South Australia (SA)  has a unique position in Australia's history as, unlike the other states which were founded as colonies, South Australia began as a self governing province Many were attracted to this and Adelaide and SA developed as an independent and free thinking state.
The compound of philosophical radicalism, evangelical religion and self reliant ability typical of its founders had given an equalitarian flavour to South Australian thinking from the beginning.
for apprentices and others, after their day's work, to enjoy books, lectures, discussions, readings, friendly relief and recreation for a leisure hour.
There was no census in 1850 but the 1851 census put the total population of South Australia at 63,700 with males numbering 35,302.
The discovery of Gold in Ballarat caused a large migration from South Australia and by 1852 some 8000 had left for the Goldfields.
They became associated in the Exchange Room of the Adelaide Town Hall on November 28th, 1878 at a public meeting for the promotion of a revival of the Y.M.C.A.
Sir John Colton (a member of the Adelaide Association in 1853 and a founder of Prince Alfred College) had been asked to preside, but was absent through illness and the chair was occupied by Mr. Richard Searle ( a managing partner of D & W Murray and Co ) who became the first President of the Association.
With the YMCA of Adelaide one of the very early organisations for social good it attracted some of the state's leading influential figures to its board and men of high calibre as General Secretary.
The history of the organisation in South Australia is very much tied to the leadership by both General Secretaries (CEOs) and the presidents along with the boards who backed them.
Birt oversaw activities in the temporary premises, Salisbury Chambers in king William Street and to manage the alteration of the newly leased premises in Gawler Place which opened 27 August 1879.
Walker was secretary of the Flinders Street Presbyterian Men's Society which merged into the YMCA with him continuing as General Secretary.
Walker was regarded as a very hard working Secretary who said he did not have a night off in any month and the board believed he did not have fraudulent intent but compassion rather than criminality.
The 'new' YMCA building in Gawler Place was opened in 1884 and in 1886 the Glenelg born Virgo was appointed General Secretary following the conviction of the previous General Secretary for embezzling funds.
For young men, activities included Bible classes, sporting teams, lectures, debating and choral societies, a gymnasium, camps and an employment and immigration department.
Virgo was prominent in Adelaide's religious life and conducted evangelistic services on Sunday evenings at the Theatre Royal in Hindley Street.1900 Virgo became secretary of the Australasian Union of Y.M.C.A.s and 1903 was appointed secretary of the Y.M.C.A., Sydney then General Secretary of the London Central Y.M.C.A.
This forged a link with North American YMCA's and more modern methods of physical development and a rapid development of membership.
WW1 saw the Adelaide YMCA support YMCA staff overseas as evidenced by a letter to Wheeler from Menza camp Egypt by Col S Price Weir OC 10th battalion.
by1916 The army Department was the largest work done by the Adelaide YMCA with operations at Mitcham, Cheltenham, Balaklava, Murray Bridge, Torrens Island, Gawler.
Stafford, an American from Dayton Ohio was working at the Bendigo YMCA and took the acting role while Wheeler spent 2 years working for the YMCA in the United States His work transformed the organisation as recognised in a speech by the then President Henry J Holden who said of him.
1916 -1920 The title of General Secretary was discontinued this period as post war the organisation needed to adjust having been dominated by the military units.
This gave lack of continuity at the top at a time when the planning for transition to peace time was so important.
Jack Massey began his YMCA career as a field secretary attached to the Australian Imperial Forces A Christian (Anglican) and a pacifist he served in England France and Belgium assisting soldiers awaiting repatriation.
He was appointed as General Secretary of the Adelaide YMCA in 1920 and went on to build and expand the organisation as well as develop programmes and advocate for young people with accomplishments including establishing a court for juvenile offenders and guiding amateur football in SA.
He attended the 100 years of Adelaide YMCA in 1978 not long before his death in 1981 and was acclaimed as one of the great men of the organisation and the community for his life of service.
During WW1 Alf Gibbs served as YMCA War Services Department Chief Commissioner overseeing YMCA staff in almost all military camps and some 62 representative overseas to assist the troops.
In 1956 he negotiated the purchase of the Presbyterian Church in Flinders Street which was demolished the following year and a new modern YMCA youth complex and residential facility was constructed.
He went on to build up World Vision Australia and then to New York where he grew the organisation into a large multinational NGO.
After his Army service he joined the Adelaide Y as Extension Secretary under Irvine having responsibility for developing boards, programmes and ensuring the viability of Walkerville, Northern Districts (Kilburn), West Croydon and Elizabeth Branches.
They were initially organised initially by Don McCallum, Physical Education Director and in following years by Ross Baxter Glen Powell, Gary Kelly, Dean Manning, Dave Badger, Tim Looker.
He personally led groups of senior leaders on Outward Bound-type expeditions to New Zealand, Tasmania (Cradle Mountain Track, Flinders Ranges and the Grampians).
Daly went on become a Senior Office, then Assistant Director in the newly formed South Australian Government Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport.
He transformed camping into a massive co-ed programme, introduced Explorers and Adventurers which at its peak had about 1000 families involved.
This created a crisis which inspired the recruitment to the board of some former Y members high in the corporate world who could use there expertise to review the organisation.
Dowling came from Carclew Performing Arts and became our first leaders called a CEO as the others were titled General Secretaries.
Dowling was a transformational leader and kept all the Y programmes running at a high level and established a Registered Training Organisation running certificate course out of the Flinders Street headquarters.
With the Flinders Street property becoming outdated and run down Dowling sought to redevelop site.. A 12-story, strata titled building with the Y having some floors and selling off others.
The Flinders' Street property was then sold as cost of fire compliance and the age of the building proved uneconomical to refurbish.
Driven by the board policy Kelly spent his time trying to win contracts for student accommodation which was an emerging area of service due to the growing numbers of overseas students in Adelaide.
This chewed up significant funds which ultimately delivered no results and the money from the sale of Flinders Street property began to diminish.
A former footballer Schwartz did some very good work, won the Aquadome contract and set up Community Strengthening unit, after school care and negotiated access to HACC grant funding to expand YMCA social services.
Supported by a senior leadership team he assembled he took the organisation from near insolvency to financial security and a higher level of service delivery.
Mundy stepped in at short notice from his role as General manager Operations and earned his name on the baton that is passed from one CEO to the next.
Mimbara Conservation Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located in the locality of Worlds End about south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about south-east of the town of Burra.
The conservation park consists of the following land in the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Bright - Allotments 100 and 101 in Deposited Plan 92164 and Section 223.
Its name is derived from the clan name used by the Ngadjuri aboriginal people for the land associated with the conservation park.
The 2007 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns baseball team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2007 NCAA Division I baseball season.
The 2020 Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big West Conference of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
James Allen Workman (17 March 1917 – 23 December 1970) was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for the Australian Services team from May 1945 to January 1946.
After the war he married an English woman, and they lived in London, where he coached at Alf Gover's cricket school.
Claude Fonnereau (1677, La Rochelle – 5 April 1740, Hoddesdon) was a French Huguenot refugee who settled in England and became a prominent merchant.
The 2020 BWF Continental Circuit is the fourteenth season of the BWF Continental Circuit of badminton, a circuit of 66 tournaments.
Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF Continental Circuit events.
Bharti Singh and her husband writer Haarsh Limbachiyaa all set to turn hosts for Sony TV's new dance reality show India’s Best Dancer.
The plot revolves around Lucas (Charley Palmer Rothwell), a young man who lived through his childhood marked by the abuse of his mother and who after adult decides to create a game called Paranoia, which uses as a means to make several atrocities.
The film premiered on 18 April 2019 in the United States, and 10 May 2019 in Estonia, and 10 July 2019 in VOD format.
Lucas (Charley Palmer Rothwell) and Chloé (Roxane Mesquida) are a former dysfunctional couple who, after having spent a year apart, meet again because Chloé decides to invite him to play a game called Paranoia, in which they offer a million euros to the two players who finish the game.
By gathering the clues to be accepted in the game they arrive at a party, where they find a way to reach an abandoned hospital where the game will take place.
Upon arrival a mysterious voice tells all the players the rules of the game and how to play, but what the mysterious voice does not tell the players is that the main rules of the game are: Number 1: Nothing is real, and Number 2 : One of you will die.
When starting the game Lucas begins to notice that something was not normal and that in the game they were only trying to kill all the players, but Chloé refuses to believe that anyone wants to kill them all.
Minutes after having passed the first test of the game, in the second test of the game they run into the corpse of one of the players, so both begin to worry and get scared.
Frightened by what happened, Chloé and Lucas just try to finish the game to save their lives, and later in a room they find another corpse of another player and some papers where there was information about Naomi (Marie Zabukovec), who was actually admitted to the hospital abandoned years ago, and she was a totally dangerous patient.
After having passed some tests of the game, they reach the final test, which makes them go to the abandoned hospital church, that's where Chloé discovers that Lucas is really the murderer and that he is a psychopath who suffers from memory loss.
From what Chloé makes him believe that they are about to reach the end of the game, when she finds a ladder to go up to the second floor of the church, she decides pushing Lucas from the stairs and she flees the place, but he manages to find her and kill her.
While he is unaware of what he was doing, he thinks he has found the murderer who killed all the players in the game, but the murderer is really himself, and that is where it is discovered that he murdered his mother and that he organized everything the game.
Chenopodium ficifolium, the fig-leaved goosefoot or figleaf goosefoot, is a plant species in the family Amaranthaceae originally native to the Irano-Turanian floristic region.
Slavko Vlahović (Cyrillic: Славко Влаховић; born 7 June 1954) is a former Yugoslav and Montenegrin footballer who played as a defender.
With 413 appearances, between 1977 and 1991, Vlahović is also the second-most capped player in Yugoslav First League history, only behind Enver Marić.
It is a member of the Bergen County Cooperative Library System, a consortium of municipal libraries in the northeastern New Jersey counties of Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, and Essex.
The deck allows people, especially foreigners, to become acquainted with the rich world of cultural traditions and customs of the Kazakhs.
In other words, there is no division into classes such as: clubs representing the peasantry; diamonds, the merchant class; hearts, the clergy; spades, the warrior class.
There are four traditional Yurts: Óz Yurt symbolizing relatives on father’s side; Naǵashy Yurt, relatives on mother’s side; Qaıyn Yurt, relatives on spouse’s side; and Quda Yurt, the ones obtained through children’s marriage.
The Yurts lay the foundation for the whole philosophy of family relationships to which nomadic societies have always attached significant importance.
Scientific facts clearly identify the territory of modern Central Asia as the home of the very first domesticated horses, as well as falcons and eagles firstly trained for hunting.
During a tour of the United Kingdom, several venues cancelled her appearances over concerns that her presentation could discourage people from seeking needed medical care or vaccinating their children.
She worked as a bank manager until she began working as a psychic healer and medium, following the death of her grandfather, who she claims contacted her after his death.
Wilson has said that she is able to communicate with several spirits, including at least one deceased surgeon, who help her to conduct spiritual healing.
Wilson describes accused serial sex abuser and debunked faith healer João Teixeira de Faria, AKA John of God, as a mentor and has said that they are both assisted in psychic healing by some of the same spirits.
The chair of the organization, Craig Shearer, voiced concerns about the risk of participants forgoing medical care and suffering financial exploitation.
The supplement is sold by a Enzacta, a multi-level marketing company for which Wilson is a paid promoter, at a dramatic markup relative to the cost of whole purple rice sold in supermarkets or micronised purple rice sold online.
Thomas Ives (born June 25, 1996) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).
In 2014, Hinsdale Central reached the Class 8A state playoffs with an 8–3 record; Ives led the team as a captain with 48 receptions for 888 yards and 12 touchdowns.
In his freshman season, Ives saw little playing time in the regular season, catching just one pass for nine yards in a week eight win over Georgetown.
As a junior, Ives led the Raiders in several statistical categories, as he hauled in a team-best 353 receiving yards and seven touchdowns.
Ives caught just 15 passes for 263 yards and one touchdown as an injury limited Ives in two games and took him out of three games.
On August 31, 2019, Ives was released by the Bears as part of final roster cuts, but was signed to the practice squad the next day.
She is a professor at the King Saud University in Riyadh, where she teaches Information technology and currently resides in Riyadh.
She has a degree in Industrial Engineering and received her Masters degree in Management from school of management in Saint-Étienne, France on 2008.
Inspired by a true story, the book tells the story of a Tunisian Jewish girl who converted to Islam, after being influenced by the character of an orphan Muslim girl and becomes interested in a young Lebanese who is one of the Lebanese resistance forces.
But I'm sure that intellectual maturity doesn't have much to do with age... Maybe there have been some changes in my life that make me feel the difference.
Yes, the environment has changed, friends and acquaintances have changed, I have lost some of my friends and made new friends... Life does not stop and goes on...
Every part of life is important and has a particular value to me, because I see that every individual is inherently distinct, because Almighty God created him or her different from other people, so every individual is exceptional and can only exist once, and this experience is unique...
Jacob's wife, Tanya, who cannot tolerates with Rima's veil and finds that her Jewish children are also interested in Islamic veil because of Rima, sees Rima as a threat to her childrens and asks Jacob to choose between Rima and her family.
The main character in this novel is a Muslim girl who wears a head scarf and faces problems because of it in society.
Excerpt from the book: When she was asked first time about the journey ahead, her mother, Fatima, responded indirectly to her by these statements.
The Tunisian sun is suitable for blossoming and completing personality of this flower, but it has the ability to withstand the shade and cold climate of Europe.
After that, her mother never accepted anyone's love because she had dedicated herself to love for Yasmeen.<br>She increasingly felt the absence of his mother more day after day.
Her mother had taught him how to be a real jasmine, but she may have overlooked the bitter truth: When it leaves its soil, Jasmine quickly fades away and wraps itself beautifully in the dry.
Part of the text of the book: Everything was cool and exciting until I decided to make a change in my desperate path and do something extraordinary to get me out of this absurdity hell.
After that, in one of the autumn night, when I stepped on the boat that had stopped on the shore, the moonlight has faded from my life, and my life became a improvisations series of exceptional cases.
I became close to the borders of death by drowning and deprived myself of justice, I even almost fell into the realm of the dead.
This is part of the text: If she could paint a simple picture of her life, of course if she had been so aware, she recognized that it was all just suffering.
Each suffering depicts a different path, expressing certain meanings that she was unaware of it... Every suffering had to search for the next suffering to find its way...
In the meantime she was looking for a way to get rid of it and always asked: Which event, like a tornado, shook the pillars of her monotonous life?...
Just when there was an incentive to keep going, everything seemed void to her... Like a fisherman who fished a fish then thrown it into the sea and wait for a bigger fish...
Cosmo Lady (China) Holdings Company Limited (HKSE: 2298), doing business as Cosmo Lady () is a Chinese company, headquartered in Dongguan, that manufactures underwear; it is the largest such company in the country.
That year it made an initial public offering and effective 26 June 2014 was listed on the main board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE).
Requiem Survey, a website established in 2003 by Reformed Christian rector, literary scholar and author Kees van der Vloed (born 9 June 1960 in the Netherlands), endeavors to categorize all composers and works relating to the Mass for the dead.
The alphabetical survey itself recognizes classical, vocal requiems (and their composers), including fragments and unfinished works in the original Latin text as well as in other languages (e.g., German requiems), requiem-songs, motets and profane requiems.
At the age of 23, following the death of her grandmother, Morales took over the funeral home ran by the family.
Suraj Pe Mangal Bhari is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language family comedy film directed by Abhishek Sharma and produced under the banner Zee Studios.
The film features Diljit Dosanjh, Manoj Bajpayee and Fatima Sana Shaikh in the lead roles.Principal photography began on 6 January 2020.
Due to predicted difficulties in arranging the new format, an extra year was requested for its completion by the local committees, and the Midland (Tayside) leagues began in 1969, a year after the rest of Scotland (the North was the only one of the six new regions which required more than minor adjustment to its structure).
With titles having been shared between clubs from Perthshire and Dundee (the sole Angus champions in 1974 being Kirrie Thistle), the league's balance altered dramatically in 1990 when Tayport joined the setup; their base was actually in the far north of Fife but they were permitted to join the Tayside league as they were closer to many of its teams via the Tay Road Bridge.
Despite the challenge of facing the strongest clubs from these other two areas, Tayport continued to be among the leading teams for the first six years; Dundee side Lochee United also finished as East Region champions twice in that period.
Tayside's setup was retained as a feeder division to the Superleague along with the other historic districts until 2006, when they were fully integrated into the East Region; Tayside's section (minus the Perthshire teams which were placed with the Fife sides) became the North Division below the Super League and a new Premier Division.
In 2018, a large group of East Junior clubs joined the East of Scotland Football League, aspiring to gain entry to the senior Scottish Professional Football League in future years; however, on Tayside the only ones to do so were the Perth teams Jeanfield Swifts and Kinnoull.
This led to a North-South reorganisation of the remaining members of the region, with the 2019–20 Superleague North entirely compsed of former Tayside clubs.
A poor but optimistic young fruit peddler from Genoa is lured to America by his boss; once he arrives, he finds himself trapped in a stormy marriage with an unfaithful wife.
The Arnold Schönberg Complete Edition is a historical-critical edition of the complete compositional works of Arnold Schönberg, which is intended to serve both scholarship and musical practice.
The edition was created in December 1965 by Schönberg's pupil and later assistant Josef Rufer at the headquarters of the Mainz music publisher B. Schott's Söhne.
The 2020 TCR Japan Touring Car Series season is scheduled to be the first season of the TCR Japan Touring Car Series.
The calendar was announced on 27 October 2018 with six confirmed dates with all rounds held in Japan and supporting the Super Formula Championship.
He calmly reacted to the fact that his lazy peer Nikolai was boasting to his colleagues about his victories over women, who, in turn, listened with pleasure to him.
Middleton received degrees in finance and Plan II Honors from University of Texas at Austin, and a Juris Doctor from University of Texas Law School.
Middleton currently serves as president of Middleton Oil Company, which is an independent oil and gas company that operates in South Texas and the Gulf Coast.
Middleton serves in the Texas House of Representatives for district 23, he was sworn in on January 8, 2019 succeeding Wayne Faircloth.
In 1981 Harless graduated from Spring High School, he then attended Lone Star College, and later attended Sam Houston State University.
Middle-aged and widowed Mitch is living in a converted North London Victorian house, divided into flats, with the house owner and half-brother Will who works as a translator from home.
In the neighbouring flats is nervous and shy Ellie who secretly holds a crush on Mitch, frightfully honest but frustrated actress Louisa, and dimwitted IT nerd Morris.
The show pilot was commissioned as part of a group of six shows which aired together on the 7 January 2017.
The Derek de Solla Price Memorial Award, or Price Medal, was conceived to honor Derek J. de Solla Price for his contributions to information science and for his crucial role in developing the field of scientometrics.
The award was launched by Tibor Braun, founder of the international journal Scientometrics, and is periodically awarded by the journal to scientists with outstanding contributions to the fields of quantitative studies of science.
She completed her education from Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Farook College, University of Calicut English Department and Mother Teresa Women's University, Chennai.
Hungama 2 is an upcoming Indian 2020 Hindi-language comedy film directed by Priyadarshan and jointly produced by Ratan Jain, Ganesh Jain, Chetan Jain and Armaan Ventures.
Typhoon Phanfone, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ursula, was a relatively strong and deadly tropical cyclone which traversed through the Philippines on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day for the first time since Nock-ten in 2016.
The twenty-ninth and final named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, the origins of Phanfone can be traced to an upper-level low which had formed near the Caroline Islands and gradually organized into a tropical depression on December 19.
Moving generally west-northwestard, the system intensified into a tropical storm on December 22 and moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility on the following day as it continued gaining strength.
Further intensification ensued until Christmas Day despite Phanfone making several landfalls over the central Philippine islands, peaking at 150 km/h (90 mph) 10-minute sustained winds with a central pressure dropping to 970 hPa.
Phanfone maintained its typhoon strength for several hours as it exited the Philippine landmass before unfavorable conditions caused it to rapidly deteriorate and dissipate over the South China Sea.
Phanfone crossed the central Philippines after the stronger Kammuri struck nearly the same region merely weeks prior, with a track fairly similar to 2013’s Haiyan.
The total fatalities of the said typhoon is 50 deaths (with 55 people missing, and over 300 injured) and the damages is at or roughly .
Prior to its formation on December 19, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a low pressure system to the southeast of Micronesia.
Showing signs of convection and sufficient banding around a defined center, the JTWC subsequently upgraded its initial warning to a medium chance of development.
Shortly thereafter on December 20, JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, while the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued its first advisory on the system.
By afternoon of December 24, Phanfone gained typhoon strength shortly before making its first three landfalls over Salcedo, Eastern Samar (4:45 pm PST), Tacloban City (7:30 pm PST), and Cabucgayan, Biliran (9:15 pm PST).
Further intensification ensued until December 25, with Phanfone peaking at 00:00 UTC with 150 km/h (90 mph) 10-minute sustained winds and a central pressure dropping to 970 hPa; the JTWC reported that Phanfone peaked at 175 km/h 1-minute sustained winds, equivalent to a Category 2 typhoon.
Phanfone continued its west-northwestward track and, by afternoon of the same day, PAGASA had reported four additional landfalls: Gigantes Islands (2:30 am PST), Ibajay, Aklan (8:40 am PST), Semirara Island (1:00 pm PST), and Bulalacao, Oriental Mindoro (3:00 pm PST).
After holding strength for several hours, the system began losing strength due to unfavorable sea surface temperatures, medium wind shear and dry air intrusion.
On December 28, PAGASA issued its final warning as the system exited the PAR; later, JMA issued their final advisories as Phanfone weakened below warning threshold.
The PAGASA issued a signal 3 warning to Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Biliran and the Camotes Islands, meaning that 65-92 knot (75-106 mph; 121–170 km/h) winds were expected.
The PAGASA also issued a signal 2 warning to the Visayas, meaning that 33-65 knot (38-75 mph; 61–120 km/h) winds were to be expected within 24 hours.
It was issued to the central portion of northern Cebu, northeastern Iloilo, northern Antique, Capiz, Aklan, Southern Leyte, and Negros Occidental, which meant that Phanfone was taking a similar path to the areas hit by the much stronger Typhoon Haiyan.
The Visayas was the worst hit, with Iloilo City having 13 casualties alone that had been either struck by fallen trees, electrocuted or drowned.
The extent of damage in the Philippines was quite far, with the Boracay Airport being heavily damaged as many people were stranded in the airport as the typhoon struck.
Severe flooding caused devastating damage in the many provinces and islands of Visayas as rain spread across the region, with many houses and vehicles being partially to completely submerged.
All of these obstacles blocked off roads and made roads dangerous to walk on; and the excessive amounts of rainfall made ground, especially higher ground, very unstable.
The province of Leyte was placed under a state of calamity following the damage of the typhoon, with livestock, crops and infrastructure being damaged in excess of $1 million USD.
Most of the casualties are estimated to have taken place at Iloilo, as the village was badly hit with severe and swift-moving flash floods.
Tacloban was hit as fires broke out and winds allowed them to spread but it the 220,000 inhabitants escaped the worst of the system.
Because of the upcoming Christmas celebrations, 16,000 passengers who had holiday plans in their respective provinces with their families, were stranded in port for their safety due to the threat of the typhoon.
Upon making landfall near Salcedo in Eastern Samar around 4:45 PM, it was reported that the typhoon was causing major flooding and mudslides in the region.
Five fishermen were reported missing and a 70-year-old man died after his house was swept away and as a result, he drowned.
The World Food Programme issued advisories and infographics plotting the projected path of Phanfone, as well as evacuation and relief centers.
As of December 27, 2019, there are at least 28 confirmed fatalities according to the Philippines Disaster Agency, including a 13-year-old boy who was electrocuted.
A signal 2 warning was also issued to Luzon, with the southern portion of Quezon, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Romblon, Albay, Sorsogon, Burias Island, Calamian and Cuyo Islands all forecast to be in the path of Phanfone.
A signal 1 warning was issued to Bulacan, Bataan, Metro Manila, Rizal, rest of Quezon, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes and northern Palawan.
The island's governor ordered local government units to conduct a forced evacuation plan, prompting civilians near flood-prone areas and areas with the potential to be affected by landslides, to relocate temporarily as a safety precaution.
Local representatives visited residents in Libon, Maninila and Tandarora to advise them to evacuate and temporarily celebrate Christmas in evacuation centers for their safety.
Many public schools were open in order to serve as shelters for residents while the provincial government distributed food packs to the evacuees.
In Naval, the local government unit deployed evacuation tents for evacuees on Monday, December 23 with some tents reserved for senior citizens, pregnant women and people with disabilities.
Personnel of the Romblon Provincial Mobile Force Company were deployed and conducted an inventory of Search and Rescue (SAR) equipment on December 23 in preparation for the typhoon.
Upwards of 58,000 people were evacuated from Luzon and its surrounding islands as the system brought torrential rain and severe flash flooding ensued as a result of the rains.
Ursus Minor Mountain is a mountain summit located in Glacier National Park, in the Hermit Range of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
It was so-named because of its proximity above Bear Creek (since renamed Connaught Creek), and in keeping with the bear theme of other nearby features such as Ursus Major Mountain, Grizzly Mountain, Bruins Pass, and Balu Pass.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Ursus Minor Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from a small unnamed glacier on its north slope drains into tributaries of the Illecillewaet River and Beaver River.
Khalid Mohamed Al Jaber (خالد محمد الجابر) is a record holder Qatari biker and traveler who travels to spread messages and create awareness about specific subjects.
In 2017, he traveled 21,000 km at the silk route, from London to Beijing, promoting the work of charitable health projects that work for children without limbs.
Jaidev is a 1998 Indian Kannada action drama directed by H. Vasu who also wrote the screenplay for a story by M. D. Hasham.
The film stars Jaggesh in the titular role alongside an ensemble cast which includes Charulatha, Srinath, Doddanna, Ashok, Sumithra and Gurudatt.
The film narrates the story of two brothers , Dhanpal and Jaipal, who have supreme authority over their dead brother-in-law's wealth.
However, when a stage comes that they are unable to keep their authority due to their brother-in-law's will which states that his son will be the next heir , they hire Jaidev, a young good doer to play that role.
In 2006 he was promoted to become Director of Political Department of the 40th Group Army, a position he held until 2008.
In February 2008 he became Deputy Political Commissioner of the 40th Group Army, ten months later he was promoted to become Political Commissioner.
He was Director of Political Department of the Chengdu Military Region in December 2013, and held that office until January 2016.
The facility is not Dukhan Airport, a civilian airport built in 1930 and made obsolete in 1959 when Doha International Airport was opened.
The airbase received five of the air force's order of 36 Dassault Rafale jet fighters in June 2019, though the base was not completely operational at the time.
Witold Abramowicz is a Polish scientist, professor of economics, postdoctoral degree in mathematics and engineer, chair of the Department of Information Systems at PUEB.
Jordan Seamon (born November 28, 2002), better known by her stage name J.K. is an American R&B/Urban pop singer/song-writer, actress, artist, author, entrepreneur, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania native that is now based in Atlanta, Georgia.
Since 2013 he has been artistic director of the , for which he conceptually focused on the promotion of the prizewinners, and chairman of the jury for composition.
Rexroth is the author and editor of publications on classical composers such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Anton Webern and Paul Hindemith as well as on contemporary composers such as Hans Werner Henze and Wolfgang Rihm.
Scott made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1912.
He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander in September 1913 and the following year he served in the First World War, during which he was mentioned in dispatches for his role in the Evacuation of Gallipoli in late 1915 and early 1916.
He was made decorated with the Bronze Medal of Military Valor by Italy in March 1918, in addition to being made a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order in June 1918.
The Belt Line was a former CSX owned freight railroad branch industrial line on the west side of Hamilton, Ohio extending from Belt Junction JCT connection with CSX Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision and the CSXIndianapolis Subdivision.
The 2.9-mile Hamilton Belt Railway operated entirely within Hamilton from 1898 until 2012, serving several industries on the city’s West Side.
By 1926, Champion was dispatching 18 to 20 cars of paper daily, and bringing in an average of 144 box cars and 55 coal cars each week.
By 1940, Champion’s Hamilton mill rail yards had more than 20 miles of track with several steam locomotives shuttling cars around the clock.
It had no locomotives or cars and was worked in succession by the CH&D, the B&O, CSX and, after 1988, by privately-owned short line companies Great Miami & Western Railway then US Rail.
Furth (b Deisenhofen) station () is a railway station in the municipality of Furth, located in the Munich district in Bavaria, Germany.
The University of the Arts London (the successor to the Central School of Arts and Crafts) has three of her works in its collection.
The clinic became the geriatric wing of the Devonshire Royal Hospital in 1948 and then moved to a completely new facility at Manchester Road in 1966.
Local member of parliament Ruth George raised concerns about the matter with Philip Dunne, health minister, during a debate on health in the House of Commons in October 2017.
National University of Science and Technology (NUST) is a private university in Oman which was established in 2018 by merger of three professional colleges, Caledonian College of Engineering, Oman Medical College, and College of Pharmacy.
NUST has academic partnerships with three international universities: Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, West Virginia University, U.S. and the University of South Carolina, U.S.
The 2020 Ladbrokes Masters is the eighth staging of the non-ranking Masters darts tournament, held by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC).
However, he was beaten in the Masters for the first time since 2014, losing 10–6 to Jonny Clayton in the first round, and losing his 20-match unbeaten streak at The Marshall Arena.
A new champion will be crowned, as Michael van Gerwen and James Wade, the only two previous champions who qualified, were both eliminated in the first round.
The Masters will feature the top 16 players in the PDC Order of Merit after the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship.
It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Windermere, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle.
The church is situated on the A591 road between Ambleside and Grasmere and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
This page lists the songs that reached number-one on the overall Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, the R&B Songs chart (which was created in 2012), and the Hot Rap Songs chart in 2020.
This page lists the albums that reached number-one on the overall Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, the R&B Albums chart (which was re-created in 2013), and the Rap Albums chart in 2020.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1759, where 928 are males and 831 are females.
HESTIM Engineering and Business School (, abbreviated HESTIM) is a private higher education institution located in the city of Casablanca, Morocco.
In 2015-16 the original school was renamed HESTIM Engineering and a new school was created, HESTIM Management, offering degrees in business-related fields.
It also offers French-accredited master's degrees in partnership with French universities and schools, such as UPHF (Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France), ULCO (Université littoral côte d’opale), INSA Lyon (Institut National des sciences appliquées de Lyon), ESTIA (École supérieure des technologies industrielles avancées), IMT Lille Douai Ecole Mines de Douai.
One day he came to take some water and he heared some sounds near him, he scared and run away to the room.
Due to its cement factory, coal-fired power stations in Turkey and coal-fired steam boiler it is one of the largest private sector greenhouse gas emitters in Turkey.
In 2003 the Rixos Hotel Bodrum was put into service in Bodrum, Turkey, marking the company's entry into the tourism industry.
He was President of PLA Nanjing Political College in March 2006, and held that office until August 2007, when he was appointed Head of Propaganda Division of the People's Liberation Army General Political Department.
s per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 3247, where 1,693 are males and 1554 are females.
Haji Muhammad Ali Khan, Rais al-Tujjar CIE (also known as Haji Rais) was the Prime Minister of Arabistan and chief of its traders.
Born in Behbahan, Haji Rais belonged to a wealthy family of merchants that traded on the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and eventually established trade connections with India, under the British Raj.
Haji Rais himself was a large merchant and grew very rich under Khaz’al over whom he had ‘great influence’.Khaz’al's eldest son and Heir apparent, Sheikh Kasib, was betrothed to Haji Rais’ daughter.
Eleanor Franklin Egan described him as a wonderful man about five feet five, that made up in loftiness of intelligence what he lacks in physical stature.
She further added, that he was the commanding intellect which has stood at the Sheikh’s right hand for more years than most people can remember.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1334, where 729 are males and 605 are females.
It is a biography and analysis of the English experimental rock group Henry Cow and their turbulent existence between 1968 and 1978.
The book is Piekut's second and was published in September 2019 in the United States by Duke University Press in hard- and soft-cover.
He conducted his own interviews between 2011 and 2016 with all living members of Henry Cow and those associated with the band, and was granted access to personal archives of several players, including Fred Frith, Tim Hodgkinson, Chris Cutler, Lindsay Cooper and Peter Blegvad.
This tended to suppress individualism and made the band more important than its members, which strained relationships within the group, and with partners on the outside.
The book explains how Henry Cow were at odds with the status quo, the music industry and the world at large.
The brief merger with Slapp Happy in 1975, the formation of the Orckestra with the Mike Westbrook Brass Band and folk singer Frankie Armstrong in 1977, and the establishment of the Rock in Opposition movement in 1978, were some of several ventures they initiated.
Cutler added that where Piekut had to interpret different people's accounts of events, it is likely that not everyone in the band will concur with his analysis.
He attained the rank of rear admiral (shaojiang) in July 1999, and was promoted to the rank of vice admiral (zhongjiang) in July 2006.
In December 2004, he was appointed Political Commissioner of South Sea Fleet and Deputy Political Commissioner of Guangzhou Military Region, replacing Tong Shiping.
She studied at the Cardiff School of Art and Wimbledon School of Art before training at the Institute of Education, which was then part of the University of London.
After some years teaching in both York and Cardiff, Oxland spent 1962 and 1963 studying at the Academie Julian in Paris.
She then returned to teaching as a department head at the Cardiff High School for Girls before becoming head of the design department at Llandaff College of Education, a post she held until 1972 when she taught at Llanederyrn High School in Cardiff.
She regularly showed works at the Royal Academy in London during the 1950s and was a member of, and occasional office holder with, both the South Wales Group and the South Wales Artists Society.
During her career, Oxland held a dozen solo exhibitions including at Newport Cathedral in 1964 and at the Chapter Arts Centre in Cardiff during 1974.
The district of Furth borders in the north on the Perlacher Forst, in the south on the district of Deisenhofen (Oberhaching), in the west on the district of Grünwald and in the east on the district of Taufkirchen.
Cyclists cross the Furth area comfortably, as an asphalted, car-free route leads from Säbener Platz in Munich through the Perlacher Forest to Furth.
There you can take a break in the beer garden of the Kugler Alm, or extend the bike tour further into the Bavarian Oberland.
The Trojans, led by 1st-year head coach Scott Cross, play their home games at Trojan Arena in Troy, Alabama as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
On March 11, 2019, it was announced that head coach Phil Cunningham was relieved of his duties, ending his six year tenure with the team.
Born in Melle, Niedersachsen, Kämper studied at the University of Cologne and University of Zurich with research stays in Bologna, Florence and Rome.
Since 1986 he was the holder of the newly established chair for musicology at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln.
Noori is a 14 stringed instrument shaped like a guitar, but with a wooden frame covered in goatskin to produce percussive sounds like those of a djembe.
He has conceptualised Zubaan, a music project that aims to create platforms for collaboration between independent music artists from different corners of India.
Chapters have started in Odisha, Varanasi, Deoria, Kausani, Khetri, Nagpur/Wardha/Gadchiroli, Mumbai, Kolkata where around 30 artists have been collaborating and performing all across the mainlands.
She was the first female district commissioner in Ghana and the only female to have been district commissioner for the Yendi district.
She left civil service to work as a regional woman organizer for the United Ghana Farmers' Council (UGFC), a group under the Convention People's Party (CPP).
She spent 3 years touring the entire region and her job extended to teaching the male farmers as well as the female farmers.
In 2003, she appeared before the National Reconciliation Commission requesting that her two houses and a car that were seized after the first republic government was overthrown be returned to her.
She explained that the Azu Crabbe commission had exonerated her however the then military government went on to confiscate her assets.
She further added that she sent a letter to the PNDC government about her plight and she was directed to the Confiscated Assets Committee.
The then head/chairperson of the commission Mrs. Betty Mould-Iddrisu helped her acquire her buildings in Tamale which were then being occupied by others.
The buildings were later taken back as the residents of the building also reported the case to the Confiscated Assets Committee.
Galway Rally boasts as the first, ever International Rally run in Ireland (1971), the first round of the European Rally Championship run in Ireland (1975), the first computer-generated result system (1975), the first round of the new Irish Tarmac Rally Championship in (1978), the first female Clerk of the Course, Bridget Brophy (1982), the youngest Clerk of the Course of an any International Rally, Mike Smith (1988).
The 2020 Corrib Oil Galway International Rally was confirmed to take place on Sunday 2nd February with a repeat of the racing format which made the previous year's event a success.
The event will be the opening round of the 2020 Irish Tarmac Rally Championship, and will run a week earlier than 2019 in order to avoid a clash with the opening British Rally Championship round, the Cambrian Rally.
After consultation with local politicians and the Galway County Council it was ruled that the organisers have complied with all of the procedures relating to a temporary road closure, and that the event is cleared to go ahead.
A 60-year-old retired Garda sergeant claimed that he suffered back pain and depression after an assault by spectators during the Galway Rally in 2009.
Irish motorsport was hit with yet another increase in premiums later that year, which when passed on to competitors were to reach €800 mark per competitor per event.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1479, where 802 are males and 677 are females.
It is situated in one of the three-storey warehouses of the former Marfà factory in Mataró, the most important Knitted fabric factory in Spain before 1936.
The permanent exhibition presents more than one hundred industrial objects explaining the knitwear manufacturing process in Catalonia from the 18th century to present day: Machinery, tools, clothing, advertising and documents, aiming to highlight one of the most important collections of its kind in Europe.
The second floor houses documentation, preservation and research areas and displays a selection of clothing items from the 1960s to the 1980s.
The 2020 season is Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club's 47th season in club history and 8th season in the Malaysia Super League after rebranding their name from Johor FC.
Johor Darul Ta'zim FC won their 2019 Malaysia Super League to become the first Malaysian club to win the league titles for six consecutive seasons (2014–2019).
JDT returns to win the 2019 Malaysia Cup after defeating Kedah 3-0 at Bukit Jalil National Stadium on 2 November 2019.
JDT failed to qualify for quarter final in Malaysia FA Cup after lost with 0-1 to PKNS at third round on 17 April 2019.
Having won a record sixth Malaysia Super League title couple of weeks back, JDT were just two matches away from repeating their 2016 feat of coasting through a full league season undefeated.
JDT have lost for the first time at the Tan Sri Dato’ Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium in Larkin since April 14, 2012 — a run that lasted for 75 matches (82, if you include their seven wins as Johor FC).
In Asia, JDT in the first time and to become the first Malaysian club to qualify for AFC Champions League Group Stage.
JDT create the first victory after defeating defending champions Kashima Antlers 1-0 at Tan Sri Dato' Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium on 8 May 2019.
He attained the rank of rear admiral (shaojiang) in 2005, and was promoted to the rank of vice admiral (zhongjiang) in 2007.
He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in February 1968, and joined the Communist Party of China in March 1969.
He served in the 38th Group Army for a long time, where he was promoted to become Political Commissar in July 2001.
After the Cultural Revolution, became director of State Physical Culture and Sports Commission, Huang was appointed as secretary of its Political Department.
In December 2005 he was transferred to Guangzhou Military Region and appointed Deputy Political Commissar and Political Commissar of the South Sea Fleet, serving in the post until he retirement in July 2012.
He was a delegate to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 11th National People's Congress.
He used the name Gyula Hubertus since his father József Szent-Ivány (1894–1941) came from a noble land-owning class and was a political leader in Czechoslovakia.
He was married to Mária née Lakatos (1919–2012) who also worked in the museum and was an illustrator and specimen preparator.
He moved to western Europe when the Russians invaded Hungary and in the summer of 1950 he decided to emigrate to Australia.
He was made a Fellow of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1988, a few days before his death in Adelaide.
When the Swiss national TV in 1974 launched a youth-film-competition based on the key-word ‘door’, Steinmann directed his first feature ‘Die Türe’ (‘The Door’, 1975).
In 1978/79, he developed the conception ‘Krebs!’ (‘Cancer!’) about the life-threatening virus in a woman’s organism, visualized by a simultaneous life-threat of the organism of an entire city by a Godzilla-like monster-crab.
He was able to engage six well known Hollywood actors: Dee Wallace, Mickey Rooney, Timothy Bottoms, Barbara Carrera, Martin Kove, and Theresa Saldana.
‘Illusion Infinity’ was labeled as biopic; however, it was an original screenplay by Steinmann about the supposed real Las Vegas singer Patricia Paradise (played by Dee Wallace) and her life-long search for a genuine soul-mate, and a home she calls ‘Shangri-La’.
In 2014, Thai film star Mike Angelo became interested to star in ‘The Partykillers’, a screwball-comedy about a humble inventor of a magical teddy-bear crashing the engagement party of a toy manufacturer.
But another concept of a screwball comedy fit Angelo’s talent even better: A male singer gaining success only when performing as a woman, attracting both a father and his daughter.
This topic led to the 2016/2018-screenplay 'PhonY' with the unique interactivity between segments in Los Angeles, Switzerland, Australia, Thailand and Canada.
In spring 2018, the filming commenced in Switzerland with Pascal Ulli and Gilles Tschudi; it was followed by the Thai segment.
1983: Steinmann prevailed over 73 candidates in the German TV-quiz show ‘Alles oder Nichts’ with a record-breaking TV-live-audience of 15 Mio.
The lac à Mars is a fresh body of water in the watershed of the rivière à Mars North-West, the rivière à Mars and the Saguenay River.
This body of water is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Upstream of the port, industrial and urban area, the rivière à Mars valley is mainly served by the Consol Paper road.
The surface of the lac à March is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The mouth of Lac à Mars is located about northeast of the boundary of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.
Lac à Mars has a length of in the shape of a woman's head seen in semi-profile, a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
A peninsula attached to the eastern shore stretching on in the shape of a hook causes another narrowing in the northern part of the lake.
She has been elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand from Barkagaon in 2019 Jharkhand Assembly Election .
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 3259, where 53.10 are males and 46.9% are females.
The French occupation of Thessaly took place in June 1917, during the First World War, as part of the Allied intervention in the Greek National Schism.
The French army occupied consecutively on June 11 - Elasson; June 12-14 - Larissa; on 13/15 June - Velestino, Volos and Trikala; on June 15/17 - Kalambaka, and on June 26 - Lamia.
The chief military confrontation of the operation occurred when the French attempted to disarm the 1/38 Evzone Regiment in Larissa, under the command of Lt.
The Thessaloniki concentration camp was surrounded by double rows of wire mesh, and the guard was made up of Cambodian and Senegalese soldiers.
The 1889 Cork Senior Football Championship was the third staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Araruama Futebol Clube, better known as Araruama, is a club in the city of Araruama, Rio de Janeiro.The team currently plays in the Série B2.
Conceived and founded on June 2, 2016 by three medical friends from the city of Araruama who played football for fun, came the idea of creating a professional club after the departure of the last professional club in the city.
In order to occupy this gap left in the city, the three friends came together and developed the project, joining a professional club Arraial do Cabo (CEAC) with Araruama Futebol Clube.
For years, championship after championship, the city attracted fans who continued to support and make a healthy movement, a cause of joy and leisure for city dwellers.
In the 1960s, the mayor of the city of the time was a defender of a professional team (article published by the newspaper O GLOBO).
The city has already had the honor of having as player Sinval, athlete who played for the Brazilian national team, who died in 2012, in which a tribute was paid to the player in one of the games of the state of that year.
The 1890 Cork Senior Football Championship was the fourth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 2003–04 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 104th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Sassun Mkrtchyan (, June 10, 1989, Yerevan - April 3, 2016, Talish), was an Armenian contract serviceman of the Armenian Armed Forces, reconnaissance officer, machine-gunner and private.
Until the last years of his life Sassun was a member of Muay-Thai Boxing Federation of Armenia, as well as referee and broadcaster.
In 2011 he started forking in Peacekeeping forces until 2014, when he held the position of reconnaissance officer and machine-gunner in special sub-division and in 4th special detachment of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Armenia.
While working at that position, he was involved in examination of operative directions, tour of duty and carrying out special missions.
On April 1, 2016 Sassun returned to Yerevan after his service in Nagorno-Karabakh and on the next day, after receiving the news of tensions on the front-line, was immediately called to the front-line.
At that time he managed to managed take his wounded comrades-in-arms to the rear and hurried back to help his officers to recapture Talish post.
The 1895 Cork Senior Football Championship was the ninth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The Lac à la Catin is a fresh body of water in the watershed of the rivière à la Catin and the Saint-Jean River.
This body of water is located in the municipality of L'Anse-Saint-Jean, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac à la Catin is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The mouth of Lac à la Catin is located about north of the boundary of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.
Lac à la Catin has a length of in the shape of a cucumber star, a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
Its shape is broken by two peninsulas, one of which is attached to the north shore and the other is attached to the west shore (southern part of the lake).
The 1898 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 12th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Fermoy won the championship after a successful appeal against Dohenys who defeated them by 0-01 to 0-02 in the final at Cork Park.
Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (1893 – 14 January 1944) was an Indian barrister, Congressman, linguist and scholar from Rajkot in the Kathiawar district of India.
He was the husband of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, the son-in-law of Motilal Nehru, brother-in-law of Jawaharlal Nehru and father of Nayantara Sahgal.
In 1930, he was the Secretary of the Peshawar Enquiry Committee, which investigated the troubles in the North West Frontier Province.
Ranjit Sitaram Pandit was born in 1893, to the wealthy British-educated lawyer Sitaram Narayan Pandit, in Rajkot in the Kathiawar district of India.
His ancestors came from Bambuli village in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra and his family consisted of a number of lawyers and Sanskrit scholars.
He was a linguist and spoke eleven languages, including Hindi, Persian, Bengali, English, French and German, and like his father, he studied law in England.
On 10 May 1921, the anniversary of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, they married, upon which, she adopted the name Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
Until this European trip, Pandit was a successful lawyer who practiced in what was then called Calcutta with Sir B. L. Mitter.
Against the wishes of his family in Rajkot, he became a Satyagrahi and joined Mahatma Gandhi and Motilal Nehru in the Indian non-cooperation movement and settled in Allahabad, where he took up cases in the courts.
Vijaya Lakshmi later recorded in her autobiography, that on 29 December 1929, upon the declaration of independence by the Congress's then president Jawaharlal Nehru, Pandit joined him in the celebrations.
In 1930, Motilal Nehru appointed Pandit the Secretary of the Peshawar Enquiry Committee, to investigate troubles in the North West Frontier Province.
He served several prison terms, including two prison sentences with Jawaharlal Nehru, one in Naini Central Jail in 1931 and another at Dehradun.
On 18 January 1944, Nehru wrote to his daughter Indu, that he was informed that Pandit (Pupha to Indu) died in Lucknow on 14 January 1944, before the reformation of personal law which was completed after independence, leaving his widow to raise their three daughters without an inheritance.
The 1899 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 13th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
In 1944, the part of rue des Petits Champs which extends across Opera near the Place Vendome was renamed rue Danielle Casanova after a French Resistance fighter who died in 1943.
Graduated in Laws by the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, he served as judge of the Basic Court in Podgorica.
It is listed as endangered and extirpated in Maryland, as endangered in Indiana and Pennsylvania, as threatened in Connecticut, as presumed extirpated in Ohio, and as a special concern in Rhode Island.
Michael McMaster (11 May 1896 – 29 March 1965) was an English first-class cricketer, Royal Naval Air Service officer and businessman.
He served in the First World War in the Royal Naval Air Service, being commissioned as a probationary sub-lieutenant, with his probation expiring in April 1917.
Following the war, McMaster made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1920.
After leaving the Royal Navy, McMaster entered into the world of business, which took him to South Africa with Taylor and Ellis in Durban, before serving as the chairman of Slazenger.
The Mount Lyell Standard was a Queenstown based newspaper in Western Tasmania, that was contemporaneous with the Zeehan and Dundas Herald.
Currently she is a reporter with the ABC's investigative program Four Corners and is a former Middle East Correspondent for ABC news; and has delivered reports from across the region including in Afghanistan, Israel, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, Egypt, Turkey and Gaza.
The 1900 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 14th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 20 January 1901, Fermoy won the championship following a 1-09 to 1-06 defeat of Kinsale in the final at Turners Cross.
The film which was an adaptation of novel of same name written by G. Thilakavathi IPS, was released on June 1993.
Rupini won Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actress while Pulamaipithan won Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Lyricist.
The 1905 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 19th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1906 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 20th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Irene (Ana María Estupiñán), the leading voice of the Los Milagosos group in the market place, meets the mechanic Joaquín (Carlos Torres) when he arrives in the city with just what he is wearing.
They cross their destinies while fighting for their dreams, and they will soon realize that they cannot live without each other, even though their struggle to be together will be intense and painful.
The quality of the fodder plants, the freshness of the cool climate as well as the terroir of the region offer favorable conditions for cheese making.
It is from the recipe, scribbled on a piece of paper by his mother from Jura Switzerland, that Jacob Lehman makes the first cheeses.
The 2002–03 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 103rd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
After studying at Copenhagen University and gaining a reputation for brilliance, he passed the Danish civil service exam and was awarded a travel bursary to pursue further studies abroad in geology and mineralogy.
For two years he and his friend Henrik Steffens studied together in Berlin and later in Freiberg, under the mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner.
Møller then travelled to Paris, to study under René Just Haüy and Georges Cuvier, before rejoining Steffens at the University of Jena to sit at the feet of Friedrich Schelling.
After a conversion experience during an illness, he was received into the Catholic Church in Hamburg, on 27 January 1804, the day of his marriage to Elisabeth Charlotte Alberti.
After some time in Munster, where he was supported by Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, he taught at a Gymnasium in Nuremberg before becoming tutor to the young Prince Kinsky.
The Dancer of Marrakesh (French: La danseuse de Marrakech) is a 1949 French drama film directed by Léon Mathot and starring Yves Vincent, Katia Lova and Aimé Clariond.
Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre (2019), is a book by Kim A. Wagner and published by Yale University Press, that aims to dispel myths surrounding the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that took place in Amritsar, India, on 13 April 1919.
In the absence of any photographs of the event and with significant differences between British and Indian accounts of how many were killed and how and why it happened, Wagner examines primary sources to trace the events leading up to the massacre and then discusses its aftermath.
According to Wagner, the background to the massacre starts with the Indian rebellion of 1857 and the subsequent British fear of a recurrence.
Fearing another 1857, events in Amritsar unfolded into Indian political agitation, the arrest of two key Indian political leaders, and British panic.
Contrary to a number of widely held beliefs, Wagners research reveals an alternative number of how many were killed in the massacre, how many were found in the well and an account of why General Dyer acted as he did.
The author is Kim A. Wagner, who lectures on colonial India and the British Empire at Queen Mary, University of London.
The book has 360 pages, 26 black and white illustrations, four maps and 12 chapters preceded by an introduction and a section on acknowledgements.
In 1919, the continuing fear of a revolution led to the proposal of the suppressive Rowlatt Act which would give the British powers to quash any political agitation, and contradicted the simultaneous British promises with the Indian National Congress to give greater involvement to Indians in government.
Mahatma Gandhi responded by proposing that all Indians oppose the Act and make a Satyagraha pledge, a promise to resist without using violence.
On 10 April 1919, upon hearing of the arrests, a crowd of Indians issued a petition for the release of their leaders.
The crowd at Jallianwalla Bagh was composed of mainly men and many from out of town, making up to 20,000 people, who had mostly come to celebrate a religious festival.
Speeches focussed on the Rowlatt Act, the call to release the two arrested local Indian leaders, and effects on Indians of the First World War.
Instead, the British authorities imposed curfews, a crawling order and martial law and those suspected of being involved in the 10 April riots were arrested and tortured.
Using primary sources to gather evidence, Wagner has clarified that the book aims to dispel a number of myths surrounding the events of the massacre in Amritsar on 13 April 1919.
This Too Shall Pass () is the debut album by Israeli rapper Tuna, which released on August 6, 2015, by Israeli record label Anana.
He graduated with a Batchelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in 1981, and received his law degree from John Marshall Law School (Chicago) in 1985.
In August 2015, Voiland jailed a woman after a hearing in which Voiland said he didn’t believe her, though Malloy released the woman after her attorney argued that Voiland didn’t establish any legal basis for holding her or provide for her an alternative method to seek release.
Randy Koschnick, the district judge at the time but now the director of state courts, had to intervene at times in disputes between Malloy and Voiland, including in June 2016 after Malloy ordered Court Commissioner Barry Boline not to follow orders issued by Voiland.
Voiland, speaking to a state investigator two years later, said he didn’t feel safe in his office after that and considered having security cameras installed.
In 2018, Voilland contended that the courts and county had historically failed to provide funding for the obligation to conduct home studies in child custody cases.
The League of Women Voters, to whom Malloy refused to grant standing to intervene in the case, The Wisconsin Democracy Campaign, which was also denied standing by Malloy, has also filed suit in federal court to halt the contested purging.
Wisconsin's Attorney General Josh Kaul also file a notice of appeal to halt the purging, acting on behalf of the state's Elections Commission and requesting to stay of Malloy's order.
The report tagged 234,039 voters who may have moved to an address that had not yet been updated on their voter registration forms.
Despite thin evidence for removal of that extraordinary number of qualified voters, Wisconsin may be forced to comply with Malloy's order.
On January 2, 2010, WILL said it asked the circuit court to hold the Elections Commission in contempt, fining it up to $12,000 daily, until it advances Malloy’s December 17, 2019 order to purge from the voting rolls hundreds of thousands of registered voters who possibly have moved to a different address.
The case being litigated in a state appeals court, but it was thought that the conservative-dominated Wisconsin Supreme Court would be likely to hear it.
Ozaukee County is heavily Republican, having voted for a Democratic presidential candidate only once after 1936 when it voted for Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
The purge was felt to be targeting voters living in the cities of Madison, and Milwaukee, and college towns, which all exhibit Democratic voting strength.
Two of the three plaintiffs in the case heard by Malloy were significant contributors to state Republican party candidates' campaigns, including former state representative and senator, David W. Opitz.
The largest water retaining structure in Kenogami Lake, this dam constitutes the source of the Chicoutimi River, whose flow is totally dependent on it.
This natural corridor carved out by glaciation is a depression located between the elevation of Lac Jean-Deschênes that of the southern valley of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean or Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
As part of the main portage suite which links the Saguenay to Lac Saint-Jean, by Kenogami Lake and Chicoutimi River, Portage-des-Roches was borrowed by Father Jean Dequen in 1652.
In 2010, the Government of Quebec issued a call for tenders to improve the evacuation capacity of the spillway, raise the crest of the dam and replace wooden valves with steel valves with an independent system that can be controlled remotely.
Matt Campbell (born 29 September 1989) is a professional Canadian darts player from Hamilton, Ontario currently playing in the Professional Darts Corporation.
Campbell plays tournaments mainly in North America, in 2019 he won ADO Syracuse Open where he defeated Darin Young in the final.
On CDC Pro Tour he finished as the best Canadaian player and qualified for the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship .
He played Mark McGeeney of England in the first round, but he lost by three sets to one, averaging 88.33 in the match.
Lance A. Liotta (born July 12, 1947) is the Co-Director and Co-Founder of the Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) at George Mason University.
In 1985, he received the Rhoads Award (since renamed the Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cancer Research) from the American Association for Cancer Research.
Mohammad Reza Tarshati Tehrani (d. 1647), nicknamed Salim was an Iranian poet and one of the Persian-speaking poets of the Mughal Empire.
The lab facilities in the school include Composite Science Lab, Physics Lab, Chemistry Lab, Biology Lab, Maths Lab, Computer Science Lab, Home Science Lab.
The school’s sports facility is used for playing sports such as cricket, football, throwball, archery, long jump, basketball, table tennis, chess and carrom.
In 2019, the U-17 Girls Football team of the school made it to the Nationals by emerging as runners-up in South Zone-II at CBSE Nationals in Belagavi.
They were the only girls to represent the city at the CBSE National Football Tournament 2019-20 that was held on 9 November 2019.
On 17 June 2019, the school was recognised as a ‘Great Place to Study’ with a felicitation at the House of Commons, London.
The school was recognised for its progressive teaching-learning practices and received the recognition on the basis of the Student Satisfaction Index (SSI).
He was selected as the new commissioner for Economy in the Von der Leyen Commission, and resigned from the Chamber of Deputies on 2 December 2019.
The centre-left coalition nominated Roberto Gualtieri, former member of the European Parliament for the PD, and economy minister of the Conte II Cabinet.
The Five Star Movement, in an internal vote, nominated the engineer Luigi Napolitano, former candidate at the 2019 European election, but after his nomination he was accused by Neapolitan activists of being a close friend of Luigi Di Maio during the university.
The centre-right coalition confirmed the candidacy of Salvatore Guangi (FI), currently Vice-President of the City Council of Naples and former candidate in the same constituency during the 2018 general election.
The centre-left coalition reached an agreement with DemA, the party of Naples' mayor Luigi De Magistris, by nominating the journalist Sandro Ruotolo, former candidate for Civil Revolution during the 2013 Lazio regional election (running for president) and during the 2013 general election.
The left-wing party Power to the People chose to run with Professor Giuseppe Aragno, former candidate for the same party in the same constituency during the 2018 general election.
The by-election in the constituency of Terni will be held on 8 March to elect a senator for the seat left vacant by Donatella Tesei (Lega).
She was elected as the new governor of Umbria after the 2019 regional election, and resigned on 2 December from her Senate seat.
The 2019–20 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team represent the University of Louisiana at Monroe in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Warhawks, led by 10th-year head coach Keith Richard, play their home games at Fant–Ewing Coliseum in Monroe, Louisiana as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
In the Sun Belt Tournament, they defeated Appalachian State in the first round, Coastal Carolina in the second round, before falling to Georgia Southern in the quarterfinals.
They were invited to the CIT, where they defeated Kent State in the first round, before falling to Texas Southern in the quarterfinals.
Nippani (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
The 2001–02 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 102nd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his sixteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The estate was listed at $58 million (USD) and was purchased by the president of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev's youngest daughter Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva.
Featuring contemporary interiors that include formal and informal dining rooms, family room with lounge bar, library with leather panels all around, 90-foot art gallery, professional screening room, ball room and indoor pool.
The third floor of the residence boasts lavish amenities that include a chandelier-adorned balcony and his-and-her-bathrooms with a hidden stairwell leading to the 3,800-square-foot garden on top of the roof.
Misteryo sa Tuwa (English: Joyful Mystery) is a 1984 Philippine period drama and political thriller film directed by Abbo Q. Dela Cruz based on a story and screenplay by Madeleine Gallaga.
It sets in Lucban, Quezon in the 1950s where three men stole a suitcase from the plane crash site and never reported to the authorities and when the authorities approach to the town mayor to help find the suitcase, the latter made a vicious plan to steal the money for his greed.
It stars Tony Santos Sr., Johnny Delgado, Ronnie Lazaro, Amable Quiambao, Alicia Alonzo, Maria Montes, and Vangie Labalan in the film that tackles greed, corruption, and hatred.
As they discover the remnants, many things and dead passengers were scattered all over the area but everyone saw a lot of fortune items in the area where they stole it where they escaped lives of being poor.
Om the other hand, the three men Ponsoy, Mesiong, and Jamin steal a suitcase from the plane crash where they will not to report to the authorities.
By the time the authorities knew the knowledge of the suitcase being held by three men, the mayor and his men have made a lot of necessary measures to suppress the three men and take the suitcase full of money for their personal gains.
As the film progresses, the motivations of the characters were exposed one by one as they were continued to be victimized by torture, abuse, and violence.
The film was released by the Experimental Cinema of the Philippines on December 25, 1984 as part of the 1984 Metro Manila Film Festival.
The film was restored by the ABS-CBN Film Restoration through the Kantana Post-Production (Thailand) Co. Ltd. and L'Immagine Ritrovata for its film prints and Wildsound Studios for its color grading and audio restoration.
The film was scanned in 4K format resolution in L'Immagine Ritrovata in Bologna, Italy using the 35mm prints from the ABS-CBN Film Archives.
The image comparison of the movie was carried out using the five (5) Positive Prints, the only existing film materials, which already showed mild to severe type of decay.
Reconstruction for the best copies that were used for each reel was tediously performed to achieve the best quality for digital restoration.
The most drastically affected reels are R3, being the only copy available and R5 due to the advanced chemical decay and focus problems.
Other picture defects such as dust/dirt, patches, continuous patches, single frame scratches, flicker, stabilization, splice mark, bump, squeeze, gate hair, continuous dust, continuous line scratch, stains, mold, mis-light, vertical band, and color breathing were successfully fixed and removed by the restoration artists of Kantana Post-Production (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
The restored version was premiered on November 11, 2019 at the Ayala Malls Manila Bay as part of the Cinema One Originals film festival.
The premiere was attended by Vangie Labalan, film editor Jess Navarro, and the representatives of the cast and crew members of the film including Wanggo Gallaga (son of Peque and Madeleine Gallaga), Rose S. Alimon (daughter of Tony Santos Sr.), Teresita V. Dela Cruz (wife of the director), and Eduardo R. Meñez, the head of the Office of Strategic Communications and Research - Department of Foreign Affairs.
The hospital moved to a new purpose-built facility which was opened at 99-109 Heanor Road by Lord Belper in March 1894.
The hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948 and, after it became dilapidated, a new facility was built further north on the Heanor Road in 1987: the new facility was opened by Diana, Princess of Wales in December 1987.
Although of modest scale and ornament, it nevertheless is one of the town's more outstanding structures and the major one in the downtown area to display Classical details and proportions.
Situated at the end of Third Avenue, Payette's main street, it dominates the streetscape in the north end, and for many years served as a symbol of civic authority.
Further contributing to the building's significance is its having functioned for a number of years as a seat of local government.
The 1932 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 44th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 18 September 1932, Beara won the championship following a 2-02 to 1-01 defeat of Clonakilty in the final at the Mardyke.
The Rivière Pika is a freshwater tributary of the Pikauba River, flowing in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The upper part of the Pika River valley is accessible by route 169 (route d'Hébertville); other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Pika River is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.
Draining small lakes in the northern part of the Laurentides wildlife reserve, the Pika river, a small tributary of the left bank of the Pikauba river, flows over approximately 16.37 km from Little Pika lake and Pika Lake.
The film stars Jaggesh as an auto driver, Ranga, who tries to mend the broken relationship of his uncle with the help of Roopa by reuniting him with his stubborn wife who happens to be Roopa's mother.
The film marks the first collaboration of director H. Vasu with music director Rajesh Ramanath and second collaboration with Jaggesh and producer Sa Ra Govindaraju after Bhanda Alla Bahaddur which was released in the same year.
Syed Akbar Pasha Tirmizi () is a Pakistani translator for the English language and is a Advocate born in British India in 1944.
He grew up in early Pakistan and studied to become a lawyer/advocate once he had his LL.B, he went on to earn a M.A.
Syed Akbar Pasha has already translated the elegies of Josh Malihabadi from urdu into English in the form of verses under title *Unity of mankind*, besides this,he has translated in urdu the Dr Ali Shariati's books *Hajj*.
Syed Akbar Pasha Tirmizi has also translated in the form of english verses the encomium of Josh Malihabadi *Taloo-e-Fikr* under the title *Dawn of Rationality* and has also to his credit the translation of Dr Ali Shariati's book *yes brother that is the way it was* into urdu.
It is their second season playing in the third tier of American soccer and their second season playing in USL League One.
As a student she gave craft lessions to women in the local mining communities and, from 1934 to 1946, worked as a tutor for the National Council for Social Services and organised painting classes and exhibitions at the Pontypridd Settlement in south Wales.
There Grainger met Cedric Morris and, in 1942, she spent some time at his East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing.
From 1946 to 1950 she taught at Caerphilly Girls Grammer School, then with the Cardiff Education Authority until 1960 and then, from 1960 to 1975 at Cardiff College of Education.
She was the co-organiser of the art exhibition at the 1950 National Eisteddfod of Wales and also exhibited at the annual Eisteddfod throughout the 1950s.
Numerious solo shows included exhibitions at the Newport Museum and Art Gallery in 1954, at the Canaletto Gallery in 1968, a retrospective at the Minories in Colchester in 1973, at the National Library of Wales in 1975, the Oriel Gallery Cardiff during 1976 and at Manor House Fine Arts, also in Cardiff in 1990.
As well as the Arts Council of Wales, the National Museum Cardiff and the University of South Wales hold examples of Graingers' artworks.
Carolyn Salminen Konheim (born Carolyn Irene Salminen) (1938 – 2019) was an American environmental activist and consultant, based in New York.
Konheim was a mother of young children, living in New York City, when she became concerned about the city's air quality.
In the 1980s, she was a consultant in support of a trash incinerator projects in Brooklyn, Pennsauken, Kenosha, and other sites, reporting that harmful by-products like dioxin could be handled with the right technology, regulation, and oversight.
In the 1990s, Konheim was president of Women for Affirmative Action, a lobbying organization representing over four thousand woman-owned businesses in the New York metropolitan area.
The Pika Lake is a fresh body of water constituting the main head lake of the Pika River on the watershed of the Saguenay River.
Lac Pika is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Achouakan, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This small valley is served indirectly by the route 169 and some secondary roads for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Lake Pika is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Lake Pika has a length of in the shape of an inverted V, a width of and an altitude of .
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of Lake Audubon (coming from the northwest), the outlet (coming from the West) of Lakes Pluto, Neptune de l'Arsin and Ravine, as well as the outlet of Lake Riffon ( coming from the south).
The 1933 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 45th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 15 October 1933, Beara won the championship following a 2-05 to 0-04 defeat of Clonakilty in the final at Clonakilty.
She was runner-up at the 2017 Women's EBSA European Snooker Championship, winning the first frame of the final against Wendy Jans before losing the match 0–5.
Prysazhnuka and Tatjana Vasiljeva were runners-up in the 2016 Ladies European Team Snooker Championship, losing 1-4 to the Russia 1 team of Anastasia Nechaeva and Daria Sirotina in the final.
It includes lists of awards by the Association for Computing Machinery, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, other computer science and information science awards, and a list of computer science competitions.
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) gives out many computer science awards, often run by one of their Special Interest Groups.
A number of awards are given by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the IEEE Computer Society or the IEEE Information Theory Society.
Stanley Lovell was the second generation owner of Lovell Drugs succeeding his father, Edwin Arthur Lovell, and brother Everett Arthur Lovell.
The Lovell family's involvement in the drug store business began in 1909 and expansion to multiple locations in Eastern Ontario followed.
His children, Arthur Lovell and Diana Lovell Kirk continue to run the family business through the third generation making Lovell Drugs the oldest, independent drug store chain in Ontario.
Stanley Lovell was married to Wilma Curtie Down Lovell for 59 years and they have three children, Diana, Arthur, and Linda, that reside in Oshawa, Ontario.
The 1934 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 46th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 26 August 1934, Beara won the championship following a 2-06 to 2-03 defeat of Clonakilty in the final at Castletownbere.
William Poynton (born 30 June 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
Prisoner of Japan is a 1942 American drama film directed by Arthur Ripley and written by Robert Chapin and Arthur Ripley.
Engert was born to Dutch parents in Vienna of Dutch parentage, he came to the United States as a child, settling in Ferndale, California.
in 1909 and an M.Litt in 1910) and its Law School (1908-1911) and studied at Harvard before joining the diplomatic service in 1912.
In retirement, he worked on special missions for United Nations relief organizations, served as a World Bank representative and lectured around the world.
The 52 members of Parliament are elected from eight single-member constituencies and ten multi-member constituencies (of between two and seven seats) by single non-transferable vote.
In October 2019, a 'Vot Woman' campaign was launched, supporting all female candidates and calling for guaranteed 50% representation for women in parliament.
Gerald Wilson Graham (born 31 January 1941) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Peterborough United and Workington.
The RTE Studio bombing was a bomb attack carried out by the Ulster Loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in Dublin, Ireland.
In March and April 1969 the UVF and Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV) carried out a number of sabotage bombings and blamed them on the Irish Republican Army (IRA).
The bomb is believed to have been planted at the rear wall of the studio building and not much structural damage was done to the building, accept for the shattering of glass panels.
This was the start of a Loyalist campaign of bombings in the Republic of Ireland that would continue until the mid 1970s, with the deadliest being the Dublin and Monaghan bombings which killed 34.
Until then the Irish security forces believed the RTE bombing was the work of Irish republicans who had a grudge against RTE.
The UVF carried out two more bomb attacks in the Republic that year: on the Wolfe Tone memorial in Bodenstown, County Kildare on 31 October, and on 26 December on the Daniel O'Connell monument in Dublin.
On 18 February 1970 it bombed a 240-foot radio mast on Mongary Hill, near Raphoe, County Donegal, putting the transmitter out of action.
José Andrés Martínez Torres (born 7 August 1994) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club Philadelphia Union.
The lac Hocquart is a freswater body crossed by the Pika River on the watershed of the Pikauba River and the Saguenay River.
Lac Hocquart is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Achouakan, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lake Hocquart is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the Pika River (coming from the west), by the Gobeil stream (coming from the east) and by the outlet (coming from the south) of Lac Larivière.
After having been controller of the port of Rochefort, he came in 1729 to settle in Quebec (city), as authorizing commissioner and interim intendant of New France, in order to replace Claude -Thomas Dupuy; he was confirmed in his functions in 1731.
In about twenty years, Gilles Hocquart advanced settlement and agriculture, notably by granting seigneuries in the region of lac Champlain and in Nouvelle-Beauce.
He ensured the completion of chemin du Roi, on the left bank of St. Lawrence River, in addition to encouraging shipbuilding, export development, industrial production at Forges du Saint-Maurice, while maintaining a fairly good balance in public finances.
Returning to France in 1748, he was first, until 1763, steward of the port of Brest and, as such, he remained in contact with the colony by helping several Acadians deported to establishing themselves in France and ensuring the fitting out of ships bound for Quebec (city) during the Seven Years' War.
Gilles Hocquart was appointed State Councilor in 1764 and, until his death, he was entrusted with the stewardship of the Navy classes.
One of his main achievements was the construction of a depot at the Intendant's palace in Quebec (city), where all of the colony's timed registers and documents are stored.
Despite the refusal of the king of France, Gilles Hocquart arranged for this place to keep the official documents of the colony in a safe place.
Several historians of French Canada emphasize that his stubbornness in front of the king would have made it possible to preserve a substantial part of the archives written in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries.
Brian Leslie Macready (25 March 1942–2017) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and West Bromwich Albion.
Claudine at School (French: Claudine à l'école) is a 1937 French comedy film directed by Serge de Poligny and starring Max Dearly, Pierre Brasseur and Suzet Maïs.
Alok Kumar Chaurasiya is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Daltanganj block of Jharkhand state as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party 2019.
A Rubber Band Christmas is a 1996 instrumental Christmas novelty album featuring traditional and popular Christmas songs played entirely on rubber bands, staplers and other office equipment.
The album came about when two artists, Jeff St. Pierre and Philip Antoniades, found themselves bored one evening at the office and began creating Christmas music out of rubber bands, staplers, tape and other office supplies to hand.
The album's fourteen tracks typically feature a rubber band twanging out the melody, while a ruler struck at different lengths adds a bass accompaniment.
Jordan Oguntayo (born 8 January 2009) is an English-Nigerian child model famous for casting as a fashion model for Calvin Klein, Burberry,Tommy Hilfiger, Ted Baker,Zara,Mango,and Marks & Spencer.
Oguntayo was born on 8 January 2009 in the United Kingdom to a British mother Margaret Adeoye and his father Temitope Oguntayo.
In 2018, he modeled for several worldwide fashion designers and companies, including Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, Mango, Marks & Spencer, Primark, and Amazon.
Henry Middleton (born 18 March 1937) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Portsmouth, Scunthorpe United, Shrewsbury Town, Walsall and Wolverhampton Wanderers.
The men's 5000 metres at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 13 November (T54) and 14 November 2019 (T11 and T13).
The President is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held.
The 127 members of the National Assmebly are elected by proportional representation; 111 are elected from 45 multi-member constituencies with between two and nine seats, with 16 elected from a single nationwide constituency.
The 1927 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 39th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 23 October 1927, University College Cork won the championship following a 3-03 to 1-00 defeat of Macroom in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
A member of the Eritrean Liberation Front who fought against the Ethiopian government, Khaal also lived in Libya for many years before moving to Denmark.
Miles was elected a Conservative MP for Bristol at the 1837 general election and held the seat until 1852 when he did not seek re-election.
Priyanka nalkari better known as Priyanka is an Indian film television actress and anchor who worked in many Telugu and Tamil films in a guest role.
Joseph Verrengia (born February 9, 1964) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 20th district since 2011.
The season featured 10 teams, including four new teams from the previous season; Stirling Knights, Dunfermline Reign, Glasgow University and the second team of BBL side Glasgow Rocks joined the league.
According to Syrian Kurdish officials, the deal allowed Syrian government forces to take over security in some border areas, but their own administration would maintain control of local institutions.
Syrian troops entered some key towns in northeastern Syria, including Manbij, Tell Tamer, Kobanî, and Ayn Issa, and took up position in some areas to oppose Turkish troops that were threatening various Kurdish forces.
The developments led to Kurdish concern that the independence of their declared Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES) in Rojava might be severely curtailed.
On 15 October, Russian forces began patrolling along the contact line between Turkish and Syrian government forces in northeast Syria, filling the security vacuum created by the sudden U.S. withdrawal.
Alexander Lavrentiev, Russia's special envoy on Syria, warned that the Turkish offensive into Syria was unacceptable and stated that Russia was seeking to prevent conflict between Turkish and Syrian troops.
Russia and Turkey made an agreement via the Sochi Agreement of 2019 to set up a Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone.
Syrian President Assad expressed full support for the deal, as various terms of the agreement also applied to the Syrian government.
Following the creation of the Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone the SDF stated that it was ready to merge with the Syrian Army if when a political settlement between the Syrian government and the SDF is achieved.
On 20 November 2019, a new Syrian Constitutional Committee, with about 150 members, began discussing a new settlement and to draft a new constitution for Syria.
The committee includes representatives of the Syrian government, opposition groups, and countries serving as guarantors of the process such as Russia.
On 24 November, pro-government forces launched a new Idlib offensive, the largest offensive by the Syrian government in Idlib in more than three months.
This was criticized by the United States and U.S. President Donald Trump issued a warning against violence against civilians in Idlib.
A new international issue emerged when Syrian forces reached the area of various Turkish outposts, and Erdogan said that Turkish forces would not withdraw from any position.
It appeared that Turkey was withdrawing all of its forces away from the al-Shirkark silos, which hold important supplies of wheat, this seemed to be a result of Russian mediation.
Russia said it would pledge to remove Turkish forces from a key highway in northern Syria, and replace them with Russian forces to maintain stability.
They have also appointed about 4,000 police officers and other local officials, and are providing some basic local services for citizens.
Erdogan said that Turkey expects to resettle about 1 million refugees in that a rea, and called for more support from the EU and from world organizations.
Erdogan claimed that Turkey had spent billions on approximately five million refugees now being housed in Turkey; and called for more funding from wealthier nations and from the EU.
SDF Commander Mazlum Abdi called on the US and Russia to help stop Turkey from displacing entire communities and ethnic groups from the areas that it controls.
Erdogan stated that Turkey was ready to resettle the Syrian refugees in the northern area that Turkey had invaded, and that Turkey would pay for it if necessary.
On 9 December 2019, various local accounts indicated that Turkey was moving Syrian refugees into its zone of operations in Northern Syria for the first time.
Erdogan said that Turkey was working to settle one million people in the cities of Tal Abyad and Ras Al-Ain in northern Syria.
This has led to fears of population change Erdogan claimed that Turkey had spent billions on approximately five million refugees now being housed in Turkey; and also asserted that wealthier nations had done little to address the situation.
On December 30, 2019, over 50 Syrian refugees, including 27 children, were welcomed in Ireland, where they started afresh in their new temporary homes at the Mosney Accommodation Centre in Co Meath.
China and Russia oppose the draft resolution that seeks to re-authorize crossing points in Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan; China and Russia, as allies of Assad, seek to close the two crossing points in Iraq and Jordan, and to leave only the two crossing points in Turkey active.
All of the ten individuals representing the non-permanent members of the Security Council stood in the corridor outside of the chamber speaking to the press to state that all four crossing points are crucial and must be renewed.
United Nations official Mark Lowcock is asking the UN to re-authorize cross-border aid to enable aid to continue to reach refugees in Syria.
He noted that four million refugees out of the over eleven million refugees who need assistance are being reached through four specific international crossing points.
Erdogan claimed that Turkey had spent billions on approximately five million refugees now being housed in Turkey; and called for more funding from wealthier nations and from the EU.
In addition to efforts by the Russian government, several Russian companies have begun to take leading roles in economic rebuilding projects as well.
Additionally, Syrian Kurdish officials have had some positive discussions with the Assad government, and with local countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE and Jordan.
The Russian government has informed the Kurdish factions that they should reconcile and come up with a unified set of demands to clarify to Russia.
The national Syrian government sent representatives to northeast Syria to meet with local groups there in order to address their concerns and to emphasize unity and combined effort to address problems.
A meeting occurred in Qamishli city, in northeast Syria, that included Syrian national officials, and delegates from Kurdish, Arab, and Syrian figures and forces.
Some reports indicated that meetings between officials of the Assad government and leaders of local political factions went well, and all parties agreed on common goals to improve Syrian society as a whole.
Luqman Ehmê, spokesman for the North East Syria Autonomous Administration, said that his organization was ready for positive discussions with the Syrian regime.
SDF General Commander Mazlum Abdi has met with local leaders of the Wise Committee, which is composed of leaders of local communities and local family groupings.
The M4 road to Aleppo was set to reopen, based on an agreement mediated by Russia with Turkey, Turkey's allies in Syria, and the SDF.
It was reported that the Russian and Turkish armies had made a deal whereby electricity would be supplied to Tal Abyad by Russia's allies, the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) who now support Assad; while water would be supplied by the Alouk water station that is controlled by Turkish forces.
Experts also said that Bashar Assad had made progress in restoring rule by local councils in areas affected by the conflict.
In December 2019, the EU held an international conference which condemned any suppression of the Kurds, and called for the self-declared Automnomous Administration in Rojava to be preserved and to be reflected in any new Syrian Constitution.
The Kurds are concerned that the independence of their declared Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES) in Rojava might be severely curtailed.
The United States announced it will pass major new sanctions against Syria and Russia, as well as Iran, reportedly due to alleged war crimes committed during the civil war.
Some critics noted that these punitive sanctions are likely to backfire or have unintended consequences; i.e., instead of impeding or curtailing the Syrian government, it will increase its authority, as ordinary Syrian people will now have less economic resources due to these sanctions, and will need to rely on the Syrian government and its economic allies and projects even more.
Critics said that such economic sanctions have little realistic chance of promoting real reform and democracy; their impact on the political ruling class will be limited, while they will likely affect ordinary Syrians disproportionately.
It seems that the US, having failed to change the regime in Syria by military force or by proxies, is tightening the economic screws and the main reason why the US is keeping hold of the production facilities in eastern Syria.
In the Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration in Northern and Eastern Syrian (NES) of Rojava, Kurdish opposition parties have refused to re-open their offices.
Meanwhile, officials of the NES held meetings with local Arab leaders, who stated that Kurdish forces are unfairly detaining women and children from their communities.
At the NATO summit in London in December 2019, President Emmanuel Macron of France highlighted major differences with Turkey over the definition of terrorism, and said there was little chance this aspect of the conflict could be resolved positively.
Turkey proposed a safe zone where Syrian refugees could be relocated, but this idea did not receive support from all parties.
Prior to the NATO Summit, there was a meeting at 10 Downing Street of the leaders of France, the UK, Germany and Turkey.
Erdogan claimed that a four-way summit on Syria was scheduled to occur in Turkey in February 2020, to include Turkey, Germany, the UK and France.
At a meeting in Damascus, Russian and Syrian officials clearly stated their support for Syria regaining control over all of its territory.
The parties reported that they reached some important understandings at this meeting, including affirming a commitment to work together to respect Syrian territorial integrity.
At the Astana Process meeting in December 2019, a UN official stated that in order for the third round of talks to proceed, co-chairs from the Assad regime and the opposition need to agree on an agenda.
It is unclear if the third round of talks will proceed on a firm schedule, until the Assad regime provides its assent to participate.
They have stipulated two pre-conditions for doing so; firstly, that Syria distance itself from Iran, and, secondly that Syria implement UN Security Council resolution 2254, which calls for the a process to reform the Syrian Constitution, and then to hold an election to end the Syrian conflict.
The 1990 Citibank Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1990 ATP Tour.
The Otaman 6x6 is a armoured fighting vehicle produced by the ukraine manufacturer NGO Practika and presented for the first time at the Indian Defexpo in 2016, followed by the Otaman 8x8 in the Arms and Security Exhibition held in Kiev in 2017.
This AFV can also be used as a APC ( armored personnel carrier ), IFV ( infantry fighting vehicles ) and also an ambulance.
It is a very agile APC such as the BTR-80 but with more firepower, thanks to the 122 mm howitzer that he has as the primary armament.
This deadly gun has an operational range of about 10–15 km max and can also heavily damage tanks while moving with precision, that's why it's also used as a Tank destroyer.
It is armed with a russian 122 mm self-propelled 2A18 howitzer as the primary weapon, as the secondary weapon instead has a 30mm ZTM-1 (2A72) cannon with 400 rounds or a 14,5 mm heavy machine gun.
The Apica River is a freshwater tributary of the Pikauba River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Visitors can admire the panorama from a rest area located a few kilometers north of the route 169 bridge over it.
This river turns out to be the outlet of a series of small aligned lakes, located to the south, Lake Micoine constituting its head.
The lake of the same name is located to the southwest of Mount-Apica; however, this lake is integrated into the watershed of the rivière aux Écorces.
The upper part of the Apica valley is accessible by the route 169 (route d'Iberville); other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Apica River is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.
The Apica River intersects the route 169 connecting Quebec (city) to Lac Saint-Jean, halfway between Jacques-Cartier Lake and the northwest limit of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
From the confluence of the Apica river with the Pikauba River, the current descends successively the Pikauba river on to the northeast, then the current crosses the Kenogami Lake on north-east to Barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on to the east, then the northeast, and the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 25 and UHF channel 25, moving to channel 31 as part of the spectrum repack, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 LATV Holdings Inc.
After the 2016 parliamentary election conservative faction of the DEMOS led by Danilović defected the party and formed new political subject United Montenegro, represented by 2 MPs in the Parliament of Montenegro.
As more Catholics settled in the area, a traveling priest John A. Beshel, the Chaplain of the Nazareth Orphanage, occasionally celebrated mass in the living room of the home of the Bolus family, using a closet as a confessional.
In 1938 St. Peter's Chapel, a Railroad chapel car built by the Catholic Extension Society of Chicago in 1892, was given to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh to use as a house of worship for Catholics in Wake Forest.
The train car, which included a bedroom and kitchen for the priest, an altar, and sixty seats for congregants, was parked at the Seaboard Railroad by Bishop Eugene J. McGuinness, and was used until February of 1940.
In the 1930s Biship McGuinness' cousin, the papal countess Katherine E. Price, visited Wake Forest and was surprised that the college town did not have a Catholic Church.
The church was dedicated by Bishop McGuinness on February 25, 1940 and named after Catherine of Siena, the patron saint of Price.
He made Wake Forest the headquarters of the Missionary Fathers from a mobile trailer-chapel called Madonna of the Highways, located near St. Catherine's.
The trailer was dedicated on May 6, 1948 by the Apostolic Delegate Amleto Giovanni Cicognani at the annual convention of the North Carolina Catholic Laymen Association in Wilmington.
On August 14, 1966 a transport tractor trailer struck a power pole and trees along the front side of the church.
A large marble statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was knocked into the church, destroying part of the south wall, foundation, and interior of part of the church.
In May 1987 the pastoral administrative duties were granted to Sister Joanne DiGiovanni of the Sisters of Mercy until a new priest was hired in July of that year.
In 1988 the church purchased 18.625 acres of land near West Holding Avenue for $172,212.50 in order to build a larger facility.
In 2001 St. Catherine's purchased over 20 acres of land west of new property for $800,000, building a new school buildings.
In 2009 the church hired the architect Jim O’Brien and Clancy & Theys construction company to build a 33,000 square foot church in the Romanesque style, with seating for 1,700 people.
The 2018 Castle Point Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Castle Point Borough Council in England.
The 2020 Campeonato Nacional, known as Campeonato Nacional AFP PlanVital 2020 for sponsorship reasons, is the 90th season of top-flight football in Chile.
For this season, and given that the previous season was declared as concluded with no relegations to the Primera B, the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP) approved an expansion of the first tier to 18 teams, with two teams promoted from the second tier joining the 16 teams that competed in the top flight in 2019.
Qualification for the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana will be awarded to the top seven teams at the end of the season, as well as the Copa Chile champions who will qualify for the Copa Libertadores.
Since there were no relegated teams in the previous season, in this season three teams will be relegated to the second tier: the last-placed team in the standings of the 2020 season, the last-placed team in a relegation table which will be elaborated considering the performance in both the 2019 and 2020 seasons, and the losers of a play-off between the teams placed second-to-last of both tables.
Eighteen teams will take part in the league in this season: the sixteen teams from the previous season, plus the 2019 Primera B champions Santiago Wanderers and Deportes La Serena, winners of the Primera B promotion play-offs.
For this season, a weighted table will be elaborated by computing an average of the points earned per game over this season and the previous one, with the average of points earned in the 2019 season weighted by 60% and the average of points earned in the 2020 season weighted by 40%.
The team placed last in this table at the end of the season will be relegated, while the team placed second-to-last will qualify for the relegation play-off.
Erin Wysocki-Jones (born 5 August 1992) is a British Paralympic rower who is a double World champion in the mixed coxed four.
He was called up to play for Black Meteors (Ghana U-23) on 3rd March 2019 after he made a call to play for the Ghana national under-20 football team.
On the following day, he announced the single via a trailer he uploaded to YouTube that shows him walking through an abandoned gas station.
In the video, it portrays Bieber with pink hair at a dinner party in a fancy restaurant, eating various colorful food items with the guests.
The video garnered 8.4 million views in its first 24 hours, becoming his second biggest 24-hour debut on the platform out of his 5 lead singles.
It also debuted in the top 20 of other European countries, going number 7 in the Netherlands, number 10 in Italy and number 15 in Germany.
It mentions many Washington metropolitan area specific sites including the Blue Ridge Mountains, Chesapeake Bay, Georgetown, Tidal Basin, and the United States Capitol dome.
Giedrė Rakauskaitė (born 13 June 1991 in Kaunas) is a British Paralympic rower who is a double World champion in the mixed coxed four.
As its original, SICP JS focuses on discovering general patterns for solving specific problems, and building software systems that make use of those patterns.
While the book focuses on principles, models and abstractions for programming rather than specific programming languages, all examples in the original version are written in the programming language Scheme.
It comprises the languages Source §1, Source §2, Source §3 and Source §4, corresponding to the respective chapters of SICP JS.
These languages are implemented by the Source Academy, a web-based programming environment that features various tools to support the reader of SICP JS.
Gregory J. Pope (November 27, 1926 – May 1976) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1965 to 1970.
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization was the another major group in the parliamentary group with some 30 seats, according to Wilfried Buchta.
The group was supportive of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and endorsed Mohammad Khatami in his successful bid for 1997 Iranian presidential election, before declaring their support for candidacy of Mir-Hossein Mousavi.
However, no specific budget was set aside for setting the university, and the budget was to come out of the general animal husbandry budget.
The university was formed by transferring two colleges, Bihar Veterinary College and Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Dairy Technology, from Bihar Agricultural University, as well as six other institutes transferred from Bihar Agricultural University and Rajendra Agricultural University.
The university became operational in June 2017 with the appointment of its first Vice-Chancellor, Rameshwar Singh, one of four state universities and six private universities established in Bihar in 2017–2018.
The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and diploma degrees in three fields, veterinary science & animal husbandry, dairy technology, and fisheries management.
The women's 1500 metres at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 10, 11, 14 and 15 November 2019.
He was one of the founders of centre-left Social Democratic Party of Montenegro (SDP CG) in 1993 and long-term president of the Party (1993–2002).
He was the first Chinese Indonesian sportsman to compete at the Olympic Games, when he took part in 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, the first Olympics attended by Indonesia.
The property is said to have belonged to Thomas Gordon, known as Tam o Riven (or Ruthven), a character for whom it is difficult to sort fact from legend.
For this song both the lyricist Majrooh Sultanpuri and the music composer-duo Laxmikant–Pyarelal received Filmfare Awards in the categories of best lyrics, and best music composition respectively.
Lac Mitchell is a freshwater body from the watershed of the Apica River, the Pikauba River and Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lake Mitchell is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by riparian streams, by the outlet (coming from the south-east) from Lake Micoine and by the outlet (coming from the south) from the lakes of Groseillers and La Fourmillière.
This lake has an appendix of stretching towards the south, forming a peninsula extending towards the north, which comprises a mountain whose summit reaches .
Currently, female legislators make 17% (13 seats) in the parliament, which is the record large number since democratic elections in 1990.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1989 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
Andrew Muir is a Northern Irish politician who is an Alliance Party Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for North Down.
He was appointed as an MLA following incumbent Alliance MLA Stephen Farry's election as MP for North Down in the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
During the 1688 Glorious Revolution the Foot Guards under their commanding officer William Dorrington stayed loyal to James II, and fought on the Jacobite side in the Williamite War in Ireland.
After the 1697 Peace of Ryswick and the formal disestablishment of James’s army in exile, the Foot Guards were immediately reconstituted in French service as Dorrington’s Regiment, retaining their red coats and Saint George's Cross standard.
Renamed the Regiment Roth after a subsequent colonel, Michael Roth, and later still as the Regiment Walsh, the regiment did not formally disband until 1791.
The remainder of the 7,500-strong army formed in Ireland at this point was not formally regimented until the 1670s, and contained many Cromwellian veterans.
Leading Royalist James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond was given the commission to raise the regiment and authority to appoint junior officers; the experienced Anglo-Irish soldier Sir William Flower was made lieutenant-colonel, while Ormonde’s son Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran was gazetted colonel, with captaincy of a company.
Under Arran, the Guards were employed largely on peacetime duties in Ireland: they were used to suppress a mutiny by other regiments in Carrickfergus in 1666, while in 1673 two companies were ordered to Chester and saw service on board ship during the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
For the first twenty years of its history the regiment was almost exclusively Protestant, with most of its officers drawn from the Irish Protestant gentry.
Dorrington continued reforming the regiment, though Clarendon criticised him for recruiting at the Catholic shrine St James's Well, feeling it would harm relations with the Catholic community.
Arran died in 1686 and his nephew James, Lord Ossory, later the 2nd Duke of Ormonde was briefly made colonel of the Guards: at the time of the Glorious Revolution, Ormonde switched his allegiance to William of Orange.
He was replaced as colonel by Dorrington and the majority of the regiment stayed loyal to James, although one of its two battalions, sent to England immediately prior to William's landing, was taken prisoner.
The Guards subsequently fought on the Jacobite side in the War in Ireland, including at the Siege of Derry, the Battle of the Boyne and at Aughrim, where their lieutenant-colonel William Mansfield Barker was killed.
The terms of the Peace of Ryswick included the disbandment of James’s former army, but the same day as the Guards regiment was broken up, 27 February 1698, it was immediately reconstituted as Dorrington's Regiment in the French Army.
Dorrington ended his active service in c.1710 and died in 1718; Michael Roth, who had begun service with the Foot Guards as a lieutenant in 1686, became colonel, followed by his son Charles Edward, Comte de Roth, in 1733.
Between 1766 and 1770 the regiment’s colonel was the 9th Earl of Roscommon; its last colonel was Antoine Walsh, also known as the Comte de Walsh-Serrant.
The latter, today based in Clermont-Ferrand, is considered the last French regiment to descend directly from the regiments of the Irish Brigade.
Its colours, a Saint George's Cross with a central crown surmounted with a crowned lion, reflected its original status as a Guards regiment of the King of England.
The twelve-track project features collaborations with the album's executive producer, Mach-Hommy as well as MF DOOM, Tha God Fahim and Matisyahu.
St Maurice's Church () is a Roman Catholic church building located on Place Arnold in the Neustadt district of Strasbourg, France.
The church was designed by architect Ludwig Becker from Mainz, whose preliminary draft was selected during an architectural competition in 1893.
On 21 February 2013, the church was vandalised by a man who damaged about fifteen statues and laid an Islamic prayer rug and a Qur'an which he had stolen in a mosque.
The tall and thin bell tower of St Maurice is 65 meters high and was placed in the several-kilometer-long perspective of Avenue des Vosges and Avenue de la Forêt-Noire which connect Place de Haguenau to Place Arnold.
The main altar shows the life of St. Maurice, while the upper crucifix is surrounded by representations of St. Mary and St. John.
Her father, the merchant Wilhelm Freiherr von Mirbach (1858-1914) was a brother of the Prussian lieutenant general and court official Ernst von Mirbach (1844-1925).
Through her mother Carmen Laura, née von Bary (1876-1938), Maimi von Mirbach was directly related to Cornelio Saavedra, the first president of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
In 1914, the family had to leave Belgium within 24 hours of the beginning of the First World War, moving to Potsdam.
She abhorred the racial ideology of the Nazis and, as a cellist, continued to cultivate numerous contacts with Jewish musicians, even though this repeatedly put her in danger.
Hirschfeld, chairman of the Potsdam Labor Court for six years from 1927, was arrested after Kristallnacht and remained in Potsdam police prison for three weeks.
In August 1942, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp and finally deported to Auschwitz, after which it is unknown what happened to him.
At the end of 1941 she accepted the former music student Gisela Distler-Brendel, a pupil of the composer and piano teacher Ilse Fromm-Michaels, as a lodger.
Maimi von Mirbach kept this relationship secret from the authorities, and was thus guilty of racial disgrace under the Nuremberg Laws.
After 1945, Maimi von Mirbach was subjected to many humiliations and restrictions in the Soviet occupation zone and in the early days of the GDR.
In 2005, the Potsdam Administrative Court dismissed an action brought by Maimi von Mirbach's heirs against the reassignment to Hirschfeld's daughter Aenne Dorothy Scott of the property in Klein Glienicke lawfully acquired by Fritz Hirschfeld and expropriated by the GDR.
The women's 800 metres at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 8, 11, and 14 November 2019.
Mirjalal Ghaffarzadeh Mansour (, 10 January 1930 – 11 November 2012) more known as Jalal Mansouri () was an Iranian weightlifter.
According to 2011 Census of India the population of the village is 1,336, in which 742 are males and 594 are females.
The Canon EOS 5000 (sold in Asian countries as the EOS 888) was an entry-level 35mm autofocus single-lens reflex camera marketed by Canon in January 1995.
The camera was introduced as a low-end camera for the European market, and was not sold in Japan or the Americas.
Unlike most Canon EOS cameras, the EOS 5000 is primarily controlled by a single dial on the top of the camera.
Along with renamed versions for different markets, a QD version which could print the date or time the photograph was taken was available.
He’s helped to package, finance, market, and distribute 15 films to date, generally receiving the title of executive producer for his role as a producer’s rep.
He has written three books to date (most notably a guide to the American Film Market and a macroeconomic study of the film industry), co-founded a film oriented project management company called ProductionNext, and is also known as a blogger, and event organizer.
Ben has spoken at many conferences including the Seattle Film Summit, The Dona Ana Arts Council, and various in person events in and around San Francisco.
He has also appeared on many podcasts, including The Lean Startup Podcast, the Indie Film Hustle Podcast, the Making Movies is Hard Podcast, and the Nancy Fulton Podcast.
Ben also heads the blogs for Guerrilla Rep Media which focuses primarily on the business of the film industry and serves as editor for the ProductionNext blog which focuses more on production and general critique of the film industry.
The species was first described in 2019, found growing endemicly on two table mountains in the Kounounkan Forest Reserve near Moussaya, Forécariah, Guinea, West Africa.
It was named as one of Kew Gardens Top 10 plants discovered in 2019 and has been assessed as potentially critically endangered.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1990 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1990 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
She became interested in space as a child, when her father told her about the Apollo astronauts as they gazed at the moon while on Redcar beach.
One of her physics teachers was rumoured to be biased against girls, and despite Haswell achieving the highest grades possible in her A-level exams, refused to write her a reference to study physics at university.
She eventually studied mathematics at the University of Oxford, but wanted to apply mathematics to the real world and became tired of abstract proofs.
Haswell eventually spoke to Donald Blackwell who helped her transfer courses, and enrolled on a physics degree at University College, Oxford.
During her time as an undergraduate student, Haswell was President of the Oxford University Astronomical Society and rowed in the Summer Eights.
Since 1999, she has been at the Open University, at first still working working on black holes and accreting binary stars and switching to exoplanet research in 2003.
Early work on exoplanets was not well funded, and Haswell has spoken about using second hand Canon camera lenses to make suitable telescopes.
In 2018 Haswell was part of the team that was first to identify a planet around Barnard's Star, the closest single (non-binary) star to Earth, a red dwarf star that is six light years away from Earth.
In 2019 Haswell used the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) to discover six extraordinarily hot exoplanets (with surface temperatures between 1100 and 1800 °C).
At temperatures this high the atmosphere and surface levels of the planet can be lost, and the materials disperse into a thin sheet of gas.
The gas filters the light from nearby stars, which allowed Haswell and colleagues to study the chemical composition of the atmosphere of the gas sheet.
Haswell has proposed that these planets could be used to understand the geology of the rocky planets in Earth's solar system.
She is part of the team for CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS), which will examine known exoplanets to improve our understanding of their sizes.
She regularly provides expert opinion to the national media and is involved with various outreach programmes through the International Astronomical Union.
Haswell was awarded the Open University Outreach and Public Engagement Award for her work targeted at people with low science capital in Teesside.
Countess Marie Immaculata Brandisová, also known as Lata Brandisová or Lata von Brandis, (26 June 1895 – 12 May 1981) was a Czech equestrian and the only woman to win the Great Pardubice Steeplechase.
Her victory over the Nazi officers at the 1937 race, seen as a symbol of Czech resistance against Nazi Germany, was celebrated with parades attended by thousands of people.
Brandisová was born on 26 June 1895 at Schäffer Castle in Úmonín, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic) to Count Leopold von Brandis and Johanna von Schäffer.
Her paternal grandmother, Countess Barbara Kinská, was the sister of Count Oktavian Kinsky, who was one of the founders of the Great Pardubice Steeplechase.
In 1926 her cousin Count Zdenko Radslav Kinský, a nephew of Oktavian, invited her to Orlík Castle to breed Kinsky horses for hurdle racing.
Her enlistment in the race caused controversy, and she was faced with protests as the race was seen as too dangerous for a woman.
The Jockey Club decided that she would be allowed to race, following advice from the Royal Jockey Club in Great Britain.
The Great Pardubice of 1927 was the first time a woman raced, and the first time a French rider raced (Count Alexandre de la Forest).
Over 40,000 people attended the race, hoping to see a Czech jockey defeat the Germans, who had been consecutive champions in the Great Pardubice over the last few years.
During the war, she joined the Czech Resistance, providing food for resistance fighters and tending to wounded soldiers during the Liberation of Prague.
After the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1948, she and her sisters moved into cottage in the woods, where they lived in relative poverty throughout the Communist regime.
The 2020 National League 2, also known as the 2020 MPT Myanmar National League 2, is the 8th season of the MNL-2, the second division league for association football clubs since its founding in 2012.
John Mulaney & the Sack Lunch Bunch is a children's musical comedy special created by John Mulaney that debuted on Netflix on December 24, 2019.
The special consists of several songs, skits, and activities interspersed with scripted segments of Mulaney chatting with the Bunch as well as unscripted interviews with both the children and the adult guest stars about their greatest fears and acting background.
Jake, ostensibly in character as a younger version of Mulaney, sings a song about his grandmother's boyfriend Paul and his many quirks, while wondering why the rest of his family hasn't accepted Paul.
The Tutor performs an elaborate Dixieland-style jazz number about how not knowing math caused him to lose his eye - however, it turns out to be a shaggy dog story, with his eye being unexpectedly saved at the last minute, and he reveals afterwards that he had simply lost his eye by accident while performing the song.
Mulaney and Tyler play a chess game and continually try to throw one another off with existential questions and absurd facts.
Actor Richard Kind has an unscripted discussion with Ava, Cordelia, and Camille about movies, his career, and their experiences in plays.
While Mulaney asks about the Bunch's top New York moments, Alex recalls a time he was in New York and saw a woman (Annaleigh Ashford) crying on the street.
He wonders in song about what would happen if he had gone up to her and asked what was wrong, and imagines the friendship they may have shared if he had done so.
However Mr. Music, having failed to prepare for his segment, grows increasingly exasperated as the objects around the studio he tries to use as examples fail to make any sound.
The men's 800 metres at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 7, 9, 12 and 15 November 2019.
Chanelle received another formal and final warning on Day 13 following an argument with Kayleigh her behaviour was deemed as threatening.
Due to unacceptable behaviour from multiple housemates on Day 20, the housemates were told that they would all face the fourth eviction, however Chanelle survived this on Day 25, receiving just 4.71% of the public vote to evict.
She survived a backdoor eviction in the early hours of Day 40, and was later saved from eviction by her fellow housemates during the eviction show later that day.
Chanelle made a brief return to the house on Day 51 during a task which saw Deborah and Kieran participate in a fake wedding.
Due to unacceptable behaviour from multiple housemates on Day 20, the housemates were told that they would all face the fourth eviction.
This ultimately led to her eviction on Day 50, when she left through the backdoor after receiving the most votes to evict.
Deborah was automatically nominated for the fourth eviction after housemates were told they would all face eviction as punishment for their behaviour.
Ellie was automatically nominated for the fourth eviction after housemates were told they would all face eviction as punishment for their behaviour.
Hannah Agboola, aged 23, is a make-up store host from London but was born in Nigeria, and is the current reigning Miss Nigeria UK.
She survived this eviction on Day 18, but on Day 20, she was nominated once more, this time to face the fourth eviction.
Hannah survived this eviction on Day 47, but was then chosen along with Tom by her fellow housemates to be evicted through the backdoor.
On Day 52, Hannah was evicted through the backdoor, just two days before the final after receiving only 0.59% of the overall final vote to win.
He grew up in a strict Muslim family, so his relationship with Sukhvinder, who is a Sikh, was frowned upon, so they married in secret at the age of 17.
Imran made a brief return to the house on Day 51 during a task which saw Deborah and Kieran participate in a fake wedding.
She entered the house on Day 16 during a dating task, where Chanelle, Lotan and Kieran were able to choose which of three hopefuls would become official housemates.
She survived a backdoor eviction in the early hours of Day 40, and then again later on that day during the eviction show with the fewest votes to evict.
Joe was automatically nominated for the fourth eviction after housemates were told they would all face eviction as punishment for their behaviour.
Due to unacceptable behaviour from multiple housemates on Day 20, the housemates were told that they would all face the fourth eviction.
He survived this on Day 47, but was evicted on Day 52 through the backdoor after receiving only 1.52% of the overall final vote to win.
On Day 12, he survived this eviction, and was granted immunity from the next eviction by VIP house guest Nicola McLean.
Raph was automatically nominated for the fourth eviction after housemates were told they would all face eviction as punishment for their behaviour.
He survived this eviction on Day 25 after receiving 0.8% of the public vote to evict, the least out of all eleven housemates facing eviction.
She survived this eviction on Day 5, but was then nominated on Day 8 by her fellow housemates to face the second eviction.
She was then nominated for the third week in a row on Day 15, and on Day 18 she became the third housemate to be evicted after receiving the fewest votes.
Rebecca made a brief return to the house on Day 51 during a task which saw Deborah and Kieran participate in a fake wedding.
She entered the house on Day 16 during a dating task, where Chanelle, Lotan and Kieran were able to choose which of three hopefuls would become official housemates.
Savannah was automatically nominated for the fourth eviction after housemates were told they would all face eviction as punishment for their behaviour.
Despite surviving the backdoor eviction in the early hours of Day 40, Sue was later evicted during the eviction show that day after failing to be saved by her fellow housemates.
Sue made a brief return to the house on Day 51 during a task which saw Deborah and Kieran participate in a fake wedding.
She grew up in a strict Sikh family, so her relationship with Imran, who is a Muslim, was frowned upon, so they married in secret at the age of 17.
She survived this eviction on Day 5, but was then nominated on Day 8 by her fellow housemates to face the second eviction.
Sukhvinder made a brief return to the house on Day 51 during a task which saw Deborah and Kieran participate in a fake wedding.
On Day 5, Tom's final decision came during the eviction show after it was revealed that Imran and Mandy had received the fewest votes.
He survived this double eviction on Day 47, but was then chosen along with Hannah by his fellow housemates to be evicted through the backdoor.
The facility, which was founded by George Coupland in memory of his father John Coupland, was built in the Georgian style and opened on 24 September 1913.
It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and a major programme of fire protection works was carried out at the hospital in December 2017.
Because the conference contained only five active ice hockey programs (below the minimum of seven required by the NCAA) the league did not receive an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament for its conference tournament champion.
Talbot Lake is a freshwater body crossed by the Petite rivière Pikauba, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of Talbot Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
Its current outline is dependent on the erection of a dam at its discharge; its southern and western shores are formed of marshy soil.
This lake is mainly fed by the Petite rivière Pikauba which crosses this lake to the northeast, by riparian streams, by the outlet (coming from the southwest) from Lake Maskwa and by the outlet (coming from the north -est) of several lakes including Decoigne, Beloeil, Lanctôt, Lalonde and Dumais.
This lake is surrounded by mountains on the east and south sides, whose peaks reach to the northeast and to the east.
This lawyer, born in the Montmagny region, first settled in Quebec, where he practiced law after his studies at Laval University.
In 1928, he lived in Saguenay, his new adopted homeland; he was deputy for Chicoutimi in Quebec from 1938 to 1965.
Ardent defender of his region, Antonio Talbot as Minister of Highways, from 1944 to 1960, ensures the completion of the road connecting Quebec to Saguenay – Lac-Saint-Jean.
He is a four-term MLA for Pakaur constituency in the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Alam has been elected to the Jharkhand assembly in the 2000, 2004, 2014 and 2019 elections while he lost in the 2009 elections.
In the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election, Alam retained his seat, defeating Akil Akhtar, who had previously held the seat following the 2009 elections.
Following the elections in which Congress emerged victorious alongside its coalition partners JMM and RJD, Alam was elected the leader of the Congress Legislature Party.
On December 29, 2019, Alam was among the initial four members sworn into the state Cabinet along with Chief Minister Hemant Soren, Rameshwar Oraon and Satyanand Bhokta.
The Total Money Makeover: A Proven Plan for Financial Fitness is a best-selling personal finance book written by Dave Ramsey that was first published in 2003.
The book teaches the seven baby steps to follow in order to achieve financial stability, planning ahead for upcoming financial events, like retirement, and shares stories of individuals and couples that have done so successfully.
This changes when she starts using the AI program Holo whose appearance is the same as the developer's assistant, Go Nan-do.
The American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE) represents professional academics, researchers, educators, and students in the United States of America and focuses on issues affecting Hispanics in higher education.
AAHHE was originally the Hispanic caucus of the American Association of Higher Education (AAHE) and was formed in 2005 after that organization went defunct, to address the under representation of Hispanics in higher education.
It does so by highlighting scholarship focusing on the social issues of Hispanics, the shaping of educational policies, and the professional development of Hispanic faculty and administrators.
The Star of Valencia (French: L'étoile de Valencia) is a 1933 drama film directed by Serge de Poligny and starring Brigitte Helm, Jean Gabin and Simone Simon.
The church used to keep a wooden baptismal font made in the 13th century, however, it has been moved to the new church.
The weathercock on top of the church was voted in 2008 to be the Church Cock of the Year in Sweden.
Originally written in 1883 as a song for solo voice and piano, it was subsequently arranged by Tchaikovsky for solo voice and orchestra (1884), and then for unaccompanied choir (1889).
While Pleshcheyev's Russian lyrics are a literal translation of Stoddard, and also copy the original rhyming scheme ABCB, Dearmer uses considerable poetic licence and a new rhyming scheme of AABB.
The song is in the key of E minor, but the lack of any accidentals in the melody gives it a modal character.
In the choral arrangement, the introduction is eliminated, and the piano coda is replaced by a choral coda featuring extremely low basses.
The choral arrangement was premiered by the Chorus of the Imperial Opera under the direction of Fyodor Becker in March 1889.
The song was often used to close Creedence Clearwater Revival concerts and was later covered by several other artists including Fogerty as a solo artist.
The song builds into a boogie as John Fogerty plays variations on the opening guitar riff and incorporates solos on his harmonica.
Although the album version lasted a little under 8 minutes, in concert the song could extend for more than 15 minutes.
In the 2010–11 season, USM Annaba competed in the Ligue 1 for the 21st season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
The recording session was produced by Billy Sherrill and included renowned Nashville session musicians such as Johnny Gimble, Pete Drake and George Richey (Wynette's husband).
The recording session was produced by Billy Sherrill and included renowned Nashville session musicians such as Johnny Gimble, Pete Drake and George Richey (Wynette's husband).
She was a Spring (part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group) Member of the European Parliament (MEP) elected in the 2019 European parliamentary election.
In 2000, she was a scholarship holder of the Legal Fellowship Program, a participant of International Women’s Human Rights Clinic classes at the City University of New York.
In 2012, she defended her doctoral dissertation on the legal aspects of preventing domestic violence, with a focus on isolating the perpetrator from the victim (supervisor: Eleonora Zielińska, judge of polish State Tribunal).
She was a lecturer at Gender Studies at the University of Warsaw and the Polish Academy of Sciences at postgraduate studies in Gender Mainstreaming.
From 2002 to 2005 at the Secretariat of the Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Status of Women and Men, where she dealt with, among others government bill on counteracting domestic violence.
In the years 2008–2015 she was a member of the Team for the European Court of Human Rights at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In the years 2010–2012 she was a representative of the Chief of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland on the Rights Protection Committee.
Until 2014, she was an adviser to the Prime Minister in the Legal Department of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister.
Then, until June 2015, she was deputy head of the Office of the Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment and was responsible, among others, for coordinating government work on the ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence.
Spurek was elected in the 2019 European parliamentary election from Greater Poland - Poznan constituency as a member of the European Parliament.
Once elected to the European Parliament, she has since been serving on the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.
She was also believed as the 2020 The Left (a left-wing to centre-left political alliance in Poland) candidate for President of Poland, but she did not refer to this.
Hay-a-Park Gravel Pit is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, adjacent to the east side of the town of Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, England.
Having been a disused and flooded quarry since the 1970s, it now consists of the large Hay-a-Park Lake and three smaller ponds, besides associated reedbeds, scrub, woodland and grassland.
It was designated as a SSSI in 1995 because it supports a number of wintering birds, including a large flock of goosander.
Edward's fifteen-year-old wife Philippa of Hainault was given this land on the occasion of her marriage; she was later the mother of the Black Prince (whose statue stands in Leeds City Square) and John of Gaunt.
Another story says that in the 11th or 12th century Henry I conferred the lands to Gamel de Scriven, and they remained in the family under various names including Edward II until the last heir, Sir Charles Slingsby, died falling from his horse into the river in 1869, leaving no issue.
By the end of that century it was owned by Lady Hewley, who used its rents to support the Church and charities.
In the 19th century the leasehold of Haya Park was purchased for the purpose of rectorial tithes by York Minster; it was still a royal park, where deer were protected.
The site is adjacent to the eastern edge of Knaresborough, accessible by public footpath from two unlabelled entrances on Park Lane, one located near the railway bridge, and the other next to Knaresborough Rugby Club.
It is one of about eight SSSIs in the Harrogate region, others being Ripon Parks, Farnham Mires, Hack Fall Wood, Cow Myers, Mar Field Fen, Quarry Moor, and Bishop Monkton Ings.
Although the former quarry pit Hay-a-Park Lake may be deep, Natural England recommends that the presence of any shallow water areas be maintained.
In 2018 and 2019, Kovačević had some guest appearances at live concerts of Nele Karajlić, former lead vocalist of Zabranjeno Pušenje.
The 2008 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns softball team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2008 NCAA Division I softball season.
In June of 1942, during World War 2, she departed Victoria Harbour on her maiden voyage to England with zinc, lead, plywood, timber and other raw materials.
As she was passing through the North Channel alone a German aircraft tried to bomb her, but the bomb landed clear of the ship.
The 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final was a beach soccer match which took place on 1 December 2019 at Los Pynandi World Cup Stadium in Luque, Paraguay, to determine the winners of the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.
It was the final and hence the last match of the 10th FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, a biennial competition contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA.
In what was seen as an evenly contested affair, Portugal emerged as victors thanks to a series of successful free kicks, clinching the match by six goals to four to win their second FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup crown (following 2015) and third world title overall (including success in the 2001 World Championship), condemning Italy to a second runners-up medal.
The match was also notable as the 583rd and final international beach soccer appearance of Madjer; the Portuguese captain, often hailed as the best player of all-time, announced his retirement immediately following the match.
Both nations are veterans at World Cups, with Portugal missing only one and Italy, two, since their debuts (1997 and 1995 respectively).
Since the FIFA era began, Portugal have fared relatively similarly, winning the 2015 title, finishing as runners-up in 2005 and earning bronze medals three times (2008, 2009, 2011).
Italy reached their first final during the FIFA era in 2008, when they lost to Brazil 5–3, and this remained their only podium finish of this era until now.
However, more recently, after neither team qualified for 2013, Italy had reached the semi-finals of the last two editions, one better than their Iberian opponents.
Portugal failed in qualification for the World Beach Games, but compensated for this disappointment by claiming the gold medal at the European Games and becoming six-time European champions at the Euro Beach Soccer League (EBSL).
Despite reaching this final, they narrowly qualified for the World Cup in July, finishing in the final qualification spot, but also won the silver medal at the Mediterranean Beach Games.
Italy went into the season as reigning European champions having won the 2018 EBSL and began the year by qualifying for the World Beach Games were they went on to lose to Iran in the bronze medal match.
They only managed a fifth place finish at the European Games, but claimed fourth in the EBSL and second place in qualification for the World Cup.
The teams had gone head-to-head three times previously at World Cups, twice during the World Championships era and once in the FIFA era.
The teams had already met on three previous occasions in 2019, with Italy winning two, however Portugal had won the most recent contest.
Hence the Portuguese were the team creating the goal-scoring opportunities and dominating play, but on six minutes, Italy scored against the run of play – after a shot from Madjer (Portugal's twelfth of the match), Corosiniti played a ball through the middle to Zurlo who slotted home Italy's first shot of the match.
Portugal continued to dominate, having over 70% possession of the ball, but Italy began creating opportunities of their own as the period neared its end.
Del Mestre was forced into good saves from Jordan and then Be Martins, whilst, Gori and Zurlo saw their free kicks go narrowly wide for Italy.
Leo Martins won possession just inside his own half and lead Portugal on a quick counterattack, ultimately squaring the ball to an unmarked Jordan in the middle who fired home at the edge of the box.
However, the Italian mistakenly parried the ball back into the centre of the box; with the goal left undefended, Lourenço pounced onto the loose ball for a tap in, putting Portugal up 3–1.
Despite the two goal gap, the game remained balanced as the second half of period two progressed; Leo Martins wasted a great chance, a one-on-one opportunity against the goalkeeper, shooting wide.
Jordan converted a powerful free kick from the centre of the pitch during the opening stages of period three to open up a 4–1 lead for Portugal.
One minute later, Jordan was guilty of a foul on Gori, conceding a penalty, but the Italian's spot kick attempt was saved by Andrade.
Soon after, Leo Martins completed a brace from a free kick given away by Marinai just outside the Italian box, extending the Portuguese lead to 5–1 with just eight minutes left on the clock.
And then from Ramacciotti's corner, Josep Junior ran from deep to head in at the back post for 5–3, reigniting the match as a contest, seeing Portugal take a more cautious approach into the final minutes.
Gori almost made it 5–4 with two minutes left, hitting a bicycle kick against the post, but a controversial foul by Ramacciotti mere seconds later (for which he was booked) allowed Jordan to complete his hat-trick via the free kick.
But the goal bothered Portugal not as they knew they had the game won, and as the last seconds ticked by, the TV cameras were already focused on Madjer on the Portuguese bench who had begun crying.
When the individual awards were presented at the conclusion of the final, players of the final's competing teams, Italy and Portugal, mopped up those on offer, claiming five of the seven available.
Italy's Gabriele Gori and Emmanuele Zurlo won the Golden and Silver Scorer awards respectively, whilst Portugal's Jordan Santos, Bê Martins and Elinton Andrade won the Silver, Bronze Balls and Golden Glove awards respectively.
In the end, we have the bitterness of not having won the final, it will always be there, the truth is that we had a great tournament and we need to be happy to have gone all the way to the final.
At this moment what is in my soul is a great joy, not only for me but also for those who are in the dressing room... the feeling that I made my contribution to this achievement is amazing.
He debuted for Portugal against Chile in the 1998 World Championship, and was the only player to be part of all three of Portugal's title winning teams to date.
Being widely regarded as the greatest player of all-time, his announcement was met with an outpouring of tributes from fellow players and media outlets.
To say that I leave happy, fulfilled, proud to be Portuguese, and above all proud of this family that has been building more beautiful beach soccer, with fair play around the world.
The Portuguese team subsequently flew home from Asuncion the next day, arriving back in Portugal at 07:00 WET on 3 December.
During the meeting, the delegation were commended with civil and national orders – the team's technical staff were awarded the title of Grand Officers of the Order of Merit, the players were bestowed with the title of Commanders of the Order of Merit, and Madjer was knighted, being made a Commander of the Order of Prince Henry.
Coach Mário Narciso, players Madjer and João Gonçalves, team doctor Eduardo Farinha as well as Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) vice-president, Humberto Coelho and directior, Pedro Dias, were received at the 12 December plenary session of the Assembly of the Republic to be honoured by the chamber in recognition of the team's achievements.
Italian Football Federation (FIGC) president Gabriele Gravina and Lega Nazionale Dilettanti (LND) president Cosimo Sibilia, both issued statements congratulating the Italian team on their silver medal and viewed the team's tournament very positively, despite the final loss, noting the increased engagement of new fans and reaffirming their commitments to develop the sport domestically.
In Portugal, the match started at 21:00 local time and was broadcast live on free-to-air television channel RTP2, earning an average audience share of 3.2% (~0.16m viewers), peaking with an audience share of 4.9% (~0.24m viewers) at 22:12; this coincided with the final minute of the match.
In Italy, the match started at 22:00 local time and was broadcast live on pay television channel Sky Sport, earning an audience share of 0.4% (~0.1m viewers).
The district was represented by Simonie Michael from 1966 until 1970, and then by Bryan Pearson from 1970 until its dissolution in 1975.
As Michael was the first elected Inuk legislator in a Canadian province or territory, the Eastern Arctic district was the first electoral district in Canada to have an Inuk representative.
The Texas Longhorns baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Texas in the Big 12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
The Longhorns have won 6 College World Series titles, tied for second most nationally, and have reached the ultimate event 36 times, more than any other program.
He represented Slovakia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and he won the bronze medal in the men's club throw F51 event.
He qualified to represent Slovakia at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan after finishing in 4th place in the men's club throw F51 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Dubai Grand Prix he won the silver medal in the men's discus throw F51/52 event.
Reportedly, Catherine Carr was visiting the Carolinas when she happened upon a group of Southerners who lived a colorful, bohemian lifestyle along a river.
Connected Home over IP (or Project Connected Home over IP) is an open-sourced, royalty-free home automation connectivity standard project which features compatibility among different smart home and Internet of things (IoT) products and softwares.
In December 18, 2019, Amazon, Apple, Google, and the Zigbee Alliance announced the collaboration and formation of the working group of Project Connected Home over IP.
The goal of the project is to simplify development for smart home products brands and manufacturers, while increasing the compatibility of the products for consumers.
It is designed to enable smart home devices, mobile apps, and cloud services to communicate and to define a specific set of IP-based networking technologies for device certification.
The project group is also expected to be joined by board member companies of Zigbee Alliance, including IKEA, Legrand, MMB Networks, NXP Semiconductors, Resideo, Samsung SmartThings, Schneider Electric, Signify (formerly Philips Lighting), Silicon Labs, Somfy, and Wulian.
While the late 19th century saw a flourishing African American press in many other Western states and territories, Nevada's African-American population at the time was very low, falling as low as 134 in 1900.
To be included in this list, a periodical should be mentioned in a reliable source as an African-American newspaper published in Nevada.
Hong Kong police fired tear gas in Mong Kok, as they continued to try and clear the streets of protesters who had set fires to roadblocks on Nathan Road.
Thousands gathered filling up the lawn of Victoria Park, from where the organisers started the march 20 minutes ahead of the planned 3:00 pm start.
The Civil Human Rights Front said the police asked them to end the march after clashes broke out in Wan Chai.
The CHRF said the police decision to end the march showed that the government is unwilling to listen to the voices of the people and is infringing on the right of assembly of Hong Kong residents.
Organised by the Professional Teachers' Union (PTU) the rally came after education secretary Kevin Yeung said the PTU was misinformed and called on teachers not to be misled by them.
Several hundred people began marching through Sheung Shui accusing the government and police of failing to take action against parallel trading in the district.
The organiser said there would be about 100 marshals to maintain law and order also stating that it was unnecessary as the authorised event will be peaceful.
Among them, in Wan Chai and Causeway Bay, demonstrators walked along Hennessy Road and Johnston Road, and some people raised banners and shouted slogans common to the protests.
About 100 people gathered at a car park in Tseung Kwan O to pay tribute to Alex Chow Tsz-Lok, a student who had died two months earlier, to the day, of injuries from a fall in that car park while a police clearance operation had been conducted against a protest in the vicinity.
They pulled old cabinets and a sofa from a rubbish collection point nearby and tried to put them outside the PopCorn mall.
Some residents who came out to confront them were chased off by the outsiders who were wielding the tools they had brought with them.
Police arrived at around half past midnight to separate the two sides and those who had planned to rip down the Lennon Wall left the area.
The marchers were dissatisfied with Legislative Councillor Lam Cheuk-ting, who earlier disclosed to the media that the superintendent responsible for a fight was being investigated by the ICAC.
According to Article 30 (1) of the Prevention of Bribery Ordinance, it is an offence to disclose the identity of the person being investigated to the public, or any specific person, without lawful authority and reasonable excuse.
Dozens of people protested chanting anti-government slogans and some protesters stomping on pictures of Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, Chief Executive Carrie Lam and Police commissioner Chris Tang.
Later, the British Conservative Party member of the Commission on Human Rights Luke de Pulford on Twitter issued a document, expressed concern about the peaceful expression of the demands of young protesters, suspected to be arrested within the scope of the consulate that requires immediate attention.
Later, when the British Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth responded to Hong Kong Free Press' inquiry, it acknowledged that the British Consulate General in Hong Kong proactively called the police.
Hundreds of people staged a rally in Central calling on the international community to sanction the Hong Kong government, which they accuse of violating the basic human rights of residents.
A number of protesters waved the flags of the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom, with some saying the U.S. flag represents freedom and justice.
One of the organisers of the rally, Ventus Lau, said he hopes overseas governments can follow in the footsteps of the U.S. in passing the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act to sanction Hong Kong government officials if authorities continue to ignore the five demands of the protesters.
Around 100 people held a rally at the Edinburgh Place, Central, to protest against the University of Hong Kong's (HKU) move to start proceedings against Occupy Central co-founder Benny Tai that could see him fired.
Some riot police officers were deployed along the way and went outside the Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre, a prison where arrested protesters are held.
In San Po Kong, Tai Yau Street, there were also about 50 citizens gathered, including a number of students in school uniforms.
The Tai Po Secondary School Student Speech Platform, comprising secondary school students from Tai Po, held a rally in the open-air plaza at the Tai Po Waterfront Park.
Three police officers and a civilian relations team entered the venue to communicate with the organiser to request the termination of the rally.
During the first interception, a reporter from Stand News used a mobile phone to record but a police officer continued to use a reporter's ID card.
At the scene, joint signing sessions and Lennon paintings were set up to allow participants to write their opinions and signatures.
Rally representatives said that the Yuen Long attack reflected that the Yuen Long Police Force was unable to protect the citizens.
They hoped to tell students through the rally and drama to urge everyone to defend the future together and to evoke everyone's original intentions through drama.
A large number of police officers and riot police arrived at Lai Chi Kok and warned the citizens are participating in an unlawful assembly.
On Chinese New Year’s Eve, many citizens held a rally outside the Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre in support of demonstrators in prison.
In the crowd, the people in black dispersed, and a large number of riot police officers got out of their cars and hunted down people.
An incident occurred triggering riot police to rush on to Portland Street, resulting in confrontation between the police and the public.
By 2 a.m., a group of reporters, volunteer first aiders and the public on Portland Street were intercepted by riot police officers, with a total of about 200 people, half of whom were citizens.
By 9 pm, nearly 30 people gathered and called slogans at the Grand Plaza near the exit of Mong Kok Station, no confusion occurred.
About 20 people from the League of Social Democrats and the Labour Party marched to the Government House in the morning to protest against the police's handling of the anti-government protests.
On 12 January, dozens of people held a rally in Yuen Long to urge the police to arrest Democratic Party lawmaker Lam Cheuk-ting over what they claim is his role in a mob attack on protesters and passersby in the Yuen Long in July last year.
Participants echoed false accusations previously levelled against Lam by pro-Beijing legislator Junius Ho and pro-police supporters that he had incited a group of black-clad rioters to come to Yuen Long.
He said people pushing the false narrative had been distorting the truth, noting that security camera footage clearly shows that the white-clad mob of triads had been attacking people even before he arrived.
On 18 January, around 50 people gathered outside Mong Kok Police Station presenting officers with noodles and snacks to express their gratitude to the force for its handling of anti-government protests.
Outside Broadcasting House in Kowloon Tong (the headquarters of public broadcaster RTHK) on the same day, around 100 protesters from the pro-police group Politihk Social Strategic protested against what they called anti-government bias in RTHK's programmes.
The 2020 North Texas SC season is the second season for North Texas SC's existence, and their second in USL League One, the third tier of professional soccer in the United States and Canada.
Due to their ownership by a more advanced level professional club (FC Dallas), North Texas SC is expressly forbidden from entering the Cup competition.
On November 3, 1998, Spade became the second blind person to be elected to the Michigan House of Representatives, where he represented the 57th district.
The facility, which was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt, opened as Louth Union Workhouse in 1837.
It became the Louth County Infirmary in 1930 and, after joining the National Health Service in 1948, it became County Hospital Louth in 1955.
At LLoyd's he worked on the question of the food supply from overseas during war and at the outbreak of the First World War he worked at the Admiralty in connection with protecting overseas trade.
Mohari railway station was part of Dholpur Railway metre gauge line which was owned by Maharaja Rana of Dholpur State and opened in February 1908.
The railway line starts at Dholpur city and after Mohari Junction, it bifurcates in two, one towards Tantpur town and the other towards Sarmathura.
John Edward Moran more commonly referred to as J. Edward Moran (December 2, 1897 – March 12, 1962) was an American politician who served as the 30th Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
He worked at a variety of occupations in his younger years and spent the majority of his career with Abernethy Clarkson Wright, Inc., a Burlington department store, where he was a salesman, shipping clerk, and department manager.
Moran was long active in politics as a Democrat, including serving as a delegate to numerous state and national party conventions.
He was an active member of the Knights of Columbus, Order of Alhambra, Society of the Holy Name, Elks Club, and Fraternal Order of Eagles.
He was serving as president of the Board of Aldermen when Mayor John J. Burns resigned to become Burlington's postmaster, elevating Moran to acting mayor.
On March 5, 1957 Claude Douglas Cairns defeated Moran's bid for another term in an upset with 4,053 votes to 3,830.
He was diabetic in his later years and died at DeGoesbriand Memorial Hospital on March 12, 1962 after suffering multiple heart attacks.
After his death former Mayor James E. Fitzpatrick and Mayor Robert K. Bing praised Moran for his service to the city.
Antoine [de] Ratabon (1617 – 12 March 1670) was a French aristocrat, who was an arts and architecture administrator during the reign of Louis XIV.
He was Director of the Académie de Peinture et de Sculpture from 1655 to 1670 and Surintendant des Bâtiments (Superintendant of Buildings) from 1656 to 1664.
He became Maître d'Hôtel Ordinaire of King Louis XIV, Trésorier Général de France at Montpellier, and Intendant des Gabelles of Languedoc.
In Paris he became First Assistant to François Sublet de Noyers, who was the Surintendant des Bâtiments under Cardinal Richelieu, and continued in this role under Étienne Le Camus, who succeeded Sublet de Noyers as Surintendant after the latter's dismissal under Cardinal Mazarin in 1643.
In his role as Surintendant des Bâtiments, Ratabon ordered the demolition of the Hôtel du Petit-Bourbon in October 1660 to make way for the eastward expansion of the Louvre and construction of the Louvre Colonnade.
The order resulted in the eviction without warning of the troupe of Molière from the theatre of the Petit Bourbon and their transfer to the disused and run-down theatre of the Palais-Royal.
By a contract of 1 March 1647, Ratabon married Marie Sanguin, daughter of Nicolas Sanguin, an equerry and sieur de Pierrelaye.
In 1664 Ratabon constructed a house, the Hôtel de Ratabon, to the designs of the architect Pierre Le Muet on a site on the western border of the garden of the Palais-Royal, now 10 rue de Richelieu in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.
The battalion was sent to the Pacific Theater of Operations and took part in combat operations at Guadalcanal and the Landings on Rendova, the defense of Battle of Munda Point and the Invasion of Guam.
The unit, like all other defense battalions, was renamed in 1944, becoming the 9th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion in September, 1944 and returning to the U.S. in 1946.
Formed during World War II in February, 1942 at Parris Island, South Carolina, the battalion was sent to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in July, 1942.
After Guantanamo Bay the battalion was sent through the Panama Canal to Noumea, New Caledonia where equipment was trans-loaded onto the attack transport USS Hunter Liggett that took the 9th DB to Guadalcanal in November, 1942.
In June 1943 the battalion left Guadalcanal and took part in the Landings on Rendova, set up its artillery and fought off attempts by the Japanese to regain control.
After securing New Georgia the battalion was moved to Mbanika in the Russell Islands for a period of rest and relaxation prior to its next assignment that involved the recapture of Guam in the Marianas Islands.
On Guam most of the Japanese defenders retreated to the cliffs at the northern end of the island where thousands committed suicide by jumping to their deaths.
The Battalion suffered from very high rates of dengue fever during the Guam campaign and while this was not fatal it did incapacitate many Marines.
Like all other defense battalions in 1944, the unit was re-designated and the 9th was renamed the 9th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion in September, 1944.
On November 6, 1934, Dignan was elected as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Shiawassee County district.
The album contains 13-tracks and features Toronto based artists including NorthSideBenji, Houdini, Casper TNG, K Money, Pvrx, LocoCity, Da Crook, Puffy L’z, Ramriddlz, Roney, and more.
Grizzly Mountain is a mountain summit located in Glacier National Park, in the Hermit Range of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
It is also set north of Cheops Mountain, and west of Rogers Pass from which it can be seen from the Trans-Canada Highway.
The closest peak to Grizzly is Ursus Minor Mountain, to the west-southwest, and its nearest higher peak is Mount Sifton, to the north.
The first ascent of the mountain was made August 31, 1901, by John E. Bushnell, August S. Eggers, Karl Schuluneggar, and Friedrich Michel via the southeast couloir.
It was so-named because of its proximity above Bear Creek (since renamed Connaught Creek), and in keeping with the bear theme of other nearby features such as Ursus Major Mountain, Ursus Minor Mountain, Bruins Pass, and Balu Pass.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Grizzly Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from a small unnamed glacier on its northwest slope drains into tributaries of the Beaver River and Illecillewaet River.
The 2019–20 Naisten Liiga season is the thirty-seventh season of the Naisten Liiga, the premier level of women's ice hockey in Finland, since the league’s establishment in 1982.
In order to fill the two empty slots of the Lower Division, two teams from the Naisten Mestis were added to the Liiga for the divisional series and onward.
The playoff format was modified to account for the increased number of teams; eight teams would qualify for the playoffs rather than the previous six.
This change allowed for a traditional single-elimination tournament to be played from the quarterfinal stage rather than having the top two teams automatically progress to the semifinal round.
The preliminary series () is played as a double round-robin plus a two-game Opening Weekend Tournament; each of the ten teams plays a total of twenty matches.
Points are awarded by match outcome, regulation wins earn three points, overtime wins earn 2 points, overtime losses earn 1 point, and no points are awarded for regulation losses.
The points earned in the opening series determine which division a team will be sorted for the continuation of the season.
Upper Division teams are guaranteed placement in the playoffs; the points earned in the ten divisional series games are added to the points totals from the preliminary series and used to establish the teams' playoff berths, from first to sixth.
The bottom four teams in the opening series move on to the Lower Division (), where they are joined by the top two teams from the Cross-Qualifiers () of the Naisten Mestis, the league directly below Naisten Liiga.
The Lower Division teams compete for the seventh and eighth seed positions in the playoffs; only the top two ranked teams from the Lower Division earn places in the playoffs.
Unlike the in Upper Division, all Lower Division teams start the divisional series with zero points, only points earned in the series are considered when the teams are ranked.
The points earned in the six qualifying series games are added to the points totals from the Lower Division divisional series.
The two teams with the highest point totals qualify for the 2020–21 Naisten Liiga season, the two lower ranked teams are relegated to the Naisten Mestis for the following season.
Top six teams advanced to the Upper Division (), while teams ranking sixth through tenth progressed to the Lower Division ().
The following players led the league in regular season points at the conclusion of the preliminary series on 24 November 2019.
The following players led the Upper Division in regular season points at the conclusion of match(es) played on 29 January 2020.
The following players led the Lower Division in regular season points at the conclusion of match(es) played on 29 January 2020.
The following goaltenders led the league in regular season save percentage at the conclusion of the preliminary series on 24 November 2019, while starting at least one third of matches.
The following goaltenders led the Upper Division in regular season save percentage at the conclusion of match(es) on 29 January 2020, while starting at least one third of matches.
The following goaltenders led the Lower Division in regular season save percentage at the conclusion of match(es) on 29 January 2020, while starting at least one third of matches.
In 1825, antlers of the Irish elk were discovered; and, in 1828, a bronze trumpet, spear and arrow heads of bronze were found.
A local legend concerns a princess named Theresa who lived in the castle in the 18th century; she was very fond of oranges and was later forced to move to County Cavan for unclear reasons.
Her doctoral research involved the use of electrophysiology to study unicellular marine algae, in an effort to understand how they maintain homeostasis for calcium and sodium ions.
In 1993, after earning her PhD, Amtmann investigated ion transport properties in barley in Dale Sanders' laboratory at the University of York.
Whilst at York she developed microarrays that could be used to monitor how ion transporters responded to nutrient deficiency and salinity.
Marine organisms have developed strategies to avoid toxicity, and Amtmann looks to identify these organisms, fit them with molecular engines and encourage them to take up salt until they are saturated with salt.
The salt-packed cells will die and can be removed from the system, leaving fresh water and a waste product that can be used for bio-cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Algae UK looks to increase research and development into high value products created from microalgae and macroalgae, as well as increasing attention to cyanobacterial synthetic biology.
The 2018–19 Liga IV Olt was the 51st season of the Liga IV Olt, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Due to the expansion of the format from 12 to 19 teams at the end of the previous season no one was relegated.
The song reached the top spot on MTV Latin America allowing Anna Carina to enter markets such as Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, Puerto Rico, and United States.
The song was nominated for Song of the Year and Video of the Year at the Orgullosamente Latino Awards in 2010.
The song had big airplay success in Perú and features a guitar solo from Peruvian singer-songwriter Pedro Suárez-Vértiz who also appears in the video.
His appearance on the video got a lot of attention since he had been away from the spotlight for a while due to throat cancer.
Bogdan Rzońca is a Polish politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Law and Justice political party.
Joanna Kopcińska is a Polish politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Law and Justice political party.
Andżelika Możdżanowska is a Polish politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Law and Justice political party.
Pouria Aria Kia (; born 3 May 1990) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Winger for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
The 2019–20 FC St. Pauli season is the 109th season in the football club's history and 9th consecutive season in the second division of German football, the 2.
In addition to the domestic league, FC St. Pauli also are participating in this season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal.
The 130 seats in the House of Representatives consist of 115 members elected by open list proportional representation from 23 constituencies of between three and nine seats in size and 15 seats reserved for women.
Nine of the 115 proportional representation seats are reserved for the Christian minority, with another three reserved for the Chechen and Circassian minorities.
The 15 seats for women are awarded to the woman who received the most votes (but failed to be elected on their list) in each of the twelve governorates and the three Badia districts.
The facility, which was designed by a Mr Johnson of Sheffield in the Jacobean style, opened as Bakewell Union Workhouse in 1841.
It became the Bakewell Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and then joined the National Health Service as Newholme Hospital in 1948.
Although it was announced in July 2017 that the hospital would close, it was confirmed, in December 2018, that a new health hub would be built on part of the site.
The building has become a symbol for the radical left in Berlin in the same manner as Rozbrat in Poznań or Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen.
What can be seen from the street used to be the back of the building, since the front half was destroyed by bombing at the end of World War II and was never rebuilt.
During World War II, the building was used by the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (the general electricity company) to house French forced labourers.
Under the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the building was used for sports activities and there was a bowling alley in the basement.
The police did not attempt to evict the occupation, which marked the first time people from West Berlin had squatted in East Berlin.
Køpi has become a important symbol for the radical left in Berlin, linked to projects elsewhere such as the Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen and Rozbrat in Poznań.
The auction was unsuccessful with none of almost 30 participants offering to buy the property, which had an estimated value of 5.4 million marks.
In the meantime, the residents carried out essential repairs such as plumbing and preferred not to repair the facade, since they wanted to remember the chequered history of the building.
They also carried out many political actions designed to ensure their survival in the house and this made the building unattractive to investors.
For example, when another auction of the building was held in 2007, outside the courtroom there were 300 supporters of Køpi and also 300 hundred police officers.
Beforehand, the police had voiced concerns about violence, warning that the political situation was already tense after a solidarity demonstration for Ungdomshuset.
The auction was this time successful, the building being sold for €835,000 (half the estimated market value) to an agent of the new owner called Besnik Fichtner, an Albanian managing director of the company Plutonium 114.
The Versicherungskammer Bayern in Münich and the Volkskreditbank in Linz were forced to deny they had anything to do with the company, despite having the same initials as it.
After one month, the police raided Nehls' headquarters (named as Vitalis Beteiligungsgesellschaft für Altbauten mbH) and twenty other properties, investigating financial irregularities.
In addition to being a housing project, the building hosted a variety of activities, including a bar, vegan café, concert venue, cinema, infoshop, gym, printing workshop, rehearsal space and a climbing wall.
Marilyn E. Saviola (July 13, 1945 – November 23, 2019) was an American disability rights activist, executive director of the Center for the Independence of the Disabled in New York from 1983 to 1999, and vice president of Independence Care System after 2000.
Saviola, a polio survivor from Manhattan, New York, is known nationally within the disability rights movement for her advocacy for people with disabilities and had accepted many awards and honors for her work.
Her parents, Peter Saviola and Camilla 'Millie' Saviola, who had no other children, were Italian immigrants who ran a candy shop/luncheonette in the Bronx.
While working at Goldwater Memorial, Saviola assisted individuals with severe physical disabilities and helped them with transitioning from living in the hospital to living in the community.
She was executive director of the Center for the Independence of the Disabled in New York from 1983 to 1998, and vice president of Independence Care System after 2000.
She chaired the Manhattan Borough Disability Advisory Group, and served on the boards of the Association of Independent Living Centers in New York, Disabled in Action, and the New York City Medicaid Managed Care Task Force.
In 1979, she spoke at one of the first conferences on disabled women's lives, sponsored by the New York City Commission on the Status of Women and the Mayor's Office for the Handicapped.
Her advocacy work was credited in 2019 at the opening of a new radiology unit at NYC Health + Hospitals' Morrisania location in the Bronx, which featured accessible examination tables and mammography equipment.
In 2015, she received the Henry Viscardi Achievement Award for her lifetime of work in disability rights and in 2017, the New York State Disability Rights Hall of Fame inducted Saviola as part of their inaugural class of inductees.
An oral history interview with Saviola, about her life and activism, was recorded in 2001, is archived with the Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement (DRILM) Oral History Project at the Bancroft Library in Berkeley, California.
In 1990, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland, starting from the attaché post at the Embassy of Poland in Moscow.
From 1998 to 2002 he was First Secretary for political affairs at the embassy in Ljubljana, for the first three years being in charge of not only Slovenia but also Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In July 2006 he became deputy chief of mission in Belgrade, being responsible for Polish-Serbian relations, Polish-Montenegrin relations (until the embassy in Podgorica in 2007 was opened), as well as cooperation with Polish soldiers and police officers serving in Kosovo.
Sady Belén Salinas Ayala (born 27 October 1994) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a right back for Deportivo Capiatá and the Paraguay women's national team.
On January 5, 1935, a man who had given his name as Roland T. Owen, later identified as Artemus Ogletree, died at a hospital in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, of beating and stabbing injuries.
When no next of kin could be located, leading to suspicions that his name was an alias, his body was stored in a local funeral parlor for almost two months.
The man's true identity remained unknown for a year and a half until Ruby Ogletree, an Alabama woman who had seen a photo of a distinctive scar on his head in the news, identified him as her son Artemus.
At the end of the last one he revealed that in 2003 or 2004, he had taken a call from someone out of state related to the case.
The caller said that they had been helping to inventory the belongings of a recently deceased elderly person when they found a box with newspaper clippings about the Ogletree case and an item mentioned repeatedly in the stories, but they refused to say what that item was.
During his childhood an accident with some hot grease left a sizable scar on his head above his ear, which remained hairless afterward.
Early on the afternoon of January 2, 1935, Ogletree walked into the Hotel President, in the Power & Light District of Kansas City, Missouri, and asked for an interior room several floors up, giving his name as Roland T. Owen, with a Los Angeles address.
The staff noted that in addition to the visible scar on his temple, he had cauliflower ear, and concluded he was probably a boxer or professional wrestler.
On the way, Ogletree told him that he had spent the previous night at the nearby Muehlebach Hotel but found the $5 ($ in current dollars) nightly rate too high.
Propst opened Room 1046, which per the guest's request was on the inside, overlooking the hotel's courtyard rather than the street outside.
A short time afterward, Mary Soptic, one of the hotel maids, returned from a day off to work the afternoon shift.
She went into Room 1046 and was surprised to find Ogletree there, since the previous night a woman had been in the room.
He then left, but asked her to leave the room unlocked as he was expecting some friends in a few minutes.
The door was locked, which led her to assume that Ogletree was out since it could only be locked from the outside, but when she opened it with her own key Ogletree was present, sitting in the dark just where he had been the previous afternoon.
Two hours later, Jean Owen of Lee's Summit, near Kansas City, checked into the President after having shopped in the city for a few hours.
She was given Room 1048; her boyfriend, who worked in a flower shop in the city, came to visit her there at 9:20 p.m. and stayed for two hours.
Elevator operator Charles Blocher, who began his shift at midnight, reported later that he was fairly busy until 1:30 a.m. After that time, most of the hotel quieted down for the night, except for a loud party in Room 1055.
Blocher recalled one visitor in particular, a woman he had seen at the hotel visiting male guests in their rooms on other occasions and thus believed to be a prostitute, a conclusion shared by other hotel staff who were familiar with her.
She came in first sometime during his first three hours; he took her to the 10th floor where she asked about Room 1026.
Five minutes later, the elevator was summoned there again; it turned out to be the same woman, who expressed puzzlement that her client was not in Room 1046 since, she said, he had called her and on previous visits with him he had always been present.
She wondered if, in fact, he was in Room 1024 since she could see through the room's transom window that the light was on in there.
At 4:15 a.m., a call from that floor turned out to be the woman; he took her to the lobby and she left the hotel for the night.
Another call to the 9th floor 15 minutes later turned out to be the man who had come up with her.
At 11 p.m. Robert Lane, a city worker driving on 13th Street near Lydia Avenue, saw a man dressed in only an undershirt, pants and shoes run into his path and flag him down.
In the mirror Lane saw a deep scratch on the man's arm; he also noticed that he was cupping his arm, possibly to catch blood from a more severe wound.
At the nearby intersection of 12th Street and Troost Avenue, where taxi drivers often waited for fares during the overnight hours, Lane stopped and let the man out.
The man thanked him, got out, and honked the horn of a taxi parked nearby, drawing the driver from a nearby restaurant, after which Lane drove away.
He saw the same scratch on the arm and went to the police, telling them he believed Ogletree had been the man he picked up.
She was preparing to make a requested wakeup call to Room 1046 when she noticed a light indicating that the phone there was off the hook.
After several loud knocks, a voice from inside told him to enter; however he could not as the door had been locked.
The light from the hallway showed some dark spots on the bedding, but rather than turn on the room light Pike went to the telephone stand, where he saw the phone had been knocked to the floor.
This time he had a key, and after his knocks drew no response, he opened the door and found Ogletree on his knees and elbows two feet (60 cm) away, his head bloodied.
Propst turned the light on, put the phone back on the hook, and then noticed blood on the walls of both the main room and bathroom, as well as on the bed itself.
He returned with the assistant manager, but when they did they could only open the door six inches (15 cm), as Ogletree had in the interim fallen on the floor.
Eventually Ogletree got up and when the two hotel employees were able to enter the room, he went and sat on the edge of the bathtub.
He had been stabbed more than once in the chest above the heart; one of these wounds had punctured his lung.
The Kansas City Police Department (KCPD) began investigating immediately by interviewing Jean Owen, whose identical last name and proximity to the dead man overnight struck them as interesting.
Since much of it had dried by the time he had arrived, he estimated the wounds had been inflicted between 4 and 5 a.m. that day, consistent with what Pike had seen and before Propst's first visit.
The only evidence of anything other than what Ogletree had been wearing was the tag of a necktie, indicating it had been made by a New Jersey company.
There were no knives, which led to the dismissal of suicide as a cause of Ogletree's death since the stab wounds in his chest could not be accounted for; the cords tying him up also suggested the involvement of others.
Detectives found some other items that might have been evidence: a hairpin, safety pin, unsmoked cigarette, and a full bottle of diluted sulfuric acid.
Four fingerprints, small enough that detectives believed they had been a woman's, were found on the room's phone; they could not be matched to Ogletree or to any of the hotel employees who had been known to have entered the room.
Officers in Kansas City contacted the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) to notify next of kin, but were informed that they could find no record that anyone under that name was living in the California city at the time.
The dead man's fingerprints were sent to what was at the time the Justice Department's Bureau of Investigation (later the FBI) to find a possible match in their collection.
On January 6, the Sunday newspapers reported that the man in Room 1046 had died under an assumed name, and tips began coming in.
Members of the public went to the local funeral home where he had been laid out, leading Lane to tell police of his encounter with the man.
After interviewing Lane, Johnson was not as certain as Lane was that the man had been Ogletree, since none of the hotel staff had reported seeing him leave or return during the night of January 3–4.
Wire services began picking up the story, and it ran in newspapers and on radio around the country, with requests to send photographs to Kansas City.
More leads on the man's identity came in as a result, and the KCPD had to devote considerable time to corresponding with police all over the country via mail and telegram to follow up on leads.
In Kansas City, an early lead proved false when a bloodied towel found at the hotel turned out to have been used to clean up Room 1046 after the police had left.
Officers recalled Propst's account that on his way there after he checked in, the man had said that he had left the nearby Muehlebach Hotel after one night due to their high rates, and checked with that hotel's staff.
No Roland T. Owen had checked in there, but staff recalled a man of Ogletree's appearance checking in under the name Eugene K. Scott, also giving Los Angeles as his address, and requesting a room on the interior of the building.
The mystery seemed solved when a man identified the body as his cousin, but then when the man's sister came to view the body, she confirmed that the cousin had in fact died five years earlier; the resemblance between the two had been very strong.
A week into the investigation, Toni Bernardi, a wrestling promoter from Little Rock, Arkansas, said after viewing the body that the man, identifying himself as Cecil Werner, had approached him around the beginning of December 1934 about wrestling some matches.
Within a few days, two new homicides in the city drew detectives' attention away from the case, even as more were assigned to the homicide squad.
Leads were still followed, but less vigorously than they had been in the week after the case, and none of them yielded any significant information.
The case returned to the newspapers on March 3, when the funeral home where the body had been kept announced it would be burying the man in the city's potter's field the next day.
That day, the funeral home received a call from a man who asked that the funeral be delayed so they could send the funeral home the money for a grave and service at Memorial Park Cemetery in Kansas City, Kansas, so, the caller said, the dead man would be near his sister.
The funeral director warned the caller he would have to tell the police about the call; the caller said he knew and that did not bother him.
The caller and the two women had apparently arranged the encounter with him at the President in order to exact revenge.
On March 23, the funeral home received a delivery envelope, the address carefully lettered using a ruler with $25 ($ in current dollars) wrapped in newspaper; it was enough to cover the expenses.
Two additional envelopes with $5 each were sent to a local florist for an arrangement of 13 American Beauty roses to go with the grave, after a similar call was made to them; both phone calls turned out to have been made from pay phones.
The unidentified man looked a great deal like her son Artemus, whom the family had not seen since he left to hitchhike to California in 1934, although he had kept up correspondence with them.
Ruby contacted the KCPD, and was able to provide enough information about the previous pseudonymous corpse, including a description of his head scar, which she explained was the result of a childhood accident in which some hot grease had spilled there.
In November, another issue of the supplement carried a story identifying the man as Artemus Ogletree and explaining how his identity had been determined.
The first, early in 1935, postmarked in Chicago, aroused her suspicions since it was typewritten, and Artemus as far as she knew did not know how to type.
Artemus himself could not call because he was now living in Cairo, the capital of Egypt, where he had married a wealthy woman and was well.
He was unable to write, the caller said, because he had lost one of his thumbs in the fight where he had saved the caller.
If Artemus had, at some point before his death, gone to Egypt or anywhere else overseas, he had not done so under his own name.
Information developed through the police's conversations with Ruby Ogletree helped them establish a third hotel in Kansas City, the St. Regis, where Artemus had stayed.
In 1937 the New York City police arrested a man named Joseph Martin on a murder charge, after he had killed a man he roomed with and put the body in a trunk to be shipped to Memphis.
In 2003 or 2004, John Horner, a local historian at the Kansas City Public Library, fielded a call from someone out of state who said they had been helping to inventory the belongings of an elderly person who had recently died.
Among them was a shoebox which turned out to be filled with newspaper clippings related to the case, as well as, according to them, one item mentioned in the newspaper stories.
Horner did not make this public until the conclusion of the second of two posts he made on the library's blog retelling the story in 2012.
The 2018 New Hampshire Senate election was held on November 6, 2018, concurrently with the elections for the New Hampshire House of Representatives, to elect members to the 166th New Hampshire General Court.
It resulted in Democrats gaining control of both chambers of the New Hampshire General Court, ending the total control of New Hampshire's state government, that Republicans had held in New Hampshire since the 2016 state elections.
In addition, Republican Chris Sununu won the open 2016 New Hampshire gubernatorial election giving the New Hampshire Republican Party total control for the first time since Governor Craig Benson was defeated by Democrat John Lynch in the 2004 New Hampshire gubernatorial election.
In the aftermath of his 2016 election, then president-elect Donald Trump claimed in a tweet that voter fraud had occurred in New Hampshire.
Senate Bill 3 (SB 3) passed both chambers of the New Hampshire General Court on party-line votes and was signed in to law by Governor Sununu on July, 10 2017.
It also included jail sentences of up to one year or a fine of up to $5,000, if voters registered and not provided necessary paperwork as proof within 10 day or 30 days in smaller towns.
Republicans pointed to over 5,000 voters who voted in the 2016 election after identifying with an out-of-state driver's licence, that have not gotten an in-state licence as of September 2017.
Democrats suspected a voter suppression scheme, that targeted college students, that they think are most likely to use identification issued by other states.
They pointed to the Supreme Court's decision in Symm v. United States, that guaranteed college students the right to vote at their university.
The trial judge of the Hillsborough Superior Court decided on October 22, 2018, that the state cannot apply the law in the upcoming elections.
The State Supreme Court sided with the state in an unanimous 5-0 decision arguing that overturning the law so close to elections was potentially confusing and disruptive.
In the New Hampshire Senate, Democrats were able to flip Districts 9, 11, 12, 23 and 24, while the Republicans flipped District 1.
The Democratic gains were mostly in less rural areas in Southern and Eastern New Hampshire while the Republican gains were limited to one rural seat in the North Country.The incumbent Democratic Senator in District 1 one was accused of domestic violence and charged a few months before the election.
He won the Democratic primary on September 11, 2018, but was defeated by Republican David Starr in the 2018 general election.
Anderson studied at Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas and the Augustana Theological Seminary before being ordained by the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church in 1912.
As a former German colony the territory had hosted missions of the German Lutheran Church but these were expelled in 1917 during the First World War.
Anderson oversaw the expansion of the church's role in the territory and in 1944 was appointed President and director of its General Administrative Committee, becoming responsible for the church's entire operation in Tanganyika.
He later graduated from the Augustana Theological Seminary; studied at the University of Minnesota and the Union Theological Seminary and was awarded a doctorate.
Anderson was ordained as a pastor in 1912 and found work preaching in the Midwestern United States with the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church.
At one point he was at the First Lutheran Church in Saint Paul, Minnesota where he ministered to a congregation of over 1,500 people.
In 1919 he was amongst a group of people praying at a church meeting for a new bible school to train Lutheran missionaries.
Amongst the attendees was Annette Elmquist, who had attended a non-Lutheran bible school and was keen for the church to have its own.
The Lutheran church had been active in missionary work in Tanganyika before the First World War, however the largely German missionaries were expelled by British forces in 1917.
The Augustana Church was asked to take over the abandoned missions by the German Lutheran Church and in Summer 1924 Anderson with his wife and three sons (LeRoy.
Anderson reported good potential in the area and a formal mission was dispatched by the church in 1926, with Anderson being appointed a missionary by the church's Board of Foreign Missions.
After some deliberation (he would have to leave behind his family, including daughter Dorothy who was then ill with tuberculosis) Anderson agreed and returned to Tanganyika on January 6, 1926 with fellow missionaries Herbert S Magney and Ludwig Melander.
Anderson initially spent his time teaching new pastors at the mission's seminary in Marangu but reported to the church that there was a good appetite for the Lutheran faith in Iramba and it was decided to establish a mission there.
Anderson was appointed head of the mission and led four American missionaries and one from Leipzig (who held Russian citizenship and so was permitted entry by the British authorities).
Anderson's speciality was in evangelism and the study of the Iramba language, into which he translated the New Testament and various hymns, liturgies and catechisms .
Anderson's wife and children joined him at Iramba from 1927 and remained with him until his retirement in 1956, though Annette would sometimes reside in the United States with some of the children to ensure their education.
Anderson occasionally returned to the United States on leave and during these periods worked to generate support for the African missions.
From 1944 he was appointed president and director of the General Administrative Committee of the Augustana Lutheran Church (which until 1944 was known as the General Committee of Former German Missions).
One key task was to negotiate with the colony's government over the ownership of land and property formerly held by the German Lutheran Church.
During Anderson's time in Africa the Lutheran missions expanded to encompass a number of churches and dispensaries, a hospital at Kiomboi and leper centres at Mkalama and Iambi.
Anderson retired in 1956 and was invited to remain in Tanganyika by the local church but chose to return to the United States.
Based on an eponymous autographical book by author Dave Roberts, the film is set in north Kent, in the suburbs of London, during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The film touches briefly on the euphoria caused by England winning the World Cup in 1966, but mainly recounts the events in the protagonist's life during the 1969/1970 season of the Bromley team.
In the late 1960s, a young British teenager, David (Dave) Roberts (Brenock O'Connor), is living in his parents' house in Sevenoaks.
He wishes to follow a major football (soccer) team, but because of his father's strong disapproval, he is forced into secretly following his local club, Bromley FC, who at that time were losing almost every game they played.
He attends, and carefully analyses every match, and keeps a scrapbook of every press mention they get, no matter how negative.
David meets and become close friends with three adult Bromley FC fans (TJ Herbert, Mark Dymond, Ewen MacIntosh) who encourage and support him.
Dave also meets, and rapidly falls in love with, Ruby McQueen (Savannah Baker), the pretty and bright teenage daughter of Charlie McQueen (Jamie Foreman), the tough scary Chairman of the football club.
Having sneaked into Charlie McQueen's office, and noticed some notes on player's files, Dave believes that McQueen has received large cash offers from both Manchester United and Leeds United to sell Stoney away from Bromley.
It seems to Dave that McQueen is planning to accept, in order to pay off his massive gambling debts, which have rendered the club bankrupt.
The Chairman see this news on television, and now imagines he will be able to pay off all his gambling debts and come out ahead.
He announces the good news about Stoney at a party, and explains he can now afford to send his daughter to university to become a doctor, her dream.
But Dave suddenly understands that he misinterpreted what he read: the notes he saw were not about cash offers from leading football clubs, instead they were offers to Ruby from Manchester University and Leeds University.
In order to save Bromley, Dave browbeats the Chairman into selling his expensive sports car, and betting all of the cash on Bromley FC to win their final game of the season, at odds of 10 to 1 against.
Despite Dave's attempts to suggest a new game plan, the first half of the game goes poorly, with Bromley scoring an own goal.
But then Dave accidentally finds out that his father was originally a brilliant athlete who played youth soccer for England before being crippled in an accident on the field.
Before the Bromley team goes out for the second half, Dave gives an impassioned speech, which Stoney endorses, and which causes the team to play better than anyone would have thought possible.
First a tie goal is scored, and then Stoney manages to score a very challenging goal on a free kick, and Bromley FC wins 2-1.
Richard J. Cottrell (born 11 July 1943) is an English politician and author who was a Member of the European Parliament for the British consituency of Bristol from 1979 until 1989.
During his first term, he joined the Committee on Transport on 20 July of the same year and the Committee on Youth, Culture, Education, Information and Sport on 11 July 1980, serving on both until the Parliament adjourned on 23 July 1984.
He served as a member of the committees for the Rules of Procedure, the Verification of Credencials and Immunities; the Rules of Procedure and Petitions; and the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protectionp; and also participated in diplomatic relations with Canada and the People's Republic of China.
In early 1996, Emilio Estefan and EMI Latin president José Behar planned to bring together the most important Spanish-speaking artists and create material for the upcoming Olympic Games, as a reaction to several English-speaking artists that were preparing their albums for the Olympic Games.
Estefan and Behar had a conversation about the project with Atlanta Olympic Games committee, among them marketing vice-president Lous Wayne Cunningham.
After the Olympic Games committee agreed, Estefan started the recording of the album, although they didn't do it in the same studio, each artist recorded his or her song separately.
The 1985–86 season is Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 84th season in existence and the club's 55th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Following a change in the Chairman office (from Luis de Carlos to Ramón Mendoza) the Real Madrid, renewed and with new top players such as Hugo Sánchez and Antonio Maceda) under manager Luis Molowny, delivered a good season.
The women's javelin throw at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 7, 10 and 11 November 2019.
Midwest United FC is an American soccer club based in Grand Rapids, Michigan who play in the Midwest Division of the United Women's Soccer league.
The men's teams first season was in 2015 in the newly formed Great Lakes Premier League before moving to the National Premier Soccer League.
After two successful seasons that showed average attendance figures over 4,000 each season, the owners announced on November 1, 2016 that they would be adding a women's team to the Grand Rapids FC brand.
The Grand Rapids FC women won the 2017 UWS Championship in their inaugural season on July 22, 2017 at their home stadium, defeating the defending champions Santa Clarita Blue Heat 3 goals to 1.
During this time, the ownership of the women's side was transferred to Midwest United FC and their name was changed to reflect this change.
A coin supposedly minted during his reign bears the year Saka 1412 (1490 CE), though the modern-style script has led to doubts regarding its authenticity.
A younger son of his father, Pratap's rule had been propped up by the support of prominent army generals in opposition to his elder brother Dhanya, against whom he waged a civil war.
The chronicle continues that due to his formidable physical strength and stoutness, Pratap had to be killed at night while he slept.
He was succeeded in quick succession by the minor Vijaya Manikya (who may have been his son) and Pratap's younger brother Mukut, before the throne finally settled on Dhanya, whose long reign lasted until 1515.
María Alejandra Peraza Romero (born 17 January 1994) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a centre back for Colombian club Millonarios FC.
Peter Thomas Stanley Dix (6 May 1953 - 21 December 1988) was an Irish Olympic sailor who competed in the 470 in 1976.
A member of the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, he was killed when Pan Am Flight 103, where he was en route to New York City as a management consultant, exploded over Lockerbie.
Nostradamus is a 1925 Italian silent historical film directed by Mario Roncoroni and starring Cello Bucchi in the title role of Nostradamus.
They designed the logo for the Bechdel Wallace test, which identified films with two named women having a conversation about something other than a man.
Li Weijie, his wife Ayu and their two daughters Pingping and An-an, are a Chinese family living in northern Thailand since last 17 years.
Weijie run an internet service providing shop and is a film enthusiast who likes to watch detective films and has deep knowledge on the subject.
The Ship (Italian: La nave) is a 1921 Italian silent historical drama film directed by Gabriellino D'Annunzio and Mario Roncoroni and starring Ida Rubinstein, Alfredo Boccolini and Ciro Galvani.
On November 6, 1843, Walker was elected as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Wayne County district.
Nozimakhon Kayumova (born 17 August 1992) is a visually impaired Uzbekistani Paralympic athlete and she competes in F13-classification javelin throw events.
She represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's javelin throw F13 event with throw of 44.58m.
She qualified to represent Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the bronze medal in the women's javelin throw F13 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
The TV series was produced by Madhouse and Production I.G and began airing on October 6, 2013, on TX Network stations and later on AT-X.
The episodes were simulcast in the US, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Central and South America, Spain, Brazil, and Portugal by Crunchyroll with English and German subtitles.
The first seeds Pat Hughes and Fred Perry defeated Adrian Quist and Don Turnbull 6–8, 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.
She attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music and Art and Performing Arts, where Robert Joffrey taught her ballet.
Ruiz was the youngest of the group, which also included Gerald Arpino, Glen Tetley, Beatrice Tompkins, Dianne Consoer, and John Wilson (to whom Ruiz was married from 1956 to 1967).
With the Joffrey Ballet, Ruiz toured the country, performing one-night-only shows and introducing ballet as an art form to audiences across the United States.
When Rebekah Harkness, patron of the Joffrey Ballet, disputed with Joffrey in the 1960s, the company split; Ruiz joined the newly formed Harkness Ballet.
After retiring from performance in 1971, Ruiz taught and choreographed as associate director of the Baron Ballet in Waldwick, New Jersey, from 1976 to 1983.
She served as ballet mistress with the Milwaukee Ballet from 1983 to 1986, and taught at LaGuardia, her alma mater, from 1986 until her retirement in 2001.
Mahmoud Shafiei (; born 7 August 1991) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
She represented Nigeria at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's javelin throw F54 event.
She qualified to represent Nigeria at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the silver medal in the women's javelin throw F54 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
She often applies colors in glossy and matte finishes of paint to highlight this effect, which helps to draw viewers into and across the works’ layers.
In the 20016 exhibition at Nathalie Karg Gallery in New York, Provosty created an expanded multi-sensory experience by manipulating colors at the far reach of the spectrum and the surfaces that vibrate and disappear.
Provosty's paintings have been exhibited all over the world, and her works are included in the collections of the Baltimore Museum of Art, Colby Museum of Art, the Farnsworth Museum, and the Portland Museum of Art.
Harlem is a 1943 Italian sports crime film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Massimo Girotti, Amedeo Nazzari and Vivi Gioi.
It is noted for its anti-Americanism at a time when the two countries were at war, although this was considerably milder than the more violently anti-German and anti-Japanese made by Hollywood in the era.
Tommaso Rossi, a young Italian goes to America to visit his elder brother Amedeo who has a business in the construction industry.
He is discovered as a talented boxer after getting into a fight with a champion in a restaurant and flooring him.
Forced to fight in order to raise enough money to bail his brother, Tommaso is then told by a dying Amedeo to return to Italy as the American dream holds nothing for Italian American immigrants.
His work is included in the Arts Council Collection of Southbank Centre, London, the Bradford Museums and Galleries, the New Art Gallery Walsall, the Irish Museum of Modern Art's Outsider Art Collection and the Anthony Petullo Collection of Self-taught & Outsider Art at the Milwaukee Art Museum.
At the outbreak of war with France, she briefly became a privateer before the British East India Company (EIC) chartered her for one voyage to bring back sugar, saltpeter, and other goods from Bengal.
3rd whaling voyage (1819–1821): Captain Stewart (or Steward) sailed from Deal for the South Seas on 3 November 1819, having come from Hull.
In 2019, Dr. Wang was recognized as an international first-class artist by New York Academy of Art in the United States.
Matin Karimzadeh (; born 1 July 1998) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Defender for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
She received a doctorate in 1994 from the Australian National University, writing her thesis on Australian women poets Dorothy Auchterlonie, Rosemary Dobson, Dorothy Hewett, and J.S.
Ayres worked there for eight years; her time there included the development of , a clearinghouse for information about Australia's literary and print-culture history.
Ayres began working at the National Library of Australia in 2002 as a project manager for Music Australia, a discovery service for access to music resources.
In March 2017 Ayres succeeded Anne-Marie Schwirtlich as Director-General of the National Library of Australia, being appointed for a five-year term.
Her work continues to focus on providing access to the cultural history of Australia and addressing the challenges of preserving born-digital content.
She represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she finished in 4th place in the women's javelin throw F13 event.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships she won the gold medal in the women's javelin throw F13 event and she set a new world record of 46.00m.
Trayvon Henderson (born August 15, 1995) is an American football safety for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL).
Her work is included in the collections of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Museum Ludwig, Cologne and the Museum Fur Moderne Kunst in Frankfurt, Germany.
On August 13, 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army invades Shanghai, Xie Jinyuan, the Lieutenant Colonel of the 524th Regiment of the 88th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, leads more than 400 young officers to guard the Sihang Warehouse.
Their methods of torture include hitting and kicking her, pinching her with pliers, forcing her to endure sound torture, burning her with scalding oil, dumping maggots on her, and poking a needle through one of her eyes.
It was selected as the Colombian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, making the December shortlist.
She sailed from Kingston on 29 November and arrived back at Liverpool on 1 January 1801. she had left with 45 crew members and she suffered five crew deaths on her voyage.
This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump during 2020, the fourth year of his presidency as the 45th president of the United States.
This list excludes trips made within Washington, D.C., the U.S. federal capital in which the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the president, is located.
The 2019 Diamond Head Classic was a mid-season eight-team college basketball tournament that was played on December 22, 23, and 25 at the Stan Sheriff Center in Honolulu, Hawaii.
It was the eleventh annual Diamond Head Classic tournament, and was part of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1991 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
The Kiramagers fight using the , each with a will of its own that chooses the Kiramagers as worthy users and are capable of transforming into giant vehicles called .
Each Kiramager carries a , a bracelet-like device which they use to transform, along with a handgun and a , as sidearms; which can be combined into a gun.
Prior to the beginning of the series, the planet was invaded by the Yodonheim Empire, though its sole surviving heir was able to escape.
The is an empire under the command of a mysterious leader that conquered Crystalia with their invasion force before setting their sights on Earth.
A month before the premier of the television series, will be released as a prequel movie in Japanese theaters on February 8, 2020 as part of .
The plot of the film will mainly focus on Mabushiina's exodus to Earth and scouting people with Kiramental who can help her fend off the Yodonheim assassins sent after her.
The W. H. Baugh House, in Lincoln County, Idaho near Shoshone, Idaho, was built in 1910 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Constructed in 1988 for the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht, the complex was designed to fulfil the needs of the city's Jewish population, who had been without a place of worship since the 1938 pogrom when Darmstadt's three synagogues were destroyed.
Built according to plans by Alfred Jacoby, with stained glass and a Torah ark by British architectural artist Brian Clarke, the complex, also known as the Holocaust Memorial Synagogue, is located on the site of the city's former Gestapo headquarters.
Karolin is a Danish, Finnish, German, Norwegian, and Swedish feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Carolina and Caroline as well as an alternate form of Carolin.
Karólín is an Icelandic feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Carola as well as a short form of Karolína.
The Tom Byrne House, in Lincoln County, Idaho near Shoshone, Idaho< was built in 1914 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Wendell H. Gauthier (; April 14, 1943 – December 12, 2001) was an attorney known for a variety of major class action lawsuits.
He is best known for his leading role in Castano v. American Tobacco Company which established that large tobacco companies could be liable for injury to its users.
Gauthier graduated from Iota High School before earning an undergraduate degree from the University of Southwest Louisiana (Now University of Louisiana at Lafayette) where he met his future wife, Anne Barrios.
He moved to New Orleans and taught high school, as well as driver's education across the metropolitan area while simultaneously earning his Juris Doctorate from the Loyola University New Orleans College of Law.
There he became best friends with Peter Castano whose death would trigger the start of the third wave of Tobacco litigation.
Gauthier was also a coalition builder in a field that was normally extremely competitive and looked beyond his field to form close partnerships with politicians including dozens of city mayors including Mayor Marc Morial as well as Governor Edwin Edwards, and President Clinton.
Gauthier agreed to be part of a panel of experts that fixed the problem, preventing more explosions and therefore more lawsuits.
Wendell Gauthier's daughter, Celeste Gauthier now continues the Gauthier name in the firm that Wendell founded in the 1970s and which still operates out of the same building.
They undertake a variety of suits but have expanded, under the direction of managing partner John Houghtaling, to represent property owners against insurance companies.
During his life, Wendell Gauthier served as a visiting member of his alma matar's faculty and after his death, Anne Gauthier donated a new 17,657 square foot wing to the law school.
The foundation funds the Peter J. Castano Endowed Scholarship and the Michael St. Martin Chair in Environmental Law at Loyola New Orleans.
The foundation also supports the Musical Arts Society of New Orleans, the Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra , and the George Rodrigue Foundation.
Wendell Gauthier is portrayed as Wendell Rohr in John Grisham's bestselling 1996 novel Runaway Jury as well as the movie adaptation.
The novel uses the Castano v. American Tobacco Company case as its setting while the movie, released in 2003 substitutes gun control as the issue being litigated.
Karolien is a Dutch, and Swedish feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Carolina and Caroline as well as an alternate form of Carolin.
State and official visits to the United Kingdom are formal visits by the head of state of one country to the United Kingdom, during which the British Sovereign acts as official host of the visitor.
It is a royal event that involves the all assets in the Civil Service, the Royal Household and the Household Division.
State visits do not formally occur between the United Kingdom and the 15 other Commonwealth realms, as the realms all share a common monarch and head of state.
In addition, official visits to the United Kingdom by another Commonwealth realm are typically performed by their respective governor general, who in that capacity are usually in the country for an audience with the Queen.
One of the more notable as well as earliest instances of a state visit to the British Isle is the Grand Embassy of Peter the Great, which was a diplomatic mission to Western Europe in 1697 and 1698 led by Peter the Great of the Russian Empire.
Queen Victoria hosted Napoleon III for a state visit at Windsor Castle in 1855, although it consisted of more informal arrangements.
Very few formal state visits to the country did not take place prior to the reign of Queen Elizabeth in the 20th century.
One of those few state visits included one by Kaiser Wilhelm II during the reign of his uncle Edward VII in 1907.
They are usually greeted on behalf of the Queen by a member of the Royal family and the UK Foreign Secretary.
The dignitary and the monarch then ride down The Mall in a state carriage (usually the 1902 State Landau) escorted by the Household Cavalry with street liners coming from the Foot Guards.
An arrival ceremony usually takes place on Horse Guards Parade (although there are also some instances where it takes place at Buckingham Palace or Windsor Castle) with a Guard of Honour being provided by members of the Queen's Guard (usually found from one of the five regiments of foot guards: Grenadier Guards, Coldstream Guards, Scots Guards, Irish Guards, and the Welsh Guards).
Prior to a welcoming ceremony at Windsor Castle, the state guest receives a welcome at Datchet railway station with the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment and it's mounted band.
If it takes place on Horse Guards Parade, then the foreign guest and the Queen travel to Buckingham Palace in a carriage procession escorted by a large number of mounted soldiers from the Household Cavalry.
Exceptions to this included Xi Jinping who was received with a 41-gun salute in Green Park and a simultaneous 62-gun salute at the Tower of London and City of London (103 guns in total).
In recent years, Windsor Castle has hosted arrival ceremonies from President Thank Mbeki of South Africa, Abdullah II of Jordan, President Barack Obama and Margrethe II of Denmark.
During the lattermost visit, the guard of honour was provided by the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment, a unit of which she is Colonel in Chief.
Guards of honour have also been accorded for visiting dignitaries who are in the country on official or even working visits, including Soviet leaders Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev in 1956 and 1989 respectively as well as US President Donald Trump in 2018.
The largest guard of honour to be formed up for a state visit was in 2003 during the visit of President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush, when an arrival ceremony took place in the forecourt of Buckingham Palace, in which the Household Cavalry and the King's Troop were paraded in front of the visiting dignitaries.
After all royal mertings are held, the visitor then engages in meetings with leaders in Her Majesty's Government, beginning with the British Prime Minister at 10 Downing Street.
Meetings are also held with the Leader of the Opposition, the leaders of all parties in the House of Commons, and members of the British Cabinet.
In June 1978, Nicolae Ceaușescu made a state visit to the UK where a £200m licensing agreement was signed between the Romanian government and British Aerospace for the production of more than eighty BAC One-Eleven aircraft, which was said to be at the time the biggest civil aircraft agreement between two countries.
The visiting head of state, upon the Queen's request, may also be given the chance to give an address to both chambers of the British Parliament assembled on the halls of the House of Lords.
He/she addresses members of both chambers on the importances of political, economic and cultural ties shared by his/her home country with the millions of people of the United Kingdom.
The first foreign dignitary undertake such a reception was French President Albert Lebrun in March 1939 and most recently was under taken by Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.
State dinners are held at Buckingham Palace in London and on occasion at Windsor Castle in Berkshire, should the visitors stay there.
Around 150 guests are invited to the white tie event at the ballroom in Buckingham Palace for the banquet, which is an area that has a max capacity of 170 diners.
During the dinner, honours and decorations of both heads of state are worn and both speeches are checked extensively by the Foreign office.
The preparation of food begins closer to the start of the dinner to ensure the food is still fresh by the time it reahces the table.
Each place setting has six glasses (for water, red and white wine, dessert wine, champagne and port) and up to a dozen pieces of cutlery.
Large silver-gilt dishes and vessels (both of which are never used durung the ceremony) are arranged in tiers on the central table.
During the visit, a speech to the Scottish Parliament is given in the chamber, being broadcast on Parliament TV with the Presiding Officer of the Parliament being the host.
The 2019–20 North Alabama Lions women's basketball team represented University of North Alabama during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
They received an invitation to play in the Women's Basketball Invitational (WBI), where they advanced to the semifinals before losing to North Texas.
The school got its AWES affiliation in the year of 1994 and in the continuation, 1997 the school was affiliated with Central Board of Secondary Education.
Fahad Abdul Rahman Badar (born 1979) is a Qatari mountaineer known for being the first Arab male to double summit both Mount Everest and Lhotse in a single expedition on 23 May 2019.
Badar started taking climbing seriously at the age of 38 with his first summit Mount Kilimanjaro in February 2018, then onto Jebel Shams in November 2018 the eighth tallest peak in the Middle East, Mount Elbrus in August 2018 and an attempt to summit Aconcagua in December 2018.
In 2019, He received an honor from the Qatar Ministry of Culture and Sports, and also from Nepalese Embassy at Doha.
Ursus Major Mountain is a mountain summit located in Glacier National Park, in the Hermit Range of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
It was so-named by the survey party because of its proximity above Bear Creek (since renamed Connaught Creek), and in keeping with the bear theme of other nearby features such as Ursus Minor Mountain, Grizzly Mountain, Bruins Pass, and Balu Pass.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Ursus Major Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from small unnamed glaciers on its slopes drains into tributaries of the Illecillewaet River and Beaver River.
In 1747 he married the descendant of another prominent local family, Margaret Bridger, a descendant of the 17th-century Virginia political figure General Joseph Bridger.
They raised a large family, including a number of sons that would follow their father into mercantile pursuits and, later, privateering.
One of his daughters, Agatha, married Robert Shedden, who would also become a prominent Loyalist as well as Goodrich's business partner.
Some of his close relatives ended up on the opposite side of the conflict, including two nephews who served as officers on the Patriot side.
He and his sons owned and operated a dozen ships by 1774, and Goodrich also owned his own wharves, dry goods stores, warehouses, and other establishments useful to his shipping business.
Operating primarily out of Portsmouth, his small fleet shipped agricultural and timber commodities to the West Indies and to other ports in the colonies.
The Revolutionary War posed a serious threat to merchants like Goodrich, with blockades cutting off imports and exports, and privateers from both sides attacking merchant vessels.
Goodrich himself does not seem to have been particularly ideological; both sides of the conflict apparently understood he was more motivated by profit than politics.
Using one of Goodrich's sons, William, as a go-between, they provided £5,000 for the purchase of powder in the West Indies, with the understanding that John Goodrich, the father, would assist him in successfully bringing the cargo back without attracting notice.
The family elected to also purchase other cargo on the trip, risking the wrath of both the British and Patriot sides.
Though the powder did reach its destination, an intercepted letter to John Goodrich from his son-in-law Robert Shedden revealed the conspiracy to Dunmore, who took Shedden and another of Goodrich's sons into custody.
Though he recognized Goodrich's essentially mercenary character, Dunmore seized the opportunity to augment British forces with a family of experienced, capable, and ambitious ship captains.
Having been convinced that his family's interests would be better served by the British, Goodrich and his family turned to the Loyalist cause.
He set out to the West Indies to reclaim some of the money that had been left with a merchant there to purchase additional powder, but was quickly captured by British forces unaware of his new loyalties and promptly sent back to Dunmore.
On 9 March 1776, the Virginia Committee of Safety sequestered the lands and property of the Goodrich family, and when one of the Goodrich sons was caught attempting to transport slaves and stock from the sequestered property, the committee had the property confiscated and put up for auction.
Under his agreement with Dunmore, Goodrich's ships had been commissioned directly into government service, and he and his sons became some of the most notorious of the Loyalist privateers.
He was captured in North Carolina on 17 April 1776 while engaged in privateering, and by May was in a Virginia jail.
Being found guilty of treason, his entire estate was confiscated and he was imprisoned under guard, effectively a prisoner of war.
His sons vehemently rejected the committee's offer of neutrality and continued in royal service, with one joining Simcoe's Rangers, and John Goodrich himself returned to privateering after escaping prison.
His son John Goodrich, Jr. was High Sheriff of Glamorganshire in 1798, while another descendant, James Pitt Goodrich, was High Sheriff of Denbighshire in 1878.
After graduating in textile engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) in 1996, motivated by her love for music, she pursued music composition more seriously than before, which ultimately led to her entrance to Tehran University of Art, and she did an MA in music composition in 2009.
Zomorodi also took specialized courses in music theory and harmony at The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM) in Toronto, Canada and got up-to-date with these fields.
In addition to composition, Zomorodi is skilled at improvisation, and at the Fereshteh Music Nights Festival one night was allotted to her improvisational playing.
Zomorodi has been both financially and spiritually the main supporter of these meetings, which are held monthly at Tehran Book Cities and Gozar Music Academy.
Zomorodi taught music subjects to graduate and postgraduate students at Tehran University of Art and Islamic Azad University for some years.
She operated her under the United States Merchant Marine act for the War Shipping Administration, with United States Navy Armed Guards to man her deck guns.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1992 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
The 2019–20 UT Arlington Mavericks men's basketball team represent the University of Texas at Arlington in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Mavericks, led by 2nd-year head coach Chris Ogden, play their home games at the College Park Center in Arlington, Texas as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
In the Sun Belt Tournament, they defeated Georgia Southern in the semifinals, advancing to the championship game, where they were defeated by Georgia State.
John Collins was an influential Deputy Surveyor General in the Province of Canada shortly after it was captured by the British.
His wife, Margaret, died in 1770, and he had at least one child, a daughter, Mary, who married John Rankin, also a surveyor.
In the Province of Canada the Legislative Council's laws were not fully binding on the Governor, and the Governor appointed many of its members.
Nick English's wayward brother has died under mysterious circumstances, and not believing that it is an accidental death, Nick sets off to investigate on his own.
At Sevenly, he experimented with social/charitable cause-based business ecosystems by using art and fashion to raise funds and awareness for a new charity every week.
Dale has been featured in various business and editorial publications, including the cover of Entrepreneur Magazine, INC Magazine, Mashable, Forbes and the Los Angeles Times.
On a Good Morning America show, Dale revealed that his views on women's leggings influenced his wife to discard it from her wardrobe.
Both, conservatives and liberals took the internet to clash with each other on the age-old issuse of using fashion as a tool to express one's ideology.
Donald E. Stokes (1 April 1927 – 26 January 1997) was an American political scientist and dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Through thousands of interviews with American citizens during the election periods in 1948, 1952, 1954, 1956 and 1958, the authors first identified several of the core results in voting behavior that would form the Michigan model.
These include the importance of party identification, the low information level of many voters, and the large number of voters who remain undecided until immediately before an election.
At Princeton, he became the dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, which expanded significantly under his oversight.
Stokes is one of the most cited political scientists of all time, and is widely regarded as a founding scholar in the empirical study of political behavior.
On 20 December 2019, International Criminal Court chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda announced an investigation into alleged war crimes committed during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Israel has argued that the court does not apply to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict because Palestine is not a state, as Israeli attorney general Avichai Mandelblit argued in a brief released hours before Bensouda's announcement.
According to Bensouda's report, the Israeli judicial system already makes provision for punishing those accused of war crimes—meaning that the ICC may not have jurisdiction over alleged Israeli violations.
Israel is accused of illegally establishing West Bank settlements and violating the laws of war during the 2014 Gaza War, including claims of targeting Red Cross installations.
Australia argued that the issues should be resolved by negotiation, while Germany stated that it trusts the court and wants to avoid politicising the case.
She is a founding member of iQhiya Collective, a network of young black female artists based in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa.
Using the concept of land as a repository of memory, Her works reflect the notion of place or space as lived experience and hence the ability of the land to remember and communicate the memory of its occupation.
She won the pageant, becoming the first contestant from northern Nigeria to win the event.Tukura manages an online business known as StylishBeauty, which retails original branded items from various designers all around the world.
On his father‘s side he is the 4th generation in Jerusalem - his great-grandfather came to Israel from Slonim-Russia in 1867, and was a teacher (Melamed, in Hebrew) in the Hurva Synagogue in the Old city.
After finishing high school he was accepted to the academic reserve (in Hebrew העתודה האקדמית) and studied Physics-Mathematics at the Hebrew University, in a special program which included computer studies for the first time in Israel.
Alpert was asked to continue his reserve service in the IDF, as an exception, until the age of 56, since he had developed the modeling scientific basis for the modern forecasting infrastructure at the Meteorological Service and the Air Force.
During his service as a Meteorology officer in the Israel Air Force, Alpert was confronted with the severe difficulty of flood forecasting.
This motivated him to develop new techniques to predict and monitor rain, as well as to develop high-resolution models to improve forecasting.
After his release from the IDF he began his Ph.D. studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , during which he built his own meteorological model, which successfully explained the typical summer afternoon storms over the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret).
After two years in Boston, in 1982, he was invited by the Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences at Tel-Aviv University (now the Department of Earth Sciences) to become a faculty member.
During the years 2005-2008 Alpert served as Head of the Department of Geophysics at Tel-Aviv University, and then in 2008-2013 he served as the Head of the TAU Porter School for Environmental Studies.
Alpert‘s research group is engaged in theoretical studies and observations of the dynamics of atmospheric processes, using hydro-dynamical models for numerically solving the development of different phenomena.
He was the first to investigate theoretically several synoptic systems in Israel, including Sharav low, Cyprus low, Red Sea Trough, etc.
In order to investigate atmospheric phenomena Alpert devised a method allowing for the identification of the effect by different factors, including separation of synergistic effects.
The atmospheric models applied by Alpert are of three different types: The first is used for study of weather forecasting difficulties, and investigating phenomena such as rain, cyclone genesis, winds, etc.
The second type is of climate models which can be run ~100 years into the future, and with this method Alpert was the first to investigate detailed potential climate changes due to global warming in the Middle-East.
The third type of models focuses on aerosols in the atmosphere, with emphasis on mineral dust mainly from the Sahara and the Middle-East region, as well as sea-salt particles, and their effect on weather and climate.
In this book Alpert analyses weather phenomena appearing in Jewish literature, provides modern scientific explanations, and ties the literary descriptions to common situations in the climate of Israel.
Alpert had sabbaticals at NASA, where he was given the Goddard Fellow title, as well as in USA and UK universities.
He was invited as a lecturer to the program at Université catholique de Louvain Belgium, the French Meteorological Research Center in Tolouse, and NASA‘s Goddard Space Flight Center.
Alpert was the first Israeli to be awarded the Bjerknes Medal by the European Geosciences Union for 2018, in recognition of his achievements in the field of Atmospheric Sciences.
It was originally a stone and was born outside the heavens and the earth, during the Chaos era and the Xuanhuang era.
Shiji was originally a stone, who receives the essence of the sun and the moon, that was born beyond the cosmos and has become a divine spirit by undergoing earth, water, fire and air.
One day, Nezha used the bow and arrow of Rulai to shoot kill Shiji's children, and finally Shiji was also killed with a magic pestle (魔杵).
Shiji lives in the White Bone Cave of Skull Mountain, and there are two apprentices under the gate, Biyun Tongzi and Caiyun Tonger.
While trapped in this net, Taiyi summoned several dragons which unleashed a large volley of fire into the net; instantly killing Shiji and turning her back into her original form as a molten rock.
In line with preceding argument, one might also view these circumstances as contributing to the author's careful construction of sympathy pathy for Nezha.
Located in Caishiji, five miles southwest of Ma'anshan City, the Sanyuan Cave Temple (三元洞) is built with a sitting statue of Shiji.
He was runner-up in the boys' singles event to Donald Young and was also a singles semi-finalist at the 2005 US Open juniors.
In 2005 he won both of his singles matches against Pacific Oceania, then played a dead rubber in the Group II final against New Zealand, which he lost to Jose Statham.
He attended the Instituto San Isidro, leading to a degree in law, but he practiced for only a short time before deciding to change careers; having been a writer since his youth.
Most of his work is in the Modernismo style and he was deeply involved in one of the most innovative theatrical companies of the time, the , under the direction of Gregorio Martínez Sierra.
Shu’aibu Ahmed Abbas (born 2 January 1992), known professionally as Lilin Baba, is a Nigerian singer, song writer, record executive, film actor and entrepreneur.
He joined the Communist Youth League of China in January 1932 and joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in the following year.
After the founding of the Communist State, he was present at the Second Phase Offensive and Chinese Spring Offensive between 1950 and 1951 during the Korean War.
After graduation, he was appointed Political Commissar of PLA Military Institute of Engineering and Director of the Political Department of State Infrastructure Commission in 1958.
He was Political Commissar of PLA Political College in August 1980, and held that office until 1983, then he was its consultant, serving in the post until he retirement in 1986.
The 2000–01 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 101st in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Ram was elected as a legislator of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Rampur in 1977 as a Janata Party candidate.
Márta Váradiné Naszályi, commonly known as Márta V. Naszályi (born 1970), is a Hungarian landscape architect, horticulturist and politician, who has been the Mayor of Budavár (1st district of Budapest) since 2019.
Her father Gábor Naszályi is a former electric engineer and typographer, who was imprisoned for his participation in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
She earned a degree of landscape architect engineer at the University of Horticulture and Food Industry (present-day a faculty within the Szent István University).
She worked as a landscape architect and project manager for Metropolitan Horticultural Nonprofit Co. Ltd. (Főkert), then for various construction companies since 1993.
Initially, she was a candidate of the MSZP–PM electoral alliance for the position of MP for Budapest Constituency I during the 2018 parliamentary election, but, alongside other opposition politicians, withdrew her candidacy in favor of LMP politician Antal Csárdi.
She became a member of the General Assembly of Budapest in June 2018, replacing Sándor Székely, who was elected Member of Parliament two months before.
In accordance with their agreement on 6 April 2019, Naszályi was the joint candidate of opposition parties MSZP, PM, DK and Momentum for the position of mayor of Budavár during the 2019 Hungarian local elections; she defeated incumbent mayor Gábor Tamás Nagy (Fidesz), who administered the district since 1998.
In addition, he worked as a freelancer in high schools, at the adult education centre and in the record industry and church choir direction.
From 1989 to 1993 he was head of department and dean at the Catholic University of St. Gregorius Church Music in Aachen.
The Wolverines, led by head coach Erik Bakich in his eighth season, are a member of the Big Ten Conference and will play their home games at Wilpon Baseball Complex in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Following the conclusion of the regular season, the Wolverines qualified to play in the 2019 Big Ten Conference Baseball Tournament, where the Wolverines lost in the semifinals of the Big Ten Tournament to Nebraska.
Michigan received an at-large bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament, where they advanced to the College World Series and lost in the championship game to Vanderbilt.
Two gates led to the fort, one from the riverside (from the east), the other from the desert (from the west).
Geophysical research conducted in 2018 proved that there are numerous structures erected along the inner faces of the walls as well as free-standing buildings.
Violence against them is considered to be a widespread and serious national problem because in Ukraine they can become victims of commercial sexual exploitation, police violence, civil rights abuses and human trafficking.
The process was followed by transition to free market economy and rapid social changes, like impoverishment of population, high unemployment, and subsequently — sky-rocketing juvenile delinquency, wide spread of street drugs and adolescent suicides during the mid-1990s.
Living on the streets exposes the youngsters to a wide number of risk factors, and due to their effect the great part of the infants falls behind in the schooling.
The main risks of street life in Ukraine are physical and sexual violence, drug abuse, malnutrition, police abuse and harassment, risky sexual activity, forced sex, unintended pregnancy, and different kinds of infections, like HIV, tuberculosis, STDs and hepatitis.
The risks contribute to the psychological and emotional condition of the street youngsters instigating among them traumatism, depressions, sense of isolation, and insufficient self-esteem.
As a result their everyday surviving can be characterized as deviation from the ethical norms of the civil society since the street children tend to be inclined to criminal activities (theft, robbery and property damage), vagrancy, substance abuse and prostitution regardless of their gender.
The spread of HIV among the Ukrainian street children attracted a lot of special research interest due to their way of life.
The available data show that the street children and youth of the major cities make up about 33 % of total population at risk.
Testing of HIV samples collected in different Ukrainian cities demonstrates that HIV prevalence among street children may be as high as 50 %.
According to the obtained data around 15.5% of street minors in Ukraine used the injected drugs at least once, 9.8% of boys reported anal sex experience when only 36 % of them acknowledged using condom during their most recent sexual encounter.
An access of the street minors to public health services in Ukraine is a serious problem too due to cumbersome bureaucratic protocol and negative attitude of the medical personnel to the homeless people.
Some providers of the health services may refuse to treat them or provide just a limited treatment only in life-threatening condirion.
According to some reports around 75 % of the Ukrainian street children have experienced a harassment from the police and 41 % have been harassed more than tree times in the past year.
An assessment of Ukrainian Ministry of Health indicated that there is around 115,000 of adolescents aged 10—18 who need a protection.
The adults has to work longer hours or seek for employment in neighbor countries, while their children are being left unattended.
The 1999–2000 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 100th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The Mk 47 is a candidate for replacing the Mark 19 grenade launcher, first fielded in 1968, and still in widespread service, around the world.
The Mk 47 is considerably lighter than the Mk 19, is designed to fire all the same suite of grenades as the Mk 19, together with more modern grenades the Mk 19 could not fire, like the MK285 grenade.
The MK285 contains a programmable fuse, designed by Bofors, that sets the distance at which the grenade will explode, when the weapon's trigger is pulled.
The weapon's computerized sight will have measured the distance to the target the gunner was aiming at, and that distance will be transferred to the grenade's fuse.
It also means the grenade can injure or kill soldiers who are behind walls or in trenches, through indirect fire, who could not be hurt by more conventional grenades that exploded when hitting those walls.
The 125 Group is a volunteer run charity in England dedicated to the preservation of the InterCity 125s and specifically, Class 43 powercars.
The 125 Group was founded in 1994 at a time when the InterCity 125 remained in daily use and under no threat of withdrawal, in 2006 it purchased 10 Paxman Valenta engines when the majority of the Class 43 powercars were repowered with a view to restoring some to original condition when withdrawn.
In 2011, it reached an agreement with the National Railway Museum to become the custodian of Class 41 prototype powercar 41001 and restore it to operational condition at Neville Hill TMD.
Upon withdrawal in early 2020, former East Midlands Railway Class 43 powercars 43048 and 43089 will be donated by Porterbrook to the 125 Group.
In order to support its ongoing preservation efforts, an appeal was launched to raise £100,000 for a depot building to be located at its current base of operations, Great Central Railway (Nottingham).
She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2014 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup, 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2018 FINA Women's Water Polo World League.
Major-General Arnold Hughes Eagleton Reading (3 April 1896 – 4 January 1975) was an English first-class cricketer and Royal Marines officer.
He served in the Royal Marines from 1914–1946, rising to the rank of major-general, in addition to playing first-class cricket for the Royal Navy.
The son of the Reverend Mark Alfred Reading, he was born in South Africa in April 1896 at Helibron, Orange Free State.
He was educated in England at Cranleigh School, before joining the Royal Marines at the start of the First World War as a probationary second lieutenant.
During the war he was promoted twice, first to lieutenant in March 1915, while in May 1918 he was promoted to captain.
Reading later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1929.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed in the Royal Navy first-innings for 12 runs by Frederick Arnold, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 7 runs by Edward Armitage.
He was the commanding officer of 5th RM Battalion between March 1940 and February 1942, taking part in the operations in Dakar between August and October 1940.
He was made an acting colonel commandant in February 1942, while in October 1943 he was made a colonel 2nd commandant.
After the conclusion of the war, Reading held the rank of temporary brigadier and was promoted to major-general in January 1946.
He was placed on the retired list in November of the same year, having ended his career as the commander of the RM Plymouth Division.
Aaryan Banthia born on (12 February 1994), popularly known as Aaryan, is an Indian Singer-Guitarist, Composer & Record producer presently based in Mumbai and tied up with the Zee Music Company for his latest compositions releases.
He grew up in Kolkata, where he attended Akshar High School Akshar School up to class seven and then later completed his Schooling in Lawrence School, Lovedale Ooty, Tamil Nadu and finally at Delhi Public School, Ruby Park, Kolkata.
After watching Mark Knopfler (of Dire Straits) play Guitar in Dire Strait's 'On the Night' (live show), Aaryan became fascinated with the instrument.
He Pursued his Graduation in degree from Cardiff Metropolitan University where he came out as a singer in his second year of college performing at various famous pubs and doing open mics when he had the chance.
Gutknecht first began his music studies with a focus on performance practice early music, violin and conducting at the State Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln.
At the same time he taught as a lecturer at the Musicological Institute of the University of Cologne from 1970 until his retirement in 2008.
He has conducted in France, Holland and Poland, concentrating on the great oratorios of Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Händel.
The 2020 ASEAN Club Championship or the 2020 ACC will be the third edition of the ASEAN Club Championship, an international association football competition between domestic champion clubs sides affiliated with the member associations of the ASEAN Football Federation.
The final prize money for the winners will be about US$500,000, and the earliest draws for the competition will be held on 4 March 2020.
Reportedly only the first and second-placed teams in the first-tier domestic league and the winners of the national cup is eligible to enter.
A maximum of four foreigners are allowed per club which follows the Asian Football Confederation's (AFC) '3+1 rule'; three players of any nationality and a fourth coming from an AFC member nation.
In 1996, Vranić accompanied Sejo Sexon and Elvis J. Kurtović, with whom he restarted band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s.
The covered bridge was cited heritage site with the adjacent rest area by the Municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau on September 12, 2011.
The 1998–99 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 99th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
During the Yemeni civil war, Saudi Arabia led an Arab coalition of nine nations from the Middle East and parts of Africa in response to calls from the internationally recognized pro-Saudi president of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support after he was ousted by the Houthi movement due to economic and political grievances, and fled to Saudi Arabia.
Nations such as the United Kingdom and the United States support the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen primarily through arms sales and technical assistance.
MSF emergency coordinator Karline Kleijer called the US, France and the UK part of the Saudi-led coalition, which imposed the weapons embargo and blocked all ships from entering Yemen with supplies.
Human rights groups have criticized the countries for supplying arms, and accuse the coalition of using cluster munitions, which are banned in most countries.
On August 3, 2019, a United Nations report said the US, UK and France may be complicit in committing war crimes in Yemen by selling weapons and providing support to the Saudi-led coalition which is using the deliberate starvation of civilians as a tactic of warfare.
Anti-Houthi fighters defending Aden claimed they captured two officers in the IranianQuds Force on 11 April, who had purportedly been serving as military advisers to the Houthi militias in the city.
According to the AFP, a confidential report presented to the Security Council's Iran sanctions committee in April 2015 claimed that Iran had been shipping weapons to the Houthi rebels since between 2009 and 2013.
According to American officials, Iran discouraged Houthi rebels from taking over the Yemeni capital in late 2014, casting further doubt on claims that the rebels were fighting a proxy war on behalf of Iran.
On 26 September 2015, Saudi Arabia alleged that an Iranian fishing boat loaded with weapons, including rockets and anti-tank shells, was intercepted and seized in the Arabian Sea, southeast of the Omani Port of Salalah, by Arab coalition forces.
Anas AlHajji, an oil expert, said that such an attack is planned to damage the said pipelines as they replace the Strait of Hormuz's oil passages.
This includes aerial refueling permitting coalition aircraft more loitering time over Yemen, and permitting some coalition members to home base aircraft rather than relocate them to Saudi Arabia.
According to an Al Jazeera report, one reason for US support may be the diplomatic logic of tamping down SA's opposition to the Iranian nuclear deal by backing them.
On 30 June an HRW report stated that US-made bombs were being used in attacks indiscriminately targeting civilians and violating the laws of war.
Following American concern about civilian casualties in the Saudi-led war in Yemen, the US military involvement is mostly ineffective due to coalition's airstrikes targeting civilian and hospitals.
In 2017 the United States sent a total of $599,099,937 of foreign aid to Yemen despite being a supporter of the Saudi led military intervention.
In December 2017, the Trump administration urged restraint in the Saudi military action in Yemen, as well as in Qatar and Lebanon.
US bombs used by the coalition have killed Yemeni civilians throughout 2018, including a Lockheed Martin made bomb that struck a school bus in August, killing 51 people.
In the wake of Jamal Khashoggi's murder in October 2018, the US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and the US Secretary of Defense James Mattis have called for a ceasefire in Yemen within 30 days followed by UN-initiated peace talks.
On 13 December, the US Senate voted to end US military assistance to Saudi Arabia over alleged war crimes in Yemen.
Following the 56-to-41 vote in the US Senate to invoke the War Powers Resolution and to end US military support to Saudi Arabia, the Pentagon presented a bill of $331 million to Saudis and Emiratis for US' support in the Yemen Civil War.
The US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy stated that US support was limited to side-by-side coaching to mitigate civilian casualties and if the measure had passed it would do nothing to help the people of Yemen and may only increase civilian deaths.
Mulroy supported the United Nation's peace talks and he pushed the international community to come together and chart a comprehensive way ahead for Yemen.
The UK is one of the largest suppliers of arms to Saudi Arabia, and London immediately expressed strong support for the Saudi-led campaign.
In mid-September 2015, the deputy chief executive of Oxfam complained that the government even refused to reveal to Parliament the details of the 37 arms export licences it had granted for sales to Saudi Arabia since March that year.
Furthermore, the UK government has been repeatedly accused of violating domestic, EU, and international law, in particular the Arms Trade Treaty, by maintaining its flow of weapons to the Kingdom.
Despite this, it was reported in November 2015 that the UK planned a number of high-level visits to Saudi Arabia over the following three to six months with the aim of securing major arms deals.
On 2 February 2016, the International Development Select Committee finally added its call for the UK to cease exporting arms to Saudi Arabia and to end its opposition to an independent international inquiry into the way the military campaign had been conducted thus far.
In September 2016, her foreign minister, Boris Johnson, refused to block UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia, saying there remained no clear evidence of breaches of international humanitarian law by Saudi Arabia in the war in Yemen, and that it would be best for Saudi Arabia to investigate itself.
Indeed, in October 2016, Boris Johnson commended the notion of referring allegations of Russian and Russian-backed war crimes to the International Court of Justice.
The previous month, Johnson had rejected a proposal for the UN Human Rights Council to conduct an inquiry into the war in Yemen.
In October 2016, it emerged that the United Kingdom was continuing to provide instruction to pilots of the Royal Saudi Air Force, both in the UK and in Saudi Arabia.
The report also claims that British Special Forces are fighting on the same side as jihadists and militia which use child soldiers.
After the report, The shadow foreign secretary Emily Thornberry, questioned these allegations in the British parliament suggesting that the British forces may have been witnesses to war crimes, if the allegations were true.
She claimed that as many as 40% of the soldiers in the Saudi coalition were children, a breach of international humanitarian law.
According to the Guardian News agency, more than 40 Saudi officers have been trained at prestigious British military colleges since the Saudi intervention in Yemen started.
The MoD refused to state the earned money from the Saudi contracts, because it could influence Britain’s relations with the Saudis.
According to a Sky News analysis, The UK has sold at least £5.7bn worth of arms to the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen since 2015.
France has also supplied the UAE with arms, despite the UAE and the militias it backs being implicated in war crimes and other serious violations.
On 9 December, Australian media reported an Australian mercenary commander was killed in Yemen alongside six Colombian nationals after Houthi fighters and Saleh army units attacked Saudi-led forces in the country's south-west.
Transformativism refers to the method of making a flexible centrist coalition of government which isolated the extremes of the left and the right in Italian politics after the unification and before the rise of Benito Mussolini and Fascism.
The policy was embraced by Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour and the Historical Right upon Italian unification and carried over into the post-Risorgimento liberal state.
The aim was to ensure a stable government that would avoid weakening the institutions by extreme shifts to the left or right and ensuring calm in Italy.
At this time, middle class politicians were concerned more with making deals with one another rather than with political philosophies and principles.
The Liberals, the main political group, was tied together by informal gentleman's agreements, but these were always in matters of enriching themselves.
Actual governing did not seem to be happening at all, but limited franchise led to politicians not having to concern themselves with the interests of their constituents.
One of the most successful politicians was Giovanni Giolitti, who succeeded in becoming Prime Minister on five different occasions over twenty years.
Under his influence the Liberals did not develop as a structured party, instead being a series of informal personal groupings with no formal links to political constituencies.
This system brought almost no advantages, as illiteracy remained the same in 1912 as before the unification era, and backward economic policies combined with poor sanitary conditions continued to prevent the country's rural areas from improving.
In the 1930s, Professor Frank H. Underhill of the University of Toronto also argued that Canada's two major political parties, the Liberals and the Conservatives, had operated in similar ways, advancing the same policies appealing to the same variety of sectional/regional and class interests.
Not coincidentally, Underhill was centrally involved in the formation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, a farmer-labour coalition born during the Great Depression which became Canada's first successful federal third party, the social democratic New Democratic Party.
She earned her PhD at Harvard University and is currently the Ibn Rushd Lecturer of Arabic at the University of Chicago.
The lac aux Martres is a body of water on the hydrographic side of the rivières des Martres and the Saguenay River via a succession of lakes and ruisseau des Érables.
It is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The southern part of Lac aux Martres is served indirectly by the route 381 (north-south direction) which runs along the eastern limit of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
The surface of Lac aux Martres is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Lac aux Martres has a length of in the shape of a boat anchor, a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
This work indicates that the land surveyor, F Vincent, in 1886, described it as being located in mountainous terrain, surrounded by fir and spruce; it also notes the presence of trout in its waters.
This name evokes the presence of the Canada marten, carnivorous mammal also called fisher, whose fur has long adorned the collars of coats.
Chikkodi-Sadalga (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
The core White House staff appointments, and most Executive Office of the President officials generally, are not required to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate, with a handful of exceptions (e.g., the director of the Office of Management and Budget, the chair and members of the Council of Economic Advisers, and the United States trade representative).
Its data, published by IFPI Denmark and compiled by Nielsen Music Control, is based collectively on each single's weekly digital sales.
It is compiled by Nielsen Music Control in association with the Danish branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), and the new number-one album is announced every Thursday at midnight on the official Danish music charts website.
Source is a family of sublanguages of JavaScript, developed for the textbook Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, JavaScript Adaptation (SICP JS).
The JavaScript sublanguages Source §1, Source §2, Source §3 and Source §4 are designed to be just powerful enough to support all examples of the respective chapter of the textbook.
During the development of SICP JS, starting in 2008, it became clear that purpose-designed sublanguages of JavaScript would contribute to the learning experience.
Since the Safari browser is ECMAScript 2016 compliant, including proper tail calls, it can serve as an implementation of all Source languages, provided that the necessary libraries are loaded.
The Source Academy is a web-based programming environment that implements all Source languages, regardless of browser support for proper tail calls, and features various tools for the readers of SICP JS.
Other places that see tourism are the capital city, Niamey, areas around the Niger River, and reserves such as Kouré which is known for West African giraffes.
There has recently been travel warnings to the Niger because of terrorism as a result of the insurgency in the Sahel.
Condução coercitiva is a compulsory method of bringing subjects of a judicial process, victims, witnesses, accused parties, or expert subjects into the presence of law enforcement or judicial authorities against their wishes.
This is a measure provided for in the Penal Code of Brazil (CPP) as a means of compelling the appearance of a person to attend an action to which he was summoned, but who failed to do so without justification.
If equated with precautionary detention, is contrary to the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 Article 5, paragraph LXI, even though the procedure is in the Penal Code of Brazil, instituted in 1941.
The CPP authorizes the enforcement of the of victims, witnesses, defendants, and experts who refuse to appear in court, and who may even be handcuffed and brought by police vehicle.
Thus, some argue that even with the justification of providing clarification to the police investigation and even in the interests of justice, the warrant without a summons violates the right to liberty of witnesses and defendants.
According to this line of thinking, the only ones who can be compelled to appear by a are those witnesses who were appropriately summoned beforehand and who fail to attend the act to which they were summoned, without valid cause, may be compelled to appear via a warrant.
While Hanae, Nao, Aika and Miyuki were contestants on the show, Hanae was also a member of WACK's trainee goup Wagg.
A fifth member, Kaede, who was also a contestant on the show, was added to the group's line-up on December 25.
The 1997–98 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 98th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and it is competed between 12 teams, the winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending of the result of a promotion play-off that is disputed against a winner of the neighboring counties series.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, the Romanian Football Federation proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
The Table Tennis at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games was held between 30 May to 5 June at HDB Club, Toa Payoh.
The Bank is accused of laundering funds from allegedly corrupt schemes on behalf of offshore companies and individuals, assisting corruption and other criminal activities, shown also in te Panama Papers.
The bank has been at the centre of political-criminal scandal and plays a central role in the political crises up from 2019.
The Bank is accused, by the reporter Daphne Caruana Galizia and up from 2019 the Maltese Authorities, of laundering funds from allegedly corrupt schemes on behalf of offshore companies and individuals.
The release of the Panama Papers also revealed that the Bank facilitated suspicious transactions from Panama in the name of politically exposed persons.
Haschemi Nedschad is charged in a New York district court is committing bank fraud, by funnelling over $115 million in payments for a Venezuelan housing complex through the US financial system for the benefit of his Iranian family’s companies.
In the fourth corner, south-eastern, there was a much younger oval tomb of Sheikh Abu Nafisa, dated to the last centuries of the Funj Sultanate (18th-19th century).
Fort Abu Nafisa, unlike Hosh el-Kab, was erected too close to the river, so the high floods that occasionally occur have been damaging the architecture.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico.
The DMA will deal with the headquarters of three armed forces, the tri-service Integrated Defence Staff (IDS), Army, Naval, Air and Defence Staff Headquarters, the Territorial Army and certain procurement requirements.
DMA will also deal with promoting jointness through joint planning, facilitate restructuring for optimal utilisation of resources and promote the use of indigenous equipment by the Services.
The DMA, being under the Chief of Defence Staff will also deal with the role and responsibilities assigned to the chief.
Born in Münster, Warnecke studied musicology, Germanistic and Romance studies at the University of Münster and the Scuola di Paleografia e Filologia Musicale in Cremona.
Already in 1998 he was engaged as personal advisor to the General Music Director Will Humburg and as Music Dramaturge at the Theater Münster and the Münster Symphony Orchestra (until 2007).
Since 2013 he has held a teaching position at the Communication Science Seminar of the University of Erfurt, where he has been a music dramaturgist in the ensemble of the Theater Erfurt since 2007.
Warnecke worked with the stage directors Marc Adam, Matthew Ferraro, Lorenzo Fioroni, Rosamund Gilmore, Jean-Louis Grinda, Michael Hampe, , Dominique Horwitz, Stephen Lawless, , and Pamela Recinella, Werner Schneyder, Katharina Thalbach and Katharina Wagner.
He participated in the demonstration curling events at the 1988 Winter Olympics and 1992 Winter Olympics, where the Swedish team finished in fifth place both times.
The 2019–20 Egyptian Super Cup (also known as the 2019–20 SAIB Egyptian Super Cup for sponsorship reasons) will be the 17th Egyptian Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Egyptian Premier League and Egypt Cup.
It will be played at the Mohammed bin Zayed Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, on 20 February 2020, contested by Al Ahly and Zamalek.
Pyramids managed to grab 10 points out of 12 possible from their matches against Al Ahly and Zamalek and were leading the table by Matchday 29.
However, after winning only 1 match and drawing 4 in their last 5 matches of the season, Pyramids missed their chance to win the league and to qualify for the CAF Champions League as they finished the league in 3rd place.
Al Ahly eventually won the league for the 41st time in their history with 1 game to spare following their 3–1 win against Al Mokawloon Al Arab.
Zamalek won the 2018–19 Egypt Cup after defeating Pyramids 3–0 in the final, winning the title for the 27th time in their history.
Identical to the previous editions of the competition, the Egyptian Football Association were heavily criticized for the draw procedure where the cup defending champions and the league winners were placed in different paths to make sure that they could face each other only in the final.
During the 2018–19 season, both teams met each other in the league two times and once in the Egyptian Super Cup.
Al Ahly won the second encounter 1–0 which was played on 28 July 2019 at the same stadium thanks to Ali Maâloul's second-half strike.
The third encounter was the previous season's super cup, which was played on 20 September 2019 and also at Borg El Arab Stadium.
Al Ahly won the match 3–2 with two goals from Junior Ajayi and one from Hussein El Shahat, while Mahmoud Alaa scored a brace of penalties for Zamalek.
The 1928 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 40th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 14 October 1928, University College Cork won the championship following a 1-06 to 0-02 defeat of Duhallow United in the final at The Mardyke.
Courtney is careless in the instructions he gives Hornblower, and is very angry with him when Hornblower promises them Courtney will not retaliate against them.
Sternlicht notes that Forester re-used the premise of Hornblower angering a senior officer whose instructions gave him the leeway to be lenient with mutineers.
He and his wife Rosemary now live in County Tyrone, where they have spent 15 years converting 17 acres of barren fields into a wildlife refuge.
Abraham Munting (19 June 1626 Groningen - 31 January 1683 Groningen) was a Dutch botanist and botanical artist, the son of (1583-1658).
He studied under his father and at the universities of Franeker, Utrecht and Leiden, also spending two years in France where he obtained an M.D.
The work enjoyed popularity, partly because of its departure from traditional botanical illustration, in that plant species were depicted against a background of classic or pastoral landscapes, often floating in midair with little regard for perspective and relative sizes.
Illustrated were trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses of temperate zones, with some tropical and subtropical plants that had been introduced to the Netherlands.
The 1960 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 72nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 23 October 1960, University College Cork won the championship following a 1-07 to 0-09 defeat of Avondhu in the final.
Andalusian Unity (, UA) was a political party launched in December 1980 by former minister Manuel Clavero as a split from the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) over disagreement with UCD's autonomic policy on the 1980 Andalusian autonomy initiative referendum.
An electoral coalition with the conservative People's Alliance (AP) was considered ahead of the 1982 Andalusian regional election, but in the end it was rejected and the party chose not to contest the election out of a lack of campaign funding.
It also unsuccessfully probed a coalition with Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) ahead of the 1982 Spanish general election.
This forms a wye diverging off the Toledo Subdivision in Overpeck, Ohio at Overpeck Junction and meeting the Middletown Subdivision at HM Junction.
The Former B&O branch from New Miami, Ohio to Middletown, Ohio was built for the express purpose of serving the massive steel mill belonging to the American Rolling Mills (ARMCO), now owned by AK Steel.
Brian Tonna has known businessman and öater Muscat chef of staff Keith Schembri as a personal friend and client in 2019 for 20 years, according to a written declaration made by Tonna and seen by Reuters.
After Joseph Muscat won the Maltese election in 2013, Tonna, like Keith Schembri and others became inoffical part of his office team.
The work was in addition to previously disclosed business contracts, worth more than 800.000 Euros, awarded by other government ministries to NexiaBT.
Brian Tonna held the consultancy full-time from August 2014 to August 2016, and part-time from then until August 31, 2017, contracts, obtained from a Freedom of Information request.
Reuters wrote, Tonnas pay of about 55.000 Euros annually plus expenses was almost as high as that of the prime minister of Malta.
In April 2017 journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia wrote that shares in Egrant Inc. were held by Mossack Fonseca nominees for Michelle Muscat, the wife of Joseph Muscat.
In May 2017, Maltese authorities launched a judicial investigation into payments totalling 100,000 Euros made by Tonna to Schembri at a private bank.
The 1955 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 67th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 23 October 1955, Lees won the championship following a 3-04 to 0-09 defeat of Macroom in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Wolfgang Friedrich Gess (also spelled Geß) (* 27 July 1819 in Kirchheim unter Teck; † 1 June 1891 in Wernigerode) was a German Lutheran theologian.
Gess entered upon his duties in April 1880 and as general superintendent of the Old Prussian, he headed the Church province of Posen until 1884.
At conception, Logos was united with the body of Jesus, instead of God creating a human soul, as he does with other men.
Controversially, Gess thinks that the humanity of Jesus required him to allow his self-consciousness to be extinguished at birth, only to begin to flash through at a certain stage of his physical maturity, and then developing with the goal of sanctification, which is achieved step by step in the choices he freely makes.
The Son no longer proceeds from the Father, and the Spirit proceeds from the Father alone, rather than from the Father and the Son.
The 1891 Cork Senior Football Championship was the fifth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1892 Cork Senior Football Championship was the sixth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1996–97 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 97th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
He was elected to the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from Sarath in the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
The 1928 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
North Dakota voted for the Republican nominee, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, over the Democratic nominee, Governor of New York Al Smith.
Hoover ran with Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas, whilst Smith ran with Senate Minority Leader Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas.
Although Hoover carried the state, Smith – aided by La Follette’s family’s endorsement of him after La Follette died and North Dakota’s predominantly German Catholic and Lutheran culture – made a massive advance upon James M. Cox’ and John W. Davis’ performances earlier in the decade.
Whereas North Dakota had been Cox’ and Davis’ second-weakest state in 1920 and 1924, it voted 7.07 points more Democratic than the nation at-large in [1928.
In some counties that were largely Lutheran, Smith still made tremendous gains because of his opposition to Prohibition, which was repealed concurrently with this election at a statewide level in North Dakota.
This allowed Smith to be the first Democrat to carry McIntosh County – which had been the nation’s most Republican county in 1920 and where no Democrat had previously gained over 22% of the vote – Logan County, Mercer County, Morton County and Sioux County.
The Forward for Future 4.0 (Korean: 미래를 향한 전진 4.0) is a South Korean political organisation intends to be an official political party.
The Forward for Future 4.0 was founded by its President, Lee Un-ju, a former MP of the Bareunmirae Party who was dissatisfied with the leadership of Sohn Hak-kyu.
They announced 44 members including leadership figures, such as Park Hwee-rak (Chief Deputy President), Song Geun-john (Deputy President), Park Ju-won (Secretary-General), Lee Jong-hyuk (General Chairman of the Organising Committee), and Kim Won-sung (Chairman of the Strategic Planning Committee).
They also recruited 86 members — 14 for entrepreneurship, economy, labour and renovation, 7 for security and industrial security, 51 for youth startup, and 14 for youth student councils.
The Tactical and Logistic Support Regiment () is a military logistics regiment of the Italian Army based in Solbiate Olona in Lombardy.
The regiment is operationally assigned to the NRDC-ITA Support Brigade and provides the necessary logistics and security assets for the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy to operate.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
In addition, he was president of the Allgemeine Musik-Gesellschaft Zürich (AMG) from 2001 until 2007 and, to the present day, the International Bach Society Schaffhausen (IBG).
Al-Shohada International Stadium () is the most modern football stadium and the first ever stadium solar power plant in the city of Baghdad and the middle-Euphrates area.
Al-Shohada International Stadium's construction started in 2 July 2012 and the construction was at an overall cost of $100,000,000 funded by the government of Iraq.
Sinclair made his debut in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1913.
Following the war, he made two further first-class appearances for the Royal Navy in 1919, against Cambridge University and the British Army.
Playing as a right-arm medium pace bowler, he took a total of 9 wickets in his three matches, with best figures of 4 for 162.
He was placed on the retired list at his own request in April 1931, at which point he was granted the rank of commander.
The regiment is operationally assigned to the Army Logistic Command and provides the transport between operational units and the logistic command's maintenance centers.
Like all transport units of the Italian Army the regiment was named for a historic road near its base: in the 8th regiment's case for the medieval Via Casilina.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
This is a list of basins, camping grounds, lakes, mountains, mountain passes, outposts, plains, rivers, ruins, settlements, streams, valleys, villages, and other geographical features located in (or partially included in) the sparsely populated Aksai Chin region administered by China and claimed by India as part of Ladakh.
In 2006, Rangoli was engaged to be married to Vikram, an officer of the Indian Air Force, when a friend of hers began stalking her and asked her to marry him.
Quite vocal on social media, Rangoli has always been part of controversies due to her unfiltered comments on social terms and on Bollywood.
The regiment is operationally assigned to the Army General Staff and provides the necessary transport for the general staff to operate.
Like all transport units of the Italian Army the regiment was named for a historic road near its base: in the 11th regiment's case for the Roman road Via Flaminia.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
North Dakota was won narrowly by incumbent President Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with incumbent Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, with 47.84% of the popular vote, against Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Charles Evans Hughes (R–New York), running with former Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks, with 46.34% of the popular vote.
Apart from the state’s first presidential election in 1892, this is the closest presidential result on record in North Dakota, although the state was only the sixth-closest of the 1916 election.
The lac Kénogamichiche is a freshwater body of the watershed of the La Belle Rivière and lac Saint-Jean, in the municipality of Hébertville, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The area around the lake is served by the route 169 which passes to the west and by the rang Saint-Isidore road (north shore), for the needs of recreational tourism activities, especially the resort.
The surface of Lake Kénogamichiche is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by riparian streams, by the outlet (coming from the south) of Vert Lake and by the stream of the Floating Bridge (coming from the northeast).
On the south side, this lake is separated from Vert Lake, by a strip of land with a width varying between and , along the entire length of the lake.
From the mouth of Lake Kénogamichiche, the current follows the course of the Aulnaies river consecutively on towards the northwest, the course of the Belle Rivière on towards the north-west (via a bay), then crosses the eastern part of Lac Saint-Jean towards the north on , follows the course of the Saguenay river via the Petite Décharge on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
This body of water is located in the hollow of a kettle formed following global warming 10,500 years ago, which followed a glaciation whose cover was about three kilometers thick.
Located in the municipality of Hébertville, it is located on the old waterway that once connected the Saguenay to Lake Saint-Jean via Lake Kénogami.
When man started to take off the planet, psychological and cognitive changes were reported by people who directly interacted with outer space, either in visual manner or in exposure, demonstrated a quality of being furiously motivated and concerned about the Earth.
The regiment is operationally assigned to the Defense General Staff and provides the necessary transport for the staff and the Italian Ministry of Defense to operate.
Like all transport units of the Italian Army the regiment's battalion was named for a historic road near its base: in the 10th battalion's case for the Roman road Via Salaria.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Wall Street Journal reported that IBM had received 15 complaints of a short circuit occurring between the circuitry and a conductive coating inside the case which, in some instances, has melted a small hole in the case.
The short occurs when the laptop is run on batteries, and IBM reported it will install a fuse to stop overheating.
One year after the announcement of the L40SX, on 24 March 1992, four other notebooks were announced by IBM: N51SX, N51SCL, N45SL and the CL57SX.
He was interested in sports in the early years and at the age of 5 he started playing sports with his older brother Shokhrukh Adashev.
He was engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in his city under the leadership of Ikrom Jalilov and took first places in regional and republican competitions.
Under his trainer, Adashev became a multi time national champion in Nippon Kempo Kyokai, as well as champion of Asian Hand to Hand combat, champion of national Hand to Hand combat and champion of the Central Asian Hand to Hand combat.
Sherlock Holmes in Russia () is a Russian detective TV series based on Arthur Conan Doyle's stories about the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes.
Dr. Kartsev starts helping him solve very strange, confusing, and complicated crimes, and Holmes is once again forced to convince law enforcement authorities of the correctness of his deductive methods of investigation.
The unification of cultures through the adaptation of the Englishman in Russia, new crimes and love are the components of the project that create a new story - 'Sherlock in Russia'”.
He attended the Britannia Royal Naval College, graduating into the Royal Navy as an acting sub-lieutenant, with confirmation in the rank following in January 1921.
Garrett made his debut in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1926.
He made three further first-class appearances for the navy in 1929, playing against the Marylebone Cricket Club, the Army and the Royal Air Force.
Playing as a bowler, he took a total of 7 wickets in his four matches, with best figures of 3 for 124.
He was promoted to lieutenant commander in December 1930, before being placed on the retired list at his own request in January 1934.
He came out of retirement during the Second World War, during which he was promoted to commander in March 1941 and mentioned in dispatches in November 1944.
The Lac Vert is a freswater body of the watershed of Belle Rivière and Lac Saint-Jean, in the municipality of Hébertville, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The area around the lake is served by the route 169 which passes to the west, by the rang Saint-Isidore road (north shore) and by the rang du Lac Vert road (south shore), for the needs of recreational tourism activities, especially vacationing.
The surface of Lac Vert is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
On the north side, this lake is separated from Kénogamichiche Lake, by a strip of land with a width varying between and , along the entire length of the lake.
From the mouth of Lac Vert, the current crosses Kénogamichiche Lake on to the west, then follows the course of the Rivière des Aulnaies on north-west, the course of La Belle Rivière on north-west (via a bay), then crosses the eastern part of Lac Saint-Jean toward north on , follows the Saguenay river via the Petite Décharge on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Heather Anderson is a Scottish politician, who briefly served as the Member of the European Parliament for the Scotland constituency in late January 2020.
She was originally placed fifth on the Scottish National Party list for the 2019 European Parliament election, where the party won 3 seats.
However, following the election of first placed Alyn Smith at the 2019 United Kingdom general election, he ceased to be an MEP, as an individual cannot simultaneously be a member of a member state's legislature and of the European Parliament.
Susan Bond (born 1942), was a scientific officer and computer programmer for the Mathematics Division of the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) in the United Kingdom.
She worked extensively on the ALGOL 68 programming language and the Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer (RREAC), an early solid-state, ICL 1907F computer.
After graduating from Bristol, Bond was interested in working in applied mathematics, although she didn't have computer training before that point.
She applied to and joined the Mathematics Division of the RRE in 1965; she was hired by British mathematician and engineer Philip Woodward.
One of her first projects was reimplementing Syntax Improving Device (SID), a compiler-compiler tool developed by Michael Foster (another RRE employee) to generate compilers for high-level programming languages.
After the International Federation for Information Processing published the specifications for the more powerful ALGOL 68 in 1968, RRE attempted to adapt it for use on the RREAC.
The team that worked on ALGOL 68-R intended for the language to become the RRE's primary programming language, which could be used for scientific programming as well as business administration tasks like payroll and taking inventory.
Bond and Woodward continued to update and publish new versions of the their guide for the RRE's later implementations of ALGOL, such as ALGOL 68RS.
Bond was promoted to Superintendent of Computing and Software Research of the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in 1980 (the RRE merged with several other research institutions and was renamed in 1976).
As part of her role, Bond collaborated with the Open Software Foundation on the Architecture Neutral Distribution Format and on computing policy for the UK Ministry of Defense.
On 25 September 2019, he was appointed as Chairperson of Pakistan's Strategic Policy Planning Cell under National Security Division for a two-year period.
On 24 December 2019, he was appointed as the Special Assistant to the Prime Minister of Pakistan on National Security Division and Strategic Policy Planning.
The boys' ice hockey tournament at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held from 18 to 22 January at the Vaudoise aréna in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The girls' ice hockey tournament at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held from 17 to 21 January at the Vaudoise Aréna in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Born in Niederkrüchten, Loos studied music education from 1971 to 1974 and musicology, art history and philosophy from 1974 to 1980 at the University of Bonn.
He received his doctorate in 1980 and was a research assistant at the Musicology Department of the University of Bonn from 1981 to 1989.
His research focuses on the music of the 19th and 20th centuries, religious music and the music-cultural relations of Germany with Central and Eastern Europe.
On 24 December 2019, a large group of militants on motorcycles attacked civilians and a military base in Arbinda, Soum Province, Burkina Faso.
The battle and attacks lasted several hours, until the militants were pushed back by the Burkina Faso Army with the help of its air force.
The IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of dependability and security.
He participated in the demonstration curling events at the 1988 Winter Olympics and 1992 Winter Olympics, where the Swedish team finished in fifth place both times.
When blood smears and bone marrow preparations from patients with Alder-Reilly anomaly are stained and examined microscopically, large, coarse granules may be seen in their neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
The condition may be mistaken for toxic granulation, a type of abnormal granulation in neutrophils that occurs transiently in inflammatory conditions.
While the anomaly is generally considered to exhibit autosomal recessive inheritance, it may also occur in carriers who are heterozygous for the Tay–Sachs mutation, although the inclusions are much less frequent than in homozygotes.
But the food they supplied was insufficient for the number of prisoners, and bad weather could prevent the landing of the food for weeks at a time.
Spanish authorities weren't providing any clothing or blankets to the prisoners, and, after two years confinement, all of their clothes had worn out.
When Hornblower approaches the island he sees that the Spanish victualing ship has given up on trying to land food, because the wind is in the wrong quarter for a landing on the island's single beach.
Through his superior seamanship Hornblower is able to shoot a line to the prisoners, and use it to let them tow to shore a casks of food from his own ship's stores.
He won the bronze medal in the men's long jump T12 event and the bronze medal in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay T11-13 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
In 2019 he qualified to represent Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the gold medal in the men's long jump T12 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
The facility has its origins in the Ashbourne Union Workhouse which was located in Belle Vue Road and was completed in 1848.
It became the Ashbourne Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and joined the National Health Service as St Oswald's Hospital in 1948.
After the old hospital became dilapidated, a site on Clifton Road, just a few hundred yards south, was acquired and a modern facility was built and opened as the new St Oswald's Hospital in October 2010.
The Jabłońskis, eventually settled in the Pakhta-Aral sovkhoz in the village of Ilich, have been among Poles unvoluntary deported by the Soviet authorities to Kazakhstan, sharing their lives with the locals.
Despite an extremely difficult situation – sanitary conditions, food shortage, and hard labor causing a high mortality rate among the inhabitants – Tassybay Abdikarimov has been helping the Jabłońskis to adapt, especially by providing food to the ill Walenty and rest of the family.
Walenty, thanks to the medical education he had begun before the deportation, has been serving local community as physician, gaining recognition.
He received the honour from the President Andrzej Duda during the event at the Polish Theatre in Warsaw, in the presence of the Deputy Marshal of the Sejm Małgorzata Gosiewska, Deputy Prime Piotr Gliński, as well as Walenty Jabłoński.
Moirang Kangleirol or Ancient Moirang is a civilization which flourished in the periphery of the Loktak lake in the ancient kingdom of Moirang, in Kangleipak (present day Manipur).
As the government being in the form of absolute monarchy, all the state powers lie in the hands of the emperor (Iwang Puriklai).
The eight Leikais are Ngangkha Leikai, Khoyon Leikai, Nganglou Leikai, Khambi Leikai, Higa Leikai, Okchin Leikai, Chenglei Leikai and Yaoshu Leikai, with each controlled by a Leikai Lakpa (a ward mayor).
The nine market places are Khori Keithel, Ngangkha Keithel, Khoyon Keithel, Nganglou Keithel, Khambi Keithel, Higa Keithel, Okchin Keithel, Chenglei Keithel and Yaoshu Keithel.
The kingdom holds one of the most powerful position among its rivals, on ancient times, especially with Khuman and Mangang dynasties.
It is also famous for the Ebudhou Thangjing Temple near the Moirang Kangla, which is the abode of the Lord Eputhou Thangjing, the national deity of the kingdom.
Moirang is best known for her rich resources of mythology especially the Moirang Shayon, which is the account of the nine incarnations of the Lord and his Lady in the erstwhile ancient kingdom of Moirang.
Moirang is known from the ancient times, about the grand performances of various month long religious festivals especially Lai Haraoba festival held in the premise of the Ebudhou Thangjing Temple to praise the deity Eputhou Thangjing.
Religious rites and rituals are offered to various gods and goddesses to seek their blessings for the prosperity, harmony and welfare of the kingdom.
She was also named by Arabian Business as one of the '30 Most Influential Women in the Arab World' in 2019.
She earned a Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Bahrain alongside a Masters degree in electronics and communication in 1994.
Her tenure as CEO of Batelco from 2015 to 2017 coincided with the liberalisation of Bahrain's telecom industry against Batelco's monopoly, and saw the company still retaining a leading market share.
In 2017, she was appointed as deputy CEO of the Batelco Group, an international telecommunications group with operations in 14 countries including Batelco itself.
In 2018, she was ranked 15th by Forbes Middle East amongst the 100 Most Influential Women in the Middle East, having previously been featured on the list for 4 consecutive years.
Al Hashemi is a board member of the Jordanian telecom company Umniah, as well as the Bahraini tech start-up company C5 Nebula.
, stylized as , is a video game developer company founded at 2016 by Masamitsu Niitani (founder of the former company Compile and the creator of Puyo Puyo), as a new venture.
Niitani decided to found COMPILE⁠◯ in order to publish his new development, Nyoki Nyoki, and as a new venture after the company he founded previously (Compile).
In an interview with Fumio Kurokawa, Niitani talks about the success of Puyo Puyo and how a game potentially on par with Tetris grew the company he founded in 1982.
Forester about fictional character Horatio Hornblower's command of the Royal Yacht, during a nautical expedition of the King George III and his entourage.
A superior French force puts the King at risk, and Hornblower has to employ every scrap of skill to prevent capture.
Francisco Guerreiro is a Portuguese politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the People Animals Nature party.
José Manuel Fernandes is a Portuguese politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party.
In addition to his committee assignments, Fernandes is part of the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
Lídia Pereira is a Portuguese politician of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
She is also president of the Youth of the European People's Party (YEPP), that represents over 1 million youngsters all across Europe.
In the 2019 European elections Pereira was the first politician to run a carbon neutral political campaign, drawing attention to climate change.
Since joining the European Parliament, she has been serving as her parliamentary group's deputy coordinator in the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and as member of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.
In addition to her committee assignments, Pereira is part of the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.
Doniyor Saliev qualified for the men's long jump T12 event after winning the gold medal in the men's long jump T12 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Nozimakhon Kayumova qualified for the women's javelin throw F13 event after winning the bronze medal at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Safiya Burkhanova qualified for the women's shot put F12 event after winning the silver medal at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Cláudia Aguiar is a Portuguese politician of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2014.
In addition to her committee assignments, Aguiar has also been part of the Parliament's delegations for relations with Brazil (2014-2019) and South Africa (since 2019.
Rear Admiral Arthur Edmund Wood (23 February 1875 – 30 January 1961) was an English first-class cricketer and Royal Navy officer.
Wood made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1912.
He served in the First World War, during which he was promoted to captain in December 1915 and served in the latter stages of the war as captain of .
He was placed on the retired list at his own request in June 1922, with promotion to rear admiral coming while on the retired list in August 1926.
He was deemed unfit for service during the Second World War and later died in January 1961 at Ryton, County Durham.
The main objective of the KLA forces was to capture the line across the White Drin and the Pashtrik peak in order to secure safe passage of weapons and personnel across the Albanian-Kosovo border.
In addition to her committee assignments, Cerdas is part of the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
While the WIAC has existed since the 1910s, the number conference members that supported ice hockey programs had never reached the minimum required to receive an NCAA Tournament automatic bid (seven).
Despite this hurdle, the conference elected to form an ice hockey division for the 2013–14 season, to become an all-sports conference.
The bike was used in the 500cc class of grand Prix motorcycle racing from 1997 until 2001, when the company got taken over by the Malaysian automobile company Proton.
Proton renamed the bike, calling it the Proton KR3 and using it for three more seasons - from 2002 to 2004 - before replacing it with the newer Proton KR5 machine.
The origins of the KR3 lie with the strained relationship three-time 500cc champion Kenny Roberts had with the Factory Yamaha team at the time.
After Wayne Rainey became paralysed from the chest down due to a crash he sustained at the 1993 Italian Grand Prix and Yamaha's rivals Honda and Mick Doohan took multiple titles, Roberts became increasingly unhappy with Yamaha's working method in the mid 1990s.
He was constantly unhappy with the progress of their bikes and even complained many times publicly that the factory did not listen to his feedback on how to improve their motorcycles.
Because of this, he made an announcement that surprised everyone in 1996 – he was breaking away from the Factory Yamaha team - after 25 years of close collaboration - at the end of the 1996 season, working together with the Modenas company to create a new motorcycle for the newly formed Team Roberts in 1997.
The main reasons why Modenas decided to work together with Roberts was for two reasons: The company hoped that some of the technology would eventually make their way into their future models, and that participation in the 500cc would make their brand more known amongst the public.
They decided to create a unique three-cylinder, two-stroke, 500cc machine since the rules at the time gave three-cylinder machines a 10kg weight advantage over the usual four-cylinder bikes.
This was also deemed as an advantage as the racetracks during this time had more corners than long straights for the four-cylinder machines to utilize, some examples being Shah Alam and Donington Park.
Even the fueling system was ahead of its time, the team adopting electronic carburetors without float bowls which used ducted air to atomize the fuel, much like a fuel-injection system.
The result of this was an engine that produced 160 hp in the early years, and the team went on to improve the engine, producing 180 hp in 2002.
The bodywork was designed in such a way that it would wrap tightly around the frame for a smaller frontal profile.
New and small teams such as the KR team often had to use old tyres or those designed for other bikes, sometimes even both.
The team continued to underperform all throughout the year, but did better than its debut year and scored a total of 105 points with a best place finish of sixth, courtesy of Roberts Jr, finishing fourth in the constructor standings..
The KR3 was supremely fast in midcorner and there were other riders who commented that they were led into entering corners too fast behind it.
However, when the situation was reversed, the KR3 riders found themselves blocked by the slower four-cylinder machines and then outgunned at the corner exits.
His replacement came in the form of an American rookie called Mike Hale, along with three replacement drivers; José David de Gea, Mark Willis and James Whitham.
The lack of experience amongst the riders did not help and the team only scored a total of 17 points - their worst result ever - and only managed a best-place finish of twelfth.
The KR team decided to change its driver line-up once more in 2000, letting go of Mike Hale and making David de Gea a permanent driver for the season, along with Luca Cadalora, Anthony Gobert and Mark Willis as replacement drivers when José was not available.
The team did better than last year but still struggled compared to the competition, earning 30 points, scoring a best-place finish of eighth and finishing sixth in the constructor championship.
In terms of driver line-up, David de Gea was replaced with Dutch rider Jurgen van den Goorbergh and the replacement riders were replaced with a new wildcard rider: Kurtis Roberts.
Overall, the team scored 65 points, managed a best-place finish of seventh and finished fourth in the constructor championship, equalling the result of its debut year in 1997.
van der Goorbergh was let go and the team decided to get two regular drivers again: the experienced Nobuatsu Aoki and Jeremy McWilliams, along with David García as a wildcard rider.
This was the last year for the bike as it was gradually replaced by the newer Proton KR5 motorbike during this season, and would be made obsolote completely from 2004 onwards.
It reached a total of 46 points, got a best-place finish of sixth and finished sixth in the constructor standings, narrowly losing out to the Factory Suzuki team but staying well ahead of the factory Kawasaki team.
In April 2017 journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia suggested that shares in Egrant Inc. were held by Mossack Fonseca nominees for Michelle Muscat.
In December 2019 an inquiry was published, which investigated if the Panama company Egrant Inc was owned by the prime minister, his wife, or his family.
He was a member of team who won 1982 the Swedish men's championship and qualified for the , but Holmberg didn't compete because it was decided that he was too young to participate.
Mai Kuraki Single Collection: Chance for You is the fifth compilation album and first single collection by Japanese singer-songwriter Mai Kuraki.
The boys' 3x3 mixed ice hockey tournament at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held from 10 to 15 January at the Vaudoise aréna in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Neyland was Prebendary of St MIchan's in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin from 1661 until his death; Dean of Elphin from 1664 to 1665; and Dean of Ossory from 1666 until his death.
The lac de la Belle Rivière is a freshwater body at the head of Belle Rivière on the watershed of lac Saint-Jean, in the unorganized territory of Belle-Rivière, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the region Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This small valley is served by the route 169 and by the route des Laurentides which runs along the lake on the northeast side.
The surface of Belle Rivière Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the rivière du Milieu (coming from the south) and by the outlet (coming from the south) of the big lake of Cedars.
From the mouth of Belle Rivière lake, the current follows the course of the Belle Rivière consecutively on northwesterly to the east shore of Lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current goes north on crossing this last lake, follows the course of the Saguenay river via the Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
From 1982 to 1984 he worked as the Head of the Cabinet at the Department of Philosophy of the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy.
From 1984 to 1999 he worked at BSU in the Department of Source Studies, Historiography and Methods as a senior laboratory assistant, teacher, senior teacher and assistant professor.
On January 11, 2016, by Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, he was awarded the Order for Service to the Fatherland, III degree, for service to the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan.
He received his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Virginia in 2011 and has taught there and at the London School of Economics, and Goldsmiths, University of London, where he convenes the MA in Anthropology and Cultural Politics.
His work has been funded by Fulbright, the National Science Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the Charlotte Newcombe Foundation, and the Leverhulme Trust.
Ehsan Taeidi (; born 1 May 1990) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Striker for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
The Apostolic Delegation to Somalia represents the interests of the Holy See in Somalia to officials of the Catholic Church, civil society, and government offices.
The Holy See and the government of Somalia have not established diplomatic relations and the position of Apostolic Delegate to Somalia is not a diplomatic one, though the Delegate is a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
Pope John Paul II created the Delegation to Somalia on 26 March 1992 as part of the reorganization of that delegation into the Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula and several country-specific bodies.
The University of Connecticut (UConn) Neag School of Education offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in education, sport management, and leadership across four campuses, with the main campus located in Storrs, Connecticut.
The Storrs location is home to the Neag Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development, and additional locations are in Hartford, Waterbury, and Groton.
The schools' research and teaching programs have been funded by a wide number of institutions, such as the National Science Foundation and the Department of Education.
It is based in the Charles B. Gentry Building, which as built in 1960 in honor of the former director of the Division of Teacher Training and University President.
The Department of Curriculum and Instruction offers Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate programs in curriculum and instruction for both pre-service and in-service educators.
The program does not offer a teacher credential, which is only offered through the Teacher Certification Program for College Graduates (TCPCG) program (see Teacher Education).
The graduate programs allow for more specialized knowledge in a content area (math, science, or social studies) to prepare for additional certification later on.
The two main research units are the New Literacies Research Lab, which is recognized as the world's premier labor for reading comprehension and learning skills required for emerging information and communication technologies, and the Reading/Language Arts Center, which facilitates the improvement of literacy instruction.
The Department of Educational Leadership connects theory, practice, and policy in a variety of academic programs, including educational leadership, education policy, executive leadership, and more.
First, the Teacher Certification Program for College Graduates (TCPCG) is an 11-month, full-time, accelerated program that allows students to earn a Connecticut Teacher Certification and an MA in Curriculum and Instruction or MA in Educational Psychology.
Most recently, the program expanded to offer a track in Mandarin Chinese, in addition to its programs in French, Spanish, German, Italian, and Latin.
Graduates of the program receive a Bachelor of Science in Education, a Master of Arts in Curriculum, and a Master of Arts in Educational Psychology (Special Education).
The IB/M program began in 1987 from conversations between the Holmes Group, John Goodlad, and the National Network for Educational Renewal.
The IB/M program offers courses of study in the following areas: Elementary Education (Grades 1–6), Secondary Education (Grades 7–12), Comprehensive Special Education (K–12), and Music Education (PK–12).
The program is built upon 6 key tenets which emphasize the common core of pedagogical knowledge required for all education majors, as well as clinical experience in a variety of environments.
In the Junior Year (known as the Common Core), students begin to take courses designed to help them learn about students as learners.
In five specialty programs (Special Education, Educational Administration, Educational Psychology, Elementary Education, and Secondary Education), the Neag School of Education is recognized as in the top 25 in the nation.
Considered a Public Ivy, the main campus of the University of Connecticut is located in Storrs and is considered one of the leading research universities in the United States.
The school aims to be diverse with the following demographics in the 2018–2019 academic year: White (64%), Unknown (9.5%), Hispanic/Latinx (8.5%), Black/African American (8%), Asian (6.5%), Two or more races (3.1%), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.3%), and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (0.1%).
It works with five main research centers at the University of Connecticut: Research Centers Center for Behavioral Education and Research (CBER), Center for Education Policy Analysis (CEPA), Center on Postsecondary Education and Disability (CPED), Reading and Language Arts Center, and the Renzulli Center for Creativity, Gifted Education, and Talent Development.
It is also affiliated with the National Center for Research on Gifted Education (NCGRE), which is funded by the Department of Education.
It became the Glossop Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and joined the National Health Service as Shire Hill Hospital in 1948.
Kagwad (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
The lyrics of the song was written by Shakeel Badayuni, the music was composed by Hemanta Mukherjee and Lata Mangeshkar was the playback singer.
In 1963, Badayuni received the Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist and Lata Mangeshkar received the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for this song.
Awards won include The Butler Prize of the Irish American Cultural Institute, The Pater Prize for International Drama, The Stewart Parker Award for Drama from the BBC, and the Éilís Dillon Award for Children’s Literature.
In 2003, he was appointed as the first Northern Ireland Commissioner for Children and Young People, a position he held until his death.
Michael dates the event to year 1151 of the Seleucid era (Anno Graecorum), which corresponds to the year 840 Anno Domini.
He was involved with the colonization and development of the area of New France that is now Montreal, Longueuil and St. Lambert.
Étienne Truteau was born in La Rochelle, France on June 8, 1642 to François Truteau, a master stone mason, and Catherine Matinier.
He is best known for fighting for the colony as a militia man, in particular a battle with the Iroquois in 1662 during the establishment of the colony.
In 1663, he enlisted in the 6th squadron of the Militia de la Sanite-Famille, that was headed by Governor Paul Chomedey de Maisoneuve.
He is the patronymic ancestor of the Trudeau family (Truteau) of North America including the American politician Charles Laveau Trudeau, Zénon Trudeau and Candian prime ministers Pierre Trudeau and Justin Trudeau.
A park in Longueuil, Quebec is named after him, Étienne Truteau Park, a street in Notre Dame de Î'lle Perrot, Quebec, is named for him, rue Étienne Trudeau, and in Saint Lambert, Quebec, the road, avenue Etienne Truteau is named for him.
Razak Abalora (born 4 September 1996) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays for the Tanzanian club Azam as a goalkeeper.
He was part of the squad that appeared in the 2021 African Cup of Nations qualifying matches against South Africa, São Tomé and Príncipe.
At the beginning of the 2010–11 season, he was appointed coach of the under-17 squad and led them to an Under 17 Bundesliga championship in his first year.
After 21 matchdays in the 2018–19 season, the club was in last place with 12 points, which led to Köllner being sacked and Schommers taking over as interim coach.
Under Schommers, the team gained 7 points until the 33rd matchday, which meant that they were assured of relegation one matchday before the end of the season.
This is a list of Azerbaijan football transfers in the winter transfer window, 7 January - 3 February 2020, by club.
At the conclusion of his collegiate career, it was determined he had been collegiately ineligible due to making contact with an agent while still enrolled.
According to a hadith from Jafar al-Sadiq, Muhammad b. Muslim was one of the revivers of the teachings of Muhammad al-Baqir.
According to a report, Jafar al-Sadiq counted Muhammad among the trustees of his father, al-Baqir, in matters of religion and a protector of the Shia.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico.
The previous station is Antímano, the next station in the direction Zoológico is Caricuao, the next station in the direction Las Adjuntas is Ruiz Pineda.
Arthur Charles Barnby (10 September 1881 – 30 October 1937) was an English first-class cricketer, who served as an officer in both the Royal Marines and the Royal Naval Air Service.
Barnby made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1913.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring in the Royal Navy first-innings by Harold Fawcus, while in their second-innings he scored a single unbeaten run.
He served in the First World War, and as an early aviator who had held an aviation licence since 1913, he was seconded to the newly formed Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), where he held the rank of flight commander.
He was promoted to squadron commander in May 1915, which resulted in him concurrently being made a temporary major in the marines.
He was promoted to wing commander in the RNAS in December 1917, resulting in him being granted the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel in the marines.
Following the end of the war, Barnby relinquished his commission in the RNAS and returned to the marines as a major.
Barnby was appointed a barrackmaster and promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1929, however he reverted back to major at his own request in October 1930.
He was again promoted to lieutenant colonel in April 1931, before being placed on the retired list on account of old age in September 1933, at which point he was granted the rank of colonel.
Anderson earned her Bachelor of Arts from George Washington University in 1977, and her Juris Doctor from Washington College of Law in 1981.
On December 5, 2006, President George W. Bush nominated her to be an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President George W. Bush renominated her on January 9, 2007, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Anna Blackburne-Rigsby.
Born in Bad Hersfeld, Phleps studieded at the Philipps-Universität Marburg and the University of Kassel and completed his studies in 1981 and 1983 respectively with state examinations for the teaching profession in the subjects music, German and philosophy.
Other notable musicians that appeared on the recording were Pete Wade playing guitar and country artist Judy Rodman performing background vocals.
On 12 May 2019, at least 20 attackers shot dead six people in a church in Dablo Department, Sanmatenga Province, Centre-Nord Region.
In the Barsalogho Department a vehicle transporting people and goods, that was returning from a market, drove over an improvised explosive device (IED).
Meanwhile, around 50km to the east, a convoy with vans carrying provisions for people displaced by fighting was attacked by gunmen.
The attack on the Burkina Faso Mosque occurred on the evening of Friday, 11 October 2019 in a mosque in northern Burkina Faso which left 16 people dead and two injured.
It happened while the residents were praying inside the Grand Mosque in Salmossi, a village close to the border with Mali.
On 6 November 2019, gunmen ambushed a convoy transporting workers of the Canadian mining firm Semafo near the city of Fada N'gourma, on a road to the firm's Boungou mine.
On 24 December 2019, a large group of militants on motorcycles attacked civilians and a military base in Arbinda, Soum Province, Burkina Faso.
Forbidden Daughters is a 1927 American silent black & white short erotic-drama film directed by prominent nude photographer Albert Arthur Allen.
This is the only known movie directed by Allen who, otherwise, was famous by his work as a photographer of nude female models.
The Swedish Junior Curling Championships () is an annual curling tournament held to determine the best junior-level men's and women's curling teams in Sweden.
Junior level curlers must be under the age of 21 as of June 30 in the year prior to the tournament.
It has been held annually since the 1966-1967 season for junior men and the 1972-1973 season for junior women; the championship events are organized by the Swedish Curling Association ().
Mirza Dinnayi is known as the director and co-founder of the Luftbrücke Irak, an organization which helps Yazidi victims of the Iraq war, rescues women and children from the ISIS-controlled territories and transfers them to Germany, where they receive medical care.
After the 2003 USA invasion of Iraq and Hussein’s fall, Dinnayi was offered a post of the presidential adviser for minority rights to Jalal Talabani.
Mirza Dinnayi initiated the fundraising company for the victims and asked his friends from Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung newspaper to print the call for help.
On the 12th of August, 2014, the Mi-7 helicopter with Dinnayi on board crashed in a few minutes after the ascent.
In the rescue camp Dinnayi found out that the Yazidi women, saved from sexual slavery in ISIS, suffered from double psychological trauma - apart from the abuse itself, they experienced severe condemnation from the conservative Yazidi society.
Mirza Dinnayi arranged the evacuation to Germany, where the specialist helped the victims to deal with severe depressions, anxiety attacks, self-imposed isolation, insomnia, and suicidal ideations.
More than a thousand women and children were transferred to Germany, including future social rights activist and the Sakharov Prize winner Lamiya Haji Bashar.
Ediel López Falcón (born 1973/1974), also known as La Muela or Metro 5, is a Mexican convicted drug lord and former high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
He was the regional boss of Miguel Alemán and helped coordinate international drug trafficking shipments from South and Central America to Mexico and the U.S. His roles in the cartel were also to coordinate oil theft operations.
López Falcón rose through the ranks of the cartel after several of his bosses were arrested or killed in the 2010s.
He became the regional boss of Miguel Alemán, a city across the U.S.-Mexico border from Roma, Texas, from where he oversaw drug trafficking operations from Tamaulipas to Texas, and oil theft operations.
In 2010, the Gulf Cartel and their former paramilitary group Los Zetas broke ties, triggering high levels of gang violence across Mexico.
Several members of the Gulf Cartel were arrested or killed during this time, while others, like López Falcón, sought for safe haven and relocated to the U.S with their families.
on 7 May 2012, sometime in or around 2000 and up until February 2010, López Falcón and other members of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas conspired with intent to distribute at least of cocaine and of marijuana into the U.S. from Colombia, Panama, Guatemala, Mexico and elsewhere.
This information was legally gathered by U.S. officials who intercepted López Falcón's phone conversations with other drug traffickers, where he discussed cocaine and marijuana shipments, procurement of firearms, and the smuggling of bulk cash.
For his drug charges, López Falcón was ordered to forfeit all money and properties derived from these drug proceeds, as well as any properties used to facilitate his operations.
If such properties could not be located, were sold or transferred to a third-party, or largely diminished in value, López Falcón was ordered to forfeit other assets to make up for the total amount of said property.
On 18 September 2015, López Falcón was arrested by U.S. authorities when walking out of a PlainsCapital Bank in Pharr, Texas.
On 25 September, an identity verification hearing was held before judge Dorina Ramos in McAllen to prove the man in question was indeed López Falcón.
The confusion arose after López Falcón was identified as Ediel López García at the moment of his arrest, which meant his name did not match the individual charged in the D.D.C indictment.
The agent present in court confirmed they had information that López Falcón was involved in trafficking several tons of narcotics into the U.S.
He said his identification was done after the Mexican Armed Forces shared a picture of him to the DEA after a clash between the military and cartel members in Nuevo Laredo.
López Falcón's attorney Arnulfo Guerra asked the agent multiple questions, including why the DEA had confused López Falcón's name with Ediel López García.
Guerra responded by questioning the agent further and saying there are several people in Matamoros and along the border who call themselves La Muela.
She asked the agent to come prepared for the hearing with evidence to present and to bring the lead agent to testify in court if he could.
On 3 February 2015, López Falcón pleaded guilty to conspiracy to smuggle cocaine and marijuana into the U.S. before the D.D.C federal judge Barbara Jacobs Rothstein.
In his guilty plea, López Falcón admitted he was a member of La Compañía (), a name that collectively referred to the co-organization of the Gulf Cartel and its former paramilitary group Los Zetas.
He said his criminal organization was responsible for smuggling many tons of cocaine and marijuana from Mexico to the U.S. and that he was directly involved in this process, as well as smuggling the cash proceeds back into Mexico.
He also confirmed Los Zetas acted as the paramilitary wing of the Gulf Cartel, and that its members were mostly ex-military members who acted as enforcers and hitmen for the cartel in their region and against rival gangsters.
On 31 July 2015, López Falcón was sentenced to 18 years in prison for conspiracy to smuggle cocaine and marijuana into the U.S.
The D.D.C also ordered him to forfeit US$15 billion; the court stated this was the total gross profits the Gulf Cartel made in drug proceeds from its smuggling centers across the U.S.-Mexico border during López Falcón's tenure.
A few years after his sentencing, Mexican officials discussed the possibility of passing a law in Mexico permitting them to formally request the U.S. government for fifty percent of the earnings seized from a Mexican national convicted in the US in order to invest that money into their law enforcement agencies.
The investigation against López Falcón and other co-conspirators was headed by the DEA's field office in Houston and the DEA Bilateral Investigation Unit.
The prosecution attorney was Adrián Rosales, who was part of the U.S. Department of Justice Criminal Division's Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section.
Battle of Pookkottur was one of the battles that the Mappilas of Malabar fought against British army during anti-colonial struggles in 1921 in Malabar province of Northern Kerala.
The battle took place on 26 August 1921 in Pookkottur under the leadership of Vadakkuveettil Mammad for the force of Variyan Kunnathu Kunjahammed Haji while Cuthbert Buxton Lancaster and Captain P McEnroy were leading the British force.
The rebels' strategy was to let their lorries enter till they reach Pilakkal, then to besiege them from all the sides.
But Parancheri Kunjarammutty who was not present in the last meeting of the rebels did not know this strategy, Kunjarammutty who was hiding behind the heap of soil opened the fire at the first lorry while there were only two or three Lorries reached the field.
Kunjarammutty, who opened fire at the first with other rebels, came out on the field with swords when they had no more bullets in stock and they fought unto their last breath.
After the battle was fought, the army was on the way to Malappuram with Superindent of Police Cuthbert Buxton Lancaster (Lancaster was the son of a Leader in Church of England) and four soldiers in a lorry at the front.
At Kummalippadi, a Mappila rebel, Mankara Thodiyil Kunjahmmed climbed on a tree and threw a grenade into the lorry in which police and soldiers were travelling.
The girls' 3x3 mixed ice hockey tournament at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held from 10 to 15 January at the Vaudoise aréna in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Domenico Maria Marchese was born on 2 Mar 1633 in Naples, Italy and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers.
On 31 May 1688, he was consecrated bishop by Galeazzo Marescotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quirico e Giulitta, with Pietro de Torres, Archbishop of Dubrovnik, and Pier Antonio Capobianco, Bishop Emeritus of Lacedonia, serving as co-consecrators.
After her husband's death she became an active philanthropist, funding the construction of Catholic churches, schools, and other institutions in the United States.
A patroness of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Amarillo, Price donated funds to St. George's College to prevent the school from closing.
Price was also responsible for funding the construction of St. Elizabeth's Catholic Church in Lubbock, Texas, St. Catherine of Siena Catholic Church in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, and St. Catherine of Siena Catholic Church in Wake Forest, North Carolina.
In April 1936 Price was elevated into the Nobility of the Holy See and made a papal countess by Pope Pius XI.
In total he won two medals, both at the 2016 Summer Paralympics: the gold medal in the men's discus throw F37 and the bronze medal in the men's shot put F37 event.
In 2019 he qualified to represent Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the gold medal in the men's shot put F35 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
This site is part of the Sydney Mines Formation, which is dated to the late Moscovian stage of the Carboniferous period, 309-306 million years ago.
The two skeletons had different sizes and preserved different areas, with the larger skeleton (designated the holotype) incorporating a large portion of the rear half of the body and the smaller skeleton (designated the paratype) including a skull and only fragments of the postcranium, 1/4th the size of the larger one.
These skeletons were inferred to represent two individuals of a single new taxon based on their similar overlapping anatomy, apparent varanopid ancestry, close association, and the fact that there are no other varanopids known from Nova Scotia.
The larger specimen may have been 20 to 30 centimeters (7.9-12 inches) long from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail, and its full tail length is unknown but likely elongated.
It had thin, curved teeth on the maxilla (without a canine region) and smaller teeth on the palate, which also possessed a varanopid-like pterygoid and cultriform process.
The delicate preservation of the skeletons indicated that they likely died and were quickly buried at the same place and time.
These taphonomic qualities led the paleontologists who described them to propose that the two skeletons were denning together under the roots of a lycopod tree, with the smaller skeleton likely representing the offspring of the larger skeleton.
On the other hand, it remains a possibility that the two skeletons were not close relatives, and instead simply sheltered from a storm in the same stump.
Likewise, certain characteristics (such as reduced dentition and limb development) found to link basal varanopids with diapsids may be a consequence of juvenile specimen sampling, rather than valid phylogenetic signals.
At the Foot of the Mountain Theater (AFOM) was a Professional theater based in Minneapolis, Minnesota that created and produced works centered on women's lives.
Founded in 1974 and re-dedicated as a feminist theatre in 1977, it produced unique works on wide-ranging topics both in local productions and also through touring and performances at theater festivals.
Founded by Martha and Paul Boesing, and Jan Magrane in 1974, At the Foot of the Mountain grew out of their experiences with experimental theater including at The Open Theater in New York City and Firehouse Theater in the 1960s in Minneapolis.
Boesing's involvement in the theater ended temporarily in 1984 when she accepted an 18-month Bush Fellowship to focus on her playwriting.
The collective's tasks included the shows themselves, but also the rest of the logistics—publicity, costumes, finances; within a non-hierarchical consensus-based structure.
Funding came from a combination of ticket sales, touring, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Regional Arts Council, the Northwest Area Foundation and the Minnesota Humanities Commission.
At the Foot of the Mountain mainly operated out of the People’s Center on the West Bank of the University of Minnesota, and produced 1–4 works each year.
At the Foot of the Mountain's topics were diverse, including prostitution, motherhood, nuclear stockpiling, the Catholic church, rape culture, U.S. involvement in Nicaragua and prison reform.
Negative responses included the Minneapolis City Council declining to pass a resolution commending the theater for its 10-year contribution to the city, and an inquiry by the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights into Minnesota State Arts Board funding of At the Foot of the Mountain, claiming the work was defamatory, and requesting that future funding be restricted.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1993 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Diego Ibáñez de la Madrid y Bustamente (1649–1694) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ceuta (1687–1694), Bishop of Pozzuoli (1684–1687), and Bishop of Trivento (1679–1684).
Diego Ibáñez de la Madrid y Bustamente was born on 7 Apr 1649 in Comillas, Spain and ordained a priest on 17 Feb 1674.
On 24 Oct 1678, he was selected as Bishop of Trivento and confirmed by Pope Innocent XI on 10 Apr 1679.
In the period from April 3, 2008 to February 20, 2009 there were 9 explosions in which 8 were killed and 46 people were injured.
April 3, 2008 - in the Kirov Park, Lazarevskoye Microdistrict, an explosive disguised as a cigarette case that was lying on a bench exploded.
But due to the poor quality of the video, the only thing that could be determined was the model of the car.
Ilya Galkin knew that they were looking for Denisenko’s car and organized an explosion on February 20, 2009 so that the police wouldn’t search for Denisenko.
He disguised the explosives as a flashlight, put the parts for the explosives in a bag, took a bottle of beer, food and put it all near the gatehouse at the construction site.
In one of the interviews, Galkin's father said that he was attacked by the homeless in his childhood, and was nearly strangled once.
On the evening of April 17, he had a drink with his brother and accidentally talked about the killings of the homeless.
January 31, 2014 Ilya Galkin was sentenced to life imprisonment and Mikhail Denisenko to 21 years and 6 months in prison.
As a teenager, she worked as a prep cook at L’Étoile in Madison; when the chef quit, Gilmore was promoted to chef.
At 18, she travelled to Boston, New York, and Provence (where she apprenticed at a restaurant in Cotignac), before settling in Los Angeles in 1982.
In 1991, at the age of 31, she opened her restaurant Elka in the Miyako Hotel in San Francisco's Japantown, serving a blend of Asian and French cuisine.
She was later hired by the Omni Berkshire Place Hotel in New York to open and run Kokachin, a seafood restaurant.
In 1993, she co-founded the organization Women Chef's & Restauranteurs, along with fellow San Francisco chefs Barbara Tropp and Joyce Goldstein.
Amphibolips confluenta, known generally as the spongy oak apple gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.
Epstein earned his Bachelor of Arts from Yale College in 1974, and his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1977.
President George W. Bush nominated Epstein on January 9, 2007, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Susan Rebecca Holmes.
The 2021 World Para Athletics Championships is an upcoming Paralympic track and field meet organized by the World Para Athletics subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee.
It will be the 10th edition of the event and it is scheduled to be held in the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe, Japan.
The Avenue was created and named in honor of Peter I of Serbia (1846-1921), last King of Serbia and first King of Yugoslavia; Peter Karadjordjević was educated in France at St Cyr, served as a lieutenant in the French Army during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, served in the French Foreign Legion, and was decorated with the French Legion of Honour for heroism.
Born January 2, 1984, in Brookline, Massachusetts, Geller is an outspoken voice on the Jewish left, an organizer and activist for the BDS movement and Palestinian human rights, and a frequent speaker against zionism, as well as antisemitism.
Despite the disproportionate amount of attention white Jews get for speaking out against Israel, Geller has consistently emphasized the need to center Palestinians in the struggle for their own liberation.
Geller’s activism often employs non-traditional tactics, drawing on performance art, erudite references and irony to provoke social discomfort without expressing an explicit political agenda.
Most famously, Geller is the founder of #renoirsucksatpainting, a tongue-in-cheek social movement to remove the paintings of Auguste Renoir from museums around the world.
At sixteen, Geller was arrested for burning an American Flag on the 4th of July and draping the charred remains over the liberty bell at town hall in Brookline.. For his senior capstone project at his small arts high school, Geller learned Aikido, and demonstrated his mastery by fighting his mother.
The performance put on by Geller’s troupe, filled with outrageous claims, false hysterics, and demands for justice, mocks both reality television and the criminal justice system.
Geller showed up dressed in Klansman robes and joined Brother Jed’s rally, thus aligning Jed’s crusade with the overt white supremacy associated with the KKK.
In 2007, while traveling the world, Geller arrived in Palestine, where the struggle of the Palestinians for their own liberation, and Israel’s violent response, left an indelible mark on him.
He returned to Palestine several times over the course of the next few years, and later continued his activism back in the USA, where he has been an active member of many groups organizing on behalf of Palestinian liberation, such as NSJP, IJAN, USCPR, and others, and has been a frequent contributor to a variety of conferences and journals.
After being turned away at the border, Geller and his cohort scaled the walls of the Pyramid of Giza and flew an enormous Palestinian flag from halfway up.
The image became an iconic representation of the attempts to break the blockade and was featured in newspapers throughout the Arab world.
While Geller was a student at North Eastern Law School, he became president of the local chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine, where he staged a series of interventions to bring awareness to the cause.
Geller immediately took the case to the national media gaining widespread attention for the incident, defending the incident in an op-ed in the Boston Globe and an appearance on Democracy Now.
In 2017, Geller was instrumental in the New Orleans Palestinian Solidarity Committee's successful lobbying of the City Council to pass a Boycott Divestment and Sanctions bill in solidarity with the Palestinian cause.
In addition to Geller’s history as a political provocateur, he has also used his knack for creating viral ideas and images to mount ambiguous, seemingly frivolous interventions in the art and music world.
In February of 2015 Geller created the instagram @Renoir_sucks_at_painting, and began posting images of Renoir paintings and captioning them with a combination of sardonic wit and vitriol.
Soon after, the account began to go viral, attracting the attention of reddit streams, content aggregators, art critics, and Renoir’s own descendants.
); for-profit healthcare; and, yes, the exaltation of your great grand pappy, Baron Von Treacle himself, #Renoir--have all been unleashed upon us by the free market.” Through this exchange, the account began to gain significant media attention.
On October 5, 2015, at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Geller organized the first of what would become many major anti-Renoir protests.
When the protest garnered criticism in the Boston Globe by Sebastian Smee, a Pulitzer prize-winning art critic, Geller responded by publicly challenging Smee to a duel.
The feud quickly gained national attention, and along with a second protest at the Metropolitan Museum of New York a week later, helped skyrocket the movement to headlines across the globe.
After a protest at the Art Institute of Chicago, Geller was a guest on a local news station there, where he once again expanded the focus of his movement from Renoir’s paintings themselves to the misogyny and white supremacy of the canon at large.
Many in the media began to realize the Renoir Sucks movement was part of the growing ouvre of protests and performance art from Geller.
While the movement reached its apex in the fall of 2015, it has continued to spawn mini-protests all over the world, including at the White House where President Trump is an admirer of Renoir.
In 1996, Kovo accompanied Sejo Sexon and Elvis J. Kurtović, with whom he restarted band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s.
Ćeranić graduated from a medical high school, and after that, she began working in Belgrade clubs and in bars known as 'splavovi'.
It has a broad rosy- red collar, and the abdomen is bright red, except the apex : the median pair of spots of forewing, however, is white and the basal half of the hindwing transparent: Turkestan.
The first expressways were opened in the mid-2000s, by 2020, the expressway network is expected to stretch and plans are for over of expressway by 2030.
Ownership varies by expressway, they are financed, developed, owned and operated by either state-owned or private companies on behalf of the Ministry of Transport.
The companies exploiting the expressways have to report traffic numbers and toll revenue to the Ministry of Transport and the Directorate for Roads of Vietnam.
This construction has been subject of fraud investigations several times, as toll revenue was falsified by the collecting companies in order to take advantage of the difference.
The government has also threatened operating companies to revoke their toll collection licence after lack of maintenance caused dangerous situations on several expressways.
In 2019 it was reported that the Vietnam Expressway Corporation was $3.7 billion USD in debt, and earning $137 million in revenue each year.
A minimum speed of is generally in effect, and the maximum speed is , although sections with a lower maximum speed are common.
It is a parasite of fishes and is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
It has a number of annulations, which do not correspond to its internal segmentation, and is one of the largest sea leeches, with a length of up to long when at rest, and double that length when stretched.
The anterior end has a sucker with which it feeds, and the posterior end bears another sucker with which it adheres to its host.
The skin is rough and covered with small warts; the colour varies, juveniles are usually black or dark green with small speckles, while adults are pale grey, tan or olive-green.
Native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the species ranges from the Arctic, the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, to the Mediterranean Sea.
It has also been reported from the United States, Canada, Namibia and Pakistan, but some of these records may be due to misidentification.
It is found attached to the gills, the abdomen and the bases of the fins of the host where it feeds by sucking blood.
It is quiescent during the day, holding itself motionless and partially coiled, attached by its posterior sucker, but becomes active at night, when it feeds.
These are attached to empty bivalve or gastropod shells on the seabed and are pale at first but darken with age.
When it is nearly long and ready to hatch, a pair of small, rounded protuberances at the side of the sphere fall off allowing the juvenile leech to emerge, and search for a suitable host fish.
Penshaw Bridge, also known as Fatfield Bridge, is a road traffic bridge spanning the River Wear in North East England, linking Penshaw with Fatfield.
It refers to an elite fellowship of people in Classical Weimar (1772-1805), that was made up of nobles and commoners, courtiers, civil servants, writers, artists and scientists, who congregated around the central character, Duchess Anna Amalia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, pioneer of Weimar Classicism and patroness of the arts.
Duchess Anna Amalia was the mother and from 1758 until 1775 regent for the infant Grand Duke Karl August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach.
Modern revisions predominantly present sober conclusions and largely disagree with 19th century claims of a society in progress as a result of the utilization of the guiding principles of the Enlightenment and the cultivation of the genius.
The painting depicts a rather fictional, ideally arranged scene around 1794/95: An illustrious party, that consists of noble menbers of the court and commoners alike (scholars, artists and scientists), has gathered, regardless to class etiquette and formalities, in and around the Tiefurt Muse temple (which was only built in 1803), while listening to Friedrich Schiller's deliberations.
In the creation of a cultivated and witty conviviality, the Duchess was assisted by poet and philosopher Christoph Martin Wieland, who had joined the court as the teacher of the two princes in 1772.
Not until the late 20th century had this idea of a Weimar courtyard of the muses been contested and dismissed as pseudoscientific 19th century legend formation and romanticism.
Contemporary sources of the Classical Weimar court never referred to a courtyard of the muses and Duchess Anna Amalia is not known to have at any time discontinued standard court ceremony or contested common class regulations.
Her role as pioneer of Weimar Classicism has been challenged by author J. Berger, as he points out that the duchess has given the primacy of the arts not to literature but to music.
Berger also exhorts, that she does not qualify as a true patroness of the arts because she refused unconditional promotion of free artists, but treated them as civil servants who were obliged to perform certain tasks.
However, according to author J. H. Ulbricht, all these scientific disenchantments have failed to notably penetrate the communicative and cultural memory of the public.
Already in 1807, shortly after her burial, Goethe sought the opportunity to advertize Weimar's cultural prowess via the Duchess' obituary, that he published in a series of journals.
Jan Joakim Strand (born 2 August 1982 in Turku) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Swedish People's Party of Finland at the Vaasa constituency..
The House at 29 Flat Rock Road was also owned by Frisbie before members of the Tucker family took over ownership.
Mikko Karl Antero Ollikainen (born 24 November 1977 in Malax) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Swedish People's Party of Finland at the Vaasa constituency..
The 2019–20 California Baptist Lancers men's basketball team represent California Baptist University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Lancers, led by 7th-year head coach Rick Croy, play their home games at the CBU Events Center in Riverside, California as members of the Western Athletic Conference.
Anders Norrback (born 14 September 1963 in Övermark) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Swedish People's Party of Finland at the Vaasa constituency.
The his biggest success - 3rd place in Latvian Chess Championship in 1934 (after the winners Fricis Apšenieks and Vladimirs Petrovs).
He was the fifth chess player after Hermanis Matisons, Fricis Apšenieks, Vladimirs Petrovs and Movsas Feigins, who received this honorary title.
Many chess publications (including the Internet portals Olimpbase.org, Chessgames.com) incorrectly indicate that it was not Edgar who participated in Chess Olympiads, but his brother Alfrēds Krūmiņš (1911-1980), who was also a chess player.
The last known tournament with his participation was the 1940 Riga Chess Championship, in which he shared 11th - 12th place.
Kim Kristoffer Berg (born 9 July 1974 in Vaasa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Vaasa constituency.
The tunnel was built as part of the Port Perry Branch connector between the Main Line and Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
and of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1662; and Dean of Elphin from 1665 holding the latter two positions until his death in 1683.
Playing as a right-arm medium pace bowler, he took 11 wickets at an average of 57.00, with best figures of 2 for 56.
Johan Birger Matias Kvarnström is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Uusimaa constituency.
Masoud Pourmohammad (; born 12 March 1989) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Mika Pekka Kari (born 19 August 1967 in Lahti) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Tavastia constituency.
Melik is a hereditary Armenian noble title, in various Eastern Armenian principalities known as melikdoms encompassing modern Yerevan, Kars, Nakhichevan, Sevan, Lori, Artsakh, Northwestern Persia and Syunik starting from the Late Middle Ages until the end of the nineteenth century.
In the 1950s he worked for Aventuras, Intervalo, El Tony and Hora Cero, where he created Randall: the Killer series, scripted by Hector Oesterheld.
The Transit Areas Management Regiment () is a military logistics regiment of the Italian Army based in Bellinzago Novarese and Bari.
The regiment is operationally assigned to the Logistic Support Command and manages the reception, staging and onward movement of equipment, personnel, and materiel from Italy to Italian military operations abroad.
The unit was formed on 1 January 2015 by reorganizing and expanding the 1st Transport Regiment and together with the 6th General Logistic Support Regiment, and the Logistic Support Command's four medical battalions provides third line logistic support for the army's deployable divisions and Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
It is situated near the north end of Asulkan Ridge, south of Rogers Pass, northeast of Revelstoke, and west of Golden.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1893 by Herbert Lambert, Miss MacLeod, Harold A. Perley, William H. Rau, and William Stables via the east buttress.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Afton is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Dragaš was born in 1967 in Zagreb, and graduated from the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb in 1991.
This list of legal awards is an index to articles related to notable awards for work related to the law, a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate conduct..
Events of 5689 Anno Mundi) refers to a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 when a long-running dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem escalated into violence.
The riots took the form, in the most part, of attacks by Arabs on Jews accompanied by destruction of Jewish property.
On the first day of the riots, the British government had enlisted and armed 41 Jewish special constables, 18 Jewish ex-soldiers and a further 60 Jews were issued staves.
The Western Wall is one of the holiest of Jewish sites, considered by Jews to be a remnant of the ancient Second Temple compound destroyed in 70 CE.
The Jews, through the practice of centuries, had established a right of access to the Wailing Wall for the purposes of their devotions.
Muslims consider the wall to be part of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam, and according to Islamic tradition the place where Muhammad tied his horse, Buraq, before his night journey to heaven.
As a result of an incident, which occurred in September 1925, a ruling was made which forbade the Jews to bring seats and benches to the Wall even though these were intended for worshippers who were aged and infirm.
In September 1928, Jews praying at the Wall on Yom Kippur placed chairs and a mechitza that looked like a simple room divider of cloth covering a few wooden frames to separate the men and women.
Jerusalem's British commissioner Edward Keith-Roach, while visiting a Muslim religious court building overlooking the prayer area, mentioned to a constable that he had never seen it at the wall before, although the constable had seen it earlier that day and had not given it any attention.
The sheikhs disclaimed responsibility for what could happen if the screen was not taken down, and Keith-Roach told the Ashkenazic beadle to remove the screen because of the Arabs' demands.
While the commissioner was visiting a synagogue, Attorney General Norman Bentwich had his request to keep the screen until after the fast rejected by the commissioner, who ordered the constable to ensure it was removed by morning.
The constable feared the screen meant trouble, and had the commissioners order signed and officially stamped, speaking again with the beadle that evening.
The policemen charged the small group near the screen and were urged by nearby Arab residents to attack the assembled Jews.
The constable had infuriated his superiors due to his use of excessive force without good judgement, but the British government later issued a statement defending his actions.
Although screens had been set up temporarily at the site before, and other prohibitions were ignored or relaxed at times, the violent confrontation over the latest screen would engender further violence.
The internal politics of both sides were also willing to adopt extreme positions and make use of religious symbols to whip up popular support.
Zionist literature published throughout the world used the imagery of a domed structure on the Temple Mount to symbolize their national aspirations.
A Zionist flag was depicted atop of a building very reminiscent of the Dome of the Rock in one publication, which was later picked up and redistributed by Arab propagandists.
Haj Amin al Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem distributed leaflets to Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Arab world which claimed that the Jews were planning to take over the al-Aqsa Mosque.
A muezzin was appointed to perform the Islamic call to prayer directly next to the Wall, creating noise exactly when the Jews were conducting their prayers.
Zionists began making demands for control over the wall; some went as far as to call openly for the rebuilding of the Temple, increasing Muslim fears over Zionist intentions.
On 14 August the Haganah and Brit Trumpeldor held a meeting in Tel Aviv attended by 6,000 people objecting to 1928 Commission's conclusion that the Wall was Muslim property.
The Acting High Commissioner summoned Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini and informed him that he had never heard of such a demonstration being held at the Wailing Wall, and that it would be a terrible shock to the Jews who regarded the Wall as a place of special sanctity to them.
At the Wall, the crowd burnt prayer books, liturgical fixtures and notes of supplication left in the Wall's cracks, and the beadle was injured.
A Jewish crowd attacked and severely wounded the policeman who arrived to arrest the Arab responsible, and then attacked and burned neighbouring Arab tents and shacks erected by Lifta residents and wounded their occupants; the wounded included an Arab youth named 'Ali 'Abdallah Hasan who was chosen at random to be stabbed in retaliation.
A late-night meeting initiated the following day by the Jewish leadership, at which acting high commissioner Harry Luke, Jamal al-Husayni, and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi were present, failed to produce a call for an end to the violence.
Over the following four days period, the Jerusalem police reported 12 separate attacks by Jews on Arabs and seven attacks by Arabs on Jews.
The next Friday, 23 August, thousands of Arab villagers streamed into Jerusalem from the surrounding countryside to pray at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, many armed with sticks and knives.
The gathering was prompted by rumors that the Zionists were going to march to the Temple Mount and claim ownership, as they had belligerently marched on the Western Wall demanding Jewish ownership 9 days earlier.
Towards 09:30 Jewish storekeepers began closing shop and at 11:00, 20–30 gunshots were heard on the Temple Mount, apparently to work up the crowd.
Luke telephoned the Mufti to come and calm a mob that had gathered under his window near the Damascus Gate, but the commissioner's impression was that the religious leader's presence was having the opposite effect.
The Shaw report described the excited Arab crowds and that it was clear beyond all doubt that at 12:50 large sections of these crowds were bent on mischief if not on murder.
Reacting to rumors that two Arabs had been murdered by Jews, Arabs started an attack on Jews in Jerusalem's Old City.
British authorities had fewer than 100 soldiers, six armoured cars, and five or six aircraft in country; Palestine Police had 1,500 men, but the majority were Arab, with a small number of Jews and 175 British officers.
While awaiting reinforcements, many untrained administration officials were required to attach themselves to the police, though the Jews among them were sent back to their offices.
They reasoned that if they had shot into the Arab crowd, the mob would have turned their anger on the police.
Yemin Moshe was one of the few Jewish neighbourhoods to return fire, but most of Jerusalem's Jews did not defend themselves.
At the outbreak of the violence and again in the following days, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi demanded that weapons be handed to the Jews, but was both times refused.
There were many isolated attacks on Jewish villages, and in six cases, villages were entirely destroyed, accompanied by looting and burning.
In Haifa and Jaffa, the situation deteriorated and a police officer succeeded in warding off an attack on the quarter between Jaffa and Tel Aviv by firing on an Arab crowd.
The administrative director of Haddasah hospital in Jerusalem sent a cable to New York describing the casualties and that Arabs were attacking several Jewish hospitals.
These attacks were in most cases in retaliation for wrongs already committed by Arabs in the neighbourhood in which the Jewish attacks occurred.
A Police officer opened fire on an Arab crowd and succeeded in beating off an attack on the quarter which lies between Jaffa and Tel Aviv.
The worst instance of a Jewish attack on Arabs occurred in this quarter, where the Imam of a mosque and six other persons were killed.
According to the Shaw Report, the disturbances were not premeditated and did not occur simultaneously but spread from Jerusalem through a period of days to most outlying centres of population.
Later on 23 August, the British authorities armed 41 Jewish special constables, 18 Jewish ex-soldiers and a further 60 Jews were issued staves, to assist in the defense of Jewish quarters in Jerusalem.
The Mufti of Jerusalem stated that there was a large crowd of excited Arabs in the Haram area who were also demanding arms, and that the excited crowd in the Haram area took the view that the retention of Jews as special constables carrying arms was a breach of faith by the Government.
On 20 August, Haganah leaders proposed to provide defence for 600 Jews of the Old Yishuv in Hebron, or to help them evacuate.
On 24 August 1929 in Hebron, Arab mobs attacked the Jewish quarter killing and raping men, women and children and looting Jewish property.
Hundreds of Jews were saved by their more benevolent Arab neighbours, who offered them sanctuary from the mob by hiding them in their own houses while others survived by taking refuge in the British police station at Beit Ramon on the outskirts of the city.
The student was grabbed by the Arab crowd, who stabbed him to death; the sexton survived by hiding in a well.
The next day, a crowd armed with staves and axes attacked and killed two Jewish boys, one stoned to death and the other stabbed.
More than 70 Jews, including the Yeshiva students, sought refuge in the house of Eliezer Dan Slonim, the son of the Rabbi of Hebron, but were massacred by an Arab mob.
The kibbutz of Mishmar HaEmek was attacked on 26 August by an Arab mob, which was dispersed by the locals and British police.
An eyewitness describing the pogrom that took place in Safed, perpetrated by Arabs from Safed and local villages, armed with weapons and kerosene tins.
A schoolteacher, wife, and mother and a lawyer, were cut to pieces with knives and the attackers entered an orphanage and smashed children's heads and cut off their hands.
The British police had to open fire to prevent outrages in Nablus and Jaffa, and a police officer succeeded in warding off an attack on the quarter between Jaffa and Tel Aviv by firing on an Arab crowd.
According to the Shaw Report, during the week of riots from 23 to 29 August 116 Arabs and 133 Jews were killed and 232 Arabs and 198 Jews were injured and treated in hospital.
Many of the 116 reported Arab deaths were as a result of police and military activities, although around 20 of the Arabs killed were not involved in attacks on Jews and were killed as a result of lynchings and revenge attacks by Jews or by indiscriminate gunfire by the British authorities.
According to the Attorney-General of Palestine, Norman Bentwich, the following numbers of persons were charged, with the numbers convicted in parentheses.
The Jewish policeman Simchas Hinkis was convicted for the murder of five and wounding of two when a mob broke into a house between Tel Aviv and Jaffa to avenge the murder of six Jews.
Joseph Urphali was convicted by two separate trials, and lost his appeal twice, for the shooting of two Arabs from the roof of his Jaffa house.
Some of the Arab convictions were overturned on appeal and all the remaining death sentences were commuted to terms of imprisonment by the High Commissioner except in the case of three Arabs.
A few dozen Jewish families returned to Hebron in 1931 to reestablish the community, but all but one family were evacuated from Hebron at the outset of the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine.
Although he was satisfied that the Mufti was not directly responsible for the violence or had connived at it, he believed the Mufti was aware of the nature of the anti-Zionist campaign and the danger of disturbances.
The commission was headed by Sir John Hope Simpson, and on 21 October 1930 it produced its report, dated 1 October 1930.
Some sources claim al-Husseini actually incited the riots, some claim al-Husseini took advantage of the crisis for the advancement of his own goals, and some claim al-Husseini called for restraint.
They consist of Sean Walker (a founding member of the band Movement) and Andrew Grant (a former recording and mix engineer of REC Studios).
The first season was produced by Issen and Xebec, while the main production staff included director Atsushi Ōtsuki and composer Yuniko Ayana.
Spanning 13 episodes, it aired from January 21 to April 22, 2017 on Tokyo MX, and was streamed by Anime Network and Crunchyroll.
Also 13 episodes long, it continues Poppin'Party's story as the band members enter their second year of high school, while also focusing on fellow all-girl bands Afterglow, Pastel＊Palettes, Roselia, and Hello, Happy World!.
Shindo was written by Tow Ubukata, Makoto Fukami and Ryo Yoshigami, all of whom wanted Shindo and Ignatov to be close friends despite their differences.
Shindo's characterization caused the development team difficulties because he was intended to be portrayed as a likable character due to his importance as a highly skilled detective.
He was voiced by Yūki Kaji, who enjoyed the work due to the character's actions and relationships explored in the narrative.
Despite him not being written by the series' first writer, Gen Urobuchi, he fit well within the cast thanks to his mental skills and further characterization.
During the making of the series, director Naoyoshi Shiotani entrusted the writers Tow Ubukata, Makoto Fukami and Ryo Yoshigami with handling a new cast.
And while Shindo's cheerfulness may strike one as naïve compared to Ignatov's stoic nature, he is discovered to be a keen sleuth as the series unfolds.
Ubukata insisted that Shindo and Ignatov be written by Fukami, who said early in the making of the series that Ubakata did not like Shindo.
Fukami also found Shindo a difficult character to write because of his aura of mystery and use of trickery to obtain results.
Kaji enjoyed the character's relationship with Ignatov due to their close relationship and Shindo's style of interacting with the characters from previous seasons.
Kaji laughed when first reading the script because he found the cast unique and looked forward to the characters' growth during the series.
Nakamura had no clear understanding of Shindo and Ignatov because their pasts are not explored in the early episodes and he looked forward to the development of the series.
Shindo is an Inspector who investigates crime scenes and pursues individuals with high Crime Coefficient readings and wields a hand-held weapon called a Dominator that is capable of stunning or destroying a target depending upon Sibyl's decision.
His use of this skill puts him at physical risk and causes him to hallucinate the image of a man with the head of a fox.
They have a strong bond and were the victims of a case that claimed the lives of Shindo's father and Ignatov's brother.
Ninotaku found him to be a well-developed character because he fits with the other characters created by Gen Urobuchi, especially Akane Tsunemori.
Sequential Planet said the use of new protagonists was a risky movement for the franchise due to the popularity of Kogami and Tsunemori.
Nevertheless, the site further stated that both Shindo and Ignatov are likeable characters, enjoying the former more for his cheerful personality, which contrasts with the series' dark narrative.
TheCinemaHolic wondered about Shindo's mentalist skills, saying although it might appear to be less realistic than the deductive skills employed by previous protagonists, it had the potential to be executed in a positive fashion in later episodes.
Due to his portrayal, Shindo was compared to Steven Moffat's and Mark Gatiss's portrayals of Sherlock Holmes in the 2010's television series.
Shindo was also praised by Anime News Network for the way his mentalist skills added a new element to investigations and the air of mystery it gave to the new series.
The same site noted that as more information about the two lead characters was revealed, the more their fate became chaotic, citing Shindo's hallucinations and the hidden aspects of his father's death.
The focus given to Shindo and Ignatov in the finale also earned positive responses for the uncertainty created regarding whether or not they would betray their values.
TheCinemaHolic stated that Shindo's Mental Trace added depth to his character though he might come across as ambiguous when analyzed and that he, too, underwent a notable character arc, becoming more mature with potential for further development.
In a further analysis of the finale's narrative, the site agreed with Anime News Network regarding the handling of the duo in saying Ignatov was the more explored character of the pair because of the likely outcome of his final decision and its effect on his colleagues, especially Shindo.
State elections were held in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany on 20 October 1946 to elect the state legislatures of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.
They were the only elections held in the future territory of East Germany before the establishment of the German Democratic Republic in 1949.
The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which was formed by the forced merger of the Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party in the Soviet occupation zone, became the strongest party, but only achieved an absolute majority in one state.
The SED was created in view of the holding of elections in the Soviet zone, as a first step for future political reforms.
In addition to the SED, three other parties participated; the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Peasants Mutual Aid Association (VdgB).
The SED results were disappointing for the Soviet authorities and contributed decisively to the modification of the right to vote in the Soviet occupation zone in the following years.
Fratelli Bandiera was the lead ship of her class of four submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the late 1920s.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
The 4x4 Beach volleyball World Games Tournament was first Contested in the 1st World Beach Games Event in Qatar, Doha for both genders men and women.
Troy Price is an American political strategist and LGBT rights advocate who has served as the Chair of the Iowa Democratic Party since his election in July 2017.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
The KBO League Golden Glove Award is an award given out annually by the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) to the best overall player at each position in the KBO League.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Ransom Halloway Thomas (August 9, 1852 – October 19, 1922) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange during the Panic of 1907.
Thomas was born on August 9, 1852 and named after Ransom Halloway, a former U.S. Representative from New York's 8th congressional district.
Shortly before his death, he sold his seat as a board member of the Exchange after nearly fifty years of membership (having acquired his seat on November 5, 1874).
Throughout his time with the Exchange, he was associated with the chief committees of the Exchange and was President of the Stock Exchange Building Company at the time of his death.
In addition to his banking career, Thomas was an avid golfer and served as president of the United States Golf Association from 1905 to 1906.
He was a member of the Morris County Golf Club in Convent, New Jersey and was a former member of the Executive Committee of the United States Golf Association.
The mixed team sprint speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Lake St. Moritz on 15 January 2020.
He was part of the start-up of Associated Press Television News, was Head of Foreign News at ITN (2000), was part launch team of Al Jazeera English as Deputy Director of News and then as Managing Director, and led the turnaround of Al Jazeera America as CEO from 2015 to 2016.
Anstey was also Network Director of Media Development and Head of New Media at Al Jazeera Network and oversaw the digital properties and digital strategy at both AJAM and AJE.
During Anstey's tenure as Managing Director of AJE, it grew from being a newly launched news channel to gaining a reputation for quality worldwide, winning a number of major TV awards, and building distribution to over 300 million homes in over 130 countries.
Al Jazeera America was closed by Al Jazeera's parent company in 2016 as it was no longer sustainable given the economic challenges in US media marketplace, though it was recognised for the quality of its journalism and the progress made prior to closure.
Since leaving Al Jazeera America, Anstey founded has been CEO of Collingwood Worldwide, advising international companies on media strategy and communications.
Notable projects include advising the Global Commission on Adaptation chaired by former UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, Bill Gates, and Kristalina Georgieva to raise awareness of the need to build resilience to the impacts of climate change worldwide.
Since 2016, Anstey has been Chair of the board of trustees of People Need Nature, a UK based charity which exists to highlight the benefits that nature focused on achieving long term positive change.
Gertrud Spiess (16 April 1914 in Basel – 14 July 1995 in Basel) was a Swiss politician of the Christian Democratic People's Party.
She sat in the Citizens' Council of Basel, campaigned for women's suffrage in Switzerland, and joined the Grand Council of Basel in 1968.
Jalaa language also known as Cèntûm, Centúúm or Cen Tuum, is an extinct language of northeastern Nigeria (Loojaa settlement in Balanga Local Government Area, Gombe State), of uncertain origins, apparently a language isolate.
Zephaniah Swift Spalding (September 2, 1837– June 19, 1927) was a veteran of the American Civil War, who was first sent to Hawaii on a clandestine mission for US Secretary of State .
Two years after son Zephaniah's birth, Rufus entered politics, as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, and later as a member of the US House of Representatives.
During the reign of Kamehameha V, debates heated up in both Honolulu and Washington D. C. over a proposed sugar tariff reciprocity treaty between the United States and the Kingdom of Hawaii, versus outright American annexation of the island nation.
Secretary of State enlisted Spalding in an 1867 clandestine mission to Hawaii as a go-between observer accompanying United States Ambassador to Hawaii Edward M. McCook.
Spalding would later testify that Seward's verbal directives were to gather intelligence on the kingdom's perspectives of Hawaii's ties to America, but was unwilling to put his directives in writing.
Following the defeat of a proposed reciprocity treaty in the United States Congress, Spalding was named the United States Consul to Hawaii for twelve months during 1868–1869.
As the 1883 renewal, or termination, of the reciprocity treaty neared, the previously independent planters saw it in their best interests to organize.
The Makee Company was sold in 1916 for an undisclosed sum, but speculators at the time believed the sale price was in the area of $2,000,000 ().
Several individuals over the decades put forth proposals to lay a telegraph cable from San Francisco to each of the Hawaiian islands.
The Republic of Hawaii contracted with Spalding in 1895, allotting a modest annual subsidy for the project, with a stipulation of a completion deadline.
Additional funding was needed from the US government, but Congress failed to act on Spalding's request, and the terms of the contract could not be met.
It was not until 1900 that the US Senate allocated money for a cable, which was laid by the Commercial Pacific Company in 1902.
He pursued illustration after discovering the art of Jun'ichi Nakahara as a child, and began correspondence with the artist after graduating high school.
Nakahara invited Natio to study under him as an assistant, prompting Naito to relocate from Okazaki to Tokyo at age 19.
On October 24, 2007, Natio died of acute heart failure in his home in Izu, Shizuoka at the age of 74.
While Natio was widely recognized in Japan in his lifetime, his works have continued to grow in popularity since his death.
William E. Cooper (born 19 June 1929) is a retired major general in the United States Army who served as Deputy Director for Foreign Intelligence at the Defense Intelligence Agency.
The women's discus throw event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 13 July 1987.
Johann Dominikus Schultze (June 16, 1751 in Gröden - May 22, 1790 in Hamburg) was a German doctor and natural scientist.
Here he heard lectures by the doctor and naturalist Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus and the doctor and botanist Paul Dietrich Giseke .
Thomas Frederick Cole (born 17 November 1928) is a retired major general in the United States Army who served as Deputy Commanding General of Sixth United States Army from 1984 to 1988.
The Beach Handball World Games Tournament was first Contested in the 1st World Beach Games Event in Qatar, Doha for both genders men and women.
Thurman E. Anderson (born 2 June 1932) is a retired major general in the United States Army who served as Chief of Staff of United States Army Forces Command.
Jayden Sweeney (born 4 December 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL League Two side Leyton Orient.
Sweeney made his first-team debut for Leyton Orient in the FA Trophy on 15 December 2018, in a 4–0 win over Beaconsfield Town.
In November 2019, he joined Isthmian League Premier Division club Bishop's Stortford on loan, and scored on his debut in the 2–2 draw at Merstham on 30 November.
Joseph John Skaff (born 13 June 1930) is a retired major general in the United States Army who served as Commander of Fort Devens.
Toxic changes is a term collectively given to the changes that neutrophils might show in a peripheral blood smear in response to inflammatory conditions.
It was originally founded in 1793 in the nearby Château de Meudon and has played an important role in the development of French aviation.
The story of aviation at Chalais-Meudon starts in October 1793 when the French Public Safety Committee ordered the construction of an observation balloon capable of carrying two observers.
The old royal grounds at Meudon were allocated for this work, with the Château de Meudon chosen as the centre, with Nicolas-Jacques Conté as director.
Two French Balloon Corps balloon companies had already been created, and the new organisation's role was to build balloons and train their pilots and operators.
Léon Gambetta, the Minister for War, who had himself escaped from Paris by balloon, created a commission of air communications, and Colonel Charles Renard was put in charge of military ballooning.
It was named Hangar Y (all buildings at the site were allocated a letter) and the building nearest to it, which was used for the production of hydrogen, was named Building Z. Hangar Y has dimensions of: length , width , height .
Balloon parks were created, with steam winches used to move the balloons, and most of the components were built on site, including wicker baskets and hydrogen generators.
Hangar Y was at first used for balloons, but Renard soon started work on airships, which the building could also accommodate.
Taking off from outside Hangar Y, it flew over Villacoublay before returning and landing safely at its takeoff point, a flight of about taking 23 minutes.
It was propelled by an electric motor, but the batteries were so heavy that even the designers recognised that it was, at the time, a dead end, and after a further six successful flights, its development was abandoned.
The army found that airships were becoming decreasingly useful during WWI, and on 1 January 1918 all airships were transferred to the navy.
Construction and delivery of the CM series for the navy was completed, but CM.6 to CM.8 had also been ordered, but were not built.
Émile Dorand was a balloonist and engineer, who had been at Chalais-Meudon since 1907 and was appointed head of the Military Aeronautical Laboratory.
After that closed, he was appointed as the first director of the Service Technique de l'Aéronautique (STAé) on 28 February 1916.
While these showed some promise, and kites were being used by the army, the concepts were being overtaken by other ideas, so the interest in kites only lasted from around 1908 to 1916, by when all kite equipment had been returned to Chalais-Meudon, never to be used again.
One of the earliest experiments with aeroplanes at Chalais-Meudon was conducted by Victor Tatin who in 1879 developed a model monoplane, with a wing span of , powered by a compressed air engine.
Tied to a central pole in a circular track it took off and flew for about entirely under its own power - the first model aeroplane ever to do so.
At the end of WWI the STAé itself moved to the Issy-les-Moulineaux, about to the north-east of Chalais-Meudon, taking some of the research activities with it, but retaining some activities at Chalais-Meudon.
Its activities continued between the wars, but with only a small flying field available much of the aircraft testing was moved to the nearby Villacoublay airfield about to the south-west, and the rest of the aircraft testing, and some other research activities went to Issy.
During the occupation of World War II, German researchers used the facilities, including the Great Wind Tunnel, for testing their own aircraft and interesting captured French designs such as the Payen PA-22.
It was designed by Antonin Lapresle, who was a colleague of Gustave Eiffel who had built two wind tunnels with great success in Paris in 1909 and 1912.
In 1919, Albert Caquot proposed the setting up of an aeronautical museum, and items were collected at Issy-les-Moulineaux and at Chalais-Meudon, with many items preserved from the balloon, engine and aviation activities that had taken place at those locations.
With the building of the Charles de Gaulle Airport at Roissy, Le Bourget Airport had an increasing amount of space available, and the collection was gradually moved there.
Some maintenance has taken place, and there are plans for it to be restored to become the European Centre for Balloons and Airships and a cultural and education centre.
In 2013, the Insurance Bureau of Canada estimated that an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 along the St-Lawrence fault line will cause $CAD 60 billion in damage.
Register was commissioned as a distinguished military graduate from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1951, and served until his retirement in 1987.
The 2014 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 27-29 June at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
Bogdan Milovanov (born 19 April 1998) is an Ukrainian footballer who plays for Spanish club Sporting de Gijón B as a right back.
Born in Lugansk, Milovanov moved to the Community of Madrid at early age and made his senior debut with Alcobendas CF during the 2014–15 season, in Tercera División.
On 10 August 2017, after being sparingly used by Getafe's reserves, Milovanov signed for Segunda División B side UD San Sebastián de los Reyes.
On 9 July of the following year, he joined another reserve team, Sporting de Gijón B also in the third division.
Milovanov made his debut for the Asturians' first team on 14 January 2020, starting in a 1–0 home win against Elche CF for the Segunda División championship.
Copmanhurst Shire was abolished and split on 25 February 2004 with part merged with Maclean Shire, City of Grafton and Pristine Waters Shire to create Clarence Valley Council and the balance merged with Richmond River Council.
His assignments included Commanding General of 1st Infantry Division, 2nd Armored Division, VII Corps and Deputy Commanding General of First United States Army.
For her doctoral work, Akkaynak worked on computational methods to model the camouflage of cephalopods under the supervision of Ruth Rosenholtz and Roger Hanlon.
She was appointed a postdoctoral fellow at Princeton University in 2018, before joining Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute as an engineer in 2019.
She studied collective communication sciences at the University of Costa Rica and screenwriting at the Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión (EICTV) in San Antonio de los Baños, Cuba.
She has been a juror and script reader for contests and festivals such as Oaxaca Sundance, Ibermedia, the Costa Rica International Book Fair, and the Guadalajara International Book Fair.
Tomki Shire was abolished and split on 1 January 1976 with part absorbed by the Municipality of Casino and part merged with Woodburn Shire to form Richmond River Shire.
Kasthuri Sreenivasan or Kasturiswami Sreenivasan (12 May 1917 - 5 July 1991) was an Indian textile technologist, industrial sociologist and prolific author.
He did his undergraduate in Physics from Presidency College, Chennai, and then a Masters in Textile Technology at the College of Technology, Manchester, England.
The men's 100 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 13 and 14 July 1987.
This will be a list of the members who will be elected to the 33rd Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland.
The general election will take place throughout the state to elect 159 of the 160 members of Dáil Éireann, an increase of 2.
The incumbent, Seán Ó Fearghaíl, having made no such announcement, is thus due to be a member of the 33rd Dáil.
Luigi Settembrini was the lead ship of her class of two submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
During the Spanish Civil War she made one patrol in the Eastern Mediterranean during which she attacked the Soviet cargo ship off the island of Skyros on 1 September 1937.
China Tribunal is a People's Tribunal founded by the International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse in China (ETAC), and international non-profit organization, and its headquarter is located at London.
The chair of China Tribunal is Sir Geoffrey Nice QC, who has been a deputy prosecutor at the trial of Slobodan Milošević in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
One of the famous events of China Tribunal is that it pronounced its verdict on Organ Harvesting in China, and the Chinese government was found guilty on June 17, 2019.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
The two teams ended up playing each other 4 times before Hurlford won the fourth replay 5–1, knocking Kilmarnock out of the cup.
Lisa Gersh is an American businesswoman who has served as the CEO of companies such as Martha Stewart Living, Goop, and the Alexander Wang fashion label.
Gersh tells the story that she grew up poor in The Bronx, New York City, and began working as an umpire for girls' softball games to earn cash.
Due to unionization, she found great pay at the Foodtown grocery store, where she worked in highschool and made a game of memorizing all the prices to entertain herself.
In making the switch from legal to creative business, she describes how she had to learn to engage artists to give their best pitch, which was different than how she had engaged with legal clients.
Since making that change, she has been brought on as CEO of Martha Stewart Living, Goop, and the Alexander Wang fashion label.
Additional work by Gersh has included President of Strategic Initiatives at NBC Universal, Interim CEO at The Weather Channel, and founder/COO of the Oxygen Network.
Since October 2019, she has worked as an Executive Partner at Attention Capital LLC, an American company acquiring and building media brands in the attention economy.
It is located about northeast of Bloomingdale at the intersection of Ohio State Route 152 and Township Route 166, at .
The name of the post office was changed to Broadacre Post Office on June 15, 1915, and it was later discontinued on August 31, 1948.
William F. Moen Jr. (born November 14, 1986) is an American Democratic Party politician from Camden, who has represented the 5th Legislative District in the New Jersey Assembly since January 14, 2020.
Before taking office in the Assembly, Moen served on the Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 2016 to 2019, where he was one of the youngest people elected to serve as freeholder.
Moen resigned from his position as freeholder in March 2019 in order to focus on his run for assembly and was replaced by Melinda Kane.
Each of the forty districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly.
The women's 100 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 13 and 14 July 1987.
Orara Shire was abolished and split on 1 January 1957 with part absorbed along with the Municipality of South Grafton and parts of Copmanhurst Shire into the City of Grafton and part merged with the Municipality of Maclean to form Maclean Shire, part merged with Municipality of Ulmurra to form Ulmurra Shire.
The Ministry of Development Planning () was a ministerial department of the Government of Spain that existed between 1973 and 1976 during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco to prepare, promote and monitor the execution of the Economic and Social Development Plans that were enforced throughout the period known as the Spanish miracle.
Juan De Dios Rivas Margalef (born 7 July 1999), commonly known as Juande, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Málaga CF as a central defender.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 2 September 2018, starting in a 1–3 Segunda División B away loss against Marbella FC.
Juande made his first team debut on 14 January 2020, starting in a 1–0 home victory versus SD Ponferradina for the Segunda División championship.
He was the son of the auxiliary infantry field master of the Bragança garrison, Lazarus Pinto de Morais Bacelar, and a descendant of the former masters of the Bacelar Tower.
In 1756 he enlisted in the Cavalry Regiment of Chaves, and at the time of the War of 1762 raised at his expense a cavalry company, for which he obtained by decree of 19 June the rank of Captain.
With the regiment took he part in the military operations marching to the province of Minho, which was then threatened by the sides of Valencia, and later, at the proposal of Brigadier Smith.
Promoted to the effectiveness of this post in July 1782, he rose to Lieutenant-Colonel in March 1789, and finally to Colonel in November 1796 with the command of the regiment in which he had always served.
In the failed enterprise that during the war of 1801 Field Marshal Gomes Freire de Andrade undertook with the troops of the command of Lieutenant-General D. Manuel José Lobo against Monte Rei he covered Manuel Pinto Bacelar with great bravery and arranged the withdrawal of our troops contributing powerfully to save the forces engaged in that commission, and to maintain the credit and honor of our weapons.
When the war was over, he was promoted to brigadier, always at the head of the regiment, until it was re-melted with the denomination of 6th Cavalry Regiment.
Although removed from active service, when in 1807 he planned to resist the French invasion, Brigadier Bacelar offered to obey the orders of Lieutenant General Sepúlveda, accepting the command of a planned line of defense of the northern provinces that the government had ordered.
However, all these preparations for the fight were ordered to be suspended, and Napoleon's troops were able to enter Portugal without finding anyone to take their step.
Returning to the house of Vilar de Ossos there, he was retired until, summoned by the patriotic voice of Sepulveda in June 1808, he was appointed acting interim commander of the Douro district troops, an appointment confirmed by the government board established in Porto.
In the performance of these duties he patented all the skill and energy he was endowed with, actively taking care of reorganizing the provincial troops, especially the cavalry, until, when the revolution against the French was broken in Viseu, he was the Brigadier in charge of the interim government.
Beira province's weapons for the need to put in this post, according to the ordinance that appointed him, a trusted general officer.
Continuing the march, he made important raids on the enemy at Constância and Santarém, and then went to Santo António do Tojal to join the army of operations stationed at Mafra.
After being summoned to Lisbon with the other generals to report to the government, he was promoted to field marshal, and shortly thereafter sent to Porto to assist General Bernardim Freire in the important commissions he was assigned.
At the end of 1808 he was mandated to take command of the observation body for the provinces of Beira and Trás-os-Montes, with which he marched to the city of Guarda and went to occupy the positions between that city and that of Castelo Branco, from where he succeeded.
to circumvent the attempts of French general Lapisse, who sought to enter Beira Baixa, while Soult invaded Portugal from the north.
In the operations of Wellington to recover the city of Porto, Bacelar was in charge of several movements in the right of the Anglo-Portuguese army, and having, according to the instructions he had received, passed the Douro in Régua, directed himself over Mesão Frio, and was sent from there.
After the French were expelled, General Bacelar returned to his command of Beira, and having been promoted to lieutenant general, in Viseu he remained until, in June 1810, being given the superior command of the corps of the Militias of the three northern provinces and Porto party, went to establish their headquarters in Lamego.
The services he then performed and our general received a letter of praise from Marshal Wellington, which was published in the Order of the Day, and later the title of Viscount Monte Alegre, which the sovereign gave him on December 17.
In the following year, he took part in military operations, when Marmont and Brenier devastated some of our lands near the border, and thereafter continued quietly in charge of him until he died in Viseu.
Bacelar married on the 16 July 1776 to D. Joana Delfina Vanzeler Teixeira de Andrade Pinto, daughter of Pedro Francisco Vanzeler, colonel of dragons and governor of S. Noutel Fort in Chaves, and his wife, D. Maria Josefa Barbosa Silva Silva Teixeira Andrade Pinto.
The following is a list winners and nominees (if available) of the Eagle Award, sorted by year that the award was presented.
The Eagle Awards were first distributed in 1977 and were consistently presented in the 1980s and the 2000s (being mostly dormant in the 1990s).
For comics published in 1982; awards presented 15 October 1983 at the London Comic Mart, Central Hall, Westminster, by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons.
The 1984 awards (for comics published in 1983) were announced/presented at the Birmingham Comic Art Show, on Saturday, June 2, 1984.
The Awards for comics released during 1987 were presented on Saturday, September 24, 1988 at UKCAC88, The Institute of Education, London WC1.
The results for 1989 were presented at the 1990 United Kingdom Comic Art Convention (UKCAC) on September 23 by Paul Gambaccini and Dave Gibbons.
Note: Voting ended in October 2001 and the winners were announced in June 2002, so news reports announced these variously as the 2001, or 2002 Eagle Awards.
Nominations were made by the general comics reading public via the Eagle Awards website then the five most popular became nominees for the awards.
The ceremony was held on Saturday, May 12, 2007 at the 2007 Bristol Comics Expo and was hosted by Norman Lovett.
The ceremony was held on Saturday May 10, 2008, at the Bristol Comic Expo, and the awards were presented by comedian Fraser Ayres.
The 2009 vote was skipped but the 2010 awards (for work done in 2009) were presented at the London MCM Expo in a gala held at ExCeL London on 29 October 2009.
The Eagle Awards returned one last time, renamed as The True Believers Comics Award but keeping essentially the same format as in the past.
Voters were presented with a single list from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany-dominated National Front, which they could only approve or reject.
The seat allocation in each of the state parliaments was agreed in advance between the constituent parties and mass organizations of the Front.
Genuine or presumed opponents of the SED that participated in other member parties of the National Front were arrested or forced to flee to West Germany.
The film focuses on Havel's life from 1968 to 1989 when he was a dissident under Comunist regime and relationship with his wife Olga and friend Pavel Landovský.
She completed her degree in English BA in University College London, to become a broadcast presenter at the London radio station Reprezent alongside a role as a production researcher for Channel 4.
In December 2019 Idigbe had a meeting with United Kingdom Prime Minister Boris Johnson to discuss social issues in Society and Woman in Politics having also a speech at UK House of Lords.
At the beginning of January 2020, Sandy and other Anti-knife crime campaigners blocked the Westminster Bridge, a demonstration calling for a political action to stop further bloodsheds.
Micheál Aodh Martin (born 1994) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Cork Championship club Nemo Rangers and at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team.
On their birth certificates, the original spelling Skjellerup was used for all five siblings born between 1907 (his brother Valdemar was the oldest) and 1918 (Peter was the youngest).
He saw service in World War II with the 37th Battalion of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force in the Solomon Islands fighting again Japan.
The Labour Party won the 1957 general election and upon the Second Labour Government being formed, several sitting city councillors received high-ranking positions in government and resigned from their local roles.
In the 1959 Christchurch local election, the Citizens' ticket won all 19 city council seats, with Skellerup coming fifth (the mayor, George Manning, was from the Labour Party).
He was decisively defeated by the mayoral incumbent, Manning, but came second in the city council election (once again for 19 positions).
During this term, Skellerup lost his council seat over a technicality; he had breached the Local Authorities (Members’ Interests) Act 1968.
In the lead up to the 1971 election, Skellerup was publicly critical of the Citizens' mayor, Ron Guthrey, over his proposal to build a road through North Hagley Park.
Skellerup had never been fond of Guthrey and as a past chairman of the Parks and Reserves Committee, he was extremely annoyed by Guthrey going behind his back and announcing the road proposal without checking with him first.
At the election, Guthrey was defeated, Labour gained a majority on the city council, but Skellerup was the highest-polling council candidate by a large margin.
According to Hay, Skellerup was not considered as the Citizens' mayoral candidate over the furore that he had caused for Guthrey.
The Citizens' ticket also gained a majority on the city council and from 1974 to 1980, Skellerup was deputy-mayor to Hay.
Skellerup was also a member of the Lyttelton Harbour Board for twelve years, for three of those he was the chairman.
In 1941, he married Rita Margaret Grogan (26 August 1919 – 1985); they were to have one son and three daughters.
In the 1979 New Year Honours, Skellerup was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the City of Christchurch.
Skellerup sponsored the Antarctic wing at Canterbury Museum and to recognise his contribution, Skellerup Glacier in New Zealand's Ross Dependency in Antarctica was named for him.
He held the titles of Kalaniuvalu and Fotofili, and was a member of the Legislative Assembly between 1936 and his death in 1968, serving as Speaker from 1951 until 1958.
He was re-elected in every election until his death in January 1968, also serving as Speaker and Vice-President of the Privy Council between 1951 and 1958.
Hernández comes from a large family of tennis players, which includes his sister Claudia, who played in the Federation Cup for Mexico.
The tie was a World Group relegation playoff and was won by Mexico, with Hernández losing his dead rubber singles match to Ivan Dupasquier.
A national champion in 1982, Hernández made his only grand slam main draw appearance when he played in the doubles at the 1982 French Open, partnering American Mark Friedman.
His best performance on the professional tour came at the 1983 Monterrey Cup, where he reached the quarter-final stage of the singles, with wins over Steve Meister and Andy Andrews.
NGC 1803 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Pictor at an approximate distance of 192.48 million light years.
Charlotte Saumaise de Chazan was born in Paris in 1619, the daughter of a secretary to Gaston, Duke of Orléans, Bégnine de Saumaise and one of the queen's maids, Marguerite Anne Hébert.
Her uncle was also the scientist Claude Saumaise and it was he who looked after her education until Marie de Medici took over.
Her legal cases around this divorce created huge discussions among the Salon circles about the obligation of women to marry and bear children.
She was occasionally employed to write verses by Louis XIV while she worked as Lady in waiting to Queen Anne of Austria.
de Chazon wrote with the great names of Europe including to the Queens of England and particularly with Christina of Sweden, the Countess of Soissons, the Archbishop of Paris, and Monsieur, younger brother of the King of France.
She was included in the collection of verbal portraits gathered by Mademoiselle de Montpensier in 1659 and composed epigrams with Henriette de Coligny de La Suze.
His first match came against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1860, with his second appearance coming at Oxford against the same opposition in 1862.
He held several ecclesiastical posts in the West Country, starting at West Buckland, Devon where he was the canon from 1864–68.
He moved to Kilkhampton in the neighbouring county of Cornwall in 1868 to take the post of rector, which he held untl 1871.
Remaining in Devon, he moved to Offwell in 1880 to take the post of rector there, the fifth member of his family to do so.
In addition to playing first-class cricket, Copleston was also a leading figure in Devon cricket, playing for the county for thirty years prior to the formation of Devon County Cricket Club.
Juto (real name Jarius Gay) is a singer and songwriter born in Springfield, Missouri, raised in Gwinnett, Georgia, and based in Los Angeles.
Juto plays six instruments, including guitar, bass, keyboards, and trombone, and writes music influenced by the R&B, pop, and gospel music he listened to growing up.
Juto got his biggest early break when Odd Future member Taco and label executives discovered him and signed him as the first artist on Taco's new label Re7ax Records.
Juto's major early dates included opening for Daisy and – in his second performance ever – for Lauryn Hill at the Mayan in Los Angeles.
Alex Stik Castro Giraldo (born 8 March 1994) is a Colombian football player who plays as winger for Cruz Azul in Mexico's Liga MX.
Castro began his career at Alianza Petrolera, debuting on 17 October 2013 in a 1–0 Copa Colombia defeat Atlético Nacional as a 63rd minute substitute for Dairon Asprilla.
Castro scored his first senior goal on 9 April 2015, the opening goal in a 2–2 league draw with La Equidad.
He made his debut for the team on 8 July 2017 in a 4–2 win over Envigado and appeared in a continental competition for the first a week later, in the second round of the 2017 Copa Sudamericana against Junior.
The loan deal contained the option to purchase Castro at the end of the season but in December 2019, Deportivo Cali released a statement announcing Tolima had declined the option.
Robert William Haack (February 15, 1917 – June 14, 1992) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange and chairman of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation.
In 1940, he returned to Milwaukee where he began his career in the securities industry as a stockbroker with Robert W. Baird & Company.
After moving from trader to head of the department, then syndicate manager and later institutional sales manager, he became a partner at Baird in 1950 before moving to Washington in 1964.
On April 1, 1964, he became president of the National Association of Securities Dealers (predecessor to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority).
He left NASD in 1967 to become the fourth full-time president of the New York Stock Exchange, the nation's largest stock exchange.
During the near collapse of the financial markets in 1970, dozens of brokerage firms either collapsed or were forced into mergers, including prominent firms like Hayden Stone, Inc. and F. I. du Pont.
After his term as president ended in 1972, there was no president of the Exchange between May 1972 until May 1980 when John J. Phelan, Jr. assumed the presidency.
In 1976, after several international bribery scandals which involved the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation and other American companies, Haack was named chairman of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation.
He later married to Ann (nee Thornett) Miller (1930–2004), the daughter of Geoffrey Matthew Thornett former wife of Allison N. Miller Jr.
He was the father of four children, one son, Thomas Haack, and three daughters, Barbara Haack Sexton, Elizabeth Haack Barr, and Linda Haack Brooks.
While the company was based in Hulst in the Netherlands, the founder Danny G. Vandezande (hence the car's name) was a Belgian, the cars mechanics were American, and the vehicle was built in England.
GP Metalcraft had been exclusively a supplier of Formula 1 aluminium body parts but expanded to making bodywork for Cobras and other replicas after the fuel crisis placed the future of motor sports in doubt.
Vandezande felt that only such a small British firm would be able of executing the bodywork to a high enough standard for the Desande, although he had to switch after the original company proved not to have the necessary expertise.
Engine specifications varied as the General Motors donor cars were changed; in a 1982 road test Desande claimed DIN at 3400 rpm.
Production was limited to twenty cars per year and a maximum total of 250 cars, with the chassis plates (a gold plated one being mounted near the door) being numbered accordingly, but it is unknown how many were actually built.
Grand Prix Metalcraft was working on the fourteenth car in mid-1982.ref name=AC4459a/> Several sources state that production ended in 1984, but GP Metalcrafts displayed the car in 1985 and there are cars with titles as late as 1989.
The song reached number 2 in Czech Republic, number 7 in Finland, number 16 in Switzerland, number 23 in Austria and number 31 in Germany.
Marian Gertrude Beard, known to friends as 'Barbula' Beard (1885-1958) was an Irish-born educator and translator, headmistress of Putney High School and Crofton Grange School.
From 1918 to 1920 she worked as an Administrative Assistant in the Livestock Branch of the Ministry of Food, for which she was awarded an OBE in 1920.
He represented Croatia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's discus throw F52 event.
Outlier.ai is an Automated Business Analysis company that produces an eponymous data analysis platform that determines and analyzes data outliers and outlier patterns.
The company was founded by Mike Kim and Sean Byrnes in 2015, and its platform entered beta in 2016, becoming public in 2017.
Outlier.ai produces an eponymous platform that determines data outliers and unexpected patterns and changes in time-series data that are undetectable to human analysis via artificial intelligence.
Sturm Graz play in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the top flight of domestic women's football in Austria and are regular competitors in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
The club was formed in 2011 after taking over FC Stattegg's women's team, despite interest from rivals Grazer AK in also taking over the team.
The club started out playing in the 2nd Women's League East, before getting promoted at the end of the 2012/13 into the ÖFB-Frauenliga.
After an 8th place finish in their inaugural top-flight season, Sturm Graz went from strength to strength and qualified for the UEFA Women's Champions League after finishing 2nd in the 2015/16 season.
They were knocked out of their first Champions League campaign at the Round of 32, losing 0-9 on aggregate to Zürich..
Nancy A. Naples is an American sociologist, and currently Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the University of Connecticut, where she is also Director of Graduate Studies.
She has contributed significantly to the study of community activism, poverty in the United States, inequality in rural communities, and methodology in women's studies and feminism.
in Dance Education from New York University in 1974, and in 1979 she received a Master of Social Work in Social Policy from Hunter College School of Social Work, City University of New York.
Within this period, she worked as a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Economics at State University of New York, Purchase.
In 1988, she became an Assistant Professor at State University of New York, Old Westbury, before continuing to Iowa State University (1989-1992), and University of California, Irvine (1992-1998).
She then moved to University of Connecticut in 2001 where she started as an Associate Professor, progressed to a full-Professor, and in 2014 was made Board of Directors Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies.
Naples has been Chair of organisations including the Race, Gender and Class Section of the American Sociological Association, the Discrimination Committee of Sociologists for Women in Society, and the Conflict, Social Action and Change Division of the Society for the Study of Social Problems.
Much of Naples' career has been focused on Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies, and in reflection of this she has been the Director of related programs at University of California, Irvine and the University of Connecticut.
Naples works with ethnographic, discourse analysis, archival, and comparative research methods to explore the connection between social actors and economic and political structures and policies.
Born in Los Angeles, CA in 1905 as the son of poet and musician Charles Farwell Edson and social activist and feminist Katherine Philips Edson, Edson received the degree of A.B.
While a graduate student, Edson shared the driving with Alistair Cooke on a trip from the East Coast to Hollywood (at one point while Edson was driving, he ran into a cow and Cooke ended up in a hospital).
During World War II, Edson served in the United States Army, eventually becoming an officer in the Office of Strategic Services.
Edson taught for his entire career at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he worked his way from Assistant Professor to Full Professor from 1938-1976 and was a very popular classroom instructor as well as successful graduate mentor.
Peter Thomas Gaynor (born 1958) is an American emergency manager who is the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
He was appointed as Acting Administrator by President Donald Trump on March 8, 2019 and became Administrator on January 16, 2020.
Gaynor attended Community College of Rhode Island from 1982 to 1984, and Rhode Island College from 1984 to 1986, graduating with a B.A.
He was the Executive Officer responsible for the security of Camp David; was the Head of Plans, Policy, and Operations at the Headquarters Marine Corps during the September 11 attacks; and deployed with the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force where he coordinated combat operations in Al Anbar Province, Iraq for multinational and Marine forces.
From March 2008 to December 2014, Gaynor was the Director of the Providence Emergency Management Agency and Office of Homeland Security, where he was the only Certified Emergency Manager (CEM) assigned as a municipal emergency manager in Rhode Island.
He was responsible for ensuring the planning and operations of the agency, coordinating community exercise programs, managing the Emergency Operations Center, and advising the Mayor on local government emergency operations.
During that time, RIEMA responded to numerous small and large disasters, including one presidentially declared disaster and at least seven pre-existing active federal disasters.
Gaynor was confirmed by the Senate on October 11, 2018 as the Deputy Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Gaynor led the agency’s recovery efforts for many devastating disasters including the California wildfires, tornado outbreaks, severe storms, flooding in the Midwest and the Puerto Rico earthquakes.
Salts of the complex [Fe(pyCHNH)] exhibit spin crossover behavior, whereby the complex switches from high to low spin configurations, depending on the temperature.
The church is divided between the nave and chancel with an unusual triple chancel arch, a series of three arches right across the church interior, but now collapsed.
Pineapple Support is a nonprofit organization that provides free and low-cost mental health therapy to pornographic film actors, producers and others who work in the adult film industry.
It launched in April 2018 by British performer Leya Tanit in response to a series of deaths in the adult industry in late 2017 and early 2018 resulting from mental illness or addiction.
Pineapple Support has provided over 700 members of the adult film industry with mental health support and resources, including free and low-cost therapy, counselling and emotional support, in its first two years of existence.
Sam Hunt Racing (also sometimes known as Hunt-Garrett Racing and formerly known as Hunt-Sellers Racing and DRIVE Technology) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, fielding the No.
The team is currently based in Mooresville, North Carolina, although they have Virginia roots and their original shop was located in Chester, Virginia.
The team, first known as DRIVE Technology, was founded in 2013 by Virginian Shayne Lockhart, a former NASCAR driver-turned crew chief.
The team later ended up running only part-time, skipping the races at Five Flags, Winston-Salem, both Iowa races, and New Hampshire.
One of his races was set to be Daytona, but after full-time driver Brandon Jones failed to qualify in his own No.
Full-time ARCA Series driver Sarah Cornett-Ching drove the car at Bristol in a partnership between DRIVE Technology and her ARCA team, RACE 101.
The team continued to scale back in 2016, with Peña returning to DRIVE Technology for the first time in three years after he was released from Rev Racing.
HSR ran nearly the full season in 2018, with yet another driver from Virginia, rookie Colin Garrett, running all but the first two races of the season.
The team announced on January 17, 2019, that Garrett would return to Sam Hunt Racing to run the full season with them in 2019.
They announced on October 28, 2019, that they would field an Xfinity team for the first time in 2020, the No.
Zhang Zhenxian (; November 1927 – 2 December 2019) was a lieutenant general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force.
He enlisted in the New Fourth Army in January 1946 and joined the Communist Party of China in June of the same year.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang entered the 7th Flight Academy of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) to train as a pilot.
He rose through the ranks of the PLAAF, successively serving as pilot, squadron commander, group commander, regiment commander, division commander, and deputy chief of staff of the Shenyang Military Region Air Force.
In the 1980s and 1990s he served as Political Commissar of the Jinan Military Region Air Force and the Guangzhou Military Region Air Force.
Jane Blaffer Owen (April 18, 1915 - 2010) was a patron of the arts, author, and heir to the Humble Oil fortune (a predecessor of Exxon-Mobil).
She received the Louise Dupont Crowninshield Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 2008 for her work on New Harmony and received an honorary doctorate from Purdue University in 2008.
It was shot during the winter in Kurdan, and has recently received a license to be shown at international festivals.This movie is one of the few horror films made in Iran.
Bronschhofen railway station () is a railway station in the village of Bronschhofen, part of the municipality of Wil, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
Florence Lundborg (1871 - January 18, 1949) was an American illustrator, poster artist, and painter known for her book illustrations and wartime paintings.
She was a co-founder and early member of the Book Club of California.Her murals were in the Tea Room of the California Building at the Panama Pacific International Exposition.
After studying at the Athénée royal de Verviers he matriculated at the University of Liège, where he went on to obtain a doctorate in classical philology.
During the 1930s he oversaw the transfer of the archives from the Provincial Palace to a purpose-built repository on the site of the defunct Liège-Jonfosse railway station.
The 32nd Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony, presented and televised by American television network Univision, will recognize the most popular Spanish-language music of 2019 that was played on Uforia Audio Network during the year in 35 categories.
The ceremony will be hosted by American rapper Pitbull, Mexican singer Thalía, and model Alejandra Espinoza with each one being their first time hosting.
Known for his pace across the sand and technical abilities in scoring many goals, Ott came to prominence in the sport in 2014, excelling during the European season; he was named best young player in the world that year.
Ott's father, a former amateur of the Swiss third division, inspired him to play association football as a child at six years old.
Ott joined Swiss Super League side Grasshoppers as a youth in 2007 and advanced through their junior teams from the under-13s onwards.
He was originally tutored by Stephan Meir and Moritz Jaggy, members of the Swiss national team Ott would ultimately play alongside of.
Following this rejection, Franziska Steinemann, future coach of the Switzerland women’s team and a friend of Ott's mother, invited him to play with club side Havana Shots Aargau of the Suzuki Swiss National Beach Soccer League.
Initially, Ott attempted to continue his football career, joining FC Baden of the Swiss fourth tier for a year whilst also playing for Havana Shots; he made rapid progress with the latter.
Following his performances in the National League, Ott was called up to the Swiss national team and, aged 18, made his debut against Brazil in the 2012 Intercontinental Cup in November.
But, after winning the MVP award at the 2014 Euro Beach Soccer League Superfinal in August, Ott suffered a serious injury at the 2015 World Cup qualifiers a month later, tearing two knee ligaments, his anterior cruciate (ACL) and medial collateral (MCL), as well as tearing his meniscus.
He recovered in time for the 2015 World Cup, his first World Cup, in which he was joint top scorer with eight goals, claiming the Bronze Ball award.
In 2015, he also moved from Havana Shots back to his childhood club of Grasshoppers, this time their beach soccer branch, having been persuaded by Swiss colleague Dejan Stankovic.
Ott represented FC Barcelona in 2015; Ott began to find that he was frequently being compared to football star Lionel Messi, with both having played for Barcelona, being small in stature, technically agile, frequent goalscorers and wearers of the number 10 jersey.
He has since gone on to play for other clubs outside of Switzerland including Catania (Italy), Pisa (Italy), Lokomotiv Moscow (Russia), CSKA Moscow (Russia), Botofogo (Brazil), Sporting CP (Portugal), Artur Music (Ukraine) and Falfala Kfar Qassem (Israel).
In 2019, he won the Swiss National League for the first time with Grasshoppers and earned his first commendation with the Swiss national team, the bronze medal at the 2019 European Games.
His pace is also frequently referenced as his strength, with an ability to glide quickly across the pitch without his feet sinking into the soft sand surface.
In 2015 he was working as an office administrator in Zürich and would subsequently drive to Basel to train with the national team.
His employer of the time fired Ott in 2017 as they were unwilling to accommodate Ott's need to dedicate so much time to beach soccer.
Within beach soccer, he looks up to Portuguese brothers Leo and Be Martins but says the most important people in his career have been Swiss coach Angelo Schirinzi and teammate Dejan Stankovic.
Jordan Woods-Robinson was born and raised in the city of Bybee, Tennessee on an animal rescue farm and later moved to New York City to feel his deep love for acting and graduated from the city's Tisch School of Arts.
A few weeks after graduation, Jordan made his acting debut portraaying Blue Man at Blue Man Club where he traveled around the world while performing at the shows.
In addition to acting, Jordan also showed interest in being a composer and was the co-founder of an online recording company of musicians and vocalists called SOSstudio.
Calle is a Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish feminine given name, nickname and surname that is a diminutive form of Carl and Karl and an alternate form of Kalle.
Sakamichi Kenshusei is the group designation for the final 15 members who had passed the Sakamichi Joint Auditions held during the summer of 2018.
Qianjiang Century City () is a central business district under construction, located in Ningwei Street, Xiaoshan District, southeast of Qiantang River, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
From the northwest to the Qiantang River, southwest to the Qijia Gate - Limin River, northeast to Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway, south to the former Jiefang River, east to Liqun River and Shixin Road.
Tremelling competed at three Archery World Championships – in Jakarta in 1995, in Victoria, Canada in 1997 and, in the lead-up to the 2000 Olympics, at the 1999 World Archery Championships in Riom, France.
The women's long jump at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held at the Dubai Club for People with Determination in Dubai from 7–15 November.
Object: Alimony is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Scott R. Dunlap and starring Lois Wilson, Hugh Allan, Ethel Grey Terry, Douglas Gilmore, and Roscoe Karns.
Grant Denyer and Amanda Keller returned to co-host the season while Craig Revel Horwood, Sharna Burgess and Tristan MacManus returned to the judging panel.
On January 14, 2020, the Boeing 777-200ER conducting the flight had engine problems shortly after takeoff; while returning to the origin airport for an emergency landing, it dumped fuel over populated areas adjacent to the city of Los Angeles, resulting in skin and lung irritation in at least 56 people on the ground and triggering a Federal Aviation Administration investigation.
Minutes after departing LAX and initiating a climb over the Pacific Ocean, the pilots reported a compressor stall in the aircraft's right engine.
CBS News reported that, based on the expert opinion of a former Boeing 777 captain, Flight 89 would likely have dumped 15,000-20,000 gallons of fuel.
While over land and approaching LAX for an emergency landing, the plane dumped fuel over a five-mile portion of the Los Angeles county area, including five elementary schools and a high school.
First responders were called to multiple schools to treat children and staff who were outdoors at the time Flight 89 dumped fuel.
Following the Flight 89 incident, the mayor of Burien, Washington, a city located adjacent to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, called on the Port of Seattle to develop an emergency response plan for similar situations.
The Arias Navarro I Government was formed on 4 January 1974 following Carlos Arias Navarro's appointment as Prime Minister of Spain by Head of State Francisco Franco on 29 December and his swearing-in on 2 January, as a result of Luis Carrero Blanco's assassination on 20 December 1973.
It succeeded the Carrero Blanco government and was the Government of Spain from 4 January 1974 to 12 December 1975, a total of days, or .
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the three deputy prime ministers and 19 ministries, including one minister without portfolio.
Alana Nicole O´Neill (born 13 July 1996) is an American soccer player who plays for Portuguese club Benfica as a defender.
In the Cold of the Night is a 1990 American erotic thriller film produced and directed by Nico Mastorakis, and written by Mastorakis and Fred C. Perry.
Arjen Hoekstra (June 28, 1967 - November 18, 2019) was a professor at the University of Twente who pioneered the concept of the water footprint - a way of measuring the extent of water consumption.
His work drew attention to the hidden water use associated with a range of activities, and continues to have a profound effect both on scholarship and on environmental policy and activism.
At the University of Twente, Arjen Hoekstra was Professor of Water Management and Chair of the Department of Multidisciplinary Water Management.
He worked on a variety of interdisciplinary research projects, and advised a range of organisations about water consumption, these included governments, UNESCO, the World Bank, and Compassion in World Farming.
Throughout his career, Hoekstra's work gained international media attention and he was consistently referred to as an expert on the topic of water resource issues.
The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business.
A water footprint can be calculated for any well-defined group of consumers (e.g., an individual, family, village, city, province, state or nation) or producers (e.g., a public organization, private enterprise or economic sector), for a single process (such as growing rice) or for any product or service.
Traditionally, water use has been approached from the production side, by quantifying the following three columns of water use: water withdrawals in the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sector.
While this does provide valuable data, it is a limited way of looking at water use in a globalised world, in which products are not always consumed in their country of origin.
In 2002, the water footprint concept was introduced in order to have a consumption-based indicator of water use, that could provide useful information in addition to the traditional production-sector-based indicators of water use.
The water footprint is a geographically explicit indicator, not only showing volumes of water use and pollution, but also the locations.
Thus, it gives a grasp on how economic choices and processes influence the availability of adequate water resources and other ecological realities across the globe (and vice versa).
The film stars Hollis McLaren as Heather Grey, the daughter of business magnate John Grey (Denholm Elliott); when she takes over leadership of the company after her father's death, she becomes a target for the romantic interests of Paul (Michael Margotta), a corporate spy for the American company.
It was a Canadian Film Award nominee for Best Feature Film at the 27th Canadian Film Awards in 1976, but did not win.
It will be available with three engines: a turbocharged 2.5L unit with 300 horsepower,0~62mile is 6.9sec, a turbocharged 3.5L unit with 375 horsepower, 0~62mile is 5.5sec, and a turbocharged 3.0L diesel with 274 horsepower.
The safety system includes 10 airbags, Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist, Reverse Parking Collision-Avoidance Assist, Driver Attention Warning, Blind Spot Collision-Avoidance Assist, Automatic High Beam Assist and Lane Keep Assist System (LKAS).
It's main competitors will be the Acura MDX, Audi Q7, BMW X5, Buick Enclave, Cadillac XT6, GMC Acadia Denali, Infiniti QX60, Lamborghini Urus, Land Rover Discovery, Lexus RX, Lincoln Aviator, Mercedes-Benz M-Class, Porsche Cayenne, Tesla Model X and the Volvo XC90.
Lim and Jang Woo-jin were the men's doubles winners at the 2016 Belarus Open, the 2018 Korea Open, and the 2018 ITTF World Tour Grand Finals.
Land defenders are primarily members of Indigenous communities in North America and are not considered to be protesters, but performing a sacred duty through non-violent resistance to activities which endanger the land.
Land is considered sacred by Indigenous peoples and caring for and protecting land is considered a duty to honour ancestors, to current peoples, and future generations.
Land defenders play an active and increasingly visible role in actions intended to protect, honour, and make visible the importance of land.
Land defenders resist the installation of pipelines, fossil fuel industries, destruction of territory for development such as agriculture and resource extraction activities such as fracking because these actions can lead to the degredation of land, destruction of forest, and disruption of habitat.
Activism can come in the form of the erection of blockades on reserve lands or traditional territories to block corporations from resource extraction activities.
Land defenders often face perilous conditions in the face of state powers, resource corporations such as gas or mining corporations, others seeking to develop land or extinguish Indigenous land rights.
For example, it was revealed that the Canadian national police force, the RCMP, were prepared to use deadly force against land defenders in a 2019 protest in British Columbia.
The human rights organization Global Witness reported that 164 land defenders were killed in 2018 in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil, India, and Guatemala.
The UN has reported that many land protectors are labelled as terrorists by state governments in an effort to discredit their claims.
Amnesty International has called attention to the dangers facing those seeking to protect the earth, water, and communities, calling Latin America the most dangerous location for land defenders.
The Environmental Defence Fund has reported that over 1700 defenders have been killed with less than 10% of those responsible brought to justice.
The Extinction Rebellion (XR) has worked to bring attention to the situation of land defenders and have honoured those who have been killed.
She has a degree in biochemistry and biophysics from Harvard University and a PhD in cell biology and neuroscience from Yale University.
Other positions that she has held include chief executive of Macmillan Science and Education, as well as leadership roles at Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science citation and abstract search database.
The Breviary of Eleanor of Portugal is an early 16th-century Flemish illuminated manuscript Breviary, providing the divine office according to the Roman ordinal and calendar.
The breviary belonged originally to Eleanor, Queen of Portugal, who is depicted in prayer before the Virgin and Child in the opening miniature; it is not known, however, whether it was commissioned by the Queen herself, or whether it was a gift to her, (perhaps through the Netherlandish Hapsburg court, by Emperor Maximilian I or Margaret of Austria).
It was purchased by J. P. Morgan from the Parisian art dealer Hamburger Frères in 1905: it is now in the collection of the Morgan Library & Museum, in New York.
Martha Bray or Martha Bray-Smeets (1884 – 1949) was a French suffragist who formed the Ligue d'action féminine to influence French opinion in favour of recognising women's right to vote.
On 6 December 1925 she created the Ligue d'action féminine to influence French opinion to recognise that French women had the right to vote.
Unlike Britain, France had not rewarded French women with the vote after the war, and the argument for women's suffrage was confused.
The organisation she had formed was non-militant but Bray was envious of the militant tactics that had been used by the British Women’s Social and Political Union before the first World war.
On 8 September 1926 they made the front page of the Paris daily newspaper Le Journal with coverage of their campaign and a photo of a car of supporters and a portrait of Bray.
Jean-René Farthouat (26 June 1934 – 11 January 2020) was a French lawyer who served as Bâtonnier of the Paris Bar Association from 1994 to 1995.
Squad Car is a 1960 American crime drama film directed by Ed Leftwich and starring Vici Raaf, Paul Bryar, Don Marlowe, Jack Harris, and Lynn Moore.
The accolades of Australian actress Judy Davis include numerous awards from various international institutions, including eight AACTA Awards, two BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, one National Board of Review award, three Primetime Emmy Awards, and one Screen Actors Guild Award.
The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards, formerly known as the Australian Film Institute Awards, are presented annually by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA) to recognize and honor achievements in the film and television industry.
The Academy Awards are a set of awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually for excellence of cinematic achievements.
The Gemini Awards were awards given by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television to recognize the achievements of Canada's television industry.
The Genie Awards were awarded annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema, from 1980 to 2012.
The Golden Globe Award is an accolade bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.
The Gracie Awards are awards presented by the Alliance for Women in Media Foundation (AWM) in America, to celebrate and honor programming created for women, by women, and about women.
The Primetime Emmy Awards are presented annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, also known as the Television Academy, to recognize and honor achievements in the television industry.
The annual Prism Awards honors the creative community for accurate portrayals of substance abuse, addiction and mental health in entertainment programming.
Hot & Saucy Pizza Girls is a 1978 American pornographic comedy film directed by Bob Chinn and starring Desireé Cousteau, John C. Holmes, and Candida Royalle.
The National Photography Museum () is a Moroccan art museum dedicated to photography located in Rabat, Morocco, within the repurposed 19th century Burj Kebir Fortress.
The fort was constructed from 1886 to 1900 under the reign of Sultan Hassan I. Rottembourg refers to Walter Rottembourg, the German engineer who oversaw the fort's construction.
He also said that the museum's inauguration was consonant with the directives of King Muhammad VI, namely the democratization of culture.
This exhibition featured work by Zakaria Ait Wakrim, Abderrahman Amazzal, Hamza Ben Rachad, Walid Bendra, Déborah Benzaquen, Lhoucine Boubelrhiti, Mourad Fedouache, M'hammed Kilito, Ismail Zaidy (L4artiste), Mehdy Mariouch, Amine Oulmakki, Ali ElMadani (Rwinalife), Fatimazohra Serri, Style Beldi, Yassine Toumi, and Yoriyas.
Weber & Co. in 1859 based on a plan by professor Julius Thomsen (1826-1909) for manufacturing washing soda from cryolite from a cryolite factory in Greenland.
In 1865, when he had completed his exams, Kryolit Mine og Handelsselskabet sent him to the US to oversee the deliveries of cryolite to the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company.
In early 1856, he travelled to the US to provide technical support in connection with the first deliveries of cryolite from Greenland.
With inspiration from David Alter's nearby production site, Hagemann began to work on improving methods to manufacture and purify bromine from salt well.
Fabrikken Øresund was hit hard and went into administration when the market price of washing soda suddenly dropped dramatically in 1866.
When Hagemann visited Denmark in the summer of 1869, C. F. Tietgen convinced him to purchase kryolitfabrikken Øresund in a partnership with Vilhelm Jørgensen (1844-1925).
The production of sulfuric acid had already been discontinued in the 1880s as a result of a contract with Fredens Mølle.
The company's cryolite was on 1 January 1940 ceded to Kryolitselskabet Øresund A/S (a company founded by Greenland's Home Office), Kryolith Mine og Handels Selskabet A/S and Øresunds chemiske Fabriker.
The Amanda Young Foundation was established in 1998 by Barry and Lorraine Young, following the death of their daughter Amanda in 1997 from meningococcal disease.
Young was born on 6 September 1979, and died on 12 October 1997 after contracting meningococcal disease while in Penrith, New South Wales; she was part of a rowing team attending a regatta.
There had been an outbreak of meningococcal disease in the Kensington Colleges; 450 people who had come into contact with the infected person were given the vaccination, with some also being given antibiotics.
A further 1100 students at Chevalier College were vaccinated after an outbreak there; one of the students infected had her feet amputated.
The two events involved identical strains of the bacteria, but it was not known how they were related, and an early unrelated outbreak had occurred at the Kensington Colleges in August 1997.
Kate Fandry a friend of Amanda at Penrhos College, and a member of the same sporting teams worked for the Foundation following support from the WA Health Department.
The Foundation relies on fundraising and the support of community groups across Perth to operate; they include open gardens, fetes, and other activities, such as the group of volunteers who in 2016 crocheted a wall of yellow flowers to be displayed during Channel Seven Perth Telethon.
The garden is a labour of love, borne out of Young's parents need to do something to keep them busy following her death.
There is an annual fete and open day, supported by local community groups, held every October to raise money for the Foundation.
The building is representative of the transition of Chicago high rise design from the Chicago School to Art Deco, and its north and east facades feature Neo-Manueline ornamentation.
The bank's name was changed to the Century Trust and Savings Bank, and the building's name was changed to the Century Building.
Home Federal Savings and Loan purchased the Century Building in 1950, and moved its headquarters into the building on June 30, 1952.
The building has also served as home to the headquarters of the Gideons International, Local 66 of the Elevator Operators and Starters Union, the main offices of Sterling Cleaners and Dyers, the Audit Bureau of Circulations, a Liggett's drug store, Family Loan Corporation, May Jewelers, Romas Restaurant, the Illinois Migrant Council, the National Alliance of Black Feminists, and the local office of the Guardian Angels.
In 2005, the General Services Administration used eminent domain to seize the Century Building, also acquiring other nearby buildings, citing the need for increased security around the Dirksen Federal Building.
In 2011 and 2013, Preservation Chicago listed the Century Building and the nearby Consumers Building as one of Chicago's 7 most endangered buildings.
In 2017, CA Ventures reached an agreement to purchase the Century Building, the Consumers Building, and the two smaller buildings in between, for $10.38 million.
The Century Building and Consumers Building would have been converted to apartments, as part of a $141 million redevelopment project, while the historic Streamline Moderne storefront of 214 South State Street would have been restored and incorporated into a 25,000 square-foot structure built between the taller buildings for retail and commercial use.
Under the terms of the agreement, the City of Chicago would purchase the buildings from the federal government and then immediately sell them to CA Ventures.
However, the City of Chicago backed out of the agreement in December 2019, citing security concerns at the nearby Dirksen Federal Building.
Wanneroo Lion Park, formerly Bullen's African Lion Safari Park, was an open-range zoo in Carabooda, in the north of Perth, Western Australia.
The park was opened on 21 August 1971 by brothers Ken and Stafford Bullen, in partnership with television station TVW7 and Michael Edgley, following the closure of Bullens Circus in 1969, and the success of similar ventures in New South Wales.
They would bite anything attached to the vehicles, especially windscreen wipers and tyres, and windows needed to be kept up to prevent them putting their paws inside.
Lion cubs were also sent to appear in events in regional areas, such as the 1976 FeNaCl Festival in Dampier, where two cubs were inducted into the Dampier Lions Club, becoming the first female members.
In 1971, a man had his arm clawed when a lion pushed down the car window, and later died in hospital following a reaction to the anaesthetic.
A second death occurred in 1982, an apparent suicide in which a man walked out of his cars towards the lions.
In 1977, lions escaped their enclosure, killed goats, and injured a donkey, and in the mid-1980s there were reports a lion had escaped the park, which were investigated by the police.
The American actress Tippi Hedren visited the park in 1981, and voiced her dismay at the treatment of lions to the media.
In 1988, the park closed due to the high costs associated with public liability insurance and feeding the animals, and amid dissent from animal rights activists.
In 2014 the City of Wanneroo's Regional Museum collected stories and materials related to the park, including making two oral history recordings of former park workers John and Fran Gilbertson, and Marion Colmer.
A new venture was considered in 2011, and premier Colin Barnett planned for Perth Zoo to operate a new open-range venue in the Perth Hills, but that plan was abandoned following the change in government at the 2017 state election.
He raced the boat in the summer of 1976, with a crew made up of family members and amassed a very successful racing record.
The co-founder of Pearson Yachts and owner of TPI Composites, Inc, Everett Pearson, made an agreement with Johnstone to produce the design in a new factory, in return for the exclusive United states building rights.
He had been working as vice president of marketing for AMF/Alcort, the builders of the Sunfish sailboat at that time, but was unable to interest them in the J/24 design.
The company intentionally avoided the production aspect of the business, leaving that to Pearson Yachts and instead concentrating on design and marketing.
Production of the J/24 started in 1977 and the new partners expected to sell 250 boats that first year, and actually sold 750.
By early 1978 the class was popular enough to hold a one-design regatta in Key West with twenty boats competing and by that summer sixty-eight competed in Newport, Rhode Island.
Rod Johnstone's son Jeff Johnstone became president, while his son Alan Johnstone was named vice-president, while Phil Johnstone is legal counsel.
Five of Jim and Bob Johnstone's sons serve as members of the board of directors: Jeff, Alan, Stuart, Drake and Phil Johnstone.
By 2020 the company had built more than 9,000 boats and had ten designs in production: the J/70, J/80, J/88, J/96, J/99, J/111, J/121, J/97E, J/112E and the 122E.
On the same date, Kuomintang chairman Wu Den-yih announced his intention to resign his post, and stated that other high-ranking officers would also resign.
For the 2020 leadership election, each candidate is required to collect signatures from at least 3 percent of the party membership prior to 4 February 2020.
In previous leadership elections, candidates were required to secure a simple majority in a two-round system before their certification as the victor.
The party's electoral rules were revised in 2018, so that the candidate with a majority of votes would win the election.
Unlike Taiwan-based members of the Kuomintang, who were eligible to vote after four months of party membership, overseas party members must have held membership for one year.
Notes for a Film About Donna and Gail is a Canadian drama film, directed by Don Owen and released in 1966.
The film centres on Donna (Michèle Chicoine) and Gail (Jackie Burroughs), two young women who work together at a dress factory and live together as roommates, tracing the evolution and decline of their friendship in a documentary-style format.
The film makes use of the then-novel device of an unreliable narrator, ultimately revealing that the film is much more about the narrator's skewed perceptions of the women's relationship than it is about the women themselves.
She represented China at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's 48 kg event in 2012.
We Believe in Dinosaurs is a 2019 American documentary about the controversy surrounding the construction of the Ark Encounter museum in Williamstown, Kentucky.
The museum argues that dinosaurs existed alongside all modern animals including humans, but perished during the flood narrated in the Bible.
Dan Phelps is a geologist and activist who seeks to expose the falsehoods promoted by Ken Ham and Answers in Genesis.
Today he has been disowned by the church and shares his new perspective publicly through channels such as the Huffington Post.
Instead of detailing the finer points of the debate between evolution and creationism, the film looks more at the genesis of the museum itself.
It also looks at the organization of a protest put on by Tri-State Free Thinkers, a local atheist group with a pro-science stance.
Through the process of construction it is made clear that, for the people of Williamstown, Kentucky, the museum was ultimately a disappointment.
The film also contains scenes of the completed museum and what type of programs they conduct, which drives home the museum's primary purpose.
The surprising aspect is that it appears the scientists and protesters are often outmatched by the power of strong belief communities who have the political and financial connections to fund this project.
Emperors and kings did this because celibate clergymen could not produce legitimate heirs who could claim their inheritance at death, and thus not establish regional dynasties that could threaten the power of the imperial or royal house.
Upon their deaths, the areas governed by celibate clerics automatically reverted back to the ruler, who could then appoint their own new confidants to the position and thus retain control of all parts of the realm.
Although the phenomenon is most often associated with the Ottonian emperors (and is therefore sometimes also called the Ottonian System), since emperor Otto I introduced the system in the Holy Roman Empire in the 10th century, the practice of appointing celibate Catholic clerics in worldly governing positions had already existed during the Carolingian Empire, and in Ottonian times also occurred in France and England.
The Ottonians even managed to control the bishops of Rome, who were in the process of achieving papal primacy inside Western Christendom.
The popes, however, managed to strengthen their position in the 11th and 12th century during the Investiture Controversy, and seized indirect control of the appointment of bishops in the Holy Roman Empire with the 1122 Concordat of Worms.
Initially, a system was introduced where local cathedral chapters elected the new bishop, and their choice had to be confirmed by the metropolitan bishop.
In the 14th century, the Holy See began to reserve the appointment of certain bishops to itself, after which the popes gradually laid claim to the exclusive right to appoint all bishops everywhere.
This enabled them to appoint their confidants, thus nullifying the emperors' advantages and thus interest in maintaining and enlarging the Imperial Church System.
Although some prince-bishoprics would continue to exist until the French Revolution or even the German mediatisation (1803), they gradually declined in number and power in subsequent centuries.
The Fellow grade of membership is the highest level of membership, and cannot be applied for directly by the member – instead the candidate must be nominated by others.
This grade of membership is conferred by the IEEE Board of Directors in recognition of a high level of demonstrated extraordinary accomplishment.
It is located about west of New Somerset at the intersection of County Highway 53 and Township Road 218, at .
The name was changed to Holt Post Office on May 9, 1892, and the branch was discontinued on November 30, 1907.
He served as the head football coach at the University of Montana from 1915 to 1917, compiling a record of 7–7–3.
He was an assistant football coach at the University of Idaho from 1908 to 1909 and at his alma mater, Washington State, in 1913.
Bamba started playing for the Limoges Under 21 Basketball club in the Pro A French U21 basketball league at the age of 19.
He moved to the greek side PSYHIKO ATHENS where he averaged 6.7 points he moved to the Romanian division A league side TIMBA TIMISOARA where he averaged 9.2 points per game.
The series is inspired by true events of British nuclear bomb tests in the 1950s at remote Maralinga, in outback South Australia.
Testing the most dangerous weapon in the world is no easy task with Commanding Officer, who is not fit for purpose, new meteorologist Dr Eva Lloyd-George, who starts asking questions, and the federal government and press watching his every move.
David Gillespie is a former lawyer who has written several books about health, psychology and education although he admits to no qualifications in nutrition or dietetics, psychology or education.
Some of his claims have been criticized as both misleading and dangerous by qualified dietitians and eminent bodies such as the Australian National Heart Foundation.
Gillespie has researched and written a series of books about diet and other issues on the basis of his personal experience and conclusions from reading.
There are some that lack nutritional integrity but consumed occasionally, in small quantities as a celebratory food or treat, they would have no long-lasting negative effects on our health...But there are poorly balanced diets.
The National Heart Foundation of Australian has released a statement disagreeing with Gillespie's claims around vegetable oils and including a strong health warning.
However there is scientific consensus that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat, in particular polyunsaturated fat, reduces your risk of heart disease.
In the book Gillespie looks at how Australia came to have current the school system and then provides a guide to finding the best school.
Gillespie argues that there are two critical factors in identifying the best school; the quality of the teachers and the quality of the leadership team and that these can be found in any part of the Australian school system.
In the book Gillespie states that he has 6 children and if he sent them to the private school he attended or the equivalent girls' school he would have to have paid over $AUS1.3 million in fees.
While the book has received criticism from Teachers Unions, who he says have taken incentives away from teachers, and by the independent school system, no one has disputed that the quality of teachers count.
After William Jennings Bryan won the Democratic nomination in 1896 he left the Democratic Party and joined the pro-gold standard National Democratic Party.
During the 1912 presidential election he supported former President Theodore Roosevelt in his attempt to win the Republican nomination and after he left to form the Progressive Party he joined.
On October 9, 1927 Bird died at his home in Walpole, Massachusetts after being ill for two years and left behind an estate worth $12,300,000 ($180,723,051 with inflation).
Ishigaki has won singles titles at the 2010 Egypt Open and the 2016 Bulgaria Open, and a women's doubles crown at the 2010 Japan Open.
In 1989, he was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his head at one of his houses in Los Angeles.
Tobalina was born in 1925 in Peru, and emigrated to Brazil and then to the United States in the early 1950s.
He arrived in California in 1956, and over the next few years, he worked as both a car salesman at a number of car dealerships and a Spanish-language announcer.
By the autumn of 1971, Tobalina had become the owner of the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles, California after purchasing it for around $300,000.
Throughout the decade, Tobalina and his wife Maria Pia Palfrader took ownership of a small number of adult theaters, including the X Theater on Hollywood Boulevard and the Star Theater in La Puente.
After the case, Tobalina filed a counterclaim against the prosecution, which included the mayor, state attorney general, and governor of Denver.
Tobalina then hired lawyer Stanley Fleishman to appeal the ruling; appeals were made to the Los Angeles County appellate court, which upheld the ruling, and the California Supreme Court, which declined to review the case.
On March 31, 1989, Tobalina's wife Maria found him lying unresponsive in the enclosed back patio of one of his houses in the neighborhood of Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles.
He was discovered with a .38 caliber Smith & Wesson revolver in his right hand, and was declared dead from a gunshot wound to the head.
He graduated from the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in 1956, and then spent two more years there studying aesthetics.
He joined the faculty of Wuhan University on the invitation of President Li Da, and spent his entire career at the university.
He was a longtime director of the Institute of Aesthetics at Wuhan University, and also served as Vice President of the China Aesthetics Society.
Liu spent decades studying Marxist aesthetics, history of Chinese aesthetics, history of Chinese calligraphy and painting, and Chinese traditional thoughts and culture.
In 1999, he was invited to teach as a visiting professor at the University of Trier and Heidelberg University in Germany, and the book was translated into German and published by the University of Trier Press.
World Beyond War publishes books, maintains a speakers bureau, funds the installation of billboards, hosts conferences, organizes protests, and produces webinars.
Publications by people affiliated with World Beyond War have appeared in The Nation, The New York Times, Truthout, Counterpunch, and The Progressive.
She attended Carnegie Mellon University for her Bachelor of Arts degree and Harvard Graduate School of Design for her Master's degree.
After graduating from Harvard, she worked alongside Michael Van Valkenburgh in landscape architecture while also teaching at the University of Minnesota.
She also collaborated with various artists, historians, hydrologist, and members of the local community to reconstruct Vintondale, Pennsylvania's acid mine drainage into Vintondale Reclamation Park.
As part of the land included a working Navy base, she uncovered and designed ship crainways, ecological floating wetlands, and reused debris as pavers to turn the site into an ecological friendly landscape.
In 2019, she was named a juror for the DIA Plaza Design Competition hosted by the Detroit Institute of Arts and Midtown Detroit, Inc.
Across the Barrier of Sound: PostScript is a 2020 compilation album consisting of material recorded in 1989 and 1990 by Game Theory, a California power pop band founded in 1982 by guitarist and singer-songwriter Scott Miller.
The collection of mostly previously unreleased songs from Game Theory's final lineup concludes Omnivore's series of Game Theory reissues which began in 2014.
The Rape of a Sweet Young Girl () is a Canadian satirical comedy-drama film, directed by Gilles Carle and released in 1968.
Following its Canadian theatrical premiere in 1968, the film was screened in the Director's Fortnight stream at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival.
He played for the Baltimore Colts from 1973 to 1974, the New York Giants in 1975 and for the Atlanta Falcons in 1976.
She studied at the Worcester School of Art from 1903 to 1907 and then at the Glasgow School of Art for two years before attending Heatherley's School of Art in London until 1914.
Andrews exhibited extensively in international shows, in Canada and in Stockholm and Turin, and also in Britain, notably at St Ives where she lived.
Golam Rabbani (died 10 January 2011) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as a Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Joypurhat-1 constituency.
A few examples normally come down to Singapore to operate during the period of the north-east monsoon in the South China Sea.
The perahu payang ranges in length from about 33-45 feet (10-13.7 m) with a beam of 6 to more than 7 feet (1.8-2.1 m).
This wire hoop is used for frightening the fish into the net by shaking it under the water when it makes a rattling sound.
With only one of the four founders of the program left (Warren Foote) the hockey team wasn't able to sustain the success they found in their second season and finished with a 1–5–1 record.
Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1985, a master's degree in 1988, and a doctor's degree in 1991, all from Harbin Institute of Technology.
After graduating from Harbin Institute of Technology, Cao taught at the university, where he was dean of the School of Astronautics in June 2009 and its vice-president in February 2019.
All for You is the first extended play by South Korean boy group, Sechs Kies, released on January 28, 2020, under YG Entertainment.
On September 21, 2018, YG Entertainment announced that Kang Sunghoon would not be participating in Sechs Kies activities due to ongoing scandals, and in their statement, mentioned that the group was recording new music at the time, having to push back the release date as the result of the scandals.
The group later performed without Sunghoon on October 14 of that year, where they confirmed they would soon come back, and were in the midst of picking new songs for the album.
On November 14, it was confirmed that the comeback video was filmed and the group had yet to decide on a release date for the album.
The is the 43rd edition of the Japan Academy Film Prize, an award presented by the Nippon Academy-Sho Association to award excellence in filmmaking.
On the afternoon of February 9, 2005, the body of Geetha Angara, a chemist who had not been seen since the previous morning when she had gone to the water tanks to take samples, was found in a water tank at the Passaic Valley Water Commission treatment facility in Totowa, New Jersey, United States, after the tanks had been drained.
A radio and broken beaker she had been carrying when last seen alive were also found in the water below an access panel that was slightly ajar.
An autopsy found bruises on Angara's neck consistent with choking, as well as on her waist and elbows, suggesting she had been involved in a violent struggle, but not a deadly one.
Investigators classified the case as a homicide, believing the killing had been intentional; they put Angara's death as having occurred the day before.
Since access to the plant was tightly controlled, police believed that the responsible party was someone else in the plant that day.
After interviewing all of Angara's coworkers over the next few months, detectives found some possible motives and narrowed a list of possible suspects down to eight men.
Three were ultimately considered suspects, but after further investigation the case went cold, and they have not been publicly identified and no arrests have been made.
Investigators have also considered the possibility that the death was purely accidental, based on the work of a Scottish pathologist who argues that injuries very similar to those associated with strangulation can occur as victims drown in very cold water such as that Angara was found in—the theory is that the plate over the tank might negligently have been left open following some sample collection for water testing.
Struck by similarities with a 1968 killing of a woman, also in Passaic County, alone while in a high-security industrial complex on a weekend, they looked for leads in that case's file.
In 2007, Angara's family, frustrated by the lack of progress, successfully pushed for the state's Attorney General to review the case, but that effort did not result in any new leads or information either.
Born in Chennai, India, in 1961, Angara earned bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry from Loyola College, Chennai, the first woman in the school's history to do so.
In 1984, she emigrated to the U.S., where she earned additional master's degrees and a doctorate in organic chemistry from New York University.
Angara married another Indian emigré who worked in banking, and the couple shortly had the first of their three children, settling at first in Clifton, New Jersey, a suburb in Passaic County.
After a year at Merck analyzing compounds, in 1992 Angara began working for the Passaic Valley Water Commission (PVWC), a public utility owned by Clifton and the neighboring cities of Passaic and Paterson, which provides of water daily to 800,000 customers in those cities and 14 other communities in that region of North Jersey.
Seven years later, the family moved to Holmdel, to the south in Monmouth County, where they believed the school system was better.
Angara had been considering leaving the PVWC, but changed her mind after she was promoted to senior chemist of the plant and earned a plant operator's license.
In that position, she took the lead in transitioning the Totowa plant from the chlorination it had been using to purify its water to an ozone-based process.
She was proud of her work on that project, but some of her coworkers had resented both her promotion and the switch, her husband later recalled.
Angara did not socialize much with her coworkers, other than a few she worked with closely, preferring to concentrate on her work.
In late January 2005, the discovery of a pinkish substance in the treated water, during a week Angara was out sick, heightened tensions in the PVWC workplace, since Angara was asked to retrain some coworkers as a result.
Angara had also begun the process of applying for another license, which aroused more antipathy among those coworkers who disliked her.
On the morning of February 8, Angara arrived at 7:30 a.m. and worked until a 9:45 a.m. breakfast with her immediate coworkers.
One, a subordinate of hers, told her that the plant's filters and clarity sensors needed to be calibrated, an assertion supported by plant records.
The group left for another building shortly before 10 a.m.; Angara returned to the building where she usually worked at 10:30.
She left a sandwich on her desk, apparently intending to eat it when she returned from a task her coworkers said she had done many times without incident.
The subordinate who had reminded her of the need to calibrate the instruments went into the basement themselves, noticing broken glass on the floor in one area about 15 to 20 minutes later.
Angara's absence would not otherwise be noticed at work until 9:20 p.m. that night, when a worker on the night shift noted that her car was still in the parking lot; another worker noticed that her sandwich still on her desk where she had left it and her coat was still in the closet.
Repeated calls to her cell phone from her family in Holmdel, where she was supposed to give her daughter a ride to an afternoon basketball game, had gone unanswered.
Workers at the plant called the Angaras to say they could not find her at the plant and it did not appear she had ever left.
Workers searching the basement found an area where one of the , aluminum floor panels that opened onto the million-gallon () tanks was slightly ajar, and the 12 screws which normally held it in place were broken or missing.
At 2 a.m. on February 9, PVWC officials shut the plant down so that the tank below that panel could be drained.
Before refilling the tanks and restoring service, the commission issued a boil-water order to customers as a precaution; this was lifted at the end of the following day.
The pathologists found that she was alive when she went into the water and reported the cause of death as drowning.
Other bruises on her waist and elbow suggested a struggle Six days after Angara's death, county prosecutor James Avigliano announced that the case would be investigated as a homicide.
Detectives' case theory was that whoever had killed Angara had likely incapacitated her first (exactly how, if not just through the strangulation, has not been made public since only the killer would know that; some accounts suggest she was struck on the head, but with only bare hands), and then opened the access panel and dumped her in, then hastily replaced the panel.
The tank was unlit and there was no ladder that would have allowed Angara to climb up into the between the water surface and the basement floor; the water itself filled the tank to a uniform depth of leaving no place to stand.
Angara's body had been immersed for over a day, and the heavy chlorination in the water eliminated any trace evidence, such as DNA or fingerprints, that another person might have left on it or her clothing during the final struggle.
Many firefighters and police officers, as well as plant workers, had walked through the putative crime scene before the body was found, leaving it severely compromised.
Loud machinery in the area where Angara was attacked would have muffled any sounds like a scream, struggle, or broken glass.
Access to the treatment plant complex was tightly controlled, with only one driveway and a manned security post where all entrants had to check in, monitored by a camera (although once they had been cleared, they could move about the complex freely).
Two women were known to have widely disliked Angara, but no one thought they were capable of killing her over that.
Her job responsibilities as senior chemist did not include hiring or firing authority, making it unlikely that a workplace dispute could have arisen from those possibilities.
Investigators began to consider the possibility that the killing was not planned and instead had arisen from either an argument or Angara witnessing something the killer did not want anyone to witness; they had also ruled out the discoloration and ozone issues as a motive, and no longer believed the displacement sensor's breakdown was a factor.
From the strength required to lift and replace the access panel, and struggle with the , chemist, police came to believe the killer was male (although the county coroner argued that a woman in sufficient physical condition could have done those things as well).
The Passaic County prosecutor's office assigned 13 detectives to work the case; they spent 4,000 hours interviewing all the plant's employees and getting DNA samples from those who had worked there that day.
Workers did their jobs in pairs as a safety precaution while the police kept a close eye on what happened at the plant.
By that time investigators had narrowed their focus to a group of eight men, finding that many of the employees had a generally favorable impression of Angara.
One year after the crime, detectives had narrowed that group down to three suspects, one of whom was the coworker who had first taken note of Angara's absence after walking down to the basement.
Federal and state environmental regulators reviewed the plant's records, at the request of police, for anything unusual they might have missed.
By the middle of 2006, no new leads had emerged, and the case went cold, one of two out of Passaic County's 30 homicides that year that went unsolved.
At the request of the Angara family, the state Attorney General's office had the state police review the case in 2007, but nothing new developed from that.
After Angara's death, the PVWC contracted for improved security, including armed guards patrolling inside and outside the plant at all hours.
They alleged that the plant had a history of safety violations and accidents, for which the state had cited it 55 times, but the commission had done nothing to correct them.
Ten years after the killing, when the Angara family had lobbied state senator Joe Kyrillos to support their call for another state-level review, police suggested that they might have been mistaken about the three suspects.
Early in the case, investigators noted that an unsolved 1968 killing, also in their jurisdiction, bore some similarities to the Angara case.
On August 31 of that year, the body of 22-year-old Joan Freeman, from what was then known as West Paterson, was found in a hallway at the Hoffmann-La Roche plant complex that straddled the border between Clifton in Passaic County and Nutley in neighboring Essex County.
She had been attacked suddenly from behind, struck several times on the head with a wooden mallet, after which the attacker slit her throat; any one of the wounds inflicted would have been enough to kill her, the coroner said.
Freeman, a secretary at the plant, had also been working alone, doing overtime recording employees' work hours from their time cards, on a Saturday in a second-floor library in one of the 86 buildings on the drug company's campus, when she was killed.
The campus itself was, like the Totowa treatment plant, fenced off with access permitted only to those who had been cleared to enter by security.
The county prosecutor's office, state police, and Clifton police devoted 16 investigators, including two full-time, to interview 300 people who might have been able to be on campus that day, including lie detector tests.
His office's detectives studied the case both to see if anyone who had worked at Hofmann later worked for the PVWC, and to see if they could learn from how the investigators handled the Freeman case.
In May 2006, over a year after Angara's death, it was reported that some of the investigators had begun to consider the possibility that it was in fact an accident.
They had contacted Scottish forensic pathologist Derrick Pounder of the University of Dundee, one of the few in the field expert in drownings, particularly those that occur in cold water.
His research has found that in a small percentage of such cases, the victim experiences bruising on the neck and petechiae on the eyeballs that closely mimics injuries otherwise seen as strong indicators of premortem strangulation.
Pounder never examined Angara's body (and could not have, since it had been cremated shortly after her death in accordance with Hindu funerary traditions), nor any of the records from the autopsy.
By the time of the third anniversary of Angara's death, he had come to believe, in part after considering Pounder's research, that the case was an accident, the result of negligence rather than malice.
When Angara came into the dimly lit area, she did not see it and fell in, after which the person who should have replaced the plate did so in a hurry.
Her mother was exceedingly cautious, she said, and it was unlikely that she would have failed to see a dark, wide hole in the floor.
The family has also questioned why it seemed Angara's coworkers failed to notice her absence for the rest of their day.
Jean Holloway (born Gratia Jean Casey) was an American film, radio, and television writer who worked in Hollywood from the 1940s through the 1970s.
Though she wrote three incredibly popular musicals for the studio, she was frustrated by MGM's unwillingness to let her write dramas, so she moved primarily into writing for television in the 1950s.
Shan Zhongde (; born January 1970) is a Chinese engineer and currently researcher and doctoral supervisor of China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology.
Ramesh started his career in movies by acting in a film Satya directed by Pushkar Jog where he played a role of Dum n duff.
His noted roles include the role of Pintya in the movie Babo, which was a commecial hit Many songs of this movie become viral ans appreciated by audience.
The films in which he worked as Assistant Director include Mission Possible which was directed by Pushkar Jog, KuruKshetra directed by Milind Lele, Mala ek chance hava directed by Bal Mohite among others.
His major plays include Makdach Lagn by theatre group Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir,Abanchi sabha by theatre group of Ramkrushn More and Wari Via Baari by Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir.
IRRI is a flagstop on the Main Line South of the Philippine National Railways (PNR), located at the front gate of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) opposite to Pili drive, in the city of Los Baños, Laguna.
The 2020 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, will be organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level.
Presbyterian will play the 2020 season as an FCS independent before joining the non-scholarship FCS Pioneer Football League in 2021; it will remain a full but non-football Big South member.
Milenić was born in Foča, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Milenić appeared on the SPO's electoral list in the 2000 Serbian parliamentary election; the list did not cross the threshold to win representation in the assembly.
From 2000 to 2011, parliamentary mandates in Serbia were awarded at the discretion of the sponsoring parties, and it was common practice for seats to be awarded out of numerical order; the SPO could have selected Milenić for a seat in parliament, but it did not.
The DS and its allies formed a coalition government after the election, and Stevanović and Milenić served in the assembly as supporters of the ministry.
Both resigned in September 2011, due to a determination that changes in Serbian law had made their executive functions at the municipal level incompatible with serving in the legislature.
After the election, the URS initially participated in a new coalition government led by the Serbian Progressive Party and the Socialist Party of Serbia; in 2013, however, it moved into opposition.
In the same year, the various constituent groups of the URS (including G17 Plus and Together for Šumadija) merged into a single united party.
Milenić was a substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) from 21 January 2013 to 22 May 2014.
He also served two terms as president (i.e., speaker) of the Kragujevac assembly between 2008 and 2014; his second term in office, lasting from 2012 to 2014, ended when the Serbian Progressive Party and its allies formed a new local administration.
Milenić was promoted to the second position on the URS's list in the 2014 Serbian parliamentary election, but the list did not cross the threshold to win representation in the assembly.
Milenić left Together for Šumadija in 2017, saying that it had not existed as a functional political organization for some time.
In August 2019, he argued that the PSG's decision on boycotting the next Serbian parliamentary election should be made openly by the entire party rather than by its leadership alone.
Kamil Chadirji (1897–1968, ), also spelled Kamil al-Chadirji or Kamel al-Chaderji, was an Iraqi politician, photographer, lawyer, activist, and founder of the National Democratic Party in Iraq.
When the British took over Iraq as Mandatory Iraq, Chadirji's family escaped to Istanbul, with Chadirji himself enrolling in the medical school there.
He earned a law degree in 1925 and worked for the Municipality of Baghdad as well as for the Department of Finance, working in education.
He joined the Ahali group, and was elected to parliament in 1927, becoming the minister of works from 1936 to 1937 under Bakr Sidqi and Hikmat Sulayman's government, resigning in protest against army interference in the government.
In 1930, Chadirji, as a member of the National Party (also known as the Ahali group), worked together with Rashid Ali, Hikmat Sulayman and Yasin al-Hashimi, the leaders of the newly-created National Fraternity Party (Hizb al-Ikha al-Watani).
The party was not much of an organized and legitimate political party, instead serving as an opposition from powerful Iraqi political figures to the British.
Previously, Chadirji and his group, made of Ahali reformists, had joined the Comintern in 1935 at the Seventh Comintern Congress in Moscow.
The NDP and other parties (including Jews), especially the Iraqi Independence Party, created the Committee for the Defense of Palestine, which organized protests in front of the American and British embassies, as well as calling for a general strike in May 1946 against Western pressure on Palestine.
Due to Chadirji's will to redistribute income and achieve a more political society, he was imprisoned 2 times in the 1950s.
On January 21, the Regent of Iraq called the leaders of the parties involved in the protests to a meeting at the palace.
Chadirji was skeptical of this proposal, and, as he states in his memoirs, many members of the Iraqi opposition hoped for a collapse of the talks would strengthen Nuri al-Said and the Sharifian elites.
Seeing as the Al-Wathbah uprising of 1948 and the Iraqi Intifada of 1952 had failed, he realized that one party was not enough to bring about sufficient change.
In August 1958, he met British Oriental Counselor Samuel Falle, and told him about the Arab perspective of events in the Middle East.
Chadirji talked about the inclination of Arab countries to the Soviet Union, their suspicion at American troops in Lebanon, and their perceived threat of British forces in Jordan.
The NDP chose to align more with the Communists rather than the pan-Arab parties to the right, even though the NDP was a bourgeois party and the ICP represented the working class.
After the Revolution, they formed an immediate alliance with the Communists, but a stable coalition was not achieved, as the alliance came under constant attacks from Ba'athists and Nasserists.
In 1963, Chadirji, with the NDP now dissolved, sent a memorandum to Iraqi Field Marshal Abdel-Salam Aref, calling for democracy in Iraq.
Alla Georgievna Gryaznova (born November 27, 1937, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian economist, full Ph.D. in Economics, a rector of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (1985–2006).
Gryaznova made a significant contribution to the development of the theoretical foundations of many applied subjects, such as banking, economic analysis, auditing, accounting, and insurance.
Gryaznova initiated and led the process of developing of the concept of education in the field of finance and banking in Russia until 2010.
She headed the Academic council of the Financial Academy and served as chair of dissertation councils for defending candidate and doctoral dissertations in economic sciences.
Gryaznova is a major specialist in the field of economic sciences, the author of more than 300 scientific papers, monographs, textbooks and articles.
She is the Deputy Chairman of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, Vice-President of the Academy of Management and Market, Member of the Association of Banks of Russia, Member of the International Fiscal Association, Member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) inter-governmental forum.
Subsidiary canal off-taking from the main canal were designed by Sir Ganga Ram to irrigate his 50,000 acres of land in Sahiwal district of the Punjab.
Sir Ganga Ram incidentally also built a power station on the main canal near the town of Renala Khurd in 1925.
The canal has been rehabilitated as part of a mega project funded by the Asian Development Fund and implemented by the Lower Bari Doab Canal Improvement Project of the Punjab Irrigation Department in 2014-18.
The 201 km long canal along with 2,264 km of distribution channels irrigates 700,000 hectares of land of Okara, Pakpattan, Sahiwal and Khanewal districts.
The agreement provided for the deposition of 78 executives of the contractor, including the former president Marcelo Odebrecht, and his father, , which generated 83 inquests at the Supreme Federal Court (STF).
The following month, on 11 April, STF Minister Edson Fachin accepted the request of the A-G and withdrew the secrecy of investigations.
Odebrecht and Braskem pleaded guilty and would pay fines of 3.5 billion dollars, the equivalent of 12 billion reals, 80 per cent of which would go to Brazil.
In 2018, the STF took from Lava Jato the so-called End of the World denunciation and then sent most of the Electoral Justice with the following results until 2019: of the 415 politicians from 26 parties mentioned, only one convicted.
Caterina M. Scoglio is an Italian network scientist and computer engineer, the LeRoy and Aileen Paslay Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Kansas State University, the director of the Network Science and Engineering Group in the department, and the former chair of the IEEE Control Systems Society Technical Committee on Medical and Health Care Systems.
After working as a researcher at the Fondazione Ugo Bordoni from 1987 to 2000, and at Georgia Tech from 2000 to 2005, she moved to Kansas State in 2005.
Topics in Scoglio's research include the epidemiology of Ebola and the Zika virus, and applications of network science to the immune systems of mosquitos.
University of Vermont & Tufts University scientists have created this living machine that one day might safely deliver drugs inside the human body—and pave the way for understanding how to form organs for regenerative medicine.
Xenobots can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food and work together in groups, can heal on their own and keep working.
Xenobots could potentially be used to clean radioactive wastes, collect microplastics in the oceans, carry medicine into human bodies or travel to human arteries to remove plaque.
The show features two teams of three, composed of permanent panellists and guest performers, although some series have featured more guests than others.
Jacob Gotfried Haafner (Halle, 13 May 1754 – Amsterdam, 4 September 1809) was a German-Dutch travel writer who lived in and wrote extensively on India and Sri Lanka.
His travelogues were noted for their Romantic undertones, lively descriptions of Indian cultures and peoples, as well as criticisms of European colonialism, slavery, and cultural domination.
The family moved to Emden in northwest Germany where Jacob's father, Matthias, worked as a ship's surgeon for the Emden Company, then to Amsterdam in 1763, when he joined the Dutch East India Company.
Shortly before arriving in Cape Town on a trip to Asia in 1766, however, Matthias Haffner died, leaving 12-year-old Jacob in the care of a foster family in the Cape Colony.
In 1768, Jacob Haafner enlisted as a cabin boy on a ship bound for Batavia (modern Jakarta, then capital of the Dutch East Indies).
In June 1771, Haafner enlisted as a VOC servant and departed for Nagapattinam, the capital of Dutch Coromandel from 1660 to 1781.
Tired of the sailor's life, he settled in the town and worked in the factory as an assistant bookkeeper from 1773 to 1778, learning Tamil and conducting private trade on the side.
From June to September, he embarked on a hiking tour of the island from Jaffnapatnam to Colombo, then left for Calcutta in West Bengal.
At the centre of British colonial administration, he found work as a bookkeeper to the former Governor of Benares, Joseph Fowke.
Having developed a profound interest in Indian culture and studied a variety of Indian languages (Tamil, Urdu, Hindi, Telugu, and Sanskrit), he became acquainted with The Asiatic Society, founded in 1784 by Sir William Jones.
In 1786, he traveled southwards along the Coromandel coast through Tamil Nadu and Orissa, covering more than 600 miles by palanquin.
His travel stories were published between 1806 and 1821, of which three were published posthumously by his eldest son, Christian Mathias.
Count Pavel Ivanovich Kutaisov (Russian:Павел Иванович Кутайсов; 25 November 1780, Saint Petersburg - 9 March 1840, Tambov) — was a Russian Imperial Chamberlain and Steward.
He also served as Chairman of the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts and was a member of the State Council.
By 1796, when he was sixteen, he had already advanced to an important rank, but was not as committed to a military career as other members of his family.
At the request of his father, Admiral Alexander Shishkov took him under his wing for a short tour of Europe, but this apparently did not work out well.
His career was advanced considerably when the Tsar took Anna Lopukhina as a mistress and his father was able to arrange a marriage to Anna's sister, Praskovya (1784-1870).
Upon the accession of Alexander I, he was transferred to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where he served until 1809, when he was named a Prosecutor for the Governing Senate.
During the French Invasion of Russia, he led the evacuation of the Senate to Kazan and was awarded a gold snuff box for his efforts.
He also served on various commissions, including oversight of the construction of Saint Isaac's Cathedral and directing operations for the Imperial theaters.
In addition to his governmental duties, he served as Chairman of the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts and was known as a patron of young artists.
In 1835, he accompanied Mikhail Scotti on a study trip to Italy, and provided a workshop for the brothers Grigory and Nikanor Chernetsov.
Pitt Clubs were private members clubs formed in Great Britain in the 18th and 19th century to memorialise William Pitt the Younger (1759 – 1806).
The London Pitt Club was formed in 1793 by Nathaniel Atcheson with a view to counteract the radical ideas of the French Revolution.
Originally the club met on the birthdays of George III and his Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Following Pitt's resignation in 1801 they also celebrated Pitt's birthday on 28 May.
During longwall mining, wooden pit props were recovered for re-use as the coal face moved forward; this was done by knocking them out with a hammer, which was a hazardous operation.
It became widely used in mining; as well as for removing props, it was used for pulling derailed wagons back onto tracks.
He designed and manufactured other inventions, mostly for use in mining, and he continued to patent his devices into the 1940s.
The Sylvester device was eventually banned by the Coal Board in 1978, as modern techniques made it unnecessary, and it could be dangerous if used improperly.
In 2010, 100 years after the Federation of Stoke-on-Trent, a plaque was unveiled at the Norton Gateway Memorial at Norton le Moors, in recognition of Walter Sylvester.
He represented the Jessore-6 constituency as a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and a Bangladesh Nationalist Party member in the 5th and 6th Jatiya Sangsad respectively.
He was convicted of killing two persons, raping one and torturing two others in Keshabpur Upazila of Jessore District during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
Hossain was a central committee member of Islami Chhatra Sangha, the student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami party and a commander of Pakistan Army's auxiliary Razakar force at Chingra Bazar camp during the 1971 war.
The 22nd Costume Designers Guild Awards, honoring the best costume designs in film, television, and media for 2019, is set to take place on January 28, 2020.
David Clarence Gibboney (1868-1920) was the secretary of the Law and Order Society in Philadelphia in the United States since 1890.
At present, the university has 32 national and provincial key scientific research bases, including 1 National Key Laboratory, 1 National Engineering Research Center, 2 Key Laboratories of the Ministry of education, 1 Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, 1 Promotion Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and 1 Key Laboratory of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
The school traces its origins to the former Beijing Institute of Machinery () and Shaanxi University of Technology (), founded in 1949 and 1960, respectively, and would later become Shaanxi Institute of Machinery () in 1972.
As of May 2015, the library has collected more than 1.88 million volumes of paper documents, about 3.29 million volumes of electronic documents, more than 2,300 kinds of paper-based Chinese and foreign journals, and more than 10,000 kinds of full-text electronic journals.
The tournament was a stroke play team event with 33 teams and was shortened from 72 holes to 54 holes, since the first day of play was cancelled, two hours after it started, due to heavy rain.
The Spain team of José María Cañizares and José Rivero won by eight strokes over the Taiwan team of Chen Tse-chung and Hsieh Min-nan.
Three players also competed as individuals: Roberto De Vicenzo of Argentina, Mohammed Said Mussa of Egypt, and John Jacobs of the United States.
Graduate of the École Polytechnique in 1955, he was director of research at the CNRS in the theoretical physics laboratory of the École Normale Supérieure from 1971 to 2003.
His wife Marie-Anne Bouchiat, a physicist, and their daughter Hélène Bouchiat, also a physicist, are both members of the French Academy of sciences.
Josep María Armengol Carrera (Barcelona, 4 July 1977) is a Spanish literary scholar and researcher in the field of gender and masculinity studies.
BA and PhD in English from the University of Barcelona (2006), having authored the first doctoral thesis in Spain on cultural and literary representations of masculinity.
In 2007 he moved to the Center for the Study of Men and Masculinities at Stony Brook University, USA, where he carried out his postdoctoral research together with Dr. Michael Kimmel.
Subsequently, he moved to the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, working as of 2012 as Associate Professor (accredited as Full Professor in 2018) in gender studies and American literature.
As part of his work on literary representations of African-American masculinities, he argued the centrality of race to James Baldwin's Giovanni’s Room, which had been traditionally studied as a book on homosexuality rather than ethnicity.
Besides being a postdoctoral fellow of the Fulbright-SAAS program in the USA (2016), in 2018 he became the Principal Investigator of the MASCAGE project, focused on representations of masculinity and aging in contemporary European literatures and cinemas, and funded by the Gendernet-Plus Era-Net Co-fund program of the European Union.
His research has been published in international journals such as Signs, Journal of Gender Studies, Men and Masculinities and MELUS, among others.
StreetArtNews showcased the works by several global street and urban artists for one week in June 2016 at the Urban Nation Berlin, in Schöneberg, Berlin, which included artworks by Felipe Pantone, Okuda San Miguel, and Tristan Eaton.
The Reverend Allan Cowburn later known as Allan Cowburn-Masters-Smith (16 January 1820 — 8 October 1875) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.
While studying at Oxford, Cowburn played three first-class cricket matches for Oxford University in 1841, playing twice against the Marylebone Cricket Club and once against Cambidge University in The University Match.
National Geographic Channel Korea is a Korean language documentary television channel in the United States operated by Radio Korea Media Group under the license.
Launched on November 18, 2009, the channel broadcasts documentary and factual films and series supplied from the National Geographic Society for most of time, either dubbed or subtitled in Korean.
The Hass refugee camp bombing was a war crime through an aerial bombardment of a refugee camp in the Syrian opposition-held town of Hass in the Idlib Governorate of Syria.
The refugee camp was located outside the town, eight miles from the nearest front line, and there were no military targets nearby.
The 2019–20 Florida Atlantic Owls men's basketball team represent Florida Atlantic University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Owls, led by 2nd-year head coach Dusty May, play their home games at RoofClaim.com Arena, formerly known as FAU Arena, in Boca Raton, Florida as members of Conference USA.
The Owls finished the 2018–19 season 17–16 overall, 8–10 in C-USA play to finish in a four-way tie for 9th place.
David J. Smyth (26 July 1872 - 4 December 1954) was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1901-02.
Shao Xinyu (; born November 1967) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as Communist Party Secretary of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1986, a master's degree in 1990, and a doctor's degree in 1992, all from Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
He joined the mechanics faculty of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in December 1998 and was promoted to dean in October 2002.
Since the discovery of quasicrystals by Dan Shechtman in 1982, he has contributed to their description, notably by developing theoretical models.
In 1978, Denis Gratias defended his PhD thesis at the Structural Metallurgy Laboratory (CNRS-ENSCP), entitled Cristallography of interfaces in homogeneous crystals and developed with Richard Portier a formalism of fast electron diffraction.
He then completed his post-doctoral training at the University of California at Berkeley (USA) where he was interested in the problems of statistical thermodynamics of generalized mean field (Cluster Variation Method).
Back in France, he took up his position at the Centre d'Études de Chimie Métallurgique (CECM), CNRS laboratory in Vitry-sur-Seine (France), but was soon invited by John-Werner Cahn to the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of California at Santa Barbara (USA) to participate in an interdisciplinary collaboration on theoretical physics and materials science.
It was on this occasion that he was confronted with the unresolved problem of the 5th-order diffraction observed in April 1982 by Dan Shechtman.
Upon his return, a long period of intense collaboration on crystallography began between the CECM at Vitry and the Centre de physique théorique (CPHT) of the École Polytechnique.
In 2000, Denis Gratias and his wife Marianne Quiquandon moved to Châtillon to the Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures (LEM [archive], a joint ONERA-CNRS laboratory), which he directed until 2009.
Since 2014, he has been CNRS Emeritus Research Director assigned to Chimie ParisTech, at the Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), within the structural metallurgy team.
It is a semi-high speed, fully air-conditioned train Introduced by Indian Railways connecting Ahmedabad - Mumbai along with six stations named Nadiad, Vadodara Bharuch, Surat, Vapi, and Borivali.
Since it's inauguration, this train is India's second private train after Lucknow - New Delhi Tejas Express, both operated by IRCTC.
The Ahmedabad – Mumbai Tejas is the first Indian train to have LCD screens for each individual passengers though this facility will be available only in Executive Chair Car.
In the LCD passengers can enjoy Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati movies, listen music as well as Passenger Information System is also available.
The gate was opened in 1939 as one of the temporarily openings for evacuation from Japanese air raid, thus the gate was known as a .
Larry G. Epstein obtained his BSc in Mathematics with honours from the University of Manitoba in 1968, MA in Mathematics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1970 and PhD in Economics from the University of British Columbia in 1977.
He worked as a research economist at the Department of Manpower and Immigration of Canada from 1971 to 1974 before joining the University of Toronto, where he was Assistant Professor from 1977 to 1980 and Professor from 1983 to 1998.
Epstein moved to University of Rochester in 1998 and held the position of Elmer B. Milliman Professor of Economics until 2007.
Epstein has also served on the Executive Council of the Canadian Economic Association from 1987 to 1990 and has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2013.
He received the Canadian Economic Association's John Rae Award for outstanding research in 1994 and was awarded the Econometric Society's Frisch Medal the same year.
The river has its source in the confluence of two small rivers of the Kolyma Highlands at an elevation of and flows roughly westwards in its upper course.
North of Omsukchan town the intermontane basin where the river flows is up to wide and includes extensive wetland areas, as well as dense forests.
Vladyslav Yemets (; born 9 September 1997) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who plays for Kolos Kovalivka on loan from Zorya Luhansk.
He began his career in the amatour level, but in a short time was signed by the Ukrainian Premier League side FC Zorya Luhansk.
Clubs were able to sign players at any time, but many transfers will only officially go through on 1 June because the majority of player contracts finish on 31 May.
On Thursday 15 November 1979, the site was visited by President General Suharto of Indonesia; the President had come to power in a coup in 1965, and the visit was attended by protestors from Reading University Amnesty International group.
The site was east of the A327, south of the M4, around a half-mile east of the former headquarters of Berkshire County Council.
When the Dresden Film Festival was held for the first time before the fall of the Berlin Wall, it was used to present films that were previously banned or rarely shown in the GDR to the public.
Since DEFA's animation studios were located in Dresden, the decision was made to use the concept of a short and animation festival.
The international competition of the festival has existed since 1992 and 1998, followed by the establishment of its own national competition, in which the €20.000 promotional prize of the Saxon State Minister for Science and Art has been awarded since 2004.
With a total of about €66.000 euros in prize money, the Dresden Film Festival is one of the most valuable short film festivals in Europe.
Being a chairman of Karmaveer shankarrao Kale Co-operative sugar factory Ashutosh Kale succeeded to make the factory loss free within 3 years.
In October 2019, he contested and won the seat from the Kopargaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency) during the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election and also became the third generation member of the Kale family to win the election.
The announcement of the World Test XI and World one-day XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 15 January 2020.
The women's awards were announced on 17 December 2019, with Ellyse Perry winning the Rachel Heyhoe-Flint Award as the Women's Cricketer of the Year.
Virat Kohli was selected as the captain of the World Test XI third time in a row, with BJ Watling selected as the wicketkeeper.
Virat Kohli was selected as the captain of the World one-day XI fourth time in a row, with Jos Buttler selected as the wicketkeeper second time in a row.
Ernst Marschall von Bieberstein (2 August 1770 - 22 January 1834) served as of the Duchy of Nassau between 1806 and 1834.
Between 1806 he was one of two chief ministers of Nassau, but after the resignation of Hans Christoph Ernst von Gagern (apparently as an unintended consequence of a new imperial decree), Marschall von Bieberstein became in effect the sole leading politician in Nassau in 1809.
Ernst (Franz Ludwig) Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein was born into a protestant family at Wallerstein (approximately 80 kilometers / 50 miles north of Augsburg), a younger son of (1726–96), an army officer and from Württemberg.
The aristocratic family could trace their rise to eminence back at least to the thirteenth century, and the medieval Margravate of Meissen.
The Karlsschule was an elite establishment: the younger two Marschall von Bieberstein brothers got to know Georges Cuvier (1769 – 1832) who later came to prominence as a notable naturalist-palaeontologist, and who became a lifelong family friend.
However, he was already destined, in the longer term, for a career in and after a year of military service he made the switch, taking a post as Court and Government Assessor.
Given the overwhelming superiority in terms of resources and numbers of the French forces, Marschall von Bieberstein was pragmatic, counselling a conciliatory approach.
As early as 1793, echoing the views of the men who later came to be known as the Prussian reformers in Berlin, Marschall von Bieberstein had shared his opinion that the best protection against the revolutionary tide lay in adopting a constitution, though it would be another twenty years before he would have the opportunity to on this.
In 1797, in defiance of the wishes of , that Ernst Marschall von Bieberstein undertook a diplomatic mission to Paris as part of a mediatisation policy, apparently of his own.
Karl-Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau-Usingen died in May 1803 and 's request that he be permitted to retire was accepted by the new prince.
One of the most pressing tasks to be addressed involved the difficult negotiations over compensation for the duchy's lost territories on the left Bank of the Rhine.
The amalgamation of Nassau-Usingen with Nassau-Weilburg in 1806 represented an effective triumph for Marschall von Bieberstein, and incorporation of the territory into the French sponsored Confederation of the Rhine created a buffer state which suited French strategic objectives.
After The creation of the enlarged Duchy of Nassau in 1806, Marschall von Bieberstein and Hans Christoph Ernst von Gagern headed up the government jointly.
However, Nassau's sovereignty was not unconstrained, and a new edict imperial in 1809 debarred those who had been born on the Left Bank of the Rhine from government service in any state other than France.
Marschall von Bieberstein was still a relatively young man when he took over the government, and his early years in office are marked by a comprehensive strategy of financial, social and economic reform, all designed to create a modern and more unified state.
Some years later, in 1817, based on the detailed work of the lawyer-educationalist Carl Ibell, and with the enthusiastic (and very necessary) backing of Marschall von Bieberstein, education provision was removed from church control and was introduced.
Up to that point, there can be little doubt as to his commitment to the economicliberalism advocated by eighteenth century enlightenment thinkers.
Viewed in retrospect it becomes hard to understand just what a radical step (or, for constitutional conservatives, threat) this de facto guarantee of would have represented, both in 1814 and subsequently.
Back in 1806, when Marschall von Stein had been running Nassau's foreign policy, his conciliatory approach towards France had generated tension and, at times, acrimony between himself and Baron vom Stein, at that time a senior Prussian government minister.
After the Prussians suffered a crushing military defeat in 1806 at the hands of Napoleon, however, French pressure led eventually to vom Stein's exile from Prussia in 1808.
As the fortunes of war turned after 1812 vom Stein was able to move around a little more freely, and by the time the was implemented in 1814 relations between vom Stein and Marschall von Bieberstein were much improved, and the two men seem to have worked closely together on the constitution project.
Improved relations between the two men proved particularly important at the Congress of Vienna which between November 1814 and June 1815 set the template for Europe after Napoleon.
Although vom Stein's ambitions for Europe were, for the most part, ignored or turned down by the leading protagonists at the Congress of Vienna, Stein's support for the Duchy of Nassau was important to Marschall von Bieberstein, who attended the congress of behalf of his prince.
Marschall von Bieberstein was able to secure rejection by the congress of the initial wishes of the Prussian delegation that Nassau should simply be annexed to Prussia.
By the trauma of war and demonisation of Napoleon had done much to discredit political modernisation among a new generation of political leaders and across Europe more widely.
The mood at the Congress of Vienna was best exemplified by the cautious conservatism of the Prince Metternich and the Viscount Castlereagh.
Among these government heads, Marschall von Bieberstein was exceptional in having already been at the head of a government for almost as long as Frederick William III had been a king and Alexander I had been a tsar.
By backing the so-called , Marschall von Bieberstein aligned himself with a powerful Austrian Foreign Minister (who after 1821 combined his ministerial responsibilities with the office of ).
The abrupt change of political focus also reflected a widespread opposition to further reform across Nassau and indeed across the German Confederation more generally.
On 23 March 1819 the well-known writer August von Kotzebue was murdered in Mannheim by a liberal-radical theology student called Karl Ludwig Sand.
On 1 July 1819 a serious (though ultimately unsucessful) attempt was made to assassinate Carl Ibell, who by this time had become a senior member of Marschall von Bieberstein's government in Nassau.
Marschall von Bieberstein had, he assured the prince, already attempted to persuade the Grand Duke of Hesse to take the necessary steps, by exerting pressure through the Prussians, but these attempts had been fruitless.
The risks of revolutionaries gaining influence were compounded in the region by the absence of any hardline position on the part of the city authorities in nearby Frankfurt am Main.
Despite the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Austrian Empire remained, in most people's eyes, the most important member of the German Confederation: its continuing leadership role was taken for granted both by Prince Metternich and by Marschall von Bieberstein.
Metternich replied promptly, on 31 July 1819, thanking Marschall von Bieberstein for his letter which had, yet again, confirmed him in his own opinion that the member governments of the German confederation needed to work much more closely together.
A was held on 1 August 1819, the day following the date on Metternich's letter to Marschall von Bieberstein, at the health resort of Teplitz in northern Bohemia: the meeting was arranged by Prince Metternich, representing Austria, in order to agree his position with King Frederick William III of Prussia and the Prussian chancellor, von Hardenberg.
On 2 August 1819 the eruption of a two month period of communal and antisemitic rioting intensified the perceived need for action against the dangers of a rerun of the French revolution centred, this time, on German-speaking central Europe.
Ernst Marschall von Bieberstein, whose correspondence has been preserved, now emerged as an uncompromising backer of the approach envisaged in the Karlsbad decrees, both diplomatically and in his conservative domestic authoritarianism during the ensuing fifteen years.
It is, indeed, striking that the revolutionary tide of 1830/31 was far less disruptive of government and of daily life in Nassau than in many of the larger states of the German confederation including, notably, neighboring Hesse where revolutionaries forced the adoption of a newly in 1831.
The savage treatment meted out to the aging opposition leader in 1832 indicate that it was not just the pre-emptive impact of Marschall von Bieberstein's reform agenda fifteen years earlier, but also his willingness in the 1830s to adopt a hands-on which Prince Metternich himself would .
The central mission to preserve the duchy's sovreignty underpinned many of Marschall von Bieberstein's policies after 1819, including his backing of Metternch's determination to suppress .
It was also a reflection of his determination to preserve the duchy's independence to the maximum extent possible that he stubbornly resisted the development of a pan-German customs union, which came into existence in January 1834 but which, following Marschall von Bieberstein's death, Nassau joined only on 10 December 1835.
It was (at leasty in part) in order to undermine the development of a pan-German customs union that he travelled to Paris where on 19 September 1833 he agreed a trade deal with France which favoured the export from France of wines and silk products, and the export from Nassau of mineral water.
Ernst Marschall von Biebertein died in office at the start of 1834, half a year short of what would have been his sixty-fourth birthday.
Commentators nevertheless contend that the authoritarian régime that he established after 1819 comfortably outlived him, coming to an end only in 1848.1848/49.
In traditional scholars have focused on Marschall von Bieberstein's rejection of a customs union and on the reactionary domestic policies that he implemented after 1819.
His reforms during the Napoleonic period and his contribution during that period to the to modernisation of Nassau were often overlooked, probably because the duchy was annexed by Prussia in , so existed only for sixty years in total.
She was a daughter of a senior diplomatic official (), (1731–1800) of (location of the von Veltheim's family home, at which the marriage ceremony took place).
Nawaf Al-Aqidi (, born 10 May, 2000) in Saudi Arabia is a Saudi professional footballer who currently plays for Al-Nassr as a Goalkeeper.
on 30 June 2019, He was chosen in the Saudi program to develop football talents established by General Sports Authority in Saudi Arabia .
.He returned from the program external due to family circumstances and was attached to the first team at Al-Nassr on 31 December 2019 .
He developed a subdivision of Bel Air in the 1920s, and he designed the Fifth Church of Christ, Scientist and Garden Court Apartments in Los Angeles, California.
The PNR 8000 class, otherwise known as the KRD-PNR DMUs, is a class of diesel multiple units (DMUs) operated by the Philippine National Railways since 2019.
The INKA DMUs were inaugurated at Dela Rosa station on December 16, 2019 together with PNR and Department of Transportation officials.
From December 16 to January 14, 2020, PNR offered free rides on these trainsets between Tutuban and FTI and vice-versa, but with 20-passenger limit per station only.
He is the Chief Scientific Officer at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour and holds a Professorship in Neuroscience at University College London.
Otis' research has been focused on cellular and circuit function of the cerebellum and hippocampus, as well as preclinical models of spinocerebellar ataxia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Otis’ doctoral work was completed in the laboratory of Istvan Mody at Stanford University and focused on fundamental aspects of inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Using newly developed methods for patch clamping in brain slice preparations, Otis characterized the function of GABA-gated ion channels (GABAA receptors) and GABA activated G protein coupled receptors (GABAB receptors).
In 1998, Otis joined University of California, Los Angeles as an Assistant Professor, becoming Associate Professor in 2003 and Full Professor in 2007.
He served as the Vice Chair of Department of Neurobiology at UCLA Medical Center from 2008 to 2013, and then as the Chair of the Neurobiology Department from 2013 to 2015.
Otis took the position of Vice Director and Section Head of F. Hoffman-La Roche in 2015 while on leave of absence from UCLA.
In 2017, Otis left Roche and moved to the United Kingdom, where he joined University College of London as a Professor of Neuroscience and the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour as Chief Scientific Officer.
In postdoctoral work with Laurence Trussell at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Otis studied excitatory synaptic transmission, measuring glutamate receptor activation at a giant synapse in the chick auditory brainstem and constructing models of neurotransmitter diffusion and receptor gating that explain how glutamate interacts with postsynaptic receptors.
In postdoctoral work with Craig Jahr and Mike Kavanaugh, he used electrophysiological approaches and fast solution exchange to detail the biophysical function of glutamate transporters (the proteins responsible for removing glutamate from excitatory synapses).
In his own laboratory at UCLA, Otis extended this work to describe how glutamate transporters shape excitatory signals to different pools of glutamate receptors.
He hypothesized that a feedback loop between G protein coupled glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters might regulate ‘spill over’ of glutamate from synapses, thereby ensuring that excitatory synapses remain independent.
In collaboration with the laboratory of Richard Olsen, he presented evidence that ethanol enhances these subtypes of GABAA receptors and that this likely contributes to the intoxicating and sedative effects of alcohol.
Using optogenetics to manipulate cerebellar circuits, Otis showed that robust but artificial associative memories can be imparted such that otherwise innocuous sensory stimuli can then generate aberrant movements.
These findings validate circuit-based models of cerebellar learning and suggest that learning may involve modifications at multiple sites in the cerebellar circuit.
In collaboration with the lab of Stefan Pulst, Otis’ team has characterized and studied mouse genetic models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2.
Working with scientists at IONIS, the teams developed an antisense oligonucleotide targeting the SCA2 gene and showed that this molecule improves motor function in mice.
Due to the involvement of SCA2 in stress granules in degenerating neurons, the same antisense oligonucleotide against SCA2 has potential to treat other misfolded protein disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
He taught at the Jesuit college in Namur and St Joseph College, Aalst, before becoming prefect of studies at St Michael College, Brussels.
It is near to Kukatpally municipal Office, Kukatpallu Bus Depot, Patidar Bhavan, Petrol Bunk, ICICI Bank ATM, Andhra Bank, TSRTC Bus Stop and Vasundhara Hospital.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
The Port Augusta Renewable Energy Park is proposed to be a large wind farm and solar farm south of Port Augusta in South Australia, Australia.
The solar farm is planned to be at the northern end of the site, west of the Augusta Highway and immediately south of Sundrop Farms.
The wind turbines will be on both sides of the Augusta Highway, extending south as far as the road to Horrocks Pass.
The project has been developed by DP Energy, but prior to construction, Spanish company Iberdrola committed to investing and will eventually own stage 1 after DP Energy manages its construction.
Stage 2 remains owned by DP Energy and is proposed to include more solar photovoltaic generation and a grid connected battery.
The developer claims that the combination of wind, solar, battery and synchronous condensers combine to create a renewable energy power station.
The wind turbines were originally approved to have a maximum height (to the tip of the blades) of but in June 2019, this approval was increased to .
The revised plan raises the hub height to , nominal generating capacity of each turbine to 4.5MW, and reduces the number of turbines from 59 to 50.
Citizens in a State (Arabic: مواطنون ومواطنات في دولة, Mouwatinoun wa mouwatinat fi dawla or MMFD for short) is a Lebanese political party.
The book is the first political and economic analysis of Lebanon's crisis and suggests a progressive system that focuses on improving the living conditions of the country's citizens.
According to Nahas, the laws issued after 1994 were flawed and tailored to the benefit of the ruling class and its supporters, leading to the current state of the country.
In 2014, Nahas argued that the political system in its entirety must be changed and that the Taif Agreement did not constitute genuine real reform.
Citizens in a State believes it is responsible for the entirety of Lebanese society and for constructing a societal order that will extend beyond Lebanon to contribute to saving other societies within the region.
The party believes that sects cannot form a state and that the current political regime is incapable of overcoming economic and social hardships such as the 2019 financial crisis.
After the start of the protests on October 17 and after the economic crisis surfaced, the movement positioned itself as the only alternative that can manage the transitional phase.
That can only be reached, according to the movement, through identifying the regime’s contradictions, anticipating these contradictions, and building the necessary knowledge and power to handle them.
Born in Salzburg (Austria-Hungary), Schenk studied at the Salzburg Mozarteum and then at the University of Munich, where he also received his doctorate in 1925.
After the retirement of Robert Lach in 1940, Schenk followed him as full professor at the Institute of Musicology at the University of Vienna.
He was able to hold on even after the end of the National Socialist regime and was accepted into the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1946.
In 1950 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and in 1957 he was finally appointed Rector of the University of Vienna.
Schenk received numerous honours for his services to musicological research, including the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria in 1952.
In 1966 he received the , in 1970 the Austrian Decoration of Honour for Science and Art, until he retired in 1971.
This was decreed in her will by the musicologist's widow and replaces the interpretation prize previously awarded by the City of Vienna.
It is undisputed that Schenk had a pronounced anti-Semitic attitude from the beginning of the 1930s and did not correct this until his death.
A particularly inglorious chapter in Schenk's biography is his role in the expropriation of musicologist Guido Adler's private library after his death in 1941, which is presented here in detail because it is stereotypical for the behavior of National Socialist musicologists during National Socialism.
Schenk informed the Reich Ministry of Science, Education and National Education in Berlin in a report dated 31 March 1941 about his unauthorized seizure of the library.
The method aims at maximising the likelihood of obtaining relevant information and minimise the risks of contaminating evidence obtained in police questioning.
The method has been described as a tool for mitigating the use of torture, coercion and psychological manipulation, and for averting forced confessions and errors of justice leading to wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice.
The term investigative interviewing was introduced in the UK in the early 1990s to represent a shift in police interviewing away from a confession oriented approach and towards evidence gathering.
Traditionally, the main aim of an interrogation was to obtain a confession from a suspect in order to secure a conviction.
The method aims at mitigating the effects of inherent human fallacies and cognitive biases such as suggestibility, confirmation bias, priming and false memories.
In order to conduct a successful interview the interviewer needs to be able to (1) create good rapport with the interviewee, (2) describe the purpose of the interview, (3) ask open-ended questions, and (4) be willing to explore alternative hypotheses.
In the interim report dated 5 August 2016 to the UN General Assembly of the special rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan E. Méndez, the investigative interviewing method is presented at length as an example of best practice.
The PEACE model (Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account, Closure and Evaluate) for police interviewing was developed in the United Kingdom in response to a number of documented forced confessions and associated wrongful convictions in the 1980’s and 90’s.
Most notable were the cases associated with the conflict (the Troubles) in Northern Ireland, and terrorism, such as the Birmingham Six and Guildford Four-cases.
The acronym used for the training programme for the Norwegian police is KREATIV, and is composed of phrases reflecting the values and principles the method is based upon.
Professor Ray Bull and DCI David Murthwaite (Merseyside Police) were brought from the UK to Norway to help train the trainers and initiate the programme.
A module on how and when evidence should be disclosed during interviews with suspects was included, distinguishing it from the PEACE method.
The New Zealand Police published a practical tool and a compilation of literature on investigative interviewing in 2005 and underwent reforms to investigative interviewing both in policy and practice from 2007.
The Wellington Naturist Club is a naturist resort located in Te Mārua, Upper Hutt, northeast of Wellington in the North Island of New Zealand.
Its of land hold facilities including a miniature golf course, volleyball court, picnic areas, spa and sauna, and extensive rhododendron gardens, with a large hall for a clubhouse.
The Wellington Naturist Club opens its gates to the public on one weekend each summer, and periodically hosts the New Zealand Naturist Federation (NZNF)'s annual national rally.
The Club regularly celebrates World Naked Gardening Day in May, but has also helped launch a National Nude Gardening Day in October, as May is a cold month in New Zealand.
In November 2016, following lobbying by the NZNF in conjunction with Tourism New Zealand, the Club was the venue for the World Congress of the International Naturist Federation (INF), marking the second time the Congress had ever been held in the Southern Hemisphere.
This Congress was marked by political unrest, as sitting INF president Sieglinde Ivo was voted out in favour of French delegate Armand Jamier by a narrow majority led by British Naturism delegates.
Julius Ochim Okputu is a Nigerian Public Servant and politician who served as Commissioner for Environment and Works in the Cross River State Government born on 14 April 1966 in Yala Local Government Area of , Cross River State.
He was a Chairman of the Cross River State Civil Service Commission and Director General of the Directorate of Projects Monitoring and Evaluation, Governor's Office,Calabar, Cross River State.
She has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, as the Bishop for the Oodthenong Episcopate (which serves the northern and western areas of Melbourne as well as the city of Geelong), since October 2018.
Prowd is the sister of Bishop Lindsay Urwin, and are believed to be the only brother-sister bishops in the entire Anglican Communion.
She served in parish ministry within the Diocese of Melbourne, at Mount Waverley, Black Rock, Hampton and Gardenvale, and school chaplaincy at Christ Church Grammar School and Brighton Grammar School.
Prowd also lived in New Zealand for some time where she worked as a clinical psychologist in student health at Otago University before returning to Australia in 2004.
In 2018, Prowd was conscecrated and appointed as Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Melbourne, replacing Philip Huggins who had reached the retirement age.
The barrel cover (hand guard) is a rail integration system (RIS) with several open cavities, making the heat dissipation process on the barrel faster when in full automatic firing mode.
The six-part series follows the nationally ranked 40-member Navarro College Bulldogs Cheer Team from Corsicana, Texas, under the direction of coach Monica Aldama, as they prepare to compete in the National Cheerleading Championship held annually in Daytona, Florida.
Interspersed in the episodes is history of cheerleading, including the formation of the National Cheerleaders Association (NCA), as well as exploring the history and motivations of five individual Cheer Team members.
One of their closest competitive rivals which is also featured, like Navarro, is a junior college, Trinity Valley Community College in Athens, Texas, and is in close proximity being roughly forty miles away.
Another aspect of the billion-dollar competitive cheerleading industry shown in the final episode is the outsized influence of Varsity Brands—just acquired by Bain Capital—that seems to control most aspects of the sport, and monetizes them, including the broadcast of the Daytona finals.
Cheerleading developed from more boosterism into a sport gradually; as one team would develop pyramids, baskets, throws, and tumbles—combining skills from cheerleading, circus arts (like balancing), and dancing—other teams would emulate and build on those tricks.
Unlike most college sports, cheerleading has no professional league after college, so the National Cheerleading Championship held annually in Daytona Beach, Florida is the last competition the team members will be a part.
The conceit was a new booster Mat Talk for Regular People program whereby the Navarro Cheer Team members would praise everyday people for mundane activities, and featured La'Darius Marshall, Harris, and Gabi Butler cheering people on, with coach Monica Aldama available for a Booster Shot.
Croatian Glagolitic Script Day was announced by the Croatian Parliament at the initiative of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics.
Slovakia and the Czech Republic commemorate their literary enlightenment on July 5, while Montenegro, in search of its identity, celebrates the day of the baptized glory of Cyril the Philosopher on February 14/27 (new style).
From the Slavic countries, and Slavistics in particular, only Poland with its historical traditions, writing and culture is irrelevant to the work of Cyril and Methodius.
The Gentleman from Arizona is a 1939 American Western film directed by Earl Haley and written by Earl Haley and Jack O'Donnell.
Sally Lucas Jean was born June 18, 1878 as the youngest child of three to George and Emilie Watkins (née Selby) Jean in Towson, Maryland.
The events interested her in a nursing career and she went on to graduate from Maryland Homoepathic Training School for Nurses in 1898.
In 1914 she became the director of Maryland's Social Health Service before going in 1917 to New York to organise a People's Institute Department of Health Service.
As a result of her work during the First world war, when she served on New York Academy of Medicine's Committee on Wartime Problems of Childhood and seeing the impact it had on the population, she was director of the establishment of the Child Health Organization which went on to be the American Child Health Association when it merged with the American Child Hygiene Association in 1923.
She worked as a consultant internationally from 1924 to the 1950s, developing health education programs in China, Japan, Philippines, Virgin Islands and Panama Canal Zone as well as working with companies and for University of Denver summer school in 1942, the Colorado River War Relocation Authority from 1942 to 1943 and the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1944.
Of the four lanes running in the eastern direction, the outer two become turning lanes to Candidplatz, in the opposite direction there is an access lane from Candidplatz.
At Candidplatz, Candidstraße is connected to the Pilgersheimer Straße - Schönstraße axis, which runs roughly parallel to the Isar in a north-south direction.
At ground level, a six-lane road runs in serpentines upwards along the slope and there serves as a connection to the Tegernseer Landstraße, which runs north along the edge of the slope, and the Grünwalder Straße, which runs south.
From there, the road runs in four lanes in the Candidtunnel to the eastern part of the Tegernseer Landstraße, which here is led in a ditch.
Candidstraße, Candidtunnel and Candidplatz are named after Peter Candid, a Flemish painter and graphic artist who lived and worked in Munich from 1586 to 1628.
In 1998, whilst living in Bellingham, Washington and studying documentary film production at Western Washington University, Petersen started the band Your Heart Breaks.
Petersen has directed music videos (some of which were animated) for artists including the Thermals, Laura Veirs, Deerhoof, and Thao & the Get Down Stay Down.
The soundtrack for which was recorded by Chris Walla and features members of Your Heart Breaks as well as several other collaborators.
After studying at the Sokolska Gymnasium in Brno, he joined the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Technical University of Prague, from which he graduated in 1954 as an engineer from the Prague Polytechnic.
After a year (1957-1958) spent at the Meudon observatory as a researcher in radio astronomy, Erich Spitz joined the Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil (CSF), which merged in 1968 with the French company Thomson-Houston (CFTH), a subsidiary of Thomson-Brandt to create the Thomson-CSF group, which in 2000 was renamed Thales.
From 1958 to 1968, Erich Spitz was a researcher in the Applied Physics Department of the new Corbeville Research Centre that the CSF had just created in 1957 near the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in Saclay, notably under the impetus of Jean Robieux.
In addition, from 2001 to 2009, Erich Spitz was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Thales Avionics LCD SA, a subsidiary of Thales Avionics S.A.
Erich Spitz is an Officier of the Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur and an Officier of the Ordre National du Mérite.
He served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, as the Bishop for the Eastern Region, from 2001 to 2009, during which time Hale had oversight of over 70 churches in the east of Melbourne.
He studied at Sydney University then taught at Leeton, New South Wales in the Anglican Diocese of Riverina, for four years.
When he returned to Sydney, Hale studied at Moore Theological College and his first position was at St Paul's Anglican Church, Castle Hill.
In 1988, Hale was invited to Melbourne by Archbishop David Penman to head up a new youth department where he served for eight years.
He later became Vicar at Diamond Creek then Archdeacon of Box Hill, before becoming Bishop of the Eastern Region in the Diocese of Melbourne in 2001.
In 2009 Hale was appointed as Vicar of what is now the St Hilary's Anglican Network, the combined parish of St Hilary’s Anglican Church, Kew and St Silas Anglican Church, Balwyn.
He graduated from the Italian Naval Academy in 1981 after which he went to the United States to complete Jet and Helicopter training.
He was ordained at Burghead on the Moray coast in 1932 and in 1950 moved to the famous Buccleuch Greyfriars Church in Edinburgh's South Side.
In 1953 he was given the Chair of both Greek and the New Testament at the Free Church College in Edinburgh.
His son Kenneth W R Cameron served as Moderator in 1989, creating three consecutive generations of the Cameron family as Moderator.
It is located northwest of Bloomingdale and just west of Unionport at the intersection of Carman Road and Township Road 201, at .
The Pal family (; also spelt Pala) are a Bengali aristocratic family who had formerly held lands in what is now Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Among the most ancient clans in their region, the Pals traced their descent from a branch of the imperial Pala dynasty of Bengal.
Their line became established in Sylhet when one Kalidas Pal acquired land in Panchakhanda (in what is now Beanibazar sub-district), with his estate becoming hereditary among his descendants.
However, during the reign of Ramjivan Pal, they lost this independence, coming under the suzerainty of the Muslim rulers of Bengal.
The influence of the Pals continued into the British era, with Munshi Hari Krishna Pal serving as Dewan to the District Collector of Sylhet.
It has 2 picatinny rail at 12 and 6 o'clock position, but additional 2 can be added at 9 and 3 o'clock because of the rail integration system (RIS) on the hand guard.
Like the D5, the barrel cover (hand guard) is made with several open cavities, making the heat dissipation process on the barrel faster.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 1,666 out of 896 are males and 770 are females.
The 2020 Women's National League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Só Hotels Women's National League, is the 10th season of the Women's National League, the highest women's association football league in the Republic of Ireland.
Kilkenny United were excluded for a variety of reasons, including that they had not bonded with the local league, they had changed venues for home games, did not train in Kilkenny, lacked a qualified manager, and their poor league results (just 7 points in the last three seasons combined [60 matches]).
Route 94 begins in Admirals Beach at the Harbour and heads northeast through town before leaving and passing along the coastline of St. Mary's Bay for several kilometers.
The highway now enters St. Joseph's as begins following the Salmonier Arm of St. Mary's Bay and passes through town for a few kilometers before coming to an end at a Y-Intersection with Route 90 (Salmonier Line).
These most recent deposits overlie the Neogene Molasse basin of the Alpine Foreland, which in contrast comprises of fine-grained fluviatile and lacustrine facies.
The three corners corresponded with the town of Weyarn, between Miesbach and Holzkirchen in the southeast, Moosburg an der Isar in the northeast and Maisach in the west.
As a consequence the city, in contrast to the surrounding counties in the north, south and west, has almost no topographic features.
However, the waters of the Isar river have cut into the Quaternary ground in several stages and caused the typical terrace levels within the city.
The plain drops to the northeast from initially around above sea level to approximately , a decisive factor for the formation of the large Dachauer Moors, the Freisinger Moor and the Erdinger Moor.
The massive Central Alpine pleistocene glaciers, that almost reached to the area of modern Munich, discharged not only water but also large amounts of soil and rock into the Alpine Foreland.
When the glaciers melted during interglacial warm periods, huge quantities of gravel, debris and water were released and flushed to the north, where they were mainly deposited on the Munich gravel plain.
The lowest strata contains solidified deposits from the Mindel glaciation, above it lies gravel from the Riss glaciation, which in turn is covered by the youngest layer, the rock scree from the Würm glaciation.
The basin's sediment material of conglomerates, shales and debris have accumulated by erosion and denudation and formed in a sequence during the development of the Alps between around 50 to 3 million years ago.
During the pleistocene the ancient Mangfall river flowed through the eastern section of what is now the Munich gravel plain before it was deflected to the east towards the Inn river by a Würm glaciation moraine.
Further natural waters are the Hachinger Bach and the Gröbenbach and its tributaries, which all, due to exudation of groundwater, rise on the Munich gravel plain.
The top groundwater layer at the Haar-Eglfing measuring point is more than below ground, in Kirchheim it is around and on the northern edge of the Munich gravel plain it is less than .
The Erdinger Moos, which begins north of the municipalities of Aschheim, Kirchheim and Pliening, was once a bog where groundwater surfaced.
To prevent future flooding, a drainage ditch was built in the early 1920s, which caused the groundwater table to drop significantly, which in turn required deeper wells to be dug in these communities.
The Thickness of the gravel layer in the south of the Munich gravel plain made it hard to get to the groundwater for the first settlers during the early Middle Ages.
People settled around the local wells and the settlements were named after the owners of these precious water sources, such as Putzbrunn (once Puzzoprunnin after a Puzzo) or Grasbrunn (Gramasprunnin after a Gramas or Graman).
Most of the defunct sand and gravel pits have undergone years of extensive recultivation and have since become popular recreation sites for the inhabitants of metropolitan Munich.
Chandakhali union is bounded on the north by Amadi union, Koyra river on the south, Maheshwarpur union on the east and Kaptakhms river on the west.
They started talking about the song's vibe and recorded a chorus for it, but they didn't met each other for some time afterwards due to their busy schedules.
The locality is predominantly between the Goyder Highway and the Murray River, with several small areas on the other side of the highway.
Rev David Miller MA is a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland: in 2014.
He was born in Korea to Scottish parents and spent most of his youth in Tasmania, studying Economics at the University of Tasmania, graduating in 1981.
In 1982 he moved to Edinburgh in Scotland where he befriended his minister, Rev Donald Lamont of St Columba's Free Church, also working in the Church of Scotland bookshop on George Street.
In 2002 he returned to Britain, taking up the first ever post as Free Church minister of Cobham near London in 2003.
He made his television debut as a player in the 1984 World Doubles Championship, partnering Roger Bales in a 4-5 loss to Terry Griffiths and John Parrott in a match that finished at 12:30 am.
Later that year he joined the board of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), taking the place of Rex Williams.
He entered the 2010 World Snooker Championship under an arrangement where members of the WPBSA who were not on the main World Snooker Tour could participate if they paid a fee of £200.
The Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election of 1900 was a parliamentary by-election held in Scotland in May 1900 for the House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities.
The by-election was held to fill the vacancy caused by the death on 11 April 1900 of 70-year-old Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Sir William Overend Priestley.
The Conservatives did not expect a contest in the by-election, and speculation that the novelist J. M. Barrie would stand as a Liberal Party candidate ended on 30 April when Barrie sent a telegram declining nomination.
The nomination process was held in the Senate Hall of the University of Edinburgh on 3 May 1900, where the Principal Sir William Muir presided over a gathering of only about 20 people.
Tuke was nominated by Professor Thomas Annandale of Edinburgh, and seconded by Professor Scott Lang of the University of St Andrews.
He is a graduate of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka in Anambra State where he studied electro-Mechanics and was later posted to Ise Orun Council, Ekiti State for his one year national service.
In 2007/2008, Juju a dancehall artiste living in Amsterdam made Toks his manager after he had helped him secure a collaboration with 2baba, plan his album launch and debut into the Nigerian Music industry.
The following year Toks became the manager to General Pype and realized he could actually do talent management as a career, and so his career as a talent manager kicked-off.
In June 2014, Umezulike got a contract from former Etisalat, now known as 9Mobile to be the talent manager for their Cloud Nine musical event series held in Port Harcourt and Abuja, Nigeria.
In 2017 He was the resident judge for the first edition of THE GROUNDED TALENT SEARCH which was won by BShine an indigenous hiphop artist based in Enugu State, Nigeria.
He has worked with some public figures like Kenny Keke Ogungbe, Dayo D1 Adeneye, Obi Asika and Ayo Rotimi who also mentored him on his career.
The barrel cover adopted the Rail Interface System (RIS), the picatinny rail extends from the base of the receiver to the end of the barrel.
For the gun barrel it is offered two options that can be replaced, the heavy barrel (26 inches) and the tactical barrel (18.5 inches).
Komodo D7CH has two choices of magazines, precisely there is a magazine containing 5 ammunitions and a magazine with 10 ammunitions.
Al-Hilal won the competition for the fifth time, beating the defending champions Al-Ahli 4–0 in the final at the Youth Welfare Stadium in Riyadh.
Lady Poole first practiced as a solicitor in London before returning to Scotland, where she made her name as an expert in administrative law.
She was appointed as a Standing Junior to the Scottish Government in 2002, was made Second Standing Junior in 2009, and First Standing Junior Counsel in 2010, making her the Government's first choice for counsel in matters of constitutional or administrative importance.
Her sterling reputation led to her appointment in 2014 as a part-time First tier Tribunal Judge in the Social Entitlement Chamber and she was elevated to a salaried judge of the Upper Tribunal in 2018.
In addition to her legal career, Lady Poole worked at the Universities of Dundee and Edinburgh as a research assistant and a tutor respectively, and serves as Chancellor for the Diocese of Edinburgh.
She is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, after completing a course in arbitration at the University of Aberdeen.
Nathaniel Atcheson (1772-1825) was an English ship-owner who was appointed secretary to a Committee of London shipowners and the Society of Ship-Owners of Great Britain with whom the London Committee was associated.
The Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages almost throughout their written history (except for the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries) used the same writing.
It is believed that when choosing the type of letters Stefan of Perm was guided by both the Greek and Cyril alphabet, and the traditional Komi tribal characters — .
To this day, several icons with inscriptions on the barn have survived (for example, the ), as well as a number of handwritten lines in books.
Starting from the XVIII century, separate publications of Komi texts appear both in the Latin alphabet and in the Cyrillic alphabet.
It used the alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, З з, И и, І і, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ч ч, Ӵ ӵ, Ш ш, ъ, Ы ы, ь, Ю ю, Я я.
In the 1820s and 1950s, a whole series of Komi grammars and dictionaries were published that used various Komi language recording systems, both Cyrillic (P.I.Savvaitov, A.M.Sjögren) and Latinized (M.A.Castren).
In the second half of the 19th century, on the basis of previously created grammars, two main systems for recording the Komi language developed.
So, in the works of G.S.Lytkin, in addition to standard Russian letters, the signs ӧ, j, the ligatures ԫ, ꚉ were used, and the softness of the consonants was indicated by a diacritic grave sign.
In the last years of the 19th century, the active publication of Alphabet book in the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages begins.
Due to the lack of a standard alphabet and the insignificance of editions in the Komi language (about 60-70 books and brochures in Komi were published in 1813-1914), these alphabets did not receive significant distribution among the population.
In 1918, the sphere of use of the Komi language expanded significantly - teaching was introduced in schools, local newspapers began to publish separate articles in the Komi language, etc.
In May – June 1918, a meeting of teachers was held in Ust-Sysolsk, at which teacher V.A.Molodtsov spoke and acquainted the meeting participants with their draft alphabet for the Komi language.
The lack of necessary fonts did not immediately allow us to begin publishing printed materials in this alphabet, which is why until 1920 a modified Russian alphabet was used, compiled by A.A.Zember.
Molodtsov’s alphabet was based on the Cyrillic alphabet, but had a number of specific letters to indicate soft consonants and affricates.
Despite the merits of this alphabet (strict phonemic, economical writing), it also had a number of drawbacks, the main of which was the complexity of the handwriting due to the special form of characters for soft consonants.
At that time, few supported Grena, but at that time an active process of the Latinization of writing began in the USSR, and soon this question was raised again.
In 1929, at the Komi Linguistic Conference of Glavnauki, a resolution was adopted on the need to switch to the Latinized alphabet, using the experience of Latinizing the Turkic scripts of the peoples of the USSR.
In September 1930, the Bureau of the Komi Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks) formally decided to translate the Komi script into Latin.
The alphabet itself was approved in November 1931, after which the transfer of paperwork, education and publishing to a new script began.
The change in the political situation in the USSR in the mid-1930s led to the abandonment of the Latinized Komi alphabet — the country began the process of cyrillization.
Instead, Molodtsov’s alphabet was restored, but in 1938 it was replaced by a new version of the Cyrillic alphabet, much more similar to the Russian script.
For the Komi-Permyak language in May 1937, the district alphabetical commission approved the alphabet containing all 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and additional signs Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӧ ӧ, Ӹ ӹ (the author of the project is V.I.Yakimov).
In July 1937, this version of the alphabet was discussed at the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Language and Writing, where it underwent some changes — Ә ә, Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӵ ӵ became additional signs to the 33 letters of the Russian letter.
It contains all the letters of the Russian alphabet, as well as the signs Ӧ ӧ and І і. Digraphs дж, дз and тш are used to indicate affricates.
The Komi-Yazva language, long considered one of the dialects of the Komi-Permian language, received its original writing only in the early 2000s, when the first primer was published on it.
The alphabet of this publication includes all the letters of the Russian alphabet, the specific characters Ӧ ӧ, Ө ө, Ӱ ӱ, as well as digraphs дж, дч, тш.
The later Russian-Komi-Yazvin dictionary contains an alphabet that has, in addition to the 33 Russian letters І і, Ӧ ӧ, Ө ө, Ӱ ӱ.
The novel deals with the lives of Jews in Russia from the beginning of the twentieth century until the end of World War II.
The novel tells the story of a Jewish family in Eastern Europe over four centuries, from its escape from a blood libel in medieval Germany to Russia in the early twentieth century.
It explores the fate of Yiddish culture during the 20th century – beginning at the end of the Russo-Japanese War – and ending at the end of World War II and the creation of Israel through the history of the Boiar family.
The novel paints a rich and intricate gallery of characters confronted with continuous persecutors whose ideology varies from Czarism to Stalinism and Nazism.
The Boiar family, although decimated by the violent upheavals of the era, never gave up fighting for their spiritual and physical survival.
Prior to his T20 debut, he was named as the captain of Australia's squad for the 2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
Although it was very popular for centuries, nowadays, it has not been used for some time for it has been outdated by more modern machines.
The body was placed on the lower matrix (called the pile and with the negative on one of the faces of the coin) and the upper matrix (called the piece with the negative on the other side of the coin) was lowered by means of the press of coining (of inercy wheel or balls; also called grinder).
Babrak Khan (died ) was a Zadran chieftain who was the father of Saad Akbar Babrak, the person who assassinated the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaqat Ali Khan, as well as the father of Mazrak Zadran, a rebel leader during the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1946.
In 1898, Babrak had under him five companies of Zadran Khasadars, whom he maintained on a contract system with emir Abdur Rahman Khan, but these were subsequently disbanded and their place taken by regular troops.
In 1917, he headed a deputation of leading Zadran Maliks which visited the Nazim of Khost with a view to making peace with the British.
During the Third Anglo-Afghan War, he accompanied the Afghan Army as far as Matun and was said to have participated in Nadir Khan's attack on Thal.
Ludwig Adamec and David B. Edwards agree that Babrak died fighting in the Khost rebellion, but disagree about which year - Edwards places it in 1924, and Adamec places it in 1925.
Rhea Talley Stewart appears to contradict claims that Babrak led the Zadran tribe during the Khost rebellion, stating that the Zadran were led by Burland Khan at this time.
The discography of Charlie Brown Jr., a Brazilian alternative rock band, consists of ten studio albums, five video albums, three live albums, one promotional extended play, one compilation, one demo tape and forty singles.
The band was formed in Santos, São Paulo in 1992 from the ashes of What's Up, a former project of vocalist Chorão that, by the time of its demise, already had in its line-up bassist Champignon, guitarists Marcão and Thiago Castanho, and drummer Renato Pelado.
After a brief hiatus, Chorão reactivated the band in 2005 with Heitor Gomes on bass, André Pinguim on drums and Castanho returning as guitarist.
Pinguim's contract expired in 2008, after which he was replaced by Bruno Graveto, and in 2011, following the departure of Gomes, Marcão and Champignon returned to make Charlie Brown Jr. a quintet again.
He attended his early years of education at Soliat Primary School, some 4 kilometers from his home between 1956 and 1959 (Class 1-4) after which he proceeded to Sitotwet Intermediate School (now Torit School) (1960-1963) where he sat the Kenya African Preliminary Examination (KAPE) and then to Cheribo Primary School (1964) where he sat the Kenya Preliminary Education (KPE) exams.
His secondary education was undertaken at the Kericho High School where he sat the Ordinary Level of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.
(Nov. 1968) and proceeded to Strathmore College where he sat for his University of London, General Certificate of Education, Advanced Level (Jan 1970) and further to the University of Nairobi completing in April 1974.
Koech attended the University of Nairobi where he undertook a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry and Zoology completing in April 1974.
He later went ahead to acquire a Master of Science in Pharmacology specializing in Clinical Pharmacology at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA in 1977.
Prof. Koech has a PhD in Medical Pathology, Immunology from the University of Nairobi, Kenya; research undertaken at Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA in 1980.
He has served in various positions in the Government of Kenya and other different organizations in the private sector and international bodies.
Prof. Davy Koech was appointed by the former president of the Republic of Kenya to head the Davy Koech Commission that formed an inquiry into Kenya's Education System.
The drug was introduced in a public ceremony presided by Kenya's former President, Daniel Toroitch Arap Moi and the work of the new wonder drug discovered was hailed as a major step against AIDS and a win for African Science by the former Vice President and Finance Minister George Saitoti.
Kemron was the trade name for a low-dose of alpha interferon, manufactured form of a natural body chemical in a tablet form that dissolves in the mouth.
Clinical trials of Kemron funded by WHO in five African Countries did not find any health benefits reported by Kemri Scientists.
Thereafter, WHO in a press release in its Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland termed Kemron as an experimental drug of unproved benefit for HIV/AIDS treatment.
The American National Institute of Health concluded that no one had been able to duplicate the effects claimed by scientists behind Kemron drug.
The boys' mass start speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Lake St. Moritz on 16 January 2020.
Werner Klein (born 25 January 1950 in Burbach (Saarbrücken) is a German entrepeneur, investor and former racing driver residing in Switzerland.
Werner Klein is the father of two children, son Marc and daughter Linda, is engaged to Christina Kellenberger and lives in Lucerne on Lake Lucerne.
Between 1972 and 1977 Klein was an active racing driver, winning the Formula Vee on the AVUS racing track in Berlin in 1974 and finishing on fourth place in the Formula Three championship in 1976.
The Society of Ship-Owners of Great Britain (SOGB) was an organisation established by British ship-owners in 1802 to defend their interests by opposing breaches of the Navigation Acts.
The ship owners were concerned that while their operating costs such as taxation, naval supplies, wages and insurance, had increased, foreign competition meant their freight rates were kept low.
The Ubari conflict is an ongoing territorial dispute between the Taureg and Tubu tribes over control of the town of Ubari, located near the oasis city of Sabha, Libya.
The Arab Awlad Suliman tribe, an enemy of the Tubu, supported the Taureg in what they viewed as combating Tubu expansionism.
The Taureg took positions on Tendi Mountain, north of the city, while the Tubu took most of the Eastern side of town and adjacent foothills, cutting off the Eastern road leading to the Taureg stronghold of Sabha, in Western Libya.
On 23 November 2015, Qatar mediated a ceasefire between the Taureg and Tubu; both groups agreed to withdraw from Ubari, and allowed for Arab tribesmen of the Hasawna tribe to enter the city to act as peacekeepers.
In March 2017, representatives from the Tuareg, Tebu, and Awlad Suleiman signed a peace treaty in Rome as a replacement for a failed 2015 ceasefire brokered by Qatar.
In February 2019, both the Taureg and Tubu temporarily united under the GNA and its Taureg commander Gen. Ali Kanna to defend against advances by the LNA under General Khalifa Haftar in Fezzan.
Her father Joseph Gauthier, was a master blacksmith while her mother Virginie Génisset was a professor of Latin literature at a university in Besançon.
Particularly, she exerted her influence when she became the editor of the newspaper that promoted its agenda, which focused on the liberal ideals of the French Revolution and the secularization of education.
Coignet's early works had been influenced by the reform of the French educational system after the proclamation of the French Third Republic.
This is, for example, demonstrated in her defense of the public education published in 1856 as well as her account of the life of Elisa Grimailh Lemonnier, an educator who founded professional schools for young women.
Coignet is also known for her biographical account of her relatives, such as Clarisse Vigoureux and her cousin Victor and his socialist politics.
Coignet's theory identified the concept of freedom as the basis of internal morality, one that is distinguished from external morality, which is derived from philosophy or natural science.
The woman puts a stop to it when she realized her worth and her freedom, allowing her to regard her husband with reproach, awakening his conscience as a result.
The 1866 engine house contained a central ventilator and the winding engine was from local iron founder's Nasmyth Wilson, which powered a 30-inch by 54-inch winder.
It wound one cage in each shaft and the winding drum had a stepped and diameter to cater for the differing depths.
At least one of the shafts intersected the underground canal of the Worsley Navigable Levels, and although coal winding ceased in 1921 it was retained for water pumping and ventilation.
The colliery was served by the Bridgewater Collieries Railway, which connected other lines such as the LNWR and also to the Bridgewater Canal.
Pumping continued until 1968 and after the National Coal Board demolished the buildings at both sites and the shafts were filled-in.
Sometime later a violent explosion occurred in a house in Walkden caused by firedamp accumulating underground and eventually forcing its way to the surface.
He won the gold medal in the men's marathon T46 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Vaanku () is an upcoming Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Kavya Prakash based on the 2018 short story of the same name by Unni R. Produced by Shimoga Creations, 7 J Films, and Trends Ad Film Makers, in association with Unni R., the film stars Anaswara Rajan, Nandhana Varma, Gopika Ramesh, and Meenakshi Unnikrishnan in the lead roles.
Garowe Online is an independent bilingual news website founded in 2004 and is owned by Garowe News Group, which also owns Radio Garowe.
As Somalia doesn’t have a reliable daily newspaper, owing to its decades of conflict, Garowe Online is among the main sources of news for the public in Somalia as well as the diaspora.
C. Frank Wheatley Jr. (1927 – October 18, 2014) was an electrical engineer responsible for breakthrough research and a number of innovations within the semiconductor industry, including the patent of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
His work within the semiconductor industry garnered him a variety of awards, including his induction into the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame.
Shanghai Airport Authority (SAA) is the state-owned enterprise under Shanghai Municipal Government and operates both Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Hongqiao International Airport.
SAA was established in 1998 and aims to manage Shanghai airports to be the core air hub in the Asia-Pacific region.
Following sexually crude comments Hyde made about Kamala Harris, Connecticut Republicans called on Hyde to end his campaign, and the Connecticut Republican Party refunded the contributions he made to the party.
Hyde has made monetary contributions to various politicians, candidates, and organizations, including Donald Trump, Devin Nunes, Greg Pence, Patrick Morrisey, Jim Renacci, America First Action, and the Tea Party Majority Fund.
Finley Enterprises LLC, which runs Finley's campaign page, managed several pro-Trump Facebook pages that would later be suspended by Facebook for coordinated inauthentic behavior.
The revelations were of great concern to various former foreign service officers and the former ambassador asked for an investigation into this activity.
In an interview with Rachel Maddow on MSNBC on January 15, 2020, Lev Parnas said he did not believe that Hyde was being truthful, though he identified many other alleged participants discussing their roles in the Trump–Ukraine scandal.
In May 2011 in Avon, Connecticut, Hyde was arrested and charged with reckless endangerment after his landscape company felled a tree onto an overhead power line.
In November 2019, Hyde was compelled by a magistrate to make child support payments to Jennyfer Morin to support their 13-year old child.
He was also sued by Between the Bridges, LLC for failing to pay fees owed to a marina in Old Saybrook, Connecticut in January 2019, and by a landlord in Simsbury, Connecticut in February 2019 over unpaid rent.
Hyde violated a restraining order issued by a judge in Washington, D.C., ordering him to stay away from a female Republican political consultant who said Hyde was stalking her, leading police to confiscate three rifles and two shotguns from him.
Changde Apartment (), formerly known as Eddington House, is located at 195 , Jing'an District, Shanghai, close to Nanjing West Road and .
It was originally the property of the Italian Raoul Faith and the majority of its occupants were middle to upper class people.
In contrast with many of the high-rise buildings which surround it, Changde Apartment is a perfectly-sealed time capsule of its era.
This building’s fame is due to the fact that in 1939, a 20-year-old Eileen Chang lived with her mother and aunt in Unit 51.
In 1942, Eileen Chang moved back into the apartment complex, this time in Unit 65, where she lived for the following six years.
She would visit the market and the cinema during her stay there and could only fall asleep to the sound of local trams clinking at night.
After knocking on the door and receiving no answer, Hu stuffed a slip of paper in the narrow slit between the door and the ground, which later proved to be the starting point for an ill-fated romantic relationship.
It was in Changde Apartment where Eileen Chang and Hu Lancheng met, as well as where they separated from each other.
In the prose My View on Su Qing, she wrote: ‘The frontiers of Shanghai undulate slightly, shrouded in the mist of the late dusk.
People who are more poetic than me lie on their pillows, listening to the soughing of the wind in the pines from the forest, or the roaring of the crashing waves of the sea.
For me myself, I have to hear the tram ringing to fall sleep … The apartment is the most ideal place to escape.
They are eager to see that one day they can return to the crop land, raise bees and grow vegetables, and enjoy the blessings of living in ease and comfort.
What they don’t realise though, is that in the countryside, buying half a catty of smoked bacon more than needed will cause much gossip.
The current Changde Apartment is said to have been bought by a fan of Eileen Chang, so it cannot be entered without permission.
However, the downstairs floor opened an Eileen Chang-themed bookstore, named Eddington Literary House (Qian Cai Shu Fang), which is built according to the style of the period, and this attracts crowds of Eileen Chang fans who come to make a ‘pilgrimage’ for their idol.
Presumably due to its age, the building has a slight dull-grey hue, as if the rouge contaminated by the dust that was used by women of old days.
It covers a floor area of 580 square metres, a construction area of 2,663 square metres and is equipped with an elevator in an Art Deco style.
The east facade of the building features stretches of long ribbon-shaped balconies, with vertical lines in the middle forming a horizontal and vertical contrast.
The building uses the strong shadow effect formed by the balconies, curving out and the houses, caving in to form rich colour changes.
Hu Lancheng described the living room of Unit 51, where Eileen Chang lived, as having 'a modern fresh brightness which is almost thrilling'.
It is said that the private studio of director Wong Kar-Wai (wáng jiā wèi 王家卫) is also hidden in the building.
Mary Caroline Foster DeDecker (3 October 1909, Guymon, Oklahoma – 2000, Independence, Inyo County, California) was an American botanist, conservationist, environmentalist and founder of the Bristlecone Chapter of the California Native Plant Society.
Mary Caroline Foster was born 3 October 1909 in Texas County, Oklahoma Barden P. O., later RFD Guymon, in a family of Charles Morrison Foster and Phoebe Arabella Thomphson.
She studied at Van Nuys High School in the San Fernando Valley and after that completed one year at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Mary DeDecker died in 2000 in Independence at the age of 91 and is buried at Independence Cemetery, Inyo county, California.
In Independence DeDecker met a naturalist Mark Kerr who made an exhibit of the plants and their uses by the Paiute Indians, as well as mounting and labeling many local plants.
He taught DeDecker what some of the plans were and advised to send unknown specimens to Dr. Philip Munz at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden in Claremont and to John Thomas Howell at the Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.
She has been hired or given contracts for many consulting jobs, largely to fulfill the requirements of California Environmental Quality Act.
In 1984, Susan Cochrane of the California Department of Fish & Game proved successful in her bid to name remote canyon south of Eureka Dunes in honor of DeDecker, hence, it is now called Dedeckera Canyon.
In 1989 DeDecker, as a botanist who spent many years getting acquainted with the California desert, made a statement at the Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs House of Representatives on California Desert Protection Act of 1989.
DeDecker was active in such organizations as Garden Club, Civic Club, League of Women Voters, botanical organizations, Inyo Associates, Death Valley ‘49ers.
She has served a number of years as Park Liaison Chairman and as second vice-president of the Death Valley ‘49ers, a supportive organization for Death Valley National Monument.
She has also was active in the Eastern California Museum, mostly a disillusioning experience, and in the Concerned Citizens, an activist organization to fight for the rights of Owens Valley in the water issues.
She was active in the Democratic Party being on the Democratic Central Committee in Inyo County, and was appointed to the State Central Committee by Senator Charles Brown.
In DeDecker’s memory and for her many contributions to the botany and history of the Eastern Sierra Nevada and northern Mojave Desert, The Bristlecone Chapter of the California Native Plant Society founded Mary DeDecker Botanical Grant, a small-grants program.
Marjorie Cox and Jack Crawford 11–9, 3–6, 6–3 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1930 Australian Championships.
A Little Thing Called First Love () is a 2019 Chinese romantic television drama starring Lai Kuan-lin, Zhao Jinmai and Wang Runze, Chai Wei.
The series was first aired on Hunan Television from October 23 to November 21 2019 on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays for 36 episodes.
Xia Miaomiao is a shy, artistic student who develops a crush on a handsome, talented classmate and embarks on a journey of self-discovery through college.
Through the help of her friends, she starts to learn about fashion, join school clubs, and studies hard to raise her grades.
However, in 2018 Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Matt Hancock, announced that the government would be changing the organisation’s name to Tech Nation and expanding its remit to cover the whole of the United Kingdom with more integration into Britain’s financial technology sector.
The organisation funds and develops UK-based companies and personnel working in the tech sector as well as expediting visa applications under the UK Visas and Immigration Tier 1 Exceptional Talent Visa.
Following the 2008 financial crisis, a cluster of technology and digital media companies emerged around Old Street Roundabout, also nicknamed Silicon Roundabout.
The companies, which mostly consisted of technology start-ups, were attracted by low rents and the area’s relative proximity to the City of London’s financial district.
After his 2010 general election victory, working alongside advisors Steve Hilton and Rohan Silva, David Cameron unveiled plans to turn London’s East End into an international technology hub on a par with California’s, Silicon Valley.
The announcement came as part of a broader plan to create more private-sector jobs to fill the gaps in the U.K.’s job market in the wake of public sector cuts.
The plans also expanded Tech City’s reach beyond the so-called Silicon Roundabout on Old Street to the areas surrounding the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, with the Olympic Park Legacy Company providing office space inside the Olympic Park.
As well as using place branding and marketing, to attract foreign investment, the programme established a ‘one-stop-shop’ for investment; they named it the Tech City Investment Organisation (TCIO).
groups, his remit also included encouraging entrepreneurs to set up in east London, supporting them attracting investment into the U.K. and encouraging people to buy products and services emerging from the U.K. technology sector.
In 2012, Ten Downing Street appointed Cameron’s Digital Advisor, former Facebook and Google executive Joanna Shields to replace Eric van der Kleij as CEO, after van der Kleij chose not to renew his contract after its expiry.
Meanwhile, on a national scale, Cambridge had developed a cluster of companies working in the fields of biotechnology and engineering where, in 2011 it cluster of 1535 companies achieved a combined turnover of £11.8bn, making it one of the oldest and most successful tech clusters in Europe while wielding little political clout.
Similar clusters emerged from Brighton in the south to Newcastle in the North, with most clusters outside of London funded by their member companies.
In May 2015, the UK Trade & Investment (UKTI), part of the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) cut Tech City’s funding.
However, similarities in remit between the two organisations led to a rift between Shields, who at the time, was also working as Digital Advisor to Prime Minister David Cameron and the UKTI.
Shields stepped down as CEO after holding the position for 15 months but stayed on as chairman and as a business ambassador for Britain’s technology industry.
Under Cameron’s government technology played a big part in the government’s industrial strategy, but insiders from Britain’s technology industry were unsure what impact the change in government and Brexit would have on overseas investment and immigration.
Teresa May’s government announced another 1000 exceptional talent visas but did not specifically allocate them to Tech Nation UK; instead, tech nation would have to compete with the Arts Council of England, the British Academy, the Royal Society and the Academy of Engineering.
May did, however, top-up the quangos existing £2million grant with a £21M grant over four years, which when added to the company’s net commercial revenue of £3M gave the quango a budget of £28M spread out over four years.
Following the £21M extra funding announced by Teresa May, Tech City UK rebranded as Tech Nation and widened its remit to include 11 technology clusters based in town and cities across Britain and Northern Ireland.
The announcement received a mixed reception, as May informed senior industry figures that their regional hubs would report back to a central hub in London, and Tech North, Tech City UK’s sister project would be assimilated into the new organisation.
The announcement led many entrepreneurs from outside of London to believe that the extra funding for the nationwide scheme would further centralise power in London.
These words were a blow to Tech North, which upon its launch was structured as a subsidiary of Tech Nation UK, while Tech North’s chief executive, Claire Braithwaite resigned after nine months in office with sources reporting that she objected to the centralised control of the organisation and desired autonomy from London.
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip Hammond dealt another blow to Tech North when he dropped plans to create a £30m co-investment fund during his 2017 Autumn budget.
Since the quango’s launch, smaller technology and creative companies from East London, particularly Shoreditch claim that spiralling rents, shortages of skilled workers and poor internet connectivity were pushing pre-existing start-ups out of the area.
Entrepreneurs also complained that only high-profile businesses those with links to the government were benefitting from the government’s investment in technology.
During the Spanish American wars of independence, Venezuelan leader Simón Bolívar led expeditions to overthrow government loyal to the Spanish Empire.
During the Spanish American wars of independence, Venezuelan leader Simón Bolívar overthrew the Viceroyalty of New Grenada, which was led by Juan José de Sámano y Uribarri.
After the Captaincy General of Venezuela branched from the Viceroyalty of New Grenada in 1777, the captaincy soon found itself among the Venezuelan War of Independence and the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence was made in 1811.
After Bolívar led the Admirable Campaign in 1813 and establishing the Third Republic of Venezuela, the Spanish reconquest of New Granada occurred and the Viceroyalty of New Grenada was re-established in 1816.
In 1819, Bolívar began his expedition to overthrow the Viceroyalty of New Grenada and led Venezuelan troops and British Legions into Spanish territory.
Following the Battle of Boyacá, Viceroy Juan José de Sámano y Uribarri fled to Cartagena de Indias where he was not recognized.
On 10 August 1819, Bolívar marched into Bogotá and months later during the Congress of Angostura, the State of Gran Colombia was declared on 17 December 1819.
In September 1901, Castro deployed an additional 1,200 troops along with canons, rifles and a machine gun into Colombia, with Venezuelans comprising a large portion of Liberal troops in border area.
During the Battle of Riohacha, President Castro sent a gunboat to block Conservative reinforcements from entering the city's harbor and order Venezuelan general José Antonio Dávila to manage Venezuelan troops alongside the Liberals.
Errors by Venezuelan forces resulted with Colombian reinforcements landing near Riohacha and countering the joint Liberal-Venezuelan forces, resulting in a mass retreat and a victory for the Colombian army.
In 1955, forces loyal to Costa Rican former president Rafael Calderón, backed by the Nicaraguan president Anastasio Somoza García, crossed the border from Nicaragua and invaded Costa Rica.
President Pérez Jiménez anticipated the invasion of Guyana in 1958, but was overthrown in the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état prior to this.
Five months after Guyana's independence from the United Kingdom, Venezuela moved to occupy Ankoko Island from Guyana in October 1966, with Venezuelan troops building military installations and an airstrip on the island.
Days after Venezuela left a subcommittee discussing Guyana-Venezuela border disputes on 4 July 1968, President Leoni declared an annexation of of coastline in the Essequibo on 9 July 1968, stating that the Venezuelan Navy would enforce the area.
The rebels stated that they would grant Venezuela control of Guyana's disputed Guayana Esequiba territory and called for support from Venezuela.
According to Odeen Ishmael, rebels were transported into Venezuela by aircraft on 24 December 1968, days after the Guyanese general election, and that following their arrival, the Venezuelan Army flew the Rupununi rebels to one of their facilities on 25 December 1968 where they armed and trained them with automatic rifles and bazookas.
On 2 January 1969, rebels attacked Lethem, Guyana, killing five police officers and two civilians while also damaging buildings belonging to the Guyanese government.
Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez allegedly contributed to the election campaign of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner during the Argentine presidential elections of 2007 in an attempt to influence the election.
On 4 August 2007, Guido Alejandro Antonini Wilson, a Venezuelan-US entrepreneur of close to President Chávez, arrived in Argentina on a private plane chartered from Royal Class by Argentine and Venezuelan state officials, carrying US$790,550 in cash.
He attended the 6 August 2007 oil deal signing ceremony between President Chávez and his Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, that took place in the Casa Rosada presidential palace.
As investigations of Antonini Wilson began, he fled to the United States and began to cooperate with investigations performed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
While wearing a covert listening device Wilson was approached by two Venezuelan businessmen; Carlos Kauffmann and Franklin Durán, Moisés Maiónica a Venezuelan lawyer and José Canchica of Venezuela's spy agency, the National Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services (DISIP).
The lawyer also asked Antonini Wilson to sign for a $2 million receipt so Rangel Silva had proof that the cash was delivered and would not be accused of keeping the money for himself.
Finally, Maiónica said that Chávez asked PDVSA director Rafael Ramírez to manage the hush money, but later decided on Rangel Silva.
Details of the case were explained by businessman Carlos Kauffmann and lawyer Moisés Maiónica, with both testifying against Durán and pleading guilty to conspiracy.
The two testified that the $800,000 was sent from Venezuela through PDVSA to fund Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's campaign, with the plot being orchestrated by Venezuela's National Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services.
The president of Cube, Hiryoyuki Kitamaki made a statement regarding the news, declining all accusations made by the entertainment tabloid magazine as non factual.
The film stars Benjamin Ratner as Ted and Darcy Belsher as Johnny, an aimless pair of brothers in Montreal who regularly commit small-scale crimes with the help of Ted's girlfriend Jo (Kim Huffman).
Jo then meets Luka (Joel Bissonnette), an immigrant from the Czech Republic whom she becomes smitten with and begins to date; one day, however, a confrontation between Luka and Ted leaves Luka dead, forcing Ted into hiding while Jo has to protect him by lying to the police that Luka was the aggressor and Ted killed him in self-defense.
The film premiered on March 10, 2002 at South by Southwest, and had its Canadian premiere at the Montreal World Film Festival on August 28.
During long static scenes shot in the back alleys and diners, you can vicariously feel the scrounging and penny-pinching that went into every shot.
Even though it is set in a big city, there are never any extras, so Montreal somehow becomes a ghost town.
Ratner won the Vancouver Film Critics Circle award for Best Supporting Actor in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2002.
It was detected in the circumstellar shell of VY Canis Majoris and in the star forming region catalogued as AFGL 5142.
The compound has been found to have been initially produced in star-forming regions, and speculated to be carried by interstellar comets throughout outer space, including to the early Earth.
In 1894 W. N. Hartley was the first to report an observation of ultraviolet emission from a phosphorus compound, that was later expanded on by Geuter.
The source of the spectral lines and bands were known to be related to phosphorus, but the exact nature was unknown.
Phosphorus was identified as a cosmically abundant element in 1998 after researchers found a cosmic ratio of phosphorus to hydrogen (P/H) of about 3×10.
Even with the prevalence of phosphorus in interstellar clouds, very few phosphorus bearing molecules had been identified and found in very few sources; phosphorus nitride, PN, and the free radical CP were found in a carbon rich envelope of IRC +10215 in 1987.
ARO's 10 m SMT was able to measure the rotational transitions of PO showing J=5.5→4.5 at 240 GHz and J=6.5→5.5 at 284 GHz toward the evolved star, each consisting of well-defined lambda-doublets.
Since the detection of PO towards the envelope of the VY CMa supergiant in 2001, PO has been found in many more interstellar clouds and is found in abundance around oxygen-rich shells.
The glow happens as PO is oxidised by one of these reactions: PO + O → PO; or PO + O →PO + O.
The possible ways that PO appears in this process is by breakup of the PO molecule which in turn may come from PO.
The WNiP cluster was oxidised by a peroxide to yield a μ-coordination, where each phosphorus atom is bound to three metal atoms.
The bond length of the PO double bond is 1.476 Å, and free PO shows an infrared vibrational frequency of 1220 cm due to the stretching of the bond.
The free radical nature of PO makes it highly reactive and unstable compared to other phosphorus oxides that have been further oxidized.
(0,0), (0,1) and (1,0) are designations for the sub-bands produced by the transition between two vibration states, as the electronic transition occurs.
The dipole moment of the molecule is 1.88 D. The phosphorus atom has a slight positive charge calculated as 0.35 of the electron.
Argonauta was the lead ship of her class of seven submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Geppino Micheletti (July 18, 1905 – December 8, 1961) was an Italian doctor active in Pula at the end of the Second World War, and then in Narni.
In 1947 he was awarded the Silver Medal for Civil Valor and the Great Gold Medal of the Municipality of Pula.
He is remembered for having operated on the wounded from the Vergarola explosion continuously for over 24 hours on Sunday, August 18, 1946.
The son of Giuseppe Michelstadter and Irma Mejer, who was of Jewish origin, Micheletti was a cousin of the Gorizia philosopher Carlo Michelstaedter.
During the Second World War, from 1941 to 1943 he was director of the 41st auxiliary surgical group stationed in Croatia, and he was decorated with three War Merit Crosses.
In the Vergarolla explosion he lost not only his brother Alberto and his sister-in-law, but also his only two children, Carlo and Renzo, ages 5 and 9, who had gone to the beach like many other children for a traditional swimming competition.
Despite being informed of their fate, he continued to take care of seriously injured and maimed patients for more than 24 hours at Santorio Santorio Provincial Hospital in Pula.
Following the peace treaty, Geppino Micheletti left Pula with his wife Jolanda in March 1947, after being commended for duty by the Red Cross as indispensable, and having coordinated the evacuation of hospitalized patients.
Next to the memorial stone commemorating the Vergarola explosion at the Pula Cathedral there is also a small memorial stone with his image.
Kristen Kit (born August 18, 1988) is a Canadian sportsperson, who competes as a coxswain in both women's eights and mixed coxed four rowing events, and who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team in road bicycle racing.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Sarino Mangunpranoto (15 January 1910 – 17 January 1983) was an Indonesian politician and educator who served as the Minister of Education between 1956 and 1957 and again between 1966 and 1967.
He was also a senator during the United States of Indonesia period, representing Central Java, was ambassador to Hungary between 1962 and 1966, and served for eight years in the People's Representative Council.
After completing his primary education in Purworejo and in Kebumen, he joined the Taman Siswa in Yogyakarta where he completed training to become a teacher there in 1929.
He remained in the organization for thirteen years, most of his time being spent as a head teacher in a Pemalang branch of the school.
Prior to his move to Pemalang, he had joined the Indonesia Party (Partindo) and ran political courses for Taman Siswa pupils.
He moved to Pati and founded a fisheries cooperative after the Taman Siswa schools were shut down during the Japanese occupation.
During the Indonesian National Revolution, Sarino was active as a member of the Indonesian National Party, founding a branch in Pati and being elected to its central leadership in 1948.
After the end of hostilities, Sarino became a member of the Senate of the United States of Indonesia, representing Central Java, and after its dissolution he joined the People's Representative Council.
Sarino was also elected into the People's Representative Council following the 1955 election, but he resigned after less than a month in office.
Sarino was appointed as Minister of Teaching, Education and Culture in the Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet, and held his position from 24 March 1956 to 14 March 1957.
Later, he rejoined the People's Representative Council (at the time known as the DPR-GR, People's Representative Council of Mutual Assistance) in 25 June 1960, but he was honorably discharged from the body by presidential decision, effective on 11 August 1962, and he was posted to Hungary as ambassador until 1966.
He later returned to being Minister of Education and Culture in the Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet between 27 March and 25 July 1966, and following Suharto's takeover, Sarino continued to be Minister of Education in the Ampera Cabinet, where he served between 25 July 1966 and 11 October 1967.
Among his published writings, he wrote about the educational value of children's play, development of a national educational system, informal education, and ideas of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
During the Spanish Civil War, she made one patrol off Barcelona on 12–27 August 1937 during which she unsuccessfully attacked a Republican destroyer with a pair of torpedoes.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
won their second tournament championship in three years, and first of three in a row, and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1995 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The top four finishers by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed playing the lowest seed in the first round.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
From 1963 to 1971 he was a university professor at the Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, and from 1972 to 1992 he succeeded his teacher Schenk at the University of Vienna.
From 1982 to 1998, he was chairman of the of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and scientific director of the .
Yoo Jae-suk (; born on August 14, 1972), is a South Korean comedian, host and television personality currently signed to FNC Entertainment.
From 1961 to 1966, he was chief of regulation and inspection with the New York office of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In 1967, Birnbaum joined the American Stock Exchange and, in 1977, he became president of the Exchange, serving in that role for eight years until 1985.
In April 1985, Birnbaum was named president and chief operating officer of the New York Stock Exchange, effective May 6, 1985, with a salary of $500,000 per year.
In 1988, Birnbaum was replaced as president by Richard Grasso, who had been the executive vice president for capital markets since 1986 and was a member of the Exchange's management committee.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Feldstein is responsible for the creation of several audio and video control devices, such as a remote for 35mm projects, the first HD digital touch panel, and the RF wireless control system.
Feldstein holds awards from InfoComm International and the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame for his contributions to the AV industry.
Major General Roy Van McCarty is an Officer in the South Carolina Army National Guard who currently serves as South Carolina Adjutant General, he was appointed to the position by Governor Henry McMaster on January 17, 2019.
As the states senior military officer, he serves as commander of the South Carolina Military Department which includes the South Carolina Army National Guard, South Carolina Air National Guard, South Carolina State Guard and the Emergency Management Division; he also advises the Governor of the state on military matters.
He is also a graduate of the Field Artillery Officer Advanced Course, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Senior Reserve Component Officer Course and the Senior Service Fellowship at Old Dominion University.
Upon graduation from The Citadel McCarty was commissioned as a Field Artillery Officer into the United States Army serving for 5 years with the 24th Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia; after spending a year with the United States Army Reserve in St. Louis, he joined the South Carolina Army National Guard in 1986 and was assigned to the 178th Field Artillery Regiment at Andrews, South Carolina.
Moving to the 151st Field Artillery Brigade at Sumter, South Carolina, he was a Fire Control Officer, Battery Operations Officer and Headquarters Battery Commander and also served as an Operations Officer with the 178th Field Artillery Brigade deploying to Operation Iraqi Freedom.
He next was assigned as Director of the Joint Staff for the Joint Force Headquarters of the South Carolina National Guard; promoted to Brigadier General in 2012, he became Commanding General of the 59th Troop Command.
McCarty was elevated to Assistant Adjutant General – Army for the South Carolina National Guard in 2013 and was promoted to Major General in 2017.
McCarty succeeded Major General Robert Livingston who was elected Adjutant General in 2011, a change in state law in 2014 made the position an appointee of the Governor.
In civilian life, General McCarty served for 24 years in the Law Enforcement Division of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and is a graduate of the FBI National Academy.
It is located about south west of Salcombe on the south Devon coast, England, co-located with the former RAF Bolt Head airstrip, which was the RAF closed in 1945 but remains in service for general aviation to this day.
When the GCI role was moved to the new Master Radar Stations, the bunker was made redundant and taken over by the Home Office as a regional seat of government (RSG) bunker.
Plans to move this station to Norton Manor Camp were never carried out, and it remained in use as a RSG (although the name change on occasion) until 1994 with the ending of the Cold War.
On 9 May 1610, he was consecrated bishop by Michelangelo Tonti, Bishop of Cesena, with Metello Bichi, Bishop Emeritus of Sovana, and Alessandro Borghi, Bishop Emeritus of Sansepolcro, serving as co-consecrators.
Johann Baptist Placht was an Austrian soldier, clerk and confidence trickster who was indicted in 1874 for running a Ponzi scheme in 19th-century Vienna.
Since he was 36 years old at the time of his trial on 10 February 1874, he must have been born in 1837 or 1838.
He had to quit the service because of his debt and was hired as a clerk at a bank in Vienna.
Despite multiple reasonable grounds for suspecting Placht of the theft, his guilt could not be prove and he was instead fired with a severance.
In the first half of 1872, Placht began advertising his business in all major newspapers, promising investors cheap rates for orders of securities.
After being able to keep up the charade for several months by paying out new customers with the investments of old customers, his business fell apart when the stock market crashed in May of 1873 and his trades were largely fictitious.
On 10 February 1874, at age 36, he was sentenced to six years in prison on charges of fraud and embezzlement.
The gullibility and greed of his customers was emphasized as a mitigating factor by both the prosecutor and the judge as well as the stock market crash.
Contemporary reports on the trial pointed to similarities to the case of Adele Spitzeder, who had run a similar business in Munich until November 1872; Spitzeder, however, unlike Placht, never claimed to invest the money people gave her or in fact explained how she intended to make a profit at all.
Her father, Thomas Sims, was a member of the Plebs' League, and a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain.
During the Second World War, Hilda attended Summerhill School in Suffolk, before leaving in her mid-teens and starting to live in Swiss Cottage, London.
She travelled with the choir to festivals in communist eastern Europe, and by the mid-1950s also sang and played guitar in coffee bars in central London, while working at Collet's book and record shop.
Together with John Pilgrim and John Lapthorne, they formed the City Ramblers (later the City Ramblers Skiffle Group), playing a mixture of jazz, blues, music hall and folk songs, and in 1955 set up the weekly Studio Skiffle club in Holborn.
During the British skiffle boom of the mid to late 1950s, and later, Sims toured widely as a member of the City Ramblers, and recorded for the Storyville and Topic labels.
She later taught English as a foreign language in London and Spain, and established a residential community on the South Yorkshire moors.
Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (, ; born 3 March 1966) is a Russian economist and politician serving as Prime Minister of Russia since 16 January 2020.
He was nominated for Prime Minister of the Russian Federation by President Vladimir Putin on 15 January 2020, following the resignation of Dmitry Medvedev.
Hearings on his appointment were held in the State Duma on 16 January, and he was confirmed to the office that day.
Mikhail Mishustin was born on 3 March 1966 in Lobnya, a town close to Moscow, or in Moscow itself, to the Mishustin family, Vladimir Moiseyevich and Luiza Mikhailovna.
Mishustin's paternal grand-father was partially of Russian Jewish origin and his mother is an ethnic Armenian, with roots in the village of Meghradzor, Kotayk Province, Armenia.
In 1989, he graduated from the STANKIN, majoring in system engineering, and then in 1992, he completed postgraduate studies at the same Institute.
In 1992, Mishustin began working at the International Computer Club (ICC), a public non-profit organization, where he worked on facilitating the integration of Russian and Western advanced information technologies.
In 1998, he joined the state service as an assistant for information systems for accounting and control over the receipt of tax payments to the head of the State tax service of the Russian Federation.
He worked as head of the Federal Agency for Real Estate Cadastre within the Russian Ministry of Economic Development, and head of the Federal Agency for Managing Special Economic Zones.
He spent two years as the president of UFG Asset Management, an investment fund, before resigning to become head of the Federal Tax Service.
As head of the Federal Tax Service, Mishustin earned a reputation as a skilled technocrat and emphasized tax simplification and electronic tax services.
During this period, however, the tax service was criticized for its overly strict approach to business; Mishustin rejected this criticism, pointing to a decrease in the number of on-site tax audits and tax inspections of large and medium-sized businesses.
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, along with his entire Cabinet, resigned on 15 January 2020, after President Vladimir Putin delivered the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly, in which he proposed several amendments to the constitution.
Medvedev stated that he was resigning to allow Putin to make the significant constitutional changes suggested by Putin regarding shifting power away from the presidency.
Only four Deputy Prime Ministers remained from Medvedev's Cabinet (three retained their seats, one was appointed to another post) and twelve Ministers.
He is also an avid spectator of the sport, and is a member of the supervisory board of HC CSKA Moscow.
It has been reported that, prior to his selection as Prime Minister, he and Putin developed a rapport with each other through their shared enthusiasm for the sport.
On 16 January 2020, the Anti-Corruption Foundation called on Mishustin to explain how his wife earned almost 800 million rubles over 9 years.
When switching to the civil service in 2010, Mishustin, in accordance with the law, transferred all his assets and investment projects to his wife.
The list is of deals that are confirmed and are either from or to a rugby union team in the Championship during the 2019–20 season.
Nasrin Sporting Club () is a Bangladeshi Women's association football.It was established in 2019 ahead of 2020 Bangladesh Women's Football League.
C. K. Hansen was a Danish wholesale company and non-vessel operating common carrier established in 1856 at Esplanaden 15 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The company's former headquarters at Esplanaden 15—a Late Neoclassical building from 1856 designed by Gustav Friedrich Hetsch—was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places.
C. K. Hansen was in 1950 owned by C. J. C. Harhoff (born 1886), Knud Hansen (born 1892), Bennet C. K. Hansen (born 1914) and Preben Har­hoff.
The project was never completed but Lumskebugten and the Lion's Gate were also designed by Hetsch as part of the masterplan.
The Chief of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces () is the professional head of the Argentine Armed Forces.
APCO Oil Corporation was an oil and petroleum goods marketing and distribution company that operated in the Oklahoma region from 1960-1979.
As early as 1926, Anderson-Prichard began attempts at trademarking the acronym, first through overtures to the American Pacific Company, and later through communications with the American Oil Company, whose trading name AMOCO was thought to be too similar.
APCO Oil Corporation was created in 1960 when outside investors purchased the remaining parts of the Anderson-Prichard Oil Company, particularly its marketing and distribution units.
The company operated service stations around Oklahoma and neighboring states including Texas, Kansas, Arkansas, and Missouri, as well as states further afield in the Midwest such as Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin and Illinois.
The APCO logo was still used after the company’s dissolution by many independent service stations, and can still be spotted occasionally in the region.
Since 2009, the company has been managed by Prichard’s widow, Ella Wall Prichard, and is participating in the current shale oil boom in Oklahoma.
FC Uttar Bongo (), is a Bangladeshi football club based on Kurigram,Rangpur.It is mainly known for its women's team which competes in country's top tier league Bangladesh Women's Football League.
In December 2019, the club announced that they will take part in 2020 Bangladesh Women’s League, the top tier professional women's football league of Bangladesh which is resuming after seven years.
The Sfax Preparatory Engineering Institute () or IPEIS, is a Tunisian university establishment created according to the law N°65 on July 7, 1992.
The list is of deals that are confirmed and are either from or to a rugby union team in the Top 14 during the 2019-20 season.
The works of the Traffic Control cycle are presented at various contemporary art festivals in different European cities, including Graz, Austria in 2001, Cetinje, Montenegro in 2002, Thessaloniki, Greece 2003.
The Society of Analytical Psychology, known also as the SAP, incorporated in London, England, in 1945 is the oldest training organisation for Jungian analysts in the United Kingdom.
The SAP is a member society of the International Association for Analytical Psychology and is regulated by the British Psychoanalytic Council.
The Tavistock Clinic led by Jung's friend and promoter of his thinking, Hugh Crichton-Miller, had an openness to different streams of research and thought and invited Jung to do a series of lectures in 1935, which were attended by doctors, churchmen and members of the public, including H. G. Wells and Samuel Beckett, but this was not to anchor his thinking directly in the institution.
The professionalisation of analytical psychology needed a number of steps: in 1936 a Medical Society of Analytical Psychology was formed within the Analytical Psychology Club.
With the influx during the 1930s of Jewish analysts of all stripes fleeing from Nazi Germany, the Jungians increased to twelve analysts.
However, in 1943 the British Medical Association had begun to lay down guidelines for treatment, including for mental health in preparation for the eventual demobilisation of medical staff.
Added to this, analysts from the British Psychoanalytical Society (founded in 1919) also congregated in the medical section of the British Psychological Society where a rapprochement began between Freudians and Jungians.
There were meetings between Kleinians, Middle Group Freudians and Jungians in the 1940s all of which helped to crystallise an impetus for the latter to establish themselves in the Psychotherapy field.
Differences between medical and lay analysts were put aside provided the medical analysts (mostly men) supervised the lay analysts (mostly women), and a new society came into being in November 1945.
The presence at the Maudsley Hospital of Jung's friend and collaborator, the psychiatrist Edward Armstrong Bennet aided the recruitment of the first intake of medical trainees at the SAP in 1947.
Among them were Alan Edwards, Robert Hobson, David Howell, Kenneth Lambert, Gordon Stuart Prince, Leopold stein and Anthony Storr.They were later joined by Frederick Plaut, J.W.T.
From the beginning the SAP training was structured on clinically professional, as opposed to purely academic, lines so that personal training analysis and supervision were separate and clinical and theoretical teaching was interrelated.
This followed closely the model adopted by the Institute of Psychoanalysis and continues to the present day and differs markedly from the approach of the training at the C.G.
Analysts loyal to the Zurich approach found this to be a deviation from 'classical' (archetypal) Jungian teaching and tensions rose in the organisation.
Kirsch has interpreted the divisions of that era within the SAP as the playing out of the differences between the rationalist philosophical bent of continental Europe, Jung was heavily influenced by Kant, and British Empiricism.
Eleiko, founded in 1928 and originally a producer of electric appliances such as waffle irons, produced its first barbell in 1957.
Eleiko is the only company certified by all three major international strength sport federations and more than 1000 world records has been set with an Eleiko barbell since 1963 Through the years Eleiko has presented several groundbreaking innovations.
Initially their main products were electric appliances such as waffle irons and toasters but in 1957 the factory supervisor approached the company’s owner Tyra Johansson with the idea of producing a barbell.
The supervisor, Mr Hellström, was himself a keen weightlifter and wanted to tackle the problem of weightlifting bars breaking all the time during competition.
Hellström made a bar of a special, hardened kind of steel and gave the knurling of the bar a waffle pattern.
The Eleiko bar was introduced in 1963 at the World Weightlifting Championships in Stockholm and it immediately revolutionized the world of weightlifting since the bar could last an entire competition without bending or cracking which had been the case prior to the introduction of Eleiko bars.
The 1000th world record was set at the World Championships in Paris in 2011 by Hristov Valentin from Azerbaijan competing in the 56 kg bodyweight category when he broke the world youth record with a lift of 154 kg Clean and Jerk.
Four years after the introduction of the Eleiko bars on the international stage, an Eleiko employee met a weightlifter who used rubber tires around his steel weights to reduce the damage and suppress the sound of weights hitting the floor.
Shortly after, a collaboration with the Halmstad Rubber Factory was born, a custom rubber mix was manufactured and in 1967 Eleiko’s first line of rubber weights was introduced.
Eleiko was certified by the International Weightlifting Federation in 1969 and has equipped more than 40 World Championships, as well as several hundred continental and regional Championships and Games and 5 Olympic Games.
In the 1980's Eleiko introduced a new version of rotating sleeves, which won immediate praise and improved weightlifters’ results by 2-3 kilos.
In the 1990's Tyra Johansson sold the company to Lennart Blomberg and the company is since then run by the Blomberg family.
Originally a supplier of weightlifting equipment to international competitions, world championships, Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, Eleiko in the beginning of the 2000's started marketing strength training equipment and courses for strength coaches, functional trainers, personal trainers and professional athletes.
In 2005 Eleiko partnered with World Para Powerlifting, in 2009 Eleiko became the sole VIP supplier for IPF World Championships and is of today the only company certified by all three major international strength sport federations.
The platform is raised off the floor and consists of layered impacts zones designed to reduce the noise associated with dropped weights during Olympic lifts.
Equipped with a reengineered, dustproof sleeve for greater longevity, refined knurling that caters for specific users and optimized rotation for performance at all loads – they instantly became widely appreciated in the weightlifting community.
The bar has an open design and a built-in stand and loading system to give more people the possibility to experience free weight training through deadlifting.
In July 2019 Eleiko signed a five-year contract with the US Army making Eleiko a preferred supplier for the US Army.
During the length of the contract Eleiko will provide a range of weightlifting, strength and performance training equipment to morale, welfare and recreation facilities in the US and garrisons around the world.
Eleiko has also been selected as the education partner for the United States Navy to further develop its NOFFS program (Navy Operational Fitness & Fueling System), train Navy health and fitness professionals and develop NOFFS Master Trainers.
Each bar is tested through a process including a 1500 kg bend test at the center and 2000 kg at the end of each bar.
The bar is placed in a vise and bent with a hydraulic jack and the bar must spring back to be exactly straight with a maximum deviation of 0.2 mm.
In the commercial segment, the company’s main markets are the Nordic countries, the United States and Germany but beginning in 2017 the company started operations in the UK and in France.
In the Nordic countries, Eleiko distributes exercise and strength training machines from other brands and is a complete supplier to professional sports clubs, colleges and universities, gyms and fitness facilities, and functional fitness centers.
The Waterwheel, in Eagle County, Colorado, is a historic device to lift water from the Colorado River to a height where it may be distributed for irrigation.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, at a time when it was in deteriorated condition.
It lifted water in 35 buckets around its perimeter, which emptied into a wooden trough that flowed into an irrigation ditch.
It could be raised out of the water in winter to avoid damage from ice, and lowered to appropriate level to capture the river's flow.
It was built by Earl Brooks, a rancher, and Franklin Dixon and Jim Jones, without any formal design being available or produced.
Her brother Quincy went on to become a writer, editor and radio commentator while Mark became a law professor in Harvard University and a biographer.
Howe was educated in private schools in Boston including Milton Academy where she graduated in 1922 before attending Radcliffe College for a year.
Howe married Reginald Allen who had worked as a curator of the Gilbert and Sullivan Collection in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
Her service was at the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine and her grave is in Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Quincy, Massachusetts.
The women's high jump event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 14 July 1987.
The film was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia in 2013, and had its theatrical premiere on the film festival circuit in 2014 before going into commercial release in 2015.
Valine won the award for Best Director at the Leo Awards in 2014, and Grant Pearse won the award for Best Production Design.
The film was also a nominee for Best Picture, Best Actress (Kwiatkowski), Best Screenplay (Valine), Best Editing (Lara Mazur and Fredrik Thorsen) and Best Sound Editing (Greg Stewart, Miguel Nunes, Gina Mueller, Don Harrison and Ian Mackie).
At the 2014 Vancouver International Film Festival, Valine won the awards for BC Emerging Filmmaker and Women in Film & Television Vancouver Artistic Merit.
At the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2014, Rennie was nominated for Best Supporting Actor in a Canadian Film and the film was nominated for Best First Film by a Canadian Director.
Robb Cobb (born 8 April 1999 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
Donald Maka (born 29 January 1995 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
Ollie Norris (born 11 December 1999 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
The company makes software that is at the centre of point of sale systems for restaurants, bars, retail outlets and professional services.
The software runs on the iOS and Android operating systems and functions on iPads and a variety of Android hardware devices.
talech was established in 2012 by Irv Henderson and Leo Jiang who continue to perform the roles of CEO and CTO within the company.
The company grew steadily, focusing initially on the North American market where they acquired customers through referral partnerships with Chase, Bank of America Merchant Services, Elavon and USA E-pay.
In 2014, the company opened an office in Dublin to serve the European market where they operate referral partnerships with Bank of Ireland Payment Acceptance, AIB Merchant Services and Elavon Europe.
talech provides software that allows businesses to manage multiple operational tasks – such as order management, inventory and staff reporting, customer management, business insights and payments processing – in a single, integrated point-of-sale system.
talech operates on the iPad family of devices where it works with a variety of hardware options such as cash drawers, barcode scanners, digital weighing scales, Epson and Star Micronics printers and Ingenico card readers.
As a Saas provider, talech's point of sale is available through starter, standard and premium packages with each tier enabling access to a greater amount of features and functionality.
James Thompson (born 13 July 1999 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
In the Swedish edition of these works, Wiberg's illustrations were published next to the original poems by Viktor Rydberg and Karl-Erik Forsslund.
In the international editions the illustration appeared next to a text written by Astrid Lindgren, based on the poems and the illustrations.
Leroy Carter (born 24 February 1999 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
It will be the 27th Evian Championship (the first 20 played as the Evian Masters), and the eighth as a major championship on the LPGA Tour.
The event will be televised by Golf Channel and NBC Sports in the United States and Sky Sports in the United Kingdom.
The field for the tournament is set at 120, and most earn exemptions based on past performance on the Ladies European Tour, the LPGA Tour, or with a high ranking in the Women's World Golf Rankings.
He was educated at the medical department of Union University in Albany, New York and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Maryland.
He became a member of the New York State Medical Society in 1900 and was Vice-President of the Columbia County, New York, Medical Society.
Her bamboo research has received funding from the Smithsonian Institution, Colciencias, the National Geographic Society, the American Bamboo Society (founded in 1979), and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation.
The farm, at 1250 meters altitude, is an estate she inherited from her father, an engineer, and her mother, an artist, who were the owners and managers.
Ximena Londoño grew up there and her mother, Doña Sofi, hired two teachers to teach village children in the mornings and village adults in the afternoons.
Ximena, with her parents, eventually moved to Cali for her higher education; although the family went back to their farm on weekends.
At the National University of Colombia at Palmira, she was one of only eight women in a class of one hundred twenty students.
She became a scientist, a traveller, and an adventurer, but always retained her love for her farm and the people in the nearby village.
The farm, with over 70 different bamboo species, is now a center for research and education, as well as a ecotourism destination.
During a meeting with young French evangelical missionaries and after witnessing the appearance of Jesus Christ, while preparing his State doctorate in financial economics in Toulouse in February 1975, he experienced a new birth.
He underlines that the important thing is not first to change religion, but to discover who Jesus Christ is, and to enter into relation with him.
Back in Burkina Faso, he was Director of Promotion at the National Office of Foreign Trade, then Commercial Director of Faso Fani and finally Director General of SO.VOL.COM.
Antonicek was a corresponding member of the philosophical-historical class of the Austrian Academy of Sciences since 1984 and a full member since 1995, as well as editor of the Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich since 1998.
Mimi Omosefe Asom (born 19 December 1997) is an American soccer player who plays for Portuguese club Benfica as a forward.
The Campo de Marte was built in the 1790s as a military practice range by the Spanish governtment; it was expanded in 1793 by Belgian engineer Agustin Cramer, and later the Bishop Espada improved the lighting of the Campo.
The area was then fenced and four majestic gates, crowned with coats of arms, each representing an important personality: the north gate, Hernán Cortés; the south one, Francisco Pizarro; and the east and west gates, Captain General () Miguel Tacón y Rosique (1834-1838), and Christopher Columbus respectively.
In the 18th century the lands were part of an orchard that belonged Cabildo to Don Melchor de la Torre, and in 1735 they became the property of Don Ambrosio Menéndez.
The aforementioned surveyor assessed a group of said lots at two hundred and three pesos with five and a half reais each, and the remaining at one hundred and seventy-one pesos with seven and a half reais per lot.
On the initiative of the Sociedad Cubana de Estudios Históricos e Internacionales, several busts of personalities and heroes representative of Latin American thought were erected, including those of Simón Bolivar and Benito Juárez.
The park, which is actually a group of parks, has witnessed historical events such as the taking off and disappearance of Matías Pérez, a Portuguese inventor, on his hot-air balloon on June 29, 1856; and the first celebration of Labor Day in Cuba on May 1, 1890.
She studied law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and completed her postgraduate studies at public law at Paris II University.
In October 2015 she was appointed vice president of the Council of State, and in October 2018 she became the first female president of the court, following a unanimous vote.
Her election came after the Syriza government, which was in power at the time, considered her progressive record on issues such as the environment and human rights.
On 15 January 2020, the Greek Prime Minister, Kyriakos Mitsotakis, nominated her for the post of President of the Hellenic Republic, a post she was elected to on 22 January 2020 with 261 MPs voting in favour in the 300-seat Parliament.
Thitathorn Aksornsri (; born 8 November 1997) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a left back for Thai League 1 club Police Tero.
The women's heptathlon event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 13 and 14 July 1987.
The single peaked within the top 10 in Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland, and was a top 20 hit in Austria and Norway.
Western Nigeria Security Network (WNSN) codenamed Operation Amotekun (Leopard), is a security outfit based in all the six states of the South Western, Nigeria, responsible for curbing insecurity in the region.
It was founded on 9 January 2020 in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria as the first regional security outfit initiated by a geopolitical zone in Nigeria.
Operation Amotekun (Leopard) was established on 9 January 2020 by the six state governors of all the South Western states of Nigeria, namely; Lagos State, Oyo State, Ogun State, Ondo State, Osun State and Ekiti State.
The establishment of the security outfit was subject to the decision by all the six state governors at the regional security summit held in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria on June 2019 through Development Agenda for Western Nigeria Commission (DAWN).
In support of the outfit, all the six state governors contributed 20 vehicles each, except Oyo that contributed 33 vehicles, in order to assist the operatives in carrying out their duties, making a total of 133 vehicles for the startup, they also procured 100 units of motorcycles each, making a total of 600 motorcycles.
The members of the outfit were drawn from local hunters, the Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), Agbekoya, Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) and vigilante group.
The operatives of the security outfit will assist police, other security agencies and traditional rulers in combating terrorism, banditry, armed robbery, kidnapping and also help in settling herdsmen and farmers contentions in the region.
For the startup, Lagos, Osun and Ekiti states, recruited 1,320 operatives for the operation, while they will carry dane guns like local hunters, operating in about 52 deadly blackspots all over the region.
On 13 January 2020, the Nigeria police warned that they will arrest any operative of the outfit that carries illegal arms.
On 14 January 2020, the Federal government of Nigeria declared Operation Amotekun as an illegal operation, stating that it is not backed by the Nigerian constitution.
On 23 January 2020, the vice president of Nigeria, Yemi Osinbajo, met with the six state governors of the south western Nigeria and they all agreed to work together towards the progress of Operation Amotekun.
Featuring a total length of 73.81 km, the river, running initially roughly from west to east, takes a southern turn in Spain, eventually emptying into the Guadiana near Badajoz.
Some of its main left-bank tributaries are the Jola, Guarranque and Zapatón, while its right-bank tributaries include the Gevorete, Codosero and Abrilongo.
Gonzalo Escobar and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the title after defeating Gong Maoxin and Zhang Ze 6–3, 6–3 in the final.
Thitawee Aksornsri (; born 8 November 1997) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a centre back, he has also been used as a right back for Thai League 1 club Police Tero.
The Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers and is engaged in sharing information on failures and performance issues of constructed facilities.
The editors seek papers that address construction practices, failure investigation (both technical and procedural failures), as well as reconstruction and ethics topics.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
A luxury apartment is a type of apartment that is intended to provide its occupant with higher-than-average levels of comfort, quality and convenience.
However, it can also mean any apartment with extra amenities, such as a doorman, yoga studios or bowling alleys, among others.
Competition to make the most luxurious apartment increased due to the growth of the Internet, which allowed potential buyers to cross-check apartment listings.
As of 2016, three out of every four new apartment buildings in the United States were luxury designs targeted towards high-end buyers.
It has been linked to the movement of affluent Americans away from suburbs to cities, also known as The Great Inversion.
The 2010s was marked by the construction of many new luxury condominium towers in New York City, often appealing to wealthy overseas buyers, such as One57 and Central Park Tower.
The 2020 Austin Bold FC season is the second season for Austin Bold FC in the USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada.
'Avrom Landy (Cleveland Ohio 1904 - 1992), was a historian, writer and theorist on American Marxism in the first half of the twentieth century.
He was the father of the American artist and researcher, the artist Professor Emeritus of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Sonia Landy Sheridan.
With the four time election of President Franklin Roosevelt, Landy joined Earl Browder, head of the CPUSA, in believing that the USA was on its own historical destiny, a democratic mix of socialism and capitalism.
Landy was an influential Marxist thinker during the 1930s and 1940s, especially through his educational and editorial work, and also through his articles in various leftist journals.
The Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers that covers topics on pipeline systems, from planning, construction, to safety and maintenance.
This journal has a lot of practical coverage and a good resource for practicing engineers looking for environmental and sustainable pipeline information to address water distribution, wastewater systems, storm sewers and more.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
Pa Omar Babou (born 1 October 1998) is a Gambian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Lommel, on loan from Superstars Academy.
Fuller teaches at Harvard Divinity School, the Boston University School of Medicine, and is the first Margaret E. Pyne Professor of Pastoral Studies at Weston Jesuit School of Theology.
Nicolaus Georg Geve , also Claus Georg Geve ( 1712 - June 21, 1789 in Schleswig ) was a Danish painter and illustrator.
Later he made numerous trips through Germany, France and Italy to earn a living in cities and on country estates as a portrait painter.
In 1756 he applied to paint the audience room in the Lübeck town hall but this commission went to Stefano Torelli.
The work was first completely published in 1790 from his estate by the Hamburg doctor and natural scientist Johann Dominikus Schultze .
In 1759 he married Catharina Dorothea Zöllner, a daughter of the decorative painter Johann Martin Zöllner in Copenhagen, who had been a chambermaid of Louise of Denmark until the Princess died in 1756 .
Half-length portrait of Johann Gottlob Carpzov (1747), Lübeck, formerly above the entrance to the Carpzov grave chapel in the castle church , today St. Anne's Museum (engraved in 1747 by Johann Martin Bernigeroth ).
In the game the player controls Ian, a former elite soldier, who has undergone military experiments and tries to uncover his past.
Simon Gerdesmann, managing director of Phantom 8, said the idea to develop a game started from a pitch from a friend.
The development started in March 2016 with three video game developers, later the team expanded to six people in the middle of the development stage but in the end the team grew to eight people.
His research and teaching interests include computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, power and reliability aware design, and emerging technologies in computing systems.
in Computer Science and Engineering from University of Madras in 1993, and his Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of South Florida in 1998, respectively.
He has developed application-specific architectures, including the design, implementation, and field-testing of board level designs for DARPA DESA and DARPA Neovision2 programs.
Previously he served as a founding co-Editor-in-Chief of ACM's Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems and as Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 46 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
In 1981 Randlett assumed office after a long hold on the Mayor's office by Ted Bates, after a heated campaign against him.
Randlett spent much of his term in office fighting the City Council and some department heads; occasionally, those conflicts were settled in court at the expense of Warren's taxpayers.
He returned to his ministry work in eastern Maryland, but resigned from the Jesuit order, becoming a diocesan priest, because the eastern part of Maryland had been transferred from the Archdiocese of Baltimore, where the Jesuits operated, to the Diocese of Wilmington.
He became the Jesuit mission priest at St. Joseph's Church in Cordova, Maryland, which served the rural Maryland counties of Talbot, Queen Anne's, Kent, Caroline, and Dorchester, as well as Kent and Sussex counties in Delaware as a priest from 1867 to 1870.
Henchy was appointed to succeed John Early in 1870 as president of Loyola College in Maryland and pastor of St. Ignatius Church.
His presidency lasted only six months, however, as he became ill and retired in January 1871, and was succeeded by Stephen A. Kelly.
However, in 1868, ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the part of Maryland east of the Chesapeake Bay region had been transferred from the Archdiocese of Baltimore, in which the Jesuits operated, to the newly erected Diocese of Wilmington.
Therefore, in order to continue ministering to the Catholics there, he left the Society of Jesus, and became a diocesan priest.
In this capacity, he ministered to the area again from 1874 to 1878, as the pastor of the Church of Saints Peter & Paul in Easton, Maryland.
Another topic that has been discussed is whether the poem is coherent, or whether it fails to have a unified theme.
In Iran, a famous anecdote was told of how the Mongol conquerer Timur (Tamerlane) met Hafez and criticised him for writing so disrespectfully of Bokhara and Samarkand in this poem.
If this meeting took place, which is not certain, it must have been during Tamerlane's first visit to Shiraz in 1387, two years before Hafez's death.
It has been argued that the poem is likely to have been written after 1370, when Tamerlane began to develop Samarkand and make it famous as his capital; that is, it was probably written later in Hafez's life, since in 1370 he was 53 or 55.
The transliteration given here is based on that approved by the United Nations in 2012, which represents the current pronunciation of educated speakers in Iran, except that to make scansion easier, the long vowels are marked with a macron (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū).
In the other manuscripts verses 6, 7, and 8 are found in various orders: 7, 8, 6; 8, 7, 6; and 6, 8, 7.
Bashiri (1979) argued that verses 6 and 7 are interpolations, and Rehder (1974) suggested that one or both of verses 4 and 8 might be spurious.
In fact, however, although in the great Persian narrative epics and romances the love interest was always female, there was also a long tradition of love poetry in Persian in which, in the great majority of cases, the person whose beauty was praised was male.
Among the poets who wrote love poems of this kind were Farrokhi (11th century), Manuchehri (11th century), Sanai (12th century), Anvari (12th century), Iraqi (13th century), Saadi (13th century) and Awhadi (14th century).
In poems of the early part of the period the object of the poet's love was often a soldier; later he became any kind of adolescent youth, but military metaphors continued to be used to describe the effect his beauty had on the poet.
In a tradition which started with Ahmad Ghazali (11th–12th century) brother of the more famous Mohammad al-Ghazali, and which continued in the Sufi poets Attar (12th century) and Iraqi (13th century), mystical doctrines were often expressed using the idioms of love poetry, in accordance with Ghazali's teaching that the contemplation of a beautiful youth was a way to contemplate the beauty of God.
One of those who interpreted it mystically is Clarke (1895), who explains that the Turk symbolises God, Samarkand and Bukhara signify this world and the next, the wine is the mysteries of love, and so on.
Similarly in the 16th century, the Turkish commentator on Hafez, Ahmed Sudi, adopted a literal approach to Hafez's poetry, rejecting the excessively mystical interpretations of his predecessors Sürūrī and Şemʿī.
According to Bashiri, both poems speak of the seven stages of Love an initiate must go through to achieve union with the Divine (loss of heart, regret, ecstasy, loss of patience, loss of consciousness, loss of mind, annihilation).
Arberry (1946) points out that most of the features of this ode are traditional stock motifs from Persian love poetry, and he quotes some lines of Saadi where the same themes recur.
Other features of the poem, such as the tumult of love, the story of Yusof and Zoleykha, the piercing of pearls (to make a necklace of verses), are also commonly found in Hafez and other poets.
The National Monument of the Kasbah (), more simply called the National Monument, is a memorial monument and a prominent symbol of several events in Tunisia.
Galactic Warrior Rats is a video game developed by Mikev Design, published by Summit Software and released in 1992 for the Amiga and ported to DOS in 1993.
Three laboratory rats named Einstein, Newton and Darwin are on board a spaceship, when unexpectedly the spaceship crashes into a mysterious planet called Smeaton Five.
The three rats venture through the planet's dangerous complex to destroy any defense robot that gets in their way and ultimately shut down the core computer to save Smeaton Five and themselves.
The 1434 oath was taken by members of the English gentry and swore them to refrain from harbouring law-breakers and other breakers of the King's Peace.
The nobility had already taken a similar oath in the House of Lords the previous year at the instigation of the Commons, which also took the oath on the same day.
On 20 January the parliament's Knights of the Shire were instructed to compose and submit to Chancery a list of those property holders who qualified in their constituencies.
The oath was a response to a perceived increase in lawlessness in the regions, which itself was seen as having been caused by illegal retaining.
Although Mowbray had sworn with the other lords in 1433, his behaviour, which seems to have been riotous, had continued in the same manner.
The fact that the oath was deemed necessary indicates the extent to which law and order was considered to have collapsed in the regions.
Christian Liddy, in a study of the oath-taking in the Palatinate of Durham suggests that the oath was not confined to the gentry class.
Christine Carpenter had similar results in her examination of Warwickshire society, discovering that wealth was not a critical factor in deciding who took the oath.
For example, Sir Thomas Ferrers appears in the tax return of 1436–indicating he was considered wealthy enough to be taxed—but he was not summoned to take the oath takers two years previously.
Figures available from the Kentish oath-taking, for instance, indicate that around a third of those who swore the oath in Kent were yeomen rather than gentry.
The numbers of men called upon also varied wildly between areas; those from Kent numbered over 300, for example, while Lancashire swore less than 80.
For some individuals of the period events such as the 1434 oath are the only occasion on which they appear on the historical record.
The Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Civil Engineering Database, EBSCO databases, Ei Compendex, Inspec, ProQuest databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus.
The Lower Lea Valley Cable Tunnels, known as the PLUG (Power Line Under Ground) Project during construction, are a pair of 6 km cable tunnels running beneath the lower Lea Valley in east London.
Constructed at a cost of £130m ahead of the 2012 London Olympic Games, they are owned by National Grid plc and UK Power Networks.
One tunnel is 4.15m in diameter and carries a 400 kV circuit as part of the National Grid, while the other tunnel is 2.82m in diameter and carries a 132 kV circuit as part of the London power distribution network.
The tunnels replaced two overground power lines which crossed the area which would be turned into the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.
The cable tunnels were one of the first major projects for the London Olympics, and was critical to allow subsequent work on the Olympic Park to continue on schedule.
More than 200,000 cubic metres of spoil was generated, the majority of which was reused in the construction of the Olympic Park.
Scott Spinelli is an American college basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach of the Boston College men's basketball team.
He is a 1989 graduate of Boston University, where he was a member of the basketball team under coach Mike Jarvis, helping the Terriers advance to the NCAA tournament in 1988.
Widely regarded as one of the top assistant coaches in college basketball, Spinelli has earned a reputation as an excellent recruiter and game tactician during a career that has seen him have success at every level of basketball.
He began his coaching career on the prep level in 1990 at Milford Academy, where he spent three seasons as head coach and coached several Division I prospects.
In 1993, Spinelli started the basketball program at The Winchendon School in Winchendon, Mass., where in the first three years of the program's history, he led them to two appearances in the NEPSAC Class A Tournament championship game.
Spinelli also produced numerous Division I players at Winchendon, including former McDonald's All-American Randell Jackson, who played in the NBA with the Washington Wizards and Dallas Mavericks.
The Shockers were ranked as high as #8 in the AP Poll and were victorious over George Mason, LSU and Syracuse on the road.
After former Texas A&M head men's basketball coach Billy Gillispie left to coach at Kentucky, Turgeon was immediately hired as head coach of the Aggies on April 10, 2007, thus bringing Spinelli with him to serve as his top assistant.
The program also won the 2007 NIT Preseason Tip-Off and earned a berth to the NCAA Tournament all four years, while advancing to the round of 32 in 2008, 2009 and 2010.
In May 2011, Turgeon met with his coaching staff and players to inform them that half an hour earlier he accepted the head coach position at the University of Maryland.
While at Maryland, Spinelli helped the program land three recruiting classes, all nationally ranked in the top 25, including a top 10 class in 2014.
They were also the only program in the country to beat Duke twice in that season, with Spinelli having the game scout each time.
In 2014, it was announced that Spinelli had accepted an assistant coaching position at Boston College under head coach Jim Christian.
During the 2017-2018 season, the Eagles knocked off #1 ranked Duke, marking the third time in Spinelli's career that his scouting report took down the Blue Devils.
He has a great command and passion in his ability to recruit top level talent, but also develop and motivate that talent to reach its full potential.
He is one of the main reasons I’m able to fulfill my dream of playing in the NBA.” Middleton scored a career-high 51 points in a Bucks win over the Washington Wizards on January 28th, 2020.
As an assistant coach under Turgeon at Maryland, Spinelli recruited current Atlanta Hawks center Alex Len and Minnesota Timberwolves forward Jake Layman.
In his current position at Boston College, Spinelli was the lead recruiter of current Los Angeles Clippers forward Jerome Robinson and Golden State Warriors guard Ky Bowman.
Robinson was drafted with the 13th overall pick in the 2018 draft, becoming the first ever lottery pick out of Boston College.
While many may have visions, Coach Spinelli also has the knowledge, experience, and positive energy that kept me focused and working not only towards achieving my dream of playing in the NBA, but making me a complete athlete, socially & academically.
The women's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 13 and 14 July 1987.
The allied goal was to substitute all teachers influenced by a Nazi past in German schools and guarantee that the German youth would receive a pro-democracy education (→ Reeducation and Denazification.
For the recovery of education after the end of the Second World War in Germany, the path to teaching was opened to graduates through short courses, and in the Soviet occupation zone also to young workers.
All persons who could demonstrate having an academic degree were accepted into the program, as long as they had no link with the Nazi Party or with its state organs.
The program mainly taught pedagogy as it was known at the time, so that in a few months the students could work as teachers.
In the Soviet occupation zone the courses normally lasted 4 to 8 months, often in specially designed schools, where young workers were specially promoted.
Although in the first school year a few teachers with a Nazi past were still tolerated, the directives for their stay in their jobs gradually became more strict.
Although the old teachers questioned the quality of a professional retraining of at maximum one year, thanks to the general academical formation of the new teachers the result was good enough and allowed for a stable job for members of professions that had no other alternatives in post-war Germany.
In the Soviet occupation zone the introduction of new teachers also served to guarantee the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) control over school education.
47.7% of these teachers belonged to the SED, and 13% to the LDP and 10% to the east German Christian Democratic Union, the later two being bloc parties under SED control.
Fatokun started his senior career with Royal Antwerp, where he made over one hundred and twenty-two appearances and scored over twenty goals.
Matz Skoog (born 1957) is a Swedish dancer and director, and the artistic director of English National Ballet from 2001 to 2005.
Other than the four majors, which are played outside Japan, there is one event played in Singapore and one event in South Korea.
The number in parentheses after each winner's name is the number of Japan Golf Tour events he had won up to and including that tournament.
The grand prize is R$1.5 million with tax allowances, plus a R$150.000 prize offered to the runner-up and a R$50.000 prize offered to the housemate in third place.
On week 2, 4 new housemates entered the game as part of a twist, bringing the number of housemates up to 22.
In order to celebrate the show's 20th season anniversary, competitions and twists from previous seasons will be revived and scattered again this year.
This season, each housemate will be able to use a cellphone to capture moments in the house during a time determined by production.
The cell phone will only allow them to post photos and videos to #FeedBBB and see what other housemates are saying about each other.
Along with it's regular powers, this season the HoH will also be tasked with splitting their housemates into haves and have-nots as well as choosing what and how much each group will be eating.
On day 1, 18 housemates entered the Big Brother house, divided by a wall with Celebrities on one side and Civilians on the other.
Each week, two nominated housemates (either by a House vote or a voting twist) compete against each other for one last chance to save themselves from the block.
On day 12, four additional housemates entered the Glass house where the public voted for two of them (one man and one woman) to move into the main House.
Once in a while, the Big Phone rings, unleashing good or bad consequences on the nomination process for those who decide to answer it.
At the beggining of each week, the previous Head of Household is given the opportunity to disqualify some housemates from competing in the upcoming HoH competition.
Joseph Gerard Sullivan (born August 1944) is a career minister in the Senior Foreign Service who has served as the American Ambassador to Zimbabwe (2001-2004) and Angola (1998-2001).
Sullivan lived in the Neponset section of Dorchester, Boston until he was ten years old, when the family moved to the nearby St. Ann's parish.
Each film is about one minute long and follows personified hands as they perform a small skit or a visual illusion.
The series was shot in black and white, with the exception of the vanity card that appears at the end of each film.
The series' opening sequence was filmed entirely under blacklight; the performers wore blacklight-reactive white gloves and dark clothing to create the illusion of hands floating through space.
In the shorts proper, the background was also entirely black, but the puppeteers' hands were bare and certain set pieces were made visible through the use of followspots on particular stage areas.
A Nickelodeon vanity card (shot in color, unlike the rest of the segments) was created for the films after Nick acquired them.
Pablo Haro Hernanz (born 17 June 1997) is a Spanish footballer who plays for UD Las Palmas Atlético as a right winger.
Born in Segovia, Castile and León, Haro moved to Seville, Andalusia at early age and represented UD Bellavista and AD Nervión as a youth.
Haro made his first team debut for the Canarians on 17 December 2019, starting in a 2–0 away defeat of CD Castellón, for the season's Copa del Rey.
He made his Segunda División debut the following 14 January, coming on as a late substitute for Fabio González in a 0–1 home loss against Real Zaragoza.
After working a few years in his family business, he pursued a Doctorate in educational psychology first at the University of Michigan and received his degree from the University of Iowa by 1935.
Wenger worked as a research assistant at the University of Chicago where he examined children with abnormal mental health problems, working with his colleague F. N. Freeman on a test battery that was used within a longitudinal study that focused on mental development.
In 1944, he was asked by J.P. Guliford to work for the Santa Ana Army Air Force Team as a research assistant.
He finally joined the Department of Psychology at University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1945 where he worked until his retirement in the mid-70’s.
He contributed his own original work in psychophysiology when he published Studies of Autonomic Balance in Army Air Forces Personnel in 1948.
What sparked interest in conducting this research was the examination of a previous study done at the Fels Research Institute of Antioch College in 1941.
In this previous study, researchers examined child participants and how certain environmental factors affected their autonomic nervous system and system of skeletal musculature.
Neither of these factors were reasonably measured to an adequate level before it was put on hold due to World War II escalating; however, researchers saw a great deal of promise and potential in future tests.
After the war concluded, psychologists working for the Army Air Forces (Dr. Wenger included) reexamined the study that was done at the Fels Research Institute.
They believed that this study could be applied to the Army Air Forces as a way to rule out unqualified recruits.
It was already known by pilot instructors that excess tension in a pilot’s muscles can lead to adverse effects upon their ability to fly a plane.
Instructors also understood that a pilot needs to have stable emotions and immense concentration especially when maneuvering in a dangerous environment such as a warzone.
There was very little research in relation to adults and the factors of muscle tension and autonomic balance previous to his monograph.
Some of the measures he observed were measurements such as white blood count, blood sugar, finger temperature, height-weight ratio, oxygen consumption.
Wenger’s research for the Army Air Forces helped to not only pave the way for a strong test battery for air force recruitments but also to solidify psychophysiology as a key division in psychology.
Both works paved the way for how modern researchers see the connection between emotions and the autonomic nervous system and helped create a foundation for psychophysiology and progressed further understanding of emotional behavior in humans.
During the McCarthy era, teaching staff and research assistants were forced to sign a contract stating that they would remain loyal to the state.
Dr. Wenger took the initiative to persuade his fellow staff to sign the oath, especially students that needed state funding in order to allow them to stay at the university.
In protest of the forced oath of loyalty, Dr. Wenger stepped down from his position as chair of psychology; hence, showing his dedication to the scientific community.
Rolon v. Kulwitzky (Court of Appeals of California, Second District, Division 4, B002051; March 20, 1984) was an unlawful discrimination case filed by Deborah Johnson and Zandra Rolón, a lesbian couple, against a Los Angeles restaurant, Papa Choux, after they were refused seating in a semi-private booth.
The lower court denied the plaintiffs a preliminary injunction in their action for unlawful discrimination, but the Court of Appeals reversed the lower court, holding that the restaurant engaged in prohibited discrimination.
On January 3, 1983, Deborah Johnson and Zandra Rolón arrived at Papa Choux restaurant in Los Angeles, having made a prior reservation.
The couple, both lesbian activists of color who had been involved in promoting LGBT rights in the area during the 1970s and 1980s, were kicking off their first full weekend together as a couple in honor of Martin Luther King's birthday, which had just been declared a national holiday.
However, the two women were not provided with menus, and after waiting for a while were confronted by the maitre d' and then the restaurant manager, who told them that they could not be served there, and that the booths were reserved for heterosexual couples only.
The exchange escalated to a shouting match, as the activists refused to vacate the booth and the restaurant employees maintaining that serving them was against the law.
They approached civil rights attorney Gloria Allred, who filed a suit for damages for violation of the Unruh Civil Rights Act, which protects against discrimination based on sex or sexual orientation by businesses, as well as a preliminary injunction prohibiting the restaurant from continuing with their discriminatory policy.
The restaurant never denied the practice, and in several newspaper interviews, the manager, Walter Kulwitzky, and owner, Seymour Jacoby, were quoted as preferring to go to jail rather than obeying a court order to serve same-sex couples, should such an order be issued.
The appellate court held that the Unruh Civil Rights Act does prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, and that Chapter IV, article 12, of the Los Angeles Municipal Code specifically prohibits such discrimination in the provision of services by businesses.
The court also rejected the defendants/respondents' central argument about protecting other diners, as the lesbian couple was offered service in the open seating area, where they could be seen by all restaurant patrons, and were only denied service in the private booth.
Johnson and Rolón returned to the lower court to get the requested injunction, which was issued, as well as their damages of $250 each (the amount of the requisite municipal fine).
The defendants were also required to pay the plaintiff's attorney's fees for the legal action surrounding the case, which amounted to nearly $30,000.
Rather than comply with the law and serve same-sex couples in the romantic booths, the restaurant decided to eliminate the intimate seating area altogether.
The legal significance of the case was that it was the first instance in which a court held that California’s civil rights bill includes a prohibition of discrimination by businesses on the basis of sexual orientation.
The case has been cited as a precedent in other cases on LGBT discrimination, including before the United States Supreme Court.
Since then, the case has been included in school, university and law school curricula and books about civil rights and LGBT history.
It occurs at altitudes up to about , typical habitats including wet or moist lowland rainforest, mesophyll forest and montane wet forest.
It lives in colonies underground and this subterranean existence means it is poorly represented in ant surveys; it has been found most often by sifting through leaf litter, but has occasionally been observed under stones or visiting bait.
The fact that it is much more common than might be expected from survey results is shown by the vast swarms of males that were seen twice in 1991 at La Selva Biological Station during the wet season.
The ants move the nest upwards and downwards according to the conditions of the soil, descending deeper when the ground becomes dry.
The nests have multiple queens, either because they were founded by several newly-mated reproductives, or because they have recruited further queens since their foundation.
The women's 400 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 13 and 15 July 1987.
It was released for purchase on 7 July 2004 through Columbia and Sony Music, as a CD single and digital download.
The song ranked in the top-ten for seven weeks, and remained on the chart for twenty non-consecutive weeks until its final appearance on 2 December 2004.
Milborne Wick's mission church was built as a chapel of ease to the parish church of St John the Evangelist at Milborne Port.
A major benefactor was Sir Edward Bradford Medlycott, who gave a 99 year lease for the land, donated a sum of money and also granted building stone from his quarries.
Plans for the church were drawn up by Mr. Henry Hall of London and it was built by Mr. A. Hallett of Milborne Port with Mr. Alfred Reynolds as clerk of the works.
The cost of the church amounted to almost £400, which discounting the donation of building material and furnishings, was raised by public subscription.
A credence table of polished marble and stone was installed at the church in 1892 by Mr. Reynolds in memory of his wife.
Many of the 1891 fittings were gifted by local residents, including the west window by Mr. Hyde, a bell by Mr. Smith and the altar desk by Lady Medlycott.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
The ILP soon affiliated to the Labour Party, and in 1918, Drinkwater began working for the party as a part-time organiser in the West Midlands.
Alongside Hall, the band's other members, Nick and Zack Levine, add guitar and drums; both are credited with recording and mixing as well.
George Tiesenhausen Helmold's son pledged this property in 1570 to Fromhold Ungern for 2000 marks, who seemed to have ceded his right to George Tolcke Von Fromhold Tiesenhausen redeemed his widow, who was married to Johann Neutstedt in a second marriage.
In 1594 Lubey estate was confiscated at the beginning of the Swedish rule along with other Tiesenhausen estates because the owner had followed the Poles.
On September 1, 1667, the assessor Johann Gottfried von Falckenberg sold Lubey to the Landrath and Colonel Otto von Mengden, whose grand son the General Lieutenant and Landrath Carl Friedrich Baron Mengden, for 5500 Thaler Alb, sold to the Landrath Valentin Johann von Krüdener.
Minister Burchard Alerius Constantin von Krüdener surrendered both estates on September 7, 1784 for 19,000 thalers to the district administrator Ludwig Wilhelm Grafen Mannteufel the Lubey united with the Gut Bersohn with which it has remained associated since then.
Isabel Dada Rinker (September 11, 1941 – June 14, 2017) was a Salvadoran actress and poet, considered a pioneer of theater in El Salvador.
Isabel Dada was born in San Salvador on September 11, 1941, the daughter of Teresa Rinker de Dada (born in Nicaragua and nationalized Honduran), and Ventura M. Dada (born in Jerusalem and nationalized German, whose ancestors were from Greece).
She traveled to the United States to study for a Bachelor of Commerce and Bilingual Secretariat degree, and at 18 she went to Mexico to attend a theater course.
Her career as a professional actress began in 1967 when she joined the University Theater of the University of El Salvador, under Spanish director .
Currently signed with Ghostcraft Music, she has already released two singles under Brian Perera's record label Cleopatra Records before leaving them in July 2019.
Her music journey started with the saxophone and drums before joining a metal band in high school, but she only began rapping when she was 19.
In 1921, he became the general secretary of the East Dorset District Labour Party, and in 1922 he began working full-time for the party as a propagandist in South West England.
Hopkins stood for Labour in Bournemouth at the 1918 UK general election, East Dorset at the 1922 and 1923 UK general elections, in Penryn and Falmouth at the 1924 and 1929 UK general elections, and in the 1928 St Ives by-election, but was never elected.
Umuganda is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community work from 8:00 AM to 11:00 AM.
The success of Umuganda in Rwanda led the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) to institute a similar program in South Sudan.
It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Portugal to Morocco, as well as Madeira and the Azores, and in the Mediterranean Sea as far east as the Adriatic Sea.
Geococcus coffeae is a species of mealybug in the family Pseudococcidae, commonly known as the coffee root mealybug, or brown scale.
It is also known from Cuba, Costa Rica, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Panama, Guatemala, Colombia and Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda and Zanzibar, India, the Philippines and Hawaii.
The colony of mealybugs exude wax and secrete honeydew, forming a darkish, cork-like crust, and where there are several colonies, give a knobbly appearance to the root.
Includes bases in North Africa and the United Kingdom used by Strategic Air Command and bases used by the United States Air Forces in Europe (after 1947).
Caribbean Lend-Lease bases inactivated in 1949, however 99-year lease signed in 1940 remains in effect, United States has right of return until 2039.
During Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, the Iraqi Air Force essentially stood down except in a few cases of self-defence against US and British air strikes.
Most Iraqi Air Force aircraft in various conditions from being flyable to abandoned hulks (a large number were buried) were seized by the United States and its coalition partners, however it is known that Syrian and Iranian agents were busy removing radars and items from the avionics bays and cockpits.
By autumn 2004 only some 20–25 unserviceable wrecks of Iraqi aircraft and helicopters were left scattered around the many Iraqi airfields.
The destruction of the Iraqi Air Force was probably one of the most complete such actions in the history of military aviation.
They may form the organization of a new Iraqi Air Force equipped with surplus United States F-16, C-130 and other light aircraft.
Kwang Ju Air Base, Suwon Air Base and Taegu Air Base had previously been announced as ending operations, but would instead operate at reduced levels.
USAF aircraft transit each base, with the personnel providing transient support and maintain USAF equipment stored at each base in case of an emergency for reactivation in which ACC and other units would deploy to them.
Note: As part of a mutual defense pact, the Republic of China (Taiwan) permitted United States forces, to utilize many ROC bases between 1957–1979.
Deployments ended in 1979 as part of the drawdown of United States military forces in Asia after the end of the Vietnam War and the United States' transfer of diplomatic relations from the Republic of China (Taiwan) to the People's Republic of China in 1979.
** Note: Although active USAF use at U-Tapao ended in 1976, USAF and other DoD personnel have been temporarily deployed to the base for contingency operations in South Asia in the years since.
Also U-Tapao supports various Foreign Military Sales in South Asia and DoD military personnel assigned to United States diplomatic postings in the region.
Major-General Cyril Lloyd (14 April 1906 - 27 July 1989) was a senior British Army officer who served during the Second World War.
Educated at Brighton Grammar School and the University of Cambridge, Lloyd was commissioned into the Royal Artillery on 25 December 1929.
Posted to 57th Field Regiment Royal Artillery, he was promoted to lieutenant on 25 December 1932 and to captain on 8 March 1935.
Lloyd saw action as a staff officer with the temporary rank of major serving with 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division as part of the British Expeditionary Force in France at the start of the Second World War.
He became Deputy Assistant Adjutant General to the General Staff of the Canadian Forces in July 1940 in which role he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1943 New Year Honours.
Lloyd became Assistant Director of Military Survey at the War Office in October 1943 and, after being promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel on 27 January 1944, he became Deputy Chief of Staff for 21st Army Group in April 1944.
In this role he took part in the Normandy landings for which he was advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
Lloyd went on to be Director of Army Education in December 1944, in which role he was promoted to full colonel on 11 April 1945 and to major-general on 2 July 1946.
After leaving the army he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1948 New Year Honours.
Lloyd went on to become Director-General of the City and Guilds of London Institute in 1949 and Chairman of the Associated Examining Board in 1970 before retiring in 1976.
Lloyd was a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths and received the Freedom of the City of London on 27 June 1949.
The 2013 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 12–14 July at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
On 15 January 2020, it was announced that he had been internally selected by the broadcaster MRT to represent North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
Myfanwy Ann Matthews (born 29 December 1975 in Dubbo, New South Wales), is a former Australian athlete who competed in archery.
He played in the United States between 2014 and 2016 for San Jac Ravens and between 2016 and 2018 for Rutgers Scarlet Knights.
It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, at depths of no less than in rocky areas, off the coasts of Sierra Leone and Guinea.
The young couple had a son, Jean-Baptiste Hippolyte Barrez, (born 22 April 1820) who also become a dancer and dance teacher to Spanish dancer Lola Montez.
In the spring of 1844, he was called to Madrid, where he worked as a ballet master at the Teatro del Circo and shared the stage with Marie Guy-Stéphan, Clara Galby, Clotilde Laborderie, Ernest Gontié and Marius Petipa.
In 1847, he was hired as a ballet master at the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels, a position he only occupied for one season.
The 1992 Perth and Kinross District Council election took place on the 7 May 1992 to elect members of Perth and Kinross District Council, as part of that years Scottish local elections.
Dependency networks (DNs) are graphical models, similar to Markov networks, wherein each vertex (node) corresponds to a random variable and each edge captures dependencies among variables.
In a Bayesian network, the Markov blanket of a node is the set of parents and children of that node, together with the children's parents.
However, its children's parents also have to be included in the Markov blanket, because they can be used to explain away the node in question.
In particular, they are easier to parameterize from data, as there are efficient algorithms for learning both the structure and probabilities of a dependency network from data.
Nonetheless, it is possible to construct non-consistent dependency networks, i.e., dependency networks for which there is no compatible valid joint probability distribution.
A consistent dependency network for a set of random variables formula_1 with joint distribution formula_2 is a pair formula_3 where formula_4 is a cyclic directed graph, where each of its nodes corresponds to a variable in formula_5, and formula_6 is a set of conditional probability distributions.
It comes from observation that the local distribution for variable formula_7 in a dependency network is the conditional distribution formula_14, which can be estimated by any number of classification or regression techniques, such as methods using a probabilistic decision tree, a neural network or a probabilistic support-vector machine.
Hence, for each variable formula_7 in domain formula_16, we independently estimate its local distribution from data using a classification algorithm, even though it is a distinct method for each variable.
For each variable formula_7 in formula_5, a probabilistic decision tree is learned where formula_7 is the target variable and formula_20 are the input variables.
Then, each leaf node in the tree is replaced with a binary split on some variable formula_22 in formula_20, until no more replacements increase the score of the tree.
A probabilistic inference is the task in which we wish to answer probabilistic queries of the form formula_24, given a graphical model for formula_5, where formula_26 (the 'target' variables) formula_27 (the 'input' variables) are disjoint subsets of formula_5.
A naive approach for this uses an ordered Gibbs sampler, whose an important difficult is that if either formula_24 or formula_30 is small, then many iterations are required for an accurate probability estimate.
Another approach for estimating formula_24 when formula_30 is to use modified ordered Gibbs sampler, where it fix formula_33 during Gibbs sampling.
So, the law of total probability along with the independencies encoded in a dependency network can be used to decompose the inference task into a set of inference tasks on single variables.
You can see below an algorithm that can be used for obtain formula_36 for a particular instance of formula_37 and formula_38, where formula_26 and formula_27 are disjoint subsets.
In addition to the applications to probabilistic inference, the following applications are in the category of Collaborative Filtering (CF), which is the task of predicting preferences.
Dependency networks are a natural model class on which to base CF predictions, once an algorithm for this task only needs estimation of formula_58 to produce recommendations.
Olga Kazakova (; born May 30, 1968 in the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye, in the Soviet Union) is a Russian politician, was the Minister of Culture of the Stavropol Krai, since 2012, deputy of the State Duma, First Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Culture.
Born in the family of an officer in the Soviet army, she lived with her family in the city of Lugansk, Ukrainian SSR.
From 2000 to 2003, an assistant to a deputy of the city parliament of the city of Stavropol, executive director of the Slavyansk Sports Center.
From 2003 to 2009, he was the head of the youth affairs department of the Administration of the city of Stavropol.
May 22, 2012, deputy of the State Duma of the sixth convocation of the United Russia fraction on the All-Russia People's Front quota from the Stavropol Territory, member of the State Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children.
In 2016, according to the primaries of United Russia, it took 1st place (78% of the vote) in the single-member constituency.
In this first live show the couples will dance in groups and each couple got points by the judges and the viewers.
Landry is credited for the creation of an alternative method for stem cell extraction - using dead embryos rather than live ones - which became central to the George W. Bush Administration’s policy decisions on the topic.
He is also known for identifying a vasopressin deficiency in vasodilatory shock, leading to the current clinical use of vasopressin to treat septic shock and vasodilatory shock.
Additionally, he has created a variety of other advancements in medical treatment, introducing renal replacement therapy to treat renal failure, and anti-cocaine antibodies.
Landry’s scientific and medical innovations have been recognized through various awards, including the Presidential Citizens Medal in 2009 and his induction into the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame in 2016.
Dr. Landry is a member of the American Chemical Society, the New York Academy of Sciences, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the Practitioners Society of New York, and the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
from Lafayette College, received his medical degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and received his doctorate in organic chemistry from Harvard University.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
She placed seventh at the novice level at the Chu-Shikoku-Kyushu Regional in 2014, and thus failed to advance to the 2014–15 Japan Championships.
Yoshida / Sugiyama were fourth at the 2016–17 Japan Junior Championships and won the advanced novice gold medal at the 2017 Mentor Toruń Cup.
Yoshida teamed up with Shingo Nishiyama in early 2019 and moved to train with him and his coaches at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club in Canada in February 2019.
In their first season as a partnership, Yoshida / Nishiyama placed sixth at both 2019 JGP United States and 2019 JGP Italy.
They then won gold at the Western Sectional and advanced to the 2019–20 Japan Junior Championships, where they again won gold, ahead of Ayumi Takanami / Yoshimitsu Ikeda.
At the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, Yoshida / Nishiyama placed sixth in the ice dance event with a new personal best, following a sixth-place rhythm dance and a fourth-place free dance.
They were chosen by draw to be part of Team Courage for the mixed-NOC team event, alongside singles' skaters Arlet Levandi of Estonia and Ksenia Sinitsyna of Russia and pairs team Alina Butaeva / Luka Berulava of Georgia.
Yoshida / Nishiyama won the free dance portion of the team event, ahead of both the silver and bronze medalists from the individual ice dance event, to help Team Courage win the gold medal.
The cab is mounted very low and forward, allowing a step up from the ground to the cab floor of only .
With a stand-up right-side (curb) driving position the driver can get in and out easily to move bins and load loose material.
Mack powered axles have the drive carrier on top of the housing instead of the front of it like other manufacturers.
This lets the driveshafts be in line from the transmission to and between the axles at a higher level above the ground.
The container is then lifted up and over the cab to be dumped into a hopper on the top of the body.
They either have a hopper on the side or pick up a bin and dump it into a hopper on the top of the body.
She represented the country at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's shot put F53 event with a throw of 4.76 metres.
In 2002, Cosens joined the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences at San Francisco State University (SFSU) as an assistant professor of environmental studies.
She spent two years at SFSU before joining the University of Idaho College of Law as a full-time permanent faculty member.
A few years later, she accepted a visiting scholar position at the University of New Mexico School of Law to focus on water resources management.
Her acceptance was, in part, based on her Social-ecological System Resilience, Climate Change, & Adaptive Water Governance project which focused on law regarding adaptive water governance.
On October 5, 2016, Cosens joined researchers at Washington State University to study water management and how law treats in-stream flows and water transfers.
The Girls' U16 Youth European Volleyball Championship is a sport competition for volleyball national teams with players under 16 years, currently held biannually and organized by the European Volleyball Confederation, the volleyball federation from Europe.
A Chinese almond biscuit or Chinese almond cookie (杏仁餅) is a type of Chinese pastry that is made with ground mung bean.
It was originally made without almond, and the name refers to the almond shape of the original biscuit, but now the Chinese almond biscuit is usually round-shaped and often contains almond.
In Macau, the snack has been one of the most popular specialty products, especially near the Ruins of the Cathedral of St. Paul, streets are packed with 10 to 20 stores, all selling different flavors of almond biscuits next to one another.
Elections to the West Lothian District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Salamone is the founder of Saladax Biomedical, Inc. His contributions to diagnostic medicine have been recognized through several awards, including the Ben Franklin Innovation Award and the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame in 2016.
Salamone earned two bachelor’s degrees from Villanova University, a master’s and a PhD degree from Rutgers University and was a Science Engineering Research Council (SERC) Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Oxford, UK.
The Rachka River () is a small river located in the Basmanny and Tagansky Districts, in the Central Administrative Okrug, in the center of Moscow and a former left tributary of the Moskva River.
Bell was born in Dublin and after taking art lessons in that city appears to have moved to England, sometime before 1896 when she is known to have been teaching modelling at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London.
Between 1896 and 1912 she exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy in London and also exhibited at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.
The Well-Being Index is an online self-assessment tool invented by researchers at Mayo Clinic that measures mental distress and well-being in seven-nine items.
The Well-Being Index is an anonymous tool that allows participants to reassess on a monthly basis, track their well-being scores over time, compare their results to peers' and national averages, and access customized resources based on their assessment results.
The Well-Being Index takes around one minute to complete and measures six dimensions of distress and well-being specific to the Well-Being Index version.
The Well-Being Index was invented by Dr. Liselotte (Lotte) N. Dyrbye, MD, MHPE and Dr. Tait Shanafelt, MD of Mayo Clinic.
In 2015, Mayo Clinic licensed the Well-Being Index to Corporate Web Services, Inc. to develop the interactive web application and offer the tool to organizations around the world.
The interactive online tool is also free for individuals to assess their personal well-being and access the national resources in the tool.
Organizations that license the Well-Being Index are able to view de-identified aggregate data from participant responses and input local custom resources into the tool.
This version of the Well-Being Index has been validated as a useful screening tool to measure likelihood of burnout, severe fatigue, prevalence of suicidal ideation, risk of medical error, meaning in work, and work-life integration among APPs.
The assessment consists of nine-items and measures six dimensions of distress and well-being, including quality of life, meaning in work, likelihood of burnout, severe fatigue, work-life integration, and suicidal ideation.
The MSWBI consists of seven items and is a version of the Well-Being Index designed to assess psychological distress in medical students.
The MSWBI measures similar dimensions of distress and well-being as other versions of the Well-Being Index but includes dropout risk as a unique dimension.
The Nurse Well-Being Index is a nine-item assessment that measures likelihood of burnout, severe fatigue, suicidal ideation, quality of life, meaning in work, and work-life integration.
This version of the Well-Being Index has been validated in stratifying distress and well-being and identifying the risk of reduced quality of care among U.S. nurses.
It is designed as a brief screening tool for physicians in all specialties and measures the following six dimensions of distress and well-being: Likelihood of burnout, severe fatigue, suicidal ideation, risk of medical error, meaning in work, and work-life integration.
This version consists of seven items that measure risk of medical error, sense of meaning in work, quality of life, suicidal ideation, severe fatigue, and likelihood of burnout.
The nine-item versions contain an additional two Likert scale items that add or subtract points from the score of the first seven items.
Drew B. Tipton is an American lawyer from Texas who is an announced nominee to be a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.
Tipton graduated from Angleton High School, earned his Bachelor of Arts from Texas A&M University, and his Juris Doctor from South Texas College of Law.
After graduating law school, Tipton served as a law clerk to Judge John D. Rainey of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.
Since 1999, he has been a partner at BakerHostetler in Houston, Texas, where his practice focuses on complex labor and employment and trade secret litigation.
On January 15, 2020, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Tipton to serve as a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.
The Boys' U17 Youth European Volleyball Championship is a sport competition for volleyball national teams with players under 17 years, currently held biannually and organized by the European Volleyball Confederation, the volleyball federation from Europe.
As was usual for such women's weeklies the formulation was to cover society gossip and domestic tips along with short stories, dress patterns, recipes and competitions.
Stopa tried to shoot her lover's wife at her home in Palos Park, but accidentally shot and killed their 65-year old gardener, Henry Manning.
St. Wolstan's Priory is located on the eastern edge of Celbridge, on the south bank of the River Liffey; it lies southeast of Castletown House and about east-northeast of Celbridge's Main Street.
The priory was founded in 1202 (or, according to William of Ware, 1205) by Adam de Hereford, one of the Anglo-Norman leaders of the Norman conquest of Ireland.
It was founded for canons of the order of St Victor and was named after the recently canonised Saint Wulfstan (died 1095).
In 1271 William de Mandesham, seneschal to Fulk Basset, Archbishop of Dublin, granted to the priory the lands of Tristildelane, modern Castledillon.
It was the first monastery in Ireland to be suppressed and the last prior, Richard Weston, was granted a room in the monastery and supplied with food and fuel for the rest of his life.
Nadia E. Brown is an American political scientist, currently a University Scholar and professor of Political Science and African American Studies at Purdue University, where she is also affiliated with the department of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies.
Brown is a scholar of American politics whose work focuses on identity politics, legislative studies, and Black women’s studies, using the theory of intersectionality to study topics across multiple disciplines.
She chose to study political science because of an interest in how power is distributed in society, and particularly how Black women engage in political activity.
From 2010 to 2013, she was a professor of political science and African American studies, and affiliated with women's studies, at St. Louis University.
DuBois Distinguished Book Award, as well as awards from Purdue University and the Association for the Study of Black Women and Politics.
She has published in The Washington Post, the Huffington Post, and OZY, and been cited in outlets like The New York Times and The Washingtonian.
The Penn Valley Redevelopment Project was a 1971 plan to demolish homes in Kansas City’s Valentine Neighborhood and to replace them with a multimillion-dollar office and residential complex.
The case was presented to the Kansas City City Plan Commission on April 1, 1971 and was unanimously defeated despite approval by the city staff.
Bixby also mentioned that he believed the creation of Penn Valley Community College in 1969 foreshadowed that the area would become more commercial.
On September 7, 1972, a lawsuit was filed by Cigas and six others alleging that Kansas City Life perpetrated a scheme of buying property and allowing them to deteriorate and then demolishing them leaving vacant spaces throughout the area.
The suit further charged that Kansas City Life falsely stated that the Valentine neighborhood was a blighted, unsanitary, crime-ridden, deteriorated area and as a result, homeowners were unable to use their property as security for mortgage loans.
In 1984, Miller Nichols, Chairman of the J.C. Nichols Company, commented that he saw a need for more executive homes in the midtown Kansas City area because of plans by several developers to construct office space.
Joseph R. Bixby, President of Kansas City Life, built a large Spanish-style home at 3530 Pennsylvania, across from the Kansas City Life headquarters.
One might speculate that it was a show home for such a plan, but it was actually built several years before Nichols' remarks.
When the Valentine Neighborhood Association was created, the western boundary was Southwest Trafficway, the eastern boundary was Pennsylvania Avenue, the northern boundary was 33rd Street and the southern boundary was Valentine Road.
The VNA has since expanded its eastern boundary to Broadway Blvd, and its northern boundary to 31st Street to include Penn Valley Community College.
Both the Panhandle Eastern Building (later bought by MGE) and the Broadway-Valentine Shopping Center (now called the Uptown Shoppes) began redevelopment projects in 2019 to convert them to mixed-use residential and small retail.
Dorrigo Shire was abolished on 1 January 1957 and split between Bellingen Shire and the newly created Coff's Harbour Shire .
After women won the right to vote, she was appointed to serve on the cabinet in the Department of Public Education.
Graciela Bográn Rodríguez was born on 19 October 1896 in San Nicolás, Santa Bárbara, Honduras to Petrona Rodríguez and Marco Antonio Bográn.
Her family descended from Romain Beuagrand (Román Bográn), a French colonel from Brittainy, who arrived in Honduras in the early 19th century, and through him was related to both presidents Luis Bográn and Francisco Bográn.
After completing her primary education, Bográn graduated from the Escuela Normal de Señoritas (Ladies Normal School) in 1914 and began working as a teacher.
Most Honduran women in the 1920s and 1930s, were not supporters of women's enfranchisement as it did not have a historic basis in the Honduran culture, where social and economic subordination were seen more as a class struggle, or simply accepted.
This changed in the 1940s, when Bográn and other feminists saw the advantages to voting as a means to bring more democratic governance to the country.
Because she was working as a labor organizer in the northern part of the country, she was suspected of teaching communist doctrine as an agent for Vicente Lombardo Toledano, a Mexican Marxist labor leader.
That same year, she and Rodolfo Pastor Zelaya, a founder of the Revolutionary Democratic Party of Honduras led a pro-democracy demonstration in San Pedro Sula in protest to the arrests of citizens calling for the ouster of President Tiburcio Carías Andino.
The right to vote in Honduras was secured for literate women in 1955 and women were able to vote the following year for the first time.
Tracie D. Hall is a librarian, author, and advocate for the arts, who is the incoming Executive Director of the American Library Association, succeeding Mary Ghikas.
In libraries, Hall was VP of the Queens Public Library, and Assistant Dean of Dominican University Graduate School of Library and Information Science.
The Reichstag Bloodbath () occurred on January 13, 1920, in front of the Reichstag building in Berlin during negotiation by the Weimar National Assembly on the Works Council Act ().
The event was a historic event from which was overshadowed two months later by the Kapp Putsch but remained in Berlin's labour movement and security forces' collective memory.
The left-wing German political parties the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and Communist Party of Germany (KPD) backed the workers who wanted unrestricted organizing powers.
Between September 1919 and January 1920, the Reich Government, which was led by the Social Democrats and in continued cooperation with the Army Command, was specially set up in Berlin to protect the existing order, because the existing Berlin police force during the November Revolution and during the Spartacus uprising had failed.
Smaller Sipoverbände with machine guns were stationed in the Reichstag building, bigger front of the entrance of the building at King Square and along Samson Street.
On January 13th, starting at around 12 noon, most of the large companies in Berlin stopped working; these include, for example, AEG, Siemens, Daimler and Knorr-Bremse.
The workers moved to the inner city on Königsplatz in front of the Reichstag, but many only came to the adjacent side streets due to the crowds.
Before the President of the Reichstag, Fehrenbach, opened at 3:19 PM, demonstrators in several places had begun to taunt Sipo men, to push them away, this quickly escalated into groups of protestors disarming and abusing the Sipo guards.
Conversely, the police fought back with the pistol blows of their carbines; but individual officers were reprimanded by their superiors for these actions.
In the meantime, the USPD MPs in the plenary either asked for the Sipo to be withdrawn from the building or for the debate to be closed.
MPs who were now watching the tumult on the Königsplatz from the windows of the Reichstag were threatened with revolvers by excited demonstrators.
Members of the metalworkers' union immediately took the gun from the gunman - apparently captured by the Sipo - and beat him up.
One version, represented among others by the then Chancellor Gustav Bauer, blamed the escalation on the demonstrators and especially the organizers.
According to this, around 4:00 p.m. demonstrators tried to enter the building, whereupon the Sipo on Königsplatz opened fire and threw hand grenades at the rally participants.
Almost all the dead and injured were found south of the Reichstag, on the opposite sidewalk and in the adjacent zoo, according to reports from various sides.
After the shots broke out the crowd fled in panic, the Sipo fired several more minutes with their rifles and machine guns.
The figures for the victims vary between 42 dead and 105 injured on the part of the demonstrators and around 20 dead, including one police officer, and around 100 injured, including 15 police officers.
Only a tiny minority supported the request, but stormy protests by the USPD led to another interruption at 4:37 p.m. After the reopening at 5:09 p.m. Fehrenbach, who had now taken note of the fatalities, closed the trial at 5:11 p.m.
From 2007 to 2012, he was the Executive Director of INSEAD’s eLab, managing INSEAD’s teams in Paris, Singapore and Abu Dhabi.
He holds a BA in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Valenciennes (France), an MBA from Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Paris, and a PhD in Economics from the University of Paris (La Sorbonne) in France.
Since 1998, Lanvin has published a significant number of articles on the international aspects of e-commerce, e-government, the new economy and efforts to bridge the so-called ‘digital divide’, and national knowledge/IT strategies.
Since 2002, he has been co-authoring the Global Information Technology Report co-published with the World Economic Forum) and the Global Innovation Index (co-published with the World Intellectual Property Organization).
Lanvin is also a member of numerous boards, including that of The Mohammed Bin Rashid Centre of Government Innovation in Dubai, ICANN, and the Government Technology Agency of Singapore.
Roxsolt Attaquer is an Australian road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2016.
Multum Accountants–LSK Ladies Cycling Team is a Belgian road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2012.
During the first challenge, regularly with a duration of three hours, each contestant must create a dessert following the theme and rules given by the judges at the beginning.
They also declare those who were safe from the second phase and the two bakers who will go to the second phase or elimination round.
John Catalano (born November 3, 1949) is an American Republican Party politician, who has served in the New Jersey General Assembly since 2020, where he represents the 10th Legislative District.
In March 2019, Catalano was selected by acclimation by the Ocean County Republican Party to receive the official party line for the 10th district's second assembly seat, after David W. Wolfe announced that he would be leaving the assembly after 28 years in office.
Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly.
The story follows the interactions of 16-year-old Hana Nonomura and 26-year-old Takane Saibara after Hana takes her sister's place in an arranged marriage meeting with Takane.
Hana Nonomura takes the place for her older sister in an arranged marriage meeting with Takane Saibara, the heir to the Takaba conglomerate where her father works.
Despite his wealth and handsome exterior, Takane is actually rude and arrogant, which leads Hana to immediately end the meeting by throwing her disguise in his face.
However, Takane is amused by Hana's disillusionment with him, and continues to pursue her even after learning that she is in fact not her adult sister.
Takane tries to woo Hana by constantly taking her to fancy restaurants, elaborate trips, and buying opulent gifts as he pompously works to get her to cave into him and his lifestyle.
Pearson founded it in January 1894 and the magazine ran until 1958 when it was taken over by sister title Woman’s Own.
While studying at Oxford, Gilroy made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1909.
Gilroy served in the British Army during the First World War with the Black Watch, being commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in August 1914, with promotion to temporary lieutenant in February 1915.
Gilroy was wounded in action at Longueval during the Battle of the Somme on 14 July 1916, dying from his wounds the following day.
Mark O. Gottlieb is an American literary agent for writers and illustrators in fiction, nonfiction, children’s literature, graphic novels and other genres.
He's known for representing figures such as Lesley Kagen, James Breakwell, Christopher Brown (author), Christopher Hinz, Andrew Klavan, William F. Nolan, Joe Coleman (painter) and Kate Moretti.
He has lectured and commented widely on publishing, author rights and the place of literature in the contemporary period of history.
After a year of working at Penguin Group USA as a production assistant to the vice president, Mark Gottlieb later joined Trident Media Group.
Before becoming a literary agent in 2013, he first filled the roles of foreign rights assistant to the director of foreign rights, executive assistant to the chairman, and audio rights agent in the company.
He has represented various genres such as debut fiction, mystery/crime, science fiction, fantasy, thriller, women’s fiction, young adult, graphic novel and more.
He is related to Japanese ballerina Akane Takada through his mother's side and has worked with her on improving body movement.
Nishiyama moved to Canada alone at age 14 to train with Brian Orser, Tracy Wilson, and Ghislain Briand at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club, despite not knowing the language.
After he suffered a hip injury in the fall of 2018 and was unable to practice jumps, another coach at the club, Andrew Hallam, suggested that he consider switching to ice dance.
Nishiyama teamed up with Utana Yoshida in early 2019, and she moved to train with him and his coaches at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club in Canada in February 2019.
In their first season as a partnership, Yoshida / Nishiyama placed sixth at both 2019 JGP United States and 2019 JGP Italy.
They then won gold at the Western Sectional and advanced to the 2019–20 Japan Junior Championships, where they again won gold, ahead of Ayumi Takanami / Yoshimitsu Ikeda.
At the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, Yoshida / Nishiyama placed sixth in the ice dance event with a new personal best, following a sixth-place rhythm dance and a fourth-place free dance.
They were chosen by draw to be part of Team Courage for the mixed-NOC team event, alongside singles' skaters Arlet Levandi of Estonia and Ksenia Sinitsyna of Russia and pairs team Alina Butaeva / Luka Berulava of Georgia.
Yoshida / Nishiyama won the free dance portion of the team event, ahead of both the silver and bronze medalists from the individual ice dance event, to help Team Courage win the gold medal.
Her academic focus are in the areas of African History, Childhood and Youth Studies, Social Reform in Africa, Urban History, Girl Studies, Women's Studies, and Migration Studies.
Her research and teaching interests are in the areas of African urban history, history of childhood and youth in Africa, and women, gender, and sexuality in African History.
George has published widely on subjects such as girlhood in African/colonial cities, urbanism and social reform in colonial Africa, among others.
Her forthcoming or ongoing works explores, among others, issues relating to migrants and urbanism in nineteenth-century Lagos, as well as the place of identity politics in Brazilian Architecture in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Lagos.
George maintains faculty affiliations with the Africana Studies Program at Barnard, the Institute for African Studies at Columbia (IAS), the Barnard Center for Research on Women (BCRW), and the Center for the Critical Analysis of Social Difference (CCASD).
She is a member of the following professional organizations: African Studies Association, Society for the History of Childhood and Youth, and Nigerian Studies Association where she is the current President.
She is equally a member of the Board of Directors of the Lagos Studies Association, of which, together with Saheed Aderinto and Ademide Adelusi-Adeluyi, she is a foundation member.
For instance, the 2018 Lagos Photo Festival featured George's audio piece project which reworks the archives of a court case from the late 1800s in Lagos, Nigeria.
Along with the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B – which Cruzeiro will play for the first time in their history after being relegated in the 2019 season –, the club will also compete in the Campeonato Mineiro and in the Copa do Brasil.
On 3 October 2019, the Brazilian Football Confederation announced that the 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B will be played between 2 May and 28 November.
Peter David Freyne (November 18, 1949 – January 7, 2009) was an American political journalist and columnist from the United States state of Vermont.
Norma Wynick Goldman (March 30, 1922 – October 1, 2011) was an American classics scholar, author, professor at Wayne State University, and president of the Detroit Classical Association.
Her works include textbooks of the Latin language as well as studies of Roman lamps, the architecture of the Janiculum Hill in Rome, and Roman costumes.
She began her undergraduate studies at Wayne State University in 1939, graduated in 1944 with both bachelor's and master's degrees, as well as a teaching certificate, and in the same year married art historian Bernard Goldman.
After completing her doctorate, she taught in the Greek and Latin department at Wayne State University until 1993, when instead of retiring she moved to the Department of Interdependency.
In 2003 she founded the Society of Active Retirees with the goal of encouraging retired people to return to the classroom.
The Classical Association of the Middle West and South gave her their Ovatio award in 1988, and the American Classical League gave her their Merita award in 2006.
Noah Nelms (born July 30, 1996), better known under the ring name Marko Stunt, is an American professional wrestler currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW).
In a video interview by Chris Van Vliet, Nelms revealed that due to his father's role as a pastor, Nelms and his family lived in several different states in the lower mid-south as well as Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
During his later teen years, Nelms won his schools talent show and also found small success doing guitar covers on YouTube uploaded by his parents.
At Game Changer Wrestling's Joey Janela's Lost In New York, Stunt lost to KTB however this exposure and his performance was popular with online wrestling fans.
In September 2018, Stunt competed for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla's Battle of Los Angeles where he was eliminated in the first round by Trevor Lee.
Marko Stunt made his All Elite Wrestling debut at the inaugural AEW Double or Nothing as part of the Casino Battle Royal entering after drawing spades.
Jurassic Express were announced for the Inaugural tournament for the AEW World Tag Team Championships to take on the Lucha Brothers in the first round.
Growing up Big Show was Nelms's favorite wrestler and his influences include Rey Mysterio, Kane, Chris Jericho, Eddie Guerrero and The Undertaker.
This is a list of the 2020 Professional Darts Corporation calendar of events with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage where applicable.
It includes some regional tours, such as the ones in North American, Asian and Oceanic regions, but does not include British Darts Organisation (BDO) or World Darts Federation (WDF) events.
Pitcher founded the Northfleet Shipyard in 1788, which he owned until 1816, when the business was taken over by his sons Henry Jones Pitcher and William Pitcher.
The Northfleet Shipyard was one of the largest on the Thames, where Pitcher and Sons built East Indiamen and warships for the Royal Navy.
STAR was founded by Sandy Walker and Steve Pidcock, and began with a two-week trial broadcast from 28 February to 13 March 2005, using the cloakroom of the Students' Association building as a studio.
This required around £3,000 of funding, much of which came from the Rector's Charitable Fund, following the support of Clement Freud, then Rector of the University of St Andrews.
For the second two-week broadcast, from 21 November to 4 December 2005, the station relocated to the former laundry room of the Students' Association building, and received verbal support from Zane Lowe and Brian Page (then Programme Director at Rock FM).
The station moved to the top floor of the Students' Association building in 2006, and soon moved away from FM broadcasts, instead focusing on internet radio.
Content varies significantly with each hour, due to the freeform style of programming, with all current students of the University of St Andrews being able to apply for their own weekly show.
He was born in Perthshire, grew up in Coupar Angus and worked as a heraldic artist before studying at the University of Edinburgh.
It is located west of Smithfield and just northwest of Piney Fork at the intersection of Piney Fork Road (County Route 11) and Newell Road (Township Route 134), at .
The 2020 Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC season is the club's twenty-first season of existence, their third season in the second tier of American soccer, and their tenth season in the league now named the USL Championship.
Magee attended Franklinton High School in Franklinton, Louisiana, joining the team the year after they won a Class 6A state title.
On April 25, 2017, Magee was arrested for burglary after he stole an XBox, video games, flip flops, a speaker, and cash, and he was indefinitely suspended.
After being reinstated to the football team, Magee earned his first start as a sophomore against Auburn and became a part of the rotation.
As a junior, Magee started the first game against Miami (Fla.) In the first quarter of the game, he injured his knee and missed a month of playing time.
He finished the season starting four games in three different positions, playing one game each at left and right tackle and two starts at left guard after Garrett Brumfield was hurt.
Despite preferring to play offensive tackle, Magee learned more about sliding inside and handling defensive lineman, citing it as important in his development.
By the start of preseason practice in 2019, Magee competed with Chasen Hines for the starting role at left guard, splitting time in the first game and Magee starting every game since.
It functions mainly as a Git repository browser, but can also assist in staging changes for commit at chunk level and act as a pager for output from various Git commands.
During the first challenge, regularly with a duration of three hours, each contestant must create a dessert following the theme and rules given by the judges at the beginning.
They also declare those who were safe from the second phase and the two bakers who will go to the second phase or elimination round.
Francesca Di Giovanni (born 24 March 1953), is an Italian lawyer who has worked in the Secretariat of State of the Holy See since 1993, where in January 2020 she became the first woman to hold a managerial position in that branch of the Roman Curia.
On 15 September 1993, she joined the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, where she worked in the field of multilateral relations.
Her responsibilities included refugee and migration issues as well as international human rights, communications, private law, the position of women, copyright issues, and tourism.
On 15 January 2020, Pope Francis appointed her an Undersecretary for Multilateral Affairs in the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State.
She is the first woman and the first lay person to hold a managerial position in the Secretariat of State, a position normally reserved for a member of the clergy.
Her responsibilities include the Holy See's interests in intergovernmental organizations and international treaties, while the bilateral sector is headed by another undersecretary, Mirosław Wachowski, a Polish cleric.
Liang Jun (; 1930 – 14 January 2020) was a female tractor driver who became a folk hero and model worker in Communist China.
Liang was born in 1930 in Mingshui County, Heilongjiang; her family were peasants and so gave her to a nearby landlord to be a child bride when she was twelve.
In 1948, the province began a tractor driving course, and Mengya was given three places for their students; Liang signed up, not knowing she was the only female until it began.
Liang is popularly seen as China's first female tractor driver, though this may not entirely be the case: before the PRC promoted Liang as such, other women may have been training to drive tractors in other parts of the country.
Her rise to notoriety involved stories spreading across the country that she, a woman, took tractors out to explore the wilderness.
Liang's story inspired other women to become tractor drivers, and the first all-female team was formed in 1950, with Liang made its leader.
In 1951, the local government funded Liang to receive further training from the newly-created Beijing Agricultural Machinery Academy, and the Beijing Agricultural Mechanization College in 1952.
Hamer-Webb was a pupil at Beechen Cliff School and had trials at Southampton, Bristol City and Yeovil Town football clubs before taking up a place on the school's Academic and Sporting Excellence (AASE) partnership with Bath Rugby.
He signed a senior academy contract with the club ahead of the 2019-20 season, and he made his debut in a Premiership Rugby Cup defeat against Exeter Chiefs on 21 September 2019.
He made his Premiership debut as a head injury replacement for Max Wright against Wasps on 2 November 2019, before scoring his first try for the club against Ulster in the European Rugby Champions Cup two weeks later.
On 10 January 2020, Alan Dickens named Hamer-Webb in his 32-man England squad for the 2020 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
She represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 70 kg event.
Following the end of the season, Cushenberry announced that he would forgo his final season to enter the 2020 NFL Draft.
The 1985 Southern 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on September 1, 1985, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina as race number 20 of 28 of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season.
It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, altered to accommodate the resident landowner who didn’t want his nearby minnow pond disturbed.
This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.
The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees.
Darlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track.
The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.
Dale Earnhardt had the dominent car of the race but on lap 317 he spun which not only brought out the caution flag but also damaged his engine which led to him dropping out of the race.
Cale Yarborough led until his car started billowing smoke from his power steering leading to one the races last caution flags leaving Bill Elliott in the lead and claiming the Winston Million.
Elizabeth Dwyer (born 7 October 1992), known online as LDShadowLady or Lizzie, is an English YouTuber known for producing YouTube video content on her YouTube channel called LDShadowLady.
The majority of her video content is based on the video game Minecraft and she gained popularity through various series she created and participated in, such as Shadowcraft, Crazy Craft 3.0, TrollCraft and One Life.
LDShadowLady is within the top 100 most subscribed channels in the United Kingdom and the top 2000 worldwide, she is also one of the top 200 biggest gaming channels.
As a child Lizzie had a cat called Giggsy who she was very close to, though sadly he went missing, and past, around 2010.
In 2013 Lizzie adopted a kitten who she called Buddy, and in 2017 Joel and Lizzie adopted an 8 week old Finnish Lapphund who they called Meri.
Bronschhofen AMP railway station () is a railway station in the village of Bronschhofen, part of the municipality of Wil, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
Church musicians began playing different Soul and Blues music-inspired chords, chord progressions, and musical riffs on pianos and Hammond organs that were improvised to imitate the voices of the preachers and the calls-and-responses of the congregations because it audibly sounded almost as if the preachers and congregations were singing.
Today, preaching chords have become a staple part of Baptist and Pentecostal musical worship, particularly in the Black Church tradition, and have become a staple part of Traditional Black Gospel music and Urban Contemporary Gospel music in the United States, and even in other countries as well where Black Gospel music and culture is prevalent among Black Christians, such as in different countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in Europe.
The song peaked at number 6 in the Netherlands, number 19 in Finland, number 22 in Belgium and number 44 in Sweden.
Tägerschen railway station () is a railway station in the village of Tägerschen, part of the municipality of Tobel-Tägerschen, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau.
Lorena Vindel began her artistic training at the Experimental Children's Music School in Tegucigalpa, and continued it at the National School of Music.
It was discovered in 1953 by Alberto Ercoli, S. Di Frisco, and Pietro de Ruggieri, who first isolated the molecule in the horse brain and then demonstrated its presence in the human brain.
24S-HC is produced by a hydroxy group substitution at carbon number 24 in cholesterol, catalyzed by the enzyme cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1).
24S-HC binds to apolipoproteins such as apoE, apoJ, and apoA1 to form HDL-like complexes which can cross the blood-brain barrier more easily than free cholesterol.
After entering general blood circulation and traveling to the liver, 24S-HC can be sulfated, glucuronidated, or converted into bile acids, which can ultimately be excreted.
24S-HC levels sensed by LXRs can regulate the expression of SREBP mRNA and protein, which in turn regulate cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis.
Regulation of 24S-HC metabolism in neurons may play a role in their health and function, as well as their response to injury or disease.
Blood plasma levels of 24S-HC may be altered after acute brain injuries such as stroke or in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
The power station is composed of two combined cycle natural gas-fired units (Units 2 and 3) and two fuel oil-fired units (Units 1 and 9), totalling an installed capacity of 2,608.9 MW.
Dr Eric Westbrook, CB, (1915–2005) was a British-born Australian artist, curator and gallery director of Auckland City Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Victoria.
In childhood, he accompanied is father, a businessman in the textile industry, on his travels in Europe and waiting for him in museums, an experience which made a lasting impression on his love of art and of galleries.
He was taught by Walter Sickert and Mark Gertler in painting courses at art schools including Battersea, Clapham and Westminster School of Art, and supported his studies by working as a telephone operator.
Despite being scholarship winner, he decided he could make a better contribution as a connoisseur than as a painter, and went to Paris in 1934, at age nineteen, to tour its galleries and to see contemporary art.
During WW2, and after graduating from art school, he was rejected for service in the infantry on the grounds of 'puniness' and instead worked in intelligence liaison and army education.
He took up art teaching after the war for the London County Council before being appointed art master at Ardingly College, Sussex.
This led to work for the Arts Council of Great Britain as one of four guide lecturers touring Britain with art exhibitions, and in another role he set up art education for the army and advised the YMCA Youth Clubs in Britain.
The exhibition attracted controversial attention when president of the Royal Academy of Arts Alfred Munnings in his 1949 radio-broadcast valedictory speech in 1949 attacked Modernism, identifying Moore as an offending artist.
This led three years later to Westbrook being invited to join the Fine Arts Department of the British Council as chief exhibitions officer, arranging traveling exhibitions on British to most European countries, and twice in charge of the British pavilion at the Venice Biennale.
While in Greece during one of these tours, he was informed that Auckland City Art Gallery was seeking a new director.
For the next four and a half years as director at Auckland he was innovative in exhibitions and expanding activities of the gallery in other arts by inaugurating poetry readings, concerts and summer schools, lecturing and broadcaster.
In 1955 with Daryl Lindsay’s impending retirement as director of the National Gallery of Victoria, Westbrook was invited to apply for the position and he was appointed on 1 January 1956, aged forty-one years, on a salary of £1,868 p.a.
Negotiating with a new Victorian Government, he worked to restructure the gallery and increase staffing, raising the profile of the Gallery through his lectures and on the media.
Study leave on a Carnegie Fellowship in 1965 led him in 1967 to establish the NGV voluntary guide service as an interactive and friendly means of introducing audiences to art in institutions which they may find daunting.
Westbrook retired from the National Gallery of Victoria in 1975 and until 1980 he headed the Victorian Ministry for the Arts, moving then with his second wife non-objective painter Dawn Sime to Castlemaine.
The 2020 SEC softball season began with practices in January 2020, followed by the start of the 2020 NCAA Division I softball season in February.
Conference will start in March 2020 and will conclude in May, followed by the 2020 Southeastern Conference Softball Tournament at Rhoads Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in May.
Märwil railway station () is a railway station in the village of Märwil, within the municipality of Affeltrangen, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau.
She is Associate Professor of Geography and the Environment at the University of the Fraser Valley and Director of the Food and Agriculture Institute.
She attended the University of British Columbia, where she received a BSc (Hons), and then completed an MES and PhD at York University.
She has conducted fieldwork around the globe, studying public markets, regional cuisines, farmland preservation, global food security, and the ecology of the world’s food system.
As Canada Research Chair in Food Security and the Environment she researches the impact of climate change on food security and global cuisines.
It explores regional food cultures across Canada, ultimately arguing for the existence of a distinctly Canadian cuisine and outlining the properties that define it.
In 2019 she was appointed to a Food Security Task Force with the mandate to advise the government on ways to apply technology and innovation to support the agricultural sector in British Columbia and to reduce food waste.
The Adaja is a river of Spain located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, a major left-bank tributary of the Douro.
It has its source in the so-called Fuente Berroqueña (Villatoro, province of Ávila), near the saddle point between and the Sierra de Ávila.
It receives the contribution of its most important tributary, the Eresma, near Matapozuelos, emptying in the Douro in the province of Valladolid.
Debut film earned her success as she was awarded Best actress in 27th Odisha State Film Awards presented by the Government of Odisha.
Barsha got her first film 'Tulasi Apa' directed by Amiya Patnaik after giving audition, while she was working for an IT Company in Hyderabad in 2015.The film is based on the life of social activist and Padma Shri awardee Tulasi Munda.
April Fool is a 2014 Telugu language film directed by Krishna Swamy Srikanth Iyengar and starring Ranadhir and Srushti Dange (in her Telugu debut) with Gulshan Grover playing a negative role.
Due to the presence of Jagapathi Babu and Bhumika, the film posters depicted them as the lead actor although they play cameos.
Oberaach railway station () is a railway station in the village of Oberaach, within the municipality of Amriswil, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau.
Stardust is a 1990 crime novel by crime writer Robert B. Parker, using his fictional private investigator Spenser as its protagonist.
The novel is about Spenser being paid to guard a television actress, Jill Joyce, who has been getting harassing phone calls.
Private investigator Spenser takes on a bodyguarding job, to protect a television actress, Jill Joyce, who has been getting harassing phone calls.
While at first there is speculation that the attractive, alcohol-loving star may be exaggerating the incidents for attention, Spenser realizes there is a serious danger when her stunt double is murdered.
Andreia Martins Faria (born 19 April 2000) is a Portuguese football player who plays for Benfica and for the Portugal women's national under-19 football team as a midfielder.
He represented Ukraine at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 66 kg event in 2012 and the bronze medal in the men's 66 kg event in 2016.
Serving as the 16th and 17th episodes of the fifth season, it was written by Blake Hunter, directed by Gerren Keith, and guest-stars Gordon Jump as a bicycle shop owner who tries to engage in sexual activity with Arnold Jackson and his friend Dudley Ramsey (Shavar Ross).
The Drummonds and Jacksons are acquaintances with Mr. Horton, who owns a bicycle shop from which the family regularly rents bikes from.
Arnold Jackson is interested in buying a bike, but there is skepticism from his father, Phillip Drummond, as well as his siblings, Willis Jackson and Kimberly Drummond.
However, Arnold's pleading plus a deal to purchase a bicycle for a third lower than the actual price offered by Horton influences Phillip to buy it for his son's birthday.
Arnold comes home later than usual that night, which is noticed by Phillip as well as Kimberly and Willis; however, Arnold's lie about getting pretzels before he got home is enough for his relatives to think little of it.
Arnold brings Dudley to his next private meeting with Horton, but it is too rainy for Arnold to ride around the park.
Arnold then realizes the possibility of his father smelling wine breath on him; despite chewing a mouth-full of mint gum offered by Horton to hide the scent, the plan fails, as Kimberly and Willis notice the smells.
This forces Arnold to confess that Mr. Horton offered him the wine, along with the other graphic content he showed Arnold and Dudley.
This plus revealing that Dudley is still at the shop triggers Phillip into action, calling the police to raid the place.
The second part of the episode concludes with Bain, via voice-over, instructing viewers to contact law enforcement or social service agencies if there is suspicion of child sex abuse.
Later in 1983, a nine-year-old kid in La Porte, Indiana viewed a re-run of the episode, which influenced him to inform his mother about a man doing inappropriate behavior around the area; he was arrested by police in September, and LaPorte police credited the episode for the arrest.
The first-seeds Jack Crawford and Harry Hopman successfully defended their title by defeating Tim Fitchett and Jack Hawkes 8–6, 6–1, 2–6, 6–3 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1930 Australian Championships.
decided that in case of events for which there were more than the number of entries acceptable, a preliminary elimination tournament should be played.
On November 2018, Wisniewski won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 3, seat B. Wisniewski defeated Dan Hanks with 70.8% of the votes.
After graduating from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1984, he became a designer at China Helicopter Design and Research Institute.
He received his master's degree in mechanics from Northwestern Polytechnical University in 1990 and doctor's degree from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1993, respectively.
Gusen was a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp operated by the SS () between the villages of Sankt Georgen an der Gusen and Langestein in the Reichsgau Ostmark (currently Perg District, Upper Austria).
Conditions were worse than at the Mauthausen main camp due to the camp's purpose of extermination through labor of real and perceived enemies of Nazi Germany.
The life expectancy of prisoners was as short as six months, and at least 35,000 people died there from forced labor, starvation, and mass executions.
In order to expand armaments production, the camp was redesignated Gusen I, and additional camps, Gusen II and Gusen III, were built.
Prisoners were forced to construct vast underground factories, the main one being the , intended for the production of Messerschmitt 262 jet fighter aircraft.
The site of Mauthausen concentration camp was chosen in May 1938 by an SS delegation including Theodor Eicke and Oswald Pohl.
The quarries, one of which was located near the village of Sankt Georgen an der Gusen on land partly purchased and partly leased from firm, were controlled by the SS enterprise DEST.
The first and largest subcamp of Mauthausen, Gusen began in December 1939 with a work detail of 10 or 12 German and Austrian prisoners who were assigned to build barracks adjacent to the Gusen quarry, about from Mauthausen.
The camp was built to increase the productivity of workers at the quarry just north of the site, who otherwise had to walk from the Mauthausen main camp and back again, reducing their productive hours.
Of all the quarries near Mauthausen, Gusen produced most of the architectural quality granite; it also produced freestone, paving stone, and gravel which was sold by DEST.
The prisoners were not given coats or gloves, and were not allowed to access the fires lit by kapos and SS guards.
The camp was directly adjacent to the road between Sankt Georgen an der Gusen and nearby Langenstein; former prisoners recalled Austrian children passing by on the way to school.
In 1940 and 1941, the average life expectancy was six months, and the average weight of prisoners in 1940–1942 was .
The main purpose of the camp was extermination through labor of real and perceived political enemies of the Reich, rather than exploitation of their economic potential through slave labor, so mortality rates were higher than at most concentration camps.
Work in the quarries, which was specifically intended to cause the death of prisoners, continued until the end of the war despite the opening of war production.
The camp for prisoner accommodations was a rectangle, which covered and had 32 prisoner barracks, was surrounded by a barbed-wire fence.
The first commandant was Anton Streitwieser, who was dismissed in May 1940 for running an unauthorized pig farm and feeding the pigs with rations siphoned from the supply intended for prisoners.
From 25 May 1940 to October 1942 or January 1943, the SS commandant was Karl Chmielewski, who had been a member of the SS since 1932 and the camp SS since 1935.
Until 1943, Gusen was run more of a branch of the main camp than as a subcamp, although it had separate administrative departments, such as Political Department.
In addition to the barbed-wire fence, an additional stone wall high was built around it in 1941; patrols of guards went between the barriers.
SS physician Helmut Vetter, who arrived in 1944, conducted the tuberculosis experiments by injecting the lungs of healthy prisoners with phlegmonic pus.
The victims were then forced to run until they collapsed, at which point they were killed by benzene injection to the lungs, which prolonged death.
In 1942, a Nazi camp brothel opened at the camp in order to reduce the number of prisoner functionaries who were tempted to coerce young male inmates into sex.
Those unable to perform the task to SS satisfaction were immediately killed, a fate that befell 3,000 of the first 10,000 prisoners sent to Gusen.
After two Polish prisoners, Victor Lukawski and Franc Kapacki, escaped on 13 August 1940, the eight hundred prisoners in their work detail had to run carrying rocks and were beaten by SS guards.
Fourteen Polish prisoners died and so did Lukawski and Kapacki, who were beaten to death a few days later after being caught.
The Gusen crematorium, built by Topf and Sons and in use since late 1941, was under the command of Karl Wassner.
Prisoners unable to work and others the SS wanted to kill were forced to stand under cold showers until they died, which could take twenty minutes to two hours.
The first transport of Republican veterans of the Spanish Civil War arrived on 24 January 1941, and the 3846 Spaniards made up most of the arrivals in the first half of 1941.
Despite being targeted for excessive punishment by the SS guards—sixty percent died by the end of 1941, mostly in the quarries—the Spanish prisoners gained a reputation for solidarity.
Later in the war, French prisoners were sent to the camp under the Nacht und Nebel decree; some Allied aircrew shot down nearby were also imprisoned at the camp.
From 1943, the purpose of the camp was switched from quarrying to armaments production in vast underground factories, to protect the industrial output from Allied bombing.
Work on the tunnels was begun by the Kellerbau Kommando at the original Gusen camp, which had a high mortality rate.
By July 1944, 4,000 Gusen prisoners were working on aircraft production, and 77 trainloads of aircraft parts were exported each month.
Other prisoners produced rifles, machine guns, and airplane motors for Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG in 16 large warehouses northeast of the original Gusen camp.
In the tunnels, prisoners were supervised by Messerschmitt employees (engineers, foremen and skilled workers) who were forbidden to discuss the project with anyone on pain of death.
The space was to serve as an underground factory for Messerschmitt 262 jet fighter aircraft, sufficient to produce 1,250 fuselages per month along with the entire slat production necessary.
During air raids, Austrian civilians were ordered into the tunnels and were separated from the prisoners only by a wooden partition.
They had to spend up to 14 hours a day in transit or in the tunnels, where the dust was so thick that they had to use headlamps to use pneumatic drills.
They were quickly worn out by the dust and lack of oxygen such that 100 died in the tunnels each day.
Gusen II, which opened on 9 March, was close to the main camp, separated only by a potato field, and also located on the St. Georgen road.
Gusen III was north, near Lungitz; its 260 prisoners worked in a nearby brick factory and in manufacturing parts for Messerschmitt, in barracks rather than tunnels.
Despite the efforts of a dedicated counter-intelligence unit, reports of aircraft production at Gusen II were received by United States intelligence from the Austrian resistance on 3 December 1944.
About 4,000 Warsaw Uprising detainees were sent to Gusen in late 1944 and additional prisoners arrived due to the evacuation of concentration camps in early 1945 as Allied armies approached.
Overcrowding meant that there were three people to a bunk, and conditions were even worse in Block 31, where those suffering from dysentery were thrown on the floor and denied food.
In April 1945, Ziereis contemplated murdering the 40,000 prisoners at Gusen by trapping them in the tunnels and detonating them with dynamite.
Two of the five entrances of the Sandkeller tunnels at Gusen I were walled off and explosives placed at the entrances of the Kellerbau and Bergkristal tunnels.
More SS left the camp in groups on 3 May 1945, with the pretext of fighting the Soviet army, although most, in fact, hid in the surrounding woods and hills.
Most of the SS had left by the time elements of the United States 11th Armored Division arrived in the early morning of 5 May.
Staff Sergeant Albert J. Kosiek, in charge of a platoon in the 41st Cavalry Squadron, was ordered to investigate a suspected enemy strongpoint near Mauthausen, and to check the bridge near Gusen which was intended to be used by American tanks.
North of St. Georgen, Kosiek encountered a Red Cross representative who told him that there was a concentration camp at Mauthausen and 400 SS who wanted to surrender.
Because he did not have enough men to accept the SS surrender, Kosiek tested the bridge and bypassed Gusen II and Gusen I on the way to Mauthausen.
Many of the sickest prisoners had been sealed in barracks without food or water; when the American soldiers opened them it was rare to find more than one or two still alive.
Although German-speaking prisoners who had angered the numerically dominant Poles were at most risk of lynching, most prisoners were more interested in obtaining food than revenge, and most kapos escaped unmolested and were never held to account for their crimes.
On 8 May, Nazi party members were ordered to bury the dead in the potato field between Gusen I and II while local citizens were forced to watch.
On 27 July 1945, American troops retreated from the area according to the Yalta Agreement, taking with them all the unfinished aircraft from the tunnels.
The former site of Gusen I and II was redeveloped into a village and most of the concentration camp buildings were demolished.
, the Poschacher quarry adjacent to Gusen I was still in use, the former tunnels are privately owned and not open to the public, as is the entrance to Gusen I.
The memorial at Gusen, privately built, was acquired by the government in 1997 which has since maintained it and also built a small museum nearby in 2004.
In late 2019 and early 2020, the Polish government suggested that the Gusen village should be bought and additional efforts made to commemorate the victims of the camp.
Bad Ragaz railway station () is a railway station in the municipality of Bad Ragaz, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
Sexton competed internationally in moguls from age 19, first at Valmeinier, France in the European cup in 1998 and then in Switzerland and Germany the following year.
In the 2000–01 season she competed in world cup events in France, Canada, the USA and Japan, while in 2001 she competed in the world ski championships in Whistler, Canada in 2001.
The TransLatina Coalition, stylized as the TransLatin@ Coalition, is a national, Los Angeles-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit public charity advocacy group that works on behalf of transgender Latina women who are immigrants to the United States.
It established and runs the Center for Violence Prevention and Transgender Wellness and works with policymakers and organizations to advance advocacy and resource support for transgender Latinas.
Its staff consists of leaders from across the United States who have specific experience in meeting the needs of transgender Latinas intersecting with public health, education, and social justice, with representation in over 11 U.S. states, Washington D.C., and Mexico City, with over seven organized chapters.
The TransLatina Coalition began as a radical grassroots organization, founded by Bamby Salcedo and formed in collaboration with other trans activists and leaders in 2009.
Salcedo had been on the organizing committee for a statewide conference, and had request from the leadership a room in which to assemble other trans activists.
The grant helped further the SPUNK program's mission to support transgender women recently released from incarceration and immigration detention centers by way of individualized peer-led navigation through legal, housing, and healthcare systems.
It also helped SPUNK to offer trans women financial assistance, from housing, food vouchers, and public transit passes to life skills workshops, political advocacy and public speaking courses, sex education, and HIV/AIDS prevention education workshops.
The Arcus Foundation also gave the TransLatina Coalition a grant in 2016 to support the organization in its mission of fostering transgender justice.
In 2017, Bamby Salcedo, President and CEO of the TransLatina Coalition, was selected as a recipient of an Arcus Leadership Fellowship.
The center's opening was funded through a $1 million annual grant from the L.A. County Department of Public Health, with funds allocated to span between three and five years.
It was also made possible through further funding from the Elton John AIDS Foundation and partnerships with APAIT (Asian Pacific AIDS Intervention Team), Bienestar, the Los Angeles Children's Hospital, Friends Community Center, and the Los Angeles LGBT Center.
The same year, the City of Los Angeles Workforce Investment Board sponsored the coalition's trans workforce assessment as well as their workforce development innovation program.
The city body had previously allotted, through their AB 1111: Breaking Barriers to Employment Initiative Grant Program, a grant of $249,745.50 toward the TransLatina Coalition and the Los Angeles LGBT Center to boost employment services created for trans people in need.
Another initiative that received sponsorship was the coalition's Be DOWN leadership development program in Washington, D.C., this time made possible through AIDS United's Fund for Resilience, Equity, and Engagement (FREE).
In 2019, Gilead Sciences selected the TransLatina Coalition as one of 15 transgender advocacy organizations among which it would distribute its TRANScend™ Community Impact Fund, a $4.5 million donation.
The funds, a direct service grant, was a $100,000 grant to benefit the TransLatina Coalition's Helping Our People Evolve (HOPE) Housing Program, a transitional housing program which intersects with the objective of HIV prevention.
In November 2019, the coalition was honored as a Gender Justice Champion at Celebrating Our Power, a gala hosted by The Women's Foundation of California, at which Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti deliver one of two keynote addresses.
As of 2020, the coalition's services include but are not limited to leadership development, ESL classes, daily food distribution, and support to trans immigrants who have been detained by immigration enforcement.
Cities, states, and municipalities in participation include Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Houston, Texas; Atlanta, Georgia; Tucson, Arizona; Chicago, Illinois; New York, New York; and North Carolina.
Abu al-Thana' Mahmud b. Zayd al-Lamishi () was a Hanafi-Maturidi scholar from Transoxiana, who was alive in the late 5th and early 6th Islamic centuries.
Despite the value of his books, is not known for his publications and the books of tabaqat do not give much detail regarding his life.
It is sometimes assumed that he was a student of Imam Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi, though this is not known for sure.
His date of death is uncertain, but some reported that he died at the age of 81 during the month of Ramadan 522 A.H. (1128 A.C.).
Another, more likely, date for his death is given as in the early sixth century A.H./twelfth century C.E., which would make more sense.
Non-renewable power stations are those that run on coal, fuel oils, nuclear, natural gas, oil shale and peat, while renewable power stations run on fuel sources such as biomass, geothermal heat, hydro, solar energy, solar heat, tides, waves and the wind.
As of 2020 the largest power generating facility is the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station in Ontario and has an installed capacity of 6,430 MW.
List of former electrical generating facilities in Canada that had an installed capacity of at least 250 MW at the time of their decommissioning.
Xiang Changle (; born April 1963) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as vice-president and executive deputy secretary of Beijing Institute of Technology.
He earned his bachelor's degree in 1984, a master's degree in 1987, and a doctor's degree in 2001, all from Beijing Institute of Technology.
She represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and she won two medals: a bronze medal both in the women's +70 kg event in 2008 and in the women's +70 kg event in 2012.
It is located southeast of Hopedale and just east of Cherry Valley at the intersection of Ohio State Route 151 and Township Road 142A, at .
As of 1909, there was already a coal mine in operation here called the Wabash Mine owned by the Wabash Coal Company of Cleveland, with 76 employees.
By 1915, the mine had been renamed the Netta Mine and it was owned by the Netta Coal Company, also of Cleveland, with 84 employees working.
The series was won by Queensland, who took a 17–3 record into the final against Western Australia, before claiming their third title.
The Helms Award was given to a seventeen year old Dave Nilsson of Queensland, who signed with the Milwaukee Brewers early in 1987 and would go on to be an MLB All-Star.
She won a bronze medal on each occasion: in the women's 48 kg event in 2004, in the women's 48 kg event in 2008 and in the women's 48 kg event in 2012.
Xiao Longxu (; born June 1962) is a Chinese engineer and professor and chief designer at the Research Institute of People's Liberation Army Rocket Force.
The film was funded by the US State Dept under the Public Diplomacy Grant Initiative at the US Embassy in Kabul and Screen Australia.
The manufacturer offered several size variant of the slide, barrel and slide length to cover the different grip needs and change the overall pistol dimension.
Earl Forest (December 1, 1926 – February 26, 2003) was an American musician and a member of the Memphis-based R&B coalition called the Beale Streeters, which included Johnny Ace, Bobby Bland, Junior Parker, B.B.
By the late 1940's Forest was part of the network of musicians performing around Beale Street known as the Beale Streeters.
Scout and program director of WDIA, David James Mattis, would attend local shows and have musicians perform live at the radio station.
In 1952, WDIA program director David James Mattis founded Duke Records and signed many of the Beale Streeters to the label.
To capitalize off the success of the record, the Bihari brothers released a single by Forest on their sublabel Meteor Records, credited as Earl (Whoopin' & Hollerin') Forrest.
They ranked first in both segments and outscored fellow Russians Sofya Tyutyunina / Alexander Shustitskiy by 5.48 points to take the gold medal.
I Was a Prisoner on Devil's Island is a 1941 American crime film directed by Lew Landers and written by Karl Brown.
She represented Russia at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's 57 kg event in 2004.
A native of Cologne, Holl took up the sport of tennis at the age of seven and in 1975 joined the tennis team at Georgia Southern College, where he played for two seasons.
John Llewellyn Jones (1866 – 13 December 1927) was an Australian artist and photographer who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.
Born and raised in Melbourne, Jones studied painting at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School under George Folingsby between 1883 and 1889.
During this time, he was a member of the Buonarotti Club, one of Melbourne's leading bohemian arts clubs of the mid-1880s.
The following year, Jones and Streeton submitted a number of their Heidelberg works to the Victorian Artists Society's winter show, which attracted the attention of Art Gallery of New South Wales trustees on visit from Sydney.
The skeletal bones were analyzed by Ashley William Poust alongside her former advisor David Varricchio from Montana State University and Dalian paleontologists Chunling Gao, Jianlin Wu, and Fengjiao Zhang.
The 1989 Claxton Shield was the 50th annual Claxton Shield and the final Shield in its traditional state format before the Australian Baseball League (1989–1999).
The participants were South Australia, New South Wales Patriots, Victoria Aces, Western Australia and Northern Territory with the incumbent back to back champions Queensland absent.
The tournament was held in Sydney over twelve days at Auburn Baseball Club's Oriole Park rather than a home and away series.
His only Grand Prix/ATP Tour main draw appearance in singles came at the 1988 Bristol Open, as a lucky loser from qualifying.
He represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 73 kg event in 2012.
Hugo José Rama Calviño (born 22 November 1996) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for CD Lugo as a central midfielder.
Rama subsequently moved to Deportivo de La Coruña; initially assigned to the youth setup, he featured sparingly with the reserves in Tercera División.
Rama was an undisputed starter for the Castilian-Leonese side, scoring a career-best six goals as the club achieved promotion to the second division, but suffering a serious knee injury in the play-offs.
Rama was declared fit to play only in January 2020, and made his professional debut on 15 January by coming on as a second-half substitute for Álex López in a 0–1 away loss against Rayo Vallecano.
The New Hampshire Library Association (NHLA) is a professional organization for New Hampshire's librarians and library workers; it is the oldest state library association in the United States.
A group of 49 library trustees and one librarian met for the first time on September 12, 1890, at the American Library Association meeting in the White Mountains.
Part of the Benedictine Monastery Precinct, it opened in 1927 as a hostel for travellers and families of boarders at the New Norcia colleges, but later opened to the public.
Since the early 20th century, there have been boarding colleges associated with the monastery in New Norcia – St Gertrude's opened in 1908 for girls, and St Ildephonsus' opened in 1913 for boys.
Construction of a new, more elaborate, hostel began in 1926, and it opened in 1927, along with a modern motor garage.
The windows overlook several hectares of the monastery's farm, while from a colonnaded balcony there are views of St Gertrude's College, St Joseph's Orphanage, and the public chapel.
In 1955 the hostel was turned into the New Norcia Hotel, with fifteen rooms, as well as a bar and a restaurant.
The tourist experience at New Norcia was promoted since the 1980s as a niche-interest, promoting cultural traditions, and historical and spiritual experiences, with the active use of historic buildings a way to maintain them.
The hotel received a permanent entry on the Register of the National Estate on 21 October 1980, and was classified by the National Trust on 3 November 1991.
The Shire of Victoria Plains' president Pauline Bantock said the closure would have a significant impact on the local community, due to the hotel's popularity with tourists, and because it was the only place within for meals and social contact.
Precipitation runoff from Boulder Ridge drains east into headwaters of the Big Quilcene River, west into tributaries of Dungeness River, and south into Charlia Lakes, thence Tunnel Creek.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Olympic Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall (Orographic lift).
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust.
On 28 Jan 1608, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Terracina, Priverno e Sezze.
On 10 Feb 1608, he was consecrated bishop by Mariano Pierbenedetti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere, with Marco Cornaro, Bishop of Padua, and Metello Bichi, Bishop Emeritus of Sovana, serving as co-consecrators.
That same day, the label released another version of the single that featured a DVD that contains creditless versions of the opening and both endings of the series.
The single cover shows Laferte topless, wearing only a kerchief (similar to her topless at the Grammy Awards) with the hashtag #AbortoLegalYa, supporting the feminist movement.
The clip features Mon Laferte, Guaynaa and Mexican actress Yalitza Aparicio walking down the streets of Pachuca, wearing colorful clothes and dancing at the rhythm of reggaeton.
Central Coast Mariners FC are a football club based in Gosford, on the Central Coast of New South Wales which was founded in 2004.
They have had eight managers in their history (including one caretaker), the first being Lawrie McKinna and the current being Alen Stajcic.
In 2005, the General Services Administration acquired the Benson & Rixon Building and neighboring buildings, using eminent domain to seize some of the properties, citing the need for increased security around the Dirksen Federal Building.
It was established as the Bamboo Road District on 4 September 1896, and was based in the now-former town of Bamboo Creek.
It was renamed the Marble Bar Road District on 28 March 1904, after which the board seat moved to Marble Bar.
The shire ceased to exist on 27 May 1972, when it amalgamated with the Shire of Nullagine to form the Shire of East Pilbara.
Senator and Liberal Party powerbroker Noel Crichton-Browne and state parliamentarians George Miles and Arthur Bickerton served on the board before their respective elections to parliament, with Miles serving as road board chairman and Crichton-Browne as shire president.
He led the team with 711 rushing yards as a freshman in 1993 and as a sophomore 976 yards in 1994.
He missed the last nine games of the 1995 season and the first three games of the 1996 season due to the suspension.
On 15 January 2020, Wilson became the first Mexican to win an Olympic medal in a Winter Olympics sport when her team won the gold medal at the girls' 3x3 mixed tournament, during the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Luisa Wilson San Román was born on 5 August 2005 in Celaya, Guanajuato to a Mexican mother, Laura San Román and a Canadian father, Brian Wilson (assistant coach for the Mexico women's national ice hockey team).
Wilson was selected to represent Mexico at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, in Lausanne, Switzerland, in the Yellow team of the girls' 3x3 mixed ice hockey tournament.
Along with athletes from Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, South Korea, and Switzerland, Wilson and her team defeated the Black team 6–1, achieving the Gold medal.
US Steel made him its Vice President in charge of the production and distribution of ore, limestone and coal, in 1909.
He served as the head football coach at the University of Arkansas at Monticello from 1985 to 1996, compiling a record of 69–53–1.
It was formally established as the Nullagine Road District on 8 July 1898, with part of its territory being severed from the Pilbarra Road District (which evolved into the Town of Port Hedland).
The shire ceased to exist on 27 May 1972, when it amalgamated with the Shire of Marble Bar to form the Shire of East Pilbara.
Al Ansari began his career working at an executive level in property development and investment at a real estate firm known as Qatari Diar.
Al Ansari later joined ELAN Group and rose through the ranks to become the Group Chief Executive Officer of the company in 2014.
In his capacity as the CEO of ELAN, he was able to establish partnerships with Fira Barcelona, MCI International and other notable companies.
Aided by a hole-in-one on the 8th hole in the final round, Vines shot 272 (−20) to win by two over Guy Wolstenholme.
The experience in Tasmania was personally important to Vines as well, as he had his honeymoon with his newlywed wife Robin while on the island.
Vines thought he blew his chances with a final round 75 (+3) but leader Haruo Yasuda made double-bogey on the last giving Vines a one-stroke win.
Vines outplayed playing partner Bill Dunk over the course of the final round to beat his own expectations and win by two shots.
At the very beginning of the season, in September, he finished runner-up at the West End Tournament, nearly overcoming overnight leader David Galloway.
He recorded a number of top tens, including a runner-up finish at the Forbes tournament, before playing excellently at the Queanbeyan City Open in March.
After an opening round 71 (+1), Vines shot an extraordinary second round of 62 which included a 28 (−7) on the back nine.
He chipped in for eagle on the 10th and then holed out from the fairway two holes later for another eagle.
Despite this excellent play he was still one behind pro Mark Tapper and remained one behind him entering the final round.
Though he drove the ball extremely erratically, Vines hit extraordinary approaches from the rough or behind trees and even the wrong fairway.
Vines won the Griffith Golf Classic two year later, but had few other highlights for the remainder of his career on the regular tours.
He had immediate success, recording a runner-up finish at his fifth event and finished 25th on the Order of Merit, despite playing a truncated season.
The following year, his first full year on the senior tour, he continued with this success, recording three top tens including a runner-up finish at the Motor City Seniors Classic.
Ian Martin Seib (born 15 September 1946) is a former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Queensland from 1969 to 1975.
Ian Seib was a solid opening batsman whose only century in 63 first-class innings was 101, the highest score in the match, when Queensland defeated Western Australia in the Sheffield Shield in 1973-74.
He won the man of the match award in his first List A match when he scored 64 not out off 146 balls to steer Queensland to victory over New South Wales in 1970-71.
Xu Qing (; born October 1960) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as a chief technologist at China State Shipbuilding Corporation.
After graduating from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1982, he was assigned to the 701 Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation.
The episode opens on President Selina Meyer (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) giving a press conference in which she denies that she lobbied against her Families First bill.
Several of Selina's associates are shown being sworn in at House Judiciary Committee hearings: ex-staffers, Amy (Anna Chlumsky) and Dan (Reid Scott), are together with White House Aide Jonah (Timothy Simons); Sue (Sufe Bradshaw), her secretary, is alone; Ben (Kevin Dunn), her chief of staff, is alone; and her daughter Catherine (Sarah Sutherland) is in a private deposition.
Leigh Patterson (Jessie Ennis), a former White House aide, testifies that she was fired to conceal that someone used a confidential data breach to target bereaved parents for President Meyer's campaign.
She states that only President Meyer's campaign consultant, Bill Ericsson (Deidrich Bader), and bag man Gary Walsh (Tony Hale), knew about the data breach while the President did not.
Sue sits before the committee and denies that Selina had a meeting with Congressman Pierce, who cast the vote that killed the bill.
Now in a deposition, Gary admits he asked Dan and Amy to lobby against Families First and states that Bill Ericsson paid them for the job.
Bell earned his Bachelor of Arts from Pennsylvania State University in French and a Master of Science in Management from Boston University’s International Program at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, in Beersheba, Israel.
Early in his career, Bell was Team Leader of the Provincial Reconstruction Team in Salahaddin, Iraq, and the regional coordinator for Northeast Iraq and provincial reconstruction team leader in Kirkuk, Iraq.
Previous assignments include as foreign policy advisor to the United States Africa Command, Stuttgart, Germany, Deputy Chief of Mission at the United States Embassy in Niamey, Niger, and head of the Political and Economic Affairs Section of the United States Embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
It was founded as in 1948 in Fukuyama, Hiroshima when a shipping company that closed down transferred the facilities of its Fukuyama branch office to the new company.
In 1950, after expanding into transportation services based out of Fukuyama Station, the company name was changed to Fukuyama Transporting, Co., Ltd.
After founding the company, Noboru Shibuya spent 22 years until his death growing it into a shipping company with a network all over Japan.
Offices in the Greater Tokyo Area, Tōkai region, Kansai region, and San'yō region are directly managed (other regional offices are affiliated subsidiaries).
The trucks are mainly made by Isuzu Motors, and large trucks down to small trucks for express delivery use are deployed.
Some 2 ton and 4 ton box trucks are equipped with a power deck, which moves the bed of the truck.
The documentary uses rat infestation in Baltimore as a starting point to explore issues of segregation, redlining, poverty, and resource allocation in American cities.
The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Locarno Film Festival and its U.S. premiere within the 2017 True/False Film Festival, as well as screening at festivals such as the 2017 International Film Festival Rotterdam, the 2017 South by Southwest Film Conference & Festival, and the 2018 Copenhagen International Documentary Festival.
Second Fateh Jung Shah Ministry or Second Government of Fateh Jung Shah or Fateh Jung Shah's Second Council of Bharadars was the council of the Bharadars (equivalent to the ministry or the government of Nepal) which was formed on September 1845 (Ashwin 1902) after the assasination of Mukhtiyar Mathabarsingh Thapa.
However, the virtual Prime Minister was Kaji Gagan Singh Bhandari who had stronghold over large number of military forces than the Mukhtiyar.
This council of ministers were dissolved due to the murder of entire council members on 14th September 1846 by the only surviving member Jang Bahadur Kunwar; the incident known as the Kot Massacre.
The ministry of the Kingdom of Nepal formed on September 1845 (Ashwin 1902) after the death of Prime Minister Mathabarsingh Thapa included Chautariya Fateh Jung Shah, Gagan Singh Bhandari, Abhiman Singh Rana Magar and Dalbhanjan Pande.
Kaji Jang Bahadur Kunwar was also reinstated to his post as Kaji and General with 3 regiments under him in the council.
Fateh Jung Shah, King Rajendra's favourite courtier, was appointed as Mukhtiyar with control over Western Commands of the Nepalese Army, Departmemt of Foreign Affairs and a direct administration of 3 military regiments.
Gagan Singh Bhandari, the Junior Queen Rajya Lakshmi's favourite courtier, became the most influential member in the State Council where he received direct control of 7 military regiments and was assigned the responsibility of supervision over all the arsenals and magazines in the country.
Abhiman Singh Rana Magar was appointed with the control over the Eastern Commands of the Nepalese Army with personal control of 2 regiments.
Fateh Jung, Abhiman Singh and Dalbhanjan were inclined to King Rajendra while Gagan Singh was inclined to Junior Queen Rajya Laxmi.
On 31st Bhadra 1902 (September 1846) around 10 pm, Gagan Singh Bhandari was killed in his prayer room at home by a Maithil Brahmin assassin named Lal Jha.
The investigation of the murder of Gagan Singh led to the Kot Massacre on 14th September 1846 where all the members of the Council were killed with the exception of Jang Bahadur Kunwar.
Mariana Castells is a Spanish-American allergist who focuses on mast cell disease, including mastocytosis, a rare disease with limited treatment options.
Castells works at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Massachusetts in the Department of Allergy, Rheumatology, and Immunology and at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute.
Castells is a leader in the mastocytosis treatment and research field, and directs both the Mastocytosis Center of Excellence and the Drug Hypersensitivity and Desensitization Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
107.9 One Radio News FM (DXKM 107.9 MHz) is an FM station owned and operated by Rizal Memorial Colleges Broadcasting Corporation.
RHA Technologies Ltd., commonly known as RHA Audio is a British independently owned audio company specialising in the design and production of a wide range of earphone products.
In 2019, the company became the first in Scotland to qualify for a public funding initiative, using the funds to invest in further research & development of its products and in hiring new product designers and software engineers.
The 2020 San Diego Loyal SC season is the club's first season of existence and their first season in the USL Championship.
President of the scientific committees of the Alinari Museum of the History of Photography in Florence and of the Lestans Photography Research and Archiving Center, which he founded in 1994.
Curator of dozens of exhibitions, including the one on the Mediterranean landscape organized in Seville on the occasion of the Expo 1992 is the photographic section of Italian Metamorphosis, the great exhibition dedicated to Italian art from the Guggenheim in New York in 1994.
He also edited the photography section at various editions of the Venice Art Biennale including the last one in 2011 and at the Venice Architecture Biennale.
He taught photography at the Advanced Industrial Design Course in Venice, the first Italian Industrial Design School in the early 1960s.
She represented Ukraine at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 52 kg event.
In addition, there is an opinion that the display of this annotation has lowered the quality of the TV program (described later).
It is thought that the TV station side used it as a self-defense measure in preparation for complaints from viewers who claimed it is immoral when the food is handled roughly on TV variety shows.
A commentator Tsunehira Furuya also state that the dishes used in the show are not eaten by the staff later and throw it away after the show.
However, since the viewer does not know whether the staff actually ate the rest, It is suggested that this annotation may be a precautionary measure to be displayed in case of complaints from viewers.
A broadcast writer states that the TV program side has become more sensitive to dealing with ingredients in programs and displays annotations on the screen to prevent complaints from viewers.
He also argue that if the parent feels uncomfortable about the child watching what the comedian is expressing on TV, it's correct to switch to another channel or turn off the TV instead of complaining to the TV station.
Despite having his season shortened due to injury, he led the 2019 USC Trojans football team with 503 rushing yards in eight games.
Malepeai later revealed that he had injured the knee in before the season began and played hurt, hoping he could fight through it.
The 2003 National Soccer League Grand Final was held on 1 June 2003 between Perth Glory and Olympic Sharks at Subiaco Oval.
The album was announced on January 14, 2020 accompanied by the release of the first two singles from the album; Talking Myself In Circles and Brain Pain.
Indian Arrows (previously called Pailan Arrows) is an Indian football club located in Vasco da Gama, that competes in the I-League.
Mehdi Essoussi (born February 28, 2001) is a Tunisian-born, Canadian soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Toronto FC II in USL League One.
He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Negombo Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
In August 2019, a lawsuit was filed against its owners by twenty-two women who performed in the videos released by the company.
She was Chief Executive Officer of the Manukau Urban Māori Authority from 1986 to 2009, and a member of the New Zealand Parole Board from 1991.
In the 2010 Birthday Honours, she was appointed Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (DNZM) for services to Māori.
In total athletes representing Norway won 15 gold medals, 13 silver medals and 13 bronze medals and the country finished in 3rd place in the medal table.
Some are restricted to Visual artists of the United States in a particular genre or from a given region, while others are broader in scope.
Ralph-William Johnson Priso-Mbongue (born August 2, 2002) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Toronto FC II in USL League One.
In 2018 she became the Professor of Comparative Physiology/Organismal Biology at the University of Oxford and Tutorial Fellow of Hertford College.
Originally born in Wyoming in the United States, Wright did a BSc in Botany at the University of Wyoming and then a PhD in insect nutrition and herbivory at Hertford College, University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1994.
She moved to Ohio State University to do postdoctoral research on olfaction in honeybees in the Rothenbuhler Honeybee Laboratory and she also completed an MSc in Statistics at Ohio State University.
She moved to the University of Oxford in 2018 where she is Professor of Comparative Physiology/Organismal Biology and Tutorial Fellow of Hertford College.
Wright's research has looked at the effects of intoxication in honeybees with ethanol, finding that with increased ethanol consumption the bees spent less time on normal behaviours such as flying, walking and grooming, and instead spent more time upside down.
She has also done research to look for emotions in bees, testing their responses to smells that were unfamiliar to them.
Bees that had been subjected to an uncomfortable experience prior to the test were less likely to test the smells, and were perceived as pessimists compared to those that had not had the experience.
Her work has also looked at the effects of insecticides on bees, finding that a combination of insecticides can have a greater detrimental effect on bee learning and memory than a single compound.
Wright also found that the nicotine present in neonicotinoid insecticides may 'give bees a buzz', as honeybees and bumblebees preferred food containing neonicotinoids over that without.
In contrast she found that caffeine can improve the memory of bees of a particular scent that might bear nectar and subsequent research by Wright showed that bees have two neurons in each tastebud which help regulate bees' response to particular tastes.
The Republic of Siena in its progressive territorial growth saw its borders expanding especially in the territories of southern Tuscany in the current province of Grosseto.
In order to ensure access to maritime traffic and a competitive sales network, Siena already tried to secure the use of the Grosseto river port in the 13th century.
However, the port, swept away during the 14th century by the violent flood that removed the course of the Ombrone from the city, never had any development, also due to the incorrect economic policy of Siena and the lack of a productive background.
In May 1303, the abbot of the monastery of San Salvatore, Friar Ranieri, arrived in Siena proposing to the government of the Nine the purchase of the lands belonging to the monastery (even if they were then occupied militarily by the Counts of Santa Fiora), including Talamone and Castiglion di Val d'Orcia.
At the price of 900 gold florins the port of Talamone, the Contrada di Valentina and Castiglion di Val d'Orcia were sold to the Republic of Siena which also placed the monastery under its protection.
The possession of an outlet to the sea was extensively celebrated in Siena, hoping to increase its trade in this way, despite being affected by the negative consequences that the failure of the Gran Tavola bank of the Bonsignori had caused in relations with France and northern Italy.
In May 1304 a bailiff was established for three Sienese citizens who took care of the needs of the port of Talamone and communicated them to Siena.
The General Council of the Bell was divided on two opposing ideas represented respectively by Mignanello dei Mignanelli and Cione di Alemanno dei Piccolomini.
The first claimed that the government of the Nine should have full authority in the work, while the second claimed that it was necessary to agree with the Genoese for the proper development of the port given the inexperience of the Sienese in maritime affairs.
From 1305, restoration work was carried out for the harbor walls, roads were improved, a bridge was built and the quarterdeck was rebuilt while, to avoid possible hostilities with the Counts of Santa Fiora, the boundaries were precisely established.
The following year a ban was placed for the salt evaporation pond that should have provided half of the product to the Commune because it was his property.
On the recommendation of three Sienese citizens sent to the site, in 1309 improvements were made both to the castle and to the port to make it easier for sailors to land thanks to wooden piers, as well as to start work on a lighthouse.
Following the adhesion to the Tuscan Guelph League, made possible thanks to the political change imposed by the Nine that removed the city from the empire, Siena then found itself to be allied with Florence.
Given the growing enmities existing towards the Ghibelline Pisa, the Florentine government stipulated an agreement on 17 August 1311 with the Sienese Republic for the passage of all their goods by sea from Talamone.
With the descent of the Emperor Henry in Tuscany there were various reprisals against the Florentine merchants in Genoa and, probably for the same reason of damaging the Florentine trade, some Sienese Ghibelline exiles attacked Talamone in 1312; in that moment without defenses.
However, already in 1320 there was a new aggression, this time on the part of Genoese exiles, who sacked Talamone with a large quantity of wheat bound for Siena, burdened at that time with a famine.
In the following years the Municipality of Siena committed itself to taking the necessary measures to avoid new foreign incursions, together with the granting of privileges to the inhabitants of the port in order to encourage the growth of the Talamone population.
Despite the efforts, the population and the safety of the airport turned out to be a failure also considering the pressing presence of malaria.
The port was forced to suffer a new hostile occupation in 1328 by the army of the king of Sicily who tried to take Grosseto as well.
Given the impossibility of managing the port in a fruitful way, the government of the Nine opted for the concession of Talamone for rent to the Duke of Calabria through his ducal vicar.
However, due to some breaches of the agreements, the contract was canceled and the maritime port returned to the direct control of Siena.
Following new clashes against the Pisans due to the influence on Lucca, Florence renewed the agreements with the Republic of Siena for the rights of Florentine merchants in the port of Talamone in 1340; situation that was repeated in 1356.
Upon learning of the treaty with Florence, Pisa threatened to occupy the port and tried several times to attack it, failing thanks to Florence's commitment to protect its maritime trade.
However, once the peace agreement was signed with Pisa in 1364, the Florentine merchants preferred to leave the more distant Sienese port in favor of the Pisan one, despite the pressure exerted by Siena to maintain Florence's commercial traffic.
In a period of strong political instability in Siena, more privileges were therefore decided for anyone who wanted to live in Talamone and cultivated the land and the passing merchants, so as to remedy the damage caused by the loss of Florentine maritime traffic.
The entire area of the Sienese Maremma was however seriously neglected and due to the strong emigration the population of Talamone, Magliano and Grosseto was by now decimated.
In this situation in 1375 the Sienese coast suffered several looting by Pisan troops, which later occupied Talamone together with the papal militias.
Due to contrasts between Siena and the papacy due to the support given to Perugia in the riots against the Papal State, the papal occupation lasted until 1378, the year in which the Republic of Siena regained control of the port by paying a large sum of money to Urban VI.
The following year, due to conflicts with Pisa and Genoa for control of Sardinia, the Catalans concluded a treaty with the Republic of Siena for the use of the port of Talamone, guaranteeing their merchants the same rights that were granted to the Florentines, but with lower duties.
Once the Sienese port was left by the Catalans, failing to cover the defense and guards with maritime trade, in 1385 it was decided to grant the port to a company that also took care of maintaining the defensive structures.
In 1399 various measures were approved for the rehabilitation of the Maremma and the reclamation of the lands of Grosseto, so as to finally take full advantage of the great fertility of the agricultural areas.
With the conquest of Livorno in 1404 and that of Pisa in 1406 by Florence, the modernization of Talamone became more pressing for Siena to avoid the decadence of the port.
In those years King Ladislaus of Naples tried to bring the Republic of Siena to his part in anti-Florentine function, but given the rejection of the Sienese the king of Naples attacked Talamone together with the Genoese in 1410.
With great effort and with the help of Florence and France, Siena succeeded in regaining the port and the castle in December of the same year.
Porto Ercole and the territory of Monte Argentario, including the lesser Porto Santo Stefano, were conquered by the Republic of Siena at the time of the coming in Tuscany of the King of Naples Ladislaus in 1409.
The damages caused by the Genoese occupation were huge and the General Council of the Bell approved in 1411 that the necessary repair work was done, and the same happened in 1416 with Orbetello recently conquered.
The return of the Catalans to the Sienese port in 1436 was a positive event and, with the treaty signed by the parties, the Republic of Siena undertook to maintain the roads to Grosseto in good condition as well as the bridge of the port.
Given the huge expenses that brought the Ercole Port to the Municipality of Siena, in 1441 it was given in concession to Agnolo Morosini with the latter's commitment to build fortifications and defensive structures both in the airport and in the area of Monte Argentario.
They committed to Siena to make the area of Porto Ercole habitable (by granting the inhabitants the same privileges as the citizens of Talamone), building a new tower and even a warehouse.
Given the poor condition of Porto Ercole, the concession to the commercial company was withdrawn by the Bell Council in 1474.
The Republic sent guard and two lords to deal with the needs of the airport more carefully and to solve the problem of lack of housing for citizens.
On 30 January 1474 there was the only document of a Sienese ship, built in one of the ports of the Sienese Maremma by the merchant Francesco Benedetti da Perpignano who obtained a license from the Municipality to hoist the flag of the Republic of Siena.
In 1476 a serious plague struck the ports of Talamone and Porto Ercole, decimating the population of the entire Grosseto area, subsequently impoverished by the pause of the Neapolitan royal army in those lands that were just repopulating.
From 1480 the Republic decided to intervene on the ports trying to stimulate the return of the emigrated citizens during the plague.
In this period Porto Ercole experienced a good commercial flow thanks to the trade of wool cloths to the east by Sienese merchants.
To solve security problems, in 1489 Siena sent its Muslim consul to Constantinople so that the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire drove the many pirates who damaged the cities and ports from the Maremma.
In the first few years of the 16th century the Republic of Siena sold, for the price of 4,500 florins, all the revenues of the ports of Talamone and Porto Ercole for ten years to Alessandro di Galgano Bichi, while the use of the lands of Monte Argentario was bought by the Spedale of S. Maria della Scala of Siena.
Taking advantage of a period of strong political instability in the Republic of Siena, the Genoese commander Andrea Doria occupied Talamone in 1527, and afterwards also Orbetello and Porto Ercole fell.
The occupation of Orbetello and Talamone did not last long because the Sienese army supported by the population managed to recover the two cities.
Since the Sienese could not take Porto Ercole by force, the Commune of Siena insisted with great insistence on Pope Clement VII that he would return the lands occupied by force.
Not obtaining positive responses and given the prolongation of the negotiations, the Republic decided to attack the port of call in 1530, managing to take back the port thanks to the commander Cincio Corso.
Fearing an imminent war against the Emperor or against the Pope, the Commune had the towns and the castles of the Maremma visited by the architect Baldassarre Peruzzi and Antonmaria Lari who were in charge of strengthening the walls of Porto Ercole, Grosseto and Talamone in 1532 and in 1541.
The fleet of Khayr al-Din Barbarossa, arrived in Italy to help the king of France, sacked and captured Montiano, Talamone and Porto Ercole.
The plundered lands were ceded to the king of France who, after offering them in vain to the Pope (who refused them because he supported the Spanish presence in Italy) decided to withdraw from these lands after setting fire to Porto Ercole and its fortress.
During the last decade of the Republic of Siena, from 1545 to 1555, the restoration of the walls and the fortifications of the ports of Talamone and Porto Ercole were continuous.
During the Siena War where the Sienese and French armies faced each other against the Florentine and Spanish armies, besieged Siena on August 2, 1554 and surrendered the city in April 1555, Porto Ercole still remained to be conquered, where the French commander Charles de Carbonnières, after having awaited the arrival of Marshal Piero Strozzi, he surrendered on June 18, 1555.
The ports that were of the Republic of Siena for more than two centuries, became part of the nascent State of the Presidi in 1557 at the behest of Philip II king of Spain.
Jacen Russell-Rowe (born September 13, 2002) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a forward for the Maryland Terrapins in the Big Ten.
It represents the interests of the Holy See in a defined region in countries with which diplomatic relations have not yet been established.
It is led by a Delegate who holds a number of other titles within the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including that of Apostolic Nuncio to New Zealand.
On 1 November 1968, the Delegation to Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania was divided into the Delegation to Australia and Papua New Guinea and the Delegation to New Zealand and Pacific Islands.
When the Holy See and New Zealand established diplomatic ties, Pope Paul VI established the Nunciature to New Zealand on 20 June 1973.
The next year, when Archbishop Angelo Acerbi was named to lead the delegation, his title was given inconsistently as Apostolic Delegate to the Pacific Ocean () and Apostolic Delegate to the Islands of the Pacific Ocean ().
Since then the Holy See has established nunciatures in several countries in the region, reducing the responsibilities of the Delegation to the Pacific Ocean.
The Delegation continues to represent the Holy See in American Samoa, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Island, Tokelau, Tuvalu, U.S. Minor Islands, and Wallis and Futuna.
Of these, 97.6% spoke Russian, 1.0% Yiddish, 0.4% Tatar, 0.4% Polish, 0.2% German, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
He also composed vocal pieces like operas, an oratorio, a mass and others, along with chamber music, such as sonatas, sonatinas, a string quartet, pieces for a brass quintet, a wind octet, a string trio and more.
In 1960, Schiffauer started his study at the Technical University of Ostrava, which he discontinued, but he completed his Master's degree at the Pedagogical Institute of the University of Ostrava in 1964.
This theater became banned by the authorities during the normalization era in Czechoslovakia and a large-scale court trial was held with those who had been involved in this theater.
Schiffauer was expelled from the Academy of Performing Arts and sentenced to nine months of imprisonment for having composed music for that musical.
During the normalization era, Schiffauer was employed as a worker and he was being permanently interrogated by the State Security Police.
After the Velvet Revolution, Schiffauer was allowed to complete his university education (Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts) and could fully engage himself into composition of music.
Some problems, especially in cryptography, are best solved when viewed as a claw finding problem, hence any algorithmic improvement to solving the claw finding problem provides a better attack on cryptographic primitives such as hash functions.
More accurately, there are exactly formula_8 pairs of the form formula_9 with formula_10; the probability that such a pair is a claw is formula_11.
The 1957 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season.
He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He replaced Cobina Kessie as the member of parliament for the Kumasi North constituency in 1959 when the latter took up a diplomatic appointment as Ghana's ambassador to Liberia.
While in parliament, he was appointed deputy minister for Agriculture and in 1965 he was appointed minister for Fisheries (a new ministry that had been created at the time).
He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The movie starting Mike Starr, Jude Moran, Michael Jai White and Christopher Lloyd was limited release in Los Angeles on August 10, 2018.
When Arthur and Vincent Herring are asked to keep a collection of rare coins worth a fortune, they plan never return the collection to its owner.
Roberta Byrd Barr (January 4, 1919 – June 23, 1993) was an American civil rights activist, television personality, educator, and librarian.
She later earned a bachelor's degree in sociology and elementary education as well as a master's degree in librarianship from the University of Washington.
During the Seattle school boycott of 1966, she headed one of the Freedom Schools that were set up in protest of the lack of progress towards desegregation.
She was appointed vice principal of Franklin High School in 1968, after 150 students held a sit-in protesting the expulsion of black female students who chose to wear their hair in a natural style.
In 1973 Barr became the principal of Lincoln High School, becoming both the first woman and the first African American to be a principal in the Seattle Public Schools district.
Barr's career in acting began when she starred in a Cirque Theatre production of A Raisin in the Sun alongside Greg Morris.
Seattle advocacy organization Byrd Barr Place (originally Central Area Motivation Program) was renamed in 2018 to honor Barr, who was at one time a writer for the group's monthly newsletter; the organization focuses on improving the lives of low-income people throughout Washington State.
Barr's photo hangs in the Douglass-Truth Branch of the Seattle Public Library to honor her efforts to promote the development of the library's African-American Collection.
He is the incumbent Member of National Assembly for Sacheon-Namhae-Hadong, as well as the Chairman of the Legislation and Judiciary Committee.
After the graduation, he passed the judicial examination in 1978, and was appointed as a judge of the Seoul Central District Court in 1980.
Few months after the re-election in 2016, he left Saenuri Party (Liberty Korea Party since February 2017) and joined Bareun Party.
In the programme, Suk's son, Suk Kwon-ho, explained that his father was tortured by the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, such as putting a ballpoint pen refill into his penis.
The team was managed by Joe McCleery, previously of Belfast Celtic F.C., who used his connections to Northern Irish football to ensure a supply of players for the season ahead.
Home matches were played at the Dundalk Athletic Grounds (a facility near the town centre shared by several sporting codes), but on weekends when the Athletic Grounds were unavailable, matches would usually move to the Carroll's Recreation Ground.
As it was entering its sixth season, nine clubs had already dropped out of the Free State League, so the challenge facing the new club was great.
The cost of travel was one of the biggest issues facing provincial clubs in the League, and the club had sought support from its parent company, the Great Northern Railway (Ireland), with regard to travel expenses, but were refused.
The season opened with the 18-match League schedule, and on 21 August 1926 the team travelled to Cork to face fellow works-team Fordsons in the opening match of the season.
The 30-strong group of players, officials and supporters who travelled were treated to a tour of the Ford factory before the game.
They only managed two points away from home, including one in the first ever league match in Glenmalure Park, and finished their first league season in eighth position.
Old Leinster Senior League rivals, Drumcondra, defeated them in a replay in the first round of the Leinster Senior Cup; while a heavy defeat to Bohemians saw them exit the FAI Cup in the first round, with the result that a number of players were released, including Quinn.
A total of 47 players lined out for the team during the season, 11 of whom appeared only once, as manager McCleery tapped into his Northern Irish connections in his attempts to build a competitive side.
Only two players would be retained for the following season - Gordon McDiarmuid (who had joined early in the Shield campaign) and Fred Norwood.
After playing youth and B team football for Mandalskameratene and Start he made his debut for Start in the 2011 Eliteserien game against Haugesund, scoring Start's only goal.
From 2013 to 2016 he spent one season each in Flekkerøy, Fram, Arendal and Follo, always scoring double figures in league and cup combined.
While celebrities like herself are protected by their fame, however, she believes that deepfakes pose a grave threat to women of lesser prominence who could have their reputations damaged by depiction in involuntary deepfake pornography or revenge porn.
In June 2019, a downloadable Windows and Linux application called DeepNude was released which used neural networks, specifically generative adversarial networks, to remove clothing from images of women.
Other websites have also banned the use of deepfakes for involuntary pornography, including the social media platform Twitter and the pornography site Pornhub.
The Bras de Ross (English: Ross's Arm) is a tributary of Brébeuf Lake, flowing in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau and Rivière-Éternité, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Okolie is a native of Ihiala in Anambra state a southeastern geographical area of Nigeria predominantly occupied by the igbo people of Nigeria.
Okolie before his debut into the Nigerian movie industry began as a model in 2006, in which he described as a coincidence as he merely escorted a friend to an audition for models and never intended to participate in the auditioning process but was compelled to audition by those conducting the audition of which he accepted their request and auditioned.
Okolie described his venture into the Nigerian movie industry as a coincidence as well as he never intended to be an actor.
In 2012 Okolie travelled to Owerri which is the capital of Imo state for the purpose of shooting a movie alongside Nollywood colleague; Nkiru Sylvanus.
It was reported that on December 15th both Okolie and Nkiru Sylvanus had been abducted and a ransom of ₦100,000,000 (One hundred million naira) which was per exchange rate in 2012 equivalent to $640,000 (Six Hundred and forty thousand U.S dollars) was demanded by their captors in exchange for their release.
On December 21 2012 at 10:30pm on the 6th day since their kidnap Okolie and co-actor Nkiru Sylvanus were released from captivity and regained freedom.
He won two gold medals at the 2016 Summer Paralympics: in the men's 100 metres T35 event and in the men's 200 metres T35 event.
He won the gold medal in the men's 100 metres T35 and men's 200 metres T35 events at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships.
Tsvietov also won the gold medals in the men's 100 metres T35 and men's 200 metres T35 events at the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships.
In both events he was the only medalist as there were only two competitors, Tsvietov and Jordan Howe, in these events.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships he set a new world record time of 11.07s in the men's 100 metres T35 event and also a new world record time of 23.04s in the men's 200 m T35 event.
She made her World Cup debut in February 2019 in the sprint event at Cogne, collecting her first World Cup points with a 25th place.
Competing in three more World Cup races on the 2018–2019 circuit, she made her breakthrough in December 2019 when finishing 8th in the 10 kilometres event in Davos.
On 25 May 2019, Maria was crowned winner of Miss Earth Brazil 2019 at a ceremony held in Auditório Dr. Marcelo Vianna, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
She competed at the 2012 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships, managing a 34th and 52nd place, also placing lowly at the 2014 Nordic U23 World Ski Championships, but ultimately recording a fifth and ninth place at the 2015 Nordic U23 World Ski Championships.
She collected her first World Cup points with a 28th place in January 2017 in Toblach, and broke the top 20 for the first time with a 19th place in the 30 km event in Holmenkollen in March 2017.
In the 2017–18 Tour de Ski she managed an eight place in the Oberstdorf leg of the tour, and a 22nd place overall.
The New Zealand Masters was a non-ranking snooker tournament staged on three occasions between 1984 and 1989 when the British circuit was in its close season.
The first event was held in July 1984 at the Kingsgate Convention Centre in Auckland, and saw Jimmy White defeat Kirk Stevens 5–3 in the final.
There was a gap of four years before the final two events were held, both in the Legislative Chamber of the New Zealand Parliament.
The final of the first event in 1988 was won by Stephen Hendry, defeating Mike Hallett 6-1, while the final tournament in 1989 saw Willie Thorne defeat Joe Johnson 7–4 in the final.
He holds law degrees from the Drake University Law School as well as McGill University, and also attended The Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands.
He holds a law degree from the University of Colorado Law School and master's degrees from George Washington University and Auburn University.
The 1984 Winfield New Zealand Masters was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place in July 1984 at the Kingsgate Convention Centre in Auckland, New Zealand].
Chinese Latin American or Chino-Latino cuisine, associated with Asian Latin Americans of Chinese origin, combines elements of Chinese cuisine with other Latin American influences.
It is found in Chinese communities and Chinatowns across Latin America, including Peru (where it is known as chifa) and Cuba.
It has spread to the United States with the migration of Asian Latin Americans, particularly the migration of Chinese Cubans to New York City.
Tens of thousands of Chinese who survived indenture and remained on the island during the 1870s and 1880s now had more physical, occupational, and even social mobility.
They joined gangs of agricultural laborers, grew vegetables in the countryside, peddled goods, and worked as artisans or at unskilled jobs in town.
Core aspects of Cuban and Chinese food are similar in their use of white meats such as pork and starches such as rice.
The Chinese aspect brings dishes such as fried rice, chow mein or shrimp with black bean sauce, while the Cuban aspect brings dishes such as ropa vieja or platanos maduros.
In Chinese cooking vegetables such bok choy, amaranth or broccoli play a big role in the development of popular Chinese dishes such as a stir fry.
The Chinese style of cooking also relies a lot on oils, sauces and vinegars; including the most commonly known soy sauce as well as others such as rice vinegar, sesame oil and oyster sauce.
The Cuban style uses spices such as garlic, cumin, oregano, bay leaf and cilantro, while also using vegetables like onions, bell peppers and tomatoes.
The distinct Cuban-Chinese or Latino Chino identity wasn't found in New York City until the late 1960s and early 1970s when thousands of Chinese remigrated to the United States.
Local conditions, including political and economic instability, have caused the remigration of Chinese to the United States from other parts of Latin America, including Peru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
When arriving into the United States, a country in which binary racial categories had now been geared toward the racial segregation of Latinos and Asians which has slowly began to be accepted.
Once these previous business owners arrived and settled in East Harlem, people began to establish new businesses based on the immersion within foods they have learned when cultured in Cuba, to honor their heritage and establish their economic stability.
For incoming immigrants, these restaurants had a homelike feeling due to the authentic qualities and similarities between their settling area and their home country.
It had been a minimal aspect of their home country such as, food that allows people to feel comfortable and adapt within their area of settlement.
However, just as this concept had emerged in an accepting manner within present day these restaurants are considered to be disappearing this is due to the lack of the Chinese population migrating directly from Cuba in order to keep the tradition upheld.
The last Chinese migration directly from Cuba had occurred in 1959, which has caused doubt on how much longer part of the Cuban and Chinese culture can progress.
The process of acculturization allowed the younger generations to lose touch of their roots, compared to others who want to stand by where they come in order to keep heritage alive.
Dybsø is an uninhabited Danish island, with an area of 1.34 km, located south east of Zealand in the Baltic Sea.
Georgi Tunjov (born 17 April 2001) is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club SPAL.
Tunjov made his debut in the Serie A on 15 December 2019, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute in the 1–3 away loss to Roma.
Eric Spina is an American engineer and academic administrator who has served as president of the University of Dayton since July 1, 2016.
Spina earned his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University, followed by a master's degree and Ph.D in aerospace engineering from Princeton University.
Spina began his career at Syracuse University, where he was a faculty member in the College of Engineering & Computer Science.
The 1988 Lion Brown New Zealand Masters was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in July 1988 at the Legislative Chamber of the New Zealand Parliament in Wellington, New Zealand].
Captain Metcalfe fired his cannons into the village, and captured a few Hawaiians who told him the boat was taken by people from the village of Olowalu.
Kamehameha decided to spare the lives of Davis and Young, who became valued military advisors during his subsequent battles and negotiations with later visitors.
The 1947 Wiley Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Wiley College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1947 college football season.
In their 25th season under head coach Fred T. Long, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record (3–3–1 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the SWAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 126 to 58.
Highland Park is a neighborhood in Holyoke, Massachusetts located to the northwest of the city center, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) from downtown, on the banks of the Connecticut River.
The residential neighborhood was initially developed as a streetcar suburb by the Highland Park Improvement Association, which underwent several iterations between 1893 and 1930.
Today the neighborhood contains numerous Victorian and early 20th century housing and about of residential zoning, as well as the Edward Nelson White School.
Tower gave the area its name and devised the first street plans and building lots around February 1893 as an upscale housing development.
Within a year of their first meetings, ultimately their plans, including a bridge across the river decades before the Muller Bridge, would fall apart, and Whittlesey would see litigation taken against him by his associates.
The Highland Park Improvement Association dissolved shortly after the splitting of its associates, and in 1896 the land was deeded to the firm Whitcomb & Pearsons, who laid out the initial plots and tentative roads, keeping with the idea that the suburb was one for mill management and an upper-middle class.
A developer himself, he would work under the new firm until in 1914 he bought out the shares of his associates and made it his own contracting firm.
In 1910, the remaining undeveloped tracts to the north would host a grand exhibition for the aviation stunts of Charles F. Willard.
In the history of aviation, Willard was the first barnstormer, first person to fly 3 passengers in the United States, and first person to be shot out of the sky by a bullet— that of an annoyed farmer.
Willard's feats would attract a crowd of more than 7,000 for the YMCA benefit exhibition, and thousands more would view his escapades from South Hadley and boats on the Connecticut River.
By 1911, the Holyoke Street Railway was being extended through the neighborhood along Pleasant street toward Northampton Street and Mountain Park.
Although not well documented, at some point leading up to 1911, the neighborhood was also considered as a railway stop for the Boston and Maine Railroad, whose former tracks run between its homes and the Connecticut River.
Seeking a clubhouse and amphitheater, Hoyt and his associates would donate a plot of land at 250 Pleasant Street to the club for these purposes, and before 1919 a club house in the Tudor Revival style was constructed on that spot.
Up through the mid 1920s the community house would serve as a social space for neighborhood dances, mayoral political campaigns, and even received Second Lady Grace Coolidge for a reception after her husband had become Warren G. Harding's Vice-President.
In 1923, the community house began functioning as a private school, known as the Lovering School, and was partially reconstructed after a fire that same year.
It would continue to be used in this capacity until its last class graduated in 1939, and was converted to a private residence thereafter.
The 1989 Lion Brown New Zealand Masters was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in August 1989 at the Legislative Chamber of the New Zealand Parliament in Wellington, New Zealand].
He was elected mayor of Ovacık in 2014, where he was known for implementing initiatives like free public transport and agricultural projects such as bee keeping and cultivating chickpeas with which gains university students were supported.
He also encouraged the opening of several libraries in Oveacık In the local elections in 2019, he was elected mayor of Tunceli, the provinces capital.
They were both originally rappers in Star Gang, a road rap group from the 2000s and split-off from the Tottenham Mandem gang.
OFB rapper Bandokay, whos real name is Kemani Duggan, is the son of Mark Duggan, a British man from Broadwater Farm who was shot dead by police in 2011, the result of which led to the 2011 England Riots.
Bandokay credited music for keeping him away from crime, and stated his desire to be away from police as a motivator:Whenever [the police] see me, they stop me, I get what they’re trying to do – they’re trying to take weapons.
So that’s why I’m trying to go through music and do something positive, so they don’t have nothing to say about me.Bandokay credited fellow OFB rapper Headie One as a major influence, as well as UK drill group 67.
Kurowskybob 'Bobby' Fertil-Pierre (born 28 August 2002), is a Haitian-American soccer player who plays as a defender for Real Salt Lake.
A member of the academy of Real Salt Lake, Pierre made his professional debut on September 21, 2019 for their USL Championship affiliate Real Monarchs by going the distance in a start against Rio Grande Valley FC.
Pierre is eligible for the United States and Haiti, having been born and raised in the U.S. and of Haitian descent.
In 2019, he played eight total matches for Haiti U17 in the 2019 CONCACAF U-17 Championship and 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Jean Deloche (19 September 1929 – 3 December 2019) was a French teacher and researcher and correspondent for the French School of the Far East in Pondicherry, India.
Deloche focused on two different areas of history throughout his career: the study of 18th century French manuscripts regarding the political, economic, and social history of India, and the study of the history of Indian technology.
The movie was first shown on July 7, 2018, at the Fantasia Film Festival and was released on video and on demand on May 7, 2019.
Born in the Gifu Prefecture in 1979, Kumazaki studied at the Kanazawa College of Art and the Suidobata Fine Arts Academy.
William Rattigan (1932 – 14 December 2019) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for club sides Dunshaughlin and Drumree and at inter-county level with the Meath senior football team.
He became the first secretary of the Drumree club when it was re-formed in 1957 and was a key member of the team which won the junior championship in 1959.
Rattigan was captain when Drumree won the intermediate championship in 1961 and was also involved in the intermediate championship win in 1969.
At inter-county level, Rattigan won a Leinster Championship medal in 1954 after lining out at left wing-forward in the final against Offaly.
Early issues of the paper were printed with the silk screen and mimeograph equipment of the Artists Workshop Press, which Sinclair brought with him from Detroit to Ann Arbor.
The newspaper was considered to be the mouthpiece for the White Panther Party for quite some time before the newspaper transitioned to an independent publication spreading views on local issues, left-wing politics, music, and arts.
The Rivière à la Croix is a tributary of the Saguenay River, flowing in the municipality of Saint-Félix-d'Otis, in the Fjord-du-Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of the Rivière à la Croix is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The Rivière à la Croix rises at the mouth of lac à la Croix (length: ; maximum width: ; altitude: ) between mountains.
The booster landed aboard the autonomous spaceport drone ship Of Course I Still Love You approximately nine and a half minutes after launch.
SpaceX had originally planned to use B1050 to launch the RADARSAT Constellation, however B1050 failed to land following the CRS-16 mission.
Constitutional changes for the Trust Territory were made by an order from the US Secretary of the Interior on 28 September 1964.
A bicameral Congress was established, with a 12-member House of Delegates with two members from each of the six districts and a General Assembly with seats apportioned to each district based on their population – five from Truk four from the Marshall Islands and Ponape, three from Mariana Islands and Palau and two from Yap.
A total of 28 candidates contested the House of Delegates elections, with six running in both Palau and Ponape, and four in the Marshalls, Marianas, Truk and Yap.
Released as a single a few weeks after the album was released, it peaked at #52 on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 12, 1977.
Pierre Ramses Pe Akono (born 29 June 2000), is a Cameroonian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Belgian side K.A.S.
Hartwell Tavern is an historic American Revolutionary War site associated with the revolution's first battle, the 1775 Battle of Lexington and Concord.
It is located on Battle Road (formerly the Bay Road) in Lincoln, Massachusetts, and operated as a living museum by the National Park Service as part of the Minute Man National Historical Park.
It is staffed from Memorial Day (May) weekend to October by park rangers dressed in colonial attire who offer programs daily.
The building, whose main façade faces south, was originally constructed as a home for Ephraim Hartwell (1707–1793) and his newlywed wife, Elizabeth (1714–1808), in 1733.
It was given to them by Ephraim's father, Samuel (1666–1744), who lived in a home with his wife, Mary, about 700 feet east along Battle Road.
Built in the 1690s, only the central chimney of Samuel and Mary's house still stands, amongst a basic reconstruction of the building.
The Hartwells raised a family and, in 1756, when they had nine children living in the house, Ephraim applied for a license to run the home as an inn.
Three of the Hartwells' children — Samuel, John and Isaac — were in the Lincoln minutemen that fought at Old North Bridge and on the battle road.
Mary then relayed the message to Captain William Smith, commanding officer of the Lincoln minutemen, who lived a little to the west and whose home still stands along Battle Road.
After gaining his PhD in 1997 with a thesis on Wladimir Rudolfowitsch Vogel, he headed the Research and Information Centre for ostracized Music at the Dresden Centre for Contemporary Music from 1997 to 2002.
After his habilitation in 2003 with a study on the persecution of composers under Hitler and Stalin, he was research assistant and lecturer at the musicological seminar of the Free University of Berlin in the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft special research area Aesthetic Experience in the Sign of the Dissolution of Artistic Limits from 2003 to 2007.
His research focuses on music history from the 18th century to the present, music of antiquity and ancient reception in music, music in dictatorships, historiography of popular music, geography of music history and music aesthetics and musical judgement.
Additionally, the song reached the top spot on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts as well, becoming Ricch's first number-one song on both charts.
But one day the vicarage Näs near Vimmerby is offered for lease and Samuel August becomes the new tenant of the vicarage.
At a wedding, Hanna realizes that Samuel August is in love with her and invites Samuel August to go for a walk with her.
Hanna replies that the two of them cannot decide this on their own, but at least she gives Samuel August the first kiss.
Kilner studied a BA in Zoology at the University of Oxford in 1992, and received a Ph.D. in evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge in 1996.
She worked as a Junior Research Fellow at Magdelene College, Cambridge, and in 1998 was a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellow; she was appointed Lecturer at the University of Cambridge in 2005 and a Reader in 2009.
In 2013, Kilner was appointed Professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge, and in 2019, Kilner was made a Director of the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology.
Kilner's research looks at how social evolution can generate biodiversity and much of her work looks at burying beetles (Silphidae) and birds.
Kilner found that cowbirds, which are also brood parasites, do not try to outcompete the host chicks that they hatch next to (as with cuckoos) and instead cowbirds do better when the host chicks remain.
Kilner's work on burying beetles has shown that beetle parents can produce a slime mixture that can influence bacteria communities on the meat they provide for their larval offspring; the bacteria aid digestion in the beetle stomach and prevent decomposition of the meat, so that beetle larvae grow larger and healthier.
She also found that motherless beetle larvae were less competitive between each other and had higher survival rates than when mothered larvae had to cope alone.
William Trego Webb (24 August 1847 – 8 January 1934) was a British educationist and author who taught English Literature in various colleges in Bengal in India in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
A prolific writer, he also produced a number of English language grammar books for Indian students with fellow-academic F. J. Rowe.
He entered the Indian Education Service in Bengal in 1875, and was Professor of English Literature at Dacca College from 1875 to 1878.
While working for the Bengal Education Department Webb collaborated with F. J. Rowe to produce a number of English grammar books for Indian students.
Another son was Lieutenant Paul Frederic Hobson Webb (1889-1918), who was killed in action on 7 July 1918 while serving in No.
Guillermo Alejandro Tegue Caicedo (born 6 February 2000) is a Colombian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Independiente Medellín.
This list of television awards is a index to articles on notable awards that are given to television shows in different countries and categories.
If no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second will be held between the top two candidates.
He represented Austria at seven editions of the Paralympics: the 1980 Summer Paralympics and the Winter Paralympics of 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992 and 1994.
Fabián Steven Ángel Bernal (born 10 January 2001) is a Colombian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Atlético Junior.
Rendezvous in Grenada (French: Rendez-vous à Grenade) is a 1951 French musical film directed by Richard Pottier and starring Luis Mariano, Nicole Maurey and Jean Tissier.
She is the former president of the International Statistical Institute, the International Association for Statistical Education, and the Statistical Society of Australia, and chair of the United Nations Global Network of Institutions for Statistical Training.
MacGillivray entered her studies at the University of Queensland planning to work in physics, but ended up earning a bachelor's degree with honours in mathematics, in the course of which she discovered her love for statistics.
She was a professor of statistics and director of the Maths Access Centre at Queensland University of Technology (QUT), until her retirement.
When she was elected president she became both the second woman and the second Australian to hold the position, after Denise Lievesley and Dennis Trewin.
She was president of the International Association for Statistical Education for 2009–2011, and is the founding chair of the Global Network of Institutions for Statistical Training of the United Nations.
He won the bronze medal in the Men's 3x10 km Relay III-IV B event at the 1976 Winter Paralympics and the silver medal in the Men's 4x5 km Relay 3A-3B event at the 1980 Winter Paralympics.
He won the bronze medal in the Men's 3x10 km Relay III-IV B event together with Wolfgang Pickl and Josef Scheiber.
Broken Dreams is a 2019 Polish documentary film directed by Tomasz Magierski that tells the story of Renia and Ariana Spiegel, sisters who experienced the Holocaust as children in Poland.
The film was prompted by the 2012 discovery of Renia Spiegel's diary, which she kept from 1939 until her death at the age of 18 in 1942.
The documentary revolves around the diary of Renia Spiegel, who spent the early years of World War II in the Polish city of Przemyśl, along with her sister, Ariana Spiegel (now Elizabeth Bellak).
In her diary, Spiegel writes about everyday teenage life, as well as the growing war, eventually covering her imprisonment in the Przemyśl ghetto.
After escaping the ghetto, Spiegel was killed at the age of 18 by Nazi police when her hiding place was discovered.
Spiegel's diary was preserved by her boyfriend, Zygmunt Schwarzer, who eventually brought it to Spiegel's mother and sister in New York after the war.
I read this thing over probably four or five nights...I got used to her handwriting and to be honest I fell in love with her.
Hamiltonian complexity or quantum Hamiltonian complexity is a topic which deals with problems in quantum complexity theory and condensed matter physics.
It mostly studies constraint satisfaction problems related to ground states of local Hamiltonians; that is, Hermitian matrices that act locally on a system of interest.
Given a Hermitian matrix formula_1, let formula_2 denote the ground state energy of the Hamiltonian formula_1, and let formula_4 and formula_5 be non-negative real numbers with formula_6.
It states that the entropy of a reduced density matrix of a quantum system in its ground state is proportional to the boundary length of the area.
She was named after Ponce De Leon, a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and the first governor of Puerto Rico.
Abdoulaye Diaby (born 4 July 2000) is a Malian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Lokeren, on loan from Royal Antwerp.
City market in Bialystok () is a retail market located in Kawaleryjska Street 19/23 in Bialystok, Podlaskie Voivodeship in north-eastern Poland.
For years it has been the largest commercial facility in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, with an area of almost 90,000 sq m. and over 2,000 permanent sales outlets.
In the early 90s with the collapse of the Communist bloc and the People's Republic of Poland and the liberalization of trade and transformation to market economy, the city hall was searching a place to hold a retail market instead of the existing one in Bema Street which has became to small.
Due to concerns from the retailers side regarding the relative distance of the location from the city center, the authorities made a commitment that they will not establish another market in the city center.
A major mark point was 1994, the year the trade in Belarus] was liberalized, a step that contributed to the growth of trade and activity in the market.
The years 1995 to 1998 saw high growth and thousands of cars from Lithuania and Belarus arrived to sell their stocks.
In 1998 there was a slump, even a collapse of the market since the Polish government limited cross-border trade by introducing visas, a decision that led to demonstrations.
Part of a seven-building development between the district's Milada Horáková and Heřmanová streets built between 1937 and 1940, it was designed by Jaroslav Stockar-Bernkopf and Josef Šolc.
The cinema is known for its seating options; as well as standard seats, visitors to Bio Oko can sit on sofas, bean bags or deck chairs.
Jermal Richardson (born 10 May 1994) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Roaring Lions FC and the Anguilla national football team.
Since 1989, the museum has worked with schools, senior centres, businesses, and prisons in addition to encouraging the public to engage with staff on community projects that explore contemporary issues that impact Glasgow.
The Glasgow Open Museum’s goal is to create a more fluid relationship with the public and to bring the Museum to those that cannot make their way inside the museum.
In America a trend of artist inspired exhibits helped museums bring their pieces from the archives onto display, but never have american museums let the local public interact with the objects in the archives the way the Open Museum does.
The painting depicts is a blunt allegory showing Margaret of Cortona, the 13th-century Franciscan tertiary, as underscored by the knotted belt of rope or cincture of the order.
Margaret sits in a plain room, listening entranced to the words of an angel, whose hands finger a crown of thorns and partially obscure a skull; in her left hand, she cradles a crucifix.
The arc of her life would have held resonance for women seeking absolution in joining the tertiaries, which did not require vows of absolute poverty and chastity.
She was again withdrawn from the fleet on 8 August 1957, to have the grain unloaded, she returned empty on 12 August 1957.
Born in Requena, Valencian Community, Martínez joined Málaga CF's youth setup in 2018, after stints at Córdoba CF and Valencia CF.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 25 August 2019, starting and scoring the opener in a 4–0 Tercera División home routing of Alhaurín de la Torre CF.
On 15 December 2019, after scoring ten goals in only 15 matches for the B's, Martínez made his first team debut by coming on as a late substitute for Armando Sadiku in a 0–0 away draw against Extremadura UD for the Segunda División championship.
in chemical and materials engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 2000 and obtained her Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Vanderbilt University in 2005 under the direction of M. Douglas LeVan.
Walton was awarded an Alternative Energy Fellowship by the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund in 2005 and completed postdoctoral research with Randall Q. Snurr in Chemical & Biological Engineering at Northwestern University from 2005-2006.
She won several prestigious research awards during that time, including the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) in 2007.
Walton became the founding director and lead principal investigator of Georgia Tech's DOE Energy Frontier Research Center UNCAGE-ME in 2014 and led her team to a renewal in 2018.
Walton served as Treasurer in the International Adsorption Society 2010-2015 and is currently the co-chair of the upcoming 14th International Conference on the Fundamentals of Adsorption (FOA14) to be held in the US in 2022.
Walton was recently selected into the 2020 cohort of the Defense Science Study Group (DSSG) and will serve a two-year term.
The DSSG is directed by the non-profit Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) and is sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
Walton serves as the associate dean for research in the College of Engineering at Georgia Tech, having been appointed to the role in 2019.
Research in the Walton Group focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of functional porous materials for use in chemical separations.
Her group is particularly interested in the behavior and modeling of complex mixture adsorption and seeks to develop structure-property relationships for adsorption and chemical stability of metal-organic frameworks.
She has also written several book chapters and is a co-author of Chapter 16: Adsorption and Ion Exchange in the recent 9th edition of Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook.
Tadeu Eliezer Patolla (born March 30, 1959) is a Brazilian guitarist and Latin Grammy Award-winning record producer best known for discovering the then-relatively new alternative rock band Charlie Brown Jr. in 1994 and launching them into mainstream fame.
He began his career, initially as a musician, in the late 1970s playing for cover bands Rock Memory and Rock Cover.
In 1994 he was acquainted with the up-and-coming band Charlie Brown Jr. through its bassist, Champignon, who sent him over a demo so he could evaluate their work.
Patolla has also worked with other bands and artists such as Biquini Cavadão, Deborah Blando, Jorge Ben Jor, Wilson Sideral, Aliados and Strike.
The story of Peel Munter, who is left lost and alone at the age of 30, when his over-protective mother dies.
The 2019-20 Penn State Nittany Lions men's ice hockey season was the 13th season of play for the program and the 7th season in the Big Ten Conference.
Eucalyptus rodwayi, commonly known as the swamp peppermint, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to Tasmania.
It has rough, fibrous to flaky bark on the trunk and branches, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruit.
Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, narrow lance-shaped or curved, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven on a peduncle long, the individual flowers on pedicels long.
Mature buds are oval to diamond-shaped, long and wide with a conical operculum about equal in length to the floral cup.
Ali Gholamzadeh (; born 13 February 2000) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Persian Gulf Pro League side Foolad.
The film was commissioned by IMAX, alongside films by Oliver Husain, Lisa Jackson, Kelly Richardson and Leila Sujir, as part of Outer Worlds, a program of short IMAX films that toured Canada in 2019 to mark the 50th anniversary of the company.
The project premiered at the 2019 Images Festival, before touring to Canada's other IMAX theatres in Victoria, Sudbury, Edmonton and Montreal.
In December 2019, the film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films.
David Dean Thompson (born ) is a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, currently serving as vice commander of the Air Force Space Command.
Born and raised in Ambridge, Pennsylvania, Thompson graduated Ambridge Area High School in 1981 and then the United States Air Force Academy in 1985.
Alireza Koushki (; born 16 February 2000) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Persian Gulf Pro League side Paykan.
Mohammad Ghaderi (; born 27 February 2000) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Persian Gulf Pro League side Machine Sazi.
The central figure, the bonneted young women dressed in an elegant blue and yellow gown and playing the piano, gazes toward the spectator.
The subject of the painting is putatively that of Maria Barbara of Portugal playing the harpsichord, being tutored by a white-haired Domenico Scarlatti raising his hand, and watched over by a red-coated Ferdinand VI of Spain.
Dwarika Devi Thakurani () was a Nepali politician, the first Nepali woman to be elected to parliament and the first woman to become a cabinet minister.
Following the election, she was also appointed deputy minister of Health and Local Self-governance on 27 May 1959 in the BP Koirala cabinet.
State Route 366 (SR 366) is the unsigned designation for the northern beltway around the city of Humboldt in Gibson County, Tennessee.
The highway begins as a two-lane highway at an interchange with US 70A/US 79 (W Main Street/SR 76 at the southwestern edge of town.
The highway then curves to the east through more industrial areas to cross a railroad overpass and enter a business district and come to an intersection with US 45W and US 45W Business (N Central Avenue/SR 5), where it widens to a four-lane highway and US 45W joins the highway.
They then pass through some neighborhoods, where they cross over another railroad overpass, before US 70A Bypass/US 79 Bypass come to an end at an intersection with US 70A/US 79 (Eastend Drive/SR 76), with the Humboldt Bypass, and unsigned SR 366, continuing south along US 45W.
The highway now curves to the south and passes through more rural areas, where it has an intersection with SR 152 (E Mitchell Street), shortly before coming to an end at an intersection with US 45W Business (E Main Street/SR 5), with the road continuing south towards Three Way as US 45W (SR 5).
Built upon extensive medieval vaults, it is first mentioned in historical sources in the 17th century, when it was the base of Egyptian honey merchants in Constantinople.
In the 19th century it became a centre of social, commercial and cultural life for Christians travelling to the city from Ottoman Bulgaria, especially tailors.
Luis Javier Gamíz Ávila (born 4 April 2000) is a Mexican footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Club Tijuana.
The mine was a shaft mine that pioneered deep shaft mining in Japan and was one of the deeper mines of its day, at parts was deep.
On December 15, 1914 coal dust and methane gas mixed together in the air until some sort of spark set off a giant explosion.
The blast sent the mine shaft cage, used to take miners in and out of the mine, flying out of the mine shaft.
After the explosion, the owners of mine cut up hundreds of oranges and tossed them down the shaft thinking that the citrus would negate the poison gas fumes.
After a short while to prevent the fire from spreading underground and destroying valuable coal the mine's entrances were sealed to put out the fire but as a result, also killing anyone who survived the initial explosion underground.
Wladimir Klitschko vs. Lamon Brewster was a professional boxing match contested between former WBO heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko and Lamon Brewster for the vacant WBO heavyweight title.
After his shock knockout defeat at the hands of Corrie Sanders, first brought in new trainer Freddie Roach to assist lead trainer Fritz Sdunek for his quick knockouts of Fabio Eduardo Moli and Danell Nicholson.
Following these fights Roach left the Klitschko camp to make way for new lead trainer Emanuel Steward who had become avaliable after the retirement of WBC & Lineal champion Lennox Lewis.
Brewster was on a five fight win streak (all by TKO) since his 2000 defeats against Clifford Etienne & Charles Shufford, he was previously set to challenge newly crowned WBO title holder Corrie Sanders, who declined the fight in favour of a bout with Vitali Klitschko for the vacent WBC belt.
After a press conference before the fight Brewster was seen in tears after talking about Slayton death, leading to comparisons with Buster Douglas who's mother passed away in the build up to his title bout with Mike Tyson.
The first four rounds were dominated by Klitschko, who knocked Brewster down in the fourth with a right hand and appeared to be close to stopping the American but he made through the round.
In the fifth round Klitschko appeared somewhat fatigued and with less than a minute left in the round Brewster caught him with a pair of left hooks than sent him into ropes which referee Robert Byrd classified as a knockdown.
After making it to his feet Klitschko attempted to return to his corner but Byrd waved the fight off giving Brewster a TKO victory and the WBO belt.
Beatriz Maria Bettanin Doria, better known as Bia Doria (born 8 May 1961), is a Brazilian plastic artist, and current First Lady of São Paulo (state), being married to Governor João Doria.
Besides the elitist tone of her declarations, she said she felt comfortable near poor people, and compared herself to Eva Perón.
She was named after Francis Asbury, one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States.
The films stars Nicolas Wright as a man trying to relax in isolation California's Joshua Tree National Park, when another man (Yoursie Thomas) shows up to offer him a prostitute.
The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Best Canadian Short Film award jury.
The London version was prepared by Nicola Haym, who composed a new overture and 24 new arias, retaining only 14 of Scarlatti’s original arias.
Pyrrhus, king of Epirus; Demetrius king of Macedonia; Climene, daughter of King Lysimachus, enemy of Demetrius; Climene, sister of Pyrrhus; Clearte, lover of Deidamia; Arbante, a knight; Marius, son of Arbante; Breno, servant of Deidamia.
He then wants to invade Asia, but Ptolemy, Seleucus and Lysimachus join forces against him, joined by Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.
The opera opened at the Queen's Theatre on December 14, 1708, with the castrato Nicolò Grimaldi (Nicolini) starring as Pyrrhus, who had sung in the original 1694 production in Naples; another castrato Valentino Urbani, (Valentini) in the role of Demetrius, Littleton Ramondon (Cleartes), Purbeck Turner (Arbantes), Margherita de L’Epine (Marius), Cook (Brennus), Catherine Tofts (Climene), Joanna Maria Lindelheim (Deidamia).
Nicolini brought with him a detailed account of the economics of Venetian opera houses, and the management of the Queen’s Theatre adapted its business model accordingly.
In accordance with Nicolini’s advice a subscription of 1000 guineas was raised from Queen Anne and both subscriptions and ticket prices were increased.
The CPA Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science is an annual award presented by the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA).
The Hebb award is presented to an individual who has made a significant contribution to Canadian psychology as a scientific discipline (as a researcher, teacher, theorist, spokesperson, or public policy developer).
The prize was originally named the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Canadian Psychology as a Science when it was presented to its first recipient, Donald O. Hebb, in 1980.
The Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS) presents the Donald O. Hebb Distinguished Contribution Award for contributions to the science of the brain, behaviour, and cognition.
Roman Sorkin (; born August 11, 1996) is an Israeli professional basketball player for Maccabi Haifa of the Israeli Premier League.
On November 10, 2017, Sorkin recorded a career-high 23 points and seven rebounds in his career start, while shooting 8-of-9 from the field, in a 70–54 win over Coppin State.
On April 28, 2018, Sorkin started his professional career with Maccabi Haifa of the Israeli Premier League, signing a three-year deal.
That season, Haifa finished the season in the last place out of 12 teams and was relegated to the Israeli National League (the second-tier league in Israel).
On April 12, 2019, Sorkin recorded a career-high 19 points, while shooting 7-of-11 from the field, along with eight rebounds in a 77–79 loss to Hapoel Afula.
On December 8, 2019, Sorkin scored a game-winner shot with 1.6 seconds left, giving Haifa a 77–75 win over Hapoel Be'er Sheva.
On December 15, 2019, Sorkin recorded a season-high 17 points, while shooting 5-of-6 from the field, along with six rebounds in an 81–95 loss to Hapoel Jerusalem.
In August 2014, Sorkin participated in the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship Division B, where he averaged 14.1 points and 9.9 rebounds per game.
The 1947 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1947 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Billy Nicks, the team compiled a 6–6 record, lost to Wilberforce State in the Fruit Bowl and to in the Prairie View Bowl, and was outscored by a total of 137 to 89.
He was educated at the University of Warwick (BA, 1977), Jesus College, Oxford (MSc, 1980), King's College London and Charles Sturt University, Sydney (PhD, 2015).
It has been home to the College of Charleston Cougars soccer teams, member of the Division I Colonial Athletic Association, since its opening in fall 2000.
In conjunction with the arrival of USL Championship club Charleston Battery to the facility for the 2020 season, the stadium is currently undergoing a renovation which will initially increase capacity to 3,900.
By the 1990s, Jo Peddicord still considered Kentner's philosophy of color to be one of the most prominent color analysis systems in the United States, and Peddicord acknowledged that Kentner had an international following.
In his thousand word testament, Ho Chi Minh extols his countrymen to continue the fight for independence and communist revolution in a unified Vietnam.
The testament also provides instructions for the Communist Party of Vietnam to lead the Vietnamese people towards socialism and national liberation.
The continues testament is the subject of wide discussion and study in Vietnam, and was central to the development of Ho Chi Minh Thought.
The Women's 500 metres grade II event was one of the events held in Ice sledge speed racing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics.
The town was founded at the end of the Civil War by the brothers John Oatman Dewees and Thomas Dewees, who became very successful cattlemen, delivering tens of thousands of Texas Longhorn cattle annually from their ranching operations in the area.
Schneider's Store, on the other hand, remains in operation, for over 85 years (since 1932), and there are a few houses near it.
The Dewees Remschel House is a historic mansion that was originally in Gonzales, Texas, where it was built by Dr. Robert Taggart Knox, sometime in the late 1860s.
The house was moved by its owner Claribel Dewees Remschel to her 130 acre ranch near Dewees (at FM 541 and CR 206) in 1983, and was renovated over the next 15 years.
The Women's 700 metres grade II event was one of the events held in Ice sledge speed racing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics.
Chef Moon () is an upcoming South Korean television mini series produced by Glovic Entertainment and Story Networks for Channel A, starring Eric Mun and Go Won-hee.
The drama is a healing romantic comedy that follows the live and love of a star chef Moon Seung-mo and a reckless famous fashion designer Yoo Yoo-jin after they meet each other at Seo Ha Village.
He loves to cook with organic ingredients while the current culinary environment is filled with food made with MSG and problematic ingredients.
Cherokee Ranch, in Douglas County, Colorado near Sedalia, Colorado, has been a purebred cattle ranch since 1954, including raising Santa Gertrudis cattle.
A former Union soldier, he arrived with his family in 1868 from Kansas in a covered wagon which brought apple tree slips.
It was extremely cold in winters along the creek, so they moved to higher ground in 1873 and built a wood frame house at the current location of ranch headquarters.
Blunt acquired others' homestead properties and eventually what he called Sunflower Ranch had on which he farmed wheat, sorghum, and steers.
The ranch has on both south and north of U.S. Highway 85, but the listing is limited to the property north of 85, which includes four historic building groups.
The Women's 1000 metres grade II event was one of the events held in Ice sledge speed racing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics.
He represented the state in both the US House of Representatives and the US Senate and twice served as United States Attorney General in the administrations of William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and Millard Fillmore.
In mathematical logic, specifically in the discipline of model theory, the Fraïssé limit (also called the Fraïssé construction or Fraïssé amalgamation) is a method used to construct (infinite) mathematical structures from their (finite) substructures.
The main point of Fraïssé's construction is to show how one can approximate a (countable) structure by its finitely generated substructures.
Given a class formula_1 of finite relational structures, if formula_1 satisfies certain properties (described below), then there exists a unique countable structure formula_3, called the Fraïssé limit of formula_1, which contains all the elements of formula_1 as substructures.
Given an formula_6-structure formula_10 with domain formula_11, and a subset formula_12, we use formula_13 to denote the least substructure of formula_10 whose domain contains formula_15 (i.e.
Fraïssé proved a sort-of-converse result: when formula_1 is any non-empty, countable set of finitely generated formula_6-structures that has the above two properties, then it is the age of some countable structure.
The archetypal example is the class formula_55 of all finite linear orderings, for which the Fraïssé limit is a dense linear order without endpoints (i.e.
This cannot be extended to an automorphism of formula_57 or formula_58, since there is no element to which we could map formula_66, while still preserving the order.
For example, the class of finite dimensional vector spaces over a fixed field is always a Fraïssé class, but it is uniformly locally finite only if the field is finite.
Jay has spoken and performer at universities around the country, including Ramapo College of New Jersey; the University of New Haven in Connecticut; Hilbert College in Hamburg, New York; Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania; Lake Superior State University in Sault Ste.
Marie, Michigan; Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan; Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia, Eastern Illinois University, and the University of Delaware.
His parents were supportive, and Jay found a clinic in New York that was willing to expedite the then-two-year waiting period for hormones.
Jay has performed at comedy events such as the Dallas Comedy Festival, Portland Queer Comedy Festival, Bridgetown Comedy Festival, and Los Angeles Pride.
He tours regularly and has played venues across the United States including Westside Comedy Theater in Santa Monica, California; the Funny Farm Comedy Club in Youngstown, Ohio; Ice House Comedy Club in Pasadena, California; and Ray Combs Florida Comedy Club.
This ellipsoid shape has low drag through the water allowing the algae to inhabit areas with significant wave and current energy.
Rapid photosynthesis produces a small oxygen bubble inside the sac which holds it toward the surface and the energy of the sun.
The sac tapers to a short stipe, or stem, that connects to a small, disc-shaped holdfast which anchors the algae to the bottom.
While a deflated sac will perish in the sun within three hours, sacs that are water-filled when the tide goes out remain moist and cool, surviving until the next tide covers them.
The species is found from the Russian Far East to the Bering and Chukchi Seas, the Aleutian Islands, mainland Alaska and south along the coast of North America to Point Conception, California.
It usually grows on rock, showing a very marked preference for the rough, exposed points of rock rather than the cracks and valleys in rock.
They appear to be identical, but close examination reveals the thalli of the tetrasporophytes to be dotted with the red tetraspores.
He was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant in the Royal Navy in September 1902, with promotion to lieutenant following in April 1905.
Leach later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1913.
He took 3 wickets in the Army first-innings, dismissing Douglas Robinson, Arthur Turner and Francis Wilson to finish with figures of 3 for 61.
He was dismissed by Francis Wyatt in both the Royal Navy innings', with the Army winning the match by 10 wickets.
After serving in the First World War, he was placed on the retired list at his own request in December 1919, at which point he held the rank of lieutenant commander.
It is a two-story house with a one-story wing to the rear, built of squared sandstone quarried by John Kinner, an immigrant from Germany.
He played for Garfield High School, where he averaged 26.7 points per game and led the team to a state championship in 1955.
He was an Associated Press (AP) honorable mention all three years and a third-team All-American by the United Press International (UPI) as a senior in 1959.
Following his college career, he was drafted by the Detroit Pistons in the seventh round (48th pick overall) of the 1959 NBA draft.
Gisela Robledo Gil (born 13 May 2003) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a midfielder for América de Cali and the Colombia women's national team.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1991.
The 1947 Texas College Steers football team was an American football team that represented Texas College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1947 college football season.
He studied at the University of Wittenberg and University of Padua and University of Ferrara where he earned a doctorate in medicine in May 1556.
In November 1563, he became a canon of the cathedral chapter in Vilnius, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and seat of the Diocese of Vilnius.
On 30 January 1567, Grand Duke Sigismund Augustus sent a request to Pope Pius V to reassign bishop from Samogitia to now vacant Diocese of Lutsk and to appoint Petkūnas as bishop of Samogitia.
The diocese did not have a permanent bishop for about four years and Petkūnas found it neglected and affected by the Protestant Reformation.
However, little is known about his activities in the diocese; he likely spent a lot of time in Vilnius and not in Samogitia.
He supported reconstruction of the Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard in Vilnius and bequeathed religious paintings from Holland, liturgical objects and robes to Varniai Cathedral.
In his last will, Petkūnas left 1,700 kopas of Lithuanian groschens to send twelve students to the Jesuit Academy in Vilnius.
In 1573, Petkūnas promoted his nephew Petras Petkūnas, ordained only as an acolyte, to a canon of the cathedral chapter in Varniai and gave him parishes in Betygala and Viduklė.
In letters of Cardinal Michele Bonelli, before his appointment as bishop, Petkūnas was evaluated as having two undesirable traits – relatively low birth and enjoying alcohol more than what would be appropriate for a bishop.
Valančius also quoted Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz who claimed that at the time of Petkūnas, the diocese was so neglected that it had just seven priests.
Based on Kove's own experience as an adoptive parent, the film depicts a woman who catches a thread in the sky which carries her to a baby girl, whom she raises and remains connected to with a red thread of love and emotional connection until the girl is a young woman old enough to go seek her own thread of connection to a baby of her own.
The film premiered at the Norwegian Short Film Festival in June 2017, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.
He entered the service of the Congo Free State, under the control of Belgium, and arrived in Vivi on 12 June 1883.
He stayed in Lukolela for two years; on 2 November 1885, he was appointed head of Bolobo station and a month later head of Equator station in Mbandaka.
Glave then offered his services to the American diplomat and businessman Henry Shelton Sanford and was back in the Congo in 1887.
After his travels on the American continent, Glave wanted to go back to Africa, this time to report on the slave trade.
However, this was only published after his death, because he died on 12 May 1895 in the Congolese port city of Matadi.
She represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 400 metres T20 event.
She represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, Brazil and she won the bronze medal in the women's 1500 metres T20 event.
She qualified to compete in this event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan after winning the silver medal at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
At the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships she won the silver medal in the women's 800 metres T20 event and also the silver medal in the women's 1500 metres T20 event.
The theater was constructed in 1964 and is located on Avenida Sete, at the west of the 19th-century Neoclassical public area, the Passeio Público.
A group of dissident students, which consisted of Echio Reis, Sônia Robatto, Carlos Petrovich, Othon Bastos, Thereza Sá, and Carmem Bittencourt, led the creation of a permanent theater.
The state government of Bahia granted a space in the Public Promenade in 1961 for the construction of the new theater.
The theater was a center of the 1960s counterculture movement, Tropicália, and cultural opposition to the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985).
The style is in stark contrast to the numerous 19th century Neoclassical structures of the Passeio Publico, and of the Palácio da Aclamação.
They include, at different time periods, the Companhia Teatro dos Novos, an experimental theater company; the Bando de Teatro Olodum, an Afro-Brazilian theater group; Viladança, contemporary dance group; Vilavox, Vila choir; Novos Novos, a children's theater group; the COATO Coletivo; and the Revista Barril.
The march started in Northland on September 14, travelling the length of the North Island arriving in Wellington on October 13 1975.
The Maori Affairs Amendment Act 1967 introduced compulsory conversion of Māori freehold land with four or fewer owners into general land.
Cooper had earned much recognition and respect over the many years of her social and political engagement among the Māori and was one of the few women in the Māori community recognized as a leader.
The march, accompanied by two trucks and a bus, led in 29 days from Te Hapua; Kaitaia; Mangamuka; Otiria; Hikurangi; Waipu; Wellsford; Orewa; Auckland; Ngaruawahia; Kihikihi; Te Kuiti; Taumarunui; Raetihi; Whanganui; Ratana; Palmerston North; Shannon, New Zealand; Otaki, New Zealand; Porirua to Wellington.
Upon arriving at Parliament, Whina Cooper presented a petition signed by 60,000 people from around New Zealand to Prime Minister Bill Rowling.
The petition called for an end to monocultural land laws which excluded Māori cultural values, and asked for the ability to establish legitimate communal ownership of land within iwi.
It brought unprecedented levels of public attention to the issue of alienation of Māori land, and established a method of protest that was repeatedly reused in the following decades, such as the occupation of the land at Bastion Point.
Richard Milo Clark (born 1964) is a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, currently serving as Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategic Deterrence and Nuclear Integration.
The 2019–20 North Caledonian Football League (known for sponsorship reasons as the Macleod & MacCallum North Caledonian League) is the 111th season of the North Caledonian Football League.
Alness United entered a period of abeyance and therefore will not play in the league from this season onwards though the number of entrants remained at nine as Bonar Bridge were reformed for the start of the season.
It is set to begin on May 29, 2020, in Gilford, New Hampshire, and is set to conclude on August 29, 2020, in Bristow, Virginia.
The 88th Rifle Division was twice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the prewar buildup of forces and again in the spring of 1942, serving until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.
It played a large role in holding and then pushing back the Finnish III Army Corps during Operation Silver Fox and for this success was redesignated as the 23rd Guards Rifle Division.
A new 88th began forming in April, 1942 based on the first formation of the 39th Rifle Brigade, mostly in the Moscow Military District and was soon assigned to the 31st Army of Western Front; it would remain in that Army for the duration of the war.
It took part in the savage and mostly fruitless fighting around the Rzhev salient into the winter of 1942/43 and then in the summer offensive that liberated Smolensk.
During the following fall it became badly depleted as Western Front repeatedly attempted to batter its way through the German defenses to Orsha.
After rebuilding in the spring of 1944 it served as part of 3rd Belorussian Front during Operation Bagration, soon being awarded a battle honor as well as the Order of the Red Banner.
During the East Prussian Offensive in January, 1945 it made steady progress, eventually earning its third Order after the battle for the Heiligenbeil Pocket.
After the East Prussian campaign the 31st Army was railed south to Czechoslovakia where the 88th ended the war marching on Prague.
The 88th Rifle Division began forming for the first time on the day the war began in Europe, September 1, 1939 at Arkhangelsk in the Arkhangelsk Military District.
Sharp states that it's possible the 88th had a special organization for operations in the roadless arctic terrain because it did not have a howitzer regiment and when it was disembarked from 10 small transports from August 9-14 it had just 7,818 personnel on strength with 58 artillery pieces of all calibres, 22 trucks and 1,928 horses in total.
The German-Finnish Operation Silver Fox had begun on July 1 with the goal of cutting the Murmansk railway and on August 7 the Finnish III Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. Hjalmar Siilasvuo, captured Kestenga.
At this point the 88th joined the Kemskaya Operations Group and took over defense of the Kestenga-Loukhi road, one of the few avenues of operation in this mostly trackless wilderness.
On August 15, while leading the division as it attempted to establish defensive positions along the Sofiangi River, General Zelentsov was killed in a German air attack; he was replaced five days later by Col. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Solovyov.
Despite this the attackers made progress and by November 6 two battalions of the 426th Rifle Regiment and a company of the 611th Regiment were fighting in encirclement.
The next day two Finnish and one German battalion that had earlier infiltrated between the two Regiments were driven back 45km along the Kestenga-Loukhi road by other Soviet forces.
On November 9 the encircled battalions of the 426th, low on ammunition and without food, were forced to break out; only 275 men returned to friendly lines.
On November 16 the offensive subsided, in part due to heavy casualties on the Axis side but also due to diplomatic pressure from the United States government which threatened consequences for Finland if its supply deliveries to the USSR were interrupted.
However this might have been, the division was credited with stopping the Finnish drive and largely in recognition of this it was redesignated as the 23rd Guards Rifle Division on March 17, 1942, one of only two Guards divisions created (the other being the 10th Guards Rifle) in the Arctic.
On February 22, 1943 two soldiers of the division would be posthumously made Heroes of the Soviet Union for their roles in the November battles.
On November 24, while fighting for the railway station on the Loukhi-Kastenga line his battalion was surrounded by enemy tanks and infantry.
In order to help his comrades to break through to friendly lines Luzan called in artillery fire on his own position.
Soon after, as SS troops were breaking into his dugout, he blew up himself and his radio with a grenade, taking several attackers with him.
The 88th began forming again on April 29, 1942 based on the 39th Rifle Brigade at Kizner in the Urals Military District.
In December the brigade was shipped north and by January 1, 1942 was in the reserves of Northwestern Front, under command of Col. V. G. Noziyak.
It was then assigned to 4th Shock Army taking part in the Toropets-Kholm Offensive and on January 21 was one of the units recognized for its role in the liberation of Toropets and the capture of the German supply base there.
By the end of the month 4th Shock came under command of Kalinin Front and the brigade remained in the Toropets salient to the west of the German-held Rzhev salient until April when it was pulled back well east of Moscow where it was disbanded to form the cadre for the new 88th Rifle Division.
Although it physically formed in the Urals the new 88th Division, based on an existing cadre, was very soon assigned to the Moscow Military District.
In June it was assigned to the 4th Reserve Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command and then in July to 31st Army in Western Front.
A powerful artillery preparation reportedly knocked out 80 percent of German weapons, after which the German defenses were penetrated on both sides of Pogoreloe Gorodishche and the 31st Army's mobile group rushed through the breaches towards Zubtsov.
By the evening of August 6 the breach in the German 9th Army's front had expanded up to 30km wide and up to 25km deep.
While this date is officially considered the end of the offensive in Soviet sources, in fact bitter fighting continued west of Zubtsov into mid-September.
At dawn on September 8, 29th and 31st Armies went on a determined offensive to seize the southern part of Rzhev.
It suspended its attacks temporarily on September 16 but resumed them with three divisions, including the 88th, on its right flank on September 21-23 with similar lack of success.
Over the course of the fighting from August 4 to September 15 the Army suffered a total of 43,321 total losses in personnel.
The offensive finally began on November 25 when the Army's shock group, consisting of the above forces minus the 20th Guards, attacked the German 102nd Infantry Division.
That division's history recorded:In three days of fighting the tank brigades were decimated and the rifle divisions suffered heavy losses, up to 50 percent on the first day alone.
The main effort was made by the 36th and 45th Corps, the latter of which had the 220th and 331st Divisions in first echelon and the 88th in second.
Between 1800 and 2000 hours the Corps overran one German battalion and threw another aside; an hour later an artillery battalion had also been overrun and it was clear the 113th's front was breaking apart.
During the night two German regiments fell back 2km where a main battle line was reestablished behind the 6m-wide Vedosa River.
Sensing confusion in the German ranks the commander of 31st Army, Maj. Gen. V. A. Gluzdovskii, committed his mobile group to break through to the Minsk-Moscow highway just 6km to the south.
The attack was resumed at dawn on August 8 and gained more ground from the 113th Infantry which was now near collapse.
By early afternoon the 260th Grenadier Regiment cracked after losing a key position and the 220th Division surged into the gap just east of the Vop.
The next day the two Soviet corps continued to try to batter their way through the German line but were stymied by 18th Panzergrenadiers; during this fighting Colonel Bolotov was killed by German tank or assault gun fire on his command post.
On the other hand a major counterattack by 18th Panzergrenadier failed to restore the original front line due to heavy Soviet artillery fire and the obstacle of the Vedosa.
45th Corps was transferred to 68th Army on September 18 and over the following week the 68th and 31st Armies pressed to encircle Smolensk, which was finally taken early in the morning of September 25.
During this month the division continued to advance towards the Belorussian border with 68th Army, but later that month 45th Corps rejoined the 31st Army.
68th Army advanced westward south of the Dniepr River in early October with 45th Corps to the rear, closing up to the defenses of the German XXVII Army Corps late on October 8.
The 88th immediately reinforced the assault of the 159th Rifle Division across the Mereya River, forcing the 18th Panzergrenadiers to withdraw westward.
The division formed a forward detachment to pursue but the German division turned back towards the east and took up new defensive positions along the Rossasenka River on October 11.
The Army prepared to resume its attacks the next day, but by now the 45th Corps was marching north to rejoin 31st Army.
31st Army also began a new attempt to reach Orsha on October 12 with 45th Corps (now including the 220th Division) serving as its second echelon and reserve.
Western Front's offensive began after an artillery preparation of 85 minutes but 31st Army immediately stalled without any appreciable gains and at considerable cost.
In preparation for a new effort 31st Army was further reinforced and regrouped its three corps south between the highway and the Dniepr, with 45th Corps in the center; the 88th and 251st Divisions were in first echelon and the 220th in second.
The shock groups smashed the defenses of the 197th Infantry Division between the villages of Redki and Novaya, at considerable cost and by early evening had penetrated 4km deep on a front 1,000m wide toward the village of Kireevo, on the main rail line to Orsha.
Two brigades of the 2nd Guards Tank Corps were committed into the penetration but were soon halted by heavy German fire from the flanks.
On October 24 the second echelon divisions were committed in a final effort to break the German defenses but failed in part due to artillery ammunition shortages.
The offensive was halted at nightfall on October 26 by which time the offensive capabilities of 10th Guards and 31st Army were completely exhausted after gaining 4-6km at a combined cost of 4,787 killed and 14,315 wounded.
The Front's first shock group consisted of the 10th Guards and 31st Armies on both sides of the Minsk highway, but by now their rifle divisions averaged only 4,500 personnel each.
The 88th was in the first echelon when the attack began on November 14 after a three-and-a-half hour artillery and air preparation, but was soon stopped in its tracks due to heavy machine gun fire.
31st and 10th Guards Armies were concentrated on a 12km-wide sector from Osintori to the Dniepr, with the 31st focused on just 3km of that with four divisions in first echelon and five in the second.
In the event the attack made virtually no ground even after the second echelon was brought up, and the Front went over to the defense on December 5.
The failure of the Orsha offensives was ascribed, apart from the strength of the German defenses, to a lack of training of Red Army replacements and a stereotyped use of artillery which did more to warn the German forces of attacks than to actually inflict damage.
By the beginning of January, 1944 the 88th, one of just four divisions remaining in 31st Army, had been assigned to the 114th Rifle Corps with the 251st Division, but by a month later it was a separate division.
In February it came under command of 71st Rifle Corps with the 331st Division; it would remain in this Corps for most of the rest of the war.
On February 27 General Gluzdovskii was ordered to prepare yet another assault on the Orsha axis in cooperation with 49th Army to his south.
Since most of his Army was involved in offensive operations in the Babinavichy sector he only had his 71st Corps for this new attack, which began on March 5 and continued over the next four days.
In the event the effort was unsuccessful at the cost to the two armies of another 1,898 killed and 5,639 wounded.
On April 11 Western Front was disbanded and 31st Army was assigned to the new 3rd Belorussian Front, where it would remain until the last month of the war.
In the buildup to the Soviet summer offensive against Army Group Center on June 12-13 the 88th and 192nd Rifle Divisions of 71st Corps were shifted north to make room for the deployment of 11th Guards Army on the sector north of the Dniepr.
When the offensive began with probing attacks on June 22 those of 31st Army were driven back by heavy artillery and mortar fire.
The following day the first echelon divisions of 71st Corps broke the German defense north of the Dniepr, and advanced 3km before being halted by increasing enemy resistance.
She used a hook ladder to help the soldiers of her company through an antitank ditch; later that day she blocked the embrasure of a German machinegun bunker with her body and was killed.
Over the next two days the 11th Guards and 5th Armies developed much more momentum along the Orsha and Bogushevsk axes, leaving 31st Army behind.
Meanwhile, in the fighting around the Vitebsk salient, by June 24 the Soviets were torn by the classic dilemma of blitzkrieg warfare -- how many units to use to close the pocket and how many to keep pressing forward before the enemy had time to create defensive positions.
39th Army, which was responsible for 3rd Belorussian Front's part of this encirclement, had only its 84th Rifle Corps available for the battle for the city itself.
Elements of 39th Army linked up with forces of the 1st Baltic Front late on the 24th, leaving the German LIII Army Corps trapped in Vitebsk and in several smaller pockets along the road leading to the southwest.
Over the next two days, as Hitler refused permission for the Corps to break out, the Soviet forces prepared to liquidate the pocket, which began at 0900 hours on June 27, preceded by a massive barrage of artillery and rockets.
After the battle for Vitebsk the division advanced along the highway to Minsk to rejoin 71st Corps as it and the 36th Rifle Corps were consolidating the success of 5th Guards Tank Army which was operation ahead.
31st Army had been assigned a leading role in the liquidation of the defeated and mostly-encircled German 4th Army and the liberation of the Belorussian capital, which was completed on July 4.
During July 5-6 the 71st Corps pursued the German forces to the west, advancing up to 40km and reaching a line from Pershaie eastward along the north bank of the Islach River as far as Rakuv.
Over the next two days the entire Front continued its pursuit in the direction of Vilnius, which was reached by 3rd Guards Mechanized Corps on the morning of July 7.
At the same time the 71st Corps was overcoming limited resistance in the Naliboki forest with the assistance of partisans and reached the Berezina River by the end of the day.
The battle for Vilnius would continue until July 13, but meanwhile on July 8 the 31st Army had advanced another 25-30km towards the Neman River.
By the next day most of the remaining defenders had begun deploying along the river line as 3rd Belorussian Front began preparing to force the Neman and also to liberate Kaunas.
At this point the Army commander, Col. Gen. V. V. Glagolev, was ordered to regroup his forces to the right flank and force the Neman along the Army's entire front.
By the end of July 17 the 11th Guards, 5th and 31st Armies had together breached the river line on a 110km front and repelled all counterattacks.
In recognition of the 88th's success in the Neman crossing on August 12 the 426th Regiment would be decorated with the Order of the Red Banner, while the 611th and 758th Regiments would each receive the Order of Aleksandr Nevsky.
The temporary defensive was in part to prepare the Front for an invasion of East Prussia, which began at 0840 hours on July 29 following a 40-minute artillery preparation and airstrikes.
A new offensive into East Prussia began on October 16; 3rd Belorussian Front planned to drive directly from Gumbinnen through Insterburg to Königsberg.
Goldap, to the south of the main drive, was soon taken, but German 4th Army committed its 102nd Panzer and Führer Grenadier Brigades to the fighting and retook it on October 25.
In a surprise attack by 31st Army on October 28 the town again changed hands, but the situation soon deteriorated as further counterattacks struck home.
By November 3 the 611th Rifle Regiment was surrounded and was ordered to break out to friendly lines the next night.
Elgin had the banner wrapped around his torso under his uniform before leading a team of four men out of the town along a single path through the woods and marshland to the east.
When the route was blocked by a German machine gun post he charged it, throwing grenades until it was destroyed with the help of his men.
Later, while crossing between the lines the party was spotted by the light of flares and a German group attempted to capture it.
Despite the overall failure of the Goldap-Gumbinnen operation the 88th received the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Degree, for its efforts on November 14.
This officer was in turn replaced on January 26, 1945 by Col. Ivan Sergeevich Lobanov, who was succeeded on February 14 by Col. Andrei Prokofevich Maltzev.
Just two weeks later Maj. Gen. Nikita Sergeevich Samokhvalov took over command and continued to lead the 88th for the duration of the war.
The objective of 3rd Belorussian Front was much as before: to penetrate the defenses north of the Masurian Lakes in the Insterburg region and then advance to launch a frontal attack on Königsberg.
31st Army remained on the Front's left flank and in the early going was ordered to firmly defend the front south of Goldap.
The Army went over to the offensive on January 22 and by the next day the German grouping facing it was in retreat.
During that day the Corps captured the important road junction of Benkheim while the Army developed the offensive toward Angerburg and Lötzen, advancing more than 45km before storming the heavily fortified strongpoint at the former location.
On April 5 the 426th Regiment would be recognized for its role in this fighting with the award of the Order of Aleksandr Nevsky.
However this was a crucial point for the German forces attempting to break out of the pocket that was forming around Königsberg.
The 129th Infantry and 558th Grenadier and 24th Panzer Divisions launched powerful counterattacks in an effort to encircle the 71st Corps and while they were unable to break into Landsberg they isolated it for several days, bypassing to the north and south and causing considerable havoc in the Soviet rear areas.
During most of February and March the division took part in the final destruction of German 4th Army in the Heiligenbeil Pocket battles.
Sergeant Nikolai Mikhailovich Lazkov, an engineer reconnaissance squad leader of the 222nd Sapper Battalion, was made a Hero of the Soviet Union for his work in Belarus from January to June of 1944, during which time he led 96 night searches and defused 586 mines with his group.
At the start of Operation Bagration, while operating behind enemy lines, his unit captured a bridge over the Orshitsa River north of Orsha and he organized its defense until relieved.
By this time the division was travelling by train south with the rest of 31st Army to join the 1st Ukrainian Front in the Sudeten Mountains of Czechoslovakia.
Arriving in the first days of May the 71st Corps saw little action, primarily providing flank security to the Front as it advanced on Prague and sweeping up prisoners.
The castle is sited atop Monte Taburno, and had been the site of prior fortifications during the medieval period, including occupations by Lombards and Normans.
Following the Italian War of 1542-1546 between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and King Francis I of France, the castle was confiscated and given in 1532 to the Marquis of the Vasto, Alfonso II d’Avalos.
The castle remained a prison until the end of the second world war, and during the 1960s it served as an orphanage (Istituto Mater Orphanorum).
The women's individual table tennis – Class 3 tournament at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro took place during 8–12 September 2016 at Riocentro Pavilion 3.
The Winnipeg Aboriginal Film Festival is an annual film festival in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, which programs a lineup of films related to First Nations, Métis, Inuit and other international indigenous peoples.
The event is a partner in the Adam Beach Film Institute, actor Adam Beach's Winnipeg-based film and media school for indigenous media arts students.
in April 2017, the band confirmed that they had two new singles ready for release for the summer, and that they planned to release the fifth studio album on 1 August 2018.
In this respect, Crossfaith have really honed their compositional skills; the transitions between the heavy and harsh verses and the big dance choruses are smoother and more fluid then ever before.
The band have clearly found their niche over the last few years, and this record serves as excellent proof of their continued songwriting brilliance and knack for finding and melding together both brutally heavy guitar work and screaming with the occasional anthemic chorus.
Despite a couple duds that just don't match the seriousness or urgency of this record's excessively better takes, I'm honestly more than happy to have now been plugged right into Crossfaith's futuristic, synthetic world.
Alina Kabata-Pendias (September 8, 1929 - April 3, 2019) was a Polish chemist working in the field of biogeochemistry and soil science.
She was a professor of agricultural sciences associated with the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy (IUNG), and the State Geological Institute (PGI).
Among other awards, she was the recipient of the Golden Cross of Merit, Order of Polonia Restituta, and the Armia Krajowa Cross.
She was the daughter of Helena, née Wojciechowicz, and Piotr Kabata, a Polish officer, at that time in the Border Protection Corps.
Kabata-Pendias received degrees at the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Pulawy (Ph.D.) and at the Agricultural University of Lublin (D.Sc.
She actively participated in the work of numerous committees of the Polish Academy of Sciences, including the chair of the Committee for Analysis for Agricultural Need of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the MAB-9 Team of the Human and Environment Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
She was a member of many scientific societies, including Polish Soil Science Society, Polish Mineralogical Society and Polish Geological Society, as well as the International Union of Soil Sciences, Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health, the International Association for Study of Clay, and the New York Academy of Sciences.
The 1996–97 season was Mansfield Town's 60th season in the Football League and 24th in the Third Division they finished in 11th position with 64 points.
Arnold made seminal contributions to the herpetology of Europe and North Africa, especially on geckos and lizards of the family Lacertidae.
Island Medics is a fly-on-the-wall documentary programme based around the day-to-day running of the NHS services in Shetland, Scotland and aired on BBC One.
The majority of the filming shows the treatment of patients admitted to the Gilbert Bain Hospital in Lerwick, but it also features other aspects of the medical profession and emergency services that take place in other locations in Shetland, as well as other aspects of island life.
The programme has subsequently been used as a promotional platform by Promote Shetland to encourage those in the medical profession to consider moving to and working in Shetland.
Before turning exclusively to production and consultation in 2017, Rick Nicita spent five decades as a professional talent agent and manager, starting May 1968 with the William Morris Agency (WMA), New York City, and later transferring to WMA's Beverly Hills offices in 1976.
I called a fraternity (Psi U) brother, Robert Levy '67, who was temporarily working at William Morris, and asked him to help me get a job there.
Rick Nicita left the William Morris Agency in 1980 to join then four year-old Creative Artists Agency, this after being hand-selected by CAA's leadership of the time, which included founders Mike Ovitz and Ron Meyer.
Nicita was later named co-chairman of CAA and then managing partner, all of this within the historical era in which CAA was considered the world's dominant talent agency.
During his time with CAA, Rick Nicita maintained a client list that included Francis Ford Coppola, Al Pacino, Rob Reiner, Bette Midler, Mick Jagger, David Lynch, Christopher Walken, Debra Winger, Tom Cruise, Anthony Hopkins, Nicole Kidman, Kurt Russell, Sally Field, and others.
Wagner was a fellow CAA talent agent who later moved to producing via Cruise/Wagner Productions, a company she formed with her then client, Tom Cruise.
The Huskies, led by sevemtj year head coach Donna Finnie, play their home games at the Sharp Gymnasium and are members of the Southland Conference.
She represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metre backstroke S4 event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships she won the gold medal in the women's 150 metres individual medley S4 and the silver medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke S4 event.
Saima (Judy Ann Santos) cares for her cancer-striken daughter Aisa (Yuna Tangog) while she awaits her husband Malang (Allen Dizon) to come home who serves as a combat medic deployed in the southern Philippines.
Their struggle is juxtaposed with the folklore of Rajah Indara Patra and Rajah Sulayman, the sons of Sultan Nabi, who fights to stop a dragon devastating Lanao.
Diego Marx Dobles was responsible for the editing, Odyssey Flores for the cinematography while Teresa Barrozo provided direction for the fim's music.
However he conceded that the issues affecting Mindanao is complex and the film's inability to fully present these issues to an audience.
Due to its critical success in the film festival's awarding night, the film organizers decided to sponsor the film's screening in future film festivals.
Tai Tau Chau () also known for its less popular name Urn Island, is an island in the water body Sham Tuk Mun, Sai Kung District, Hong Kong.
The book described that vessels can enter Rocky Harbour from Port Shelter by passing through water passage near islets Urn Island (Tai Tau Chau) and Yim Tin Tsai.
Several floating fish farms were located in the waters next to the island, known as Tai Tau Chau Fish Culture Zone.
In 1982, councillors of the Sai Kung District Board, had requested to expand the area of the Fish Culture Zone, in order to accommodate fishermen from nearby .
In 1989, a refugee camp for Vietnamese was proposed to establish on High Island, a former island that near to the Fish Culture Zone.
He represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medals in the men's 50 metre backstroke S1 and men's 100 metre backstroke S1 events.
At the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships he won the silver medal in the men's 50 metre backstroke S1 event and the bronze medal in the men's 100 metre freestyle S1 event.
At the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's 100 metre freestyle S1 event, the bronze medal in the men's 50 metre freestyle S1 event and the silver medal in the men's 50 metre backstroke S1 event.
At the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships he won the silver medal in the men's 50 metre backstroke S1 event and also the silver medal in the men's 100 metre backstroke S1 event.
He won the bronze medal in the men's 100 metres backstroke S2 event at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships.
Undercover Brother tracks The Man to his lair in Vienna, Austria, but he and his younger brother Lionel are buried in an avalanche.
Lionel disguises himself as a white cowboy and befriends The Man, who has fallen on hard times and become homeless due to losing control of his company to his gay son Manson.
Lionel is disguised as a hipster and sent to Resistance Brews, but The Man follows him and attempts to take control of his empire back from his son.
The film received generally negative reviews, with many critics noting the minimal amount of time Michael Jai White spends on screen in the actual film.
The song was written by Jonathan David Helser, Melissa Helser and Molly Skaggs, with Claude Ely receiving a posthumous credit for the interpolation of his similarly titled original composition.
An acoustic performance video shot on location in North Carolina, with Skaggs singing was published on YouTube on September 11, 2019.
Juliet McMaster is a Canadian scholar of eighteenth and nineteenth-century English literature, a specialist in Jane Austen, and Full Professor at the University of Alberta.
she received a MA and PhD at the University of Alberta, where she was the Faculty of Art's first PhD graduate.
She joined the university as a faculty member in 1965, in the Department of English, achieving the rank of Full Professor in 1986.
An avid fencer, McMaster qualified for a place on Canada's fencing team in 1965, after placing second in the National fencing championships.
Publishing the early works of established writers, Juvenilia Press involves students in the editorial, annotation, illustration and design of editions under the supervision of leading scholars.
Death Force (also known as Vengeance Is Mine) is a 1978 martial arts exploitation film directed by Cirio H. Santiago and written by Howard R. Cohen.
The film is an international co-production of the Philippines and the United States, and stars blaxploitation actor James Iglehart alongside Carmen Argenziano, Leon Isaac Kennedy, and Jayne Kennedy.
Iglehart plays Doug Russell, a veteran of the Vietnam War turned gold smuggler who is left for dead by his partners and, after being trained to wield a samurai sword by a Japanese soldier, seeks revenge on those who betrayed him.
Mary Otto is an American medical journalist who is the topic leader on oral health for the Association of Health Care Journalists.
She was a Knight Science Journalism Fellow from 2009 to 2010, and she received the Gies Award from the American Dental Education Association in 2010.
Raphael Aflalo Lopes Martins (born 8 July 1996) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Aves .
Tian Bo (; 25 December 1931 – 15 December 2019) was a Chinese virologist and professor at the School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University.
After university, he was assigned to the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), where he worked as a researcher, associate professor, full professor, and doctoral supervisor.
He was a visiting scholar at the University of Adelaide (1981), University of Düsseldorf (1986), University of Maryland, College Park (1990), University of Wisconsin System (1990), and Scottish Crop Research Institute (1993).
From the 1950s to the 1970s, Tian Bo clarified the role of virus and high temperature in the degradation of potato flower and leaf types, and worked out the technical scheme of virus-free potato seed production by virus-free shoot tip detoxification.
In the 1980s, he began to study subviruses, first used Ribonucleic acid (RNA) to control the virus diseases caused by cucumber mosaic virus in the world, and obtained potato strains with high resistance to viroids.
for the first time, he found the complex of heat shock protein gp96 and viral antigen peptide in liver cancer tissue caused by hepatitis B virus, which provided a new strategy for the development of therapeutic drugs for chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer.
The 2019–20 Northwestern State Lady Demons basketball team represents Northwestern State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Demons, led by interim head coach Aaron Swinson, who took over for Jordan Dupuy following the latter's resignation on January 26, 2020, play their home games at Prather Coliseum and are members of the Southland Conference.
The Path Which Led Me To Leninism is a short essay by Vietnamese President Ho Chi Minh that describes his first encounter with Lenin's analysis of the colonial question and his ultimate acceptance of Marxism-Leninism and communist revolution.
Throughout the essay, Ho Chi Minh describes his experiences in the French Communist Party and details his personal acceptance of Marxism–Leninism.
Confirmed as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs in the administration of Donald Trump, he served throughout his tenure as acting Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, before resigning the following year.
Stewart was born the son of a retired Air Force lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran, and, from a young age, he desired to follow in his father's footsteps.
He graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology and criminology from Auburn University, where he was also a member of the school's Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps.
President Donald Trump tapped Stewart to be Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs in January 2018 and was confirmed by the Senate on October 11.
After serving in this position and as acting Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness until December 2019, he submitted his resignation to Secretary Mark Esper.
In August 2017, it was announced Justin Simien would direct, write, and produce the film, with Oren Moverman serving as a executive producer under his Sight Unseen banner.
After leaving the TV station, he met Jacques-Henri Gagnon, then one of the bosses at Radio-Canada in Quebec, who invited him to audition for a news sports broadcasting role.
He participated in several sports broadcasts, and hosted the Formula 1 Grand Prix, tennis tournaments, figure skating, the 1986 FIFA World Cup, as well as several Olympic Games.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's long jump T20 event and the gold medal in the men's triple jump T20 event.
Claude-Hélène Perrot (September 13, 1928 - July 16, 2019) was a French historian and Africanist who specialized in the history of Côte d'Ivoire.
Perrot's main areas of research concerned the history of the Akan of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana before colonization, mainly the Anyi and the Eotile; the use of oral tradition by historians; as well as relations between traditional African religions and political power.
Perrot completed a degree in history and geography at the Sorbonne in 1950, and after obtaining a further training, became a secondary education teacher in Cholet and Coulommiers, from 1955 to 1961.
Her interests in Africa occurred during a trip to Senegal, after which she enrolled at the École pratique des hautes études, where she studied under Roger Bastide and Georges Balandier.
She retired from academia in 1993, while continuing to lead a university seminar and to travel to Côte d'Ivoire for conferences.
The tournament is divided into two championships, the Apertura and Clausura, each in an identical format and each contested by 12 teams.
A total of 12 teams will contest the league, including 11 sides from the 2018–19 season, one team promoted from the Liga de Ascenso.
Jicaral were promoted for the first time to the Liga FPD after defeating Guanacasteca in the Liga de Ascenso final, thus replacing Carmelita in the Liga FPD.
Should a different team win the playoff than won the regular season, those two teams will meet in a two-legged Grand Final for the season championship.
If the regular season winners are unable to win the playoffs, a double-legged final will be played against the playoffs winner in order to determine the champions of the Apertura tournament.
Libertador Morales, el justiciero, is a comedy-drama film produced by the Villa del Cine Foundation and directed by Efterpi Charlambidis, released on 31 July 2009.
Libertador Morales, a former policeman who now works as a motorcycle taxi driver, must face the problems of insecurity in his neighborhood and the death of his wife, for which he is to blame.
It was pre-produced and filmed in 2007, a very rainy year; the number of weeks for filming had to be extended and the schedule changed because of the rain.
Post-production began within a week after filming was completed, but this was stalled when Charlambidis' father died at the end of the year.
Upon Charlambidis' return to the project, the projected scope of it was reduced so it could be managed; Charlambidis has said that the sound element of post-production was the hardest.
Some of the original sound recordings had been lost or were unable to be used because they were ruined by the rain; re-recordings had to take place.
He suggested that cinema in the 1970s had often depicted the reality of hardships in Venezuela, but that after the government of the Bolivarian Revolution introduced more control over filmmaking, it became hard to depict this reality in cinema.
The Vietnamese Revolution: Fundamental Problems, Essential Tasks is a speech and an analysis of the principles and methods of the Vietnamese revolution, and the path forward for the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
The text, written by Le Duan, then the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and was written for the 40th founding anniversary of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
He was a postgraduate at the Changchun Institute of Physics (now Institute of Optics and Physics), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) between September 1987 and December 1989.
He taught at Nanchang University since 1992, what he was promoted to associate professor in May 1992 and to full professor in May 1995.
She studied in New York at the National Conservatory of Music and with cellists Hans Kronold and Leo Schulz, then went to Germany for further musical studies with Robert Hausmann.
Gurowitsch left the professional stage after marriage in 1919, but she occasionally played at Jewish women's events in Bergen County, New Jersey.
For example, in 1931 she played at a women's meeting of the YMHA, and in 1939 she performed at a local meeting of the National Council of Jewish Women.
The film stars Massimo Agostinelli as a window washer cleaning the windows at a dance school, who becomes fascinated by the dancers and begins to imagine himself participating in dance routines with them; eventually he is drawn in for real, when his bucket is stolen and he has to participate in a dance to recover it.
The I-17 Mystery Christmas tree is a living tree in the median of Interstate 17 (I-17) in the US state of Arizona that is decorated each Christmas by people not publicly known.
The tree is at a point where the terrain necessitated a wide separation between the northbound and southbound lanes of I-17, and the median is over wide.
The tree is surrounded by four water storage barrels and plastic drip tubing to supplement the sparse natural rainfall in the area.
In 2013, ADOT spokesman Doug Nintzel said people have told him that they know who is responsible but have not said who it is.
In 2011, a former ADOT district engineer who retired in 2005 said he knew who decorates the tree but honors their request to remain anonymous.
Due to the danger of stopping on the highway, neither ADOT nor the Arizona Department of Public Safety formally condone the activity in the median.
The median is often the site of brush fires ignited by passing vehicles, and the tree has survived many of them.
A fire in August 2011 was close enough to melt the tree's plastic irrigation system, but the tree was not seriously harmed even though the fire burned the surrounding vegetation and scorched some of the tree's lower branches.
Rômulo da Silva Machado (born 10 January 1998) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Portimonense, on loan from Londrina.
Rômulo made his professional debut with Londrina in a 3-0 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B loss to Internacional on 13 May 2017.
She won a bronze medal with Team Canada in the 2008 Summer Paralympics, becoming the first woman to score a try in a Paralympic wheelchair rugby match.
Schmutz was born and raised in Windsor, Ontario, and attended Kennedy Collegiate and St. Clair College, where she competed in OFSAA track and cross-country.
After injuring her arms and spine in a car accident in 2000, Schmutz joined the Canadian national wheelchair rugby team, becoming the third female athlete to ever be selected.
After qualifying for the 2008 Summer Paralympics, Schmutz became the first woman to score during a Paralympic wheelchair rugby competition as Canada went on to win a bronze medal.
Two years later, Schmutz was elected to the Board of Directors for the ON Para Network as the Wheelchair Rugby Representative, and was eventually named to Wheelchair Rugby Canada's Board of Directors.
He is a Mandopop and Hokkien pop singer-songwriter, and in 2012, won the Golden Melody Award for Best Taiwanese Male Singer.
Huang has performed at the Pier 2 Arts Center in Kaohsiung, Riverside Live House in Taipei, as well as Legacy Taipei, and the affiliated Legacy Taichung.
Anderson de Oliveira da Silva (born 16 January 1998) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Portimonense.
Oliveira made his professional debut with Londrina in a 1-0 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B loss to Juventude on 8 June 2018.
The film centres on the relationship between Mr. Jones (John Gilbert), a bedridden older man, and Kumar (Ivan Smith), his Indo-Canadian caretaker whose power in the relationship is threatened when Mr. Jones begins responding favourably to treatment by Melissa (Michelle Duquet), a new physical therapist.
Four young lovers go into the woods pursue their romantic desires but find their fantasies and secrets being used against them.
The film was produced as a pilot for a planned hour-long anthology series but the pilot was not picked up as a series.
The pilot was originally scheduled to premiere on July 28, 2017 but was then moved to July 14 and then again to July 31, when it ultimately aired.
She then traded with India as an East Indiaman, sailing under a license issued by the British East India Company (EIC).
Her master was Captain George Donaldson, and she was carrying 66 or 74 Irish emigrants, two of whom died on the voyage.
Sérgio Assis Capitango Fernando Santos (born 2 October 1998) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Portimonense.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity but there has been recent suggestion that this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
In the field of epigenetics, histone acetylation (and deacetylation) have been shown to be important mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
The song was written by Anouk, Satindra Kalpoe and Bart van Veen, and it was produced by George Kooymans, Barry Hay and John Sonneveld.
It was released through Dino Music in the Netherlands and Ireland, BMG in Europe and Australia and Columbia Records in the United States.
In early 1998, the song began to gain popularity in the rest of mainland Europe, especially in the Flanders region of Belgium and the Nordic countries, reaching the top 10 in these regions; in Iceland, it peaked at number one for two weeks.
A music video shot in black and white was made for the song, featuring clips of Anouk singing and dancing to the song.
It first charted on the Single Top 100 chart on 20 September 1997 at number 94, then debuted on the Dutch Top 40 Tipparade chart on 4 October at number 30.
On 15 November, the song rose to number two on both charts on stayed at that rank for four weeks on both listings.
It remained on the Dutch Top 40 for 20 weeks and the Single Top 100 for 40 weeks, earning a Platinum certification from NVPI for shipments of over 75,000 units.
It made its first foreign chart appearance on the Swedish Singles Chart on 12 December 1997, climbing to a peak of number two on 16 January 1998 and keeping the position for five weeks.
The song then garnered success in Iceland starting in early March, debuting at number four on the Íslenski listinn chart and topping the listing on the weeks of 20 and 27 March.
It reached its peak of number 34 on 8 August and spent a total of 14 weeks in the top 100.
Since its foundation in 2008 by Sue Collins and Maureen Drummond, the group's spokespersons have been advocating against mandatory vaccination for school children.
Scientists and medical experts have countered many of these statements, arguments against vaccination being contradicted by overwhelming scientific consensus about the safety and efficacy of vaccines.
Several experts such as Paul Offit have said campaigns by groups such as the New Jersey Coalition for Vaccination Choice contribute to vaccine hesitancy, even as New Jersey's vaccination rates decline, putting the population in increasing danger.
New Jersey Coalition for Vaccination Choice was instrumental to bringing some 400 protesters to the New Jersey State House on December 12, 2019, as legislators were debating a measure meant to tighten the state's vaccine exemption regulations.
Supported by anti-vaccination activist Del Bigtree, some of the parents said they would take their children out of school rather than have them vaccinated.
A call for action by the group brought an angry crowd to committee hearings in 2018 when state legislator were debating a similar measure.
A 2009 meeting between representatives of the group, including anti-vaccination activist Louise Kuo Habakus, and New Jersey governor Chris Christie put the governor in political difficulty when he seemed to agree with the debunked belief that vaccines cause autism.
He says that he was a priest of the church of Würzburg and he dedicated his work to a friend named Dietrich (Theoderic).
Possibly the copyist or whoever added the description of John to the Tegernsee manuscript confused him with his friend, who is sometimes identified with Dietrich of Hohenburg, who was bishop of Würzburg in 1223–24.
John's pilgrimage took place while the holy places belonged to the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, but before the major renovation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
His account is not entirely based on what he himself saw, he admits that he made use of eyewitness reports and in some cases borrowed from other travel guides (especially Fretellus).
He probably landed at Acre, when he travelled to Nazareth, Jenin, Nablus, Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Jaffa, where he took ship home.
19418 in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, dates to the late 12th or early 13th century and comes from Tegernsee Abbey.
The text is structured around the life of Jesus and divided into seven sections highlighting his birth, baptism, passion, descent into Hell, resurrection, ascension and judgement.
Three days afterwards is the anniversary of noble Duke Godfrey [of Bouillon] of happy memory, the chief and leader of that holy expedition, who was born of a German family.
His anniversary is solemnly observed by the city with plenteous giving of alms in the great church, according as he himself arranged while yet alive.
But although he is there honoured in this way for himself, yet the taking of the city is not credited to him with his Germans, who bore no small share in the toils of that expedition, but is attributed to the French alone.
Paul Ayongo (born 16 November 1996) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Mafra, on loan from Paços de Ferreira.
Ayongo made his professional debut with Paços de Ferreira in a 3-2 Taça da Liga win over Académico de Viseu on 28 July 2018.
He made his Canadian National Team debut at the 2016 Summer Paralympics where he won a silver medal in the Men's 1500 metres T37.
In 2013, Stanley was honoured as Canadian Para Soccer Player of the Year after playing for the Canada national cerebral palsy football team in the Tournoi international and Intercontinental Cup.
The following year, Stanley qualified for the America Cup and was named Canadian Para Soccer Player of the Year for the second consecutive time.
He was later named to Team Canada's roster for the 2015 CP Football World Championships and the 2015 Parapan American Games.
Stanley eventually made his Paralympic debut during the 2016 Summer Paralympics, earning a silver medal in the Men's 1500 metres T37.
Upon qualifying for the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships men’s T38 800-metre final, Stanley set a new record for fastest time with 2 minutes and 5.89 seconds.
During the finals, Stanley took home a silver medal with a time of 4 minutes and 37.96 seconds during the Men's 1500 metres.
On September 26, 2019, Stanley was named to Team Canada's roster for the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships, where he placed fifth in the men's 1500-metre T38 finals.
The Men's individual table tennis – Class 8 tournament at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro took place during 8–12 September 2016 at Riocentro Pavilion 3.
The men's individual table tennis – Class 7 tournament at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro took place during 8–13 September 2016 at Riocentro Pavilion 3.
Ruth Fahrbach (born November 25, 1942) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 61st district from 1981 to 2009.
She left Saint Petersburg in 2006, and now lives in Amman, Jordan, where she works as a journalist as well as a novelist, though she maintains strong ties to both cities.
The literary critic Ali Hassan Al-Fawaz responded with an article rejecting the premise, describing Al-Zou'bi's writing as transcending simple political interpretations; Al-Zou'bi's novels, he argues, require a reader who will rise to the semiotic challenges of her symbolic writing.
In February 2018, the Media Commission forbade circulation of the novel within Jordan and asked distributors to re-export any copies they had in their possession.
Much of the book takes the form of the diary of an old man who was the prior occupant of his windowless room.
The literary critic Walid Abu Bakr described the novel as a combination of the myth of Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the myth Sisyphus, contrasting heroic and absurd models of eternity.
Isaac Lumago (1939 – 8 May 2012) was a Ugandan military officer who served as chief of staff for the Uganda Army from 1977 to 1978, and later became leader of the Former Uganda National Army (FUNA).
In July 1976 he was in Kenya, and he overheard Kenya Air Force officers on 4 July, discussing plans by Israel to carry out a raid against Entebbe International Airport to free hostages who were held there by Palestinian and German airplane hijackers with the complicity of the Ugandan government.
Lumago and Colonel Gad Wilson Toko, who was in Nairobi for non-military reasons, managed to telephone Brigadier Isaac Maliyamungu after failing to reach Uganda Army Chief of Staff Mustafa Adrisi.
Maliyamungu, who was reportedly drunk at a night club, dismissed the warning and told both men that since they were acting in civilian capacities they both should not involve themselves in military matters.
In January 1977 Lumago, at the rank of general, was appointed Chief of Staff of the army and Minister of State for Defence.
In early 1978, a political rivalry between Adrisi and President Idi Amin gradually escalated until the latter was injured in a suspicious car accident.
Afterwards, on 8 May he was dismissed as Chief of Staff and Minister of State for Defence and relegated to inspecting the equipment of the army's mechanised regiments.
He accepted, joined Okello's government, and consequently began to fight against another rebel movement, the National Resistance Army (NRA) of Yoweri Museveni.
Meanwhile, FUNA was accused of gross indiscipline, reportedly raping and murdering civilians in the capital and other areas, though Lumago denied these charges.
The clinic referred him to Arua Referral Hospital in Arua, where he was taken and admitted into the intensive care unit.
After graduating, Deahl clerked for Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit Judge Fortunato Benavides and Supreme Court Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Anthony Kennedy.
President Trump renominated Deahl on May 2, 2019, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the District of Columbia Court of Appeals to the seat vacated by Eric T. Washington.
The German Space Operations Center (GSOC; ) is the mission control center of German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich, Germany.
After the Federal Republic of Germany decided in the 1960s to launch a national space program and to participate in international space projects, the idea of having its own space control center became concrete.
In 1967, then Federal Minister of Finance Franz Josef Strauss laid the foundation stone for the first building complex, which was also opened a little later.
Indeed, the GSOC then accompanied two crewed missions: During STS-61-A in 1985, GSOC took over the control of the Spacelab, while flight control continued from NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center was acquired.
This also means that, for the first time, a human spaceflight was (partially) monitored from outside the USA or the Soviet Union.
During this mission, then Bavarian Prime Minister Franz Josef Strauss announced on 5 November 1985 an extensive investment program with which the role of Oberpfaffenhofen in European spaceflight should be increased.
John Wyeth was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the son of Ebenezer Wyeth, II, who fought at Bunker Hill, and Mary Wyeth, and the younger brother (by 12 years) of Joshua Wyeth who at the age of 16 participated in the Boston Tea Party.
The following year he was appointed postmaster by George Washington, but in 1798 John Adams, who saw a conflict of interest in having a newspaper man also act as postmaster, dismissed him, although they were both Federalists.
In short, if many years attention to the charms of church music, if an extensive acquaintance with the taste of teachers of the first emininence in the United States, and with the possession of some thousand pages of selected music to cull from, be considerations, which may added to the merit of the editor's undertaking...
Ross Ellison mentions the shrewdness in discovering a newly emerging musical market (revival music and camp meeting songs) as the significance of Wyeth's his contribution to American music.
Warren Steel qualifies this assessment by drawing attention to the fact that Wyeth grew up in the Boston-Cambridge area at a time when singing-schools were popular, and when William Billings and others were creating American choral music.
The Dzhagdy is a range in northeastern Siberia, located in the northeast of Amur Oblast and the western side of Khabarovsk Krai.
It is part of the Yankan - Tukuringra - Soktakhan - Dzhagdy group of mountain ranges (which also includes the Turan Range), being the easternmost of the group.
The slopes of the range are covered by conifer forests, part of the Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests ecoregion, together with the Greater Khingan (Da Hinggan) Range of Manchuria, China.
Russell Dermond was found dead on May 6, 2014, in the garage of the house he owned next to Lake Oconee in Putnam County, Georgia.
More than a week later, her body was discovered at the bottom of Lake Oconee, about five miles from her house.
She appeared to have died from a blow to her head, and her body had been weighted down with concrete blocks.
Russell and Shirley went on to move to the Great Waters Reynolds Lake Oconee gated community, about 12 miles northeast of Eatonton.
Russell and Shirley were expected to attend a party for the 2014 Kentucky Derby the following weekend with their neighbors, who grew concerned when the Dermonds did not show up.
A subsequent autopsy found that she had died from either two or three deep wounds to the head from a blunt object.
Although the perpetrator and motive remain unknown, Putnam County sheriff Howard Sills has said he is convinced that multiple people were involved.
Because gunshot residue was found on Russell's collar, Sills also believes that Russell was decapitated after having been shot in the head in an attempt to prevent police from finding the bullet, and that the perpetrators went to the Dermonds' home intending to obtain money, despite the fact that nothing in the home was stolen.
He served as the head football coach at Kentucky State University from 2009 to 2012 and The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) from 2013 to 2015, compiling a career college football coaching record of 28–42.
He has been President of the PLA Ground Force Engineering University since September 2015, and formerly served as Vice-President of PLA Information Engineering University.
On September 25, 2015, he was promoted to become President of the PLA University of Science and Technology (now PLA Ground Force Engineering University), replacing Zhang Yafei.
The song was written by Melody Ruíz, Vicky Echeverrí, Juanfran Parra, Elliot Justo, Junior De La Rosa, and Rafa Vergara who also produced the song.
It has smooth grey bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cylindrical to urn-shaped fruit.
The flower buds are borne in groups of seven or nine on a thickened peduncle long, the individual flowers on pedicels long.
It is only known from the area between Marble Bar, Newman and the Rudall River National Park in the Little Sandy Desert and Pilbara biogeographic regions.
The Men's China Squash Open 2019 was the men's edition of the 2019 China Squash Open, which is a tournament of the PSA World Tour World Tour Gold event (Prize money : 112 000 $).
Leann L. Birch (born Leann Elsie Traub; – ) was an American developmental psychologist, best known for her research on children's eating behaviours.
She completed her graduate studies in psychology at the University of Michigan, earning a master’s degree in 1973 and a PhD in 1975.
From 1972 to 1992, Birch was a faculty member at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where she headed the Department of Human Development and Family Studies.
She served on a number of committees dedicated to obesity prevention, including a term as the chair of the Committee on Obesity Prevention Policies for Young Children at the Institute of Medicine from 2009 to 2011.
Her research program is credited for its influence on policy and position statements from scientific and professional bodies, such as the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Healthy Eating Research program.
She conducted research on a number of subtopics within this area, including selective eating, parental influences on eating behaviors, and psychological aspects of obesity, from infancy through adolescence.
Birch co-led a project evaluating an intervention designed to teach first-time parents effective ways to respond to their infants' needs, aside from feeding.
At three years old, children in the intervention group had lower BMIs, compared to children in a control group, and a smaller proportion who could be categorized as overweight or obese.
The Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital offers nearly 4,000 beds and is among the largest hospitals in terms of available beds.
Chang Gung receives an average of 8.2 million annual outpatient visits with 2.4 million inpatient treatment and has an average of 167,460 annual surgical patients.
In 2014, Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare recorded approximately 2,700 physicians from around the world have trained at hospitals in Taiwan.
Piedra Rodante was a Mexican news and culture paper, purportedly the Mexican version of the Rolling Stone magazine with some licensed content from its American counterpart.
With a total of 9 issues published and one unreleased from late 1970 to early 1972, the magazine was forced to close down following the Echeverria's systematic crackdown of La Onda after the Avandaro Festival.
According to Aceves, its publicity on the magazine proved enough for journalist Blanco Moheno to persuade the then-secretary of Education Bravo Ahuja to pressure Moya Palencia and Echeverria to shut down the magazine.
Although some personalities from the left and the right were highly critical -but somehow tolerant- of the magazine such as Zabludovsky and Monsivais, the most reactionary of them all was Blanco Moheno, who even called for Aceves to be executed.
During the Avandaro festival and in front of Cablevision cameras of the Alfredo Gurrola team as well as dozens of photographers -among them Graciela Iturbide-, a woman performed a striptease.
In 2001, Oscar Sarquiz, -one of the collaborators of the magazine- revealed via La Jornada that the interview was fabricated and accused Manuel Aceves of the fabrication, something Aceves denied; however, Rubli Kaiser, an Avandaro attendee and an independent researcher, conducted a thorough investigation visiting the Archivo General de la Nacion, where he found the true identity of the woman.
In 2016, Djemai won a bronze medal in men's 1500 metres T37 at the 2016 Summer Paralympics with a time of 4:17.28.
The next year, he was selected to compete for Algeria at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships, where he won a bronze medal in the men’s 1500m.
Gangubai Kathiawadi is an upcoming Indian biographical crime film written, directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and produced by Bhansali and Jayantilal Gada under their respective banners Bhansali Productions and Pen India Limited.
The film is based on the life of Gangubai Kathiawadi, a young girl sold into prostitution by her boyfriend Ramnik Lal, Later she becomes the madam of a brothel in Kamathipura.
Fluent in all areas of the Talmud, halakha (Jewish law), and hashkafa (Orthodox Jewish worldview), he was the general editor of the 73-volume Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud published by ArtScroll.
After his bar mitzvah, he was accepted to the Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia where, albeit younger than the other students, he skipped two grades and was accepted to the beth midrash (undergraduate-level) program under Rabbi Mendel Kaplan.
He next studied at Yeshivas Iyun HaTalmud in Monsey, New York, under Rabbi Abba Berman, a main disciple of Rabbi Yerucham Levovitz.
After receiving rabbinic ordination from Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, Malinowitz served as a dayan (rabbinical court judge) for the rabbinical court of Kollel HaRabbanim in Monsey.
In 1992 Malinowitz was appointed, along with Rabbi Yisrael Simcha Schorr, as general editor of the Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud published by ArtScroll.
Xiang Libin (; born March 1967) is a Chinese research professor at the Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He is a member of the Chinese Society for Optical Engineering (CSOE) and Chinese Optical Society (COS), and an academician of the CAS.
He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China in July 1990, and doctor's degree from the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanice, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in June 1995.
In February 1998 he was assigned to the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanice, Chinese Academy of Sciences, serving until February 2005.
From March 2005 to September 2006 he successively served as deputy director and director of the Bureau of High Technology Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In September 2006 he was promoted to become dean of Xi'an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and held that office until June 2008.
Key players included Wild Bill Battles at quarterback, team captain Alex Moore at tackle, Country Reeves at center, and William Green at fullback.
The seat was declared vacant after the Federal Court on 2 December 2019 upheld the Election Court's ruling earlier on 16 August, nullifying the sitting Member of Parliament (MP), Anifah Aman's victory in the 2018 general election (GE14).
Anifah was the former Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2018 and formerly a member of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) part of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition until he left to become an independent, despite the fact that he had been a 4-term MP for Kimanis since 2004 and had just retained the seat under BN in the 2018 election a few months prior.
The Election Commission (EC) had set the nomination day on 4 January, early voting on 14 January and polling day for 18 January 2020 with a 14-day campaign period.
The electoral roll in the parliamentary constituency to be used would be the one up to the third quarter of 2019 which was last updated on 9 December 2019 with a total of 29,664 voters made up of 52,698 ordinary voters, 9 early voters while 1 absentee voters (who are abroad).
Kimanis which consists of the Bongawan and Membakut state seats, has about 68% Muslim-bumiputras voters of mainly Bruneian Malay, Bisaya and Bajau communities, some 25% non-Muslim bumiputras voters of mainly ethnic Kadazan-Dusun and Murut, while the remaining 7% were Chinese and others.
On 11 December 2019, Sabah Pakatan Harapan (PH) Chairman and Deputy Chief Minister Christina Liew said that PH confirmed that they will pave a way to field a candidate from the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) and support the candidate.
Previously, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) had offered to contest the by-election but decided to support the WARISAN candidate instead.
Karim Bujang, the WARISAN candidate for Kimanis in GE14 who had lost and filed the election petition, was once again nominated as WARISAN's candidate for the by-election.
The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR), United Sabah National Organisation (USNO Baru), Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) and the Sabah United Party (PBS) have declined to contest the by-election, paving the way for a possible straight fight between BN and Warisan.
On Nomination Day, BN's Mohamad Alamin and WARISAN's Karim Bujang filed their nomination papers, setting the stage for a two-cornered fight for the parliamentary seat.
Two Kinds of Love is a 1920 American silent Western film directed by B. Reeves Eason and starring George A. McDaniel, Ted Brooks, Jimsy Maye, B. Reeves Eason Jr., and B. Reeves Eason.
It is affiliated to the State Association, the Kerala Football Association, which in turn is affiliated with the All India Football Federation(AIFF).
The Thiruvananthapuram District Football Association (TDFA), one of the oldest is the official District body for development, conduct and organization of football in the city of Thiruvananthapuram and its suburbs.
The hospital network has approximately 2,500 beds and has three institute and centers, the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhao Bingnan's Medical Center of Dermatosis, Beijing International Training Center for Acupuncture as well as an additional 26 clinical departments.
Its flagship location is the Capital Medical University Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine located on 23 Meishuguan Back St in Beijing.
Beijing International Acupuncture Training Center, a subsidiary of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been visited and studied by roughly 30,000 people from over 80 countries.
Situated close to the hill station Lonavala and north of Pune, Indori fort rises to an elevation of above sea level.
In December 2019, she made headlines for her efforts in building houses with abondoned plastic bottles to eradicate plastic pollution in Kenya.
She is the co-founder of Trace Kenya, a community based organisation which works jointly with youngsters in addressing issues related to solid waste management.
It also became the first company in Kenya to manufacture roof tiles and other construction materials from plastic and glass waste.
Halata made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League for FC Vorskla as a substituted on 15 December 2019, playing in a winning match against FC Karpaty Lviv.
It is possible to access the summit of Shek O Peak after hiking for about 30 minutes from the To Tei Wan bus stop on Shek O Road.
At the end of 2008 he was appointed Chief Rabbi of the Netherlands, this appointment includes all the municipalities of the Netherlands, except the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague.
Jacobs obtained his semicha (rabbinical ordination) from Rabbi Isser Yehuda Unterman, the Chief Rabbi of Eretz Israel, the highest rabbinical authority in jewish law (Halacha), and Rabbi Zalman Nehemia Goldberg, a prominent rabbi in Israel.
Jacobs is the Chief Rabbi of the Netherlands, the president of the rabbinical school of the Netherlands, and the rabbi of the Sinai Center located in Amstelveen, the only jewish psychiatric center in Europe, with more than 3,000 patients.
When on March 17, 2019, the victims of the terrorist and islamophobic attacks against two mosques located in Christchurch, New Zealand, were commemorated at the Dam Square in Amsterdam, Jacobs was one of the speakers, when he spoke, a small group of pro-palestinian protesters turned their backs on him.
An abuse case took place at this school in 2012, which in 2018 resulted in the conviction of a teacher involved in the events.
Jacobs has been able to build an extensive network of friendship and cooperation with several churches, especially with the christian community: Orthodox, protestant and roman catholic alike.
Jacobs has participated in the organization of many exhibitions about Judaism On April 27, 2012, the Chief Rabbi Jacobs was appointed officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau.
Fox had known the Safdie brothers for almost a decade, having first met Josh Safdie through a chance encounter at a cafe in SoHo, Manhattan.
After being educated in Paris, he began his career as a salesman before working as a cinematographer at Gaumont, Selig, and Metro.
Given a complex Lie algebra formula_1, its conjugate formula_2 is a complex Lie algebra with the same underlying real vector space but with formula_3 acting as formula_4 instead.
A complex Lie algebra is isomorphic to its conjugate if and only if it admits a real form (and is said to be defined over the real numbers).
Given a complex Lie algebra formula_1, a real Lie algebra formula_7 is said to be a real form of formula_1 if the complexification formula_9 is isomorphic to formula_1.
On the other hand, a real form formula_7 is simple if and only if either formula_1 is simple or formula_1 is of the form formula_16 where formula_17 are simple and are the conjugates of each other.
Conversely, suppose there is a formula_25-linear isomorphism formula_27; without loss of generality, we can assume it is the identity function on the underlying real vector space.
Let formula_39 be a Cartan subalgebra of formula_1 and formula_41 the Lie subgroup corresponding to formula_39; the conjugates of formula_41 are called Cartan subgroups.
The Lie subgroup formula_47 corresponding to the Borel subalgebra formula_48 is closed and is the semidirect product of formula_41 and formula_50; the conjugates of formula_51 are called Borel subgroups.
Dricus Du Plessis (born 14 January 1994) is a South African professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Middleweight division of EFC Africa, where he is the current Middleweight Champion.
Du Plessis made his professional debut in 2013, amassing an undefeated 4-0 record before facing future UFC veteran and then-EFC Middleweight Champion Garreth McLellan at EFC Africa 33, losing via guillotine choke submission in the third round.
In June of 2015, Du Plessis made his Welterweight debut at EFC Africa 40 against Dino Bagattin, winning via a second-round rear-naked choke submission.
After going 3-0 in 2015, Du Plessis faced veteran striker Martin Van Staden at EFC 50 for the vacant EFC Welterweight Championship.
Du Plessis returned to EFC in 2017, defeating Brazilian Mauricio Da Rocha Jr. in a Welterweight contest before facing Yannick Bahati at EFC Africa 62 for the Middleweight Championship.
In 2018, Du Plessis was slated to face KSW Welterweight Champion Roberto Soldić for the KSW title at KSW 43 on April 14.
The two would later rematch at KSW 45: Return to Wembley in the fall of that year, with Du Plessis being defeated via third-round knockout.
After Brendan Lesar upset veteran Garreth McLellan for the EFC Interim Middleweight Championship at EFC Africa 80, Du Plessis was next set to face Lesar for the title at EFC Africa 83.
Instead, both of her parents wanted her to focus on her education and pursue a career in law as they thought fashion would not provide a stable future.
She pursued her degree in law and then married Nadir Khayat, a Moroccan record producer, singer and songwriter, popularly known by his stage name: RedOne.
After their marriage, the couple moved to New York, where Laila took a one year course in fashion and started working as a stylist.
Aziz has a special connection with the United Arab Emirates, as she believes that the country has an amazing multiculturalism, which is reflected in her work.
She received her Masters in Philosophy in Photography at the Royal College of Art, London (2006–2007) and an MFA in Photography from the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia, California.
Her work has been displayed at Kunstverein Springhornhof in Neuenkirchen, Germany; Madison Museum of Contemporary Art in Wisconsin; Focal Point Gallery UK; Maraya Art Centre in Sharjah UAE; LAXART in Los Angeles; the MOT International Projects in London and more.
Schoen has lectured about photography and visual interpretation at Otis College of Art & Design, Goldsmiths, CCA, The Royal College of Art and The School of Visual Arts.
Based in part on an account told to Mendes by his paternal grandfather, Alfred Mendes, it chronicles the story of two young British soldiers in the spring of 1917 during World War I, who are given a mission to deliver a message warning of an ambush, soon after the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line during Operation Alberich.
It was theatrically released in the United States on 25 December 2019 by Universal Pictures, and in the United Kingdom on 10 January 2020, by eOne.
At the 77th Golden Globe Awards the film won for Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Director, while at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards it received nine nominations, including Best Film.
At the 25th Critics' Choice Awards the film won for Best Director, Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing, and at the 92nd Academy Awards, the film received ten nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director.
It was also selected by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute as one of the top 10 films of the year.
Finkenberg’s Sons Furniture Inc. was a furniture department store chain founded in Manhattan in 1870, and by 1940, the company expanded across New York City, becoming one of the largest furniture retail chains in the New York metropolitan area.
In 1919, access to the corporate headquarters, located on 2279 Third Avenue, was impeded by the closure of the ferry line between Yorkville, Manhattan and Queens.
As a result, the company’s President, Frederick Finkenberg, was appointed to the board of the Triborough Bridge and tasked with creating an additional gateway into Manhattan.
A decade later, as the Triborough Bridge’s Reception Committee Chairman, Finkenberg assisted in the organization of the bridge’s dedication ceremony, attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, and Governor Herbert Lehman.
Finkenberg’s Sons opened its flagship store in 1927, which encompassed a five-story building that expanded the entire block across from Bloomingdale's.
It was at this location that the first Jumbo Philco, billed as the world's largest radio, was on display for public viewing.
In 1938, the company opened a store across the Hudson River, and a year later, an expansive outlet was added to the chain's mantel, located on 36th Street and Eighth Avenue.
In 1948, Finkenberg’s Sons was sold and renamed Finkenberg’s Furniture Co, and the furniture chain's midtown location, between 58th and 59th Streets and Lexington and Third Avenues, was transformed into Alexander's Department Store.
Adolph Finkenberg was a founding member of New York City’s Temple Israel, contributed to helping orphans, and sheltered African Americans during New York City's race riots in the early 1900s.
Adolph Finkenberg; his wife, Emma; along with his eight children; and their spouses rest in the family’s mausoleum located in Mount Hope Cemetery in New York.
It is hiked as part of the Razors Edge Ridge Hike which brings hikers to both Pak Tai To Yan and nearby Tai To Yan.
Born 14 December 1831 in the village of Tuhanbay, Kulil-Minsk volost Belebeyovskiy uyezd Orenburg province (currently the Miyakinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan).
According to the census documents of the 19th century, the father is Kamaletdin Iskuzhin (born in 1805), the designated imam, and his mother is Bibiummugulsum Salimyanova (born in 1809), both are Bashkirs - the heirs of the Kulil-Minsky volost Belebeyevsky uyezd] (from the Bashkir clan Meng).
The future poet received primary education in his native village, studied in madrasah of the neighboring villages of Menouztamak and Anyasovo.
In the mid-1850s he was a shakird of a madrassah (school) in the village of Sterlibashevo, where he received lessons from the famous Sufi poet Shamsetdin Zeki.
He taught children, was engaged in various crafts, in particular, worked as a carpenter, and also became known as a talented poet-improviser.
Miftahetdin Akmulla on his cart, in special compartments of which he kept books and manuscripts, carpentry and other tools, roamed the Bashkir villages of the upper reaches of the Ural River, the Agideli River, the Miass River Valley, and also in the steppes Kazakhstan, distributing among people humanistic ideas, including the views of Tatar enlighteners.
All year round he traveled from one village to another, on Sabantuy competed with famous sesens (poets) in the art of poetic improvisation, and also read his poems to the people (Turkic peoples are very fond of poetry).
According to the denunciation of the Kazakh Batuch Isyangildin was he convicted of evading military service in the imperial army and for four years (1867–1871) was in Trinity Prison.
The reason for Miftahetdin’s imprisonment was, according to researchers, the fact that he was considered to be a Bashkir hiding from military service among Kazakhs.
The young woman suffered from a lack of her own housing, constant moving, and when they ended up in her native land, she ran away from her husband.
On the night of on the road from Troitsk to Zlatoust near the Miass Plant near the railway station Syrostan was killed.
According to Bashkir scholars, Akmulla created most of his works in Bashkir and Kazakh languages, as well as in the Türkic language, which served as a common language for the Türkic peoples.
According to researchers of Old Tatar literature, the language of most Akmullah's works is mixed Kazakh-Tatar, since it combines elements of both languages.
Before the October Revolution 1917, his books were published in Tatar, with frequent inclusion of individual Bashkir and Kazakh words and phrases, idiomatic expressions and comparisons, traditional images from Bashkir and Kazakh folklore.
Miftahetdin’s work was permeated by the humanistic ideas of that time, and included advanced trends in the social life of Russia.
The views, ideals, philosophical ideas of Akmulla were born in the struggle against religious fanaticism and the manifestations of medieval scholasticism, against oppression of the people.
He saw the main way to make life easier for the common people in education, in mastering knowledge, in eradicating ignorance.
The central place in Akmulla's worldview was occupied by the question of the place of knowledge in the life of society.
He adhered to the positions idealism and in understanding the laws of social development, he believed that the social problems can be eliminated through education.
For Akmulla, the central place in the system of his values was occupied by knowledge and upbringing, the inner purity of man, problems of moral and moral order.
Miftahetdin Akmulla is widely known not only in Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation, but also in the countries of the former USSR.
In 1981, in connection with the anniversary of the poet, the Bashkir Book Publishing House published in Bashkir the one-volume works.
A hammercloth is a large decorative piece of fabric, often fringed and richly adorned with embroidery, gemstones, and cloth of gold, placed over and around the seat of the coachman of a traditional horse and carriage.
One is that a coachman used to carry his tools, including a hammer, with him underneath his seat to perform repairs to a carriage should it break down on the road.
Clinic Klagenfurt am Woerthersee () formerly LKH Klagenfurt, is a maximum care teaching hospital located in the Carinthian capital, Klagenfurt in Austria.
With around 1,800 beds, roughly 62,000 inpatients per year and approximately 527,000 outpatient treatments, it is the third largest hospital in Austria.
These included the state hospital in Klagenfurt, the insane asylum, the children's hospital, the state hospital, the deaf and dumb and blind institution, the men's blind home and the state sick house.
Antonie Pachner, the head nurse along with other nurses and the primary teacher of the men's department of the State Asylum Institute, Franz Niedermoser, administered lethal doses of sedatives to many patients.
Four death transports to the Hartheim killing center between 1940 and 1941 caused the deaths of 733 people, including 25 children.
In 2019, the new medical directors, Dietmar Alberer and Elke Schindler, were focused on the construction of a new psychiatric facility.
These include Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal.
The data is gathered with face-to-face interviews, which cover topics ranging from economic conditions and social capital, to political participation, partisanship, traditionalism, and trust in institutions.
Sandia peppers grown and consumed in New Mexico are most commonly used to make red or green posole, green chili stew, and carne adovada.
The Sandia pepper cultivar was developed at New Mexico State University by Dr. Roy Harper in 1956 by cross breeding a Numex No.
In common with most New Mexico chili cultivars, Sandia peppers are somewhat variable in their fruiting and produce individual peppers of varying heat, with most of the peppers being mild (5,000 SHU), and an occasional extremely hot pepper (30,000 SHU).
Within two years, she achieved her Level 1 Officiation certification and volunteered at the 2010 Saskatchewan Winter Games curling competition as a timer.
Later that year, Wright became the first female skip to win a national wheelchair title as Team Saskatchewan went 11-0 to win the 2018 Canadian Wheelchair Curling Championship.
On January 16, 2019, Wright was again named to Team Saskatchewan's roster for the 2019 Wheelchair Curling World Championships, where the team finished fifth.
Some films have announced release dates but have yet to begin filming, while others are in production but do not yet have definite release dates.
This is a list of Bangladeshi films that are scheduled to release in this year but don't have any confirmed release date.
Beethoven composed it as part of a collection of lieder on texts by Gelllert, which was published in 1803, known as Six Gellert Lieder.
Beethoven wrote the lied for voice and piano as the fourth of a collection of six lieder on texts by Gellert.
Like the psalm, the poem speaks of the Creator's magnificence showing in the wonders of nature, which suited natural theology, popular during Gellert's lifetime.
Beethoven's setting was arranged for four-part choir, organ and orchestra by , which became one of the most popular spiritual songs.
Gellert's text is close to the beginning of Psalm 19 in the first two stanzas, which are the only ones that Beethoven used.
The memoirs of Augustus Austen Leigh record Bendyshe's 1870 effort to retain the right to dine separately in the college hall.
They are a popular destination for hikers and fitness enthusiasts as part of the rigorous Violet Hill-The Twins Hike on Hong Kong Island.
It is possible to access the summit of the Southern Twin from either Stanley, Tai Tam Reservoirs, or Hong Kong Parkview.
Safonova switched to representing Belarus in August 2019, alongside former Russian national teammates Konstantin Milyukov and Victoria Yatsenko / Daniel Parkman.
According to International Skating Union rules for switching nationalities, Safonova was required to sit out international competition for a year dating from her last international appearance, ruling her ineligible for Junior Grand Prix events.
Safonova made her international debut for Belarus at the 2019 Volvo Open Cup, where she won the gold medal ahead of Azerbaijan's Ekaterina Ryabova and Alina Urushadze of Georgia.
Safonova earned personal bests in all segments to win the silver medal at 2019 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb, behind Elizaveta Tuktamysheva of Russia and ahead of Germany's Nicole Schott.
Safonova won the national title in her first attempt at the 2020 Belarusian Championships, ahead of Milana Romashova and Anastasiya Sidorenko.
The 2020 Oceania Badminton Championships is the continental badminton championships in Oceania sanctioned by the Badminton Oceania, and Badminton World Federation.
The team event will start in 13 February, and will be the qualification stage for the 2020 Thomas & Uber Cup finals to be played in Denmark, while the individual event will start in February 10.
Tadeusz Antoni Mostowski (19 October 1766, Warsaw - 6 December 1842, Paris) was a Polish writer, journalist, literary critic and politician.
In 1790, he was a Podstoli for the Masovian Voivodeship and also became a Castellan in Raciąż, thereby gaining a place in the .
During the period of the Targowica Confederation he left Poland; eventually arriving in Paris, where he became a mediator in talks between Polish emigrants and French revolutionary authorities.
In 1794, he joined the Kościuszko Uprising; becoming a member of the Provisional Council of the Duchy of Masovia and the Supreme National Council.
He remained there until 1802, then established himself at what is now known as the Mostowski Palace, which he had inherited in 1795.
When the uprising had been quashed, the Russian authorities allowed him to emigrate to France, where he owned lands inherited from his father.
A 2.04-metre ruckman who can also play as a key forward, he played in several state leagues before being drafted by Geelong as a mature-age recruit.
From Geelong, Victoria, Fort originally played for South Barwon as a junior and represented the Geelong Falcons in the TAC Cup.
Ahead of the 2012 AFL draft he was little-noticed by recruiters until a match with South Barwon in the Geelong Football League, when he rucked competitively against Brad Ottens, a triple-premiership player for Geelong, despite his size and experience deficit.
Fort played eleven matches and kicked eight goals over the next two years, then switched to South Australian National Football League club Central District ahead of the 2016 season.
Over the next three years, Fort kicked 29 goals in 52 games as he began to take on a forward-line role.
Fort was drafted by Geelong with pick 65 in the 2018 national draft, quitting his job as a civil engineer to play for the club.
The proliferation of ruckmen led to him spending more time as a key forward in Geelong's VFL reserves, where he kicked eight goals in four matches and displayed strong marking ability while rucking alongside Abbott.
Anton Tananaev, the founder of Traccar, in an interview said that he began writing the software in 2009 and made it open source in early 2010.
According to a 2019 report by Windows Report, Traccar was noted amongst one of the 7 best free software for fleet management and GPS tracking.
Traccar Server is the main software which include the back-end for device communication and the front-end web interface for managing the GPS tracking devices.
And the third is Traccar Client, a mobile based application which acts as an alternative to GPS tracking hardware and can be used to report the mobile phone's location to the Traccar Server.
Luca Hollenstein is a Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing with EV Zug of the National League (NL).
Hollenstein made his professional debut during the 2017-18 season, appearing in 2 games with the EVZ Academy of the Swiss League (SL).
Hollenstein officially turned pro when he signed his first contract with EV Zug on October 24, 2019, agreeing to a two-year deal.
He went on to make his National League (NL) debut with EV Zug during the 2019–20 season but mostly assumed back-up duties behind Leonardo Genoni.
Methodist Hospital was established in 1963 and is one of the largest hospitals in the United States in terms of number of available beds.
The hospital is known for its neurology and neurosurgical care and has performed more back and neck surgeries than any other hospitals in Texas.
In 2013, an memorandum of understanding was signed between the University of Texas Health Science Center's pediatrics program and Methodist Hospital.
The 2020 Thomas Cup qualification process is a series of tournaments organised by the five BWF confederations to decide 14 of the 16 teams which will play in the 2020 Thomas Cup, with Denmark qualifying automatically as hosts, and China qualifying automatically as trophy holder.
Even though the qualification process began in February 2020, the allocation of slots for each confederation is same the allocation as 2018 tournament.
The qualification for the Asian teams will held from 11 to 16 February 2020, at the Srizal Memorial Coliseum in Manila, Philippines.
The qualification for the European teams will held from 11 to 16 February 2020, at the Stade Couvert Régional in Liévin, France.
The qualification for the Oceanian teams will hold from 13 to 15 February 2020, at the Ken Kay Badminton Stadium in Ballarat, Australia.
The 2020 Uber Cup qualification process is a series of tournaments organised by the five BWF confederations to decide 14 of the 16 teams which will play in the 2020 Uber Cup, with Denmark qualifying automatically as hosts, and Japan qualifying automatically as trophy holder.
Even though the qualification process began in February 2020, the allocation of slots for each confederation is same the allocation as 2018 tournament.
The qualification for the Asian teams will held from 11 to 16 February 2020, at the Srizal Memorial Coliseum in Manila, Philippines.
The qualification for the European teams will held from 11 to 16 February 2020, at the Stade Couvert Régional in Liévin, France.
The qualification for the Oceanian teams will hold from 13 to 15 February 2020, at the Ken Kay Badminton Stadium in Ballarat, Australia.
Tim Berni (born February 11, 2000) is a Swiss professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing with the ZSC Lions of the National League (NL).
He also made his National League (NL) debut that same season with the ZSC Lions, appearing in 8 games (0 point).
He made the team again for the 2019 World Junior Championships, playing all 7 games (2 assists) to help Switzerland finish 4th in the tournament.
Clubul Sportiv Orășenesc Ștei, commonly known as CSO Ștei, or simply as Ștei, is a Romanian football club based in Ștei, Bihor County.
The town of Ștei is a relatively young one, being founded only in 1952, near the former village, which had the same name.
The small settlement was projected to be an important town, during the presence of Nazi Germany in Romania, during the early 1940s, due to the uranium deposits that were found at Băița mine near Ștei.
Subsequently, as a consequence of the World War II, the Germans left Romania and the Soviets took control and built the dreamed town in only four years.
The new town was projected to have 25,000 inhabitants, also dozens of blocks and barracks, an administrative palace, five cinemas, three dance rings, two schools (a Romanian one and a Russian one), a dispensary, a sports base, a restaurant and shops were built.
The team from Bihor Mountains promoted again in 1972, but this time spent no less than seven seasons in the third league, before relegating again, now with a best ranking achieved at the end of the 1974–75 season, a 5th place.
In contrast to its rival, Oțelul was a much constant presence at the level of the third tier, promoting for the first time in 1976 and relegating only at the end of the 1991–92 season, after 16 consecutive years in the league.
Oțelul used to play its home matches on Oțelul Stadium, built in the 1980s, with a capacity of 5,000 seats, now a ruin, after years of negligence.
Minerul took the leadership in the 1990s and promoted back to Divizia C, equaling the best ranking in the history of the club, a 3rd place, in 1997 and having a last sparkle, under private ownership, during the 2003–04 season, when they finished 6th in their series of Divizia C, but then withdrew due to financial difficulties.
Oțelul had a last appearance at the level of Divizia C during the 2000–01 edition, but ended on the 12th place and relegated, then evolving only in the County Championship.
Decline of mining in Romania and the mostly failed privatization of the Mechanical Factory, brought both clubs near to collapse in the middle 2000s, first club that decided to withdrew and declare its bankruptcy being Minerul, in 2008, followed two years later by Oțelul.
Overall, the town of Ștei, spent 30 seasons at the level of Divizia C, in the 11 of them, both teams being members.
The best ranking was the 2nd place obtained by Oțelul in 1991, followed by a 3rd place achieved by the same team in 1989 and by the rival Minerul on two occasions, 1983 and 1997.
Financial crisis of 2007–08 and the already poor economical situation of the little industrial town, which remained basically without its first economical engine, the industry, brought the football into bankruptcy.
The withdrawal of Oțelul in the middle of the 2009–10 season, made the Local Council to take action and on 24 June 2010, it was approved the foundation of CSO Ștei, a team meant to continue the rich history of football from Ștei.
CSO was enrolled in the Liga V and promoted at the end of the 2010–11 season, then remaining at the level of Liga IV, for the moment, without the financial capacity of hoping for more.
The new team from Ștei, obtained the following rankings: 6th (2012–13), 6th (2013–14), 5th (2014–15), 6th (2015–16), 10th (2016–17), 14th (2017–18) and 11th (2018–19).
Minerul Stadium was built by the Soviets in the early 1950s and was opened in 1954, being the home ground of Minerul Ștei for 54 years, until its dissolution in 2008.
The stadium has a capacity of 800 people and was owned after 1989 by the National Uranium Company, reaching a precarious state in the early 2010s.
Oțelul Stadium was built by the Mechanical Factory and inaugurated in the early 1980s, being the home ground of Oțelul Ștei for more than 35 years, until its dissolution in 2010.
The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people and it is owned by Transilvania GIE, company that bought the old factory.
When CSO Ștei was founded the problem of a home ground appeared, both stadiums being in a state of degradation and none in the administration of the Town of Ștei.
Finally, the National Uranium Company agreed to allow the new football club to play on Minerul Stadium, which started to be the home ground of the newly formed football team.
The fanbase of the team is formed of former supporters of Minerul and Oțelul and they are well known in Bihor County for their high attachment to the team, most of the time putting a lot of pressure on their opponents.
Bihorul Beiuș is considered to be the bitter rival, as it is based in the most important city of the region and at only 20 km away from Ștei.
William Vainchenker is best known for his discoveries in the field of malignant blood diseases and the genetic mechanisms responsible for predisposition to myeloproliferative syndromes and leukaemias.
At the same time he completed his bachelor's degree in science, then a DEA (master 2) and a postgraduate thesis in science in 1978 in Paris VI University.
He was appointed to the Paris Hospital Boarding School in 1971 and did his hospital internships from 1971 to 1978 with an interruption as a technical assistance cooperator.
William Vainchenker then worked as an intern at the Inserm unit headed by Professor Jean Rosa at Henri Mondor Hospital (Créteil) in the team of Mrs Jeanine Breton Gorius where he started working on megacaryocyte differentiation.
In 1981 he returned to a university hospital activity in hemato-immunology as head of the clinic in the department of Professor Maxime Seligmann.
In 1993, he took over the management of an Inserm unit at the Gustave Roussy Institute on the theme of experimental haematology, which he managed until 2010.
William Vainchenker has always worked on megacaryocyte differentiation with the objective of characterizing the mechanisms that regulate this normal that leads to platelet formation and then transposing these data to human pathology.
This allowed him to be the first team to identify and characterize the progenitor of the megacaryocyte line, then to define its different steps and apply these data to the characterization of leukaemias.
In parallel, his team has shown that GATA1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role not only in erythroblast but also in megacaryocyte differentiation.
They were able to show with Françoise Wendling that the orphan MPL receptor had as ligand a megacaryopoiesis stimulating factor that had all the characteristics of thrombopoietin, a presumptive humoral factor that physiologically regulates platelet production.
This allowed them to study in detail: 1) the mechanisms of regulation of plasma thrombopoietin level by the number of platelets in the blood and 2) its function on differentiation, in particular on polyploidization of megacaryocytes.
Having shown that overexpression of thrombopoietin in mice gave a picture similar to myeloproliferative neoplasm, they focused their research on the pathophysiology of these malignant diseases.
This led to the discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation that causes more than 60% of these diseases, in particular more than 90% of Vaquez's Polyglobulias.
Most importantly, it has identified the TET2 gene, which can be mutated in association with JAK2V617F in myeloproliferative neoplasms and plays a major role in normal hematopoiesis and in many pathologies.
With Stefan Constantinescu's team (Brussels), they showed that calreticulin mutations associated with certain myeloproliferative neoplasms modify the function of this chaperone that binds to MPL to activate signaling via JAK2.
Finally, working on familial myeloproliferative syndromes, they characterized one of the very first locus responsible for the predisposition to myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukaemias with high penetration.
In 2007, he received the William Dameshek Prize from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and the Allianz-Institut de France Foundation Research Prize.
He was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences in December 2013, in the Human Biology and Medical Sciences section.
Carryover Credits (Kyoto carryover credits) are a carbon accounting measure by which nations count historical emission reductions that exceeded previous international goals towards its current targets.
As part of the Paris Agreement, CDM credits will be replaced by an international emissions trading market, where by countries can sell their excess emissions credits to other countries.
While most countries do not count their credits, several countries lead by Australia, including Brazil, India, and Ukraine are attempting to allow their credits to be carried over.
The proposal has been criticized, with scientists estimating that if countries were to make full use of their excess credits global temperatures could rise by an extra 0.1°C.
It serves the municipality of Al Rayyan, specifically Education City, Bani Hajer, and the associated districts of Education City such as Gharrafat Al Rayyan and Al Shagub.
On June 23, 1918, John H. Sherard Sr, a wealthy cotton planter from Mississippi, founded Methodist University Hospital, then called Methodist Hospital, after receiving the Lucy Brinkley Hospital, a women's hospital located at 855 Union Avenue, as a gift.
In July 2007, Carrie Barrett went to the emergency room at Methodist University Hospital complaining about shortness of breath, swelling of legs and black discoloration of her toes.
Alain-Jacques Valleron (born 24 August 1943 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (Hauts-de-Seine) is Professor Emeritus at the Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University and a member of the French Academy of sciences, of which he was Delegate for Scientific Information and Communication.
Professor of Biomathematics at the University of Paris 7 from 1981 to 1991, Professor of Biostatistics / Medical Informatics at the Pierre et marie Curie Faculty of Medicine from 1991 to 2013 and hospital practitioner at Saint-Antoine Hospital (Paris).
In 1974, he created the DEA (master 2) in Biomathematics, which was the first postgraduate scientific training preparing for research in all information sciences applied to biomedicine (biostatistics, modelling, medical informatics, bioinformatics, biomedical image analysis).
His first work will lead him to the creation of a platform for simulating the cell cycle and kinetics in the context of cancer.
This allows him to map the variability in the duration of cell cycle phases and to model their consequences on the development of chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments.
Since the 1980s, he has been developing information systems and statistical or computer models to describe, model, detect in real time and predict the dynamics of epidemics, particularly emerging diseases.
The diseases concerned are in particular influenza (monitored, as well as other health indicators, by the Sentinel network he created in 1984) and frequent communicable diseases in children, AIDS and viral hepatitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)... Alain-Jacques Valleron has always placed his research at the intersection of life sciences, particularly epidemiology, and information sciences.
The Emmuraillé Lake is a body of water crossed in its eastern part by the Petit Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Sagard, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality of the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac au Sable is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
The Petit Saguenay River successively crosses from south to north lac au Sable (length: ; altitude: ), lac au Bouleau (length: ; altitude: ) and the eastern part of Lac Emmuraillé (length: ; altitude: ).
From the mouth of Lac Emmuraillé, the current descends the Petit Saguenay River for north, northeast, then north to the south bank of the Saguenay River; thence, the current then descends on the Saguenay River east to Tadoussac where the latter river flows into the Saint Lawrence River.
The German Foundation for Patient Rights (DSP) is a pressure group which campaigns to improve the quality of the German healthcare system.
He has highlighted the problems created by the quarterly payment system, which makes it difficult for state insurance patients to see doctors towards the end of the quarter.
In the months of March, June, September, and December patients have to resort to emergency services because the insurance companies only reimburse the full cost of certain treatments up to particular quarterly targets.
Born in Eisleben, Schneider studied musicology at the University of Leipzig with Hermann Kretzschmar and Hugo Riemann and composition with Salomon Jadassohn.
After his time as second Kapellmeister in Halle from 1897 to 1901 he continued his studies of music history with Kretzschmar.
In 1915 he accepted a professorship at the University of Breslau; two years later he obtained his doctorate with a dissertation on the beginnings of the basso continuo.
He dealt almost exclusively with the history of music from the late 16th to the middle of the 18th century, in particular with performance practice and source material.
Schneider published important studies on Johann Sebastian Bach's biography and the sources of his works and helped to rehabilitate Georg Philipp Telemann.
He was a member of the Gridiron Club of Washington, Vice President of the National American Advertising Agents Association, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the New York Association, an editor of the Eureka Herald and manager of the national newspaper correspondence bureau at Washington.
Presbrey was the author of ‘The History and Development of Advertising.’ In 1902 he was hired by Pinehurst developer Leonard Tufts to promote Pinehurst as a top tourist destination.
He was an advocate of life insurance advertising, developing PR and procedures for the three largest life insurance firms in 1913 including the New York Life Insurance Company (where he was President).
Presbrey was active and influential in the movement that increased the agency commission from 10 to 15 percent and he was also active in forming the Advertising Club of New York.
The 2019-20 Arizona State Sun Devils men's ice hockey season was the 5th season of play for the program at the Division I level.
He played friendly matches for Lillestrøm SK in 1993, and made his first-team debut in 1994, but was not officially drafted into the first-team squad before 1995.
He did not break through in Lillestrøm, and after three Eliteserien games he continued his career in IL Hødd in 1996, HamKam in 1997–2000, Skeid in 2001–2003, Bærum in 2003–2005 and Strømmen in 2006.
Wilhelm Engelhard Nathusius (from 1861 Wilhelm von Nathusius-Königsborn) (27 June 1821, Hundisburg – 25 Dezember 1899, Halle ) was a wealthy Prussian land-owning agriculturist, industrialist, animal breeder, and agronomist who also contributed to studies in zoology, particularly on the eggs of birds.
Nathusius was born in the Hundisburg castle but grew up in the neighboring estate of Althaldensleben where he received private tuition from Julius Carl Elster (1803-1881).
The castle at Königsborn near Magdeburg was bought by Wilhelm's father in 1834 and taken over by Wilhelm after the death of his father in 1843.
Numerous guests visited and stayed with them including the poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, a friend of Wilhelm who met Marie's friend Elvira Detroit.
The couple were known for their piety and charity, and established a school, an orphan home and a shelter for the old.
His chemical analysis of eggshells, experiments with polarized light and speculations on the structure of eggs were pioneering and bold for his time.
He was a member of the Conservative Party and from 1855 to 1859 he was a representative for the district of Jerichow in the Prussian House of Representatives.
One of Nathusius' grandsons was Wilhelm Gottlob von Nathusius and a great nephew was Gottlob Karl von Nathusius who also worked in the field of ornithology.
Ho Chun Ting (; born 18 December 1998) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Tai Po, on loan from Kitchee.
Marquess of O'Shea is a noble title in the peerage of Spain, bestoweded on Paloma O'Shea, by King Juan Carlos I on 11 July 2008.
For almost 6 months in 2007, she commanded the corvette in the UNIFIL Maritime Task Force (MTF) and patrolled the coast of Lebanon, to stop gun smugglers and terrorists, and to ensure aid deliveries reach Beirut, and not be cut off by pirates.
Skoog Haslum was employed by the Swedish Defence University from 1 December 2016 and became the new vice-chancellor of the university in early 2017.
She then came together with the chancellor to lead the Swedish Defence University's development of education, not least with regard to future officer training.
The vice-chancellor has an important role in the development of the university and is also responsible for collaboration with foreign defense colleges and other international partners in the military field.
Born Annie Roslyn Roycroft in Bangor, County Down, in May 1926 Roycroft was the fifth of six children born to Kerry woman Annie Stephens and her husband, Cork man Tom Roycroft.
Roycroft got her education with Bangor Central Public Elementary School and Technical College before going on to get a job with the local newspaper, the County Down Spectator in 1941.
Roycroft began as a junior office assistant but showed a journalists instincts and learned journalistic skills by typing up the reports dictated by the newspapers journalists.
She began submitting local news stories and in 1952 she was taken on as a journalist despite misgivings among the teams locally about a woman working in the field.
She then took a break working as a clerk for North Down Rural Council before being asked to return as the editor for the Spectator.
A member of the National Union of Journalists, so that she knew how to pay her journalists properly, Roycroft had a reputation of standing her ground during reporting of the Troubles.
She left County Down and her role as editor in 1983 when she married Joe Stephens and eventually moved to Cork.
Vedlozero (, ) is an old Karelian village in Russia, the administrative center of the Vedlozero rural settlement of the Pryazhinsky District of the Republic of Karelia.
Located on the northeastern shore of Lake Vedlozero, at the confluence of the Vohta River, 50 km from the regional center.
The event, which has taken place every year since 2000, is planned and organized by the culture association Summer Jamboree and is promoted with the support of the municipality of Senigallia.
In 2005 the festival attracted around 100,000 people during the seven days of the event and the three days of the prefestival; the final evening was attended by 40,000 people.
The 2015 edition, during the 10 days of the event, counted about 400,000 admissions, while the 2017 edition, lasted twelve days and recorded an attendance of 420,000.
During the seven days of the festival, there are a lot of live concerts and DJ sets with swing, rock and roll, jive, doo-wop, rhythm and blues, hillbilly and western swing.
Some of the musicians are Billy Lee Riley (US), Big Jay Mac Neely (US), Sid & Billy King (US), Huelyn Duvall (US), Charlie Gracie (US), Ray Campi (US), Pep Torres (US), Wee Willie Harris (UK), Danny & The Juniors (US), Barrence Whitfield (US), Bill Haley's Original Comets (US), Good Fellas (ITA), Hormonauts (ITA/SCO), Jimmy Cavallo (US) and Stray Cats (USA).
The Governor's Cup is an annual award given to the winner of the most games between Alaska and Alaska Anchorage during each season.
The Governor's Cup was first awarded in 1994 as a way to continue the rivalry between the two Division I programs despite being in separate conferences.
If there is a tie at the end of the season the two teams hold a shootout to decide the champion.
Ronnie Galea (who was a member of St. Julians Choir since 1974) set up St. Julian’s Choral Group after the St. Julian’s Choir was dissolved some time before.
In 2006 the direction of the choir passed into hands of local baritone Pio Dalli after the previous director of the choir, Mro.
Over the past years the choir has performed in numerous liturgical services and concerts in various churches and locations in Malta, with the highlight in October 2012, when the group was invited to participate in an annual concert of choirs organised by the ‘Coro La Sissila’ from Montecchio Maggiore in the Province of Vicenza, Italy.
Surjit, residing with her husband in Hayes, London Borough of Hillingdon, was employed at London Heathrow Airport in the British customs agency, and she had two children.
After seeking divorce, her mother-in-law, Bachan Kaur Athwal, said that her family would allow a divorce if she agreed to attend two weddings in India; Surjit Kaur decided on 4 December 1998 to travel to India, specifically to Punjab.
Surjit's brother, in 2013, was seeking for the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) of India to collect evidence that allows Indian authorities to prosecute the people in India who directly killed Surjit.
Marquess of Borghetto is a noble title in the peerage of Spain, granted originally on the peerage of Parma to Catalina de Bassecourt, by Philip I of Parma, member of the Spanish royal family and younger brother of Charles III of Spain, on July 1765.
Catalina de Bassecourt was the honorary lady-in-waiting of Elisabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain as wife of Philip V and mother of the Duke of Parma, and later of María Luisa of Parma.
In 1903, Alfonso XIII recognised it as a title of the Kingdom and peerage of Spain, issuing a Royal Decree in favour of Felipe Morenés y García-Alessón, in memory of his ancestors' parmesan title.
Jones launched the UKFast Community and Education Awards in 2018, and signed the Tech Talent Charter and the Manchester Pride 'All Equals Charter' on behalf of UKFast to drive diversity and inclusion in the technology industry.
Jones is a keen advocate of women in business and technology and often speaks at industry events and works with local schools to redress the gender imbalance in the technology industry.
She drives UKFast's CSR efforts and she and husband Lawrence donated £5 million to a dedicated trust following the Inflexion deal in 2018.
Jones has created an ethos at UKFast that is centred on family - boosting the maternity package and reducing working hours to help create a stronger work-life balance for employees.
Julius Nielsen (27 December 1901 – 1981), was a Danish chess player, two-times Danish Chess Championship medalist (1934, 1943), Correspondence Chess International Master (1967).
He participated many times in the finals of Danish Chess Championships and two times won medal: in 1934 in Vejle won bronze medal and 1943 in Helsingør won silver medal.
In his youth, Julius Nielsen played actively correspondence chess and known for his victory in a correspondence chess tournament over a future grandmaster Paul Keres.
He joined the faculty of Southeast University in April 2003, what he was promoted to deputy dean of its School of Architecture in November 2003 and to director of its Institute of Urban Space in September 2005.
Extant ancient texts provide a list of the names and deeds of some of the Roman law school of Beirut's professorial body.
Domninus apparently declined the offer, since later correspondence to him from Libanius, between 361 and 364, served as recommendations for law school candidates.
During this period, a succession of seven highly esteemed law masters was largely responsible for the revival of legal education in the Eastern Roman Empire.
Archaeological excavations done in Beirut at the turn of the 20th century revealed a funerary monument believed to have belonged to Patricius.
The son of Eudoxius, Leontius was described by ecclesiastical historian Zacharias Rhetor, who was his first-year student in 487 or 488, to have a great reputation in the legal field.
He was raised to the office of Praetorian prefect of the East under Emperor Anastasius I between 503 and 504, and became Magister militum in 528.
Euxenius was the brother of the city's bishop Eustathius and was involved in the 460 religious controversy caused by Timothy Aelurus, which opposed the Miaphysites to the followers of the Council of Chalcedon.
Under Justinian, there were eight teachers in the law schools of the Byzantine Empire, presumably four in each of Beirut and Constantinople's schools.
Justinian mandated the supervision and enforcement of discipline in the school of Beirut to the teachers, the city's bishop and the governor of Phoenicia Maritima.
He made his List A debut on 16 December 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
In sewing, elastic is a notion which is sold in narrow strips and generally serves to increase the ability of garment to stretch, either to accommodate movement or to make the garment suitable for wearers of many different physical sizes.
The component which performs the actual stretching is made of either rubber or a synthetic material such as spandex; this stretching component is then covered with polyester, cotton, nylon, or a combination of these or other fibers which allow it to be attached to clothing.
High-quality elastic is able to be stretched to twice its original length and then return to its unflexed state without showing appreciable wear.
Stitching or piercing this kind of elastic causes it to quickly lose its ability to return to its original shape (a ball-point sewing needle will minimize this damage).
It does not narrow when stretched, and piercing it with a needle does not affect its ability to return to its original shape.
The most common elastics, however, are made from latex-based rubber and polyester fibers— these forms tend to hold up well to being worn and washed regularly.
Other elastics are made with cotton, which tends to shrink slightly after being worn and washed but is very versatile and is an all-natural alternative to man-made fibers.
He made his List A debut on 16 December 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Teams were split into groups of four, where an elimination bracket determined the 2 teams to advance to the next stage from the sub-zones.
He made his List A debut on 16 December 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The 2019-20 Alaska Nanooks men's ice hockey season was the 71st season of play for the program, the 36th at the Division I level and the 7th in the WCHA conference.
He made his List A debut on 16 December 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He earned his bachelor's degree in 1984, anmaster's degree in 1987, and doctor's degree in 1990, all from Dalian University of Technology.
After graduation, he taught at there, where he was promoted to associate professor in October 1992 and to full professor in August 1996.
He made contribution to the processing of high performance carbon fiber composite components, which led him won the First Class of State Technological Invention Award in 2017.
secretary of the student union while studying biomedicine at the University of Hong Kong where he was critical of suspension of two students protesting a Mandarin language graduation at Hong Kong Baptist University.
She was the daughter of an ivory carver and the only woman to make it into the first rank of the Togoland Congress leadership in the 1950s.
She was a member of parliament representing the Volta Region from 1960 to 1965 and the member of parliament for Kpando from 1965 to 1966.
She had her early education at Kpando Presbyterian School from 1935 to 1940 and later moved to Kumasi Government Girls' School from 1941 to 1944.
Asamany was among the first women to enter the parliament of Ghana in 1960 under the representation of the people (women members) act.
She was an Executive Member of National Council of Ghana Women, Trustee of the Kwame Nkrumah Trust Fund and the Chairman of the Visiting Committee of Borstal Institutes.
In 1979, she founded the Mother Ghana Solidarity Party with the intention to contest for presidency in the 1979 general elections but was unable to contest as she missed the registration deadline by a few minutes because the cheque for the registration fee had delayed.
Muhammad Rian Firmansyah (born in December 16, 1998) is an Indonesian professional football player who currently plays as a right winger for Liga 1 club Bali United.
He signed after a month trial and had chance to prove himself in Trofeo Hamengku Buwono X. Bali United registered him for 2019 Liga 1 to completes the quota of U-23 players, because Hanis Saghara Putra still out injured.
He played his first official match for Bali United in Liga 1 when he came as a substitute for Irfan Bachdim in a match against Arema on 16 December 2019.
The Gemini Awards were awards given by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television to recognize the achievements of Canada's television industry.
First held in 1986 to replace the ACTRA Award, in April 2012, the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television announced that the Gemini Awards and the Genie Awards would be discontinued and replaced by a new award ceremony dedicated to all forms of Canadian media, including television, film, and digital media.
Mao Ming (; born September 1962) is a Chinese weaponeer currently serving as a researcher at the No.201 Research Institute of China North Industries Group.
In September 1979 he entered Wuhan Institute of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering (now Wuhan University), majoring in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, where he graduated in July 1983.
He earned his master's degree from China North Vehicle Research Institute in December 1985 and doctor's degree in automobile engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology in March 1989.
He worked in China North Vehicle Research Institute since December 1985, what he was promoted to deputy director in November 1996 and to director in July 2001.
Pang Ka-ho is a student at University of Hong Kong and at 21 was just old enough to run for the election.
Preferential voting is allowed: a maximum of two preferences can be expressed for candidates of the same party list and provided the two chosen candidates are of different gender.
The candidate receiving at least 40% of the votes is elected to the post and his/her list (or the coalition) is awarded a majority in the Regional Council.
If no candidate gets more than 40% of the votes, a run-off is held fourteen days after, with only the two top candidates from the first round allowed.
According to the official 2011 Italian census, the 40 Council seats which must be covered by proportional representation are so distributed between Tuscan provinces.
Mohamed Ouazzani(born 28 January 1990) born in Saudi Arabia is a Tunisian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Hajer .
The Lac au Bouleau is a body of water crossed from south to north by the Petit Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Mont-Élie, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality of the administrative region Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac au Bouleau is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Lac au Bouleau has a length of in the form of winter boots for women; the tip of the toes being the arrival of the current, while the current leaves from the north.
The Petit Saguenay river successively crosses Sable Lake from south to north (length: ; altitude: ), Lac au Bouleau (length: ; altitude: ) and the eastern part of Lac Emmuraillé (length: ; altitude: ).
Involved in the setting up of the society were Dr. John Lanigan, Richard MacElligott, Edward O'Reilly, William Halliday, and Maynooth College Irish Professor Father Paul O'Brien.
A number of years later another effort was made by some of those involved in the society in the establishment of the Iberno-Celtic Society in 1818, another initiative was the Irish Archaeological Society, 1840 (which merged with the, 1845 established Dublin Celtic Society in 1854).
The Armageddon Network is a non-fiction book by Michael Saba about possible espionage in the United States government for the state of Israel.
Saba is later informed by a reporter that Bryen didn't actually leave his job with the committee until February 9, 1979 when he took a position with the Coalition for a Democratic Majority.
As the Justice Department investigation into Stephen Bryen continued, Saba took up his own investigation of Stephen Bryen and his colleagues.
This coalition was home to many public figures who came to be known as neoconservatives who were basically social liberals who favored a high military budgets and interventionist foreign policies in order to benefit Israel.
Bryen's lawyer insisted on many preconditions controlling the subject matter of any questions he would be willing to answer in sworn deposition with the Justice Department.
For the months following Davitt and Lisker's fruitless negotiations with Bryen's attorney to get Bryen to submit to an interview under oath, Phillip B. Heymann appointed Deputy Assistant Attorney General Robert Keuch to take over for them.
Bryen's attorney continued to insist that, among other things, Justice Department investigators be barred from asking Bryen about his relations with the Israel lobby.
Despite two recommendations to bring the case to a grand jury, Deputy Attorney General Phillip Heymann, after further communications with Bryen's lawyer, decided to allow the suspected foreign agent to go ahead with a sworn deposition instead - a restricted deposition that would bar any questions about any matters beyond those specified by Bryen's lawyer, including Bryen's connections to the Israel lobby.
As Joel Lisker, Chief of the Registration Unit at the Justice Department, turned his attention to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he encountered some more difficulties.
A Defense Week article quoted an unnamed source in the Justice Department as saying the presence of the committee lawyer had a chilling effect on the interviewees.
Stephen Bryen, Bryen's lawyer Nathan Lewin, and his employer Senator Clifford Case of New jersey, and demanded and were granted the right to screen all requested documents and assert privilege over those authored by Bryen or Case.
Apparently Bryen's deposition or a description of it was not included in the many government documents the Saba acquired via FOIA requests, upon which much of The Armageddon Report is based.
Saba reveals a troubling undisclosed relationship between Phillip Heymann, the deputy attorney general who refused to take the Stephen Bryen case to a grand jury, and Nathan Lewin, Stephen Bryen's attorney.
Both attended Harvard Law School at the same time where Lewin was editor of the Harvard Law Review for two years prior to Heymann becoming editor while Lewin became treasurer.
In fact both men's careers follow an identical pattern: After the Supreme Court, Heymann joined the Justice Department's Office of Solicitor General and after his stint at the Court, Lewin joined the very same office.
Heyman then moved to the State Department's Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs where he became administrator, He was joined by Lewin, who became deputy administrator in 1965.
Saba cites a source who says when Heymann returned to Washington to work again at the Justice Department in 1978, he stayed as a house guest of Nathan Lewin.
The extensive relationship between Phillip Heymann and Nathan Lewin raises the question of why Heymann did not recuse himself from the Stephen Bryen investigation.
The decision not to go to a grand jury and the subsequent concessions made to Nathan Lewin by Heymann reside under the suspicion of undue influence.
Like Bryen, Perle fell under suspicion of spying for Israel when he was caught on an FBI phone tap discussing classified material, evidently supplied to him by Kissinger aide Helmut Sonnenfeldt, with someone in the Israeli embassy.
Perle also failed to disclose his work as a consultant for an Israeli arms manufacturer whose fee of fifty thousand dollars he received the same month he started work as Assistant Secretary for International Security Policy at the Pentagon.
The National Association of Arab-Americans, for whom Saba once worked, sent letters warning numerous members of Congress and government officials of the security threat Bryen posed.
No one on the Senate Armed Services Committee asked about Bryen or Perle's attachment to a certain foreign country in the Levant.
Senator James Exon went so far as to place a hold on Perle's confirmation until he could review Bryen's file, but was convinced to lift the hold by other senators.
Richard Perle and Stephen Bryen were confirmed in their Assistant Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary positions at the Pentagon on August 3, 1981.
One of the investigators who worked the Stephen Bryen case for the Justice Department said: I was watching the television one night when Bryen came on the screen.
The structure has been designed by the architect Pietro Ghinelli in 1834; the Foro is built in neoclassical style with 24 columns in Doric style that compose an arcade.
In 1942 Taibo began to act as part of the Marilyn Gang, and she began to get work on the radio, as a host and broadcaster.
Fittingly she was in a film based on a radio series which told the adventures of the Garcia family who moved.
Taibo and Antonio Carrizo hosted a program on ratings leader Radio Belgrano, in which the duo became known for announcing advertisements in the form of a dialogue.
Michael Richard Alexander FIET FIGEM FIChemE (born 17 November 1947) is a British engineer and businessman, and a former chief executive of British Energy.
From the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology he obtained a first-class BSc degree in Chemical Engineering, then an MSc degree in Control Engineering.
From 2008 to 2009 he was the Chairman of the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC, now the Rail Delivery Group).
Latin American television awards are or were given by several organizations for contributions in various fields of television in Latin America.
It serves the municipality of Al Rayyan, specifically Education City, Al Shaqab, Old Al Rayyan, Al Luqta and the suburb of Ain Al Rakheesa.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity but there has been recent suggestion that this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
In the field of epigenetics, histone acetylation (and deacetylation) have been shown to be important mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
The Lac au Sable is a body of water crossed from south to north by the Petit Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Mont-Élie, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality of the administrative region Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, at Canada.
The Zaraniq rebellion was an armed conflict in the lower Tihamah between the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen and the rebellious Zaraniq tribe that took place from 1925 to 1929.
It began in late 1925, and near the end of that year the Zaraniq would win a major battle against the Yemeni government.
Despite the fall of al-Ta'if, rebel fortunes would see a temporary resurgence: A second army marching from al-Mukha was surprised and routed by the rebels.
These successes convinced the leader of the Zaraniq, Ahmed el Fiteini, to submit an appeal to the League of Nations for formal recognition as an independent state.
However, the government's superior firepower would prove to be an insurmountable problem for the rebels, and in early October 1929 Bayt al-Faqih fell to the government and the Zaraniq surrendered, ending the rebellion.
After the quelling of the revolt, a tract of land was expropriated by the Imam and the Al Hudaydah canal was constructed from the point where the wadi emerged onto a coastal plain to irrigate this tract of land.
Although this new upstream canal initially took a small quantity of water, it took water throughout the year, thereby violating the principle that new lands should not be irrigated with low flows.
Giovanni Gatto (died 1484) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Catania (1475–1479) and Bishop of Cefalù (1472–1475 and 1479–1484).
The Evangelium longum is a illuminated manuscript evangeliary that was made around 894 at the Abbey of Saint Gall in Switzerland.
It was made by the monks Sintram, as scribe, and Tuotilo for the treasure binding, a cover with carved ivory plaques and metal fittings.
Today, the original evangeliary is located in the Abbey library of Saint Gall and can be found in the Codex Sangallensis under Cod.
Not only are the patron and the artists that were involved in its creation known by name, but also the year of production of the manuscript can be exactly determined.
The story of the manuscript begins with the ivory plaques measuring over 500 cm that were incorporated into the book cover.
These plates, which were formerly used by Charlemagne as writing pads, were probably bequeathed by the Emperor to the archbishopric of Mainz and thence came into the possession of Hatto, at that time Archbishop of Mainz (891–913).
When Hatto had to accompany King Arnulf (850-899) to Italy, he asked his friend, Abbot Salomo of Saint Gall (890-920), to keep his treasure save during his absence.
However, instead of guarding it as promised, Salomo III soon spread a rumour about Hatto’s death and took possession of his treasure.
Whereas he donated most of it to the poor and gifted another part to the Minster of Constance, he also incorporated part of the treasure, for instance the two ivory plates, into the Saint Gall monastery treasure.
Then he commissioned his most talented artist, the monk Tuotilo († 913) with the adornment of the plates and the monk Sintram, who was known to be a talented penman, to write an evangeliary.
Examinations with regard to the age of the carvings revealed, however, that they derive from the same time and the same hand, namely that of Tuotilo .
The Evangelium longum, whose name is derived from its extraordinary oblong format, was supposed to serve as a showpiece evangeliary (dt.
In the corners of the frame, the evangelists (John, Matthew, Mark and Lucas) are depicted, while their symbols (eagle, winged man, lion and bull) are situated directly around Christ.
Finally, the sun and the moon, personified by Sol and Luna, are depicted at the upper border of the image, while at the bottom, the ocean and the earth are represented by Oceanus and Tellus mater.
The narrative picture field in the middle of the plate is framed by ornamental parts above and below that are separated by two bars.
The bars bear the following inscription: HIC RESIDET XPC VIRTVTVM STEMMATE SEPTVS (Here Christ sits enthroned, surrounded by the wreath of virtues).
The creation of this frame, embellished with gold and jewels from Bishop Hatto’s treasure, can also be ascribed to the monk Tuotilo.
Every sentence in the Evangelium longum begins with a golden painted capital letter resulting in a total of twenty to thirty of these capitals per page.
However, on closer examination, the initials were evidently created by the same hand as the rest of the manuscript, namely by Sintram’s.
When including the two mirror blades attached to the front and back book cover as well as the two endpapers, the Evangelium longum consists of 154 parchment sheets.
Beginning at the first endpaper, the sheets were paginated by the abbey librarian Ildefons von Arx with Arabic numbers (1-304) in red ink.
The average size of a page is 395 x 230 mm, the written space measures 275 x 145/165 mm and each written page consists of 29 lines.
From pages 6 to 10, the Evangelium longum recounts the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew, including Jesus’s lineage and his birth from the Virgin Mary.
for the feasts of the Lord as well as for all the Sundays, including Wednesday and Friday, of the church year.
On page 234, the second part of the Evangelium longum begins with the inscription INCIPIVNT LECTIONES EVANGELIOR[VM] DE SINGVLIS FESTIVITATIBVS S[AN]C[T]ORVM.
Nowadays, the interior of the manuscript is still in surprisingly good condition, which indicates, according to Anton von Euw, that it was never or only rarely been opened.
Before 1461, the bindings of the book block were restored, the book spine replaced and the golden applications on the front plate repaired.
Probably in the 18 century, another restoration was conducted, in the course of which the book spine as well as the front gold lining were again renovated.
The material value left aside, the Evangelium longum is moreover one of the manuscripts whose development history is the most closely documented (from before 900 until today), which makes it a work of the highest documentary value.
Finally, the Evangelium longum symbolises, according to David Ganz, the connection of Saint Gall’s monastery chronicle to the court of Charlemagne as well as the then close bond between the abbey and the Archbishopric of Mainz.
She received her Graduate Diploma in Indian Art and its history at School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in 1996.
In 1943, she became the first commander of a women's expeditionary force, the 149th WAAC Post Headquarters Company, which served in General Eisenhower's North African headquarters.
Before her military service, she held management posts in women's organizations; afterwards, she did volunteer work for women's groups, including serving as a United Nations observer for Altrusa International.
Frances Eleanor Keegan was born on October 15, 1896, in West Newbury, Massachusetts, the third daughter among the four children of John L. Keegan and Margaret E. Costello.<ref name=1/30/1943Globe></ref><ref name=2/8/1943WaterlooCourier></ref> Her parents were first generation Irish: the Costellos from Tipperary and the Keegans from Kildare.<ref name=2/2/1943CourierJournal></ref> John Keegan had a career as superintendent of machine tool manufacturing.
She managed Boston's Franklin Square House, a non-profit residence hotel providing housing and social services for some 700 unmarried women students and wage earners.
From 1919 through 1933, Frances Keegan Marquis fundraised for and then was a manager at The Town Hall in New York City.<ref name=2/1/1943PalmBeachPost></ref><ref name=4/11/1943PittsburghPress></ref> The Town Hall was an offshoot of New York's women's suffrage movement, specifically the League for Political Education.
Later, between 1935 and 1941, Marquis served as the assistant director in charge of education and recreation programs of the American Woman's Association.
By 1930, when it constructed its own building in New York City, the association (which was non-sectarian and was said to include every nationality) had a membership of some 4,000, representing over 150 businesses and professions.<ref name=11/23/1930StarTribune></ref> Along with a roof garden, numerous parlors, meeting rooms, and residential space, the association's building featured a premier fitness center including a swimming pool.
Like The Town Hall, the club had roots in the suffrage movement and owned a series of impressive clubhouses in Manhattan, moving during Marquis' tenure to the same building that housed the all-male City Club.
Luminaries including Eleanor Roosevelt led the club, which advocated for civic betterment and particularly women's issues such as women's employment, birth control, and maternity care.
As war raged abroad during Marquis' time as executive secretary, the Women's City Club turned to women's duty to contribute to defense and the war effort.
On July 20, 1942, Frances Keegan Marquis joined the first Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) officer training class at the Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School.<ref name=1/31/1943PhilInquirer></ref> Chosen from some 30,000 applicants, she was one of 440 in her class, of whom 90% had attended college and 99% had successful civilian careers.
Over the 1942 Christmas holidays, Marquis became the first woman to command a troop train, which carried the newly-formed 149th WAAC Post Headquarters Company now under her command from the Second WAAC Training Center in Daytona, Florida, to the New York area.
From there, this company of almost 200 sailed to North Africa, reporting to General Dwight Eisenhower's headquarters in Algiers on January 27, 1943.
Women of the 149th, who volunteered for service abroad, comprised a hand-picked cadre of linguists and specialists who assumed secretarial, postal, switchboard, and other duties.
Upon arrival in Algiers, it was discovered that the 149th's vehicles had been issued to a male unit and items ranging from kitchen equipment to typewriters had disappeared.
It was infeasible to deny Army commanders the ability to command the women working for them and to apply differing rules for women.
Army men in a war zone received such additional benefits as extra pay, government life insurance, veteran's medical care if injured.
According to Sergeant Vida Ganoni's memoir, a little over two weeks after their arrival in Algiers, on February 11, 1943, an announcement of promotions caused an uproar.
With the July 1, 1943 enactment of legislation converting the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps to the Women's Army Corps (WACs), the women were given the summer to decide whether to apply to join the Army upon the September 1943 changeover.
During this time, changes such as more dispersed housing assignments and the unit's absorption into the 6666th or 6667th Hq Co, WAC—which applied to all women in the theater—caused significant unhappiness in the ranks that identified themselves as close-knit 149ers.
Treadwell's Army history attributed the situation to administrative difficulties and the lack of a WAAC staff director for the theater—a one-time mistake.
When General Eisenhower learned that a large number of the 149th did not plan to continue as WACs, he requested that a highly competent senior WAAC officer be sent immediately.
Upon her return to the States in October 1943, Marquis was assigned to assist in the WAC recruiting drive with speeches and interviews describing her time in North Africa.
Myriad problems ranging from counterproductive messaging to active obstruction from the War Manpower Commission afflicted WAC recruiting, but a slander campaign proved a largely unstoppable blow.
Although many sources spawned and fed bad jokes and ugly rumors about military women,<ref name=6/9/1943Star></ref> contemporaneous and historical accounts have focused on the work of syndicated columnist John O'Donnell.
While still abroad, Marquis participated in a counteroffensive with newspaper<ref name=7/13/1943ChicagoTrib></ref> and radio interviews discussing her troops' life in the military, including their commitment as volunteers, qualifications and training, assignments, long work hours, supervised social life, and housing in a convent.
In truth, the only pregnant 149er was married to an Army officer—she had not discovered her condition until after she arrived in the theater, at which point she returned home.
Marquis was sent on a well-publicized nationwide tour, speaking to women's groups, WAC trainees, college women, and business groups about the WACs' overseas experiences.
Around the time Marquis' WAACs arrived in Algiers, Zouave forces (with roots as local North Africans in the French Army),<ref name=11/3/1943PortageRegister></ref> were the first to stop the Nazi advance at Medjez-El-Bab in Tunisia.
Vastly outnumbered and equipped with World War I era rifles, the Zouaves beat back German and Italian forces in a 36-hour battle.
On the eve of her departure from Algiers in late September 1943, the Franco-American Goodwill Society (Bonne Volontḗ Franco-Amḗricaine) held a luncheon to honor Marquis.
Having previously served Altrusa (an organization of professional women's clubs focused on community service) as president of the New York City chapter and publicity chairman of the international organization of clubs, Marquis became Altrusa International's official United Nations observer and traveled about the country giving speeches on the workings of the United Nations.
Marquis was also active in such organizations as Camp Fire Girls, serving as the president of the Council of Greater New York and representing New York on the National Council.
Marquis became a life member of the West Newbury Historical Society in 1960 and later donated some of her papers and medals to that organization.
The film stars Gabriel Arcand as Pierre, a professor from Quebec who is on sabbatical in Okinawa to reevaluate his life after the death of his friend, and is drawn into a love affair with Junko (Youki Kudoh), a local woman fleeing an abusive husband who offers to be his tour guide.
The film's screenplay was partially inspired by Gagnon's own trip to Japan following the death of one of his closest friends.
The film received two Prix Jutra nominations at the 15th Jutra Awards in 2013, for Best Actor (Arcand) and Best Screenplay (Gagnon).
She played as regular defensive midfielder midfielder in all 6 matches and score a goal against United States in opening match.
It was written by Barbara Pravi and Igit and produced by Julien Comblat, who has worked with such artists as M. Pokora and .
Having obtained 85 points from the juries (sixth place) and 84 from the televoting (third place), Carla finished fifth with a total of 169 points.
The song went viral in France after in early December 2019 after YouTube fitness vlogger Juju Fitcats lipsynced and danced to it on Tiktok.
French YouTuber Mister V released his own version of the song on Instagram in January 2020 where he jokingly takes credit for being the inspiration for the song, and for writing it.
In the same year, he moved to Vienna, where was employed as cellist at the imperial court, with a salary of 1260 florins, until his death.
As referred by Ernst Ludwig Gerber and François-Joseph Fétis, Francesco Geminiani reported that in 1713, in Rome, Alborea played the cello in a cantata with violoncello obbligato composed by Alessandro Scarlatti, the author playing the harpsichord.
Alborea was praised, among others, by Johann Joachim Quantz, Franz Benda and Martin Berteau, who, according to Fétis, left the viola da gamba for the cello after hearing Alborea playing.
The Association of Electoral Administrators (AEA) is the main British organisation for local administrators (at councils) of elections, and is headquartered in Staffordshire.
The 2019-20 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey season was the 35th season of play for the program, the 27th at the Division I level and the 7th in the WCHA conference.
He auditioned with the Bob Dylan song, ″Make You Feel my Love″ which has since accumulated over 2.5 million views on Youtube.
In December 2019, the EPA announced that it will seek to address concerns emphasized by American farmers over new rules for blending biofuels.
In December 2019, consumer advocates sued the U.S. Department of Education and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, alleging that these government agencies had failed to protect student loan borrowers.
The U.S. Department of Education is the biggest player in the student loan world, handling hundreds of billions of dollars in federal student loan debt.
Large student loan servicing firms such as Navient, FedLoan Servicing have been faced with allegations of violations of consumer protection statutes.
But the Department of Education has largely not addressed these issues, and has omitted to oversee its servicers (who receive billions from taxpayers).
On December 12 the Federal Communications Commission approved a proposal to designate 988 as the hotline phone number of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.
In late December, the Food and Drug Administration raised the legal age for tobacco products, e-cigarettes, and vaping cartridges from 18 to 21.
Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.
In the first half of 2019, global debt levels reached a record high of $250 trillion, led by the US and China.
The US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy stated that US support was limited to side-by-side coaching to mitigate civilian casualties and if the measure had passed it would do nothing to help the people of Yemen and may only increase civilian deaths.
Mulroy supported the United Nation's peace talks and he pushed the international community to come together and chart a comprehensive way ahead for Yemen.
In December 2019, various US officials said a trade deal was likely before a proposed round of new tariffs took effect on December 15, 2019.
The Agreement is the result of a 2017–2018 renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by its member states.
The agreement also provides updated intellectual property protections, gives the United States more access to Canada's dairy market, imposes a quota for Canadian and Mexican automotive production, and increases the duty free limit for Canadians who buy U.S. goods online from $20 to $150.
The federal government prohibited the utilization of Huawei equipment for 5G networks due security concerns, and encouraged its allies to also do so as well.
The US government imposed strict controls on US companies as to their ability to do business with Huawei, thus disrupting sales of Huawei phones overseas.
Huawei submitted a petition in the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit against the FCC's decision to prohibit rural U.S. network providers from using equipment from the China-based vendor due to national security concerns, asking that the recent FCC order be overturned.
Duke of Palata () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1646 by Philip IV to Francisco Toraldo de Aragón, a paternal descendant of Alfonso V of Aragon.
It was launched on 8 January 2020 on Canale 5, the journalist Alfonso Signorini as presenter of the main show after Ilary Blasi left the show after three seasons, with the showgirl Wanda Nara and the singer Pupo as opinionists.
At around the same time, a small house was erected in the south part of the church, for storage of weapons.
The church was damaged in the 1800s, and despite restorations over the years, there are still numerous problems to be fixed.
Skalø is an small Danish island, with an area of 1.06 km and a population of 11 located south west of Zealand in the Baltic Sea.
Secretary of Defense Mark Esper warns in early January that Kata'ib Hezbollah, the group responsible for the attack on the embassy in Baghdad, may be planning new attacks in Iraq, and that the U.S. is prepared to preemptive attacks.
A short while later, a U.S. airstrike at the Baghdad International Airport killed top Iranian general Qasem Soleimani, escalating tensions between the United States and Iran.
Heavy traffic apparently fueled by fears of a return of the draft for the first time since 1973 caused the Selective Service System website to crash on January 3.
In December 2019, the EPA announced that it will seek to address concerns emphasized by American farmers over new rules for blending biofuels.
New rules proposed on January 3 would exempt long-term accumulative effects such as climate change from being considered in the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act.
In December 2019, consumer advocates sued the U.S. Department of Education and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, alleging that these government agencies had failed to protect student loan borrowers.
The U.S. Department of Education is the biggest player in the student loan world, handling hundreds of billions of dollars in federal student loan debt.
Large student loan servicing firms such as Navient, FedLoan Servicing have been faced with allegations of violations of consumer protection statutes.
But the Department of Education has largely not addressed these issues, and has omitted to oversee its servicers (who receive billions from taxpayers).
Following 13 straight years of financial losses (mostly due to a requirement that it fund health care for the next 80 years), the United States Postal Service may be privatized in 2020.
The situation in Iraq causes Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to postpone a planned visit to Ukraine and other eastern European countries in early January.
A bipartisan bill proposes transferring control of the Secret Service back to the Treasury Department, but it is hung up on a dispute over whether to disclose the costs of protection for President Trump's travel.
In the first half of 2019, global debt levels reached a record high of $250 trillion, led by the US and China.
In 2020, expect major fights over EPA regulatory rollbacks, as well as conflicts over the environmental impact of the Mexico–United States border wall, the Atlantic Coast Pipeline, PFAS (a cancer-linked chemical leaching into drinking water), the Waters of the U.S. Rule, and the Arctic Refuge drilling controversy.
Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.
President Donald Trump faced his first foreign policy crisis of 2020 with the attack on the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq on December 31, 2019 and January 1, 2020.
A January 2 U.S.-ordered strike that killed Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, a terrorist with close ties to Iran, threatened to escalate the conflict.
Sticky points are not only the attack on the U.S. Embassy in Bagdhad, but also a nuclear agreement, shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, economic sanctions, and the war in Yemen.
President Trump claimed the targeted killing prevented an attack on American interests and saved many lives, insisting he does not want a war while warning Iran against retaliation.
Domestic political reaction was mostly along party lines, with Republicans, particularly Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC), supporting the move and Democrats opposing it.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi complained that the Congressional Gang of Eight was not notified before the attack, which was therefore unauthorized.
Iran's January 5 pullout from its nuclear agreement following the killing of Qassem Soleimani was no surprise but it makes it more difficult to reach another agreement at a later date.
Gun laws and 2nd Amendment rights promise to be major issues in 2020, in Congress, on the campaign trail, and at the state level, particularly in Virginia.
Increasing health care is a priority for 2020 presidential candidates, although there are large differences in how to go about it.
Following the December 2019 House impeachment vote, Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced she would restrain from delivering the acts of impeachment to the Senate until Majority Leader Mitch McConnell explained the trial procedures.
Pelosi indicated she would release the articles the week of January 13, after former National Security Advisor John Bolton indicated he would testify if subpoenaed, and unredacted emails from the Department of Defense (DOD) relevant to the Ukraine investigation were released.
At least 11 million people tuned in to watch at least part of the first day of the trial on January 21, 2020.
On the federal level, there is increased pressure to liberalize marijuana laws, such as bills to reclassify marijuana from a Schedule I to a Schedule III drug.
Illinois legalized recreational use of marijuana starting January 1, and other states are expected to legalize marijuana and/or liberalize existing laws in 2020.
In December 2019, members of the Senate Committee on Commerce announced sweeping new proposals for federal laws to protect online privacy.
As 2020 opens, there are 14 candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination; four are women (Elizabeth Warren, Amy Klobuchar, Tulsi Gabbard, and Marianne Williamson) and four are people of color (Andrew Yang, Cory Booker, Gabbard, and Deval Patrick.
Biden, Sanders, Warren, Pete Buttigieg, and Klobuchar have qualified for the 7th debate on January 14 at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa.
The Senate of Virginia passed several gun-control laws on January 16, days before a planned pro-gun rally was planned in Richmond.
The federal government prohibited the use of Huawei equipment for 5G networks due to security concerns and encouraged its allies to also do so as well.
The US government imposed strict controls on US companies as to their ability to do business with Huawei, thus disrupting sales of Huawei phones overseas.
Huawei submitted a petition in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit against the FCC's decision to prohibit rural U.S. network providers from using equipment from the China-based vendor due to national security concerns, asking that the recent FCC order be overturned.
An editorial in the scientific magazine Scientific American emphasized that complete scientific research regarding its effects have not been conducted and that there could be health risks.
The United States is no longer the world's leader in science and engineering, according to a report by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Federal government spending on research has fallen steadily since 2000, and the U.S. total contribution to research and development has fallen to 25%, compared to 33% for China.
In December 2019, various US officials said a trade deal was likely before a proposed round of new tariffs took effect on December 15, 2019.
Farmers are skeptical of the proposed new deal, as it would require China to double the farm purchases made before the trade war started.
The Agreement is the result of a 2017–2018 renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by its member states.
The agreement also provides updated intellectual property protections, gives the United States more access to Canada's dairy market, imposes a quota for Canadian and Mexican automotive production, and increases the duty free limit for Canadians who buy U.S. goods online from $20 to $150.
None of Angelina's family members had any musical training, yet she was noted for her passion for singing and good vocal skills from a very young age.
Later in the same year, she joined the cast of for their first and only concert, recorded at on 19 November 2017 and broadcast by TF1 on 1 December.
Also, at an early age her parents introduced her to salsa and jazz, and she has listened to the greatest names in these genres.
Hans Andersen (27 May 1925 – 1 March 1999) was a Norwegian footballer who played as a striker for Lisleby, Viking and the Norwegian national team.
Hans Andersen (born 12 March 1939) is a Danish former footballer who played as a midfielder for Køge BK and the Danish national team.
In the overall lead ever since his dominating victory at the tournament's first event in Oberstdorf, Eino Kirjonen was 19.8 points in the lead before the final.
The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.
If the candidates answer the task correctly, there is a profit such as sweets or spices; if they answer incorrectly, there is a useless consolation prize such as a garden gnome.
Veliko Tarnovo is located in Central Northern Bulgaria, in the central pre-Balkan and in the catchment area of the Yantra River.
The main roads pass through the town, connecting the Western Balkans with the Black Sea and Central Europe with the Middle East.
The town is an urban center and forms a metropolitan area with the sedentary town of Debelets, the villages of Ledenik, Belyakovets, Shemshevo, Prisovo and the suburban areas of Kozlodzha, Dervent.
To the east, the town is surrounded by the Tarnovo Heights, to the west by Kalakaya and Salamatya, to the south by the Debeli Bair, the Big and Small Duvar, Patryal Dyal, to the north by Orlovets and Kartala.
There are three caves over 5 meters deep around the city – two in the Tarnovo Heights and some of the Kartala.
The geological structure is made up of: To the south, Coneyas – mastite (terrigenous-carbonate rocks), santon – mastrite (terrigeno-carbonate rocks), zenoman Middle Turon, Upper-Aryah Formation (marls and clay marls with interbeds of sandstones, sandstones), sand marbles, Krivnen Formation in places sandstone, Seshev Formation – siltstones and often glauconites.
The most rock formations in the city are in the Monsonsites: Garga Bair, Kartala, and other parts of the Tarnovo Hills.
The climate is temperate continental – summer temperatures average – 21.8 °C and absolute maximum 41.1 °C / and average January temperature −0.6 °C and absolute minimum – 28.1 °C /.
The lowest average annual temperature is in 1991 – 9.34 degrees Celsius, and the highest in 2002 is 11.73 degrees Celsius.
In January 2019, Shell, along with Cindy Crawford, her husband Rande Gerber, Mike Meldman, and Jay Sures, announced they would purchase the Hollywood deli, Nate 'n Al, to keep its doors open after three generations of family ownership.
The red wall, sometimes Labour's red wall, is a term used in the politics of the United Kingdom to describe a set of constituencies in the Midlands and Northern England which historically tended to support the Labour Party.
When viewed on a map of previous results, the block of seats held by the party resembled the shape of a red wall, coloured red, which has traditionally been used to represent Labour.
This effect is exaggerated when results are projected into a map showing equal-size constituencies: in 2017, continuous blocks of red spanned the longitudinal distance across the North of England.
The Conservatives gained a number of previously safe northern Labour seats in the 2017 election, such as NE Derbyshire, Wallsall North, Mansfield, Stoke-on-Trent South, and Copeland (held from the 2017 Copeland by-election).
Former UKIP leader Nigel Farage has suggested prior support of many northern Labour voters for UKIP and the Brexit Party made it easier for them to vote Conservative.
The Labour Party lost 47 seats net in England, losing approximately 20% of its 2017 general election support in red wall seats.
All of these seats voted to leave the EU by substantial margins, and Brexit appears to have played a role in these seat changes.
Voters in Bolsover and swing voters of the type thought to be typified by Workington man cited Brexit and the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn as reasons why they voted against Labour.
Labour lost so much support in the red wall in some seats, like Sedgefield, Ashfield and Workington, that even without the vote increase for the Conservatives, the Conservatives would have taken those seats.
Journalist Nicholas Farrell has used the term to describe historically left-supporting regions of Italy, such as Emilia-Romagna which are under comparable pressure by Matteo Salvini and his right-wing populist Lega Nord party.
She is remembered in particular for introducing ear training into the curriculum of the Royal Danish Academy of Music and related institutions.
She adapted and expanded the approach she had learnt in Rome, Berlin and Paris by publishing textbooks and demonstrating it to students in Sweden and the Netherlands.
Thanks to Borup, ear training became a key aspect of education offered by her students, including the organist Ebba Nielsen and the pianist Merete Westergaard.
Born on 25 February 1867 in Horsens, Emilie Marie Dagmar Alexandersen was the daughter of the house painter Peder Alexandersen (1830–1904) and Helene Stockholm (1877–1896).
Borup had to abandon her career as a pianist when she began to suffer from a nerve disorder in her arms.
Borup succeeded in having it adopted by the Royal Danish Ballet school where she was teaching in 1927 and in 1930, she had it included in the curriculum of the Royal Music Academy where she taught from 1930 to 1936.
She trained some 40 of her students in the aural method at the academy and used the ballet school as a practical setting for examining those who intended to become academics.
Born 28 October 1991 in Saint Lucia, Lionel attended Entrepot Secondary School, then went on to Iowa Western Junior College, and Abilene Christian University.
Lionel's mother is Cornelia Jean Baptiste, the first woman ever to represent Saint Lucia at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics, in Helsinki 1983.
He ran 20.63 (+1.6 m/s) on 18 April 2015 at the John Jacobs Invitational in Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America.
Lionel also holds the national record for the indoor 200 m, having run 21.19 on 6 February 2016 at the Charlie Thomas Invitational, where he placed fifth.
Along with Rosen Daniel, Marbeq Edgar, and Talberc Poleon, Lionel ran 3:10.45 to set a Saint Lucia national record for the men's 4x400m relay at the 2014 OECS Championships in Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
He did not advance from the opening round, finishing fourth in the qualifying rounds of both the 100m and 200m at Hampden Park.
In 2016, Lionel ran one of the fastest times in Abilene Christian University history at the third annual Wes Kittley Invitational at Elmer Gray Stadium.
Ishmael Hyman (born August 23, 1995) is an American football wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).
As a senior, he had 24 receptions for 428 yards and four touchdowns before suffering a season-ending injury and finished fourth in the state in the 200-meter dash.
Rated a three-star recruit, Hyman committed to play college football at Kansas over offers from Boston College, Rutgers, Syrcause, Temple, James Madison and Villanova.
Hyman began his collegiate career at the University of Kansas, redshirting his true freshman year before deciding to transfer to James Madison University at the end of the season.
In four seasons with the Dukes, Hyman caught 72 passes for 1,061 yards and 11 touchdowns and was a member of the 2016 team that won the FCS National Championship.
After going unselected in the 2018 NFL Draft and going unsigned as an undrafted free agent, Hyman was signed by the Orlando Apollos of the Alliance of American Football.
He made his NFL debut on December 15, 2019 against the Detroit Lions, catching one pass for three yards in a 38-17 win.
A total of 44 teams compete in the first stage to decide 22 of the 32 places in the second stage of the 2020 Copa Sudamericana.
The draw for the first stage was held on 17 December 2019, 20:30 PYST (), at the CONMEBOL Convention Centre in Luque, Paraguay.
The 44 teams were drawn into 22 ties (E1–E22) between a team from Pot A and a team from Pot B, with the teams from Pot B hosting the second leg in odd-numbered ties, and the teams from Pot A hosting the second leg in even-numbered ties.
If still tied, extra time will not be played, and the penalty shoot-out will be used to determine the winner (Regulations Article 2.4.2).
The first legs will be played on 4–6 and 11–13 February, and the second legs will be played on 18–20 and 25–27 February 2020.
It is derived from the name of the month, which comes from Janus, a Roman god who stood for beginnings and transitions.
He is the son of the three times Prime Minister of Poland Władysław Grabski and the grandfather of the 2020 Civic Platform candidate for President, Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska.
Władysław Jan Grabski was born on 21 October 1901 in Warsaw to Władysław Grabski, Prime Minister of Poland who served three times, and Katarzyna née Lewandowska.
After the outbreak of World War I, he went with his parents to St. Petersburg, where he studied at the Moscow School of the Order of St Catherine, with a six-month break, when, after the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in mid-1917, she and her mother and siblings moved to Feodosia in Crimea.
In July, he volunteered for the Volunteer Army, served in the 24th Uhlan Regiment and took part in operations in Central Lithuania.
After graduating in 1924, he went to Sorbonne, where he studied the history of economic doctrines as well as the history of the Middle Ages, then returned to the University of Warsaw and obtained a doctorate in 1927 for his work on Charles Fourier.
In November 1927, he married Zofia Wojciechowska who was a painter and daughter of the President of Poland Stanisław Wojciechowski and First Lady Maria Wojciechowska.
After their marriage, they settled in a house built for them by his father in Grabków, where they lived until their death.
After long-term treatment in sanatoriums in Zakopane, Vienna Woods and Davos he returned to Grabków, but the consequences of the disease were to accompany him for the rest of his life.
He did journalism in the magazines such as the ABC daily and the Prosto z mostu artistic and literary weekly edited by the national activist and journalist Stanisław Piasecki with whom he was friends with.
He was among the people who signed the Principles of the National Radical Program in 1937, but soon became discouraged as a result of this movement joining the sanation Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego (OZN), as well as their radical anti-Semitism, which he expressed by publishing a poem in 1937 entitled Przytyk pogrom.
At that time, he began studies in Paris on the history of Western Slavs in the early days of Poland and the Middle Ages, which he used in his later work.
He participated in the September campaign as a volunteer in the Chełm Regiment Zborny, he took part in the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski.
In March 1945, he was persuaded by Edward Ochab, who was then the government's representative for the Regained Territories, to become his scientific adviser.
He wrote the brochure distributed to displaced persons Poland on the Oder, Nysa and Pasłęka and prepared a historical guide of the history of the cities of Western lands titled 200 cities return to Poland in 1947, in which his father-in-law helped the author.
Cardinal August Hlond appointed him to the Primate's Council for the Reconstruction of Warsaw Churches, where he led the propaganda section and wrote the text for the album Churches of Warsaw in Reconstruction, which, however, was granted censorship permission for printing only in 1956.
In June 1955, a peer court of the Union of Polish Writers deleted him from the list of members for writing an unpublished Catholic Ballade, which was impressed by Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, with whom he had been friends since the time of cooperation with Prosto z Mostu.
The trial was a great shock for Grabski, traces of which can be found in the introduction to the Scar of Childhood and in the poem To a friend of Ballada , published in the volume of poetry Świat na podararu (1958).
During his several months in hospital, the political climate in Poland began to change and in June 1956, the plenum of the Polish People's Party reactivated him as a member, however, he did not see rehabilitation.
During his first stay in the Union after a break, in September 1956, at the election meeting of delegates, he advocated for imprisoned Primate Stefan Wyszyński.
After 1956, he established cooperation with the PAX Publishing Institute, but he was not a member himself, in which he published his subsequent books.
After a two-year stay in the hospital, he returned home for a year and finished work on the Scar of childhood (1971).
In August 1970 he was taken to the hospital again, where he died on November 1970, at the age of 68.
Part of the edition was published in a numbered bibliophile edition illustrated with engravings signed by their authors such as Wacław Zawadowski, Franciszek Prochaska and Konrad Brandel.
The first novel, Brothers, who initiated the three-volume series, presenting critically the political situation in Poland in the period from the assassination of President Narutowicz to the time after the May Revolution.
Among other things, a text describing the meeting of President Stanisław Wojciechowski with Józef Piłsudski on the Poniatowski Bridge during the May Coup in 1926.
He did not want to publish further volumes of the series swarm for political reasons, but the Poznań Printing and Bookstore of St. Wojciech.
He also wrote several novels in episodes under pseudonyms, including in Dziennik Poznański, the crime story Bloody Traces, and under his own name Rust of life, which, however, he did not later publish in book form due to anti-Semitic accents appearing in it and in the meantime.
In the years 1937–1938, he gave up political issues, and in his work, there was a fundamental shift towards universally understood Christianity.
It was opened by the novel In the Shadow of the Collegiate Church, published in 1939, which was reissued many times after the war, and became a representative of Polish Catholic literature.
During the occupation, he wrote the historical story of Saga about Jarl Bronisz published in Poznań by the Greater Poland Publishing Bookstore in three volumes, Zrękowiny in Uppsala in (1946) and the Trail of the Vikings and the Year of the Thousand in (1947).
During the war, he also began working on the Confessional (1948), which is a continuation of the thread In the shadow of the collegiate church.
The next historical novel, Rhapsody of Świdnica, set in the second half of the fourteenth century, during the twilight of the domination of Polish influence in Lower Silesia, was completed in 1953, but it was only granted permission for censorship at the end of 1955 and published in the Pallottinum Publishing House in Poznań.
He prepared a new, revised edition of three hundred cities returned to Poland in 1960, and a small short story Tartak started (1961).
His last book Childhood Scars, an autobiographical tale brought about by the outbreak of World War I, which appeared in 1971, a few months after the author's death.
In 1947, he received the readers' prize of the monthly Odra, and in 1949, he received the Literary Prize of the Polish Episcopate.
He also received the Literary Prize of Pietrzak (1956 and 1963) and the Award of the Minister of Culture and Art, Second Degree (1965).
He served in the United States Senate from 1823 to 1832, as Governor of South Carolina 1832–1834, and as Mayor of Charleston, South Carolina 1836–1837.
Ángel Eduardo Viadero Odriozola (born 3 January 1969) is a Spanish football coach, who is currently the head coach of Moroccan club Moghreb Tétouan.
He spent the great majority of his career managing in Segunda División B, leading both Racing Santander and their reserves in the league.
He began his managerial career in the reserve team of hometown club Racing de Santander, twice being relegated from Segunda División B but both times winning promotion instantly back from Tercera División.
He returned to work in July at SD Eibar, but was replaced by the returning Manix Mandiola in late April 2010.
Weeks later he was confirmed at Pontevedra CF for the new season, losing seven of his first ten matches and his job in October.
After taking SD Noja to promotion and then consolidation in the third tier, Viadero joined Sestao River Club in June 2013.
In his first season in the Basque Country, the side won their group but were eliminated 3–2 on aggregate by Gimnàstic de Tarragona in the play-off semi-finals.
Following two full campaigns at the club and Burgos CF, he withdrew from his two contracted years at the latter and returned to Racing, being named manager of their first team, now in division three.
The following 4 February he was sacked, with fans turning against him as they trailed leaders Sporting de Gijón B by eight points.
On 12 August 2019, Viadero accepted his first foreign job, taking the reins at Moroccan Botola club Moghreb Tétouan for the upcoming season.
In December 2019, it was announced that BBC Radio 1 host Alice Levine will be hosting the BRITs Are Coming Nominations Launch Show on Saturday, January 11, 2020.
The nominations for Album of the Year, Best Group and Best New Artist were almost entirely dominated by British male solo artists, except for Mabel who was nominated for the latter.
The Sardines movement (), also known as Sardines against Salvini (), is a grassroots political movement, which began in Italy in November 2019.
The movement organized an ongoing series of peaceful demonstrations to protest against the right-wing surge in the country and, more specifically, against the political rhetoric of right-wing leader Matteo Salvini.
The Sardines movement started as a flash mob on 14 November 2019, organized in Piazza Maggiore, the main square of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna.
The aim of the event was to contrast the launch of Matteo Salvini's electoral campaign for the 2020 regional election at the PalaDozza in Bologna.
The movement rose up during the electoral campaign for the 2020 Emilia-Romagna regional election, which has been considered as the first competitive one in the history of the region.
Emilia-Romagna has been a stronghold of left-wing parties since the end of the World War II, but in the 2018 general election the centre-right coalition became the largest political force in the region.
The first Sardines' rally was warmly welcomed by the Democratic Party (PD), especially by its secretary Nicola Zingaretti, its president and former Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni and Emilia-Romagna incumbent governor Stefano Bonaccini.
On 18 November, a second Sardines' rally gathered Piazza Grande in Modena, with more than 7,000 people taking part in the event.
On 1 December, more than 25,000 people participated in a rally in Piazza Duomo in Milan, while on the previous day, almost 30,000 gathered Piazza della Repubblica in Florence.
The rally was characterized by a 6-hour long concert with singers and artists like Afterhours, Subsonica, Marracash, Matilda De Angelis, Skiantos, Casa del vento, Bandabardò, Modena City Ramblers, Marlene Kuntz and Pif.
The movement declares itself not linked to any party and to mainly pursue the ideals of anti-fascism and the fight against racial discrimination, as well as the rejection of right-wing populism and verbal violence in Italian politics, which they claim should be legally considered as physical violence.
According to some political commentators, the movement would be limited only to a generic critique of the right-wing, with its open opposition to Matteo Salvini, who is depicted as an authoritarian and undemocratic leader.
It is almost four and a half kilometers long and has been out of service since the Reichsbahner strike in September 1980.
After the station, it makes an extensive 90-degree angle, runs briefly to the west, where the Siemensstadt station is located (both in the district of Siemensstadt), and then to the northwest.
Almost the entire length of the route is designed as a viaduct railway, only the terminus at Gartenfeld is at ground level.
In 1905, the Siemens group had its own train station set up for its employees so that they could get to work faster.
The station opened on the Hamburg and Lehrter Bahn as Fürstenbrunn (later: Siemensstadt-Fürstenbrunn) initially had high passenger numbers, but was still unfavorable on the site.
Since the factory center also moved to northern Siemensstadt in the 1920s, the factory management was looking for an alternative solution.
This arrangement was also possible because CEO Carl Friedrich von Siemens was also President of the Board of Directors of the DRG.
Of the roughly 90,000 employees that Siemens employed in Siemensstadt at the time, around 17,000 used the S-Bahn to and from their workplace every five minutes.
At this point, the Siemens freight railway had already been provisionally connected to the Gartenfeld S-Bahn station via a wooden ramp, since the Wehrmacht had blown up the Spree Bridge.
As a result, the trains were pulled back to Jungfernheide, and mostly older vehicles of the ET 168 and ET 165 series were used, which last ran every 20 minutes with 30 to 40 passengers.
With the Siemensdamm and Rohrdamm stations on the U7 underground line, which opened in October 1980, Siemensstadt had an alternative to the Wernerwerk and Siemensstadt stations.
In 2005, when the Charlottenburg lock was built, the Spree was relocated, partially removing the railway embankment between the junction of the ring railway and the southern bank of the Spree and demolishing the foreland bridge of the Spree bridge.
Negotiations between the Deutsche Regionalale and Deutsche Bahn to take over the infrastructure between Wernerwerk and Gartenfeld were unsuccessful in 2008.
Since the decommissioning, Deutsche Bahn AG or the districts of Spandau and Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, in which the railway line runs, have carried out only a few maintenance works on the decaying and overgrown track systems, the substructure and the train stations.
In 2014, the architect and lecturer at the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences Rebecca Chestnutt-Niess worked with students to develop designs for subsequent use.
The re-urbanization project of the Siemensbahn included the establishment of a swimming lane on a section of the route, the targeted greening of the viaduct and the setting up of a foot and cycle path.
The route would run along the old Berlin-Spandau shipping canal, through the beaver protection area and parallel to Rhenaniastraße to a new Daumstraße station and then cross or cross the Havel to the new terminus at Hakenfelde on Streitstraße, south of the Goltzstraße intersection.
After Siemens AG decided in October 2018 to build a campus in Siemensstadt for research purposes, the group and the Senate spoke out in favor of reactivating the Siemensbahn.
In combination with the further expansion of the water city and the new construction of the island of Gartenfeld, the need to reactivate the Siemens Railway is increasing.
The reconstruction was subsequently included in the i2030 transport project of the two federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg and the DB AG.
In November 2019, DB Netz AG tendered for the creation of a feasibility study for the second construction phase Gartenfeld - Hakenfelde across Europe.
The DB-1 is a West German sailboat that was designed by E. G. van de Stadt and Cees van Tongeren as an International Offshore Rule Three-Quarter Ton class racer and first built in 1980.
The design was built by Dehler Yachts, owned by the Dehler brothers, Willi and Heinz, in West Germany starting in 1980, but it is now out of production.
It has a fractional sloop rig with running backstays, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
During the World War II, Kalennyk has been providing aid to three Poles, hidden in a nearby forest, who had survived the Volhynia massacre.
Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.
Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.
In the first half of 2019, global debt levels reached a record high of $250 trillion, led by the US and China.
In December 2019, the EU announced that banking ministers from EU member nations had failed to reach agreement over proposed banking reforms and systemic change.
In March 2019, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May and European leaders negotiated an extension for the Parliament of the United Kingdom to ratify the Brexit withdrawal agreement.
The EU position was that the negotiation of terms for withdrawal had already ended in November 2018, and that the extension was only to give the UK Parliament more time to consider the Agreement.
Negotiations during 2019 have been primarily within the UK Parliament on whether to accept the Theresa May Government's negotiated settlement, to leave the EU without any agreement, or to abandon Brexit.
In July, the newly assembled Boris Johnson ministry declared intention to re-open negotiations on the withdrawal agreement, with the Irish backstop removed as a pre-condition.
The Benn Act, passed by the UK parliament in September, required the prime minister to seek a further extension in the event that by 19 October, a deal has not been reached and parliament has not given its consent to a No-deal Brexit.
In December 2019, various US officials said a trade deal was likely before a proposed round of new tariffs took effect on 15 December 2019.
The Fall Line is an American true crime podcast that covers lesser-known cases of murder and disappearance from minority communities in Georgia.
In 2017, Laurah Norton decided to make a podcast focusing on cases that had received little attention and had victims from underserved or marginalized communities.
The fifth season debuted in August 2019 and recounts the circumstances surrounding the 1998 disappearance of 8-year-old Shy’kemmia Pate in Unadilla, Georgia.
Suzanne Masson (born in Doullens, France on 10 July 1901, died 1 November 1943 in Hamburg, Germany) was a union activist and communist, who was executed for her work in the French Resistance during World War II.
Suzanne Masson was hired as a designer at the Rateau factory (now Alstom) in La Courneuve, a northern suburb of Paris, where from the mid-1920s, she was an industrial design technician, the only woman at this level of qualification at the factory.
In 1938 she was released from the turbine factory because of her involvement in strikes there with the federation of the French Communist Party of the Seine.
In La Courneuve, she was instrumental in setting up the local resistance group and with her CGT comrades who had gone underground.
On February 5, 1942, she was discovered and fled to her house at 95, boulevard Macdonald in Paris where she was arrested by the police of the French Vichy government who were cooperating with German occupiers.
In June 1943 at Lauerhof prison, she was tried for possession of weapons, her calls for resistance against the German occupiers, and her clandestine connections with the French Communist Party.
She was given the opportunity to plea for mercy but she refused to do so, declaring in court that it was her duty as a French patriot and communist to fight for humanity.
In 1946, Masson was posthumously given the French Order of Merit and appointed Knight of the French Legion of Honor by Ambroise Croizat, Minister of Labor and Social Security.
In October 1950, a Paris trade union educational institution, the Suzanne Masson Center (in the 12th arrondissement of Paris), was named after her.
In 2005, a street (the rue de la Gare), near the La Courneuve - Aubervilliers railway station, was renamed rue Suzanne-Masson.
On the site of the Hamburg prison, a plaque on the back wall of the detention center commemorates the two fighters who were killed there.
Kyron Hayden (born 7 June 1999) is an Australian rules footballer playing for North Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL).
He played junior football in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) for Subiaco before he was selected in the 2017 AFL draft.
Hayden made his AFL debut late in the 2019 season, but ruptured his achilles tendon during the game and missed the remainder of the season.
She was named after John Philip Sousa, an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches.
After being refloated, she ran aground on Wolfe Island, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, while being towed to Montreal, on 16 November 1965.
Originally founded as a start-up in the science incubator of Graz University of Technology, the company was established in its current form in 2007.
She was a member of parliament representing the Ashanti Region from 1960 to 1965 and the member of parliament for Asante Mampong from 1965 to 1966.
Asamoah was among the first women to enter the parliament of Ghana in 1960 under the representation of the people (women members) act.
The 2020 edition of the European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships will be held in Liévin, France, from 11 to 16 February 2020.
The 2020 European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships officially crowned the best male and female national teams in Europe and at the same time worked as the European qualification event towards the 2020 Thomas & Uber Cup finals.
The defending Champions, Denmark, were top seeded for both men’s and women’s team, while the host country France were seeded third.
The men's team group stage consisted of six groups with four teams in each and two groups with five teams in each.
Hannah Cobb is an archaeologist at the University of Manchester, noted for her work on pedagogy, post-humanist theory, and diversity and equality in archaeology.
Her large vocal range allowed her to sing both soprano and alto parts during her subsequent career as an opera singer.
Her siblings were the conductor Siegmund Eibenschütz, the pianist Ilona Eibenschütz and the actress Gina Eibenschüt, her niece the singing teacher Maria Theodora Eibenschütz.
It serves districts on the border between Doha and Al Rayyan, specifically Al Messila, Al Sadd, New Al Hitmi, and Lebday.
His cousin, Arthur Otley, served as general secretary of the National Association of Operative Plasterers (NAOP), which Thomas joined in 1890.
From 1910, membership began increasing again, the Cork City Society of Plasterers joining the union, and the National Health Insurance Act 1911 giving it a key welfare role in the industry.
The union also became a founder member of the National Federation of Building Trade Operatives, and Otley served on its Emergency Committee.
The 2019-20 Alaska Anchorage Seawolves men's ice hockey season was the 41st season of play for the program, the 36th at the Division I level and the 27th in the WCHA conference.
Thomas F. Catapano (August 16, 1949 – May 22, 2005) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 54th district from 1983 to 1992.
She represented the Netherlands at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, Brazil.
At the 2012 Summer Paralympics she won the bronze medal in the women's 100 metre breaststroke SB7 event and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics she also won the bronze medal in that event.
At the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships she won the bronze medal in the women's 100 metre breaststroke SB7 event and in the women's 400 metre freestyle S8 event.
Pop Music High is an American web series, produced by Emmy Award winning producer, Jenn Barlow that runs on Totally TV.
A musical romantic comedy-drama series that consists of high school friends as they sing and dance their way through the school year.
In 1888 he joined the West London Society of Upholsterers, but the following year, he founded a new East End Society of Upholsterers.
He took the society into the Amalgamated Union of Upholsterers (AUU), and in 1894 he became the secretary of a new branch of the union, catering for piece workers.
He also tried to arrange a merger between it, the National Amalgamated Furnishing Trades Association (NAFTA), the Amalgamated Union of Cabinetmakers and the Amalgamated Society of French Polishers, but discussions in both 1909 and 1913 failed as agreement could not be reached on levels of membership fees and benefits.
In 1918, he transformed the union by admitting all workers in the industry, regardless of perceived level of skill, and for the first time including women.
A total of 19 teams compete in the qualifying stages to decide four of the 32 places in the group stage of the 2020 Copa Libertadores.
The draw for the qualifying stages<includeonly> and group stage</includeonly> was held on 17 December 2019, 20:30 PYST (), at the CONMEBOL Convention Centre in Luque, Paraguay.
For the first stage, the six teams were drawn into three ties (E1–E3), with the teams from Pot 1 hosting the second leg.
For the second stage, the 16 teams were drawn into eight ties (C1–C8), with the teams from Pot 1 hosting the second leg.
Teams from the same association could not be drawn into the same tie, excluding the three winners of the first stage, which were allocated to Pot 2 and whose identity was not known at the time of the draw, and could be drawn into the same tie with another team from the same association.
For the third stage, the eight winners of the second stage were allocated without any draw into the following four ties (G1–G4), with the team in each tie with the higher CONMEBOL ranking hosting the second leg.
As their identity was not known at the time of the draw, they could be drawn into the same tie with another team from the same association.
The bracket was decided based on the first stage draw and second stage draw, which was held on 17 December 2019.
Amir Hossein Bayat (, born 10 may 1998 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian goalkeeper who currently plays for Persepolis in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He moved to Persepolis in summer 2019 and was a regular player in his first season and wear shirt number 12 as third goalkeeper of the team .
She represented Ukraine at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom and she won the silver medal in the women's 100 metre breaststroke SB11 event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships she won the silver medal in the women's 100 metres breaststroke SB11 event and the bronze medal in the women's 200 metres individual medley SB11 event.
It’s a fatalistic noir of one man’s vain struggle to escape his own limitations, unfortunately, an impossibility in the world of noir.
The film stars Avinash, Samyukta Hornad, Nandagopal, Anju Alva Naik, Gopalkrishna Deshpande, Arvind Kuplikar, Sudha Belavadi, Sathya Hornad and Sreepathy Manjanbail in prominent roles.
The film had its world premiere at London Indian Film Festival during June 2019, where it received positive reviews, followed by the Asian Premiere at Singapore South Asian International film festival during September 2019 and North American Premiere at the Vancouver International South Asian Film Festival during November 2019.
Set in present-day Bangalore, an aspiring actor doubling as an amateur gigolo gets caught up in a sticky situation after accepting a surprise gift from an anonymous client.
Anish is desperately trying to make it as an actor but his dire financial situation pushes him to look for an escape, which he finds with an anonymous wealthy client.
Called to her place one day for a rendezvous, he turns up only to be met with a surprise gift, ‘a murder’.
It was one of the first 'Mixed' regiments in which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit's personnel.
It defended West Yorkshire and the North Midlands against aerial attack until it became the first Mixed anti-aircraft (AA) unit to serve overseas, defending Brussels against V-1 flying bombs.
By 1941, after almost two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
The first of these new batteries took over an operational gun site in Richmond Park, south-west London, in August 1941, and complete regiments soon followed, including 139th (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, whose regimental headquarters formed at Rotherham, West Yorkshire, on 1 December 1941.
In January 1942 the new regiment was assigned to 62 AA Brigade, responsible for the defence of Leeds and Sheffield in West Yorkshire under 10th Anti-Aircraft Division.
In the Spring of 1942 a new phase in the air campaign began with the so-called Baedeker Blitz mainly directed against undefended British cities.
In 10th AA Division's area, York was accurately hit on 28 April, Hull on 19 May and 31 July, and Grimsby on 29 May, but the strongly defended towns of West Yorkshire were not attacked.
139th (M) HAA Regiment sent a cadre to 7th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry where it formed 582 (M) HAA Bty on 27 July 1942; this battery served with 172nd (M) HAA Rgt.
As new units joined AA Command, more experienced ones were being posted away to train for service overseas, particularly for the planned invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch).
62 AA Brigade HQ was one such, transferring to First Army in August, while its AA Command commitments were taken up by other formations: 139th (M) HAA Rgt came under the command of 65 AA Bde.
In the autumn of 1943 AA Command was asked to make cuts to free manpower for the forthcoming Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord), and some AA sites in the Midlands were abandoned.
In February 1944, 139th (M) HAA Rgt was switched to the command of 63 AA Bde and 668 (M) HAA Bty was disbanded.
AA Command had planned for this and Operation Diver was put into effect, with large numbers of AA units moving to South East England.
139th (M) HAA Regiment came under the temporary command of 41 AA Bde, which took over additional responsibilities for units left in the North Midlands until 63 AA Bde HQ returned.
A second campaign of air-launched missiles coming in from the North Sea led to a second redeployment by AA Command to East Anglia, but again 139th (M) HAA Rgt was unaffected by the moves.
Once 21st Army Group had liberated Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
AA Command's experience had shown that the power-operated, remotely controlled static Mk IIC 3.7-inch HAA gun, which had power traverse and automatic fuze-setting, accompanied by the most sophisticated Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictor (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer), were required to deal effectively with V-1s, but 21st Army Group's mobile HAA units did not have experience with this equipment.
The regiment was still deployed around Nottingham in early November 1944 when it was ordered to move overseas at war establishment.
This meant leaving behind one battery (518, which became independent) and finding 200 ATS reinforcements to bring the other three up to the required strength.
The regiment's advance parties arrived in Antwerp on 18 November and spent an uncomfortable week in temporary accommodation under V-1 attack before moving on to Brussels.
These sites lacked all provision for a static HAA gun position: there were no gun platforms, access roads, water supply, drainage or accommodation.
The Royal Canadian Engineers erected a few huts for the ATS, while the men slept in tents despite the cold weather.
The gun platforms required 2000 tons of rubble to be tipped onto soft ground, with another 800 tons for hardstandings, although the access roads were built as single tracks that were blocked by the gun transporters.
Two gun positions were ready for action on 22 December and on 28 December 484 (M) HAA Bty fired its first rounds at incoming missiles.
The Brussels 'X' defences under 101 AA Brigade involved an outer line of Wireless Observer Units sited to in front of the guns to give 8 minutes' warning, then Local Warning (LW) stations positioned half way, equipped with radar to begin plotting individual missiles.
Finally there was an inner belt of Observation Posts (OPs), about in front of the guns to give visual confirmation that the tracked target was a missile.
Unlike the anti-Diver guns firing over the English Channel or North Sea, VT Proximity fuzes could not be employed by the HAA batteries at Brussels because of the risk of casualties to troops and civilians under the missiles' flightpath.
The success rate of the Brussels X defences had been low at first, but after the arrival of Mk IIC guns and experienced crews from AA Command the results improved considerably, with best results in February and March 1945.
The number of missiles launched at Brussels dropped rapidly as 21st Army Group continued its advance, and in the last week the AA defences destroyed 97.5 per cent of those reaching the defence belt.
By 27 April, 139th (Mixed) HAA Regiment had been stood down,and on 3 May its personnel were back at Ticknall, near Derby, where the regiment and its three batteries were disbanded, five days before the war in Europe ended on VE Day.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
The 2019-20 Bemidji State Beavers men's ice hockey season was the 64th season of play for the program, the 21st at the Division I level and the 10th in the WCHA conference.
A member of the Palmes family, he was the son of Francis Jerome Palmes and Mary Theresa Broadbent and was born in February 1887 at Naburn Hall at Naburn, Yorkshire.
Palmes graduated from the Britannia Royal Naval College in 1906, entering the Royal Navy as an acting sub-lieutenant, with confirmation in the rank coming in April 1908.
He served with the Royal Navy in the First World War, during which he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander in March 1917.
Following the war, Palmes played first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club, making two appearances against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1919 and 1920.
He was promoted to the rank of commander in December 1921, a rank he retained until his retirement in February 1933.
At the age of eight, she began her studies of piano and later of guitar, and later studied singing with Blanca Hauser.
In 1989, she performed her first stage production as a soloist and since then she has given recitals, shows and recordings throughout Ecuador with a repertoire that includes boleros, traditional Latin American and Ecuadorian music, carols and tangos.
With several awards throughout her professional career, she has directed her work to the growth of local and national artistic activity and the expansion of Ecuadorian and Latin American music.
Thomas B. Hess (b.1920 in Rye, New York - d. July 13, 1978) was an American art editor and curator perhaps best known for his twenty some odd year tenure at the helm of Artnews and his championing, mounting exhibitions of the works of, and writing on the artists Willem DeKooning and Barnett Newman.
Thomas Baer Hess was born in suburban Rye in Westchester County, New York the son of a New York City lawyer Gabriel Lorie Hess and wife, Helen Baer Hess .
He then went on to do his undergraduate studies in French Art and Literature at Yale University from which he graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1942.
in 1944 having returned from his war service Hess went to work at ArtNews under Alfred Frankfurter and in 1949 was named executive editor of the publication.
In the final year of his life Hess was appointed by the director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Philippe de Montebello to replace Henry Geldzahler as the chief curator of 20th century art at the museum.
However on July 13th of that year Hess died of a heart attack one day short of what would have been his 58th birhtday.
PT-20 was commissioned by the United States Navy and laid down on 14 October 1940 at the Elco Works of the Electric Launch Company (now Electric Boat Company) at their Bayonne, New Jersey shipyard; launched on 14 Mar 1941; and completed on 9 June 1941.
On 20 June 1941, she was commissioned and attached to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Two (MTBRon 2) under the command of Lt. Comdr.
On 13 August 1941, she was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron One (MTBRon 1) under the command of Lt. William C. Specht and assigned to Pearl Harbor.
In May 1942, the squadron was reassigned to Lt. Clinton McKellar Jr. and tasked with the defense of Midway Island being lead by Marine Corps Colonel Harold D. Shannon.
The squadron made the 1,385 mile trip under their own power, then the longest made by PT boats to date refueling at Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals, and Lisianski Island.
After the battle, the squadron was sent to attack the remainder of the Japanese task force but was unable to locate the target.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity but there has been recent suggestion that this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
In the field of epigenetics, histone acetylation (and deacetylation) have been shown to be important mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
Martin Mares (born 30 July 1987) is a British historian and scholar with a special interest in the history of piracy.
Mares is a researcher at University College London, a member of the Royal Historical Society, and a research associate at Oxford University.
Mares also holds a degree in English Literature and Philosophy, exploring writers from the Victorian period through the classical philosophical concepts of Aristotle.
In 2016, Mares published a widely-popular article about , discussing the movie on the basis of Disney's use of psychological appeal on the principle of nostalgia.
He went on to study at Masaryk University, Brno, while spending the academic year 2007 in New York as an exchange student.
He completed his Master of Arts (MA) degree in 2013, while he simultaneously undertook Humanities studies at Anglo-American University, graduating in 2015.
Between 2013 and 2016, Mares had resided with his wife in New York, where he utilised this opportunity to conduct his further archival research on the history of maritime piracy in Northern America.
In 2018, Mares has published an academic article about James Hunt, one of the understudied British proponents of Victorian scientific racism, presenting Hunt as one of the most influential figures for the later development of racist beliefs.
In 2014, Mares published his work 'The Art of Creating a Free City: A Philosophical Analysis with Special Focus on Ancient Societies', making the case that modern societies, compared to ancient Greeks, are driven by the dogmatic beliefs in the economics as an ultimate governing force, which separates and fragments the civic society into entrenched groups, crippling the democracy itself.
By contrast, Mares uses the examples of Greek city states, agoras and Plato's concept of justice as fairness to propose a different model for thinking about the civic society.
Mares illustrated this understanding by using examples of Achilles, Odysseus and Diomedes, presenting them as different avatars of such heroic qualities.
Since the late 2000s, Mares has contributed to various historical magazines and periodicals, including Živá Historie (Living History), York Historian, HISTORY Revue, Honey History, LEVEL Magazine, ABC, Excalibur or 'Pevnost'.
Since 2013, Mares has regularly attended the St. Luke Fundraiser for Haiti, an annual charity evening taking place in New York.
Mares is known for his support of several African wildlife protection and conservation organisations, including David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, an orphanage for elephants based in Kenya.
Mares' frequent travels to Africa led him to join a group of academics, supporting the preservation of dying African Yaaku language.
This list of European television awards is an index to articles about notable awards for contributions in various fields of television in Europe.
The list is organized by the home country of the organization that grants the awards, although they are not necessarily restricted to television in that country.
In 1948 he became the first chairman of the Kwahu District branch of the United Gold Coast Convention but joined the Convention People's Party in 1950.
On 1 July 1959 he was appointed District Commissioner for the Kwahu District and on 1 December 1960 he was transferred to Koforidua as the District Commissioner for the New Juaben District.
Sir Robert Hilton (died c.1431), of Swine and Winestead in Holderness, Yorkshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire in March 1416 and for Yorkshire 1419, 1425, 1426 and 1427.
Luís Filipe Hipólito Reis Pedrosa Campos (born 6 September 1964) is a Portuguese former manager, and current director of football for Lille OSC.
Campos began coaching in the lower leagues of Portugal at the age of 27 with Leiria, and managed several amateur teams and eventually professional teams in the Portuguese Primeira Liga.
He oversaw the transfers of Radamel Falcao, João Moutinho, James Rodríguez, Fabinho, Anthony Martial, Ricardo Carvalho, Dimitar Berbatov, Bernardo Silva, Tiémoué Bakayoko, Geoffrey Kondogbia, and Thomas Lemar amongst others.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity but there has been recent suggestion that this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
In the field of epigenetics, histone acetylation (and deacetylation) have been shown to be important mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
She won the gold medal in the women's 50 metre backstroke S4 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and the bronze medal in the women's 50 metre backstroke S3 at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Real Like You are an English–Irish girl group composed of Luena Martínez, Halle Williams, Seorsia Jack, Virginia Hampson, Kellimarie Willis and Jess Folley.
Judith Anne Smith is a former Magistrate Judge and current Associate Judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
While attending law school, she interned at the Legal Aid Society of the District of Columbia, National Criminal Justice Association and at the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia.
From 1994 to 2001 she returned to the Public Defender Service as a staff attorney and later as a special education attorney.
In 2001, she went to work in the Office of Special Education of the District of Columbia Public Schools as an executive director.
On September 15, 2008, Superior Court of the District of Columbia chief judge Rufus G. King III appointed Smith as a magistrate judge on the court.
President Barack Obama nominated Smith on March 25, 2010, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Geoffrey M. Alprin.
He received a Bachelor of Science from Tel Aviv University and a Master of Business Administration from the London Business School.
Upon completion of his studies, Levin began his executive career as a business consultant in the London offices of McKinsey & Company, the global management consulting firm.
In May 2017, Levin was named president and CEO of IDB Bank, a New York-based private and commercial bank and a wholly owned subsidiary of Discount Bank.
In June 2019, Asher-Topilsky made a surprise announcement that she would step down from her role as Discount Bank CEO by year-end to join a private equity firm.
Levin underwent a full day of interviews at Bank Hapoalim, only to withdraw his candidacy shortly thereafter and accept the CEO position at Discount Bank instead.
He formally exited IDB Bank upon the arrival of his successor, businessman Ziv Biron in December 2019, only to immediately begin duties as CEO of Discount Bank.
This article outlines the history of children's television programming on NBC including the various blocks and notable programs that have aired throughout the television network's history.
In May 2006, NBC Universal and Ion Media Networks announced plans to form Qubo, a joint venture in conjunction with Scholastic Corporation, Classic Media and Corus Entertainment subsidiary Nelvana.
The multi-platform programming endeavor, aimed at children between 4 and 8 years of age, would comprise children's program blocks airing on NBC, Spanish-language sister network Telemundo and Ion Media's i: Independent Television (now Ion Television), as well as a 24-hour digital multicast channel on i's owned-and-operated stations, video on demand services and a branded website.
NBC Kids debuted on July 7, 2012, one week after the Qubo block ended its run on both NBC and Telemundo on June 30 (leaving Ion Television as the only network to retain a Qubo-branded children's block, as Ion Media Networks is now sole owner of the Qubo properties including the flagship Qubo Channel television service).
On February 24, 2016 and March 1, 2016, NBC and Telemundo announced that it would lease its Saturday morning lineup to Litton Entertainment, The More You Know beginning October 2016 on NBC and January 2018 on Telemundo.
Named after NBC's series of public service campaigns, the three-hour Saturday morning block is programmed by Litton Entertainment, and features live-action programming aimed at teens.
The 2020 Primera División season, officially Liga de Fútbol Profesional Venezolano or Liga FUTVE, is the 39th professional season of Venezuela's top-flight football league.
No Apertura and Clausura tournaments will be held and the 20 teams will face each other in a home-and-away round-robin tournament, for a total of 38 matches per team.
The top eight teams of the first stage will advance to the semi-final stage, depending on the eligibility requirements for CONMEBOL tournaments.
In the semi-final stage, the eight teams will be divided in two groups of four teams each, facing the other teams in their group twice.
On 24 January, Llaneros was administratively relegated to the Segunda División by FVF as ordered by FIFA due to a lawsuit by former player Leonardo Ossa, whom the club failed to pay an outstanding debt.
It will end on 25 October with the top eight teams advancing to the semi-finals and the bottom two teams being relegated.
A total of 32 teams compete in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the final stages of the 2020 Copa Libertadores.
For the group stage, the 32 teams were drawn into eight groups (Groups A–H) of four containing a team from each of the four pots.
Teams from the same association could not be drawn into the same group, excluding the four winners of the third stage, which were allocated to Pot 4 and whose identity was not known at the time of the draw, and could be drawn into the same group with another team from the same association.
The following are the four winners of the third stage of qualifying which join the 28 direct entrants in the group stage.
Léo Chuard is a Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing with Genève-Servette HC of the National League (NL).
Chuard made his National League (NL) debut with Genève-Servette HC during the 2015-16 season, playing only 4 minutes in a single game.
He never played for the team again before being loaned to HC La Chaux-de-Fonds of the Swiss League (SL) during the 2017-18 season.
He posted a .930 SVS% with a 2.38 GAA through 37 regular season games and a .936 SVS% in 10 playoffs games.
Chuard started the 2019-20 season as a free agent before returning to Genève-Servette HC on December 16, 2019, agreeing to a one-year deal.
Chuard was born and raised in Geneva, Switzerland and played all of his junior hockey with Genève-Servette HC's various junior teams.
Ziv Biron is a businessman and the president and CEO of IDB Bank, a New York-based private and commercial bank with locations in the United States, Latin America and Israel.
He received a BA and LLB from Tel Aviv University, as well as a MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Before promoted to President and CEO of IDB Bank in October 2019, Biron had served as chief financial officer and head of planning strategy at Discount Bank, IDB's Tel Aviv-based parent company.
Nanette Guilford (17 August 1903, New York – 17 March 1990, New York), born Nanette Gutman, was an American opera singer (soprano), voice teacher and recording entrepreneur.
She is best known for singing at the Metropolitan Opera House from 1923 to 1932 and as one of the first American singers to establish operatic career without studying in Europe.
The couple knew each other for three years before marriage and were engaged for six months keeping secret the news of the engagement to escape publicity.
The marriage was over after fifteen months, in 1930 when Guilford filled the suit for divorce on the grounds of incompatibility of temperament.
Charley Panaretta, the top hitman for Don Carraro's family, meets an enormous, but very beautiful blonde dancer in one of the Family's nightclubs.
She calls herself Mardell La Tour and says that she is English and is partially guided through life by radio waves emanating from Buckingham Palace.
Actually she Grace Willand Crowell, daughter of an immensely wealthy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs whose family lives in Georgetown.
To help a friend of hers who is striving for a master's degree in sociology, Mardell, an aspiring actress, has assumed a number of off-beat real-life identities in the last year in order to provide insights about different levels of society for her friend.
At the same time that Charley begins a highly emotional but also sexual affair with Mardell, Maerose Prizzi, a granddaughter of the powerful Don, has been mapping out her future career in which she aims to become the first female Don of a family.
She soon begins a sexual affair with the hapless Charley, who is now buffeted between the increasingly strident emotional demands of the two women—as well as carrying out his primary duties, that of eliminating various people across the United States seen as threats to various high-ranking members of the Prizzi family.
Events come to a surreal semi-climax at an enormous engagement party that Don Carraro has organized for Maerose and Charley—to the stupefaction of her family, Maerose becomes embarrassingly drunk and runs off to Mexico City with one of the male guests.
After that, it only remains for Charley to carry out another multiple homicide for the family, to bring back four thumbs to the Don, and to allow Mardell to withdraw herself from his life.
Condon attacked his targets, usually gangsters, financiers, and politicians, wholeheartedly but with a uniquely original style and wit that made almost any paragraph from one of his books instantly recognizable.
In Prizzi's Honor, Condon's normal exuberance was somewhat curbed by choosing to narrate the events through the viewpoints of its various semi-literate gangsters, which limited the scope of his imagery.
All of Condon's books have, to an unknown degree, the names of real people in them as characters, generally very minor or peripheral.
The real-life Heller was a television director in New York City in the 1950s, '60s, and 70s, who initially lived on Long Island and then moved to a house on Rockrimmon Road in Stamford, Connecticut.
Obsessed with Mardell yet pulled by loyalty and lust to Maerose, Charley is trapped between them, all the while carrying out his regular duties as the Prizzi enforcer.
Condon serves up this zesty mix with good humor, broadside slams at politicians and evangelism, and generous helpings of Sicilian food.
...the sketches of Mafia viciousness and hypocrisy are often deliciously mordant; and, with those movie characterizations to bolster Charley and Maerose in the reader's mind, there's enough dark whimsy and oafish pathos here to provide earthy, quirky, fast-moving entertainment.
Defendant then delivered a felonious assault, using characters with no sense of reality to them who were involved in story lines that have more holes than a shooting victim.
But Defendant Condon did enter bookstores in disdain of criminal code 155.40 (grand larceny, first degree) in that he enticed people who trust his name and loved his past successes and that in doing so, he committed the crime of grand larceny, first degree.
The 2020 season will be Malmö FF's 109th in existence, their 85th season in Allsvenskan and their 20th consecutive season in the league.
The Zamboanga Sibugay creation plebiscite was a plebiscite on the creation of the Province of Zamboanga Sibugay from Zamboanga del Sur province in the Philippines.
Ralph Trenewith (died 1393), of Trenowth in St. Probus, Cornwall, was an English Member of Parliament for Truro 1377 and 1393.
Ralph Trenewith (died 1427), of Fentongollan in St Michael Penkivel and Trenowth in St. Probus, Cornwall, was an English Member of Parliament in 1395 for Liskeard.
H3K56ac is important for chromatin remodeling and serves as a marker of new nucleosomes during DNA replication but its role in the cell cycle is debated.
Lysine 56 is located at the amino-terminal αN-helix and close to the site where the DNA enters and exits the nucleosome.
Sirtuins can catalyze the removal of the acetyl group from K56 H3K56ac levels are elevated in cancer and pluripotent cells.TRIM66 reads unmodified H3R2K4 and H3K56ac to respond to DNA damage.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity but there has been recent suggestion that this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
In the field of epigenetics, histone acetylation (and deacetylation) have been shown to be important mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
H3K56ac is important for chromatin remodeling and serves as a marker of new nucleosomes during DNA replication but its role in the cell cycle is debated.
Lysine 56 is located at the amino-terminal αN-helix and close to the site where the DNA enters and exits the nucleosome.
due to its location on the lateral surface of the nucleosome, which is close to the DNA entry/exit site and interacts with DNA29.
Sirtuins can catalyze the removal of the acetyl group from K56 H3K56ac levels are elevated in cancer and pluripotent cells TRIM66 reads unmodified H3R2K4 and H3K56ac to respond to DNA damage.
Renuka Gurung () is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
The 2019–20 Pyramids season is the 11th season in the football club's history and 3rd consecutive and 4th overall season in the top flight of Egyptian football, the Egyptian Premier League, having been promoted from the Egyptian Second Division in 2017.
In addition to the domestic league, Pyramids are also participating in this season's editions of the domestic cup, the Egypt Cup and the second-tier African cup, the CAF Confederation Cup.
Pyramids entered the competition from the round of 32 and were given a home tie against Egyptian Second Division side Nogoom.
The bracket of the tournament was also decided at the time of the round of 32 draw; meaning that the path to the final for each time was decided prior to playing any matches.
Pyramids entered the competition for the first time in their history after finishing 3rd in the previous season of the league.
Pyramids were drawn against the winner of the tie involving CR Belouizdad from Algeria and AS CotonTchad from Chad, which was won by the former.
Pyramids were drawn against Young Africans from Tanzania, who were transferred to the CAF Confederation Cup from the CAF Champions League after losing their tie in the first round.
Pyramids were drawn in Group A alongside FC Nouadhibou from Mauritania, Enugu Rangers from Nigeria and fellow Egyptian side Al Masry.
The Kate is an American public television music program recorded live at the Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
It is produced by Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station CPTV and is broadcast on PBS stations across the United States.
Tajiya is a netball coach, personal trainer, group fitness instructor for children and adults and a volunteer for Red Cross Cook Islands.
On 27 October 2019, Tajiya was crowned winner of Miss Cook Islands 2019 at a ceremony held at National Auditorium, Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
On 14 December 2019, Tajiya reached the top twelve at Miss World 2019 and gained the title Miss World Oceania 2019.
She represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's long jump T44 event.
She qualified to represent the Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the silver medal in the women's 100 metres T64 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
The Antwerp Trade Fair is an events venue in the Belgian city of Antwerp, located in the Twaalfmaandenstraat, a side street of the Meir.
From 1531 to 1661 it was the site of the world's first dedicated commodity exchange, and after extensive renovations it housed the Antwerp stock exchange from 1872 until 1997.
After the 1997 merger of the Antwerp stock exchange with the Brussels stock exchange, and the advent of online trading, the exchange building in Antwerp fell into disuse, with various proposals to redevelop the building going nowhere for fifteen years.
In October 2014, it was announced that the new building application for the project was approved by the city of Antwerp.
But at the beginning of December 2014, it became known that various local residents had appealed to the permanent deputation of the province against the building permit.
In April 2015, the province confirmed the building permit on the condition of a few adjustments to meet the concerns of local residents.
It was organised as the first 'Mixed' regiment in which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit's personnel, though it later reverted to an all-male organisation.
By 1941, after two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
The first of these new batteries took over an operational gun site in Richmond Park, south-west London, in August 1941, and the first full regiment of converted batteries soon followed: 131st (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, whose regimental headquarters (RHQ) formed at Bitterne, near Southampton, on 25 August.
It served with the regiment until 2 April 1942 when it was reduced to a cadre to form the basis of a mixed battery at 205th HAA Training Rgt, Arborfield, but once it had completed conversion 458 (M) HAA Bty did not return to the regiment and instead joined a new 160th (M) HAA Rgt forming at Fort Fareham, Hampshire.
428 HAA Battery, also all-male, joined 131st (M) HAA Rgt from 54th (City of London) HAA Rgt on 29 December 1941.
131st HAA Regiment supplied a cadre to 207th HAA Training Rgt at Devizes as the basis of a new 520 (M) HAA Bty formed on 15 January 1942; this joined 152nd (M) HAA Rgt.
After formation, 131st (M) HAA Rgt was assigned to 35th Anti-Aircraft Brigade, part of 5th Anti-Aircraft Division tasked with defending Southampton and Portsmouth.
However, 310 and 368 (M) HAA Btys came under the control of 8th Anti-Aircraft Division defending the area west of Southampton.
In late 1941 and early 1942 RHQ only had 428 and 458 HAA Btys under its direct command, and lost its 'Mixed' designation.
After 458 HAA Bty left for conversion, and 428 Bty came under the control of 72nd (Hampshire) HAA Rgt, RHQ had no batteries under its direct command until it was joined on 10 July 1942 by another all-male battery, 376 HAA Bty from 97th (London Scottish) HAA Rgt.
The regiment and its four batteries (310, 368, 376, and 428), now all-male, left for 37 AA Bde in 6th Anti-Aircraft Division in July 1942.
37 AA Brigade operated the 'Thames North' AA layout in Essex, a key part of the AA defences of London against raiders flying up the Thames Estuary; 376 HAA Bty was under the operational command of 71 AA Bde, which was newly forming in 6 AA Division.
However, this deployment did not last long, and in August 1942 the regiment moved again, to 70 AA Bde in 4th Anti-Aircraft Division in North West England, with 376 and 428 HAA Btys attached to 33 (Western) AA Bde in Liverpool, 376 later coming under 44 AA Bde at Manchester.
In October 1942, 4th AA Division had been replaced by 4 AA Group and by March 1943 the regiment had moved to 53 AA Bde within that group.
First 310 and then 428 HAA Btys were attached for a time to 5 AA Group in North East England and then on 3 August 1943 the regiment began to disperse.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
She was named after Henry Watterson, an American journalist, partial term US Congressman from Kentucky, and Pulitzer Prize winner in 1918, for two editorials supporting U.S. entry into World War I.
Prior to that, In January 2012, she worked at Airtel serving as regulatory director, responsible for telecommunications and ICT law, policy, regulation and stakeholder management.She also worked at the Zambia ICT Authority, serving as the legal and regulatory director from January 2001 to December 2011..
American television awards are or were given by several organizations for contributions in various fields of television in the United States.
For this purpose, the collection was subdivided into twelve thematic spaces of different epochs of the art layer, from Romanik to Realism.
Jefferson Bucks Hospital is a non-profit hospital located in Langhorne, Pennsylvania and is apart of Jefferson Health Northeast, a multi-state non-profit health system now apart of Jefferson Health.
In 2019, Jefferson Frankford Hospital was named one of 18 Philadelphia region hospitals that made Healthgrades' top 250 hospitals for 2019.
On July 22, 2019, Jefferson Bucks temporarily lost power due to a storm that left over 9000 residents in Bucks County without power.
Within the Northern Cape provincial government, she serves as the MEC (Member of the Executive Council) for Sport, Arts and Culture.
Originally laid out as St. James Square in 1848, local newspapers dubbed the site a park in 1885, shortly after a fountain was installed in the center of the area.
St. James Park was the site of a notorious lynching in 1933 of the two who were accused of kidnapping and murdering Brooke Hart.
Since then, the park has been bisected by a road and light rail tracks; it is now a focus of the homeless population of San Jose.
St. James Square was mapped in 1848 as part of the official survey of the city by Charles Lyman, but not further developed until after Trinity Episcopal Church was erected next to the square in 1863; the Square was developed in the late 1860s, starting with a fence erected in 1866.
It was one of three public squares in San Jose at the time, alongside Washington Square (site of present-day San Jose State) and Market Plaza (now Plaza de César Chávez); O'Donnell was responsible for all three.
Under O'Donnell's plan, the landscaping effort was in planting hundreds of trees to provide shade, a rarity in downtown San Jose at the time.
Although oral histories indicate that Frederick Law Olmsted was involved in the initial design of the park, his formal participation has not been confirmed.
One of the first major features was a fountain at the park's center; it was built in 1885 and the area began to be called St. James Park instead of St. James Square at about this time.
According to contemporary photographs, the fountain contained a standing female figure, with water spilling from an urn held over the statue's head.
Ulrich is credited with adding rows of palm trees along North First and Third streets to provide a more formal border between the park and encroaching downtown businesses.
By 1891, formal diagonal and curvilinear paths had been laid through the park, according to contemporary photographs and that year's Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
President William McKinley visited San Jose on May 13, 1901 en route to San Francisco; plans for his welcome included a giant bouquet of cut flowers tall and in circumference at the western entrance to St. James Park, billed as the largest bouquet ever made.
After his assassination in September 1901, citizens of San Jose held a memorial service at St. James Park and began planning a permanent monument.
On February 21, 1903, the statue was unveiled on the site where the president had spoken to the public during his visit to the city in May 1901.
The standing bronze sculpture, mounted on a granite pedestal, was executed by Rupert Schmid at a cost of , paid through private donations.
A brass cannon is at the foot of the McKinley monument; it has been the site of vigilante justice, including a 1918 incident in which George Koetzer, a brewery employee, was accused of making pro-German remarks, for which he was tarred and feathered, then chained to the cannon.
Diagonal paths connect the corners of the park with the central fountain plaza; additional paths cutting east-west and north-south through the center of the park are also present, along with a meandering path connecting all four corners slightly in from the park's perimeter.
The 1885 fountain was demolished in a remodel that occurred under a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project to renovate the park in the 1930s.
Various WPA projects brought a new post office to the park's western edge and restrooms at the northern and southern ends of the park; the restrooms were removed in the 1950s.
During the construction of the post office, Harold Thurmond and John Holmes were lynched in St. James Park for the kidnapping and murder of Brooke Hart in November 1933.
Construction materials from the post office were used to storm the city jail where the men were being held; the trees in the park from which the men were hanged (not far from the McKinley memorial) were removed shortly afterward to deter souvenir-seekers.
Kennedy had spoken at St. James Park on March 23, 1968 while running for president; he was assassinated later that year.
In 1994, the Memorial Bell for San Jose firefighters was moved to the park from Plaza de César Chávez; it was subsequently relocated to Old Fire Station 1 in 2001.
Voters narrowly passed an initiative to extend North Second Street through the center of the park in 1952 to accommodate increased traffic, and the extension was completed in 1955, bisecting it; a later proposal to remove North Second in 1976 failed.
A senior center was constructed in 1973 in the northeast quadrant of the park, using modular structures that were intended to be temporary.
A replacement fountain was constructed between 1988 and 1990 in the western half of the park, but is presently not functioning.
St. James Park is bounded by East St. James Street (on the north), North Third St (on the east), East St. John St (on the south), and North First St (on the west); it is divided into western and eastern halves by North Second Street.
As originally laid out, it measured (east-west between North First and North Third) and (north-south from East St James to East St John).
It is served by the Saint James Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stop; northbound trains stop along the western edge, along North First, and southbound trains stop in the center of the park, along North Second.
The St. James Square Historic District established in 1979 consisted of St. James Park along with nine contributing properties surrounding it.
One of the properties listed as contributing to the Historic District, the Clarence Letcher Garage or Four-Wheel Brake Building at the corner of N 1st and St James, most recently housed the Oasis nightclub until it was shut down in 1996 following the beating death of Jason Cooper; the building was demolished in 2010.
Clarence Letcher was a prominent San Jose automobile dealer who was shot and killed by his wife in a murder-suicide that occurred at the Garage on July 3, 1926.
Inside is a handcuffed corpse; the ex-lover of the dead man was the son of a serving detective inspector in what was the old Lothian & Borders Police Force of Rebus' day before it became Police Scotland.
As ever, Rebus and also 'Big Ger' Cafferty, are connected to the case and end up featuring prominently in the investigation, of which Detective Inspector Siobhan Clarke is also a major player in.
Ian Rankin has stated that inspiration for the novel in part came from the murder of Daniel Morgan, who was a private detective in South London in the late 1980s.
The plot sees married couple Paul (Paul Reiser) and Jamie Buchman (Helen Hunt) have a 20-minute conversation in front of their bedroom door, as they allow their infant daughter Mabel to cry herself to sleep for the first time.
The episode was originally broadcast uninterrupted by commercials, which only aired after the opening theme and just before the end credits.
He also wanted an episode that would showcase Reiser and Hunt, who had always wanted to try the bottle episode format.
It received a mixed reaction following its broadcast, with critics praising Reiser and Hunt's performances, and the honest and funny script.
Jamie and Paul Buchman put their infant daughter Mabel to bed, and wait outside the bedroom door to see if she will go to sleep on her own.
Paul is unhappy with the method, as he wants to go in and hold Mabel, but Jamie insists that it will be good for her in the end, and stops him from going into the room early.
As they wait outside the door, Paul and Jamie talk about various topics, including Jamie winning 500 pounds of rigatoni, Paul's concern that he is shrinking and his sudden realization that they have a cabinet by the room.
Paul picks up a magazine featuring a sales listing for a house, and he admits that he wants to move to the suburbs.
Paul and Jamie argue over city and suburban living, causing Jamie to remark that they are completely incompatible as parents, as they disagree on almost everything.
Levin spoke with the writing staff and the actors about his idea of Paul and Jamie being unable to leave the doorway to their bedroom, as they listen to their daughter's cries.
Reiser said that the bottle episode format was something the show had always wanted to try, following a season one episode set in the bathroom.
He told McAlister that the format was the right way for the story to be told and that it was not a stunt.
In preparation for filming, the cast and crew had to know the exact length of the script, so they would not run over the time or run too short.
At one point, Paul and Jamie realize their dog Murray is in the bedroom with Mabel and Paul has to crawl in to get Murray out.
He also revealed that the lack of commercials impacted the writing, and he made sure that, despite being one scene, the episode had a beginning, middle and end.
In the episode's tag, Paul and Jamie are shown watching a film in a similar style to the episode, and Jamie expresses her dislike of the one-take approach.
He found the idea to be ambitious, and thought the subject matter would resonate with parents going through the same thing with their children.
It was one of the first 'Mixed' regiments in which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit's personnel.
It defended London and South-East England against aerial attack until it deployed to Belgium in January 1945 to defend Brussels against V-1 flying bombs.
By 1941, after two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
The first of these new units, 435 (Mixed) HAA Battery, took over an operational gun site in Richmond Park, south-west London, in August 1941, and a full regiment of converted batteries soon followed.
The next group of mixed regiments was formed on 22 September 1941, including 132nd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, whose regimental headquarters formed in Highgate, North London.
The new regiment was assigned to 26th (London) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, part of 1st Anti-Aircraft Division operating the London Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ) of defences.
553 (M) HAA Battery, formed on 16 April 1942 at Arborfield by 205th HAA Training Rgt from another cadre supplied by 105th HAA Rgt, was due to have been regimented with 132nd HAA Rgt by 26 June, but there was a shortage of ATS recruits and its formation was delayed.
132nd HAA Regiment supplied another cadre to 24th HAA Training Rgt at Blackdown as the basis of a new 565 (M) HAA Bty formed on 10 June 1942; this also joined 163rd (M) HAA Rgt.
A few sporadic attacks were made on London during 1943, by conventional bombers at night on 17 January, 3 March and 16 April, by daylight Fighter-bombers on 12 March, and by night again on 7 and 20 October.
By now the night fighter defences and the London IAZ were well organised and the attackers suffered heavy losses for relatively small results.
Five raids in the third week of February varying in strength from 100 to 140 aircraft were met by intense AA fire from the Thames Estuary in to the IAZ and fewer than half reached the city; 13 were shot down by AA Command, 15 by Royal Air Force night-fighters, and one 'kill' was shared.
More significant were the V-1 flying bombs, codenamed 'Divers', which began to be launched against London from Northern France soon after the Allies launched their invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) on D-Day.
Defences had been planned against this new form of attack (Operation Diver), but the missiles' small size, high speed and awkward height presented a severe problem for AA guns.
After two weeks' experience AA Command carried out a major reorganisation, stripping guns from the London IAZ and other parts of the UK and repositioning them along the South Coast to target V-1s coming in over the English Channel, where the gun-laying radar worked best and where a 'downed' V-1 would cause no damage.
The whole process involved moving hundreds of guns and vehicles and thousands of servicemen and women, but a new 8-gun HAA battery site could be established in 48 hours.
After moving the mobile 3.7-inch HAA guns to the coast, these were progressively replaced by the static Mark IIC model, which had power traverse, accompanied by the most sophisticated Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictor (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer).
In early August 132nd (M) HAA Rgt came under the command of 102 AA Brigade, which had been scheduled to take part in 'Overlord' but had been diverted to reinforce the 'Diver' defences in South East England.
The guns were constantly in action and the success rate of the HAA batteries against 'Divers' rose progressively until late summer, when the launching sites in Normandy were overrun by 21st Army Group.
132nd (M) HAA Regiment initially remained on the South Coast, switching to 43 AA Brigade in October, and then when that was disbanded reverting to 26 (London) AA Bde.
Once 21st Army Group had captured Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
AA Command's experience had shown that the power-operated, remotely controlled Mk IIC 3.7-inch gun, with automatic fuze-setting, SCR 584 radar and Predictor No 10 were required to deal effectively with V-1s, but 21st Army Group's mobile HAA units did not have experience with this equipment.
132nd HAA Regiment was the second Mixed unit sent from AA Command to reinforce the Brussels 'X' defences in January 1945.
The Brussels 'X' defences under 101 AA Brigade involved an outer line of Wireless Observer Units sited to in front of the guns to give 8 minutes' warning, then Local Warning (LW) stations positioned half way, equipped with radar to begin plotting individual missiles.
Finally there was an inner belt of Observation Posts (OPs), about in front of the guns to give visual confirmation that the tracked target was a missile.
Unlike the anti-Diver guns firing over the English Channel or North Sea, VT fuzes could not be employed by the HAA batteries at Brussels because of the risk of casualties to troops and civilians under the missiles' flightpath.
The success rate of the Brussels X defences had been low at first, but after the arrival of Mk IIC guns and experienced crews from AA Command the results improved considerably, with best results in February and March 1945.
The number of missiles launched at Brussels dropped rapidly as 21st Army Group continued its advance, and in the last week the AA defences destroyed 97.5 per cent of those reaching the defence belt.
The war in Europe ended on VE Day (8 May 1945) and 132nd (Mixed) HAA Regiment and its three batteries were disbanded on 31 May.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
Ikeduba although being a native of Delta State was born in Ebute-Meta in Lagos State a south-western geographical area of Nigeria predominantly occupied by the Yoruba speaking people of Nigeria and is from a family of six—four children, two male, two female, a mother, and a father—of which he is the first born child.
Ikeduba received both primary and secondary school education in Lagos state but in bid to obtain a university degree he relocated to the Benin city, a south-south geographical area of Nigeria where he applied to the University of Benin to study Economics.
In an interview with Vanguard, a Nigerian print media press, Ikeduba stated that he debuted into the Nigerian movie industry in the year 2000.
He described his venture into the Nigerian movie industry as a coincidence as he initially only wanted to accompany a friend to an audition for actors but on reaching their destination he decided to audition also and was successful in it as he was called back and given a movie role.
Ikeduba’s ability to understand and communicate in all three major languages in Nigeria has been pivotal to his career, he acknowledges this fact and speaks publicly about it.
Ikeduba is multilingual as he can speak the Yoruba language, the Hausa Language the Igbo language as well as the English language, which is the official language of commuication in Nigeria.
His first appearance was against Rhodesia in the 1968 Davis Cup Europe Zone, first-round tie that was scheduled for Båstad, Sweden.
A demonstrators protest, that became known as the Båstad riots, against the political situation in Rhodesia, caused the tie to be moved to Bandol, France.
Nerell played both in the singles and doubles, losing his first singles match and winning the doubles with Ove Bengtson, as well as the his second singles, coming back for a two set to zero deficit.
He lost in the second round of the singles and doubles and, with partner Margareta Strandberg, in the first round of the mixed doubles.
He and Strandberg also qualified for the mixed doubles at the 1969 Wimbledon Championships, once again losing in the first round.
It was one of the first 'Mixed' regiments in which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit's personnel.
It defended the United Kingdom against aerial attack until it deployed to Belgium in January 1945 to defend Brussels against V-1 flying bombs.
By 1941, after two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
The first of these new batteries took over an operational gun site in Richmond Park, south-west London, in August 1941, and complete regiments soon followed, including 137th (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, whose regimental headquarters formed at Newton, Chester, on 10 November 1941.
At the end of the year the new regiment was assigned to 33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade in Liverpool, part of 4th Anti-Aircraft Division.
On 5 January 1942, 477 (M) HAA Bty transferred to 142nd HAA Rgt in exchange for 487 (M) HAA Bty, which joined 137th HAA Rgt on 1 February (487 was another Oswestry-trained battery, with its cadre drawn from 107th HAA Rgt).
137th (M) HAA Regiment sent a cadre to 211th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry where it formed 574 (M) HAA Bty on 30 June 1942.
Then in September the regiment moved from North West England to the London Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ), where it came under the command of 26 (London) AA Bde in 1st AA Division and was joined by 574 (M) HAA Bty.
On 9 November 590 (M) HAA Bty also joined, having been formed at Oswestry from a 1st AA Division cadre and briefly served with 183rd (M) HAA Rgt.
A few sporadic attacks were made on London during 1943, by conventional bombers at night on 17 January, 3 March and 16 April, by daylight Fighter-bombers on 12 March, and by night again on 7 and 20 October.
By now the night fighter defences and the London IAZ were well organised and the attackers suffered heavy losses for relatively small results.
Five raids in the third week of February varying in strength from 100 to 140 aircraft were met by intense AA fire from the Thames Estuary in to the IAZ and fewer than half reached the city; 13 were shot down by AA Command, 15 by Royal Air Force night-fighters, and one 'kill' was shared.
More significant were the V-1 flying bombs, codenamed 'Divers', which began to be launched against London from Northern France soon after the Allies launched their invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) on D-Day.
Defences had been planned against this new form of attack (Operation Diver), but the missiles' small size, high speed and awkward height presented a severe problem for AA guns.
After two weeks' experience AA Command carried out a major reorganisation, stripping many guns from the London IAZ and other parts of the UK and repositioning them along the South Coast to target V-1s coming in over the English Channel, where the gun-laying radar worked best and where a 'downed' V-1 would cause no damage.
137th (M) HAA Regiment remained in the London IAZ, though here the guns stayed largely silent, to the dismay of Londoners.
A second campaign of air-launched missiles coming in from the North Sea led to a second redeployment by AA Command to East Anglia, but again 137th (M) HAA Rgt was unaffected by the moves.
574 and 590 (M) HAA Batteries were disbanded on 16 October 1944, but the regiment was briefly joined from 7 to 30 November by 455 HAA Bty from 129th (M) HAA Rgt before it became an independent battery.
Once 21st Army Group had captured Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
AA Command's experience had shown that the power-operated, remotely controlled static Mk IIC 3.7-inch HAA gun, which had power traverse and automatic fuze-setting, accompanied by the most sophisticated Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictor (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer), were required to deal effectively with V-1s, but 21st Army Group's mobile HAA units did not have experience with this equipment.
137th (M) HAA Regiment was the first Mixed unit sent from AA Command to reinforce the Brussels 'X' defences in January 1945.
The Brussels 'X' defences under 101 AA Brigade involved an outer line of Wireless Observer Units sited to in front of the guns to give 8 minutes' warning, then Local Warning (LW) stations positioned half way, equipped with radar to begin plotting individual missiles.
Finally there was an inner belt of Observation Posts (OPs), about in front of the guns to give visual confirmation that the tracked target was a missile.
Unlike the anti-Diver guns firing over the English Channel or North Sea, VT Proximity fuzes could not be employed by the HAA batteries at Brussels because of the risk of casualties to troops and civilians under the missiles' flightpath.
The success rate of the Brussels X defences had been low at first, but after the arrival of Mk IIC guns and experienced crews from AA Command the results improved considerably, with best results in February and March 1945.
The number of missiles launched at Brussels dropped rapidly as 21st Army Group continued its advance, and in the last week the AA defences destroyed 97.5 per cent of those reaching the defence belt.
The war in Europe ended on VE Day (8 May 1945) and 137th (Mixed) HAA Regiment and its three batteries was disbanded on 25 October.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
Ruhi Naaj (last name also spelled Naj, Naz or Naaz) is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
The production took place at the Music Factory and Prophecy Studios in Germany, as well as Zero Gravity Studios] in Athens.
Ellen Van Volkenburg (October 8, 1882 – December 15, 1978), born Nellie Van Volkenburg in Battle Creek, Michigan, was a leading actress, director, puppeteer and theater educator in the United States and the UK.
Educated at the University of Michigan, Van Volkenburg has been credited, along with her then-husband Englishman Maurice Browne, with being the founder of the Little Theatre Movement in America through their work with the Chicago Little Theatre.
Van Volkenburg and Browne went on to found the department of drama at the Cornish School in Seattle in 1918, now Cornish College of the Arts.
A cardiac diet also known as a heart healthy diet is a diet focus on reducing sodium, fat and cholesterol intake.
She was named after George Dewey, the only person in United States history to obtain the rank Admiral of the Navy.
Dewey was a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and fought in both the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War.
She was sunk on 25 April 1976, at along with her sister ships , sunk on 15 June 1976, and , sunk on 6 April 1976.
It was the first 'Mixed' battery in which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit's personnel and was the forerunner of hundreds of later batteries.
It defended the United Kingdom against aerial attack until it deployed to Belgium in January 1945 to defend Brussels against V-1 flying bombs.
By 1941, after two years of war, Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including laying, fuze-setting and loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
435 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery was ordered to form on 21 May 1941 from a cadre of experienced officers and men supplied by 84th (Middlesex, London Transport) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery.
But this order was rescinded, and a new 435 HAA Bty was formed at Oswestry on 12 June with men transferred from 255, 259 and 260 Light AA Batteries, which had been formed at Carlisle and Saighton on 8 May and then disbanded.
The new battery was converted into a Mixed unit (with two-thirds of its personnel supplied by the ATS) on 25 June, and took over an operational gun site in Richmond Park, south-west London, in August.
435 (Mixed) HAA Battery was regimented with 105th HAA Regiment in 26th (London) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, part of 1st Anti-Aircraft Division operating the London Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ) of defences.
The London Blitz had ended in May 1941 and for nearly two years the city was hardly affected by bombing raids apart from a few sporadic attacks during 1943.
By now the night fighter defences and the London IAZ were well organised and the attackers suffered heavy losses for relatively small results.
More significant were the V-1 flying bombs, codenamed 'Divers', which began to be launched against London from Northern France soon after the Allies launched their invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) on D-Day.
V-1s (known to Londoners as 'Doodlebugs') presented AA Command's biggest challenge since the Blitz: the missiles' small size, high speed and awkward height presented a severe problem for AA guns.
After two weeks' experience AA Command carried out a major reorganisation, stripping guns from the London IAZ, including 132nd (M) HAA Rgt, and repositioning them along the South Coast to target V-1s coming in over the English Channel, where the gun-laying radar worked best and where a 'downed' V-1 would cause no damage.
The whole process involved moving hundreds of guns and vehicles and thousands of servicemen and women, but a new 8-gun HAA battery site could be established in 48 hours.
After moving the mobile 3.7-inch HAA guns to the coast, these were progressively replaced by the static Mark IIC model, which had power traverse, accompanied by the most sophisticated Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictor (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer).
The guns were constantly in action and the success rate of the HAA batteries against 'Divers' rose progressively until late summer, when the launching sites in Normandy were overrun by 21st Army Group.
Once 21st Army Group had captured Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
AA Command's experience had shown that the power-operated, remotely controlled Mk IIC 3.7-inch gun, with automatic fuze-setting, SCR 584 radar and Predictor No 10 were required to deal with V-1s, but 21st Army Group's mobile HAA units did not have experience with this equipment.
132nd HAA Regiment was the second Mixed unit sent from AA Command to reinforce the Brussels 'X' defences in January 1945.
The success rate of the Brussels X defences had been low at first, but after the arrival of Mk IIC guns and experienced crews from AA Command the results improved considerably, with best results in February and March 1945.
The number of missiles launched at Brussels dropped rapidly as 21st Army continued its advance, and in the last week the AA defences destroyed 97.5 per cent of those reaching the defence belt.
The war in Europe ended on VE Day (8 May 1945) and 435 (Mixed) HAA Battery along with the rest of the regiment was disbanded on 31 May.
While the male members of the battery wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' shoulder badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
In 2016, the label released a compilation album featuring the work of Anebsa, Doniki, Junior Kelly, Determine, Jah Mason and Turbulance.
This article lists the provinces of South Africa by their average life expectancy at birth according to data by Statistics South Africa.
When the primary mode of transport shifted from ships to trains and trucks, the market moved to the north side of Benton Harbor.
In 1960 the market accommodated 293 buyer stalls on a 16-acre facility which included wholesale and retail markets, a restaurant, and a migrant labor camp.
The principle products sold at that time were strawberries, peaches and tomatoes, representing half of the entire United States sales of these crops.
The market was owned and operated by the City of Benton Harbor, but today it is owned and operated by Benton Harbor Fruit Market Inc.
On July 20, 1970 the market was the destination for a protest march organized by Michigan labor activists in support of the California Grape Boycott organized by Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and the United Farm Workers.
In 2010 the nearby Southwest Michigan Regional Airport sued the Market for eminent domain to gain five acres of the fruit market's land.
Of these, 78.9% spoke Russian, 10.7% Mordvin, 4.6% Chuvash, 4.5% Tatar, 0.9% Belarusian, 0.2% Latvian and 0.2% Estonian as their native language.
In interviews, Knevel pointed at a specific moment that God entered his life during an economics lecture, and that he decided that he wanted to become a minister instead.
Knevel changed his field of study to theology: first at the Vrije Universiteit, but after a year he switched to Utrecht University, where he graduated in 1979.
Alongside his study, he tought theology and society sciences at the Christian high school Farelcollege in Ridderkerk between 1976 and 1978.
In 1978, Knevel started as free lance desk reporter at the Evangelische Omroep (EO), a Dutch public broadcasting organisation with evangelical-protestant roots.
Alongside his public facing job, he took a leadership position of the broadcasting organisation, and became one of its directors between 1993 and 2006.
In 2005, Knevel declared in a radio talk show that he no longer accepted the classical creationism teaching that the earth was created in six days.
He was at the time still a director at the EO, and considered it no longer scientifically acceptable to rely on the historical accuracy of Genesis 1.
This was especially notable because the EO was for many years one of the main voices that promoted the creationism in the Netherlands.
In 2009, he angered several of the EO members because he signed during a TV show a document that he did not literally believe in the creationist teachings, and that Darwins theory may be true.
He stated that he could be an devout orthodox Protestant, without believing that the world was created six thousand years ago in six times 24 hours, and that he regretted that he misled viewers and children in the past.
Emilie Sofie Hesseldal (born 21 December 1990) is an Danish professional basketball player and a member of the Danish national basketball team.
In 2012, Hesseldal transferred to Horsholm 79ers where she appeared in two games, averaging 25.0 points and 9.0 rebounds, before moving to college in the United States.
After missing a month, she played through the injury for the remaining of the season and despite requiring a Tommy John surgery to repair the damage, she decided to forgo the surgery prior to her senior season as it would've ended her college career.
She returned to the court with Stevnsgade BBK prior to the 2017-2018 season and helped the team reach the Dameligaen finals where the club lost to Horsholm 79ers in five games.
Hesseldal signed with Liga Feminina de Basquetebol club Vitória S.C. for the 2018–2019 season where she went on to average 11.2 points and league leading 12.2 rebounds per game.
It is situated on the southwestern border of Valhalla Provincial Park, southeast of Gregorio Peak, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake.
To conform with the correct spelling of the family name, the spelling was changed to Drinnan Peak, and officially adopted February 3, 1986, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
The first ascent of the peak was made August 19, 1974, by Bob Dean, Janice Isaac, Kim Kratky, and Peter Wood.
The 2019–20 Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions basketball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Lady Lions are led by third year head coach Ayla Guzzardo, and play their home games at the University Center as members of the Southland Conference.
Creeper chickens are characterised by abnormally short legs, so short that the body is carried a few centimetres from the ground.
A number of breeds display the characteristic, among them the Chabo and Jitokku breeds of Japan, the Courte-pattes of France, the Krüper of Germany, the Luttehøns of Denmark, and the Scots Dumpy.
It was shown to be present in the Chabo by Landauer in 1942, and in the Jitokko by Shibuya in 1972.
He is currently held at Nieuw Vosseveld for suspected involvement in at least ten murders related to organised crime, as well as for his involvement in drug trafficking and the leading of a criminal organisation.
Until his late 2019 arrest in Dubai, Taghi was the most wanted criminal in the Netherlands with a record-breaking reward of €100,000.
Winchell Trail is a pedestrian-only trail in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, that runs along the west side of the Mississippi River between Franklin Avenue South and East 44th Street.
The trail is separate from the adjacent multi-use/bike path, taking hikers past sandy beaches, an oak savanna restoration project, and the floodplain forest.
There is also a signed entrance to the trail at East 36th Street with several paths down to the oak savanna site.
There are a few crescent-shaped parking lots long the trail route, two near East 36th Street and one near East 44th Street.
Many of the various access points have racks for bicycles, which are not permitted on Winchell Trail or other natural surface paths in the gorge.
The northern trailhead features a large boulder with a bronze tribute plague describing the scientific contributions of the trail’s namesake, Newton Horace Winchell.
Hajduk Spring in Minneapolis is a falling water source from the limestone bluff above the Mississippi River near East 26th Street.
Water quality experts do not consider the spring’s water to be drinkable because of the use of herbicides and fertilizers on nearby residential lawns.
At this location, Winchell Trail splits off, taking hikers either down by the river while another path crosses the hilly restoration site with remnant prairie and oak savanna.
The scattered oak trees are spread out enough that there is no closed canopy, giving way to prairie grasses, forbs, and clover lawn.
It was constructed between 1912 and 1914, and later improved by the Works Progress Administration between 1936 and 1938, which included construction of several stone walls and staircases.
The trail is named after Newton Horace Winchell, a Minnesota state geologist who surveyed the area of Minneapolis in the 1870s and published many works about measurement of the glacial age.
Running along the eastern edge of the greater Longfellow community of Minneapolis, the trail is part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area and Mississippi River Gorge Regional Park.
In 1998, the Longfellow neighborhood council, park board, and National Park Service formed a partnership to restore the native prairie and oak savanna at East 36th Street.
Since the early 2000s, there have been attempts by the city to clear woodlands along the bluff of invasive plant species such as buckthorn.
The park board may address inconsistent and worn railing/fencing, paved sections covered in soil and plant material, lack of natural surface trail alignment, and safety concerns.
There are a number of undefined, undesignated natural surface paths besides the Winchell Trail in the area, but these were created by park users and are not considered sustainable.
J. Charles Davey (September 19, 1869 – November 4, 1935) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who became the President of Saint Joseph's College in Philadelphia.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, he was educated at St. Francis Xavier College in New York City, before entering the Society of Jesus and studying at Woodstock College in Maryland.
He then taught at what later became known as Brooklyn Preparatory School and at Saint Joseph's College, before being appointed president of Saint Joseph's in 1914.
He remained for three years, and then became the dean of Gonzaga College High School in Washington, D.C. for ten years.
He studied at St. Francis Xavier College (later known as Xavier High School) in New York City, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in 1897 and a Master of Arts in 1906.
In 1908, he was ordained a priest, and he became the first dean and the vice president of Brooklyn College (later known as Brooklyn Preparatory School).
He then spent a year at the Jesuit novitiate of St. Andrew-on-Hudson in Poughkeepsie, New York, before returning to St. Joseph's College as dean and vice president.
When Saint Joseph's College relocated to its present location, he served as subdeacon in the solemn high mass, which was celebrated by Cardinal Dennis Joseph Dougherty, the Archbishop of Philadelphia, that followed the formal opening of the school on November 13, 1927.
IDB Bank (IDB) is an American multinational private bank, commercial bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City with locations in the United States, Latin America and Israel.
What is known today as IDB Bank first began in 1949 as a single representative office in New York City for Tel Aviv-based Discount Bank.
On April 4, 1962, former First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt officiated the opening of IDB's first-ever branch at 511 Fifth Avenue in Midtown, Manhattan.
In 1968, IDB acquired HIAS Immigrant Bank, a New York State licensed bank located at 425 Lafayette Street in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan.
Established in 1923 as a service of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, HIAS Immigrant Bank's sole purpose was to facilitate remittance or money transfers to and from immigrants’ families abroad, which was then a service not offered by most U.S. banks.
Though IDB's headquarters have long been located at 511 Fifth Avenue in Midtown, Manhattan, it will relocate just one block away to 43 West 42nd Street in 2021.
IDB will move into HBO's former headquarters in the W.R. Grace Building, where office furniture maker Humanscale and Italian spirits group Campari Americas are also headquartered.
Outside of New York, IDB has physical locations in New Jersey, Florida and California, as well as Chile, Uruguay and Israel.
The Church of St. Théodule (; ) is a Roman Catholic church located in Sion in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.
The vault of the choir (before 1502 – finished in 1514), symbolic of the Flamboyant Gothic style, was made by a builder from Valsesia who was identified with , perhaps erroneously.
A statue of Rubens, designed in 1840 and erected in 1843 by Willem Geefs, is in the center of the square.
At least since the 13th century, the south side of the Cathedral of Our Lady served as an Antwerp cemetery, for the poorer residents who could not afford to be buried in the church itself.
In 1805 it was solemnly inaugurated as Place Bonaparte (Bonaparte Square) in honor of Napoleon, and retained that name until 1815.
It was the intention of the French revolutionaries to place a memorial in the center of the square in honor of Freedom.
In 1797, during the disputes between the church and the municipal administration about the expropriation of the cemetery, the municipal officer François Roché was murdered in the cathedral.
Between 1819 and 1877 the Court of First Instance resided in the south of the Cathedral grounds, a site currently situated by the Post Office.
In 1885, in the building in which the current Hilton hotel is located, Frenchman Adolphe Kileman started a department store, named the Grand Bazar du Bon Marché.
Joe Wieskamp (born August 23, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Iowa Hawkeyes of the Big Ten Conference.
As a junior, Wieskamp averaged 30.4 points and 10.2 rebounds per game and was recognized as MAC Player of the Year.
As a senior, Wieskamp averaged a state-high 33.5 points and 13.5 rebounds per game, leading his team to its first state tournament in 16 years.
At the end of his high school career, he was considered a consensus four-star recruit and the best prospect in Iowa.
On January 20, 2019, Wieskamp went 8-for-8 from the floor and scored a season-high 24 points in a 95-71 win over Illinois.
Coming into his sophomore season, Wieskamp was named to the preseason All-Big Ten team and the watchlist for the Jerry West Award.
Hence many of Lizhuang's adults have migrated elsewhere for work, leaving a large number of left-behind children in the care of grandparents.
Remittances from migrant workers have enabled some residents to construct homes with modern building materials such as bricks, roofing tile and cement.
The Lecadres lived at Le Havre and had a country house, Le Coteau, in nearby Sainte-Adresse, in whose garden the painting was made during a short visit.
The style of the painting is quite composed and detailed, unlike the typically impressionist works for which Monet was later acclaimed.
Three principal objects, Jeanne-Marguerite, the central flowering rose bush in the bed of bright red flowers and the flowering bush on the right provide an ordered structure and Jeanne-Marguerite's bright white dress contrasts vividly with the reds, pinks and greens of the garden plants and trees.
Dorothy Looks for Love (French: Dorothée cherche l'amour) is a 1945 French drama film directed by Edmond T. Gréville and starring Suzy Carrier, Claude Dauphin and Jules Berry.
Of these, 77.1% spoke Russian, 9.8% Tatar, 7.4% Chuvash, 4.9% Mordvin, 0.2% Estonian, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Ukrainian, 0.1% Yiddish and 0.1% German as their native language.
An international co-production of the Philippines and the United States, the film stars John Carradine as a vampire named Richmond Reed, who recruits three female vampires who pose as prostitutes in order to lure victims to their lair.
Szolnoki won four medals at the World Pool Association world championship events, reaching the final of the under-16s eight-ball event in 2013, and the youth nine-ball event in 2019.
She tells him she mentioned him in town, and Bob knows he let his guard down around her when two men come visiting, but they offer him a job at the Springfield Mall as Santa Claus.
When the news is reported, Homer calls the cops to reveal that SB means Selma Bouvier and she is arrested, freeing the recently-held suspects Scott Bakula, Steve Ballmer, and Sandra Bullock.
Bart still suspects Bob, who agrees to help Bart find the culprit by concealing himself in a box which is placed on the porch.
The thief arrives and the family follows the van to a hangar, finding out Waylon Smithers and Mr. Burns were the culprits.
Mr. Burns tells the story of how as a child he was heartbroken one Christmas, when he asked Santa for just a hug and a smile from his parents and they never delivered, sending him to boarding school instead.
Back at the lighthouse, Cassandra brings Bob a Christmas present, a rake, and tells Bob that she knows who he is.
Burns asks him how he could be so positive about everything and asked if he could teach him how to do it.
When Burns tries to copy his motions, he hurts himself and has to be taken away in an ambulance, with Steve Ballmer going with him.
Of all the recurring, non-cast characters, Bob's the one most likely to brighten up my day/any episode, simply due to Kelsey Grammer's obvious joy in the villainous role.
The never-to-end saga of Robert Underdunk Terwilliger's bloodlust for the blood of one Bart Simpson stretches all the way back to The Simpsons' 12th-ever episode, and he's been swinging and whiffing hard for some 29 years at this point.
The first services were held in houses in the locality until the first chapel building was erected in 1859 with seating for 380 people.
The Moskalyev SAM-6 was an experimental design intended to test the suitability of monowheel undercarriages, lighter than conventional gear, on tailless aircraft.
The wooden SAM-6 had a conventional tail on its short fuselage but its low wing had, in addition, Scheibe-type, oval wingtip fins and rudders.
It was powered by a , three cylinder M-23 radial engine mounted in the pointed nose of its deep fuselage and had a single seat, open cockpit.
For its first flight, made in early 1934, the SAM-6 had a long, non-retracting central ski rather than a wheel, and tail ski rather than a skid, both mounted on vertical shock-absorbing struts.
No reports from tests with this landing gear are known but by late 1934 the SAM-6 had been modified into the more conventional SAM-6bis, which had two fixed, trousered mainwheels.
The film deals with the theme of diversity in a social context that does not accept the physical malformations of the human being and that, therefore, trigger serious mental illnesses in the subjects who are affected, negatively affecting the social sphere.
Richard Blanz with social problems finds comfort only from the mother who urges him not to close in the house and above all not to get caught.
In Richard, with age advancing, he hates all those who mock him and acts violently with a girl who is deformed, talking to her friend hinting at the hunchback.
Savon Pineda was born visually impaired but was unable to be officially diagnosed until he was more than a year old.
During the wait, his mother enrolled him in a sports area but was unable to enter the School of Sports Initiation due to his height.
Savon Pineda joined the Cuban national team in 2012, with whom he won the men's 100m and 200m T12 at the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships and the men’s 100m and 200m T12 at the 2015 Parapan American Games.
Following the Championship, Savon Pineda qualified for the 2016 Summer Paralympics, where he won two more gold medals in the men’s 100m T1 and 200m T12.
The following year, Savon Pineda took home another gold medal in the Men's 100m T12 at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships.
The 2019–20 Central Arkansas Sugar Bears basketball team represents the University of Central Arkansas during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Sugar Bears are led by eighth year head coach Sandra Rushing and play their home games at the Farris Center.
The event is traditional organization and the participation of Kosovo's publishers with common stand at the fair on the world renowned - Frankfurt Book Fair.
There is a fairly high number of books that are published mainly from Kosovan, Albanian, Macedonian and Montenegrins publishers and some foreign publishers (German, French, English etc.).
The Book Fair in Prishtina is one of the most significant events in Kosovo, and it is an important place where intellectuals and all other people promote the idea and the need on developing and affirming genuine values, as well as sound debates regarding books and writings.
Samir Ćeremida (born 6 November 1964) is a Bosnian guitarist who is a member of Bosnian pop rock band Plavi orkestar.
In the early 1980s, he performed with several local bands, such as Linija života, Posljednji autobus, and Elvis J. Kurtović & His Meteors.
In January 1983, they played at the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo together with Plavi orkestar and the Elvis J. Kurtović & His Meteors.
In 1996, Ćeremida accompanied Sejo Sexon and Elvis J. Kurtović, with whom he restarted band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s.
Charles Richard Gay (September 14, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
He was educated at Brooklyn Public School 35 before attending Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (today part of the New York University Tandon School of Engineering).
In 1919, he merged his firm (then known as Charles R. Gay & Co.) with Whitehouse & Co., was reportedly the oldest firm on the Exchange.
In 1935, when he was senior partner at Whitehouse & Co. (with offices on the 20th floor of 1 Wall Street), he was elected president of the Exchange, succeeding Richard Whitney.
He was president during a trying time for the Exchange and financial markets and often traveled to Washington, D.C. to meet with the Securities and Exchange Commission and to participate with Senate inquiries.
After his tenure as president of the Exchange, he became the head of Winthrop, Whitehouse & Co., a longtime securities firm established in 1828.
He was a trustee of the Brooklyn Methodist Hospital and St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church of Brooklyn and a member of the board of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the Flatbush Boys Club and the Y.M.C.A.
Joan L. Latchman is a seismologist from Trinidad and Tobago who was the first woman to lead the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre.
In 1972, shortly after completing her A-Levels, Latchman joined the University of the West Indies (UWI) Seismic Research Centre as a technician.
She worked with Frank Dale Morgan, a visiting academic from Massachusetts Institute of Technology who was working at the Seismic Research Centre.
Her early work considered the development of simple microprocessors that could convert the acoustic recordings of seismic events into digital signals that can be analysed on a computer.
Latchman called for local governments to include earthquake preparation in their policy work, including considering their infrastructure, medical equipment preparation and enforcement of building codes.
Mother Goose (foaled 1922 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was named the American Co-Champion Two-Year-Old Filly of 1924.
From the 128 runnings of the Belmont Futurity Stakes since its inception in 1888, through 2019 Mother Goose is one of only thirteen fillies to have ever won the event.
A Harry Whitney homebred, Mother Goose was a full brother to Whichone, himself an American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt who also won the Belmont Futurity in 1929.
Their sire was Chicle who was bred and foaled in France by their American owner due to the complete shutdown of horseracing in 1911 and 1912 in the State of New York as a result of the Legislature's passage of the Hart-Agnew Law.
Brought to the United States by owner/breeder Harry Whitney, Chicle would become the Leading sire in North America in 1929 and the Leading broodmare sire in North America in 1942.
Chicle was the son of Spearmint, winner of the Epsom Derby in England and the Grand Prix de Paris in France, both races the then most prestigious in their country.
Jockey Danny Maher, U. S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee and twice the British flat racing Champion Jockey was quoted as saying that Spearmint was the best horse he ever rode.
Chicle won the 1915 Champagne Stakes in fast time beating a field of six other runners including Friar Rock who in 1916 would be named American Horse of the Year.
Racing Hall of Fame inductee Broomstick who in turn was sired by Ben Brush, twice a U.S. National Champion runner and Leading Sire as well as a U.S.
Several times during 1924 Mother Goose would go head-to-head with her very good stablemate Maud Muller, a filly who was also bred and owned by Harry Whitney.
Mother Goose got her first career win on April 24, 1924 in a four and a half furlong event for two-year-old maiden fillies at Havre de Grace Racetrack.
Ridden by Linus McAtee she won by two lengths, easily defeating six other runners while breaking the track record by two-fifths of a second.
At Jamaica Race Course, Mother Goose ran third in the May 13 Rosedale Stakes under future Hall of Fame jockey Ivan Parke.
A rarity in racing, the winner Maud Miller, runner-up Swinging, and third place finisher Mother Goose all had the same owner and trainer.
On May 25, Mother Goose earned first place money of $4,925 for winning the five furlong Fashion Stakes at Belmont Park under jockey Jimmy Burke beating stablemate Maud Muller by 1½ lengths in a field of seven.
At Aqueduct Racetrack Mother Goose ran second to stablemate Maud Muller in the July 4 Astoria Stakes run at five furlongs.
For the huge field of twenty-nine juveniles competing in the September 14 Belmont Futurity Stakes it would be the most important event of their year and a race with a winner's share 13 times what Mother Goose had earned for her win in the Fashion Stakes.
Run at a distance of 6 furlongs, jockey Linus McAtee positioned the filly well and as they came into the homestretch Mother Goose was running second to J. Edwin Griffith's good colt Single Foot, a very good colt who had already won several top stakes on Maryland racetracks.
Taking the lead, Mother Goose held off a strong charge from Marshall Field's Pimlico Futurity winner Stimulus to take the $65,730 first place money by a head.
She was also nominated for the May 30 Kentucky Oaks, and for the Preakness Stakes which in 1925 would be run eight days prior to the Kentucky Derby.
While none of her progeny made an impact in racing, her daughter Arbitrator by Peace Chance was the dam of Almahmoud who was bred by Harry Whitney's son, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney.
The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1991 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Qualifying Round for spots in the 1991 World Group.
Tangzhai Village of Tangzhai Town is a town and village in Dangshan County, Anhui Province, China, which is known for its apple and pear orchards, and for online marketing of its fruit.
The 1947 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1947 college football season.
In their 25th season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled a 6–4–1 record (3–2–1 against conference opponents) and outscored all opponents by a total of 174 to 116.
Haitham Al-Khulaif (; born 24 January 1997) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi Second Division club Hajer.
The British were able to effect the release of their personnel by decoupling the hostage situation from broader political and economic issues through protracted negotiation.
In 2019 Australian Yang Hengjun's detention was also linked to a renewed effort at hostage diplomacy in response to the arrest of Meng Wanzhou.
The case of Andrew Brunson, an American pastor working in Turkey imprisoned in 2016, has been widely referred to as a case of diplomatic hostage taking.
North Korea has made wide use of hostage diplomacy as a tool against the USA, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia and various European nations.
In recent years it has been speculated that the regime of Kim Jong Un had evolved from using hostages to gain leverage to using hostages to gain leverage and as human shields to protect against a feared American intervention.
The case of Otto Warmbier, which ended in Warmbier’s death soon after his release, is a particularly well known example of North Korean hostage diplomacy.
David Andrew Welch (born 22 August 1960) is University Research Chair and Professor of Political Science at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo.
Previously he was also George Ignatieff Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies (2002-2007) and Dean's Distinguished Visiting Scholar, Endowed Chair Program in Japanese Politics and Global Affairs (2017-2018), University of Toronto; and CIGI Chair of Global Security, Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo (2009-2018); and Director of the Balsillie School of International Affairs (2010-2013).
David A. Welch was born in 1960 in Ithaca, New York and moved to Ottawa, Ontario in 1971, where he attended Ashbury College.
He studied International Relations and Philosophy at Trinity College, University of Toronto from 1979 to 1983, winning the Governor-General's Medal for highest overall standing, Trinity College (1983), the Ambassador Kenneth Taylor Award for highest standing in International Relations, University of Toronto (1983), and the George Kennedy Award for highest standing in Philosophy, University of Toronto (1983).
Welch subsequently conducted the first and only intensive studies of Argentine decision making in the Falklands War and Israeli decision making in the Gulf War.
Welch has taught at the University of Toronto from (1990 to 2009) and the Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo (2009 to present).
He made his international debut in 2015 with a silver and bronze medal at the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships, and later won a bronze and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Woodhall was born in Utah on February 17, 1999, with fibular hemimelia, which caused his parents to decide to amputate both his legs at 11 months old.
He competed in the 2016 Summer Paralympics where he won a bronze medal in the men's 400 meter and a silver medal in the men's 200-meter.
Upon graduating, Woodhall became the first double-amputee track and field athlete to earn a Division I athletic scholarship, which he accepted at the University of Arkansas.
By the conclusion of the season, he was nominated for NCAA Game Changer of the Year and named a First-Team All-America in the 4x400 Relay and Distance Medley Relay.
Lee earned his Bachelor of Arts from American University in 1982 and his Juris Doctor from Catholic University’s Columbus School of Law.
President Barack Obama nominated Lee on January 20, 2010, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Jerry Stewart Byrd.
Lucinda L. Combs-Stritmatter (October 10, 1849 – April 23, 1919) was an American physician who was the first female medical missionary to provide medical care in China and is credited with establishing the first women's hospital in what was then Peking (now Beijing).
Combs was a pioneer in women's medical care while serving the Women's Foreign Ministry Society's North China Mission for seven years.
She arrived in Peking in late August or early September, almost three months after her original departure and quickly began her work.
Although medical attention had arrived in Peking about ten years prior, through the London Missionary Society's appointment of William Lockhart, for the most part, medical services were not extended to women.
After writing a letter expressing her desire to open a hospital to serve native Chinese women, the Philadelphia branch of the WFMS congregated at the General Executive Committee meeting in May 1874.
During their meeting, they agreed to set aside a $2000 fund toward the establishment of a hospital for women and children in Peking.
Previously inhabited by multiple households, it is unclear whether the residents evacuated on their own volition or if they were pressured off the land by the WFMS.
The first patient treated in the Peking Woman's Hospital was a Chinese woman who had fallen and sustained a foot injury.
Founding the first women's hospital in China gave Combs a platform to advocate for medical training and education for women and for the improvement of sanitary and hygiene practiced in relevant medical facilities.
Although hesitant at first, the Chinese population in Peking soon came to appreciate the medical help provided by a female physician.
There, Combs took on the work of a physician and missionary, Miss Mason, who was leading the medical work in Kiukiang but had returned to the United States after becoming very ill. Combs treated countless patients in Kiukiang as well in addition to many cases in the outskirts of the city.
As her five-year contract with the WFMS came to a close, Combs and Stritmatter were married in Shanghai on November 19, 1877, by Bishop I. W. Wiley.
Although her marriage resulted in the end of her commission to the WFMS, Combs continued to practice medicine in her new location.
About two years after their relocation, Stritmatter contracted tuberculosis which led the couple to begin the journey back to the United States in October 1880.
After practicing medicine in Denver for six years, Combs moved to Columbus, Ohio to be close to her late husband's family and to spend the remainder of her days.
She died in her son's home on April 23, 1919 in Franklin County, Ohio at the age of 68 years old.
The connection between King and the powerful family of the Viceroy resulted in the funding and construction of a surgery unit and medical dispensary.
During her time at Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, she published a 22-page handwritten thesis on the study of medical hysteria.
The 1991 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 26 July - 3 August 1991 at the Leicester Velodrome.
The Flagellation of Christ is a panel painting by 13th-century Italian artist Cimabue, in egg tempera and gold leaf on a poplar panel, dated to c.1280.
It has been held by the Frick Collection in New York since 1950, and is the only painting by Cimabue in the US.
Previously, it had been owned by the antiques dealer M Rolla at the end of the 19th century, inherited by G Rolla, and then sold to the art dealer Eduardo Moratilla.
In the painting, Christ, naked but for a loincloth, is bound to a marble column that rises up the centre of the scene, dividing it into two halves.
Summerhayes had her first experience of medicine as an orderly at the Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont in 1917 during World War I.
This hospital, with entirely female doctors and other staff, worked close to the front line and was at one point overrun by fighting.
This was one of the first to provide midwife and later obstetric training in Africa and was very influential in the development of midwife and obstetric services in Ghana and wider West Africa.
At Korle-Bu she trained the country's first midwives, who subsequently went on to develop the profession in Ghana with Isabella Eyo, Adelaide Mallet, Comfort Addo, Grace Koi and Sarah Okine, then trained as nurses.
Summerhayes subsequently married the lead surgeon in Korle-Bu, Alexander MacRae, and due to the colonial regulations at the time as a married woman had to resign her post.
The 2019–20 New Orleans Privateers women's basketball team represents the University of New Orleans during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
After his father died from typhoid, and his mother from gastroenteritis, Frater and his three siblings were brought up by his paternal grandmother Ann and uncle Andrew who lived in neighbouring houses at West Ochiltree Farm.
Frater gained his Merit Certificate at Bridgend School, Auldhill Road, West Lothian in 1903, and attended Kingscavil Public School in 1904, then studied art at the Linlithgow Academy in 1905 before taking up a three-year apprenticeship in 1905 in the Oscar Paterson glass studio in Glasgow.
Frater won the Glasgow School of Art Haldane Scholarship for drawing in 1906 and studied in the craft and stained glass workshops.
His application to the National Gallery School of Art was rejected by Bernard Hall (1859–1935), and instead he found employment as overseer of stained-glass design at Brooks, Robinson & Co. Ltd on a five-year contract.
In July 1913 he returned to Melbourne and in 1915 married tailor Winifred (Winnie) Dow (1888-1974), who had modelled for him before his return to Scotland, and they took up residence in Alphington.
They had six children; a stillborn female (1915); Arthur, a manufacturer (1916-1998); John, a carpenter/builder (1920-2004); Barbara Dare, an actor and office worker (1924-2000); and twins, musician William (Bill) (1931-2009) and scientist Robin (1931-2014).
Frater resumed his earlier position with Brooks, Robinson, then was employed by E. L. Yencken & Co. Pty Ltd to design the west window of Wesley Church, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, which he regarded as his most significant design, and other commissions including windows of Kyabram Wesley Evangelical Methodist Church, St Stephen's Angligan Heritage Church, Wynyard, Tasmana and Birregurra Christ Church.
At Yencken he mentored teenage apprentice Alan Sumner for fifteen years, encouraging his painting ambitions, and made a lifelong friend in Arnold Shore, also a stained-glass designer, and they continued to paint and exhibit in their spare time.
Really I think it was through my arguing and discussing with Max that was the beginning of what they called modern art here.
Max was so dogmatic...and his conception of tone was just black and white really, and this idea of tone as colour, later in the early twenties, when I became aware of Cézanne, tone became not just light and shade, but tone values had colour values as well, so that was the great discovery, really, that I personally made...
His first solo exhibition was at the Athenaeum, Melbourne in May 1923, and he exhibited there with the Twenty Melbourne Painters from the late 1920s, and the Contemporary Group of Melbourne in the 1930s.
In a lecture he publicly challenged the anti-modernist stance that National Gallery School director Bernard Hall had expressed in his previous lecture.
...dogged and tenacious, strong in pride of race, reliant and confident in self, a hard man to talk down and a hard man to shake in his beliefs, which change and mature slowly.
A dogmatic man, if you like, but a purposeful one and, like Cézanne whom he acclaims, a rugged type with a scorn of frills and unmasculine prettiness—all of which may be discovered in his work.
In 1936 Frater visited a flat in South Yarra owned by well-to-do Lina Bryans (née Hallenstein in Germany) to advise her on stained-glass windows, and painted her portrait.
The artists' colony included Plante, Hallen, Ian Fairweather, Arnold Shore and other artists, and attracted a group of writers associated with the journal Meanjin.
In accordance with government war directives, the Yencken firm closed down the his department in 1940 and Frater retired from stained-glass designing and, subsisting on his teaching, devoted himself to landscapes.
He exhibited at the Contemporary Art Society, and in solo shows at Georges Gallery, Melbourne, and the Macquarie Galleries, Sydney, in 1946, expanding his subject matter with visits sponsored by the airline TAA to Central Australia in 1950 and Port Douglas in 1952.
He exhibited at Australian Galleries, Melbourne in 1958 and the Victorian Artists' Society in 1963, from which date he became president of the Society until 1972, exhibiting annually with them.
In 1967, in the midst of the Vietnam War Frater joined in solidarity a controversial pacifist exhibition of the Victorian Branch of the Contemporary Art Society at Melbourne's Argus Gallery, traveling to Adelaide under the aegis of the South Australian Campaign for Peace in Vietnam.
His work is represented in galleries and private collections throughout Australia as well as the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow.
Frater was not well known outside Victoria and his support and application of modernist principles in his art met often with uninterest or derision from Australia's mid-century conservative audiences.
To go, say, from Olsen to Frater is to return substantially to an illusion of the visible world, despite the fact that Frater’s ideas are leagues away from naturalism.
This is a huge exhibition, and the best of it is very attractive, especially the large airy landscapes and the nudes.
One of the most striking qualities of the painting is its spaciousness, largely effected by sure handling of light and sun-washed color.
Massively and simply composed, many of the paintings have an apparent breadth much greater than their real size.Frater's work was flown to Papua New Guinea for an exhibition in 1973 that was intended to reveal the influence of the country's indigenous art on modernist painters.
for his services to art, and died at his home at Alphington on 28 November that year and was buried in Arthurs Creek cemetery.
It is thought to have originally consisted of two panels, each with four scenes from the life and passion of Jesus.
Geoffrey Raymond Hill (born 31 August 1929) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Carlisle United.
Black and White (French: Le blanc et le noir) is a 1931 French comedy film directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey and starring Raimu, André Alerme and Louis Baron fils.
Haarr's first solo exhibition was in 1973 at the Oslo Art Association after exhibiting in an experimental textile biennial in Spain.. She went on to have solo exhibitions at the Asker museum, Tromsø Kunstforenin, Bodø Kunstforening, Ålesund Kunstforening, and Unge Kunstneres Samfunn.
Her work is included in the collections of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo, the National Museum of Decorative Arts, Trondheim and the Norwegian Crafts Foundation.
Mirko Srdić (born 26 February 1962), better known by his stage name Elvis J. Kurtović, is a Bosnian rock and roll musician, actor, comedian, and music editor.
He is the most notable as the bandleader and a co-founder of a Yugoslav punk rock band Elvis J. Kurtović & His Meteors.
Kurtović is born in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia (present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) where he finished elementary school and the 2nd Sarajevo Gymnasium.
In 1996, Kurtović accompanied Sejo Sexon, Predrag Bobić, and Samir Ćeramida, with whom he restarted band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s.
Reginald Owen Warner (1 March 1931–1996) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Mansfield Town.
Ojwok was the first deputy minister of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism when the post was created on August 26, 2011 after the independence of South Sudan on July 9, 2011.
In 1984, and for the next two years, she participated in the Acción cultural del ISSSTE program with a group of 36 poets who gave poetry talks in all Mexican states.
James Adam (born 22 April 1931) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Born in Ohio near the Ohio River, Grant grew up around horses, which he came to admire and love, possessing a naturally affinity and learning to ride, train and manage horses at an early age.
At age five he was noted for doing difficult stunts bareback and soon after was also performing responsible chores, hauling timber, and driving teams of horses for long distances by himself.
Horses played an important role throughout Grant's military career, carrying him with dispatches, going about inspecting and encouraging troops and taking him into battle, sometimes having his horse shot from underneath him.
During his lifetime he mostly owned and rode large and powerful horses that often could not be mounted by anyone else.
Noted for his love of and ability to ride and manage horses, Grant at times would receive as gifts the best horses available from friends and admirers.
Watching the horses in the ring, Ulysses asked his parents if he could sit atop one of the ponies and ride it, to which his parents acquiesced.
It was a happy event for the boy as he rode around the ring shrieking with laughter, not wanting to get off.
When Grant was little more than a toddler he was often found out by his father's shop with the teams of horses, restlessly crawling and playing about their legs and swinging from their tails.
The young Grant was always on hand and eager for any work which involved riding a horse or driving a team of horses.
Riding at a fast pace, he would stand on one leg while holding the reins, maintaining his balance as the horse galloped about–a feat that amazed his onlookers.
At age seven, while his father was away for the day, young Grant harnessed a restless three-year old colt, which had never been broken except to the saddle, to a sleigh, and drove the young horse about, hauling loads of brushwood throughout the day.
When Grant was eleven he established a reputation among his peers and neighbors by riding a trick pony belonging to the circus that came to town.
He mounted the restless animal, having no reins and its mane cut short, and wrapped his arms firmly around its neck.
After a frantic effort to buck him off, the pony finally abated where Ulysses, rode the pony around the ring for a couple of minutes, earning himself a rounding applause from the spectators and the five-dollar prize promised to anyone who could stay with the pony.
As a tanner and leather goods merchant, horses to him were simply beasts of burden and a potential source for hides.
He was able to size up any horse he was working with, and possessed a temperament of his own that allowed him to best employ any given horse.
At ten Ulysses would drive a pair of horses, by himself, from his home in Georgetown to Cincinnati, forty miles away, bringing home a load of passengers.
His father did not insist on his working about the barkmill, provided there was other available work and often entrusted Ulysses with a team of horses on his own.
At age twelve, Grant's father sent him into the forest with a team of horses and a wagon to pick up a load of timber.
The men at the lumber camp were supposed to load the wagon, but were nowhere to be found when Ulysses arrived.
Not wanting to go back empty handed, Ulysses devised a method by hitching the logs and pulling them aboard the wagon one at a time by use of the horses.
After securing the load, Ulysses hitched up the team back to the wagon and returned home, much to the amazement of his father.
Upon crossing, he suddenly found the water to be so deep that the horses were almost swimming, while the water was up to the deck level of the wagon.
Grant gained a reputation for excellent horsemanship during his military career, and subsequently would sometimes receive horses as gifts from admirers.
During the American Civil War Grant owned several horses, riding them on scouting missions, while inspecting the troops and formations, and during battle.
Nor does it make any difference to him whether he has daylight for his movements, for he will ride from breakfast until two o'clock in the morning, and that too without eating.
After being accepted, he made his way across Pennsylvania to New York City and traveled up the Hudson River to West Point, arriving there and signing the register on May 29.
Among the horses at the academy was a dark bay horse that was so untamable that it was about to be condemned.
Every day he would devote time to it, bridling, mounting and riding it about with ease, while the entire class would watch and admire in amazement his excellent command of this horse.
In June 1843 the cadets assembled in the riding hall during their final graduating exercises, where all members performed their riding exercises before the Superintendent, Richard Delafield, and a large assembly of spectators.
Grant moved to the far end of the hall, and as he turned his mount towards the bar silence fell over the crowd.
General Rufus Ingalls later recalled that when an unruly or stubborn horse was added to the string of academy horses Grant was always called upon to subdue it.
After graduation, Grant naturally requested service in the cavalry, but despite his excellent horsemanship, there was no opening available and instead was assigned to the 4th Infantry Regiment, his second choice.
During the Mexican-American War Grant expressed his amazement of the great herds of wild mustangs roaming between the Nueces and Rio Grande rivers, moving about like buffalo in a continuous mass.
Grant estimated that to corral a herd of this size, an area the size of the state of Delaware would be required.
Because of his organizational skills and ability with horses and managing teams of horses, he was put in charge of the mule teams used by the Army.
Longing to participate in battle and share in its dangers, Grant found such an assignment beneath his ability and respectfully submitted a protest to this effect to his colonel, which was denied.
For every eight soldiers there was one pack mule where Grant would have to inspect and manage up to fifty mules, along with five mule wagon teams.
To assist in this huge task and responsibility Grant would hire local Mexican mule handlers, who were more familiar with handling Mexican mules, different in their habits from those bred in America, that the Army had purchased while in Mexico.
When a volunteer was needed to carry an important dispatch for reinforcements, Grant came forward and demonstrated his equestrian ability at the Battle of Monterrey by carrying the dispatch past snipers while hanging off the side of his horse at a fast gallop, keeping the animal between him and potential fire.
Before leaving the city he stopped at a house in American hands and assured some wounded Americans, he would send for help.
With his home next to the shop Grant had no need for a horse, and did not own one at the time.
During the war Grant owned and rode more than ten different horses, including Cincinnati, Claybank, Egypt, Fox, Jack, Jeff Davis, Kangaroo, Little Reb, Methuselah and Rodney.
Grant was appointed colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry on June 14, 1861, at which time he purchased a horse while still in Galena.
It was a strong horse, but while Grant was leading his regiment from Springfield, Illinois, to Missouri the mount proved to be unfit for military duty.
While encamped on the Illinois River for a few days a local farmer brought in a cream colored stallion of considerable value.
This was the horse that carried Grant away from Admiral Foote's riverboat the night before the attack on Fort Donelson; the same horse that endured difficult scouting missions in the Tennessee mud before and during the Battle of Shiloh.
After Chattanooga Grant was called away and retired the horse to his business advisor, J.R. Jones in Northern Illinois, for his personal use.
During this time Grant purchased a second horse, called Fox, a powerful and spirited animal with exceptional endurance, which he also rode during the siege and battles around Fort Donelson and also at Shiloh.
Soon after he purchased a pony for his son, Frederick Grant who was with him at the time, along with another horse for field service for himself.
At the Battle of Belmont, Grant's first battle in the Civil War, his horse was killed under him where he was compelled to use his son's pony.
This horse proved to be unfit for battle, so he turned it over to Captain William S. Hillyer, his aide, when he offered Grant his horse.
The Union advance had scattered the Confederates away from Camp Johnston, but the Confederates soon regrouped and began to surround the Union troops.
Cincinnati was a bay, said to have been high and was a son of Lexington, a horse owned by William Tecumseh Sherman, considered to be the fastest thoroughbred in the United States at that time.
In October, 1862, a month before the siege of Vicksburg got underway, Grant sent his horse Jack to Illinois for a month's rest.
He rode it instead of Cincinnati when there was long journeys to be made, because of its surefootedness and ability to stay fresh.
He was later put upon a steamer and taken back up the Mississippi to Vicksburg where it was some time before he was able to move about on his own.
In December 1863 while still in Chattanooga, Grant was given a fine Kentucky thoroughbred as a gift by the citizens of Egypt, Illinois, organized by Orval Pool, who all knew Grant was in need of a new horse when he had retired Jack, his previous horse.
The horse proved invaluable in the months to come, as Grant traveled over the Cumberland Mountains in January, covered with snow and ice, and was used throughout the Overland Campaign in Virginia.
Grant, having farmed with horses and knowing many of the Confederate officers were small farmers, allowed them to return home with their horses, swords, and their honor.
When Grant became president in 1869, three of his horses, Cincinnati, Jeff Davis and Egypt were brought to the White House stables.
According to Albert Hawkins, the stable master at the capitol at that time, Grant, during his second term, arranged for a statue of him mounted on Cincinnati.
For almost a month the General would have the bridle and saddle put on Cincinnati and ride out to meet the sculptor daily.
Hawkins also noted that Grant's other horse, Jeff Davis, was a kicker and had the habit of biting when the stable hands got close to him.
The horse would lay his ears back and move about restlessly until Grant approached him, calming the animal with a few simple pats on the back.
Grant, refusing an offer of $10,000 for Cincinnati, brought the horse with him when he became president and moved to Washington DC.
Nearly all depictions of Grant on horseback in drawings, granite, and bronze, are astride Cincinnati including the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial, in Washington, D.C.
Grant would not race his horses, never attended such events, and thought the practice of horse racing for amusement was cruel to the animal.
Impressed by Grant's praise for the stallions, the Sultan allowed him to pick out any two he desired and take them home.
Grant was conducting an honorary review of the Bersaglieri, the pride of the Italian Army and well known for their horsemanship.
At the time Alfred M. Fuller, an ex-Union Captain in the cavalry during the Civil War happened to be visiting there also.
He was well familiar with Grant's horsemanship, which Fuller enthusiastically brought to the attention of the Bersaglieri officers who were accompanying the Grant party.
Grant approached the young and untamable horse that never had been ridden, with astonishment and admiration, while some of the young officers smiled as if they were intentionally setting up Grant with a horse they assumed would throw him off in short order.
The horse immediately made several attempts to throw him off, and then, unpredictably, gently trotted forward knowing that it had met its master, at which time Grant received a spontaneous applause.
After his prolonged ordeal with throat cancer, while writing his memoirs, Ulysses S. Grant, on July 23, 1885, finally died at the age of 63.
On August 8 his coffin was placed on a catafalque draped in black with plumes at each corner where twenty-four black stallions, arranged in twelve pairs, pulled Grant's hearse along Broadway, with twenty generals led by General Winfield Hancock, astride a black stallion, led the entourage and team of horses.
Miguel Ángel Nazarit Mina (born May 20, 1997) is a Colombian soccer player who currently plays for Nashville SC in MLS.
During his three-year tenure with the club, they played in the Colombian Categoria Primera A, the top tier of football in Colombia.
The Pavilion Theatre was founded in 1903, under the name of the Pavilion & Gardens Kingstown Ltd., with a stage measuring 83 × 24 feet (25 × 7 m).
In the 1980s, Planxty recorded two programmes for RTÉ at the Pavilion, and acts such as De Dannan, The Dubliners and the Dublin Ballet Company also performed at the venue.
The Pavilion was closed in 1984 as a result of the enforcement of new fire regulations introduced with the Fire Acts of 1981 and 1982, and reopened in 2001 as a new 324-seat building.
William White (25 September 1932–2015) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Accrington Stanley, Derby County and Mansfield Town.
He founded the American Reds and then changed their name to the American Fascists when fascism was rising, and also founded the Crusader White Shirts, an organization that allied itself with fascist organizations.
He defended the Nazi Oscar C. Pfaus, and the American Jewish press spoke of him in the same breath as American anti-Semites; but the journalist John Roy Carlson, who spent years under cover in the American right, wrote that Christians was anti-Catholic but not anti-Semitic.
He was arrested in 1942, after the United States entered World War II, and charged with sending seditious material to officers of the U.S. Army.
He was convicted in the first trial of its kind during the war and sentenced to five years in jail with a recommendation by the judge that he not be released until after the war was over.
George Christians was born in Eldred, New York, on 5 August 1888, to a Dutch father and a mother from New York.
His draft documents recorded his occupation as construction manager and that he had served as private in the field artillery of the National Guard in New York.
However, the 1930 census does not record him as having served in World War I, and he later declined to say where he was during the conflict.
Christians was the owner of the American Asphalt Grouting Company, a firm that owned a process that stopped dams from leaking.
He made a fortune from the business but lost about $200,000 in the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and in 1930 was working as an electrical engineer.
Having inspected the records, however, McGrady could find no evidence of any subscriptions or that any meetings of the organization had been held.
He described his politics as neither Communist nor Fascist, and deliberately adopted apparently conflicting names and positions in accordance with his belief that a revolutionary leader should promise support to all interests in private and adopt any cause in public that would draw supporters and publicity without accruing too much opposition.
He claimed to have started strikes to obtain publicity and to be preparing to send armed men to settle them to gain more.
In 1936 he founded the Crusaders for Economic Liberty in Chicago with the American fascist and anti-Semite Lois de Lafayette Washburn.
He posed for photographs with a form of crusader's cross or cross potent on a white shirt and a gun in his belt.
In November 1938, he figured in the proceedings of the House Special Committee on Un-American Activities of the United States Congress which noted the large number of organizations with which he was associated or had founded.
These included the American Reds and the American Fascists, the Liberty Party, the Crusaders for American Liberty, the Crusader White Shirts, and the Fifty Million Club for Economic Liberty.
The idea gained traction in the press and in Washington after William A. Wirt, an opponent of Roosevelt's New Deal who was at Warm Springs at the same time as Christians, alleged that there were communists in the American government who were seeking to undermine the Roosevelt administration and the New Deal, allegations that led to the Bulwinkle investigation in the United States House of Representatives in 1934.
He explained that the plan did not go ahead because by the time the President did visit in November, conditions were less suitable for a revolution.
He is a clever fellow with a fine appreciation of the limits of our broad liberties of speech and action which he strains in promoting his personality and an economic scheme which, if effective, is enough to surrender the rights and properties of the people into the hands of whoever may be strong enough to grasp control of a despairing nation.
Despite his intelligence, McGrady identified in Christians a deep ignorance of the principles of Fascism and of its practice in Germany and Italy, fostered, he thought, by the narrow sources on which Christians was able to draw in Chattanooga in understanding World affairs.
In March 1942, after the United States had joined the war, Christians was arrested under the Smith Act which aimed to counter sedition.
He was only the second person to be charged under the act, after Rudolph Fahl of Denver who was arrested simultaneously.
It was alleged that Christians had sent communications to the officers of Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, and Camp Forrest, Tennessee, that might demoralize the army.
Christians was convicted in June in the first trial of its kind during the war and sentenced to five years imprisonment.
Of his economic theories, he said that he had brought them to the attention of the American people and it was up to them what they did with them.
En Busca del Amor is the fourteenth studio album by Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres, released on April 30, 1996 through EMI Latin.
She then went to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for her graduate degree in cognitive science and neuroscience, receiving her Ph.D in 2007.
, Fedorenko is an associate professor and laboratory head in the Brain and Cognitive Sciences department at MIT, and an associate member of MIT's McGovern Institute for Brain Research, as well as an associate researcher at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Her goal is to try to provide a representation of our brain regions and to study individuals who have healthy brain regions and who have brain disorders.
In 2007, she received the Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00 career development award) from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).
Laia Aleixandri López (born 25 August 2000) is a Spanish footballer who plays as defender for Primera División club Atlético Madrid and the Spain women's national team.
He was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1874 to 1892, representing the electorates of Kyneton Boroughs (1874-1889) and Electoral district of Kyneton (1889-1892).
Young was born at Belfast in Ireland and was educated at Belfast Academy before becoming a sea captain, in which capacity he imported provisions into Ireland from France during the Great Famine.
Young helped establish the Lauriston and Edgecombe Road Board in 1856, became a member of the board in 1858, and later served as chairman in the early 1860s.
He was a strong opponent of the radical Graham Berry and when Berry was ousted by Bryan O'Loghlen in 1881, was promoted to the ministry, initially as acting Minister for Mines and Agriculture and Water Supply, and then in August that year as Commissioner for Public Works and Minister for Agriculture, serving until the ministry's defeat in March 1883.
Leslie Shaw performed the song on several television shows in Perú and also toured thoughout Latin America to promote the song.
The video was features Shaw hanging out with her friends talking about an ex and then leaving to have a girls night out.
Gregor Glas (born 29 April 2001) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for Dynamic VIP PAY of the Serbian League and the ABA League Second Division.
Glas made his debut for the Slovenian national team on September 14, 2018, at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification game against Latvia national team.
Ricky Brabec (born 21 April 1991) is an American rally raid biker who in 2020 became the first American winner of the Dakar Rally.
In 2018, he was running in 6th place when he was forced to retire, the second DNF he suffered in his career.
In 1898 he became a staff officer on the 1st Engineering-Commandement in Utrecht, later moving to Breda where he was promoted to lieutenant and in 1905 to captain.
In 1907 he was made commander of a regiment and in 1908 he got the ancillary position of commanding the Air Force of his regiment and the ballons used for artillery practice.
Deputy chief of the general staff Cornelis Snijders requested him to specialize in military aviation, in 1909 this was made his fulltime job.
He studied the organization of the balloon force, read modern aviation literature and studied abroad, attaining his brevet as balloon commandant in Germany and his pilots license in France.
As he was to be replaced as leader of the Aviation Branch he he left the army in 1919 and joined the Air Transport Service of the Netherlands-English Technical Trading Society In 1922 Walaardt Sacré founded N.V. Nationale Vliegtuig-Industrie in order to break up the monopoly of Anton Fokker but by 1926 the firm was closed.
His next project was setting up a commercial flight rout between the Americas and the Netherlands, after the Hindenburg Disaster these plans were permanently shelved.
He was also a member of the State Commission on Aviation, an advisory body of the Dutch government, from 1919 to 1930.
Just 4 years later, she was the World Champion, beating British journalist and three-time World Champion Sally Jones in 1989 in Philadelphia.
Lumley secured a streak of impressive victories between 1989 and 2004, including securing 6 out of 8 World Championship titles (singles) (1989, 1991, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2003).
In that same period she played in every World Championship doubles final, winning 6 times (1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001 and 2003) with various partners including Evelyn David, Jo Wood Iddles, Sue Haswell and Fiona Deuchar.
Penny was the British Open singles champion 12 times between 1989 and 2004, including an unbeaten run of 8 victories from 1995 to 2002.
She was also successful abroad, winning the US Open (both singles and doubles) 6 times, the French Open singles 7 times and the doubles 10 times, and the Australian Open singles 3 times.
In 1996–97 she won the Grand Slam, taking the British, French, American and Australian Opens as well as the World singles and doubles titles.
Lumley was the first female recipient of the Baerlein Cup bestowed by the Tennis and Rackets Association for the best tennis performance by an amateur.
She was also the first woman to receive the Greenwood Trophy in 1989 for the most improved tennis player of the year.
In 1999, her achievements in tennis and her 7 French Open singles titles were acknowledged with a Medal of the French Republic.
In 2000 she won the Unsung Hero/Heroine category and the overall Grand Prix Prize at the Best of British Awards for Great Sporting Achievement.
In 2011 Penny was inducted into the International Hall of Fame of the US Court Tennis Association, only the second lady ever to receive this award.
Ona Batlle Pascual (born 10 June 1999) is a Spanish footballer who plays as defender for Primera División club Levante UD and the Spain women's national team.
The film stars Glen Gould as Maytag, a Mi'kmaq man dealing with the emotional fallout of a love triangle, when his girlfriend Myriam (Kaniehtiio Horn) runs off with his friend and drug dealer Jackson (Kent McQuaid).
It was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2007, and was a finalist for Best Aboriginal Film at the 2008 Yorkton Film Festival.
In the episode, Elliot (Rami Malek) and Darlene Alderson (Carly Chaikin) execute a heist hack at a server farm on Christmas Day.
Elliot and Darlene, posing as an employee, break into Virtual Realty, the company that keeps the servers for Cyprus National Bank.
Elliot installs a firmware hack that gives them 40 minutes to get the information they need while temporarily disabling the security cameras.
Darlene is able to walk out, now posing as a gym attendee, and pick up Elliot after he is hit by a car and leaps over a guard rail.
Price follows clues to the location of the Deus Group meeting that night; and replies that it'll happen with or without Tyrell.
Series creator Sam Esmail and the show had become known for its defiance of the television format, such as a one-take episode and another with an opening sitcom sequence.
They knew the plot would center on hacking Virtual Realty and as they worked through the story, realized that Elliot and Darlene would have a coldness between each other, both for the need to be silent and because Darlene would still be mad at Elliot from a prior fight.
Each of the subordinate storylines was foreboding, with the viewer left in suspense while knowing what would become of Dom's red light hack and Vera's minions stalking Krista.
Esmail saw this ability to make a stylistic format choice as one of the perks of working in television over feature film, the originally intended format of the show, as the stylistic choice can last for an individual episodic chapter.
The silent treatment conceit, Esmail added, additionally expressed isolation as a result of technology, a core theme of the show, with the characters texting rather than talking.
Robot did not appear either for dialogue or to present Elliot with a way out, but Elliot's jumping from the cliff to meet Darlene did mirror how he thought Mr.
Mónica (Ana Patricia Rojo), her sister is very ambitious and her desire is to leave the humble neighborhood where they live and marry a millionaire.
María Emilia gets another job to be able to earn more money as a teacher for Francisco's youngest daughter, there she will meet Alejandro (Juan Soler), also Francisco's son.
María Emilia falls in love with Alejandro, and he who has no interest in falling in love only plays with her, but little by little he will begin to feel attraction for her.
Marta Cardona de Miguel (born 26 May 1995) is a Spanish footballer who plays as midfielder for Primera División club Real Sociedad and the Spain women's national team.
She left the team of her city in 2018 for signing with Levante, where she rested one season before agreeing terms with Real Sociedad.
Cardona made her senior debut for Spain on 4 October 2019 in a UEFA Women's Euro 2021 qualifying Group D match against Azerbaijan.
Tom Corwin was settled as a company town for the Tom Corwin Coal Company, which operated multiple mines in the area and shipped the coal out by means of the nearby Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton (CH&D) Railway.
In December 2015, Thorcon signed a memorandum of understanding with three Indonesian companies to develop its molten salt reactor technology in Indonesia.
In April 2018, the United States Department of Energy awarded Thorcon $400,000 as a GAIN research project to be conducted jointly by ThorCon USA Inc and Argonne National Laboratory.
In July 2019, Thorcon signed a deal with PAL Indonesia to study and build a 500MWe reactor, with plans to invest $1.2 billion to build a full plant in Indonesia, following the completion of the feasibility study.
The Jacques-Cartier North-West River is a watercourse tributary of Jacques-Cartier River, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest river (except the rapids) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest river draws its source at Brassoit Lake (length: ; altitude: , located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
From the confluence of the Jacques-Cartier North-West river, the current flows for towards the south by the course of the Jacques-Cartier River to the north shore.
This toponym appears on a regional map of 1943, evoking the memory of Jacques Cartier (1491-1557), navigator and explorer born in Saint-Malo in France.
Verrazzano's probable companion in South America, in 1524 and 1528, Cartier ventured to the New World in 1534, commissioned by François I to find gold and a passage to Asia.
He settled on the left bank, at the mouth of the Cap Rouge river, where he built two forts communicating with each other, one at the bottom of the promontory, the other above.
Jacques Cartier left the colony in early June 1542, while Roberval had been on his way to Canada since the middle of April.
Invited by Roberval to follow him to Cap-Rouge, Cartier abandoned him and left Newfoundland during the night of June 18 to 19.
The 2005 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour.
Gubbins made his professional debut with Queens Park Rangers in a 5-1 FA Cup win over Swansea City on 5 January 2019.
Line 1 of the system is expected to have 19 stations on a 22.86 kilometre long line running from the in Honghuagang District to Xinpudong station in the Xinpu New District.
Line 2 of the system is expected to be 27 kilometres long with 22 stations running from in the Huichuan District to Nanbai Secondary School in the Bozhou District.
She was top goal scorer of the tournament and her performance led to her being named player of the tournament and helped her team defend the championship.
He was as an architect mainly active in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, designing many residential buildings during the population boom of the late 19th century.
Møller was born on 6 December 1844 in Hørsholm, the son of merchant and later innkeeper Jacob M.øller(1803-57) and Mariane Cathrine Schaltz (c. 1808-49).
His mother died when he was five years old and his father was subsequently married a second time to Ernestine Wilhelmine Wegner in 1852.
He was in spite of his lack of formal education at the Art Academy responsible for the design of an extensive number of residential buildings, particularly in Vesterbro but also in other emerging district.
Møller's work as an architect brought him into contact with land owners and though them the Østifternes Kreditforening (Islands' Credit Union) with whom he soon started a more formalized collaboration.
His first wife was Emilie Christine Marie Witt (22 June 1846 - 9 October 1894) a daughter of steward Hans Thomas Frederik Witt (1818-1910) and Sophie Louise Andersen (1818-53).
His second wife was Sophie Cathinka Wilhelmine Knuppert (23 July 1854 - død 6 December 1938), a daughter of credit union managing director Frederik Louis Carl K. (1827-84) and Marie Elisabeth Jørgensen (1827-84).
He was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1898 and was awarded the Cross of Honour in 1914.
Hargrove began coaching the women's basketball team at Cowley College from 1972 to 1989 before coaching the Wichita State Shockers women's basketball team from 1989 to 1998.
In 1998, Hargrove went to the American Basketball League to coach the Colorado Xplosion for a year until the league closed.
From 2000 to 2002, Hargrove had 37 wins and 59 losses as the head coach and general manager of the Portland Fire.
After the Fire disbanded in 2002, Hargrove remained in the Women's National Basketball Association when she joined the Washington Mystics in 2003.
Apart from the WNBA, Hargrove was an assistant coach for the United States women's national basketball team that won a medal at the 1990 FIBA World Championship for Women and 1992 Summer Olympics.
For the first fifteen years of her position, Hargrove was also Crowley's volleyball team, where she had 305 wins, 114 losses and 8 ties.
Other Cowley sports teams that Hargrove coached for during the 1970s were the track and field team for five years and the softball team for two years.
In 1998, Hargrove became the head coach of the Colorado Xplosion and held the position until the American Basketball League closed that same year.
While working in house renovations, Hargrove returned to basketball in 2017 after becoming an interim head coach for the Wichita State women's basketball team.
Outside of college sports, Hargrove was an assistant coach for the United States women's national basketball team between 1989 to 1992.
During this time period, Hargrove was part of the team that won gold at the 1990 FIBA World Championship for Women and bronze at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Clarissa Rile Hayward is an American political scientist and political philosopher, currently a professor in political science at Washington University in St. Louis with affiliations in American culture studies, urban studies, and philosophy.
Hayward studies the theory of political power, how political phenomena relate to theories of identity, and urban politics in the United States.
Hayward obtained a BA in politics from Princeton University in 1988, both an MA and an MPhil from Yale University in 1994, and a PhD from Yale University in 1998.
In 1999, she became a professor at the Ohio State University, before moving to Washington University in St. Louis in 2007.
Instead, Hayward builds on the post-structuralist work of Michel Foucault to argue that social power should be understood as a set or network of boundaries -- consisting of patterns like laws, norms, and institutions -- which can either constrain or enable action.
The book is partly motivated by a paradox in American racial inequality: how to reconcile the empirical reality of racial inequality with the pervasive norms against racism, and more broadly how to explain the tangible material consequences of identities if we understand identities only as cultural narratives that people associate themselves with.
Hayward uses the case of residential real estate to illustrate how apparently non-political motivations for this ubiquitous behavior, such as a desire for comfort and security, have origins in stories about racial identity that American culture has historically relied on to ensure that racial categories have material consequences, through tools like neighborhood segregation and the development of exclusive suburbs.
These ideas, which have shaped peoples' relationships to physical space, were explicitly rationalized by politicians and developers as those spaces were being developed, and these rationalizations were based on racial identities.
Hayward is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
Hayward has written several news articles about contemporary American politics in venues like the Washington Post, Jacobin, and The St. Louis American, and has been quoted as an expert in venues like Time.
Since his appointment to Albania he has engaged in activities such as celebrating the birthday of Queen Elizabeth II in Tirana and attending an event focusing on Albanian reforms of higher education.
In 2018, he attended a ceremony in Tirana to lay to rest 7 British airmen who fatally crashed in Albania during the Second World War.
As a fine art painter, McElmurray initially worked in editorial illustration and later became known for her landscape paintings of New Mexico.
McElmurray was born in Los Angeles, California and moved to Taos, New Mexico with her family as a child, where they stayed for six years.
She came from a family of artists, including her father, a character designer for film companies including Walt Disney; her mother, a fashion illustrator; and her grandfather, an RKO Pictures scenic painter.
McElmurray lived with her husband in Taos and in Good Dog Island, Minnesota until her death from breast cancer on August 3, 2017.
Dalling made his professional debut with Queens Park Rangers in a 5-1 FA Cup win over Swansea City on 5 January 2019.
This is a list of international trips made by Ludwig Erhard, the 2nd Chancellor of Germany, during his tenure from 17 October 1963 to 30 November 1966.
The Laird B-4, aka Laird 1915 biplane, was the fourth aircraft built by Matty Laird in the United States of America.
It was an excellent aerobatic aircraft and was used very effectively in performances by Laird, as well as by Katherine Stinson during her tour of Japan and China.
During the period when Matty Laird was performing as a barnstorming pilot, he designed this as an aerobatic aircraft for his own use.
The aircraft’s power and structural strength made it excellent for aerobatics, and Laird’s flying skill enabled him to take advantage of the aircraft’s characteristics and to perform several challenging maneuvers.
For instance, he performed the loop-the-loop, which only a few American pilots could perform prior to World War I. Laird’s performances in the aircraft generated significant public awareness of him and the aircraft.
The Apostolic Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula, originally the Apostolic Delegation to the Red Sea Region, represents the interests of the Holy See to officials of the Catholic Church, civil society, and government offices to several nations in the region.
The Holy See and the governments of those countries have not established diplomatic relations and the position of Apostolic Delegate is not a diplomatic one, though the Delegate is a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
Pope Paul VI established the Delegation to the Red Sea Region seated in Khartoum, Sudan, on 3 July 1969, with responsibility for Sudan, Somalia, the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (present-day Djibouti), and the Arabian peninsula.
With the creation of the Nunciature to Sudan in 1972, the same prelate held both titles until the Secretariat of State made more general changes in 1992.
Pope John Paul II created two separate Apostolic Delegations to Djibouti and to Somalia and renamed the Delegation to the Red Sea Region the Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula, now based in Kuwait City, on 26 March 1992, detailing its responsibilities as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen.
With the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Yemen (1998), Bahrain (2000), Qatar (2002), and United Arab Emirates (2007), the Delegation to the Arabian Sea remains responsible for Oman and Saudi Arabia.
Johann Heinrich von Anethan (1618–1693) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Cologne (1680–1693), Auxiliary Bishop of Trier (1676–1680), and Auxiliary Bishop of Hildesheim (1665–1676).
The Administrator's House is a heritage-listed former official residence and now museum located 1.5km south-west of Flying Fish Cove in the Australian territory of Christmas Island.
The Administrator's House is a substantial, two storey residence, with a semi-detached service and servants wing, surrounded by a well developed garden.
The residence is sited in a prominent location looking across Flying Fish Cove and can be seen from various vantage points on the higher terraces.
In 1965 the ground floor exterior doorways which had timber arches and lattice work infill were altered, the arches were bricked and the lattice work replaced by glass with etched patterns resembling the earlier lattice work.
Immediately to the north of the Administrator's House stand a number of ammunition bunkers and a gun emplacement which still contains a 6inch naval gun.
The gun emplacement was built before World War Two for the installation of the 6inch naval gun and a detachment of troops was stationed there.
In March 1942 the detachment mutinied on the eve of the Japanese occupation of the island and several officers were killed.
The wider house precinct, including the former ammunition bunkers, gun emplacement and observation post and ranging station just to the north of the house, are also included in the heritage listing.
The gun emplacement complex is intact despite the post war conversion of the ammunition bunkers to provide servants' quarters and other support functions for the Administrator's House.
The Administrator's House is a historic reminder and symbol of colonial rule of Christmas Island, when it was incorporated into the Straits Settlement of Singapore and has been the focus for official duties and functions.
The imposing scale of the residence and its location in a prominent position looking across Flying Fish Cove emphasises the previous social importance of the Administrator and provides an important visual focal point from several other parts of the settlement.
The gun emplacement and ammunition bunkers have historical significance as a reminder of earlier military threats to the Island and through their direct association with the 1942 mutiny and the subsequent Japanese invasion of the Island.
The Crusade of 1267 was a military expedition from the Upper Rhenish regions of the Holy Roman Empire for the defence of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
It was one of several minor crusades of the 1260s that resulted from a period of Papally-sponsored crusade preaching of unprecedented intensity.
Several hundred crusaders and pilgrims did reach the Kingdom of Jerusalem under the leadership of two ministerials, but they probably waited in vain for the arrival of the Eighth Crusade without undertaking major military actions.
Although a late source with a confused chronology, Wurstisen is generally reliable and his chronology can be corrected by other sources.
The preaching of the new crusade was entrusted to the German bishops and to the Dominican and Franciscan friars in January 1266.
In the year of our Lord 1266, Pope Clement sent out letters throughout the kingdom of Germany commanding the Dominicans and Franciscans to preach the cross faithfully and urgently against the Sultan of Babylon, who is the Pharaoh of Egypt, and against the Saracens overseas, so that the suffering of the Christians [there] might be alleviated and for the support of the Holy Land.
Out of the same kingdom-wide preaching campaign and Papal bull, several leading noblemen of the Empire opted to crusade against Prussia instead of in the Holy Land.
These included King Ottokar II of Bohemia, Duke Albert I of Brunswick, Margrave Henry III of Meissen and Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg.
The crusaders that gathered at Basel were placed under the leadership of two knights, Sigfrid Mönch and Hemman (Johannes) Schaler, who were ministerials of the bishopric of Basel.
The Rhenish crusaders were probably only permitted to go to the Holy Land because of the death of King Manfred of Sicily, Charles of Anjou's rival, the previous year.
They left Basel during Lent (2 March–10 April) and travelled overland to Genoa, where they would have arrived in late April or early May.
This was probably not the same embassy that returned to Mongolia with a Papal ambassador, Jayme Alaric, since that group must only have departed after 20 August, too late for the crusading army that arrived in the spring.
A Genoese war fleet of 25 ships under Luchetto Grimaldi is known to have left Genoa in late June and arrived in Acre, the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, on 16 August.
Several crusaders managed to complete their pilgrimage to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Muslim territory, where some of them were knighted.
It is likely that the army avoided any military confrontations with the Baibars' forces in anticipation of the arrival of the armies of the Eighth Crusade.
The army of King Louis IX of France (who took the cross in March 1267) did not go to the Holy Land in any case, instead attacking Tunis in 1270.
Although the novella is completely fictional, the prototype for the title character is the historical Peter von Staufenberg, who is documented in 1274 and 1287.
It is probable that the novella's story of the knighting of Peter at the Holy Sepulchre was based on the real Peter's participation in the Crusade of 1267.
The majority of Route 73 is known as New Harbour Road, except within the town limits of Spaniard's Bay, where it is known as Back Track Road.
It heads east through rural wooded terrain for several miles to enter the Spaniard's Bay town limits, and Tilton, to have an interchange with Route 75 (Veterans Memorial Highway).
The K. Hovnanian Children's Hospital at Jersey Shore University Medical Center is a pediatric acute care hospital located in Neptune Township, New Jersey.
It is affiliated with both the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and is a member of Hackensack Meridian Health.
In 2019, the hospital also received the prestigious International Board Certified Lactation Consultant certification and provides a location for mothers to breastfeed.
K. Hovnanian Children's Hospital also partners with Ocean Medical Center, Riverview Medical Center, Southern Ocean Medical Center, and Bayshore Medical Center to provide pediatric care to the entire surrounding region of Hackensack Meridian Health hospitals.
Bungalow 702 is a rendered brick masonry and timber building on rendered masonry piles with prominent concrete caps, set approximately 1.5m above ground level, accessed by concrete steps.
Servants quarters are located at the rear of the building, connected by a covered way and roofing is corrugated asbestos cement, with newer sections in corrugated fibre-cement.
There is a strong oral tradition on Christmas Island that this bungalow was used by the Japanese as a radio station during the Island's occupation in World War Two.
The bungalow has become a symbol of this phase of the Island's history and is of considerable social significance to the Christmas Island community.
The building was damaged by a storm in March 1988 during which sections of the roof were blown off and less serious damage sustained in other parts of the building.
The Supreme Ruler of Russia (, ), also referred to as the Supreme Leader of Russia, was the Head of State and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian State, an anti-Bolshevik government established by the White Movement during the Russian Civil War.
For nearly two years from November 1918 until April 1920, the armies of the White Movement were nominally united under the administration of the Russian State, during which the Russian State claimed to be the sole legal government of Russia.
All commanders of the White armies in the south and west of Russia, as well as in Siberia and the Far East recognized the Supreme Ruler; at the turn of May — June 1919, the generals Anton Denikin, Yevgeny Miller, and Nikolai Yudenich voluntarily submitted to Alexander Kolchak and officially recognized his Supreme Command over all armies in Russia.
For nearly two years, Alexander Kolchak served as Russia's internationally recognized Head of State, and was supported both diplomatically and militarily by the former Allies of World War I.
Denikin served as the final acting Supreme Ruler of the Russian State, though he accepted neither the titles or functions of the office, which was finally declared extinct on 4 April 1920.
The Directory ceased to function as a result of the events of the night of November 17-18, 1918, when a group of Cossack troops deployed in Omsk arrested the Director of the Directory, N. D. Avksentiev, a member of the Directory, V. M. Zenzinov, and a deputy member of Directory A.
A. Argunov, as well as a friend of the Minister of the Interior, head of the secret service, E. F. Rogovsky.
On the morning of November 18, the Council of Ministers convened at an emergency meeting with the participation of two members of the Directory - P.V.
The Council of Ministers was charged with conducting preliminary discussions of all laws, and not a single law could enter into force without its approval.
On April 4, 1920, Denikin, under pressure from the generals, was forced to transfer the post of Commander-in-Chief to Lieutenant General Baron P.N.
Soon after the evacuation of the Whites from the Crimea, on April 5, 1921, the Russian Council was created in Constantinople under the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, chaired by P.N.
The 2019–20 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball team represent the University of California, Santa Barbara in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Gauchos, led by 3rd-year head coach Joe Pasternack, play their home games at The Thunderdome in Santa Barbara, California as members of the Big West Conference.
In the Big West Tournament, they defeated Cal State Northridge in the quarterfinals, before falling to Cal State Fullerton in the semifinals.
Gift Box (foaled March 23rd, 2013) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2019 Santa Anita Handicap .
He came in 2nd at the May 27th, 2019 Gold Cup at Santa Anita Stakes and then came in 4th at the June 15th, 2019 Stephen Foster Handicap.
However, he competed in one last race in 2019 - the December 28th, 2019 San Antonio Handicap, where he won the race for the second time.
Allen University Historic District is a historic district in Columbia, South Carolina that includes buildings on the campus of Allen University, originally established as Payne Institute.
Buildings in the district include Arnett Hall, the Chappelle Administration Building (itself listed individually as a National Landmark designed by John Anderson Lankford), Coppin Hall, the Joseph Simon Flippen Library, and the Canteen Building.
The university was one of several universities established by the A.M.E. Church in the South after the American Civil War and opened four years after the University of South Carolina offiially excluded African Americans.
The Drumsite Industrial Area comprises the remnants of the former incline railway between Drumsite and the power house in Flying Fish Cove, the Spray Painting Shop at the top of the railway and the Sample Shed, now located near the Laboratory.
The area has played an important role in the history of phosphate mining on Christmas Island; however, most of the site is now a modern industrial site.
The main area of heritage interest is the remains of the incline railway, constructed in 1914 and the 1930s ore chute system, although other elements have value to segments of the current island community.
The railway was the main means of transport between the cove settlement and the upper terrace until construction of the modern road to Poon Saan from 1958.
At Drumsite, loaded rail wagons were attached to a cable while empty wagons at the bottom of the incline were similarly attached.
The empty wagons provided some counterbalance to the full wagons, but the essential power and control was supplied by winding gear which wound the cables over drums at Drumsite.
The incline railway system was fundamental to the success and expansion of the mining operation permitting large volumes of ore to be moved from the mining site to the lower terrace for export.
The industrial area also includes the sample shed and paint shed which both apparently housed part of the incline winding gear.
The roof of the sample shed includes an unusual arrangement of curving steel struts and is of architectural and technical interest.
One half of the incline track is currently used to channel storm water down to the lower terrace, which keeps this half of the track clear.
In 1998, it was being used to house phosphate samples, and at that time was reported to be in fair and structurally sound condition.
The incline railway, 1930s chute and winding gear sheds are historically and scientifically significant as evidence of previous phases of the mining industry on Christmas Island and earlier industrial technology.
The incline railway is of particular significance as it was fundamental to the success and expansion of the phosphate mining operation on Christmas Island and therefore the development of the Island community, as well as being an outstanding technical and engineering achievement.
The foot of the mountain is located 1km west of Millstreet, the mountain overlooks the town with its cross near the summit.
It was the first book to document the history of the vegetarian movement in England and covered vegetarians such as William Lambe, G. Nicholson, John Frank Newton, John Oswald, Richard Phillips, Joseph Ritson and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Forward speaking at the National Vegetarian Congress in 1899 argued that although the vegetarian movement was increasing, vegetarian restaurants in London had decreased in number.
He noted that affordable tinned meat had become widely available and how some of the purported vegetarian restaurants were not strictly vegetarian as they were serving meat dishes.
Peerless was born in Brighton, England on 18 March 1858 the eldest son of fourteen children born to David John Fitzgerald and his wife Emily (nee Pockney).
In 1895 three of his paintings were selected for inclusion in the Opening Exhibition of the Queensland National Art Gallery in Brisbane but his death from tuberculosis the following year at age 38 prematurely ended his promising painting career.
He is represented in the collections of the Auckland Art Gallery, University of Otago Library (Hocken Collections), Manly Art Gallery and Museum, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales and National Library of Australia.
John Thomson (1887–1960) was a Western Australian businessman who was general manager of Wesfarmers for 32 years, from 1925 to his retirement in 1957.
Thompson developed the concept of bulk wheat handling, established the radio station 6WF, and founded the first milk pasteurisation plant in Western Australia.
Malay Kampong Group is a heritage-listed Malay precinct at Jalan Panyai, Flying Fish Cove in the Australian territory of Christmas Island.
The Malay Kampong Group comprises the Malay Club, Mosque, Malay Quarters and the adjacent Malay School, the sheep pens to the north of the Malay Club, and the original Malay Cemetery located 300m south-west of the Mosque.
Chinese labourers provided most of the manual labour during the early phase of mining on Christmas Island, although later Singapore and Malaya became increasingly important sources of indentured labourers.
The buildings in the Malay Kampong area collectively represent the cultural diversity of this group and their endeavours to keep their religious laws and traditions living in a remote, alien setting.
The sites of special significance to the Malay community include the former Malay quarters (Buildings 404, 405, 406 and 407), the Islamic School behind this group of buildings, the Mosque and Malay Club and the sheep pens and slaughter house and an early and possibly the first, Malay cemetery on the Island whose exact location is uncertain.
The Mosque was reported as generally sound, but showing cracks and rotting timber, the Malay School is good condition and having been painted recently, the former Malay quarters in good condition, and other buildings in poor to average condition.
The Malay Club was reported to be in fair condition, but showing some seaside corrosion affects, rotting timbers and holes in walling.
The places that make up the Malay Kampong area are of special significance to the Malay community of Christmas Island and reflect the ways of life of a cultural minority in Australia.
The Kampong Area represents one of the main cultural groups on Christmas Island and their endeavours to maintain their religious laws and traditions in a remote setting.
Ángela Valle (née Etna María de los Ángeles Valle Cerrato; January 7, 1927 - May 9 , 2003) was a Honduran writer, journalist, and essayist.
As a poet, she composed in a traditional way, using the sonnet or long and rhymed poems, but also using modern forms of free verse.
As a teenager, she was very interested in biology, ecology, and conservation, and she spent five years volunteering on a songbird research project in Point Reyes, California.
She received her Bachelors of Music in composition from the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadephia in 2013, and was an ArtistYear fellow there during the 2015-16 season.
Smith's works have been performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Roomful of Teeth, Eighth Blackbird, Bang on a Can All Stars, the Nashville Symphony, YMusic, the Aizuri Quartet, the Dover Quartet, the Cabrillo Festival Orchestra, the PRISM Quartet, and others.
In January of 2019, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, conducted by John Adams, performed the piece as part of its centennial season.
In November of 2019, it was performed by members of the Los Angeles Philharmonic as a part of their Green Umbrella concert series.
The Curtis Symphony Orchestra commissioned a work from Smith, set to be performed on its domestic tour in January-February of 2020, culminating in a performance in Carnegie Hall.
Smith is a recipient of a BMI Student Composer Award (2018), the ASCAP Leo Kaplan Award (2014), and three ASCAP Morton Gould Young Composer Awards.
She has also won the American Modern Ensemble Ninth Annual Composition Competition (2015), the Theodore Presser Foundation Music Award (2012), and the First Place Prize in the 2009 Pacific Musical Society Composition Competition.
El Kasri is famed for his deep, intense voice, which has made him one of the most sought-after maâlems, both in Morocco and abroad.
In 2004, he played at the festival with Joe Zawinul, later performing there with Karim Ziad in 2010, and Hamayun Kahn and Shahin Shahida in 2011.
District 15 is based in the state's Eastern Panhandle, covering all of Hampshire and Morgan Counties and parts of Berkeley and Mineral Counties.
It overlaps with the 54th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, and 64th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
Yolanda Díaz Pérez (born 6 May 1971) is a Spanish politician and lawyer specialised in Labor law, serving as Minister of Labour and Social Economy since 2020.
A member of the Congress of Deputies since 2016, she has previously been a former Ferrol municipal councillor (2003–2012) and member of the Parliament of Galicia (2012–2016).
Born in San Valentín, Fene, on 6 May 1971, next to the mammoth shipyard of Astilleros y Talleres del Noroeste (ASTANO), she is a member of a family of renowned trade unionists in Galicia active in the anti-francoist militancy.
Díaz obtained a licentiate degree in Law at the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), and after earning three post-graduate degrees, she started to work as paralegal for a law firm, later registering as lawyer and opening her own law firm, specialising in labor law.
She stood as candidate in the list of the Galician Left Alternative (AGE) coalition between EU and Anova vis-à-vis the October 2012 Galician regional election, becoming a member of the 9th Parliament of Galicia in representation of A Coruña.
She ran in the En Marea list for the 2015 general election becoming a member of the 11th term of the Lower House of the Spanish parliament.
She has renovated her seat at the 2016, April 2019 and November 2019 general elections, running respectively as candidate for the En Marea, En Común–Unidas Podemos and Galicia en Común alliances.
Appointed as Minister of Labour and Social Economy of the Sánchez II Government, she was sworn in on 13 January 2020.
Díaz, who put the struggle against precarious work as the main goal of her mandate, vowed then to repeal the 2012 labour market reform.
She chose Joaquín Pérez Rey to hold to post the Secretary of State for Labour and Social Economy, effectively the number 2 in the Ministry.
Martinez playground honors Thelma Martinez (1918-1987) a life-long resident of New York City and a 30-year resident of the near-by Williamsburg Houses.
On October 10, 1957 the City, in agreement with the Housing Authority, leased the property to Parks to use for park and playground purposes.
Pall worked as a top manager in the Electronics and Consulting Industry, but took up bonsai as a hobby in 1980.
Despite his respect and prestige in the bonsai world, however, Pall considers himself an amateur and does not aim for commercial success; rather, he styles trees and maintains his garden for his own enjoyment.
Pall has received many awards, including first place in the Crespi Cup Award and second and third place in the Ginkgo Cup Awards.
The Cavée River is a freshwater stream, a tributary of the rivière Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Cavée River (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Cavée river has its source at Rieutard Lake (length: ; altitude: , located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality This lake receives water from the eastern side of the discharge of a set of lakes (Mérillon, Dugas, de la Rocaille, Hardy, Joug and Dan).
From the confluence of the Cuvée river, the current follows the course of the Rivière Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest on , the course of the Jacques-Cartier River on to the south the northeast bank of the Saint Lawrence River..
It also became his first #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, where it topped for 2 consecutive weeks on May 1971.
Heart to Heart (foaled February 2nd, 2011) is a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2018 Gulfstream Park Turf Handicap.
Heart to Heart went on a three race winstreak starting on August 20th, 2014, when he won the Better Talk Now Stakes.
Heart to Heart picked up two stakes win during his 2015 season, when he won the August 2nd, 2015 Oceanport Stakes then the November 26th, 2015 River City Handicap.
He finished off the season with an October 10th win at the Knickerbocker Handicap and a December 17th, 2016 win at the El Prado Stakes.
He then picked up another Grade-1 win in his next race when he won the Maker's Mark Mile Stakes on April 13th, 2018.
His 2019 season was mostly unsuccessful, as he only raced in 3 races and his best finish was a 3rd place finish at the January 12th, 2019 Tropical Turf Handicap.
Published by Nobrow Press, the 24 page book follows a dog Simon who decides to become a wild animal after all humans have vanished.
1974 or '75) is a fashion designer, founder of Equality Fashion Week, board member of the Los Angeles LGBT Chamber of Commerce, and part of the Trans Inclusion Task Force for the National LGBT Chamber of Commerce.
It was later that they had the realization that they wanted to transition to a male-presenting body with the help of testosterone hormone therapy.
They were then able to complete their transition by way of various surgeries in their late 30s, after quitting their Google job to start their shoe business.
They majored in art and advertising at Pepperdine University, and it was in those years that they first came out as queer, incidentally during a truth or dare game with friends.
Prior to entering the fashion world, Kacy worked as a producer and project manager at Google, creating online branded engagement programs, such as livestreams, and conceptualizing novel ways for consumers to engage with Google platforms.
Kacy traveled through 12 European cities to learn the contours of the shoe-making industry, accumulating knowledge from traditional workshops in Italy and elsewhere before creating his own methodology in a slight departure from traditional craftsmanship.
Equality Fashion Week is an annual multi-day event, held during Los Angeles Fashion Week, that features the work of LGBTQIA+ fashion designers by way of runway shows and pop-up shops.
The event has featured designs by Sharpe Suiting, Lior Boroda, Fem/Haus, Dapper Boi, and has been sponsored by the Los Angeles LGBT Center, Outfest, and the TransLatina Coalition.
This is a list of singles that have peaked in the top 10 of the Irish Singles Chart during 2020, as compiled by the Official Charts Company on behalf of the Irish Recorded Music Association.
Two artists have achieved their first top 10 single in 2019 (as of week ending 24 January), either as a lead or featured artist.
James Harvey Insole (30 April 1821 – 20 January 1901) was an English businessman who consolidated and developed the extensive South Wales coal mining and shipping business begun by his father George Insole.
They leased and revived the Cymmer (lower Rhondda Valley) bituminous coal pits in 1844 and developed their coastal and international markets together until his father's death in 1851, at which time Insole took sole control of the company.
His company continued to develop the rich steam coal seams of the Rhondda and by the end of that century was one of the main exporters of South Wales steam coal.
Insole also played a significant role in the development of Cardiff, Wales, as a coal shipping port, especially in connection with improving the means of loading coal ships and the construction of the new dock at Penarth which opened in 1865.
Insole's modern legacy survives in his Victorian mansion Ely Court in Llandaff, Wales, now a community resource known as Insole Court which is used for a wide range of activities and events.
Insole was born on 30 April 1821 in Worcester, Worcestershire, and was baptised at St Helen's Church, Worcester, on 2 May 1821.
During Insole's early childhood his father was a carpenter in Worcester and the family was associated with the Angel Street Independent (Congregational) Meeting House.
When Insole came of age in 1842 he acquired independent resources in the form of a bequest from his father's uncle, a wealthy saddler's ironmonger in Birmingham, Warwickshire.
At that time they were working the steam coal seam at the Maesmawr pit (Llantwit Fardre), however the seam was reaching exhaustion.
They then leased and revived bituminous coal pits at Cymmer (Lower Rhondda Valley) in 1844 and in 1848 opened 36 coking ovens to supply the Taff Vale Railway Company.
Insole had also suggested that the Taff Vale Railway Company negotiate with Lord Bute to erect coal on the Cardiff Bute Dock (West).
Up to 1847 the Insoles mainly supplied the coastal markets of the Bristol Channel (Bristol, Gloucester), the Cornish ports (St. Ives, Penzance, Fowey), and the Irish markets (Limerick, Dublin, Youghal, Waterford, Cork) with steam coal.
In 1849 they sent coal shipments to the Mediterranean, the Near East (Alexandria, Constantinople, Beirut, Smyrna), to South America (Montevideo, Rio Grande, Rio de Janeiro) and as far as Chile and Singapore.
In the early morning of 15 July 1856 an underground explosion of gas resulted in the deaths of 114 men and boys (thirty-four under the age of sixteen and fifteen under the age of twelve).
The local communities were also devastated by the disaster as thirty-five widows and ninety-two children, as well as other dependent relatives, were suddenly left without any immediate means of support.
Insole was dismissed from the enquiry and, after further legal proceedings, he and his mine officials were exonerated from all blame.
To ensure his supply of steam coal, in 1862 Insole purchased the Abergorki Level at the top of the Rhondda Valley.
In 1865 the Penarth Harbour, Dock and Railway Company, of which Insole was one of the original directors, opened the new dock at Penarth in competition with the congested Bute Docks.
Following the death of his father in 1851, Insole moved his family two miles out of Cardiff to the healthier and increasingly fashionable city village of Llandaff.
In 1855 building started on Ely Court, a three-storey twin-gabled villa set in a large garden and approached by an imposing carriage drive.
In the 1870s the house was extended and embellished in the neo-Gothic style that had been employed by William Burges to transform Cardiff Castle for Lord Bute.
Insole already owned several estates in Glamorganshire as well as land in Cardiff when he set out to build a land-owning dynasty.
Insole regularly entered plants he and his gardeners had cultivated in horticultural shows, competing successfully against other local gentlemen and their gardeners.
In 1882 he announced a subscription of £1,000 for the proposed University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire in Cardiff and provided a £25 per annum scholarship for a Cardiff student to pursue further studies.
In 1890 Insole's company announced a £250 contribution over five years towards the funding and maintenance of the new University College engineering department and from 1892 the J. H. Insole scholarship provided £25 per annum for three years to support a University College student of mining.
Although he was associated with the Congregational Church as a boy and in later life financed Nonconformist building projects, as an adult Insole was a noted churchman and his tenants knew him as a generous patron of the parish church at Withiel Florey, of which he held the advowson.
In 1890 he married Marian Louisa Carey (née Eagle), the widowed daughter of his former Dublin agent and sister-in-law of his eldest son who lived nearby in his Pencisely House mansion.
Civic and other roles: Cardiff street commissioner (1848); justice of the peace and magistrate for Cardiff (1856); land tax commissioner for Glamorgan (1856/1857); vice consul to Spain at Cardiff (1858); inaugural president of the Cardiff Chamber of Commerce (1866); magistrate for Glamorgan (1867); member of the Pall Mall Club.
Company directorships: Penarth Harbour, Dock and Railway Company; Ely Valley Railway Company; Patent Fuel Works; Cardiff Hotel Company; Cardiff Baths Company.
Insole died on 20 January 1901, aged 79, at his residence Ely Court, Llandaff, and was buried at the Llandaff Cathedral burial grounds on 24 January 1901.
However, the harsh and dangerous working conditions imposed on miners which underpinned Insole's profits and the devastating effects of the 1856 Cymmer disaster cannot be ignored.
However, after significant restoration, in 2017 the mansion was reopened to visitors for a wide range of community activities and events, and the gardens that Insole so loved are now a municipal park for public use.
The following accounts include Insole's role in the development of the South Wales coal industry, although each is unreliable in various details, especially regarding his father's origins and early years as a merchant in Cardiff.
She studied to be at teacher at Kearney State College and taught in Nebraska schools for two years before return to study at University of Nebraska in Lincoln.
In 1927 Lux began teaching art at Nebraska Wesleyan University where she continued to teach for the next four decades, eventually serving head of the art department.
She exhibited her work at a variety of venues including the 1939 New York World's Fair, and in 1940 a solo show in at the Joslyn Art Museum.
She purchased the former city hall building of the village of University Place (now in Lincoln) and donated the building to serve as a nonprofit community arts organization.
Hinata Satō was born on 23 December 1998 in Yamagata Prefecture and two years later moved to Niigata Prefecture where she lived until third grade.
It originally was attached to a Basilian monastery, which appears to have persisted until the 1908, when the monastery was abandoned due to damage from the 1905 Calabria earthquake.
It is unclear when the church was built; some have suggested that its layout and dome indicate construction was completed during Byzantine rule of the region, perhaps as early as the 10th-century.
Genevieve Mary Oswald (August 24, 1921 – March 19, 2019) was an American dance scholar and archivist, founder and curator of the New York Public Library's dance archive.
She expanded the specialized holdings to include films and materials related to Asian dance traditions, and built the collection of dance films.
Oswald won the Capezio Award in 1956, for her contributions to dance scholarship; the award was presented to her at a luncheon, with remarks by Carl Van Vechten.
In 1978, she was presented with an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from her alma mater, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
She represented Tunisia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's discus throw F41 event.
The building occupies the western side of the New Mechouar military square near the Dar al-Makhzen (Royal Palace) in Fes el-Jdid.
Inside, the Makina consists of a vast series of vaulted chambers, similar to the architecture of the Heri as-Souani, the royal granaries of Moulay Ismail in Meknes.
The arms factory was an early attempt at industrialization in Fes and was part of the sultan's efforts to modernize the Moroccan army to compete with European powers, though they did not have enormous effect.
Rumex vesicarius, also known as Ruby dock, or bladder dock, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the Polygonaceae family.
However, the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria asserts that within Australia it is naturalised in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales.
It is an erect, succulent annual herb which grows to up about 60 cm high, and has triangular to ovate leaves which are truncate or cordate at the base and about 5–10 cm long, with entire margins.
The flowers are green with a red tinge, and have six perianth segments with the inner three becoming enlarged and papery when fruiting.
The 1948 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1948 college football season.
In its second season under head coach Ivy Williamson, the team compiled a 7–2 record and outscored its opponents by a total of 277 to 171.
The team is notable for declining an invitation to the 1949 Sun Bowl, as African-American running back David Showell would not have been allowed to play in the game.
Żuk made his ATP debut at the 2020 ATP Cup, where he represented Poland in a singles match, losing to Marin Čilić.
Cull Island, also known as Culls Island and Gull Island, is an island off the south coast of Western Australia in the Recherche Archipelago.
It also has a colony of little penguins and is one of the main nesting grounds for the Cape Barren goose.
California State Route 1 in Big Sur is widely considered to be one of the most scenic driving routes in the United States, if not the world.
It has been compared to the Amalfi Coast of Italy, the rugged scenic north coast of Taiwan, and roadways in the Andes.
The Big Sur portion of Highway 1 is generally considered to include the segment adjoining the unincorporated region of Big Sur between Malpaso Creek near Carmel Highlands in the north and San Carpóforo Creek near San Simeon in the south.
Prior to its completion, the California coast south of Carmel and north of San Simeon was one of the most remote regions in the state, rivaling at the time nearly any other region in the United States for its difficult access.
At the turn of the 19th century, the trip from Monterey to the Pfeiffer Ranch in the Big Sur valley could take three days by wagon.
Construction began in 1921, ceased for two years in 1926 when funding ran out, and after 18 years of construction, the Carmel–San Simeon Highway was completed in 1937.
Along with the ocean views, this winding, narrow road, often cut into the face of towering seaside cliffs, dominates the visitor's experience of Big Sur.
The stunning views, redwood forests, hiking, beaches, and other recreational opportunities have made Big Sur a popular destination for about 7 million people who live within a day's drive and visitors from across the world.
The highway has been closed more than 55 times by landslides, and in May 2017, a slide blocked the highway at Mud Creek, north of Salmon Creek near the San Luis Obispo County line, to just south of Gorda.
Rancho San Jose y Sur Chiquito, including the land from Carmel to near Palo Colorado Canyon, was granted to José Castro in about 1848.
Castro built the first trail from Monterey to Palo Colorado Canyon as early as 1853, when he filed a map of his purchase.
After California gained statehood, a rough trail from Carmel to Mill Creek (present-day Bixby Canyon) was in use by about 1855 when it was declared a public road by the county.
But the California coast south of Carmel and north of San Simeon remained one of the most remote regions in the state, rivaling at the time nearly any other region in the United States for its difficult access.
Yankee businessman Charles Henry Bixby obtained a patent on April 10, 1889 for south of Bixby Creek, Bixby harvested lumber, tanbark, and lime.
Without a road, he resorted to using a landing chute and hoist to transfer the goods to ships anchored slightly offshore.
In 1870, Bixby and his father hired men to improve the track and constructed the first wagon road including 23 bridges from the Carmel Mission to Bixby Creek.
Further south, the Rancho El Sur grant extended from the mouth of Little Sur River inland about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) over the coastal mountains and south along the coast past the mouth of the Big Sur River to Cooper's Point.
There was a brief industrial boom in the late 19th Century, but the early decades of the twentieth century passed with few changes, and Big Sur remained a nearly inaccessible wilderness.
As late as the 1920s, only two homes in the entire region had electricity, locally generated by water wheels and windmills.
Post and they improved and realigned what became known as the Old Coast Road south to Post's ranch near Sycamore Canyon.
By around 1900, residents extended the road another south near Castro Canyon, near the present-day location of Deetjen's Big Sur Inn.
They finally began charging guests in 1910, naming it Pfeiffer's Ranch Resort, and it became one of the earliest places to stay.
Due to the limited access, settlement was primarily concentrated near the Big Sur River and present-day Lucia, and individual settlements along a stretch of coast between the two.
The southern homesteaders were more closely tied to the people in the interior San Antonio Valley including the Jolon and Lockwood areas than to coastal communities to the north.
A horse trail connected Jolon through present-day Fort Hunter Liggett to the Santa Lucia divide, from which several trails split to the coast or to the several mining camps.
In 1897, he walked the entire stretch of rocky coast from Monterey to San Luis Obispo in five days and mapped out a course of the future road.
He became convinced of the need for a road along the coast to San Simeon, which he believed could be built for $50,000 ().
State Senator Elmer S. Rigdon from Cambria, at the southern end of the Big Sur region, embraced the necessity of building the road.
He was a member of the California Senate Committee on Roads and Highways and promoted the military necessity of defending California's coast which persuaded the legislature to approve the project.
In 1919, the legislature approved building Route 56, or the Carmel – San Simeon Highway, to connect Big Sur to the rest of California.
The California state legislature passed a law in 1915 that allowed the state to use convict labor under the control of the State Board of Prison Directors and prison guards.
In 1918, state highway engineer Lester Gibson led a mule pack train along the Big Sur coast to complete an initial survey to locate the future Coast Highway.
When the convict labor law was revised in 1921, it gave control of the convicts and camps to the Division of Highways, although control and discipline remained with the State Board of Prison Directors and guards.
The contractor Blake and Heaney built a prison labor camp for 120 prisoners and 20 paid laborers at Piedras Blancas Light Station.
Contractor George Pollock Company of Sacramento started construction next on one of the most remote segments, a stretch between Anderson Canyon and Big Sur in September, 1922.
The region was so remote and access so poor that the company brought most of its supplies and equipment in by barge at a sheltered cove near the middle of the project.
Overcoming all the difficulties, the crews completed two portions of the highway in October, 1924, the southern section from San Simeon to Salmon Creek and a second segment from the Big Sur Village south to Anderson Creek.
California Governor Friend William Richardson felt the state could not afford to complete the remaining, including the most difficult section remaining between Salmon Creek and Anderson Canyon.
Convicts were paid $2.10 per day but the cost of clothing, food, medical attention, toilet articles, transportation to the camp, construction tools, and even their guards was deducted from their pay.
In July, 1928, a second camp was built near the mouth of the Little Sur River on the El Sur Ranch about south of Carmel.
When this task was finished, the workers almost completely reconstructed and realigned he portion of the road from Anderson Creek to Big Sur that had been completed in 1924.
The laborers used tons of dynamite and blasted large amounts of earth and rock debris over the edge of the road and often into the ocean.
Walt Trotter, a long-time resident of the coast who had many years of experience in construction, observed in 1978 that the road could have been better built.
Road construction necessitated construction of 29 bridges, the most difficult of which was the bridge over Bixby Creek, about south of Carmel.
Upon completion, the Bixby Creek Bridge was long, wide, above the creek bed below, and had a main span of .
When it was completed on October 15, 1932, Bixby Creek Bridge was the largest arched highway structure in the Western states.
The contractor built a large bridge of Redwood with a span of at Dolan Creek because of the considerable distance required to haul concrete.
The timber and steel bridges, with the exception of Castro Canyon and Mill Creek, were all replaced with concrete bridges later on.
To provide water to thirsty travelers, the Civilian Conservation Corps built between 1933 and 1937 six hand-crafted stone drinking fountains at Soda Springs, Big Redwood, Willow Creek/Seven Stairs, Lucia, and Rigdon.
After 18 years of construction, aided by New Deal funds during the Great Depression, the paved two-lane road was completed and opened on June 17, 1937.
On June 27, 1937, Governor Frank Merriam led a caravan from the Cambria Pines Lodge to San Simeon, where dedication ceremonies began.
The wife of the late Senator Elmer Rigdon, who had promoted the bridge and obtained funding, dedicated a silver fir to her husband's memory.
A water fountain in a turnout between Vicente Creek Bridge and Big Creek Bridge, four miles north of Lucia, was dedicated as the Elmer Rigdon Memorial Drinking Fountain.
The road was initially called the Carmel-San Simeon Highway, but was better known as the Roosevelt Highway, honoring then-current President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Slides were so common that gates were used to close the road to visitors at the northern and southern ends during the winter.
Before the highway was completed, a developer who wanted to build a subdivision offered to buy the Pfeiffer Ranch from John and Florence Pfeiffer for $210,000 ($ in ).
The region's economy and population growth was driven by a change to a tourist-oriented economy and the construction of permanent and summer homes.
The primary transportation objective of the Big Sur Coastal Land Use plan is to maintain Highway 1 as a scenic two-lane road and to reserve most remaining capacity for the priority uses of the act.
The steep topography, active faults, diverse geology, and seasonal storms combine to make the rugged Big Sur area one of the most landslide-prone stretches of the California coast.
Aside from Highway 1, the only access to Big Sur is via the winding, narrow, long Nacimiento-Fergusson Road, which from Highway 1 south of Lucia passes east through Fort Hunter Liggett to Mission Road in Jolon.
Torrential rains caused flood conditions throughout Monterey County and Highway 1 in Big Sur was closed in numerous locations due to slides.
A series of storms in the winter of 1983 caused four major road-closing slides between January and April, including a large high landslide slide near Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park and McWay Falls that buried Highway 1 with of rocks and dirt.
The repair crews pushed the slide into the ocean which ended up creating a beach inside McWay Cove that didn't exist before.
CalTrans routinely pushed slide debris into the ocean shore until the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary was created in 1992, which made dumping material into the ocean illegal.
In 1998, about 40 different locations on the road were damaged by El Niño storms, including a major slide south of Gorda that closed the road for almost three months.
In March 2011, a section of Highway 1 just south of the Rocky Creek Bridge collapsed, closing the road for several months until a single lane bypass could be built.
On January 16, 2016, the road was closed for portions of a day due to a mudslide near Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park.
In January 2014, CalTrans completed construction of a new bridge and rock shelter at Pitkins Curve in Big Sur, one of the ongoing trouble spots on Highway 1 near Limekiln State Park.
In 1983, Skinner Pierce died while clearing the slide near Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park when the bulldozer he was operating fell down the slide into the ocean.
During the following winter, Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park received more than of rain, while other locations received up to , the most rain recorded since 1915.
The closure of Highway 1 in two locations isolated 60 families and 350 residents for weeks, forced Esalen Institute to evacuate guests by helicopter, and residents to ferry supplies in the same way.
Just south of Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, shifting earth damaged a pier supporting a bridge over the deep Pfeiffer Canyon.
CalTrans immediately closed the highway and announced the next day that the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge was damaged beyond repair and would have to be replaced.
CalTrans immediately began planning to replace the bridge and contracted with XKT Engineering on Mare Island to construct a replacement single-span steel girder bridge.
To the south, a slide totalling about million closed Highway 1 in February at a perennial problem point known as Paul's Slide, north of the Nacimiento-Ferguson Road.
On May 20, the largest slide in the highway's history at Mud Creek blocked the road southeast of Gorda or about south of Monterey.
The slide began up the side of the mountain and dumped an estimated , or about 1.5 million tons of dirt, on to the road and more than into the ocean.
Larger than the slide that blocked the highway in 1983 at Julia Pfeiffer Burns State park, it covered one-quarter-mile (.40 km) of the highway and buried it up to deep in some places.
To stabilize the toe of the slide and prevent the surf from further eroding the slide, CalTrans contractors brought in about of rock to build the revetment.
Crews worked seven days a week, at least 12 hours per day, from January 2017 until mid-July 2018 to get the road repaired.
Most of the nearly 7 million tourists who currently visit Big Sur each year never leave Highway 1, because the adjacent Santa Lucia Range is one of the largest roadless coastal areas in the entire United States; Highway 1 and the Nacimiento-Fergusson Road offer the only paved access into and out of the region.
The beauty of the scenery along the narrow, two-lane road attracts enormous crowds during summer vacation periods and holiday weekends, and traffic is frequently slow.
Visitors have reported to the California Highway Patrol hours-long stop-and-go traffic from Rocky Creek Bridge to Rio Road in Carmel during the Memorial Day weekend.
The highway winds along the western flank of the mountains mostly within sight of the Pacific Ocean, varying from near sea level up to a sheer drop to the water.
Since the introduction of smart phones and social media, the popularity of certain Big Sur attractions like Bixby Creek Bridge, Pfeiffer Beach, McWay Falls, and the Pine Ridge Trail have dramatically increased.
Some locations have limited parking, and visitors park on the shoulder of Highway 1, sometimes leaving inadequate space for passing vehicles.
At Bixby Creek Bridge, visitors sometimes park on the nearby Old Coast Road, blocking the road and residents' access to their homes.
There are a large number of unpaved pull outs along the highway, but there are only three paved road-side vista points allowing motorists to stop and admire the landscape.
In 2016, the average daily vehicle counts at the Big Sur River Bridge (milepost 46.595) were 6,500, a 13% increase from 5,700 in 2011.
The rationing program and a ban on pleasure driving extremely limited the number of visitors who made the trip to Big Sur.
Visitors continued to increase during the 1960s, due in part to the opening of several major attractions in the area, especially the Esalen Institute.
About 600 vehicles a day use the road, but there are only 65 parking spaces at the beach itself, so some tourists park on the highway and walk the road to the beach, which is illegal because the road is so narrow.
Parks Management Company, which manages the day-use parking lot at Pfeiffer Beach, turned away more than 1,000 cars from the entrance to Sycamore Canyon Road.
Visitors were redirected to the parking lot the Big Sur Station, a nearby multi-agency facility, where for $15 they could park and take a newly introduced shuttle service to the beach.
Due to the large number of visitors, congestion and slow traffic between Carmel and the Bixby Creek Bridge is frequently the norm during popular holiday and vacation periods.
There is a pull out to the north and west side of Highway 1, but when it is full, visitors sometimes fail to completely pull off the highway, leaving inadequate space for passing vehicles.
The section of Highway 1 running through Big Sur is widely considered one of the most scenic driving routes in the United States, if not the world.
The views are one reason that Big Sur was ranked second among all United States destinations in TripAdvisor's 2008 Travelers' Choice Destination Awards.
The unblemished natural scenery owes much of its preservation to the highly restrictive development plans enforced in Big Sur; no billboards or advertisements are permitted along the highway and signage for businesses must be modestly scaled and of a rural nature conforming to the Big Sur region.
The state of California designated the section of the highway from Cambria to Carmel Highlands as the first California Scenic Highway in 1965.
The 2019–20 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team represent the University of California, Riverside in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Highlanders, led by 2nd-year head coach David Patrick, play their home games at SRC Arena in Riverside, California as members of the Big West Conference.
The term was first used to describe a school of whales, and whalemen may have taken its meaning from that source.
Omar Lorméndez Pitalúa (born 18 January 1972) is a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of Los Zetas, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
He then joined the Gulf Cartel under kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, becoming one of the first members of its newly-formed paramilitary wing, Los Zetas.
In 2001, Lorméndez Pitalúa worked on assignments for Los Zetas, and was responsible for ensuring that smugglers paid taxes to the Gulf Cartel and operated under their supervision in Matamoros.
In 2003, he was sent to Michoacán and formed an alliance with La Familia Michoacana to gain control of the turfs controlled by the Milenio Cartel.
According to a protected witness, he served as a member of the elite Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), the special forces unit of the Army.
Lorméndez Pitalúa is often cited as one of the founding members of Los Zetas who was reportedly part of the Grupo de los 14 (English: Group of 14), a named used to describe the first fourteen Zetas members.
When Lorméndez Pitalúa joined Los Zetas, the group's purpose was to provide security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carry out executions on the cartel's behalf.
Over the years, Los Zetas underwent organizational changes and became increasingly involved in other criminal activities alongside the Gulf Cartel, including drug trafficking.
Lorméndez Pitalúa and other members of Los Zetas were placed in-charge of collecting fees for the Gulf Cartel from people who worked in contraband merchandise, human smuggling, and drug trafficking in Matamoros.
The two first met on 16 August 2001, when Lorméndez Pitalúa and other Zetas members abducted Lagunas Jaramillo and her daughter Ana Bertha González Lagunas for running a contraband business in Matamoros without the cartel's authorization.
Lagunas Jaramillo cried for help saying she was being robbed, but Zetas gunmen told her it was because she had failed to pay the cartel's taxation.
In the meeting, she was forced to hand over the drugs in her possession, give the cartel the money she had in her bank accounts to pay for the outstanding fees, and work for them.
Cárdenas Guillén told her he would pay her US$100 for each transaction, and that she was exempted from any taxation for her drug operations.
After leaving the meeting, Lagunas Jaramillo gave Los Zetas the exact location of a vehicle and driver who were holding of her cocaine.
Her restaurant became a popular eatery for Zetas members, and she became involved in drug trafficking activities with drugs provided by Los Zetas.
Both Lagunas Jaramillo and her daughter received uniforms and other accessories from the cartel when they were to participate in an operation.
While working in Los Zetas, Lorméndez Pitalúa and Lagunas Jaramillo became romantically involved; Lorméndez Pitalúa asked Cárdenas Guillén for 15 days off to organize his wedding.
On 21 November 2002, Guzmán Decena was killed in a shootout with the Mexican Army in Matamoros, close to Lagunas Jaramillo's restaurant.
Cárdenas Guillén ordered that González Laguna be paid part of Guzmán Decena's salary every fifteen days (the salary was divided between the three of Guzmán Decena's lovers, including González Laguna).
According to eye-witnesses, Lorméndez Pitalúa and his associates stormed the police installations wearing black uniforms and sporting AK-47s and AR-15s, and used a tear-gas grenade launcher to rescue their comrade.
In retaliation for the losses suffered by security forces and the increased police activity in their turf, Los Zetas reportedly responded less than three weeks later by murdering state police chief Jaime Yañez Cantú and his driver Gerardo Gascón Soltero in a drive-by shooting on 9 July 2001 in Matamoros.
During that time, Lorméndez Pitalúa was based out of Nuevo Laredo and reportedly operated on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.
He was in charge of taking control of the turf from other gangs that operated in the area: Los Cachos, Los Texas and Flores Soto.
Lorméndez Pitalúa's campaign against the Sinaloa Cartel also extended to other parts of Tamaulipas, Guerrero, Michoacán, Nuevo León and Mexico City.
The rival Beltrán Leyva Cartel also operated in the area and Los Zetas was in-charge of eliminating their influence in Zihuatanejo and Acapulco.
Lorméndez Pitalúa was appointed as the head of Los Zetas in Michoacán by Lazcano Lazcano during a meeting held in Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas.
Aside from working against the Milenio Cartel, Lorméndez Pitalúa was also responsible for establishing connections with authorities to help Los Zetas gain information from officials working against them.
In addition to building ties with officials, he was also responsible for renting safehouses to house Zetas members in the area.
According to reports from the Subprocuraduría de Investigación Especializada en Delincuencia Organizada (SIEDO), Mexico's organized crime investigation agency, Lorméndez Pitalúa worked closely with Julio César Godoy Toscano, former Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) deputy in Michoacán.
Godoy reportedly joined La Familia Michoacana in 2004 during a meeting with Lorméndez Pitalúa and Lázaro Cárdenas mayor aspirant Gustavo Torres Camacho.
Federal authorities suspect that Godoy reportedly received US$350,000 to support Torres Camacho's political election and to provide the cartel with information from the police about law enforcement operations against them.
On 18 June 2003, Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) placed an unspecified bounty on 31 members of Los Zetas, including Lorméndez Pitalúa.
This announcement was made after the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO) identified him as a high-ranking member of Los Zetas following the 14 March arrest of Cárdenas Guillén.
Unlike other Zetas members who voluntarily requested their release from the military, Lorméndez Pitalúa had deserted and joined organized crime, which is considered high treason in a military court.
He was wanted by the PGR, the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) and the Secretariat of Public Security (SSP) for his outstanding charges.
He underwent plastic surgery multiple times to hide his identity and used the aliases Francisco Chaire Huerta and Jorge Lagunas Jaramillo to purchase assets on Lorméndez Pitalúa's behalf.
Los Zetas preferred to launder money by purchasing gas stations because they viewed it as a discreet way of investing their money in the economy.
Some Pemex officials and third-party contractors worked in complicity with Los Zetas; others who opposed their initiatives were extorted, had family members kidnapped, or were killed by the cartel.
In his first year of working for Lorméndez Pitalúa, Sotelo bought a Pemex franchise and paid MXN$200,000 to be granted a license to operate.
In 2007, he purchased another gas station in Morelos, Servicios Gasolineros Anacele, S.A. de C.V., after agreeing to pay MXN$312,000 to be granted a license to operate.
Sotelo was arrested in 2009 with his business partner Jaime Macedo Salgado after a judge issued an arrest warrant for their captures.
The PGR charged Sotelo with laundering at least MXN$491,812,000 in drug proceeds for Lorméndez Pitalúa and raided Sotelo's gas stations, houses and vehicles in Cuernavaca, Mexico City and Acapulco.
The PGR was able to get approval from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN) to expropriate the properties owned by Sotelo because they were believed to be owned by an organized crime group.
When Sotelo was arrested, the government confirmed that Lorméndez Pitalúa was on trial in a federal court in the State of Mexico.
On 24 March 2010, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), a branch of the United States Department of the Treasury, sanctioned 54 high-ranking members of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, including Lorméndez Pitalúa, under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (Kingpin Act).
This sanction was made after U.S. and Mexican officials met in Mexico City the day before as part of the Mérida Initiative.
It also included the support of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and their special operations team, which assisted the OFAC in identifying the designated suspects.
Several of them controlled drug trafficking operations in Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, and other parts of Mexico, and had previous drug charges in the U.S.
Though Lorméndez Pitalúa was already imprisoned in Mexico at the time of the sanction, he faced charges in the U.S. and was considered a fugitive.
As part of the sanction, the U.S. government prohibited U.S. citizens from engaging in business activities with Lorméndez Pitalúa and froze all of his U.S.-based assets; this was done to reduce his financial support to the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas and prevent him from having access to the international financial sector.
Corporate officers could face up to US$5 million in fines and up to 30 years in prison for violations of these provisions.
On 21 September 2005, Mexican authorities received an anonymous tip on Lorméndez Pitalúa's whereabouts and proceeded to apprehend him in Lázaro Cárdenas.
He was in possession of a fake identification card from the Federal Investigative Agency (AFI), as well as multiple firearms, grenades and communication equipment.
He was driving a Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicle and had just kidnapped a man who was suspected of being part of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel.
They stumbled across him by coincidence; Lorméndez Pitalúa had recently relocated to Lázaro Cárdenas and was driving around the city looking to purchase an air condition unit for his new residence.
When the police closed in on him, his outlooks tried to notify other of his henchmen that he needed reinforcements, but he was unable to escape and was apprehended.
Lorméndez Pitalúa was then transported by the Mexican Air Force to Mexico City for his legal proceedings at the PGR offices.
On 16 October, a federal judge confirmed his organized crime involvement charge and ordered his transfer to the Federal Social Readaptation Center No.
There are numerous criminals cells under Lorméndez Pitalúa command, including: Sangre Zeta, Grupo Operativo Zeta, Comando Zetas, El Círculo, El Extranjero, Unidad Zeta, Néctar Lima, Grupo Delta Zeta and Fuerzas Especiales Zeta.
On 26 February 2016, members of Lorméndez Pitalúa's faction dismembered the body of a suspected rival gangster and dumped it near a gas station in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas.
On 20 March 2016, Mexico's PGR, SEDENA and Secretariat of the Navy (SEMAR), with the help of U.S. authorities, identified Lorméndez Pitalúa as a leading player in the Zetas Vieja Escuela faction.
Derek Christopher Price (born August 12, 1972) is a former American football tight end who played for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL).
After the Civil War, she was determined to educate formerly enslaved people and their children, and relocated to Athens, Alabama initially to care for wounded Union soldiers as a Baptist missionary.
The school was sponsored by the Western Freedmen’s Aid Commission and the American Missionary Association, located in a Baptist church in 1865.
It was the only high school for black students in the county and the first school in the northern half of the state offering kindergarten for black children.
Wells would teach, can fruits and vegetables for the winter, and return north to raise funds for the school in the summers.
While teaching at Trinity, Wells made the acquaintance of Patti Malone and Alice Vassar LaCour who performed with the Fisk Jubilee Singers.
She retired back to her summer home in Chautauqua, New York where she was an early member of the Chatauqua Literary and Scientific Circle.
The bottom two teams played in a new group with the teams they did not play against in the group stage.
He was the director of several academic libraries over his career and was respected for developing collections that promoted the history of African Americans; he was also instrumental in creating reference services and building library collections for multiple libraries in Africa.
In 1947 he accepted an invitation to work for the United States Information Agency as a public affairs officer in Monrovia, Liberia.
He brought the TSU library to national prominence with his work in creating a graduate school for African Americans and raising funds for library acquisitions as well as a new library building.
He worked as a consultant for the Alabama State College from 1952 to 1954, directing their book acquisition project and drawing up architectural plans for the library building.
He became the library director at Virginia State College in 1954, devoting most of his energy to the design of the Johnston Memorial Library.
In 1974 the Black Caucus of the American Library Association and the African-American Scholars Council sponsored his work as assistant to the librarian on the Swaziland campus of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland; he initiated the library's reference service and created a plan for future development.
While librarian at Mary Holmes College he taught courses in black history; he also taught the African American studies course at Hampton Institute throughout the 1970s.
Throughout his career, he was an energetic member and supporter of library organizations; his service to the American Library Association included memberships on the Committee on Intellectual Freedom from 1952-1954, the ALA Council from 1956-1960, and the Committee on Economic Opportunity Programs from 1965-1967.
At the 1936 conference of the American Library Association, held in Richmond, its black members were seated in segregated sections of meeting rooms and were forbidden to attend meal functions or register for conference hotel rooms.
As Secretary of the Citizen's Committee on Democratic Primaries, Van Jackson sued the registrar of Atlanta in July 1944 for refusing to send the names of black Americans to the polls, preventing them from voting.
Some say that the University of Tokyo faction was more of a mass movement than an organized movement in which concrete ideas and policies were set forth.
They led a delegation of seven undergraduates to pressure University authorities to accept their demands during the period of conflict at University of Tokyo.
With the moving of the Ministry of Education after entrance examinations were cancelled, riot police were introduced to suppress a mass Zenkyoto protest.
Other protests happened at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (November 1965), Waseda University (December 1965 - January 1966), Meiji University (November 1966), Chuo University (December 1966), and Keio University (1968).
It was with these student movements that Zenkyoto appeared in the 1960s, with each university developing movements independent of each other.
In disputes, particularly concerning tuition fees, university management corruption, and their use of violent guards (sometimes recruited from criminal organizations or far-right circles), students would gather in action committees (Kyôto Kaigi).
In response to student demands, University authorities held a conference at the Ryogoku Auditorium on September 30th to negotiate between students and authorities.
After 12 hours of negotiations, the authorities accepted the demands of the students, leading to the resignation of all University directors involved.
After the situation calmed down, Nihon University resumed classes in a temporary school complex in Shiraitodai, Fuchū, with 10 buildings surrounded by vacant fields and barbed wire.
In January 1968, a dispute over the status of graduate students in the University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine over the new Medical Doctors' Law which restricted employment opportunities and a judgement on a militant student made by the board led to mass protests in University of Tokyo.
A Zenkyoto sprung up at the conflict in University of Tokyo, and Zenkyoto students occupied and fought in Yasuda Auditorium, which they had occupied in July, against riot police.
Students began to use wooden staves against both the riot police and each other, with students taking their nihilism and anger not only onto university power structures, but themselves.
Zenkyoto began to lose its momentum and the support of the students as university struggles were stuck in stalemates, with seemingly impossible demands, all the while universities were really in danger of being dissolved.
In August 1969, the Act on Temporary Measures concerning University Management was passed, coming into effect in late 1970, which allowed universities to call on riot police independently.
On 5 January 2020, more than 50 masked people armed with rods, sticks and acid attacked the campus of Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, and injured more than 39 students and teachers.
After attacking residents of the university campus for three hours, the mob escaped; none of its members were arrested or detained.
All 36 students who were injured and admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS) were discharged within 24 hours.
Eyewitnesses, including students injured in the attack, as well as opposition parties and left-wing organizations, accused the members of the BJP's student wing, Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) of orchestrating the attacks.
On 6 January, ABVP's joint secretary for Delhi, Anima Sonkar, admitted on television that two armed men seen in videos of the incident were members of ABVP.
Police have said that three of the masked attackers have been identified but no arrests have been made, and complaints have been filed as a single FIR (First Information Report) on unknown people.
On 15 January, police confirmed the identification of the masked woman, seen in the video recording of the attack, as a member of ABVP.
After protests, the university partially rolled back the fees increase by reducing the fee only for students from families with extreme poverty (BPL category) who do not have a scholarship.
The move did not convince the students, as there was no rollback in the fee hike for non-BPL category students or for BPL students with a scholarship.
JNU administration filed two FIRs (First Information Report) on 5 January at 8:39 and 8:43 p.m. against JNUSU chief Aishe Ghosh and 19 others.
The First FIR was for allegedly attacking JNU security guards and vandalising a server room on 4 January 2020 at 1:00 p.m., a day before the attack on campus.
According to a professor, around 50 teachers and 200 students were holding a meeting on the campus to discuss their opposition to the increase in hostel fees when the attack started.
The attack has been associated by some as a way to prevent students from raising their voice against the fee hike and CAA.
On 5 January, at around 7:00 p.m., a masked mob consisting of dozens of people and at least one woman armed with iron rods, sledgehammers, sticks, and bricks attacked the campus of Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, and injured the students and teachers, as well as vandalising its hostels.
The leaders of student bodies with liberal views and those who spoke against Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist policies were attacked.
Two students residing in the hostel jumped from their rooms on the first floor in an attempt to escape the attackers, fracturing their legs in the process.
When an ambulance arrived at 9:00 p.m., carrying two doctors and two volunteers to attend to the victims, the mob surrounded the ambulance with rods and sticks, and prevented the doctors from assisting the injured.
The mob assaulted journalists and social activist Yogendra Yadav, who attempted to enter the campus on receiving news of the incident.
Police said they received 50 SOS calls between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m., however, they were only given written permission to enter the campus at 7:45 p.m.
The 36 students who were injured and admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS) were discharged within 24 hours.
32 people had suffered injuries such as fractures, lacerations, abrasions and soft tissue injuries, while four had suffered minor head injuries.
Left-wing organisations and several students accused the members of the BJP's student wing, Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) of orchestrating the attacks.
On 6 December, Swati Maliwal, the chief of Delhi Commission for Women, issued summonses to the police over the assault on female students in the attack.
Sonkar said that the armed men seen with rods on the JNU campus on viral videos displayed during the discussion are ABVP activists, including a former student named Vikas Patel and a first-year student named Shiv Poojan Mondal.
She said that they were asked through WhatsApp to move in groups and carry rods, pepper spray or acid for self defense.
Two first-year students, named Akshat Awasthi and Rohit Shah, seemed to have confessed to leading the attack on the Periyar hostel.
Awasthi confessed to carrying a rod in his hand, wearing a helmet, and channeling and mobilising the attack with the help of students who were members of ABVP, as well as members from outside the campus.
A video of a masked woman student who could be seen vandalising hostels went viral on social media after the 5 January attack.
The website revealed through their investigation that Sharma herself had confessed her involvement in the attack through a WhatsApp conversation with one of her seniors.
Hindu Raksha Dal, or the Hindu Defense League, a right-wing group, claimed responsibility for the attack on Jawaharlal Nehru University students.
On 10 January 2020, three JNU professors filed a petition in the High Court seeking a direction to Delhi Police and the government to preserve data, CCTV footage, and all evidence associated with the attack.
The data, such as messages, pictures, videos, and phone numbers of the members of the WhatsApp groups 'Unity Against Left' and 'Friends of RSS' were sought to be preserved.
Petitioners claimed that as far as they knew from news reports, the police have not yet retrieved CCTV footage, which is crucial evidence.
On 13 January, The Delhi High Court directed Delhi police to summon and seize the phones of all members of the two WhatsApp groups—'Friends of RSS' and 'Unity Against Left'—who allegedly planned and executed attacks on the campus.
The court directed JNU administration to provide all the CCTV footage and also directed Google, Whatsapp and Apple to provide any information requested by the Police.
The report noted that despite SOS calls from the students, Kumar did not allow police to enter the campus till 7:45 p.m.
The report also demanded the investigation of other faculty members (who planned the attacks) and the security company hired to ensure safety on the campus.
A committee member called the attack a planned criminal conspiracy and stated that there was sufficient evidence that proved that the attackers were affiliated with right-wing groups.
After the attack, the police did not attempt to press attempted murder charges against the attackers even though the victims had received head injuries.
It stated that the Home Minister's remarks against the CAA-NRC protests and his calls for punishing them had encouraged the attackers.
While the Vice-Chancellor had mentioned in his press statement that the servers were working on 4 January and some students had registered for the new semester that day.
The report questioned why the servers could not be made to work on 5 January, the day the attacks had happened, if the servers could be made functional earlier.
The report asked if the administration already knew that an attack was going to happen and alleged that the servers were not made functional so that the CCTV cameras failed to record the attacks.
Police have said that some of the masked attackers have been identified and complaints have been merged and filed as a single FIR.
On 11 January, the police claimed they had identified 37 out of a total of 60 members of the WhatsApp group that included 10 outsiders, named 'Unity against Left'.
Shutting off the street lights, allowing armed mobs to move freely, and allowing attacks on journalists in front of the police are among many such instances which raised questions in the media and on political platforms.
It has investigated the authenticity of the photographs, finding that the design, captions, markings and prints of the photographs exactly matched the photographs tweeted by Ashish Chauhan, a national organising secretary of ABVP.
Response of two RTIs unearthed several infomation on the incidents, specifically server room vandalism and raised further questions on VC Kumar's claims and the FIRs by JNU administration.
One FIR claimed that a group of students entered the Centre for Information System (CIS) office by breaking open a glass back door at around 1:00 p.m. on January 4.
In a statement, JNU vice-chancellor M. Jagadesh Kumar has claimed that the violence on 5 January had its origins in the vandalism which occurred on 3 and 4 January.
With regard to the fibre-optic cables used in the CIS servers, the response said, 17 such cables were damaged around 13:00 on 4 January.
Initially, Police responded to media that CCTV footage were not available for which it was difficult for them to identify the perpetrator, and instead they were using screenshots from viral social media posts.
On 15 January, Delhi police confirmed the identification of the masked woman as a member of ABVP and a student of Daulat Ram College in Delhi University.
She had been seen wearing a check shirt, a light blue scarf and carrying a stick, in the video recording of the attack and several media outlets had identified her.
Police have issued a notice under IPC Section 160 to the woman and two other men involved, Akshat Awasthi and Rohit Shah.
Various people condemned the violence including Anand Mahindra and Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Congress Party member Priyanka Gandhi blamed the right; Kapil Sibal asked for a probe.
University of Hyderabad, Aligarh Muslim University, the University of Jadavpur, Assam University and Gauhati University students staged protests on the night of the attack in solidarity with the JNU students.
On 7 January, IIT Bombay, the Film and Television Institute of India,the National Law School and foreign universities including Oxford University and Columbia University also held protests in solidarity.
On 8 January, a huge march was held on the North Campus of the University of Delhi, where the students from the university and colleges affiliated with the university gathered to march in support of JNU students and teachers who were beaten during the incident.
They demanded bringing the masked perpetrators to justice, the removal of M. Jagadesh Kumar from the post of vice-chancellor of JNU, and also demanded the scrapping of the CAA-NRC-NPR (Citizenship Amendment Act, National Register of Citizens and National Population Register).
On 9 January, around 1,000 JNU students and teachers held a protest march to the HRD Ministry office in Delhi demanding the resignation of the vice-chancellor.
After reaching the office a group of students decided to continue their march up to the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India.
Several celebrities including Sushant Singh, Anurag Kashyap, Dia Mirza, Taapsee Pannu, Vishal Bhardwaj, Zoya Akhtar, Swara Bhaskar, Rahul Bose, Sushant Singh Rajput, and Konkona Sen Sharma also joined the protests in Mumbai.
Though she did not give a speech, she met with the JNUSU president Aishe Ghosh, who was attacked by the masked mob.
She was praised for standing up against a crackdown on dissent, as Bollywood actors usually avoid making statements, fearing backlash and negative consequences for their films.
Its Idaho State Historical Society inventory report describes it:The structure of the roof is curious; from the side it appears at first glance to be a mansard, like its neighbors north and south; but the sides of the roof are brought forward on the front to form a jerkin-headed gambrel.
The bargeboards lining this unique profile, and the trim under the eave of the shed-roofed porchwhich crosses the east elevation, are boldly perforated with geometric shapes: discs, I's, quatrefoils.
The south side elevation contains two doors and two windows in an AB-AB arrangement suggestion the division of the interior space; gabled wall dormers, with bargeboards perforated and flared like those on the facade, break the eave above.
Mount Cook is a mountain located on Magnetic Island within the Magnetic Island National Park, off the north east coast of Queensland, Australia.
Héctor Angulo (Santa Clara, Cuba, 1932 - 2018) was a Cuban composer who combined in his works the result of deep studies about Afro-Cuban folklore and the most modern techniques of musical composition.
Héctor Angulo began his musical studies in Santa Clara and concluded in Havana, where he was instructed by professors Zenaida Romeu, Serafín Pró and Julián Orbón.
In 1959 he attended a summer course in Tanglewood, United States, and at a later time, during that same year, he received a grant to study at the Manhattan School of Music in New York, where he stayed for the next three years.
While studying in the United States, Hector Angulo informed the famous American folk-singer Pete Seeger about a famous Cuban song called Guajira Guantanamera; referring to a version composed by his previous profesor Julián Orbón, which utilized the poem of José Martí as its lyrics.
Héctor Angulo began to compose during the mid-forties decade of the 20th Century, and his first pieces were premiered during the fifties decade.
It was built in the late 16th century by the Saadians, who had their capital at Marrakech and built forts around Fes in order to keep it under control.
Kasah Tamdert was the first of the Saadian fortifications built in the city, consisting of a simple walled enclosure (a kasbah), while a few years later the Saadians started building the heavier fortresses of Borj Nord, Borj Sud, and the bastions on the eastern side of Fes el-Jdid.
The hospital's predecessor was founded in 1925, as the municipal hospital for the city of Osaka, located in Abeno-ku, Osaka due to donation from Kichiemon Kichimoto.
He shifted his capital from Sisai in Tandwa which is now in Chatra district to Badam which is now in hazaribagh district in 1685.
King of Palamu Jaikishan Rai and Dalel Singh captured the Tori which was in possession of Nagvanshi king after a battle.
JERA is 50-50 joint venture between TEPCO Fuel & Power, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company, and Chubu Electric Power, founded in April 2019.
The company assumed ownership and operation of all of Tokyo Electric and Chubu Electric thermal power stations, giving it a total output of approximately 67 million kW (including capacity under construction), which made it Japan's largest power generation company.
The electricity generated is wholesaled to retail electric utilities such as TEPCO Energy Partner and Chubu Electric Power, and is not supplied directly to consumers.
The concept of JERA was floated immediately after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster by a group of young managers within Tokyo Electric, who sought to separate the thermal power generation portion of the company from the nuclear sector (together with the legal and fiscal responsibility for the accident) to ensure Tokyo Electric’s survival.
The idea was vehemently opposed by Tokyo Electric’s chairman; however, by 2012 Tokyo Electric was facing imminent bankruptcy over damage compensation claim and the costs of decommissioning the Fukushima nuclear plants, as well as high costs for fossil fuel to make up the power generation shortfall from its 17 idled nuclear reactors.
In addition, many of its thermal power plants were obsolete, and with Tokyo Electric’s plummeting credit rating, it was deemed unlikely and the necessary funding could be secured for revamping or construction.
Meanwhile, Nagoya-based Chubu Electric was eager to expand into the Kanto region and had been receiving many enquiries from Kanto-based users unhappy with Tokyo Electric’s increasing rates.
However, efforts to enter the Kanto region and to compete against Tokyo Electric were hampered by the Japanese government’s unwritten regulations creating regional electric generation monopolies.
Chubu Electric initially attempted to circumvent these regulations by building a new 650,000 kW coal-fired power generation facility on the premises of TEPCO's Hitachi Naka Thermal Power Station, with power generated by this plant to be sold by Tokyo Electric on its behalf.
This led to further discussions in September 2014 for a comprehensive alliance on thermal power generation, and JERA was launched in April 2015.
The 2020 BYU Cougars men's volleyball team represents Brigham Young University in the 2020 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season.
To the north it merges with the Putorana Mountains and to the west the border with the Tunguska Plateau is not clearly defined.
The Syverma Plateau is deeply cut by river valleys flowing roughly southwards from the Putorana ranges, such as the Vivi River, Tutonchana, Tembenchi, Embenchime, Kochechum and other right hand tributaries of the Lower Tunguska River.
In the village of Tura, located at the southern end by the Lower Tunguska River, the average monthly temperature in the winter is .
Precipitation is not too heavy, which contributes to the prevalence of permafrost, reaching a depth of over in the plateau area.
As the station is located just north of the crossing of the Rhine between Switzerland and Liechtenstein, long-distance trains traveling between Zürich and points east must reverse direction.
He was later elected Chair of the Law Foundation of B.C., which he held until 2010, when he was promoted to British Columbia's Supreme Court.
After earning his law degree from the University of Victoria in 1978, Dley began a private law practice which lasted until 1996.
He also served as legal counsel of the Western Hockey League (WHL) for five years before he was promoted to commissioner in 1995.
In response to criticisms for lack of action, Dley stated that the league had not conducted an investigation because there had been no formal complaint about the assault.
While discussions on extension of his contract with the league were ongoing, he also sat on the National Junior Team Policy Committee which appointed head coaches for 1999 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships.
Dley was an advocate for the league to expand into Winnipeg and planned on hosting discussions with interested parties in January 2000.
In 2008, he was named Chair of the Law Foundation of B.C., a position he held until his promotion to Justice of the British Columbia's Supreme Court in 2010.
She studied mathematics and physics at the University of Innsbruck, earning diplomas in mathematics and physics and a PhD in physics, completed in 2003.
After postdoctoral research at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, University of Geneva, and University of Innsbruck, she became an assistant professor in Innsbruck in 2010, and earned her habilitation there in 2012.
She was the 2011 winner of the Ludwig Boltzmann Prize of the Austrian Physical Society, and the 2013 winner of the Lieben Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences for her work on many-body entanglement.
He served as interim head football coach at Boise Junior College—now Boise State University—following Harry Jacoby being called into active duty in the United States Army midway through the 1941 season.
He also filled in for Jacoby as head coach of the BJC men's basketball team for the 1941-42 season, compiling a 17–14 record.
In addition to these two roles, Allison was the athletic director of BJC in this period (again replacing Jacoby in that role).
Peggy Siegal (born July 17, 1947) is an American entertainment publicist who works to advertise new film releases to an audience of media providers and critics.
She owns the Peggy Siegal Company, based in Manhattan, which was described as one of the top 12 media marketing firms in 2018.
Highly connected with New York City's elite, Siegal organizes and hosts private events, including film screenings, to which she invites prominent guests who may help the film's reception.
Her successes in the industry have been attributed, by her and others, to carefully selecting the guests she invites to these events.
Siegel had organized an event at Epstein's mansion that included guests such as Prince Andrew, George Stephanopoulos, Katie Couric, and Chelsea Handler.
According to Sharia law, a husband who has divorced his wife can return her only after she divorces her new husband.
Her seventh-place finish in the 2015 ARCA standings put her tied with Steve Arpin (who also finished seventh in 2009) as the second highest-finishing points finish by a Canadian driver in the history of the ARCA Series, behind Jerry Churchill's three top-10 points finishes of seventh, fifth, and third in the late 1980's.
In addition to competing full-time in ARCA in 2015, she also made her NASCAR K&N Pro Series East debut at Bristol, driving for Shayne Lockhart and Sam Hunt's DRIVE Technology team.
The 15th Field Regiment (RCA) Band is one of four Reserve Force bands in the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, located at Bessborough Armoury in the British Columbian capital of Vancouver.
The band maintains a full marching and concert band as well as other musical ensembles that include jazz combos and rock bands.
The band was formed in 1934, 20 years aftee the establishment of the regiment and just after it moved into its current base.
In 2000, the band outgrew its facilities in the Bessborough Armoury and relocated to the Garrison Headquarters building near Jericho Beach on English Bay.
Although still under command and control of the home regiment, the band functions largely independently as a self contained subunit and performs more than one hundred engagements annually.
The band is a directly reporting unit of the 39 Canadian Brigade Group, and therefore supports all activities on a ceremonial level.
In 2003 and 2012, the band took part in the Fortissimo Sunset Ceremony on Parliament Hill at the invitation of the Ottawa-based Ceremonial Guard.
It involves the participation of the band, accompanied from Canada by the Naden Band of Maritime Forces Pacific, as well as bands from the United States Armed Forces, which have included in years past: the I Corps Band, the 133rd Army National Guard Band, United States Navy Band Northwest, and United States Air Force Band of the Golden West.
At that time I had an idea to end the band because it just felt right to end the band at that point.
Still even though we achieved a lot I started to feel like it's becoming more and more of a job for me and felt that I was drifting away from the most important thing in my life which is for the love of making music.
I felt like a winner and decided to put it aside because I could with a large smile remember all that great things we experienced with this band.
I lost the passion to make music my own way and the main reason why I had a lot of side projects like Black Sun Aeon, Routasielu, Dawn of Solace and The Final Harvest at the first place.
Fred W. Henne (January 14, 1914 – January 22, 1998) was a labour leader, businessman and politician in the Northwest Territories, Canada.
Henne arrived in Yellowknife, NWT from British Columbia as a labour union negotiator in early 1947, and successfully negotiated the first collective bargaining agreement at the Con Mine and Giant Mine in Yellowknife.
Soon thereafter, he decided to go into private business and purchased a controlling interest in the Frame & Perkins garage and automobile dealership in Yellowknife, which he operated from 1949 to 1980.
Henne's political career began with various stints on the early Yellowknife Town Council, winning seats in the November 1947, November 1948, November 1950, November 1951 (appointed chairman of Trustee Council for 1952), and November 1953 elections.
He left Yellowknife to live in Grimshaw, Alberta in 1958 but later returned, running for the office of Yellowknife mayor again and winning by acclamation in the December 1967 election.
Subsequently, Henne again became mayor in the December 1969 election, December 1971 election, losing in the December 1973 election, returning to victory in the December 1975 election, and the December 1977 election, his final term in office.
During his terms of office in the 1960s/1970s, mayor Fred Henne guided Yellowknife as it grew from a mining town to capital of the Northwest Territories.
Brown had a poor start to the season, losing its first four games, including one to a secondary school, before recovering at the end to win its final two contests.
Brown didn't play a single game at home and its win over Columbia would be its last over a fellow college for 25 years.
This is a list of individuals who have been the targets of assassination (also known as targeted killings) by the United States.
The shire was amalgamated with Canobolas Shire, Molong Shire and part of Lyndhurst Shire to form Cabonne Shire on 1 October 1977.
The Brunos won a single game, against a local high school, and in their five other contests they could only muster 2 goals, finishing the season dead least in intercollegiate play.
Supriya Joshi (born 30 July 1988) is an Indian renowned playback singer, Supriya Joshi has earned her doctorate (Ph.D.) in music.
She has over 300 songs and has more than 1000 live shows in India and abroad to her credit and former participant in the national singing competition Sa Re Ga Ma Pa.
As a playback singer, Supriya has lent her voice to many films and TV serials including Satya 2, Salim, Vivah, Bal Ganesha 2, Devo Ke Dev Mahadev, Balika Vadhu, Navya, Maharana Pratap, Buddha.
Supriya, the multilingual singer, has a wide appeal across the country especially for her songs in Tamil, Telagu, Gujrati, Punjabi, Malyalam, Bengali, Marathi, Rajasthani, Oriya and Hindi.
He developed storytelling workshops United Nations High Commission for Refugees, LAMP on Skid Row, The Museum of Broken Relationships, UCLA and CalArts.
This season brought a new low as the Brunos lost every game they played and established two program worsts; the 15 goals Brown surrendered to Harvard are the most goals against in the history of the program and the 14-goal deficit is the worst goal differential the program has ever seen (as of 2019).
In it, Zoritte suggests a fictitious alternative to the official Zionist depicting of Julie as a cherished figure of the Zionist movement, in which she and her two children were smuggled by activists of the World Zionist Organization to the United States, where she was committed to a sanatorium in order not to taint the official national myth and official Zionist history with her frustrations and capricious outbursts.
His Alientated Wife is one of three books by Zoritte in which she chose to give a voice to the forgotten women of the Zionist movement.
The other two books are ״Life Long Love״, a novel on the tragic love of the painter Ira Jan to Hayim Nahman Bialik and ״״The Maiden and the Poet״, about Nathan Alterman's lover, the painter Zila Binder.
Esther 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
The king Ahasuerus was then determined to grant her any request, so Esther spoke out about the death threat on her people and identifies Haman as the perpetrator of the projected genocide.
The king went out to his garden in a rage, but shortly came back to see Haman seemingly threatening Esther on her recliner couch.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
After hearing Esther's words, the king stomped out to his garden in a rage, but said nothing about reversing Haman's edict.
Left alone with Esther, the terrified Haman plead for mercy, eventually falling upon the couch where she was reclining to, right when the king was back in the room.
The impalement of the man who plotted against the queen and Mordecai who saved the king has a similarity to the impalement of the conspirators against the king reported by Mordecai ().
After the removal of the immediate threat to his wife, 'the king's anger is abated' (, as in when he had dealt with Vashti).
Everett Olive Hales (27 October 1876 – 1 November 1947) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Wellington between 1896 and 1910.
Hales was a fast-medium left-arm bowler who took a long run-up and was notable for the swing he achieved in his deliveries.
He took 5 for 41 and 1 for 16 when Wellington gained their first away victory against Canterbury in Christchurch in January 1901.
His best figures were 6 for 22 and 3 for 20 in Wellington's victory over Hawke's Bay in December the same year.
The 2019–20 UC Davis Aggies men's basketball team represent the University of California, Davis in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Aggies, led by 9th-year head coach Jim Les, play their home games at The Pavilion in Davis, California as members of the Big West Conference.
mass spectrometry of the solar wind and rings of Saturn and the flow of water vapor in the earth's polar wind, and for her work in digital security on devices for quantum key distribution and random number generation.
She earned a bachelor's degree in 1980 from Rutgers University, and a master's degree in physics in 1983 from the California Institute of Technology.
In 1979 he contested for the position of President of the Football Federation of Sri Lanka, losing to Manilal Fernando by two votes.
Cymolutes lecluse, the sharp-headed wrasse or Hawaiian knifefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses.
At first they worked on creating a business travel management platform that included a rewards program for business travelers taking business trips and launched it in September 2015.
The company dropped the awards element, but further enabled seamless travel booking with the integration of train booking service to their platform.
In October 2018, the company raised a $21 million Series B round led by Target Global, Felix Capital, Spark Capital, Sunstone and Amplo.
In July 2019, TravelPerk finalized a two part, $104 million series C funding backed by Kinnevik, Partners of DST Global, Target Global, Felix Capital, Sunstone, and LocalGlobe.
In the same year, TravelPerk launched a new product known as FlexiPerk that gives business travelers 90% refunds on cancellations on all bookings.
Monthly meetups have been usually on a Sunday and/or Saturday - and have traditionally defaulted to locations in the CBD of Perth.
In the case of the suggested locations below, the preference is to be on public transport routes, with meetings at locations readily convenient to transport.
Unfortunately, these changes weren't able to help pull the newly christened Bears out of their funk and the team lost every game for the second year in a row.
After the season, due to poor ice conditions, poor results in games and a lack of support, Brown suspended its ice hockey program.
Eduardo do Nascimento Souza, known as Eduardo Souza or Dorita, is a Brazilian football manager, and currently is the assistant manager of Atlético Goianiense.
In December 2013, he joined CRB as Roberval Davino's assistant, and became the club's interim manager the following March after Davino's dismissal.
He then joined Doriva's staff as his assistant at Ituano, Atlético Paranaense, Vasco da Gama, Ponte Preta (two stints), São Paulo, Bahia, Santa Cruz, Atlético Goianiense, Novorizontino and again CRB.
On 9 December 2018, Souza was named manager of Votuporanguense, but was sacked the following 12 February after only six matches.
He subsequently returned to Atlético Goianiense as a permanent assistant manager of the main squad; in October, he was interim manager for one match (a 0–0 home draw against Ponte Preta) before the signing of Eduardo Barroca.
He was elected as a member of the Australian Labor Party, but left the party in the 1917 Labor split and represented the Nationalist Party thereafter.
Dodd went to Broken Hill in New South Wales from 1889 to 1896, during which he was involved in the 1890 maritime strike and 1892 Broken Hill miners' strike.
He then went to Coolgardie in Western Australia, where he continued as a miner and became involved in trade union work before moving to Kalgoorlie in 1899.
Dodd was expelled from the Labor Party in April 1917 during the 1917 Labor split and joined the new National Labor Party.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 743, out of 386 are males and 357 are females.
Tietkens hoped to discover a supply channel to Lake Amadeus from hills to the north-west, expecting that this might open a reliable route to the north-west coast settlements.
The South Australian branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia was instrumental in mounting the expedition and appointing Tietkens as leader.
This expedition discovered Lake Macdonald, the Kintore Range, Mount Leisler, Mount Rennie, the Cleland Hills, defined the western borders of Lake Amadeus, and photographed Uluru (Ayers Rock) and Kata Tjuta (Mount Olga) for the first time.
The caravan consisted of twelve camels, sufficient to carry the expedition members, provisions for up to four months and water for a lesser period.
The expedition collected new species of plants and rock samples allowing the South Australian government geologist to compile a 'geological sketch' of the country traversed.
In September 1931, Wylie officially opened Phoebe's School of Domestic Arts at 882 Hay Street, the first privately run domestic arts school in Australia.
She retired in December that year, having spent seventeen years in her position at the Education Department, overseen the growth in popularity of domestic sciences, and an increase from 16 to 33 teaching centres.
The course is notable for being the northernmost disc golf course in Canada and for being completely devoid of trees, since it is one of only a handful disc golf courses located North of the tree line.
Because of its remoteness, the course is poorly known and rarely played, but often wish-listed by members of the disc golf community.
In 2018 and 2019, Iqaluit's Timmianut Pikiuqarvik disc golf course received a brief mention in the Iqaluit Visitor's Guide as an amenity that can be enjoyed in the city.
This was followed by Rajagopala Chidambaram who held the rank of a Minister of State and was the PSA for 16 years.
The 'Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser', through the Prime Minister’s Science, Technology and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC) helps scientific cross-sectoral synergy across ministries, institutions and the industry.
He is currently a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology and Head of the Electrical Strategy Department.
It was commissioned as Burslem's town hall, to replace the town hall built in the 1850s, and was built by the architects Russell and Cooper.
Completed in 1911, after the Federation of Stoke-on-Trent in 1910 made its original purpose obsolete, the building was opened as the Queen's Theatre, a venue for drama, concerts and other entertainments.
The front, faced with ashlar, has a portico of full height with three pairs of Corinthian columns and an entablature above; there is a windowless attic storey above this.
To the right of the main frontage is a wing of the building, of two storeys, with ten windows on each storey and an entrance.
It is supposed that this part, being less ornate, was created after it was known that the building was no longer intended as a town hall.
Mason is known for her busts of notable American figures of the 1960s, including Lyndon B. Johnson, who sat for Mason many times.
She was skilled at a young age in modeling and sculpture, which led her to complete a bachelor's degree in fine arts from George Washington University in 1953.
Mason lived and worked in Alexandria, Virginia, just outside of Washington D.C., where she operated a frame shop in addition to her studio.
Her breakthrough work was when she submitted a bust of Frederick M. Vinson for consideration during a call for submissions for the chief justice's official portrait.
Johnson would call Mason and invite her down to his ranch, having her fly with him on Air Force One with the work-in-progress.
One of her bust's of Johnson resides in the Vice Presidential Bust Collection and another is on display at the Lyndon B. Johnson Library.
She was appointed as Acting Chief Justice of Orissa High Court on 5 January 2020 after retirement of Chief Justice Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri on 4 January 2020.
The Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film is an annual award given by the Motion Picture Sound Editors.
It honors sound editors whose work has warranted merit in the field of cinema; in this case, their work in the field of sound effects and foley.
It was first awarded in 1954, for films released the previous year, under the title Best Sound Editing - Feature Film.
It wasn't until 1974 that the title specified that it was being awarded to sound effects, under the title Best Sound Editing - Sound Effects.
The 47th Daytime Emmy Awards, presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), will honor the best in U.S. daytime television programming in 2019.
For the first time it will span three over nights, June 12–14, 2020, replacing both the traditional main ceremony and the separate Creative Arts ceremony.
For the first time the Daytime Emmys will be presented over three over nights, instead of the traditional main ceremony and the separate Creative Arts ceremony, to honor its ever expanding set of award categories.
As part of several initiatives regarding gender identity, the NATAS decided to replace both the younger actor and younger actress drama categories with a single gender-neutral Outstanding Younger Performer in a Drama Series.
The 72nd Primetime Emmy Awards will honor the best in U.S. prime time television programming from June 1, 2019 until May 31, 2020, as chosen by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.
The ceremony will be held on September 20, 2020, at the Microsoft Theater in Downtown Los Angeles, California, and broadcast in the U.S. by ABC; it will be preceded by the 72nd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards on September 12 and 13.
Tengnueng Sitjaesairoong (Thai: เต็งหนึ่ง ศิษย์เจ๊สายรุ้ง; born October 6, 1992) is a Thai Muay Thai fighter from the Nakhon Sawan province of Thailand.
He has achieved fame on THAI FIGHT, a Thai promotion which hosts Muay Thai events all over Thailand and around the world.
Fighting in a larger weight class than most Thai fighters, Tengnueng has become a fan favorite in THAI FIGHT and is a main event staple.
Early on, his professional career got off to a rough start as he lost the majority of his fights, all by decision.
Tengnueng later returned and resumed training with the Dechrat Gym in 2014, with whom he has been training with ever since, and began fighting under his current ring name of Tengnueng Sitjaesairoong.
In his comeback, Tengnueng Sitjaesairoong went on to participate in the 2014 Omnoi Stadium Weber 154lbs Muay Thai Tournament at Omnoi Stadium.
He made his return to THAI FIGHT on April 4, 2015, where he faced Rungrawee Kemmuaythaigym at THAI FIGHT CRMA, where he won by three-round decision.
Next, he faced Alex Oller at THAI FIGHT Shaolin in China on July 18, 2015, where he proceeded to deliver a 1st-round knockout, the first of many.
Tengnueng resumed his habit of finishing opponents and began a long streak of knockout victories as he proceeded to beat Aleksei Dodonov via 2nd-round TKO at THAI FIGHT Moscow on September 17, 2015.
In the final THAI FIGHT event of 2015, THAI FIGHT Count Down, Tengnueng faced the Brazilian José Neto for the 2015 THAI FIGHT Junior Middleweight Championship on December 31, 2015.
Tengnueng started 2016 with a 2nd-round TKO victory over Daniel Kerr of Germany at THAI FIGHT Korat 2016 on March 19, 2016.
On July 23, 2016, Tengnueng would brutally dispatch Sok Tauch of Cambodia with a 1st-round TKO victory at THAI FIGHT Proud To Be Thai..
He would then go on an uncharacteristic three-fight losing streak, including a decision loss to Hamza Ngoto at THAI FIGHT Paris on April 8, 2017.
After a period of inactivity for most of 2017 and 2018, in which he fought once each year, Tengnueng later returned to THAI FIGHT in 2019 on February 23, 2019 at THAI FIGHT Phuket 2019.
This time, he had noticeably put on weight and fought at a heavier 80 kg (176 lbs), as opposed to his previous fighting weights of 70-75 kg (154-165 lbs).
His first opponent of the year was Russia's Mike Vetrila, whom he knocked out in the 3rd round, keeping his streak of KO wins alive at 12.
Tengnueng seemed to return to his previous form, despite his weight gain, when he delivered a 1st-round KO of Simon Maait of Australia at THAI FIGHT Samui 2019 on April 27, 2019.
However, this was not to last as his performance was called into question when he faced Mohammad Hossein Doroudian of Iran at THAI FIGHT Betong 2019 on June 29, 2019.
After uncharacteristically getting knocked down early in the 1st round, Tengnueng seemed hesitant to engage but was able to inflict his own damage in much of the 2nd round.
However, the judges deemed the fight to be even after 3 rounds and declared the match a draw, requiring a 4th round to be fought.
This time around, Tengnueng captured the 1st-round KO victory with a series of high kicks that gradually wore down Doroudian's arms.
While he dominated the entire 3 rounds of the fight, Tengnueng was unable to finish off Delavar and ended up getting the win by decision.
On December 21, 2019, at THAI FIGHT: Thai Fest in Patong, Tengnueng faced perhaps one of his most decorated and experienced opponents in the USA's Cyrus Washington.
While Washington was older and slower, he was able to avoid getting knocked out by Tengnueng and the fight eventually went the full 3 rounds.
With Tengnueng landing more clear shots, he took the decision victory and was crowned the 2019 THAI FIGHT Light Cruiserweight (81kg) Champion.
The 2019 CEBL Entry Draft was the inaugural CEBL Entry Draft, held on March 23, 2019 at the Art Gallery of Hamilton in Hamilton, Ontario.
The final two rounds were U Sports rounds, in which teams selected players playing in U Sports, Canada's university basketball program.
The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 25, 26, and 27 August 1989.
Noor Orpa de Baat (born 4 October 2000) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands, who plays as a midfielder.
At the tournament, de Baat scored two goals, and helped the team to a silver medal finish, losing in the final to Spain.
It was renamed Game Changer Wrestling in 2015, and has transformed itself into a small regional promotion into a nationally popular company that has toured all over the United States, as well as internationally in places like Japan.
The company predominantly features hardcore wrestling, and incorporates a shoot style hybrid of mixed-martial arts and professional wrestling in some events.
Jersey Championship Wrestling (JCW) was founded by independent wrestler Ricky Otazu, also known by his ring name of Ricky O, in January 1999 in New Jersey.
In June 2015, Jersey Championship Wrestling rebranded itself to Game Changer Wrestling after being purchased by Brett Lauderdale and Danny Demanto.
After the buyout, GCW began to predominantly feature hardcore wrestling and continued to enjoy success in the New Jersey Wrestling scene, producing several tournaments that boasted high-level independent wrestlers, including the Nick Gage Invitational Ultraviolent Tournament, the Tournament of Survival and the Acid Cup.
GCW would continue to expand throughout the United States and hosted its first show in Los Angeles in November 2018, titled To Live and Die in LA.
In April 2018, GCW partnered with Matt Riddle to produce Matt Riddle's Bloodsport, a show that fused professional wrestling and mixed-martial arts rules.
The Wu Chung Library (), named after , is located in the United College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).
As one of the seven libraries in CUHK, the United College Library houses the Philosophy collection, major Chinese monograph series collection and General Education collection, and provides facilities including a 24x7 collaborative learning space, Group Study Rooms and Outdoor Reading Area.
In 1972, with a donation by Wu Chung, the Library was named as the Wu Chung Library and moved into its present campus in Shatin.
On 1 July 2018, after distributing the multimedia collection to other CUHK Libraries according to the subject designation of the materials, the Library reverted to its original name as the Wu Chung Library.
After transforming from a multimedia library to a humanities-based library, the Wu Chung Library now houses the collections on Philosophy, Classical Chinese Reference (AC Class) and General Education.
The redesigned library applies the frameless transparent window walls, which located on the lower ground floor and the ground floor, to merge the indoor and outdoor for users to enjoy the waterfall and greenery.
The ground floor houses a cluster of computing facilities together with collaborative study space and five Group Study Rooms, as well as the Tien Chi Microcomputer Laboratory.
Like his father and uncle before him, he was an avid traveller and made regular overseas trips which included extended visits to Canada and Ireland.
Despite travelling for long periods each year he was nonetheless a regular exhibitor with the Southampton Art Society (SAS), Bournemouth Art Society and Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts in Dublin.
He died in Sydney on 23 September 1944 and is represented in the collections of the Southampton City Art Gallery, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Wollongong Art Gallery and New England Regional Art Museum.
Kasaysayan TV (), also shortened to KTV, is a Filipino educational television series developed by the Sky Foundation (now the Knowledge Channel Foundation) and broadcast on Knowledge Channel beginning in 2001.
It is situated southwest of Invermere, and north-northeast of Kaslo, on the northern boundary of Purcell Wilderness Conservancy Provincial Park and Protected Area.
In turn, the pass was named for Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (1851-1917), the Governor General of Canada from 1904 through 1911, who visited this pass during horseback camping trips in 1907 and 1908.
The first ascent of Mount Earl Grey was made July 16, 1928, by E. Cromwell, J. G. Hillhouse, J. Monroe Thorington, and Conrad Kain.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Earl Grey is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of Toby Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Columbia River.
Wilhelm Thöny (10 February 1888, Graz - 1 May 1949, New York City) was an Austrian painter, illustrator, graphic artist and etcher.
He first attended the Landeskunstschule (State Art School) in Graz then, from 1908 to 1912, studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich with Angelo Jank and Gabriel von Hackl.
In 1916, he was allowed to visit the prisoner-of-war camps in Broumov, Kleinmünchen (near Linz) and Mauthausen, where he made portrait studies of the prisoners; mostly Italian, Albanian, Romanian and Greek.
In 1917, he became a Lieutenant in the Reserve and was stationed on the Italian Front, where he created large-scale depictions of the battles fought there.
In this regard, he is often confused with Eduard Thöny (no relation), who was an official artist with the press corps.
After the war, he returned to Graz, where he became the founder and first President of the (1923); a modern artists' association.
In 1925, he married Thea Herrmann-Trautner; daughter of the American expatriate painter, Frank Herrmann (1866–1942), and sister of the caricaturist .
This led to a fascination with large cities so, in 1931, he left Graz and lived in Paris until 1938; precipitating a major change in his style.
During these years, he exhibited widely, receiving a gold medal at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in 1937.
On March 4, 1948, a warehouse fire destroyed over a thousand of his graphics and paintings which were being stored for an exhibition.
His surviving works may be seen at the (which held a major retrospective in 2013), Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, and the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna.
It is situated southwest of Invermere, and north-northeast of Kaslo, on the northern boundary of Purcell Wilderness Conservancy Provincial Park and Protected Area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Redtop Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains southwest into Hamill Creek, a  tributary of the Duncan River, whereas most drains into tributaries of Toby Creek, which is a tributary of the Columbia River.
Twickenham War Memorial, in Radnor Gardens, Twickenham, London, commemorates the men of the district of Twickenham who died in the First World War.
Henry VII replaced that building with Richmond Palace, which was further developed by his son Henry VIII until the latter gained possession of the even grander Hampton Court Palace in 1525.
In the 18th century the area saw the development of more modest riverside retreats for the aristocracy and the upper classes.
These villas were firstly constructed in a Palladian style, echoing the villas of the Veneto, but by the mid-century early examples of the Gothic Revival began to appear, most notably Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill House.
The park in which the memorial stands was formed from the grounds of Radnor House and Cross Deep House by Twickenham Urban District Council in 1903.
At the end of the First World War, in common with many local authorities, the council decided to erect a war memorial to commemorate the dead of the district.
Brown had trained at the Hanley School of Art and the National Art Training School, followed by study at the Royal Academy Schools.
The figure is depicted walking in service dress and greatcoat, holding a rifle in one hand, with the other hand lifting up a cap to wave above his head.
The Cambridge War Memorial has a similar composition of a soldier marching home cheerfully holding a helmet, and the Lancashire Fusiliers Boer War Memorial in Bury, Greater Manchester, is an earlier example of a memorial sculpture of a soldier holding aloft his headgear in celebration.
The main statue stands on a tall square plinth of Portland stone, which has bronze plaques set in four sides and a dedicatory inscription on the south side which was amended after the Second World War to recognise the dead of Twickenham in that conflict.
Three of the bronze plaques are figurative relief sculptures showing: three airmen (to the west); two women, one a nurse and the other a Voluntary Aid Detachment volunteer (north); and two naval officers and a rating (east).
The borough's coat of arms appears on small bronze plaque on the south side of the plinth, above the inscription: / / / / / / / / .
The memorial was sited to form a vista towards the Star and Garter Home for disabled servicemen, previously located on Richmond Hill to the northeast.
It was unveiled by Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet, on 2 November 1921, at a ceremony attended by a band from the Royal Military School of Music at Kneller Hall nearby and a large crowd sheltering under umbrellas against the continuous rain.
The Passage of the Grande Honnelle was a battle between troops of the British First and Third Armies and German Empire forces during the Hundred Days Offensive of the First World War.
General Horne’s objective was to cross the French border into Belgium and forge a passage through the parallel rivers of the Grand Honnelle and Petite Honnelle, moving the battlefront towards the line between Mons on the left and Aulnios on the right.
In October 1918, the First and Third British Armies had broken through the Hindenburg Line, at the Second Battle of Cambrai.
Together with the failing German morale, this convinced many Allied commanders and political leaders that the war could be brought to an end in 1918; previously, all efforts had been concentrated on building up forces to mount a decisive attack in 1919.
In the aftermath of the Battle of Valenciennes on 1 November, the German Army was in retreat, to such an extent that Field Marshall Haig ordered a general advance, telling divisions to act vigorously on their own initiative so as to keep the Germans from establishing a firm line.
On 4 November the 3rd and 4th Canadian divisions arrived on both sides of the Valenciennes–Mons road; their front extended from Condé in the north to Marchipont in the south.
The 56th (London) Infantry Division and 11th (Northern) Division were further south; their front extended from Rombies to Jenlain, with Third Army on the right.
Patrols from the 87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards), a unit of the 4th Canadian Division, crossed the Aunelle River, marking the liberation by the Canadians of the first part of occupied Belgium.
The 13th and 14th London Regiments failed to clear the area, however, the 1/5th London Regiment successfully secured Angreau in a tough battle along the Grande Honnelle.
Four battalions advanced through Roisin: the 9th (Yorkshire Hussars) West Yorkshire Regiment, 6th Lincolnshire Regiment, 7th South Staffordshire Regiment and 9th Sherwood Foresters (Nottingham and Derbyshire Regiment).
However, there was to be no let up and both XXII Corps and Canadian Corps were to continue the advance the following day, their objective being the railway line between Mons and Aulnois to the south.
When the 11th (Northern) Infantry Division finally reached the left bank of the Grande Honnelle river they were unable to cross due to heavy enemy fire from the wooded slopes on the opposite bank, the Bois Caillouquibique d'Angre.
When troops of the 56th (London) Infantry Division crossed the river to the east of Angreau they were immediately driven back to the left bank by a counterattack from Bois de Beaufort.
Further north, men of the 56th Division crossed the Grande Honelle twice at Angre, reaching the high ground between Onnezies and Baisieux; again they were driven back by the enemy but managed to establish a bridgehead on the right bank of the river.
During the night the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division came forward from a welcome rest at St. Pol, in relief of the 168th Brigade, 56th Division, west of Bois d'Audregnies.
The 56th Division was then on a single brigade front, with the 11th Division on the right and the 63rd on the left.
The 4th Canadian Division advanced through more favourable terrain, allowing the deployment of artillery that helped in the capture of Quievrechain on the French side of the river.
Pushing east, the Canadians crossed the border, forced a passage across the Grand Honelle between Angre and Quivrain, and went on to take part of the village of Baisieux, which lies on the sister river of La Petite Honnelle, about 1.5 miles north of Angre, where the 56th Division had made their bridgehead.
Baisieux would be a strategic loss for the Germans, posing a threat to their line of retreat from the attack of XXII Corps in the south.
This battle would be the last feat of arms of the 4th Canadian division in the war: during the night of 6-7 November the division was replaced by the 2nd Canadian Division.
Further north, beyond the Mons-Valenciennes railway line, the 3rd Canadian Division continued their advance between the River Escaut and the Mons-Conde canal, reaching the outskirts of the French village of Crespin.
Major Dudley Ward describes the action from the perspective of the 56th Division:The German rearguards were only able, on especially favourable positions, to check the advance of a few divisions; on the whole the rearguards were being thrown back on the main retreating force.
The roads were packed with enemy troops and transport, and the real modern cavalry, the low-flying aeroplanes, swooped down on them, with bomb and machine gun spreading panic and causing the utmost confusion.
During the night of 6-7 November the 63rd Division was put into line on the front of the 168th Brigade, and the 169th was relieved by the 167th Brigade.
The 56th Division was then on a single brigade front, with the 11th Division on the right and the 63rd on the left.
At dawn on the 7th patrols found that the enemy was still in front of them, and at 9 a.m. the brigade attacked with the 8th Middlesex on the right and the 7th Middlesex on the left.
They swept on through the northern part of the wood, and by 10.30 a.m. the 7th Middlesex entered the village of Onnezies.
The 3rd Canadian Division continued its progression and liberated La Croix et Hensies, while just before midnight the 2nd Division took the villages of Bois-de-Boussu, Petit Hornu, Bois-de-Epinois and a portion of Bois-de-Leveque.
Major Dudley Ward continues his description:Explosions and fires, which were continually observed at night behind the enemy lines, were more numerous on the night of 7th/8th, and when the advance was continued at 8 a.m., the two Middlesex battalions occupied the villages of Athis and Fayt-le-Franc with practically no opposition.
Railhead was at Aubigny-au-Bac, and supply lorries were unable to proceed any farther than the Honnelle River owing to the destruction of the bridges.
All traffic was thrown on the main roads, which, to the west of the river, were now in such a state that all supplies were late.
The 56th Division marched forward through the villages of Coron, Rieu-de-Bury, Quevy-le-Grand, and Quevy-le-Petit, and by the evening were on the line of the Mons-Maubeuge road behind a line of outposts held by the 1st London Regt.
Although the main attack on the 6th had not been a total success for the allied forces, General Horne's First Army had established bridgeheads across the Grande Honnelle and threatened the retreat of the German army via Baisieux.
As day became night, the evening patrols soon discovered that the enemy had indeed begun a retreat, meeting little opposition along the length of the First Army's front.
During the night, the 56th Division crossed the Grande Honnelle, occupying the high ground northeast of Angre - unlike the actions during the previous day when they were twice forced to retreat from the same region, this advance went unopposed, setting the tone for the next few days.
The advance was now continuous and almost unopposed by enemy infantry; however, isolated machine-gun detachments and sporadic artillery fire continued to cause casualties as what had been a battle became a pursuit.
As Horne had predicted, the progress of the advance was mainly governed by the state of the roads, and the ability to get rations to the forward troops.
The Canadian troops reached Mons late on the night of 10 November and on the morning of 11 November, having fought seven major battles, Horne's First Army entered Mons, where the first battle of the war had taken place in 1914.
The order of battle for this phase of the final advance included units of General Horne's First Army and General Byng's Third Army.
It was one of the largest ships of its time and could be, as recorded by a subordinate of sir Henry Middleton, easily identified from miles away.
It mainly acted as a Hajj ship and could carry 1000–1500 pilgrims at a time, though it also carried various Indian commodities for trading.
The ship was captured by the Portuguese in the year 1613, despite having the necessary pass issued by the Portuguese themselves that guaranteed protection to it.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 1,749, out of 955 are males and 794 are females.
The government established the Pilgrim Route of John Paul II (16 sites) in 2007 though there are many more sites that attract local pilgrims.
There are many sites visited by residents of the same parish or deanery, or sites that saw their devotion diminish through the years.
Priest Robertas Gedvydas Skrinskas in his 1999 guide to pilgrimage sites counted more than 100 Marian images that are considered miraculous and 25 sites of Marian apparitions.
Such delayed development was caused by the late Christianization of Lithuania in 1387 and the slow adoption of Christianity among the population that still worshiped pagan gods.
The first known pilgrimage took place in 1604 when Bishop organized a Jesuit pilgrimage from Vilnius to the Mother of God of Trakai.
Vilnius attracted pilgrims not only with the Calvary, but also with the relics of Saint Casimir in Vilnius Cathedral (dedicated Chapel of Saint Casimir was completed in 1636) and Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn (dedicated chapel was completed in 1671).
During the Soviet anti-religious campaign in 1958–1964, the authorities of the Lithuanian SSR took active measures to hinder the pilgrims and destroy several pilgrimage sites – chapels of Verkiai and were demolished while crosses were removed from the Hill of Crosses.
In 1993, during his visit to Lithuania, Pope John Paul II visited several key pilgrimage sites, including the Gate of Dawn, Hill of Crosses, and Šiluva.
In 2007, for the 15th anniversary of his visit, Lithuanian bishops and Lithuanian government established a pilgrim route of Pope John Paul II with 14 sites; two more sites were added in 2009.
In 2013, several Municipalities of Lithuania established several routes inspired by Camino de Santiago (St. James Way) that connect different churches of St. James in different regions of Lithuania.
Johannes Patz from well knowh Swedish family of curlers, which includes his father Flemming (who is also a coach, his aunt (Flemming's sister) Susanne, and his uncle (Flemming's brother) Rickard Hallström (also a coach).
José Francisco Walter Ormeño Arango (3 December 1926 – 4 January 2020) was a Peruvian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Born in Lima, Ormeño played for Universitario de Deportes, Huracán de Medellín, Mariscal Sucre, Boca Juniors, Rosario Central, Alianza Lima, América and Atlante.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 2,845, out of 1,501 are males and 1,344 are females.
Paul Barbato (Born 7 June 1987) is an American filmmaker, best known for being the founder and the host of the YouTube channel Geography Now, a channel which tries to profile every UN-member country.
Paul Barbato was born on the 7th of June, 1987 in Minnesota, United States to a father of Half-Korean and Half-Italian heritage and to a mother of Half-Korean and Half-Irish and French heritage.
Paul Barbato started the Geography Now channel in August 2014, however activity and promotion of the channel didn't start until October, where he released two videos on both his old Paul Barbato and his new Geography Now channel explaining his fresh idea of creating videos about every UN-member country in the world and his feelings about it.
The YoungPost section of the South China Morning Post ranked Geography Now as one of the 7 best YouTube channels that will improve grades.
China Tower Corporation Limited (), China Tower in short form, is a state-owned telecommunication company in providing telecommunication tower construction, tower maintenance, ancillary facilities management, and other services through Mainland China.
China Tower was established in July 2014 by merging the telecom tower businesses among China's three telecom giants - China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom, which are customers and shareholders of China Tower.
It was listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 8 August 2018 at a price of HK$1.26 per share which raised US$6.9 billion.
The men's decathlon event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 26 and 27 August 1989.
The Austro-Hungarian compromise and its supporting parliamentary parties remained bitterly unpopular among the ethnic Hungarian voters, and the continuous successes of the pro-compromise Liberal Party in the Hungarian parliamentary elections caused long lasting frustration among Hungarian voters.
The ethnic minorities had the key-role in the political maintenance of the compromise in Hungary, because they were able to vote the pro-compromise liberal parties into the position of the majority/ruling parties of the Hungarian parliament.
The pro-compromise liberal parties were the most popular among ethnic minority voters, however the Slovak-Serb-Romanian minority parties have remained unpopular among the ethnic minorities.
The nationalist Hungarian parties - which were supported by the overwhelming majority of ethnic Hungarian voters - have always remained in the opposition.
The Liberal Party had been ruling Hungary for almost 30 years with an iron hand and at the service of the Hungarian elite.
The Széll Government managed to temporarily break through this obstruction in 1902 by concluding an agreement with the opposition parties, but from 1903 the opposition re-applied the obstruction.
He also insisted on a change in the house rules of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Diet, in order to deal with the obstruction.
After a speech by István Tisza on 18 November 1904, a representative of the Liberal Party, Gábor Daniel, submitted a motion to change the house rules of the House of Representatives.
During the following commotion, the President of the House of Representatives, Dezső Perczel, suddenly declared that the proposal had been adopted and that the session was suspended.
When the parliamentary session was resumed on 13 December 1904, the opposition persisted in its obstruction and the mood rose to such an extent that the furniture of the House of Representatives was even destroyed and order services were attacked with the furniture.
The 1905 elections meant a big loss for the Liberal Party and a big win for the united opposition, but nevertheless King Franz Joseph left the Tisza Government in office for a few months.
Eventually the king appointed a new government under the leadership of the officer Géza Fejérváry, who did not have a parliamentary majority.
After about a third of the Liberal Party deputies left the party during the Hungarian crisis, the Liberal Party was finally dissolved in 1906.
Pouya Rahmani is the first gold medalist in Iran's sport history at the World Beach Games, won a gold medal at the 2019 World Beach Games in Doha.
In less than four hours, he defeated six opponents, who led the admiration of Nenad Lalović, chairman of the United World Wrestling.
At the 90+ Kg competition of the beach wrestling, in Group A, Rahmani was able to pass over Ufuk Yilmaz of Turkey 3-0.
In the third fight, he defeated Diante Cooper of US 3-0 and then Ionnis Kargiotakis of Greece 3-1 and as first one advanced to semi-final.
At the final stage, again, he defeated Yilmaz of Turkey 3-0 and brought the first gold medal in the Iranian convoy.
Jack Shook (born Loren Shook; September 11, 1910 – September 23, 1986) was an American guitarist and a Grand Ole Opry star.
He started at WSM, Nashville as a staff musician in 1934 and headed the Missouri Mountaineers on the Grand Ole Opry during the later part of the 1930s.
He played guitar with many jazz and pop acts of his day including Kate Smith, Bob Crosby, Paul Whiteman and others.
Shook served in the army during the 1940s and then returned to Nashville to form Jack, Nap and Dee along with singer Dee Simmons.
12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road is a travelling interactive performance of the collection of essays entitled 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse by USA author Andrew Boyd published in 2017.
A UK group working with Wales-based Community Interest Company Giraffe Social Enterprises began a travelling roadshow that used the Characters as a focus for encouraging communities to discuss how they are being affected by the Climate Emergency and called the roadshow 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road.
Boyd performed some of the Characters at the launch party for Dark Mountain Issue 11 held at Wild Goose Space in Bristol on 12 May 2017.
In August 2017, a group from Giraffe Social Enterprises, a community interest company in Wales, began a travelling performance of the monologues to encourage community-wide conversations about the challenge of climate change.
Others have taken place at festivals, cafes, empty warehouses, and the largest yet took place on 4 December 2018 at the Woodbrooke Quaker Centre in Birmingham had 45 participants from 12 different countries and ranging from 4 to 70 years of age.
They are half performances (we read the monologues and people listen for 45 minutes) and half conversations (in between every 3rd monologue there are interludes for neighbors to share with one another and after the readings are finished there is 90 minutes for an open hosted conversation).
The first trial performance happened in Norfolk in August 2017 and the first public performance happened on 13 October 2017, in Portsmouth.
There have been 20+ gatherings in Wales, England, and Scotland to date with most events taking place in private homes, some in cafes and at schools Ysgol Dewi Sant, in Wales.
Since the translation of the Characters was added to the Open Source Transifex translation site, the event began to spread internationally.
The original 12 characters published in Dark Mountain issue 11 are all extremely USA-centric and they all believe climate change is real and that it is a critical problem.
Local Route 37 Namwon–Geochang Line () is a local route of South Korea that connecting Namwon , South Jeolla Province to Geochang County, South Gyeongsang Province.
Giuliano has been CEO and Managing Director at AcrossLimits since 2001, as well as an expert evaluator for the European Commission.
She later read for a Masters in Innovation and Creativity at the Edward de Bono for the Design and Development of Thinking.
After graduating Giuliano was invited to become a visiting lecturer at the University of Malta, tutoring students on eCommerce, business and technology.
In 2001, Giuliano founded AcrossLimits Ltd, an SME providing services in the fields of consultancy, research and IT development, and project management.
As CEO and Managing Director of the company, Giuliano has developed eHealth and eLearning applications, consulted for a number of large public and private organisations on business innovation and internationalisation, and contributed to policy documents and white papers for clients including the European Parliament.
Additionally, Giuliano has developed and managed a number of research and innovation projects with an array of European partners, and provides professional online development courses under the TrainingMalta brand.
Giuliano has acted as an expert evaluator for the European Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, the Ministry of Education, University and Research (Italy), the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation and the Malta Council for Science and Technology.
Giuliano has published a number of papers on technology, most recently on entry-points into STEM fields for young people, and contributed to books on technology and education.
Besides her position at AcrossLimits, Giuliano is also a business angel at Go Beyond Investing and Rising Tide 1 Female Investment Group.
In this role she has lobbied for better representation of women in the business world, particularly in Malta and in Europe.
She has also acted as an expert and panelist for a number of panels on European women in business, and had strong links with the European Institute for Gender Equality.
She acts to encourage women to take up IT and enter into business, something which she has pursued as an Ambassador for the eSkills Malta Foundation, as a rapporteur in European Commission workshops on women in IT and through interviews in the press.
The 2004 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour.
The Arches is a heritage-listed ruin at Rocky Point Road in the former settlement of Longridge in the Australian territory of Norfolk Island.
A substantial agricultural station was developed at Longridge during the Second Settlement of Norfolk Island (1825-1855), during which time it was used as a penitentiary for doubly-convicted British felons.
During the 1830s and 40s large gaols and barracks were built at Kingston and Longridge together with the buildings necessary for the storage of crops and other goods.
The lands here were used for corn and wheat growing and pig-raising, and had been used for some farming during the First Settlement period.
The surviving sections of the building consist of stone walling, the main wall having ten arches, with another series of openings above the arches.
Although the building is said by some to have been a prisoners' barrack, this is not confirmed, and may be a confusion with the Prisoners' Barracks No 2.
There is a possibility that the building was used to store or load carts with farm produce, was used as stables, or that grain may have been stored in the building.
The scale and design of the building are intriguing as they reflect a level of extravagance not often seen in penal settlements (Port Arthur being the primary exception).
The ruined building, on account of its large size and dramatic appearance and its ability to evoke the past, is of notable aesthetic value in the Longridge landscape.
It is close to a number of surviving buildings outside of the heritage boundary, including a former cookhouse and a ration store and bakehouse, and Branka House, as well as plants introduced during the First and Second Settlement periods, including red cedar, citrus trees, banana trees and a Moreton Bay Fig.
Longridge was a major agricultural station on the Island at the time, and the building, constructed toward the end of the Second Settlement, was evidently an important part of the station's agricultural infrastructure.
The ruined building, on account of its large size and dramatic appearance and its ability to evoke a sense of the past in onlookers, is of notable aesthetic value in the Longridge landscape.
In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is one of more than 20 genera in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae, and is said to have five species.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2013 Summer Universiade, 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
The winery uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago Casa del Blanco winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2003, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP.
The winery in fact sells wine under the Vino de Pago appellation as Pago Casa del Blanco, and under the I.G.P.
Karl Heinrich von Seibt was born in Mariental (Oberlausitz), a long-established settlement on the banks of the Neisse river at the northern frontier of Bohemia, which at that time (and by many criteria till 1945) was culturally and linguistically German.
It was probably in 1751 that he entered Prague University where between 1751 and 1753 the focus of his studies was on Philosophy.
According to one source it was because he was troubled by the extent to which Prague University was dominated by Jesuits that in 1756 he switched to Leipzig University, now studying (again) Philosophy and Philology (German, French and English).
He was powerfully influenced by two leading representatives of the German enlightenment; the poet-rhetorician Christian Fürchtegott Gellert (1715-1769) and the (at the time) widely revered writer Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700-1766).
He represented a new generation, influenced by enlightenment thinking which many still found unnerving, but which in the Holy Roman Empire enjoyed strong support from the empress and from her equally formidable Prussian rival.
Seibt was one of the first at Prague University to deliver his lectures in German (rather than simply in Latin), and he also saw to it that students became familiar with (at the time) revolutionary ideas coming out of France England and Scotland.
He introduced them to the works and ideas of Pope, Gottsched, Gellert, Shakespeare and Charles Rollin, along with contemporaries such as David Hume and Charles Batteux.
One of Seibt's first known published works, which appeared in 1765, was a funeral oration celebrating Francis I, who died in August of that year.
The 1773 suppression of the Jesuits by the pope took effect relatively promptly in the Habsburg lands and removed a hitherto important source of conservative resistance to enlightenment secularism in the world of catholic education.
In 1785 he took over a full professorship in Theology and Philosophy, while surrendering his professorship embracing Ethics and Classical Literature which was taken on by August Gottlieb Meißner, the first Protestant to take a teaching post at the university for nearly 150 years.
He retired from his professorship and other appointments in 1801, the importance of his contribution to the development of teaching at the university widely acknowledged by colleagues.
By the end of the nineteenth century the abandonment of Latin as a universal language for the multi-ethnic Habsburg lands was leading not to its replacement with German but to the increased application of a series of regional languages such as (in Bohemia) Czech, and across the border to the north various Sorbian dialects.
The 2000 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour.
Initially, Schmid studied violin, viola and viola d'amore at the Akademie der Tonkunst in Munich from 1924 to 1927 and was also active as a violist in Düsseldorf in 1927.
Around 1937 he was robbed of his position by the National Socialists and initially worked as choir director in the southern German communities of Amorbach and Miltenberg as well as in Augsburg until he was enlisted as a soldier in 1940.
Although Schmid was one of the most important co-founders of the in 1951 and was one of the supporting institutions of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe, there was no employment for him until the 1950s.
Schmid was considered to be an internationally recognized Mozart expert and was one of the most important pioneers and collaborators of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe and its first edition director from 1954-1960.
In his work, however, he also devoted himself to numerous other areas of musicology, including in particular Joseph Haydn and his complete edition.
Miyuu Aoki (born 8 July 1993) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2017 World Championships, 2017 Summer Universiade, and 2018 Asian Games.
The 2020 PGA Tour Champions season is the 41st in which PGA Tour Champions, a golf tour for men age 50 and over, has operated.
The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they will have on the tour up to and including that event.
Palmer Burch (March 7, 1907 – June 28, 1990) was an American politician who served as the Treasurer of Colorado from 1971 to 1975.
He previously served in the Colorado House of Representatives from 1947 to 1949 and from 1951 to 1959 and from 1961 to 1971.
The 1999 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour.
After she graduated from Carver High School in 1964, she joined a group called the B-29ers and Arty Tolliver as a vocalist.
While most Ikettes didn't last long, Jones was one of the constant members until the end of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue in 1976.
While she was an Ikette, Jones lived in Los Angeles with her husband, while their three children lived in Texas with her grandparents.
Rikako Miura (born 13 October 1989) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2013 Summer Universiade, 2015 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Shino Magariyama (born 20 September 1987) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2014 Asian Games, 2015 World Championships, 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
The Mary G. Burdette Memorial Home, a gift of the Women's Baptist Missionary Society, was used as the National Training School for Girls in Washington.
It was opened on 9 January 2010 on the section of the line between El Valle and La Rinconada, which was opened earlier without intermediate stations.
Chiaki Sakanoue (born 20 September 1987) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2014 Asian Games, 2015 World Championships, 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Baja is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species Baja brandegeei, synonym Cheilanthes brandegeei.
The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.
The winner of the points classification (sprints) wears a green jersey, a red jersey for the winner of the mountain classification and a white jersey for the best young rider.
The Brick Train is a brick sculpture located on the outskirts of the town of Darlington, in the English county of Durham.
The sculpture is situated adjacent to Morrisons supermarket in the Morton Park shopping area to the east of Darlington town and in the civil parish of Morton Palms.
A total of 185,000 Accrington Nori bricks were used in the sculpture's construction, and it is high and long, covering an area of .
The sculpture is visible from the nearby A66 road, and was officially unveiled by Lord Palumbo of Walbrook on 23 June 1997.
The work cost £760,000, which was provided by the National Lottery Heritage Fund along with smaller contributions from Darlington Borough Council, Northern Arts and Morrisons.
Rise is a training, funding and mentorship network created by Eric and Wendy Schmidt’s Schmidt Futures initiative and the Rhodes Trust.
Its founders created the programme to identify talented students aged 15-17 who come from any geography around the world and are interested in service and leadership.
Since 2006, Eric Schmidt and his wife, Wendy Schmidt, have contributed to many charitable organisations and started philanthropic initiatives of their own, including Schmidt Futures and the Schmidt Family Foundation.
The Schmidt’s relationship with the Rhodes Trust came about in 2017, and initially, the couple committed $25 million over three years to establish the post-doctoral Schmidt Science Fellows program.
In recent years, talent has become a primary theme of the Schmidts’ philanthropy, and the couple began financing projects which develop talented people, and networks to support those people.
The website for Schmidt Futures states that before their final year of high school participants will be invited to attend a residential fellowship.
The chart measures digital performance in domestic online music services (55%), social media via YouTube views (30%), album sales (10%), network on-air time (10%), and advanced viewer votes (5%) in its ranking methodology.
In 2020, two singles have ranked number one on the chart and two music acts received an award trophy for this feat.
Bishop Pavlo Honcharuk (; born 16 January 1978) is a Ukrainian Roman Catholic prelate who serves as a Diocesan bishop of the Kharkiv-Zaporizhia since 6 January 2020.
Bishop Honcharuk was born in the Roman Catholic family of Bronislav and Mariya Honcharuk with 12 children (he is the fifth) in the Yarmolyntsi Raion of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, but grew up in the town Horodok of the neighbouring raion.
After graduation of the school education, he joined the Major Theological Seminary in Horodok in 1995; and was ordained as priest on June 22, 2002, for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilskyi, after completed his philosophical and theological study.
Peter and Paul in Kamianets-Podilskyi (2002–2005) and parish priest in Dunaivtsi (2010–2016), and meanwhile continued studies at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland, with Licentiate of Canon Law degree in 2010.
He also served as the diocesan bursar in his native diocese and since 2003 until 2020 he was Director of the diocesan Caritas.
In addition, he exercised the office of Defender of the Bond at the Diocesan Ecclesiastical Court from 2005 to 2016, the year in which he was appointed Judge of the same Court.
On January 20, 2020, he was appointed by the Pope Francis as the Diocesan Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kharkiv-Zaporizhia.
The winery uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago Vicario winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2019, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP.
The men's long jump event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 27 August 1989.
The Petit lac Jacques-Cartier is a freshwater body that flows into the rivière Jacques-Cartier Sud, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province from Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Petit Lac Jacques-Cartier is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Enclosed between the mountains, the Petit lac Jacques-Cartier has a length of , a width of and an altitude of .
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of Collins, Poitevin and Mesy lakes, the outlet of Haltère and Garneau lakes, the outlet of Lairet lake and the outlet of Doux lake.
He explored the Anticosti Island, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and, on July 24, he erected a cross in the bay of Gaspé as a sign of appropriation of the site.
During his second trip, in 1535, Cartier went up the St. Lawrence River to Hochelaga (Montreal) and spent a difficult winter in Stadaconé (Quebec).
First cartographer of the St. Lawrence, he recognizes that the gold and diamonds found turn out to be iron pyrite and quartz.
The women's high jump event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 26 and 27 August 1989.
Transmedicalism is broadly defined as the belief that being transgender is contingent upon experiencing gender dysphoria or undergoing medical treatment in transitioning.
After graduating from the University of Montpellier, he became a surgeon in general oncology in 1972, and a professor in digestive surgery and oncology.
He worked at the Curie Institute of Paris from 1992 to 1997 and became a member of the New York Academy of Sciences in 1992.
He got his PhD from the University of Montpellier in 1972 with a thesis on artificial gut with total parenteral nutrition.
He was also appointed director of the Laboratory of Nutrition and Experimental Oncology at the Cancer Institute of Montpellier in 1972, at the age of only 27.
Henri Joyeux was awarded the Antoine Lacassagne award in 1986 for his research on artificial nutrition and its therapeutic use in digestive track cancers.
He joined the Curie Institute of Paris as head of the Visceral and Digestive Surgery Department in 1992 and became a member of the New York Academy of Sciences on the same year.
Over the following years, Henri Joyeux became increasingly popular with the general public, namely because of his positions on nutrition and health.
The winery uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago de La Jaraba winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2019, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP.
He trained as an artist at the School of Design in South Kensington, and became an artist specialising in japanning, a European imitation of Asian lacquerwork.
In 1879, Bromley migrated to Victoria, where he lived in Carlton and worked as a japanner for the tin-making firm of Hughes & Harvey.
In the early 1880s, Bromley became active with the trade union movement, co-founding the Melbourne Tinsmiths, Iron-workers and Japanners' Society and serving as its first secretary.
Hughes & Harvey refused to accept the industry's eight-hour day reforms and dismissed Bromley for his advocacy, whereupon he became a freelance decorative artist and union organiser—combining his occupations by painting trade union banners.
At the 1892 election, the PPL nominated Bromley as its candidate for Carlton, and he was duly elected in April 1892.
He became the first secretary of the party, which had gone through several iterations and emerged as the United Labour Party in May 1896.
Bromley served as the party's first secretary until he was elected party leader on 3 December 1900 after William Trenwith resigned as Labour leader to take up an appointment as Commissioner of Public Works and Minister of Railways in George Turner's Cabinet.
Bromley led Labour at the 1904 Victorian state election on 1 June 1904, but resigned as leader six days after the election due to ill health, and George Prendergast replaced him.
After studying at the Conservatory in Teplice (transverse flute and recorder, later also conducting with Jan Valta), for which he was awarded the Leoš Janáček Foundation Prize in 2007, he graduated at the Charles University in Prague in the field of Historical Music Practice – Baroque Transverse Flute by Jana Semerádová (2011) and Musicology at the Faculty of Arts (2017).
He is the artistic director of Ensemble Mathesius and also performs with other ensembles such as Ensemble Inégal, with which he has participated in several recordings, Musica Florea, Capella Regia and others.
Between 2006 and 2008 he was choirmaster of the children's choir Fontána in Teplice and as a conductor he also collaborated with the North Czech Philharmonic or the Youth Forum Orchestra.
In 2005–2009 he taught at the Conservatory in Teplice, since 2014 he has been leading the recorder class at the Jan Deyl Conservatory in Prague.
Since 2013 he has been working at the Czech Academy of Sciences (2013–2018 Department of Music History of the Institute of Ethnology, since 2018 on the Institute of Czech Literature).
The Pembrokeshire Senior Cup is a football knockout tournament involving teams from in Pembrokeshire, West Wales who play in leagues administered and associated with the Pembrokeshire Association Football League.
Željko Gavrić (; born 5 December 2000) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Serbian club Red Star Belgrade.
On 29 September 2019, Gavrić scored his first hat trick as a professional in a 4-2 victory against Dinamo Vranje in the Serbian First League.
The Jacques-Cartier South River is a tributary of the rivière Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier , in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The Jacques-Cartier South River originates at Petit lac Jacques-Cartier (length: ; altitude: , located in unorganized territory du Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
From the confluence of the Jacques-Cartier North-West river, the current flows over east, south-east, then east, following the course of the [[Jacques-Cartier North West River; then on south by the course of the [[Jacques-Cartier River]] to the northeast bank of the [[Saint-Laurent river]]..
He s adventure in the New World in 1534, commissioned by François I to find gold and a passage to Asia.
He explored Anticosti Island, the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] and, on July 24, he erected a cross in the bay of Gaspé as a sign of appropriation of the site.
During his second journey, in 1535, Cartier went up the St. Lawrence River to Hochelaga ([[Montreal]]) and spent a difficult winter in Stadaconé (Quebec).
First cartographer of the St. Lawrence, he recognizes that the gold and diamonds found turn out to be iron pyrite and quartz.
Waterloo Plains massacre occurred in June 1838, when 8 - 23 Djadjawurrung Aboriginals were killed in a reprisal raid for the killing of two convict servants and theft of sheep.
In early 1837 the Barford sheep run was established by William Henry Yaldwyn, when business partner and station overseer John Coppock drove 4000 sheep from the Goulburn area to a site on a creek (later named Piper's creek) about 8 miles north of Kyneton.
John Coppock summoned between 16 - 19 convict men from Barford and surrounding stations owned by Charles Ebden (Carlsruhe station) and Dr William Bowman and H Munro.
In January 1840, George Augustus Robinson traveled to Munro's station and crossed the Coliban river locating the site of the killing on small hill behind an abandoned hut.
Geraint Frowen (born 7 May 1984) is an Welsh footballer who plays at right back and came through the academy at Leicester City before leaving for Swansea City in 2002.
The children Gerda and Kay listen to the Grandmother telling them about the Snow Queen, whereupon Kay imagines bringing the Snow Queen into the warm room and watching her melt.
Gerda tells him how the devil created a magic mirror which makes everything beautiful look ugly and that it has broken into a million tiny pieces.
She explains that anyone getting one of these splinters in their eye or heart would only see the imperfections in things; the coldness causing their hearts to become numb.
While Gerda and Kay look at the blooming roses Kay is suddenly being pierced by something into his heart and then into his eye.
From this moment on, he too only sees the imperfection of the flowers whereupon he mocks Gerda and picks the roses to pieces.
Instead of playing with her, Kay would rather play with the other boys who do not let him join their game.
She kisses him on the forehead, causing him to lose his feeling of coldness and forget the world he once knew.
Gerda has begun the search for Kay and finds herself in the Old Woman’s garden where the flowers sing her the song of the three dead sisters.
Upon meeting the Forest Crow, Gerda learns that the princess has been looking for a man who is her equal in wisdom.
Since Gerda suspects that Kay might be the chosen one the Forest Crow brings her to the castle of Prince and Princess.
The reindeer tells the Finn Woman of how Gerda was held captive by the robbers and about the assumption that Kay is with the Snow Queen.
She encourages Gerda in her search but declines to endow her with special powers, for Gerda is already in possession of all the abilities she needed to find Kay.
Meanwhile, in the Snow Queen's ice palace, Kay is confronted with the task of finding the perfect word but he is almost petrified with cold and despair.
Furthermore, the feeling which shall be expressed through music is dependent on the form, this is also evident in his creative process, which is based, for example, on the elaboration of a time structure within which the music will unfold.
Then I wanted to add the text with the singing voice, like a painter inserts his figures into the background landscape.
This project was supported by Hans Werner Henze, among others, who suggested to the composer that he compose an opera as early as the 1980s in view of the early Münchener Biennale.
Based on the design of the fairy tale, Abrahamsen developed an opera libretto in collaboration with the dramaturg Henrik Engelbrecht, which takes into account selected scenes from the fairy tale while largely preserving the original language.
The English version of The Snow Queen was written for a production with Barbara Hannigan at the Bavarian State Opera in collaboration with the British writer Amanda Holden.
The first performance of the English version took place on 21 December 2019 at the Bavarian State Opera under the musical direction of Cornelius Meister.
The Producers Guild of America Award for Best Limited Series Television, also known as the David L. Wolper Award for Outstanding Producer of Limited Series Television, is an annual award given by the Producers Guild of America.
It was first awarded at the 30th Annual Producers Guild Awards after the guild announced to split the award for Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television into two: this accolade and the award for Outstanding Producer of Streamed or Televised Movies.
He has made a number of recordings as a soloist, playing baroque oboe and related instruments such as the oboe d'amore.
Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus, commonly known as smallflower desert-chicory or Texas false dandelion, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
The Producers Guild of America Award for Best Streamed or Televised Movie, also known as the Award for Outstanding Producer of Streamed or Televised Movies, is an annual award given by the Producers Guild of America.
It was first awarded at the 30th Annual Producers Guild Awards after the guild announced to split the award for Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television into two: this accolade and the David L. Wolper Award for Outstanding Producer of Limited Series Television.
Cartel seats as monuments were the headquarters or other premises of historical, no longer existing cartels in the sense of a group of cooperating, but rivaling enterprises.
Often, these associations had been syndicate cartels being an advanced form of entrepreneurial combination because of their tight organization with a common sales agency.
Mostly, however, they have become simpler in their appearance, because later owners did not restore the original ornaments (easily recognizable at the headquarters of the Potash Syndicate (Stassfurt and Berlin, Germany) and of the Comptoir de Longwy, France).
To the monument category of large cartel seats, one could add the buildings also of historic economic planning associations, which are considered to be similar to a cartel.
However, this has not been put into practice: A number of buildings around the world have been designated and protected as historical corporate headquarters, but not a single former cartel seat has been signposted as such.
The cartel specialist Holm Arno Leonhardt pointed out in 2013 how important certain cartels had been for economic development in the 19th century, such as the sales organizations for coal and steel in the Rhine-Ruhr-area of Germany: The Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate and the German Stahlwerksverband.
The reasons for the conspicuous reluctance of the historic preservation authorities and the established historians in relation to historical cartel buildings can be found in the taboo, which after the Second World War was installed by the general cartel ban.
The Austrian cartel system was definitely dominated by the city of Vienna as the political and administrative center of Austria-Hungary or of the republican Austria.
The responsibility of these associations ranged from the wider town area (in most cases craft cartels) via Lower Austria, crownland/republic Austria, the Austrian part of the Habsburg monarchy, the whole Austria-Hungary up to an international or global reach.
In terms of architecture, the Viennese cartel residences don’t stand out: They feature the same pomp style as the neighboring buildings and are not marked with specific trade symbols.
Devasis was born into a middle-class Bengali joint-family in Kolkata, India, and shifted to Mumbai in mid-1990s after his education and initial work-life.
Devasis works as a senior corporate reputation management and brand communications strategist and writes extensively on the issues of communications as well.
The Lac Henri-Mercier is a freshwater body whose discharge spills into the rivière Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
This small valley is served by a few secondary roads serving this area for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Lac Henri-Mercier is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Enclosed between the mountains, the Petit lac Jacques-Cartier has a length of , a width of and an altitude of .
This lengthwise lake has a bulge of land attached to the south shore, and a peninsula attached to the north shore.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of Pellucide, Rothnie and Préfet lakes, as well as the outlet of Peggy Lake.
Thomas F. Ertelt (born 1 January 1955) is a German musicologist and Institut director of the State Institute for Music Research in Berlin.
In 1992 Ertelt went to the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum of the Staatliches Institut für Musikforschung Berlin (SIMPK) and has been working there in leading positions as successor of Dagmar Droysen-Reber since 1994.
He sang in London Embassy on the invitation of British High Commissioner Anwar Chowdhury on the birthday of Queen Elizabeth of Britain on Thursday, May 8, 2008.
UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.
Elements inscribed in the lists are deemed as significant bastions of humanity's intangible heritage, the highest honour for intangible heritage in the world stage.
Chart contain data generated by the SloTop50 system according to any song played during the period starting the previous Monday morning at time 00:00:00 and ending Sunday night at 23:59:59.
The Committee for the Salvation of the Homeland and the Revolution was a brief counterrevolutionary organ created in Petrograd on the night of November 7–8, 1917, during the storming of the Winter Palace by the Bolsheviks, after the procession participants returned to the building of the City Duma to help the revolutionary government besieged in their residence in order to fight against the Bolsheviks.
The committee distributed anti–Bolshevik leaflets, supported the strike of civil servants and the campaign of Kerensky–Krasnov to Petrograd, organized an armed uprising of junkers in Petrograd itself, the Mensheviks and Socialist–Revolutionaries who left the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets and others.
The Engineering Castle became the center of the uprising, and the main armed force – the cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School who were stationed in it.
For some time, the rebels managed to seize the telephone station and disconnect Smolny, arrest part of the commissars of the Military Revolutionary Committee and begin disarming the Red Guards.
By 11 a.m. on October 29, the forces of the Military Revolutionary Committee recaptured the telephone exchange and surrounded the Engineering Castle with superior forces.
In parallel, the forces of the Military Revolutionary Committee blocked a number of cadet schools in Petrograd, which in some cases was accompanied by victims.
Particularly stubborn resistance was provided by the Vladimir School, where up to 200 people died on both sides, during the assault artillery was used.
The winery uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago Calzadilla winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2011, and geographically it lies within the extent of the Uclés DOP.
The siblings work together as a team (Diego Baldenweg (composer), Nora Baldenweg (co-composer), Lionel Baldenweg (co-composer)) and together they founded the music production company GREAT GARBO in 2004.
Since then the siblings have composed and produced the music to over 300 international advertising campaigns for brands such as Carlsberg, Mastercard, Nivea, Sony and Dove.
In 2019 they composed the entire original score to the Australian teenage sci-fi series The Unlisted (ABC/Netflix) created by Justine Flynn and produced by Polly Staniford and Angie Fielder.
The Baldenweg siblings have worked with orchestras like the Czech National Symphony Orchestra, Macedonian Radio Symphony Orchestra and The City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra.
The Baldenwegs are voting members of the Art Directors Club, Swiss Film Academy, European Film Academy, Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, Swiss Media Composers Association and the Australian Guild of Screen Composers.
Editor-at-Large/Paris Director/Senior Editor (Indie), Editor-at-Large/Fashion features director (Material Girl) and was a contributing writer for Vogue Taiwan, Nylon, Dazed Digital and Wallpaper.
Daniel Mminele (born 1965), is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Absa Group Limited, a financial services conglomerate, with headquarters in Johannesburg, South Africa, and subsidiaries in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.
Prior to joining Absa Group as CEO in January 2020, Mminele spent more than 20 years at the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), where he rose through the ranks to be a Deputy Governor and a member of key committees such as the Monetary Policy Committee and Financial Stability Committee.
He retired from the SARB in June 2019, after his second consecutive five-year term as Deputy Governor came to an end.
He went to school in Germany, and was trained as a banker at Sparkasse Paderborn, in association with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of East-Westphalia (Bielefeld), obtaining his banking qualification in 1987.
He also later obtained various associate certificates from the Chartered Institute of Bankers of the United Kingdom, attending classes for these at City of London Polytechnic (later Guildhall University).
Mminele spent eight years (1987 to 1995) in various roles at the Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, at its offices in Düsseldorf and London.
He returned to South Africa in 1995, then spent about two years at Commerzbank, working as a customer relations manager in corporate banking, and about equal time at African Merchant Bank, as a project and structured finance specialist, based in Johannesburg.
He takes over as chief executive officer at Absa Group, on 15 January 2020, the first person of African descent to serve in at role.
In 2018, the German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier bestowed the Great Order of Merit to Mminele for his work in promoting German-South African relations.
Since joining the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1999, he has also worked in Tokyo, Rabat, New York, and at the House of Commons.
In 2018, the then Paraguayan Foreign Minister Eladio Loizaga said at a press conference that he called in Hedges to express discomfort over a tweet that Hedges had made after the Supreme Court of Paraguay overturned the conviction of 12 farmers in a case relating to the violent deaths of 6 police officers and 11 rural workers in 2012.
Steiermärkische Bank und Sparkassen AG was founded in 1825 as an association savings bank and was thus the first financial institution in Styria.
It is a universal bank with services for private clients, small and medium-sized enterprises, private banking clients, large companies, institutional clients and the public sector.
Mount Tempü (also known as Mount Iso) is a peak rising at the mountainous border of Manipur and Nagaland in India.
With a height of 2994 m above sea level, Tempü is the highest peak in present day Indian state of Manipur.
The nearest airport is Dimapur Airport at Dimapur near the Assam border about 96 kilometres (60 miles) away from Viswema while the Bir Tikendrajit International Airport is located about 120 kilometres (75 miles) south of Viswema.
A member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party, he is most notable for his service as Attorney General of Minnesota from 1936 to 1939.
He was the son of Robert Milton Ervin and Malzena (Cole) Ervin, and his family moved to Minnesota when he was six months old.
In 1936, he was appointed Attorney General when Harry H. Peterson resigned to accept appointment to the Minnesota Supreme Court, and he served until 1939.
During World War II, he was a United States Commissioner authorized to perform certain judicial functions of Minnesota's federal district court.
From 1943 to 1947 he served as assistant commissioner of the land office for Hennepin County, and he served as commissioner from 1947 to 1949.
He died in Minneapolis on April 2, 1951, after suffering a heart attack while walking on a street near his home.
The 10th edition of World Para Ice Hockey Championships (originally named IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships) was held in 2019.
The main event (Tournament A) was hosted by Ostrava, Czech Republic The first matches were played on April 27 and the championships concluded with the final game played on May 4.
It was the second time Ostrava World Para Ice Hockey Championships, as Ostrava hosted the Championships 10 years ago in 2009.
It also broke record for single game as the semifinal of hosting team agains United States and bronze medal match agains South Korea saw 8,600 spectator each, both surpassing the record from 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City.
Tournament C was held in Vierumäki, Finland, from November 6 to 8, 2018, with three teams competing: Australia, China, and Finland.
The top two teams from Group A advanced directly into semi-finals while the remaining two teams together with the best two teams from Group B advanced to quarter-finals.
The top two teams then advanced to A-Pool for championships in 2021 while the last team was relegated to 2020 C-Pool.
Only the top five goaltenders, based on save percentage, who have played at least 40% of their team's minutes, are included in this list.
Other works may also be included in the definition that, although they deal with other topics, include sensitive information about military matters.
For example: description of specific battles, sieges, general campaigns, reports of military authorities, commented works about ground or naval battles, etc...
Considering the various aspects of the war, the armies and the military operations, a chronology of military treatises allows to locate each work within a timeline , facilitating its consultation and comparison with similar works.
This chronology includes actual military treatises together with some works related to the subject (military expeditions or campaigns, descriptions of sieges and others).
Facilities in Petersham Park include a cricket oval, rotunda, children's playground and public swimming pool in the Fanny Durack Aquatic Centre.
On Mondays, an Inner West Council initiative called the Magic Yellow Bus visits the park to offer free activities for kids 6 and under.
Originally part of the Petersham Town Hall, the ANZAC Memorial gates at the Brighton Street entrance to the park were re-erected in their current location in 1921.
On 27 November 1926, Cricket legend Donald Bradman scored his first century in grade cricket at Petersham Park as an 18 year old playing for St George against Petersham.
Between 2012-2014 the pool was closed for a refurbishment which included replacement of the six lane, 33 metre pool with an eight lane, 25 metre pool.
In February 2015, local residents and community action group Save Petersham Park organised a picnic and hundreds of signed complaints to protest an UrbanGrowth proposal to remove approximately 80 houses and build WestConnex exit roads into the park area.
Kul-chur inscription or Küli Čor inscription was an inscription erected in honor of a military leader called Kul Chur of the Xueyantuo.
Thus, it is possible to argue that the name of Küli Çor before he received his hero name (er at) was Tonyukuk.
The author considered that the personal name of Küli Çor was Tonyukuk, however this person was not in fact the known Tonyukuk, since his known title was Boyla Baγa Tarqan and especially based on the name Qapaghan Qaghan to be mentioned in the third line, it was not possible for Küli Çor to die after 716.
It is worth noting that the name or title unity in the first line of the Küli Çor inscription should be considered with the name Tonyukuk mentioned both in Tonyukuk and Küli Çor inscriptions, although both are not related to the famous Tonyukuk.
Reynhard Tambos Maruli Tua Sinaga (born 19 February 1983) is an Indonesian serial rapist who was convicted of 159 sex offences, including 136 rapes of young men committed in Manchester, England, between 2015 and 2017, where he was living as a mature student.
He was found guilty of drugging and sexually assaulting 48 men during this period, 44 of whom he raped, although the police believe he was offending for years beforehand.
Sinaga was prosecuted in four trials between 2018 and 2020 and was given 88 concurrent life sentences with a minimum term of 30 years.
Sinaga is believed by police to have raped or assaulted at least 195 men in Manchester, having waited for them outside at nightclubs, pubs, and similar venues in the early hours.
After completing a degree in Architecture at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Indonesia in Depok in 2006, he moved to the UK on a student visa and began to study in August 2007 at Manchester University, where he completed a MSc degree in Planning in 2009 and an MA in Sociology in 2011.
While in England Sinaga attended St Chrysostom's Church, a liberal congregation of the Church of England, and the church provided Sinaga with a character reference for his trial.
Remaining in Manchester, he began to study for a Leeds University PhD in August 2012 on human geography, which he did not complete.
While in Manchester, Sinaga lived openly as a gay man, living not far from Manchester's gay village, and reportedly had many boyfriends.
He would wait for men leaving nightclubs and bars before leading them to his flat, often offering them somewhere to have a drink or call a taxi.
Giving them a drugged drink, believed to have been spiked with GHB, Sinaga would then assault the victims while they were unconscious and video the attack with a mobile phone.
He rarely used condoms when penetrating his victims; despite this, he was found negative for sexually transmitted infections upon his arrest.
At the time his sentence was announced in January 2020, almost all of Sinaga's victims were known to have been heterosexual young men, with three exceptions.
In June 2017, his last victim, an 18-year old, regained consciousness during the rape, fought off his attacker, and reported the incident to the police.
Sinaga was badly beaten and was taken to hospital, while police initially arrested his victim on suspicion of grievous bodily harm.
Subsequent examination of Sinaga's two iPhones by the police led to the discovery of 3.29TB of digital video evidence of the assaults and rapes.
Although the earliest case to be tried in courts stems from 2015, police believe Sinaga began the attacks in 2005, two years before he arrived in the UK.
The man, a heterosexual like the majority of Sinaga's victims, could remember nothing when he awoke the next day in his abuser's flat covered in vomit.
Because of the false concern from Sinaga, like others, he expressed concern for imposing on his host before leaving; he had been raped twice.
Sinaga pleaded 'not guilty' to all charges made against him with the result that his victims had to endure relating evidence in court and the videos being shown to the jurors and others present at the trials.
In his own defence, he claimed to have been playing sex games with the other man playing dead in order to fulfil his fantasies.
He claimed that the encounters were consensual, a claim found to be false as victims were heard snoring in the videos.
The four trials took place between 1 June and 10 July 2018 covering 13 victims, 1 April to 7 May 2019 with 12 victims, 16 September to 4 October 2019 covering 10 victims, and December 2019 with 13 victims, a total of 48 named victims out of at least 195 Sinaga is believed to have raped while they were unconscious.
Sinaga was convicted of 136 counts of rape, 14 counts of sexual assault, eight counts of attempted rape and one count of assault by penetration.
Reporting restrictions were in place until the conclusion of his last trial, after which his crimes were made public for the first time.
The charity Safeline reported a record increase in calls to its hotline for male sexual abuse survivors in the aftermath of the case, with Safeline founder Duncan Craig stating that it had started a national conversation regarding men opening up about sexual abuse.
After Sinaga's conviction, the mayor of Depok in Indonesia, Mohammad Idris, announced that he planned to order raids on the local LGBT community.
The announcement was swiftly condemned by human rights activists saying that conservatives in Indonesia were using Sinaga as an excuse to target the gay community in the country.
On 16 January, after Sinaga's case was referred by the Crown Prosecution Service to the Attorney General, it was referred by him to the Court of Appeal for being too lenient.
The series was announced on 24 July 2019 when it was confirmed that two series would air in 2020, and is also the first winter edition of the series.
On 17 December 2019, Flack announced that she would be standing down as host following allegations of assault towards her boyfriend.
These include Eve and Jess Gale, who are the second set of twins to compete in the show following John and Tony Alberti in 2015.
This list of toys and children's media awards is an index to articles about notable awards related to toys and other products such as books and videos for children.
Flemming Patz is from well a known Swedish family of curlers, which includes his brother Rickard Hallström (who is also a coach), his sister Susanne, and his son Johannes .
IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence (IREG Observatory) is an international Nonprofit organisation created in 2009 consisting of Universities, ranking organisations and third-party organisations associated with academics and university ranking.
Also, the organisation is responsible for awarding organisations with the IREG Ranking Seal of Approval acknowledging the recipient's engagement and initiatives in relation to university ranking.
IREG Observatory was first founded in Warsaw, Poland in 2002 and was in 2009 transformed into the non-profit organisation, IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence, it is today.
Its foundation was a result of a collaborative initiative between the UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education (UNESCO-CEPES) and a broad variety of ranking experts from different international ranking organisations.
The purpose of creating the International Ranking Expert Group (IREG) was to create a specialised community consisting of ranking analysts and experts to process a variety of issues and topics related to international university ranking.
- The organisation is responsible for awarding organisations with the IREG Ranking Seal of Approval acknowledging the recipient's engagement and initiatives in relation to university ranking.
- The Berlin principles is list of 16 principles that has been accepted as being indicators of what defines 'good' ranking and what topics should be considered in relation to ranking.
- The list on national rankings is an initiative which has the purpose of gathering and displaying various rankings in order to generate easy access to ranking information.
- This list has been composed to function as a comprehensive map of international academic awards and rank these compared to one another.
- These Guidelines have been established to improve quality, assure reliability of information, and give the users of International rankings functionality and trustworthiness in term of gathering information on the topic.
Furthermore, these Guidelines are supplemented by the findings of the other IREG initiatives in order to have a broad and comprehensive framework.
After the film's initial release in April 2009, director Tim Huebschle filmed some more documentary shots during the removal of the Reiterdenkmal in August 2009 which were subsequently edited into the end credits of the film.
The winery uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago de Vallegarcía winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2019, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP.
The rest of the lineup of the group is fluid, however common collaborators include Karl Blau, Lori Goldston, Kimya Dawson, Kyle Field, Dylan Carlson and Adrienne Davies.
Your Heart Breaks was started by Petersen in Bellingham, Washington in 1998 whilst studying film production and stop motion animation at Western Washington University.
A concept album inspired by the writings of LGBTQI authors, it explores an array of stories surrounding the queer community in the 20th Century.
She has a number of works of public art, some in her on name and some made collaboratively with other artists, on display in the English Midlands.
In 1978, she painted a series of three murals on the gable ends of terraced houses at the eastern end of Heathfield Road, Handsworth, Birmingham, in conjunction with Renn and Steve Field.
Woof, Renn, Field, David Patten and Derek Jones worked jointly as the West Midlands Public Art Collective, which was active circa 1987.
Her works include the ornamental height restrictor at Kings Norton railway station, Birmingham, and several other commissions for public transport interchanges, for CENTRO (later Transport for West Midlands).
Sumit Rathi (born 26th August 2001) is an Indian footballer who plays for Indian football club ATK and also for the India national under-20 football team.
He started his career at AIFF Elite Academy, later joining Indian Arrows who play in the I-League for the 2017–18 season.
Vinicius da Cunha Munhoz (born 11 December 1978), known as Vinicius Munhoz, is a Brazilian football manager, currently in charge of Red Bull Brasil.
Born in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Munhoz started his career in 1999 as a fitness coach of Internacional de Santa Maria's under-20 squad.
In 2005, Munhoz was hired by the Brazilian Football Confederation to work as a fitness coach and assistant of Jorge Barcellos at the women's under-20 national team.
Between 2007 and 2008 he worked at Esportivo as a fitness coach before rejoining Barcelos' staff at the women's national team for the 2008 Summer Olympics.
In 2009, Munhoz followed Barcelos to Saint Louis Athletica in Women's Professional Soccer, being later a technical coordinator at Fragata Futebol Clube.
In 2013, after a stint back at Grêmio's under-20 squad as a fitness coach, he joined Audax's subsidiary teams: starting with Osasco FC's under-20s, he later managed Grêmio Osasco's under-20 and senior squads in 2014 before taking over Audax's first team in 2015.
After reaching the round of 32 of the year's Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior, he returned to Audax, being in charge of the club during the year's Série D.
In December 2019, after Ferroviária's change of ownership, Munhoz was offered a board role, but opted to leave the club and joined Red Bull Brasil.
The following 2 January, after Antônio Carlos Zago left to Kashima Antlers, Munhoz was named interim manager of Red Bull Bragantino.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Before the Holy See and Yemen established diplomatic relations, the Holy See represented its interests in Yemen through delegations with regional responsibilities, first the Apostolic Delegation to the Red Sea Region established by Pope Paul VI on 3 July 1969 and then the Apostolic Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula established by Pope John Paul II on 26 March 1992.
The 2020 All Thailand Golf Tour is the 22nd season of the All Thailand Golf Tour, the main professional golf tour in Thailand since it was established in 1999.
After his doctorate, he worked as a researcher at the Japan Society for the Protection of Science and then from 1991 was senior researcher at the then Communications Research Laboratory of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.
Educated at Punahou School, he was in the right place at the right time to make a lot of money in the sugar plantation market.
California entrepreneur Claus Spreckels offered him a separate partnership in 1881, a union that would come to include the Spreckels interests in sugar plantations, and have subsidiaries in banking activities and ship building.
Two decades later, after amassing a fortune in his association with Spreckels, Irwin moved away from the plantation activities and relocated to San Francisco, where he continued his affiliations with financial institutions.
His only child Helene married the first time into the wealthy Crocker family of California, and through her second marriage to Paul I. Fagan, became an owner of the San Francisco Seals baseball team.
The school was established for children of missionaries, but later included children of Hawaii's royalty, and one future United States President, Barack Obama.
After working for other businessmen for several years, and shortly after the passage of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875, Irwin partnered with John Smith Walker and Zephaniah Swift Spalding to form William G. Irwin & Co. That partnership was terminated in 1880.
Irwin was president of the Paauhau and the Kilauea Sugar companies, held stock in other sugar companies, and was one of the March 1882 founders of the Planters Labor and Supply Company.
He represented Hawaii at the 1900 Exposition Universelle (world's fair) in Paris, and was subsequently awarded the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the nation of France.
He partnered with California entrepreneur Claus Spreckels in 1881 to form W. G. Irwin & Co. to handle the Spreckels family interests in Hawaii.
Incorporated by Irwin, former California governor Frederick Low and Spreckels, on January 1, 1884, it's purpose was to circulate the Kalākaua coinage in Hawaii, and to float loans to the monarchy and government officials.
The only other bank in Hawaii was Bishop & Company, and proliferation of sugar money necessitated that other banks be allowed incorporation.
Towards that end, the legislature passed what became known as the Banking Act of 1884, signed into law by Kalākaua on August 11.
After the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Spreckels found himself at odds over the issue with other planters, and supported Liliʻuokalani's return to the throne.
If Hawaii were annexed, the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act would likely apply to the islands and cut deeply into the plantation labor supply.
He eventually abandoned his Hawaii involvement, and left the Hawaii business for Irwin and his sons John D., Claus August and Adolph to manage.
By 1904, he was becoming less active with his Hawaiian sugar interests, and built a home in San Francisco with a scenic view of the Golden Gate Bridge.
That was followed by his association with Savings Union Bank and Trust Company in 1909, and with the Mercantile National Bank in 1910.
Her first marriage in 1911 was to Charles Templeton Crocker, a banker, playwright, and part of the extended wealthy Crocker family in California.
On her wedding day, Irwin gave her a gift of $1,000,000 in investments, and the news media estimated the couple's combined wealth and potential inheritances at $20,000,000.
The Fagans invested in a ranch on Molokai, as well as a luxury resort hotel at Hana on the island of Maui.
Brocks Corner (previously known as Brox Corner, Bronx Corner, or Springer) is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States.
It is located northwest of Jackson at the intersection of U.S. Route 35 and Bronx Corner Road (County Road 27), at .
The community is named after the Brock family, the original settlers, a number of whom are buried in the Brocks Corner Cemetery.
The song was written by Sarah Hudson, Clarence Coffee Jr, Jason Evigan and Lipa, with production handled by Evigan and Koz.
It was released on 31 January 2020 through Warner Records on digital platforms globally and contemporary hit radio in the United Kingdom.
The Pago de Los Balagueses branch uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago de Los Balagueses was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2011, and geographically it lies within the extent of the Utiel-Requena DOP.
There were total of 2,756 male persons and 2,406 females and a total number of 559 children of 6 years or below in the village.
Marty St. George is interim chief commercial officer (CCO) of Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavia's largest airline, and Europe's third largest low-cost airline.
It was supported by a number of Evangelical members of the Church of Ireland, as well as members of the society in England.
The Church of St Michael is a Church of England parish church on Chester Square in the Belgravia district of West London.
It was built in 1844 at the time of the construction of the rest of the square, and consecrated two years later.
The War Memorial Chapel at the north east end of the church was designed by Giles Gilbert Scott and completed in 1920.
The stained glass West Window is by Hugh Easton and two windows to the south are by Morris & Co and date to 1882.
An appeal for a fictitious poverty stricken child nicknamed 'Sally in our Alley' attracted 212,000 gifts from listeners and a prayer appeal in 1936 resulted in 5.5 million signed prayer cards.
St. Michael's House, at 2 Elizabeth Street, in nearby Victoria was built as a 'clubhouse' for St Michael's in the 1930s under the stewardship of the incumbent Reverend W H Elliott.
Born in Northeim, Blumröder studied musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in Breisgau with Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, philosophy and history of the .
After assistant professorships at the University of Bonn in the winter semester of 1991/92 and at the Saarland University in the summer semester of 1995, he accepted an appointment as professor for contemporary music at the Musicological Institute of the University of Cologne in the winter semester of 1996/97.
Founded in 1946 by Henri Gerlinger (1899–1959), it is located since 1985 in the former Carthusian monastery, which had been active from 1598 until its disbandment during the French Revolution, in 1792.
The museum includes the great cloister, several reconstructed monastic cells, and some 18th-century reception rooms, and is in part dedicated to the history of the premises.
Annabel Kanabus was born Annabel Sainsbury and is the fourth child born to the late Sir Robert Sainsbury and the late Lisa Sainsbury.
School holidays were spent at the family home in Bucklebury, Berkshire, where because of her father's art collection there were Giacometti and Picasso drawings on the walls and a Henry Moore sculpture in the garden.
In 1978 Annabel & Peter Kanabus gave to charity most of Annabel's inherited fortune of £3 million.The money was initially put into a charitable trust, the Bucklebury Trust.
Around 1985 Annabel started learning about HIV/AIDS and along with her husband Peter decided to set up a charity which they called AVERT.
WHO sent a copy to the government of every country as an example of good practice in educating young people about HIV & AIDS.
In 1989 Annabel & Peter gave AVERT an endowment of £3 million, all the remaining money from the Bucklebury Trust, to fund those projects which it would other wise be difficult to raise money for.
In 1995 the World Wide Web came to the South of England and the first information was put up on www.avert.org for World AIDS Day 1995.
As well as her work on HIV/AIDS, Annabel also spoke out about the need for more funding for medical research generally, as well as the need for better health education.
Jason left a large legacy to the Princes Trust and Annabel and her husband were initially unclear as to whether this donation was going to be used correctly.
In 2007 Annabel was once more visiting South Africa on behalf of AVERT, and specifically a doctor Colin Pfaff, who wanted to give additional anti HIV drugs to women to prevent their children being born infected with HIV.
Annabel arranged for AVERT to buy the drugs and was supported by the South African HIV Clinicians' Society when Colin Pfaff was charged with misconduct.
But during her time at AVERT she had not only developed an expert knowledge of HIV/AIDS but she had also learnt about and started to speak out about the deadly effects of TB & HIV co-infection and about TB prevention & care in England.
Annabel is also a co-investigator on a research project concerning head & neck cancer which has received an award of £260,302 from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
In January 2019 Annabel spoke about the research and the effect of cancer on her life, at the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre annual meeting.
Avraham (Avi) Gover (Hebrew: אברהם גובר; born: 6 July 1945) is an Israeli professor of Electrical Engineering in the Physical Electronics Department of the Engineering Faculty at Tel Aviv University, specializing in Quantum Electronics and FEL (free-electron laser) Physics.
Avraham Gover was born in Lvov, Poland to holocaust survivor parents – Hella and Aharon Graubart, and emigrated to Israel with his family in 1949.
Under the supervision of Prof. Amnon Yariv, Gover authored the thesis Wave Interactions in Periodic Structures and Periodic Dielectric Waveguides, laying foundation for the theory of electron beam radiators and Free Electron Lasers (FEL) in the high gain regime.
During his Ph.D. studies, Gover was also a consultant at Meret - Electro-Optic Industry and at Heliotech, division of Spectrolab, involved in first development of Vertical Multi-Junction Solar Cells.
In 1976 Gover became a Research Fellow in Caltech, and in 1977 he joined Tel Aviv University as a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Physical Electronics of the Engineering faculty of Tel Aviv University.
Gover served as the Head of the Kranzberg Institute of Electronic Devices Research, at Tel Aviv University in 1984-1985, and became a full professor in 1991.
In 1988, Gover founded and headed a consortium for the development of the first Israeli FEL facility, including Tel-Aviv University, Weizmann Institute, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and NRC.
In 2003 Gover founded the FEL National Knowledge Center for Radiation Sources and Applications of the Israeli Ministry of Science – a collaboration of Tel Aviv and Ariel Universities - and he heads it since.
Gover was holding the Ludwig Jokel Chair of Electronics at Tel-Aviv University during 2006-2010, and in 2011 he retired from Tel Aviv as professor emeritus.
Gover has mentored over 40 Master and PhD students and postdocs in the Faculty of Engineering, Physical Electronics Department and the Physics Department at Tel Aviv University.
During his sabbaticals, Gover was a visiting professor at Stanford University, Brookhaven National Lab, N.Y, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Maryland, College Park, and University of California, L.A.
Gover’s main research activity concentrates presently on fundamental theoretical investigation of the quantum electron wavefunction interactions with light and matter and the transition of free electrons from quantum to classical expression (wave-particle duality).
On this subject, and on subjects of laser particle accelerator, ultra-fast electron microscopy and compact free electron radiation sources from THz to X-Ray, he collaborates with front-line research laboratories in the US and Germany.
He was the Principal Investigator on the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) contract on Free Electron Lasers in Science Applications International Corporation, Plasma Physics Division in 1987-1988, and the head of the Israeli FEL consortium (TAU, RAFAEL, NRC) in the years 1992-2000.
During 1988-1993 Gover served the FEL community in the Executive Committee of the International FEL Conference and in its FEL prize sub-committee.
Gover was one of the founders of the Israeli National Inter-Senate Committee for Academic Independence, and served in it as the representative of Tel-Aviv University 2004-2013.
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the Earth's surface, or the surface of a celestial body.
The Institute also has an International Tumor Board, through which it implements a system in which foreign experts collaborate and advise physicians in cases where the diagnosis and treatment procedures are complex and require intervention.
American Oncology Institute (a unit of Cancer Treatment Services Hyderabad Pvt Ltd) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cancer Treatment Services International Ltd (CTSI), which is owned by Varian Medical Systems (NYSE: VAR).
The Institute was co-founded in 2006 by a group of physicians and industry experts associated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical College (UPMC).
American Oncology Institute was started with an aim to close the gap between standards of cancer care in South Asia and the West.
It provides clinical protocols, multidisciplinary clinical teams, an International Tumor Board, US qualified Dosimetry teams for Central Treatment Planning and service experts.
Andy Contreras (born November 11, 1990) is an American soccer player who plays for California United Strikers in the National Independent Soccer Association.
Contreras played two years of college soccer at Rio Hondo College before transferring to the University of California, Riverside, where he played in 2013 and 2014.
On August 7, 2019, Contreras signed with California United Strikers ahead of their inaugural season in the National Independent Soccer Association.
The Pago Vera de Estenas branch uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago de Los Balagueses was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2011, and geographically it lies within the extent of the Utiel-Requena DOP.
The Vera de Estenas Viñedos y Bodegas winery also produces Cava under the Cava DOP appellation, and still wines under the Utiel-Requena DOP appellation.
Geneviève Clot (born January 29, 1964) is a former French para table tennis player and swimmer, she has participated in international level in both sports.
He is the founder and chairman of Mk Curtain Berhad (MK), a company in the curtain industry with more than 20 outlets spanning across Malaysia.
Khiu completed his secondary school education at the age of 17 and went to Singapore to work as a salesperson in a textile store, where he learned the inside out of the textile trade while doing sales for the company.
After a year of its inception, MK Curtain opened its second branch and subsequently opened six other outlets across Negeri Sembilan.
In 2016, Khiu went on to establish Outstanding Entrepreneurs (OE) School for Entrepreneurs with the vision to provide training and teaching practical aspects of becoming an entrepreneur.
The Revolutionary Infrastructure (Vietnamese Hạ tầng cơ sở cách mạng), was designed by the Communist Party of Vietnam in the 1940s.
It was these so-called couriers and their courier corridors that Hồ Chí Minh said were the most important element for victory because they served the revolution in much the same way as blood vessels and a nervous system served the human body.
Richard Nardi (September 25, 1915 - January 28, 1965) was an American professional football player who played in 14 career games for the Detroit Lions, Brooklyn Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates of the National Football League from 1938 to 1939.
In the summer of 2015 he was brought to larger neighbours Sarpsborg 08 FF, and made his Eliteserien debut playing two matches in November 2015.
He was sent on loan to IL Hødd in the spring of 2017, to Notodden FK in the autumn of 2017 and then in entire 2018.
In 2019 he moved on to Kråkerøy IL, only to register another transfer to Lillehammer FK in the autumn of 2019.
Carolyn (Lindy) McBride is an assistant professor who holds a joint position with the Princeton Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University.
She has received several early investor awards for her work on genetics, most notably the Rosalind Franklin Young Investor Award in 2016, the Pew Scholars Award in 2015, and the Searle Scholars award in 2016.
in Biology from Williams College in 1998 and her Ph.D. in Population Biology from the University of California, Davis in 2008.
She gained her PhD in Economics from the same university in 2013, when she specialized in critical studies of economic epistemology.
She directed the School of Economics at the General Sarmiento University, and was also a professor and researcher both at the General San Martín National University and at the University of Buenos Aires.
In her book, D'Alessandro draws on the collaborative work of a group of feminist economists that analyzed the gender inequalities present in the economy, questioning the theoretical assumptions of the discipline.
This book recommends an heuristic tool as a solution to the inequalities that women face to access the workforce, the pay gap, unpaid work, the distribution of chores connected to caring for others, and the difference in poverty between men and women.
This book was declared of social interest by the Buenos Aires City Legislative Power, and by the municipalities of Posadas and Rosario.
Among her topics are: the need for appropriate State politics, economics from a gender perspective, and women in the working force.
Within the intersection of women and work, she analyzes topics like the gender pay gap, the glass ceiling, domestic labour, political participation and power pulls, private enterprises and new families, among others.
He joined Sarpsborg 08 from Sarpsborg FK while a youth player, and made his senior debut in September 2014 against Start.
After this one game he was sent on loan to Kvik Halden FK in the entire 2015 season, and to Fredrikstad FK in the latter part of 2016.
Red is an upcoming Indian Telugu-language action thriller film directed by Kishore Tirumala and co-produced by Krishna Chaitanya and Sravanthi Ravi Kishore under Sri Sravanthi Movies.
The story has been written by Magizh Thirumeni who also wrote and directed the original film, and the music has been composed by Mani Sharma.
The film went on floors from 14 November 2019, after the first shot was clapped by Puri Jagannadh and Charmme Kaur on 30 October 2019.
After this one game he was sent on loan to Kvik Halden FK in the entire 2015 season, permanently in 2016.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Before the Holy See and Qatar established diplomatic relations, the Holy See represented its interests in Qatar through delegations with regional responsibilities, first the Apostolic Delegation to the Red Sea Region established by Pope Paul VI on 3 July 1969 and then the Apostolic Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula established by Pope John Paul II on 26 March 1992.
The Spanish Democratic Union (; UDE) was a Spanish political party founded in 1975 as a political association, then as a party from August 1976.
Among the party's most notable members were government ministers in Adolfo Suárez's first cabinet Alfonso Osorio, Eduardo Carriles, Andrés Reguera Guajardo and Enrique de la Mata.
The party was led by former public works minister Federico Silva Muñoz until October 1976, when he stepped down over discrepancies with his party on the issue of forming an alliance of centre-right and conservative parties; such an alliance would materialize into the formation of the People's Alliance (AP), which Muñoz would join after splitting from the UDE.
In 4 April 1977, UDE would merge together with the Christian Democratic People's Party (PPDC) into the newly-formed Christian Democratic Party (PDC), which would in turn eventually merge into the Union of the Democratic Centre in December 1977, and dissolved in February 1978.
Days later, US Army soldier and Atomwaffen Division member Jarrett Smith was arrested in Fort Riley, Kansas, alleging he discussed bomb-making, sending bombs to CNN and Beto O'Rourke, and setting fire to Harper's house.
In late October, a video was posted on Nehlen's Telegram channel, showing his Bowl Patrol patch and the incorrect Harper house.
In late November, the incorrect Daniel Harper sent a Twitter direct message to the podcast host Daniel Harper, explaining that the incorrect house was previously owned by the incorrect Harper but they had sold the house to the Shea family.
Harper was finally able to get a response from the FBI and the Washtenaw County Sheriff's Office, and two local newspapers wrote about the Shea house confusion in late December.
Angus Bell (born 4 October 2000 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
He made his first-class debut on 9 May 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in Tier B of the 2018–19 Premier League Tournament.
Additionally, players without a club may join at any time, clubs may sign players on loan at any time, and clubs may sign a goalkeeper on an emergency loan if they have no registered goalkeeper available.
Note that the summer transfer window in Brazil occurs during the new year, and the winter transfer window occurs during the mid-year.
Tom Horton (born 18 April 1997 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
The Wildcats are one of only a handful of British basketball clubs to administer and run their own facility, the Nottingham Wildcats Arena, which opened in 2001.
A perennially successful team in the English Women's Basketball League, the Wildcats were one of the founder members of the Women's British Basketball League in 2014.
Isabelle Lafaye Marziou (born July 9, 1963) is a French para table tennis player who plays in international level in both singles and team events.
Lafaye is a four time Paralympic champion and World champion and is a seven time European champion in para table tennis.
The 2020 Bolivian Primera División season, known as the 2020 Copa Tigo season for sponsorship reasons, is the 43rd season of Bolivia's top-flight football league and the third season under División de Fútbol Profesional management.
Destroyers were relegated to the Copa Simón Bolívar after finishing in last place of the aggregate table in the previous season, with Sport Boys being disaffiliated from the league after failing to show up for their last game of the season.
A Norway youth international, he was bought by larger neighbors Sogndal Fotball in the summer of 2012 and made his Eliteserien debut in September 2012 against Strømsgodset.
In 2013 and 2014 he played for Florø, rejoining Sogndal in the summer of 2015 to play the closer of the 2015 1. divisjon.
Charlie Gamble (born 25 April 1996 in New Zealand) is an New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Before the Holy See and Bahrain established diplomatic relations, the Holy See represented its interests in Bahrain through delegations with regional responsibilities, first the Apostolic Delegation to the Red Sea Region established by Pope Paul VI on 3 July 1969 and then the Apostolic Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula established by Pope John Paul II on 26 March 1992.
Will Harris (born 8 June 2000 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
Jayaram Narainsamy Reddy (24 October 1925 – 5 July 2019) popularly known as JN Reddy, was a South African politician who was the leader of the Solidarity party which was represented in the House of Delegates, the body within the Apartheid Tricameral Parliament reserved for Indian South Africans.
He was the leader of the opposition from 1984 to 1989, and the leader of the majority party in the House from 1989 to 1993.
His father was born in Puthoor, a village in the South Arcot District of the Madras Presidency of India, now in the Tiruvannamalai district.
JN Reddy's father came to South Africa at the age of 5, where his father was working for the South African Railways after serving out a term of Indentured servitude in a sugar plantation.
Narainsamy Reddy was active in the workers' rights movement and a member of the Natal Indian Congress, a party started by Mahatma Gandhi.
In 1965, Reddy started the company Sealandair Shipping and Forwarding, the first such company in South Africa not owned by whites.
In 1970 with support from the state, he started the New Republic Bank, which he described as the first black bank in South Africa, at a time when the major South African banks only employed white tellers.
He served on the councils of the University of Durban-Westville and ML Sultan Technikon, and was able to influence large industrial companies to take on apprentices and technicians from these institutions, increasing Indian economic participation.
He also used his influence to convince the authorities to accept people of colour for training as chartered accountants and telecommunications technicians.
He served on the boards of a number of companies, including the Rembrandt Group, the Permanent Building Society and Standard Bank, and also served on the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council.
Reddy was an active supporter of the rights of Indians under Apartheid, lobbying to get parts of Cato Manor declared an Indian area under the Group Areas Act and for Indians to be allowed to work north of the Tugela river, for example in Richards Bay.
He was present for the adoption of the Freedom Charter in Kliptown in 1955, due to his involvement with the Natal Indian Congress.
In 1984, in the lead-up to the 1984 South African general election, which determined the makeup of the first House of Delegates, Reddy co-founded the political party Solidarity, becoming its first leader.
Solidarity appealed more to South Africans with Southern Indian roots, while Amichand Rajbansi's National People's Party appealed more to those with a North Indian heritage.
The election of 1984 was marked by boycotts, as many Coloured and Indian South Africans saw the tricameral system as a means to entrench Apartheid.
Despite having been formed less than a year before the election, Solidarity contested all 40 constituencies in the House of Delegates.
There were suggestions at the time that Solidarity was somehow initiated by the government, as Prime Minister P. W. Botha preferred Dr. Reddy to the leadership of the National People's Party, a claim which was made more credible by the fact that some of the party leaders, including Reddy, had been members of government institutions, for example the President's Council.
Another reason was that Solidarity was able to afford to spend more than its opponents on propaganda, although Solidarity claimed that this was all funded by personal contributions.
Despite winning most of the seats in the Natal province in the 1984 election, Solidarity was not able to win enough seats in the other provinces, and formed the opposition to the National People's Party.
Instead, the parties agreed on a coalition, with two Solidarity members (JN Reddy and Ismail Kathrada) appointed to the Minister's Council.
The coalition only lasted a few months, however, and dissolved, partly due to differences between the parties, but also because the Speaker of the House ruled that Solidarity could not be the official opposition while its leader served on the Council.
In 1988, Rajbansi was removed from his position as chairman of the Minister's Council due to corruption, based on the preliminary findings of the James Commission of inquiry, and Reddy assumed this position in March 1989.
In the 1989 South African general election in September, Solidarity was able to win 19 of the 45 seats (40 elected and 5 appointed).
This result established it as the governing party in the House, motivating independents and members of smaller parties to join Solidarity and giving it a majority position.
In 1991, Rajbansi briefly regained a majority in the House after a successful vote of no confidence in Reddy, but this was soon overturned, allowing Reddy to retain leadership of the House.
In 1991, it was expected that conservative parties such as Solidarity would align themselves with the National Party, but Reddy denied rumours that the Solidarity leadership was discussing plans to join the National Party.
The NIC, however, protested their inclusion on the grounds that it would be hypocritical to support candidates who had taken part in the Tricameral system that the liberation movements had protested against, hence they were dropped from the list.
J. Scott Angle is an American government official who currently serves as Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
Angle received his Bachelor of Science degree in Agronomy and Master of Science in Soil science from the University of Maryland.
Angle worked for 24 years as a professor of soil science and as administrator of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and Maryland Cooperative Extension.
From 2005 to 2015, Angle lived in Athens, Georgia and served as director of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at the University of Georgia.
In September 2018, President Donald Trump nominated Angle to a six year term as the third Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
In 2019, Angle was chosen as the Spring Commencement Speaker for his alma mater, the University of Maryland College of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
Carlo Tizzano (born 2 February 2000 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
He was the first sheriff of Idaho County, and there is a street named after him in Placerville, Idaho where he resided for a short time.
Earlier in his life, Standifer was present in the Hawaiian Islands at the same time a precursor organization had filibustering plans there.
Standifer died in 1874 at Fort Steele, Wyoming, after contracting Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever on an expedition led by William F. Cody.
Clíodhna Lyons is an Irish cartoonist, animator and printmaker who has created several comics and zines and is now a director for Brown Bag Films.
Lyons was born in the Aran Islands, Galway but went to study animation in Ballyfermot College in Dublin before going to complete a BFA in comics at the School of Visual Arts in New York.
Vira Kerala, also spelled Veera Kerala or Keralan, was a name given to male members of several medieval ruling families of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
The game, played from a first-person perspective, incorporates gameplay elements around optical illusions and forced perspective; notably, certain objects when picked up can be moved towards or away from the player, but when placed back down, scale to the size as the player had viewed them, enabling the player to solve puzzles to complete the game.
The player-character is a participant in a dream therapy program, but during the study, the character becomes trapped in a recurring dream cycle, and is guided by the voice of the study's overseer, Dr. Glenn Pierce, on how to escape from the dream.
The exit door may be closed and require a button to be held down to open, or atop a higher platform out of reach, or may not be immediately visible.
The bulk of such interactions are based on the use of forced perspective: the player can pick up a waist-high cube, which is then kept at its apparent current size from the player's perspective.
The player can then look elsewhere around the room, with the cube maintained at the same viewpoint, and drop that cube at that location, where the cube will scale up or downwards in size based on the new perspective.
Taking the waist-high cube and looking downwards towards the floor when dropping it will make the cube shrink in size, while looking upwards towards the ceiling and dropping will make it grow large.
This process can be repeated indefinitely, allowing the player to manipulate these scalable objects as to create platforms to reach the exit or clear obstacles blocking them.
He improved upon the concept during his graduate work, establishing Pillow Castle in January 2014 and obtaining assistance from four other ETC students to build out the game.
Then, as the player looks around, the game figures the new distance to the farthest point directly in front of the player, and scales the object's size proportional to the change from the original distance.
The more difficult factor Shih had found was accounting for the complex shapes of some objects and where the player expected the center viewpoint to be at.
Other puzzles in the game involving the projecting and de-projecting of 3D objects onto 2D planes used Unity's camera and projector objects with the only challenge being related to the camera depth, something that Shih said was not well-supported in Unity, but credits programmer Phil Fortier for solving.
The scaling puzzles proved to have some trouble in playtesting since players could come up with possible solutions that ultimately were not working and the game unable to provide feedback for why.
Instead of having players being able to jump, which the scaling made inconsistent, they instead let player mantle up ledges making it easier to guide players to a solution.
By 2015, most of the ETC students Shih had had graduated and left Pillow Castle, and he spend part-time on the game while working at other jobs.
Shih spent much of the time since 2014 to evaluate the direction to take the game, eventually working full time on the game and hiring additional staff to complete the title.
The game's core mechanic was praised, but generally reviewers felt the game was short and lacked some of the potential that could be used with that mechanic, as well as having a lackluster story atop it.
Michael McDonald (born 24 June 1999 in Republic of Ireland) is an Irish born Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
Previously to this she held many positions in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office since 2000, and worked in Washington, Helmand, Sudan, and Brussels.
In her role as Ambassador to North Macedonia, she has participated in civil project discussions and made multiple visits to North Macedonian schools, as well as events of commemoration .
Cuba recovered from the devastation of war to become a well-off country, with the third largest middle class in the hemisphere.
Apartment buildings to accommodate the new middle class, and mansions for the well to do, were built at a fast pace.
Numerous luxury hotels, casinos and nightclubs were constructed during the 1930s to serve Havana's burgeoning tourist industry, which greatly benefited by the U.S. prohibition on alcohol from 1920 to 1933.
In the 1930s, organized crime characters were not unaware of Havana's nightclub and casino life, and they made their inroads in the city.
Santo Trafficante Jr. took the roulette wheel at the Sans Souci Casino, Meyer Lansky directed the Hotel Habana Riviera, with Lucky Luciano at the Hotel Nacional Casino.
At the time, Havana became an exotic capital of appeal and numerous activities ranging from marinas, grand prix car racing, musical shows, and parks.
Jules R. Benjamin suggests that Cuba's corrupt politics were a product of the colonial heritage of Cuban politics and the financial aid provided by the United States that favoured international sugar prices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Following the Second World War, the level of corruption in Cuba, among many other Latin American and Caribbean countries, was said to have risen significantly.
Some scholars, such as Eduardo Sáenz Rovner, attribute this to North America's increased involvement in Cuba after the First World War as it isolated Cuban workers.
Cubans were excluded from a large sector of the economy and unable to participate in managerial roles that were taken over by United States employers.
Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index (CPI) gave Cuba a score of 47/100, where 0 indicates that a country is very corrupt and 100 indicates that it is very clean.
Cuba ranks 62nd out of 180 countries in terms of corruption perception, which is an increase of 2 places since last years' CPI score in 2016.
Havana achieved the title of being the Latin American city with the biggest middle class population per capita, simultaneously accompanied by gambling and corruption where gangsters and stars were known to mix socially.
During this era, Havana was generally producing more revenue than Las Vegas, Nevada, whose boom as a tourist destination began only after Havana's casinos closed in 1959.
To welcome Luciano back from exile and acknowledge his continued authority within the mob, all the conference invitees brought Luciano cash envelopes.
The official cover story for the Havana Conference was that the mobsters were attending a gala party with Frank Sinatra as the entertainment.
Charlie and Rocco Fischetti delivered a suitcase containing $2 million to Luciano, his share of the U.S. rackets he still controlled.
Boss Vito Genovese had returned to New York from exile in Italy and was not content with assuming a minor role in the organization.
Delegates were present representing New York City, New Jersey, Buffalo, Chicago, New Orleans and Florida, with the largest delegation of bosses from the New York-New Jersey area.
According to conference rules, the Jewish delegates could not vote on Cosa Nostra rules or policies; however, the Jewish crime bosses were allowed input on any joint business ventures, such as the Flamingo Hotel.
Now Luciano could easily have declared himself as Maranzano's heir in 1932; instead, Luciano decided to exercise control behind the scenes.
Officially, Genovese was now just a caporegime; however, he had made it clear that he intended to take control of the Luciano crime family.
Luciano also realized that Genovese threatened his overall authority and influence within the American mafia, probably with support from other crime bosses.
To further embarrass Genovese, Luciano encouraged Anastasia and Genovese to settle their differences and shake hands in front of the other bosses.
With Luciano solidifying his personal position and squashing Genovese's ambition for now, Luciano brought up discussion of the mob's narcotics operations in the United States.
One of the key topics at the Havana Conference, was the global narcotics trade and the mob's operations in the United States.
The anti-drug faction believed that the Cosa Nostra did not need narcotics profits, that narcotics brought unwanted law enforcement and media attention, and that the general public considered it to be a very harmful activity (unlike gambling).
Furthermore, if the Cosa Nostra ignored the drug trade, other criminal organizations would jump in and eventually diminish the Cosa Nostra's power and influence.
After arriving in Cuba from North Africa, the mob would ship the narcotics to US ports that it controlled, primarily New York City, New Orleans, and Tampa.
The narcotics shipped to the New York docks would be overseen by the Luciano crime family (later the Genovese) and the Mangano crime family (later the Gambino).
The Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne, was not only engaged in formalizing the architectural principles of the Modern Movement, but also saw architecture as an economic and political tool that could be used to improve and shape the world through the design of buildings and through urban planning as in the Plan Piloto.
The rejection of Le Corbusier's competition entry for the Palace of the Soviets, a watershed moment and an indication that the Soviets had abandoned CIAM's principles, changed those plans, and instead it was held onboard the ship the , which sailed from Marseille to Athens.
Based on an analysis of thirty-three cities, CIAM proposed that the social problems faced by the inhabitants of cities could be resolved by strict, functional segregation, and the distribution of the population into tall apartment blocks at widely spaced intervals.
The city planning ideas were adopted in the rebuilding of Europe following World War II, although by then some CIAM members had their doubts.
When implemented in the postwar period, many of these ideas were compromised by tight financial constraints, poor understanding of the concepts, or popular resistance.
The Charter got its name from location of the fourth CIAM conference in 1933, which, due to the deteriorating political situation in Russia, took place on the S.S. Patris bound for Athens from Marseilles.
CIAM demanded that housing districts should occupy the best sites, and a minimum amount of solar exposure should be required in all dwellings.
For hygienic reasons, buildings should not be built along transportation routes, and modern techniques should be used to construct high apartment building spaces widely apart, to free the soil for large green parks.
Additionally they said it was important to reduce commuting times by locating industrial zones close to residential ones and buffering them with wide parks and sports areas.
Finally, with regards to conservation, historic monuments should be kept only when they were of true value and their conservation did not reduce their inhabitants to unhealthy living conditions.
Despite its title, the Athens Charter cannot be considered as the mutual outcome of the CIAM conference, which took place ten years earlier, but largely as an expression of Le Courbusier's individual concerns.
Although Le Corbusier had exhibited his ideas for the ideal city, the Ville Contemporaine in the 1920s, during the early 1930s, after contact with international planners he began work on the Ville Radieuse (Radiant City).
In 1930 he had become an active member of the syndicalist movement and proposed the Ville Radieuse as a blueprint of social reform.
Unlike the radial design of the Ville Contemporaine, the Ville Radieuse was a linear city based upon the abstract shape of the human body with head, spine, arms and legs.
Le Corbusier exhibited the first representations of his ideas at the third CIAM meeting in Brussels in 1930 and published a book of the same title as the city in 1935.
At a meeting in Zürich in 1931, CIAM members Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Siegfried Giedion, Rudolf Steiger and Werner M. Moser discussed with Cornelis van Eesteren the importance of solar orientation in governing the directional positioning of low-cost housing on a given site.
Van Eesteren had been chief architect of Amsterdam's Urban Development Section since 1929 and the group asked him to prepare a number of analytical studies of cities for the next main CIAM meeting planned to be in Moscow in 1933.
The theme for these studies would be the Functional City, that is, one where land planning would be based upon function-based zones.
Van Eesteren employed the city planner Theodor Karel van Lohuizen to use methods developed for the Amsterdam Expansion Plan, to prepare zoning plans that would predict overall future development in the city.
He relied upon the more rational methods being promoted by CIAM at that time which sought to use statistical information for designing zone uses rather than designing them in any detail.
In the late 1920s Le Corbusier lost confidence in big business to realise his dreams of utopia represented in the Ville Contemporaine and Plan Voisin (1925).
He exhibited the first representations of his ideas at the third CIAM meeting in Brussels in 1930 (although he withdrew the Moscow proposals).
Discussions at the fourth CIAM meeting on board the SS Patris bound for Athens were incorporated into Corbusier's book, The Radiant City (published in 1933).
Although he was not officially invited to submit proposals for the city, he knew the mayor was interested so he tried his luck.
It comprised four main elements: an administration area by the water in two slab blocks, convex and concave apartment blocks for the middle classes up on the slopes above the city, an elevated roadway on a north-south axis above the casbah and a meandering viaduct with a road on top meandering down the coast.
On his 1935 trip to the United States, Corbusier criticised the skyscrapers of Manhattan for being too small and too close together.
Even as late as the 1940s he was trying to court both Mussolini and the Vichy government to adopt his ideal city plans.
When designing the layout for Brasilia, architects Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer were influenced by the plans for the Ville Radieuse.
The first at a scale of 1:10000 showed land use and density, the second showed transportation networks and the third, at 1:50000 showed the regional setting of the city.
Based upon his presentation it was decided that the separate national groups within CIAM would prepare similar presentation boards for the Moscow meeting.
In 1932 Le Corbusier's Palace of the Soviets competition entry failed to gain acceptance from the jury and, due to the political conditions in Russia, CIAM's agenda became increasingly ignored.
Josep Lluís Sert, co-founder of GATEPAC and GATCPAC (in Saragoza and Barcelona, respectively) in 1930, as well as ADLAN (Friends of New Art) in Barcelona in 1932, participated in the congresses as of 1929, and served as CIAM president from 1947 to 1956.
GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles Para la Arquitectura Contemporánea) was a group of architects assembled during the Second Spanish Republic.
Its most important members were: Josep Lluís Sert, Antoni Bonet Castellana, Josep Torres Clavé, José Manuel Aizpurúa, Fernando García Mercadal and Sixte Illescas.
The Eastern (Catalan) and founding section of the group, called GATCPAC (Grup d'Arquitectes i Tècnics Catalans per al Progrés de l'Arquitectura Contemporània) was much more successful than the Central or Northern sections, and carried out government contracts during the Second Republic.
With the Plan Piloto José Luis Sert focused on two elements: (a) the division of the city into various sectors, and (b) the intallation of a classified road system.
This determination of sectors and roads was based on two prerequisites: on the fixing of limits of the greater metropolitan area and the analysis of land use within these limits.
Concurrently, with the definition of the city limits, the Oficina del Plan Regulador de la Habana (OPRH) compiled an existing land-use map of the metropolitan area.
Also, collaborating on this project were Nicolás Arroyo, Minister of Public Works of the Batista government, and the architects Gabriela Menéndez and Mario Romañach, among others.
The Junta Nacional de Planificacion de Cuba (JNP) and its consultants were agents of Batista’s administration; the plan for the proposed East Havana or the policy for the Malecón ensured continued economic pressure for urban development and speculation with which the JNP would regulate.
The economic atmosphere of the Batista government was permissive as was the social atmosphere; real-estate speculation was promoted and encouraged with investors adding new hotels, casinos, condominiums, and department stores to the city’s fabric.
It was in this context that the provision of land for construction were a pressing financial motive for Batista’s administration; Batista's government depended on an increasing flow of extraneous capital into the country.
The architects of the JNP were cognizant this overwhelming sway of economic growth, Wiener apparently spent some spare hours in Havana evaluating prospective building sites for the New York developer Paul Tishman.
The work of the JNP framed its sights within a political environment, directing technicians to mediate between state and city rather than local or foreign investors, businessmen, or the public who were their beneficiaries.
The Plan Piloto was both an instrument of complicity, insofar as it would have accommodated and even assisted the unmitigated financial speculations in that it would have defined and guided much of the physical outcome of that speculation in advance.
The aim of the Plan was to contain the different efforts of the various historical periods within the city through a planning conceptual order.
A further dual carriageway was to cut through the center on an east-west axis along Calle Muralla, and alternate streets on the city grid in both directions were to be widened.
The remaining blocks were to be hollowed out in order to improve automobile access and parking, demolition would have been required to accommodate the widening of other streets.
The Pilot Plan would have resulted in the division of the old city into four quarters separated by major traffic lanes, widespread demolition of historic buildings and with the character of remaining city blocks being fundamentally altered.
They were aware that their proposal required considerable renovation of existing legal structures because the area they defined as metropolitan Havana was in fact composed of different independent municipalities.
These, Sert suggested, could establish a joint authority that would enact measures to limit the location and design of repartos according to the principles proposed by the JNP and Town Planning Associates.
were aware that their proposal required considerable renovation of existing legal structures because the area they defined as metropolitan Havana was in fact composed of different independent municipalities.
These, Sert suggested, could establish a joint authority that would enact measures to limit the location and design of repartos according to the principles proposed by the JNP and Town Planning Associates.
The color codes marked the residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational uses throughout the city thus producing a tapestry that highlighted how certain functions, clustered in large blocks, or urban corridors, or isolated within other functions, legislation and design could be oriented toward segregating certain functions, such as the industrial uses; and juxtaposing others, such as the residential and the recreational uses.
Mario Romañachcollaborated on the Plan Piloto under the auspices of the Minister of Public Works, and the National Planning Board of Cuba between 1955 and 1958, in the development of the Plan Piloto for Havana.
The Town Planning Associates, a consulting firm from New York City, led by the Catalan architect [[Josep Lluís Sert]], and its partners [[Paul Lester Wiener]] and Paul Schulz, was hired by the Minister of Public Works with the intention of guiding the development of the continuous growth of the city of Havana during the next decade.
The Cuban government owned the site the future presidential palace was going to be, it was a large piece of land between two fortresses, El Castillo del Morro and La Cabaña; thus, the proposed site had a prominent topography, did not require expropriation, and had historic relevance.
Competitors included Wells Coates, Franco Albini, and the firm of Welton Beckett and Associates, [[Le Corbusier]] and [[Oscar Niemeyer]] would also be invited.
[[Mario Romañach]] indicated to Wiener his desire to work on the project and, along with Town Planning Associates, was added to the list.
Soon after the initial announcement, the idea of a competition was abandoned, Town Planning Associates was given the commission outright as well as to Mario Romañach and Gabriela Menéndez.
Several people have noted that the future location of the palace on the undeveloped east side of the bay in conjunction with the construction of new tunnel would encourage development of Havana toward the east, maintaining Habana Vieja as a vital center and discourage westward expansion.
With the commission for the presidential palace secured, Sert and Romañach become the primary designers of the project, [[Félix Candela]]was to be the structural engineer and [[Hideo Sasaki]] the landscape architect.
Sert and Romañach commenced their design the following year developing the project between the fall of 1956 and the summer of 1957 after initial plans and a model were exhibited for Batista and his cabinet in the Salón de los Espejos of the [[Museum of the Revolution (Cuba)|existing presidential palace]].
The Plan Piloto then included the project by Romañach, Gabriela Menéndez, Mercedes Diaz and [[Josep Lluís Sert]] for the new [[Museum of the Revolution (Cuba)|Presidential Palace]] which would have been located near the Castle of San Carlos de [[La Cabaña]] and the [[Morro Castle (Havana)|Castle of the Three Kings of El Morro]].
The designers of the Pilot Plan contemplated the construction of a monumental Presidential Palace, conceived as a large civic complex with a yacht dock with private access to the bay.
The presidential palace was the center of this ambitious project with several ministries, two large civic plazas, a Marti park, an oceanography museum and an aquarium.
The Palacio de las Palmas (Palace of the Palms) accommodated in its program the executive branch of the Batista government, including the offices of the ministry, facilities for the press, reception halls, and the private residence for Batista and his family.
The patio of the Palacio de las Palmas was recognized by Sert as a feature of several historical structures in Havana including the [[Palacio de Aldama]], the [[Palacio de los Capitanes Generales]], and the existing [[Museum of the Revolution (Cuba)|presidential palace]].
Jean Labatut of [[Princeton University]] provided a sketch from East Havana of an early proposal for the [[Havana Tunnel|tunnel]] entrance under Havana harbor showing the skyline including the dome of the [[El Capitolio|Capitolio Nacional]].
The idea of building an artificial island in front of the [[Malecón, Havana|Malecon]] in Havana first appeared in the Plan Piloto of 1956, it's aim was to make Havana the most modern city in the Americas particularly in giving it greater character of a capital city and tourist center, and increase tourist attraction and thus sources of income.
The Plan sought to strengthen future tourist development planned not only for Havana, but for Varadero, Cojímar and the [[Isla de la Juventud|Isle of Pines]].
[[Meyer Lansky]] and [[Santo Trafficante Jr.|Santo Trafficante]] came to invest in Cuba with the [[Hotel Habana Riviera|Havana Riviera]] and Capri hotels, respectively, as part of a strategy to turn Havana into a [[Las Vegas]] in the Caribbean.
Mike Christie is a British film and television director and producer who has made films for the BBC, Channel 4, Sky, Discovery, History Channel, Apple, Showtime and Red Bull.
His career began in the 1990s working with the artist and filmmaker Derek Jarman – who he met at meetings of Act Up London – on projects including the book At Your Own Risk.
In 1997, he co-created Drop the Debt, the mainstream music and entertainment industries campaign of the Jubilee 2000 movement, fronted by Bono and others, and led to the cancellation of more than $100 billion of debt owed by 35 of the poorest countries.
Following the success of Jump London, in 2004 Mike Christie founded production company Carbon Media, which was sold to ITV in 2009.
Mark Nawaqanitawase (born 11 September 2000 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
The founder, presenter and producer of the program is Mazdak Mirzaei and program Analyst Mohammad Taghavi and assistant presenter is Zahra Alipour.
The program features scenes from the Persian Gulf Pro League and the Iranian Hazfi Cup and specifically deals with women's football in Iran.
Hattrick performs technical analysis and refereeing of football matches each week and makes the viewing of the program attractive to viewers using beautiful graphics.
The first section of the program, which features Mazdak Mirzaei and Zahra Alipour, explain what viewers will see on the program that night.
In each episode a question is posed as a poll or quiz, in which viewers are asked to respond to the poll on the official Instagram page of Iran International Sport (iranintlsport).
In some episodes of the program, coaches, players and artists overseas are invited to the program and discuss with the presenter various soccer issues.
In this section, important or special games are analyzed each week (technically or qualitatively) by a multiplayer team and the results are broadcast with game images and explanations by Mohammad Taghavi.
James Ramm (born 30 April 1998 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
Joey Walton (born 27 May 2000 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
The Goop Lab (also known as the goop lab with Gwyneth Paltrow) is an American documentary series about the lifestyle and wellness company Goop, founded by American actress Gwyneth Paltrow.
The partnership with Netflix led to criticism of the streaming company for giving Gwyneth Paltrow a platform to promote her company, which has been criticized for making unsubstantiated health claims.
Upon release of the first trailer, and again after the full 6-episode series was available for review, the series received significant criticism concerning the medical and scientific misinformation it presented.
On January 6, 2020, Netflix released the first trailer, and announced that the series would be released on January 24, 2020.
The announcement that Goop had partnered with Netflix led to criticism of Netflix for giving Gwyneth Paltrow a platform to promote Goop, because the company has been criticized for making unsubstantiated claims about the effectiveness of the health treatments and products it promotes.
Joe Cotton (born 12 May 1999 in Bristol, England) is an English born Australian rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys refer to a class of nanostructured metal powders that spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen gas upon contact with water or any liquid containing water as a result of their galvanic metal microstructure.
It serves as a method of hydrogen production that can take place at a rapid pace at room temperature without the assistance of chemicals, catalysts, or externally supplied power.
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys are characterized by their galvanic microstructure, which comprises of an anodic matrix consisting of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and a cathodic dispersed phase of another metal composition.
These alloys produce hydrogen gas when the cathodic disperse phase forms galvanic couples with the anodic matrix and the resulting galvanic metal microstructure comes in contact with water or any liquid containing water.
The nanostructured galvanic couple, with aluminium as the anode and the other metal element as the cathode, rapidly disturbs the formation of the native oxide layer and continually exposes fresh aluminium surfaces to hydrolysis.
The size of the particles that make up the cathodic disperse phase can range from less than 50 nanometers in length to less than 1000 nanometers in length.
of hydrogen gas per gram of aluminium in less than 1 minute and 1340 ml—100% of the theoretical yield at 295 K and 1 atm.—in 3 minutes without the need for hazardous or costly materials, or additional processes.
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys can be manufactured by means of high energy ball milling at room temperature or at lower temperatures and remain stable at standard temperature, pressure, and humidity levels.
In 2017, ARL researchers discovered that the hydrogen generation rate increases by almost two-fold when the aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloy powder comes in contact with urine, when compared with pure water.
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys were discovered by researchers of the Metals Branch of ARL’s Weapons and Materials Research Directorate (WMRD) of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in the early 2010s during testing of a new nanostructured aluminium alloy intended for structural materials applications.
During metallographic polishing for microhardness experiments, they noticed that the aluminium was disappearing upon contact with water and soon realized that it was creating hydrogen gas in the process.
In 2019, the hydrogen fuel company H2 Power, LLC was the first to receive an exclusive license to use the aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys to investigate automotive and transportation power generation applications for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other vehicles.
As of 2019, ARL researchers are looking for ways to improve the production and manufacturing process of the aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys.
Grace Starry West (October 5, 1946 – May 19, 2019) was an American classics scholar, best known as co-translator of a popular English edition of four texts on Socrates.
West was a member of the classics faculty at the University of Dallas from 1975 to 2011, including a stint as department chair from 1997 to 2006.
Ocean Medical Center (OMC) is a 318-bed non-profit, short-term acute care teaching hospital located in Brick Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, providing tertiary and healthcare needs for the northern Jersey Shore and Central Jersey.
OMC is a hospital of the Hackensack Meridian Health Health System and is affiliated with the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of Rutgers University.
Pediatric patients are under care of doctors from K. Hovnanian Children's Hospital, and high risk pediatric cases are transferred to the hospital.
Ocean Medical Center began as Point Pleasant Hospital in 1918 as a four room facility in the Point Pleasant Beach home of Dr. Frank Denniston, and by the late 1920s had expanded to 16-bed building.
In 1987, the Northern Ocean Hospital System changed its name to Medical Center of Ocean County, comprising Point Pleasant Hospital and Brick Hospital.
The Brick Township and Point Pleasant facilities merged with the Jersey Shore Medical Center in Neptune and Riverview Medical Center in Red Bank on January 1, 1997 into Meridian Health.
In 2013, it began an $82 million expansion project to substantially increase the capacity of its emergency room facilities and add additional basement and third floor space, funded in part by the family of Jirair Hovnanian, and completed in March, 2014.
In 2019, the institution started new construction on a new heart and vascular center and will combine heart and vascular services on one floor.
The hospital provides many services to patients including Bariatric Surgery, Cancer Care, Critical Care, a CyberKnife Center, The da Vinci Surgical System, a Dialysis Center, Emergency Department, Incontinence Center, Laboratory Services, Laparoscopic Gastric Banding (LAP-Band), Maternity, Orthopedics, Palliative Care, Pediatrics, Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Services, Same Day Surgery, Sleep Medicine, Surgical Services, Thoracic Surgery, Urologic Surgery, and Vascular Surgery.
He played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1981 to 1984 and for the New England Patriots in 1985 and 1987.
Melodi Grand Prix 2020 is the 58th edition of the Norwegian music competition Melodi Grand Prix (MGP), the national final for the international Eurovision Song Contest.
The competition is organized by NRK in January and February 2020, and a total of 25 songs will participate - the highest number in the history of the competition.
As 60 years have passed since Norway debuted in Eurovision Song Contest, the contest will be expanded with five semi-finals, which will be held from 11 January and the following four Saturdays.
One winner from each semi-finals gets send to the final February 15, 2020, where they meet five pre-qualified finalists selected by the broadcaster.
This is the first time Trondheim is hosting a Melodi Grand Prix final, and it is the first time since Melodi Grand Prix 1989 that the final is not arranged in Oslo.
Registration for Melodi Grand Prix 2020 opened on 2 March 2019, with a deadline of 31 July of the same year.
There must be at least one Norwegian songwriter on each contribution submitted, and each songwriter could submit a maximum of three contributions.
A total of 25 songs participate in the competition - 20 songs scattered in the five semi-finals and five selected songs that are directly qualified for the final.
Each region will have its own semi-final where artists and songwriters from that region will compete for a place in the final on 15 February.
This is the third time a Melodi Grand Prix finale has been held outside Oslo, and for the first time since 1989.
Kåre Magnus Bergh will be hosting for the sixth time, while Ingrid Gjessing Linhave and Ronny Brede Aase will host the show for the first time.
The television viewers will vote for one finalist from each semi-final, while a jury led by the Norwegian ESC head of delegation and supervisor , selected the last five finalists.
In total, there will be ten participants in the final on 15 February, and the Norwegian television viewers will announce the winner.
Claudio Velez, often referred to as the Tamale Guy or the Tamale Man, is a cook and mobile caterer of tamales in Chicago.
Velez has a strong reputation in the city's North Side nightlife as a food provider outside of clubs, bars, and other establishments open late at night.
An application through a Twitter account was developed by a customer, Clint McMahon, intended to help others track his location across the city.
Bruna Rafagnin Calderan (born 12 September 1996), simply known as Bruna, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right back for Kindermann–Avaí and the Brazil women's national team.
These seats are used in vehicles that operate in high exposure environments, such as high-speed watercraft, military platforms, construction, forestry and agricultural vehicles, and industrial trucks (such as fork lifts).
A vehicle’s collisions with waves or rough terrain are a source of whole body vibration that may cause discomfort, acute injuries, and chronic pain among operators.
Shock-mitigating suspension seats are related to the blast seats used to protect personnel from IEDs in armored vehicles and the crash seats used in military helicopters.
Unlike these other seats, however, shock-mitigating suspension seats must be designed to survive and retain their functionality for many thousands of impacts.
The prevalence of their use in the marine industry, where the seats are exposed to the elements including extreme temperature ranges and the presence of sea-water, is another distinguishing feature that guides the design of shock-mitigating suspension seats.
In its simplest form, a shock-mitigating suspension seat consists of a seating surface attached to a vertically mounted suspension unit supported by an accompanying structural frame.
The primary function of the cushion is to provide comfort, and this is achieved by spreading the pressure distribution across the occupant's body, reducing concentrations of pressure.
Motion is attenuated and impact energy is dissipated as heat in a damping chamber that is coupled with the spring mechanism.
Though it is the most common configuration, the axis of travel of the shock-absorber need not be parallel to the axis of travel of the seat surface, and it need not be fixed over the course of its stroke.
In such cases the transfer of forces from the deck to the seat is achieved through one or more linkage members.
The suspension module may be of custom design or adapted from the shock-absorbing isolators used in off-road vehicles, trucks, or mountain bikes.
Pioneering work on seat assessment was conducted by the ejection seating industry (see the article on ejector seats and the references therein).
The general approach of these standards is that vehicles are classed by relevant characteristics such as general type, size/mass, and drive system (tracked, wheeled), and an example motion representative of each class is specified.
Seats may be tested against one or more classes and are required to demonstrate that they can usefully reduce the vibration exposure with different weights of seat occupant.
There are significant challenges to measuring marine seats at sea, including variable weather conditions, boat availability, operating costs, and personnel safety.
Standards for assessing marine seats in representative laboratory conditions, similar to the approach used for the agricultural, industrial truck and heavy plan sectors, are starting to emerge, driven by requirements from major fleet operators.
The UK’s Ministry of Defense has engaged in comprehensive seat performance measurement, and the first performance standardized test method for marine seating was published by the US Navy following collaborative work from fleet operators in the US, UK, and Canada.
Assessing seat performance in terms of simple peak accelerations is not viable without accounting for the likely effects of the frequency content, amplitude, duration, and other aspects of the motion on the human body.
Most suspension seat performance assessment methods use either the human response to vibration assessment methods set out in ISO 2631-1, although the US Navy marine seat standard effectively uses the DRI (with only a slight modification to the natural frequency of the single-degree-of-freedom model) developed for assessment of blast or ejection seats.
Mechanical shock (whole-body vibration) exposure has been recognized as a health hazard, and in its 2002 vibration directive 2002/44/EC the European Union set strict exposure limits in an effort to protect its workforce.
The directive applies to all member nations and defines daily weighted exposure limits (normalized to 8 hours) using the methods defined in ISO 2631-1.
The UK transposed the vibration directive into its own national legislation with the Control of Vibrations at Work Regulations and the Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessel Control of Vibrations at Work regulations.
Both of these regulations define the same exposure limits and have since been applied in major procurements for shock-mitigation in the Royal Navy's fleet.
The goals is to mature and demontraste the technologies which are necessary to build and operate a reusable launch vehicle, but also to better assess the operational cost of such a vehicle.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Before the Holy See and United Arab Emirates established diplomatic relations, the Holy See represented its interests in United Arab Emirates through delegations with regional responsibilities, first the Apostolic Delegation to the Red Sea Region established by Pope Paul VI on 3 July 1969 and then the Apostolic Delegation to the Arabian Peninsula established by Pope John Paul II on 26 March 1992.
The ethnic makeup of the school is approximately 95.1% Non-Hispanic White, 2.4% Hispanic or Latino, 1.6% Non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.2% Asian, and 0.6% from two or more races.
The 2019–20 UNC Greensboro women's basketball team represents the University of North Carolina at Greensboro during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
This dough is then rolled out and filled with a filling made from ground beef, onions, parsley, bay leaves and spices such as turmeric, ground nutmeg, it is then brushed with an egg wash and baked.
Since December 2013, Franceschi has been living in exile in the United States after the Maduro government threatened to arrest him.
When winning the expulsion processes of the communists of power Franceschi finally left his political activity at the end of the 1980s when he abandoned all political activity and his Trotskyist ideology with which he entered into open contradiction, and is dedicated to the private family business in transportation heavy and simultaneously to agriculture and breeding.
In 1996, he temporarily separated from his private activity to return to political activity, but this time under a markedly different ideological sign, rather from the center-right, since he dedicated himself to building the political organization Project Venezuela throughout the country.
2 years later in 1998, he was appointed campaign manager of the presidential candidate of the former governor of the Carabobo state, Henrique Salas Römer, belonging to the Project Venezuela party.
Because of his extreme political positions against the government in office, Franceschi has been required and prosecuted, which led him to exile from December 2013 in the United States.
He is currently a columnist in several digital newspapers and develops a great activity in social networks since his exile in the United States, particularly on Twitter, Facebook, Periscope, radios, Zello and YouTube.
Franceschi has declared himself a supporter of Vox, a Spanish conservative party with which he has maintained contacts with some of its leaders.
The first design produced was the Y flyer, which Hinterhoeller built in his spare time while building power boats at Shepherd Boats in Niagara-on-the-Lake.
The company went on to build designs such as the Redwing 30, Invader 36, Douglas 31/32 and the Frigate 36 during the late 1960s.
Two years later, in 1977, he reformed his old company in a purpose-built facility in St Catharines, Ontario, on Lake Ontario.
The reformed company engaged yacht designers Mark Ellis for cruising boats like the Niagara 35 and the Nonsuch line and Germán Frers for racing boats like the Niagara 31.
For the smaller boat, George sat on his C&C 30 and made a list of the 10 items which would take an already great boat and make it better.
The Hinterhoeller trademarks expired in 1998 and George Hinterhoeller died from the complications from a stroke in the spring of 1999.
Distance events were held separately, with the 10,000 metres taking place at the Zatopek 10K on 14 December 2017 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne and the 10,000 metres race walk was held in Canberra in 14 January 2018.
The Chess Players is a c.1670 oil on canvas painting by Cornelis de Man, now in the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest, Hungary as Inventory Number 320.
The ethnic makeup of the school is approximately 89.3% Non-Hispanic White, 4.6% Hispanic or Latino, 3.2% Non-Hispanic Black or African American, 1.7% Asian, 0.5% Native American, and 0.7% from two or more races.
Aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys refer to a class of nanostructured metal powders that spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen gas upon contact with water or any liquid containing water.
This method of hydrogen generation is notable in the field of energy research due to its fast-acting capacity to efficiently create hydrogen at room temperature without the need for any chemicals, catalysts, or externally supplied power.
However, at the same time, water oxidizes the aluminum and causes a thin protective layer of aluminum oxide to rapidly form on the surface of the metal, preventing further hydrolysis.
In order for the aluminum to continuously produce hydrogen gas, scientists had to forcefully remove or at least fracture the aluminum oxide layer, typically dissolving it in water with the help of hazardous compounds such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, or expensive elements such as gallium/indium.
Other methods apply external energy in the form of an electric current or superheated steam to slowly force the reaction at elevated temperatures.
The aluminum based nanogalvanic alloy, a particulate material invented by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), is able to generate hydrogen by hydrolysis at room temperature with any liquid that contains water (e.g.
as the cathode, rapidly disturbs the formation of the native oxide layer and thus continually exposes fresh aluminum surfaces to hydrolysis.
Aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys were initially discovered by researchers of the Metals Branch of ARL’s Weapons and Materials Research Directorate (WMRD) while they were testing a new nanostructured aluminum alloy intended for structural materials applications.
During metallographic polishing for microhardness experiments, they noticed that the aluminum was disappearing upon contact with water and soon realized that it was creating hydrogen gas in the process.
In 2019, the hydrogen fuel company H2 Power, LLC was the first to receive an exclusive license to use the aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys to investigate automotive and transportation power generation applications for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other vehicles.
As of 2019, ARL researchers are looking for ways to improve the production and manufacturing process of the aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys.
Aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys are characterized by the size of their galvanic microstructure and consist of particles with a mesh size of -325, which is equivalent to a diameter of around 50 microns.
Since the grain size of the powders is in the nanometer scale and the particle size is tens of microns similar to conventional powders, no additional health hazards are associated with the handling of the nanogalvanic powders.
of hydrogen gas per gram of aluminum in less than 1 minute and 1340 ml—100% of the theoretical yield at 295 K and 1 atm.—in 3 minutes without the need for hazardous or costly materials, or additional processes.
These nanogalvanic structured powders can be manufactured by means of high energy ball milling at room temperature or at lower temperatures.
The powders may be compacted in the form of tablets for ease of transportation, which would reduce reliance on high-pressure or liquid hydrogen cylinders traditionally used for shipment.
Due to their high energy efficiency, non-toxic nature, and transportation ease, the alloy powders have also been considered as an alternative energy source for batteries (when coupled with fuel cells) during reconnaissance for soldiers on the battlefield.
Additionally, the alloy powder may also be 3D-printed into self-cannibalizing drone components that could recharge the drone’s hydrogen supply by making contact with water whenever it runs low on power.
ARL researchers also discovered that the hydrogen generation rate increases by almost two-fold when the aluminum based nanogalvanic alloy powder comes in contact with urine, when compared with pure water.
Because of this unique property, scientists have considered applying the aluminum powder in austere environments where power and water are scarce, such as deserts or space, where urine could be repurposed as a fuel source.
Whether converted from existing temples or built for purpose as churches and centers for Christian education, buildings known as Nanban-ji (temple of/for the southern barbarians) were present in Kyōto, Nagasaki, Hirado, Azuchi, Osaka, Kanazawa, Sunpu, and Edō.
Structures known as Nanban-ji were destroyed from Toyotomi Hideyoshi's 1588 edict against Christians in Japan, with some fragments of construction remaining and eventually being deposited in museum.
Born in the United Kingdom, Leighton served as a lieutenant in the Suffolk Regiment during the latter stages of First World War.
He succeeded his father as managing director and, after the Second World War, when contracting margins tightened in the UK, he emigrated to Australia to establish and expand the Australian Branch of the business.
Under his leadership, the company became a major contractor in Australia and was the subject of an initial public offering on the Melbourne Stock Exchange in 1962.
He had gone to the cafe to wash himself after canoeing on the canals from Oxford and the Thames to Bath and the Severn.
De Courcy Ireland had paramedical training from the St John Ambulance and the Red Cross, and in 1936 she volunteered as part of a medical team to go to Barcelona with the republican international brigades in the Spanish Civil War.
She was already known for her public speaking throughout the north of England, so upon her return her addressed a number of public meetings about the Spanish Civil War.
The couple moved to Ireland in 1938, when John was commissioned to write a book about the Northern Irish border (a commission that was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II).
Due to John's activities with trade union opposition to British and American naval construction on Lough Foyle as a member of the Irish Local Security Force, he was dismissed and the couple moved to Dublin when he took up a position as a history teacher at the St Patrick's Cathedral Grammar School.
The couple joined the Unitarian Church, St Stephen's Green, Dublin in 1953, and continued to be active supporters of the Red Cross.
She took part in the first two marches of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) at Aldermaston, Berkshire in 1958 to 1959, and founded the Irish branch of CND, serving as its secretary.
The Irish CND erected a plaque to her in People's Park, Dún Laoghaire in 2002 in honour of her and John.
The 2020 World Rugby Sevens Challenger Series is the inaugural season of the second-tier global circuit for rugby sevens that has promotion and relegation with the World Rugby Sevens Series first-tier circuit.
The first two events are played in South America before the third and final event is hosted as part of the Hong Kong Sevens tournament, featuring only the top 8 teams in the standings.
The final leg in Hong Kong has a playoff format, with the winner gaining promotion to the World Rugby Sevens Series for the 2020–21 season.
The divider between positions 8 and 9 represents the threshold at which teams need to be above to qualify for the Hong Kong Sevens event.
The World Rugby Sevens Challenger Series is an international rugby sevens tournament created in late 2019 and run by World Rugby.
It acts as a second-tier competition below the World Rugby Sevens Series, with the winner of each season being promoted to the Sevens Series, and the lowest-placed team in the Sevens Series being relegated to the Challenger Series.
The Challenger Series was launched in late 2019, and will take place in February 2020, ending at the Hong Kong Sevens in April.
Two events in South America (Chile, Uruguay) and a final play-off style event alongside the Hong Kong Sevens, which will consist of only the eight highest placed-teams from the previous two events.
Ashleigh Plumptre (born 8 May 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Leicester City in the FA Women's Championship.
Plumptre started her senior career with Notts County, having played for Asfordby Amateurs, Leicester City, Birmingham City and Derby County at youth level, making 10 appearances in all competitions during her time with the club, scoring once and reaching the 2015 FA Women's Cup Final and 2015 FA WSL Cup final.
Plumptre moved to the United States in 2016 to join the USC Trojans women's soccer team, playing 17 times, helping the Trojans to the 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.
Sleeping Girl or Young Woman Sleeping is an oil on canvas painting by an unknown 17th century artist active in Rome, sometimes dated to c.1620 and previously attributed to Theodoor van Loon or Domenico Fetti.
On January 5, 2020, former governor of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission in order to compete in the 2020 United States presidential election as a Libertarian.
In 2002, he was the only Republican Senator to vote against the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002.
Opting against a potentially troubled run for re-election as governor, Chafee instead unsuccessfully campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2015.
During his candidacy, Chafee criticized Hillary Clinton for her public support of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and her use of a private email server, but he became better known for his outwardly positive demeanor as well his unique support for converting the country to the metric system.
With troublingly low polling and fundraising numbers, as well as a poor performance at the first Democratic primary debate, Chafee withdrew from the race in October 2015.
In 2019, following his move to the state of Wyoming, Lincoln Chafee registered as a member of the Libertarian Party, which he announced through an op-ed.
His announcement prompted speculation from several Libertarian Party insiders and activists that the former governor was considering a run for the party's presidential nomination in 2020.
While individuals such as former New York gubernatorial candidate Larry Sharpe and national party chair Nicholas Sarwark were supportive of this prospect, others including the Rhode Island state chair Pat Ford were more skeptical due to Chafee's historical positions on gun control issues, among other things.
On January 5, 2020, Chafee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission to form a candidate committee for the 2020 United States presidential election.
Don Cheadle is an American actor, author, director, producer and writer that has appeared in numerous films and television series since the early 1980's.
Mitchell-Rankin earned her Bachelor of Arts from Spelman College in 1976 and his Juris Doctor from George Washington University Law School in 1979.
Bush nominated Mitchell-Rankin on September 29, 1989, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Reggie Barnett Walton.
Mitchell-Rankin was born and raised in Washington D.C.. She is married to fellow D.C. Superior Court judge Michael Rankin and they have four children.
Borneo is shared with Malaysia and Brunei; Sebatik (located northeast of Borneo) is shared with Malaysia; Timor is shared with East Timor; and New Guinea is shared with Papua New Guinea (east side).
In November 2015, Indonesia's security chief Luhut Panjaitan said Indonesia could take China before an international court if Beijing's claim to the majority of the South China Sea and part of Indonesian territory is not resolved through dialogue.
During the 19th century there was a significant decline in the economic situation of the Balkan Jews in general and the regions of Bulgaria and Macedonia in particular, which coincided with the end of the Ottoman Empire.
The Jews lived in poverty and, as happened in many Jewish communities in Europe, purchased the most inexpensive and popular food products and so the food was based on the root of celery and carrots.
Apio is prepared by cooking slices of celery root and carrots in a variety of spices suitable for the purpose of the dish, usually herbs and lemon juice or vinegar.
The 1997 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour.
District 16 covers all of Jefferson County and parts of Berkeley County at the far eastern edge of the state's Eastern Panhandle.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 2nd congressional district, and overlaps with the 59th, 60th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 65th, 66th, and 67th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The flanks are marked wth indistinct whitish bars and there is aa white stripe along its back which sits above a wide, yellowish or darker coloured stripe, although this may not be present.
This species has 9-10 spines in its dorsal fin which also has 12-13 soft rays while the anal fin has 2-3 spines and 11-12 soft rays.
In Australian waters it occurs at Ningaloo Reef, Rowley Shoals and Scott Reef in Western Australia, Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea, and the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, it also occurs around Norfolk Island in the Tasman Sea and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
He made his List A debut for Kandy Customs Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 4 March 2019.
He was one of the leading juvenile colts in Japan in 2019 when he was undefeated in three races including the Tokyo Sports Hai Nisai Stakes and Hopeful Stakes.
He was from the ninth crop of foals sired by Deep Impact, who was the Japanese Horse of the Year in 2005 and 2006, winning races including the Tokyo Yushun, Tenno Sho, Arima Kinen and Japan Cup.
Contrail's dam Rhodochrosite was bred in Kentucky but exported to Japan after being sold for $385,000 at the Keeneland Associaton Yearling Sale in September 2011.
Her dam Folklore was a top-class performer in the United States, winning the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies in 2005 and was a female-line descendant of the broodmare Stolen Base (foaled 1967), making her a distant relative of Smarty Jones.
Contrail made his racecourse debut in a contest for previously unraced juveniles over 1800 metres at Hanshin Racecourse on 15 September and won from the filly Frevo and seven others.
On 16 November the colt was stepped up in class for the Grade 3 Tokyo Sports Hai Nisai Stakes over 1800 metres at Tokyo Racecourse in which he was ridden by Ryan Moore and started the 1.5/1 favourite in an eight-runner field.
After racing in fifth place he moved forward on the outside approaching the final turn, took the lead 400 metres from the finish and drew away to win by five lengths from Al Jannah.
Contrail was moved up to the highest class and started favourite for the Hopeful Stakes over 2000 metres at Nakayama Racecourse on 28 December when he was ridden by Yuichi Fukunaga.
His twelve opponents included Wakea (winner of the Ivy Stakes), Weltreisende (Hagi Stakes), Authority (Fuyo Stakes) and Black Hole (Sapporo Nisai Stakes).
He does tend to be a little keen but the training staff had conditioned him to be in a good motivated mood so it worked well in the race.
In January 2020, at the JRA Awards for 2019, Contrail was named Best Two-Year-Old Colt, beating Salios by 197 votes to 77.
She then moved to Paris became general commissioner of the Guides de France, summoned by Olave Baden-Powell, where she served from 1953 to 1979.
Cheroutre served as President of the National Council for Community Life (CNVA) from 1983 to 1993, and she became a member of the French Economic, Social and Environmental Council in 1984.
The only species, Zanardinia typus, commonly known as penny weed, is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Portions that become detached and wash up on the shore may crinkle as they dry and resemble pieces of blackish leather.
The edge of the thallus is two cells thick, and in the growth zone, the cells divide several times to form a thickened area with an upper cortex with about five rows of cells, a central parenchyma composed of long, thick-walled cells, and a lower cortex, with one or two rows of cells from which the rhizoids emerge.
Emily Hale (October 27, 1891 – October 12, 1969), was an American speech and drama teacher, who was the longtime muse and confidante of the poet T. S. Eliot.
Exactly 1,131 letters from Eliot to Hale were deposited in Princeton University Library in 1956 and were among the best-known sealed archives in the world for many years.
The couple lived in Boston but spent their summers from 1930 to 1939 in Chipping Campden, England, with Hale also attending.
She graduated from Miss Porter's School, and she was a speech and drama teacher at various women's colleges from 1916 onwards, including Simmons University (then College) (1916–1921), Milwaukee-Downer College (1921–1928) (now part of Lawrence University), Scripps College (1932–1934), and Smith College (1936–1942), as well as the all-girls Concord Academy and Abbot Academy preparatory schools at the end of her teaching career.
Hale was an active member of the Unitarian Church and also the League of Women Voters, and she was a volunteer on the Sophia Smith Collection.
According to a note by Eliot on their relationship, written in 1960, he met and fell in love with Hale in 1912 as a graduate student studying philosophy at Harvard, and declared his love for her shortly before leaving for Europe in 1914; biographers have recorded that Eliot left that meeting with the impression that Hale did have similar feelings.
Eliot visited Hale in California over the New Year's holidays in 1932-33, then decided to seek a formal separation from his wife when he returned to England in 1933.
Hale and Eliot spent the summers from 1935 to 1939 together in Campden, Gloucestershire, as the guests of her aunt and uncle, the Perkinses.
While Hale never openly regarded herself as Eliot's muse, it is known she identified herself in various other Eliot poems, when teaching her students at various colleges.
The war intervened, and Hale and Eliot would not meet again until 1946, by which time Eliot was 58 and Hale was 55; however, after the death of Vivienne in 1947, Eliot arranged a meeting with Hale at which he told her he no longer could marry her.
Hale had anticipated that they would live together when Vivienne died and was shocked and sad when she learned Eliot had decided not to marry her.
Eliot's relationship with Hale was said by some biographers to provide Eliot with a model of a silent, ethereal woman and chaste love that could be indefinitely sustained.
Hale's own feelings for Eliot are largely unknown, partly because Eliot burned all of her letters after he married his much younger secretary Esmé Valerie Fletcher, in 1957.
From 1942 she explored with Thorp the idea of keeping Eliot's letters in the Princeton University Library for safekeeping, finally deciding to do this in July 1956.
Hale specified that the letters should be kept closed for fifty full years after the latter of her or Eliot's death.
Hale died after Eliot, on 12 October 1969 in Concord, and therefore, the archive was only opened to scholars in January 2020, revealing 1,131 letters from Eliot to Hale dating from the period 1930 to 1956.
The letters include much information about the evolving relationship between Hale and Eliot, and, in some cases, contradicts some other published sources.
The letters can only be read in person at the library; a compilation of the letters is now being prepared, and its editor, John Haffenden, has said he anticipates it will be published in 2021.
In a surprise to scholars, Eliot's estate simultaneously issued a written statement by him to be opened on the release of Hale's letters.
Presenters for this season are Pär Lernström and Samir Badran, the jury consists of Alexander Bard, David Batra, Bianca Ingrosso and LaGaylia Frazier.
The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 1990–1991 was presented to the House of Commons of Canada by finance minister Michael Wilson on 20 February 1990.
The 1990 budget did not introduce major tax change as income taxes were reformed in prior years and the Goods and Service tax was scheduled for implementation on January 1, 1991.
The 1990 budget sets out a control plan for expenditures and was predicted to yield $2.8 billion in savings in fiscal year 1990-91 and $3.3 billion in fiscal year 1991-92.
Herb Gray, interim leader of the Official Opposition, rejected many features of the budget, notably the cuts to transfers to provinces and capping of research and science budget.
Paul Martin, Liberal MP and candidate to the leadership of the Liberal Party, also rejected the budget as a symbol of the Conservatives' mismanagement of the economy.
Audrey McLaughlin, leader of the New Democratic Party held that the budget would not help students or homeless people and decried the lack of environmental measures, despite prior ambitious declarations made by the Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the Minister of Environment Lucien Bouchard.
The minister warns that the federal budget will likely lead tax increases for Quebec taxpayers to offset the downfall in revenues.
Burgess Field Nature Park (aka just Burgess Field) is a nature reserve next to Port Meadow, Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England, managed by Oxford City Council.
The site is located between Port Meadow to the west and the railway line to the east, just to the north of the Aristotle Lane entrance to Port Meadow and the Trap Ground Allotments.
There are open grass areas, some woodland, and a path around the edge of the site, as well as some paths crossing the site.
The site includes a memorial stone to John Thompson (1941–2015), the city of Oxford's landscape architect, who inspired the nature reserve and planted over 10,000 trees in Oxford.
At univeristy, Kutscher studied German, philosophy and history, and later worked as a newspaper editor prior to beginning his career as a novelist.
The series was an instant hit in Germany and was awarded the Berlin Krimi-Fuchs Crime Writers Prize in 2011 and has sold over one million copies worldwide.
In December 2019, the European Film Academy awarded the series with the inaugural Achievement in Fiction Series Award at the European Film Awards.
Apart from the Soup Kitchen, KSK also has other programs like the Food Bank program and Family And Community Empowerment (FACE) program.
It premiered at the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival and will be released in theaters and on demand on February 21, 2020.
When a stand-up comedian is forced to move back to Long Island, he forms an unlikely friendship with an alcoholic dermatologist.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 6 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
Frieda Hodapp (born August 13, 1880 in Helmstadt-Bargen, died on September 14, 1949 in Bad Wiessee) was a German pianist and student of Max Reger.
After her first appearance in Darmstadt in 1899, she began her career in 1901 with a concert tour to St. Petersburg and Moscow.
She was married to the Dutch-German music educator James Kwast, after his death she married Otto Krebs shortly before his death in 1941.
McEachron was born in New York state in 1855 and he moved to the Dakota Territory as a pioneer in 1880; he died in 1939.
He made his first team debut the following 5 January, coming on as a late substitute for Federico Piovaccari in a 1–0 home defeat of Girona FC for the Segunda División championship.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 6 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his first-class debut on 31 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament.
He won these medals in the men's 50 metre freestyle S6, the men's 100 metre freestyle S6 and the men's 100 metre breaststroke SB6 events.
The knockout stage of the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage.
It began on 30 June with the quater-finals and ended on 10 July 1999 with the final match, held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena.
A total of eight teams (the top two teams from each group) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament.
In all knockout matches apart from the third place play-off, if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, extra time was played (two periods of 15 minutes each).
If the third place play-off was level at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, no extra time would be played, and the match would immediately be decided by a penalty shoot-out.
Giovanni Batista Lenzi (1951 - 1 June 2009) was an Italian politician who was a member of the Regional Council of Trentino-Alto Adige from 2003 until his death aboard Air France Flight 447 in 2009.
Giovanni Battista Lenzi was born in 1951 in Samone, Trentino, where he became a councillor in 1980 and later became the mayor in 1985 He was the district president of Bassa Valsugana e Tesino from 1996 until 2003.
He was a provincial board member of the Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions and was also the president of his native Samone from 1979 until 2003.
In the thirteenth council, which lasted from 2003 until 2008, Lenzi was one of thirteen members of the Daisy Civic List parliamentary group.
In the fourteenth council, which lasted from 2008 until 2013, Lenzi was one of seven members of the Union for Trentino parliamentary group.
Lenzi was on Air France Flight 447 returning home from visiting Italian Brazilian people alongside Rino Zandonai and Mayor of Canal San Bovo Luigi Zortea when it crashed into the Atlantic Ocean en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris.
He was succeeded as a councillor by Gianfranco Zanon of the Mixed Group parilamentary group, while Renzo Anderle succeeded him in his parliamentary commission position.
Distance events were held separately, with the 10,000 metres taking place at the Zatopek 10K on 8 December 2017 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne and the 5000 metres taking place at the Summer of Athletics Meet in Canberra on 11 March 2017.
The dramatic apex of the film featured two men and a girl defending themselves against an attack by an intoxicated Mexican soldiers until they are rescued by United States Troopers.
The hero of the drama, a young prospector discovers a gold mine but is shot by the father of the girl he loves.
Steve, while stumbling through the underbrush one day, trips, and, in throwing out his hand to save himself, accidentally strikes a rich lode.
Overjoyed at his discovery he starts for town for some supplies and on the way he meets Barker, a villainous old miner, who is starting off with his wife and beautiful daughter, Ruth, to prospect.
He is about to kill Steve, but his wife interferes only to be brutally beaten, and he desists only when his daughter threatens to shoot him.
Following graduate work in applied mathematics, he spent his entire career at the Rand Corporation as an expert on compilers and optimization tasks.
Two other students, R. B. Killgrove and K. E. Ralston, took advantage of the state-of-the-art SWAC computer installed at UCLA and confirmed it for the first 63419 primes.
Lee F. Satterfield is a former chief judge and a senior judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
Satterfield earned his Bachelor of Arts in Economics from University of Maryland in 1980 and his Juris Doctor from George Washington University Law School in 1983.
Since 1991, Satterfield taught Criminal Trial Practice and Advanced Criminal Procedure at the Catholic University Columbus School of Law as an adjunct professor for over twenty years.
President George Bush nominated Satterfield on June 19, 1992, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Robert McCance Scott.
In 2016, he requested to be appointed to a third term but the Judicial Nomination Commission chose Robert E. Morin as chief judge.
He made his List A debut on 17 December 2019, for Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
On 19 February 2019, after failing to agree terms on a new contract, he left the club and joined Racing de Santander.
He made his senior debut eleven days later, coming on as a late substitute for Alberto Noguera in a 1–1 Segunda División B home draw against SD Amorebieta.
Assigned to the reserves for the 2019–20 campaign, Tresaco made his professional debut on 4 January 2020, replacing Jon Ander late into a 0–0 away draw against CD Mirandés for the Segunda División championship.
He served as a member of the House of Representatives between 1952 and 1957, and then as Chief of Police from 1957 until his death in 1967.
Letuli died in May 1967 at the age of 61 during a trip to Honolulu to see three American Samoan officers graduate from the Honolulu Police Academy.
The knockout stage of the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage.
It began on 24 November with the quarter-finals and ended on 30 November 1991 with the final match, held at the Tianhe Stadium in Guangzhou.
A total of eight teams (the top two teams from each group, along with the two best third-placed teams) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament.
In the knockout stage, if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, extra time was played (two periods of 15 minutes each).
The top two placed teams from each of the three groups, plus the two best-placed third teams, qualified for the knockout stage.
Nawaf had promising results as a junior, winning the Asian 14&Under Championships and finished as runner-up at the Junior Orange Bowl.
The technology sector overall employs over 120,000 people, and technology is New Zealand's third largest export sector, accounting for $8.7 billion dollars of exports, with information technology creating 50,000 full time jobs, and about $1 billion in IT services exports.
In 1964, the first local IT services company was Computer Bureau Limited (CBL), the predecessor of Datacom, followed shortly by Computer Services Limited in September 1964, founded by Denis Trotman.
In the early 1970s Gil Simpson and Peter Hoskins wrote LINC fourth-generation programming language (4GL) which was marketed internationally by Burroughs.
In the 1980s Progeni, working with Wellington Polytechnic, with finance from the Development Finance Corporation, developed the Poly microcomputer, which was exported to Australia and China.
IT product companies are businesses that provide applications or products that focus on a particular sector and include Xero, Gentrack, Serko, Pushpay and Jade.
Beneath the Waves is a non-governmental, nonprofit organization set up to advance the conservation of sharks, their habitats, and broader ocean health.
Through its partnerships with other NGOs, universities, the private sector and the general public, the organization has researched sharks and their ecosystems.
As apex predators, sharks play an essential role in the functioning of the marine ecosystem by removing sick or weak animals and leaving food scraps, which consumed by scavengers.
The organization’s CEO, Dr. Austin Gallagher, believes that scientific data can provide a clearer picture of shark conservation needs, which can inform and improve the creation of marine protected areas.
Humans harvest and kill between 63 million to 273M sharks per year, mainly for their fins which are a delicacy and retain high socioeconomic values in the shark fin trade.
The crew operates in both Bahamian and U.S. waters, and their research covers Tiger Sharks, Hammerhead Sharks, Nurse Sharks, and Caribbean Reef Sharks.
It does this by catching sharks and tagging the creatures with acoustic transmitters which are fitted externally on the dorsal fin or implanted directly into the shark’s body cavity and sutured closed.
The scientists analyze the data using Statistical modeling to discern which ecosystem the shark’s prey originated from which in turn reveals which ecosystems are most important in supporting the shark biomass.
In 2017 Beneath the Waves partnered with the ocean conservation non-profit Oceana, the organization that developed the Global Fishing Watch online platform.
Oceana then imported into the information into their database; the results showed that sharks were frequently crossing paths with active fishing boats in the Nantucket Shoals.
Ocean conservationists hope that the results of the findings could be used by fishery managers to impose restrictions in areas where sensitive species are known to gather.
The Extremaduran Regional Action (; AREX) was a Spanish political party founded on 7 November 1976 as the first regionalist party in Extremadura.
AREX joined the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) electoral alliance ahead of the 1977 Spanish general election, gaining 4 seats in the Congress of Deputies.
The 1995 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 6 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
The Round of 64 draw took place on 21 December and was broadcast live on Algérie 3 at 6:00 p.m local time.
This round saw two matches between teams from Ligue Professionnelle 1, CS Constantine vs NC Magra and AS Ain M'lila vs JS Kabylie.
The Round of 16 and Quarter-finals draw took place on 30 January and was broadcast live on Algérie 3 at 6:00 p.m local time.
The Thailand women's national football team has represented Thailand at the FIFA Women's World Cup at two stagings of the tournament; they have appeared in the last two tournaments, held in 2015 and 2019.
The haruwa–charuwa system is a forced-labour system based on debt bondage, prevalent in the agricultural sector of the eastern Terai region in Nepal.
Due to a lack of bargaining power, they are forced to accept outrageous interest rates, often compounded, which means that the debt can never be repaid via labour.
Such a debt-bonded haruwa–charuwa relationship lasts a life time and is usually inherited by the children of the indebted families as well.
A less egregious form of haruwa–charuwa practice involves families in extreme poverty working on a temporary or seasonal basis under unfair contracts.
While many charuwas are women and children of a haruwa's family, others are exclusively cattle herding labourers working under similar conditions as haruwas.
However, most haruwas are still found to exhaust their whole life in service of a single landlord once they enter such a relationship.
As they can not make any savings during their working age, most haruwa–charuwas find themselves in a precarious position when they grow old.
The only recourse for haruwa–charuwas who want to leave their masters is to seek loan from another landlord to repay the loan to their current master and enter into servitude of the new landlord.
In some communities, haruwa–charuwas enter the service of a landlord under an annual contract on a designated auspicious day, such as Shree Panchami.
They also receive a daily wage of a few kilos of grain on days they work for the landlords, however they are not allowed to seek employment elsewhere when the landlord doesn't need them.
There is a very high incidence of forced child labour, often unpaid, including children under the age of ten, among the haruwa–charuwa families, who are often also subjected to emotional and physical as well as sexual abuse.
Those children who do not have to work for the landlords are instead sent to work in industries or the service sectors in urban areas, chiefly brick kilns and restaurants.
A Freedom Fund survey estimated the number of bonded labourers under the haruwa–charuwa system nationwide at around 97,000 adults and 13,000 children.
A 2013 ILO report estimated a total of 69,738 haruwa–charuwa families in these seven districts, about 9% of the total households in these districts.
Among the seven districts, Dhanusha, Siraha and Saptari, which have a greater density of Dalit populations, have a greater prevalence rate.
According to James A. R. Nafziger, the haruwa–charuwa system falls under the category of forced/compulsory labour practices prohibited by the ILO's Forced Labour Convention of 1930.
Nepal has previously categorically abolished the kamaiya and haliya systems and freed thousands of bonded labourers, many of whom have begun to return to their former masters due to severe poverty and lack of alternative opportunities for livelihood.
By contrast, haruwa–charuwa labourers have never been specifically declared freed, although Nepali constitution and laws prohibit forced and bonded labour in general, with the Kamaiya Labour (Prohibitions) Act 2002 specifically having declared a ban on forced labour, including as haruwa–charuwas.
The interim constitution of 2007 stipulated a policy for upliftment of marginalised communities including haruwa–charuwas; however, it has not resulted in any concrete programmes.
In the annual budget for economic year 2011–12, the government had included provisions for education and employment of haruwa–charuwa communities and for providing loans at affordable rates for self-employment.
However, no programmes were launched to officially document and identify haruwa–charuwas and therefore, they could not benefit from any such programmes.
Haruwa–charuwas have not been able to benefit from similar such programmes of subsequent years that target the economically marginalised communities and freed forced labourers, for the same reason.
According to an ILO survey, a third of haruwa–charuwa families reside in places which are not their own homes, 37% are landless and an additional 40% near-landless.
Starting in 2008, the International Labour Organisation in partnership with the Government of Nepal, ran programmes to increase education and deter child labour among haruwa–charuwa communities, among others.
Thirty-six million dollars were allocated for the programme which included withdrawal of haruwa–charuwa children from child labour and enrollment into formal education or out-of-school Programmes (OSP), non-formal education (NFE) and pre-vocational training for older children as well as literacy training, vocational training and group-dynamics training for haruwa–charuwa adults.
The programme aimed at sustainable elimination of child labour and reintegration of families under forced-labour systems as free and economically independent members of the society.
He made his List A debut on 23 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 6 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
It was painted for the Spanish royal court and remained in the royal collection in Madrid until the second half of the 18th century.
Its subject is drawn from Livy 2:12 and its account of Mucius Scaevola's bravery before Lars Porsenna after the former's failed attempt to assassinate the latter.
Initial oil sketches and drawings for the work date to before 1620 and are now in the Pushkin Museum and British Museum.
The drawings now in the British Museum shows two men holding their nose at the smell of burning flesh, whereas van Dyck only included one, immediately behind Scaevola himself.
After U.S. goalkeeper Briana Scurry was sent off for handling the ball outside the penalty area in the 88th minute, and with no substitutions remaining, outfielder Mia Hamm took her place in goal.
The knockout stage of the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage.
It began on 13 June with the quarter-finals and ended on 18 June 1995 with the final match, held at the Råsunda Stadium in Solna.
A total of eight teams (the top two teams from each group, along with the two best third-placed teams) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament.
In the knockout stage, if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, extra time was played (two periods of 15 minutes each), where each team was allowed to make a fourth substitution.
The top two placed teams from each of the three groups, plus the two best-placed third teams, qualified for the knockout stage.
It took place on 2 May 2019 at the King Fahd International Stadium in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and was contested between Al-Ittihad and Al-Taawoun.
As winners of the 2019 King Cup, Al-Taawoun qualified for the 2020 AFC Champions League group stage and the 2019 Saudi Super Cup.
This was the sixth King Cup final hosted in the King Fahd International Stadium following those in 1988, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2013.
Its current capacity is 68,752 and it is used by the Saudi Arabia national football team, Al-Nassr, Al-Shabab, and major domestic matches.
Defending champions Al-Ittihad reached a record 18th final after a 4–2 win against Pro League champions Al-Nassr, beating them for the second time in a week.
It has a 8,700 feet long and 148 feet wide runway, as well an 1,165 feet x 328 feet (382,120 square feet) aviation platform.
(Military School of Air Force AeroTactical Application) with T-6C Texan II aircraft to train and update the staff and aviator pilot officers of Mexican Air Force, to serve as auxiliaries or advisors of command in corporation-type organizations.
also prepares pilots to operate aircraft performing different activities such as training, night flights, reconnaissance of the area, air-to-ground firing practices with machone guns, bombs and rockets.
to Zapopan Air Force Base, but an air squad with base in Santa Gertrudis will be created for support activities in the zone.
Cymolutes torquatus, the finescale razorfish, razor wrasse or collared knifefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses.
The other meristic measurements for this species are that it has 9 spines in the dorsal fin as well as 9-12 soft rays while the anal fin has 2-3 spines and 9-12 soft rays.
Nicholas John Andersen (born 29 March 1969) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
The winner of the preliminary round joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1992.
Erika Kaljusaar (born 26 March 1956) is an Estonian stage, film, and television actress, theatre producer, and stage manager whose career began in on stage 1979.
She is a founder of the Open Stage Association of Freelance Actors, and a founding member and leader of the Loomine traditional theatre since 2004.
In 1986, she joined the Vanemuine theatre in Tartu, leaving in 1988. Notable stage roles been in works by such playwrights and authors as: Jüri Tuulik, Albert Uustulnd, Kalju Saaber, Mait Metsanurk, Jaan Kross, Stanislav Stratiev, Carlo Goldoni, A. H. Tammsaare, Georges Feydeau, Jaan Kruusvall, Oldřich Daněk, and Henrik Ibsen.
The couple reside in the village of Padise in Harju County, with a summer home and small farm on the island of Saaremaa.
Marek Forgáč (born 21 January 1974) is Slovak bishop who has been the titular bishop of Seleuciana and the auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of Košice since 2016.
He was serving in the parish of Trebišov (1999 2000), the parish of Snina (2000 2001) and the parish of Humenné (2001 2002).
After the studies, he returned to the University Pastoral Centre of St Martyrs of Košice in Košice as its spiritual administrator.
He absolved his doctoral studies at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Trnava in the department of social psychology in years 2008 2012.
On 11 June 2016, Pope Francis appointed him as the auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of Košice and the titular bishop of Seleuciana.
Marek Forgáč was ordinated by Bernard Bober, archbishop of Košice, cardinal Jozef Tomko, Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, and Mario Giordana, Apostolic Nuncio in Slovakia.
It shows Saint Joseph receiving the second of his dreams warning him of the Massacre of the Innocents (Matthew 2: 13-15).
Stephen Chambers (born 20 July 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 1994 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour.
She serves as Editor for the American Geophysical Union Earth and Space Science journal and was awarded the European Geosciences Union Ian McHarg medal.
The New Caledonian branch of the Union for the New Republic (led by Georges Chatenay) called for more autonomy and for a second smelting company to be introduced to the territory to create competition for Société Le Nickel.
Rock Pidjot also filed a complaint about the election in East constituency, where Caledonian Union candidate and High Chief Goa Alphonse (who was expected to be elected) lost after a fortune teller told his tribe that the chief would die if elected.
The result was a victory for pro-autonomy parties Te E'a Api no Polynesia and Pupu Here Ai'a, which won 16 of the 30 seats.
The 30 members of the Territorial Assembly were elected from five constituencies; the Austral Islands (2 seats), the Leeward Islands (6), the Marquesas Islands (2), Tuamotu–Gambier Islands (4) and the Windward Islands (16).
At one of its final meetings, the previous Assembly had debated proposals by Jean-Baptiste Céran-Jérusalémy that the territory should be an autonomous territory in the French Community, that a new flag should be created for the territory and used alongside the French flag and that Tahitian should become a co-official language alongside French.
Other anti-autonomy parties included the Tahitian Union–Union for the New Republic alliance led by Rudy Bambridge and the Tahitian Democratic Union led by Alfred Poroi.
Pro-autonomy parties included Te E'a Api no Polynesia led by Francis Sanford, Pupu Here Ai'a led by John Teariki and Te Oto I Te Nunaa led by Charles Poroi.
The new Assembly opened on 1 November and elected the five-member Council of Government; the Tahitian Democratic Union voted with the governing parties, electing Leon Assaud, Jean Roy Bambridge, Jean Juventin, Jacques Laurey and André Lonfevre were elected.
It entered into forceon 27 February 1992 and consisted of agreed-upon surveillance overflights between the two countries to assess the strength and disposition of opposing military forces.
The main motivation for the Treaty was to demonstrate stable relations between the two countries after in March 1990, almost 20,000 ethnic Romanians and ethnic Hungarians clashed violently (see Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș).
The clashes were about Transylvania, a region in now-Romania that has gone back and forth between the two countries several times, and which is home to a substantial Hungarian population.
Hopes were high for Harvard entering the season and the Crimson got off to a good start but were stymied by Yale in their third game.
After defeating Princeton Harvard still had a chance to win the Intercollegiate Championship with two final games against the Bulldogs but the Elis proved to be better by taking both and ending Harvard's season on a sour note.
Though the end result was disappointing the future was looking bright for Harvard; this was the last season that the Crimson would not finish with a winning intercollegiate record for 22 years.
David Hodges (born 17 January 1970) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Shrewsbury Town and Torquay United.
It is now in the Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest), which purchased it in 1885 from Alois Hauser the Elder's collection in Munich.
It shows saint Joseph receiving the second of his dreams warning him of the Massacre of the Innocents (Matthew 2: 13-15).
The Rembrandt catalog raisonné of 1908 accepted the painting as an autograph work, but by the time of the catalog raisonné of 1935 it had been re-identified as a studio work, an identification also accepted by the Rembrandt Research Project.
The Chile women's national football team has represented Chile at the FIFA Women's World Cup at one staging of the tournament, in 2019.
Chrystal Heather Champion was born in Dehradun, northern India, to Harry Champion, a British silviculturalist, and Chrystal (Parsons) Champion, a secretary.
Ashton went on to study at the University of Oxford, graduating with a First Class Honours Degree (BA) in Physiology in 1951.
In 1965, Ashton joined the faculty at Newcastle University, first in the Department of Pharmacology and later in the Department of Psychiatry.
Ashton's developed her expertise in the effects of psychoactive drugs and the effects of substances such as nicotine and cannabis on the brain.
During the 1960s, benzodiazepines, like diazepam and temazepam, had become popular and were seen as safe and effective treatment for anxiety or insomnia.
One study found that the overdose death rate among patients taking both benzodiazepines and opioids was 10 times higher than among those who only took opioids.
Ashton's research on these drugs found that they could be used in the short term, but could lead to physical dependence over the long-term.
This lead to her writing an important manual to help those who were trying to quit their addiction, which is now recognised and used all over the world.
Her research on psychotropic drugs led to over 200 journal articles, chapters and books, including over 50 papers concerning benzodiazepines alone.
She was also a recipient of the 2019 Eric Gregory Award for a collection by poets under the age of 30.
This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States during January 2020.
Richard Francis Smith (born 22 October 1967) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Wolverhampton Wanderers.
A longtime supernumerary with the San Francisco Opera, he lives in Petaluma, California, surrounded by a huge collection of Carrollian memorabilia.
After two seasons he was picked up by larger neighbors FK Haugesund, and made his first-tier debut in August 2015 against Start.
In the first half of 2016 he was loaned out to Stord IL, and in 2017 he was loaned out to SK Vard Haugesund, whom he joined permanently in 2018.
She enrolled at Stanford University in 1892, shortly after it opened as one of the very few universities in the United States to admit women.
After graduation, she taught high school history for a while in San Diego but moved to continue her education at the University of Chicago and then Columbia University.
After finishing the book, she accepted a job teaching applied sociology at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, where she taught about European and American labor legislation, social betterment movements, poverty, and criminology.
She was a member of the Nebraska Women's Suffrage Society, the American Association for Labor Legislation, and other organizations promoting labor reform and women's rights in Nebraska and nationally.
When Lucile Eaves died in 1953 in Brookline, Massachusetts she was professor emeritus at Simmons and the school's oldest faculty member then living.
Steven Brian Williams (born 8 July 1970) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield and Mansfield Town.
Mark Gerald Place (born 16 November 1969) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers and Mansfield Town.
It was first isolated from an acidic hot spring in Los Nevados National Natural Park in the Andes Mountains of Colombia.
After losing all three contests against Yale the year before, Harvard made no mistake in defeating the Elis thrice in 1903.
The victories capped off Harvard's second undefeated season but this time, as a member of the Intercollegiate Hockey Association, the Crimson captured their first championship as well.
During the 2010s, inmates linked with various cartels, including Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel, and the Sinaloa Cartel, were added to the prison.
The prison became dangerous and failed several assessments due to the introduction of the cartel inmates, with the last assessment before the riots deeming it to have a lack of governance and an undermined security.
In 2009, the prison was the location of a high-profile escape that freed 53 inmates; a state official, speaking in 2019, said that steps had been taken to improve security after that event.
There was also a plan to cause a riot on New Year's Eve in 2018, to allow another escape, but this was uncovered and prevented.
Inmates used weapons including knives and guns; when the situation was calmed, these were found, including one gun on the person of an inmate.
It is reportedly not known how weapons entered the prison, but speculation from a state official suggested they could have been smuggled during visitation earlier the same day.
It is believed that the riot broke out due to fighting between different cartels, while local media reported that it was a dispute over a football game where old rivalries became inflamed again.
Some of the visitors told the press that they had been able to see dead and injured inmates from the riot.
After the first riot, the prison security announced that they were on alert for any reaction between the prisoners that may occur.
This riot was stopped more quickly; the prison's panic button had been immediately set off, with the state police and ambulance service alerted to the scene.
A state official said on 1 January that the deaths were variously caused by gunshot wounds, stab wounds, and being beaten.
On 1 January, state officials said they increased the security inside and around the prison, and 120 inmates were relocated to prevent more rioting.
After the second riot, the road from the town of Cieneguillas to the prison was closed, and access to the town from outside was also blocked.
The director of the prison, Antonio Solís, was fired on 3 January, with former brigadier general Ignacio López Flores being made director on 8 January.
The Jamaica women's national football team has represented Jamaica at the FIFA Women's World Cup at one staging of the tournament, in 2019.
The Democratic Alliance (DA) is scheduled to hold its Federal Congress in either April or May 2020 to elect the new leadership of the party.
In October 2019, then-party leader Mmusi Maimane announced that the party would seek to hold a policy conference and early elective congress in 2020.
Maimane established a panel consisting of former party leader Tony Leon, former party CEO Ryan Coetzee and Capitec founder Michiel le Roux to come up with an independent report detailing the faults and conflicts within the party.
Federal Council chair James Selfe announced in June 2019 that he would retire in October of the same year, opening up a senior leadership position within the party.
The DA's Federal Council gathered on 19–20 October and Zille was elected chair on 20 October 2019 after she defeated Athol Trollip, Mike Waters and Thomas Walters.
Newly-elected parliamentary leader John Steenhuisen, Western Cape DA provincial leader Bonginkosi Madikizela, and Gauteng MPL Makashule Gana, all declared their candidacies for interim leader.
Deputy federal chair Ivan Meyer, DA Women's Network leader Nomafrench Mbombo, Gauteng MPL Khume Ramulifho, and Buffalo City councillor Dharmesh Dhaya announced that they would contest the election for interim chair.
In the former states that now constitute Rajasthan, khyats were written under the patronage of rulers who wished to perpetuate their exploits.
Thanks to help from the businessman Anton Carry (1797–1860), who had been in charge of the art gallery in Hechingen since 1845, he then went to Augsburg between 1847 and 1854 to study under the painter and art-restorer Anton Deschler (1816–1881) and to attend the city's Kunstschule im Polytechnikum, which was based in the former Katharinenkloster, as was the new Staatsgalerie, founded in 1835.
Probably again through Carry's influence, Hauser met Constantine, who had been living in Silesian Löwenberg since ceding Hohenzollern-Hechingen to the Kingdom of Prussia after the German revolutions of 1848–49.
Hauser took over from Carry as curator of Constantine's collection of paintings, which moved from Hechingen to Löwenberg in the early 1850s, and was officially made curator and court-painter in 1855.
Hauser also continued to work as a painter on the open market via an art-dealer in Bamberg in Upper Franconia, who obtained much more lucrative commissions for him.
This persuaded him to move to Bamberg in 1861, where in a few years he gained a good reputation as a restorer and work on public collections such as the German National Museum in Nuremburg, founded in 1852.
He also carried out restoration for Bamberg's own Kunstinstitut from 1865 onwards as well as being appointed conservator of the city's paintings in 1869.
His growing reputation in the field led him to move again in 1875, this time to Munich, where he took over the Alte Pinakothek's conservation department.
Trainees in his conservation studio in Munich went on to work at other major European museums, including his own son Alois Hauser the Younger (1857–1919), who became head restorer at the Gemäldegalerie (Berlin) in 1887, and Otto Vermehren, later Head of Conservation at the Uffizi in Florence.
In regards to landforms, what is present mainly in the area are mountain ranges such as Sierra del Carche, Sierra del Buey, Sierra Larga and Sierra del Molar.
Other notheworthy landforms that occupy Alto Guadalentín are the mountain ranges Sierra de la Almenara, Sierra de la Carrasquilla, Sierra de Cantar, Sierra de la Torrecilla, Sierra de En medio, and Sierra del Cambrón.
The municipalities Moratalla, Caravaca de la Cruz, and Cehegín are agreed to be included in this area in all the proposals.
According to its largest version, it includes five municipalities: Aledo, Lorca, Alhama de Murcia, Librilla and Mazarrón and has an area of 1024.7 km2.
If the other version is considered, the only municipality that doesn’t belong to this territory is Mazarrón and has an extension of 706 km.
Part of Sierra Espuña, one of the most important mountain ranges in Region of Murcia, is located in the northwest of Bajo Guadalentín.
In regards to mountain reliefs, in this territory there are two/three main mountain reliefs: Sierra Minera Cartagena- La Unión, Sierra de la Muela and Cabezo Gordo.
There is more debate and less agreement about the nature of the comarca where Murcia is included – its size and municipalities that are included.
This is the smallest demarkation about the comarca of Murcia municipality and includes four municipalities: the one that is already mentioned, Santomera, Beniel and Alcantarilla.
According to Atlas Global de la Region de Murcia of La Verdad newspaper, the four municipalities of Huerta de Murcia would be part of a larger comarca which name is Área metropolitana de Murcia, and Molina de Segura, Torre de Cotillas and Alguazas would also belong to it.
They married in the late 1970s, and soon after, because of drug problems, Kenneth went to jail for a brief time, after being arrested on November 27, 1979.
However, the couple started to have a conflicted relationship, highly compromised by drug abuse, and Susan and Kenneth eventually divorced, although they kept sharing their home with each other and their children.
In October 1986, Putnam graduated from the FBI Academy and shortly after, married Kathy Putnam, the daughter of a wealthy real state developer.
Susan and Mark met in the spring of 1987, and they began a constant contact about information of the upcoming Lockhart's criminal plans.
In January 1988, Lockhart was sentenced to 57 years in federal prison for charges of robbery, and Susan received $5,000 (equivalent to $11,730.77 as of 2020).
However, Mark was also involved in other cases in Kentucky, related to auto theft; so, in mid-1989, he returned to finish that investigation.
On June 8, 1989, Putnam and Daniels, went in Putnam's rental car, to a clearing zone, and after a brief discussion and threats by both sides, they began to fight.
Her writings have focused on topics of faith, motherhood, and feminism, particularly in relation to her own Mormonism and the belief in a Heavenly Mother.
Two of the three gold medals came representing England at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in the 10 metres air pistol pair and 50 metres free pistol pair.
Windsor's return didn't change anything for the Crimson as they again won all of their games and claimed their second consecutive Intercollegiate championship.
Mill Farm Sports Village is a multi-sport facility located on the outskirts of the town of Wesham in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England.
Fylde announced plans to move from their current ground at Kellamergh Park in the village of Warton to a then unnamed location, and in February 2010 unveiled plans for a new Community Sports Complex in Wrea Green; however, the planning application was rejected by Fylde Council in April 2012 .
On 3 September 2013, the club announced that new plans had been drawn up for a £18 million multi-sport development, Mill Farm Sports Village, on the outskirts of Wesham .
As well as a 6,000-capacity Football League standard football stadium with supporters' facilities, the development would include community sports pitches, sports science facilities, and commercial opportunities including a supermarket .
The Preston architecture company the Frank Whittle Partnership Limited (the FWP group), who have been involved in the successful design and delivery of a number of other football stadiums in Lancashire was chosen to design the sporting village.
The ground opened on 13 August 2016 for the club's first National League North match of the season against Brackley Town.
As well as the football stadium, the Mill Farm Sports Village also contains 3rd generation artificial turf football and hockey pitches for community use, and a sports science centre.
Mill Farm Sports Village also contains an Aldi supermarket, Euro Garages petrol station with a Sainsbury%27s Local, Greggs bakery and KFC fast food restaurant.
Mill Farm Sports Village is less than 1 mile from Junction 3 of the M55 motorway to the north, which leads to Blackpool to the west and Preston and the M6 to the east.
To the south, the A585 Fleetwood Road forms the Kirkham and Wesham Bypass and connects with the A583 Blackpool Road, a main route between Blackpool and Preston.
by Northern and is serviced by the Preston-Blackpool North and Preston-Blackpool South lines, with up to six services per hour in each direction.
In 2017, the project team behind the Mill Farm Sports Village, composed of representatives from Warden Construction, Frank Whittle Partnership, Mill Farm Ventures and AFC Fylde, PWA Planning, Partington and Associates, Petit Singleton Associates, Preston City Council and Fylde Borough Council, was a regional winner in Local Authority Building Control North West Awards.
Not long after its opening in 2016, Mill Hill Sports Village was criticised by fans and community groups for failing to provide sufficient on-site car parking, and creating traffic problems for the surrounding roads.
Basile-Jean Risopoulos, (October 27, 1919 - May 5, 1997) was a Belgian lawyer and politician who served in the Belgian senate from 1968-1974.
It was here where he became interested in politics, joining the Liberal Party and becoming the president of the young liberals of Schaerbeek at age 19.
Toward the end of the war, Risopoulos traveled to Scotland where he received training to become a Commando in the British Army.
After five months in Germany, Risopoulos continued his legal career, working as an intern with the Brussels bar association and beginning a position with the Ministry of Reconstruction, where he began his career as a lawyer.
He served as president of the Young Bar Association from 1961-1962 and as secretary of the Belgian Bar Association from 1963-1965.
In January 1965 he became a delagate to the Liberal Party's convention in Liege and later served on the Commission for Improvement of Community Relations (Meyers Commission).
In reaction to the growing Flemish nationalist movement, Risopoulos stood up for liberal views, advocating for bilingualism and defending the rights of Francophones in Flanders.
In 1968, the Walen buiten affair at the Université de Louvain led to the end of the PSC/PLPcoalition government and created a political division where political parties were based on linguistic differences.
From 1974-1976 he was the President of the Liberal Party's Brussels division and a participant in the Senate debates on Belgian federalism until 1977.
Risopoulos later founded with François Persoons, Lucine Outers, André Lagasse, et Antoinnette Spaak with the goal to defend and protect the rights of francophones in the Brussels Region.
In 1978, Risopoulos rejoined the Francophone Democratic Federalists because, according to him, the other parties had not done enough to prevent the rise of Flemish Nationalist movements.
From 1986-1989, he served as president of the first Brussels Regional Council as well as the Vice President to the Prime Minister of the French Community Commission and an échevin for the City of Brussels.
From 1994-1997 he took part in the community management of Ixelles, where he became the échevin for Finance, Personnel and Litigation.
During his career, Risopoulos was a patron of performance art, following the work of the Mudra Ballet school, and the Royal Conservatory of Brussels.
From 1971-1975, in addition to his legal and political positions, he served as Vice President for the administrative council of Université libre de Bruxelles, President of the Maison de la Francité as well as a member of the AFAL (Francophone Association of Friendship and Liaison).
Ivan Simeonov Duichev (; May 1, 1907, Sofia - April 24, 1986, Sofia) is a Bulgarian historian and paleographer with a focus on Bulgarian and Byzantine medieval history.
Throughout his scientific and research life he has followed the maxim of his teacher Vasil Zlatarski that Bulgarian history is inextricably linked and incomprehensible without Byzantine history.
In 1945, for the purpose of educating and publicizing the war in support of the Macedonian Bulgarians, the new Greek authorities included Ivan Duychev in a list of Bulgarian, Italian, and German military and other individuals to be tried in Athens as war criminals.
Member of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Palermo, Corresponding Member of the British Academy (London), Member of the Pontifical Academy of Archeology (Rome), winner of the Herder Prize (1974).
Ivan Duichev contributed to the definitive methodological continuity perception of the medieval history of Bulgaria with respect to Byzantine Bulgaria and Ottoman Bulgaria.
The 2020 American Athletic Conference football season is the 29th NCAA Division I FBS Football season of the American Athletic Conference (The American).
The season is the eighth since the former Big East Conference dissolved and became the American Athletic Conference and the seventh season of the College Football Playoff in place.
The American is considered a member of the Group of Five (G5) together with Conference USA (C–USA), the Mid-American Conference (MAC), the Mountain West Conference and the Sun Belt Conference.
The Memphis Tigers secured their third consecutive West division title and faced the East champion Cincinnati Bearcats in the American Athletic Conference title, defeating Cincinnati in the 2019 AAC Championship game.
The Huskies' Big East entrance date was confirmed for July 1, 2020 after UConn and The American reached a buyout agreement.
At the time this agreement was announced, UConn also announced that its football team would become an FBS independent once it joined the Big East.
The American has no immediate plan to add another team to rebalance division, so divisions have been eliminated from the conference for the time being.
On December 8, 2019 after Norvell's departure to Florida State, Silverfield served as the interim head coach before being promoted to head coach on December 13, 2019.
This is a list of games The American has scheduled versus power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC).
The following games include The American teams competing against FBS independents other than Notre Dame, which is universally considered a Power Five program, or BYU, which some but not all Power Five leagues consider to be a Power Five opponent for non-conference scheduling purposes.
Currently, the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources.
The system consists of three points for a first-team honor, two points for second-team honor, and one point for third-team honor.
Football consensus teams are compiled by position and the player accumulating the most points at each position is named first team consensus all-American.
She represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won two silver medals: in the women's 50 metre freestyle S13 event and in the women's 100 metre butterfly S13 event.
The 2020 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour is an upcoming endurance race that will be staged on the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst, in New South Wales, Australia on 2 February 2020.
It will be the 18th running of the Bathurst 12 Hour, and the opening round of both the 2020 Intercontinental GT Challenge and the 2020 Australian Endurance Championship.
No entries were recorded for Class B, for Lamborghini Huracán Super Trofeo Evo, Porsche 911 GT3 Cup and new Ferrari 488 Challenge Evo spec vehicles.
In 1973 he obtained a diploma from higher studies at the University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas and in 1977, a doctorate in law from the University of Carabobo.
Between October 19794 and 1989 he was judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, being also its vice president between 1981 and 1983, and president between 1983 and 1985.
Susanna and the Elders is a c.1621-1622 oil on canvas painting by Anthony van Dyck, now in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, which acquired it in 1806 from the Düsseldorf Gallery.
Fumeaux made his ATP main draw debut at the 2020 ATP Cup, losing a doubles match to Pablo Carreño Busta and Feliciano López.
They will have four children: the sculptor Paul Simon (1892-1979), the artist-painter Charlotte Simon (1897-1994), Lucienne Simon (1898-1974) and Pauline Simon (born circa 1907).
She also exhibited at Paris's Salon des Indépendants and in 1900 she received a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle in Paris.
In 2002 there was an exhibition at the Galerie Philippe Heim in Paris devoted to the work of Paul, Lucien and Jeanne Simon.
Below is a list of notable men's and women's artistic gymnastics international events scheduled to be held in 2020, as well as the medalists.
He represented England and won a bronze medal in the fullbore rifle Queens Prize, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
A French privateer captured and released her, and a year later an American privateer captured her but the Royal Navy recaptured her.
The show is loosely based on the experiences of Mary Cox, the mother of co-executive producer Tom Cox, who helped American draft dodgers cross the border into Canada during the Vietnam War.
Set in 1968, the show centres on Ruby Howard, an American expatriate living in British Columbia with her family involved in antiwar activism who is asked to help troubled American Travis Hunter cross the border into Canada in order to dodge the Vietnam War draft.
Meanwhile CIA handler Vern Lang is setting up a complex operation in order to infiltrate the peace movements on both the American and Canadian sides of the border in an effort to stop draft evasion.
In December of 1904 Harvard constructed two rinks inside the recently completed Harvard Stadium, allowing for the increasingly popular ice hockey team to be viewed by a large number of spectators.
The Crimson played three games at home during the year, utterly dominating their opponents; Harvard outscored the visitors 92–10 including setting an all-time program record (as of 2019) in their intercollegiate opener by eviscerating MIT 25–0.
His best performance was a semi-final appearance at Nuremberg in 1976 and he also reached the quarter-finals at Helsinki in 1977.
The settlement was originally established in 1898 as a station on the Pecos Valley and Northern Texas Railway and is named for E. B.
In 1908, much of the former XIT Ranch's land came up on market, and many buyers arrived at the Black station on special trains operated by the Wright Land Company.
The 1993 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1993 ATP Tour.
Initially, the shire shared an office with the Municipality of Cootamundra until moving into their own offices elsewhere in Cootamundra in 1946.
Indeed, the whole system of scoring as adopted is a survival of the time - the stupid time - when one goal was considered of greater value than any number of tries.
This is the first season that Glasgow District was scheduled to play South of Scotland District; and that Edinburgh District was again scheduled to play North of Scotland.
Marguerita Dianne Ragsdale (born 1948) is a Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the American Ambassador to Djibouti from February 1, 2004 until July 6, 2006.
Considered a Middle East specialist, Ragsdale’s first assignment was as the Junior Consular and General Services Officer at the American Embassy in Kuwait in 1984.
Djibouti has strategic and political importance for the United States because of its location on the [[Horn of Africa[[ overlooking the [[Gulf of Aden]].
The Spanish Small Temple also Cahal Cicu synagogue also Templul mic spaniol „Ca’al Cicu”, built in 1846 was located on 37 Banu Maracine Street in Bucharest, Romania.
The 1992 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour.
These have included a video of him removing a plastic drinking straw from the nostril of a sea turtle, a video of him removing a plastic fork from the nostril of a sea turtle, and a video recorded by him and Edith Widder of a live giant squid.
This was the first-time that a live giant squid had been recorded in US waters and the second time this species had been caught alive on film.
Robinson grew up in the United Kingdom, where he earned a Masters of Marine Biology at the University of Southampton in 2009.
During the completion of his degree, he began working with sea turtle conservation programs ran by ARCHELON, the Sea Turtle Protection Society of Greece and the Leatherback Trust.
After completing his Ph.D., Robinson was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship through Purdue University Fort Wayne to manage the research activities of the Leatherback Trust in Costa Rica.
During this fellowship, Robinson joined a Texas A&M research expedition in northwest Costa Rica to sample olive ridley sea turtles for epibionts.
Two months after removing the straw, Robinson was sampling olive ridley turtles for epibionts on Playa Ostional, Costa Rica and had a similar encounter.
Following the impact of these two videos, Robinson began to focus his research activities on using novel visual technologies to generate engaging footage for the purposes of scientific discovery and environmental outreach.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1992.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1992.
Ecob was present for the final hearing on the women's suffrage amendment for the New York State Constitutional Convention in Albany, New York and had spoken on the topic to the committees involved.
Founded by Paul Malliavin, Ralph S. Phillips, and Irving Segal, its editors-in-chief are Daniel W. Stroock, Stefaan Vaes, and Cedric Villani.
On 2 Jan 1650, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, Archbishop of Fermo, and Giambattista Spínola (seniore), Archbishop of Acerenza e Matera, serving as co-consecrators.
While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Baldassarre Bonifazio, Bishop of Capodistria (1653); and Francesco de Andreis, Bishop of Nona (1653).
Next to the halls is the athletics facility Øya stadion and the Trondhjems Tennis Club (TTK) with four oudoor clay courts and indoor tennis hall.
Further halls was added in 1971 (hall C) and 1980 (hall G), this was followed by stage 3 (halls D and E/H) in 1988 which was designed by Lien & Risan architectural office.
The eighth (hall F) was added in 2000. to Old Trondheim Spectrum had a floor area of 15,000 m² spread over eight multi-use halls.
In June 2017, Veidekke Entreprenør won the contact valued at NOK 317 million (excluding VAT) to build the new multi-purpose hall.
The venue opened on 4 October 2019 with a performance by John Mayer during the European leg of his 2019 concert tour, I Guess I Just Feel Like World Tour.
Besides sports and concerts, the halls are regularly used for courses, seminars, congresses and trade fairs; for example, the fish farming fair and the fishing fair .
Trondheim Spektrum will be one of the arenas where matches will be played in the preliminary rounds of the European Handball Championship in 2020 for both the men and women tournaments.
Previously, matches during the IHF World Women's Handball Championship have also been held here in both 1993 and 1999, and during the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship.
Other sporting events to be held here include the Møbelringen Cup (in 2005 and 2009) and the 2016 Northern European Gymnastics Championships.
This is the first time that Trondheim will host a Melodi Grand Prix final, and it is the first time since Melodi Grand Prix 1989 that the final is not arranged in Oslo.
Other ways may include taking the Metrobus (Line 3) or Line 11, 75, 21, 28 and 26 to Skansen and walking over the Bridge connecting the two parts.
On 2 Jan 1650, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, Archbishop of Fermo, and Giambattista Spínola (seniore), Archbishop of Acerenza e Matera, serving as co-consecrators.
It was formed as the tectonic plate of the Indian subcontinent pulled away from the Madagascar Plate about 66–90 Mya, following the breaking up of the Gondwana supercontinent.
It is separated from the Western and Eastern Somoli Basins to the north and northeast by the island arc from the northern tip of Madagascar, the Farquhar Islands, the Amirante Islands and Amirante Plateau, the Seychelles Plateau and the Mascarene Plateau.
To the southwest and south it is separated from the Madagascar Basin by a continuation of the island arc through Mauritius Island and Reunion Island, the Mauritius Fracture Zone, a fracture zone trending approximately NE-SW, located east of Mauritius Island, and the northwestern edge of the Madagascar Ridge.
Trichur Subramaniam Rukmani, often known as T. S. Rukmani, is a Sanskritist who served many years on the faculty of Concordia University (1996-2012) and retired in 2012.
degree from University of Delhi (1991) in recognition of her four-volume translation of a Sanskrit text on Yoga philosophy by Vijnanabhiksu.
From 1993 to 1995, she served as Professor and Head of the Department of Hindu Studies and Indian Philosophy, University of Durban-Westville, in Durban, South Africa.
From 1996 to 2012 she served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Hindu Studies at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada.
He represented England and won two bronze medals in the 50 metres rifle 3 position and pair, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The series is about a girl named Julia who sets out with her family on a cruise vacation, with hopes that a week of sun, Caribbean beaches, and lots to do on board will take her mind off her recent break-up.
In this climate, a two-day episode of armed revolt also occurred, starting during the night of June 1–2, led by Sergeant José López Zabalegui, head of the detachment from the Infanta Isabel Fort in Puente la Reina, along with two other soldiers and two residents of Obanos and another two from Puente la Reina.
The goals were not achieved, and the minister's initiatives were approved by the Congress of Deputies by 99 votes in favor and 8 (those of the Navarrese and the Deputy from Morella).
However, since Minister Gamazo had to resign because of the uprising in Cuba and was substituted by Amós Salvador Rodrigáñez, the law never went into effect.
Im Pamplona, the people had the Monument to the Fueros erected as a symbole of Navarrese freedom, placing it in front of the Navarrese Government Building.
This includes in ARCA part-time for four seasons (2008 and 2013, 2014, and 2015, the year he won the series' superspeedway championship.
He also made two Truck Series starts in 2013 at Iowa and Las Vegas and ran part-time in the East Series in 2009.
Also, they picked up sponsorship from Menards (as well as Ansell), which moved over to KSR after sponsoring Frank Kimmel since 2009.
It was adapted for the stage by Philip Dean in 2004, playing at the La Boite Theatre before touring other cities.
Richard Derrington is a 28 year old corporate lawyer in Brisbane struggling to cope after his girlfriend, Anna has left him.
The novel features a number of Brisbane landmarks, including Broadway On the Mall, Park Road in Milton as well as the eponymous Zig Zag Street.
Girolamo Conti or Girolamo de Comitibus (died 1501) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Massa Marittima (1483–1501).
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Tablescaping, or table-setting, is an activity involving the setting of themed dining tables in artful, decorative ways for social events, and in a variety of categories for competitions.
In the United States, competitions take place at county fairs, and events across the country; competitive tablescaping traces back to at least the 1930s.
Other criteria considered can include aesthetics, functionality, balance, and the corresponding fictional menu that would accompany the table’s meal; an entry can use a formal table setting, or be quite casual depending on the theme.
The practice has become better known since the rise in social media posts centered on meals people share including the setting; on photo-sharing Instagram, as of November 2019, #tabledecor has 1.9 million posts, and #tablesetting has 2.3 million posts.
A counterintuitive trend is for a rustic or farm theme, with a sustainability aesthetic emphasizing materials and components that are recycled, and upcycled.
In the late 1800s middle class families in Europe and America emulated the wealthy but relied on fresh flowers as centerpieces.
The Cowboy from Sundown is a 1940 American Western film directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet and written by Roland Lynch and Robert Emmett Tansey.
This is a list of films which have reached number one at the weekend box office in Taipei, Taiwan during 2020.
At the 2014 Northern Ireland local elections, Harvey was elected to represent the Rowallane area on Newry and Mourne District Council, for the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).
Lambs Head, also known as Kahlpahlim Rock, is a mountain located near Mareeba within the Dinden National Park, Far North Queensland, Australia.
There are two trails that when combined, create a difficult 12.3 km circuit that takes hikers to the summit and back.
They played their home games at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium and competed in the Pacific-10 Conference, where they finished second with a 23–5 record.
The Wildcats were invited to the 1996 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament, where they swept the West Regional and then completed a run through the Women's College World Series to claim their fourth NCAA Women's College World Series Championship.
The US military's 2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike, which killed the high-level Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, brought strong reactions from around the world.
While being broadcast on Iran's Channel One, the eulogist at Soleimani's funeral procession addressed a crowd during processions at Mashhad and called for a bounty of US$ 80 million (roughly US$1 for every Iranian citizen) to be placed on Donald Trump.
On 7 January, Iran's parliament approved a €200 million increase in the Quds Force's budget, to be used in two months.
Outgoing Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the attack, calling it an assassination and stating that the strike was an act of aggression and a breach of Iraqi sovereignty which would lead to war in Iraq.
He said the strike violated the agreement on the presence of U.S. forces in Iraq and that safeguards for Iraq's security and sovereignty should be met with legislation.
The media office of the Iraqi military's joint operations forces posted a photo of a destroyed vehicle on fire after the attack.
On January 5 in reaction to the airstrikes the Iraqi parliament passed a bill calling for the expulsion of US troops from the country.
After the Iranian missile attack on U.S. forces in Iraq, Iran-backed Iraqi militia commander Qais Khazali said that Iran had made its initial response for the United States killing its top general, and it was now time for Iraq to give its initial response to the assassination of Popular Mobilization Forces's deputy commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.
President Trump tweeted pictures of the American flag shortly before the United States confirmed its responsibility for the attacks, at 3:00a.m.
Trump insisted he would not hesitate to destroy such targets even after some said it could be considered a war crime.
After the strike, Pompeo tweeted a video he said showed Iraqis celebrating Soleimani's death on the streets of Baghdad, although the video showed no more than 40 individuals among a crowd of thousands and the minor demonstration ended within two minutes.
When asked about the possible responses that Iran could take to this action, former Deputy Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy said that the IRGC Quds Force has a worldwide reach and that targets would include American civilians, and that Iraq might decide to expel U.S. forces in their country.
Former Defense Secretary and CIA Director Leon Panetta warned that the U.S. is closer to war with Iran than at any time in the last 40 years.
In an article in the Middle East Institute, former Deputy Defense Secretary for the Middle East Michael Mulroy and retired Navy SEAL Eric Oehlerich state that the targeted killing of Qassem Soleimani was justified and long overdue because he was an enemy combatant who orchestrated a lethal campaign against U.S. military, diplomats and intelligence officers in Iraq.
However, they also made the point that the U.S. should of targeted Soleimani's subordinates to disrupt their operations and that covert authorities should've been considered for deniability and to potentially avoid an all-out regional war.
Senator Elizabeth Warren described the attack as wag the dog, an attempt by Trump to distract from the impeachment process through an act of war.
South Bend, Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg said the Trump administration must plan for possible consequences before taking action, must ensure its action is supported by its allies, and must take only actions that will benefit U.S. national interests and stability in the region.
Representative Tulsi Gabbard called the airstrike an act of war by President Trump and a violation of the U.S. Constitution because the president does not have Congressional authorization for this act.
Sanders, along with Representative Ro Khanna, announced that they would be introducing legislation to prevent the use of Pentagon funding for military action in Iran without Congressional approval.
In June 2019, Kaine had introduced a resolution to require Congressional authorization before going to war with Iran, and on 3 January 2020 he introduced a similar resolution.
Kaine's counterpart, Mark Warner (D-VA) said it is not clear that the Trump administration has a clear plan to prevent another endless war in the Middle East.
New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio expressed strong concerns about potential retaliatory strikes, putting the police department on high alert, including the potential of bag checks at subway stations and vehicle checks at tunnels and bridges.
Mayor Muriel Bowser of Washington, D.C. said she did not see any immediate threats, but she reminded citizens to report any suspicious activities.
Some members of the United States Congress, which generally was not consulted or briefed before the Soleimani strike, sought to restrict the president's ability to conduct future military operations against Iran without congressional consent.
On 6January 2020, House Speaker Pelosi announced plans to hold a vote within the week on limiting President Trump's war powers concerning Iran.
On 8January 2020, Pelosi announced that a vote will be held by the entire U.S. House of Representatives on 9January to limit President Trump's war powers concerning any future escalation of conflict with Iran.
The House Rules Committee cleared the way for a full House vote by approving parameters which set up a two-hour debate on 9January.
The House vote is considered significant, as the U.S. Constitution provides that while the president may use the military to defend the country, any declaration of war must be approved by Congress.
Anti-war rallies in more than 30 U.S. cities were set by Code Pink and the ANSWER Coalition for Saturday night, 4 January, asking the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.
The hashtags #WorldWarIII and #WWIII had been trending on social media, along with concerns that the military draft might be reinstated.
Global oil prices rose moderately in reaction to Soleimani's death to heights not seen for a whole three months, before falling back Arms company stocks (Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon) also rose in the wake of the event.
On November 8, 1910, Morford was elected as a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Presque Isle County district.
The song originally created by Mon Laferte for band Los Ángeles Negros, but since they could not record it for reasons of time and given the work it had taken to create this song, Laferte decided to record it and had the collaboration of the Spanish singer Enrique Bunbury.
And the most shots that appear in this video are from that tour, from South America, and for me it is very nice to be able to thank you for all the love you have given us, how you have received us in each place.
The group members had previously played in various bands in and around Nottingham, and a number of early songs had been written years before while in other bands.
Fisher was interested in progressive pop as much as progressive rock, and wanted the band to be primarily about good songwriting rather than technical expertise.
The band released their first album with Bilocation Records, the second with Kozmik Artifactz, and the third on their own label, Septaphonic Records.
The 2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries will be a series of primary elections determining the allocation of delegates in the selection of the Constitution Party's presidential nominee in the 2020 United States presidential election.
Devils Thumb, also known as Manjal Jimalji by the Eastern Kuku Yalanji, is a mountain located near Mossman within the Daintree National Park, Far North Queensland, Australia.
Dufvenius had already filmed her scenes and gone back to Sweden, however the fire meant the series was never aired because several scenes were impossible to film after the fire.
He led the New Westminster Bruins to four consecutive President's Cup titles, and won the 1977 Memorial Cup and 1978 Memorial Cup championships.
After his 16 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL), McLean placed second all-time among WHL coaches with 1,067 games coached.
McLean was born in a coal mine in Estevan, Saskatchewan, due to the temperature in his parent's house being too cold to inhabit.
McLean played midget, juvenile, and intermediate ice hockey growing up and earned an invitation to a New York Rangers training camp when he was 17.
After the Rangers training camp, McLean joined the Humboldt Indians in the SJHL under coach Scotty Munro and eventually became an assistant.
On April 18, 1971, after the Estevan Bruins had been eliminated from the WHL playoffs, McLean boarded a single-engine airplane heading for Yorkton, Saskatchewan.
However, the transition to New Westminster was met with apprehension from the WCHL board who were against expansion to the West.
A few years after the relocation, the newly named New Westminster Bruins won four consecutive President's Cup titles from 1975 to 1978 and two Memorial Cup titles in 1977 and 1978.
After winning the 1977 Memorial Cup and another WHL Championship title, McLean was tapped to coach the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team at the 1978 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.
While McLean did not invite Gretzky to the initial junior tryout camp in 1977, he was eventually added to Canada's roster and led the tournament with eight goals and nine assists.
He was awarded the WHL's Governors Award in 2005, and was inducted into the BC Hockey Hall of Fame in 2006.
In August 2009, McLean went missing for four days and five nights without food or supplies after getting lost while prospecting for gold.
Alessandro Porro was born in 1600 in Milan, Italy and ordained a priest in the Congregation of Clerics Regular of the Divine Providence.
On 21 Dec 1650, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Gasparo Cecchinelli, Bishop of Corneto e Montefiascone, and Giovanni Tommaso Pinelli, Bishop of Molfetta, serving as co-consecrators.
He represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two bronze medals: in the men's 50 metre freestyle S13 and men's 100 metre butterfly S13 events.
He was born in El Toboso, the village of Dulcinea in Cervantes’s Don Quixote, within a noble family living there since the XV century, owners of 8,692 hectares.
He was the descendant of major Bartolomé Martínez de la Morena, crossbowmen of Emperor Carlos I, Dr Esteban Martínez-Zarco y Muñoz de Horcajada, rector del Collegio di Spagna (1555-1561) and Bachelor Diego Ortiz-Vivanco de la Plaza y Martínez de la Morena, member of the Order of Santiago.
In 1801 he married his cousin Juana-María Cano Coronado and later, in 1826, he married Basilisa Fernández Carrasco, both with Royal permission.
He died in Alcañices in 1848, where he had gone to spend a season with his youngest son, being buried in the parish cemetery.
Between 1793 and 1794 he participated in the War of the Pyrenees, fighting in the battles of Commanderie_du_Mas_Deu, Trouillas, Elne, Laroque-des-Albères and Opoul-Périllos; the taking of the castles of Banyuls-dels-Aspres, Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste and Thuir; and the site of the castles of Collioure and Miles.
At the same time, he voluntarily headed the command that took the battery of Villelongue-dels-Monts, facilitating the fall of the castle of Montesquieu-des-Albères.
In 1801, in the War of the Oranges, he actively participated in the taking of Juromenha and the site of Campo Maior.
Later he took an active part in the battles of Jaén and Mengíbar, as well as Andújar, Bailén, Somosierra, Valdepeñas Ocaña, Montizón and Sagunto.
Roger Rey, (born in Vedène, on 1 April 1931) is a French former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s.
Rey played for Lyon, with which he won the French Championship in 1951 and 1955, as well the Lord Derby Cup in 1952.
Ross County joined the Highland Football League in 1929, and then were one of two clubs voted into the Scottish Professional Football League System in 1994.
The player records section includes details of the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions.
It also records notable achievements by Ross County players on the international stage, and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club.
This is a list of former and current players who have played at full international level while with the club and the year of their first International cap while at the club.
He was educated in acting at Högskolan för scen och musik (The Academy of Music and Drama ) at Teaterhögskolan in Gothenburg from which he graduated in 1997.
He then began working at Stockholms Stadsteater (Stockholm City Theatre), Oscarsteatern (Oscar Theatre), Göteborgsoperan (The Gothenburg Opera House), Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern (The Royal Dramatic Theatre), Vasateatern (Vasa Thatre), Malmö Opera, Cirkus, and the Teater Brunnsgatan Fyra in Stockholm.
Paweł Skutecki (born 26 February 1975 in Bydgoszcz) is a Polish politician, journalist, anti-vax activist, and former deputy in the Sejm from 2015 to 2019.
Whitemud Watershed Wildlife Management Area is a wildlife management area made up of several widely spaced units in the upper reaches of the watershed of the Whitemud River, Manitoba, Canada.
Unlike most other aluminium-copper alloys, 2218 is a high work-ability alloy, with relatively low for 2xxx series alloy yield strength of 255 MPa.
Despite being highly alloyed, it have a good corrosion and oxidation resistance due sacrificial anode formed by magnesium inclusions, similar to marine-grade 5xxx series alloys.
Although 2218 is wrought alloy, owing to granular structure it can be used in casting and been precisely machined after casting.
Good workability, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability make 2218 alloy a material of choice whenever high-precision parts subject to thermal shocks (especially piston engine cylinders and cylinder heads) are needed.
2218 alloy can be heat treated to increase tensile strength in expense of workability, with most common grades been F, T61, T71 and T72.
He represents the Holy See as an accredited non-member of the Arab League, formally known as the League of Arab States.
The title Apostolic Delegate to the Arab League is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Egypt; he resides in Cairo.
The Rocheuse river (English: Rocky River) is a tributary of the rivière du Malin, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Rocheuse River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Rocheuse river originates at the confluence of two mountain streams , located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the regional county municipality (MRC) La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
From the confluence of the Rocky River, the current flows for to the southwest, following the course of the rivière du Malin, a deep valley; then on south by the course of the Jacques-Cartier River to the northeast bank of the Saint Lawrence river..
She represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won two bronze medals: in the women's 50 metre freestyle S13 and women's 200 metre individual medley SM13 events.
At the 2019 World Para Swimming Championships held in London, United Kingdom she became the first Uzbekistani swimmer to win a gold medal at the World Para Swimming Championships.
Mount Washu or Washū-zan (), located in Shimotsui (), Kurashiki, Japan, is a hill not so high (133 meters above sea level), but famous traditionally for viewing the Seto Inland Sea dotted with various small islands, and now for commanding the majestic view of the Great Seto Bridge, one of the tree bridges connecting Shikoku Island with the main Honshu Island.
Mount Washu can be reached in fifteen minutes by car from Kojima Station of JR's Honshi-Bisan Line or in ten minutes from Kojima Interchange () of Seto-Chūō Expressway.
Whitemouth Bog Wildlife Management Area is a wildlife management area that lies on either side of the Whitemouth Bog Ecological Reserve, Manitoba, Canada.
Krzysztof Tołwiński (born 28 February 1968 in Siemiatycze) is a Polish agrarian politician, farmer, and former deputy minister of the treasury from September to November 2007.
The rivière du Malin (English: Malin river) is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Malin River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Rocheuse river draws its source from Lanoraye Lake (length: ; altitude: ), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
From the confluence of the Rocheuse river, the current flows south by the course of the Jacques-Cartier River to the northeast bank of the Saint Lawrence River..
Kersten was president of the German Mathematical Society from 1995 to 1997, the first woman to head the society, and its only woman president.
TOI 700 is a red dwarf 101.4 light-years away from Earth located in the Dorado constellation that hosts TOI 700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
TOI 700 is a red dwarf of spectral class M that is 40% the mass, 40% the radius and 50% of the temperature of the Sun.
Three papers describe the validation of the planetary system, the follow-up observations of TOI 700 d with the Spitzer Space Telescope and the characterization of TOI 700 d.
The composition of planets b and d is more likely rocky and the composition of planet c is more likely similar to that of Neptune.
The two inner planets might have grown faster and accreted significant gaseous envelopes, but the outer planet formed more slowly and accreted less gas.
Planet c might have migrated inwards, but this scenario is more plausible if future studies show that planet c is significantly more massive than planet b or d.
It receives 35 times more EUV photons than Earth, but also 50 times less than TRAPPIST-1 e. The host star has low stellar activity.
The simulated spectral feature depths from transmission spectra and the peak flux and variations from synthesized phase curves do not exceed 10 ppm.
The race was typically scheduled for the end of February to the beginning of March (later June) for 4 or 5 days, with the drivers covering a total distance of between , depending on the year.
The rally consisted of special performance tests, pure navigation sections, and driving tests, with end-points in the cities of Paris and Saint-Raphaël.
The only other deaths during the event's history were Cathy Pitt, who was killed in 1969 in a head-on collision on a road section, and Marguerite Accarie who died during the 1970 event during the final special stage.
Two years earlier, as the only female competitor, she won the 1936 Olympic Rally in a Singer Le Mans 1500 in the only road-going motorized Olympic demonstration event (powerboating appearing in 1908) never accepted by the IOC.
In 1974 Belgian Christine Beckers won the last Paris - Saint-Raphaël of its 45 year history at the wheel of a Lancia Stratos.
A spiritual successor to the Rallye Paris - Saint-Raphaël Féminin appeared 26 years later with the first running of the Rallye des Princesses in the year 2000.
In the United States, it occurs in the Midwest, some parts of the Northeast, and in the Appalachian Mountains south to Georgia.
Mier made his professional debut with Real Oviedo in a 1-1 Segunda División tie with Málaga CF on 5 January 2020.
To support the family, her mother, Emily née Morse or Moss, became an actress using the stage name Kate Arden and married William James Holloway, an actor and stage manager in 1877.
In 1884 she went Europe with her mother and step-father where she studied the acting techniques of Sara Bernhardt, Ellen Terry and Mary Anderson.
This was followed by a further 16 weeks at the Criterion Theatre and a 14-week season at the Opera House in Melbourne.
Jenyns married John Robert Wood, a Newcastle brewer, at St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney on 5 December 1888 and retired from the stage.
The song was born during the Amárrame Tour tour in Chile, during 2017, as a product of an improvisation between the two authors.
Juan Gabriel said it the other way around in his song ‘I was happy until I met you’, I love that emotional blackmail which is beautiful, which is an exaggeration to”.
In May 2018, she published a Japanese version of the song, which comes with a video with the letters in Japanese alphabet and hepburn, fulfilling one of her dreams of singing in that language.
Naseem Hamed vs. Augie Sanchez was a professional boxing match contested between reigning WBO featherweight champion Naseem Hamed and Augie Sanchez.
WBO featherweight champion Naseem Hamed and 22-year old prospect Augie Sanchez agreed to meet one another in June 2000 for an August title fight.
After knocking out the reigning super bantamweight champion Vuyani Bungu in the fourth round earlier in the year, Hamed and his team began negotiations for Hamed's next title fight to be against a highly-rated fighter, with Érik Morales and Marco Antonio Barrera being in the forefront.
Other names such as Johnny Tapia, Danny Romero and Freddie Norwood were also mentioned, but none were able to agree to a deal.
Sanchez had been a promising prospect, engaging in a rivalry in the amateurs with Floyd Mayweather Jr., having defeated him once in the 1996 pre-olympic trials before losing twice to Mayweather which cost him a shot to make 1996 US olympic boxing team.
After a uneventful first round, the action picked up in round 2 with Sanchez dropping Hamed with a right hand, though the referee bizarrely and controversially declared it a slip.
At the end of the round, Sanchez landed 2-punch combination that almost sent Hamed down again, but Hamed was able to regain his footing and the two ended the round trading punches until the bell rang.
The action continued early in the round 3 with Sanchez landing 2 right hands that bloodied Hamed's nose, though Hamed held onto the ropes to prevent regain his balance.
Later in the round Hamed landed a left hook that sent Sanchez to his knees, though the referee again incorrectly called that a slip as well.
As the round ended Hamed began to score numerous power punches on an exhausted Sanchez and opened up a gash over Sanchez's eye.
A minute into round 4, Hamed landed a left hand that again sent Sanchez stumbling into Hamed, as Sanchez hit the canvas, Hamed connected with a body shot, causing the referee to take away the potential knockdown and instead dock Hamed a point for the foul.
With around 40 seconds left in the round, Hamed landed a brutal 4-punch combination that floored Sanchez, the referee immediately called the fight and awarded Hamed the victory by technical knockout.
Initially the WBO had mandated that Hamed meet it's #1 contender in István Kovács, however HBO, which had exclusive rights to air Hamed's fights in the United States, was not satisfied with Hamed taking on a virtual unknown in Kovács and only guaranteed Hamed a third of his usual purse of $6 million.
It was the third time that Hamed had to relinquish one his titles outside the ring as earlier in 2000, the WBC stripped him after he declined to vacate his WBO version, and in 1997 the IBF stripped him as well.
Immediately after giving up his title, Hamed challenged reigning WBO super bantamweight champion Marco Antonio Barrera to match the following year.
TOI 700 d is an exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting TOI 700, a red dwarf star 101.4 light-years away in the Dorado constellation.
TOI 700 is a red dwarf of spectral class M that is 40% the mass, 40% the radius and 50% of the temperature of the Sun.
Turks and Caicos Islands Community College (TCICC) is a community college in the Turks and Caicos, a British territory in the Caribbean.
Initially H. J. Robinson High School in Grand Turk and Clement Howell High School in Provindenciales housed the college on a temporary basis.
The vehicle has different layout for different mission set, including troop transport, logistics, heavy weapon platform, reconnaissance, air defense, engineering service, or medical evacuation.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 43 and UHF channel 24, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 Broadcasting License.
Evrim Akın, who lost her father at the age of 17, started her acting career as a trainee at Konak Municipal Theater in İzmir.
Isleño Spanish (Spanish: ) is a dialect of the Spanish language spoken by the descendants of Canary Islanders who settled in Louisiana during the late 18th century.
This, coupled with the already present francophone and Creole-speaking populations, had a profound effect on the vocabulary and structure of Isleño Spanish.
The Isleños of St. Bernard Parish have faced many hardships including numerous natural disasters and education policies that have disrupted the transmission of Spanish.
The exact number of Canary Islanders that were settled in the territory is unknown but it estimated to be about 2,000 individuals.
These recruits were settled into four separate locations with only two seeing any form of success: San Bernardo along Bayou Terre-aux-Boeufs and Valenzuela along Bayou Lafourche.
Early in the establishment of this community, a minority of Acadians were present as well as Filipinos from the nearby community of San Malo which intermarried with the Canarian colonists.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the community was reinforced by immigration from rural, peninsular Spanish regions such as Andalusia, Santander, Galicia, and Catalonia, but also from the Canary Islands and other Spanish-speaking countries.
A survey conducted in 1850 found at least 63 natives of Spain, 7 Canary Islanders, 7 Cubans, and 7 Mexicans in the community.
Individuals from other countries including Italy, Germany, and Ireland also emigrated and intermarried with the local population in certain areas during this period.
After World War II, returning Isleño servicemen looked for work in the suburban areas of New Orleans, and many left their communities in search of employment.
Their children were raised in predominantly English-speaking areas and consequently did not learn to speak Spanish and were not exposed to the native culture of the community.
Today, the transmission of the Spanish language has halted completely along with the preservation of many traditions; this has been supplanted by English and mainstream American culture.
That being said, many of the older generation remember the customs of their ancestors, and those born during the mid-20th century often speak Spanish as their native language.
Those who returned to the parish have retreated to behind the St. Bernard Flood Wall with only a fraction returning to traditionally Isleño communities.
In many respects Isleño Spanish shares an array of similarities with the other Spanish dialects generally of the Caribbean, the Canary Islands, and rural Spain.
This is to be expected as many Caribbean nations were heavily populated by Canary Islanders as well as migration and contact between these groups and the Isleños of Louisiana was not uncommon, particularly with the nearby port city of New Orleans.
Similar to much of Latin America, the Canary Islands, and southern Spain, Isleño Spanish merges /θ/ and /s/ into /s/, the phenomenon being known as seseo.
Additionally, due in large measure to the isolation of the Isleños, several archaic terms deriving from Old Spanish have been preserved.
He represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 400 metre freestyle S13 event.
The is the first edition of the Miss Japan pageant under the HDR corporation, who started the pageant after the HDR corporation lost the franchises to Miss Universe and Miss Earth.
Aldine Square was a residential neighborhood of Oakland, Chicago, that existed from 1874 until it was demolished in 1938 to make way for the Ida B.
The neighborhood was bounded by Vincennes Avenue on the east, Eden Avenue on the west, and 37th and 38th Streets on the north and south.
It consisted of 42 houses built of brick and limestone that surrounded a park with a pond in it, and was originally paved with cedar blocks.
Former residents of the neighborhood held a reunion at the La Salle Hotel in 1929, by which time the neighborhood had become primarily inhabited by African-Americans and the buildings dilapidated.
On October 25, 1934, it was announced that a new housing project would be constructed in the vicinity, which was the second such project in Chicago and would entail the condemnation of the properties of the area, including Aldine Square.
A replica of Aldine Square was exhibited at a March 1939 flower show at Navy Pier; at that time the pylons at the entrance of the neighborhood and the park itself were still standing, but only the foundations of the houses remained.
It connects the towns of Heart's Content and Victoria, with no other major intersections or communities along the highway besides at its two termini, Route 80 (Trinity Road) in Heart’s Content, and Route 70 (Conception Bay Highway) in Victoria.
The Colgate Raiders represented Colgate University in ECAC women's ice hockey during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
After murder of his father during the Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire, he fled to Syria at age of 3 with his mother.
Vahan also created the first studio for processing and printing color photographs in Iran, and he deserves credit at the first person who printed color negative in the country.
1379–1414) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Melcombe Regis in 1393 and mayor of Melcombe Regis from September 1399 until 1400.
1420–1421) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Melcombe Regis in 1420 and May 1421 and bailiff of Melcombe Regis from September 1415 to 1416, from 1417 to 1419, and from 1421 to 1422.
The engine is powered by cryogenic liquid methane and liquid oxygen (LOX), rather than the RP-1 kerosene and LOX used in SpaceX's prior Merlin and Kestrel rocket engines.
The Raptor engine has about two times the thrust of the Merlin 1D engine that powers the current Falcon 9 launch vehicle.
The Raptor engine is a highly reusable methalox staged-combustion engine that will power the next generation of SpaceX launch vehicles designed to replace all existing SpaceX vehicles, including the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles and the Dragon 2.
The Raptor engine is powered by subcooled liquid methane and subcooled liquid oxygen using a more efficient staged combustion cycle, a departure from the simpler 'open cycle' gas generator system and lox/kerosene propellants that current Merlin engines use.
The RS-25, with hydrolox propellant also used a staged combustion process, as do several Russian rocket engines including the RD-180 and the chamber pressure RD-191.
The stated design size for the Raptor engine varied widely during 2012–2017 as detailed design continued, from a high target of of vacuum thrust to a more recent, much lower target of .
In its 2017 iteration, the operational engine is expected to have a vacuum I of and a sea-level I of .
The Raptor engine is designed for the use of deep cryogenic propellants—fluids cooled to near their freezing points, rather than nearer their boiling points which is more typical for cryogenic rocket engines.
The use of subcooled propellants increases propellant density to allow more propellant mass in tanks; the engine performance is also improved with sub cooled propellants.
Specific impulse is increased, and the risk of cavitation at inputs to the turbopumps is reduced due to the higher mass flow rate per unit power generated.
Engine ignition for all Raptor engines, both on the pad and in the air, will be by spark ignition, which will eliminate the pyrophoric mixture of triethylaluminum-triethylborane (TEA-TEB) used for engine ignition on the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy.
Specifically, Raptor utilizes a full-flow staged combustion cycle, where 100 percent of the oxidizer—with a low-fuel ratio—will power the oxygen turbine pump, and 100 percent of the fuel—with a low-oxygen ratio—will power the methane turbine pump.
Prior to 2014, only two full-flow staged combustion rocket engines had ever progressed sufficiently to be tested on test stands: the Soviet RD-270 project in the 1960s and the Aerojet Rocketdyne Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator in the mid-2000s.
The turbopump and many of the critical parts of the injectors for the initial engine development testing were, as of 2015, manufactured by using 3D printing, which increases the speed of development and iterative testing.
The Raptor engine uses a large number of coaxial swirl injectors to admit propellants to the combustion chamber, rather than pintle injectors used on the previous Merlin rocket engines that SpaceX mass-produced for its Falcon family of launch vehicles.
The engine development from 2009 to 2015 was funded exclusively through private investment by SpaceX, and not as a result of any funding from the US government.
In March 2012, news accounts asserted that the Raptor upper-stage engine development program was underway, but that details were not being publicly released.
He further indicated that the engine concept, codenamed Raptor, would now become a methane-based design, and that methane would be the fuel of choice for SpaceX's plans for Mars colonization.
Because of the presence of water underground and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars, methane, a simple hydrocarbon, can easily be synthesized on Mars using the Sabatier reaction.
In-situ resource production on Mars has been examined by NASA and found to be viable for oxygen, water, and methane production.
According to a study published by researchers from the Colorado School of Mines, in-situ resource utilization such as methane from Mars makes space missions more feasible technically and economically and enables reusability.
Public information released in November 2012 indicated that SpaceX might have a family of Raptor-designated rocket engines in mind; this was confirmed by SpaceX in October 2013.
However, in March 2014 SpaceX COO Gwynne Shotwell clarified that the focus of the new engine development program is exclusively on the full-size Raptor engine; smaller subscale methalox engines were not planned on the development path to the very large Raptor engine.
In October 2013, SpaceX announced that they would be performing methane engine tests of Raptor engine components at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi, and that SpaceX would add equipment to the existing test stand infrastructure in order to support liquid methane and hot gaseous methane engine component testing.
In April 2014, SpaceX completed the requisite upgrades and maintenance to the Stennis test stand to prepare for testing of Raptor components, and the engine component testing program began in earnest, focusing on the development of robust startup and shutdown procedures, something that is typically quite difficult to do for full-flow staged combustion cycle engines.
Component testing at Stennis also allowed hardware characterization and verification of proprietary analytical software models that SpaceX developed to push the technology on this engine cycle that had little prior development work in the West.
October 2013 was the first time SpaceX disclosed a nominal design thrust of the Raptor engine——although early in 2014 they announced a Raptor engine with greater thrust, and in 2015, one with lower thrust that might better optimize thrust-to-weight.
A June 2014 talk by Mueller provided more specific engine performance target specifications indicating of sea-level thrust, of vacuum thrust, and a specific impulse (I) of for a vacuum version.
SpaceX successfully began development testing of injectors in 2014 and completed a full-power test of a full-scale oxygen preburner in 2015.
In January 2015, Elon Musk stated that the thrust they were currently targeting was around , much lower than older statements mentioned.
By August 2015, an Elon Musk statement surfaced that indicated the oxidizer to fuel ratio of the Mars-bound engine would be approximately 3.8 to 1.
In January 2016, the US Air Force awarded a development contract to SpaceX to develop a prototype version of its methane-fueled reusable Raptor engine for use on the upper stage of the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, which required double-matching funding by SpaceX of at least .
Work under the contract is expected to be completed in 2018, with engine performance testing to be done at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi and Los Angeles Air Force Base, California.
Initial development testing of Raptor methane engine components was done at the Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi, where SpaceX added equipment to the existing infrastructure in order to support liquid methane engine testing.
Initial testing was limited to components of the Raptor engine, since the test stands at the E-2 complex at Stennis were not large enough to test the full Raptor engine.
The development Raptor engine discussed in the October 2013 time frame relative to Stennis testing was designed to generate more than vacuum thrust.
A revised, higher-thrust, specification was discussed by the company in February 2014, but it was unclear whether that higher thrust was something that would be achieved with the initial development engines.
Raptor engine component testing began in May 2014 at the E-2 test complex which SpaceX modified to support methane engine tests.
The modifications to the test stands made by SpaceX are now a part of the Stennis test infrastructure and are available to other users of the test facility after the SpaceX facility lease was completed.
By 2016, SpaceX had constructed a new engine test stand at their site of McGregor in central Texas that can handle the larger thrust of the full Raptor engine.
By August 2016, SpaceX confirmed that a Raptor engine had been shipped to the testing site in McGregor for development tests, and the development Raptor did an initial 9-second firing test on 26 September 2016, the day before Musk's talk at the International Aeronautical Congress.
By August 2016, the first integrated Raptor rocket engine, manufactured at the SpaceX Hawthorne facility in California, shipped to the McGregor rocket engine test facility in Texas for development testing.
The engine had thrust, which makes it approximately one-third the size of the full-scale Raptor engine planned for flight tests in 2019/2020 timeframe.
On 26 September 2016, Elon Musk tweeted two images of the first test firing of an integrated Raptor in SpaceX's McGregor test complex.
On the same day Musk revealed that their target performance for Raptor was a vacuum specific impulse of , with a thrust of , a chamber pressure of , and an expansion ratio of 150 for an altitude optimized version.
When asked if the nozzle diameter for such version was , he stated that it was pretty close to that dimension.
On the 27th he clarified that 150 expansion ratio was for the development version, that the production vacuum version would have an expansion ratio of 200.
Substantial additional technical details of the ITS propulsion were summarized in a technical article on the Raptor engine published the next week.
By September 2017, the development Raptor engine—with chamber pressure—had undergone 1200 seconds of test fire testing in ground-test stands across 42 main engine tests, with the longest test being 100 seconds (which is limited by the capacity of the ground-test propellant tanks).
, the first version of the flight engine is intended to operate at a chamber pressure of , with the intent to raise it to at a later time.
While plans for Raptor flight testing have consistently been on the new-generation fiber-composite-material construction flight vehicles since 2016, the specific vehicle was not clarified until October 2017, when it was indicated that initial suborbital test flights would occur with a Big Falcon Ship.
In November 2016, the first flight tests of the Raptor engine were projected to be on the Interplanetary Transport System, no earlier than the early 2020s.
A key driver of the 2017 architecture was to make the new system useful for substantial Earth-orbit and Cislunar launches so that the new system might pay for itself, in part, through economic spaceflight activities in the near-Earth space zone.
Elon Musk announced in September 2017 that the initial flight platform for any Raptor engine would be some part of the Big Falcon Rocket.
SpaceX intends this approach to bring significant cost savings which will help the company justify the development expense of designing and building the new launch vehicle design.
In addition to orbital spaceflight missions, BFR is being considered for the point-to-point Earth transportation market, with ~30–60-minute flights to nearly anywhere on the planet.
The test lasted two seconds with the engine operating at 60 percent of rated thrust at a chamber pressure of .
The test was conducted using warm propellant, with expectations of a 10% to 20% increase in performance when switching to deep cryogenic temperatures for the propellant.
On 10 February 2019, Musk announced on Twitter that the flight version engine had attained the chamber combustion pressure of on a test stand.
Serial numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6 had all made it to the test stand by early July, but the first three had issues of various sorts and SpaceX did not try any flight tests of the Starhopper test vehicle.
SpaceX is developing their next-generation rocket to be reusable from the beginning, just like an aircraft, and thus needs to start with narrow flight test objectives, while still aiming to land the rocket successfully to be used subsequently in further tests to expand the flight envelope.
The Raptor methalox engine for SpaceX next-generation launch vehicles have gone through a number of design concepts for engine thrust, specific impulse, and sea-level-nozzle/vacuum-nozzle sizings, depending on the vehicle design concept SpaceX was working on at the time, and subscale versions of Raptor engines were also built for early testing on ground test stands.
In addition, in 2016–2018, a custom prototype upper-stage methalox FFSC Raptor engine was designed and tested for the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, strictly for the US Air Force to meet US military space readiness objectives.
In September 2016 at the IAC meetings, Musk mentioned several Raptor engine designs that could be used on the Interplanetary Transport System by late in the decade.
In addition, a much smaller subscale engine had already been built for test and validation of the new full-flow staged-combustion cycle engine.
At that time, this first subscale Raptor development engine had recently been tested on a ground test stand, but for only one brief firing.
In order to eliminate flow separation problems while being tested in Earth's atmosphere, the test nozzle expansion ratio had been limited to only 150.
In reporting during the two weeks following the Musk ITS launch vehicle reveal on 27 September, NASASpaceFlight.com indicated that the development engine was only one-third the size of any of the several larger engine designs that were discussed for the later flight vehicles.
For the flight vehicles, Elon Musk discussed two engines: both a low-expansion ratio (ER40) for the first stage, or ITS booster and a higher-expansion ratio (200) to obtain higher performance with the second stage.
42 of these ER40 engines were envisioned in the high-level design of the first stage, with of thrust at sea-level, and in vacuum.
In addition, three gimbaled short-nozzle ER40 engines were to be used for maneuvering the 2016-design ITS second-stage; and these engines were also expected to be used for retropropulsive landings on Mars (with mean atmospheric pressure on the Martian surface of ,).
The higher-efficiency engine for in-space flight in vacuum conditions was envisioned then to target a specific impulse of 382s, using a much larger nozzle giving an expansion ratio of 200.
Six of these non-gimbaled engines were planned to provide primary propulsion for the 2016 designs of the Interplanetary Spaceship and the Earth-orbit ITS tanker.
As designed, both of those vehicles were to play a short-term role as second stages on launches to Earth orbit, as well as provide high-I efficiency on transfer from geocentric to heliocentric orbit for transport to beyond-Earth-orbit celestial bodies.
A year later, at the IAC meetings in September 2017, and following a year of testing and iterative development by the propulsion team, Musk said that a smaller Raptor engine—with slightly over half as much thrust as the previous concept designs for the ITS—would be used on the next-generation rocket, now a -diameter launch vehicle and publicly referred to as Big Falcon Rocket (BFR).
By mid-2018, SpaceX was publicly stating that the sea-level flight version Raptor engine design, with a nozzle exit diameter of , was expected to have thrust at sea-level with an I of increasing to an I of in vacuum.
The vacuum flight version, with a nozzle exit diameter of , was expected to exert force with an I of .
The earliest versions of the flight engine is designed to operate at chamber pressure; but SpaceX expects to increase this to in later iterations.
The flight engine is designed for extreme reliability, aiming to support the airline-level of safety required by the point-to-point Earth transportation market.
In January 2016, the US Air Force (USAF) awarded a development contract to SpaceX to develop a prototype version of its methane-fueled reusable Raptor engine for use on the upper stage of the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles.
Work under the contract was expected to be completed no later than December 2018, and engine performance testing was planned to be completed at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi under US Air Force supervision.
The USAF contract called only for the development and build of a prototype engine with a series of ground tests, with no upper stage launch vehicle design funded by the contract.
In October 2017 the US Air Force (USAF) awarded a modification for the development of the Raptor rocket propulsion system prototype for the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle program, with work under that contract expected to be completed by April 2018.
The USAF contract called only for the development and build of a prototype, to be demonstrated in a USAF-supervised set of tests.
As of September 2016, the Raptor engine was slated to be used in three spaceflight vehicles making up the two launch stages of an ITS stack.
The first stage would always be ITS booster while the second stage may be either an Interplanetary Spaceship (for beyond-Earth-orbit missions) or an ITS tanker (for on-orbit propellant transfer operations nearer to Earth).
The SpaceX 2016-design of the Interplanetary booster was announced with 42 sea-level optimized Raptors in the first stage of the ITS with a total of of thrust.
The SpaceX Interplanetary Spaceship—which made up the second stage of the ITS on Earth launches was also an interplanetary spacecraft carrying cargo and passengers to beyond-Earth-orbit destinations after on-orbit refueling—was slated in the 2016 design to use six vacuum-optimized Raptors for primary propulsion plus three Raptors with sea-level nozzles for maneuvering.
The SpaceX design after late 2017 is for a much smaller launch vehicle, 9 meters in diameter rather than 12 meters for the ITS, and is now known as Starship.
The Starship first stage (now known as Super Heavy) was slated to have 31 sea-level optimized Raptors in the initial design concept, with a total of of thrust.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2009 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
Crosby graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1922, and subsequently became involved in archaeology and ancient history, especially epigraphy and metrology, earning her PhD at Yale University.
During World War II, Crosby joined the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and worked as a cryptographer for the OSS' Greek Desk, deciphering reports and materials for the Allied Forces.
Crosby supervised fieldwork at the Athenian Agora with the American School of Classical Studies at Athens from 1935 to 1939, and was present at every digging season in those years, although digging seasons often lasted as long as five months.
The Greek Desk of the OSS had been created by Rodney Young and was staffed by a large number of archaeologists.
She was a reports officer for the OSS in Cairo from June to November 1944, and accompanied Gerard Else when he led the move from Cairo to Caserta, where they could be better overseen by the Allied Forces Headquarters.
After leaving the OSS at the end of the war, Crosby returned to supervise fieldwork at the Athenian Agora from 1946 to 1945.
On January 26, 2020, a Sikorsky S-76B helicopter crashed in Calabasas, California, around northwest of Los Angeles, en route from John Wayne Airport to Camarillo Airport.
It was carrying retired basketball player Kobe Bryant and his 13-year-old daughter Gianna; her 13-year-old teammates Alyssa Altobelli and Payton Chester; their parents Keri and John Altobelli, and Sarah Chester; basketball assistant coach Christina Mauser; and pilot Ara Zobayan.
On January 29, the Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner declared the official cause of death for all nine people on the helicopter as blunt force trauma.
According to FAA and California Secretary of State records, the helicopter was registered to the Island Express Holding Corporation, based in Fillmore, California.
It was not generally known in the aftermath of the crash whether Bryant had chartered the aircraft or leased it full-time.
The helicopter was also not equipped with a terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS); although the NTSB recommended that all helicopters equipped with six or more passenger seats be equipped with a TAWS after a 2004 S-76A crash, the FAA did not implement the recommendation.
They were heading to a basketball game at Bryant's Mamba Sports Academy in Newbury Park, where Bryant was scheduled to coach Gianna's team.
Flight records showed that the helicopter had flown the same journey the day before without incident to Camarillo Airport (CMA), a small airport about 15 minutes by car from Mamba Sports Academy.
The previous day's flight had taken only 30 minutes; in contrast, driving from Bryant's home in Newport Beach to the academy would have taken at least two hours.
The Los Angeles Police Air Support Division had grounded its police helicopters on the morning of January 26 because of the poor weather conditions; Air Support Division rules require at least of visibility and an cloud ceiling.
At the time that N72EX took off from SNA, visibility was with a cloud ceiling of , and it was operating under visual flight rules (VFR).
Flying through clouds is possible if a pilot elects to operate under instrument flight rules (IFR), but according to a former pilot for Island Express and FAA records, the company's pilots were not allowed to fly under IFR.
Even if the company's rules had permitted so, flying under IFR would have led to lengthy delays and detours (thereby using up any anticipated time savings) because of severe congestion in Los Angeles controlled airspace.
Because visual flight rules prohibit a pilot from flying into or near clouds, the helicopter ascended to an altitude of while flying northwest from SNA.
On most of its previous flights to Camarillo, the helicopter had turned west at Downtown Los Angeles and flown over the Santa Monica Mountains until it picked up the Ventura Freeway (US 101).
But on January 26, that was not an option for VFR flights because of a deep marine layer which had pushed fog from the Pacific Ocean into the Santa Monica Mountains.
Instead, the helicopter continued northwest, passed over Boyle Heights near Dodger Stadium and began following the route of the Golden State Freeway (I-5); as the flight approached Glendale, air traffic controllers had the helicopter circle in a holding pattern for 11 minutes starting at 9:21 a.m. (17:21 UTC) before granting it permission to proceed into the controlled airspace around Burbank Airport.
After proceeding through the Burbank controlled airspace, the flight turned west, following the Ronald Reagan Freeway (SR 118) as it passed into the Van Nuys Airport controlled airspace; the Van Nuys controllers shortly afterward approved a turn southwest towards the Ventura Freeway (US 101) at 9:39 a.m. (17:39 UTC).
In a press conference, NTSB Member Jennifer Homendy stated the pilot then advised air traffic control he was putting the aircraft into a climb to avoid a cloud layer; this was the last transmission made by the pilot.
By 9:42 a.m. (17:42 UTC), the helicopter had arrived at and started following the Ventura Freeway west, entering more hilly terrain at the western edge of the San Fernando Valley; as the ground started to rise, the helicopter went into a climb, gaining of altitude in 36 seconds.
At 9:44 a.m. (17:44 UTC), in response to a request from the pilot, Southern California air traffic control advised the helicopter it was too close to terrain for flight following, a tracking service that would have provided the VFR flight with continuous verbal updates on air traffic.
According to transponder data, the helicopter first entered a climbing turn to the left, taking a southern heading and peaking at an altitude of ; the helicopter then made a descending turn further to the left, taking a southeast heading.
The helicopter entered a dive at 9:45:15 a.m. (17:45 UTC), descending at a rate of with a speed of before it struck the hill at 9:45:39 a.m. at an elevation of approximately .
The helicopter crashed and caught fire in Calabasas, California, near the intersection of Las Virgenes Road and Willow Glen Street, as reported by a 9-1-1 emergency call at 9:47 a.m. (17:47 UTC).
Firefighters hiked to the site and paramedics rappelled from a helicopter to the scene but could not locate any survivors; all nine occupants of the helicopter were killed in the crash.
TMZ was later criticized at a local law enforcement press conference for reporting the story before the local law enforcement had the opportunity for the coroner's office to confirm the identity of occupants and officially inform families.
At 2:30 p.m., the Los Angeles County Sheriff and Los Angeles County Fire Department held a joint press conference detailing initial aspects of the crash.
Los Angeles County fire chief Daryl Osby confirmed the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) were on the scene investigating.
At 8:00 p.m., the Los Angeles County sheriff, L.A. County Fire Department, and L.A. County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner held another joint press conference.
The Sheriff urged people to stay away, because people had flooded into residential neighborhoods around the crash site and the traffic was getting in the way of first responders.
In response to attempts at unauthorized access during the first evening after the crash, the Sheriff assigned deputies to patrol the rugged terrain on horseback and all-terrain vehicles in order to enforce a secure perimeter and prevent access by souvenir hunters.
This means that the helicopter was too low to be tracked by air traffic control, but does not necessarily mean that it was too low to fly safely.
A spokesperson for the National Transportation Safety Board said on January 31 that Island Express Helicopters, which owned the helicopter that crashed, was not certified to fly in foggy conditions.
Around 200 people gathered at the foot of the hill close to the crash, with many wearing Bryant's jersey and holding basketballs.
People also formed an impromptu memorial at the Staples Center, where the Los Angeles Lakers, the team with whom Bryant had spent his entire professional career, play, just hours before the arena was scheduled to host the Grammy Awards.
Fans created a memorial for Bryant outside of the Kobe Bryant Gymnasium at Lower Merion High School in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, which Bryant attended from 1992 to 1996.
Landmarks across the United States, including Los Angeles International Airport, Madison Square Garden and the Empire State Building, and around the world, were lit purple and gold in Bryant's memory.
Downer coached Bryant at Lower Merion High School in suburban Philadelphia from 1992 to 1996 and won the state championship with Bryant in 1996.
I loved Kobe he was like a little brother to me... We used to talk often, and I will miss those conversations very much.
Several NBA teams paid tribute to Bryant during their games that night with intentional on-court violations referring to his uniform numbers: violations of the 24-second shot clock and the rule requiring teams to advance the ball past midcourt within eight seconds.
Gianna Bryant was a fan of the UConn Huskies women's basketball team and had attended multiple games, and she had hoped to attend and play for the university.
A.C. Milan, Bryant's favorite soccer team growing up, wore black armbands in memory of him in their Coppa Italia match against Torino on January 28; a minute of silence was also held before the match.
The NBA postponed the Los Angeles Lakers' game against the Los Angeles Clippers that had been scheduled for January 28, two days after the tragedy.
Many Major League Baseball, National Football League and National Hockey League players, teams and other organizations memorialized Bryant in the immediate aftermath of the crash.
Many players took time in the 2020 Pro Bowl to pay their respect to Bryant in the form of prayers and celebration tributes.
U.S. president Donald Trump, former U.S. presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, California governor Gavin Newsom, Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti and other American politicians all expressed their condolences.
McCoy has also reportedly given a verbal commitment to play beach volleyball with the USC Class of 2025 for head coach, Dain Blanton.
Gen. Valere Nka is a Cameroonian general who has commanded Cameroonian soldiers in the Boko Haram insurgency and the Anglophone Crisis.
Nka had already been involved in the fight against Boko Haram for some time, and had been second in command for the coalition forces fighting around Lake Chad.
Adolphus Andrews (October 7, 1879 - June 19, 1948) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral.
A Naval Academy graduate and veteran of three wars, he is most noted for his service as Commander, Eastern Sea Frontier during the World War II.
He later served on the Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry in 1944 and following the War, Andrews served as American Red Cross Commissioner for Pacific area.
Adolphus Andrews was born on October 7, 1879 in Galveston, Texas, the son of merchant Adolphus Rutherford Andrews and his wife former Lala Caroline Davis.
He graduated from the Oak Cliff High School in Dallas in summer 1895 and entered the University of Texas at Austin.
Andrews spent one year at the University, before took a competitive exam for appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland.
He graduated on June 7, 1901 with Bachelor of Science degree on the top of his class and among his classmates were several future Admirals including World War II Chief of Naval Operations, Ernest J.
King; and Burrell C. Allen, Ivan E. Bass, John Downes, Arthur P. Fairfield, Charles W. Fisher Jr., Julius A. Furer, George F. Neal, Walter N. Vernou, Manley H. Simmons, Rufus F. Zogbaum Jr. and William S. Pye.
He also held additional duty as Aide at the White House and was promoted consecutively to Lieutenant (junior grade) and Lieutenant on June 7, 1906.
In February 1908, Andrews returned to the United States and assumed duty at New York Navy Yard, where he remained for eight months and then was transferred to the Navy Recruiting Stations in Dallas, Texas.
Andrews subsequently returned to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland and served as Aide to the Superintendent and Secretary of the Academic Board, Captain John H. Gibbons until April 1914.
He served originaly as Ship's Navigator under Captain Roger Welles during the rearmament at Philadelphia Navy Yard and following the promotion and detachment of Captain Welles in January 1917, Andrews was appointed acting commanding officer.
He then participated in the training off the coast of Cuba and also served as Naval Aide to Prince Axel of Denmark during the latter's stay in the United States.
Andrews was promoted to the rank of Commander on July 1, 1918 and to the temporary rank of Captain on September 21 that year.
In December 1918, Andrews was ordered to New York City and attached to the headquarters of Third Naval District under Rear admiral Nathaniel R. Usher.
He remained in that capacity until November 1919, when he was sent to the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island.
He accompanied President Harding to Alaska and after his death in August 1923, continued as senior Naval Aide to President Calvin Coolidge.
He remained in that assignment until April 1926, when he was succeeded by Captain Wilson Brown and assumed duty as a member of the American Representation at the Geneva Preparatory Commission on Limitation of Armaments.
In mid-1927 he was again sent to Geneva as a member of the American Representation for the Conference on Limitation of Armaments.
He was subsequently ordered to the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island and appointed Chief of Staff to President of the College, Rear admiral Harris Laning.
Following the departure of admiral Laning in May 1933, Andrews served as acting President of the College for three weeks, when he was relieved by new President, Rear admiral Luke McNamee.
He was subsequently appointed Chief of Staff of the Battle Force, operating in the Atlantic under Admiral Joseph M. Reeves and remained in that capacity until February 1934, when admiral Reeves was promoted to the command of the United States Fleet and took Andrews with him as Chief of Staff.
In June 1935, Andrews was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Navigation in Washington, D.C. and was responsible mostly for Navy personnel administration until June 1938.
He was subsequently appointed Commander, Scouting Force, operating with the United States Fleet and was promoted to the temporary rank of Vice Admiral on July 1, 1938.
During his service with the Scouting Force, United States Fleet, Andrews visited Panama and received Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa.
He was also member of the American delegation to Brazil on the occasion of the anniversary of Brazilian independence and received Order of Naval Merit.
Following the completion of his tour with Scouting Force in February 1941, Andrews reverted to his permanent rank of Rear admiral and assumed duty as Commandant of the Third Naval District with headquarters at New York Navy Yard.
During the end of his tenure in February 1942, seized ocean liner SS Normandie, which was stationed at New York Navy Yard caught fire and capsized.
Due to the Investigation Andrew's nomination to Vice admiral was held up by the senate naval affairs committee after Senators Charles L. McNary and Owen Brewster raised the question of placing responsibility for the fire.
Meanwhile, Naval Coastal Frontiers were grouped in to Sea Frontiers and the area of the Naval Coastal Frontier formerly under Andrew's command was merged into the Eastern Sea Frontier and he became its commander.
Andrews had to face the task of sweeping the stretch of the Atlantic between Nova Scotia and Florida free of enemy submarines.
He was transferred to the Retired list of the Navy on November 1, 1943, but remained on active as Chairman of the Navy Manpower Survey Board in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy under Frank Knox.
Andrew's Board of five (among them Andrew's Naval Academy Classmate Charles W. Fisher Jr., Rear admiral Paul F. Foster and Civil Service Commissioner Arthur S. Flemming) was appointed to determine whether shore establishments were over-manned or under-manned and whether Navy's manpower was being utilized to the best possible advantage.
Following the death of Secretary Knox in April 1944, his successor James V. Forrestal ordered that a Naval Court of Inquiry be convened to investigate the facts surrounding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and to assess any culpability borne by members of the Navy.
The Court consisted of Andrews; Admiral Orin G. Murfin, who served as President of the Court, and Admiral Edward C. Kalbfus.
Its report to the Navy Department largely exonerated Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet at the time of the attack.
The court found that Kimmel's decisions had been correct given the limited information available to him, but criticized then-Chief of Naval Operations Harold R. Stark for failing to warn Kimmel that war was imminent.
Because the court's findings implicitly revealed that American cryptographers had broken the Japanese codes, a critical wartime secret, the court's report was not made public until after the end of the war.
The court had found that the Army and Navy had adequately cooperated in the defense of Pearl Harbor; that there had been no information indicating that Japanese carriers were on their way to attack Pearl Harbor; and that the attack had succeeded principally because of the aerial torpedo, a secret weapon whose use could not have been predicted.
Forrestal disapproved all of these findings, judging that Kimmel could have done more with the information he had had to prevent or mitigate the attack.
Andrews was relieved of all active duty in December 1944 and assumed position as Commissioner of the American Red Cross for South Pacific areas in June 1945.
He subsequently served as a director of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway, the Texas Bank & Trust Company, the Kansas City Wholesale Grocery Company of Kansas City, Mo., and the Bird Shankle Corporation of San Antonio.
He was also a member of the New York City University Club, the Dallas Downtown Club, the Fort Worth Club, the Alibi Club, and the Metropolitan Club and Cevy Chase Country Clubs of Washington, D.C.
Vice admiral Adolphus Andrews died following a long illness on June 19, 1948, aged 68, at Naval Hospital in Houston, Texas.
They had two children a son, Adolphus Andrews Jr., who served as Marine Corps officer during World War II and a daughter Frances W. Andrews.
Crystal Simone Dangerfield (born May 11, 1998) is an American women's basketball player with the University of Connecticut Huskies of the American Athletic Conference.
Vuk Kalaitović (1913—1948) was a Yugoslav military officer holding the rank of captain who was commander of the Chetnik Mileševa Corps during World War II.
On 25 August, together with units of voivode Đekić and Vlajko Ćurčić (voivode of Zlatar) he participated in capture of Axis controlled Kokin Brod when all members of its garrison were killed.
On 29 October 1941 Kalaitović attended the gathering of people from villages Štitkovo, Božetić and Bukovik, organized by Chetnik officer Božo Javorski.
In February 1942 joint forces of Chetniks under command of Kalaitović and Muslim militia commanded by Hasan Zvizdić attacked the Communist forces.
In Autumn of 1942 the organization of the Chetnik units in valley of the river Lim was changed, based on the iniciative of Pavle Đurišić, and Mileševa Corp was established.
During one battle with communist forces, Chetniks commanded by Kalaitović captured 120 enemy soldiers and discovered that 22 of them wore uniform of Ustaše, to whom they belonged before they joined the communists, and immediately executed them.
On January 5, 1943, Montenegrin Chetniks, commanded by Pavle Đurišić, attacked 33 villages predominantly populated with Muslims in the region of Lower Bihor.
They pursued raids of revenge against Sandžak Muslims, many being innocent villagers, with the goal of settling accounts with Muslim militias.
In February 1943, Chetnik units commanded by Kalaitović, together with those commanded by Ostojić, Baćović, Đurišić and Lukačević killed about 1,200 Muslim Militiamen and about 8,000 women, children and old people.
Mileševa Corp with 200 men at that time commanded by Kalaitović joined retreating units of Pavle Đurišić at the end of 1944.
On 16 December 1944 his units were ambushed near Miljevina and suffered substantial casuatlies that left him unable for further actions.
The Chetnik units were restructured against the order published on 5 January 1945, but Mileševa Corps remained non-restructured and under command of Kalaitović and among other Chetnik units of Chetnik HQ for Montenegro, Boka and Old Ras.
After the battle, Kalaitović and group of his Chetniks retreated from the region of Banja Luka with intention to return to Sanjak region.
Serbian historian Salih Selimović states that Kalaitović protected the Muslim population and never attacked any of Muslim localities within the zone of his responsibility.
When, during 1945, Communist authorities discovered that Kalaitović was hiding in the village of Kladnica, they blocked the area, but Muslim villagers helped Kalaitović to hide and escape.
This article documents countries affected by and responses to the novel coronavirus responsible for the 2019–20 outbreak in Wuhan, China, and may not include all the contemporary major responses and measures.
, a total of 13,994 cases of 2019-nCoV coronavius have been confirmed in 27 countries and territories, including 157 cases outside mainland China.
The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) implemented signage in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal airports to raise awareness of the virus and has added a health screening question to the electronic kiosks for passengers arriving from central China; however, there are no direct flights from Wuhan to Canada.
On 23 January, Minister of Health Patty Hajdu said that five or six people were being monitored for signs of the virus, including at least one in Quebec (who has since been cleared) and another in Vancouver.
On 25 January, the first presumptive case in Canada was admitted to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto and placed into a negative pressure chamber.
The patient, a male in his 50s who travelled between Wuhan and Guangzhou before returning to Toronto on 22 January, contacted emergency services following rapid onset symptoms.
The presumption of infection in the patient was made after a rapid test was done at Public Health Ontario's Toronto laboratory.
The individual, a male in his 40s and a resident of the Vancouver area, had travelled regularly to China for work.
Officials reported that he had returned from Wuhan on his most recent voyage and he sought medical attention on 26 January following symptom onset and he has since been in self-isolation at home.
As of 29 January, the Government of Canada issued a travel advisory to avoid non-essential travel to China due to the novel coronavirus outbreak.
The Government of Canada also issued a regional travel advisory to avoid all travel to the Province of Hubei—including the cities of Wuhan, Huanggang and Ezhou—due to the imposition of heavy travel restrictions in order to limit the spread of the virus.
On the same day, the Minister of Foreign Affairs François-Philippe Champagne announced that an aircraft would be sent to repatriate Canadians from the areas affected by the virus in China.
As a result of the travel advisories issued by the Canadian government, Air Canada suspended all direct flights to China until at least 29 February.
On 31 January, the third confirmed case in Ontario (and the fourth confirmed case in Canada) was reported in the city of London.
Officials said that the individual, a woman in her 20s and a student at University of Western Ontario, returned from Wuhan on 23 January.
She was asymptomatic and had tested negative at first, but additional advanced testing confirmed that the woman had low levels of the virus in her system.
Officials said that the individual wore a mask during her voyage and she voluntarily entered self-isolation upon her return, making a full recovery after two or three days.
As of 30 January, the associate medical officer of Ontario said that the province had conducted a total of 67 tests with 38 negative results.
On 21 January, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the first confirmed case of the virus in a man in his 30s living in Snohomish County, Washington.
The man had recently travelled from Wuhan to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport on 15 January and reported on 19 January to the Providence Regional Medical Center in Everett, Washington with symptoms of pneumonia.
On 26 January, the fourth and fifth cases, also travellers from Wuhan, were confirmed in Los Angeles County, California and Maricopa County, Arizona, respectively, .
On 24 January the Texas Department of State Health Services confirmed that four possible cases were being investigated, including students at Baylor University and Texas A&M University.
On 26 January, the Virginia Department of Health announced that it was investigating three possible cases in Virginia, including two in Central Virginia and one in Northern Virginia.
Ultimately, both the two suspected cases in Central Virginia and the third suspected case, a student at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia residing off campus, tested negative for the virus.
On 29 January, the CDC reported a cumulative total of 165 PUIs, with 68 testing negative and no additional PUIs testing positive.
On 28 January, the Butler County, Ohio Health Department reported that two Miami University students were being tested for possible infection with the virus.
The new case is the husband of the second confirmed case, a woman in her 60s who had recently travelled to Wuhan.
On 31 January, the CDC reported the seventh confirmed case in a man in Santa Clara County, California who had recently travelled to Wuhan.
On the same day, the US Department of Health and Human Services declared a public health emergency, announcing a mandatory quarantine for US citizens who had visited Hubei province and a blanket denial of entry for non-US nationals who had travelled to China within the preceding two weeks.
On 1 February, the CDC reported the eighth confirmed case in a man in his 20s in Boston, Massachusetts who had returned to school at the University of Massachusetts Boston from Wuhan.
Ahead of the Chinese New Year, San Francisco International Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, and John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City began screening arriving passengers.
However, as the number of US cases climbed, screening of passengers was added at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago and Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
On 29 January, Cambodia confirmed its first case in Sihanoukville, a 60-year-old Chinese man travelling to the coastal city from Wuhan with his family.
Three other members of his family were placed under quarantine as they did not appear to have symptoms, while he was placed in a separate room at the Preah Sihanouk Referral Hospital.
On 22 January, a mainland man, aged 39, who travelled from Shenzhen and arrived in Hong Kong by high-speed rail developed symptoms of pneumonia.
On 23 January, two medical workers and a visitor from Australia who had each been in close contact with the two aforementioned cases were quarantined.
The Hong Kong Tourism Board cancelled the Lunar New Year Cup and a four-day Lunar New Year carnival, citing concerns over the virus outbreak.
The city's largest amusement parks, Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, Ocean Park Hong Kong, and Madame Tussauds Hong Kong closed from 26 January, until further notice.
On 28 January, Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam stated the high-speed rail service between Hong Kong and mainland China would be suspended starting on 30 January, and all cross-border ferry services would also be suspended in a bid to stop the spread of coronavirus.
Additionally, flights from mainland China would be cut in half, cross-border bus services reduced, and the Hong Kong government is asking all its employees (except those providing essential/emergency services) to work from home.
In a later press conference that day, Carrie Lam said that the Man Kam To and Sha Tau Kok border checkpoints would be closed.
The Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) announced that all facilities overseen by the department including all public museums, public libraries and sports centres and venues will be closed until further notice as a health precaution.
The Government of India issued a travel advisory to its citizens, particularly for Wuhan, where about 500 Indian medical students study.
On 2 February, a second case was confirmed by the Ministry of Health to an individual in Kerala, it is reported the individual traveled regularly between India and China.
A 30-year-old Chinese national who had previously travelled to Wuhan developed a fever on 3 January and subsequently returned to Japan on 6 January.
Despite this, on 28 January, the fifth, sixth and seventh cases were confirmed in Japan, including a man who has not visited Wuhan.
On 30 January, it was announced that three Japanese nationals who arrived at Haneda after being evacuated from Wuhan tested positive.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced two Japanese nationals who came back via Haneda refused requests to be further tested and said that officials cannot legally force them to do it.
On the morning of 26 January, the Macau Health Bureau confirmed three additional cases: a 58-year-old woman arriving from Hong Kong on 23 January after travelling to Wuhan, and both a 21-year-old woman and a 39-year-old woman arriving in Macau on 22 January via the Lotus Bridge; all of which were residents of Wuhan.
The government also declared the closing of several venues to limit the possible spread of the virus, including several entertainment venues and planned Lunar New Year performances.
On 27 January, a 15-year-old boy, the son of one of the previously confirmed patients, was declared the sixth case of the virus in Macau.
On 28 January, the seventh case was announced, a 67-year-old woman and resident of Wuhan who travelled to Guangzhou before entering Macau through the Barrier Gate checkpoint.
Eight Chinese nationals were quarantined at a hotel in Johor Bahru on 24 January after coming into contact with an infected person in neighbouring Singapore.
Despite early reports of them testing negative for the virus, three of them were confirmed to be infected on 25 January and subsequently quarantined at the Sungai Buloh Hospital in Selangor.
The director general of the Ministry of Health, Noor Hisham Abdullah, said thermal scanners were being used to screen travellers at border points, and that the Malaysian health authorities were placed on high alert.
Malaysian public have been reminded by local authorities to take precautionary measures in the wake of the virus threat with those travelling to China have been advised to stay away from animal farms and markets in the country and to not eat raw or semi-cooked meats.
Following several earlier suspected cases in Sabah's capital of Kota Kinabalu, all direct flights between the state with China were stopped indefinitely.
A suspected case was also detected in the state of Kedah's island of Langkawi involving two female Chinese nationals with both victims quarantined at the Sultanah Maliha Hospital; one later confirmed positive on 29 January.
With the increasing number of cases reported in neighbouring Thailand, both the state of Kedah and Penang tightened their borders by conducting stringent checks at its international entry points.
A Chinese female national in Bintulu of Sarawak also suspected of having contracted the virus lead to the state tightening its border and postponing direct flights to Hainan, despite a recently signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) for direct flights with Sarawak.
Of the total of 25 Chinese nationals in Sabah earlier suspected of having contracted the virus, most of them tested negative as of 28 January although one of them later tested positive for the virus when reach China.
Another four suspected cases were recorded in Sarawak on 29 January; five in Kuching and one each in Sibu and Miri.
Within the same day, three additional positive cases were confirmed in West Malaysia, involving a four-year-old child quarantined at the Sultanah Maliha Hospital in Kedah, a 52-year-old man at Sultanah Aminah Hospital in Johor and a woman at Sungai Buloh Hospital in Selangor.
The state of Sarawak began to closed its borders to all Chinese visitors with immediate effect on 1 February, except for people with employment passes, student passes or long-term social visit passes.
A Nepali student who had returned from Wuhan became the first confirmed case of the country and South Asia on 24 January, after a sample sent to WHO Collaborating Centre Hong Kong.
The diagnosed patient was a 38-year-old Chinese woman from Wuhan, who had arrived in Manila from Hong Kong on 21 January.
She was admitted at the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila on 25 January after she sought a consultation due to a mild cough.
The second case was confirmed on 2 February, The diagnosed patient was a 44-year-old male who was the companion of the first case.
The distribution of the PUIs by region is as follows: 19 in Metro Manila (including two cases and two mortalities; one of which is from a confirmed case), ten in Central Luzon, eight in Western Visayas, four each in Central Visayas, Northern Mindanao and Davao, and one each in Cagayan Valley, Mimaropa and Eastern Visayas regions.
The sole PUI mortality not confirmed resulting from the coronavirus is that of a 29-year-old Chinese national from Yunnan confined at a Manila hospital who died from pneumonia and was also tested positive for HIV.
On 2 February, 24 out of the 31 PUI cases tested negative, two were confirmed and the rest of the cases have their results still pending.
Prior to that date, the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) in Muntinlupa conducted preliminary tests on suspected cases to determine if they are infected with a coronavirus but couldn't detect the new strain on patients.
Samples from suspected cases with confirmed coronavirus infection had to be sent abroad to the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory in Australia for confirmatory testing specifically for the 2019-nCoV strain.
In response to the outbreak following a cleared suspected case, the RITM began the process of acquiring primers and reagents in order to conduct confirmatory tests in the country.
On 29 January, it was announced that the RITM has acquired confirmatory kits to be able to test cases in the country.
The Philippine Genome Center is also developing a testing kit for the virus and are negotiating with the Department of Health for possible collaboration on the kit's development.
Ruffy Biazon, a member of the House of Representatives from Muntinlupa, called on the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) on 22 January to suspend flights from Wuhan to the Philippines.
On 24 January, the Philippine government decided to deport 135 individuals from Wuhan who landed arrived in the country through the Kalibo International Airport.
On 31 January, President Rodrigo Duterte imposed a travel ban on all Chinese nationals from Wuhan and the rest of the Hubei Province, as well as other affected areas in China infected by the coronavirus outbreak into the Philippines upon the recommendation by Health Secretary Francisco Duque III.
Earlier, the Department of Foreign Affairs temporarily stopped the issuance of visas to travellers from Hubei province, while the Bureau of Immigration (BI) announced on ordered the suspension of the visa upon arrival (VUA) program for Chinese tourists and businessmen.
Later on, the Philippine government established a ban on all foreign travelers who have been to China, Hong Kong and Macau in the past 14 days; Philippine citizens and holders of permanent resident visas will be allowed in the country but subjected to a mandatory 14-day quarantine.
Local airlines, AirAsia, Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific, has suspended flights connecting destinations in China and its territories (Macau and Hong Kong) and the Philippines from 2 February.
The outbreak also prompted for Albay Representative Joey Salceda to propose a legislation which would form a Center for Disease Control and Prevention which would deal with the management of communicable disease in the country.
The government has advised residents in the province to contact the Philippine consulate in Shanghai as part of the repatriation process.
The Mega Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center at Fort Magsaysay in Nueva Ecija and Caballo Island in Manila Bay are being considered as possible quarantine sites for repatriated Filipinos.
There are around 150 Filipinos who live in Wuhan alone, about 40 to 50 of which has volunteered to get repatriated.
The first case was confirmed on 23 January, involving a 66-year-old Chinese national from Wuhan who flew from Guangzhou via China Southern Airlines flight CZ351 with nine companions and stayed at Shangri-La's Rasa Sentosa Resort and Spa.
Two more cases were confirmed the next day, involving a 37-year-old son of the first case and a 53-year-old Chinese woman who arrived on 21 January by flight and had shown positive preliminary results.
On 25 January, the fourth case in Singapore was confirmed at Sengkang General Hospital, in a 36-year-old from Wuhan who had stayed at Village Hotel Sentosa.
It involved a 56-year-old from Wuhan who stayed at a house in Ceylon Road; she was subsequently warded at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID).
The Ministry of Health issued a health advisory on 2 January, and implemented temperature checks for passengers arriving in Changi Airport from Wuhan the following day.
In addition, individuals with pneumonia who had travelled to Wuhan within 14 days before the onset of symptoms will be isolated in hospital.
With the first confirmed case on 23 January, border control measures were enhanced and extended to land and sea checkpoints on 24 January with the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority and Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore starting temperature checks from noon of that day.
Other measures will also be taken to ensure the safety of students after the first case was confirmed on 23 January.
Some of these chalets had served as quarantine centres in previous outbreaks, such as the 2003 SARS outbreak and 2009 flu pandemic.
14 days of leave is to be imposed on students and teachers, alongside with workers who work with vulnerable populations, such as pre-school, elderly and healthcare, returning from mainland China.
In addition to the chalets, university hostels at National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, and Singapore Management University are being prepared as quarantine facilities.
The government also clamped down on false statements and rumours, with HardwareZone forum site receiving a Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) notice on a false statement claiming one man was dead due to the virus.
National Service (NS) pre-enlistees who have travelled to China and are due for enlistment will be given a mandatory leave of absence for up to 14 days, said the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in a joint media statement on 28 January.
These masks are meant to be used by the person in the household who is feeling unwell and has to make a trip to the doctor.
The distribution came after a scramble for surgical and N95 masks, hand sanitisers, and thermometers, which led to retailers with empty shelves and some trying to price gouge their available stocks.
The first South Korean national to be infected occurred three days later to a 55-year-old man who worked in Wuhan and returned to check symptoms resembling the flu.
He used a rental car and visited three restaurants, a hotel, a convenience store and met his family before admitting himself to the hospital.
A fourth patient was confirmed the next day as a 55-year-old South Korean man who returned from Wuhan on 20 January.
On 1 February, an update on the first four patients indicated that the first three patients were showing weaker symptoms and recovering well while the fourth patient is getting treatment from pneumonia.
Two more confirmed cases were reported on 30 January with the fifth patient being a 32-year-old South Korean man who returned from his work at Wuhan on 24 January.
That same day, four more patients were admitted into the record as the eighth patient (62-year-old South Korean woman) was returning from Wuhan while the ninth, tenth and the eleventh patient were infected second and third-hand.
The ninth patient caught the virus from the fifth patient as an acquaintance while the tenth and the eleventh patient were infected while visiting the sixth patient as his wife and child.
He caught the virus while visiting a Japanese patient in Japan and entered South Korea through Gimpo International Airport on 19 January.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Republic of Korea (KCDC) confirmed an additional 3 cases of 2019-nCoV infection on 2 February, bringing the total to 15.
Prior to 27 January, the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka had instructed the Quarantine Unit at Bandaranaike International Airport to screen passengers for symptoms.
Additionally, the ministry warned that infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly and people who suffer from chronic diseases among other issues should avoid visiting crowded places when possible.
On 27 January, the first confirmed case of the virus was reported in Sri Lanka, a 47-year-old Chinese woman from Hubei Province in China who was admitted to the National Institute of Infection Diseases in a critical condition.
Dr. Sudath Samaraweera, Chief Epidemiologist at the Epidemiology Unit of the Health Ministry, stated that the woman had arrived as a tourist with another group of travelers and had been screened at the Bandaranaike International Airport after having a high fever.
The rest of the travelers accompanying her had already left the country and the hotels she and her travel companions had stayed at have been identified, he added.
In a statement released on 31 January, the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health said that four of those patients were foreign nationals.
Eight of the patients were placed under surveillance at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, two at the Polonnaruwa Hospital, five at the National Hospital in Kandy and one at the Karapitiya Teaching Hospital.
On 26 January, two transit passengers - one from Indonesia and one from Pakistan - were placed under quarantine in Colombo after they developed symptoms of the coronavirus while on board a plane from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
On 27 January ten more people, including seven foreign nationals, were placed under quarantine at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
On the same day, the National Union of Seafarers of Sri Lanka noted that six Sri Lankan sailors on a vessel sailing from China to Egypt were displaying symptoms.
A Sri Lankan Airlines charter flight to evacuate 33 Sri Lankan students and families from Wuhan, China landed in the capital of Hubei Province.
A 22-member National Action Committee has been set up by the Ministry of Health to prevent the spread of coronavirus in Sri Lanka.
CMC chief medical officer Ruwan Wijayamuni also requested those who enter public places, hotels and restaurants in Colombo to wear face masks as a precautionary measure.
Following the first reported case of coronavirus in Sri Lanka on 27 January, demand for face masks in the country soared and the country began to face a face mask shortage.
Some pharmacies in the country had sold all face masks and there were reports from customers that face masks were being sold at over ten to twenty times the original price.
The Department of Immigration and Emigration will inform all construction sites with Chinese resident visa holders to restrict their Chinese employees to their respective workplaces and lodgings.
On 1 February,The Director General of Health Services Dr. Anil Jasinghe says the female Chinese national, the first patient who was tested positive for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Sri Lanka, has recovered completely.
On 21 January, the first case in Taiwan was confirmed in a 50-year-old woman who just returned to Taoyuan International Airport from her teaching job in Wuhan.
Among the confirmed cases is a Taiwanese man in his 50s who was fined NT$300,000 for failure to report his symptoms and attempting to conceal his subsequent activities, leading to a potential contamination incident at a ballroom in Kaohsiung.
In Thailand, screening of passengers arriving from China at six airports; Suvarnabhumi Airport, Don Mueang International Airport, Phuket International Airport, Chiang Mai International Airport and Krabi International Airport, began on 3 January, with additional of Chiang Rai International Airport since 24 January.
The affected individual was a 61-year-old Chinese woman who is a resident of Wuhan; she had not visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, but was noted to have been to other markets.
She developed a sore throat, fever, chills and a headache on 5 January, flew directly with her family and a tour group from Wuhan to Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok on 8 January, where she was detected using thermal surveillance and then hospitalised.
On 21 January, Nakornping Hospital reported on a suspected case of a 18-year-old male patient who arrived in Chiang Mai from Wuhan with a high fever; his blood samples were sent to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Bangkok for further analysis.
On 22 January, the Thai Ministry of Public Health announced a report for two additional confirmed cases of infection found in Thailand.
The fourth case was the first case for a Thai citizen; a 73-year-old Thai woman hospitalised at in Nakhon Pathom Province, arriving from Wuhan.
The fifth case was confirmed on 24 January in a 33-year-old Chinese woman arriving from Wuhan with her 7-year-old daughter who was not infected.
On 25 January, the government of Hua Hin District in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province reported a case for a 73-year-old Chinese woman patient who had arrived from Wuhan since 19 January before entering a private hospital in Hua Hin on 23 January.
One was a local taxi driver who had no records of travelling to China and was thus suspected to have been infected by a Chinese tourist he picked up, making this the first case of human-to-human virus transmission within the country.
The taxi driver was reported to have come into contact with at least thirteen other individuals, mostly family members, before seeking treatment.
The Thai government is set to dispatch a plane to retrieve 161 citizens who are to return from Wuhan on 1 February.
On 23 January, Abu Dhabi International Airport and Dubai International Airport announced that travellers arriving directly from China would have their temperatures screened.
On 29 January, the first case in the United Arab Emirates was confirmed in a Chinese national who came to the country on vacation with their family from Wuhan.
The family of four, mother, father, nine-year-old girl and grandmother, arrived in the Emirates on 16 January and took the grandmother to a doctor with flu-like symptoms on 23 January, where it was discovered that the family was infected with the virus.
On 31 January, the fifth case of coronavirus in the UAE was confirmed, in someone who had travelled from Wuhan to Dubai.
Prime Minister of Vietnam Nguyễn Xuân Phúc ordered measures to prevent and counter the spread of the disease into Vietnam, as well as to warn Vietnamese citizens not to visit the epidemic areas.
These were a Chinese man travelling from Wuhan to Hanoi to visit his son living in Vietnam, and the son, who is believed to have contracted the disease from his father.
On 23 January, two Vietnamese nationals who recently returned from Wuhan were quarantined at a hospital in Hanoi after developing symptoms.
The following week, three positive cases were confirmed by the Ministry of Health, all involving Vietnamese nationals who have returned from Wuhan.
One of them is being isolated and cured in Thanh Hoa Province, while the others are being treated in the capital city of Hanoi.
On 1 February, a sixth case was reported, a 25-year-old Vietnamese woman in Khanh Hoa Province, who had contact with two infected Chinese nationals who visited the hotel where she working as a receptionist.
The suspect had started their journey from Wuhan via Beijing five days earlier, and had had a respiratory illness for two days.
On 27 January, Finland's foreign ministry issued a travel advisory recommending Finnish citizens to avoid unnecessary travel to China's Hubei province.
The next day, the Finnish airline Finnair announced it was suspending five weekly routes to Nanjing and Beijing Daxing until the end of March.
On 24 January, the first confirmed case in Europe was reported in Bordeaux, with two more in Paris all in people recently returned from China.
On 27 January, the Bavarian Ministry of Health announced that a man from the Starnberg district in Bavaria has become infected with the disease.
His case is the first known of a person contracting the virus outside of China from a non-relative (the first known transmission of the virus outside China being father to son in Vietnam).
All four patients are employees of the same company; they are being medically monitored and isolated at the München clinic in Schwabing.
Enhanced screening measures, including thermal cameras and medical staff, have been set up at Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport and Milan Malpensa Airport.
The Russian consumer health watchdog Rospotrebnadzor advised tourists to refrain from visiting Wuhan and to stay away from Chinese zoos and markets selling animals and seafood.
The Governors of the Amur Region Vasily Orlov, and of the Penza Oblast Ivan Belozertsev, called on residents to abandon trips to China altogether.
On 31 January, the first case of novel Coronavirus in Spain, a German patient, was confirmed on the Island of La Gomera, in the Canary Islands.
On 31 January, one patient at the Ryhov County Hospital in Jönköping, central-southern Sweden, was tested positive for the coronavirus, as confirmed by the Public Health Agency of Sweden (Folkhälsomyndigheten).
Heathrow Airport has tightened surveillance of the three direct flights that it receives from Wuhan every week; each will be met by a Port Health team.
There was contention over whether the government should assist the repatriation of UK passport holders from the greatest affected areas, or restrict travel from affected regions altogether.
An evacuation flight from Wuhan landed at RAF Brize Norton on 31 January and the passengers, none of whom are showing symptoms, are being taken to quarantine, in a staff residential block at Arrowe Park Hospital in the Wirral.
Some British nationals in Wuhan had been informed that they could be evacuated but their spouses and/or children with mainland Chinese passports could not.
On 31 January two cases were confirmed in England, both members of a family of Chinese nationals staying in a hotel in York who were taken to specialist facilities in Newcastle upon Tyne.
To limit the spread of the virus, Australia's Chief Medical Officer, Brendan Murphy, said biosecurity officials would begin screening passengers arriving on the three weekly flights to Sydney from Wuhan starting on 23 January.
Passengers would also be given an information pamphlet and asked to present themselves if they had a fever or suspected they might have the disease.
On 25 January, the first confirmed case was announced, a Chinese national in his 50s who had travelled from Guangzhou to Melbourne via China Southern Airlines flight CZ321 on 19 January.
Within the same day, six people in New South Wales were being held under observation and confirmed to undergo hospital testing after having recently returned from Wuhan.
On 27 January, NSW Chief Health Officer Kerry Chant announced in a press conference that a fifth patient had tested positive for the virus, the fourth case in the state of New South Wales.
On 29 January, a 60-year-old Victorian resident was confirmed as the sixth patient in Australia, and the second patient in Victoria.
On 29 January, a suspect patient tested positive for the virus in Queensland, the first case in the state and the seventh in the country, a 44-year-old Chinese national from Wuhan who was isolated at the Gold Coast Hospital.
On 2 February, two more cases were confirmed in South Australia, a 60-year-old male and a 60-year-old female travelling from Wuhan to visit family, bringing the total cases in Australia to 12.
On 28 January, Ethiopia's state-affiliated FANA broadcasting corporate, FBC, reported that four Ethiopians suspected of being infected by the coronavirus have been placed in isolation.
Professionals are advised to observe fever, cough and difficulty in breathing associated with people who have travelled to outbreak areas in China.
A new suspected case was declared on 28 January, a 22 years old who has been in Wuhan and came to Belo Horizonte on 24 January.
By end of same day, two new suspect cases have been raised, one man 40 years old in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul and another man with 29 years old in Curitiba, Paraná.
On 29 January, among 33 notifications, the Ministry of Health confirmed nine suspected cases in six Brazilian states: Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Paraná and Ceará.
On 31 January, the Brazilian government reported that country was investigating twelve suspected cases in five states, with no confirmed cases.
On 26 January, a suspected case, a person of Chinese nationality, who had boarded a flight in Hong Kong and arrived in Quito on 21 January, was isolated.
As of 30 January, the patient remains under isolation in Quito, is in a critical condition and will likely die from his illness.
Samples of the patient have been sent to Atlanta where it is currently being tested if the patient is infected by the virus or not.
On Jan 31, the Ministry of Health, Catalina Andramuño, announced that the country now possess reactives for testing new cases locally, becoming the first in South America.
On 28 January, at least eight individuals are suspected to be infected by the coronavirus in various provinces, including four individuals in Central Java, one in East Java, two in West Java, and one in West Papua.
The government also stopped a policy to give free visa to Chinese nationals and visa on arrival for those who live in Mainland China.
Chinggis Khaan International Airport and borders with China has tightened security, and doing medical checkups on passengers who came from China and other infected countries.
On 27 January, a 14-year-old girl in the rural Khentii Province fell ill with a suspected case of pneumonia and laryngitis, and was admitted to the provincial hospital at 08:10 local time, but was pronounced dead on the same day, at 16:50 local time.
Health authorities have since taken a sample from the deceased girl to be analysed at the National Center for Communicable Diseases in Ulaanbaatar.
Two Mongolian students returning from Taiwan to Chinggis Khaan International Airport had symptoms before departing to Ulaanbaatar from Hong Kong and were quarantined after landing in Mongolia, currently awaiting test results for the virus.
On 31 January, the Ministry of Transport and Communications said that a Chinese person arriving at Yangon Airport on a China Southern Airlines had been sent to Waybargyi Hospital for quarantine.
Four Chinese nationals were admitted to hospitals in Multan and Lahore after showing symptoms of the virus including a 23-year-old Chinese patient and a 40-year-old Chinese man who had returned to Pakistan from Wuhan 10 days ago.
The Government of Pakistan began screening of passengers at airports in Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar to prevent entry of coronavirus in the country.
Pakistan International Airlines also announced to pre-screen passengers before they board the plane on its flights at the Beijing Capital International Airport.
On 27 January, The Government of Gilgit Baltistan decided to delay opening the China-Pakistan border crossing point at Khunjerab Pass, scheduled for February.
The first suspected case in Cyprus was reported on the evening of 31 January, in Nicosia, in the Greek-Cypriot sector; the possibility of a positive result is very low.
On 27 January, Health Minister Vasilis Kikilias asserted that all necessary protective protocols were in place after a group of Chinese tourists from Wuhan arrived at Athens International Airport.
One of them had had contact with a person known to be infected with the 2019-nCoV coronavirus and the other had had contact with Chinese people in Germany.
On 28 January, a woman suspected of having the virus was admitted to a hospital in Łódź, and another person in Łódź was suspected of having the virus.
The woman is to be released on 1 February, the other person has been released already; in Poland there are a dozen suspected cases with results pending.
Several hospitals in the country will house patients if they have the virus, two of them are in Bucharest and other hospitals in other cities, including Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara and Constanța.
On 21 January, a band formed of 50 musicians from the philharmonics of seven cities returned home from a 50-day tour in China, the inaugural concert being in Wuhan.
On 29 January, Minister of Health Zweli Mkhize briefed the media on South Africa's readiness to detect and contain the virus.
The Panamanian government has enhanced its sanitary control and screening measures at all ports of entry, in order to prevent the spread of the virus, isolating and testing potential cases.
He said that the epidemiological surveillance system in Venezuela is active and no cases of coronavirus have been reported in humans so far.
During an interview with Venezolana de Televisión (VTV), Minister Alvarado said that it had activated, following recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the epidemiological surveillance system in ports, airports and health personnel.
Deputy Minister of Collective Health Networks, Marisela Bermúdez ordered all airports across Venezuela to take necessary measures in order to prevent the virus from spreading in the region.
It is also the only health institute in the country with installed capacity for the diagnosis of respiratory viruses in Venezuela and is able carry out logistics in the 23 states, the Capital District and Federal Dependencies.
Liana Torosyan, the head of the Department of Infectious Diseases, advised that samples will be sent to European labs as Armenia does not have the capacity to test for novel coronavirus.
The Ministry of Health of Bhutan has strengthened screening at the country's points of entry as a response to the outbreak.
All medical facilities in the country has been told to increase their vigilance for possible cases and to coordinate with the Royal Centre for Disease Control.
As of 28 January, more than 1300 Kazakhstani citizens are in China, more than 600 of them are tourists, mostly visiting Hainan.
From 25 January, National Public Health Center specialists are consulting travellers from and to China at all three airports in Lithuania.
According to public health officials, Vilnius Airport had a medical exercise in December and is ready to handle infected passengers and contain the spread of the virus.
Maltese local authorities have taken preventive measures, and advised the public and health workers to uphold sanitary regulation to not spread illnesses.
On 24 January, the Superintendent of Public Health has cautioned for adequate measures but saw no risk of arriving and spreading within the country then.
Airlines and the main international airport Schiphol are, as of 22 January, not taking extra measures yet against the spread of the virus, stating the lack of direct flights from or to Wuhan.
The Ministry of Health announced that Turkey has arranged quarantine rooms, inspection centres and thermal cameras for screening at the airports as added precautions, even though the World Health Organization does not consider them necessary.
On 24 January, the Republic of the Marshall Islands issued a travel advisory that requires any visitors to the country to have spent at least 14 days in a country free of the virus.
Minister of Health David Clark announced that public health staff would start meeting flights from China on 27 January to look for signs of the virus amongst arriving passengers.
Palau's President Thomas Remengesau Jr. issued an executive order suspending all charter flights from China, Macau and Hong Kong from 1-29 February.
Before entering the country, people must have spent at least 14 days in a country free of the virus, as well as complete a medical clearance.
Two Samoan nationals who had briefly stopped in China have been placed into quarantine for two weeks at the Faleolo District Hospital.
Six Chinese travellers were in quarantine in Nadi, Fiji, as a precaution after they failed to gain entry to Samoa due to Samoa's quarantine requirements.. As of 1 February 2020, all six suspected cases of the virus have tested negative.
The 1969–70 New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball team represented New Mexico State University during the 1969–70 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
They were led by fourth year head coach Lou Henson and three future NBA players – consensus second-team All-American Jimmy Collins, big man Sam Lacey, and Charlie Criss.
The team reached the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament, losing to eventual champion UCLA before defeating St. Bonaventure in the National Third Place Game.
During her first year at Oregon, Sabally appeared in every game for the Ducks while averaging 10.7 points and 3.8 rebounds per game.
Following the season, she was named to the Pac-12 team, an honorable mention All-American by the WBCA, and to the watchlist for both the Naismith Trophy and Wade Trophy.
Graverobbers (also known as Dead Mate) is a 1988 American black comedy horror film written and directed by Straw Weisman, and starring Elizabeth Mannino, David Gregory, Lawrence Bockius, Jerry Rector, Judith Mayes, and Kelvin Keraga.
Celeste M. Nelson (born 21 August 1976) is a Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Director of the Program in Engineering Biology at Princeton University.
She is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) and was a finalist in the 2017 and 2018 Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists.
She became interested in biology as a teenager, but it wasn't until she spent time in a laboratory that she realised how much she enjoyed experiments.
Whilst at MIT Nelson was a member of the Tau Beta Pi engineering honour society and graduated in Phi Beta Kappa.
Nelson moved to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine for her graduate studies, working on biomedical engineering under the supervision of Christopher S. Chen.
Nelson was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) where she worked alongside Mina J. Bissell in the Division of Life Sciences.
To interrogate the process by which organs generate their internal anatomies Nelson created a protocol to grow these structures in a laboratory.
She identified several genes that are essential for branching tissue to properly develop and studied how they work together to coordinate the branching process.
Hetta Bartlett (1 May 1877 – May 1947) was an English stage and film actress whose career spanned both the West End and Broadway.
By 1899 aged 22 Hetta Bartlett was acting in the Company of Charles Hawtrey including his tour of America in the 1900s.
In 1939 she was living in Marylebone in London and described herself as an actress and 'Widowed' on the official register.
Aged 15, Montier - with his father Elie and friend Gillet - built his first car, the Montier & Gillet, a steam-powered wagonette steered by a tiller.
Montier entered the automative industry, working for Darracq among others, later going into business as Charles Montier et Cie, selling and modifying Fords as one of the two Ford agents in France.
This was the first running of Le Mans, which was to become one of the most prestigious motor races in the world.
The duo's third and final attempt at LeMans, in 1925, was also unsuccessful as they were unclassified due to only completing 54 of the 117 laps required.
Alongside the Le Man entries, Charles continued hillclimbing; and he and his son Ferdinand raced Montier Specials in the Coupe de la Commission Sportive event, a support race to the 1927 French Grand Prix.
The Montiers turned their attention to racing Ford Model A-based Montier Specials in Grand Prix and endurance races at numerous events between 1929 and 1935..
Montier Senior finished 6th in the 1930 Belgian Grand Prix (a Grandes Épreuves event but not a championship event as no championship was awarded in the 1930 Grand Prix season), but was not classified in the 1930 French Grand Prix and retired from the 1930 San Sebastián Grand Prix.
Championship races in the 1931 Grand Prix season were endurance races of 10 hours duration with 2 drivers assigned to each car.
Montier also ran in 2 non-championship rounds that year: the 1931 Casablanca Grand Prix, which he did not finish, and the 1931 Dieppe Grand Prix where he finished 10th.
Montier only entered one Grand Prix as a driver in the 1932 season, the 1932 Picardy Grand Prix where he finished 9th.
No Grand Prix entries as a driver are recorded for Charles Montier in 1933, but Ferdinand entered the 1933 Dieppe Grand Prix in a Ford V8-powered Montier Special.
The race was won by René Dreyfus in his Bugatti Type 59 - the last Grandes Épreuves victory for the famous marque.
The rainy 1935 Grand Prix at the Orléans Circuit was stopped on lap 7 due to an accident involving Marcel Buffy's Bugatti Type 51; Buffy's car crashed into the crowd, hitting 12 spectators and fatally wounding one of them.
It is unclear from contemporary reports, but researcher Leif Snellman believes Montier may have been driving the twin-engined car but it may have been the V8.
Hailing from political background in the family, Ravinder Singh has paved his way over the year by continual effort with the youth portion of the society and the grass level masses of north west New Delhi.
Shri Indraj Singh, Ravinder has been growing his influence over his people of the Bawana district over the years and as a result is contesting in the upcoming Delhi Assembly Election 2020 from Bhartiya Janta Party.
Ravinder Indraj SIngh spent his early days under the care of his parents until he completed his graduated in Bachelor of Education from University of New Delhi .
Along with his formal education, Ravinder played a key role in educating the masses and promoting cleanliness drives in the Bawana district.
Owing to his growing influence and his interest in serving the people, Ravinder decided to spent the next years of his life, making a career in politics.
Recognizing his efforts and work, he was made President of the SC Morcha of the Narela district of New Delhi ( 1995 – 1998) and later the Chairman, SC Morcha, District Narela, Delhi (1998 – 2001).
His contribution in the regular programs of the party and people, paved the way for him towards becoming the State Executive of the prime Bhartiya Janta Party which at that point of time was at its nascent stage in the Delhi politics.
Ravinder shouldered the responsibilities with great enthusiasm for the next three years ( 2003 -2006 ) His rise in power is being seen as an example of shear hardwork and focus.
Apart from working and managing the ground level political affairs, he also participated in programs like tree plantation drives etc, imparting values and necessity of environmental care in our society.
Later on, he was appointed as the Member of Indian Executive, SC Morcha, BJP (2006 – 2009) and then the Vice President, SC Morcha, Delhi Pradesh, BJP (2014 – 2017).
After almost a couple of decade of hardwork, Ravinder is seen as among the forefront runner and has been held withheld with responsibility of winning the key SC-reserved constituency Bawana, resulting in a straight clash with the current ruling party ( Aam Admi Party ).
Bawana is a rural constituency which is located on the outskirts of Delhi city where Dalits and Jats hold an important vote bank.
It was recorded as a tribute to the United States Armed Forces fighting in the Vietnam War and was also a tribute to Howard's two sons who were in the military.
The album was released in a vinyl record format, featuring 6 songs on one side and 5 on the other side of the record.
The Somaliland Civil Service Commission is a Somaliland government agency that is concerned about regulating the employment and working conditions of civil servants.
She is the first woman surgeon in the world to pioneer the Cochlear implant surgery in India and Asia in 1987.
Dr. Souza was one of the first ENT surgeons in the country to perform artificial ear operations, is credited to have given the gift of hearing to thousands of patients.
2014/2016 Croatian War Veterans Tent Protest was 555 days long war veterans protest, often dubbed in Croatia as The Tenters (Croatian: šatoraši).
At the same time another group of protesters near the central tent blocked the traffic and brought out gas bottles on Savska street which they apparently threatened to blow if the police doesn't back off from the church.
After both Josipović and Milanović lost the elections in 2014. and 2015. the protests gradually calmed down and in April 2016., with the new minister taking over the veterans office, the tent was dismantled, formally ending the protest.
On second day of the protest, a window was broken on the building of the Ministry by throwing a potato in the glass.
On the third day of the protest a female veteran invalid got sick during the rally and she died shortly after.
Two days later, on October 24 2014., prime minister Milanović gave a statement in which he stood by his ministers and accused the protesters of protesting with support of the rival party Croatian Democratic Union.
On following days, minister Matić had to be escorted by the police while he was going to work in the ministry.
He subsequently came to visit them on the same day, accompanied by minister Matić and then chief-of-staff of Croatian Army Drago Lovrić.
On the same day, one of the protesters, threw a piece of cardboard on Bojan Glavešević's head while Glavašević was going to work.
On 28 October 2014, a one veteran drove himself by a taxi in front of the Savska tent, after which he poured himself by a gasoline and set himself on fire.
Ivo Josipović lost the presidential elections to a right-wing candidate Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović which was met with the celebrations in the form of blocking the traffic on the Savska street and fireworks.Shortly afterwards, Kolinda came to the tent to visit the protesters.
As they were passing through the city, the people who disagreed with them, shouted insults to the counter-protesters.At the same time, between 300-400 Tent veterans started marching towards prime minister Mianović's appartement because the tent leaders accused Milanović of being behind the counter-protest.
On May 29, prime minister Milanović declared his offer to negotiate with the tenters in Lisinski Concert Hall, which they rejected.
This was problematic because the tenters didn't report their protest to the police, which they were supposed to do by the law.
As the night, fell a man climbed on the building and threathened to jump off if the police doesn't back off from the tenters.
At the same time another group of protesting veterans near the central tent blocked the traffic and brought out the gas bottles on Savska street which they apparently threatened to blow if the police doesn't back off from the church.
At 23:00 hours, Glogoški felt ill so he was transported to the nearby ambulance car while the tenters again clashed with the police on the church entrances.
After Milanović failed to form the new government in the aftermath of 2015 Croatian parliamentary elections, HDZ and MOST formed a new coalition and Tihomir Orešković became the new prime minister and Tomo Medved became the new veterans minister.
He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly between 1958 and 1965, and became the territory's first Leader of Government Business in 1963.
During World War II he sold Cook Islands handicrafts to American Service personnel based across the Pacific, before diversifying into copra and pearl shell.
Having become one of the wealthiest people in the Cook Islands, he donated money to Rarotonga Island Council to seal the main road, and provided a loan to the Co-operative Society to help them buy Manuae island.
In November 1963 the Executive Committee was replaced by a new cabinet, with Brown elected the first Leader of Government business, defeating Ngatupuna Matepi by a vote of 11–10.
By virtue of his position, Brown was expected to become the Cook Islands' first Premier when self-government was achieved in 1965.
Although the elections had been won by the Cook Islands Party (CIP), the CIP leader Albert Henry had been eligible for election due to the residency requirements in place at the time of the vote.
On 12 May 1965 the legislature voted to reduce the residency requirement to three months (providing the candidate had previously lived in the Cook Islands for at least a year).
Henry's sister Marguerite Story subsequently resigned from the Assembly to allow Henry to contest the by-election for Te-au-o-Tonga on 9 July.
Austria–Soviet Union relations were established in 1924, discontinued in 1938 following German annexation of Austria and renewed following Austrian independence after the Second World War.
Thomas Aujero Small (born April 29, 1959) is a Filipino-American politician currently serving on the City Council of Culver City, California.
His Mother, Elizabeth Aujero Small was born in Dueñas, Iloilo, Philippines, and was the first in her family to emigrate to the United States.
They met in 1946 in Manila, Philippines, where his mother worked at a restaurant that his father built and operated, called the California Drive-In.
He grew up in the San Francisco bay area, while spending summers in Iloilo, Philippines with his mother, brothers, and extended family.
He graduated from an alternative school, Ravenswood High School in East Palo Alto, CA, was captain of a state championship club soccer team, and competed nationally in the Decathlon.
He sang with the Yale Russian Chorus and toured the former USSR with them in 1977, then spending a gap year in Italy.
He later worked as a consultant and writer in architecture and urban planning, and worked on developments including Baku White City in Azerbaijan, the Mall of the Emirates in Dubai, and the modern facilities in Zhouzhuang, China, known as the Venice of the East.
As part of his service as a commissioner of the Cultural Affairs in Culver City, he assisted in creating Culver City's Artist ad Poet Laureate Program.
Out of a field of seven candidates, Small was elected to one of two open seats on the Culver City Council in 2016.
Leading up to the election, nearly 40 influential architects, designers and engineers from Culver City and across the Los Angeles region announced their support of Small's candidacy.
During his first two years in office, he initiated and led the Transit Oriented District Visioning process and plan As part of the 2016 Culver City Strategic Plan, he leads the Ballona Creek Revitalization Task Force.
In 2017, Small was appointed to the League of California Cities’ Housing, Community and Economic Development Policy Committee representing the League's Asian Pacific Islander Caucus.
Small was elected Mayor of the City of Culver unanimously by his colleagues on the City Council City on April 30, 2018.
He led the effort to win grants from the Mayor's Innovation Project, the Harvard Behavioral Insight Group, and the National Institute for Civil Discourse, for programs to enhance public outreach for neighborhood planning and alternative modes of transportation.
HBO is also building new headquarters adjacent to Culver City, and between these three multinational companies, Culver City is expecting up to 10,000 new employees over the next few years.
Revive Civility Cities is a nonpartisan program where the NICD works with and encourages communities to restore values of civility and respect for each other.
NICD worked with Culver City during 2018 and 2019 to help bring the City civil discourse strategies around the issue of growth and development in the Fox Hills neighborhood.
He served on the General Plan Update Subcommittee, and was instrumental in the composition of the Request for Proposals and the selection of the General Plan consultant team.
As Mayor, he hosted and gave a keynote address for the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Society for Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty with the RAND Corporation in Culver City.
As an extension of the Transit Oriented Development Visioning process, Mayor Small collaborated with RAND on a mobility implementation study in Culver City's Rancho Higuera neighborhood.
He is married to the independent communications consultant Joanna Brody, and they live with their two children in Culver City, CA.
They designed the home to host chamber music concerts, and have hosted groups including the Calder Quartet, Jacaranda Music, and Vox Femina Los Angeles.
Macu, The Policeman's Woman (Spanish: Macu, la mujer del policía) is a 1987 Venezuelan film directed by the Swedish-Venezuelan filmmaker Solveig Hoogesteijn.
It is a crime drama, and based on a real story; it is also identified as the popular Venezuelan genre known as 'common crime'.
It tells the story of a woman who must testify against her criminal policeman husband for murdering her lover, starring Daniel Alvarado, María Luisa Mosquera and Frank Hernández.
In analysis, the film has been related both to the story of Oedipus and to the Oedipus complex in Freudian theory.
The murder of three young men is announced, including Simón (Frank Hernández), who was the lover of Macu (María Luisa Mosquera).
The film is based on the story of the 'Monster of Mamera', police officer Argenis Rafael Ledezma; he was jailed for 30 years in 1980.
While there, she re-lives the three defining moments in her psychosexual development: seeing her mother orgasm during sex with Ismael; rejecting the fact of her symbolic castration by refusing to take toilet paper when offered by Ismael; and being raped by Ismael before being given to him as a child bride.
In this scene, Macu comes to terms with her past, and reinforces her relationship with her own children while shedding that she had with her mother.
Ernesto Vázquez Barreira (born November 5, 1953) is a former Spanish tennis player who a bronze medal at the 1979 Mediterranean Games.
Arthur Blok (ארתור בלוק; March 19, 1882 – October 14, 1974) was English, and the first administrative head (or Principal, as he was then called) of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, in Haifa, Israel (then, Mandatory Palestine), from 1924–1925.
John Valdivia (born July 19, 1975) is an American politician serving as the 29th and current mayor of San Bernardino, California.
A former member of the San Bernardino City Council, Valdivia served as the Councilman for the third ward from March 2012 to December 2018, and served as Mayor Pro-Tem for the City of San Bernardino from 2016 to 2017.
Mayor Valdivia holds many firsts as Mayor for the City of San Bernardino: he is the city’s first male latino Mayor, the first Mayor from the third ward, the youngest winner in 65 years of the primary in his bid for mayor, and the first mayor from below 210 Freeway an area which is known to be a socioeconomically disadvantaged area in San Bernardino.
His graduate studies include, a Masters of Divinity from Fuller Theological Seminary, and a Master of Business Administration from Azusa Pacific University.
Prior to his election as the Mayor of San Bernardino, John Valdivia was involved in various capacities within the pharmaceutical industry.
Through his work Valdivia gained experience in pharmacy benefit managers, prescription drug laws, prescription drug marketing, legislation, and public policy in the pharmaceutical industry.
In August 2012 the City of San Bernardino declared bankruptcy, during this time Valdivia had more roads paved, park lights and park benches installed, trees planted, and concrete sidewalks repaired.
The ward includes the Auto Center, the Inland Center Mall, Hospitality Lane business corridor, the restaurant row, and the entertainment corridor.
Through Valdivia’s efforts, he was able to assist in the opening of many new businesses and five major hotel chains (Garden Inn, Homewood Suites, Doubletree, and Hampton Inn and Suites).
This initiative helped raise the Transient Occupancy Tax from $2.2 million in 2012 to almost $5 million in 2018 by the end of Valdivia’s term as Councilman.
The transient occupancy tax is a crucial revenue source for the City's general fund as it pays for San Bernardino's police officers and firefighters.
Valdivia was instrumental in bringing JCPenny to the Inland Center Mall, this provided over 200 jobs and increased the city's sales tax revenue, JCPenny also completed $21 million in tenant improvements to the mall.
Valdivia served as the Chairman for the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Ad-hoc Committee, the Personnel Commission, and the Public Safety Committee.
Valdivia was on the board of the Budget Ad-Hoc Committee, and the Audit Ad-Hoc Committee, he advised in setting strict budgetary guidelines assisting the city through the bankruptcy process.
On July 6, 2017, with well over 150 supporters in attendance at the Inland Center Mall Valdivia announced his intention to run in the 2018 election for Mayor of San Bernardino against the incumbent R. Carey Davis.
In the June 5, 2018 primary election Valdivia finished first place with 36 percent (35.8%) of the vote; Davis was the runner up with 28 percent (27.8%).
As no candidate received a majority of the primary votes to be elected outright Valdivia and Davis advanced to the November 6 runoff election.
In July 2019, the City of San Bernardino released a request for qualifications for interested parties to develop the former Carousel Mall.
Valdivia has also pushed to reduce the red tape to encourage and expedite the process of establishing new businesses and homebuilding.
In Mayor Valdivia's first year he was able to bring a $25 million full service Hilton Hotel to San Bernardino's Hospitality Lane corridor, this project is proposed to generate more than $500,000 a year in transient occupancy tax alone, with an additional $250,000 annually from property and utility taxes.
Valdivia follows the Broken Windows Theory, he pushes for the reduction of blight and vandalism within the city to help further reduce the crime rate.
Valdivia is a proponent for reformation in city hall and accountability in city services, ensuring that potholes are filled, graffiti is removed, litter is picked up and various other issues within the city are resolved in a timely matter.
The City of San Bernardino had previously implemented a Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPPS) program in the 1990s, this program led to a sharp decline in homicides by the end of the century.
Valdivia championed the success of community-focused policing, in March 2019 the Mayor and City Council voted to reorganize the police department into a five-district policing structure, paving the way toward reopening police substations in the future.
John Valdivia is currently the President of the San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA), he was originally appointed on February 27th, 2019 and was re-appointed on October 23rd 2019 Valdivia’s focus as the president of SBIAA is to increase economic development in the area surrounding the airport resulting in more jobs and revenue for San Bernardino.
In November 2019 Valdivia was appointed to a newly created Prescription Drugs and Safety Committee as the Vice-Chair for the US Conference of Mayors due to his many years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry.
It is responsible for developing air combat tactics and training the RAAF's air warfare instructors, and forms part of the force's Tactics and Training Directorate.
88 Squadron is based at RAAF Base Williamtown; this allows it to be co-located with the headquarters of many of the RAAF's fighter and surveillance units.
Each air warfare instructor course runs for five months, and training is provided in six specialist domains involving the RAAF's combat and surveillance aircraft types.
In April 2018 the squadron was awarded the perpetual Markowski Cup for being the RAAF's most proficient support unit during 2017.
When Karata was in her second year of high school, she was scouted by an agency official at her workplace, where she had been a part-time employee at a farm theme park.
Waters & Robson was established in 1910 in Morpeth, Northumberland by Stephen Waters and Thomas Robson as a soft drinks manufacturer.
In the 1980s Thomas' grandson Tony Robson was now heading the company and decided to move into bottled water, and the current Abbey Well water brand was created.
As of 2008 the company had 91 employees, produced 30 million litres of water annually and had a turnover of £11 million.
Its Morpeth site is still used by Coca-Cola European Partners today for Abbey Well as well as for their Glaceau Smartwater product and Schweppes Soda Water.
In a career as a disc jockey and radio presenter spanning six decades Eghan hosted programmes for GBC (Ghana Broadcasting Corporation) and for the BBC World Service in London.
Born in Sekondi-Takoradi, Eghan was inspired by his father Ben Eghan's passion for radio to join the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) in 1961, after giving up a job with Barclays Bank that had been secured for him.
for some years in Photographs of Eghan taken during this time feature among the iconic work of veteran Ghanaian photographer James Barnor.
Leaving the BBC, he returned home to work with GBC, wanting to contribute to the development of Ghana and raise his children there.
The aim of this musical extravaganza was to bring Africans and African-American artistes together to jam on the African continent to retrace their historical roots.
Eghan subsequently took employment as a Treatment Manager with the Volta River Authority, then had another stint of work in the UK with the BBC.
The 2020 Vuelta a San Juan is a road cycling stage race that is taking place in the San Juan Province of Argentina between 26 January and 2 February 2020.
The race is rated as a 2.Pro event as part of the 2020 UCI America Tour and is the 38th edition of the Vuelta a San Juan.
Of these teams, six are UCI WorldTour teams, five are UCI Professional Continental teams, nine are UCI Continental teams, and seven are national teams.
While the six Argentinean teams (, Argentina, , , , and ) entered seven riders, the other 21 teams submitted six riders, resulting in a starting peloton of 168 riders.
Already in 1960 the independent Department of Journalism was established, after fifteen years it became three other departments - Department of Theory and History of Journalism, Department of Periodical Press and Agency News, Department of Radio and Television Journalism, and one Cabinet - Department of Theory and History of Journalism.
The Department therefore had four departments - Department of Theory and History of Journalism, Department of Journalism in Periodical and Agency News, Department of Journalism in Radio and Television and Department of Promotion.
In 1991, a one-day full-time bachelor study of promotion began working at the departments of journalism, and a year later a two-subject study of journalism in combination with another field of study.
The Department of Promotion was separated from the Department of Journalism in 1996 and since 2000 has been operating under the name Department of Marketing Communication.
Since 1992, the Department of Journalism has been a member of the European Journalism Training Association (EJTA), and the following year the Department began to cooperate with the Slovak Syndicate of Journalists in connection with the signing of an agreement between these institutions.
Based on the principles of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, two levels of study began in 2000 - the bachelor's (first) and master's (second) degree, ie a ten-semester credit master's degree in journalism.
Svetlana Hlavčáková, PhD., who has been the head of the Department of Journalism since September 2009, offers the department accredited bachelor and master degree studies, her students have the opportunity to complete the rigorous thesis and get a degree PhDr.
These discussions are usually held at the Syndicate of Journalists, allowing students to learn more about what to expect in the future.
If It's All the Same to You is a studio album by American country music artists Bill Anderson and Jan Howard.
In addition to scheduled flights, the airline offers charter cargo flights to many parts of the world, mostly to destinations in sub-Saharan Africa.
The House of the Dead (also known as Alien Zone) is a 1978 American anthology horror film directed by Sharron Miller, and the only feature film Miller has directed.
The film's ensemble cast includes John Ericson, Ivor Francis, Judith Novgrod, Burr DeBenning, Charles Aidman, Bernard Fox, and Richard Gates, along with Elizabeth MacRae, Linda Gibboney, Leslie Paxton, and John King.
It consists of four short stories built into a frame narrative about a man who takes refuge from a rainstorm in the residence of a mortician, with the four stories relating the fates of four corpses in the mortician's care.
He is invited indoors from the rain by a mortician, who tells Talmudge that he acquires and embalms the bodies of people who experienced interesting and unique deaths.
She is shown seemingly alone at home in her kitchen, where she turns on a radio and hears a mysterious noise coming from elsewhere.
She investigates the sound to no avail, and upon returning to the kitchen, notices that the radio has been turned off.
He convinces Julie, who is unaware that a camera is recording them, to remove her stockings so that he may perform a magic trick with them.
Finally, he is seen with Mrs. Lumquist, whom he stabs when she attempts to call a taxi to take her home.
The mortician says that Growski was executed for the murders a year later, and that the state did not allow photographs to be taken at his execution.
The third story concerns Detective Malcolm Toliver, said to be the best criminal investigator in the United States, and Inspector McDowal, the greatest in England.
While having dinner together, Toliver receives a unsigned note telling him that someone he knows will die in three days, and that he is the only person who can prevent it.
Eventually, Toliver invites McDowal to his home to reveal his conclusion—that he, himself, is the intended victim, and that McDowal is the killer.
McDowal shoots him, but Toliver, wearing a bulletproof vest, remarks that he solved the case two days prior, and activates a blade that impales McDowal.
After dismissing the plight of a homeless man, Cantwell enters an empty store, and is unable to open the doors that lead back outside.
Frightened, Talmudge runs away, and is cornered in an alley and shot by the husband of a woman whom Talmudge was intimate with.
Carter played alongside Luisa Stefani and successfully defended the title, defeating Marie Benoît and Jessika Ponchet in the final, 6–1, 6–3.
Abbey Well (also sometimes branded as Schweppes Abbey Well) is a brand of bottled water produced by Coca-Cola European Partners in the United Kingdom.
The name comes from a location near to the source of the water, a 12th century Cistercian Abbey, Newminster Abbey, one of the favourite places of the founder of the company, Thomas Robson.
As of 2008 the company had 91 employees, produced 30 million litres of water annually and had a turnover of £11 million.
The acquisition of Abbey Well marked Coca-Cola's third foray into the UK water market after its previous attempts using the Dasani and Malvern brands.
Coca-Cola was the official drink sponsor of 2012 Summer Olympics and they decided not to reintroduce its previous Dasani water brand which was still used in other countries to the UK market and used Abbey Well, branded under the Schweppes brand name (which Coca-Cola holds the UK rights to), to provide a locally sourced water brand for the event.
Waters & Robson's Morpeth site is still used by Coca-Cola European Partners today for Abbey Well as well as for their Glaceau Smartwater product and Schweppes Soda Water.
Nina Chaubal (born 1992) is the co-founder and Director of Operations at Trans Lifeline, the first transgender suicide hotline to exist in the United States and Canada.
In 2009, Chaubal immigrated alone to the United States on a student visa to attend college at the University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana.
Chaubal earned her H1B, a visa for foreign workers employed in the U.S. in order to work at Google as a software engineer, a position she accepted in January 2013.
The cause was close to the pair, as Chaubal had struggled with suicidal thoughts and Martela had been hospitalized for being suicidal.
In June of the same year, Chaubal was the subject of one of Miley Cyrus's Happy Hippie Presents #InstaPride Portraits Campaign.
On August 30, 2015, Chaubal was among the Happy Hippie Foundation representatives to speak onstage and introduce Miley Cyrus at the MTV Video Music Awards.
In 2018, Chaubal took a post at Hustle as a software engineer, then transitioned to work at Even.com in the same capacity, all the while heading up Trans Lifeline's operations.
On Dec. 28, 2016, while driving from California to her home in Chicago through a checkpoint in Wellton, Arizona, Chaubal was stopped and detained by ICE agents, who asked for her passport.
She produced a photo of it, which is when they saw that she was designated as male on it, contrasting with her gender expression in-person.
They also noted that she was in the country on an expired work visa, although she was legally married to a U.S. citizen, Martela.
She was then transported to a holding facility in Arizona, eventuating in her admission to Eloy Detention Center, which has a reputation for violence against LGBTQ+ detainees.
She was released Jan. 2, 2017 after posting $4,500 bond, which she was able to do with the help of an online crowdfunding campaign.
Jerry Shoemake (born April 1, 1943) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 16th district from 2004 to 2016.
It contains the complete show recorded on October 29, 1977 at Evans Field House at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois.
On the way home after the defeat of the bear, Nippon Takeson encountered this evil tower, but when he straddled the evil tower, he was exterminated with his proud sword.
Shigeru Mizuki is an evil god that appears in the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki, but such a description is not found in the original text, including the name of Evil, and the meaning of Evil is not certain.
A Republican, Reese has represented the Louisiana State Senate's 30th district, covering much of the state's western border with Texas, since 2020.
She was the daughter of the publisher Louis-Hippolyte Verboeckhoven and Rosalie-Françoise Pierard, and the granddaughter of the animal painter Eugène Verboeckhoven and great-granddaughter of the sculptor Barthélémy Verboeckhoven.
Other members were Berthe Art , Marie De Bièvre , Marguerite Dielman , M. Heyermans, Alice Ronner , Rosa Venneman and Emma Verwée .
A 2001 study by JACS of residents at a Jewish treatment center reported self-identification of 10% Orthodox, 28% Conservative, 32% Reform and 30% non-affiliated.
The game was designed by CSE Games, published by SportFX International and was named one of the Top 10 Best Card Games of 2006 by About.com.
Located in the village of Bécordel-Bécourt, a short distance due east of Albert, Norfolk Cemetery was started by the 1st Battalion of the Royal Norfolk Regiment in August 1915.
When the battalion left, other units that were stationed there continued to inter casualties in the cemetery up until August 1916.
Designed by Herbert Baker, the cemetery is sited on the C1 road to Becourt and is laid out substantially as a rectangle surrounded by a low brick wall.
Many of the soldiers buried in the cemetery were those of the 21st Division who were killed or died of wounds during the opening days of the Battle of the Somme.
A notable interment is Stewart Loudoun-Shand, a soldier in the British Army who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) for his actions on the opening day of the Battle of the Somme.
The ashes of another VC recipient, Brett Cloutman who died in 1971, are interred at the cemetery, in the grave of his brother, an officer of No.
The Algeria–Morocco border is 1,427 km (887 m) in length and runs from Mediterranean Sea in the north, to the tripoint with Western Sahara in the south.
The boundary starts in the north on the Mediterranean Sea just west of Marsa Ben M'Hidi; it then proceeds overland toward the south via a series of irregular lines, veering slightly to the southeast.
Near the Moroccan town of Figuig it veers sharply to the west, proceeding then in a broadly south-westerly direction via a series of straight and irregular lines.
Upon reaching the Draa River the border then follows this for some distance, before veering sharply to the south, whereupon a straight north-south line proceeds for 116 km (72 m) down to the Western Sahara tripoint.
France occupied much of the northern coastal areas of Algeria in the period 1830-47, which had hitherto been subject to the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire.
Morocco initially managed to maintain its independence throughout the 'Scramble for Africa' in the late 19th century, whereby European colonial control was established in the rest of Africa.
The border between it and the Ottoman domains to the east had been vague, and Morocco maintained a traditional, though often weekly enforced, claim to large areas of north-west Africa.
France sought to rectify this, and as a result a border which delimited from the Mediterranean south to Teniet el-Sassi via the Treaty of Lalla Marnia of 18 March 1845.
Protocols confirming this treaty were signed on 20 July 1901 and 20 April 1902, which also extended the frontier south to Figuig, though not in any great detail.
The thinly scarcely inhabited areas south of Figuig the border remained undemarcated, subject to vague and ill-defined administrative practices on the ground of uncertain legal standing.
In 1912, via the Treaty of Fez, France and Spain partitioned Morocco between them, with the northern littoral becoming Spanish Morocco (excluding Tangier, which later became an international zone) and the rest French Morocco (minus Ifni, which formed a Spanish exclave).
The uncertainty over much of the border alignment, and Morocco’s claims for a so-called 'Greater Morocco' encompassing much of north-west Africa, led to the Sand War of 1962-3.
Various agreements were signed in 1969-70 aiming to provide a peaceful resolution of the dispute, which resulted in the treaty of 15 June 1972 which demarcated for the first time the entire boundary.
However relations worsened when Spain announced its intention to pull out of Spanish Sahara (modern Western Sahara) in 1975, with Morocco then annexing the northern two-thirds, and later the whole, of the territory.
Relations thawed slightly with the advent of peace in Algeria in the early 2000s, though at present the border remains closed.
Crystal Elaine Marie Thomas (born 18 January 1994) is an American soccer player, who plays for the Washington Spirit in the National Women's Soccer League and Perth Glory in the W-league.
After a time in Europe she returned to Washington for the 2019 season where she scored three goals and won player of the week for week 20.
Amelia Mustone (July 16, 1928 – July 7, 2019) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut Senate from the 13th district from 1979 to 1995.
The Sainte-Anne Ouest River is a tributary of the Bras du Nord flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Blanc and Lac-Croche, as well as in the town of Saint-Raymond, in the MRC Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The Sainte-Anne Ouest river is mainly served by the forest road R0320 and the rang Saguenay road which passes on the east bank of the Neilson river and the Bras du Nord.
The surface of the Sainte-Anne Ouest river (except the rapids) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late December to early March.
From the mouth of Lake Annette, the Sainte-Anne Ouest river flows over generally southward entirely in the forest zone, with a drop of .
The Sainte-Anne Ouest river flows at the confluence of the Neilson River; this confluence becomes the source of the Bras du Nord.
From there, the current generally descends south following the course of the latter to the northwest bank of the Sainte-Anne River.
From this last confluence, the current descends on generally towards the south and the southwest by following the course of the Sainte-Anne river, until the northwest bank of St. Lawrence River.
Una Noche con Rubén Blades is an album by the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis and Rubén Blades.
The major parties both gained votes, with the Social Democratic Party gaining 8% more of the vote compared to 2015 and the Austrian People's Party coming second with 30.5% of the votes, 1.5% more than the last election.
Third-parties such as the Freedom Party and the regional LBL lost voters, with the List Burgenland losing its representation in the landtag.
The Social Democrats gained a majority of the seats, which reverses the trend of losses after the national election the prior year.
Under the leadership of Hans-Peter Doskozil, the party has shifted rightwards on issues such as immigration and security, likely in order to stave off the ÖVP, which rose nationally in the years prior.
The election continues the SPÖ streak of having held the governorship of Burgenland - the least populous state - since 1964.
The SPÖ was able to gain four seats, at the expense of the FPÖ and List Burgenland, and reached the threshold of having a legislative majority without the need for a coalition.
The 2020 Northern Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the Northern Ontario women's curling championship, is currently being held from January 29 – February 2 at the Don Shepherdson Memorial Arena in New Liskeard, Temiskaming Shores.
A Fishery cooperative, or fishing co-op, is a cooperative in which the people involved in the fishing industry pool resources, in their certain activities from farming, catching, distribution, and marketing of fish.
In Japan, surrounded by the seas on all sides, the modern fishery cooperatives have been set up in each fishing village and town after the Fisheries Cooperative Law enacted in 1948 , and are grouped at the national level by JF Zengyoren ( in Japanese) .
In Norway, from two fisheries associations that began in 1926/1928, six offshore fish cooperatives were formed in 1936, called Norges Sildesalgslag, through which seafood is sold .
In Russia, the Lenin Fishery Kolkhoz, a fishery cooperative, in Kamchatka, celebrates its 90th anniversary in 2019 since its establishment in 1929 and is thriving.
to Europe and North America, making sure they meet the seafood standards set by the United States Department of Commerce's National Marine Fisheries Service or the international Marine Stewardship Council .
In England, an attempt was made from late 2013 to establish a fishery cooperative called Catchbox for sustainable growth of the fishermen .
The 1933 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1933 college football season.
The university's website notes that 1933 team captain Robert Haphey had the team's mascot named in his honor during the prior season.
Haphey served in the United States Army from 1934 to 1960, retiring as a lieutenant colonel with service in World War II and the Korean War—he died in November 1989 at age 81.
The race is planned to be held four weeks after the Pegasus World Cup and four weeks before the Dubai World Cup, making it possible for horses in those races to compete.
Bernard IV (died after 1162) was the lord of Anduze from 1128 and the husband of Ermengard, viscountess of Narbonne, from 1142 or 1143.
Bernard, a widower with children, was probably about forty years of age when he married Ermengard in late 1142 or early 1143.
It was a marriage of convenience arranged by a Narbonnese faction and an alliance of the regional nobility acting against the dominance of Duke Alfonso Jordan and his faction in the city.
On 21 October 1142, Ermengard had signed a marriage contract with Alfonso, who was the overlord of the viscounty of Narbonne and in control of the town during Ermengard's youth.
The text of just one such oath has survived, that of Bernard of Porta Regia, but it refers to several others, now lost.
He does not appear in Narbonnese affairs again, and it is probable that the marriage was arranged solely to render Ermengard ineligible for future marriage.
Nina Griscom (born Nina Louise Renshaw, May 8, 1954 – January 25, 2020) was an American model, television host and columnist.
Griscom's father was journalist Charles C. Renshaw Jr., and her mother was Elizabeth Fly Vagliano, later the wife of Felix Rohatyn, who was known for her support of educational and cultural institutions.
Griscom's work on TV included being co-host of an entertainment news program on HBO (1990-1993) and a restaurant-review series on the Food Network.
Griscom was married to, and divorced from, Lloyd P. Griscom Jr. and Dr. Daniel C. Baker (with whom she had a daughter).
She was a member of the board of the New York City Ballet and of the Advisory Committee of Africa Foundation (USA).
The Bras du Nord is a tributary of the Sainte-Anne River flowing in the town of Saint-Raymond, in the MRC of Portneuf, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The Bras du Nord is mainly served by the rang Saguenay road which runs on the east bank of the river.
The surface of the North Arm (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Bras du Nord flows onto the northwest bank of the Sainte-Anne River at downstream from the route 365 which passes through downtown Saint-Raymond.
From this confluence, the current descends on generally towards the south and the southwest by following the course of the Sainte-Anne river, until the northwest bank of the St. Lawrence River.
This toponym appears on the plan of a part of the seigneury of Bourg-Louis carried out by the surveyor Ignace-Pierre Déry, in 1851.
As a child, he worked as a laborer.</ref> The local count Fedele Norcen took an interest in his education, and he entered the school of design directed by Agostino Occofer.
By age 19, he had won an architecture prize from the Academy of Fine Arts of Venice, and enrolled the next year.
In 1826, he left the academy and participated in various architectural projects in Feltre, Malamocco, and Venice, including a chapel for the Canon Bartolomeo Villabruna and restorations for the Duomo of Oderzo.
Among his further projects were the church of Santa Maria Nascente in Agordo; the town hall and Palazzo Cappellari in Belluno; a tempietto in Mel; the theater of Serravalle; the church of San Lucano in Villapiccola; and an oratory in Busta.
In 1855, he completed the stucco decorations for the church of Santi Pietro e Paolo in the neighborhood of Levada in Piombino Dese.
He worked in the reconstruction of the apse of the Cathedral of Belluno, which had collapsed during the earthquake of 1873.
It ceased to exist on 11 October 1912, when along with the nearby Municipality of Day Dawn, it merged into the surrounding Cue Road District, which was in turn renamed the Cue-Day Dawn Road District.
Tomás Manga Angono (born 19 November 1998), sportingly known as Muller, is an Equatoguinean futsal player who plays as a winger for Leones Vegetarianos FC and the Equatorial Guinea national futsal team.
Muller played for Equatorial Guinea at the 2016 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations qualification and was named for the 2020 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations.
The Rondeau River is a tributary of the Jacquot River flowing in the municipality of Saint-Léonard-de-Portneuf, in the MRC Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The upper part of the river is mainly served by the route 367 (chemin du rang Saint-Paul), by the chemin du rang Saint-Antoine and the route de la Traverse du 5e Rang.
The surface of the Rondeau River (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The southeast shore of this lake has a resort vocation, located in a forest area in the northwest part of the municipality of Saint-Léonard-de-Portneuf.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of Lac du Canard (coming from the southwest) and the outlet of Lac Vert (coming from the northwest).
From its mouth, the Rondeau river flows over generally towards the south, following the course of the Jacquot River which flows on the northwest bank of the Sainte-Anne River at downstream from the Cascades bridge.
From there, the current descends on generally south and southwest following the course of the Sainte-Anne River, until on the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River.
The Governor (German: Der Gouverneur) is a 1939 German drama film directed by Viktor Tourjansky and starring Brigitte Horney, Willy Birgel and Hannelore Schroth.
John Edward Altobelli (May 8, 1963 – January 26, 2020) was an American college baseball coach who worked for 27 seasons at Orange Coast College in Costa Mesa, California.
During his career, he led the Pirates to four California state junior college titles and in 2019 was named National Coach of the Year by the American Baseball Coaches Association.
Altobelli and eight other people, including his wife, daughter, and former NBA professional basketball player Kobe Bryant, died in a helicopter crash in Calabasas, California, on January 26, 2020.
He transferred to the University of Houston, and finished his college baseball career with the Houston Cougars from 1984 to 1985.
As a senior in 1985, Altobelli had a single-season record 57 walks and led the team in runs scored (68) and stolen bases (13).
After his senior season, Altobelli played briefly in the 1985 season for the Miami Marlins of the Florida State League, which at that time was an independent full-season Class A team.
For three summer seasons between 2012 and 2014, Altobelli served as head coach for the Brewster Whitecaps in the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Among his players were Aaron Judge of the New York Yankees, Jeff McNeil of the New York Mets, and Ryon Healy of the Milwaukee Brewers.
J.J. is a Boston Red Sox scout who played collegiate ball for the University of Oregon Ducks before joining the Johnson City Cardinals.
All nine on board were killed, including Altobelli's wife Keri; the Altobelli's 13-year-old daughter Alyssa; Kobe Bryant; Bryant's 13-year-old daughter Gianna; Sarah Chester; Chester's 13-year-old daughter Payton; Mamba Sports Academy assistant coach Christina Mauser; and helicopter pilot Ara Zobayan.
Bernardino Correia, a Portuguese owner of several service stations, is kidnapped by three individuals who are sent by Orozco, an ambitious and ruthless Colombian boss.
Criminal investigator Óscar Pérez approached director Óscar Rivas about creating a movie to improve values among those in Venezuela's law enforcement agencies.
The surface of the American river (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
From there, the current descends on generally south and southwest following the course of the Sainte-Anne river, until on the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River.
He represented Iran at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 67.5 kg event in 2008 and the gold medal in the men's 75 kg event in 2012.
The song remains one of the group's most successful songs, peaking at number 13 in Denmark, number 19 in Finland, number 21 in Germany, number 26 in Austria and number 30 in Switzerland.
The Morocco–Western Sahara border is 444 km (276 m) in length and runs from Atlantic Ocean in the west, to the tripoint with Algeria in the east.
The border starts in the west at the Atlantic coast and consists of a single horizontal line, terminating in the east at the Algerian tripoint.
The border emerged during the 'Scramble for Africa', a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this process, Spain announced its intention to declare a protectorate over the north-west African coast between Cape Bojador and Ras Nouadhibou (Cape Blanco/Cap Blanc), which was formally created as the Rio de Oro colony the following year.
On 27 June 1900 France and Spain signed a treaty which created a border between Rio de Oro and French West Africa starting at Ras Nouadhibou and terminating at the junction of the 12th meridian west and the 26th parallel north (i.e.
This boundary was then extended by a treaty of 3 October 1904 north up to what is now the tripoint with Algeria and then west along the parallel of 27°40'N, this latter line forming the modern Morocco-Western Sahara boundary; the new Spanish territory thus formed was named Saguia el-Hamra.
Another Franco-Spanish treaty was signed on 27 November 1912 which created a French protectorate over most of Morocco, whilst ceding parts of the country to Spain viz.
the Mediterranean littoral (the 'Northern Zone', or more commonly Spanish Morocco), the exclave of Ifni and the Cape Juby/Tarfaya Strip (aka the 'Southern Zone'), the latter forming what is now the far south of Morocco proper, between the Draa River and the Saguia el-Hamra border at 27°40'N agreed upon in 1904.
From 1946-58 Spanish Morocco, the Tarfaya Strip, Ifni, Rio de Oro and Saguia el Hamra were united as Spanish West Africa.
Morocco gained independence from France in 1956, including Spanish Morocco (minus the plazas de soberanía which remain part of Spain today).
The newly independent state, inspired by the idea of creating a 'Greater Morocco', claimed all of Spanish West Africa as Moroccan land.
In 1958 Spain merged Rio de Oro and Saguia el-Hamara in 1958 as Spanish Sahara; that same year Spain ceded the Tarfaya Strip to Morocco (via the Treaty of Angra de Cintra), thereby re-instating the 1904 border.
Morocco then turned its sights to Spanish Sahara, however Mauritania (independent since 1960) also contested the territory, claiming the former colony of Rio de Oro as part of 'Greater Mauritania'.
Saharawi nationalists had meanwhile formed the Polisario, seeking independence for the whole of Spanish Sahara as Western Sahara, and began a low-level guerrilla campaign.
An International Court of Justice ruling on the matter in October 1975 stated that neither the Moroccan nor Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara were strong enough to justify annexation, and that the Saharawi people should be allowed to determine their own future.
Morocco thereafter sought to settle the matter military, and in November 1975 conducted the 'Green March', in which thousands of soldiers and Moroccan nationalists forcibly crossed the Morocco-Spanish Sahara border.
Spain’s dictator Francisco Franco was at this time near-death, and the country was unwilling to respond militarily at such a delicate time, keen to avoid the kind of drawn-out colonial war that had bedevilled Portugal in its African colonies.
Polisario forces declared a Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic based on the boundaries of Spanish Sahara, thus starting a long war against Morocco and Mauritania.
In the 1980s, in an effort to control the territory and stymie the Polisario, Morocco began building a number of elaborate walls (or 'berms'), eventually completing the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall in 1987.
Morocco and Polisario signed a ceasefire agreement in 1991 ending the war; Morocco retained control of areas west of the wall (roughly 80% of Western Sahara), with Polisario controlling those east.
Emiliano Franco Terzaghi (born 29 November 1989) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for USL League One club Richmond Kickers.
Terzaghi played in his native Argentina from 2011, with spells at clubs including; Banfield, Temperley, Boca Unidos and Defensores de Belgrano.
It is based on the 2010 Australian film of the same name by David Michôd, who is executive producer for the series.
The series features a 17-year-old boy, who, after the death of his mother, moves in with his estranged relatives, the Codys, a criminal family clan governed by matriarch Smurf.
The 1983 Union 76 Pacific Southwest Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States.
It was the 55th edition of the Pacific Southwest tournament and was scheduled to be held from April 11 through April 17, 1983 but due to rain the final was postponed until Monday, April 18.
The group is named after the Uprisings of March 23, 1965, which broke out the day after a violently repressed peaceful student protest.
Many young people could not forgive the state for the killings, particularly with the absence of any investigation or questioning, as well as with the permanence of those responsible in their respective positions.
Among these was General Mohamed Oufkir, the second most powerful figure in the country behind King Hassan II, who on March 23, 1965 allegedly fired on the crowds from a helicopter.
In this context, there was serious thought given to starting an organization that adopted violence and radical change as means to achieve political goals, distant from political parties that were restricted by the law.
This was influenced by the Arab defeat against Israel in the war of 1967, as well as the spread of communist thought among Moroccan youth.
This gave way to the establishment of groups of politically-engaged youth, such as the National Union of Moroccan Students, the Moroccan Communist Party, and the Moroccan Workers' Union.
Additionally, from within the National Union of Popular Forces, a nucleus that would have a major role in forming the March 23 Movement was formed, including Ahmed Herzni, al-Barduzi, Buabid Hamama, Sion Assidon, and Mohamed Lahbib Taleb.
It believed that a revolution—led by a party representing the interests of the proletariat, in order to shift power into the hands of the people—was necessary, particularly as conditions were prime for a revolution.
The organization sought to implement its vision through a 3-step process: first, spreading revolutionary ideas among the general public; second, establishing a popular revolutionary party; third, mobilizing the Moroccan people to seize power.
Although violence was an essential element of the group's creed, it remained limited to speeches as security forces clamped down on the group.
The revolutionary group decided to move toward work within a legal framework, creating the Organization of Popular Democratic Action in 1983.
She represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won three medals: the gold medal in the women's 100 metre butterfly S9 event, the bronze medal in the women's 400 metre freestyle S9 event and the bronze medal in the women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay 34pts event.
The 1970–71 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
Domingo Manami Bomari (born 22 May 1995) is an Equatoguinean futsal player who plays as a winger for Leones Vegetarianos FC and the Equatorial Guinea national futsal team.
Manami played for Equatorial Guinea at the 2016 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations qualification and was named for the 2020 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations.
Saint Nicolas Tower (1384) along with the Lantern tower and the Chain tower, is one of the three medieval towers guarding the port in La Rochelle, France.
The Saint Nicolas Tower was named after the patron saint of sailors, This tower along with the The Chain Tower (La tour de la Chaîne) stood at the entryway to the Port of La Rochelle.
One Day Wonder is an album by the Terraza Big Band, a jazz ensemble led by saxophonist Michael Thomas and bassist Edward Perez.
The Rivière Jacquot is a tributary of the Sainte-Anne River flowing in the municipalities of Saint-Léonard-de-Portneuf and Sainte-Christine-d'Auvergne, in the MRC Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The upper part of the river is mainly served by the route 367 (chemin du rang Saint-Paul), by the chemin du rang Saint-Jacques and the chemin du rang Saint-Georges.
The surface of the Jacquot River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The north shore of this lake has a resort vocation, located in a forest area in the northwestern part of the municipality of Saint-Léonard-de-Portneuf.
After having cut the chemin du rang Saint-Georges, the Jacquot river flows on the northwest bank of the Sainte-Anne River at downstream from the Cascades bridge.
From there, the current descends on generally south and southwest following the course of the Sainte-Anne river, to the northwest bank of the St. Lawrence river.
A year after Yale played the first intercollegiate game against Johns Hopkins, Columbia organized their own team and found that it had sufficient interest to support two full teams.
The team played two practice games in December in order to get their feet wet and help the novice players learn the game.
In 2016, Jacobi created the 'Our Memories Matter' campaign and in 2019, Jacobi helped co-create the #MyLastShot Project alongside Columbine High School Students which garnered international attention and was shared by gun violence prevention advocates like David Hogg .
She represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 100 metre backstroke S11 event.
The Mauritania–Western Sahara border is 1,564 km (972 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Algeria in the north-east to the Atlantic Ocean in the south-west.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Algeria, proceeding south in a straight of 146 km (90 m), then turning west following the 26th parallel north for 334 km (207 m), then turning south along the 12th meridian west for 176 km (283 m).
The border then turns to the south-west via a broad arc down to 21°20'N, following this parallel westwards for 408 km (253 m).
Just south of Guerguerat the border turns south, bisecting the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula and terminating at its tip on the Atlantic Coast.
The border emerged during the 'Scramble for Africa', a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this process, Spain announced its intention to declare a protectorate over the north-west African coast between Cape Bojador and Ras Nouadhibou (Cape Blanco/Cap Blanc), which was formally created as the Rio de Oro colony the following year.
France had been granted control over much of West Africa, including what is now Mauritania, with their territories later federalised as French West Africa.
On 27 June 1900 France and Spain signed a treaty which created a border between Rio de Oro and French West Africa starting at Ras Nouadhibou and terminating at the junction of the 12th meridian west and the 26th parallel north (i.e.
This boundary was then extended by a treaty of 3 October 1904 north up to what is now the tripoint with Algeria and then west along the parallel of 27°40'N, this latter line forming the modern Morocco–Western Sahara border; the new Spanish territory thus formed was named Saguia el-Hamra.
Another Franco-Spanish treaty was signed on 27 November 1912 which created a French protectorate over most of Morocco, whilst ceding parts of the country to Spain viz.
the Mediterranean littoral (the 'Northern Zone', or more commonly Spanish Morocco), the exclave of Ifni and the Cape Juby/Tarfaya Strip (aka the 'Southern Zone'), the latter forming what is now the far south of Morocco proper, between the Draa River and the Saguia el-Hamra border at 27°40'N agreed upon in 1904.
The entire French West Africa-Saguia el Hamara/Rio de Oro boundary was confirmed by treaty on 19 December 1956, with France and Spain then demarcating it on the ground in 1957 with several pillars.
From 1946-58 Spanish Morocco, the Tarfaya Strip, Ifni, Rio de Oro and Saguia el Hamra were united as Spanish West Africa.
Morocco gained independence from France in 1956, including Spanish Morocco (minus the plazas de soberanía which remain part of Spain today).
The newly independent state, inspired by the idea of creating a 'Greater Morocco', claimed all of Spanish West Africa as Moroccan land.
In 1958 Spain merged Rio de Oro and Saguia el-Hamara in 1958 as Spanish Sahara; that same year Spain ceded the Tarfaya Strip to Morocco (via the Treaty of Angra de Cintra).
Morocco then turned its sights to Spanish Sahara, however Mauritania (independent since 1960) also contested the territory, claiming the former colony of Rio de Oro as part of 'Greater Mauritania'.
A railway was built in 1960-63 which paralleled the southern half of the boundary, including an expensive tunnel through an escapement north-west of Choum constructed so as to order to avoid the right-angle of the south-eastern Spanish Sahara.
Saharawi nationalists had meanwhile formed the Polisario, seeking independence for the whole of Spanish Sahara as Western Sahara, and began a low-level guerrilla campaign.
An International Court of Justice ruling on the matter in October 1975 stated that neither the Moroccan nor Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara were strong enough to justify annexation, and that the Saharawi people should be allowed to determine their own future.
Morocco thereafter sought to settle the matter military, and in November 1975 conducted the 'Green March', in which thousands of soldiers and Moroccan nationalists forcibly crossed the Morocco-Spanish Sahara border.
Spain’s dictator Francisco Franco was at this time near-death, and the country was unwilling to respond militarily at such a delicate time, keen to avoid the kind of drawn-out colonial war that had bedevilled Portugal in its African colonies.
Polisario forces declared a Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic based on the boundaries of Spanish Sahara, thus starting a long war against Morocco and Mauritania.
Unwilling to continue the conflict, Mauritania pulled out of their zone in 1979, which was then annexed by Morocco, thereby reinstating the former Mauritania-Western Sahara frontier.
In the 1980s, in an effort to control the territory and stymie the Polisario, Morocco began building a number of elaborate walls (or 'berms'), eventually completing the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall in 1987.
In the south the wall parallels the southern straight line section of the border out to the sea, effectively abandoning the Western Saharan half of the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula; at present Mauritania retains a military presence in the area.
Morocco and Polisario signed a ceasefire agreement in 1991 ending the war; Morocco retained control of areas west of the wall (roughly 80% of Western Sahara), with Polisario controlling those east, which includes the entirety of the Mauritania-Western Sahara boundary.
She is a graduate of their pathway program and had a breakout season with the Canberra United Academy in 2019, after which she was signed by the senior team for the 2019–20 W-League season.
She made her debut, coming off the bench in Canberra's 3-2 win over Newcastle Jets FC in round 3 of the 2019-20 season, and scored her first goal in a 2-1 victory over Adelaide United in round 6.
She represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 50 metre backstroke S3 event.
Peter Salama (1968 – 23 January 2020) was an Australian epidemiologist who worked for UNICEF (2002–16) and the World Health Organization (2016–19).
His early career included positions at Tufts University and at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from which he was seconded to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees after the September 11 attacks.
In 2002, Salama started to work for UNICEF as Chief of Health and Nutrition in Afghanistan (2002–04), where he was credited by the former public health minister, Suraya Dalil, as facilitating the establishment of a fair system of health care in the country.
He then served as the agency's Chief of Global Health and Principal Advisor on HIV/AIDS, New York (2004–09) and Ethiopia and Zimbabwe representative (2009–15).
In 2016, he joined the World Health Organization (WHO) in a newly created position as head of their Health Emergencies Programme.
He led the agency's work during the end of the West African Ebola epidemic, and the subsequent Ebola outbreak in Équateur province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the epidemic centred on Kivu province.
His published research was in the areas of HIV, infectious diseases for which there are vaccines, nutrition, mother and child health, and health issues relating to war, refugees and emergencies.
In 1948 the Niagara Falls Power Company sold the railroad to its connecting companies: the New York Central, the Erie, and the Lehigh Valley.
After a series of mergers in the 1960s, the Niagara Junction was finally dissolved as an independent company in 1976 when the Consolidated Rail Corporation was formed to take over operations of bankrupt railroads in the Northeast.
After over a year of storage, three electric locomotives were overhauled in December 1980 and transferred to Grand Central Terminal in New York City.
Just after 9:30 am on Wednesday , a tank car exploded while being switched at the Niagara Junction's yard on Porter Road.
The paper has over 67,000 Google Scholar citations and according to Google Scholar is the most cited academic paper published in 2006.
The 1971–72 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
In 18 November 2019, Fuentes scored his first goal for Nicaragua in a 1-2 defeat against Suriname in the CONCACAF Nations League.
The Chain Tower (1384) (French:La tour de la Chaîne) along with the Lantern tower and the Saint Nicolas Tower, is one of the three medieval towers guarding the port in La Rochelle, France.
The way this tower got it's name: at times throughout history a chain was stretched between the two buildings to stop ships from entering.
Warner Bros. Pictures Group, also known as Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc., (also known alternatively as Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.) is an American film studio owned by Warner Bros. Entertainment and headquartered in Burbank, California, and a division of AT&T's WarnerMedia.
Founded in 1923 by Harry Warner, Albert Warner, Sam Warner, and Jack L. Warner, It handles filmmaking operations, theatrical distribution, marketing and promotion for films produced and released by Warner Bros., including Warner Bros.
She represented Hungary at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's 100 metre butterfly S9 event.
It was established on 22 July 1896, separating the townsite from the surrounding Nannine Road District, following a petition from the Nannine Progress Committee.
The first election was held on 23 September 1896, with J. H. F. Masterson becoming the inaugural chairman of the council.
The council initially met in the Nannine Courthouse; an office for the town clerk in the town's Miners' Institute building was acquired in late 1897.
It ceased to exist on 2 April 1913, when it merged into a revived Nannine Road District (the original road district having been abolished in 1909).
The Syracuse Orange women represented Syracuse University in CHA women's ice hockey during the 2018-19 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
Captain Allie Munroe participated on Hockey Canada's National Women's Development Team Selection Camp and the Hockey Canada's National Women's Team Fall Festival.
After his success he started the channel Pullingo Media to publish his and friends' songs, which have had millions of views on YouTube.
The team was to first of the twelve CDL teams to reveal its branding, announced on October 15, 2019 as the London Royal Ravens.
It shows a man driving on a road until his GPS starts telling him to drive off of the road and into an abandoned forest.
It shortly goes back to normal broadcasting, but then goes back to another message that claims it was lifted and directs the viewer to go outside.
It then keeps on confusingly changing between whether the viewer should go outside and look at the moon or stay inside.
He finds his dead wife or girlfriend's grave, and decided to look inside and sees a horribly looking skeleton and runs away.
In Skywatching, a man is taking a video of a star while names of asterisms are being placed on the screen.
Kris makes the videos look like decaying film and makes the Doppler effect in the sounds and music used in the videos.
The Algeria–Western Sahara border is 41 km (26 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Morocco in the north to the tripoint with Mauritania in the south.
France occupied much of the northern coastal areas of Algeria in the period 1830-47, which had hitherto been subject to the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire.
The border emerged during the 'Scramble for Africa', a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this process, Spain announced its intention to declare a protectorate over the north-west African coast between Cape Bojador and Ras Nouadhibou (Cape Blanco/Cap Blanc), which was formally created as the Rio de Oro colony the following year.
On 27 June 1900 France and Spain signed a treaty which created a border between Rio de Oro and French West Africa starting at Ras Nouadhibou and terminating at the junction of the 12th meridian west and the 26th parallel north (i.e.
This boundary was then extended by a treaty of 3 October 1904 north up to what is now the tripoint with Algeria and then west along the parallel of 27°40'N, this latter line forming the modern Morocco–Western Sahara border; the new Spanish territory thus formed was named Saguia el-Hamra.
Algeria’s modern borders with Mauritania, Mali and Niger) was agreed on 7 June 1905 by the Commandant of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Military Commander of the Department de l'Oasis within French Algeria, thus formally creating a short Algerian frontier with Spanish Saguia el-Hamra.
Another Franco-Spanish treaty was signed on 27 November 1912 which created a French protectorate over most of Morocco, whilst ceding parts of the country to Spain viz.
the Mediterranean littoral (the 'Northern Zone', or more commonly Spanish Morocco), the exclave of Ifni and the Cape Juby/Tarfaya Strip (aka the 'Southern Zone'), the latter forming what is now the far south of Morocco proper, between the Draa River and the Saguia el-Hamra border at 27°40'N agreed upon in 1904.
The entire French West Africa/French Algeria-Saguia el Hamara/Rio de Oro boundary was confirmed by treaty on 19 December 1956, with France and Spain then demarcating it on the ground in 1957 with several pillars.
From 1946-58 Spanish Morocco, the Tarfaya Strip, Ifni, Rio de Oro and Saguia el Hamra were united as Spanish West Africa.
Morocco gained independence from France in 1956 and, inspired by the idea of creating a 'Greater Morocco', claimed all of Spanish West Africa as Moroccan land.
Morocco turned its sights to Spanish Sahara, however Mauritania (independent since 1960) also contested the territory, claiming the former colony of Rio de Oro as part of 'Greater Mauritania'.
Saharawi nationalists had meanwhile formed the Polisario, seeking independence for the whole of Spanish Sahara as Western Sahara, and began a low-level guerrilla campaign.
An International Court of Justice ruling on the matter in October 1975 stated that neither the Moroccan nor Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara were strong enough to justify annexation, and that the Saharawi people should be allowed to determine their own future.
Morocco thereafter sought to settle the matter military, and in November 1975 conducted the 'Green March', in which thousands of soldiers and Moroccan nationalists forcibly crossed the Morocco-Spanish Sahara border.
Spain’s dictator Francisco Franco was at this time near-death, and the country was unwilling to respond militarily at such a delicate time, keen to avoid the kind of drawn-out colonial war that had bedevilled Portugal in its African colonies.
Morocco thereafter the absorbed their section into Morocco and the Algeria-Western Sahara border effectively became a continuation of the Algeria–Morocco border.
Polisario forces declared a Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic based on the boundaries of Spanish Sahara, thus starting a long war against Morocco and Mauritania.
Algeria opposed the annexation and provided shelter for the Polisario Saharawi nationalist militia and Saharawi refugees on its territory, most notably around the town of Tindouf.
In the 1980s, in an effort to control the territory and stymie the Polisario, Morocco began building a number of elaborate walls (or 'berms'), eventually completing the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall in 1987.
Morocco and Polisario signed a ceasefire agreement in 1991 ending the war; Morocco retained control of areas west of the wall (roughly 80% of Western Sahara), with Polisario controlling those east, including the border with Algeria.
Veronica Swanson Beard is an American entrepreneur and fashion designer who co-founded Veronica Beard, a contemporary fashion company, with her sister-in law Veronica Miele Beard.
The brand Veronica Beard is backed by retail executive Andrew Rosen among a private group of investors, and the brand may be raising more investor funding in 2020.
She is an heir to the Swansons frozen foods empire, and her parents were introduced to each other by fashion designer Lili Pulitzer.
Swanson Beard holds a Bachelor of Arts in Art History from Tulane University in New Orleans and studied at Parsons School of Design before dropping out to work in the fashion industry full time.
He was a former sports news presenter on Prime7 Newcastle and is currently the morning presenter on 88.9 FM Tamworth, as well as hosting the American Country Music Countdown.
Ray McCoy has worked at 2LF Cowra, 2NM Muswellbrook, 2TM Tamworth, 2MO Gunnedah, 2KA Penrith, Festival FM Tamworth, 2HH Newcastle, KIX Country and current station 88.9 FM Tamworth.
The second IFMAR - was held in Great Britain in Romsey which is near Southampton on the Central South Coast of England.
The event 4WD was the first World Championship won by who was loaned a Schumacher Cat XL by the British car manufacturer after noticing his performance during practice.
Malvastrum coromandelianum, also known as threelobe false mallow, is an annual or perennial herb or shrub native to North and South America.
He was appointed to the Supreme Court of Ghana by John Kufuor in his capacity as the President of Ghana in March 2006.
He appeared in numerous French and German films during his career, initially often as a leading player during the silent era and later in supporting roles.
The 1972–73 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
The January 5, 2020 Pennsylvania Turnpike crash occurred in Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in icy conditions at about 3:40 am.
It was sparked by a 52-passenger tour bus traveling downhill which struck an embankment and flipped on its side, causing a chain reaction crash of two UPS trucks, a FedEx truck, and at least one other vehicle.
Five people were killed, at least 60 people were injured, and an 86-mile stretch of the Pennsylvania Turnpike was shut down in both directions as the crash was being investigated.
The tour bus was owned by Z&D Tour, en route from Rockaway, New Jersey to Cincinnati, Ohio, and carrying several foreign tourists.
Both the eastbound and westbound lanes of the turnpike were completely shut down between Breezewood and New Stanton for over 12 hours.
UPS issued a statement saying Kehler was a 28-year employee and Kepner was a 5-year employee of the company, and said they were riding together in a truck from the company's Harrisburg facility.
The facade of the building was designed in the tradition of Stalinist architecture and decorated with bas-reliefs, and marble stairs with carved parapets were equipped inside.
In 1969, an additional building was built next to the first building, made in a style close to the traditions of constructivism.
The total area of ​​the two department store buildings was 10,128 m2, and the area of ​​the utility rooms was 5,830 m2.
In addition to the trading sections, the services of customers included: a dining room, a cafeteria, an atelier for clothing fitting and a hairdresser.
Since 1980, trade and technological processes have been changed, most of the sections of the Central Department Store began to work on the principle of self-service.
The number of department store employees in the 1980's reached 1,600 people when TsUM sports teams and amateur art groups functioned.
In the mid-2000s, on the first floor of the second department store building, there was a mobile flea market selling cell phones and their accessories.
During its course, the external and internal appearance of the second building was radically changed, the previously glazed facade from the 2nd to 4th floor was replaced by deaf colored plastic panels, on which places for placing advertising banners were arranged.
Additional windows and entrances were arranged in the building, the rooms were divided into several separate ones, to which a separate entrance leads from the outside.
On November 5, 2002, Eberle won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 5, seat B. Enerle defeated Lyndon Harriman and Don Pischner with 53.7% of the votes.
She was also the last governor of Sogn og Fjordane because on 1 January 2019, she was replaced by the new County Governor of Vestland.
Since she resigned in the fall of 2018, her assistant governor, Gunnar O. Hæreid was the acting governor until the end of the year.
Starting in the fall of 2018, Hamre took a job in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development leading a department on regional development.
Jan was most likely born in 1388 to Jan Ješek Ptáček of Pirkštein, given that the sources declare that he came of age in 1406.
She demonstrates the game by describing the well-heeled attendees of an imagined party, the majority of whom are denoted by letters.
The essay has been referenced by contemporary media outlets in coverage the 2016 United States presidential election and the Unite the Right rally, as well in commentary on the alt-right and other far-right movements more broadly.
The 1973–74 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
His primary education was at the Evangelical Presbyterian Church Primary School at Taviefe in the Volta Region of the then Gold Coast, now Ghana between 1952 and 1957.
His secondary education was at the Peki Secondary School also in the Volta region where he passed the GCE Ordinary Level examinations in 1965.
He worked as a private legal practitioner for twenty-seven years before being appointed a Supreme Court Judge by the President of Ghana on 26 July 2000.
He was one of the judges that sata on the case brought by Tsatsu Tsikata challneging the constitutionality of the Fast Track Courts set up by the Kufuor government which was trying him for causing financial loss to the state.
In April 2006, Theodore Adzoe's wife, Mrs Joana Abla Adzoe filed a case at the Supreme Court against the Chief Justice of Ghana and the Attorney General of Ghana as a citizen of Ghana, asking that the court declare that the Judicial Council of Ghana acted against the provisions of the 1992 Ghanaian Constitution in dismissing her husband on medical rounds.
On the night of 1-2 October 2012, a group of armed men attacked a student residence of Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, eastern Nigeria, killing at least 25 men.
He represented Russia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 100 kg event.
William Selman was an English politician who was MP for Plympton Erle in 1420, May 1421, December 1421, 1425, and 1429.
Clyde L. Vermilyea (born February 19, 1937) was a major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of 4th Marine Aircraft Wing and Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point.
Evander Holyfield vs. Rickey Parkey was a professional boxing match contested on February 14, 1987 for the WBA and IBF cruiserweight title.
After defeating his friend and former Olympic teammate Henry Tillman in his first successful title defense of his WBA cruiserweight title, Evander Holyfield next agreed to a unification bout with IBF cruiserweight champion Rickey Parkey.
The Nevada Athletic Commission had withdrew it's membership from the WBA due to a dispute over two judges the WBA had chosen to score the Holyfield–Tillman fight and also because the WBA continued to recognize fighters from South Africa, a country the commission did not recognize.
As a result, the WBA not only threatened to withdraw it's sanctioning of both the Holyfield–Parkey cruiserweight title fight and the Mike Tyson–Pinklon Thomas heavyweight title fight, but to strip any of it's champions should they chose to fight in Nevada.
On the day of the fight, the WBA announced it would not sanction the fight, but would not strip Holyfield of the title though the title would be declared vacant should Parkey win.
The following day the WBA and Nevada Athletic Commission would end their dispute after the WBA agreed to correct the issues that the commission had, this led the WBA to retroactively sanction the Holyfield–Parkey bout.
After sweeping all three of the judge's scorecards in rounds one and two, Holyfield would bring an end to the fight in the third.
Midway through the round, Holyfield stunned Parkey with consecutive right hands and then swarmed in with a combination that dropped Parkey to the canvas.
Holyfield again went on the attack and landed a barrage of unanswered punches, with Parkey offering no offense, the referee called the fight just as Holyfield landed another right hand that sent Parkey down one last time.
It is proposed to built in three stages of 500MW each, and there are plans to add a 500MWh battery storage facility.
The company developing the project was in the news in July 2019 over an alleged wrongful transfer of shares, leading to action in the Federal Court of Australia.
The development was again in doubt in late 2019 when Planning consultants Ethos Urban submitted a wind-up application to the New South Wales Supreme Court against Sunshine Energy Australia.
Unger founded the Daily Bonnet in 2016 and, along with his wife Erin Koop Unger, the non-satirical website Mennotoba in 2017.
Unger has been a contributor to numerous publications including Geez and Ballast and previously published under the pen name Andrew J. Bergman.
He holds degrees from the University of Manitoba and has taught English Language Arts at Steinbach Regional Secondary School for more than fifteen years.
In 2019, Canadian Member of Parliament Candice Bergen read Unger's satirical headlines in the House of Commons as an example of Mennonite humour in support of motion M-111, a motion to create a Mennonite Heritage Week.
John Alysaundre of Charmouth was an English politician who was MP for Melcombe Regis in December 1421 and Lyme Regis in 1432.
The Minnesota ROKKR (stylized as Minnesota RØKKR is an American professional Call of Duty League (CDL) esports team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The ROKKR is owned by WISE Ventures, a private investments fund owned by the Wilf family, the owners of the Minnesota Vikings, along with Gary Vaynerchuk, who takes an active role in representing the team.
On October 29, 2019, Minnesota announced their branding as the Minnesota ROKKR, Brett Diamond COO of WISE Ventures explained they were going for a norse mythology theme.
Republican Warren Austin was elected to the United States Senate to serve the remainder of the deceased Frank L. Greene's term, defeating Democratic candidate Stephen M. Driscoll.
Austin replaced Frank C. Partridge, who was appointed to fill the seat until a special election could be held and was defeated in the special primary.
He started organising langar at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh in January 2000 when he was admitted there for treatment of cancer.
As of 2020, he is 85 years old and he has been offering free meals to people for last 19 years.
He sold a chunk of his 36 acres farm, a 9 acre farm, a plot of one kanal in Panchkula and a couple of showrooms to fund the free meals.
Ahuja was conferred the Padma Shri, fourth highest civilian award of India, in the field of social work on 26 January 2020.
On the service dress uniform metal rank is worn on the epaulets, with generals wearing all four stars evenly spaced between the button and the sleeve seam.
On the OCP uniform, the Space Force's combat utility uniform, embroidered navy blue rank is worn on an OCP patch on the center of the chest.
All members of the Space Force currently retain their respective grade and rank carried over from the Air Force, however it has not yet been announced what the permanent rank structure will be.
He was in private legal practice in Ghana prior to being appointed a Supreme Court Judge by Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana in 1993.
The 2020 Patna-Bhabua Intercity Express gang rape case involved a rape that occurred on 20 January 2020 in Patna-Bhabua Intercity Express by Bhabua Road railway station Bihar.
The incident took place when a 22-year-old HIV positive woman was returning to her home after medical check up at Gaya.
The victim, a 22-year-old woman was returning home on the night of 20 January 2020 after her check up as she is undergoing treatment of HIV.She boarded at Gaya Junction railway station.
Two man namely, Birendra Prakash Singh and Dipak Singh overpowered and raped her and even filmed the entire incident when the train was by the its last stoppage.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral districts of L'Acadie and Laprairie in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The new district was located directly south of Montreal (now part of the Montérégie administrative region), extending from the Saint Lawrence south to the border with the United States.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
He represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 50 metre butterfly S6 event.
The World Is Yours (TWIY) was a weekly thirty-minute radio show that aired Sunday afternoons from June 7, 1936 to May 10, 1942 as part of the Educational Radio Project, funded by the Works Progress Administration.
TWIY was the first radio program produced by the Smithsonian Institution, in conjunction with United States Department of the Interior Office of Education and was one of the most successful educational radio programs of the 1930s.
The scripts for the show were also made available for people who wished to air their own programs, and were provided by request along with a production manual, handbook of sound effects and a bibliography.
Episodes were narrated by an explorer named Oldtimer, who gave dramatic lectures in travelogue style to tell people about topics in geography, natural history, science and the arts.
The Clark County Coroner's Office (CCOCME) investigates all deaths caused by any criminal means, violence or suicide, and any unattended death, whatever the cause.
The CCOCME provides identification, performs autopsies or medical examinations, locates next-of-kin, and carries out any other requirements regarding deaths that fall under its jurisdiction.
The Clark County Office of the Coroner/Medical Examiner is the only coroner's office in the United States that is accredited by both the International Association of Coroners and Medical Examiners (IACME) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME).
Jayathilake Arachchige Florida Cooray (born 1936 – died 2007 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Florida Jayalath, was an actress in Sri Lankan cinema.
On 25 January 2020, Sejal committed suicide in her apartment at Royal Nest, Near Shivar Garden Mira Road, where she was staying with her friend.
She left the TV serial 'Dil toh Happy Hai Ji' in August 2019 and was on the search of work since then.
She wrote in her suicide note that she is being depressed for the last one and a half months and committing suicide, no one should be held responsible for it.
However, her mother has claimed that the actress was not depressed and had even got a leading role in a show.
Wang Qiao (; born 13 August 1957) is a Chinese environmentalist currently serving as director of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment.
He received his master's degree in cartography and doctor's degree in cartography and geographical information system from Wuhan University in 1992 and 1996, respectively.
In June 2009 he was appointed deputy director of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, five years later he was promoted to the director position.
Perez partnered alongside Storm Sanders and successfully defended her title, defeating Desirae Krawczyk and Asia Muhammad in the final, 6–3, 6–2.
Already at the age of 16 he joined a travelling troupe and as a travelling comedian he passed through Prussia, Saxony, Silesia, Austria and Hungary.
After ten years he became a dramatist and playwright at the Pest Theater with Feodor Grimm, after he had already made some dramatic attempts before.
The well-known theatre director Carl Carl in Vienna strangely recognized Haffner's talent for the local posse in this work and engaged him for nine years for the Theater an der Wien as a theatre poet.
Critics have treated Haffner with little encouragement and leniency, although humour and skilful character drawing cannot be denied in his plays.
Xu Zuxin (; born April 1956) is a Chinese female environmentalist who is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University.
She earned her bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctor's degree all from Hohai University between 1977 and 1988.She taught at the university since 1988, what she was promoted to associate professor in 1991 and to full professor in 1996.
In 1976, at age 28, he saw a Japanese white pine bonsai in an exhibition and was inspired to study the art form.
In 2002, Kobayashi opened the Shunkaen Bonsai Museum () in the Edogawa ward of Tokyo.The garden houses over 1,000 trees and attracts abouts 10,000 foreign visitors each year.
In addition, he has won the Koju-ten Taisho (first place), four Saikan-ten Prime Minister Awards, the Ministry of Agriculture Award, two Ministry of Education Awards, and numerous other awards and honors.
The Badge of Marshal Brennan is a 1957 American Western film directed by Albert C. Gannaway and written by Tom Hubbard.
The film stars Jim Davis, Arleen Whelan, Carl Smith, Harry Lauter, Marty Robbins, Douglas Fowley, Lee Van Cleef and Louis Jean Heydt.
He went on to earn a Master of Divinity degree from Asbury Theological Seminary in 1979, and a Master of Theology from Princeton Seminary in 1980.
After receiving his doctorate, Collins began his career in 1984 as a College Chaplain and two years later was appointed Assistant Professor of Religion and Philosophy at Methodist College (now Methodist University) in Fayetteville, North Carolina.
This sophisticated recognition led to the key insight that Wesley's practical theology had a distinct fingerprint as evidenced in the contours of grace actualized in the warp and woof of disciplined Christian life.
All members of the Space Force currently retain their respective grade and rank carried over from the Air Force, however it has not yet been announced what the permanent rank structure will be.
One of the most famous of these is estimated to be 1,000 years old, and is located in front of the house.
Though most of the trees are displayed in the courtyard, certain trees are displayed in traditional tokonoma alcoves inside the house.
D'Espona was the daughter of the lawyer Baldiri Rahona i Llorens and cousin of the politician and member of the Regionalist League of Catalonia Pedro Rahola.
Toni D. Newman (born December 3, 1962) is an African-American transgender author, sex workers' rights advocate, and Executive Director of St. James Infirmary in San Francisco.
Prior to becoming Executive Director of St. James Infirmary in May 2018, Newman worked as interim director of development and communications for the To Help Everyone Health and Wellness Center in Los Angeles, as a strategic fundraiser and legislative aide for Equality California, and as development officer for Maitri Compassionate Care.
Zhang Xiaoye (; born June 1963) is a Chinese meteorologist who is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.
He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from Northwest University (China) in 1986 and his Doctor of Science degree from Nanjing University in 1995.
He once served as deputy director of Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice-president of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.
McLauchlan was born in Dunedin in 1931, and lived in various New Zealand centres before finding a permanent home in Auckland.
The author's writing led to a second career as a media commentator, presenting television and radio programmes as a cultural critic and a social historian.
He was made an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2019 for services to historical research.
He most recently competed part-time in both the ARCA Menards Series East and West, driving for Kart Idaho Racing in both series as well as Vizion Motorsports in the West Series.
He is also one of three African American drivers currently competing in NASCAR, along with Cup Series driver Bubba Wallace and Truck Series driver Jesse Iwuji.
Williams loved to play with Hot Wheels toy cars as a child, and later discovered NASCAR on TV and immediately began watching races.
He soon decided it was what he wanted to do as a career, so he began racing go-karts at age 8, and eventually bandoleros after that.
Williams originally competed in the ARCA Truck Series, which was shut down during his time racing in that series, so he moved to the NASCAR Pinty's Series in Canada in 2017.
28 Dodge in five races (plus withdrawing from a sixth), with a best finish of eleventh in his debut race at Delaware Speedway.
He raced once in both the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East and West in 2018 for Calabrese Motorsports and Patriot Motorsports Group, respectively.
He returned to the Patriot team, renamed Kart Idaho Racing, in 2019 (after a change in ownership), after not qualifying for the race at Irwindale driving the No.
Williams stated in an interview in October 2019 that he was hoping to run full-time in the ARCA Menards Series, East Series, or West Series in 2020 if possible.
Although specific plans have not been announced and it is unclear if they will come to fruition, Williams is listed on Vizion's website to run full-time in the ARCA Menards Series in 2020.
Over the course of his NASCAR career, Williams' cars have often sported blue paint schemes with the blue autism puzzle pieces to symbolize his diagnosis on the spectrum and to raise awareness.
He did have some social interaction and sensory issues growing up, as other people on the spectrum do, but quickly learned to improve and overcome them with the help of his parents.
He and his father attended the Brickyard 400 when he was ten (so, the 2010 race), which sparked his interest in racing along with playing with toy cars at home and watching NASCAR races on TV.
The peak is situated east of Anchorage, northeast of Whittier, and northeast of Mount Muir, on land managed by Chugach National Forest.
Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the mountain rises up from tidewater at Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound in less than six miles.
The peak was named in 1908 by Ulysses Sherman Grant and Daniel F. Higgins for Grove Karl Gilbert (1843-1918}, a geologist with the United States Geological Survey who was part of the 1899 Harriman Alaska expedition that explored this area.
On June 14, 1960, a Pacific Northern Airlines Lockheed L-749A Constellation aircraft crashed near the summit, killing all 14 persons aboard.
It was on the final leg of a flight from Seattle to Anchorage, after having just dropped off 52 cannery workers and fishermen in Cordova.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Gilbert is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers.
This climate supports the Serpentine Glacier to the south, Colony Glacier to the north and west, and the Barry and Cascade Glaciers to the east.
From that idea, we picked our brains out and enhanced every possible scene that would make it more dramatic at the same time realistic.
He has two siblings, actress Amy Irving and Katie Irving He spent his childhood in San Francisco, where he was active in local theater.
The book is the only text on short film creation to focus on the importance of symbiosis between producer and director.
He served as the chair of New York University's Tisch School of Arts Film and Television program for both the undergraduate and graduate schools for over seven years.
Graham Lake (Yellow Dog Lodge) Water Aerodrome , is located on Graham Lake, near the Yellow Dog Lodge, approximately north northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
The 2020 Clearwater, Florida municipal elections will be held on March 17, 2020, to elect a mayor and two members of the city council (seat 2 and 3).
Incumbent mayor George Cretekos, who was first elected in 2012 and re-elected unopposed in 2016, is ineligible to run for re-election to a third consecutive term.
Her first international event was when the team played in the 2014 Ford World Women's Curling Championship where the Czech Republic went 3-8.
In 2016 they played in the 2016 Europeans and finished in 4th place, which also qualified them for the 2017 World Women's Curling Championship.
At the 2018 Ford World Women's Curling Championship, the Czech team qualified for the playoffs for the first time with a 6-6 record.
In eastern Australia, it grows in rainforests north from the Watagan Hills in the south, to tropical Queensland and the Northern Territory in the north.
This plant first appeared in scientific literature in 1799, published by the Swedish botanist Olof Swartz from a plant collected in Mauritius.
Liyanage Don Leena Piyasili de Silva (born 30 October 1936 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Leena de Silva, is an actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television.
One of the earliest piilars of Sri Lankan cinema, de Silva has contributed many critically acclaimed films of her generation with a career spanning more than six decades.
Her son, Bimal Yoga Sri was born on 13 September 1961 and daughter Poorna Priyadarshani was born on 1 June 1963.
During school times at the age of 12, she learned dancing from renowned dancer and actor Shesha Palihakkara, who introduced Leena on to the cinema screen.
As a result, CR had a tough time in maintaining train schedules, which led to the demand for a locomotive similar to the WCAM-2/2P, which was already successful in the Western Railways.
They were originally manufactured under a BOLT (build-own-lease-transfer) contract with BHEL, and were probably still owned by BHEL rather than by IR.
Axle-hung, nose-suspended, force ventilated, taper roller bearings Speed control by tap changers in AC mode and resistance notching in DC mode.
Rated for 105 km/h in DC mode (AC mode rated speed was quoted at 120 km/h although it can figuratively go up to 125 km/h).
Traction motor configurations as in the WCAM-1/2 and WAM-4 (all 6 in series, 2S 3P, or all parallel—the latter was the only one used under AC traction, enforced now by modifications to the locos).
The class are in active service in the Central Railway zone.CR uses WCAG-1 locos on Mumbai-Pune and Mumbai-Igatpuri sections which had ghat portions as well as speed restrictions of about 80 km/h.
These dual-traction models deliver 4600 hp in DC mode and 5000 hp in AC mode, and post 25 kV transformation, WCAG-1s were fully transformed into pure AC locomotives, and the performance was even more improved.
Frederick William Backus Coleman (1874–1947) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Denmark from 1931 to 1933.
In 2019, Bjorholm dealt bonsai for the Government of the United Arab Emirates, which the nation gave as gifts to various recipients, including the Central Intelligence Agency.
She was ordained and consecrated the eighth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Northern California on June 29, 2019 at the Mondavi Center in Davis, California.
Ethyl acetoxy butanoate (EAB) is a volatile chemical compound found as a minor component of the odour profile of ripe pineapples, though in its pure form it has a smell more similar to sour yoghurt.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering currently serves as director of the Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
He holds a bachelor's degree from Sichuan Normal University, and master's and doctor's degrees from the Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Wungngayam Muirang (born 02 February 1999) is an Indian footballer who plays as a defender from Manipur who currently plays for Gokulam Kerala F.C.
On 13 February 2019, Muirang was called up to the India under-23 side which participated in the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualifiers.
Elections to the Renfrew District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The film tells a story about the belief of a mother who preserve the spirit of her stillbirth child (ambar child) by using attributes.
Strange events begin to emerge when she temporarily stays with her eldest daughter, Mita, and Ferry, her son-in-law who does not accept her belief and disallow her to bring the ambar child’s attributes into their house.
Vijaygiri Bava (born 24 March 1987) is an Indian film maker and screenwriter who mainly known for his works in Gujarati cinema.
Montréal/Hydro Aéroport de Montréal Water Airport is a certified airport located on the Saint Lawrence River at Longueuil, northeast of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The song was a major hit in Europe, peaking at number 7 in Finland, number 10 in Germany, number 15 in Denmark, number 29 in Austria and number 36 in Switzerland.
Juliana Hatfield Sings The Police is a covers album by American alternative rock artist Juliana Hatfield, covering British rock band The Police.
The Police had been a childhood favorite of Hatfield's and she chose to balance the groups biggest hits with more obscure songs.
Mundari Karya (born 1 October 1959) is an Indonesian football manager, formerly have manage his hometown's team PSPS Pekanbaru.Expert in engender young footballer, such as the fabulous Malian footballer Makan Konate who has brought by Mundari to Indonesia in his young age.
The Institute of Optics and Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences () is a Chinese science research institute located in the town of Wenxing, Shuangliu District of Chengdu, in southwest China's Sichuan province.
It is a diversified organization with operations in photoelectric tracking measurement, beam control, adaptive optics, astronomical target photoelectric observation and recognition, advanced optical manufacturing, aerospace photoelectric equipment, micro nano optics, microelectronics optics, and biomedical optics.
It has more than 1,200 staff, including 2 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), 1 winner of National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars, 1 recruitment program of global experts, 1 chief scientist of National 973 Program, 8 state-level experts in the field of opto-electronics, 13 academic and technological research leaders in Sichuan, and 350 senior S&T personnel.
Nine Chinese state key laboratories are now under the Institute of Optics and Electronics, such as State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies for Micro fabrication, CAS Key labs on Beam Control, Adaptive Optics, and Chengdu Measurement and Testing laboratory for Geometrical Parameter and CAS Photoelectric Precision Mechanics.
Congress (AINRC), which had formed the government under N. Rangaswamy, lost its majority to the Indian National Congress (INC), led by V. Narayanasamy.
A native of Oak Park, Illinois, she studied at the University of Michigan and Columbia University before pursuing a career as an English and drama teacher.
Hunt was born Lois Marie Kelso in Oak Park, Illinois on July 16, 1926 to Hugh Donnally Kelso and Lou Lillian Hammerlund.
She subsequently earned a graduate degree from Columbia University, and began her career as a schoolteacher, teaching English and drama at Passaic Valley High School and St. Mary’s Hall, both in New Jersey.
Hunt spent her later years dedicated to philanthropic and humanitarian causes in Alexandria, serving on the Alexandria Beautification Commission, and was also the chair of the Bicentennial Trees of Alexandria.
She was also president of the Taylor Run Civic Association, and volunteered time to Meals on Wheels and the Episcopal Peace Fellowship.
Hunt was a member of various political and humanitarian organizations, including the League of Women Voters, the American Association of University Women, Amnesty International, and the Alexandria Democratic Committee.
She was predeceased by her eldest son, Nathaniel, who died in a swimming accident in 2011, as well as her former husband, Leon Hunt.
The Roman Theater of Zaragoza (formerly Caesaraugusta) is a theater from the Roman era, built in the first half of the 1st century AD, in the Age of Tiberius and Claudius.
It had a capacity of 6,000 spectators (in a city where only lived 18.000 people) and followed the model of the Theatre of Marcellus in Rome.
Skype a Scientist is a nonprofit educational organization based in Willimantic, Connecticut that enables scientists to video conference with students in classrooms.
It began as a program in 2017 by Sarah McAnulty while she was a graduate student at the University of Connecticut.
As of 2019, almost 15,000 classrooms and over 7,000 scientists from a total of 43 countries have participated in video conferencing sessions.
Sarah McAnulty came up with the idea for Skype a Scientist in 2016 while she was a graduate student in molecular and cell biology at the University of Connecticut in Storrs.
In 2017, McAnulty matched volunteer scientists with teachers and classrooms by hand using a Google spreadsheet, which she shared repeatedly on Twitter and Tumblr.
She collected information from scientists and teachers and matched them based on their timezones and type of scientist requested if available.
As the program grew, McAnulty recruited her childhood friend, David Jenkins, a graduate student in bioinformatics at Boston University, to write an algorithm that could match scientists with classrooms automatically.
Instead of a lecture, the video calls are informal question and answer sessions that last between 30 minutes and 1 hour.
During the first half of 2017, 800 scientists were matched with K-12 classrooms in almost all US states and in 27 other countries.
At the same time, 1,755 scientists had volunteered from all 50 US states and 17 other countries across 12 time zones.
Geoffrey Katsigazi Tumusiime, is a Ugandan military officer and diplomat, who serves as the Deputy Commander of the UPDF Air Force, since January 2020.
He is a Brigadier General in the UPDF and immediately prior to his current assignment, he served as the Defence Liaison Officer at the headquarters of the East African Community, in Arusha, Tanzania.
Brigadier Geoffrey Katsigazi Tumusiime served in the past as Commander of the UPDF Motorized Infantry Brigade and as the Acting Chief of Staff of the UPDF Land Forces, among other appointments.
In January 2020, he took over as deputy commander of the UPDF Air Force, replacing Major General Gavas Mugyenyi, who was appointed Uganda's military attache to India.
The Big Appeal (Cricket’s Day of Giving) is a set of three cricketing events on 8 February 2020 aimed at raising relief for those affected by the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season.
The three events include the ‘Bushfire Cricket Bash’, the Commonwealth Bank Women’s Tri-Series T20I match between India and Australia and the final of the Big Bash League (BBL).
Some former male cricketing stars taking part are Adam Gilchrist, Andrew Symonds, Brad Haddin and Mike Hussey; female stars include Elyse Villani, Grace Harris and Phoebe Litchfield.
Atatürk Sports Hall is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the Çukurova district of Adana, situated just north of the Hayal Park.
This riveting story of Astey Ladies revolves around the lives of three women Megha, Tani & Lima whose lives depended on their beauty and styling parlour, Salon De Paris.
In the match, he became the first bowler to take a hat-trick in his first over on his debut in a first-class cricket match.
Csaba Györffy was the one who influenced Steagul Roșu Brașov to change it's official colors from white and blue to black and yellow.
Gyorffy was fascinated by the combination of yellow and black stripes and decided at the return in the country to wear the shirt during his training sessions with the team.
The decision to change the colors of the club was taken by coach Silviu Ploeşteanu, who considered that, in the new colors, the team will be seen better on the field.
After he retired from his playing career he continued to work at Steagul Roșu Brașov as a manager, assistant and youth coach in different periods.
Csaba Györffy played one game for Romania's national team in a 1–1 friendly against Uruguay, which took place in Montevideo on Estadio Gran Parque Central.
He also played one game for Romania's Olympic team in which he scored in a 3–2 loss against Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympics qualifiers.
He was selected to be in Romania's 1970 World Cup squad, but because he got ill of bronchitis, Györffy missed the tournament.
As of 2020, there are three UNESCO Global Geoparks in Canada and several aspiring geoparks projects going on, under the framework of the Canadian Geoparks Network.
In the United States, there are no active UNESCO Global Geoparks so far, but there are certain plans to establish geoparks, applying for this label.
According to the register of Canadian Geoparks Network, the following geopark projects are going on with the future request for UNESCO status.
The Canadian National Committee for Geoparks (CNCG) or the Canadian Geoparks Network was founded in 2009, under the patronage of the Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences (CFES).
As the national committee of Canada of the Global Geoparks Network, it is the coordinator of UNESCO Global Geopark applications from Canada and a forum for capacity building among active UNESCO-labeled geoparks and apsiring ones.
The committee is helping the currently running and future geopark applications with established guidelines, site visits prior to applications for SWOT analysis.
North America is currently not represented with a regional geopark network in the Global Geoparks Network, such as the Asia Pacific Geoparks Network.
With the lack of active UNESCO Global Geoparks in the United States, the Canadian Geoparks Network represent the North American geoparks movement in international conferences and regional meetings.
The 2002 Queensland Cup season was the 7th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
The Queensland Cup returned to a 12-team format in 2002 with the inclusion of the North Queensland Young Guns, who served as the North Queensland Cowboys feeder club.
Along with the Cowboys using the Young Guns as their affiliate, the Brisbane Broncos and Melbourne Storm were again affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales and Norths Devils, respectively.
After earning a first round bye, they defeated Ipswich by a point in the major semi final, qualifying for their sixth overall and fourth consecutive Grand Final.
Ipswich qualified for the finals for the first time after finishing third, and defeated the East Coast Tigers in the first week of the playoffs.
The loss to Redcliffe saw them face Norths in the preliminary final, in which they won 29–26 to set up a rematch with the Dolphins in the Grand Final.
It took just 10 seconds for tensions to flare in the decider after Jets' prop Danny McAllister was hit with a high tackle from the kick off by Dolphins' captain Luke Scott.
It was a dominant first half for the Dolphins, who led 22–0 at half time after tries to Bara (his second), Damien Richters and Barry Berrigan added tries.
Three minutes into the second half, Redcliffe pushed their lead to 28 when winger Phil Shilvock scored, the try all but wrapping up the game.
Redcliffe scored again in the 61st minute, when a pinpoint Shane Perry chip kick found Trent Leis, who scored in his third Grand Final.
Jets' centre Aaron Bulow scored seven minutes later but the game was well out of reach for Ipswich, as Redcliffe secured their third premiership.
The victorious Redcliffe side featured two players who would play in the Brisbane Broncos 2006 NRL Grand Final win over the Melbourne Storm, with Shane Perry starting at halfback and David Stagg starting at centre in the victory.
Figuerism or Figuerismo is a political and ideological movement in Costa Rica of democratic socialism initiated by the controversial figure of José Figueres Ferrer, who exercised the presidency of Costa Rica on three occasions; as de facto ruler after the Costa Rican revolution between 1948 and 1949 and then as democratically elected president twice: 1953-1958 and 1970-1974.
Several Costa Rican political parties proclaim themselves as continuators of figuerism and as their most faithful representatives, among them the National Liberation Party, Citizens' Action Party and the Patriotic Alliance, all of whom pay homage to the figure of José Figueres and have personalities in their ranks close to the former president Figueres and of figuerist extraction.
The centenary of his birth on September 25, 2006 was celebrated both by the government chaired by Oscar Arias of the National Liberation Party and in the Legislative Assembly by then main opposition force of the Citizen Action Party.
José Figueres Ferrer proclaimed himself adherent of utopian socialism and developed a particularly Creole and native form of Costa Rican socialism difficult to define in international standards.
In 1953, the Center for the Study of National Problems and Democratic Action merged, giving birth to the National Liberation Party with Figueres as its first candidate and also its first democratically elected president.
The figuerismo is not synonymous with liberationism, that is, the ideology that revolves around the National Liberation Party which has a varied archipelago of internal tendencies.
Other figures such as former deputy and former first lady Karen Olsen Beck and Figueres Ferrer's daughter, Muni Figueres, are still PLN members.
PLN's main rival, the Citizens' Action Party was founded by different personalities largely from the PLN, PAC has/had among its members personalities close to the figure, as one of its founders was writer Alberto Cañas Escalante who was close to Figueres Ferrer and former first lady Josette Altmann Borbón who was his daughter-in-law and wife of Figueres Olsen.
Another figuerista is President Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera who left the PLN for the PAC following the disagreement with the support of the party to CAFTA.
Solís Rivera used to belong to the figuerista trend along with Mariano Figueres Olsen (also Figueres Ferrer's son and president of the Patriotic Alliance party) and both left the ranks of the PLN at the same time, adhering to different but allied parties.
The Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School (), also known by its abbreviation DVOKU (), is a military academy of the Russian Armed Forces.
Established on 11 February 1940 as the Vladivostok Infantry School, the Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School is one of the oldest military educational establishments in Russia.
Opening shortly before the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, it went on to train infantry company and platoon commanders during the war.
Graduates saw action in many of the military theatres during the war, many of them receiving awards and honours for their service.
The school continued to train officers after the war, relocating from Vladivostok to Blagoveshchensk in 1949, and undergoing several changes of name in the following years.
It received several awards from the Soviet and later Russian governments, and has trained some 26,000 graduates who have served in many warzones across the world, have received honours including the titles Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of the Russian Federation, and attained high military ranks.
In 2013 the school introduced an Arctic warfare specialisation, and since 2010 it has provided secondary vocational education for warrant officers.
Cadets and staff of the naval infantry training units have taken part in long-distance voyages aboard Russian warships in European, South Korean and Middle Eastern waters.
Those training with Arctic specialisations have deployed with the 200th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade and the 61st Naval Infantry Brigade, part of the Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command.
Mountain warfare officers undertake training at facilities in Russia's mountain regions, and also carry out visits to similar regions in India, Germany and Switzerland.
The school is one of the oldest military educational institutions in the country, dating from 11 February 1940 with its founding as the Vladivostok Infantry School under the orders of Peoples' Commissar of Defence Kliment Voroshilov.
The first class of 790 students graduated on 16 June 1941, a month before the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union.
To meet the demands of the war, on 16 December 1941 the school initiated its two-month advanced training courses for infantry company and platoon commanders.
The school's students and graduates went on to take part in a number of the battles during the war, with around 2,000 graduates serving at the defence of Moscow and the subsequent counterattacks.
In 1942 two cadet rifle brigades (the 248th and 250th) were formed from officers, cadets and soldiers of the school, and were deployed to the Steppe and Leningrad Fronts.
23 officer graduates of the school received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war, with several thousand receiving some form of order or decoration.
On 11 February 1944 the school was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.
The school continued in existence after the war, and in September 1949 was relocated from Vladivostok to Blagoveshchensk, becoming the Blagoveshchensk Infantry School.
As part of the 1967 celebrations of the October Revolution, the school was awarded the Memorial Banner of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
417 of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, though on 9 July 2004 it was again renamed, this time to the K. K. Rokossovsky Far Eastern Higher Military Command School (Military Institute).
On 24 December 2008 it became part of the All-Russian Research Centre for the Military Aviation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, though it was again separated on 28 April 2015 and placed under the direct control of the Ministry of Defence.
The school originated as a centre for training command personnel in a short period of time, achieved by reducing the number of subjects taught, and lengthening the teaching day from ten hours to twelve.
With the demands of the Second World War, from 16 December 1941 the school offered advanced two-month training courses for company commanders and platoon commanders.
Since the Second World War graduates of the school have served during the Sino-Soviet border conflict and Soviet–Afghan War and in Vietnam, Egypt, Syria, Laos, Cuba, the North Caucasus region, and South Ossetia.
Notable graduates include Major General Yuri Viktorovich Kuznetsov, awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union for his service in Afghanistan, who returned to become head of the school from March 1993 to November 2002.
Over a hundred graduates have gone on to hold senior military ranks, including Army Generals Viktor Samsonov, and , and Colonel Generals and Valery Belyaev.
In 2013 the school was recognized as the best military educational institution of the Russian Ground Forces, and was awarded the challenge cup of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces.
The school also liaises with local and regional government bodies in the area, particularly those of Amur Oblast and the city of Blagoveshchensk.
She moved again to Dunedin in 1957; in the late 1960s she returned to her university studies and eventually completed a PhD at the University of Otago in 1979.
Forster was a lecturer in zoology at the University of Otago, and also carried out research and wrote papers and books on spiders.
In addition, she worked at the Otago Museum designing and creating displays of spiders, and running educational programmes on spiders for children.
Forster was also an active member of the Otago Institute (the Otago branch of the Royal Society of New Zealand); in 1990 she was elected president, the first woman to hold the position.
On 27 January 2020, Caspian Airlines Flight 6936 overran the runway on landing at Mahshahr Airport, Iran on a flight from Tehran.
A witness said that the aircraft's undercarriage did not appear to be fully down as the aircaft came in to land.
Huh was formerly banned from politics for 10 years in 2008 for slander that he would marry Park Geun-hye, a former pre-presidential candidate lost to Lee Myung-bak at the Grand National Party preselection.
The party was officially formed on 15 August and elected Huh as the party President, as well as its presidential candidate for the next election.
Cho Young-tae, a lecturer in Seoul National University, analysed that Huh's manifesto to pay 30,000,000 won (≒ 30,000 USD) for childbirth is similar to the Moon Jae-in government.
During the formation convention, Huh criticised that the President of the Republic Moon Jae-in supports the Democratic Federal Republic of Korea as the Korean reunification; the idea was suggested by North Korea.
Kim Sung-ki, who plans to run as the MP candidate for Busan West-East, had been jailed for 2 years for murder in August 1982.
Born in Switzerland to German parents, Merz was an immigrant to El Salvador and represented his adoptive country in a total of 31 Davis Cup ties.
He reached a career best singles ranking of 254 in the world, which was highest attained by a Salvadoran until beaten by Marcelo Arévalo.
His best ATP Tour performance was a second round appearance at the 1991 Geneva Open and he featured in the qualifying draw for the 1992 Wimbledon Championships.
He made his first-class debut on 27 January 2020, for Bihar in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy, scoring 150 runs in the second innings.
Similar models were the Z250 A, which was first built in 1979, and the Z250LTD, which was built in 1980, and which is one of the softchoppers.
First established in Cluses in Haute-Savoie, it is today one of the largest manufacturers and supplier of controllers and drives for entrance gates, garage doors, blinds and awnings.
They are a member of home automation committees such as Connected Home over IP (with others such as Google, Apple and Amazon), Thread and the Zigbee alliance.
Robert L. Payton (August 23, 1926, South Bend, Indiana - May 19, 2011, Scottsdale, Arizona) was a jazz musician, writer and editor, president of two universities; (Hofstra University and C.W.
He also served as a founding trustee of Editorial Projects in Education, the organization that helped start The Chronicle of Higher Education.
He was a vice chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis and served as special assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Administration in 1966‐67.
The Limpopo Championship is a golf tournament on the Sunshine Tour played at Euphoria Golf & Lifestyle Estate in Modimolle, Limpopo province, South Africa.
It will be organised by the European University Sports Association (EUSA) and University Sports Federation of Serbia with the special cooperation alongside University of Belgrade.
The Kawasaki Versys 1000 is a dual-sport motorcycle produced since 2012 by Kawasaki, equipped with a four-cylinder engine with a capacity of 1043cm³ originating from Kawasaki Z1000.
From 1935 to his retirement in 1945 he was employed by the Seventh-day Adventist Church's Africa Division with responsibilities stretching from Cape Town to Lake Chad.
Anderson proceeded through South Africa by rail to Mafeking and thence by a six-week ox wagon ride to Solusi near Bulawayo in the south part of Rhodesia.
The mission suffered early setbacks; the missionaries were forced to flee to Bulawayo for some months during the Second Matabele War of 1896-97 and many of the missionaries died of Malaria in 1898.
A replacement party was also struck down by the disease and by 1901 Anderson and his wife were the only missionaries a the station.
The land had earlier been claimed by another priest but he had failed to mark the acquisition in accordance with the local custom.
Anderson complied with this requirement by carving a message in a tree trunk at the site and soon had founded the Rusangu Mission and farmstead on 5 September 1905.
Anderson arranged for supplies to be sent from the Solusi mission and within a month was teaching 40 students at Rusangu.
Anderson's rival was awarded another plot of land on the far side of the river which was developed into a school and hospital.
Anderson was employed by the Seventh-day Adventist Church's Africa Division from 1930 to 1945 during which time he had responsibility for establishing new missions, organising meetings and advising new missionaries.
In this role he celebrated the 50th anniversary of the start of mission work at Solusi by driving an ox wagon onto the site.
In September 2019, Jojo Rabbit won the festival’s audience award at the Toronto International Film Festival, and earned six Oscar nominations at the 92nd Oscars in 2020.
A cable written by Frank in November 2003 revealed the American interest in obtaining the S-300 surface-to-air missile system from Croatia.
According to other sources, including the court testimony of arms dealer Zvonko Zubak, the system was indeed shipped to the U.S. in 2004.
The Teacup galaxy, also known as the Teacup AGN or SDSS J1430+1339 is a low redshift type 2 quasar, showing extended loop of ionized gas resembling a handle of a teacup, which was discovered by volunteers of the Galaxy Zoo project and labeled as a Voorwerpje.
The Teacup galaxy is dominated by a bulge and has a asymmetric structure with a shell-like structure and a tidal tail.
Observations with the Gran Telescopio Canarias showed that the Teacup Galaxy has a giant reservoir of ionized gas extending up to 111 kpc.
The loop is dominated by emission lines, such as hydrogen alpha and doubly ionized oxygen, which gives the loop seen in SDSS images a purple color.
The emission of [O II] is extremely strong in the Teacup AGN and the quasar 3C 48 shows a similar [O II]/Hβ ratio.
The study also found a bright emission towards the north-east of the AGN, which is consistent with high-velocity ionized gas (-740 km/s).
The Chandra data also show evidence for hotter gas within the bubble, which may imply that a wind of material is blowing away from the black hole.
It started on October 15, 2017 with the first round of the regular season and ended on May 22, 2018 with the finals.
It is indigenous to the southern Cape region of South Africa, where it occurs in Fynbos and Renosterveld vegetation, from the West Coast, eastwards as far as Grahamstown.
They are 40mm wide, consist of more than one individual flowerheads (a diagnostic character), of which the outer ones have visible ray-florets.
Nicolae Selymes played one game for Romania's national team in a 1–3 loss against Morocco, coming on as a substitute in the 70th minute of the game, replacing Nicolae Tătaru.
Progress and Future of Ceuta (), PFC) was a political party established as a grouping of electors ahead of the 1991 Spanish local elections in the city of Ceuta by the then-city's mayor Francisco Fraiz Armada, and was composed by independents and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) disenchanted members.
The party accessed government for a first term in 1991 with the support of the United Ceuta (CEU) party, then in 1995 under Basilio Fernández López—to become the first Mayor-President of Ceuta—with the support of both CEU and PSOE.
It was directed by Murari Mohan Rakshit and is the first Bengali movie to be screened in the United Arab Emirates.
Four University friends Arko, Abhi, Joyita and Shuvo meet each other after twenty years and trigger old memories, set against the backdrop of the 90s, of friendship, romance and active campus politics.
Romita is the eye of the audience as through the process of telling her the stories of their younger days a plethora of repressed responses and crisis ate revealed.
Their finding out of their college senior and leader Rudra, played by Parambrata Chatterjee and his crush Monideepa played by Raima Sen brings out lost love.
In Pakistan, girls belonging to the minority Hindu and Christian communities are kidnapped, raped, forcibly converted to Islam and married to Muslim men.
Every year about 1,000 non-Muslim girls are forcibly converted to Islam in Pakistan.According to the Pakistan Hindu Council,forced religious conversions are one of the main reason for migration of Hindus from Pakistan to India.
A 2014 report by the Movement for Solidarity and Peace (MSP) says about 1,000 women in Pakistan are forcibly converted to Islam every year (700 Christian and 300 Hindu).
According to the Pakistan Hindu Council, religious persecution, especially forced conversions, remains the foremost reason for migration of Hindus from Pakistan.
Religious institutions like Bharchundi Sharif and Sarhandi Pir support forced conversions and are known to have support and protection of ruling political parties of Sindh.
According to the National Commission of Justice and Peace and the Pakistan Hindu Council (PHC) around 1000 Christian and Hindu minority women are converted to Islam and then forcibly married off to their abductors or rapists.
According to another report from the Movement for Solidarity and Peace, about 1,000 non-Muslim girls are converted to Islam each year in Pakistan.
According to the Amarnath Motumal, the vice chairperson of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, every month, an estimated 20 or more Hindu girls are abducted and converted, although exact figures are impossible to gather.
In 2003 a six-year-old Sikh girl was kidnapped by a member of the Afridi tribe in Northwest Frontier Province; the alleged kidnapper claimed the girl was actually 12-years-old, and had converted to Islam so therefore could not be returned to her non-Muslim family.
In May 2007, members of the Christian community of Charsadda in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, close to the border of Afghanistan, reported that they had received letters threatening bombings if they did not convert to Islam, and that the police were not taking their fears seriously.
In June 2009, International Christian Concern (ICC) reported the rape and killing of a Christian man in Pakistan, for refusing to convert to Islam.
Rinkle Kumari, a 19-year Pakistani student, Lata Kumari, and Asha Kumari, a Hindu working in a beauty parlor, were allegedly forced to convert from Hinduism to Islam.
Their cases were appealed all the way to the Supreme Court of Pakistan where they said that they wanted to live with their parents and not their 'so called' husbands.
Sikhs in Hangu district stated they were being pressured to convert to Islam by Yaqoob Khan, the assistant commissioner of Tall Tehsil, in December 2017.
However, the Deputy Commissioner of Hangu Shahid Mehmood denied it occurred and claimed that Sikhs were offended during a conversation with Yaqub though it wasn't intentional.
On May 14, 35 Hindus of the same family were forced to convert by their employer because his sales dropped after Muslims started boycotting his eatable items as they were prepared by Hindus as well as their persecution by the Muslim employees of neighbouring shops according to their relatives.
14 members of the another family converted on May 17 since no one was employing them, later another Hindu man and his family of eight under pressure from Muslims converted to Islam to avoid their land being grabbed.
Farid Chand Singh, who filed the complaint, has claimed that Assistant Commissioner Tehsil Tall Yaqoob Khan was allegedly forcing Sikhs to convert to Islam and the residents of Doaba area are being tortured religiously.
Within Pakistan, the province of the southern Sindh had over 1,000 forced conversions of Christian and Hindu girls according to the annual report of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan in 2018.
According to victims’ families and activists, Mian Abdul Haq, who is a local political and religious leader in Sindh, has been accused of being responsible for forced conversions of girls within the province.
According to Pakistan's Human rights commission, between 2004 to 2018, about 7,430 cases of forced abductions of Sindhi girls were reported in Sindh.
It is endemic to the Western Cape Province, South Africa, where it occurs from the Robertson Karoo and Overberg regions to Bredasdorp and the Agulhas plain in the south, and as far east as Riversdale and Mossel Bay.
Iturrioz turned professional in 2015 after she finished fourth at the Ladies European Tour Qualifying School Final, and joined the LET in 2016.
She won the Lalla Meryem Cup as a rookie and finished 10th on the Order of Merit rankings, but missed out on the LET Rookie of the Year award to Aditi Ashok.
She won the Lalla Meryem Cup again in 2019, three years after her maiden victory in the same tournament, and won two more tournaments in quick succession including the Omega Dubai Moonlight Classic to finish fourth on the 2019 Ladies European Tour Order of Merit rankings.
Iturrioz finished tied for 72nd at the final stage of the 2017 LPGA Qualifying Tournament to earn membership for the 2018 Symetra Tour season.
The 1983 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
He completed his primary studies from Deoria, Uttar Pradesh and later went to Gorakhpur University where he earned his graduate and postgraduate degrees in Economics.
Michael Bryant (born April 2, 1995) is an American soccer player who plays as a forward for California United Strikers in the NISA.
Bryant played college soccer at Elmira College in 2013, where he played three seasons for the Soaring Eagles - missing the 2014 season.
Hinkley was a pupil at St Peter's High School, Gloucester, and he joined the Gloucester academy in the summer of 2017.
He made his debut as a replacement for Ben Morgan in an Anglo-Welsh Cup game against Newcastle Falcons on 3 February 2018 and had a try disallowed for having a foot in touch.
He was nominated for the 2019/20 Premiership Rugby Cup breakthrough player award after scoring a try against London Irish in the group stage.
Hinkley also scored a try on his debut for England under-20s in a bonus point win against Wales in the 2018 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
He was in the England squad for the 2018 World Rugby Under 20 Championship and appeared as a replacement in the defeat against France in the final.
He played every minute of the 2019 Six Nations Under 20s Championship, winning two man of the match awards in the tournament and scoring a try against Scotland.
He started every game of the 2019 World Rugby Under 20 Championship, scoring a try against Australia as England finished fifth.
Francis James McGarry (11 July 1897 – 21 November 1955) was a Catholic lay missionary and Protector of Aborigines who was instrumental in the establishment and day-to-day management of the Little Flower Mission in Central Australia.
McGarry was born on 11 July 1897 in Wagga Wagga in New South Wales, the younger of twins and sixth child, born to John McGarry, a butcher, and his wife Catherine Elizabeth, née Jones.
When his father dies the family moved to Sydney where they settled in Manly and McGarry attended Marist Brothers' High School in Darlinghurst.
Following this, on 28 July 1917, he enlisted in the First Australian Imperial Force in through which he served in the 45th Battalion in France, from August 1918, where his main role was as a truck driver.
Following his return, in 1922, McGarry joined the St Vincent De Paul Society where, from 1926, he was a weekly visitor at the Leprosarium at Little Bay, New South Wales; an act that he hid from many people due to concerns about his contact with the infectious disease.
On these visits McGarry offered to give pastoral care as well as delivering requested items, such as books and newspapers, to inmates.
McGarry moved to the Northern Territory in 1935 to assist Father P. J. Moloney in establishing the Little Flower Mission, which began in Alice Springs.
In the very early days, the mission was on Bath Street, in the centre of Alice Springs, although it soon moved to the banks of Charles Creek, nearby the Alice Springs Telegraph Station, then operating as The Bungalow.
McGarry worked alongside local Arrernte men to build the mission here; this included erecting combined church and school and Wurlies, a form of humpies, for accommodating families.
During this period McGarry fed, clothed and taught Aboriginal children at the mission and he is remembered for not allowing the children to speak their Arrernte language and his belief that he was working quietly towards the elimination of adherence to Arrernte cultural practices, believing that they conflicted with his Christianity.
Examples of this is that McGarry expelled men and women found to be in polygamous relationships from the mission camp and believed that boys initiation rites, men's business, were excessively brutal and that the process made it more difficult for them to accept Christianity.
This resistance and rejection of cultural practices was in direct contradiction to the advice of Charles Duguid, who inspired the mission after sharing his condemnation of the way that Aboriginal people were treated in Alice Springs following a visit there in 1934: Duguid encouraged missionaries to respect local language and culture.
In these early years McGarry also obtained most of the mission's food by seeking donations and bargaining for goods in Alice Springs as well as from family and the St Vincent de Paul Society.
In April 1938 teaching duties were taken from McGarry, who had been teaching for three hours every day, when the Sisters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart took over the running of the school.
McGarry found this transition very difficult and tried to maintain influence over the school; causing considerable tension with the sisters and the missionary community.
In 1942, following the bombing of Darwin, Alice Springs became a major army staging base and the mission was ordered to relocate to Arltunga, 110 km (68 miles) east of Alice Springs, which was, at this time, a former mining town.
To complete this move, which took two years, McGarry was responsible for looking for water, building roads and escorting people to the new location.
However, when the move was completed in March 1944 McGarry was told that his services were no longer required; the reason for this is not clear but it is suggested that it was due to McGarry's poor relationship with the sisters.
In September 1944 McGarry accepted a position with the Northern Territory's Native Affairs Branch, initially as a patrol officer; a position that he had been offered earlier.
In 1946, after a number of more short-term roles, McGarry was posted as superintendent of the newly established Yuendumu settlement, delivering rations and welfare services to Warlpiri and Anmatyerre people who had been displaced from their homelands and traditional food sources.
This position was, however, short-lived with McGarry being asked to step down from the role in 1948 (although he was told that he could apply for the role of the assistant).
This may have been due to enforcement of the policy that only married men could be employed as superintendent or that McGarry's attitude to the arrival of Baptist missionaries was problematic.
Following his resignation McGarry returned to Sydney where he worked as a salesman at an auctioneers in Manly before becoming a night-watchman in order to keep his days free for charity work at the St Vincent de Paul opportunity shop.
It occurs in rocky, mountainous Fynbos vegetation, in the southern regions of the Western Cape Province and Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Relhania garnotii is a shrublet belonging to the daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae), indigenous to the southern Overberg region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
It is endemic to the Overberg region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, where it occurs on silcrete, but also in flat, coastal sandy or clay Renosterveld vegetation, between the towns of Bredasdorp and Mossel Bay.
A Fujian gang () is a crime syndicate, such as a triad gang, composed of Fujianese people; the term primarily refers to Fujianese immigrant gangs in Hong Kong.
Prior to the 1960s, there had already been a large exodus of Fujianese people from the Chinese Mainland into North Point; the Fujianese later supported left-wing labour associations and students during the 1967 riots, in which the Hua Feng Chinese Goods store served as the command centre for the leftist faction.
Between the Qing Dynasty and the reform and opening-up of the People's Republic of China, many residents of the Chinese mainland, including residents of the city of Fuqing, Fujian, smuggled themselves out of China.
The associations later evolved into the Fuqing Gang (), also called the Fulong Gang, a crime syndicate that became active internationally and monopolized underground casinos in Tokyo as its main source of income.
Hong Kong media reports indicate that the Fuqing Gang has links to the Japanese Yakuza, the American Mafia, and Triads operating in Mainland China and collaborates with them in the operation of underground casinos and the trafficking of illegal drugs in East Asia.
In the same year, a similar assault on protestors occurred on 11 August in North Point, in which some assailants identified themselves as Chinese or Fujianese.
Following the violent assaults on protestors, several unknown individuals attacked Chinese state-run enterprises and businesses run by Fujianese individuals in Hong Kong.
Among the businesses targeted was Best Mart 360, whose founder's links to Fujianese community associations led to vandalism, arson attacks, and looting targeting the company's approximately 360 stores.
At the time of the violent incidents, the executive leader of the Hong Kong Liaison Office was Wang Zhimin from Xianyou, Fujian.
A former member of the People's Liberation Army, Wang is suggested by media reports to have deep ties with Fujian gangs.
In January 2020, Wang was recalled by the State Council of the People's Republic of China and replaced with Luo Huining.
The film tells a story of a woman who is strong and self reliant in her struggle to survive in this world.
A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines and may be classified according to engine/propeller location and drive as well as the lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft).
The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).
It is found in rocky Fynbos and Renosterveld vegetation, growing in rocky, loamy or sandy soil, in the Western Cape Province and Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Rotary Betagi Union High School (Bengali: রোটারি বেতাগী ইউনিয়ন উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়) , established in 1968, is one of the famous school in Rangunia Upazila.
On 27 January 2020, a United States Air Force Bombardier Global Express E-11A aircraft crashed in Afghanistan's Dih Yak District, Ghazni Province.
It was originally reported to be an aircraft of Ariana Afghan Airlines, but the airline later ruled out this possibility, saying all its flights had been accounted for.
A spokesman for the United States military confirmed the identity of the aircraft involved in the accident, which occurred in an area controlled by the Taliban.
On 29 January, Pentagon sources identified the airmen killed in the crash as Lieutenant Colonel Paul K. Voss and Captain Ryan S. Phaneuf.
Iranian Land Reform was a major land reform in Iran and one of the main concerns of the White Revolution of 1963.
It was a significant part of the reform program of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and occurred when the existing feudal system was abolished and the arable land redistributed from large landowners to smaller agricultural workers.
A main element of this was the implementation of a land reform programs designed to change the ownership structure of agricultural land.
Before the land reform, 70% of the arable land was owned by a small elite of large landowners or religious foundations.
There was no official land register yet rather the land ownership was documented by means of title deeds whereby the document did not represent a specific measured area of ​​land but a village and the land belonging to the village.
Before the land reform 50% of Iranian agricultural land was in the hands of large landowners, 20% belonged to charitable or religious foundations, 10% was owned by the state or owned by the crown and only 20% belonged to free farmers.
Before the land reform began 18,000 villages had been recorded of which the land would be divided among the farmers living in the village<ref>.
Kyle Patrick O'Brien (born May 27, 1990) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for California United Strikers in the NISA.
O'Brien played college soccer at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville in 2008 for one season, before transferring to Vanguard University, where he played three seasons.
After a short stint with PSA Elite in California, O'Brien moved to Malta, where he played with Pembroke Athleta in 2015 and 2016, and Hibernians in 2016.
In 2013, he became the managing director of Jones Lang LaSalle Deutschland GmbH and the JLL representative office in the Rhine-Ruhr / Essen metropolitan region.
Since October 2005, he has been a member of the expert committee for property values ​​in the state capital of Düsseldorf.
From 2005 onwards Abel volunteered as an examiner in the examination board of the IHK in Düsseldorf as part of the training as a real estate agent.
He is a frequent contact person for interviews in the areas of online trade and transport, in addition to his role as an expert in real estate.
In the same year followed the membership of the board of trustees of Business Metropole Ruhr GmbH, Essen, as well as the appointment as commercial judge at the regional court of Düsseldorf, 3rd chamber for commercial matters.
In 2017 Marcel Abel became a member of the German Economic Council (Federal Commission for Construction, Real Estate and Smart Cities).
Since 2018, Abel has chaired the State Commission for Building, Real Estate and Smart Cities in the Economic Council of Germany and has become a member of the economic advisory board of the Stadtsparkasse Düsseldorf.
Euclid Correa (born September 24, 1971) known professionally as Aquiles Correa, is a Dominican actor and stand-up comedian, known for the 'Sanky Panky' trilogy and 'Santi Clo... La vaina de la Navidad'.
He made his film debut doing a scene in Los locos también piensan (2005) till he landed his Carlitos role in Sanky Panky (2007).
The 2003 Queensland Cup season was the 8th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
The Redcliffe Dolphins defeated the Burleigh Bears 31–18 in the Grand Final at Dolphin Oval, becoming the first club to win back-to-back premierships.
The Brisbane Broncos, Melbourne Storm and North Queensland Cowboys were again affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales, Norths Devils and North Queensland Young Guns respectively.
Burleigh, who finished as minor premiers ahead of Redcliffe on points differential, earned a week one bye in the finals before defeating the Dolphins in the major semi final to secure a spot in their second Grand Final.
Redcliffe, who defeated Ipswich in the first week of the finals, faced Wynnum in the preliminary final after their loss to Burleigh.
A dominant 46–26 win over the Seagulls saw them qualify for their fifth straight Grand Final and set up a rematch of the 1999 decider against Burleigh.
Burleigh started the Grand Final in the best way possible when centre Reggie Cressbrook intercepted a pass in the opening set to score under the posts.
Barba got his second try of the game when he chased down a Shane Perry kick from a scrum win to score untouched.
Barba scored his third try of the contest when he scooped up a kick from inside his own half and ran 70 metres to score just before half time.
Burleigh staged a small fightback with two tries in five minutes to Tony Gray and Trent Purdon but the Dolphins truly put the game to bed when Ben Jones scored with eight minutes to play.
In the 78th minute, five-eighth Shane Perry wrapped up the victory with a field goal to extend the final winning margin to 13.
The Sailing at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games was held between 31 May to 4 June at Changi Water Sport Complex.
The National Animal Disease Information Service (NADIS) is a British veterinary organisation that limits the spread of animal diseases; it is partly government-funded.
Chain Noy (Hebrew: חיים נוי; born: 1 July 1968) is an Israeli media and communication professor in the School of Communication at Bar Ilan University.
His foci are on affordances of communication and in older and newer media, which he studies in contexts of contemporary travel, tourism, museums, and political activism.
For his book, Thank You for Dying for Our Country: Commemorative Texts and Performances in Jerusalem (Oxford University Press, 2015), Noy received the Best Book Award by the Israeli Communication Association.
During the years 2003 – 2008 Noy was a Visiting Lecturer at the Noah Mozes Department of Communication and Journalism, and the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
During 2011 – 2012, Noy was on the Ruth Meltzer Distinguished Fellowship at the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
He returned to Israel in 2015 and worked as an Associate Professor at the Department of Tourism Studies, Ashkelon Academic College.
Noy’s research areas include Media and Communication Studies, Language and Social Interaction, Linguistic Anthropology, Discourse Analysis and Writing Practices, and Tourism and Museum Studies.
While in school she discovered that her love of literature got her bullied, but her ability to write plays which entertained her classmates ensured that even her worst bully was more interested in her next work.
When getting a permit to work in London proved to be more difficult than she had hoped, Jocelyn began to work translating plays and novels, adding a degree in English to her skills.
The owner of the house, Robert Jocelyn, had lent it to her to work on a book and has since become her husband.
Alison Morris (born October 30, 1979) is an American journalist who has worked as an on-air news anchor at NBC News since 2019.
Alison Morris was born and raised in Long Island, New York, where she attended Our Lady of Mercy Academy, an all-female private Catholic college preparatory school.
This generated criticism and protest over social media, paired with accusations of racism towards Morris as well as a petition to have her fired.
As of January 27, 2020, a Change.org petition had over 130,000 signatures calling for Morris to be fired due to the incident.
Alison Morris lives in Manhattan with her husband, Scott, a businessman who serves as the CEO of a media strategy and design firm based in New York City.
Morris is fluent in French and regularly travels to Paris to visit friends she made while working in the French capital.
Fr Dempsey was born in Carlow Town in 1971, the youngest in his family, having one brother and two sisters, he was brought up in Athy, Co. Carlow.
He trained for the priesthood in St. Patrick's, Carlow College, and was ordained to the priesthood in the Cathedral of the Assumption, Carlow, by Bishop Laurence Ryan in 1997.
Dempsey has served as a curate in Clane, and in the parish cluster of Naas, Sallins and Two-Mile-House, before being appointed to Newbridge.
He was a successor to Adolf Müller senior as Kapellmeister as well as in the field of stage music and often worked together with Johann Nestroy.
His place of activity was the Leopoldstädter Theater, which, after being demolished and rebuilt under director Carl Carl, was renamed the Carltheater in December 1847, where he worked until his death in 1875.
Since he taught her from 1874 to 1875 at the former Vienna Conservatory, his year of death must be after 1875.
The 1898 VFL Season was the Geelong Football Club's second season in the Victorian Football League and its second with Jack Conway as captain.
In the final series, Geelong finished with 2 wins and 1 loss, finishing in second position on the Section B Ladder.
Six players played 17 games for Geelong this season, and, Eddy James again was the club's leading goalkicker with 26 this season.
In a quite competitive season, Geelong's 9-5 record meant that Geelong finished in fourth position on the ladder and, therefore, qualified for the Section B finals group.
In Section B, Geelong had a 2-1 record which meant the finished in second position and did not qualify for the semi-finals.
Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.
After the disfranchisement of the state’s African-American population by a poll tax was largely complete in the 1890s, the Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united, although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support.
With the divisions within the Democratic Party temporarily healed in 1914, the major state issue was the control of Memphis political boss E. H. Crump, who had been arrested and ousted from power for violating state prohibition laws.
Although Tennessee had not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1868, Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes did visit the state – becoming the first Republican nominee to ever visit Nashville – during the first week of September.
No polls were taken in Tennessee until the end of October, when President Wilson was given a clear lead, which led Hughes to concede the state.
As it turned out, Wilson won by more than the poll had suggested, and improved by six points upon the margins achieved by Alton B. Parker in 1904 and William Jennings Bryan in 1908.
Effects from the earthquake were reported in Pleasant Hill, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose, Sacramento, Fresno, Salinas, Chico, Yuba City, And Carson City.
Lennart Moser (born 6 December 1999) is a German footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Belgian side Cercle Brugge, on loan from Union Berlin.
He was conscripted into the German military at the age of 15 during the Second World War and subsequently became a prisoner of war.
He was sent to work at the Abbey of Fontenay in France before starting a career in print and later radio journalism.
The book was controversial in Ireland as the facts of Germany espionage there during the war were not well known, and it caused embarrassment to individuals mentioned in it and to the Irish government which was lobbying to join the European Economic Community and wanted good relations with Germany.
He was conscripted for military service at the age of 15 in February 1943 and served on an anti-aircraft battery in Brandenburg.
He later served attempting to counter the American advance into Germany, hiding in barns or ruined houses when necessary, and once carrying a machine gun on his back for three days to Bitterfeld before eventually being captured and becoming a prisoner of war.
Injured, he spent weeks in a prisoner of war camp before being sent as a civilian worker to a farm at the Abbey of Fontenay in France for three years.
On leave in February 1948, he was at his grandmother's home when she was interviewed by a war reporter who was a friend of his father.
After reading the resulting article, which appeared while he was still in Germany, he realised that he could do that sort of work.
Back in France, he prepared some sample articles that his father sent to various publications resulting in two sheets being printed.
He found the book to be full of errors and resolved to write a more accurate account despite most of the official records of the period being closed, meaning that he relied heavily on personal interviews with witnesses.
It caused embarrassment to the Irish government during a period when German-Irish relations were already under strain due to arguments over German land purchases in Ireland and when the Irish government was lobbying to join the European Economic Community.
Church of the Assumption or Church of Our Lady of Assumption was a Manueline Church in the Portuguese city of Mazagan, currently El Jadida in Morocco.
Walter Tropenell was an English politician who was MP for Lyme Regis in October 1377, 1379, 1385, 1386, February 1388, September 1388, January 1390, and 1391.
The UK Battery Industrialisation Centre (UK BIC) is a new research centre in the United Kingdom, to develop new electrical batteries, for the British automotive industry.
Nana Jantuah was born to Mr. Samuel Afranie Frimpong and Mrs. Mary Adwoa Nyarko and hails from Pakyi No.2  in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.
He worked as the morning show host of Shaft FM in Obuasi during school break while studying in KNUST before joining Light FM, Sunsum fm and later joined Solid FM.
In 2019, Nana Jantuah filled a petition at the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice for a thorough probe into the operations of the Produce Buying Company.
He went to Prempeh College for his secondary education in 2005 and received a Bachelor of Science in Building Technology from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in 2009.
This is a list of original television programmes commissioned and produced for South African free-to-air broadcaster e.tv, as well as their production studios.
Ragip Atar (born July 13, 1999) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as a center for MZT Skopje of the Macedonian League.
Three years later he graduated with a agronomist degree in Alnarp before making repeated trips to several European countries and to North America, Asia and Africa.
He served as a member of a county council from 1935 to 1938, from 1943 to 1946 and from 1951 to 1966.
Dickson was chairman of the board of the British Factory in Gothenburg from 1955 and of the AB Pripp & Lyckholm from 1956 to 1959.
In 1913 he became a founding director Mossay and Co., a company established by Paul Mossay, along with A. Berkeley and Alfred Mays-Smith.
Alfred was chair of the Professional Committee of the German Jewish Aid Committee, in which capacity he helped several German engineer refugees with financial support and help in finding employment amongst his contacts in the engineering sector.
The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Canada (also known as the Holy Metropolis Of Toronto) is a metropolitan archdiocese of the Eastern Orthodox Church based in Canada.
In 1993, the Convents of St. Kosmas of Aitolos in Ontario, and the Virgin Mary of Consolation in Quebec were established.
Hugh fitzBaldric (sometimes Hugh FitzBaldric or Hugh fitz Baldric) was a Norman nobleman and royal official in England after the Norman Conquest of England.
Hugh first appears in the historical record around 1067 when he was the witness to a charter of Gerold de Roumara.
Katharine Keats-Rohan states that Hugh lost his lands after the conclusion of Domesday Book in 1086, likely for supporting Robert Curthose as king against William Rufus after the death of William the Conqueror.
But I. J. Sanders states that Hugh's lands were divided after his death and does not mention any forfeiture of the lands.
It is possible that the Hugh fitz Baldric that was a witness on a charter of Robert Curthose's in 1089 is the same person as the former sheriff.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2013 event featured ten professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on July 7, Harashima earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Shigehiro Irie.
The second dark match saw the team of Sanshiro Takagi, Toru Owashi and Akebono take on the team of Jun Kasai from Pro-Wrestling Freedoms, Antonio Honda and Hoshitango for a spot in the KO-D 6-Man Tag Team Championship match taking place later on the main card.
The next match saw the debut of Saki Akai teaming with Masa Takanashi and Cherry against the team of Yoshiko from World Wonder Ring Stardom, Hikaru Shida from Ice Ribbon and Hiroshi Fukuda.
In the next match, Sanshiro Takagi, Toru Owashi and Akebono, having won first contendership earlier, challenged the team of Kensuke Sasaki, the founder and owner of Diamond Ring, Danshoku Dino and Makoto Oishi for their KO-D 6-Man Tag Team Championship title.
The next match was a KO-D Tag Team Championship match between challengers Yuko Miyamoto and Isami Kodaka together known as , and champions Hikaru Sato and Yukio Sakaguchi.
The first match of the double main event saw the then IWGP Heavyweight Champion Kazuchika Okada from New Japan Pro-Wrestling take on Kota Ibushi in a singles match.
Jean Nguyen is a Vietnamese-American graduate of the United States Military Academy the first woman of Vietnamese descent to do so and among the largest number of women, 107, to graduate to date.
Tam Minh Pham a former Vietnamese soldier who immigrate to the United States and was the first of Vietnamese descent to graduate from the US Military Academy.
He studied at the College of Law of Algiers (), then from 1925 to 1929 practiced at his own law office in Constantine.
In 1929, he moved his practice to Casablanca, Morocco, where he joined young socialists and socialized with the city's Muslims as well as Jews.
A branch of the French communist party was established in Morocco and based in Casablanca, and Léon Sultan served as its secretary.
In 1943, communist activity resurged in Morocco, and Léon Sultan served as the first general secretary of the Communist Party of Morocco.
The club was founded as Halsen Ballklubb on 22 October 1933, and today it has sections for association football and handball.
The 2020 Sydney Sevens was the fourth tournament in the 2019–20 World Rugby Sevens Series and the eighteenth edition of the Australian Sevens.
The sixteen teams were drawn into four pools of four teams, with each team playing the others in their pool once.
The knockout round qualifications were determined by the final pool standings, with the four teams that topped their pool advancing to the semifinals to compete for berths in the cup final or third place match.
The remaining teams had only one further classification match each, based on their position, table points and differential in the pool standings.
The four teams that finished second in their pool were paired into direct playoffs for either 5th place or 7th place.
Martin Zlomislić (born 16 August 1998) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bosnian Premier League club Široki Brijeg and the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team.
He got called up to the first team in June 2017, but didn't make his professional debut for the club until 13 May 2018, which was a 3–1 home league win against Željezničar.
Zlomislić didn't become a first team regular until the 2019–20 season, playing in 18 of Široki's 23 games in the first part of the season.
Kasiri is a former student of the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy, where he reached the Boys' Singles Final of the 2004 Wimbledon Championships.
In 2005, Kasiri was suspended by the Lawn Tennis Association's national training for three-months for demonstrating behavioural problems and lack of effort.
Macledium spinosum is a variable species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, that is endemic to the southern Cape regions of South Africa.
This species can be found from Worcester in the west, eastwards through the Little Karoo and Overberg regions, as far east as Somerset East.
Some authorities consider that these differences are too slight to consider these different species and so separate these taxa as two varieties or two subspecies.
He represented Brazil at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 200 metre individual medley SM6 event.
Shout Out UK have gained media attention for running the 2015 Youth Leaders' Debate, in partnership with Channel 4 and their collaboration with UK Drill artist Drillminister to encourage young people to vote in the 2019 General Election.
The New Statesman have named Shout Out UK's Political Literacy course as one methods of reviving political education in the UK.
Shout Out UK gathered all of the youth leaders of the seven major British political parties in one place to debate politics and youth issues in front of a studio audience and Live-streamed through All4, an online platform owned by Channel 4 News on the 28th April 2015.
The Youth Leaders Debate, hosted by Fatima Manji from Channel 4 News, differed from the main 2015 leaders' Debate by introducing buzzers.
Seven themes were presented to the panellists, each had one chance to 'buzz in' and have one minute protected time for one question only.
Shout Out UK's Political literacy course covers an Introduction to the Politics of the United Kingdom, International Relations (including brief overviews of the European Union, NATO and United Nations), Media Literacy, debating and public speaking.
The course ends with a Speech Night, during which students deliver speeches on issues they are passionate about in front of their parents/carers and local/regional/national politicians hosted at the school.
The organisation aims to enhance students’ ability to influence local policymaking, to engage in activism and to build their overall Emotional Resilience and Confidence.
Due to its work in schools, Shout Out UK's founder Matteo Bergamini was asked to give oral evidence to the House of Lords Citizenship and Civic Engagement Committee, alongside Voter Registration charity Bite The Ballot that led to the report 'The Ties that Bind'.
On the 5th July 2018, Shout Out UK ran an event to ‘hack’ the problem Parliament has with the lack of representation of women, particularly those who are BAME or LGBTQ+.
Despite 2018 marking the centenary of some women being allowed to vote, only 32 per cent of the House of Commons identifying as female that year.
Speakers included Milly Evans; founder of Our Progress Project, Valerie Vaz, the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons and Andrea Leadsom the then leader of the House of Commons.
On June 25, Shout Out UK hosted #PoliFest, a festival bringing together politicians and young people to play sports and debate politics at Brunel University.
PoliFest aimed to bring politicians and young people together through playing sport and to break down the barriers between Britain's youth and the ‘Westminster Bubble’.
The event was attended by both young people and politicians from across different political parties, including MPs Johnny Mercer, Nigel Huddleston and Tom Brake amongst others.
For the 2019 General Election, Shout Out UK partnered with Drillminister, a UK Drill music artist who first appeared on Channel 4 News for his track entitled 'Political Drillin'.
Drillminister and Shout Out UK created a campaign, entitled #NoVoteNoVoice, to encourage young people to register to vote and ultimately vote.
Kostyantyn Chyzhyk (Ukrainian: Костянтин Григорович Чижик) (born June 22, 1991 in Kyiv, Ukraine) is Deputy Minister of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine for European Integration since October 9, 2019.
From 2015 till 2017 - Advisor to Ministers of Finance Natalie Jaresko and Oleksandr Danyliuk / Head of International relations and Communications, Press Secretary of the Ministry of finance of Ukraine.
Coordinated cooperation with all international parties and financial institutions including International Monetary Fund, World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
2017 – 2018 - Advisor to the Governor of Odesa Region / Head of investment, economics and international cooperation at Odesa Regional State Administration.
Secured more than $1 b of FDI, developed and advocated a number of initiatives improving investment climate including concession law, reform of renewable energy sector and lunch of auctions on product sharing agreements in gas and oil sector.
The Gash Group is a neolithic, prehistoric culture that flourished around 3000 to 1800 BC in Eritrea and the Eastern Sudan.
Certain pottery vessels also show connections with other cultures, such as with Kerma, the C-Group, the Pan-Grave and the Yemeni Bronze age.
Finds of Egyptian pottery and faience beads (perhaps made in Egypt) indicate contact to this country as well as to the Red Sea as Red Sea shells show.
There is evidence for food production in the middle of the town on a larger scale, perhaps relating to funeral rituals.
The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir is an upcoming memoir by John Bolton, who served as national security adviser for U.S. President Donald Trump.
Per Bolton's as yet unpublished draft manuscript, William Barr and Bolton had a conversation about concerns Trump had appeared to have undue influence over two Justice Department investigations of companies in China and Turkey; specifically regarding President Xi Jinping with regards to ZTE and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan with regards to Halkbank.
On January 29, 2020 CNN reported that the White House had issued a formal threat directly to Bolton to prevent the publication of the book.
Accepting it, Suárez said that she hoped more actresses and female filmmakers would be recognized in the future of the award.
He represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 50 metre breaststroke SB2 event.
Werner Decker (* 16 July 193*; † 12 June 2017) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Concordia Basel, FC Zürich and FC Basel and the Swiss amateur national team.
Decker started his youth career by Concordia and at the age of 20 he advanced to their first team who at that time played in the Nationalliga B, the second highest tier of Swiss football.
On the 16 October 1960 Concordia played as underdogs in the first round of the Swiss Cup against FC Basel and Decker scored the winning goal as Concordia won 2–1.
The two of them then played just two games together for their new Club, the 10–1 test game on 4 August 1962 win against FC Breite and the 1–9 championship defeat on 26 August against Lausanne-Sport (Hugi one championship game more) and then they both left the Club, Hügi to FC Porrentruy and Decker to returned to Concordia.
Between the years 1964 and 1968 Decker played a total of 42 games for Basel first team scoring a total of three goals.
Nine of these games were in the Nationalliga A, two in the Swiss Cup, eight in the Cup of the Alps, four in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and 19 were friendly games.
During the following years he was also trainer of some local teams, amongst others FC Pratteln, before again returning for a second spell at Concordia.
Even during his terms of management of all the other the local teams, Decker remained as youth trainer or simply as coach for many and various Concordia youth teams.
In the early 1980s, he brought Ertan Irizik to Concordia first team and offered him an apprenticeship in his metal construction company Decker & Co. At some point he brought Irizik's half brother Murat Yakin into first team training, later Hakan.
He was long time owner, together with his first wife Johanna, of his own firm the metal construction company Decker & Co. in Münchenstein until his retirement in 2011.
The 2020 Úrvalsdeild is contested by twelve teams, ten of which played in the division the previous year and two teams promoted from 1. deild karla.
The bottom two teams from the previous season, Grindavík and ÍBV, were relegated to the 2019 1. deild karla and were replaced by Grótta and Fjölnir, champions and runners-up of the 2019 1. deild karla respectively.
The South Africa team of Bobby Cole and Dale Hayes won by five strokes over the Japan team of Isao Aoki and Masashi Ozaki.
Dale Hayes, just 22 years of age and Cole, being 26, became the youngest pair ever to win the World Cup, formerly named the Canada Cup.
It was the second victory for South Africa in the history of the event, since Gary Player and Harold Henning won the tournament for South Africa in 1965.
Garvey was the associate director for international liaison at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, deputy coordinator at the Bureau of International Information Programs at the Department of State and as director of the Office of North Central European Affairs at the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs at the Department of State.
A native of Milton, Massachusetts, Garvey graduated from Archbishop Williams High School and earned a bachelor’s degree from Northeastern University, and her master’s and Juris Doctor degrees from Georgetown University School of Foreign Service (MSFS 1979) and Georgetown University Law Center.
Legal officer of the ONPE, Susana Guerrero, was discharged from the party for irregularities concerning the creation and registration of the party.
The St. James Apartments are located just southeast of the extended former Springfield Armory grounds, at the southeast corner of State Street and Oak Street.
It is a four-story masonry structure, organized in a U shape with its main facade facing State Street and wings extending south.
Bands of cast stone and multicolored and projecting brick courses add interest to the facades, and a cornice separates the first and second floors.
Its construction is representative of the growth of the area's immigrant Canadian population in the city in the early 20th century.
The first Freemasons Hotel in Bridgetown was originally known as the Warner Hotel, located at the corner of Hampton Street and Phillips Street.
Robert Bunning purchased a lot of land at the corner of Hampton Street and Steere Street, in the centre of Bridgetown opposite the Mechanics' Institute.
In 1902, Diprose wanted to transfer the hotel licence to a proposed new building at Hampton Street and Steere Street, but the licence transfer was denied.
Plans for the new hotel were available by May 1903, but a licence for the site was also denied in June 1903.
An opening dinner was held at the new Freemasons Hotel on 4 November, and on 14 March 1905 the hotel was let to Elizabeth Hurst for a ten-year term.
Plans by L. M. Whitney show removal and reconfiguration of brick wall, including the removal of a fireplace, as well as upgrade to the kitchen, preparation room, and toilet facilities.
Further changes were proposed in 2002 in plans by architect D. Singe, to create a liquor store in the hotel, and to add an alfresco dining area to the existing bar.
In 2013, a $86,136 grant from the State Heritage Commission was awarded, covering half of the cost of replacing the roof.
A section of the verandah's support, balcony timbers, and balustrading were damaged in January 2017 by a truck crash, and were replaced later that year.
In December 2007 the title of Chief of Staff was replaced by Chief of Defence Staff and filled by an incumbent.
The fictional Norwegian town of Edda is plagued by climate change and industrial pollution, and a teenage boy with the powers of Thor begins the fight against those that are destroying the planet.
Aamer Khan (born 19 September 1962) is a British cosmetic surgeon, author, television personality, radio host, and keynote speaker, and is best known for being the medical director, lead physician, and co-owner of The Harley Street Skin Clinic.
He was raised in a Muslim household, and his father was a university lecturer who lectured in both English and Politics.
He first attended the Holy Family Catholic School, and then went to John Smeaton Middle School and Ralph Thoresby School Sixth Form.
Outside of his studies, Khan was involved in athletics from a young age, and was elected for his middle school’s rugby team at age 12.
In sixth form he continued to play rugby but took a specific interest in long-distance running, sprinting, long jump and the triple jump.
In September 1981, Khan began his studies at the University of Birmingham, graduating with MB ChB (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) in July 1986.
His post-graduate training took place across multiple subjects: his house jobs in surgery and medicine took place at University Hospitals Birmingham, the General Hospital and at Selly Oak Hospital.
The previous medical career positions he held include Registrar in General Practice (from 1990 to 1991), clinical tutor at the University of Birmingham (from 1991 to 1995), and Physician in Charge at the BUPA Wellness programme (from 1998 to 2005).
His current medical career includes a PCT contract (from 1996), a position as a director of the South Doc Services (from 1996 to 2009), a position as an associate specialist (from 1996 to 2008), a position as a medical director (from 2004-2008), and a position as the principal in General Practice in Bournville, Birmingham (from 1996).
Aside from working in the UK, Khan has also worked in China (on a non-permanent basis) in medicine, and Khan and Reynolds have worked with American pharmaceutical companies to form a distributorship for DCL (Data Conversion Laboratory) and DDF (Drug Delivery & Formulation) to bring products to the UK.
He has authored a book on the latter subject, and discusses these topics in his regular appearances on the television and radio, and in his key-note speeches and newspaper columns.
In 2004, Khan set up The Harley Street Skin Clinic with wife, Lesley Reynolds, becoming its medical director, managing director, and lead physician.
The alleged offer would place a practitioner’s own financial interests above the medical needs of the patients, potentially leaving them open to poor clinical care.
Khan also faced a hearing at the General Medical Council after one of the patients claimed that he failed to obtain the proper consent from them prior to sedation and carrying out the surgery.
It was claimed that he prescribed a dose of Midazolam that was outside of the recommended amount for the patient, and failed to provide adequate care after the operation.
He has spoken at the annual FACE Conference (2005, 2008 and 2009), Aesthetic Medicine Live, Aesthetic Medicine North, ACE, CCR, IMCAS Paris, IAAFA (2009), and CODE (2008 and 2009).
In 2012, Khan and Reynolds were approached by a soldier injured in war for assistance with the physical effects of his injuries.
They focused on not just the physical scarring, but also the psychological effects of military service: as injured soldiers are discharged on a basic pension, emotional and mental suffering are common for those affected by service.
Khan and Reynolds thus sought to encourage the soldier in his passion for driving and karting, and focused on an integrative approach to health and rehabilitation into society.
The charity aims to provide the help not available at Headley Court or on the NHS, and the cosmetic surgery and laser treatment they provide is free of charge for those with shrapnel wounds, blast injuries and burns.
He also spends his spare time reading about genomic medicine and how to improve the general health of the nation, both of which are areas of medicine he specialises in.
On 20 April 2018, Khan received the Health and Rehabilitation award from the British Armed Forces thanks to his charity work for injured veterans.
The Harley Street Skin Clinic was named the Best London Skin Clinic of 2019, the Skin Clinic Of The Year London 2018 (at the Lux: Health, Beauty and Wellness Awards), and Editor’s Choice 2017 for the clinic’s Restorative Miracle Serum (at the Best London Skin Clinic of 2019).
The season was produced by Gristmill Productions with Screen Australia in association with Film Victoria and Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF).
The series follows a group of Grade 5 kids which form a Detective Agency named The Inbestigators to solve crimes in school or neighborhood.
Season 1 is written by Robyn Butler, Wayne Hope, Molly Daniels, Lisa Marie Corso, Maddy Butler, Jayden Masciulli, Bob Franklin, and directed by Wayne Hope, Robyn Butler, Ian Reiser and Nina Buxton.
His mother wanted him to be influenced from a special project, and Mr. Mcgilick says he is taking care of the school's new student, Maudie Miller, and he, Ava and Kyle are impressed with her intelligence that was able to solve a case without question.
This brings the four together and merges an investigative agency called The Inbestigators to solve crimes at school and in the neighbourhood.
At first, they were underestimated by adults for being children, so they always impress them with their cleverness and advanced investigative skills.
In the middle of the season, Maudie loses her special notebook, which she uses for writing the clues for all cases and more things, and gets possessive desperate.
She reveals some photos along with her mom, who died when Maudie was only a child and was one of her last moments before the tragedy.
In the season finale, Maudie is 11 years old and Ava is shocked to realize that Maudie has never had a birthday party.
Meanwhile, the Inbestigators set out to solve a case at the behest of Mauide's father Brian Miller, who missed a letter from a conference in Hong Kong.
Maudie discovers that it was a case invented by Ezra, Ava and Kyle like a form to celebrate her birthday and at the same time, Ava reveals having a surprise party at Maudie's house and she considers it the best day of her life.
In June 2018, was announced the cast for the series, starring Abby Bergman as Ava Andrikides, Aston Droomer as Ezra Banks, Anna Cooke as Maudie Miller and Jamil Smyth-Secka as Kyle Klimson in the main cast.
Also, in recurring roles, has Maria Angelico as Miss Tan, James Saunders as Mr. McGilick, Hannah Johnston as Amelia, Clarke Richards as Mr. Barker, Madeleine Jevic as Miss.
Parides, Eliza Ong as Poppy Banks, Soraya Briggs as Max, Matilda Hardwick as Caitlin, Sienna Foggie as Esther, Ayiana Ncube as Ruby, Marita Wilcox as Miss Maniaci, Hannah Leigh Struckett as Pixie, Milla Bishop as Miranda, Zakariah Rahhali as Mario, Ethan Pham as Diet, Bailey McMilian-Power as Justin, Monty Henderson as Toby, which first appeared in the second season, and Jack Goodsell as Archie.
The series was filmed beginning on July 9, 2018 at Moorabbin Primary School in Melbourne, Australia, which ended in November 2018.
It was opened on July 2, 1984, as a non-gaming alternative to the hotel-casino resorts that are common in the city.
The renovations were the first phase in a project that would have added a casino and hotel tower, although these plans also did not materialize.
Alexis Park opened on July 2, 1984, with 500 rooms, all of them suites and located in a series of white-colored motel buildings.
The 19-acre Alexis Park featured a Mediterranean theme with a country club setting, including greenery and palm trees, waterfalls and streams, and fake boulders.
Alexis Park was built just east of the Las Vegas Strip, and the resort offered free bus shuttle service to the Strip.
Alexis Park also became particularly popular with local residents who would make advanced reservations to stay at the hotel on weekends.
In 1998, Alexis Park made an offer to purchase the adjacent 208-unit Americana Inn apartment complex, located west of the resort, with plans to convert it into a hotel building that would connect to Alexis Park.
No other major resorts were interested in hosting the event, and Alexis Park subsequently hosted other gay events, developing a reputation as a gay friendly property.
As of 2004, Alexis Park had of meeting space, and the hotel had been used as a venue by the Consumer Electronics Show to demonstrate music systems.
In 1999, the resort sued Clark County, Nevada, alleging that a new north-south runway at McCarran International Airport had resulted in noise disturbances for its guests.
The lawsuit also stated that the resort's air space easement had been reduced from 90 feet to 39 feet, preventing any possible construction of additional floors.
In 2003, Alexis Park agreed to put its case on hold until an appeal could be heard on a related case involving a nearby property owner.
In the early 2000s, Richard Alter, of the Los Angeles-based Financial Capital Investment Company, was interested in buying a Las Vegas resort.
Alter said that Habash had many plans for the property but never proceeded with them due to a lack of financing.
The project would also include the demolition of the apartments, to be replaced with a casino, timeshare, and 15-story condo hotel.
During 2004, Alter made various improvements at the resort, including a new $500,000 glass wall entrance, a new lobby, and new hotel furniture.
At the end of 2004, Alter acquired a former mobile home park on 4.7 acres located behind the Americana, at a cost of $10 million.
The project was designed by Joel Bergman, and would also include a 1,500-space parking garage, to be built on the site of the former mobile home park.
Sachiko Eto (born August 21, 1947 - September 27, 2012), known as The Drumstick Killer, was a Japanese cult leader and serial killer, responsible for six murders in Sukugawa between 1994 and 1995.
According to several scholars, the portico would have been located roughly in the center of today's via della Conciliazione; according to others, however, it would have had the same layout as the future Borgo Vecchio.
An indication in favor of the last hypothesis is Borgo Vecchio's width, which was almost everywhere constant with a value of 6.90 m. However, despite the many accounts, during the demolition works for the erection of via della Conciliazione nothing was found hinting to the existence of a covered passage.
The popes always took great care of this path; pope Adrian I (r. 772-95) had more than 12,000 blocks of tufa extracted from the Tiber, widening and repairing the road; Paschal I (r. 817-24) and Leo IV (r. 847-855) carried out restorations after the two terrible fires that devastated Borgo; pope Innocent II (r. 1130-43) renewed the tile roofing of the road.
Assuming that the Portica existed, it should have collapsed during this period, and was never restored, since the popes understood well that any covered passage could have been a precious shelter for enemies trying to assault the castle and to reach the bridge.
Until the begin of the Renaissance Borgo Vecchio and Borgo S. Spirito were the only roads which allowed pilgrims coming from the left bank to reach Saint Peter.
The construction of these two roads solved the traffic problems between the city and Saint Peter, causing in turn the neglection of Borgo Vecchio, which was relegated to the role of a local road.
Due to its diminished importance, the road was less touched than the nearby Borgo Nuovo by the building flurry during the high renaissance: however, some new buildings were erected in that period also there.
In front of the church of Santa Maria in Traspontina, Antonio da Sangallo the younger erected between Borgo Vecchio and Borgo Nuovo the Palazzo delle Prigioni di Borgo, originally designed as home of Protonotary apostolic Giovanni dal Pozzo, and later converted into jail.
The palace was demolished in 1937, but its portal was reused in a new building erected by Marcello Piacentini at Via della Conciliazione n 15.
121-22, which until its demolition showed the coat of arms of the cardinal above its gate, and the oratory of San Sebastiano at Scossacavalli, a dependency of the nearby church of San Giacomo, whose construction began in 1600 and whose façade remained unfinished.
Behind San Sebastiano the road led to Piazza Scossacavalli, whose southern side hosted the palazzo erected by Baccio Pontelli on behalf of Cardinal Domenico della Rovere, nephew of Sixtus IV, now part of the south side of Via della Conciliazione.
The house between Borgo Vecchio and the southwest corner of the piazza hosted in the 15th century two deposed queens: Catherine of Bosnia, which lived there in 1477-78, and Charlotte of Cyprus.
Further west, on the north side, the Cybo, a noble family which reached the papal seat with Pope Innocent VIII (r. 1484-92), erected their houses at the end of the 15th century.
In front of them Francesco Armellini Medici, cardinal of San Callisto, let build its palace, which was later bought by the Cesi family.
In 1788, at the behest of pope Pius VI (r. 1775-99), the hospital of San Carlo, a branch of the hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia, was built on the south side of the eastern part of Borgo Vecchio.
The large building (it was more than 100 m long), later used as a military hospital both under the Pope and after 20 September 1870, was demolished in 1939.
Anyway, at the fall of Napoleon only the first house at the east end of the road had been demolished, and after the come back of the Pope the previous situation was restored.
At the east end of the spina between Borgo Vecchio and Borgo Nuovo, in 1850 a new building, palazzo Sauve, was erected; this replaced a house which had been pulled down during the roman Republic of 1849.
The attentators, Giuseppe Monti and Gaetano Tognetti, two Romans seeking the unification of their city with the Kingdom of Italy, were hanged.
During the 19th century, several buildings of the eastern part of the street until Piazza Scossacavalli underwent restructuring, while the western part could keep its character.At the eve of its disappearance, Borgo Vecchio was a quiet and secluded quarter road, lacking the artistic buildings and the shops of the nearby Borgo nuovo.
This resolution, taken because of reasons of perspective and to avoid the demolition of the Palazzo dei Penitenzieri, facing the south side of Piazza Scossacavalli and parallel to the south side of Borgo Vecchio, allowed the survival of some among the road's main buildings, such as the Palazzi Cesi Armellini and Serristori.
The Brazilian municipal elections of 2020 will take place on 4 October 2020 and on 25 October 2020 (for cities with more than 200,000 voters, where the second round is available).
According to the calendar, the first round will take place on October 4, and the second round, on October 25, from 8 am to 5 pm in both cases.
The 2020 municipal elections will be the first since the general elections of 2018, since they will be the rise of bolsonarism, a movement in support of President Jair Bolsonaro, also, so a new political-electoral dynamic is emerging on the political scene and, in a way, will be an assessment of the President's electoral strength.
The 2018 general elections, in addition to choosing the President of the Republic, the Governors of State and the Federal District, Senators and Federal, State and District Deputies, granted new Mayors to many cities in the country.
14, §6, of the Constitution, establish that:To run for other positions, the President of the Republic, the State and Federal District Governors and the Mayors must resign their respective mandates up to six months before the election.
- Article 14, §6, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of BrasilThus, many Mayors, wishing to run for other positions, had to resign their mandate until April 5, 2018, starting a new management in such Municipalities.
Of the Mayors mentioned above, only one was successful, João Dória, the others, in addition to not winning the elections they disputed, lost their positions as Mayor.
II - election of the Mayor and the Vice-Mayor held on the first Sunday of October of the year preceding the end of the mandate of those who must succeed, applying the rules of art.
- Article 29 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.The election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic will take place, simultaneously, on the first Sunday of October, in the first round, and on the last Sunday of October, in the second round, if any, of the previous year.
The candidate who, registered by a political party, obtains an absolute majority of votes will be considered elected, not counting the blank and null votes.
If no candidate reaches an absolute majority in the first vote, a new election will be held within twenty days after the result is proclaimed, with the two most voted candidates running and the one with the most valid votes being considered elected.
If, before the second round takes place, death, withdrawal or legal impediment of a candidate occurs, the one with the most votes will be called, among the remainder.
If, in the hypothesis of the previous paragraphs, more than one candidate with the same vote remains in second place, the oldest will be qualified.
The election for City Councils uses the system of proportional representation by open list, however, unlike previous elections, there will be no formation of coalitions for Municipal Legislative Powers, so each party will form a separate list.
In 2016, following the EU Regulation 1143/2014 on Invasive Alien Species, the European Commission published a first list of 37 IAS of Union concern.
Jimmy Hill (June 18, 1918 - May 31, 1993) was an American Negro League baseball player who played for the Newark Eagles of the Negro National League from 1938 to 1945.
This version is performed by , which consists of then-AKB48 members Mayu Watanabe, Haruka Nakagawa, Aika Ota, and Natsumi Hirajima, plus Pink Lady member Mie.
The Battle of Puiflijk occurred on 19 October 1794 in the Land van Maas en Waal region of the Netherlands during the Flanders campaign of the War of the First Coalition against Revolutionary France.
The battle took place in three different locations between French troops under the command of general Jean-Charles Pichegru and Coalition forces.
The latter, the Allies, consisted of troops from Great Britain and a French Armée des émigrés force under the Prince of Rohan.
The Allies had fortified themselves in outposts behind the Oude Wetering canal and the dykes of the Maas and Waal rivers.
On 19 October, they attacked the Coalition outposts in three locations: near Appeltern (Blauwe Sluis), Altforst and the Waal dyke near Druten (Puiflijk).
They were brought before a French military court in Ravenstein 21 October 1794, where they were condemned to death and executed for 'treason'.
The English forces were driven back in great disorder; in the action on the Waal dyke, the standard of the 37th English infantry regiment was captured by the Sans-culottes.
On 10 August 2017, the Battle of Puiflijk was re-enacted on a small scale by a team of actors with the help of the citizens of Puiflijk.
Elections in Italy are held at least at four levels: European Parliament, Italian Parliament (composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic), Regional Councils and municipal councils.
Brighid was the daughter of the 12th Earl of Kildare Henry FitzGerald and Lady Frances Howard, daughter of the Earl of Nottingham.
When her father died in 1597 she was sent to live with her grandmother, Mabel Browne, Countess of Kildare, in Maynooth.
She went on to marry Ruairí Ó Domhnaill, Earl of Tír Chonaill at some point after 1603 when she was around fourteen.
There is evidence that her husband tried to have her join him in Europe but that the English authorities prevented it.
He also became a vice-president of the Swiss Federation of Trade Unions, and served on the executive of the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF).
The film stars Bhanu Banerjee, Asit Baran, Rabi Ghosh, Ruma Guha Thakurta, Jahor Roy, Rabi Ghosh, Tarun Kumar Chatterjee in lead roles.
Fed up with the ill-treatment meted out to him and his wife (Ruma Guha Thakurta) by his children, he yearns for an escape from this existence.
When he transforms into a handsome young man after having taken a dip, many are forced to accept the miracle as real and all hell breaks loose.
The plot turns funnier, from a chemist keen to investigate the composition of the pond to his children and their wives changing their attitude towards Sadananda, characters try to make the most of the situation and everything adds up to make Ashite Ashiona an evergreen comedy film in Bengali.
Peter Sospenzo (born December 23, 1956) is an American professional stock car racing crew chief, currently working with Spire Motorsports in the NASCAR Cup Series.
A former NASCAR Busch Series and ARCA Permatex SuperCar Series driver, Sospenzo began working as a crew chief in 1994 with Rich Bickle.
From 1994 to 1997, he worked with Phil Parsons, Joe Ruttman, Lake Speed, Loy Allen Jr., Mike Wallace, and Gary Bradberry.
He later joined Penske-Kranefuss Racing, taking over as Jeremy Mayfield's crew chief during the 1999 season after Paul Andrews was fired.
In 2000, Sospenzo and Mayfield won two races, though the former was also subject to penalties during the year for various infractions.
In May, he was fined following Mayfield's win at California Speedway for a roof height violation, followed by a four-race suspension for using illegal fuel additives during the Talladega Superspeedway race in April.
The following year, the two won at Richmond International Speedway; Nemechek rebounded from a pit miscommunication that dropped him to 25th by taking the lead late in the race and was declared the winner when the event was shortened by rain.
He reunited with Nemechek at Ginn Racing in 2007, but was released when the team merged with Dale Earnhardt, Inc. in July.
A stint at Team Xtreme Racing in 2015 saw his final race as a Cup crew chief—the 2015 Daytona 500 with Reed Sorenson—until 2018.
In addition to being Haley and Spire's first Cup victories, it was Sospenzo's first since the coincidentally also-rain-shortened 2003 Richmond victory with Nemechek.
Gidisu began his political career in 2005 after wining the 2004 general elections with National Democratic Congress (NDC) and served 3 terms.
The Storytellers: New Voices of the Twilight Saga is a series of seven romance-fantasy short films from Lionsgate and Stephenie Meyer inspired by the vampiric world established in Meyer's four novels.
Fans of the series were invited to vote on which characters they would like to see explored in the series of shorts.
Contestants were to pick characters from the universe, and write 5-10 minute long screenplay outlines centered around the character(s) they chose.
The outlines were judged on their central character, originality, ability to translate to a 5-10 minute film, and the number of votes each outline received in the voting period for the judges.
These writers would than each receive a $500 prize, and were to complete their screenplays for the next phase of the competition.
The top 20 finalists moved on to phase 3 of the competition where they all had to write 4-15 page screenplays based on their outlines, and the judges would determine the top 5 screenplays.
The fourth phase of the competition was the directorial pitch, female filmmakers were to submit a pitch convincing the judges why they should be chosen to direct one of the scripts that were picked.
They were judged on their originality, potential to create a short film worthy of conversation and number of votes obtained during the Director Voting Period.
The wildcard winner, along with the five winning short films were evaluated by the judges in consideration for the grand prize $100,000, a chance to shadow a director, and an all new 2015 Volvo XC90.
The short film follows twins Jane as a human, showing a sweeter, softer side of her before she was tainted by the Voluri.
The film follows the groundskeeper of the mental asylum Alice is imprisoned in, trying to help her escape from two new born vampires who are trying to kill her.
The film explores the origin story of Esme Cullen, focusing on the time after her transformation into a vampire and he struggles to withstand her craving for human blood.
With Carlisle by her side, she confronts the memories of her abusive ex-husband in the form of a powerful socialite and overcomes with the saving grace of her brief motherhood.
The film follows Egyptian vampire Benjamin as he is torn away from his one true love, when he is turned into a vampire.
The short film follows Alice after she has her first vision of Jasper, and she goes to the diner from her vision to wait for him.
Canadian rock band Glass Tiger has released 3 studio albums, seven compilation albums, two EPs, two live albums, nineteen singles and six promotional singles.
In 2018 he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 63 kg event at the 2018 European Wrestling Championships held in Kaspiysk, Russia.
Bosom P-Yung is a Ghanaian music artist who is known for his hit single song Attaa Adwoa from the Awiesu Album.
He completed Kumasi Senior High School in 2013 and later graduated from the University of Ghana with a degree in Political Science.
He started his music career officially in 2019 but he has been around doing his own work until his major hit Attaa Adwoa which trended on social media in early part of January, 2020.Before his major hit song Attaa Adwoa he was working with Kwaku Smoke.
Attaa Adwoa single video was recognized by Sarkodie on social media of which he re-posted or shared, he has also made it public that he would be doing a song with him.
The season was produced by Gristmill Productions with Screen Australia in association with Film Victoria and Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF).
The series follows a group of Grade 5 kids which form a Detective Agency named The Inbestigators to solve crimes in school or neighborhood.
Season 2 is written by Robyn Butler, Wayne Hope, Molly Daniels, Lisa Marie Corso, Maddy Butler, Jayden Masciulli, Bob Franklin, and directed by Wayne Hope, Robyn Butler, Ian Reiser, Tim Bartley and Nina Buxton.
The season features guest appearances from Sam Hamilton, Zac Hamilton, Bob Franklin, Laura Dunemann, Eloise Isaac, Zuleika Khan, Sasha Turinui, Dylan Murphy, Diana Lin, Firdi Billimoria, Jess Perkins, Finn Scicluna-O'Prey, Ashton Smith, Shayarna Ellis-Dowler, Sam Winspear-Schillings, Jessica Faulkner, Zenya Carmellotti, Owen Wahrenberger, Julia Grace, Dave Lawson, Syd Brisbane, Amberly Cull, Isabella Dymalovski, Oscar Lidgerwood, Jessica Redmayne, Patrick Harvey, Lily Hall, Roy Marshall and Frances Wang.
The season also marks the first appearances of Monty Henderson as Toby and Zac Mineo as James, which made cameo appearances in season 1.
The Inbestigators are back with more crimes to solve and continue to report their adventures at school and in the neighbourhood, which they post in their blog and became together biggest friends.
In the season finale, Ezra announces that the group will make a commercial, but then, they got interrupted when Ezra's goldfish seems to be missing, and then, they get interrupted for more two mysteries to solve: Sarah Banks, Ezra's mum, lost her ruby earring and a red bucket.
Then, it was revealed that Poppy, Amelia and Ezra's dad did accidentally: Poppy painted with some equipments from Ezra and painted with Michelle's paws, Ezra's dad vacuumed Sarah's ruby earring and Amelia put Neil in the bathroom to leave him with more space.
Since the end of season 1, rumors for a second season began and everyone cherred for it, but nothing was officially confirmed.
In extra videos from the series in ABC Me's official YouTube channel, showed some scenes from new episodes, but no one of the titles was officially confirmed until October 20, 2019, when the first trailer for the season was released, revealing the premiere scheduled for November 11, 2019.
The trailer for the season was released in Decamber 31, 2019, and was released worldwide in January 10, 2020 as one of the first Netflix releases in 2020.
The season marks the returns of Abby Bergman as Ava Andrikides, Aston Droomer as Ezra Banks, Anna Cooke as Maudie Miller and Jamil Smyth-Secka as Kyle Klimson in the main cast.
Also, in recurring roles, has Maria Angelico as Miss Tan, James Saunders as Mr. McGilick, Hannah Johnston as Amelia, Clarke Richards as Mr. Barker, Madeleine Jevic as Miss.
The season features guest appearances from Sam Hamilton, Zac Hamilton, Bob Franklin, Laura Dunemann, Eloise Isaac, Zuleika Khan, Sasha Turinui, Dylan Murphy, Diana Lin, Firdi Billimoria, Jess Perkins, Finn Scicluna-O'Prey, Ashton Smith, Shayarna Ellis-Dowler, Sam Winspear-Schillings, Jessica Faulkner, Zenya Carmellotti, Owen Wahrenberger, Julia Grace, Dave Lawson, Syd Brisbane, Amberly Cull, Isabella Dymalovski, Oscar Lidgerwood, Jessica Redmayne, Patrick Harvey, Lily Hall, Roy Marshall and Frances Wang.
The series was filmed beginning on July 9, 2018 at Moorabbin Primary School in Melbourne, Australia, which ended in November 2018.
The owner and family now have to fight and win in a boxing match challenge, to keep the shop and bring glory back to the business.
She has served as the chief legal council to the National Assembly, helped draft the 1987 Consitution of Nicaragua, and founded the Carlos Núñez Téllez Center for Constitutional Rights.
She was one of the founders of the Asociación de Mujeres ante la Problemática Nacional (Association of Women Concerned about National Crisis, AMPRONAC), which later became the Asociación de Mujeres Nicaragüenes Luisa Amanda Espinoza (Luisa Amanda Espinoza Association of Nicaraguan Women, AMNLAE) and remained on its board for many years.
A radical feminist, who believed that equal rights should prevail for men and women, she was outspoken against the antisodomy law passed by the legislature in 1992.
María de Lourdes Fatima Vargas Escobar, known as Milú Vargas, was born in 1950 in Managua, Nicaragua to Otilia Escobar and Gustavo Adolfo Vargas López.
She had three older brothers and two much younger siblings from her father's remarriage after her mother's death when Vargas was seven.
After completing her law degree, she married and then in 1973 did her graduate studies, obtaining a constitutional law degree from the University of Pittsburgh in the United States.
In 1977, when the FSLN decided to establish a women's organization, Vargas was recruited by Lea Guido and became a founding member of the Asociación de Mujeres ante la Problemática Nacional (Association of Women Concerned about National Crisis, AMPRONAC).
About the same time, she began a relationship with Carlos Núñez Téllez, who was a high-ranking member and though still married, had been separated from his first wife.
By 1982, she was working for the state, as the chief legal council for the National Assembly but was still denied party membership, as the examiners believed that she was using her relationship with Nuñez to acquire her own power.
Vargas, who had continued to serve on the executive board of AMRPONAC, which had become the Asociación de Mujeres Nicaragüenes Luisa Amanda Espinoza (Luisa Amanda Espinoza Association of Nicaraguan Women, AMNLAE) began to feel that the organization was not sufficiently addressing the real issues faced by women, such as family planning, motherhood, violence, unequal pay, and discrimination against women.
Their platform wanted to empower not only women but all marginalized people and aimed at political reform to combat the sexism that had become ingrained in Daniel Ortega's campaign.
Near the end of the election in 1987, PIE members put their support behind the FSLN, but had gained enough influence to press for modifications to the Constitution.
Vargas led the drive to draft the new constitution and was successful in expanding women's rights and gender equality in the newly framed document.
By 1990, she began advocating for a separation between the FSLN and AMNLAE to enable and empower the women in the movement to make their own decisions and implement their own plans of action.
Because the organization received no funding from the FSLN, the organization was able to coordinate actions with a broader network of women's organizations, who might not have the same political goals.
Whereas AMNLAE focused on policies formed in conjunction with FSLN protocols, CONAPRO H-M, under Vargas' direction focused on existing law and interpretations of the constitution, organizing international conferences to study women and law.
The organization published a newspaper and operated a radio program to disseminate new ideas about what roles women had in society.
Using the language of the Sandinista revolutionaries, Vargas argued that women's involvement in politics was a fight against oppression and subordination which could redefine personhood, benefitting both men and women.
In the 1990 elections, Vargas was elected to the National Assembly as an alternate and was appointed as the Ministry of Health's legal advisor.
That year, her husband died and she founded the Carlos Núñez Téllez Center for Constitutional Rights in 1991, serving as its president.
In 1992, she and others from the Center for Constitutional Rights began working on the reform of the statues dealing with rape and sodomy in Nicaragua, as part of the Commission on Women, Youth, Children and the Family established across party lines by the administration of President Violeta Chamorro.
The goals of Vargas and the other women were to broaden the definition of rape, increase the penalties for the crime, legalize abortion for rape victims and delete the penalties for consensual sodomy from the legal code.
In her proposed reforms to the sexual statutes, Vargas insisted that there be recognition that both men and women could be perpetrators or victims of sexual crimes.
Heated debate followed, and though many of the reforms were adopted as Vargas had proposed them, decriminalization of abortion for rape victims and consensual sodomy did not become part of the revised penal code.
Instead, the changes to the portion of the code that dealt with sodomy were amended to provide vague language and penalties that could apply to activists working on behalf of LGBT communities.
The Center for Constitutional Rights immediately filed a brief, challenging the constitutionality of Article 204, but the law was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1994.
She earned her doctorate in Constitutional Law at the Charles III University of Madrid and obtained a master's degree in sexuality and human relations from the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, studying with Fina Sanz.
Season 6 will explore ancestry stories of Jon Batiste, Sterling K. Brown, RuPaul, Jeff Goldblum, Terry Gross, Anjelica Huston, Gayle King, Justina Machado, Marc Maron, Melissa McCarthy, Queen Latifah, Jordan Peele, Nancy Pelosi, Zac Posen, Issa Rae, Isabella Rossellini, Amy Ryan, Eric Stonestreet, Diane von Furstenberg, Sigourney Weaver, Jeffrey Wright and Sasheer Zamata.
Season six will span October 2019 to October 2020 with two new episodes premiering in October 2019, eight episodes premiering in January 2020 and six episodes premiering in October 2020.
Jonie Gabriel (born 30 November 1997) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Canadian club CS Fabrose and the Haiti women's national team.
John Dorset was an English politician who was MP for Lyme Regis in September 1388, January 1390, 1391, and 1395, and mayor of Lyme Regis from 1397 to 1398.
This list applies only to works of public art on permanent display in an outdoor public space and does not, for example, include artworks in museums.
Henry Woolmington Mackenzie Hodges (19 June 1920 – 19 May 1997) was a British archaeologist and academic who taught at Queen's University, Belfast, the University of London Institute of Archaeology, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
He played a crucial role in the developing field of archaeological conservation and the study of ancient artifacts, and the establishment of conservation training programmes in the U.K. and Canada.
Hodges was born at Deddington, Oxfordshire, the son of general practitioner George Montague Williams Hodges and Barbara (née Webber), Hodges went up to St John's College, Cambridge in 1938 to study human pathology, but his studies were interrupted by the onset of the Second World War, and he left in 1940.
Hodges served in the Royal Naval Air Branch, flying as an observer in Swordfishes with the Atlantic Convoys until he was invalided out with tuberculosis.
He taught at a preparatory school from 1946 to 1949, but again suffered from tuberculosis and spent a year in hospital recuperating.
At this time he developed an interest in archaeology, and when recovered studied at the University of London Institute of Archaeology from 1951 to 1953 for the Postgraduate Diploma in Prehistoric Archaeology.
Having completed his studies there, Hodges was appointed assistant lecturer in Archaeology at Queen's University, Belfast, where he began experimental work in early technology and developed his interest in conservation.
From 1957, he was lecturer in Archaeological Technology at the University of London Institute of Archaeology, working alongside Ione Gedye, who had started the teaching of conservation there.
Gedye and Hodges combined the study of chemistry, archaeology, and ancient materials and technology with methods of conservation treatment, alongside practical work on excavated and museum objects.
Having established an international reputation, Hodges was invited to become Professor of Artifacts Conservation at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; there, he succeeded in linking archaeological conservation with an existing programme dedicated to preservation of paper and paintings.
The Algeria–Mauritania border is 460 km (286 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Western Sahara in the west to the tripoint with Mali in the east.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
This culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
In the meantime the French had been pushing south from the Algerian littoral, conquering much of the Algerian Sahara in 1902.
Algeria’s modern borders with Mauritania, Mali and Niger) was agreed upon 7 June 1905 by the Commandant of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Military Commander of the Department de l'Oasis within French Algeria.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
The situation in Algeria proved much more difficult, owing to the large community of French settlers in Algeria, and independence was only granted in 1962 after a bloody war.
In 2018 the first ever border crossing between the two countries was opened, against a background of worsened insecurity in the Sahara region.
Built in 1917, it is a good local example of Colonial Revival architecture, typifying the city's multiunit construction after the introduction of new building codes.
The Wigglesworth Building is located southeast of the extended former Springfield Armory grounds, at the southeast corner of Oak Street and Lillian Street.
It is a four-story masonry structure, organized in a U shape with its main facade facing Oak Street and wings extending east.
The developer was Austin Wigglesworth, owner of a local construction company, who tore down an older multiunit building on the site.
The city had changed its building codes in 1910 to require more fireproof construction materials in larger multiunit residential buildings like this one, resulting in a decline in wood-frame tenement-style housing.
Katumsky sheep was developed around 2013 at Katumy Farm near Vsevolozhsky district of Leningrad oblast, Russia by Oleg Lebed for primarily meat production.
Katumsky are easy care, calm, plain bodied sheep that produce little wool, medium height, strong skeleton, well-developed muscles, wide and deep chest, middle tail and hornless head.
At maturity on average, rams weigh 110 kg (242 lb) and ewes, on average, weigh 80 kg (176 lb) under good conditions.
The South Branch Rahway River flows north north through Woodbridge Township, New Jersey before entering the Rahway River in Rahway, New Jersey, 4.5 miles from the Arthur Kill.
Roger Crogge was an English politician who was MP for Lyme Regis in 1393, 1399, 1402, 1406, May 1413, and November 1414.
He was Assistant Secretary of Labor during the Clinton Administration, and is a member of the Board of Trustees of Tuskeegee University.
Anderson was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and attended Livingstone College, Michigan State University, where he studied with Andrew Brimmer, and the University of Pennsylvania.
Anderson worked for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and then became the second African American member of the Wharton School faculty, and the first to be awarded tenure there.
He was among the founders of the Caucus of Black Economists in 1969, now the National Economic Association, and has served as that organization's president.
He was also inaugural chair of the Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority, vice chair of the Manpower Demonstration and Research Corporation, chair of the Board of Trustees of Lincoln University, and vice chair of the Board of Tustees of Tuskegee University..
Anderson was appointed as Assistant Secretary of Labor for the Employment Standards Administration by President William J. Clinton in 1993, and was confirmed by the Senate for this position in February, 1994.
Command systems in the United States Army refers to electronic command systems implemented by the US Army to carry out important central functions to operation of its units and major commands.
The Integrated Air & Missiles Defense Battle Command System (IBCS) is a new command system which the Army is developing for future use by Army combat units.
The Army Futures Command coordinates teams that manage a variety of central functions, such as networking, aviation, long-range artillery, and unit navigation methods.
The new Army Applications Lab in Austin, Texas, is delving into various forms of disruptive techhnology, which will provide new techniques for planning future combat.
Standard measurements of both sexes are known to be in wing chord length, in tail length, in tarsal length and in bill length.
The union's origins lie in four unions active before World War II: the National Union of Rail, Post, Telegraph, Telephone, Maritime and Aviation, the Belgian Union of Public Service Employees, the Union of Socialist Teaching Staff and the National Union of Civilian National Defense Staff.
These unions ceased to operate during the war, but various branches survived and in 1942 they formed the General Association of Public Services (ASOD).
At a conference on 28 and 29 April, it merged ASOD with several recently-created unions of government workers, to form ACOD.
The union soon became one of the most important in the ABVV, with membership growing from 70,000 in 1945, to 250,000 in 1997.
All public service employees are eligible to join the union, and by 1995, 40% of its members worked in administration, 20% in health, with the remainder divided between the railways, communication, utilities, and other minor sectors.
She made three complete voyages carrying slaves from Africa to the West Indies and was lost on her fourth voyage in February 1803 as she returned to Liverpool after having delivered slaves to Havana.
It is a Grade II listed building (1074061) on the National Heritage List for England, added in 1950 as Wesleyan Chapel, Bishop Street.
It part of collection of listed buildings on Bishop Street around Town Hall Square comprising Leicester Town Hall, Fountain and War Memorial, 7-9, Every Street and Nos 6-8, The Royal Hotel, Nos 17, 19 and 21 Horsefair Street.
Harper is the first Treaty 6 priest to be ordained a bishop.. Harper was born in Paradise Hill, Saskatchewan and spent much of his younger life on Onion Lake Cree Nation.
Captain Joseph Olney (1737, Rhode Island – 1814 Hudson, Columbia County, New York) was a native of Rhode Island and a leading naval officer during the American Revolution who was involved in the Raid of Nassau, Battle of Block Island and the Battle off Yarmouth (1777), among other naval engagements.
On board the USS Columbus (Abraham Whipple) Olney was involved in the Raid of Nassau and the Battle off Block Island.
The Columbus captured the Royal Exchange on 29 August 1776 and Olney was assigned as prizemaster of the ship Royal Exchange and he brought into Portsmouth, New Hampshire on 26 September 1776.
By the end of 1778 he had a crew of 136 men aboard, and the ship was wooded, watered and provisioned.
The Mali–Mauritania border is 2,236 km (1,389 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Algeria in the north to the tripoint with Senegal in the south-west.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Algeria, and then proceeds westwards in a straight line along the 25th parallel north for 172 km (107 m).
It then turns south-east in a long straight segment of some 955 km (593 m), followed by a much shorter straight line further to the south-east for 34 km (21 m), and a straight line to south-west for 94 km (59 m), before veering sharply to the west along a horizontal line for some 409 km (254 m).
The border then briefly shifts northwards, creating a small protrusion of Malian territory encompassing the towns of Labidi and Debai Amati.
Following this, the border then continues westwards via series of irregular lines, as well as following some streams such as the Oumm el Bohoro and the Ouadou.
It eventually reaches the Kolinbiné River, which it follows down to confluence with the Senegal River; the boundary then follows the latter west to the tripoint with Senegal.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
In recent years the border region has became very insecure, due to a rise in terrorism and the war in northern Mali, prompting Mauritania to declare the border a 'no-go zone' in 2017.
It became the home of Sir John Brown, the industrialist, from around 1853 and Brown entertained Lord Palmerston there in 1862.
From 1865 it was occupied by William Bragge, Managing Director of John Brown & Company, who commissioned a large additional wing, designed by Frith Brothers and Jenkinson in the Italianate style, for the house.
It later became a school and mental health facility for children with special needs before being converted for residential use in 2012.
Preliminary results from the 2008 census were released to the public in November 2008 and final results in November 2009, from the National Statistical Office of Malawi website.
According to the 2008 Census, 82.7% of the population identified as being Christian, 13% as Muslim, 2.5% identified as having no religion, and 1.9% had other religions.
The 2020 FIA Motorsport Games was the second edition of the FIA Motorsport Games held at Circuit Paul Ricard, Le Castellet from 23-25 October 2020.
The event was contested in the Olympics-style, but because machine-based or motorized sports are not recognised by the Olympic Games organisation they will not be recognised as an Olympic event.
Holland Meissner (born March 2, 1978) is a Batesville, Mississippi who has hosted her own show known as the Holland Meissner Show.
The IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) is an annual IEEE conference related to security technology, with a particular focus on physical security, biometrics, information security, threat detection, and cyber security.
The 54th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology will be held in Hatfiled, UK, and is scheduled for 2-4 September 2020.
The conference is named after the Carnahan House, a conference center at the University of Kentucky located in Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Jimmie Dougherty (born September 9, 1978) is an American football coach who is currently the wide receivers coach for the UCLA Bruins.
A perimeter intrusion detection system (PIDS) is a device or sensor that detects the presence of an intruder attempting to breach the physical perimeter of a property, building, or other secured area.
A PIDS is typically deployed as part of an overall security system and are often found in high-security environments such as correctional facilities, airports, military bases, and nuclear plants.
Giovanni Carlo is a blended masculine given name that combines Giovanni and Carlo that is often shortened to Gian Carlo, Giancarlo, or Gian-Carlo.
Ripon Parks is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, situated north of Ripon, to the west of the River Ure and to the east of the village of North Stainley, in North Yorkshire, England.
It was once part of the land held since the Middle Ages as a deer park by the archbishops of York and bishops of Ripon.
The site was designated as an SSSI in 1983, because its varied habitats are valued for their breeding birds, amphibians and varied flora.
The site incorporates High Batts Nature Reserve, which is privately run for training, recording and educational purposes, and accessible to members only, except for its annual open day.
Ripon Parks forms part of a tranche of land owned by the Church since the 7th century, when the King of Northumbria - possibly Aldfrith - gave it the Liberty of St Wilfred.
Archbishop John Kemp of York claimed the fishing rights and the warren on this land in 1439; there had already been complaints of poaching there.
From the Reformation, the Church maintained its hold on the land via the Bishop of York, and subsequently the Canons of Ripon.
When hunting, the archbishops originally used Horseman's Lodge, then later they used a summer palace (which still exists as a school) at Ripon, in a deer park called New Park.
Much of the land is still in the possession of the Church Commissioners, who inherited it from the Canons of Ripon.
The Lord Mayor of London owned Ripon Parks between 1649 and 1660, then it reverted to the Church, which retained it until 1926.
The southern section of Ripon Parks passed through several ownerships, and part of South Parks still belongs to Ripon City Golf Club.
It follows a line along the River Ure, from just north of Ripon, North Yorkshire, to a point just east of North Stainley.
Its habitats are all river-related, and include calcareous grassland, pasture, ponds, marsh, scrub woodland, riverbanks and streams, besides the river itself.
It is sited at the north end of Ripon Parks, between the River Ure on the east side, and Hanson's sand and gravel quarry on the west side.
In December 2017, members of Harrogate and District Naturalists' Society (HDNS) recorded yellowhammer, bullfinch, tree sparrow, goldfinch, redpoll, siskin, curlew, buzzard, peregrine falcon, mallard, pintail, goldeneye, goosander, wigeon, teal, tufted duck and a large murmuration of starling.
All the habitats on this site should be protected from potential pollution by pesticide and fertiliser, including that used on adjacent land.
The general principle of management of the river is to protect the wildlife habitat, which consists of the water channel, the riverbank and the vegetation upon it.
The channel's form, including natural obstructions such as waterfalls, should be maintained, and artificial modifications should be restored to the natural form where appropriate, to allow fish breeding and movement of wildlife.
There should be prevention of water pollution where possible, for example, chemicals including phosphorus, and organic pollution, from local and upstream housing, agriculture and industry.
A variety of vegetation such as grass, fen, scrub and trees should be maintained to promote a variety of flora and fauna.
When a pond becomes silted up, or choked with vegetation, it should be cleared or deepened in small sections to allow recovery at all times.
Ponds should be protected from spillages, pollution and entry of nutrients and silt, which would limit diversity of species, or even cause loss of most pondlife.
Marshy grassland should be mowed annually, to prevent a prevalence of tall rushes and grasses with dead vegetation below, because this would limit growth of more delicate plants.
Annual light grazing by cattle, ponies or hill sheep, between late spring and early autumn, is recommended - although this should not be allowed to disturb marsh fritillary butterflies or nesting birds.
It should be maintained such that it comprises various heights and densities of growth, with some areas cut to produce patches of grassland.
The protected habitat sets within this lowland SSSI consist of broadleaved, mixed and yew woodland, neutral and calcareous grasslands, bogs, standing open water and canals, and rivers and streams.
Six of the units were deemed to be in favourable condition: all the river and stream units (15, 16 and 17); one woodland unit (4, Fox Covert); one standing open water and canal unit (7, Black Heath ponds); one neutral grassland unit (10, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust field).
Units 5 (Fox Covert marsh and bogs), 6 (Fox Covert neutral grassland) and 8 (Round Hill calcareous grassland), needed more scrub control and grazing than they had yet received.
In 1982, Ripon Parks had SSSI status but the designation was not yet enshrined in law due to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 which allowed a three-month waiting period between designation and legal protection.
The damage happened because, in spite of a request by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC), the Property Services Agency (PSA) did not inform prospective tenants of the pending SSSI designation.
On 8 May 1982, the NCC informed one new tenant of his obligations of care two days after he had taken over the property, and on 10 May that tenant responded by rotovating the field.
In 2009 Hanson Quarry Products, who ran Ripon Quarry adjacent to North Staining, the River Ure, High Batts and Ripon Parks, made an application to North Yorkshire County Council to extend their works by .
Carmen Ottner (born in the 20th-century in Vienna) is an Austrian musicologist, Theatre studies and General Secretary of the Franz Schmidt association.
Since 1985 she has been Secretary General of the Franz Schmidt Society, has published a number of articles on Schmidt and his environment, and has organized conferences.
Gwen C. Clare (1945–) is the former American Ambassador to Ecuador (1999-2001) and El Salvador (1992-1993) and was Consul General in Guayaquil, Ecuador (1991-1993) and Sao Paulo, Brazil (1997-1999) and was a diplomat-in-residence at the Carter Center.
He returned to Vietnam about a year before the fall of Saigon to North Vietnam where he taught at the military academy before his arrest of imprisonment for nearly six years.
Minh Pham had been accepted to attend Vietnamese National Military Academy in Da Lat but instead joined two South Korean and a Thai student in a congressionally mandated all-expense-paid program to earn a degree from the prestigious military academy.
He served as a Tactical Officer at the Vietnamese National Military Academy from 1974 to 1975 when he and the cadets he led stopped invading North Vietnamese tanks before they fled the academy.
He was summoned by the North Vietnamese for re-education but was instead imprisoned for five years and eight months, along with other soldiers who had been trained in the United States.
Minh Pham and Kim Chi returned to the United States in May of 1991 where he served as a teachers aide at Cardozo High School in Washington DC.
Minh Pham was honored at a dinner where we was presented with a USMA class ring to replace the one taken upon is capture in 1975.
Tam Minh Pham was struck by a vehicle while crossing a Gaithersburg, Maryland street in February 2019 and died from his injuries two weeks later.
The Black Diamond Apple is a rare breed from the family of Hua Nia apples that is cultivated in the Tibetan region of Nyingchi.
The temperature fluctuates vehemently between day and night, with the apples being exposed to a lot of ultraviolet light, which is conducive to the dark skin.
Due to the political unrest in Warri he had to move in with his aunt when he was 10 years old to continue his education.
Edafe's had a difficult childhood and was subject to bullying and death threats due to his sexual orientation and had to move to the United States in 2016 to escape persecution for being gay.
Okporo landed in the United States in 2016 at the JFK International Airport where he was arrested by the ICE and taken to Elizabeth Detention Center in New Jersey where he was held in detention.
After six months his pro bono attorneys at Immigration Equality and Debevoise and Plimpton had him released and got him asylum in the US.
Before moving to the US, Edafe attempted to migrate to the UAE but his sexuality was a problem in the Emirates too.
Okporo formally started his fight against discrimination in 2014 in Nigeria when he was working as an advocate for the LGBTQ community in the country to gain access to health care.
He now works as the Director of RDJ Refugee Shelter in Harlem, New York City where he works to secure asylum for refugees and to protect the rights of the LGBTQ+ community.
He published his memoir Bed 26 – A Memoir of an African Man Seeking Asylum in the United States in 2018 which was also converted into a play in 2019.
Alongside his criticism of the anti-gay law in Nigeria, Okporo is also openly critical of the detention centers in the US and the system that governs them.
B-cells are lymphocytes that normally function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies that, for example, bind to and neutralize invasive pathogens.
THRLBCL is distinguished from the other DLBCL subtypes by the predominance of non-malignant T-cell lymphocytes and histiocytes over malignant B-cells in its tumors and tissue infiltrates.
However, most cases are at an advanced stage at diagnoses: further examinations frequently reveal that the disease has spread to multiple internal organs and tissues.
The course of the disease is usually characterized as being poorly responsive to treatment: the disease's survival rates in past studies have been only ~46%.
That is, some cases of variant NLPHL, which is a relatively indolent malignancy, share with THRLBCL similar disease presentations, histologies (i.e.
Comapared to THRLBCK, however, these variant NLPHL cases are less aggressive, are more responsive to treatment, and have a better prognosis.
These studies allow the possibility that THRLBC, similar to the other subtypes of DLBDL as well as a wide array of other cancers results at least in part from the step-wise development of gene changes such as mutations, altered expressions, amplifications (i.e.
increases in the number of copies of specific genes), and chromosomal translocations that alter the expression of key genes in B-cells to result in the increasingly malignant behavior of these cells.
However, the underlying causes for these gene changes as well as the identity of the genes whose changes contribute to the malignant behavior of the neoplastic B-cells in THRLBC have yet to be defined.
Studies suggest that the latter cells help to create a microenvironment that is tolerant or promotes tumor growth and spread to other sites.
Patients typically present with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, arm pit, and groin areas but on further examination are found to have involvement of their spleen (31% of cases), liver (52% of cases), bone marrow (27% of cases) and lung/or (13%) as determined by finding enlarged spleens and/or livers on physical examination or medical imaging; abnormal results on liver function tests, and/or THRLBCL infiltrates in bone marrow biopsies.
Rare cases of the disease have presented with involvement of the skin (termed primary cutaneous THRLBCL), thyroid gland, thymus, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, jaw bone, nasopharynx, brain, tongue, uterus, stomach, and soft tissues.
The diagnosis of THRLBCL, particularly as it pertains to differentiating it from DLBCL and other lymphomas, depends on examining involved tissues obtained by biopsy or operation for their histology, i.e.
The tissues involved in THRLBCL commonly show an effacement of their normal architecture by a diffusely growing infiltrate of non-malignant T-cell lymphocytes, histiocytes, and neoplastic (i.e.
The malignant B-cells represent <10% of the cells in these lesions and bear resemblances to centroblast, immunoblasts, and/or the Reed–Sternberg cells found in Hodgkin disease, including in particular Hodgkin disease's nodular variant.
The non-malignant T-cells generally have a reactive morphology as indicated by their larger than normal size and irregularly shaped cell nuclei.
The T-cells in these lesions are predominantly cytotoxic T cells as indicated by their expression of T-cell receptor, CD8 T-cell co-receptor, and CD5 cell surface proteins.
Before making a diagnosis of THRLBCL in a pediatric population, congenital and acquired immunodeficiency diseases, which can cause aberrant immune responses with a histology similar to THRLBCL, must be ruled-out.
While the histological features of THRLBCL are distinctly different that those found in other DLBCL subtypes, they can closely resemble, and be mistaken for, those found in the variant form of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
the CHOP regimen consisting of three chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, and oncovin) plus a glucocorticoid, either prednisone or prednisolone) achieve complete response rates of 48% to 85%, 3-year overall survival rates of 50% to 64%, and 5 year overall survival rates of 46% to 58%.
The addition of immunotherapy drug, rituximab, to the CHOP regimen appears to have improved these results: in one study, patients receiving the R-CHOP regimen had a three year overall survival rate of 75%.
Since treatment of the variant form of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma using different and less aggressive drug regimens achieves better results than the regimens used to treat THRLBCL, it is clinically important to distinguish the two diseases.
The Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET), is an entrance examination in India for students who wish to study undergraduate, postgraduate, M.Phil and PhD courses in 14 Central Universities established by Central Universities Act, 2009 in India.
The CUCET is currently conducted by the Central University of Rajasthan but post 2019, the test would be administered by the NTA.
CUCET was first conducted to admission for seven central universities for 1,500 seats in 41 undergraduate, postgraduate and integrated courses from 2010.
(iii) For Admission to some Integrated Programme/MBA/B.Voc./LLB/MCA or any other general ﻿ Programme, only one paper comprising of 100 MCQs covering English language, reasoning, ﻿ data interpretations/numerical ability, general awareness and analytical skills will be held.
Andrew Berry (born March 30, 1987) is an American football executive who is the current general manager and executive vice president of football operations for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).
In 2019, Berry was hired by the Philadelphia Eagles as their vice president of football operations following a tumultuous tenure with the Browns and the firing of Sashi Brown at the end of the 2018 season.
On January 27, 2020, Berry returned to the Cleveland Browns and was hired to be their general manager and executive vice president of football operations.
The second round organisers were drawn and then the pools were set accordingly, following the Serpentine system according to their European Ranking for national teams as of June 2019.
The Mauritania–Senegal border is 742 km (461 m) in length and runs from the Atlantic Ocean in the west along the Senegal River to the tripoint with Mali in the east.
The border starts in the west at the Atlantic coast and then goes east, crossing the Langue de Barbarie spit, and then veers north, utilising the Marigot de Mambatio, before reaching the Senegal river.
France had begun settling on the coasts of modern Mauritania and Senegal in the 17th-18th centuries, gradually extended their rule further inland as far as modern Mali during the 1850s-80s.
As a result of the ‘Scramble for Africa’ in the 1880s, France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
The following year on 25 February 1905 France created a border between Senegal and Mauritania along the Senegal river, which was then described in more detail in a decree of 8 December 1933.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Relations between the two states, initially fairly good, deteriorated in the 1980s due to various disputes along the Senegal river, exacerbated by droughts and long-standing ethnic tension.
The Association of Employees, Technicians and Managers (, BBTK; , SETCa) is a trade union representing white collar staff in Belgium.
The union was founded in 1920, as the General Union of Employees, Warehousemen, Technicians and Travelling Salesmen of Belgium, with about 12,000 members.
It ceased to operate during World War II, but was re-established in 1945, under its current name, as an affiliate of the new General Federation of Belgian Labour (ABVV).
The union grew during the 1950s and 1960s, establishing joint industrial committees across the sectors it covered, and the union led campaigns for early retirement.
The 1970s and 1980s saw more industrial action in protest at cuts to jobs and government spending, culminating in the 1993 general strike.
By 1995, the union had more than 200,000 members, with 25% working in commerce and catering, 25% in production, 20% in banking and finance, and the remainder spread across a wide variety of industries.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
In a mental asylum, 19 year-old Mary Brandon is subjected to torturous Electroshock therapy after she was locked up for having visions of the future.
Macleay Vocational College (MVC), also known as Macleay Valley Workplace Learning Centre Inc., is a secondary school in West Kempsey, New South Wales.
Linda Jewell (died November 18, 2019) was treasurer of the Public Diplomacy Council and for the State Department, served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Mexico and Canada and as the American Ambassador to Ecuador.
Her other public service positions included Director of the Office of Policy Planning and Coordination in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, the Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in San Jose, Costa Rica and as Director of the Office of Western Hemisphere Affairs of United States Information Agency.
Jewell was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, attended Hall High School and was a member of the third four-year class of women at Yale College (Literature Major, Class of 1975).
The Paper and Publishing Industry Union (, CBP; , CLP) was a trade union representing workers in the graphical industries in Belgium.
The union was founded on 1 January 1945, when former members of the Union of Bookworkers of Belgium and the Belgian Typographical Federation came together and established a new organisation.
While always a relatively small union, with a peak membership of 18,017 in 1975, for its first three decades, it was considered strong and highly successful.
However, increased mechanisation and computerisation of the industry led to widespread job losses, and many remaining workers were placed on precarious freelance contracts.
By 1995, union membership was down to only 11,878, and while there was a consensus that it should merge into a larger union, there was disagreement over which one it should choose.
The union's secretariat decided to merge it into the Association of Employees, Technicians and Managers, the amalgamation taking place on 1 January 1996, but the Flemish region instead joined the General Union.
According to the official subdivision of Georgia it is in the Ambrolauri district of the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region of Georgia.
In the elections to determine the 145 seats allocated to U.S. delegates, the Reform movement's ARZA faction won the plurality with 56 seats.
Following ARZA, the Conservative movement's Mercaz faction won 25 seats and the modern Orthodox religious Zionist faction Mizrachi obtained 24 seats.
The 2020 Washington Huskies football team will represent the University of Washington during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Huskies play their home games at Husky Stadium in Seattle, Washington, and compete in the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference.
The Huskies finished 8–5 in 2019, 4–5 in conference play, in a three-way tie for 2nd place in the North Division.
The Algeria–Tunisia border is 1,034 km (642 m) in length and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the tripoint with Libya in the south.
The border starts in the north at the Mediterranean coast, proceeding overland in a broadly southwards directions via a series of overland lines.
In the southern sections of the border straight lines predominate, which eventually veer to the south-east down to the tripoint with Libya.
France occupied much of the northern coastal areas of Algeria in the period 1830-47 and Tunisia in 1881, both of which had hitherto been subject to the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire.
The border from the coast south to Bir Ramane was established by various French decrees, notably those of 1888-89 and 1901-01.
The sections south of this down to the Libyan tripoint was somewhat vaguer, and appear to have been delimited during the period 1911-23.
The two states then confirmed the existing boundary between them by an agreement of 6 January 1960, with relations generally being positive.
Paul Ongili Owino (Babu Owino) is a husband to Frida Muthoni and a father to two children, a son and a daughter.
Antonino Pizzolato (born 20 August 1996) is an Italian weightlifter, and European Champion competing in the 85 kg category until 2018 and 81 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.
In 2019 he competed at the 2019 European Weightlifting Championships in the 81 kg category winning the gold medal in the clean & jerk and total.
Later in 2019 Pizzolato competed at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships, he finished in sixth place with a 358 kg total in the 81 kg category.
It was first attributed to Lippi by Pudelko - he argued it was early in the artist's career due to its references to Beato Angelico's style, but Bernard Berenson later argued that these references instead placed it in a more mature phase.
It was founded on October 22, 1914, in Parkersburg, West Virginia at a meeting of the Federated Women's Clubs of West Virginia.
The organization lobbied the state of West Virginia to create the West Virginia Library Commission, which was established in 1929 and facilitated the growth of public libraries in the state.
iDenfy was founded in 2017 by Domantas Čiuldė and Gediminas Ratkevičius with its headquarters located in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania.
The company won the 2019 Startup of the Week in Lithuania and is currently shortlisted among the top 10 promising Lithuanian-based startups to watch in 2020.
Tracy Davidson-Celestine is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian politician serving as Trinidad and Tobago Ambassador to Costa Rica since April 2017 and leader of the People's National Movement (PNM) Tobago Council since the 2020 leadership election, succeeding Kelvin Charles.
On 26 January 2020, Davidson-Celestine was elected political leader of the PNM Tobago Council, beating incumbent political leader and chief secretary, Kelvin Charles.
New for this year is that one person got to audition for this season already during the final of Idol 2019 in Globen, Rebecka Assio made it through to the final audition in Stockholm.
He was a research physicist from 1944 to 1946 at the University of Michigan, a lecturer from 1946 to 1947 at Johns Hopkins University, and an associate professor from 1948 to 1949 at Northwestern University.
At Johns Hopkins University he was from 1949 to 1954 an associate professor and from 1955 to 1961 a full professor.
As a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1952–1953, he was at the Institute of Advanced Study on leave of absence from Johns Hopkins.
In contrast to the Ising model, the spherical model's spin variable on the lattice can assume continuous values (with the restriction that the sum of the squares of the spins is equal to the number of lattice positions).
The spherical model can be solved exactly in the presence of an external field and shares that property of exact solvability with very few models of ferromagnetism.
Upon his death he was survived by his widow and their sons, Geoffrey N., Dennis A., Michael K., and Alexander L. A daughter died in infancy.
The Libya–Tunisia border is 461 km (286 m) in length and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the tripoint with Algeria in the south.
The border starts in the north on the Mediterranean coast at Ras Agedir/Adjir, proceeding overland southwards and then south-westwards via a series of irregular lines down to the tripoint with Algeria.
For most of the 19th century both Tunisia and the coastal regions of modern Libya (organised as the Vilayet of Tripolitania were part of the Ottoman Empire, though with a large degree of de facto autonomy.
France and the Ottomans established a border on the coast between Tunisia and Tripolitania in 1886, which was then extended southwards down to the vicinity of Ghadames in 1892.
A treaty of 19 May 1910 then delimited the border in greater detail and was then demarcated on the ground with pillars in 1910-11.
In September 1911 Italy invaded Tripolitania, and the Treaty of Ouchy was signed the following year by which the Ottomans formally ceded sovereignty of the area over to Italy.
Italy organised the newly conquered regions into the colonies of Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania and gradually began pushing further south; in 1934 they united the two territories as Italian Libya.
During the North African Campaign of the Second World War Italy was defeated and its African colonies were occupied by the Allied powers, with Libya split into British and French zones of occupation.
In 2011 Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi was overthrown in a short civil war, which occasionally spilled over into Tunisian territory, as well resulting in thousands of refugees crossing the border.
Buchanan's Wife is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Charles Brabin and starring Virginia Pearson, Marc McDermott, Victor Sutherland, and Ned Finley.
The Battle of Leuwiliang was a battle during the Dutch East Indies campaign of the Pacific War that took place between 3 and 5 March 1942.
Australian forces, supported by American artillery batteries and British tanks, launched a holding action starting at Leuwiliang, West Java in order to cover the retreat of allied Dutch forces in face of the Japanese invasion of Java.
Following a Japanese landing and a general collapse of Dutch KNIL resistance, Australian forces in Java led by Brigadier Arthur Blackburn prepared a defensive line ahead of a destroyed bridge in the village of Leuwiliang.
Despite inflicting heavy Japanese casualties and delaying the Japanese advance for three days, Australian forces were eventually forced to withdraw towards Buitenzorg, and later further abandoned the city before capitulating after a general surrender of the Dutch forces on 8 March.
After a victory in the Battle of the Java Sea, Japanese land forces landed in the island of Java in three main locations, with the primary force of the invading Sixteenth Army landing near Merak in the early hours of 1 March 1942.
One of the units in this landing, also known as the Nasu Detachment, was led by Major General Yumio Nasu and was part of the 2nd Division.
This particular detachment was assigned the task of advancing rapidly to secure river crossings and capture the city of Buitenzorg (today Bogor) to cut off potential Dutch retreat from Batavia to Bandung.
The total number of Japanese soldiers landing in Java was roughly 25,000, opposing a similar number of Dutch soldiers, and they did not face significant resistance in their landing operations.
By 7 AM on the same day, they had captured Serang, and despite some delays due to the Dutch demolition of bridges, they had reached the town of Rangkasbitung by morning the following day.
However, the Dutch had understimated the speed of the Japanese advance, and before Dutch forces could establish a defensive line on the Tjiudjung River at Rangkasbitung, Japanese units had bypassed the river and forced the Dutch to retreat further, towards Leuwiliang on the Tjianten River.
During their retreat, the Dutch forces demolished a bridge crossing the Tjianten River, but did not demolish another crossing further to its west, to Blackburn's chagrin as this restricted the ability for his unit to maneuver against the Japanese advance and forced him into a defensive battle.
Leuwiliang had been previously designated as a base for offensive and defensive warfare in West Java in Dutch strategy, and the Japanese invaders were aware of this.
Blackforce consisted of roughly 3,000 men - a brigade-sized unit - but roughly half of them were non-combat soldiers such as cooks, medics and drivers.
Blackburn organized his men into three battalions - 1st battalion mainly consisting of a preexisting 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion, 2nd mainly made up of the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion, and a 3rd battalion made up of engineers, soldiers who escaped the defeat in Singapore, and some additional reinforcements.
They were also supported by three batteries of the American 2nd Battalion/131st Field Artillery Regiment, the only American ground unit in the Dutch East Indies campaign and was commanded by Lt. Col. Blucher S. Tharp.
The Pioneer Battalion, the best unit in the Blackforce, was placed in the front line of Leuwiliang's defenses (east bank of the Tjianten River) with two companies defending the road and two in reserves, while the Machine Gun Battalion were stationed in the flanks and in supporting positions.
The Nasu Detachment contained two Regiments - the 16th Infantry and the 2nd Reconnaissance - with supporting units including an artillery battalion and a tank squadron.
In the afternoon of 3 March, the advance armored car units of the 2nd Reconnaissance Regiment arrived in the vicinity of Leuwiliang, and found the demolished bridge shortly before the Australian defenders on the opposite bank opened fire with machine guns and antitank rifles, destroying the leading vehicles.
The Regimental Commander, Noguchi Kin'ichi, deployed his units - two infantry companies forming the front line and two as reserves, and planned to cross the river south of the demolished bridge before launching a surprise night attack on the Australian positions.
Blackburn anticipated this flanking maneuver, and stationed the C company from his Machine Gun battalion south of his positions, supported by one of the American artillery batteries.
In an unfortunate turn of events for the Australians, the company commander and two of its four platoon commanders disappeared after leaving on an armored car patrol.
Before the execution of Kin'ichi's plan, other elements of the Nasu Detachment (mainly the 16th Infantry Regiment) began arriving in Leuwiliang and reinforcing the Japanese position.
As the night came, Nasu overrode Kin'ichi's plan to employ his regiment for the night raid, substituting the 16th regiment instead - as he judged that Kin'ichi's regiment had taken a significant amount of fighting after their landing.
The 16th regiment's commander then ordered its 3rd battalion to make a crossing of the Tjianten three kilometers south of the bridge, supported by an artillery company and with the 2nd battalion as a reserve.
The 3rd battalion's advance units crossed the river first, and the rest of the battalion arrived at the crossing point sometime after midnight.
The Australians had managed to spot the southerly movement of the Japanese units during the night due to lights from their trucks.
As the Japanese were advancing to make their flanking maneuver after crossing the river, Australians from the C company opened fire on the unit, causing significant casualties including one of their company commanders and injuring the regimental commander.
In response, the Japanese sent in their reserves and deployed two additional companies in the fighting, but could not initially break through or flank the Australian lines.
The B company of the Australian Machine Gun Battalion and the A company of the Pioneers were also deployed to support the C company.
After some more fighting in the surrounding paddy fields and an artillery barrage from Japanese guns, Japanese units managed to outflank the Australians and by 4 PM Blackburn ordered the C company to withdraw.
By night, Blackburn ordered for the reduction in the rate of fire, to reduce the likelihood of his retreat being detected by the Japanese (reminiscent of Gallipoli), and as they received news of the successful Dutch retreat from Batavia, he ordered a full withdrawal which was completed by 2:15 AM on the 5th.
During the battle, the Blackforce had sustained under 100 casualties, but reported that they had killed 500 Japanese soldiers - 300 by the Pioneer Battalion and 200 by the Machine Gun Battalion.
After withdrawing to Buitenzorg, the Blackforce withdraw further to Sukabumi, where they attempted to set up an organized defense but eventually broke and its component units dispersed into hills south of Bandung between 6 and 7 March, where within days the survivors were rounded up by Japanese soldiers.
By 7 March, the Japanese had penetrated the Dutch defensive line in the north of the plateau following the Battle of Tjiater Pass, prompting the Dutch to capitulate.
Franceschi Park is a located on the north side of Mission Ridge Road, near the intersection of Francheschi Road in Santa Barbara, California.
The park is endowed with an elevated southerly orientation, which allows visitors a clear panoramic view of the City of Santa Barbara's coastline and the Channel Islands.
Dr. Franceschi operated a plant nursery on lower State Street and was renown for the introduction of many practical plants and fruits that were adapted to the local climate.
Frederick Sessions Beebe (February 20, 1914 - May 1,1973) was an American lawyer and chairman of the board of The Washington Post Company.
In 1931 he matriculated at Dartmouth College graduating in 1935 and later attended Yale Law School where he received his degree in 1938.
After completion of the transaction Phil Graham, owner of company, asked Beebe to accept the position of Chairman of the Board of the Washington Post Company and oversee Newsweek from New York.
Wrestle Like a Girl is a non-profit founded by Olympic wrestler Sally Roberts, focused on empowering girls and women through increasing opportunities in female wrestling.
Wrestle Like a Girl was originally founded in Colorado by Sally Roberts to provide resources for women seeking to wrestle in college.
The organization argues that being an NCAA sport would allow female wrestlers to receive scholarships, health insurance, and other benefits currently only available to male wrestlers.
In 2018, WLAG partnered with UFC fighters Jessica-Rose Clark and Gina Mazany to host a wrestling clinic in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Since 17 January 2020, heavy rainstorms in the Southeast Region of Brazil have caused widespread flooding and landslides in the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro.
As of 30 January 2020, at least 68 people have died with 18 still missing, and an estimated 30,000 to 46,500 people have been displaced from their homes.
Heavy rainfall began on 17 January 2020 and led to flash flooding and landslides in the south-east of Brazil, flooding to many houses and neighbourhoods.
In the state of Minas Gerais, more than 15,000 people were evacuated as a result of the heavy rain and subsequent flooding.
The Brazilian federal government allocated $20 million for relief efforts in the affected regions while the state government of Minas Gerais allocated up to $80 million.
The southern Brazilian regions of Paraná, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul are expected to see the highest risks of flooding.
He grew to love blues music and hosted a weekly blues show while working as a late night FM DJ in Madison, Wisconsin.
His shows also included R&B and rockabilly, as well as Patti Smith, Television—and The Ramones, whose debut album got Morris fired when he played it in late 1976.
The beginning of the program was the performances of 3 young bands, the winners of the European Radio for Belarus contest (Belarus).
The departure of the participants at the first festival in September 2007 was accompanied by their preventive detentions on the Belarusian side.
Anna von Szent-Ivanyi (19 January 1797 - 28 January 1889) was a German-Hungarian noblewoman who became the owner of a successful winery in Deidesheim.
She never married, and in her later years became an important benefactress of the town's and of the Latin school with which it shared its site.
, her father, was an aristocratic army officer of Hungarian provenance, serving in the Imperial Army: his presence in the Rhineland was a result of the French revolutionary wars.
His wife, born Maria Anna Tillmann, who was Anna's mother, had been a widow when she had married Johann von Szent-Iványi.
The relationship was an important one because after she grew up Josephine Stengel married , the town's mayor, who later became a member of the of the after the region was handed over to Bavaria in 1816.
All this meant, put simply, that Anna von Szent-Ivanyi was well connected from the moment of her birth, and the value of her family connections increased further through the on-going success of her step half brother-in-law, the businessman-politician .
Anna von Szent-Ivanyi moved in 1824 to be near her relatives in Deidesheim, then as now regarded an exceptional location for winegrowing due to the favourable effect on the climate of shelter from nearby hills to the west and the moderating impact on temperature extremes from the River Rhine to the west.
He (step half-) brother in law now bought for her twenty morgens of the town's best vineyards, which made her one of the most important wine producers in the district, and a wealthy member of the local business community.
Her disposable wealth was significantly increased by a major auction she arranged which took place on 22 April 1858 of wine that had been produced, accumulated stored at her winery.
On 17 March 1879 she created a large endowment in favour of the which was evolving and expanding to serve the community not simply as a basic hospital, but also as an asylum, a retirement home, overnight hostel and, in time of war, military hospital and convalescence institution.
Both on account of the growth of the wine business in western Europe through the middle decades of the nineteenth century and because of the fecundity of her relatives, by the time of her death, aged 92, in 1889 Nanette von Szent-Ivanyi was a well-networked member of a leading family in the Deidesheim region.
Among her more noteworthy kinsfolk were the statesman Heinrich von Gagern(1799–1880), the high-profile Catholic convert and priest, and the economist-politician in nearby Edesheim.
The film stars Roby Attal, Lauren Hatfield, Alejandro Rose-Garcia, Eman Esfandi, Steve Brudniak, Brently Heilbron, Pierce Foster Bailey, Katherine Willis, Ulysses Montoya and Carlos Gallardo.
According to the website Rotten Tomatoes, 67% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 6.17/10.
The FIG Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships, or FIG World Junior Artistic Gymnastics Championships, are an artistic gymnastics competition organized by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG).
If they choose to compete at the junior worlds, they won't be able to compete at the senior ones, and vice versa.
The programme of the junior worlds comprises eight boys' (team, all-around, floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, horizontal bar) and six girls' disciplines (team, all-around, floor exercise, vault, uneven bars, balance beam), with a total of 14 sets of medals at stake.
The flower is reddish-purple and up to long, with five petals fused into a tube, the upper lip being slightly shorter than the lower lip.
The flowers are pollinated by honey bees and bumblebees; these land on the lower lip, which droops under their weight allowing them to thrust their head inside the flower and extract the nectar, getting powdered with pollen at the same time.
On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 100% based on 52 reviews, with an average rating of 8.06/10.
In 1985, the band name has been changed to the C-C-B with the Watanabe's explanation for ordinary people to find it easier to read and remember them.
The single debuted at number 2 on the Oricon Weekly Single Rankings and remained at number on number 5 on Yearly Rankings.
The single was rewarded as one of the best songs of the year along with the best arrangement of the year in the 27th Japan Record Awards.
While the original single version is performed by bassist Watanabe, the album version has different arrangement and is performed by Sekiguchi.
In Best Ten rankings, it debuted at number 2 on weekly rankings and remained on number 36 on 1986 Yearly Rankings.
In the Best Ten rankings, it also debuted at number 2 on weekly charts and remained at number 28 on Yearly Charts.
The single debuted at number 1 on Oricon Single Weekly Charts, became their first single which debuted at number 1 weekly charts.
On Best Ten rankings, it debuted at number 6 on weekly rankings and remained at number 35 on the Yearly Charts.
In the Best Ten rankings, the single debuted at number 3 on weekly charts and remained at number 78 on Yearly Charts.
With the less television appearances and lower position in the weekly charts, the band has felt their weakness in the popularity with the following three final singles and change to their music style.
Yonekawa started his solo career in the 1990s with the vocal-guitar albums and with the following new century released only guitar solo music works.
Ryu had small success with his solo career, however in the end of century decided to distance with the music activities.
With the increasing popularity of the song, it was used as a regular song to the television drama series Densha Otoko.
In 2008, the band renuited for the first time in 19 years only with the three former members - Sekiguchi, Watanabe and Ryu and performed live in the Osaka, Tokyo and Nagoya.
On 2 July, Taguchi was arrested for the drug possession and on 13 July, Watanabe passed away in the age of 55 due to multiple organ failure.
Malinowski was the US Consul in Kabul at the time of Ambassador Spike Dubs murder and was one of the people to rush to the hotel where he was being held after his kidnapping and before his death.
William Raymond Corson (September 25, 1925 – July 17, 2000) was an American author, a veteran of the United States Army and a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Marine Corps.
He was an expert on counterinsurgency warfare and served the majority of his career as an intelligence officer on special assignment with the Central Intelligence Agency.
After the war he again pursued higher education, obtaining a master’s degree in business and economics from the University of Miami and later a doctorate in economics from American University.
In this role, Corson gained contacts at the highest level U.S. decision making in regards to the war in Southeast Asia.
Corson was sent to Vietnam in 1966, initially commanding a Marine Corps tank battalion before being given command of the Combined Action Program (CAP) the following year.
Returning to the United States in 1967, he was given another sensitive assignment as deputy director of the Southeast Asia Intelligence Force, a role in which he worked closely with the Central Intelligence Agency.
Brazilian auction as a variation of Dutch auction is introduced by Portum AG for Linde plc in the context of selling gas in Brazil.
It is found in northwestern South America, the region of the western Amazon Basin, in the countries of northwest Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru.
The district also includes East Irvington, an unincorporated area of the Town of Greenburgh, and the Pennybridge section of Tarrytown, Irvington's northern neighbor.
The school system – the student population of which was around 1,900 in 2013 and 1,775 in 2018 – is known for its small class size and emphasis on academics; and about 98% of graduates go on to higher education.
In 2012, the average SAT scores were 571 (reading), 583 (math) and 573 (writing), compared to the statewide averages of 496.
514 and 488, and 74.7 percent of fourth grade students met state standards in English, and 66.1 percent in math, compared to statewide averages of 30.3 and 36.3 percent.
In 2017, 74% of the school system's fourth graders met state-wide English standards, and 80% met the standards for math, as opposed to 41% and 43% for the state as a whole.
In 2016, Niche.com, a rating and ranking website, listed Irvington High School as the #83 high school in New York, and #595 in the country.
In January 2017, Niche rated the Irvington school system as #29 among all the public school systems in New York state.
Bakhsh Khan Mahar contested by-election on 23 July 2019 from constituency NA-205 (Ghotki-II) of National Assembly of Pakistan on the ticket of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarian.
Olujimi James Ayodele Olayinka (born 5 October 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays for Northampton Town, on loan from Arsenal, as a midfielder.
Callum Damian Peter Morton (born 19 January 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays for Northampton Town, on loan from West Bromwich Albion, as a striker.
Born in Torquay, England, Morton joined the youth academy of Yeovil Town in 2015 signing a two-year schlarship in February 2016.
In January 2017, after scoing against them the previous month in Yeovil's 3–2 FA Youth Cup victory, Morton signed for West Bromwich Albion for an undisclosed fee.
Dorothy Hannah Cox (1892-1977) was an American archaeologist and spy known for her work in excavation architecture and numismatics, and for engaging in espionage during World War II.
Born in 1892, Cox was the daughter of Lewis J. Cox, and was the sister of American inventor and businessman Frank Cox.
Cox was involved in Hetty Goldman's excavation of the ancient Greek cities of Eutresis and Colophon from 1924 - 1927 as architect and trench supervisor.
Cox also assisted J.P. Harland in processing the archaeological finds and making detailed drawings of the architecture at Tsoungiza, a Late Bronze Age site in Greece.
Cox was selected by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) to join the Greek Desk led by American archaeologist turned spy-ringleader Rodney Young.
Cox had been recommended by Young, who found her to be reliable and cooperative, and whose work compared favorably with those of the men selected to join the operation.
To prepare for this mission, Cox was briefed in skills related to field espionage, including covert communications, cryptography, identifying German and US military equipment, interpreting and creating intelligence reports, and firearms training.
The British Chief of Middle East Relief and Rehabilitation advised Cox to remain in Cairo, saying that she could only be of use if she worked under him in Egypt.
While in Izmir, she reported to her superiors and colleagues in Cairo, Washington, D.C. and the Office of Naval Intelligence on the activities of enemy deserters, Greek refugees, and special agents who ended up in Turkey.
Cox operated Turkey under the pretense of being a civilian relief worker with the Greek War Relief Association, and interviewed refugees in Sinai Peninsula, Aleppo, and Beirut.
Despite her effectiveness as a spy, Cox was only paid secretarial wages and was repeatedly denied supplies and support by her superiors Washington, D.C.
After the conclusion of the war in 1945, Cox returned to the US where she became the curator of coins for Yale University.
During the 1950s and 1960s, Cox reunited with some of her colleagues from the OSS on excavations in Gordium, Turkey and Balkh, Afghanistan.
Computer programs called bots have often been used to perform simple and repetitive tasks, such as correcting common misspellings and stylistic issues, or to start articles such as geography entries in a standard format from statistical data.
One controversial contributor creating articles with his bot was reported to create up to 10,000 articles on the Swedish Wikipedia on certain days.
Additionally, there are bots designed to automatically notify editors when they make common editing errors (such as unmatched quotes or unmatched parentheses).
Bots are able to indicate edits from particular accounts or IP address ranges, as occurred at the time of the shooting down of the MH17 jet incident in July 2014 when it was reported edits were made via IPs controlled by the Russian government.
According to Andrew Lih, the current expansion of Wikipedia to millions of articles would be difficult to envision without the use of such bots.
Lawrence R. Jacobs (born March 6, 1959) is an American political scientist and founder and director of the Center for the Study of Politics and Governance (CSPG) at the University of Minnesota.
He was appointed the Walter F. and Joan Mondale Chair for Political Studies at the University of Minnesota’s Humphrey School of Public Affairs in 2005 and holds the McKnight Presidential Chair.
Jacobs has written or edited, alone or collaboratively, 16 books and over 100 scholarly articles in addition to numerous reports and media essays on American democracy, political communications, health care reform, and economic inequality.
His father, Henry Jacobs, served in the U.S. Army and worked in New York City as a stenographer, opening his own firm.
He used American and British archival evidence to demonstrate that the preferences of citizens along with the organization of interest groups and the administrative capacity of government institutions were critical factors in accounting for the cross-national differences.
The book stated that the motivations of politicians during the 1980s and 1990s shifted from responding to majority opinion to crafting the words, arguments, and symbols to change public opinion to support the policies political elites and their allies and donors favored.
Citing polls and other evidence from presidential archives, they reported that presidents starting with Lyndon Johnson used their private research on public opinion to design arguments and personal images to build personal popularity and win elections in order to defy the policy preferences of most Americans.
Jacobs’s investigation of the sources of U.S. international economic and foreign policy confirmed the pattern of weak government unresponsiveness to the policy preferences of most Americans.
Jacobs has published books on the passage of Medicare in 1965, the enactment of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, and the failure of Bill Clinton’s effort at health reform in 1993-94.
Professor Jacobs’s research has received a number of awards as well as grants from, among others, the National Science Foundation, Ford Foundation, Pew Charitable Trusts, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the McKnight Foundation.
In 2005, Jacobs founded the Center for the Study of Politics and Governance (CSPG) at the University of Minnesota’s Humphrey School of Public Affairs.
Under his direction, it has become a regional hub for research and initiatives to strengthen democratic institutions and civic engagement, with a mission to foster conversations and collaborations across the partisan divides in Minnesota and America.
It also runs an iconic leadership development program called the Policy Fellows, which has supported Minnesota’s civic culture for three decades.
The Center also works closely with legislators in Minnesota by convening an annual one-day retreat of the entire legislature known as One Minnesota.
American Democracy, the organization's first formal task force in half a century on the consequences of rising economic inequality for American democracy.
The Task Force’s report in 2005 spurred increased media attention, research, and teaching on the political effects of rising economic and racial disparities.
Their course concentrated on the U.S. Constitution and national security and tracked the growing pattern across Democratic and Republican administrations of unilateral exercises of executive power since the Second World War.
It is believed that Yura-Gozen, also known as Urahime, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori, was married to Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123-60) and their son Minamoto no Yoritomo was born here in 1147.
Natalie E. Brown is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Counselor, who has served as the Chief of Mission and Chargé d’Affaires of the U.S. Embassy in Asmara, Eritrea, since September 2016.
Circa 2003 Lauren Allan, who attended AFUSD schools, began working as an administrator in the district, and she later became its superintendent.
Pius Fasinu obtained his Bachelor of Pharmacy at Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, and his Master of Science in Medicine (Pharmacy) at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa where he focused on Biopharmaceutics.
He proceed to the University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa to obtain a Ph.D. in Pharmacology where he focused on pharmacology, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
From September 2013 through May 2017, he was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford.
There are a total of 24 other buildings on the grounds which are also part of the Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District.
Frances lectured at Murdoch University in 1987–88 before moving to the University of Auckland, where she spent three years as lecturer.
In 1992 she was appointed lecturer at the University of New South Wales, later being promoted senior lecturer and then associate professor and head of the School of History.
Frances became dean of College of the Arts and Social Sciences and professor of history at the Australian National University in 2017.
In addition to her university positions, Frances has been a council member of the National Museum of Australia and board member of the Council for the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences.
Squadron Leader Hugh Kennard DFC left the RAF in 1946, and became a director of Silver City Airways, as well as setting up his own company, officially named Air Kruise (Kent) Ltd.
Air Kruise’s first aircraft was a Miles Messenger 2A, the first civil example of the model to be produced after World War II, which was delivered to Kennard’s base at Lympne Airport, Kent, in August 1946.
Over the next few years the fleet slowly expanded first with an Airspeed Consul, further light aircraft, and from 1950, De Havilland Dragon Rapides.
The airport was reopened on 27 June 1953, and it became Air Kruise's main base, while some operations remained at Lympne.
Air Kruise was granted a licence to operate a summer season route from either Lympne or Ramsgate to Birmingham, and they chose Ramsgate.
Silver City, who were by far the major users of the airport with their Bristol Freighter car ferry service, therefore decided to build their own airfield at Lydd.
Just seven months after that decision, and named Ferryfield, the new airport opened on 13 July 1954, with some of the airline’s operations moving from Lympne immediately.
On 1 May 1954 Air Kruise had been taken over by British Aviation Services (BAS), trading as Britavia, who owned Silver City Airlines.
It was now starting to operate Douglas Dakota aircraft, and in the summer of 1955, as Trans Channel Airways, operated two daily routes - Lydd – Le Touquet (six return flights per day) and Lydd – Ostend, Belgium (three returns per day).
A notable charter operation by Air Kruise during this period was the first ever licensed Inclusive Tour (IT) flight from Manchester Airport.
On 29 May 1955 it operated Dakota G-AMYV to Ostend, the first of what has developed into Manchester Airport’s main source of business.
In September 1955 Air Kruise placed a provisional order for six Handley Page HPR3 Heralds (powered by four Alvis Leonides Major piston engines).
In 1957 Air Kruise was operating a route called Blue Arrow between Lydd and Lyon Bron Airport as part of a coach – air – rail package between London and the south of France.
Wing Commander Kennard (he had been promoted when he joined the Royal Auxiliary Air Force in 1949) became Silver City’s deputy managing director.
In the line of what the manufacturer calls LMW - Leaning Multi Wheel - the Tricity with 125cc already appeared in 2014.
The basic concept are the two front wheels moving in conjunction with each other when the vehicle body is tilted, while the body can be moved like a normal motorcycle.
<br>The application of the Road Traffic Act and the Road Act is equivalent to that of motorcycles, and the legal maximum speed is 60 km / h on general roads and 100 km / h on national highways.
The bike is equipped with a water-cooled in-line three-cylinder engine, mechanically identical to the sports naked Yamaha MT-09 and Tracer 900, while the gear ratio and the ECU setup were changed.
<br>The bike is also equipped with cruise control, assist sleeper clutch, quick shift system, traction control system (TCS), and driving mode switching function.
The Niken arranges the front fork outside, in order to allow a bank angle of 45 degrees, and thus higher corner speeds compared to the Tricity - the first LMW bike - which has the front fork inside.
It is mounted outside the wheels to allow maximum lean and comprises two upside-down fork legs per side – a 43mm rear leg with adjustable preload and damping, and a 41mm front leg that just holds the assembly in alignment.
They realize the Ackermann steering geometry, similar to most cars, whereby the inside wheel turns progressively more than the outside, as it traces a smaller radius in each corner.
The additional mechanics lead to 263 kg weight, around 70 kg more than the classical MT-09 motorcycle with the same basic engine.
Each episode focused on one composer, and Hartman chose works by Billy Strayhorn (originally broadcast November 7, 1976) and Cole Porter (originally broadcast March 13, 1977).
Learning to Skateboard in a Warzone (If You're a Girl) is a 2019 British documentary short film directed by Carol Dysinger.
The film is about Skateistan, a nonprofit organization, which started as a skate school in 2007 for girls from impoverished neighborhoods learning to read, write, and skateboard in Kabul, Afghanistan, where young women are not allowed to participate in sporting activities.
The Asian Sudoku Championship (ASC) is an annual international sudoku competition organised by a member of the World Puzzle Federation (WPF).
In the individual championship, Seungjae Kwak of South Korea, Kota Morinishi of Japan and Sun Cheran of China, each has won one title.
A critical part of financial planning, it is supposed to ensure one's personal finances are prepared for any emergency so that the risks of becoming dependent on credit, falling into debt, or running out of money in general are reduced if such a situation were to occur.
Emergency funds may be used in the case of job loss, medical emergencies, automobile problems, home appliance repairs/replacements and unplanned travel expenses.
The RENFE Class 250 is a class of electric locomotives operated by Renfe in Spain, built by Krauss Maffei and CAF.
The fleet consists of 35 Class 250 locomotives, numbered 250 001–035, and five Class 250.6 locomotives, numbered 250 601–605, which are equipped with chopper control.
Nicholas Aysshton was an English politician who was MP for Liskeard in May 1421, Helston in 1422, 1423, 1425, 1427, and 1435, Launceston in 1431 and 1432, and Cornwall in 1437 and 1439.
He was a justice of the peace in Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, Somerset, Surrey, and Wiltshire; a steward and receiver of Caliland; and a serjeant-at-law.
With her sisters, Callan established a boarding school for girls, the Whitehall Boarding and Day School for Young Ladies, in Blackrock, Dublin in 1835.
The Tigers played their home games at Death Valley in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and competed in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
LSU began the year ranked sixth in the preseason AP Poll, and were projected to finish in second in the SEC West behind Alabama.
1 in the final College Football Playoff rankings of the season, earning them a spot in the national semi-final game to be played at the Peach Bowl.
There, they defeated the defending national champions Clemson, 42–25, to secure LSU's fourth claimed national title in school history, the second undefeated champion in the CFP era, and the second 15–0 season among any team in the modern era.
LSU's record-setting offense was led by senior quarterback Joe Burrow, who won the Heisman Trophy by the largest margin in the history of the award, and broke several NCAA FBS records, including most touchdown passes (60), and highest passer rating (202.0).
He was accompanied on offense by 1,400-yard running back Clyde Edwards-Helaire, and two 1,500-yard receivers Ja'Marr Chase and Justin Jefferson, the former winning the Biletnikoff Award as the best wide receiver in the country.
LSU's defense was anchored by two All-American defensive backs in Jim Thorpe Award winner Grant Delpit and true freshman Derek Stingley Jr. Linebacker Jacob Phillips led the SEC in tackles.
The 1984 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title, his fourth at the event after 1978, 1979 and 1982, and earned $40,000 first-prize money.
The 2020 Europe Top 16 Cup (also referred to as the 2020 CCB Europe Top 16 Cup for sponsorship reasons) is a table tennis competition scheduled to be held from 8–9 February in Montreux, Switzerland, organised under the authority of the European Table Tennis Union (ETTU).
As of October 2019, He is the Moroccan Minister of Culture and Communication, the Minister of Youth and Sports, and the government spokesperson.
In October 2019, he was appointed by King Mohammed VI to serve as the Minister of Culture and Communication, the Minister of Youth and Sports as well as the government spokesperson under Head of Government Saad Eddine El Othmani in a government reshuffle.
Abyaba has already had to address the world speaking for the government on issues such as crackdowns such as the arrest and imprisonment of Moroccan Rapper Gnawi for a controversial video, leading to questions about freedom of expression in Morocco.
As Minister of Culture, he is working with IESCO to put more Moroccan heritage sites on the Islamic World Heritage Site list.
The Roman pharaohs, rarely referred to as Ancient Egypt's Thirty-fourth Dynasty, is the term sometimes used for the Roman emperors in their capacity as rulers of Egypt, especially in Egyptology.
Most emperors probably cared little of the status accorded to them by the Egyptians, with emperors rarely visiting the province more than once in their lifetime.
However, Egypt was governed differently from other Roman provinces, with emperors hand-picking governors for the region and often treating it more like a personal possession than a province.
Though not all Roman emperors were recognized as pharaohs, Egyptian religion demanded the presence of a pharaoh to act as the intermediate between humanity and the gods.
The Romans being seen as pharaohs proved to be the most simple solution, and was similar to how the Persians had been regarded as pharaohs centuries prior (constituting the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first dynasties).
Though Egypt continued to be a part of the Roman Empire until it was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in 641 AD, the last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was Maximinus Daia (reigned 311–313 AD).
By his time, the view of Romans as pharaohs had already been declining for some time due to Egypt being on the periphery of the Roman Empire (in contrast to the traditional pharaonic view of Egypt as the center of the world).
The spread of Christianity throughout the empire in the 4th century, and the transformation of Egypt's capital Alexandria into a major Christian center, decisively ended the tradition, due to the new religion being incompatible with the traditional implications of being pharaoh.
Cleopatra VII had affairs with Roman dictator Julius Caesar and Roman general Mark Antony, but it was not until after her 30 BC suicide (after Mark Antony was defeated by Octavian, who would later be Emperor Augustus Caesar) that Egypt became a province of the Roman Republic.
Depictions of Octavian, now called Augustus, in traditional pharaonic garbs (wearing different crowns and the traditional kilt) and sacrificing goods to various Egyptian gods were made as early as around 15 BC and they are present in the Temple of Dendur, built by Gaius Petronius, the Roman governor of Egypt.
Even earlier than that, Augustus had been accorded royal titles in the Egyptian version of a 29 BC stele made by Cornelius Gallus, despite royal titles not being present in the Latin or Greek-language versions of the same text.
Unlike the preceding Ptolemaic pharaohs and pharaohs of other previous foreign dynasties, the Roman emperors were rarely physically present in Egypt.
As such, the traditional role of the pharaoh, a living embodiment of the gods and cosmic order, was somewhat harder to justify; an emperor rarely visited the province more than once in their lifetime, a sharp contrast to previous pharaohs who had spent a majority of their lives in Egypt.
Even then, Egypt was hugely important to the empire as it was highly fertile and the richest region of the Mediterranean.
Egypt was governed differently from other provinces, emperors treating it more like a personal possession than a province; hand-picking governors and administering it without the Roman Senate's interference - no senator was ever named governor of Egypt and they were even barred from visiting the province without explicit permission.
To the Egyptians, their religion demanded that there was a pharaoh to act as the intermediate between the gods and humanity.
As such, the emperors continued to be regarded as pharaohs since this proved the most simple solution, disregarding the actual political situation, similar to how Egypt had regarded the Persians or Greeks before the Romans.
As Christianity became more and more accepted within the empire, eventually becoming the state religion, emperors no longer found it possible to accept the traditional implications of being pharaoh (a position firmly rooted in the Egyptian religion) and by the early 4th century, Alexandria itself, the capital of Egypt since the time of Alexander the Great, had become a major center of Christianity.
By this point, the view of the Romans as pharaohs had already declined somewhat; Egypt being on the periphery of the Roman Empire was much different from the traditional pharaonic view of Egypt as the center of the world.
This was evident in the imperial pharaonic titulatures; though early emperors had been given elaborate titulatures similar to those of the Ptolemies and native pharaohs before them, emperors from Commodus (reigned 180–192 AD) onwards were usually given just a nomen, though still written within a cartouche (as all pharaonic names were).
Although there continued to be Roman emperors for centuries, until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD, and Egypt continued to be a part of the empire until 641 AD, the last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was Maximinus Daia (reigned 311–313 AD).
The titulature (most of them incomplete) of all emperors, which keeps in line with pharaonic titles of previous periods, derives from Beckerath (1999).
The Royal Navy had her repaired in 1799 in one of its yards, but apparently then did not take her in but rather sold her.
First, Captain George Kerr acquired a letter of marque on 25 October 1800, and then Captain William Clarke acquired one on 11 November.
Christian Andre Beach (born November 25, 1995),  known professionally as Beach Boii, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Florida.
Márcio Luís Lyra Coelho (born 8 June 1978) is a Brazilian retired futsal player who played as a winger, and is the football manager of Figueirense.
A futsal winger, he represented Grêmio Esportivo América, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Florianópolis), Associação Desportiva Colegial and Centro Esportivo Cabo Frio in his home country, aside from two years in Spain with Ibi FS.
On 13 February 2017, he was appointed assistant manager of the main squad, acting as an interim manager for two occasions during the year.
In July 2019, after the club was in a severe financial crisis and threatened with relegation in the Série B, Coelho replaced sacked Vinícius Eutrópio as manager, in an interim manner.
After the appointment of Pintado in October, he returned to his previous role, but on 11 December, he was named permanent manager of the club for the ensuing season.
The 2020 ITTF Pan-America Cup is a table tennis competition scheduled to take place from 7–9 February in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, organised under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).
The Algeria–Libya border is 989 km (615 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Tunisia in the north to the tripoint with Niger in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Tunisia just north of Ghadames, then proceeds broadly south-south-westwards via a series of straight and irregular lines, turning to the south-east in its southern sections, down to the tripoint with Niger.
France occupied much of the northern coastal areas of Algeria in the period 1830-47, which had hitherto been subject to the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire.
For most of the 19th century the coastal region of modern Libya (organised as the Vilayet of Tripolitania) was part of the Ottoman Empire, though with a large degree of de facto autonomy.
In September 1911 Italy invaded Tripolitania, and the Treaty of Ouchy was signed the following year by which the Ottomans formally ceded sovereignty of the area over to Italy.
The Italians organised the newly conquered regions into the colonies of Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania and gradually began pushing further south; in 1934 they united the two territories as Italian Libya.
During the North African Campaign of the Second World War Italy was defeated and its African colonies were occupied by the Allied powers, with Libya split into British and French zones of occupation.
France, which had long been dissatisfied with aspects of the border, signed a treaty with Libya in 1955-6 which altered part of the border between Ghadames and Ghat, thereby enabling more effective administration.
Relations since independence have largely been cordial, though the border remains generally insecure due to the impact of terrorism and spill-over from the Libyan Civil War.
Cathi Forbes (born June 15, 1965) is an American politician of the Democratic Party who has represented district 42A in the Maryland House of Delegates since October 29, 2019.
He was elected President of the CDS – People's Party in the National Congress of the Party in Aveiro, with 46% of the votes.
After 5 years of leadership on the People's Youth, he decided to compete to the leadership of the CDS – People's Party after the worst results of the party's history.
The history of the Wales national football team spans the period from 1876, when the side played its first international fixture, to the present time.
Charles E. Scott (born 1935) is an American philosopher and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Emeritus and Research Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University.
The 1932 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1932 college football season.
Boston University was coached by Myles Lane, who had played ice hockey with the Stanley Cup-winning 1928–29 Boston Bruins, and was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1970.
Wildcat captain Arthur Learmonth, who had been born in Orkney, Scotland, would go on to earn a masters degree in education; he served in the United States Navy, and worked for the United States Department of Labor for 35 years—he died in February 2004 at age 93.
At the University of Toronto, he also directed First Nations House and Aboriginal Student Services (1994–97), paving the way for expanded First Nations student support in education.
He was instrumental in launching a Canadian Human Rights Commission case against the far-right organisation Heritage Front, which contributed significantly to its eventual demise.
Internationally, he frequently represented and mediated on behalf of various Indigenous and anti-racist communities, at forums including the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation.
In the late 1990s, he directed the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto as well as the Forum for Global Exchange and the Biocultural Security Directorate at the Centre for World Indigenous Studies.
A. Rodney Bobiwash was born in 1959 to the Anishinaabe Bear Clan of the Mississauga First Nation on the north shore of Lake Huron, in Blind River, Ontario.
He wrote a thesis on the economic and social history of Pinehouse, Saskatchewan, and graduated with an Honours Bachelor of Arts in Native Studies.
He then read history at Wolfson College, Oxford, becoming the first Indigenous student sponsored by the Canadian government for graduate studies at the University of Oxford.
From 1988 to 1990 he taught at Trent University, encouraging his students to actively engage in issues facing the Native community.
In 1989, he joined the efforts of the Anishinaabe in Temagami to stop the construction of a logging road through ancestral hunting grounds while their land claim was still before the Supreme Court.
He moved to Toronto, worked at the Ontario Indian Commission, and began to volunteer at the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto (NCCT).
From 1991 to 1998 he also ran Mukwa Ode, a First Nations consulting group that worked with Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients in a number of different areas.
Its projects included the publication of the Toronto Urban Native Self-Government Handbook and a review of the perception of policing in Toronto's Indigenous community.
In the mid-1990s, he was one of the only two non-lawyers appointed by the Ontario government as Adjudicator with the Ontario Human Rights Commission.
In 1992, he played a pivotal role in launching a Canadian Human Rights Commission complaint against the far-right organisation Heritage Front, contributing significantly to its eventual demise.
Elisa Hategan, a past member of the Heritage Front and now defector, has been quoted as saying:Rodney did more to shut down hate than any other anti-racism activist back then...
He gave me money, let me stay in his apartment and took me out to dinner.Bobiwash founded a group called Klan Busters at the NCCT, which sought to combat the influence of Ku Klux Klan and affiliated white supremacist organisations in Ontario, Quebec, and the Prairie provinces.
As a result, Bobiwash was frequently the target of death threats and harassment campaigns which at one point required him to be placed under 24-hour police protection.
He was nonetheless known to meet harassment with humour, in one instance agreeing to coffee with the leader of Heritage Front in the courthouse's basement cafeteria before the court date.
From 1994 to 1997, Bobiwash took on a dual role at the University of Toronto as the Director of First Nations House and as coordinator for the Office of Aboriginal Student Services and Programs.
Throughout his professional career, Bobiwash organised, addressed, and participated in numerous conferences, seminars, and workshops around the world to represent various First Nations and Anti-Racist organisations.
In 1998, Bobiwash became Director of the NCCT and, shortly after, Director of the Forum for Global Exchange and the Biocultural Security Directorate at the Centre for World Indigenous Studies.
Pernía was an Embera Katío activist who was disappeared soon after returning home from the Quebec People's Summit of April 2001.
He had visited Canada on a number of occasions to testify on the devastation caused by the project, which was partially financed by Export Development Canada using Canadian tax revenue.
In February 2002, Toronto City Council recognised the passing of Bobiwash through a condolence motion moved by Councillor Jane Pitfield and seconded by Councillor Kyle Rae.
In 1995, the Toronto Native Community History Project was established at the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto (NCCT) by a group of Indigenous community members and non-Indigenous allies, through the leadership of Rodney Bobiwash and Heather Howard.
To preserve and promote the history of Aboriginal people in the Toronto area from time immemorial to the present, and for the future.
To teach and share in the spirit of friendship, and with the goal of eliminating racism and prejudice.Foundational to this collection were materials donated by Anglican Church Women to Indigenous woman and housing advocate Mildred (Millie) Redmond in 1976.
Redmond received the materials in her capacity as director at Anduhyaun, a women's shelter she helped found in 1968 and the first of its kind in Canada.
Thereafter, the collection was passed to the NCCT and enriched with many more contemporary Indigenous art, artefacts, archival material, and oral history recordings.
With the development of the Toronto Native Community History Project through the 1990s and 2000s, various initiatives began to elaborate the Indigenous histories of Toronto.
The bus stopped at familiar sites, like Casa Loma and High Park, but the stories Bobiwash told about the historical significance of these sites is not visible, not even noted on a plaque.
In the east end of the city, the bus stopped in what appeared to be a typical Scarborough suburb: single-family ranch-style homes spread far and wide.
In the midst of this otherwise flat landscape was what appeared to be a small park composed of an unusually high grass-covered hill.
Before leaving the bus, Bobiwash would give each tour participant a small packet of loose tobacco to scatter to the four directions to honour the dead as they climbed up the long, steep sides of the collective grave.
Whose history we preserve, and how, is critical to our collective understanding of who we are and what makes a good city.
Ongoing collaboration at First Story Toronto has expanded Bobiwash's original tour to offer a series of bus and walking tours across the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).
She graduated in 2001 and moved to the Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation for her postgraduate research, where she was supported by a scholarship for excellence.
She moved to the University of California, Berkeley for her postdoctoral research, where she worked alongside Marla Feller as a Human Frontier Science Program Fellow.
During her postdoctoral research she demonstrated that the modality encoded into retinal ganglion cells (RCGs) can be altered by certain stimuli.
This can include directional sensitive RCGs, which reorient themselves after a short stimulation, and light sensitive RCGs which change their preferred polarity when light intensity changes.
She studies how the neurons interpret the dynamic signals sent by the retina, and how they make use of changing information to build a coherent visual image.
In an effort to use this as a characterisation tool, Rivlin studies the responses of the retina to different levels of dopamine.
Rivlin believes that through measurements of the retinal neurons, in particular the starburst amacrine cells, it will be possible to determine the cholinergic levels, with which it will be possible to diagnose Alzheimer's disease early.
Stephen H. Rogers (1930-) was a Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Swaziland (now officially known as Eswatini) from 1990 until 1993.
When he was nine, Rogers and his family moved to Port Washington, New York and he graduated in 1948 from the Port Washington High School.
He graduated from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, attending on a Naval ROTC scholarship.
He arrived for part of his training in Pensacola, Florida just days before the Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950.
Serving as an intermediary between the Northern Arapaho and the United States, he helped lead the transition from free-roaming life and armed resistance to American expansion, to alliance and eventual settlement alongside the Eastern Shoshone at today's Wind River Indian Reservation.
He rose to prominence due to his war deeds in the 1860s in the Powder River Country, in which the Arapaho allied with war parties of the Lakota and Cheyenne.
Black Coal fought in engagements like the July 1865 Battle of Platte Bridge in which Caspar Collins was killed, and the attack on Fort Phil Kearney in December 1866.
In 1865 at the Battle of the Tongue River soldiers attacked Northern Arapaho leader Black Bear's camp of 500 people and killed 35 warriors.
Black Coal would come came to serve a major intermediary role in carrying out the conciliatory strategy, keeping Arapahos out of conflict with the United States and the Shoshones as much as he was able.
According to historian Loretta Fowler, leaders in the Northern Arapaho during the 1860s and 1870s did not rule by fiat or make decisions on an individual level.
Instead, leaders were chosen by consensus of the tribe and with the blessing of the Water Pouring Old Men, ceremonial leaders who held the highest authority within the tribe.
In this position, intermediary chiefs were expected to serve as go-betweens that could faithfully and powerfully argue for Arapaho interests and communicate Arapaho consensus to outsiders like U.S. Army generals, agency officials, and diplomats of the United States.
This strategy helped to maintain Arapaho sovereignty and leadership structures, and also insulated ceremonial leaders from interactions with the United States.
Fowler argues that this structure has persisted today in modified form, even as elected tribal council members act as the official political leadership of the Northern Arapaho, they are influenced by leadership of ceremonial elders.
In this case, from 1871 Black Coal was considered the head Northern Arapaho chief by government officials, when in fact he had only the authority to speak the consensus of the tribe.
Black Coal, along with Sharp Nose and Sorrel Horse, were Northern Arapaho signatories on the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), granting them rights to hunt north of the Platte River so long as game persisted.
For the next few years, Black Coal alternately stayed near Red Cloud Agency, Fort Fetterman, and other posts to receive rations, and led his band on hunting expeditions.
The U.S. Army was poised to strike the Shoshone's enemies, and through two Shoshone scouts located and attacked Black Coal's camp of up to 112 lodges and 600-700 people on Bates Creek, a tributary of Nowood Creek in the Bridger Mountains (Wyoming).
Chief Black Coal had his horse shot out from under him, and two fingers of his right hand were shot off.
This wound is in evidence in the 1877 photo of the Arapaho delegation to Washington D.C. After initially suffering heavy losses, the Arapaho climbed a bluff to the east of the creek and laid down heavy fire from behind the cover of limestone boulders, forcing the soldiers and Shoshones to withdraw.
Captain Bates wrote that the battle would have been more successful had the Shoshones not commenced yelling their war whoops before the attack and spoiling the element of surprise.
In this way, some of the Arapaho survivors may have survived because of the early warning they got from Shoshone war traditions.
When the U.S. Army went into the field in 1876 to attack the Cheyenne at the beginning of the Great Sioux War, Black Coal's band was headed south to Fort Fetterman on March 1, signaling their peaceful intent.
Black Coal enlisted as a U.S. Army scout during this period, to secure higher status within the tribe, rations, Army pay, and hopefully the favor of U.S. Army officials that could bolster their case for securing a permanent reservation for the Northern Arapaho.
Sharp Nose, leader of another band of Northern Arapaho, was chief of the Arapaho Scouts and served with Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie at the November 25, 1876 Dull Knife Fight on the Red Fork of Powder River that broke the resistance of the Northern Cheyenne.
Seeking a permanent home for the Arapaho, Black Coal traveled to visit the Southern Arapaho Reservation on the Canadian River in Oklahoma in 1876, but found the location unsuitable.
In 1877, Black Coal, along with Sharp Nose and interpreter Friday, went to Washington D.C. as part of a delegation that met President Rutherford B. Hayes.
Within months, the United States was seeking permission of the Shoshones to locate the Arapahoes on the Sweetwater River, south of the Shoshone agency.
The Northern Arapaho were later resettled on the Shoshone reservation, to be closer to the agency where they could receive rations.
For the rest of his life, Black Coal worked to solidify this informal arrangement and codify Arapaho rights to live on Wind River.
In December 2019, retired professor Temple Smith or Marblehead, Massachusetts contacted the Northern Arapaho Tribal Historic Preservation Office to inquire about returning Black Coal's headdress to the Northern Arapaho.
Smith's great-grandfather was a dentist who had traveled to the Wind River country in the 1870s or 1880s, where he had done dental work on Black Coal's teeth.
The Smith family held onto the headdress for more than a century, storing it in their attic, until a delegation of from the Northern Arapaho arrived to repatriate the headdress in January 2020.
After driving the headdress back to Wyoming, the item was treated at the University of Wyoming Archaeological Repository with a freezing process to kill any insects or microbes.
A cedaring ceremony was held at the Native American Center on the University of Wyoming Campus on January 27, 2020, in which Northern Arapaho Council Member Sam Dresser prayed over the headdress and it was cedared in the four directions, in preparation for the final return of the headdress to the Wind River Indian Reservation.
Benedict (; died between January and July 1320) was a Hungarian Dominican friar and prelate at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as Bishop of Transylvania from 1309 until his death.
In this capacity, he was an adviser and confidant of the influential prelate, Peter Monoszló, who served as Bishop of Transylvania from the 1270s.
Thereafter, he was transferred to the Dominican monastery of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Buda Island, where he functioned as prior too.
Edward Aysshton (died 3 July 1481) was an English politician and lawyer who was MP for Truro in 1467 and Taunton in 1472 and 1477, and recorder of Launceston (1460-1478).
Oreobolus pectinatus (common names - Comb sedge, cushion sedge, flat-leaved comb sedge) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family that is native to the subantarctic islands, and to the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Median nerve and two lateral nerves of the leaves are visible at widest part of lamina, while on the adaxial only the median nerve is prominent.
It is a coastal to alpine species (found up to 1500 m above sea level), occurring at sea level only in the southern South Island, and on Stewart, Auckland and Campbell Islands.
Art was first institutionalized in Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial period and the establishment of public schools dedicated to the fine arts.
As was typical of colonel rulers Japanese did not establish tertiary institutions for art education in Taiwan, all students wishing to pursue an advanced degree in the arts had to travel to Japan to do so.
When the Nationalists fled to Taiwan in 1949 they brought many of China’s most prestigious artists and a large portion of the former Qing Imperial art collection with them.
Along with Chinese influences the Nationalists also allowed the United States to establish a series of military bases in Taiwan, American pop culture and artistic ideas such as abstract expressionism were introduced to Taiwan by the Americans.
Schools such as the May Art Association, a revolutionary art group, and Eastern Art Association, an avant-garde group flourished during this time.
The next major influence came when the ROC left the United Nations in 1971, this unmooring from the international community caused artists to search for an identity and a sense of self, a search which continues up to the present.
Artists of this era such as Lee Shi-chi and Shiy De-jinn adopted Taiwanese folk motifs and other elements from Taiwan’s traditional culture however the Taiwanese art scene still chafed under the KMT’s military dictatorship.
Democratization in the late 1980s and the lifting of martial law granted Taiwanese artists freedom of expression for the first time in history.
As Taiwan’s art scene matured there began to be a greater specialization in exhibit spaces with dedicated museums for things like photography and ceramics opening.
Art collecting has a long tradition in Taiwan, however most important and deep-pocketed Taiwanese collectors prefer to fly under the radar.
Both Sotheby’s and Christie’s routinely tour the highlights of their spring and autumn Impressionist and Modern and postwar sales in Taipei.
Taiwanese collectors have significant presence both at home and abroad, Taiwanese billionaire collector Pierre Chen is auction house Sotheby’s go-to-guarantor for big-ticket items.
In 2019 more than three hundred million dollars worth of artwork that she had loaned for exhibition in China went missing.
In the 21st century while no longer the largest art market in Asia (having been surpassed by China) the tastes of Taiwan’s collectors have matured and Taiwan remains the most cutting edge art market in Asia.
The initial founders were Esther Nelson, librarian of the University of Utah; Joanna Sprague and Julie Lynch of the Salt Lake City Public Library; and Howard Driggs, library secretary of the State Board of Public Instruction.
Ephraim G. Gowans, Department Chair for Anatomy and Pathology in the University of Utah Medical School, was ULA's first elected president.
At ULA's first conference in 1913 there were 46 members, by 2012 there were approximately 1,000 on the ULA membership list.
For the first 13 years, annual ULA conferences were held in Salt Lake City, in conjunction with the LDS fall conference.
ULA has been a charter member of the American Library Association since 1913 and was a founding member of the Mountain Plains Library Association.
ULA advocated for the establishment of the Utah State Library in the 1950's; the library was established with state support, the last state library agency created in the United States up until then.
The Egypt–Libya border is 1,115 km (693 m) in length and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the tripoint with Sudan in the south.
It then proceeds overland roughly southwards via series of irregular lines that frequently veer south-west or south-east, before reaching the 25th meridian east.
Only the northern littoral section of the boundary contains any significant population centres, with the vast majority of the frontier running through remote areas of the Sahara desert, including the Great Sand Sea and Libyan desert.
Egypt, though nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, had acquired a large degree of autonomy under Muhammad Ali following the Second Egyptian-Ottoman War of 1839-41.
The Ottoman Empire had also nominally ruled the coastal areas of what is today Libya since the 16th century, organised into the Vilayet of Tripolitania, with a vaguely defined border between the Vilayet and Egypt based on an 1841 Ottoman firman, which placed the border further to the east than its current position.
In September 1911 Italy invaded Tripolitania, and the Treaty of Ouchy was signed the following year by which the Ottomans formally ceded sovereignty of the area over to Italy.
Italy organised the newly conquered regions into the colonies of Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania and gradually began pushing further south; in 1934 they united the two territories into Italian Libya.
The border became a point of contention - for example, Egypt rejected a secret Anglo-Italian treaty of 1915 which had ceded the Al Jaghbub Oasis to Italian Libya.
Egypt and Italy signed a treaty on 6 December 1925 which finalised the border at its current position (though Egypt did not formally ratify the treaty until 1932-3).
The northern section of the border was delimited in more detail in 1926-7, with the boundary then being demarcated on the ground by a series of pillars.
Meanwhile Italy, in attempt to control the Senussi rebels, had constructed a fence along much of the frontier in the 1920s-30s.
During the North African Campaign of the Second World War Italy was defeated and its African colonies were occupied by the Allied powers, with Libya split into British and French zones of occupation.
During this period Egypt occasionally pressed for a modification of the border, stating that it should shift westwards to the 24th meridian east, with Al Jaghbub and Bardiyah to be included within Egypt.
Relations between the two states since then have largely been cordial, however tensions rose in the 1970s, due largely the more assertive pan-Arab and anti-Israel foreign policy of the Gadaffi government in Libya, which resulted in a brief war between the two countries along their northern border in 1977.
The border region has again become an area of concern as Egypt seeks to insulate itself from the effects of the ongoing civil war in Libya.
Gurnick Academy (also known as Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts) is an accredited private higher-education institution in California providing nursing, imaging and allied health programs.
The school’s corporate office is located in San Mateo, California, and it operates six campuses, in San Mateo, Concord, Modesto, Fresno, Sacramento and Los Angeles as well as offering distance education online.
The Academy is operated and owned by the Limited Liability Company Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts, LLC, with Konstantin Gourji serving as the Chief Executive Officer.
As of December, 2019, Gurnick Academy operates six campuses in addition to online distance-learning programs and courses.Los Angeles' school site in Van Nuys was the sixth campus approved by the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools in September, 2019.
Gurnick Academy provides a variety of courses from continuing education certificates to diplomas and degree programs, combining theoretical training with practical and clinical components.
In addition, individual programs offered by the Gurnick Academy have received accreditation or recognition from the other governmental regulatory bodies and organizations including Nursing B.S.
Degree, Vocational Nurse Program and the Psychiatric Technician Program Nurse Assistant Program, Physical Therapist Assistant Program, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Program, Ultrasound Technology Program , Radiologic Technology Program and more.
Gurnick Academy has a recorded history of community service, with students, faculty, and staff participating in charity events such as fundraising and volunteering including Salvation Army assistance, partnering with city authorities on aid to the seniors and more.
Nettle comes from rural South Australia, born in the town of Naracoorte and growing up on the family vineyard in Cobdogla.
As a doubles player he twice appeared as a wildcard in the main draw of the Australian Open, partnering Sadik Kadir in 2005 and Peter Luczak in 2006.
His biggest title win came in doubles at the 2005 Caloundra International Challenger, partnered with Peter Luczak, who he later coached on tour.
Predrag Azdejkovic is director of Gay Lesbian Info Center, director of Merlinka festival, editor in chief of Serbian only gay magazine Optimist, producer of several short films and documentaries and several award winning theater plays that all are dedicated to LGBT population.
Until his sixth year, he lived in Germany and in 1984 he moved to Serbia, then Yugoslavia He is a founder of GayEcho web portal, editor of Rainbow column in Yellow Cab monthly guide, founder and editor in chief of the only Serbian gay magazine Optimist, director and selector of International queer film festival Merlinka.
Raymond Charles Ewing (born September 7, 1936 Cleveland, Ohio) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Cyprus (1981-1984) and Ghana (1989-1992).
465, located entirely in the city of Sosnowiec, leading along the former border of Prussia and the Russian partition, going from center of the city to the historic Three Emperors' Corner For the most part, the trail runs through green areas.
It is run along paths or dirt roads with no traffic or slight traffic, mainly through green areas: parks, forests, riverside areas.
The 1985 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
In 2019, Womack ran for term-limited Republican Neil Riser's State Senate seat, winning in the first round with 50.1% of the vote.
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 3 and 4 September 1986.
Frances Edelstein (April 18, 1926 – September 24, 2018), born Frima Trost, was a Polish-born American businesswoman, owner (with her husband) of the Cafe Edison in New York City's theatre district from 1980 to 2014.
Frima and Moishe Trost escaped to the forest with childhood friends Harry Edelstein and his brother; the four orphaned youths slept in barns and hid from capture for five years.
Harry and Frima (who took the name Frances) married in Warsaw in 1945, and moved to the United States in 1947, with their first child.
The menu featured matzo ball soup, blintzes, borscht, and latkes, and was popular with theatre professionals working on Broadway, looking for a hearty, inexpensive meal.
The Edelsteins were honored by the American Theatre Wing in 2004, with a special Tony Award for their contributions to the Broadway community.
She was widowed when Harry died in 2009, and she died in 2018, aged 92, at home in Manalapan Township, New Jersey.
She was one of 5 West Australians in the squad and scored 2 goals in the qualifying match against Palestine in an 11-0 victory.
Wallhead was selected for the Perth Glory squad for the 2019–20 W-League season, and made her debut against Adelaide United on 3 January 2020.
The Brit Brajá Reform Community of Mexico, better known as Brit Braja, is an emerging Jewish community, legally constituted as a civil association.
It is composed mostly of Jewish converts with some historical Jews, although all members are considered as Jews, without any distinction; it is a non-denominational community (independent of other Jewish currents), but is governed by ethical and theological principles of reformist or progressive Judaism, so this community presents a liberal and progressive approach to Judaism, according to the times in which Judaism is lived.
It specializes in providing distance education for Jews in Latin America and Spain by providing coverage to Jews from diverse backgrounds who reside throughout the Mexican Republic, Latin America and other parts of the world (Spanish speaking), which they share A liberal thought.
It is the first reformist community in Latin America and the only one in Mexico that transmits its religious services uninterruptedly online and in real time, transmitted from the Brit Brajá Synagogue, as well as a Yeshivá online the Yeshivá Brit Brajá.
Since its inception in 2008, it has created and translated a large number of materials from liberal Judaism into Spanish and through collaboration, it engages with Brit Braja Worldwide Jewish Outreach, based in the United States and other organizations, offers help, guidance and support for emerging liberal communities throughout Latin America and other parts of the world (including Portuguese and English speaking.
The Brit Brajá Reform Community of Mexico, A.C. is a supportive link for Jewish life, creating a network of Jews with a liberal, human and reformist sense, to be a strong, united, open reformist community.
maintains relations and is in communication with other Jewish communities and receives visitors from other communities from other currents of Judaism.
IBM ThinkPad 365 was a notebook computer introduced in 1996 by the IBM corporation into the market as part of the ThinkPad 365-series.
Émile Jung (2 April 1941 – 27 January 2020) was a French chef, who achieved three stars in the Michelin Guide for his restaurant Au Crocodile.
He began culinary school in Paris, and he frequently visited the city's most renowned establishments, such as Fouquet’s and la Marée.
The 1986 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
Fourth-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title, his fifth and last at the event after 1978, 1979, 1982, and 1984 and earned $44,000 first-prize money.
The Libya–Sudan border is 382 km (237 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Egypt in the north to the tripoint with Chad in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Egypt on Gabal El Uweinat, proceeding south along the 25th meridian east for 223 km (138 m) down to the 20th parallel north.
It then turns west along this parallel for 105 km (65 m), before turning south at the 24th meridian east, where it turns south, running for 56 km (35 m) down to the tripoint with Chad.
Britain invaded Egypt in 1882, establishing a protectorate over an area that had hitherto being nominally subject to the Ottoman Empire.
In September 1911 Italy invaded the nominally-Ottoman Vilayet of Tripolitania, and the Treaty of Ouchy was signed the following year by which the Ottomans formally ceded sovereignty of the area over to Italy.
Italy organised the newly conquered regions into the colonies of Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania and gradually began pushing further south; in 1934 they united the two territories as Italian Libya.
In 1925 Britain and Italy signed a boundary treaty, whereby the 22nd parallel north was utilised starting at the tripoint with Egypt and proceeding westward, terminating at the border between Italian Libyan and French Equatorial Africa (i.e.
The north-west corner of Anglo-Sudan Egyptian thus created was referred to as the Sarra Triangle; this latter area was ceded to Italy on 20 July 1934, and the boundary re-drawn at its current position.
On 7 January 1935 France and Italy signed a treaty which shifted the French Equatorial Africa-Libya boundary southwards (creating the Aouzou Strip, thereby also shifting the Libya-Sudan southwards slightly, however this agreement was never formally ratified by both parties and was thus never implemented.
During the North African Campaign of the Second World War Italy was defeated and its African colonies were occupied by the Allied powers, with Libya split into British and French zones of occupation.
Stephen Kunsu is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing Kintampo North in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana.
He is a member of National Democratic Congress He was first voted into Parliament in 2009 and re-elected in 2013 & 2017 into the 6th and 7th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.
After Class is a 2019 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Daniel Schechter and starring Justin Long, Kate Berlant, Lynn Cohen, Michael Godere, Fran Drescher and Richard Schiff.
The women's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 4 September 1986.
He started playing the guitar at age five when his uncle and his father bought him an acoustic guitar and taught him to play.
After completing his service, he moved to London to pursue music, playing over 1000 shows in four years, including Open Mic nights.
Born Hilary Joyce Thompson on 25 October 1899 in London, she was the second child of Winifred Helen Thompson (née Hopkins) and Gerald Alexander Thompson, vicar of St Gregory's church, Canterbury, and canon of Canterbury Cathedral.
In 1921 she married a British Army officer, Lt-Col. Charles Leofric Boyle and through his postings spent time in Ireland, Jamaica, Malta and India between 1925 and 1935.
Ibrahim Khalfan Al Khalfan (; born on 25 November 1961 is a retired Qatari international footballer who played as a Winger.
He is the father of Khalfan Ibrahim Al Khalfan, a former footballer who played for Al Sadd and the Qatar national team.
Giannina Segnini Picado (born 1970) is a Costa Rican journalist recognized for having uncovered two political scandals that led to convictions of former presidents – the and cases.
Giannina Segnini graduated with a degree in collective communication sciences from the University of Costa Rica in 1987, and was a Fellow at the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University from 2001 to 2002.
She is a member of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), and is director of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism's Master of Science Data Journalism Program.
In 2004, together with Ernesto Rivera and Mauricio Herrera Ulloa, she published a series of articles that revealed cases of corruption of former presidents Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990–1994) and Miguel Ángel Rodríguez (1998–2002).
Within the newspaper, she published WikiLeaks material related to Costa Rica and investigated irregular handling of money from the Episcopal Conference of Costa Rica, the abandonment of children by parents subsidized by the state, undeclared properties of ministers, and illegal political campaign contributions.
Along with her team, she developed and contributed greatly to the ICIJ interactive application for the Offshore Leaks project, as well as participating in ICIJ's Panama Papers project.
Liga IV Brașov is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Brașov County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 16 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
The number of relegated team from the Liga IV – Brașov is variable and depends on the number of teams relegated from the Liga III.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
Anghel scored one goal in a 4–0 victory against CSM Baia Mare in the 1959 Cupa României final, helping Dinamo win the first Cupa României trophy in the club's history.
He was also Dinamo București's president from 1980 until 1988, a period in which the club won three league titles, two cups and reached the European Cup semi-finals in the 1983–1984 edition.
She was the mistress of Gaius Verres, and became known for the influence the vielded ower public affairs in 74 BC, when her lover Gaius Verres served as praetor of Rome.
Her influence was used against Gaius Verres by his enemies, who accused him of allowing her an eccessive influence over state affairs.
Alledgedly, she acted as the political advisor of Gaius Verres, who allowed her to make decisions within civil cases and prepare laws and political reforms.
Moranzoni was active internationally in the decade of the 1910s, directing the Boston Grand Opera from 1910 to 1917 and conducting in Paris and London.
He conducted primarily from the Italian repertory at the Metropolitan Opera from 1917 to 1924, then was named conductor at the Chicago Civic Opera from 1924 to 1929.
She was known for her wide net of high profile clients among the political elite, and for using her contacts to benefit the political careers of her clients, which made her a popular and valauble figure in contemporary political life.
A known example of her activity was when she was asked by her client Lucullus to ask her other client Cornelius Cethegus appoint Lucullus governor Cilicia, a task she perform successfully.
The 1982 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
Second-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title, his third at the event after 1978 and 1979 and earned $40,000 first-prize money.
She was active as a poet and achived some fame, and Eustathios lists her among Sappho and Korinna as a women poet worthy of praise.
She was respected as an artist, but as a person, many comic poets of the time referred to her as stupid and naive, and her name became an expression of stupidity.
The Egypt–Sudan border is 1,276 km (793 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Libya in the west to the Red Sea in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Libya on Gabal El Uweinat and then proceeds eastwards along the 22nd parallel north to Lake Nasser.
The border then briefly veers northwards, creating an area known as the 'Wadi Halfa Salient', before resuming its course along the 22nd parallel out to the Red Sea just south of Cape Elba (Ras Hadarba).
Sudan maintains that the border diverges about 183 km (114 m) east of the salient, shifting south so as to leave Bir Tawil in Egypt, and then north-east so as to include the Halayib Triangle within Sudan.
The boundary traverses a thinly populated region of the Sahara desert and Libyan desert known traditionally as Nubia, with the main population centres being around the river Nile in the vicinity of Wadi Halfa.
Egypt, though nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, had acquired a large degree of autonomy under Muhammad Ali following the Second Egyptian-Ottoman War of 1839–41.
Egypt's traditional claim to Sudan was maintained, and following a war against Mahdist forces in 1890s, the British conquered Sudan and created Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in January 1899 as condominium state, divided from Egypt proper along the 22nd parallel.
The Wadi Halfa salient was added to Sudan on 26 March 1899 in order place a rail terminus from Khartoum under Sudanese control.
A further agreement of 1902 created an 'administrative boundary' in the east in order to facilitate the administration of various nomadic peoples, thereby creating the Bir Tawil region (to Egypt) an the Halayib triangle (to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan).
At that point the 1902 agreement remained in force,however in 1958 Egypt re-asserted the 1899 boundary, a move protested by Sudan.
In 1959 Egypt and Sudan signed a treaty which paved the way for Egypt to create the Aswan Dam, which had the knock-on effect of flooding much of the Wadi Halfa salient under Lake Nasser.
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 4 September 1986.
Claire Smallwood is a freeskier as well as executive director and co-founder of SheJumps, a women's outdoor recreation-focused nonprofit organization facilitating the participation of women and girls in outdoor activities through free and low-cost outdoor education.
Today it comprises approximately 106 acres in the western part of the Town of Lipik, with a total of 74 horses, 70 of which are Lipizzans.
The horse breeding was suddenly interrupted in the late 1960s by the local authorities and it was only in the early 1980s that it began to recover.
More than 100 horses, most of them Lipizzans, were taken by the Serbian Army forces to the occupied territory and Serbia, or slaughtered.
There are five male breeding lines in the Lipik Stud today: Conversano (from 1767), Favory (1779), Neapolitano (1770), Siglavy (1810) and Pluto (1765).
The mare lines bred in Lipik are: Batosta, Capriola, Allegra, Trompeta, Gaeta, Gaetana, Bonadea, Monteaura, Wera, Krabbe, Drava, Kitty, Cica and Liza.
The Stud includes four stables, dressage grounds, a fiacres collection and auxiliary buildings (containing barn warehouse, equipment and accessories for employees, souvenir shop etc.).
One of the stables is used for keeping the breeding stallions, the other for mares with new-born foals, the third for yearlings, colts and fillies, and the last one for the equipment for sports competition.
Their objective is to initiate advances in selection and to preserve the genetic potential of the horses, especially of the Lipizzan breed in Croatia.
It is said that they live in the ash of the hearth in Senboku-gun and Ogatsu-gun in Akita prefecture, and appear when they play with the ash.
Also, in Kunohe-gun, Iwate Prefecture, it was said that if you take a bath twice, eat rice offered at the Butsudan altar, or enter the toilet naked, you will see Rarete Buddha.
Erin Marie Gilbert (May 4, 1971 – July 1, 1995) is an American woman who vanished while attending the Girdwood Forest Fair in Girdwood, Alaska.
Gilbert, who had previous resided in California, had moved to Anchorage, Alaska, where she lived with her sister and worked as a nanny.
At the time she disappeared, Gilbert was on a first date with a man, David Combs, whom she had met at a bar in Anchorage several days prior.
In 1994, Gilbert relocated to Alaska, where she resided with her elder sister, Stephanie, and her husband at the Elmendorf Air Force Base.
On July 1, 1995, Gilbert accompanied David Combs—a man whom she had met several days prior at a bar called Chilkwood Charlie's in Anchorage—to the Girdwood Forest Fair in Girdwood, Alaska, a village south of Anchorage.
The two left Anchorage at approximately 4:00 p.m. Gilbert was last seen at the fair's beer garden with Combs before they left at approximately 6:00 p.m. At the time, she was wearing a black leather jacket, a black and white shirt, mountain boots, and black jeans.
By Combs' account, he and Gilbert returned to his car, but found the battery dead as he had left the headlights on.
He claimed he told Gilbert he was going to a nearby friends' home to get help, and walked for around two hours, but was unable to locate his friend's residence.
According to Combs, he assumed Gilbert had returned to the fair, and found that he was able to start the car engine.
Stephanie and her family searched the Girdwood Forest Fairgrounds the following morning, July 2, as well as the surrounding woods, after receiving a phone call from Combs inquiring about whether or not Gilbert had made it home the night before.
Alaska State Troopers organized a large search utilizing helicopters and search dogs, but were unsuccessful in recovering any sign of Gilbert in the vicinity of the fair.
Graduate student and former varsity player Rudolph Von Bernuth served as the team's coach while K. M. Spence served as team manager.
His work is held in the collections of the New York Public Library, the Royal BC Museum, the McCord Museum, the Library and Archives of Canada, among others.
In 1843, Doane and Valentine travelled to set up a daguerrotype photography business at the Golden Inn at St. Johns in Newfoundland under the name of Valentine & Doane.
By 1946, he had established a clientele including subjects such as Jeffrey Howe, John Sartain, and Lord Elgin, Louis Joseph Papineau, among others.
In 1847, the Mississaugas were evicted from the site by the Ontario government due to pressure from neighbouring white settlers; the tribe was forced to relocate to their current home, the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation, after being gifted land from the Six Nations of the Grand River.
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 4 September 1986.
The Yn tephra is a geologically recent tephra deposit that covers portions of the U.S. state of Washington and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta.
It was created by the largest known volcanic eruption from Mount St. Helens, having taken place in possibly 1860 BCE as part of the Smith Creek eruptive period.
What You See Is What You Get is the only studio album by British singer and songwriter Glen Goldsmith, released in 1988 by RCA Records.
The men's 800 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2, 3, and 4 September 1985.
On May 31, 1917, not long after the United States declared war on Germany and entered World War I, Sousa was commissioned as a Lieutenant Commander in the U.S.
Otomar Kubala (1906–1946) was a Slovak fascist who served as the commander of the Hlinka Guard during the Slovak National Uprising.
The Algeria–Mali border is 1,359 km (844 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Mauritania in the north-west to the tripoint with Niger in the south-east.
The border begins in the west at the tripoint with Mauritania, and is a continuation of the NW-SE straight line that forms the Algeria–Mauritania border.
Just north of the 21st parallel north the border shifts southwards, proceeding to the south-east via a series of irregular lines and the Tin-Zaouatene and I-n-Akantarer wadis, before turning to the north-east where a straight line connects up to the tripoint with Niger.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.Akantarer As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
In the meantime the French had been pushing south from the Algerian littoral, conquering much of the Algerian Sahara in 1902.
Algeria’s modern borders with Mauritania, Mali and Niger) was agreed on 7 June 1905 by the Commandant of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Military Commander of the Department de l'Oasis within French Algeria.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
The situation in Algeria proved much more difficult, owing to the large community of French settlers in Algeria, and independence was only granted in 1962 after a long a bloody war.
In recent years Algeria has boosted its military presence along the border owing to the instability in northern Mali as a result of the Mali War and the generally poor state of security in the Sahara region.
Y Byd yn ei Le (meaning 'The World in its Place') is a Welsh television current affairs series broadcast on S4C since 2018.
As well as interviews with prominent Wales and UK politicians, the programme aimed to bridge the gap between politicians and people on the ground in their towns and communities.
Each programme normally includes a street 'surgery' where a politician answers questions directly to members of the public in a Welsh town or city.
S4C released the interview online on 27 September and broadcast a shorter clip in the programme on Tuesday 3 October 2018.
She had 1400 barrels of right whale oil aboard when she was at Saint Helena in December 1790 on her way home.
Built in 1924 as Amman's first post office, the building later became the Finance Ministry, and as the Haifa Hotel for 50 years starting in 1948.
In 2001, it was rented by Mamdouh Bisharat, a Jordanian heritage conservationist and businessman, at double its price to prevent the building's owners from knocking it down.
The rooms of the Diwan, filled with antiquities, pictures and old furniture, are arranged to show visitors how Jordanians lived during the 20th century.
It was rented by the government of Transjordan to become Amman's first post office until the 1940s, the building later became the Finance Ministry for a short period, and as the Haifa Hotel for 50 years starting in 1948.
The building was rented in 2001 by Mamdouh Bisharat, a Jordanian heritage conservationist and businessman, at double its price to prevent the building's owner from knocking it down.
Bisharat says he started his preservation efforts in 1958 when he bought archaeological pieces destined for the black market from treasure hunters and handed them over and registered them in Jordan's Department of Antiquities.
The rooms of the Diwan, filled with antiquities, pictures and old furniture, are arranged to show visitors how Jordanians lived during the 20th century.
The furniture which dates back to the 1920s was restored, including period specific chairs, a freestanding stove and a vintage radio.
Sketches of Amman's Ottoman and Roman ruins and pictures of the building when it was a hotel, of Amman during the 1930s and of King Hussein who was Bisharat's close friend can be seen hanged on the wall.
Premier went into receivership in 1914 so they took the rights and development of the Premier engine and formed the Weidely Engine Company in partnership with R.M.
Under the Slovak People's Party authoritarian regime, Czechs suffered physical attacks and discrimination; many were fired from civil service and 50,000 left Slovakia.
CCPAC, originally housed at George Washington Carver High School, was developed in 1982 to accommodate the growing need for specialized arts instruction for students.
CCPAC began as a day program where students were bused from home schools to the Carver High School campus for magnet classes.
In 1996, CCPAC to become a designated magnet school housed on the campus of the old Booker T. Washington School at which time the name of the arts magnet changed to Booker T. Washington Magnet High School.
In 1983, the arts magnet was housed at George Washington Carver High School under the name Carver Creative and Performing Arts Center (CCPAC).
In 1996, a federal grant enabled the school to become a designated magnet school housed on the campus of the old Booker T. Washington School; at this time the arts magnet assumed the name Booker T. Washington Magnet High School.
In the men's final, Team Jacobs won their third straight Grand Slam by beating Team Epping in a tight 6-5 game.
In the women's final, Team Hasselborg also won her third straight event defeating young Team Kim 7-5 in an extra end.
Sixteen teams compete in the Canadian Open, including the seven top-ranked teams on the World Curling Tour's Order of Merit rankings as of December 16, 2019, the seven top teams on the Year-to-Date rankings as of December 16, the Tier 2 winner of the 2019 Tour Challenge, and a sponsor's exemption.
A Democrat, Morgan represents the 23rd district in the New Hampshire Senate, following his defeat of incumbent Republican Bill Gannon in 2018.
Prior to his election to the Senate, Morgan was a contractor for the Department of Defense, and continues to work at a cybersecurity firm based in Silicon Valley.
Gregory Z. Bedny (; October 8, 1938 – July 22, 2018), a Ukrainian-American psychologist, was the founder of the Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT).
He developed the qualitative and quantitative methods of the assessment of complexity, reliability and efficiency of human performance and applied his methods to human-machine and human-computer interaction.
In the early years of his career he taught some technical subjects in the vocational training system and worked as an industrial engineer.
After defending his PhD in 1969, he worked as a professor of psychology at Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
At this university he created the first in Ukraine ergonomic laboratory and took part in writing the first program for teaching ergonomics at colleges.
In 1987 Gregory Bedny was awarded the post doctorate degree (Doctor of Science) at the National Academy of Pedagogical Science in Moscow.
After moving to the US in 1989 he taught psychology at Essex County College and at New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Over the course of his life Gregory published 18 scholarly monographs (8 of them in English) and numerous articles in such subjects as psychology, ergonomics and theory of activity.
Thompson's university studies occurred during the second world war and in university vacations she worked in the Land Army near Maitland.
(Agric) from the University of Sydney, and went to work at the New South Wales Herbarium (then a part of the NSW department of Agriculture).
In 1956 she married Max Thompson and, as a public servant, resigned from her position as was required at the time.
Ten years later, after the birth of her two children, she returned to work at the Herbarium, in a part-time position.
On her retirement in 1982, she became an Honorary Research Associate, and until 2009, continued to work in this role, making the 2.5 hour train journey from Mittagong once a week.
Kirsti Ilvessalo (after marriage, Kirsti Ilvessalo-Viljakainen; May 25, 1920 – July 5, 2019) was a Finnish textile artist, best known for her ryijy.
She was best known for her ryijy, which appeared in several foreign museums (including the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm).
Ilvessalo won the gold medal at the Triennale di Milano in 1951 and 1960 as well as the Grand Prix in 1954.
Victorine Marcelle Ninio (November 5, 1929 – October 23, 2019) was an Egyptian secretary and an Israeli spy as part of the Lavon affair.
Ninio joined a Jewish club, but she was more interested in basketball than in Zionism and she was considered to join Egypt's Olympic squad.
She was the only woman and her colleagues noted how unafraid she was, although it is not clear that she was aware of the dangers involved in her activities.
The members of the cell that she in was arrested after one of the cell members had a device go off prematurely whilst he was at the cinema.
The trial began on 11 December and lasted until 27 January 1955; two of the accused (Moshe Marzouk and Shmuel Azar) were condemned to execution by hanging, two were acquitted, and the rest received lengthy prison terms.
Maurice Orbach, on behalf of both Winston Churchill and the World Jewish Congress, went to Cairo to unsuccessfully plead for the lives of those sentenced to death.
The trial was criticised in Israel as a show trial, although the Israeli public were led to believe that the defendants were innocent.
Lt. Gen. Moshe Ya’alon recognised her work in 2005 when she, Robert Dassa and Meir Zafran were given a military rank in the Israeli military.
It was selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 76th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
The story of Macbeth, King of Scotland is reimagined in early-twentieth-century Venezuela; the king is represented as Maximiliano (Max), a gang member.
The gang, who hide in the mountains and subsist by stealing furniture and artwork from transport vans, is first lead by a man called Durán; Max is one of the youngest members but also a favorite of Durán's.
At one point, Max sees witches in the mountains, who tell him that he will become the boss; shortly after this his wife, Mileidi (or Milady), convinces him to kill Durán.
The film was made in 2000 for less than $300,000, filming primarily in the southwestern Andes region of Venezuela, and was intended for release in 2002; its release date was pushed back many times and it was screened at many international film festivals before being shown in its own country.
The film saw a year-end box office attendance of 31, earning Bs.120,800; by 2016 its total box office attendance was 142 people, and it had made Bs.432,550 during public release.
However, it was submitted in 2003 as the Venezuelan entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, not being nominated, and was nominated as the Best Spanish Language Film at the 2004 Goya Awards.
Though accepting there were budget restrictions that caused extras to play living trees, the review criticizes the creative team for being too ambitious within their limits.
In addition, it writes that some of Alvarado's speeches are good, but are responded to with such poor delivery that it becomes humorous; Gómez is praised for her acting skills and capturing the character of Lady Macbeth, but the reviewer equally notes that having one good actor among a poor cast makes the performances noticeably clash.
Relating to the technological side, the reviewer notes the cinematography is good but also clashes with poorer aspects, and heavily criticizes the sound.
Inmaculada Gordillo Álvarez notes that it is among the film adaptations that have taken the story of Macbeth and used it to frame a localized narrative.
Hatchuel, Vienne-Guerrin, and Bladen write that the three witches are shown as naked, young and attractive, and that they have animal tattoos.
The film is included in their analysis of modern adaptations choosing to make the witches attractive, suggested as fulfilling modern genre expectations.
In their book, Levenson and Ormsby write that the portrayal of Max veers into folk-heroism, bringing to mind national figures like Simón Bolívar and Hugo Chávez.
André Jouve, born 1929, died 2 March 2019was a French conductor and radio producer, active mainly in France, who left a number of recordings and was for many years associated with classical music on French Radio.
Jouve studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, and took a keen interest in baroque music in the 1950s, and notably recorded Charpentier's Messe de minuit with the Ensemble vocal de Paris, which won a Grand Prix du disque in 1954.
He joined the ORTF in 1969, becoming head of the musical research group (GRM) which had been founded by Pierre Schaeffer in 1958.
Five years later he was running the Orchestre lyrique and the Orchestre de chambre of the ORTF which lasted until 1975.
He was later the administrator of Radio France's Nouvel Orchestre Philharmonique and from 1981 he was coordinator of programming and music services at France Musique.
This is a list which includes a photographic gallery, of historic structures in Snowflake, a town in Navajo County, Arizona, United States.
James Pearce was appointed by Erastus Snow, a Mormon Apostle, to begin the colonization process of the Silver Creek Valley in Arizona.
Stinson was developing his land and according to Pearce, he asked for too much money and therefore Pearce moved three miles further down and set up a camp.
In 1877, the LDS Church President Brigham Young asked William Jordan Flake, to start a settlement in the northern area of what was then the Arizona Territory.
Snow gave Flake his advice and suggested that Flake divide the Stinson Ranch into city lots and first- and second-class farm plots.
Ralph Ramsay carved a horse's head and a large horseshoe in the middle of the third-story gable Of the three story house to adorn the home which he built for James Madison Flake.
In 1884, the officials of the territorial government used a federal law against polygamy to bring charges against some of the Mormon leaders.
Wilford Woodruff, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and President of the Board of Education for the Church, believed that Snowflake should establish an Academy for higher education.
Though the Stinson/Flake Ranch House is the oldest house of the original Snowflake townsite, it is not the oldest structure there.
The circa 1858, primitive cabin where William Jordan Flake once lived was relocated from Beaver, Utah, by the Flake families and is now located within the property of the house of James Madison Flake and family.
The district contains residential and commercial buildings of various styles reflecting the historic appearance and development patterns prevalent in Snowflake and other Mormon-settled towns of the region.
The Snowflake/Taylor Chamber of Commerce and the Snowflake Heritage Foundation are in charge of the preservation of the historical structures in Snowflake.
The Stinson museum has displays of artifacts and pictures from the early days of Snowflake, from prehistoric Native-American tribes to 19th century pioneers.
The museum, which is housed in the old Stinson/Flake Ranch House, is located at 102 N. 1st St. E. Among the historic houses which can be visited are, three which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the James M. Flake House, the Jessie N. Smith House, the John A. Freeman House and the William J. Flake Cabin.
Bell studied chemistry and environmental engineering at the University of Western Australia and graduated with a Bachelor's of Science and Bachelor's of Engineering in 1996.
She moved to the University of New England in Australia for her graduate studies and earned her Master's degree in environmental management in 1999.
Bell was a doctoral student at Murdoch University, where she worked on sustainability and technology policy and completed her PhD in 2004.
She worked with UCL Urban Laboratory to launch a review into social housing, which identified that demolition decisions are often made by professional bodies without adequate engagement with residents.
She is part of the Community Water Management for a Liveable London (CAMELLIA), which looks to improve decision making through community and industry engagement.
Bell is committed to teaching and her efforts have been recognised by the Royal Academy of Engineering and University College London.
John Entwistle's Ox, a band fronted by The Who's bass guitarist John Entwistle, staged a tour of the United Kingdom and North America in late 1974 and early 1975.
The band, previously known as John Entwistle's Rigor Mortis, rehearsed at the Royal Ballroom in Tottenham, London with a twelve-piece lineup and Shepperton Studios in Shepperton, which cost Entwistle £20,000.
The Ox started a tour of the United Kingdom on 8 December 1974 at the Newcastle City Hall in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
She is the founder of the Portland Queer Comedy Festival, organizer of the Portland Dyke March, and is a co-organizer as well as date auction host and fundraiser emcee of the Butch Voices Portland Regional Conference.
In 2019, the theatre and advocacy group, CoHo Productions, listed Carroll as one of their Iconic Women as part of their This Woman portrait and interview series.
In 1956, at age 20, she gave birth to a son, then moved westward with her husband in 1963, working laundry and line cook jobs.
Carroll herself suffered from acrophobia (the fear of heights) and stage fright, and began smoking a pack and a half of cigarettes daily at age 15, which continued until she was 42.
It would be years before she would get fully sober again; the precipitating event was an alcohol and cocaine bender she went on at a wrap party's open bar.
Carroll began singing at an early age, performing with a number of bands since she was 16 in the genres of R'n'B and soul.
In 2011, Pride NW honored Carroll with their Pride-in-Action Award for Carroll's grassroots work founding Q Patrol, a community foot patrol intended to reduce hate crimes against LGBTQ+ people in Downtown Portland.
In 2013, she performed as part of Portland: Naughty-Listed—Stories of Holiday Misbehavior, a storytelling series benefiting the Democratic Party of Oregon.
In 2015, one of Carroll's activist pursuits involved a conversation with a gay Ugandan comedy fan who befriended her on Facebook.
In 2017, Carroll performed as part of a nationwide comedy benefit for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), a counter-response to the promises of human rights violations on which Donald Trump ran his presidential campaign.
Carroll has performed at various annual gay pride events, including Portland Pride 2019's Big Gay Afterparty, and Beaverton's Pride Festival 2019.
Carroll began performing as a professional standup comedian at age 32, after Sarah Palin was nominated for Vice President of the United States.
Disturbed by the event, Carroll processed her feelings with joke-writing, subsequently delivering them at an open mic at Cap City Comedy in Austin, Texas.
They encouraged her to keep at the craft, and she did, ending up with a sold-out performance for her first gay audience in 2009.
This led her to start producing her own shows by and for the queer community, though not exclusionary of non-queer subject matter and audience members.
series, OUT/LOUD's Queer & Trans Women's Music Festival, Comedy at the Capitol, Comic Strip, Homo Ha!, Loudmouth Cunts, Lezberados: Comedy with No Bull, and Ethel Merman Weekend.
Venues have included Club 50 West, the Whiteside Theatre Seven Nightclub Curious Comedy Theater, Club Comedy Seattle, Kontos Cellars, the MAC Club, and Cobb's Comedy Club.
A member of the Association of International Photography Art Dealers, the gallery is known for its collection of rare and vintage gelatin-silver prints by the pioneers of the Russian avant-garde, as well as for its representation of contemporary American and European photographers.
The gallery has served as a venue for solo shows for contemporary artists Irina Nakhova, Pentti Sammallahti, George Tice, and Alexey Titarenko.
On 1 February 2002 the battalion was disbanded its war flag transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome, where it remained until November 2015.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
It is named after a spaniel called Lucy who was used for breeding on a puppy farm in South Wales and was taken in in 2013 by the Many Tears animal rescue organisation.
Lucy had many ailments but was adopted by Lisa Garner who campaigned with vet Marc Abraham to prevent further maltreatment of such dogs.
To address this issue, an amendment to the existing licensing regulations was passed into law in May 2019 by Michael Gove.
With effect from April 2020, licensed commercial traders would not be allowed to sell kittens or puppies as pets if they were less than six months old and they had not been bred by the seller.
The Dragons' men's team competed in the NRL's 2019 Telstra Premiership season while the women completed their second year in the NRLW's 2019 Holden Women's Premiership season.
Tirthankar Roy, CBE (14 February 1960–) is a British economic historian and Professor in Economic History at the London School of Economics.
He is particularly interested in the economic, political, and social effects of colonial rule of India during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.
Prior to arriving at LSE, he served as a professor at the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics in Pune, India.
La Grosse Décharge is a tributary of the rivière à Mars, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
on towards the northeast, then the course of the Saguenay River on towards the east until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
The series, hosted by University of Toronto professor James Acland, examined modern Canadian architecture for selected Canadian projects that were built in the mid-1960s.
To straddle or straddling a gate in skiing means a certain fault where the inside ski passes the wrong side of the gate pole and as a result the pole slides between inside and outside ski.
Gate faults like that are especially common in alpine ski racing, but can also occur in other sports like ski cross or snowboarding.
According to rule 661.4 of the International Ski Federation's international ski competion rules (ICR) a gate is passed correctly if both ski tips and both feet cross an imaginery line between two gate poles.
Most frequently straddles happen in slalom skiing where the athletes are able to run the narrowest line due to the flex-pole technique.
In some cases straddles lead to falls, especially when the pressure enduced by the pole loosens the binding of the inside ski.
Continuing the race after a straddle (ICR rule 628.8) – no matter whether it happens unnoticed or not – demands a disqualificaton and eventually a fine of 999 Swiss francs.
After actually straddling a gate in the Wengen and Kitzbühel slaloms without noticing, rumours spread that he might have also straddled the first gates during his victory runs in Zagreb and Adelboden.
After hours of video analysis Hirscher and his mate Felix Neureuther who also was accused of straddling in the Zagreb race could be acquitted from the allegations.
Possibly race-deciding straddles during important races occurred to Bode Miller and Benjamin Raich whilst competing for the Olympic gold medal at the alpine combined in Torino 2006 or Marcel Hirscher in the world championship slalom in Beaver Creek 2015.
Stefan Luitz straddled the final gate of the first run during the Olympic giant slalom in Sochi 2014 just before crossing the finish line and setting the second best intermediate time.
His father was a clerk at the Ministry of Works who died in 1932 and his mother was a freelance journalist with fascist sympathies and little affection for her son whose care she primarily left to a nanny.
When his mother returned home to continue her career and later drifted away from her fiancee, Briscoe was left with his parents in Miltenberg, Bavaria .
Later in life, he would write that the ideology of the Nazi party and antisemitism was taught in his lessons and how at the age of eight years old he was taken by his teachers to a local synagogue and sent in to loot it during kristallnacht.
Seeing the war as an opportunity to prove his loyalty to his adoptive family and nation, Briscoe became an enthusiastic member of the Hitler youth and in 1944 joined the auxiliary fire service where he was injured in an air raid.
The following year he was an eyewitness to the surrender of Miltenberg by its Mayor and the town's occupation by American troops.
Over the following years, Briscoe moved away from the worldview he had been taught as a child and began to look back on his participation in kristallnacht with shame.
In 1949, Briscoe returned to Germany on national service where he was sent to spy on neo-nazi groups in civilian clothing.
In 1960 he, too, qualified as a teacher and he went on to teach woodwork and German at schools in Essex and Suffolk.
In 1975 he became joint manager of his wife's family farm at Framlingham, where he played an active part in the community as a church warden, conservationist and supporter of local charities.
This half-hour series was broadcast at various times from 2 March 1967 until 25 August 1978, most often on Saturday afternoons.
The ensemble follows a combination of different musical styles, such as western classical sounds, Celtic music and flamenco, as well as new arrangements of numerous pieces from traditional Islamic Sufi music, which originate from Arabic, Andalusian and Turkish sources.
The lyrics are mostly in Arabic and inspired by the poetry of the well-known Sufis of Al-Andalus as well as from the Arab world such as Ibn Arabi and Al-Shushtari.
In addition, its repertoire consists of musical adaptations of poems in old Spanish (called Aljamiado), which the Moriscos wrote down using Arabic script.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Silver Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
Written by Harold James, Professor of Economic History at Princeton University, the book details the history of the postwar monetary order amidst geopolitical tensions, economic challenges, and societal needs.
In the book James argues, throughout the postwar years, the IMF was instrumental in providing relief and maintaining stability of the Bretton Woods system.
Anna J. Schwartz, a renowned Chicago school economist, praises the book's insightful analysis, but critiques it for not providing an overall assessment of the IMF's broader role.
His team competed for Sweden in the , because it was decided that the 1976 Swedish championship team from IF GÖTA (skip Jens Håkansson) was too young for the World Championship and so they went to the Worlds instead.
Friends Scott and Emily are at Scott's grandmother's home when they suddenly discover a mysterious creature Rufus and the wizard Abbott in a secret room.
They have a mission: with the help of an ancient spell book, they'll gather some ingredients to make a magic dust to save their world, a magical world.
However, they encounter several obstacles when three mean servants with mysterious power want to put their hands on the book which they believe has spells to turn everything into gold.
The first books she wrote were textbooks in history and religion, when she, as a teacher, found that there were no good books for children in these subjects.
The intention was to make them accessible to a greater number of readers and to contribute to a rich, international cultural heritage being passed on.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
He represented Poland at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's shot put F55 event.
La Petite Décharge is a tributary of La Grosse Décharge, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
on towards the northeast, then the course of the Saguenay River on in the east until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary .
The Hawaiian language and its dialects (including Niihau) are a part of the Austronesian languages, which are a group of languages spoken throughout Oceania, Southeast Asia and other parts of the world.
After singing on two singles with British dance production duo Quartz, Carroll was relaunched as a solo artist with the song.
Lyrically it is sung from the view of a woman singing to her man, telling him that there ain't no man that makes her feel like he do.
Perro amor is a Colombian telenovela produced by Cenpro Televisión for Canal Uno, and it started airing on Colombian broadcast channel Canal Uno on February 1998, and concluded on June 1999.
After the success of the telenovela in its original broadcast, it was retransmitted on 19 October 2000 on Canal Uno, and since then it has not been retransmitted.
In 2010 an adaptation with the same name was made for the United States, which premiered on Telemundo and starred Carlos Ponce.
The story revolves around Antonio Brando (Julián Arango) and Sofía Santana (Danna García), both strangers who know each other after Antonio decided to place a bet with his cousin.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
He represented Poland at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 100 metre backstroke S11 event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships he won the silver medals in the men's 100 metres backstroke S11 and men's 100 metres freestyle S11 events.
His Free Democrats entered into a coalition with the Social Democratic Party of Willy Brandt, giving the ruling coalition 251 votes, a majority of three votes.
Shortly after the 1972 Baden‐Württemberg state election in which the CDU/CSU won overwhelmingly, Helms announced that he would leave the Social Democrats and apply for membership in the Christian Democratic Union.
Blake created a number of miniatures of the Butts family during the period from about 1801 to 1809, and these are in the collection of the British Museum.
The patronage reduced from about 1816, although Butts purchased a set of the Job engravings in 1825, and in 1827 was a subscriber for the Dante engravings.
The 2019 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season was the 70th in the club's history since their entry into the then New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership in 1947.
The team came sixth in the regular season and qualified for the finals where they beat the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in an elimination final then lost to the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the semi finals round.
A decrease in serum amino acids during an infection promotes autophagy not only in immune cells, but also in nonimmune cells.
Augmented autophagic responses may play a critical role in clearing pathogens (xenophagy), in the presentation of epitopes in nonprovisional antigen presenting cells and the removal of damaged proteins and organelles, and recyling these damaged proteins, organelles and pathogens as source of nutrition.
The Regimental Command consists of the Commandant's and Personnel Office, the Operations, Training and Information Office, the Logistic Office, and the Administration Office.
Ha!, flowing in the territory of the city of Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This small valley is served by the Anse-à-Benjamin road (east side of the river) and Saint-Joseph road (west side), for forestry, agriculture, recreation and tourist activities and for residents of this area.
The surface of the Benjamin River is usually frozen from early December to late March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
Ha!, the current crosses this bay on to the northeast, then the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Great Plains (also known as A Mother's Escape and Until We Are Safe) is a 2016 drama film directed by Blair Hayes and distributed by MarVista Entertainment.
Murel, an Oklahoma mom, has had her ups and downs, but the one thing she knows for sure is that she is a good mother who wants nothing but the best for her child.
Struggling with her own demons, Murel has been misused and abused her whole life, but after she learns that her 7-year-old son, Kipp, is being abused at the hands of his alcoholic father, she takes matters into her own hands by packing their bags and heading to California.
Tess and Murel have had a complicated relationship, but her aunt loves them and wants to help in any way she can.
Soon, Kipp and Murel head out on a road trip, where they meet a slew of interesting and colorful characters that will impact their lives in some way.
Being a good mother who protects her son is one thing, but Murel is now a wanted fugitive since her husband contacted the police and reported Kipp missing.
Still, she risks it all to provide a safe place for her son, while at the same time, wanting justice for them both.
MarVista Entertainment, Strike Accord, Inc. and the Oklahoma Film + Music Office announced the completion of principal photography on October 23, 2015.
Marchioness Wellesley (Marchioness of Wellesley) was a packet paddle steamer launched in 1826 for the Dublin and Wexford Steam Co. She operated out of Dublin and was last listed in 1838.
By one account, she was the first steamship built in Ireland, and her engines were the first marine engines built there too.
The Ringsend Foundry (Ringsend Iron Works) were the builders of the steam engines and those were the first built in Ireland.
Neither the Shannon Steam Navigation Company nor the Dublin and Wexford Steam Company were successful and in 1829 the Irish Inland Steam Navigation Co. acquired them.
With her doctoral degree, Young was eventually promoted to professor and became Lewis Attenbury Stimson Professor of Mathematics at Wellesley College.
One of the features of American Mathematical Monthly is a section devoted to problems articulated by readers, and eventual solutions of said problems.
Given a point and a circle, find the locus of second circles where the radical axis of the two circles lies on the given point.
Then as a variable line lies on the point, find the locus of the midpoint of the segment determined by the planes.
She identified the locus as a hyperbolic cylinder through use of a third parallel midway between the others that is the projective harmonic conjugate of a line at infinity.
The problem was to show that the double points of these involutions are three pairs of opposite vertices of a complete quadrilateral.
The Texas Longhorns baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Texas in the Big 12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
The team has seen 14 individuals hold the head coach position since it started playing organized baseball in the 1895 season.
The Rivière Gauthier is a tributary of the Saguenay River, flowing in the territory of the city of Saguenay (sector La Baie), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Gauthier River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
From the confluence of the Gauthier river with the Saguenay River, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
The Japan bid for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup is a bid to host the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup by Japan Football Association (JFA).
The bid entails 8 venues in 8 host cities, with a final to be played in Tokyo at the New National Stadium.
Japan have considered bidding on the tournament after declining their initial intention to bid on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Japan Football Association vice president Kozo Tashima is reported to have said that the facilities will be renovated and ready for the World Cup.
On 20 February 2019 The Japan Football Association announced that it will go forward with a long-planned bid to host the 2023 Women's World Cup.
The bid includes eight stadiums, including several venues that are set to play host to the 2020 Summer Olympics football tournament.
Two years later he defended his title and this time he won the silver medal in the men's sabre B event.
Joaquín Bornes (born 24 March 1975 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer who now works as head coach of Real Betis Juvenil B in his home country.
During the 2019–20 Belgian football season, Standard Liège will compete in the Belgian Pro League, the Belgian Cup, and the UEFA Europa League.
Jasso is currently the Silver professor of Sociology at New York University where she was formerly Chair of the Department of Sociology.
She received her Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Philosophy from Our Lady of the Lake College in 1962, and in 1970 she received a Master of Arts from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at University of Notre Dame.
Jasso has served as Chair of several sections of the American Sociological Association, including Theory, Methodology, International Migration, Social Psychology, and the Rationality and Society Section.
In 2015, Jasso won the Paul F. Lazarsfeld Award given by the American Sociological Association for a career of distinguished contributions to sociological methodology.
She has been elected to the Executive Council of the Sociological Research Association (2018-2021), where she will serve as President in her final year.
The project is led by Christian Grothoff for Inria, the French National Institute for Information and Automation Research, and the Technical University of Munich (TUM).
In a paper published in Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering, GNU Taler is described as meeting ethical considerations - the paying customer is anonymous while the merchant is identified and taxable.
The upper part of the Moulin river valley is served by the forest roads R0287 and by a secondary road descending part of the valley; this upper part is also indirectly served by the route 175 which passes on the west side.
In addition to the urban and industrial area, crossing the Chicoutimi sector of the city of Saguenay, forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.
The surface of the Moulin river is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March, except in the rapids zone.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the south-east) from Lake Andrevos and by a stream coming from the east.
From the lac du Moulin, the rivière du Moulin flows mainly north for a length of to Saguenay, to finally jump into the Saguenay River.
This confluence is located downstream from the Dubuc bridge which spans the Saguenay River at the height of downtown Saguenay , facing the northwest shore of the Saguenay River and upstream from the bridge of route 172 at the mouth of the Valin River on the north bank of the Saguenay River.
From the mouth of the Moulin river, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River on eastwards to Tadoussac where it meets with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
It is estimated that there were approximately between and 15000 people who lived in the rivière du Moulin basin in 2001.
The series chroincles the lives of six women in the Los Angeles area who are either female doctors and doctors' wives.
1 Northern is a large public art work in the form of a steel abstract sculpture by John Cullen Nugent, currently standing where it was originally installed in the fore court of the Canadian Grain Commission building in Winnipeg, in 1976.
In 1979, Meriké Wiler called it the most controversial piece of Canadian public art ever commissioned during the fourteen years of Canada's public art funding scheme.
It was hauled away and cut into pieces on two different occasions, before and after being installed in front of another federal government building, and finally reinstalled at its intended location once more in 1997, nearly twenty years after its removal.
During the 1960s and 1970s, the Canadian government acted regularly as a patron of the arts, and the Department of Public Works had a fine art program in which 1% of the construction costs for federal buildings open to the public would be spent on commissioning art.
Architectual firm Smith Carter had recently designed and built the new Canadian Grain Commission building, and recommended that it be bestowed with a large scale exterior sculpture, but no art allowance had been designated in the construction budget, and in June 1972 the firm notified the Department of Public Works.
In June 1974, with no funds forthcoming, Smith suggested the Commission might rent a work of art from the Art Bank, but its advisory committee members disagreed: after ten years, the rental fees would exceed the value of the art.
The following July, a competition was proposed between ten invited artists, with each to receive $500 for their maquette (scale model) and travel expenses.
In January of 1975, Nugent and four other artists, Henry Saxe, Ulysse Comtois, Ricardo Gomez, and Hugh Leroy, were chosen by Smith (with Kenneth Lochhead's advice).
Earl Baxter, chairman of the Board of Grain Commissioners, attended the meeting at which Nugent's proposal was selected and expressed reservations about its design.
Drury, but finding himself ignored, canvassed employees, and shortly after the work's 1976 unveiling, obtained 300 signatures signed in protest (a dozen employees liked it).
Catherine Anderson-Dolcini believes that many people were either unaware of what the work represented, or else resented representation of the wheat in abstract form, and that much anger, stemmed from a lack of public involvement during the selection process.
Canadian Artists Representation filed an action to stop the removal of Nugent's work; the sculptor was given one month to choose between two sites, though he felt that neither one was suitable.
Late in the night of 31 August, against the protestations of Nugent's lawyer, officials dismantled the work (possibly while legal proceedings were ongoing) when it was cut up and taken to a federal warehouse in Lockport.
In Spring 1997, Nugent discovered what had become of his work and complained, along with many other artists, about the way Public Works stored pieces of art it owned.
The department made a commitment to restoring the sculpture and finding a prominent, public setting for it following public reaction to news of its deterioration.
His team competed for Sweden in the , because it was decided that the 1976 Swedish championship team from IF GÖTA (skip Jens Håkansson) was too young for the World Championship and so they went to the Worlds instead.
During the Miss America 2020 competition, Schrier also revealed that she was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and recovered from an eating disorder as a teen.
Schrier briefly attended University of Michigan before transferring to Virginia Tech her junior year and graduating cum laude in 2018 with dual bachelor of science degrees, one in biochemistry and one in systems biology and a minor in chemistry.
She was accepted to VCU School of Pharmacy and had completed her first year of doctoral program before winning the Miss Virginia title.
She previously earned titles of National American Miss (NAM) Pennsylvania Teen 2012 and was named the 1st runner-up in 2012 national competition.
On June 22, 2019, she competed as Miss Dominion at the 2019 Miss Virginia pageant in Lynchburg, Virginia after a 6-year hiatus from competing in pageants.
At the conclusion of the pageant, she was crowned Miss Virginia 2019 and took off a year from pharmacy school to fulfill her responsibilities as Miss Virginia.
She bested first runner-up, Miss Georgia 2019, Victoria Hill, for the 2020 Miss America title and was crowned by Miss America 2019, Nia Franklin, on December 19, 2019.
Schrier was the fourth Miss Virginia to win the Miss America title, and has become the second Virginia Tech alumni to a achieve this distinction.
The diet advocates the consumption of foods heavy in RNA (ribonucleic acid) such as sardines four times a week, other seafood three times a week, calf's liver, lentils and soybeans.
He believed that sardines and other foods high in nucleic-acid content can erase wrinkles could make people look fifteen years younger.
The diet is extremely unbalanced and is a health danger to those with hypertension because of the high salt content of the sardines.
There is no scientific evidence that the human body can benefit from extra dietary nucleic acids because during digestion they are destroyed and broken down to simpler compounds.
Written by Sir David Cannadine, Dodge Professor of History at Princeton University, the book describes how Mellon built his personal wealth by investing and running businesses in major industries, eventually becoming the Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.
He was also noted for founding the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Cannadine acknowledges the controversy that surrounds Mellon and the other industrialists of his era.
Like John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Henry Clay Frick, Andrew Carnegie, John Pierpont Morgan Sr., and William Randolph Hearst, the businessmen were part of a fundamental transformation of the American economy in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.
Thus, Mellon was an ardent supporter of the Republican party, and subsequently became the Secretary of the Treasury under President Harding.
During his time as Secretary of the Treasury, from 1921 to 1931, Mellon reduces the federal tax rate, reduced the national debt by a third, and restored the gold standard.
He then traces the events that led to Mellon's downfall: the Wall Street crash of 1929, the lost in confidence fro President Hoover, and his resignation from the Treasury in 1932.
Over the course of his life, Mellon gave away nearly $10 million, much of which went to charities in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the National Gallery of Art.
Robert Whaples, professor of economics at Wake Forest University, compliments the degree to which Cannadine remained sympathetic and fair to Mellon despite him being, as Cannadine describes, 'an unsympathetic person with unappealing politics'.
Christoph DeMuth, then President of the American Enterprise Institute, claimed the book was the best biography of Mellon thus far, and the only one.
The 2019–20 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball team represent Appalachian State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Mountaineers, led by 1st-year head coach Dustin Kerns, play their home games at the George M. Holmes Convocation Center in Boone, North Carolina as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
On March 15, 2019, it was announced that head coach Jim Fox was released from his contract, ending his five-year tenure with the team.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1987 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
The bras de Jacob (English: Jacob's arm) is a tributary of the rivière du Moulin, flowing successively in the Saguenay, then in the territory not organized from Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The upper part of this small valley is served by the Lac-du-Bois-Joli road which passes on the north shore of Lac Jacob.
The surface of Jacob's arm is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is fed by the outlet (coming from the northeast) from Fournier lake, and the outlet (coming from the west) from an unidentified lake.
Green's Exchange, also known as Green's Auction Mart, was a business on King William Street, Adelaide, in the early colonial days of South Australia.
It was not the first, and by no means the only stock exchange in Adelaide, but was notable in its alternative use as a venue for large public meetings and performances.
He had studied civil engineering in Britain, but finding little demand for the profession, turned to land surveying, with offices at 65 King William Street adjacent the Bank of Australasia from 1850.
Green entered into partnership with J. H. Parr as auctioneers and commission agents sometime before September 1857 and W. G. Luxmoore joined before November that year.
He had a separate partnership with William Wadham (1824–1895) from around 1857; Wadham moved to partnership with George Dutton Green (1 May 1850 – 27 April 1911) as Green & Co.
He retired around 1880, though his involvement with the Exchange ceased around 1875, and returned to England, where he died, leaving a widow, two sons and two daughters.
In 1854 Green remodeled the interior, to make a large open room suitable for meetings, concerts and receptions, though the pillars supporting the roof structure made it unsuitable for use as a ballroom.
The southern side was then a vacant block, with a garden behind the railing fence; later an extension of the Bank of Australasia.
The northern side was a wine and spirits store used by R. H. Wigg, later the Bank of South Australia, and the Union Bank.
This building occupied the northernmost site of what became Bowman's Arcade, which occupied most of the eastern half of Town Acre 109.
Green's lease elapsed shortly after his son George Dutton Green and others erected the Pirie Street Exchange, and the site reverted to T. G. Waterhouse, for whom Broken Hill Chambers (opened 1890), was built on the site by William McLean of the Melbourne firm of McLean Brothers, Rigg & Co. to the design of English & Soward.
The freehold was sold to William Kither acting for Keith Bowman, and renamed Bowman's Arcade, which served Adelaide for a hundred years, and home of John Mack's camera shop.
The Pierce-Arrow had a front mounted engine protected by folding armoured panels, behind the engine was an enclosed driver's compartment with two armoured shutters, whilst the open-topped fighting compartment was at the rear.
The first 32 Pierce-Arrow armoured AA lorries were fitted with armoured plate, whilst the last 16 were fitted with armoured plate, the armour was bolted to a frame fitted to the chassis.
The 4x2 rear wheel driven chassis had a wheelbase of , it had leaf spring suspension and a 4-cylinder petrol engine that delivered .
On 30 December 1914 the Admiralty placed an order with Wolseley Motors Ltd for 48 Pierce-Arrow truck chassis to be converted to self-propelled anti-aircraft gun carriers for use by the Royal Marine Artillery Anti-Aircraft Brigade, all 48 were dilivered between April and June 1915.
Due to shortages of 2-pounders only two batteries received the vehicles by the end of April 1915, they were immediately dispatched to France.
Arriving at the front on 28 April, their first victory was claimed two days later on 30 April when the first enemy aircraft was shot down.
As more 2-pounders became available a third battery was added in August 1915 with the forth and final battery becoming operational in September.
During their period of employment with the Royal Marine Artillery Anti-Aircraft Brigade from April 2015 to the time they were replaced in service by QF 13-pounder 9 cwt guns in 1917, the Pierce-Arrows claimed over twenty German aircraft shot down.
The vehicle's contribution was to force enemy reconnaissance aircraft to fly at much greater altitude of up to where they were much less effective.
The No 1 Squadron, Royal Naval Armoured Car Division under Commander Oliver Locker-Lampson had one Pierce-Arrow during their expedition to Russia and the Causasus.
In January and February 1915 the War Office ordered a further 16 armoured AA lorries from Wolseley Ltd for use by the Imperial Russian Army, although these were built on the chassis of a Peerless Motor Company 5-ton truck.
In particular, the house where Nikolai Rubinstein and Pyotr Tchaikovsky lived in their youth was destroyed, as well as the hotel where Sergei Rachmaninoff lived.
During the construction of the building, new exits from the lobby through the building were arranged towards Vozdvizhenka, and the old ones, to Arbatskaya Square, were closed.
The architectural style as a whole is characteristic of the Soviet administrative buildings of the 1960s–1970s, but at the same time, there are certain features postmodernism in the design of the portals and in the drawing of the crowning part of the structure.
It has rough ironbark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or conical fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are more or less square in cross-section and dull greyish green leaves that are egg-shaped, long and wide.
Adult leaves are the same shade of dull green on both sides, lance-shaped to broadly lance-shaped, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets in groups of seven on an branched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
This eucalypt grows in rocky crevices on steep cliffs and is only known in a few places on the Gibraltar Range.
The Vancouver-produced series aired on Wednesdays at 5:00 p.m. from 6 July 1955 to 21 September 1955, then aired Mondays at 4:30 p.m. from 26 September 1955 until 25 June 1956.
Copper Peak is an mountain summit located in the Entiat Mountains, a sub-range of the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington State.
Copper Peak is situated 80 miles northeast of Seattle in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the glacier on the southeast slope drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Railroad Creek.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
With its impressive height, Copper Peak can have snow on it in late-spring and early-fall, and can be very cold in the winter.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
It can be awarded to Norwegian researchers who, through a dissertation or otherwise, have made significant contributions to the exploration of the polar areas in biology, geography, geophysics, geology, or oceanography.
Other awards include the Norwegian Nansen Medal for Outstanding Research, which in turn is linked to the Fridtjof Nansen Award for Outstanding Research, and the Nansen Refugee Award.
She had worked for the company for over a decade, working on its internal communications team before moving to YouTube marketing.
After he conquered the Manzhou Prefecture (蠻州, centred on modern Kaiyang County) from the Yi people, Song Jingyang was recognized as the hereditary ruler of the region by the Song court in 975.
The Song clan claimed to be the descendants of a Han Chinese named Song Ding (宋鼎) in their genealogy book; however the authenticity needed to be verified.
During the Ming conquest of Yunnan, Liu Shuzhen (劉淑貞) was the female regent of Shuidong, while Shuixi (Mu'ege) was ruled by the regent mother She Xiang (奢香).
In 1382, She Xiang decided to rebelled against Ming China because she was tortured by the Chinese general Ma Ye (馬曄).
Initially, the official residences of Shuixi and Shuidong rulers were in Guizhou City, Shuixi rulers were not allowed to go back to his chiefdom freely.
Though Ming court ordered Shuixi to suppress, An Guirong (安貴榮) of Shuixi was unwilling to do so, because the rebellion was tacit backed by Shuixi.
Sujatha Puthra (Legitimate Son) () is a 2016 Sri Lankan Sinhala-language drama film written and directed by Sripali Hettiarachchi and produced by director himself with Amila Rashendra for AIBA Films.
The film stars two child artists Pramuditha Udaya Kumara and Harshi Rasanga in the lead roles along with popular artists Dilhani Ekanayake, Mihira Sirithilaka and Nayana Kumari in supportive roles.
In her column on December 19, 2019, it was confirmed that Lea Salonga will return to the show, alongside with Bamboo Mañalac and Sarah Geronimo.
It was also published that Apl.de.ap, one of the original coaches of The Voice of the Philippines, alongside with Salonga, Mañalac, and Geronimo, is set to return for his third season of the franchise, after 4 years of hiatus, replacing Sharon Cuneta.
A new feature within the Blind Auditions this season is the Block, which each coach can use (up to two blocks) to prevent one of the other coaches from getting a contestant.
First implemented in the fourth season of the Kids Edition, an online show will return with the same hosts as Season 4 of the Kids version.
A new feature within the Blind Auditions this season is the Block, which each coach can use twice to prevent one of the other coaches from getting a contestant.
Following Hockey Australia's overhaul of the AHL and subsequent introduction of the Sultana Bran Hockey One League in 2019, Ephraums was named in the HC Melbourne squad for the inaugural season.
He followed this up with two appearances in 2018, again at the Sultan of Johor Cup, winning a bronze medal, and at an eight nations tournament in Spain in 2019.
In November 2019, Ephraums was named in the Kookaburras team for the first time, following one year in the National Development Squad.
He graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Western Ontario before attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Pasadena, California.
The inhabitants of this village have descended from Baba Shadi Shaheed, who was the first Chib Rajput, which most of the people of Panjeri are Chib Rajput along with neighbouring village of Kalri these two villages are a Chib Rajput stronghold and are very similar.
The founder of this village was Peer Taj Ud Din Bukhari and his shrine can be located at the heart of Panjeri.
The first primary school in Azad Kashmir was opened in Panjeri and was heavily influenced by Persian as it was the official state language during the Mughal reign.
The state of Panjeri was later split up into sub villages known as dhoks whilst still under the council of Panjeri.
Also hailing from the village is Ghulam Rasul Raja who was one of the first lieutenant colonels of the Pakistan Army and was awarded Sitara e Jurat (the third highest civilian award) for his bravery and sacrifices.
The Seventh Major General Raja Kashif Azad was promoted in 2019 and along with current lieutenant general of Kashmir Regiment Raja Sher Afgun who is one of the most senior officers in Pakistan Army.
Lieutenant Colonel Raja Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Lieutenant Colonel Raja Muhammad Arshad Khan, Brigadier Raja Noman Anwar, Brigadier Raja Salman Anwar ( Star Imtiaz Military), Brigadier Raja Waqas Zafar, Wing Commander Raja Jamal Aslam, Captain Raja Rashid Arshad.
Alexandra Huynh (born 25 July 1994) is an Australian association football player, who currently plays for Western Sydney Wanderers in the Australian W-League.
On February 2, 2016, Patten took over the role of Medium Alison while original actor Emily Skeggs was away doing a television project until May 22, 2016.
Patten won two awards as part of the ensemble, an Obie Award for Ensemble Performance,and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble.
Patten won an IRNE Award for Best Supporting Actress in a large stage musical and was nominated for the 2019 Elliot Norton Award for Best Musical Performance by an Actress for her performance.
Their first performance was at Rockwood Music Hall on August 5, 2019, and her second was at The Bitter End on October 13, 2019.
Lauren Patten is a queer bisexual woman, and she has done lots of activism regarding LGBTQIA+ rights, gun control and climate change.
Brown House, at 241 S. Main Ave. in Erwin, Tennessee, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Brown added to it during 1899 to 1916, and it has since remained mostly unchanged, including having, in 2007, its original plumbing, heating, and electrical systems.
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Rudolph attended Chicago's Dyrenfurth Academy and studied architecture under Bauer & Loebnitz and later with Augustus Bauer alone.
Furst, and designed such buildings as the William P. Henneberry House in 1883, the Braun & Fitts Butterine Factory in 1891, and the Crown Piano Company factory in 1895.
Rudolph served as architect for the Chicago Board of Education from December 12, 1888 to December 10, 1890, designing Mulligan School, among others.
It is brick, with brick laid in stretcher bond, and has a hipped roof which extends over a portico on its northwest side.
Situated on Sawtooth Ridge, west of Oval Lakes, Gray Peak is protected by the Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness within the Okanogan National Forest.
Precipitation runoff on the south side of the mountain drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Fish Creek, whereas the north side of the mountain drains into Oval Creek, which is a tributary of the Twisp River.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
She attended Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce in Lusaka where she specialised in sculpture and graduated in 1994 with an Art Teacher Diploma.
Together with her husband, Lawrence Yombwe, she founded and runs the Wayi Wayi Art Studio and Gallery in Livingstone, where they organise art clubs and workshops for adults and children.
Prior to that she taught art at Libala and Matero Boys Secondary Schools in Zambia for 7 years and in Botswana for 10 years.
She has also undertaken studio residencies at the Edvard Munch in Oslo, Norway and at the McColl Centre for Visual Art in North Carolina, USA.
Súper Astro Jr.'s real name is not a matter of public record, which is traditional for masked wrestlers who have never lost their mask in the ring.
At age 12 he was given an opportunity to play baseball at the highest national level for his age, but personal circumstances prevented it from happening, instead it encouraged him to focus on wrestling.
He previously worked as an auto mechanic and later on as a physiotherapist before dedicating his focus to wrestling full time.
His first confirmed match as Súper Astro Jr. took place on December 11, 2015 as he teamed up with Mimo to defeat Ejecutor and Tromba on an independent circuit show in Mexico City.
He was one of 16 men risking their wrestling mask on the outcome of a match for a Promociones R.A. show in Zaragoza, Puebla.
CMLL allows their wrestlers to compete on the Independent circuit as long as it does not interfere with their CMLL bookings.
This is a list of seasons played by Adelaide United FC (W-League), the women's section of Australian soccer club Adelaide United since its creation in 2008.
After Nader Shah's death, Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar fought against Karim Khan Zand and clashed with them over the capture of Mazandaran.
Mohammad Khan built a ditch called Kalbad on the ruins of Farrukhan the Great's wall, which for years had resisted Mazandaran attacks by the Turkmen.
Little Willie rhymes are light verses including an indifferent or cheerfully inappropriate response to a gruesome act of violence in a quatrain form attributed to Harry Graham (1874-1936).
Billy, in one of his nice new sashes,<br>Fell in the fire and was burnt to ashes;<br>Now, although the room grows chilly,<br>I haven’t the heart to poke poor Billy.
Willie walking on the track,<br>The engine gave the worst of squeals,<br>And then they turned the engine back<br>And scraped off Willie from the wheels.
The , also known simply as the Television Friend Channel or TV Friend Channel was a channel for the Nintendo Wii that allowed users to browse an Electronic Program Guide and watch live television broadcasts.
The channel was exclusively launched in Japan on March 4, 2008 and was available as a free download on the Wii Shop Channel.
The Television Friend Channel G-Guide for Wii ended its services on July 24, 2011 in accordance to the end of analog broadcasting in Japan.
The Television Friend Channel G-Guide for Wii let its users browse an Electronic Program Guide, which was built on Japanese company IPG's G-Guide.
Along with standard terrestrial analog broadcasting, terrestrial digital broadcasting, BS analog broadcasting and BS digital broadcasting were all supported for compatibility with both Analog and Digital televisions.
Users could control the Wii Remote as if it were a TV Remote, being able to switch between channels and change the volume.
In addition to being able to view television listings and watch live programs, you could search for shows by keyword, genre and performers.
Upon registering your mobile phone number or email address, you could even receive a notification informing you of the broadcast of a program 30 minutes before it aired.
There was also the option to view online statistics on stamped programs, which let you to view which programs were the most popular amongst users and sort the results by age group.
The Television Friend Channel G-Guide for Wii was succeeded by the now discontinued Nintendo TVii service, which was available for the Wii's successor, the Wii U.
She also represented Russia at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics and claimed gold medals in women's parallel giant slalom and parallel slalom events.
The Pittsburgh Penguins hold the record for the longest losing streak in NHL history at 18 games, which was set in the 2003–04 season; that team finished last in the NHL with a of 23–47–8–4 record (58 points).
The Chicago Blackhawks lost an NHL playoff record 16 straight games spanning five trips to the Stanley Cup playoffs between and .
The 2020 Canterbury Cup NSW will be the twelfth season of the New South Wales Cup, the top rugby league competition administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.
The competition acts as a second-tier league to the ten New South Wales-based National Rugby League clubs, as well the Canberra Raiders and New Zealand Warriors.
The competition will consist of 24 regular season rounds that will begin on the 14th of March and end on the 30th of August, they will be followed by 4 playoff rounds beginning on the 5th of September and ending with the grand final on the 27th of September.
She represented Russia at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics on her maiden Deaflympic appearance and claimed gold medals in women's big air and snowboard cross events.
She was a French teacher first in Martinique and in Bordeaux, before her relocation to Réunion, working in Saint-Denis, Réunion from 1965 until 1992.
Salvat militated for Reunionese culture within the associations Union for the Defense of Reunion Identity (UDIR) and Association Reunion Communication and Culture (ARCC).
She animated poetic and literary events, and regularly participated in various national and international fairs and festivals of poetry and theater.
Salvat was an Indian Ocean delegate member of the Société des poètes français; as well as a member of Centre Réunionnais d'Action Culturelle (CRAC), L’ADELF (Association des Ecrivains de Langue Française), and Maison des Ecrivains et de la Littérature.
His team competed for Sweden in the , because it was decided that the 1976 Swedish championship team from IF GÖTA (skip Jens Håkansson) was too young for the World Championship and so they went to the Worlds instead.
Originally called Public Service Worker (Korean: 공익근무요원, 公益勤務要員), it was renamed in 2013 due to an amendment to military service law.
The international cooperation agency and the art and physical education agency among public service workers were separated under the social service system.
The social service agent's five-day training course (after four weeks of basic military training) was implemented as a camp in 2015.
A double-employment permit system is available for socially disadvantaged workers, although this is similar to compulsory double labor for socially disadvantaged workers.
The Constitutional Court ruled that active duty soldiers be provided with ritual stocks from the military, allow salaries below the minimum wage (2011헌마307).
The Constitutional Court of Korea issued the Constitutional Court of Korea (2017헌마374), and for the first time in the history of the Republic of Korea, the Constitutional Court for the remuneration of social service personnel was referred to the Institutional Psychology.
The ILO believes that military conscription does not qualify as forced labor, but national mobilization for other work, including industrial technical personnel, public interest lawyers and public health doctors, does.
Korea criticized the Japanese military's kidnapping comfort women and Hashima' s forced recruitment of Koreans as forced labor, but rejects the comparison with the social service system.
Of the 187 member states of the ILO, nine have not ratified the ILO Core Conventions 29 and 105, including the Republic of Korea.
They advocated the end of the social service personnel system that forces young people who cannot qualify for military service due to physical limitations to carry out other labor.
Its main task is to carry out labor unrelated to military affairs and is inconsistent with the purpose and intent of the military service system.
Protestors claimed that politicians and others were allowed to take advantage of this system to escape military service even though that had no physical impairments.
The government argued that the social service system is not forced labor, but each time the ILO Secretariat issued a statement that the system violates the Convention.
According to the service organization and service field, it is divided into day work, day and night work, and camp work.
In December 2019, it was confirmed that a civil servant who had been hired for less than one to two months had instructed a social worker to sort 35,000 masks by himself.
The Expert Panel for Dispute Resolution was to begin on 30 December 2019, and finish before 30 March 2020, when a report on whether the system violated the FTA.
Social service agents have five categories of time off from work, including annual leave, sick leave, compassionate leave, emergency leave and official holiday.
Soldiers and a police officer's son/brother may serve six months as 'social service agents' even if they are above grade six.
Workers enrolled as a social service agent receive four weeks of basic military training at the Army Training Center, the Homeland Division, the Jeju Defense Command or the Naval Education Command.
Refinement education is a five-day camp under the auspices of the local Military Manpower Administration, which conducts job training after basic military training and the termination of refinement education.
The threestripe gourami normally shows one or two, almost never three, dark stripes running the length of its body but there it lacks any strip along the base of the anal fin.
The elongated reare anal fin rays do not reach beyond the middle of the caudal fin which is lanceolate in shape.
The threestripe gourami is found throughout the Mekong basin from Laos, through Thailand and Cambodia, including the Tonle Sap to the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.
It can be found in a variety of habitats among which are swamp forest, peat swamps, floodplains, river tributaries, irrigation canals, paddy fields, and roadside ditches.
It appears to prefer very slow flowing or still waters where there is a dense growth of aquatic vegetation or thick plant cover along the shores.
When the female is ready to mate she will move to directly beneath the bubblenestand the male will wrap his body around hers.
The female normally produces about ten eggs per mating and after fertilisation these float up into the bubblenest with any stray eggs being collected by the male and placed in the nest.
The structure is made up of modified tendons of the pectoral fin with muscles which are stretched and plucked by the bottom of the front fin rays of the pectoral fin in like the strings of a guitar.
Each pectoral fin can be beaten in turn, and can produce short or long bursts of sound which are produced by both sexes.
These fishes may be able to settle antagonistic interactions as they can use the sounds produced to assess the condition and fitness of nearby fishes.
The species was first discovered and imported to Europe by the German aquarist Dietrich Schaller, who is honoured in its specific name.
She is known to have exhibited her work in numerous shows both locally and internationally, including at FOCUS 10 – Art Basel in Switzerland, at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C., and the Dak’Art Biennale in Senegal.
Joe Jack Kennedy Jr. (born June 11, 1956) is an American politician who served in the Virginia Senate and House of Delegates.
Kennedy ran successfully for Senate in a June 4, 1991 special election following the death of John Buchanan; he lost reelection the following November after redistricting placed him in the same district as William C. Wampler Jr.
His team competed for Sweden in the , because it was decided that the 1976 Swedish championship team from IF GÖTA (skip Jens Håkansson) was too young for the World Championship and so they went to the Worlds instead.
Robert Hopton (died 1590), of Yoxford, Suffolk of St Mary Mounthaw, London, was an English Member of Parliament for Mitchell in 1563.
Like the Gakey house (site 66) it maintains in its main section the boxy hip-roofed form in a relatively vertical format, as compared to a horizontal type like the Numbers house (site 38); and it does so while introducing strong references to the bungalow mode.
Here, however, the floor space of the virtually square main block is extended not to the rear in response to a narrow city lot, but to the side in a two-story sun and sleeping-porch ell.
The execution and detail of the house are superior; it is altogether perhaps the firm's single most successful essay in a style which they generally handled well.
Of these, 55.1% spoke Ukrainian, 24.6% Russian, 11.9% Yiddish, 3.5% German, 2.1% Belarusian, 0.9% Polish, 0.8% Moldovan or Romanian, 0.6% Bulgarian, 0.2% Tatar, 0.1% Swedish and 0.1% Greek as their native language.
During the 2019 Winter Deaflympics, She surpassed Tone Tangen Myrvoll's record to become the most successful cross-country skier in Deaflympics history claiming a medal tally of 18 including 13 gold medals.
Johann Zacharias Frey, or Jan Zachariasz Frey (June 1769, Vienna - 8 August 1829, Warsaw) was an Austrian engraver and painter who spent most of his career in Poland.
At the invitation of the Czartoryski family, he went to Puławy, around 1794, where he made a series of engravings of the residence and the , established by Countess Izabela Czartoryska.
Of these, 85.1% spoke Ukrainian, 9.4% Russian, 3.7% Yiddish, 0.7% Moldovan or Romanian, 0.6% Belarusian, 0.3% German and 0.2% Polish as their native language.
The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and it is competed between 18 teams, the winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending of the result of a promotion play-off that is disputed against a winner of the neighboring counties series.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, the Romanian Football Federation proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
The Chapel of Rest, Brompton Cemetery, Brompton, Scarborough, in North Yorkshire, England is an early work by the ecclesiastical architect Temple Moore.
Francis Chambers, instigated a series of improvements to the church, including the closure of its original churchyard, and its replacement by a new cemetery.
The construction of a chapel of rest in the new cemetery was financed by Sir George Cayley, the local squire, resident at Brompton Hall.
From movie Mai sin rai fai sawat () After she had acted in a television drama, Due to actress Death face, Rarely smile Therefore receives the character as a mother The characters that are memorable is Consort mother.
Vasil Garnizov is one of the founders of the New Bulgarian University, secretary of the Society for New Bulgarian University, initiator of the establishment of the Department of Anthropology and a lecturer in the department since its inception.
He deals with the subject of photography and anthropology, as well as with the applied aspects of anthropology - local development, regional development, urban development, political culture, economic culture and health culture - including migration and health.
Between 1997 and 1999, he first held the post of Chief Secretary in the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works and then Director General at the National Centre for Regional Development.
Between 2004 and 2009, he was an Expert in the Parliamentary Committee on Regional Development, Local Authorities, and Public Works for the Bulgarian Parliament.
He is a member of the International Pragmatics Association in Amsterdam, the Association of Europeans in Brussels, the Council of Europe's Local and Regional Authorities Steering Committee, the Interdepartmental National Council on Ethnic and Demographic Issues The Council of Ministers, the Program Council of the Bulgarian National Television.
In mid-90s he published a study on the Bulgarian pomacs, in which he argues that they are not a homogenous group and identifies three subgroups.
After 1989 he introduces the concept of the anthropology of the political (political anthropology) among the Bulgarian research community, as well as anthropology of the economy (economic anthropology) and medical anthropology.
He also studies ecological attitudes of the population and the ways in which culture contributes and hinders to the protection of the environment.
James C. Creevey (16 September 1873 — February 1967), was an Irish chess player, two-times Irish Chess Championship winner (1933, 1934).
He eight times participated in Irish Chess Championships (1925, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1938) and two times won this tournament (1933, 1934).
Mamit Vanlalduatsanga (born 15 December 1996) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
She was part of the Brazilian team at the Water polo at the 2019 Pan American Games, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
Of these, 62.0% spoke Ukrainian, 13.5% Moldovan or Romanian, 11.0% Russian, 8.3% Yiddish, 3.8% German, 0.7% Polish, 0.2% Romani, 0.2% Bulgarian, 0.1% Czech, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Greek as their native language.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 2,502 out of 1,320 are males and 1,182 are females.
She competed in five events at the 2018 World Junior Championships, a 7th place in the combined event her best result, and then in four events at the 2019 World Junior Championships where she won a bronze medal in the giant slalom and a silver medal in the combined event.
She made her FIS Ski Jumping World Cup debut in March 2019 in Spindleruv Mlyn, collecting her first World Cup points with a 22nd place.
It is located near the metro station of the same name, between the streets U Kunratického lesa, Roztylská and the D1 motorway toward Brno.
Westfield Chodov is the largest shopping center in the Czech Republic with 300 shops, and the retail floor area is 100.000 m, the second largest in the country behind shopping centre Letňany.
It houses fashion shops, a Cinema City multiplex cinema, perfume and makeup boutiques, fast-food restaurants, cafes, restaurants, flower shops, bookstores, jewellery boutiques, electronic shops, sporting goods, dry cleaners, and shoe repair services.
On 12 July 1971 the D1 motorway was completed and on 7 November 1980 the Budovatelů metro station (today Chodov) was opened, and a new bus terminal was built there.
Around the same time, the Devětsil cultural house on Roztylská Street began to be built, but due to changes to the original socialist concept and a lack of finance, the construction was soon stopped, with only a part of the foundation built.
The construction ran according to schedule, but aggravated the surrounding environment with increased noise, dirt, and dust, with work often continuing overnight.
Another problem was the re-routing of pedestrian walkways in the vicinity, which extended the journeys of residents to the metro and for shopping.
The project also included a total reconstruction of parts of U Kunratického lesa, Roztylská, Pod Chodov and Brněnská (D1 motorway), which mostly meant repair of road surfaces and preparation of branches for planned parking space.
The old shelters and backgrounds from the 1980s were gradually dismantled and replaced with new exits, which were integrated with the main pavements being redesigned as part of the construction of the shopping center.
The primary investor for the project was the French company Unibail-Rodamco, the developer of AM Development; about four billion crowns were invested in the construction.
The opening ceremony took place on 9 November 2005, attended by Pavel Bém, the Mayor of Prague, and Marta Šorfová, the Mayor of Prague 11.
Large numbers of shoppers went to the center from early in the morning to buy goods in the various promotional offers.
First, at the beginning of 2015, the old shopping center Růže and the temporary parking lot of the Chodov Center were demolished, to make way for expansion.
The developer Unibail-Rodamco invested 4.4 billion crowns into the project, making it one of the largest retail project investments in the Czech Republic.
The shopping center was officially known as Centrum Chodov (sometimes referred to as OC Chodov) until September 26, 2019 when the center has been rebranded as Westfield Chodov to match the global brand of flagship shopping centers of Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, joining numerous centers in France, UK, Poland, Sweden and the USA.
The reconstructed center completed in 2017 resembled two large concrete blocks without windows, with a large gate for cars (underpass Roztylská street).
Floors -4, -3, -2 and -1 serve as an underground car park and 2 floors are reserved for the car park of the park and ride system connecting to metro C at Chodov, one of the largest in Prague with a capacity of over 600 cars.
In the second part of the center there is a monumental circular area, whose walls are plastered with a brick decoration.
There are 272 classical shops and 42 restaurants (2019), including fashion shops, perfume and makeup boutiques, flower shops, bookstores, jewellery boutiques, electronic shops, sporting goods, dry cleaners, and shoe repair services, as well as banks, travel agencies, mobile phone operators, hairdressers, and cafes.
The biggest sales area is Albert hypermarket in the center of the building (floor -2) with a sales area of 13,000 m. Retailers with branches in the shopping center include AJ Armani Jeans, Tommy Hilfiger, H&M, Zara, Promod, Swarovski, Sephora, MAC, Crabtree & Evelyn, Nike, and Foot Locker.
Cafes and restaurants are situated throughout the center, with a dedicated fast food area in the first and second floor of the south-western part of the center.
Before the reconstruction of 2017, this zone was located on the first floor of the northern part of the building overlooking the D1 and old Chodov.
There is a large bus stop on Roztylská Street served by bus lines 115, 135, 154, 177 and 197, as of January 2017.
He made his FIS Nordic Combined World Cup debut in December 2019 in Lillehammer, collecting his first World Cup points with a 19th and a 22nd place.
In 2018 he won a bronze medal in the team event, whereas in 2019 he won the bronze medal in the 10 kilometre race and a silver medal in the team event.
Patel is the primary inventor & patent holder of a painless diclofenac injection under the brand name – ‘DYNAPAR-AQ’ by Troikaa Pharmaceuticals Ltd. For this Government of India’s Department of Science & Industrial Research also conferred National Award in 2008.
In 2008, he invented a quick penetrating solution of Diclofenac for topical administration known as 'DYNAPAR QPS', for which he was conferred National Award in 2015 by Department of Science & Technology, Govt of India.
Of these, 66.1% spoke Ukrainian, 15.2% Russian, 9.4% Yiddish, 6.0% Moldovan or Romanian, 1.0% Belarusian, 0.9% German, 0.8% Bulgarian, 0.4% Polish, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
After he conquered the Qianzhong area (present-day eastern Guizhou Province), Tian Zongxian was recognized as the hereditary ruler of the region by the Sui court in 582.
The Tian clan claimed to be descendants of Han Chinese in their genealogy book; however the authenticity needed to be verified.
The Chiefdom of Sizhou was established in 876 when the first chieftain Tian Zongxian occupied Qianzhong area (黔中, modern-day eastern Guizhou) in southwest China.
Tian Mao'an died soon after this battle, his successor Tian Renzhi (田仁智) switched allegiance to Ming court, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered them to cease fire.
In the same year, Guizhou Province was created, both Sizhou and Sinan were fully annexed into the central bureaucratic system of the Ming dynasty.
He was one of the discoverers of element 117, tennessine, which was named after the state of Tennessee because of his contribution.
He received his bachelor's degree from Mississippi College, his master's and doctoral degrees from Indiana University, and honorary doctorates from Mississippi College and the Goethe Universitât Frankfurt.
Jean-Baptiste Leblond, born on 21 May 1957 in Boulogne-Billancourt, is a materials scientist, member of the Mechanical Modelling Laboratory of the Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University (MISES) and professor at the same university.
Leblond attended his scientific preparatory classes, notably in the special M' mathematics class at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and was admitted to the École normale supérieure de la rue d'Ulm, mathematics option, in 1976.
The theory proposes an evolutionary model to quantify the composition of the different phases of a crystalline material during heat treatment.
The method is based on experimentally established CRT (Continuous Cooling Transformation) diagrams to compose TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) diagrams, which are widely used for numerical simulation or for the manufacture of industrial parts.
The Leblond model is designed for applications in the thermometallurgical treatment of steels; this explains its success with the modellers of these treatments.
She became an Asiko International School Alumni under CCA Lagos in 2015 and in 2016, she attended the summer school at International Summer Academy of fine Arts in Salzburg, Austria.
She has exhibited her work both locally and internationally, including at Tupelo International Artists Workshop Exhibiton in Cape Town, Dak’Art Biennale and Gallery of Small Things both in Senegal.
Isfandiyar's father was Mirza Allah Yar Khan (also spelt Ilahyar, Allahyar or Ilah Yar) and his grandfather was Iftikhar Khan Turkmen (also known as Iftiyar), both of who took part in Islam Khan I's battle at Daulambapur, South Sylhet against Khwaja Usman in 1612.
Following Mir Jumla II's conquest of Cooch Behar, Isfandiyar Beg was put in charge of governing the area and defeated the previous ruler, Pran Narayan.
Isfandiyar was known to have destroyed the Adina Mosque replica in Sylhet town because the imam started Eid prayers without waiting for him.
Isfandiyar officially recognised Pir Bakhsh as the rightful khadim (guardian) of Shah Jalal's dargah, a descendant of Haji Sareqaum Muhammad Yusuf Amanullah who was the dargah's first guardian.
A colour supplement or colour magazine is a magazine with full-colour printing, typically printed on glossy paper, that is packaged with a newspaper.
Interfacial rheology is a branch of rheology that studies the flow of matter at the interface between a gas and a liquid or at the interface between two immiscible liquids.
Unlike in bulk rheology, the deformation of the bulk phase is not of interest in interfacial rheology and its effect is aimed to be minimized.
In this case, two barriers that limit the interfacial area are being oscillated sinusoidally and the change in surface tension measured.
The equations are similar to dilatational interacial rheology but shear modulus is often marked with G instead of E like in dilational methods.
This method is often used in combination with a Langmuir trough in order to be able to conduct the experiment as a function of the packing density of the molecules or particles.
The response depends on the layer composition, and thus interfacial rheology is relevant in many applications in which adsorbed layer play a crucial role, for example in development surfactants, foams and emulsions.
Interfacial rheology enables the study of surfactant kinetics, and the viscoelastic properties of the adsorbed interfacial layer correlate well with emulsion and foam stability.
Polymers, such as proteins, are surface active and tend to adsorb at the interface, where they can change conformation and influence the interfacial properties.
Natural surfactants like asphaltenes and resins stabilize water-oil emulsions in crude oil applications, and by understanding their behavior the crude oil separation process can be enhanced.
Of these, 37.4% spoke Russian, 22.0% Yiddish, 21.9% Ukrainian, 10.3% German, 3.0% Polish, 1.4% Bulgarian, 1.2% Greek, 1.2% Moldovan or Romanian, 0.3% Belarusian, 0.2% Tatar, 0.2% Armenian, 0.2% French, 0.1% Italian, 0.1% Czech, 0.1% Latvian, 0.1% Lithuanian, 0.1% English and 0.1% Turkish as their native language.
He sixth times participated in Irish Chess Championships (1922, 1924, 1925, 1931, 1932, 1938) and two times won this tournament (1922, 1931).
Maisie Renault (13 December 1907 – 7 April 2003) was a French Resistance fighter, a member of the Confrérie Notre-Dame network, she was arrested in 1942 and deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in 1944.
Her father was Léon Renault, professor of philosophy and English and inspector general of an insurance company and her mother Marie Decker was daughter of composer Théodore Decker.
Her other siblings included Isabelle, born on 26 August 1923 and Philippe, born 29 March 1915, killed in Lübeck-Neustadt Bay, 3 May 1945, both members of the Confrérie Notre Dame-Castille network and both also deported.
She spent a short time with her brother Gilbert in Gabon before returning home as the accountant for an agricultural cooperative.
Renault joined in December 1940 and by the same time the following year she joined their Paris headquarters on rue Madame.
Renault was responsible for sorting the information to go to London, prioritising it and transcribing the coded language and ensuring the radio operators had the details needed.
Initially Renault was isolated and kept incommunicado in La Santé prison, then in Fresnes Prison until March 1943 before she was moved to Romainville and Compiègne.
As soon as Renault's health was stable and she had received all the necessary medical care, she began to write down her memories of the deportation.
She asked her brother to edit it and rearrange it into chapters but he decided to leave it as she had written it.
She was sunk on 3 December 1944 after being torpedoed by the German submarine on its way to St John with a loss of 43 crew.
On 11 September 1942 while moored at the harbour of Bridgetown, Barbados she was fired upon by with multiple G7e torpedoes at a distance of .
She was raised and then towed to the port at Trinidad and then towed again to Mobile on 24 January 1943.
The ship's captain, Emerson Robinson, was instructed to sail unescorted through the Cape Cod Canal and then up the coast of New England before finally arriving at their destination Saint John.
The crew attempted to lower the amidships lifeboat on the starboard side but the lifeboat was caught on the davits rendering it unusable.
Of the 48 crew members, only 6 would escape the sinking vessel and make their way to a lifeboat which had floated free when the vessel sunk.
Yves Pomeau, born in 1942, is a French mathematician and physicist, emeritus research director at the CNRS and corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences.
He was a researcher at the CNRS from 1965 to 2006, ending his career as DR0 in the Physics Department of the Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) (Statistical Physics Laboratory) in 2006.
He was a lecturer in physics at the École Polytechnique for two years (1982–1984), then a scientific expert with the Direction générale de l'armement until January 2007.
He was a Visiting Professor at MIT in Applied Mathematics in 1986 and in Physics at UC San Diego in 1993.
His work has had a profound influence in several areas of physics, and in particular on the mechanics of continuous media.
In his thesis he showed that in a dense fluid the interactions are different from what they are at equilibrium and propagate through hydrodynamic modes, which leads to the divergence of transport coefficients in 2 spatial dimensions.
Together with Paul Manneville they discovered a new mode of transition to turbulence, the transition by temporal intermittency, which was confirmed by numerous experimental observations.
In papers published in 1973 and 1976, Hardy, Pomeau and de Pazzis introduced the first Lattice Boltzmann model, which is called the HPP model after the authors.
Generalizing ideas from his thesis, together with Uriel Frisch and Brosl Hasslacher, they found a very simplified microscopic fluid model (FHP model) which allows to simulate very efficiently the complex movements of a real fluid .
Reflecting on the situation of the transition to turbulence in parallel flows, he showed that turbulence is caused by a contagion mechanism, and not by local instability.
The consequence is that this transition belongs to the class of directed percolation phenomena in statistical physics, which has also been amply confirmed by experimental and numerical studies.
From his more recent work we must distinguish those concerning a phenomenon typically out of equilibrium, that of the emission of photons by an atom maintained in an excited state by an intense field that creates Rabi oscillations.
The theory of this phenomenon requires a precise consideration of the statistical concepts of quantum mechanics in a theory satisfying the fundamental constraints of such a theory.
With Martine Le Berre and Jean Ginibre they showed that the good theory was that of a Kolmogorov equation based on the existence of a small parameter, the ratio of the photon emission rate to the atomic frequency itself.
The theory of superconductivity is based on the idea of the formation of pairs of electrons that become more or less bosons undergoing Bose-Einstein condensation.
Together with Len Pismen and Sergio Rica they have shown that, going back to Onsager's idea explaining the quantification of the circulation in fundamental quantum states, it is not necessary to use the notion of electron pairs to understand this halving of the circulation quantum.
He showed that the discrepancies appearing in the hydrodynamics of the moving contact line on a solid surface could only be eliminated by taking into account the evaporation/condensation near this line.
Nevertheless with Serge Mora and collaborators they have shown theoretically and experimentally that soft gel filaments are subject to Rayleigh-Plateau instability, an instability never observed before for a solid.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Bihor is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Bihor, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Of these, 33.3% spoke Ukrainian, 24.9% Moldovan or Romanian, 16.9% Russian, 9.9% Yiddish, 9.8% German, 3.7% Bulgarian, 0.8% Polish, 0.2% Armenian, 0.1% Belarusian, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
She begins having an affair with a man who promises to take her back to Europe and away from the tropical colony which she finds like a prison.
In the 1870s the navy in the Dutch East Indies consisted of an auxiliary squadron of four ships from the Netherlands, and the colonial navy of 22 ships.
In May 1873 a budget law was proposed to increase the 1873 budget for the Dutch East Indies budget by 5.5 million guilders.
Of this increase 1,400,000 guilders were meant for four steamships 4th class; 720,000 for two iron paddle steamers and 200,000 for ten steam launches.
In a longer comment on the budget change, the government noted that the ships of the Indische Militaire Marine were made out of oak, and therefore not suitable for long service in the tropics.
The four composite built ships of the Riouw type and the Sumatara steam paddle vessel would leave for the Indies in 1873.
Therefore four more ships of the Riouw type (the Pontianak class) and one extra steam paddle vessel type Sumatra were required.
The government also said that: Naval officers and ship building engineers agreed that the improved screw steam ships fourth class were an excellent type of ship for the tasks of the Indische Militaire Marine.
As regards spaciousness and ventilation they did not suffer from the defects of the old steam ships fourth class, and offered the officers and men lodgings suitable to the Indian climate.
They were especially recommended for 'station duty' (stationsdienst, many outposts had a ship posted in place for a long time) because of their moderate coal consumption.
For the service these ships were just as useful as the screw steam ships third class, but they required less men.
(18 December 1873 – 16 May 1874), four more steam ships fourth class, meant for the East Indies, were laid down and more paddle ships were started.
It can be asserted below that the four screw steam ships arriving in the Indies about September 1874 indeed were four ships of the Pontianak class.
She had the same dimensions, displacement and nominal power as the rest of the class , but she was build for the Dutch navy.
The ships of the Pontiak class were to join in executing the five tasks of the navy during the Aceh war.
These were: blockading the coast of Aceh; supporting landing operations; transporting men and equipment of the expedition force; executing all kinds of communication services; executing punitive expeditions on the coast.
The Vesuvius class had length * beam * draught 45.5 * 9.2 * 4.3 m, the Pontianaks 42.0 * 8.8 * 3.6 m. In other words, the Vesuvius class was much longer, wider and deeper than the Pontianaks, and yet displacement was almost the same.
It reflects Tideman's note that the requirement that the ships should draw more than 3.5 m of water made the lines of the ships 'somewhat fuller than would otherwise have been desirable'.
The Pontianak and Bandjermasin arrived at Aceh, East Indies on 11 September 1874 On their way to Aceh the Palembang and Sambas reached Galle on Sri Lanka on 30 September 1874.
The 2019 Revline Toruń FIM Speedway Grand Prix of Poland was the tenth and final race of the 2019 Speedway Grand Prix season.
The Speedway Grand Prix Commission nominated Adrian Miedziński as the wild card, and Jakub Miśkowiak and Karol Żupiński both as Track Reserves.
It was the third win Grand Prix win of Madsen's career, and his second in a row after winning the 2019 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain.
Despite scoring a maximum 21 points, Madsen could not overhaul Zmarzlik in the race for the world title - losing out by just two points.
Sayfutdinov and Madsen both closed in on overall leader Zmarzlik by claiming 17 points, however the Pole's third place meant he took a nine-point lead into the final round of the year in Toruń (see intermediate classification table below).
A member of the Confrérie Notre-Dame network, she was arrested in 1942 and deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in 1944.
Born Madeleine Alice Renault on 7 October 1921 in Vannes to Léon Renault, professor of philosophy and English and inspector general of an insurance company and her Marie Decker, daughter of composer Théodore Decker.
Her other siblings included Isabelle, born on 26 August 1923 and also deported, and Philippe, born 29 March 1915, deported and later killed in Lübeck-Neustadt Bay, 3 May 1945, both members of the Confrérie Notre Dame-Castille network.
She was imprisoned in Vannes, in the Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp and in Romainville , before being deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp.
The 2019 DTM Hockenheim round is a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 4 and 5 May 2019.
Born in Glasgow, Fulton worked as an iron moulder, joining the Associated Iron Moulders of Scotland (AIMS) union, and also the Independent Labour Party.
In 1913, Fulton was elected as one of three assistant secretaries of AIMS, alongside John Whyte and Robert Smith, with a remit to focus on the new benefits scheme administered by the union.
He worked closely with the union's president, Tom Bell, and supported the Clyde Workers' Committee, giving strike pay to its members who took industrial action.
The CWS Bank extended credit to the union, the journal was put out quarterly rather than monthly, and the union proposed higher contributions and lower benefits to members.
Chakrabarti runs the digital agency Nameless, is Vice president of the Bristol Chamber of Commerce, board member of Home Office Transparency in Supply Chains MSSIG (Modern Slavery Strategy & Implementation Group), and ran the successful campaign to appoint a Mayor of Bristol in 2012.
As CEO of Transparency in the Supply Chains (TISC), a public database of company compliance with anti-slavery laws, Chakrabarti has criticised the reluctance of companies to comply with anti-slavery laws.
Chakrabarti serves on the Board of Bristol's Watershed Media Centre, Great Western Ventures, is a member of OFCOM's Consumer Panel, and is a Business Fellow with the University of the West of England.
In 2017 she and her husband Stuart Gallemore helped to save the life of a man who fell into Bristol Harbour while drunk by alerting others who came to his aid.
Haider Al-Ameri (; born 29 May 1997) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a Right-Back for Al-Bukayriyah on loan from Al-Adalah.
Al-Ameri helped Al-Adalah reach the Pro League, the top tier of Saudi football, for the first time in the club's history.
She was runner-up in the women's 2013 IBSF World Six-reds Championship, failing to score in three of the four frames in the final, losing 0–4 to Ng On-yee.
Hussain Al-Jassem (; born 13 August 1994) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a Forward for Al-Khaleej on loan from Al-Adalah.
After just a season with the club, Al-Jassem helped Al-Adalah reach the Pro League, the top tier of Saudi football, for the first time in the club's history.
Commercially, the song peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 In the United States, it has topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts , and reached the top 30 in 20 in other countries.
he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack, the novel centers on the idea of death and suicide.
Born in Königsberg, Schubert studied musicology, sociology and philosophy at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn with Günther Massenkeil, at the Freie Universität Berlin with Rudolf Stephan and at the University of Zürich with Kurt von Fischer.
Since 1974 he has been working as the editor of the Hindemith Complete Edition at the in Frankfurt, which he directed from 1991 to 2011.
He is co-editor of the Kurt Weill complete edition and member of the editorial board of the Bohuslav Martinů Complete Edition.
He has also taught in other higher education establishments (Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University, École des mines de Paris, École nationale des ponts et chaussées, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées, École centrale Paris).
They are focused on the transition from microscopic to macroscopic material mechanics, at the crossroads between the mechanics of continuous media and materials science.
His research work has been devoted to investigating the relationships between the microstructure of mesoscale materials (scale of polycrystal grains, inclusions or fibres in composites, phase domains in multiphase materials...) and their macroscopic mechanical behaviour, both in deformation and damage.
In this framework, his contributions focus on the design, development and use of theoretical, methodological and experimental tools to link the microscopic and macroscopic scales in materials mechanics.
He then (1972-90) developed a mechanistic approach to crystal plasticity: characterization and representation of latent strain-hardening for different classes of single crystals, prediction of its role in the strain-hardening of polycrystals, the formation of crystallographic textures and the initiation of plastic instabilities in large deformations (shear bands...); analysis of the mechanical influence of grain boundaries , triple junctions and intergranular sliding on the plasticity of multicrystals and polycrystals.
Mécanique), boards of directors and scientific councils (ENPC, École centrale Paris, ENS Cachan, ENSMA, EDF, Arcelor, CEA-DAM) and evaluation bodies (National Evaluation Commission, National Committee for Scientific Research, National Council of Universities, National Agency for the Evaluation of Scientific Research, National Council for Universities, etc.
He has been a corresponding member of the French Academy of Ssciences since 1990, a founding member of the French Academy of Technologies since 2000, a foreign associate member of the Hassan-II Academy of Science and Technology since 2006, Grand Medal of the SF2M (2002), laureate of the French Academy of sciences (Prix Trémont, 1982), CNRS bronze medal (1971).
It became a home for Royal Engineers training regiments after the war and, as consolidation of those regiments took place in 1959, it served as the home of 1 Training Regiment Royal Engineers in the 1960s and early 1970s.
Although the military training area still exists, the site is now largely occupied by a modern housing estate which was built in the 1980s.
Herman Christopher Paus (4 May 1897 – 11 March 1983) was a Norwegian competitive skiier, who was among the pioneers of Nordic combined and ski jumping in the 1910s and 1920s.
A relative of playwright Henrik Ibsen, Herman Paus was married to Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus; as such he was the son-in-law of Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy.
He grew up at Bygdøy near Oslo; his father Karl L. Paus was an engineer and steel industrialist, and a first cousin of playwright Henrik Ibsen.
Since the late 1910s Herman Paus was active in competitive skiing in Norway as a member of SFK Lyn; he participated in numerous national and international competitions.
Herman Paus was educated as an agronomist at Vinterlandbruksskolen in Christiania, then at Pederstrup in Denmark and Valinge manor in Sweden.
In 1923 he became manager of the Herresta estate, owned by his relative, papal chamberlain and count Christopher Tostrup Paus, who spent most of his time in Rome.
They were paternal second cousins, but Christopher Tostrup Paus was also his mother's first cousin; both were descended from wealthy timber merchant Christopher Tostrup.
In early 1940 the engagement between Herman Paus and Countess Tatiana Tolstoy was announced; a member of the Tolstoy family, Tatiana was the last surviving grandchild of Leo Tolstoy.
Herman and Tatiana Paus had four children, and their descendants own the Herresta and Näsbyholm estates in Södermanland; their daughter Tatiana Paus is known as one of the personal friends of the King and Queen of Sweden.
The Pierce-Arrow armoured lorry was a heavy armoured car mounting a QF 3-pounder Vickers gun, it was used by the Royal Naval Air Service during the First World War.
The Pierce-Arrow armoured lorry was a turreted armoured lorry based on an imported American Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company 5-ton truck chassis with added armoured bodywork, it was armed with a turreted QF 3-pounder Vickers gun.
The Pierce-Arrow had a front mounted engine protected by folding armoured panels, behind the engine was an enclosed driver's compartment a single two armoured shutter, the turret was behind the driver's compartment.
The Pierce-Arrow armoured lorry used the same chassis as the Pierce-Arrow armoured AA lorry, it used identical bonnet armour as the latter whilst the driver's compartment was reduced to half width to allow the main gun to fire forwards.
Construction of the two Pierce-Arrow armoured lorries was carried out by W. G. Allen & Sons in Tipton, who used armoured plate for the fighting compartment, the turret turntables were manufactured by John Shearman & Co at Newport, Wales, where the RNAS had a depot to service armoured cars.
The two vehicles were dispatched to Russia in 1916 with No 1 Squadron, Royal Naval Armoured Car Division under Commander Oliver Locker-Lampson for the expedition to Russia and the Causasus.
Throughout the campaign the Pierce-Arrows provided heavy fire support to the lighter Lanchester armoured cars that made up the bulk of the force.
In Russia the weight proved to be too heavy for the chassis so the turrets were removed, and the guns were mounted on a pedestal with a shield, and the hull sides were filled in with flat plates.
Nagendra Saklani was a communist leader who sacrificed his life while trying to defend the liberated Kirt Nagar division of the princely state of Tehri Garhwal from the retake bid by the royal forces of Tehri State on 11 January 1948.
Nagendra Saklani was born on 16 November 1920 in the village of Pujar Gaon in Saklana Patti of the princely state of Tehri Garhwal.
During his school days he came in contact with the Praja Mandal activities in the erstwhile princely state of Tehri and joined the organization to actively participate in the freedom movement.
Saklani was actively involved in organizing the activities of Praja Mandal, an offshoot of the Congress that worked exclusively in the princely states of India during the British occupation.
He was amongst the first batch of students of Anand Swaroop Bhardwaj, a young Marxist from Allahabad, sent to Dehradun to formally establish the communist party in the Garhwal region.
His activities infuriated a faction of Praja Mandal leaders who were interested in following a liberal approach in dealing with the King of the princely state of Tehri.
However few young activists like Bhudev Lakhera, Trepan Singh Negi and Inder Singh Rana continued to collaborate with Nagendra Saklani in assisting the peasants' movement.
On 15 August 1947, India became an independent country, however, rule of the king in the princely state of Tehri still continued.
The villagers of the Saklana revolted against the new taxes imposed by the Jageerdar of Saklana, a small state within the princely state of Tehri.
On 13 September 1947, the King sent an army contingent to Saklana to enforce new taxes and collect penalties from the villages.
A few days later the Muaafidar (landlord) of Sakalana Patti cancelled all its treaties with the princely state and announced the merger of Saklana with the union of India.
However next day, that is on 11 January 1948, a contingent of royal army under the command of Jagdish Dobhal arrived from Narendra Nagar with orders to forcibly retake the Kirti Nagar court and other buildings.
Trepan Singh Negi a Praja Mandal activist, Devi Dutt Tiwari a communist leader, Dada Daulat Ram, a peasant leader and Triloki Nath Purvar a congress volunteer played an important role in controlling the crowd.
The state was now in the hands of revolutionaries who ran the administration till 1 August 1949, when the princely state of Tehri was legally merged within the union of India.
Michael Adam Gerber Stocker is an American philosopher and Irwin & Marjorie Guttag Professor of Ethics and Political Philosophy at Syracuse University.
FCA Heritage is the FCA Group’s department established to protect and promote the historic legacy - both automotive and archival - of the Italian brands Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Abarth.
It was founded in Torino in 2015 to coordinate all the activities which, up to that moment, had been conducted individually by the brands to promote their historical and cultural heritage.
In the 1960s and 1970s, several Italian automotive manufacturers (that later merged into the FCA Group) launched programmes to protect and promote their historical heritage, which led to the opening of the Centro Storico Fiat (Fiat Historical Center) in Turin in 1963 and, later, of the Lancia Museum in 1971.
Both the Alfa Romeo Museum and the Centro Storico Fiat are still in operation and house the automotive collections and historical production records of their respective brands, in addition to archival collections which include technical drawings and designs, advertising materials, financial and industrial documentation, films and images.
In the same years, Fiat acquired Autobianchi in 1968, Ferrari and Lancia in 1969, Abarth in 1971, Alfa Romeo in 1986 and finally Innocenti and Maserati in 1990.
The Lancia Museum, located in Borgo San Paolo in Turin closed in 1993 and the cars of its collection were transferred to an industrial building belonging to the Fiat Group in Beinasco.
The collection of the brands's record-breaking and rally racing cars was put on display in the new Abarth headquarters, located in the industrial hub of Mirafiori.
Fiat S.p.A. and Chrysler Group in 2014 merged to become FCA and FCA Heritage was founded the following year to expand the Abarth experience to the Alfa Romeo, Fiat and Lancia brands.
The automotive designer had led the Centro Stile Fiat (FCA EMEA Design Center) and is the creator of Fiat Multipla and Fiat 500.
In addition to the over 300 cars at the Hub, the FCA Heritage collection includes some 30 vintage Fiat cars on display in the Centro Storico Fiat and more than 250 Alfa Romeo cars kept in the Alfa Romeo Museum in Arese.
FCA Heritage works to protect the historical heritage of the brands of the Group by periodically restoring and maintaining the cars in the company's collection.
FCA Heritage has listed and mapped all the official Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Abarth clubs and takes part in international exhibitions dedicated to vintage cars in official capacity, including Concours d'Elegance, rallies, classic car gatherings and specialised motor shows, such as Goodwood Festival of Speed, Rétromobile, the Geneva Motor Show, Mille Miglia, the Cesana-Sestriere rally and Targa Florio.
FCA Heritage donated a Fiat 500 F to the MOMA in New York and has established relationships with the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the Triennale Design Museum in Milan, the Musée National de la Voiture in Compiègne and the Technik Museum in Sinsheim which in 2019 dedicated the opening exhibition of its new display area to the history of Alfa Romeo.
In June 2007, a man was arrested on suspicion of being the perpetrator, and was charged with five counts of rape and two counts of sexual assault.
The suspected perpetrator was linked to at least one of the crime scenes via DNA evidence, with authorities also discovering that he had been convicted of rape in neighboring Norway.
In November 2008, the suspect was convicted by the Gothenburg District Court for four cases of serious rape and one sexual assault, and sent off to a closed psychiatric care clinic.
The rapist had the habit of lounging over his victims, who were asleep in their bed, and then held up a knife to the victim's neck, so they couldn't resist.
He spent eight years as a branch officer before, in 1886, he was elected as assistant general secretary of the union, then in 1894 he became general secretary.
He also supported the Labour Representation Committee, and backed his old friend Arthur Henderson as the union's first sponsored Parliamentary candidate.
The tour was sponsored by A. Mosely, who later proposed a Civic Federation Scheme of compulsory negotiations, which Maddison backed, but the union as a whole rejected.
A stomacher - sometimes called a devant de corsage - is a piece of jewellery worn on the centre panel of the bodice of a dress, which is itself also called a stomacher.
In the 18th and 19th century, stomachers became large, eye-catching pieces of jewellery to be worn with formal court gowns or ball gowns.
If it consists of one element, this is best described as a large and elaborate brooch to be worn at the top of the bodice, in the centre of the neckline.
A stomacher that consists of more than one element often has the overall shape of an inverted triangle: the element to be worn at the neckline is widest, with the lower elements tapering downwards towards the waist and covering the entire centre panel of the bodice.
Ever since the Renaissance, the centre panels of bodices were adorned with precious stones and pearls that were sewn to the fabric.
The stomacher as a separate piece of jewellery became popular in the second half of the 18th century and was worn until the beginning of the 20th century.
It provides an insurance backed guarantee underwritten by Great Lakes Insurance SE and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which allows tenants to pay less upfront when renting.
Co-founded by Jon Notley, a former Commercial director at Zoopla, Gavin Wiseman and Ben Austin, Zero Deposit is the trading name of Global Property Ventures Limited and is partnered with insurance industry leader Munich Re.
The Zero Deposit Guarantee is an option instead of the traditional rental cash deposit, in the form of an insurance backed guarantee paid for by the tenant.
Instead of paying a cash deposit, tenants pay a premium equal to one week’s rent to move into their new home.
Zero Deposit is partnered with thousands of letting agents across England and Wales as well as the national landlord association and the residential landlord association.
A number of letting agencies, including Countrywide, Connells, Douglas and Gordon, Foxtons, Barnard Marcus, Knight Frank, John D Wood, Acorn Group, and KFH have signed up to Zero Deposit to provide their customers with deposit replacement scheme.
Mahar Mohamed ( )( born on 12 May 1996) born in Saudi Arabia is a Chadian professional footballer who plays for Al-Ettifaq as a forward.
John Thure Charles Walentin Svahlstedt (born May 2, 1947), dubbed Södermannen, Hagamannen and Fönstermannen by the police and media alike, is a Swedish serial rapist active in the areas of Södermalm, Stockholm and Haga, Gothenburg from the 1970s to 1980s.
Armed with a knife and wearing a mask, Svahlstedt first started raping women in Gothenburg's Haga district from 1971 to 1973.
When he was arrested, he admitted a total of 13 rapes, and was sentenced to four years of imprisonment for 26 assaults.
He never admitted his guilt, but was still convicted of six counts of rape, two counts of sexual assault, deprivation of liberty, unlawful infringement and fraud.
In 2013, Svahlstedt was convicted of raping a minor and purchasing child pornography, after raping a young girl for two years.
The union grew quickly, and in 1904 he led a delegation to investigate working conditions in the light castings trade in England.
Logan was active in the Labour Party, winning election to Falkirk Town Council, and served as term as the town's provost.
Ayash started his career with Al-Duhail where On 2019 he was promoted from the youth team to the first team and he signed a contract with Al-Duhail for five-years.
The arm Henriette (English: Henriette's arm) is a tributary of the Bras de Jacob, flowing in the southern part of the city of Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The small valley of the Bras Henriette is served by some secondary forest roads, especially for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Henriette arm is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Bras Henriette rises at the mouth of Gilbert Lake (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area in the zec Mars-Moulin.
From the mouth of the Henriette arm, the current successively follows the course of the Bras de Jacob on towards the east, the course of the Rivière du Moulin on to the north, then the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
After that he became commander of Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 in June 2017, Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group in October 2018 and Commander United Kingdom Maritime Forces in December 2019.
He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services in Afghanistan in the 2015 Special Honours.
The Bras de Jacob Ouest (English: arm of Jacob West) is a tributary of the Bras de Jacob, flowing successively in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, then in Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province from Quebec, to Canada.
The small valley of the Bras de Jacob Ouest is served indirectly by the route 175 which passes on the west side and by the path of Lac-du-Bois-Joli which passes on the north shore of the lake Jacob.
A few other secondary forest roads serve the valley of the Bras de Jacob Ouest, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Bras de Jacob Ouest is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The Bras de Jacob Ouest rises at the mouth of Lac Graveline (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
From the mouth of Bras de Jacob Ouest, the current successively follows the course of Bras de Jacob on towards the east, the course of the rivière du Moulin on towards the north, then the course of the Saguenay River on towards the east until at Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
the Bystrinsky Golets is a ‘’golets’’-type of mountain with a bald peak that rises just above the source of the Chikoy River.
Hooshang Talé () is an Iranian pan-Iranist politician who served as a member of parliament from 1967 to 1971, representing Rudsar.
He was an expert at economics bureau of the Planning Organisation of Iran and holds a PhD in political science, obtained from a university in Germany.
This list of comedy and humor awards provides an index to articles on notable awards for comedy and humor, including writing and performance.
The list is organized by the country of the sponsoring organization, although a few of the awards are not restricted to one country.
Released as a single in late 1985, it reached number 29 in West Germany, number 14 in Austria and number 30 in Switzerland.
The song is written by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
The bras Sec (English: Dry Arm) is a tributary of the rivière du Moulin, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The small valley of the Bras Sec is served by a few secondary forest roads, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities .
The surface of the Dry arm is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
Le Bras Sec rises at the mouth of Lake Catellier (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area in the zec Mars-Moulin.
The Sec arm flows into a bend in the west bank of the rivière du Moulin, near (west side) of Coupau lake.
From the mouth of the Sec arm, the current successively follows the course of the rivière du Moulin on generally north, then the course from the Saguenay River on eastwards to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Esmail Farivar () was an Iranian pan-Iranist politician who served as a member of parliament from 1967 to 1971, representing Rezaiyeh.
Farivar was a graduate of political science from University of Tehran, and for some time worked as an attaché at the Iranian embassy in Paris.
Willard Ross Laughon (29 January 1911 – 5 June 1999), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Captain in the United States Navy.
He was a member of the Legislative Assembly representing the Northern territories on the ticket of the Northern People's Party (NPP) from 1951 to 1954.
Upon the demise of the Bawku Naba (Bawku chief), Awuni supported his uncle to be enskinned as the new Bawku Naba but he was unsuccessful.
Awuni blamed Mumuni Bawumia for the failure and felt he could no longer remain a member of the NPP as long as Mumuni Bawumia remained a member of the party.
He then resigned from the NPP and crossed carpets to join the Convention People's Party (CPP) backbenchers in parliament in August 1957.
In 2009–10 season the team had the opportunity to participate in the Pirveli Liga next year, but the club did not take the opportunity due to financial problems.
In an interview, Aragvi's general manager Soso Tchikaidze said that the help provided by the municipality was not enough to bring the team together.
In 2018 the club debuted in the Liga 3 and was ranked sixth, guaranteeing survival in the league of twenty teams.
Aragvi lost 0-1 at home, but in the return leg, they were lead 1-0 ahead of the regular time and defeated their opponents in the overtime and went to Erovnuli Liga 2.
The 2020 season is Ceres–Negros Football Club's 9th in existence and the club's 4th season in the top flight of Philippine football.
He was part of high-powered delegation of Ijaws that lobbied the Nbanefo Panel for state creation during national agitation for the creation of additional states in Nigeria.
He was first elected to the green chamber in the third republic in 1992 but spent a year in the parliament before Ibrahim Babangida then military president aborted the third republic and the parliament dissolved.
He was Bayelsa State chairman of People's Democratic Party, PDP during the term of Goodluck Jonathan as Governor of the state until 2007.
He holds Bachelor of Education (B. Ed) in English from University of Port Harcourt and masters (M. Sc) in Public Administration from University of Abuja.
Agbedi, a professional teacher excelled in his career and rose to higher ranks of Confidential Secretary to the Secretary, Local Teaching Service Committee, Pay Officer, was a member Adhoc Committee on Verification of Primary/Post Primary School Teachers, was Confidential Secretary to the Military Panel on Screening and Verification of staff of Burutu LGA, Delta State.
Agbedi became an active politician after joining National Republican Convention (NRC) in 1992 and soon became Secretary of the party in his local council of Ekeremor.
In 1998, Agbedi joined the newly registered United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP) in preparation ahead of return to democratic rule in 1999.
He ran for UNCP ticket to run for the Bayelsa-West Senatorial District but lose at his party’s primary emerging first runner-up in 1998.
He later joined the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) serving in different capacities including Special Assistant to the Chairman, PDP Computerized Membership Registration Committee in Bayelsa State in 2001.
In 2002 Agbedi contested in the PDP primary election for a ticket to run for Bayelsa West Senatorial District but lose.
In 2007, governor Goodluck Jonathan who was the vice president elect at the time appointed Agbedi to the Transition Committee on Handover of Power in Government of Bayelsa State to governor Timipre Sylva.
Agbedi led PDP governorship campaign that brought Timipre Sylva to power as governor of Bayelsa State in 2007 following the nomination of Governor Jonathan for vice president which he later won.
But Agbedi fell out with Governor Sylva and opted to resign his PDP chairmanship position after criticising Sylva that his government was failing.
PDP leaders in the state including then vice president of Nigeria, Goodluck Jonathan prevailed on Agbedi to remain in his position.
In 2008 Governor Sylva instigated crisis in the party that led to the removal of Agbedi from office as PDP chairman in Bayelsa State in February of that year.
In the 2012 governorship election, Dickson won with 417,500 or 88.7 per cent of the total votes cast in the election.
Agbedi was first elected to the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria during the 3rd Assembly in the Third Republic in 1992 representing Ekeremor Federal Constituency then of Rivers State.
Agbedi returned to his home state after the dissolution of the assembly and continued his grass root mobilisation under different community services retaining and gaining more of his grass root popularity until democracy returned in 1999.
Agbedi started the race to return to the national assembly in 2014 after resigning from his position in the government of Governor Siriake Dickson as senior special adviser on political matters.
He contested in the PDP primary election for its ticket to run for Sagbama/Ekeremor federal constituency seat in the national assembly scoring 100 votes beating Stella Dorgu backed by President Goodluck Jonathan.
In 2019 Agbedi ran for a return ticket to the national assembly and won to a third term in the house.
His first attempt was in 2011 when he ran for the PDP ticket against Timipre Sylva then governor of the state who was running for a second term.
It was widely speculated at the time that Agbedi was being sponsored to run against governor Sylva by President Goodluck Jonathan.
Dickson in turn appointed Agbedi as Director General of his governorship campaign organisation and proceeded to victory in the general election.
I have a character, I have exhibited transparency, I have exhibited sincerity and the people know that I can be trusted”.
Ahead of the party primary several issues came up against Agbedi including the issue of zoning or rotation of governor among the three senatorial districts in the state.
The proposal was revived in 1891, when the FSIF established links with the Iron Moulders' Society of Victoria, Iron Molders' Union of North America, Machinery Moulders' Union of America, shortly followed by the Hungarian Trade Union of Ironfounders.
The group also corresponded with the Iron and Metal Founders and Their Labourers of Lower Austria, a Swiss union and three other Australian unions, but by the end of 1892, it had ceased to operate.
In 1949, a mixture of opposition to the federation's withdrawal from the World Federation of Trade Unions, and the IMF's refusal to create a sectoral organisation for foundry workers, led six unions to form the International Federation of Foundry Workers (IFF).
This consisted of the National Union of Foundry Workers, International Molders and Foundry Workers Union of North America, and four Scandinavian unions.
The unions retained their IMF membership, and in 1951, the IMF organised a foundry workers' sectoral meeting, which agreed to establish a foundry workers' section.
The IMF committee vetoed the proposal, arguing that foundry work cut across many areas of the federation's work, and it offered only a consultation among foundry workers about the best way to represent them.
The song is written by Tony Hendrik, Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and Mary Susan Applegate and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
He represented Finland at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the Men's individual compound Open event.
The song is written by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
He frequently served in a number of positions and on a number of committees, including four years as selectman beginning in 1661.
Bacon was one of the signers of the petition of the town of Dedham against the Indians of Natick that was sent to the governor, his council, and General Court on May 7, 1662.
He ran afoul of local laws in 1671 for attempting to sell some of his land to a non-Dedhamite without permission.
He was a member of Captain Timothy Dwight's company in King Philip's War and was stationed at the garrison in Wrentham in 1676.
He married Rebecca Hall on December 17, 1651, and together they had nine children: John, Rebecca, Daniel, Sarah, Samuel, Thomas, Susanna, Mary, and Stephen.
At the time of his death, he owned 24 cattle, a relatively modest sized herd that was typical of Dedham in that era.
Donald Byrd (born 1949) is an influential American modern dance choreographer, known for themes relating to social justice, and in particular, racism.
For 24 years, beginning 1978, Byrd was the founding artistic director of Donald Byrd/The Group, which toured extensively, nationally and internationally until 2002, when he suspended operations due to financial duress.
Byrd has choreographed more than 80 modern dance works for his own companies and other companies, including the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, the Dayton Contemporary Dance Company (for years, since 1989), The Philadelphia Dance Company (Phildanco).
He has worked with acclaimed theater and opera companies, including the New York Shakespeare Festival/Public Theater, La Jolla Playhouse, the Intiman Theatre, the San Francisco Opera, the Seattle Opera, and the New York City Opera.
Byrd, in 1972, was a member of the Twyla Tharp Dance Company; and in 1976, he was a member of Gus Solomons, Jr.'s, Dance Company.
Byrd has been member of Board of Directors for the Dance Theater Workshop and Dance USA in Washington, D.C., the national service organization for professional dance, established in 1982.
His parents divorced shortly after he was born; and soon after that, with his mother, he moved from New London to Clearwater, Florida.
Donald's mother remarried and, around the time he was entering the fifth grade, she and her new husband moved to the Midwest.
Two dancers from Balanchine's New York City Ballet – Edward Villella and Patricia McBride – conducted a lecture-demonstration in Clearwater, which Byrd attended.
Yale was also where Byrd experienced overt racism for the first time, in the form of slurs and insults, these contrasting with the institutionalized racism of segregation that he had encountered growing up in the South.
The summer after his freshman year, Byrd's prowess on the flute earned him the opportunity to join an ensemble that toured Europe.
On his return from Europe, Byrd decided to leave Yale, where he did not feel entirely welcome, and enroll in Tufts University in Boston.
Albert Bijaoui (born in Monastir in 1943) is a French astronomer, former student of the Ecole Polytechnique (X 1962), renowned in image processing in astrophysics and its application in cosmology, he then prepared his PhD thesis at the Paris Observatory, under the supervision of André Lallemand.
Trainee then Research Associate at the CNRS at the Paris Observatory, then at the Nice Observatory, he became an Astronomer at the Nice Observatory in 1972.
He was Director of the Centre de Dépouillement des Clichés Astronomiques at the Institut National d'Astronomie et de Géophysique between 1973 and 1981.
During the preparation of his thesis, he contributed to the development of electronography with the study and interpretation of the properties of André Lallemand's electronic camera.
With the creation in 1973 of the Centre de Dépouillement des Clichés Astronomiques at Nice Observatory, he was involved in the development of new methods for the analysis of astrophysical data and in the creation of software to exploit them for the French astronomical community.
With the commissioning of INAG's Schmidt telescope on the Calern plateau near Caussols in the Alpes-Maritimes, INAG has become involved in the analysis of large images of the sky obtained with this type of instrument.
The resulting exploitation of galaxy counts led him to introduce the use of wavelet transforme and multi-scale methods in the processing of astronomical data.
At the same time, it has explored the application in astronomy of many data analysis methods, such as Bayesian analysis, mathematical morphology or blind source separation methods, multi-band image analysis.
In particular, he has developed specific tools for the determination of the atmospheric parameters of stars from their spectra, with model grid learning.
Its purpose is to promote business, link the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds, and to guide the world towards peace and prosperity.
The first World Islamic Economic Forum was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and the 14th and next WIEF will held in October 2020, in Qatar.
Alan Boyd Banister (4 Feb 1905 – 1 Nov 1963), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Tiger Baby Films made its debut production with the musical-drama Gully Boy.The movie premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 9, 2019.
However, the movie didn’t make it to the final shortlist of 10 International Feature Films announced by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
The Indian anthology film consisted of four short film segments directed by Anurag Kashyap, Zoya Akhtar, Dibakar Banerjee, and Karan Johar.
The web series starred Arjun Mathur and Sobhita Dhulipulia as the protagonists – Karan and Tara, who run a wedding planning agency by the titular name Made in Heaven.
It is created by Zoya Akhtar and Reema Kagti, and the duo has written the screenplay along with scriptwriter and director Alankrita Shrivastava.
After releasing the first season of Made in Heaven, the production house began working on the second season of MIH in April 2019 for Amazon Prime Video.
Gabriela Basařová (17 January 1934 – 18 October 2019) was a Czech professor of chemistry, working in the field of fermentation chemistry, brewing, and malting.
Most of her scientific and research work was devoted to the study of non-biological, so-called colloidal, turbidity of beer and methods of delaying its production during storage.
She participated in scientific, educational and publishing activities in the Czech Republic and abroad, and published 538 items, mostly in foreign journals.
During her studies, she worked in laboratories, in a waterworks, distillery, canning factory, and in Plzeň breweries, after which, she decided to study brewing.
after defending her dissertation thesis on the study of the rationalization and modernization of methods of increasing the colloidal stability of beer.
She led the laboratories and the technology group, and established a research center that looked into the possibilities of modernizing the technological process of Prazdroj beer production, without affecting its specific and characteristic properties.
In 1967, she left that organization for the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting in Prague, where she founded and headed the Biochemical Department.
In 1981, Basarova was appointed professor of fermentation chemistry and bioengineering in the field of malting and brewing; and became the external head of the Institute of Fermentation Chemistry and Bioengineering, ICT Prague, where in 1982, she became permanently employment.
She led the institute for the next 25 years until 1997, lecturing on the subjects of malting, brewing, modern biotechnology, viticulture, and bioecology.
In her scientific and research work, she dealt with the properties of raw materials and their influence on beer quality, innovations of technological processes and analytical methods for the needs of malting and brewing, study of brewing yeast metabolism and importance of yeast strains for characteristic beer types, as well as technological variants of their reduction.
Most of her scientific and research work was devoted to the study of non-biological, so-called colloidal, turbidity of beer and methods of delaying their production during storage.
This work was followed by the introduction of optimal technological stabilization procedures in order to increase the physical-chemical stability of beer.
In addition to the management of the institute (formerly the name of the department) at the ICT, she was for many years chair of the committee for state examinations and defense of diploma theses in the field of fermentation chemistry and bioengineering, chairman of the committees for defense of candidate (CSc.).
She led the Commission of the Ministry of Education for the Defense and Appointment of Doctor of Technical Sciences in the field of Fermentation Chemistry and Technology (DrSc.
She was a member of the Scientific Board of the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting in Prague for many years, a member of the Scientific Councils of the Food Research Institute in Prague, the Institute of Chemical Technology, and the Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology.
She worked in the central bodies of the Czechoslovak Scientific Society, the Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Czechoslovak Chemical and Microbiological Society.
She was a member of the Working Party of Education (EBC) for the Expert Training Committee of the European Biotechnology Convention, and was also affiliated with the Technical University of Berlin.
Her publishing activities include 538 items, most of which were published in foreign journals in Germany, Japan, Bulgaria, Poland, United States, England, Serbia and other countries.
In addition to professional books, scientific articles, lectures, posters, research and expert reports, patents, script, her writing included works related to the history of Czech brewing intended for the general public and promotion of Czech beer abroad.
In 2005, he joined the graduate school of the Institute of Computer Science at the Technical University of Munich to do his PhD in computer science and information systems on the topic 'Design and Application of a Security Analysis Method for Healthcare Telematics in Germany'.
From 2010 to 2016, he was assistant professor for information systems and information systems quality at the University of Cologne in Germany.
From 2016 to December 2017, he was full professor for information systems and systems development and director of the Research Center for Information Systems Design at the University of Kassel in Germany.
Since January 2018, Ali Sunyaev is full professor for computer science and director of the Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
In 2009 and 2012, Ali Sunyaev was a guest researcher at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Intelligent Health Lab, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ali Sunyaev leads multiple research projects funded by funding bodies such as the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, the Russian Science Foundation, or the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).
His work has been published in leading international scientific outlets in computer science, information systems, medical informatics, and economics and is featured in a variety of media outlets.
The 2020 K3 League is the 1st season of the K3 League as semi-professional league and third tier of South Korean football league system.
After the 2019 season, the former Korea National League and K3 League Advanced went defunct and got merged into K3 League.
In the 2020 season, the former Korea National League and K3 League Advanced will got absorbed into K3 League, and the previous K3 League Advanced were rebranded into the third division as K3 League and the previous K3 League Basic were rebranded into the fourth division as K4 League.
16 teams will compete in the 2020 season, including all eight teams from the 2019 edition of the now-defunct Korea National League, six teams from the 2019 K3 League Advanced and two teams from the 2019 K3 League Basic.
In 1996 she received the University's Alumni Award for Excellence in Teaching and also became a member of the Institute for Advanced Study.
The Apponyi Library or (in Latin) Bibliotheca Apponiana refers to the book and print collection initially assembled in Vienna by Count Anton Georg (or Antal György) Apponyi and maintained with alterations by his descendants in the Apponyi family until 1935.
Following his death in 1817, his son Anton (Antal) bought out his siblings' share, for the financing of which he had to sell several thousands of books.
In 1825, Anton Apponyi decided to move it all to a dedicated building open to the public in Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava), making it the first public library in the territory of today's Slovakia.
The move was celebrated at the time as a Hungarian patriotic gesture, since Pressburg was then part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
In 1846, following disagreements with the municipality on the library's management and cost-sharing, Anton Apponyi closed the Pressburg facility and moved its content to the Apponyi family's ancestral home in Appony (now Oponice, Slovakia), where a dedicated neoclassical wing was built for that purpose.
The library stayed there until World War II, despite some of its contents being dispersed in sales because of the Apponyi family's recurrent financial needs.
More of the contents was dispersed in the late 1930s following the end of Apponyi family ownership of the Oponice domain in 1935, and lost to negligence during Communism.
Some of remaining books were transferred by the Matica slovenská to its facility in Bratislava in 1965, then all of them (including those in Bratislava) to Martin in 1972, while the wooden interior of the library wing in Oponice was destroyed.
The damaged books were restored in Martin, then the library was again transferred to storage in in 1992, and eventually reinstalled in Oponice in 2011 following the Apponyi castle's renovation.
The creation of the library owes much to Agostino Michelazzi (1732-1820), a former Jesuit who built it up on behalf of Count Anton Georg Apponyi.
Gruber appears to have been instrumental in persuading Count Anton Apponyi to move the library from Vienna to Pressburg in the early 1820s, and remained Librarian of the Apponyi Public Library until 1833.
Franciscan friar and historian Vševlad J. Gajdoš (1907-1978) studied and preserved the Apponyi Library while working at the Matica slovenská between 1956 and 1958.
The remaining portion of the original collection has been kept since 2011 in the renovated Apponyi Castle in Oponice, Slovakia as a branch of the Slovak National Library, together with parts of the collection assembled by the Zay (or Zai) family from Uhrovec (Ugrócz), formerly stored in Bojnice Castle and also studied by Vševlad J. Gajdoš.
This is ironic but not surprising, given the comparatively late emergence of Slovak as a written language, and the Apponyi family's association with Magyarization policies.
In chronological terms, 3% of the prints are from the 16th century, 13% from the 17th century, 33% from the 18th century, 37% from the 19th century, and 12% from the 20th century, with the remaining 1.5% without indication of publication date.
They are separated by linear and wavy sutures, ornated with thick ribs, spaced apart, forming two knots crenellated by the two angles which share the height in three equal spaces.
There is only spiral nets on the body whorl, the two upper regions are smooth.The body whorl measures more than five-eighths of the total length.
It is ovally attenuated at the base, on which sinuous ribs extend, crossed by an alternating reticulation, which tightens by winding around the siphonal canal.
Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title, defeating Dominic Thiem in the final 6–4, 4–6, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4.
The match also marked the first time Djokovic came back to win in a grand slam final after trailing two sets to one, having lost each of the last seven times this had happened.
Nadal had the chance to become the first male player in the Open Era to achieve a double career grand slam and to equal Roger Federer's all-time record of 20 Grand Slam men's singles titles, but lost in the quarterfinals to Thiem.
The loss of Nadal and Stan Wawrinka in the quarterfinals guaranteed a first time Australian Open finalist in the top half of the draw.
Djokovic's victory in the final also meant that the last 13 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments have been won by either Nadal (5), Djokovic (5) or Federer (3).
Kenin became the first American woman other than Serena Williams to win the Australian Open Women's Singles title since Jennifer Capriati in 2002.
This was the first Australian Open final in the Open Era to be contested between two players ranked outside the top ten.
This was the final tournament for the 2018 champion and former world number one, Caroline Wozniacki, who announced her retirement effective at the end of the tournament.
Bianca Andreescu, the reigning women's singles champion of the 2019 US Open, the Grand Slam tournament immediately preceding the 2020 Australian Open, withdrew due to a knee injury.
This marked the first time since the 1996 Australian Open that the defending US Open champion (in that case, Steffi Graf) withdrew before the tournament.
Jabeur became the first Arab woman to reach the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam tournament, as well as the first African woman to reach the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam since Amanda Coetzer at the 2001 Australian Open.
Based on the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, it features the Baker Street Irregulars working for Dr Watson saving London from supernatural elements.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Maneuver Support Company is equipped with Freccia mortar carries with 120mm mortars and Freccia IFVs with Spike LR anti-tank guided missiles.
Briner was born in Zürich wo er studierte von 1943 bis 1952 Germanistik and musicology at the Zürcher Hochschule der Künste and the University of Zurich.
From 1968, Briner was active at the as a member of the foundation board, and from 1986 to 1998 he was its president.
He worked with Rolf Liebermann at the Zurich Radio Studio from 1953 to 1955, after which he went to the Department of Music at the University of Pennsylvania, where he taught until 1964.
Briner's main areas of work were the work of Paul Hindemith and New German School since 1880, as well as composers in Switzerland and the history of music in Zurich.
Alexia Petsalis-Diomidis is Lecturer in Classics at the University of St Andrews where she researchers the cultural history of objects and spaces as well as on the reception of Classical material in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Petsalis-Diomidis studied Classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford in 1995 before studying for her 2001 PhD in Byzantine and Classical Art History at the University of London.
She has worked at University College Dublin, the University of Nottingham, the University of Warwick (2008-2009), and at Birkbeck College (2011).
The song is written by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
The first legs were played on 24 and 26 February and the second legs were played on 28 February and 1 March 2003.
The first legs were played on 5 and 6 March and the second legs were played on 9 and March 2003.
The 2019 NCAA Division III Football Championship Game, more commonly referred to as the 2019 Stagg Bowl or Stagg Bowl XLVII, was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division III for the 2019 season.
It was played at Woodforest Bank Stadium in Shenandoah, Texas, on December 20, 2019, with kickoff at 8:00 p.m. EST (7:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPNU.
The participants of the 2019 NCAA Division III Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2019 Division III Playoffs, a 32-team single-elimination bracket.
The game featured North Central, seeking their first championship in their first appearance, and Wisconsin–Whitewater, seeking their seventh championship in their tenth appearance.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Maneuver Support Company is equipped with Freccia mortar carries with 120mm mortars and Freccia IFVs with Spike LR anti-tank guided missiles.
Alexander Kelly Tyree (28 Aug 1915 – 10 May 2006), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Captain in the United States Navy.
Karli is an English feminine given name that is an alternate form of Karlie and Carly as well as Danish and Swedish feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Karla and an alternate form of Karly.
It is a Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Old Danish, Old Norse and Swedish masculine given name that is a diminutive form of Karl.
Johann von Mengede (also Johann von Mengden, called Osthof) (c. 1400 — 15 August 1469) was a knight of the Teutonic Knights.
In 1461—1464, when Landmaster of Livonia Johann von Mengede arrested the Archbishop of Riga, and plundered Archbishopic lands, troops from Pskov occupied the eastern part of the Archbishopic lands — (presently Pytalovo).
Itapevi–São Paulo (Butantã) Metropolitan Corridor, with of extension, starts in Itapevi Bus Terminal, connected with CPTM Line 8-Diamond, in Itapevi, and goes to ViaQuatro Butantã station of Line 4-Yellow, in São Paulo.
In its first phase, the corridor with approximately connects Itapevi and Jandira, along with stations Itapevi, Engenheiro Cardoso, Sagrado Coração and Jandira.
Throughout the 20th century, roads were built, as the old road towards Itu was replaced by a highway (current SP-312) on 1 May 1922.
This road became (beside Sorocabana railway and future Castelo Branco and Raposo Tavares highways) one of the transport corridors that boosted the region growth, being one of the points of population densification that went there.
In 1934, the first regular bus lines began operating between Carapicuíba, Largo da Batata and Lapa, which became the main regional centres of West Side São Paulo.
In the next 30 years, the cities of São Paulo, Santana de Paraíba and Cotia break up, creating new cities: Itapevi (1949), Barueri (1949), Osasco (1962), Carapicuíba (1964) and Jandira (1964).
Besides the construction was never initiated, EMTU keeps planning the corridor (now called West Road Corridor) through the 1980s and 1990s.
The Leningrad Experimental Graphics Laboratory () or LEGL was an artists' collective in Soviet Russia that lasted from the time of Khruschev's thaw to the dissolution of the USSR in 1992.
Formally, the LEGL was the graphics section of the state-run Artists' Union of the USSR that was based in Leningrad (now St Petersburg).
The group came to the notice of Western critics in 1962, when the London-based collector and art dealer Eric Estorick staged an exhibition of their work at the Grosvenor Gallery.
In the 1970s a selection of the works were acquired by the Hebrew Home, an elderly care facility in Riverdale, New York City, where Eric Estorick's father was a resident.
He opposed the takeover of the province by al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj and joined the Qarmatians, fighting with them against the Fatimids until 974.
After the defeat of the second Qarmatian invasion of Egypt in that year, Akhu Muslim fled to Arabia, pursued by Fatimid agents.
Akhu Muslim was a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali through Ali Zayn al-Abidin, who had settled in Medina after Husayn's death in the Battle of Karbala.
There the Husaynids had become the most prominent local family, and in the early 10th century, some of them had migrated to Egypt.
Akhu Muslim had two older brothers: Abu Ja'far Muslim, the elder brother, who was considered the leading Alid of his time and after whom Akhu Muslim himself was nicknamed, and Abu'l-Husayn Isa.
Contemporary accounts and later historians portray Akhu Muslim as a proud and haughty man; Kafur's court fool, Sibawaih, is known to have frequently ridiculed him for this.
Nevertheless, Akhu Muslim apparently possessed some military ability, as he was entrusted by the Ikhshidid ruler Abu'l-Misk Kafur with command of an army sent to protect the Hajj pilgrimage of 965 from attacks by the Bedouin tribe of the Banu Sulaym in Syria.
Although not entirely successful in his mission—the constant Bedouin and Qarmatian raids on the overland Hajj caravans and the inability of the Ikhshidid regime to stop them led to their temporary cessation after 965—a few months before his death in April 968, Kafur appointed Akhu Muslim as governor of Palestine.
Allying himself with a local Bedouin leader, Timal al-Khafaji of the Banu Uqayl, Akhu Muslim attacked al-Hasan near Ramla, but was defeated.
Akhu Muslim did not give up his ambitions, however: claiming for himself the heritage of the Alids, he is reported to have proclaimed himself caliph and to have claimed the title of Mahdi.
The Ikhshidid prince was defeated and obliged to pay tribute to the Qarmatians, while Akhu Muslim, who distinguished himself in the battle, was given a command in the Qarmatian army.
According to the 15th-century historian Idris Imad al-Din, Akhu Muslim led the Fatimid expedition against Byzantine-held Antioch in 970, which was abandoned after the defeat at the Battle of Alexandretta.
This is obviously an error, however, as Akhu Muslim was staunchly opposed to the Fatimids and at the time was allied with the Qarmatians against them.
In August/September 971, the Qarmatians under al-Hasan al-As'am defeated the Fatimid general Ja'far ibn Fallah and captured Damascus, before once again taking Ramla.
A Fatimid army sent to reinforce Ibn Fallah under Sa'adat ibn Hayyan withdrew to Jaffa, and Akhu Muslim was placed in charge of besieging it, along with the Qarmatian Abu'l-Munaja Abdallah ibn Ali and the Uqayli leader Zalim ibn Mawhub, while al-As'am led the bulk of his forces into Egypt.
Akhu Muslim was the nominal leader of the allied Qarmatian–Bedouin army against the Fatimids, but the alliance disintegrated in 973 due to infighting between the Qarmatians and the Bedouin, allowing the Fatimids to seize again control of Palestine and southern Syria.
This new ascendancy did not last long, as the Qarmatians regrouped and drove the Fatimids out of the area in 973.
In spring 974, the Qarmatians even launched a second invasion of Egypt, where the local populace, exhausted by the Fatimids' heavy taxation, supported them.
While the main Qarmatian army under al-As'am occupied the Nile Delta, Akhu Muslim led a smaller force south, bypassed the Fatimid capital Cairo, and encamped between Asyut and Akhmim.
Alarmed, both Caliph al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah and the Fatimid chief missionary, Abu Ja'far Nasr, who had befriended Akhu Muslim before the Fatimid conquest, wrote to him to persuade him to abandon the Qarmatian cause, but in vain.
At the end of the month, however, the Fatimids under al-Mu'izz's son Abdallah managed to destroy the main Qarmatian army near Ayn Shams.
The latter, having been warned by carrier pigeon, of their approach, could not hope to stand against them with his small army.
While watering his horse at the Nile, Akhu Muslim narrowly escaped capture by a Fatimid patrol; his Bedouin companion allowed himself to be caught and claimed to be Akhu Muslim, giving the latter the opportunity to escape.
After an arduous journey, narrated in detail by al-Maqrizi, Akhu Muslim managed to cross Egypt and made for the Hejaz, where evidently hoped to find shelter with his brother-in-law.
When he landed at the port of Aynuna, he was again nearly captured by a Fatimid patrol: the soldiers seized his coat, but he cut it with his sword and managed to escape the pursuit thanks to the speed of his horse.
He settled in the great mosque of Medina for a while, until notices for his arrest were put up across the city; he then moved on, making for al-Ahsa, the capital of the Qarmatian state of Bahrayn.
The Qarmatians gave him scant welcome and support, and Akhu Muslim once again departed, now determined to seek the aid of the Buyids in Baghdad.
He was betrayed by his erstwhile allies, however: threatened by the Buyids, the Qarmatians had opened negotiations with the Fatimids, and as a token of good faith, moved to eliminate the troublesome Akhu Muslim.
She won the silver medal in the women's 400 m freestyle S8 event and the bronze medals in the women's 100 m freestyle S8 and women's 100 m breaststroke SB7 events.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Maneuver Support Company is equipped with Freccia mortar carries with 120mm mortars and Freccia IFVs with Spike LR anti-tank guided missiles.
He was a member of the Académie de Saint-Luc an institution for those artists prevented for various reasons, from joining the more prestigious Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture.
Guérin's chief principal works were bust portraits and conversation pieces - small informal paintings of groups or couples shown within a domestic setting.
A 1748 portrait of Madame de Pompadour with her daughter indicates that he was active at Versailles in the mid 18th century.
However, a second portrait, painted in the late 1760s, once thought to be Pompadour in discussion with the Duc de Choiseul, is now thought to be of two anonymous sitters due to the work recording precisely the furnishings which were too unfashionable for a salon of either Choiseul or Pompadour.
John Augustine Tyree, Jr (3 Oct 1911 – 8 Apr 2004), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Vice Admiral in the United States Navy.
The song is written by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
He started playing piano aged 7, after a doctor suggested it would help heal a broken finger, and began taking lessons.
By the age of 12 he had started writing arrangements for his school band, and played at local weddings and events, and in clubs.
He wrote arrangements for Cootie Williams, Lucky Millinder, and others, before serving in World War II in Germany, where he joined the US Army band.
His reputation as an arranger grew, and he worked with bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Harry James and Charlie Ventura, as well as Jimmy Durante.
Among the other recording artists whose hits were arranged by Applebaum were Connie Francis, Neil Sedaka, Brook Benton, Brian Hyland, Joanie Sommers, and Bobby Vinton.
He is a corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences and Professor Emeritus at the Pierre and Marie Curie University.
His first job was at the IRSID for a sixteen-month stay in London at the Royal School of Mines with Prof. F.D.
He is preparing a PhD thesis in Physical Sciences (1962) under the supervision of Pr J. Bénard, on the crystallochemistry of titanium sulphides.
In 1963, he spent a period in the United States as a Post-doctoral Research Associate of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Argonne National Laboratory, and Iowa State University.
Jeannin became head of the Chemistry group of the Lagarrigue Commission in charge of rebuilding the chemistry curricula of high schools (1976-1980).
He was a member of the jury for the agrégation examination in chemistry (1971-1974), a member of the jury for admission to the École Normale Supérieure (9 years), and a member of the jury for admission to the École Polytechnique (2 years).
At the request of the Ministry, he took part in the setting up of the internal agrégation in Physical Sciences (President of the jury, 1985-1988).
He is a member of the Commission proposing to the Minister the General Inspectors, member of the recruitment jury of the Engineers of the Corps of Mines.
Jeannin is a member of the University's Scientific Council, President of the Research Commission of the UFR of Chemistry, and a member of the Academic Council of the École Normale Supérieure.
In research, Jeannin shows an interest in the chemistry of transition metals, in the synthesis and structure of the species they form.
First in solid state chemistry with the study of the non-stoichiometry of binary and ternary chalcogenides of titanium and zirconium, then he studies the iron complexes formed by solvation in non-aqueous media, the synthesis and X-ray study of organometallic polymetallic species, and finally the chemistry of polyoxotungstates.
The laboratory has made a major contribution to the development of their synthesis and structural study by X-ray and NMR of tungsten, holding the record for the largest known polytungstate.
In organometallic chemistry, study of the action of aminoalkynes and thioalkynes on iron carbonyl and ruthenium carbonyl; cluster compounds of up to five iron atoms have been isolated.
In order to carry out this research on the creation of a centre for structure determination by X-ray diffraction, he was made available to French and foreign chemists and to external laboratories.
Marie Panthès (3 November 1871 – 11 March 1955) was a French pianist, specializing in romantic piano, especially the interpretation of the works of Frédéric Chopin.
She studied the piano at the Conservatoire de Paris in an upper grade class, then with Henry Fissot and Louise-Aglaé Massart-Masson where she won first prize at the age of 14.
The suspect, who was later identified as Zyairr Davis, was arrested after being caught trespassing while wearing clothes that matched the description given of the suspects.
He confessed to police about his involvement, telling them that he picked up the knife that would later be used to kill Majors after his partner dropped it.
She also has denied requests by Davis's lawyers for him to be released into his aunt and uncle’s custody due to the seriousness of the charges against him.
Police were unable to locate a third suspect, a fourteen-year-old male, for two weeks, but apprehended him on December 26 after publicly releasing his photograph.
When combined with rhodium precursors such as Rh(acac)(CO), these diphosphite ligands afford catalysts that are used industrially for the hydroformylation of alkenes.
The women's artistic team all-around competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics was held at the West Melbourne Stadium from 3 to 7 December.
The scoring system was changed to match the tweaks made to the men's format in 1952 (and continued in 1956), with specific exercise scores being dropped rather than individual all-around totals.
Exercise scores ranged from 0 to 10, apparatus scores from 0 to 20, individual totals from 0 to 80, team exercise scores from 0 to 50, portable apparatus scores from 0 to 80, and team total scores from 0 to 480.
Initially, the title was assigned to two pashas: the ruler of Kyustendil - Mirmiran Rumelia; to the ruler of Erzurum - Mirmiran of Anatolia; however, then the number of title holders increased to 20 .
Mirmiran’s activities were ensured by the Hass (Ottoman), bringing to the holder, depending on location, from 650,000 (Bosnia Eyalet) to 1,100,000 akçe (Rumelia Eyalet) per year.
Xena Longenová (3 August 1891 – 23 May 1928), born Polyxena Marková, was a Czech actress, best known on the Prague stage.
Polyxena Marková was born in Strakonice, the daughter of actor Antonín Marek (1862-1938), and the sister of actors Vladimir and Adolf Marek.
Longenová was a popular stage actress, often appearing with her actor husband in Prague cabarets, but also in Paris, Berlin, Brno, and Ljubljana.
This list of American journalism awards provides an index to articles about notable awards given in the United States for journalism.
The list includes general awards, awards for investigative and sports journalism, fellowships, and lists of categories of Pulitzer Prizes and Gerald Loeb Awards.
Three years later, when he was 15 years old, he moved away from his home region to play for LNB Pro A club Cholet, initially at the youth level.
On 14 August 2017, he signed his first professional contract with Cholet and began receiving regular playing time in the Pro A.
He had another strong performance on 7 December, recording 16 points on perfect shooting, six rebounds, seven assists and a career-best six steals in a victory over Champagne Châlons-Reims.
N'Doye won a gold medal with France at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship in Latvia, averaging 5.8 points, 3.4 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game.
N'Doye also competed in the 2017 FIBA Under-19 World Cup in Cairo and the 2018 FIBA U20 European Championship in Chemnitz, Germany, but his team failed to medal.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Maneuver Support Company is equipped with Freccia mortar carries with 120mm mortars and Freccia IFVs with Spike LR anti-tank guided missiles.
In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the place turned into the town-like settlement and the centre of tribal alliances.
Local Govurqala (220×75 m) is a 5th–14th-century populated place and is also a walled defense stand with round and square towers.
The wall width is 1 m at the bottom and 80 cm on top with a height of 5–15 m. Clay jugs, a frying pan, vat and other items were found there.
The stand is supposed to be built in Sasanid period to prevent the Khazarian raids and demolished during the Timurid attack.
This Govurqala lies to the north from Khachmaz village and is a medieval walled stand with round and square towers (3–6 m in height, 1–1.5 m wide).
Twelve buildings are within the stand; out of walls there are two moats (15 m long, 8 m wide, 10 m deep, another is 100/30/20 m).
Lawrence George Bernard (February 9, 1914 – March 29, 1997), was a submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
In 1939 he was instructed in submarine warfare at New London, and in February 1940 was assigned to the USS S-39 (SS-144) as the boat's Communication Officer and later as the Executive Officer.
In May 1944, Lieutenant Commander Bernard took command of the USS R-2 (SS-79), which was attached to the Fleet Sonar School in Key West, Florida.
In July 1945 Bernard was promoted to the rank of Commander and took command of the USS Stickleback (SS-415) in October of that year.
Admiral Bernard took command of the search for USS Scorpion (SSN-589) on May 29th, after she went missing May 22nd, 1968.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The 2019-20 Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey season was the 79th season of play for the program and the 30th season in the Big Ten Conference.
The Legislative District of Santa Rosa will be the representation of the component city of Santa Rosa in the Congress of the Philippines.
The city will be represented in the lower house of the Congress through its lone congressional district after the 2022 elections.
Terry Griffiths won the tournament by virtue of finishing top of the round robin league table, finishing unbeaten in all his group matches.
He was thus the key player in the creation of the Centre d'Interprétation du Patrimoine Terre de Louis Pasteur in the Jura in 2012.
He studied in Vanves at the Lycée Michelet where he passed his Bac C in 1975 before moving on to study pharmacy at the Chatenay-Malabry Faculty of Pharmacy (University of Paris Sud), then to a hospital career (as an intern and then hospital practitioner) and specialising in Pharmacochemistry by obtaining a Doctorate in Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1986.
During his pharmacy internship (early 1980s) and then as a hospital practitioner in Paris, Éric Postaire turned towards clinical pharmacy while his Doctorate of Science in Pharmacochemistry (1986) completed this orientation with a laboratory activity in chemistry.
In 2003, he then joined the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm) as Director of the Clinical and Therapeutic Research Department, then within the General Directorate for Research and Innovation at the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.
Éric Postaire has developed research axes in clinical pharmacy in the direction of clinical methodology for therapeutic drug research and specific medical approaches such as: hemodialysis, medical device, enteral and parenteral nutrition.
At the same time, it has set up basic research, the results of which have made it possible to establish relations between oxidative stress and immune functions.
In 2003, he joined Inserm to set up the clinical research department at the Institute's head office under the direction of Christian Bréchot where he was able to develop the national network of clinical investigation centres and Biological Resource Centres (Biobanks), Inserm's clinical research promotion activities in conjunction with the Strategic Orientation and Monitoring of Clinical Trials Committee (Cossec), biotherapies in Inserm units, etc.
In 2007, he participated in the setting up of thematic research and care networks (RTRS) from the Directorate General for Research and Innovation of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.
Since 2010, he has been an advisor to the Secrétaires Perpétuels of the French Academy of Sciences where he participated in the creation in October 2011 of the foundation for scientific cooperation: Fondation pour l'éducation à la science La main à la pâte, then chaired by Pierre Léna.
He is currently in charge of the partnership foresight of the French Academy of sciences, particularly in the framework of the programme for a scientific universalism initiated on his recommendations in June 2014.
Santeri Hatakka (born January 15, 2001) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Ilves of the Finnish Liiga.
Based on the ongoing webtoon of the same name by Kim Kan-bi and Hwang Young-chan, it is set to be released on Netflix in 2020.
This article lists the provinces of South Africa by their average total fertility rate per woman according to data by Statistics South Africa.
Edwin Vargas (born January 4, 1949) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 6th district since 2013.
Canberra Metro Operations (CMET) is the operator of the Canberra light rail, holding the contract to operate until at least 2036.
Formed in 2016, it is a partnership between John Holland and Pacific Partnerships in association with Deutsche Bahn Engineering and Consulting.
CMET is part of the Canberra Metro Consortium, acting as the operations component of the group, with both its owners also being equity providers.
CMET does not actually contract with the ACT Government, rather it contracts with Canberra Metro PC Pty Limited (Canberra Metro) to provide service on its lines, who then contract with the Canberra Metro Agency to manage the project and provide services to the city.
She represented the Netherlands at the 1996 Summer Paralympics and at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and in total she won two gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal.
The song is written by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 for its local significance in the themes of architecture, exploration/settlement, and transportation.
It was nominated for being one of Minnesota's few surviving stagecoach inns, for its stone architecture, and for its association with the pioneer era of Harmony Township.
Recent immigrant Daniel Dayton, seeing a business opportunity in the trail's arrival, built a single-story log building in 1855 in the village of Big Spring, northwest of Harmony.
The first and second floors contained framed beds, slide-out trundles, and floor mattresses for overnight guests; extra sleeping space was available in the small attic.
In addition to providing rooms to travelers, Ravine House also functioned as a livery, a store, a post office, and a private farm residence.
Dayton and his sons, Aaron and Zara, operated Ravine House as an overnight stop for stagecoach travelers until 1866, when use of the Dubuque–St.
Although a railroad line (the Milwaukee Road) wouldn't arrive in Harmony until 1879, other lines opened across the region in the 1860s and 1870s, drawing away traffic from the once-busy stage route.
Ravine House was then used as a private residence for several decades until 1952, when it was abandoned and used as feed and hay storage for livestock.
Every effort was made to return the historic structure to its original condition, and in 1977, Ravine House was added to the National Register.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Most of he listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings, the other listed buildings include private houses, a church and items in the churchyard, a chapel, a public house, and a former railway station.
The album title is borrowed from a poem that singer/guitarist Reuben Bullock had written previous to the recording of the album.
Between 50 and 60 songs were tried and rehearsed, but in the end only 11 songs made it onto the album.
The FIA World Touring Car Cup is an international touring car championship promoted by Eurosport Events and sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for touring cars.
JAS Motorsport and Honda Racing retained their 2019 drivers–Attila Tassi, Tiago Monteiro, Néstor Girolami and Esteban Guerrieri–for the 2020 season though the teams which will run the four Honda Civic Type R TCR cars and where the drivers would be alllocated are yet to be announced.
Sébastien Loeb Racing, which had run four Golf GTI TCR cars during the 2019 season, announced on 31 January 2020 that will leave the series.
Audi will not introduce a successor of the RS 3 LMS for 2020, while also ending their manufacturer support in the series though the RS 3 LMS would be still available to private teams.
Days before the announcement, W Racing Team, competing under the Audi Sport Team Leopard Racing banner, announced that it ceases participation in the series after the 2019 season to focus on their racing programmes in GT racing and the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters.
In 2007, Sitwala reached the final of the timed version of the IBSF World Billiards Championship, losing 1488–1946 to Pankaj Advani.
Sitwala was also the losing finalist in the 2016 short format World Billiards Championship, losing 6–8 to David Causier in the final.
In 2016, Sitwala won 6–2 against Bhaskar Balachandra in the final to successfully defend the Asian Billiards Championship title that he had won the previous year.
Smith comes from a line of dentists and educators, including her grandfather, B. Holly Smith, Sr., MD, DDS (1958-1920) and her uncle, B. Holly Smith, Jr. DDS (1885-1956).
All were named after Smith’s great-grandfather, Bennett Holloway Smith (1824-1902), who served as a circuit rider for the ME Church in Virginia and Maryland during the Civil War.
Smith was awarded a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1983 for her dissertation, Dental Attrition in Hunter-Gatherers and Agriculturalists.
From 1978-1983, she worked as a research assistant and research investigator in the Center for Human Growth and Development at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
After receiving her Ph.D., Smith was a visiting assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology at Arizona State University from 1984-1985.
Starting in March 2018, Smith started as a research professor in the Center for Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.
Since 1986, she has been invited to lecture at several institutions and conferences, including State University of New York at Stony Brook, University College London, University of Washington, Duke University, University of Tennessee, Computense University Madrid, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, and International Society of Dental Morphology in Griefswald, Germany.
She evaluated the dental development of an accused immigrant to determine whether that individual was a juvenile or an adult at the time of the crime, which was a death penalty offense.
The majority of Smith's work has either been in expeditions to sites or research in museums in countries in Northern Europe and Eastern Africa.
Her research into dental development made major contributions to the scientific understanding of the maturation of early hominids and the evolution of human life history.
In the article, she suggests that the life history of australopiths was much closer to that of apes than modern humans, but at some point, the life cycle of hominids slowed to the rate and structure seen in Homo sapiens.
Though a lot about this transition remains unknown, Smith emphasizes that new comparative methods of study will hopefully reveal further insights.
Her work has been influenced by her detailed research on three juvenile skeletons: the type specimen of Darwinius masillae, the Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton, and the type specimen of Maiacetus inuus.
She is currently researching the differences in life history between primates and other mammals, with a particular focus on birth, infancy, weaning, tooth eruption, and the transition to independent feeding.
Khatereh Parvaneh (1930 - November 5, 2008 In Farsi: خاطره پروانه) was an Iranian singer who specialized in traditional classical music.
Her mother died with Parvaneh was four, though the songs she learned from her mother formed the basis of her love of singing.
She would sing the national anthem at when teaching school, leading to her eventually being discovered by musician, Abolhassan Saba in 1957.
José Sebastián Laboa Gallego (20 January 1923 – 24 October 2002) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
He earned a degree in theology at the Comillas Pontifical University of Madrid and a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University.
He worked in the Roman Curia where his assignments included stints as secretary to Cardinal Gaetano Cicognani and as the person responsible for Latin America at the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.
On 18 March 1995, Pope John Paul named him Apostolic Nuncio to Malta and on 28 October Apostolic Delegate to Libya.
Born in 1927 in Paderno Dugnano from Ercole Terragni (born in Paderno Dugnano in 1889 and died in 1966) and Enrichetta Strada (born in Paderno Dugnano in 1896 and died in 1970).
In the 50s he met Felice Zosi at the plast fair in Milan with whom he began working in the field of production and sale of machinery for processing plastic.
In 1953 the two together with Marco Terragni decided to found Covema (Commissionaria Vendita Macchine) in Milan in Via Fontana 1, with the intention of selling the machinery that Luigi Bandera was developing in those years.
On 21 July 1979 Dino Terragni suddenly died due to a heart attack in Geneva where he had gone to conclude some business with Swiss customers.
J. Brett Blanton is an American Professional Engineer who was confirmed by the United States Senate as the 12th Architect of the Capitol.
Blanton earned his Master of Science from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his Bachelor of Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1993.
He then served as Deputy Vice President for Engineering Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority which operates the Reagan National and Dulles International Airports.
Released as a single, it debuted at number 46 in West Germany for the week of August 7, rising to number 17 for the next two weeks and then peaking at number 16.
The song is written by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren) and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann.
The Battle of Pedum was fought in 358 BC, near Pedum between the Roman Republic and a group of Gauls who had entered Latium.
The Romans, led by dictator Gaius Sulpicius Peticus and his magister equitum, Marcus Valerius Poplicola, defeated the Gauls at their encampment near Pedum after a prolonged standoff.
Upon hearing news of a force of Gauls entering Latium and encamping near Pedum, the Romans resolved to appoint Gaius Sulpicius Peticus as dictator, who, along with his magister equitum, Marcus Valerius Poplicola, quickly set off for Pedum in anticipation of an easy victory.
Upon reaching Pedum, Peticus, to the displeasure of his men, ordered that no soldier be permitted to attack without his command.
The opposition culminated when Sextus Tullius, one of Peticus's senior centurions, delivered a speech to his men, denouncing Peticus's choice and effectively convincing Peticius to engage with the Gauls.
Peticus decided to send a mix of muleteers and cavalry atop a nearby mountain, and lined up the rest of his forces along the plains near base of the mountain.
The Gauls were quick to attack after they spotted the Romans descending the mountain, but the move ultimately resulted in disorder, and the Romans were able to rout both the right and left flanks of the Gaulish forces, driving them to retreat.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Born in Geneva, Nef studied the piano at the conservatoire de Genève with Marie Panthès then, in Paris, composition with Vincent d'Indy and harpsichord with Wanda Landowska.
She had a concert career in Europe, South America and North America including Seattle, New York and Washington in USSR, and South Africa and in Australia.
His work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, The Weekly Standard, The Washington Times, National Review, Commentary, New Atlantis, and the Washington Free Beacon, where he most recently served as executive editor.
He has also served as a staff writer at the Washington Times, an assistant editor for books and arts at The Weekly Standard, and an editorial assistant at Roll Call.
Bunch has also written chapters for two of Last’s books, The Seven Deadly Virtues: 18 Conservative Writers on Why the Virtuous Life is Funny as Hell and The Christmas Virtues: A Treasury of Conservative Tales for the Holidays.
In 2019, Bunch was hired by Cinestate CEO Dallas Sonnier as the editor-in-chief of the website for a new production label, Rebeller.
Eoin Roche (born 2000) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Championship club Bride Rovers and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
On 9 December 2018, he was at midfield when the Bride Rovers under-21 team qualified for the Under-21 A Championship final.
On 22 April 2018, Roche made his first appearance for the Bride Rovers senior team in the 2018 Cork Senior Championship.
Roche first lined out for Cork as joint-captain of the under-17 team with his twin brother Brian during the 2017 Munster Championship.
He was again at right corner-back for Cork's 1-19 to 1-17 All-Ireland final defeat of Dublin at Croke Park on 6 August 2017.
Roche was also a member of the Cork minor team during the 2017 Munster Championship and made his first appearance on 3 May 2017 when he lined out at left corner-back in Cork's 1-24 to 0-08 defeat of Waterford.
On 9 July 2017, he was again at left corner-back when Cork defeated Clare by 4-21 to 0-16 to win the Munster Championship for the first time since 2008.
On 3 September 2017, Roche was in his now custoamry position of left corner-back when Cork faced Galway in the All-Ireland final, however, Cork were defeated by 2-17 to 2-15.
On 4 July 2018, he won a Munster Championship medal as an unused substitute after Cork's 2-23 to 1-13 defeat of Tipperary in the final.
On 3 July 2019, Roche made his first appearance for Cork's inaugural under-20 team when he was selected at left corner-forward in the 1-20 to 0-16 defeat of Limerick.
On 23 July 2019, he was again at left corner-back when Cork suffered a 3-15 to 2-17 defeat by Tipperary in the Munster final.
Roche was again in his customary position when Cork faced Tipperary for a second time in the All-Ireland final on 24 August 2019.
He made his first appearance for the team on 20 December 2019 when he was introduced as a 58th-minute substitute for Robbie O'Flynn at right wing-forward in Cork's 1-27 to 0-11 defeat of Kerry.
The 2020 season is the San Jose Earthquakes' 38th year of existence, their 23rd season in Major League Soccer and their 13th consecutive season in the top-flight of American soccer.
Due to their final standings for the 2019 season, the Earthquakes will enter the competition in the Third Round, to be played April 21-23.
East Atlanta Santa 3 is the sixteenth studio album by American rapper Gucci Mane.It was released on December 20, 2019 by Atlantic Records and GUWOP Enterprises.
Mendez competed at the International Racquetball Federation (IRF) Junior World Championships in 2007 in Cochabamba, Bolivia, where she won Girl’s U10, beating Mexican Karla Gascon, 15-4, 15-1, in the final.
But she lost in the Girl’s U12 final at World Juniors in 2009 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to Mexican Diana Aguilar, 15-7, 15-13.
However, in 2009, Mendez played Girls U14 Doubles with Masiel Rivera, and they were runners-up to the USA’s Kelani Bailey and Abbey Lavely, losing the final, 15-7, 15-10.
Mendez and Augilar also met in the Girl’s U12 final at World Juniors in 2010 in Los Angeles with the same result: a win for Aguilar, 15-5, 15-9.
But she also play U14 Girls Singles in Los Angeles and she won, defeating Mexican Ximena Gonzalez in the final, 8-15, 15-12, 11-9.
Mendez reached the Girls U14 Singles final at the 2011 World Juniors in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where she lost to Diana Aguilar of Mexico, 11-15, 15-10, 11-5, once again.
The 2012 Girls U14 Singles final at Los Angeles was a rematch of 2011, and Aguilar again defeated Mendez, 14-15, 15-13, 11-3.
But Mendez found success in the Girls U16 Singles that year, as she won that division by defeating Ximenez Gonzalez of Mexico in the final, 15-11, 15-12.
This time it was Girls U16 Singles in Sucre, Bolivia, where Aguilar again got the best of Mendez, winning 15-13, 7-15, 11-2.
Mendez played at the Pan American Championships for the first time in 2014 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, representing her native land at home.
In Santa Cruz, she played Women’s Singles, and lost to Canadian Frédérique Lambert, 15-8, 12-15, 11-1, in the Round of 16.
Mendez made her 1st appearance at the IRF World Championships at age 17, when she represented Bolivia at the 2014 World Championships in Burlington, Ontario.
But in Women’s Doubles with Adriana Riveros, they beat Soley and Melania Sauma (Costa Rica), 15-10, 15-7, in the Round of 16, but lost to two time defending champions Paola Longoria and Samantha Salas of Mexico, 15-5, 15-12, in the quarterfinals.
At the 2014 World Junior Championships in Cali, Colombia, Mendez lost in the quarterfinals of Girls U16 Singles to team-mate Hawira Rojas, 9-15, 15-7, 11-8.
Mendez won Girls U18 Singles in 2015 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where she defeated Dominican Maria Cespedes in the final, 15-9, 15-3.
She played doubles with Wanda Carvajal that year, and they lost in the semi-finals to Costa Ricans Melania Sauma and Sofia Soley, 15-8, 7-15, 11-3.
Mendez attended her first Pan American Games in Toronto in 2015, when she played in Women’s Doubles and in the Women's Team event.
In doubles, Mendez and Carola Loma defeated Gabriela Martinez and Maria Renee Rodriguez of Guatemala in the Round of 16, 10-15, 15-11, 11-5, but then lost to Mexicans Paola Longoria and Samantha Salas, 15-9, 15-0, in the quarterfinals.
She began to play the Ladies Professional Racquetball Tour (LPRT) in 2016, and competed in 8 of the 12 events the 2016-17 season.
When Mendez played at the Pan American Championships for a second time, she was representing Argentina in San José, Costa Rica in 2017.
Mendez got the semi-finals of the US Open Racquetball Championships in 2017, and was just a few points from the final, as she lost to Frédérique Lambert, 11-8, 2-11, 11-2, 7-11, 11-8.
In Women's Doubles, Mendez partnered with Maria Jose Vargas, and they lost to Mexicans Paola Longoria and Alexandra Herrera, 15-14, 15-6., in the quarterfinals.
In Women’s Doubles, Mendez and Maria Jose Vargas beat Bolivians Stefanny Barrios and Jenny Daza, in the doubles final, 15-11, 15-10.
At the 2018 World Championships in San José, Costa Rica, Mendez played both singles and doubles, as she represented Argentina for the first time.
In Women's Singles, she beat Canadian Frédérique Lambert, 15-8, 15-8, in the Round of 16, and the USA’s Rhonda Rajsich, 15-1, 15-13.
She played Women's Doubles with Maria Jose Vargas, and they lost in the quarterfinals to Guatemalans Gabriela Martinez and Maria Renee Rodriguez, 15-2, 15-8.
At the 2019 Pan American Championships in Barranquilla, Colombia, Mendez reached the semi-finals in Women’s Singles, as she beat Mexico’s Montserrat Mejia in the quarterfinals, 15-13, 15-13.
In Women’s Doubles, Mendez and Vargas beat Chileans Carla Muñoz and Josefa Parada, 15-7, 15-8, in the Round of 16, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Longoria and Samantha Salas of Mexico, 15-7, 15-6.
In the 2018-19 LPRT season, Mendez didn’t reach a semi-final, but she played all 10 events and was in eight quarterfinals.
Mendez played at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru, which was her 2nd Pan Am Games, but first for Argentina.
Mendez beat Guatemala’s Gabriela Martinez, 15-10, 12-15, 11-6, in the Round of 16, and Ecuador’s Maria Paz Muñoz in the quarterfinals, 15-5, 10-15, 11-7.
In Women’s Doubles, she and Maria Jose Vargas beat Canadians Frédérique Lambert and Jennifer Saunders, 15-9, 15-9, in the quarterfinals, but lost to Guatemalans Martinez and Maria Renee Rodriguez in the semi-finals, 15-9, 10-15, 11-1.
So far in the 2018-19 LPRT season Mendez has been in one semi-final - the 3rd of his career - and three quarterfinals out of five events.
Mendez played three times for her native Bolivia, and has played six times for Argentina, winning seven medals, highlighted by gold in Women’s Doubles at the South American Games.
The surface of the Rivière aux Rats is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The Rats river flows more or less in parallel between the Chicoutimi River (west side) and the rivière du Moulin (east side).
The Rivière aux Rats begins, in the south, near boulevard du Royaume (route 170), passes near Rosaire-Gauthier Park, under Jean-Béliveau Park and empties into Saguenay River at the height of the rue de l'Hotel-de-Ville.
A tributary of the Saguenay River, which it meets in the city of Saguenay, it is the main outlet of Kenogami Lake, which rises from a watershed of in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
Used by the Montagnais of the Saguenay River before the arrival of Europeans, it was at that time the first portage from the main access road to Lac Saint-Jean.
In addition to being the source of drinking water for the Chicoutimi and Jonquière boroughs, this river has six dams (including 2 hydroelectric power plants in operation).
The Chicoutimi River rises at Portage-des-Roches, in the Laterrière sector of the Chicoutimi borough at altitude and flows northeast towards Laterrière-Bassin where it is spanned by the Père-Honorat bridge.
Leaving the rocky base and the steep relief of Portage-de-Roches, it then enters an alluvial and semi-alluvial plain up to dam de la Chute-Garneau where the landscapes on both banks alternate between residences and agricultural land for a little over ten kilometers.
Half a kilometer further on, route 170 crosses the river which then enters a more urbanized sector of the Chicoutimi borough.
The river then crosses the Pont-Arnaud dam and begins its increasingly rapid descent towards the Saguenay as the relief becomes increasingly steep.
This retaining structure dries up the original rock bed of the river to divert it towards an underground water intake which supplies the S.P.C.
The river then re-emerges in the historic site of the Pulperie de Chicoutimi and continues to descend to the Chicoutimi dam basin.
The Chicoutimi River flows mainly in the Saguenay graben, a vast elevated valley that overlooks the lowlands surrounding the Saguenay River.
The soils of this large depression are composed of Quaternary marine sediments, such as silt and clay, deposited at the end of the Pleistocene and during the beginning of the Holocene by the Laflamme Sea.
During the last three kilometers when approaching the Saguenay river, opposite the landscape of the alluvial plain of Laterière, the river is encased in a series of gullies in which it sinks to .
The composition of the soils and the strong acceleration of the runoff caused by unevenness in this sector are the main causes causing the river to cut, through marine clay, an incision from 10 to until to the parent rock giving it the appearance of a torrent.
The watershed of the Chicoutimi River occupies an area of , distributed mainly in the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve and shared between two administrative regions: Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.
Flowing from south to north, the Chicoutimi River rises east of Kenogami Lake via the Portage-des-Roches dam in the old town from Laterrière (today Chicoutimi borough to Saguenay (city)).
The first section, delimited by the dams of Portage-des-Roches and Pont-Arnaud, would represent a part in upstream of the river almost in length.
Located in the plain of Laterrière, south of Chicoutimi, this section would have a drop of barely and would form a meander and a reservoir retained by the dams of Pont-Arnaud and Chute-Garneau.
The Chute-Blanchette (Elkem Métal) and Chicoutimi (Abitibi-Consolidated) dams were built respectively on falls of and and largely explain this steep descent to the Saguenay.
The erosion of the river, barely visible upstream, becomes very apparent downstream because it has been dug, over time, in the granite of fjord, a small valley up to Saguenay River.
First, it is important to specify that the Chicoutimi river watershed includes that of Kenogami Lake since the Letellier judgment in 1911.
This judgment designated the Chicoutimi River as the main outlet for the lake to the detriment of the Rivière aux Sables.
The daily contributions of spills from Kenogami Lake into these rivers follow the following proportions: 2/3 go to the Chicoutimi river and 1/3 to the Sables river.
The watershed of the Chicoutimi River, with an area of , holds, with those neighboring it, the Quebec record of precipitation on its territory (approximately of water per year).
The latter would also include three sub-basins (rivers Pikauba, Cyriac and aux-Écorces), two reservoirs (Kenogami and Pikauba) and part of the territory of each of the 5 former cities of Chicoutimi, Laterrière, Lac-Kénogami, Arvida and Jonquière which are now part of city of Saguenay.
The Chicoutimi river basin is also a sub-basin of the Saguenay River, which in turn flows into the St. Lawrence River and ends up in the Atlantic Ocean which drains most of the eastern Quebec rivers.
The Chicoutimi River, during the XXth century, saw its level rise significantly following the construction of numerous dams which made it pass from the stage of river to that of a succession of basins between Kénogami Lake and the Saguenay.
Since the beginning of the XXth century, several works on the Kenogami Lake made it possible to regulate the flow of the Chicoutimi river and the Sables river which shared this same source.
In order to ensure a constant supply to industries downstream from the rivers, water shares were supplied according to the demand, which differed between the cities of Chicoutimi and Jonquière.
This approach triggered conflicts because the capacity to supply water to Kenogami Lake varied according to the seasons and the levels of the various structures did not allow an equitable sharing of flows.
This situation was brought to court in 1911 resulting in the Letellier judgment which shared the contributions of the two main outlets from Kenogami Lake at 2/3 at the Chicoutimi river and 1/3 at the rivière-aux-Sables.
This mandate was given to the Commission des eaux running du Québec which plans to build the Portage-des-Roches dam which will be built with the Pibrac East and Pibrac West dams between 1923 and 1924.
Built in 1676 on the remains of a prehistoric Amerindian encampment, the Chicoutimi trading post, which included a commercial warehouse and a chapel, reached its peak at the end of the XVIIth century.
In 1847, Peter McLoed (son), founder of the town of Chicoutimi, built his second mill in the Bassin district, near the Chicoutimi River.
On the latter's death, William Price, his only partner, took possession of all the mills in the region on behalf of the William Price and Company and bequeathed all to his sons who founded the Price Brothers and Company which became Abitibi-Price (now Abitibi-Consolidated, then AbitibiBowater).
The immense forest wealth upstream of the river greatly facilitates the growth of the company which becomes, in a short time, an internationally renowned pulp exporter.
The river becomes a means of transport of wood and a sufficient source of energy so that Chicoutimi becomes the world capital of the pulp which will supply England during the First World War.
By its jerky drop, its large current and its immense source of water, the Chicoutimi river became, with the arrival of industries, a place of choice for establishing electrical installations.
Between 19 and July 20, 1996, the watershed of Kenogami Lake receives of rain (equivalent about one and a half times the lake at full capacity).
The quantity of water retained by the Portage-des-Roches dam (which usually retains of water), in Laterrière, becomes dangerously high and forces Hydro-Québec to fully open the dam gates (more than /s are discharged for a maximum capacity of /s) to prevent it from yielding.
The huge spill of water alters the river bed and several dwellings (notably in Rang Saint-Pierre) are completely surrounded by this immense flood which sweeps away several dwellings completely uprooting them from their foundations.
Most of the debris from these houses hit the bridge on Portage-Des-Roches road in Laterrière which could give way under the pressure of debris carried by the current.
Further downstream on the river, on July 20 around noon, the huge body of water crosses the Chute-Garneau dam (max capacity of /s) and bypasses it by digging a trench deep.
The drinking water intake of the city of Chicoutimi is uprooted and the municipality will install a pump nearby to provide service.
The Chute-Blanchette dam manages to resist the flood by opening its valves to the maximum (/s) which let water pass through the spillway near Pulperie de Chicoutimi.
The body of water borrows the spillway and the central Elkem metal and is found, at its exit, around the regional museum.
The flood exceeds the water capacity of the spillway and makes its way through two of the old mills of the Pulperie.
The installations of the summer theater are completely submerged by the current that comes out of the windows of the old mill, which has been completely destroyed.
Arriving in the city center, in the Bassin district, the flood violently bypasses the last dam (Chicoutimi dam, /s) and rages on the Bassin district.
Completely flooded in a part of the district and uprooted around the dam, the residences suffered heavy losses in this sector.
However, despite the significant material losses during the overflow of the Chicoutimi River, there were no human losses in this sector.
It dates to 1746 and was constructed by , viceroy of Brazil, to supply water to a prison, soldiers, and residents.
The fountain is located to the southeast of the settlement of Morro de São Paulo, and was the most advanced water supply system in colonial Brazil.
André de Melo e Castro (1668-1753), viceroy of Brazil, built the three-spouted fountain to serve a local prison, soldiers on the Island of Tinharé, and resident.
Illegal excavations were made at the fountain in 1933 and 1946 in search of buried treasures; both excavations caused damage to the structure.
The quality of water in the fountain has deteriorated due to the strain of large-scale tourism on the water and sanitation system of Morro de Sao Paulo.
It consists of a feed stream; a vaulted adduction gallery; a circular cistern covered by a brick, tiled dome in the shape of a half-orange; a wastewater catchment; an iron chute; stairs, and a drainage system.
The Fonte Grande of Morro de São Paulo was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1943.
Nine teams return from the inaugural season, while three new teams enter for the first time; MLS reserve teams Fort Lauderdale CF and New England Revolution II, and expansion club Union Omaha.
The 2019 CAA Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association held from November 1 through November 9, 2019.
The defending champions were the Hofstra Pride, who successfully defended their title, beating the James Madison Dukes 5–1 in the final.
The conference tournament title was the sixth overall for the Hofstra women's soccer program and the fifth overall for head coach Simon Riddiough.
Ryan Walsh (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Championship club Kanturk and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
As a student at the Cork Institute of Technology, Walsh immediately became involved in hurling by becoming a member of the institute's freshers' team before later joining the senior team.
Walsh joined the Kanturk club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels as a dual player, before eventually joining the club's top adult teams in both codes.
On 7 October 2017, Ryan lined out at midfield when Kanturk qualified to play Mallow in the Premier Intermediate Championship final.
Three weeks later on 29 October 2017, Ryan was also at midfield when the Kanturk intermediate football team faced Mitchelstown in the Intermediate A Championship final.
On 19 November 2017, Walsh won a Munster Club Championship medal with the hurlers after lining out at midfield in the 1-23 to 0-25 extra-time defeat of Kilmaley in the final.
On 4 February 2018, he won an All-Ireland medal after scoring 1-02 from play in a 1-18 to 1-17 defeat of St. Patrick's Ballyragget in the final.
He made his first appearance for the team on 6 April 2016 when he lined out at centre-back in Cork's 0-17 to 1-10 defeat of Waterford.
On 3 July 2019, Walsh made his first appearance for Cork's inaugural under-20 team in a 1-20 to 0-16 defeat of Limerick in the Munster Championship.
On 23 July 2019, he scored a point from midfield when Cork suffered a 3-15 to 2-17 defeat by Tipperary in the Munster final.
Walsh was again selected at midfield when Cork faced Tipperary for a second time in the All-Ireland final on 24 August 2019.
He made his first appearance for the team on 20 December 2019 when he scored 1-02 from midfield in Cork's 1-27 to 0-11 defeat of Kerry.
The 2021 Special Olympic World Winter Games officially called 12th Special Olympics World Winter Games is a Special Olympics, a multi-sports from February 2 to 13, 2021.
In December 2018, it was decided that Åre and Östersund, Sweden would host the 2021 World Winter Games between February 2 to 13, 2021.
The Swedish organising committee has financial problems, it can't find enough sponsors as they lack interest in intellectual disabilities, and the Swedish government has the policy not to financial support or guarantee sports events.
Though less common than transatlantic flights, transpacific flights have been commercially available since the mid-1930s and have been used for transport of cargo and passengers across the Pacific Ocean.
The time and distance of transpacific flights are longer than transatlantic flights due to the larger area of the Pacific Ocean.
In 1927, Ernie Smith and Emory Bronte attempted the first civilian transpacific flight bound for Maui, Hawaii starting from Oakland, California.
At 8:54 a.m. on 31 May 1928, Kingsford Smith and his crew left Oakland, California, to attempt the first trans-Pacific flight to Australia.
The third leg was the shortest, in 20 hours (84.15 mph), and crossed the Australian coastline near Ballina before turning north to fly to Brisbane, where they landed at 10.50 a.m. on 9 June.
The 41-hour flight from Sabishiro Beach, Misawa, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, won them the 1931 Harmon Trophy, which symbolized the greatest achievement in flight for that year.
In July 1929, Harold Bromley attempted to fly from Tacoma, Washington to Tokyo, Japan in an orange Lockheed-Vega monoplane purchased by lumberman, John Buffelen, who raised $25,000 to acquire the plane.
For the next year, Pan American planned for passenger flights, the China Clipper and its sister ships, the Philippine Clipper and Hawaii Clipper, focused on cargo transport including mail across the Pacific during this time.
The plane was piloted by two Swiss pilots Bertrand Piccard, a Swiss psychiatrist, and André Borschberg, a Swiss engineer and entrepreneur.
As of 2020, she is the longest serving soap opera actor in the world, in any media form (radio, television or internet) having played the role for 67 years since 1953.
The 1981–82 season was Atlético Madrid's 41st season since foundation in 1903 and the club's 37th season in La Liga, the top league of Spanish football.
The 2018–19 Liga IV Galați was the 51st season of the Liga IV Galați, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
After his high school exam, Müller studied political sciences, legal sciences and North American history at Universität Erfurt and concluded with the title of Bachelor of Arts in 2006.
He was elected as one of the youngest municipal councillors in Bremerhaven and became a member of the Magistrate of the city of Seestadt Bremerhaven.
After Bremen elections in 2015 Maurice Müller became municipal counciller and head for the parks and open space planing departement (Gartenbauamt).
It provides planning, building and keeping of the Green iin Bremerhaven, which also means responsibility for biodiversity and climate adoption concering tree selection and saving green areas.
This list of radio awards is an index of articles that describe notable awards given to radio stations, their personnel, and the creators of content for radio.
The species was first described in 2004, and the name refers to Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metal working.
Proneuronema is an extinct genus of lacewing in the neuropteran family Hemerobiidae known from fossils found in North America and Baltic amber.
The genus currently contains three species, the amber species P. gradatum and P. minor plus the Ypresian P. wehri of Washington state.
When land was granted to Dedham settlers in compensation for the land given to Christian Indians in what is today Natick, Massachusetts, Wright's horse was hired to go survey the land.
Tammy attended Joseph Wheeler High School in Marietta, Georgia and played drums in every type of band – marching band, concert band, symphonic band, jazz band and many garage bands.
Among her credits, she has recorded and performed live with the GRAMMY-winning group Indigo Girls, GRAMMY-winning producer Brendan O'Brien and GRAMMY-winning producer Nick DiDia.
Hurt is a recipient of Catalyst Magazine’s Top 25 Entrepreneurs and Ones to Watch Award, and a 5-year co-chair of the Recording Academy’s national membership committee which, in partnership with national staff, developed the criteria and goals for the new membership process.
A co-founder of the nonprofit organization, Georgia Music Partners (GMP), Hurt spearheaded the campaign to create and pass Georgia’s first standalone music tax incentive, the Georgia Music Investment Act.
She is currently leading an initiative with stakeholders from the City of Atlanta, Fulton County, the State of Georgia and the GRAMMY Museum Foundation, to meaningfully bring the GRAMMY brand to Atlanta.
These efforts have resulted in a $500K local capital raise to kick off the first phase of due diligence for the project.
Farhād Khān (, ), also known as Nizam-e-Zamanah () or Nizam-e-Zaman (), was a Mughal military strategist who had many positions throughout his life.
He was the most well-known Faujdar of Sylhet Sarkar, governing in the late 17th century during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
Farhad led an expedition to Bhulua ruled by Raja Lakshmana Manikya of the Bishwambhar Sur dynasty, and the expedition resulted in a swift Mughal victory.
In the 1665 Conquest of Chittagong, Firingis, led by Captain Moor, set fire to Arakanese fleets and fled to Bhulua where Farhad gave them refuge.
Farhad later sent them off to the Subahdar of Bengal Shaista Khan in Jahangirnagar, who would launch a December expedition led by his son Buzurg Umed Khan.
On 2 January, the fleet split ways with Farhad and Murtaza going through land with the other leaders going through the river.
Farhad was also responsible for the construction of a three-domed mosque and Shah Jalal dargah complex, in 1678, south of the Bara Gambuz.
Farhad appointed a descendant of Shams ad-Din Kamali as the imam of the mosque, who would later become a mufti and found the Mufti Family of Sylhet.
The ruins of another mosque established by Khan can also be seen south-west of Dargah Mahalla (west of the former Sylhet Police lines during the British rule).
He served as the 5th faujdar of Chittagong (then known as Islamabad) with Husayn Quli Khan as his Dewan and Mir Jafar as his Bakshi.
Nawab Syed Muhammad Ali Khan Qaimjung, Naib in 1680, granted land to zamindars such as Jamabakhsh Faqir of Chowallish in 1680, Ramshankar Bhattacharya of Shamshernagar, Kalikanta Chakrabarty of Panchakhanda, Gangadhar Sharma of Baniachong and Ramchandra Chakrabarti of Pathariya.
Seán Twomey (born 2000) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Premier Intermediate Championship club Courcey Rovers and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
On 10 October 2015, he lined out at left wing-forward when Courcey Rovers suffered a 1-14 to 2-10 defeat by Ahan Gaels in the Minor A Championship final.
On 21 October 2018, Twomey scored two points from left corner-forward when Courcey Rovers drew 0-12 to 1-09 with Charleville in the final.
He was switched to right wing-forward for the replay a week later but ended on the losing side after a 0-15 to 0-14 defeat.
He made his first appearance for the team at midfield on 11 April in a 0-16 to 0-06 defeat of Limerick.
On 25 April 2017, Twomey won a Munster Championship medal after a 3-13 to 1-12 defeat of Waterford in the final.
He was again at midfield for Cork's 1-19 to 1-17 All-Ireland final defeat of Dublin at Croke Park on 6 August 2017.
On 23 July 2019, Twomey top-scored for Cork with 1-02 from left wing-forward in a 3-15 to 2-17 defeat by Tipperary in the Munster final.
He was selected at right wing-forward when Cork faced Tipperary for a second time in the All-Ireland final on 24 August 2019, however, he ended the game on the losing side after a 5-17 to 1-18 defeat.
On 20 December 2019, Twomey made his first appearance for the Cork senior team when he was selected at left wing-forward for Cork's Munster League game against Kerry.
Twomey made his first National League appearance on 26 January 2020 when he was introduced as a 60th-minute substitute for Conor Lehane in a 1-24 to 3-17 first round defeat by Waterford.
Nelsson started to freelance as a pianist and keyboardist in 1996 for different events and became a known name in the music industry.
He has worked with several Swedish singers and performers such as Carola Häggkvist, Jerry Williams, Lisa Nilsson, Eric Gadd and Dr Alban.
He has also played the piano during performances by international performers such as Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Craig David and Mary J Blige.
Between 2010 and 2012 Nelsson was the band leader when Robert Gustafsson celebrated his 25 years in the business; the show was played over 240 times at Rondo in Gothenburg, Admiralen in Malmö and Cirkus in Stockholm.
The first year the choir had 600 people join the classes; by 2012 this number had grown to over a 1,000.
Diamond's real name is not a matter of public record, which is traditional for masked wrestlers who have never lost their mask in the ring.
In late 2014, Príncipe Diamante began working for Lucha Libre Elite (LLE), appearing at the very first LLE show on November 13, 2014, teaming with Dinamic Black to defeat Flyer and Magnus.
Through LLE's working relationship with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre, Príncipe Diamante competed in CMLL's 2014 bodybuilding competition, winning it's beginners division.
He defeated Maquiavelo in the first round, Príncipe Daniel in the quarter-finals but ended up losing to eventual tournament winner Magia Blanca in the semifinals.
In the fall of 2019, Príncipe Diamante became involved in a long running storyline feud with Espiritu Negro, one that often saw Espiritu Negro tear Diamante's mask apart or completely off during matches.
On the November 26 show in Arena Mexico, the two wrestled to a double disqualification as they tore the masks off eachother during the match.
During the January 15, 2020 episode of CMLL informa, it was revealed that he would be using a new ring name going forward, Diamond, and that he would be working in a new, silver costume, that resembled the mask of El Santo and his son El Hijo del Santo.
A melanocytoma is a rare pigmented tumor that has been described as a variant of the melanocytic nevus and is a derivative of the neural crest.
Histologically, the tumor is described by large, uniformly shaped polyhedral nevus cells that are pigmented and closely packed Typically, it lacks signs of malignancy such as high mitotic rate, necroses or infiltrative growth.
Location and size could lead to clinical symptoms.While the melanocytoma is generally considered to be a benign tumor, it has a potential for growth, recurrence, and transformation to a malignant melanoma.
The meningeal melanocytoma is found on the leptomeninges of the brain, typically in the area of the base of the brain and brain stem, or the spine.
In a 2003 review of 95 cases by Rahimi-Movaghar et al, 45 were intracranial (mostly supratentorial) and 50 spinal or along spinal roots.
The authors noted that the median age was 40 years for patients with intracranial and 49 for those with spinal tumors.
Vladimir Šoljić (born 19 October 1943) is a Bosnian Croat politician, who served as the second President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997.
During the Bosnian War, Šoljić served a variety of ministerial positions within the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, including minister of energy industry and mining as well as minister of defense.
Soljic and his deputy, Bosniak Ejup Ganić, had little influence in policymaking, and were under pressure from the international community, the Office of the High Representative and the Bosniak and Croat members of the National Presidency.
This organization aimed not to create a new Croat entity, but to connect Croats across the country and determine strategic directions for national, cultural, and economic development.
In 2017, he was elected a member of the Bundestag, the German parliament, after previously serving as mayor of Bad Soden.
After his Abitur, he took up an apprenticeship as a bank teller at Dresdner Bank in Essen, followed by studying economics at the University of Münster.
In the 2017 German federal election, Altenkamp was directly elected as member of parliament for the electoral district of , becoming the CDU candidate after a contested internal election.
He has since been serving on the Committee on Education, Research and Technology Assessment and the Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid.
In this capacity, he is the CDU/CSU parliamentary group's rapporteur on the immigration of skilled workers and on tax incentives for research and development.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan also known as fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan and sold under the brand name Enhertu, is a medication used for the treatment of adults with unresectable (unable to be removed with surgery) or metastatic (when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body) HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan is an antibody-drug conjugate that includes a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed antibody trastuzumab and a topoisomerase I inhibitor conjugate deruxtecan (a derivative of exatecan).
The prescribing information for fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki includes a boxed warning to advise health care professionals and patients about the risk of interstitial lung disease (a group of lung conditions that causes scarring of lung tissues) and embryo-fetal toxicity.
The FDA approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki based on the results of one clinical trial enrolling 184 female patients with HER2-positive, unresectable and/or metastatic breast cancer who had received two or more prior anti-HER2 therapies in the metastatic setting.
The overall response rate was 60.3%, which reflects the percentage of patients that had a certain amount of tumor shrinkage with a median duration of response of 14.8 months.
The competition was promoted by Barry Hearn's Matchroom organisation and sponsored by Trusthouse Forte, with a total prize fund of £40,000.
Fisher was the defending champion, having won the 1991 Women's World Snooker Championship, as the Women's World Championship was not held in 1992.
There was television coverage of the event some days after the final, on Eurosport and London Weekend Television, the latter starting at 3:30 am.
There are a variety of biomes in the park, ranging from tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests at sea level to temperate rainforest in the center of the park.
The park is home to several threatened species, including bay-breasted cuckoos, Hispaniolan amazons, the least poorwill, white-necked crows, western chat-tanagers and La Selle thrushes.
Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events.
The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.
The player has a choice between a pistol, shotgun, laser, machine gun, grenade launcher and laser sword to fight off the robots.
Welden was skeptical of developing a game for VR since in past experiences he had experienced severe nausea using the platform.
His first senior continental club fixture as referee was on 17 July 2014, a match between Bulgarian club Botev Plovdiv and Austrian club St. Pölten in the UEFA Europa League second qualifying round.
The 2020 World Grand Prix is an upcoming professional snooker tournament that will take place from 3 to 9 February 2020 at The Centaur, Cheltenham Racecourse in Cheltenham, England.
The top 32 players on the one-year ranking list, running from the 2019 Riga Masters until and including the 2020 German Masters, qualified for the tournament.
The 2019 Western Michoacan Clashes was an armed confrontation between the Jalisco New Generation Cartel and the El Abuelo Cartel based in Tepalcatepec.
The clashes began early in the morning on 30 August 2019, when CJNG launched an attack on the El Abuelo Cartel after declaring war on the El Abuelo Cartel and stating their intentions to expand into Michoacan and clear the state of the El Abuelo Cartel.
Fighters from the CJNG cartel were reportedly armed with Barrett M82s, and as many as 50 were seen in use with the cartel mounted on trucks during the clashes.
During the fighting local police, and armed civilians fought the cartels in several communities in surrounding areas during the clashes between CJNG and El Abuelo, until the National Guard and Army arrived.
Although he could not take part to the 1951 tour of Australia and New Zealand due to a knee injury, he took part to the 1955 tour which concluded with two wins in three test matches.
Teisseire, while playing for Carcassonne, was called up to dispute the first edition of the Rugby League World Cup in 1954, which was played in France.
He took part to three matches of the tournament, including the final against Great Britain on 13 November 1954 at Parc des Princes in Paris in front of 30.368 spectators, won by Great Britain.
During his sports career, several rugby union clubs tried to sign him, such as Castres, Narbonne or Mazamet, but unsuccessfully, because Tesseire always preferred playing for rugby league clubs.
After his player career, he became coach and international referee, he notably refereed a match between Great Britain and Australia in Perpignan during the 1972 Rugby League World Cup.
Reid & Sons is a firm of silversmiths founded in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1788 by Christian Ker Reid and which continues to trade today as part of the 'Goldsmiths Group'.
Over the years the various branches of the company have been known as Christian Ker Reid; Reid & Son; Reid & Sons; Reid & Sons Ltd; Craddock & Reid; William Ker Reid and Edward Ker Reid.
In 1769 aged 12 he was apprenticed to the Edinburgh silversmith William Davie, following which he gained a position with Langlands & Robertson as a journeyman silversmith.
In 1778 Reid arrived in Newcastle from Edinburgh where he started his own company and making his first submissions to the Newcastle Assay Office in February 1791.
On the retirement of Christian Bruce Reid from the company in 1845 his two older brothers took Christian John Reid (1816-1891), son of David Reid Snr, as a partner in the company.
The firm, known as Reid & Sons, operated from 12 Dean Street, 14 Grey Street (1843) and 41 Grey Street in Newcastle (1855) and exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851 and at the 1862 International Exhibition, again held in London.
Between 1844 and 1898/9 Reid & Sons sent a number of marine chronometers for trial at Greenwich, coming second in 1844.
On other occasions the company came third in the trials and did well enough for the Admiralty to buy a number of their chronometers.
In 1858 William Ker Reid left the business having been an absent partner since 1812 when he had moved to London to set up his own company.
in 1868 Christian John Reid ran the company with his brother David Reid Jr. (1832-1914, who retired from the company in 1882) and his sons Thomas Arthur Reid (1845-1910) and Walter Cecil Reid (1846-1933) in partnership with Francis James Langford at 41 Grey Street and 48 Grainger Street in Newcastle.
In 1909 the company relocated to Blackett Street in Newcastle under the co-management of Thomas Arthur Reid, Christian Leopold Reid and William Septimus Leete (1865-1930).
In 1930 the firm was converted into a limited liability company with the name Reid & Sons Ltd. which in 1967 became a subsidiary of the Northern Goldsmiths Co Ltd, who were founded in Newcastle in 1892.
The company has been part of the jewellery group Aurum Holdings since 2004, which is established as 'Goldsmiths' with about 160 shops across England and Northern Ireland.
In 1812 he set up his own business in London when he went into partnership with Joseph Craddock to form Craddock & Reid.
In 1868 the firm was rocked by the deaths of David Reid and his brother William Ker Reid and his brother David Reid Snr.
Having been apprenticed as a silversmith to his father, Edward Ker Reid was made a Freeman of the Goldsmiths Company by Patrimony in 1842 and was made a Liveryman in 1848.
By 1856 he was managing the company under his own name, while in 1874 the business relocated to Fleet Street in London where it remained until his death in 1886.
Roger More was an English Member of Parliament for Chipping Wycombe in May 1413, 1417, 1419, 1420, May 1421, 1423, 1431 and 1432.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they are automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
Platanthera dilatata, known as tall white bog orchid, bog candle, or boreal bog orchid is a species of orchid, a flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to North America.
It is sometimes called fragrant white bog orchid or scentbottle, for the smell of its flowers, described as intensely spicy or clove-like.
In the Midwest and northeastern United States and Canada, it grows in cold, calcareous fens, cedar and tamarack swamps, meadows, and marshes, typically in sunny spots.
The 2019-20 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey season was the 99th season of play for the program and the 30th season in the Big Ten Conference.
After passing the Senior Cambridge examination at Mount St. Mary's School, India, he did a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from Hindu College, University of Delhi and a Master of Arts from the Delhi School of Economics.
He is a Professor of Strategic Studies at the New Delhi-based Centre for Policy Research; a Richard von Weizsäcker Fellow with the Robert Bosch Academy in Berlin; and a nonresident affiliate with the International Centre for the Study of Radicalization at King's College London.
In the mid-2000s, he was a member of the Indian government's Policy Advisory Group, which was chaired by the External Affairs Minister of India.
Among the institutions where he has held appointments include Harvard University, the Norwegian Nobel Institute, the Brookings Institution, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at the Johns Hopkins University, and the Australian National University.
Roberto Pontremoli was born from Mario Pontremoli and Maria Spangher (born in 1889 in Bari and died in Milan) member of a wealthy family of Venetian origin; her ancestor Cav.
In 1943, due to the imminent war, he moved with his family to Switzerland where his father was already residing for work reasons.
In 1972 at 35 he became managing director of the Padana Assicurazioni and Agip assicurazioni Spa companies belonging to the ENI group.
In 1973 he convinced the top management of Eni to join the Oil Insurance Ltd. mutual company with headquarters in Bermuda where he represents the interests of the group on the board of directors.
In 1977 Pontremoli leaft Eni to join the SAI in Turin as general manager, and then in 1979 he took on the role of general manager of the insurance company .
In 1992 he was appointed extraordinary commissioner of the insurance company MAA by the insurance supervisory body on the recommendation of the Minister of Industry Paolo Savona, with the task of saving the company from bankruptcy.
Then in November 1993 he accepted the appointments as chief executive officer of the Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni (INA) from the Treasury Minister Lamberto Dini.
As CEO of Assitalia SpA, after liquidating some expensive and useless activities, he promoted the development of international relations and worked on the Boards of the investee companies in Italy, France, Spain, Russia and (Germany), freeing the group from some investees with results deemed inadequate.
Since 2003 he has been president of the Lombardy section of the AIDA company (position transferred by his friend Giorgio Sacerdoti), organizing conferences on the digitization of banking and insurance companies in this role.
Since 2014 he has been collaborating with PRB S.r.l to try to implement the process of digitizing the organizational processes of insurance companies.
She showed that these mutants were defective in the gene SecB and went on to study the mechanism of action of this protein; showing that it had chaperone activity and was selective in its binding to exported protein precursors.
Early in her career, Kumamoto demonstrated that this filamentous growth occurs when the organism is grown in contact with an agar medium.
She showed that the CZF1 gene is a regulator of the filamentation response, and that Mkc1 and Cek1 (MAP kinases) are activated when cells are grown in contact with the agar.
Sir Peter Donald Fraser (born 1963 or 1964), referred to in court documents as The Honourable Mr Justice Fraser or Mr Justice Fraser, is a British High Court judge.
After completing his pupillage at Atkin Chambers in Gray's Inn, he was called to the bar on 21 November 1989 and practised law at Atkin's from 1990 to 2015.
He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 2009 and became a High Court judge,assigned to the Queen's Bench Division, on 1 October 2015.
The 1996 MAC Men's Basketball Tournament, a part of the 1995–96 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place at SeaGate Centre in Toledo, Ohio.
He moved to the city to play junior football, and was drafted into Åsane's senior team from their junior team ahead of the 2000 season.
After half a season there, he retired, but in the spring of 2002 he talked himself into training with Sogndal's B team, and in the summer of 2002 he made his first-team debut in Sogndal.
Charles Allen Dick (May 24, 1934 – November 8, 2015) was an American Linotype operator who was best known as the widower of Patsy Cline.
After Cline’s death, Dick worked as a record promotor for Starday Records, a record label that was based in Nashville, Tennessee.
After attending culinary school together at Johnson & Wales University, Karl and Sarah Worley initially opened Biscuit Love as a food truck in the spring of 2012 with just three items on the menu.
The food truck gained a devoted following and widespread acclaim, and the Worleys opened their first brick and mortar location in The Gulch neighborhood of Nashville in January 2015 under a new partnership with Fresh Hospitality, a restaurant investment group.
In August 2019, Karl and Sarah Worley opened a new restaurant called ‘Za Wood-fired Pizza in the same building as their Hillsboro Village location of Biscuit Love.
The flagship Biscuit Love location in The Gulch has become a popular attraction for locals and tourists alike, with lines regularly extending out the main door and down the block.
In 2016, Food Network star Alton Brown said that Biscuit Love’s shrimp and grits were the best he had ever eaten.
Tre Lamb (born September 16, 1989) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the head coach at Gardner–Webb University.
X Lovers is a Los Angeles-based pop music duo consisting of London Jackson and Jacob Ames, who go professionally by their first names, London and Jacob.
They began playing music together as children, citing Green Day and Kanye West as major inspirations, and formed a punk band called Opposition.
By the time they graduated high school they had played over 150 shows and saved enough money to move to Los Angeles and launch their professional career.
Sabri Boukadoum (; born 1 September 1958) is an Algerian politician who has served as foreign minister since 31 March 2019.
In 2009 he joined Ranheim IL, and followed by a period in Sandane as well as a hiatus he rejoined Stryn in 2013.
Finishing with his education as a medical doctor, he In 2014 he was employed by Ålesund Hospital and played from 2014 to 2017 for Spjelkavik IL.
The II (or 2nd) Wessex Brigade was a howitzer unit of the Royal Field Artillery in Britain's Territorial Force (TF) that was formed on the Isle of Wight in 1908.
It served in India and the Middle East during World War I, one of its batteries being captured at the Siege of Kut in Mesopotamia in 1916, and another seeing active service in the Third Afghan War of 1919.
On 29 July 1914 the Wessex Division was on Salisbury Plain carrying out its annual training camp when 'precautionary orders' were received, and next day the division took up emergency war stations in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.
On 24 September, at the special request of the Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum the Wessex Division accepted liability for service in British India to relieve the Regular Army units there for service on the Western Front.
The division's infantry battalions and artillery brigades (without their brigade ammunition columns) embarked at Southampton on 8 October and were convoyed to Bombay, disembarking on 9 November.
The battalions and batteries were immediately distributed to garrisons across India, and the Wessex Division never saw service as a whole, though it was formally numbered the 43rd (1st Wessex) Division in 1915.
Meanwhile, those men who had been left behind, together with the recruits who were flooding in, formed reserve or 2nd Line units, the titles of which were the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix.
Recruitment and training for the 2nd Wessex Division proceeded so quickly that on 25 November it was decided to send that to India as well, and most units embarked on 12 December 1914, becoming the 45th (2nd Wessex) Division in 1915.
By early 1915 the need was growing for troops to be sent to various theatres of war, and the first units of the 1st Wessex Division to go on active service were 1/5th Hampshire (H) Battery and 1/4th Battalion Hampshire Regiment, which were sent to Mesopotamia in March.
Soon afterwards it transferred to 6th (Poona) Division, which had been in action against Turkish forces in Mesopotamia since the previous November.
At the Battle of Amara on 31 May, 6th (Poona) Division captured a series of hills, powerfully supported by heavy guns firing from river barges and the howitzers of 1/5th Hampshire Bty firing from Fort Snipe, though the battery was out of range when the infantry took the last hill.
When it ran into serious opposition in 14 July, reinforcements were sent across from the Tigris, including a section of 1/5th Hampshire Bty.
As the infantry advanced the guns lifted in front of them; by 13.00 the enemy were in full retreat, driven out once more by the guns.
On the night of 27/28 September Townshend switched the bulk of 6th (Poona) Division from the south to the north side, to make the main attack against the northern redoubt at 08.45.
The attacking infantry were given covering fire by 1/5th Hampshire and other batteries as they advanced over open ground to take the redoubt.
They halted to prepare new defences at Ctesiphon, from Kut and only in front of Baghdad, while Townshend followed up as far as Aziziya.
After a logistical build-up, Townshend was authorised to resume his march on Baghdad on 14 November, his force including 1/5th Hampshire Bty, which consisted of 3 officers, 108 British other ranks and 41 Indian other ranks.
He attacked on the morning of 22 November with four columns, 1/5th Hampshire Bty accompanying Column A, which was to make the decisive attack on the redoubt known as 'Vital Point' or VP after the other columns had made preparatory and flanking attacks.
Column A launched its assault at 09.00; 1/5th Hampshires' howitzers and a battery of field guns had been bombarding VP for some time, and now brought down such fire on the objective that the Turks could not withstand it, and the infantry advanced right up to the bursting shells to take the objective by 10.00.
At 13.00 Turkish guns attacked the column with concentrated fire, causing heavy casualties, but by 13.30 they had lost their entire front line and Column A was pressing on to the second line.
A Turkish counter-attack was seen coming in, but the guns swung onto this new target and stopped it at a range of .
Next morning it became clear how costly the victory had been in terms of infantry casualties, and Townshend had to adopt a defensive posture: 1/5th Hampshire Bty was posted around 'Water Redoubt'.
Townshend's force threw back Turkish attacks all day and by the morning of 24 November both sides were too exhausted to continue the fight (1/5th Hampshire Bty had lost 1 man killed, 1 officer, 2 British and 1 Indian other ranks wounded).
He fell back to Lajj and then Aziziya, and by 29 November he was at Umm-at-Tubal, where he formed a camp with his rear to the river.
On 1 December he put in a sharp attack on the gathering Turks, with rapid artillery fire that completely disorganised them while he resumed his retreat.
1/5th Hampshire Bty was stationed with the bulk of the artillery at the Brick Kiln, near the fort where the artillery observation posts (OPs) were positioned.
The main Turkish attack was made on 24 December following a pre-dawn bombardment that switched onto the Fort at 07.00, putting some guns out of action and cutting the telephone from the OPs.
The bombardment suddenly stopped at 11.00 and a massive Turkish infantry attack was made against the breaches blown in the walls of the fort.
A second attempt by moonlight at 20.00 was also halted, the heavy guns and howitzers firing Lyddite shells into the Turkish trenches whose position was precisely known.
From now on the town was blockaded and shelled while Turkish attention was concentrated on preventing the British relieving force getting through from Basra.
The artillery horses had been killed for food before the end of March, though many of the Indian troops refused to eat them.
The Turks demanded unconditional surrender so 1/5th Hampshire Bty blew up their guns and remaining ammunition on 28 April before marching into captivity the following day under their battery commander, Maj H.G.
The 1/5th Hampshire Bty and a company of the 1/4th Hampshire Regiment had been the only TF units in the besieged garrison.
There are no exact figures, but is believed that about one-third of the prisoners died in captivity before the end of the war.
In September 1915 1/4th Hampshire (H) Battery was sent from India to Aden, where it landed and joined the Aden Expeditionary Force on 13 September.
The port of Aden had been threatened by a Turkish force but after some action in June and July 1915 it simply watched the British garrison.
It left its 5-inch howitzers behind for 2/1st Devonshire Battery from 2/IV Wessex Brigade that relieved it, and on arrival in India it was rearmed with modern 18-pounder field guns and ceased to be a howitzer battery.
In 1917 it was redesignated 1089 Battery RFA, and was brought up to an establishment of six guns when it was joined by a section from 2/2nd Devonshire Battery.
1/II Wessex Brigade was renumbered as CCXVI (216) Brigade during 1916, although it consisted only of the returned 1089 (1/4th Hampshire) Bty.
However, by April 1917 it was joined by 1097 Bty from CCXXV Bde (the former 2/1st Hampshire Bty from 2/I Wessex Bde) and 1104 Bty from CCXXVII Bde (the former 2/1 Wiltshire Bty from 2/III Wessex Bde).
After the end of World War I 1089 Battery was still serving in India when the Third Afghan War broke out.
After the rest of the division sailed for India 2/II Wessex Brigade was sent to the Isle of Wight in early 1915.
However, in 1927 the brigade was broken up: the Hampshire elements transferred to form two batteries in the 95th (Hampshire Yeomanry) Field Brigade while the Wiltshire elements joined the West Somerset Yeomanry batteries from 94th (Somerset and Dorset Yeomanry) Field Brigade to form a new 55th (Wessex) Field Brigade with headquarters at Taunton.
The 2020 NRL Nines will be the fifth edition of the NRL Nines and the first one being hosted outside of Auckland.
Just like previous tournaments, it will contested by all 16 National Rugby League teams, but for the first time, the four NRL Women's Premiership teams will play as well, as opposed to the Jillaroos and Kiwi Ferns like in former editions.
The men's tournament is split into four pools of 4 (1, 2, 3 & 4) and then into 2 groups of 2 in each pool (A & B).
The women's tournament, meanwhile, is a round robin with each team playing 3 games, one against each of the others, before the top 2 teams go to the final.
Having been involved in politics since 1972, Macrus has spent his political career representing São Paulo, having served as state representative in the lower house of the national legislature from 1975 to 2007 and the state legislature from 2007 to 2011 and since 2012.
In 2017 his son Cauê was elected president of the São Paulo Legislative Assembly, becoming the first father-son duo to have served as presidents.
He voted in favor raising the spending ceiling of Brazil's government and the 2017 Brazilian labor reforms Macris voted in favor of a similar corruption investigation into Rousseff's successor Michel Temer.
Kelly Fisher was the reigning champion, having won the 2003 Championship, as the Women's World Championship was not held in 2004, but did not participate, having left snooker to play on the pool circuit in the United States.
The third frame of the final between reigning IBSF World Women's Snooker Champion Reanne Evans and Lynette Horsburgh was replayed due to a scoring error.
Evans won the replayed frame went on to win the match 6–4, taking the last four frames after being 2–4 behind.
He is best known for writing and directing the Solar Map Project, an upcoming documentary film about ancient petroglyphs in the Amabay hills of Paraguay.
Frank Weaver was born in Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay, the son of Sonia Weaver (née Vasconcelos) a nurse, and Joseph Weaver, a writer and entrepreneur.
Raised in the midst of the Stroessner military dictatorship, he credits his experiences with totalitarian rule with educating him in the power of images.
As a youth, Weaver often visited the reservations of the Panambi'y Indians with his father, then a member of the Association for the Protection of the Environment (APMA), in order to participate in reforestation and environmental education projects.
Weaver, being only 10 years old at the time, was selected to be the unofficial videographer for the organization's efforts, as his youth afforded him the time and acuity to learn the equipment.
Throughout his visits to the reservations, Weaver undertook audiovisual documentation of the Guarani culture, and highlighted a variety of social issues faced by the community.
When he was just 16 years old, Weaver's father – an American citizen by birth – was offered a job in the United States and moved the entire family to Orlando, Florida.
In 2009 Weaver traveled to Paraguay with Good Karma for All, a community organization dedicated to providing fun opportunities to volunteer and help people in need, in order to install the first latrines and solar lighting in a local indigenous community.
Since 2016 Weaver has been the Eco Captain of Central Florida Recon, an organization that aims to make environmental protection into an outdoor adventure.
The group encourages people to lessen their impact on the planet by taking kayaking trips to local rivers and lakes to see pollution firsthand.
As a sufferer of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), he has worked to reduce the stigma of mental illness and encourages communication as a means of dealing with an issue that impacts nearly everyone.
In 2017, Weaver wrote and directed a short film dealing with his own issues with PTSD, which is available to view for free on his YouTube channel.
Outside of his interests in film-making, Weaver has also explored the use of digital tools such as coding and computer generated imagery (CGI) to further his activism efforts.
In December 2018, Weaver launched the Shower Thoughts Bot, a Twitter bot designed to ask questions pertaining to societal, technological, and environmental problems.
Living just a few blocks from Pulse nightclub during the time of the 2016 mass shooting, Weaver was inspired to create a short film based on his experiences in the neighborhood following the attack, as well as the unexpected triggering effects the event had on his PTSD.
The goal of the film is to tell an informative, entertaining, and compelling story that explores the culture of a remote community of people and examine the potential threats facing the rock art they protect.
The documentary is currently in post-production, and upon completion it will be made freely available online under a Creative Commons license.
He fought in the battle of Kock in 1939 and the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, He was a Polish Navy officer from 1945 to 1947, who was executed after a show trial in 1947.
During the occupation of Poland he joined the Home Army, was arrested by the Gestapo (German: Geheime Staatspolizei, Secret State Police) was tortured for information without success; he was close to death when liberated.
She eventually started interning at a public radio station in Massachusetts, which led her to enroll at the Salt Institute for Documentary Studies.
When the show was cancelled in 2013, Judge and two colleagues, Lauren Spohrer and Eric Mennel, decided to create their own program.
Hugo Lennox (born 6 March 1999) is an Irish rugby union player who plays for the Ireland national rugby sevens team.
He also represented Ireland at the 2019 London Sevens where he started four of the six matches, and the team finished sixth.
Lennox again was in the Ireland squad in June 2019 for a Europe regional qualifying tournament for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Estimated equivalent results for House of Commons constituencies in England, Scotland and Wales were produced by Professor Chris Hanretty of Royal Holloway, University of London.
Similarly, he noted that the estimates were not useful at predicting the results of general election, comparing UKIP's vote share in the 2014 EU election (27%) to its share in the 2015 UK general election (13%).
Guy Delaye is a French former professional rugby league footballer who represented France in the 1954 Rugby League World Cup, as a .
Delaye, then playing for Marseille XIII, was called up to play the 1954 Rugby League World Cup which was played in France.
He takes part to the first two matches of the tournament, remaining in the reserves during the final against Great Britain, the latter winning the tournament.
The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls is a 2008 mystery pastiche novel written by John R. King, that presents an alternate history of the battle between Sherlock Holmes and his nemesis Professor Moriarty.
As he tours Europe, Thomas Carnacki ends up in Meiringen, Switzerland and upon visiting Reichenbach Falls he stumbles upon Holmes and Moriarty locked in mortal combat.
The story is told in three distinct parts: the first is narrated by Carnacki, the second from the memoirs of Moriarty, and the final section by Sherlock Holmes.
From 2000 to 2001, he served as International Vice-President of Key Club International, an international service program for high school students in 38 countries.
While in college, he was an intern in the White House Office of Political Affairs during the Administration of President George W. Bush.
As a sophomore at Georgetown University, Gorordo co-founded (with a group of college students) Roots of Hope (Raíces de Esperanza), a non-profit focused on youth empowerment in Cuba through technology and entrepreneurship.
Upon graduating from college, Gorordo served in the Administration of President George W. Bush as an aide to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez, and later as Special Assistant to the Director of the U.S.
From 2006 to 2007, Gorordo was detailed to the U.S. Department of State and served in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
From 2011 to 2012, he served as the White House Fellow to the President’s Domestic Policy Advisor Cecilia Muñoz, and worked in the White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs.
” The conference included the participation of then-U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, several cabinet secretaries and high-level business and government leaders from throughout the Americas in lead up to the 2012 Summit of the Americas.
Following the White House Fellowship, Gorordo joined Clearpath, (acquired by L1BRE), a venture-backed tech company focused on revolutionizing the paper-based immigration filing process – just as TurboTax transformed tax filing.
In 2014, he became CEO & President of Clearpath, which leveraged patented-technology to enable individuals to file their own immigration applications.
After the acquisition of Clearpath, Gorordo served as CEO of L1BRE, a tech company with operations in the U.S. and Mexico.
In 2018, Gorordo was named CEO of eMerge Americas, a platform which seeks to foster innovation and entrepreneurship across the Americas, and transform Miami into becoming the tech hub of the Americas.
In 2019, he led the organizing of the sixth annual eMerge Americas conference, which attracted more than 16,000 attendees and 400 participating companies from over 40 countries.
In 2003, Gorordo co-founded Roots of Hope after traveling to Cuba for the first time with the purpose of building bridges between young people on and off the island.
From 2014 to 2015, Gorordo was actively engaged in the re-establishment of U.S.-Cuba diplomatic ties, including accompanying then-U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry to the re-opening of the Embassy of the United States, Havana in 2015, and President Barack Obama on his historic trip to Cuba in 2016 (the first sitting U.S. president to travel to the island since President Calvin Coolidge in 1928).
In 2015, Gorordo and his mother participated in the pilgrimage trip to Cuba with Pope Francis, which led to her being blessed by the Pope and reuniting with her family on the island after 46 years.
In 2018, Gorordo joined the Biden Cancer Initiative and led the organizing of more than 450 Biden Cancer Community Summits across the U.S. to focus national attention on creating actionable solutions in the fight against cancer.
He previously served as a Term Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and Senior Fellow at the Georgetown University Beeck Center on Social Impact and Innovation.
Karlina is an Danish, Faroese, Norwegian and Slovene feminine given name that is an alternate form of Karla and a short form of Karolina.
There is a protected area for the accumulation of surface water which is used to avoid the construction of the Pěčín water reservoir.
DYIB (96.1 FM), on-air as 96.1 The Voice FM, is a news/talk and music radio station licensed to Pamplona and broadcasts to the people of Tanjay City and surrounding areas.
It is owned and operated by Iddes Broadcast Group and serves as an affiliate of Power 102.1 RFM, a radio station owned by Gold Label Broadcasting System, Inc. and operated by the Ruiz family in nearby Mabinay.
In 2005, she joined the Associated Press, where she was both reporter and editor based in: New York, Islamabad, Kabul, and London.
In 2011, she was one of the first foreign correspondents to reach Abbottabad, Pakistan, after the killing of Osama bin Laden.
She has spoken publicly at the College of William & Mary and on news shows including: CBS News, WNYC, WAMU, KCRW, and Wisconsin Public Radio.
The Renegade thesis explains the emergence of the Beylik of Osman and, in particular, the successes during the Rise of the Ottoman Empire and Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire with the successful integration of local renegades of all classes, combined with the following policy of meritocracy.
The first example of a significant renegade is Köse Mihal, and Stephan Gerlach describes in his diary very much that often during that time prominent French, Italian, Spanish and Hungarian noblemen became Turkish renegades.
Evans won the mixed doubles snooker tournament with her partner Mark Allen, Jenny Poulter won the seniors event, and Suzie Opacic won the juniors event.
Hailing from New York City, he studied at St. Francis Xavier High School, before entering the Society of Jesus in 1898.
He returned to the United States in 1925, and was an administrator and teacher at Jesuit schools in Washington, D.C., New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
Upon the end of his term four years later, he returned to St. Peter's High School in Jersey City, where he died.
He studied at St. Francis Xavier High School in New York, before entering the Society of Jesus on August 14, 1898.
He proceeded to the novitiate in Frederick, Maryland, where spent his novice and scholastic years there, with the exception of one year spent at St. Andrew-on-Hudson in Poughkeepsie, New York.
Canning next taught for four years at St. Francis Xavier High School, and then for a year at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts.
There, he was ordained by Cardinal James Gibbons a subdeacon, deacon, and priest on June 26, 27, and 28, 1915 respectively.
He then served as prefect of studies at St. Peter's High School in Jersey City, New Jersey, before returning to Gonzaga for three years.
Canning became an administrator at St. Isaac Jogues Novitiate in Wernersville, Pennsylvania for two-and-a-half years, before transferring to St. Francis Xavier High School in February 1934.
Following the end of his presidency, he returned to St. Peter's High School in Jersey City, where he became spiritual director for the Jesuit community there.
His funeral was held on March 26, and was attended by Thomas J. Murry, the president of Loyola College, on behalf of the school.
Wretman is perhaps best known for introducing cooking to men in Sweden, and his work as a restaurateur founding several of Stockholm's most popular restaurants.
Wretman did not succeed in school, and at the age of sixteen he began apprenticing in the kitchen at the Hotel Continental in Stockholm.
At Maxim's he learned the basics in the kitchen and was an apprentice under chef Louis Barth and restaurant owner Albert Baser.
In 1937, Wretman worked as head of the bar at the restaurant Soleil de Minuit in the Swedish pavilion at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne.
There he became acquainted with Sara Reuterskiöld, who was about to open the restaurant Regnbågen; she hired Wretman as head chef.
He obtained a job as a receptionist at a London hotel, where he stayed until 1943 when he finally had the chance to return to Sweden.
The pillar sections were halved, and its entrance was built on Nybrogatan, where Wretman opened his second restaurant Teatergrillen, which soon became one of Stockholm's most popular restaurants.
Five years later, Wretman took over the Stallmästaregården restaurant, which became one of the most renowned restaurants in the country after only a short time.
The duo also presented segments on television meant to educate men about cooking and cuisine, a task that had previously been considered a woman's duty.
He is known to have introduced avocado and green pepper to the Swedish public, as well as prawns on toast, a dish which is better known as Toast Skagen.
He and his sister, Philadelphia, were orphaned, George being nine years old, and he was thus taken under the wing of his wealthy uncle Francis Austen.
First, they lived in the rectory at Deane, but in 1771 they moved to Steventon Parsonage, which is the birthplace of their most famous child.
At the time when I have the most perfect recollection of him he must have been hard upon seventy, but his hair in its milk-whiteness might have belonged to a much older man.
Led by head coach Dick Zornes, the Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 8–2 and earned the program's first NCAA Division I-AA playoff bid.
Believed to be from her upcoming album, the clips were both directed by Del Rey's sister Chuck Grant and filmed solely on an iPhone in a vintage style, achieved through post-production filters.
Going without a proper release for several months, Del Rey announced in October that she would be releasing a triple-feature for three songs from her album.
Intercut with shots of Del Rey shining on a hammock and singing in front of roses, the song ends with Del Rey singing in front of a pool of CGI jellyfish.
Del Rey's sister, Chuck, makes a brief cameo in a scene in which Del Rey and two of her other friends are meditating in a national park with Disney wildlife wandering around them.
The only section in the film to feature non-music audio, the group laugh as they throw slurpees and donuts at the cops as they chase them around, all while fighter jets fly overhead and explosions are set off in the background.
The usage of the war imagery is believed be indicative of the political tensions occurring internationally, with the clueless cops being representative of governments and their officials turning a blind eye to what's going on in the world.
The video also features Jack Nicholson's son, Duke, who also appears with Del Rey on the cover of the album artwork.
Several of Del Rey's friends make cameo appearances, including Emma Tillman, Duke Nicholson, Craig Stark, and her sister and the film's director, Chuck Grant.
After the war she was sent to San Francisco where she provided freight and passenger services between that city and other ports on the Pacific coast.
Cornelius and Richard Poillon operated a shipyard in Brooklyn, New York at the foot of Bridge Street on the East River.
In any case, shortly after her launch on October 6, 1864 she was chartered for use by the Quartermaster Corps of the Union Army to provide logistical support along the Atlantic coast for Civil War operations.
She was rigged as a brigantine, and could sail, but her primary propulsion was provided by a steam engine driving a single propeller.
An indication that her designers considered her possible service in war, all her machinery was placed below her waterline, and thus less likely to be damaged by a cannon ball.
In 1866, when she was purchased by the California Steam Navigation Company, she had over 60 first class cabins each with two berths.
The galley was on the open top deck of the ship so that cooking odors would not enter the main cabin.
She was one of the first vessels to reach the city after the Savannah River was cleared of obstacles left by the retreating Confederates.
These were mostly armorers from the Fayetteville, North Carolina arsenal, who had relocated from Harpers Ferry, Virginia when the Confederate States moved the equipment they had captured.
She was commanded by Captain Cornelius Godfrey in her late war service, her repositioning to the Pacific, and in her early commercial voyages from San Francisco.
The fare for the inaugural trip from San Francisco to Honolulu trip was $75 for a cabin or $40 for steerage.
She left San Francisco on January 13, 1866 with 68 passengers, including Samuel Clemens, who reported on the trip using his pen name, Mark Twain.
He reported that the trip to Hawaii was rough, and claimed that he saw 22 of the 68 passengers vomiting over the bulwarks from seasickness at one point.
She carried 34 passengers on this return voyage and a wide variety of agricultural imports including 2,579 kegs of sugar, 807 packages of molasses, 242 sacks of coffee, and 3,621 coconuts.
She cleared San Francisco with 1,786 sacks of flour, 87 sacks of barley, 57 sacks of oats, 498 sacks of potatoes, paint, guns, kegs of nails, a piano, 6 dozen shovels, and other merchandise valued at $28,192.75.
She arrived back in San Francisco on April 15, 1866 with 617 tons of freight, a record for the time for a single ship from Hawaii.
Shortly after her return to San Francisco, the California Steam Navigation Company withdrew he from her Hawaii route, ending scheduled steamship service to the islands.
After several months of idleness, the ship was reassigned to the San Francisco - Portland route and made her first trip on February 12, 1867, arriving in Portland on February 16.
She made several additional roundtrips between San Francisco and Portland in 1867, but with competition from the Ben Holladay's California, Oregon & Mexico Steamship Company and the newly launched Anchor Line, the route had too many ships on it and a full scale fare war broke out.
In March 1869 the California, Oregon, and Mexico Steamship Company was reincorporated under the laws of California as the North Pacific Transportation Company.
The company suspended this transpacific service during the stormy winter months, reassigning the ship to the San Francisco - Portland route.
She resumed her trips to Honolulu on March 18, 1871, carrying 33 passengers, more than half of whom were transferring there to a steamer that would take them to Australia or New Zealand.
She was reassigned to her Portland route again for the winter of 1871 and remained on this route for the remainder of her career.
This new company served only the San Francisco to Portland route and thus buttressed Holladay's riverboat and railroad business in Oregon.
The difficulties of the San Francisco - Portland route combined with the Ajax's advancing age brought a cascade of mechanical problems.
She had difficulty with her propeller shaft in January 1876 and lost a blade on her massive propeller in November 1876.
In November 1880 she was purchased by Charles Goodall, a partner in the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, one of the significant shipping firms based in San Francisco.
Monty Nero (aka Montynero) is a writer of comic books, graphic novels, and stories published by Marvel, DC, Delcourt, 2000ad and Titan Comics.
The first series of comics, first published by Titan Comics in 2013, focuses on three main characters: Verity Fette, a bisexual graphic designer; Weasel, a drug-addicted rock star; and Monty, a celebrated comedian and film star.
It was collected and published as a hardback graphic novel by Titan in 2014, and was translated into French and published by Delcourt in 2015.
Jan Slavíček (22 January 1900 – 5 April 1970) was a Czech painter, son of painter Antonín Slavíček (1870–1910), brother of director and editor Jiří Slavíček and the successor of the Slavíček family.
He was a member of SVU Mánes starting in 1922 and has undertaken a number of study trips to France (including Corsica), Italy, Spain, England, Greece, the USSR and Yugoslavia.
From 1937 to 1970 he lived in the rear wing of the Hrzánský Palace in Hradčany, painting the views of Prague from his studio window.
He dealt with the impulses of French fauvism in his early years, but soon found his own painting expression, based on sensual realism.
Penny Crissman (born November 20, 1943) is an American politician who served in the Michigan House of Representatives from the 45th district from 1993 to 1998.
The Legend of the Christmas Witch () is a 2018 Italian-language Christmas fantasy comedy film based on the Italian legend of the Befana.
During the day Miss Paola works as a schoolteacher in an Italian town, but at night she transforms into the over 500-year-old Befana, a witch who delivers presents to well-behaved children and unusual surprises to bad ones each year at midnight when it turns January 6.
One year a dog chews on her Rolodex and she fails to deliver a gift in time to Giovanni Rovasio, who then blames her for all of his subsequent misfortunes, including his parents' divorce.
25 years later, Giovanni has transformed himself into Mr. Johnny, a villain who kidnaps Paola in order to take over delivery of the toys.
The children are found by Mr. Johnny's men and put into a trash compactor but Riccardo drops a Swiss Army knife in the gears and stops the machine, allowing the children to escape.
Knowing that fire is the only way to harm the Befana, Mr. Johnny ties Paola to a Christmas tree and sets it on fire, using Christmas presents as kindling.
Just then the clock strikes midnight and she transforms into the Befana, giving her the power to break free from her bonds and fly away on her broom.
Mr. Johnny chases after her on a jet-propelled hoverboard and causes her to crash before trapping her in a bubble in his toy factory.
Paola agrees to give Mr. Johnny the letters she has received from children containing their gift wishes and they leave for the mountain where the letters are hidden.
Meanwhile, Paola's boyfriend Giacomo arrives at her home to find her missing and discovers her secret identity in her storage cellar.
Giacomo and the children reach the mountain where the letters are hidden and fight Mr. Johnny but ultimately Mr. Johnny and Paola both topple from a cliff during a struggle.
The next year on January 6, Riccardo finds a Swiss Army knife in his stocking, then notices Paola walking through the town with Giacomo.
Google App Maker is a low-code application development tool, developed by Google inc. and is a part of the G Suite family.
As a postdoctoral researcher she constructed the first food webs in tropical ecosystems, looking at plants, leaf-miners, and parasitoids, working with Charles Godfray.
In 2012 she was appointed Head of the School of Biological Sciences where she oversaw the school's transition to a new Life Sciences building.
Memmott's studies a wide range of areas in ecology including pollination ecology, invasion ecology, agro-ecology, biological control, urban ecology, and restoration ecology.
They found that private residential gardens, allotments, and community gardens had a higher abundance of insect pollinators than public amenity gardens, such as parks and road verges.
In particular she advocates for growing areas of wildflowers, which have plants with more nectar and pollen than many cultivated plant varieties.
She has also studied the way in which resources available to insect pollinators have changed over the past century as well as the changes that occur over a one year period.
In her research of long-term vegetation surveys she found that nectar resources in the UK declined up to the 1970s, during agricultural intensification, but since then resources have increased.
On a smaller timescale, Memmott found a potential for mismatch in the timing between flowering plants and the flight times of pollinators that visit them through the year.
Her research has shown that there are significant gaps seasonally in resources for pollinators from plants, such as pollen and nectar, in early spring and late summer; this knowledge could be used to alter the species mix of wildflower strips as part of agri-environment schemes.
Memmott was made President Elect of the British Ecological Society in 2019, she will become President of the society in 2020.
Classified as a diphosphite, BiPhePhos is derived from three 2,2'-biphenol groups, which constrain its shape in such a way to confer high selectivity to derived catalysts.
Gamboa grew up wanting to be a doctor or a nurse, initially endeavouring to go to medical school, however her first application was rejected.
While studying to re-apply, Gamboa found her true passion for research, and eventually did her bachelors in biology and masters in biochemistry at Cayetano Heredia University.
She built up the malaria group at the Institute of Tropical Medicine to a team of around 50 people conducting lab-based studies locally in Lima and field-work around Iquitos.
Gamboa and her group work with Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, WHO, and the Peruvian Ministry of Health, to track mosquito breeding and malaria transmission in the Amazon.
Her research team used aerial drones to construct maps of where large bodies of stagnant water can be found across the rural region, which provide fertile habitats for developing mosquitoes.
However she recently commented on the disappointment that her country was no longer entitled to discounted access to the Elsevier journals due to recent economic growth.
Gamboa is a project lead at the Amazonian Center of Excellence in Malaria Research established by the NIH and lead by Joseph Vinetz.
He was educated at a Moravian school, and removed to Dublin in 1813, where he plunged into a life of dissipation, and was finally imprisoned.
A period of contrition succeeding, he united in 1817 with the Wesleyans, where his pulpit talents attracted universal attention, and in 1819 he was preaching to immense congregations in Dublin and doing missionary labor.
The same year he visited France and England, again in quest of health, and having been appointed a delegate to the anniversary meeting of the Protestant Bible society in Paris.
Upon his return, in April, 1824, he preached in the large cities with great success, and formed missionary societies till the following February.
Pauline Couriard (1848, Saint Petersburg - 1898, Saint Petersburg), born Pelageia Petrovna Vokhina, was a Russian painter, an honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Arts.
She exhibited her landscapes at the Imperial Academy of Arts, where she received 2 silver medals, and in 1882 was recognized as an honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Arts.
The same year she founded the First Ladies Art Circle aimed to facilitate women’s access to the courses provided by the Academy of Fine Arts.
In 1892 on the occasion of tenth anniversary of the First Ladies Art Circle Couriard received a series of drawings as a gift from the members of the Circle.
In the final, Evans was level 3–3 with Henrick before winning the next two frames to claim her third successive title.
Association of Canadian University Teachers in English is a professional organization founded in 1957 to promote the study of English language and literature in Canadian colleges and universities.
The association advocates on a number of issues related to the concerns of its members, including Canadian Copyright legislation, precarious employment and contingent labour in the academy, academic rigour, professional work environments, cuts to library funding and university presses, and academic freedom, among others.
ACCUTE also publishes the peer reviewed academic journals ESC: English Studies in Canada, one of the leading journals in the discipline in Canada.
After the war he was involved in organizing and teaching activities, he worked as the director of the State Film Studios as well as a teacher at the Secondary Film School in Čimelice.
Rayjon Tucker (born September 24, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
As a senior, he averaged 24 points, 10 rebounds, 5 assists, 3 steals and 3 blocks per game and helped lead Knights to the state championship game.
Tucker committed to play college basketball at Florida Gulf Coast over offers from Virginia Tech, Boston College, VCU, Clemson, and Auburn.
After sitting out a season due to NCAA transfer rules, he averaged 20.3 points and 6.7 rebounds per game and was named second team All-Sun Belt Conference.
Following the season, Tucker left the program with the intention of joining a higher-level program as a graduate transfer while also declaring for the 2019 NBA Draft.
After averaging 10.2 points and 3.6 rebounds in five summer league games, the Bucks signed Tucker to an Exhibit 10 contract on August 16, 2019.
Tucker was waived by the Bucks on October 19, 2019 and was subsequently assigned to their NBA G League affiliate, the Wisconsin Herd.
Tucker averaged 23.8 points, 4.6 rebounds, 2.8 assists, and 0.9 steals per game in 33.8 minutes played in 16 games with the Herd before signing an NBA contract with the Jazz.
Tucker made his NBA debut on December 30, 2019 against the Detroit Pistons, scoring two points and grabbing a rebound in a 104-81 win.
The island is protected as part of the Hanford Reach National Monument, which was created out of lands surrounding the Hanford Site.
Before the arrival of European settlers, Native Americans used the island and areas around it for fishing and other river-based activities.
Use of the island largely ceased as Americans moved into the region and began to farm on both sides of the Columbia River, establishing the town of White Bluffs on the Benton County side of the river.
This town, which was only a few miles south of Locke Island, was abandoned when the Hanford Site was constructed under the Manhattan Project.
Locke Island is located near the former sites of several Native American fishing sites that were primarily used by the Yakama, Nez Perce, and ancestors of the Wanapum.
Many of the people who fished in the area would camp on the island itself, with others traveling to the area from as far as Idaho to trade.
According to a Native American who spoke with researchers in the early-20th century, most families who came to the area to fish would catch an average of 300 fish during their time there.
Erosion during the wet season of 1996–1997 unearthed material that had previously lain below the island's surface, indicating the presence of people as early as 2,000 years ago.
The lands were ceded to the United States in the treaty signed by the Umatilla and Yakama Tribes at the Walla Walla Council in 1855.
As white settlers moved into the Columbia Basin, Native Americans found less use for Locke Island and the surrounding fish encampments.
This was especially true on the Benton County side of the river, with the town of White Bluffs only being a few miles to the south.
The island became part of an involuntary park when the Hanford Site was created under the Manhattan Project in the 1940s.
Residents were forced from the area so the federal government could construct the site, which was used to make nuclear weapons.
Much of the security buffer, including Locke Island, was placed in Hanford Reach National Monument in 2000 and continues to be closed to the public.
The island consists of alluvium that has been deposited by the Columbia River since the Pleistocene and overlies the Columbia River Basalt Group.
Much of this is eroded remains of the Ringold Formation, which was placed by the Columbia River between 9 and 3 million years ago.
The White Bluffs became destabilized by water from the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project entering the groundwater system and flowing toward the Columbia River.
This slump has narrowed the eastern passage of the Columbia as it flows around the island, increasing erosion of the middle section of the island.
In some locations, up to of the island's material on its eastern side has been removed by the river since 1996.
This erosion threatens the cultural artifacts left by millennia of human habitation before European settlement as well as salmon spawning sites downstream.
While this was once an important salmon habitat, no salmon were observed to be spawning around the island as recently as 1999.
Coyotes have limited the goose population in recent years so that numbers of successful nests have been kept to less than ten per year for several decades.
The coyote population on Locke Island is unique among other islands in the Hanford Reach in that coyotes reside on the island rather than just being visitors.
Flora on the island are similar to other regions of Eastern Washington and consist primarily of native grasses and short shrubs like sagebrush.
She joined the Chertanovo football club and trained at the club for more than ten years, Her first coach was Natalya Titkova.
Berezina made her debut for the Chertanova main team in the Russian Premier League on 18 April 2017 in a match against CSKA.
She was included in the starting lineup shortly afterwards on 30 April 2017 when Chertanova were playing the Ryazan-Airborne Forces club.
In total, she played six matches for Chertanovo in the major league, all in the first half of the 2017 season.
With her club, she became the finalist of the Russian Cup in 2017, scored a goal in the 1/8 final game against the Yaroslavl Youth Sports School-13 (18: 0), but did not play in the final match.
She twice did a double in the matches of the qualifying tournament of the European Youth Championship, against Belarus and Macedonia.
Mohammad Rezam Baskoro (born July 24, 1996) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as forward for Liga 1 club Persiraja Banda Aceh.
Uncle Sinner is a Canadian Gothic country/Death Gospel music group formed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, consisting of singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Michael Bodner.
The album continues to showcase Bodner's ability to adapt and transform old folk, blues, and gospel songs to suit his own gothic style.
Krismon Gustap Wombaibobo (born May 16, 1998) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays in Liga 2 with Badak Lampung as a midfielder.
The House of Burgundy was a cadet branch of the Capetian royal family that ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032 until 1361.
William Robert Grossmith, also known as Master Grossmith (1818–1899), was a 19th-century child actor, eldest son of William Grossmith, who then established a second career as a maker of prosthetic limbs.
Karina Habšudová and Daniela Hantuchová won the title, after Petra Mandula and Patricia Wartusch were forced to withdraw before the final.
Aloysius John Schneider (March 16, 1907 – March 2, 1983) was an American businessman from Wisconsin who founded the trucking company Schneider National in 1935.
In 1965, after the Packers had received a share of the Western Conference championship, Schneider greeted the Packers as a leader of the reception committee.
He managed the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame from 1970 to 1975 he served on the board from 1976 until his death in 1983.
The Rivière Simoncouche is a tributary of Kenogami Lake, flowing the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk (MRC Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality) and in the territory of the city of Saguenay (sector Kénogami), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The upper part of this river begins in the northwest part of the zec Mars-Moulin and the intermediate part (Lac aux Rats Musqués area, Lac des Îlets and Simoncouche Lake) crosses the northeast part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
This small valley is served by the route 175 (boulevard Talbot) and some secondary roads for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism and residents of this area.
The surface of the Simoncouche River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Simoncouche River flows into the bottom of Moncouche Bay (length: ) on the south shore of Kenogami Lake, at the entrance to Villa Marie Bay, in the sector of Kénogami, in the city of Saguenay.
The name Moncouche is often used to designate the neighboring bay, Villa Marie bay, at the bottom of which rises the Moncouche dike, a regulating structure for the waters of the lake.
From the confluence of the Simoncouche river with the Kenogami Lake, the current crosses this lake for towards the northeast until the barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on to the east, then the northeast and the course of the Saguenay River on eastwards to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
20 minutes from downtown Chicoutimi, at kilometer 217 of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC) operates the Simoncouche Teaching and Research Forest (FERS) over an area of 27 square kilometers.
This mission was entrusted to the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi which already used in 1981 the facilities of the Ministry of Recreation, Hunting and Fishing.
The FERS has several trails connecting the eight lakes in its territory, the most important of which are Lac des Îlets (170 ha), Simoncouche (87 ha) and du Dépôt (21 ha).
The FERS administers various forest management works and research activities take place throughout the territory: development of degraded forests, monitoring of the biodiversity of the territory, evaluation of the degradation of natural camping sites, impact of climate change on tree growth.
The main buildings on the site include: the main chalet (six bedrooms upstairs, two meeting rooms and kitchen on the ground floor); research pavilion, boathouse, chalet at Lac du Dépôt, Simoncouche beach, tent platforms in Simoncouche, Lac du Dépôt and Lac des Îlets, as well as several wilderness areas.
Professional from 1934 to 1947, Bailo won several Italian semi-classics and wore the Maglia Rosa for two days during the 1940 Giro d'Italia.
South Dakota Initiated Measure 26 is a 2020 voter initiative to legalize medical cannabis in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
The Simoncouche Lake is a fresh body of water crossed by the Simoncouche River on the watershed of the Saguenay River.
The Simoncouche Lake straddles the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, and that of the city of Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Lac Simoncouche is located in the northwestern part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, as well as in the Simoncouche teaching and research forest (FERS) of the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi.
This small valley is served by the route 170 (boulevard Talbot) and some secondary roads for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Lake Simoncouche is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is made in length by a widening of the Simoncouche River which crosses it towards the north; this lake has three parts formed by two narrowing.
This lake is mainly fed by the Simoncouche River (coming from the south) and by the outlet (coming from the east) from Lac du Dépôt and Lac Hautbois.
From the mouth of Lake Simoncouche, the current follows the course of the Simoncouche River consecutively over north to the confluence with Kenogami Lake; it crosses this lake for north-east to Portage-des-Roches dam; it follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on to the east, then the northeast and the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
These two toponymic names seem popular, as much for the river as the bay; the most commonly used designations have been formalized.
Abdulaziz Majrashi (; born 10 March 1996) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi Pro League side Al-Hazem on loan from Al-Ettifaq.
He made his senior debut and scored his first goal with the club during the league match against Al-Khaleej, on 8 April 2017.
He made 15 appearances and scored no goals in all competitions as Al-Batin were relegated at the end of the season.
Georg Goldberg (12 May 1830, Nürnberg - 25 July 1894, Munich) was a German copper and steel engraver of Jewish descent.
Allerthorpe is due to inherit a large estate on her 21st birthday, just days away, if she is found of sound mind.
Recently, there have been chilling tales of the ghost of Allerthorpe's deceased mother and worse; visions of a legend told to her in her childhood, the Black Thurrick.
The island consists of a dozen platforms that include greenhouses, a an art gallery, an art studio and a dance floor.
The album carries various songs by past and present artists who have been under Rising Production's various labels, including Da Pump, Lead, w-inds and Arisa Mizuki.
The Cyriac river valley is directly served by the route 175; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Cyriac River is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Enclosed between the mountains, this lake has two outlets: the Cyriac river (north side) and the Pikauba river (southeast side where a dam has been built).
The Cyriac river flows on the south shore of Lake Kénogami, facing Île Verte and facing Baie Voisine de l'Île à Jean-Guy.
From the confluence of the Cyriac river with Kenogami Lake, the current crosses this lake for northeast to the dam of Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi river on to the east, then the northeast and the course of the Saguenay river on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The name of the river was given in honor of Cyriac Buckell, German settler and trapper, installed on the banks, facing the mouth of this river at the time of the colonization of the territory.
Braden began racing when he was eight years old, competing in mini-wedges, quarter-midgets and Legends car racing, winning a Young Lions national points championship.
Braden made his ARCA Menards Series debut in 2015, and won his first start in the series, passing William Byron near the end of the race at Lucas Oil Raceway.
After running part-time for RFMS Racing in the 2017 ARCA Racing Series, the team and Braden agreed to a full-time slate in 2018.
Braden returned to RFMS for a second full-time ARCA season in 2019, and led the championship point standings early in the season.
He qualified 30th, the last car in on time trials, after qualifying with a rebuilt car after being wrecked by another competitor in practice.
In early 2020, Braden revealed that he would not contest another season in the ARCA Menards Series, instead using the year to move to Charlotte, North Carolina and focus on large super late model races and races in NASCAR's top three divisions.
Braden is a native of Wheeling, West Virginia, and attended West Virginia University where he double-majored in aerospace and mechanical engineering.
Not counting Watson's exhibition match, this marked the first time Rutter lost to Jennings (or any human opponent) in a tournament.
Including winnings from other game shows, Jennings's total of $5,223,414 now exceeds Rutter's total of $5,138,436, making him the biggest money winner for the first time since 2014.
The contestant with the most combined points from the two games won the match, and play continued until one of them had won three matches.
The first contestant to win three matches receives the title and a grand prize of $1 million; the others receive $250,000 each.
In addition to ABC, the tournament was broadcast in Canada on Yes TV and two of its partner stations, CHEK and NTV, all of which also carry the syndicated version.
The 2019 MBC Entertainment Awards presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), took place on December 29, 2019 at MBC Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul.
The first use of the Spur 1 designation was in Uvalde County, from US 90, 1.5 miles west of Uvalde, south to the US Fish Hatchery.
The next use of the Spur 1 designation was in El Paso County, from US 80A at or near Courchesne School to then-IH 10.
It runs from the intersection of Dowling Street (now Emancipation Avenue), Calhoun Street and Jefferson Street to US 90A with a concurrency with IH 45.
The first use of the Spur 5 designation was in Hays County, from US 81 west 0.2 mile to Burleson Street in Kyle as a replacement of a section of Loop 5.
The next use of the Spur 5 designation was in Chambers County, from FM 1406/SH 124 in Winnie north to IH 10.
Spur 10 was designated on September 29, 1994 from SH 36, 5.2 miles northwest of Rosenberg, southeast 4.8 miles to US 59/Spur 529.
The original Spur 16 was designated on March 31, 2005 in Eagle Pass from US 277 east 0.9 mile to US 57.
On July 26, 2012 Spur 16 was redesignated as Spur 216 and was reassigned to its current route in El Paso.
On July 6, 1951 Spur 18 was cancelled and became a portion of FM 1742 (later FM 107, now FM 1996).
It runs from Loop 19 (Sixth Street) via Main Street to the Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railroad Company's western right-of-way at 9th Street.
Spur 21 was designated on September 26, 1939 from SH 70 east of Spur along Sixth Street to Sixth Street and Burlington Avenue.
On May 19, 1942 the road was extended to SH 70 north of Spur and the route was changed to Loop 21.
Spur 22 was designated on August 30, 2001 on the current route as a replacement of US 77 when it was rerouted.
The original Spur 22 was designated on September 26, 1939 from US 380 south along Central Avenue to Mesquite Street and Central Avenue in Peacock.
Spur 24 was cancelled on October 24, 1944 when the sawmill it served shut down, but was restored on July 31, 1946.
A month later the road was extended to US 90 on the other side of Langtry and the route was changed to Loop 25.
Spur 26 was designated on May 25, 2006 on the current route as a replacement of a section of Business IH 35-M.
The original Spur 26 was designated on September 26, 1939 from US 62 (former SH 24, now US 62/US/82/SH 114) to Lorenzo as a replacement of SH 24 Spur.
On October 14, 1946 the road was extended north 2 miles to the Lorenzo Cemetery and the entire route was added to FM 378 but was still designated as Spur 26.
Spur 29 was designated on December 17, 2009 on the current route as a replacement of a portion of a local route.
This was formerly a section of SH 266, and was originally proposed to remain as SH 266 after it was redesignated.
Spur 29 was cancelled on June 13, 1958 and transferred to FM 1911, but the route was still signed as Spur 29 until 1959.
Spur 30 was designated on October 25, 1975 on the current route as a replacement of a section of US 66.
The original Spur 30 was designated on September 26, 1939 from SH 22 to Frost as a replacement of SH 22 Spur.
Spur 31 was designated on July 25, 1960 from then-US 83 (later Loop 374, now Business US 83) north to then-proposed US 83.
The original Spur 31 was designated on September 26, 1939 from SH 22 to Blooming Grove as a replacement of SH 22 Spur.
Spur 33 was designated on September 26, 1939 from SH 289 to Frisco (it initially connected SH 289 to SH 289) as a replacement of SH 24 Spur.
Spur 39 was designated on September 26, 1939 from SH 24 (the original description stated SH 27; this was corrected in 1943) to Klondike as a renumbering of SH 24 Spur.
The first use of the Spur 41 designation was in Wheeler County, from SH 152 to Old Mobeetie as a replacement of SH 152 Spur.
The next use of the Spur 41 designation was in Fort Bend County, from then-US 59 (now US 90A) to then-proposed US 59 near Sugar Land.
On December 16, 1948 a section from north of the Montopolis Bridge north to E 1st Street (former US 290) was added.
Spur 48 was cancelled on August 24, 1954 and returned to the city of Austin due to rerouting of US 183.
On May 31, 1957, it extended over part of Loop 50 and old SH 174 to new SH 174 and Loop 50 was cancelled.
On February 5, 1960 the road was rerouted along Renfro Street from IH 35W to then-new SH 174; the old route along Ellison Street and Johnson Street was removed altogether.
Spur 52 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 71 (later Loop 329, now Business SH 71) north along Milam Street to US 90 in Columbus as a replacement of SH 71 Spur.
The second use of the Spur 53 designation was in Bexar County, from IH 10 west to University of Texas at San Antonio.
Spur 54 was designated on November 30, 1961 from US 83 northeast to Spur 329 (now US 77) at Jefferson Avenue.
The next use of the Spur 55 designation was in Harris and Chambers counties, from SH 146 in Baytown east across Cedar Bayou to FM 1405.
Spur 56 was designated on July 30, 1965 from then-US 77 (later Loop 448, now US 77 Business) east to then-proposed US 77 (now US 77/IH 69E).
Spur 56 was cancelled on January 26, 1948 and became a portion of FM 308 (later Spur 314, now a local road).
Spur 57 was designated on August 28, 1991 on the current route as a replacement of a section of US 80 when it was rerouted on the current IH 20.
On December 30, 1960 the route was modified to run as a loop off US 75 and was changed to Loop 57.
The Spur 57 designation was restored on May 1, 1980 when a 0.3 mile section of Loop 57 was transferred to SH 105.
Spur 63 was designated on August 27, 1958 from SH 26 (now US 259) near the west side of Longview north across a Texas and Pacific Railroad rail line to US 80 near Tutt Street.
The original Spur 63 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 31 to the St. Louis Southwestern Railway of Texas rail line in Malakoff.
Spur 64 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 31 to the St. Louis Southwestern Railway of Texas rail line in Trinidad.
The original Spur 65 was designated on September 25, 1939 from US 175 to Baxter as a replacement of SH 40 Spur.
The first use of the Spur 66 designation was in Gregg County, from SH 26 to the northeast side of Kilgore as a replacement of SH 26 Loop.
On August 1, 1956 the road was extended through Kilgore to SH 26 on the other side of town and the route was changed to Loop 66.
The next use of the Spur 66 designation was in Bexar County, from SH 16 southeast 1.5 miles to Applewhite Road.
It runs from SH 75 (former US 75), 3 miles north of the Walker County line, northeast to IH 45 at South Connor Road.
The original Spur 67 was designated on September 25, 1939 from US 87 to Ackerly as a replacement of SH 9 Spur.
On October 24, 1941 the road was extended through Ackerly to US 87 east of town and the route was changed to Loop 67 (now FM 2002 and FM 2212).
Spur 68 was designated on January 18, 1955 as a replacement of Loop 68 when it was modified to run from US 96 to SH 62.
Spur 69 was designated on January 21, 1969 from IH 35 west along Airport Boulevard to Koenig Lane near a Southern Pacific rail line.
On January 31, 1972 the road was extended west 0.7 mile to Lamar Boulevard (then Loop 275) and was signed as RM 2222 rather than Spur 69.
On October 27, 1989 Spur 69 was cancelled and transferred to SH 169, but was transferred back to Spur 69 nine months later.
The original Spur 69 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 87 at Deweyville to the Sabine River as a replacement of SH 87 Spur.
Spur 71 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 29 (now US 183) to the grave site of James Fannin.
On May 5, 1966 a section was added to serve the La Bahia Mission area and the route was changed to Loop 71.
Spur 72 was designated on March 31, 1987 on the current route as a replacement of a section of FM 1271.
The first use of the Spur 72 designation was in San Patricio County, from US 181 near northwestern Sinton to SH 96 north of Chillipin Creek.
The next use of the Spur 72 designation was in Nueces County, from IH 37 west of Corpus Christi south to SH 9 (now Spur 407).
The original Spur 73 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 24 to Princeton as a replacement of SH 145, although it was proposed to stay SH 145.
It runs from IH 30 to US 82 at the entrance to the Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant near Victory City.
The original Spur 74 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 24 to Whiteface as a replacement of SH 24 Spur.
FM 135 became part of FM 97 on March 24, 1958, and this section of FM 97 became part of FM 378 on January 20, 1964.
Spur 78 was designated on September 25, 1939 from SH 166 (now SH 118) to the McDonald Observatory as a replacement of SH 166 Spur.
On May 18, 1944 sections to serve the town and a return connection to the spur were added, forming a loop, although the route was still designated as Spur 84.
On September 26, 1945 Spur 84 was cancelled and became a portion of FM 289 (now SH 15) and the reminder was changed to Loop 84.
Spur 85 was designated on December 18, 1939 from SH 21, 4 miles west of San Augustine, to the monument commemorating the spot where the first Presbyterian Church was established in Texas.
The original Spur 86 was designated on January 27, 1940 from SH 6 to the Administration Building of Texas A&M College (now Texas A&M University).
The original Spur 91 was designated on May 9, 1940 from US 59 to Fannin State Park as a replacement of SH 162.
Spur 92 was designated on May 9, 1940 from US 77 south of La Grange to the tomb of the men of the Mier expedition and Dawson massacre as a redesignation of SH 167.
On May 5, 1966 the road was adjusted to run from US 77 and FM 155 west to the park after a more direct route was constructed; the old route was cancelled and removed from the highway system.
Spur 93 was designated on March 24, 1993 from US 69/US 96/US 287 south of Beaumont, south 8.9 miles to FM 365.
Five months later the road was extended 2.6 miles south to SH 73, replacing a section of FM 823 (the remaining section of FM 823 was later cancelled entirely).
The original Spur 93 was designated on September 26, 1939 from SH 35 to Blessing as a replacement of SH 177.
Spur 94 was designated on May 9, 1940 from US 190 in Huntsville to Sam Houston's grave site as a replacement of SH 219.
It runs from SH 97 (former SH 112, later SH 200) to a monument commemorating the first shot fired in the Texas Revolution during the Battle of Gonzales.
Spur 96 was designated on May 9, 1940 from US 290 to Prairie View College as a redesignation of SH 244.
On October 15, 1946 the road was extended north to a county road and a loop around the campus with connections to Spur 96 was added.
Spur 96 was cancelled on July 9, 1951: the section from US 290 to the campus itself became a portion of FM 1098 and the remainder was renumbered as Loop 96 (which also became part of FM 1098 in 1953).
Spur 97, also known as the International Parkway, runs from the south entrance to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport south to SH 183.
The first use of the Spur 97 designation was in Cass County, from SH 77 to Marietta as a redesignation of SH 245.
The next use of the Spur 97 designation was in Harris County, from IH 610 and SH 225 to Lawndale Avenue in Houston.
Spur 97 was cancelled and redesignated as a portion of SH 225 when it was extended to US 59 in downtown Houston.
Spur 98 was designated on May 9, 1940 from SH 16 near the south end of the Guadalupe River Bridge at Kerrville to the then-new State Negro Sanitarium (now Kerrville State Hospital) as a redesignation of SH 248.
The first use of the Spur 99 designation was in Austin County, from SH 73 (now IH 10) via San Felipe to the Brazos River as a redesignation of SH 249.
The next use of the Spur 99 designation was in Cameron County, from SH 345 northwest 0.7 mile to Combes Street in San Benito.
The Gilbert River is accessible by route 175; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities .
The surface of the Gilbert River is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.
From the confluence of the Gilbert river with the Cyriac river, the current descends the latter on to the north, then the current crosses Lake Kénogami on northeasterly to barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi river on eastward, then northeasterly and course of the Saguenay river on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Lam Siu-Por (; born 28 March 1954) is a Hong Kong politician and the husband of Carrie Lam, the fourth Chief Executive of Hong Kong since 2017.
He earned his doctorate in algebraic topology from the University of Cambridge in 1983, after writing his thesis under the direction of Frank Adams.
This was seen as a silent act of support for Hong Kong's pro democracy movement and protest against China's disregard of Sino-British Joint Declaration.
Some editorials have compared Lam's behavior to August Landmesser's refusal to perform the Nazi salute with fellow workers during the reign of Nazi Germany.
The armistice of March 30, 1798 allowed Toussaint Louverture to settle the details of the retreat of the British army from Saint Domingue, before the triumphal entry of the black general and his army of ex-slaves into Port-au-Prince on May 16, 1792.
The aim of the armistice was the negotiations by which it was decided that the English would leave their last stronghold in the north of the country, Môle-Saint-Nicolas, on August 31, 1798.
Five months later, to the day, as planned, on August 31, 1798, the British abandoned Saint-Domingue to the victory of Toussaint Louverture, who must however turn to another front, to the south, where the former French general André Rigaud gathered an army of mulattoes with the help of French planters to fight it.
The armistice put an end to a war of liberation which left more than 10,000 dead and lasted four years: since the February 19, 1793, and the Treaty of Whitehall, the English took advantage of the lucrative taxation on the sugar plantations of Santo Domingo, while since the May 5, 1794 Toussaint Louverture had launched an offensive.
The armistice of March 30, 1798 was signed shortly after the arrival in early March 1798 of young general Thomas Maitland at the head of the British army, who was instructed to limit English losses, especially as the month of March 1798 saw a wave of desertions among black enlisted by the British troops, who lose more strong.
On June 13, 1799, Dr. Andrew Stevens, officially appointed consul general of the United States in April 1799, signed the tripartite commercial convention of 1799, establishing commercial relations between English, Americans and Haitians.
The arrival in Cuba of refugees from Saint Domingue after the armistice of March 30, 1798 saw many become privateers during the quasi-war, which gives a first boost to commercial traffic in Cuba as shown by the values produced by the port of Santiago de Cuba between 1797 and 1801, a part coming from the catches of the French corsairs attacking the American ships trading with Saint Domingue.
However, the armistice did not end the conflict within Saint Domingue, as André Rigaud would split with Louverture and initiate the War of Knives against him for control of the colony in June 1799 to July 1800, after which Rigaud fled to France and Louverture took command of the colony.
Louverture would further consolidate control of the entire island by conquering the Spanish-ruled Captaincy General of Santo Domingo in December 1800 and abolishing chattel slavery throughout the island.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
Cofidis stepped up to the World Tour this season after spending the last 10 years as a UCI Professional Continental team.
It has smooth bark, broadly lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and ribbed or wrinkled, shortened spherical or hemispherical fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are square in cross-section and leaves that are the same shade of green on both sides, elliptic to egg-shaped, and wide.
Adult leaves are broadly lance-shaped, the same shade of dull to slightly glossy green on both sides, and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The fruit is a woody, shortened spherical or hemispherical, ribbed or wrinkled capsule and wide with the valves protruding above the rim.
This eucalypt is found in scattered populated growing on shallow sand over granite between the Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.
The Normand river is a freshwater tributary of the Cyriac River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Normand River is accessible by route 175; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Normand River is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
From the confluence of the Normand river with the Cyriac river, the current descends the latter on to the north, then the current crosses Lake Kénogami on northeasterly to the dam of Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on eastward, then northeasterly and the course of Saguenay River on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Moirang Shayon refers to the nine incarnations of the Kanglei God Nongpok Ningthou and his divine consort Goddess Panthoibi in the erstwhile ancient kingdom of Moirang.
The incarnations are actually invoked by the great God Ibudhou Thangjing, who resides at the ancient Ebudhou Thangjing Temple, in Moirang kingdom.
Every incarnations are to be ended with either a tragedy or a departure, in order to continue, else the divine play has to be stopped.
Phouoibi, the goddess of Rice, Food and Harvest, was the daughter of the sky god Soraren, who sent her down to earth to prosper the human civilization.
Henjunaha, the hero was killed by the evil spirits in a Saturday night of Lamtaa month of Meitei calendar, after which his beloved Lairoulembi committed suicide.
Wanglen Pudinghanba and Chakpa Yainu Phishaheibi is one of the incarnation of the Lord and the divine lady in Moirang Shayon.
Nganba and Shangloulembi is the incarnation of the Lord and his divine lady, which occurred during the reign of the ruler Iwang Puriklai Ura Ngangoiba in ancient Moirang.
Wanglei Pudingheiba and Satpa Chanu Silheibi is the incarnation next to Khamba Thoibi incarnation, of the Lord and the Lady in Moirang Shayon.
Thir divine play ended because there was marriage of Khamba, the orphan prince from Khuman kingdom and Thoibi, the only princess of Moirang.
They gifted the people a graceful devotional dance Khamba Thoibi dance, which was first performed in the premise of the ancient Ibudhou Thangjing Temple.
The PuYa accounts the exact dates about the existence of the characters during the various reigns of different Kings in ancient Moirang.
The mountain has a steep north face, but the south slope is covered in scree which allows a nontechnical climbing ascent.
Precipitation runoff from Osceola Peak drains north into tributaries of the Similkameen River, or south into Eureka Creek, which is part of the Methow River drainage basin.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The North Cascades feature some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
Newspapers and news media in the United States traditionally endorse candidates for party nomination for President of the United States, prior to endorsing one of the ultimate nominees for President.
The 2020 División Profesional season (officially the Copa de Primera TIGO-Visión Banco 2020 for sponsorship reasons) is the 86th season of top-flight professional football in Paraguay.
Twelve teams will compete in the season: the top ten teams in the relegation table of the previous season, and two teams promoted from the División Intermedia.
The new teams will be 2019 División Intermedia champions Guaireña and runners-up 12 de Octubre, with the former competing in the top tier for the first time ever and the latter returning after a five-year absence.
Both teams will replace Deportivo Capiatá and Deportivo Santaní, who were relegated to the second tier after seven and two years, respectively.
Relegation is determined at the end of the season by computing an average of the number of points earned per game over the past three seasons.
The story is about Pullu Giri (Jayasurya), who gets yanked into the dark world of crime after a mishap involving a local baddie takes his mom's life.
A grown-up Giri is a devoted husband and father to a little girl and runs a business, but the crime scene of his home turf is in no mood to let him rest.
However, he gets dragged into the affairs of the local goons and gangs after an incident, post which a ‘give and take’ drama with new baddies ensues.
Actor Jayasurya and producer Vijay Babu of Friday Film House were planning to associate together for a number of films after collaborating for Aadu and Aadu 2 and this was announced as a major project in their line up.
The film was touted as a mass entertainer, it was announced to tell its story into several chapters, each named after the various stages of the pooram, such as Kodiyettam and Vedikettu.
When building the two tubes, a tunnel boring machine from the manufacturer Herrenknecht was used, with which up to 182 meters were driven per week.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 30 and UHF channel 24, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 LPTV Holdings, Inc.
The Jean-Boivin River is a freshwater tributary of the Cyriac River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province from Quebec, to Canada.
The Jean-Boivin River is accessible by the route 175; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Jean-Boivin River is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to the end of March.
From the confluence of the Jean-Boivin river with the Cyriac River, the current descends the latter on to the north, then the current crosses Kenogami Lake on northeasterly to the dam of Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi river on eastward, then northeasterly and the course of the Saguenay River on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Marc Angel is a Luxembourgish politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party.
Stasys Jakeliūnas is a Lithuanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union.
Charles Murray Shand Gardner DFC OBE (7 October 1913 – 2 July 2001) was a South African cricketer and Royal Air Force officer.
The movie was written by Jaron Summers based on his own novel and was released in the United States on June 1, 1989.
Soda Cracker, a veteran cop must unveil the mysterious murder of his former partner while fights against the mafia and corrupt policemen.
It features elements we have seen time and time again in cop related action flicks and unless you are a big Fred Williamson fan, I wouldn’t go out of my way to watch Soda Cracker.
Wrestling Star Wars , also billed as BTW Star Wars, WCCW Star Wars and WCWA Star Wars was a series of professional wrestling supercard shows promoted by the Dallas , Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) from 1981 until 1988.
From 1961 to 1981 the promotion was known as Big Time Wrestling (BTW) and World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) from 1986 until 1989.
WCCW held multiple Star Wars shows throughout the year, especially on or close to Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
None of the shows were broadcast live, but were instead taped for WCCW's weekly TV shows where several of the matches would air.
The 2019–20 Central Michigan Chippewas men's basketball team represents Central Michigan University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Chippewas, led by eighth-year head coach Keno Davis, play their home games at McGuirk Arena as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference.
They defeated Western Michigan in the first round of the MAC Tournament and Kent State to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to 18th ranked Buffalo.
Emil Radev is a Bulgarian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria.
Atidzhe Alieva-Veli is a Bulgarian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Movement for Rights and Freedoms.
He served as the head football coach at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1969 to 1973 andUrsinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania from 1982 to 1987, compiling a career college football coaching record of 38–56–2.
The Sphenophorini are an important tribe of weevils in the subfamily Dryophthorinae; however, BioLib places this taxon at the subtribe level.
During the peak period of African-American newspaper founding in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the African American population in Iowa was less than 20,000.
As a result, the number of such papers established in Iowa is much lower than in some neighboring states such as Illinois.
A hotspot of African American newspaper publishing in the early 20th century was Buxton, a coal-mining town that no longer exists.
György Hölvényi is a Hungarian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Christian Democratic People's Party.
Henry Arthur Knight (also known as Harry Knight, 29 August 1860 – 3 October 1935) was a New Zealand sheep farmer, racehorse owner, and local politician.
When the School of Agriculture of Canterbury University College opened at Lincoln on 19 July 1880, Knight was the first student to enrol.
In 1899, Knight was elected to the Board of Governors of his alma mater, by then called the Canterbury Agricultural College, and he remained a member until his death.
He lost the chairmanship when the Canterbury members of the House of Representatives had a tie when they elected their representative in December 1926.
The returning officer gave his casting vote to Knight's opponent, George Murray, and Knight temporarily lost his position on the board.
It was a large property and Knight grew the most wheat north of the Rakaia River; up to of his land were in wheat.
He started having success after 15 years and from 1915 until his death, it is estimated that his horses have won him NZ£76,000.
While with the Boston Globe in 2002, Dupont was awarded the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award by the Hockey Hall of Fame.
After giving birth to Dupont's older sister, the family moved to Bedford, Massachusetts where he was born on January 11, 1953.
He eventually left the Boston Herald American for the New York Times, where he covered the New York Islanders, New York Rangers, and New Jersey Devils until 1985.
Due to his successful journalism career with the Times, Dupont was hired full time with the Boston Globe as a beat writer.
His postdoctoral research was done at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and DIMACS at Rutgers University in 2012-2014, followed by a year at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications at the University of New Mexico.
At that point the conjecture had been open for nearly 30 years, having been posed by Noam Nisan and Mario Szegedy in 1992.
Baron Alexander von Tschugguel zu Tramin (), known in Austria as Alexander Tschugguel, (born 1993) is an Austrian far-right conservative and Traditionalist Catholic activist.
He has been active in the anti-abortion movement, critical of the international community's focus on climate change, and has campaigned against same-sex marriage in Austria.
Tschugguel is a founding member of The Reform Conservatives, a now-inactive Austrian conservative political party focused on abolishing the European Parliament.
In November 2019 Tschugguel received international attention for stealing statues, reportedly of Pachamama, that were on display inside the Church of Santa Maria in Traspontina as part of the Amazon Synod, and throwing them off of the Ponte Sant'Angelo into the river Tiber.
Tschugguel was born in 1993 in Vienna and is a member of the von Tschugguel family, an old Tyrolean family that are part of the Austrian nobility.
Tschugguel was married in 2019 in a wedding celebrated by Athanasius Schneider, the auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mary Most Holy in Astana.
He has worked with conservative politicians Ewald Stadler and Beatrix von Storch, as well as political activist Hedwig von Beverfoerde, to protest and campaign against abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and the inclusion of gender studies and sex education in schools in Germany and Austria.
In 2013 he helped Ewald Stadler found The Reform Conservatives, an Austrian conservative political party focused on reversing the Maastricht Treaty and abolishing the European Parliament.
On 21 October 2019 Tschugguel and an accomplice stole five statues, reportedly of the Inca fertility goddess Pachamama, from the Church of Santa Maria in Traspontina and threw them from the Ponte Sant'Angelo into the Tiber.
Tschugguel, who had removed the statues believing them to be a violation of the First Commandment, received support from various high ranking Church officials after the incident, including Bishop Anthanasius Schneider, Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke, and Cardinal Walter Brandmüller.
The institute is named for Saint Boniface who, according to tradition, cut down Donar's Oak and used the wood to build a church.
The protest was in response to the cathedral hosting the Life Ball, an LGBTQ-friendly annual charity event to raise money for HIV and AIDS awareness.
The 2020 Copa de la Superliga Argentina (named Copa de la Superliga YPF Infinia 2020 for sponsoring purposes) will be the second edition of the Copa de la Superliga Argentina, Argentina's football league cup competition open to all 24 participants in the Superliga Argentina for the 2019–20 season.
The semi-finals will be played as single-leg ties, with the zone winners hosting the matches, whilst the final will be played as a single match at a neutral ground.
In the final, 30 minutes of extra time will be played if both teams are tied, and if still tied at the end of extra time, the champions would be determined in a penalty shoot-out.
Unlike the previous season, in which only the league matches were considered for international tournaments qualification and relegation, in this season Copa de la Superliga first stage matches will also be taken into account.
Teams in each zone will play one another in a round-robin basis, with the top two teams of each zone advancing to the semi-finals.
Empire Racing Group (often just called Empire Racing) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the ARCA Menards Series, fielding the No.
Sean Corr made his first Truck starts at Daytona (which was a DNQ) and Talladega in 2013 as well as Pocono for the second straight year.
The team had other drivers in addition to Corr in 2014, with Jake Crum racing at Charlotte and dirt driver Cody Erickson attempting to qualify for Eldora.
After he failed to qualify to the race after just coming short in the last-chance qualifier, the team invited him back for a pavement start at Martinsville that October, which he did qualify for.
35, where the team leased owner points from Win-Tron Racing instead of fielding a separate truck of their own so Erickson could have a better chance of qualifying (which he successfully did).
With the team forming an alliance with Richard Petty Motorsports starting in 2016, they switched to run the famous Petty No.
Austin Hill returned to Empire at Daytona, where he did not qualify for the race, which had a large entry list of 43 trucks for just 32 spots.
The team entered a second truck for that race again this year, with the team bringing back their old number, the No.
The team has not attempted any more Truck Series races since then, as they have focused on expanding their ARCA team back up to three cars.
82 again for the rest of their attempts, which were at Texas, Talladega, Michigan, and both Pocono races again with Corr and New Jersey Motorsports Park with road course ringer Robert Mitten.
Corr started the 2012 season with a bang by winning the pole for the season opener at Daytona after Bobby Gerhart's time was disqualified.
Due to sponsorship, the team announced they had to cut back to part-time after four races, and they only ran the first race at Pocono for the remainder of that year.
The only other ARCA race Empire ran in 2014 was at Salem in September with Cody Erickson, who drove for the team at the Truck race at Eldora earlier in the year.
82, for Dylan Lupton, who was without a ride at the start of the season after driving in the Xfinity Series part-time the year before.
For the rest of the year, the team teamed with James Hylton Motorsports for additional races at Nashville, IRP, and Chicago with Dylan Martin as well as Sean Corr running Talladega and the first Pocono race for the first time in three years.
John Ferrier, who is from Middletown, New York (not far from Goshen, where the Corr family is from), joined the team and merged it with his own.
They had been trying to switch over their fleet of cars to Chevrolets since Richard Petty Motorsports had already switched from Ford to Chevrolet for their Cup team.
In some races, such as Pocono in June, the team had to run their Fords unbadged (in other words, with the Ford logo covered up) due to RPM's manufacturer change.
The team expanded back to three cars for Daytona for the first time since 2015, with the team entering the No.
ThePitLane.com reported in November 2019 that there were rumors Empire may be leaving ARCA for the NASCAR Xfinity Series starting in 2020.
44 car from the Nashville race in 2019 is for sale on RacingJunk.com, which ThePitLane claims has been on there for months.
Also, as per the Daytona entry list, John Ferrier appears to have restarted his own team this season instead of driving with Empire.
Spectacle Buttes are a pair of mountain summits located in the Entiat Mountains, a sub-range of the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington State.
Spectacle Buttes are situated 77 miles northeast of Seattle in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
With its impressive height, Spectacle Buttes can have snow in late-spring and early-fall, and can be very cold in the winter.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
Aayushi Dholakia is an Indian beauty queen, who was crowned as Miss Teen International 2019 on 19 December 2019 in New Delhi, India.
Aayushi competed in the Miss Teen India 2019 competition owned by Glamanand held at the JaiBagh Palace, Jaipur on 30 September 2019 where she was crowned Miss Teen International 2019 by outgoing queen, Ritika Khatnani.
Aayushi represented India in the Miss Teen International 2019 pageant held at the New Delhi, India where she was crowned Miss Teen International 2019 by outgoing queen Odalys Duarte of Mexico.
Competing against 20 other contestants from around the globe, Aayushi became the first Indian to win the Miss Teen International crown in the pageants 27-year history.
Gangs of Bihar is an upcoming Indian 2020 Hindi-language crime based love story film directed by Kumar Neeraj and produced by Mohd.
Z VIII was launched in Metz at the end of July 1914 as it spent many months in its hanger without gas and not being used.
Due to the critical global political situation at that time, the commander of Z VIII, Captain Andrée, finally was able to obtain the gas to fill the ship for operational readiness.
At the beginning of the war in early August 1914, the Zeppelin was able to fly reconnaissance and disruptive flights against the marching French troops.
On August 21, 1914, Z VIII received the same order as Z VII, reconnaissance and bombing of French troops that had entered the empire in Alsace.
The French managed to damage the airship's controls, causing it to float around uncontrollably, and the holes in the shell caused by the shelling led to the loss of the gas providing lift.
An attempt was made to burn the zeppelin, but the small amount of gas remaining in the cells could not be ignited.
A squadron of French cavalry attacked the ship's crew, who managed to get through to the German lines and report their reconnaissance results.
The wreck of LZ 23 was looted by French troops but this material fell back into German hands due to the advance of the German army.
On August 4, 1989 WCWA merged with Continental Wrestling Association (CWA) to become the United States Wrestling Alliance (USWA), which did not continue the Star Wars series.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home arena, the Dallas, Texas.
The January 1989 Star Wars was the only show in the series to be held in the Dallas Sportatorium, as they usually took place at the Reunion Arena in Dallas or the Fort Worth Convention Center in Ft. Worth, Texas.
The eight-match show also featured Eric Embry defeating long-time rival Gary Young and Iceman King Parsons defeating former tag team partner Brickhouse Brown.
No championships were defended and only the third match, a First Blood match between Jimmy Jack Funk and Super Black Ninja had a special stipulation.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in the Will Rogers Coliseum in Ft. Worth, Texas instead of the Reunion Arena where WCWA usually held their Star Wars shows in Ft. Worth.
The Star Wars shows generally consisted of eight or more matches, but records are unclear on the card for the last Star Wars.
In the first of two documented matches Eric Embry defended the WCWA World Light Heavyweight Championship against the 300+ pound Botswana Beast in a match where the weight limit for the championship had been waived.
In the second confirmed match of the night Kerry Von Erich and Jeff Jarrett won the WCWA World Tag Team Championship from Robert Fuller and Jimmy Golden in what could have been the main event of the show.
Bobbin Records was a St. Louis-based label founded by blues musician Little Milton and KATZ-AM disc jockey Bob Lyons in 1958.
Altogether Milton released seven singles on the label, including two that were released after Leonard Chess bout out Lyons and signed Milton and other artists on Bobbin to his Checker Records label.
The single did so well locally that King Records leased the recording from Bobbin and released it as a single the next month.
In Plain Sight: The Kaufman County Prosecutor Murders is a true crime account by American journalist and author Kathryn Casey of the 2013 murders of two prosecutors and a wife by a disgruntled justice of the peace.
The deadly crime spree the book covers began in January 2013 when attorney and Justice of the Peace Eric Williams shot and killed Kaufman County, Texas Assistant District Attorney Mark Hasse as he exited his car in the courthouse parking lot while his Kim Williams waited in the car for him.
Then, two months later, Williams, with his wife again in the car with him, drove to the home of District Attorney Mike McLelland, 63, and his wife Cynthia, 65, and shot them inside their house.
The motive for Williams, as testified to in court by his wife Kim, was his anger over a burglary, in which Williams had been arrested and convicted after being caught taking $600 worth of computer monitors from the county’s IT storage room, causing him to lose both his position as justice of the peace and his license to practice law.
The book describes Kaufman, a small, quiet Texas town where everyone knows each other, as being thrown into chaos when a county assistant district attorney is killed in broad daylight, then shortly after the district attorney and his wife are murdered as well.
The prosecution did not comment about Alvarez taking the book to court or whether they believed it was meant as a threat.
News accounts described the suspect, a purported gang member, as holding the copy of the book behind his back and appearing as if he were flashing the title toward prosecutors.
Ryan Bidounga (born 29 April 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for the club AS Nancy in the French Ligue 2.
Bidounga made his professional debut with Nancy in a 1-0 Coupe de la Ligue win over Caen on 13 August 2019.
Khanda museum is an upcoming museum located at Fatehgarh Sahib and its building would be constructed in shape of sikh religious symbol Khanda.
The 2019 KBS Entertainment Awards presented by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), took place on December 21, 2019 at KBS New Wing Open Hall in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul.
The mausoleum was located in today's Borgo district of Rome, between old Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican and the Mausoleum of Hadrian.
Its foundations have been discovered under the first north block of via della Conciliazione, which now includes the Auditorium Conciliazione and the Palazzo Pio.
While both monuments survived the great changes due to the construction of the old St. Peter's Basilica, the former was destroyed already during the Middle Ages, while the latter survived until the Renaissance age becoming an important element of Rome's topography.
In 1948–49, during the works for the construction of the first block of the north side of Via della Conciliazione, several semicircular stone blocks carved by a 8 cm deep groove accompanied by symjshkedKZGFOIGmetrical double dovetail recesses came to light.
They belonged either to the drain at the base of the monument, or to the plinth covering; in the latter case, the groove with dovetail recesses has to be interpreted as the interlocking of a balustrade.
Depending on the hypothesis, the terebinth had a diameter of 20 m (in the former case) or of 22 m (in the latter case).
Alexis Beka Beka (born 29 March 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Caen in the French Ligue 2.
Beka Beka made his professional debut with Caen in a 0-0 Ligue 2 tie with Clermont Foot on 20 December 2019.
They were erected by Heungseon Daewongun at more than 200 major transportation hubs across the country, including the four streets of Jongno.
When Emperor Gojong ascended the throne in 1863 at a young age, Daewongun sealed King Gojong's father, Lee Ha-eung and took power.
Daewongun tried to negotiate with France to keep Russia in check during his early years in office, but he quickly changed his policy stance to Sakoku after the outbreak of Byeonginyo in 1866 and an attempt to rob the king's tomb.
In particular, Daewongun established a policy of Sakoku that prohibited diplomatic relations and commerce with foreign countries to maintain order of the Joseon Dynasty in 1871.
In order to warn the people, in April 1871 in the central regions of Seoul and across the country stelae were set up by fire hydrants.
It was discovered in June 1915 when Bosingak was relocated and displayed in a gallery west of Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace.
As of December 2019 he has staged a solo school strike for the climate every Friday in Pushkin Square, Moscow, for more than 40 weeks.
He has inspired others across Russia to take part in school strike for the climate, including other single person pickets in Moscow.
In December 2019 he was jailed for six days, hours after returning from Madrid, Spain, where he spoke at the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25).
Turkmenistan had initially planned to participate in the inaugural contest in Eskişehir, Turkey, but withdrew a few days before the contest began.
Turkmenistan's participation in the contest was confirmed on 13 November 2014, six days before the contest began, by the contest's official website, turkvizyon.tv.
Turkmenistan peformed third in the semi-final on 19 November 2014, placing 15th in a field of 25 countries with 164 points, thus qualifying for the final.
Turkmenistan performed eighth in the final on 21 November 2014, placing 5th in a field of 15 countries with 192 points.
Each country was represented by one juror who gave each song, with the exception of their own country's song, between 1 and 10 points.
According to the data published by the Department of Films and Publications, under the Ministry of Information, on 28 August 2019, its circulation of 62,100 copies was the largest of the national dailies published from Chittagong.
During its first publish on first published on 10 February 1986, K G Mustafa, an acclaimed country baroness and recipient of Ekushey Padak, served as editor.
In 2007, Tasmil became the chairman of Purbokone Group and serves the daily as chief editor till his death in 2017.
Zheng Quanshui (; born March 1961) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as a professor and doctoral supervisor at Tsinghua University.
He holds a number of degrees starting with bachelor's degree in Industrial and civil buildings from Jiangxi Institute of Technology (now Nanchang University, 1982), then a master's degree in applied mathematics from Beijing University (1985), a master's degree in solid mechanics from Hunan University (1985), and a doctor's degree from Tsinghua University (1989).
From 1982 to 1993 he taught at Jiangxi Institute of Technology, becoming associate professor in 1987 and to full professor in 1992.
Akatarawa Forest is a regional park in the Upper Hutt within the Wellington Region at the southern tip of the North Island of New Zealand.
Activities include cycling, hunting, fishing and horse riding as well as 4WD-vehicle trips and trail biking including at the Karapoti Gorge.
On 1 November 1978, he established music company, Being with Keisuke Tsukimitsu (later known as a main producer of band Lindberg), composer Tetsuro Oda and lyricist Tomoko Aran and others.
In 1989, famous japanese rock duo B'z debuted under Vermillion Records and by their debut as the first Being artist, he maintained his position officially in the Being Office.
Music recording label Zain Records established special label in Kansai, Spoonful and Nagato debuted Miho Komatsu, however four months later the label was renamed into Amemura O-town Record and lasted until 1999.
In July 2013, tax investigations from the Tokyo and Osaka National Tax Offices pointed out about 2 billion yen was missed and 1 billion yen was hidden over the five years from 2007 to 2012.
In 2016, he returned back as an arranger, producer and writer to the project D-project which the letter D is initialed from his name.
Sir Samuel Hannay, 3rd Baronet (c. 1742-90), of Kirkdale, Kirkcudbright, and Philpot Lane, Fenchurch Street, London, was an English Member of Parliament for Camelford 5 July 1784 to 11 December 1790.
Per Thomas Håkansson (born October 19, 1957) is a Swedish and Canadian curler, a and two-time Swedish men's champion (1976, 1980).
His team won the 1976 Sweden men's championship, but it was decided that the team members were too young for the World Championship, so team Bengt Cederwall (skip) went to the instead.
His father Stig is a 1968 Swedish men's champion, his brother Lars-Erik is a 1971 Swedish champion, and his nephew (Lars-Erik's son) Patric Håkansson (Klaremo) played for Sweden in the .
On 2 Jan 1650, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, Archbishop of Fermo, and Giambattista Spínola (seniore), Archbishop of Acerenza e Matera, serving as co-consecrators.
He is also the Chairman, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) Kwara/Kogi Branch; Chairman, Manufacturers of Basic Metal, Iron, Steel & Fabricated.
Samuel Shepheard (c. 1648 - 4 January, 1719), of St Magnus-the-Martyr, and Bishopsgate Street, London, was an English Member of Parliament for Newport 8 January to 15 April 1701 and London 1705-1708.
Shepheard used his connections with Charles Montagu, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to gain royal approval of the establishment of the new corporation though the passage of the East India Company Act 1697 (9 Will.
Esmail was the son of Haj Mohammad Khan Jalayer Kalati from a former and renowned family of Khorasan but there are no accurate details about the dates of his birth and death or location of the interment.
Furthermore, just a few of his works have been written a date: one is a portrait of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in watercolor, dated 1862, others include a depiction of a scene from the Anglo-Persian War (1856) companions and those of the founders and luminaries of Sufi sects and dervishes.
He made his FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup debut in March 2017, made his first podium in January 2018 in Titisee-Neustadt, and has second place as his best result, from January 2018 in Sapporo, March 2018 in Rena and December 2019 in Vikersund.
He made his FIS Ski Jumping World Cup debut in December 2018 in Lillehammer, collecting his first World Cup points with a 22nd place.
He made his FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup debut in December 2018, made his first top-10 with a 5th place in September 2019 in Stams and won his first race on home ground in December 2019 in Vikersund.
Anna Manel·la or Anna Manel·la i Llinàs (June 1, 1950 – December 11, 2019) was a Spanish and Catalan sculptor and painter.
She attended Francesc Ferrer Private Elementary School before her secondary education at the Cor de Maria de Olot College of Nuns.
Desiring a new home to incorporate elements salvaged from the Bristol house, and to commemorate her ancestral connections with William Shakespeare, in 1904 she commissioned Edwin Lutyens to design a new house, named after New Place in Stratford-upon-Avon.
The house was complete by 1906, with the contract for completion signed in a week in May of that year when Lutyens finalised four contracts on the same day.
In 1908, Mrs Franklyn gave the house to her son, Henry Arden Franklyn, whose middle name recalled the family's Shakespearean connections through their descent from Shakespeare's mother, Mary Arden.
Of these, 26.7% spoke Ukrainian, 21.3% Bulgarian, 16.4% Moldovan or Romanian, 16.4% German, 9.6% Russian, 4.6% Yiddish, 3.9% Gagauz or Turkish, 0.4% Romani, 0.2% Armenian, 0.1% French, 0.1% Polish and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.
Randy John Suess (January 27, 1945 – December 10, 2019) was the co-founder of the CBBS bulletin board, the first bulletin board system (BBS) ever brought online.
Suess, along with partner Ward Christensen, whom he met when they were both members of the Chicago Area Computer Hobbyists’ Exchange, or CACHE, started development during a blizzard in Chicago, Illinois, and officially established CBBS four weeks later, on February 16, 1978.
Suess put together the hardware which supported CBBS, while Christensen built the software, which was automatically loaded whenever someone dialed in.
Suess also hosted CBBS, because his home in the Wrigleyville section of Chicago could be called without paying long-distance charges by anyone in Chicago.
By the time they retired the system in the 1980s, its single phone line had received more than half a million calls.
He was an active member of the Chicago FM Club, where he helped with maintenance on their extensive radio repeater systems.
SBI General Insurance is a joint venture general insurance company between State Bank of India (SBI), the largest state-owned banking and financial services company in India and Insurance Australia Group, a Sydney based multinational insurance company.
Its offerings include personal accident, home, health, travel and motor insurance in the retail space and aviation, marine, fire, liability insurance, engineering and construction in the commercial space.
The company sold a 4 per cent stake to Axis Asset Management Company (AMC) and Premji Invest for crore in September 2018.
For the 4th quarter of the year 2018-19, the company had reported 11.3 per cent increase in profit before tax at .
In 2016, SBI General was named as the best General Insurance Company in the award category 'Under-Served Market Penetration' & 'Commercial Lines Growth Leadership' at the 6th edition of Indian Insurance Awards.
In June 2016, SBI General was awarded the ET Best BFSI Brands 2016 Award in the general insurance category by The Economic Times.
While at AFC, he was loaned out to Norwegian club Elverum, first in the autumn of 2016 and later in the autumn of 2017.
First-tier club Kristiansund BK signed him in 2019, but after half a season with 9 league games and 4 cup games he was sold back to Sweden and GAIS.
Residents of the Ocean Club have to pay $7,000 a year in property taxes and a condo fee of $850 per month.
Danila Kumar International School is a school in Slovenia that caters to students from over 40 nationalities, ranging from 3 to 15 years of age.
Beyond the housing, fields and the Kleče Pumping Station () lie to the west, and to the east are more fields and the Sava River.
The 2019 DTM Zolder round is a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 18 and 19 May 2019.
– Drivers did not complete 75% of the race distance, and therefore are not classified as finishers in the official results.
Of these, 45.1% spoke Moldovan or Romanian, 14.1% Gagauz or Turkish, 10.8% Ukrainian, 9.5% Russian, 8.5% Yiddish, 7.6% Bulgarian, 2.9% German, 0.6% Polish, 0.4% Romani, 0.1% Greek, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Armenian as their native language.
They were powered by two Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers.
The ships carried two above-water twin sets of torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the forward gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.
Her torpedo tubes, minesweeping gear, and aft 12 cm gun were removed in exchange for two triple mounts for license-built Type 96 light AA guns and 60 depth charges.
The show tells the story of the extravagant Durrell family who, tired of the rainy and unhealthy English climate, move to the sun-drenched Greek island of Corfu.
The family consists of Gerry (young naturalist), his widowed mother (excellent cook), his eldest brother Larry (writer to be), another brother Leslie (mad about guns and boats) and sister Margo (who suffers of acne).
In Corfu, they experience a lot of adventures and befriend many interesting people, including Spìro, a taxi driver who lived many years in Chicago where he learned to speak broken English, and doctor Theodore Stephanides, a polymath who, just like Gerry, adores nature and helps him explore the island's varied wildlife.
It was intended that there should be at least three minutes of natural history footage for every half-hour episode, and twenty scorpions, ten praying mantises, three giant toads, a number of snakes, tortoises, terrapins, barn owls and pigeons trained to dance had been brought to Corfu, together with six hundred frozen mice, as food for the snakes.
At the end of July 1987, Gerald Durrell flew out to Corfu to be present for the last few days of the filming.
He gave invaluable advice to the production team at the scripting stage, demanding the power of veto over only one thing – the casting of his mother.
She picks up beautifully my mother's slightly flustered, not-quite-with-it-half-the-time air, and not knowing, if the family were squabbling, whose side to take.
None of the family's three villas proved to be suitable locations fifty years on, and substitutes had to be found (for the record, the Villa Fundana near Skripero stood in for the Strawberry-Pink Villa, the Curcumeli Villa at Afra was used for the interiors of the Daffodil-Yellow Villa and the Bogdanos Villa near Pyrghi for the exteriors, while the Snow-White Villa was impersonated by Kyriakis' House at Poulades).
Artur Antoni Dmochowski (born 13 June 1959 in Kraków) is a Polish journalist, historian, and diplomat; ambassador to Montenegro (since 2018).
He has been educated also at the University of Maryland (postgraduate studies in foreign policy) and, thanks to Fulbright grant, in 1995, he gained MA from the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, California.
He was representing Poland at the CSCE Peace Mission in Georgia (1994) and the OSCE Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996), among others.
He joined the state university of Saratov in 1920 to study hydrotechnology but the department was closed in 1924 and he moved to Leningrad to study Ixodid ticks in the Novgorod region that spread a piroplasma of cattle.
He described numerous ticks from the USSR in a monograph and worked on tick-borne encephalitis in Siberia around 1939 and while researching it he was himself infected and died from encephalitis, unable to complete his PhD thesis.
The gym features professional fighters who have competed in many major promotions, such as the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), Bellator and ONE Championship.
The duo hoped that having their own premises would allow them to focus more on their training but soon found the economics of running a gym was all-consuming and soon after transitioned to training professional fighters.
After both Adesanya and Volkanovski claimed UFC championships in 2019, Bareman and City Kickboxing were nominated as the Coach of the Year and the Gym of the Year, respectively, by MMAJunkie.com.
John Douglas Kilford (8 November 1938–2012) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leeds United and Notts County.
The event began in 2018 and raised money for West Sussex Coastal Mind, an independent, Worthing-based mental health charity, and the Allsorts Youth Project, which helps LGBTQ people aged 16 to 25 in Chichester, Horsham and Brighton.
The 2018 and 2019 parades began at the Burlington Hotel in West Worthing, moving into the town centre along the town's promenade, past Worthing Pier to the Beach House grounds near Splashpoint Swimming Pool.
Crowds of around 25,000 attended the 2019 celebrations including the parade, with 4,000 tickets sold for the main event in Beach House grounds.
Her theatre credits include Dead Letter Office, Some Company, (co-writer); Much Ado About Nothing, Dundee Rep Theatre (Ian Charleson Award) and The Ocean at the End of the Lane, The Royal National Theatre.
Marli was named as one of the 15th Screen International’s Stars of Tomorrow 2018 an annual talent showcase that spotlights up-and-coming British and Irish actors, writers, directors and producers from the UK and Ireland..
Of these, 66.3% spoke Moldovan or Romanian, 12.9% Yiddish, 11.4% Ukrainian, 6.7% Russian, 1.0% German, 0.7% Romani, 0.7% Polish, 0.1% Armenian, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Greek as their native language.
He achieved that rank while on active duty via unilateral service transfer, and received his commission via the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC).
The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to admiral, and may differ from the officer's entry in the U.S. Space Force register.
The year commissioned is taken to be the year the officer was commissioned which may precede the officer's actual date of commission by up to two years.
Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank, active-duty position held while serving at four-star rank, number of years of active-duty service at four-star rank (Yrs), year commissioned and source of commission, number of years in commission when promoted to four-star rank (YC), and other biographical notes.
In 2011, she gained admission into the University of Ghana where she studied Agricultural Science and majored in Post Harvest Technology.
Anthony Raymond Hogg (11 December 1929–2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Aston Villa, Mansfield Town and Peterborough United.
Born in Nairobi, Kenya, Versi started his education at the Aga Khan School, Mombasa, and read Political Science, Economics, and English at the University of Nairobi.
Cacsmy Brutus (20 November 1989 – 16 December 2019), known as Mama Cax, was an American-Haitian model and disabled rights activist.
She grew up in Haiti, and at age 14, she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma and lung cancer—doctors gave her three weeks to live.
She later said that it took several years to regain her confidence and that she hid her prosthetic leg for several years.
On September 15, 2016, Cax was invited to the White House to participate in a fashion show put on by Barack and Michelle Obama.
In 2017, Cax appeared in her first commercial advertisement, and soon signed with the modeling agency JAG Models in New York.
While in England in December 2019, Cax was admitted to Royal London Hospital, suffering from severe abdominal pains and blood clots in the lung; she died in the hospital on December 16, 2019.
David McLean Fraser (born 6 June 1937) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Hull City and Mansfield Town.
Kiladi is a 2000 Indian Kannada film written and produced by Sushama Films, directed by Om Sai Prakash with soundtrack composed by Sadhu Kokila.
Jaggesh, Archana and Mani Chandana in the lead roles alongside Mukhyamantri Chandru, Om Sai Prakash, Bank Janardhan, Sadhu Kokila, Tennis Krishna and Killer Venkatesh in the supporting roles.
The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala was a televised concert, lasting more than eight hours, that New York City's Metropolitan Opera staged on 22 October 1983 to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of its first performance.
A 230-minute selection of excerpts from the concert was first released in 1985 on a pair of Pioneer Artists Laserdiscs, subsequently appearing on a pair of Bel Canto Paramount Home Video VHS videocassettes in 1989 and on a Pioneer Classics DVD in 1998.
With the one hundredth anniversary of that occasion chancing to fall on a Saturday, the Met chose to commemorate its centenary with a two-part gala comprising a matinée at 2 p.m. and an evening session at 8 p.m..
Performing on a series of sets created by the most distinguished designers in the Met's history, they sang arias, duets and ensembles from an eclectic range of operas as well as a few items drawn from other genres.
The US television broadcast was supported by a grant from the Texaco Philanthropic Foundation, Inc., with supplementary help from the Charles E. Culpeper Foundation, Inc., and the National Endowment For the Arts.
Financial considerations, he wrote, had led the Metropolitan Opera to stage a concert which, including intermissions, ran for some eleven hours.
Every opera company needed singers who, although well schooled and competent, were more or less anonymous, but it was questionable whether such artists should figure prominently in what was a once-in-a-lifetime jamboree.
The Met's brisk stage management had not helped matters by hustling singers through their contributions without allowing the customary encores or floral tributes, or even more than a few ovations.
It was disappointing to spend a long time at an event such as this without finding oneself shedding a nostalgic tear.
The curtain rose to reveal twenty-five of the Met's most distinguished former luminaries seated at the back of the stage like jurors in a vocal competition.
Among them were Helen Jepson, Dorothy Kirsten, Zinka Milanov, Jarmila Novotná, Bidu Sayão, Eleanor Steber, Risë Stevens, Ferruccio Tagliavini, Cesare Valletti and Ramón Vinay.
It was worth the price of one's ticket just to watch the expressions on their faces as they listened to their successors singing in front of them.
Birgit Nilsson, in a voice that betrayed her sixty-five years yet was still something to marvel at, performed Isolde's Narrative and Curse.
One of her admirers was so overcome that an usher had to restrain him from invading the stage with a bouquet.
But neither of them was likely to linger in the memory as vividly as Horne putting her arms around Stevens, or Nilsson's simple melody from her homeland.
Collectors who enjoyed concerts of operatic excerpts sung by first class artists were sure to find Pioneer's release the most important issue of the year, and maybe even of the decade.
In the Performing Arts division of the Daytime Awards, the award for Outstanding Program Achievement was won by Michael Bronson and Clemente D'Alessio , and in the Outstanding Individual Achievement category, James Levine won the award for Music, Kirk Browning was nominated for the award for Directing and Jay David Saks won the award for Audio.
In the Outstanding Individual Achievement - Classical Music/Dance Programming category of the Primetime Awards, Kirk Browning was nominated for the award for Directing, and James Levine won the award for Performance..
Both the afternoon and evening segments of the gala were broadcast in their entirety live on PBS television on 22 October 1983.
All home media releases of the gala provide the same 230-minute selection of excerpts from it, with a 4:3 aspect ratio and NTSC colour.
In 1985, Pioneer Artists released this edition on a pair of CLV (constant linear velocity) Laserdiscs (catalogue number PA-84-095) with CD-quality digital stereo audio and an accompanying booklet.
In 1989, Bel Canto Paramount Home Video issued it on a pair of VHS videocassettes (catalogue number 2364) with stereo audio and with liner notes by Martin Mayer.
Pioneer's disc was accompanied by an eight page leaflet including four photographs and essays on the Met's history by Frank E. Taplin and Anthony A. Bliss, as well as notes on each item in the concert by Charles Rizzuto.
In 2009, Deutsche Grammophon supplanted Pioneer's DVD with a two-disc issue (catalogue number 00440-073-4538), one DVD being dedicated to the afternoon segment of the gala and one to its evening session.
DG's Region 0 DVDs offer both uncompressed PCM stereo audio and an ersatz 5.1-channel DTS surround sound upmix, with subtitles in Chinese, English, French, German, Spanish and - although only for items sung in that language - Italian.
Terence Ronald Vaughan (born 22 April 1938) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Cloroformo: Los peores golpes se dan abajo del ring, or simply Cloroformo is a Mexican sports boxing drama television series created by Gustavo Loza, and produced by Adicta Films for Televisa Networks.
The series consists of 13 episodes of one hour and is stars Álex Perea, Gustavo Sánchez Parra, Zuria Vega, Osvaldo Benavides, and Tenoch Huerta.
Although Televisa Deportes Network authorized the series for a second season, the production of the second season of the series was never done.
The Moscow FSB headquarters shooting took place on the evening of 19 December 2019 near the headquarters of Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) in the center of Moscow.
The attack took place on the eve of the , when President Putin was at a festive concert dedicated to this day, and the shooting also came hours after Putin's annual press conference.
According to preliminary data, the attacker was alone, and his name was Yevgeny Manyurov, 39, who was from a small town near Moscow.
Due to the inconsistency of the special services, the shooting continued after Manyurov was killed; this may have led to additional casualties.
Marc-André Barriault (born February 18, 1990) is a Canadian mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter who is currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship's (UFC) Middleweight division.
He moved to Quebec City, Quebec in 2011 for studies in which he earned a DEC in dietetics and two culinary diplomas at a currently unknown institute.
Barriault began competing in amateur mixed martial arts in 2012 under the tutelage of Sifu Patrick Marcil and finished with an amateur record of 4–3.
After going professional in 2014 he competed in smaller promotions earning himself a impressive record of 11–1, During this time he managed to capture 3 Championships in 2 different promotions(TKO Major League MMA, Hybrid Combat).
Returning to Middleweight Marc-André Barriault faced Andrew Sanchez in his promotional debut on May 4th, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 151.
In 2018, the club's athletes Michele Niggeler and Elia Dagani won gold at the 2018 World Fencing Championships (first time in history of Switzerland) and at the 2018 European Fencing Under 23 Championships, representing the club internationally.
Ateni gorge is a gorge in the valley of Tana River (sometimes also called Tana gorge) in northern spurs of Trialeti Range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains.
It is situated about 8 km south of the city of Gori in Shida Kartli region of the Republic of Georgia.
Among them Ateni Sioni Church of the 7th century, Ateni fortress of at least 10th century, and a small church of the 7th-9th century.
Of these, 39.1% spoke Moldovan or Romanian, 19.6% Ukrainian, 12.5% Bulgarian, 12.4% Russian, 7.3% Gagauz or Turkish, 4.8% Yiddish, 2.0% German, 0.7% Greek, 0.5% Romani, 0.3% Albanian, 0.2% Polish, 0.2% Turkmen, 0.1% Belarusian, 0.1% Czech, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Armenian as their native language.
Tuaina Taii Tualima (born 1 June 1997 in Auckland, NZ) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the Queensland Reds in Super Rugby.
Desagati refers to minor principality which was controlled by its head, Desai who was the protector of citizens, mediator of society and who also played the role of a judge, head of the army and tax collector.
Annarao Deshpande who was a Desai of Ingalagi in present day Bagalkot taluk included Ingalagi, Kesanur, Bhagavati, Mudapuji and Aanadinni under his desagati.
Glyn Jones (born 8 April 1936) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Rotherham United and Sheffield United.
Gool Mahomet (1865 – 21 May 1950), also known as Gul Muhammed, was an Afghan Cameleer from immigrated from Kabul, Afghanistan to Australia in 1887 (or possibly 1897) who worked in and around Central Australia.
Mahomet was born in a small village Smilekenerra near Kabul and he worked in Colombo, in Sri Lanka, to help pay for his passage to Australia.
The date that Mahomet immigrated to Australia is unsure, being recorded as both 1887 and 1897 and he initially arrived in Fremantle, Western Australia before moving, almost immediately, to Port Augusta and then Parachilna in South Australia.
Following this Mahomet worked in a number of jobs where dates are unsure, including time at Hergott Springs, Mt Morgan, (1905-1906), Wilgena Station and then, in 1907, to the Kalgoorlie Goldfields where he carted wood.
They were married in the Kalgoorlie Mosque by Secundah Khan on 18 March 1907 and his wife converted to Islam and changed her name to Miriam Bebe): this wedding was followed with a civil ceremony in Port Augusta on 17 August 1907.
This marriage attracted a lot of interest and onlookers were apparently confounded and dumbfounded by the match with many surmising that it was a 'business flirtation'.
It is unsure where the couple lived in the years immediately following their marriage but their son, Sallay Mahomet, was born in Coolgardie, Western Australia on 16 September 1911 and the couple would go on the have 5 more children, two more sons and three daughters.
In 1913 the family settled at Bummers Creek where they established a market garden at the Afghan settlement where they grew melons, vegetables and dates as well as providing water and wood to the gold miners.
The family continued to move around the country, travelling across the country by camel on a regular basis, including one trip from Perth to Broken Hill, a distance of almost 3000 kms, to visit a sick friend or relative.
From 1919 to 1934 Mahomet worked for Thomas Elder carrying supplies for his numerous properties until he leased Mulgaria Station, a 363 square mile property, in 1935 where, with motor vehicles taking over, he let his camels free to roam.
Miriam Bebe, Mahomet's wife, never lived at Mulgaria, preferring to stay in Farina and she died of a heart attack on 16 January 1939; she was only 58 years old.
In 1950 Mahomet decided to return to home and make a visit to Mecca a had booked his passage when he died, aged 85, on 21 May 1950.
There he studied organ with Clément Loret and piano with Charles Wilfrid de Bériot and was awarded organ, harmony, fugue and composition prizes.
In the fall of 1890, he continued his training at the Conservatoire de Paris in the classes of Eugène Gigout (organ) and Ernest Guiraud (composition).
Tributes to Lady Agnes, Herbert's widow, who died in 1937,and to Francis, their only son who died in 1965, were subsequently added.
The original inscription read 'In remembrance of Herbert and Gertrude Jekyll long time dwellers in their homes in Munstead who passed to their rest in the Autumn of 1932.
This was later updated to include reference to Herbert's widow; 'Also of Agnes Jekyll whose spirit ever dwelt in loving kindness'.
The headboard was also designed by Lutyens and consists of five, pegged, panels, showing the arms of the Royal Flying Corps and carrying details of McLaren's career as a member of parliament and as a 2nd lieutenant in the Corps.
An uç bey or uch bey () was the title given to semi-autonomous warrior chieftains during the Rise of the Ottoman Empire.
The most extreme examples known are the three planets around Kepler-51 which are all Jupiter-sized but with densities below 0.1 g/cm.
One hypothesis is that a super-puff has continuous outflows of dust to the top of its atmosphere - so the apparent surface is really dust at the top of the atmosphere.
Of these, 62.9% spoke Moldovan or Romanian, 19.5% Yiddish, 11.9% Russian, 1.9% Ukrainian, 1.3% Polish, 0.8% German, 0.7% Romani, 0.4% Bulgarian, 0.2% Armenian, 0.1% Greek and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 women's matches played between member sides from 1 July 2018 onwards.
Where more than one player won her first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
The species has a wide distribution from the west Indian Ocean, through tropical and subtropical Asia to eastern Australia and the Pacific.
He is the current Mayor of Asansol and Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) from West Bengal Legislative Assembly representing the Pandaveswar constituency.
Brian Roche (born 2000) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Championship club Bride Rovers and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
Ilse Kappelle (born 13 May 1998) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands, who plays as a defender and midfielder.
At the tournament, Kappelle scored two goals, and helped the team to a silver medal finish, losing in the final to Argentina.
In 2019, Kappelle made her second and final appearance for the Under–21 team at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Valencia, Spain.
In 2019, Kappelle was named in the Netherlands senior squad for the first time, and is set to make her debut in 2020.
At the 1996 Summer Paralympics he won bronze medals in the men's 100 m Breaststroke SB7 and men's 4x100 m Medley S7-10 events.
Shahid Karim (born 20 August 1964) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 7 November 2014.
He was part of the special court which heard the high treason case against Pervez Musharraf and one of the only two judges who convicted him for this crime and sentenced him to death.
He disagreed with Para 66 of the verdict in which presiding judge Waqar Ahmed Seth directed law enforcement agencies to find Musharraf's body in case he dies without experiencing the punishment of hanging till death and drag his body to D-Chowk of Islamabad and hang it there for three days.
While the team has never qualified to either the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup or the AFC U-16 Women's Championship, they have won both the Arab U-17 Women's Cup and the WAFF U-15 Girls Championship, in 2015 and 2019 respectively, becoming the first Lebanese national team to win a title.
She came to public view when after several advocacy for Omoyele Sowore to be released after the journalist was rearrested by the Department of State Services on charges of threat to National Security including treasonable felony, cyberstalking and money laundering in December 6, being earlier arrested in August 3, 2019.
She has led several protests and discourses over the detention of her husband by the Department of State Services including leading protesters to the United Nations Plaza in New York on September 24, 2019, advocating global intervention from Democracy Now and the US Senate into the release of Omoyele.
She is the Vice President, Head of Consumer Engagement at Teladoc Health having previously led as executive at American Express, Citigroup and Delta Air Lines.
She holds a BA from State University of New York at Binghamton in 1995 and an MBA from the Simon School of Business at the University of Rochester in 1997.
Philip Roscoe (born 3 March 1934) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Halifax Town.
She studied piano with composer August Schmid-Lindner (1870–1959) at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich from 1927 to 1936.
In 1963, a documentary film directed by Aito Mäkinen was produced in the Ateneum Museum of Speckner performing the music of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Jane K Hill Hon.FRES is British ecologist, and professor of ecology at the University of York; research includes the effects of climate change and habitat degradation on insects.
Hill did an undergraduate degree and masters at the University of Manchester and a PhD in insect ecology at Bangor University graduating in 1991.
As a postdoctoral researcher she researched the effects of climate on insects and metapopulation dynamics in butterflies at Liverpool John Moores University, the University of Leeds and Durham University.
In 2001 she moved to the University of York to be a lecturer, she became senior lecturer in 2006 and 2010 was made professor of ecology.
Hill has been Athena Swan champion in the School of Biology at York, her department was one of the first in the UK to receive the Athena Swan Gold Award in regconition of commitment to advancing the careers of women in higher education and research.
Hill carried out one of the first insect relocations, moving populations of Marbled white and Small skipper butterflies further north and east in the UK in 2000.
Her studies on insect migration, finding that butterflies and moths can fly hundred of meters in the air to take advantage of wind to speed them up, they can also make adjustments to their direction to travel more quickly to their destination.
Hill has done fieldwork in tropical ecosystems and found that oil palm plantations can act as a barrier to the movement of butterfies into and between rainforest areas, in particular the larger butterflies, shows the importance of having a network of connected habitat patches.
Her work on the effects of climate change on biodiversity has shown that moths on Mount Kinabalu in Borneo had got smaller and moved up the mountain between 1960s and 2000s, a range shift of over 60m.
Hill has highlighted that protected habitat areas to help maintain populations of rare species must be connected to aid migration and dispersal and should have the right climate envelopes for the species to survive future climate conditions.
Hill was awarded the Marsh Award for Conservation Biology in 2011 by the Marsh Christian Trust and the Zoological Society of London.
In 2015 she gave the Sir Julian Huxley Lecture at University College London and she gave the Stamford Raffles Lecture in 2016 at the Zoological Society of London.
She was made Honorary Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society in 2016 and is a Trustee of the British Ecological Society.
He was born in the 8th arrondissement of Paris to Suzanne Lang and Dr. Léon Zadoc-Kahn, Chief Medical Officer of the in Paris and president of the central committee of Keren haYesod France.
Around this time, he and his family had professional, educational and social connexions with well-known and to-be-famous people, such as physicists Paul Langevin and Satyendra Nath Bose, the latter who was on a two-year visit to Europe see photo (and whose knowledge of Hebrew impressed his family), socialite Philippe de Rothschild, racing driver , industrialist and racing driver André Dubonnet and film maker .
When World War II began, he was an established cardiologist and the chief doctor of the American Hospital of Paris, the focus of which had changed because of the war.
When the French forces were defeated by Nazi Germany in 1940, Zadoc-Kahn was in such despair that he took his own life by shooting himself.
In a note to his father, he said that he was unable to accept the disastrous situation for France which he'd experienced as an army physician.
Eugene Meyer, the U.S. financier and a second-cousin to him, had offered sanctuary to his father; however, the Zadoc-Kahns were so devastated by their son's death that they declined: they went into hiding in France, as did their daughter and her family.
But for now the Coyo bus departure schedule is not as busy as before because of the lack of passengers and lost to other modes of transportation such as trains or private vehicles.
This company is also almost collapsed because there are no family members in Indonesia who want to continue the business of the owner.
According to the owner himself who said why no one wanted to continue this business, because the passenger transportation business needed large capital but the benefits gained were small and capital was returned.
It deals with research and development on the management, operation, and maintenance of railways and training of personnel in the rail transportation industry.
The curriculum of the PRI was approved in February 2019 during a meeting between the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency after the groundbreaking of the Metro Manila Subway system.
The PRI's first set of personnel were trained in Japan, also through a grant of the Japanese government through batches within the period of July to December 2019.
The PRI is to be headed by an executive director which holds a rank of undersecretary and should have a relevant master's degree and experience in the transportation capacity development.
It is also planned that the institute will be an issuer of licenses for railway drivers and engineers in the Philippines.
Joseph Peter Clark (22 January 1938–2008) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crewe Alexandra, Doncaster Rovers, Mansfield Town and Stockport County.
The rivière aux Sables is a river of the city of Saguenay (city), in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
These are swept away by the current and the first to reach the finish line designates the winner of the race.
Of these, 77.9% spoke Moldovan or Romanian, 12.5% Yiddish, 5.7% Ukrainian, 2.7% Russian, 0.8% Romani, 0.3% Polish, 0.1% German, 0.1% Armenian and 0.1% Greek as their native language.
The 2019-20 Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey season was the 60th season of play for the program and the 3rd season in the Big Ten Conference.
Having started his youth career with the Cardiff Blues, he moved to Hartpury College and from there to the academy of Gloucester Rugby.
He scored two tries against Worcester during a 36–3 win in December 2019, and later the same month became the first 18 year-old to score a hat-trick of tries during a 33–26 loss to Northampton.
Rees-Zammit received his first call up to the senior Wales squad by coach Wayne Pivac on 15 January 2020 for the 2020 Six Nations Championship.
Kasu Iddone Basu is an Indian Kannada comedy film starring Jaggesh and his younger brother Komal opposite Radhika Chaudhari in the lead roles with an ensemble supporting cast including Doddanna, Bank Janardhan, Chitra Shenoy, A. R. Babu, Sridevi, Mandeep Roy and M. S. Karanth.
The film was originally slated for release on 7 August but was later postponded to 29 August due to a tussle between the producer and the exhibitors.
The 1990 European Grand Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place in December 1990 in Monte Carlo, Monaco.
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
Pairman was born the youngest of four in Broomieknowe, Lasswade in Scotland to Helen and John Pairman who was solicitor of the Supreme Courts of Scotland.
She graduated with an MA in 1917 with first class honors in mathematics and natural philosophy, after which she was awarded a three-year Vans Dunlop scholarship, which permitted her to continue her studies at any university.
She became a graduate student at the University of Edinburgh before moving to Karl Pearson's lab at University College London in 1918.
Pairman arrived in New York on 12 October 1919 and went on to Cambridge, Massachusetts to study at Radcliffe College, a all-women's college closely associated with the all-male Harvard College.
When she received her doctorate she was only the third woman to be awarded a PhD in mathematics from Radcliffe College.
The couple moved to Hanover, N.H. in 1922 so Bancroft could assume a teaching position at Dartmouth College, which, at the time, was a men’s school with an all-male faculty but occasionally admitting women as graduate students.
About 1950, Pairman started focusing on teaching mathematics to blind students, learning Braille and learning how to make diagrams using her sewing machine and other household items.
So she rounded up all kinds of household implements like pinking shears and pastry wheels and such and created diagrams that could be felt with the fingers, like the Braille symbols.
She put a piece of Braille paper under the foot and proceeded to reproduce the symbols by guiding the paper under the needle.
In about 1959, the Hanover Gazette published an article about her saying that Pairman was in the process of transcribing two mathematical texts, one was for a freshman student at Boston College, and another, a reference book on group theory, destined for a post-graduate course at Columbia University in New York.
The article went on to say that she was in regular discussions with Dartmouth math freshmen three hours each week and that apparently, by the end of the spring term, she had taken over the course instruction.
On 10 August 1922, Pairman married Bancroft Huntington Brown (1894-1974) at Roselea, the Pairman home in Broomieknowe, Scotland and afterwards assumed the name Eleanor P. Brown, becoming widely known as Nora Brown.
Pairman passed away after a long battle with breast cancer on 14 September 1973, at the age of 77, in White River Junction, Vermont.
Of these, 63.2% spoke Moldovan or Romanian, 16.0% Ukrainian, 14.2% Yiddish, 4.8% Russian, 0.8% Polish, 0.5% German, 0.2% Romani and 0.1% Armenian as their native language.
It is a sedan based on the third generation Hyundai i10 (Hyundai Grand i10 Nios in India), and was designed primarily for the Indian market.
It is the successor the Hyundai Xcent, a different nameplate is used as the Xcent continued in production mainly for fleet and commercial customers.
Regarding the rear end, the Hyundai Aura is available with a 402-litre boot which is a big leap from Hyundai Grand i10 Nios’s 260-litre cargo space.
Concerrning the features, Hyundai Aura spots an 8.0-inch touchscreen infotainment with Android Auto system and Apple Carplay compatibility, a Arkamys music system and a half-digital instrument cluster.
Aside from these engines brought from the Nios, there will be a 1.0-litre turbocharged GDI petrol unit which can generate 100PS of peak power.
Both the 1.2-litre diesel and petrol engine will be paired with either a 5-speed manual gearbox or an automated manual gearbox.
The petite rivière Jean-Boivin is a freshwater tributary of the Jean-Boivin River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the small Jean-Boivin river is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to the end of March.
The third seeds Jack Crawford and Vivian McGrath defeated the defending champions Pat Hughes and Fred Perry 6–4, 8–6, 6–2 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1935 Australian Championships.
The Englishmen went off with a three-love lead in the second set and later they held three set points when leading 5-2.
Crawford and McGrath saved it, won the next three games and – after Perry evened the games again – they took advantage off Hughes' double fault in the 13th to close this set winning the 14th to love.
In the last three games of the mostly one-sided third set Australian pair lost only four points and sealed their victory with an ace.
Because of the rain no matches were played the next day and this rubber was concluded three days later on Monday, 7 January.
The same day, in the quarterfinals, another match was not completed in which previous year finalists and the second seeds Quist and Turnbull trailed the Frenchmen Boussus and Brugnon two sets.
Laura Vetterlein (born 7 April 1992) is a German footballer, who plays as a defender for West Ham United of the FA WSL in England.
She joined SV Nollingen's youth system when she was five years old and got a special permit from the German Football Association to keep playing in boys' youth teams until she was 16.
FC Saarbrücken who had just been relegated from the Frauen-Bundesliga and were looking to give younger players a chance in their team.
Wolfsburg won the UEFA Women's Champions League in consecutive seasons, but Vetterlein was an unused substitute in both the 2013 and 2014 finals.
When her contract was not renewed she agreed a free transfer to SC Sand in May 2015, alongside Wolfsburg teammate Jovana Damnjanović.
Between April 2007 and February 2012 Vetterlein played 31 matches for Germany's youth international teams, ranging from under-15 to under-20 level.
Abu'l-Fath al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat (died 938), also called with the matronymic Ibn Hinzaba, was a member of the bureaucratic Banu'l-Furat dynasty from Iraq, who served twice as vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Abu'l-Fath al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat was the scion of a bureaucratic dynasty, the Banu'l-Furat, that had occupied senior posts in the fiscal bureaucracy of the Abbasid Caliphate at Baghdad since the reign of Caliph al-Mu'tadid () and had gone on to become one of the two major factions within the Abbasid administrative elite in the first decades of the 10th century.
Fadl's father, Abu'l-Khattab Ja'far, was head of the land department for the East and West from 908 until his death in 909/10, while his uncle was the famous Abu'l-Hasan Ali, who served three times as vizier to Caliph al-Muqtadir.
He was appointed as deputy head of the same department during the first vizierate of Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah, who would emerge as his uncle's greatest opponent and the leader of the rival Banu'l-Jarrah faction.
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat and his son al-Muhassin were executed in 924 as a result of the unrestrained persecution of their political rivals, after which Fadl became the most senior member of his family.
It was Ibn al-Jarrah who brought Fadl back into government as head of the land department for the East in 927.
When Ibn al-Jarrah was disgraced following the Qarmatian invasion of 927, Fadl was one of the chief candidates to succeed him, along with Ibn Muqla and al-Nayramani.
In 931, the support of the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar—another formerly staunch opponent of his uncle—secured for him the land department of the Sawad, before returning to the land department of the East in 931–932 under the vizier al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim, who employed several ministers from the faction of Abu'l-Khattab Ja'far.
Eventually Fadl himself was appointed vizier in May 932, after the previous incumbent al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim, had been deposed due to his inability to manage the dismal finances.
Fadl himself had been instrumental in disclosing that Ibn al-Qasim had only managed to balance the budget with revenue that was no longer available, thus precipitating his downfall.
The refugees fleeing both often rioted in Baghdad, and even attacked the vizier in his own residence; Fadl only escaped death by leaping into his barge and rowing away.
At the same time, Upper Mesopotamia was in the hands of Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, now hostile to the Caliph, while much of southern Iraq was being controlled or raided by the Qarmatians.
Harun ibn Gharib and Fadl encouraged al-Muqtadir to reconcile with Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, and invite the latter back to Baghdad, against the counsel of Muhammad ibn Yaqut and the sons of Ra'iq, who remained utterly opposed to Mu'nis.
It was not until the caliphate of al-Radi () that Fadl again occupied high office, being appointed inspector of Egypt and Syria.
His son Ja'far became vizier of the Ikhshidid dynasty of Egypt, remaining in office from 946 until the Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969.
In recognition for the foundation's activities in Poland, Forbes placed the platform on the Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe in 2016 and on the Forbes 30 Under 30 Poland in 2018.
Zwolnieni z Teorii was established in 2013 as a response to growing problem of lack of competence of young people entering job market.
As its goal, the foundation established limiting the entry barriers for the young people when they graduate from school and want to enter the job market.
While participating in the program, participants are required to train these skills, planning and executing their own ideas as social projects.
Projects done within a programme must focus on helping others and participants are encouraged to act for the benefits of others.
This is done to address the low civic participation rate of Polish society, as an EU Eurobarometer survey from 2011 shows that only 16% of Poles aged 15-30 are active volunteers.
Zwolnieni z Teorii cooperated with Project Management Institute and created a platform that grants its users access to practical information in the field of project management and related activities that enable effective action to solve the selected social problem.
During the school year, young people find the social problem they want to solve or raise awareness to and a mentor appointed by the foundation helps them successfully execute their project.
The goal behind the platform is to teach its users project management and other skills that may help them succeed in the future.
After the completion of the project implemented, participants obtain international business certificates, signed, among others by The Coca-Cola Company, Google or Y Combinator.
Since the inception of the programme, more than 60,000 people took part in it and their actions reached over 40 million beneficiaries (8 million in 2019 alone).
In 2018, the foundation with cooperation from Google launched a programme aimed to the polish teachers with the aim to promote self-improvement and specialization among the polish teachers.
As part of the programme, its members are able to benefit from the support of business experts, materials for lessons or training.
During the 2019 polish national teachers strike, the board of the foundation donated 108 000 PLN to the strike fund as a gesture of support toward the striking teachers.
Ranking, prepared in cooperation with Rzeczpospolita, one of Polands biggest newspapers, features Lyceums and Technikums whose students helped the most beneficiaries in the last school year.
In 2019 more than 100 schools all around Poland were awarded for their readiness to help student execute their own social project.
Top 30 Headmasters were invited to take part in the 5th edition of the Grand Finale to receive their awards from the hands of US Ambassador to Poland - HE Georgette Mosbacher.
For introducing this method to hundreds of thousands young people they were recognised by MIT Technology Review as Social Innovator of the Year in 2016.
Between 2015 and 2019 Forbes placed the foundation on the Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe and on the Forbes 30 Under 30 Poland.
In the hands of Lo Sien Tong (better known as Mr. Tong) and Kereen Indrawati, which were originally with 2nd Ford fleet, the fleet continues to grow to 8 units, all of which are still Ford.
The developing routes are Cirebon - Surabaya - Malang, Tegal - Kepanjen, Jakarta - Pekalongan, Jakarta - Semarang, Jakarta - Solo, Jakarta - Jogja, and Bogor - Klaten.
Not only the Otobus Company, EZRI also has another business, namely batik printing characteristic of Pekalongan such as long cloth (jarit), sarong, baby scarf with various motifs, bright colors and excellent quality.
The matic in the Morodadi Prima Carroseries bodybuilding has been sold to Tunggal Daya (tourism coach), the rest which have Adiputro's body are sold to Shantika bus company.
It is a matter of pride for the citizens of the City of Batik Pekalongan that made the number 1 choice bus at that time.
Disbanded in the sense that PO Colby Persada only focuses on tourism coaches in Bandung while PO EZRI is still faithfully serving the Intercity buses until now.
The Cirebon - Surabaya - Malang route still operates with a total fleet of approximately 13 bus fleets from the oldest coller and the new one, Hino RK-8.
Ticket purchases can be made at the EZRI Bus Agent in the Cirebon, Pekalongan, Tegal, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Klaten, Malang, Surabaya, Pulo Gadung, Rawa Buaya.
Not only in Intercity bus es, PO EZRI also survived by spreading its wings on the rental of tourism bus services.
Of these, 53.2% spoke Ukrainian, 23.8% Moldovan or Romanian, 15.6% Yiddish, 5.8% Russian, 0.7% Polish, 0.5% Belarusian and 0.2% German as their native language.
The Pikauba River and Pikauba Lake have enjoyed a considerable reputation among hunters and fishermen since the end of the 19th century.
The surface of the Pikauba River is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.
Bordered by steep mountains, its narrow course is dotted with rapids and has several falls; it widens downstream, rich in the waters of its drainage basin which includes the Apica, Écorces, Pika and Petite Pikauba rivers.
The Pikauba River originates at the dike at the southeast mouth of Pikauba Lake which has another outlet, the Cyriac River; this other mouth is located at the bottom of a bay on the north shore.
This lake has a narrowing generating a strait of a hundred meters in width demarcating the northern part of the lake.
The Pikauba River flows into a bay on the south shore of Kenogami Lake, west of Pointe Finnigan which is attached to the south shore of the lake.
From the confluence of the Pikauba river with the Kenogami Lake, the current crosses this lake for towards the northeast until the dam of Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on to the east, then the northeast and the course of the Saguenay River on eastwards to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The WCT Uiseong International Curling Cup is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, held at the Uiseong Curling Club in Uiseong, South Korea.
It was originally constructed to commemorate the men of the town killed during the First World War, particularly those serving with the local regiments, the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.
Photographs of the war memorial in the aftermath became emblematic of this stage of The Troubles and the site was visited shortly afterwards by British prime minister Margaret Thatcher for a rescheduled remembrance ceremony.
The memorial was built by Gaffin & Co., whose showroom, the Carrara Marble and Granite Works, was at 63 Regent Street in London.
The main figure is of a British First World War soldier, in peaked cap with a rifle, resting on arms reversed.
The artist could not find a suitable photograph to work from so based the soldier on a painting by William Gibbes Mackenzie displayed at Belfast City Hall, which shows Thomas McNeilly of the Royal Irish Rifles standing at the temporary cenotaph erected in Belfast for the city's Peace Day commemoration on 9 August 1919.
The plinth also showed the names, ranks, decorations and regiments of 612 local men killed in the war and a coat of arms featuring Enniskillen Castle, which is associated with the local 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers regiments.
The stepped base has a bronze depiction of a crossed sword and rifle, reflecting the roles of the two regiments (cavalry and infantry).
The monument was unveiled by the last Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Edmund FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent on 24 October 1922.
At the unveiling wreaths were laid by Catholic and Protestant war orphans and an honour guard was provided by the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, the Lincolnshire Regiment and the Royal Horse Artillery.
British war memorials in Ireland had been targeted by Republicans during The Troubles, being seen as symbols of the British Army.
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) carried out a bombing at the County Fermanagh War Memorial during a Remembrance Sunday ceremony on 8 November 1987.
This killed 11 civilians attending the ceremony and injured 63 others, one of those injured never regained consciousness and died of his injuries on December 2000.
The death toll from this bombing, and news of a second, larger bomb planned to explode the same day at a ceremony in Tullyhommon, shocked many people and led to a loss of support for the IRA in the Republic of Ireland.
In response to the bombing the British prime minister Margaret Thatcher attended a rescheduled remembrance ceremony at the war memorial on 22 November.
The bombing had the effect of increasing attendance at remembrance ceremonies across Ireland and led to the Royal British Legion resuming sales of remembrance poppies in the Republic of Ireland.
The additional section contains depictions of 11 doves (each a unique sculpt) to commemorate those killed in the 1987 bombing and their names were also added to the memorial.
The central section of the plinth was also painted dark red around this time (photographs from 1987 show it as natural stone).
In 2012 the Irish Taoiseach Enda Kenny visited the memorial on Remembrance Sunday to lay a green laurel wreath on behalf of the Irish government.
A separate memorial to the 12 people whose deaths were caused by the 1987 bombing was unveiled on 8 November 2017 (the 30th anniversary of the event).
it was initially sited on land owned by the Catholic Church's St Michael's Diocesan Trust but was removed within hours as the church had not granted its permission.
In 2019 it was announced that the memorial would be installed at The Clinton Centre, which stands on the site of a building destroyed by the bombing.
The 2020 Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race (Elite Men) is a road cycling one-day race that will take place on 2 February 2020 in Geelong, Australia.
It will be the sixth edition of the Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race and the second event of the 2020 UCI World Tour.
Fifteen of the nineteen UCI WorldTeams the entered the race and were accompanied by the Australian National Team (Kordamentha Australian National Team).
the Russian Federation, Ukraine, the United States, the European Union, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) support the ongoing negotiations to resolve the dispute between Moldova and Transnistria.
The 2020 New England Revolution season is the team's 25th season of existence, and their 25th season in Major League Soccer, the top-flight of American soccer.
Due to their final standings for the 2019 season, the Revolution will enter the competition in the Fourth Round, to be played May 19-20.
She became a member of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in 1983 and was a member of the Historical Astronomy Division (HAD) of the AAS and chair of the AAS International Relations Committee.
She joined the US Department of State in 2004 and became a Foreign Service Officer in several countries, including Russia, Romania, Kazakhstan.
Over the three years that the tournament has been held, there has been teams from 14 different countries that have participated: Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland and United States.
The King's Cup was a series of invitational snooker tournaments staged in Bangkok, Thailand between 1991 and 1994, and was an event made for television in Thailand and held in the studios of their Channel 9 station just before Christmas.
Sixteen players were invited, mostly Asian, and they were split into four groups of three with four players exempted until the quarter finals where they joined the group winners.
REFA, the Association for Work Design, Business Organization and Business Development is Germany's oldest organization for work design, business organization and business development.
Joanna Elizabeth Killian (born June 1965) is a local government official, who has been Chief Executive of Surrey County Council since March 2018.
A graduate of Keele University, she was Chief Executive of Essex County Council from 2006 to 2015, and worked at KPMG prior to being appointed Chief Executive of Surrey County Council.
He played 18 league games in the 1994 1. divisjon, but had to wait four months of the 1995 Tippeligaen before making his first-tier debut.
Together with Dag Petter Breivik and Bjørn Tore Hansen he was axed from the squad in 1996, first loaned out to Mjøndalen, then going back to Kvik Halden.
The 1954 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1954 college football season.
In their 10th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8–1 record, including a victory over in the Orange Blossom Classic.
In early 1531, Richard Roose (also Richard Rouse, Richard Cooke) was accused of poisoning members of the household of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester for which he was subsequently boiled alive.
Although nothing is known of Roose or his life outside of the case, he is believed to have been Fisher's household cook—or, less likely, a friend of the cook—at Lambeth Palace.
He was accused of adding a white powder to some porridge (or similar foodstuff) which was eaten by Fisher's dining guests and those begging food at his kitchen door; two people died.
Roose claimed that he had been given the powder to add to the food by a stranger, and claimed it was intended to be a joke—he thought he was incapacitating his fellow servants rather than killing anyone, he said.
King Henry VIII—who already had a morbid fear of poisoning—personally addressed the House of Lords on the case and was probably responsible for an act of parliament which attainted Roose and retroactively made murder by poison a treasonous offence mandating execution by boiling.
Fisher was already unpopular with the King, as Henry wished to divorce his wife, Katherine of Aragon, and marry Anne Boleyn, which the Church would not allow.
Fisher was vociferous in his defence of Katherine, and contemporaries rumoured that the poisoning at Lambeth was the responsibility of the Boleyn family, with or without the knowledge of the King.
There appears to have been at least one other attempt on Fisher's life when a cannon was fired towards the episcopal palace from the direction of Anne's father's house in London; on this occasion, no-one was hurt, but much damage was done to the roof and slates.
Fisher himself was executed by the King for his opposition to the Royal Supremacy, and Henry eventually married Anne and broke with the Catholic Church.
Henry died in 1547 and his poisoning act did not long outlive him, being repealed almost immediately by his son Edward VI.
It is considered by many historians to be a watershed in the history of attainder, which traditionally acted as a corollary to common law rather than replacing it, and was a direct precursor to the great treason attainders that were to underpin the Tudors'—and particularly Henry's—destruction of their political and religious enemies.
Parliament had been sitting since 3 November 1529 was still ongoing and had already passed a number of small, but significant acts, both against perceived social ills—such as vagabondage and the church—for example, restricting the right of sanctuary.
The ambassador from the Holy Roman Empire, Eustace Chapuys wrote to his master, the Emperor Charles V, that Fisher was unpopular with the King prior to the deaths, and reported that parties unnamed but close to the king had threatened to throw Fisher and his followers into the River Thames if he continued his opposition.
Attempts had been made to persuade Fisher by force of argument—the most recent had been the previous June in a disputation between Fisher and John Stokesley, Bishop of London—but, in so far as dispute resolution went, nothing had come of it.
It is possible that Roose was a friend of Fisher's cook although modern scholarship has settled for his being the cook himself.
Cases of deliberate, fatal poisoning were relatively rare in England—known more by reputation than experience—particularly when compared with traditionally high-profile felonies such as rape and burglary.
In the early afternoon of 18 February 1531 Bishop Fisher and a number of guests were dining together at his house—the episcopal palace—in Lambeth Marsh.
Fisher, who had not partaken of the dish, survived, but about 17 people were violently ill, including members of his dining party that night and the poor who regularly came to beg charity.
Hall relates the story of the buttery, suggesting that this acquaintance had despatched Roose to fetch him more drink and while he was out of the room, poisoned the pottage.
Chapuys believed Roose to have been Fisher's own cook, while the act of parliament noted only that he was a cook by occupation and from Rochester.
Dowling notes that he failed to provide any information as to the instigators of the crime, despite being severely tortured, which she argues is an indication that he was persuaded to act on another's behalf.
Bernard posits that Roose may have been persuaded, by some means, to poison the food; or conversely, that a stranger did so while Roose was absent from the kitchen (for example, on a trip to the buttery).
Chapuys himself expressed doubts as to Roose's supposed motivation, and the extant records do not indicate the process by which the authorities settled on Roose as the culprit in the first place.
Chapuys suggests the culprit to have been less likely the King and more likely to be the family of Anne Boleyn, headed by Wiltshire.
Bernard notes that Fisher had, for some time before the deaths, been something of a thorn in the King's side over his Great Matter, and it is not impossible that Henry—possibly acting through the Earl of Wiltshire, or with the latter working independently, perhaps through his own agents—intended to frighten or perhaps kill the bishop.
Chapuys at least suspected Henry of over-dramatising Roose's crime in a machiavellian effort to distract attention from his and the Boleyns' own poor relations with the bishop.
Such a rumour seems to have gained traction in parts of the country already ill-disposed to the Queen, and had probably been propagated by parties in favour remaining in the Roman church.
It is also likely that although Henry was determined to bring England's clergy directly under his control, the situation had not yet worsened to the extent that he wanted to be seen as an open enemy of the church or its leaders.
This highly individual response to a felony—based purely on the King's opinion of it—was presented as an expression of the King's own virtues: care for his subjects and god's peace.
Roose was, therefore, effectively condemned on the strength of Henry's personal interpretation of the events of 18 February rather than evidence, witnesses or confessions.
Kesselring suggests the shift in emphasis from felony to treason stemmed from Henry's political desire to restrict the privilege of benefit of clergy.
An attainder was presented against Roose, which meant that he was effectively found guilty with no common law proceedings being necessary even though, as a prisoner of the crown, there was no impediment to placing him on trial.
As a result of the deaths at Fisher's house, parliament—probably at the King's insistence— passed an act determining that murder by poison would henceforth be treason, to be punished by boiling alive.
The act was thus retroactive, in that the law which condemned Roose did not exist—poisoning not being classed as treason— when the crime was committed.
Through the act, Justices of the Peace and local assizes were given jurisdiction over treason, although this was effectively limited to coining and poisoning until later in the decade.
Although Roose was not the first to suffer such a fate, it was with him that boiling as a form of execution was placed on the statute book.
Rather, Stacy suggests, the method of execution was carefully chosen to re-enact the crime itself, in which Roose boiled poison into broth.
Shortly after the poisonings, reports Hall, describes a curious event when volleys of gunfire—probably from a cannon—were shot through the roof of Fisher's house, damaging rafters and slates.
Fisher's study, which he was occupying at the time, was close by; Hall alleges that the shooting came from the Earl of Wiltshire's house across the Thames from the bishop.
Had it succeeded, argues Stacy, through the usual course of law, Roose could at most have been convicted of petty treason.
Death by boiling, however, was used only once more as a method of execution, in March 1542—another case of poisoning, this time by a maidservant, Margaret Davy, who poisoned those she dwelt with.
Penry Williams suggests that the Roose case, and particularly the elevation of poisoning to a crime of high treason, is an example of a broader, more endemic, extension of capital offences under the Tudors and Henry VIII in particular.
Kesselring also questions why—although it may be understandable why the King pressed to attaint Roose—parliament so easily agreed to his demand, or broadened the definition of treason as they did.
This, Bellamy suggests, may have been Henry's way of persuading the Lords to support the measure, as in most cases they could expect to receive the goods and chattels of the convicted.
The historian William R. Stacy has argued that the Roose case is the first example of an attainder intended to avoid resorting to the common law, and that although it has been overshadowed by subsequent cases of greater political import it was the precedent upon which they were prosecuted.
Although attainder was a common parliamentary weapon for late-medieval English kings, it was effectively a form of outlawry, usually to supplement a common or martial law verdict with the confiscation of land and wealth as its intended result.
The scholar Suzannah Lipscomb has argued that not only were attainders increasingly used from the 1530s but that the decade shows the heaviest use of the mechanism in the whole of English history, while Stacy suggests that Henrician ministers resorted to the parliamentary attainder as a matter of routine.
The 2020 Major League Soccer All-Star Game is the 25th edition of the annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, an exhibition soccer match in the United States.
It will be held on July 29, 2020, at Banc of California Stadium in Los Angeles, California, and played against an all-star team from Liga MX, Mexico's top-flight league.
The game will be televised domestically on ESPN and UniMás in the United States, and on TSN and TVA Sports in Canada.
The Major League Soccer All-Star Game originally fielded two all-star teams from the Western and Eastern conferences, but was later contested against European clubs during their pre-season tours.
An exhibition between the MLS All-Stars and an all-star team from Liga MX, the top flight of Mexican soccer, was proposed in the mid-2010s as part of a closer relationship between the leagues.
Officials from MLS and Liga MX announced a new partnership in March 2018, including new club competitions like the Campeones Cup and Leagues Cup, and a commitment for a shared all-star game.
Liga MX president Enrique Bonilla attended the 2018 MLS All-Star Game in Atlanta with MLS commissioner Don Garber, where they continued discussions for the match, including a potential venue in the Los Angeles area.
On November 20, 2019, MLS officially announced that the 2020 All-Star Game would be played against the Liga MX All-Stars at Banc of California Stadium, the home of Los Angeles FC.
It is the first MLS All-Star Game to be played in the Los Angeles area since 2003, which was hosted by the LA Galaxy at the Home Depot Center, now known as Dignity Health Sports Park.
Usha S. Kakade is an Indian Social activist and the founder and president of Gravittus Foundation (previously known as USK Foundation).
is an Australian reality television series in which celebrity contestants live together in a jungle environment for a few weeks, with no luxuries or contact from the outside world.
The celebrities have to complete Bushtucker Trials to earn food for camp, or else they must survive off of basic rations.
During each series, contestants are progressively eliminated on the basis of public voting, with the eventual winner being crowned either the King or Queen of the Jungle and winning $100,000 for their chosen charity.
Kobi Y. Arad or Koby Y. Arad (Hebrew: קובי ארד; born Kobi Yakob Arad in Haifa, Israel, on October 2, 1981) is an Israeli-American pianist and composer.
Since 2009, he has performed at local cultural events in New York, such as at the Chabad House in New York during Hanukkah.
Arad's music has also been played on the Israel National Radio, as well as at the Tel Aviv Museum, the Knesset, and the Jerusalem Theatre.
The song, composed and produced by Dr. Kobi Arad and Craig Pruess, featured a mixed choir and soloists, consisting of 21 Grammy winners and nominees.
This group has joined the African national band Ganda Boys on February 12, 2016, to record the song for the cause of helping refugees around the world find home.
As the title suggests, the idea behind this system involves taking melodic segments (which are often compositional aphorisms or microcosms) and through improvisation, unfold them into full-blown compositional entities.
The project was a successor of several successful shows which were performed at the Jewish Community Center, New York and Governors Island, New York in collaboration with the Art Kibbutz.
Arad makes a stylistic reference to archaic instruments, such as lutes and ancient harps, by playing the piano in several octaves simultaneously, thus creating an atmospheric and stylistic effect of the Levites' orchestras.
The Mattel World Scrabble Championship 2019 was a Scrabble tournament organised by Mattel and Mindsports Academy (MSA) to determine the world champion in English Scrabble held from 19 to 24 November 2019.
The event was split into two divisions according to players' World English-Language Scrabble Players' Association (WESPA) ratings; the top division comprised some 46 players.
35 games were played on the first four days, after which the top eight proceeded to a 3-game quarterfinals, with the winners advancing to a 5-game semifinals on the same day; the top two players, defending champion Nigel Richards and 2017 champion David Eldar, played a best-of-five final the day after for the top prize of $8,000.
The main event was preceded by a Junior World Scrabble Championship (JWSC) from 16 to 18 November that was won by 13-year-old Pakistani Syed Imaad Ali.
The World Scrabble Championship 2019 took place at the Riveria International Centre in Torquay, Devon, England from 19 to 24 November.
Three former world champions participated in the main event, including four-time world champion and three-time defending champion Nigel Richards (2007, 2011, 2013, 2018), Brett Smitheram (one title: 2016), and David Eldar (one title: 2017).
Former world championship finalists Chris Lipe (2014) and Harshan Lamabadusuriya (2017), alongside former North American Scrabble Championship winners Dave Wiegand (2005, 2009) and Peter Armstrong (2015), also took part in the tournament.
Nigel Richards, David Eldar, Harshan Lamabadusuriya, Peter Armstrong, and Dave Wiegand qualified, alongside JWSC winner Syed Imaad Ali, Paul Gallen, and Jason Keller; Brett Smitheram and Chris Lipe were knocked out of contention, finishing eleventh and fourteenth respectively.
Both were former world champions; Richards won the world championship in 2007, 2011, and 2013, and was also the defending champion, while Eldar clinched the title in 2017.
Richards triumphed 3-1, winning three games in a row after conceding the opening game to Eldar, and became world champion for an unprecedented fifth time.
The seats are divided among five constituencies corresponding to the region's provinces: Avellino with 4 seats, Benevento with 2 seats, Caserta with 8 seats, Naples with 27 seats, and Salerno with 9 seats.
Soft climate change denial (also called implicit or implicatory climate change denial) is a state of mind acknowledging the existence of global warming in the abstract while remaining, to some extent, in partial psychological or intellectual denialism about its reality or impact.
A person in soft denial about global warming may neglect its urgency, miscalculate its risks, overestimate the extent of scientific uncertainty, and underestimate the extent of social change required to effectively mitigate climate change.
Additionally, one may prefer inaction, postponement of climate action, or maintaining the status quo to an unreasonable degree, or may simply fail to act on the issue whatsoever due to apathy or disengagement.
Michael Hoexter is credited with formalizing the definition of soft climate denial in September 2016, though the term was in use earlier.
While soft climate denial generally connotes a state of mind or set of beliefs, neoskepticism describes a deliberate set of rhetorical strategies adopted by opponents of climate mitigation policy.
Although neoskeptics do not deny the existence of global warming outright, they err toward the most optimistic, least disruptive projections and oppose mitigation policy as ineffective, costly, or both.
Both soft climate denial and neoskepticism are relevant to the politics of global warming, the political (not scientific) global warming controversy, and the study of environmental communication.
In May 2015, environmentalist Bill McKibben penned an op-ed criticizing Barack Obama's policies of approving petroleum exploration in the Arctic, expanding coal mining, and remaining indecisive on the Keystone XL pipeline.
Neoskeptics err toward the least-disruptive projections and least-active policies and, as such, neglect or misapprehend the full spectrum of risks associated with global warming.
According to Anne Pasek, the difficulty of comprehending the sheer scale of global warming and its effects can result in sincere (albeit ill-founded) belief that individual changes in behavior will suffice to address the problem without requiring more fundamental structural changes.
In political terms, soft climate denial can stem from concerns about the economics and economic impacts of climate change, particularly the concern that strong measures to combat global warming or mitigate its impacts will seriously inhibit economic growth.
He analyzed the writing of Stephens's fellow conservatives (Ross Douthat and David Brooks) as well as his liberal colleagues (Maureen Dowd, David Leonhardt, Frank Bruni, Gail Collins, Charles Blow, Paul Krugman, Nicholas Kristof, Thomas Friedman, and Roger Cohen).
He then became known as Bodø/Glimt's managing director from 1992 to 1997, chairman of the board from 2002 to 2005 and executive director from 2009 to 2017.
In August 1992 he joined the Purple Mountain Observatory, where he was promoted to associate research fellow in August 1999 and to research fellow in March 2002.
Direct carrier billing (DCB) is an online mobile payment method which allows users to make purchases by charging payments to their mobile phone carrier bill.
The 1952 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1952 college football season.
In their eighth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8–2 record, including a victory over Virginia State in the Orange Blossom Classic.
Sorimuthu Ayyanar Temple is a temple located in Mundhunthurai reserve forest in a dense jungle which is between Papanasam and Karaiyar Dam in Tamil Nadu.
The name of the temple is derived from 'Pon Soriyum Muthiar', which means the Lord who pours down golden rain on the plateau.
The others shrines in the temple are Mahalingam, Sorimuthu Aiyanar, Snagili Bodathar, Brahmma Rakshasi, Thalavai Madan, Thoosi Madan, Pattavarayar, Sage Agasthya, Sudalai Madan, Irulappan, Irudan and Karadi Madaswami.
The new-moon day in Aadi month, which is from July to August, Thai (January-February) last Friday of Aadi and Thai and Panguni Uthiram (March- April) are the festival months.
Ahead of the 1992 season he moved back home and started playing for Stabæk, playing 50 games in the 2. divisjon, 1. divisjon and Eliteserien.
Chang Kai (; born August 1964) is a Chinese physicist currently serving as research follow at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He was a postdoc at the State Key Laboratory of Superlattice, Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The 1950 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1950 college football season.
In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00).
The 2019 Islands District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 10 elected members to the 18-member Islands District Council.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tamworth on 10 August 1940 because of the death of United Australia Party member Frank Chaffey.
The UAP held a five-way preselection which was won by Chaffey's son, Bill Chaffey, a farmer who had returned to the district about twelve months previously.
He won preselection over Tamworth station agent P. Marsh, grazier and Peel River Shire councillor J. Scott, Tamworth grain expert W. H. Lye and former federal MP Roland Green.
The Country Party did not contest the seat after forming an agreement with the UAP, mindful of the UAP having not contested an earlier by-election in the Country Party-held seat of Upper Hunter.
Two Labor parties contested the seat as a result of the second Lang Labor split: insurance agent and future MP Thomas Ryan (for the Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist)) and solicitor John Lyons (for the official Australian Labor Party).
Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (LMCHK) is a medical license issued by the Medical Council of Hong Kong to doctors that have graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong and have met the requirements for such licensure in Hong Kong.
The Medical Council of Hong Kong requires that these non-locally graduated doctors display the LMCHK qualification as a post-nominal title first, before listing any other quotable qualifications, such as MD or MBBS.
Prior to the 1997 handover, graduates of non-Commonwealth jurisdictions had to obtain the LMCHK medical license before being eligible to practice medicine in Hong Kong.
During this Colonial era, doctors of Commonwealth countries were automatically granted registration by the MCHK without taking an examination or undergoing a internship or other period of assessment.
Consequently, the countries of origin of the LMCHK doctors have changed dramatically in the last 20 years; the group is now much more diverse.
According to the Medical Registration Ordinance, the purpose of passing the HKMLE shows the achievement of a standard acceptable for registration as a medical practitioner in Hong Kong.
The process involves assessment of the doctors’ medical education and professional knowledge, and have been found to be consistent with the high standards established and demanded by the Medical Council of Hong Kong.
To start the process of attaining LMCHK from the Medical Council of Hong Kong, doctors must apply after having fulfilled at least 5 years of non-local medical training, including having graduated from an accredited medical school outside of Hong Kong and completed an internship in a hospital.
In contrast, graduates of HKU and CUHK are eligible to directly register as medical practitioners in Hong Kong after internship by virtue of their local medical school degree without having to first seek a medical license.
In 2019, the LMCHK doctors founded a non-profit, professional association called The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong (Licentiate Society) to represent them and to meet their group's professional needs.
The Caton Oak (also known as the Druid's Oak) was an ancient oak tree that stood in Caton, Lancashire, reputedly dating from the time of the druids.
The tree declined during the 20th century and was reinforced with a metal support; an acorn from the tree was planted in 2007 to grow a replacement.
The Caton is reputed to have been the focus of the village since the era of the druids, for whom the oak was a sacred tree which often formed the centre of religious rites.
In Medieval times monks from Cockersand Abbey used the steps to display for sale salmon that had been caught in the river.
By the 1940s the tree was the site for a portable blacksmith's forge where a smith from nearby Hornby regularly set up to shoe horses for Caton's agricultural community.
The tree became a local landmark and a symbol of the village, featuring in the logos of the village school and its sports club.
A sign affixed to railings around the tree states that it has been listed as a historic site by the Department of National Heritage.
Specialists were consulted who recommended that the tree be felled but it was saved by the villagers and the parish council who erected metal props to the branch in question.
The improvements were carried out in 1998 under the Parish and Community Environment Scheme funded by Lancashire County Council, Caton-with-Littledale Parish Council, Rural Action and public contributions.
On 27 April 2007 an acorn from the tree was planted within the hollow by the High Sheriff of Lancashire (Ruthe Winterbottom) so that a replacement tree could grow.
Fang Zhong (; born 1970) is a Chinese physicist and the current Director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After university, he became a visiting scholar at the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Japan and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States.
He returned to China in 2003 and became a research follow at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
He served as deputy director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012, and five years later promoted to the Director position.
It crosses the borough from north-east to south-west of the Air Canada Technical Center to the west of the Chomedey Highway Autoroute 13 (in the city of Dorval) to the Laurentian Autoroute 15 where it takes the name of Sauvé Street.
Côte-Vertu station, the western terminus station of the Montreal Metro's Orange Line is located at the corner of Côte-Vertu Boulevard and Décarie Boulevard.
Nearby is the Terminus Côte-Vertu for various bus lines of the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) also located on Côte-Vertu Boulevard.
The Sulpicians would name various locales of the Island of Montreal in honor of the Blessed Virgin for whom they have great devotion.
Teams from Croatia, Luxembourg and Turkey will make their debut in a European Championship after their presence in the 2018 World Lacrosse Championship, while Portugal and Ukraine will play their first international tournament ever.
Groups B to E were composed by teams from pots 1, 4 and 5 while groups F to I, with teams from pots 2, 3 and 5.
In the mathematics of graph coloring, Cereceda’s conjecture is an unsolved problem on the distance between pairs of colorings of sparse graphs.
It states that, for two different colorings of a graph of degeneracy , both using at most colors, it should be possible to reconfigure one coloring into the other by changing the color of one vertex at a time, using a number of steps that is quadratic in the size of the graph.
The degeneracy of an undirected graph is the smallest number such that every non-empty subgraph of has at least one vertex of degree at most .
If one repeatedly removes a minimum-degree vertex from until no vertices are left, then the largest of the degrees of the vertices at the time of their removal will be exactly , and this method of repeated removal can be used to compute the degeneracy of any graph in linear time.
Greedy coloring the vertices in the reverse of this removal ordering will automatically produce a coloring with at most colors, and for some graphs (such as complete graphs and odd-length cycle graphs) this number of colors is optimal.
For colorings with colors, it may not be possible to move from one coloring to another by changing the color of one vertex at a time.
In particular, it is never possible to move between 2-colorings of a forest (the graphs of degeneracy 1) or between -colorings of a complete graph in this way; their colorings are said to be frozen.
However, with one additional color, using colorings with colors, all pairs of colorings can be connected to each other by sequences of moves of this type.
It follows from this that an appropriately designed random walk on the space of -colorings, using moves of this type, is mixing.
This means that the random walk will eventually converge to the discrete uniform distribution on these colorings as its steady state, in which all colorings have equal probability of being chosen.
More precisely, the random walk proceeds by repeatedly choosing a uniformly random vertex and choosing uniformly at random among all the available colors for that vertex, including the color it already had; this process is called the Glauber dynamics.
The fact that the Glauber dynamics converges to the uniform distribution on -colorings naturally raises the question of how quickly it converges.
A lower bound on the mixing time is the diameter of the space of colorings, the maximum (over pairs of colorings) of the number of steps needed to change one coloring of the pair into the other.
If the diameter is exponentially large in the number of vertices in the graph, then the Glauber dynamics on colorings is certainly not rapidly mixing.
On the other hand, when the diameter is bounded by a polynomial function of , this suggests that the mixing time might also be polynomial.
In his 2007 doctoral dissertation, Cereceda investigated this problem, and found that (even for connected components of the space of colors) the diameter can be exponential for -colorings of -degenerate graphs.
On the other hand, he proved that the diameter of the color space is at most quadratic (or, in big O notation, ) for colorings that use at least colors.
Although Cereceda asked this question for a range of colors and did not phrase it as a conjecture, by 2018 a form of this question became known as Cereceda's conjecture.
This unproven hypothesis is the most optimistic possibility among the questions posed by Cereceda: that for graphs with degeneracy at most , and for -colorings of these graphs, the diameter of the space of colorings is .
Although Cereceda's conjecture itself remains open even for degeneracy , it is known that for any fixed value of the diameter of the space of -colorings is polynomial (with a different polynomial for different values of ).
A related question concerns the possibility that, for numbers of colors greater than , the diameter of the space of colorings might decrease from quadratic to linear.
Both of these kinds of moves include the Glauber one-vertex moves as a special case, as changing the color of one vertex is the same as swapping the colors on a Kempe chain that only includes that one vertex.
For instance, both the Kempe dynamics and the heat bath dynamics mix rapidly on 3-colorings of cycle graphs, whereas the Glauber dynamics is not even connected when the length of the cycle is not four.
Maya Khazhetdinkyzy Shigaeva (, November 21, 1927, Astrakhan, the RSFSR, the USSR - February 20, 2017, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan) - Soviet and Kazakhstan scientist, microbiologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences (1970) professor (1977), academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2003).
From 1949 to 1952 he was a student of the microbiology sector of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR.
He received his Doctor of Biological Sciences in 1970, became a professor 1977 and became an Academician of NAS RK in 2003.
Alexander Alexeyevich Agin (Russian: Александр Алексеевич Агин; 11 May 1817, Pskov Governorate - 1875, Kachanivka) was a Russian painter, illustrator and draftsman.
From 1827, he studied at the , then, from 1834 to 1839, at the Imperial Academy of Arts, under the tutelage of Karl Bryullov and Taras Shevchenko.
As early as 1844, his work was praised by , an influential member of the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts.
From 1844 to 1845, he illustrated the Old Testament and, in 1849, designed reliefs for the monument to Ivan Krylov in Saint Petersburg; sculpted by Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg.
In 1853, due to issues involving censorship, he moved to Kiev, where he taught drawing at the school and created props for the Berger Theater (a forerunner to the National Opera of Ukraine).
He was one of the founders of modern Russian illustration; providing images for the works of Yevgeny Grebyonka, Ivan Panaev, Ivan Turgenev, Mikhail Lermontov and Alexander Pushkin as well as for numerous periodicals.
28 is a 2019 Indian Malayalam language experimental thriller feature film directed by Jayan Naduvathazhath streaming on MX Player and WinterSunTV.
The friend settles his debts and leaves for abroad .Later a Policeman friend comes in and finds out that the entire currency was fake .This triggers rift between all of them.
Twists and turns follow (like the game of 28) and towards the end of the movie the mysterious sides of the characters unfold.
Pius Reher (* 1597 in Blönried as Simon; † 9 Dezember 1654) was abbot of the benedictine monastery of Saint Gall and prince-abbot of the Princely Abbey of Saint Gall from 1630 until 1654.
He expanded the curriculum of the Gymnasium of Rorschach – founded by his predecessor, Abbot Bernhard – by introducing courses on philosophy and theology.
On 18 November 2019, the extended play was released as a digital download on international digital stores through Canadian record label Deadbeats, as well as being released through various music streaming services.
Born in near Kassel, Cadenbach studierte German (with Benno von Wiese and Rudolf Schützeichel), philosophy (with Hans Wagner and Hariolf Oberer) as well as musicology (with Emil Platen and ) at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
He then worked as a research assistant at the Department of Philosophy and later at the Department of Musicology of the Bonn University.
From 1987 to 1989 he was a substitute professor for musicology at the Hochschule der Künste in Berlin (since 2001 Universität der Künste Berlin), where he was appointed professor in 1989, succeeding Reinhold Brinkmann.
Topics were the composer Dieter Schnebel (1990, 2000), Musicology in United Berlin (1991), Music and Visualization (1992), Walter Benjamin (1993), John Cage (1993), Friedrich Nietzsche (1994), Paul Hindemith (1995), Joseph Joachim (1995, 1997, 2007), surrealism and DADA (1998), Bohuslav Martinů (1999), Hermann Kretzschmar (1999), Beethoven (1996, 1999, 2001), Ernst Pepping (2001, 2006), Max Reger (2003, 2006), Richard Strauss (1999), Franz Schreker and his pupils (2003) and George Enescu (2005).
The shrub or tree typically grows to a maximum height of and has multiple stems covered in a powdery white coating.
The glabrous, coriaceous, flat and straight or slightly curved evergreen phyllodes have a semilunate shape with a length of and a width of .
The glabrous and thickly coriaceous seed pods that form after flowering have a curved narrowly oblong shape with the seeds arranged obliquely inside.
It is endemic to the a small area of the Northern Territory where it has a limited distribution around the Oenpelli Mission where it is commonly situated on top of or at the base of sandstone escarpments growing in skeletal sandy soils.
John Clifford Moodey (born 22 November 1958) is a South African politician who has been serving as the Provincial Leader of the Gauteng Democratic Alliance (DA) since 2012.
Moodey has been a Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature since 2004 and served as Leader of the Opposition from 2014 to 2019.
He became chairperson of the DA caucus in 2001 and soon deputy chairperson of the party in Gauteng South in 2002.
He was elected Provincial Leader of the party in 2007, succeeding Ian Davidson to become the party's first black leader in Gauteng.
At the DA's October 2009 provincial conference, in a bid to secure re-election, Moodey's campaign sent out SMS's displaying false information.
A second provincial conference was promptly called for and held in April 2010, in which former DA MP Janet Semple defeated Moodey by just 8 votes.
Christopher Rosario (born January 28, 1979) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 128th district since 2015.
Gallus Jakob Alt (* 10 September 1610 in Oberriet; † 4 March 1687 in St. Gallen) was prince-abbot of Saint Gall from 1654 until 1687.
Born and raised in Oberriet in the St. Gallen Rhine valley, he received his education in the Latin school in Appenzell.
On 8 September 1628, Jakob Alt took his vows in the benedictine Abbey of Saint Gall and was given the monastic name Gallus.
In 1645 he was made governor of monastic properties in Ebingen, he became subprior of Saint Gall in 1647, and prior and governor of Neu St. Johann in 1650.
It is a fast-flowing river that flows westwards in a deep valley, often surrounded by picturesque cliffs of marine sediments exposed by erosion that are 1.5 billion years old.
The Kotuykan joins the right bank of the Kotuy as the latter flows from the south across the western side of the Anabar Plateau, from its mouth and from the mouth of the Khatanga River in the Laptev Sea.
They are situated on the western side of the park that surrounds the Pena Palace, and are part of the Sintra Cultural Landscape, classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1995.
The Chalet was built between 1864 and 1869 for King Fernando II (1816-85), King-Consort to Queen Maria II until her death in 1853, and his future second wife, Elise, Countess of Edla (1836-1929), who was a Swiss-born, American-naturalized opera singer.
It caused considerable scandal because they wanted to marry, although she was a commoner who had, moreover, a young daughter with an unknown father.
The couple finally managed to marry in 1869 when Fernando persuaded his cousin, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, to create a title for Elise, enabling her to become Countess of Edla.
The couple planned the chalet to be in the style of a typical Swiss Chalet, that was much in vogue throughout Europe at the time.
However, the Portuguese State bought the property from her, believing it to be too important to be in the hands of a foreigner and the second wife of the deceased king.
With some of the proceeds the Countess continued to give scholarships to the pianist and composer José Vianna da Motta and to Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro an artist and cartoonist.
Following a fire in 1999 that partially destroyed it, reconstruction, supported by EEA and Norway Grants, was undertaken from 2007 in order to return the building to its original state.
Inside, the restoration team went to considerable lengths, with very little information to go on, to identify the use of the various rooms and to reconstitute the decorative elements painted on the walls.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tamworth on 4 April 1903 because of the bankruptcy of Progressive Party member Raymond Walsh.
Ulmus 'Wingham' is a complex hybrid elm cultivar featuring two Asiatic and two European species, bestowing it with an exceptionally high resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED).
It was raised by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP) in Florence, but never patented owing to its limited aesthetic appeal.
It was introduced to the UK in 2011 by Dr David Herling, Resistant Elms, who trialled it successfully at Wingham in Kent.
Tested by inoculation with the pathogen, 'Wingham' displayed an extraordinary resistance ('5 out of 5') to Dutch Elm Disease, exhibiting defoliation of just 1.44%, with 0% dieback, one of the highest of all the 1000+ clones raised by IPP, Italy.
At the Castellaccio trials site in Italy, specimens increased in height by up to 1.94 m per annum, with a commensurate increase in girth of 2.84 cm.
The Genius Brothers Building, in Kinder, Louisiana, was built in 1916 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
The 1951 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1951 college football season.
The 2019–2020 Toyota Finance 86 Championship (named the 2019–20 Best Bars Toyota 86 Championship for sponsorship reasons) will be the seventh running of the Toyota Finance 86 Championship.
The championship will begin on 2 November 2019 at Pukekohe Park Raceway and will conclude on 26 April 2020 at the same venue.
Henri Décamps, born on 18 December 1935 in Paris, is a French biologist specialising in the ecology of rivers and river landscapes.
He has been a member of the French Academy of sciences since 2008 (correspondant in 1993), of the Académie d'agriculture de France since 2004 (correspondant in 1998) and a member of Academia Europaea since 2009.
Student at the Lycée Lapérouse in Albi, he obtained a degree in natural sciences and a diploma of advanced studies in hydrobiology at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Toulouse.
Henri Décamps first worked on the ecology of aquatic insects of the order Trichoptera, highlighting the influence of the vegetation cover of drainage basins on the diversity of aquatic fauna in mountain streams in the Pyrenees.
He then participated in the study of planktonic algal blooms in the Lot River, and identified the causes and consequences of this phenomenon.
In 1980, he was appointed Director of the CNRS Vegetation Map Service, with the mission of developing this service laboratory into an ecological research laboratory.
It demonstrates the importance of riparian areas as an interface for exchanges between running water ecosystems and neighbouring terrestrial ecosystems, leading to a better understanding of the dynamics of riparian vegetation cover, the decomposition of their litter and their role in recycling carbon and nitrogen into floodplains.
These results have played an important role in the development of two key concepts in landscape ecology: the concepts of corridor and connectivity, which are particularly used in conservation biology.
Elected to the French Academy of sciences, Henri Décamps directed a report on extreme weather events, which led him to participate in the drafting of the IPCC special report on this issue.
He has chaired various research committees within the framework of the environmental programmes of the CNRS, the Ministry of the Environment and UNESCO.
It is a journal operated by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), with the Geosciences Institute at the Complutense University of Madrid.
The film features newcomers Ganesh, Santhosh and Sitara Vaidya in lead roles, with Chitti Babu, Mayilsamy, Chaplin Balu, Ganeshkar, Pandu, Mohan Raman, Mahanadi Shankar, Nalini, Shakeela and Indhu playing supporting roles.
Ganesh (Ganesh) is a carefree youngster living with his three friends (Mayilsamy, Chaplin Balu and Ganeshkar) in a lodge in Chennai.
A vengeful Ganesh killed the police inspector who humiliated his mother and he was sentenced to ten years imprisonment for the murder.
When Priya comes to know that Ganesh is in love with her, she decides to meet him and to settle the problem once and for all.
In 1578, the family became known for maintaining the relations between Venice and Istanbul having the first of the family member Zuanne Giovanni Bolizza.
The family received three ships used for the transfer of letters which is mentioned in the report of Marino Bolizza in 1614, who according to studies, was one of Zuanne's sons.
The mailmen arrived from Venice in Kotor who then proceeded to travel the dangerous path to Plav and from there, the travel was safe.
There was also a Giovanni The family maintained good relations with the Montenegrin and Albanian tribes, Ottoman pashas and beys as well as Venice and Rome.
In 1632, Giorgio Bianchi (Gjergj Bardhi), the bishop of Sapë, met Bonaventura Palazzolo, a reformed Franciscan missionary in Rome, who helped convince the Congregation to create the Franciscan mission in Albania.
This work is considered to be thanks to Bolizza who thanks to his good relations with the Ottomans, managed to obtain a letter from the Pashalik of Bosnia to guarantee the inviolability of the missionaries.
He maintained good contact with the Congregation in order to supply the missionaries with food, clothing and supplies, sometimes paying for it himself.
In 1644, two highwaymen killed two friars, mostly thanks to the hostile tendencies increasing as a result of the Cretan War.
The Ottmans felt threatened by the Anti-Turkish machinations of the Franciscans, and in February 1648, two missionaries and their assistant Giorgio Jubani (Alb: Gjergj Jubani) were impaled.
Bolizza managed to gain the protection of the Ottoman military leader of Alessio (Lezhë), Sinan Bey, which made it possible to renovate their settlement in Pedena and Pulati.
Francesco Bolizza strove for personal interests such as in 1647 when he requested exemption from the prohibition of marriage among relatives for the children of patricians of Kotor, including his own daughter.
He also fought to have his illegitimate child at the school of Collegio Urbano and the congregation paid the costs as an expression of gratitude.
The Bolizza brothers were in constant contact with Çengizade (Čengić) Ali, sanjak-bey of Hercegovina in 1653 and Jusuf Begović, sanjak-bey of Scutari, two prominent Ottoman leaders who maintained good relations with Venice and who preferred trading relations over military conquest.
In May 1662, Čengić wrote a letter to Vincenzo Bolizza informing him that he had orders to attack the Venetian strongholds in Dalmatia, and due to the affection held for Venice, he would do all he could to divert his forces towards Transylvania.
Eventually, more serious problems came from marauding pirates of Hajduks and Uskosks and Vincenco and Nicolo Boliza tried to mitigate their impact on the people of Kotor.
In 1635, Francesco Bolizza died in Kotor and was replaced by his brother Vincent Bolizza who continued in his brothers foot steps working for the Congregation.
Francesco Bolizza helped create the mandate for the family's hire in Rome and he also contributed in securing the Franciscan mission in Albania.
In 1639, Mardarije, the vladika of Cetinje, was convinced by Francesco Bolizza to convert to Catholicism, and thus, departed for Rome, but due to Ottoman suspicion, Bolizza persuaded him to abandon his travels.
Eventually Mardarije professed his faith in the Mahine monastery (in Venetian territory) to which he retreated after having endured several months in Turkish captivity.
Giovanni Bolizza (d. 1708) also helped the vladika of Cetinje and Arzenije Crnojevic, the patriarch of Peja, to develop closer ties to Venice.
Most missionaries actives in the areas around Grbalj, Luštica, Paštrovići, Budva and Antivari turned to Bolizza for help and they also helped the correspondence between the Orthodox monks of Montenegro and Catholic missionaries.
In 1659, Vincenco Bolizza sent the Congregation a report of payments which had been made to the Albanian Franciscans between 1650 and 1658.
These payments included supplies and wages for captains who accompanied the missionaries, but also ransoms paid for people who had been taken captive.
Bolizza mentioned that he desired to spread the Catholic faith in the southern Balkans, and he was sad that the mission in Northern Albania had temporarily been shut down.
Whether or not a missionary was successful in southern Balkans depended on the relationships with the Bolizza family who exercised great influence in Rome.
Thanks to a close friend Francesco Leonardi, in 1644, the Congregation transferred Giorgio Bianchi (Gjergj Bardhi), the archbishop of Antivar, to the bishopric of Sapë.
Leonardi was appointed in his place and after his death, Francesco Bolizza recommended friar Gregorio Romano, who was working in Albania.
However Bolizza's advice was ignored and the Pope instead appointed Giuseppe Maria Buonaldi, a Dalmatian Dominican, which resulted in a total failure.
Buonaldi spoke neither Albanian nor was he accustomed to the culture of the Albanians and Bolizza frequently reported the failures of Buonaldi to the Congregation.
Albanians always preferred their own bishops who spoke the same language and was of the same ethnicity, as the elderly of Priskë e Madhe wrote on August 10, 1578.
In 1630s, Bolizza established contact with the leaders of the Montenegrin and Albanian tribes who had risen against the Ottomans as a result of high taxes.
Following the outbreak of the Cretan War, Francesco Bolizza was the main mediator between Venice and the Balkan tribal leaders who came in accordance of an assault.
In 1649, 300 Venetian troops marched against the city of Podgorica under the Ochrida archbishop, the bishop of Sapë and Vincenco Boliza, who were joined by a small group of tribal men from the Kuçi tribe.
Anna-Lisa Berglund (18 January 1935 – 3 June 2019) was a Swedish archer who competed at three Olympic Games in archery for Sweden.
She participated in the women's individual event at the 1972, 1976 and the 1980 Olympic Games finishing 34th, 11th and 16th respectively.
The 1953 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1953 college football season.
Her synthetic and natural printed fabrics were also used for sportswear and furnishings by designers and retailers across the United States.
Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and farmhouses, the others being a church and associated structures, and a telephone kiosk.
The Budapest Puppet Theater () has been open since 1949, with its primary venue currently situated at 69 Andrássy út, Budapest.
The Budapest Puppet Theater is the biggest institution of its kind in Central-Europe and the oldest professional puppet theater in Hungary.
Since the theatre has been established, they performed with hand and rod puppets hiding behind the screen, dressed up in black velvet to create the perfect illusion with the puppets held out in the light.
They have manipulated marionette figures from above, shadow figures from behind, bunraku puppets on the table and giant puppets from inside masks.
Fashion changes, traditions are being born and forgotten, but one thing has never changed, the spell of magic of revival of a lifeless animated object for children and adults.
The State Puppet Theater opened on the 8th of October in 1949, and it was renamed in 1992 as Budapest Puppet Theater.
It has proven the legitimacy and equality of puppetry with other genres of performing arts with the help of sovereign puppet versions of classic dramas and classical pieces.
The biggest successes of the company are linked to the unique definitions of classical music adaptations on all the five continents.
The theater's company has three stages to play: the main stage, which has around 400 seats, the Ország Lili Studio, which can be rearranged in several styles.
The carefully timed and thermalized exhibitions put an emphasis on the representation of the past and present of puppetry as an art form showing the designs and works of emblematic puppet designers and theatre companies.
The Budapest Puppet Theater initiated the celebration of World Puppet Day on March 21 in 2014 and since then Hungarian puppet artists in the country and abroad organize feasts and flash mobs.
With these series of events the organizers are keen to put an emphasis on the colorfulness of the Hungarian Puppet art, on its own institutions and independent companies and also on the actors who are valuable parts of the productions.
On this day the professional and amateur companies, educational institutions and one man shows get the chance to introduce themselves and entertain their audience outside of the buildings of puppet theaters.
The State Puppet Theater was established on September 1, 1949, and its predecessor was the Fairy Tale Cave, nationalized for the second time, which operated for only one and a half years on the second floor of the Art Theater which is the former Parisien Grill.
The only official puppet theater in Hungary immediately moved to 69 Andrássy Avenue, in place of the former National Chamber Theater.
In accordance with the cultural policy of that time, at first only pieces for children were shown, even though the new leadership wanted to take a different direction.
Until 1958, there was an uncertain period, several directors and chief directors exchanged, and the composition of the company changed constantly too.
However, some highly successful performances have shown that Budapest audiences are interested in puppeteer productions: for example, the Star Parade has had snaking lines in front of the cash register for years.
In the early years, the Győr State Puppet Theater's program provided the major part of the show, but from 1964, using a completely new language for their repertoire they introduced musical theater performances.
This is where Petruska (1965), The Prince of Wood (1965), The Wonderful Mandarin (1969), and János Háry (1972), often still mentioned, were born.
More and more people questioned the legitimacy of the former illusion theater, many open forms appeared and the animators themselves became more prominent, and it was no longer unusual to see them in a show.
In Hungary, puppetry did not develop at this pace, thus the State Puppet Theater program lost its spirit of experimenting, so it was not at all surprising that a group of young artists working here left the institution and established their own workshop in Kecskemét.
Szilágyi retired in 1992, and he was replaced by Iván Koós and László Villányi, the former was responsible for the artistic level, the latter took care of the smooth running of the business, but by the end of the first joint season it became apparent that this line was inoperable.
In the same year the name of the institution changed, and the theater continues to function as the Budapest Puppet Theater.
In 1994 the Arany János Theater, the only children's theater in the country, was abolished, giving the two puppet theaters in Budapest an even greater responsibility to serve the needs of the youngest.
In the same year, János Meczner, former director of the Arany János Theater, won the management of the Andrássy Avenue institution.
He took over the theater in a time of crisis and it was him who had to make some changes in order to keep up with the constant development of the genre, while preserving its enduring values.
The main aim of the Budapest Puppet Theater is to raise attention of children towards theater, make them love the genre and to form their theatrical taste.
The Budapest Puppet Theater has been performing for over seven decades and it has a special place in the capital city's cultural life.
Their job is notable because 80% of their viewers are kindergarten kids or elementary school students, who usually receive their first theater experience in the Puppet Theater.
Besides composing the repertory with a literary and artistic concern, both pedagogical and psychological aspects are also considered in the material.
A clear description is given to every performance for the audience to be able to decide, which age they are recommended, but those are the best children plays which can be enjoyed by the parents and teachers too.
The Budapest Puppet Theater is strongly committed to the idea that the genre of the puppet is for every age-group this is why they constantly expand their repertory to draw the attention of the adult audience as well.
Artists working in the Budapest Puppet Theater do not see puppetry as a form, but as an endless source of possibilities.
A change of paradigms has taken place in the past 25 years both in the European and in the Hungarian art of puppetry.
Puppetry integrates the fellow art forms, and it is more and more common, that classical theatre and dance productions add extra puppet elements in their shows.
The puppet genre is capable of methods of expression that the live theater cannot manage to do due to its limitations.
It is done paradoxically based on a more than hundred year of traditional techniques, focusing on preservation and renaissance at the same time.
It has well-trained and devoted actors whose work is guarantee for the high quality of the performances and the possibility of improvement.
Glass Hill Award – Offering the Local Government of the Municipality of Budapest and the Local Government of Kaposvár County Law for the outstanding theater performance of the VII.
Glass Hill Award – Offering the Local Government of the Capital of Budapest and the Local Government of Kaposvár County Law Center, the best children's theater performance in the VII.
The special prize of the Ministry of National Resources is a fascinating poetry of contemporary poetry, with the pleasure of playing the space in the VI.
PRP(C) was formed in late 1947 by a dissident group of erstwhile United Venezuelan Communist Party (PCVU) leaders, including by Salvador de la Plaza, Luis Miquilena, Horacio Scott Power and Rodolfo Quintero, who had opposed the reconciliation of PCVU with the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV) at the November 1946 Unity Congress.
In contrast to the PCV, the PRP(C) rejected the notion of building alliances with the 'progressive bourgeoisie' for a 'national bourgeois revolution'.
Instead PRP(C) maintained its own trade union organizations, the most prominent being the bus drivers' union in Caracas and the petrol workers of Puerto de la Cruz and San Joaquín.
Political parties were assigned coloured ballots ahead of the 1947 Venezuelan general election and the PRP(C) was assigned the colour black.
Subsequently the PRP(C) became nick-named 'the Black Communists' in contrast to the 'Red Communists' of the PCV (whose ballot papers were red).
The party obtained 3,697 votes (0.53%) in the May 1948 municipal elections, but only managed to win a few seats in Anzoátegui state.
At the time of the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état the PRP(C) argued that the ousted government of Rómulo Gallegos had been a puppet of U.S. imperialism, and declined to the defend it.
However, after its legalization the Federal District trade union federation was split in two groups, one led by Rodolfo Quinteros and one led by Cruz Villegas.
By this point the party had shrunk and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had called for unity among the Venezuelan communists.
The park is located at Ramu and Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila, Cox's Bazar District, in the southeast region of the country.
The loss of tree diversity and population is due to encrochments for cultivation, invasion of weed species, grazing of cattles, collection of minor forest produces and fuel wood, fire hazard, expansion of network of roads and other infrastructure projects.
The 2019 Nordic Opening or the seventh Ruka Triple is the 10th edition of the Nordic Opening, an annual cross-country skiing mini-tour event.
On the sprint stage, the winners were awarded 30 bonus seconds, no bonus seconds were awarded on stages two and three.
The overall winners of the Nordic Opening received CHF 22,500, with the second and third placed skiers getting CHF 17,500 and CHF 11,000 respectively.
CHF 5,000 was given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places second and third.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tamworth in June 1889 because of the resignation of sitting Protectionist Party member Robert Levien.
The Supreme Court had found Levien of the dishonourable conduct of permitting his unqualified clerk to have acted as an attorney, fined him £100 and suspended him from practice for twelve months.
In 2016, Haven acquired a house in the Mar Mikhaël neighborhood to provide a more permanent space for performances, and to create living and working space for artists.
The ground floor of the building hosts Concept 2092, which includes a cafe, co-working space, art exhibitions, and a store selling residents' work.
Declan Moore (born on 15 September 1996 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
The team was first described in a 1977 book, and supposedly consists of prominent Greek people who possess secret knowledge of extraterrestrial origin.
Beginning in the 1980s, literature about the society became infused with anti-Semitic conspiracy theories, placing the Epsilon Team in a cosmic battle against the Jews.
The body of beliefs related to the Epsilon Team has been labeled epsilonism, and those who subscribe to it have been labeled epsilonists.
Epsilon is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, and has a modern history as a symbol for freedom and Greece.
A precursor to the epsilonists was Spyridon Nagos, a Freemason and socialist who in the early 20th century envisioned a secret society of high-ranking Greeks, working in secret for the benefit of their country.
Lefkofrydis described the existence of a secret society of influential Greeks, who had extraterrestrial knowledge stemming from Aristotle, and who worked to protect the interests of the Greek people.
The most prominent writers on epsilonism in the 1980s and 1990s were Ioannis Fourakis, Anestis S. Keramydas, Dimosthenis Liakopoulos and Georgios Gkiolvas.
Fourakis is generally considered to have coined the name Epsilon Team, and was also prominent in fusing epsilonism with anti-Semitic conspiracy theories.
In Fourakis' works, the Greeks are presented as being of extraterrestrial origin, associated with the Olympian gods, and part of an ancient cosmic war against the Jews.
He claimed to be a member of the secret society and emphasised the racial, anti-Semitic and pro-Orthodox angle, and added that the Jews also were of extraterrestrial origin.
The phenomenon, although fringe, is relatively well known in Greece, and has had an impact on the conspiracy theory milieu and popular culture.
People who have been named in epsilonist literature as members include Aristotle Onassis, Alexander Onassis, Spyridon Marinatos, the publisher Ioannis Passas, the mathematician Kostas Karatheodoris, the general C. Nikolaidis, the physicist Kosta Tsipis, the mayor of Athens Antonis Tritsis, the Greek-American George Tsantes who was murdered by the 17 November Group, Alexandros Bodosakis, Dimitris Liantinis and the astronomer Konstantínos Chasapis.
The most publicised event occurred in October 2015, when five men were detained for the bombings of the Bank of Greece in Kalamata and the statue of Constantine XI Palaiologos in Mystras.
The men belonged to a terrorist group called Team Epsilon, which also possessed a large number of explosives and firearms, and had plans for further attacks.
It is open to people of all races and religions, and does not subscribe to anti-Semitism or the eschatological beliefs of epsilonism.
Josh Kemeny (born on 29 November 1998 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
Harry Potter (born on 15 December 1997) is an Australian rugby player currently signed with the Melbourne Rebels in the Super Rugby.
Potter moved to Bristol in his youth before moving again, this time abroad to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia when he was 10-years-old.
In August 2019, Potter was announced to have been included in the full Melbourne Rebels squad for the 2020 season after playing with the Melbourne Rising in the National Rugby Championship.
To prevent another disaster, Jeon Yoo-kyung (Jeon Hye-jin) plans an operation based on a theory by Professor Kang Bong-rae (Ma Dong-seok).
He is tasked to take part in the operation, which holds the fates of South and North Korea in the balance.
Jo In-chang contacts Lee Joon-pyeong (Lee Byung-hun) who is part of the Ministry of People's Armed Forces of North Korea as a spy.
The film is set to be released on December 24 in Taiwan, January 1, 2020 in Hong Kong, January 2 in Singapore and Malaysia, January 8 in Indonesia, the day after in Thailand and Australia, and January 31 in Vietnam.
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 71% based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10.
Oskar von Stryk is professor of simulation, system optimization and robotics at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
Since 2000 he is professor of simulation, system optimization and robotics at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
The search and rescue robot Hector (Heterogeneous Cooperating Team Of Robots) of the Technische Universität Darmstadt competed in 2014 in Rescue Robot League of RoboCup, the oldest and world's largest competition for intelligent robots in various application scenarios, and took first place there.
In 2017, the Argonaut robot, developed by a team led by Stryk, won the ARGOS Challenge for intelligent inspection robots on oil and gas platforms, which the company Total S.A. had launched.
Some protested against various proposed economic and political reforms proposed by the government of Iván Duque Márquez, others against the few violent protestors and in favor of the Colombian peace process, etc.
While mostly peaceful in nature, a few violent incidents took place throughout the protests, leading to overnight curfews in Cali and Bogotá.
According to 2018 Corruption Perception Index data released by Transparency International to measure public sector corruption in 180 countries and territories, giving each a score from zero (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean), Colombia scores 36 points.
Duque was also accused of not putting effort into the Colombian peace process with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) as violence occurring in rural areas of Colombia resulted with the deaths of indigenous leaders.
As a means of demonstrating, labor unions organized a twelve-hour nationwide strike that was to be held on 21 November 2019, with other groups such as Indigenous leaders, students, and anti-corruption activists.
These protests follow smaller student protests earlier in the year that failed to attract many supporters or attention, and have been inspired by the other protests across Latin America.
On 21 November, many Colombians, estimated between 200,000 and over 1 million, protested throughout the country, with the government responding by deploying 170,000 troops.
Demonstrations turned violent, with clashes between police and protesters occurring later in the day and some groups attempting to storm Capitolio Nacional, the building that houses the Congress of Colombia.
Fights broke out near the country's international airport, and tear gas was also fired at people at the National University of Bogotá.
The mayor of Cali imposed a curfew from 19:00 local time until 6:00 the next morning () as a response to violence.
On the first day of protests, three people were killed, with 98 arrested and 273 combined protesters and security forces injured.
The following day, thousands of protesters gathered at Plaza Bolívar in the capital Bogotá, where they were later dispersed with tear gas.
Many protests were peaceful, while some instances of looting and the theft of a public bus occurred in the capital city, where a curfew was enforced in the evening.
In Santander de Quilichao in the southwest of the country, three police officers were killed, and ten more injured, by a car bomb.
After the initial anti-austerity and anti-corruption protests had begun, other groups joined in demonstrations, including environmental action groups, animal rights groups, and women's rights groups.
The lootings happening in poorer areas have contributed to an increase in anti-Venezuelan sentiment, with some suspecting Venezuelan migrants to part of the perpetrators.
Going into the morning of 23 November, Duque said that he would not recall troops that had been patrolling in the streets, and that the measure was to maintain order.
After the previous night's curfew, protesters returned to the streets, with hundreds in the capital's National Park being dispersed with tear gas, and to Plaza Bolívar and the Capitol building.
One protester was critically wounded on Saturday after being hit in the head by a tear gas canister, prompting other protesters to hold a vigil.
Michel Delseny (born June 17, 1945) is Director of Research Emeritus at the CNRS and a member of the French Academy of sciences.
Delseny initially focused on the study of gene expression in higher plants, mainly during seed development and germination, as well as in response to stress.
After a Baccalaureate C in Paris in 1963, he obtained a master's degree in natural sciences: Plant Biology and Physiology in Paris in 1968, then a diploma of advanced studies: plant cytology and morphogenesis in Paris in 1969.
He passed the agrégation and CAPES in Natural Sciences (1st in both competitions) in 1970, then obtained a doctorate in biochemistry in Montpellier in 1972 and a doctorate in molecular biology in Montpellier in 1977.
He is a member of the Environmental Sciences Committee, the Science and Biosafety Committee of the French Academy ofsSciences, the Working Group on Artificial Intelligence and a member of the Management Board of the Foundation of the University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) since 2014.
Michel Delseny was also associate editor of Plant Molecular Biology (1996-2006), Plant Cell Physiology (4 years, from 2009 to 2013, then the Advisory Editorial Board until 2017), and Botanical Studies since 2014, co-editor in chief of Plant Science from 2003 to 2015, co-editor in chief of Advance in Botanical Research, from 2006 to 2014, co-editor of CR Biologies (2018-).
He is Deputy Director of Génopole Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon (1999-2006), President of CSD 7 (Ecological Agronomy) of the ANR's White Programme (2005-2007), Vice-President of COPED (Developing Countries Committee) of the French Academy of sciences (2017-2021).
Finally, he has been the referent of the pilot centre of La Main à la pâte of Perpignan since 2014 and of the Maison pour la Science de Toulouse since 2017 and a member of the scientific council of La Main à la pâte.
Throughout his career, Michel Delseny has been involved in teaching activities, most often on a voluntary basis at the University of Perpignan.
Following Yves Guitton's death in July 1977, he taught biochemistry and plant physiology with his colleague Françoise Grellet in DEUG and Master's degree from September 1978 to June 1979, pending the appointment of his replacement, Paul Penon.
Michel Delseny has participated or organized advanced practical or theoretical courses abroad or in France: Valdivia (Chile), Mar del Plata (Argentina), Bordeaux, Perpignan, Pau, Montpellier, Barcelona, Cabrils (Spain), Hsinchu, Taipei and Tainan (Taiwan).
He has directed, or co-directed, the work of 30 thesis students, as many post-doctoral fellows and foreign visitors and participated in 9 thèses d'État juries, 135 university theses and 25 research authorizations.
About 200 publications in peer-reviewed journals (Plant Physiology, Plant Journal, Plant Cell, Nature, Planta, European Journal of Biochemistry, FEBS Letters, EMBO J, PNAS, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Science...) and numerous popular articles and book chapters (H index 46).
He has participated in 3 patents and has been a guest speaker at hundreds of national and international conferences and has given about 200 seminars, in France and abroad.
He was among the first to show (during his post-doctoral fellowship in 1979-1980) that the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) DNA, after cloning and amplification in Escherichia coli, was infectious and identical to the original DNA when inoculated to a host plant.
He was the first to report the sequence of the spacer of genes encoding ribosomal RNAs of a dicotyledon in 1988 and to show the bases of ribosomal gene heterogeneity in plants.
These observations had a strong impact, as it was the beginning of collaborations with the plant breeding sector at INRA, IRD, CIRAD and with private partners.
The 1990s were marked by their participation in major sequencing programs for Arabidopsis genomes and rice and thus discovered many genes whose function they elucidated.
They also discovered in 2000 that plant genomes had undergone global duplication cycles during the evolution of cycles and thus contributed to the current conception of genome evolution.
Following the discovery by his collaborators of genes encoding small regulatory RNAs (miRNA and siRNA) and for new RNA polymerases, his laboratory is now involved in epigenetics and the control of gene expression by small RNAs.
Heather Barnabe is the CEO of G(irls)20, an NGO that empowers young women and girls to become leaders through training and education.
G(irls)20 is a Canadian NGO founded by Farah Mohamed to encourage and empower girls in the areas of education and technology.
The parish contains the village of Doxey, and both listed buildings are houses, one with its original part timber framed, and the other in Georgian style.
After jurisprudential studies, in 1791 Bentzel-Sternau became government counsellor of the Electorate of Mainz under Karl Theodor von Dalberg in Erfurt.
In 1806 he entered the Baden services, became ministerial director in 1808 and president of the upper court in 1810 in Mannheim.
After the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt had been occupied by the German powers allied against Napoleon in the autumn of 1813 - it was not dissolved until the summer of 1814 - Bentzel-Sternau withdrew into private life.
He again proved his liberal and committed attitude as a delegate of the Bavarian Chamber of Estates in the years 1825 to 1828.
In this satire, Bentzel takes up the arguments and demands of the literary Jew hunt, which had found fertile ground after the Congress of Vienna, and takes them to absurdity by exaggerating them.
Visionary, the author predicts a development that was soon caught up in the horrors of the anti-Jewish Hep-Hep riots in Germany.
Bentzel was apparently aware of the pronounced anti-Jewish dynamics and the great potential for violence that had accumulated against the Jews in the period after the Congress of Vienna - spurred on by inflammatory writings and pamphlets published in many places.
Robson competed for Scotland at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Canada winning a bronze medal and for Great Britain he won another bronze medal at the 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships in Vienna, Austria.
Emeritus research director at the Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), his research has focused on the symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
In 1981, Jean Dénaria merged his laboratory with the one run by Pierre Boitard, who used molecular genetic methods to study the interactions between plants and pathogenic microorganisms.
Patents are filed, a partnership with an industrial group is initiated, and in 2004 the production of Rhizobium inoculants enriched with Nod factors begins.
Jean Dénarié's work has since focused on the myc factor and its effects on the root and nutritional system of plants.
Rockingham Lakes Regional Park is a conservation park approximately 40 kilometers south of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Rockingham.
The park, established in 1997, covers a non-continuous area of 4,270 hectares and occupies approximately 16 percent of the area of the City of Rockingham.
The concept of regional spaces in Western Australia open to the public was first proposed in 1955, when the Stephenson-Hepburn Report recommended preserving private land for future public use in what would become the Perth Metropolitan Region in 1963.
In 1989, the Western Australian State Government allocated the responsibility of managing regional parks with the Department of Conservation and Land Management.
A Regional Parks Taskforce was established in 1990 but the EPA reported in 1993 that the establishment of these parks encountered difficulties.
The park covers an area of 4,270 hectares and occupies approximately 16 percent of the area of the City of Rockingham.
The park is non-continuous, with Cape Peron and Lake Richmond forming an isolated north-western block and Anstey and Paganoni Swamp a separate southern part.
The Port Kennedy Scientific Park and Lark Hill block is separated from Lake Cooloongup, Lake Walyungup and Tamworth Hill by a major road- and rail corridor, while smaller roads still separate the other areas.
The Lake Cooloongup, Lake Walyungup, Port Kennedy Scientific Park and Lark Hill areass are potentially contaminated with Unexploded Ordnance, having been used as artillery range by the Department of Defence in the era around World War II.
Oakleigh is a settlement south of Whangarei in the Whangarei District of the Northland Region of New Zealand, on the main highway and the North Auckland Line.
Ihe place was named after a grove of several large oak trees there, as the new Post Office built in 1910 required a name.
The settlement had a railway station from 1923 to 1975, and the proposed Marsden Point Branch line to Northport will leave the North Auckland Line at Oakleigh.
Multiple Swedish newspapers have written articles about her and her journey to become a model and the Miss Global Sweden 2019.
Miranda Wang received this award for recognition of her work to help tackle the plastic crisis by developing a recycling solution for unrecyclable plastic waste.
Men's Football at the 2019 South Asian Games will be held in Kathmandu, Nepal from December 2 to December 10, 2019.It will be 13th edition of the tournament.
Each nation must submit a squad of 20 players, 17 of whom must be born on or after 1 January 1997, and three of whom can be older dispensation players.
The 1987 League of Ireland Cup Final was the final match of the 1986–87 League of Ireland Cup (called the Opel League Cup for sponsorship purposes), a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the League of Ireland.
Its first round, in which four teams played each other in a double round-robin system, took place before the start of the league schedule.
The two sides had met twice already that season, with Shamrock Rovers winning both the President's Cup final and the league fixture in Milltown.
They reached the final by topping their group over Cork City, Drogheda United and EMFA, and then defeating St Patrick's Athletic (in a penalty shoot-out after a 0–0 draw) and Athlone Town (1–0).
Shamrock Rovers had won the League Cup once previously, in 1976–77, and had lost on their two previous appearances in the final.
In the 1986–87 season they would go on to win a League and FAI Cup Double, with Dundalk finishing as runners-up in both competitions.
Dundalk had three players making debuts, including local-league player Paul Matthews who was signed as cover on New Year's Eve; while manager Turlough O'Connor, was obliged to be listed as '13th player' on the team-sheets.
Dundalk's Dessie Gorman missed two early chances before they were awarded a controversial penalty in the 39th minute, when Noel Larkin was adjudged to have fouled Tom McNulty near the goal-line in a tussle for possession.
It was held on October 4, 2019 at the Busan Dream Theatre in Busan and was emceed by presenter and actress Lee In-hye.
Kerala beef fry is a dish made of beef, slow-roasted in a mixture of spices, onions, curry leaves, and coconut slivers, fried in coconut oil.
The dishes origins can be traced back to AD 52, after which Syrian Christians have been known to have settled in Kerala, however the first Jewish settlers arrived in Kerala as early as AD 7, and brought with them humane cattle slaughter techniques, which could have also led to the development of the recipe.
The dish is prepared by cooking chunks of meat in a mixture of spices which include Turmeric, Coriander, Garam Masala, Black Pepper, Red Chilli, cooked along with Onions, Shallots, Ginger and Garlic.
The meat is usually cooked in a pressure cooker to soften it before it is slow roasted in the mixture of spices, till it reaches a dry consistency.
Kerala beef fry is most commonly eaten with Kerla Porotta, whereas in other parts such as Thrippunithara, the dish has been combined with pazhampori or banana fritters and has become a very popular combo in the state.
Kerala beef fry, has found itself in the middle of many a controversy in India, with the central Government banning the slaughter and of cattle.
However, electoral candidates from the same ruling party went to great lengths to assure their voters that beef would be supplied in the most hygienic conditions.
National award-winning actress Surabhi Lakshmi was also in the center of a controversy, where news was published that she at beef fry during the Onam festival.
She began to study archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ancient History and Prehistoric and Protohistoric at the University of Cologne in 1995.
In 2005/06 she received a grant from the German Archaeological Institute and in 2006 was a scientific trainee at the LVR Archaeological Park Xanten where she was promoted to research assistant by 2008.
She then worked at the German Archaeological Institute, Rome Department, first as a general consultant, then as head of the photo library until 2014.
In 2014, Busch became the Director of Collections, Library, Archives and IT, as well as Head of Roman Archeology at the Roman-Germanic Central Museum (RGZM) in Mainz.
On the surface it appears as an upland of moderate height, built of gneisses and crystalline shales folded in the Archean.
The Anabar Shield coincides geographically with the Anabar Plateau, located at the northern end of the Central Siberian Plateau, in the upper reaches of the Anabar, Olenyok and Kotuy rivers.
The Tim Hortons Spitfire Arms Cash Spiel (known originally as the Spitfire Arms Cash Spiel) is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, held at the Windsor Curling Club in Windsor, Nova Scotia.
It has been a part of the Women's World Curling Tour since 2015 and was part of the Men's Tour from 2015-2017.
Catering to mature women, her winter designs frequently consist of knitwear while her elegant summer clothes are based mainly on cotton.
Brought up in the Copenhagen suburb of Charlottenlund, she showed an interest in sewing from an early age, cutting her mother's cloth to pieces while her siblings followed their academic development.
After attending the Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design (1973–1975) and the School of Design at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (1975–1979), she began to design clothing for teenagers.
Despite all expectations, Bitte Kai proved to be a successful designer, opening her own firm in 1981 when she was only 25.
The Grade II* listed 70-room hotel adjoined the 159-room Burlington Hotel to form a grand white-washed row known as the Grand Parade.
At 08:50 GMT on 22 November 2019, a fire broke out in the basement of the hotel and resulted in around 60 firefighters and 12 fire engines being sent to the hotel to extinguish the flames.
Sensis is an Australian platforms and marketing services company that owns the Yellow Pages, White Pages as well as a variety of other websites and publications in Australia.
Prior to the sale of 70% of the Sensis business to American private equity firm Platinum Equity in March 2014, Sensis was Telstra's wholly owned advertising and directories arm.
Sensis was originally known as National Directory Services (NDS), but subsequently renamed Pacific Access in 1991, before changing its name to Sensis in August 2002.
The original cost of development and implementation was estimated at A$300 million which was funded by Telstra, but a twelve-month delay in deployment and lack of user acceptance testing almost doubled the original cost.
In November 2009, the entire White Pages directory product reverted to the legacy system, GENESIS, after realisation by Sensis management that iGen was incapable of delivering expected performance.
In 2010, the CEO of Sensis at the time Bruce Akhurst announced that the Yellow Pages had been switched over to iGen.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the first meeting place for Waterford County Council.
Following an extensive refurbishment and expansion, the Waterford Courthouse was officially re-opened by Charles Flanagan, Minister for Justice and Equality, in April 2018.
Arda-Mulissu had served as Sennacherib's crown prince and heir for several years, since the death of Sennacherib's first crown prince Ashur-nadin-shumi in 694 BC, but was for unknown reasons replaced as heir by Esarhaddon in 684 BC.
Disappointed by this, Arda-Mulissu was the chief orchestrator of a 681 BC conspiracy in which he and one of his younger brothers, Sharezer, murdered Sennacherib in the hopes of seizing the throne.
After their failure, Arda-Mulissu and Sharezer fled to the Kingdom of Urartu in the north after which their fate is uncertain.
Shortly after this appointment, Sennacherib campaigned against Elam (modern day southern Iran) to chase after Chaldean rebels which had fled there.
In response to this incursion into their territory, the Elamites invaded the southern parts of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and in 694 BC successfully captured Ashur-nadin-shumi at the city of Sippar.
Needing to appoint a new heir from among his sons, Sennacherib then elevated his second eldest surviving son, Arda-Mulissu, as crown prince.
Although Arda-Mulissu held the position of heir apparent for several years, he was replaced as heir by his younger brother Esarhaddon in 684 BC.
Sennacherib noted the increasing popularity of Arda-Mulissu and came to fear for his designated successor, so sent Esarhaddon away to the western provinces.
This exile of Esarhaddon put Arda-Mulissu in a difficult position as he had reached the height of his popularity but was powerless to act with Esarhaddon away.
The army raised by Arda-Mulissu and Sharezer met Esarhaddon's forces at Hanigalbat, a city in the western parts of the empire.
Arda-Mulissu and Sharezer fled to the Kingdom of Urartu in the north, an old rival of Assyria, and Esarhaddon successfully took the throne six weeks after Sennacherib's death.
The eventual fate of Arda-Mulissu and Sharezer is unknown, but they continued to live as exiles in Urartu for several years.
The murder of Sennacherib, ruler of the mightiest empire on the planet at his time, was shocking to his contemporaries and was received with strong emotion and mixed feelings throughout Mesopotamia and the rest of the Ancient Near East.
In the Levant and in Babylonia the news were celebrated and proclaimed as divine punishment due to Sennacherib's brutal campaigns against these regions while in Assyria, the reaction was probably resentment and horror.
The event was recorded in numerous sources and is even mentioned in the Bible (; ), wherein Arda-Mulissu is called Adrammelech.
Zaabalawi () is a symbolic story written by the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988.
Some of Mahfouz's writing were influenced by philosophical literature which allowed him to raise some questions about the social and traditional restrictions and sometimes it rebel on the regulations, and that causes many troubles to the authors and to the philosophers generally.
In this period, my view of religion was characterized by some emancipation, but I emphasize that it was a liberal view and not an infidel.
Although I do not believe in the ideas and beliefs of Sufism as the Sufis believe, I found in reading their books and contemplated great mental and psychological comfort.
The search for Zaabalawi has been on a downward path from the highest forms of knowledge to the lowest, and most recently to the oldest: from science to art to Sufi intuition, and no one can say that complete disappointment was the fruit of this reverse journey.
All that there is that the presence of Zaabalawi has become at the conclusion of the trip by virtue of certain but not confirmed only to make sure with him cannot meet and access.
The narrator then mentioned the reason for his search for Sheikh Zaabalawi, and the reason is that he is suffering from a disease that has no medicine.
Asking People and shops in the neighborhoods about Zaabalawi, and it turns out that the majority of people have never heard of him.
And some started to talk about the good days that they have spent with Zaabalawi, and others made fun of him and they told him to go to see a doctor but the narrator responded that he already did, but that was useless.There was no result, and the narrator returned to his house with no hope.
And perhaps spend days and months looking for him to no avail, Sheikh painted a map of the place in the smallest details and Present it to the narrator to make it easier for him to search for Zaabalawi.
The narrator continues his search from a shop to a neighborhood to a mosque until he was told to go to a calligrapher named Hassanein residing in Umm Ghulam.
Indeed, the narrator went to the calligrapher shop and found Hassanein surrounded by paintings engraved the name of God in the middle of a painting.
The narrator asked him about Zaabalawi and Hassanein replied that it was difficult to meet, because he appears without a date and cuts off suddenly.
And ended his speech by leading the narrator to a person called Wannis Al-Damanhouri who spends his time in a bar inside a hotel and he may know where Zaabalawi is.The narrator went to the bar to find Al Haj Wannis sitting at a table alone drinking wine.
The narrator drank the first and second cup and he forgot why he came, by finishing the fourth cup he fell in a deep sleep.
Here the story ends and the narrator is still looking for Zaabalawi and whenever he feels disappointed he remembers his sickness and he thinks of Zaabalawi to continue his search for him.
One of the most important themes that the story provides is the theme of quest, as we see from the beginning of the story, the narrator has no direct clear destination that has a meaning, or the thing that he is searching for really exists.
But instead he is in a searching loop that will never end and that was causing him more sickness that the only thing that could cure it is meeting Sheikh Zaabalawi and then the searching journey will end.
Because the sickness that the narrator suffers from is a psychological and even spiritual sickness not a physical one, we saw that the narrator was searching alone, with no company to ease his pressure and that might refer to the Islamic religion because the believer of Allah does not have a priest to confess to.
Our narrator's search throughout Cairo, besides moving from West to East, as evidenced in the dress of those whom he meets, is also a movement towards timelessness, evanescence, the eternal now.
While he is moving closer to the lived religious experience, the decay of the surroundings, and the fact that this mere prologue to a man is engaged in commerce surrounding what should be a non-commercial activity, tells us that we are still far removed from the mystical experience.
The other shopkeepers in the area only reinforce this reading, as they have either not heard of Zaabalawi or they openly make fun of him.
That is, the Sharia, Hadith, and other interpretations of the Qur'an and the Prophet's life have been around since the inception of Islam.
The local magistrate of the district is the narrator's next stop, and he is presented with a well drawn-out plan for canvassing the entire area.
However, we know that we are getting closer to the truth, because this man, at least, knows that Zaabalawi is still alive.
The prayer of supplication which the Sheikh offers is the first time any one of our narrator's erstwhile helpers has mentioned God.
In mentioning the dervishes, the Sheikh has introduced one of the great strands of Sufism, and alluded to Hadhra, one of the five major Sufi practices.
But again, the Sheikh is a political leader, a field hardly concerned with the momentary, but rather interested in creating institutions which will last.
A calligrapher is the next stop for the narrator, and here we move closer to the capture of the present moment.
The narrator interrupts him at his easel, only to find that Zaabalawi has not been to see him in a long time.
We could take Schopenhauer's approach, where music is the most pure expression of the Universal Will, and it analogously reflects, within its harmony, melodies, rhythm and meter, the structure of the physical world.
This will serve to illustrate the great power of music, but it does not address why Mahfouz places it here, near the core of our narrator's experience.
Ernst Roth, the great music publisher, offers an explanation as to why this is so: The musical score, or whatever the graphic representation of music may be called, does not constitute the work in the same simple sense as a canvas or a printed page constitutes a visual or literary work.
Neither can the real meaning be laid down once and for all, as in the other arts; it must be guessed at or sensed.
(Preface) This recognition of the presentness of music, of the existence of music only in the now, is Mahfouz's first use of the mystical state.
When you think on it, you are not thinking on music, but only on your experience of it, your memory of it.
We have moved from law to commerce to politics to calligraphy to music, and at every step we have come closer to the evanescent, and the ineffable.
Most Muslims who devoted their major efforts to developing the spiritual dimensions of the human person came to be known as Sufis.
A Sufi is someone who is striving to or has mastered his or her ego and attained a higher state of consciousness and union with the Godhead.
The goal of the Sufi Path is for the drop of water (the individual self) to merge with the Ocean of Being from whence it came.
This summarizes the Sufi quest of not just seeking a union with the Divine Being, but the realization of the truth that the mystic is one with the Divine.
According to Hujwiri, the first Sufi in India, he who is purified by love is pure, and he who is absorbed in the Beloved and has abandoned all else is a Sufi.
Attack on fossilized religious institutions; only certain figures such as artists (musicians, the calligrapher) and the drunk seem to be in contact with the truth symbolized by Zaabalawi.
An allegory hinting at the possible human significance of religion and its supposedly transcendental symbols; an attempt to redefine God in human, social, and earthly terms.
In Mahfouz's vision those who only seek personal gain and profit are distanced from the truth and genuine fulfillment; the happiness of the individual can only come through social engagement and contact with others, the merging of the self into a harmonious human collectivity.
Likewise, the unnamed protagonist's desperate quest for Sheikh Zaabalawi is an allegory of modern man's futile search for God within a corrupt world where humanity has surrendered to materialism long ago.
Indeed, the scene depicting the protagonist's inquiry of the bookseller in front of the Birgawi Residence where Zaabalawi once lived confirmed El-Enany's idea in that the deserted building now looks like a wasteland, occupied only by heaps of rubbish.
Orhan Pamuk A Strangeness In My Mind; It is an urban novel chronicling the life and love story of an Istanbul street vendor named Mevlut Karataş.
The underlying theme in the novel, that is the process of Istanbul’s transformation from a stagnated city into a booming metropolis, unfolds parallel to the changes taking place in the protagonist’s life.
Within this period the protagonist, his relatives, and acquaintances witness and narrate the socio-political, cultural, economic, and environmental changes Istanbul undergoes from multiple perspectives.
Mevlut comes to Istanbul at the age of twelve to accompany his father who has already migrated to the metropolis from a Central Anatolian village.
Turkish people’s general motive for internal migration at those times was to attain various job opportunities available in the city and earn money that would provide the rest of the family with a decent living either in a rural town or in a poor quarter of the city.
The objectives initially include obtaining a well-paid job or investing in a promisingly profitable city commerce that would lead to property ownership, and quick access to all the social facilities like education for the children.
Thus, following the same path of his fellow immigrant workers, Mevlut’s father settles in a desolate slum which is located quite far from the city centre.
Until Mevlut drops out of high school education, his daily routine consists of going to the school during day time and helping his father selling boza-a.
After the dream of climbing the social ladder through getting a proper education ends, Mevlut falls in love with a girl with stunning dark eyes at a wedding, and spends three years writing love letters to the girl who is living in a neighbouring village close to his.
Mevlut's naive, shy, and compassionate nature prevents him from rejecting his wife and thus he accepts the fate imposed on him.
The listed buildings consist of a farmhouse, two road bridges, one over the Trent and Mersey Canal, and the other over the River Trent, a former engine house, and a church.
The building was listed for the quality of the Victorian design, especially the front of the building, its association with Joseph Wright, and for retaining its original arrangement internally.
It has two central front doors, each capped by a rounded arch and a triangular pediment and flanked by columns with foliate capitals.
After retirement, Cosmoc was a respectable football manager, managing for years in the Divizia A and obtaining notable results with clubs such as: Farul Constanța, Bihor Oradea, Progresul Brăila, CSM Suceava or Rapid București.
One such inscription details Sennacherib giving him a house in the city of Assur, which at this point was no longer the capital of Assyria but still remained an important ceremonial center.
The fact that Ashur-ili-muballissu is not mentioned when Esarhaddon is designated as crown prince in 684 BC and Sennacherib's third son Arda-Mulissu is angered at being passed over suggests that Ashur-ili-muballissu was either dead by then or ineligible for the kingship.
He moved to Christchurch in 1963, and studied at the University of Canterbury, where his lecturers included Rudi Gopas and Bill Sutton.
He continued his education in Hawaii at the Honolulu Academy of Arts, before returning to the University of Canterbury, where he was senior lecturer in printmaking from 1978 to 1990.
Cleavin has received numerous awards for his art, notably becoming the Fulbright Fellow at The Tamarind Institute of Lithography, Albuquerque in 1983.
He was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the arts, in the 2001 New Year Honours.
His works are hallmarked by a wry surrealism and punning titles, using recurring motifs of animal skeletons, silhouetted horsemen, and shadow patterns.
The season received critical acclaim from critics, largely due to the emotional storyline involving Captain Phil Harris, who died in February 2010 after suffering from a stroke.
Lakes Creek rises in a pond on the Duncombe Creek divide about 0.25 miles north of Eleazer, North Carolina in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Lakes Creek drains of area, receives about 47.4 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 322.46 and is about 88% forested.
The series is set in the world of drug trafficking in the Barcelona of the 60s, and is stars Adriana Ugarte, along to Eduardo Noriega, and Javier Rey.
The first season is composed of 8 episodes of one hour, and became available for streaming worldwide on Netflix on 1 November 2019.
On 21 November 2019 it was confirmed that the series had been renewed for a second season, which is scheduled to premiere in 2020.
Sócrates García (Cantinflas) is a primary school teacher who is assigned by the principal of the school he works in to administer another school located in the town of El Romeral, as he is the only teacher from that school who is single.
There is also Doña Hortensia (Marga López), who asks Sócrates to address the people a few words, but while he gave his speech the floor of the platform he was in collapses.
First, Sócrates asks Hortensia for some photos; she, without knowing his intentions, brings them, and then Sócrates tells her that the photos are for his wallet.
Then, Sócrates takes his students to a field trip and, despite the apparent inexperience of Sócrates to camp (despite wearing a boy scout uniform), manages to make his students more loyal to him, to the point that they to dismantle the canteen that was put in place of the school, unleashing a fight in which Sócrates finally rescues his students.
A frustrated Sócrates at first decides to leave the town, but the love of Hortensia and the loyalty of his students make him change his mind.
The announcement that the Governor of the state (Arturo de Córdova) will make a visit to the town represents a salvation for Sócrates and the townspeople themselves.
Although Don Margarito and his henchmen kidnap Sócrates to force the people to remain silent, his students manage to rescue him after convincing Felipe to reveal his whereabouts (as Felipe's father is one of Don Margarito's henchmen), in a small hut, and Sócrates gives the Governor documents that reveal the dirty maneuvers that Don Margarito made with the municipal president to illegally take land from peasants.
After discovering the fraud that was being done to the peasants, Sócrates asks the Governor to build a decent school; the Governor grants the request.
The film ends in front of the new school, with Sócrates and Hortensia walking together as the students sing to them.
Jaipur – Secunderabad Express is a Express train belonging to North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between and in India.
On 25 May 2013, this Special train was converted into Express train with new numbered 19713 / 14 and became the fourth weekly train running between the Jaipur and Hyderabad corridor and also the rake maintenance was also transferred to North Western Railways.
The frequency of this train is weekly, it covers the distance of 1735 km with an average speed of 52 km/hr.
It enlists three plays of Shakespeare, and admires the characterisation of three main characters, pointing out the psychological reflectiveness of each.
The lyrics use the Eastern name order, probably to strengthen the idea represented in the chorus: that William Shakespeare has no equal in the songwriter’s country, Hungary.
He was incarcerated for three years from 1964 to 1967 because of his participation in the coup against the Leon Mba, Gabon's first President.
Duncombe Creek drains of area, receives about 47.5 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 364.55 and is about 79% forested.
Unlike her brothers Arda-Mulissu and Sharezer (who were killed by Esarhaddon after they had murdered their father), Shadittu retained an important position at the royal court (being mentioned at the capital of Nineveh as late as 672 BC, several years into Esarhaddon's reign) even after the death of Sennacherib and protective rituals were carried out by the priests on her behalf.
It is possible that this continued prominence was due to Shadittu possibly being the daughter of Naqi'a (Esarhaddon's mother), which many of Sennacherib's other children weren't.
Kemmers undertook her undergraduate degree in archaeology in 1996 at the University of Amsterdam, and following her MA moved to Radboud University Nijmegen in 2000 to work on her PhD.
Kemmers' doctoral work focused on Roman coins found at the legionary fortress of Nijmegen, examining the use and supply of coins in the Lower Rhine region in the first century AD.
In 2003, Kemmers also worked at the Royal Dutch Museum of Coins and Medals in Leiden, publishing coins from the auxiliary fort of Albaniana.
Following her PhD, Kemmers continued to work at Radboud University Nijmegen as a postdoctoral researcher working on Roman coins in the Severan period military, and as a university lecturer from 2008-9.
In 2010, Kemmers joined the Classical Archaeology department at Goethe University Frankfurt as Lichtenberg Professor for Coinage and Money in the Graeco-Roman World, becoming a full professor in 2016.
In Frankfurt, Kemmers has continued to work on Roman coins, including an exhibition of coins in the collection of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in 2014.
In 2017 Kemmers presented research co-led with Dr Katrin Westner on the analysis of Roman silver coins proving a change in metal composition and the spread of silver from Spain following the defeat of Hannibal.
She was 225 ft long, 41 ft wide and of 1,700 tons builders measurement, and armed with 16 × 8n, 1 × 7in and 4 × 40pdr guns.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place for the second and subsequent meetings of Waterford County Council.
The county council established their County Secretary's Office at Arus Brugha at Davitt's Quay in the early-20th century before moving to modern Civic Offices at Davitt's Quay in 1999.
It is a joint enterprise of the Research Institute of Korean Studies (RIKS) at Korea University and the Institute of East Asian Studies (IEAS) at the University of California, Berkeley.
After graduating from Oxford, Story enlisted in the Leicestershire Yeomanry as a cornet in January 1832, with promotion to the rank of lieutenant in September 1835.
Story made his debut in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South in 1858, making a total of four appearances in the fixture to 1861.
Besides his brief first-class career, Story had a long association with Derbyshire prior to the formation of Derbyshire County Cricket Club.
He ended his military career with the Leicestershire Yeomanry as a major, in addition to serving as a justice of the peace.
He died at his home at Lockington Hall in January 1872 and was survived by his wife, whom he had married in 1833.
Krom married Peder Sather, a trustee of the University of California, in 1882 after the death of her first husband and Peder's first wife.
She initially donated $75,000 to the university in 1900, and later a parcel of land in Oakland; further bequests of land and money were made in subsequent years.
Benjamin Ide Wheeler, President of the University of California from 1899 to 1919, encouraged Jane Sather to found the Sather Professorship of Classical Literature; this enables a distinguished classical scholar to spend a term in Berkeley every year.
Beda Angehrn (* 7 December 1725 in Hagenwil, modern day Amriswil; † 19 May 1796 in St. Gallen) was prince-abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1767 until 1796.
Pope Clement XIII confirmed the election on 27 April 1767, while the benediction was given by the Nuncio on 8 September 1767.
During the Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942, he was a pilot in a Torpedo Plane assault against Japanese naval units from which he never returned.
This house was likely under construction around 700 BC and it is likely that Ashur-shumu-ushabshi died before it was completed as some of the bricks featuring inscriptions relating to its construction was found at the city Assur, suggesting that they had been repurposed there.
The 2019 Diriyah ePrix was a pair Formula E electric car race held at the Riyadh Street Circuit in the town of Diriyah, north-west of Riyadh, in Saudi Arabia on 22 and 23 November 2019; the first race was held on 22 November and the second on 23 November.
It formed the first and second rounds the first round of the 2019–20 Formula E season, the second edition of the Diriyah ePrix.
The event took place at the Intercontinental Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos and honoured nominees who had made significant impact in the year in diverse categories.
The event was hosted by R&B singer, Darey Art Alade, and South African media personality, Bonang Matheba and had the likes of Tanzania’s Diamond Platnumz, D'banj, Ndidi Okonkwo Nwuneli, Tara Fela-Durotoye, Obiageli Ezekwesili, Omawumi and Celebrities alike, in attendance.
The award is held in partnership with the British High Commission, the Ford Foundation, Microsoft, the US Consulate, Canadian High Commission, Sterling Bank Plc.
This occurred in the presence of emperor Charles III, who would go on to confirm the abbey's immunity and right of inquisition four years later (884).
The deposition is documented in Arnulf's documents from 14 May 890 as well as documents of Louis the child from 24 June 903.
He is a graduate of the CasAzul School of Performing Arts, where he was an outstanding student and full of versatility.
She was honored as one of MIT Technology Review's Innovators under 35 in 2014 and one of the Science News 10 scientists to watch in 2019.
She then moved to MIT, where she completed her master's degree in electrical engineering and computer science in 2006 and her PhD in 2011.
She held a faculty position at Cornell University, before moving to the University of Southern California, where she is currently an assistant professor and Viterbi Early Career Chair within the USC Viterbi School of Engineering.
While pursuing her graduate degree at MIT, Shanechi became interested in decoding the brain, the idea of reading out the original meaning from brain signals.
She developed an algorithm to determine where a monkey wanted to point the cursor on a screen based on the animal's brain activity.
She later improved upon her work by including high-rate decoding, meaning the decoding happened over a few milliseconds, rather than every 100 milliseconds, which is the standard for traditional methods.
In 2013 she developed a brain decoding method that could help automatically control the amount of anesthesia that is to be administered to a patient.
Her team, which included colleagues from Massachusetts General Hospital and Massachusetts Institute of Technology was able to control the depth of the medically-induced coma in rodents automatically based on their brain activity.
Using the data about the mood and the brain activity, Shanechi's lab was able to match the two together and decipher which brain activity was related to which mood.
In the future, Shanechi wants to develop this technique in order to stimulate the brain automatically when a change in mood is detected.
Almaas Elman (died 20 November 2019) was a Somali-Canadian humanitarian aid worker, the eldest daughter of a prominent family of humanitarian aid-workers.
In the 2010–11 season, MC El Eulma is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 3rd season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
The film features newcomers Ajith Chander and Radhika Menon in lead roles, with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Ranjith, Ravikumar, Karunas, Kaka Radhakrishnan, Charuhasan, Fathima Babu and Kamala Kamesh playing supporting roles.
Jeeva (Ajith Chander) is a carefree youngster who lives with his parents in Chennai and his father Vijayarangam (S. P. Balasubrahmanyam) is a wealthy businessman who spoils him and loves him more than anything.
During a trip in Kodaikanal, Jeeva falls under the spell of Priya (Radhika Menon) and gives her a rose for a television show but she slaps him in front of the camera.
One day, Jeeva finds Priya's brother lying in the street after an accident and he admits him to the hospital thus saving his life.
Vijayarangam strongly supports his son's love and he plans to arrange his son's wedding on the same day and at the same wedding hall.
Newcomer Ajith Chander, an engineer from Chennai, was cast to play the hero while Radhika Menon from Mumbai was selected to play his love interest.
In 2007 the McAllisters founded the Canadian wildlife conservation organization Pacific Wild, which works to bring awareness to conservation issues in the Great Bear Rainforest through visual storytelling, education and engagement whilst advocating for wildlife and their habitat.
His images have been featured on the front cover of National Geographic Magazine and he is currently directing development of two new IMAX films.
In 2019, McAllister was given and award for Best Cinematography by the Giant Screen Cinema Association, as well as an award for Best Engaging Youth Film by Jackson Wild Media.
He was camerarius, sacristan and deacon under the leadership of Abbot Berchtold von Falkenstein (1244-1272) and his immediate successor, Heinrich III von Wartenberg (1272-1274) until the death of the latter.
He staged an economic buy-out of the abbey while disputes with abbey subjects in Appenzell and the Klostervogt were exacerbating the state of affairs.
It is thought to be the first reference of Appenzeller cheese, as the abbot was to be given 60 cheese loaves a year from the village of Gais, each roughly worth eight denarii.
Anne-Marie La Bonnardière (1906-1998) was a scholar of St Augustine, known for her work on the influence of the bible on St Augustine's writing.
She worked at a secondary school in Lyon until it was closed due to the outbreak of the Second World War, after which she moved to teach at the Lycée Français de Barcelone.
La Bonnardière's work focused on the influence of the bible on the writings of St Augustine, and made possible the dating of many of Augustine's works.
Cliodynamics is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original articles advancing the state of theoretical knowledge in the transdisciplinary area of cliodynamics.
The Com-Pac 25 is a development of the Watkins 25, which was based upon the molds for the Columbia 24, which in turn came from the Islander 24.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a near-plumb transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
Heinrich von Ramstein (* before 1230; † 22 July 1318) was abbot of the benedictine Abbey of Saint Gall from 1301 until 1318.
It is not recorded whether Heinrich von Ramstein was related to his predecessor Rumo von Ramstein or the abbot of Reichenau Abbey, Albrecht von Ramstein.
He was probably one of four contemporary Heinrichs who lived among the members of the convent who were eligible to vote in 1270.
The election is regarded as ambivalent, since he was at odds with his opponent Ulrich von Trauchburg and had to settle the dispute with compensational income.
The protests and wishes of Conventuals were so great that he had to name his brother Diethelm as guardian of the abbey for three years.
The death of the king did not solve the issue, as King Henry VII did not cater to Abbot Heinrich's wishes.
A settlement of the pledge sum of 1300 Mark, which was agreed upon with Adolf of Nassau was reached on 22 April 1311.
The city and the abbey fell victim to a devastating fire on 13 October 1314, prompting Heinrich to task Provost Heinrich von Lupfen and the citizen Konrad Kuchimeister with the reconstruction of the abbey.
Under the Armed Career Criminal Act, defendants with three or more violent felonies can face higher sentences when subsequently convicted of a federal firearms-related offense.
This case was notable because it was the first Supreme Court case heard by Brett Kavanaugh following his appointment to the Supreme Court, and because of the 'unusual' distribution of votes, with Stephen Breyer siding with the more conservative wing of the Court to uphold the 11th circuit's ruling.
The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), a federal law passed in 1984, requires a mandatory 15-year sentence to firearms defendants convicted of three or more violent felonies.
In 2015, Florida man Denard Stokeling, who had 3 previous convictions for home invasion, kidnapping, and robbery, was arrested during the investigation of a robbery at a Miami Beach restaurant.
After Stokeling pled guilty to the firearms charge, prosecutors argued that he should be sentenced under the provisions of the Armed Career Criminal Act, which imposed a mandatory 15-year sentence due to his previous 3 convictions.
Stokeling appealed his sentencing under the ACCA, arguing that his previous robbery conviction -- an incident in which Stokeling snatched a necklace from a victim -- did not qualify as a 'violent' felony.
Specifically, his argument was that the Florida robbery statute did not meet the elements of a violent felony under the ACCA since he could have been convicted even without evidence that he used violent force to overcome his victim's resistance, under the terms of the law.
Stokeling appealed his sentence to the Southern District of Florida Court, which evaluated whether the specific facts and circumstances of Stokeling's prior necklace-snatching conviction was sufficient to meet the requirements of the ACCA.
The District Court held that Stokeling's prior robbery conviction did not meet the requirements and reduced his mandatory minimum sentence by half.
Stokeling appealed his case to the Supreme Court in August 2017 and the Supreme Court granted his writ of certiorari in April 2018.
Stokeling was represented by Brenda Bryn of the Office of the Federal Public Defender of the Southern District Court of Florida.
The Supreme Court upheld the Eleventh Circuit's ruling In a 5-4 decision, Justice Clarence Thomas wrote that the Florida statute fit within the guideline set by past Supreme Court precedent and the current interpretation of the Armed Career Criminal Act.
Thomas's opinion was heavily grounded in common law jurisprudence and legislative history, and noted that between 31 and 46 states had statutes that mirrored Florida's and that Congress had intended to accommodate rather than invalidate these statutes.
In her dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor noted that Congress did not explicitly adopt the common law definition for robbery, and that the interpretation adopted by the majority would encompass too broad a range of crimes.
Anna Isabel Fox (1890 – 1974), later Anna F. Smith, was an American educator and a Christian missionary in the Philippines.
Fox served in the Philippines for eight years, from 1918 to 1927, as founder and first principal of a women's Bible school and dormitory in Cagayan province.
Her sisters Florence Lesley Fox, a nurse, and Grace Evelyn Fox, an educator, followed her into mission work in the Philippines, in 1920 and 1923 respectively.
Today the Fox sisters are remembered as noted figures in the history of the United Church of Christ of the Philippines in Cagayan de Oro.
By the end of November, it had claimed nearly 5,000 fatalities, while it was estimated that close to 250,000 people had been infected.
In response, a vaccination program had been set up by the Ministry of Public Health with the aim to vaccinate more than 20 million children under the age of five.
They said that the most frequent visitors to the monument are the Arale Mahad and Ali Gheri, due to the fact that they were the most persistent dervishes.
This Haji Muhammad Abdullah belongs to the Habr Suleiman Ogaden tribe; he married into the Dolbahanta Ali Gheri, amongst whom he now lives.
James Hayes Sadler, who was consul general, held the most senior position within the Somali Coast protectorate at the turn of the 20th century.
... the events of the past few months now force us to exercise greater interference than I should have contemplated for some time to come.
According to the Darawiish war veterans Soofe Durraan, and Cabdi-yaar Cali Guleed, the creators of the Darawiish were predominantly clergymen who were on their way to the Arale Mahad town of Dareema Caddo, whom included Aw Cabbaas Xuseen, Aadan Seed, Obsiiye Seed, Ismail Mire and Maxamuud Dheri.
and consciences were salved by the reflection that our obligation to protect the tribe from the man whom they themselves had created, supported and followed was less than our obligations to the Ishaak tribes who had for the most part resisted the movement from its very start.
She is a classics expert, linguist, and a former speechwriter for Italian prime minister Matteo Renzi and the Italian Democratic Party.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual and physical channel 14, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 Station Group.
After their seizure from the builders, was bought for £9,591 (including £4,187 for the machinery) plus £715 for excess of tonnage on the ship , £2,206 for modifications made for British service.
was bought for £16,607 (including £4,187 for the machinery) plus £715 for excessive tonnage and £1,883 in modifications for British service.
As it inherently provides that much is left to the imagination, being a subjective experience, as of 2019 it has become largely the purview of female producers and is increasing in popularity.
On July 16, 2015, the Atlanta Braves and concert promoter Live Nation announced a deal to develop and manage the long-planned entertainment venue adjacent to SunTrust Park.
Named in homage to the old Roxy Theatre that was torn down in 1972, the venue was announced to have standing-room-only capacity for 4,000 and feature about 40 music and comic shows annually, was designed to help drive activity to the site on non-gamedays, and planned to host special events.
The Monastery of Panagia Molyvdoskepastos () is a male Greek Orthodox monastery at Molyvdoskepastos, near Konitsa, Epirus, in North Western Greece.
It is located just a few hundred meters from the Greek–Albanian border and 400 meters from the confluence of the Aoos and the Sarantaporos rivers, at the foot of mount Meropi-Nemertsika.
Its unique setting together with its long history makes this monasterial complex one of the most prestigious monuments in the wider region of Epirus and a point of reference for Greek history.
According to an inscription of 1561, the monastery was founded in the 7th century by Emperor Constantine Pogonatos (), to whom the establishment of the Archbishopric of Pogoniani is also attributed.
Furthermore, the earliest remains in the area date to no earlier than the 11th century (ruined church of St. Demetrios), and the catholicon of the monastery dates to the 13th/14th century.
Indicatively, in the 14th century a school for scribes was set up in which priest-teachers taught the art of transcription of manuscripts to monks and lay people.
Outside its walls, to the northwest, there was a large commercial center the so called, even today, Pazari area, which assisted the monastery’s finances.
In 1988 the monastery was manned once more by the present day brotherhood with the encouragement and guidance of the recently canonized Saint Paisios the Athonite and the blessings of the late Metropolitan Sebastianos.
The catholicon of the monastery features a unique architectural style which evolved with the gradual increase of the Monastery’s needs, both liturgical and practical.
The existing frescoes of the catholicon are in some places in three successive layers: one Byzantine and two post – Byzantine.
Nowadays both layers, although overlapping, can be discerned in the lower parts of the western wing of the cross- vaulted section.
There are historical references to a number of thefts of the icon as well as its subsequent return to the monastery.
Emil Altobello (born July 8, 1949) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 82nd district since 1995.
Biscuit cake is a type of no bake tea cake, similar to American icebox cake, found in Irish, English, Danish and Jewish cuisine.
Molded in a terrine or loaf pan, the batter is prepared by simmering water with butter, sugar, chocolate chips and cocoa until a smooth mixture is obtained.
The chocolate biscuit cake made by the Royal Kitchens of Buckingham Palace is reportedly a favorite tea cake of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince William.
On July 30, 2019, California governor Gavin Newsom signed a law, effective immediately, requiring that all presidential candidates release five years of tax returns in order to be eligible for the state primary.
In August 2019, Trump sued the State of California, seeking to block implementation of the law (SB 27), asserting that the law is unconstitutional.
After Governor Newsom signed the bill, the Republican state committee met in emergency session to set up an alternative convention in order to give him all their delegates should the secretary of state bar him because of his refusal to submit his taxes.
To qualify for ballot access, a candidate must be determined by the Secretary of State to be a generally-recognized candidate, or by circulating nomination papers.
Among the challengers to President Trump who have submitted their applications with enough qualifications are New York advertising executive Robert Ardini and Manhattan Beach attorney Matthew Matern.
Her PhD, awarded by the University of Edinburgh, is published by kalliope paperbacks under the title, Yvonne Vera: The Voice of Cloth (2008).
She is also a member of the editorial board of TEXTILE: the journal of cloth & culture (Taylor & Francis) and Craft Research (Intellect).
Based on her editorial project Cultural Threads, Hemmings curated Migrations, an international travelling exhibition gallery, which traveled 2015– 2017 around the globe.
The two main ethnic groups of the village are the Saraikis in the southern parts, and Muhajir Rajputs in the north.
Jaipur – Lucknow Express is a Express train belonging to North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between and in India.
This train was inaugurated on 4 February 2014 and became the direct train running between the two-state capitals of India and also it becomes the 13th train of Jaipur and Lucknow corridor.
The frequency of this train is weekly, it covers the distance of 674 km with an average speed of 50 km/hr.
Mamadou Traoré (born May 11, 1973), known as The Bare-Handed Killer, is a Senegalese-born French serial rapist and murderer, responsible for assaulting at least six women, killing two of them, between April and October 1996.
Traoré was born on May 11, 1973 in Joal-Fadiouth, Senegal, the son of Sidiki Traoré, a Bambara man who moved to Paris to work as a railway worker, and Anna Faye, a Serer woman who had practised voodoo rituals on Mamadou since his birth.
When he was three years old, he joined his father in France, followed by his mother and brother, Ousseynou, a year later.
Mamadou spent his childhood in Paris, where his two sisters were born in 1978 and 1980.His schooling was rather disturbed: at the kindergarten in Choisy, he was sometimes violent and aggressive (biting his teacher), and at others very kind.
In 1986, his parents separated, and Mamadou blamed the divorce on his father, whom he accused of spending all the money on the home.
His father then got acquianted with a Mr. Yobo, whom Mamadou considered a usurper.Soon after, Traoré got involved in street crime.
He sold clothes with a cousin, and even had plans of marrying an Ivorian woman, from whom he contracted HIV.In 1994, he returned to France to do his military service, during which he learned that he had HIV, and then tried to reform himself.
On March 12, 1996, his mother, who had had two children from her new companion (a boy and a girl), kicked him out the house for smoking hashish.
He was rampant in area of Paris, particularly in the 12th and 13th arrondissements, striking his victims so violently that they no longer remembered their aggressor, remaining temporarily amnesiac and, moreover, disfigured.
He hit her twice to steal her bag, and then dragged her to the entrance hall of a building, close to where she lived.
He wanted to rob a house in the middle of the night, and managed to find one window which was open.
On the morning of August 25, around 5 PM, 45-year-old Nelly Bertrand was walking her dog before going to work at the Austerlitz station.
Suddenly, she was attacked by Traoré, whom struck her many times, dragging her into a nearby building's elevator and then down the stairs until he reached the front door of the top floor.
On the morning of October 22, around 4 PM, 20-year-old Marie-Astrid Clair, a modern literature student at the Sorbonne, was attacked by Traoré, whom had been stalking her, while she was dialing the doorway code to her home.
He dragged Laurence 125 meters away to the isolated exit area of the service staircase, where he continued hitting Eymieux, as well as molesting her.
Around 8 PM on the day of the crime, Annie, a neighbor who had just parked her car, had called out Mamadou, driving him out of the car park.
This extreme violence made the investigators think that he had used a bat, while in reality, he had used only his bare hands.
Philippe Bilger was the General Counsel, Philippe Lemaire was the lawyer of the fourth victim, Marie-Astrid Clair, and François Honnorat acted as Traoré's defense lawyer.
It is supposed that he is currently incarcerated at a psychiatric hospital rather in prison, because of his violent behavior towards fellow inmates and prison guards.
Susan Mailer (born August 28, 1949) is an American psychoanalyst, writer, and academic who has lived in Chile since the 1980s.
In 1951, her parents Norman Mailer and Beatrice Silverman divorced, and her mother moved to Mexico with her future husband Salvador.
Part of her decision to become a psychoanalyst stems from her early interest in narrative and the complexities of character exemplified by literary works introduced to her by her father.
She ultimately finds a kinship with her father through a shared search for human understanding: she as a psychoanalyst and he as a novelist.
Inspired by a vignette she wrote in 2013, Mailer decided to write the memoir from a daughter's perspective of her father — a view that no other book about Norman Mailer has taken.
Norman Mailer died in 2007, an event that Susan Mailer says was necessary for her to begin putting her relationship with him in perspective and to pick up the writer's pen.
In the same interview, Mailer discusses that while her father was still alive, the act of writing was too intimidating, but after his passing, she discovered she enjoyed uncovering the inner tapestry of her life in writing.
Mailer recounts the more intense and painful moments with her father and his public life, but also depicts the more private and personal details of their relationship .
She ultimately had to work through a largely negative view of her father who had come to sympathize with many of her father's opponents, particularly women.
Mailer credits her own 10-year clinical analysis for a deeper understanding about her relationship with her parents that led to the compassionate approach of her memoir.
She is a member of various professional associations, like the International Psychoanalytic Association and the International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy.
Curtis was born in Preston, Lancashire and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was a Prebendary of Leighlin Cathedral from 1731 to 1733; Archdeacon of Leighlin from 1733 to 1735; and Archdeacon of Ferns from 1735 until his death.
The 2020 season is SCG Muangthong United Football Club's 14th existence in the new era since they took over from Nongchok Pittaya Nusorn Football Club in 2007.
It is the 4th season in the Thai League and the club's 12th consecutive season in the top flight of the Thai football league system since promoted in the 2009 season.
The glass was invented by Otto Schott in 1884 in Jena, Germany, where he had established Schott AG with Ernst Abbe and Carl Zeiss.
Montse Watkins (Barcelona, August 27, 1955 – Kamakura, November 25, 2000) was a Spanish translator, fiction writer and essayist, editor and journalist who lived in Japan from 1985 until her passing in 2000.
As an editor and translator, she always chose works by deeply engaged authors such as Kenji Miyazawa, Natsume Sōseki, Osamu Dazai and Toson Shimazaki.
Montse Watkins Pedra was born in the neighborhood of La Salut (Gràcia district, Barcelona) on August 27, 1955, to Esteban Watkins Lafuente and María Teresa Pedra Gil.
There, Watkins went to a nun’s school (Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin), where she showed herself to be quite bright and to have a gift for languages.
For three years, she studied Japanese in the prestigious Saint Joseph’s Institute of Japanese Studies in Roppongi (Tokyo), run by Franciscan friars, while living in an apartment in Tokyo’s Itabashi municipality.
Along with her interest in Japanese language and culture, she now developed a concern for the conditions of the Latin American workers (mostly of Japanese ancestry) established in Japan from 1989 on, as a result of changes in this country’s migration policies.
Watkins wrote two key monographs about the arrival and presence of Latin Americans in Japan, a research field in which she is considered a pioneer as well.
In 1994 she founded Luna Books publishing house, where she published her own translations and those of other experts, journalistic essays and fiction works.
She wrote two journalistic essays about Latin Americans in that country, two collections of stories and a compilation of traditional legends; she translated eleven literary works, and published a collection of stories by Latino authors living in Japan.
The following is a list of international trips made by Kim Il-sung during his tenure as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and President of North Korea.
June 8, 2019 Metro Transit's second bus rapid transit line, the METRO C Line, opened with Brooklyn Center Transit Center as the line's northern terminus.
Before opening of the C Line, charging stations were installed for end-of-the-line charging of 8 battery electric buses used on the C Line.
In Thrall to the Claw (German: Im Banne der Kralle) is a 1921 Austrian silent film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Eugen Jensen, Gustav Diessl and Julius Strobl.
The village has 113 inhabitants and lies in the east of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 556 m on the Landstraße 742.
Born on 6 March 1945 in Copenhagen, Gudrun Bodil Nielsen was the third child of the dental technician Niels Otto Nielsen (1913–1952) and Ragnhild Eleonore Kirstine Hansen (1912–1992), a secretary.
After her father died of kidney problems when she was seven, she was brought up by her mother on the island of Amager, together with her two older brothers.
Shortly before she matriculated from school in 1964, she was introduced to the song writer Thøger Olesen (1923–1977) who engaged her as a singer at Tivoli's newly opened Vise-Vers-Hus.
In the 1960s, she collaborated with various singers and songwriters, including Georges Marinos, Frode Veddinge, Jens August Schade and Cornelis Vreeswijk.
Now part of the Copenhagen folk scene of the 1970s, inspired by the Canadian folk singer Joni Mitchell she developed her own style and wrote her own songs.
Causing something of a national scandal, it tells of how God looked down on forbidden erotic feelings although he knew nothing about sex as he never had any himself.
It led to one of Denmark's few court cases relating to blasphemy although both she and Danmarks Radio were freed of any crime a year later as the judge could see nothing provocative in the song.
I didn't even participate in the Red Stocking Movement because at the time I was living together with my daughter's father.
After suffering from cancer for a short period, Trille died at her home in Lars Tyndskids mark near Præstø on 17 October 2016, aged 71.
The 1964 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season.
The team's statistical leaders included Bobby Felts with 468 rushing yards and 10 touchdowns and Ernie Hart with 1,123 passing yards and 66 points scored.
Metal swarf, also known as chips or by other process-specific names (such as turnings, filings, or shavings), are pieces of metal that are the debris or waste resulting from machining or similar subtractive (material-removing) manufacturing processes.
Metal swarf can be small particles (such as the gritty swarf from grinding metal) or long, stringy tendrils (such as the springy chips from turning tough metals).
Chips can be extremely sharp, and this creates a safety problem, as they can cause serious injuries if not handled correctly.
those of brass or bronze), allows them to disperse widely by piggy-backing on soft materials and also to penetrate the skin as deep splinters.
Similarly, it is also standard training for machinists, and usually a standing workplace rule, to minimize or entirely avoid handling swarf by blowing chips away with compressed air, but this practice is considered burdensome or impractical by some machinists - the rule of thumb is to reduce the potential hazard by trying to eliminate the problem as far as reasonably practicable.
Alternatives to blowing chips away include vacuuming them away with an industrial vacuum (shop vacuum); gently washing them away with a coolant hose discharging at typical garden-hose pressures; or preventing their generation in the first place (for example, forming threads instead of cutting them).
It is not uncommon for chips flying off the cutter to be ejected with great force and to fly several metres.
These flying chips present a hazard that is deflected with safety glasses, face shields, and other personal protective equipment, as well as the sheet-metal enclosures (and polycarbonate windows) that surround most commercial computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools.
Caution should be exercised to avoid ignition sources when handling or storing swarf in loose form, especially swarf of pure magnesium, magnesium alloy, pure titanium, titanium alloy, iron, and non-stainless steel.
Some common engineering materials such as beryllium are hazardous when finely divided and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent exposure.
Metal swarf can usually be recycled, and this is the preferred method of disposal due to the environmental concerns regarding potential contamination with cutting fluid or tramp oil.
The ideal way to remove these liquids is by the use of a centrifuge which will separate the fluids from the metal, allowing both to be reclaimed and prepared for further treatment.
The 2019–20 Navy Midshipmen men's basketball team represents the United States Naval Academy during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Midshipmen are led by ninth-year head coach Ed DeChellis, and play their home games at Alumni Hall in Annapolis, Maryland as members of the Patriot League.
Some structural changes were carried out to the building following the merger of Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council to create Waterford City and County Council in 2014.
She debuted as an exclusive at JW Anderson's A/W 2018 show, selected by casting director Ashley Brokaw to open the show.
In the A/W 2019 season, she walked in 38 shows for brands including Chanel, Fendi, Versace, Stella McCartney, Michael Kors, Lanvin, and Victoria Beckham.
Robert Russell (c. 1858–18 May 1938) was an Irish mathematician and academic at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), who served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics (1917-1921).
He attended TCD, became a Scholar in 1877, and won the Brooke Prize, Bishop Law's Prize, McCullagh Prize, and Madden Prize.
He spent his whole career at TCD, at various times serving as Junior Bursar, Junior Dean, Registrar of Chambers, and from the early 1920s on, Senior Bursar.
He contested the Indian Northern & Western seat in the 1940 elections, but was defeated by B. D. Lakshman by 1,010 to 447 votes.
Following the 1950 elections, he was appointed to the Legislative Council as one of the two Indo-Fijian nominees by Governor Brian Freeston, and also became a member of the Executive Council, serving on both until 1953.
The 1981 League of Ireland Cup Final was the final match of the 1980–81 League of Ireland Cup, a knock-out association football competition played annually by clubs affiliated with the League of Ireland.
It was contested by Dundalk and Galway Rovers, and took place across two legs – with the first leg being played on 1 January 1981 at Terryland Park in Galway, and the second leg being played on 8 January 1981 at Oriel Park in Dundalk.
Galway elected to continue with the injured player in goals, and Dundalk subsequently failed to seriously challenge him, particularly as they then lost forward Mick Fairclough to injury a minute later.
But, despite the injury to Lally, they appeared happy to settle for the draw, which made them favourites going into the second leg.
His opposite number, Richie Blackmore, meanwhile, had little to do – as Galway's players were forced into defending on the edge of their own penalty area.
In the subsequent penalty shoot-out Dundalk missed two of their five penalties, while Galway missed two of their first four, leaving Lally to take their final kick to send the shoot-out to sudden-death.
The son of Charles Edward Faber (for whom Mount Faber in Singapore is named after), he was born at Fort St. George in British India in February 1832.
While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1853.
In 1862, he made a second appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at Lord's, during which he scored a century when he made exactly 100 in Gentlemen of the North first-innings.
Brian Hocking (22 September 1914 – 23 May 1974) was a Canadian entomologist known for his work in medical entomology on blood-sucking flies, particularly black-flies and mosquitoes.
He joined the University of Alberta in 1946, completing his masters and a Ph.D. (1953) before becoming a faculty member, a position he kept for the rest of his life.
He was a keen educator, and made numerous TV and radio programs, apart from helping develop the curriculum of Edmonton schools.
The listed buildings consist of houses, farmhouses, a public house, a church, and an accommodation bridge over the Trent and Mersey Canal.
Guyana's musical tradition and popular Culture of Guyana performers include Billy (William) Moore and had been one of the lead vocalists in the male group The Four Lords.
Dnevni rituali is the ninth studio album of the Croatian rock band Aerodrom, released through Croatia Records on 22 November 2019.
Audel Josiah O'Neil Laville (born in 14 September 2002), is a Dominican professional football player who plays for the Dominican national team.
He started his youth career to the Dominica U-20 team on 6 November 2018 in the 2018 CONCACAF U-20 Championship held in the United States, in a 2–1 victory against non-FIFA member Martinique.
Two weeks after the tournament, on 20 November, he made his senior debut in the CONCACAF Nations League qualifying against non-FIFA member, Sint Maarten in a 0–2 victory.
In 18 November 2019, Laville scored his first goal for Dominica against St. Vincent and the Grenadines in a 1–0 victory in the CONCACAF Nations League.
The 2019–20 Fresno State Bulldogs men's basketball team represent California State University, Fresno in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bulldogs are led by second-year head coach Justin Hutson and play their home games at the Save Mart Center as members of the Mountain West Conference.
In binary fission the DNA in the prokaryote is not condensed in structures similar to chromosomes, but make a copy of the DNA and the cell divides in half.
The ICFTU European Regional Organisation (ERO) was a regional trade union confederation, bringing together national federations of trade unions in Europe.
The confederation was established in April 1950 at a conference in Brussels, held on the initiative of the recently-formed International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU).
It was the first regional organisation established by the ICFTU, and was a new initiative, as the World Federation of Trade Unions and International Federation of Trade Unions had never set up regional bodies.
The organisation aimed to represent European trade unions in all regional matters, but in particular in relation to the expected establishment of a European Community.
The Committee of the Twenty-One was established in 1952, to liaise with the European Coal and Steel Community, and this was succeeded by the European Trade Union Secretariat (ETUS), representing trade union federations in the European Economic Community nations.
The ERO became marginalised, and after its general secretary, Walter Schevenels, died in 1966, its affiliates discussed a reorganisation, whereby the ETUS and the EFTA-TUC would affiliate to the ERO, and the ETUS general secretary would become the secretary of the ERO.
The proposal was rejected, and instead a plan was drawn up for the ERO to act as a liaison group between the ETUS and EFTA-TUC.
Kirki railway station () is a railway station in the small town of Kristoni, that serveres the nearby town of Kilkis, both in Kilkis in Central Macedonia, Greece.
Zakaria Hersi is a Swedish-Somali citizen, best known for his role in the development and propagation of a phone app called TrueCaller.
More recently he has served as the African director of TrueCaller, which signed up its one millionth paid subscriber in 2019.
Lord Howard's Battery is a former gun battery built in 1908–09 to defend the approach to HMNB Devonport through Plymouth Sound and Jennycliff Bay.
The battery was recommissioned in 1941 with the installation of two guns of the same type, and these remained in place until the battery's closure in 1946.
Natural rubber, which is harvested from a rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis is the base for many rubber compounds made using a two roll rubber mill.
In the 1830s, Edwin Chaffee developed a technology similar to the two roll rubber mills that are used in rubber production.
Chaffee then created the two roll rubber mill which shears and mixes the rubber by having two rolls rotate in opposite directions, at different speeds.
To produce the rubber used in tires, hoses, shoes and many other applications, the rubber first has to be created using a two roll rubber mill.
The opposing rotation directions and different speeds produces a combined shear and compression force on the material being mixed on the mill.
With open roll rubber mills, the operator may also be in charge of adding ingredients to the rubber while it is being mixed on the mill.
To help keep the rubber compound cool, often one of the rolls is hollow and can be hooked up to a cooling water line which then allows cool water to flow through the roll, cooling the metal roll and therefore the rubber.
While the process of operating a rubber mill sounds simple enough, it is very dangerous and many precautions are added to ensure the safety of the operator.
Because the two rolls of the mill are rolling inwards, it is easy for an individual’s hand to get sucked into the mill.
Safety features include emergency stop bars located 40” vertically above the rolls, which can be pulled at any time to stop the rolling of the mill.
Pressure sensitive body bars are also located at knee height so that the machine can be stopped by the operator tapping the bar with their knee.
There is also normally a safety operator, in addition to the main operator that is also trained to use the rubber mill and is trained on what to do in the case of an emergency situation.
Rubber compounding means incorporating rubber ingredients into a rubber mixture so it is evenly dispersed, then the rubber mixture is called a rubber compound.
This allows for better incorporation of materials, which leads to the mixing component, when the other materials for a compound are added.
The polymer can be a number of things, including natural rubber, such as of SMR CV, SMR 20, SMR L or a variety of synthetic rubbers such as nitrile(NBR) , ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), butyl, polycholorprene (CR), Polyisoprene (IR) and others.
The raw rubber after being masticated, in which normally for natural rubber, other ingredients needed to be compounded into the raw polymer either on a mixing Banbury Kneader or other rubber mixing machine then pass to two roll mill for dispersion and sheeting out for rubber compound that is suitable for molding dimension.
Rubbing compounding also can be mixed on two roll mill by sequentially adding the ingredient and fold, cut and roll the rubber to mix.
Ingredients added to make a rubber compound include oils, fillers and accelerator, which usually includes sulfur or peroxide, and may also include a metal oxide either as activator such as zinc oxide, in some cases as filler and also as activator.
He was Professor of Neotectonics at University College London from 1987 to 2001, and has been a scientific associate at the Natural History Museum, London since 2001.
His research is interdisciplinary, and involves the application of tectonics and planetary science on landscape change: this has led to him working alongside archaeologists and climatologists among others.
In 2012, he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.
María Genoveva Valentín Ruiz (born 13 October 1995) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sporting Cristal and the Peru women's national team.
These bibles signalled a significant change in the organization and structure of medieval bibles and were the template upon which the structure of the modern bible is based.
Up to the beginning of the 13th century there was no single structure for the order of the biblical books, and it was often presented in 4 volumes.
The Paris Bible was unique for its time, it was a pandect (complete single volume) with a uniform order, which is similar to the order of the modern Bible used today.
Between 1230 and 1280 AD this bible was copied more than frequently and spread more widely across Europe than any other copy of the Bible.
Paris Bible is the name given to bibles produced by scribes mainly in Paris and areas of Northern France although examples are believed to have originated in England and Italy.
However, scholars caution that the term is used too broadly as it is often confused with the ‘pocket bible’ which is applied to bibles produced from the 12th century onwards.
whilst the Paris Bible often shared this characteristic, the pocket bibles did not conform to the other features commonly present in the Paris Bible which was also produced in larger sizes, which marks it as not interchangeable with the term pocket bible.
However, this bible was different to its counterparts as it was often smaller than bibles used previously, making it easier to hold and carry, this led to it also being known as the portable bible.
Each pandect contained the apocryphal books, 64 prologues mostly based on the commentaries of Jerome and an index of the interpretations of Hebrew names (IHN).
This set them apart from the traditional breviary’s and psalters which were usually commissioned by the owner, with a distinct design, including illustrations which reflected their family history and status.
Whilst the bibles were still carefully copied and complete with decorated or historiated initials and pen flourishes in coloured ink, they were more aesthetically uniform.
However, their portability made them popular with students of theology and monks from the orders of the Dominican and Franciscan monasteries.
Examples of known Paris Bibles have been measured in the range of 50cm x 30 cm to 23cm x 16cm, although the latter is a very rare example.
This was achieved by using calf skin produced north of the Alps which was able to be processed on both sides, whilst retaining its white colouring and quality, which is a signature of most Paris Bibles.
It was impossible to detect the hair side from the flesh side on this vellum, making it an ideal parchment for the fine writing required on these smaller bibles.
The reduction in thickness of the vellum also required bookbinders to introduce senions (no link need an explanation) rather than quarternions so that leaves did not come loose from the bound spine due to them being so thin.
Due to vast number of leaves in these larger codices tracking systems had to be introduced to allow the bookbinder and illustrators to keep track of the leaves in a quire.
The length of the text was reduced through the use of common abbreviations, and the font size was reduced, often to 1 millimeter.
A further difference introduced in the Paris Bible is the use of common running headers, using alternating red and blue ink to aid readers and chapter numbers.
Scholars have disputed the fact that all Paris Bibles were single volume manuscripts as several two volume bibles are still in existence.
Several leading Book Historians have suggested that where there is evidence of highly decorated pages mid-way through a one volume bible it is evidence of a two-volume manuscript being rebound at a later date as one volume.
Bibles produced before 1230 were designed for medieval monks, priests and those members of the laity who were capable of reading Latin.
However, they did not engage with its content as a written text, they mainly heard it being proclaimed to them during the Mass.
The cycle of the Church and Orders of the differing monasteries had the order of reading designated to them annually, according to the liturgical canon.
The founding of a flurry of universities in the thirteenth century can be regarded as one of the major changes which determined how the Bible would change.
It was these changes which led to the desire to rearrange the format of the Bible in order that students, masters and preachers could retrieve information effectively.
Adding reading aids like running headers and chapter numbers allowed readers to find the Books of the Bible and essential text.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Beirut () is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Republic of Lebanon.
At the same time, the Indonesian embassy accredited to Lebanon also changed from the embassy in Cairo to the embassy in Damascus, Syria.
The diplomatic mission in Beirut was reopened as an embassy in 1996 with Dalindra Aman as the first Indonesian ambassador to Lebanon.
The Zapatero I Government was formed on 18 April 2004 following José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 16 April and his swearing-in on 17 April, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2004 Spanish general election.
Zapatero's first cabinet was composed mainly by members of the PSOE and its sister party, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), as well as a number of independents.
It succeeded the second Aznar government and was the Government of Spain from 18 April 2004 to 14 April 2008, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 10 March 2008 as a consequence of the 2008 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the two deputy prime ministers, 16 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's first government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
The Zapatero II Government was formed on 14 April 2008 following José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 11 April and his swearing-in on 12 April, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2008 Spanish general election.
Zapatero's second cabinet was composed mainly by members of the PSOE and its sister party, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), as well as a number of independents.
It succeeded the first Zapatero government and was the Government of Spain from 14 April 2008 to 22 December 2011, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 21 November 2011 as a consequence of the 2011 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the two deputy prime ministers, 17 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
The number of ministries was reduced to 15 after the ministries of Housing and Equality were merged into the Development and Health ministries.
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's second government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they will be automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
The team had received sanctioning from its country's governing body, Canada Soccer, but was denied by U.S. Soccer and the continental governing body of CONCACAF.
She graduated from the Nara Girl's Higher Normal School Natural History Department in March 1914, and she later became an assistant teacher at her alma mater.
She was married to , a prosecutor in the Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan, from 1927 until his death in 1942.
She was re-elected in the 1953 Japanese House of Councillors election, and she devoted her efforts to the enactment of the Prostitution Prevention Law.
She was a member of the committees for Central Youth Affairs, Prostitution Countermeasures, and Rehabilitation and Protection, and she was also the Chairman of the House of Councillors Library.
Kameel Ahmady is a Kurdish academic with British-Iranian nationality who was arrested by Iranian authorities in August 2019 and released in November 2019 on a $40,000 bail.
He is an anthropologist who studied at the University of Kent and in 2015, undertook the first comprehensive study of Female Genital Mutilation in Iran.
According to the Kurdistan Human Rights Network, Ahmady's home and car were searched by security officials, and some of his belongings were confiscated.
KHRN also reported that Ahmady had been working on two studies before he arrested, into LGBT communities and identity and ethnicity in Iran.
Ahmady's family told Radio Farda that prosecutors refused to tell them what he was charged with after he had been taken to Evin prison.
Ahmady's arrest comes in the context of the imprisonment of other British-Iranian dual nationals on charges of espionage, including Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe and Anoush Ashoori.
This page is about the longest winning streak in Volleyball sport, which means the most consecutive wins without any loses in all competitions, This winning streak belongs to The Egyptian club Al Ahly (volleyball) which started on 5 April 2017 till now.
the holder of that Record with 73 consecutive wins in a row started from started in 23 October 2012 till ended in 22th January 2014, .
The Rajoy I Government was formed on 22 December 2011 following Mariano Rajoy's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 20 December and his swearing-in on 21 December, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2011 Spanish general election.
It succeeded the second Zapatero government and was the Government of Spain from 22 December 2011 to 4 November 2016, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 21 December 2015 as a consequence of the 2015 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
From 21 December 2015, Rajoy's cabinet took on acting duties for the duration of the government formation process resulting from the 2015 general election.
A number of ministers renounced their posts throughout this period, with the ordinary discharge of duties of their ministries being transferred to other cabinet members as a result of Rajoy being unable to appoint replacements while in acting role.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, 13 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
Mariano Rajoy's first government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
The Rajoy II Government was formed on 4 November 2016 following Mariano Rajoy's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 29 October and his swearing-in on 31 October, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2016 Spanish general election.
It succeeded the first Rajoy government and was the Government of Spain from 4 November 2016 to 7 June 2018, a total of days, or .
The government was dismissed on 1 June 2018 when a motion of no confidence against Rajoy succeeded, but remained in acting capacity until Pedro Sánchez's government was sworn in.
The only cabinet change of Rajoy's second government took place on 8 March 2018, when Luis de Guindos stepped down as Minister of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness in order to become Vice President of the European Central Bank.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, 13 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
Mariano Rajoy's second government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
Football Crazy is a song about football first written in the 1880s, later recorded by Scots folk duo Robin Hall and Jimmie Macgregor.
Its southern terminus is at KY 1531 in Louisville and its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 60 (US 60) in Louisville.
During his trip he was not provided with the proper protocol by the Feni district and sessions judge, Md Firoz Alam.
The Maritime Component Commander (MCC) is the officer of Commodore rank who directs all the operational forces of the Royal New Zealand Navy.
MCC directs all the ships of the Navy and several subordinate captains and commanders, most resident several hundred kilometres to the north at Devonport Naval Base in Auckland.
The title was changed to Maritime Component Commander as of 1 July 2001, with the establishment of Headquarters Joint Forces New Zealand and the move of the incumbent from Devonport Naval Base in Auckland to HQ JFNZ, on Seddul Bahr Road in Upper Hutt facing Trentham Military Camp.
À peu près () is the debut studio album by French singer Pomme, released on October 6, 2017 through Polydor Records.
Marie-Geneviève Navarre (1737 – 1795) was a French portrait artist and miniaturist who created artwork in pastels and oils, though she is best known for her pastels.
Pastel portraiture became popular in France with the arrival of Rosalba Carriera from Venice, an artist of the Italian Rococo who was in great demand in Paris for her portraits in 1720 and 1721.
In the mid-18th century, it was problematic for female artists to exhibit their work; the prestigious Académie Royale seldom admitted work created by women.
Therefore, many women sought exhibition opportunities at the Académie de Saint-Luc, which was more welcoming, counting 130 women among its 4,500 artist-members.
Navarre was able to exhibit her paintings and drawings on three occasions at the Académie, and twice more at the Hotel d’Aligre in the Rue St. Honoré in Paris.
Navarre to make as good a Copy from it as She possibly could—with a view to do her Service here—& I wd remit her 5 Louis.
The Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise (ESLSE), known commercially as the Ethiopian Shipping Lines is the national cargo shipping company of Ethiopia.
Established in 1964, it is noteworthy as it has continued to operate despite Ethiopia having become a landlocked country in 1993; its main base is now the Port of Djibouti.
However, it was not until 1965 that the Ethiopian Shipping Lines was established as a joint venture with the American company Towers Perrin.
A Dutch company was contracted to manage the line along the lines of the then-ongoing arrangement with TWA to manage the flag carrier airline Ethiopian Airlines.
Since then, te ESL has focused mainly on the designated line of import and export, so as to promote foreign trade.
Gian Marco stated that every song in the album is a way of him telling his story over the past 10 years he had been a musician.
The album had success in Perú where it was certified gold and also had success in Colombia where it was praised for its ballad pop songs.
Just before graduating from the University of Waterloo in 2004 at the age of 23, Szulczewski relocated to Palo Alto, California and commenced a four-month internship coding for Google.
He then became a full-time employee for Google, where he wrote the prototype algorithms for keyword expansion, a feature which aids in searching for products from advertisers.
The Korean market demanded more detailed search portals than the minimalist ones used by Google in the West, and effectively trained Szulczewski in how to cater for the public.
In 2009, he saved enough money to leave Google and spent six months at home writing code for an ads recommendation platform that analyzed a person's browsing behaviors to predict their interests.
He set up a software company, ContextLogic, that in September 2010 received $1.7 million in investments and involved Yelp CEO Jeremy Stoppelman.
In May 2011, Szulczewski invited his old friend Danny Zhang, then at Yellowpages.com, to join the new business as a cofounder and they relaunched the company as Wishwall.me.
In 2016, Szulczewski was listed at #21 on America's Richest Entrepreneurs Under 40 list and in 2019, #1605 on Forbes's list of Billionaires.
In 2019 he was cited as the 34th wealthiest person and youngest Billionaire from Canada, and the 5th wealthiest Polish billionaire.
The song was written by Karol G, Keityn, Ovy on the Drums and Nicki Minaj, and produced by Ovy on the Drums.
The song became Minaj's 106th entry on the chart and Karol G's 4th, and also extended Minaj's record for most entries on the chart by a female artist.
On November 6, 2019, Karol G shared the artwork for the single on her social media, as well as snippets of the official music video.
It was written by Karol G, Keityn, Ovy on the Drums and Nicki Minaj, with production by Ovy on the Drums.
Lyrically, Karol G's verses tell the story of a woman who struggles to forget her former boyfriend, while Minaj's rap tells the man that the woman has moved on with her life.
In addition, it also entered the charts in Italy, Ecuador, Germany, Mexico, Guatemala, Portugal, Costa Rica, France, Belgium, Sweden, Dominican Republic, Panama, Paraguay, Portugal and Switzerland, reaching number one in Chile, Spain, Peru, Argentina, Nicaragua, Colombia, Honduras and El Salvador.
In the 16th century it belonged to the Weslów, Zaliwski, and Ossoliński families who erected the Gothic church of St. James (Jakuba).
The Aznar I Government was formed on 6 May 1996 following José María Aznar's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 4 May and his swearing-in on 5 May, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1996 Spanish general election.
It succeeded the fourth González government and was the Government of Spain from 6 May 1996 to 28 April 2000, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 13 March 2000 as a consequence of the 2000 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the two deputy prime ministers, 14 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
José María Aznar's first government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
The Aznar II Government was formed on 28 April 2000 following José María Aznar's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 26 April and his swearing-in on 27 April, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2000 Spanish general election.
It succeeded the first Aznar government and was the Government of Spain from 28 April 2000 to 18 April 2004, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 15 March 2004 as a consequence of the 2004 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the two deputy prime minister, 15 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
José María Aznar's second government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
McMullen was raised in Pennsylvania, graduated from Georgetown University with a PhD in history in 1980 as well as graduating from the National War College.
He also worked in the office of Senator John Glenn (D-Ohio) as a foreign affairs fellow and was also a senior analyst for the Department of Defense.
She received her Ph.D. in physics in 1993 from Stony Brook University (the State University of New York at Stony Brook) with thesis advisor Barry M. McCoy.
She was a postdoc from 1993 to 1995 at Kyoto University's Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), from 1995 to 1996 at the University of Melbourne, and from 1996 to 1997 at the University of California, Berkeley.
In the mathematics department of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, she was from 2001 to 2006 an assistant professor and from 2006 to 2012 an associate professor and is since 2012 a full professor.
She was a plenary speaker in 2012 at the 24th International Conference on Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics in Nagoya and in 2019 at the 11th International Symposium on Quantum Theory and Symmetries (QTS2019) in Montreal.
The Association for Psychological Science recognized Löckenhoff as a Rising Star in 2011, and she received the Margret M. and Paul B. Baltes Foundation Award in Behavioral and Social Gerontology from the Gerontological Society of America in 2014.
Barnes Creek rises on the West Fork Little River divide about 2 miles southwest of Pisgah in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Barnes Creek drains of area, receives about 47.5 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 343.93 and is about 81% forested.
The authorization to make these ships came from the surveyor at that time, who was in charge of making the .
In the big picture, 4x8 guns were replaced by 4x4pdrs (28cwt/8 ft), then all the surviving quartet were all reduced to 17 guns instead of 21 by 1869.
Kehilat Gesher is a Liberal Jewish synagogue located in the 17th arrondissement of Paris and founder of the Francophone Federation of Liberal Judaism and the Assembly of Liberal Judaism of France.
Cohen is married to Pauline Bebe, the first female Rabbi in France and the founder of the Communauté juive libérale d'Île-de-France (CJL).
It has serotonergic effects, and has reportedly been sold as a designer drug since around 2016, but was not definitively identified by forensic laboratories until 2018.
Los Pynandi World Cup Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Mundialista Los Pynandi), or simply Los Pynandi Stadium, is a beach soccer stadium in Luque, Gran Asunción, Paraguay.
It is located on the grounds of the Paraguayan Olympic Committee and was purpose-built to be the host venue of the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.
Paraguay's bid to host the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was all but confirmed as successful on 1 October 2018.
The Paraguayan Football Association (APF) put the stadium's construction contract out to tender on 15 October which ultimately went to the consortium of Cima-Ritter.
The constructors subsequently broke ground on the designated greenfield host site, on land belonging to the Paraguayan Olympic Committee, in early January 2019, with the full works scheduled to last for seven months.
By mid-April, all foundations had been laid, structural columns were in place and the main stand was partially complete, with other stands beginning to be raised; work was described as being on schedule.
On 16 July, the site was visited by APF president, Robert Harrison and a selection of FIFA delegates who viewed the progress of works firsthand.
Its construction created around 200 jobs; the workforce and materials used were all nationally sourced, with the sand comprising the playing field sourced from the banks of the Paraguay River.
The arena, now completed, first hosted the Paraguayan national team for training on 6 September and then hosted the 2019 Copa Libertadores de Beach Soccer tournament from 14–21 September.
Alongside him was the president of Paraguay, Mario Abdo Benítez, CONMEBOL president Alejandro Domínguez and APF president Robert Harrison, among others, who all made positive statements regarding the design and execution of the construction.
The stadium satisfies FIFA requirements for beach soccer venues: the main stand, the only roofed section, includes four changing rooms for players, two changing rooms for referees, a medical area, a press room, offices, a multipurpose space, an anti-doping room and VIP area.
Regarding access, the main stand houses an elevator designed for wheelchairs, meanwhile another stand features a special access ramp and an area adapted to accommodate the disabled; consideration has also been given to ambulance and fire access.
At the time of its construction, Ricardo Torres, president of the APF Beach Soccer Division claimed the stadium was the first and only beach soccer stadium of its kind in the world, being of concrete.
The arena is slated to host the 2019 South American Under-20 Championship as well as the beach soccer and beach volleyball events at the 2022 South American Beach Games in Asunción.
The González I Government was formed on 3 December 1982 following Felipe González's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 1 December and his swearing-in on 2 December, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1982 Spanish general election.
González's first cabinet was composed mainly by members of the PSOE and its sister party, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), as well as a number of independents.
It succeeded the Calvo-Sotelo government and was the Government of Spain from 3 December 1982 to 26 July 1986, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 23 June 1986 as a consequence of the 1986 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
Shortly after coming into office, the Finance and Economy and Trade portfolios were merged into a single Economy and Finance ministry.
Felipe González's first government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
The González II Government was formed on 26 July 1986 following Felipe González's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 23 July and his swearing-in on 24 July, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1986 Spanish general election.
González's second cabinet was composed mainly by members of the PSOE and its sister party, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), as well as a number of independents.
It succeeded the first González government and was the Government of Spain from 26 July 1986 to 7 December 1989, a total of days, or .
The government was automatically dismissed on 30 October 1989 as a consequence of the 1989 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The number of ministries was increased to 17 with the creation of the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of the Spokesperson of the Government in July 1988.
Felipe González's second government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
The González III Government was formed on 7 December 1989 following Felipe González's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 5 December and his swearing-in on 6 December, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1989 Spanish general election.
It succeeded the second González government and was the Government of Spain from 7 December 1989 to 14 July 1993, a total of days, or .
The government included two members of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)—initially Narcís Serra, later joined by Jordi Solé Tura—and four independents (Claudio Aranzadi, Jorge Semprún and Rosa Conde—who would end up joining the PSOE in November 1990—as well as Pedro Solbes from March 1991).
The government was automatically dismissed on 7 June 1993 as a consequence of the 1993 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the deputy prime minister and 17 ministries, including the ministry for the spokesperson of the Government.
The number of ministries was reduced to 16 after the Transport, Tourism and Communications portfolio was split and merged into the Public Works and Urbanism and Industry and Energy ministries in March 1991.
Felipe González's third government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
The González IV Government was formed on 14 July 1993 following Felipe González's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 9 July and his swearing-in on 13 July, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1993 Spanish general election.
It succeeded the third González government and was the Government of Spain from 14 July 1993 to 6 May 1996, a total of days, or .
González's fourth cabinet was an important change compared to the previous one: only five members remained in their previous ministries, four changed of portfolio and eight were new.
It was described as the least political cabinet out of the four González governments, with up to six independent figures, as well as the one with the most female ministers (Carmen Alborch, Ángeles Amador and Cristina Alberdi).
The sole deputy prime minister's office under Narcís Serra from the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) was mantained with increased competences on economic affairs.
The parliamentary defeat of the 1996 General State Budget bill on 25 October 1995 led to the virtual downfall of González's government, which was forced to prorogue the 1995 budget and ultimately decided to dissolve parliament and call a snap election.
It was automatically dismissed on 4 March 1996 as a consequence of the 1996 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, 16 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
Felipe González's fourth government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.
Spencer Creek drains of area, receives about 47.8 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 347.87 and is about 88% forested.
The 1969 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season.
Ronaldo started his career in the youth academy of Salgaocar and participated in the 2015-16 U-18 I-League and reached the Semi-Finals.
In the 2018–19 Goa Professional League, Ronaldo scored 23 goals as he became the top scorer and helped Salgaocar finish 4th in the 2018-19 Goa Professional League.
Ronaldo scored a few hattricks in the tournament which included 4 goals in one game against FC Bardez on 21 February 2019.
Inn August 2018, he caught the eye of scouts as he scored against Indian Super League side FC Pune City in the Awes Cup and helped Salgaocar win by 2-0.
In 2019, Ronaldo represented Goa in the 2018–19 Santosh Trophy and reached the Semi-Finals where they lost by 2-1 to Punjab.
In 2019, Ronaldo signed for I-League side and Kolkata giants: East Bengal FC on a 3 years contract, after a successful week of trials under the observation of coach Alejandro Menendez.
He made his debut against George Telegraph S.C. on 9 August in the 2019-20 Calcutta Premier Division which East Bengal lost 0-1.
He came on as a substitute against Kalighat MS in the second half and provided a brilliant assist with the outside of his foot for Jaime Santos Colado to score and ensure the win for East Bengal FC.
When World War II started he joined the New Guinea Volunteer Rifles, from which he was seconded to the Fifth Air Force of the United States.
When the war ended, he worked at the Red Cross prisoner of war reception centre in Darwin, before returning to Lae.
He was also a mason, serving as first Worshipful Master in the Lae Masonic Lodge, as well as serving as the first president of Lae Bowling Club.
Tilly wins free tickets to Breakfast Land, a food themed amusement park, and the family go on a long aggravating road trip.
Qaleh Kharabeh (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Kharābeh), is a fort, an archaeological site in the Gorgan Plain, in Golestan Province in northeastern Iran.
It lies one mile to the south of the Great Wall of Gorgan, which was a fortification built between the Caspian Sea and the Kopet Dag Mountains between 420 AD and 530s AD by the Sasanian Empire, on the northern edge of their empire.
The fort may have served as a barracks for soldiers defending the wall or may have been used by civilians, but its neat layout suggest it had a military origin.
A central crossroads was found with evidence of buildings on either sides of the roads, these being more easily discernable near the crossroads.
On the eastern side of the fort were rows of what appeared to be small enclosures; perhaps these were where gullies had been dug surrounding tents or other temporary buildings.
Other parts of the site had no discernible structures, apart from the remnants of the field divisions that pre-dated the fort.
Pottery found during excavations indicates that the fort was occupied for a relatively short period, during the earlier part of the wall's history.
This hinterland south of the wall probably receives sufficient natural precipitation for rain-fed agriculture to take place, and the canals which are a feature of the area were built, not for irrigation purposes, but to supply the needs of the military garrison and for the brick kilns that were used to manufacture the bricks of which the walls and the forts were built.
The pottery fragments found at the fort and other sites associated with the wall are giving researchers a clearer picture of the sequence of events associated with the wall and the settlements in the area.
A common use of Binder is for sharing a Jupyter notebooks in a way that the recipient can immediately execute in a browser.
The Binder project maintains core libraries and documentation for running Binder services, which make those projects available, as well as BinderHub, a tool for deploying such services via common cloud computing environments.
Given a URL to a repository, it generates a new URL that anyone can visit in a browser to interact with a running version of the code in that repository.
Including the San Antonio Thunder of the original NASL and the former San Antonio Scorpions of the modern NASL, this is the 11th season of professional soccer in San Antonio.
The club plays in the USL Championship, the second division of the United States soccer league system, and will participate in the U.S. Open Cup.
Cedar Creek Creek drains of area, receives about 47.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 339.72 and is about 92% forested.
The 1963 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1963 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 19th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8–2 record, including a victory over in the Orange Blossom Classic.
The team's statistical leaders included Bobby Felts with 657 rushing yards and 68 points scored, Jim Tullis with 1,172 passing yards, and Al Denson with 564 receiving yards.
She was city conservator to Cologne and Director General of the city's museums, with her term including the Year of Romanesque Churches in 1985.
The book analyzes the changes in taxation in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, and Italy after World War I.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Mozambique is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Mozambique, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Mozambique and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Mozambique and the pope.
The parliament of Aragon has passed 2 laws concerning the regulation of languages in the Spanish autonomous community of Aragón: the Language Act of Aragon of 2009, approved with a leftist majority in the parliament, and the Language Act of Aragon of 2013, approved with a rightist majority.
The law was repealed with the introduction of the new Law of the Languages of Aragon on the 24th of June, 2013.
Paradoxically, the development of the law caused extraordinary controversy both inside and outside of Aragon, even though the majority of the articles of the new legal text contain content substantially identical to that of the 2009 law, in some cases the articles being the exact same text.
The law only introduced light modifications to minor relative aspects of the regulation of place names (toponyms) and the use by citizens of their own historical languages to address Aragonese institutions.
In this way, the legal text of 2009 foresaw the possibility that the official denomination of the place names (toponyms) for predominant linguistic zones of Aragonese and Catalan could be in those languages, meanwhile the 2013 text covers this same possibility that the places are named in their proper historical languages, but in a bilingual system (in the proper historical language and Castellano).
With regards to the rights of speakers to address Aragonese institutions in their own historical languages, the law replaces the obligation of these speakers to answer to citizens in Aragonese with the option to instead use their own historical languages.
The new law modifies the official naming of Aragonese languages, changing with them the standardized section and institutional relevance of said languages stated in the 2009 law.
Furthermore, the title of the law indicates that these languages are formed by linguistic modalities with their proper identities, similarly to how the law substantially changed the linguistic zoning established by the previous law.
The chosen denominations for the proper and historical languages of Aragon in the 2013 law was the most controversial theme during the process of creating the law as well as after its passing.
Thus, the law eliminated the naming of Aragonese and Catalan, which the 2009 text contained in order to refer to these languages, and substituted them for circumlocutions: Aragonese language typical of the Pyrenean and pre-Pyrenean areas to refer to Aragonese, and Aragonese language typical of the Oriental area to refer to Catalan.
The new law suppresses the Superior Advisor of Aragonese Languages, the Aragonese Academy of the Catalan Language, and the Academy of the Aragonese Language, with them being replaced by the Aragonese Academy of the Language which with be accredited with the responsibility of normalization and consultation.
In relation to the names adopted by the law to refer to the proper languages and in a simultaneous manner to the parliamentary debate, it was rapidly popularized at a social and newspaper level the acronyms LAPAPYP or lapapyp, and LAPAO or lapao.
The Aragonese government signaled that these acronyms are not official and do not appear in the text of the law and the belief is held that they are invented by the opposition and by Catalan sectionists.
The new rule will continue to use the legal concept of linguistic zoning, or linguistic predominance, as an instrument to guarantee diversity and linguistic pluralism in the autonomous community.
This new law, similar to that of 2009, does not delineate zones, however it leaves the regulatory development and determination of each one of these two zones to the individual municipalities; this follows the precedent of the draft bill of the Languages Act of Aragon (2001), which outlines a concrete relationship between the municipalities of predominantly Aragonese and Catalan linguistics.
Additionally, they point out that the implementation of the previous law would have resulted in an outlay of up to 39 million euros that would be inadequate in a moment of economic crisis.
In addition to the parliamentary opposition in Aragon Courts, outside of the autonomous community, other political parties oppose this law, including the CDC, the Catalonian Majority, C's, the PP, ICV-EUiA, CUP, and the PSC, which registered a resolution in the Catalonian Parliament to urge the Aragonese government to step back on this issue.
The defenders of the law maintained that the term ‘lapao’ had been invented by its critics, and that the inhabitants of these areas give their dialects names.
The lack of reference to Castilian Spanish in the law has also been the target of criticism, as the previous version of the law referenced it.
In June 2013 the six associations tasked with the preservation, teaching, and spread of Aragonese signed a manifesto in favor of the Aragonese language and against the new language law.
Six other organizations (the Council for Spoken Aragonese, The Nogara Association, the Society of the Aragonese Language, the School of Aragonese Philosophy, and the League of Aragonese Speakers) participated in writing the manifesto but ultimately decided not to sign it.
For their part, the government of Spain declared that they respected the approval of the law and reaffirmed the ability of the autonomous communities to regulate their co-official languages.
Days before the law was scheduled to be approved, the government of Alcampell rejected the law and gave sole official status to Catalan.
The Provincial Government of Huesca also approved a resolution favoring the repeal of the Law of Languages for failing to recognize the trilingual nature of the community.
The Academy aimed to determine official troponins and names for the community, so as to standardize their use of the languages and dialects.
Long was raised on a dairy farm in Premont, Texas, where she graduated as valedictorian at Premont High School in 1945.
She attended the University of Texas at Austin, earning a bachelor's degree in 1948 and a master's in education in 1951.
In 1999, Long and her husband founded the Long Foundation, using proceeds from the sale of First State Bank, where Mr. Long had been the Chairman, to Norwest.
They pledged an endowment gift of $10 million to support the Institute of Latin American Studies at the University of Texas, which was renamed the Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies.
They also pledged $20 million for the renovation of Austin’s Lester E. Palmer Auditorium, which was renamed the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long Center for the Performing Arts.
The Longs also donated extensively to the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and the medical school was renamed the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine after a $25 million gift in 2017.
Long was appointed to the National Council advising the National Endowment for the Arts in 2002, and she was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2019.
The Snowman is a wordless children's picture book by English author Raymond Briggs, first published in 1978 by Hamish Hamilton in the United Kingdom, and published by Random House in the United States in November of the same year.
The book won a number of awards and was adapted into a animated television film in 1982 which is an annual fixture at Christmas.
He and the boy play with appliances, toys and other bric-a-brac in the house, all while keeping quiet enough not to wake his parents.
The snowman takes the boy outside and they begin to fly over the South Downs and watch the sun coming up from Brighton pier before returning home.
He refutes the idea that the book is a Christmas book, noting that it was only the animated adaptation that introduces this element.
In the United Kingdom, it was the runner-up for the Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British writer.
The book was adapted into a half-hour animated television film in 1982, which debuted on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on 26 December.
Such compounds can be categorized into three different types, depending on the structure (or equivalently the orbital in which the unpaired electron resides) and the energetic barrier to inversion.
The structure of such molecules has been determined by probing the nature of the orbital that the unpaired electron resides in using spectroscopy, as well as directly with X-ray methods.
While the trivalent triphenylmethyl radical, which was the first organic radical described, has been known for over 100 years, characterization of transient, persistent, or stable radicals of heavier tetrel compounds have been only accessible in recent years (from the 1960s to the present).
Such developments have only been made in recent years because these compounds tend to be highly reactive (with respect to reactions such as dimerization and radical chain reactions).
This class of molecules tends to be slightly more stable than the acyclic analogues as there is a stabilization through the delocalization of the unpaired electrons within the π-system.
Information about the structure of these trivalent tetrels has been determined by mainly EPR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, however the geometry of transient small molecules has been determined via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, transient UV absorption spectroscopy, and microwave spectroscopy by determining vibrational and rotational resonance frequencies.
Electron paramagnetic resonance has been paramount for the study of trivalent tetrels as the hyperfine coupling to the tetrel reveals the orbital in which the unpaired electron resides, and the orbital composition directly correlates to the structure of the molecule.
The isotropic component of the hyperfine coupling to the central tetrel scales proportionally with the spin density in the valence s orbital on that atom (see the Figure on the right).
By comparing this isotropic hyperfine coupling constant to the theoretical hyperfine splitting of an electron in a pure valence s orbital, one can calculate the percent of the unpaired spin density in the valence s orbital.
Similarly, the ratio of the anisotropic hyperfine coupling constant to the anisotropic hyperfine coupling of a single electron in a pure atomic p orbital reveals the percent of spin occupation in a valence p orbital.
The percent of spin occupation in the valence s orbital can be used to directly probe the structure of these molecules.
However, if there is 25% s orbital and 75% p orbital occupation, then the molecule will have a pyramidal Type A structure.
Values of greater than 25% s orbital contribution can also be found upon coordination of a tetrel to electronegative ligands (-OR, -F, -NR, -Cl).
There is also a correlation between the g-shift (∆g = g - g) and the geometry for series of compounds with ligands of similar electronegativities.
It has also been demonstrated using tris(trialkylsilyl)silyl radicals that the more bulky the ligands are, the more a planar structure will be favored, and the lower the hyperfine coupling constant will be.
It has been shown that there are two main factors that dictate whether a complex will be a Type A, B, or C structure.
This has been ascribed due to the pseudo Jahn–Teller effect, as the E-R anti-bonding orbitals (of RE•) can more significantly mix with the non-bonding SOMO (singly occupied molecular orbital) due to a more electropositive and diffuse central atom.
The barrier for inversion has been calculated at the NL-SCF/TZ2P level to be increasing for EH• C, Si, Ge, Sn at 0.0, 3.7, 3.8, 7.0 kcal/mol (the barrier for inversion of methyl radical is zero as it is most stable in a planar Type C structure).
Dutchmans Creek Creek drains of area, receives about 48.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 330.89 and is about 93% forested.
The monument consists of a large stone brought from the Solovetsky Islands, the location of Solovki prison camp, part of the Soviet Gulag system.
The monument was founded in 1990 to honor victims of political reppression in the Soviet Union, as well as people who fought with this.
The monument is a 10,400 kg granite boulder taken 50 meters from the place of mass executions of the prisoners of the Solovki prison camp in the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea.
The Saint Petersburg city administration would not help finance the memorial despite significant budget allocated to celebrate the tercentenary of the city.
The Columbia 34 Mark II is an American sailboat that was designed by William H. Tripp Jr. as a coastal cruising sailboat and first built in 1970.
The Columbia 34 Mark II's hull molds were later used to develop the Coronado 35 and also the Hughes 36 and the Hughes-Columbia 36.
The Columbia 34 Mark II was a new design built by Columbia Yachts in the United States as a follow-on to the unrelated Columbia 34.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller or optional wheel and a fixed fin keel, or optional shoal draft keel or stub keel with a centerboard.
With the high freeboard, it isn’t as good up wind as some other designs, and it likes to be reefed early when going to windward.
Saint George and the Princess is a late 15th century tempera on panel painting, attributed to Antonio Cicognara and now in the Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo in Brescia.
It was originally in the church of San Giorgio and as such the commission is thought to have been from the Franciscans who then occupied the adjoining monastery.
He also served as the Managing Director and Chief Editor of Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), state-run national news agency of Bangladesh.
When the Mandalorian returns to the secret Mandalorian enclave, where he gets his damaged armor replaced by the Armorer, who will forge him a full cuirass from some of the Beskar reward.
Returning to the guild, the Mandalorian learns from Greef Karga that everyone in the guild had a tracking fob for the child.
He asks Greef if he has any idea what The Client has planned for the child, but Greef says he did not ask as it would be against the guild code, telling him he should forget about it.
Despite accepting a new assignment and starting to prepare his ship to depart, the Mandalorian has a change of heart at the last moment and instead turns back to infiltrate The Client's base of operations.
On the way back to his ship, the Mandalorian is ambushed by the other bounty hunters and Greef Carga, who demand he hand the Child over.
After he refuses, a firefight breaks out, leaving the Mandalorian heavily outnumbered and cornered, but warriors from the Mandalorian enclave unexpectedly arrive, attacking the bounty hunters and giving the Mandalorian cover to escape.
Ambushing the Mandalorian on his ship, Greef gives him one last chance to surrender, but Mando outsmarts him and shoots him, ejecting him from the spacecraft.
The Child's hand appears, reaching up to the console from below; the Mandalorian unscrews a control knob that he had berated the Child for playing with at the beginning of the episode, and drops it into its hand.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 93% with an average rating of 8.37/10, based on 28 reviews.
Robert Frederick Shedinger (born 23 November 1959) is an American assistant and associate professor of religion at Luther College (Iowa) and he was the Chair of the Department of Religion.
In the aftermath of the war, he strove to convince the Sultanate that the Ottoman Armenians were still loyal to the state and that they were not trying to achieve national independence.
Nick Taylor (born March 27, 1988) is a professional Canadian football defensive back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was originally signed as a free agent in 2012 by the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL), but he suffered a shoulder injury and was released.
He played for the Orlando Predators, Ottawa Redblacks, and Edmonton Eskimos before signing with the Blue Bombers on August 19, 2019.
Mike Jones (born September 1, 1995) is a professional Canadian football defensive back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was originally signed as an undrafted free agent in 2018 by the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL), but was released.
The La Manada sex abuse case of Pozoblanco is the legal process being pursued against a group of men from Seville for their alleged sexual aggression of a 21-year-old girl in Pozoblanco, southern Spain, on 1 May 2016.
The case arose following the discovery of footage in a phone belonging to one of the alleged aggressors showing an unresponsive girl lying in a van being subjected to groping and mockery.
The case received media attention due to the fact that the defendants were the same aggressors of the La Manada gang rape which took place in Pamplona, Navarre, against a 18-year-old girl from Madrid two months later in July 2016, for which they were convicted and imprisoned.
The prosecutor petitioned a three-year prison term each for sex abuse, and four years more for offence to privacy, for recording and posting the footage.
Alfonso Jesús Cabezuelo, a military officer at the time of the events, was requested an additional 12 euros fine per day over two months for injuring the girl with a smack.
He allegedly asked the girl to give oral sex, which she refused, for which he slapped her and hit her on the arm, let her out in the street on her own, insulting her, as she reported.
Joseph Liemandt (born 1967/1968) is an American billionaire businessman, and the founder of Trilogy Software, and ESW Capital, an investment company that buys software companies.
Scapolite is produced in nature by metasomatism, where hot high pressure water solutions of carbon dioxide and sodium chloride modify plagioclase.
Portrait of a Young Flautist or The Flute Player is a c.1540 oil on canvas painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo in Brescia.
It was acquired by Alessandro Contini Bonacossi, after being excluded from the bequest to the Uffizi, and sold by his heirs to Peter Sharp, a New York collector.
Born in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Rivero played youth football for CD Puerto Cruz, but retired at early age.
In 1998, after acting as David Amaral's assistant at UD Realejos and CD Corralejo, he joined CD Tenerife as a fitness coach.
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve is a United States National Marine Sanctuary on Lake Huron's Thunder Bay, within the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Michigan.
Prior to his appointment in the Prime Minister's Office, Chowdhury served as the director general of the Department of Films and Publications, Press Institute of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Betar, Bangladesh Film Archive and National Institute of Mass Communication.
The 2019 Furman Paladins men's soccer team represented Furman University during the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer season and the 2019 Southern Conference men's soccer season.
There, he pursued his interests in ecology by performing research under the supervision of Prof. Ted Brown on the environmental adaptation of cyanobacteria.
Upon completion of his degree, Carthew worked for two years as a research technician under the supervision of Prof. Jack Greenblatt at the Banting and Best Department of Medical Research in Toronto.
In this time, Carthew studied the biochemistry of eukaryotic gene transcription and decided to forgo a career in music for one in the biomedical sciences.
In 1982, Carthew began his PhD studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he performed his thesis research in the lab of Prof. Phillip A.
During his doctoral career, Carthew transformed the Electrophoresis Mobility Shift Assay or EMSA into an assay that could detect sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins from crude cell extracts.
Carthew and fellow graduate student Lewis Chodosh decided to adopt this mechanism for their joint publication in Cell, inspired by its use by Andrew Fire and Mark Samuels.
He showed that the RING finger domain protein Seven in Absentia is essential for multipotent eye cells to adopt an R7 photoreceptor cell fate.
In subsequent work, he showed that Seven in Absentia is activated by the Ras signal transduction pathway and acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to rapidly degrade a transcriptional repressor of R7 cell differentiation.
In 2001, Carthew moved to Northwestern University and became a full professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, which is located on the Evanston campus.
Carthew served as leader of the Chromatin and Nuclear Dynamics Program in Northwestern’s Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2012 to 2018.
The Carthew lab has continued pursuing the mechanisms and functions of the small non-coding RNA world that was first glimpsed through the lens of RNAi.
This pioneering work emerged at the same time as other groups around the world also began addressing physical aspects of morphogenesis.
Recent work in the Carthew lab has turned to dynamical features of gene expression as cells undergo lineage restriction during development.
This work has focused on the importance of time as a dimension in animal development and how gene regulatory networks are designed to provide temporal flexibility to development.
The Carthew group found that when developmental tempo is slowed down by limiting cell metabolism, gene repressors become redundant during lineage restiction, and the entire microRNA family is rendered non-essential for development in general.
Co-funded by a public-private partnership between the National Science Foundation and Simons Foundation, the Center for Quantitative Biology contains 12 Northwestern faculty members who are experts in developmental biology, applied mathematics, and pure mathematics.
This is done by supporting interdisciplinary research within the Center and stimulating interdisciplinary research and training activities across the United States.
Dennis Edozie (10 November 1935 - 18 August 2018) was a Nigerian jurist who was Judge of the Supreme Court of Nigeria from 2003 until his retirement in 2005.
Edozie was a teacher of Latin and mathematics from 1956 to 1958, before entering the government of Eastern Nigeria as an administrative officer from 1962 to 1965.
He served as a judge of the High Court of Anambra State from 1982 to 1990, and then proceeded to the Court of Appeal, where he was a judge for twelve years from 1990 until his appointment to the Supreme Court in 2003.
Mary Magdalene is a c.1535-1540 oil on canvas painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the National Gallery, London, which acquired it in 1978.
It is generally considered to be the first of a series of four paintings of the subject, which was popular among private Venetian commissioners.
Cairnduff, Cairn Duff or Carn Duff is a roughly circular Bronze Age burial cairn, located on the lands of High Peacockbank Farm near the town of Stewarton in East Ayrshire, Scotland.
Cairnduff is situated on the summit of Cairnduff Hill at 114m and Smith points out its prominence and that it is visible from the possible moot hill or watchtower site near High Castleton in the vicinity of Lainshaw House.
Cairnduff is a type of tumulus, barrow or burial mound dating within the time period approximately 1300–700 BC, the Bronze Age.
The term cairn is typically given to such structures in Scotland and refers to a stone pile, built and not of natural origin.
The centre of this once circular cairn has been entirely removed due to the robbing of stones and only a low, roughly circular stoney bank around a 1.0m wide and a maximum of 0.7m high remains.
A significant quantity of rounded stones are still present and some are exposed to view in situ or spread around the site.
A few larger boulders, possibly perimeter stones are present and the indications are that the diameter of the cairn may originally have been over 20m.
One urn was around a foot in diameter and the other two were 5½ inches in diameter and six inches in height.
The cairn with its contents of three cinerary urns was exposed when trees were being removed by uprooting them from this small plantation in around 1810 to 1826.
The Black Hill Cairn is a Bronze Age burial site near Kirkfieldbank in the Clyde Valley and is set in a similar location to Cairnduff at the highest point in the area.
The Lainshaw Estate map of 1779 shows a Cairnduff Park and below it a Bonfire Park running down to the Annick Water.
The cairn itself is not named or indicated and only a small clump of trees is shown in its location, lying just outside the Lainshaw Estate on the lands of High Peacockbank.
Circa 1810 or 1826 Mr John Deans of Peacock Bank (sic) decided to extract some small trees from his plantation on Carnduff Brae when he exposed three urns or beakers that contained bones.
The stones would have had to be collected and carried to the site, probably from the river as many are rounded and river worn.
No detailed description of the urns survives other than some details of the size and their present location is not recorded.
The urns contained bones and relics and these vessels were found enclosed in small excavations that were close to the original ground level.
The field name 'Bonfire Park' suggests that the cairn, located at the highest point of ground overlooking Stewarton, may have been the site of traditional bonfires, such as those related to Halloween.
The typical burial ritual of the time involved the corpse being laid under a funeral pyre and burnt, together with any artefacts.
Once cremated the surviving bones were carefully separated from the ashes and placed inside an urn that was inverted and buried in a pit.
A naval aviator and communications engineer, he was at the forefront of the Marine Corps' use of radar for early warning and fighter direction.
He was one of the driving forces behind the Marine Corps' establishment of an air warning program and served as the first commanding officer of the 1st Marine Air Warning Group (1st MAWG).
After the war, Colonel Bayler served as the Commander of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California.
Born 8 April 1905, in Lebanon, Pennsylvania Walter Bayler graduated from Lebanon High School in June 1923 and was selected to attend the United States Naval Academy.
Upon graduation from the Naval Academy he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps on 21 June 1927.
Upon his return he attended pre-flight training at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia and entered flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida in May 1929.
At that time he was selected to attend Naval Postgraduate School at Annapolis, Maryland and in August 1932 he attended further post-graduate school at Harvard University.
In July 1933 he became the communications and navigation officer with VS-15M onboard the USS Lexington (CV-2) and served in a similar capacity with Aircraft Two while stationed at Naval Air Station San Diego from June 1937 until August 1939.
From August 1939 until May 1940, then Captain Bayler attended Amphibious Warfare School at MCB Quantico, VA. After graduation he returned to the west coast to serve as the communications and radio officer for Marine Aircraft Group 21 (MAG-21).
On 20 November 1941, Maj Bayler and 48 Marines from MAG-21 departed Pearl Harbor onboard the USS Wright (AV-1) bound for Wake Island.
Within three days of their arrival they had completed their radio station in a tent in a large parking area just off the main runway.
During this time he worked very closely with Captain Winfield S. Cunningham, overall garrison commander, Major James P. Devereux commanding the island's 1st Defense Battalion detachment and Major Paul A. Putnam, in command of VMF-211.
Bayler had follow on orders to report to Midway by first available air transport to carry out the same mission there.
At the time it was imperative for the Marine Corps to get Maj Bayler off of Wake Island because he was one of the few Marine Corps officers that had experience establishing air-ground communications networks and he was knowledgeable of the still top secret radar program within the United States.
After departing Wake Island, Maj Bayler arrived at Midway Atoll and quickly joined the growing Marine Aviation Detachment there under the command of LtCol William J. Wallace.
His task was to again establish air-ground radio communications however he also assisted the 6th Defense Battalion with the installation and operation of their newly acquired early warning radars.
This radar and the early warning that it provided were critical to the success of the Cactus Air Force and the battle for Guadalcanal during the early stages of the campaign.
The radar picked up incoming aircraft over New Georgia giving Marine fliers enough advanced warning that they did not need to maintain a constant combat air patrol.
This allowed the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing to husband its resources at a time when aircraft and parts were difficult to attain.
Radar operators would pass distance and bearing information to Bayler at his communications facility via telephone and he then relayed this information to Marine fighter pilots overhead in their F4F Wildcats.
Bayler and his team assisted interdiction efforts against the Tokyo Express by relaying critical real time information on Japanese shipping to US aircraft.
They also coordinated aviation assets during the rescue mission to save personnel in Ironbottom Sound after the USS Little (DD-79) and USS Gregory (DD-82) were sunk in September/October 1942.
Upon his return from Guadalcanal, LtCol Bayler served as the Commanding Officer of the newly formed Marine Aircraft Group 34 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina from February to April 1943.
During this time he also sat as the senior a member of a Radar Policy Board convened by the Commandant of the Marine Corps beginning on 11 February 1943.
The board was tasked to make recommendations regarding the establishment of an adequate radar warning program, radar fire control and radar fighter direction for Marine Corps units during amphibious operations.
Board recommendations included the organization of Air Warning Squadrons, placing organic fighter direction with night fighter squadrons and the creation of an Air Defense Section within the Division of Aviation at Headquarters Marine Corps.
On 1 July 1943, Col Bayler took command of the newly formed 1st Marine Air Warning Group (1st MAWG) at MCAS Cherry Point, NC.
1st MAWG's mission was to organize, train, and equip Air Warning Squadrons capable of setting up and maintaining expedient air defense systems to furnish early warning and fighter direction against enemy aircraft.
He remained the commanding officer until 4 April 1944 at which time he was transferred to Headquarters Marine Corps, Division of Aviation to continue to develop requirements for the ever burgeoning air warning program.
Colonel Bayler returned to the Pacific in December 1944 as the Chief of Staff for the rear echelon of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.
From May 1945 through March 1946 he served as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, for Aircraft, Fleet Marine Force Pacific.
He returned to Washington, D.C. in March 1946 to serve as the Director of the Electronics Division, Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department until August 1948.
His next assignment was as the Officer in charge of the Aviation Section, Marine Corps Schools at MCB Quantico, VA. During this time he was also a member of board chaired by Major General Oliver P. Smith which recommended an expansion of the Marine Corps' newly developed helicopter program in order to advance emerging concepts in landing force techniques.
In December 1951, Col Bayler served as Commanding General and later Assistant Wing Commander for the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3d MAW) at MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina.
In August 1954, Colonel Bayler was assigned as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2 and Station Inspector for Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California.
For his first five years out of uniform, he worked in production control management for the Hughes Aircraft Company in Fullerton and later Newport Beach.
After his time with Hughes he earned his teaching certificate at Chapman College and taught physics at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton for another 10 years.
He was survived by his wife, Virginia Katheine Bayler daughter Virginia Marie who was married to Marine Corps MajGen Hal W. Vincent and three grandchildren.
The headquarters for Marine Air Control Squadron 1 (MACS-1) at the 32 Area on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California was named in honor of BGen Bayler on 9 July 1990.
During junior high school, Jones was an intern at the Kennedy Space Center, where she worked on processing for Unity node.
Jones will lead the recovery team of Artemis 1 (previously Exploration-Mission 1) that will work with the United States Navy to recover the Orion crew module.
The recovery will take place in the ocean near San Diego, and Jones is responsible for the creation of a ship, with a landing platform, that can recover flight crews from open water.
She is known for her work related to pesticides, nuclear radiation, birth defects, breast cancer, and illnesses caused by toxins in homes and is considered a pioneer in the field of occupational and environmental health.
In the 1970s, during her practice of internal medicine in Detroit, she recognized common profiles in patients that became the basis of a campaign against, lawsuits regarding, and clinical research that established the occupational source of illnesses among her patients in the automobile industry and led to the development of regulations for greater protection of the workers and the banning of certain chemicals from the workplace.
Among the largest collections of medical-legal files in the United States, her records are preserved at the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.
She married her first husband, John Bigelow, that same year and moved with him to the San Francisco area while he served there in the navy.
She was one of only six women in her graduating class at medical school, which she attended on the advice of a boss at the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory at Hunters Point.
Dr. Sherman was married three times, to John Bigelow in 1952, to Howard Sherman in 1965, and in 1987, to her high school sweetheart, Donald Nevinger, who died in 2005.
In 1986, she took up the cello and eventually played with an all-volunteer symphony orchestra in McLean, Virginia for several years.
Creamer has stated that he had received a number of supportive messages from viewers and has received support from the sex industry.
In October 2019, Ryan Creamer attended the 2019 Pornhub Awards at the Orpheum Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles and presented the Best Male Pornstar award.
The San Domenico di Pesaro Altarpiece is a 1524-1526 oil on panel painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan.
It shows the Madonna and Child seated between two angel musicians, while in the lower register it shows (from left to right) Saint Peter, Saint Dominic, Saint Paul and Saint Jerome.
In 1524 the Dominicans of the San Domenico Monastery in Pesaro commissioned a large altarpiece for the high altar from Savoldo, who had settled in Venice a few years earlier.
The work was broken up and dispersed in the 17th century, probably around 1646 when it was taken down for the Baroque remodelling of the church's interior.
Due to its size (5.05 by 2.12 m) it has remained in the same room ever since except for during the world wars.
It remained in place during a recent restoration, carried out within a transparent polycarbonate display case on a mobile platform and completed in 2005.
Ebenator (popularly known as Ebenator Ozulogu) is a town in Nnewi South Local Government Area of Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria, predominantly occupied by Igbo speaking people.
Ebenator people are hardworking, and can be found in different parts of the country and overseas where they seek their fortunes.
According to oral history, the town, not withstanding her smallness, was very mighty, and fought with virtually all her neighbouring communities who attempted to annex, plunder, raid, incur, pillage or even annihilate her because of her smallness in those olden days.
The town was indomitable and able to wage war with all those neighbouring communities, and emerge victorious because of the powerful god —Akwai, and goddess — Ofala which the people worshipped then.
The name Ebenator was coined in 1918 by an Anglican church Teacher posted to the community, by name, Mr. Peter Onwuemerie.
Then, these three autonomous villages hitherto had no one general name, by which they were addressed as a community, until Onwuemerie suggested Ebonator (meaning three villages/regions), a name which the community leaders and members swiftly subscribed to, and which later became pronounced as Ebenator, the name the community bears till today.
It was Ebenator town that produced the first trained teacher, the first university graduate, the first medical doctor, and first professor in the entire Mbanese, which is a general name for a conglomerate of five (out of ten) communities that make up the local government.
The community has an erosion gully site popularly known as Ibo Ebenator which is one of the deepest erosion gully sites in the entire south-eastern Nigeria.
The dangerous erosion gully, which is over deep from the normal topographical terrain, and which has a length span of about , has been one of the greatest environmental challenges confronting and marring Ebenator community since the last two decades, and still counting.
It has claimed lives of many innocent citizens, pulled and caved down many houses, destroyed crops and farmlands and damaged properties worth millions of Naira.
Buzzard is an American jurist who, as of 2019, is a judge of the District Court of Lewis County, a rural county in the state of Washington.
(pronounced /ɑɹ ˈdʌb.jə/ in colloquial American English) Buzzard is the child of Steve Buzzard, a former judge of the municipal court of Chehalis, Washington, and Missy Buzzard, the town's former mayor.
In 2003, he was appointed to the municipal court of Centralia, Washington and, the following year, was selected to the bench of the Lewis County District Court.
Buzzard was the subject of criticism in 2018 after it was revealed he would occasionally drink liquor in his chambers and had long kept a loaded firearm in an unlocked drawer of his desk.
According to Buzzard, he kept the firearm for personal protection as one of his judicial duties was to ride circuit to the remote town of Morton, Washington.
Critics noted that county ordinances prohibited carrying firearms into the Lewis County Courthouse by anyone except security personnel; however, Buzzard explained that he was among the court's security personnel, since he had ultimate responsibility for the order of his courtroom.
Buzzard has criticized the lack of security in the judicial facilities of Washington which have a high rate of courtroom violence; the state has the eighth greatest number of annual courtroom security incidents in the United States, eclipsing even that of New York despite the latter state having three times Washington's population.
The following year, Buzzard again descended from the bench to give chase after two criminal suspects attempted to escape his courtroom.
When the two men fled, Buzzard ripped off his judicial robes and pursued the suspects through the courthouse, ultimately grappling and restraining one of the two.
The Churchill Factor: How One Man Made History is a book by Boris Johnson in which he details the life of the former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill.
Adoration of the Shepherds is a c.1540 oil on canvas painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo in Brescia.
It was one of the painter's last works and he also produced variants on it, including one in San Giobbe in Venice.
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes is a Spanish economist, a Professor in the Economics and Business Management faculty at the University of California, Merced and a Professor and Department Chair at San Diego State University.
Since 2015, she has been the Western Representative for a standing committee called the Committee for the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP).
Her field of work focuses on the fundamentals of labour economics and international migration, particularly the nature of immigration policies and its impact on migrant's assimilation into the community at a state and local level.
Amuedo-Dorantes has published multiple articles in refereed journals including Journal of Public Economics, Journal of Population Economics, International Migration, and Journal of Development Economics.
In 2006, she got promoted from assistant professor to associate professor at the San Diego State University, and finally professor in 2006.
Since 2015, she has been a research fellow at the IZA Institute of Labor Economics, and has published articles on Policy Assimilation and its implications for Fertility, Education, and Labor Supply.
As a board member of the Committee for the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP), she works to address the low representation of women in the Economics Profession and promotes the awareness of Women's issues in the field such as participation on editorial boards of Academic Journals.
Following her field of research, Amuedo-Dorantes also took on a research position at the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM) mainly focused on new methodological advances to assess policy issues.
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Esther Arenas-Arroyo, and Almudena Sevilla addressed the role of greater interior immigration enforcement in changing the likelihood of U.S. born children with a likely unauthorized parent to live a life in poverty through the change of economic sources.
used household data from 2005-2011 American Community Survey (ACS) and found that with a one standard deviation increase in the intensity of the enforcement raised the overall likelihood of that U.S. born child with a likely unauthorized parent by a total of 4% and decreased income.
One type of immigration law, police-based measures, particularly enhanced negative impacts of immigration enforcement on the economic resources, and increases overall poverty risk.
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Susan L. Averett, and Cynthia A. Bansak obtained data from the Current Population Survey collected in 1994, 1995, 1998, and 2000 to examine whether immigrant women adjusted their childbearing as a response to how generous the Government was with its welfare benefits, following the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) which reduced immigrant eligibility and welfare participation.
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes and Susan Pozo examined the relationship between remittances and family migration and its impact on children's school attendance in a study conducted in the Dominican Republic.
Amuedo-Dorantes and Pozo chose the Dominican Republic for two reasons, various emigration and remittance-receiving patterns which allow for isolation between the remittance and migration effects.
By obtaining from two samples, non-migrant and migrant households, they found that a 10% increase in remittances receipt increased children's school attendance by 3%.
However, the overall effect of the remittance effect may disappears due to the overpowering negative impact of the migration effect in play.
It is believed that policies aimed to increase remittance flows would further improve the countries impacted by migration out of the country.
Through the data of the 2001 Population Census and the 2002 Earnings Structure Survey for Spain, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes and Sara de la Rica examined the immigrant's employment assimilation and assimilation occupation-wise of immigrants working in Spain.
Due to increasing levels of immigration in Spain allowed Amuedo-Dorantes and Rica to successfully distinguish variations by gender, origin, and educational achievement of immigrant employment and occupational assimilation.
Multiple findings were obtained: (1) immigrant men and women were far less likely than local men and women to be employed, (2) EU15 immigrants seemed to attain similar occupational patterns as natives while non-EU15 and their native counterparts were separated by an occupational attainment gap, and (3) low-educated male immigrants and only males, reached a slower occupational assimilation than their counterparts.
The mountain was named for the gamuza, the Spanish name for the Pyrenean chamois, as part of the ungulate theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of the first ascent party.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Gamuza Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
He worked as a lecturer for the School of Art and Design at the Limerick Institute of Technology before he retired.
A member of Aosdána, he has published nine books of poetry, including Gog and Magog (1987), Moving On, Still There (2001), and Surreal Man (2006).
His fourth collection, The Old Women of Magione, was translated into Italian in 2006, and a Selected Poems in Slovene translation was published in 2013.
O'Driscoll's poems have been translated into many languages, including French, German, Irish, Italian, Hungarian, Russian, Scots Gaelic, Serbo-Croat, Slovenian, and Spanish.
His awards for poetry include a Bursary in Literature from the Irish Arts Council (1983), the James Joyce Literary Millennium Prize (1989), and the Patrick and Katherine Kavanagh Fellowship in Poetry (2000).
His poem ‘Please Hold’ (featured in Forward’s anthology Poems of the Decade) has become a set text for A-Level English Literature.
Saint Matthew and the Angel is a c.1530-1535 oil on canvas painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
Originally produced for a private 'studiolo' or for the Zecca in Milan, it is one of the nocturnes for which Savoldo is most famous.
A professor at the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, he has worked as an historian for Poland's Institute of National Remembrance.
Lasik is known, in particular, for having helped to compile a database, which he started in 1982 when he was writing his PhD, of 25,000 names of those who staffed concentration camps in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust.
In 1930, basketball was first brought to Rwanda by catholic priests and the first games were played in high schools in the South Province.
Wacław Cyprian Brzeziński (15 September 1878 – 13 February 1955) was a Polish operatic baritone, opera manager and academic voice teacher.
In the 1911/12 season, Brzeziński performed in southern Italy and Sicily, where he was praised as Rossini's Figaro and Verdi's Rigoletto.
From 1916 to 1917, he partnered with Adam Dobosz and Adam Ostrowski, eventually becoming the manager of the Warsaw Opera (now Grand Theatre, Warsaw).
As a pedagogue, Brzeziński served as professor of music at the Warsaw Conservatory (now Fryderyk Chopin University of Music) from 1915 to 1916.
A series of analyses published between 1987 and 1990 found thin layers of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and the Moho around 33 kilometers deep.
The Basque-Cantabrian Basin is a large sedimentary basin on thinned continental crust that lies onshore and offshore along the southern margin of the Bay of Biscay on the north coast of Spain.
When the basin first formed, it was partly separated from the neighboring Pyrenean basin by the Landes high-ground, although this feature later got underthrusted and buried by Cretaceous sediments offshore.
The faulted offshore Biscay synclinorium is believed to be an extension of the onshore Pyrenean fault zone, by way of the Leiza fault.
The Temptation of Saint Jerome is a c.1521-1525 oil on panel painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.
Originally produced for a private 'studiolo', it was a homage to similar works by Hieronymus Bosch, some of which were in cardinal Domenico Grimani's collection in Venice.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Contemporary Makeup in a Motion Picture Made for Television or Special is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
The award was first given in 2000, during the first annual awards, and was given when the awards were brought back in 2014.
During the 2001 and 2002 ceremonies, as well as ceremonies from 2015 to 2018, the awards made the distinction between regular series and miniseries/television films.
This was amended in 2019, when miniseries nominees were placed alongside continuing series, while television films and specials were given their own category.
Sluka signed a contract in 2006 with SC Tavriya Simferopol.After failing to make an appearance with Tavriya he signed with Nyva Ternopil in the Ukrainian First League.
He later played three seasons in the Ukrainian Amateur Football Championship with SCC Demnya, and made appearances in the 2015–16 Ukrainian Cup, and 2017–18 Ukrainian Cup.
In 2018, he played abroad in the Canadian Soccer League with FC Vorkuta.In his debut season with Vorkuta he assisted in securing the CSL Championship.The following season he was transferred to expansion franchise Kingsman SC for the 2019 season.
50,000 copies of the album were sold as of 2018, thus it is certified gold by the French National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing (SNEP).
The Lopian orogeny (also known as the Rebolian orogeny) was a mountain building event that affected the Baltic Shield during the Archean, between 2.9 and 2.6 billion years ago.
Studied at another art school run by proletarian painter Seifū Tsuda, where he further practiced western-style painting, landscape, and figure painting.
For this he painted surrealist diagrams in which he included information from areas of science and philosophy that he believed to best give an explanation for these things.
Within many of his paintings he also utilized the combination of an open space or landscape with various other forms, usually biological or zoomorphic figures that served to represent other structures.
During her first season with the Beauts, Elia scored 5 goals and notched 9 assists in 14 games helping the team advance to the playoffs and Isobel Cup final where they were defeated by the Metropolitan Riveters.
In seven games, she recorded multi-point games including four points against Minnesota during their Beat's 4-0 win over Minnesota on December 30.
She helped lead the team to the playoffs and their third consecutive appearance at the Isobel Cup final where they were defeated by Minnesota in overtime.
The collection grew out of earlier libraries of the various departments and colleges, the oldest collection of which dates back to 1845.
Central Library is the largest of the 7 libraries at Imperial with its collection covering all of the college's research departments, forming the main reference library for the college.
The collection was open not only to students, but also benefactors of the college, as a way of attracting funding and backing.
The college went on to form part of the Royal School of Mines and then the Normal School of Science, with each having their own libraries, often part of larger museum collections.
A central library at Imperial College dates back to the construction of the Royal College of Science's building after the formation of Imperial in 1907, part of which became home to the Science Museum library.
Although this was not part of the college, it was used extensively by members of the college, acting as a reference library for items departmental collections did not cover.
The City and Guild's College building was home to a technical collection, with the Royal College of Science building containing a chemical reference library.
Books left by students in Beit Hall were collected into a circulation library of around 400 items for personal non-academic recreational reading in the Union Building; this became known as the Haldane Library, named after Richard Haldane, who had been involved in the formation of the college.
It was named after Lord Playfair of St Andrews, who had been a professor of chemistry at the Royal School of Mines.
The initial collection was focused on engineering, as it was formed out of the Unwin Library, created through the amalgamation of many of the engineering department libraries.
Although for the time being most science departments retained their own collections, the library expanded swiftly to cover the rest of the college's activities.
In the 1960s Imperial College quickly expanded in both facilities and population as part of an expansive programme of government investment.
This resulted in the construction of new purpose built facility for the central library, which was completed in 1969 along with the adjoining College Block, today the Sherfield Building, with the Science Museum Library moving to the new building the same year.
It was originally proposed for the Science Museum Library to be fully subsumed by the college's, however this plan was dropped by 1971.
Following a consultation with Foster and Partners in 1994, the library was renovated and a Waterstones bookstore opened as part of an expansion of the ground floor in 1997.
Two additional modern glass-clad floors were added to the top of the building, with the extension designed by John McAslan + Partners.
By the same year the Haldane collection, formed earlier from the amalgamation of the Haldane library in the Central Library, had over a collection of over 40 000 items.
The Science Museum Library finally closed in 2014, with resources being moved to the Dana Centre on Queen's Gate and off-site archives.
From 2017 through to end of summer 2018 the library underwent significant renovations, including the introduction of air conditioning, at a cost of £11 million.
The Central Library building was opened in 1969 with the rest of what is today known as the Sherfield Building, and extensively uses exposed concrete surface as was common with British architecture at the time.
Central Library primarily serves students and researchers at Imperial, with the library open 24 hours a day all week, excluding Friday night.
This is the current composition of the council the president is Thomas F. Didier and the vice president is Paul Ensley.
Nick Hallett (born February 12, 1994) is a professional Canadian football defensive back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was drafted in the seventh round, 61st overall, in the 2019 CFL Draft by the Blue Bombers and was signed on May 15, 2019.
Kerfalla Emmanuel Exumé (born February 24, 1994) is a professional Canadian football defensive back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was drafted in the eighth round, 70th overall, in the 2019 CFL Draft by the Blue Bombers and was signed on May 15, 2019.
Liu Ping-wei's daughter has served on the New Taipei City Council, and his younger brother Liu Ping-hua was a member of the second Legislative Yuan.
In 2000, Liu founded the New Taiwan Policy Research Foundation, an interparty think tank of national legislators, as well as the New Taiwan Political Alliance, for supporters of James Soong.
On April 4, 2018, it was announced that the Major 2nd manga had 5.6 million copies in print, for the first 13 volumes.
In 2017, a new addition was built on to the La Crosse location and a business that sells drums relocated to Dave's.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 25 and physical channel 10, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
He also serves on the boards of several other companies including Marathon Patent Group, Dorner Manufacturing, Oden Technologies, and Sequent Software.
From 1998 to 2002 Thiel was the CEO of Lantronix, where he doubled the company's revenue growth and led to its initial public offering in 2000.
Thiel met Heath Clark, founder and CEO of Local Corporation though the Young Presidents' Organization, and joined Local Corporation's board of directors in January 2013.
He became the chairman of the board of Local Corporation in January 2014, and CEO in May 2014 following Clark's resignation due to health reasons.
Through Thiel Advisors, Thiel advises organizations such as EQT Partners and Graham Partners, their portfolio companies, and various mid-sized companies on value creation strategies.
Following Hockey Australia's overhaul of the AHL and subsequent introduction of the Sultana Bran Hockey One League in 2019, Kurt Lovett was named in the NSW Pride squad for the inaugural season.
He followed this up with two appearances in 2016, again at the Sultan of Johor Cup, winning a gold medal, and at the Junior World Cup.
In November 2019, Lovett was named in the Kookaburras team for the first time, following two years in the National Development Squad.
The 2020 Hula Bowl was a post-season college football all-star game played on January 26, 2020, at 5:30 p.m. HST (10:30 p.m. EST), at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii.
The game was the last of the 2019–20 bowl games and, while not restricted to FBS players, it was the final game of the 2019 FBS football season.
The game utilized NFL rules, with some modifications, including: all kickoffs and punts fielded by fair catch, and no blitzing allowed.
She is the director of aeronautical research within the University of Seville's ICT-109 Electronic Technology Group, a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and founder of the spin-off Skylife Engineering.
She is a board member of the Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities (PEGASUS), and is the European university coordinator of the European Defence Agency (EDA).
In 2015, she was granted the Order of Civil Merit by King Felipe VI, and in 2018 she received the from the University of Deusto.
She is an associate professor and researcher at its Department of Electronic Engineering, where she directs the aeronautical research line within the TIC-109 Electronic Technology Group.
She has held a large number of positions in the aeronautics sector, based primarily on power electronics, avionics, and electronic systems, for which she has been recognized as an IEEE Senior Member since 2011.
As of 2018, she has participated in over 70 industrial and research projects, and has been responsible for 42 aeronautical projects with technology transfer to the industry.
She was chosen by the Global Engineering Deans Council (GEDC) to head their effort to attract women students to STEM disciplines.
In addition, from June 2009 to June 2012, she was president of the Spanish chapter of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society.
In 2012, it received the Emprendedor XXI award from the Regional Government of Andalusia, which is given to encourage and recognize the development of innovative new companies and identify those that have the greatest growth potential.
In addition, since April 2011 she has been a member of the PEGASUS board, serving as vice president of the PEGASUS Network for the term April 2013 to April 2015.
She was also chosen by the web portal Mujeres & Cía as one of the top 100 most influential women in Spain in 2014, 2015, and 2018, as well as one of the 10 most influential in the Academics and Researchers category.
Since 2017, she has been the EDA's European university coordinator, and a member of the European Commission's Clean Sky Joint Undertaking.
He ranked 7th in his qualifying heat and failed to advance though he set a personal best time of 11.48 seconds.
Fa'atonu played besides semi-professional as a striker for the FFAS Senior League club Utulei Youth, as well for the American Samoa national under-17 football team.
The 2000 Kroger St. Jude International was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Memphis, United States, that was part of the ATP International Series Gold of the 2000 ATP Tour.
Liu Ping-hua (; born 6 October 1955) is a Taiwanese politician who served on the Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 1996, as a member of the Kuomintang representing Taipei County.
Sean McGuire (born February 14, 1996) is an American professional gridiron football quarterback for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
It was listed as part of a study of historic resources in Lumpkin which led to National Register nomination of 15 historic districts and individual buildings.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they will be automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
Major William Edmund Willoughby-Tottenham (died 22 August 1962) was British army major and later a politician in Fiji, where he served as a member of the Legislative Council in two spells between 1922 and 1937.
After moving to Fiji, Willoughby-Tottenham successfully contested the Vanua Levu & Taveuni seat on the Legislative Council in a 1922 by-election.
Although he was defeated by Arthur Hallam Roberts by two votes in the general elections the following year, he returned to the Legislative Council after winning the seat in the 1926 elections.
The Legislative Council was reorganised prior to the 1937 elections, with the number of elected European seats reduced from five to three.
Outside politics, Willoughby-Tottenham was president of the Fijian St John Ambulance Association and owned the Hot Springs Hotel in Savusavu together with 210 acres of land.
As of August 2019 the College Daily employed 30 in their Beijing office and 15 at their New York City office.
The College Daily has spread misleading and false information about the 2019 Hong Kong Protests including that protesters would receive a $20 million reward for killing a police officer.
In September 2019 the College Daily published a story calling for Australian journalist and academic Vicky Xiuzhong Xu’s estranged father to be expelled from China due to her outspoken journalism.
Historically the major industry was naval stores from the surrounding pine forests, but this has changed to include thriving retirement communities.
Aberdeen Creek drains of area, receives about 49.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 473.33 and is about 29% forested.
The novel centres on the unconventional family life of Army, a biracial man from Brampton, Ontario, from the time of his conception as the child of a brief affair between a white father and a Black Canadian mother who met in a hospital room while tending to their own dying parents, through to his adulthood when his parents are themselves dying.
It was expanded by a shed addition to the rear around the 1940s, and in 1980 there was a c.1930 tin garage at the back.
It was listed as part of a study of historic resources in Lumpkin which led to National Register nomination of 15 historic districts and individual buildings.
The Bobcats, led by 3rd-year head coach Baker Dunleavy, play their home games at People's United Center in Hamden, Connecticut as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
The Bobcats finished the 2018–19 season 16–15 overall, 11–7 in MAAC play to finish in a four-way tie for second place.
Horse Creek drains of area, receives about 49.2 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 466.77 and is about 37% forested.
The 1945 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1945 college football season.
Four Florida A&M players were named to the All-SIAC football team selected by the conference coaches: quarterback Leroy Cromartie; halfback Ted Montgomery; end Nathaniel Powell; and tackle Bill Brewington.
The Marriages of Mademoiselle Levy (French: Les mariages de Mademoiselle Lévy) is a 1936 French comedy film directed by André Hugon and starring Yvette Lebon, Charles Lamy and Pierre Mingand.
Since 2016, the year of its inaugural season, the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) grants several annual awards to players in the league, including Most Valuable Player, Goaltender of the Year, Best Defender, Rookie/Newcomer of the Year, Denna Laing Award (formerly the Perseverance Award), NWHL Foundation Award, Leading Scorer Award, and the NWHL Fans' Three Stars of the Season.
Connor Budarick (born 4 April 2001) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Gold Coast Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
His father, Craig, was a professional Australian rules footballer who was drafted to the Sydney Swans with pick 110 in the 1989 national draft.
Connor began playing junior football for the Labrador Tigers and joined the Gold Coast Suns developmental academy at 12 years of age.
He made his NEAFL debut for Southport at 16 years of age and became a regular for the Gold Coast Suns reserves in 2017.
Budarick attended Helensvale State High School throughout his teenage years and was given a scholarship to enter the school's AFL Sport of Excellence programme.
Leading into his 2019 junior season, Budarick was named captain of the Suns academy team and was awarded the Hunter Harrison Medal for the top performing academy player in the NAB League.
He was then selected to represent the Allies at the 2019 AFL Under 18 Championships where his performances earned him All-Australian selection.
At the CDU conference in November 2019 she was elected as one of the deputy leaders of her party, she succeeded Ursula von der Leyen who had been elected to the Presidency of the European Commission.
In March 2019 she was elected leader of the Oldenburg CDU state association and thus member of the State Executive of the CDU in Lower Saxony, under the leadership of chairman Bernd Althusmann.
As successor of Franz-Josef Holzenkamp, Breher was selected as the CDU candidate for Cloppenburg - Vechta for the 2017 federal elections.
In parliament, she is a member of the Committee on Food and Agriculture as well as a member of the Committee on Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.
She serves as the director of a research institute of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Research Academy and holds the military rank of major general.
Upon completing the 11th grade in 1982, she took the National College Entrance Examination a year early, and earned the highest marks in Heilongjiang province.
Spurred by the US military's use of information technology in the Gulf War, the Second Artillery initiated an informationization and command automation project in 1992.
Li joined the project as its youngest member and was tasked with developing a network framework and a real time data transmission system.
After the Iraq War broke out in 2003, the US military again demonstrated the advantage of information technology in battlefield, and the Second Artillery Force decided to develop a mobile command system.
Li, who had just been appointed chief engineer of a research institute of the missile force, was put in charge of the project.
The 2000 Generali Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Tennis Stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel, Austria that was part of the International Series Gold of the 2000 ATP Tour.
Morishita had initially aspired to become a novelist, but eventually decided to pursue a career in voice acting instead due to her interest in anime.
After passing an audition with the talent agency Aptepro, she would begin training as a voice actress while also pursuing university studies; she became affiliated with the company in 2016.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Makeup in Children and Teen Programming is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
In the mid 1940s, Parker began teaching metallurgy at the University of California, Berkeley and remained in his teaching position until 1978.
While at Berkeley, Parker was a chair of the material sciences department and director of the school of engineering research between the 1950s and 1960s.
Parker remained at Berkeley as a professor until his retirement in 1978 and held the position of professor emeritus from 1978 to 1988.
After directing Berkeley's school of engineering research between 1957 to 1964, Parker returned to his chair position with the material sciences department for two additional years.
Originally consisting of childhood friends Yūji Teraniji and Masuda, they were later joined by vocalist Mikiha, who had first heard of Snowman after they announced that they were looking for a female vocalist.
This was followed by the album , their first wide release, as well as the announcement that they would be making their major debut under the Sacra Music label.
She also became a fan of Nana Mizuki, and was impressed by how Mizuki was able to find success both as a singer and as a voice actress.
In 2017, Saeki decided to start a voice acting career, and trained at a school run by the talent agency Swallow.
Carmen Rosa Quesada Campos (born 12 March 1996) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Municipalidad de Majes and the Peru women's national team.
Quesada represented Peru at the 2012 South American U-17 Women's Championship and two South American U-20 Women's Championship editions (2014 and 2015).
The painting was held by Episcopal Church of the Ascension in New York for many years, until it was bought in 1981 by the Savings Bank of Valencia (now part of Bankia).
It depicts a crowd of sick and disabled naked children, including some using crutches due to polio, on the in Valencia.
They have been brought to the beach by a black-clothed monk from the Valencian , to bathe in the seawater as a therapeutic measure.
He offered to sell the painting to the Spanish state for 40,000 pesetas, but the acquisition was blocked by Conservative politicians.
The painting was sold in 1902 to the dealer Jesus Vidal in New York for the same price, 40,000 pesetas, and it was sold on in 1904 to John E. Berwind.
Berwind gave it to the Episcopal Church of the Ascension on Fifth Avenue in New York, where it remained for many years.
It was put up for sale at Sotheby's in New York in June 1981 and bought by the Savings Bank of Valencia (the Caja de Ahorros de Valencia, later part of and now part of Bankia) for $240,000.
Sorolla gave a different sketch to John Singer Sargent in 1903 (now in the Masaveu Collection in Madrid), and a third study was given to William Merritt Chase also in 1906.
His younger sister died at age four when he was eight years old, at the same time his mother diagnosed with cancer stage three when he was in middle school.
In September 2019, he competed in the fourth season of Myanmar Idol and finally, he was selected in Top 11 finalists.
On July 6, 2017, Sungmin announced that he would be taking a hiatus from Super Junior due to fan boycotts regarding his marriage in 2014.
Obrad Vučurović (Serbian: Обрад Вучуровић (July 1, 1921 - September 18, 2013) was a Serbian rocket engineer and general of the Yugoslav People's Army.
He was leading figure in the development of rocket technology at the Military Technical Institute (VTI-Vojnotehnički Institut) in Belgrade for the Yugoslav land forces.
After the war he enrolled mechanical engineering faculty in Zagreb, among other things he studied with Werner von Braun's students, who taught as visiting professors in Zagreb.
Upon his return, he served in military as officer in the garrisons of Cetinje, Kotor, Zagreb and Belgrade, until he got permanently position as head of rocket department at the Military Technical Institute (VTI) in Belgrade and became director in the sector of the Joint Development of the Land Forces at VTI (1981-1987).
The Yugoslav army had allegedly bought 6pcs of the Japanese research rocket Kappa (rocket) together with launch pad and radar that was used as basis of research for domestic anti aircraft rockets.
Modeled on the Kappa (rocket), Obrad Vučurović had the Volcano booster engine built at the Pretis (Vogosča) military plant in Sarajevo.
Later SPS Vitez plant produced finished blocks of smokeless solid fuel from the chemical raw materials supplied from ZORKA (Šabac) and Vitkovići (Goražde), which contributed to the further development of the engine of the R-262.
Obrad Vučurović enjoyed a particularly prestigious position within the hierarchy of generals of the Yugoslav People's Army due to his engineering knowledge about completely new technology's in rocket construction.
He was responsible not only for the development of weapon systems, but also for the series production of the military-industrial complex.
Due to Obrad Vučurović, some of the large arms factories constructed in Yugoslavia had reached high technological and quality standards for military products, which some factories could no longer maintain after the collapse of the country.
As a pioneer of Yugoslav rocket development, his greatest achievements was the development of the R-262 rocket and the Yugoslav M-87 Orkan multiple rocket launcher system.
M-63 Plamen was developed in 1963 as multiple rocket launcher in 128mm caliber with Obrad Vučurović as project manager and chief engineer of development.
M-77 Oganj self-propelled multiple rocket launcher development started in 1968. with Prof. Obrad Vucurević, who leaded developing and managed construction and production of the M-77 Oganj.
Professor had practically all components designed by his engineers according to his plans, without paying to much attention to the costs as goal was to get best multiple rocket system at given time.
From Germany, new equipment was bought from company Leifield for processes of cylinder press rolling for the formation of rocket engine chambers at the Pretis plant.
The SPS Vitez imported new equipment for the extrusion of 160 kg of mew two-base smokeless solid fuel (NGR 375) for the chamber of the rocket engine.
In total, in Yugoslavia, over 100 factories in the metal, chemical and automotive industries, telecommunications and electronics in Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia worked on the individual components of the weapon system KOL-15 and Orkan.
Special new alloys were required when choosing the steel and aluminum alloys in order to withstand pressures by new rocket engine.
For them, high-performance steels were produced in the Ravna steel mill in Slovenia, and the finished pipes were further processed in Pretis-Unis Bosnia nad Herzegovina.
In addition to the Prevlaka and Luštica military test sites, it was Krivolak in the then Republic of Macedonia where the weapon system was also tested.
It was not possible to use them at Prevlaka and Luštica over the Adriatic sea in order to see their deployment and explosion solid ground was needed.
In Krivolak, several villages and all livestock had to be evacuated beforehand, as the sub-munitions often in test covered more area than planned.
Besides Iraq Turkey used Orkan M-87 as basis of their TOROS artillery rocket system after illegally obtained launcher and blueprints form Muslims in Bosnia during war.
In late 90's M-96 Orkan II modification was developed on basis of ZIL-135 vehicles that where used as part of 9K52 Luna-M.
It was planned to start develoipment of rocket with range of 350km with Energoinvest Sarajevo as main investor but because of Yugoslavia war project was never finished.
Beside mentioned rocket systems(Vulcan, Plamen, Oganj, Orkan, VERA), professor Obrad Vučurović had other numerous project and scientific papers and task he worked on.
He served three stints as the head football coach at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota, in 1942, from 1946 to 1950, and from 1952 to 1960, compiling a record of 94–33–5.
His tenure was interrupted by service in the United States Navy during World War II and the United States Army during the Korean War.
Hollingsworth resigned as athletic director at Gustavus Adolphus in 1974 and retired from his post of chairman of the school's Department of Health and Physical Education in 1978.
Hollingsworth earned a master's degree from the University of Minnesota and a doctorate in education from New York University (NYU) in 1958.
A member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, she was a member of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic from 1936 to 1939.
She earned a title in educational practice in the provincial capital Pamplona, later passing a public examination to the post of school teacher in 1923 in Zaragoza.
After unsuccessfully running as PSOE candidate at the 1933 election, she was elected as member of the Republican Cortes in the constituency of Madrid–province at the 1936 election.
Espoir City (Japanese: エスポワールシチー, foaled April 22nd, 2005) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2010 February Stakes.
He won the Mile Championship Nambu Hai on October 12th, 2009 and his Grade-1 win, the 2009 Champions Cup in December.
The 2020 LPGA Tour is the 71st edition of the LPGA Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world.
The season begins at the Four Season Golf Club in Lake Buena Vista, Florida on January 16 and ends on November 22 at the Tiburón Golf Club in Naples, Florida.
The number in parentheses after each winners' name is the player's total number of wins in official money individual events on the LPGA Tour, including that event.
The 2020 Blue Bay tournament, scheduled to be held on Hainan Island, China, was cancelled by the LPGA in January 2020 after concerns relating to the coronavirus outbreak.
In an interview with The Quietus, Fogarty claimed the title of the album was inspired by the loss of his favorite t-shirt on the summit of a mountain in the Iveragh Peninsula.
Agnes Louisa Storrie (23 August 1864 – 20 August 1936) was an Australian poet, writer and one of the founders of the Wattle Day League.
In 1909 Storrie was one of the founders of the Wattle Day League, a movement that sought to celebrate Wattle Day as Australia’s national flower and raise patriotic feeling.
He went on to earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Philadelphia College of Art in 1983 and after working as a freelance illustrator for several years, he returned to college.
The 1947 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1947 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 9–1 record, including a victory over Hampton in the Orange Blossom Classic.
Key players included quarterbacks Jim Williams and Leroy Cromartie, fullback Bernie Ingraham, halfback Elman Williams, running back Ulysses Curtis, end Nathaniel Powell, William Rolle, tackle John Burgess, and center Wilbur Gary.
Prior to the team's October 18 game against , the university dedicated Bragg Stadium in honor of Jubie Bragg and his son Eugene Bragg.
Geraldine Yesenia Cisneros Matos (born 12 March 1996) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
Cisneros represented Peru at the 2012 South American U-17 Women's Championship and two South American U-20 Women's Championship editions (2014 and 2015).
Emilia Dauway MD, FACS, FRACS (born 11 August 1965) is an American trained surgeon who is practicing general, breast and oncologic surgery in Australia.
Dauway was co-inventor of the use of radioactive seeds in the breast to localise non-palpable breast cancers and the first in Australia to use magnetic seeds instead of radioactive seeds.
Dauway is also a Yoga Instructor, a Keynote speaker and is founder/director of Restore More, a non-profit initiative which provides education and funding to women in regional and geographically disadvantaged areas for breast cancer treatment and reconstruction.
She then studied for a Bachelor Degree, Natural Science from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, graduating in May 1987, and obtained a Doctorate of Medicine from the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford IL in 1992.
Dauway then completed an Internship/Residency in General Surgery at Ochsner Medical Foundation Hospital, New Orleans LA, from June 1992 to May 1997.
She was employed as an Assistant Professor of Surgery from June 1999 to April 2001, at the West Virginia University Robert C Byrd School of Medicine, Dept.
In 1999, Dr Dauway and Dr Charles Cox presented the results of a pilot study to the Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons.
Results from that study indicated that the surgeons had discovered a safe new method of taking biopsies from lesions in the breast.
From April 2001 to December 2005 Dauway worked as a General Surgeon/Surgical Oncologist at the Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, in the Dept.
Then she took the position of Chief of Surgery/Surgical Oncologist at Wilcox Memorial Hospital, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, from December 2005 to July 2012.
From June 2007 to June 2012 she was Assistant Professor of Surgery at Texas A & M Health Sciences Division of Surgical Oncology, Temple, Texas, USA and Clinical Instructor of Surgery at John Burns Medical School, Hawaii, USA, from June 2012 to Dec 2014.
Her last appointment in the USA, was Chief of Breast Surgery at Scott and White Healthcare, Texas, USA, from July 2012 to December 2014.
In 2014, IntraMedical Imaging LLC, licensed a key patent from the University of South Florida for the new breast cancer treatment co-invented by Dauway and Dr. Charles Cox, McCann Foundation Endowed Professor of Breast Surgery.
The seed localization technique had been further refined and allowed surgeons to be guided by mammography, to place small radioactive seeds inside the patient’s breast lump.
The seeds are tracked to guide the surgeon to the lump, which minimizes the volume of breast tissue removed, resulting in a less invasive surgical option for patients, and better outcomes.
In January 2015, Dauway moved to Australia and was employed as a Specialist General Surgeon/Surgical Oncologist/Consultant at the Gladstone Mater Hospital and the Gladstone District Hospital, in Gladstone, Queensland, with her time divided equally between the two hospitals.
From October 2015 to 2018 Dauway was also employed in the academic position of Senior Lecturer at the University of Queensland School of Medicine, in the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
She was the first surgeon in Australia to offer Magseed localization for breast cancer surgery, using small magnetic seeds, the size of a grain of rice, instead of radioactive seeds or the more traditional use of hook-wires.
With the increased risk of infection with hook-wire technique, women from rural areas often had to travel to have this implanted and it needed to be done on the same day as the breast surgery.
Dauway left Gladstone in January 2020, to take up a position as Specialist General Surgeon/Surgical Oncologist/Consultant at the Hervey Bay Hospital & St. Stephens Private Hospital, Queensland.
Dauway founded Restore More, a non-profit organisation, to provide education and funding to women in regional and geographically disadvantaged areas, to allow better access to breast cancer treatment and reconstruction.
After working in Central Queensland, Dauway noticed that rural and remote patients had barriers preventing them from accessing the full range of reconstruction options open to those living in cities.
Reconstruction is not just cosmetic as those who have had one breast removed can suffer from muscular-skeletal problems and issues with balance.
Only one in ten Australian women will be offered reconstructive surgery and Dauway aims to increase awareness of options and improve access.
In her practice, as well as removing the cancer, she aims for the person to be restored mentally and physically in order to live a quality life after treatment.
In 2019, at the Regional Women's Network, CQ Inc (RWN), Dauway won the Inspirational Woman of the Year 2019 award and was the first to receive the Ann Augusteyn Trophy.
Dauway was the co-inventor of the use of radioactive seeds in the breast to localise non-palpable breast cancers and the first in Australia to use magnetic seeds instead of radioactive seeds.
A parcel map showing the oblong 3.80 acre lot upon which the house was located is included in the NRHP document.
It appears that the house has been demolished or otherwise lost, however, because no building can be discerned in satellite view imagery of the site.
And review of Talbot County tax assessor map information shows the same oblong 3.80 acre lot having no building upon it.
DreamWorks Water Park is an under-construction indoor water park within the American Dream Meadowlands shopping and entertainment complex, at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States.
DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg announced in July 2012 that some of the amusement attractions would be themed upon DreamWorks productions.
In September 2016, Triple Five announced that the indoor amusement park space would be occupied by Nickelodeon Universe, and that DreamWorks Animation would work in partnership to develop the water park.
Six days before the scheduled opening, Triple Five announced that they were postponing the water park opening again due to undisclosed reasons.
According to the mall's organizers, DreamWorks Water Park will be the largest indoor water park in the United States, at .
Specific areas will include an area themed around Shrek's Soggy Swamp; a Kung Fu Panda-themed children's play area called the Kung Fu Panda Zone; and a Madagascar-themed tower called Madagascar Rain Forest with 15 water slides.
DreamWorks Water Park will also contain a set of dueling slides, the world's second-tallest body slides, starting from a height of and featuring a free fall.
The 2019–20 Long Beach State Beach men's basketball team represents California State University, Long Beach in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
They lost in the second round of the Big West Conference Tournament in Anaheim, having defeated 4th-seeded Hawaii in the first round before losing to top seed UC Irvine 67-75, ending their season.
Hosted by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, the special was aired on November 9, 2019, on HBO, followed by a November 17 airing on PBS.
Many of the retired cast members and characters reunited on the street for the first time in years since their last appearances.
He was one of several men taken prisoner by the English in 1170, when Waterford was captured by Richard de Clare.
Ragnall is noted by a fourteenth-century legal enquiry which sought to determine whether a slain man was an Ostman—and thus entitled to English law—or an Irishman.
Probably in May of that year, an English advance party under Raymond le Gros and Hervey de Montemercy overcame the Waterfordians and their allies outside the town at Baginbun.
The following August, Richard de Clare arrived on the scene, linked up with the English at Baginbun, stormed Waterford, and seized it.
Although two of these men—both named Sitric—are stated to have been executed, Ragnall and Máel Sechnaill Ua Fáeláin are said to have been spared on account of the intervention of Diarmait Mac Murchada.
On 17 October 1171, Henry II, King of England made landfall in Ireland, probably at Crook, about five miles east of Waterford.
The case revolved around the murder of Eóin, son of Ímar Mac Gilla Muire, and sought to determine whether Eóin was an Ostman or Irishman.
Although the defendant, one Robert le Waleys, admitted to killing Eóin, he pleaded that the act was not a felony because Eóin was an Irishman and not of free blood.
The Crown, represented by John, son of John, son of Robert le Poer, argued that Eóin was instead an Ostman as a member of the Mac Gilla Muire family.
As such, John argued that Eóin was entitled to protection under English law in Ireland on account of a charter issued by Henry—and later confirmed by Edward I, King of England—in which such protection was specifically granted to members of the family and other Ostmen.
After the king landed, the juror's stated that Ragnall and some of his followers were captured, taken to Waterford, and hanged by the English.
Although Roger's account is the only source to record Ragnall's submission, it is unknown why such an act would have been recorded if it were not an historical fact.
It is possible that Ragnall, or one of several earlier like-named men who ruled Waterford, is the eponym of Reginald's Tower, a fifty-four foot high stone tower in Waterford.
The present structure of Reginald's Tower may date to the thirteenth century, and it may occupy the site of an earlier fortress.
If this account is based upon an historical fact, it could refer an attempt by the Waterfordians to block the English fleet further down river at Passage across from Dunbrody.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Illinois Wesleyan University in 2002 where she was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.
She was awarded a National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellowship which led to her doing postdoctoral work at Harvard Medical School under Professor Jon Clardy.
Laura also has been working to provide skills from research experience in a nontraditional way for students who may not be able to do research.
She has developed a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE)-lab course which aims to give students a lot of the same skills as traditional research experience would.
Illés Bródy ( , December 27, 1899 – November 11, 1953) was a Hungarian-born journalist and author who lived in the United States from the 1930s.
The couple had met in Paris, married in Budapest, and settled in New York City, but the marriage proved tumultuous and ended in divorce in 1932: Brody (then described as a portrait artist) had reportedly bashed Leightmer prior to their engagement, and attempted suicide several times during the course of their relationship.
The couple was also involved in a highly publicized court case when Leightmer unsuccessfully sued a prominent American banker, Jefferson Seligman, for breach of promise.
In 1932, after separating from Leightmer, Brody was convicted in London, England of blackmailing two American sisters, Mildred Reid Burke and Constance Reid Netcher.
The 1938 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1938 college football season.
Defensively, the team still holds school records for both fewest yards allowed (951 yards in eight games) and fewest first downs allowed (53 in eight games).
Moto G8 (stylized by Motorola as moto g) is a series of Android smartphones developed by Motorola Mobility, a subsidiary of Lenovo; it is the eighth generation of the Moto G family and was first released on October 2019, only 8 months after the previous generation.
The G8 Plus and Play were announced in October 2019 and released in October and November 2019 in Europe and Latin America; an international version was also released.
The phyllodes are linear and 10–20 cm long by 2.5–6 mm wide and acute with a dense silvery appressed covering which is sparse on the older phyllodes.
The inflorescences consist of 2–4-headed racemes with the raceme axes being 1–4 mm long and also covered in dense hairs, on hairy peduncles which are 7–12 mm long.
It has been found only in southern inland Queensland, from near Adavale and near Thargomindah on the slopes of red sand dunes and on alluvial soils in open shrubland.
Elliot Gómez López (born 11 June 1999) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for CD Tenerife B as a left winger.
On 18 July 2018, after finishing his formation, he was loaned to Segunda División B side Burgos CF for the season.
Elliot made his senior debut on 25 August 2018, playing the last nine minutes in a 0–2 away loss against SD Ponferradina.
Elliot made his professional debut on 22 November 2019, coming on as a late substitute for goalscorer Suso Santana in a 2–0 away defeat of Sporting de Gijón for the Segunda División championship.
Aatu Räty (born 14 November 2002) is a Finnish professional ice hockey centre currently playing for Oulun Kärpät of the Finnish Liiga.
His brother, Aku, also plays for Kärpät and was drafted in the 5th round of the 2019 NHL Entry Draft by the Arizona Coyotes.
The 1942 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1942 college football season.
The Purple Eagles, led by 1st-year head coach Greg Paulus, play their home games at the Gallagher Center in Lewiston, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
The Purple Eagles finished the 2018–19 season 13–19 overall, 6–12 in MAAC play to finish in a three-way tie for ninth place.
On October 24, it was announced that head coach Patrick Beilein would be stepping down from his job, citing personal reasons.
The 2020 season is Bangkok United Football Club's 12th in the new era since they took over from Bangkok University Football Club in 2009.
It is the 5th season in the Thai League and the club's 10th (8th consecutive) season in the top flight of the Thai football league system since returning in the 2013 season.
The plot revolves around three teenagers, two of whom have acquired superpower(s) after making a deal with a supernatural being so they can solve a murder.
Two teenagers, Sofiane and Victor, make a pact with a voodoo god Obé to allow them solve and avenge the apparent murder of Sofiane's brother, Reda.
They also enlist the help of Luisa, who practices voodoo with her grandmother, so they may be free of the grip that Obé has on them and banish Obé from the world.
The history of video gaming in Spain dates back to the 1970s, and by 2014 the country was the 10th-highest-grossing market for video games worldwide.
Topo Soft followed with ' in 1988, whose high sales of 100,000 units likewise inspired the company to pursue licensed sports titles.
According to Garin and Martínez, international games were less popular and less respected in Spain than domestic products during the golden age, among both video game players and video game magazines.
Researchers have cited multiple reasons for the crash, including poor marketing and distribution chains, the rising popularity of game consoles over microcomputers and the inability of Spanish teams to adapt to the changing nature of game development itself.
In 1948 the segregated city required a certified librarian as a prerequisite to open a library for the city's African American residents.
Williams, who had recently graduated from Atlanta University, took the position, established the Union Street Library, and worked in libraries for most of her life.
Williams earned a bachelor's degree in library science from Alabama State University in 1943, and a master's degree in library science from Atlanta University in 1946.
Williams spent much of her professional life in the Montgomery Library System, and worked in the library field for fifty years.
Williams also worked at Alabama State University Library for fourteen years, and served as Head of the rare Book Collection and archives for seven of those years.
In 2012, the Montgomery City Council voted to rename the Rosa Parks Library branch to the Bertha Pleasant-Williams Library at the Rosa Parks Avenue Branch.
The 2nd Tank Regiment () was a tank regiment of the Italian Army based in San Vito al Tagliamento in Friuli Venezia Giulia.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but on 1 June 1999 it became part of the cavalry.
The regiment was formed on 15 September 1936 in Montorio Veronese as 2nd Tank Infantry Regiment with four battalions: IV, V, and XI assault tanks battalions and the III Breach Tanks Battalion.
With the regiment the battalion operated in Dalmatia and Venezia Giulia in 1940, before being sent to North Africa for the Western Desert Campaign.
As the war flag of the 2nd Tank Infantry Regiment had passed to the 32nd Tank Regiment, the 22nd Piccinini was granted a new war flag and a coat of arms on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
In 1992 the battalion was elevated to regiment without changing size or organization, but already in 1995 the regiment was disbanded and its war flag transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
The Secret: Dare to Dream is an upcoming American drama film, directed by Andy Tennant, from a screenplay by Tennant, Bekah Brunstetter and Rick Parks.
In August 2017, it was announced Katie Holmes had joined the cast of the film, with Andy Tennant directing from a screenplay he wrote alongside Bekah Brunstetter and Rick Parks, based upon the 2006 novel of the same name by Rhonda Byrne.
In November 2019, Roadside Attractions and Gravitas Ventures acquired distribution rights to the film and set it for a April 17, 2020, release.
Thiadric Hansen (born December 26, 1992) is a professional Canadian football linebacker for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was drafted second overall in the 2019 European CFL Draft by the Blue Bombers and was added to the roster on May 15, 2019.
He then joined the Potsdam Royals in 2019 before getting the invitation to try out for the CFL just before the start of the 2019 GFL season.
In the Grey Cup he had a thunderous hit on special teams taking out both a blocker and the returner, a hit for which he received national acclaim.
Hansen and the Bombers would go on to win the game against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats ending a championship drought of 28 years for Winnipeg.
The Statue of Georg Zoëga is a statue of the Danish archeologist Georg Zoëga located in the garden of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, facing Tietgensgade, in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Zoëga is depicted sitting on a chair and studying a diminutive version of a Greek statue of a woman which he holds in his left hand.
A model of the statue was commissioned by Carl Jacobsen in 1908 to mark the one hundred year's anniversary of Zoëga's death the following year.
The Hellenic orogeny was a mountain building event that affected what is now Greece, the Aegean Sea and western Turkey, beginning in the Jurassic as a series of small continents and remnant oceanic crust collided with Eurasia.
The oceanic crust of the Neotethys ocean subducted between the newly compounded Cimmerian-Eurasia continent, but obducted some more ophiolites onto the edge of the Cimmerian crust.
Tectonic activity resumed in the early Cenozoic when the small Apulia plate collided with the Cimmerian-Eurasian rocks causing intense imbrication and the deposition of the Pindos flysch.
The final phase of the process came in the Miocene and Pliocene, during the Mesogean orogeny, when the combined Mesogean-African plate subducted beneath what is now Greece, the Aegean and parts of western Turkey.
The Cimmerian orogenic belt in Greece comprises the Serbomacedonian, Circum Rhodope, Axios, Pelagonian and Rhodope zones, while the Bayburt, Sinop, Kirklareli and Sakarya zones are situated in Turkey.
Apatite and zircon analysis in the southern Aegean suggests that metamorphism in the Cenozoic phase of the orogeny never exceeded 300 degrees Celsius.
The Tritiya Prastuti Committee(TPC) was formed in 2002 when several cadres broke away from Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) due to its perceived domination of Yadav caste in decision making and discrimination of so-called Dalits led to the formation of the TPC by non-Yadavs chiefly the Mahtos, Ganjhus, Bhokta, Oraon and Kharwars among others.
A report in The Hindu claimed that later TPC cadres handed over the bodies of Maoists to troopers of Commando Battalion for Resolute Action(CoBRA), an elite counter-insurgency wing of the Central Reserve Police Force.
Because of the high variation of this process, fertility is not recommended to be a method of contraception by medical providers.
The physiological importance of this inhibition is so that women who are breastfeeding have a decreased likelihood of a subsequent pregnancy while they are still wanting to breastfeed.
Breastfeeding is not a sole method of postpartum contraception that is recommended by medical providers, because it is so highly variable.
Each woman’s body is different and therefore there are no set percentages or data on how much time would increase fertility and by how much.
Medical providers will often recommend that sexually active postpartum woman be on some form contraceptive to avoid a subsequent pregnancy if desired, due to the low reliability of breastfeeding as a contraceptive.
Prolactin regulates the production of milk and delivery of that milk into the alveoli of breast tissue where it waits to be excreted.
Oxytocin regulates the excretion of milk by targeting the layer of smooth muscle cells that surround the alveoli, causing them to contract.
As this muscle contracts, milk is forced out of the alveoli, through ducts, and out of the breast via the nipple.
If breastfeeding did not have any effect on fertility, then newly postpartum women would have an increased likelihood of getting pregnant.
If they were to become pregnant again within the period of time in which they are breastfeeding their newborn, their next pregnancy would inhibit the production of milk as explained above.
A memorial commemorating victims of the September 11 attacks, known as the 9/11 Memorial or Garden of Remembrance, is installed in Boston Public Garden, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
The 2019 Liga 2 Final was the final match of the 2019 Liga 2, the 10th season of second-tier competition in Indonesia organised by PT Liga Indonesia Baru, and the third season since it was renamed from the Liga Indonesia Premier Division to the Liga 2.
The Colts–Texans rivalry is a professional American football rivalry in the National Football League (NFL) between the Indianapolis Colts and the Houston Texans.
While being one of the newest rivalries in the NFL due to the Texans' formation in 2002 and the Colts' reallocation to the AFC South division that year, this rivalry has increased in intensity over the 2010s despite being lopsided in favor of Indianapolis during the 2000s.
Though Colts fans generally view the Texans simply as a divisional opponent, many Texans fans see the Colts as their top rival due to their long period of dominance in the series.
Indianapolis won the first nine games in the series as they were a perennial Super Bowl contender under quarterback Peyton Manning while the Texans struggled in their first years in the NFL, finally attaining their first winning season in 2009 and becoming a playoff contender through much of the 2010s.
Houston's first NFL Team was the Houston Oilers, who had moved to Memphis, Tennessee and later Nashville, Tennessee to become the Tennessee Titans.
Bob McNair then spearheaded an effort to get the NFL to create an expansion team in Houston to replace the Oilers and even out the league's teams at 32.
The AFC South was created with the Texans joining as an expansion team, the Titans and Jacksonville Jaguars joining from the former AFC Central, and the Colts joining from the AFC East.
The Titans and Jaguars were already rivals coming into the division, but the Colts and Texans would have to develop new divisional rivalries, as Indianapolis would leave behind its old rivalries from the AFC East, including a developing rivalry with the New England Patriots.
Efforts for Houston to develop any heated rivalries in the 2000s were for naught, as the Texans were one of the NFL's bottom tier teams for much of their first nine years of playing.
Indianapolis, on the other hand, was one of the NFL's powerhouses, featuring a stellar offense with quarterback Peyton Manning and receivers Marvin Harrison and Reggie Wayne.
The Colts won the division 7 out of 9 years during this period and managed to make the playoffs each time.
The Colts and Texans first met on September 22, 2002 at Reliant Stadium in Houston, with Manning passing for 272 yards and two touchdowns while Texans rookie quarterback David Carr struggled, only amassing 99 yards, an interception, and a 47.3 passer rating as the Colts routed the Texans 23–3.
The Colts wound up winning each of the first nine meetings between the teams, including a 49–14 victory at the RCA Dome in 2004, before Houston finally beat Indianapolis in week 16 of the 2006 season.
Peyton Manning wound up having a 16–2 record against the Texans while with the Colts before being released and signing with the Denver Broncos after sitting out the 2011 season due to injury.
The Texans routed the Manning-less Colts 34–7 in Houston in during opening day of the 2011 season, but were upset during the rematch in Indianapolis after Colts backup quarterback Dan Orlovsky completed a last-minute pass to Reggie Wayne for a touchdown, allowing Indianapolis to win 19–16.
By the second game, both starting quarterbacks had been placed on injured reserve for the teams; in addition to Manning missing the whole season, Texans starter Matt Schaub had been sidelined with a Lisfranc injury, forcing rookie T. J. Yates to play in his stead.
Nonetheless, the Colts suffered a 2–14 season without Manning, while the Texans still made the playoffs despite Schaub missing the last six games of the season, winning the AFC South for their first division title and playoff berth in franchise history.
The Colts then obtained the first overall pick in the 2012 NFL draft, which they then used to select Stanford quarterback and Houston native Andrew Luck to fill in the void left by Manning.
The Texans dominated the Colts during Luck's first game in the rivalry, clinching a second consecutive divisional title with the 29–17 win in week 15 of 2012.
However, this would be Indianapolis' last divisional loss until 2015, as the Colts would win the next six in a row against Houston.
Houston broke the streak with a 16–10 win at Lucas Oil Stadium on October 8, 2015, which was the first time the Texans beat the Colts on the road.
The following year, quarterback Brock Osweiler led the Texans to their first ever season sweep of the Colts in his only season with Houston.
Despite the growing animosity between the two teams, many players and executives from the Colts organization helped the Texans with donations and fundraising in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey at the start of the 2017 season.
Houston had won the division thanks to strong play from quarterback Deshaun Watson and the defense, while Indianapolis had overcome a 1–5 start to clinch a wild-card berth at 10–6.
The Colts won the game thanks to effective play from Luck, running back Marlon Mack, and their defense, keeping Houston scoreless until the fourth quarter with a 21–7 win.
In 2019, the Texans and Colts were both in position to contend for the AFC South title, despite Indianapolis losing Andrew Luck to a sudden retirement prior to the season.
The Colts won the first meeting 30–23 thanks to four touchdown passes from new quarterback Jacoby Brissett, but the Texans won 20–17 in week 12 thanks to two touchdown passes from Watson to receiver DeAndre Hopkins.
Located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S., the Hall was created to celebrate the contributions of cowboys and cowgirls from around the world.
The hall of fame has the largest rodeo collection in the nation and claims to be the first rodeo hall of fame.
Inductees include competitors from the main rodeo events such as bull riding, bronc riding, barrel racing, steer wrestling, tie-down roping, steer roping, and team roping.
Together with the Anabar Shield further to the northwest, the Aldan Shield is one of the main features of the craton.
The Aldan Shield geological region coincides geographically with the Aldan Highlands, located at the southern end of the Sakha Republic, between the Aldan River and the Uchur River.
The exposed crust parts of the shield date back to the Archean and reflect the first phases of accretion of the crust.
They only emerge in a few areas, the eastern and northern sectors of the shield being largely covered by sediments accumulated between the end of the Precambrian and the Cambrian, while in the western and southern regions they have undergone processes of tectonic rejuvenation that have brought about the formation of new structures above and below.
In 1992, he was posthumously awarded Olympic gold and bronze medals for pigeon-shooting events deemed to form part of the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Their only son Donald James Roy Mackintosh was born in 1902, but died of measles in Menton, France, in December 1907.
As a young boy, Mackintosh learnt to shoot with an old muzzleloader, using it to hunt crows and rabbits with lead and black powder.
He joined the Melbourne Gun Club in 1889, and within six months had attained the maximum handicap of , which he held for the rest of his career.
Mackintosh participated in live bird shoots at least three days per week, and much of the rest of his time was spent hunting game, especially quail.
Mackintosh left Australia in 1896 to travel on the more lucrative European shooting circuit, participating in tournaments in England, Belgium, France, Monaco, Spain and Italy.
He won the London Gun Club Challenge Cup three times, the Grand Prix at Monte Carlo twice, the Belgian championships, and the grands prix of Italy, Aix-les-Bains, Milan, and Madrid.
He was said to have won 30 gold medals and over £20,000 in prize money, equivalent to approximately A$4 million in 2014.
Mackintosh has been cited by the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) as one of three Australians who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, along with swimmer Frederick Lane and runner Stan Rowley.
Mackintosh shot 22 birds in a row, one more than the Spanish runner-up; each shooter was eliminated after missing one bird.
When all but the last four shooters had been eliminated, the remaining competitors agreed to split the prize money equally between them.
In 1956, Hungarian historian Ferenc Mező was commissioned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to compile a comprehensive list of Olympic champions.
This error was not brought to the attention of the IOC until 1987, when Australian historians Reet and Max Howell conducted further research.
However, the IOC did not formally confirm Mackintosh as an Olympic gold medallist in shooting until 1992, following a visit from the AOC's official historian Harry Gordon to IOC headquarters.
This reclassification means that Patricia Dench is now officially regarded as Australia's first Olympic shooting medallist, for a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
In 1922, Mackintosh participated in an exhibition of clay pigeon shooting in order to raise money for a library in Rockbank, his birthplace.
He later became one of the founders of the Australian Clay Pigeon and Trap Shooting Association (ACPTSA), the predecessor of the current Australian Clay Target Association (ACTA).
In 1939, Mackintosh donated a trophy worth 100 guineas for an international trap tournament, to be contested between teams from Australia and the Home Nations.
Mackintosh was posthumously inducted into the ACTA Hall of Fame in 2010, and into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2012.
The Italian missionary film was first introduced in a 1922 work produced in the country by Capuchin monks collaborating with the colonial government.
2020 is the fourth year in the history of Legacy Fighting Alliance, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States.
Legacy Fighting Alliance 80: Garcia vs. Marsical was the eighty-first event of Legacy Fighting Alliance and took place on January 17, 2020.
Legacy Fighting Alliance 81: Emmers vs. Barosa was the eighty-second event of Legacy Fighting Alliance and took place on January 31, 2020.
Legacy Fighting Alliance 82: Polizzi vs. Pogues was the eighty-third event of Legacy Fighting Alliance and took place on February 21, 2020.
Legacy Fighting Alliance 83: Jackson vs. Chaulet was the eighty-fourth event of Legacy Fighting Alliance and took place on March 6, 2020.
The geology of the Norwegian Sea began to form 60 million years ago in the early Cenozoic, as rifting led to the eruption of mafic oceanic crust, separating Scandinavia and Greenland.
Together with the North Sea the Norwegian Sea has become highly researched since the 1960s with the discovery of oil and natural gas in thick offshore sediments on top of the Norwegian continental shelf.
The metamorphic crystalline basement rock underlying the continental shelf in the Norwegian Sea is related to the ancient continent Baltica, which now forms the stable East European Craton.
Early rifts began in the late Paleozoic between what is now Norway and Greenland during the time of the Caledonian orogeny.
Rifting seemingly continued through the Carboniferous, Permian and into the Mesozoic, but subsequent tectonic activity and thick overlying sediment complicates the record.
The Harstad, Tromsø, Bjørnøya and Sørvestsnaget basins all developed during the late Jurassic and into the Cretaceous as the rifting which formed the Atlantic ocean propagated northward and began to open the Norwegian Sea.
Fine-grained clastic rock filled in the Vøring and Møre basins by the mid-Cretaceous while coarser material continued to fill in the Vøring basin during the Cenomanian and Campanian.
The rifting which finally completed the opening of the sea from 60 to 55 million years ago created the Utgard High and Fles Fault Complex, uplifted southwestern Norway and led to the eruption of large volumes of lava for almost six million years.
Reverse faults and the formation of domes and anticlines at some point in the mid-Cenozoic and the Molo Formation indicate some mild tectonic activity and a slight uplift of western Scandinavia.
Initially, there were concerns that when thick layers of lava deposited they may have superheated the rocks, perhaps generating natural gas.
The Ormen Lange natural gas field started producing from Cretaceous and Paleocene sandstones sometimes over a kilometer beneath the water and beneath Storegga slide debris in the Møre basin.
Throughout the 1990s the Norwegian Deepwater Program conducted research on the debris field of this massive underwater landslide, 8000 years ago, to determine if oil and gas development would be safe in the field.
The Hong Kong Medical Licensing Examination (HKMLE) is a required assessment for doctors that graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong and forms part of the pathway to medical licensure in Hong Kong.
According to the Medical Registration Ordinance, the purpose of passing the HKMLE shows the achievement of a standard acceptable for registration as a medical practitioner in Hong Kong.
In order to qualify to take the HKMLE non-local medical graduates must first apply and undergo vetting of their medical education and training by the Medical Council of Hong Kong.
The exam consists of three parts: Part I) Examination in Professional Knowledge, Part II) Proficiency Test in Medical English, and Part III) Clinical Examination.
The Medical Council has responded that the examination is set at the same level as the final MB examination of the HKU MBBS/ CUHK MBChB, with questions taken from the same question bank.
In order to facilitate preparation for the exam, the Medical Council launched an exam portal on 11 October 2018 with suggested readings and topics, instructive videos, and other information about the exam.
Beyond Love (Italian: Oltre l'amore) is a 1940 Italian historical drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Alida Valli, Amedeo Nazzari and Osvaldo Valenti.
These engines were the first of the Witte models to carry the walking-beam valve mechanism that characterized the entire line until November, 1923.
Sreelakshmi Sreekumar (born 11 May 1995) is an Indian actress and anchor who has acted in Malayalam Films and anchored TV shows.
In her school days, Sreelakshmi Sreekumar got an offer to act in some films but she refused to accept the offers since that may affect her studies.
Around the middle of the Kamakura period, the shogun Kujō Yoritsune commanded the monk Sengaku to continue the work that had been begun by .
The scroll was held by Maeda Matsu, the wife of Maeda Toshiie, and in the time of Maeda Toshitsune entered the holdings of the Katsura-no-miya household.
Later, he was awarded the Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade, but he bemoaned his having spent a decade at the Zusho-ryō and stagnating in the Fifth Rank, and so made a request to be assigned the governorship of Awaji Province.
In computer science, the two-way string-matching algorithm is an efficient string-searching algorithm that can be viewed as a combination of the forward-going Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm and the backward-running Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm.
Breslauer has two improvements with fewer comparisons: one with constant space and n+floor(1+eps/2 * (n-m)) comparisons, the other with log(m) space and n + floor((n-m)/2) comparisons.
However, it does so via partitioning (critical factorization) of the needle into two halves, so that only one value needs to be remembered from preprocessing.
It is selected as the glibc (and the derived newlib; str-two-way.h) and musl algorithm for the memmem and strstr family of substring functions.
However, as with most advanced string-search algorithms, there tends to be a break-even point in the size of both the haystack and the needle, before which a naive quadratic (memchr-memcmp) implementation is more efficient.
Maud Hester von Ossietzky (née Lichfield-Woods; December 12, 1888, Hyderabad – May 12, 1974, Berlin) was a suffragette and the wife of German journalist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Carl von Ossietzky.
Whether she was a supportive wife or incapable of helping her husband, neither she nor her husband's famous international friends could release him from Nazi concentration camps.
He was awarded the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize during this period, though his sickness did not allow him to accept it in person.
Carl von Ossietzky was buried in a municipal cemetery, and Maud would spend the next years fighting to move his body to a cemetery in the Berlin neighborhood of Pankow.
Von Ossietzky invested the money awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize with lawyer Kurt Wannow, but Wannow embezzled the sum in 1937.
During World War II, Rosalinde was sent to a Quaker boarding school in England through the support of Ernst Toller and the Quakers.
Another source claims that Maud and Rosalinde emigrated to Sweden via England, though there are no other sources that place Maud in Sweden.
German sources tend to ascribe Maud a more positive and active role, while English-language scholarship often describes her in less complimentary terms.
His father was Fujiwara no Akihira and his mother (whose name is not known) was a daughter of Taira no Sanshige (平実重).
Atsutane lost his father when he was four by traditional Japanese reckoning (i.e., in his fourth year), and he was raise by his elder brother.
Atsumitsu died on the 28th day of the tenth month of the first year of Ten'yō (24 November 1144 by the Julian calendar), when he was 82 by traditional Japanese reckoning.
Whole blood clotting test (WBCT) a blood test used to check the coagulation mechanism in the blood following a snake bite.
If the test is positive after a bite in South East Asia it indicates the snake was a viper rather than a elapid.
The test is done by collecting 2 ml of venous blood in a dry and clean glass tube.The clot and stability of the formed clot is checked after 20 minutes .
Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha (IAST: ) denotes a subgroup of Hindus of the Kayastha caste that are mainly concentrated in the Hindi Belt of North India.
They were largely employed as scribes, clerks and administrators from early Hindu kingdoms up to the Muslim conquests of North India.
According to the earliest known writings from the ancient Hindu texts, the Bhavishya Puranas, Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas descended from the Hindu god, Chitragupta, who was conceived from the body of the Hindu god, Brahma, who gave Chitragupta and his descendants the duties to separate good from evil.
As per Puranic literature, Chitragupta gave birth to 12 sons, each of whom represent the 12 patrilineal Chitraguptavanshi subcastes commonly recognized today.
Various sources suggest that the Kayasthas were created by the gradual intermixing of different castes who were formerly employed by early Mughal kings to serve as scribal elites, becoming known as a separate caste of writers during the British Raj.
Chitragupta Puja is an annual festival celebrated by Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas in which ceremonial rituals involving the use of books and pens are performed for Chitragupta in order to gain blessings and good fortune for the year.
Daisy (originally named Spooks) was a canine actor who appeared in more than 50 Hollywood films during the 1930s and 1940s.
Reportedly, Renfro and his pup made $1,000 a week, and Renfro used the money to buy them a house in Toluca Lake, California.
Fu attended elementary school in Pingtung County, middle school in , Zhongshan District, Taipei, and graduated from Taipei Municipal Jianguo High School.
Fu taught as an associate professor at his alma mater, as well as National Chengchi University, Soochow University, Tamkang University, Chinese Culture University, and National Taiwan Ocean University.
He was elected to the second National Assembly in December 1991, then contested the 1995 Taiwan legislative election for a seat on the Legislative Yuan as a New Party representative of Taipei County.
Marjorie Ann Mutchie (sometimes credited as Marjorie Kent) is a former American child actress who gained fame for playing the role of Cookie Bumstead in the Blondie film series in the 1940s.
On 12 December 2014 Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha launched phase two at the IAF Auditorium, New Delhi.
There are various other similarities also in the sense of overall graphics, but on the other hand user-interface and game design has changed.
Uretiti Beach () is a stretch of beach between Ruakākā and Waipu on Bream Bay to the south of Whangarei in Northland, New Zealand.
It comprises the coastal side of the Uretiti Recreation Reserve and Uretiti Scenic Reserve, and is served by a Department of Conservation (DOC) campground within the Recreation Reserve.
Its northern and southern extremities are defined by DOC boundaries rather than topographical features; it shades into Ruakākā Beach adjacent to Ruakākā township at the northern end, and into the Waipu Wildlife Refuge near Waipu town at the southern end.
DOC warns visitors to clean their shoes upon leaving to avoid spreading kauri dieback disease, and notes that wasp nests are a hazard in the area.
Uretiti is a popular site for New Year's Eve revelry; visitors wishing to camp during the peak of the season are advised to book in advance.
New Year revellers and other visitors frequently light fireworks or bonfires on the beach despite total fire bans in the area; fireworks are believed to be responsible for a fire which claimed of scrub in 2016.
Nudity is not permitted within the DOC campground; campers found in breach of this rule are asked to dress or leave the site.
Tensions have arisen between visiting crab-fishers and local residents, who allege that the fishers frequently leave animal carcasses, used as crab bait, on the beach.
As a large proportion of these fishers are of East Asian origin, calls for crab-fishing to be banned in the area have become racially charged.
Benjamin Rich (born 1 July 1974), better known by his YouTube channel name Bald and Bankrupt, is an English travel vlogger and author.
He began his YouTube channel in June 2018, documenting the Indian subcontinent and the post-Soviet states before expanding to the rest of the world.
In March 1993, he went on a backpacking trip to India, flying into Delhi's Indira Gandhi Airport for what was supposed to be a one-month backpacking journey, but became so interested in Indian culture that he stayed there for four years and opened up a small hotel.
He has stated that his admiration started with an interest with Belarusian gymnast Svetlana Boginskaya during his adolescence, but it was during a two-month long stay in Moscow in 1993 that his interest in the place started, as he was there to witness the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis.
Rich was declared bankrupt in the UK in January 2017, which later gave him the source of his YouTube channel's title.
Adzika is a Belarusian national and a structural engineer based in Prague; she is also an extreme travel and adventure enthusiast.
She is a polyglot and often acts as a translator for Rich in more complex Russian conversations, as well as the Czech and Belarusian languages.
This was followed by two men who approached Rich, inspected his documents, and gave him 30 minutes to leave the area.
A journalist at Storypick later reviewed the pair's footage and found they had indeed been sold three pairs, and proceeded to remove a pair before claiming they had been scammed.
Anuet payam is bordering Gemeiza County in the current Terekeka State at the South, touches Kalthok and Amatnhom in Eastern Lakes State to the West, Pariak boma/payam to the North and Pibor County in Boma State to the East.
Anuet payam has about four major bomas, which include; Anuet Centre/Thonathiei boma (also known as Majak), Malou boma, Jam boma, Bangachorot boma (also known as Makuach), and other uninhabited bomas like Pinymayom, Alang, Akäy, Pan Pitia, and swampy boma of Laguli.
Anuet payam is the residential home of Abii people, and sharing borders with many communities of South Sudan like Mundari, Murle, Bari, and Aliab respectively.
These are politically-oriented changes made by the government of South Sudan, as well as, complying with the demands of the local people.
He is the overall supervisor to his local chiefs and reports to the government of state directly until the further notice when the leadership of Bor South County comes into effect after the land crisis is resolved amicably.
The Apertura 2019 Liga MX championship stage commonly known as Liguilla (mini league) was played from 27 November 2019 to 29 December 2019.
Due to finalist Monterrey participating in the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup, the final was postponed to 29 December from 15 December.
A total of eight teams will compete in the championship stage to decide the champions of the Apertura 2019 Liga MX season.
Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein (इशारों इशारों में) (English: Through Gestures) is an Indian television series that premiered on 15 July 2019 on Sony Entertainment Television.
Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein is the story of Yogi, a hearing-impaired man whose spirited way of handling his own disability and the acceptance of the same by his family is inspiring.
This story traces his boy to man journey of falling in love, getting his heart broken and finding love in the most unexpected corner.
The 1941 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1941 college football season.
In their sixth season under head coach William M. Bell, the Rattlers compiled an 8–1 record, shut out six of nine opponents, and defeated in the Orange Blossom Classic.
A Spring is found at its head from which flows as a tributary stream into the Chacuaco Creek at its canyon mouth, in Chacuaco Canyon, which is a tributary of the Pergatoire River.
Fatepur is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Falta police station in the Falta CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Fatepur had a total population of 8,105 of which 4,117(51%) were males and 3,988 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 4 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 senior secondary schools, the nearest general degree college at Diamond Harbour 13 km away.
This article lists the United Arab Emirates national football team all-time head to head record with other official FIFA members and records in competitive tournaments.
Qiu Shusen (; 4 July 1937 – 20 November 2019) was a Chinese historian who specialized in the history of the Mongols and the Yuan dynasty, and the history of China's ethnic minorities, especially the Hui people.
He graduated from the Department of History of Nanjing University in 1959, and continued his studies at the graduate program of the department, where he was advised by the renowned historian .
After completing his studies in 1963, he became a faculty member at the university, and later served as Chair of the Department of History from 1984 to 1988.
Qiu was a specialist in the history of the Mongols and the Yuan dynasty, and the history of China's ethnic minorities, especially the Hui people.
In 1992, he was awarded a special pension by the State Council of the People's Republic of China for distinguished scholars.
2565 m), formerly Hehuan Pass (), is a mountain pass in Taiwan transversing the Central Mountain Range between Hehuanshan and Mt.
As the highest point of the Central Cross-Island Highway, Dayuling is typically considered as the dividing point of the highway into its west and east sections.
To the west, the highway passes through a short one-way tunnel known as the Hehuanshan Tunnel (合歡山隧道) before descending to Lishan.
During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan, the Governor-General of Taiwan, Sakuma Samata, ordered the construction of a road through the same trail as part of the five years plan to governing aborigines to better transport supplies in the Truku War.
After the change of power to the Kuomingtang, the Nationalist government began building the Central Cross-Island Highway between 1956 and 1960.
Due to the foliation of the rock, the construction of Hehuanshan Tunnel at Dayuling proved to be difficult and prone to collapse.
Sir Alexander Gilmour, 3rd Baronet (c.1737-92), of Craigmillar, Edinburgh was a Member of Parliament for Edinburghshire 12 January 1761 - 1774.
Nurita Maliha Aryanee bint Abdul Malik (October 16, 1971 – February 28, 2017), commonly known as Ary Malik was a Malaysian actress and television personality, and sister of singer Min Malik.
Throughout her two decades of entertainment career, Ary is best known as a VJ on MTV and became one of the first contestants of MasterChef Malaysia.
She married creative director Shahrul Nizam Shahruddin or Sha Bromo from Singapore in 1997, and was they had three daughters Nuhr Zoe Iman (born 1998), Dinda Pelangi Timor (born 2004) and Ratu Chinta Mecca (born 2006).
It film stars large number of artists where Kamal Addararachchi and Sangeetha Weeraratne in lead roles along with Vasanthi Chathurani and Roger Seneviratne.
The film was the last film to be completed during 1999 at Film Corporation Studios Dalugama as the last film of the Millennium.
Dileepa Abeysekere, who is the son of late lyricist Karunaratne Abeysekera made his debut as a lyricist in this film along with Wasantha Kumara Kobawaka.
Editing and other post productions were completed in August 1999 to make arrangements to screen the film before the Public Performances Board (PPB).
Michael's theater credits include Chinglish at Lyric Stage Company of Boston, Wild Swans at the American Repertory Theater and Proof at Central Sq Theater.
Art and China after 1989: Theater of the World is an exhibition that took place at Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York between October 6, 2017 – January 7, 2018.
The exhibition presents works by seventy-one artists and artist collectives across China and worldwide, who define contemporary experience in and of China.
The curators of the exhibition write that the works in this exhibition respond to how China went through a radical transformation between 1989–2008, which had an unmatchable impact at the global level.
The exhibition caused controversy among animal rights activists for featuring three artworks involving animals and sparked public debate about both animal rights and art censorship.
The work draws on ideas from ancient Daoist cosmology, Michel Foucault's critique of modernity, and contemporary discussions about the realpolitik of globalization.
The exhibition is organized by Alexandra Munroe of Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum with guest co-curators Philip Tinari of Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing and Hou Hanru of MAXXI, National Museum of 21st Century Arts in Rome.
Protesters demonstrated outside the museum, and both People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) issued statements condemning the inclusion of the above controversial works.
ASPCA stated that they support artistic expression but oppose any use of animals which results in pain or distress to the animals.
Spencer Foundation, the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation, The Nancy Foss Heath and Richard B. Heath Educational, Cultural and Environmental Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the New York State Council on the Arts.
He made his List A debut on 22 November 2019, for Combined Campuses and Colleges in the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament.
Todd refereed in his first Super 6 match on the 22 November 2019 when he took charge of Boroughmuir Bears v Heriot's Rugby.
Hong Kong Reincarnated – New Lo Ting Archaeological Find was an exhibition held at the Hong Kong Art Centre from 20 June – 14 July 1998.
Oscar Ho, the curator, considered the Lo Ting (a fictional tribe of half-man, half-fish creatures) as a purported ancestor of the Tanka tribes from whom the indigenous Hong Kongers descended.
The story tells of a man who brought a female Lo Ting onto the land, offering her food and clothes and teaching her to talk.
First, it addressed participating artists as members from Team 20, a department of excavation affiliated with the Research Centre of Ancient History in Nanhai.
They were assigned to be involved in the curatorial process at different organisations, such as the fictional Hong Kong Lo Ting Research Association and Friends of Lo Ting.
Exhibits were shown in glass cases with wooden frames and miniature models, and maps were used to illustrate the geographical environment of the Lo Ting settlements.
Thus, it created a condition for audiences to examine, verify, and interpret the historical narratives based on their thoughts and beliefs.
The artists include AU Kawai, CHAN Chihang, CHAN Kachun, HO Yuenleung, LAU Ying, LEUNG Wanyee Janice, LIU Chiwai, Luke CHING, NG Chiwai, NG Tszkwan, NG Waiming, SHEK Mingfai Phil, SIT Likhoi, WAN Laikuen Annie, YAN Patto, YAU Puiwah, YEUNG Waikeung, and YU Chiushan.
Another Long March: Chinese conceptual and installation art in the nineties (Chinese: 另一次長征: 九十年代中國觀念和裝置藝術）was an contemporary art exhibition held in Breda, Netherlands in 1997.
It was the first big survey of conceptual art and installation art from China in the West, presenting eighteen artists from leading Chinese art centres: Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Guangzhou.
The works dealt with various themes, including the transformation of the Chinese society in the 1990s, feminism, voyeurism and nudity in art.
Sir George Wharton (1583 – 8 November 1609), of Wharton Hall, Westmorland, was a Member of Parliament for Westmorland in 1601.
Johann Georg August Wirth (20 November 1798 – 6 July 1848) was a German lawyer, writer and politician during the Vormärz period that preceded the German revolutions of 1848–1849.
Wirth first attended his hometown's grammar school as a classmate of Karl Ludwig Sand and in 1811 moved to the in Bayreuth.
Wirth left the fraternity at the beginning of January 1818, became senior of the Corps Franconia and remained a student of the Corps throughout his life.
In the same year he moved to Munich and took over the editorial office of the government-loyal magazine ' by Johann Friedrich Cotta.
He was increasingly harassed by persecutions, but took advantage of the gaps in censorship and always voted for the strengthening of civil rights.
In June 1833 he was tried by a jury in the spectacular trial in Landau and was acquitted - Wirth had defended himself in an eight-hour speech and declared the princes high traitors.
But in November 1833, the Zuchtpolizeigericht Zweibrücken sentenced him to the maximum sentence of two years in prison for insulting domestic and foreign authorities.
In the Prussian principalities he was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament, but died shortly thereafter in Frankfurt on 26 July 1848 at age 49 and was buried in the Frankfurt Main Cemetery.
The city of Hof erected a monument to the 150th anniversary of Wirth's death in 1998, which honours the person of Wirth by making his work as a fighter for freedom of the press its content.
It was created by the sculptor Andreas Theurer and has the shape of a wave-shaped newspaper page lying on the ground.
In 2012, the monument was removed from its original location in the city centre and a second, smaller version was erected near the Freiheitshalle.
The temple's name, given by Dunand, refers to a number of obelisks and standing stones located in a court around the cella.
Since it had been built on top of the L-shaped temple, it was necessary for Dunand to dismantle and move this upper temple in order to excavate the L-shaped temple beneath.
The majority of the obelisks found were underground in their original positions, standing upright, while a few others were discovered buried in a (a well for votive deposits).
Gentleman was a son of Thomas and Joan Gentleman, of Southwold, in Suffolk, England; Thomas Gentleman's father William was a merchant and shipowner.
About 1612 he was consulted by , a writer on economics, who was collecting information about the herring fisheries with a view to stimulating their development.
Gentleman gave Keymer the benefit of his experience, but, nothing having come of the scheme, Gentleman determined to publish his ideas himself.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but on 1 June 1999 it became part of the cavalry.
The regiment traces its history back to the Armed Tanks Regiment () formed on 1 October 1927 in Rome, which moved in 1931 to Bologna.
The regiment was the central training center for all officers and ranks destined for tank units and fielded three separate training battalions.
Additionally the regiment was administratively and logistically responsible for all tank units deployed in the Italian colonies of: Libya, Eritrea, and Somaliland.
During the war the regiment trained all personnel destined for tank units and managed the training grounds at Bologna, Porretta, Riolo, Vergato, Asiago, and Futa.
After Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the 3rd Tank Infantry Regiment was disbanded by the Germans.
Therefore the regiment, unlike the other three armored infantry regiments of the army, fielded its own reconnaissance squadron and was assigned a self-propelled artillery battery.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
The 9th Armored Battalion's name commemorated 4th Tank Infantry Regiment Soldier Gaetano Butera, who had joined a partisan unit in Rome and was murdered on 24 March 1944 in the Ardeatine massacre.
With the end of the Cold War the Italian Army drew down its forces and on 29 September 1995 the battalion was disbanded and the war flag of the 3rd Armored Infantry Regiment transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
It is the first known documentation of Indian Navy's covert Operation X, which was undertaken in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
The book was launched in August 2019 in the presence of both former and incumbent Indian Navy Chiefs, including Admiral Sunil Lanba and Admiral Arun Prakash.
Former Indian envoy to Pakistan Gopalaswami Parthasarathy and Commodore A. W. Chowdhury, who led a mutiny against Pakistan, were also present.
Operation-X was a three-stage naval special operation of the Indian Navy which entailed blocking supplies to damage the war waging potential of Pakistan in the erstwhile East Pakistan.
Wendy Smith (born 31 May 1963) is an English musician, best known as being a singer and guitarist in the band Prefab Sprout, and also as being the musical director of The Sage in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England.
Smith joined the band Prefab Sprout in 1983 after seeing them live in their early concerts, and featured on six of their studio albums as a singer, guitarist and keyboard player.
After an inactive period of the band in the late 1990s, coupled with Smith being pregnant, she moved first into teaching, and then becoming the head of practitioner development at The Sage in 2003.
In 2015, the then Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron, announced at the party's annual conference that Smith was his teenage pin-up.
- From Niigata’s Water and Land: Examining the Future through the Present and the Past -.” It aims to explore how local culture in Niigata has been influenced by the water and land in the area, and at the same time, it also asks participants to reflect upon the relationship between nature and humanity.
1 Air Control Centre (also known as 1 ACC) is a deployable mobile command and control unit of the Royal Air Force that is currently based at RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire.
The unit acts in conjunction with the Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) at RAF Boulmer in Northumberland, but also detaches staff to overseas locations when the Royal Air Force is engaged in operations.
In 1967, it moved to RAF Wattisham, where it remained until 1979 until it moved to Nancekuke in Cornwall (later RAF Portreath and then RRH Portreath).
In 2008, plans were announced in Parliament to relocate 1 ACC from RAF Kirton in Lindsey and the CRC from Scampton to RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire.
Whilst this move did not proceed as intended, 1 ACC moved to RAF Scampton in 2012 and the technical site at RAF Kirton in Lindsey was sold off, although the domestic site was retained for RAF personnel.
In 2018, the RAF announced that RAF Scampton would close by 2022, which would involve moving all units out of the station to other locations.
Staffing of the unit fluctuates with demand and role, but in 2015, the number of personnel at the unit was around 220.
The main role of 1 ACC is to provide deployed air control operations, both in the United Kingdom and on deployed operations worldwide.
Whilst working in the United Kingdom, 1 ACC feeds into the CRC at RAF Boulmer and helps to protect UK airspace from hostile aircraft.
Blanche had a consistent modus operandi - when he spotted the victim, he would break into their house at night, bound her hands and got her to his car, driving to the outskirts of the city, under the threat of a knife.
His impulses now appeased, he started behaving as a friend or even a considerate companion, bringing his victim back to their home.
He was rearrested, and his second trial made it to the national headlines, because the French police could not proceed with his arrest, since Blanche acted in several departments that did not share their judicial information.
Like many of his brothers and sisters, he was placed in another family at a young age, after suffering abuse at the hands of his parents.
On September 7, on Des Jardins Street in Caen, Blanche broke into the house of a woman named Nathalie at night, threatening her with tear gas and a knife.
He drove her to a forest, where he raped her, before driving her home, but like his ex-wife, she jumped out and managed to flee.
On September 14, again on Des Jardins Street, Blanche broke into another woman's house, named Clara, at night, threatening her with a knife, tying her up and raping her.
After the fact, he conversed with her a long while, before stealing the money in her purse and left the house, leaving her tied up.
On June 21, in Reims, two students of a local school (12/13-year-old Aurore and an unnamed 17-year-old) ran away from class to attend a music festival.
She went to the gendarmerie of Vouziers and lodged a complaint against him for the sexual abuse of her daughter, Nadia.
After an interrogation, he was indicted in Charlville-Mézières, where Justice Paul-André Breton decided to place Blanche under judicial control, with no contact with his ex-wife, her daughter or the witnesses.
The warnings of the psychiatric experts, however, were not present on Blanche's profile, and despite the criminal record and the unfavorable opinion of the prosecutor, the judge decided that there was insufficient evidence, and Jean-Luc was released.
On July 27, at Fontaine-la-Soret in Eure, around 11 PM, in a rest area near the RN13, Blanche tried to strangle a woman named Charlotte.
Charlotte didn't manage to remember his license plate because of the shock, but still filed a complaint to the gendarmerie in Bernay.
He took a knife from the kitchen, raped Laurence/Brigitte, then struck and knocked her down, also destroying some of the property around the house.
A neighbor, alerted by the cries of coming from within the household, called the gendarmerie, but in the meantime, Blanche had run away.
When they learned that it was Jean-Luc, gendarmerie realized several things, among them: he disrespected his judicial control; he hadn't shown up to work since July 13; he never went to his mother's house in Reims, nor did the weekly visit to the police station.
On the night between August 25 and 26, between 4 and 5 PM, on Des Jardins Street, Jean-Luc Blanche entered the studio of 19-year-old student Céline, which was on the first floor.
He claimed to be a part of a network of human traffickers and must deliver her to his Russian or Turkish accomplices, so she could be prostituted in Eastern Europe.
Then he tried to talk to her, attempting to make Céline pity him by saying that his wife had left him.
They left by car, with Blanche stopping on several occasions, submitting his victim to psychological blackmail by pretending to hesitate, telling her that if he released her, he would lose his contract and certainly the confidence of his accomplices.
He stopped the car on a farm road near a cornfield, where he raped her again for much longer, and in a more brutal manner.
Blanche stopped the car and threatened her with a knife, then told her he would take her with him to southern France.
While he was outside getting back the key, Céline searched through his bag and discreetly took her abductor's driving license and put it in her wallet.
The police went with her to the places mentioned, and at the site of the second rape near the cornfield, they found condoms used by Blanche.
On the night of September 1, in Orsay, Blanche entered the home of 38-year-old executive assistant Martine, through an open window.
Jean-Luc threatened Martine that he would place her in a brothel, taking her to Dijon in Côte-d'Or, where he raped her several times before taking her home, warning her that he would return if she told anybody.
On September 4, at around 4 PM, in Saint-Loup-Géanges in Saône-et-Loire, Blanche entered the home of a 36-year-old real estate negotiator named Solange, whose husband had just gone to work.
While driving, he told Solange of incredible stories about gambling debts allegedly incurred by her husband, then of gangs who took her husband's vehicle to commit a robbery, and were then ordered to kidnap her so they could ensure his silence.
While driving down a forest path, he took the woman out the car, then he simulated a strangling gesture with some string.
The man chained Solange's arms in front of the fireplace, forced her to drink strong alcohol, undressed her and passed the blade of a knife along her body.
When she was dead drunk, Blanche released her, lay her on the bed and raped her, before acting tenderly towards her.
Blanche borrowed Solange's mobile phone to call her mother, so he could inform her that her daughter would be attending his birthday at his home in Reims.
At this time, Solange managed to break free and phoned her husband, explaining where she was and telling him to come pick her up as soon as possible.
In his car, authorities found the string with which he tied the hands of his victims, along with audio cassettes and a CD player with Céline's voice recorded on them.
The first day by slashing the veins of his left arm, the second by slashing his carotid artery, the third by banging his head against a wall and the fourth by trying to hang himself with the toilet chain in the bathroom, which broke.
Bruno attempt to make the court pity him, because he was in mourning: his concubine, Stéphanie Baudin, had been found dead at home on June 9.
His defense tried to mitigate the circumstances through the child abuse, during which Blanche received no love or care, with his ultra-violent farm worker father punished his children harshly.
In June 2006, Jean-Luc Blanche was sentenced to life imprisonment with a 22-year mandatory prison sentence by the Charleville-Mézièrs cour d'assises.
It was organised by the Xiamen Dada group, one of the more radical avant-garde groups that emerged in China in the 1980s.
The exhibition took place in the then Xiamen People's Art Museum (now The Cultural Centre of Xiamen) in Xiamen, Fujian Province, from September 28 to October 5, 1986.
The exhibition marked the art group Xiamen Dada's entrance into contemporary Chinese art history and was later transformed into an initiating exhibition in a three-stage event organized by Xiamen Dada in 1986.
Critiques also explicitly link the exhibition with political movements like the Cultural Revolution and the May Fourth Movement when commenting on the exhibition as a spiritual extension of reflections and critiques on Chinese culture.
Both concepts make their names as the utmost candid and profound — not in terms of the aesthetics, but in terms of the impossibility of the real, and extreme doubt and distrust.” The anti-art sentiment would be echoed in the exhibition, and the exhibition would later be characterized as a radical anti-art action in media coverages and critiques.
These include: Huang Yongping, Lin Chun (林春), Ji Tairan (纪泰然), Jiao Yaoming (焦耀明), Lin Jiahua (林嘉华), Cai Lixiong (蔡立雄), Yu Xiaogang (余晓刚), Chen Chengzong (陈承宗), Li Xiang (李翔), Li Yaonian (李跃年), Huang Ping (黄平), Wu Yanping (吴燕萍), Liu Yiling (刘一菱).
Silent Energy: New Art from China was an exhibition of contemporary Chinese art at The Museum of Modern Art in Oxford, England, from 27 June to 24 October 1993.
The exhibition showcased specially commissioned artworks by eight Chinese artists, seven of whom were living outside of the People's Republic in 1993.
The artists shown were considered to have made important contributions to the development of the Chinese avant-garde and the ‘redefinition of the identity of Chinese contemporary art’ in the context of increasing globalism.
Hou Hanru identified ‘Subversion’, ‘Transcendence of the body’ and ‘The deconstruction of the self and the Other’ as three main themes that unified the artworks in the show.
Reshma began working as a stunt double when she was 14 when the Fight Director S. Azim offered her to join the film industry.
Fulfilling the needs of my family was my priority” Reshma has played the stunt double for Waheeda Rehman, Rekha, Hema Malini, Sridevi, Dimple Kapadia, and Meenakshi Sheshadri, among Bollywood actress.
He believed that the huge risk involved while performing a stunt could not be covered by any given amount of money.
She believes that stunt-masters have an uncertain future and ensured that her sister's sons (whom she raised) and her own complete their education and got stable jobs.
The early recordings use larger forces than Bach would have used when the work was premiered with the Thomanerchor in Leipzig in the 1734/35, when a boys' choir was accompanied by a comparatively small orchestra of Baroque instruments.
Choirs with one voice per part (OVPP), used in some historically informed performances of Bach's music, are rarely recorded in this work.
The recordings listed in the table below include more than one version by certain conductors (John Eliot Gardiner, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Helmuth Rilling).
Ninalowo who lived in Nigeria for 15 years before traveling out of Nigeria to Chicago attended primary school and secondary school in Lagos state.
Before Ninalowo’s attempt into the Nigerian movie industry he first worked as an accountant in a bank in the United States of America then upon relocating back to Nigeria he worked with Guaranty Trust Bank.
Ninalowo has been married before, then separated, and has reconciled with his spouse with whom he has two children with, one male and the other female.
She is the Director of Photography for Cat Sticks, a black and white feature film that was nominated for the Slamdance Film Festival.
Her most recent work, Cat Sticks, a black and white feature length film won the Grand jury Prize in the Mammoth Lake Film Festival.
The 2020 season is Melaka United Soccer Association's 96th season in club history and 4th season in the Malaysia Super League.
The 2019–20 Melbourne City FC W-League season is the club's fifth season in the W-League, the premier competition for women's football in Australia.
The team is based at the City Football Academy at La Trobe University and play home games at AAMI Park, CB Smith Reserve and ABD Stadium.
Nikolai Alexandrovich Ramazanov (Russian: Николай Александрович Рамазанов (24 January 1817, Saint Petersburg - 18 November 1867, Moscow) was a Russian sculptor, painter, writer and art historian.
He began to learn drawing in 1827, at the age of ten, from Fedor Solntsev at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts.
Before departing, he worked on a project at the Winter Palace and participated in creating monuments for Nikolai Karamzin (in Simbirsk), and Gavril Derzhavin (in Kazan).
By the end of the year, he was offered a job as a teacher at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
He took up that position the following year, but soon had to attend to the sudden collapse of a statue he had made for the new .
Among his most familiar works are the bas-reliefs on the pedestal of the Monument to Nicholas I, in Saint Petersburg, some external decorations at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, and several busts; including ones of Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy, Alexander Pushkin and Nikolai Gogol, which was created from his death mask.
The Zhong Fong mystery series is a quintet of Canadian novels by theatre director and acting coach David Rotenberg, set primarily in contemporary Shanghai, China, and named after the series protagonist, Detective Inspector Zhong Fong.
In or around 1993, Zhong Fong is the forty-four-year-old Head of Special Investigations for the District of Shanghai, and a widower.
His investigation of brutal murders by the so-called Dim Sum Killer leads to a new inquiry into the death of his wife, in which the detective is himself implicated, causing emotional turmoil, exacerbated by the recent return to Shanghai of her lover, Canadian stage director Geoffrey Hyland.
The chase ultimately leads to a confrontation in a construction pit in the Pudong, and a fight to the death with a master assassin.
Two years into his incommunicado exile, Zhong Fong receives a warning telegram from his friend Lily in Shanghai, and two Party men throw him into the trunk of a car.
Zhong Fong has been reinstated as head of Shanghai District's Special Investigations unit, is recently married, and has a baby girl, Xiao Ming.
Two abortion clinics are bombed, one in Huashan Hospital, with notes found in English suggesting the bomber is motivated by religion.
In or around 2002 (between 9/11 and the following Iraq War), the Office of Special Investigations is considered a model of modern Chinese efficiency.
Meanwhile, he is being watched by the Master of the Guild of Assassins, who is intent on avenging the Dim Sim Killer, who died at the detective's hands nine years earlier.
In a related novel not published as part of the series (see below), Rotenberg offered readers a glimpse of Zhong's childhood, in which the four-year-old Zhong lives amid death and destruction shortly after the Chinese Communist Revolution.
Zhong was married to Fu Tsong, an actress who performed in a Shanghai theatre, where they lived in an apartment in the building.
An actress who performed in the Grand Theatre who was married to Zhong Fong until her death four years prior to the start of the series.
He is murdered in his second appearance in the series, but referenced occasionally later, as Zhong recalls what he learned watching his rehearsals with Fu Tsong.
In 1994, David Rotenberg was invited to direct the first Canadian play to be staged in the People's Republic of China.
The kernel for this mammoth timeline was Rotenberg's chance discovery of a children's book that mentioned Silas Hordoon, an Iraqi Jew who arrived in Shanghai and soon scandalized the city, first by marrying his Chinese mistress, and then when they adopted almost 40 area orphans.
In 2008, Rotenberg was working with the CBC on an adaptation of the series for television, suggesting this would have to be a co-production with either Taiwan or Hong Kong.
Pat Ownbey (born August 4, 1953) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 48th district from 2008 to 2018.
The locality Salipeta falls under the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, and it is one of the oldest localities in One Town (Visakhapatnam).
Thalaivi () is an upcoming 2020 Indian biographical film directed by A. L. Vijay and produced by Vishnu Vardhan Induri and Shailesh R Singh under their respective banners Vibri Media and Karma Media And Entertainment.
The story is about the life of J. Jayalalithaa, late politician and film actress who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, with Kangana Ranaut playing the role of Jayalalithaa.
The film was officially announced on 24 February 2019, on the occasion of Jayalalithaa's birthday, with Kangana Ranaut playing the role of Jayalalithaa.
The first look and the teaser was released on 23 November 2019, and the principal photography was commenced on the very same day.
In October 2017, Ampere Computing was founded by Renée James after The Carlyle Group acquired AppliedMicro's X-Gene 3 IP and assets from MACOM.
In April 2018, Ampere joined the Green Computing Consortium (GCC) as a Platinum Member, and Renée James was named as the vice chair of the GCC.
It supports a turbo of up to 3.3 GHz with TDP of 125 W, 8ch DDR4 and 42x PCIe 3.0 Lanes.
Cao Xuetao (; born July 19, 1964) is a Chinese immunologist who has served as president of Nankai University since January 2018.
In September 1981 he was accepted to the Second Military Medical University in Shanghai, where he received his doctorate in medicine in 1986 and completed his post-graduate studies in immunology in 1990.
After graduation, he was a lecturer and then professor (1993) at the Second Military Medical University, as one of the youngest medical professors at that time.
He also served as chairman of the Department (1995-2011), Director of the Institute of Immunology (2000-2011) and Vice President of the University (2004-2011).
He also served as president of the Chinese Society of Immunology (2006-2014), the Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia-Oceania (2012-2015) and the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (2014-2015).
On November 13, 2019, American biologist Elisabeth Bik wrote on PubPeer that about 40 papers co-authored by Cao used unexpectedly similar images, a sign of possible manipulation, although Bik said many of these could be honest errors.
In the western Atlantic it ranges from Massachusetts in the north along the eastern Coast of the United States and into the Gulf of Mexico as far south as Tamaulipas.
In the Caribbean Sea it is found off Cuba and Barbados and from Santa Marta, Colombia to Isla la Tortuga, Venezuela.
In the eastern Atlantic its distribution reaches north to Spain and the Mediterranean Sea to Ghana as well as being found around the Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira and St Helena.
The adults occur close to or on the bottom at depths of whiule the larger juveniles are pelagic or benthic in the waters of the continental shelf and the smaller juveniles are found in oceanic or offshore waters.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but on 1 June 1999 it became part of the cavalry.
The first Italian tankers of World War II were killed in action near the Little St Bernard Pass between France and Italy.
The VI battalion arrived in Libya in early January 1941 and already by 6 February the battalion had been destroyed in the Battle of Beda Fomm and was declared dissolved.
After Italy switched sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the Germans occupied Italy and disbanded the 33rd Tank Infantry Regiment soon after.
On 1 September 1964 the Italian Army raised the VI Tank Battalion equipped M47 Patton tanks in Civitavecchia as the tank unit of the 1st Armored Bersaglieri Regiment.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
With the end of the Cold War the Italian Army drew down its forces and the army began to reform single-battalion regiments for traditional reasons.
In 2001 the 33rd Tank Regiment was disbanded and its flag transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
Since September 2019, the song has been used in over 400,000 videos on TikTok, and has gained over 10 million streams on Spotify alone.
The stele examplifies the links between India and Southeast Asia and that early time, as well as the link between trade and Buddhism.
The national team played their first international tournament at the 2018 Asian Games where they just missed out on qualifying through to the quarter finals.
Afghanistan's first appearance at an international tournament was the 2018 Asian Games held in Indonesia with a team that was full of Afghan expatriates.
They would only record the one win in the tournament against the United Arab Emirates finishing ninth of the twelve teams competing.
With the focus being on rugby sevens they competed in the trophy where the team seventh of eleven teams with a single win over Bangladesh.
Liga for HC '05 Banská Bystrica and in France for seven years with Brest Albatros Hockey and Sangliers Arvernes de Clermont.
The village of Mittbach is a south-western part of the market town of Isen in the Upper Bavarian district of Erding, Germany.
Until the district reform, which came into force on 1 July 1972, the municipality of Mittbach belonged to the district of Wasserburg am Inn.
After its dissolution as a result of secularisation, the community of Mittbach was formed from the south-western quarter of the dominion in 1808 and came to the Wasserburg district office in 1818.
In the course of the first Bavarian survey, the village was chosen as the main triangle point due to its elevated location and surveyed in 1803.
This originally Gothic building (from which remains of the foundation were used) was strongly changed from 1709, in the style of the late Baroque.
The interior of the church has a barrel vault with a cap, the frames and crossbands are stuccoed, as well as the ceiling fresco framing in the choir.
The late baroque high altar and the left side altar date from around 1710, the right rococo side altar was built in 1765.
From 1958 onwards, the farmer and brewery operator sold land to create a weekend settlement which has grown to 46 residential buildings to date.
Lin Haiqing () is a Chinese physicist currently serving as Chair of the Department of pPysics, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
In March 1978 Lin entered the University of Science and Technology of China, where he completed his bachelor's degree in physics in 1981.
Then he pursued advanced studies in the United States, first earning Master of Science degree from Iowa State University in 1983 and then doctor of physics degree from University of California, San Diego in 1987.
He was a research Associate at the Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1987 to 1989 and the Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1989 to 1991.
Lin joined the Department of physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong in August 1995, becoming chairman of the department in 2003.
Meipporul, also known as The True Meaning, is a 2009 Indian-American Tamil language thriller film produced and directed by Natty Kumar and Krish Bala.
The film features Krish Bala and Anusha in lead roles, with Natty Kumar, Narayan Sundararajan, Suren Vijaykumar, Rani Jayakumar, Ritu Bhargava and Lee Kuhn playing supporting roles.
It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the concept and plot twists, but criticized the songs and pace of the film.
An Indian couple is killed by their babysitter Lisa (Lee Kuhn) and she takes their daughter with her in a car.
At the petrol pump, Devi (Anusha) notices Lisa's suspicious behaviours and sees the girl asking for help at the back seat of the car.
Sam (Krish Bala), a successful neurosurgeon, and Devi, a bold reporter working for a renowned Tamil Magazine, are a happily married Indian couple living in San Francisco.
One day, Sam comes across Rajan (Natty Kumar) who claims to be an astrophysicist working for NASA and Rajan hands him his wallet he has lost in a bar.
Sam performs surgery on a little girl and the surgery turns out to be a success but later that day, the little girl dies thus upsetting Sam.
Sinisterly enough, all his predictions turn out to be true and Sam who is a rational person begins to believe him.
One year later, on 10 August 2008, Sam, the pregnant Devi, Vishwa and Lakshmi place flowers on the grave of the detective Chris who had sacrificed his life that day.
The background music had been composed by John Mazzei who had several Hollywood films, documentaries and the The Oprah Winfrey Show to his name.
The film was released on 1 May 2009 in India and had a wide release on that date in the United States.
Dillon, a small time gunman, seeks to make a big break, and he stumbles across other gangsters and their girls, with whom initially he strikes a chord but soon falls out.
The book traces the ruthless and selfish journey of Dillon from nomadic gunman to rich Gangster in Kansas, and the consequences he faces on the way, with a never ending pursuit of crime after crime and adversaries to follow him.
He is employed by good Samaritan store owner Abe Goldberg and comes in contact with Butch Hogan, a retired and blind ex boxer involved in setting up boxing matches in the town.
Butch has betted money on weaker boxer Sankey against a more efficient boxer Franks, and wants to fix the match for Sankey to win.
With money on Sankey now lost, an enraged Butch with Sankey's manager and trainer confront Dillon at Butch's house, where Dillon simply shoots Butch dead.
He then extorts money from Abe, and forces Gurney and Myra to accompany him, and left with no choice, they oblige.
When Dillon does not give them a fair share in the money, Gurney and Myra get tired and decide to kill him.
But experienced a killer that he is, Dillon escapes, and Gurney gets killed accidentally by Myra, and now totally left at his Mercy, she has no choice but to remain with Dillon.
When he and Myra save Hurst's life from adversary gangster Little Ernie's attempts to kill him, Dillon is given a job with Hurst.
Months later Dillon is a rich gangster in Kansas under the aegis of Hurst, with a mob working under him, involved in extortion rackets in the city, with Myra now his mistress.
He soon realizes that Hurst's men don't want him, and have contemplated with Ernie and the cops to encounter him that very night.
Joe's mentally retarded sister Chrissie at the farm takes a liking for Roxy though Roxy decides not to touch her and warns Dillon too, but Dillon had lustful eyes for Chrissie.
Joe comes and cons the duo into paying him more money for continued protection, saying that there's now a bounty on their heads back in the city.
Dillon and Roxy go to the city, find this untrue and kill Joe lest he turn them over, unbeknownst to his relatives back at the farmhouse.
He goes to see her in her room at night, but is in for a shock when he sees Roxy's unearthed body placed on Chrissie's bed.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Senegal is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Senegal, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Senegal and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Senegal and the pope.
On 9 July 1959, Jean-Marie Maury was named Apostolic Delegate to Dakar, a jurisdiction established in 1948 to provide representation of the Holy See in French colonial Africa.
The title of that position changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 with responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone.
The album was the first Magnum album to feature Dennis Ward on bass, after long-time bassist Al Barrow left the band in June 2019.
This species was formally described by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834-1919) in 1881 with the type locality given as Callao in Peru.
Relax Satya is a 2019 Indian Kannada language crime thriller film written and directed by Naveen Reddy.G.The film is produced by Mohan Kumar.H.R , G.Mohan Reddy and Chethan.B.R.
It features Prabhu Mundkur and Manvitha Kamath in the lead role.The score and soundtrack for the film is by Anand Rajavikram and the cinematography is by Yogi.
It would have enhanced the suspense factor and kept the audience on the edge of their seats.Head to Relax Satya if crime thrillers are your cup of tea.
He plays as a winger for the Houston Sabercats in Major League Rugby, previously playing for San Diego Breakers in PRO Rugby and the United States national rugby union team internationally.
The distinction between soul and spirit in Quran and the traditions has rarely been considered by commentators, so that these two words are used interchangeably and synonymously.
However, some theologians and scholars of religious scripture insist on the difference between the soul and the spirit and their order of existence.
This difference in philosophical discussions is of little concern because of its specific applications, but in Quranic culture the distinction is debatable.
There are many reasons that have made this topic less controversial but the most important ones are the lack of scientific evidences, and the dispersion of ideas.
The discussions on the epistemology of soul have given rise to many fields of study from ethics, psychology, education, and philosophy to commentary of Qur'anic verses and relevant hadiths among which philosophical speculations have a special place.
The majority of Muslim philosophers, including Mulla Sadra (1571–1640), never believed that the soul is divided as it is distinct from the spirit.
Sadra's ontological views about the creation of soul were sharply in contrast with the assumptions of Greek philosophers who considered the spirit as a primordial-immaterial and heavenly existent.
In Sadraic philosophy the soul is defined bodily in its origination such that it is created along with the creation of the body.
Sadra denied the existence of the soul before the body and tried to hold this view in spite of the counter-evidences from the Hadith.
In his more recent studies the psychologist Ahmad Zumurrudian has recognized that there is a distinction between the soul and the spirit, although more philosophical justifications still should be made to support the theory.
God created two connected worlds, the world of upper and lower, then combined the two worlds into the son of Adam...Adam testified that there is no god but God and created him with the soul and body and the spirit.
The spirit that does not leave him unless he leaves this world and the soul that he can see dreams and stations by it and body which will be corroded and returns to soil after death.
God created Adam as He wills...He created his flesh and blood, his bones, hair, and his body from soil and water; this is the beginning of the creation of Adam.
Then by the soul man can stand and sit, listen and see, learn and know what animals can know and beware of dangers.
By the spirit Adam knows right from wrong and guidance from error and he camouflages and learns and manages all of his affairs.
In Shi'a literature there are also a number of hadiths which exemplify prophets and imams as the most perfect models of creation, purporting that they have five independent spirits to guide them to the straight path.
The believers with four spirits are the second in position and disbelievers and animals are last in the chain with three spirits.
However, the former belongs only to the prophets who used it to judge when they lacked information for normal judgement, while the latter was breathed into all human beings.
Lu Xiyun (; born April 1963) is a Chinese physicist currently serving as director of the School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China.
He was a visiting scholar at Pennsylvania State University, University of Houston, University of Tennessee, University of Tokyo, Northeastern University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and National University of Singapore since 1992.
She also won a silver medal at the UK Indoor National Championships in 2010 and another silver medal at the UK Outdoor National Championships in 2011.
He became an obstetrician and gynaecologist in Edinburgh and was a founder member of the British (later Royal) College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
His father, Ahmed Fahmy, who was of Egyptian descent, had graduated in medicine from the University of Edinburgh and had become a medical missionary in China with the London Missionary Society.
From there he went on to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1911, but joined the army on the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
After resident hospital posts in Edinburgh, he spent three and a half years as a general practitioner in Abertillery, South Wales.
He was awarded a university blue for rugby in 1913 and in that year was selected for and played in a trial for Scotland.
He was house surgeon to Dr James Haig Ferguson in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) and then resident obstetrician in the Edinburgh Royal Maternity and Simpson Memorial Maternity Hospital (SMMP).
In 1923 he became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and the following year was appointed assistant in the university department of midwifery and gynaecology initially under Professor B P Watson and then under Professor R W Johnstone.
He was a foundation member of the British College (later the Royal College) of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and he became a Fellow (FRCOG) in 1936.
They had one son Eric who became a pilot in the Royal Air Force, was lost in 1942 on a flight from Gibraltar to Malta.
Russification of Belarus is a policy of suppressing the use of the Belarusian language and the presence of the Belarusian culture and mentality in various spheres of Belarusian public life by corresponding Russian analogs.
In the 1994/1995 academic year, 58% of schoolars in the first classes of elementary school were taught in the Belarusian language (Minsk city).
As the result, only 5.3% of schoolars in the first classes of elementary school were taught in the Belarusian language (Minsk city) in 1999.
The vast majority of Belarusian-language schools located in rural areas that are gradually closed through the exodus of its population to the cities.
Each year, there is a close of about 100 small schools in Belarus, most of which use Belarusian language in teaching.
Concerning to the cities, there are only 7 Belarusian-language schools, 6 of which are in Minsk, the capital of Belarus (in 2019).
This species is present in Southern Europe (Albania, Balearic Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Dodecanese Islands, European Turkey, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Ukraine), in the Near East and in North Africa.
These nonpetiolate eumenine wasps has a transverse ridge at the bending summit of the first metasomal tergum and a low and opaque propodeal lamella completely fused to the submarginal carina.
The second sternite is more or less concave at the base, the propodeum is black and the wings are darkened at the apex.
Girija Kalyanam (Telugu: గిరిజా కళ్యాణం) is an Indian Telugu language Soap opera premiered on 20 January 2020 airing on Gemini TV every Monday to Saturday at 9PM IST.
The juveniles have six transverse dark bars along their flanks and a dark stripe which runs from the eye to the first dorsal fin.
The dorsal fin is dark but there is a indistinct white margin on the second dorsal fin whil the lobe and margin of the anal fin are white.
It frequently has an amber stripe which runs from the snout along the flank and there is often another dark strip running from the eye to in front of the first dorsal fin.
The banded rudderfish is a species of the western Atlantic Ocean where it is found from Nova Scotia to Santos, São Paulo.
It is found over hard substrates in both inshore and offshore waters but it normally inhabits shallower water than its congeners.
The juveniles are found in association with floating mats of weed or debris, and have been known to follow sharks and other large fishes.
The Thomson Orogeny was a mountain building event from 510 to 495 million years in Gondwana, now situated mainly in the Australian state of Queensland.
The rocks deformed during the Thomson Orogeny, referred to as the Thomson Orogen, underlie most of western and central Queensland in Australia.
The rocks are mostly rich in quartz and metasedimentary, overlain by younger Mesozoic rocks and the Devonian backarc basin sediments of the Adavale Basin.
Detrital zircon dating of Thomson Orogen rocks indicates ages between 510 and 495 million years ago, spanning the Cambrian to the Devonian.
In the northern part of the Thomson Orogen, rifting in the late Neoproterozoic is recorded in the lower metamorphic rocks of the Anakie Province.
In the south, the Thomson Orogen borders the Lachlan Orogen, separated by the Olepoloko Fault in the west and the Louth-Eumarra Shear Zone in the east.
The Thomson Orogen extends east under the Bowen Basin and based on seismic reflection data, seems to the underlie the western edge of the New England Orogen.
Nicolás Santiago Keenan is an Argentine field hockey player who plays as a forward for Dutch club Klein Zwitserland and the Argentine national team.
Elisabeth Kohut-Mannstein, also Elisabeth Kohut-Manstein, real name Elisabeth Steinmann (3 May 1843 – 29 November 1926) was a German operatic soprano and voice teacher.
She was trained by her father, the singing teacher Heinrich Ferdinand Mannstein, who was known under the pseudonym Heinrich Ferdinand Mannstein.
In her career as a singer she appeared at the court opera of St. Petersburg, at the Stadttheater Düsseldorf and at the Krolloper in Berlin.
These five scores were averaged, multiplied by 3, and multiplied by the dive's degree of difficulty to give a total dive score.
Asher was born and grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Media Studies and Public Health from Pitzer College.
After training as an Emergency Medical Technician and working as a producer at a creative ad agency in San Francisco, they enrolled at the American Film Institute where they graduated with an MFA in Directing.
ACM Student Chapter is the international Association for Computing Machinery's student society which provides opportunities to students for networking, learn together and share their knowledge.
The members of chapters are eligible for various benefits such as coding competitions, technical talks and mentoring sessions by experienced professionals.
Droughdool Mote (also spelled Droughduil) () is a Neolithic round mound in the parish of Old Luce, Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway.
It has been suggested that the mound may have been used as a viewing platform for activities at Dunragit complex of monuments.
The most well known parallel the site has is Silbury Hill in Wiltshire, but is closer in size to the less well known sites at Conquer Barrow, Willy Howe and Wold Newton.
The mound was assumed to be a medieval mote for a castle, but is different in structure and location to the motes in the surrounding area.
In 2002, excavation and optically stimulated luminescence dating showed that the site was prehistoric, and probably placed within a date bracket associated with the Dunragit complex of monuments to the north.
The complex of Neolithic monuments at Dunragit was identified in 1992 by Marilyn Brown of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland from aerial photographs.
When these cropmarks were examined within the wider landscape, it was found that the Droughdool Mote was aligned on the entrance to the middle of three concentric rings at the Dunragit site.
While this alignment may be coincidental, other Neolithic flat topped mounds, such as Silbury Hill, Hatfield Barrow and Knowlton in Dorset, are also associated with nearby large enclosures.
A feature of these other sites, missing from Droughdool, is a ditch surrounding the mounds which was often filled with water.
However, during the Neolithic, the sea level was considerably higher than it is today and at high tide, an area between the mound and the Dunragit enclosure (the Whitecrook Basin) would have been inundated by sea.
In September 2005 he became research associate at the Institute of Mathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and was promoted to researcher in 2011.
These five scores were averaged, multiplied by 3, and multiplied by the dive's degree of difficulty to give a total dive score.
Roggero Musmeci Ferrari Bravo (2 March 1868 – 6 May 1937), known under the pen name ignis, was an Italian poet and playwright.
He soon chose to not pursue a career related to his degrees, but to devote his time to becoming a writer.
His literary output can be understood in the context of the anti-clerical tendencies during the Risorgimento and the fall of the Papal States.
During this period, a part of the Italian intelligentsia entertained the idea of returning to paganism as a viable way forward.
It tells the mythological story of the founding of Rome, from the origin of Romulus and Remus, to Romulus' ascencion to the heavens.
On 21 April 1914, Musmeci recited the play in his home to a small audience of invited bohemians and literary critics.
It received positive newspaper reviews and there were discussions about staging the play outdoors on the Palatine Hill, but Italy's entry in World War I ended those plans.
The play was published in print in 1929, the same year as Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty, which ended the hopes of those who like Musmeci had wished to see a pagan re-emergence under fascism.
They are leathery and a khaki to greyish green and like the branchlets may be smooth or have a sparse covering of fine hairs.
Dubrovinsky was born in the village of Pokrovskoye-Lipovets, in the Maloangelsk district of Orel, the second of four sons of a mechanic, who died in 1882, soon after the birth of the fourth son.
As a schoolboy in Kursk, Dubrovinsky joined a populist circle modelled on Narodnaya Volya, the group that assassinated the Tsar Alexander II, but later became a Marxist.
He was arrested in December 1897, as an organiser of a workers' circle in Moscow, and the following year was sentenced to four years exile in Siberia.
In 1902 he was moved to Astrakhan, where he made contact with the illegal newspaper Iskra, of which Lenin was the main organiser, and acted as its local distributor.
The Bolsheviks sent him to the naval base in Kronstadt, where, on 23 October, he addressed a crowd of thousands, who agreed resolution calling for better conditions for servicemen, and political demands for the overthrow of the monarchy and the creation of a democratic republic.
The following day, thousands demonstrated, and for a couple of days Kronstadt was under rebel control, but martial law was imposed and thousands arrested, though Dubrovinsky slipped past the police by pretending to be blind drunk.</ref> He moved to Moscow, where he took part in the armed rising in December.
He was a delegate to the Fifth Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in London, in May 1907 - the last major gathering before the revolution at which both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were present, and afterwards was elected to the 15 member Bolshevik Centre.
He was almost the only member of that Centre to back Lenin over the issue of armed robberies carried in Georgia by revolutionaries secretly directed by 'Koba' (later known as Stalin) to raise funds for the party, but he opposed Lenin over the question of whether to have a final break with the Mensheviks.
After the Congress, he returned to Russia to try to rebuild the party organisation, shattered by the defeat of the 1905 revolution.
He returned to Russian jurisdiction, hoping to unite the various illegal Marxist groups, but was arrested in Warsaw in November 1908, and was deported to Solvychegodsk, in north Russia, in iron fetters that left deep wounds in his legs.
Dubrovinsky returned to Russia, where he was arrested for the final time in June 1910, and exiled to Turukhansk in Siberia.
June, he drowned in the Yenisei River - ironically around the time when he stood a chance of being released under an amnesty to mark the Romanov Tercentenary.
There is no doubt that if Dubrovinsky had lived a few years longer, he would have played a major role in the early years of Bolshevik rule in Russia.
The Producers Guild of America Awards 2019 (also known as 31st Producers Guild of America Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2019, were held at the Hollywood Palladium in Hollywood, California on January 18, 2020.
The nominations in the documentary category were announced on November 19, 2019, the nominees in the sports, children's and short-form categories were announced on December 19, 2019, and the remaining nominations for film and television were announced on January 7, 2020.
Langya Commandery () was a commandery in historical China from Qin dynasty to Tang dynasty, located in present-day southeast Shandong and northeast Jiangsu.
From 181 BC to 180 BC, Langya briefly served as the fief of Liu Ze (劉澤), who became the king of Yan after the Lü Clan Disturbance.
In 41 AD, the territory was converted to a kingdom/principality and granted to Liu Jing (劉京), son of the Emperor Guangwu.
Jing's descendants held the kingdom until 217 AD, when the last prince of the lineage was killed by Cao Cao and Langya was converted back to a commandery.
In 140, Langya administered 13 counties, namely Kaiyang (開陽), Dongwu (東武), Langya (琅邪), Dongguan (東莞), Xihai (西海), Zhu (諸), Ju (莒), Dong'an (東安), Yangdu (陽都), Linyi (臨沂), Jiqiu (即丘), Zeng (繒), and Gumu (姑幕).
After the death of Zhou, Langya passed to his son Jin (覲), and then to Jin's son Rui, the future Emperor Yuan of Jin.
Francois Arago ordered this telescope from the telescope making firm Lebreours in 1839, and after a protracted development was completed by 1855.
It has gone by a variety of names having to do with various aspects of the telescope, such as its aperture, or location on the East tower of the Paris observatory, or its equatorial mount made by Brunner.
The telescope is known to have been used for observing double stars, minor planets (asteroids), and also some photographic astronomy in the late 19th century.
When it made its debut in the late 1850s, it was noted for its 38 cm (15 inch) Lerebours objective, Brunner mount, and there was some discussion over its use for astro photography.
On June 23, 1878 the East Equatorial of Paris Observatory (the Arago) was first used for photometric detection of an eclipse of Jupiter's moons.
The Paris Observatory building was significantly modified to support the weight of the new telescope and dome, and modifications included a new cement support structure and a steel lattice to hold the new telescope.
In December 2005, he was appointed chair of the Commission on Filipinos Overseas, staying in the post until 30 June 2010.
In April 2019, he published an article which claimed there were plans to oust Duterte, accusing several media and legal groups of destabilization attempts.
It is one of the important neighborhood in Visakhapatnam city.It is under the administration of Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation and have so many commercial shops including District Court of Visakhapatnam.
The British National Individual Sprint Championships are held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organised by British Cycling.
It provides MR imaging to the patient in-time and on-site, for example, in Intensive care unit (ICU) where there is danger associated with moving the patient, in an ambulance, after a disaster rescue, or in a field hospital/medical tent.
The superconducting magnet is one of the main sources to supply a homogeneous main static magnetic field (B0) for MR imaging.
Normally it ranges from 1 T to 7 T. To obtain mobility for a conventional MRI scanner that uses a superconducting magnet to supply B0, it is placed in a trailer..
The magnetic field strength of such a mobile MRI scanner is within the range of 1.5 T to 3 T. The weight of the scanner is the same as one sited in a hospital and the price is higher than a traditional one in the hospital, which is due to the mobility added to the scanner.
To supply a homogeneous B0 within an FoV of 40-50 cm for a body scan, a PMA, usually in a C-shape or an H-shape, goes up to a room size and is heavy.
The field strength is usually below 0.5 T. Siemens has a product, MAGNETOM C, which has a magnetic field of 0.35 T for a body scan.
When the concept of body dedication is applied to a PMA-based system where the magnet and other apparatus are built around a targeted body-part under imaging (e.g.
Using a PMA to supply a homogeneous B0 and relying on linear gradient fields supplied by gradient coils cannot give us a PMA with portability and a relatively large imaging volume simultaneously.
Allowing magnetic field that has non-linear gradients to encode the signal for imaging leads to the possibility of having a relatively light PMA (tens to hundreds of kgs) and a relatively large FoV (15-25 DSV) at the same time .
An Inward-outward (IO) ring pair array supplies a magnetic field that points in the longitudinal direction which allows the application of the advancement of RF coils to the system.
In July 1921, San Fernando Borough Council called a public meeting at Carnegie Library, the result of which was a unanimous request for elected representation.
Within a few years, the British authorities agreed to a partly elected legislative council, although with voting limited to a restricted franchise.
The reorganised Legislative Council had 12 official members (civil servants), six nominated members, seven elected members and the Governor, who served as the legislature's speaker.
The franchise was limited to people who owned property in their constituency with a rateable value of $60 (or owned property elsewhere with a rateable value of $48) and tenants or lodgers who paid the same sums in rent.
The restrictions on candidates were more severe, with candidature limited to men that lived in their constituency, were literate in English, and owned property worth at least $12,000 or from which they received at least $960 in rent a year.
Three of the seven elected members – Arthur Andrew Cipriani, Charles Henry Pierre and Albert Victory Stollmeyer – were supported by the Trinidad Workingmens' Association, as was the losing candidate in Tobago, Isaac Hope.
Luc Tangorre (born 1959), known as the Marseille Southern Districts Rapist, is a French serial rapist whose crimes were highly publicized in France.
He has been sentenced twice, the first time in 1983, to 15 years imprisonment for nine sexual assaults and rapes committed in Marseille.
She closed her car, took a few steps towards her home and then noticed a strange man, who immediately threatened her with a weapon and forced her to go back into the vehicle with him.
Under the threat of what turns out to be a fake revolver, Sylviane entered the car and drove around the streets of Marseille with her kidnapper, stopping on a path upon request of the latter.
There, the man raped her and then forced her to bring him back to the residence where, it seemed, his moped was.
She made a facial composite of her rapist (20–25 years old, wore white sneakers and a dark jacket), learning that she, in fact, had not been the only one to do so: between late 1979 and April 1981, nine other young women had reported being sexually assaulted in the 8th and 9th arrondissements.
On April 12, a patrol of Marseille peacekeepers intercepted a man matching the composite sketch drawn by Sylviane, coupled with the fact that he behaved suspiciously.
They called him for an identity check: his name was Luc Tangorre, he was 22 years old, a sports student, had a Citroën 2CV, and claimed that he was waiting for a friend to come.
Sylviane came down to the police station so she could identify him, she believed to have recognized a man on the photo montage.
The other assaulted women also come the station, and some of them formally recognized Tangorre, while others either hesitated or weren't sure.
Tangorre denied everything, pointing out that he was the only aged 20 to 25, wore white tennis shoes and shorter than 1,70 cm.
The police searched his home the next day, and found a dummy revolver containing some dried mud, a moped and a khaki raincoat, crowned with suspicious spots.
Authorities then went to the edge monument of the Morgiou parking lot, where the rapist had assaulted victims Béatrice and Dominique in December 1980 and February 1981, to take samples from the ground to compare with those found on the dummy found at Tangorre's home.
Moreover, one of the victims said that the attacker had brandished a revolver before raping her, and others testified that he had a small box of petroleum jelly in his pockets.
A controversy over the choice of barium arose, as the plastic revolver itself was made of that material, with the samples the rape scene of victim Aline.
Following identification from some of the assaulted women and the evidence against him, Luc Tangorre was referred before an examining magistrate and locked up.
When friends and family learned what had happened to Luc, nobody believed the accusations: everyone described him as a simple, kind and considerate man, who could never do such things.
The case became so well-publicized, that even intellectuals began to defend Luc Tangorre, including historian Pierre Vidal-Naquet, writers Marguerite Duras and Françoise Sagan, and the politicians Robert Badinter, Albin Chalandon, Jean-Claude Gaudin and Dominique Baudis.
His family and friends firmly believed in his acquittal, with his defense being provided by Anne and Jean Dissler, François Chevallier and Paul Lombard.
Of the seventeen alleged victims of Luc Tangorre, who were assaulted between December 6, 1979 and April 10, 1981, five victims testified before the cour d'assises.
Their testimonies weighed heavily, while Tangorre defended himself by presenting alibis that could be hardly be proven or emanated from his entourage: among others, on the evening that he supposedly raped Sylviane, he was hospitalized.
The verdict of Luc Tangorre's trial was handed on May 24, when he was sentenced, including extenuating circumstances, to 15 years imprisonment.
Between December 1984 and February 1988, Tangorre was incarcerated at the Muret detention center, where, with the help of his parents, he attempted to get a retrial.
The request for review was based on counter-expertise from across the country, which called into question the conclusions of the first examiners.
On July 21, 1987, after the rejection of an appeal in cassation, Tangorre obtained a presidential pardon from François Mitterrand, but only a partial one, which reduced his sentence to four years.
A cohort of journalists were present during his exit, during which he made a statement signifying the continuation of his fight.
Coming from Paris so they could hitchhike on the Côte d'Azur for the weekend of May 21 and 22, 1988, 20-year-old Jennifer Mac Luney and 21-year-old Carol Ackermann, American students in Paris, went to Marseille at first, before moving to a beach in Les Sablettes in La Seyne-sur-Mer.
On May 23, they hitchhiked again to return to the capital, where they were taking advanced French courses in an American college.
They were standing at the outskirts of Marseille when a man driving Renault 4, aged 30, with brown hair and a friendly demeanor, offered to bring them to Lyon.
Shortly before Nîmes, the man claimed that he wanted to go pick cherries, so he deviated from the main route and stopped his apple-green 4L in an isolated cherry plantation, located about three kilometers from Nîmes.
There, under the threat of a weapon, he raped them for a long time, sodomizing them with engine oil to make things easier.
After walking through the fields for 35 minutes, they found a highway terminal, where they called the police, reporting that they had been raped.
When the police questioned the American students, they revealed that they had an excellent memory: they accurately described the green 4L (license plate, a missing handle, the gas gauge not working) in which they were violated, the physique of the individual (in his 30s, wearing a yellow Lacoste polo shirt, a signet ring, white jeans and gray/black sneakers).
In addition, they said that there was a pile of books in the trunk of the 4L, on which there were the words 'guilt' or 'guilty' and the face of a mustachioed man on the cover page; also, when the perpetrator saw the girls looking at the books, he quickly covered the pile with a blanket before raping them.
The gendarmes again became interested in Luc Tangorre, learning that he lived in Lyon, where he ran a tobacco shop on the Place Carnot, on Marigny, bought after his release with the help of his parents.
On letters of rogatory, Christian Lernould, investigating judge at the court of Nîmes, ordered the gendarmes to bring in Tangorre for questioning on October 24.
When arrested by the gendarmerie at Lyon, he shouted out his innocence when the police informed him that he was accused of two rapes.
Luc claimed on the day of the day of the rapes it was Pentecost, and that he was at his parents' house for a family dinner after a baptism; he apparently remembered it very well, because it was the first family party since his release.
He then said that he slept at his parents' house and noted his activities in his notebook, an alibi backed by his family and friends.
To prove his innocence, Tangorre's parents even gave the police photos of the baptism: to their stupefication, in the photos, Luc was wearing jeans, the yellow Lacoste polo shirt and the gray/black sneakers, as described by the two girls.
The police made the trip to Marseille-Nîmes to find out if Luc Tangorre could have the necessary time to violate the two students.
Modeled on the fluctuating declarations of the Americans, no less than four thirty-month retrospective trajectory trials were necessary to be conducted, taking into account the claims by the girls.
Tangorre's five lawyers challenged the honesty of the fourth trial, and gave reasons in writing as to why they refused to participate.
As soon as he was arrested, Tangorre asked the gendarmes and the judge for a genetic comparison based on the samples, as quickly as possible.
Nevertheless, the evidence taken from both Mac Luney and Ackermann, which should logically exonerate Tangorre if tampered with or simply fixed, was rare and altered, which destroys all possibility of exploitation.
Luc Tangorre was brought before the examining magistrate, while the two girls made the express trip from the United States to identify him.
However, the claims about the rear seats of the green 4L on which the girls were raped were unusable, along with the claim that the gas tank had run 40 km as described by the accusers (it was not conclusively proven after the investigation), which weakened the credibility of the accusations.
Tangorre argued that it was impossible to remain a virgin after the type of rape Ackermann had suffered, and that Mac Luney could not reasonably explain by what miracle she could, eight weeks after the fact, reproduce from memory the design of the jacket after her traumatic condition, with precision comparable to that of tracing.
However, he was incarcerated and imprisoned at the Nîmes prison, and when his supporters, most of whom had been with him since his first trial, learned about his possible involvement in the Nîmes rapes, a part of them began wondering who was responsible for raping the nine young women in Marseille.
In addition, Pierre Vidal-Naquet, who believed in his innocence in the first instance, said that if it turns out that Tangorre is guilty, he would publicly apologize.
As for Luc, he denounced in vain a fictitious accusation, intended to artificially ruin the efforts which previously lead to the review of the first trial.
The second trial of Luc Tangorre began on February 3, 1992, before the cour d'assises of Gard and Nîmes, under presiding Justice Maurice Malleval.
Like in the first trial, Tangorre defended himself viciously, but Ackermann and Mac Luney's testimony weighed heavily on the balance, after they claimed and confirmed that it was indeed Luc Tangorre who had raped them.
The verdict of the second trial was announced on February 8, and Luc Tangorre was sentenced, with extenuating circumstances, to 18 years imprisonment.
Domiciled in the Lyon area, since his release from prison in 2000, Luc Tangorre became the talk of the town again on August 12, 2014, when he was indicted in Grau-du-Roi, on suspicion of sexually assaulting a 12-year-old child.
The case experienced ramifications, as two other minors joined in the indictment, bringing the total number to three assaults in Gard.
Luc Tangorre was left free, with a travel ban on Gard, although the Nîmes Procurate required that he be placed in provisional custody.
On September 12, 2019, the Nîmes Correctional Tribunal sentenced Luc Tangorre to three and a half years for sexually assaulting three minors between July 1, 2012 and July 19, 2019.
His civil and civic rights were withdrawn for a period of five years, and after he was convicted of rape six times, he continues to proclaim himself a victim of a miscarriage of justice.
It is a tree that can reach up to 15 meters high, has a crooked trunk that is a characteristic of the vegetation of the high Andean forests.
Its leaves are lemon green and pale green on the underside and its texture is similar to that of cardboard paper.
It is distributed in the Andean forest areas at a height of between 2400-3400 meters above sea level; in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
This species is of great importance in ecological restoration due to its high rate of foliar exchange, its association with fungi (mycorrhizae) and nitrogen fixing bacteria.
Its wood is used in construction and as fuel for wood furnaces, the tree has tannins in its bark, used in tanneries; from its fruits a violet dye is obtained that can be used in handicraft work.
Daniel Petermann (born October 4, 1995) is a professional Canadian football wide receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was drafted in the third round, 26th overall, in the 2018 CFL Draft by the Blue Bombers and was signed on May 14, 2018.
Cayo de Agua is located relatively far from the aerodrome or airport of Los Roques located at the opposite end (west) of the archipelago on the island of Gran Roque.
Cayo de Agua is popular within the archipelago thanks to the beauty of its white sands and solitary beaches, the birds that can be found in its surroundings and the fact that it forms with other neighboring keys a small natural swimming pool, there are also freshwater wells, one of the most practiced activities is diving.
The 2006 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.
On 26 November 2006, St. Vincent's won the championship following a 1-05 to 0-07 defeat of Glanmire in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn after two replays.
Joes Fork drains of area, receives about 49.7 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 445.60 and is about 28% forested.
On 23 November 2019, in the early hours, the President's rule was revoked and BJP's Devendra Fadnavis took oath as the Chief Minister for the second consecutive term while NCP's parliamentary party leader Ajit Pawar took oath as the Deputy Chief Minister.
NCP chief Sharad Pawar announced that Ajit Pawar's decision to support the BJP was his own and is not endorsed by the party.
Effectively the NCP is split into two factions: one led by Sharad Pawar while the other led by his nephew Ajit Pawar.
The second cabinet of Devendra Fadnavis was dissolved on 26 November 2019 after the resignation of the chief Minister and Deputy-Chief Minister before the floor test.
In 1756 Vosmaer became the director of a natural history collection started by Princess Anna, the wife of William IV, Prince of Orange and continued by their son William V. Vosmaer held the post until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
Vosmaer produced a series of 34 booklets describing animals that were published between 1766 and 1805 in both Dutch and French.
Each booklet included at least one and sometimes two plates engraved by Simon Fokke, many of which were based on watercolours by Aert Schouman.
Yanchep Secondary College is an Independent public co-educational high day school located in Yanchep, a far northern suburb of , Western Australia.
Due to the area being one of the fastest growing parts of Perth, there was a need for a larger high school.
Stage one has 33 general classrooms, specialist rooms for science, computing, woodwork, metalwork and home economics, a gymnasium and sports fields.
Yanchep Secondary College opened at the start of the 2018 school year for years 7 to 11, with year 12's beginning in 2019.
The 2007 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the second staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 20 October 2007, Mallow won the championship following a 1-07 to 0-07 defeat of Killavullen in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.
It was most likely created for King Henry IV of France with other bronzes as a diplomatic gift from Ferdinando I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, to embellish the gardens of the Royal castle in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
To enhance the erotic attraction of the female nude, the artist has contrived that the goddess hides her face behind her raised arm holding up a vessel, with which she is bathing.
The beholder can approach her without entering her line of sight and when he is in front of her there is a moment of reciprocal discovery.
The seated statue is a second remodelled and rethought version of a marble Venus by the same artist, today in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
The bronze Venus was rediscovered in the late 1980s in the possessions of a scrap-metal dealer near Paris, who seems to have obtained it from the demolition of the Château of Chantemesle (Corbeil-Essonnes) in the early 1960s.
It was at first dismissed as a later copy after the Getty Venus, but recent research has argued its autograph authorship by Giambologna.
The bronze Venus shows stylistic features that cannot be found on the Getty marble but do appear on many other large bronzes in Giambologna’s oeuvre.
The garment of the bronze Bathing Venus was left unfinished in parts on purpose, in order to create variety and contrasts of texture.
Use of ‘unfinished’ (non-finito) passages is a stylistic device that Giambologna adopted from Donatello and which he used for his bronze sculptures throughout his career.
Its appearance on a figure made by the Florentine court sculptor is explained by its destination as a diplomatic gift to the king of France.
TL-dating of the core material has shown with a probability of 99.7% that the casting of the bronze took place before 1648.
Tests were carried out by the Rathgen Research Laboratory of the Berlin State Museums, commissioned by the J. Paul Getty Museum, later confirmed by Oxford Authentication, Wantage, and re-checked by Professor Ernst Pernicka at the Curt-Engelhorn-Center for Archaeometry in Mannheim.
Gerhardt Meyer was a member of a well-known dynasty of founders, working around the Baltic Sea in Riga, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Helsingör between the late 16th and the late 18th century.
Several generations of the family bore the Christian name Gerhardt and they all signed with the same traditional formula: ME FECIT GERHARDT MEYER.
The Latin wording of the founder’s signature on the bronze Venus contains an obvious mistake by apparently stating that the statue was created in Stockholm.
In 1597 the statue cannot have been made in Stockholm (Latin: Holmia), as its casting model could only have been in Florence.
The formula of the signature must be considered like a present-day marque, as confirmed by A. Zaijc (Austrian Academy of Science) and Charles Avery, which the craftsman punched routinely with a pre-existing set of punches.
Craftsmen and artists were usually ignorant of Latin, and in this case this is demonstrated by Meyer giving the casting date in his mother tongue German instead of in Latin.
The same error occurs in the signatures of Giambologna and of one of his foremost pupils, Pietro Francavilla, when they want to state their Flemish origin (Latin: BELGĀ), but erroneously indicate that the figures in question have been made ‘in Belgium’ (Latin: BELGIAE) instead of their real place of manufacture, Florence.
The reason for this is a casting fault underneath, a so-called Lunker, which made the material so thin in this spot that punching in a letter would have created a hole.
This Lunker one can see with the naked eye and has been further proved by a computer-tomography made by the Fraunhofer Institut (Fürth).
Up to the 18th century there existed two equivalent forms of the number 5: one with and one without stroke on the top.
The first publication of the bronze Venus, in the Catalogue of Italian Sculpture in the J. Paul Getty Museum, was based on her opinion, even though it had already at the time been contradicted by the technical data made available by the Getty Research Institute.
The marble Venus today in the J. Paul Getty Museum was a Medici gift to the Bavarian court made before 1584.
Around 1700 a number of simplified aftercasts of the marble were made in metal and plaster, of which six are known today.
Around 1700 a later member of the Meyer family of founders, known through a number of documents, was active in Stockholm.
He had been sent by the King of Sweden to Paris as an apprentice to the most famous founder of the time, Jean-Balthazar Keller, in order to learn the technique of figure casting.
The technical explanation she has given of the way this might have happened has been disproved by A. Rudigier in a reply to her article in the The Burlington Magazine.
The quality of the bronze makes it impossible to put it into the same group as the known Swedish aftercasts of around 1700.
The bronze Venus has markedly varied surface textures, clearly differentiating hair, body and cloth in a naturalistic way – typical features of late Renaissance bronze art in Florence, but by 1700 completely out of fashion in Baroque bronze sculpture.
Diemer has no explanation why the artist who modelled the bronze Venus, if he were active in Stockholm around 1700, would produce a very expensive bronze work with features entirely out of fashion at the time.
In particular she has no explanation how such a hypothetical artist should have been able to match Giambologna’s bronze style, as it could not be deduced from the marble, down to the smallest detail.
It is also documented that Keller, the master of Gerhardt Meyer IV stated that his training had been so incomplete that he had not learnt how to cast monumental figures.
In the catalogue entry the director of the Uffizi and curator of the exhibition, Eike D. Schmidt calls the bronze Bathing Venus a masterpiece of 16 c. Italian art.
In his entry in the catalogue regarding the argument over the attribution between Diemer and Rudigier in the Burlington Magazine he considers Diemer’s hypothesis as entirely disproved.
In the article Diemer accused Eike D. Schmidt to have significantly increased the market value of the piece by exhibiting it in the Pitti show.
In 1989, he helped found the CPNT political party in France, acting as the chairman for nine years before being charged in 1998 for embezzlement.
This list comprises all players who have played for Los Angeles FC which dates from the team's inaugural Major League Soccer season in 2018 to present.
Overseas players are exempt from counting towards this total if they have permanent residency rights in the U.S. (green card holder), other special dispensation such as refugee or asylum status, or qualify under the Homegrown International Rule.
The killings occurred between January 1981 and October 1983 in Los Angeles' West Side, which earned Tholmer the nickname of The West Side Rapist.
He is known to have been born in 1949 into an African-American family in New Orleans, Louisiana, and showed signs of an intellectual disability early in life.
As a result, he left his home in the late 1950s and began to live a vagrant lifestyle in the company of other street children.
Since 1960, Tholmer has been repeatedly arrested for various offences over the next few years, and spent several years in institutions for juvenile delinquents, where he was subjected to physical and sexual abuse by the other teenagers, because of which he developed a mental disorder and began to show signs of paraphilia.
In the early 1970s, Brandon moved to Los Angeles, where for several years he was forced to engage in low-skilled labor.
On the basis of a forensic medical examination, he was declared insane and was sent off for compulsory treatment in the Patton State Hospital.
Tholmer came under suspicion at the end of October 1983, for the murders of 82-year-old Lucille Pyle and 72-year-old Mary Pauquette, and as a result, police began surveiling him on November 2nd.
He was arrested five days later, after he was caught trying to break into the house of 85-year-old Irene Rogers, who was paralyzed.
After the arrest Tholmer's apartment was searched, from which more than 200 pieces of jewelry, watches, photographs and other small items were found, whom were later identified by the relatives of 34 elderly women who had died between the period of January 1981 and October 1983.
Most of the victims lived alone in the Hollywood area, not far from Downtown Los Angeles, about one half of a kilometer from where Brandon Tholmer resided.
On the basis of this evidence, in January 1984, Brandon was charged with the murder of Mary Pauquette (killed on September 12, 1983); 80-year-old Rose Lederman (killed in August 1981); 69-year-old Wollomooloo Woodcock (strangled in August 1982); 76-year-old Lorraine Wells and 70-year-old Dorothy Fain in May and August 1983, respectively.
He was also charged with sodomy, arson, the rape of a 38-year-old woman in August 1981 and the attempted attack on Rogers.
Despite the fact that the investigators found evidence of Tholmer's involvement in at least seven other murders, he was not charged with any of them.
In addition to physical evidence, fingerprints belonging to Tholmer were found at the crime scenes, with the prosecution presenting more than 100 witnesses.
A number of Brandon's friends and acquaintances stated that he had repeatedly shown signs of gerontophilia, trying to get to know older women in two supermarkers where his girlfriend worked, and where he spent a lot of his free time.
Some of them also told the court that he periodically would find temporary work in the evening or at night, setting off to an unknown location to do it.
Tholmer himself could not give an explanation for this, and was also unable to provide an alibi on the dates of the murders.
The defense lawyers emphasized on the bullying their client was subjected to in his childhood, which ultimately led to mental, emotional and behavioral problems.
Tholmer was spared the death penalty, and in November, he was instead given several consecutive life sentences, without the chance of parole.
As of December 2019, the 69-year-old Brandon Tholmer is still alive, and continues to serve his sentence at the California Medical Facility, due to multiple health-related problems.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of G major in common time with a tempo of 140 beats per minute.
It was filmed in the semi-desserts of Bardenas Reales, Spain and directed by Richard Paris Wilson from We Are Cowboys whereby he additionally acted as the director of photography.
Barbara Cooper (born 1949) is an American artist whose practice encompasses abstract sculpture, public and installation art, drawing and set design.
She is most known for her sculpture, which emphasizes process, handcraft, and its basis in natural forms and processes of transformation, such as growth, protection and regeneration.
Cooper has exhibited at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (MCA), Hafnarfjördur Centre of Culture and Fine Art (Iceland), and Bellevue Arts Museum, and been commissioned for public art works in cities including Chicago, Toledo, and Providence.
She studied fiber art at the Cleveland Institute of Art (BFA, 1974) and Cranbrook Academy of Art (MFA, 1977), before turning to sculpture influenced by artists such as Eva Hesse Jackie Winsor, and Giuseppe Penone and the Arte Povera movement.
After graduating, she headed Syracuse University's fiber department, before moving to Bozeman, Montana in 1979 for a position teaching sculpture and drawing at Montana State University.
In 1986, she relocated to Chicago, where she has taught at the Art Institute of Chicago (1987–2009) and Harper College (1988–2001).
During her first decade of professional exhibition, Cooper was featured in solo shows at the Yellowstone Art Museum (1985), Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (1985) and Artemisia Gallery (Chicago, 1987, 1988), and group shows at the Evanston Art Center, Hyde Park Art Center and Randolph Street Gallery, among others.
Critics often relate Cooper's work to postminimalist sculptors such as Magdalena Abakanowicz, Eva Hesse, Lenore Tawney and Jackie Winsor, who merged feminist concerns with process, the organic and craft with minimalist codes of repetition, geometric purity, and restraint.
Writers also place her among a second generation of organic sculptors (including Joan Livingstone and Sheri Simons) who brought a new conceptual orientation and reductive elegance to fiber-related work, or liken her art to that of Martin Puryear.
Cooper's work across media is united by several common themes: its basis in and abstraction of natural forms, temporal systems and patterns; a sense of movement that includes gesture, line and the activation of space; and its exploration of process and diverse materials.
In her mature, post-1987 work, Cooper employs working methods derived from both her early fiber training—plaiting and the organic, linear build of spinning and weaving—and studies of accretive natural phenomena, such as animal architecture, the growth of trees, or geological forces.
After moving to Chicago in 1987, Cooper began working with veneer scraps recycled from woodworking factories; the material connected her art to the greater ecological whole through a life cycle of extraction from nature, industrial processing and discard, and transformation into organic aesthetic forms.
Her process involved methodically bending and layering the fragile veneer in loose, interlaced weaves that created undulating, penetrable skins or shell-like armor around hollow, biomorphic cores: cocoon, spiral, bulb, limb, vessel and nest forms.
In the late 1990s, critics identified a new intensity and frankness in Cooper's sculpture, which often features commanding, larger-than-human scaled tree-, column- or torso-like forms that express themes of vulnerability, healing, and ecological threat.
Still influenced by natural building processes—the outward, ringed growth of trees, layering of cells in an embryo, bundling of fibers into muscle, or accretive forming of shells—this work incorporated new methods (dappled, fish-scale-like surfaces, visible drips of sap-like glue) and materials (junked automotive parts and cast steel) that conflate the organic and fabricated.
Residencies in Iceland in 2000 and 2003 took Cooper's work in a new direction, as she explored the fluid dynamics of geological forces such as lava flows and earthquakes.
That work led to a series of multi-sectioned sculptures cast in iron from clay slabs, in which she varied organic, terrain-like surfaces with smooth cut edges to suggest landscape tensions between nature and human development.
Throughout her career, Cooper has created and exhibited drawings that function as parallel works rather than studies, and reveal her sculpture's dependence on line, gesture and fluidity.
In later drawings, Cooper has sought to remove evidence of her hand in collage works that incorporate scanned and Photoshopped material or collected pressed leaves.
In 2013, she collaborated with choreographer Jan Bartoszek to create ASCENDance, a fifty-minute multimedia dance work that features dancers manipulating large, origami-based sculptural elements, an entirely new form for Cooper.
Cooper's work is in many public and private art collections, including the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Long Beach Museum of Art, Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest, Columbus Museum of Art, Contemporary Museum Honolulu, Cranbrook Art Museum, Illinois State Museum, Racine Art Museum, and Yellowstone Art Museum, among others.
Cooper has been recognized with grants from the National Endowment for the Arts (1994), Illinois Arts Council (three, 1988–2009) and City of Chicago (1991), and awarded artist residencies from the Wilderness Workshop, Bloedel Reserve, Museum of Copenhagen, Kohler Arts Center, Hafnarfjördur Centre, Camargo Foundation, MacDowell Colony, Ragdale, Montalvo Arts Center, and Yaddo, among others.
The Hugh Lake is a freshwater body crossed by the Métabetchouane River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lake Hugh is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of Lake Lavoie, Métabetchouane River, the outlet of Lakes Rocand, Apollon and Esculape, the outlet of the second lake Demuth and Demuth, the outlet of Lake Douve.
This lake has a narrowing in its middle because of a peninsula attached to the south shore which stretches to the northwest on one from the other.
Lansing Colton Holden Sr. (March 2, 1858 – May 15, 1930) was an American architect of the late 19th & early 20th centuries with several works in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
He served on many committees and was lar­gely re­s­pon­si­ble for the its code of ethics in its pre­sent form, and served as.pre­si­dent of the New York Chap­ter.
He was a mem­ber of the Board of Ex­ami­ners of the City of New York in 1916, a mem­ber of the Board of Stan­dards and Ap­peals in 1916 – 18, and a di­rec­tor of the En­gi­neers Club.
It is believed that he also designed several textile mill buildings in New England but no record of these has been found.
Étienne Troy, born Toulouse 21 July 1844, died Paris 3 June 1909 was a French baritone opera singer who took numerous small roles in Paris for over 40 years and was later a stage manager at the Opéra-Comique.
The son of a hatter, Troy studied singing at the Paris Conservatoire where in 1864 he won the first prize in the opéra-comique competition.
Troy became a member of the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire in 1893, retiring in 1904 and thus becoming an honorary member.
He was the younger brother of Eugène Troy (1836-71), a bass who followed a short but successful career at the same theatres.
In 1892, while participating in a tennis tournament at Niagara Falls, Ontario, Malcolm Greene Chace was introduce to the Canadian pastime of ice hockey.
While he was attending Yale University, Chace put together a team of fellow collegians from his alma mater as well as Brown, Columbia and Harvard that embarked on a 10-game tour in Canadian cities around southern Quebec and Ontario during the winter of 1894–95.
The following year, Chace was able to put together a team of Yale students and organize four games for them to play during the spring semester.
The second and third games played by Yale were played against Johns Hopkins University and are credited with being the first two intercollegiate ice hockey games played by American universities.
College ice hockey in the United States predates the existence of any formal governing body but when the precursor to the NCAA was created in 1906 ice hockey was far too regional new for it to receive much attention.
For most of the first half of the 20th century the colleges themselves were allowed to set the terms for which teams they could participate against and who would be declared champion at the end of the season.
Prior to the conclusion of World War I virtually all ice hockey programs were located at universities in the Northeastern United States making the task of determining the champion a fairly easy task.
The third seeds Jack Crawford and Gar Moon defeated fourth-seeded Harry Hopman and Gerald Patterson 4–6, 6–4, 12–10, 6–3 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1932 Australian Championships.
With the final shot of the match he put away, Crawford completed his Triple Crown, having won Men's Singles and Mixed Doubles titles earlier that day.
The list is organized by the region and country of the organization that gives the award, but some awards are open to international competitors.
Born in Bochum, Budde studied piano and school music at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg where he passed his state examination in 1961.
After subsequent studies in musicology and Germanistic at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, he received his doctorate in 1967 with a thesis on the early Anton Webern.
In 1972 he was appointed Professor of musicology at the State University of Music and Performing Arts in Berlin (today: Berlin University of the Arts).
His areas of research include the history of musical composition from the Middle Ages to the present; the music of the 19th and 20th centuries, the history of performance practice and interpretation and questions and problems of the interdisciplinary (music - painting - architecture) and finally the music of Franz Schubert.
Reviewers praised the game for its innovative combat mechanics, complex character skill system, and large modding community, but also criticized it for its repetitive quests, dialogues, and locations, as well as low graphics quality.
The player is able to join one of the factions, fight as a mercenary, assume the role of an outlaw, or take a neutral side.
He attended McQuaid Jesuit High School in Rochester, New York, where he was named Mr. New York Basketball after his senior year.
During his senior season, he was named Mr. Basketball in New York after he averaged 22.1 points per game and led McQuaid to a 27-1 record and the state championship.
After graduating from high school in 2003, Relph received several NCAA Division I scholarship offers but eventually chose West Virginia University over Clemson and Rhode Island.
He went on to play 76 games for St. Bonaventure, including 53 starts, where he averaged 9.9 points and 3.9 assists per game.
During his senior season, he averaged 11.9 points and 3.9 assists per game, and led the nation in free throw percent, making 93.8% of his attempts.
While recuperating, he worked on St. Bonaventure's staff under head coach Mark Schmidt as the Director of Player Personnel and Managers.
He previously served as National Deputy for Buenos Aires Province, as member of the Council of Magistracy, and General Secretary to President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.
1950), a law student at the University of Buenos Aires and a member of the armed organization Montoneros, was killed by the National Reorganization Process regime in 1977.
Like his father, de Pedro studied law at the University of Buenos Aires, and then went on to receive a Master's Degree on public policy at the University of San Andrés.
De Pedro's political career began in 2004 when he was designated Chief of Cabinet of the Subsecretariat of Tourism of Buenos Aires City, during the administration of Aníbal Ibarra.
In 2006, alongside Máximo Kirchner, Andrés Larroque, Juan Cabandié, Mariano Recalde and José Ottavis, de Pedro co-founded La Cámpora, a youth political organization that acted as the youth wing of the Front for Victory.
Representing the majority bloc in the Chamber, de Pedro was designated as member of the Council of Magistracy of the Nation in February 2014.
On 26 February 2015 he was designated as General Secretary of the Presidency under President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, a post he held until 10 December 2015, when Fernández de Kirchner's term ended.
De Pedro headed the Front for Victory's deputies party list in Buenos Aires Province in the 2015 legislative election, and in 2018 he was again designated as one of the Chamber's representatives to the Council of Magistracy, this time representing the minority bloc.
The 1895–96 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season was the first scholastic year in which two organized college teams played against one another.
Johns Hopkins University and Yale University competed in two February games, marking the beginning of collegiate ice hockey in the United States.
It was opened on 18 December 1994 as the southern terminus of the inaugural section of Line 3 from Plaza Venezuela to El Valle.
On 15 October 2006 the line was extended south to La Rinconada, but the intermediate stations were only opened on 9 January 2010.
Maire Quinn (9 June 1872 – 21 August 1947) was an Irish actress and republican activist, and one of the founding members of the Irish National Theatre Society.
Maire Quinn was born Mary Quinn to Michael Quinn and Margaret Roden in County Fermanagh, but sometimes referred to as Maire T. Quinn or Mary Teresa Quinn.
She was one of the founding members of Inghinidhe na hÉireann, being appointed its executive secretary by Maud Gonne, the society's president.
The members demanded that he answer the rumors that he would give the welcome address at the impending visit of King Edward VII.
Quinn defended Maud Gonne's house in Rathgar after Gonne hung a black flag after the death of Pope Leo XIII during the royal visit.
Members of the Inghinidhe broadly tried to avoid altercations with the police, but on one flag-burning incident, Gonne and Quinn almost were imprisoned for a night.
Kelly to perform at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, but she objected to the stage-Irish of some of the earlier acts on the bill by striking.
After this point, Quinn's acting career declined, while her husband continued to act and direct with the New York Theatre Guild and in film.
Quinn was travelling by boat their summer home on Fire Island when she took ill, dying 21 August 1947 in a hospital on Long Island.
At the same time worked freelance for the Royal Opera House (ROH), before formerly joining as Head of Digital Media in 2008.
She led the ROH in being one of the first cultural institutions on YouTube, as well as developing content to make opera more accessible.
In 2009 Coldicutt and the ROH stage an opera through Twitter, encouraging people to submit 140 character tweets to form a new libretto.
In 2011 Coldicutt and Katy Beale founded Caper, a creative agency that made content for the Southbank Centre and Royal Shakespeare Company.
Having identified that UK tech workers frequently leave their jobs due to ethical concerns, Coldicutt argued that there is a business case for making developing more ethical tech products.
There are almost one hundred organisations in the United Kingdom that look to regulate technology and data, but they are not well connected to other sectors, and scandals such as Cambridge Analytica's interference with political campaigns increase public distrust.
Coldicutt was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2020 New Year Honours for her services to technology.
Set in the west of Scotland during the 1950s, the novel follows fifteen-year-old Duncan Logan as he leaves school to work on a farm.
His youthful aspirations, fostered by reading authors such as John Dos Passos, are thwarted as he enters an adult world defined by alcohol, violence and betrayal, with his family scorning his attempts to better himself.
Columbia University and Pennsylvania University fielded teams for the first time but with only four programs in existence most games were played against non-college opponents.
As part of the 1960 Irish local elections, all 21 seats on Cork City Council were contested on 29 June, with counting of votes beginning on 30 June and concluded in the early hours of 3 July.
This was the last time the entire county borough of Cork formed a single local electoral area (LEA), with 63 single transferable vote counts necessary to process the 72 candidates.
Electoral law empowered the Minister for Local Government to split county boroughs into multiple LEAs only if the council requested, which Cork City Council had not done.
The Electoral Act 1963 allowed the minister to act unilaterally and, after its 1965 boundary extension, the borough was divided into 6 LEAs in time for the 1967 local elections, with the larger parties increasing their proportion of seats.
Seán McCarthy, John Bermingham and Gus Healy were also elected to Cork County Council from the Cork Rural LEA which bordered the city.
He had one innings of note, when he scored 228 against the Gentlemen of England in 1907, which included thirty fours and a single six and contributed toward an opening stand of 338 with Hugh Teesdale.
With his slow bowling, Bowring took 20 wickets at a bowling average of 26.75 and best figures of 3 for 10.
A cricketer of great promise, he would have undoubtedly featured for Oxford in the 1909 season, had it not been for his death from blood poisoning in August 1908.
Prior to the advent of the NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament in 1948, the champion of college ice hockey in the United States was not officially decided, at least not according to the NCAA.
Inn the early years, naming a champion was a fairly easy task as there were few active teams and many played one another during the season.
Some upper-echelon schools formed an intercollegiate hockey league around the turn of the century and began playing one another on a consistent basis.
Due to this informal schedule the schools were able to declare a champion between the members and have that team serve as the de facto collegiate champion.
Several of the smaller schools, like Williams College or Union College were not considered for the championship for a few reasons, chief among which was that their level of competition usually did not raise to the standards of Harvard or Yale.
After World War I ice hockey teams began sprouting up across New England and the rust belt making the naming of an individual champion more difficult.
The race will be scheduled for 500 laps of the circuit, for a total of , with a time-certain finish of 23 hours from the green flag of the race.
With the addition of Brown University and Harvard University to the ice hockey ranks, the first ice hockey conference was formed and named the first unofficial collegiate champion.
After the school year ended, Johns Hopkins University became the first college to dissolve its ice hockey program, citing travel costs, disagreements between the rink managers, and lack of support from the student body.
Ratepayers' Association is a name used by a political party or electoral alliance contesting a local election to represent the interests of those who pay rates to the municipal government.
Rates are a property tax which provides a main source of funding for some local governments; the amount paid is usually proportional to the value of the property, and commercial premises may have higher rates than residences.
Therefore a Ratepayers' Association is typically supported by property owners rather than tenants, and by business owners in particular, and has a platform of value-for-money and avoiding wasteful municipal spending.
In the United Kingdom, local elections were on a ratepayer franchise until the 1910s, and Ratepayers' Associations remained prominent until the 1930s, when they lost ground to the three national parties; since the 1960s they have retained a role in scattered urban and suburban areas.
Hine worked there with the architect John Grovsner as his assistant from 1865 until 1877, and subsequently started his own practice.
Hine moved to Cape Town, South Africa in 1881, then to Bathurst, New South Wales in 1883, before settling in Perth, Western Australia, in 1895, where he remained until his death in January 1928.
Milan Blagojević (born 12 May 1965) in Gračanica is a Serbian jurist, a full-time Professor of Constitutional Law and the judge of the District Court of Banja Luka.
He gained his Bachelor’s degree in Law from the Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo in 1991, and passed the bar exam in 1994.
He earned his Master’s degree in Law Science from the Faculty of Law, University of Banja Luka in 2000 and his PhD degree from the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade in 2002.
His judicial career so far implies positions of the President of the Magistrates’ Court in Petrovo, Ozren, judge of the Military Court in Bijeljina, judge of the Basic Court in Doboj (criminal cases) and judge of the Municipal Court in Travnik (civil cases).
In June 2001 he attended educational seminar for judges and prosecutors from Bosnia and Herzegovina concerning the European Convention on Human Rights and its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, organized by the Council of Europe.
In 2003 and 2004 he completed summer seminar of the Legal Reform Program, which is initiative of the Johns Hopkins Center of the University of Bologna, the Faculty of Law of the University of Bologna and the Faculty of Law of the University of Belgrade.
He was a President of the Municipal Election Commission of the Municipality of Petrovo in a period 1996-2000, and a Head of the Department for General Administration of the Municipality of Petrovo in 2004 and 2005.
In 2010 and 2011, he worked as a legal advisor to the Director of the Republic Administration for Geodetic and Property Affairs of the Republic of Srpska.
Milan Blagojević is a full-time Professor of the Constitutional Law and College Professor for the subjects Criminal Law and Criminal Procedural Law.
He has been teaching Constitutional Law, Introduction to Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedural Law and Major Legal Systems for 11 years at numerous higher education institutions of the Republic of Srpska.
He is the author or co-author of 30 books from the field of law (author of 22 books and co-author of 8), and has written more than 60 scientific and expert papers from the field of law which have been published in scientific and professional magazines in Banja Luka, Sarajevo, Doboj, Belgrade, Nis and Kotor.
The monographs he wrote include three practicums for court proceedings: Practicum in Criminal Procedural Law (two editions), Practicum in Civil Proceedings and Practicum in Administrative Litigation, but he was also a co-author for two practicums: Litigation in Practice and Administrative Litigation in Practice.
He is a co-author (with academic Miodrag N. Simović) of two editions of the university textbook Međunarodno krivično pravo (2007 and 2013).
The album released on October 28, 2019, under APOP Entertainment and distributed by Kakao M. The album contains covers of different Korean songs from the 80's, 90's, and modern period.
On January 28, 2019, APOP Entertainment confirmed the group was planning to come back in the first half of the year.
On October 22, the track list and a highlight medly for the album was revealed, showing that the album was to be a cover album.
Many ships would crowd in the banks of Inatganj Bazar, and go to many corners of the world, and evidence of this remains at the present high school.
it was first performed with a setting to music by Francesco Feo on 13 May 1723 at the Teatro San Bartolomeo, Naples.
The following plot summary is based on the German translation of the libretto by , performed in 1727 in Hamburg with arias by Nicola Antonio Porpora and recitative by Georg Philipp Telemann.
Siface then admits to Erminio that he has now fallen in love with Ismene, who is waiting for him right now.
Since Orcano already sees her as his queen, he hands over the sword and asks her to kill him as a punishment for his daughter's dishonor.
After he leaves, Viriate tries to talk to Ismene, telling her that Siface was only enjoying her love, but would never marry her.
After Viriate is kidnapped by Libanio, Ismene affirms to Erminio that she really loves him, but that the crown was more important to her.
Large courtroom: Libanio reports to Siface that he tried unsuccessfully to get Viriate's servant to testify against her and has therefore killed him.
Siface now asks Erminio to confess, but he only admits to loving Ismene and assures Siface that Ismene only wants to marry him because of the crown.
Magnificent gallery: Unable to free Viriate, Erminio and Orcano decide to snatch Ismene from the tyrant and go in search of her.
in 1353 Peter was compelled to make a diplomatic marriage with Blanche of Bourbon although he loved María de Padilla and had Blanche arrested immediately after their wedding.
As well as relocating the story in classical North Africa, Metastasio reduced the number of characters and tightened the plot, also reducing some of the emotional impact of the work.
Making Syphax the main character connected the drama with works about Sophonisba, which were then very popular, and also dealt with love outside marriage and included poison in their story.
It was praised of by several members of the Accademia dell’Arcadia and subsequently used by other composers including Giacomo Antonio Perti in Bologna in 1694.
In 1725 Metastasio adapted the text for a setting by Nicola Antonio Porpora, that was performed simultaneously in Venice and Milan on 26 December.
While Porpora attended the performance in Milan, Metastasio attended the premiere in Venice, accompanied by Nicolò Grimaldi and Marianna Bulgarelli, the stars of Francesco Feo’s 1723 version.
Despite losing Johns Hopkins, college ice hockey continued to expand with the addition of two Pennsylvania teams; the University of Pennsylvania (after taking a year off) and the Western University of Pennsylvania (the future University of Pittsburgh).
The resulting poems were published as a booklet by the Wai-te-ata Press in 2006, accompanied by photographs taken in the Neonatal Unit by Alan Knowles.
The Soap Girls are a UK-based punk band consisting of French-born, South African-raised sisters Noemie Debray (guitar, vocals) and Camille Debray (guitar, vocals).
Previously, the Debray sisters formed an earlier dance-pop incarnation of the band in South Africa which was signed to Universal Records.
The Debrays began their music career as child street performers in South Africa, singing while selling soap, from where they acquired their band name.
The band received attention after an incident at a 2016 gig in Hastings in which venue staff attacked the band with a bucketful of stage blood.
Both our stage shows and music addresses and encourages people to get out of their shells and forgo labels that society has imposed on them.
Princeton University played several games during the season, however, Princeton's records for its ice hockey team begin with the 1900–01 season.
It was formed in January 1887 with the amalgamation of the Wagga Shearers Union and Bourke Shearers Union in New South Wales with the Victorian-based Australian Shearers' Union, with William Spence as president and David Temple as secretary.
The Moree Shearers Union in NSW and the South Australian Shearers Union both merged into the union as new branches in 1888, and the union widened its reach to include shearers across the three colonies.
It helped establish the General Labourers Union of Australasia in 1891 in order to unionise shed-hands and present a united front during industrial action as a result of issues arising from the 1891 shearers' strike, and subsequently merged with the GLUA in 1894 to form the Australian Workers' Union.
Clarence DeWitt Thorpe (December 14, 1887 – December 22, 1959) was an American football player and coach and a college faculty member.
He served as the first head football coach at Northern Arizona Normal School—now known as Northern Arizona University—from 1915 to 1917, compiling a record of 9–5.
Thorpe later served as a faculty member at the University of Arizona, the University of Oregon, and the University of Michigan.
He was in both the football and cricket XI's, in addition to winning the lightweight public schools' boxing championship in 1903.
From Harrow he went up to Brasenose College, Oxford where he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1907 and 1908, making eight appearances.
Playing as a wicket-keeper, he scored 105 runs with a highest score of 23, while behind the stumps he took 6 catches and made 3 stumpings.
Having previously been a member of the Oxford University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps, Brandt enlisted as a second lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade at the start of the First World War.
He was promoted to lieutenant in February 1915 and was killed in action at Boezinge in Belgium on 6 July 1915, while commanding a company of men detailed to capture a German trench.
Pals of the Silver Sage is a 1940 American Western film directed by Albert Herman and written by Robert Emmett Tansey.
He served as the head football coach at the Academy of Idaho—now known as Idaho State University–from 1905 to 1906, compiling a record of 3–2–3.
She studied at Barnard College in the U.S., then at Bar-Ilan University in Israel where she received a bachelor's degree in Talmud and Bible.
As they had during their first season, Harvard was only able to play a single game, again losing to Brown in their only outing.
It opened at The Passenger Shed in Bristol from 19 July to 18 August 2019 before touring to Cambridge Arts Theatre (4 to 7 September), York Theatre Royal (10 ti 14 September), Exeter Northcott Theatre (17 to 21 September), HOME Manchester (24 to 28 September) and Oxford Playhouse (1 to 5 October).
Zetterberg began his career in the youth setup of Belgian side Royal Stade Brainois, the same club where Eden and Thorgan Hazard developed.
He made five league appearances for Varberg that season and one appearance each in the league and Svenska Cupen in 2019.
On 30 August 2019, Zetterberg was sent on loan to Ettan side Tvååkers IF, where he made eight aappearances before the end of the season.
He was employed at Microsoft Corporation from 1985 to 1993, and made substantial contributions to the development of Microsoft Press (the company's book publishing division), and the growth of the Microsoft Office and Microsoft Visual Basic software platforms.
He is the author of 40 books related to computer programming, using PC software, and the histories of Europe and the United States.
degree in Computer Science from Pacific Lutheran University (PLU) in 1985, and MA and Ph.D. degrees in History from the University of Washington (1996, 2001).
In a recent book, he discusses the formative influence of the liberal arts on his approach to technical writing and software systems.
In November 1985, Halvorson was hired as employee #850 at Microsoft in Bellevue, Washington, where he worked as a technical editor, acquisitions editor, and localization project manager.
Halvorson was an influential acquisitions editor at Microsoft during the early years of personal computing, acquiring and editing books from notable American technology writers such as Dan Gookin, Steve McConnell, Jerry Pournelle, Neil Salkind, and Van Wolverton.
Within Microsoft’s product teams, Halvorson worked as a localization project manager for the Visual Basic for MS-DOS 1.0 compiler (1992), contributing to the release of the product in the French and German languages.
The book was published by Microsoft Press in 1989 and included a foreword by Bill Gates, who described Microsoft's plans for the BASIC language in future operating systems and application software.
An ethical component of Halvorson’s work is his call to increase equity and access to programming instruction so that more may benefit from the opportunities afforded by digital electronic computing.
He has also published articles in Sixteenth Century Journal, Archive for Reformation History, and Lutheran Quarterly, the later a publication of Johns Hopkins University Press.
In 2018, he co-founded an Innovation Studies program that exposes students to influential ideas about design thinking, ethical leadership, and the history of technology.
The station is located east of the town center; another station, Altstätten Stadt, is located in the town center and is the eastern terminus of the Altstätten–Gais line with additional local services.
Lewis was inspired by the New York house sound and DJ/producers such as Masters at Work, David Morales and Frankie Knuckles.
He has worked with other artists such as Ben Westbeech, Bugz in the Attic's Daz I Kue (Darren Benjamin), Mark Robertson (Spiritual South) and Mike City.
He was one of three highly-rated WR committed to play football at Michigan in 2018, along with Donovan Peoples-Jones and Tarik Black.
He had a 51-yard catch against Maryland, a 47-yard catch against Penn State and four catches for a career high 91-yard and two touchdowns against Ohio State.
He ended the season as the most improved offensive player of the team with 38 receptions for 632 yards and 6 touchdowns.
Despite playing along Donovan Peoples-Jones, Tarik Black and Ronnie Bell, Collins was second on the team in receiving yards in 2019, with 729 yards from 37 receptions and had 7 touchdowns.
The 55th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honoring the best Swedish films of 2018 and took place on January 20, 2020 at Cirkus in Stockholm.
The Hamilton Crescent ground was being re-turfed, so the Inter-City was played at Hampden Park for the first time that any rugby match was played there.
The Crimson also won for the first time and were in contention for the Intercollegiate championship until losing their final game of the season to Yale.
Frank Tallis (born September 1, 1958 in Stoke Newington in northeast London) is an author and clinical psychologist, whose area of expertise is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Frank Tallis grew up in Tottenham, a north London district characterised by ethnic diversity and social tensions, where he attended one of the former secondary modern schools.
Upon graduation he initially lived an unsteady life, teaching piano and playing in a rock band, then married and lived in the country for a while with his wife and child.
After a divorce, he earned a doctorate in psychology and worked for the British National Health Service for a long time, taught clinical psychology and neuroscience at King's College London and treated private patients.
The two main characters are Vienna police inspector Oscar Reinhardt and his friend and adviser, psychiatrist Max Liebermann, a student of Sigmund Freud and a regular guest at Freud’s apartment at Berggasse 19, now the Sigmund Freud Museum in Vienna.
Letaba is a main rest camp along the Letaba River in the north-central region of Kruger National Park in South Africa.
They were primarily crop and cattle farmers, but had an extensive iron smithing expertise, trading their iron goods with Arab merchants along the east coast of southern Africa, in what is today Mozambique.
The people of the area were removed during the creation of Kruger National Park, but most of their descendants live just outside the park's gates.
Letaba features a Tindlovu restaurant overlooking the Letaba river, a small conference centre with a 55 seat auditorium, a swimming pool, laundromat, filling station, slimline ATM, and first aid station.
38 km from Letaba along the Phalaborwa road is the ruin of a BaPhalaborwa tribe village from the 1800s called Masorini.
It was likely a trading hub connecting Venda farmers in the north with Portuguese, Arab, and Chinese traders along the east coast.
There is a museum and picnic area on site with guided tours to the top of the hill, where reconstructed furnaces and huts can be seen.
Letaba is in a transition zone between the granite and gneiss to its west and basalt to the east, providing some unique geology.
The primary exhibit is the display of the tusks and skulls of the Magnificent Seven, a set of enormous tuskers (elephant bulls with very large tusks).
The hall was renovated in 2017 with financial assistance from donors worldwide and design assistance from professor Kevin Todd and his students at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia.
Each elephant had at least one tusk that weighed at least 50 kg, and all of their tusks were at least 2 m long.
Dr. U de V Pienaar, the chief warden of Kruger National Park in the 1970s, decided to publicise these elephants as an example of Kruger's successful conservation work.
As each elephant died, their skull and ivory were recovered and brought to the Elephant Hall, with the exception of João, whose tusks broke off in 1984 and were never found.
The list of current tuskers is available on the South African National Parks website, alongside the list of deceased tuskers and female tuskers.
With the help of over R1.5 million in donations from Australia's University of the Sunshine Coast and the South African National Parks Honorary Rangers, it was reopened on after nine weeks of renovation.
The renovation also meant the addition of the tusks of Mandleve, the largest ivory-carrying elephant ever recorded in Kruger park, who died of natural causes in 1993.
It is located southeast of Jackson along U.S. Route 35, next to Winchester at the intersection of C H & D Road (Ohio State Route 327) and Dixon Run Road (County Road 41), at .
The is an archaeological site containing a Jōmon period shell midden located in what is now part of the city of Tahara, Aichi on the Atsumi Peninsula in the Tōkai region of Japan.
The Yoshigo Shell Midden dates from the late to final Jōmon period, in an alluvial area with an altitude of 6 meters above the current sea level, on a gentle slope facing Atsumi Bay.
He served as the head football coach at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts from 1969 to 1970, compiling a record of 0–12–1.
A longtime resident of Plainfield, New Jersey, he died at the age of 88, on November 1, 2007, at Muhlenberg Regional Medical Center in Plainfield.
The Australian Shearers' Union (also known as the Australasian Shearers Union, sometimes referred to as the Creswick Shearers' Union) was a significant but short-lived early trade union in Victoria and southern New South Wales.
It was formed on 12 June 1886 at a public meeting at Fern's Hotel, Ballarat, to resist a proposed reduction of shearing rates in Victoria and New South Wales, with David Temple as secretary and William Spence as president.
Having sought to amalgamate with the various New South Wales unions from an early stage, it merged with the smaller Wagga Shearers Union and Bourke Shearers Union to form the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia in January 1887.
The discography of American rapper, singer and songwriter Futuristic consists of eight studio albums, one collaboration album, three extended plays and 77 singles (including 27 singles as a featured artist).
At one important section, it connects Hochelaga Street to the south to Des Grandes-Prairies Boulevard to the north, and then another portion of the boulevard connects Henri-Bourassa Boulevard and Gouin Boulevard.
IDER's members, Lily Somerville, who is originally from Tamworth, Staffordshire, and Megan Markwick, who is from North London, met during the first term of their Bachelor of Arts course in Popular Music at Falmouth University in 2012.
Markwick and Somerville have cited Joni Mitchell, Fleetwood Mac, The Beatles, Bruce Springsteen, Jeff Buckley, Beyoncé, Etta James, Dido, Gillian Welch and Nina Simone as influences.
He served as the head football coach at Jacksonville State Normal School—now known as Jacksonville State University—in 1925, compiling a record of 1–6.
Wren played college football at Auburn University from 1915 to 1916 and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his service in World War I.
Before and after his time at Jacksonville State, he served as a high school football coach at a number of school in the state of Alabama.
She began training racehorses in the 1990s, promoting the use of gentle methods without the use of any type of medication.
Ruffu's training style was unorthodox and she was once suspended for nine months from California tracks in part for her activism, though the suspension was later reversed.
In 2004, Ruffu became a 20% owner of a horse named Urgent Envoy, whom she trained, and after being fired as his trainer, became the subject of controversy when she took the horse from his other owners.
Ruffu was in Denton, Texas in the early 1960s, where she attended religious school for grade school students at the Immaculate Conception Catholic Church.
She began working at the track, starting as a hot walker and by the late 1990s was an exercise rider, noted for her gentle handling of horses.
Racing stewards would not comment on the reasons for her suspension, but Ruffu stated that is was, in part, because of her training style, her activism against use of drugs on racehorses, and her opposition to racing two-year old horses.
The suspension was reversed by an administrative tribunal in 1998, but she asked the courts to award her compensation for lost income.
Ruffu was also concerned about the number of horses injured and killed in the racing industry, believing that overuse of medication allowed horse to race while injured.
Haney was impressed with Ruffu's skills with horses and expressed an interest in owning a horse with her in the future.
She limited workouts and didn't use analgesic drugs to mask pain in the horse, nor use the common anti-bleeding medication Lasix, and instead allowed Urgent Envoy to rest in order to recover naturally from injuries.
The horse was scheduled to race again on July 7, but the day before the race, a veterinarian recommended that Urgent Envoy rest, due to a sore shin, so the horse was scratched.
Ruffu later filed a police report, claiming there was a physical altercation between her and the handlers who moving the horse.
Shortly thereafter, Urgent Envoy was diagnosed with a stress fracture and was sent to a ranch in San Diego County to recover.
She visited the horse there and talked to veterinarians who stated to her that Urgent Envoy should have six months for recovery.
Although Baltas had him on a 30-day walking regimen, She was concerned that the horse's injury was not healed and if he raced again, he could suffer a fatal breakdown.
Haney hired a private investigator to find the horse and in 2006, Ruffu went to trial, but was acquitted by jury.
Ruffu still believes her actions were not theft, but rescue, and as of 2019 has not disclosed the location of Urgent Envoy.
It is the modern successor of one of the provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising control of Yamato rule over the provinces.
It was long assumed that the temple was constructed in 741 as the provincial temple of Mikawa Province; however, recent excavations indicate that the pagoda was erected before the other structures in the temple.
Subsequent changes to the temple are unclear, and the temple appears to have been abandoned around the end of the 10th century.
The Mikawa Kokubun-ji was restored during the Eishō era (1504-1521) of the Sengoku period under the sponsorship of the Imagawa clan, and the temple was renamed the Hachiman Kokubun-ji, indicating a connection with a nearby Hachiman shrine.
The bronze bell at the Mikawa Kokubun-ji dates from the early Heian period and was designated a Important Cultural Property of Japan in 1922.
The bell is unsigned, and has a height of 118 cm, circumference of 256 cm, opening of 82.4 cm and a wight of 687 kilograms.
She represented Kenya at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and she won the silver medal in the women's 1500 metres T11 event.
The Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on theoretical particle physics and cosmology.
, it had 12 faculty and affiliate faculty, 18 postdoctoral, and 19 graduate student members, in addition to multiple affiliates, visiting scholars, and staff.
A number of prominent particle theorists have earned degrees or worked at Harvard, including Nobel Laureates David Politzer (PhD 1974), Sheldon Glashow (PhD 1959), David Gross, Steven Weinberg, and Julian Schwinger.
Verbena halei, commonly known as Texas vervain, Texas verbena, or slender verbena, is a flowering plant in the vervain family, Verbenaceae.
Scattered populations have been found along the east coast (North Carolina), and its range stretches south to Florida, west to Arizona, and throughout most of Mexico.
In 1886, he became the founder and secretary of the Australian Shearers' Union, in response to a cut in shearing rates, initially largely enrolling and organising members across Victoria on his own.
Temple was also a key supporter of the union's involvement in the 1890 Australian maritime dispute and the union's support for the new Labor Party in 1891.
Temple initially supported the amalgamation of the ASU into the Australian Workers' Union in 1894, but became opposed due to issues with the merger process, falling out bitterly with union president and long-term colleague William Spence in the process; he stormed out of the merger conference and resigned the secretary role.
Ormenio railway station () is a railway station and former junction where the railway to Svilengrad crosses into Bulgaria, that serves the village of Ormenio, Evros in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.
Located around 900m north of the center of Ormenio, it is the most Northernmost railway station in Greece, and the final stop before crossing the border into Bulgaria.
The station opened in 1896 when the line, built by the Chemins de fer Orientaux (CO), managed by Maurice de Hirsch, as part of the CO's contract to build a line from Istanbul to Vienna.
During World War I the railway was an important link as the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary were all Central Allies.
In 2020 it was announced that section of line between Pythion and Ormenio was to be upgraded, at a cost of €1.4m as part of an ambitious integrated intergovernmental transport plan which will see this, and 39 other transport sector projects be built, with financing from the European Commission with a total of €117 million.
The package of measures aims to build or improve transport connections and connectivity across Europe, with a focus on sustainable transport.
The project for the Pythian-Ormenio section envisions upgrading the existing line infrastructure and trackbed, dubbling of the track as well as the installation of electrification signalling (ETCS Level 1) along the entire stretch, with the aim of improving freight transport with Bulgaria and Turkey.
The station buildings have recently been repaired and upgraded, however the waiting rooms are barely more than brick shelters and the station remains little more than an unstaffed halt.
It was later reported that the men they were left in Greece by Bulgarian smugglers, after they first stole everything they had on them.
The 26 were eventually transferred to the Orestiada Border Guard Department, which is in the process of drafting the case file and is then expected to be transferred to the PRT for recording and identification.
He served as a member of diplomatic staff and as ambassador to Peru and Ecuador from the 1960s and into the 2000s.
Bogomazov was born on 30 September 1943 in Kuybyshev, now the city of Samara, in Kuybyshev Oblast, then part of the RSFSR, in the Soviet Union.
Recruited for work in USSR's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1963, he studied at Moscow State Institute of International Relations in preparation for a career in the Ministry, graduating in 1966.
In 1984 he was appointed head of the 1st European Department at the Foreign Ministry, and in 1985 became Advisor and Envoy to the Embassy in Italy, while simultaneously serving as Consul General to the Republic of San Marino.
He held these posts until 1989, when he became Deputy Permanent Representative of the USSR, and after 1991, the Russian Federation, to the European Communities in Brussels.
This was followed by his appointment in 1993 to serve as Deputy Head of the European Department, and a Deputy Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
He was the ambassador until his replacement on 11 October 2001, at which point he was appointed Ambassador on Special Assignments, and Chairman of the Border Delimitation Commission with Latvia and Estonia.
In 2004 Bogomazov returned to South America as an ambassador, with his appointment on 24 June that year to serve as Ambassador of Russia to Ecuador.
Hackensack Meridian Health's goal is to create one integrated network that has changes how health care is delivered in New Jersey.
Hackensack Meridian Health is affiliated with The Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University and maintains active teaching programs at its hospitals.
It was ultimately converted to a full-service hospital together with for-profit partner LHP Hospital Group (now Ardent Health Services) in 2013.
On January 1, 2016 Meridian Health completed a merger with Raritan Bay Medical Center who was in need of a merger because of increased financial pressures.
Hackensack Meridian Health has 13 hospitals and more than 200 ambulatory care centers, fitness and wellness centers, home health services, rehab centers, and skilled nursing centers spanning from Bergen to Atlantic counties.
On December 2, 2019, Hackensack Meridian Health suffered a ransomware attack that compromised computer systems and forced administrators to cancel roughly 100 elective medical procedures.
This is a list of international trips made by Willy Brandt, the 4th Chancellor of Germany, during his tenure 21 October 1969 to 7 May 1974.
Second-seeded Coral Buttsworth and Marjorie Crawford defeated the fourth seeds Kathleen Le Messurier and Dorothy Weston 6–2, 6–2 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1932 Australian Championships.
Earlier that day both Mrs. Buttsworth and Mrs. Crawford had already won one title each - Women's Singles and Mixed Doubles, respectively.
The Museo Civico di Rieti is the town art and archeology museum located in the Palazzo Communale or former town hall of Rieti in the region of the Lazio, Italy.
The painting and art section is locted at Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II #1, and the archeologic section on Via S. Anna #4.
The impetus of the museum arose in the 19th century and centered around the Ancient inscriptions that had been collected in the town hall.
After the suppression of many of the religious institutions, the collection was enriched with many works of art, exhibited since 1865 in the halls of the Convent of Sant'Agostino of Rieti.
Otter was arranged in typical naval fashion with officer’s housed forward with the galley and their own head, an engine room midships, and cadet room aft with 12-14 bunks in double tiers.
The heads are equipped with a pump-action lever, that can be used to pump sewage into the black water treatment tanks held aboard or into the ocean water.
Above decks was the wheelhouse mounted on the forward cabin's coaming; aft of that, the exposed breezeway; and, mounted on the after cabin's coaming, a Zodiac launch as well as a food locker and barbeque.
Built by Star Shipyard Ltd. of New Westminster, BC in 1953 she was delivered to the RCN as YFM 312 (Yard Ferry, Man) and served as a harbour ferry boat.
Seidelin was born at Sankt Hans Hospital in Roskilde, the son of medical doctor at Sankt Hans Hospital Johannes Henrik Seidelin and Johanne Marie Petersen.
He also designed a number of large villas for the upper middle class in the new districts that emerged oyutside Copenhagen's decommissioned fortification ring.
Seidelin was also responsible for the restoration of a number of historic buildings, for instance Amagertorv 6 the interior of Gunderslevholm's main building.
The body was dragged to a concealed area, off the roadway of County Road 474, not far from the border between Lake and Polk Counties.
Based on the condition of the body, it was estimated that she had died about two weeks to eight months before the discovery.
The victim was initially believed to be a cisgender woman until 2015 DNA tests indicated she was the biologically male sex at birth and had later transitioned.
Additionally, she was taking hormone replacement medication, which caused changes to the pelvic bones, leading to the previous assumption she had a history of pregnancy.
After the discovery that Julie Doe was a transgender woman, the sheriff's department commissioned a new forensic sketch to be created from the skull.
It is believed the sex reassignment surgery occurred around 1984, based on the fact that her breast implants were discontinued around 1983.
In July 2018, isotopic tests were performed in Tampa, Florida by the University of South Florida on samples from the decedent's skull, to pinpoint potential locations where she resided.
Investigators sought services from the DNA Doe Project, which specializes in identifying potential family members of unknown individuals through genetic genealogy.
He had 242 carries, 1,509 yards and 19 touchdowns as a junior, followed by 255 carries, 2,197 yards and 31 touchdowns as a senior.
When Michigan was recruiting Haskins, he was the nation's 82nd best running back and well outside the top 1,000 recruits in the class.
In 2019, with the graduation of Karan Higdon and the suspension of Chris Evans, Haskins moved back to running back to improve the depth at the position.
Haskins had his breakout game on October 12, 2019 when he carried 12 times for 125 yards with his first collegiate touchdown against Illinois.
In his first collegiate start on October 26, 2019 against Notre Dame, Haskins had 20 carries for 149 yards including a 49-yard long rush.
Haskins claimed that spending time at linebacker gave him a better vision of the running lanes and helped him see what opposing defenses were trying to do.
He has been the Executive Editor of ABC News and Head of Investigative Journalism for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation since 2017.
Since opening in 1980, the BRC has provided a tranquil space amid 300 acres of rolling hills and supported the development of the Buddhist community throughout the country.
The BRC hosts regular retreats and welcomes independent visitors who want to visits its facilities, without promoting one form of Buddhism over others.
The BRC was founded by Louis van Loon, a Dutch-born architect and civil engineer who immigrated to South Africa in 1956.
After establishing himself professionally in Durban, van Loon explored his interest in philosophy, starting with theosophy, a religion established in the late 19th century that draws on Hindu and Buddhist principles.
He became a spokesperson for the fledgling Buddhist community in Durban and lectured on the religion at the University of Durban-Westville.
After a nearly fatal illness while traveling Sri Lanka, Van Loon made a commitment to establish a resort similar to the ones he had visited in Asia.
The foundation stone for the property was placed on what became a stupa, at a location indicated by Lama Anagarika Govinda.
Antony Osler became the BRC's first resident teacher who Van Loon selected for his wide knowledge of the different schools of Buddhism Early retreat activities were very zen-focused though throughout the 1980s the range of topics explored at the BRC expanded to include workshops ranging from Classical Indian Dance, Taoism, and T'ai Chi.
The of the BRC includes a small teaching studio which also functions as a library, a meditation hall, or gompa, and a kitchen dining room area.
Outside, a centerpiece is a 5-meter-tall Buddha statue on the main lawn, designed by Van Loon and hailed as the largest Buddhist statue outside of a Buddhist country.
On the grounds are also a stupa, buddha boma, or outdoor pavilion for meditation, a labyrinth, zen gardens, and a Buddhist shrine.
It was designated a National Heritage Site by Nelson Mandela, due to its conservation of the highly endangered blue swallow through indigenous plants.
The BRC is maintained by a full-time staff of seven people, many of whom come for their positions from outside South Africa.
Van Loon retains ownership of the land, which will be transferred to the Buddhist Trust of South Africa after his death.
Van Loon emphasized the importance of good food at the BRC, as many of the retreats he had visited had such lousy food that it made visitors want to abandon vegetarianism and eat meat.
Van Loon contributes reflections on his travels and studies to the books along with recipes from the visiting chef and pictures of meal preparation from the kitchen.
A cat steals the headpiece of a dog to deceive the bulldog Spike and get a chance to eat the canary Spike is guarding.
Dov Berish Einhorn was born in 1877 in the small town Amstov, Poland where his father, Efraim Tzvi served as the town Rabbi.
In 1888, at age 11, Dov Berish was sent to Olkusz to study the Torah for three years under the tutelage of Rabbi Lublinski.
After mastering and memorizing several tractates of gemara, he was tested by his father and then accepted into his yeshiva in Amstov, where was considered one of the best students.
Dov Beirish then settled in his wife Rachel's hometown of Ger where his father-in-law and his wife's uncle, Rabbi Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, encouraged him to continue his Torah study.
Rabbi Dov Berish then proceeded to marry the widow of Rabbi Yaakov Yosef Rabinowicz who had been the Rabbi of Klobutzk, author of emes l'yakov and son of Rabbi Avraham Yissachar Dov Rabinowicz.
In 1901 Einhorn's father, Efraim Tzvi died and the Jewish community in Amstov appointed him to succeed his father as both Rabbi and Rosh Yeshiva.
Einhorn then received Rabbinical ordination from Rabbi Yitzhak Yehudah Shmelkis, Chief Rabbi of Levov and author of Bais Yitzchok , Divrei Yitzchok and Siach Yitzchok.
Among his notable students was Rabbi Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft, who was Rosh Hashochtim of Poland and later became Chief Rabbi of Hannover and Lower Saxony.
In 1942, during the holiday of Shavuot, Nazi soldiers ordered Einhorn to board a train to the Treblinka extermination camp, he refused; the Nazis shot and killed him.
He graduated from the of the University of Lisbon, and cofounded the CLA law firm alongside Correia Lopes and Mendes de Almeida.
Castro Caldas was elected to the Assembly of the Republic from Viana do Castelo District in 1980 and served until 1983, as a member of the Social Democratic Party.
He died on 4 January 2020, aged 76, after seeking medical treatment for a stroke at the CUF Infante Santo Hospital in Lisbon.
The list of churches in Bjørgvin is a list of the Church of Norway churches in the Diocese of Bjørgvin which includes all of Vestland county in Norway.
Administratively within each deanery, the churches are divided by municipalities each of which has their own church council () and then into parishes () which have their own councils ().
The Laksevåg deanery (created in 1990) in Bergen was dissolved in 2013 and its churches were divided between the Bergen domprosti and the Fana prosti.
The municipalities of Gulen and Solund were transferred to the Nordhordland prosti, which includes the northern municipalities in the old Hordaland county.
In 2017, the diocese created a new deanery called Bergensdalen prosti to help relieve the work in the large deaneries in the city of Bergen.
In 1990, the domprosti was split into four deaneries: Arna og Åsane prosti in the northeast, Fana prosti in the south part of the city, Laksevåg prosti in the west part of the city, and Bergen domprosti in the city centre.
In 2013, the old Ytre Sogn prosti (outer Sogn) was dissolved and the churches in Balestrand and Vik municipalities were transferred to this deanery.
The churches in the municipalities of Gulen and Solund in the old Sogn og Fjordane county were moved into this deanery in 2013 when the old Ytre Sogn prosti in Sogn og Fjordane county was dissolved.
This deanery covers the northern/eastern part of the city of Bergen and the neighboring municipality of Osterøy in the central part the county.
This deanery was created in 2017 when parts of the Bergen domprosti and Fana prosti were split off to create this new deanery.
This deanery covers the southern part of the city of Bergen and the neighboring municipalities of Bjørnafjorden and Austevoll in the west-central part of the county.
In 2014, the old Midhordland prosti was dissolved and split up and the parishes in the municipalities of Os and Austevoll were transferred to Fana.
Ralph Eugene Davison (12 September 1895 – 13 February 1972) was an early United States Naval Aviator who later became one of Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher's Fast Carrier Admirals in the Pacific theatre during World War II.
On 17 November 1942, Davison was promoted to rear admiral, but continued to serve as Assistant Chief of the Bureau into 1943.
Davison went on to command Task Group 38.4 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf in 1944 and Task Group 58.2 during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945.
After leading TG 58.2, Davison was reassigned to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, where he led the Naval Air Advanced Training Command until July 1948.
The Delmar-Lema Historic District, in Memphis, Tennessee, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
The Senators elected to this term were elected on November 5, 2019 (except for those since appointed or elected in special elections) and will serve until the end of the next term in 2022.
All state senators remain the same from the last session, except for Republican Mike Testa in the 1st District, who won a special election on November 5, 2019, which was held after Jeff Van Drew resigned in 2019 to join the United States House of Representatives.
Democratic incumbent Bob Andrzejczak, who was appointed to replace Van Drew, lost the special election to Testa and was replaced by him on December 5, 2019.
It is located southeast of Jackson along U.S. Route 35 at the intersection of Ebb-Tomblin Road and Vega Road, at .
Brown recovered from a dismal season the year before and entered their game against Yale on March 16 with a chance to win their second collegiate championship.
The 1976 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware in the 1976 NCAA Division II football season as an independent.
The Hens lost to in the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division II playoffs and finished the season with a record of 8–3–1.
The 2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election was the process to be carried out in the ordinary session of January 5, in which 160 deputies elect the period 2020-21 parliament's Board of Directors: the president, the first and second vice president, the secretary and the deputy secretary.
The election was disrupted and resulted in two competing claims for the Presidency of the National Assembly: one by Luis Parra, an independent legislator, and one by Juan Guaidó, a legislator from the Popular Will party, and a claimant to the country's disputed presidency.
Parra was formerly a member of Justice First, but was expelled from the party on 20 December 2019 based on corruption allegations, which he denies.
In 2019, nearly 60 countries recognized Guaidó as the Acting President of Venezuela, and these countries potentially face the question of recognizing his successor and their government over Maduro.
As of 8 January, Russia is the only foreign government to have officially recognized Luis Parra investiture, while the European Union, the United States, Canada and most Latin American countries recognized Guaido's re-election.
On 17 December 2019, the National Assembly approved the modification of the Interior and Debate Regulations, specifically section 4, article 13 and articles 43 and 56, so that deputies who are exiled can vote from their country of residence.
The proposal, presented by Democratic Action deputy Dennis Fernández and approved by 93 deputies, includes the admission of information and communication technologies (ICT) to guarantee the quorum and the discussions.
The incumbent president of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, announced he would run for re-election at the parliament headquarters, amid doubts about whether he would get the necessary votes (84).
Guaidó received support in his re-election as president from 27 political parties, including those with parliamentary representation: Encuentro Ciudadano, Voluntad Popular, Acción Democrática, Un Nuevo Tiempo, Primero Justicia, La Causa R and a faction of Copei.
Guaidó said that he had enough votes for his reelection, even without a distance vote from the thirty deputies abroad or in hiding, citing as evidence the fact that the modification of the internal and debate rules had been approved with 93 votes, more than the 84 needed.
They said they would respect the February 2016 governance agreement, which says that the presidency of the National Assembly would correspond to minority parties.
On 1 December, the website Armando.info published an investigation reporting that nine parliamentaries mediated in favor of two businessmen linked with the government.
Venezuelan lawmakers and the United States State Department said that opposition deputies, in parties led or allied with Guaidó, were being offered up to US$1 million to not vote for him.
National Assembly deputies Ismael León and Luis Stefanelli directly accused Parra in December 2019 of attempting to bribe deputies to vote against Guaidó.
According to her, the government resorted to this method after failing to incarcerate or suspend the parliamentary inmunity of the deputies, denouncing a considerable increase of political persecution as 5 January was approaching, explaining that security forces have gone to the houses of many deputies without alternates, and the only one with one, according to Solórzano, did accept the bribe.
On 3 January 2020, Nicmer Evans, a Caracas-based analyst, alleged that Maduro had managed to cause 14 deputies to not cast a vote for Guaidó through these tactics.
Additionally, the deputy Juan Requesens, who has been detained as a political prisoner since August 2018, had visitation rights removed for the day of the election, according to his sister Rafaela.
In the early morning of 5 January, members of the police and intelligence service entered Paseo Las Mercedes, a hotel in which many opposition deputies were staying.
Opposition deputies denounced that the officials were deliberately slowing down the entry, and many lawmakers spoke with the minority leader, , to intercede, who went out several times.
About 35 of the national and international media outlets accredited by the National Assembly to cover the legislative sessions were not allowed entry.
Some diplomatic representatives, including from Germany, the Netherlands and Spain, were denied entry as well, and the delegates from Chile and Mexico were the only ones allowed access.
Figuera pronounced a speech and joked that the appointed group would be transitional, since a new leadership would be appointed in short.
Deputy Nirma Guarulla was blocked from entering and had her parliamentary credential snatched away, and deputies Delsa Solórzano and were assaulted after attempting to enter.
A rumor spread that Gilberto Sojo, alternate deputy of that had precautionary measures, could be arrested, causing Guaidó to decide to stay next to him.
These events led to Guaidó to refuse when the National Guard asked him to enter if the remaining deputies, around twenty, did not enter.
However, the officials never opened the entry access to him or asked for his credential, and on the contrary, reinforced the security in the perimeter.
Briefly before the session started, outside the Legislative Palace, José Brito postulated Luis Parra as an alternative candidate to Guaidó, as well as and José Gregorio Noriega as first and second vicepresidents, respectively.
Francisco Torrealba assured that when Guaidó did not arrive at the scheduled time to open the session, the deputies inside the legislativee chamber applied the Internal and Debate Rules, establishing that the oldest deputy would assume the Assembly Chair to moderate the election of a new leadership.
Luis Parra, who was granted access to the legislative palace before, announced by surprise that he would be appointed as president of the National Assembly.
Pro-government and opposition deputies started stepping up to the tribune and arguing, and deputies José Brito and Marcos Bozo had a scuffle.
A group of men accompanied by pro-government deputies Nosliw Rodríguez and Ileana Medina tried to open the sound control room of the session chamber forcefully, kicking the door, while deputy María Beatriz Martínez tried to prevent it.
United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) deputies gave instructions to Parra, Franklyn Duarte and José Gregorio Noriega, assuring that there was quorum for the appointment and asking him to take the offices of the Assembly's Chair.
Other PSUV deputies handed a megaphone to Parra to let him speaker, and when they managed to enter into the sound control room they let him know that the chamber had sound he could use the microphones.
The quorum was not confirmed, and contrary to Article 8 of the Internal and Debate Rules, the vote for each position did not take place.
Speaking to reporters, Parra said that 140 lawmakers were present at his session, and that he had been elected with 81 votes.
Pedro Carreño, a ruling party deputy, told AFP that there were 150 deputies present and that Parra received 84 votes, the exact majority needed to win.
Stalin González, appointed as incidental secretary, explained that there were two attendance lists: the first one being that of those who could not start the session in the Legislative Federal Palace, 127 deputies, meaning that there was quorum but they were not allowed to enter.
At the session, Guaidó was re-elected president of the National Assembly; there were 111 total votes from deputies, with 100 approving of Guaidó being reappointed president.
State communications service CANTV reportedly blocked access to social media sites Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube on the day of the election.
The 16 July group, which previously said that they would vote based on the February 2016 governance agreement, voted to appoint Guaidó as president of the National Assembly after Parra's proclamation.
The tweet was deleted and Morales later tweeted that the statement was false, but the tweet was archived in Wayback Machine before being deleted along with several responses about an hour after being published.
The COPEI party announced that deputies Franklyn Duarte and Manuel González would be sent to the party's disciplinary council for their involvement in Parra's proclamation.
Parra's session was stopped as opposition lawmakers forced their way in, and Parra was seen running away from the Legislative Palace as the opposition deputies entered.
After electricity was cut in the parliament, Guaidó initiated a new parliamentary session and was sworn in to continue his role as president of the National Assembly.
When leaving the parliament, police forces fired gas canisters.Some journalists and opposition lawmakers denounced being injured and robbed by armed civilian militias.
The sanctioned have their assets in the US frozen and are not allowed to do business with US financial markets nor with US citizens.
The list includes the members of Parra's appointed board of directors and his supporters: Franklyn Duarte, José Gregorio Noriega, Negal Morales, José Brito, Conrado Pérez, Adolfo Superlano and Luis Parra himself.
A report on the tally of votes–usually released the same the day of an election–was not available after Parra's took oath.
On 13 January 2020, Venezuela's Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) ordered Parra's Board of Directors to submit the tally of votes and proof of quorum.
The TSJ gave it five days to provide the report and ruled that provisionally, both Parra and Guaidó, as well as the vice-speaker designates declared by both sides, would enjoy legal immunity The TSJ did not ask for Guaidó's tally.
When asked, Parra's has given several versions on why the report is unavailable, including that the report might have been stolen.
On 16 January, José Brito and Conrado Pérez filed a complaint in the Supreme Tribunal of Justice against the leadership of Justice First, the party they were expelled from.
The deputies asked to be restituted in the party, saying that there was no justification to be expelled from Justice First and their due process, right of defense and presumption of innocence.
The deputies were received by the president of the Constitutional Chamber and the meeting lasted a little more than an hour.
In some cases, they affirmed having been taken by bus, could not say for long they were part of Justice First, did not know that Luis Parra was not present or declared being paid for assisting.
Colectivos, pro-Maduro civilian paramilitary groups, appeared on the scene and attacked the caravan of the lawmakers that tried to reach parliament.
Gunshots were heard and a car carrying lawmakers, transporting Guaido's vicepresident Berrizbeitia, got its windows shattered, but no injuries were reported.
The same day, an opposition deputy, Ismael León, was arrested by Venezuelan special police forces FAES, according to members of Popular Will.
FAES operations usually focus on poor neighborhoods and the squad has been accused by the United Nations of carrying thousands of extrajudicial killings on behalf of Maduro's administration.
It was formed as the Building Owners and Managers’ Association of Australia (BOMA) 1966, incorporated in 1969, and assumed its current name in 1996.
The PCA engages in lobbying on a large scale, with its budgets in 2015 reported as including $6.4 million for advocacy, $1 million for communications, and $7.2 million for networking.
It has campaigned on a broad range of property-related issues, including opposing land tax increases, reducing stamp duty, opposing minimum apartment standards, reforming strata title, opposing increased fees for foreign property purchasers and opposing land-clearing restrictions.
This is a combination of the standard Sunset Drive game drive and Boma Braai (a catered braai in a boma near the camp).
Immediately south of camp on the south side of the river (although a drive away) is the Pioneer Dam Bird Hide, as well as the Shipandani sleep-over Hide.
In addition to the Tindlovu restaurant, shop, laundromat and filling station, Mopani provides a conference centre with space for up to 300 people.
It is located southeast of Jackson at the intersection of C H and D Road, Rempel Road, and Vega Road, at .
Harvard finished the season with an undefeated record, however, because they played just three games against two different opponents they were not eligible for the intercollegiate championship.
The Greenlaw Addition Historic District, in Memphis, Tennessee, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The 1977 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware in the 1977 NCAA Division II football season as an independent.
Most of his books are written in cooperation with his schoolmate, Ronald Schweppe, a musician, meditation teacher, writer and founder of the Munich Chamber Opera.
According to Long and Schweppe's Homepage, their books have been translated in more than 16 languages, among them Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Norwegian, Korean and Chinese.
Place Bou Jeloud (also spelled Boujloud or Bu Jeloud), also known as Place Pacha el-Baghdadi, is a large public square in Fes, Morocco, located west of Bab Bou Jeloud gate.
Today the square is also named after Pasha Si Mohammed Ben Bouchta El Baghdadi, the officer who was placed in charge of Fes during the first 20 years of the French Protectorate between 1912 and his death in 1932.
The square is bordered by Bab Mahrouk and the city walls of Fes el Bali to the west, by the Kasbah en-Nouar to the north (including the Bab Chorfa gate), and by the former Kasbah Bou Jeloud to the south.
The Kasbah Bou Jeloud was a formerly walled compound that was occupied by the authorities and by the governor of Fes even into the 20th century, but which today is a common neighbourhood.
The square likely dates from the Almohad period (early 13th century) when most of the surrounding fortifications were construct by Muhammad al-Nasir.
It was originally used as military parade ground and staging area but was also used as a camping ground for caravans and as a promenade and entertainment ground in the evenings.
The city walls on the western side of the square, adjoining the city's main western gate, Bab Mahrouk, were also lined with small chambers or shelters for the soldiers who kept watch at night, while the northern and eastern parts of the square were also occupied by miscellaneous structures such as warehouses and a marabout's tomb.
Today the square is still used for various events, such as one of the venues for the World Sacred Music Festival.
The northern part of the square, in front of Bab Chorfa gate, is the site of a long-running open-air market selling low-cost goods to local residents.
The exact date that the Mikawa Kokubun-niji was founded is not known, and it is assumed that to have been constructed in 741 together with the neighboring Mikawa Kokubun-ji.
from the style of the roof tiles uncovered, it can be estimated that the temple dates from the Keiun era (767-770 AD).
Currently, the site is maintained as part of the Mikawa Kokubunji Ruins Historic Site Park, and the red-painted middle gate and part of the corridor have been restored as full-scale buildings.
The Speedway Terrace Historic District, in Memphis, Tennessee, is a residential historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
It includes a concentration of modified shotgun houses as well as other house types, decorated with elements of Colonial Revival and other architectural styles.
It includes a group of similar bungalow houses developed from around 1922 on by William Cullen Chandler at 1189 to 1285 Forest Avenue.
Robert Sidney Cocks, commonly known as Sidney, was born in Bathurst on 24 January 1866, the third of eight children born to William Cocks and his wife Margaretta (nee Hare).
Typically, Cocks painted scenes of the NSW south coast and Blue Mountains and regularly exhibited with art societies in Australia and New Zealand.
Four of his works were chosen for inclusion in the 1898 Exhibition of Australian Art in London and in 1916 he held his most successful solo exhibition at the Anthony Hordern and Sons Fine Art Gallery in Sydney.
Towards the end of the school year, Cornell sent an ice hockey team, under the guidance of G. A. Smith, to Philadelphia for a set of three games over four days.
Cornell won each contest to finish the season undefeated, but with the small number of games they were ineligible for the collegiate championship.
Bab Mahrouk (also spelled Bab Mahruq) is historically the main western city gate of Fes el Bali, the old walled city of Fes, Morocco.
The gate dates from 1204 and is located on the northwestern corner of Place Bou Jeloud, near the edge of Kasbah an-Nouar.
The current gate was built in 1204 by the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir (ruled 1199-1213), who rebuilt the city walls and fortifications of Fes generally.
The heads of executed rebels were hung here on display, a practice that continued on occasion even up to the beginning of the 20th century.
On some occasions the condemned were hung by the wrists just above the ground for a full day before their execution.
Today the gate is still standing but several other openings in the wall have been created nearby to allow for the passage of vehicles and regular traffic.
Like many medieval fortified gates, the gate has a bent entrance, entered from the west but turning 90 degrees to the south.
It opens through a large horseshoe or Moorish arch, surrounded by a shallow rectangular frame (similar to Bab Mahrouk on the other side of the city).
West of the gate, outside the city walls, stretches the historic Bab Mahrouk Cemetery, which includes the mausoleum of 12th-century Islamic scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.
Each annual competitive season is divided into opening and closing seasons, which conclude with a playoff tournament between the top four teams.
Plans for the league were first announced in May 2018 by Riot Games, which stated that it would merge Hispanic America's two regional leagues, the Liga Latinoamérica Norte and Copa Latinoamérica Sur, into a single competition.
During the 2019 season, there were no phases in the group stage, and six teams participated in a standard single elimination bracket in the playoff stage.
Princeton played a large number of games for a team at the time, competing against fellow colleges as well as professional clubs and secondary schools.
Best Home Cook (previously Britain's Best Home Cook) is a competitive cooking show produced by KEO Films and distributed internationally by Endemol Shine Group.
It premiered on BBC One in May 2018, presented by Claudia Winkleman, with judges Mary Berry, Chris Bavin, and Dan Doherty.
The Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture (also known as the McGill University School of Architecture), is among the oldest and most prestigious architecture schools in North America offering accredited professional and post-professional programs from undergraduate through to Ph.D. levels.
Since its founding in 1896, the School has established an international reputation and a record of producing leading professionals and researchers who have helped shape the field of architecture, including Moshe Safdie, Arthur Erickson, Raymond Moriyama and Blanche van Ginkel, among others.
The School of Architecture is a constituent of the Faculty of Engineering at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec and is housed in the Macdonald-Harrington Building, designed by Sir Andrew Taylor on the McGill University downtown campus.
The School also operates many important auxiliary facilities, including workshops, laser cutting and 3D-printing facilities, research labs as well as various libraries and collections on McGill's campus.
On September 26, 2017, the School was renamed the Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture following a $12 million gift from architect and McGill graduate Peter Fu.
McGill's School of Architecture, founded in 1896, is one of the oldest architecture schools in North America and the second to be established in Canada.
In 1890, the Province of Quebec Association of Architects adopted a constitution requiring compulsory examination for people in Quebec who wished to become professional architects.
This created a need for more systematic architectural education and the absence of such opportunities caused many aspiring architects in Canada to study architecture at universities in the United States, where ten architecture schools had already been established.
Canada did not yet have any formal architectural education, and the only forms of architectural education in Montreal were periodical lectures by local practising architects at McGill’s affiliated religious colleges.
This new need for architectural education is an important factor that led to the founding of the School of Architecture at McGill.
In 1896, Sir William C. Macdonald created a Chair in Architecture at McGill University to be led by Stewart Henbest Capper.
Professor Capper gave all lectures in architecture, and Henry F. Armstrong, the only other full-time professor, taught art classes and modelling.
The second director of the School, Percy Nobbs, arrived at McGill in 1903 to only two students, Gordon H. Blackader and H.E.
Three new staff were hired in 1906, and three years later, Philip J. Turner joined the faculty and would eventually become the director.
At this time, the principal of McGill, Lewis Williams Douglas, considered phasing out architectural education at the university due to low enrollment, however he faced a great deal of backlash from Turner and several famous architects from Montreal, and eventually abandoned the idea.
Under Turner’s tenure, the door to co-ed education was opened, and in 1943 Catherine Mary Wisnicki became the School's first female graduate.
After the War, the School of Architecture increased its staff and doubled its physical accommodation due to the surge in university enrollment.
This required the School to briefly use McGill’s Dawson College, a satellite campus in St. Jean, Quebec to accommodate its students.
By 1947, the School had become so cramped that a former Victorian residential building on University Street was vacated to make room for the School’s students.
Around this time, Professor Frederic Lasserre of McGill’s School of Architecture left the university to establish a new School of Architecture at the University of British Columbia and invited McGill Architecture graduates Catherine Mary Wisnicki, Peter Oberlander and Arthur Erickson to teach at his new school.
In 1946, Harold Spence-Sales was appointed Associate Professor of Design and with John Bland established the first post-graduate architecture and planning program in Canada.
When John Bland joined the School in 1941, there were only 23 students enrolled, but by the 1949/1950 academic year there were 133 full-time students.
Beginning in this academic year, the professional program was extended to six years, with first year students taking the same courses as Engineering students.
During the early 1950s, three new teachers were added to the faculty, including Hazen Sise and Guy Desbarats who would later go on to found Arcop together alongside Fred Lebensold, Ray Affleck, and Dimitri Dimakopoulos, all graduates and/or teachers at the School of Architecture at some point.
Growth was limited by lack of physical space, but during the following decade with the addition of four stories to the McConnell Building, the School saw growth in enrollment again.
In 1961, McGill Professor Douglas Shadbolt left the School to found the first architecture program at the Novia Scotia Technical College (later known as Technical University of Nova Scotia (TUNS)) in Halifax and 8 years later went on to found the School of Architecture at Carleton University in Ottawa, today the Azrieli School of Architecture & Urbanism.
In the late 1960s, the six year architecture program became a four year program with the introduction of CEGEPs in Quebec.
In 1941, Professor John Bland became the director and replaced the curriculum, which was based on the Arts & Crafts movement with a Modernist one.
In 1943, Catherine Chard Wisnicki became the School’s first female graduate and later the fourth female member of the Ontario Association of Architects.
The society represents all undergraduate students in the School of Architecture and organizes student activities and affairs and acts as a voice for students in issues at McGill.
The ASA is chaired by the President and run by an Executive Council composed of six Vice-President portfolios: Academic, Internal, External, Administration, Finance and Student Life.
As of 2019, the School of Architecture has established a chapter of the American Institute of Architecture Students, an international, non-profit, student-run organization dedicated to providing progressive programs, information and resources on critical issues to architecture students.
The Macdonald-Harrington building is the home of the Peter Guo-hua School of Architecture, and also contains the School of Urban Planning on the fourth level.
As Architecture students progress through the years, they do so through the design studios as well, with each year's respective studio located on a different level of the Macdonald-Harrington building and the top level being the Masters' studios.
All of the model-making resources students need are located within the architecture building, and apart from materials and printing, which are expected to be purchased, all resources can be used free-of-charge and are exclusive to architecture students.
The workshop is located in the basement and ground floor of the Macdonald-Harrington building, and provides students with all of their model-making needs.
The workshop contains various equipment and power tools for working with wood, plaster, glass, acrylics and metal, and also contains facilities, including a fumehood for sandblasting, spray painting, casting and mould-making.
Workshop facilities include a Laser Cutting Room with three Universal Laser Cutter machines that students can use free-of-charge to cut and engrave acrylic, MDF, wood, styrene and other sheet materials.
Its 3D-printing fleet comprises of Mark One, Zortrax M200, Makerbot Z18, Ultimaker 2+, Form 2 and Ultimaker S5 machines, which allow students to print with 5 types of resin, PLA, carbon fiber, fiberglass, kevlar and nilon.
The Media Centre is located in the Macdonald-Harrington building and is available exclusively to architecture students, faculty and staff at McGill.
The Centre includes a traditional dark room for developing film photographs, a photography studio/light room for students to photograph their work as well as a printing room with multiple large format printers and scanners.
The John Bland Canadian Architecture Collection is one of the McGill Libraries' Special Collections, and is a very important resource for architecture and urban planning students.
Students and professors at these schools are required to document their work and then give them to the Canadian Architecture Collection for safe-keeping.
As such, the Collection currently consists of over 157,240 drawings, 25,000 photographs and 11,780 slides, 190 models, 300 maps and 400 metres of papers of 19th- and 20th-century architects in Canada.
The Architecture Slide Library contains more than 40,000 images, of which nineteenth- and twentieth-century images are the most heavily used in the collection and are stored in Room 310 of the Macdonald-Harrington building.
The models were created between 1940 and 1990 by Orson Wheeler, a sculptor and former professor at McGill's School of Architecture.
The Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art is the University's parent library for the Schools of Architecture and Urban Planning, and is located on the upper floor of the Humanities & Social Sciences Library, one of thirteen branches of the McGill Library.
The library was established through a donation from the family of the late Gordon H. Blackader, one of the first students to study at the School of Architecture whose life was cut short during World War I.
The library was renamed the Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art during the 1940s after the family of sculptor Dinah Lauterman donated in her memory.
The library contains over 79,000 monographs and journal subscriptions, and has a substantial collection of over 3000 rare books from 1511 to 2009 housed in the Rare Books and Special Collections Library at McGill.
Students are also always welcome to visit the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA), which houses the largest architecture library in North America, just a 20-minute walk away from the downtown campus.
The School of Architecture has one of the most selective and competitive sets of program offerings in Canada with one of the lowest overall application/acceptance ratios.
Offers of acceptance into the program are based on a unique review process including an evaluation of a portfolio of works and extracurricular involvement, on top of grades.
For Quebec CEGEP students, admissions to the School of Architecture represent the highest average R score of students accepted into the Faculty of Engineering however in contrast to the high average R score, the lowest score admitted can sometimes be closer to the engineering average due to the importance of the portfolio in the admissions process.
The Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture has close ties to several architecture schools across the world and has formal bilateral exchange agreements on a departmental level with seven schools in particular, including The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, Politecnico di Milano in Milan, Tongji University in Shanghai, École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville, , Université catholique de Louvain in Brussels and TU Wien in Vienna.
Students also have the opportunity to spend an exchange semester abroad at any of McGill University's 160+ partner institutions as long as they offer architecture exchanges, however these are more difficult to coordinate due to the competitive nature of University-wide exchanges.
In addition to the seven schools with whom the School of Architecture has bilateral agreements, architecture students have spent exchange semesters at some of the top architecture schools in the world, including The Bartlett at University College London (UCL), National University of Singapore, University of Leeds, University of Liverpool, University of Sheffield and Australian National University.
Each year, the School of Architecture presents public lectures, exhibitions and symposia showcasing leading architects and important figures in the field.
The Assembly members elected to this term were elected on November 5, 2019 (except for those since appointed or elected in special elections) and will serve until the end of the next term in 2022.
Robert S. Gilchrist (born 1963) is an American diplomat who is the United States Ambassador to Lithuania from 2019 to present.
The Vance-Pontotoc Historic District, in Memphis, Tennessee, was a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Earl Sears (born September 2, 1952) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 11th district from 2006 to 2018.
On November 8, 1994, Meyer won the election and became a Republican member of the Idaho House of Representatives for District 2 seat B. Meyer defeated Wally Wright with 62.2% of the votes.
On November 5, 1996, as an incumbent, Meyer won the election and continued serving District 2 seat B. Meyer defeated Marc McGregor with 61.8% of the votes.
On November 5, 2002, Meyer won the election and became a Republican member of the Idaho House of Representatives from District 3 seat B. Meyer defeated Phil Harts with 68.3% of the votes.
On November 2, 2004, as an incumbent, Meyer lost the election for District 3 seat B. Meyer was defeated by Phil Hart with 91.0% of the votes.
The Royal Canadian Air Force Pipes and Drums (RCAFPD) is a military pipe band unit composed of current members of the Royal Canadian Air Force.
The unit was formally established in October 1949 and is the longest continuous serving Air Force Pipe Band in the Canadian Forces.
The band usually performs for RCAF change of command ceremonies, military funerals, and other major occasions in the National Capital Region.
It has participated in all RCAF Presentation of Colours ceremonies, whether it be official such as the ceremony in 2017 in Toronto, as well as a symbolic presentation of the old RCAF colours at Air Canada Centre to the Toronto Maple Leafs.
During the latter, the two pipers from the band took part in the ceremony while the band was in full composition during the former.
The band took part in a 75th anniversary ceremony on Parliament Hill in recognition of the Battle of Britain in September 2015.
The Pipe Band wear a modified highland dress that features Scottish uniforms augmented with a kilt patterned in the RCAF Tartan.
It was approved by the Air Council and was subsequently sent to the Lord Lyon King of Arms on 13 July 1942 to request it become the official RCAF tartan.
In response to persecution by the KGB, in 1973 Boot fled the Soviet Union and settled in the United States, where he worked in advertising, later pursuing this career in the United Kingdom.
He soon began to write books about culture, his principal theme being that the West he had fled Russia to find was disappearing before his eyes.
Andy Hooper, Jon Schwalb, and chef Jamie Tran opened the Black Sheep after DB Brassiere, where Tran served as executive chef, closed at the Venetian, freeing up Tran.
They decided to open up a restaurant in a strip mall on the southwest side of Las Vegas, in an area where few casual fine dining restaurants existed and where Schwalb and Hoover live.
The walls are painted different levels of gray and a large panoramic photograph of a sheep farm is placed on one wall.
The idea to make Black Sheep a Vietnamese-American restaurant was inspired by the family meals Chan would prepare when working at DB Brasserie, which were often Vietnamese-inspired.
Appetizers at Black Sheep include an imperial roll stuffed with pork, shrimp, pickled heirloom carrots, daikon radish, and frisee and a bao with pork sausage, fried quail egg, fried shallots, herbs and aioli made of jalapeño.
In the past, cocktails have included The Pink Sheep, in which proceeds benefitted the American Cancer Society and a martini made with Thai basil.
The signature house cocktail is The Black Sheep, comprising coffee, Jim Beam, creme de cacao, vanilla creme syrup, and Uinta Baby Black Lager with Fernet-Branca infused whipped cream.
Domaine de Rouville DGC is a private 18-hole (formerly 12-hole) disc golf course located at the Domaine de Rouville golf course, in Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec.
Designed in 2013 by Mark Doucette, Gabriel Rondeau, and Paul Belyea on the grounds of an unused 9-hole golf club, it is widely regarded as one of the top disc golf courses in Quebec.
The course has hosted several PDGA-sanctioned events, including the 2019 Championnat Oasis and the 2018 Championnat Provincial de Disc Golf du Québec (CPDGQ), part of the 2018 Tournée Pro-Am Disc Golf series.
A longer 18-hole layout, sometimes known as CPDGQ course, is set up temporarily on the grounds of the Domaine de Rouville for the Championnat Provincial de Disc Golf du Québec.
The producer, K. Tripura Sundhari, called Vijay Natha on producing a film and the former recalls how coincidentally his son, Viswanath Balaji, was chosen to portray the lead role.
Gayles was a member of Ike Turner's King's of Rhythm in the 1950s with whom he recorded for Flair Records and Federal Records as the lead vocalist.
In 1986 and 1987, Gayles toured Europe with several original members of the Kings of Rhythm, including Clayton Love, Erskine Oglesby, Stacy Johnson, Oliver Sain, and former Ikette Robbie Montgomery as part of the St. Louis Kings of Rhythm.
After being hospitalized for three months at St. Louis Regional Medical Center, Gayles died from inoperable cancer at the age of 61 on April 8, 1993.
The circus performed in the neighborhood of Northside, Cincinnati (formerly Cumminsville, Ohio) starting with a parade from the railroad crossing at Blue Rock and Hamilton to Luckey's Field in South Cumminsville.
In 1929, John Ringling bought the American Circus Corporation, which consisted of the Sells-Floto Circus, the Hagenbeck-Wallace Circus, the John Robinson Circus, the Sparks Circus, Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, and the Al G. Barnes Circus.
The Grand Spanish Temple also Cahal Grande synagogue, also Marele templu sefard Cahal Grande/Templul Mare Spaniol was located on 12 Negru Vodă Street, in Văcărești, Bucharest, Romania.
Hood was appointed by President Warren G. Harding to the position of United States Ambassador to Liberia on October 26, 1921.
He first rose to prominence while playing for Immortals in 2017, qualifying for the World Championship in his debut year in the LCS.
On December 9, 2016 he joined Immortals and in the following year debuted in the LCS as the team's bot laner.
Following a seventh-place finish in the spring split, Immortals finished second in the summer regular season and advanced all the way to the summer finals, where they were defeated by TSM.
Nonetheless, Immortals qualified for the 2017 World Championship by having the most championship points at the end of the summer split.
At the 2017 World Championship, Immortals were placed in Group B of the main event group stage, along with Europe's Fnatic, South Korea's Longzhu Gaming and Vietnam's GIGABYTE Marines.
A crucial misplay by Cody Sun in a game versus Fnatic led to his team's loss and the start of Fnatic's comeback in the group stage, as in the following match Fnatic defeated the GIGABYTE Marines to force a three-way tie in Group B.
After failing to secure a spot in the newly franchised LCS, Immortals disbanded on November 20, 2017, and Cody Sun's contract was briefly held by Team Liquid before he joined 100 Thieves for the 2018 spring split.
100 Thieves finished the 2018 spring regular season in first place after five straight wins and a tiebreaker victory over Echo Fox, giving them a bye into the semifinals, where they defeated Clutch Gaming in a close series.
100 Thieves finished third in the summer regular season and won their quarterfinal series against FlyQuest playing exclusively with Cody Sun as their bot laner, but in the semifinals he was suddenly swapped out for Rikara, despite Rikara having never played in the LCS.
Nonetheless, Cody Sun's team once again qualified for the World Championship by having the most championship points; however he did not play a single game at the World Championship, as 100 Thieves opted to use only Rikara.
Prior to the start of the 2019 summer split, Clutch Gaming announced that it was signing Cody Sun, replacing Piglet as the team's starting bot laner.
Cody Sun's prowess in the bot lane was integral to Clutch Gaming's improved performance, which secured them a fifth place finish in the regular season and a spot in playoffs.
Clutch Gaming was then reverse swept by CLG in the third-place decider match, forcing them to begin in the first round of the regional qualifier for the 2019 World Championship.
After defeating FlyQuest, CLG and TSM in the first, second and third rounds respectively, Clutch Gaming secured a spot in the 2019 World Championship as the LCS' third seed.
Clutch Gaming began in the play-in stage of the 2019 World Championship, where they were placed in Group A with the CIS' Unicorns of Love and Australia's Mammoth.
After losing to the Unicorns of Love and defeating Mammoth in both round robins, Group A was locked in a three-way tie, but Clutch Gaming avoided the first tiebreaker match due to them having the shortest total game time (63:37) among their victories.
In the second round of play-in stage, Clutch Gaming was pitted against Turkey's Royal Youth, who they promptly swept to secure a spot in the main event.
Clutch Gaming finished last in their group and were eliminated without picking up a single win in the double round robin.
He was a two-time all-state selection at running back for Animas High School in New Mexico before becoming a three-year starter at running back for the Eastern New Mexico Greyhounds.
Moon Valley made the state playoffs in the final three years, and in 2004, they finished with a 14–0 record as state champions.
In early 2005 Ragle and offensive coordinator Dave Huffine departed Moon Valley to join Ron Estabrook's staff at powerhouse Chaparral High School in Scottsdale, Arizona.
After a stop as a graduate assistant for Arizona State in 2006 under Dirk Koetter, Ragle returned to the high school ranks as the head coach at Chaparral, following Estabrook's retirement.
In five seasons, from 2007 to 2011, Ragle led his team to a 63–7 overall record, and won state championships in his final three seasons.
He was promoted to special teams coordinator and tight ends coach in December of 2012, a position he held through the 2016 season.
Prior to the 2017 season, Ragle was hired by Justin Wilcox as the special teams coordinator and tight ends coach at California.
Jersey Shore University Medical Center (JSUMC) is a 646-bed non-profit, research and academic medical center located in Neptune Township, New Jersey, providing tertiary and healthcare needs for coastal New Jersey and the Central Jersey area.
JSUMC is affiliated with the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of Rutgers University and Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University.
Attached to the medical center is the K. Hovnanian Children's Hospital that treats infants, children, adolescents, and young adults up to the age of 21.
In 2003, It was renamed from Jersey Shore Medical Center to Jersey Shore University Medical Center to reflect its heightened commitment to teaching.
In 2009 the hospital was greatly expanded to include a new 5 story tower filled with patient care units including a brand new emergency department with 10 pediatric emergency beds, new cardiology units, and new pediatric units.
In 2019 the hospital once again expanded by building 300,000 square feet $265 million 10 story tower named the HOPE Tower (Healing Outpatient Experience).
The hospital is listed as a major teaching and tertiary care hospital and has a staff of 127 interns and residents.
In 2020, Jersey City University Medical Center was ranked fifth of New Jersey hospitals and second in the Central Jersey area hospitals by US News and World Report.
He was born in Sydney on 31 March 1873, the seventh of eight children born to Robert David Fitzgerald and his wife Emily (nee Hunt).
He commonly painted scenes of the New South Wales south coast and Blue Mountains, and regularly exhibited with art societies in Australia and New Zealand commencing with the Fourteenth Annual Exhibition of the Art Society of NSW in 1894.
He is represented in the collections of the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
He surpassed Wartan Ghazarian's record of 19, with a goal against Laos in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 12 November 2015.
Antar has scored one hat-trick for his national team, scoring three against Yemen in a 4–2 win at the 2002 Arab Nations Cup.
Antar has scored more than half of his goals at home, with four at the Beirut Municipal Stadium, three at the Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium, two at the Saida International Stadium, and two at the Tripoli Municipal Stadium.
The majority of Antar's goals have come in qualification matches, with 12 goals having been scored in FIFA World Cup qualifiers, and one in AFC Asian Cup qualifiers.
He has also scored three goals in friendlies, three goals at the Arab Nations Cup and one goal at the WAFF Championship.
The family was granted the right to bare a coat of arms in 1530 and was elevated to the rank of baron in 1705, becoming von Tschugguel zu Tramin.
In 1530 the mayor of Tramin an der Weinstraße, Leonhard von Tschugguel, was awarded a coat of arms by Archduke Ferdinand.
On 23 May 1705 Leonhard Ritter von Tschugguel Edler von Tschuegg von Pichelheimb, Graunburg und Mayenfeldt was elevated from knightly rank to baronial rank in the Austrian nobility.
Tupeia is a monotypic genus of semi-parasitic shrubs (mistletoes) which occurs in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Mary Stoddard (c.1852 – 10 June 1901), was a Scottish-born artist who spent twenty years in Australia and was known for her still life paintings, miniatures and full-size portraits, including two of Sir Henry Parkes.
Moving to Sydney, Australia in about 1880, Stoddard joined the Art Society of New South Wales and began to enter her artworks in the annual exhibitions they organised.
In 1881 she won John Sands' competition for designing a Christmas card and that design and other artworks were displayed at the 1883 exhibition.
Her work is included in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, State Library of New South Wales and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
Legislative Assembly elections will be held in Punjab in India in February or March 2022 to elect 117 members of Punjab Legislative Assembly.
Her parents were publisher Hugh Price and children’s writer Beverley Randell, and she grew up in a family in which books were important.
She recalls spending all her pocket money on new books, and cataloguing her book collection (some of them books gifted to her by her grandmother) as a teenager.
Her special interest in books relating to war and anti-war themes is reflected in one of her roles which is to select books for the youth section of the Kippenberger Library at the Queen Elizabeth II Army Museum in Waiouru.
It was bought by Price and her parents in 1994 and gifted to the Trust in 2001, to be used as a writers' residency.
The Susan Price Collection, which now contains over 20,000 books, is currently housed in her own home under her curatorship but is open for researchers and visitors by appointment.
It focuses on her selection of the best children’s books published in the English language from 1930 to today, including the work of over 70 New Zealand authors, and it is particularly strong in areas of historical fiction, non-fiction history books and books by publishers such as Puffin, Oxford, Ladybird, Dell Yearling and Hamish Hamilton.
In 2019, she donated Chevening, a restored block of four apartments at 90 Salamanca Rd near Victoria University of Wellington, to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga.
It was designed by architect Llewellyn Williams, who designed several other significant buildings in Wellington including the Embassy Theatre, Kelvin Chambers and the Inverleith apartments in Oriental Bay.
The restoration and the work of the team involved were recognised with several architectural awards including the Athfield Cup presented by the Wellington Branch of the New Zealand Institute of Architects in 2012, the New Zealand Architecture Award, Wellington Architecture Award, Heritage Category in 2012, the NZ Society for Earthquake Engineering Earthquake Strengthening Awards 2013 (Heritage Award) and Wellington Civic Trust Awards 2013: the Grant Tilly Memorial Award.
This gift was also recognised when she was the recipient of one of the 2019 Wellington City Council Absolutely Positively Wellington (APW) awards.
She established the Susan Price Scholarship, which is awarded biannually to a Masters or PhD student at Victoria University of Wellington for research that will make use of the Susan Price Collection.
Over several decades, she has also gifted many books to more than 70 children of family and friends around New Zealand, sending out around 600 books a year on birthdays and special days such as Armistice Day.
Price was made an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit (ONZM) in the New Year Honours 2020 for services to literature and philanthropy.
The 2019–20 Chittagong Abahani season is the club's 40th season since its establishment in 1980 and their 10th season in the Bangladesh Premier League.
Players including Bangladesh National Football Team captain Jamal Bhuyan, 2010 FIFA World Cup Quarterfinalist Prince Tagoe, Luka Rotkovic, Petar Planić were signed for the tournament.
Brazilian footballer Nixon Guylherme & Uzbek defender Shukurali Pulatov were signed to fill up foreign quota while Bangladesh international Nasirul Islam Nasir, Monjurur Rahman Manik, Rakib Hossain, Mohammad Rocky etc.
Abahani played first match of the season against Brother Union in 22 December & won it by 2-0 with goals scored by Nixon & Matthew.
Three days later, Abahani suffered a 2-0 defeat against Dhaka Mohammedan in quarter-final & were knocked out from 2019 Federation Cup.
The club started the new year with good news as two players from the team, Manik Hossain Mollah, Monjurur Rahman Manik & Rakib Hossain, called up in 23-men squad of Bangladesh National Team for 2020 Bangabandhu Cup.
The 1968 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State College during the 1968 NAIA football season, the first season of Bronco football at the four-year level.
It was the first of two seasons Boise played as an NAIA independent after departing the NJCAA and the Intermountain Collegiate Athletic Conference.
Led by first-year head coach Tony Knap, who succeeded legendary Bronco head coach Lyle Smith, the Broncos finished with an record.
After starting the season 1–2, the Broncos finished strong with seven straight victories, including wins over Evergreen Conference champions Central Washington and in-state rivals Idaho State and the College of Idaho.
It is located between Jackson and Oak Hill at the intersection of Ohio State Route 93 and Clay Banner Road/Pyro Road.
While use of noble titles and nobiliary particles in the surname are illegal in Austria since the nobility was abolished in 1919, the use of nobiliary particles in stage names and pen names is permitted.
Although Kraft always wrote under her maiden name; her married name came from her husband, Charles Shipman Payson, from whom she inherited $70 million dollars upon his death.
Ghazarian has scored four braces for his national team, scoring twice against Kuwait, Oman and Georgia in 1996, and against Pakistan in 2001.
Ghazarian has scored more than half of his goals at home, with 13 of his 19 goals having been scored in Lebanon.
The majority of Ghazarian's goals have come in friendly matches (12), while the remainder have been scored in World Cup qualifiers (4) and Asian Cup qualifiers (3).
The Lordship of Combourg, after 1575 the County of Combourg, was a barony centred on Combourg in the east of the Duchy of Brittany in France during the Middle Ages and the early modern period.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they will be automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
Minye Kyawhtin (, ; also known as Min-nge Kyawhtin (မင်းငယ် ကျော်ထင်), ; 1408–1459) was a pretender to the Ava throne from 1426 to 1459.
The eldest son of Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa, Minye Kyawhtin raised a long-running rebellion against King Mohnyin Thado (r. 1426–1439) and his successors, kings Minye Kyawswa I (r. 1439–1442) and Narapati I of Ava (r. 1442–1468).
He did hold on to Pinle, a well-fortified outpost at the edge of the Ava (Inwa) capital region, until the mid-1440s.
He was finally driven out in 1445, a year after Onbaung sided with Ava during the Chinese invasions of present-day northern Myanmar.
Born early 1408, Minye Kyawhtin was the eldest child of Princess Saw Min Hla and Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava.
He and his three younger siblings—Min Hla Htut, Minye Aung Naing and Saw Min Phyu—grew up in the royal capital of Ava (Inwa).
The young prince witnessed his father's bones being exhumed, and dropped in a solemn ceremony at the river mouth near Twante.
That year, Ava was rocked by twin assassinations of kings Thihathu (r. 1421–1425) and his successor Min Hla (r. 1425), three months apart.
The assassinations were engineered by Queen Shin Bo-Me and Prince Min Nyo of Kale (r. 1425–1426), who seized the throne in November 1425.
Kyawhtin and his uncle Prince Tarabya Minye Kyawhtin of Pakhan submitted to Nyo, who was the only son of King Tarabya of Ava (r. 1400) and a senior general in the military.
King Thado (r. 1426–1439), who began his career as a page for Prince Min Swe (later King Minkhaung), had a soft side for the only living son and the eldest grandson of his deceased lord.
Instead of executing the royals with the strongest claim to the throne, the new king sent Tarabya to live in an estate near the Shwezigon Pagoda in Pagan (Bagan), and Kyawhtin to Thissein (modern Shwebo District).
Thado had not diverted his troops to the Toungoo front, and a 15,000-strong Ava army promptly drove Kyawhtin back to Onbaung.
More ominously for Thado, the rebel governors of Toungoo and Taungdwin made a pact with King Binnya Ran I of Hanthawaddy Pegu to take over Prome (Pyay).
Kyawhtin decided to strike again in late 1427, but this time only after the main Ava forces had left for the southern front.
Backed by nine battalions from Onbaung, he found little initial resistance, and quickly advanced as far as Tabetswe, just 25km southeast of Ava.
The force, led by Gen. Baya Gamani, eventually pushed Kyawhtin back to Pinle (modern Myittha Township), about 70km southeast of Ava.
Still, with Onbaung's assistance, he was strong just enough to hold on to Pinle at the edge of the capital region until 1445.
Ava had been preoccupied by Pegu's designs on Prome since 1427, and fought a losing war against the southern kingdom in 1430–1431.
Ava turned its attention to the rebel states only in 1433, sending an army (5000 troops, 300 cavalry, 12 elephants) Pinle, Yamethin and Taungdwin.
Frustrated by the failures, the king, a former general, became increasingly withdrawn, and turned to building/renovating pagodas and resetting the Burmese calendar's epochal year to 1436.
After a successful campaign in 1439–1440 that recaptured Kale (Kalay) and Mohnyin, Ava forces (7000 troops, 400 cavalry, 20 elephants) attacked the southern rebel regions in 1440–1441.
The reinvigorated Ava forces captured Taungdwin and Toungoo in succession; Pinle and Yamethin survived only because they were not the main targets of the campaign.
The northernmost Shan state fell in April 1442 as a new king, Narapati I (r. 1442–1468), came to power in Ava.
Buoyed by the success, the new king sent an 8000-strong army to Yamethin and Pinle, the only holdouts in the southeast, in November 1442.
Kyawhtin had planned to make his stand at Yamethin but when he heard about an overwhelming force coming his way, he fled.
Out of a village, apparently in or close to modern Taungoo District, Kyawhtin plotted to take over the region, which was ruled by his second cousin Gov.
In early 1452, with the help of an inside man—Minkhaung's head of the elephant stables— who was loyal to him, Kyawhtin and his hundred followers slipped inside the city, and stormed the governor's residence, killing Minkhaung.
Thilawa of Yamethin, and the couple had a daughter, who was married to Mingyi Swa of Prome, and a son named Minye Teittha, who died in Ava.
It was designed in 2012 by Mark Doucette from the Association Disc Golf Montréal (ADGM), and is set around the Centre d'épuration Rive-Sud (CERS) water treatment plant.
The Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games (BOCCG) is the organisation responsible for overseeing the planning and development of the 2022 Commonwealth Games.It was jointly established by the UK Government's Department for Culture, Media and Sport, the Birmingham City Council and the Commonwealth Games England and was structured as a private company limited by guarantee.
The headquarters of the organising committee are located in One Brindleyplace and has taken up the 73,000 sq ft, five-floor office until December 2022.
Members of the CGF from the host country are required by CGF rules to be on the organising committee board, as well as representatives of the host Commonwealth Games association.
Subordinate to the Serbian Land Forces since 2006, the River Flotilla is tasked with range of missions within the Republic of Serbia that include environmental policing, counter-terrorism, and border security along 406 kilometers of Serbia's international borders and 1565.9 kilometers of Serbia's waterways.
The modern Serbian River Flotilla pulls it origins from Serbian Šajkaši river troops that guarded the Danube and Sava rivers, and especially, the Port of Belgrade, against Ottoman Empire river fleets from the 16th to the 19th century.
The early Serbian Šajkaš fleet achieved its most notable success on 14 July 1456 when an entire Turkish fleet of 200 ships was destroyed under the walls of Belgrade.
Later, under Austrian sponsorship Serbian Šajkaši at the Battle of Petrovaradin in 1526 the Šajkaši, commanded by Serbian despot Pavle Bakić, successfully defeated the Ottoman flotilla in the service of Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria and King of Hungary and Croatia.
The Serbian Šajkaši became an integral component of the Austrian Danube fleet and so much so that following the Austrian conquest of Hungary and present-day Vojvodina, the Šajkaška province in modern-day Serbia was founded.
During the Serbian Revolution against Ottoman Turkish rule, the national movement of the Serbian population on the Lower Danube and Sava included the Šajkaški Battalion.
From 1862, the Principality of Serbia possessed a river fleet of 12 steamboats, 52 cargo ships and 14 pontoon bridges all built at the Royal Serbian Shipyard at Čukarica (Serbian: Радионица лађа Краљевине Србиjе / Radionica lađa Kraljevine Srbije).
As political conflicts between Serbians and Hungarians culminated in a sudden attack on Sremski Karlovci on June 12, 1848, the Šajkaški Battalion played a decisive role in helping Serbia become an independent constitutional monarchy and lay the ground for the creation of modern Serbia.
After the declaration of the war against Turkey in 1876, the Principality of Serbia River Flotilla deployed naval mines on the Danube River.
At the beginning of the First World War, the flotilla fell under the Velika Ada Ciganlija Command, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Milan J. Radojević - the first commander of the Serbian River Flotilla.
The flotilla maintained the connection between the right bank of the Sava River and Velika Ada Ciganlija island occupied by Serbian troops, protected lines of communication between Belgrade and Obrenovac, assisted in the transport of Serbian troops in Srem, mined waterways and performed reconnaissance.
As an allied victor in 1918, Serbia began the reconstruction and reconstitution of its armed forces, in a new Southern Slav state known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (KSCS) and later as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
In April 1919 the armed forces of the new South Slav Kingdom were commanded by the new Minister of the Army and Navy.
Within the Naval Department, the Danube Flotilla was headquartered at Novi Sad and commanded over the headquarters, River Flotilla bases, naval detachments on lakes.
As the victors over the now dissolved and defeated Austro-Hungarian empire, the Kingdom expected to receive a significant number of vessels from the former Austro-Hungarian navy and its Danube Flotilla, now under control by the Allies.
In April 1919, the Kingdom requested that six monitors, one river gunboat and a floating workshop to be handed over to the new South Slav navy.
On April 1920, the Royal Yugoslav Navy took the final transfer of the four monitors, one river gunboat and three tugs.
The Yugoslav River Fleet command gave the Royal Yugoslav River Flotilla the task of resisting an enemy invasion into Yugoslavia via its internal waterways.
Vessels and crews trained in laying river mines and creating obstacles and the new monitors were assigned mine clearing tasks as well as providing support to Yugoslav land units on land.
The River Flotilla had at its disposal 202 Austro-Hungarian M-15 floating mines and 202 Austro-Hungarian P-35 river mines stored at Sremska Kamenica.
In the 1920s, technical re-equipment of the Yugoslav shipyards was carried out and the needs of the Royal Yugoslav river fleet were provided by a new shipyards in Novi Sad and Smederevo, where the Yugoslav monitors were modernized.
The fleet included the monitors' group, a number of auxiliary vessels, a proper naval base and a detachment of ships on Lake Ohrid in Macedonia.
With the German invasion of Yugoslavia in 6 April 1941 the Royal Yugoslav River Flotilla was prepositioned on the Danube and Tisa rivers tasked to close off internal waterways to enemy infiltration and provide support to Royal Yugoslav Army land units .
During the opening days of the invasion, the River Flotilla successfully carried out offensive operations against Axis forces shelling the German airfield at Mohács, Hungary on the 6 April 1941 and again two days later.
Although several bombs that were unable to penetrate the vessel´s 300mm thick deck armour, one bomb hit the monitor's funnel killing the ships captain Commander Aleksandar Berić and killing 53 of the 67 man crew.
The remaining three Yugoslav monitors were scuttled by their crews on 12 April 1941 as German and Hungarian forces occupied their bases and the Yugoslav river systems.
Soon thereafter, the Yugoslav River Flotilla ceased to exist with the occupation of Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany, Hungary, Italy and Bulgaria.
On 11 September 1944, by Order of General staff of Communist-led Yugoslav National Liberation Army (Partisan) in Vojvodina, a Naval Company was formed a part of the Yugoslav 11th Vojvodina NOV brigade in the village of Neštin, Serbia.
It came under Partisan control after the Partisan crew captured it and stripped the vessel of its light arms and 20mm anti-aircraft cannon.
The Naval Company's first commander was Kara Dimitrijević from Ledinci, deputy commander was Dragutin Iskra, political commissary Svetozar Milovanović, and deputy of political commissary Rada Prodanović.
After little more than two months, the company reported to have severely damaged five enemy vessels and to have lightly damaged forty-three other boats.
During the same period, the Partisan Naval Company transported approximately 220,000 Yugoslav Partisans, 2,000 cannons, 3,000 trucks and also other military material across the Danube.
In March 1945, the Naval Company was in the possession of seven patrol boats, nine motor boats and seven assault boats.
On 20 March 1945, the Sava Flotilla was formed with ships and boats based in Sremska Mitrovica and on 14 April 1945, the Danube Flotilla was formed from ships and boats based at Novi Sad.
Between 1944 and 1965, the Yugoslav River Flotilla was organized in detachments of armored river boats, river assault ships, river auxiliary ships and minesweepers within the Yugoslav Navy (JRM).
During the 1960s, for a short period, the flotilla was subordinated to the Yugoslav National Army's 1st Army, but during later reorganization again became part of the Yugoslav Navy.
Upon arriving in the vicinity of the mouth of the Drava River on the Danube, the minesweeper was ambushed by separatist Croatian forces using shoulder launched anti-tank rockets and small arms.
Yugoslav Navy 1st class Warrant Officers, Kristijan Lampret and Stevan Marković were killed, while RML-308 captain Zoran Marković was wounded by a sniper during the engagement.
With breakup of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav People's Army became the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro in 1992.
The mine was opened in 1939 by the Central Deborah Gold Mining Company during a 1930s revival of the gold industry, extending an existing 108ft shaft from many years earlier with new machinery.
It was one of the last mines to open on the Bendigo goldfields and one of the few to stay open during World War II.
It closed in November 1954, having produced 29,865 ounces of gold in its lifetime; the closure of the North Deborah Mine two weeks later marked the last mine in Bendigo to close.
It was reopened in 1986 as a tourist attraction for underground tours, with its shaft being widened to allow for larger lifts.
The Violet Street tram stop of the Bendigo Tramways route connects the mine to Lake Weeroona, the Bendigo Joss House Temple and other local tourist attractions, with the route's western end terminating at the mine.
The exquisite composition of formal garden elements and English-style country park is considered a masterpiece of garden design and the spacious complex of palace and park has always been a popular attraction for local residents and tourists alike.
The Park is divided into the vast country and landscape park sector in the west and the formal garden sector adjacent to the palace.
The western landscape park features the smaller Pagodenburg Lake with the Pagodenburg in the northern part and the larger Badenburg Lake with the Apollo Temple and the Badenburg in the south.
On the garden side of the palace (west) follows the large Garden parterre, which constitutes the central part of the large rectangle surrounded by canals.
The 1662 birth of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria of the Wittelsbach family was the occasion to consider the construction of a palatial residence and garden for the young mother, Electoress Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, in between the villages of Neuhausen and Obermenzing.
The elaborate Baroque palace complex, which would serve as a summer residence and alternative to the seat of government, the Munich Residenz, was only realized a generation later under the adult Maximilian II Emanuel.
Work began in 1664 with the construction of a cube-shaped palace building and the creation of an Italian-style Garden parterre to the west.
In the manner of French models roads were laid out in straight lines and rows of trees and arcades were planted, in order to strictly divide the park.
From 1715 on, Maximilian II Emanuel had the forest outside the palace park transformed into a deer hunting range and enlarged to nearly reach Lake Starnberg.
In 1792 he accomplished the masterful and harmonious combination of the French and English garden style as he had previously at Schwetzingen Palace garden in Baden-Württemberg.
The work on the spacious landscape park based on the English model began in 1804 with the southern part, which was completed in 1807.
He preserved the parterres on the garden side of the palace as well as the Central axis canal and the Great cascade.
He decided to subdivide the park into two distinct landscape areas of varying size, each with its own character and atmoshpere, to which two very differently shaped and designed lakes contributed significantly.
The orderly French Baroque garden, which maintains the idea to enhance nature through the means of art and order flanked by the English landscape park, that highlights the free play of nature.
After the violent appropriation of the monastery church in the Orangery wing, a hunting museum was opened in this part of the palace in October 1938.
The sports ground in the southernmost corner of the park, built before World War II, still represents an ongoing violation of the parks design.
During the 1972 Summer Olympics, equestrian events took place in the palace park: the dressage competitions were held on the Garden parterre.
The park's statues were removed, the equestrian arena and grandstands were erected as temporary facilities while adjacent buildings of the palace were used as stables.
On the one hand the court society could move from one venue to the next with gondolas, and on the other - this provided a convenient transport route for agricultural products and building materials.
The idea was to impress aristocratic guests: A visitor, who was approaching the palace from the east in a horse-drawn carriage, noticed the growing building backdrop.
When driving through the Grand circle his vehicle described a semicircle, so that the extra-wide palace front presented all its grandeur.
These canals break the string of main palace elements and annex buildings and continue under the galleries (built from 1739 to 1747) on the garden side.
The Garden parterre, closely linked to the garden side of the palace, still remains a visible feature of the French garden.
In the course of the redesign of the entire palace park by Sckell, it was simplified, but retained its original size: in 1815, the six-part broderie parterre became a four-part lawn with a flower bordure.
The view of the observer standing on the palace stairways is being lead across the parterre with the fountain to the central water axis.
Today, the parterre is divided into four fields, of which the eastern ones facing the palace are significantly longer than the western ones.
He created this moderate garden, which already had some characteristics of the English garden style for the young Ludwig I in 1799.
These flower gardens were designed between 1810 and 1820 by Friedrich Ludwig Sckell as formal, regular structures which were supposed to contrast with the landscape park.
One of its elements was a parterre of flowers, an arbor, that lead to a garden pavilion to the north, in front of which is a round, now dryed out water basin, to which leads a staircase.
Its current form probably dates back to a 1764 design by François Cuvilliés and might have been built in 1724 when this section of the garden was created.
An Aedicula was added behind the upper basin - most likely in the early 19th century - that featured a copy of Antonio Canova's Venus Italica in the niche.
The barely perceptible height difference of about between the northern and southern plots of the park, allowed the creation of three levels by skillful water management.
The Pagodenburg, which lies on an island formed by a ring-like canal, dominates the design and largely occupies the northern part of the lake and can be reached via two pedestrian bridges.
Two canals branch off from this water basin and flow around the Garden parterre with the flower gardens and the greenhouses in the north and a strip of the Amalienburg sector of the park in the south and then flow to the east towards the palace.
Apart from the small amount of water that drains via the small stream near the Pan sculptures, the canal extension diverts the waters of the lake towards the east.
The small watercraft used a sluice to overcome the difference in height between Lake Badenburg and the central basin on the Garden parterre.
Water appears in the form of the calm surfaces of the two lakes, flows in canals and streams, falls and rushes in the two cascades and rises in the geysers of the two large fountains.
The fountains are still operated by pumping stations that are driven by water wheels and have been in operation since the beginning of the 19th century.
On elector Maximilian I Josephs order in 1802 Joseph Baader redesigned and in 1807 eventually replaced the pump that had been built by Franz Ferdinand Albert Graf von Wahl in 1716.
The fountain was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century due to the simplification of the Garden parterre by Ludwig von Sckell, its remains have since disappeared.
The structure dominates parts of the lake, as it smoothly sits into a visual axis where it can also be seen from the north.
For centuries it was the first large building in Europe that was used solely for the purpose of enjoying a comfortable bath.
Further rooms on the ground floor are: the bathroom to the south-west, the bedroom with adjoining writing cabinet and warderobe to the south-east and a central gambling room with access to the hall.
While two of them show scenes from far-eastern everyday life, the third shows plants, birds and butterflies in pink and green colors.
In the large hall there are two fountains with statuettes of Tritons children riding on water-spouting dolphins, the gold-plated, hollow lead castings are works of Guillielmus de Grof (1722).
It is almost completely occupied by the swimming pool, which has been called luxurious with a lavish area of and a depth of .
The Pagodenburg (pagoda castle) was built as a maison de plaisance under the direction of Joseph Effner from 1716 to 1719, by allegedly using a floor plan of Max Emanuel.
The term Pagodenburg (pagoda castle) has already been used in contemporary reports and refers to the interior fashion of the Chinoiserie.
The niches and the flanks of the side cabinets, as well as the door to the staircase are covered with murals by Johann Anton Gumpp, that show numerous Asian gods.
Around 1770 the original furnishing of the Salettl was replaced by Rococo-style furniture, which with its blue and white framing picks up on the colors of the wall design and can still be seen in the Pagodenburg.
While one wing is reserved for the staircase, the other three house the relaxation room, the Chinese salon and the smaller Chinese cabinet.
The relaxation room is the only room in the Pagodenburg without any elements of Chinese fashion, but is entirely committed to the style of French Régence.
The walls of the Chinese salon are clad in black lacquered wood paneling, which serves as a frame for Chinese scroll paintings with plant and bird motifs.
There are European lacquer panels in the window and door reveals, which are also painted with floral motifs based on the scroll paintings.
Above is a golden figure frieze, which leads the viewer to the ceiling painting which also shows Chinoise motifs in a grotesque style.
The total of 33 scroll paintings that were used for the wall paneling on the upper floor are New Year pictures imported from China, only three of which are European imitations.
The fronts and the cover plates show Urushi paintwork with golden and silver scatter patterns and paintings on a black background.
Margravine Franziska Sibylla Augusta of Baden was so impressed during a visit to Elector Maximilian II Emanuel that she had the plans sent to Rastatt.
It was designed by François Cuvilliés (the Older) and built from 1734 to 1739 as a hunting lodge for pheasant hunting.
Although the Rocaille is the leading form in the ornamentation of early Rococo, floral ornament motifs still predominate in the building.
Originally there was a garden parterre related to the building, which due to the later redesign of the landscape style is no longer recognizable.
In the north are the hunting room and the pheasant room, in the south the rest room and the blue cabinet; the retirade and the dog chamber are accessible from there.
As the rooms were particularly rarely used in the princely environment, the kitchen and hunting room underwent a final comprehensive renovation only at the 800th anniversary of the city of Munich in 1958.
The attic carried decorative vases from 1737, also made according to a design by Zimmermann, which disappeared at an unknown time.
They were recreated in 1992 according to a design by Hans Geiger, four adorn the entrance facade since and twelve are placed in the garden side of the Amalienburg.
A platform with an artistic lattice, which is placed on the building in the middle of the roof, served as a high stand for the pheasant hunt.
Since the castle could be supplied by the kitchen of the palace, the Amalienburg, unlike the other two park castles, did not require a service building.
Although it is considered one of the park castles, the Magdalenenklause, which is somewhat hidden in the northern part of the park, differs significantly from the other castles.
The rectangle is expanded to the northwest and southwest by two apses and two small, round extensions are attached to the corners of the building at the front.
The entrance facade alludes to Italian ruins, the plastering on the outside reveals seemingly bricked-up window openings, which reinforces the impression of the deteriorated condition.
The location, separated from the neighboring castle, was to serve the Elector Max Emanuel as a place of contemplation - a memento mori, the completion of which the Elector not lived long enough to see.
A contrast to these rooms, which are plainly furnished with simple paneling, exhibits the two-part chapel, the walls of which are grottoed with fantastic stucco work, shells and originally colored pebbles.
The design was executed by Johann Bernhard Joch, the stucco figure of the Penitent Magdalene is the work of Giuseppe Volpini, the ceiling frescoes in the chapel room and in the apse were created by Nikolaus Gottfried Stuber.
The temple is one of the landmarks of the lake's surroundings, invites to rest and allows the visitor a panoramic view over the water surface.
As it had become derelict, Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell proposed the construction of a circular stone temple with a cella based on the Vesta temple in Tivoli.
They embodied the idealized idea of country life in early modern times and the longing for the supposed idyll of the world of farmers and shepherds.
Models for the design can be found in the decorative village of the Chantilly park (1774) and in the Hameau de la Reine in the Versailles Palace park (1783).
As the doors and windows are open during the day, the visitor can observe how the height difference of the site is utilized for energy generation.
The machines were designed by Joseph Baader in 1803 and have been supplying the fountain on the Garden parterre ever since.
The greenhouses of the Nymphenburg Park, not to be confused with those of the nearby botanical garden, are adjacent to the three flower gardens in the north.
They are arranged in one line, parallel to the floor plan of the Garden parterre on the inside and the canal rectangle on the outside.
The eastern greenhouse was built in 1807 and rebuilt after a fire by Carl Mühlthaler in 1867 as an iron and glass structure.
The rooms under the roof served as living space for the gardeners, who were ordered to maintain constant temperatures around the clock.
King Maximilian I Joseph has acquired a large number of exotic animals, including a llama, kangaroos, a monkey and various types of birds.
Statues and decorative vases, made of gilded lead and twelve vases, made by Guillielmus de Grof from 1717 to 1722 once dotted the parterre.
They were considered unfashionable by the end of the 18th century and removed, when weathered from exposure, cracked, parts broken off, their iron supports rusted away or fallen from their bases.
The first designs for the modern marble statues were provided by Franz Ignaz Günther, Johann Baptist Hagenauer and Johann Baptist Straub.
There are two types of sculptural decoration on the Garden parterre, twelve large statues on plinths and twelve pedestal decorative vases with figural reliefs, all in the form of a series of Cherubs, matching the mythological theme of the statues.
While the vases are set up on the narrow sides of the four compartments forming the Garden parterre, the statues are placed on their long sides.
Between the upper and lower cascade basins are two reclining figures with urns on both sides of the falling water, that symbolize the Isar and Danube rivers, made by Giuseppe Volpini (1715–1717).
On the way from the Badenburg to the north stands the sculpture of the resting Pan, playing his flute, accompanied by a billy goat.
The seated sculpture was made in 1815 by Peter Simon Lamine, who repeats his own motif from 1774 at the Schwetzingen Palace Park.
The background of the ancient mythical figure is formed by yew trees, which merge into the remaining vegetation of barberries, forest vines, blackberries and ferns.
In the southern garden section of the Amalienburg and the entire landscape park are only paths that in a variety of curves form a greater network with an irregular floor plan.
It conveys a feeling of informal movement in a landscape that represents a separate, self-contained cosmos in order to detach the visitor from the everyday world.
A significant proportion of the paths leads through forest, the edge of which is designed in many places in such a way that it does not always reach the path, which was a typical design principle of Friedrich Ludwig Sckell.
The forested area of the Baroque garden used to be part of an extensive forest that reached into the Starnberg area and of which only remnants are preserved.
This path offers an interesting alternative far from the hustle and bustle of tourism, since this path shows the palace park from its unkept side.
The term ha-ha was introduced to gardening in the early 18th century and its construction method was described by Antoine-Joseph Dézallier d’Argenville.
Inside the Nymphenburg Park are four ha-has, three large and a smaller one, as three are in the southern part of the park.
A special attraction are the long visual aisles, which can be seen from the garden-side palace stairs and invite to calm views and light experiences, shadows and color nuances depending on the time of day and season.
The west-facing central axis leads the eye along the canal to the distant cascade, over which the sunset can be observed on summer evenings, which Friedrich Ludwig Sckell left when he transformed it into a landscape park.
To the right and left of the central axis, two symmetrical visual aisles lead into the park landscape and convey an illusion of infinity.
These three lines of sight, already present in the French garden, were integrated into the landscape park by Sckell, yet also extended beyond the park boundaries via the ha-has.
The South Vista consists of a lawn path towards the west-south-west as it also begins at the basin of the Central canal, but continues to open and leads over the northern tip of the larger Badenburg Lake.
On the west bank of the lake, the visual aisle is led as a narrow lawn band to the park boundary, where it is also extended by a ha-ha.
The original landscape design concept of Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell centered around domestic tree species and the woods of the local oak-hornbeam forest with among oak and hornbeam include ash, sycamore - and Norway maple, winter and summer lindens, as well as occasional pines and spruces.
To create atmosphere or add nuances to particular places, von Sckell planted large, small, slender or wide, fast- or slow-growing tree and shrub species in groups, rows or clusters.
In the northern park sector he planted: linden trees (at the Pagodenburg), that transitioned into a thicket of dense mixed forest to the north.
In the southern sector he planted: also linden trees (near the Badenburg), alder trees (on the Badenburg Lake islands), silver poplars and towering Italian poplars (along the north shore of the Badenburg Lake), robinia trees (at the Temple of Apollo).
Oak trees once stood at the Magdalenenklause and Sckell had the Amalienburg enclaved in a spruce grove, occasional trees of life and Virginian juniper.
The shrub and hedge layer is not very pronounced and largely limited to a few rows alongside some paths and widely scattered individual shrubs.
Adaptive tree species have established riparian forest habitats in ravines, depressions, trenches and canals, where in addition to oak and hornbeam, ash and alder do occur.
Apart from the lawns on the Garden parterre, all of the park meadows are unfertilized and mown only once a year.
The meadow sage, the brown knapweed, burclover, oxlip, daisy, eyebright and germander speedwell are among the flowering plants of the park meadows.
It consists of erect brome and heath false brome with bulbous buttercup, large-flowered selfheal, clustered bellflower and sunflower as character types.
The park's lakes are emptied once a year, which prevents vegetation from forming in the water, and are almost entirely enclosed by artificial banks.
Numerous water birds such as the mute swan, geese and ducks as well as the carp in the lakes benefit from intensive feeding by park visitors.
The Nymphenburg Park with its diverse landscape elements offers, in addition to its cultural inheritance and recreational function, a habitat for many plant and animal species.
Noctule bats and common pipistrelle live in the park, the Daubenton's bat was sporadically detected and the Nathusius's pipistrelle is suspected as a guest.
Among the breeding birds, the Eurasian hobby, the Eurasian sparrowhawk, the common kingfisher, the European pied flycatcher and the wood warbler are particularly noteworthy.
Numerous butterfly species can be found on calcareous grasslands, such as meadow brown, silver-washed fritillary, common brimstone, orange tip and purple emperor.
The Nymphenburg Canal to the east and the line of sight to Blutenburg Castle in the west offer only narrow connections that are highly disturbed in their ecological function.
There are several natural monuments in the park: two groups of six and nine old yew trees near the Amalienburg, as well as outstanding individual trees.
Human intervention such as care of the lawns, artificial plantings and the removal of dead wood in the context of traffic safety obligations are classified under low intensity.
The gardens of the Nymphenburg Palace experienced their greatest changes with the creation of the landscape park by Ludwig von Sckell.
These include Stourhead in England (by Henry Hoare the Younger), Ermenonville in France (by René Louis de Girardin), Wörlitz in Anhalt (by Franz von Anhalt-Dessau), Alameda de Osuna (by Maria Josefa Pimentel) in Spain and Arkadia in Poland (by Helene Radziwiłł).
What they have in common is a new understanding of the relationship between man and nature and social reform approaches based on the equality of all people, as Jean-Jacques Rousseau had propagated in his writings.
The renovation of the existing gardens consumed immense sums of money, which quite likely matched the costs of the creation of actual Baroque gardens.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the construction of a landscape garden was in no way an expression of a utopia or revolutionary idea.
The desire of the monarchy for peace was perhaps nowhere as recognizable as in the harmonious design of the new Nymphenburg landscape.
The Nymphenburger Park reveals this in its iconological program: the large number of antique statues of the gods are dedicated to the monarchy and allude to the divine hierarchical order as the basis of all moral values.
This was the only way to disconnect from Rousseau's ideas and to link the new garden style to traditional elements, as symbolized by the water axis, the Pagodenburg and the Badenburg.
The maintenance of the park requires the integration of the preservation of historical garden art monuments, nature protection, recreational use by the visitors and traffic safety obligations.
It compares the historical documents with the current state and develops cautious measures to bring the park's appearance closer to its origin.
Due to the sensitivity of visitors to tree felling, interventions are carried out step by step and with a long planning horizon of around 30 years.
The 1st Proletarian Corps () was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II.
Until the middle of June 1944, the 1st (Proletarian) Corps operated in Western and Central Bosnia and Lika, where it fought heavy battles with units of the German 15th Mountain, 5th SS Mountain and 69th Corps.
After qualifying for the U.S. Paralympics Women's Wheelchair Basketball Team in 2004, Katz was a member of the team that won the gold medal at the Paralympic Games in Athens.
Over six games on the way to the gold medal, she played 72 minutes and collected 10 points and 17 rebounds.
This is a list of Australian television-related events, debuts, finales, and cancellations that are scheduled to occur in 2020, the 65th year of continuous operation of television in Australia.
The Century City location has a private room with a private entrance, for VIPs, including an optional escorted entrance through the kitchen.
A signature cocktail is the Diamante Negro martini with Maestro Dobel tequila, agave nectar and lime juice served in a glass with a black salt rim.
Rankin earned his Bachelor of Arts from Lincoln University in 1967 and his Juris Doctor from Howard University School of Law in 1970.
President Ronald Reagan nominated Rankin on November 13, 1985, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Nicholas S. Nunzio.
In 2000, and again in 2015, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that he be reinstated for another fifteen year term as judge.
However, much of the area was used as a maneuvering training ground by the Imperial Japanese Army before World War II, and was subsequently developed into housing in the post-war era.
These tombs were built between the 4th and 7th century AD, and consist of various styles, including keyhole-shaped, domed, and scallop-shaped mounds.
Manuel Ugarte Ribeiro (born 11 April 2001) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primera División side Centro Atlético Fénix.
A youth academy graduate of Fénix, Ugarte made his professional debut at the age of fifteen on 4 December 2016 in a 4–1 league win against Danubio.
Parcours de la Frontière is an 18-hole disc golf course located in Parc Régional St-Bernard in Saint-Bernard-de-Lacolle, Quebec, from the United States border.
Most of the composition's movements are either choral movements, in which all singers and instruments participate, or duets for two singers and a more limited instrumental accompaniment.
Pietro Torri likely wrote his Magnificat in the 1690s, when he was in the service of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria.
In that period Torri followed his employer to the Spanish Netherlands (1692) and was later deputized to Hanover (1696), only returning to Bavaria in 1701.
Torri's Magnificat disseminated via manuscript copies: one of such manuscripts, from the Bokemeyer collection, is conserved in the Berlin State Library, another is in the British Library.
The 15 voices can also be defined as singers (8), trumpets (2), strings (4) and basso continuo (1), meaning that the bassoon can be seen as part of the continuo group, together with the organ.
After an orchestral introduction, dominated by tutti chords, the sopranos of both choirs sing the first verse of the canticle in unison, on the tune of sixth Psalm tone setting of the Magnificat, while the trumpets play , with an orchestral accompaniment.
The second movement, setting the third verse of the Magnificat, is a duet for the alto and tenor of the first choir, accompanied by both trumpets and the continuo.
The third movement, setting the next verse of the Magnificat, is another duet: soprano and bass of the first choir sing, accompanied by the continuo.
The fourth movement, taking a central place in the composition, is a stile antico setting of the fifth verse of the canticle, for all four voices of the first choir, and continuo.
The fifth movement, setting the next verse of the Magnificat, is a duet for the alto and tenor of the second choir, accompanied by two violin voices, and continuo.
The seventh movement, setting the ninth verse of the Magnificat, is the last duet, for soprano and bass of the second choir, and continuo.
The eighth movement is again for all forces (), setting the next verse of the Magnificat, and the first half of the Doxology.
Antonio Caldara's , which Bach copied and arranged around the same time (BNB I/C/1 and BWV 1082), carries the name of the original composer in the header of Bach's manuscript.
By 1841 Bach's manuscript was owned by the Royal Library at Berlin (later converted to the Berlin State Library), where it was classified as Mus.ms.
Bach P 195: before that it was owned by, among others, Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel, Bach's student Johann Christian Kittel, and, from 1809, , a collector of music by Bach and other Baroque composers.
Kittel had a copy made of Bach's manuscript, and Poelchau added a flyleaf to it, on which he indicated Bach as its composer.
In 1732, some two decades after he had published Bach's Magnificat (BWV 243.1), however, Poelchau had doubts about Bach's authorship of the Magnificat for double choir and orchestra, writing that it was likely composed by Caldara or Lotti.
The did not retain the Magnificat for eight voices and orchestra in the collected edition it published of Bach's works in the second half of the 19th century.
Before the end of the 20th century also the editors of the New Bach Edition had decided not to include the work in their complete edition of Bach's work.
The next year a facsimile of a manuscript copy of Torri's Magnificat became available on-line at the website of the Berlin State Library, in 2016 followed by a facsimile of Bach's manuscript of the BWV Anh.
Dinesh has collaborated with Recognized Producer, Composer,Singer-songwriter .He is Known for I Am Sorry, November Rain (2014 film) ,Classic (film), Parva & Prasad.
His biggest success to date is November Rain, starring Aaryan Sigdel and Namrata Shrestha from which he received Box Office movies award 2015 Best film director award and CG DCine award 2015 in Best film Director.
Raut’s Classic (2016) also became a big success at the box office and won the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) Film Director Award.
He has written lyrics for his own movies like all songs for November Rain, Kale dai from Parva, Hare Hare from Classic as well as provided the lyrics for many other movies like Bir Bikram, Happy Days and so on.
To the north and northeast rise the Putorana Mountains and to the east the border with the Syverma Plateau is not clearly defined.
Other rivers river flowing from it are: Erachimo, Nimde, Kochumdek, Tutonchana, Degali and Uchami (tributaries of the Lower Tunguska); and Stolbovaya and Kondroma (right tributaries of the Stony Tunguska).
It is entirely covered by somewhat sparse and undersized larch taiga, except on the highest summits where only mountain tundra grows.
Musnad al-Bazzar (), is one of the Hadith book written by Hafiz Abu Bakr Ahmed al-Bazzar (d. 292 AH) in the third century of Islamic History.
Nindu Manishi () is an Indian Telugu language action film directed by S. D. Lal featuring Sobhan Babu, Jayachithra, Kaikala Satyanarayana and Deepa in the lead roles.
Over 10 Years is a special album (unofficially the seventh Korean album) by South Korean rock band, FT Island, released on June 7, 2017, by FNC Entertainment.
On May 21, 2017, FNC Entertainnent announced that FT Island would be releasing an album to commemorate their tenth anniversary on June 7, coinciding with their original debut date.
In 2002, the life expectancy of the reservoir (the duration before it is filled with sediment) was estimated at 25 years.
The catchment of the reservoir is 3.53 km² large, with a perimeter of 11.66 km and a length of 5200 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
Initially known as the Scottish Northern Counties Football Union, on 24 November 1887 a meeting was held in Watson's Restaurant in Aberdeen to elect office bearers.
It is noted that a great many matches were postponed in January and February; and it seems the planned Edinburgh District match was also abandoned.
North of Scotland did manage a match against Merchiston Castle - but it was noted that it was played in a blizzard.
The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 2016 by the Tigray Water Bureau, with the main aim of providing Mekelle with water.
Part of the water is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge, and it allows irrigation by the downstream communities.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
Between September and October 2005, using his salesman job as a ruse, he killed 14 pensioners in Pskov, Chuvashia and most notably the Rostov Oblast, stealing their belongings afterwards.
He committed his first murder in his hometown of Pskov, on September 20th, killing a 93-year-old woman, before moving to Rostov-on-Don.
Denis got a job as a salesman to commit his crimes, chosing lonely elderly people as victims, as their children and grandchildren often lived far away.
He managed to sell a wide variety of electrical household appliances to the pensioners, which, for the most part, were unnecessary.
To the first victim, he sold an electric kettle for 1,500 rubles, and to another man, who was almost 100 years old, he gave an electric massager.
Moreover, it was rather important for him to communicate with them, as they willingly gave the young man money for the unnecessary house appliaces.
They especially agreed to the purchase when they were told by Denis that he would drop by again, in case they needed assistance with the product or couldn't understand the instructions properly.
To confuse law enforcement, he operated in different cities: starting in Pskov, he committed additional murders in Cheboksary, Rostov-on-Don, Morozovsk, Tsimlyansk, Aksay, Bataysk and finally Zimovniki.
After killing an elderly man in Morozovsk, where everyone knew each other, it became clear that a killer was operating in the area, penetrating through the houses of the elderly.
At the end of 2012, it turned out that there were enough fingerprints left, and that they could be used to track down the killer.
They had money, they saved for a rainy day.An employee of the company which Kalinin worked at also recalled one interesting conversation with him:He appeared to be an ordinary person, inconspicuous.
The women's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 27 and 28 August 1989.
The 2nd Assault Corps () was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II.
He began his artistic education in Kyiv; continuing at the Grekov Odessa Art school and completing his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw.
After 1900, he found his stylistic home among the Post-impressionists and began painting en plein aire; notably in the area around Barbizon, where he made the acquaintance of Constantin Kousnetzoff.
He presented some of his paintings to Georges Clemenceau, who was a great admirer, and the bought some of his engravings.
He painted numerous landscapes in Vendée, Brittany, Bormes-les-Mimosas and Collioure, where he established a small art museum, now known as the Musée d'Art Moderne.
Mikhail Ustinovich was born on March 12, 1958, inside a prison colony in Komsomolskoye village, Tyumen Oblast, where his mother was serving a sentence.
In a fight with other juvenile delinquents, he was seriously injured on the head, as a result of which Ustinovich's sight deteriorated significantly.
In total, at the time of his final arrest at 35 years of age, Mikhail had spent a total of 22 years of his life behind bars.
He was released into a completely different country, where the fate of the cities was decided by criminal groups, and he couldn't resist it.
While robbing with his accomplices, Ustinovich did not hide his face; moreover, he and the others did everything possible to be remembered.
The truth was that Ustinovich, while serving his sentence in 1989, had met Volovik and was struck by how similar he looked.
In 1993, Moscow was frightened by the exploits of a man dressed as an officer, who robbed apartments and sometimes killed the owners.
The hat lost by Ustinovich in the Lubyansky shopping center was brought up again, which served as some of the strongest evidence to his guilt.
On August 23, 1996, the Moscow City Court sentenced Ustinovich to an exceptional measure of punishment - the death penalty, which was subsequently replaced with life imprisonment.
When journalists came to interview and ask him a question, that being would he like to be in prison forever, he replied that he preferred the death penalty, because such a life is worse than any death.
The women's 1500 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 27 and 28 August 1989.
Muntañola, who reached a best ranking of 101 in the world, made his grand slam main draw debut at the 1974 Wimbledon Championships, as a lucky loser from qualifying.
He played in three editions of the French Open, including in 1975 when he won through to the second round, where he was beaten by eventual finalist Guillermo Vilas.
In 2017, the City Council of Helsinki decided to refurbish class M100 and class M200 trains in order to extend their lifetime for another 10 years.
The Industrial and Administrative Group is a heritage-listed historic precinct on Murray Road overlooking Flying Fish Cove in the Australian territory of Christmas Island.
1 Tank Farm displaying strafe marks, the Hardware Store, the Down Hill Conveyer from Drumsite to the Dry Storage Bins, and the phosphate loading cantilevers at the wharf.
This area has been the focus of industrial and administrative activity on the Island since its earliest occupation and includes evidence of each phase of settlement on the island.
The site of Clunies-Ross' original plantation settlement has been the subject of intensive redevelopment and no above-ground evidence of it is apparent today.
The one remaining indication of this phase of occupation is an inscription on the rockface, near the Asian Clerk's Quarters, which commemorates the completion of the first road on the island in 1894.
Despite the efficiency of the incline it appears that a second attempt to construct a chute system was undertaken in the 1930s.
A lower level rail loading facilities were constructed for movement of the ore to the shore was constructed in conjunction with the chute, however, it appears this system was not successful and the incline remained the main system for moving the ore from the plateau to the lower terrace.
More recent structures of interest include the storage tanks and Hardware Store with their evidence of Japanese strafing, and the down hill conveyer and phosphate loading cantilevers which form a strong visual focus for the area and are a constant reminder of the long term importance of phosphate mining to Christmas Island.
The former Wireless Operator's Building has recently been sold and is now privately owned; there has been some stabilisation work, though more work is required.
This area has been the focus of industrial and administrative activity on the island since its earliest occupation and includes evidence of each successive phase of settlement and mining on the island.
Some of the oldest structures are located in this area as well as rare evidence of World War ii strafing and the subsequent Japanese occupation.
This area contains a number of individual structures of historical or technical significance including the Clunies Ross era road inscription, the 1903 gaol, the storage shed with overhead rail system and the remains of the Japanese shinto shrine.
The Wireless Operator's House is of architectural significance and illustrates many features of south east Asian colonial architecture including features designed to improve ventilation.
Valhalla is a 2019 Danish dark fantasy adventure film, directed by Fenar Ahmad, and based on the comic book of the same name by Peter Madsen.
The men's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 26 and 28 August 1989.
The war memorial at British Medical Association House, Tavistock Square, Bloomsbury, London, commemorates men and women of the medical professions from the British Empire and Commonwealth who died in the Second World War.
Unveiled in 1954 by Sir John McNee, then President of the BMA, and dedicated by Geoffrey Fisher, the Archbishop of Canterbury, it became a Grade II* listed structure in 1998.
Tavistock Square was first developed in 1806 by James Burton for Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford, as part of the latter's development of his Bedford Estate.
Thomas Cubitt continued the construction of the western half of the square in 1825–26, following – though improving on – Burton's general design for the eastern frontages.
The site of the present BMA House was originally the location of Tavistock House, whose residents had included Charles Dickens and, later, the singer Georgina Weldon.
Tavistock House was demolished in the early 20th century and from 1911, was replaced by the current building designed by Edwin Lutyens as the British headquarters of the Theosophical Society.
The building was commandeered by the War Office during the First World War and by the 1920s, when it was returned to the Theosophists, the Society lacked the funds necessary for completion.
The unfinished building was sold to the BMA in 1923, which at first re-engaged Lutyens, and subsequently employed Cyril Wontner-Smith, to complete it.
The British and Commonwealth medical dead of World War I are commemorated by a wide wrought iron memorial screen with a central pair of gates and two side gates, installed between the east and west courtyards at BMA House.
Over the central gate is the BMA badge, a gilded serpent of Asclepius, and a shield with bearing the words on the west side and on the east side, with a dedication to 574 medical officers killed in the war on a separate plaque nearby.
The World War I memorial was dedicated by Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, on 13 July 1925, the day when the BMA's new building was officially opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
Woodford, who trained at the Nottingham School of Art, the Royal College of Art and the British School at Rome, had established a reputation as a designer of architectural and heraldic sculpture.
Osaze Urhoghide (born 04 July 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Championship club Sheffield Wednesday.
Following his release at the end of the 2018/19 season, he impressed on trial at Championship club Sheffield Wednesday, where he would go on to sign a contract with the club.
He went onto make his first team debut in the FA Cup third round tie against Brighton & Hove Albion, keeping a clean sheet in a 1-0 win.
Alhampton's iron church was erected in 1892 as a chapel of ease to the parish church of St Mary Magdalene at Ditcheat.
C. E. Leir, determined to supply a chapel for Alhampton, in particular to serve those who struggled or were unable to get to the parish church, such as the elderly and sick.
Valery Nikolaevich Skoptsov (born August 1, 1951 - April 12, 2004), known as the Villain of all Trades, was a Russian criminal and serial killer, who was known for committing a variety of crimes around the USSR and then after Russia, ranging from thefts to murders.
He was a talented and gifted child, graduating from a music school in three years, while most of his peers did in seven.
In addition, Valery graduated from his high school with a gold medal, and at the same, while also attending an art school, he participated in numerous poetry competitions, often winning them.
On the other hand, his stepbrother, Sergei Turaev, was the exact opposite: he did not want to study or work, often stole and drank too much.
At one point, the two brothers ransacked a neighboring cottage, for which they were reprimanded, but weren't hindered at all by this.
Skoptsov took the blame, and after a mental examination by the Serbsky Institute, he was declared insane, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
He soon left the medical university, as it was forbidden for somebody to study as a doctor if they were schizophrenic, and so, he enrolled into a cultural enlightenment school.
He stole some from the library's closed fund, only chosing the most valuable: the altar gospel and a number of books on hymns, ancient Russian paintings and icons.
Skoptsov became heavily sought after in the criminal world, due to his impressive printmaking skills - the making of seals and stamps, and, by extension, falsification of documents.
After working hard as a printmaker, he peaked in quality: the documents created by him were visually impossible to distinguish from real ones.
Soon after their release, the two brothers went to work in the Byelorussian SSR, where they made fences for village cemeteries.
On the night of February 24, 1989, in the town of Obol, Vitebsk Region, Skoptsov and Turaev broke into the state farm cash desk: they cracked open the safe with the help of a thermal lance, in which they found 168 rubles and 32 kopecks.
In October 1990, he carjacked a car from a garage cooperative in Veliky Novgorod and, after changing the license plates and forging the documents, sold it.
His places of residence, along with the areas he committed crimes, constantly changed, moving mainly between the Northwestern and Central parts of Russia.
Namely, he had stayed in St. Petersburg and Veliky Novgorod, as well as the Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Bryansk, Oryol and Smolensk oblasts.
At the end of 1993, Skoptsov was driving a stolen car through the Smolensk Oblast, when he was stopped by traffic police.
He offered them a bribe, and he was not arrested for hijacking: he handed the officers expensive products that were in the car, as well as the car itself.
By the time the authorities discovered a warehouse worth of fake documents and an unique musical instrument/firearm hybrid made from an ordinary squeezebox, Valery was very far ahead of them.
In February 1995, he raped an 11-year-old girl in the village of Zhuchki, in Smolensk Oblast, who barely escaped with her life.
After that, Valery moved to the Oryol Oblast, and at the Lesnaya Polyana recreation center, he got himself acquainted with Mikhail Karpukhin, an alcoholic watchman who also had a part time job as an entertainer.
On the night of August 3, 1995, Skoptsov and Karpukhin committed a double murder along the 24th kilometer of the Oryol-Bryansk highway, taking with them a VAZ-2105 Zhigula and dumping the corpses in a nearby pond afterwards.
There, he also set up his car, which functioned as his workshop: in it, he had many machines, pesticides, artisanal devices for making seals, and much more.
At the last moment, they provided some first aid to Valery, telling him that he would now work free of charge, and that his trailer would be converted into a warehouse.
Wanting to exact revenge, Skoptsov lured Manuilov, Pogasyan and their associate Irina Streltsova into the trailer, where he shot them all with a converted sawed-off shotgun, which fired live flare gun ammunition, before he set off to Bryansk, where he believed that Manuilov's wife had a significant amount in dollars.
On June 20, 1996, after having a bottle of vodka with Svetlana Manuilova and her friend, Lyudmila Sinichenko, he killed both, but found no money.
After this, Skoptsov began feeling very ill, barely reaching the swamps on the outskirts of Bryansk before losing consciousness: likely a result from poor quality vodka.
Subsequently, the duo committed another double murder, reminiscent of the one done with Karpukhin, one of the victims being a police officer.
Despite this, while browsing through the files of the MOI, Skoptsov was recognized by the officers via a snapshot, as a wanted criminal who has been on the run for 7 years.
He got a job as a singing and drawing teacher at a local school, gaining high authority among staff and students alike.
Mikhail Karpukhin got 8 years at a corrective labor colony, while Sergei Sharipov died of tuberculosis at the Oryol detention center.
West Ham won the first leg 2–1 away, but were beaten 1–0 at Upton Park, with Geoff Hurst having a late penalty saved by his England international team-mate Gordon Banks three minutes from the end.
The teams then drew 0–0 after extra time in a replay at Hillsborough, and the tie was eventually decided when Stoke won a dramatic second replay 3–2 at Old Trafford, seven weeks after the sides had first met.
The game was memorable for Bobby Moore having a stint in goal after West Ham's goalkeeper Bobby Ferguson went off injured, and saving a penalty from Stoke's Mike Bernard, only for Bernard to score from the rebound.
West Ham's form suffered after the League Cup defeat, and they won just four more League matches before the end of the season.
In the FA Cup, they struggled past non-League Hereford United in a replay, but were then eliminated by relegation-threatened Huddersfield Town in the fifth round.
In January 2018, Flottmann left Sydney FC due to lack of game time and signed with Thai League 2 club Air Force United.
He made his debut on 29 December 2019 against Melbourne City, coming on as a substitute to replace Adam le Fondre in the 88th minute.
In September 2015, Flottmann was called-up to the Australian under-20 squad for the 2016 AFC U-19 Championship qualification, but he did not make an appearance in Australia's 3 matches.
He made 3 appearances in the group stage, playing in the 2–0 victory over Cambodia, the 3–1 victory over Indonesia, and the 1–5 loss to Thailand.
She has won numerous international competitions and performs with top international orchestras and as a sought-after soloist at international festivals, but is also active in chamber music with her own ensemble.
After completing secondary school in 2004, she began her training as a professional clarinetist at the Musikhochschule Lübeck with Sabine Meyer at the age of 17.
After graduating there, she continued her education at the Paris Conservatory for music and dance with Pascal Moraguès in 2009 and from January 2010 at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome with Alessandro Carbonare and then at the Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin with Ralf Forster, solo-clarinetist of Konzerthausorchester Berlin and Wenzel Fuchs and completed a master class in Los Angeles with Yehuda Gilad.
During her education Annelien van Wauwe played in the Junge Belgische Philhamonie, the Jeugd en Musiekorkest Antwerp, the Niederländisches Jugendorchester, the Orchestre de Paris under Christoph Eschenbach and as principal clarinetist in the Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester under Herbert Blomstedt.
Then, in addition to completing her studies in Berlin and Trossingen until 2012, she began her career as a solo clarinetist.
In 2018, she was appointed lecturer for historical and modern clarinet at the Royal Conservatory of Antwerp (part of the Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen).
Van Wauwe has appeared as a soloist in major European concert halls, such as the Tonhalle Zürich, the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles, the Konzerthaus Berlin, the Wiener Konzerthaus, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, and Wigmore Hall in London.
She has performed with orchestras such as the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Munich Chamber Orchestra, the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and the Brussels Philharmonic.
In 2018 she performed on a modern basset clarinet the Clarinet Concerto (Mozart) with the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra under Thomas Dausgaard during a live broadcast on radio and television worldwide BBC Proms at Royal Albert Hall, London.
Van Wauwe has regularly appeared at international festivals including the Lucerne Festival, the Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival, the , the Kissinger Sommer, the and the Festival de Radio France et Montpellier.
She is also active in the field of chamber music and was one of the co-founders of the Brussels chamber music ensemble Carousel in 2018.
A reviewer of the recordings on the Belle époque CD praises the artist for her great sensitivity to her phrasing and emphasizes the first recording of Trojahn's Rhapsody, whose caprice is a high-wire act for the soloist, which Van Wauwe navigates with aplomb.
Another reviewer refers to Van Wauwe's playing as consistently very good with a clear and bright sound and describes her as a formidable clarinetist.
It is contested by the defending champion Ju Wenjun (winning the 2020 match) and her challenger, the winner on the 2021 Candidate tournament.
Gennady Grigorievich Serebrennikov (born April 3, 1958) is a Russian serial killer and former major of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who killed 5 witnesses related to his son's 2003 trial.
In 1981, Serebrennikov entered the Yelabuga Special Secondary Police School of the MVD, from which he graduated with honors in 1983.
Gennady worked for twenty years at the District Department of Internal Affairs in the city of Omsk, after which he retired with the rank of major.
According to the recollections of people who knew him, he was ready to do anything in order to maintain the authority entrusted to him.
Even though his father served with the police, Grigori was allegedly involved in brigandage, but when the search warrant disappeared from the prosecutor's office, he was released.
Once, Gennady and Grigori caught the two drug dealers who sold heroin to Viktor and dragged them to the bathhouse, where they brutally beat and even raped them, filming everything on a camera.
On October 26, 2000, Grigori Serebrennikov, along with three accomplices - the Chikirevs and Sergei Okoneshnikov - burst into the apartment of entrepreneur Marina Matantseva and tied up her underage son, who was at home.
Some time later, at the Khimik gardening partnership, Serebrennikov fought with his drinking buddies, as a result of which one of them died.
His first victim was Sergei Okoneshnikov, whom, after fleeing from Matantseva's apartment, he was deceived into a cottage and killed with a sawed-off shotgun.
During a walk, Grigori shot her, then, together with his father, chopped off her head with a shovel and buried the body in the ground.
As it later turned out, Gennady initialy wanted to entrust the murder of Nikiforova to a certain Denis Latyshev, but he refused, as a result of which the former police major shot him, before finishing him off with a shiv.
In the summer of 2003, Alexander Chikirev was released on parole earlier than supposed to, because he agreed to assist the investigation and testify against the still-wanted Okoneshnikov.
At the time, Grigori Serebrennikov had already been arrested, and Gennady tried to persuade Chikirev not to testify, but to no avail.
As a result, on the night of July 13-14, 2003, Gennady Serebrennikov snuck into the private house where Chikirev and his pregnant fiancée Anna Kiseleva were sleeping in.
He then gave Burim vodka, got him drunk, dragged him on the street and then stabbed him to death with a knife, simulating a robbery-oriented murder.
Two circumstances led to the discovery and capture of Gennady Serebrennikov - the fact that he talked about his crimes to his son Viktor, and that he forced Grigori to kill Nikiforova.
The Omsk Oblast Court sentenced Gennady Serebrennikov to life imprisonment in a corrective labor colony, while his son Grigori received 15 years.
The Supreme Court of Russia upheld the verdict, and currently, Serebrennikov is serving his sentence in the White Swan prison, in Perm Krai.
The men's javelin throw event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 27 and 28 August 1989.
Ascheberg (Westf) station () is a railway station in the municipality of Ascheberg (Westfalen), located in the Coesfeld district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The United States team of John Mahaffey and Andy North won by ten strokes over the Australian team of Wayne Grady and Greg Norman.
Sonia Kleindorfer is a bird ecology expert with a focus on organismal complexity and the impact animals have on evolutionary dynamics in birds and parasites.
She heads Grünau’s Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Station for Behaviour and Cognition and is Scientific Director of the Flinders Research Centre for Climate Adaptation and Animal Behaviour.
Other related roles include: Treasurer of the Royal Society of South Australia (2017-18) after which she was promoted to Vice President.
Kleindorfer has a Bachelors in Biological Basis of Behavior from the University of Pennsylvania a PhD in Zoology from the University of Vienna and a postdoc in Medicine from the University of Washington School of Medicine.
James May: Our Man in Japan is a travel documentary hosted by James May and released via Amazon Prime Video in 2020.
The journey is presented as a linear journey travelling from the north end of Japan, via Sapporo and Tokyo to the south island.
The Bangladesh national beach soccer team represents Bangladesh in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the BFF, the governing body for football in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh won the title of the event of the beach soccer in the 1st South Asian Beach Games beating hosts Sri Lanka at Hambantota on Monday.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Romantic 2 () is a 2020 South Korean television series starring Han Suk-kyu as the title character alongside Ahn Hyo-seop, Lee Sung-kyung and Kim Joo-hun.
He finds Seo Woo-jin (Ahn Hyo-seop), a doctor with a troubled past who is ostracized by his fellow doctors, and offers him the job.
In the meantime, Cha Eun-jae (Lee Sung-kyung) is suspended after making another mistake in the operation room and has no other choice but to follow the two doctors to Doldam Hospital.
Han Suk-kyu, Kim Hong-pa, Jin Kyung, Im Won-hee, Byun Woo-min, Kim Min-jae, Choi Jin-ho, Jang Hyuk-jin and Yoon Na-moo reprised their roles from the first season.
Cullen, the editor, had a penchant for editorialising about Australian federal politics, and commented on the state of the parliamentary politics.
Dilara Hava Tunç (born August 1998), known professionally as Hava, is a German rapper and singer of Bosnian and Turkish descent.
Hava has five siblings: Her brother Adem, her sister Dalia and three other siblings who are nine years old or younger.
The single achieved more than 1 million streams million views and first place on YouTube and Spotify Germany on the first day.
Hava is the fifth German female rapper (after Namika, Juju, Shirin David & Loredana) who achieved it over the last two years.
Ascheberg (Holst) station () is a railway station in the municipality of Ascheberg (Holstein), located in the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kritsada Kongsrichai (Thai: กฤษดา คงศรีชาย; born 1991) is a Thai mixed martial artist who is signed to ONE Championship, competing in their Strawweight division.
Kongsrichai is also a former Greco-Roman wrestler who has won a silver medal and a bronze medal at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games and 2013 Southeast Asian Games respectively.
As a mixed martial artist from Thailand, Kongsrichai has distinguished himself from other Thai fighters with his extensive wrestling background that makes up most of his fighting style.
Prior to turning to MMA, he was trained in both freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling, competing in over 200 combined matches, in addition to participating in the Southeast Asian Games and Asian Games as a Greco-Roman wrestler.
He started out with only freestyle wrestling but later picked up Greco-Roman wrestling as well, where he would compete under both styles.
Kritsada Kongsrichai would go on to represent Thailand in Greco-Roman wrestling at the 2009 SEA Games, competing in the 50kg event.
However, he would only make it to the tournament quarterfinals, losing to Japan's Kohei Hasegawa, and did not win any medals.
Kritsada Kongsrichai returned at the 2013 SEA Games to compete in Greco-Roman wrestling, where he finished in third place to win the bronze medal.
Kongsrichai is a highly accomplished wrestler at the national level, being a 13-time Thailand national wrestling champion and having a combined wrestling record of 180–20.
On August 23, 2014, Kritsada Kongsrichai made his MMA debut at Full Metal Dojo 2: Protect Your Neck, where he lost to Kichong Tran by second-round submission via rear-naked choke.
He would pick up his first professional victory on November 22, 2014 at Full Metal Dojo 3: No Sleep 'Til Bangkok with a first-round submission of Manachai Promsawad via rear-naked choke.
On August 22, 2015, he defeated Detchadin Srosirisuphathin by TKO at Full Metal Dojo 6: For Those About to Rock... to capture the vacant Full Metal Dojo Bantamweight Championship.
Kongsrichai would then defeat Pakorn Isarat by submission via rear-naked choke in the first round at Full Metal Dojo 10: To Live and Die in Bangkok on March 19, 2016.
Kritsada Kongsrichai made his ONE Championship debut on May 27, 2016 at , where he defeated Kev Hemmorlor by first-round TKO.
On March 11, 2017, Kongsrichai faced Adrian Mattheis at , where he won via first-round TKO after dominating with his wrestling-based grappling.
However, after the fight, reviews determined that the suplex was illegal and the result was reversed to a disqualification loss for Kongsrichai.
Like most Thais trying their hand in mixed martial arts, Kritsada Kongsrichai has some considerable experience in Muay Thai, which is considered to be the foundational martial art for many Thai MMA fighters.
He often uses his high-class wrestling to dominate his opponents before implementing strikes, whether while standing or on the ground, in order to go for a KO or TKO.
He oftentimes combines his Muay Thai and wrestling styles in his fights with great effectiveness, taking his opponents down with wrestling-based grappling before attempting to finish them off with ground and pound.
Sergey Alexandrovich Maduev (born Ali Arbievich Maduev on June 17, 1956 - December 10, 2000) was one of the famous Soviet brigands, as well as a serial killer.
Despite beginning his criminal activity in the 1970s, his most high-profile crimes occurred at the very end of the 1980s, which is why Maduev today is regarded as one of the last criminals of the Soviet era.
Maduev achieved notoriety after an unsuccessful attempt to escape from Kresty Prison in March 1991, with the help of a female investigator whom he had seduced.
Ali Arbievich Maduev was born in a Karaganda prison, in the Kazakh SSR, the fourth child of a Chechen man convicted of resisting deportation and a Korean woman convicted of speculation.
Sergey began to steal at the age of six, and in August 1974, he received his first prison term by the Karasay District Court in Almaty Region, whom gave him 6 years for complicity of theft.
After leaving prison in 1980, Maduev engaged in various thefts and robberies, for which he was given another 15 years imprisonment in February 1981.
During his second term, Maduev withstood an attack by 12 criminals, who intended to kill him because he had appropriated an obtshak of some thieves in law from Tbilisi and Tashkent.
In 1988, Maduev was transferred to an open prison, from which he immediately fled and was put on a wanted list.
At first, a wave of impudent thefts and robberies swept across the USSR - Maduev's tracks covered the areas of Siberia, the Moscow Oblast and Grozny.
In another instance, one of Maduev's victims suddenly felt ill, after which Sergey went to a pharmacy in a neighboring house and called an ambulance for the person he had just robbed.
In order to cover their tracks, the two criminals set fire to the house, burning alive the couple's 1-year-old son in the process.
A white Volga was also seen at the crime scene, and when the car was found later on, another bullet, fired from the same pistol, was also located.
After this, Maduev travelled around the country: in the Uzbek SSR, he stole 200,000 rubles from some thieves in law's obtshak, flying under the criminals' radar.
In the same year, Sergey committed a number of robberies in Leningrad, one of which ended with a severe wound to the victim.
After much persuasion, he agreed to be sent to the police station, where, on his orders, the officer burned Maduev's notebook.
Having no doubts that he would be executed, he willingly testified, handed over his accomplices, indicated the crime scenes and signed the protocols without even reading them.
On May 3, 1991, the convoy was supposed to take Maduev to Moscow, where two of his accomplices were already serving sentences - the Murzabekov brothers.
Unexpectedly for the guards, Sergey pulled out a revolver from his bosom, shot at the wall and ordered to be released.
It turned out that it was a revolver stolen from a safe in the prosecutor's office, with which Maduev had committed his murders in Leningrad and Tashkent.
One of the colonels, Vladimir Georgiev, figured out who had provided the weapon: it was Natalya Vorontsova, an investigator from the team assigned to the Maduev case.
Maduev tried to escape on two other occasions: on the first try, he tried to escape using a pistol, which was hidden in some bread.
On July 10, 1995, the St. Petersburg City Court sentenced Sergey Maduev to death for two of the murders, and many of his other crimes.
Initially, Maduev was housed in Kresty Prison and then in Novocherkassk, and in November 2000, he was transferred to the Black Dolphin Prison.
The women's discus throw event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 27 and 28 August 1989.
On 3 July 2018, in two hours, he drew a hyperrealistic portrait of French President Emmanuel Macron, during the president's visit to the Fela Kuti's New Africa Shrine in Lagos, Nigeria.
Benjamin Webb (28 November 1819 – 27 November 1885) was an English clergyman and co-founder of the Cambridge Camden Society; he was known as a leading authority on questions of ecclesiastical art.
Webb was born in London at Addle Hill, Doctor's Commons, on 28 November 1819, eldest son of Benjamin Webb, of the firm of Webb & Sons, wheelwrights.
In 1828 he was admitted to St Paul's School under Dr , and proceeded with an exhibition to Trinity College, Cambridge, in October 1838.
While still an undergraduate he, together with his somewhat older friend, John Mason Neale, founded the Cambridge Camden Society, which played an important part in the ecclesiological revival consequent upon the Tractarian movement, and of which Webb continued to be secretary, both at Cambridge and afterwards in London (where it continued from 1848 under the name of the Ecclesiological Society), from its beginning to its extinction in 1863.
The society restored the Round Church at Cambridge, and Webb had the honour of showing the restored edifice to the poet Wordsworth.
He was ordained deacon in 1842 and priest in 1843, and served as curate first under his college tutor, Thomas Thorp (who had been the first president of the Cambridge Camden Society), at Kemerton in Gloucestershire, and afterwards at Brasted in Kent, under William Hodge Mill, who, as Regius Professor of Hebrew, had countenanced and encouraged his ecclesiological work at Cambridge, and whose daughter he married in 1847.
Beresford Hope was heir to an estate in Sheen in Staffordshire, and he rebuilt St Luke's Church at Sheen; in 1851 he presented Webb to the perpetual curacy of the village.
In that year Lord Palmerston, on the recommendation of Mr Gladstone, gave him the crown living of St Andrew's, Wells Street, London, which he retained till his death.
Under him this church obtained a wide celebrity for the musical excellence of its services, and became the centre of an elaborate and efficient system of confraternities, schools, and parochial institutions, in establishing which his powers of practical organisation found a congenial field of exercise.
He died at his house in Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, on 27 November 1885, and was buried in the churchyard of Aldenham in Hertfordshire.
Son of former Yeovil Town, Hereford United and Exeter City footballer Adam Stansfield, he began his footballing career in the academy of Exeter City.
On 4 January 2020, Stansfield made his debut for Fulham in an FA Cup third round match against Aston Villa, coming on in the 82nd minute for Josh Onomah.
Davies-King made his debut for the Cardiff Blues regional team in 2019 having previously played for the Blues academy and Cardiff RFC.
Following two years in karting, Bovy began her racing career as a Formula Renault Academy driver in Formula Renault 1.6 Belgium.
Former Formula One driver Thierry Boutsen took her under his wing as part of his team, and began an association with the Boutsen-Ginion squad that saw her race in GT, touring car and silhouette racing disciplines before taking a years' break in 2014 due to a lack of funding and undertook a Bachelor of Marketing course.
The next two seasons would see her align with Lamborghini, contesting the 2017 Super Trofeo Europe Championship – finishing 14th in the Pro-Am class – and various endurance races in 2018, finishing second in class at the 2018 24 Hours of Spa.
Despite not contesting all of the rounds in either season she competed in, she finished third and second overall in consecutive seasons.
She retired from the first race having out-braked herself and crashed into Emma Kimiläinen, and found herself on the sidelines for the fourth round having finished 14th and 17th in the intervening races.
A win in a non-championship experimental race at TT Circuit Assen would boost her reputation, but the 14th place from the second round at Zolder proved her best result – finishing the season last in the standings with no points and was dropped from the program for 2020.
Alun Lawrence (born 12 August 1998) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays for Cardiff Blues as a back rower.
The 2020 Tirreno–Adriatico is a road cycling stage race, that will take place between 11 and 17 March 2020 in Italy.
She was an associate professor of social history at the University of Turin, and a member of the Italian Society of Female Historians.
She was associated with the Alexander Langer Foundation, as a member of its Scientific Board of the Institute for the study of the Resistance Movement and of Contemporary Society.
Zane Knowles (born February 17, 1992) is a Bahamian professional basketball player who last played for PAOK of the Greek Basket League.
The trilogy tells about the moral decline of the Hungarian nobility and the loss of (Austria-)Hungary as a nation, in the ten years preceding the outbreak of the First World War.
In this book, Bálint Abády is confronted, among other things, with his impossible love for Adrienne Uzdy (for whom Bánffy's muse Carola Szilvássy stood model) and defends Romanian farmers in the mountain domains that are his family property.
The author, Bánffy, who himself was a member of the House of Representatives, presents his view of things in this way.
He moved up in weight and won an impressive five more National titles at light middleweight (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000).
Bessey is a warrant officer in the British Army and a coach of the British army boxing team and was awarded an MBE in the 1997 New Year Honours, when serving with the Royal Logistic Corps.
Jack Regan (born 9 May 1997) is an Irish rugby union player, currently playing for Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup side Ulster.
Regan made his senior competitive debut for Ulster in their 54–42 defeat against Leinster in the 2018–19 Pro14 on 20 December 2019.
Azur Allison (born 19 April 1999) is an Irish rugby union player, currently playing for Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup side Ulster.
Allison made his senior competitive debut for Ulster in their 54–42 defeat against Leinster in the 2018–19 Pro14 on 20 December 2019.
Stewart Moore (born 8 August 1999) is an Irish rugby union player, who is currently a member of the Ulster academy.
Moore first began playing rugby aged 6 with the minis section of local club Ballymoney, though he dropped the sport to play football instead, before returning to rugby at Dalriada School.
Moore made his senior competitive debut for Ulster in their 54–42 defeat against Leinster in the 2018–19 Pro14 on 20 December 2019.
Moore represented Ireland at under-18 schools and under-19 level, but missed out on the 2019 Six Nations Under 20s Championship, where Ireland won a grand slam, due to a serious concussion.
He returned from injury to earn selection for the 2019 World Rugby Under 20 Championship, scoring a try in the 42–26 win against England U20 and in the 45–17 loss to Australia U20, though a dislocated shoulder sustained during the Australia game required surgery, ruling Moore out of the remainder of the tournament.
The 2020 South American Under-17 Women's Football Championship is the 7th edition of the South American Under-17 Women's Football Championship (), the biennial international youth football championship organised by the CONMEBOL for the women's under-17 national teams of South America.
The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2020 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in India as the CONMEBOL representatives.
Noora Mengal Urdu (نورا مينگل) was a Baloch freedom fighter of Jhalawan (southern) Balochistan, Pakistan who continuously fought against British dominance for nine years.
Chief Sardar of Mengal tribe Shaker Khan and his son Mir Nooruddin Mengal were arrested and imprisoned in Quetta whose offspring Mir Nooruddin Mengal II also remained political figure of Balochistan.
After the arrest of his chief sardars, Noora Mengal together with his companions became against the British government and started gorilla war from 1910.
Felimon Talusan Santos Jr. is a Filipino general who serves as the incumbent Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
A seasoned intelligence officer with a Master's degree in Management, with his commands ranging from Infantry, Scout Rangers, Intelligence and Field Artillery, he started his junior days as a platoon officer, executive officer and company commander at the 39th Infantry Battalion, 10 ID.
He also served as the Chief Military Personnel Officer for Filipino Peacekeepers in the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force in Golan Heights, and led the 11th Intelligence Service Unit based in Davao, and served as the Assistant Chief of Unified Command for Operations, U3 of the AFP Central Command.
He also served as the commander of the 703rd Infantry Brigade of the 7th Infantry Division, Assistant Commander of the 6th Infantry Division, Commander and Group Commander of the Philippine Army Intelligence and Security Group and Commander of the Philippine Army Civil Military Operations Regiment.
During his stint as Commander of the Philippine Army Intelligence and Security Group, he was involved the capture of Benito and Wilma Tiamzon of the Communist Party of the Philippines in 2014.
He became the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, J2 in November 2016 to October 2017, where he was involved the arrest of Abu Sayyaf finance officer Khair Mundos.
He became the commander of the 7th Infantry Division from October 2017 to January 2019, became the commander of the AFP Eastern Mindanao Command from January 2019 to January 2020, before being promoted as the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in January 4, 2020, and obtained his fourth star, as well as promoted to the rank of General on January 27, 2020.
While studying at Oxford, Beart made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1871.
He was promoted to captain in March 1880 and the following year in July he was appointed as a justice of the peace for Huntingdonshire.
By 1886, Beart was serving with the King's Royal Rifle Corps and in April of that year he was promoted to major.
The 2020 Gamba Osaka season was Gamba Osaka's 27th season in the J1 League and 33rd overall in the Japanese top flight.
It will see them compete in the 18 team J1 League as well as the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup competitions.
The music is performed in a blues/rock and hard rock style, with overdriven improvised melodic guitar solos accompanied by electric bass amd drums.
According to Glen Heald's website the guitar influences for the album come from rock guitarists such as Frank Zappa, Robin Trower, Roy Buchanan and Dave Gilmour of Pink Floyd.
Phosphate Hill Historic Area is a heritage-listed historic precinct located 1km east of Poon Saan in the Australian territory of Christmas Island.
The Phospate Hill Historic Area is an approximately 18ha precinct on the eastern slopes of Phosphate Hill, located 1km east of the settlement of Poon Saan.
Oral tradition on the Island has it that labourers (originally Chinese) scraped and brushed the ore into baskets, which were then tipped into wheelbarrows or directly into skip railway hoppers.
There are remnants of this skip railway system on the hill in the form of embankments and a light gauge railway line along which the hoppers were moved.
The ore was taken to the edge of the upper terrace to be transported to the bottom terrace at the Cove.
Oral tradition suggests the phosphate was packed in drums at the upper level and rolled down the hill to the lower terrace.
Remains of an early chute system suggests that this method was soon replaced with a more efficient system in which the loose ore was tipped into a chute at the top and then allowed to run down to the bottom terrace.
Shovelling may have been necessary to maintain the flow at places and it seems the sides of the chute had provision for cable operated scoops that dragged the ore downwards.
Manual mining techniques resulted in a moonscape of limestone pinnacles as all phosphate was removed from around the limestone pinnacles and there was little soil left to support regrowth.
This contrasts with more recently mined areas where machines have left a much more level surface and enough phosphate and soil to allow limited regrowth.
One physical remnant of this early period is the Phosphate Hill cemetery and the marker for the cemetery which is located on the main road.
The Phosphate Hill area is historically significant as the location of the first commercial mining of phosphate on the Island and the first phase of an industry that was to determine the history of the Island and the development of the Christmas Island community.
The current landscape of exposed limestone pinnacles and industrial remains is an uncommon and evocative reminder of the extent and efficiency and methodology of manual mining techniques.
The historic burial ground, which contains many of the early labourers who died of beri beri or dietary deficiencies, is a significant reminder of the hardships endured by the early indentured Asian labourers and a reflection of the multi-racial basis for the current community.
Niall Murray (born 13 October 1999) is an Irish rugby union player, currently playing for Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup side Connacht.
Murray made his senior competitive debut for Connacht in their 27–24 victory against Gloucester in the 2018–19 European Rugby Champions Cup on 14 December 2019.
Seán Masterson (born 27 January 1998) is an Irish rugby union player, currently playing for Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup side Connacht.
Masterson made his senior competitive debut for Connacht in their 41–5 victory against Benetton in the 2018–19 Pro14 on 5 October 2019.
Here, Willis analysed how Liberals, upon the outbreak of the First World War, abandoned their pacifism and supported the war effort with a crusading spirit.
In 1911, Willis met Vernon Lee and became the sole beneficiary and executrix of Lee's will after her death in 1935.
The song was peaked at number top 5 on the KKBOX Taiwan and Hong Kong daily new song and single chart.
The video is set in computerize and a lot of contains interpolation of Michael Jackson album art cover and several art cover and movies.
Datnioides campbelli, the New Guinea tiger perch, New Guinea tigerfish or Campbell's tigerfish, is a species of datnioidid fish that is native to both fresh and brackish waters in rivers, swamps and tidal creeks in southern New Guinea, ranging from Lorentz River in Indonesia to Kikori River in Papua New Guinea.
Leimarel Sidabi, the mother goddess of earth is the supreme goddess, having several incarnations in various divine as well as human births.
Ján Spišiak (12 January 1901 – 14 November 1981) was a Slovak lawyer who specialized in business law, who worked for much of his career as the legal representative of Tatra banka.
From 1 January 1940 to 1 October 1944, he was the Slovak ambassador to Hungary, for which he received no remuneration.
In November 1939 at a meeting in Budapest, he told the United States ambassador that Slovakia enjoyed considerable independence under German protection.
Spišiak believed that a German victory would be disastrous for its allies in southeastern Europe, but he did not think that it was a likely outcome.
In early 1941 in a meeting with Soviet diplomat Nikolai Sharonov, he predicted the German invasion of the Soviet Union before it occurred, but said that Slovakia preferred friendly relations between Moscow and Budapest.
Following the German invasion of Hungary in March 1944, he issued letters of protection to 3,000 Slovak Jews who had fled to Hungary in 1942, allowing them to legally cross the border and return home.
After the Siege of Budapest ended in a Soviet victory, he was arrested by SMERSH on 8 February 1945 and deported to Moscow.
A criminal case was opened against him in 1947 but dropped later that year, as a result of his testimony against the Slovak State government and a recommendation by the Slovak resistance movement.
Following his retirement in 1961 (even though he would have preferred to keep working), Spišiak lived on a pension until his death in Bratislava on 14 November 1981.
Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan is the son of the founder of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and currently serves as the National Security Advisor of UAE.
He is the full brother of Abu Dhabi Crown Prince, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed, Sheikh Hazza bin Zayed, Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed and Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, UAE's foreign minister.
The 2014–15 Liga IV Alba was the 47th season of the Liga IV Alba, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The Moriwaki MD211VF was a racing motorcycle made by Moriwaki Engineering, which was used in the MotoGP class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 2003 until 2005 in various wildcard entries.
After minor participations in the 500 and 250cc classes in the past, with riders like Shunji Yatsushiro and Osamu Hiwatashi entering back in the 1980s on Moriwaki coloured Honda NSR250, the company's owner Mamoru Moriwaki wanted to return to grand prix motorcycle racing in the early 2000s, aiming to officially return in 2004.
Plans to enter the class with a newly designed bike using Honda RC211V V5 engine were as early as 2001 as a result of the 500cc class coming to an end in 2002, being rebranded as the MotoGP class, but did not come to fruition until 2003 when it entered the class as a wildcard rider.
Before the start of the 2003 season, Moriwaki tested their motorbike during the tests for wildcard riders at the Motegi circuit in November 2002 with Masao Okuno.
Moriwaki entered their MD211VF in 2003 as a wildcard entry in two rounds, the Japanese and Pacific rounds, the driver line-up consisting of Tamaki Serizawa on both occasions.
Initially, Moriwaki had not planned to enter the sport so quickly, but an entry slot came free when the WCM team offered one of their seats because they weren't able to prepare one of their bikes in time for the race.
Development in 2004 was unsure at first, the team not knowing whether to compete a full season or continue to enter in wildcard appearances only.
During the off-season however, Dunlop chose to favour Moriwaki over the factory Kawasaki team and signed the team to become a development team for their tyres.
The driver line-up had changed this year, Serizawa was let go and the team brought on board Australian Andrew Pitt and later on experienced Frenchman Olivier Jacque to ride a total of five races - all as wildcard appearances still.
Moriwaki participated for the first time in Europe, at the Italian grand prix, where Pitt finished seventeenth and last after insufficient fuel supply caused him to lose fourteenth place.
At the next round in Catalunya however, he took the team's first ever points by finishing fourteenth, granting him two points.
For the first time in 30 years, the company had decided to not enter the Suzuka 8 Hours race this year, instead opting to focus its efforts on MotoGP racing instead.
At round 10 of the season in the Czech Republic, Pitt finished in sixteenth place, narrowly missing out on one point.
In Japan, he immediatly scored a good result for the team by finishing eleventh, moving up from 21st to twelfth before he inherited the position after Troy Bayliss slid out of contention with five laps to go, scoring five points for the team - the highest position and most points the team had scored.
The new driver line-up consisted of veteran Tohru Ukawa and rookie Naoki Matsudo, the team only competing in two rounds of the season - the Chinese and Japanese rounds.
Major-General Sir James Syme Drew (1883 – 1955) was a decorated British Army officer who saw service during both the world wars.
He served as Aide-de-camp to the King, commanded the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, was Colonel to the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, and became Director-General of the Home Guard and Territorial Army.
James Syme Drew was born on 1 September 1883 in Manchester, England, the youngest son of Thomas Auchterlonie Drew of Fallowfield, a master calico printer, and Elizabeth Beatrice Jane (née Syme), daughter of James Syme Esquire – manager of the British Linen Banking Company, Scotland.
Although the Drew family was of Scottish ancestry (at least 6 generations on both sides) in the early 1870's, Drew's grandfather, Alexander of Dalmonach and Blairmore (1815 – 1899), relocated his printing business to Lowerhouse Printworks in Burnley, establishing offices in Glasgow and Manchester.
Drew's father Tom, who was a director of the family printing business in Burnley, settled in the suburbs of Manchester, at Oak House, Fallowfield.
Drew entered Harrow School in 1897, joining his elder brother, Alexander Southerland (1879 – 1970), at Mortons; House Master, Charles Colbeck of Lemmington (1847 – 1903).
In October 1899, Drew was promoted to Lance-Corporal in the school's Rifle Company, perhaps providing the inspiration for a military career.
In January 1901, at the age of 17 years and 4 months, Drew was admitted to Sandhurst Royal Military College as an infantry officer cadet.
In 1902, Drew joined the 2nd Cameron Highlanders in Gibraltar, and was subsequently stationed in Crete in 1903, and Malta in 1904.
Drew was promoted to full Lieutenant on 26 April 1905, as the 2nd Battalion relocated to Pretoria, South Africa, serving under Colonel H H L Malcolm.
In 1910 the Battalion relocated to Bangalore, India where it remained until 1914, when it moved to Poona, shortly before returning to England as war broke out across Europe in August 1914.
Drew was on leave when the British armies were being mobilised but was soon selected by Colonel D W Cameron of Lochiel to serve as the Adjutant to his newly formed 5th (Service) Battalion, the Queens Own Cameron Highlanders, and was duly promoted to the rank of Captain in September 1914.
The 5th (Service) Battalion, Cameron Highlanders, was formed in August 1914, at Inverness, as part of the First New Army and then moved to Aldershot as part of the 26th (Highland) Infantry Brigade of the 9th (Scottish) Division.
In February 1915, the Battalion moved to Guadaloupe Barracks, Bordon and on 10 May 1915 was mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne.
The 5th Cameron Highlanders spent their first two months of the war in reserve but by the end of June were in the trenches in the vicinity of Festubert.
Drew fought with the 5th Cameron Highlanders in the Battle of Loos, notable for being the first battle in which the British used poison gas and the first mass engagement of New Army units.
6.40 am: The Battalion advanced in three lines as follows: A & B in two lines of half companies, third line C company, fourth line D company in Battalion Reserve, with HQ lines and Machine Gunners in the rear.
At 8 pm, orders were received that they would be relieved by a battalion of the Northamptons and by 1.30 am the following morning the 26th Brigade had indeed been relieved by the 73rd Brigade.
Reserve soldiers, including machine gunners and 4 officers of the Battalion, were called up, making the strength of the Battalion in the front line about 150 rank and file.
In the morning of 27 September, the 26th Brigade sent some 100 men up to the Hohenzollern Redoubt to strengthen the 73rd Brigade.
The cost of the operation in casualties for the 5th Cameron Highlanders was great: 18 officers (9 killed, 9 wounded); 644 other ranks (72 killed, 416 wounded, 156 missing).
However, this was dwarfed by the total number of British casualties – almost 60,000 during the course of the main and subsidiary attacks.
In January 1916, Drew was mentioned in the Despatches of Field Marshall John French, gained the Military Cross for his actions in the battle, and was appointed to be the Brigade Major of the 26th (Highland) Infantry Brigade.
In June, Drew was mentioned in the Despatches of Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig and was awarded the rank of Brevet Major.
Drew left the 9th (Scottish) Division in February to take up a Staff appointment with the 15th (Scottish) Division, who would take part in the Battle of Arras and the Battle of Passchendaele.
In December, Drew was again mentioned in Haig's Despatches, for distinguished and gallant services and devotion to duty during the February to September 1917 period, for which he gained the Distinguished Service Award.
On 3 November 1918, Drew was back in France, serving with the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division who had recently taken part in the final Battle of Cambrai.
On 5 November, the Royal Naval Division, as part of XXII Corps, First Army began a three-day advance into Belgium, known as the Passage of the Grande Honnelle, a final phase in the Hundred Days Offensive that virtually ended the First World War.
On 27 February, with the imminent formation of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Drew's Staff appointment with the 29th Division came to an end.
In March 1938, with the outbreak of war with Germany on the horizon, Drew was appointed as a Divisional Commander in Scottish Command and was given command of the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division.
The Second World War began on 3 September 1939, after both Britain and France declared war on Germany following the latter's invasion of Poland.
The division was briefly deployed to France, following the Dunkirk evacuation, as part of the Second British Expeditionary Force (2BEF) to cover the withdrawal of Allied forces near Cherbourg during Operation Ariel.
Drew's time with the 52nd Division came to an end in March 1941 and Major-General Sir John Laurie took over command of the Division.
Hegney was an English National Champion in 1998 after winning the prestigious ABA flyweight title, boxing out of the Castle Vale ABC.
On 1 January 1929 the Guardian amalgamated with the other Geraldton newspaper, the Geraldton Guardian (established in 1878), and was published as The Geraldton Guardian and Express, an evening daily.
A variant of Proletarian Revolution Theory that came to light shortly after the revision of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan, focusing on the Ainu.
In the early 1970s, a certain tendency of Zenkyoto groups and the Zengakuren began to emerge among other New Left activists in reaction to the stalemate of the All-Campus Joint Struggle League Movement (Zenkyoto).
They believed that the lumpenproletariat could be the main body of the revolution, and that the Ainu people of Japan were also included inside this group.
Ainu political activists Shoji Yuki and Kazuaki Yamamoto, along with others, formed the Ainu Liberation Alliance in 1972, challenging Japanese policy on the Ainu and public perception of the Ainu people.
Yuki became acquainted with Ota around 1972, accompanying him when he read out a public questionnaire at the Japanese Anthropological and Ethnic Association Congress at Sapporo Medical University.
After both were arrested in 1974 for inciting riots (Nolle prosequi), Ota and Yuki mutually criticized each other, with Ota being insulted and isolated.
Eventually, Ota's decline, conversion to becoming an ecologist, and subscription to conspiracy theories led to a rapid decline in the popularity of Ainu Revolution Theory.
McLean was a double English National Champion in 1998 and 2000 after winning the prestigious ABA lightweight title, boxing out of the Birtley ABC.
He represented England in the lightweight (-60 kg) division and won a bronze medal, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
They are fronted by vocalist, songwriter and lead guitarist Dana Margolin, who grew up in the Jewish community of North West London.
On 29 June 1216 it was recorded that another family member, Rodolphus de Buscingheleiben, served as a witness on the family will of Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia.
The men's 200 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 27 and 28 August 1989.
Philip Martin Shannon (September 2, 1846 – November 22, 1915) was an American politician, businessman, millionaire, and soldier who discovered oil in Wyoming.
Philip Martin Shannon was born in 1843 in Bradford, Pennsylvania and during his childhood he worked on the oil fields during the early Pennsylvania oil rush.
He discovered the Shannon Oil fields, which were named in his honor, in the early 1880s and gained controlling oil interestes in Texas and Alabama oil fields.
In 1861 he enlisted into the 62nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, but was later honorably discharged in 1862 due to wounds he received from the Battle of Gaines's Mill.
In 1874 he was elected as the Burgess of Millerstown and in 1876 ran for a seat in the Pennsylvania legislature, but did not receive the Republican nomination at the state convention.
In 1884 he visited Wyoming and in 1889 he discovered oil in Wyoming at the Salt Creek Oil Field and later built an oil refinery in 1894.
In 1900 Harry Oscar Lordon, a veteran of the Spanish-American War, attempted to rob Shannon and was found underneath his bed in the Waldorf-Astoria hotel.
Louis Pierre Louvel (born 7 October 1783 at Versailles; died 7 June 1820 in Paris) was the assassin of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry.
Louvel was the son of a haberdasher, learned the profession of a saddler, and entered in 1806 in the service of the artillery.
After the return of Napoleon from Elba in 1815 he worked as a saddler in the royal stables and also remained later in this position.
The political events of the Bourbon Restauration aroused in him the hatred against this dynasty, and he finally decided to start the extermination of the royal house with the assassination of the youngest member, the Duke of Berry.
When in the night of 13 February 1820 the prince was leaving the Paris opera with his wife to lead her to the carriage Louvel stabbed him with a knife in the right side of the body.
Jones was a double English National Champion in 1994 and 1999 after winning the prestigious ABA light flyweight title, boxing out of the Sefton ABC and then Towerhill ABC.
He represented England in the light flyweight (-48 kg) division and won a bronze medal, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Caroline Herford was born on 1 November 1860, the daughter of Unitarian minister William Henry Herford and Elizabeth Anne Davis (died 1880).
From 1886 to 1907 she was headmistress of the Froebelian Lady Barn House School, which her father had founded in 1873.
She was a founding member of the Manchester University branch of the British Federation of University Women, and a member of Manchester City Council until defeated by a Conservative candidate in 1923.
The church was built in 1990 on the site of an earlier tin tabernacle which had been in use since 1898.
Owing to the expanding population of the town, efforts towards a new church, including fundraising, began during the incumbency of Rev.
H. L. Somers-Cocks, formulated his own scheme for a new church and rectory, and he established a Church Extension Committee to raise the estimated sum of £6,000.
In 1897, construction commenced on the rectory, the foundation stone of which was laid on 7 August by the Bishop of Adelaide, the Right Rev.
Despite the rectory's completion, funds remained too low for construction of the church to commence, prompting the rector to appeal to the Diocesan Church Building Society for a temporary iron church to be loaned to the parish until funds were sufficient.
The purchase of an iron church for a maximum £300 was approved at a meeting of the Bath and Wells Diocesan Societies in 1897.
The iron church was erected on the site of the proposed permanent church and dedicated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
By the time of its opening, the Church Extension Fund had reached approximately £1,800, £1,100 of which had been raised in the parish.
An additional £700 was need to clear the debt of purchasing the land, building the rectory and erecting the iron church.
As funds did not allow the proposed permanent church to be built, the iron building served the parish through most of the 20th century.
During the 1980s, the church began suffering structural issues and was in need of major repair work, prompting an appeal to be launched to raise funds for its replacement with a permanent building.
By this time, most of the required funds had been raised, made up of £105,000 from the sale of the mission rooms (formerly a school) and land on the western side of the site, £80,000 in legacies, £60,000 in donations and £25,000 from the diocese.
It was built using Blue Lias stone and incorporates the bellcote from the iron church, along with a number of furnishings and the organ.
Masaki Kobayashi was a Japanese film director, screenwriter and producer who has directed twenty films in a career spanning 33 years.
First the casting episodes run, these were recorded on the Drachenfels near Königswinter, on Forggensee near Füssen and in the Hanse Gate Hamburg, afterwards the recall in Sölden was recorded for the further candidates.
The Durham University-backed team is a relaunch from the men's Wildcats team that competed in the British Basketball League between 2011 and 2015.
AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, commonly known as AJIET is an Engineering college situated in Mangalore city of Karnataka state in India.
Abattoir Hill, pronounced in Hebrew as Giv'at Bet Hamitbahayim (), is an archaeological site in Tel Aviv, Israel, located near the southern bank of the Yarkon River.
In 1930 ancient burials and tools were discovered upon the construction of an abattoir on top of the hill, hence its name.
Between 1950 and 1953, Israeli archaeologist Jacob Kaplan studied the site, ahead of the construction of new residential units and streets on it.
He discovered the remains of burials and small settlements spanning from the Chalcolithic period to the Persian period (4500 – 332 BCE).
In 1965 and 1970 Kaplan conducted two more excavations next to the slaughterhouse and discovered settlement remains from the Bronze Age and the Persian period.
In June 1998 another salvage excavation was conducted by Kamil Sari after ancient remains were damaged by work of the Electric Corporation.
The boundaries of the site were determined by Jacob Kaplan who first studied the site in the 1950s like so: west: Agripas, Hurkanos, and Yehoshua Bin-Nun streets; south: Nordau Boulevard; east Alexander Yanai street; north: Shimon HaTarsi street.
The earliest evidence of human settlement in Abattoir Hill is found in two caves dated to the Chalcolithic period in the Yanai Street site.
The entrence of the cave faces the Yarkon River in the north, and in front of it lies an eliptical courtyard where installations used for various crafts such as pottery making were discovered.
Several rooms branch out of the cave's hall including one where a mixed layer of ash, potsherds and animal bone was found.
Unlike the previous inhabitants of the Chalcolithic period who buried their dead inside ossuaries, the inhabitants of this settlement cremated the dead and buried only the ashes and scorched bones.
It was dated by Kaplan to the Middle Bronze Age II period, the time of the Hyksos, a Mesopotamian people who ruled over Ancient Egypt at around 1650 – 1550 BCE.
Kaplan believes that this settlement was a small village or an estate owned by a Hyksos nobleman from the nearby Jaffa or Tel Gerisa.
These kilns, as well as many other kilns of the period found in Tel Aviv, indicate a high demand for pottery and high population density, common in this period.
Few remains of the Late Bronze Age (1550 – 1200 BCE) were discovered, leading Kaplan to assume that the human settlement in the site was insignificant back then.
Noteworthy, in the late centuries of this period, especially the 13th century BCE, the excavation determined that the site was completely deserted.
A settlement from the 10th century BCE, the time of the United Kingdom of Israel, was discovered in the Hill Square.
It was also suggested that the assemblage of potsherds from the 8th century BCE are an evidence to local military preparations ahead of the Assyrian attack.
Remains of structures and pottery from the Persian period were found on top of the Nordau 93 Early Bronze Age burial cave.
One of the caves which was successfully excavated had features of a burial cave and on the floor, an abundance of human bones was discovered.
Potsherds were also found and are dated to the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Early Muslim periods, as well as a worn coin of the 1st century CE.
Archaeologist Yossi Levy who excavated the caves suggested that they were part of Jewish or Samaritan burial, based on their similarity to a Jewish cemetery found in Abu Kabir (4th – 5th century CE) and a Samaritan cemetery in Tel Baruch (5th – 6th century CE).
The problem of two emperors or two-emperors-problem (deriving from the German term Zweikaiserproblem) is the historiographical term for the historical contradiction between the idea of the universal empire, that there was only ever one true emperor at any one given time, and the truth that there were often two (or sometimes more) individuals who claimed the position simultaneously.
The term is mostly used in regards to medieval Europe, in particular, the long-lasting dispute between the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople and the Holy Roman emperors in modern-day Germany and Austria as to which emperor represented the legitimate Roman emperor.
In the view of medieval Christians, the Roman Empire was indivisible and its emperor held a somewhat hegemonic position even over Christians who did not live within the formal borders of the empire.
Since the collapse of the classical Roman Empire during Late antiquity, the Byzantine Empire (which represented its surviving provinces in the East) had been recognized by itself, the Pope and the various new Christian kingdoms throughout Europe as the legitimate Roman Empire.
This changed in 797 when Emperor Constantine VI was deposed and replaced as ruler by his mother, Empress Irene, who was not accepted in the West on account of being a woman.
Over the course of the centuries after Charlemagne's coronation, the dispute in regards to the imperial title would be one of the most contested issues in Holy Roman–Byzantine politics and though military action rarely resulted because of it, the dispute significantly soured diplomacy between the two empires.
On occasion, the imperial title would be claimed by neighbors of the Byzantine Empire, such as Bulgaria and Serbia, which often led to military confrontations.
After the Byzantine Empire was momentarily overthrown by the Catholic crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and supplanted by the Latin Empire, the dispute continued even though both emperors now followed the same religious head for the first time since the dispute began.
Though the Latin emperors recognized the Holy Roman emperors as the legitimate Roman emperors, they also claimed the title for themselves, which was not recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in return.
Although the Latin Empire would be destroyed by the resurgent Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty in 1261, the Palaiologoi never reached the power of the pre-1204 Byzantine Empire and its emperors would ignore the problem of two emperors in favor of closer diplomatic ties with the west due to a need for aid against the many enemies of their empire.
Their claim to the imperial title would be rejected by the Holy Roman emperors until 1726, when Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI recognized it as part of brokering an alliance, though he refused to admit that the two monarchs held equal status.
The idea was that the world contained one empire (the Roman Empire) and one church and this idea survived despite the collapse of the empire's western provinces.
Although the last extensive attempt at putting the theory back into practice had been Justinian I's wars of reconquest in the 6th century, which saw the return of Italy and Africa into imperial control, the idea of a great western reconquest remained a dream for Byzantine emperors for centuries.
Because the empire was constantly threatened at critical frontiers to its north and east, the Byzantines were unable to focus much attention to the west and Roman control would slowly disappear in the west once more.
Nevertheless, their claim to the universal empire was acknowledged by temporal and religious authorities in the west, even if this empire couldn't be physically restored.
Gothic and Frankish kings in the fifth and sixth centuries acknowledged the emperor's suzerainty, as a symbolic acknowledgement of membership in the Roman Empire also enhanced their own status and granted them a position in the perceived world order of the time.
A decisive geopolitical turning point in the relations between East and West was during the long reign of emperor Constantine V (741–775).
Though Constantine V conducted several successful military campaigns against the enemies of his empire, his efforts were centered on the Muslims and the Bulgars, who represented immediate threats.
The main Byzantine administrative unit in Italy, the Exarchate of Ravenna, fell to the Lombards in 751, ending the Byzantine presence in northern Italy.
The popes, ostensibly Byzantine vassals, realized that Byzantine support was no longer a guarantee and increasingly began relying on the major kingdom in the West, the Frankish Kingdom, for support against the Lombards.
Imperial authority ceased to be exercised in Corsica and Sardinia and religious authority in southern Italy was formally transferred by the emperors from the popes to the patriarchs of Constantinople.
In 797 the young emperor Constantine VI was arrested, deposed and blinded by his mother and former regent, Irene of Athens.
The Frankish Kingdom had been reorganized and revitalized under king Charlemagne and Pope Leo III had refused to recognize Irene as empress, viewing the idea of a woman emperor as an abomination and seeing the position of Roman emperor as vacant.
When Charlemagne visited Rome for Christmas in 800 he was treated not as one territorial ruler among others, but as the sole legitimate monarch in Europe and on Christmas Day he was proclaimed and crowned by the Pope Leo III as the Emperor of the Romans.
In essence, Byzantine imperial ideology was simply a christianization of the old Roman imperial ideology, which had also been universal and absolutist.
To contemporaries in Western Europe, Charlemagne's key legitimizing factor as emperor (other than papal approval) was the territories which he controlled.
As he controlled formerly Roman lands in Gaul, Germany and Italy (including Rome itself), and acted as a true emperor in these lands, which the eastern emperor was seen as having had abandoned, he thus deserved to be called an emperor.
Although crowned as an explicit refusal of the eastern emperor's claim to universal rule, Charlemagne himself does not appear to have been interested in confrontation with the Byzantine Empire or its rulers.
As such, his imperial title could be seen as stemming from the fact that he was the king of more than one kingdom (equating the title of emperor with that of king of kings), rather than as an usurpation of Byzantine power.
The exact terms discussed are unknown and negotiations were slow but it seems that Charlemagne proposed in 802 that the two rulers would marry and unite their empires.
This plan failed however, as the message only arrived in Constantinople after Irene had been deposed and exiled by a new emperor, Nikephoros I.
One of the primary resources in regards to the problem of two emperors in the Carolingian period is a letter by Emperor Louis II.
Louis II was the fourth emperor of the Carolingian Empire, though his domain was confined to northern Italy as the rest of the empire had fractured into several different kingdoms, though these still acknowledged Louis as the emperor.
Though Basil's letter is lost, its contents can be ascertained from the known geopolitical situation at the time and Louis's reply and probably related to the ongoing co-operation between the two empires against the Muslims.
As illustrated by Louis's letter, the western idea of ethnicity was different from the Byzantine idea; everyone belonged to some form of ethnicity.
The views expressed by the two emperors in regards to ethnicity are somewhat paradoxical; Basil defined the Roman Empire in ethnic terms (defining it as explicitly against ethnicity) despite not considering the Romans as an ethnicity and Louis did not define the Roman Empire in ethnic terms (defining it as an empire of God, the creator of all ethnicities) despite considering the Romans as an ethnic people.
He argued that as the Pope of Rome, who actually controlled the city, had rejected the religious leanings of the Byzantines as heretical and instead favored the Franks and because the Pope had also crowned him emperor, Louis was the legitimate Roman emperor.
The idea was that it was God himself, acting through his vicar the Pope, who had granted the church, people and city of Rome to him to govern and protect.
Louis's letter details that if he wasn't the Emperor of the Romans then he could not be the Emperor of the Franks either, as it was the Roman people themselves who had accorded his ancestors with the imperial title.
In contrast to the Papal affirmation of his imperial lineage, Louis chastized the eastern empire for its emperors mostly only being affirmed by their senate and sometimes lacking even that, with some emperors having been proclaimed by the army, or worse, women (probably a reference to Irene).
Though it would have been possible for either side of the dispute to concede to the obvious truth, that there were now two empires and two emperors, this would have denied the understood nature of what the empire was and meant (its unity).
These references are more likely to mean that Louis still considered there to be a single empire, but with two imperial claimants (an emperor and an anti-emperor so to speak).
His titling of the Byzantine emperor as an emperor in the letter may simply be a courtesy, rather than an implication that he truly accepted his imperial rule.
Louis's letter mentions that the Byzantines abandoned Rome, the seat of empire, and lost the Roman way of life and the Latin language.
In his view, that the empire was ruled from Constantinople did not represent it surviving, but rather that it had fled from its responsibilities.
Although he would have had to approve its contents, Louis probably did not write his letter himself and it was probably instead written by the prominent cleric Anastasius the Librarian.
As such, prominent figures in Rome itself would have shared Louis's views, illustrating that by his time, the Byzantine Empire and the city of Rome had drifted very far apart.
Following the death of Louis in 875, emperors continued to be crowned in the West for a few decades, but their reigns were often brief and problematic and they only held limited power and as such the problem of two emperors ceased being a major issue to the Byzantines, for a time.
The problem of two emperors returned when Pope John XII crowned the King of Germany, Otto I, as Emperor of the Romans in 962, almost 40 years after the death of the previous papally crowned emperor, Berengar.
Otto's repeated territorial claims to all of Italy and Sicily (as he had also been proclaimed as the King of Italy) brought him into conflict with the Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine emperor at the time, Romanos II, appears to have more or less ignored Otto's imperial aspirations, but the succeeding Byzantine emperor, Nikephoros II, was strongly opposed to them.
Otto, who hoped to secure imperial recognition and the provinces in southern Italy diplomatically through a marriage alliance, dispatched diplomatic envoys to Nikephoros in 967.
Leading Otto's diplomatic mission was Liutprand of Cremona, who chastized the Byzantines for their perceived weakness; losing control of the West and thus also causing the Pope to lose control of the lands which belonged to him.
To Liutprand, the fact that Otto I had acted as a restorer and protector of the church by restoring the lands of the Papacy (which Liutprand believed had been granted to the Pope by Emperor Constantine I), made him the true emperor while the loss of these lands under preceding Byzantine rule illustrated that the Byzantines were weak and unfit to be emperors.
Nikephoros pointed out to Liutprand personally that Otto was a mere barbarian king who had no right to call himself an emperor, nor to call himself a Roman.
Otto's attempted cordial relations with the Byzantine Empire would be hindered by the problem of the two emperors, and the eastern emperors were less than eager to reciprocate his feelings.
In 972, in the reign of Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes, a marriage was secured between Otto's son and co-emperor Otto II and John's niece Theophanu.
Otto leaving out any mention of Romans in his imperial title may be because he wanted to achieve the recognition of the Byzantine emperor.
To Liutprand of Cremona and later scholars in the west, the perceived weak and degenerate eastern emperors were not true emperors; there was a single empire under the true emperors (Otto I and his successors), who demonstrated their right to the empire through their restoration of the Church.
In the 1150s, the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos became involved in a three-way struggle between himself, the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and the Italo-Norman King of Sicily, Roger II.
Manuel aspired to lessen the influence of his two rivals and at the same time win the recognition of the Pope (and thus by extension Western Europe) as the sole legitimate emperor, which would unite Christendom under his sway.
Manuel reached for this ambitious goal by financing a league of Lombard towns to rebel against Frederick and encouraging dissident Norman barons to do the same against the Sicilian king.
Despite his efforts, Manuel's campaign ended in failure and he won little except the hatred of both Barbarossa and Roger, who by the time the campaign concluded had allied with each other.
Soon after the conclusion of the Byzantine–Norman wars in 1185, the Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos received word that a Third Crusade had been called due to Sultan Saladin's 1187 conquest of Jerusalem.
Isaac learnt that Barbarossa, a known foe of his empire, was to lead a large contingent in the footprints of the First and Second crusades through the Byzantine Empire.
Isaac II interpreted Barbarossa's march through his empire as a threat and considered it inconceivable that Barbarossa did not also intend to overthrow the Byzantine Empire.
In his treaties and negotiations with Barbarossa (which exist preserved as written documents), Isaac II was insincere as he had secretly allied with Saladin to gain concessions in the Holy Land and had agreed to delay and destroy the German army.
Barbarossa, who did not in fact intend to take Constantinople, was unaware of Isaac's alliance with Saladin but still wary of the rival emperor.
Isaac was absent at the time, putting down a revolt in Philadelphia, and returned to Constantinople a week after the German embassy arrived, after which he immediately had the Germans imprisoned.
This imprisonment was partly motivated by Isaac wanting to possess German hostages, but more importantly, an embassy from Saladin, probably noticed by the German ambassadors, was also in the capital at this time.
On 28 June 1189, Barbarossa's crusade reached the Byzantine borders, the first time a Holy Roman emperor personally set foot within the borders of the Byzantine Empire.
Although Barbarossa's army was received by the closest major governor, the governor of Branitchevo, the governor had received orders to stall or, if possible, destroy the German army.
On his way to the city of Niš, Barbarossa was repeatedly assaulted by locals under the orders of the governor of Branitchevo and Isaac II also engaged in a campaign of closing roads and destroying foragers.
The lack of markets was excused by Isaac as due to not having received advance notice of Barbarossa's arrival, a claim rejected by Barbarossa, who saw the embassy he had sent earlier as notice enough.
Despite these issues, Barbarossa still apparently believed that Isaac was not hostile against him and refused invitations from the enemies of the Byzantines to join an alliance against them.
While at Niš he was assured by Byzantine ambassadors that though there was a significant Byzantine army assembled near Sofia, it had been assembled to fight the Serbs and not the Germans.
This was a lie, and when the Germans reached the position of this army, they were treated with hostility, though the Byzantines fled at the first charge of the German cavalry.
Isaac II panicked and issued contradictory orders to the governor of the city of Philippopolis, one of the strongest fortresses in Thrace.
Fearing that the Germans were to use the city as a base of operations, its governor, Niketas Choniates (later a major historian of these events), was first ordered to strengthen the city's walls and hold the fortress at all costs, but later to abandon the city and destroy its fortifications.
Furthermore, Isaac II demanded half of any territory to be conquered from the Muslims during the crusade and justified his actions by claiming that he had heard from the governor of Branitchevo that Barbarossa had plans to conquer the Byzantine Empire and place his son Frederick of Swabia on its throne.
In the letters exchanged between Isaac II and Barbarossa, neither side titled the other in the way they considered to be appropriate.
The wine left behind in the abandoned city of Philippopolis had been poisoned, and a second embassy sent from the city to Constantinople by Barbarossa was also imprisoned, though shortly thereafter Isaac II relented and released both embassies.
When the embassies reunited with Barbarossa at Philippopolis they told the Holy Roman emperor of Isaac II's alliance with Saladin, and claimed that the Byzantine emperor intended to destroy the German army while it was crossing the Bosporus.
In retaliation for spotting anti-Crusader propaganda in the surrounding region, the crusaders devastated the immediate area around Philippopolis, slaughtering the locals.
By this point, Barbarossa had become convinced that Constantinople needed to be conquered in order for the crusade to be successful.
On 18 November he sent a letter to his son, Henry, in which he explained to difficulties he had encountered and ordered his son to prepare for an attack against Constantinople, ordering the assembling of a large fleet to meet him in the Bosporus once spring came.
Furthermore, Henry was instructed to ensure Papal support for such a campaign, organizing a great Western crusade against the Byzantines as enemies of God.
As Barbarossa's army, reinforced with Serbian and Vlach allies, approached Constantinople, Isaac II's resolve faded and he began to favor peace instead.
Barbarossa had continued to send offers of peace and reconciliation since he had seized Philippopolis, and once Barbarossa officially sent a declaration of war in late 1189, Isaac II at last relented, realizing he wouldn't be able to destroy the German army and was at risk of losing Constantinople itself.
The peace saw the Germans being allowed to pass freely through the empire, transportation across the Bosporus and the opening of markets as well as compensation for the damage done to Barbarossa's expedition by the Byzantines.
Frederick then continued on towards the Holy Land without any further major incidents with the Byzantines, with the exception of the German army almost sacking the city of Philadelphia after its governor refused to open up the markets to the Crusaders.
To the Byzantines, the devastation of Thrace and efficiency of the German soldiers had illustrated the threat they represented, while in the West, the mistreatment of the emperor and the imprisonment of the embassies would be long remembered.
Frederick Barbarossa died before reaching the Holy Land and his son and successor, Henry VI, pursued a foreign policy in which he aimed to force the Byzantine court to accept him as the superior (and sole legitimate) emperor.
By 1194, Henry had successfully consolidated Italy under his own rule after being crowned as King of Sicily, in addition to already being the Holy Roman emperor and the King of Italy, and he turned his gaze east.
Furthermore, Leo II, the ruler of Cilician Armenia, offered to swear fealty to Henry VI in exchange for being accorded a royal crown.
Henry bolstered his efforts against the eastern empire by marrying a captive daughter of Isaac II, Irene Angelina, to his brother Philip of Swabia in 1195, giving his brother a dynastic claim that could prove useful in the future.
In 1195 Henry VI also dispatched an embassy to the Byzantine Empire, demanding from Isaac II that he transfer a stretch of land stretching from Durazzo to Thessalonica, previously conquered by the Sicilian king William II, and also wished the Byzantine emperor to promise naval support in preparation for a new crusade.
Henry VI intended to force the Byzantines to pay him to ensure peace, essentially extracting tribute, and his envoys put forward the grievances that the Byzantines had caused throughout Barbarossa's reign.
Shortly after agreeing to these terms, Isaac II was overthrown and replaced as emperor by his older brother, Alexios III Angelos.
Henry VI successfully compelled Alexios III as well to pay tribute to him under the threat of otherwise conquering Constantinople on his way to the Holy Land.
Although he would only directly rule his traditional domains, Germany and Italy, his plans were that no other empire would claim ecumenical power and that all Europe was to recognize his suzerainty.
His attempt to subordinate the Byzantine Empire to himself was just one step in his partially successful plan of extending his feudal overlordship from his own domains to France, England, Aragon, Cilician Armenia, Cyprus and the Holy Land.
Based on the establishment of bases in the Levant and the submission of Cilician Armenia and Cyprus, it is possible that Henry VI really considered invading and conqueing the Byzantine Empire, thus uniting the rivalling empires under his rule.
This plan, just as Henry's plan of making the position of emperor hereditary rather than elective, ultimately never transpired as he was kept busy by internal affairs in Sicily and Germany.
A series of unfortunate events and the intervention of Venice led to the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) sacking Constantinople instead of attacking its intended target, Egypt.
This suggests that, although they had placed a new Catholic emperor, Baldwin I, on the throne of Constantinople and changed the administrative structure of the empire into a feudal network of counties, duchies and kingdoms, the crusaders viewed themselves as taking over the Byzantine Empire rather than replacing it with a new entity.
This is despite the fact that the crusaders, as Western Christians, would have recognized the Holy Roman Empire as the true Roman Empire and its ruler as the sole true emperor and that founding treaties of the Latin Empire explicitly designate the empire as in the service of the Roman Catholic Church.
The idea, which became accepted by Pope Innocent III, saw the formal recognition of Constantinople as an imperial seat of power and its rulers as legitimate emperors, which could rule in tandem with the already recognized emperors in the West.
With the Byzantine reconquest of Constantinople in 1261 under Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, the Papacy suffered a loss of prestige and endured severe damage to its spiritual authority.
Once more, the easterners had asserted their right not only to the position of Roman emperor but also to a church independent of the one centered in Rome.
The popes who were active during Michael's reign all pursued a policy of attempting to assert their religious authority over the Byzantine Empire.
As Michael was aware that the popes held considerable sway in the west (and wishing to avoid a repeat of the events of 1204), he dispatched an embassy to Pope Urban IV immediately after taking possession of the city.
The two envoys were immediately imprisoned once they sat foot in Italy: one was flayed alive and the other managed to escape back to Constantinople.
From 1266 to his death in 1282, Michael would repeatedly be threatened by the King of Sicily, Charles of Anjou, who aspired to restore the Latin Empire and periodically enjoyed Papal support.
Michael VIII and his successors, the Palaiologan dynasty, aspired to reunite the Eastern Orthodox Church with the Church of Rome, chiefly because Michael recognized that only the Pope could constrain Charles of Anjou.
To this end, Byzantine envoys were present at the Second Council of Lyons in 1274, where the Church of Constantinople was formally reunified with Rome, restoring communion after more than two centuries.
The Union of the Churches aroused passionate opposition from the Byzantine people, the Orthodox clergy, and even within the imperial family itself.
Michael's sister Eulogia, and her daughter Anna, wife of the ruler of Epirus Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, were among the chief leaders of the anti-Unionists.
Nikephoros, his half-brother John I Doukas of Thessaly, and even the Emperor of Trebizond, John II Megas Komnenos, soon joined the anti-Unionist cause and gave support to the anti-Unionists fleeing Constantinople.
Nevertheless, the Union achieved Michael's main aim: it legitimized Michael and his successors as rulers of Constantinople in the eyes of the west.
Furthermore, Michael's idea of a crusade to recover the lost portions of Anatolia received positive reception at the council, though such a campaign would never materialize.
The union was disrupted in 1281 when Michael was excommunicated, possibly due to Pope Martin IV having been pressured by Charles of Anjou.
Following Michael's death, and with the threat of an Angevin invasion having subsided following the Sicilian Vespers, his successor, Andronikos II Palaiologos, was quick to repudiate the hated Union of the Churches.
Although popes after Michael's death would periodically consider a new crusade against Constantinople to once more impose Catholic rule, no such plans materialized.
Faced with the Ottoman danger, Michael's successors, prominently John V and Manuel II, periodically attempted to restore the Union, much to the dismay of their subjects.
At the Council of Florence in 1439, Emperor John VIII reaffirmed the Union in the light of imminent Turkish attacks on what little remained of his empire.
To the Byzantine citizens themselves, the Union of the Churches, which had assured the promise of a great western crusade against the Ottomans, was a death warrant for their empire.
The promised crusade, the fruit of John VIII's labor, ended only in disaster as it was defeated by the Turks at the Battle of Varna in 1444.
The dispute between the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire was mostly confined to the realm of diplomacy, never fully exploding into open war.
This was probably mainly due to the great geographical distance separating the two empires; a large-scale campaign would have been infeasible to undertake for either emperor.
Events in Germany, France and the west in general was of little compelling interest to the Byzantines as they firmly believed that the western provinces would eventually be reconquered.
Simeon I's demands were not only that Bulgaria would be recognized as independent from the Byzantine Empire, but that it was to be designated as a new universal empire, absorbing and replacing the universal empire of Constantinople.
Kaloyan attempted to receive recognition by Pope Innocent III as emperor, but Innocent refused, instead offering to provide a cardinal to crown him simply as king.
With the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the Byzantine Empire's stead, the problem of two emperors returned.
Mehmed deliberately linked himself to the Byzantine imperial tradition, making few changes in Constantinople itself and working on restoring the city through repairs and (sometimes forced) immigration, which soon led to an economic upswing.
Mehmed also appointed a new Greek Orthodox Patriarch, Gennadios, and began minting his own coins (a practice which the Byzantine emperors had engaged in, but the Ottomans never had previously).
As with the Byzantine emperors before them, the imperial status of the Ottoman sultans was primarily expressed through the refusal to recognize the Holy Roman emperors as equal rulers.
This practice had been cemented and reinforced by the Treaty of Constantinople in 1533, signed by the Ottoman Empire (under Suleiman I) and the Archduchy of Austria (as represented by Ferdinand I on behalf of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), wherein it was agreed that Ferdinand I was to be considered as the King of Germany and Charles V as the King of Spain.
These titles were considered to be equal in rank to the Ottoman Empire's Grand Vizier, subordinate to the imperial title held by the sultan.
The problem of two emperors and the dispute between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire would be finally resolved after the two empires signed a peace treaty following a string of Ottoman defeats.
In the Ottoman Empire itself, the idea that the sultan was an universal ruler lingered on despite his recognition of the Holy Roman emperor as an equal.
The Holy Roman idea that the empire located primarily in Germany constituted the only legitimate empire eventually gave rise to the association with Germany and the imperial title, rather than associating it with the ancient Romans.
The Holy Roman emperors themselves maintained that they were the successors of the ancient Roman emperors up until the abdication of Francis II, the final Holy Roman emperor, in 1806.
In 1480, he stopped paying tribute to the Golden Horde and adopted the imperial double-headed eagle as one of his symbols.
In this doctrine, the first Rome fell to heresy (Catholicism) and the second Rome (Constantinople) to the infidel, but the third Rome (Moscow) would endure until the end of the world.
In 1488, Ivan III demanded recognition of his title as the equivalent of emperor, but this was refused by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick III and other western European rulers.
He claimed to be a descendant of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, and at his coronation as Tsar in 1561 he used a Slavic translation of the Byzantine coronation service and what he claimed was Byzantine regalia.
Poe argues that Philotheus' doctrine of Third Rome may have been mostly forgotten in Russia, relegated to the Old Believers, until shortly before the development of Pan-Slavism.
Hence the idea could not have directly influenced the foreign policies of Peter and Catherine, though those Tsars did compare themselves to the Romans.
An expansionist version of Third Rome reappeared primarily after the coronation of Alexander II in 1855, a lens through which later Russian writers would re-interpret Early Modern Russia, arguably anachronistically.
Prior to the embassy of Peter the Great in 1697–1698, the tsarist government had a poor understanding of the Holy Roman Empire and its constitution.
Under Peter, use of the double-headed eagle increased and other less Byzantine symbols of the Roman past were adopted, as when the tsar was portrayed as an ancient emperor on coins minted after the Battle of Poltava in 1709.
Thereafter, Russia claimed to be a guarantor of the imperial constitution as per the Peace of Westphalia (1648) with the same standing as France and Sweden.
In 1780, Catherine II called for the invasion of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of a new Greek Empire or restored Eastern Roman Empire, for which purposes an alliance was made between Joseph II's Holy Roman Empire and Catherine II's Russian Empire.
Following his directoral post at the Minister of Foreign Affairs Secretariat (2003–2005), in 2005 he was nominated Poland ambassador to Azerbaijan.
On 28 July 2014, he was nominated Poland ambassador to Bulgaria, and presented his letter of credence on 9 August 2014.
The family traveled often because his mother was a diplomat, working for the embassy of Senegal for many years and his father was a landscape architect in Southern Europe.
Even though Philippe's career kicked off in the corporate world, he never lost his passion for the arts and retained close connections with artists.
Philippe regularly hosted private art events in both the USA and Europe, helping him retain his presence within the international art community.
At the time, many artists were turning their back on this neighborhood, however, Philippe was adamant that this would be the only spot worthy of his flagship artspace.
Matilda Powell Williams, (January 27, 1914 – November 15, 1978) known in her professional career as Mississippi Matilda, was an American Delta blues singer and songwriter.
She and Bass separated and she relocated to Hollandale, Mississippi, where she met Eugene Powell, who was six years her elder.
The couple, in the company of Willie Harris, Robert Hill, and members of the Mississippi Sheiks, traveled to New Orleans, Louisiana, to record for Bluebird Records.
The tracks were created, as part of a larger recording session at St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans, on October 15, 1936.
In 1942, the Powells relocated to Greenville, Mississippi, where her husband had found employment at the John Deere plant, to help support their by now large family.
From 1850, first the basin of Hudson Dock was built, extended southwards as Hudson Dock South from 1853, then Hendon Dock beyond, built from 1864.
This was a small wrought-iron Howe truss swing bridge, built by Hawks, Crawshay and Sons of Gateshead, and is still in use.
Hendon Dock was connected to the south of Hudson Dock South by a small channel with a pair of opposed dock gates, these could hold back a difference of water level in either direction.
After WWII, the dock opening was to be widened from 60 to 90 ft and so a new bridge was needed.
The original bridge had been a steel plate girder swing bridge, swinging open in a quarter circle from a vertical axis on the East, seaward, side of the dock.
There were now several large producers of the raw metal within the UK, and rolling plants to produce it in rolled or extruded engineering sections.
For a moving bridge such as a bascule, the lighter weight of the spans would reduce the power needed for the lifting motors and the time take to open a bridge.
The design and construction of the bridge structure were carried out by Head Wrightson Light Alloy Structures Ltd., a new subsidiary which had ben set up to specialise in an anticipated market for lightweight structures like this in aluminium.
The metal itself, as extrusions and as rolled plate, was supplied by British Aluminium and Northern Aluminium (later Alcan) of Banbury.
Work began in December 1947 with the removal of the original bridge and the beginnings of earthworks for the new bridge foundations.
Previously the East abutment of the bridge had housed the pivot mechanism for the swing bridge, and sheet piling was used as a temporary coffer dam on both sides whilst the bridge pits and foundations were constructed.
Unusually for an aluminium structure, all joints were assembled with rivets, of a style and size more commonly seen in pre-war steelwork construction.
A road trailer with 75 ton load was used for one test, and rail tests with both 65 tons of iron scrap and a 41 ton locomotive, and a full train of loaded coal wagons were used.
The new bridge was painted in a waterolour by the artist Leslie Carr (1891–1961) and the painting kept by Head Wrightson.
Its use was gradually less important too, with the decrease in railway coal traffic across the bridge to the loading staithes.
The Launière River is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Launière River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the northeast) of lakes Bert and Mongeau, as well as an unidentified stream (coming from the southeast).
The current of the Launière river flows on the north bank of the Jacques-Cartier River, in a bend of the river.
The origin of this acronym is probably attributed in memory of a family of gamekeepers who lived in the lake at Christmas, south of L'Étape.
At around age from 17 to 18 in 1986, she first came to Japan on a modeling contract for three months.
She later moved to London to study at the Corona Academy for one year and later at Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts for almost a year before returning to Canada.
Somerville had decided she wanted to write a song in , and wrote the piano riff which would later form the basis of the song.
Filmed mainly in Markwick and Somerville's flat, the video is a mix of candid videos of Markwick and Somerville, and sections of Markwick and Somerville singing the song.
His first attribution in directing dramatic comedy shows was Znood El-Sett which was aired on Al Sharqiya TV, which was highly successful in Iraq and secured top place in the 2009 Iraqi viewership ratings.
Muhaned directed this show with his brother Ali Abu Khumra using the latest cinematic cameras and the most up to date visual effect technologies for the first time in Iraq, followed by the second season of the same show which aired on Al Rasheed TV.
Spéranza Calo-Séailles or Elpís Kalogeropoúlou in Greek; Ελπίς Καλογεροπούλου (May 17, 1885 – February 18, 1949) was a Greek painter, singer, inventor and opera singer (1885-1949).
She is popularly known as a singer and artist, but she invented a type of decorative concrete which went under the name Lap.
His scrummaging prowess has been an important part in the rise of the Brazil team who have beaten the higher ranked USA and Canada twice since 2016 .
Tory gained recognition in 2018 when he was signed by Lil Durk on his OTF record label in 2017 and was subsequently signed to Def Jam Recordings in 2019.
He stated that he has been a vegan since birth and is a committed Rastafarian and strictly obeys his religious diet.
The 2020 Manmohan Memorial National One-Day Cricket Tournament was the second edition of one of the main domestic 50-over competitions in Nepal, alongside the Prime Minister One Day Cup.
The tournament featured sides representing the seven provinces of Nepal plus three departments, the host club (MMCC Inaruwa) and a Malaysian XI.
The Temple of Cybele located on the largest of two islands in Lake Durankulak dates from the end of the 4th century BC, and functioned until the 1st century BC.
It is a cave temple situated in the interior of a karst cave on the south coast of the island and dates back to the Hellenistic era or Hellenism.
During the excavations, a goddess vault and other finds from this period were discovered: two ancient Greek black-cantaris, amphora tara and handles with seals from the islands of Rhodes and Thassos, Kos, Herakles and other classical Aegean centers.
This Cybele temple is part of the Archaeological Complex Durankulak Lake, which features eight individual incarnations from different cultures and sites, including Hamangia culture.
During his lifetime, he became the first black man in the state of Illinois to serve on a grand jury in 1870, a notary public in 1871, and the first to be elected to public office in 1871.
Arriving in Chicago with three dollars in assets in 1845, Jones rose to become Chicago's primary black leader of the 19th Century with his personal campaign to end the Black Codes of Illinois and as the first African-American to win public office in the state.
During his early years he would be befriended by abolitionists Lemuel Covell Paine (L.C.P) Freer and Dr. Charles V. Dyer, is are credited by Jones in teaching him to read and write as well as the fundamentals of business and real estate.
This was the major communications hub for African-Americans, both free and escaped slaves, from 1854 until the end of the Civil War.
Although Jones lost part of his fortune to the great 1871 Chicago Fire, he remained one of the city's most prominent citizens until his death.
It took place on January 6, 2020, one day after Wrestle Kingdom 14, which is generally considered to be NJPW's biggest show of the year.
The event featured blow-off matches for the previous night's Wrestle Kingdom 14 and as is tradition, all matches were revealed the night of the event.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
The previous night at Wrestle Kingdom 14, the IWGP Intercontinental Champion Tetsuya Naito defeated Kazuchika Okada to win the IWGP Heavyweight Championship becoming the first ever dual IWGP Heavyweight and Intercontinental champion.
Patrick Crisp Whitaker (June 29, 1894 - 1965) was a prominent defense attorney who served in the Florida House of Representatives and Florida Senate including as Senate President.
He led the defense of six Tampa policemen and the police chief accused of involvement in a deadly 1935 attack on a political group known as the Modern Democrats.
He also reportedly got youths cleared of a fishing violation by contending that since mullet have gizzards they are not fish but chickens.
It tells the story of The Greensboro Four through photographs, archival footage and interviews from Joseph McNeil, David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Jibreel Khazan, three of the four men who began the sit-in at Woolworth's in 1960 to protest segregation practices.
The film also includes interviews from historians from the Smithsonian Museum of American History and civil right leader and congressman John Lewis.
Born in Merzig/Saarland, Fontaine studied musicology, Germanistic and philosophy from 1980 until 1986 at the Universität des Saarlandes in Saarbrücken, School music at the Universität der Künste Berlin as well as musicology and Germanistic at the Technische Universität Berlin and the Freie Universität Berlin.
In 2003 she was appointed professor at the University of Potsdam and in 2004 she moved to the Berlin University of the Arts.
The naming rights for the stadium are owned by Carlsberg Group, and the stadium is named after the Carlsberg-owned brand Falcon's non-alcoholic beer.
Chung Woon-chun (Korean: 정운천, born 10 April 1954) is a South Korean farmer, businessman and politician who has been serving as one of co-Presidents of the Party of New Conservatives since 2020.
Prior to his MP career, he briefly served as the Minister of Agriculture, Fishery, and Food under the President Lee Myung-bak.
After he earned a bachelor's degree in agricultural economics from Korea University, he built polytunnels in Haenam to cultivate New Zealand kiwis.
Though his success was later even mentioned in several textbooks, a former Democratic Labour MP Kang Ki-kap criticised that Chung's business was operated with government grants.
Shortly after Lee Myung-bak was elected as the new President, Chung was appointed as the Minister of Agriculture, Fishery, and Food.
3 opposition parties — United Democratic Party, Democratic Labour Party, and Party for Freedom and Advancement, suggested a motion of no-confidence against him.
He barely survived, but shortly after a nationwide protest was sparked, in which led him to be sacked from the position.
He unsuccessfully ran as the Governor of North Jeolla Province, but gained 18.2%, which became a sensation in South Korean society.
He led in several opinion polls in which focused by some media, but in the end he received 35.8% and lost to DUP's Lee Sang-jik.
He narrowly beat Lee with a majority of 111 votes, made him to be the 2nd conservative MP of Jeonju after Kang Hyun-wook who was elected under New Korea Party (predecessor of the Saenuri Party) banner in 1996.
On 26 December 2016, shortly after the political scandal, Chung resigned from the Saenuri Party (Liberty Korea Party since February 2017), along with the party's dissidents, citing that he is no more able to represent people under the Saenuri banner.
He then became a founding member of the Bareun Party, however, on 2 May 2017, sources reported that he was considering about either returning to the Liberty Korea Party or being as an independent.
On 26 June, he received 17.6% and came behind to Lee Hye-hoon and Ha Tae-keung (only Kim Young-woo was behind of Chung), in which elected Lee as the President while the others as Vice Presidents.
Following the resignation of Lee, he launched his another bid for the snap leadership election, but also came to 3rd and lost to Yoo Seong-min, and therefore remained as a Vice President.
Two days later, he was elected as the co-Presidents of the newly-formed Party of New Conservatives, along with Ha Tae-keung, Oh Shin-hwan, Yoo Ui-dong, and Ji Sang-wook.
Tyrese Momodu Fornah (born 11 September 1999) footballer who plays for Casa Pia on loan from Nottingham Forest, as a defensive midfielder.
Fornah is currently a member of the Nottingham Forest academy, after joining following his release from Brighton & Hove Albion in the summer of 2018.
He signed a contract with Forest on 11 December 2019 that would keep him at the club until the summer of 2022.
Fornah made his professional debut on 5 January 2020, appearing as a 69th-minute substitute during a 3rd round FA Cup game against Chelsea.
In 1935 six Tampa policemen were indicted for their alleged involvement in the kidnapping and torture or members of a political organization known as the Modern Democrats.
Sandra Starke (born 31 July 1993) is a Namibian-born German footballer who plays as a forward for Frauen-Bundesliga club SC Freiburg and the Germany women's national team.
Howard was signed by Fresno FC of the United Soccer League on April 13, 2018, for the remainder of the USL Season.
Howard made no USL Championship appearances during the 2019 season, however he started both US Open Cup matches for the club, a 1–0 win again El Farolito in San Francisco, and a 1–0 extra time loss against Sacramento Republic.
A new coronavirus, designated 2019-nCoV, was identified in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei, after people developed pneumonia without a clear cause and for which existing treatments were not effective.
The virus has shown evidence of human-to-human transmission, with its transmission rate escalating in mid-January 2020 and several countries across Europe, North America and especially the Asia-Pacific reporting cases.
Its incubation period is between 2 to 14 days, but there is evidence that it may still be contagious during this period and possibly for several days after recovery.
The first local transmission of the virus outside China occurred in Vietnam from a father to his son, whereas the first local transmission not involving family occurred in Germany, on 22 January, when a German man contracted the disease from a Chinese business visitor at a meeting near Munich.
In response, cities with a combined population over 57 million people, comprised Wuhan and 15 other cities in the surrounding Hubei, were placed on full or partial lockdown, involving the termination of all urban public transport and outward transport by train, air and long-distance buses.
Many New Year events and tourist attractions have been closed to prevent mass gatherings, including the Forbidden City in Beijing and traditional temple fairs.
Hong Kong also raised its infectious disease response level to the highest level and declared an emergency, closing its schools until March and cancelling its New Year celebrations.
Travelers who have visited Mainland China have been asked to monitor their health for at least two weeks and contact their healthcare provider to report any symptoms of the virus.
Anyone who suspects that they are carrying the virus are advised to wear a protective mask and seek medical advice by ringing a doctor rather than directly visiting a clinic in person.
Airports and train stations have implemented temperature checks, health declarations and information signage in an attempt to identify carriers of the virus.
The outbreak has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), explaining that its decision was based on the possible effects that the pathogen could have if it spreads to countries with weaker healthcare infrastructures.
Wuhan is the capital of Hubei and is the seventh-largest city in China, with a population of more than 11 million people.
Coronaviruses mainly circulate among other animals but have been known to evolve and infect humans as in the cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) together with four further coronaviruses that cause mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold.
Chinese scientists were able to quickly isolate a strain of the coronavirus and publish the genetic sequence so that laboratories across the world could independently develop PCR tests to detect infection by the virus.
Of the first 41 confirmed cases, two-thirds were found to have a link with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals.
Of the first 41 confirmed 2019-nCoV cases, the earliest reported symptoms occurred 1 December 2019, in a person who did not have any exposure to the market or to the remaining 40 affected people.
On 17 January, an Imperial College group in the United Kingdom published a report that there had been 1,723 cases (95% confidence interval, 427–4,471) with onset of symptoms by 12 January.
A Hong Kong University group has reached a similar conclusion as the earlier study, with additional detail on transport within China.
On 20 January, China reported a sharp rise in cases with nearly 140 new patients, including two people in Beijing and one in Shenzhen.
On 25 January, the number of laboratory-confirmed cases stood at 2,062, including 2,016 in Mainland China, seven in Thailand, six in Hong Kong, five in Macau, five in Australia, four in Malaysia, four in Singapore, three in France, three in Japan, three in South Korea, three in Taiwan, three in the United States, two in Vietnam, one in Nepal, and one in Sweden.
305 deaths have been attributed to the virus, with the first death outside of China occurring in the Philippines on 1 February.
Local human-to-human contamination has been confirmed in Vietnam, Japan, Germany, and the United States (specifically Chicago), but no active centers of propagation have been confirmed outside China so far.
Since around 23 January, an important effort, within China and abroad, is being led by the WHO and local governments to alert the population and set up measures preventing additional propagations of the virus.
On 30 January, citing 7,711 cases essentially in China and 83 cases abroad across 18 countries on 29 January, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
Based on cases reported and assuming a 10-day delay between infection and detection, researchers at Northeastern University and Imperial College London estimated that the number of actual infections may be 10 times higher than those confirmed at the time of reporting.
Imperial College estimated 4,000 cases with 440 confirmed by 21 January 2020, Northeastern University estimated 21,300 infections by 26 January, increasing to 26,200 infections by 27 January (with a confidence of 95% within the interval 19,200–34,800).
Many of those experiencing symptoms were told to self-quarantine at home instead of going to a hospital to avoid close contact with other patients with different levels of symptoms.
After 2 repatriation flights were conducted from Wuhan to Japan in late January, 5 out of approximately 400 persons repatriated were diagnosed with the virus, of whom 1 was symptomatic and 4 were not.
The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is estimated at 2 to 10 days by the World Health Organization and 2 to 14 days by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Among the first 41 confirmed cases admitted to hospitals in Wuhan, 13 (32%) individuals had another chronic condition, like diabetes or hypertension.
Many of those who died had other conditions such as advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease that impaired their immune systems.
Coronaviruses are primarily spread through air droplets expelled when an infected individual coughs or sneezes within a range of about to .
The spread of the virus between people has been variable, with some affected people not transmitting the virus to others while others have been able to spread the infection to several people.
An updated preprint paper published 23 January 2020 on bioRxiv from members of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention suggest that the 2019 novel coronavirus has possible bat origins, as their analysis shows that nCoV-2019 is 96% identical at the whole genome level to a bat coronavirus identified in 2013.
This claim has been widely disputed: some argued that the reservoir must be bats and the intermediate host, bird or mammal, not snakes (as snakes, unlike humans, are poikilotherms), while others used data on recombination and SARS/MERS codon usage bias refute the reasoning.
The seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that can infect humans, 2019-nCoV has been reported to have a genome sequence 75% to 80% identical to the SARS-CoV and to have more similarities to several bat coronaviruses.
describes a phylogenetic tree built from 15 available whole genome sequence of 2019-nCoV and 12 whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV and 12 highly similar whole genome sequences available in gene bank.
The phylogenetic tree showed that 2019.nCoV significantly clustered with a Bat SARS-like Coronavirus sequence, whereas structural analysis revealed mutations in Spike Glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein.
The authors concluded 2019-nCoV is a coronavirus distinct from SARS virus that probably was transmitted from bats or another host that provided the ability to infect humans.
The protocols to prevent infection vary depending on the likelihood of susceptible individuals making effective contact and general differences in medical philosophy between culture.
A significant number of countries have issued advisories warning against travel to either Mainland China, the province of Hubei, or just Wuhan.
Japanese people have been reported to wear surgical masks and spray themselves with air disinfectants in areas where foreigners are more likely to be found.
On 23 January 2020, a quarantine on travel in and out of Wuhan was imposed in an effort to stop the spread of the virus out of Wuhan.
Flights and trains in and out of Wuhan, public buses, the metro system and long-distances coaches were suspended until further notice.
Some posts on Weibo showed that as early as 12 January, hospitals in Wuhan were already overwhelmed with patients suffering from fever, many of them having to sleep on the floor.
Some were also highly critical of the reliability of the figures from the Chinese government as well as the government response, with some calling for quarantine, and post also showed sick people and three dead bodies covered in white sheets on the floor of a hospital on 24 January, although many such posts in Weibo about the epidemic have been deleted.
On 26 January, the city of Shantou in Guangdong declared a partial lockdown, though this was quickly reversed only two hours later.
This created chaos, as residents rushed to supermarkets to stock food as soon as the lockdown was declared, and the surge of stockpiling didn't come to an end until the authorities reversed their decision.
Shantou's Department for Outbreak Control later clarified, that they will not restrict travelling, and all they would do, is to sterilise vehicles used for transportation.
Local authorities of the capital Beijing and several other major cities, including Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen announced on 26 January, that these cities will not impose a lockdown similar to those in Hubei province.
A spokesperson of Beijing's Municipal Transportation Commission claimed, that the expressways and highways, as well as subways and buses are operating normally.
To ease the residents' panic, the Hangzhou city government stressed that the city will not be locked down from the outside world, and both cities said that they will introduce precautions against potential risks.
Due to the effective lockdown of public transport in Wuhan and Hubei, several countries have planned to evacuate their citizens and/or diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through chartered flights of the home nation that have been provided clearance by Chinese authorities.
Japan, the United States, France, Australia, Sri Lanka, Germany and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.
As of 1 February, United States, Japan, South Korea, Jordan, Britain, Singapore and Germany evacuated their citizens (including citizens from other EU countries).Bangladesh & Sri Lanka has safely reached back to Dhaka and Colombia respectively with the evacuees of the countries on the same day.Brazil, Czechia, India, Italy and Russia are considering similar measures.
Myanmar began repatriating 60 of their students from the vicinity of Wuhan.Vietnam permitted four exceptional flights to carry Wuhan passengers home in the period 24–27 January, and organised a flight to evacuate citizens and diplomats.
The New Zealand Government has also chartered a Boeing 777-200ER aircraft from the national carrier Air New Zealand to assist in evacuation efforts, subject to approval from Chinese officials.
On 29 January, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced plans to quarantine Australian citizens evacuated from Wuhan, including children and the elderly, for a period of 14 days on Christmas Island.
The decision to repatriate those citizens using controversial detention facilities formerly used to detain asylum seekers before they were shut down in 2018 has received criticism.
Controversially, the government plan also necessitates those evacuees to pay a fee of AU$1,000 and would drop them off in Perth after the quarantine period, where they would need to arrange their own transportation back to their home cities.
On 29 January, South Korea made last-minute preparations to airlift about 700 South Korean nationals out of Wuhan, including finalising logistical details with the Chinese Government.
South Korea officials prepared two planes with two sets of medical teams comprising about 20 doctors, nurses, and foreign ministry and quarantine officials for each team.
On 29 January, the Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU) prepared three aircraft including two Boeing 737 and one C-130 Hercules stationed in Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base, with a battalion of health experts to help evacuate Indonesian nationals and citizens from the city.
As of 29 January, the TNI-AU was waiting for instruction from the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and on standby for 24 hours in case the order was given.
On 1 February the evacuation for as many as 243 Indonesians will commence, and they will be quarantined in Natuna Regency for 14 days, the evacuation process is planned to take around 9 hours, the 42-man team will evacuate about 245 Indonesians.
The Indonesian government chartered Lion Air Group's Batik Air aircraft to evacuate around 200 Indonesian citizens from Hubei, China, including Wuhan City.
Of the original 245 Indonesians in Wuhan, 4 refused to leave Wuhan, and 3 failed to pass the screening test by the Chinese in China.
Then they went to Natuna using TNI-AU aircraft consist of one Boeing 737-200 Advanced (AL-7304) from Skadron Udara 5, one Boeing 737-400 (A-7306) from Skadron Udara 17, and one Lockheed C-130 (A-1315) from Skadron Udara 33.
On 30 January 92 Singaporeans were evacuated from Wuhan via a special Scoot flight, crewed by volunteers from the airline after co-ordination between Singapore and Chinese authorities facilitated the flights.
However, there are still some Singaporeans left behind as they display symptoms, and it made no sense to have them evacuated with the rest who may not be infected.
On 31 January, a British plane carrying 110 EU nationals (83 Britons and 27 others, not including military medics from the UK on board) left Wuhan, arriving at RAF Brize Norton in England.
The British passengers are quarantined at a segregated block of Arrowe Park Hospital on the Wirral; all passengers were tested before and during the flight, with none having the virus.
More Britons (up to 150) were supposed to be on the flight, which was planned to leave a day earlier; China initially declined permission, and then anyone who had a Chinese passport (including infants and a newborn to British parents) were told they could not leave.
Shortly before the flight left, this decision was reversed, but too late for people to get to the airport even though the plane was also delayed for several hours.
On 1 February morning, a chartered aeroplane departed from Thailand to Wuhan to evacuate 64 Thai nationals from the city led by Public Health Minister Anutin Charnvirakul.
On 1 February 2020, a German Air Force plane was denied a stopover in Moscow after its starting point in Wuhan, according to the German Minister of Defense.
On 1 February 2020, an advanced team of officers from the Malaysian Embassy in Beijing headed to Wuhan by road to rescue and evacuate their 120 citizens from the city and the surrounding areas.
On 2 February 2020, a French plane from Wuhan, carrying EU and some of the remaining British nationals, landed in Marseille.
It is however possible to attempt to relieve the symptoms of the coronavirus, which include taking regular (over-the-counter) flu medications, drinking fluids and resting.
On 26 January, a leading group on the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus outbreak was established, led by Premier Li Keqiang.
China Customs started to require all passengers entering and exiting China to fill in an extra health declaration form starting 26 January.
The health declaration form was mentioned in China's Frontier Health and Quarantine Law, granting the customs rights to require it if needed.
All schools ranging from kindergartens to universities in the whole of Hubei province will have their winter break prolonged and the exact date of the new semester will be announced later, according to a statement made on 24 January.
Education departments in Shanghai and Shenzhen also imposed bans on off-school tutoring and ask schools to track and report students who have been to Wuhan or Hubei province during the winter break.
Hong Kong's Chief Executive Carrie Lam declared an emergency at a press conference on 25 January, saying the government will close primary and secondary schools for two more weeks on top of the previously scheduled Lunar New Year holiday, pushing the date for school reopening to 17 February.
Macau closed several museums and libraries, and prolonged the Lunar New Year holiday break to 11 February for higher education institutions and 10 February for others.
The University of Macau said they will track the physical conditions of students who have been to Wuhan during the Lunar New Year break.
On 27 January, the General Office of the State Council of China, one of the top governing bodies of the People's Republic, officially declared a nation-wide extension on the Lunar New Year holiday and the postponement of the coming spring semester.
The Office extended the previously scheduled public holiday from 30 January to 2 February, while it said school openings for the spring semester will be announced in the future.
After the Chinese Lunar New Year on 25 January, there would be another peak of people travelling back from their hometowns to workplaces as a part of Chunyun.
The Civil Aviation Administration of China and the China State Railway Group, which regulates China's civil aviation and operates rail services, announced on 24 January that passengers could have full refunds for their plane and train tickets without any additional surcharges, regardless of whether their flight or train will go through Wuhan or not.
Prosecuting actions against patients who deliberately spread the infection or refuse examination or compulsory isolation along with threats of violence against medical personnel were also urged.
Notably, Chinese citizens have reportedly used innovative methods to avoid censorship and express anger about how government officials have handled the outbreak, such as using the word 'Trump' to refer to Xi Jinping, or 'Chernobyl' to refer to the outbreak as a whole.
Guidances and risk assessments were shortly posted by others including the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and Public Health England.
Based on information from the International Air Transport Association (2018), Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Taipei had the largest volume of travellers from Wuhan.
Using the validated tool, the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index (IDVI), to assess the ability to manage a disease threat, Bali was reported as least able in preparedness, while cities in Australia were considered most able.
As a result of the outbreak many countries including most the Schengen Area, Armenia, Australia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and the United States have imposed temporary entry bans on Chinese citizens or recent visitors to China, or have ceased issuing visas and reimposed visa requirements on Chinese citizens.
On 22 January 2020, North Korea closed its borders to international tourists to prevent the spread of the virus into the country.
Also on 22 January, the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) announced that it would be moving the matches in the third round of the 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament from Wuhan to Nanjing, affecting the women's national team squads from Australia, China PR, Chinese Taipei and Thailand.
A few days later, the AFC announced that together with Football Federation Australia they would be moving the matches to Sydney.
The Asia-Pacific Olympic boxing qualifiers, which were originally set to be held in Wuhan from 3–14 February, were also cancelled and moved to Amman, Jordan to be held between 3–11 March.
On 27 January 2020, the United States CDC issued updated travel guidance for China, recommending that travellers avoid all nonessential travel to all of the country.
On 29 January 2020, British Airways cancelled all their flights to mainland China as a reaction to the spread of the virus.
On 30 January 2020, Egyptair announced suspension of flights between Egypt and Hangzhou starting 1 February 2020 while those to Beijing and Guangzhou will be suspended starting 4 February 2020 until further notice.
On 1 February 2020, Qatar Airways took the decision to suspend flights to mainland China from 3 February until further notice, due to significant operational challenges caused by entry restrictions imposed by several countries.
Qatar Airways is the first carrier in the Middle East to do so, and an ongoing review of operations will be conducted weekly with the intention to reinstate the flights as soon as the restrictions are lifted.
Though some of the airlines cancelled flights to Hong Kong as well, British Airways, Finnair and Lufthansa have not, and American Airlines continues operating a limited service to the area.
Starting 2 February, all inbound passengers who have been to Hubei in the previous 14 days will be put under quarantine for up to 14 days.
Any U.S. Citizen who has travelled to the rest of mainland China will be allowed to continue their travel home if they are asymptomatic, but will be monitored by local health departments.
On 2 February 2020, India issued a travel advisory that warned all people residing in India to not travel to China, suspended E-visas from China, and further stated anyone who has traveled to China starting 15 Jan (to an indefinite point in the future) could be quarantined.
The humanitarian aid organisation Direct Relief, in co-ordination with FedEx transportation and logistics support, sent 200,000 face masks along with other personal protective equipment, including gloves and gowns, by emergency airlift to arrive in Wuhan Union Hospital, who requested the supplies by 30 January.
Peace Winds Japan has declared it will send a staff member to China to help distribute the face masks and other goods that the NGO will send to the country.
On 31 January 2020, Malaysia said it would donate 18 million medical gloves to China as announced by the Minister of Primary Industries Teresa Kok.
A speciality hospital named Huoshenshan Hospital has been under construction as a countermeasure against the outbreak and to better quarantine the patients.
On 24 January, Wuhan authorities specified its planning, saying they planned to have Huoshenshan Hospital built within six days of the announcement and it will be ready to use on 3 February.
The hospital is modelled after the , which was fabricated for the SARS outbreak of 2003, itself built in only seven days.
State media reported that there were 1,500 workers and nearly 300 units of construction machinery on the site at peak, and another backup team of 2,000 workers had already gathered.
Authorities announced plans for a second speciality hospital on 25 January which will be named Leishenshan Hospital, with a capacity of 1,600 beds; operations are scheduled to start by 6 February.
Some people voiced their concerns through social media services, saying the authorities' decision to build yet another hospital in such little time showed the severity of the outbreak could be a lot worse than expected.
On 24 January 2020, the authority announced that they would convert an empty building in Huangzhou District, Huanggang to a 1,000-bed hospital named Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre.
Works began the next day by 500 personnel and the building began accepting patients on 28 January 2020 at 10:30 pm.
The British Government and National Health Service have set up a Coronavirus isolation facility at Arrowe Park Hospital in The Wirral for British people coming back on a special flight from Wuhan.
On 30 January 2020, following confirmation of human-to-human transmission outside of China and the increase in number of cases in other countries, the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the sixth PHEIC since the measure was first invoked during the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
Local officials in Wuhan and the province of Hubei have faced criticism, both domestically and internationally, for mishandling the initial outbreak.
Allegations included insufficient medical supplies, lack of transparency to the press and censorship of social media during the initial weeks of the outbreak.
Criticism was directed at Hubei Governor Wang Xiaodong after he twice claimed at a press conference that 10.8 billion face masks were produced each year in the province.
Wuhan Police detained several Hong Kong media correspondents for over an hour when they were conducting interviews at Wuhan's Jinyintan Hospital on 14 January.
Reports said the police brought the correspondents to a police station, where the police checked their travel documents and belongings, then asked them to delete video footage taken in the hospital before releasing them.
Authorities in Wuhan and Hubei provinces have been criticised for downplaying the severity of the outbreak and responding slower than they could have.
The paper also argued that the time when their journalists visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market where the coronavirus likely originated, most residents and merchants there weren't even donning face masks.
He asserted that the decision of allowing such a banquet was made based on the fact that the scientists used to falsely believe that the ability of the virus to spread human-to-human was limited.
Meanwhile, on 20 January, Wuhan's municipal department for culture and tourism was giving out 200,000 tickets good for visiting all tourist attractions in Wuhan to its citizens for free, which was then criticised for disregarding the outbreak.
Notable in relation to the widespread criticism of the local response, the central government's response has been contrasted with praise for their reporting of the crisis by international experts, but also especially by state media.
This has led to suggestions that the tendency of provincial governments to minimise reporting local incidents have been because of the central governments directing the large proportion of the blame onto them.
The mayor of Wuhan, in particular, as response to those criticisms defended himself, referring to those suggestions by blaming regulatory requirements where local governments must first seek Beijing's approval which delayed disclosure of the epidemic.
Tang Zhihong, the chief of the health department in Huanggang, the city with the second most cases in Hubei after Wuhan, was fired hours after she was unable to answer questions on how many people in her city were being treated.
Misinformation included the spreading of conspiracy theories that the virus was a bio-weapon, a Population control scheme, or the result of a spy operation.
The Far-right news site Zero Hedge claimed that a scientist at the Wuhan Institute of Virology created the Wuhan coronavirus as a biological weapon.
A video circulated on the Internet featuring an alleged whistleblower, a woman named Jin Hui, who claims to be a nurse in Hubei province and describes the desperate situation in Wuhan.
The video attracted millions of views on various social media platforms but the BBC noted that unlike the English subtitles, the woman does not claim to be either a nurse or a doctor in the video and her uniform and mask does not match the type worn by medical staff in Hubei region.
Some media, including Daily Mail and RT, spread misinformation that the cause of the virus was people eating bats in Wuhan.
Wang said she has received death threats, and she states the video was not filmed in Wuhan but in Palau where fruit bats are part of the local cuisine.
Some conspiracy theorists, anti-vaxxers and alternative news media have alleged that the coronavirus was stolen from a Canadian virus research lab by Chinese scientists, citing a news article by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in July 2019.
Supporters of the QAnon conspiracy theorists movement and the anti-vax community also claimed the outbreak was a population control scheme created by Pirbright Institute in England, by comedian Sam Hyde, and by former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates.
Some have falsely claimed that the virus can be cured through treatment with chlorine dioxide;Facebook,Twitter and Google have announced that they will crack down on possible misinformation.
In China, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) has started developing vaccines against the novel coronavirus and is testing existing drug effectiveness for pneumonia.
Also, Hong Kong researcher Yuen Kwok-yung and his team in the University of Hong Kong announced that a new vaccine is developed, but needs to be tested on animals before conducting clinical tests on humans.
In Western countries, The United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH) is hoping for human trials of a vaccine by April 2020, and the Cambridge, Massachusetts–based Moderna is developing a mRNA vaccine with funding from CEPI.
The Norwegian Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is funding three vaccine projects and hopes to have a vaccine in trials by June 2020 and approved and ready in a year.
The epidemic coincided with the New Year, which marks a major festival season for the region and the busiest travel period in China.
A number of events involving large crowds were cancelled by national and regional governments, including the annual New Year festival in Hong Kong, with private companies also independently closing their shops and tourist attractions such as IKEA and Hong Kong Disneyland.
As Mainland China is a major economy and a manufacturing hub, the viral outbreak has been seen to pose a major destabilising threat to the global economy.
Agathe Demarais of the Economist Intelligence Unit has forecast that markets will remain volatile until a clearer image emerges on potential outcomes.
Some analysts have estimated that the economic fallout of the epidemic on global growth could surpass that of the SARS outbreak.
The travel sector has been hit hard by travel restrictions and fears of contagion, including a ban on both domestic and international tour groups.
Many airlines have either cancelled or greatly reduced flights to China and several travel advisories now warn against travel to China.
Overseas students enrolled at Chinese universities have been returning home over fears of being infected—the first cases to be reported by Nepal and Kerala, a southern state of India, were both of students who had returned home.
The viral epidemic has however placed doubt on the ability of the travel sector to withstand a prolonged period of downturn.
There has also been a renewed increase in protest activity as hostile sentiment against Mainland Chinese strengthens over fears of viral transmission from Mainland China, with many calling for the border ports to be closed and for all Mainland Chinese travellers to be refused entry.
Incidents have included a number of petrol bombs being thrown at police stations, homemade bombs exploding in toilets, and foreign objects being thrown onto transit rail tracks between Hong Kong and the Mainland Chinese border.
Political issues raised have included concerns that Mainland Chinese may prefer to travel to Hong Kong to seek free medical help (which has since been addressed by the Hong Kong government).
Since the outbreak of the virus, a significant number of products have been sold out across the city, including face masks and disinfectant products (such as alcohol and bleach).
An ongoing period of panic buying has also caused many stores to be cleared of non-medical products such as bottled water, vegetables and rice.
In view of the coronavirus outbreak, the Education Bureau closed all kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and special schools until 17 February.
Japan has been evacuating its citizens from Hubei province in China, three of whom were confirmed to be infected with the Wuhan virus and twelve of whom have been hospitalised.
The first domestic local transmission of the virus was confirmed on 28 January when a tourist bus driver in Nara Prefecture became infected despite having never been to China – a day later, the tour guide on the same tourist bus was also confirmed to be infected.
Another tour guide who was identified whilst in South Korea as being infected, unrelated to the previous tour guide reported as infected in Nara, is suspected to have contracted the virus whilst in Japan from another person who has also been confirmed infected.
Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley predicts that the economic fallout of the epidemic would be worse than that of SARS since tourism plays a larger part in the current Japanese economy.
Economic politician Yasutoshi Nishimura also warned that the viral epidemic could have a strong impact on the Japanese economy due to disruption of logistics and factory operations.
Japanese airlines have started suspending flights to China and JTB, the country's largest travel agency, has cancelled all tours to China.
Manufacturers, including Toyota, have halted all their production lines in Mainland China and Honda has evacuated all its staff from Wuhan.
Prime Minister Abe has considered using emergency funds to mitigate the outbreak's impact on tourism, of which Chinese nationals account for 40%.
S&P Global noted that the worst hit shares were from companies spanning travel, cosmetics and retail sectors which are most exposed to Chinese tourism.
There have been reports that face masks have been selling out across the nation and that there has been pressure placed on the healthcare system as demands for medical checkups increase.
Australian Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said that the country would be impacted by the events unfolding in Mainland China and that he would no longer be able to promise a budget surplus.
Economists have advised that the viral outbreak would have an impact on the economy of Singapore, but that it was too soon to provide a certain answer.
Singaporeans have been stocking up on face masks, themometers and sanitation products despite being advised against so by the Singaporean government.
Maybank economists had also rated Thailand as being most at risk, with the threat of the viral outbreak's impact on tourism has causing the Baht to fall to a seven-month low.
In Malaysia, economists predict the outbreak will affect the country's GDP, trade and investment flows, commodity prices and tourist arrivals with varying degrees.
India is highly dependent on trade across the Himalayas and the disruption in Mainland China could adversely impact the economy of India, especially the electronics and pharmaceutical industries, with the closure of Chinese ports having a knock-on effect on Indian logistic operations as well.
Silicon Valley has been fearing serious disruption to its production lines as much of the technology sector relies on factories in Mainland China.
Since there had been a scheduled holiday over Lunar New Year, the full effects of the outbreak on the tech sector aren't yet known for sure.
It lies to the south west of central Lancaster and east of the River Lune, and includes the hamlets of Aldcliffe and Stodday.
The parish did not exist at the time of the 2011 census, but in 2018 the parish had an estimated population of 509. the National Heritage List for England does not yet recognise the parish name in its database of listed buildings.
The crochet bikini or crocheted bikini is a knitted swimwear or bikini that has been worn since at least the 1970s.
A crochet bikini created by Brazilian street artist Maria Solange Ferrarini has been the center of several lawsuits that received international attention.
Turkish American entrepreneur Ipek Irgit took the idea of Ferrarini's crochet bikini during a visit to Brazil and claimed copyright on the design.
Actress Robin Byrd became known for wearing a crochet bikini during the 1970s, and the look became closely associated with her image.
She was taught to crochet at an early age and sewed out of economic necessity, which she sold on the beach in Trancoso, Brazil.
In April 2018, Kiini filed a federal lawsuit in the Southern District of New York, against Neiman Marcus, alleging unfair competition.
A month later, Kiini amended its lawsuit against Neiman Marcus to explicitly add PilyQ, Bloomingdales, Lord & Taylor, Macy’s and other retailers as defendants.
Following the lawsuit, Jason Forge, the husband of one of PilyQ's owners, sought out Brazilian street artist Maria Solange Ferrarini, to negotiate a licensing deal for her crochet bikini designs.
Under the terms of the deal, Ferrarini was paid about $5,100 in 2018, and will earn an annual licensing fee of $7,700 in 2019.
, Neiman Marcus, Target and other retailers continue to sell their own versions of crochet bikinis, while Irgit's lawsuits against them, and Ferrarini's lawsuit against Irgit, continue to work their way through the courts.
The 1981 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Park City Mountain Resort in Park City, Utah as part of the 28th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate slalom skiing, and cross country skiing in the United States.
Utah, coached by Pat Miller, claimed their first team national championship, finishing 11 points ahead of defending champions Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
En-Neyah made his professional debut on 5 January 2020, appearing as a 81st-minute substitute during a 3rd round FA Cup game against Chelsea.
It is currently one of two bus terminals in the Araneta City business district that link Metro Manila with the provinces in the north and south of the country, including cities in the Visayas and Mindanao via the Philippine Nautical Highway System.
It was built in 2017 as the modern alternative to, and eventual replacement for, the adjacent Araneta City Bus Terminal, the oldest integrated bus terminal in Metro Manila, in operation since 1993.
The Araneta City Bus Port is located along General Romulo Avenue on the eastern side of Araneta City within the barangay of Socorro, Quezon City.
It occupies the ground level of Manhattan Heights, a four-tower residential condominium complex that is part of the , 18-tower highrise community developed by Megaworld Corporation called Manhattan Garden City.
The bus station is situated in the district of Cubao, a densely populated area north of Ortigas Center in east-central Metro Manila that has the highest density of bus terminals in the entire Manila metropolitan area.
In 2004, to make way for the construction of the Manhattan Heights condominium complex, the Araneta Center bus station was relocated to the old Rustan's building on Times Square Avenue built in 1974, after the department store transferred to its new home at the then newly opened Gateway Mall.
The old terminal is expected to be torn down in the future to make way for the construction of the Manhattan Plaza, the final highrise development of the Manhattan Garden City project.
The modern busport at Manhattan Heights was inaugurated as the Araneta Center Bus Port in March 2017 with Vice President Leni Robredo in attendance.
Following the issuance of the Metro Manila Council regulation prohibiting the operation of all provincial bus terminals along EDSA in order to ease traffic congestion in Manila's main artery, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority announced that the Araneta bus terminal shall be exempt from the ban.
Beverly Jean Wildung Harrison (1932–2012) was an American Presbyterian feminist theologian whose work was foundational for the field of feminist Christian ethics.
After graduating in 1954, she continued her education at Union Theological Seminary in New York City, where she earned a Master of Religious Education degree and her Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1975.
After serving as an assistant campus chaplain at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1960s, she returned to Union Theological Seminary in 1966 to join the faculty as an instructor.
Brzoska studied musicology in Marburg and Berlin with Reinhold Brinkmann, Sieghart Döhring and Carl Dahlhaus and French philology with Hermann Hofer.
From 1981 to 1986 he was an assistant lecturer at the Berlin University of the Arts, and received his doctorate in 1986 at the Technical University Berlin with a dissertation on Franz Schreker.
He is a visiting professor in Greek Archaeology at Ghent University, a guest researcher and adviser at Leiden University, and an associate member of the sub-faculty of Near and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Oxford.
Kelder is a member of the Board of Luwian Studies, and serves as a member of the advisory committee of the Dutch Art and Heritage council, the Mondriaan Fonds.
He has been the recipient of various prestigious fellowships, including a fellowship from the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation and a Guest Scholarship at the J. Paul Getty Museum.
Solidarity was a political party created in the lead-up to the 1984 South African general election, which determined the makeup of the first House of Delegates, the body within the Apartheid Tricameral Parliament reserved for Indian South Africans.
Solidarity appealed more to South Africans with Southern Indian roots, while Amichand Rajbansi's National People's Party appealed more to those with a North Indian heritage.
The election of 1984 was marked by boycotts, as many Coloured and Indian South Africans saw the tricameral system as a means to entrench Apartheid.
Despite having been formed less than a year before the election, Solidarity contested all 40 constituencies in the House of Delegates.
There were suggestions at the time that Solidarity was somehow initiated by the government, as Prime Minister P. W. Botha preferred Dr. Reddy to the leadership of the National People's Party, a claim which was made more credible by the fact that some of the party leaders, including Reddy, had been members of government institutions, for example the President's Council.
Another reason was that Solidarity was able to afford to spend more than its opponents on propaganda, although Solidarity claimed that this was all funded by personal contributions.
Despite winning most of the seats in the Natal province in the 1984 election, Solidarity was not able to win enough seats in the other provinces, and formed the opposition to the National People's Party.
Instead, the parties agreed on a coalition, with two Solidarity members (JN Reddy and Ismail Kathrada) appointed to the Minister's Council.
The coalition only lasted a few months, however, and dissolved, partly due to differences between the parties, but also because the Speaker of the House ruled that Solidarity could not be the official opposition while its leader served on the Council.
In 1988, Rajbansi was removed from his position as chairman of the Minister's Council due to corruption, based on the preliminary findings of the James Commission of inquiry, and Reddy assumed this position in March 1989.
In the 1989 South African general election in September, Solidarity was able to win 19 of the 45 seats (40 elected and 5 appointed).
This result established it as the governing party in the House, motivating independents and members of smaller parties to join Solidarity and giving it a majority position.
In 1991, Rajbansi briefly regained a majority in the House after a successful vote of no confidence in Reddy, but this was soon overturned, allowing Reddy to retain leadership of the House.
In 1991, it was expected that conservative parties such as Solidarity would align themselves with the National Party, but Reddy denied rumours that the Solidarity leadership was discussing plans to join the National Party.
On 8 August 1999 a tribute to Les Ballets Nègres was staged at the Royal Festival Hall in London's Southbank Centre.
The Temple of Cybele is a Hellenistic temple in Balchik, Bulgaria, which was discovered in 2007, during construction work on a new hotel when an excavator fell on a rectangular antique building.
The Balchik temple is the best preserved Hellenistic temple in Bulgaria, with findings being compared in significance to those of the ancient Pompeii complex, because Cybele is the only known Phrygian deity, the patron saint of Ancient Rome, under whose care his centuries-old battle with Carthage was won.
Alexander the Great was trying to build a monotheistic cult around Cybele, and theologians believe that it is this pagan goddess who belongs to the image of the Mary, mother of Jesus.
It is considered to be one of the most significant anthropological archaeological finds in Bulgaria, comparable to the nearby Varna necropolis where the oldest gold artifact was discovered.
The majority of the statues and other artifacts from the temple form part of the collection at the Balchik Museum of History.
Meghan Montgomery (born November 6, 1981) is a Canadian Paralympic rower who competes in international events in the mixed coxed four, she is born with a congenital disability in her right hand.
The 2020 New Zealand Sevens was the third tournament within the 2019–20 World Rugby Sevens Series and the twenty first edition of the New Zealand Sevens.
This event was the first in the series to only have one team from each pool qualify to the cup knockout phase.
The sixteen teams were drawn into four pools of four teams, with each team playing every other team in their pool once.
The top team from each pool advanced to the semifinals to playoff for berths in the cup final and third place match.
The teams that finished second in their respective pool will play another team from another pool whom finished second, however, it will be ranked as the best second placed team v. the second best second placed team and vice versa.
This is the first tournament of the 2019–20 season that the format was changed to a four team cup knockout phase.
The DSBN Academy, less formally known as The Academy is a public high school and middle school (grades 6-12) in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
The DSBN Academy accepts students from anywhere in the Niagara Region; The school's program is designed to provide additional academic support for students from low-income backgrounds in order to help them be prepared for post-secondary education.
The DSBN Academy was founded in 2010 and opened its doors in September 2011, offering classes at grades six and seven.
The original building it occupied was the former Empire High School in Welland, Ontario but, in 2013, relocated to the previous West Park Secondary School in St. Catharines.
It is located on Ohio State Route 788 between Jackson and Wellston, at the intersection of Fairgreens Road (County Road 78), at .
It was located about a half mile away from the Petrea Station though, and over a number of ridges, so it was inaccessible to the railroad.
Resek agvaniyot, or resek, , also known as grated tomato, or grated tomatoes, is an Israeli condiment made with tomatoes that is traditionally served with malawach, jachnun, bourekas, kubaneh, and other dishes.
Resek agvaniyot originated in the Yemenite Jewish community several hundred years ago, following the introduction of tomatoes to their cuisine, and as part of their traditional Shabbat morning meals.
It is somewhat similar to a salsa or a tomato puree, except it is never cooked and it always has a very fine, smooth consistency.
Resek is a common condiment in Israel, and has been prepared by the Yemenite Jews for centuries, who traditionally pair it with zhoug and haminados (slow cooked eggs) and serve it with kubaneh, malawach, and jachnun as part of their Shabbat morning breakfast.
With the arrival of Yemenite Jews to Israel seeking refuge after a series of pogroms, and their later expulsion from Yemen; it has since become a popular dish across Israeli society.
Resek is commonly paired with a number of other dishes in both Yemenite Jewish, and non-Yemenite dining establishments across the nation such as bourekas, challah, falafel and pita.
The origins of the song's title comes from a note Markwick wrote in her diary about a year before the song was recorded.
Esther 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter relates how a sleepless Ahasuerus had his court annals read aloud and discovered that he had failed to reward Mordecai for passing on the information about the assassination plot.
The episode leads to 'a marvellously ironic scene' (), as the narrative 'moves inexorably to its ultimate reversal', starting with Haman leading a king's horse carrying Mordecai, clothed in royal garb through the streets of Susa, and proclaiming the king's favor for Mordecai.
Haman went home exhibiting mourning behavior and his wife predicted that Haman's intent to destroy Mordecai would end up with the opposite result.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
), so he asked the Royal Chronicles to be read aloud (by chance containing Mordecai's benefaction to the king) and found out that, by chance, Mordecai had not been rewarded.
Any courtier of the king could have given advice, but ironically it is Haman who gave it and also who had to perform the bestowing of the honor he actually desired for himself to Mordecai.
The king unintentionally destroys Haman by hiding the name of the person he wants to honor, in an irony to the fact that Haman intentionally hid from the king the name of the people he wants to destroy ().
Haman's desire to wear the king's clothes and ride on the king horse shows the psychology of an outsider who longed, but never really believed he was able, to be an insider of Persian royalty.
This is also shown by how thrilled Haman was to be invited to a private banquet with the king and queen (, ).
This section articulates the significant turning point of the story with the prediction concerning the downfall of Haman, the hereditary enemy of the Jews, and the deliverance of the Jews.
Zeresh's response is based on the fact that Mordecai is Jewish, conveying a powerful notion underlying the whole book—that the Jews will ultimately survive.
The Launière Lake is a freshwater body crossed by the Launière River in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The area around the lake is indirectly served by the route 175 which passes at on the east side and runs along the west shore of Jacques-Cartier Lake.
The surface of Lac Launière is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake sunk between the mountains is made in length by more or less marrying the shape of the letter L.
Lac Launière receives the discharge from Lac La Giroflée on the east side and the discharge from Lac Frazie on the west side.
Then the current follows the course of the Jacques-Cartier River for generally south to the northeast bank of the St. Lawrence river.
According to Isaïe Nantais, this toponym recalls a family of gamekeepers who lived for many years at the lake at Christmas, that is, southeast of the mouth of Lac Launière.
The 5th Bosnian Corps () was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II.
It was first created on 11 May 1943 as the 2nd Bosnian Corps from the 1st Bosnian Corps, together with the 5th Division.
Virtually all units of the 1st Bosnian Corps were transferred to the 2nd Bosnian Corps including the 4th, 10th and 11th Krajina divisions for a total of around 7,500 soldiers.
Its adversary, the German 369th, 373rd, 114th and 7th SS divisions, together with NDH forces and local Chetniks had over 160,000 soldiers.
It kept fighting in Bosnia, carried out the Banja Luka operation, and in May 1944 helped resist the German Seventh Offensive around Drvar.
In the last phase of the war the 5th Corps participated in the Sarajevo Operation attacking north of the city to cut off the escape routes of the German garrison.
But elements of the Corps were able to enter liberated Sarajevo, together with the other partisan formations of the 2nd and 3rd Corps.
It was opened on 15 October 2006 as part of the extension of Line 3 from El Valle to La Rinconada, but the intermediate stations were only opened on 9 January 2010.
Tottenham is a historic estate in Wiltshire, England, centred on Tottenham House, a large Grade I listed country house in the parish of Great Bedwyn, about 5 miles southeast of the town of Marlborough.
The site of the house was part of the much larger Savernake Forest, and was under the control of the Esturmy family.
The original house was probably built by Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford in about 1575, when it was known as Totnam Lodge.
In 1675 the estate passed to Lady Elizabeth Seymour, who married Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, passing the house to the Bruce family.
In 1721 Elizabeth Seymour's son and heir, Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury, rebuilt Totnam Lodge to the design of his brother-in-law the pioneering Palladian architect Lord Burlington, and parts of the grounds, including the kitchen garden, were laid out by Capability Brown from 1764 to c 1770.
The house underwent a number of further rebuilds, and the current house, containing more than one hundred rooms, mostly dates from the 1820s, having then been remodelled by Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury.
It incorporates parts of the earlier houses on the site which were built by the Seymour family formerly of nearby Wulfhall, about one mile to the south.
It was then leased for 150 years to a Florida based consortium with the intention of creating a luxury hotel and golfing centre, but the consortium went bankrupt in 2008.
In 2014, the house was sold for £11.25m to an undisclosed buyer who plans to turn it back into a private home.
Sir William Esturmy (c. 1356 – 1427)) was a Speaker of the House of Commons, a Knight of the Shire and an hereditary Warden of the royal forest of Savernake Forest.
He held the post of hereditary warden of Savernake Forest from 1381 to 1417 and from 1420 until his death in 1427.
He served as knight of the shire for Hampshire in 1384 and again in 1390, and also eight times for Wiltshire and twice for Devon between then and 1422.
He married Joan Crawthorne, the widow of Sir John Beaumont of Shirwell and Saunton in North Devon, by whom he had no male progeny, only two daughters and co-heiresses including Maud Esturmy, wife of Roger II Seymour (c.1367/70-1420), feudal barony of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset, by whom she had a son John Seymour (died 1464).
One of the heirs of the St Maur/Zouche family was the Bampfield family of Poltimore in Devon (later Baron Poltimore) which inherited the Devon manor of North Molton from the Zouche family.
), a daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Esturmy (died 1427), of Wolfhall in Wiltshire, Speaker of the House of Commons and hereditary Warden of Savernake Forest in Wiltshire.
He served as Member of Parliament for Ludgershall in 1422 and Knight of the Shire for Wiltshire in 1435, 1439, and 1445 He was also High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1431–1432, having previously served as High Sheriff of Hampshire.
His first wife was Elizabeth Darrell (born c. 1451), daughter of Sir George Darrell (died c. 1474) of Littlecote, Wiltshire, by his wife Margaret Stourton (born c. 1433), a daughter of John Stourton, 1st Baron Stourton, and of Margery or Marjory Wadham, daughter of the Justice of the Common Pleas, Sir John Wadham of Merryfield and Edge.
Sir John Seymour (1474–1536), eldest son from 1st marriage, knighted in 1497 after the Battle of Deptford Bridge, the father of Queen Jane Seymour (1508–1537), 3rd wife of King Henry VIII.
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, KG, (c. 1500 – 1552), eldest son and heir, uncle of King Edward VI (1547–1553) and Lord Protector of England (1547–9).
in 1536 on his sister's marriage to King Henry VIII, he was created Viscount Beauchamp of Hache and in 1537 was created by the same king Earl of Hertford.
He received his dukedom together with the subsidiary title Baron Seymour on the accession of his nephew to the throne in 1547.
The Duke was executed in 1552 for felony on the order of his nephew King Edward VI, and was attainted by Parliament shortly thereafter when all his titles were forfeited.
It was probably Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (1539–1621), son and heir of the 1st Duke, of nearby Wulfhall, who in about 1575 built the first house, known as Totnam Lodge, and enclosed its surrounding land to form a deer park.
The Seymours were hereditary Wardens of Savernake Forest, which office together with most of their Wiltshire estates had been inherited by marriage to the daughter and heiress of Sir William Esturmy (died 1427), of Wulfhall, Speaker of the House of Commons and hereditary Warden of the royal forest of Savernake.
William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1587–1660), grandson, inherited the estates on the death of his grandfather the 1st Earl, his father having predeceased the latter.
He inherited at the age of 8 and died aged 19 when his heir became his uncle John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset (1629–1675).
However, the heir to his estates in Hampshire, namely Netley Abbey (where the 1st Earl had died) and Hound, was his sister Elizabeth Seymour, wife of Thomas Bruce, 2nd earl of Ailesbury, which were soon sold in 1676 to the Marquess of Worcester.
He did not live long to enjoy his new house and died in 1675, aged 46, only three years after having started the rebuilding.
The 4th Duke of Somerset was childless, and faced with the Dukedom passing by law to his first cousin once removed and heir male the 5th Duke, who was seated at Marlborough Castle in Wiltshire, he bequeathed the unentailed Seymour estates to his niece Elizabeth Seymour, the wife of Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury (1656–1741), and thus the Seymour estates passed to the Bruce family.
Elizabeth Seymour's son and heir was Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury (died 1747), of Houghton House in the parish of Maulden, in Bedfordshire, who in 1721 rebuilt Totnam Lodge to the design of his brother-in-law the pioneering Palladian architect Lord Burlington.
The 3rd Earl added wings to Burlington's block in the 1730s, and also built in 1743 a Banqueting House in the park to the design of Burlington (demolished in 1824).
In 1746, one year before the death of the 3rd Earl, who had no son, it was apparent that on his death the Earldom of Ailesbury would become extinct and his other Earldom of Elgin would pass to a distant cousin and heir male.
Thomas Brudenell (1739–1814), 4th son of George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan (1685–1732) by his wife Elizabeth Bruce, to whom he also bequeathed his estates with the proviso that he should adopt the additional surname of Bruce, thus having created a new noble family bearing doubly the Bruce name, to continue the custodianship of the Seymour lands.
On the 3rd Earl's death in 1747 his 8 year old nephew Thomas Brudenell duly became Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 2nd Baron Bruce of Tottenham, having inheited the barony, the estates and the Wardenship of Savernake Forest.
The site of Tottenham House was known by 1200 as Tottenham Wood, a part of the much larger Savernake Forest, and was under the control of the Esturmy family.
It was probably Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (1539–1621), son and heir of the 1st Duke, of nearby Wulfhall, who in about 1575 built the first house, known as Totnam Lodge, and enclosed its surrounding land to form a deer park.
The 4th Duke of Somerset bequeathed the unentailed Seymour estates to his niece Elizabeth Seymour, the wife of Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury (1656–1741), passing the Seymour estates to the Bruce family.
In 1721 Elizabeth Seymour's son and heir, Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury, rebuilt Totnam Lodge to the design of his brother-in-law the pioneering Palladian architect Lord Burlington.
The 3rd Earl added wings to Burlington's block in the 1730s, and also built in 1743 a Banqueting House in the park to the design of Burlington (demolished in 1824).
It was then leased for ten years to the Amber Foundation, a charity which helps unemployed troubled young people to rebuild their lives, but its work there ended due to cuts in government support.
In 1966, the house was designated as Grade I listed, while the small octagonal folly building (c. 1720) in the deer park, and the stable block (1819) were designated Grade II*.
In 2006 the house, with its 50-horse stable block, outbuildings and some farmland, was leased for 150 years to a consortium of Golf Club Investment Holdings, Conduit Investments, and (as Operator) the Buena Vista Hospitality Group of Orlando, Florida, with the intention of creating a luxury hotel, conference, spa, and golfing centre.
Full Planning Permission was obtained, with the co-operation of the local Planning Authority and English Heritage, and an investment in the project of £50 million was announced.
In 2014, the trustees sold the house and 800 acres for £11.25m to an undisclosed buyer (believed to be Conservative Party donor and multi-millionaire property developer Jamie Ritblat) after overcoming a legal challenge from the Earl of Cardigan.
He is due to benefit from the sale proceeds and will still own jointly with the trustees 3,700 acres, mainly woodland, in Savernake Forest.
The series uses the previous Formula Renault 1.6 chassis and engines, as it used to go under the name of Formula Renault 1.6 Nordic before Renault Sport dropped its support for the 3.5 and 1.6 classes in late 2015.
The season began on 4 May at Ring Knutstorp and concluded on 22 September at Mantorp Park after six double-header rounds.
The season started on 4 May at Ring Knutstorp and finished on 22 September at Mantorp Park after six double-header rounds.
Five of the six rounds supported STCC, the exception being the first Rudskogen round which was co-headlined alongside Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia, another STCC supporting series.
Parallel to the main championship, two other championships are held: the Formula STCC Junior Svenskt Mästerskap (JSM) for drivers under 26 years old holding a Swedish driver license, and the Formula STCC Northern European Zone (NEZ) championship at selected rounds.
Points to this last championship are awarded using the same system, with the sole exception of pole position and fastest lap not awarding points.
St. Paul's Bibliographies was a publishing company founded by Robert S. Cross (1925-2011) in 1979 in Winchester, England that specialized in bibliographical works and book history more generally.
In 1997 St. Paul's Bibliographies was purchased by Oak Knoll Press who continued many of its series under its own publishing imprint.
St. Paul's Bibliographies published a wide variety of books, many of their publications were issued in the context of several series including the Winchester Bibliographies of Twentieth-Century Writers, the Publishing Pathways Series, and the Print Network Series.
St. Paul's Bibliographies published this series in the UK between 1988 and 2000, Earlier editions in the series were published by Oxford Polytechnic Press and later volumes in the series were published by the British Library.
Shanti Deep Nepal organised the first Manmohan Memorial National One-Day Cup in January 2019 as one of the premier 50-over domestic cricket tournaments in Nepal, alongside the Prime Minister One Day Cup..
The success of the production, which starred Clare Perkins, Martha Plimpton, Osy Ikhile and Parick Gibson, resulted in it transferring to the Gielgud Theatre in 2019.
Her production of Richard II was the first ever all women of colour company performing a Shakespeare play on a UK stage.
She hopes to make the theatre more welcoming to traditionally minoritized groups, including people of colour and those from working class backgrounds.
Riding the Sunset Trail is a 1941 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Robert Emmett Tansey and Frances Kavanaugh.
The 1982 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Whiteface Ski Resort in Lake Placid, New York as part of the 29th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Colorado, coached by Tim Hinderman, claimed their eleventh team national championship, 24.5 points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum Mangalore, Karnataka, Collection of archaeological and geological artifacts, a unit of Directorate of Archaeology & Museums Karnataka was founded in 4 May 1960 by Sri B.D Jatti, the chief minister of Karnataka Government.
He was a medical officer at Lahore during the Second World War, in the British Indian Army, The museum was his living house designed and constructed in a nearly same blueprint of the building structures of Milan, Italy in the year 1935, and it looks like ship.
Later the house was donated to the government of Karnataka in 1955 with all the collection of antiques and contemporary masterpieces during his trips within and outside India.
It has a collection of antiquities and historical collections representing the culture and lifestyle of olden days civilization and arts and crafts.
The exhibition covers traditional attire, contemporary scenes, portraits, nature of both oil and water painting by various identified and unidentified artists.
He had collected a huge variety of handicrafts from India and also from China, Nepal, Czechoslovakia, Africa, Denmark, Persia, Germany, Japan, Turkey, Brittan, Italy, Tibet, Russia, Venice, Paris, & London.
Wooden furniture, glass panels, silver & ivory objects, shells, cigar boxes, a variety of lighters, wooden objects, glass materials, metal objects, etc.
Gandhiji photo gallery exhibits his collections of Gandhiji’s rare photographs, It reflects the life cycle of Gandhiji from birth until the end of the journey.
Life in Africa, rally, non-co-operation movement, Dandi March, Satyagraha, Photos depicting Gandhi with Nehru, Jinnah, Kasturba, Rabindranath Tagore, Subhash Chandra Bose, Sardar Patel, Lord Mount Batten & other historic figures of our nation.
Outer premises cover hero stone, Maha Sati Kallu of Tulunadu, Tulu, Kannada inscriptions, statues of soldiers, Jaina, serpent-nagastones and Cannons collected from Jamlabad Fort, Belthangady which are belongings made between 14th to 16th century AD.
She became known for her participation in the second season of the best singer-songwriter in the Netherlands in 2013, where she had to beat Michael Prins in the final.
In 2013 she was also on the stage of the North Sea Jazz Festival in Rotterdam, with Seasick Steve attending her performance.
He later asks her, among other things, as a supervisor in Rotterdam, and sings a duet with her on the shelves of TivoliVredenburg in Utrecht.
Morning Sun was recorded by producer Chris Taylor (Elle King, Miranda Lambert, The Wood Brothers) at the Southern Ground Studios in Nashville.
Bombogor inscription is an inscription erected in 8th century in honour of a Basmyl princess (Qunčuy) who might have been married into the Karluks.
Teresa Bolaños de Zarco (October 9, 1922 - December 24 , 1998) was a Salvadoran-born Guatemalan journalist, writer, and businesswoman who fought for freedom of the press and for the rights of Soviet Jews.
She served as President of the People's Health League (1957-70); Voluntary and Municipal Fire Brigades fundraising campaign (1971-72); Press Freedom Commission (1996); and Guatemalan Chamber of Journalism (1986-87; 1991-92).
The scripted comedy series follows a queer Black woman in her twenties, Hattie (Jonica T. Gibbs), and her two straight best friends, Marie (Christina Elmore) and Nia (Gabrielle Graham), as they try to find their footing in life, love, and the professional world in Los Angeles.
Lena Waithe wrote the series when she was in her twenties, based on her experience of Los Angeles when she first moved there.
Waithe asked Susan Fales-Hill to help her produce the series, which was initially in talks to be produced by BET, then landed at Hulu, before being picked up by BET again.
An estimated 200,000 people attended the march as it paraded down O'Connell Street before stopped outside the General Post Office, the headquarters of the 1916 Easter Rising leaders.
The then Irish president Éamon de Valera took the salute with an estimated 900 veterans of the Easter Rising by his side.
The Garden of Remembrance in Parnell Square was opened by the President and later in the day Raidio Éireann presented a live commemorative concert that was held live at the Gaiety Theatre.
The coin was designed by Thomas Humphrey Paget and was valued at 10 shillings, therefore having the highest value coin in the pre-decimal system.
Thomas King (probably before 166017 July 1725) was an English (after the Acts of Union 1707, British) professional soldier, lieutenant governor of Sheerness, Kent, and Member of Parliament for Queenborough, in Kent.
In 1678, he was commissioned as ensign in the 3rd Regiment of Foot, and was in 1687 promoted to second lieutenant.
In 1688, he transferred to the 13th Foot with the rank of captain, and in the same year to the 2nd Foot Guards with the rank of captain and later lieutenant-colonel.
He was elected MP for Queenborough nine times: at a by-election in 1696, and at general elections in 1698, January and November 1701, 1702 and 1705; he did not stand in 1708; but was elected in 1710, 1713 and 1715.
However, Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney (1641-1704), colonel of the 1st Foot Guards, wanted to secure the seat for King, who was lieutenant-colonel in his own regiment.
Rooke was accompanied by four members of the Navy Board, Edmund Dummer, Sir Richard Haddock, Dennis Lyddell and Charles Sergison, and by the Commissioner of Chatham, Sir Edmund Gregory, who was responsible for Sheerness Dockyard; but neither their presence nor the expenditure by Rooke of £200 could persuade King to withdraw.
Rooke thought of standing against King, and then petitioning the House of Commons for redress should King be elected; a scheme flawed by the fact that Rooke too had, by his own admission, been illegally 'treating' the voters.
In another line of attack, James Vernon (1646–1727) was sure that King's superiors could be persuaded to order him to stand down.
In 1697, nine of the electors (including Sir John Banks (1627-1699; MP for Queenborough 1690-1695), James Herbert (1660-1704; MP for Queenborough 1689-1690) and Gerard Gore) were disfranchised for non-residence and for failure to attend to corporation business.
Crawford's support in Parliament in 1705 of the Tackers left him vulnerable, and he was defeated in that year's general election by Sir John Jennings (1664-1743), a Navy officer, in a vicious campaign marked by the beating to death of a Scotsman who had campaigned against Crawford.
Herbert raised a similar complaint after the 1713 election, in which he had been defeated by Charles Fotherby, another Navy officer; but he too got nowhere.
It is located between Jackson and Oak Hill near the intersection of Clay Banner Road and Franklin Valley Road, at .
Rattler was ruled ineligible for the rest of his senior high school season on October 23, 2018 for violating a district code of conduct policy.
Nawan Punjab Party is a Political party in Punjab established by Dharamvir Gandhi the then Member of Parliament from Patiala Constituency on 11 March 2019.
However party lost from this constituency and Dharamvir Gandhi stood at third place and got 1,61,645 votes and 13.72% vote share from this constituency.
A majority of Yale's games were played at the St. Nicholas Rink as it was one of the few available locations where consistent ice could be secured.
The agency's creation was announced by Scott Morrison, the Prime Minister of Australia on 5 January 2020 during the 2019–20 bushfire season and following some of the worst effects of the fires during that season.
The agency is intended to provide help and support to people who have lost their homes and businesses as a result of the fires.
Route 72, also known as Port de Grave Road, is a short east-west highway on the Port de Grave Peninsula of Newfoundland.
It heads east to pass through Coley's Point and Black Duck Pond to enter Bareneed, where it has an intersection with Otterbury Road.
The highway now passes through downtown Hussey's Cove and Ship Cove before winding its way through hilly terrain as it bypasses Blow Me Down to the north.
Route 72 now passes through Hibb's Cove and curves to the south to enter Pick Eyes, where it comes to a dead end in a neighborhood along the coast.
Marcel Lychau Hansen (born October 2, 1965), better known as the Amager Man, is a Danish serial rapist and twice-convicted murderer who was sentenced to life imprisonment for one robbery and one murder by a jury in the Copenhagen City Court on December 22, 2011.
Hansen has also been convicted of six rapes, one of them being a quadruple rape, committed from February 16, 1987 to September 25, 2010.
In the 1980s, Marcel Hansen worked in the furniture moving business for the company 3x34, and until his arrest, for approximately 12 years he worked as a janitor for the Scandinavian Airlines at Copenhagen Airport.
In addition, he was an active football player in the Sundy Ball Club, and was an active football coach for FC Amager and lastly AB Tårnby, from where he resigned a day prior to his arrest.
After the murder, he stole her jewelry and money, leaving behind a lit candle as well as four open gas taps in the kitchen, in an attempt to blow up the apartment.
At the Copenhagen City Court on December 22, 2011, he was convicted of the murder, and also of attempted arson that could endanger other people's lives.
On August 29, 1990, the 40-year-old schoolteacher Lene Buchardt Rasmussen was riding home to her apartment in Peter Sabroesgade, in Copenhagen's southwest quarter.
On September 3rd, the police helicopter found her bicycle, left by a tree in Fasanskoven, and later that day, Rasmussen's body was found.
The case had stalled for a long time, as DNA evidence from semen found on the victim couldn't be matched to a perpetrator.
On November 1, 2010, police reported that the man who had murdered Lene Rasmussen is the same person who committed two rapes in 2005 and 2010, as the DNA from the three crime scenes matched.
On October 19, 1995, he broke into a villa in Amager, where he raped two 14-year-old girls, another 15-year-old and a 23-year-old woman.
Some of the jewelry was later found to be in possession of Hansen's elder son, during a December 2011 search and seizure.
On May 3, 2005, he broke into a dorm room at the Amager College near Ørestad, where he raped a 24-year-old woman for two hours, forcing the victim to wear a blindfold under the threat of a knife.
Lychau Hansen was indicted for the rape after DNA traces were found on the milk carton, as well as handprints on the right doorlock of the victim's bathroom door.
On July 22, 2007, a 47-year-old woman was pulled into a green area at the Vangede Church, near Gentofte, during which Hansen took off her belt and wrapped it around her neck, while forcing her into oral sex.
Lychau Hansen was charged with the rape, but due to a lack of DNA evidence and material, he was acquitted of this charge by the Copenhagen City Court.
On September 25, 2010, a 17-year-old was threatened with a knife, assaulted and raped orally at an allotment garden in Amager.
Police later found that the DNA was identical to the one found on the milk carton in the 2005 rape, as well as that on the Lene Rasmussen's body in 1990.
Marcel Hansen was arrested on November 12, 2010 at 3:23 PM at his Valby residence, charged with the two rapes and the Rasmussen murder.
The next day, he was given a constitutional hearing in the Copenhagen City Court, where he remanded in custody until December 8th.
Marcel Hansen remained in Vestre Prison for some time, before being transferred to Herstedvester Prison in June 2012, but on July 23rd of that year, he was forcefully moved to the State Prison of East Jutland.
The reason for this was the belief that he would escape, and his refusal of some of the prison's offers, such as therapy, psychologists and psychiatric assistance.
On December 15, 2011, it became known to police that Hansen had smuggled letters with his own semen from Vestre Prison, where he was being held in custody.
His son's girlfriend delivered four letters, as well as a clipped tip from a rubber glove with the son's own semen, to the North Jutland Police in Frederikssund.
Marcel had sent a total of eight letters to his son with semen, salive and hair wrapped in rubber nappies, instructing the son to assault a random woman and put the delivered material on the body.
According to him, this would apparently prove that there was another person with the corrensponding DNA to his own, making his sentence invalid.
He was not given an additional sentence, as he is already serving the highest possible sentence in Danish law, but the ruling may become relevant if he is ever to be put on parole.
Boye was born on 4 May 1856 at i Tinning in Foldby Parish, Jutland, the son of farmer Søren Christiansen (Smed) and Ellen Laursdatter.
Sanjeev Pandey (born: 22 April 1974)is an Indian actor who appears in tv serials like Porus (TV series) and Sasural Simar Ka.
He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Kagwad 4 times consecutively before getting defeated from Shrimant Patil twice in 2018 and 2019.
He contested from Kagwad in 1999 as an Independent candidate and was defeated by Pasagouda Urf Popat Appagoda Patil of Indian National Congress.
He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Kagwad for the first time in the 2000 Karnataka Legislative Assembly By-election as Janata Dal (United) candidate.
The women's 200 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 27 and 28 August 1989.
He participated in the coup of Kutayfat, which in 1130–1131 briefly overthrew the Fatimid dynasty, serving as gaoler of the future caliph al-Hafiz.
Under al-Hafiz he rose to the powerful position of chamberlain, and emerged as the leader of the Muslim opposition during the vizierate of the Christian Bahram al-Armani in 1135–1137, when he served as governor of Ascalon and the western Nile Delta.
His tenure lasted two years and five months, and was marked by a reorganization of the government and by a persecution of Christian officials, who were replaced by Muslims, as well as by the introduction of restrictions on Christians and Jews.
Ridwan also planned to depose al-Hafiz and the Fatimid dynasty in favour of a Sunni regime headed by himself, but the Caliph raised the army and the people of Cairo against him, forcing him to flee his post in June 1139.
Ridwan once again raised his followers into revolt, and managed to enter Cairo, but was assassinated shortly after by soldiers of the Caliph's bodyguard.
By the time of Kutayfat's anti-Fatimid coup in October 1130, he was considered as one of the most prominent of military commanders.
When the Armenian Bahram became vizier in 1135, Ridwan emerged as the leader of the Muslim reaction to Bahram's pro-Christian policies.
Bahram tried to dispose of him by sending him to govern Ascalon in May 1135, but there Ridwan busied himself with blocking the Armenian immigration, earning plaudits from the Muslim street of Cairo.
As a result, Bahram recalled him in November 1136 and sent him to govern his own former province at Gharbiyya (the western Nile Delta).
On 3 February, the Armenian vizier fled Cairo with 2,000 Armenian soldiers, making for Qus, where his brother Vasak was governor.
After plundering the city, Bahram made for Aswan on the southern border of the Fatimid realm, but the local governor barred his gates to him, and Bahram was forced to retreat to Akhmim.
Ridwan's appointment thus marks the culmination of a process that made the Fatimid viziers into sultans, just as the Seljuk rulers had been vis-à-vis the Abbasid caliphs since the time of Tughril.
Restrictive and discriminatory sumptuary laws and regulations were introduced for Christians and Jews, requiring them to wear specific clothes, prohibiting them from riding horses, dismount when passing by a mosque, etc.
Ridwan also continued correspondence with the Burids, particularly Shams al-Dawla Muhammad of Baalbek, for a common front against the Crusaders, but also possibly with the aim of using the Sunni Syrians to unseat the Fatimid dynasty.
Ridwan intended to emulate Kutayfat, who had used the vizierate as a means to depose the dynasty and ruled Egypt himself before his assassination by Fatimid loyalists, in order to depose the Fatimid dynasty outright and install a Sunni regime in Egypt under his leadership.
Their answers were fairly predictable: Ibn Abi Kamil argued that the claim to the imamate by al-Hafiz and his ancestors was false, Ibn Salama supported the Caliph, and Ibn Awf took a more cautious stance and advised that the deposition should be handled in accordance with religious law.
Ridwan began arresting and executing members of the Caliph's entourage, while al-Hafiz demonstratively recalled Bahram from exile and allowed him to settle in the palace.
Ridwan in turn appeared in public on the Eid al-Fitr on 31 May wearing a robe in a style normally reserved for monarchs.
Matters came to a head on 8 June, as al-Hafiz, enthroned atop the Golden Gate of the palace, engaged in a heated exchange with Ridwan below.
The vizier then ordered the palaces surrounded by troops, and brought forth one of the Caliph's sons, aiming to place him on the throne.
He crossed the Nile to Giza and quickly rallied followers, including Bedouin, regular soldiers, and Luwata Berbers from the Western Desert.
With this army he marched once more on Cairo, defeated the Caliph's troops at the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, and pursued them into the city itself.
Al-Hafiz barred the gates of the palace, but pretended to be cooperative, and even sent some money when Ridwan asked for it to pay his men.
When Ridwan rose to his saddle to see what the commotion was about, they attacked and killed him and his brother.
This was a deliberate attempt to reverse the progressive transformation of the vizierate into a sultanate: unlike the viziers, these secretaries were civilian bureaucrats, often non-Muslim, and utterly dependent on the Caliph.
The Pago Aylés branch uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago Aylés winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2003, and geographically it lies within the extent of the Cariñena DOP.
Along with the Vino de Pago appellation, the winery sells wines under the Cariñena DOP appellation as Bodega Aylés Demba wines.
Yale did not play any team from the Pittsburgh area for the first time since 1898 due to the collapse of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League.
Yale entered the final game of its season with the opportunity to win the intercollegiate championship, however, Harvard once again stymied the Elis.
The team did not have a coach, however, Charles Goodyear II (the son of business magnate Charles W. Goodyear) served as team manager.
According to his own claims, during his criminal career he committed at least 140 rapes, of which more than 40 were proven in court.
A native Muscovite, in his own words, from the age of 7 to 12, Kosarev was subjected to depraved actions by another man who dressed him in women's clothing and used him for sexual games.
The first rape he committed was at age 18, for which he was sent for involuntary commitment to the psychiatric hospital No.
He usually stalked his victims—teenage girls—on the street, followed them into the building, where, in the elevator, he threatened them with a knife before subsequently raping and robbing them.
Kosarev's criminal activity peaked in the fall of 1995, when up to three similar attacks on children occurred each day in the capital.
In one case, the rapist found five children—two boys and three girls—in an elevator, where he raped all three girls, threatening them with a knife and forcing the boys to have with them.
In another instance, he raped a young mother in front of a small child, forcing it to observe the entire process.
His wife at the time did not suspect him of any such crimes, and considered him to be a romantic, gallant man.
On October 31, 1995, Kosarev was detained on Arbat Street while trying to sell stolen goods, including a camera taken from one of the victims 4 hours before his arrest.
Although he admitted to around 137 rapes, the court could only prove around 40 instances, as many of his victims refused to cooperate with the investigators.
In March 1997, the court sentenced him to 15 years imprisonment, of which 10 he served in a standard prison, and the other 5 in a maximum security prison.
Pretending to be blind, he followed the girl into an elevator, where, with the threat of a knife, he forced the girl to go to the last floor, where he raped her.
After that, Kosarev forced the girl to drink the contents of a syringe that he had brought with him - a mixture of phenazepam and diphenhydramine - and drink it with vodka.
In the area of house number 160, on Tsentralnaya Street, he noticed two girls (17 and 18, respectively), both 11th-grade students of the local high school.
Kosarev inflicted at least three blows with the handle and blade of the knife on the head and hand of one girl, and the other - nine on the head, hand and body.
After that, the offender took gold jewelry from his victims - a chain, rings with precious stones, a pendant and earrings, as well as two mobile phones, raping one the girls again before finally fleeing the scene.
When the search for the rapist in Serpukhov began, an investigator from the city's prosecutor's office appealed to the investigative department to inquire about a similar offender, active in Moscow in the mid-1990s.
On October 18, 2012, the Moscow Oblast Court sentenced Oleg Kosarev to 20 years imprisonment, with the first 12 years to be spent in a standard, and the final 8 in a corrective labor colony.
After Kosarev's capture in 1995, attacks with similar modus operandi continued to take place in Moscow, by a criminal who dressed the same way and physically resembled Kosarev.
Even before Kosarev's capture, it was known that there were two differet criminals, due to the fact that the rapes occurred in different parts of the city simultaneously.
The police even suggested that the rapists could be twin brothers, and therefore sent inquiries to psychiatric hospitals to monitor any twin brothers with paraphilias, but no results came from it.
He named about 50 addresses where he claimed to have committed rapes and robberies, but in court he only managed to prove 23 of them.
He invited teenager boys to his house, plowed them with alcohol, and when they fell into unconsciousness, committed depraved acts on them.
Tug USS Navajo (AT-64), towing gasoline barge YOG-42, was sunk by Japanese submarine I-39, 150 miles east of Espiritu Santo on September 12, 1943.
Sometime the next year, she was intentionally beached on the north coast of Lanai, Hawaiian Islands, where she can be seen to this day.
The United States Navy has recommended the wreck of YOGN-42 for protected status in the National Register of Historic Places for cultural preservation as a Lanai tourist attraction.
Yale was one of the strongest teams in college hockey, stopping fellow collegiate team from scoring in five of their eight games.
Yale pushed the Crimson into overtime in their final game but Harvard managed to win its seventh consecutive match against the Bulldogs.
Nathan Prentice Avery (March 13, 1869 – April 12, 1947), was an American lawyer, politician, the twentieth mayor of Holyoke, Massachusetts, a delegate for the First Congressional District to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917–1918, and the longest serving president of the Massachusetts Bar Association.
Additionally he held the longest tenure in the office of mayor up until that time, a record he would keep until the second administration of Henry J. Toepfert in the 1940s.
Avery, present in many facets of civic life, was an advocate for an improved water shed management program through the Holyoke Water Works, writing about the importance of forest conservation in the New York Tribune in 1909.
In his later years he remained an active member of the school board for more than a decade, was elected to the Massachusetts Bar for an unprecedented third term in 1935, and in 1939 was appointed by Governor Leverett Saltonstall to serve on the Judicial Commission of Massachusetts.
Gut Me Like An Animal is the debut extended play (EP) by English singer-songwriter duo IDER, released on 31 March 2017 through Aesop.
He is known for his roles in films such as No One Killed Jessica, Shaitan, NH10, Lust Stories, and the Indian TV series 24.
He has acted in several prominent plays such as Nadir Khan’s A Few Good Men and Hamlet — The Clown Prince by Rajat Kapoor.
The women's 400 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 25, 26, and 27 August 1989.
The 2020 South American Under-20 Women's Football Championship is the 9th edition of the South American Under-20 Women's Football Championship (), the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONMEBOL for the women's under-20 national teams of South America.
The top two teams of the tournament qualified for the 2020 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Costa Rica and Panama as the CONMEBOL representatives.
The Rivière du Milieu is a tributary of the Launière River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, at Canada.
Secondary forest roads serve the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities, in particular the forest road R0320 which runs on the north side of lakes Maigre and Valois and crosses the Middle River upstream of Lake Maigre.
The surface of the Middle River (except the rapids areas) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
From the confluence of the two outlets from the emissaries of Lake Warbonne, the course of the Rivière du Milieu descends on , with a drop of .
From there, the current over towards the south-east in a deep valley and forming a small curve towards the north-east to go around a mountain, until its mouth.
Then the current follows the course of the Jacques-Cartier River on , to the northwest shore of the Saint-Laurent river, at Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier.
She published her first song at age 15 or 16, and became one of the most popular female songwriters of her generation, known especially for flower-themed songs.
Parcours Ignace-Bourget can be played for free and is open year-round, but holes 6 and 7 are not available during the winter months.
As one of the home courses of the Association Disc Golf Montreal (ADGM) together with Parcours Île Charron, the course hosted the unsanctioned Championnat ADGM in 2009.
Gladys de la Lastra (Penonomé, 6 March 1932 - Panama City, 28 September 2005) was a drummer, composer and musician from Panama.
Religious and nationalist themes were found throughout her work and she was a member of the Trade Union of Art Workers of Panama (SITAP).
De la Lastra composed over 200 songs during her career, as well as anthems for the University of Panama and for the Centenary of the Republic of Panama.
The Gladys de la Lastra Festival has been held annually since 2013 in Penonomé and is dedicated to the work of the singer.
It had a trainshed on the east side and a goods yard which was on both sides of the approaching line.
All the Freckles in the World (Spanish: Todas las pecas del mundo) is a 2019 Mexican coming-of-age romantic comedy film produced by Filmadora and Panorama Global.
It received neutral reviews, and did fairly well in the box office, peaking at #8 in Mexico during the week of 29 September.
In 1994, José Miguel moves to Mexico City and goes to a new school in the peak of World Cup fever.
There, he falls in love with Cristina, but in order to be with her, he has to break up her current relationship with Kenji Matarazzo.
José bakes a cake for Cristina for her birthday; however, when José's dad shows up the day before and eats the cake, José's mom gives him money to buy something for her from the bakery.
However, when José rejects her advances and says that he still likes Cristina, they decide to stay friends and act like it didn't happen.
They make a bet that whoever wins the final in the tournament would keep Cristina and the other would never talk to her again; however, they lose miserably at the final.
After the game, when José insists Kenji cheated, Kenji tells José to meet him after school where they will fight for Cristina.
After school, Cristina tells José not to fight, but when he says he has to fight for her honor, she pleads to Kenji to go easy on him since he's just a freshman.
With the move to Netflix, new versions in different languages were recorded, such as English, Brazilian Portuguese, and a Spanish audio description for visually impaired listeners.
He states that it is a film that will greatly help the Mexican film industry by steadily moving away from romantic comedies that bet on obscenities in order to arouse a hidden morbidity within the public.
Prior to becoming an executive, he played college football as a wide receiver at Youngstown State University before spending some time in the National, Arena, and Canadian Football Leagues.
The son of former San Diego Chargers general manager A. J. Smith, Kyle Smith was born in Warwick, Rhode Island on October 15, 1984.
Smith grew in the Buffalo metropolitan area as his father was an scout with the Buffalo Bills during the 1980s and 1990s, later attending and playing wide receiver for Saint Francis High School.
He finished his high school career as the team's leader in career receiving yards (1,904), career receptions (132) and single-season catches (56).
Smith also played basketball and ran track and field for the school, winning a title as a part of the 4 × 400 metres relay team.
As a junior in 2004, he was selected as the team's most outstanding offensive player, and was named the team's MVP, as well as an All-Gateway Football Conference honorable mention, as a senior the following year.
Smith was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Minnesota Vikings in 2006, but was released prior to training camp.
He later signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in January 2007, where they reassigned him to the Berlin Thunder of NFL Europe.
He later spent some time with the Georgia Force and Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League in 2008, and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League in 2009.
Smith was promoted to director of college scouting in June 2017, where he had major influence in the team's NFL Draft selections during the late 2010s.
Smith was further promoted to vice president of player personnel in January 2020, which made him the highest-ranking member of the team's personnel department in evaluating both collegiate and professional players.
During the 1940s discontent with commercial media, especially radio, was widespread in the United States with the chief complaints centering on media monopolies, advertising and lack of local accountability.
Advanced by the contemporary civil rights and antiwar movements, broadcasting reform efforts of the 1960s were undertaken by various organizations at the local and national level including the American Council for Better Broadcasts (ACBB), Action for Children's Television (ACT), Citizens Communication Center (CCC), National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting (NCBB) and the Office of Communications of the United Church of Christ (UCC).
American media has developed through policy confrontations between commercial industry representatives, grassroots activists and regulators in Washington D.C. about both the design and purpose of media institutions.
The Communications Act of 1934 combined earlier regulatory provisions governing broadcasting and telecommunications; many of its terms closely approximated the Calvin Coolidge era Radio Act of 1927 that had emerged from a period of industry pressure during the four National Radio Conferences between 1922 and 1925.
The Radio Act had fallen into a state of obsolescence due to its perceived failure to address contemporary concerns about network dominance and commercial advertising.
The 1934 Act did not change these earlier provisions, which were not seen as a threat to industry interests, but it broadened their scope to encompass telephone and telegraph.
Against the backdrop of a post New Deal rightward political shift in the 1940s, public criticism of radio broadcasting in the United States was intense.
Broadcasting was still in its infancy during those years and the outcome of early policy disputes helped shaped the media landscape.
Listener councils were founded in Cleveland, Columbus, central Wisconsin, northern California and New York City with the goal of representing members at public hearings before the FCC or during license renewal proceedings.
The radio spectrum was viewed by some as a public resource rather than a primarily commercial one and there were various efforts to insert political messages into commercial broadcasts.
Prior to 1966 the FCC did not allow members of the public to be represented at administrative licensing proceedings, until the DC circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the FCC was required to allow citizen participation in these proceedings.
The reform movement has directed significant efforts to the meaning of the public interest standard seeking to include within that standard the rights of audiences, and public access and participation, but reformer attempts to redefine the fundamental purpose of broadcasting has been hampered by the public policy commitment to maintain a private, commercial and network oriented broadcasting industry.
She moved to London to study dance full-time as a teenager, studying ballet under Judith Espinosa and ballroom dancing from Josephine Bradley.
She moved the academy to 122A St Stephen's Green West in 1940, with a later subsidiary school, the Studio Stella Ballroom in Rathmines.
When 122 St Stephen's Green was demolished in 1974, Burchill taught in the Rathmines and Rathgar Musical Society hall among other venues.
Until 1973, she gave dancing recitals every second year in Dublin, first in the Theatre Royal and then in the Gaiety Theatre.
Burchill was an adjudicator at ballroom dancing competitions across Britain and Europe, including the International Ballroom Dancing Championships in the Albert Hall, London in 1963.
A native of Barron, Wisconsin, Sawyer played college football at Winona State, lettering for four years as a linebacker and punter.
It is based on the site of a former Augustinian monastery in the medieval upper town its entrance is the next-door cloister of the church of Santi Jacopo e Filippo.
Sited in the monastery's former refectory, the first room houses 13th to 16th century paintings and two early 15th century fresco fragments.
Three small rooms contain goldwork, mostly from San Lazzaro a Lucardo, a pieve of Certaldo, the most important pieve in the ecclesiastical deanery.
The connecting door to what is now Room V was installed on the complex's conversion to a museum - previously the only access was the now-closed door onto piazza SS.
The room was previously dedicated to the Petrognano Crucifix (also known as the San Donnino Crucifix), which has now been moved to the church of Santi Jacopo e Filippo.
Since 24 August 2018 it has instead housed paintings, sculptures and prints from the Villa Bardi in Linari, a district of Barberino Val d'Elsa.
Appropriate to West's position in the Paris community, his barn is a large example of the Paris barn type in a variant with one side lean-to.
Major-General Sir William Douglas of Bonjedward and Timpendean, KCH  (8 Sep 1770 -  14 Apr 1834) was a Scottish Army officer.
The son of Archibald Douglas, 10th of Timpendean and of Bonjedward, and his wife Helen Bennett, William Douglas is descended from the daughter of William, 1st Earl of Douglas and thereafter through 12 generations of father to son.
He entered the army in 1786, as ensign in the 1st Battalion of the 1st of Foot; and was appointed Lieutenant in 1789.
He served in Ireland during the whole of the rebellion, and was afterwards appointed to the Staff there in the capacity of Assistant-Quartermaster-General.
In 1805, in command of the 98th Regiment, which he had helped form,  he served with the regiment in Nova Scotia, Canada, Bermuda, and on the coast of America.
General Sir John Coape Sherbrooke,  commander of the British forces in the Atlantic provinces, led an expedition into the long-disputed borderland between Passamaquoddy Bay and the Penobscot River, which he renamed the colony of New Ireland.
Sherbrooke led an expeditionary force that August which successfully landed at Castine and proceeded to subdue the entire region between the Penobscot and the St Croix.
It was Lieut.-Colonel Douglas, with part of the army which first landed, which took possession of the fort and town of Castine.
In 1810, he married Marianne Tattersall, with whom he had several children (7 or 9, depending on sources), including a son born in Cork in 1817.
He was succeeded by his son, Major George Douglas, 12th of Timpendean who was later to sell the estate in 1843.
Accused of killing a bullock whilst posted to Alderney, and on denying it, George was subsequently tried and convicted on his 30th Birthday in 1849 for conduct unbecoming an officer.
Along with the Trinity Carol Roll, with which it shares five contemporaneous carols and texts (for example the Agincourt Carol), it is one of the main sources for 15th century English carols, and like the Trinity Roll contains the music as the well as the texts.
Prior to his ownership, it is recorded in the collection of Bishop John Alcock (1430—1500) who was Bishop of Worcester and later Ely.
Timothy Glover concludes that while it was created at a monastery, the two secular drinking songs at the end of the manuscript suggests it was unlikely to have been used in a liturgical setting.
The 'burdens', a type of refrain performed at the beginning of the song and between verses, are the earliest example of a carol manuscript explicitly directing what it now known as a 'chorus'.
The incorporation of Latin phrases from the liturgy of the Catholic Church feature in many of the burdens – as all church services were conducted in Latin, even non-speakers would have been familiar with their meaning.
Marjorie Crawford and Jack Crawford successfully defended their title by defeating Meryl O'Hara Wood and Jiro Sato 6–8, 8–6, 6–3 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1932 Australian Championships.
This match was scheduled to be the sole Final for Friday, 12 February but - because of falling light - remain unfinished that day with the score at one set all.
The U Sports women's volleyball championship is an annual tournament that features the top eight women's volleyball teams from among competing Canadian universities in U Sports.
The championship trophy, first awarded in 1977, features a two-wheeled oxcart, symbolizing the pioneer era on the Red River in Manitoba.
The 2019 champions are the UBC Thunderbirds, who have also won the most championships with a total of 12, including six in a row from 2008 to 2013.
In 1969, the Canadian Women’s Interuniversity Athletic Union (CWIAU) was formed (a pre-cursor to today's U Sports organization) to provide a regulatory body for national competition.
While full historical championship results are not readily available, the championship was initially a round-robin tournament where the teams with the best records would then play for the championship.
The championship currently consists of an eight-team tournament, with champions from each of the four conferences, one host, an additional OUA team, and two additional Canada West teams.
While the berths for the conference champions and host remain consistent year-to-year, the other three invitees can change based on the host's conference and the competitive landscape in U Sports.
Teams are ranked by a committee as well as by the ELO ranking used to determine weekly Top 10 rankings nationally.
The team ranked 1st plays the 8th ranked team, 2nd plays 7th, 3rd plays 6th, and 4th plays 5th in the quarter-finals.
To ensure common rest times, teams are not re-seeded after the first round, so the winner of 1v8 plays the winner of 4v5 and the winner of 2v7 plays the winner of 3v6.
Prior to 1983, there were no third place finishes, and the second place finish was the loser of the championship game.
Crawford attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where she was competed on their women's wheelchair basketball team and was named to the second team All-Tournament.
District 14 is located at the base of the state's Eastern Panhandle, covering all of Barbour, Hardy, Preston, Taylor, and Tucker Counties, as well as parts of Grant, Mineral, and Monongalia Counties.
It overlaps with the 47th, 48th, 49th, 51st, 52nd, 53rd, 54th, 55th, and 56th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
Catharina Verplanck, otherwise known as Callyntje Verplanck, Catalina Verplanck, or Catharina Schuyler (February 1639-8 October 1708) was the daughter of Verplanck family progenitor and land developer Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck and wife of David Pieterse Schuyler who was a progenitor of the Schuyler family.
The first Isaac lived and died in 1641, and his younger brother was born 10 years after his death in 1651 and lived to 1729.
Their children included Myndert Schuyler, who was Mayor of Albany and David Davidse Schuyler who was a fur trader as well as a Mayor of Albany.
It was formed in December 2018 following the end of the constitutional crisis and ended in November 2019 following the election of Sirisena's replacement Gotabaya Rajapaksa.
The CIO's initial leadership included: Philip Murray of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC); Sidney Hillman of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers; Harvey Fremming of the Oil Field, Gas Well & Refinery Workers; and Charles P. Howard of the Typographical Union.
Lewis had already assembled several maritime union leaders: Joseph Curran of the insurgent East Coast seamen (National Maritime Union; Captain E. T. Pinchin of the Masters, Mates & Pilots of America; Vincent Malone of the Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers Association; and President Mervyn Rathborne of the American Radio Telegraphists.
In mid-July 1939, hearings were taking place in a US Immigration office on Angel Island, California, for the deportation of Bridges.
Newspapers covered the story (with Milner mentioned) from all over the United States: Honolulu, Hawaii; Paterson, New Jersey; Eugene, Oregon Marshall, Michigan; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Phoenix, Arizona; Hackensack, New Jersey; and Santa Cruz, California.
The Smith Act led in turn to the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders, which lasted from 1949 to 1958.
Luis Eduardo Parra Rivero (born 7 July 1978) is a Venezuelan politician who is in a dispute with Juan Guaidó over who is the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela based on a vote on 5 January 2020, which has international implications: Juan Guaidó's claim as acting President of Venezuela is based on being President of the National Assembly of Venezuela.
On 1 December, the website Armando.info published an investigation reporting that nine parliamentaries mediated in favor of two businessmen linked with the government.
Parra was accused of being involved in corruption with the Local Committees for Supply and Production (CLAP) program of the Nicolás Maduro government.
After the investigation was published, the deputies Parra, José Brito, Conrado Pérez and José Gregorio Noriega were suspended and expelled from their parties Justice First and Popular Will.
Parra, Brito and Pérez objected to their expulsion and filed a case before Venezuela's Supreme Tribunal of Justice, in which they petitioned the court to have their party membership reinstated.
On January 5, 2020, the 2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election took place to determine who would be the President of the National Assembly.
On the morning of the election, Parra announced his candidacy to the presidency of the National Assembly by surprise, against the incumbent president Juan Guaidó.
Parra–who was previously barred from access to the legislative chambers–was granted access to the legislative palace while others of the opposition (to Maduro) were blocked at the entrance.
A separate session was carried out outside parliament where 100 of the 167 deputies re-elected Juan Guaidó as president of the parliament.
Ruling party deputy Pedro Carreño told AFP that the vote took place with 150 deputies present and that Parra received the simple majority of 84 needed to win.
In 2019, nearly 60 countries recognized Guaidó as the Acting President of Venezuela, and these countries potentially face the question of recognizing his successor and their government over Maduro.
The Russian Foreign Ministry said that the election contributes to the return of the intra-Venezuelan political struggle to the constitutional field that will find a peaceful exit to the ongoing crisis.
Opposition deputies denounced that Russia looked after supporting Parra to improve its businesses in Venezuela, including to increase the Russian shareholder participation in oil contracts and other mining consessions that need the approval of the National Assembly and that it would not have with Guaidó.
The sanctioned have their assets in the US frozen and are not allowed to do business with US financial markets nor with US citizens.
The list also includes the other members of Parra's appointed board of directors: Franklyn Duarte, José Goyo Noriega and Negal Morales.
Freya Coombe is an English football coach and former player who is currently the head coach of Sky Blue FC of the National Women's Soccer League.
Oru Rathri Oru Pakal (A night, a day) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam film written and directed by award-winning cinematographer Prathap Joseph,whose previous films as cinematographer include , Sexy Durga, and Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani?.
Oru Rathri Oru Pakal, his fourth film as a cinematographer-director, is set and filmed in Shoranur and stars Yamuna Chungappalli and Mari in the lead roles.
Prathap Joseph's film is not to be confused with another Malayalam film with precisely the same title, directed by Thomas Benjamin and starring Joju George, Lena, Nadhiya Moidu, Shanthi Krishna, Renji Panicker and Anarkali Marikar.By a strange coincidence, both films started shooting at approximately the same time.
This indie film was produced by Minimal Cinema in association with House of Illusions, lead by Prathap Joseph and Dalton, respectively.
The film had its Indian premiere in Dec 2019 at the 3rd edition of the Kazhcha-Niv Independent Film Festival (KNIFF), the rebel festival that runs parallel to the International Film Festival of Kerala.
Prior to the screenings, the filmmaker and seven others had moved the High Court against the latter festival for irregularities in the official selection process.
The film has also been selected in the Panchajanyam International Film festival, the International Film Festival of Trichur, the Yashwant International Film festival, and the Orange City International Film Festival.
Ingrid R. G Waldron is a Canadian social scientist who is an associate professor of Nursing and Medical Sociologist at Dalhousie University.
She moved to the United Kingdom for her graduate studies, earning a Master's degree in Intercultural Education: Race, Ethnicity and Culture at the UCL Institute of Education.
In 2003 she was awarded a Ontario Women’s Health Scholars Award to conduct research at the University of Toronto Centre for Women's Health.
Waldron studies the impact of discrimination on the physical and mental health of African Nova Scotians, Miꞌkmaq and refugee communities in Canada.
ENRICH uses community engagement, multi-disciplinary partnerships, training and government consultations to support local people in addressing the health effects associated with environmental racism.
She has identified that black women feel that white doctors and mental health practitioners do not understand how racism impacts their lived experience.
Contrary to narratives provided by early histories, evidence indicates that Maha Manikya was the founder of the kingdom, having established dominance over neighbouring tribes in the early 15th century.
Here, he is described as the son of Mukut Manikya, himself the son of the dynasty's supposed founder, Ratna Manikya I, a descendant of the mythological Lunar dynasty.
Upon ascending the throne, Maha is said to have proved himself a virtuous ruler and distinguished scholar, with no mention of any military engagements during his reign.
Numismatic evidence proves that Maha could not have been the son of Mukut, given that the latter had only begun his rule in 1489.
It is believed that Chhengthung Fa (later Maha Manikya) was a Tripuri chief who had established the Tripura kingdom in the early 15th century by subjugating neighbouring tribes, namely the Kukis, Jamatias and Reangs among others.
This was possible due to the Tripuri having the largest tribal population as well as its inhabitancy of the productive and fertile valleys bordering Bengal, lying between Sylhet and Chittagong.
These events are believed to have occurred around the time that Raja Ganesha had established temporary sovereignty over Bengal, when the influence of its Sultan was weak.
When he learned that a large army was dispatched against him, Chhengthung Fa was prepared to sue for peace but was prevented from doing so by his queen, Tripura Sundari.
She declared submission to be an act of cowardice and convinced her husband to fight, taking command of the soldiers herself and leading them to victory over Bengal.
However, due to the similarity between the coins of Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah and that of a later Tripura ruler, it has been suggested that some part (or perhaps temporarily, the entirety) of the kingdom had submitted to Bengal during Maha's reign, though this is disputed among historians.
Maha died in 1431 and following a brief struggle among his children and generals, he was succeeded by his eldest son Dharma Manikya I.
Watcharin Nuengprakaew (; born 4 July 1995) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Thai League 1 club Chiangrai United.
Fatoot samneh () is an Israeli dish of Yemenite Jewish origin, consisting of pieces of pita that have been fried in clarified butter and combined with beaten egg, that is commonly served as a breakfast or dinner dish, and is traditionally topped with honey.
It is somewhat similar to the Jewish matzah brei or the Mexican-American migas, which are made with matzo, and corn tortillas, respectively; whereas fatoot samneh is made with pita bread.
Fatoot samneh originated as a way for the Yemenite Jewish community to use and repurpose stale pita bread that would have otherwise been discarded.
Over time fatoot samneh became a popular, and traditional dish among the Yemenite Jews as both a way to use up stale pita bread that was past its prime, as well as a popular breakfast or dinner dish.
Fatoot samneh consists of pita bread or some other flatbread such as saluf, laffa, or malawach, that was often leftover from another use or stale, and has been torn or cut into pieces and fried until crisp in a large amount of samneh (clarified butter), although butter or chicken schmaltz are also sometimes used.
Once the dish is finished is traditionally topped with honey as a sweet dish, although savory versions also exist and some top it with labneh, tehina, chili oil, shkug, resek avganiyot (grated tomatoes), among other toppings.
Stale flatbread is torn into small pieces and fried in a large amount of hot clarified butter, butter (for milchig/dairy variations), or schmaltz (for fleishig/meat variations, until the pita pieces are toasted and become crispy.
Several eggs are heated with kosher salt, and added to the fried pita mixture, which is stirred continuously similar to scrambled eggs, until the eggs are set and have been somewhat absorbed by the pita.
Once the fatoot samneh is cooked through it is then topped with honey, silan, or a range of other toppings, condiments, and seasonings.
His father was employed at Winchester College as an English teacher and head of house, with Burchnall gaining a scholarship to attend the college.
Playing as a batsman, he scored a total of 874 runs at an average of 15.89 and a high score of 85, one of four half centuries he made.
After completing their studies, the couple emigrated to Australia in January 1972, with Burchnall appointed to the post of latin teacher at Melbourne Grammar School shortly after his arrival.
He completed his graduate studies at the University of Melbourne, before returning to England where he taught for two years at Wellington College.
Burchnall later served as the chairman of St Mark's College at the University of Adelaide, though he resigned from the role in June 2018, following accusations of hazing, bullying and sexual assault at the college.
Evelyn Merchant (August 25, 1913 – April 2, 1995), known professionally as Harlene Wood (also Harley Wood, Jill Martin, Jill Jackson, and Jill Jackson-Miller) was an American film actress, composer, writer and author.
The song was popular enough to be used in the American Peace Crusade and earned her George Washington Honor Medal from the Freedoms Foundation.
Isa ibn Nasturus ibn Surus was a Coptic Egyptian scribe who served as vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate in 993–996 under al-Aziz Billah.
Several federal referendums will be held in Switzerland in 2020, with voting on 9 February, 17 May, 27 September and 29 November.
Two referendums will be held on 9 February, with voters asked whether they approve of a popular initiative to increase affordable housing by promoting housing cooperatives, and whether legislation preventing discrimination based on sexual orientation should be overturned.
The affordable housing initiative – to require 10% of new flats to be owned by housing cooperatives and abolish government subsidies for renovating luxury flats – was put forward by the national alliance of tenants' association and supported by left-wing parties, and was approved after 106,000 signatures were submitted.
The vote on the anti-homophobia legislation was forced by the Federal Democratic Union and the youth wing of the Swiss People's Party after the legislation was approved in December 2018.
A December 2019 opinion poll showed support for the affordable housing at 66% with 30% against, while overturning the anti-discrimination legislation had the support of only 28% of voters, with 69% against.
She also studied at The New School, Teachers College, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the Washington University School of Fine Arts.
Freedman exhibited her work at the Brooklyn Museum, the Hudson River Museum, the Library of Congress, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Judit Kovács (born 7 January 1956) is a Hungarian former archer who competed in archery for Hungary at three Olympic Games.
Under the new format for archery she scored 1304 points in the ranking round in the women's individual event making her the sixteenth seed for the 32 player knockout round.
Kovács defeated Wang Hong 103-93 in round one before losing to the eventual gold medalist Cho Youn-jeong 113-97 in the second round.
His great-grandfather was the politician Aaron Leaming Jr. Leaming was the son of William Leaming and Sara Somers and had two sisters, Catherine and Julia.
Leaming began practicing medicine in Cape May County the following year and did so for fourteen years before having to give up the practice due to poor health.
Leaming held a number of county-level offices, including superintendent of schools, county school examiner, and trustee of the State Normal School.
Steward made his Leicester Tigers debut as a replacement on 26 January 2019 in a 47-20 defeat to Northampton Saints at Franklin's Gardens in the Premiership Rugby Cup.
Steward was a late call up to the bench on 8 March 2019 to make his Premiership Rugby debut as a replacement in a 32-5 defeat to Sale Sharks at the AJ Bell Stadium.
For example, middle school mathematics is broken into over 10,000 points such as rational numbers, the properties of a triangle, and the Pythagorean theorem.
As of 2019, the company had raised over $180 million in funding and in 2018 it surpassed $1 billion in valuation.
It has been brought to Israel by Yemenite Jews, where it is very popular and commonly made at home, and is also available in restaurants as well as in frozen form at supermarkets across Israel.
Malawach is made from the same dough as jachnun, a Yemenite Jewish Shabbat bread, and both originated as a variation of hojaldre, a Sephardic Jewish puff pastry, brought to Yemen by Jews expelled from Spain.
Malawach resembles a thick pancake, but it consists of thin layers of puff pastry brushed with oil or fat and cooked flat in a frying pan.
Malawach was traditionally prepared at home by the women in the Yemenite Jewish community, and is made out of a laminated dough similar to puff pastry that has been enriched with either butter, Clarified butter, or margarine if pareve; creating a very flaky consistency with many layers, similar to a croissant.
The dough is divided into balls, and is rolled out and then commonly placed between wax paper and placed in the freezer.
It is then fried in a small amount of oil from a frozen state, as it is fried fresh the butter or other fat will seep out of the dough, making it harder to work with and not flaky.
Freezing the dough helps the butter or other fat remain in solid form once the malawach comes into contact with the hot oil, causing the creation of it's signature flaky layers, and causing the bread to rise somewhat.
It is served hot, traditionally with zhoug, resek, and beitzah (hardboiled egg), although a variety of other pairings and dips are now popular as well such as honey, jam, labneh, shakshouka, baba ghanoush, matbucha, and muhammara, among others.
Through expulsion of Yemenite Jews from Yemen in the mid-20th century, and their subsequent refuge in Israel, it has become a very popular dish in Israel, and a favorite comfort food for Israelis of all backgrounds and origins.
Malawach is traditionally made at home by members of the Yemenite Jewish community, but with the newfound, widespread popularity of malawach in Israel in recent decades it is now commonly served at restaurants in Israel, many of which are dedicated to serving malawach, and related dishes such as jachnun.
It is commonly used as a sandwich wrap similar to a laffa, and is commonly served with shakshouka, hummus, sabich, and many other dishes.
Frozen malawah is commonly available in grocery stores across the nation, by brands such as Ta'amti, and Osem, and is exported abroad to kosher supermarkets in the United States, UK, Canada, France, and other nations.
Arley McNeney Cruthers (born 1983) is a Canadian former Paralympic wheelchair basketball player and applied communications instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University.
At the age of 11, she was diagnosed with avascular necrosis and confined to a wheelchair and crutches until she was 27.
McNeney attended the University of Victoria and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where she earned her MFA and competed on the Fighting Illini women's varsity wheelchair basketball team.
McNeney joined Canada women's national wheelchair basketball team in 2001, and won gold at the Wheelchair Basketball World Championship the next year.
In 2004, McNeney was named to Team Canada's national wheelchair basketball team to compete at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, where she helped them win bronze.
While working as a communications instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University, McNeney and her husband Chris Cruthers began conducting workshops for disabled individuals regarding online dating.
In 2007, she wrote a book on her experience with the Canadian women’s wheelchair basketball team and her retirement, which was shortlisted for the Commonwealth Foundation prizes.
The first soil resistance measuring instrument was invented in the 1950s by Evershed & Vignoles Meggers who made the first insulation and earth resistance testers.
By a standard of the National Electrical Code the resistance of the soil should be less than 25 Ohms to reliably and efficiently ground the installation.
The deflection of the pointer of the analog screen depends on the ratio of the voltage of pressure coil to the current of the current coil.
When measuring earth resistance with an instrument, it is important to know some of its basic characteristics in order to accurately measure the soil resistance and to properly size the grounding installation.
If the instrument cannot operate at a certain humidity, then the measurement may differ significantly from the real value of soil resistance.
Odoh made his professional debut with Charlton Athletic in a 1-0 FA Cup loss to West Brom on 4 January 2020.
In 2016-17, he was a visiting associate professor at Harvard Divinity School and research associate at the Women's Studies in Religion Program..
Petrey holds a Bachelor of Arts (2001) from Pace University, a Master of Theological Studies (2003) from Harvard Divinity School and a Doctor of Theology (2010) from Harvard Divinity School.
He is the author of numerous books and articles on early Christianity and also The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Heartfield received a degree in political science from the University of Ottawa and a master of journalism degree from Carleton University.
She belongs to the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, the Historical Novel Scoeity, the Writers' Union of Canada, Ottawa's East Block Irregulars, and the Codex writers' group.
She was a member of the board of the Ottawa International Writers Festival from 2011-2014, a member of the science fiction jury for the Ottawa Book Award in 2017, and is currently (2020) on the novel jury for the Sunburst Award.
Before the 2000–01 IBA season the Black Hills Gold, a franchise based in Rapid City, South Dakota, relocated to Mitchell and changed its name to South Dakota Gold.
On December 3, 2000 center LeRon Williams recorded a season-high 34 points in an 88–87 home win against the Salina Rattlers.
On December 11, 2000 coach Reggie Williams resigned, and was replaced two days later by Marcus Liberty, who served as player and coach for the team.
On December 31, 2000 guard Jermaine Slider recorded a season-high 12 assists against the Winnipeg Cyclone, while on January 4, 2001 LeRon Williams recorded a season-best 13 rebounds, along with 21 points in a game against the Billings RimRockers.
The team's best attendance for a regular season home game was on December 1, 2000 when 1,238 people attended the season opener against Fargo-Moorhead Beez.
The team ended the regular season with a 21–19 record, which put them on the second place in the East Division behind the Des Moines Dragons.
The Gold advanced to the division semifinals, which saw them lose the series 2–1 against the Siouxland Bombers, with the last game going to overtime and ending in a Gold loss, 90–98.
Guard Rasheed Brokenborough was named IBA Sixth Man of the Year, while center LeRon Williams was the team's top scorer (19 points per game) and top rebounder (7.9).
The song became a number 2 R&B hit for Louis Brooks and His Hi-Toppers, with vocals performed by Earl Gaines, a friend of Jarrett's.
On September 10, 1955, Brooks's version and The Midnighters' version were in the top 15 at the same time, and the following week, both Brooks's version and Brown's version were in the top 15.
Santa Maria del Popolo (Saint Mary of the People) is a Romanesque-style, Roman Catholic church located on Corso di San Giuseppe between via Sbarra and via Recta in the town of Leonessa, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, central Italy.
In the 1930s she worked as an artist for the Works Progress Administration eventually becoming supervisor for the western part of Vermont.
Her work is included in the collections of the Fuller Museum of Art, the Library of Congress, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
In January 2, 2020, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a one year mandate in order to deploy troops in Libya.
The Panciatichi Holy Family or Panciatichi Madonna and Child is a 1541 oil on panel painting by Bronzino, signed on a stone in the bottom left corner.
Preparatory drawings for the work are in the Uffizi's Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe (n. 6639F0) and (with variations) in the Phillips collection in London.
The Panciatichi link is supported by the flag with their coat of arms flying from a turret in the top left background.
The work's dating is more complex, but is thought to be close to the same artist's execution of portraits of Lucrezia and Bartolomeo, two members of the Panciatichi family, that is 1541, the year of the family's admission to the Accademia fiorentina.
JoAnne Graf (born June 24, 1953) is an American former softball coach and Associate Professor in Sport Management at Florida State University.
As coach of the Florida State Seminoles women's softball team from 1978 to 2008, she logged more wins than any coach in the history of NCAA Division I softball.
On April 2, 2005, Florida State University renamed their softball stadium in her honor as the JoAnne Graf Field at the Seminole Softball Complex.
After earning her master's degree from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in 1978, she spent two years as the assistant softball coach for the Greensboro Spartans.
Over her 30-year coaching career at Florida State from 1978 to 2008, she led the team to 7 College World Series Games, 17 NCAA tournaments, and 10 Atlantic Coast Conference titles.
By 2001, she had the most wins of any active coach in Division I softball and was awarded the Florida State Alumni Association Circle of Gold Award.
In honor of her achievements, Florida State University renamed the softball stadium JoAnne Graf Field at the Seminole Softball Complex on April 2, 2005.
By the time Graf retired in 2008, she had logged more wins than any other coach in the history of Division I softball, with a record of 1,437 wins.
Henry made his professional debut with Charlton Athletic in a 1-0 FA Cup loss to West Brom on 4 January 2020.
The 72nd Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievement in feature films, documentary, television and commercials of 2019, were presented on January 25, 2020, at the Ritz-Carlton in Downtown Los Angeles, California.
The nominations for most of the television and documentary categories were announced on January 6, 2020, while the nominations for the feature film categories were announced on January 7, 2020.
The nominations announcement for three television awards (Comedy Series, Drama Series, and Variety/Talk/News/Sports – Specials) was moved to January 10, 2020 due to a re-vote delay.
The Nokia C1 is an Android Go budget smartphone with 3G network speed, announced on December 11, 2019 by Nokia brand licensee HMD Global.
The smartphone has 2,500 milliampere hour (mAh) removable battery, 3.5 mm audio jack, FM radio, 16 Gigabit (GB) of storage, and a microSD memory card slot.
Nokia C1 has Android 9 Pie (Go Edition) operating system with random-access memory (RAM) 1 GB and Quad Core 1.3 Gigahertz (GHz) processor as CPU.
Santa Vittoria (Saint Victoria) is a Romanesque-style, Roman Catholic church located outside of the town of Monteleone Sabino, on the road to Rocca Sinibalda, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The church appears built using material from prior Ancient Roman buildings, perhaps a local villa or the nearby ancient town of Trebula Mutusca, and the walls contain spolia with inscriptions and depictions of a lion and solar-face.
The bell-tower, made of asymmetric stone bricks, and facade date to after the 15th-century under the patronage of the Orsini family.
Putatively, the site once held the relics of Santa Vittoria, but these appeared to have been dispersed during the various Saracen raids.
Pietà or Pietà with Mary Magdalene is a 1529 painting by Bronzino, produced early in his career and now in the Uffizi in Florence.
116-120) is a United States federal law which specifies the budget, expenditures and policies of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for fiscal year 2020.
The Trump administration has reportedly used the Act and the creation of the Space Force for promotion of the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign.
European businesses involved in Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline from Russia to European Union have been sanctioned by the United States, which has been seeking to sell more of its own liquefied natural gas (LNG) to European states, with the passing of the NDAA 2020 on December 20, 2019.
Portrait of a Young Man as Saint Sebastian is an oil painting on panel of by Bronzino in the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid.
The work has been related to the very similar figure of Saint Matthew from the four tondi in the Capponi Chapel, on which Bronzino collaborated with Pontormo, and to a study for it which is now in the Uffizi.
Distance events were held separately, with the 10,000 metres taking place at the Zatopek 10K on 13 December 2018 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, the mile run taking place at the Albie Thomas meet at the Crest Athletic Centre in Bankstown on 22 December 2018, and the 5000 metres taking place at the Sydney Track Classic on 23 February 2019.
The Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Peru is the official representative of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation to the President and the Government of Peru.
Emperor Alexander II sent a letter, dated 29 October 1862, to Miguel de San Román, president of Peru, congratulating him on his election and expressing his desire to maintain friendly relations between the Russian Empire and Peru.
The two countries signed their first official document, a Trade and Navigation Agreement in 1874, and by 1909 Peru had six consular missions in the Russian Empire: in Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Riga, Warsaw, Odessa and Kherson.
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Peru recognised the Russian Federation as its successor state on 26 December 1991.
According to data from August 2019 and studies conducted by W3Techs, 6.5% of the 10 million most popular Internet sites in the world use Russian.
The company was established as a joint venture of the San Francisco Moscow Teleport network and the All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems(ВНИИПАС).
San Francisco Moscow Teleport (SFMT) was launched in 1983 by financier George Soros and American Joel Schatz with the support of the US government.
The All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems provided a data transmission network with some countries in Eastern Europe, as well as Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam, almost all of the data traffic was scientific and technical information, and in 1983 organized a non-state email network.
Johnson & Johnson, Coca-Cola, DuPont, Estee Lauder, Time magazine, and France Presse were among the first corporate clients of the company.
Since 1992, the British company Cable & Wireless, which has its own fiber-optic channels in Europe, has become the third co-founder of the company.
On June 4, 1992, the company was re-registered as a limited liability partnership, and all three co-founders - Cable & Wireless, All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems and SFMT - received almost equal shares.
However, a group of developers made a Russian version of the Unix operating system, secretly brought from America, and called it DEMOS.
One of the key features was the so-called Rambler Top-100, that showed the one hundred top searched websites on the Russian internet.
In the beginning of 1999, 53% of Rambler's shares were sold to investors Russian Fonds (Русские Фонды) and Orion Capital Advisors.
In 2000, as a result of the conflict between investors and the founders, Sergey Lysakov and Dmitry Kryukov left the company.
In the early 90s, Ilya Segalovich and Arkadii Volash developed a search algorithm that was based on the morphology of Russian language.
Gradually Yandex became one of the leading Russian internet companies, and today, it includes several sub-companies, including Yandex.Taxi and news aggregator Yandex.News.
Mail.ru, that is based on a free web mail system created by Alexei Krivenkov, became the main asset of Port.ru, a company he co-founded with his American partner, Eugene Goland.
One of the top Russian businessman, Yuri Milner - billionaire, global investor, one of co-owners and chairman of Mail.ru Group during the period from 2001 to 2012.
After studying several industries, he came across a young and growing sector called Internet, that required minimal startup capital and had an enormous potential.
VK (VKontakte) is a social network, that was founded in 2006 by Pavel Durov with the help of Russian-Israeli investors Yitzchak Mirilashvili and Lev Leviev.
Nikolai Durov, the elder brother of Pavel Durov and a winner of multiple awards in mathematics and coding, was the lead software engineer of VKontakte.
In addition to being a social network, it also functioned as a file sharing network: users had a possibility to upload films, music, pictures, etc.
Ilya Shirokov, the new CEO of Odnoklasniki.ru, rebranded the network, and it became the second most popular social network in Russia.
In order to stay relevant, the company added a streaming service that enabled users to stream their own life moments to their friends.
This direction includes Mail.ru Mail and the Mail.ru portal, which includes the main page of the site and the Auto Mail.ru, Cinema Mail.ru, Children Mail.ru, Health Mail.ru, Lady Mail.ru, News Mail.ru, Sport Mail.ru, Hi-Tech Mail.ru, Cars Mail.ru, Real Estate Mail.ru and Welcome Mail.ru [6], as well as the instant messaging services ICQ and Agent Mail.ru.
The gaming division of Mail.ru Games develops and publishes client and browser-based massively multiplayer online games, games for social networks and mobile devices, and the gaming portal Games Mail.ru.
Search, e-commerce and more: Mail.ru Search, the Mail.ru Goods information and reference system, available information about goods and services, their cost in various online stores, the MAPS.ME service, which carries offline maps and navigation for mobile devices based on OpenStreetMap data, the mobile advertising service Yula and the ridesharing service BeepCar.
Mail.ru Group is developing a direction of work in the field of Big data, which includes the creation of predictive mathematical models, conducting market research, consulting in the field of infrastructure development and methodology for working with big data.
The Mail.ru brand also operates the Mail.ru platform for business, combining all B2B services of the company, a Q&A system, called Mail.ru answers and other Internet projects.
In contrary to general chats, messages are not decrypted on the server and message history is stored on the client devices.
It is also possible to set a timer for secret chat, where all messages and files in the chat will be permanently deleted after a certain amount of time.
As a response, Pavel Durov stated that it is was not possible to transfer encryption keys, as they were being created on a user's device every time that user connects with someone.
On April 13, 2018, the Tagansky court of Moscow ruled in favor of Roskomnadzor, allowing them to block Telegram in Russia.
In the beginning, they shot their videos in the living room, and as the platform grew, the videos became more and more professional.
Nowadays in Russia there are several production teams on YouTube similar to KlikKlak, for instance Chiken Curry and Big Russian Boss.
The evolution of online platforms and streaming services makes it possible to monetize and promote web content without involvement by producers or the state.
In the summer of 2019, Moscow saw protests: first, against not allowing independent candidates to run in local election, and then against police excesses against protesters.
Russian internet leaders, including Yandex, LiveJournal and VKontakte, spoke out against the Internet filtration law, seeing it as a censorship tool.
The bill obliges telecom operators to store calls and messages of subscribers for a period determined by the Government of the Russian Federation(but no more than 6 months).
The official law implies creation of independent network infrastructure, in order to maintain Internet connection in the case of foreign root servers becoming unavailable.
According to experts, Sovereign Internet Act will create a possibility to isolate the Russian segment of the Internet, in addition it could be possible to switch off the Internet connection to certain areas of Russia.
The film profiles a group of gay men who, in response to the HIV/AIDS crisis of the early 1980s, moved to the faded resort town of Crystal Beach, Ontario with an eye to reviving it as a gay resort comparable to Provincetown or Fire Island; spearheaded by Gary Colwell and Don Morden, the group launched a bed and breakfast, a restaurant and a drag cabaret.
It was subsequently screened at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in 2000, winning the award for Best Film on Social Issues.
He then went on to second-tier Bodø/Glimt in 1993, returned to Gevir after only a few months, but in 1994 he commenced a second spell in Bodø/Glimt, now in Eliteserien.
He moved south after the 1997 season to pursue an administrative job at the University of Oslo and play part-time for Mercantile.
Manifa is an annual feminist demonstration organized in connection with International Women's Day on March 8th in various parts of Poland.
The first Manifa in 2000 was organized to protest against a violent enforcement of anti-abortion law in Lubliniec, where police officers detained a gynecologist patient during an examination and forced her to undergo a forensic examination.
and was attended by the All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions, the Polish Trade Union of Nurses and Midwives, the August 80 Free Trade Union, and the Polish Teachers' Association.
Melvin Schol (born 27 April 1991) is a dutch martial artist who reprezented his native country Netherlands in judo and since 2015 he switched for sport jujitsu.
Gabriela Moser (28 July 1954 – 12 March 2019) was an Austrian politician who was a member of the National Council for more than 20 years.
Moser, an early member of the The Greens – The Green Alternative, was first elected to the city council of Linz in the 1980s.
She won a seat on the National Council of Austria in the 1994 Austrian legislative election, vacated her seat briefly, and then rejoined parliament in 1997.
A parliamentary committee led by her investigated the involving Telekom Austria, and the which concerned the creation of a radio system for emergency services.
Moser also investgated the Skylink scandal surrounding the construction of Vienna International Airport's Terminal 3, and allegations of corruption at the Austrian Federal Railways.
Moser died on 12 March 2019, at the age of 64, due to an illness she had been battling for two years.
Women in Cell Biology (WCIB) is a subcommittee of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) created to promote women in cell biology and present awards.
The goal was to provide a space for women to talk and network with other women in the field, learn about job opportunities, and promote women in academia.
The work's early provenance is unknown until on 3 May 1902 Paul Durand-Ruel bought it for 9300 francs at the sale of Jules Strauss's collection at the Hotel Drout auction house.
The Pushkin Museum holds a 22 June 1903 letter from Durand-Ruel to Morozov agreeing to sell the work for 11,500 francs, despite this being a big sacrifice for his gallery, and a 27 June receipt for receiving the money.
Morozov's collection was seized by the Soviet state after the October Revolution and entered the State Museum of New Western Art in 1923, moving to its present home on the State Museum's abolition in 1948.
It is situated southeast of Hope, northeast of Chilliwack Lake, and west of Silvertip Mountain, which is its nearest higher peak.
The peak was named for Damasus Payne, a Benedictine monk and mountaineer who tragically fell to his death on Edge Peak in 1978.
He also carried all the materials for mass and communion up to the summit of Slesse Mountain to perform a ceremony to honor the victims of Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810.
Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into headwaters of the Sumallo River, and into the Klesilkwa River, which is a tributary of the Skagit .
Mount Payne is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Thomas de Renzy Harman (3 February 1861 – 21 April 1950) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1882 to 1901.
A middle-order batsman, Harman made his highest score in Canterbury’s match against Wellington in 1891-92, when, captaining the team, he scored 15 and 65, Canterbury’s highest score in the match.
When it was first established under the guise of the Hadley Falls Company, the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts was conceived as a production center for textiles.
Despite protests of the company during the formation of the Parsons Paper Company, that a pulp and paper venture was a poor use of space and unprofitable, by 1885 the city was the largest producer of paper goods in the United States.
Before 1920 the city was the home to numerous paper mills, producing 80% of the writing paper used in the United States, as well as having the largest silk, and alpaca wool mills in the world.
Despite determinations of eligibility by the Massachusetts Historical Commission as part of the Holyoke Canal System, , no mill properties in the city had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The geographical region in which these species can be found is in Argentina, with in the Cuyo Regions which covers provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, and the Occidental side of San Luis.
There are many urban legends that say it can be used to protects against miscarriage, or dermatitis when the juice of the leaves is applied to the skin.
Different parts of the plant can be used in a variety of ways including: teas, paste, oils, using leaves, or flowering parts.
It comes from the Republic of Geneva, from which they acquired the bourgeoisie in 1779, and before that they originated from Schwabenheim (Swabia, Baden-Württemberg).
Harold Cyrus Roberts (October 1, 1898 - June 18, 1945) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of colonel.
Roberts began his career as a Navy Corpsman attached to 5th Marine Regiment during World War I and earned his first Navy Cross during the Battle of Belleau Wood for evacuation of wounded Marines under heavy machine gun fire.
He received his second Navy Cross during the Nicaraguan Campaign in fall 1928, where he distinguished himself while he led several Marine patrols against hostile bandits and the third one for his command of 22nd Marine Regiment during Battle of Okinawa in World War II.
He graduated from the high school and following the United States entry into World War I, he enlisted the United States Navy.
Roberts was subsequently ordered to the Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois for basic training, which he completed several months later and was sent to the Naval Corpsman School at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
He participated in the Battle of Belleau Wood and distinguished himself on the night of June 7, 1918, when as a Pharmacist's Mate Third Class he showed exceptional heroism by volunteering to cross an open field under heavy machine-gun fire to bring in the wounded who were calling for help.
For this act of valor, Roberts was decorated with the Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat.
He was commissioned as a second lieutenant on June 3, 1922 and was ordered to The Basic School at Marine Barracks, Quantico, Virginia for basic officer training.
He was transferred to Marine Corps Base San Diego, California in August 1926 and upon his promotion to first lieutenant on November 23, 1927, he was temporarily attached to the 3rd Marine Brigade in China.
Roberts was transferred to 2nd Marine Brigade in January 1928 and ordered to Nicaragua, where he participated in the jungle patrols against Sandino bandits in Nueva Segovia Department.
Roberts also received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for saving the life of a fellow Marine in March 1928 and the Government of Nicaragua bestowed him with the Presidential Medal of Merit with Diploma.
In July 1929, Roberts returned to the United States and assumed duty at Marine Barracks, Parris Island, South Carolina, where he served until June 1930.
Following the outbreak of the hostilities between China and Japan, Roberts was transferred to the 4th Marine Regiment in June 1931 and served at Shanghai International Settlement until December 1933, when he returned to the United States.
He then served at the headquarters, Department of the Pacific in San Francisco until July 1934, when he was sent to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico.
He was ordered to Hawaii in April 1940 and joined the 3rd Defense Battalion under Colonel Harry K. Pickett as a battery commander.
The Marine defense battalions were special Marine units, which were designated as the defense force of the Pacific naval bases and were be placed on Midway Atoll, Wake Island, Johnston Atoll and Palmyra Atoll.
In September 1940, Roberts led approximately a third of 3rd Defense Battalion to Midway and assumed responsibility for the anti-aircraft defense of the atoll.
Upon the appointment of Lieutenant Colonel Robert H. Pepper as commanding officer, 3rd Defense Battalion in February 1941, Roberts was appointed his executive officer.
At the time of Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, Roberts served as acting commander of 3rd Defense Battalion in the absence of Colonel Pepper, who was on an observation tour of Higgins Boats near Midway.
Roberts was sleeping in his quarters in Honolulu, when he was woke up by the telephone call made by the battalion's sssistant communication officer, Frederick M. Steinhauser.
He was quickly briefed by Steinhauser and jumped into his car with Major Kenneth W. Benner, commanding officer of the battalion's 3-inch antiaircraft group.
Roberts reached the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard after a twenty minute trip and began organizing the anti-aircraft defense of his battalion.
In addition, he ordered cooks and messmen to prepare coffee and fill every other container on hand with water, and organized riflemen in groups of about 16 to sit on the ground with an officer or non-commissioned officer in charge to direct their fire.
He also called for runners from all groups in the battalion and established his command post at the parade ground's south corner, and ordered the almost 150 civilians who had showed up looking for ways to help out to report to the machine gun storeroom and fill ammunition belts and clean weapons.
Among other actions, he also instructed the battalion sergeant major to be ready to safeguard important papers from the headquarters barracks.
Roberts and his battalion then reinforced Midway, Johnston and Palmyra atoll garrisons and was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel on May 8, 1942.
The 3rd Defense Battalion successfully hit three enemy ships that had beached themselves to land troops and repulsed 133 bombing attacks by Japanese planes.
Roberts then took part in Battle for Henderson Field at the end of October 1942 and his battalion defended Lunga Point against an enemy counterattack from the sea.
He returned to Pacific area in October 1944 and assumed duty as Chief of Staff of the Artillery, V Amphibious Corps under Brigadier General Thomas E. Bourke.
In January 1945, Roberts was ordered back to Guadalcanal, now a large supply and training base, where newly established 6th Marine Division under Major General Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr. conducted intensive training for further combat deployment in Pacific.
He was attached to the division staff and took part in the preparations of plans and amphibious training for the Okinawa Campaign.
Roberts spent two months on Guadalcanal and embarked for the staging area at Ulithi, a little atoll in the Caroline Islands at the beginning of March 1945.
The Sixth Marine Division went ashore on April 1, 1945 and met heavy Japanese resistance, mainly artillery, mortars, machine guns, and snipers.
General Shepherd thought that Schneider, who served in the Pacific area nonstop since June 1942 needed rest and ordered Roberts to relieve him.
Roberts succeeded Schneider on May 17, 1945 after a six weeks of heavy fighting and the first thing he did was establishing of his command post immediately behind front lines.
He wanted to demonstrate to his men, that their commander was with them on the front line and also wanted better overview of the tactical situation.
On June 18, 1945, the Twenty-Second Marines were participating in the action of Hill 69 and Roberts had been up forward watching the advance of 2nd Battalion with his executive officer, Lieutenant Colonel August Larson, when a sniper opened fire on them.
The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Pharmacist's Mate Third Class Harold C. Roberts (NSN: 0-3825), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism while serving as a Corpsman attached to the Fifth Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces, in action at the front on the night of 7 June 1918.
Pharmacist's Mate Third Class Roberts showed exceptional heroism by volunteering to cross an open field under heavy machine-gun fire to bring in the wounded who were calling for help.
The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Captain Harold C. Roberts (MCSN: 0-3825), United States Marine Corps, for distinguished service in the line of his profession while acting as second in command of the Coco River Expedition in Nuevo Segovia, Nicaragua, between 4 September 1928 and 10 November 1928.
Captain Roberts displayed great fortitude and marked ability as a leader in surmounting the countless obstacles which constantly jeopardized the lives and limbs of every member of the command and thereby materially assisted in successfully surmounting twenty-four extremely difficult and dangerous rapids.
The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting a Second Gold Star in lieu of a Third Award of the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Colonel Harold C. Roberts (MCSN: 0-3825), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism as commanding Officer of the Twenty-Second Marines, SIXTH Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces on Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 16 June 1945.
Preparing for the assault on an enemy-held ridge in which his regiment was making the main effort of a Marine Division, Colonel Roberts established his observation post on a hill about one-half mile from the objective, whence he could see the entire regimental zone of action.
His aggressiveness and brilliant combat tactics were major factors in the successful operation of the division, and reflect the highest credit upon Colonel Roberts and the United States Naval Service.
The 2020 Michigan Wolverines football team will be an American football team that represents the University of Michigan during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Wolverines play in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference and play their home games at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
It was announced a day after the Citrus Bowl that Safeties Coach and Special Teams Coordinator Chris Partridge accepted a Co-Defensive coordinator role at Ole Miss.
Radio coverage for all games will be broadcast statewide on The Michigan IMG Sports Network and on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
The two teams last played each other in 2002 when Michigan defeated Washington 31-29 off of a Philip Brabbs 44-yd Field Goal as time expired.
After hosting Penn State, Michigan will travel to East Lansing to face its in-state rival, the Michigan State Spartans, in the battle for the Paul Bunyan Trophy.
After facing in-state rival Michigan State, Michigan will travel to Minneapolis to face the Minnesota Golden Gophers in the battle for the Little Brown Jug, The two teams last played each other in 2017 when Michigan defeated Minnesota 33–10.
The Game is one of the most storied rivalries in college football, between two top programs: either Michigan or Ohio State has been ranked in the AP Top 25 in 51 of the last 52 games since 1968 (the lone exception was 1987, when Michigan came into game 7-3 and Ohio State 5-4-1.
Professor and Head of the Department of Bulgarian Language and Slavic Ethnography (since 1922), Editor-in-Chief of the Slavic Institute at Sofia University (1934-1937).
First director of the Bulgarian Language Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1947-1951) and head of the Bulgarian Dictionary Section of the Institute (1951-1958).
Academician since 1929, member of the Bulgarian Archeological Institute since 1922, the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv, the Romanian Historical Society in Bucharest, the Slavic Institute in Prague.
Women for Trump is a political movement in the United States made up of women who support the presidency of Donald Trump.
Kremer was one of the founders of the modern-day Tea Party movement, and a co-founder of the social networking site Tea Party Patriots.
She is the former director and current chairman of the grassroots coalition, Tea Party Express, a national bus tour supporting Tea Party advocates.
Kathryn Serkes is the president and founder of Square One Media Network and has spent more than 20 years working in healthcare policy.
She founded the Doctor–Patient Medical Association and served at the Federal Emergency Management Agency, where she earned the Director's Award for Meritorious Service.
Nationally, Hillary Clinton gained 54% of women voters compared with Trump's 42%; however, Trump outperformed Clinton among white women, winning 53% of their vote.
Women Vote Smart raised more than $26,000 in 2017, according to the Federal Election Commission, but was more than $20,000 in debt as of March 2017.
Although a June Hill–Harris survey reported that 62% of women registered to vote were unlikely to vote for a Trump re-election, the Women for Trump campaign was rallying support and donations to support the upcoming 2020 elections.
As of November 2019, the Women for Trump coalition was accepting donations and volunteers to push their initiative and spread their political message.
As of December 2019, the verified Women for Trump Twitter page had more than 51,000 followers and more than 52,000 likes on their official Facebook page.
The organization follows several Republican political figures, and during the 2019 impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump, the organization's social-media page provided an account of the inquiry in real time and spoke publicly against the process.
Lloyd's English parents, Thomas and Hannah (Pepper) Lloyd, came to the United States in 1860 and settled in St. Clair County, Illinois, where Thomas became the county inspector of mines.
In 1903 he incorporated the Hiram Lloyd Building & Construction Company, which became a prominent contractor constructing private and public buildings in the Midwest, including several high schools in St. Louis, the East St. Louis custom house and post office, and many other public buildings.
Lloyd served from 1885 to 1889 in the lower house of the St. Louis Municipal Assembly, serving as speaker for the last two years.
He was elected lieutenant governor of Missouri in 1920 on a Republican ticket with governor Arthur M. Hyde, serving from January 10, 1921 to January 12, 1925.
Lloyd then ran for the Republican nomination for governor in 1924, but came in a distant second to Superintendant of Schools Sam Aaron Baker in a three-way race.
The series is animated by C2C and directed by Hiroki Ikeshita, with Kenta Ihara handling series composition, Keisuke Watanabe designing the characters, and Yukari Hashimoto composing the series' music.
He played for Las Vegas High School in Sunrise Manor, Nevada, where he averaged 17 points, 7.3 rebounds and 1.2 assists per game as a junior.
Bey transferred to Middlebrooks Academy, a prep school in Los Angeles, where he attracted more interest from NCAA Division I programs and received scholarship offers from UNLV, San Diego State, Arizona State and Utah.
After being benched in a game against Oregon State on January 31, 2019, Bey had 11 double-doubles over the final 16 games.
He was named to the First Team All-Pac 12 and became the second Colorado player in four years to win the league’s Most Improved Player award.
He was named MVP of the Main Event Tournament after averaging 14.5 points per game and leading the Buffaloes to a win over Clemson in the championship.
The Muse Inspiring the Poet is a 1909 painting by Henri Rousseau, forming a double portrait of Marie Laurencin and Guillaume Apollinaire.
He served as head football coach at Morris Brown College in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1940 and again from 1944 to 1949.
His 1940 Morris Brown Wolverines football team compiled a record of 10–1, winning the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) title and a black college football national championship.
In 1950, Graves accepted the position of as chairman of the department of biology at to North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Bob Freeman is a Democratic freshman member of the Tennessee House of Representatives representing the 56th District, a part of Davidson County.
His father, a 2015 candidate for Nashville mayor, is a real estate executive, Tennessee Democratic donor, and the CEO and co-founder of Freeman Webb Co. Freeman earned his B.S.
He served as vice president for real estate investment and development with the Forestar Group, Inc. before he co-founded the energy consulting and sustainable construction firm Freeman Applegate Partners in 2013.
Freeman reported his decision to run for the house seat for the 56th District after the incumbent Republican Beth Harwell announced that she would seek the GOP nomination for the 2018 Tennessee gubernatorial election.
He began his campaign as the only Democratic candidate for the seat in November, 2017, competing for the affluent Nashville district with the dermatologist Dr. Brent Moody, who won the Republican primaries against the lawyer Joseph Williams with 55.5 percent of the vote.
During his campaign, Freeman cited education, traffic congestion, infrastructure, and the opioid crises as the state's primary concerns, and stressed the necessity of bipartisanship in his public appearances.Freeman won the race for the 56th district with 51.4 percent of the vote; his seat became one of two that Democrats flipped in the 2018 elections.
He has sponsored or co-sponsored fourteen bills, and voted in favor of policies to increase funding for dual enrollment programs, extend vocational training to the middle school level, and reinforce accountability of charter schools.
Lai was born in 1946 in British Hong Kong to the composer and his literary critic wife, and he later became friends with Cantopop band leader Joseph Koo.
Lai first appeared on the music scene in the 1950s, but would also make a number of small but notable appearances as a film actor from the 1950s to 1990s.
As a teenager who wanted to explore pop music, Lai joined a band performing in a nightclub, where he first met Joseph Koo.
With lyricist , who started working at the television station in 1978, Lai composed many theme songs that placed in the RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards during the late 70s and early 80s.
He also helped organize the New Talent Singing Awards, which helped scout talent like Anita Mui, the winner of its inaugural year in 1982.
Throughout his career, Lai has been credited with 30 original musical scores for Hong Kong films from the 1970s to 1990s, as well as 700 original songs.
She was a senator during the first, second and third term in 1925–1935, deputy to the Legislative Sejm and the Seym of the People's Republic of Poland in the first term in the years 1947–1952.
In 1900 she joined the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia, and in 1911–1919 she was a member of the board and the Central Executive Committee of the party.
During World War I, she was active in the Women's League of Galicia and Silesia from 1915, and in the years 1916–1918 she was a member of its General Board.
She was active in the Polish Socialist Party as a member of the Supreme Council and in the years 1928–1939 as a member of the Central Committee of the Polish Socialist Party.
In the years 1919–1939 she was also the president or vice-president of the Central Women's Department of the Polish Socialist Party.
Kłuszyńska was also active in the international socialist movement - from 1928 as a representative of the Polish Socialist Party in the Second International.
She sat in numerous socialist social organizations, including the Society of the Workers' University as a member of the Main Board and chairwoman of the Warsaw branch, the Workers' Society of Friends of Children, and the Workers' Society of Social Service.
From 1943, she was a member of the Central Leadership of the Movement of the Polish Socialist Party - Freedom, Equality, Independence.
In 1945, together with Zygmunt Żuławski, she participated in the creation of the Polish Social and Democratic Party separate from the PPS Lublin.
As a member of the Legislative Sejm (1947–1952), elected in 1947 from District 34 (Gniezno), she sat on the committees of Labor and Social Welfare, Tax and Budgetary Affairs and Foreign Affairs.
She belonged to the Central Committee of the PZPR, but it was a purely formal participation and after her death the Central Committee of the PZPR did not even include an obituary.
Now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, it was in Emmanuel Chabrier's collection until 1896, when it was bought by the art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel.
Two years later Durand-Ruel sold it on to the Moscow businessman Pyotr Shchukin for 15,000 francs, though its new owner dared not exhibit it in his gallery and so kept it in his bedroom for fourteen years before selling it to his brother Sergei in June 1912.
The Soviet state seized the work in 1918 and exhibited it in the 1st Museum of New Western Painting, then the State Museum of New Western Art and finally in its present gallery from 1948 onwards.
Silverstein served in the military during World War I , and he worked as a journalist before beginning his career in Hollywood.
Silverstein joined the Army Signal Corps during World War II in 1941; he joined other Columbia scenarists in writing training films at the Film Lab in Fort Monmouth, New Jersey.
Hercules and Omphale is a 1732-1734 oil on canvas painting by François Boucher, now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow but until 1930 in the Yusupov collection in St Petersburg.
Henry or Henrie Anthonie Jetto (1569/70 — 30 August 1627) was a black English yeoman, the earliest-known black person with an extant will in England and the earliest to have resided in Worcestershire.
Jetto first appears in records on 3 March 1596, when, at age twenty-six, he was baptised at St Martin's Church, Holt.
Sir Henry Bromley had attended the Masque at the baptism of Prince Henry at Stirling Castle in August 1594 which featured a black actor.
Such a position would have afforded Jetto the privilege of voting in local elections - making Jetto the first African to vote in England - as well as much sway in local court cases.
It also points towards Jetto's status as an independent and affluent black Briton, having risen from Bromley's employment to a senior position in the county's hierarchy, which required Jetto to hold no less than 40s worth of land.
The will contains legacies bequeathed to Jetto's children, and grandchildren, totaling to £17 15s 8d, and was executed on 13 September 1638.
Both Henry and Persida's wills mention their five children: Sarah, Margaret, John, Helena and Richard, all of whom were baptised in Holt between 1598 and 1608.
Jetto was rediscovered in 2007 by a distant descendant, Martin Bluck, researching his family history in the Worcestershire History Centre when he discovered the records of Jetto's baptism and burial.
Defending champions John Bromwich and Adrian Quist defeated Colin Long and Don Turnbull 6–4, 7–5, 6–2, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1939 Australian Championships.
He was the son and heir of Sir Edmund Antrobus, 3rd Baronet, and Marianne Georgiana Dashwood, married on 11 February 1847.
As owner of the ancient monument Stonehenge, he charged the engineer William Gowland to oversee the first major restoration of the monument in 1901.
In 1905, he was initiated into the Ancient Order of Druids and welcomed the first massive ceremony of this Order in Stonehenge.
His brother and heir, Sir Cosmo Antrobus, 5th Baronet (1859-1939), sold the site of Stonehenge after inheriting it from his elder brother..
She was elected as a Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova deputy to the parliament on 24 January 2000 and she remained there until she joined the Moldovan parliament in 2005.
It was listed as a Historic Monument in 1916, whereas the belfry of the original church across the street was listed in 1840.
The re-construction of the church started in 1559 under the supervision of prime contractor Jean de Renneville and ended in 1567.
The old tower remained isolated from the new church by the ruins of the original church and served as a bell tower, municipal belfry and daymark.
The space between the new church and the belfry was transformed into a public pathway in 1591, then into a street in 1731.
In 1782, extension works were made by architect Victor Louis on the behalf of intendant de Calonne to cope with the population growth.
Victor Louis offered to move the outer walls beyond the abutments of the side aisles and to merge the two side chapels to build two additional naves.
The first stone was laid on April 11, 1887, and the new façade was ended in 1889 by the city architect .
The long church is made of bricks, except for the window frames, the pillars of the interior and the façade that are made of white stone.
Produced by Prateek Chakravorty and Shruti Nallappa of Pramod Films, the film stars R. Madhavan and Shraddha Srinath in the lead roles.
The producers were initially keen to retain Parvathy Thiruvothu from the original version, and considered either Vijay Sethupathi, Sivakarthikeyan or Siddharth to play the titular role.
In April 2016, R. Madhavan was signed on to play the lead role, while Prakkat agreed to also direct the Tamil version.
In January 2017, actress Sai Pallavi signed on to play the leading female role, with the makers announcing that production would soon begin in Ooty and Pondicherry.
Ghibran was signed as the film's music composer, Deepak Bhagwan was selected to be the cinematographer and Malayali art director Ajayan Challisery was also picked to join the crew.
The 16th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in February, 1942, based on the 1st formation of the 249th Rifle Division, and served in that role until well after the end of the Great Patriotic War.
It was in Kalinin Front when it was redesignated and remained in the northern half of the front throughout the war.
In the summer it was assigned to Western Front's 30th Army to the north of the Rzhev salient and took part in the stubborn and costly struggle for the village of Polunino just east of that town in August.
It returned to the fighting in March, 1943 in the followup to the German evacuation of the salient, then was reassigned to the new 11th Guards Army, where it would remain for the duration of the war.
During the summer offensive against the German-held salient around Oryol it assisted in the liberation of Karachev and received its name as an honorific.
By December, after fighting through western Russia north of Smolensk the division was in 1st Baltic Front, attacking south towards Gorodok and winning the Order of the Red Banner in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to seize Vitebsk.
By the start of the offensive against Army Group Center in the summer of 1944 the 16th Guards had been redeployed with its Army to the south of Vitebsk as part of 3rd Belorussian Front, where it would remain for the duration.
Driving westward during Operation Bagration the division helped to liberate the key city of Orsha and then drove on towards Minsk.
With its Army it advanced through Lithuania to the border with East Prussia, being further decorated with the Order of Suvorov for its crossing of the Neman River.
As part of the East Prussian Offensive the 16th Guards entered that heavily-fortified region and helped gradually break the German resistance there, particularly at Insterburg and Königsberg, ending the fighting at Pillau.
The division, which had been recruited on the basis of a cadre from the NKVD internal troops, was officially raised to Guards status on February 16, 1942 in recognition of its role in the Toropets-Kholm Offensive, the annihilation of the German 189th Infantry Regiment at Okhvat in January and the subsequent liberation of Toropets.
Maj. Gen. German Fedorovich Tarasov, who had led the 249th Rifle Division since it had been formed in July, 1941, remained in command.
At the time it was redesignated the division was in 4th Shock Army of Kalinin Front where it remained until May when it was moved to the Front reserves for much-needed rebuilding and replenishment.
On March 16 the division received the Order of Lenin, which it had been recommended for while it was still the 249th.
Tarasov was reassigned as acting commanding officer of 24th Army on April 12; he went on to a rather spotty career over the next two-and-a-half years, including as the first commander of 70th Army, ultimately being demoted to deputy commander of 53rd Army before being killed in action in Hungary in October 1944.
At the beginning of July the division was in the reserve 58th Army and by the end of the month it had been assigned to 30th Army, both in Kalinin Front.
For the First Rzhev–Sychyovka Offensive Operation the 30th Army was committed along with the 29th Army of its Front and two armies of Western Front to break through the defenses of German 9th Army north and east of Rzhev.
The commander of the Front's artillery, Maj. Gen. N. M. Khlebnikov, recalled:By the end of the first day units of 30th Army had broken through on a front of 9 km and to a depth of 6 to 7 km.
Under these conditions the Army's units became bogged down in bitter fighting in the area of Polunino northeast of Rzhev and its offensive ground to a halt.
On the following day Army Gen. G. K. Zhukov was appointed to overall command of the two Fronts and proposed to liberate Rzhev with 30th and 31st Armies as soon as August 9.
However it was not until August 21 that Polunino finally fell to the combined efforts of 16th Guards, 2nd Guards Motorized and 52nd Rifle Divisions, after which these severely depleted units advanced to the outskirts of Rzhev.
Over the next two days it reached the Volga River 5–6 km west of the city and forced a crossing on August 29, but was unable to go farther.
During September 30 Army continued to attack, gradually gaining several blocks in the northeast sector of the city before finally going over to the defense on October 1.
In the course of the fighting through August and September it suffered total personnel losses of 99,820 to gain 10 km on its right flank and 20 km on its left.
Col. Pyotr Grigorevich Shafranov was reassigned from command of the 44th Guards Artillery Regiment to command of the division the following day; he would be promoted to the rank of major general on November 27.
In January, 1943 the division was moved to the reserves of Western Front for further rebuilding and in February it was assigned to 50th Army in the same Front but considerably farther to the south.
Its history recounted:Prior to this date the 16th Guards had been again transferred, now to 33rd Army, still in Western Front.
In April the division was shuffled once again, now to the 16th Guards Rifle Corps of 16th Army, remaining in Western Front.
Before the German offensive at Kursk had ended the Bryansk and Western Fronts began an offensive against the northeastern flank of the German-held salient around Oryol on July 12.
More than half of its tanks and panzergrenadiers attacked over a commanding height and ran into the 16th Guards Corps, which was itself preparing for an attack with strong tank support.
The German armor, driving eastward, was blinded by the rising sun and did not see the Soviet tanks and guns until they were at very close range.
On August 15 both the 16th Guards Corps and the 16th Guards Division were among the units recognized by the Supreme High Command for their roles in the liberation of Karachev, and the division was one of four that were awarded its name as an honorific.
Ideally the right flank of Army Group Center would be destabilized and in retreat after evacuating the Oryol salient, but in the event it consolidated along the Hagen line at its base.
On July 30 the 11th Guards Army was transferred to Bryansk Front and advanced towards the Front's namesake city through August and September.
When the Front was disbanded on October 10 the Army accompanied its headquarters northwest to the area east of Velikiye Luki.
The headquarters was used to establish Baltic Front (2nd Baltic Front as of October 20) and the Army remained under its command.
Given the complex situation in the Nevel region, where the 3rd and 4th Shock Armies had carved out a large salient behind the lines of German 16th Army (Army Group North) and 3rd Panzer Army (Army Group Center), Col. Gen. Bagramyan, who now commanded the Front, planned an attack along the Gorodok - Vitebsk axis with 11th Guards Army.
The Corps was on the east side of the apex of the salient held by 3rd Panzer Army, due south of Lake Ezerishche, with all three divisions (16th, 84th Guards and 360th Rifle) in first echelon.
Of the Corps' three divisions only the 84th Guards was able to penetrate the German's first defensive positions on the first day of the assault; by contrast the 16th Guards managed an advance of only 400-600m before being halted by heavy German fire.
Following this success the 16th Guards Division expanded the penetration toward Laptevka and Surmino in the rear of the German 87th Infantry Division, which was also being pressed eastward by elements of 4th Shock Army.
By early on the 15th that division, along with part of the 129th, had been completely encircled by the advance forces of the two Soviet armies.
The remnants of the pocketed units struggled to escape to the southwest over the next 24 hours; some did, but many did not.
While much of 11 Guards Army spent December 17 and 18 reducing the German pocket the 36th Guards Corps advanced 6 - 8km south towards hastily-erected defenses held by the remaining forces of 20th Panzer, 252nd and 129th Infantry and 6th Luftwaffe Field Divisions.
This line was soon overcome and Gorodok was finally liberated on December 24; three days earlier the 16th Guards Division had been recognized for its successes in the earlier stages of the offensive with the award of the Order of the Red Banner.
On January 6, 1944 the 1st Baltic Front began a new offensive with 11th Guards and 4th Shock Armies from the northwest in the direction of that city.
Lt. Gen. K. N. Galitskiy, the 11th Guards commander, designated the 16th and 36th Guards Corps as the Army's shock groups, which were to penetrate the defenses of the German LIII Army Corps in the Mashkina and Lake Zaronovskoe sector before advancing on Vitebsk north of the Sorotino-Vitebsk road.
General Galitskiy later described the struggle of 16th Guards for the German strongpoint at the village of Kukhori as an example of the frustrating fighting during this offensive:A full rifle regiment of the division assaulted the strongpoint twice between January 9-11 but even with support of a sapper company and heavy artillery fire failed to dislodge the defenders.
This was formed from a battalion of the 43rd Guards Regiment supported by a reinforced reconnaissance company and sappers, subdivided into several assault groups each with a specific objective.
Galitskiy formed his shock group from the 8th and 36th Guards Corps backed by the 1st Tank Corps and facing the 87th Infantry Division plus battlegroups from 20th Panzer and the 201st Security Divisions from Mashkina southward past Lake Zaronovskoe to Gorbachi.
After an extensive artillery preparation the shock group quickly overcame the forward defenses of the 87th Infantry and in two days of fighting advanced up to 3.5km.
The 16th and 84th Guards Divisions reached the western outskirts of Kisliaki and captured the German strongpoint at Gorodishche on the north shore of Lake Zaronovskoe.
By the end of February 3 the shock group had made enough progress that General Bagramyan released the 26th Guards Rifle Division from 36th Guards Corps' second echelon, while 1st Tank Corps went into action the next morning.
The tanks attacked along the Kozly and Mikhali axis at dawn and in two days of heavy fighting with the help of their supporting riflemen managed to advance another 4km, taking Kozly and Novoselki before being halted by 20th Panzer.
By the end of February 5, although LIII Corps had lost considerable territory north of the Vitebsk-Sirotino road its defenses were firming up.
After a brief regrouping the attack began again on February 7 but 36th Corps made no notable progress before the offensive was halted on February 16.
By now 1st Tank Corps had fewer than 10 tanks serviceable, the rifle divisions of 11th Guards Army numbered fewer than 3,000 personnel each due to nearly constant combat since mid-fall, and they had used up most of their ammunition.
The next day Bagramyan was ordered to withdraw the Army for rest and refitting with the intention to commit it against Army Group North which was falling back from Leningrad.
In the event, after a period in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command it was reassigned to 3rd Belorussian Front in May.
On April 27 General Ryzhikov was briefly replaced in command by Lt. Col. Vasilii Vasilevich Kilkhanidze but returned to his post on May 22.
In the buildup to the summer offensive against Army Group Center the 11th Guards Army trained intensively in the forests in the Nevel region and received over 20,000 replacements, bringing the 16th Guards and the rest of its rifle divisions to an average of 7,200 personnel each.
Beginning on May 25 the Army moved up well behind the front of 3rd Belorussian, followed by a secret move of 300km on June 12-13 to a sector north of the Dniepr River 30km northeast of Orsha, replacing elements of 31st Army.
General Galitskiy screened most of his sector with the 16th Guards Corps while the 8th and 36th Corps concentrated on a narrow sector adjacent to 31st Army.
On June 22 the 36th Corps was crammed into less than 10km with 8th Corps and had two heavy tank regiments and two assault gun regiments attached.
General Galitskiy decided to launch his main attack along the highway to Minsk on a sector from Ostrov Yurev to Kirieva.
The immediate objective was to break through the German defense and pave the way for the 2nd Guards Tank Corps to seize the line of the Orshitsa River by the end of the first day.
36th Guards Corps, on the Army's left flank, would attack the sector from Slepin to Kirieva towards Shalashino to reach just outside Makarovo.
Along with the other first-echelon divisions of its Front, the 16th Guards prepared a forward battalion to take part in a reconnaissance in force which was conducted through the afternoon and evening of June 22, supported by a 25-minute artillery preparation.
While the main purpose of this reconnaissance was to uncover the German fire system, seizing their forward defenses was a secondary goal.
While the battalions of 5th Army to the north had considerable success in this regard in 11th Guards Army only the battalions of the division and the 31st Guards Rifle Division were able to consolidate the first German trench line.
The 8th and 36th Guards Corps encountered fierce resistance from the 78th Assault Division and other German units and through the day only advanced 2km.
While 8th and 16th Guards Corps advanced as much as 14km during the day, 36th Corps had still not cleared a path for the commitment of 2nd Guards Tanks.
The next day the Army focused its efforts on the sector of 16th Corps which threw the German forces back another 7-12km and was by now deeply outflanking Orsha from the north.
On June 26 as the leading Corps of 11th Guards attacked towards Borisov to prevent 4th Army from withdrawing across the Berezina River, the 36th Corps prepared to capture Orsha in conjunction with 31st Army.
The Corps began fighting in the northern and western outskirts in the late evening and after stubborn fighting the city was completely cleared by 0700 hours on June 27.
By now the 36th Corps was 35-40km in the rear of the rest of 11th Guards Army and it spent the next few days catching up.
On June 29 the main body of 11th Guards advanced 30km, closing to within 22-28km of the Berezina while 36th Corps covered up to 40km pursuing rapidly retreating German forces.
By the end of the next day the entire 11th Guards had consolidated along a line from Lishitsy to Logoisk to Sarnatsk to Smolevichi.
This line was cracked by a deliberate attack beginning at midday on July 7 despite German tank ambushes and heavy counterattacks.
On July 8 the leading units of the Army advanced another 25-30km and by now were approaching Vilnius, which held a garrison of about 15,000 men.
While the battle for this city went on until the 13th forward detachments of 5th Guards Tank reached the Neman River, followed by the left flank and center forces of the Front.
By the end of July 15 the Army, in cooperation with 5th Army, had seized a bridgehead 28km long and 2-6km deep, while it also was maintaining a second bridgehead up to 6km deep.
These continued to expand in fighting through to the 20th while repelling German counterattacks, at which point the Front went over to a temporary defense.
By now the 16th Guards had only two companies in each rifle battalion, and each company averaged 25-30 men; in addition the 44th Guards Artillery was lagging behind.
On August 12 the division was awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Degree, for its part in the forcing of the Neman.
On the 20th General Ryzhikov handed his command to Maj. Gen. Georgii Andrianovich Vasilev, but returned to his post on September 4.
On October 16 Ryzhikov left the division again, now to become acting commander, and later deputy commander, of 36th Guards Corps.
On the same day the division, along with the rest of 11th Guards, began attacking into East Prussia as part of the Front's abortive Goldap-Gumbinnen Operation, which ended in early November.
In the planning for the Vistula-Oder Offensive the 11th Guards Army began in the second echelon of 3rd Belorussian Front, on a sector from Kybartai to Kaukern on the right and Millunen to Georgenburg on the left.
I. D. Chernyakhovsky, decided to use his 11th Guards, 5th and 28th Armies to encircle and eliminate the German Insterburg - Gumbinnen group of forces, with the objective of pursuing and advancing directly on Königsberg.
General Galitskiy chose to attack the town at night with the 36th Guards Corps, to break into the town from the north and destroy the German garrison (remnants of the 1st, 56th and 349th Infantry Divisions with tanks from the 5th Panzer Division) in cooperation with 5th Army's 72nd Rifle Corps from the northeast and east.
The 36th Guards Corps carried out a regrouping and attacked at 2300 hours on January 21 following a 20-minute artillery preparation; it was met by powerful machine gun and mortar fire and frenzied counterattacks.
In response the Corps commander, Lt. Gen. P. K. Koshevoi, committed the 84th Guards Division from second echelon and at 0100 hours on January 22 its regiments broke through the defense.
Facing encirclement, most of the German forces began falling back to the south with the 16th and 18th Guards in pursuit to the Inster River.
After failing to blow the bridges the German troops fell back in disorder into the town, closely followed by the two Guards divisions.
Despite this the supporting 75th Tank Regiment, mounted with sub-machine gunners, broke into Insterburg at 0230 hours, and its gains were soon consolidated by the attacking guardsmen.
Suffering heavy losses from direct artillery and automatic weapons fire the garrison fell back to the town's center as 72nd Corps entered the fray.
On February 19 the 46th and 49th Guards Rifle Regiments would be decorated with the Order of the Red Banner for their roles in the taking of this town, while the 44th Guards Artillery Regiment would receive the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd Degree.
Also on January 22 the remainder of 11th Guards Army reached the Kurisches Haff along with elements of 43rd and 39th Armies, before developing its attack to the southwest and forcing the Pregel River.
On January 30 the 16th Guards Corps reached the Frisches Haff, cutting off the German Königsberg grouping from the south while the 8th and 36th Guards Corps attacked some of the city's fortifications from the march and captured several permanent concrete structures.
On February 9 these three Soviet armies operating close to Königsberg were transferred to 1st Baltic Front while 3rd Belorussian focused on eliminating the large group of German forces in the western regions of East Prussia.
As of February 24 the 1st Baltic was redesignated as the Zemland Group of Forces with the three armies and 3rd Air Army under command, now back as part of 3rd Belorussian Front.
Its left flank was able to advance 2-3km and the attack continued into the night and the following day through dense fog.
On March 15 the 36th Guards Corps captured Wangitt on the Frisches Haff, again cutting communications with the city, and three days later helped to take the strongpoint of Ludwigsort.
When the assault on Königsberg began on April 6 the 11th Guards was responsible for the attack from the south, with 36th Guards Corps on the left flank, closest to the Frisches Haff.
For the attack the Army was reinforced with the 23rd Tank Brigade, three self-propelled artillery regiments, a Guards heavy tank regiment, the 10th Artillery Division and many other artillery units.
36th and 16th Guards Corps made the most progress, penetrating 4km into the German defenses, blockading two forts, clearing 43 city blocks and beginning fighting for the railway station.
On the afternoon of April 8 it forced the Pregel to the northwest of Ponart and linked up with 43rd Army, cutting off the fortress from the forces of the German Samland Group and also capturing the port area.
During the assault on Königsberg the 16th Guards Division was credited with 8,000 German officers and men killed or captured, plus 86 guns and 10 tanks as trophies.
In the Samland offensive that followed beginning on April 13 the 11th Guards Army was initially in the Zemland Group's second echelon.
It was committed into the first line overnight on April 17/18, relieving 2nd Guards Army on the Vistula Spit, facing the heavily fortified town of Pillau.
After reconnaissance over the next two days the 16th and 36th Guards Corps attacked at 1100 hours on April 20 but made little progress, which did not change the following day.
On May 17, in recognition of their services in the battle for Königsberg, the 43rd Guards Rifle Regiment was awarded the Order of Suvorov, 3rd Degree, the 46th and 49th Guards Rifle Regiments each received the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd Degree, and the 44th Guards Artillery Regiment was decorated with the Order of Aleksandr Nevsky.
The 16th Guards Division returned to the 16th Guards Rifle Corps in late 1946 after the 8th Guards Rifle Corps headquarters was transferred to become an airborne corps; it remained with the 16th Guards Rifle Corps until the disbandment of the latter headquarters in 1957.
It became the 16th Guards Motor Rifle Division on June 25, 1957, directly controlled by the 11th Guards Army headquarters, before being disbanded on September 1, 1960.
Created by the restaurant's founder and manager Eugene Krabs, it is what the main character SpongeBob cooks throughout his job as a fry cook, and the restaurant's trademark food and most famous burger in Bikini Bottom.
The Krabby Patty formula is a closely guarded trade secret, and rival restaurateur Plankton's futile attempts at acquiring the secret formula is a major recurring theme throughout the series.
The Krusty Krab usually attracts customers from Bikini Bottom because of the Krabby Patty's renowned taste and the fact that Plankton's restaurant, the Chum Bucket, has a menu consisting of mostly inedible chum.
Due to the lack of viable competition, Mr. Krabs is generally free to engage in price gouging, a practice he has been known to do throughout the show.
The Krabby Patty is made out of a frozen hamburger with buns, the patty, pickles, lettuce, tomatoes, cheese, ketchup, mustard, and onions and with a Krabby Patty secret formula, though said secret formula has never been revealed in the series.
The sandwich comprises two buns, with the patty, lettuce, cheese, onions, tomatoes, ketchup, mustard, and pickles between them, (in that order).
A running gag is Plankton's obsession with obtaining it as a way to produce the sandwiches and attract customers to his across-the-street restaurant, the Chum Bucket.
Mr. Lawrence, a show writer and Plankton's voice actor, explained that the show's writers are not allowed to depict fish as food; he stated that there is no meat served in Bikini Bottom except at the Chum Bucket.
In 2008, a doctor with Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine warned parents to be aware of where the candy their child consumes is produced due to contamination then found in Chinese milk; Spongebob Gummy Krabby Patties were among those candies produced in China.
In 2019, a reporter with the student newspaper of Capital University gave the gummy candies a rating of a 2 out of 10 in their review of Halloween candy.
The Krabby Patty has been used by Katy Perry as a second costume on the red carpet at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.
His work has appeared in Asimov's Science Fiction, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Black Gate, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Flashing Swords!, The Mythic Circle, and Strange Horizons.
It hosts a collection of valuable antique instruments dating back centuries, as well as rare musical recordings, manuscripts, and publications relating to Andalusi music and its legacy.
Piotr Fast (born on November 1, 1951 in Warsaw) is a Polish professor, historian of Russian literature, Translation Studies scholar and translator.
For many years he was associated with the University of Silesia in Katowice where he was hired in 1975, obtained doctor's degree in 1980, habilitated doctor’s degree in 1987), academic title of professor (1995) and performed various executive functions (including deputy rector for Student Affairs – 1990-1993).
After that he was employed at the Tischner European University in Cracow and at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Technology and Humanities in Bielsko-Biala (2012-2014).
He has published over 200 scientific and popular science articles, reviews, translations of scholarly texts and translations of Russian prose and poetry, including Iosif Brodsky, Yevgeny Rein, Nikolay Rubtsov, Yuri Druzhnikov, Ilya Ehrenburg, Alexander Woronski, Grigory Danilevsky.
He is a member of the Slavic Studies Committee at the Polish Academy of Sciences, the International Comparative Literature Association and the Literary Translators Association, the chairman of the Translation Committee of the International Committee of Slavists.
Piotr Fast has received the award of the Minister of National Education and has been decorated with Bronze, Silver and Gold Crosses of Merit, KEN Medal, Medal of Alexander Pushkin and the Gold Badge of Merit of the University of Silesia.
These sculptures and paintings comprise a complex, self-referential artistic program in which one of the most celebrated artists of his generation explored reception of Classical antiquity, creative inspiration, doppelgängers, and female beauty.
In December 1870, at a site called Tanagra in Greece, archaeologists unearthed a group of Hellenistic terra cotta figurines bearing traces of original polychrome.
The Tanagra figurines, which depicted not gods or heroes but ordinary people, were exhibited at the Exposition Universelle of 1878 in Paris, where they charmed and fascinated the public.
His famous images of gladiator combats, chariot races, slave markets, the assassination of Julius Caesar, and other subjects from ancient Greece and Rome were widely influential.
Although Gérôme opposed the admission of female art students to the École des Beaux-Arts, both of these paintings depict a female artist who is painting copies of Gérôme's Hoop Dancer figurine (a modern anachronism retrojected back in time).
These Hoop Dancers are offered for sale, along with other figurines, to browsing art-lovers (all female) who themselves resemble Tanagra figurines.
Behind the model on its own stand is a large polychrome Hoop Dancer statuette of the sort Gérôme made for sale to the public.
The self-portraits depict a real sculptor (Gérôme) bringing life to a statue by copying a living woman; the Pygmalion paintings depict a mythical sculptor whose statue is becoming a living woman.
But Gérôme painted at least one variant (now in a private collection), in which Pygmalion and Galatea are seen kissing from the front.
Viji Penkoottu (born 1968) created the women's union, Asanghaditha Mekhala Thozhilali Union (Union for workers of unorganised sectors) as a part of women's group Penkoottu, in Kerala, India and won basic rights for women working as saleswomen, including the right to sit during working hours.
As a child, Viji worked as a volunteer at the National Women's Conference held in 1992 in Kozhikode, where she found her political inspiration and direction in feminism.
At the time, as part of the motivation towards her future movements, whilst most of the family members in the home worked for money for the family, her father worked and spent money for parties and social events.
In the early 2000s, she organized meetings where women would compare salaries and working conditions at the biggest commercial area in Kozhikode, Mittayitheru.
At the time some were not allowed to drink water during summers, and others not able to go to the bathroom.
Even if there were no customers in the store, women would be paid less if they were caught sitting down on the security cameras.
It was after seeing this injustice, Viji created Penkoottu, a women's group named after the local word for 'a crowd of/ a friendship between women' that spread through several districts in Kerala.
After a law was passed winning several rights for working women on July 4, 2018, Viji still fights for many rights that have yet to be won.
She currently is the leader for the women-centric labour organization Asanghaditha Mekhala Thozhilali Union (AMTU), formed in 2014, translating to ‘Union of Workers in the Unorganized Sector’.
There have been disagreements from other union organizations however that state there is a space, and more women need to come forward.
Viji also pushes for the use of the word 'worker' over 'staff, due to the higher associated strength in the word.
Conjugated estrogens/methyltestosterone (CEEs/MT), sold under the brand name Premarin with Methyltestosterone, is a combination of conjugated estrogens (CEEs), an estrogen, and methyltestosterone (MT), an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAR), which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for women.
Jela Krečič graduated in 2002 the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Ljubljana; in 2009, under the mentorship of Mladen Dolar, she earned a PhD in philosophy from the Faculty of Arts.
Eugenia Pragierowa née Berke (14 July 1888 – 5 May 1964) was a lawyer, Polish socialist activist, feminist, and a politician representing the Polish Socialist Party and the Polish United Workers' Party.
In the years 1910–1914 she was a member of the PPS-Left, from 1919 a member of PPS, from 1919 to 1925, head of the Labor Protection Department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, and from 1925 to 1939 lecturer at the Free Polish University.
From 1945, he was the director of the department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, and then the Undersecretary of State in this ministry.
In 1948 she became a member of the Central Audit Commission of the Polish United Workers' Party, and in 1948-1954 a member of the Central Committee of the party.
She was vice-president of the Main Board of the League of Polish Women until 1964 and a delegate to the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), a socialist-feminist organization that was created in 1945 in Paris at the International Congress of Women.
Hero Elementary is an upcoming children's animated television series created and produced by Portfolio Entertainment Gummybear International Inc. and Twin Cities PBS.
The series involves Lucita Sky, AJ Gadgets, Sara Snap and Benny Bubbles, led by their quirky and enthusiastic teacher, Mr. Sparks, work together to help people, solve problems, and try to make the world a better place.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is Canada's national police force established in 1920 after the Cabinet moved to have the Royal North-West Mounted Police absorb the Dominion Police.
In recent years there has been growing criticism of the level of harassment occurring within the RCMP and how harassment complaints are handled internally.
Using data from the 2016 General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians at Work and Home, Statistics Canada finds that 19% of women and 13% of men experienced harassment in the workplace in the past year of at least one type (verbal abuse, humiliating behaviour, threats, physical violence, and unwanted sexual attention or sexual harassment), with verbal abuse being most commonly experienced.
Workplace Bullying Survey found that 61% of people who are bullied at work lose their job, and 74% lose their particular job (i.e.
If employees leave their job, this increases recruitment and training costs for companies and may place harassed individuals in an economically unstable position.
It has been found that harassment increases employee's use of their benefits programs and sick leaves, and reduces their productivity, significantly impacting employers.
Created in 1988, the Civilian Review and Complaints Commission (originally known as the Commission for Public Complaints against the RCMP) is an independent, impartial body that receives complaints from the public and reviews the handling of complaints when the complainant is dissatisfied with the RCMP's review process.
In a statement by Odette Lalumière, Senior Counsel for the Canadian Judicial Counsel, spoke specifically to the RCMP’s handling of internal harassment policy complaints, stating that their policy must comply with Treasury Board policy.
In November 2011, Ian McPhail, the former Interim Chair of the Commission for Public Complaints against the RCMP (now known as Civilian Review and Complaints Commission) made an official complaint and declared the initiation of a public interest investigation regarding the process in which allegations of harassment within RCMP workplaces are handled.
(b) If a written complaint is made, it is referred to a Human Resources Officer who decides if there is sufficient evidence to warrant a final decision or if there needs to be a further investigation.
The Human Resources Officer makes recommendations to the Responsible Officer (the Responsible Officer is typically a police officer from the same Division as the complainants) who makes the ultimate final decision regarding the complaint.
(c) If the Human Resources Officer recommends a criminal investigation, they will inform the Responsible Officer who will initiate a Code of Conduct investigation pursuant to Part IV of the RCMP Act.
In 2015, four RCMP officers (Alice Fox, Catherine Galliford, Susan Gastaldo and Atoya Montague) who were in the midst of civil lawsuits against the RCMP for alleged harassment wrote to the Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, and the Liberal Members of Parliament and Senators.
The letter asked these figures for support in ensuring the women were not discharged from the RCMP before their civil legal proceedings were concluded.
), found that the process of civil litigation regarding alleged workplace harassment in the RCMP places unfair burden on the complainant, particularly in financial and emotional costs.
These four cases resulted in a significant win for current and former female RCMP employees who had experienced harassment within the workplace.
On October 6, 2016, the then RCMP Commissioner, Bob Paulson, officially apologized and offer $100 million in compensation for harassment and sexual abuse against female officers and employees in the RCMP, affecting more than 3,100 officers who claimed these offences occurred on the job.
In 2019, a class action lawsuit was formed on the grounds of alleged gender and sexual orientation-based discrimination and harassment within the RCMP.
While the RCMP has not admitted liability, they have settled with compensation of $10,000 - $220,000 for public-identified females who experienced harassment (including sexual harassment, physical assault, bullying based on gender or sexual orientation, sexual assault, and intimidation or abuse based on gender or sexual orientation) from September 16,1974 (the first year women were welcomed into the RCMP) to July 5, 2019 by RCMP personnel.
She was a member of the Løgting, the parliament of the Faroe Islands, representing Suðuroy for the Workers' Union party, 1994-1998.
The duathlon competition at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Subic Bay Freeport Zone from 2 to 5 December 2019.
The mixed relay event was originally scheduled to take place on 4 December 2019 but was rescheduled to take place earlier on 2 December 2019 due to the anticipated weather caused by Typhoon Kanmuri (Tisoy).
It is an annex chapel in the Kyrkjebø parish which is part of the Sunnfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.
The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1914 as a prayer house using designs by the architect Andreas P. Vattekar.
Boxing at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Philippine International Convention Center Forum in Pasay, Metro Manila from 4 to 9 December 2019.
Host Philippines emerged as the overall champion for the first time since 2005 after winning seven gold, three silver and two bronze medals.
Twelve of 13 Filipino entries went on to win medals with Olympians Rogen Ladon and Charly Suarez and 2019 AIBA World Championships silver medalist Eumir Marcial leading the way.
Gabuco won a record fifth SEA Games gold medal while Petecio finally tasted success after being denied the top prize in 2013 and 2015.
The only Filipino fighter who failed to bring home a medal was defending light heavyweight champion John Marvin, who lost to Vietnam’s Truong Dinh Hoang in the quarterfinals.
Vietnam was the only other nation to win a gold medal in boxing, courtesy of Nguyen Thi Tam in the women’s flyweight division.
The Wairere Power Station is a hydroelectric power facility in the Waikato region in New Zealand which makes use of water from the Mokau River.
Water is drawn from behind a dam above the Wairere Falls, which diverts the water through two penstocks to the Wairere Power Station, before being discharged back into the Mokau River.
Three more generating units were added between 1938 and 1981 before a major refurbishment resulted in three of the units being replaced by a single generating unit in 2013-2014.
After being hired in 1903 by the Public Works Minister William Hall-Jones to investigate the hydro-electric potential of New Zealand, American electrical engineer L. M. Hancock identified 41 locations in 1904.
Lawrence Birks had become the chief electrical engineer of the Public Works Department (PWD) in 1919 was familiar with the falls and was able to convince a number of residents of Aria and Piopio that the Mokau River and Wairere Falls should be developed.
As a result, in November 1919 a group of citizens in Aria and Piopio formed a committee to undertake the work.
Clime & Son to undertake an investigation which he reported on at two meetings that were held recently at Piopio and Aria respectively.
Climie estimated that a turbine capacity of 125 hp would be ample to supply present requirements within a radius of the proposed power station and that double this amount would meet the demand for many years, provided no large industry such as a freezing or lime works required a supply.
As work progressed the committee were invited by an offer in August 1922 to amalgamate their efforts with the new created Te Kuiti provisional power board.
Wishing to maintain their independence and aware that they were remote from Te Kuiti they decided to continue on their own.
Despite the withdraw of some of the potential customers who had initially expressed their support the Wairere Electric Power Board was established in January 1923.
Following acceptance, the board began the process of obtaining the required water, power and distribution licences, as well as polling the ratepayers in their area to raise a loan to pay for the works.
Climie had estimated that the construction of the power station and associated distribution network would cost ₤38,500 plus an additional amount to pay for the first three years of operation until sufficient customers could be connected.
With the assistance of their local MP the board was able to obtain enough funds to commence construction of the power station.
The power station commenced commercial generation in December 1925, with 80 customers receiving a supply in Aria and Piopio and surrounding districts by January 1926.
The new power station was officially opened on 27 May 1926 by Prime Minister Gordon Coates with a single generating unit (G1) which had a Boving & Co horizontal Francis turbine driving a ASEA generator which gave an original installed capacity of 480 kW, which was generated at 6.6 kV.
The generating unit was supplied with water via a concrete and steel {convert|1.15|m|ft|abbr=on}} diameter, {convert|43|m|ft|abbr=on}} long penstock with a capacity of up to 3.1 cumecs.
By 1936 the Wairere Power Board had an annual revenue of £5,000, with the power station supplying about 350 consumers via approximately 120 miles of transmission line.
On 9 January 1936 while in the process of assisting in installing a new and more efficient stator on the generating unit Francis Rosengrave Harvey, an engineer employed by the Wairere Power Board was electrocuted and killed at the power station when a ruler with which he was taking measurements, came into contact with live equipment.
In 1938 the powerhouse was extended which allowed an additional 240 kW machine (G2) with a Boving & Co horizontal Francis turbine driving a ASEA generator to be installed which increased the total installed capacity to 624 kW.
This generating unit was supplied via a dual end concrete {convert|2.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} diameter, {convert|35|m|ft|abbr=on}} long penstock with a capacity of up to 7.1 cumecs to G2.
Eels were initially a problem at the power station, which was solved in 1939 by suspending an electrified rod in the surge chamber.
Following a period of dry weather which reduced the station's output and faced with increasing demand the board installed a second hand 200 kW diesel generator at the power station to supplement the station's output.
The commissioning of the second generating unit (G2) allowed essential loads to be supplied while G1 to be taken out of service and overhauled after having been in practically continuous operation since its installation.
While this repair was being carried out opportunity was taken install a new and more efficient stainless-steel runner, a rubber-lined submerged bearing was installed in place of the old oil circulation bearing, and improvements made to the lubrication system.
To impound more water a weir was built across the head of the falls and flashboards installed to raise the river level.
The tailrace was deepened in order to utilise all of the available head, while the riverbed downstream from the power station was blasted to remove the rock bars which have impeded the flow of the stream below the station.
Associated with the expansion of the power station the capacity of the transmission line which conveyed power from the power station to Piopio was doubled to cope with the heavy increase in consumption in this part of the Board's district.
Following the death of the power station's operator in October 1942 the offer of his widow Isobel Gibbs to undertake his duties as a contribution to the war effort was accepted at a salary of ₤4 10 shillings, which was 25% less than her late husbands.
Following the end of the Second World War the board hired Lloyd Mandeno to about improving the power station and its connection to the system.
He recommended that the board build a tie-line to connect the power station's output to the State Hydro-Electric Department's (SHD) system which would allow the board to supply its customers when the station was unable to supply all of its load as well as allowing them during periods of low load to sell any surplus generation from Wairere to the SHD.
A condition of the connection to the SHD system was that the power station had to be manned 24 hours a day, which led to a second operator joining Mrs Gibbs at the power station.
In August 1952 a major upgrade of the power station was completed which included the installation of an additional generating unit (G3) which had a horizontal Francis turbine driving a 825 kW Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto generator.
Following discussions that had been going on intermittently since the early 1930s the Wairere Electric Power Board merged with the Waitomo Electric Power Board in 1978 and took its name.
Between 1978 and 1981 the Wairere Power Station was upgraded at a cost of NZ$2 million and a new machine (G4) was added in 1981 which improved efficiency and maximized the use of the river flow.
In response to the introduction of the Energy Companies Act in 1992, the Waitomo Electric Power Board changed its financial structure to become Waitomo Energy Services Ltd.
In 1998 the New Zealand Government passed the Electricity Industry Reform Act which was intended to change the structure of the electricity industry to encourage competition.
This Act required the operational separation of lines and generation business activities by 1 July 1999 and separation of the ownership by 1 January 2004.
During the summer period of 2009 it was estimated that 1000 eels migrated downstream through the fish passage while approximately {convert|160|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of juvenile eels (elvers) had moved upstream.
In 2010 the company reviewed the operation of Wairere and identified the option of either overhauling the three old units or install a single new one.
The company opted for the latter and in December 2013 decommissioned units 1, 2 and 3 and replaced them with a single new generating unit, G5.
The commissioning of the new generating unit in June 2014, lead to a five per cent improvement in efficiency compared to what the older three units produced altogether.
As well as the installation of a new penstock, draft tube, main inlet valve, turbine, and generator, two of the existing turbines and associated draft tubes were removed.
In 2015 Trustpower became a majority shareholder of King Country Energy, which lead in 2017 to Trustpower taking over operation of all of KCE’s power stations following the signing of an operation and maintenance contract with KCE.
Water is impounded by a {convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} high concrete dam with a spillway flap gate, that can discharge up to 110 cumecs in normal conditions and up to 320 cumecs in a flood.
From each intake a single penstock transports the water to respectively the powerhouse, which was built in the late 1980s to house machine G4 and to a second powerhouse containing machine G5 which was commissioned in 2014.
The penstock that supplies G4 has a capacity of 17.55 cumecs, is of concrete construction, has a diameter of {convert|2.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} and is {convert|50.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length.
Generating unit G5 which was installed in 2014 consists of a Turab 1.12 m dia horizontal Francis turbine driving a 1.2 MW generator.
The power station is embedded within The Lines Company network behind Transpower's Hangitaki Substation, but can also be switched within The Lines Company network to support Transpower's Whakamaru substation on a limited supply basis.
The Lincolnton Historic District, in Lincolnton, Georgia, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
The offspring has the same status as the mother, so if the mother is glatt (smooth lungs with no lesions) the offspring is glatt even if its lungs are not smooth.
There are a number of parts of the animal that are not permitted to be eaten, with the ben pekuah these parts (such as the gid hanasheh and the helev fats are permitted, although blood is still forbidden.
However a ben pekuah that mates with a regular animal, the offspring is forbidden to be eaten even with regular shechita.
There has been a recent attempt to create a herd of ben pekuah animals, in order to reduce the cost of kosher meat.
Nehemiah 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 18th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
The part comprising the two chapters (this and the next) focus mainly on Ezra; with this chapter recording Ezra’s reading and instructing God's law to the people, then together they celebrated the Feast of Tabernacles with great joy.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
An ancient Greek book called 1 Esdras (Greek: ) containing some parts of 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah is included in most editions of the Septuagint and is placed before the single book of Ezra–Nehemiah (which is titled in Greek: ).
The requirements of God's laws were founded on God's grace and the intention behind the Feast of Tabernacles was to commemorate God's miraculous deliverance of Israel.
Arnis at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Sports And Cultural Center of the Angeles University Foundation in Angeles, Pampanga from 1 to 3 December 2019.
Epacris petrophila, commonly known as the snow heath is a low-lying shrub, 30-60 cm in hight with flowers in short leafy clusters.
In front of a packed Oriel Park, Dundalk took a 2–0 lead, and Eddie van Boxtel saved an Eric Cantona penalty, before United ran out 4–2 winners.
Manager Dermot Keely, a Jim McLaughlin protege who had won the Double in 1978–79 as a player at Oriel, had to rebuild the squad due to its age profile, despite a worsening financial position.
Early in the new season, however, the financial issues came to a head, and a number of local businessmen formed a new Interim Company to take the club over, saving it from bankruptcy.
They reached finals in both the League Cup, (losing 2–1 on aggregate), and the Leinster Senior Cup (losing 2–1), and in the FAI Cup they were defeated in the quarter-final.
With seven games to go in the League as many as eight clubs were in contention, but Dundalk were the most consistent, and Keely steered his team to a ninth league title on a final day of drama.
They defeated Galway United at home, then, with players and supporters waiting on the pitch to hear the results of Shelbourne's and Derry City's matches, news filtered through that both had failed to win, confirming Dundalk as Champions - their third title in eight seasons.
The trophy presented was that won in 1991, as the new trophy lay unopened in Athlone, where Derry City had been favourites to win out on the day.
Retired US Ambassador Susan L. Ziadeh (1951-) is a member of the Middle East Institute’s Board of Governors who served as the U.S.
Before retiring after 23 years in the Foreign Service, Ziadeh served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Arabian Peninsula Affairs in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.
Other posts included Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Riyadh, Official Spokesperson at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, and Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Bahrain.
She is also a is a non-resident fellow at the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service’s Center for Contemporary Arab Studies (CCAS).
The inauguration of the jubilee celebrations took place at the plenary session of the National Committee of the Unity Front on 16 February 1960 in Kalisz.
It was decided to use the anniversary by both the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and the Polish United Workers' Party) for the propaganda in Poland.
The church planned the celebration of the millennium of the baptism of Poland while the state authorities strictly commemorated the jubilee of the beginnings of the Polish nation.
While most of the diaspora and the religious Catholic community celebrated the introduction of Christianity in Poland, the Communist-led government of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZWP), which pursued a state policy of atheism, sought to undermine the international celebrations be re-conveying the anniversary as an anniversary of the birth of the Polish nation.
This specifically caused friction between the PRL and the Vatican, which resulted in the twice denyal of Pope Paul VI to visit Poland in 1966.
As a result of the decision, it was decided the following year that the 10 złotych note designed by Józef Gosławski with the image of Mieszko I and Princess Doubravka as a 100-złotych silver commemorative coin.
By decree of the President of the Polish Government in Exile August Zaleski of 1 July 1966, it was decided to mint a commemorative Medal of the Millennium of Christian Poland.
On 30 July 1966, the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing issued over 100,000,000 commemorative stamps in honor of the millennium anniversary.
In 1966, Cardinal Primate Stefan Wyszynski traveled all over the country, visiting every region, during which he was welcomed by tens and hundreds of thousands of people.
On 15 May 1966, in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, Bishop Vladislav Rubin, a delegate from Cardinal Primate, sent papal mass in honor of the Polish Church Province.
Like most military parades during that era, it was held in front of a grandstand near the Palace of Culture and Science on Parade Square.
It was attended by Władysław Gomułka, the then First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party, as well as members of the PZWP and the Polish Council of State and the Sejm.
The parade commander who gave its commands and directions was Major General Czesław Waryszak (1919-1979), the commander of the Warsaw Military District.
It parade featured units such as the Representative Honor Guard of the LWP and the Band of the LWP (led by Colonel Lisztok), both of which provided ceremonial honors speicifacally.
It uniquely featured cadets of military academies and other ceremonial units dressed in Polish historical military uniforms dating back to the Piast dynasty.
Some of the eras and events represented were the Knights of Bolesław I the Brave, the Battle of Grunwald and the Polish Armed Forces in the East.
The Polish Aie Force also performed a flyover in the shape of a Piast Eagle The parade is today regarded as the largest military parade in the history of Poland.
The closing ceremony of the Millennium celebrations was held at the Congress of Polish Culture on 7-9 October 1966 in Warsaw, which was attended by writers, scientists and activists from all over the country.
The film stars Michel Côté as Simon, a man in the throes of a midlife crisis who quits his job and undertakes a road trip to the United States after inheriting a beach house from his late mother, only to find Laurence (Claire Nebout), a young woman from France, squatting on the property.
The film received three Genie Award nominations at the 12th Genie Awards in 1991, for Best Cinematography (Guy Dufaux), Best Overall Sound (Michel Descombes, Luc Boudrias, Jo Caron, Richard Besse) and Best Sound Editing (Jérôme Décarie, Marcel Pothier, Antoine Morin, Diane Boucher).
Virgil Macey Williams (October 29, 1830 - December 18, 1886) was an American painter, and the director of the San Francisco School of Design.
Myra Carroll Winkler (1880 – August 21, 1963) was an American educator and was the first woman to hold elected office in El Paso County.
Winkler was born in Corsicana, Texas and her father, Clinton M. Winkler, was one of the first judges on the Texas State Court of Appeals.
Winkler was elected superintendent of El Paso County schools in 1912, becoming the first woman elected to public office in El Paso County.
In 1923, Winkler became an adjunct professor of history and economics at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), becoming the second woman to work as faculty at the school.
A school, Myra Winkler County School, was named after her, though the name was changed to Travis Elementary School in the 1950s.
Typhoon Kammuri, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tisoy, was a powerful typhoon which impacted the Philippines in early December 2019.
The twenty-eighth named storm and sixteenth typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Kammuri developed from a tropical wave situated a couple hundred miles south of the Mariana Islands.
From November 25 up until November 27, the system tracked westward at a steady pace and rate of intensification, first making minor impacts in Guam.
From November 29 up until late December 1, Kammuri was unable to strengthen to previous estimates due to its near stationary movement as a result of weak steering currents, upwelling itself consequently.
On December 2, the system tracked westward at a much faster speed of 12 mph (19 km/h) and rapidly intensified over warm Philippine Sea waters, before making landfall in the Bicol Region of the Philippines at peak intensity as a category 4-equivalent typhoon.
Upon leaving the Philippines, Kammuri significantly weakened as wind shear increased and interaction with the Philippine islands caused the structure of the system to degrade rapidly, and throughout December 3, it stayed as a category 1-equivalent typhoon, with its outer rainbands barely on land.
Through December 5 and December 6, Kammuri weakened significantly and its low-level circulation center became exposed; as a result, it dissipated on December 6.
Kammuri then passed south of Guam, and further intensified into a severe tropical storm on November 27, and then into a typhoon the next day.
As the weak typhoon continued west, upwelling of itself due to its quasi-stationary movement combined with moderate wind shear hindered significant intensification of Kammuri over the next three days.
After entering the PAGASA's area of responsibility, Kammuri began to show signs of intensification again, and PAGASA noted the possibility of Kammuri making landfall in the Philippines as a somewhat powerful typhoon.
After very slowly moving west and on approach to the Philippines, the system began to accelerate towards the Philippines and then began to rapidly intensify by the time it came within 200 miles of the coast of Catanduanes, due to the lowering of wind shear and increasing ocean heat content; all of which combined to counteract the upwelling.
Kammuri reached its peak intensity as a low-end category 4-equivalent typhoon on 07:00 UTC on December 2, and PAGASA reported that Kammuri had made its first landfall over Gubat, Sorsogon at 11:00 pm, 2 December, very shortly after reaching its peak intensity.
Moving in a generally westward direction, Kammuri weakened into a Category 3 after land interaction and developed a new eye, moving very close to the Bondoc Peninsula before making its third and fourth landfalls at 8:30 am PST over Torrijos, Marinduque and at 12:30 pm PST over Naujan, Oriental Mindoro, respectively.
Kammuri's structure then began to suffer, with wind shear tearing apart convection on the western portion of the storm as it weakened back into a tropical storm while drifting over the South China Sea.
Kammuri lost its inner rainbands and its low-level circulation center became exposed to high wind shear, causing the system to dissipate on December 6 with the JMA issuing its final advisory on the system.
At their 119th Climate Forum, PAGASA discussed the possible threat of Kammuri to the Philippines and the potential landfall of Kammuri in the Bicol Region during the 2019 Southeast Asian Games as a powerful typhoon.
On November 28, PAGASA stated in a press conference that appropriate measures and linkaging with the 2019 SEA Games organizers have been in place in preparation for the typhoon, such as storm chasers and mobile radars dispatched to competition venues in Metro Manila and Central Luzon.
Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals (TCWS) #1, 2 and 3 warnings were issued as the storm began to come close to Luzon on December 2.
Provinces such as Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar and Biliran were raised to a TCWS #2 while Leyte and Southern Leyte only had a TCWS #2.
In the 12th severe weather bulletin issued by PAGASA on December 2, 2019, reported that prior to its first landfall, the southern eyewall of Typhoon Kammuri brought violent winds and intense rainfall over the neighboring province of Northern Samar.
Photos and video footage from the towns of Mapanas and Gamay, both located on Northern Samar's Pacific side, show severe flooding and high winds from the typhoon.
In Northern Samar, winds were reported to reach as up to 135 km/h (84 mph) with a total accumulated rainfall of 605.5 mm (23.8 inches) within the course of 24 hours on December 2.
After the passage of the storm, roads between regions, especially routes from the Bicol Region towards Manila were not passable due to fallen branches and uproot trees.
On December 4, the provinces of Albay and Sorsogon, and the city of Naga were issued a state of calamity after widespread damages were seen.
In Camarines Sur, about 293 classrooms suffered from major damages while the province of Albay had a total of 883 classrooms damaged as of December 5.
On December 4, Northern Samar's Province Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC) recommended a state of calamity, and shortly after, it was raised in two towns: Catarman and Gamay.
Massive destruction along with widespread flooding, damaged houses, landslides and even weak communication signal prompted their local government to issue the state of calamity in the two towns.
224,171 individuals were affected by Kammuri (Tisoy) in Northern Samar, and based on post-disaster assessment, about 28,577 houses were damages while an additional 3,774 were washed out by extreme flooding.
Power outages were seen in many villages, and the Northern Samar Electric Cooperative stated that power supply would be restored in Catarman and nearby towns by Christmas Day, but other towns could still suffer from no power until after Christmas.
Moreover, Kammuri's rain bands extended to as far north as Cagayan Valley, where, with the inclusion of the northeastern monsoon, saw one of the worst flooding in decades for the northern region.
There has been an estimated damages of ₱5.9 billion (US$116 million) to crops and agriculture and about ₱6.1 million (US$120 thousand) to relief efforts and assistance.
104 road sections and 3 bridges were damaged due to Kammuri, of which 19 road sections and 2 bridges were still considered impassable a week after landfall.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games, held in the Philippines this year, had several matches and events either cancelled or rescheduled due to Kammuri.
Occidental Mindoro also withdrew as hosts of the 2020 Palarong Pambansa, the national students sports competition of the Philippines, due to damage caused by Kammuri in the province.
Maureen E. Quinn is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service who served as the United States Ambassador to Qatar from 2001 to 2004.
Stateside, her posts included Deputy Executive Secretary in the Executive Secretariat; Executive Assistant to the Under-Secretary for Economic Affairs and a Pearson Fellowship in the US House of Representatives.
Atiye, a painter in Istanbul, embarks on a personal journey as she unearths universal secrets about an Anatolian archaeological site and its link to her past.
The Legend of Kootenai Brown, retitled Showdown at Williams Creek in the United States, is a Canadian Western drama film, directed by Allan Kroeker and released in 1991.
The film stars Tom Burlinson as Kootenay Brown, a mining prospector who was active in the 1860s in British Columbia and Montana, but ended up on trial for murder after killing a man in a duel.
The cast also includes Donnelly Rhodes as conman McTooth; Michelle Thrush as Olivia D'Lonais, Brown's Métis love interest; and Raymond Burr as the judge at Brown's murder trial.
The film received two Genie Award nominations at the 12th Genie Awards in 1991, for Best Overall Sound (Larry Sutton, Bill Sheppard, Paul A. Sharpe) and Best Sound Editing (Gael MacLean, Alison Grace, Mike Keeping, Ingrid Rosen, Anke Bakker).
The Mid-American Conference Baseball Player of the Year is an annual award given to the Mid-American Conference's most outstanding baseball player.
A graduate of Polish philology at the University of Warsaw, she completed doctoral studies at the School of Social Sciences at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where she wrote a doctorate under the direction of Maria Janion.
She is the co-founder (together with Kazimiera Szczuka and Agnieszka Graff) of the 8th March Women’s Coalition which organizes the Manifa, an annual demonstration taking place in various Polish cities on International Women's Day.
She is a member of the board of the Polish Labor Party, and also a member of the Committee for Assistance and Defense of Repressed Workers.
The temple was formed in 2003 to serve the religious needs of the Thai, Laotian and Vietnamese communities in the Shreveport-Bossier Area.
Ahmed al-Tilemsi was a Malian terrorist, a commander in the Insurgency in the Maghreb and the co-founder of the extremist islamist organization known as MOJWA.
He was one of the perpetrators of the In Amenas hostage crisis which killed 67 people and gained Tilemsi a $5 million bounty set by the U.S.
María Julia Pou Brito del Pino (born , Montevideo), popularly known as Julita, is a Uruguayan politician and member of the National Party (Uruguay) (PN).
Pou served in the Senate of Uruguay 2000 to 2005, as well as First Lady of Uruguay from 1990 until 1995.
She is the wife of former President Luis Alberto Lacalle and the mother of President-elect Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, who will take office in 2020.
Together with Beatriz Argimón, Pou founded the Acción Comunitaria group () and was elected to the Senate of Uruguay in the 1999 general election.
Debra Tolchinsky is a filmmaker, an associate chair and associate professor of radio, TV, and film at Northwestern University, and founding director of Northwestern University's MFA program in documentary media.
Tolchinsky is the founding director of Northwestern University’s MFA program in documentary media and is the associate chair and associate professor of radio, TV, and film.
She has shown her films at the Sundance Film Festival, the John F. Kennedy Center, the Gene Siskel Film Center, and the Supreme Court Institute.
The 13-minute film follows Penny Beerntsen, who returns to where her assault took place and recounts the attack that led her to mistakenly identify Steven Avery as the perpetrator.
The film primarily explores memory contamination, or the ability for a memory to be corrupted by external factors so that facts are difficult to parse out.
On 30 November 2019, a shootout broke out in Villa Unión, Coahuila between a drug cartel, suspected to be the Cartel del Noreste, and police.
Villa Unión's town hall, the intended recipient of the attack, was targeted because it is the headquarters of the town's police force, leaving it badly damaged.
This was the first election contested and first election won by the Liberal Party in New South Wales since the founding of its New South Wales division in January 1945.
Hearnshaw also became the first Liberal Party member in the New South Wales parliament, as parliamentary members of the Democratic Party had yet to join the Liberal Party.
The 1945 Wiley Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Wiley College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1945 college football season.
In their 23rd season under head coach Fred T. Long, the Wildcats compiled a 10–0 record (6–0 against SWAC opponents), defeated Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic, won the SWAC championship, shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 356 to 19.
Assistant coach Harry Long, the brother of head coach Fred T. Long, suffered a heart attack in the first quarter of the Orange Blossom Classic.
The victory sealed the Wildcats' national championship, but, after the game, the team sprawled out on the bench and the ground and wept over the Long's death.
The 2019–20 South Florida Bulls men's basketball team represents the University of South Florida during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The season marks the 48th basketball season for USF, the seventh as a member of the American Athletic Conference, and the third season under head coach Brian Gregory.
They were invited to participate in the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Stony Brook, Utah Valley, and Loyola Marymount to advance to the best-of-three finals series against DePaul.
In 1965 Samuel Charters at Vanguard Records asked nine different blues artists to come into the studio and record several songs each, so that he could produce a sampler of Chicago blues music.
The albums made a significant impression on some now-well-known American and English rock musicians, who at the time had not had much exposure to electric blues.
The six man teams saw Niebla Roja, Carístico, Volador Jr., Místico, Dragon Lee, and Stuka Jr. face off against the team of Negro Casas, Mephisto, Shocker, Euforia, Sansón, and El Felino.
The premise of the tournament is that all participants are second generation or more, although at times the family relationship is a storylines family relationship and not an actual one.
One example of this is Dragón Rojo Jr. being billed as the grandson of Dragón Rojo, when in reality that is simply a storyline created by CMLL.
The tournament ran from December 3 to December 17, 2019 as part of CMLL's weekly Tuesday night shows in Arena México.
The premise of the tournament is that all participants are second generation or more, although at times the family relationship is a storylines family relationship and not an actual one.
One example of this is Dragón Rojo Jr. being billed as the grandson of Dragón Rojo, when in reality that is simply a storyline created by CMLL.
The tournament will feature a number of professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines.
The 2019 Wan Chai District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 15 members to the Wan Chai District Council.
The Kickstart Wan Chai, a pro-democracy local political group led by Claris Yeung Suet-ying, incumbent District Councillor of Tai Hang and consisting of a group of young fresh faces ran under the banner of independent and scored the most seats, while the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong lost all its seats in the district.
At dusk on 16 June 1813 the privateersmen boarded their quarry simultaneously from opposite sides of the vessel and found themselves fighting each other.
The Vice admiralty court in Halifax, Nova Scotia awarded the two privateers a joint capture and £9,424 (one-sixth of the prize's value) as salvage money to share.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1983 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1983 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
CDK13-related disorder, also known as congenital heart defects, dysmorphic facial features and intellectual developmental disorder (CHDFIDD), is a very rare autosomal dominant genetic condition characterised by congenital heart defects, intellectual disability and characteristic facial features.
CDK13 promotes expression of genes involved in various developmental processes, and these processes are disrupted or not completed when the gene is mutated.
The prognosis is not certain as of yet, due to the lack of known patients, however a few patients in mid-adulthood have been identified.
Patients typically have a characteristic facial appearance which includes a wide nasal bridge, widely-spaced eyes, upslanted eyelids, epicanthic folds, high-arched eyebrows, prominent, low-set ears, a flat nose tip and a small mouth with a small upper lip.
A few patients have had ear problems such as sensorineural hearing loss or recurrent ear infections, and a few individuals have had congenital spinal abnormalities including fused vertebrae or spina bifida, as well as scoliosis.
Specifically, this is through protein phosphorylation, which functions to turn off or on certain proteins, allowing cell differentiation and the progression of the normal developmental processes.
A mutation in one of the two copies of these genes results in some proteins not being formed correctly and therefore some developmental processes being disrupted or not completed.
The most commonly identified mutations are those that change the 842nd amino acid of the protein, an asparagine (Asn), to a serine (Ser) or an aspartic acid (Asp), but many others have been identified.
Different mutations, depending on how much they reduce the kinase functionality of the gene, have resulted in different severities of the syndrome.
Methods to detect the mutation include whole exome sequencing and panel testing, in which a selection of potential genes involved are sequenced.
The prognosis is not certain as of yet, as most of the individuals discovered and studied have been children, however a few patients in mid-adulthood have been identified.
After Pandavas lost in dice game and went on for exile, Duryodhana planned to humiliate Pandavas by showing them the luxuries enjoyed by all Kauravas and Karna.
Karna tried run away from battle-field after getting defeated by Chitrasena but he couldn't since Gandharvas captured all Kauravas & Karna.
During the fight with Chitrasena, Arjuna had performed extremely impossible feats as he killed 10 lakh Gandharvas (4.5 akshouni) in single shot by using Agneyastra.
Festival of Cinema NYC (previously the Kew Gardens Festival of Cinema) is an international film festival held in New York City for 10 days beginning on the first Friday of August .
It was originally founded by festival director, Jayson Simba, as Kew Gardens Festival of Cinema taking place in Kew Gardens, Queens, New York.
However, following the success of its inaugural year in 2017, Regal Cinemas became a sponsor and the Festival rebranded as Festival of Cinema NYC, moving to its new home in Forest Hills, Queens.
It was first established in 2016 to provide an alternative to Tribeca Film Festival and New York Film Festival according to The Wall Street Journal.
Sponsors for Festival of Cinema NYC include the New York City Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment, the Queens Economic Development Corporation, Regal Cinemas, Plaxall, Maspeth Federal Spacings Bank,SAG-AFTRA, the Queens Museum, the Queens Library, Moviemaker Magazine, Variety 411, Final Draft, Simple DCP, Soundview Media Partners, Synimatica, The Acting Studio NYC, Seed & Spark, Yelp, and Big City Graphics.
Past panelists and Jury Board members have included Anna Garduno, Executive Producer at Netflix; Charles E. Williams, two-time Emmy Award winner at CBS, Doug LeClaire, founder of Asbury Shorts USA, among many others.
Ma Ming (; born October 1957) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in northeast China's Jilin province.
After the resumption of college entrance examination， he was accepted to Jilin College of Finance and Trade (now Jilin University of Finance and Economics), where he graduated in August 1982.
He was deputy head of Jilin Provincial State Swned Assets Administration (1995–1996), Jilin Provincial Department of Finance (1996–1998), and Jilin Provincial Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (1998–2000).
In December 2003 he was promoted to become deputy head of Jilin Provincial Department of Finance, a position he held until January 2006.
In January 2006, he was appointed head of the Jilin Provincial Department of Commerce, he remained in that position until January 2008, when he was transferred to Liaoyuan and appointed Communist Party secretary.
He became the Communist Party secretary and head of Jilin Provincial Public Security Department in May 2011, and served until June 2012.
In June 2012, he was transferred to Hohhot, capital of lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as vice chairman of the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Communist Party secretary and head of the Public Security Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and deputy secretary of the Politics and Law Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
In February 2018, he was appointed vice chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
On December 1, 2019, Ma has been placed under investigation for serious violations of laws and regulations by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.
The 2019 Eastern District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 35 members to the Eastern District Council of Hong Kong.
The pro-democrats achieved the majority of the council for the first time in a historic landslide victory amid the pro-democracy protests, taking 32 of the 35 seats in the council, with many of the pro-Beijing strongholds in North Point fell into the hand of pro-democracy independents.
Yamada Torajirō (, Hiragana: やまだ とらじろう; August 23, 1866 – February 13, 1957) was a Japanese businessman attributed to significantly improving Japan-Turkey relations along with Nakamura Kenjirō and Noda Shotarō.
He was one of the first Japanese people to convert to Islam and make the Hajj to Mecca, and he changed his name to Abd al-Khalil (), later changing it to Yamada Sōyū () after 1923.
He arrived in Istanbul in 1892, where he donated to the families of the victims of the sinking of the Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul.
Although he was not able to ensure Japanese political or economic interests in Istanbul, his activity was the beginning of a period of intensification of contact between the two countries.
Born in Edo in the residence of the Numata Domain (now Gunma Prefecture)'s daimyō, Yamada was the son of Nakamura Yūzaemon.
He studied the Japanese tea ceremony in schools in Edo and Yokohama as well as the Chinese, English, German and French languages.
Yamada participated in the campaign to help the victims' families, organized by the newspapers Osaka Asahi Shimbun, Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun, Kobe Yushin Nippo, and Jiji Shimpo.
During this period, Yamada teamed up with Nakamura Kenjirō, a former naval officer from an Osaka family that traded clothing and fabrics.
On April 16th, at the suggestion of Foreign Minister Enomoto Takeaki, Yamada gave a lecture at the seminary of the Japanese Colonial Association (Shokuminkyōkai) on the Ottoman Empire and Egypt, reflecting Japan's new interest in expanding its trade network in the region.
Despite the fact that Japanese subjects had no legal status in the city due to the lack of official diplomatic relations between the Ottoman Empire and Japan, they received permission from the Ottoman government to run their business.
He also became a friend of Spirakis Alexandritis, the General Secretary of the Chamber and publisher of the Bulletin of the Oriental Directory, with whom Yamada continued to communicate even after his return to Japan decades later.
The Sultan and members of the Ottoman dynasty particularly valued Japanese-manufactured goods as well as Japanese household and decorative items, becoming important customers of the store.
Japanese products became a trend in Istanbul, partly because of the arrival of Japanophilia in Europe but also because of the growing admiration of Japan by the Turks.
He also translated Turkish plays that occurred during the month of Ramadan as Dağlı Kız (The Daughter of the Mountain), a story about the beautiful daughter of a mountain bandit who saves people from kidnapping, and Kıskançlık (Jealousy), a romantic comedy.
At the time, the Turks began to take a great interest in Japan, a country that had modernized quickly to compete with major European powers.
Yamada returned to Japan in 1914 due to the outbreak of the First World War, making his pilgrimage to Mecca on his return trip.
After witnessing the murder of his parents at age 8, Bruce travels the world in order to train to fight crime, returning to claim inheritance of his father's company.
Subsequently, he begins fighting crime in Gotham City as Batman, utilizing advanced technology in doing so and basing his persona on conquering his fear of bats.
Batman first appeared in DC Comics stories in 1939 as the writers were adding more costumed superhero characters for the company's lineup.
In 1966, following the success of the television series on ABC, 20th Century Fox released a film for the series, with Adam West reprising his role from the show as Batman.
After years of waning popularity and development hell for the character, Warner Bros. decided to develop a new Batman film in the mid 1980s, having recently adopted fellow DC Comics character Superman for film with a successful movie in 1978 and subsequent series.
Tim Burton was hired as director of the film, which was released in 1989 with Michael Keaton taking on the role of Batman.
Goyer said that the goal of the film was to get the audience to care for both Batman and Bruce Wayne.
Nolan did not have a problem with the studio's requirement that the film not be R-rated because he wanted to make the film that he wanted to see when 11 years old.
Nolan explained that by ignoring that idea – which he stated is not found in Batman's first appearances – it emphasized the importance of bats to Bruce and that becoming a superhero is a wholly original idea on his part.
It is for this reason Nolan believes other DC characters do not exist in the universe of his film; otherwise, Wayne's reasons for taking up costumed vigilantism would have been very different.
Before he was confirmed on September 11, 2003, having expressed interest in the role since Darren Aronofsky was planning his own film adaptation, Eion Bailey, Henry Cavill, Billy Crudup, Hugh Dancy, Jake Gyllenhaal, Joshua Jackson, Heath Ledger, David Boreanaz and Cillian Murphy took interest in it as well.
Amy Adams served as the casting reader for the casting of Bruce Wayne / Batman in a favor to the casting director.
Goyer stated that while some actors could play a great Bruce Wayne or a great Batman, Bale could portray both radically different personalities.
Bale described the part as playing four characters: the raging Batman persona; the shallow playboy façade Bruce uses to ward off suspicion; the vengeful young man; and the older, angrier Bruce who is discovering his purpose in life.
So it’s about feeling and a voice, and I think Christian’s voice was a big part of the impression he made in the test.
Despite his dark past and serious work, Bruce has displayed a sense of humor around his butler Alfred and a romantic side around his love-interest Rachel and later Miranda Tate and Selina Kyle.
Although possessing great hate and anger towards criminals, he has proven himself a very caring and selfless person, constantly putting his life on the line to save innocent lives and bringing the most dangerous criminals to justice for society's protection.
To the public, Bruce Wayne takes on the facade of an irresponsible, fun-seeking playboy in order to avoid suspicion of his alter-ego, while as Batman he reveals his dark, intimidating personality in the form of a bat to frighten the criminals he stands against, believing theatricality to help him seem more than a man, but a symbol.
Bruce Wayne's ultimate goal is to bring order and justice to Gotham City, as opposed to his foes, whose ultimate goal is to bring chaos and anarchy.
Batman is a highly skilled martial artist having been trained by the League of Shadows and Ra's al Ghul personally in ninjutsu and other martial arts, Batman has achieved such feats as single-handedly subduing a swat team and taking out a group of the league of shadows ninjas with minimal injury; even before his training with Ra's al Ghul.
He has proven himself exceptionally good at stealth being able to disappear in the middle of people's sentences and sneaking up on others unexpectedly.
With his vast wealth and company, Batman has access to some of the world's greatest equipment and technology to improve his performance.
Relying on intellect, detective skills, science and technology, wealth, physical prowess, and intimidation in his war on crime, Batman is a force greatly feared by Gotham's underworld.
As a child, he falls into a well on his parents' estate and is rescued by his father Thomas, but develops a crippling fear of bats after being swarmed by them during the incident.
Bruce tours a new monorail funded by his father, who explains that he nearly bankrupted his company Wayne Enterprises to build it in order to help out the city of Gotham, which was experiencing an economic downturn.
As his parents take him home, they are confronted by a mugger named Joe Chill who shoots them both dead, leaving a traumatized Bruce alone with his parents' bodies.
Bruce is comforted by police detective James Gordon as Chill is arrested, then raised at home by his parents' butler Alfred Pennyworth.
After growing up and attending Princeton University, Bruce is dissatisfied with his inheritance as it reminds him of his deceased parents and plans to kill the recently-paroled Joe Chill, but Chill is assassinated by mobster Carmine Falcone, denying Bruce his chance for revenge.
When he confides in his childhood friend Rachel Dawes about this, she expresses disgust and lectures him about the difference between justice and revenge, which motivates him to confront Falcone himself.
The mobster and his cronies laugh Bruce off, stating that he does not understand the criminal world, so Bruce leaves Gotham, exploring the world and working for criminal organizations to try and understand them.
After being arrested in China for a heist and engaging in a prison fight, Bruce is approached by a man named Henri Ducard, who invites Bruce to join the League of Shadows, an elite vigilante group.
Bruce trains with Ducard and the League at their secret headquarters in Bhutan and purges his fears, but later learns that the League intends to destroy Gotham, believing it to be beyond saving.
Bruce rejects the League's ideology and escapes, burning down the temple and killing their leader Ra's al Ghul in the process, but saving an unconscious Ducard.
Returning to Gotham with an intent to fight crime and finally overcoming his fear of bats, Bruce takes an interest in Wayne Enterprises, which is being taken public by the unscrupulous William Earle.
Company archivist Lucius Fox, a friend of Bruce's father, allows Bruce access to prototype defense technologies, including a protective bodysuit and a heavily armored vehicle, the Tumbler.
He reaches out to Rachel, now the city's assistant district attorney, and Gordon, one of the city's few honest cops, to aid him in his fight against crime.
Batman evades the police to get Rachel to safety, administering her the antidote and giving her a vial of it for Gordon and another for mass production.
At Bruce's birthday party, Ducard reappears and reveals himself to be the true Ra's al Ghul, with the other one being a decoy.
Having stolen a powerful microwave emitter from Wayne Enterprises, he plans to vaporize Gotham's water supply, rendering Crane's drug airborne and causing mass hysteria that will destroy the city.
Confronting Ra's on the monorail, as Gordon uses the Tumbler's cannons to destroy a section of the track, Batman refuses to kill Ra's but chooses not to save him, gliding from the train as it crashes, killing Ra's.
Bruce gains Rachel's respect and love, but she decides she cannot be with him now, telling him if Gotham should no longer need Batman, they can be together.
Batman becomes a public hero and Bruce reveals he has purchased a controlling stake in Wayne Enterprises, firing Earle and replacing him with Fox.
After the Joker and his thugs rob a mob-owned bank, multiple Batman impersonators interrupt a meeting between mobsters and the Scarecrow.
The real Batman shows up and subdues everyone, but injuries suffered during the confrontation leads him to design a new, more versatile suit of armor.
Batman and Lieutenant Gordon contemplate bringing new district attorney Harvey Dent in on their plan to eradicate the mob, and the possibility that Dent will become the hero to the people that Batman could not be.
The next day, Bruce Wayne, presumably due to his late night, ends up sleeping during a business proposal from a Chinese mobster account named Lau.
He later reveals that he deliberately allowed for Lau to come so he could get a closer look at his numbers, having already suspected that his business methods were dirty.
At the same time, Bruce and Harvey are both competing for the love of Rachel, despite the fact that she is dating Harvey.
Lau informs gang leaders that he had taken their money to Hong Kong to prevent the police and the district attorney from seizing it in an imminent bank raid.
In order to ensure there is nothing suspicious about his absence from Gotham when trying to retrieve Lau, Bruce proceeds to have the entire Gotham Ballet group accompany him to a yacht vacation near Hong Kong.
He then fakes not being able to arrive while Lucius Fox scouts Lau's office under the pretense of a business meeting with Lau, with Fox also proceeding to supply him with a blueprint of the layout of the building.
Later that night, Batman then proceeds to infiltrate the building and, despite the arrival of several cops under Lau's payroll, succeeds in nabbing the corrupt businessman, and also ensuring his escape with a Fulton surface-to-air recovery system and a cargo plane.
After Batman successfully abducts Lau in Hong Kong and delivers him to the Gotham City police, the mobsters agree to pay the Joker half of their money in return for killing Batman.
When the Joker began killing off public officials, including Commissioner Loeb and apparently Gordon, despite the best efforts of the police and Batman to stop him, Wayne decides to turn himself in to the police.
Before he could do so, Dent publicly admits to being the Batman to draw the Joker out of hiding for the real Batman to capture.
The Joker attempts to kill Dent during transport, but Gordon (who faked his death) and Batman intervene in time to stop and arrest him and deliver him to the Major Crimes Unit as Gordon is promoted to Commissioner by Mayor Anthony Garcia.
With the Joker in custody, Batman and Gordon at first believe that his madness is over, but become alarmed when informed that Dent has gone missing.
Desperate to find him, Batman interrogates the Joker until he reveals that Rachel and Dent have been taken to opposite sides of the city, far enough apart that Batman would not have time to save both of them.
Batman arrived and rescued Dent just as both buildings explode, although the left side of Dent's face is burned during the explosion.
In the hospital, Dent is driven to madness over the loss of Rachel, which he blames on Batman, Gordon and the Joker.
The Joker plants explosives on two ferries of evacuees and gave the passengers on board the chance to destroy the opposing vessel, one full of prison convicts and another with civilians, in order to save their own lives.
Batman tracks the Joker to an uncompleted skyscraper, preventing him from blowing up the ferries when both vessels' occupants decide they would rather not sacrifice the lives of the passengers in the other vessel for their own.
Following a brief hand-to-hand fight which ends when the Joker pinned Batman in a scaffold, Batman throws the Joker off of the scaffold but saves him by grappling him.
The Joker acknowledges that Batman really was incorruptible, but that Dent was not, and that he has unleashed Harvey's madness upon the city.
Two-Face proceeds to judge Batman, himself, and Gordon's son through the chance of a coin flip, which he saw as the only fairness left in the world.
Two-Face shoots Batman in the stomach and judges himself innocent, but before he can determine the boy's fate, Batman tackles him over the side of the building, saving Gordon's son, but injuring his leg in the process.
Batman convinces Gordon to let him take all the blame for Dent's murders in order to preserve the former district attorney's image as Gotham's hero and give the city hope.
8 years later, Dent is publicly hailed as a hero with his crimes covered up, and crime is down after the Dent Act was passed, leading to the arrests of 1,000 individuals connected to organized crime.
Bruce has not been in action as Batman since; he has become a social recluse after completing the rebuild of Wayne Manor, has developed medical issues since retiring as Batman, and continues to mourn Rachel, who he believes would have chosen him over Harvey.
In addition, Wayne Enterprises is losing money after Bruce discontinued his fusion reactor project when he learned that it could be weaponized.
During the anniversary of the Dent Act, the celebrations are held at Wayne Manor but Bruce only watches from a distance.
As this is happening a maid, later revealed as cat burglar Selina Kyle, is stealing Bruce's mother's pearl necklace from his private quarters.
Shortly afterward, Wayne is visited by police officer John Blake who tells him about an attack on James Gordon and the police force by Bane and his followers.
Blake also tells Bruce that he has deduced his secret identity as Batman and can also relate to him; Blake had also lost his parents at a young age, and has learned to hide his anger, similar to putting on a mask, and asks Bruce to return as Batman.
Bruce then meets with Lucius Fox regarding the future of Wayne Enterprises, and the two examine his equipment while fighting as Batman.
Simultaneously, Bane uses Bruce's stolen fingerprints to attack the Gotham Stock Exchange in a series of transactions that leaves Wayne bankrupt.
As a result, Batman resurfaces for the first time in eight years while intercepting Bane and his subordinates, but the police opt to pursue him rather than the criminals as Batman was still the accused murderer of Harvey Dent.
He finds Selina Kyle holding John Daggett, Wayne's business rival, hostage and sees a group of Bane's thugs making their way towards her to kill her.
Alfred is convinced that Wayne is not strong enough to fight Bane, and in a final attempt to dissuade him from returning to action as Batman, resigns as Bruce's butler and reveals Rachel's intent to marry Dent instead of him, to which Bruce dismisses him.
The next morning, Fox meets Bruce at Wayne Manor to tell him that not only is Bruce bankrupt, but Wayne Enterprises is losing money fast due to Bane's use of Wayne's fingerprints and that he needs to rely on Wayne Enterprises CEO Miranda Tate to prevent Daggett from gaining control of the company.
After examining the fusion reactor project, Tate agrees to accept guardianship of the Reactor and Wayne Enterprises as Bruce is forced to step down from the Board.
He then gets a lift by John Blake who he tells that anyone could be a hero, and the two discuss Bane's whereabouts.
The inmates tell Wayne the story of Ra's al Ghul's child, who was born and raised in the prison before escaping — the only prisoner to have done so.
Months later, Wayne escapes from the prison and returns to Gotham after Bane has taken over the city and caused chaos, turning Bruce's Reactor into a bomb.
With no way to stop the detonation, Batman uses his aerial craft, the Bat, to haul the bomb far over the bay, where it safely explodes.
Blake resigns from the GCPD and receives a parcel from Wayne leaving him the Batcave, his legal name is also revealed to be Robin.
In the film, Batman is portrayed fighting against the mobs of Gotham City in addition to other villains such as Deadshot and Scarecrow.
Despite claiming he could have portrayed the character better, Christian Bale's performance as Batman has received acclaim, and is generally ranked the finest among Batman actors.
He received numerous award nominations for the role spanning across the three films in the trilogy, including winning Best Actor at the Empire Awards.
The plot description and characterization were adapted from Bruce Wayne at The Dark Knight Trilogy Wiki and Batman (Christian Bale) at Batman Wiki, which are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license.
Roughly speaking, the conjecture states that for any bipartite graph formula_1 and graph formula_2 on formula_3 vertices with average degree formula_4, there are at least formula_5 labeled copies of formula_1 in formula_2, up to a small error term.
The conjectured inequality can be interpreted as a statement that the density of copies of formula_1 in a graph is asymptotically minimized by a random graph, as one would expect a formula_9 fraction of possible subgraphs to be a copy of formula_1 if each edge exists with probability formula_11.
If formula_14 is a graph formula_2, this means that the probability of a uniform random mapping from formula_21 to formula_22 being a homomorphism is at least the product over each edge in formula_1 of the probability of that edge being mapped to an edge in formula_2.
This roughly means that a randomly chosen graph with fixed number of vertices and average degree has the minimum number of labeled copies of formula_1.
This is not a surprising conjecture because the right hand side of the inequality is the probability of the mapping being a homomorphism if each edge map is independent.
The natural extension to graphons would follow from the fact that every graphon is the limit point of some sequence of graphs.
The requirement that formula_1 is bipartite to have Sidorenko's property is necessary — if formula_14 is a bipartite graph, then formula_28 since formula_14 is triangle-free.
Since a graph is bipartite if and only if it has no odd cycles, this implies that the only possible graphs that can have Sidorenko's property are bipartite graphs.
This is equivalent because the number of homomorphisms from formula_38 to formula_2 is twice the number of edges in formula_2, and the inequality only needs to be checked when formula_14 is a graph as previously mentioned.
If the edge density formula_46 is fixed at formula_47, then the condition implies that the sequence of graphs is near the equality case in Sidorenko's property for every graph formula_1.
From Chung, Graham, and Wilson's 1989 paper about quasi-random graphs, it suffices for the formula_49 count to match what would be expected of a random graph (i.e.
The 2019–20 Ukrainian Premier League Reserves and Under 19 season are competitions between the reserves of Ukrainian Premier League Clubs and the Under 19s.
Eleazar Eskin is a computer scientist and geneticist, professor and Chair of the Department of Computational Medicine, and professor of computer science and human genetics at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Rylee Ann Baisden (born April 16, 1994) is an American soccer player, who currently plays for Brisbane Roar in the W-league in Australia.
For the 2018–19 season, Baisden moved to Australia to play for Morton Bay United in the National Premier League where she scored 33 goals in 23 games.
Due to her form Baisden was named in the league's team of the season, was nominated for player of the year and participated in Morton Bay's maiden grand final appearance.
She debuted in Brisbane's first game of the 2019–20 season against Melbourne Victory, and scored her first goal in the W-league in their next match, a 3–1 loss to Western Sydney Wanderers.
Will follow several roles in the theater under the direction of André Brassard, Dominique Champagne and André Montmorency, to name only these.
Spokesperson of the Quebec National Day in June 2002, he enthusiastically discovered the Iles de la Madeleine and decided to anchor in the spring of 2004.
They will create, with the support of comedian Néfertarie Bélizaire, a scenario on the sexual abuse that the actress suffered at the age of 4 years by her godfather in Haiti.
Having become his own producer, Saint-Amand will produce two albums in quick succession in 2013 and 2014, in which he continues his homage to the songwriters of the Offenbach and Gerry Boulet songs.
The albums include 11 songs and 11 short stories that are part of the show that the singer and comedian gives throughout Quebec since the spring of 2013.
In 2019, Mario Saint-Amand is a student at Laval University and an assistant researcher at the Quebec Addiction Rehabilitation Center, and has been a spokesperson for Maisons Péladeau since 2014.
She is a professor of political science at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University and a senior research associate at the Campbell Public Affairs Institute.
The 2019 Southern District Council election was held in Hong Kong on 24 November 2019 to elect all 17 members to the Southern District Council.
Kelvin Lam Ho-por, a substitute for Joshua Wong who was disqualified from running, defeated Judy Chan Ka-pui of the New People's Party in South Horizons West.
She lived a long time in Trieste, where she taught in the poor neighborhoods of the city, helping with the integration of the Slovenians and fighting against narrow nationalistic municipalism.
The 1948 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1948 college football season.
In its third year under head coach Bill Glassford, the team compiled a 5–3 record (3–1 against conference opponents), outscoring opponents 155–103.
It consists of 26 teams that are divided geographically in two groups and play each other twice (home and away) during the season.
At the end of the season, the top two teams in the division are promoted to the Second Football League of Kosovo.
From the season 2019–20 the best seven clubs from each group of the previous season of the Liga e Dytë play in new formed and unique Second League while the other clubs have relegated into the new formed Third League.
Lyrically, frontman Jacoby Shaddix states that the song is about sticking with friends and loved ones during hard times in their lives.
The song was written around mental health awareness, with Shaddix elaborating that it was also about the power of music to connect with people to overcome adversity.
The song's music video plays into the themes as well, focusing on a fan that was affected by the band's music.
The video focuses around the band's long-time fan Mark Moreno, who had followed the band since their breakout in 2000, and had attended over 60 lives shows since then.
The band invite Moreno to a concert, thank him for his support, give him a plaque to honor his sister who had died in 2016, and awarded him two tickets for Papa Roach live shows for life.
In spectral graph theory, the Alon–Boppana bound provides a lower bound on the second-largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a formula_1-regular graph, meaning a graph in which every vertex has degree formula_1.
The reason for the interest in the second-largest eigenvalue is that the largest eigenvalue is guaranteed to be formula_1 due to formula_1-regularity, with the all-ones vector being the associated eigenvalue.
A theorem by Friedman shows that, for every formula_1 and formula_18 and for sufficiently large formula_7, a random formula_1-regular graph formula_5 on formula_7 vertices satisfies formula_23 as follows.
However, it is also true that the number of closed walks of length formula_86 starting at a fixed vertex formula_27 in a formula_1-regular graph is at least the number of such walks in an infinite formula_1-regular tree, because an infinite formula_1-regular tree can be used to cover the graph.
The musical output of that tour encouraged Kinney and the other members of Drivin N Cryin to move from a hard rock/Southern rock sound to a more folk rock style.
Denise Sullivan of AllMusic Guide gave the album a positive review for Kinney's songwriting and the editorial staff awarded the album 4.5 out of five stars.
7 October 1818, London – d. 24 March 1869, London) was a British watchmaker, shipbuilder and shipping magnate of Scottish origins, most famous for his business empire and his role in the founding of many of Hong Kong's early conglomerates such as HSBC.
Douglas Lapraik was born in London, England on 7 October 1818 to George Rankine Lapraik and his wife, Susan Lapraik (Black).
Though born in England, Lapraik's family was of Scottish origin, likely descended from the Lickprivick noble house of East Kilbride in the Shire of Lanark whose main holdings were Lickprivick Castle and, from the reign of Robert III in 1397, Lords of Killbride and owners of the relevant emoluments associated with the lordship.
George Rankine Lapraik was originally from Muirkirk, Ayrshire in western Scotland and worked as an expat in London for Scottish trading firm William Mathieson & Company.
Lapraik arrived in Macao in 1839 and became apprentice to a Scottish watch and clockmaker named Leonard Just at his company, Just & Son.
In 1942, Just sent Lapraik to Hong Kong in order to open a new branch of that company in the newly founded colony.
Lapraik arrived in the crown colony of Hong Kong in 1842 from Macao, following the cession of Hong Kong to the British Crown in perpetuity after the First Opium War the previous year.
Soon after arriving in the colony, Lapraik established himself with his own business as a watchmaker by 1846, apparently concurrently while executing similar duties for Just & Son.
Due to his trade in chronometers and watchmaking and given the need in the colony for shipping companies to register a local address, Lapraik soon found himself drafted as a shipping agent.
Lapraik became established as a wealthy Hong Kong Taipan during the 1850's and 60's, taking part in the founding of many of the colony's business ventures and expanding his business interests to many sectors of the colony's economy.
Starting in 1855 with its founding, Lapraik served on the committee of the colony's first English language public school, the St. Andrew's School which closed in 1861.
The tower, which stood at the corner of Pedder Street and Queen's Road Central, could be seen from Victoria Harbour and debuted on New Year's Eve 1862, standing until 1913.
In 1863, after acquiring a shipyard off Queen's Road and building two more at Aberdeen and Whampoa, Lapraik co-founded the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company together with Jardine Matheson & Company and Thomas Sutherland, the Hong Kong agent of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company.
The resulting company also became the first limited company to be registered in Hong Kong, prompting the government to begin work on the Companies Ordinance of 1865.
In 1864, Lapraik went on to be appointed as a member of the provisional founders committee of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation which would be founded in 1865.
Later in 1864, Lapraik also oversaw the completion of his Gothic style mansion at Pok Fu Lam, dubbed as Douglas Castle and today known as Nazareth House, a university house of the University of Hong Kong.
plot, then known as Rural Building Lot 32 from the government for a period of 75 years in 1861 and had been building his home and base of operations at the castle since that time, though he would not long enjoy its use.
Lapraik was also a founding director of the Hongkong, Canton & Macao Steamboat Company which was incorporated as company number 0000002 in the Hong Kong Companies Registry in 1865 when the registry was also first formed.
1865 was also the year that Lapraik began his involvement as a founding Director in the Hongkong Hotel Company together with Englishman Charles Henri Maurice Bosman (father of Ho Fook and Robert Hotung), a Director of the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company and a German, Baron Gustav von Overbeck, the Prussian and Austrian Consul in Hong Kong.
The company opened the Hongkong Hotel in 1868 on Pedder Street and Queen's Road, then the first luxury hotel in the city.
In 1855, Lapraik transferred all interest in his watchmaking company, Douglas Lapraik China to his colleague, George Falconer, with whom he had previously apprenticed in his youth at Just & Son.
After Lapraik's death, his nephew, John Steward Lapraik founded the Douglas Steamship Company in 1883 which continued to run Lapraik's steamer business and which also took up management of other assets owned by Douglas Lapraik & Company.
In 1867, Jane Lapraik, Lapraik's niece and sister of John Steward Lapraik was married in Hong Kong to Robert Ellis Baker.
John Steward Lapraik continued his uncle's business activities in Hong Kong until his death in 1893, having two children named John Douglas Lapraik (1866) and Thomas Steward Lapraik (1867) who also continued in the business.
Costs of the repairs in question exceeded the actual value of the ship, exacerbated by the debts accrued for wages and expenses owed.
Permission for the master to sell the ship would have taken up to four months to obtain from its American owners and there was no available financial options for the ship's master.
In 2019 Copa Perú, the club was promoted to the Peruvian Primera División after drawing with Carlos Stein in the Final group stage.
The peak was named to honor Canadian Army Private Douglas B. Eaton (1911-1944), from nearby Chilliwack, who was killed in action in World War II.
Nearby Eaton Creek and Eaton Lake were named in memory of his younger brother, William, also killed in action a year earlier.
Eaton Peak is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
In the 1840s in California and 1850s in Australia, methods for extracting alluvial gold were developed which involved washing soil and gravel through sluice boxes using diverted streams and other water sources.
The cyanide process also involved releasing sediment contaminated with cyanide, while other sludge deposits have a variety of contaminants used in the mining process.
Large areas of land were affected by sludge, particularly in Victoria, where a Royal Commission was established in 1858-9 to investigate and manage the problem.
This resulted in a number of regulations and the construction of large stone-lined sludge channels to concentrate and divert the sludge away from settled areas and buildings.
Ultimately hydraulic sluicing was banned in 1904 as a result of the continuing environmental damage caused to waterways in places such as Omeo, and a Sludge Abatement Board was established to regulate and repair the problem..
He served as the head football coach at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore (1978), Central State University in Wilberforce, Ohio (1979–1980), Texas Southern University (1981–1983), Knoxville College in Knoxville, Tennessee (1991–1994), and Morris Brown College in Atlanta, Georgia (1995).
In 1973, he became the first African American football coach to be named offensive coordinator at an NCAA Division I school.
The Apostolic Nunciature to São Tomé and Príncipe is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in São Tomé and Príncipe.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Holy See and São Tomé and Príncipe established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1984, and the Holy See established its Nunciature to São Tomé and Príncipe on 21 December 1984.
Ribbius became president of the Utrecht Female Student Association (1915) and board member of the Dutch Association of Women with Academic Training (1918).
After graduating, Ribbius moved to an Amsterdam guesthouse and started working as a volunteer at the Central Bureau for Social Advice.
After a study trip through Great Britain, where she came in contact with the Labor Party, she felt more for social democracy.
In 1932, thanks to her father's legacy, she was able to buy land in Bennekom, where she founded the De Born training center for working class women the following year.
Ribbius was elected a member of the Provincial States of Noord-Holland (1931-1941, 1946-1958) and appointed as a member of the Senate of the States General (1937-1947).
Ribbius kept in touch with the women's clubs at the time, and De Born was able to continue to operate as a private property.
In addition to re-joining the Provincial States, she became a member of the Provincial Executive of Noord-Holland (1946-1958) and was charged with, among other things, healthcare and spatial planning.
In 1956 she was a UN women's representative and went to the General Assembly of the United Nations to give a speech.
In April 1958 she was appointed as the first female member, alongside the Queen, of the Council of State (1958-1966), after which she settled in Scheveningen.
Cypress Creek Middle High School was established in 2017 in Wesley Chapel, Florida and was built to accommodate increasing enrollment and relieve overcrowding in the fast-growing area.
In building the facility, the district sought to alleviate potential concerns from parents by segregating the high school and middle school locker rooms.
A screen was also installed in the gymnasium to allow it to be divided for high school and middle school physical education classes.
However, high school and middle school students do share bus routes, as was already occurring in other schools in the district.
Students from four other high schools were rezoned to attend the new Cypress Creek, and adjustments were made to other boundaries.
As a result, middle school-age children in grades 6–8 share the facilities with high school students, pending the opening of the separate Cypress Creek Middle School in the fall of 2020 on an adjacent campus.
Once Cypress Creek Middle School opens, it will have a projected 1,554 students and the high school's enrollment is expected to be 2,080, almost its design capacity of 2,090.
When the school opened in 2017, its high school had grades 9-11 only, with no seniors on the football team in the first season.
It now has a full varsity sports program, including football, soccer, basketball for both boys and girls, track and field, swimming, and baseball.
The 1949 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1949 college football season.
The Sweden national under-16 and under-17 basketball team () is the representative for Sweden in international under-16 and under-17 (under age 17 and under age 16) basketball competitions.
As they won the third place game to win the bronze, and completing the feat twice more in 2012 and 2015.
These robberflies are large with a broad abdomen, with long and dense hairs on the femora, tibiae and basal tarsus segments of the leg.
Theodore A. Wright (September 20, 1901 – February 15, 1974) was an American football, basketball, and track coach and college athletics administrator.
The following year, he was the director of physical education at Lincoln High School in Kansas City, leading both his football and basketball teams to championships.
The Shandrinsky mammoth was discovered in 1974 at the feet of a steep slope in the eastern side of the Kondakov Plateau by geologist B. S. Rusanov of the Yakutsk Institute of Geology.
The Kondakov Plateau is located in eastern Yakutia, rising above the right banks of the lower course of the Indigirka and gradually decreasing in elevation to the east.
There are slightly higher ridges cutting across the plateau area, the Bonga-Taga ridge in the north and the Mokholukan in the south.
It is crossed by rivers Shandrin to the east and the Sundrun with some of its upper course tributaries, as well as by the Bolshaya Ercha River, a tributary of the Indigirka.
The Maly Ercha —tributary of the Bolshaya Ercha, the Keremesit, as well as the Okhotnya and Barn-Yuryakh —tributaries of the Sakhartymay, have their sources in the plateau.
Andesites and basalts are present in some exposed crust parts of the plateau, where the local type of agate with a parallel-layered pattern can also be found.
The surface of the uplands is markedly dissected by river valleys in which there are forests of larch and forest tundra, especially in the southern part.
The Kondakov Plateau area is part of the migration corridor of the Sundrun reindeer population, which includes the adjoining Suor Uyata to the southeast, and the forest tundra of the Rossokha River basin to the east.
She was a member of the Amsterdam City Council and was on the national board of the Association of Social Democratic Women's Clubs.
She was the daughter of Johanna Victoire Liotard (1831-1906) and Jan Willem Reinier Tilanus (1823-1914), professor of surgery at the University of Amsterdam.
Together with Mathilde Wibaut, Carry Pothuis-Smit and Henriëtte van der Mey, among others, she founded the Amsterdam Women's Club in 1905, later the Association of Social Democratic Women's Clubs (BSDVC).
Tilanus became secretary of the union and pleaded for a women's section in Het Volk in 1913, but that proved in vain.
She was on the council committee for public health assistance and worked for more practical homes, Montessori education, the introduction of consultations for infants and female inspectors in the vice police.
She died in Zeist on March 31, 1953, after which Het Vrije Volk praised her work for the socialist education of Dutch working class women.
Saleh has previously taught undergraduate and graduate courses on International Relations, Security Studies and Middle East Politics at Durham, Leeds, and Bradford Universities.
Saleh has also been engaged with policy practitioners and external professional bodies such as UK Ministry of Defence, NGOs and Think Tanks.
At its most fundamental level his research concentrates on exploring the evolution of the concept of security from its traditional ‘realist’ base through to more ‘broadened’ approaches which enable us to study societal security issues in the Middle East with a key focus being upon understanding Iran’s position in the region.
Currently he is working on a wider research programme with two other researchers examining the changing nature of politics within Egypt, and within this he is also focusing on his own project.
In summer 2013 he conducted fieldwork in Egypt, interviewing Egyptian politicians and party leaders, as well as a range of other key actors.
The project not only aims to contextualise this process within Egypt but also to examine how it fits into broader political dynamics in the region and therefore how it will impact upon Iran.
Another book chapter titled: ‘The Struggle for Power and the 'Secular-Islamist' Binary in Post-Mubarak Egypt’ is published by Edinburgh University Press.
This central theme has also led to an interest in processes of state-building and the construction of nationalism and national identity (in the Middle East) during the 20th Century.
This work focuses on the tensions and interactions present between nationalist discourses around identity and Islamic discourses around identity, which have been ideologically entwined with the state-building process in Iran since 1925.
Further research on Iran examines Iranian discourses on human rights since the revolution of 1979 and this has resulted in his recent submission of a book chapter entitled: ‘Iranian Conservatives and the Diffusion of the International Norm of Human Rights in the Post-2009 Era’ to the Edinburgh University Press.
His work thus explores how these state-level security issues transfer up to the sub-regional and international levels as state-state relations in the region are increasingly affected by these ostensibly domestic issues.
1981–82 was Jim McLaughlin's eighth season as manager, and was Dundalk's 56th consecutive season in the top tier of Irish football.
The new season opened with the President's Cup, and Dundalk defeated Athlone 4–3 on aggregate to win it for the third season in a row.
The League schedule commenced on 10 September 1981, using a trial point system of 4 for an away win, 3 for a home win, 2 for an away draw, and 1 for a home draw.
Dundalk started with five victories but, after they drew Tottenham Hotspur in the Second round of the Cup Winners' Cup, there was a wobble in League form with all eyes at Oriel Park on the upcoming glamour tie.
They fell 10-points behind Bohemians, but subsequently charged to the title, sealing it on the final day away to defending champions Athlone.
But it was Bohemians that came out of a four match, seven and a half hour FAI Cup semi-final marathon, depriving McLaughlin of a shot at a second League and Cup Double.
In the first round they drew Fram, and won through 5–2 on aggregate, with what remains their record victory in Europe – a 4–0 win in Oriel Park.
In the second round, McLaughlin's unbeaten record in Europe at Oriel reached eight matches, when Tottenham Hotspur were held to a 1–1 draw.
The 2019 Yau Tsim Mong District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 20 members to the Yau Tsim Mong District Council.
The pro-Beijing parties suffered major setbacks in the election amid the massive pro-democracy protests, while a pro-democracy local political group Community March emerged as the largest party in the council with the pro-democrats controlling the council for the first time.
Pavle Kengelac studied at the Evangelical Lyceum in Bratislava and Kežmarok where his professors were philosophers and scholars Ján Juraj Strečko,mathematician and physicist Stefan Sabeland historian Stefan Fabri.
That Protestant school nurtured religious tolerance and offered a broad cameralist education as well the study of Latin, German, Hungarian and Slaveno-Serbian (Russian Slavonic) languages, grammar, rhetorics, mathematics, physics, natural science, geography, history, and philosophy.
One of the few intellectuals of his day, the Serbian Archimandrite of the Sveti Đurađ monastery, then part of the Habsburg Empire, Pavle Kengelac, adhered to the ideology of enlightenment and deism as the prevailing philosophy of the 18th century.
This movement resulted from the intensive study of nature and its phenomena, so it included a broad circle of scientists of that time and acquired a very broad range of followers.
One of the many reasons for that was insidiousness and personal animosity of the mentioned Metropolitan towards the man who wanted 'to be recognized'; even more important reasons were the activities of the conservative top circles of the Austrian state administration and of the Vienna Court itself, as well as the Metropolitan Stratimirović's fear to arouse anger in these circles and fall into disgrace himself.
TPC Group, previously known as Texas Petrochemicals, is a petrochemicals manufacturing company based in Houston, Texas, and is a large producer of butadiene, MTBE, and polyisobutylene.
In 2011, TPC led the market in butadiene (35% market share), butene-1 (35% market share), polyisobutylene (PIB) (60% market share), and was near the top of the market in both isobutylenes and propylene derivatives.
The Houston plant was authorized in 1942 as part of the United States Rubber Reserve Program , and opened in 1944 operated by Sinclair Rubber.
It was subsequently purchased by a joint venture of Tenneco and FMC Corporation in 1955 and later by the chemical brokerage Texas Olefins in 1984 .
In 2003, a collapse of the MTBE market forced Texas Petrochemicals (now employee owned via a LBO) into bankruptcy .The company emerged from bankruptcy under new ownership in 2004 .
The Port Neches, Texas plant - also authorized by Rubber Reserve - opened in 1943 operated by Neches Butane Products Company.
It was purchased by Texaco in 1980, and later it was purchased by Huntsman Corporation in 1994, then purchased by Texas Petrochemicals in 2006.
TPC Group was taken private in 2012 by First Reserve Corporation and SK Capital Partners, in a deal worth approximately $850 million, after a bidding war with Innospec.
A processing unit at TPC's Port Neches butadiene manufacturing plant exploded on Wednesday, November 27, 2019, the eve of Thanksgiving Day.
Hetzer was born as the daughter of the entrepreneur Siegfried Hetzer, who had founded a Victoria vehicle trade in Berlin in 1919 and had been operating as Opel car dealership since 1933.
At the age of 31, Hetzer took over the company based in Berlin-Charlottenburg in 1969 after the death of her three-year-older sister and her father, which made her one of the largest car dealerships in Berlin and managed until 2012.
As one of the few successful female entrepreneurs in her industry and as a racing driver, but also through her social commitment, Hetzer was one of the best known personalities in Berlin's economy.
The high media presence through newspaper reports, interviews and talk show appearances also made Berlin beyond the point that she was widely in the spotlight.
On 27 July 2014, she embarked on a voyage around the world in Berlin, following in the footsteps of Clärenore Stinnes with a Hudson Greater Eight from 1930.
The Berliner Patrik Heinrichs replaced him as a passenger from Istanbul, but in turn rose from the project on 18 September 2014 in Tashkent.
After transferring to the Americas she drove through Canada and reached the border with the United States at Emerson at the end of August 2015.
She drove on through the US and South America and reached after the Atlantic transfer in August 2016 in South Africa.
After a tour of several countries in southern Africa, she returned to Europe with a cargo ship from South Africa, about 2 ½ years after the start.
On March 12, 2017, she finished her trip to Berlin and was greeted in front of the Brandenburg Gate by friends, fans and the Berlin State Secretary Sawsan Chebli.
For her social engagement, for example for Ein Herz für Kinder, she was honored in 2007 by the Technical University Berlin with the name of an orchid from the genus Phalaenopsis.
In the summer of 2004, Hetzer was in Berlin and was a bearer of the Olympic torch on its way to the games in Athens.
Her statement refers to a surveillance video in which four dark-skinned South Africans stole their navigation system from the locked vintage car.
Furthermore, in Cape Town the golden Berlin bear had been ripped off her neck by a black man and her car was completely vacated in St. Lucia.
The presenter of the morning magazine, Jana Pareigis, also commented on Facebook on the incident and condemned the statements as false, racially stereotyped and hurtful.
Ethnic Identity and the State in Iran is a 2013 book by Alam Saleh in which the author examines inter-ethnic tension and the politicization of ethnic identity in Iran.
The book uses an innovative framework combining insights from the Copenhagen School of Security Studies and the literature on ethnic conflict to provide insights into the identity and sense of discrimination and deprivation felt by the major ethnic groups of Iran, namely: the Azeris, Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis, and Turkmen.
In so doing, the book uses political science methodologies to explore the roots of Iran’s current political and societal issues, not just those which affect the minorities but those which directly impact on wider political decision-making and public life at every level of society.
The Yudo π1 was powered by a single front positioned motor with the motor options including a 55kW-170Nm motor and a 90kW-270Nm motor.
Battery options include a 38.5lkWh lithium-ion battery capable of a 301km range for 2018, a 51kWh lithium-ion battery capable of a 426km range for 2019, and a 49.8kWh lithium-ion battery capable of a 430km range for 2020.
The Sweden women's national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national women's basketball team that represents Sweden in international under-16 and under-17 (under age 17 and under age 16) tournaments.
The weightlifting competition at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Ninoy Aquino Stadium in Manila.
Nader Entessar (born 1948) is an Iranian political scientist and Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, University of South Alabama.
This plant is commonly found in the low mountains of Japan as well as grassy slopes in the northern parts of China.
This plant also cannot grow in shady areas, and it must be in a position where it is almost always in the sun's light.
Reema Juffali, also spelt either as Reema al Juffali or Reema Al Juffali (; born 18 January 1992), is a Saudi Arabian professional racing car driver who competes in the Formula 4 category.
In November 2019, she became the country's first woman racing car driver to take part in an international racing competition in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
She obtained her racing license in September 2017, after the women to drive movement successfully ended the ban on women drivers in Saudi Arabia that same month.
In April 2019, Juffali represented Saudi Arabia in 2019 F4 British Championship at Brands Hatch which was also her first appearance in a competitive racing event at the F4 British Championship.
On 22 November 2019, she became the first Saudi Arabian woman to compete in an international racing competition in Saudi Arabia.
She took part in the all-electric car race 2019-20 Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy as a VIP driver; the race was held in Diriyah, a city close to Riyadh.
Katherine T. Faber is a Simon Ramo Professor of Materials Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and an adjunct Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University .
Her current work comprises research into characterizing the behavior of high-temperature ceramic coatings under cyclic thermal loading, which has applications in improving engine efficiency and wear ; and the creation of high-temperature porous ceramics with increased strength and toughness, which have applications in filtration, energy storage, insulation, and medical devices .
Her research interests also include silicon-based ceramics and ceramic matrix composites ; polymer-derived multifunctional ceramics ; graphite- and silicon carbide-based cellular ceramics synthesized from natural scaffolds, such as pyrolyzed wood ; and cultural heritage science , with emphasis on porcelains and jades .
From 2006-2007, Faber served as the President of the American Ceramic Society , and in 2013 was named a Distinguished Life Member in recognition of her notable contributions to the ceramic and glass profession .
She is also the co-founder and co-director of the Northwestern University–Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), a collaboration between Northwestern University and the Art Institute of Chicago in which advanced materials characterization and analytical techniques are used to further conservation science for historical artifacts .
Faber obtained her Bachelor of Science in Ceramic Engineering at the New York State College of Ceramics within Alfred University (1975) .
Though she was originally intent on becoming a chemist, ceramics engineering caught Faber’s interest due to its problem-solving nature and applications in engineering .
She completed her Master of Science in Ceramic Science at Penn State University (1978) , after which she worked for a year as a development engineer for The Carborundum Company in Niagara Falls, New York, on the development of silicon carbide for high performance applications such as engines .
Following her year in industry, Faber decided to pursue a Ph.D. in Materials Science at the University of California, Berkeley, which she completed in 1982 .
She participated in the first class of the Defense Science Study Group, a program which introduces outstanding American science and engineering professors to the United States’ security challenges (1985-1988) .
From 1988 to 2014, she taught as Associate Professor, Professor, and Walter P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering at Northwestern University, where she also served as the Chair of the University Materials Council (2001-2002) .
Additionally, from 2005 to 2007 she sat on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Lab .
The 2019 Sham Shui Po District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 25 members to the Sham Shui Po District Council.
The surface colonies of cells grown on BHI blood agar plates following 48 hours of incubation show a circular cell of 0.5-1 mm in diameter.
Growth on peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth cultures with 20% bile yields vast amounts of acetate and succinate but minor amounts of propionate and isovalerate.
They hydrolyze esculin, weakly digest gelatin, and are susceptible to chloramphenicol and clindamycin, but not susceptible to penicillin G and tetracycline.
For the onset of intestinal bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) or Ulcerative colitis (UC), commensal enteric bacteria are generally required as a pathogenic factor.
The OmpW protein contains features similar to a bacterial TonB-linked outer membrane protein which allows the bacteria to increase its ability of iron or vitamin uptake in an environment where it lacks these variables.
OmpW may play a role in facilitating the organism's ability to uptake substrates that are important for commensal bacterial survival in the intestine.
The immunological finding of OmpW is an elevation of anti-OmpW IgA levels in some patients with Crohn's disease in comparison to these IgA levels in patients with ulcerative colitis or healthy subjects.
Marie Louise [Mascha] Oettli (11 June 1908 – 27 April 1997) was a Swiss socialist and trade unionist, engaged in feminist struggles.
Her mother, Natalie (Tata) Oettli-Kirpitschnikowa (1875-1966), the daughter of a well-known Russian teacher, had first been a teacher in Russia before coming to Switzerland to study medicine; she was a school doctor at the Glarisegg.
From high school, she became interested in politics and became a member of a school-aged youth movement where she became acquainted with the future Social Democrats Eugen Steinemann and Ruedi Schümperli.
Her struggle against Nazism with her German comrades from 1933 to 1934 was followed on her return to Switzerland from her membership of the Socialist Party of Switzerland.
She is secretary of the Union of Swiss Peasants from 1942 to 1947 and central secretary of the Socialist Party and Swiss Socialist Women from 1952 to 1970.
The creation of this center was due to two former students of the Walkmühle school (founded in 1922) and Mascha Oettli had chosen to be a student for his training: the couple René and Hanna Bertholet from Geneva had organized to give courses of political and educational formation.
Martin G. Cohn (sometimes credited as Marty Cohn) was an American film editor and film producer who worked on B-movie genre pictures in Hollywood from the 1910s through the 1940s.
He began working as a film editor in the early 1910s, although like most editors of that era, he was not credited onscreen for his efforts.
He was a founding member of the Society of Motion Picture Film Editors (a precursor to the Motion Picture Editors Guild) in 1937; early on, he served as treasurer.
In the 1930s, he began working as a producer on projects, although editing seems to have continued to be his primary focus.
Anita Judd-Jenkins is an American politician who served in the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative of the 80th district from 2017 to 2019.
In July 2018, it was valued at 1.5 billion in Series H funding of 150 million led by Sequoia Capital, CapitalG and Accel to expand the business globally.
In November 2019, it signed definitive agreements for a 150 million Series H round of funding at a post-financing valuation of $3.5 billion led by existing investors Sequoia Capital, CapitalG, and Freshworks’ first investor, Accel.
As per filings with Registrar of Companies (ROC), the company's revenue for the fiscal year ended March 2018 was reported as 259 crore (around 40 million) with a profit of around 21 crore.
Chile joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the founding branch of the World Bank Group, in December 31, 1945.
Chile was part of the original 44 member countries at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference who signed its Articles of Agreement which pegged the world currencies to the dollar and established the IMF and the IBRD for short-term and long-term capital projects, respectively.
Chile joined other branches of the World Bank Group relatively soon after their creation, they joined the International Development Association (IDA) on December 30, 1960, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) on April 15, 1957, and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) the day it was established (April 12, 1988).
The exception is the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) which Chile joined on October 24, 1991, 25 years after its establishment.
As of their June 2019 report, the World Bank considers Chile an emerging market and developing economy, defined by an economy that is 30% or more dependent on a single-export commodity.
Almost immediately after a CIA-sponsored coup d'etat that deposed Salvador Allende and propped up the Military Dictatorship of Chile 1973-1990, a group of Chilean economists known as the Chicago Boys, as they were alumnus of the University of Chicago and Milton Friedman, published a study called El ladrillo.
2019 Chilean protests, where a 4 cent increase in metro fare expanded into an expression of general discontent towards growing economic inequality, such as high costs of living, stagnant wages and meager pensions.
In response to the mass discontent, Piñera announced a major cabinet reshuffling, firing the Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick and Finance Minister Felipe Larrain.
The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance is a collection of essays by the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye.
The 2019 Kowloon City District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 25 members of the Kowloon City District Council.
The pro-democrats scored a historic landslide victory in the election amid the massive pro-democracy protests, taking control of the council by securing 15 of the 25 seats.
Aging is often caused by the improvement of the average living level and living environment due to the development of science and medicine, increasing the life expectancy of the average, but it is also greatly affected by the decrease in the birth rate.
Entering an aged society in 2017, South Korea will see its aging population reach the fastest pace in the world, with the proportion of people aged 65 or older soaring to an unprecedented 47 percent in 2067.
On the other hand, the production age population is expected to plummet to below the elderly population, and Korea's total health and welfare spending will soar to 120.2 in 2067 and 102.4 in old age.
According to the World and Korea Population Forecast released by the National Statistical Office, Korea's population aged 65 or older will reach 37.0 percent in 2045, surpassing Japan's 36.7 percent.
The report is based on a comparative analysis of the U.N.'s World Population Outlook for 201 countries and the National Statistical Office's special estimate of the future population between 1967 and 2017.
South Korea's portion of the elderly population is projected to grow at the fastest pace in the world from 14.9 percent in 2019 to 46.5 percent in 2067.
As a result of the decrease in the marriage rate and the avoidance of multiple children, the existing research mainly suggests economic factors such as income, labor market conditions, socio-cultural factors including the changes in the values of education and gender roles, and policy factors of family and health policy.
Unlike in countries in Europe where fertility rates naturally fell below the level of population replacement due to industrialization and socio-cultural factors, Korea's birthrates fell sharply due to birth control policies.
In the early stages of industrialization, the decline in potential fertility was involved in raising the per capita income level by suppressing rapid population growth and achieving rapid economic growth.
As a result, the decline in population is likely to be greater than in other developed economies during the period of natural decline after industrialization.
Korea's birth control policy began in the 1960s and ended in the mid-1990s when birth rates fell significantly below the level of population replacement.
As a result, Korea's fertility rate has declined to about half from the end of the 1970s to about 1.5 at the end of the 1980s.
In the 2000s, when low birth rates began to become a problem, the government turned to the population policy, but the birth rate has declined at a more rapid rate than any other country, as the birth rate of advanced countries has declined as well as the exogenous birth rate.
On the other hand, Korea has a tendency to increase the proportion of adult males compared to other countries except for the Korean War during the 1950s, according to the traditional preferences of South Korea.
In developed countries, high-income countries, or Japan, where sex ratios are not much greater than in Korea, the rate of birthrates slowed more slowly.
This suggests that if the hysteresis effect of South Korean preference is gradually weakened and the gender ratio of male and female generations in the future is restored to balance, the negative effect on the falling birth rate may be offset.
As mentioned above, the housing price increase rate is an indicator used in the analysis of marriage or parenting costs in Korea.
In addition to the cost of marriage, analysis of the points that unmarried men and women pointed out as necessary for marriage policy revealed that the factors that make marriage difficult are youth unemployment, the disadvantages of marriage, workplace weddings, and long hours of work practices.
The biggest problem that happens when South Korea becomes older is that the satisfaction level of the lives of the elderly has become lower.
South Korea's poverty rate for senior citizens is serious among advanced countries, but the country has so far failed to properly prepare for the aging population.
It can be said that the problem of the exclusion of the elderly from the labor market is difficult to solve only through social respect and support for the elderly that has been carried out in the past.
While the number of elderly people is increasing, the total cost of raising the number of young children and the elderly to support every 100 people in Korea's production age is expected to soar from 37.6 in 2019 to 120.2 in 2067, the figure is expected to rise to the highest level in the world.
In particular, the number of people aged 65 or older who will be supported for every 100 people in the productive age group will surge five-fold from 20.4 in 2019 to 102.4 in 2067.
South Korea's best growth is expected to pick up around the world outlook also exceeded 100 costs and keep old age.
In the same period, the world's total maintenance is only to 2019, up from 53.2 million to 62.0, 2067 Old age support ratio is 2019 from 14.0 2067, rose to 30.2.
By median age is age to list in the order of the total population means a person's age in the center.
1.2 years old from Europe (42.5 years), a high level until next year, but it is by median age of our country, 14.6 years old will be higher than Europe (Also, 47.5 years old) in 2065.
By the median age of the world's population was 30.9 years old in 2020 from 38.2 years old will rise by 2065.
In general, people do not have income activities in their childhood, but they do not have access to learning activities under the care of their parents.
Focus on production and generate income until you retire from youth saving money for the future, living based on assets accumulated in the youth and the old age.
South Korea's aging society measures include strengthening the income security system for stable retirement, expanding the conditions for improving the quality of life of the elderly, seeking ways to utilize the manpower against the reduction of the available population, and taking the leap to an aging-friendly economy.
To relieve blind spots in public pensions, the government will expand women's pension entitlements and increase their participation in national pensions such as one-time and part-time special employment.
We will improve the financial system in preparation for long-term risks due to the safety assets of the elderly and expand the retirement preparation services so that they can prepare for their own retirement.
To improve the quality of life of the elderly, we will expand the conditions to improve the quality of life for the elderly.
Specifically, the process includes vitalizing the health mileage system, strengthening chronic disease management, expanding comprehensive nursing care and nursing services, strengthening long-term care insurance system quality management, and reinforcing hospice palliative care services.
The company plans to support active retirement by expanding social participation opportunities such as developing leisure culture tailored to the elderly and expanding participation in volunteer support.
We will create a safe living environment by expanding rental housing for the elderly, mandatory safety training for senior drivers, and reducing traffic accidents for elderly pedestrians through the establishment of elderly protection zones.
As the decrease in the number of people available for production began in earnest in 2016, we are devising measures to utilize women, middle-aged and foreign workers.
Women's employment will be activated by diversifying the form of work such as part-time work and strengthening the reemployment support system for career-breaking women.
We will strengthen the working base of middle-aged and older workers by spreading the wage peak system to establish the 60-year-old retirement age system and mandatory life support service.
In order to expand the recruitment of overseas talented individuals, especially in areas where there is a shortage of domestic specialists, we will provide opportunities for long-term employment and settlement, and establish a mid- to long-term immigration policy to utilize foreign workers.
Therefore, the 3rd basic plan aims to foster the industrial sectors such as medical care, tourism, and food related to the elderly, and to support the development of universal design and user-oriented elderly-friendly products.
Meanwhile, in order to cope with the reduction of school age population due to low birth rate, we will promote university structural reform, teacher training, and reschedule supply and demand plan.
In order to cope with the declining population in rural areas due to aging and urbanization, the government also proposes measures to revitalize return-to-home villages.
Finally, it plans to reform the national pension system and stabilize the income base of health insurance to manage the financial risk of social insurance.
For the efficient use of national finance, the government proposes measures to reorganize quasi-duplicate financial projects, expand revenue bases, and manage mid- to long-term financial risks.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 16 August 1911 because of the resignation of Labor Party member Henry Horne because he disagreed with legislation introduced by the Labor Secretary for Lands Niels Nielsen.
After My Death () is a 2017 South Korean mystery drama film written, directed and edited by Kim Ui-seok and stars Jeon Yeo-been, Seo Young-hwa and Go Won-hee.
When her missing classmate and close friend Kyung-min (Jeon So-nee) is suspected of committing suicide, Young-hee (Jeon Yeo-been) becomes the prime suspect because she was the last one seen with Kyung-min on the night of her disappearance.
When the school and her family offer her no support with the bullying she is experiencing, she decides to commit suicide herself.
He is Professor for Mathematics at University of Washington Bothell, and received the PhD at the University of Arkansas in 2001.
He is known for his 2015 discovery, with Jennifer McLoud-Mann and undergraduate student David Von Derau, of the 15th and last class of convex pentagons to tile the plane.
This problem is closely related to the einstein problem, of whether there exists a shape that can tessellate space, but only in a nonperiodic way.
He joined the faculty of University of Washington Bothell in 2013, where he is active in engaging undergraduate students in research.
The 2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests, are a series of ongoing protests by Iranian Baluchis located in the Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran.
Demonstrators closed off several roads in the area, and were met with the security forces responding with tear gas and live bullets in attempt to disperse the crowd.
Alban Jude Lynch AO (born 1930) is a mining engineer and academic who helped develop the mineral processing teaching experience for mining students in Australia.
He worked as an industrial chemist between 1947 and 1953 while studying his Diploma of Chemical Engineering part time through the Sydney Technical College.
He took his PhD from the University of Queensland in 1965 and a DSc from the University of New South Wales in 1975.
Lynch joined the staff of the University of Queensland’s Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering as a Research Officer in 1958.
In 1971, Mount Isa Mines established the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre at the site of the former Indooroopilly Silver Mine in Brisbane, Queensland owned by the University of Queensland.
His network of industry and academic colleagues led to fieldwork opportunities for students and he supervised over 30 doctoral students during his time as director.
In Sri Lanka, a Provincial Minister (,) is politician, who is a Member of the Board of Ministers of a province.
Under the article 154F of the Sri Lankan Constitution, the Governor of the province on the advice of the Chief Minister can appoint a Member of Provincial Council as a Member of the Board of Ministers of the province.
The Board of Ministers would aid and advise the Governor of the Province in the exercise of his functions, which will not be inquired into in any Court.
In addition, since all provincial ministers are members of the provincial council they are entitled to allowances and benefits of provincial councilor.
Each provincial minister is entitled to two vehicles, which includes an official vehicle and security vehicle provided and maintained by their provincial council.
In the Sri Lankan order of precedence, provincial ministers are placed after the Members of Parliament, but before the Secretary to the President.
Coke Studio Africa, is a non-competitive music collaboration reality show and television program, which features live studio-recorded music performances by various artists.
A Coca-Cola Company creation, the show has earlier editions in other countries in Asia like Pakistan and India and the Philippines.
The first season of the Coke Studio Africa was in 2016, previously there was Coke Studio South Africa and Coke Studio Africa but the two were merged in 2017 to Coke Studio Africa.
The countries featuring are South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Mozambique, DRC, Rwanda, Madagascar, Mauritius, Kenya, Angola, Zimbabwe, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Cameroon.
He was selected in one of the last batches of the Ceylon Civil Service, before it became the Sri Lankan Administrative Service.
He was a government agent, served as secretary to the Treasury (1989 – 1994) and as a senior advisor to the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2002–2004 and 2015–2019).
El Exigente: The Demanding One is an album by American jazz drummer/composer/bandleader Chico Hamilton released by the Flying Dutchman label in 1970.
The 2019 Wong Tai Sin District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 25 members to the District Council.
The pro-democrats scored a historic landslide victory in the election amid the massive pro-democracy protests by taking all the seats in the council.
The series is stars Maite Perroni, Jorge Poza, Regina Pavón, Alejandro Speitzer, and Erik Hayser, and is scheduled to premiere in 2020.
Alma (Maite Perroni), is a woman who teaches law and who in turn is married to Leonardo (Jorge Poza), a judge who conceals many truths.
Some comedy festivals she has performed at include; Heavyweights Comedy Jam, Blacks Only, Have a Heart, Just Because Comedy Festival, The Tshwane Comedy Festival, The Lifestyle SA Festival and Old Mutual Comedy Encounters.
In the early 1980s, the Chinese government relaxed bureaucratic control over resource allocation by allowing State-owned Enterprises (SOE) to produce and sell above-plan output at the market.
Rather than dismantling the plan immediately, reformers guaranteed a long-run dynamic process that would gradually increase the share of non-plan, market transactions in the economy and made the dual-track system into an unabashed transitional device.
Nonetheless, the uneasy coexistence of disparate elements of old (centrally planned) and new (market oriented) economic institutions and policies induce contradictions and weaknesses, all of which generated a skewing of opportunities for daoye to capture windfall profits by engaging such activities as speculation, profiteering, bribery and corruption.
Some are entirely innocent and even conducive, for they alleviated the shortage of some products and increased the market transactions in the dual-track system.
Much behavior represents a kind of mild corruption, with private traders’ buying goods at the fixed state price, usually through their connection to official employees, and reselling at a market price.
In China, however, under the criminal law in 1979, daoye would be put in prison as long as they increase prices when there is a supply shortage.
For example, a daoye would be considered guilty if he transported clothes from Guangdong Province to northern cities and resold at high prices.
Daoye phenomenon has been the subject of much controversy, reflecting a call to account for success and failure of China’s first decade reform.
Using techniques of questionable legality, these men and women, many of whom had been political prisoners during the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and 70s, wrote an important chapter in China’s economic and political history following Beijing's decision in 1978 to loosen its reins on the economy.
But regardless of their machinations, it is the labor and hustle—and sometimes sleaze—of these businessmen, that accelerated the country’s economic transformation in the 1980s and 1990s.
China’s pre-reform economy, particularly with regard to heavy industrial development, rather closely followed the model of Soviet Union style command planning.
After the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established in October 1949, the CCP gave overwhelming priority to channeling the maximum feasible investment into heavy industry.
Planners controlled a large volume of resources in the economy, particularly the scarcest and most vital inputs, and controlled the flow of those resources from producer to consumer through the process of price settings.
On the whole, therefore, the signals upon which economic actors based in this type of economy came from bureaucratic commands rather than market-responsive prices.
The command economy was an effective way to subordinate individual economic decision-making to the overall national development strategy of building China into industrial power.
But the substantial distortion in the price system and in resource allocation made the economy unable to realize the scale of economy and general equilibrium.
On the eve of economic reform, there is substantial evidence suggesting that China’s command economy was performing relatively poorly, which made China continuously sought a workable set of principles for decentralization.
Rather than dismantling the plan immediately, reformers guaranteed a long-run dynamic process that would gradually increase the share of non-plan, market transactions in the economy and made the dual-track system into an unabashed transitional device.
Nonetheless, the uneasy coexistence of disparate elements of old (centrally planned) and new (market oriented) economic institutions and policies induce contradictions and weaknesses, that is, price differences between plan and market, supply scarcity, institutional and administrative disorder, all of which generated a skewing of opportunities for daoye to capture windfall profits.
Short after the third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CCP Central Committee held in December 1978, the Chinese government relaxed bureaucratic control over resource allocation.
The July 1979 State Council allowed SOEs to sell above-plan products, giving birth to the second track – that is, the market – for the circulation and pricing of enterprise output.
At first, the market for goods that were subject to negotiated pricing was small and it did not have much influence.
In January and February 1985, official recognition caught up with concrete reality, and enterprises were formally given the right to transact outside plan goods at market determined prices.
In so doing, the government gave explicit definition to two separate spheres of economic activity, each marked by its own characteristic means of regulation.
The planned sector, with compulsory deliveries at state fixed prices, was to persist but its scope was clearly delineated and fixed in absolute terms.
The market sector, with freely determined prices, was to cover the remainder of the economy, and was to grow steadily as the economy grew.
Because nearly every good has more than one price, illicit income can be made merely by transforming the status of a good.
Anyone who can purchase a good at the low, state-set price and then sell at the higher market price derives substantial profit.
For example, during the mid-1980s, a standard medium-weight truck sold for a plan price of 20,000 RMB, and a market price around 35,000 RMB.
Illicit sale of a single truck in high demand by emerging peasant entrepreneurs would yield a profit of 15,000 RMB, about fifteen times the average annual urban wage.
In the early 1980s, private operators still depended mainly on state supply organs for the bulk of producer goods and consumer goods.
This was attributed in press report to the state units’ inadequate grasp of the importance of the private economy or lingering leftist attitudes (i.e., conservatives’ opposition to the policy of encouraging private business) and to feelings of solidarity with state retailers threatened by private competition.
The methods used against private business also indicate that in some cases state wholesalers discouraged individual buyers because their small orders were less convenient to handle than those of the larger state and collective buyers.
Even if a series of reforms in marketing worked to reduce the importance of state distribution agencies and to widen the supply avenues open to private business, private operators continued to be disadvantaged, though in another way, when obtaining supplies.
For example, in Hubei in 1983, over 95% of the goods sold by private retailers were bought from state commercial outlets and supply and marketing cooperatives.
In later years such complaint continued to appear, but they began to be far outnumbered by complaints that wholesalers took advantage of a seller’s market by charging high prices or demanding bribes and favors.
Such was the nature of this supply system, however, with its uneasy mesh of planned and market distribution, inadequate distribution arrangements and pressing demand, that the opportunities for profiteering, were immense.
Since 1984, China’s economic development had been overheated with the scale of investment increasing year by year and the excessive growth in consumption funds.
The high-speed economic growth, with GNP accelerated to a remarkable 11.5% annual rate between 1983 and 1988 , developed into a situation of double inflation of both vestment demand and consumption demand.
For four consecutive years, social demand had exceeded social supply, with the supply-demand difference ratio being expanding from 4.7% in 1983 to 13.6% in 1987.
Without the various institutional arrangements and supervisions under the dual-track system, a number of problems, including speculation, operating without a license, earning exorbitant profit, and manufacturing and selling counterfeit and fake commodities, had arisen that both demanded and defied solution.
As early as 1983 the central government had frequently issuance of bulletins bemoaning its inability to carry through with national construction projects.
In addition, a pattern of policy oscillation marked through the implementation of dual-track system, these policies shifted in ways that were unpredicted and disruptive to the economy.
excessive social demand, excessive industrial development speed, excessive issue of credit and currency, excessive price increase and disorder in the economy.
Most daoye started up their businesses by buying up goods in short supply, such as famous-brand wines and cigarettes, grain, fertilizer, televisions, even special-issue postage stamps, for resale at high price.
Many of these goods were transported from southern and coastal cities, where free market was more developed and commodities were in relatively ample supply, to the northern provinces and hinterland.
In Chengdu, for example, there was a regular cigarette market on the banks of the Jin River, where private vendors could buy top-brand cigarette at about twice as the state retail price.
In August 1987, this market was reported as handling two thousand cartons each day; one year later it was still going strong, and several private vendors said they always got their top-brand cigarettes there.
Private business in trades where supplies might be a problem, such as a tinsmith, a signmaker using plastics, and a chicken farmer requiring large amounts of feed, were run by former state employees or their relatives, and obtain their materials from former work units or from connections made when working there.
High demand for some goods provided amply opportunity for cadres in the state units who had power over those goods to profit from their positions.
The state unit or staff member could profit by selling not the commodities themselves but the stage-unit status that facilitated buying.
Many of the cases of illegal trading reported in the media involved individual businessmen using checks, identification, or letters of introduction from state or collective units.
Statistics showed that nearly 41 million people, accounting for 43% of the total labor force in the tertiary sector, participated in business activities related to the dual-track price structure by 1988.
The overall annual amount of the price differentials for commodities, bank loans, and foreign currencies between the planned and market sectors totaled 200 to 350 billion RMB, accounting for 20% to 30% state revenue that year.
As profiteer grew rampant, the issue was canvassed extensively in the national press as a campaign against speculation and profiteering was launched.
In fact, because of them the distribution for commodities are more blocked up, the time required for commodity distribution is longer, and prices are higher.
Enterprises and consumers have to bear heavier burdens, the order of the socialist market economy is destroyed, and the development of productivity is obstructed.
Beginning in the early 1990s, the government decided to eliminate the dual-track system, but managed to suggest that the way to do so was by a gradual shift to a market price system.
In sharp contrast to the tumultuous, and sometimes extremely unstable relationship during the Cold War, China and Russia normalized their relationship in the beginning of 1990s, largely based on tactical accommodation of each other’s interests.
After the dissolution of USSR in 1991, both Russia and China desired to find a path towards free-marketing and new ways of economic development.
Millions of Chinese people came to Russia, seeking business opportunities and wealth: the total value of trade increased from $3.9 billion dollars in 1991 to $5.86 billion dollars in 1992.
Besides official support and agreements, there were also several critical reasons and motivations for this sharp increase: due to the unbalanced economic development patterns in the Soviet era, the shortage of agricultural and light industrial products was a big problem at that time; on the other hand, Chinese individual business also was eager to find a new market.
To do transnational profiteer, daoye usually bought cheap light industrial products (like clothes and shoes) and food (such as candies) in China and take the train from Beijing to Moscow.
When the train entered Russia, they would sell their products to Russians in one station after another at a very high price.
They also would buy Russian products (typically, they were military products or fur) on the way back and sell them in China.
Firstly, the economic and political environment of Russia was chaotic and unfriendly to foreigners, which, together with the activity of gangs, violated the legal rights and security of Chinese people and companies: local Russian officials and police usually asked for bribes from Chinese businessmen and they did little to prevent business people from being robbed.
Secondly, many products sold to Russia, like down jackets and shoes, were pinchbeck and low-quality, which made Russians hostile to Chinese and Chinese products.
In 1975, Mou was sentenced to death for writing the essay, but the political shift following the end of the Cultural Revolution led to his being spared.
Mou went into business, just as hundreds of thousands of political prisoners and educated youth returned to cities took the same path in the early 1980s.
Since then, Mou built his reputation by barter deals that traded China’s low-cost goods and agricultural products for foreign capital, technology and high-priced foreign products.
His Beijing-based Land Economic Group, which is involved in barter trade, telecommunications, real estate and a host of manufacturing ventures, was once the sixth-largest (in asset size) private company in China.
That year, Mou hatched a plan to launch a series of satellites aboard Russian rockets, but his brainstorm came just as the Chinese government put the brakes on the country's overheating economy.
Mou arranged for a $75 million letter of credit from the Bank of China to import computers and then used it to finance the satellite launches.
Two satellites eventually were launched, but Land Group officials say Mou may actually have done little more than pay millions to put the company's name on them; the launches generated no significant revenue and Mou’s company fell more than $40 million in debt.
Daoye phenomenon has been the subject of much controversy, reflecting a call to account for success and failure of China’s first decade reform.
Using techniques of questionable legality, these men and women, many of whom had been political prisoners during the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and 70s, wrote an important chapter in China’s economic and political history following Beijing's decision in 1978 to loosen its reins on the economy.
But regardless of their machinations, it is the labor and hustle—and sometimes sleaze—of these businessmen, that accelerated the country’s economic transformation in the 1980s and 1990s.
And some are the large-scale profiteering of high-level officials and their relatives, demanding from bribes and extortion in exchange for massive deals.
In China, however, under the criminal law in 1979, daoye would be put in prison as long as they increase prices when there is a supply shortage.
For example, a daoye would be considered guilty if he transported clothes from Guangdong Province to northern cities and made a profit.
The populace perspective about daoye is also ambivalent, paralleling a society changing so fast that various currents of hybridization and ambivalence overlapped.
In general, daoye were not respected since majority of them were seen to have made money through illegal or more accurately improper connections to official rather than through sound business decisions and investment.
More important, daoye nurtured a dramatic rise in levels of income inequality and a skewing of opportunities for upward social mobility.
They made profit from the dual-track price system, exploiting state assets which should have been the shared more widely with the public.
In this sense, daoye were seen to be involved in a zero-sum game with the rest of society since their gains were balanced by others’ losses.
While official profiteer guaodao was universally resented, profiteer had indeed become a common part-time money-raiser for virtually everyone in Chinese society who happened to know the right people at the right time.
During the process of extolling the virtue of getting rich, it was frequently unclear just which activities were legal and which were illegal.
Dayouth is an Arabic-derived term for a person who is apathetic or permissive with regards to unchaste behaviour by relatives or a spouse.
The term dayouth has historically held religious, legal and familial implications, depending on time and region, especially if a liaison results in pregnancy.
The term has also permeated into populations that have religious denominations with such explications (such as Islamic jurisprudence) or geographically adjacent populations where the term is in usage.
This ranges from criticism of its usage as an pejorative being suggestive of acceptance of vain paternalistic gender roles, stigmatization of sexuality or overprotective intrusive sexual gatekeeping within a household and thereby an approval of patronization, to acceptance of its usage in instances where there is an affront to modesty or the archetype of religiously inspired abstinence.
North West Hebephile Hunters are a paedophile hunting team based in the north of England who attempt to prevent child grooming or child sexual abuse.
The group places child decoys onto online platforms and wait for the offender to first of all make contact and then communicate sexually.
The team will then confront the offender, perform a citizen's arrest and discuss the evidence at hand, usually chat logs and explicit pictures sent to the decoy.
As performing a citizens arrest without good reason carries a charge of false imprisonment, care is always taken to ensure the guilty party is confronted.
The group hands the offender to the police along with documented evidence, which is then used to charge the suspect and in any subsequent court case.
NWHHG, like similar groups, has been described as a vigilante group in some media reports, although operates fully within the law.
Both Ølstykke and Stenløse has been counted as one city by Statistics Denmark from 1 January 2010, and it forms the eastern part of the city closest to Copenhagen, 25 kilometers in a straight line northwest of City Hall Square, as well as Gammel Ølstykke and Ølstykke Stationsby in the west.
She was raised until the war with a young Spanish refugee welcomed by his mother after the defeat of the Republicans.
She was close to her French teacher, Colette Audry (1906-1990), who published several novels after the war and whose influence probably played a role in her vocation as a writer.
She joined the French Resistance in 1943 in the immigrant workforce (MOI), an organization of the Communist Party gathering immigrants, the most active in the Resistance in Grenoble in 1943.
She later chose to take as a pen name a name formed by the meeting of the two first names, Catherine and Claude, under whom she and her future husband who, for security reasons, wore false identities, met each other.
She was in charge until May 1944 to develop in the lycées of Grenoble another organization dependent on the Communist Party, the National Movement Against Racism.
She and Claude distanced themselves in 1956 after the repression of the Budapest uprising by the USSR and the publication of the Khrushchev Thaw.
She reapproached the Communist Party in 1968 and participated in the creation of the Union of Soviet Writers, by a group led notably by Jean-Pierre Faye, Nathalie Sarraute and Michel Butor.
It was founded in 2019 by Northern Territory Legislative Assembly MP and former Chief Minister of the Northern Territory Terry Mills.
The party's first candidate announcements for the 2020 Northern Territory general election included Kelly and Regina McCarthy, a former candidate for the defunct far-right Rise Up Australia Party.
In December 2019, the party announced that their candidate in the 2020 Johnston by-election would be Steven Klose, the Country Liberal Party's candidate for the seat in the previous election.
Joanna Maria Tak van Poortvliet (15 February 1871, The Hague - 8 July 1936, Dornach) was a Dutch art collector and the namesake for an art museum in Domburg.
She was born to the Dutch Reformed minister, Johannes Tak van Poortvliet, and his wife, Christina Louisa Henrietta Geertruida van Oordt (1850-1897).
She became wealthy after her father died and left 1,500,000 Florins, equivalent to roughly €18 million ($20 million) in 2013, to be distributed among his four children.
After 1906, she spent the summers in Domburg with her companion, Jacoba van Heemskerck, for whom she set up a studio and acted as a patron.
Later, she sold some to various Dutch museums; leaving a legacy to the Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen and the Stedelijk Museum.
Tak and Van Heemskerck were both supporters of the Antroposophy movement of Rudolf Steiner and she translated several of his works into Dutch.
With her help, and Steiner's, Dr. Willem Zeylmans van Emmichoven was able to establish the Netherlands branch of the Anthroposophical Society in 1923.
Laurel studied at RMIT and took her BA at La Trobe University in the 1960’s, sharing houses with performers from the Pram Factory Theatre in Carlton.
She learnt chorus work, acrobatics and clowning but instead became its chief costume designer and wardrobe mistress, adapting the costumes to suit the physicality required of the performers.
She has also produced historic costumes for the National Museum in Canberra, Immigration Museum of Melbourne, State Museum in Carlton, Jewish Museum in Sydney, Powerhouse Museum in Sydney and the Bendigo and Ballarat Regional Museum.
The film tells about the state adviser Pralinsky, who, on his way home, finds himself next to the house where he observes the wedding of one of his subordinates, and he decides to congratulate him.
Until January 1, 2010, Ølstykke was an independent city, but today it has merged with Stenløse and forms the urban area of Ølstykke-Stenløse with 22,030 inhabitants.
Thamihla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Myanmar, located on the small uninhabited Diamond Island near the mouth of Pathein River.
As of 1999, about 20,000-30,000 green see turtle eggs and 7,000-15,000 loggerhead sea turtle eggs were estimated on beaches every year.
The film tells about the scientist Vladimir Bantikov, who decides to create his double in the form of a robot, but this robot suddenly began to live its own life...
The garden was created in the year 2006 and inaugurated by the then Member of Parliament Pawan Kumar Bansal on 14 August 2006.
Every year, the local administration, i.e., Chandigarh Administration organize a 2-day Teej Festival on the occasion of Teej at the premises of Shivalik Garden.
The film tells about the Soviet counterintelligence, trying to find and neutralize the spies who were sent to the USSR in order to obtain secret information about the construction of a large military-industrial complex...
Yuan of the Red Army Command (, also used the name ) - banknotes issued by the Soviet military command in Northeast China in 1945-1946.
In February 1945, at the Yalta Conference, the Soviet Union undertook to enter the war with Japan no later than 3 months after the defeat of Germany.
To pay for purchases of food and other goods and services needed to provide Soviet military units, the Soviet military command launched the release of military money.
The issue was made until May 1946 and was stopped with the withdrawal of the Soviet troops, by this time denominations of 1 and 5 yuan due to inflation were practically not used in circulation.
Banknotes of 10 and 100 yuan with stickers affixed with signs continued to be used in circulation until the issuance of new banknotes in China.
His research in the fields of cell biology and biochemistry has significantly contributed to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular traffic within eukaryotic cells, more especially in the endolysosomal pathway.
Using innovative approaches such as phospholipid-specific antibodies and reconstituted cell-free systems, Jean Gruenberg and his colleagues were able to unravel several important mechanisms regulating the biogenesis and membrane dynamics of early and late endosomal compartments.
Jean Gruenberg and his family resides in Switzerland and he works at the University of Geneva as an emeritus professor in the Department of Biochemistry.
When he became an independent investigator, first at the EMBL and then at the University of Geneva, he continued this line of research and worked on the characterization of early and late endosomes, and identified a transport intermediate between these organelles known as the ECVs/MVBs (Early Carrier Vesicles / MultiVesicular Bodies).
A milestone discovery in the career of Jean Gruenberg was the identification and the characterization of an atypical inverted cone-shaped phospholipid, originally named lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) and also known as bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP).
Using specific monoclonal antibodies, LBPA/BMP was shown to be enriched in intralumenal vesicles of late endosomes and to regulate the intracellular transport and homeostasis of cholesterol.
A young, stubborn and undisciplined man goes to serve in the army, where he will understand the need for military service...
The three symmetrically rounded sepals generally form a triangle with a small central structure, made up of the column, small petals and small lip.
Florets are about 3 mm in size and have 0.6-0.8 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, inflated, greenish-white petals, oval and obtuse 3-nerved sepals (1.9-2.0 mm dorsal length and 1.0-2.0 mm width), and lip with a transverse thickening at the base.
Over the centuries, the term has been broadened to include many other species of parasitic plants with similar habits, found in other parts of the world, that are classified in different genera and even families—such as Misodendraceae and the Loranthaceae.
Found in countries such as Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama in dense, wet tropical forests at elevations around 1050 to 1100 meters.
Hare Krishna Golden Temple ( TELUGU - హరే కృష్ణ గోల్డెన్ టెంపుల్) has deities of Radha and Govinda, located at Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
It is the First Golden Temple of Telangana and was inaugurated in 2018 by Hon Vice President of India Sri Venkaiah Naidu Garu.
HKM Hyderabad is a charitable society with the objective of propagating Krishna Consciousness all over the world, as explained by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Founder-Ācharya of worldwide Hare Krishna Movement, whose teachings are based on the Bhagavad Gita and Srimad Bhagavatam.
Along with Lord Swayambhu Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy, Lord Shiva also self manifested himself as Swayambhu Sri Panchajanyeshwara Swamy at the same place.
The Majestic Hare Krishna Golden Temple is the 1st Golden Temple in Telangana and this Transcendental temple of the Lord has 50 ft Golden Dhwaja Stambh, 4600 sqft Maha Mandapam and 5 golden stairs Rajagopuram.
The uniqueness of Lord's manifestation at this place is that the Lord and his eternal consort Sri Lakshmi Devi are in a self-manifest standing posture where Lord Narasimhadev appears in a blissful divine state and Mother Lakshmi Devi is mercifully showing her Abhaya Hastha and blessing all the Devotees.
There is a rare Saligrama (Shaligrama or Salagrama) shila kept in the Garbhalayam of the presiding deity Swayambhu Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy.
This Saligrama Shila was found in Gandaki River (Near Muktinath Temple, Nepal) and Miraculously arrived at this Kshetram by the inconceivable potency of the Lord.
The temple is open at 4.30 am.The day begins with a Grand Aarti ceremony called mangala-arati followed by worship of Tulasi Devi, Sri Narasimha Arati.
Hare Krishna Golden Temple also known as HKM Hyderabad provides free food to those in need through various food distribution programmes such as Akshaya Patra, the world's largest NGO-run mid-day meal programme serves Over 1.8 Million meals to school children every day.
1st Ko Si 3rd (also known as Third Is My First) is a 2014 Filipino comedy-drama film written and directed by Real Florido and produced by Anter San Agustin under Firestarters Productions.
Surfing at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at waters off Barangay Urbiztondo in San Juan, La Union.
There were concerns that surfing events were about to be suspended due to Typhoon Kammuri (Tisoy) affecting the waves in the venue.
Casugay, won hearts on social media with his kind deed, eventually won a rematch against Nurhidayat and bested fellow Filipino surfer Rogelio Esquivel for the gold medal.
Mohammad Nurul Haque (August 26, 1915 – August 27, 1998) Bangladesh Awami League politician, retired officer of British Indian Army and Pakistan Army.
He was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Council in 1970 and elected to parliament from Meherpur-2 in 1986.
Mohammad Nurul Haque was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Council Awami League candidate in 1970 and elected to parliament from Meherpur-2 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 1986.
She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies in the 10th legislature and had administrative and political offices in the municipality of Rome during the administration of the mayors Francesco Rutelli and Valter Veltroni.
For a few years she taught Literature and Philosophy at the Unitary Experimental High School of Rome and had among her pupils Valerio Magrelli, Fabio Ferzetti, Guglielmo Loy, Riccardo Barenghi, Nicola Pecorini, Daniele Archibugi and Alessandra Baduel.
She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies on June 14, 1987 on the list of the Italian Communist Party in the College of Rome - Viterbo - Latina - Frosinone, she joined the parliamentary group of the independent Left.
She participated in the Social Affairs Commission, presenting numerous bills on social problems, on family status and on the status of women.
On that occasion, Gramaglia collaborated with several other feminists of his generation, including Cristina Comencini, Francesca Comencini, Licia Conte, Silvia Costa, Lidia Ravera, and Serena Sapegno.
Sir Joshua Albert Flynn KCB (15 September 1863 – 8 October 1933) was a British civil servant who served in South Africa with Lord Kitchener.
He was educated at private schools and Kings College, London, and graduated in mental and moral science from the University of London in 1891.
She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 Summer Universiade.
The school is growing: A decade after having 1,400 students they have, 1,954 enrolled students in grades Pre-Kindergarten thru High School.
Despite the school's Ashkenaz orientation, it maintains an ongoing link to a Sephardic sage, Yaakov Moshe Hillel, who has been visiting Darchei's sizeable number of Sephardi students</ref> since 2004.
The 1991 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson University in DeLand, Florida.
won their first tournament championship in their first year in the conference and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1991 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The top two finishers from each division by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed from one division playing the second seed from the opposite in the first round.
During the Mao period, most foreign companies halted their operations in China, though China remained connected to world economy through a limited scale of international trade.
Since 1978, China was again open to foreign investment and within two decades it became the largest recipient of foreign direct investment among developing countries.
While China’s acceptance of foreign investment is commonly associated with Deng Xiaoping’s policies, Chinese leaders including Mao Zedong and Hua Guofeng already acknowledged the need to import foreign capital and technology in the early 1970s.
However, female migrant workers who contributed to the growth through participation in the foreign-owned manufacturing sector had to work in poor conditions, with insufficient labor protection, and under restricted migration opportunities due to the hukou system.
Foreign direct investment basically did not exist, except for a very small number of foreign-owned companies which continued operation in China, like the Royal Dutch Shell.
During the Cultural Revolution, the concept of self-reliance was added with revolutionary values, with Learning from Dazhai in Agriculture and Learning from Daqing in Industry as two notable examples.
After assuming power in 1978, Deng Xiaoping prioritized the policy of attracting foreign investment, giving the term self-reliance a new meaning.
To justify this shift from the self-reliance principle in the Mao period, Deng directed the drafting of a party resolution that interpreted the history of the Chinese Communist Party after coming into power in 1949 and evaluated the role and achievements of Mao Zedong.
In regard to foreign economic relations, the resolution asserts that by adhering to the principle of self-reliance, the party overcame the wartime blockade from the Nationalist Party and Japanese army.
While the 1981 resolution was widely considered as Deng’s signifying the coming of the reform and opening up, political historians Frederick C. Teiwes and Warren Sun argue that Hua Guofeng, generally seen as a loyal follower of Mao Zedong, had already advocated some of the policies that Deng was to implement in the 1980s.
Even earlier in 1972, Mao himself approved the imports of goods that allowed further involvement in international trade in late 1970s.
Soon after Mao’s death, central leaders were generally committed to production-oriented policies and open to importing foreign technology for that purpose.
Before Deng assumed power, the reinterpretation of self-reliance and the policy to attract foreign investment and technology were already in place.
To accelerate the process of opening to foreign capital and technology, the Chinese government provided presential treatments to foreign direct investment.
What he found instead was the effects of state initiatives from central level in the penetration of foreign direct investment into rural China.
He identifies two reasons for the phenomenon: 1) the farmers and managers of township and village enterprises either had to pay too high a cost to lobby for their interests or had no formal channel to influence policy-making; and 2) they lack the incentives to engage in foreign trade because of state monopoly over external interactions and the use of foreign exchange.
Only after the state loosened the control over the use of the foreign currency earned through export did the rural elite make use of the low labor cost in the countryside, increase the amount of export, and import technology to improve the quality of production.
As seen from the above table, the initial increase in foreign direct investment was slow after Chinese government passed several laws in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Political scientist David Zweig argues that significant increases did not come until the changes in national policies in 1984 when the central leaders mobilized state organs to incentivize economic opening-up.
There was a steady rise in foreign direct investment in China in the second half of the 1980s until the Tiananmen Square protests, which briefly disrupted the growing trend.
Economist Barry Naughton identifies two other reasons for the surge after 1992: 1) the institutional foundations and preferential foreign direct investment policies that the party had been building and providing in the previous decade; and 2) a further opening of the sectors that foreign companies could participate, from mainly export manufacturing before 1992, to domestic marketplace like real estate afterwards.
In terms of location, Chinese leaders set up special economic zones to attract foreign investment since 1980, with the first four in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong province and Xiamen in Fujian province.
In 1992, Chinese leaders furthered the process by setting up special economic zones in Pudong area in Shanghai and two dozen more in inner cities.
If successful , they could either set up more such zone or implement those policies in other parts of China; and if not, they could also contain the failure within the zone and keep control over the Chinese economy.
While the conservative fiction within the party drew comparison between special economic zones and foreign concessions in late Qing and Republic period, reformers considered the zones a sign of commitment to economic change.
While the economic development and urban landscape in the special economic zones symbolize the achievements of China’s economic policies since the late 1970s, the negative effects that the reform brought to Chinese society could also be found in the special economic zones..
Naughton notes that as investment from Korea and Japan focused on northeastern part of China, it may have had a stimulating effect on the otherwise declining economy in the region.
As the local production costs began to rise in the 1980s, manufactures started to relocate their production to the recently available special economic zones in China.
Naughton highlights the low transaction costs within the China circle as the key factor that facilitated the relocation of production to China and hence the inflow of capital.
As the Hong Kong and Taiwan owners brought capital, management methods, and technology to industrialize southern China, their factories also absorbed the labor force from rural countryside, leading the labor force in Guangdong and Fujian to nearly double from 1985 to 2001.
Historian Peter E. Hamilton argues that the role of Hong Kong was more than facilitating investment since 1978, but even before that, the local and American business interests in Hong Kong already attempted to engage with China economically through trade ventures and the distribution of international publications.
Their efforts paved the way for further challenging investment into China and convincing Chinese officials to adopt export-oriented policies in the 1980s.
While inequality had been a feature of the Mao period despite the Communist egalitarian rhetoric, the coming of foreign capital exacerbated and altered the form of inequality in the immediate post-Mao period.
As noted above, in attracting foreign investment the central and local governments often offered preferential treatments to foreign companies including the loosening of regulations.
One consequence of this rush for foreign investment is the abuse of labor protections in the special economic zones in China.
From the 1990s onwards there were notable fatal accidents in foreign-owned factories that were the result of poor working conditions and long working hours.
The most devastating incident was the Zhili Handicraft Factory fire in 1993 that killed 87 workers and injured 47, out of some 400 workers.
Since the 1980s, a large number of migrants from rural China has come to south China in search for factory jobs, often through the introduction of their relatives.
Most Hong Kong- or Taiwan-owned factories sub-contracted to make shoes, clothes, electronic appliances, or toys for American, European, or Japanese companies, and provided work opportunities to those migrants, mostly young women.
For the case of Zhili, the representatives of the Italian toy company initially agreed to compensate the victims, but eventually claimed that they had invested the money in school and the production of artificial limbs.
They were originally scheduled to take place in Azerbaijan in November 2020, but were brought forward after parliament was dissolved in December 2019.
John Kloss, born as John Klosowski (13 June 1937 – 25 March 1987) was an American fashion designer, known for his modern lingerie and sleepwear designs.
Henri Bendel, a women's accessories store based in New York City was credited with discovering John Kloss and providing him with early work.
He died at the age of 49 on 25 March 1987 in his home in Stamford, Connecticut from a carbon monoxide poisoning-related suicide.
Kloss' work is found in many public museum collections including at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met), Victoria and Albert Museum, among others.
He was elected as MLA from 43 (ST) Phungyar Assembly Constituency in the 11th Assembly Elections as a Naga People's Front candidate for the term 2017–2022 AD.
He completed BE (Electrical) from Bihar University in 1999 and did post graduate in Thermal Power Plant Engineering and MBA in Human Resource Management.
From 2010, he worked with the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) as Assistant Engineer (Electrical) till 2016 when he voluntarily resigned from the job to contest in the Manipur Assembly Elections.
In the 11th Manipur Assembly General Elections, He contested as Naga People's Front (NPF) candidate and won the race beating his nearest rival Somi Awungshi of BJP by a huge margin of 4778 votes.
Leishiyo Keishing was initially inducted as a Parliamentary Secretary in the BJP led Coliation Government of Manipur until the position was scrabbed in 2018.
In 2019, he toured the remotest border villages within his constituency and pointed out that no development works were undertaken in Phungyar Assembly Constituency for the past 20 years.
He also lamented at the disparity between the funds allocated for development between the valley constituencies and that of the hills.
Phungyar Assembly Constituency, according to Leishiyo Keishing is larger than the whole area covered by the 40 constituencies in the valley.
However, annual developmental fund allocated is a meagre 2 crore INR equivalent to the amount allocated to Singjamei AC the smallest Assembly Constituency in Manipur.
Pathetic condition of the constituency in terms of road connectivity and electrification, according to Leishiyo Keishing hopefully will change with the implementation of various state and centrally sponsored programs.
Silhouettes is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded and released by the Flying Dutchman label in 1984.
The gene encodes a lipase that is highly expressed in granular keratinocytes in the epidermis, and plays a role in the differentiation of keratinocytes.
Table tennis at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Subic Bay Exhibition & Convention Center, Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines from 6 to 10 December 2019.
Nasiri was selected as the best radio presenter in 2008 and was named the most accomplished female presenter of Iranian television at the Fajr Fashion and Clothing Festival.
The 1992 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Southeastern Louisiana Diamond on the campus of Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana.
won their first tournament championship in their first year in the league and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1992 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The top two finishers from each division by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed from one division playing the second seed from the opposite in the first round.
Georgia State was ineligible and did not play games that counted in the conference standings, having restarted their program for the 1992 season.
He gets off the train to buy cigarettes, and learns from the saleswoman that the cities that Green invented (the author of the eponymous novel) are real.
The 2019 Kwun Tong District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 40 members to the Kwun Tong District Council.
It was located on the Île Saint-Louis, on the west side of the rue Poulletier at its intersection with the quai du Dauphin (now 24 quai de Béthune, 4th arrondissement of Paris).
The courtyard led directly to the garden at the rear, and the stables were east of the garden, along the rue Poulletier.
Le Vau was also responsible for the design and construction of the house to the left, the Hôtel Sainctot, the river side of which was nearly complete by 1640.
It was demolished in 1935 at the request of the rich American cosmetics magnate, Helena Rubinstein, and a new building was erected to the designs of the architect Louis Sue.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 women's matches played between member sides from 1 July 2018 onwards.
The Maldives women's team made their Twenty20 International debut on 2 December 2019 against Nepal in Pokhara Stadium, Pokhara during the 2019 South Asian Games.
Where more than one player won her first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
The film tells about Major Lubentsov, who gets acquainted with military physician Tanya Koltsova, with whom he is selected from the environment, and then broke up.
In 2001, she founded her first business, BRN Consulting and Foreign Trade Ltd., after she studied international finance, Meta Trade, futures, and option at the London Metal Exchange.
Between 2001 and 2006, she helped many small and medium-sized enterprises entering the export business in the Middle East, East Africa, and West Africa.
She exported her products into more than 60 countries on five continents, and was cited as a role model for young entrepreneurs.
Erol Bedir, the club president of Kayserispor, which play in the Turkish top-level men's league of Süper Lig, resigned on 6 October 2019 following the request of the honorary club president Mehmet Özhaseki.
After serving three years on the club board, Gözbaşı was elected president of the football club with the support of the local political leaders, former government ministers, leaders of non-governmental organizations, and the president of the TOBB M. Rifat Hisarcıklıoğlu.
Becker made his professional debut for Schalke 04 in the Bundesliga on 29 November 2019, coming on as a substitute in the 90th minute in a 2–1 home win against Union Berlin.
In 1977, Kazi Lhendup Dorjee (L. D. Kazi) who was the first Chief Minister of Sikkim and the president of Sikkim Pradesh Congress Committee (SPCC: Sikkim branch of Indian National Congress (INC)) defected from his party and established JNP Sikkim.
The SPCC groups discontented with the attitude of L. D. Kazi established another political parties, Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary) (SCR) or Sikkim Prajatantra Congress (SPC).
JNP Sikkim participated in 1979 election, but it was beaten by rival political parties, Sikkim Janata Parishad (SJP), SCR and SPC.
In 1984 Sikkim Lok Sabha election, JNP Sikkim sent Ashok Kumar Subba as its candidate, but he lost and secured only 604 (0.73%) votes.
During World War II, he served in the Imperial Japanese Army in a suicide unit whose task was to ram boats filled with explosives into American ships.
However, he did not receive an order to execute a mission before his capture by the Americans in Okinawa, where he was subsequently held in a prison camp.
In 1963, the company's racket factory burned down, but Yoneyama was able to set up a new plant and resume production in only three days.
Yonex signed contracts with some of the world's top tennis players such as Billie Jean King, Martina Navratilova, and Kimiko Date.
As the company diversified under Yoneyama's leadership, he still paid close attention to badminton, inking a sponsorship agreement with the Badminton World Federation (BWF) in 1988 and signing badminton greats such as Rudy Hartono and Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen as brand ambassadors.
Born in Halberstadt, Porth came with her parents to the theater in Weimar in 1793 where she married the actor Heinrich Vohs on 29 June 1793.
Thanks to her singing talent she also found recognition in opera roles, but went with her husband to Stuttgart in 1802.
She became a member of the Vienna Hoftheater in 1808, was engaged in Frankfurt from 1805 to 1817 and at the Dresdner Hoftheater from 1818 to 1839.
A portrait previously thought to be of Goethe's wife Christiane Vulpius, a chalk drawing by Friedrich Bury from the year 1800, in fact shows Friederike Vohs.
Goar Levonovna Vartanian ( ; 25 January 1926 – 25 November 2019) was an Armenian woman who spied for the Soviet Union together with her husband Gevork Vartanian.
Goar Vartanian was born in Gyumri, in what was then the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the Soviet Union and is now Armenia.
They uncovered and prevented Operation Long Jump, an attempt by the Nazis to murder Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin Roosevelt at the Tehran Conference in 1943.
The film tells about the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad, which are united by an incredibly strong desire for victory...
AeroTal (Colombian Territorial Airlines, formerly as the Airlines El Llanero) was an Colombian airline based in the La Vanguardia Airport of Villavicencio.
Then, with the closure of the Avianca base in the town of Villavicencio, it was decided by the AeroTal board to expand their route chart and retake destinations abandoned by the rival company Avianca.
A year later, LAN Airlines Sud Aviation Caravelle aircraft were acquired by AeroTal to operate the busiest routes of the company in Arauca and Leticia.
When there was specific transport of cargo, international charter flights were made, which in turn made the possibility of replacing the DC-4 with larger planes to cover for the mass international routes it had at that current time.
It was also decided by the AeroTal company board to suspend operations in Leticia to use the new jets on trunk air routes.
Three years later, a fourth Sud Aviation Caravelle was incorporated to AeroTal's fleet to accommodate for the enormous demand for the trunk air routes.
Then in 1979 the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) authorized cargo flights to Miami, for which a Boeing 707 was acquired through Leasing.
The latter had been warned in a statement by Boeing, which mentioned problems with the ailerons and the rudder, leaks in the hydraulic and fuel system.
Then in 1983, there was a financial crisis in some banks and that caused AeroTal to suspend a lot of its operations to cease.
Also during that period there was a restructuring of AeroTal executives, and Avianca was requested to cover the airline's routes temporarily.
After the bankruptcy of AeroTal, irregularities were discovered in the operation of the company, as well as invalid procedures to take the aircraft to other countries.
In the year 1984, the president of the company, Hugo Salguero, presented a plan to the AeroTal company board to save the company.
The way to cover the old debts and supply the public needs was sought, since at that time Avianca had suspended its cargo flights to United States.
So by the end of the eighties all efforts to revive the company ended and the company was put to rest.
George William Rudkin (22 June 1912–2003) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Carlisle United and Mansfield Town.
Hedayatollah Behboudi Kalhori (Persian: ;هدایت الله بهبودی کلهری; born 9 may 1960), known as Hedayatollah Behboudi (Persian: هدایت الله بهبودی) is an Iranian Shia writer and reporter.
In 2007 she became Djibouti's chargé d'affaires to the United Nations and from 2013 to 2015 she was elected to the board of UN Women.
Hassan was promoted to be Republic of Djibouti's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the to the Swiss Confederation in September 2016.
A previous holder was Roble Olhaye who died in 2015 and Hassan paid tribute to his 27 years of service at the UN in 2015.
Alfie Sams (10 November 1911–1990) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Reading.
He studied at Sevastopol Secondary School № 23, and since 1993 - at School № 34, which he graduated with honors in 1994.
He studied gun-missile integrated weapon systems of surface vessels, was awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for excellent training results, high military discipline and conscientious performance of duty.
After returning to civilian life, from 2006 to 2009 he received his second higher education at the Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University in journalism.
Since 2009 - Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Black Sea Security magazine, expert of the Center for Assistance to the Study of Geopolitical Issues and Euro-Atlantic Cooperation of the Black Sea Region NOMOS.
He has been widely published in the media as an expert, in particular, writing about the problems of the Black Sea Fleet based in Sevastopol.
Oleksiy managed to inform him that he was innocent of anything, and his testimony was received from him under pressure and threats against his relatives.
Later, during the trial, Bessarabov and Volodymyr Dudka, who is another participant of the 'saboteurs case', repeatedly stated that in the first days after their detention, they were tortured, including electric shock.
After completion of the first trial, the occupying Sevastopol city court was unable to reach a verdict and on April 6, 2018 returned to the prosecutor's office a 'sabotage case' to remedy the shortcomings.
In compliance with a decision of his deceased father, Costa then entered the Seminary of Our Lady of Fatima in Dili.
Subsequently, after realising that he was unable to fulfil his parents' dream that he would become a priest, he left the seminary and enrolled at the .
By 1978, Costa had become a Fretilin member; that year he witnessed the destruction by the Indonesians of the East Timorese resistance base in Laclo.
After the withdrawal of the Indonesians from East Timor in 1999, Costa worked for the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) and became the UNHCR's representative in East Timor for eight years.
In the 2001 parliamentary election, Costa stood as an independent candidate to become a direct representative for the then district of Manatuto.
On 22 June 2018, after being approached and supported by the People's Liberation Party (PLP), Costa was sworn in as Minister of Justice of the VIII Constitutional Government, under Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.
The Ministry of Culture (, ) is the Algerian government ministry which oversees the protection and enhancement of Algeria's cultural heritage.
The tournament served as the first round of the 2020 IKF European Korfball Championships to be held in the Poland in 2020, with both the winner and runner-up qualifying for the 2020 IKF European Korfball B-Championship.
Two groups (A and B) were drawn, four teams in group A and three teams in group B, with each team playing the other teams in their group once.
The top two teams in these groups moved to the semi-finals, while the remaining three teams played another round-robin tournament to determine theor final overall position.
Muriel drew on his own life for material and completed four volumes of autobiography that relied heavily on his youth in Suffolk and Essex.
His biographies were reviewed as more readable than authoritative and his three works of London topography were an entertaining wander through London's history and lore.
His fiction encompassed the thriller as well as novels with more serious themes, at least two of which were banned in the Republic of Ireland.
His father and grandfather were both physicians in East Anglia, where the family had a long history that included a mayor of King's Lynn, an archdeacon of Norfolk, and a mayor of Cambridge.
Gertrude Woodthorpe enjoyed the story but noted the lack of a bibliography, the neglect of Eliot's novels, and the lack of quotation from her letters or journals.
In her review of Muriel's biography of Mary Delany (1940), from whose sister Anne, Muriel claimed descent, Woodthorpe found an account that did not paint Delany in as warm a light as her contemporary reputation suggested.
In the account of Temple Bar, for instance, Muriel used the device of a narrator talking to a U.S. Army sergeant as they walked from Temple Bar to St. Paul's Cathedral along the bomb-damaged streets.
The film tells about a girl, a girl, Tanya, and her faithful dog, nicknamed Friend, who always comes to her aid and does not leave her when she gets sick...
Charles Johnston (26 November 1912–unknown) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers and Mansfield Town.
War Chamber was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on September 7, 2019.
The main event was the namesake War Chamber match, pitting Team Von Erichs (Marshall Von Erich, Ross Von Erich, Low Ki and Tom Lawlor) against Contra Unit (Ikuro Kwon, Jacob Fatu, Josef Samael and Simon Gotch), which Tom Von Erichs won.
However, in 2018, WWE acquired the rights to the WarGames name from MLW for its NXT TakeOver events, which led to MLW stopping the usage of WarGames name.
On June 2, 2019, MLW.com reported that MLW would be holding an event in Dallas, Texas for the first time later in the year.
It was later revealed that the War Chamber match would headline the event, which was a variation of the WarGames match, with the only difference being that the ring would be locked by a carbon steel chamber and barbed wire would be placed on the top of the chamber and victory could be attained by pinfall or submission.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
The Contra Unit trio of Simon Gotch, Jacob Fatu and Josef Samael debuted in MLW at Intimidation Games by attacking Tom Lawlor after Lawlor had successfully defended the MLW World Heavyweight Championship against Low Ki in a steel cage match.
The group attacked Lawlor numerous times, leading to a title match between Lawlor and Fatu at Kings of Colosseum, which Fatu won thus winning the World Heavyweight Championship.
On August 4, MLW.com reported that Lawlor and the Von Erichs challenged Contra Unit to the namesake match at the War Chamber event, which was made official on August 7.
On August 20, it was announced that Kevin Von Erich would be the cornerman for Lawlor and Von Erichs at War Chamber.
After the match, LA Park and Salina de la Renta showed up and Park attacked Banks and the referee and then Renta announced that Park would be cashing in his Golden Ticket opportunity for the World Heavyweight Championship at Saturday Night Superfight pay-per-view.
The main event was the namesake War Chamber match, pitting Team Von Erichs (Marshall Von Erich, Ross Von Erich, Low Ki and Tom Lawlor) against Contra Unit (Ikuro Kwon, Jacob Fatu, Josef Samael and Simon Gotch).
LA Park would receive his World Heavyweight Championship opportunity against Jacob Fatu at Saturday Night SuperFight, where Fatu retained the title.
And suddenly they decide to run away from their lessons and spend the whole day together, which changed their attitude both towards each other and towards the world around them...
It was established in 2000 to encourage, nurture and support Aboriginal artists with disabilities and the organisation focuses on empowerment through art.
Artists working with Mwerre Anthurre come from around Central Australia but most live in Alice Springs, often due to the need to access appropriate medical services, and the painting process allows them to express them selves and their connection to their home country.
Mwerre Anthurre developed out of The Bindi Centre, which opened in 1976 and sought to provide employment and community engagement to people with disabilities.
In the 1990s, when working in the workshop, Billy Benn Perrurle started painting on off-cuts of timber and metal and Mwerre Anthurre was founded in order support his talent.
Mwerre Anthurre is an Australian Disability Enterprise and receives funding from the Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FAHCSIA).
Artworks produced by the collective's painters hang in public galleries, including the National Gallery of Australia, and have been exhibited nationally.
Mwerre Anthurre Artists who have been publicly exhibited include Adrian Robertson and Billy Tjampijinpa Kenda, both selected for inclusion in the 2018 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award.
Robertson won an Alice Springs mayoral award for his artwork undertaken through Mwerre Anthurre, and was also a finalist in the Alice Prize, a central Australian art competition.
John Kipling Turner (20 May 1913–1979) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leeds United and Mansfield Town.
The 2019 Tsuen Wan District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 19 elected members to the 21-member Tsuen Wan District Council.
The pro-democrats seized the control of the council in the historic landslide victory in the 2019 election amid the massive pro-democracy protests by taking 16 of the 19 elected seats in the council.
Scott Biggs (born July 2, 1979) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 51st district from 2012 to 2017.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states.
The state had been all but ruled by the Ku Klux Klan for a number of years early in the decade, and the strong anti-Catholic sentiment remained outside the heavily Mexican-American south-central part of the state.
Although Smith did make large gains in the Mexican-American counties, Hoover gained greatly over Coolidge in 1924 by up to 30 percent in the heavily populated Front Range counties and Colorado consequently became the seventh most Republican states in the nation, voting 14 percentage points more Republican than the nation at-large.
In each episode James visited a notable world city, exploring tourist hotspots and commenting on the city‘s appeal in his trademark wry comic style, as well as conducting interviews with famous inhabitants.
In the second season (1990) he visited Miami, Florida, meeting Don Johnson and Gloria Estefan, while other episodes brought him to Rome, Shanghai and Los Angeles.
The third season (1991) focused on Sydney and London, the two cities with which James was most associated during his life.
In the fifth season (1994) he travelled to New York City (where he met Richard Price and Ivana Trump), while the sixth (1995) took him to Bombay, Berlin (where he interviewed German singer Meret Becker) and Buenos Aires.
In the final season James went to Hong Kong (where he met Maggie Cheung, Chris Patten, Lord Lichfield and Kai Bong Chow), Dallas, Texas and Las Vegas.
Doulatabad is a village within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the subdivision, on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is an alluvial stretch, with industrial development.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Doulatabad had a total population of 3,649, of which 1,798 (49%) were males and 1,851 (51%) were females.
Chandidaulatabad Block Primary Health Centre at PO Nepalganj with 10 beds is the major government medical facility in the Bishnupur I CD block.
Founded on 16 July 2011 by Walid Kadir, Sporting Treiziste Toulonnais played their first match on 18 September 2011 against Marseille XIII Avenir at the Stade Jean Alex-Fernandez in Toulon winning 40-24.
They lasted just one season in National Division 1, losing their only to that date coach, former French international player Gael Tallec, who resigned.
If the rotation axis of the planet is not perpendicular to the orbit plane, the incidence of the Sun on each point of planet surface will change during the year, which is the main reason of existence of seasons.
Given the different Sun incidence in different positions in the orbit, it is necessary to define a standard point of the orbit of the planet, to define the planet position in the orbit at each moment of the year w.r.t such point; this point is called with several names: vernal equinox, spring equinox, March equinox, all equivalent, and named considering northern hemisphere seasons.
Orbit eccentricity causes the planet/Sun distance to change during the year: The higher is the eccentricity, the higher is the change; Sun rays intensity in various moments of they year changes as the planet/Sun distance changes.
Earth eccentricity is very low (0.0167 in a scale from 0 to 1.0000) , hence it does not affect so much temperature changes during the year.
Conventionally one year is divided in 4 seasons, hence their duration is different if the year duration in Earth days is different.
James Harkin (8 August 1913–1988) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers and Mansfield Town.
The 2020 Southern Frontier Cup is the first edition of the Southern Frontier Cup, an international football tournament held in Surrey, England.
The competition will take place 1 week prior to the 2020 CONIFA World Football Cup in Skopje, North Macedonia, and is intended to serve as a preperation tournament for teams hoping to take part in the World Football Cup starting on 30 May.
The winners of each of the two matches on the first day compete against each other for the Southern Frontier Cup, while the two losing sides play in a third-place match.
Games will be played to 90 minutes if the teams are tied after this time then a penalty shootout will immediately follow.
Big Shot is an upcoming American sports dramedy web television series developed by Dean Lorey and David E. Kelley based on original idea by Brad Garrett for Disney+ starring John Stamos in the lead role.
The series follows a temperamental basketball coach who is fired from his current job and ends up in an elite girls private high school as Coach.
In early October 2019,Disney+ ordered ten episode hour long dramedy based on the original idea by Brad Garrett who pitched the idea to David E. Kelley and developed it along with Dean Lorey.
In late October the casting of the series regulars are released attaching Shiri Appleby as assistant coach and Yvette Nicole Brown as Dean of the school along with Richard Robichaux as George, Sophia Mitri Schloss as Emma, Nell Verlaque as Louise, Tiana Le as Destiny, Monique Green as Olive, Tisha Custodio as Carolyn ‘Mouse’ Smith, and Cricket Wampler as Samantha ‘Giggles’.
In late January 2020,it was revealed that Jessalyn Gilsig has replaced Shiri Appleby as Molly to make it a contemporary to Stamos's role.
After years of internal and external strife, the Cambodian government is currently focusing its attention to rebuilding and renovating the national economy through grants and loans from multilateral sources like the International Monetary Fund.
In March 1994, the International Committee for the Reconstruction of Cambodia (ICORC) developed a comprehensive plan in effort to support Washington Consensus policy prescriptions.
In 1997 domestic political uncertainty following an alleged coup d’état halted IMF disbursements but resumed again in 1998 after the formation of a new government.
Since the 1990's there have been no active IMF loans, but Cambodian and IMF relations continue through Technical Assistant strategies and yearly Article IV reports.
In order to gain global economic recognition from the International Monetary Fund, Cambodia was required to make fiscal structural reforms that mimic the mechanisms of a liberal-market economy.
By December 1978, Cambodia was invaded by Vietnam who implemented Hun Sen, as the new leader of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, a former Khmer Rouge commander.
Currently, Cambodia once again is a constitutional monarchy in name but is ruled exclusively by the Coalition government controlled by Hun Sen.
The IMF approved the new policies and estimated a economic growth of 6 percent if the Cambodian government is committed to the policies.
IMF technical Assistance is help from world-class IMF economists who provide expertise and advice on macroeconomic policy issues, central banking, monetary and exchange rate policies, public financing, budgeting, tax policy and administration and statistics.
Cambodia's Ministry of Economy and Finance implementations of RMS has successfully completed 71 out of 86 RMS tax administration measures, and 15 remaining are in active progress.
Following its success and expiration in 2018, IMF Staff and Cambodian authorities move to create a new strategy plan in 2019.
One benefit of IMF membership is countries are entitled to technical assistance in banking, fiscal affairs and exchange matters, and one way they help is through country surveillance and Article IV consultations.
In September 30 through October 11, 2019, Mr. Jarkko Turunen lead an IMF team to Cambodia's capital of Phnom Penh and released a comprehensive report of staff findings to be reviewed and presented to the IMF's Executive Board for discussion and decision.
It is the secondary League Cup competition run by the FA Women's National League (FA WNL), and is run in parallel with the league's primary League Cup competition, the National League Cup.
Seventy of the 71 National League clubs were included in the determining round draw, with Larkhall Athletic being granted a bye due to there being an odd number of teams in the competition.
Games are listed by round in date order, and then in alphabetical order of the home team where matches were played on the same day.
The division each team play in is indicated in brackets after their name: (S)=Southern Division; (N)=Northern Division; (SW1)=Division One South West; (SE1)=Division One South East; (M1)=Division One Midlands; (N1)=Division One North.
Thirty-four teams entered the competition after losing in the League Cup determining round, sixteen of which were in the southern section and eighteen in the northern section.
This meant that two preliminary matches were required so that sixteen teams from each area could play in the first round.
Jayasinghe was elected from the Wattala electorate from the United National Party to the House of Representatives in the 1960 March general elections, retained his seat in the 1960 July general elections and the 1965 general elections.
In the 1970 general elections he was defeated, but was elected in the 1977 general elections and was appointed Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, serving until his death in 1978.
Bhagwati Singh Visharad (23 September 1921 – 2 December 2019) was an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh belonging to Indian National Congress.
He was elected as a member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Bhagwant Nagar in 1957 as a Praja Socialist Party candidate.
The Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque (), also referred to as the Bahwan mosque after its private financiers, is located in Bausher, Oman.
Mohammed Al Ameen Mosque is a marble-clad marvel located off the Southern Expressway, at a height of 62.5 metres above sea level in Oman.
The Chandeliers – Main Prayer Hall is 11-metre tall and the Ladies Prayer Hall is 4.5 meter tall, are finished with 24-karat gold plating and Swarovski crystals.
Ernie Bell (22 July 1918–1968) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Hull City and Mansfield Town.
It is named for the state stud farm of in Bilovodsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in the easternmost part of Ukraine, where it was bred.
It shares its early history with the Russian Heavy Draught bred in Imperial Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century, and until after the Russian Revolution known as the Russian Ardennes; later development took place in Ukraine, where it received official recognition in 1999.
It was bred for draught work, but it is also reared for meat and particularly for mare's milk, of which it is a high-yielding producer.
The Novoolexandrian Draught initially developed as a sub-type of the Russian Ardennes (later named Russian Heavy Draught), and so shares its early history.
Selective breeding of what would become the Russian Ardennes began in the 1860s at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy in Moscow and at various stud farms including the historic at , in Bilovodsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in the easternmost part of Ukraine.
From about this time, stallions of the Franco-Belgian Ardennais heavy horse were imported to the Russian Empire from Sweden in increasing numbers; between 1875 and 1915, their number grew from nine to almost six hundred.
As with other Russian horse breeds, the events of the First World War and the Russian Revolution caused a severe decline in numbers; in 1924, fewer than a hundred Russian Ardennes stallions remained.
Several breed lines had developed within the Russian Ardennes, of which the smallest was the Dibrivsky, from the stud farm of the same name at in Myrhorod Raion of Poltava Oblast.
In 1923 breeding stock of this line was moved to the stud farm of , which like the Derkulski Stud was in Bilovodsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine.
Other horses of the same type were moved there from a collective at Mariupol, in Donetsk Oblast, in 1929, and selective breeding for a compact but powerful draught horse began.
Following the break-up of the Soviet Union and the independence of Ukraine, the Novoolexandrian Draught received official recognition from the Ministry of Agrarian Policy in November 1999.
The film tells about a girl named Katya, who rescues a little boy during the bombing and decides to take him under her care.
Thomas Dutton (10 November 1906–1982) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Mansfield Town and Queens Park Rangers.
Online streaming services including LETV and Tencent Video followed the new rule by deleting or censoring web series with LGBT characters.
On April 14, 2018, Sina Weibo, the equivalent of Twitter in China, announced a crackdown on LGBT content, as pursuant to the China Internet Security Law and other government regulations.
In May 2018, the European Broadcasting Union blocked Mango TV, one of China's most watched channels, from airing the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 after it edited out Irish singer Ryan O'Shaughnessy's performance, which depicted two male dancers, and blacked out rainbow flags during Switzerland's performance.
Days before the International Day Against Homophobia in 2018, two women wearing rainbow badges were attacked and beaten by security guards in Beijing.
In Russia, the Law for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values was unanimously approved by the State Duma on 11 June 2013 (with just one MP abstaining—Ilya Ponomarev), and was signed into law by President Vladimir Putin on 30 June 2013.
The Russian government's stated purpose for the law is to protect children from being exposed to homosexuality—content presenting homosexuality as being a norm in society—under the argument that it contradicts traditional family values.
Businesses and organisations can also be forced to temporarily cease operations if convicted under the law, and foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported.
The Kremlin's backing of the law appealed to the Russian nationalist far-right, but gained broad support among the Russian people and the Russian Orthodox Church, as 50% of Russians are Russian-Orthodox.
The law was condemned by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe (of which Russia is a member), by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child and by human rights groups, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
The law was also condemned for leading to an increase in, and justification of, homophobic violence, while the implications of the law in relation to the then-upcoming Winter Olympics being hosted by Sochi were also cause for concern, as the Olympic Charter contains language explicitly barring various forms of discrimination.
In theory, these laws mainly apply to sex education courses, but they can also be applied to other parts of the school curriculum as well as to extracurricular activities and groups such as gay-straight alliances.
These explicit anti-LGBT curriculum laws can be found in 6 US states namely Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas.
It was introduced in 1968, under the communist regime, during the rule of Nicolae Ceauşescu, and remained in force until it was repealed by the Năstase government on 22 June 2001.
Under pressure from the Council of Europe, it had been amended on 14 November 1996, when homosexual sex in private between two consenting adults was decriminalised.
It also continued to ban the promotion of homosexual activities, as well as the formation of gay-centred organisations (including LGBT rights organisations).
In 2001, South Korea's Ministry of Information and Communication's Information and Communications Ethics Committee began censoring online LGBT content, but it stopped the practice in 2003.
(Scotland) Act 2000, one of the first pieces of legislation enacted by the new Scottish Parliament, and on 18 November 2003 in the rest of the United Kingdom by section 122 of the Local Government Act 2003.
For example, a number of lesbian, gay and bisexual student support groups in schools and colleges across Britain were closed owing to fears by council legal staff that they could breach the act.
He is also a prize-winning translator of English-language writers such as Jonathan Franzen, David Foster Wallace, Taiye Selasi, Dave Eggers, Lydia Davis, and C.D.
Born in Reichenbach near Königsbrück as a child of poor parents and unable to practise a trade due to an accident in his childhood, Bergmann had to contribute to his own livelihood early on.
After hearing a polyphonic choir at a fair for the first time, he prepared himself as well as possible privately to be accepted into the Dresden Singchor.
His father, however, believed that he could only finance an education at a teacher's seminar, but Bergmann was able to take an entrance examination at the Kreuzschule with the intercession of the local priest, with whom he had had Latin lessons.
In September 1816 he got an engagement at the Royal Saxon Court Theatre in Dresden thanks to his beautiful tenor voice; the singer Miksch and the actor trained him further in their subjects.
The 2018–19 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 8 was the eighth event of the season and was held in Salt Lake City, United States, from 14–17 February 2019.
Charles Gardiner (7 April 1915–1973) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Nottingham Forest.
When Max was five years old the Itzig family altered its surname to Samuel, as on 2 June 1888 the Royal Bromberg Regional Government granted the family's request.
He left primary education on Easter 1897 at the age of 14 and went to live and work with his elder brother James Samuel (1871–1933) in Güstrow (Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin) where the latter had opened a shoe business (Schuhwaarenhaus J. Samuel).
In Güstrow Max Samuel was educated in the trades of shoemaking and business and then also worked as a travelling salesman.
For example, in 1907 he invented a brush for maintaining suede shoes which was patented in Germany in 1926 and in the United States in 1931, as Max Samuel's business was export-oriented.
Max Samuel called in specialists to contribute their medical or orthopedic expertise for new inventions, such as Willi Sawitz (1893–1957), Joseph May or Paul Lengemann.
Later that year Max Samuel and Berta Geßner (1878–1937) married, and their children, Herbert Gerson (, transliterated ; 1907–1992) and Käte Gitel (; 1910–1987; later Kate), were born in Güstrow.
In 1916 he therefore rented a plot on Rostock's Friedrichstraße 28 in Rostock's neighbourhood and had his factory moved there, where, at the company's zenith, about 150 people were employed.
On 17 October 1918 Max Samuel attended as groomsman his cousin Gustav Schrubski's (1879–1971) wedding with Toska Gunkel (1884–1967) in Stettin.
At first the Samuels lived in a rented flat on Schröderstraße 20, as of 1919 they rented a flat in the house on Stephanstraße 8a on the corner of Schillerplatz.
Max Samuel and Richard Siegmann became friends, and when in October 1919 Samuel had a dangerous car accident Siegmann replaced him as managing director till his reconvalescence in November 1920.
On 11 April 1921 Samuel acquired from Gustav Adolf Reinbeck, lord of the manor of Röstenberg, as his home a which was erected in 1912 and designed by (1875–1945, suicide) for the professor of physiology (1879–1963).
Max Samuel did not really observe the sabbath rest and did not maintain a kosher diet, but diligently avoided snubbing feelings of those who did, such as his father-in-law Jakob Geßner (1848–1937).
However, he was very and authentically Jewish in appreciating and valuing human life, aiming to support, maintain, rescue, or protect it, he wanted to take away problems from humans so that they could truly live, thus he sanctified life, the highest Jewish value.
In religious matters he wanted to support the troubled Jewish congregation, which – having lost all its savings in the inflation between 1914 and 1924 as so many private people and charities – was brought back into solvency with his financial acumen.
In February 1923 Max Samuel succeeded Siegmund Bernhard (1846–1934) as chair of Rostock's Jewish congregation which was the largest in the contemporary two Mecklenburgs.
He wanted his children to be extensively educated, as he had left school at the age of 14 and did not want his children to experience that.
As his granddaughter Ruth Kaiser Nelson recalled – when he had time for himself, he enjoyed being engrossed in reading newspapers.
In 1930 he was elected a member of Mecklenburg-Schwerin's five-person state executive committee of the German State Party (DStP) which was the DDP's successor.
Occasionally joining them was Herbert Samuel's classmate and Greve's son (1908–1968), who was then member of the German central board of the Young Democrats (DDP's youth wing) and speaker of Rostock's General Students Committee.
He later, as a lawyer and Lower Saxon delegate to the Parliamentary Council co-authored the West German constitution, the Grundgesetz, and was elected into the Bundestag for the SPD, strongly advocating the West German Wiedergutmachung legislation.
As the chair of Mecklenburg-Schwerin's biggest Jewish congregation (counting about 350 souls), directly elected for the first time in 1923 and re-elected for the last time on 17 February 1937, he managed to combine the German members of more liberal western mainstream Jewish observance, among which were many of Mecklenburg's long-established families, with the newcomers from Poland and Russia who were of more traditional Jewish leaning.
Also the Mecklenburg-Schwerin , the 1764-founded Israelitische Landesgemeinde Mecklenburg-Schwerin, ILM (literally: Mecklenburg-Schwerin State[wide] Israelite Community), lost its status as an estate of the realm with semi-governmental authority thus needing constitutional reforms which started in 1924.
As part of the reforms, inspired by those of the , the members were directly, instead of indirectly, represented in the umbrella body by its new 14-person general assembly (), established in 1926.
Inspired by Erichson, Max Samuel helped finance the 1930 reprint of the Esther Scroll which was originally printed in the 1700s and acquired for the Rostock university library through then chief librarian Oluf Gerhard Tychsen (1734–1815).
Another circle of friends consisted of city councillor Fritz Dahse (1876–1931), Richard Siegmann, director of Rostock's trams (1898 to 1919, and again 1920 to 1935) and coalyard accountant Otto Wiechmann, who met at the Samuels' house to listen to sports programmes with Max on his radio.
On 7 March 1926 Max Samuel won eight votes over five in the general assembly in Schwerin to decide the transferral of ILM's chief rabbinate (; from 1910 to 1934 held by Silberstein, 1866-1935) and upper council from Schwerin in Mecklenburg to Rostock.
In 1926 the general assembly elected him a deputy of the upper council, which again elected him its president in 1930, succeeding Silberstein, and once more for a second term until 1938.
He was societally engaged via membership in the association of Rostock's University (, a booster club, from 1927 to 1933) and the fraternity of businesspeople (, from 1918 to 1933).
As head of the Rostock congregation Max Samuel called upon his fellow members to vote for Siegmann (Reich Party of the German Middle Class) in the elections for the Rostock city parliament on 13 November 1927.
Just before the Great Depression, the EMSA-Werke exported items from a catalogue of hundreds of shoes, shoe accessories, and orthopedic devices to stores in, among other countries, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Palestine, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
On 23 June 1930 Max Samuel changed his private business into a stock company, but all the shares remained his private possession.
When in Rome both incapable of Italian, Geßner with his education in classical languages was unable to make himself understood whereas the practical Max Samuel succeeded communicating with shop assistants by gestures and mimics.
Instead of firing staff, Max Samuel maintained the previous levels of employment and production, accumulating stocks and causing shrinking profits in 1931 and a net loss in 1932, the first ever recorded for EMSA, which Max Samuel compensated with reserve capital formed in earlier profitable years.
She was the daughter of the teacher and hazzan Jakob Geßner, who, as a widower, had lived with his daughter and her husband since 1906.
Thus she was still not considered worthy by old-established Mecklenburg Jews of manor-owning background, like the Samuels' neighbour Margarete Siegmann, née Salomon (1881–1943, Theresienstadt), wife of Richard Siegmann.
In 1932 Max Samuel employed as an unskilled office worker Richard's son Hans [John Bernard] Siegmann (1905–1992), who since 1923 had been unproductive and something like a perpetual student.
The Samuels' relations with Lutheran neighbours, such as the Senator Gustav Adolf Fuhrmann (1881–1960) and his family in Schillerplatz 9, who had moved there in the 1920s, were friendly.
Rubensohn (1893–1978), an SPD-member, was also a colleague in the board of directors of Rostock's Jewish congregation and in the Israelite Upper Council.
After the Nazis' seizure of power in 1933, during the first weeks after issuing the Reichstag Fire Decree on 28 February, they intimidated their actual and alleged opponents with temporary arrests.
Max Samuel's neighbour Rubensohn, who was warned by detective constable Meyer a few weeks after the Nazis came to power that he was in imminent danger because he was a social democrat (that is, a member of the SPD), fled with his son Eli Rubensohn and wife Alice, née Guggenheim, to her family in Basel and wrote a letter to Max Samuel on 18 March 1933.
In this letter he explained his flight and made clear his opinion that he had needed to flee due to being a social democrat, not due to being a Jew.
The government-imposed segregation of Jews, even where not provided by new anti-Semitic laws, was often performed with preëmptive obedience, and this excluded Max Samuel from the university booster club and the fraternity of businesspeople.
In April 1933 the Rostock tax office presented its demand for back taxes for the years 1927 and 1932, however, accelerating them for immediate execution and thus indicating how fast the treatment of Jewish taxpayers had changed.
At the same time his son-in-law Hermann Kaiser (1904–1992) was deprived of his attorney's certificate at the Berlin Kammergericht due to new anti-Semitic laws and joined the EMSA-Werke as Max Samuel's proxy agent and member of the company's supervisory board.
As president of the upper council he was concerned with the maintenance and protection of Jewish graveyards in Mecklenburg, where congregations – mostly due to the general rural exodus of Mecklenburgers since the 1870s – had ceased to exist.
The EMSA-Werke's audit report for 1934 reported that Max Samuel had given reichsmarks (ℛℳ) 19,000 in 'loans' which were to be written off, as they were meant to support fleeing Jewish Germans who would likely not be able to repay him.
Like other foreign-currency earning companies, the EMSA-Werke were obliged to provide the Nazi government with the convertible foreign exchange in return for inconvertible paper reichsmarks (ℛℳ).
In early 1934, Herbert, who was a graduate with a doctorate in law but – as a Jew – denied a career as a lawyer, had left Germany and was granted immigration to the United Kingdom on the grounds of investing and creating jobs in a poor area.
Max Samuel advised hundreds of people seeking consultation (sometimes ten per day) and helped them acquire foreign currencies or immigration papers to refuge countries.
Max Samuel reacted by running the EMSA-Werke on deteriorating machinery which he saw no point in replacing in view of the difficulties imposed by the Nazi government, and the factory building was also decaying.
On 30 and 31 August 1935, Max Samuel and ILM's syndic Richard Josephy visited many of Mecklenburg's Jewish congregations, especially all those recently dissolved or on the verge of dissolution, in order to collect all religious objects from defunct synagogues.
Max Samuel concluded from these visits to the congregations that their financial situations, like that of the ILM, were terrible and continuously deteriorating.
The congregations and their umbrella ILM were running out of money because dues had dropped to a third of their pre-1933 level.
So in 1935 the Upper Council had to increase ILM's religious tax, a surplus on the regular state income tax progressing with rising income, by 10 to 20 percent (also progressing).
In 1935 Max Samuel's engagement in the ILM, including its paperwork and correspondence by his staff in the EMSA-Werke, aroused criticism in the upper council from the deputy Max Marcus (1876–1945), a lawyer from Güstrow, reproaching Max Samuel for acting without authorisation and in contradiction to the principle of collegiality in the upper council, thus entering disputes about his leadership.
Marcus ended the disputes after Max Samuel, Richard Siegmann, and Richard Josephy presented their plan for how to continue the ILM's activity under financial and personal stress under the ongoing Nazi discrimination and combined their suggestions with their joint offer to resign if the general assembly would not agree.
Max Samuel further pleaded to the general assembly to vote for the ILM to apply for accession to the Prussian State(wide) Association of Jewish Congregations (), hoping for monetary support from the bigger and financially stronger Prussian umbrella body.
In November 1935, the upper council under Max Samuel fulfilled a request from Rubensohn by sending Torah scrolls from the dissolved Teterow congregation to Pardes Hanna for a new congregation there.
Later [1945 to 1950] Rubensohn (, transliterated ) became mayor of that town and a candidate for the 2nd Knesset running for the Progressives.
Also in November 1935 Käte travelled to Herbert and gave birth to her daughter Ruth in London, meaning she was born a British subject, the first Briton in the Samuel family.
On 7 December 1935 the Rostock tax office sent Käte an order to provide collateral funds amounting to ℛℳ 29,500, presuming that she and her husband's emigration was pending, in order to secure for the tax office the flight tax on capital.
On 12 January 1936 at ILM's general assembly in Güstrow, Max Samuel, as head of the upper council, gave a farewell address to his friend and neighbour Richard Siegmann, who was resigning from membership and presidency of ILM's general assembly after, with effect of 31 December 1935, the Rostock tram company had dismissed him as its chief executive.
On 6 April 1936 the ILM and the Prussian Landesverband agreed that the latter would contribute 20% to the ℛℳ 5,000 retirement grant of the chief rabbi's widow Helene Silberstein, née Weißbrem (1879–1952).
Since by corporate law (Handelsgesetzbuch § 248 in its version of 1936) employees could not simultaneously be in the supervisory board of their employer company, on 30 September 1936 Kaiser left the board and was succeeded by the Rostock lawyer Paul Bernhard (1883–1974).
The other members were Berta Samuel and the chairing Samson Kogel, Amsterdam, EMSA's central distributor abroad and a major creditor of the EMSA-Werke.
This is why these objects and archival matters are mostly preserved while so many Jews were murdered and their institutions destroyed by German anti-Semites and their helpers.
Seven months after her father had deceased, Berta died on 18 August 1937 from breast cancer, from which she had suffered since 1930 and which had been unsuccessfully treated among others in Marienbad.
Herbert returned to Rostock for the last time to attend her funeral in , during which he was under Gestapo surveillance.
On 30 April 1937 Max Samuel sold his villa on Schillerplatz to his EMSA-Werke for ℛℳ 80,000 (double the then usual price for premises of this size in this location), thus effectively tapping money from his company for his free disposal without losing his home.
However, he concealed this sale from the authorities by not registering it with the land registry, probably for good reasons, as the city of Rostock had had a right of preëmption on every piece of land in the area around the train station since the time of its urban development.
Also, Hermann Kaiser occasionally travelled abroad for the EMSA-Werke until at one point the German authorities tried to blackmail him by saying that they would deny the prolongation of his passport unless he would report about activities of other Germans travelling abroad and German exiles.
He said he would think it over and left Germany immediately, staying in various countries as long as visitor's visas would allow him until Herbert obtained a British entry permit for him.
In early summer 1937 Max Samuel travelled to Amsterdam, where he also met his son Herbert who persuaded him not to return to Germany.
Max Samuel then left Germany through Italy embarking in Genoa the Marnix van St. Aldegonde, debarking her in Southampton on 27 November 1937.
Käte concealed her father's and husband's emigration in order to prevent a pending flight tax on capital from becoming due by claiming that he would only visit, and that she and her daughter were still in Rostock.
Käte didn't want to leave Rostock, as she was worried about the future of the many Jewish employees of the EMSA-Werke.
She also helped the Lutheran Otto Heinrich Greve, hiring him on 1 September 1938 for the EMSA-Werke as a clerk after his dismissal as assessor from the public prosecution department (he had rejected to join the Nazi party) on 31 July, however, he had to leave by the end of September 1939, when the 'Arianisers' fired confidants of the actual Jewish owner and the Jewish employees.
On 5 September 1938 Käte took in her uncle Hermann Geßner, the medical doctor, and his wife Julie Stern (1875–1940), who had been given notice to vacate their flat in Nuremberg after Geßner had to shut down his medical practice following the Nazi government's revocation of approbations of Jewish physicians as of 5 August that year.
Also in August 1938 the Nazi government banned Jews from working as manufacturers' representatives, till then a loophole in the anti-Semitic vocational bans much used by Jews barred from other earlier jobs, and within three months the EMSA-Werke effectively lost their distribution networks in Germany and abroad, dramatically reducing sales.
In mid September a Berlin notary informed the Rostock police that Käte's imminent emigration was likely, and simultaneously asked them not to issue a passport for her unless she would pay his bill for a service provided in June.
Thus the police were made aware of this and began processing a file on not issuing her passport before she even applied for it.
According to Herbert, the family members in Wembley telegraphed her, explaining that her father was very ill and that they wanted her to see him.
But Kate worried about the family, Jewish friends, and employees to be left behind, and so Max Samuel sent EMSA's Danish and Norwegian representatives to his daughter to help her understand the gravity of the situation.
A few days later the notary sent a letter explaining that the bill had been paid so he would no longer object issuing her passport.
So soon after when Käte applied for her passport she received it and left with her daughter Ruth, arriving in Britain on 30 September 1938.
On 18 September 1938, after his previous plenipotentiary and son-in-law Hermann Kaiser had left for Britain by May, Max Samuel commissioned his proxy agent Dr. Paul Hoffmann (1896–1969), one of the clerks employed in the EMSA-Werke after they had been fired as Jews in the mid-1930s, to liquidate the EMSA-Werke.
Thus Hoffmann directed the EMSA-Werke and fulfilled the obligations of an executive, however, it remains unclear if he ever took action to liquidate since the anti-Semitic atrocities performed by the Nazi regime on 9 November 1938 (November Pogrom, aka Kristallnacht) accelerated the government-imposed dispossession of Jewish enterprises.
They had to live through the atrocities of Kristallnacht, when Hermann Geßner was arrested like tens of thousands of other Jewish German men in that night and on 11 November at 1 o'clock in the night he was committed with others to the in Neustrelitz.
Rostock's renowned author Walter Kempowski (1929–2007), then attending the conservatory on Schillerplatz, recalled that music records (Herbert was a passionate collector of Jazz records) lay in the front garden and curtains flew in the wind through the broken windows of the villa.
The Geßners returned to Nuremberg, where they found refuge in the Jewish home for the elderly led by his future second wife Selma Stern (1893–1975) from , a locality of today's Suhl.
On 11 February 1939 the Samuels in Britain obtained British residence permits for Hermann and Julie Geßner, but these were restricted to six months only.
According to the purchase contract of 3 May 1939 for the sequestered villa on Schillerplatz 10 it was then still uninhabited and had not yet been cleared of the Samuels' furniture and household items.
Among the Samuel family the three Kaisers were the first to find a new home in Britain, a house near Corporation Park, Blackburn, taking in Ilse Samuel and in the course of 1939 Hermann Kaiser's parents Simon Kaiser (1876–1950) and Fanny Wertheim (1875–1948) from , their other son Hugo, daughter-in-law Dinah and the latters' twin sons, while Herbert first stayed in London preparing the move of the company office.
Max Samuel first lived in a hotel in Blackburn until in 1939 he found a house on 2, Azalea Road to move in with Julie and Hermann Geßner, having arrived in Britain after a two day journey on 30 June 1939, first staying with the Kaisers.
Kate, her husband, and their daughter left in January 1940 for Tulsa, Oklahoma, receiving Affidavits of Support and Sponsorship by the Kaisers' relatives there.
Soon after, the German and Soviet invasion of Poland had been followed by the German occupation of much of western and central Europe and the Soviet occupation of much of eastern Europe.
Hugo Kaiser was interned and only released shortly before emigrating with his wife to Tulsa in May 1940, while Herbert Samuel was spared from internment on the grounds of his task as business manager and Max Samuel due to his bad heart condition.
On 16 May 1940 a fire broke out in the rooms of Lancashire Manufacturers Ltd. on the floor above the EMSA-works in the Paterson Street Mill premises, with Herbert and Max Samuel racing to help, fighting damages by leaking quench water with machinery and stocks of the EMSA-Works, while Hermann Geßner attended his dying wife at the Herbert's and Ilse's, then on Barker Lane.
Denaturalised, like about 250,000 other Jewish Germans, by a German decree issued on 25 November 1941, Max Samuel remained stateless until his death.
Max Samuel had five brothers and one sister, and their surname at birth was Itzig, but the family changed their name to Samuel when he was five years old.
After giving control of the shoe business to Max Samuel in 1906, Isidor 'James' Samuel (1871–1933) kept his 1905-founded rubber factory in Güstrow, which supplied rubber parts for the EMSA-Werke, and operated it until his death from diabetes.
James Samuel was active as the treasurer in Güstrow's Jewish congregation () and worked with his partner Paul Eggert, who took control of the factory after James' death.
In 1938 Max Samuel's sister Frieda (1886–1965) emigrated to Chile with her Dutch husband John Joseph Meibergen (1875–1958) and his sister Karoline (1877–1953), who was James Samuel's widow.
The brother Wilhelm 'William' Samuel (1876–1948), who had lived with his first wife Paula Dreyfus, their three sons, and his widowed mother Rosalie (1849–1934) in Cologne, later escaped with his sons to New York, where he remarried in 1946.
Before his marriage Max Samuel lived with his elder brother James and his wife Karoline Meibergen in their flat right above the shoe shop on Pferdemarkt 57 in Güstrow.
On 14 August 1906 Max Samuel and Berta Geßner (1878–1937) married in Halberstadt, whose Jewish community () formed a centre of Modern Orthodoxy, where at times her father Jakob Geßner (1848–1937) had served as the hazzan.
Jakob Geßner was a Bavarian teacher, long serving in Hammelburg, where Max Samuel, travelling as a salesman, got to know Berta.
Between Christmas 1936 and New Year 1937 they then visited family in Rostock and Berlin, where their families bought them real furniture with paper reichsmarks and exported it to furnish their recently found two-room flat in 139, Empire Court, Wembley.
From their first Blackburn home on Barker Lane they moved in 1943 with the Geßners to their last home on 73, Higher Croft Road in Lower Darwen.
They were naturalised as British subjects only in 1946, thus between 1941 and the end of the war they were stateless.
During the war Herbert and Ilse housed many refugees, three to seven at a time, and gave them funds and employment.
Although they suffered many difficulties, including Security Service (MI5) surveillance (1932 to 1951) due to Ilse's acquaintance to Germans who, once in British refuge, sided with the Soviet Union, Hitler's war ally in subjecting eastern Europe, they were glad to have escaped the Nazis.
Between 1959 and 1963 Ilse studied at Manchester's university Germanistics, philosophy and Russian, receiving a BA in 1962, adding comparative literature without MA in the end, then working as a teacher at Darwen Grammar School (1963 to 1973).
After the emigration of the Samuel family became obvious to the authorities, the tax office issued a flight tax demand amounting to ℛℳ 200,000, based on the ℛℳ 900,000 company value of the EMSA-Werke as estimated by the tax office in 1932.
On 3 January 1939 the Mecklenburg State Administration took the EMSA-Werke under custody, appointing auditor Karl Deutler as custodian commissioned to sell them in order to recover the tax demand.
On 21 January Deutler 'Aryanised' the EMSA-Werke stock company () by selling it to the EMSA-Werke limited partnership () the foundation of which had officially only been concluded on 17 April 1939.
Its new owners were two Rostock investors, department store owner Erich Voß and bank director Harry Helmers, who paid only ℛℳ 146,000 for the EMSA-Werke.
Voß and Helmers appointed Otto Schröder and manager Wilhelm Eder, a foreman of Max Samuel who was to meet Herbert in London in 1939, but never appeared, as executives with procuration.
On 10 July 1939 Voß and Helmers gave Eder a 10% share in the EMSA-Werke, only effective as of 9 January 1940, as confidants of Jewish businessmen were excluded from 'Aryanisations' probably due to suspicion that they would conceal a continued proprietorship of the previous Jewish owner.
Deutler also found an 'Aryaniser' for the villa, and on 3 May 1939 he signed a contract with the newly-founded (institute of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft for research in animal breeding), represented by its administrator Julius Ost, paying ℛℳ 70,000.
The contract would only become effective once the city waived its right of preëmption and once various Nazi authorities would confirm it, such as the authority rationing convertible foreign exchange () and the price control office (), established in 1935, dictating prices in order to repress the surging inflation caused by the Nazis' steady money printing.
The Rostock tax office was to be paid its tax demand against the EMSA-Werke, which since June 1933 partially secured by a mortgage of ℛℳ 50,000 on Max Samuel's private premises on Schillerplatz 10.
However, Deutler did not know that the villa was legally not under his custodianship, since its sale to the EMSA-Werke had not been registered in the land registry, so it still documented Max Samuel personally as the proprietor.
Once aware of this Deutler achieved his official appointment as custodian of the villa with effect of 24 July in order to fulfill the requirements of the purchase contract of 3 May.
After the tax office had confirmed its demand was fulfilled, its mortgage on the villa was cancelled on 22 April 1940 and the land registrar registered the Reich's Ministry for Nutrition and Agriculture, the legal representative of the institute for animal breeding, as proprietor of Schillerplatz 10.
The Soviet-appointed new pro-communist administration expropriated the absent Voß, who had fled Rostock before the Soviet invasion on 1 May 1945, and Helmers, who then followed Voß to the British zone.
In July 1945 the institute for animal breeding was ordered to evacuate the villa and the Rostock local branch of the Cultural Federation for Germany's democratic renewal moved in with the cultural office of the city and tenants in the attic flat.
In 1982, after lengthily searching, the West German August-Wilhelm Bründel, son of Paul Bründel, found Herbert Samuel in Lower Darwen in order to learn about the fate of the Samuels after they had left Rostock.
As a collector of information of historical interest on Rostock, then behind the Iron Curtain, Bründel shared copies of articles about the Samuels authored by Frank Schröder (1958–2014) with his fellow ex-Rostocker Herbert Samuel in December 1986.
Also, Ilse[marie] Sawitz (1912–2006), niece of Willi Sawitz, in Manchester, shared the articles of Schröder, then city archivist of Rostock, with the Samuels.
So Herbert Samuel came into contact with a group of activists in Rostock trying to reconstruct the events of the Nazi period beyond the doctrines of the communists, who unilaterally valorised their comrades as antifascist fighters.
The villa at Schillerplatz in Rostock was reacquired by Herbert Samuel via a restitution request, which was only possible after the end of the communist dictatorship in East Germany in 1989, as this allowed Schröder and his fellow activists to found an association for the research and presentation of Jewish history and culture in Rostock and then formalise their effort in June 1990.
Herbert Samuel and Schröder developed the idea of the Schillerplatz 10 villa becoming a home for this association after February 1991.
Then the Samuels envoyed Greve's eldest daughter Julia Asher-Greve to research on the Samuels' former homes and enterprises in Güstrow and Rostock.
Herbert Samuel decided to donate the villa in an effort towards reconciliation between Jews and others, as he explained to the attending Schröder and Prof. Dieter Neßelmann, Senator of finances of Rostock city between 1990 and 1997.
The daycare moved out and on 2 October 1991 the villa, named since, was dedicated to its new purpose as the Rostock Jewish Heritage Centre, a meeting place, cultural venue and research institute, run by the foundation.
On 7 July 1991 Herbert Samuel was compensated for the loss of the former EMSA-Werke at Friedrichstraße 28 with DM 200,000.
The book collection of Herbert and his wife Ilse, née Steinfeld (1911–1992), including books of his parents from Rostock (and of hers), was donated to the Max-Samuel-Haus after her death through Elsie Peel.
The first Samuel family members visiting the villa since its reopening as Max-Samuel-Haus were Ruth Kaiser Nelson and her niece Emily Kaiser in mid-August 1993.
The 1970 Tennessee State Tigers football team represented Tennessee State University as an independent during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 11th season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, defeated in the 1970 Grantland Rice Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 396 to 144.
In 1937, Eric Jonsson played a small demonstration match with Reuben Fine (as part of the tour of the American chess grandmaster in Sweden) - ½: 1½.
In 1948, with the Swedish national team, he participated in a number of international chess matches with the teams of Denmark and Norway.
The bowling competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held from 3 to 8 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes within Starmall EDSA-Shaw in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila.
The 1971 Tennessee State Tigers football team represented Tennessee State University as an independent during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 12th season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled a 9–1 record, defeated McNeese State in the Grantland Rice Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 403 to 151.
Genesis EP is the second EP by American R&B recording artist Sisqó, released on November 29, 2019 under Dragon Music Group to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the release of his debut solo album, Unleash the Dragon.
The album was confirmed in early November 2019 while Sisqó was touring Australia during the RNB Fridays Live festival that the album would be released on Black Friday.
Sisqó performed Drag/On as part of his set and solo performance while touring with Dru Hill leading up to the release.
The 2019 Tuen Mun District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 31 elected members to the 32-member Tuen Mun District Council.
Amid the massive pro-democracy protests in 2019, Junius Ho who was a key anti-protest figure who was allegedly involved in the Yuen Long attack was challenged by Lo Chun-yu in his constituency in the November election.
A historic landslide victory occurred as the pro-democrats took 28 of the 31 seats in the council with Ho being unseated.
After being unraced as a juvenile she won on her racecourse debut in 2019 and finished fourth in the Irish Oaks before going on to win the Galtres Stakes and the Irish St Leger.
Search For A Song is a chestnut filly with a broad white blaze and white socks on her hind legs bred and owned by the Moyglare Stud.
She was from the fourteenth crop of foals sire by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001.
Search For A Song's dam, Polished Gem won one minor race from five attempts, but has been a very successful broodmare, producing several other winners including Free Eagle, Sapphire (British Champions Fillies and Mares Stakes) and Custom Cut (Sandown Mile).
On 30 May Search For A Song made her racecourse debut in a maiden race over ten furlongs on good to firm ground at Fairyhouse Racecourse in which she was ridden by Chris Hayes and started the 4/6 favourite in a six-runner field.
At Naas Racecourse on 26 June Search For A Song was stepped up in class and went off the 2/1 favourite for the Listed Naas Oaks Trial.
She led for most of the race but was overtaken inside the last quarter mile and finished second, two and three quarter lengths behind the Jessica Harrington-trained Trethias.
On 20 July the filly was moved to the highest level to contest the Group 1 Irish Oaks over one and a half miles at the Curragh.
After racing in mid-division she stayed on well in the closing stages without ever looking likely to win and came home fourth behind Star Catcher, Fleeting and Pink Dogwood.
For her next start Search For A Song was sent to England and started 2/1 favourite for the Listed Galtres Stakes at York Racecourse on 22 August.
Ridden by Oisin Murphy she raced in third place before taking the lead in the straight and stayed on well to win by one and three quarter lengths and a head from Vivionn and Spirit of Appin.
On 15 September Search For A Song was ridden by Hayes took on nine older male opponents in the Irish St Leger at the Curragh and started at odds of 10/1.
After pulling against Hayes' attempts to restrain her the filly took the lead at half way and kept on well in the straight to win by two and a half lengths from Kew Gardens.
When she got to the front the filly settled and we knew she would stay, there's a lot of stamina in her pedigree.
He routinely covered community stories, public interest stories, as well as profiles of individuals that were often overlooked by Providence society in everyday life.
The 1973 Tennessee State Tigers football team represented Tennessee State University as an independent during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season.
In their 13th season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled a 10–0 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 333 to 87.
1 in the final 1973 NCAA College Division football rankings issued by both the Associated Press and the United Press International.
The Downtown Neligh Historic District, in Neligh, Nebraska, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
A map of the district shows it runs from 202 to 502 on the west side of Main Street, and somewhat less far on the east side, and it includes a few buildings on the cross streets.
The 1993 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson University in DeLand, Florida.
won their first tournament championship in their first year in the league and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1993 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The top two finishers from each division by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed from one division playing the second seed from the opposite in the first round.
The 1966 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1966 NCAA College Division football season.
In their fourth season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the MAA championship, shut out five of ten opponents, defeated in the 1966 Grantland Rice Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 410 to 51.
On October 22, the Tigers became the first team to defeat the in Bragg Memorial Stadium and the first team to shut out the Rattlers in 16 years.
Destiny's Child: The Untold Story Presents Girls Tyme is a compilation album of songs by American R&B girl group Destiny's Child, then called Girls Tyme, released on December 2, 2019 through Trinitee Urban Records.
On October 25, 2019, Destiny's Child's former manager Mathew Knowles announced via an Instagram video that he will release an album featuring then-unreleased music from the group's childhood days as Girls Tyme.
Marie-Madeleine Prongué (31 July 1939 – 23 May 2019) was a Swiss politician who was a member of the Council of States in 1995.
Prongué was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland, and became the first woman to lead the party in the canton of Jura in 1982.
She co-chaired a commission representing women in the Catholic Church in Switzerland, until she resigned in protest alongside most other members of the commission in 2006.
In the same area was a church in the Middle Ages, from which keys of iron were found, are preserved and placed in the present church.
The church is built in brick and has 600 seats spread over several rooms that can be joined or separated by sliding doors.
The church has a steep roof and a separate bell tower of bricks and panels, where there are two church bells.
The 1965 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1965 NCAA College Division football season.
In their third season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled a 9–0–1 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 333 to 108.
Key players included quarterback Eldridge Dickey, fullback Bill Tucker, halfback Noland Smith, wide receiver Willie Walker, split end Johnnie Robinson, middle guard/tackle James Carter, defensive lineman Franklin McRae, and defensive backs Alvin Coleman and Leon Moore.
Grønnessegaard is a manor house and estate located just east of Hundested in Halsnæs Municipality, Denmark, some 50 kilometres northwest of Copenhagen.
The manors produced food for the workers at his factory and at the same time played an important role as a labour reserve.
The remains of Grønnessegaard was in 1859 sold to Jørgen and Henrik Jørgen Hellemann who had already leased the estate for some time.
The 2019 Yuen Long District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 39 elected members to the 45-member Yuen Long District Council.
The pro-Beijing and rural domination was turned over in the historic landslide victory where the pro-democrats were took over all the urban constituencies and a few rural constituencies amid the massive pro-democracy protests.
As a results, the pro-democrats took 33 of the 39 elected seats and seized control of the 45-member council for the first time.
The film tells about a senior student Valentin Kuzyaev, who receives an invitation to shoot a television program about youth and a questionnaire in order to prepare for it.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 19 and UHF channel 19 and moving to 35, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
He was a member of the German and Prussian parliament and the Weimar National Assembly representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Cohn was born in Guttentag, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia (Dobrodzień, Poland), the eleventh child of Bernhard Cohn (1827–1903) and Charlotte née Dresdner (1831–1908).
After two semesters he switched his studies to law and continued at the University of Greifswald, in Munich, and again in Berlin.
In 1897 he started to practise as a lawyer in Berlin and joined the law-office of Karl and Theodor Liebknecht in 1899; as a lawyer working in Berlin, Cohn also co-operated with Wolfgang Heine.
In 1909 he became a member of Berlin's city council for the Tiergarten district for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
In World War I Cohn served as a guard in prisoner of war camps in Alsace, Guben, Lithuania, and Courland from April 1915 to June 1917; during this time he had his first significant contact with Eastern European Jewry.
When news about the Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation reached Berlin, Cohn brought up the issue in the Reichstag on 7 May 1917.
Cohn joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) in 1917 and was a member of the USPD delegation at the Stockholm Peace Conference of June 1917.
Along with Hugo Haase, Karl Kautsky, and Luise Zietz, he met Angelica Balabanoff and the Russian delegation on 3 July 1917.
On the night of 5 to 6 November, Adolph Joffe, the Russian ambassador in Berlin, rendered him about 1 million Mark and a 10.5 million Russian ruble mandate for a bank account at Mendelssohn & Co. After the delegation returned to Russia, Joffe claimed to have paid this money to the USPD to support the revolutionary activities and to purchase weapons.
While the leading USPD politicians Hugo Haase and Emil Barth denied the payment, Cohn admitted the receipt and regretted that he was not able yet to spend the complete sum to spread the idea of the revolution.
He explicitly denied receiving the money to acquire weapons; instead he had used most of the cash money to support employees of the embassy and Russian nationals in Germany.
Because he could not use the bank account for formal reasons (the Mendelssohn bank refused the mandate), only 50,000 Mark were used to support a socialist uprising in Germany.
Cohn also justified the receipt because the SPD had provided money to Russian socialists in the 1905 Russian Revolution in a similar way.
He was however criticised, also by socialist newspapers like Die Freiheit and Vorwärts, because his actions stood in contrast to a USPD party resolution, which ruled out the acceptance of foreign money for revolutionary purposes.
These payments led to the demission of Wilhelm Solf as German minister of foreign affairs, who refused further cooperation with the USPD.
Later on they were regularly used to discredit Cohn publicly—for instance the nationalist politician Karl Helfferich refused to answer any question asked by Cohn in a Reichstag investigatory committee.
From 1920 on, he represented Poale Zion in the Jewish community of Berlin, especially advocating the equal status of eastern european Jewish immigrants.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar (AIIMS Bibinagar) is a public medical school and hospital based in Bibinagar, Telangana, India, and one of the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMSs).
While the act does not mention an AIIMS in Telangana, the central government has assured the government of Telangana in 2014 that it will consider such an institute in Telangana as well.
As early as July 2014, the government of Telangana has toyed with the idea of offering the yet-to-be-operational Bibinagar campus of Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) for establishing said AIIMS, a decision which was announced in January 2015.
In September 2016 a contradictory announcement was made, stating that the AIIMS was to be established at Bhongir instead, due to higher availability of land.
In February 2017, in the budget presentation for 2017–2018, the Minister of Finance Arun Jaitley announced two AIIMSs, in Jharkhand and Gujarat, but an institute in Telangana was not mentioned.
A week later, Jaitley rectified this and officially announced at the parliament that an AIIMS will be set in Telangana as well.
In April 2018, the central government has given an in-principle approval for the institute and the state government was asked to identify three of four possible locations for the AIIMS.
The state government offered the Bibinagar campus, and following an inspection visit the location was approved in July, under conditions that an additional 49-acre of land will be acquired and that some infrastructure improvements are made.
The land for the AIIMS was officially handed over to the central government in February 2019 and in May it was announced that classes will start in August, from the Bibinagar campus.
The institute became operational with the first batch of 50 MBBS students, which started in August 2019, one of the six AIIMSs to become operational in 2019.
Quinton Crawford (born September 18, 1990) is an American basketball assistant coach of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
After two years at Middlesex County College, he joined the Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team for two seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13), reaching the Sweet Sixteen.
Crawford has served as assistant video coordinator for the Sacramento Kings, Charlotte Hornets and two seasons with the Orlando Magic, under Frank Vogel.
Before working in the NBA, Crawford spent two seasons (2013-14 and 2014-15) with Pepperdine University men's basketball staff as a graduate manager and video coordinator.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1928 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states.
Between 1896 and 1916, Colorado had been strongly Democratic-leaning due to that party’s adoption of free silver in this silver-mining state; however, in 1920 Warren G. Harding carried every county in the state.
In the following few years the Ku Klux Klan grew extremely rapidly in Colorado and by the time of the next election it was close to taking control of the state government.
The Klan was aided by structural problems in Colorado’s agriculture and fear of Catholicism embedded in Mexican immigration and the traditional Catholicism of the Hispanic south-central counties.
As it turned out, the strong economy ensured that incumbent President Coolidge would have little trouble carrying the state, despite the strong third-party candidacy of Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette, who was opposed to the powerful Klan and struggled in the anti-Catholic High Plains.
In the first story the Russian sailor Nikolay and the former bullfighter Spaniard Jose Maria take a boat, the owner of which plans to flood him in order to get insurance.
In the second short story, friends become sailors on the Jupiter ship and are given the task of delivering an underground newspaper to Odessa...
The 2019 North District Council election was held on 24 November 2015 to elect all 18 elected members to the 20-member North District Council of Hong Kong.
The pro-democrats took control of the council by taking 15 seats in a historic landslide victory amid the massive pro-democracy protests.
Galina Plesner Werschenska (21 December 1906 – 2 December 1994) was a Russian-born Danish pianist who settled in Denmark in 1929.
In addition to performances throughout Denmark, she appeared in Norway, Sweden, Germany and Poland, frequently playing piano concertos under Danish and foreign conductors.
Born on 21 December 1906 in Saint Petersburg, Galina Werschenska was the daughter of the Polish physician Joseph Werschenski (died 1934) and his Russian wife.
When she was 12, on her own initiative she studied piano under Nadezhda Golubovskaya (1891–1975), first at Alexander Siloti's school, later at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory where she graduated with distinction in 1924.
Despite giving birth to her first child, thanks to her husband's support Werschenska managed to perform her first concert within a year.
She became acquainted with two of the country's leading pianists, Agnes Adler and Johanne Stockmarr, who treated her as an equal.
In the 1930s, she concentrated above all on chamber music, playing in various trios together with the cellist Louis Jensen and in a quintet with four strings from the Royal Orchestra.
While a work of fiction, it is based on the author's experience over two summers volunteering in Athens at a refugee center.
The company was upgraded to a limited liability company in 1988 under the name Namatame Seisakusho, later to Namatame Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
In 2002, control of the company was turned over to Namatame's son Masahiro and the company name shortened to the current NTS Co., Ltd.
NTS works in high-precision manufacturing of metal components for prototyping and low-volume production in the aerospace, medical, motorsport, and marine industries.
Beginning in 2014, NTS had a few sporadic wildcard entries in various rounds in the FIM Moto2 World Championship, primarily at the Japanese Grand Prix.
In 2016, NTS received approval from the FIM for their Manufacturer's License and entered full season entries in the Spanish CEV Moto2 European Championship.
The manufacturer achieved near immediate success in 2016, with their sole rider Alan Techer finishing 3rd in the championship with an identical results record to 2nd place finisher Tetsuta Nagashima, but losing out on countback through pole positions won.
After two years of relative success, NTS decided to abandon their CEV Moto2 programme in favour of a full-season effort in the Moto2 World Championship starting in 2018, partnering with Dutch racing team RW Racing GP.
The increased competition of the world championship proved more difficult, with the team only achieving 4 points finishes during the season, ultimately finishing 16th out of 18 entries and with NTS in last place of the manufacturer's standings.
The 2019 season also proved difficult, with the team only managing to better their record to 7 points finishes on the season, 15th out of 18 teams and again last place in the manufacturer's standings.
The Lengkong incident was an incident that occurred on 25 January 1946, where cadets from the newly formed Indonesian Military Academy and Japanese soldiers unexpectedly engaged in combat.
In the afternoon of 25 January 1946, a group of newly enrolled Indonesian Military Academy cadets in Tangerang led by Major Daan Mogot went to a Japanese base in Lengkong, in what is today South Tangerang, in order to discuss disarmament of the Japanese troops and acquire their weapons.
The negotiations, which began with the transfer of some Gurkha prisoners of war, initially went well and the cadets began collecting the weapons, when a shot was fired – the culprit was unknown, with an account describing one of the Gurkhas having accidentally fired the weapon and another describing one of the cadets' weapons firing on accident.
The dead cadets and officers were buried in a nearby forest, though they were later reburied on a plot of land near Tangerang's regimental headquarters, and the burial site is today known as the Cadet Heroes' Cemetery ().
A monument was erected at the site of the incident in 1993, and in 2005 Army Chief of Staff Ryamizard Ryacudu set 25 January, the date of the incident, as a commemoration day for the Military Academy.
Vladyslav Bondar (; born 24 March 2000) is a professional Ukrainian football midfielder who plays for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League.
He made his début for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League as a substituted player in the drowing match against defending champion FC Shakhtar Donetsk on 1 December 2019.
Boham was elected as a member of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Niausa Kanubari in 1978 as a Janata Party candidate.
He was elected as a legislator of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Kanubari in 1990 and 1995 as an Indian National Congress candidate.
Nelson D. Haggerty (born 1973) is an American basketball coach and former college player, currently serving as assistant coach for the North Texas Mean Green.
He played college basketball for the Baylor Bears, staying 4 years; in 1994–95 he led the NCAA Division I in assists, averaging 10.1 per game.
In 1991 he signed to play for Baylor, and in his freshman season he started 15 of 22 games, playing 23.3 minutes per game and averaging 2.8 points, 2 rebounds and 3 assists: he ranked second on his team in assists per game behind David Wesley.
After Wesley's graduation, Haggerty became the starting point guard for the Bears, and in his sophomore year he started 25 of 26 games, and improved his averages to 6.3 points, 3.2 rebounds and a team and Southwest Conference-leading 7.3 assists per game.
On February 27, 1993 in a game against Oral Roberts, Haggerty recorded 19 assists, a career high and the Baylor all-time record for most assists in a single game.
Haggerty's junior season saw him playing 22 games (19 starts) averaging 6.1 points, 2.1 rebounds and 7.3 assists per game, which ranked him second in the SWC behind David Edwards of Texas A&M.
On December 20, 1993 he posted 18 assists against Southwestern Louisiana, the second best mark in his career; this performance was tied for most assists in a single game in the 1993–94 NCAA Division I season.
In Haggerty's senior season he played a career-high 36.2 minutes per game, starting all of his 28 games, and recorded career highs in points per game (7.3), rebounds per game (3.9) and steals per game (1.2).
His 10.1 assists per game (284 in 28 games) led the nation in the 1994–95 season, and were a Baylor all-time record for most assists in a season.
Throughout the season he had several games with 13 or more assists, including 14 against Southwestern Louisiana on December 22, 1994, 16 against UMKC on February 1st, 1995, and 18 against TCU on February 14.
After finishing his 4-year career at Baylor, Haggerty took up the assistant coach position at Hutchinson Community College in Hutchinson, Kansas, where he stayed two seasons from 1997 to 1999 under Tim Jankovich, obtaining a 50–14 record.
He then served two years as an assistant coach at North Shore Senior High School in his hometown of Houston before moving to Pittsburg, Kansas where he was hired as a graduate assistant for the Pittsburg State Gorillas, joining head coach Gene Iba.
After two years in the position, Haggerty was named head coach after McCasland took up an assistant coach job at Baylor.
In his first season as a head coach, Haggerty had a 29–4 record (15–3 in conference play), won the conference tournament, and advanced to the NCAA Division II national quarterfinals.
The following season he had a 22–9 record, reaching the conference tournament finals and advancing to the South Central regional semifinals.
In 2015–16 Haggerty again won the Lone Star Conference tournament after a 24–6 overall record (10–4 in conference play), and was named the Lone Star Conference Coach of the Year for the second time in his career.
In 2019 Haggerty left the head coach position at Midwestern State after eight seasons, and joined Grant McCasland's staff at North Texas as an assistant.
The 1994 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Claude Smith Field on the campus of Mercer University in Macon, Georgia.
The top two finishers from each division by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed from one division playing the second seed from the opposite in the first round.
Florida Atlantic was not eligible and did not play games that counted in the conference standings as it was their first year in the league.
In 2010 and 2011 she made her first exhibition of support for refugees under the umbrella of UNHCR, to support children with cancer under the auspices of the Syrian NGO Basma.
This lasted until September 2015 when she traveled to London for a master's degree in arts and cultural management at King's College University.
In February 2017 she returned to Beirut and returned to CMI, and is additionally part of the Asfari Institute for Civil Society and Citizenship.
Pencak silat competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held at Subic Bay Exhibition and Convention Center from 2 to 5 December 2019.
The 2019 Tai Po District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 19 elected members to the 21-member Tai Po District Council.
The pro-democrats achieved a historic landslide victory by sweeping all the elected seats in the council amid the massive pro-democracy protests.
The pro-Beijing camp was completely wiped out except for the two ex officio members who were also the rural committee chairmen.
Lists of Indian actors cover male and female actors from India, who portray characters in the theater, film, radio, or television.
Kyrylo Romaniuk (; born 21 March 2001) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who plays for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League.
He made his début for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League as a substituted player in the additional time of the drowing match against defending champion FC Shakhtar Donetsk on 1 December 2019.
In the story, Scott's efforts to court a new classmate hinge upon his ability to acquire access to streaming media, which his father, a lazy cable company technician, detests.
Fourth grader Scott Malkinson asks his father Clark, a technician for Park County Cable, if they can subscribe to the streaming service Disney+.
Clark rebukes him for again making this request, telling him that the cable television they have is sufficient, and that he is tired of the growing popularity of streaming media.
As Clark storms off to work, Scott, who has type 1 diabetes, realizes that the stress of his father's rant has caused his blood sugar to rise, and self-administers a shot of insulin.
At South Park Elementary, the fourth grade class learns that the newest student, a girl named Sophie Gray, also has diabetes.
As Scott's friends are always ridiculing him for having diabetes, Scott believes she is perfect for him, and declares that he is in love with her.
When the other boys also express an interest in her, Scott angrily resolves that he will not allow them to ruin this opportunity for him.
Despite the fact that business has been suffering in part because of customer complaints of slow service, Clark spends his day leisurely eating his lunch at the park, and going bowling.
When he arrives at the residence of Stephen and Linda Stotch 15 minutes after the end of a five-hour estimated service window, an irritated Stephen Stotch complains and threatens to quit cable in favor of streaming.
When Scott again asks his father for a Disney+ subscription for his date with Sophie, Clark again refuses, and contacts his coworkers to conspire to sabotage the streaming services in South Park, though he arranges to meet with them at some point during a four-hour window.
He also points out that the streaming services use the cable that they laid throughout the town, and says they should disrupt that infrastructure in order to show the townsfolk how much they still need them.
When Clark's coworkers agree, he delegates assignments to each of them, but says they should meet at a designated point sometime during a three-hour window.
This angers Clark, who repeatedly tells them that they should not make a practice of keeping appointments at the very end of windows several hours long, but Clark nonetheless continues this habit himself.
Scott buys a black market Disney+ login for his date with Sophie, but as Clark and his colleagues vandalize the cable lines running throughout town, Scott's account stops working.
Sophie suggests going to Jimmy Valmer's house, where their other classmates are gathered to watch the show, though Scott fears this may threaten his attempts to woo Sophie.
Sophie, however, informs Scott that having diabetes does not make her his girlfriend, as she is more than just that condition.
He has been a staff member of the World Bank for 20 years, during which he lived in four continents: First in North America working at the World Bank's headquarters in Washington DC, then in Asia as a Senior Economist in the Indonesia office, followed by Africa, where he served as the World Bank's Lead Economist in the Nairobi office.
At the end of 2013, Fengler moved to Europe as part of the senior team of the World Bank's new hub in Vienna where he has been Lead Economist for Europe and Central Asia.
He also spoke at TEDx Vienna and launched population.io (endorsed by Bill Gates) as well as worldpoverty.io, two real-time big data models.
Prior to joining the World Bank, he set up Africa Consulting, LLC, and was a Fellow at the Research Institute for International Relations.
Fengler gained a PhD from the University of Hamburg (Germany) and has attended a number of executive programs in the US, including Harvard University.
Sri Lanka topped the medal count, winning a total of 15 gold medals, marking the first time since the 1993 games where the country has topped the athletics medal table.
He joined the navy via the Royal Australian Naval College at HMAS Creswell in 1984, and spent his early career with the Clearance Diving Branch before training as a Principal Warfare Officer.
He captained on operations in the Persian Gulf from 2006 to 2007 during the Iraq War and commanded Combined Task Force 150, overseeing maritime counter-terrorism operations around the Arabian Peninsula and Horn of Africa, from 2011 to 2012.
He served as Head of Navy Capability from 2015 to 2017, and was appointed Commander Australian Fleet on 19 January 2018.
Jonathan Dallas Mead was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 3 November 1964 to Dallas Charles Cardiff Mead and Joan Mary Reidy.
His father had served in the Royal Australian Air Force during the Second World War, rising to the rank of flight sergeant, while a grandfather had fought on the Western Front with the Australian Imperial Force in the First World War.
Mead was commissioned a midshipman and entered the Royal Australian Naval College at HMAS Creswell for junior officer training on 16 January 1984.
He graduated from the college as a sub-lieutenant and with a Diploma of Applied Science in 1986 and undertook further training in bridge watchkeeping and clearance diving, specialising in Mine Warfare and Explosive Ordnance Disposal.
He also read for a Master of Arts in International Relations at Deakin University and, later, a Master of Management at the University of Canberra.
A series of seagoing appointments followed, including as Anti-Submarine Warfare Officer aboard and in , and as Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Officer.
The frigate deployed to the Persian Gulf as part of Operation Catalyst, Australia's contribution to the Iraq War, in October 2005.
In 2007, Mead completed a course of study at India's National Defence College in New Delhi and, now a captain, was appointed Australia's Defence Advisor to India, Sri Lanka and South Africa.
Following promotion to commodore in July 2011, he deployed to the Middle East from October as commander Combined Task Force 150.
Based in Bahrain, Mead's multinational naval task force was responsible for maritime counter-terrorism operations around the Arabian Peninsula and Horn of Africa.
In this role he was responsible for the development of present and future capability within the Royal Australian Navy, which included overseeing the lifecycle of projects and programs from initial concept through to disposal.
Based on a short story by Prafulla Roy, Raahgir is a tale of 3 strangers who meet on their way and develop a bond which is based purely on their kindness and their willingness to sacrifice own basic needs to save human lives.</ref> The film highlights importance of human relations and how humanity can survive even in difficult situations.
Nathuni (Tillottama Shome) has a paralytic husband and two children, while Lakhua (Adil Hussain) is a loner, perpetually on the fringes of survival.
While they speak, the monsoon clouds overpower the sky, and they encounter Chopatlal (Neeraj Kabi), who is carrying a dying old couple to the hospital.
They endanger their own survival, but a sense of purpose propels them to use the last iota of their strength to push the vehicle through mud, impassable in torrential rain.
The indomitable spirit that enthuse the marginalized in this story describe another India, hidden deep in the recesses of the sub-continent.
As for the record itself he called the record to be his pardon after what he's been through in terms of his addiction and of his friends that he lost during that time of struggles such as the late Linkin Park vocalist Chester Bennington.
The kurash competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held at the LausGroup Event Centre in San Fernando, Pampanga between 1 and 2 December 2019.
Grant Lucas Riller (born February 8, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the College of Charleston Cougars of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA).
As a senior on December 28, 2014, Riller scored a school-record 53 points in a win over Leesburg High School in the finals of the Ocoee Great 8 tournament.
On October 4, 2014, he committed to play college basketball for the College of Charleston over offers from Cleveland State, FIU, and Hofstra.
Riller scored 20 points and added four steals in a 83-76 overtime victory over Northeastern in the Colonial Athletic Association Tournament.
On December 14, 2019, Riller became the third Cougar in program history to reach the 2,000 career point mark, scoring 21 in a road loss to Richmond.
On January 16, 2020, he recorded the first-ever triple-double by a College of Charleston player, with 20 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists in a loss to Northeastern.
The 2019 Sai Kung District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 29 elected members to the 31-member Sai Kung District Council.
The pro-democrats scored a landslide victory by taking 26 of the 29 seats in the council, with Neo Democrats becoming the largest party.
The pro-Beijing camp was almost completely wiped out from the council, except for the two ex-officio rural committee chairmen and the moderate councillors led by Christine Fong.
The 2019-20 Clarkson Golden Knights Men's ice hockey season was the 97th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Golden Knights represented the Clarkson University and played their home games at Cheel Arena, and were coached by Casey Jones, in his 9th season.
The Moroccan Ministry of Culture organizes the fair in conjunction with the Moroccan Agency for Development, Investment, and Export, and the Office of Fairs and Expositions.
It attracts a number of cultural organizations and actors, including foreign missions, religious organizations, authors, artists, and publishers, in addition to visitors of all ages and backgrounds.
Each year, approximately 700 publishing houses from 44 different countries, specializing in various fields of knowledge, participate in the book fair, in addition to cultural organizations, research centers, universities, and non-profit organizations.
The award is named after former Russian (Soviet Union) footballer Lev Yashin and the winner is selected by former Ballon d'Or winners.
Helene Herzbrun (1921–1984) was an American artist who lived and worked within the art community in Washington, D.C. A student and friend of Jack Tworkov, she was a second-generation abstract expressionist who developed a personal style that set her apart from the Color School movement of her time.
After graduating from Hirsch High School in Chicago, she briefly attended Beloit College and subsequently the University of Chicago where she studied art and from which she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English.
In the early 1950s, now living in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, she studied at American University under Jack Tworkov, Robert Gates, and Joe Summerford, all of whom became colleagues and friends during her subsequent career.
Gates and Summerford were year-round instructors at the school while Tworkov taught there during the summer months between 1948 and 1951.
In 1952, during the last year of her studies at American University, Herzbrun participated in a group a group exhibition at the Whyte Gallery in Washington.
In 1954 she showed a small group of paintings in a suburban movie theater, an exhibition that was notable only in the review it drew from a local critic who called Herzbrun an outstanding artist.
She and a fellow student at American University originally came up with the idea for what became the first gallery in Washington to be collectively owned and run by local artists.
Between 1953 and 1958 Herzbrun managed American University's Watkins Gallery Thereafter she joined the art faculty at the university, beginning a career that lasted until her death in 1984.
The following year her paintings appeared in a three-person exhibition at the Corcoran Gallery in which almost all her paintings were either sold or reserved by collectors.
A year later the Poindexter Gallery gave her a solo show that resulted in the sale of a big painting to Lila Wallace for the Reader's Digest art collection.
In 1969, roughly at the midpoint of her career, Herzbrun expressed her dislike for the commercial requirements of a career in art.
The following year one of Herzbrun's paintings was included in a Baltimore Museum of Art exhibition that was intended to give a comprehensive overview of the Washington scene over the previous two decades.
Although she made collages for a time, the disease did not leave her and eventually brought about her death in 1984.
When a painting of hers was selected for the 23rd Biennial held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1953 critics commented on the circumstances—as noted above, she was the only local artist selected—but not on her style.
Regarding a three-person show at the Corcoran in 1959 this critic commented on Herzbrun's ability to establish the illusion of depth without employing graphical perspective.
During the following decade Herzbrun turned from painting on canvas to a printing technique called monotyping in which each sheet pulled was unique.
Beginning in 1981, after cancer and subsequent surgery prevented her from painting or making monotypes, she created collages for a time.
In 1958, after completing her studies and ending her service as head of the Watkins Gallery, Herzbrun joined faculty of American University as an art instructor.
After her death her husband, Philip, established the Helene M. Herzbrun Art Scholarship to provide financial support to art students selected by the art faculty.
Her father was Edward Eichenbaum (1894–1982), an architect known for designing 1920s movie palaces and for his skill at dramatic readings.
Her mother was Lillian Smith Eichenbaum (born about 1891, died 1969), a housewife and officer of the South Shore Women's Club.
In 1941 Herzbrun, then known as Helene Eichenbaum, was an artist and member of the Ida Noyes Council at the University of Chicago, an organization that staged the university's annual student art show.
Herzbrun wrote her friend Tworkov that when she provoked the divorce, McKinsey was nice about it and there were few recriminations.
The ceremony, which took place in Moorefield, West Virginia, drew attention as the first civil ceremony ever performed in that state.
As noted above, Herzbrun was afflicted with cancer in 1981, underwent surgery, and, on March 14, 1984, succumbed to the disease.
If she had a middle name, it was either Ruth, as shown on the transcribed birth certificate, or Marie, as given in a legal notice from her estate in 1983 and on the West Virginia wedding registry.
Parkers Creek then flows southeast and south to meet New Hope River in the B. Everett Jordan Lake Reservoir in Chatham County.
Parkers Creek drains of area, receives about 47.2 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 516.42, and has an average water temperature of 15.21°C.
It is a quasi-diplomatic post in that it maintains contacts with government officials; the Holy See and Brunei Darussalam have no formal relationship.
The Holy See created its Delegation to Brunei in 1998 by dividing its Delegation to Malaysia and Brunei, which it had formed in 1993.
The position of Apostolic Delegate to Brunei Darussalam is held by the prelate who serves as Apostolic Nuncio to Malaysia, who resides in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Rock N Roll Rebel: The Early Work is a box set collection by Little Steven Van Zandt released on December 6, 2016.
The box set also features 51 bonus tracks, including demos, studio outtakes, b-sides, remixes, and live tracks, many of which are previously unreleased.
The initial release of the set contains seven vinyl LPs of the studio albums along with four CDs containing the 51 bonus tracks.
It was broadcast on Africa Magic from 10 April 2016 to 31 July 2016 and was sponsored by Airtel and Coca-Cola.The winner earned a recording contract with Universal Music Group, an SUV car worth N7 million and a trip to Abu Dhabi.
The cycling competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held in Tagaytay from 1 to 10 December 2019.
During the franchise period, the operator will oversee a full fleet replacement, with a batch of 77 brand new diesel multiple units built in CAF’s factory in Newport set to join the fleet between 2021 and 2023.
When built, Transport for Wales' Class 197 fleet will replace and units which operate regional routes between Wales and England, as well as services on the Cambrian and Conwy Valley lines.
Totila is an opera by Giovanni Legrenzi, written in 1677 to a libretto by Matteo Noris and first performed at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice.
The action is set in the Gothic Wars and is based on the conflict between king Totila of the Ostrogoths and the Byzantine general Belisarius.
In reality Totila sacked Rome twice, in 546 and again in 550 but the libretto is not specific about whether the action is meant to take place in either of these two events or in an amalgam of them.
In the first act, set in Rome under siege, Clelia, wife of the consul Publicola, plans to resist Vitige and shows that she is willing to kill her in order not to fall into the hands of the Goths, she is willing to kill her sleeping child to prevent him falling into the hands of the invaders.
Marzia throws herself from a window and falls into the arms of Totila, who falls in love with her and has her father senator Servius arrested.
A comic interlude follows in which the servant Desbo mistakenly informs Publicola that Clelia is dead; he then loses his mind and rails against poor Desbo, who tries to defend herself.
Clelia, meanwhile, has decided to offer herself to Vitige in return for her freedom, but he is moved to spare her.
The first act ends with spectacular stage effects as a trumpet sounds, a giant elephant opens, and Belisario, Lepido and Cinna come out.
When she rejects his advances her had her bound to the mast.The woman makes fun of Totila but, when he tries to kiss her, she rejects him.
Clelia, disguised as a soldier, challenges Vitige to a duel but he recognizes her and declares his love; again she rejects him.
Publicola and Desbo appear in another comic interlude: in his delusion Publicola mistakes Desbo for Narciso and tries to seduce him.
Clelia and Publicola reunite, while Belisario and Lepido declare themselves willing to renounce their love for Marzia, if Totila will become a vassal of Giustiniano.
Legrenzi’s writing for the opera has several noteworthy points, including the expression of jealousy through the juxtaposition of a constant bass overlapping with a slower-moving vocal line, and the use of trumpet arias as well as vocal imitations of them to reflect the military setting of the action.
Clelia’s conduct is unwaveringly moral; in contrast Marzia makes fun of Totila and mocks her own destiny, but eventually surrenders to both.
The film tells about the young physicist Belov, who works in the field of atomic tests at a secret research institute.
He successfully submits his project, but suddenly two soldiers die at the training ground, and Belov is forced to go to the training ground to understand the reason for their death...
The Beacon Academy was founded in 2009 by architect Leandro Locsin Jr., son of the late National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture Leandro Locsin, and his wife Mailin Paterno-Locsin.
The school was established to serve as the high school extension of its sister school, the Beacon School, located along Chino Roces Avenue in Taguig.
According to Leandro Locsin Jr., the Beacon Academy aimed to continue the Beacon School's success of providing an internationally-recognized curriculum that would provide Filipino parents an option for their children to maximize their potential as national and global citizens.
Locsin added that its establishment was also a response to the rise of international schools in the country aiming to do the same.
Then Education Secretary Armin Luistro and then Biñan Mayor Marlyn Alonte-Naguiat were among the guests of honor during the school's opening rites.
Heavily surrounded by greenery, it is situated on land donated by the Locsin family, the same land where the De La Salle University Science and Technology Complex is situated on.
It is also near the Ayala Westgrove Heights subdivision in Silang, Cavite and the Nuvali mixed-use residential development in Calamba, Laguna.
The Beacon Academy has two two-storey buildings; the main building containing 11 state-of-the-art classrooms, including four laboratories, and the secondary building containing seven classrooms, including a music room and a visual arts studio, as well as an auditorium and a gallery.
The Beacon Academy's facilities also include an eight-lane Olympic-size swimming pool, a basketball court, a football pitch, a fitness room, and a climbing wall.
An average class size is between 12 to 15 but not more than 20, as the school emphasizes its desire to cater more effectively to its students in an environment of personalized learning.
Its faculty are secondary school teachers who have prior experience teaching in other secondary schools in the Philippines or abroad, some of whom also have experience teaching in colleges or universities.
The Beacon Academy's curriculum utilizes discussion-based learning as a form of independent study in order to foster critical thinking and collaborative skills amongst its students.
Its partnership with the Beacon School is the only educational institution in the Philippines accredited by the IB to offer their three main educational programs (IB Primary Years Programme, IB Middle Years Programme, and IB Diploma Programme).
The Beacon School offers the IB Primary Years Programme and the first three years of the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP), while the Beacon Academy offers the last two years of MYP and the IB Diploma Programme (DP).
The school also participates in local and regional Model United Nations conferences and actively competes in the World Scholar's Cup internationally.
The gymnastics competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Rizal Memorial Coliseum from 1 to 9 December 2019.
Robin Paul Corley is an American behavior geneticist and senior research associate at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics at the University of Colorado Boulder.
The Arco 33 is an American sailboat that was designed by Wirth Munroe as a cruiser and first built in 1958.
The Arco 33 molds were later sold to Columbia Yachts and the design was developed into the Columbia 33 Caribbean in 1963.
Features include a spooned raked stem, a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder and a fixed stub keel with a retractable centerboard.
He is the founder team member of Kashish Mumbai Queer Film Festival and has been the Director of Programming since its inception in 2010.
Saagar Gupta has worked with the Children's Film Society as Junior Festival Officer for two editions of the Golden Elephant International Children Film Festival of India.
During the franchise period, the operator will oversee a full fleet replacement, with a batch of eleven brand new diesel-electric multiple units set to join the fleet in 2022.
However, in a telephone interview with LIB Life, he clarified his post was intended to find out whether Liberians still had interest in his career.
He accused his manager Alice Yawo of downgrading the video's quality after she thanked a fan, who belittled the video, for their comments.
DenG was nominated for Listener's Choice at the 2016 MTV Africa Music Awards, becoming the first Liberian artist to receive a MAMA nomination.
In late 2016, he performed alongside Christoph the Change, Kcee and Tekno at Beach Jam, a concert sponsored by Lonestar Cell.
In August 2018, he performed at the One Africa Music Fest, becoming the first Liberian act to perform at the festival.
Held at the Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island, the festival featured additional performances from Wizkid, Flavour N'abania, Tekno, Sarkodie, Cassper Nyovest and Diamond Platnumz.
DenG was one of the Liberian acts who performed at a concert headlined by Nigerian singer Davido; the concert was held at the Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex in November 2018.
The Danish Missionary Society was a Christian missionary society based in Copenhagen and affiliated to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark.
It was founded on 17 June 1821 by the Reverend Bone Falck Rønne (1764–1833), who chaired the mission board until his demise in 1833.
In 1828, it formed an alliance with the Basel Mission Society of Switzerland to recruit and train missionaries to be sent to the Gold Coast.
The 2019-20 St. Lawrence Saints Men's ice hockey season was the 80th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Saints represented the St. Lawrence University and played their home games at both the Roos House and Appleton Arena and were coached by Brent Brekke, in his 1st season.
White Oak Creek rises in a pond on the Beaver Creek and Crabtree Creek divide on the west side of Apex, North Carolina.
White Oak Creek then flows westerly to meet New Hope River in the B. Everett Jordan Lake Reservoir in Chatham County.
White Oak Creek drains of area, receives about 46.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 461.07, and has an average water temperature of 15.30°C.
Following the album's poor commercial performance in the US, a 23-date North American tour in large arenas was booked to start in November 1997 but it was cancelled due to insufficient ticket sales.
The core trio were joined by Nir Zidkyhu on drums, percussion, and backing vocals and Irish musician Anthony Drennan on guitar and bass.
Rehearsals took place at Bray Film Studios in Windsor and the Working Men's Club in Chiddingfold, England close the band's recording studio.
At the tour's conclusion, Genesis went on hiatus, It would be the band's final full-length tour until Collins returned for the , though there was rumors of a summer 1998 North America tour with Prog Rock band Yes(Band) this never materialized.
He started working as a cameraman around 1914, picking up dozens of credits over the ensuing decades on films by directors like Lois Weber and Sam Newfield.
Woman of 9.9 Billion () is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Cho Yeo-jeong, Kim Kang-woo, Jung Woong-in, Oh Na-ra and Lee Ji-hoon.
The 2019 Sha Tin District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 41 elected members to the 42-member Sha Tin District Council.
In the historic landslide victory in 2019, the pro-democrats took control of the council by sweeping 40 of the 41 elected seats.
Only new constituency Di Yee was won by pro-Beijing DAB as two pro-democrat candidates split the votes which gave the DAB the victory.
Tri-mode in this instance is an electric motor which can be driven by overhead electric, on-board batteries or a diesel generator.
During the franchise period, the operator will oversee a full fleet replacement, with a batch of 24 brand new tri-mode multiple units set to join the fleet in 2023.
The Parkham Yaksha is a colossal statue of a Yaksha, discovered in the area of Parkham, in the vicinity of Mathura, 22.5 kilometers south of the city.
It has also been dated more precisely by Heinrich Lüders, who gives it a mid-2nd century date, and Sonya Rhie Quintanilla who dates it to circa 150 BCE.
The analysis of the statue has suggested that the Parkham Yaksha probably held his left arm akimbo, while holding a bag filled with square coins, as seen in the .
The Parkham Yaksha is one of four known occurrences of the Yaksha Manibhadra in inscriptions: one in Parkham near Mathura, one in Pawaya near Gwalior, one in Masharfa and one in Bhītā near Kausambi.
The 2020 MotoE season will be the second season of the MotoE World Cup (known officially as the FIM Enel MotoE World Cup for sponsorship reasons) for electric motorcycle racing, and will be part of the 72nd F.I.M.
The Supreme Court held that someone who disseminates false statements to potential investors with the intent to defraud those investors can be held liable under subsection b of Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, even if they personally were not the ones who drafted the false statements.
Francis V. Lorenzo was the former director of investment banking at Charles Vista LLC, a broker-dealer in Staten Island, New York.
Lorenzo's only client at the time was a company called Waste2Energy Holdings Inc., a firm which claimed to be developing technology to transform solid waste into clean energy.
In early 2009, Lorenzo was tasked with attempting to sell $15 million worth of convertible debentures (debt securities) issued by Waste2Energy.
By October 2009, however, Waste2Energy had disclosed to the public and to Lorenzo that its intellectual property was worthless and that it had written off all of its intangible assets.
Despite this, Lorenzo continued attempting to sell the debentures on the market, sending emails to prospective investors which stated that the company had $10 million in 'confirmed assets', which would protect investors against losses.
According to Lorenzo, his boss at Charles Vista LLC had supplied the content of the emails and approved their dissemination to investors.
When Waste2Energy Holdings eventually collapsed and filed for bankruptcy in 2013, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed an administrative case against Charles Vista, Lorenzo, and his former boss for violating section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 10(b), and Rule 10b-5.
Charles Vista was also charged with violating the Exchange Act's Section 15(c) and rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Lorenzo's boss and Charles Vista agreed to settle the case, but Lorenzo himself went to trial before an administrative law judge at the SEC.
In the hearing, Lorenzo insisted that he simply cut-and-pasted language given to him by his boss and that, under existing Supreme Court precedent, he should not be held liable for merely passing on someone else's false statements.
The SEC administrative law judge who heard the case accepted Lorenzo's claim that he had sent the fraudulent emails without really reading them or thinking about the contents.
However, the administrative law judge still found that Lorenzo had willfully violated securities laws by making fraudulent misstatements and by participating in a scheme to defraud potential investors.
The full SEC affirmed the ALJ's decision but formally rejected his claim that he had sent the emails without reading them.
As allowed by the Securities Exchange Act, Lorenzo was permitted to appeal the Commission's ruling before either the DC Circuit Court of Appeals or the Circuit Court of Appeals in which he principally did business.
Lorenzo's appeal was first heard by a three-judge panel United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, which comprised circuit judges Sri Srinivasan, Brett Kavanaugh, and Thomas Griffith.
Lorenzo's argument before the DC Circuit was that he could not be held liable for passing on false statements made by another person.
They affirmed Lorenzo's contention that his boss was the true 'maker' of the false statements since he was the one who asked Lorenzo to send the emails and was the one who supplied the content.
Because the court ruled against the SEC on the Rule 10b-5 subsection b ruling, it vacated the penalties levied against Lorenzo by the SEC and sent the case back to the Commission to reconsider Lorenzo's punishment in light of the ruling.
He stated the conduct described in Lorenzo's case may have been considered 'aiding and abetting' but that Lorenzo should not be considered a primary violator for passing along misstatements from his boss.
had limited the ability of private plaintiffs to file suit against secondary actors (accused aiders and abettors) in a fraud case.
Because he was on the DC Circuit panel which heard the original case, Justice Brett Kavanaugh recused himself from participating in this case.
Writing for a 6-2 majority, Justice Stephen Breyer found that the language in subsections a and c of Rule 10b-5 were sufficiently broad to encompass Lorenzo's dissemination of false information with the intent to defraud.
This decision is noteworthy because it expanded the scope of primary liability for securities fraud, which is controversial in the securities industry.
During the franchise period, the operator will oversee a full fleet replacement, with a batch of 36 brand new tram-trains set to join the fleet between 2022 and 2023.
Jacques Bizet (10 July 1872 - 3 November 1922) was a French physician and businessman best known for his childhood friendship with the novelist Marcel Proust, whom he predeceased by fifteen days when he committed suicide.
His father's sudden and early death seems to have encouraged his particularly close attachment to his mother, who in 1886 remarried.
Geneviève Straus ran a lively literary salon, which helped to stave off the depression towards which she tended, and which her son seems to have inherited.
Running the salon meant that the boy came to know many of the Parisian artistic and literary celebrities of the day.
Georges Bizet was virtually unknown at the time of his death, but the posthumous success of his work, and in particular the huge success of his opera Carmen, meant that by the time he enrolled at an exclusive primary school that followed the curriculum created by Marie Pape-Carpantier, Jacques Bizet had become the son of a famous composer.
His cousin and contemporary Daniel Halévy started at the same school at the same time: he was a large child and soon established himself as the school bully.
In some ways all three boys had similar backgrounds: at a time when racial identity was rising up the socio-political agenda, they would all have been regarded as half-Jewish, but the parents of all three had nevertheless had them baptised into Christian churches.
The result in the immediate term seems to have been that, more than ever, Proust became a target of mocking, mistreatment and bullying by Bizet, Halévy and the gang that formed around them.
At one point Geneviève Straus became so exasperated by Proust's homoerotic fixation on her son and his cousin, that she refused to allow the gifted young writer admission to the that doubled as her family home.
Daniel's father, Ludovic Halévy, was a versatile author and dramatist whose fame among Parisian intellectuals at the time would have been quite as great as that of the composer Georges Bizet.
It is also more than possible that as a teenager Proust was already becoming aware of the extent to which he would be able to copy, adapt and incorporate physical, psychological and behavioural traits in his school contemporaries and their family members in future novels.
All the boys were destined to inhabit the same haute-bourgeois milieu of Parisian intellectuals: friendship between Marcel Proust and Jacques Bizet would endure.
Leading members of the twentieth century literary establishment were among the contributors, including Gaston Arman de Caillavet, Robert de Flers Daniel Halévy and Marcel Proust.
By the end of 1893, however, while still rebutting the unwanted advances of his friend Marcel Proust, Jacques Bizet had to some extent distanced himself from the literary scene and enrolled at the University of Paris as a medical student.
During his second and, as matters turned out, final student year he joined with Jacques-Émile Blanche to set up a Théâtre d'ombres review.
In the increasingly politicised atmosphere of the times the salon was naturally ardently pro-Dreyfus, perhaps taking a lead from the half-Jewish hostess and her Jewish husband, who was frequently rumoured to be an illegitimate half-brother to the Rothschild brothers.
The political and social polarisation provoked by the Dreyfus affair was nevertheless followed by a decline in popularity for the salon of Mme.
In 1903 France remained the world's leading automaker, producing 30,124 cars (nearly 49% of the world total) as against 11,235 cars produced in the USA.
Marcel Proust became one of the company's most devoted customers, taking long taxi trips into the Normandy countryside which provided the backdrop for some of his best known novels.
It was indeed as a result of this arrangement that Proust came to know , who in 1913 exchanged the life of a (by this point unemployed) taxi driver for a job as Proust's secretary-stenographer, although some sources indicate that in making the appointment Proust was driven primarily by romantic considerations.
In 1909 Salomon left to set up business independently of Richard: Bizet joined up with him to establish the automobile manufacturer known to posterity as Le Zèbre.
In 1912, three days after a disagreement in a theatre foyer which ended with Bizet slapping Count Hubert de Pierredon across the face, he and de Pierredon, albeit without either causing the other lasting damage.
She died on 15 October 1900 while undergoing an operation under the surgeon-gynechologist Samuel Jean de Pozzi, a former lover of Bizet's mother.
In the end he committed suicide, shooting himself in the head, over matters involving his mistress, a couple of weeks before the death of his life-long friend Marcel Proust.
The 2019 CECAFA Cup was the 40th edition of the annual CECAFA Cup, an international football competition consisting of the national teams of member nations of the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA).
Born in Itapetinga, Bahia, Carvalho played was a goalkeeper in Vitória's youth setup, being Dida's backup during the 1993 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior.
Carvalho left the club in 2003, and returned on two more occasions, being manager of the under-17s and the under-20s in the latter.
On 20 May 2015, after Claudinei Oliveira's dismissal, he was named interim manager of the main squad in the Série B; he left the post a couple of weeks later, with three wins in four matches.
In October, he became Alberto Valentim's assistant in the first team, but returned to his previous role ahead of the 2018 season.
Gaetano Vitelli is an Italian cartoonist who, along with Giove Toppi and Antonio Burattini, was one of the first to make Mickey Mouse comic strip in Italy.
CPCG acts as a contractor for public urban development projects and claims to be involved in the construction of more than 1000 planned cities.
Petra Fuhrmann (19 October 1955 – 22 July 2019) was a German politician who was a member of the Landtag of Hesse for 20 years.
From 1997 she was the spokesperson on social issues for the SPD parliamentary group, and also deputy chairperson of the parliamentary group until 2003.
She also sat on the district council of the Hochtaunuskreis from 2001 and was part of the advisory council of the Hessenpark.
After the 2008 Hessian state election Fuhrmann was slated to become the , but Andrea Ypsilanti failed to secure a majority to form a government.
He and co-drivers Braun, James Gué and Mark Wilkins won the season-opening Rolex 24 at Daytona in the PC class followed by the 12 Hours of Sebring.
Bennett and Braun went on to win races at Kansas Speedway and Watkins Glen International, propelling them to the 2014 PC Drivers' Championship and PC Team Championship as well as the newly created Tequila Patrón North American Endurance Cup.
Bennett and Braun's success continued into 2015, where once again they claimed the PC Driver Championship in conjunction with CORE's PC Team Championship.
After high school, she attended UCLA, where she graduated Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa with Honors in 1986, receiving her B.A.
She then lived in Providence, Rhode Island, while pursuing her Master’s degree from Brown University, graduating with a Master’s in English and American Literature in 1991.
Rojany has worked for Price Stern Sloan/Penguin RandomHouse, Golden Books, Americhip Books, Intervisual Books, Gateway Learning Corp (Hooked on Phonics), and MyPotential.com.
She married and divorced Kristian Buccieri (hence the name Rojany-Buccieri on several book authorships), and has three children, Olivia, 18, Chloe, 18, and Genevieve, 15.
She is the founder and owner of Editorial Services of Los Angeles, the publisher and editor in chief of New York Journal of Books as well as a reviewer, and is listed as a writer for Tanglewood Books.
She is a member of the Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators, Who’s Who of American Women, Who's Who, and the Authors Guild.
He was also the president of the Chinese-American Faculty Association of Southern California from 1975 to 1977 and of the Asian American Psychological Association from 1979 to 1982.
He has taught at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Florida International University, California State University–Long Beach, and the University of Montana, where he served as dean of the School of Education before resigning in 1981.
In 1980, while at the University of Montana, he became the first American psychologist to be invited to China by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The 2019 Kwai Tsing District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 31 elected members to the 32-member Kwai Tsing District Council.
The pro-democrats scored a landslide victory in the 2019 election and regained the control of the council by taking 27 of the 31 elected seats.
The following is a list of women classical pianists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in the field of classical music.
The 2019 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament began on December 6, 2019 and concluded on December 21 at the PPG Paints Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
It is scheduled to begin on 26 April 2020 in Madrid, Spain at the WiZink Center and conclude on 19 June 2020 in Dublin, Ireland at the 3Arena.
The album title was then announced on 1 December, with the European leg of a new arena tour announced the following day.
The Columbia 40 is an American sailboat that was designed by Charles Morgan as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1964.
Features include a raked stem , a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed long keel with a hydraulically raised, retractable centerboard.
The steel tube frame was designed to take the standing rigging loads and pass them through the steel structure to the hull bulkheads and the deck structure.
This allowed very high tensions on the cabling, for example on the forestay and allowed a very precise sail shape, providing better performance in light and heavier winds.
Being hydraulically actuated, the centerboard was intended to be raised when sailing downwind to reduce whetted area and drag, as in dinghy sailing.
Additional sleeping accommodation is provided in the main cabin, including a dinette table that can be dropped to form a double berth, and a single berth.
The Columbia 34 was created in 1966 with the addition of a deck adapted from the Columbia 40 mated to the hull of the Columbia 33 Caribbean design.
The design was used to win the 1966 SORC Miami-Nassau race and also took second, third and fifth places in SORC Class C.
Mary Wright Gill (May 19, 1867 – October 30, 1929) was a scientific illustrator who worked for the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) and other government agencies in the late-19th and early-20th centuries.
Mary Wright Gill was born on May 19, 1867 in Washington, D.C. She was the daughter of Minna Wright (d. 1908) and had a brother, John Newton Wright.
As a girl, due to health issues, she was taken out of school and enrolled in the School of Design at the University of Cincinnati, and became the youngest student ever to enroll in that program.
Some of her early work was featured as part of the Smithsonian's contributions to the Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States.
In 1891, her work was featured in an exhibition for the Society of Washington Artists in the Woodward & Lothrop gallery.
Some of her illustrations, like the photographs taken by Stevenson, were not made with the same ethical protocols observed by ethnographers and documentarians today, and are considered culturally sensitive by contemporary Pueblo communities.
During her career, she had formative friendships with prominent women illustrators such as Mary Agnes Chase; the two were among a group of women who had created a niche in the government for this professional line of work.
R. E. Irish (born Robert Irish) was an American cinematographer who worked in Hollywood during the earlier part of the silent era.
After his father's death, he and his mother moved out to Los Angeles during the 1910s, where Robert began a career as a cinematographer when motion pictures were in their infancy.
Hanna U. Kroeger (1913-1998) was a pioneer in the health food and alternative medicine movements in the U.S. She operated a variety of businesses including a health food store, restaurant, and wholesale herb business in Boulder, Colorado between 1957 and her death.
Approximately a year after her arrival in Boulder Kroeger took over a tea and coffee company from the owner who was retiring.
She added healing teas, baked goods, seeds, nuts, raisins, oils and other items to the store’s offerings and renamed it Imperial Tea and Health Foods.
Kroeger also started the Kroeger Herb Wholesale Product Company (still operating as Kroeger Herb Products Co., Inc.) that sold hundreds of lines of herbs and homeopathic treatments carried in stores all over the world.
She was the author of over 20 books, mostly dealing with herbal therapies that she largely obtained from traditional European and Native American teachings.
Undercover Pinkerton agents hired by the State Board of Medical Examiners testified that Kroeger had provided advice to them about various fabricated ailments.
She was found guilty of 5 charges but granted a new trial because her defense attorneys were denied access to grand jury testimony.
In February 1989 the State Board of Medical Examiners filed a complaint asking the Boulder District Court to prohibit Kroeger from practicing medicine.
Following her death her daughter Gisela left a career as a mathematics professor and database designer to take over Kroeger’s business.
She is a graduate of Columbia College where she studied fashion design with a focus on pattern making and technical design.
She began working on the site full-time after realizing there was a modern design gap in the offerings of the commercial pattern making industry.
The Jewish Home-National Union is a parliamentary faction represented in the Knesset which is made up of The Jewish Home and Tkuma.
However Yamina split on 10 October, stating that the alliance was created to avoid the wasting of votes and pass the 3.25% threshold to enter the Knesset.
The 2015 S.League season is Tampines Rovers's 20th season at the top level of Singapore football and 70th year in existence as a football club.
The shooting competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines were held at the Pradera Verde in Lubao, Pampanga.
Amaanat (Punjabi Film) (2019) is a Punjabi film directed by Royal Singh and starring Dheeraj Kumar and Neha Pawar with a released date of December 13, 2019.
The season will culminate with the four-team College Cup at Meredith Field at Harder Stadium in Santa Barbara, California, December 11–13, 2020.
On November 27, 2017, it was announced that, in 2020, the Tritons of the University of California, San Diego of San Diego, California would begin the transition from Division II to Division I as a member of the Big West Conference.
On January 11, 2019, it was announced that the Trailblazers of Dixie State University of St. George, Utah would begin the transition from Division II to Division I as a member of the Western Athletic Conference.
On June 17, 2019, it was announced that the Knights of Bellarmine University of Louisville, Kentucky would begin the transition from Division II to Division I as a member of the Atlantic Sun Conference.
On November 20, 2019, Valparaiso announced that the men's soccer and tennis teams would be eliminated to allow greater attention to the school's other sports teams.
Hermann Landolt is a Swiss scholar of Iranian and Islamic philosophy and an emeritus professor of Islamic thought at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Born in 1935 in Basel, Switzerland, Hermann Landolt studied at Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Sorbonne, Paris under prominent Islamicist Henry Corbin and obtained a PhD from the University of Basel under the supervision of Alfred Bühler and Fritz Meier.
Upon recommendation of Henry Corbin, he was invited to Canada in 1964 and was appointed a 'junior scholar' at McGill University.
Besides McGill, Landolt has also served as a Research Fellow at the Institute of Ismaili Studies and had been a Guest Professor at Sorbonne.
Arsenal won the match 11–1, setting a new FA WSL record scoreline, surpassing the 9–0 win set by Liverpool Ladies over Doncaster Rovers Belles in 2013.
Dutch striker Vivianne Miedema was involved in all 10 of the goals scored while she was on the pitch, scoring six times and registering four assists, which broke her own FA WSL record for single-game goal involvements originally set at five in September 2018 against Liverpool (three goals, two assists).
The goal tally also took Miedema's all-time FA WSL goals total to 36 goals, overtaking Ji So-yun as the highest-scoring non-British player in league history.
Arsenal's lineup contained four changes from the League Cup clash while Bristol City only made two with both teams having also been in league action during the intermediate weekend.
Lisa Evans opened the scoring in the 7th minute before Leah Williamson doubled Arsenal's advantage three minutes later, both assisted by Vivianne Miedema.
The assists turned into goals as Miedema scored a hat-trick in the space of 21 minutes to send Arsenal into the half-time break with a 5–0 lead.
Miedema resumed scoring six minutes into the second half, betting her fourth of the day and Arsenal's sixth before Jordan Nobbs became the fourth goalscorer of the game to make it 7–0 in the 54th minute.
Two minutes later Miedema once again netted before claiming her fourth assist on the hour mark as Evans scored got her brace to make it 9–0.
Miedema scored her sixth and final goal of the day four minutes later to send Arsenal to double figures before Emma Mitchell scored one with an assist from Beth Mead.
Bristol City were awarded a late penalty after Belgian striker Yana Daniëls was brought down in the box by Arsenal's goalkeeper Manuela Zinsberger.
Daniëls tucked away the rebound in the 85th minute after Zinsberger had saved the original penalty before the final whistle confirmed the largest victory in WSL history.
Arsenal moved from third to first in the table, ahead of Manchester City on goal difference after City recorded a 1–0 win over Liverpool and Chelsea had their game against Everton postponed by a frozen pitch.
Upon discovering that the management is closing down the factory, a desperate employee kidnaps the toddler of the director in order to negotiate.
Oran K. Henderson (August 25, 1920 – June 2, 1998) was a United States Army colonel who commanded the 11th Infantry Brigade, 23rd Infantry Division during the Vietnam War and later served as head of the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency in the late 1970s.
He is most famous for his role in the My Lai massacre where he served as brigade commander for the units involved in the killings, ultimately being charged and acquitted of dereliction of duty for failing to carry out an adequate investigation and lying to Army investigators.
He entered the Army in 1941 and served in World War II, and the Korean War as an infantry officer, being wounded in both conflicts.
During the operation, soldiers under his command massacred hundreds of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians near the village of Sơn Mỹ in what would later be known as the My Lai massacre.
Henderson was the first to interview Warrant Officer (WO1) Hugh Thompson, Jr., a helicopter pilot who had intervened in the massacre and issued an official report describing what he saw.
Despite the report, Henderson issued a commendation for Captain Ernest Medina, the commander of one of the companies involved in the killings and even after interviewing several soldiers involved in the operation, issued a report stating only twenty civilians had been inadvertently killed by artillery fire.
In 1970, three charges were brought against Henderson to include failing to carry out a thorough investigation of the killings, failing to report possible war crimes to his division commander Brigadier General Samuel W. Koster, and lying to a Pentagon inquiry.
In the case, Henderson's defense counsel argued that he had conducted an honest investigation but was misled by his subordinates including Captain Medina while prosecutors contended he hid evidence in order to preserve his rank and command.
On 18 December 1971, after a 62-day trial in Fort George G. Meade which heard 106 witnesses, Henderson was acquitted by a jury of two generals and five colonels.
After leaving the Army, Henderson became head of the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, where he oversaw responses to devastating floods in 1977 and the Three Mile Island accident.
Manisha Vakil is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party, representing Vadodara City constituency at Gujarat Legislative Assembly since the 2017 state legislature elections.
Australian membership in the World Bank Group (WBG) is motivated by both 1) efforts to aid and assist the developing nations of the world and 2) to promote Australian regional interests throughout the East Asian, Southeast Asian, and greater Oceania regions.
Australian membership has led to countless successful foreign aid and development projects totaling hundreds of millions; in 2012-13 alone, Australia provided close to $552.6 million to the World Bank Group.
According to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Australian foreign aid and World Bank Group contributions has led to achievements in three major areas concerning Growth, Inclusiveness, and Sustainability & Resilience.
Australian and World Bank Group efforts have resulted in both economic development and urban development in the Growth sector, education, sustainable development, and welfare program development in the Inclusiveness sector, and other successful projects in the Sustainability & Resilience sector that include environmental protection.
Australia is a continental-nation located in the heart of the Indo-Pacific region, which includes East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania (including Micronesia, Australasia, Melanesia, and Polynesia), and is among that of the wealthiest, and potentially most influential, nations in the region.
Being so, Australia has the potential to assert great influence over the region, and thus has many interests and priorities regarding the region.
Australian contributions to the World Bank Group, as close as the partnership is between the two, is primarily motivated by Australian interests and priorities in the Indo-Pacific region.
Through Australian World Bank Group membership and contributions, Australia is able to promote and influence World Bank Group development, aid, and project policies and priorities to focus more on that of the Indo-Pacific region, allowing for more economic development and growth throughout the region.
IDA18 replenishments is a $774.45 million Australian dollar global, but primarily Pacific regional, effort aimed at increasing the value of currency in the region, increasing regional economic development and aid to benefit growth and infrastructure, increasing sustainable development, and other mutual projects that support both Australian regional interests and the World Bank Group agenda over the course of 9 nine years.
Between 1994 to 2013, Australia contributed 134 donations towards The World Bank Group and their funds, of which include thirteen funds across six different sectors and themes.
Below is a table of Australian contributions towards World Bank funds and their corresponding World Bank sectors between 1994 through 2013, according to the World Bank date provided in their Contributions to FIF (Financial Intermediary Funds) - Australia as of 2013.
While there have been previous, private blockchain bond projects, Bond-i is the first global, public, bond sales processing system to be developed wholly and completely from blockchain and cryptocurrency technology.
As well as the first to be created, managed, and in which bond trade activities and actions are recorded using distributed ledger technology.
This is all in efforts to relieve the extremely outdated documented process of bond trading and issuance, allowing for a more effective, efficient, and economic trade process that will, in turn, increase the speed of trades while simultaneously decreasing the costs spent in processing these trades and bonds.
Although Bond-i utilizes blockchain and distributed ledger technologies, the currencies of these bond exchanges is neither in cryptocurrency nor in bitcoin, but instead in the Australia dollar., partly because the Australian dollar is among the most highly traded currencies in the world.
Numerous islands in the Pacific either have been engulfed, or are soon to be engulfed, by the Pacific Ocean due to the rising seas from climate change and global warming.
The World Bank Group argued that allowing mass and open migration would not only be a humanitarian effort that would prevent a forced migration of Pacific Islanders in the future as a result of climate change, but the open access would also significantly boost both Australian and New Zealand economies.
First, Berkelmans and Pryke proposed two avenues of mass, open and free migration: 1) the uncapped model and 2) the capped model.
The uncapped model would call for Australia to establish a new special visa category in which there would not be a limit as to the number of civilians migrating to Australia.
Through this model, it is projected that Australia would annually admit 900,000 immigrants, which would total to about 6.04 million by the year 2040.
It should not be either assumed or misunderstood that the uncapped model either suggests or calls for unregulated and uncontrolled migration, the Pacific island civilians would still be subject to immigration tests, such as that of health and character tests.
This model projects that Australia would annually admit 215,000 immigrants each year, which would total to about 5.16 million by the 2040.
Per Berkelmans and Pryke, one of the more significant and notable of the anticipated benefits for Australian open mass and free migration would be that of increased annual incomes for individuals and households, as Australian regional aid to the Indo-Pacific and Oceania regions was $600 million (2005 PPP adjusted US$).
They further noted that should these Pacific island civilians be allowed to immigrate and work in Australia, the combined annual income increases is projected to be $25 billion (2005 PPP adjusted US$), 40 times that of the Australian regional aid program budget.
Not only has it been suggested that opening free and mass migration be beneficial for the Pacific island civilians, but it has been suggested that these civilians, a majority of which are low-skilled, low and uneducated individuals, would be able to fill the voids in the Australia labor force shortages, especially in low-skilled professions.
However, one of the detriments to this mass, open and free migration is that it would significantly undermine the Australian immigration initiative of attracting and admitting skilled workers to boost the Australian economy and improve the society and nation in general.
Also, it is suggested that if so many Pacific island civilians emigrated from their homelands, their nations would be left worse off due to labor force shortages and declining economies, consequently.
The indoor hockey competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines were held at the LB Centro Mall & Convention Center in Los Banos, Laguna from 4 to 10 December 2019.
Reverse mission is a Christian missiological concept focusing on the late-20th-century reversal of early missionizing efforts, whereby Christians from Africa, Asia, and Latin America send missionaries to Europe and North America.
The second half of the 20th century has seen the shift of world Christianity, from Europe and North America to Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Reverse missionaries from African have sought to reintroduce Christianity to the United Kingdom, as have Koreans bringing Christianity to the United States.
In 1989, the Third World Missions Association was established in Portland, Oregon, as a forum to train sending agencies of reverse missionaries from Africa, Asia, and Latin American.
Some have criticized the terminology as a rhetoric more than reality, given that the success in mission is less in converting Europeans and North Americans, but in leading immigrant church populations in these lands.
Others have noted that the language arose alongside the decolonization of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and has been used to emphasize the shift of power from the West to the majority world.
Escape to the Chateau DIY is a Channel 4 documentary series which follows the stories of various British families that are renovating châteaux in France, or looking at ones to purchase.
It is narrated by Dick Strawbridge who, along with his wife Angel Adoree, provides help and advice to some of these owners.
She has acted alongside Kofi Adjorlolo, Ekow Blankson, Yvonne Nelson, Salma Mumin, Henry Adofo, Jessica Larnyoh and a host of others.
The Alaska Statutes comprise the statutory law of the U.S. state of Alaska, and consists of the codified legislation of the Alaska Legislature.
Watson Bradley Dickerman (January 4, 1846 – April 5, 1923) was an American banker who founded Dominick & Dickerman and served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
Dickerman began his finance and banking career as a young employee and trainee of Jacob Bunn in the J. Bunn Bank of Springfield, Illinois before coming to New York City in 1868 and joining the Open Board of Brokers, which was consolidated with the New York Stock Exchange in 1869.
From 1889 to 1891, Dickerson was Receiver of the Norfolk Southern Railway, until its reorganization in 1891 when he began serving as its president from 1891 to 1899.
In 1890, Dickerman left his firm when he was elected to succeed William L. Bull as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
He served as president of the Exchange from 1890 to 1892, after which Frank K. Sturgis became president and he was again elected a Governor of the Exchange.
In 1892, Dickerman returned to the firm and three years later, his co-founder William Dominick died of typhoid fever in 1895.
In 1899, William C. Sheldon & Co. and Dickerman's firm provided financing for an iron and steel corporate combine called Republic Iron & Steel Company, which absorbed the Springfield Iron Company run by John Whitfield Bunn, brother of Dickerman's Springfield mentor.
He also served as president of the New York Zoological Society, where he served on the board of managers for fifteen years and was a member of the Executive Committee.
He was also a member of the Metropolitan Club, the Union Club, the Century Association, and the Brook and Riding Clubs.
On February 18, 1869, Dickerman was married to Martha Elizabeth Swift (1847–1908), a daughter of Samuel Swift and Mary (née Phelps) Swift of Brooklyn.
After the death of his first wife, he remarried to Florence Elaine Calkin at the Grace Church chantry on April 12, 1917.
He first bought the property in 1884 and over the years, added to it until it reached nearly 500 acres in Mamaroneck and New Rochelle.
Dickerman died at 998 Fifth Avenue, his home on Manhattan's Upper East Side (an Italian Renaissance Palazzo-style luxury cooperative building designed by McKim, Mead & White and built by James T. Lee), on April 5, 1923.
After leaving $20,000 each to the New York Zoological Society and the Home for Incurables, the remainder of his roughly $5,000,000 estate was left to his widow and surviving son.
During the 2009–10 season, the club competed in League Two, the fourth tier of English football, for the third year in succession.
They are held to crown national champions and may serve as part of the selection process for international events such as the 2020 ISU Figure Skating Championships.
A few countries chose to organize their national championships together with their neighbors; the results were subsequently divided into national podiums.
The Bruins, led by 1st-year head coach Casey Alexander, play their home games at the Curb Event Center in Nashville, Tennessee as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.
The Bruins finished the 2018–19 season 27–6 overall, 16–2 in OVC play to finish as Ohio Valley regular season co-champions, alongside Murray State.
In the OVC Tournament, they defeated Austin Peay in the semifinals, advancing to the championship, where they were defeated by Murray State.
On April 1, 2019, longtime head coach Rick Byrd announced that he was retiring, after leading the team for 33 years.
Retired Ambassador Robert E. Whitehead (born Crawfordsville, Indiana) was the US Chargé d’Affaires in Gabon, as well as Ambassador to the Togolese Republic (2012- 2015) and Chief of Mission in Khartoum, Sudan (that position ended in July 2011 when the Republic of South Sudan became an independent country.
Since then, he’s been called back several times to serve as Chargé d’Affaires at Embassy in Burundi (2016), six months as Charge d’Affaires at the Embassy in Kinshasa (2017) and four months as Counselor at the Embassy in Bangui, Central African Republic (2018).
District 12 covers Nashua's 1st, 2nd, and 5th wards, as well as several towns to its west, including Brookline, Greenville, Hollis, Mason, New Ipswich, and Rindge.
The Red Republic of Caulonia () was a short lived revolutionary communist Italian state formed on 6 March 1945 by mayor of Caulonia Pasquale Cavallaro, an elementary teacher and former seminarian who joined the Italian Communist Party in 1943.
The revolt which had led to the proclamation of the republic was provoked by protests and turmoil of peasants, still under the control of powerful landowners who wanted to preservers their privileges obtained with fascism and after the Italian unification.
At the time, Pasquale Cavallaro was a 31 years old elementary school teacher from a rural family and he had been an antifascist since the march on Rome in 1922.
In January 1944, the Reggio Calabria prefetto Antonio Priolo appointed Pasquale Cavallaro as mayor of Caulonia, with the support of the Communist Party.
He had applied new reforms which led to the seize of weapons and grain stockpiled by landowners, moreover, he had requested a research on usurpations of state lands and the report relieved that the 75% of state lands was illegally owned by local rich families.
Pressures of the father to free his son provoked the revolt in the town: on the following day, Cavallaro himself occupied the offices of telegraphs ad posts and the Carabinieri Reali barracks together with a group of loyalists.
A internment camp for class enemies was established along with a people's court, and former fascist (identified as landowners) were prosecuted and punished.
Cavallaro realized the seriousness of the event and persuaded his men to turn themselves to police on the next morning, but nonetheless the situation got worse and the news of the homicide was spread quickly in all Italy.
For a few days, the alliance of anti-fascist forces was menaced by liberals who would leave the majority if communist leader Palmiro Togliatti did not condemned the facts of Caulonia, however the national PCI promptly disapproved the acts of Caulonists.
PCI Secretary for Reggio Calabria province, Eugenio Musolino and Prefetto Piolo convinced Cavallaro to interrupt the insurrection and give weapons in exchange for the clemency for rioters.
On 23 June 1947, the 365 rioters were accused before the Court of Locri for: creating armed bands, extortions, violences on private citizens, usurpation of public employment and homicide.
Thanks to the Togliatti amnesty, almost all of the rioters avoided the prosecution except three people: Ilario Bava and Giuseppe Menno, guilty for the murder of don Gennaro Amato, and Pasquale Cavallaro, instigator of the homicide.
After studying biology and œnology and working for multiple cognacs and wines brands, Jean-Sébastien Robicquet created EuroWineGate, an online Wine & Spirits shop, but he also wanted to create his own spirits brands.
In 2001, Jean-Sébastien Robicquet created, in partnership with Diageo, Cîroc, a french vodka crafted with grapes and known for its five-timed distillation.
G’Vine, a french gin made with grape liquor and vine flowers which are distilled with perfumer skills to extract their aromas was created in 2006.
Tianjin People's Hospital was originally founded as the Tientsin Mission Hospital and Dispensary by Dr. John Kenneth Mackenzie of the London Missionary Society in 1880.
Following his death, Mackenzie was succeeded by Dr. Fred C. Roberts, who led the hospital from 1888 until his death in 1894.
The god of childhood and mischief, he is suddenly transformed into a mortal in the presence of twin Arameri children, Shahar and Deka.
The shock destroys part of the underpalace of the city of Sky, and sends Sieh from the mortal realm to recover for around eight years.
The two quickly fall in love, and Sieh and begins to age quickly as he takes on adult situations and responsibilities.
She studied in Vienna and Berlin in 1900 and 1901, and made her London debut in 1902, at age 14, at St. James' Hall.
He started his youth career in Sandefjord club Store Bergan IL and played for Teie IF; though his transfer to Eik-Tønsberg was reported in 1985 he remained in Teie throughout the decade.
In the 1993 Norwegian Football Cup first round he converted a penalty kick to secure a 3–2 lead against Fredrikstad FK.
This season Strømsgodset encountered a number of goalkeeper problems, heavily stricken by injuries, the team used both Roar Gulliksen, Glenn Arne Hansen, Pål Henning Albertsen, Per Øyvind Dahl, Tom Nilsen and Jon Knudsen.
The 2019 Russian Men's Curling Cup () was held from December 2 to 6 at the Ice Cube Curling Center arena in Sochi.
Aspden attended the Blackburn School of Art from 1927 to 1933 after which she studied at the Royal College of Art in London until 1937.
She went on to exhibit regularly in London, where she lived, at the Royal Academy and the Royal Society of Painter-Ethchers and Engravers, elsewhere in England and in North America.
When awake, Angela finds herself connected to a long tube that enters a locked room that she believes Will is in.
After Bian gives a strange psychological test to Angela, Trieu explains that Bian is a clone of her dead mother, and she has been providing Bian's own memories to her.
With Trieu preparing to activate the Millennium Clock within hours, Angela breaks into the locked room, only to find her tube connect to an unconscious elephant.
She rips out her tube and takes an elevator to a higher floor to find a globe device that plays back the messages that people had left at the Manhattan booths.
Trieu enters, explaining that she has heard these, and confirms Doctor Manhattan is not on Mars, but actually in Tulsa disguised as a human.
Trieu is aware of a Kavalry plot to capture and destroy Manhattan so that they can become like him, and her activation of the Clock within the hour will save humanity.
Laurie is taken to the Kavalry headquarters, where Joe shows her a cage-like device as part of their plan to bring Manhattan to them as a means to become godlike themselves.
In the manor, Veidt has been on trial for 365 days by the Game Warden for his crimes, not only due to the squid attack but for killing numerous Phillips and Crookshanks.
According to showrunner Damon Lindelof, they had developed the show with Angela as the central character, and only reused characters from the limited series comic when they would help advance Angela's story.
When they considered how they could bring Doctor Manhattan back, they quickly settled that he could serve as a facet of love in Angela's life, creating the character of Cal.
When casting for Cal, the showrunners were looking for qualities needed for both Cal and Manhattan, though did not tell those auditioning about the latter.
King herself was not told until after she had read scripts for the third and fourth episode of the series and questioned how Cal's behavior was scripted to Lindelof.
Television critics found several clues layered in previous episodes that pointed to this reveal, including Cal's own dialog mimicking what Manhattan might say and Laurie's own feelings about Cal.
In early June 1948, the bill died in the US Senate as the 1948 United States presidential election season commenced with conventions.
HUAC had successfully subpoenaed months of Western Union telegrams and telephone records between the committee and the National Lawyers Guild and tied both organizations to the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and numerous Communist front organizations.
When she graduated, she completed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' cadet course, and since then she has served as part of the Israeli diplomatic corp.
Since then she earned a M. A. in Political Science and National Security from Haifa University, studied at the National Defense College and as of 2019, is studying for a Ph.D. in Political Science.
Specifically, she was charged with implementing the Peace Accord of which she participated in negotiations and signed a series of agreements with Jordan.
Charles Jackson, Jr. (born February 12, 1937 - February 2002), known as The East Bay Slayer, was an American serial killer, responsible for the murders of at least 7 women and one man between 1975 and 1982.
Jackson is suspected of committing several more murders during the 1970s and 1980s around the Contra Costa area, in which at least 5 other serial killers also operated in that time frame.
He lived in a socially disadvantageous environment, as his father was an alcoholic who was aggressive towards him and other family members.
Due to material difficulties, Jackson dropped out of high school in the early 1950s and started spending a lot of time on the street.
Subsequently, over the next 28 years, he was repeatedly arrested on charges of committing crimes such as burglary, rape, assault and molestation of minors (dates include March 2, 1962; January 11, 1965; May 15, 1967; October 1969; June 9, 1970; August 21, 1975 and May 22, 1978).
The last time he was released was on September 12, 1981, after which he started work as a day laborer for some time, as well as doing other odd jobs.
During the investigation, several eyewitnesses to the crime were found who wrote down the license plate on Jackson's car, on the basis of which he was arrested on three days later, and charged with Stewart's murder.
Charles Jackson spent the rest of his life in the Folsom State Prison, where he died in February 2002 from a heart attack.
A month after his death, DNA testing of biological samples from him were carried out on samples found on the bodies of various women and girls, killed throughout Contra Costa County during the 1970s and 1980s.
Jackson's true victim count is currently unknown, since there were at least five other serial killers in the Contra Costa area during his murder spree.
Dongmyeong ilgi (동명일기, Travelogue of Dongmyeong) is a travelogue written by Lady Uiyudang (意幽堂) of the Nam clan of Uiryeong (宜寧南氏, 1727–1823) in 1772 (the 48 year of King Yeongjo’s reign), at the age of 46.
Written while she was staying in the Hamheung region as the wife of an assistant magistrate of the same region, it depicts her trip to a beach near Hamheung known as Dongmyeong (東溟) and her experience of watching a moonrise and a sunrise there.
Moreover, The sister of Uiyudang’s husband married Hong In-han (洪麟漢), the uncle of Lady Hyegyeonggung Hong (later Queen Heongyeong), and her elder sister’s husband was Kim Si-muk (金時默), the father of Queen Hyoui, the wife of King Jeongju.
It seems that when she was younger, she followed her husband to northern and southern regions of Korea, but led a lonely life after her husband and most of her children had passed away.
While she was spending her later years in Samcheong-dong, Seoul, her niece Queen Hyoui took care of her, regularly sending her food and clothing.
However, when she climbs up to the Gwigyeongdae Cliff (龜景臺), she is unable to see a sunrise due to a cloudy weather.
Uiyudang begs her husband again, and in 1772, accompanied by her husband, woman entertainers, and servants, she takes a trip to Dongmyeong once again to see a moonrise and a sunrise.
After arriving at her destination, she first enjoys boating, and then when the dusk is falling, she climbs up to the Gwigyeongdae Cliff.
After staying up all night to see a sunrise, Uiyudang climbs up to the Gwigyeongdae Cliff once again and waits for it.
However, women entertainers feel sorry for her, thinking that she won’t be able to see a sunrise due to a cloudy weather.
Uiyudang is also worried about it, but the sun looms above the horizon, and she describes the scene in great detail.
The European leg will include several indoor shows as well as outdoor festival shows at Rock Werchter, Lollapalooza in Stockholm and Paris, and the BST Hyde Park concert in London.
The show at the Royal Arena in Copenhagen will be on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Roskilde tragedy.
Nawaf Al-Harthi (; born 12 October 1998) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Pro League club Al-Ain on loan from Al-Wehda.
It extends as a north-south beld along the western part of the Chilean regions of Coquimbo and Atacama, chiefly between the cities of La Serena and Taltal.
Manto-type deposits are contrasted in the northern part of the belt and are chiefly emplaced on rocks of La Negra Formation.
The ores of the Chilean Iron Belt formed in separate pulses in the Cretaceous period as result of magmatic and hydrothermal processes.
Garth Coleridge Reeves, Sr. (February 12, 1919 – November 25, 2019) was the Publisher of the Miami Times from 1970–1994, when he was then named Publisher Emeritus.
Inducted in 2017 to the National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) Hall of Fame he was for the latter half of the 20th century an African American voice in Miami, Florida, having taken over his fathers duties as publisher after WWII.
The family immigrated to the United States and he grew up in Miami’s Overtown and Liberty City from when he was just 4 months old.
His memories of the overt racism he and others faced helped to shape the activist he became during the Civil Rights Era.
The only job he ever had other than his stint in the segregated ARMY during WWII was at the one sheet tabloid for the black community started by his father in 1923.
Recalling his time in the Boy Scouts in Jim Crow 1935, he articulated not being able to advance in the Scouts, due to the lack of facilities for blacks to take swimming lessons or take the practical tests for the required badges.
After returning from Europe at the end of World War II and encountering racism at home he became dispirited, giving his mother a list of places other than Miami he felt were more accommodating to African-Americans .
Reeves had returned to Miami in 1946, his father Henry E. Sigismund Reeves was running The Miami Times which was a 'race' tabloid, catering to the black community.
His son was on the opposing spectrum, having fought for freedom in Europe and not being as patient with the Jim Crow policies of the south.
Garth held every job at one time or the other at the paper and the energy he devoted drove the Times to grow during the 50s and 60s.
In 1949, blacks were not allowed to play at the public golf courses during the week, but were allowed on Monday, the one day the sprinklers were on.
He and his friends filed suit for access to the fairways, basing their claim on taxes paid in upkeep and maintenance of the courses.
While not subscribing to the non-violence philosophy of Martin Luther King during the run up to the March on Washington; he reported on the movement in the periodical faithfully.
‘CONSCIENCE OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY’ is how his editorials were described, he consistently used very different wording than other papers to describe the riots that swept into Florida after police shootings, calling them 'protests' instead, as Reeves later described The Miami Times’ editorial policy in a 1999 interview.
He was dedicated to uplifting the race and he was not afraid to throw rocks and hide his hands to get the power structure’s attention to the difficulties and the inequalities of the black community.
In 1957, Reeves and other black leaders took their tax bills to a meeting with white officials in an effort to integrate Dade County beaches.
Reeves developed his writing voice in the middle of the civil rights era when he ascended to managing editor of The Times.
He also came to understandings with the white business establishment in the downtown Miami, joining the mostly white Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce in 1968.
He also courted various charities like the United Way, the Boy Scouts and other philanthropic endeavors that the downtown clique perceived as the litmus test of civic involvement.
He invested the profits in bank stock and real estate, owning a 5 percent share of Miami’s Bayside Marketplace, located in the thriving downtown.
It was he who secured the family ownership of the Times as it evolved into the current digital edition helmed by his grandson, Garth Basil, whom succeeded his daughter, Rachel, who also passed in 2019.
She had been the latest publisher of The Miami Times, assuming the mantle of leadership from her father and grandfather in 1994.
He retired from the day to day operation and assumed the mantle of elder statesman, active in civic affairs into his 98th year.
Black journalists and the black press are up against formidable foes and we have to keep fighting and not give up.
It makes you feel good when you are recognized by your peers and, being in the business, at 98, I feel good,” he told The Miami Times.
After Rachel passed in September at age 69 Reeves health declined, he died due to complications from Pneumonia at his home in Aventura, Fla. at age 100.
Ahead of the 1980 season he joined Moss FK, and already in 1981 he went on to a second-choice spot in Vålerenga IF.
Ahead of the 1983 season he signed for Hamarkameratene, but as the clubs never agreed on the prize, the prize was set by a Football Association tribunal.
He received an LLB from the University of Buckingham, United Kingdom, in 2011, and became a member of Nigeria Bar Association in 2013.
Seyi Tinubu is a Nigerian entrepreneur and the CEO & Founder of Loatsad Promomedia Ltd, an outdoor advertising company an organisation he founded six years ago.
The decade of riots were the result of policing controversies and ethnic tensions fueled by the perceived threat of recent immigrants to African Americans on the Miami job market.
In the United States through the 1960s, desegregation was empowering once disadvantaged African American communities to reach new political and economic gains.
In Miami the Cuban exile seemed to undercut new African American gains as Cubans began to compete for jobs, residence, and political power.
Many Cuban refugees lacked English language skills and ended up living in lower income neighborhoods and taking up blue collar jobs that many African Americans also held.
Cuban and later Latin American refugees were also given assistance by the US government and Catholic church that local African Americans were not given.
By 1968, Miami witnessed a riot in its Liberty City neighborhood during the 1968 Republican National Convention, caused by the frustration African Americans faced in the country.
By the 1970s, the Hispanic population of Miami outnumbered the African American population and more Hispanic owned businesses had been opened than African American owned businesses.
The 1980 riots were race riots that occurred in Miami, starting in earnest on May 18, 1980, following the acquittal of police officers who had beaten black motorcyclist Arthur McDuffie.
The 1989 Miami riot came after police officer William Lozano shot Clement Lloyd, who was fleeing another officer on a motorcycle.
After the arrest of Haitian demonstrators picketing a Cuban owned business, believed to have harassed Haitian customers, and the condemnation of Nelson Mandela's visit to Miami by many Cuban city officials, many black business organizations boycotted Miami entirely throughout the summer of 1990.
In the end $50,000,000 dollars was lost due to cancelled conventions in the city and ended with various business deals in the city to help expand black owned businesses and attract black professionals.
After police shot a shooting suspect in Overtown, rioting broke out in majority black neighborhoods of Liberty City, Overtown, and to a lighter degree in Coconut Grove.
Twenty people were arrested after rocks were thrown at a police station, a city bus, and a dumpster was set on fire.
Lars Patrick Berg (born 22 January 1966 in Frankfurt) is a German politician who is serving as an Alternative for Germany Member of the European Parliament.
The 2019–20 Federation Cup also known as 2019–20 TVS Federation Cup (due to sponsorship reason from TVS Motor Company) was 31st edition of the tournament, the main domestic annual club football competition in Bangladesh organized by Bangladesh Football Federation.
The draw ceremony of the tournament was held on 13 December 2019 at 15:30 BST on the 3rd floor of BFF House Motijheel, Dhaka.
Patricia A. Thiel is an American chemist and materials scientist who is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Iowa State University.
Thiel herself attended a private elementary school nearby her farm in Lismore, MN for grades 1-8 and public high school in Adrian, MN for grades 9-12.
Support from the National Merit Scholarship Program enabled her to attend Macalester College in St. Paul, MN, where she was inspired by her freshman chemistry course and its instructor, Prof. Emil Smirkowski to major in chemistry.
After working for a year at Control Data Corporation as an analytic chemist, she enrolled in the Chemistry Department at the California Institute of Technology, with financial support from a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship.
Thiel's first appointment after graduation was as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where she worked in the research group of Gerhard Ertl, who later went on to receive the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Throughout this time period she received outstanding teaching awards, and held several administrative posts, including Program Director for Materials Chemistry (Ames Laboratory; 1988-2004), Chief Research officer (Ames Laboratory; 2008-2009) and Chair of the Iowa State Chemistry Department (1999-2002).
Thiel is an associate editor of The Journal of Chemical Physics.. She attended the Nobel Prize ceremony on December 10, 2011, where Dan Shechtman received the 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals.
Thiel's research has elucidated atomic-scale structures and processes on solid surfaces, in areas relevant to microelectronics, tribology, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanoscience.
Thiel's research group pioneered studies of nucleation and growth of metal films on quasicrystal surfaces, demonstrating that local pseudomorphic growth, including starfish-shaped formations, can occur at very specific nucleation sites.
Focusing on metallic, aluminum-rich quasicrystals, Thiel and her collaborators extensively explored how quasicrystal atomic-scale surface structures were related to their unusual surface properties, including low friction, low adhesion, and good oxidation resistance.
She continued her research on water as a faculty member at Iowa State University, and discovered that desorption kinetics of water can exhibit a measurable isotope effect.
She is credited with being the first to propose that bilayers of water near solid surfaces could possess a structure similar to the basal plane of Ice Ih.
She is the co-author, along with Theodore E. Madey, of a highly cited and comprehensive review article describing the interactions and properties of water near solid surfaces.
Thiel's group is credited with discovering that large two-dimensional metal clusters actually diffuse on metal substrates, and that this can be the dominant mechanism leading to coarsening (an evolution to larger sizes and fewer numbers) of these clusters.
She and James W. Evans are responsible for first describing an atomic-scale mechanism for metal film growth, which they dubbed ‘downward funneling’.
Because of this mechanism, they predicted an unusual variation in film roughness with temperature from theory, and eventually confirmed it experimentally using STM.
More recently, her group discovered a series of naturally-occurring metal-sulfur complexes with distinct stoichiometries, which may influence stability of larger metallic features by assisting surface metal transport and hence coarsening.
She and her collaborators also discovered that metallic nanoparticles can be grown as encapsulated clusters near the surface of a layered material, graphite, if specific growth conditions are met.
Applying a continuum elasticity model, they developed insight into the reasons for the low, flattened shapes (high aspect ratios) of these embedded particles, and a prediction that the shape of encapsulated metal islands should be universal (size-independent).
Since the 1975 Army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for stars in the 88 modern constellationss.
This mutation is caused by the change of nucleotide C to A at nucleotide 435, switching the amino acid aspartic acid to glutamic acid, which is located at the C-terminal tail.
Patients with this mutation have different structure on the thin filament and alter the binding of Ca at the troponin C site IV.
The film is produced by Pankaj Batra , Ashu Munish Sahni , Aniket Kawade, Preeta Batra & Amandeep Singh and co-produced by Mandip Dhami It is slated to release in cinemas on 24 January 2020 .
The trailer of this movie shows the extent to which human beings strive to fulfill their dreams in life – with two hearts of love.
Seddik Majeri(born 31 May 1994) is a Tunisian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Al-Batin on loan from CA Bizertin .
Kala Krishna (born November 26, 1956 New Delhi, India) is an Indian -American economist, currently Liberal Arts Research Professor of Economics at Pennsylvania State University., an NBER Research Associate and a CESifo Research Network Fellow.
In 1991-1993, she became William L Clayton Professor of Economics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
In addition to his commiteee assignments, Doleschal is part of the Parliament’s delegation to the EU-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan, EU-Uzbekistan and EU-Tajikistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees and for relations with Turkmenistan and Mongolia.
She won the 200 metres at the 1980 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, with a time of 22.80 seconds (wind-aided), and finished third in the 100 metres.
Sadasivan has sung for many Malayalam films and has colloborated with many singers composers and lyricists of Malayalam cinema including, G. Devarajan, Vayalar, Yusufali Kecheri, Sreekumaran Thampi, V. Dakshinamurthy, P. Bhaskaran, Mankombu, K.J.
Leland S. Stranathan (28 June 1904 – 22 August 1983) was a United States Air Force (USAF) general who served in Europe and the Pacific during World War II.
After the war he was in charge of the Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project at Sandia Base, and the Caribbean Air Command.
Stranathan was a Flying Cadet from 28 June to 22 July 1927, and from 28 October 1927 to 31 October 1928.
He was part of the first class of Primary Flying School students to go through March Field, California, after it was reactivated after World War I.
He then attended the United States Army Air Corps Advanced Flying School bombardment course at Kelly Field, Texas, and was commissioned as second lieutenant in the Air Reserve on 22 October 1928.
On 2 February 1929, Stranathan received a permanent commission in the Army Air Corps , and in March was posted to Bolling Field, D.C., where his main duty was transporting dignitaries.
After serving as an instructor at Randolph Field, Texas, he commanded the 50th Observation Squadron at Luke Field in the Territory of Hawaii, from 23 March to 3 September 1937.
He was promoted to major on 15 March 1941, lieutenant colonel on 5 January 1942, and colonel on 1 March 1942.
He was commander of Blytheville Field, Arkansas, from 1 July 1942 to 1 January 1943, and Tyndall Field, Alabama, from 1 February 1943 to 14 May 1944.
From 8 July to 1 September 1943, Stranathan was detached for service with the Eighth Air Force in England, observing flexible gunnery tactics.
He served as assistant chief of staff, A-3 (Operations) of the Army Air Forces Eastern Flying Training Command at Maxwell Field from 15 May to 16July 1944, and then became the commander of the Flexible Gunnery School at Laredo Field, Texas, until 2 December 1944.
This was initially located at Colorado Springs, Colorado, but it moved to Guam in March and April 1945 and became part of the Twentieth Air Force.
Stranathan participated in the B-29 air raids on Japan, for which he was warded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal.
Stranathan commanded the 315th Bombardment Wing from 24 October to 21 December 1945, when he became its chief of staff once more, and then from 25 January to 2 April 1946.
He commanded the 308th Bombardment Wing from 1 October to 31 December 1946, and then the 475th Fighter Group from 1 January to 11 June 1947.
Returning to the United States, he attended the National War College, and then was Deputy director of the United States Air Force (USAF) Directorate of Training and Requirements from 23 June to 26 December 1948.
From 17 January 1949 to 2 February 1950, Stranathan was the chief of the Operations and Training Division of the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, with the rank of brigadier general from 13 September 1949.
He became its deputy chief on 3 February 1950, served as the commanding general of its Sandia Base in New Mexico from 12 February to 30 April 1951, and became commander of its Field Command on 1 May 1951.
His final command, in 1959, was commanding general of the Caribbean Air Command from 3 August 1959 to 8 September 1963.
The 2019 Wyre Forest District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of Wyre Forest District Council in Worcestershire, England.
At the previous election, the Conservative Party had control with 21 councillors with the closest party being labour who had 4 councillors.
The Conservatives lost their majority by losing 7 councillors taking their number to 14, while Health Concern and independent councillors made substantial gains while Labour halved their number of councillors from 4 to 2.
He is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
The following is the list of squads that took part in the men's water polo tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
The Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament, also called the SWC Classic, was the conference championship tournament in women's basketball for the Southwest Conference.
Moritz Körner is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
Since 2014, he has been a member of the party's leadership in North Rhine-Westphalia, under the leadership of successive chairmen Christian Lindner (2014-2017) and Joachim Stamp (since 2017).
He is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights and the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.
Svenja Ilona Hahn (born 25 July 1989) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
She studied history and cultural studies at the University of Giessen and, on a scholarship of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, media studies at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
In addition to her commiteee assignments, Hahn is part of the Parliament’s delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
She is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights and the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.
The 2019–20 James Madison Dukes men's basketball team represents James Madison University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Dukes, led by fourth-year head coach Louis Rowe, play their home games at the James Madison University Convocation Center in Harrisonburg, Virginia as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
David Clarkson (March 27, 1795 – June 3, 1867) an American banker who was president of the New York Stock Exchange from 1837 to 1851.
He was the eldest son of eight children born to Gen. Matthew Clarkson and, his second wife, Sally (née Cornell) Clarkson (1762–1803).
Senator John Rutherfurd), he had one half-sister, Mary Rutherfurd Clarkson, who married her cousin Peter Augustus Jay (the eldest son of Chief Justice John Jay).
His father was a Revolutionary War hero who served in the New York State Assembly and Senate and was the 6th President of the Bank of New York.
David Clarkson) and Elisabeth (née French) Clarkson (a direct descendant of Phillip French, the 27th Mayor of New York City) and his uncle, Thomas Streatfeild Clarkson, was the grandfather of Thomas S. Clarkson, the namesake of Clarkson University.
Clarkson served as president of the New York Stock Exchange from 1837 until 1851 when he was succeeded by his vice president, Henry G. Stebbins (later a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 1st district).
An earlier vice president under his presidency was Edward Prime, a son of Nathaniel Prime and partner in Prime, Ward & King.
After his tenure as president of the Exchange, he was chosen as president of the Gallatin Fire Insurance Company, serving practically until his death in 1867.
James Loften Mitchell (April 15, 1919 – May 14, 2001) was a playwright and theatre historian who was part of the black American theatre movement of the 1960s.
Mitchell was born in Columbus, North Carolina, to an African American family, and moved as a young child with his parents to Harlem.
He met performers such as Ethel Waters and George Wiltshire, and encountered racial discrimination at first hand in his everyday life.
As a result, he resolved to work towards presenting positive images of blacks, and providing better work opportunities, in the theatre.
He became a graduate student at Columbia University between 1947 and 1951, studying playwriting, while also working as an investigator for the Department of Welfare.
Norbert Neuser is a German politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party of Germany political party.
A well-known researcher and supporter of the Bulgarian character and origin of the population of Eastern Serbia – up to Belgrade.
Holder of the Serbian Order for the preservation of the literary heritage of the National Library of Serbia during the First World War.
The album features a number of skits and storylines, in which the band's style and music are critiqued and changed to maximize their appeal.
The Doppler parameter, or Doppler broadening parameter, usually denoted as formula_1, is a parameter commonly used in astrophysics to characterize the width of observed spectral lines of astronomical objects.
The Doppler parameters of Lyman-alpha forest absorption lines are in the range 10–100 km s, with a median value around formula_8 that decrease with redshift .
Nehemiah 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 19th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
The part comprising the two chapters (this and the previous one) focus mainly on Ezra; with this chapter recording Ezra’s prayer of repentance for the sake of the people (parallel to Ezra 9–10).
In English Biblesthis chapter is divided into 38 verses, but only 37 verses in Hebrew Bible, with verse 9:38 in English texts numbered as 10:1 in Hebrew texts.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
This part records the prayer of praise and petition offered by the Levites on behalf of the people to appeal for the grace of God.
It is a tradition in the ancient Middle-East that a document (covenant, agreement0 should always be authenticated by a seal or any number of seals.
For example, Babylonian and Assyrian documents were often found ‘stamped with half a dozen seals or more’, which ‘were impressed upon the moist clay, and then the clay was baked’.
Gabriele Bischoff (born 4 January 1961) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament.
She then began studying political science and American studies at the University of Marburg, then moved to the Free University of Berlin, where she graduated with a diploma in political science.
From 2000 to 2005, Bischoff worked as an advisor on social affairs at the Permanent Representation of Germany to the EU in Brussels before moving to the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) in Berlin as special advisor from 2006 to 2008.
From 2008 Bischoff worked for the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB) in Berlin, where she led the trade union's work on European policies.
In that capacity, she was a member of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) in Brussels from 2009 until 2019.
The 2020 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship will be the 126th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887.
He returned to the Legislative Assembly following the 1957 elections as the representative of Safata and became a member of the Executive Council.
As a member of the Legislative Assembly, Solofa participated in the 1960 constitutional convention and was one of the signatories of the constitution.
Circle Surrogacy & Egg Donation has administered over 2,000 successful births which consisted of cases of pre-birth orders, step parents, and second parent adoptions for homosexuals/gay and heterosexual/non-gay (straight) couples or singles, having children through surrogacyand egg donation world-wide.
As one of the leading surrogacy agencies – and the most successful surrogacy agency in the country – Circle Surrogacy carries an audited success rate for intended parents having a baby at 99.3%.
Circle Surrogacy provides services for intended parents & gestational carriers from the application and prescreening process all the way through to post-birth.
As a full-service agency founded by a lawyer, Circle Surrogacy also provides legal services for clients in any of the surrogacy programs that Circle Surrogacy & Egg Donation provides.
The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is a multidisciplinary organization dedicated to the advancement of the science and practice of reproductive medicine.
Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to bear a child for another person or persons, who will become the child's parent after birth.
While this was popularizing, a number of agencies rose, providing surrogacy services for both females and males, regardless of what their sexual preferences or orientation were.
The system is located at a distance of 131 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −13.5 km/s.
The primary member, component Aa, is an F-type main-sequence star that is starting to evolve off the main sequence, with stellar classifications of F7V or F8IV−V, depending on the source.
It is around three billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 8 km/s, with a measured rotation period of 12 days.
The secondary companion to the primary, component Ab, is most likely a red dwarf star with around 29% of the mass of the Sun.
The 2019–20 Miami hurricanes women's basketball team represents the University of Miami during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Hurricanes, led by fifteenth-year head coach Katie Meier, play their home games at the Watsco Center and are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
The Coaches Poll releases a final poll after the NCAA tournament, but the AP Poll does not release a poll at this time.
The team currently competes in the Moto2 World Championship under the name NTS RW Racing GP, in a technical partnership running the factory team for Japanese motorcycle chassis builder NTS.
Roelof Waninge, owner of a Dutch network of commercial vehicle dealerships and workshops headquartered in Assen, originally became invested in motorcycle racing in 1993 as a personal sponsor of Dutch rider Jarno Janssen, who would go on to become RW's team principal after his riding career.
In 2011, the long-standing Dutch 125cc and 250cc team owned by Arie Molenaar came into financial trouble, prompting Waninge to purchase the remaining assets of the team and rename it RW Racing GP.
The team began competing in 2011, taking over the existing 125cc programme from Molenaar, using Aprilia machinery and retaining upcoming Spanish rider Luis Salom.
In 2012 with the replacement of the 125cc class by the new four-stroke Moto3 regulations, the team switched to Kalex-KTM machines, retaining Salom and adding South African rider Brad Binder.
In 2013, former Molenaar team rider Jarno Janssen, who had continued with the team and subsequently with RW in various technical roles after retirement as a racer, was named general team manager.
2014 would prove to be the team's worst season to date, with both riders Scott Deroue and Ana Carrasco failing to score a single point.
2015 saw a major change for the team, with a switch to Honda machinery and a reduction to a single rider, Livio Loi.
Loi managed a win at Indianapolis that season, but managed only one other top 10 finish with a 5th place at Silverstone.
2017 saw another major step for the RW Racing GP team, as they moved up to Moto2 with Spanish rider Axel Pons on Kalex machinery.
For the 2018 season, RW joined forces with new chassis manufacturer NTS to operate their factory programme as the sole users of the NTS chassis.
Despite NTS's relatively quick success in the previous two seasons of the CEV Moto2 European Championship, the challenge of the Moto2 World Championship proved more daunting with RW finishing 16th and 15th from 18 teams in 2018 and 2019 respectively.
Hildegard Bentele (born 9 May 1967) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
From 1997 to 1998 she studied at Sciences Po in Paris and until 1999 at the Otto Suhr Institute of the Free University of Berlin.
In 2002, Bentele joined the Federal Foreign Office and was, among other positions, an advisor on economic affairs and relations to the United States.
Between 2010 and 2013 Bentele worked as a foreign policy advisor to Hans-Peter Friedrich and Gerda Hasselfeldt in their respective capacities as deputy chairs of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the German Parliament, a position for which she was granted leave of absence by the Federal Foreign Office.
During her time in parliament, she served as her group's spokeswoman on European affairs from 2011 until 2016 and later deputy chairwoman under the leadership of Florian Graf.
Lena Düpont (born 30 April 1986) is a German politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany political party.
As a legislative advisor, she worked, among others, for Renate Sommer in Brussels and then for Ewa Klamt, Eckhard Pols and Ingrid Pahlmann in Berlin.
In addition to her committee assignments, she is part of the Parliament's delegation to the EU-Montenegro Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary Committee.
Christine Schneider (born 5 June 1972) is a German carpenter and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
In that capacity, she chaired the Committee on Agriculture from 2006 until 2016 and served as deputy chairwoman of her parliamentary group from 2016 until 2019, under the leadership of chairman Christian Baldauf.
She has since been serving on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality.
Marion Walsmann ( Schau, born 17 March 1963) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
As part of a 2008 cabinet reshuffle, Walsmann was appointed State Minister of Justice under Minister-President Dieter Althaus, replacing Harald Schliemann, who left the office due to illness.
In December 2010, she took over as Head of the State Chancellery and as State Minister for European Affairs in another cabinet reshuffle.
Walsmann has been a Member of the European Parliament since the 2019 European elections, making her the only representative of Thuringia.
Stefan Berger (born 15 September 1969) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
On the national level, Berger was a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2010.
In 1923, a Tulsa-native businessman and philanthropist, Earl Palmer Harwell and his wife Mary built the Collegiate Gothic and English Tudor styled mansion, named Harwelden.
Following the deaths of Harwell in 1950 and his wife's in 1967, the mansion was donated to the Arts Council of Tulsa.
When the house was left to the Arts and Humanities Council, it included staircase runners and living room rug, all of the original lighting fixtures, and selected furniture and draperies, while most furnishings were bequeathed to relatives.
The mansion served as a headquarter for Arts Council of Tulsa and its governing body, ahha Tulsa from 1969 to 2012.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
Niclas Herbst (born 28 February 1973) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
From 2005 to 2012, Herbst served as a member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein, where he was, among other things, deputy chair of the Committee on European Affairs.
In addition to his committee assignments, he was a member of the European Committee of the Regions from 2010 to 2012.
In addition to his committee assignments, he is part of the Parliament's delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly and the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.
The Salvadoran Armed Forces toppled the government of the democratically elected President, Arturo Araujo, the candidate of the Salvadoran Labor Party.
The final straw for the coup was an attempt to reduce the military budget which was met by heavy resistance by military officers.
With the government being unable to pay wages to military officers, the army staged the coup to remove Arturo Araujo’s administration.
The military officers established a Directory as a provisional government generally led by General and former Vice President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez and Colonel Osmín Aguirre y Salinas.
The coup led to the subsequent 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre where Feliciano Ama and Farabundo Martí lead poor Salvadoran peasants in a communist rebellion against Martínez’s government leading to 25,000 deaths.
Ralf Seekatz (born 9 May 1967) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
From 2006 to 2019 Seekatz was as a member of the [Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate, where he served on the Committee on Internal Affairs and as a full member of the Committee on European Affairs.
Erik Marquardt is a German politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Alliance 90/The Greens political party.
Romeo Franz is a German musician, human rights activist and politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
In addition to his committee assignments, Franz is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights and the European Parliament Anti-Racism and Diversity Intergroup.
Jutta Paulus ( Wege, born 9 May 1967) is a German pharmacist and politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament for Alliance 90/The Greens since 2019.
Following the 2016 state elections in Rhineland-Palatinate, she was part of her party's delegation in the negotiations on a coalition government under Minister-President Malu Dreyer.
Hannah Neumann (born 3 April 1984) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
Neumann studied media studies at TU Ilmenau from 2002 until 2007 and political science at Free University of Berlin from 2008 until 2012.
Neumann worked as legislative assistant to Tom Koenigs (2013-2014) and as chief of staff to Omid Nouripour (2014-2016) in the German Bundestag.
In addition to her commiteee assignments, she chairs the Parliament’s delegation for relations with the Arab Peninsula and is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights.
Anna Katrin Cavazzini (born 12 December 1982) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
She later completed a Master's degree in International Relations at the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University of Berlin in 2009.
During this time she was seconded to the United Nations in New York for one year and worked as an advisor to the 70th President of the United Nations General Assembly, Mogens Lykketoft, from 2015 until 2016.
After moving back to Berlin, Cavazzini worked as advisor on trade policy at Campact from 2016 until 2017 and human rights at Brot für die Welt in Berlin from 2017 until 2019.
In addition to her commiteee assignments, she is part of the Parliament’s delegations for relations with Brazil and to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly.
Katrin Langensiepen (born 10 October 1979) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
It is a production inspired by the track by the same name by Colombian producers Dayvi y Víctor Cárdenas and which has become a viral phenomenon in Latin America.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
Established on over of land, there are five multi-storeyed buildings, one twelve-storied building, two eight-storied building, in addition to various other buildings in the compound.
Although a church already stood in the same Milanese location since before the year 1105, the present church of Santa Maria alla Porta was erected in 1652 under Spanish rule.
The road facing the church, via Santa Maria alla Porta, was part of the decumanus (the east/west oriented road) that led from San Sepolcro Square to Porta Vercellina.
It would have served as a minor church, though, since it was neither a Decuman church nor the place of litanies.
Landolfo in the same work reported that on May 7, 1105, during the demolition of the pre-existing church, precious relics were discovered, among which were a part of Jesus’ burial clothes and his Holy Shroud, a piece of the stone on which the angel who announced the resurrection was seated, a splinter of the Holy Cross, and a fragment of Mary's dress.
Little would be known about the appearance of the church before Richini's reconstruction if it were not for its description, including the building plan, which can be found in documents of Federico Borromeo's pastoral visit in 1605.
The facade was finally restored in 1856, after the completion of the restoration of the building, the floors with the burial sites underneath, and the surrounding spaces that parish priest, Alberto De Capitani d'Arzago had started in 1854.
The first on the list is Marco Azzoni, active around 1450, but actually, Maffeo Monza, active priest from 1536 to 1574, was the first priest with confirmed dates of activity.
Barely visible from the street is a small dome that covers the church, perhaps made by Girolamo Quadrio and that hosts, in the carved-out niches, four statues of angels by Giuseppe Vismara and Simonetta, sculpted in 1662.
The single nave is not very wide and has four side chapels adorned with white marble statues; the altar of Magdalene is decorated by Stefano Sampietro; in the sacristy is the work by Camillo Procaccini (rarely visible because of the infrequent openings of the church).
Even now, holes and chips caused from shrapnel are visible on the exterior and the red granite columns, leaving the high-relief of the Simonetta extensively damaged and mutilated in some of its protruding parts.
Only some scattered ruins to the right of the church remain of the shrine today, which were restored as part of a three-year project, which was completed in November 2015.
During the renovation of the street Via Santa Maria alla Porta, the original marble floor was also found, but it was covered again for the lack of necessary funds.
The two 19th-century central statues of angels set atop the tympanum and the statues set in the two niches of the second order that are visible in some photographs at the beginning of the 20th century are also missing.
Santa Maria alla Porta is chantry for the Polish-speaking parishioners as shown on a plaque located at the side of the entrance.
In the parish of Santa Maria alla Porta, Holy Mass is celebrated in Italian (functions by the parish community, near the parish office in Santa Maria della Consolazione at the Sforzesco Castle), in Latin (functions by the community of ancient Ambrosian rite near Santa Maria della Consolazione at the Sforzesco Castle) and in Polish (functions by the Polish community, near the church of Santa Maria alla Porta).
Diving events at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held in New Clark City Aquatics Center, in Capas, Philippines from 6 to 7 December 2019.
Anna Deparnay-Grunenberg is a German politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Alliance 90/The Greens political party.
Alexandra Geese (born 1 July 1968) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
Sergey Lagodinsky (born 1 December 1975) is a German lawyer and politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
Lagodinsky holds a law degree from the University of Göttingen and a master’s degree in public administration from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government.
From 2003 to 2008, Lagodinsky served as program director, and later as an advisor to the managing director, at the Berlin office of the American Jewish Committee (AJC).
In 2008 and 2009 he was a Fellow at the Stiftung Neue Verantwortung in Berlin and in 2010 he was a Yale World Fellow in New Haven.
During that time, he was the founder and speaker of the party's Jewish Caucus (AJS), a position he held from 2007 until 2011.
In addition to his commiteee assignments, he is part of the Parliament’s delegations to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee and to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly.
Michael Bloss (born 6 November 1986) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
Rasmus Andresen (born 20 February 1986) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
He is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights and the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.
Soon it will be Christmas, but without the cow and its milk, it is going to be a very sad one.
He believes that god has send him this Christmas present and he can keep the calf, but his father says it may belong to someone and wants to find out to whom.
Ericsson helped the barkeeper to put the calf into a bag so the barkeeper was able to take it home with him on his carriage.
When he suddenly heard a terrible roar from the calf, he believed that this was the devil and threw the calf off the wagon.
It provides information about the harsh realities of the daily life on a farm in Sweden, telling of the gap between the poor and the rich, the traditions of the farmers, as well as of love, hope and the belief in miracles.
Niklas Nienaß (born 14 April 1992) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
In addition to his committee assignments, he is part of the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.
The series features Hanna-Barbera characters including Yogi Bear, Boo-Boo Bear, Augie Doggie, Doggie Daddy, Jabberjaw, Captain Caveman, and a host of others living in the town of Jellystone — where they can't help but make trouble for one another.
director Careen Ingle and with Former Harvey Beaks Writer and Storyboard Artist Hannah Ayoubi also according to her Tumblr this show has been in early development for at least a Year and a half.
Annemarie Pawlik (1 June 1938 – 9 May 2019) was an Austrian politician who was a member of the National Council in 1990.
From 6 June until 4 November 1990 she was a member of the Austrian National Council, representing the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ).
Rami Hashish (born November 12, 1983) is the founder of the National Biomechanics Institute, and serves as a testifying expert in the field of biomechanics in United States and Canadian courts.
Hashish specializes in determining injury causation and mitigation across a variety of settings, including, motor vehicle accidents, slip, trip, & fall events, workplace environments, and athletic participation.
In addition to his role as a testifying expert, Hashish serves on the committee for the Abbreviated Injury Scale as part of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine has consulted for Investigation Discovery, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, the Association for Southern California Defense Counsel, the Consumer Association of Los Angeles, and the Judge Advocate General's School of the United States Air Force, among others.
Following his bachelor's degree, Hashish went on to pursue his Doctorate of Physical Therapy from the University of Washington School of Medicine, followed by his PhD in Biokinesiology, with an emphasis in Biomechanics from the University of Southern California.
His thesis was on the influence of footwear on lower-extremity injury; this work has been published in numerous scientific journals and conference proceedings.
During his graduate work, Hashish also conducted computational studies on the foot using magnetic resonance imaging, and examined the biomechanics of yoga, inverse dynamics modeling techniques for the foot, and clinical evaluation techniques for balance in older adults.
Whilst a PhD candidate, Hashish served as medical expert, and contributing columnist for Runner's World and regularly contributed to The Huffington Post.
Following his PhD, Hashish served as the Director of Rehabilitation Medicine at UrbanMed in Los Angeles, California before joining Exponent as a Senior Consultant in Biomechanics.
Recent peer-reviewed manuscripts authored by Hashish include an examination of the frequency of spinal injuries from motor vehicle collisions, as well an analysis of the severity required in a motor vehicle collision to elicit airbag deployment.
He was appointed the apostolic exarch of the Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Venezuela by Pope Francis on December 20, 2019.
He has served as rector of the minor seminary of the Aleppian order, as pastor of the Kib-Elias church and rector of the church of Notre-Dame-de-Zahle.
Later he was appointed secretary of the eparchial presbyteral council of Zahle and a member of the eparchial committee for vocations.
In 2007 he became Superior of the Convent of the Most Holy Saviour in Sarba and, from 2011 to 2019 he was Superior of the Convent of Saint George in Bmakine, Souk El-Gharb.
On Friday, December 20, 2019, he was appointed by Pope Francis to serve as Apostolic Exarch for Greek-Melkite faithful residing in Venezuela, following the retirement of the former exarch Georges Kahhalé Zouhaïraty.
At the same time, he was appointed to serve also as Apostolic Administrator of the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nuestra Señora del Paraíso in Mexico City, succeeding the American-born bishop Nicholas Samra.
United Graffiti Artists (aka UGA) was an early American graffiti artists collective, founded in 1972 by Hugo Martinez in New York City.
Martinez, then a student activist at City College of New York, organized a group of teenagers who had been tagging the subways into a loose collective, formalizing their work and paving the way for commercialization.
According to some sources, the artists of UGA elevated the profile of graffiti, bringing it from the subways and the streets to art galleries and studios.
The novel, posthumously published by Michael Joseph following the author's death the previous year, was shortlisted for the 1976 Booker Prize.
Hutchinson was writing the novel's final section when he died, and an outline of the conclusion, based on his notes, was included in a postscript written by his widow.
Sabino, who is famed for his brutality, is diverted from his mission by the pursuit of a doctor, Papac, whom he wrongly blames for being spurned by a former lover.
Gaetano Manfredi (born 4 January 1964) is an Italian university professor who has served as the Minister of University and Research in the second government of Giuseppe Conte.
It has an area of , its length north to south is about , and its east-west extent varies between and .
Warir has long been used for cultivation, and it has been important for the people of Samate and Kalobo villages of Salawati.
For about a year during World War II, the island was inhabited by the people of Samate who had fled the Japanese occupation of their village.
To the west of Warir is the narrow and long Lenna Strait (, width ranging between 0.5 and 1.1 km), which separates it from the mainland of Salawati, where the village of Kalobo is located facing Warir across the strait.
At the south shore of Warir, narrow creeks separate it from the three smaller islands of Warir Manyanyim (with an area of 0.3km), Warir Takektol (0.8km), an unnamed island with an area of 0.45km.
In 1119 he was the chancellor of the Prince of Galilee and by 1121 he was a canon of the archdiocese of Nazareth.
According to one modern editor, the dedication was in fact to a count of Toulouse, probably Count Raymond V, and was made later, in 1148, during the Second Crusade.
It is probable that in this famous passage Fretellus has simply combined his Biblical geography (Judaea) with the name of the former Arab province (Filasṭīn).
This is a list of African-American newspapers that have been published in the state of California, including both historical and contemporary publications.
Although the number of African Americans in California did not exceed 1,100 until the 20th century, seven African-American newspapers were established in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 19th century.
The Northern California region takes up the northern two-thirds of the state, including the Central Valley and San Francisco Bay Area.
The Southern California region takes up the southern third of the state, and includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, San Diego, and the Inland Empire region.
Ulf Eskil Erik Sundberg, PhD, (born 29 September 1956) is a Swedish economist, historian and author of books and magazine articles.
He was created Doctor of Philosophy at Åbo Academy in 2018 on a thesis addressing the loss of the Swedish Empire early in the 18th century.
Sundberg is especially skeptical in that book about the inadequate circumstances under which his country’s many outlying fortifications were positioned and maintained, as well as about the plannning, construction and remodeling of them by Erik Dahlberg under King Carl XI.
On a broader field, one of his more noted books is also about the families and relatives of Swedish royalty, including mistresses and extramarital offspring.
Federico D'Incà (born 10 February 1976) is an Italian politician who is a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Five Star Movement.
P. Lindegaard then continued the company alone until he was joined by L. P. Larsen (1838-1905) and H. P. C. Haxthausen (1850-1922) as partners in 1889.
During the occupation of Denmark, early in the morning on 3 February 1945, C. F. Riedel & Lindegaard's Machine Factory was subject to sabotage by members of the Danish Resistance Movement.
The Master Thief is a mystery play based on a story by Richard Washburn Child, dramatized by playwright E. E. Rose.
Francis X. Bushman and Beverly Bayne, who married in 1918, successfully toured the production for eight months, from at least October 1919 until July 1920, produced by Oliver Morosco.
Admission charged at Sacramento, California, probably typical of the era, was 50 cents and one dollar for a matinee, and a dollar and $1.50 for evening performances.
The play originally opened in New York City, in the Bronx, and the production was not intended to tour, but an actor’s strike sent the show on the road and extended Bushman’s involvement with Morosco.
The Seattle writer also noted the irony of Bushman and Bayne portraying a particularly orthodox couple in the play, in light of the scandal two years prior when the duo’s affair became public before Bushman had secured a divorce.
Noorani family is a term used to refer to the immediate family of the Imām of the Nizari Ismāʿīli Shia Muslims, commonly known by the title of Aga Khan.
The Tabuleiro da Baiana, as it was popularly known, was a public transportation terminal on Avenida Almirante Barroso, inaugurated in 1930 as part of the plan of reurbanization of the Largo da Lapa implemented during the management of Henrique Dodsworth, the federal comptroller of the City of Rio de Janeiro from 1937 to 1945.
The enormous rectangular structure made of reinforced concrete was popularly nicknamed the Tabuleiro da Baiana (tray of the Bahian) because of its tabular shape that was reminiscent of the small tables used by Bahians to sell their delicacies.
Located on a stretch between Avenida Treze de Maio and Rua Senador Dantas, the roof served as the final point for the tram lines coming from the South Zone of the city.
It is the first novel in The Eschaton Sequence, which is about the adventures of Dan Dannerman, an American government agent of the near future who becomes involved with the discovery of advanced and warring aliens.
The novel is about Dannerman and a small group of people who explore an abandoned space station, only to find themselves abducted by aliens who use them for experiments.
The novel is set in the near future, in a world in which the United States is struggling with many problems, including weapons of mass destruction, ecological damage, crime and hyperinflation.
Adcock recruits pilots Jimmy Lin and Martin Delasquez, an elderly astronomer (Rosaleen Artzybachova), and close protection agent Dan Dannerman (who is actually a government secret agent).
The humans then learn that they are just copies of their old bodies; their real bodies were sent back to the Earth with wiped memories.
The Epiphany proclamation is a summary of liturgical dates announced (sometimes sung) annually by a priest, deacon, or other Christian minister on the Feast of Epiphany, the celebration of the manifestation of Jesus Christ to the nations.
The announcement of the date of Easter is an ancient practice, with a fuller list of dates prescribed in the modern Roman Missal.
The practice is found principally in the Roman Catholic Church, but is also observed in some parishes of other western rite denominations, including the Anglican Communion and Lutheran churches.
This tradition dated from a time when calendars were not readily available, and the church needed to publicize the date of Easter, since many celebrations of the liturgical year depend on it.
According to the Roman Missal, the proclamation may be sung or proclaimed at the ambo by a priest, deacon, cantor, or reader, either after the reading of the Gospel or after the postcommunion prayer.
The Missal provides a formula with appropriate chant (in the same tone as the Exsultet) for proclaiming on Epiphany, wherever it is customary to do so, the dates in the calendar for the celebration of Ash Wednesday, Easter Sunday, Ascension Day, Pentecost, Corpus Christi, and the Advent Sunday, that will mark the following liturgical year.
In many parts of the world the Epiphany proclamation fell into disuse during the latter twentieth century, but some sources suggest a notable revival of its use in the early years of the twenty-first century.
The New Liberal Party is a libertarian political party in Israel, established in 2019 by former members of Zehut, including Libby Molad, Boaz Arad, Yaron Lerman, and Rafael Minnes.
Members of the party have been in talks with New Right leader Naftali Bennett to discuss a potential alliance for the 2020 Israeli legislative election, though a source has indicated the party would be given one realistic slot on the New Rights' electoral list.
It was rebranded from Quadro Vehicles to Qooder, and in 2019 it entered the US-market with its Qooder brand under the subsidiary Qooder USA.
In 2020 it incorporated an electronic version of the HTS, known as E-HTS, which locks the tilting while the vehicle is stopped or parked to allow riders to keep their feet up while stopped.
The QV3 is a motorized tricycle similar to a motorcycle, only with two wheels in the front and one wheel in the rear.
After graduating from high school, Quiggle enlisted in the U.S. Navy on 12 September 1924 and received an honorable discharge on 17 June 1926.
Quiggle′s first tour after graduation was aboard the battleship based at San Pedro, California, which conducted training operations while he was on board.
In September 1931 he transferred to the battleship in the United States Pacific Fleet, which took part in Fleet Problems during his tour.
Thereafter she was based at San Pedro as a unit of Cruiser Division Seven and took part in a Fleet Problem each year.
In February 1942, Quiggle became aide to the Chief of Naval Operations, first Admiral Harold R. Stark and from 2 March 1942 Admiral Ernest J.
He left this position in April 1942 and in May 1942 took command of the destroyer , which performed convoy escort and antisubmarine warfare operations in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea under his command.
From May 1944 to June 1945, Quiggle performed duties at the Bureau of Ordnance in the U.S. Department of the Navy.
During his tour there, he received a promotion to the permanent rank of captain on 1 January 1948, with the permanent rank dating to 1 March 1946.
In September 1948, he became the commander of Destroyer Division 152, and in April 1949 he took command of Destroyer Division 32.
In November 1949 he began a tour as Head of the Atlantic, European, and Middle East Section of the Strategic Plans Division in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.
Quiggle returned to sea in February 1953 when he became commanding officer of , the flagship of Commander, Amphibious Ready Group Two, United States Atlantic Fleet.
In October 1953 he began a tour with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as executive officer of the Plans and Operations Division on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe.
He left that position in December 1955, and in February 1956 he took command of Transport Amphibious Squadron Eight, with the attack transport as his flagship.
He was assigned to the Joint Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Far East, in March 1957 and in July 1957 he became Deputy Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, Commander, United States Forces Japan.
In July 1958, Quiggle was aboard the ocean liner with his wife Anne on his way from Tokyo to California to take up duties as the commander of Amphibious Group 1 at San Diego when Anne Quiggle reported him missing from the ship.
Passengers aboard the liner told the press that Quiggle had acted peculiarly during the voyage and also conveyed the story of Quiggle′s statement to his wife.
U.S. Navy personnel from the 12th Naval District immediately launched an investigation into Quiggle′s disappearance and Anne Quiggle reportedly denied that her husband had told her she would be better off as a widow before he vanished.
He represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw F13 event.
Sandra Zampa (born 16 May 1956) is an Italian politician who sat in the Chamber of Deputies for the Democratic Party.
Ambrose St John (1760-1822) of Prior Park, Berkshire and The Close, Winchester, Hampshire, was a Member of Parliament for Callington in Cornwall and was Lt-Col Commandant of the Supply Militia of Worcestershire.
St Andrew St John (1732-1795), Dean of Worcester Cathedral, the second son of John St John, 11th Baron St John of Bletso.
Her mother was Arabella Williams (died 1797), daughter and eventual heiress of Thomas Williams (died 1792) of Edwinsford, Llandeilo, and of Court Derllys, both in Carmarthenshire.
The Eschaton Sequence is about the adventures of Dan Dannerman, an American government agent of the near future who becomes involved with the discovery of advanced and warring aliens.
The novel is set in the near future, in a world in which the United States is struggling with many problems, including weapons of mass destruction, ecological damage, crime and hyperinflation.
Then the aliens warn that there will soon be an invasion by the Beloved Leaders, and perhaps an invasion of the Horch too.
The film centres on Alex Girard (Robin L'Houmeau), a young junior hockey player in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec who is struggling with whether to come out as gay to his teammates.
Luther Tucker (May 7, 1802 in Brandon, Vermont to January, 26, 1873 in Albany, New York) was a publisher of farm journals in Rochester and Albany, New York.
The disposition to follow where ever truth leads, in defiance of preconceived opinions or prejudices, is becoming general, and, if tempered by caution and directed by knowledge, cannot fail to be productive of the happiest of results.
The beneficial influence of this state of things is most apparent in the pursuits of Education and Agriculture...As the farming body ... has been intellectual and intelligent ... in exact proportion ... has been the march of national wealth and civilized society.
The song became an early success for the band, charting in numerous radio stations and becoming one of the band's staple hits.
Rico Blanco wrote the song when he was 18 and first performed the song in public during one of his early auditions.
He moved to the Union La Rochelle in the french NM1 league, He averaged 10.67 points in his only season at the club.
The couple moved to Granada, Nicaragua, where Molina served as a battalion doctor until 1911; they returned to Guatemala in 1814.
She is said to have travelled the streets of Guatemala City on the eve of September 15, accompanied by Basilio Porras, to garner support for independence.
On September 15, 1821, while nobility gathered to debate the issue of independence, Bedoya led a celebration among a crowd of advocates outside the palace.
With music, fireworks, and a lively crowd, Bedoya's celebration is said to have spurred on the decision to sign for independence, as those inside the palace heard their noises and feared being attacked by the group.
As a tribute, in part, to her role in garnering support for independence, and to commemorate Independence Day, people in Guatemala parade through the streets on September 14 of each year.
In 1983, on the 200th anniversary of her birth, a statue of Bedoya was erected outside of a school named in her honour in Guatemala City.
Units 3 and 4 remain in operation, but are running at very low capacity (under 25%) due to sluggish demand for electricity and lower-cost alternative sources.
The church of the Santissima Annunziata is a baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located on piazzale Oddo Valeriani in the town of Casperia, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
Construction of the present church, at the site of an earlier structure, began in 1609 and was not completed until 1661, under the patronage of Girolamo Saraceni.
A Democrat, he is the 25th and current Mayor of the City of Jamestown, New York, serving since January 1, 2020.
On November 6, 2019, he was elected mayor of Jamestown, New York with 49.8% of the vote, defeating Republican Dave Wilfong and Libertarian Andrew Liuzzo.
Sexual abuse was addressed with groundbreaking work around 'Good Touch, Bad Touch' created by Cordelia Anderson (then Kent) in collaboration with Hennepin County to help reduce the incidence of child sexual abuse.
The Bush Foundation, the McKnight Foundation, the St. Paul Foundation, United Way, the Gannett Foundation and others provided partial funding for those activities, helping to make the Twin Cities an internationally-recognized center of programming by and for children.
In the 2000s they pioneered a peer-education program for high school students, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Arts.
In the mid 1980s, Illusion moved from a warehouse space on Washington Avenue in downtown Minneapolis to their current location, in the Hennepin Center for the Arts on Hennepin Avenue.
Some of the playwrights who launched their work in Fresh Ink include Dane Stauffer, Jeffrey Hatcher, Marion McClinton and Ping Chong.
Illusion Theater's mainstage productions are almost exclusively original work, usually by Twin Cities artists—often works that have been nurtured in its Fresh Ink process.
Some artists return to Illusion Theater regularly, including Miss Richfield 1981 who explores gender identity through humor, and appears on Illusion's stage most years.
Illusion's production range from full musicals to noir dramas to comedies, all in the service of illuminating the illusions of the human condition.
He was educated at the City of Basel Music Academy, and taught at the Swiss Jazz School in Bern from 1975 to 2011.
Fountain's father, who was in the army at the time, was told he must leave his wife up north while stationed in the American South, which he refused to accept.
Fountain holds a Bachelor's degree in Anthropology and Women's Studies from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a PhD in Cultural Anthropology from New York's The New School.
Fountain has been working in LGBTQ+ movement since the 1980s, when she began as a participant in street demonstrations alongside other queer activists.
Her current post as of 2019, which she's occupied for several years, is Chief Operating Officer of the Center on Halsted, the Midwest's largest LGBTQ+ community center, located in Chicago, Illinois.
In addition to her jobs and lectures, Fountain has participated in activism activities such as the AIDS Run & Walk Chicago, A Love Letter to Myself: A Chicago Variety Show promoting self-acceptance and empowerment, and storytelling events in honor of Sexual Assault Awareness Month.
The team was in the UCI Continental category from 2015 to 2016 then up to UCI Professional Continental from 2017 till 2019.
The 37th AVN Awards was a pornography award show recognizing the best actresses, actors, directors and films in the adult industry in 2019.
Female performer of the year is won by Angela White, this is her 3rd consecutive AVN female performer of the year award.
He represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won one of the gold medals in the men's 100 metre breaststroke SB13 event.
Emanuela Claudia Del Re (born 6 December 1963 ) is an Italian politician from the Five Star Movement who has been a deputy minister for foreign affairs and international cooperation in the Conte I and Conte II governments.
Santa Maria in Legarano is a Roman Catholic church, located in the frazione of Legarano north of the town of Casperia, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The entrance to the church is striking because it is approached by a long external stone staircase rising to a 16th-century sculpted portal in a wall.
No publisher accepted, and instead Shiga self-published, posting out comics that he printed with a Risograph printer, as well as publishing the comic online as a webcomic.
After the death of his wife and daughter in a collision with a drunk truck driver, Jimmy Yee attempts suicide but instead of dying, he finds himself in the adjacent hotel room.
Other components, such as a PKI (Active Directory Certificate Services, DogTag, OpenSSL) service and DNS (Windows DNS or BIND) may also be included on the same server or on another domain-joined server.
In a Windows environment, one domain controller services as the Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and all other servers promoted to domain controller status in the domain server as a Backup Domain Controller (BDC).
In Unix-based environments, one machine serves as the master domain controller and others serve as replica domain controllers, periodically replicating database information from the main domain controller and storing it in a read-only format.
Karrie is an English and Swedish feminine given name that is an alternate form of Carrie and a diminutive form of Caroline and Carol.
The Idaho Falls Airport Historic District is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
It includes an aircraft hangar, an administrator or caretaker's cabin, and a beacon tower, as well as a surrounding landscaped area.
Santa Caterina d'Alessandria is a small Roman Catholic church, located in the town of Roccantica, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The simple structure is most notable for the interior frescoes depicting the life of St Catherine, painted by Pietro Coleberti of Priverno.
The paintings are dated 1 June 1430, and the patron is noted to be Armellao di Esculo de’ Bastoni, who was named master of the castle by Pope Martin V in 1427.
Along with the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the club also competed in the Campeonato Mineiro, the Copa do Brasil and the Copa Libertadores.
After a strong start to the season – which included a 21-game unbeaten streak, a solid performance in the Copa Libertadores group stage and a Campeonato Mineiro title over city rivals Atlético Mineiro –, Cruzeiro was largely appointed as a major contender for the 2019 national and international competitions titles.
However, the team had a sharp drop in yeld from May, causing them to the fight against relegation since the early rounds of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.
On 26 May, corruption and mismanagement scandals envolving the Cruzeiro's board were revealed by the Rede Globo program Fantástico, causing huge repercussions inside and outside the club.
Police investigations, financial difficulties and political unstability would be a constant throughout the year at Cruzeiro, leading to a devastating crisis that ended up affecting the team's performance on the pitch.
On July 30, Cruzeiro were knocked out of Copa Libertadores on penalties to River Plate in the round of 16 stage, after a 0-0 tie on aggregate.
On 7 August, following a run of bad results – having the team won just 1 of 18 matches –, Cruzeiro announced the departure of manager Mano Menezes, ending a more than three years spell in the club.
Incapable of improving the team's performance, Abel Braga left Cruzeiro on 29 November, having only achieved 3 wins in 14 games.
On the same day, Adilson Batista was announced as the manager for the last three rounds of the championship, taking the team in 17th position in the table.
In financial, technical and political collapse, Cruzeiro were relegated to Campeonato Brasileiro Série B for the first time in their history on 8 December, after a 2-0 loss to Palmeiras at Mineirão.
As Cruzeiro participated in the 2019 Copa Libertadores, the club entered the Copa do Brasil in the round of 16, whose draw was held on 2 May.
During 1913, piles were driven for the new temporary Ladner dock, and the province and municipalities upgraded or built the approach and connecting roads on both sides.
Strategic to their proposed Lulu Island branch line, the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR), specified a Steveston terminal for their planned Vancouver Island ferry service.
Revised to Woodward's Landing, CNoR acquired 250 acres for five miles of siding and a three-track slip capable of handling the largest ferries (150 feet).
That December, when the ferry struck a sand bar in heavy fog, damaging the paddlewheel, the trip across took four hours and the bus ran out of fuel, stranding the passengers at Woodward's Landing.
The vessel unsuited to heavy traffic, because it loaded from the sides, increasing the risk of damage to vehicles, was replaced in 1926–27.
When tendered in 1932, three bids required no subsidy to operate the ferry, while Mr. Robson, the private operator for the prior six years, offered to pay $1,800 per annum.
The Ladner landing, on a side channel, experienced ongoing silting that required periodical dredging, and at times grounded the ferry in mid-summer.
Sameeh Issa E. Batarseh is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Central Florida.
Batarseh got his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1990 and prior to it, got his B.S.
Sailors, particularly French sailors, often refer to a 100% jib as a Solent, because its smaller size is preferable when sailing in the strong winds found in the Solent between the Isle of Wight and Britain.
The common use of roller-furling headsails, or genoas, on modern cruising yachts allows the jib to be reduced in size, but partially-furled sails lack the efficiency of a sail that is actually cut to a smaller size.
On a sloop, there is a single forestay that runs from the top of the mast forward to the prow, and in addition to bracing the mast it provides a firm support to which a jib can be attached.
When this forestay is covered with a roller-furling jib, which cannot be quickly removed, it becomes impossible to attach a different sail to the same stay.
When needed to hold the solent sail, the stay is attached to a point just behind the forestay, where it is tensioned with a tackle or a Highfield lever.
When not in use, it must be moved out of the way to allow the genoa to be deployed and tacked from side to side.
It may be detached and secured just in front of the mast, or led to one side and fastened next to the shrouds.
A solent rig is different from a cutter rig, although a solent may serve the same purpose as the staysail on a cutter.
A solent stay serves essentially as an alternative forestay when a roller-fuller prevents raising a different sail on the same line.
On a cutter, the staysail stay is parallel to the forestay, but a significant distance behind and below it, allowing sails to be flown from both the forestay and the staysail stay at the same time.
Since a staysail on a cutter does not run all the way to the mast-top, it may cause bend in the mast unless the pull is balanced by a running backstay.
Besides setting a solent sail as a 100% jib, it is possible to reef such a jib, or to set a storm sail on the solent stay.
A native of Tyronza, Arkansas, Wade played college football at Clemson University as a linebacker from 1950 to 1952 for head coach Frank Howard.
La Quiaca River (), also known as Villazón River, is a river of reduced flow on the border between Argentina and Bolivia.
It is highly contaminated in its passage through the cities of La Quiaca and Villazón, on its right and left margins, respectively.
Between these two cities, across the river, is the Horacio Guzmán International Bridge, which is the only step enabled between the Argentine province of Jujuy and the Potosí Department.
It flows into the San Juan del Oro River which in turn joins the Cotagaita River to form the Camblaya River which with the name of Pilaya River ends at the Pilcomayo River.
The trail runs from 20th Street to 24th Street along First Avenue South and connects two major downtown areas: the 19-acre Railroad Park on one side, and Sloss Furnaces, a National Historic Landmark, on the other side.
The Rotary Club contributed to the project with a $2.5 million commitment to a major public project in recognition of their centennial year in 2013.
In addition to the major gift from the Rotary Club, the City of Birmingham contributed $2 million from a 2012 federal TIGER grant for drainage, streetscape and infrastructure improvements to enhance the project.
Additional funding came from the Freshwater Land Trust, the Jefferson County Department of Health, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Community Foundation of Greater Birmingham, the Goodrich Foundation, the Susan Mott Webb Foundation, the Alabama Department of Transportation, Alabama Power, and CSX.
The 2019–20 North Carolina Central Eagles men's basketball team represent North Carolina Central University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Eagles, led by 11th-year head coach LeVelle Moton, play their home games at McDougald–McLendon Gymnasium in Durham, North Carolina as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
In the MEAC Tournament, they defeated Delaware State in the quarterfinals, North Carolina A&T in the semifinals, advancing to the championship game against top-seeded Norfolk State, upsetting the Spartans, winning the MEAC's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament for the third consecutive year.
He used biological control measures and also tried to restrict the expansion of the moth by intensive management along a 9000 square mile barrier belt surrounding the area affected by the moths in New Jersey.
Burgess was born in Rockland, Massachusetts, where he went to local schools before graduating from the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1895.
After a master's degree in 1897 he went to work as an assistant entomologist in the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture.
The MacDonald River is a tributary of the east bank of the Métabetchouane River, flowing in the municipalities of Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix and Desbiens, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the MacDonald River (except the rapids) is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.
The MacDonald River originates at the confluence of two agricultural and forestry streams, located west of Chemin du 4e rang de Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix.
From the confluence of the MacDonald River, the current crosses northwest to Métabetchouane harbor, to the south shore of lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then borrows the course of the Saguenay River via la Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Christopher John Campbell is a British diplomat who has served as the Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Dominican Republic since 2015.
In 1984, he moved to the Secretary of State's Private Office and the next year was placed to the UK Embassy in Khartoum as an economist.
John Starcevic, known by the stage name John Stark, is a Canadian stage actor and producer most noted for his long-running one-man show which he performed in character as writer Stephen Leacock.
Originally from Rossland, British Columbia, he is an alumnus of Simon Fraser University, He began performing as Leacock in the 1970s, and toured the show extensively throughout Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom.
His show was also filmed for broadcast by CBC Television and PBS; his performance at the National Arts Centre was recorded for release on Tapestry Records in 1981, and received a Juno Award nomination for Comedy Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 1982.
In the 1980s Stark moved into film production, trying for over ten years to produce a historical drama film about the Doukhobors.
Flash floods occurred throughout the Indonesian capital of Jakarta and its metropolitan area on the early hours of 1 January 2020, due to the overnight rain which dumped nearly of rainwater, causing the Ciliwung and Cisadane rivers to overflow.
Floods have hit Jakarta several times in the past, including in 1621, 1654, 1918, 1942, 1976, 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2013.
A significant contributing factor is that a substantial part of Jakarta is low-lying; some 24,000 ha (240 km) of the main part of Jakarta are below sea level.
When this happens, the high tides push water into low-lying areas coinciding with the runoff from rains in upland areas (such as Bogor) flowing down into the Jakarta area.
Uncontrolled population growth in urban areas, poor land-use planning, and the lack of understanding among city residents and government about floods and its disaster risk exacerbate the impact.
From 18:30 WIB (11:00 UTC, WIB is UTC+07:00) on 1 January until 12:00 WIB (05:00 UTC) on 2 January, the government temporarily waived all toll road fees in Jakarta.
According to Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), more rain with thunderstorm and heavy winds is expected in the next three to seven days, which is likely to exacerbate the current flooding situation.
Halim Perdanakusuma Airport was closed early in the morning due to the submerged runways, and air traffic was temporarily redirected to Soekarno-Hatta Airport.
Many parts of the city had been left without power, as the power was switched off for safety reasons by the state-owned electricity firm, PLN.
It was the area's worst flooding since 2007 when the rainfall intensity was per day and 80 people were killed in 10 days.
Baswedan has also told reporters that he would push new large-scale infrastructure projects, including a dam and a sluice, to prevent flooding again.
Turkey's Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that it's in full solidarity with the people of Indonesia and ready to provide any assistance that may be needed.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Lopez is one of America's foremost authorities on Oaxacan culture and cuisine and is credited with helping to popularize mezcal in the United States.
Her parents, Maria Monterrubio and Fernando Lopez, opened Guelaguetza, a Oaxacan restaurant in the Koreatown neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1994.
Favorite dinner restaurants of Lopez's include Scopa Italian Roots, Republique, Sotto, Bäco Mercat, Sushi Gen, Hama Sushi, and The Stocking Frame.
Fazilatunesa Bappy (31 December 1970 – 2 January 2020) was a Bangladeshi lawyer and a politician representing the Bangladesh Awami League party.
La Saline Natural Area in the boreal forest of northeastern Alberta, Canada, preserves Saline Lake, a saline oxbow lake adjacent to the Athabasca River north of Fort McMurray.
Saline Lake is the region's most productive lake for waterfowl, and birdwatching is the main recreational activity at La Saline Natural Area.
Thousands of ducks, geese and other birds migrate along the Athabasca River to nesting sites on the Peace-Athabasca Delta, and Saline Lake is an important resting and feeding spot for them.
Rare hypersaline vegetation types are found on the tufa mound, and rare brackish and saline plant communities grow in the salt marshes along the lake shore.
The spring water at La Saline originates primarily from the Devonian strata that underlie the region, including the carbonate rocks of the Keg River and Waterways Formations, and the halite (rock salt) deposits of the Prairie Evaporite Formation.
The spring water at La Saline has a reported total dissolved solids content of and it comes to the surface because it has reached an aquitard formed by the bitumen-saturated sands at the base of the overlying Early Cretaceous McMurray Formation.
As carbon dioxide and small amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas are released to the atmosphere, some of the dissolved minerals precipitate, forming the tufa.
Outcrops of the Devonian limestones of the Waterways Formation (Moberly Member) are present along the Athabasca River on the western edge of the Natural Area.
Starting at the age of eight, Ruffels started playing tennis and won twenty one International Tennis Federation doubles events in Europe.
With the USC, Ruffels appeared at the NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships from 2018 to 2019 in both the individual and team events.
Her amateur championship gave her exemptions to the 2020 editions of the U.S. Women's Open, ANA Inspiration, Evian Championship and Women's British Open.
Apart from amateur events, Ruffels missed the cut in multiple professional events including the 2017 Women's Victorian Open and 2019 Japan Women's Open Golf Championship.
Overall, Ruffels was the number one ranking Australian junior was she was twelve years old and held the number three ranking two years later.
As an amateur golfer, Ruffels primarily played in Australia from 2016 to 2017 while also competing in Singapore, the United States and Canada.
At the NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships, Ruffels tied for 38th in 2018 and tied for 19th in 2019 at the individual events.
In the team events, Ruffels was part of the Southern California team that made it to the semifinals in 2018 and the quarterfinals in 2019.
While competing for USC, Ruffels appeared at the Canadian Women's Amateur, placing 38th at the 2018 edition and 21st at the 2019 event.
He served as the co-head football coach at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania during the 1893 and 1894 seasons, compiling a record of 8–12.
His first foray into coaching occurred midway through the 1893 season when he gave pointers to the 1893 while visiting his brother in Pennsylvania.
District 11 covers all of Nicholas, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, Upshur, and Webster Counties, as well as some of southern Grant County, in the eastern part of the state.
The district overlaps with the state's 1st, 2nd, and 3rd congressional districts, and with the 32nd, 41st, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 54th, and 55th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Smart Guy is a 1943 American crime film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by John W. Krafft and Charles R. Marion.
The L'Abbé river is a tributary of the east bank of the Métabetchouane River, flowing in the municipalities of Saint-André-du-Lac-Saint-Jean and Chambord, in the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the L'Abbé River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Then, it flows over a length of towards the northwest, to its mouth, located on the east bank of the Métabetchouane River in the middle of a rapid zone, facing an island and upstream of the mouth of the Grande Désir river.
From the confluence of the L'Abbé river, the current descends the Métabetchouane River to the north on crossing Martine Falls, to the south shore of Lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then borrows the course of the Saguenay River via la Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The toponym Rivière L'Abbé was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
Whitlock was a 1900 graduate of DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, before arriving in Terre Haute to help coach the Indiana Normal team.
A Republican, Pitsenbarger has represented the 11th district of the West Virginia Senate since October 17, 2019, when he was appointed to fill the remainder of Greg Boso's term.
He is currently the vice president of the West Virginia Farm Bureau, and a field enumerator for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service in Charleston.
It was produced by Affirm Films in partnership with Crystal City Entertainment and Gulfstream Pictures, and is scheduled for theatrical release by Sony Pictures Releasing on April 10, 2020.
The film tells the true story of Willie Davis (Sterling K. Brown), a high school janitor who steps up to coach the failing basketball program.
The 2020 FFA Cup preliminary rounds are the qualifying competition to decide 22 of the 32 teams to take part in the 2020 FFA Cup Round of 32, consisting of 21 teams from Member Federations, and the winner of a playoff between two A-League clubs (lowest on the ladder from the 2019–20 A-League season).
The other teams which will participate in the final competition are the top 9 A-League clubs from the 2019–20 A-League season and reigning National Premier Leagues champion, Wollongong Wolves.
The preliminary rounds operate within a consistent national structure whereby club entry into the competition is staggered in each federation, with the winning clubs from Round 7 of the preliminary rounds gaining entry into the Round of 32.
All Australian clubs are eligible to enter the qualifying process through their respective FFA member federation, however only one team per club is permitted entry in the competition.
Note: A-League Youth teams playing in their respective federation leagues are specifically excluded from the preliminary rounds as their respective Senior A-League clubs are already part of the competition.
The 2020 America East Men's Basketball Tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the America East Conference, which will be held on March 7, 10, and 14, 2020.
Routine flaring, also known as Production flaring, is a method and current practice of disposing of large unwanted amounts of associated petroleum gas (APG) during crude oil extraction.
The gas is first separated from the liquids and solids downstream of the wellhead, then released into a flare stack and combusted into earth's atmosphere; usually in an open diffusion flame.
Routine flaring is not to be confused with safety flaring, maintenance flaring, or other flaring practices characterized by shorter durations or smaller volumes of gas disposal.
145 billion cubic meters (over 5 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas is estimated to have been flared worldwide during 2018.
The majority of this was routinely flared APG at thousands of well sites, and is a waste amount equal to the natural gas usage of South and Central America.
The wasting of a primary resource provides no present economic or future wealth benefits, while creating liabilities through the build up of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants in the biosphere.
With most forecasts showing oil and gas use increasing into the foreseeable future, the World Bank in 2002 launched the international Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFRP); a public-private partnership with the aim of retiring the wasteful practice.
In 2015, it further launched the Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 Initiative; endorsed by 32 countries, 37 companies, and 15 banking institutions by the end of 2019.
The routine flaring and venting of APG has been practiced since the first oil wells were commercialized in the late 1850's.
Flare Gas Recovery Systems (FGRS) for processing APG into liquid or compressed fuels at the wellpad have also become increasingly mobile and varied in their capabilities.
Similar to crude oil, APG is a primary energy source of both gaseous fuel and liquid fuel commodities that have high intrinsic value in the modern world economy.
The velocity and pressure drop of the gas as it exits the tip of the flare stack must be maintained within optimal ranges to ensure adequate turbulent diffusion.
When a flare is operating effectively, the combustion by-products include primarily water and carbon dioxide, and perhaps small amounts of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides (NoX).
As a practical matter, gas streams with higher sulfur contamination levels are more likely to be flared - where allowed - than utilized due to their lower economic value.
Reported flaring and venting in the U.S. declined in the decades following World War 2, based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Near the end of the 20th century, it reached lows close to 1.5% of APG extracted, and 0.5% of all gas extracted from both oil and gas wells.
The largest volume changes since about 1990 have been in the Permian Basin of west Texas and New Mexico, the Bakken Formation of North Dakota, and the Eagle Ford Group of southeast Texas.
Reports of negative producer prices for natural gas, and of a further doubling of activity in the Permian, indicate the growth trend continued in 2019.
In 2018-2019, the amount of gas wasted daily in the Permian alone was capable of supplying the residential needs of the entire state of Texas.
Five new long-distance gas pipelines from the region are under construction, with the first entering service in Q3 2019, and the others scheduled to come online during 2020-2022.
A loosening in U.S. federal regulatory policy starting 2017 enabled further increases to the waste of APG from both public and private lands.
It tells the story of a young black woman who is wrongly accused of kidnapping while babysitting a child, and the events that follow it.
Reid started writing the novel in 2015, while she was applying to graduate school and finished it while pursuing her MFA at the University of Iowa.
Reid has also said that the novel was partly inspired by the years she spent in her 20s working as a babysitter.
Alix Chamberlain is a blogger and public speaker who has moved from New York City to Philadelphia for her husband's job as a television anchor.
When Alix asks Emira to take Briar with her to a local supermarket, Emira is accused by the store's security guard of kidnapping Briar.
When Alix hears of the incident, she is shocked and tries to treat Emira better, including offering her a higher pay.
Determined to show that she has Emira’s best interests at heart, Alix gains access to Emira’s email and leaks the video of the grocery incident.
On air, Emira embarrasses Alix, using the same line that Kelley had used to break up with her in high school.
She sees Kelley with his black girlfriend and Mrs. Chamberlain with a grown-up Briar but does not approach any of them.
The novel was published in the United States in hardcover and paperback by G. P. Putnam's Sons on December 31, 2019.
It was published in the United Kingdom in hardcover by Bloomsbury Circus, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing, on January 7, 2020.
Throughout the novel, the white characters assume they know what is best for the protagonist, without ever seeing anything from her perspective, and speak about her with a sense of ownership.
Over the course of the book, the main concern of Emira remains finding a secure job, as she will be removed from her parents' healthcare insurance cover upon turning 26.
The Idaho Falls Public Library, at Elm and Eastern Streets in Idaho Falls, Idaho, was built in 1916 as a Carnegie library and was expanded later.
The historic building is a one-story red brick building upon a raised basement story, with original portion built in 1916 in Renaissance Revival style.
The central projecting entrance pavilion, in Art Deco style, and other changes were implemented in 1938-40 as part of a Public Works Administration project.
The library was originally housed in the basement of the Baptist church, but the VIS soon set out to obtain a grant from the Carnegie Library Foundation for the construction of a library building.
In 1905, Andrew Carnegie pledged the sum of $10,000 for the city of Idaho Falls to commission a building for the public library.
Opened in 1952, it became the first business in Las Vegas to be given a tavern license to sell liquor and operate an onsite bar.
They were given the first tavern license in Las Vegas, meaning they could operate a bar and also sell liquor to go.
They opened the bar and liquor store due to increased demand for liquor as a result of the growth of the Nevada Test Site.
Eventually, they expanded the bar to have a rooftop seating area, where customers could watch the atomic testing, 65 miles away, while drinking.
In 2012, it was purchased by brothers Kent Johns, a commercial real estate broker, and Lance Johns, an attorney, and Derek Stoneberger.
Famous people who have visited the bar include Bugsy Siegel, The Smothers Brothers, The Rat Pack, Hunter S. Thompson, Roy Rogers, Bradley Cooper, Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds, Robert DeNiro, and Barbra Streisand.
A bar stool with a star on it sits at the end of the inside bar, the preferred seat of Barbra Streisand when she visited regularly.
Players will be selected through an expansion draft, new entry draft, and the college draft over the first few months of 2020..
It was announced on January 1, 2020 that Barstool Sports podcast Pardon My Take would have partial ownership of the club.
Okonkwo was raised in Enugu, Nigeria, and she studied laboratory science at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka before delving into fashion design.
Okonkwolaunched Style Temple in 2012, after long stints training as a fashion assistant and junior designer at a few Abuja-based fashion labels.
On November 14, 2019 police were made aware of incriminating text messages inciting a possible school shooting, and shortly after the students involved were expelled.
The messages on Hodges cell phone dated back to January of 2019, they contained a map of the school and photographs of firearms.
Due to the other suspect being a minor limited information is available, the minor will be dealt with by the juvenile system.
Pineywoods obtains $9,332,000 annually of which $531,000 is from the federal government, $475,000 from local government, and $8,326,000 is from the state government.
The student body of Pineywoods is 54.1% White, 25.6% Hispanic, 16.4% African American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 2.5% two or more races.
Of the 82 students with disabilities 50 or 61% have an intellectual disability, 18 or 22% have a physical disability, 7 or 8.5% have autism, and 7 or 8.5% have a behavioral disability.
Fortson is an unincorporated community located in northern Muscogee County, Georgia, United States, with portions of the community extending into southern Harris County.
The community is located along the Harris-Muscogee County line north of the Bradley Park Drive area, and is generally bounded by Biggers Rd and Williams Rd to the south, the Alabama state line to the west, Mountain Hill Rd to the north in Harris County, and U.S. Route 27 to the east.
conscious of asset class and hedging, that differentiates between margined and non-margined trades and recognizes netting benefits; issues insufficiently addressed under the preceding frameworks.
Because of its two-step aggregation, capital allocation between trading desks (or even asset classes) is challenging; thus making it difficult to fairly calculate each desk's Risk-adjusted return on capital.
Its covalent structure is , that is, a six-membered ring of alternating carbon and sulfur atoms, with two methyl groups attached to each carbon.
It can be viewed as a derivative of 1,3,5-trithiane, with methyl-group substituents for all of the hydrogen atoms in that parent structure.
In contrast, the analogous trioxane compound, 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5-trioxane, with oxygen atoms in place of the sulfur atoms, seems to be unstable, while its corresponding monomer acetone (2-propanone) is stable.
In the presence of an acidified catalyst at 25 °C, one obtains a product that is 60-70% trithioacetone, 30–40% of 2,2-propanedithiol, and small amounts of two isomeric impurities, 3,3,5,5,6,6-hexamethyl 1,2,4-trithiane and 4-mercapto-2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-1,3-dithiane.
Pyrolysis of the trithioacetone at 500-650 °C and 5-20 mm of Hg gives thioacetone, that can be collected by a cold trap at −78 °C.
Attack is an upcoming 2020 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written-directed by Lakshya Raj Anand and produced by Dheeraj Wadhawan, Ajay Kapoor and John Abraham.
Rahman died on 16 January 2020 at his own home which is situated at Mothkhola in Pakundia of Kishoreganj at the age of 56.
The Lumbini pillar inscription, all called the Paderia inscription, is an inscription in the ancient Brahmi script, discovered in December 1896 on a pillar of Ashoka in Lumbini, modern Nepal by Alois Anton Führer.
The Lumbini inscription is generally categorized among the Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka, although it is in the past tense and in the ordinary third person (not the royal third person), suggesting that it is not a pronouncement of Ashoka himself, but a rather later commemoration of his visit in the area.
Ancient historical records of the Buddhist monuments of the region, made by the ancient Chinese monk-pilgrim Xuanzang in the 7th century CE and by another ancient Chinese monk-pilgrim Faxian in the early 5th century CE, had been used in an effort to search for the place of birth of the Buddha, said to be in Lumbini, and his ancient city of Kapilavastu.
The Lumbini pillar itself, set up where the Buddha was born, was mentioned by Xuanzang, who said that it was surmounted by the sculpture of a horse and that it had been broken in half, but he never mentioned the presence of an inscription, which, according to Vincent A. Smith, may already have been hidden by the time he visited in the 7th century.
The description by Xuanzang adds that the pillar was split in two and fallen on the ground at the time he saw it.
The pillar was supported underground by a brick base, which according to Vincent A. Smith had to be of a comparatively more recent date.
He suggested that the fallen pillar had been re-erected at the time of the Buddhist Pala dynasty, in the 11th or 12th century.
The existence of the stone pillar itself was already known before the discovery: it had already been reported to Vincent A. Smith by a local landowner named Duncan Ricketts, around twelve years before (circa 1884).
Rubbings of the Medieval inscriptions on top of the pillar had been sent by Ricketts, but they were thought of no great consequence.
In December 1896, Alois Anton Führer was making a follow-up survey of the nearby Nigali-Sagar pillar, discovered and investigated by him the previous year, in March 1895.
According to some accounts, Fuhrer found the Lumbini pillar on December 1st, and then asked the help of local commander, General Khadga Samsher Rana, to excavate it.
The Nepalese authorities dug around the pillar, to find the ancient Brahmi inscription, which therefore had remained underground, hidden from view.
The Brahmi inscription on the pillar gives evidence that Ashoka, emperor of the Maurya Empire, visited the place in 3rd-century BCE and identified it as the birth-place of the Buddha.
Following the discovery of the pillar, Führer relied on the accounts of ancient Chinese pilgrims to search for Kapilavastu, which he thought had to be in Tilaurakot.
Unable to find anything significant, he started excavating some structures at Sagarwa, which he said were stupas of the Shakyas, and was in the process of faking pre-Mauryan inscriptions on bricks, when he was caught in the act by Vincent Arthur Smith.
On these grounds, Christopher I. Beckwith considers the Lumbini inscription as a later work, posterior to the 1st century CE at least, and there is also a possibility that Führer himself is the actual author of the inscription.
The Nigali Sagar inscription, in many ways similar and located a few kilometers from Lumbini, also falls under the same kind of suspicion.
Habibur Rahman ( – 16 January 2016) was an Indian teacher and politician from West Bengal belonging to Indian National Congress.
Rahman was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Jangipur in 1972, 1977, 1982 and 1987 for consecutive four times.
Hasnat was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Jangipur in 2001 as a Revolutionary Socialist Party candidate.
Despite not becoming a major hit, the song is identified with Gayle's early career persona and has been considered among her essential songs in her recording career.
The big change arrived at the first quarter of the 19th century when it was decided on a massive industrialization program and transformation of the town to a large industrial center.
Łódź itself, called Łódka, existed already in the 12th century, but the first records of this agricultural settlement date back to 1332.
The market square was probably marked out in 1414 during the founding of the city on the initiative of the Włocławek bishops.
As majority of the then small commercial and agricultural towns, it was a market and an inn for a dozen or so neighboring villages.
In 1561, the residents of Łódź obtained a construction permit for the town hall, but it was not until 1585 that a contract was concluded with the townsman Michał Doczkałowicz for its construction.
He fulfilled his promise and erected a wooden building, for which he obtained the right to use one of the rooms as an inn.
The settlement of Łódź was at the Piotrków route towards Piotrków Trybunalski and served the customs chamber on the Ostroga River.
However, he allowed all customs duties to be collected by the bishop of Włocławek and he was supposed to pay the lease to the king.
It is near this settlement that the oldest parish of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was created in Łódź.
It is believed that it was erected between 1364 and 1371 by the Archbishop of Gniezno Jarosław Bogoria Skotnicki and until 1885 it was the only parish in Łódź.
It was on the right side of the Ostroga River, which was later called the Łódka and was opposite to the settlement of Lodz.
Then they began to be called Nadrzeczna, later Podrzeczna, and finally Drewnowska, apparently, the latter name was given to the influential Drewnowicz family from Łódź.
The 17th and 18th centuries were a turbulent period in the history of Poland, and also the time of the fall of Łódź.
end of the 18th century the town had only 190 inhabitants and only 44 houses, all buildings were wooden, no road was paved.
In the second decade of the 19th century, the area of it's urban development, later the Old Town, was small and amounted to 20 ha.
It was characterized by a network of narrow streets, leaving slightly obliquely from the Market Square and enclosing buildings in small, irregular blocks.
The central part of the layout was marked by a market square, separated by an inter-market block from the square where the church stood.
The whole town development was limited to housing these squares and the initial sections of eight streets, some of which crossed the road to nearby cities and took their names from them.
Dense building development occurred only at the Market Square and along the market streets: Drewnowska, Podrzeczna, Nadstawna and Kościelna (known until the end of the first half of the 19th century as Piotrkowska).
In the 1815 treaty, it was planned to renew the dilapidated town and with the 1816 decree by the Czar a number of German immigrants received territory deeds for them to clear the land and to build factories and housing.
At that time, abolition of customs border between Congress Poland and the Russian Empire had a very important economic and political stimulus for the development of the textile industry in the Poland and the huge opportunities associated with it.
It was not created through its evolution functional or by gradual reconstruction of the medieval layout design for new industrial needs.
Rajmund Rembieliński in 1820 personally designated a place on the market for the new settlement and defined the direction of future streets.
He chose the culmination of the local hill through which he went along the Piotrków route ran along which several local roads converged.
The new settlement had assumed to be separate, though officially still a part of an existing city, therefore it was necessary to keep as far as possible integration, which was best provided by the new one Piotrków route, connecting the areas on both sides of the river in the shortest line.
Polish Air Force and anti-aircraft artillery, which were insufficient in quantity and strength, were not able to effectively counteract the brutal attacks of the enemy.
On September 5, German troops smashed both wings of the Łódź Army during the Battle of Łódź and opened their way to the city.
Military and state authorities - headed by voivode Henryk Józefski and the town staroste Henryk Mostowski, self-government with president Jan Kwapiński and the police left the city as well, and on the night of 4-5 September the evacuation of offices and institutions began a process which lasted until noon on September 6.
On September 6, an organizational meeting of the Citizens' Committee of the City of Łódź took place in the City Hall at Wolności Square 14.
Matters of security and public order passed into the hands of the Citizens' Militia, which had been operating as an organization to fight usury and sabotage since 27 August and was now subordinated to the committee.
On September 14, the Committee moved its headquarters from the City Hall building to the premises of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry at 3 Kościuszki Avenue.
This was dictated by the desire to separate from the Germans, who located the Commandant's Office and the police in the building of the City Hall.
State offices were subordinated to the head of the Civil Administration at the command of the 8th Army, Dr. Harry von Craushaar.
The position of the Citizens' Committee prof. Zygmunt Lorentz, member of the Presidium and first secretary of the Committee, and has been acting as the temporary government that was set up to handle city affairs following the collapse of the government was getting more and more difficult.
The Nazi authorities, which gave Łódź the status of a separate city, divided the city into four administrative districts, and seven more were created in suburban areas.
Streets in the city were given new, german names: One of the main streets in the city, Piotrkowska Street was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Straße.
The previous coat of arms of Łódź - the golden boat in the red background, has been changed to a golden swastika on a navy blue background, and the city colors from gold-red to navy blue, the colors of the Litzmann family.
Pursuant to October decrees of Hitler on the incorporation of western Polish territories to the Reich and the creation of the General Government from other Polish territories, on October 25 the military administration of the Supreme German Command in the East was liquidated.
Initially, Łódź was not only to remain within the General Government, to which it was incorporated on October 26, but it was also selected as the capital of this occupation formation.
In the new conditions, there was no question of the existence, even of a purely formal one, of any Polish organizations or institutions.
On October 8th, a propaganda demonstration of the German population to celebrate the occupation of the city and Łódź Germans from national captivity took place at the City Theater on Cegielniana Street (today Jaracza Street).
September 14, 1939, when the provisions of the head of the civil management came into force, issued by Harry von Craushaar, SS-Brigadeführer at the 8th Army on the closure of bank accounts, deposits and safes belonging to Jews, and about banning them from storing cash of over a thousand marks, which initiated the elimination of Jews from economic life in the city.
Craushaar's ordinance of October 13, 1939 was to normalize and legalize the forced employment of the Jewish people, setting a daily limit of men supplied by the Jewish community for labor work.
Further regulations, including the order issued on November 11, 1939 by the city commissioner marking Jewish shops with inscriptions in German and Polish, facilitated the confiscation of Jewish private property.
This was done by soldiers, members of Selbstschutz recruited from locals volksdeutsch as well as police officers who robbed shops and premises Polish and Jewish organizations.
On December 11 Governor of Warta Country Arthur Greiser changed this ordinance to the obligation to wear a Star of David on the right side of the chest and on the back.
The post-war change of political and economic system meant introduction centrally planned socialist economy and political and economic integration to the USSR.
For Łódź, this meant the re-opening of the eastern market and further development of the textile industry, mainly cotton and wool.
New housing estates where built in large scale to accommodate the large growth of the new residents who moved to the city.
Two days after Łódź was captured by the Red Army an operational group came to town with Ignacy Loga-Sowiński as the representative of the Provisional Government.
At the beginning of its existence, councilors were delegated to it on a parity basis (PPR and PPS were represented by 20 councilors each, SD by 10, SL by 5, 12 for the trade unions, 9 for the socio-cultural organizations and 2 for the youth organizations).
The chairman of the Council was the president of Łódź Kazimierz Mijal, his deputy Jan Stefan Haneman (PPS), and the members of the presidium: Lucjan Głowacki, Artur Kopacz (SD) and Eugeniusz Stawiński.
City Hall () was moved to the now expanded Juliusz Heinzel Palace in 104 Piotrkowska Street while the Izrael Poznanski Palace was the seat of the Presidium of the Voivodeship National Council of Lodz (.
Most central offices were temporarily relocated to Łódź, mainly due to the lack of damage in the city, unlike massive destruction of Warsaw.
In the 1940s and 1950s, Łódź was changing rapidly - the area of the city was increased four times, the lack of damage attracted new residents (in 1951 already 646,000), the industry was nationalized and its industry structure changed.
Already in 1945, the University of Lodz, the Lodz University of Technology, the State Music Conversatorium, the School of Fine Arts, the University of Rural Economy and the only Textile Institute in Poland were created, and in 1948 the famous State Film School (today's State Film School, TV and Theater).
It caused an increase in the importance of the services sector, including services of metropolitan (regional) significance, forced the restructuring of industry and the creation of special economic zones, which over time attracted new investors.
In 2010, the reconstruction of the downtown near the Łódź Fabryczna station began, along with the construction of the so-called 90 ha area.
As always shown in its end credits, the show is conceptualized by Daniel Razon in response to the Department of Education's challenge to upgrade Filipino children's literacy through a high standard educational TV program.
Each participating school per week is also visited by one of the two hosts to have a closer look at what their schools have to offer.
During the season-ender episodes, both hosts together with the production crew visit the schools and homes of the season champions to provide the viewers a glimpse and closer look on why they are deserving to win the show's respective season.
Every participating school sends two representatives to the show, preferably students who are within the last two years of elementary and high school stay.
In short, they send a Grade 5 and 6 tandem in the Elementary Division while a Junior and Senior tandem (3rd Year and 4th Year, respectively) is being sent in the High School Division.
In the event that any of the two original representatives cannot compete, the school is advised to prepare an alternate consisting of two students of each respective year or grade level.
If the alternate wins with his/her teammate and the original contestant are fit enough to compete again, the alternate shall remain as the contestant competing for his/her school.
These are the second-highest scoring teams per stage, which in the weekly rounds are likewise considered regardless of the ranking they have placed in their episode.
In the event of a tie after the conclusion of every episode, Knockout Questions are asked by the quizmasters themselves which do not require the teams looking at the game board.
There were cases wherein a Wildcard entry spot has to fill, thus a best-of-5 series format was installed where the highest-scoring team secured such spot.
The show features a game board consisting of 12 different categories, 7 academic and 5 non-academic/practical/beyond curricular, each with 2 questions for a total of 24 questions.
Beginning the second season, 6 of the 12 categories are marked with a red and yellow border indicating that the second question is worth 20 points.
This was done in light of the success of the first season and to level up the gaming field with tougher questions.
The team who guesses this correctly earns additional points which will help them in securing a spot in the next round.
The quizmasters read a total of 3 clues involving the personality, but are only read once every 4th and 8th tile is open.
There were some occasions when this rule was not followed, hence, the quizmasters were given the freedom to choose when to read them.
60 points are awarded to the team who guesses the personality correctly with 1-4 tiles of the game board open, 40 if 5-8, or 20 if 9-12.
All of their buzzers are automatically locked, meaning that whoever buzzes first will be acknowledged by the quizmasters despite numerous attempts of the other schools to try pressing the buzzer.
The other teams will be acknowledged if the first team who buzzes says a wrong answer or runs out of time answering the question.
Teams will only be given one chance to answer the question, which goes by the rule: the first answer is the final answer.
For every category, 20 seconds is allotted for answering the question while 10 seconds is given when a team buzzes in and still doesn't have an answer.
There is also a technical committee, headed by the quiz show writer, where the quizmasters or even members of the audience can refer to when there are clarifications or protests concerning the overall gameplay of the episode.
The show has always reiterated that coaching from the audience or even looking at other teams while the game is ongoing isn't allowed which puts the school and team at risk for disqualification.
This is given to recognize the elementary and high school team's academic and beyond-curricular achievement in successfully winning all 3 stages of the show.
The 2020 Qatar Women's T20I Triangular Series was a women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) cricket tournament that took place at the West End Park International Cricket Stadium in Doha, Qatar from 17 to 21 January 2020.
Matches in the series had official WT20I games as per ICC's announcement that full WT20I status would apply to all the matches played between women's teams of associate members after 1 July 2018.
The participants were originally announced to be the women's national sides of Qatar, China, Kuwait and Oman, playing in a quadrangular round-robin event followed by semi-finals and a final.
However, on the first day of the event, the tournament was changed to a triangular series with China withdrawn at short notice and a new schedule was announced.
Kuwait recovered from losing to Oman in the last round-robin match by defeating the same opponents in the final by a comfortable margin of 7 wickets.
The 2019–20 Elite League, also known as 2019–20 Hero Elite League for sponsorship reasons is the tenth season of the Indian Elite League and the fifth season of the competition as an under-18 one.
The matches of Goa zone kicked off on 21 December 2019 with a 2–2 draw between Sesa Football Academy and Sporting Goa.
Residents of the community changed its name to Glendon in honor of the Glenn family, which owned a significant amount of land in the area.
Edwin Richard Kalmbach (29 April 1884 — 26 August 1972) was an American ecologist who worked on applied entomology and ornithology and was involved in examining the value of birds to agriculture.
Kalmbach was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan where he went to high school and shortly after graduating, he joined the Kent Scientific Museum in 1903.
In 1910 he joined the Division of Economic Investigations of the Bureau of Biological survey and worked until his retirement in 1954.
Along with his wife, he also collected botanical specimens, with nearly 3000 specimens from Colorado which became the nucleus for the Denver Botanical Gardens.
On 2 January 2020, a Black Hawk helicopter of the Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) crashed in the Wulai District of New Taipei, Taiwan.
General Shen Yi-ming, Taiwan's Chief of the General Staff (CGS), along with 7 other personnel on board, died in the crash.
The Black Hawk was taking off for a routine mission to visit service personnel in Dong'aoling Radar Station, Su'ao, Yilan county.
The helicopter lost contact with Songshan Air Base at 8:07 AM, thirteen minutes after taking off and crashed into a mountainside.
General Shen Yi-ming, Chief of the General Staff, was on board the helicopter along with seven other officers and a senior enlisted adviser from the General Staff Headquarters, Ministry of National Defense (MND-GSH), a military correspondent, and three crew members.
During a news conference on 2 January, General Hsiung Hou-chi, Commanding General of the Air Force, stated that the government has set up a task force to investigate the cause of the crash.
General Mark A. Milley, Chairman of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff, issued a statement to express condolences to members of the Taiwan military on the death of General Shen and the seven other deceased on behalf of the U.S. military.
American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), U.S. representative mission on the island, also issued a statement to extend condolences on the accident, and that it stands ready to assist their Taiwan counterparts in the aftermath.
Australian Office in Taipei, German Institute Taipei, British Office Taipei, Polish Office in Taipei, along with other foreign missions in Taiwan, as well as Haitian President Jovenel Moïse, Paraguayan Minister of Defense Bernardino Soto Estigarribia and San Christopher and Nevis Minister of Foreign Affairs Mark Brantley and other senior foreign government officials have also expressed their condolences on Facebook or Twitter.
He played with Al Jazira in juniors and participated in the first team in 2018 after allowing the born in United Arab Emirates to participate in the UAE Pro League.
He was granted Emirati citizenship in 2019 and was chosen to participate with the first team in 24th Arabian Gulf Cup .
WBFJA can be called the successors of BFJA the oldest association of film critics in India, which was founded in 1939.
That was the time WBFJA decided to be the successor of BFJA by giving awards to the Bengali Cinema in particular.
In 2017, four years after establishment WBFJA decided to held their first award ceremony and to honor the Bengali Films of the previous year.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War 80 Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by 13 different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
With a fuel capacity of 2,320 gallons of 87 octane gasoline, the early Fairmiles (Q050 to Q111) were powered by two 650 hp engines, could reach a top speed of 20 knots (max), 16.5 knots sea speed and a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots.
Later versions (Q112 to Q129) were fitted with larger 700 hp engines able to achieve a top speed to 22 knots (max), with a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with 48 hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
After the war, she was sold for C$7,900 in late 1945 by the War Assets Corporation (WAC) to Marine Industries Ltd. Sorel (MIL) and returned for resale to Consolidated Shipbuilding Ltd., Morris Heights, N.Y.
In 1946 she was sold to Standard Oil Bahamas Ltd. (Bermuda) and renamed Stanba I (#176991) to be used for offshore geomagnetic surveying in the Bahamas.
He played with Al Ahli and Al Wahda in juniors .He renewed his 4-year contract with Al Wahda in 2018 after allowing the born in United Arab Emirates to participate in the UAE Pro League .
He was granted Emirati citizenship in 2019 and was chosen to participate with the Olympic team to participate in 2020 AFC U-23 Championship .
He received his initial artistic instruction at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos, in Valencia, then moved to Madrid, where he continued his studies at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
He was also awarded a cross in the Order of Charles III and named Honorary Director of the Academia de San Carlos.
On September 14, 2010, Chubu Electric announced a renewal plan to replace the aging existing facilities with a high-efficiency natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation system.
Both Unit 7-1 and 7-2 use a Toshiba exhaust heat recovery multi-shaft 1,600 ℃ class combined cycle power generation system (MACCII) in which three generators are connected to three gas turbines and one steam turbine.
In order to transport the natural gas used at this power plant, a submarine tunnel with a length of 4.6 km extending from the Chita Daini Thermal Power Station was constructed.
In March 2018, Guinness World Records certified the Nishi-Nagoya Thermal Power Station Unit 7-1 as the world's most efficient combined cycle power generation facility.
In April 2019, the operations of Chubu Electric Power were transferred to JERA, a joint venture between Chubu Electric and TEPCO Fuel & Power, Inc, a subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company.
Falah Waleed he played with Al Ain in juniors and participated in the first team in 2018 he was chosen to participate with the Olympic team to participate in 2020 AFC U-23 Championship .
The Horned frogs were coached by Jim Schlossnagle, in his 7th season with the Horned Frogs, and played home games at Lupton Stadium.
It includes the Inter-City fixture between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.
He attended Junior Technical School, Hubli and Karnataka High School, Dharwad, obtained Diploma in Mechanical Engineering from K.H.K Institute, Dharwad and pursued professional training in film making from Adarsha Film Institute.
Chirasmarane a Kannada TV serial about freedom fighters from Karnataka such as, Mundaragi Bhimarao, Naragunda Babasaheb, Surapura Venkatappa Nayaka, Sangolli Rayanna, Kitturu Chennamma, etc telecasted by Doordarshan was directed by him 1997.
In 2010, he made his directorial debuts with film ‘Gurukula’ about the Gurukula, an education system of our ancient India which won Best Children’s Movie Award State Award in 2009-2010.
He has held positions in the Kannada Film and Television Industry such as Member, Karnataka Chalanachitra Academy, Member, Karnataka Chalanachitra Nirdeshakara Sangha, Member, and Karnataka Chalanachitra Prashasti Samithi.
Suneel Puranik was an honorary Member in the Jury of National Film Awards, 2016 and was a member of jury in the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) in 2018.
Ahmad Salihijo was born on October 20, 1983 to the family of Late Mr. Ahmad Salihijo from Adamawa State, a foremost consultant to Petroleum Development Fund(PTF).
He attended attended Essence International School, Nigeria and British Secondary School of Lome, Togo and later got admission to study Electronic and Electrical Engineering at University of Leeds, Leeds, UK and graduated in 2006.
He furthered his education to Masters on Project Planning and Management from CADD Abuja and Masters in Development Studies at Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria in 2008 and 2018 respectively.
Between 2009 and 2012, Ahmad, a renewable energy advocate, worked with Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) and Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Program (SURE-P), respectively.
He served as the Special Adviser to the Nigerian Minister of Environment, Federal Ministry of Environment, Amina Mohammed, and was the coordinator of Nigerian Green Board Program during which he coordinated for the issuance of Africa's first Sovereign Green Bonds valued for over 10 billion NGN.
He was the Executive Director Operations at eN Consulting and Projects Limited; and in December, 2019, the President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari appointed him to head Rural Electrification Agency.
He was the chairman/founder of FlexiSaf Foundation, a nonprofit organization that provides educational services and supports to less privileged children, including Almajiri children in Northern Nigeria.
In 2019, he led his team to set up a school known as Accelerator Learning Program (ACCLEARN) at Rugga Village Wuye, Abuja to teach out-of-school children.
Built around 1889, it is a Victorian shotgun cottage house, hence it is a one-story weatherboarded rectangular plan house upon a brick pier foundation.
Its National Register listing was within a batch of numerous Columbus properties determined to be eligible consistent with a 1980 study of historic resources in Columbus.
The 2020 FIBA Under-16 Asian Championship will be the qualifying tournament for FIBA Asia at the 2020 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup.
Aside from the host nation and the defending champions, each of FIBA Asia's six subzones also gets one berth each, except for the Persian Gulf, East Asia and West Asian subzones, which were allocated two berths each.
Rounding out the 16-team tournament are the four berths that would be added to each subzone, depending on its teams' performance in the previous championship.
(*) Assumed qualified teams based on FIBA World Rankings as no subzone tournaments were held as of the moment for East Asia and Southeast Asia.
In mathematics, and especially differential and algebraic geometry, K-stability is an algebro-geometric stability condition, in the sense of geometric invariant theory, for complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties.
More generally, on any compact complex manifold, K-stability is conjectured to be equivalent to the existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics (cscK metrics).
In 1954 Eugenio Calabi formulated a conjecture about the existence of Kähler metrics on compact Kähler manifolds, now known as the Calabi conjecture.
One formulation of the conjecture is that a compact Kähler manifold formula_1 admits a unique Kähler-Einstein metric in the class formula_2.
The Calabi conjecture was resolved in the case where formula_4 by Thierry Aubin and Shing-Tung Yau, and when formula_3 by Yau.
Namely, it was known by work of Yozo Matsushima and André Lichnerowicz that a Kähler manifold with formula_6 can only admit a Kähler-Einstein metric if the Lie algebra formula_9 is reductive.
As proved by Donaldson, the theorem states that a holomorphic vector bundle over a compact Riemann surface is stable if and only if it corresponds to an irreducible unitary Yang-Mills connection.
On a Riemann surface such a connection is projectively flat, and its holonomy gives rise to a projective unitary representation of the fundamental group of the Riemann surface, thus recovering the original statement of the theorem by Narasimhan and Seshadri.
During the 1980s this theorem was generalised through the work of Donaldson, Uhlenbeck-Yau, and Li-Yau to the Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence, which relates stable holomorphic vector bundles to Hermitian-Einstein connections over arbitrary compact complex manifolds.
A key observation in the setting of holomorphic vector bundles is that once a holomorphic structure is fixed, any choice of Hermitian metric gives rise to a unitary connection, the Chern connection.
Prompted by this, in 1993 Yau was motivated to conjecture the existence of a Kähler-Einstein metric on a Fano manifold should be equivalent to some form of algebro-geometric stability condition on the variety itself, just as the existence of a Hermitian-Einstein metric on a holomorphic vector bundle is equivalent to its stability.
Several years later Donaldson introduced an algebraic condition described in this article called K-stability, which makes sense on any polarised variety, and is equivalent to Tian's analytic definition in the case of the polarised variety formula_11 where formula_1 is Fano.
In this section we work over the complex numbers formula_13, but the essential points of the definition apply over any field.
A polarised variety is a pair formula_14 where formula_1 is a complex algebraic variety and formula_16 is an ample line bundle on formula_1.
In geometric invariant theory, the Hilbert–Mumford criterion shows that to test the stability of a point formula_21 in an projective algebraic variety formula_22 under the action of a reductive algebraic group formula_23, it is enough to consider the one parameter subgroups (1-PS) of formula_24.
This is a fixed point of the action of the 1-PS formula_28, and so the line over formula_21 in the affine space formula_30 is preserved by the action of formula_28.
If one wishes to define a notion of stability for varieties, the Hilbert-Mumford criterion therefore suggests it is enough to consider one parameter deformations of the variety.
We say that a test configuration formula_47 is a product configuration if formula_67, and a trivial configuration if the formula_32 action on formula_67 is trivial on the first factor.
To define a notion of stability analogous to the Hilbert-Mumford criterion, one needs a concept of weight on the fibre over formula_70 of a test configuration formula_71 for a polarised variety formula_14.
By definition this family comes equipped with an action of formula_32 covering the action on the base, and so the fibre of the test configuration over formula_63 is fixed.
By definition an action of formula_32 on a polarised scheme comes with an action of formula_32 on the ample line bundle formula_79, and therefore induces an action on the vector spaces formula_80 for all integers formula_81.
This is the same as the weight of the induced action of formula_32 on the one dimensional vector space formula_92 where formula_93.
Define the weight function of the test configuration formula_58 to be the function formula_95 where formula_95 is the total weight of the formula_32 action on the vector space formula_98 for each non-negative integer formula_99.
Whilst the function formula_95 is not a polynomial in general, it becomes a polynomial of degree formula_101 for all formula_102 for some fixed integer formula_103, where formula_104.
Recall that the Hilbert polynomial formula_54 satisfies the equality formula_106 for all formula_107 for some fixed integer formula_108, and is a polynomial of degree formula_109.
The Donaldson-Futaki invariant does not change if formula_16 is replaced by a positive power formula_118, and so in the literature K-stability is often discussed using formula_119-line bundles.
Initially it was presumed one should just ignore trivial test configurations as defined above, whose Donaldson-Futaki invariant always vanishes, but it was observed by Li and Xu that more care is needed in the definition.
One elegant way of defining K-stability is given by Székelyhidi using the norm of a test configuration, which we first describe.
Similarly to the polynomials formula_95 and formula_54, the function formula_127 is a polynomial for large enough integers formula_19, in this case of degree formula_129.
According to the analogy with the Hilbert-Mumford criterion, once one has a notion of deformation (test configuration) and weight on the central fibre (Donaldson-Futaki invariant), one can define a stability condition, called K-stability.
K-stability was originally introduced as an algebro-geometric condition which should characterise the existence of a Kähler-Einstein metric on a Fano manifold.
In the more general setting of a polarised variety formula_14, K-stability is conjectured to capture the existence of a cscK metric.
For arbitrary polarised varieties it was proven by Stoppa, also using work of Arrezo and Pacard, that the existence of a cscK metric implies K-polystability.
This is in some sense the easy direction of the conjecture, as it assumes the existence of a solution to a difficult partial differential equation, and arrives at the comparatively easy algebraic result.
The significant challenge is to prove the reverse direction, that a purely algebraic condition implies the existence of a solution to a PDE.
It has been known since the original work of Deligne and Mumford that smooth algebraic curves are asymptotically stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory, and in particular that they are K-stable.
Namely, every smooth curve admits a Kähler-Einstein metric of constant scalar curvature either formula_152 in the case of the projective line formula_153, formula_70 in the case of elliptic curves, or formula_155 in the case of compact Riemann surfaces of genus formula_156.
In the toric setting many of the complicated definitions of K-stability simplify to be given by data on the moment polytope formula_157 of the polarised toric variety formula_158.
Any such toric test configuration can be elegantly described by a convex function on the moment polytope, and Donaldson originally defined K-stability for such convex functions.
where formula_164 is the Lebesgue measure on formula_157, formula_166 is the canonical measure on the boundary of formula_157 arising from its description as a moment polytope (if an edge of formula_157 is given by a linear inequality formula_169 for some affine linear functional h on formula_170 with integer coefficients, then formula_171), and formula_172.
We say a convex function on formula_157 is piecewise-linear if it can be written as a maximum formula_179 for some affine linear functionals formula_180.
Notice that by the definition of the constant formula_181, the Donaldson-Futaki invariant formula_182 is invariant under the addition of an affine linear functional, so we may always take one of the formula_183 to be the constant function formula_70.
We say a convex function is simple piecewise-linear if it is a maximum of two functions, and so is given by formula_185 for some affine linear function formula_186, and simple rational piecewise-linear if formula_186 has rational cofficients.
Such a result is powerful in so far as it is possible to readily compute the Donaldson-Futaki invariants of such simple test configurations, and therefore computationally determine when a given toric surface is K-stable.
An example of a K-unstable manifold is given by the toric surface formula_188, the first Hirzebruch surface, which is the blow up of the complex projective plane at a point, with respect to the polarisation given by formula_189, where formula_190 is the blow up and formula_191 the exceptional divisor.
It is possible to use geometric invariant theory directly to obtain other notions of stability for varieties that are closely related to K-stability.
Take a polarised variety formula_14 with Hilbert polynomial formula_203, and fix an formula_204 such that formula_118 is very ample with vanishing higher cohomology.
The pair formula_206 can then be identified with a point in the Hilbert scheme of subschemes of formula_207 with Hilbert polynomial formula_208.
This Hilbert scheme can be embedded into projective space as a subscheme of a Grassmannian (which is projective via the Plücker embedding).
The general linear group formula_209 acts on this Hilbert scheme, and two points in the Hilbert scheme are equivalent if and only if the corresponding polarised varieties are isomorphic.
This construction depends on a choice of formula_204, so one says a polarised variety is asymptotically Hilbert stable if it is stable with respect to this embedding for all formula_211 sufficiently large, for some fixed formula_212.
There is another projective embedding of the Hilbert scheme called the Chow embedding, which provides a different linearisation of the Hilbert scheme and therefore a different stability condition.
and so K-stability is in some sense the limit of Chow stability as the dimension of the projective space formula_1 is embedded in approaches infinity.
It was originally predicted by Yau that the correct notion of stability for varieties should be analogous to slope stability for vector bundles.
It was shown by Ross and Thomas that any test configuration is essentially obtained by blowing up the variety formula_225 along a sequence of formula_32 invariant ideals, supported on the central fibre.
In the special case where this flag of subschemes is of length one, the Donaldson-Futaki invariant can be easily computed and one arrives at slope K-stability.
The pair formula_14 is slope K-semistable if for all proper subschemes formula_236, formula_263 for all formula_256 (one can also define slope K-stability and slope K-polystability by requiring this inequality to be strict, with some extra technical conditions).
In the case of vector bundles it is enough to consider only single subsheaves, but for varieties it is necessary to consider flags of length greater than one also.
Despite this, slope K-stability can still be used to identify K-unstable varieties, and therefore by the results of Stoppa, give obstructions to the existence of cscK metrics.
For example, Ross and Thomas use slope K-stability to show that the projectivisation of an unstable vector bundle over a K-stable base is K-unstable, and so does not admit a cscK metric.
This is a converse to results of Hong, which show that the projectivisation of a stable bundle over a base admitting a cscK metric, also admits a cscK metric, and is therefore K-stable.
Work of Apostolov-Calderbank-Gauduchon-Tønnesen-Friedman shows the existence of a manifold which does not admit any extremal metric, but does not appear to be destabilised by any test configuration.
This suggests that the definition of K-stability as given here may not be precise enough to imply the Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture in general.
It was proven by David Witt Nyström that a filtration is finitely generated if and only if it arises from a test configuration, and by Székelyhidi that any filtration is a limit of finitely generated filtrations.
Combining these results Székelyhidi observed that the example of Apostolov-Calderbank-Gauduchon-Tønnesen-Friedman would not violate the Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture if K-stability was replaced by filtration K-stability.
Epol/Apple is a Filipino educational children's television series produced by the E-Media program of the ABS-CBN Foundation (now the ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation) and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS; now the Department of Education).
It was directed by Thai director Sakchai Deenan together with Anousone Sirisackda, a local Cambodian who had worked for the governmental cinema department.
Born in the United States and trained in Italy, she returned to Laos as part of a relocation deal offered to her husband by a production company.
The Luang Prabang Film Festival (LPFF), is a non-profit organization, founded in 2010, which hosts a yearly film festival in Luang Prabang, Laos.
Additionally, the organization supports various educational activities, competitions and small grants for filmmakers from Laos and the greater Southeast Asian region throughout the year.
The song was released in 1999 but failed to perform as well as its previous four singles, although the song remains very dear and popular with fans of Crispy.
Richard is sometimes confused with his contemporary Richard de Redvers, who was also known as Richard de Vernon and held Mosterton in Dorset in 1086.
Santiago Andrés Cafiero (born 30 August 1979) is an Argentine political scientist and politician, currently serving as Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers under President Alberto Fernández, since 10 December 2019.
Santiago Andrés Cafiero was born on 30 August 1979 in San Isidro, in Buenos Aires Province, son of Juan Pablo Cafiero, who was Minister of Social Development during the presidency of Fernando de la Rúa in 2001, and María Luisa Bianchi.
Cafiero's grandfather Antonio Cafiero held many important political posts, including the governorship of Buenos Aires, and also briefly served as Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers under Eduardo Camaño.
Cafiero studied Political Science at the University of Buenos Aires and then went on to receive a Master's Degree on public policy from Torcuato di Tella University.
Cafiero was elected president of the local Justicialist Party in his native San Isidro in 2008, and was the party's mayoral candidate in 2011 and 2015.
During the governorship of Daniel Scioli in Buenos Aires, Cafiero worked as a consultant in the Subsecretariat of Municipal Affairs (2007–2008), and then went on to serve as the Province's Director of Industry from 2008 to 2010, Subsecretary of Industry, Commerce and Mining from 2010 to 2011, Vice-minister of Social Development and Subsecretary of Social Policies from 2011 to 2014, and Subsecretary of Modernization from 2014 to 2015.
On 6 December 2019, in the official announcement of his incoming cabinet's composition, President-elect Fernández named Cafiero as his chief of cabinet, a post he assumed on 10 December 2019.
Of these, three are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The other listed buildings include the ruins of a former large house, churches and items in churchyards, stocks and a pump on a village green, public houses, and a series of mileposts along the A523 road.
Antonia Navarro Huezo (San Salvador, 10 August 1870 - 22 December 1891) was a topographic engineer and teacher from El Salvador.
She was the first woman in Central America to graduate from university, earning a PhD from the University of El Salvador in 1889.
The family was intellectual and despite the death of her father in 1878, her desire for educated continued to be supported by an uncle.
In 1887, she presented herself at the Faculty of Engineering at the University of El Salvador to study for her degree.
Huezo progressed quickly and excelled in all the classes - just two years later she was awarded a PhD in Engineering in 1889.
Huezo's thesis defence and the award of a degree was national news and the president of El Salvador General Francisco Menéndez congratulated her in person and organised a celebratory concert.
However, despite being the first woman to graduate from university in El Salvador, she was not allowed to teach there and instead was posted to teach younger women in San Sa'vador's high school.
St. James' Episcopal Church, or St. James’ in-the-City, as it is commonly called, to distinguish it from the St. James' Episcopal Church in South Pasadena, is a historic Episcopal church, located in the Wilshire Center area of Los Angeles, California, between Koreatown and Hancock Park.
in 1914, Los Angeles Boy Scout Troop 10, the oldest continuously-sponsored Boy Scout troop in the United States, was founded under the parish’s auspices and remains under its sponsorship today.
The early parish boundaries stretched from Western Avenue to the Pacific Ocean but moved inland later when new episcopal parishes were founded in Beverly Hills, Westwood and the Pacific Palisades.
The current church building was designed by Benjamin McDougall, a renowned San Francisco Bay area architect, in Gothic Revival style, and built in 1925-26 on a lot on Wilshire Boulevard, bought originally by Rev.
The floor is paved with ceramic tiles that bear the same Celtic cross motif as the floors of the nearby Immanuel Presbyterian Church.
Besides traditional religious scenes of saints and biblical figures, the windows depict motives symbolic of the times when the windows were installed: a movie camera, the Apollo moonwalk, freeway lanes, downtown Los Angeles skyline, the Korean flag, Latino immigrants.
In 1965, the funeral of Nat King Cole who was a parishioner of St. James’, took place at the church, and was attended by Duke Ellington, Frank Sinatra, Robert F. Kennedy, Pat Brown (the governor of California), and other prominent people.
In 1994, a new parish hall and office complex, designed by architect Johannes Van Tilburg, was added to the church, and a columbarium was built in the chapel.
The Murray Harris organ was acquired from St. Paul's Cathedral in downtown Los Angeles where it had been kept in storage after the church's demolition in 1980 due to earthquake damage.
St. James' church has also been featured in music videos for Tyrese and Ariana Grande, in television pilots and TV shows, such as Germany's Top Model, Mad Men and West Wing, and in the films Death Becomes Her and End of Days.
General ranks above the Three Star rank of Lieutenant General and below the Five Star rank of Field Marshal, which is largely a war-time or ceremonial rank.
A General may be referred to as a Full General or Four Star General to distinguish them from lower General Officer ranks like Lieutenant General and Major General.
After the creation of the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), and the appointment of General Bipin Rawat as the first CDS on 1st January 2020, there are two serving Full Generals for the first time in Independent India.
The current Generals in the Indian Armed Forces are the CDS General Bipin Rawat and the COAS General Manoj Mukund Naravane.
Appointments to the office of CDS and COAS are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
The term length of the Chief of Defence Staff is three years or until the age of 65 of the holder, whichever is earlier.
12 on the Indian order of precedence, along with the Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force.
All official twenty over matches between Associate members of the ICC were eligible to have full Twenty20 International (T20I) or Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status, as the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted T20I status to matches between all of its members from 1 July 2018 (women's teams) and 1 January 2019 (men's teams).
The season included all T20I/WT20I cricket series involving ICC Associate members, that were of lesser notability than series covered in International cricket in 2020.
Gamelan Pacifica is an American gamelan Cornish College of the Arts ensemble in residence, formed as a community group in 1980.
It is a Javanese style iron and bronze double gamelan (in pelog and slendro) (Suhirjan and Tentrem); Cirebonese slendro bronze (Tentrem).
Their repertoire is traditional, with a focus on Central Javanese style; also modern and contemporary compositions from within the international gamelan repertoire.
David Adams Leeming (born February 26, 1937) is an American philologist who is Professor Emeritus of English and Comparative Literature at the University of Connecticut.
Leeming is considered a leading authority on the comparative literature of mythology, a subject on which he has written widely and edited numerous encyclopedias and dictionaries.
David Adams Leeming was born on February 26, 1937 in Peekskill, New York, the son of Frank Clifford and Margaret Adams (Reeder) Leeming.
He eventually became Professor of English and Comparative Literature at the University of Connecticut, where he in later years has served as Professor Emeritus.
House of Pleasure (German: Frau Wirtin hat auch eine Nichte, Italian: Il trionfo della casta Susanna) is a 1969 historical comedy film directed by Franz Antel and starring Teri Tordai, Claudio Brook and Margaret Lee.
The 2020 AFF Championship will be the 13th edition of the AFF Championship, the football championship of nations affiliated to the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), and the 7th under the name AFF Suzuki Cup.
The tournament was scheduled in a way to avoid scheduling conflict with the joint 2022 FIFA World Cup-2023 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers with some Southeast Asian national teams expected to still taking part in.
In the group stage of the competition proper, ten teams will be drawn in two groups of five with each team playing home-and-away matches against each other.
The Leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below comprise the important political and military figures of the Russian Civil War.
In addition to the two primary factions, the war also involved a number of third parties, including the anarchists of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, and the non-ideological Green Armies.
Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front, and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often.
For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of Anton Denikin in South Russia, while the members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party frequently cooperated with the White Army.
A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I, and their German and Austro-Hungarian opponents.
In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the Russian Empire, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White Army on occasion.
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Film is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films, to recognize the best film of the previous year.
This was followed by positions at the Wrocław Opera (1923/24), the Staatsoper Unter den Linden (1924/25), at the Prague State Opera (1925-27), at the Staatstheater Stuttgart (1927-29) and the Staatstheater Nürnberg (1929-33).
The day of the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses, two months after the seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933, the singer was informed that he was no longer allowed to perform with immediate effect.
He first went back to Rzeszów and then to Czechoslovakia, where he was engaged for two years (1933-35) at the municipal theatre of Aussig.
The couple had at least three children, all born in Stuttgart: Mario (born 1925 or 1926), Eva (also Ewa, born 1930) and Ludwig (also Ludvik, born in 1931 or 1932).
According to Danny Newman, an in-laws relative, Horner was shot along with his younger son while trying to protect his son from the Nazis who murdered the other family members in a gas truck.
His name can be found on a commemorative plaque for Nazi victims in the Staatstheater Stuttgart, which was unveiled on April 7, 2016 by Minister together with the director of the Staatstheater.
A CSX freight train crossing the Winchester and Potomac Railroad bridge near Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, derailed on Saturday December 21, 2019 morning.
A New York native, Soli was introduced to the art world at a very young age by growing up in a household made up of collectors, as well as visiting weekly history classes at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Her early career began at the age of fifteen, garnering experience with a number of auction houses, museums and galleries including Phillips, Sotheby’s, Marlborough Gallery and Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia.
At age twenty five, Soli became a Director of the New York flagship of Galleries Bartoux, an international gallery with over 15 locations worldwide.
Two years later, She left to work as a private advisor for distinguished collectors across the globe before launching her new venture, LUSH Art Agency.
Following that, she went on to tour for 3 months across Japan, and went on to play for important audiences including The Clintons, The Royal Family of Spain and The United Nations.
That year, they promoted the album at Lincoln Center where Soli & Alen received a standing ovation and sold out the show.
Since then, Soli played at important venues such as Madison Square Garden, The Library of Congress, Carnegie Hall and the Royal Palace in London.
Madame and Her Niece (German: Madame und ihre Nichte) is a 1969 West German drama film directed by Eberhard Schröder and starring Ruth-Maria Kubitschek, Edwige Fenech and Fred Williams.
She competed in the modern pentathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, and has been Danish modern pentathlon champion 12 times between 1980 and 2014.
In the course of her career, she has been Danish modern pentathlon champion 12 times, namely in 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2014.
In addition to various titles in fencing, in 1987 and 1988 she competed in the Ironman World Championship in Hawaii and won bronze at the Middle-Distance European Triathlon Championship in 1988.
The same year, she was the first Danish woman to compete in the modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics where the discipline was included for the first time.
Her most recent success was to win the Danish pentathlon championship in 2014, despite the fact that she had not competed for 13 years.
It is located in the Midhordland region, and was established on 1 January 2020 as a merge between the former municipalities Os and Fusa.
Chancellor Kurz himself is the youngest member of his own government, and--for the second time--the youngest chief executive of any of the EU's member states.
The new political alliance is closely watched in Europe (especially in Germany) because it could become the prototype for a new type of politics in which ascendant conservatives make common cause with green parties to tackle climate change, which has become a salient concern of voters in Europe and elsewhere, and is no longer an issue only for green party supporters, who are disproportionately young and urban.
Kurz himself hopes to propel Austria to the forefront in the fight against climate change and professes the belief that the protection of the environment and protection of the country's borders (the ÖVP's signature issue) are both possible, and can be pursued while at the same time reducing taxes and keeping the budget balanced.
June 2019 to run Austria following the collapse of the first Austrian government led by Sebastian Kurz in the wake of the Ibiza scandal involving his coalition partner, the far-right Freedom Party.
The termination of the coalition of Sebastian Kurz's ÖVP with the FPÖ was followed by a vote of no confidence in parliament and a snap election in September 2019, in which voter support for the FPÖ dropped sharply and support for the Green Party surged to nearly 14%, its highest level ever.
Although the OeVP won the election, it did not achieve a parliamentary majority in the National Council, and therefore had to look for a junior coalition partner.
With two coalition variants with other parties (first the SPÖ, then the FPÖ) already having failed, Kurz turned to the Greens.
The youthfulness of the government also mirrors a younger electorate, Austria having lowered the voting age to 16, the lowest in Europe.
Not only was it a government of nonpartisan experts, it was also the first government headed by a woman, with a membership of six men and six women.
Sebastian Kurz, leader of the centre-right ÖVP, reached an agreement on a coalition with the centre-left Greens at the end of 2019, putting him on track to become Chancellor of Austria for the second time, and Werner Kogler, leader of the Greens, Vice Chancellor.
This marked a breakthrough for the Green Party as it would be represented in the executive branch of the Austrian government at the national level for the first time.
The Greens had previously participated unsuccessfully in coalition talks at the national level, and had served as coalition partners in several state governments.
The novel form of a political partnership paved the way for the ÖVP to maintain its hard line on immigration, but also put Austria on the forefront of the fight against climate change, with a Green minister in charge of that portfolio, and an action plan towards carbon neutrality on a pace faster than the rest of the EU.
Unlike Kurz, Kogler had to obtain the approval of his rank and file to enter the coalition government on the terms spelled out in the formal coalition agreement that the two party leaders had finalized and announced on New Year's Day.
This was required by the charter of the Green Party, which reflects its founders' commitment to grassroots democracy, while the ÖVP is more hierarchical and dominated by its constituent organizations in the corporatist tradition.
On 4 January 2020, more than 93 percent of the delegates at a special Green Party Congress convened in Salzburg backed the deal hammered out by the negotiating teams of the two parties and their leaders in more than two months of bargaining that covered the full spectrum of public policies, rather than just environmental issues.
In the floor debate, misgivings were expressed about too many concessions having been made in reaching a deal on a joint government program that both parties, and their respective supporters in the electorate, can live with.
They deplored the Greens' yielding on core humanitarian principles, and legitimizing the degradation of human dignity by the political right, and the differential treatment of different religions.
Assuming responsibility for governing the country with the ÖVP offered the Greens an opportunity to participate directly in the shaping of the future course of public policy for the very first time.
Kogler expressed hope to set an example for the rest of Europe with Green and Conservative parties working together in the fight against climate change, as opposed to remaining merely on the sidelines as an opposition party in parliament, which he allowed would have been easier.
In a separate floor vote, the Green rank and file approved the slate of Green ministers already designated unanimously by the party's expanded executive committee, with only one vote against and one abstention.
Vasudhatai Pundalikrao Deshmukh is an Indian politician from Maharashtra and a former member of the Indian National Congress, she was elected in 1999 to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from the Achalpur constituency and become State Minister in Vilasrao Deshmukh's Cabinet.Now she is in the Nationalist Congress Party.
Stephen Jardine was named as the host on 15 February 2019 ahead of the launch of the new BBC Scotland channel on 24 February 2019.
The show first aired on Wednesday 27 February 2019 with a 10.45pm start time, with an initial run of 24 episodes.
It uses a format where panel members are not behind a desk and where topics are afforded 20 or 30 minutes to allow discussion.
Velma Linford (May 30, 1907 – May 25, 2002) was an American educator, author, and politician who served as the 12th Wyoming Superintendent of Public Instruction as a Democrat.
She attended Star Valley High School where she graduated in 1926 and then attended the University of Wyoming where she earned a bachelor's degree in 1930 and then a master's degree in 1934.
In 1949 she was elected as National Education Association director for Wyoming at its convention in Boston, Massachusetts and on July 8, 1953 she was named to the eleven member executive committee of the organization.
On June 12, 1946 she filed to run for the Democratic nomination for Superintendent of Public Instruction and after winning the nomination was narrowly defeated by Edna B. Stolt.
On June 10, 1954 she announced that she would seek the Democratic nomination for Superintendent of Public Instruction and after winning the nomination without opposition narrowly defeated Ray E. Robertson in the general election.
In 1959 she was one of sixty people in the Atlantic Congress representing 15 NATO countries that met in London and drafted the Atlantic charter for free people.
On June 18, 1962 she announced that she would seek a third term, but was narrowly defeated in the general election by Cecil Shaw by 737 votes.
On May 31, 1960 she announced that she would seek the Democratic nomination for Senator, but was narrowly defeated in the primary by Raymond B. Whitaker who went on to lose to Representative Edwin Keith Thomson.
In 1968 she announced that she would seek the Democratic nomination for Wyoming's at-large congressional district, but was defeated in a landslide by John S. Wold.
In 1966 she accepted a position in VISTA and oversaw the VISTA program in the Wind River Indian Reservation and recruited volunteers.
She died on May 25, 2002 in Salt Lake City, Utah and was then interred in Afton Cemetery in Afton, Wyoming.
Magnús Þórhallsson was an Icelandic priest who was one of two scribes (the other being Jón Þórðarson) who wrote the manuscript Flateyjarbók for Jón Hákonarson.
Magnús was responsible for the second part of the manuscript after Jón Þórðarson left Iceland for Norway in the spring of 1388.
A priest named Magnús Þórhallsson, assumed to be the same person, is the first witness named in two letters written on 2 April 1387 concerning land purchased by Þorsteinn Snorrason, abbot of Helgafell.
In addition to his work on manuscripts from Helgafell, Magnús is associated with the Munkaþverá scriptorium and possibly also the secular scriptorium at Víðidalstunga, naer Þingeyrar.
In light of his early work, Drechsler has suggested that he may have begun his career as a Benedictine monk at Munkaþverá.
Stefán Karlsson has suggested that Magnús wrote, at least in part, the lost manuscript Vatnshyrna, also commissioned by Jón Hákonarson, based on the similarities in scribal habits between Flateyjarbók and the copy of Vatnshyrna made by Árni Magnússon.
Willie Kizart (January 4, 1932 – September 2, 1998) was an American electric blues guitarist best known for being a member of Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm in the 1950s.
Since childhood, Kizart was exposed to various Delta Blues musicians who performed at his father's cafe in Glendora, which became well-known for its blues music.
During the drive to the studio, Kizart's amplifier was damaged on Highway 61 after being dropped from the car's trunk when the band got a flat tire.
Turner and the band were only paid $20 each for the record with the exception of Brenston who sold the rights to Phillips for $910.
Following the success of the record, Brenston left the band to pursue a solo career and Turner disbanded the Kings of Rhythm for a few years.
Faith L. Babb OBE was a member of the House of Representatives of Belize representing Collet from 1993 to 1998, for the United Democratic Party.
She was Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives and Minister of State of Youth Development and Human Resources during this period.
She was an executive member of the National Women's Commission which brought about the creation of a women's department in the government, replacing the previous women's bureau.
When she was elected in Collet in 1993 it was with a majority of just one vote: 951 to 950, with 10 votes for an independent candidate and 3 rejected ballots.
Since January 2020 he has been the president and CEO of Under Armour, when he succeeded the company's founder, Kevin Plank.
Frisk has worked for 30 years in retail and has had senior positions at The North Face and Timberland, before joining the Aldo Group in 2014 as CEO.
He subsequently held senior positions at the Swedish outdoor-apparel maker Peak Performance and at W. L. Gore and Associates, the maker of Gore-Tex fabrics.
In April 2014, Frisk was promoted to coalition president for Outdoor Americas, with responsibility for The North Face, Timberland, JanSport, Lucy Activewear, and Smartwool brands.
Frisk restructured the company, including streamlining its North American operations while expanding overseas, reassessing styles and brands, increasing sales to other chains, establishing new systems and products, increasing research on customers, digitizing the company, and implementing Salesforce.com products to understand and communicate with customers.
In 2017, Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank asked him to become president and chief operating officer of Under Armour; in doing so Plank relinquished his own status as president and also re-filled the COO position, which had not existed at Under Armour since 2015.
The company reorganized so that the heads of revenue, product, marketing, supply chain, and strategy reported to Frisk, who in turn reported to Plank.
Frisk was brought in after Under Armour's two decades of North American growth dipped in 2017, particularly from competition via Nike and Adidas and from changing consumer buying patterns.
In October 2019, Plank announced that Frisk would become Under Armour's CEO in January 2020, while Plank would become executive chairman and brand chief.
Arnold Gohr (12 October 1896 - 23 January 1983) was a German clerical worker who became a trades unionist and activist.
Arnold Gohr was born in Wottnogge (as Otnoga was known before) 1945), a small village at one end of the and alongside the little Lupow river, a short distance inland to the west of Danzig.
Gohr attended the village school in nearby Saviat and then went on to secondary schools, first in Lauenburg and subsequently in Schlawe.
Between 1920 and 1933 Gohr was a member of the , a clerical workers' trades union that was at the liberal end of the political spectrum.
For some years, till 1945, he worked as a and head of department for the Berlin-based , an internationally powerful (at least during its early decades) cartel association dominated by IG Farben and other (for the most part German) multi-national businesses operating in the chemicals and pharmaceuticals sectors.
The new party was intended to represent a broad range of centre-right political opinion and to reduce the risk of another take-over by anti-democtratic forces being facilitated by political divisions among political moderates.
1949 was also the year during which the area administered since May 1945 as the Soviet occupation zone, formally in October of that year, as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
He then took over from Helmut Brandt as regional CDU party leader for the eastern half of the city, serving in this post till August 1952.
In 1952 the East German government, keen to centralise political power more effectively, abolished a regional tier of government: changes were naturally made to party administrative structures that reflected this.
With the 1948 , which expressly excluded the Soviet zone and the ensuing drama of the eleven month Berlin Blockade, it became clear that perpetuating occupied Germany's postwar status quo was no longer an option.
These arrangements had been imposed in the face of oppopsition from several prominent CDU founding leaders in the east such as Jakob Kaiser , Walther Schreiber and Andreas Hermes.
It turned out that such men had no political future in East Germany, and most soon moved across to the west.
Under the highly centralised power Leninist constitutional structure applied in Soviet dominated central Europe after 1945, political power was concentrated in the ruling party, and within the ruling party on the party central committee.
The position was complicated, by the fact that Volkskammer membership was frequently combined with other more time consuming appointments and memberships which carried greater political weight and influence.
Bagpat Ka Dulha is a film where no one wants Shiv Shukla and Anjali’s marriage, even Shiv and Anjali too, comedy of errors , based in Baghpat Uttar Pradesh.
Cable operators and arch rivals Anjali Mishra (Ruchi Singh) and Shiva Shukla (Jae Singh) are dead against the idea of them getting married and so are their families, who have been locking horns for generations.
At the University of Plymouth he is director of the Marine Institute; professor of Marine Biology; and leads the International Marine Litter Research Unit.
Since 2018 he has also been director of the Marine Institute, part of the School of Biological and Marine Sciences at the University.
The 1985 Bologna Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Bologna, Italy that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit.
This list of awards for young actors and actresses is an index to articles to describe awards given to young actors and actresses.
He was elected in the 2019 election as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra from Daryapur Vidhan Sabha constituency.
Tårnborgvej is a dead end street extending from the northside of Gammel Kongevej, one block west of H. C. Ørsteds Vej, in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The street takes its name after Villa Tårnborg, a house located at the corner of Gammel Kongevej and H. C. Ørstedsvej, which was designed by Johan Daniel Herholdt for his sister and brother-in-law A. C.B.
14-16), læcated behind a low fence at the bottom of the street, is from 1902 and was designed by the architect Ludvig Andersen.
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Director is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films, to recognize the best director of the previous year.
The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
He served as counsel for High Court of Kerala from 2016-2019, was the Retainer Standing Counsel for the Ministry of Railways in the High Court from 2010 to 2019, Central Government Counsel from 2012- 2015, Standing Counsel for the Indian Oil Corporation from 2006-2019 and was member of the National Advisory Committee to the Ministry of Women and Child Development 2018 - 2019.
His father died of tuberculosis when he was eight and since his mother had also contracted the illness, he was left to the care of Nathaniel C. Day, his mother's cousin once removed.
In 1876 he joined the agricultural college in Ames, Iowa as a professor of civil engineering but a few months later became professor of zoology and comparative anatomy.
It's Not Her Name (Original title: У нее другое имя) is a Russian drama film, directed by , from a screenplay by Lilya Akopyan and .
It's Not Her Name is about a woman Lisa who abandoned her child at birth and now twenty-three years later she obsessively tries to find her child.
Lisa's search leads her to a young girl that she believes to be the one that she left at an orphanage.
Lisa begins to spy on her and invades her life even though later she will find out the truth, that this is not her daughter.
The film explores the forces that possess people like demons making them strive towards their goal without boundaries, sometimes leaving a bloody trail behind.
The Building at 1619 Third Avenue in Columbus, Georgia is a Victorian shotgun cottage built around 1889 which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
By 1898 it was home for Mack Culver and his wife; Culver was a fireman for the Central of Georgia Railroad.
Its National Register listing was within a batch of numerous Columbus properties determined to be eligible consistent with a 1980 study of historic resources in Columbus.
The flag represents a 5:8 field with three horizontal stripes: white, gold and red, with the upper and lower stripes 2/5 each and the middle strip 1/5th of the flag.
The colors come from the coat of arms of the Voivodeship, which consists of a white eagle with a golden crown and golden decorations on a red shield.
The film talks about the dual lives people lead today; a synthetic life behind masks in social media and another life in the real world.
The film tries to give the message to connect and spend more time with real people around us, rather than virtual people on social media.
The story is about Paro (played by Sauraseni Maitra) an introvert girl who has no friends at all, and is always busy in her own imaginations.
Suddenly she becomes a complete social outcast when her ex-boyfriend spreads allegations against her on social media and Paro gradually sinks into depression.
When all hopes are gone, she meets a virtual friend with the pseudonym Synthetic Sati (played by Kheya Chattopadhyay) on a messaging app.
After a successful performance in various film festivals, the film started streaming on Bengali OTT platform hoichoi from 21st December 2019.
The movie was screened at the South Asian Film Festival of Montreal (SAFFM) and selected in the Lift-Off Sessions Film Festival (United Kingdom).
Admiral ranks above the Three Star rank of Vice Admiral and below the Five Star rank of Admiral of the fleet, which has never been awarded or held.
An Admiral may be referred to as a Full Admiral or Four Star Admiral to distinguish them from lower Flag Officer ranks like Vice Admiral and Rear Admiral.
The rank is held by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS), the professional head of the Indian Navy, since 1968.
The badges of rank have a Crossed sword and baton over four eight-pointed stars and the Ashoka emblem above, on a golden shoulder board.
In addition to this, the double-breasted reefer jacket have four golden sleeve stripes consisting of a broad band with three narrower bands.
Appointments to the office of CNS are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
The term length of the Chief of Naval Staff is three years or until the age of 62 of the holder, whichever is earlier.
12 on the Indian order of precedence, along with the Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Army and Indian Air Force.
On 21 September 2019 the Centre informed the Madras High Court bench under Justice M Sathyanarayanan that deliberations on the Draft Rules 2018 had been completed.
Various issues have been pointed out with the rules such as restriction of free speech, unreasonable requirements such as automatic identification and removal of content, and lack of elaboration on how the five million users will be calculated.
Centre for Internet and Society has raised concerns with the draft rules and has asked for changes such as that draft Rule 3(2), Rule 3(4), Rule 3(5), Rule 3(10) be completely deleted.
In 1922 Schuh began studying musicology with Adolf Sandberger at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich and art, literature and theatre history with Heinrich Wölfflin, Fritz Strich and Artur Kutscher.
At the Zurich University of the Arts he taught music history between 1930 and 1944 and harmony theory between 1939 and 1944.
Schuh was a member of the Swiss Music Pedagogic Association from 1931 to 1939 and of the International Musicological Society from 1967 to 1972.
Eisler is a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, and was a receipient of 2016 Birthday Honours for his services to family therapy.
It includes the Inter-City fixture between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.
After last season's defeat at the hands of Edinburgh District, the East of Scotland District decided to play its own trial match to better determine its players for the upcoming match against Edinburgh.
The East of Scotland, at the time, picked its players from four leading teams in the area: Aberdeenshire RFC; Abertay RFC; Red Cross Dundee RFC; and St Andrew's University RFC.
The original intention was for the trial match was to be played at Guthrie Junction between an Aberdeenshire/Red Cross side and an Abertay/St Andrew's University side.
St Andrew's University were unwilling to go further north than Dundee for the game; and as a result the Aberdeenshire side did not travel south.
Instead the 'north' team was Red Cross with a couple of Perth men; and the 'south' team was Abertay/St Andrew's University.
In the match, C. Williams of the Red Cross/Perth side thought he had scored a try, but this was disputed and a try was not given.
The East v Edinburgh match was due to be played on 12 January 1878 but was called off the night before, due to frost in the south.
This was the first year that a dedicated 'Trial match' for international selection was announced: a 'Blues' trial side were to play a 'Whites' trial side.
Raymond Blackhall (born 19 February 1957) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Carlisle United, Mansfield Town, Newcastle United and Sheffield Wednesday.
Chris Colbert (born September 27, 1996) is an American professional boxer who has held the WBA interim super featherweight title since January 2020.
Colbert made his professional debut on May 29, 2015, scoring a second-round technical knockout (TKO) victory over Marquis Pierce at the Barclays Center in New York City.
He had three more fights in 2015; a fourth-round TKO win over Benjamin Burgos in June and unanimous decision (UD) victories over Jose Carmona and Derrick Bivins in September and December respectively.
Following two more UD victories in 2017 over Wilfredo Garriga in March and Titus Williams in November, Colbert defeated Austin Dulay via seventh-round corner retirement (RTD) in April 2018.
He secured three more wins in the first half of 2019; a UD against Joshuah Hernandez in January; a second-round TKO over Mario Briones in April; and a UD against Alberto Mercado in June.
His first attempt at a professional title came on September 21, 2019, against two time world title challenger Miguel Beltrán Jr. at the Rabobank Theater in Bakersfield, California.
The 2019–20 season will be Győri Audi ETO KC's 40th competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 72nd year in existence as a handball club.
Clive Anthony Day (born 27 January 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Aldershot, Fulham and Mansfield Town.
Mark David Reynolds (born 1 January 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Jonathan Laws (born 1 September 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Primarily a fiction writer, she was named as one of the Beirut39, a 2009 selection of the most promising young writers in the Arab world.
Mark Sindall (born 3 September 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The men's 67.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 15 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
John Thomas Partridge (born 14 September 1962) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield and Mansfield Town.
Following a schism in the congregation in 1816, a group called the Primitive Wesleyan Methodists split from the Methodist Church, it became known as the free church.
Due to the free church being too large for their numbers, the Primitive Wesleyan Methodists opened a new Chapel nearby in Langrishe Place, Summerhill, in 1825.
The Free Church was used by the Anglican congregation from the nearby St. George's Church, Dublin while it was being constructed.
The landlord, the Methodist printer (who was treasurer of the Primitive Methodist Society Home Mission) R. Bennett Dugdale(1756-1826), wanted to prevent it becoming a Catholic church, and sold it in 1826, to the Church of Ireland.
Oswald Garrow Fischer BA, who served as chaplain to the forces was attached to the Free Church for a time, as was Rev.
Byoinzaka no Kubikukuri no Ie () also known as The House of Hanging on Hospital Slope is a 1979 Japanese film, directed by Kon Ichikawa.
Kindaichi Kosuke visits a photo studio to take photo for his passport.There he happens to meet a daughter who came to request a wedding anniversary photo shoot.
He and the owner of the photo studio visit a house called Byoinzaka no Kubikukuri no Ie to hand that photo.
Jacques Boutault (born 4 January 1961) is a French politician member of Europe Écologie Les Verts (EELV) and the mayor of the 2nd arrondissement of Paris since March 2001.
In 1995, he was recruited to create the press service of Unédic, then in 1998 he took charge of the Internal Communication Department, which he left in 2009.
Close to the left wing of this party, and opposed to the participation of the environmental movement in the government of Lionel Jospin, Jacques Boutault was then delegated to the departmental council of Paris (1998 to 2001) and member of the inter-regional national council from 2001 to 2003.
As the leader for the ENVIE motion (18.96% of the votes) at the first EÉLV congress in La Rochelle in 2011, he was elected to the federal council and to the movement's political orientation council.
LMP (of which Yves Cochet, Karima Delli and Alain Lipietz are members) is in second position with 20.58% of the votes.
He integrates the executive office, the direction of the movement, and takes charge of relations with associative actors and the cooperative network.
Jacques Boutault is running for municipal elections in the second arrondissement of Paris in 2001 with a program focused on improving traffic, social housing, setting up organic and vegetarian menus in school canteens, working with associations .
He was outdistanced by the socialist candidate Pierre Schapira, who nevertheless withdrew, according to the Parisian electoral agreement of reciprocal withdrawal with the socialist party.
Both lists merge intop a new one, led by Boutault who then wins the election in the second round by 300 votes ahead of the list of outgoing mayor, Benoîte Taffin.
He focuses its policy on strengthening solidarity actions with the most deprived, organic meals in canteens, improving living conditions and the environment and developing citizen participation through participatory democracy.
In the first round of the 2008 municipal elections, the Greens list led by Jacques Boutault, gathered 29.93% of the vote, and made almost equal play with that made up of the Socialist Party of the French Communist Party, the Republican and Citizen Movement and the Radical Party on the left, led by Sylvie Wieviorka, who won 33.12% of the vote.
Its list is notably supported by the inhabitants or professionals working in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris like: Gérard Depardieu, Sapho, Guy Bedos, Sanseverino, Martine Billard and also by Raphaël Mezrahi, Renaud, Dominique Belpomme, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Albert Jacquard, etc.
The reciprocal withdrawal agreements in all the Parisian districts being renewed by Bertrand Delanoë, he took the lead of the merged list for the second round.
On March 16, 2008, the list he led reached 68.34% of the vote, a score never achieved by the left in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris.
He is a candidate in the legislative election of June 2012 in the 1st district of Paris which regroups the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 9th arrondissements of the capital.
On March 14, 2013, he declared his candidacy for the head of the EÉLV list for the 2014 municipal elections in Paris.
In the March 2014 elections, with a score of 32.96%, the list of Jacques Boutault outstripped the list of the UMP (24.25%) and the Socialist Party (22.82%) in the first round.
In the second round, the environmentalist and citizen, Socialist and Left Front list came out on top with 58.24% of the vote.
He responded to the call from EELV Île-de-France which invited the elected representatives available to go there with their scarves, as observers.
Prime Minister Manuel Valls condemns the elected officials who participated in these illegal demonstrations, at the National Assembly by making explicit reference to Jacques Boutault.
Jacques Boutault has affirmed his support for the Free Syrian Army (ASL) which is fighting both Daesh and the forces of Bashar Al Assad.
In December 2016, he went to Syria with a delegation of elected officials, including Cécile Duflot, Patrick Menucci and Hervé Mariton, in order to negotiate a humanitarian truce, the establishment of a security corridor in Aleppo, for the evacuation civilians from Aleppo besieged for many weeks and the dropping of food.
Threats, even assaults, are directed against people of Kurdish origin or opponents of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan regime by supporters of the latter.
Since 2009, a vegetarian, organic and local meal has been served every week for all students of the 2nd lunch in the canteen.
Invested against food waste, Jacques Boutault launched in 2014 a pilot operation in two 2nd class establishments, which was extended in 2015 to all schools in the district: the collection of food waste from schoolchildren and their recycling into compost and methane.
He signed a forum denouncing the conditions of keeping animals in circuses and deposited with the Council of Paris several wishes calling for the prohibition of circuses using wild animals in Paris.
It has also pedestrianized part of rue Montmartre and is working to transform, at the initiative of borough councilor Jean-Paul Maurel, the Louvre-Aboukir-Montmartre small square into a convivial space reserved for pedestrians.
Jacques Boutault orginated several local regulatory projects against the advertising tarpaulins on public buildings and places of worship, when they get restorated.
This data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at department stores and verifiable sales from concert venues in the United States.
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Male Playback Singer is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films, to recognize the best male singer of the previous year.
Nigel Foster (born 23 March 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
She represented Greece at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's shot put F53 event.
She won the silver medal in the women's javelin throw F52/F53 event at the 2013 World Championships held in Lyon, France.
Two years later she won the gold medal in the women's shot put F53 event at the 2015 World Championships held in Doha, Qatar.
She also competed at the 2016 European Championships held in Grosseto, Italy winning the silver medal in the women's shot put F53/F54 event.
The United States team of Fred Couples and Davis Love won (for the third time in a row with the same players in the team) by 14 strokes over the Zimbabwe team of Mark McNulty and Tony Johnstone.
The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
Ashok completed his schooling from Kendriya Vidyalaya, graduated from St. Thomas College, Thrissur and obtained Law Degree from Government Law College, Kozhikode.
He was appointed as Registrar, Supreme Court of India in 2009 and continued to be as Registrar, Competition Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi from 2010 to 2013.
He was appointed as Registrar General, High Court of Kerala in 2015. on 30 November 2017 he was elevated as an additional judge of High Court of Kerala and became permanent judge of High Court of Kerala on 29 August 2019.
David Logan (born 5 December 1963) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Halifax Town, Mansfield Town, Northampton Town, Scarborough and Stockport County.
The rivière à la Carpe is a tributary of the eastern shore of the Métabetchouane River, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Entirely in a forest zone, the course of this river crosses the unorganized territory of Belle-Rivière, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality and the municipality of Saint-André-du-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality.
From the confluence of the Carpe river, the current descends the Métabetchouane River north on to the south shore of Lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then borrows the course of the Saguenay River via la Petite Landfill on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Its National Register listing was within a batch of numerous Columbus properties determined to be eligible consistent with a 1980 study of historic resources in Columbus.
They are sand dunes of a characteristic type mainly found along the valley of the Lena River, in the area of the lower Vilyuy river.
Tukulan come in the form of isolated dunes, but also as large sand-covered areas in certain spots of the plain, often among the trees of the taiga.
Tukulans were first described in 1927 by pioneering researcher Sergei Kuznetsov during an expedition surveying Yakutia sent by the government of the USSR.
A few years later academicians Andrei Grigoryev of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and Tikhon Rabotnov of Moscow State University continued the study of these landforms, but they were faced with the problem that they lie in a remote area of difficult access.
Finally in the 1940s aerial photography surveys were carried out and all Tukulan areas were identified and included in the cartography of the region.
When she was 17, Jana was in a motorcycle crash which resulted in her breaking her back and leaving both of her legs paralysed.
Jana first participated in the Paralympic Games in 2004 where she won a gold medal in the Épée B event and a bronze medal in the Foil B event.
She won another bronze medal at the 2008 games, a gold medal at the 2012 games and a silver medal at the 2016 games, all of which were in Épée B events.
The book is the result of oral interviews with Mohammad Hassan Nazarenejad, during which the narrator recounts his stories about Iranian Revolution and Iran–Iraq War.
The book formed from 36 hours conversation of Hossein Beyzayi with Mohammad Hassan Nazarenejad in 1996 which is recorded in video form and the fate of those films is unknown.
He says of all the his moments in the war and depicts hopes and frustrations, fears and immunities, anxieties and reliefs.
The book is the result of dozens of hours of oral history narration by Mohammad Hassan Nazarenejad dictated to Hossein Beyzayi.
The book was first published in Persian by Sooreh Mehr Publication in 2009, which has had more than 55 reprints in four years, according to the publishers.
Ezzatolah Entezami an Iranian actor, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf an Iranian conservative politician and former military officer, Yahya Rahim Safavi an Iranian military commander, Mojtaba Rahmandoust an Iranian conservative politician and Parviz Parastui an Iranian actor and singer, they have praised this book and write notes for it.
Born on 1 December 1856 in Copenhagen, Johanne Elisabeth Gtundtvig was the daughter of the archivist Johan Diderik Nicolaj Blicher Grundtvig (1822–1907) and Oline Vilhelmine Christiane Stenersen (1828–1893).
She attended N. Zahle's School in Copenhagen where she qualified as a private school teacher in 1884 (although she never took up the teaching profession).
As the periodical's first editor, she included articles on women's unequal legal status in marriage as well international perspectives on women's affairs, especially in regard to Scandinavia.
While the outcome led to an increase in membership of the Women's Society, many continued to maintain that sex was not a relevant topic for the organization.
Despite considerable opposition, she was the first woman to be employed as a stenographer by the Danish parliament, paving the way for others.
She assisted Falbe-Hansen with the translation the works of the Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf until she died in 1922, later continuing the work herself.
On Tuesday 1 March 1988, an Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante operating scheduled passenger route MN206 for Comair was approaching Johannesburg International Airport to land when it broke up in flight over Germiston.
Reports indicated an explosive device on board; the cockpit was found a quarter of a kilometer away from the rest of the fuselage, despite the flight having been relatively low at the time of the accident.
The Thomas U. Butts House, at 1214 3rd Ave. in Columbus, Georgia, was built in 1896 and was extensively renovated into Prairie School style in 1928.
Its National Register listing was within a batch of numerous Columbus properties determined to be eligible consistent with a 1980 study of historic resources in Columbus.
The men's 75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 16 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
From 1994-1996, both units were converted into a combined cycle power generation system with the addition of an additional gas turbine to use the waste heat of the steam turbine.
In April 2019, the operations of Chubu Electric Power were transferred to JERA, a joint venture between Chubu Electric and TEPCO Fuel & Power, Inc, a subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company.
Jefferson Junio Antonio da Silva (born 3 January 1997), simply known as Jefferson, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Goiás as a left back.
Promoted to the first team for the 2016 season, he made his senior debut on 10 April of that year, starting in a 5–3 Campeonato Goiano away win against Trindade.
Jefferson made his Série B debut on 13 May 2016, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1– away defeat of Tupi.
Regularly used in his first year, he subsequently became a backup option, contributing with only two league matches in Goiás' promotion campaign.
Jefferson became a first-choice for the 2019 season, and made his Série A debut on 28 April, starting in a 1–0 away win against Fluminense.
He scored his first goal in the category on 10 June, netting his team's second in a 3–1 home defeat of Chapecoense.
A bookshelf game, sometimes known as a bookcase game, is a style of boardgame published mostly in the 1970s and 80s.
The two best-known examples of bookshelf games are a series by 3M and much of Avalon Hill's catalog of the 1980s.
He later became the chief trainer of the Greek national weightlifting team, presiding over a string of successes in the 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics, with athletes such as Pyrros Dimas, Valerios Leonidis, and Kakhi Kakhiashvili.
He resigned in 2008 after 11 out of 14 athletes in the national team were tested positive in a surprise anti-doping inspection.
The hall serves as the chamber for the current town council and has previously hosted the magsitrates court, fire brigade and citizens advice service.
Burt was a local building contractor who managed his uncle's construction firm Mowlem which carried out work on prominent buildings in London.
The barges required ballast to stabilise them for the return journey and Burt used material salvaged from buildings demolished in the capital for this.
The town hall re-used the façade of the 1670 Mercers' Hall, designed by Edward Jerman, who was a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren.
The town hall features original carvings of the Virgin Mary and two cherubs from the Mercers' Hall but other sculptures were destroyed in transit.
It was possibly salvaged from the church of St Mary Somerset in Upper Thames Street, London which was demolished in 1872.
The basement was used to house the town's fire engine and a bell was installed on an external wall to be used to call the brigade into action.
One of the upstairs rooms was used as a magistrates court, conveniently located for the police station opposite, and for this purpose the building had a mobile witness box.
The building also housed meetings of the town's Pier Company and Cottage Hospital Committee as well as lectures, property auctions and dances.
The town hall and police station were both sold by the Burt family to the Swanage Urban District Council between 1919 and 1921.
During the Second World War the hall was used by members of the Air Raid Precaution and Women's Royal Voluntary Service and an air raid siren was mounted to the building.
In the late 20th century the building hosted the Purbeck Citizens Advice service and until 2006 was used for electoral vote counting.
The register office in the building was proposed for closure in 2017, though the structure would remain in use as a location for ceremonies such as weddings.
The upstairs chamber remains in use for council sessions while the former magistrate's room serves as a committee and meeting room.
Cnemaspis kotagamai, or Kotagama's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Ratnapura.
Eunice de Sousa Gabbi was born on a coffee farm in São Manoel, the daughter of Henrique Gabbi and Leopoldina Gabbi.
She studied provisions for leprosy patients along the way, and upon her return to Brazil, she founded the Sociedade de Assistência aos Lázaros (Lazarus Assistance Society), and was president of the Federation of Societies for Assistance to Lepers and for Control of Leprosy, from 1932 until her death in 1969.
Eunice Gabbi married an American missionary educator in Brazil, Charles Anderson Weaver, in 1927, and became stepmother to his four children.
In the November 2019 event of the IWAS Wheelchair Fencing World Cup he won the gold medal in the men's sabre B competition.
The women's combination event at the 2016 nine-pin bowling Single's World Championships was held in Novigrad, Croatia from 23 May to 28 May 2016.
The result for the combination was the sum of best results from a single starts in the single classic and sprint.
Farnham Mires is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, to the east of the village of Farnham, North Yorkshire, England.
It consists of a spring-fed marshy fen or mire with reeds and sedge, and drier calcareous grassland containing a diverse range of flora.
It has a history of poaching and fox hunting, but since the late 19th century, the attention of botanists has been drawn to its large variety of flowering plants.
In 1856, James Frankland, Thomas Jackson and James Kendrew were sentenced to three, six and four months imprisonment with hard labour, respectively, for poaching at Farnham Mires and for beating those who tried to apprehend them.
It drew the attention of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union (YNU), who included it in their botanical and zoological excursions of 1885 and 1894.
Some original biodiversity, especially of flora, remains in the southern section of the site, but agricultural improvement has compromised natural flora in the northern section.
That is, it features calcareous grassland with underlying Magnesian Limestone, allowing some rare species of flora to grow in the topsoil, along with some local species.
Note: unless otherwise stated, the photographs in this section are for illustrative purposes only, and were not taken at the Farnham Mires site.
This SSSI was not designated as such for its fauna, the only mention on Natural England's assessment documents being possible rabbit nuisance in 2015.
Therefore the underground aquifers should not be compromised by commercial water extraction, nor should they be contaminated by heavy use of agricultural fertilisers or by industrial pollution.
The calcareous grassland potentially supports a large diversity of plants, but only if maintained to prevent it being overgrown with rank grasses and scrub.
Light winter grazing is recommended, to promote vegetation of varying height, and that in turn will support invertebrates and other wildlife.
Pesticides are discouraged to protect the diverse plant life here, but fertilisers are also discouraged because the protected plants require the naturally poor soil conditions of the calcareous grassland.
When the site was assessed in 2015, the of lowland calcareous grassland was judged to be in favourable condition, but under medium threat risk.
In the same year, the of lowland fen, marsh and swamp (the mire) was judged to be in unfavourable condition and recovering, but to be under a high threat risk.
The cattle grazing in the mire area had maintained it as recommended, opening up the vegetation for growth of a variety of species.
Regarding the proximity of Farnham Mires to nearby sites being considered in 2016 for sand and gravel extraction, the local councils' Minerals and Waste Joint Plan of that year recommended that checks should be made, of potential dust and air impact on this and other local SSSIs.
In 2018 an application to the Environment Agency regarding the development of a poultry or pig unit was accepted for a site within 5,000 metres of Farnham Mires.
There is also a concern that a balance has to be kept between national plans for water management for flora and fauna conservation, plans for commercial use of water and for flood management, and plans for available funds.
Other nearby SSSIs are: Bishop Monkton Ings, Cow Myers, Hack Fall Wood, Hay-a-Park, Mar Field Fen, Quarry Moor and Ripon Parks.
Her father went on to become master of the king's bench and later lord chief justice of chancery from 1919 to 1926.
He had been an athlete in his youth, playing cricket as well as competing internationally as an oarman and in rugby, winning the cap against England in 1877.
Jackson was a contemporary of Mabel Harrison and Patricia Jameson, and among the best female golfers in Ireland in the early 20th century.
She won the Irish Ladies Close Amateur Championship six times: 1913 (Lahinch), 1914 (Castlerock), 1919 (Portmarnock), 1920 (Portrush), 1923 (Portmarnock), and 1925 (Lahinch).
Winning in 1925 made her the first woman to win the competition six times, overtaking the five championships of May Hezlet.
Her unbroken row of four victories from 1913 to 1920, as no competitions were held from 1915 to 1918, equaled that of Rhona Adair.
She won the Golf Illustrated Gold Vase stroke-play competition in 1921, beating the top British female player of the time, Cecil Leitch, and the U.S. Women's Amateur champion Alexa Stirling.
She was the captain of the Island club team which won in the Irish Ladies Senior Cup in 1928, and a team member when they retained the trophy in 1929.
Jackson wrote extensively on golf in a number of publications, and was involved in setting the Standard Scratch Score ratings for golf courses in Ireland with the Irish Ladies' Golfing Union in the early 1930s.
It starred the members of the pop duo TVXQ; Changmin and Yunho, and boy band Super Junior; Leeteuk, Shindong, Eunhyuk and Donghae.
To return to 2019, they have to travel to several places in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and carry out tasks assigned to them.
They also have to wrote diary, describing their daily experience during the travel and compose a theme song along the way.
Their personal possessions were confiscated, and they were only supplied with meager allowance, digital camera, MP3 players, old fashioned mobile phones, backpacks and a guitar.
Director and producer, Kim Ji-seon said the idea of creating a program that showcase the raw and true appearances of the cast started back in 2018.
She explained that while she was working with signed artist from SM Entertainment, she realised that they have a deeper and more meaningful relationships between them.
It was more evident among the members of TVXQ and Super Junior who shared the same living quarters while they were still trainees, and grew into popularity together.
Kota Asakura, the director of YouTube Original for the APAC region said that both groups debuted at young age and does not have the opportunity to create memories, thus the travel documentary gave them chance to gain world experience.
Kim stated that they chose travel documentary as the genre for Analog Trip as it combined the show format that was favoured by the South Korean yet did not alienate the international viewer even with the language barrier.
It stated that a crew of 60 people from SM Production and Denise Production were to film around Yogyakarta from 20 to 24 March 2019, with the members of the duo TVXQ and boyband Super Junior as actors.
The cast stated that despite having travelled to Indonesia multiple times for work before, it was their first time going to Bali and Yogyakarta.
The producer, Kim Ji-seon said that she chose Indonesia as the setting due to the country's tendency of preserving the cultural heritages.
She felt that it was a place where the cast could explore their friendship in the past and present, and have the experience of going for a school trip.
In the interview held on 30 September 2019, producer Kim Ji-seon said that it was too early to talk about a second season.
She also said that if there is a second season, it might be in a different place like Russia or with different cast.
The show's soundtrack was released on 15 November 2019 on several Korean online music store, music streaming services and Super Junior YouTube channel.
All twelve episodes were immediately available for YouTube Premium subscribers, while new episodes were released every subsequent Wednesday for other viewers.
In the live stream, they interacted with the audience by playing games, answering viewers' questions that were selected beforehand and giving insights of their experience filming the show.
The second and seventh episode that were scheduled to be aired on 16 October and 27 November 2019 were both delayed, to respect the death of the casts' label mate, Sulli and actress Goo Hara, who passed away on 14 October and 24 November 2019, respectively.
The second episode aired on the following week, on 23 October while the seventh episode aired together with the eighth episode on 4 December 2019.
Tadeu Antonio Ferreira (born 4 February 1992), simply known as Tadeu, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Goiás as a goalkeeper.
In February 2013, he was loaned to Tupi, and made his senior debut on 3 March by starting in a 1–1 Campeonato Mineiro home draw against América Mineiro.
On 7 January 2016, he agreed to a one-year deal with Ceará, but left the club in July after making no official appearances, and subsequently joined Ferroviária.
On 24 March 2018, Tadeu scored his first senior goal by netting his team's third through a penalty kick in a 3–1 home defeat of Red Bull Brasil for the Campeonato Paulista championship; by doing so, he became the first goalkeeper to score a goal for Ferroviária in the club's history.
On 6 April, he agreed to a loan deal with Série B side Oeste until the end of the year, where he became an immediate first-choice.
It is one of two Formula One teams owned by Austrian beverage company Red Bull, the other being Red Bull Racing.
Heads or Tails (Italian: Testa o croce) is a 1969 Italian western film directed by Piero Pierotti and starring John Ericson, Spela Rozin and Edwige Fenech.
The 2019 season was Kristiansund's third season in the Eliteserien, the top football division in Norway, where they finished 6th and reached the Fourth Round of the Cup.
Cnemaspis dissanayakai, or Dissanayaka's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Polonnaruwa.
There are a lot of covers sung by Jass Manak floating around on the Internet, most of them are the same song under different names.
Though there are a few original short bits but they're of poor quality and don't qualify as singles so they're not listed above.
Cnemaspis kawminiae, or Kawmini's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Nuwara Eliya.
Desert of Fire (Italian: Deserto di fuoco) is a 1971 Italian adventure film directed by Renzo Merusi and starring Edwige Fenech, George Wang and Giuseppe Addobbati.
The historical population is given in the following chart: La Folliaz was formed on 1 January 2005 from the union of the former municipalities of Lussy and Villarimboud.
On 22 Dec 1697, he was consecrated bishop by Gasparo Carpegna, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere, with Gregorio Giuseppe Gaetani de Aragonia, Titular Patriarch of Alexandria, and Antonio Spinelli, Bishop of Melfi e Rapolla, serving as co-consecrators.
The 2020 FC Tucson season is the club's ninth season of existence and their second full professional season in USL League One.
Due to their ownership by a more advanced level professional club (Phoenix Rising), FC Tucson was one of the teams expressly forbidden from entering the Cup competition.
Maria Luisa Cicci (14 September 1760 - 8 March 1794) was an Italian woman of letters and 18th century poet, a member of the Arcadian colony of Pisa, one of the Intronati of Siena, and a salon holder.
The family was originally from Fucecchio but with proof of having Pisan origins prior to the year 1319 they were considered local nobility.
Then he sent her to finish her education in the Monastery of Santa Marta and then to the Monastery of San Bernardo until she was fifteen.
At that point she returned home where she began studying the poets and especially Dante, Francesco Petrarca, Publio Virgilio Marone, Omero, Fulvio Testi and in particular Gabriello Chiabrera and Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni.
The local circle included Tito Manzi, Giovanni Domenico Anguillesi, Elena Mastiani Brunacci, Francesco Masi, Giovanni Salvatore de Coureil, Luigi Migliaresi, Giovanni Salvadore De Coureil and Ridolfo Castinelli.
However shortly after the deaths of two of her close friends she began to feel ill and died on 8 March 1794 aged 34 in Pisa.
It was on the corner of Baggot Street and Waterloo Road, in Dublin, the asylum could accommodate 50 penitent women and the chapel could accommodate 1200 worshipers, it was run by a committee of benevolent donors, it was built between 1832 and 1835, it opened in 1835 and closed in 1945.
The 2020 Clemson Tigers baseball team are the varsity intercollegiate baseball team representing Clemson University in the 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season.
In 2019, the Tigers finished the season 4th in the ACC's Atlantic Division with a record of 35–26, 15–15 in conference play.
The former municipality of Noréaz is home to the En Praz des Gueux prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.
En Praz des Gueux is the only prehistoric lakeside settlement on the banks of a small lake in the Canton of Fribourg.
The site was discovered by accident in 1971 in a boggy area near the present shore of the Lac de Seedorf.
The novel's protagonist is Aram Shah, a widowed university professor who raised his daughter, Marisa, on his own after his wife died during her second pregnancy.
At the outset of the novel, he wakes up during a visit to the mountains and ponders the meaning of three dreams he had had overnight—of lions frail with age; of a palace reeking with disinfectant; and of a museum among whose holdings is a jar with an embryo.
The intensity of his feelings induces a stroke, and he reawakens, paralysed, in a small regional hospital, where he is tenderly cared for by a resident matron, Asika.
She is middle-aged like Aram, and the two are drawn together, as though they were a couple of half-dead people finding in each other's company a glimmer of life's renewal.
Instead of taking a plane home, he returns to the site where he had the stroke, and wanders through it under the beating sun.
Carne, Osso is a 2011 documentary directed by the NGO Repórter Brasil that portrays the reality of workers from Brazilian meat packing plants.
Amid long shifts and a lot of non-compliance with labor laws, the group reveals how the meat production chain works: absurd records for boning and techniques as degrading as painful to improve performance are just a few details of the risk involved in the running machine.
Rodrigo Levino, from Veja magazine, says the documentary escapes lending to the vegetarian lobby, being worrying and moving, but the directors fail due to inexperience and excessive partisanship, due to the choice and repetition of some images and the greater focus on RS and MS, in addition to not identifying debtor companies.
The 2019–20 season will be Ferencvárosi TC's 62nd competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 70th year in existence as a handball club.
ARM Aviación (formerly Aéreo Ruta Maya) is a private Guatemalan charter airline based in Zone 13, Guatemala City, with its main hub at La Aurora International Airport.
Berbain's interest in questions of social history and the human elements that drove economic systems led to her involvement in various organizations during and immediately after the war.
This included the Centre d'information interprofessionnelle, Cabinet du ministre de la Production industrielle, and the Comité interministériel pour les questions de coopération économique européenne.
Bénet was heavily involved in the French Resistance, and later was involved in advocating for POWs, deportees and refugees in France,during and after the Second World War.
Bénet's brother-in-law (it is unclear if this is Berbain's brother), then living in Algeria, took care of Simone's children, although her eldest daughter Christine, died in early 1950.
It is an assymetrical, sinuous line, often in an ornamental S curve, usually inspired by natural forms such as plants and flowers, which suggests dynamism and movement.
Curling whiplash lines were usually adapted from natural and vegetal forms, particularly the cyclamen, iris, orchid, thistle, mistletoe, holly, water lily and from the stylized lines of the swan, peacock, dragonfly and butterfly.
In the Art Nouveau period, the whiplash line appeared frequently in furniture design, railings and other ornamental iron work, floor tiles, posters and jewelry.
They are similar to the Arabesque design, used particularly in Islamic art, such as the ceramic tiles of the mosque of Samarkand in Central Asia, They featured prominently in the lavish decoration of the rocaille or rococo style in the early 18th century.
The Belgian architect Victor Horta was among the first to introduce the whiplash curve into Art Nouveau architecture, particularly in the wrought iron stairways and complementary ceramic floors and painted walls of the Hôtel Tassel in Brussels (1892–93).
The French architect Hector Guimard also adapted the curving lines, particularly in the gateway, stairway and interior decoration of the Castel Béranger in Paris (1894–98), and in the edicules over the entrances of the Paris Métro that he designed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900.
Guimard also used the curving whiplash line on a large scale on the facade of the house he built for he ceramics manufacturer Coilliot in Lille (1898–1900).
Another major figure using the whiplash form was the furniture designer Louis Majorelle, who incorporated the twisting whiplash line not only into his furniture, but also into cast iron staircase railings, stained glass windows.
The whiplash line in ceramics was also sometimes used for exterior decoration, for example under the peristyle in the courtyard of the Petit Palais in Paris, built for the 1900 Paris Universal Exposition.
The architect Jules Lavirotte covered the facade of several of houses in Paris, particularly the Lavirotte Building on Avenue Rapp, with curling ceramic whiplash designs made by the ceramics firm of Alexandre Bigot.
The use of wrought iron or cast iron in scrolling whiplash forms on doorways, balonies and gratings became one of the prominent features of the Art Nouveau style.
The architect Victor Horta, who had worked on the construction of iron and glass royal greenhouses in Laeken in Belgium, was one of the first to create Art Nouveau ironwork, followed quickly by Hector Guimard, whose iron edibles for the entrances of the Paris Métro became an emblem of the style.
In the posters of Alphonse Mucha and Koloman Moser, it was frequently used to depict women's hair, which became a central motif of the posters.
The line also appeared in decorative paintings, such as the series of wall paintings made by Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh of the Glasgow School.
Her paintings, particularly the White Rose and Red Rose decorative panels (1903), were exhibited at gallery Vienna Secession, where they may have influenced the decorative paintings of Gustav Klimt at the Palais Stoclet made the following year.
Art Nouveau was a comprehensive form of decoration, in which all the elements; furniture, lamps, ironwork, carpets, murals, and glassware, had to be in the same style, or the harmony was broken.
Victor Horta, Hector Guimard, Henry van de Velde and other Art Nouveau architects designed chairs, tables, lamps, carpets, tapestries ceramics and other furnishings with similar curling whiplash lines.
The whiplash line was intended to show the clear break from the eclectic historical styles that had dominated furniture and decoration for most of the 19th century.
Henry Van de Velde and Horta in particular integrated the whiplash lines into their furniture, both in the shapes of desks and tables, the legs, in the brassware handles, and in railings and lamps, as well as in the chairs.
In Belgium the most notable designer using the motif was Gustave Serrurier-Bovy After 1900, the whiplash lines became simpler and more stylised.
In the Glasgow School in Scotland, the motif was used in furniture by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and in highly-stylised glass and paintings by his wife, Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh.
His work often crossed the frontiers between sculpture and decorative art, inspired by the lines of forms ranging from dragonflies to bats to Grecian masks.
He made not only jewelry, but also bronzes, lamps, vases, glassware and other decorative objects, produced mostly for the Belgian firm Val Saint Lambert.
It heads east up a narrow valley through neighborhoods to leave Goulds and cross over a lake and wind its way through some mountains.
Route 11 heads straight through rural wooded areas for several kilometers as it gains some elevation before coming to an intersection with Blackhead Road, with Route 11 turning west on that road.
Route 11 continues northwest through rural areas for several kilometers to enter St. John’s, where it winds its way through neighborhoods for a few kilometers.
The highway has an intersection with Southside Drive at the bottom of the hill before crossing a river and coming to an end at an intersection with Water Street.
After working and receiving a PhD at Birkbeck College London, where he was hired by Rosalind Franklin, he worked at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge from 1962 on biological structures and macromolecules, including of nucleosomes and of viruses such as tobacco mosaic virus.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by 13 different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
In 1944 she was listed as homeported at Halifax, Nova Scotia with the RCN North-West Atlantic Command, Halifax Local Defence Force, Halifax M.L.
Force (Administered by Captain M.L.s, Halifax) with her commanding officer Lieutenant Commander Thomason (RCNVR) listed as the Senior Officer (S.O) for the 77th M.L.
In 1948 she returned to the ownership of MIL and sold Diesel and Marine Co. of Oakville, Ontario on 20 January 1950.
In 1973 she was sold to private interests and in 2009 was seen mooring and partially sunk in Nanticoke Harbour, Ontario.
According to British records, the uprising was caused by the Afghan government's attempts to institute conscription among the Safi, trading monopolies granted to Afghan merchant companies, and government surveillance.
Among the more enthusiastic rebel fighters were younger men with more to gain and less to lose from fighting the government.
The Afghan government extensively deployed its air force against the rebels, using aircraft to drop leaflets, gun down tribesmen and drop incendiary bombs.
Religious scholars among the Safi ruled that anyone who rebelled against their King and died should be excluded from being counted as martyrs.
In either 1944 or 1945, the Safi selected Shahswar as king, Salemai as prime minister and Amanul Mulk as minister of defence.
Shahswar was unable to defeat the Afghan government and in either 1945 or 1946, he fled to Mohmand tribal territory in the British Raj.
In 1947, after returning from exile, Shahswar had a reunion in Shulgara with his former prime minister and minister of defence, Salemai and Amanul Mulk.
Pommersheim earned a Bachelor of Arts from Bucknell University, Master of Arts from Columbia University, and studied at the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute on a Department of Defense scholarship.
He has served as Consul General/Principal Officer at the United States Consulate in Vladivostok, Russia and at six United States Missions overseas, including in China and Japan.
He also served as a member of the Privy Council of State for King Kalākaua and was his Minister of Finance from August 14 to September 27, 1880.
American missionary historian Orramel Hinckley Gulick, writing in 1918, stated that Kuaea was rescued from a hole in ground which his parents were planned to bury him alive in, as an act of infanticide.
Kuaea served as pastor of the native church at Hauʻula, Oahu and later at the church of American missionary John Smith Emerson at Waialua, Oahu.
In 1874, Kuaea was appointed the pastor of Kaumakapili Church, the church for common people in Honolulu, succeeding George Washington Pilipō.
He was succeeded by the interim pastor Henry Waterhouse from 1882 to 1883 before the appointment of Hawaiian pastor John Waiamau who served in that position until 1896.
Construction on the new structure began in 1881 with the laying of the cornerstone by Princess Liliʻuokalani (future queen) on September 2 and was completed on June 10, 1888 (after Kuaea's death).
This edifice was burned down in the Great Honolulu Chinatown Fire of 1900 which was started to control an outbreak of bubonic plague.
On November 16, 1874, during Kalākaua's 38th birthday morning services at Kawaiahaʻo Church prior to his state visit to the United States, Kuaea gave a speech to the king and the assembled worshipers at the church.
Considered an eloquent preacher, He offered a prayer, praised the king's efforts to save the nation's agricultural interest, and asked for the people to pray for his safety during his upcoming trip.
This commission was part of Kalākaua's vision of Hoʻolulu Lāhui (increasing the nation), an effort to combat the depopulation of the Native Hawaiian people.
The king had been at odds with his cabinet ministers for some time, and dismissed his entire cabinet on August 14.
He appointed a new cabinet with Italian adventurer Celso Caesar Moreno as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, John E. Bush as the Minister of the Interior, W. Claude Jones as the Attorney General, and Kuaea as the Minister of Finance.
William Lowthian Green was appointed on September 22 foreign minister in place of Moreno with the intention of retaining Kuaea and Bush.
On September 8, 1870, Kuaea married Tamar Makahiki (1851–1899), a student of American missionary Maria Ogden at the Kawaiahaʻo Seminary for Girls, as his second wife.
Their daughter Esther U. Kuala Kuakea (1874–1944) attended the Kawaiahaʻo Seminary for Girls and married 1896 Solomon David Koki and had two children.
Members of the Hawaiian legislature attended his funeral and wore an emblem of mourning out of respect for Kuaea's former association with the government.
His nephew and namesake was Moses Kuaea Nākuina (1867–1911), a politician, novelist, and traveling evangelist of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, who married Hawaiian female judge Emma Kaʻili Metcalf Beckley Nākuina.
Salemai ( 1940s) was an Afghan politician who served as Prime Minister under Shahswar, who ruled only in the Eastern Province.
According to British records, the uprising was caused by the Afghan government's attempts to institute conscription among the Safi, trading monopolies granted to Afghan merchant companies, and government surveillance.
Among the more enthusiastic rebel fighters were younger men with more to gain and less to lose from fighting the government.
The Afghan government extensively deployed its air force against the rebels, using aircraft to drop leaflets, gun down tribesmen and drop incendiary bombs.
Religious scholars among the Safi ruled that anyone who rebelled against their King and died should be excluded from being counted as martyrs.
In either 1944 or 1945, the Safi selected Shahswar as king, Salemai as prime minister and Amanul Mulk as minister of defence.
This list of film acting awards is an index to articles that describe awards given to actors and actresses in films.
Homer Chin-Nan Tien is a Canadian trauma surgeon and the president and CEO of Ornge, an air ambulance non-profit based on Ontario.
He also holds the rank of colonel in the Canadian Forces Health Services, associate professorship at the University of Toronto, and was former Director of Trauma Services at Sunnybrook's Tory Regional Trauma Centre.
He later underwent four years of further residency training in general surgery via the Canadian Forces and the University of Toronto from 1998 to 2002.
Tien's research focuses mostly on combat trauma care and war surgery, prehospital trauma care, and improving trauma care to populations working and living in remote areas.
At the time of its nomination it consisted of 15 contributing buildings along most of the 100 blocks of East and West Main Street in the central business district.
Veritas Vincit is a 1919 German silent historical film directed by Joe May and starring Mia May, Johannes Riemann and Magnus Stifter.
The first takes place in Ancient Rome, the second during the Renaissance and the third shortly before the First World War.
During his visit, he learns that their father is terminally ill and wants Nicholas to become the guardian to Genevieve and Matilda.
On December 12, 2018 it was announced that the pilot was picked up to series by Freeform with a 10-episode series order.
It was also announced that Thomas would be serving as showrunner with David Martin, Jon Thoday, and Richard Allen-Turner executive producing on behalf of Avalon Television.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 100% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 8.75/10.
Poornaprajna Vidyapeetha is a gurukula in Bangalore, that was founded by Sri Vishwesha Teertha Swamiji of Pejavara Matha, Udupi in 1956.
Swamiji's in his twenties took up the initiative of building an organization and went around collecting donations He set it up at a three and half acre land, purchased for Rs 7000, in a then remote Kattriguppe in South-West, Bangalore, with 12 students and two teachers.
The campus of three-and-a-half acres has a research centre, Sanskrit school and college, a hostel, an auditorium, and a temple dedicated to Krishna, Madhwacharya, Vadiraja and Raghavendra Swami.
Students typically join between the age of 8 and 14 and have undergone upanayana (sacred thread ceremony) as it a must to study Vedas.
Sri Vishwesha Teertha Swamiji's body, as per his wishes, was interred at the institution as per the Hindu tradition on December 30th, 2019.
Amanul Mulk (died c. 2011) was an Afghan politician who served as the Minister of Defence under Shahswar, who ruled only in the Eastern Province.
According to British records, the uprising was caused by the Afghan government's attempts to institute conscription among the Safi, trading monopolies granted to Afghan merchant companies, and government surveillance.
Among the more enthusiastic rebel fighters were younger men with more to gain and less to lose from fighting the government.
The Afghan government extensively deployed its air force against the rebels, using aircraft to drop leaflets, gun down tribesmen and drop incendiary bombs.
Religious scholars among the Safi ruled that anyone who rebelled against their King and died should be excluded from being counted as martyrs.
In either 1944 or 1945, the Safi selected Shahswar as king, Salemai as prime minister and Amanul Mulk as minister of defence.
She is an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Costa Rica, where she has conducted research in women's studies and political psychology.
She earned her PhD in psychology from the Autonomous University of Madrid in 1987, with a dissertation on sexism in Costa Rican education.
While pursuing her doctoral studies, she earned a Fulbright Award, which she used to compare sexism in American and Costa Rican texts.
González Suárez was the first director of the University of Costa Rica/National University of Costa Rica joint Women's Studies graduate program.
He married Dorothy Harpur (a daughter of Queensland Supreme Court judge John Laskey Woolcock) in November 1920, and was called to the bar in Queensland in 1924.
In May 1932 he returned to Tonga as Director of Education, and was appointed Secretary to the Premier a month later.
Between January and October 1934 he served as Acting Chief Justice, also holding the post between January 1935 and June 1936.
In 1942 he relocated to Fiji, where he was appointed Assistant Legal Advisor to the Western Pacific High Commission and a resident magistrate.
He retired from his posts in Fiji in 1958, after which he was appointed to legal positions in Cyprus and Gibraltar.
Rentschler graduated in 1903 with a bachelor's degree from Princeton University and in 1908 with a Ph.D. in physics from Johns Hopkins University.
In 1917 he began work for the Westinghouse Electric Company as a researcher at the Westinghouse Lamp Plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey and continued working there until his retirement in 1945.
Mudar ibn Nizar () is the supposed eponymous ancestor of the Mudar, one of the most powerful northern Arab tribal groupings.
According to the Arab genealogists, Mudar was the son of Nizar ibn Ma'ad ibn Adnan by Sawda bint Akk ibn Adnan.
He had one full brother, Iyad, and two half-brothers, Rabi'a (who gave his name to the other major tribal grouping) and Anmar.
Through his sons, Ilyas was the ancestor of the Banu Hudhayl, Banu Asad, Banu Tamim, and Banu Kinana—which includes the Quraysh, the tribe of Muhammad and the early caliphs—while Aylan was the ancestor of the Qays tribes).
Emil Velić (born 6 February 1995) is a Slovenian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bosnian Premier League club Mladost Doboj Kakanj.
Velić started playing football in the youth team of Slovenian club Domžale, who he left in July 2015 after joining and signing his first professional contract with Belgian First Division A club Sint-Truiden.
Velić left Sint-Truiden in January 2017 and shortly after, on 22 January, signed a six month contract with newly promoted Bosnian Premier League club Mladost Doboj Kakanj.
On 20 July 2018, he once again extended his contract with the club, this time extending it until the summer of 2020.
Since then, he has played over 70 matches for Mladost and has been one of the most important and best players in the club, being one of the key players that has kept his club up in the Premier League.
The women's long jump event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 29 and 30 August 1989.
Sean Jerguson (born February 3, 1972) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 22nd district from 2007 to 2012.
The land passed to the Van Leer family in 1720 or 1721, and Dr. Bernardhus Van Leer built the house with the help of his father-in-law, ironmaster William Branson, in c. 1742.
According to local historian Lucy Simler it was sometimes called the Black Mansion or the Van Leer mansion; she reported that it had ben speculated that it was built on the site of or taken material from an earlier building on the site built by the Stanfield family.
The hosts together with six highest-ranked teams from the previous edition are qualified directly for the tournament, they are joined by the top team from the Pan American Challenge or the top two teams if the host is already qualified.
The list includes awards for the performing arts in general, for supporting roles such as lighting and make-up, and for specialized genres such as magic and puppetry.
The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
Subsequently served as Munsiff-Magistrate at Perambra, as Sub Judge at Thrissur, Kozhikode, Kochi and Kottayam, as Chief Judicial Magistrate at Thrissur, as Judge Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal at Ottapalam, as Judge, Family Court at Kozhikode and Thrissur, as Additional District Judge at Ernakulam, Kozhikode and Thrissur, as Principal District Judge at Manjeri, Thalassery and Thiruvananthapuram and as the Chairperson of the Administrative Committee of Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram.
In the November 2019 event of the IWAS Wheelchair Fencing World Cup he won the silver medal in the men's sabre A event.
Prior to the launch, student activists at Cambridge accused the university of attempting to greenwash its relationship with oil and gas firms by stealing their group’s name.
He is professor of sociology at Stanford University, where he is also the co-leader of the Health Disparities Working Group in the Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences.
He previously served as professor of sociology at Northwestern University from 2007 to 2015, where he chaired the Department of Sociology from 2010 to 2013 and served as Ethel and John Lindgren Professor of Sociology from 2013 to 2015.
It heads west past some parks, homes, and businesses for a few kilometers before leaving Torbay and continuing northwest through rural wooded areas.
Route 21 now winds its way down some hills into downtown, where it comes to an end at the Atlantic coast at Bauline’s harbour.
Prior to the completion of Route 20’s Torbay Bypass in 2011, Route 21 continued southeast along Bauline Line to end at Torbay Road (Former Route 20) in downtown Torbay.
The naming of transit routes leading to a specific town or village sometime will include the name of the town in which it terminates.
The route is often in a straight line towards the community/town from a highway or main access road and have the generic name ‘line’ attached to it.
There are other such roads (lines) which exist in Newfoundland and Labrador as in ‘The Witless Bay Line’, ‘The Hodgewater Line’, ‘Horse Cove Line’ and ‘The Salmonier Line’.
Line is also used in inner city or community roads and are based upon family names as in ‘The Ruby Line’, ‘Doolings Line’, ‘Higgins Line’, ‘Roach’s Line’, ‘Hurley’s Line’, ‘Carey’s Line’, and ‘Quigley’s Line’.
The vessel is equipped with two revolving cranes built by Huisman Equipment B.V., each with a capacity of ; the main cranes can be operated in tandem to jointly lift .
The crane house is secured to the foundation using 1,100 bolts in diameter, held in place by nuts weighing more than .
Using the main hoist, each crane is capable of lifting a maximum of at a radius between ; lifting capacity drops to at a radius of up to , and at radius; the maximum operating radius using the main hoist is .
The whip hoist is capable of lifting at a radius between from below the waterline to above it at maximum draft.
The auxiliary crane is capable of lifting (or lowering) at a radius up to down to below the waterline; capacity drops to at radius and at radius.
Power for the ship is provided by 12 MAN 8L51/60DF inline eight-cylinder four-stroke engines equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to achieve IMO Tier III emissions.
Each engine has a maximum continuous output of at 500 RPM (rising to at 514 RPM), with an overall size (L×W×H) of , weighing .
The ship is propelled by a total of eight Wärtsilä azimuth thrusters, arranged with four at the forward end and four at the stern; each thruster has an output of 5.5 MW.
The WST-65U has a propeller in diameter driven by a propeller shaft tilted at 8° from horizontal to reduce the interaction with the hull and associated hydrodynamic losses.
A 12-point mooring system using Stevpris Mk-6 anchors, each weighing , and of wire rope is used to hold the ship's position during lifting operations.
The dynamic positioning system was able to hold the ship's position to within a area during simulated operations for sea trials.
In addition, there is a circular helipad near the berths, measuring in diameter, capable of holding , which is designed for an AugustaWestland EH101 or Sikorsky S-92.
GVA Consultants completed preliminary conceptual studies for a new crane vessel for Heerema in March 2013, and were awarded a basic design contract in February 2014.
Heerema intended for the new crane vessel to provide lifting capacities in the segment between the largest SSCVs (such as and , capable of lifting using deck-mounted revolving cranes) and floatover lifters (such as , capable of with significantly less flexibility).
One month later, in March 2014, Heerema signed a letter of intent with Huisman to supply the world's largest offshore cranes; the cranes were to be equipped on the new crane vessel, designated NSCV, for New Semi-submersible Crane Vessel, in lieu of a name.
In March 2015, Heerema Offshore Services B.V. signed a letter of intent with Jurong Shipyard Pte Ltd to build NSCV in Singapore; Jurong's parent Sembcorp Marine announced the contract, worth US$1 billion, had been awarded on July 15, 2015.
NSCV was planned to be built at Phase II of Sembcorp's Tuas Boulevard Yard, in an offshore dock measuring , and was scheduled for delivery at the end of 2018.
Daniel McGillivray Brown or Dan Brown (3 February 1923 – 24 April 2012; born Giffnock), was a Scottish nucleic acid chemist, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (1942), and a Fellow of the Royal Society (1982).
Brown was educated at the University of Glasgow, and King's College, Cambridge, and he became a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge.
Dreams Die at Dawn (Italian: I sogni muoiono all'alba) is a 1961 Italian drama film directed by Mario Craveri, Enrico Gras and Indro Montanelli.
While working with Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeroes, she was hit by a car while riding her bike in Nashville, which resulted in a skull fracture, a spine injury, and the loss of several teeth.
She continued touring as a violinist, even though she could not sing during this time, and worked on tracks for an anticipated self-titled album.
In 2014, she signed with Chop Shop/Republic, and released an EP produced by Jacquire King in September of that year; she then released a solo album digitally in 2015.
It is one of the species of Lepidoptera in which brachyptery (an anatomical condition of wing reduction) is known to occur.
Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam is a case of refugee removal that has had appeals that have placed it on the docket for the United States Supreme Court.
If he or she determines it is credible, a panel will hold a hearing to explore the immigrant's refugee claim, in detail.
However, under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, if the single frontline officer's initial assessment is that the fear is not credible, there is no route of appeal.
Thuraissiam was a Tamil, from an area known for prejudice and assassination, the frontline immigration officer dismissed his fears of persecution as not credible.
When giving birth, the mother had a vision of the sun entering her mouth, passing through her stomach and emerging out from her genitals.
In order to persuade Branchus to abandon the herding and accompany him instead, Apollo guaranteed the safety and promised a supply of good graze to the flocks.
On becoming a prophet, Branchus is said to have transplanted a shoot of the laurel tree at Delphi in the precinct of Didyma.
The women's javelin throw event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 29 and 30 August 1989.
Uwe Conradt (born 31 March 1977) is a German Christian Democratic politician who has been serving as Mayor of Saarbrücken since 2019.
He was Member of the Dudweiler District Council from 1999 until 2004 and became Member of the Saarbrücken City Council in 2009.
He succeeded Peter Jacoby as Member of the Landtag of Saarland in August 2012 until 2016, when he was appointed Director of the State Media Authority.
He succeeded Peter Strobel as Speaker of the CDU City Council Group in 2018 and ran for the office of Mayor in the local elections on 26 May 2019.
Both advanced to the runoff election which took place on 9 June, in which he surprisingly defeated Britz with 50.3 percent of the votes, ending a 43 years lasting streak of Social Democratic Mayors in Saarbrücken.
He assumed the office of Mayor on 1 October 2019 and is being backed by a so-called Jamaica coalition of CDU, the Green Party and the Free Democrats.
After moving to Frankfurt am Main and graduating from the Helmholtz School in Frankfurt in 1958, Iden studied philosophy, history and theater at Goethe University in Frankfurt.
At the same time, Iden met the director of the theater Erwin Piscator in Frankfurt, became his assistant and traveled with him for two years through Germany.
In 1972 Iden was a member of the Documenta 5 organizing committee, with director Harald Szeemann, and the same year he became a member of the German PEN club.
In 1981, after long negotiations with the heirs of Darmstadt entrepreneur Karl Ströher, he was able to acquire 87 works of American pop and minimal art, as well as high-quality German and European works of art between the 1950s and the 1970s for the museum under construction.
From 1988, Jean-Christophe Ammann takes over the management of the museum and opens the new building of the Viennese architect Hans Hollein in June 1991.
From 1982 Iden was professor of theater and art theory at the University of Music and the Performing Arts in Frankfurt am Main and head of the theater department.
He became known as a cultural journalist as an art and theater critic for the Frankfurter Rundschau, for which he has written over 3000 contributions over the years.
In June 2004, Peter Iden conducted an interview with Jutta Lampe Sharing the event of the metamorphosis for the review of the Strasbourg National Theater L'Outrescène.
In 1995 he received the Goethe Prize from the Hesse Ministry of Science and Arts and in 2006 the Goethe Prize from the City of Frankfurt.
The Santon Downham Tramway or Downham Hall Timber Railway was a long forest railway with a gauge of in Santon Downham near Thetford in England, which was operated around 1918 to 1922.
Together with the British Pioneer Corp, they laid the forest railway line near Santon Downham for the Home Grown Timber Board, part of the Ministry of Supply, during World War I.
The long main line ran from the sawmill on the Cambridge-Norwich standard gauge railway line to the High Lodge and a long branch line to Little Lodge Farm.
The sawmill was located on a siding southwest of the standard gauge line, where a creosote factory was built in 1947.
The line led from there via a railway line that was built by Stockton M I Co. Iron, which was temporarily reinforced for forest railroad operations by a central pillar.
A turntable at the school building served the branch line, which led eastwards along the river valley to Little Lodge Farm near Two Mile Bottom.
The main line ran westward through the village to Woodcock Cottage, where it turned south, probably using another turntable, and led on flat terrain and the hill southwest of the village around the High Lodge.
2081 and were delivered by Bagnall in March 1919 to the technical warehouse of the Canadian Forestry Corps (Minister of Militia and Defence, MofM) in the London borough of Bellingham.
Vij was born in Hazara District in then British India and now Pakistan in 1935 and moved to Singapore after 1947.
Before becoming Director of General Staff, Vij served in civil service and was Director of the Singapore Command and Staff College.
After leaving the SAF Vij became Deputy Secretary to Ministry of National Development from 1974 to 1975, then as Ambassador of Singapore to Egypt from 1975 to 1979 and Head of Training at Civil Service Institute until 1981.
The 2005 Scottish Liberal Democrats leadership election was an election to choose a new leader of the Liberal Democrats in Scotland, triggered following the resignation of Jim Wallace.
The result of the leadership election was announced on 23 June 2005; turnout of the 4,500 Lib Dem membership was 65%.
Leona was created by SNK to replace Heidern, her superior in the story; she had an integral role in the games' narrative form previously seen in her debut game.
SNK noted there were multiple conceptions that Leona's complete name is Leona Heidern as a result of being under Heidern's care but they said it is just a codename and her only name is Leona.
The popularity of Iori Yagami's berserker form first seen in his ending from the same game inspired the idea of Leona entering into her own alter ego.
As a child, Leona was cursed by a priest named Goenitz with Orochi's curse, which is also known as the Riot of the Blood.
Following her and the demon Orochi's defeat, Leona regrets her actions and attempts to end her life but Ralf stops her.
In the Neo Geo Freak's 1997 Volume 8 character poll, she was voted as the fourth favourite character 1,458 votes, composed of 187 votes from male fans and 1,271 votes from female fans.
UveJuegos enjoyed the character, noting despite replacing Heidern her character became popular with gamers due to her role in the narrative.
DieHardGameFan's Alex Lucard found the idea of Leona being related to the Orochi clan weird in the early games of the series.
Den of Geek compared Leona with the ideal child of the superheroes Hulk and Black Widow because of their similarities in abilities and their constant struggle to control their inner rage.
Den of Geek listed the Orochi forms of Leona and Iori were listed as the sixth-best altered video game characters based on their impact on the storyline.
Meristation compared Orochi Leona to a wild animal due to her aggression in this form and said the character's background and relationship with the clan are too gruesome.
The men's 82.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 17 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
Sivaraman completed her schooling from St.Teresa's Convent Girls High School, joined for graduation in English Literature at St. Teresa's College and completed from Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, completed Diploma in Journalism from Kerala Press Academy in 1987 and obtained Law Degree from Government Law College, Ernakulam.
During her practice, she served as Standing Counsel for the Corporation of Cochin from 2001 to 2010, Senior Government Pleader from January 2007 and Special Government Pleader (Co-operation) during 2010-2011.
Denis Ring (28 October 1897 - 26 May 1977) was an Irish hurler who played for Cork Senior Championship club St. Finbarr's.
He also enjoyed a brief career with the Cork senior hurling team, with whom he was an All-Ireland Championship runner-up alongside his brother Dannix in 1920.
Serra da Barriga is part of the Southern Plateau of Borborema, a geomorphological unit that comprises crystalline lands subjected to the action of hot and humid climate.
The area occupied by the Serra da Barriga and its branches to the northeast is the starting point the valley of a tributary from the Açucena creek to the Mundaú valley, reaches 8.6km in length and its maximum width of the Pichilinga creek valley.
To the north is the valley of the Açucena creek, and to the south is 3.35km of land giving the area an approximate territory of ​​27.97km.
The men's shot put event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 30 August 1989.
Giulio Negrone or Iulius Nigronius (1553-1625) was a Jesuit humanist orator and scholar, who also wrote under the name Panfilo Landi.
He headed a team which created a data visualization of the printing locations of books published in early-modern Europe, shown over time.
Catherine Todd Bailey (1951–) was a political appointee who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Latvia (Appointed, 29 November 2004 Left post on 4 February 2008).
Bailey was awarded the Honor of the Order of the Three Stars by the president of Latvia, the highest honor given to an individual for outstanding public service.
Bailey is the Chair of the Department of Transportation Advisory Committee on Human Trafficking for the United States Chamber of Commerce.
The Milos executions () refer to the mass execution by firing squad of 14 male civilians from the island of Milos in Greece by German forces on 23 February 1943 during World War II.
Objects from vessels sunk in the Aegean were often washed up ashore and it was a common practice among the locals to collect them without any German opposition.
This time, however, the oil barrels from the cargo were very valuable to the Germans who did not tolerate their appropriation.
The execution order was signed by Hans Kawelmacher, the naval commander of Milos who in 1941 had been involved in the mass execution of Jews, Gypsies and other prisoners in the Latvian city of Liep%C4%81ja.
Irmash () the leader in the production of road-building machines in the Soviet Union and the largest in Russia, with headquarters in Bryansk.
In 1956, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union established the production of equipment for the cement industry and factories of silicate and refractory bricks.
In 1964, it was reorganized into the Bryansk Plant of Irrigation Machines, becoming the leading enterprise in the Soviet Union for the production of rotor of a trench excavators, concrete-lining machines for the construction of canals, closed irrigation systems and other equipment.
District 12 covers all of Braxton, Clay, Harrison, and Lewis Counties and parts of Gilmer County in the center of the state.
The district overlaps with West Virginia's 1st congressional district and West Virginia's 2nd congressional district, and with the 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 46th, and 48th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The WHO/Health Action International Project on Medicine Prices and Availability was a partnership between the World Health Organization and Health Action International.
It also created guidance for low-and-middle-income countries to help their governments and associated health organisations to implement policies on drug prices.
There are 14 global core medicines that enable international comparisons, 16 regional core medicines that enable regional comparisons, and 20 supplementary medicines that are locally important.
This guide contains, for each drug, a set of prices from suppliers to developing countries and also a set of prices agreed by buyers such as government departments of health.
The World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO/HAI) made a conjoint effort to systematize the methodology of medicine price surveys and ERP usage, first publishing the WHO/HAI methodology in manual in 2003, which is frequently used in price studies in unregulated prices context often found in low and moderate income countries (LMICs), but it was also used in high-income countries.
This methodology was devised to improve price transparency and ultimately medicines availability and affordability, and is the basis of most medicine price studies in the LMICs.
The WHO/HAI mention the possibility of using different reference price providers in the same study, but this is challenging and no methodology is provided.
The comparison of the prices of individual medicines, instead of an arbitrary clusters of medicines (eg, using ATC levels), is considered the most robust method, although avoiding clustering then restricts the comparison to a subset of medicines available in all the surveyed countries since imputing may produce more bias.
It is advised to select countries with similar income status as the target one, as including countries with higher income can lead to higher reference prices.
Increasing the number of reference countries in the basket has an important effect for decreasing prices when using ERP for drug price regulation.
The final price of medicines is impacted by several price components at various stages of the supply chain, with later stages likely increasing the medicine's price.
Although the two taxonomies have strong similarities, the MWPP taxonomy relates to high-income countries with price regulation, whereas the WHO/HAI taxonomy includes more stages for non-price regulated settings, the major difference being the specification of landed price as a separate price component for the different intermediaries.
The WHO recommends the use of the median supplier price for the reference countries of the target medication in the International Medical Products Price Guide for all studies.
Although the manufacturer's price is advised for prices analyses, it is advisable, or even key, for the design of pharmaceutical pricing policies to calculate ERPs at different stages of the medicine prices according to the WHO/HAI, to examine the contribution of each stage in the supply chain to the final price and isolate them from the manufacturer's selling price.
The choice of the database(s) to use is also crucial and should not be solely made on considerations of availability, although this is an important factor.
The HAI maintains a regularly updated database of worldwide drug price surveys following the WHO/HAI methodology, which is a method that offers data collection tools to obtain medicine price and availability information in countries or settings where access to price information is not accessible in a centralized manner, such as in low-or-moderate-income countries.
Higher and Higher – The Best of Heaven 17 is a compilation album by English new wave and synth-pop band Heaven 17, released in 1993.
Additionally, he was Minister of Agriculture from 1992 to 1996, the longest term in Peru’s history, during the government of Alberto Fujimori.
He studied agricultural engineering in the National Agrarian University, where he later completed a master’s degree in Water and Land Resources Engineering.
He took up the role of Vice-Minister of Natural Resources and Rural Development in 1988, a post from which he resigned in 1989.
In 1991 he was named Vice-Minister of Agriculture and later assumed the role of Minister of Agriculture between the years 1992 and 1996, becoming the longest-serving person to hold this position, with a total of 4 years.
Absalón Vásquez has been accused of various crimes of corruption rooted in his involvement with the Fujimorist government of the 1990s.
Nevertheless, after a short time he was acquitted by the Supreme Court with a favorable opinion from the Supreme Attorney .
Vásquez began his political career in 1988, when he was named a Vice-Minister in the first government of Alan García, a role from which he resigned in 1989.
The species was first described in 2019, and the species name refers to Massilia, the ancient name for Marseille, the city from which the species was first isolated.
He showed promise as a juvenile in 2017 when he won one of his four races and finished second in the Solario Stakes.
In the following year he recorded an upset victory in the Irish 2000 Guineas but finished unplaced in his other starts.
As a four-year-old he won the Minstrel Stakes and the Prix Jacques le Marois and was narrowly beaten in a controversial race for the Prix du Moulin.
The colt entered the ownership of the Singaporean businessman Charles Ng and was sent into training with Ken Condon at the Osborne Lodge Stable, The Curragh, County Kildare.
He was from the eighth crop of foals sired by Holy Roman Emperor, one of the leading European two-year-olds of his generation, who unusually began his stud career as a three-year-old.
Romanised's dam Romantic Venture had a very brief racing career, winning a maiden race on her racecourse debut and finishing unplaced in the Matron Stakes on her only subsequent start.
The colt made his racecourse debut in a maiden race over six furlongs at Navan Racecourse on 24 April and started a 14/1 outsider in an eighteen runner field.
He started slowly but stayed on strongly in the closing stages to win by half a length from the Jessica Harrington-trained Brick By Brick.
The colt was then stepped up sharply in class when he was sent to England to contest the Group 2 Coventry Stakes at Royal Ascot and finished seventh, beaten two and a quarter lengths by the winner Rajasinghe after struggling to obtain a clear run in the last quarter mile.
On 13 August Romanised was ridden by Pat Smullen when he started the 8/1 fourth choice in the betting for the Group 1 Phoenix Stakes at the Curragh.
After being restrained at the rear of the field he made some progress in the closing stages but never looked likely to win and came home sixth behind the Aidan O'Brien-trained Sioux Nation.
Romanised was then sent to England for a second time for the Group 3 Solario Stakes over seven furlongs at Sandown Park on 2 September and finished second to Masar, beaten two lengths by the winner.
The colt made his debut on 7 May in the Listed Tetrarch Stakes at Naas Racecourse in which he encountered trouble in running before finishing sixth behind the Dermot Weld-trained Imaging.
Nineteen days later the colt was stepped up to the highest class for the Irish 2000 Guineas at the Curragh and went off a 25/1 outsider in an eleven runner field.
The British trained Elarqam (fourth in the 2000 Guineas) started favourite ahead of U S Navy Flag, while the other contenders included Gustav Klimt (Superlative Stakes) and Zihba (Amethyst Stakes).
He overtook U S Navy Flag 100 metres from the finish and kept on well to win by two and a quarter lengths.
In June Romanised was sent to England and started the 6/1 third choice for the St James's Palace Stakes at Royal Ascot but was never able to challenge the leaders and came home seventh of the ten runners behind Without Parole, beaten more than six lengths by the winner.
On 12 August at Deauville Racecourse in France the colt was matched against older horses for the first time in the Group 1 Prix Jacques le Marois.
He raced closer to the lead than usual but was outpaced in the closing stages and finished fifth behind Alpha Centauri.
On his final start of the year Romanised was a 40/1 outsider when he finished ninth of eleven runners behind Roaring Lion in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes at Ascot on 20 October.
He began his third campaign by finishing fifth to Imaging in the Gladness Stakes over seven furlongs at Naas on 13 April beaten less than two lengths by the winner.
The colt was then sent to England for the Group 1 Lockinge Stakes at Newbury Racecourse on 18 May and came home fourth of the fourteen runners behind Mustashry, Laurens and Accidental Agent.
In the Queen Anne Stakes at Royal Ascot on 18 June Romanised started a 25/1 outsider but belied his odds as he overcame repeated problems in attempting to obtain a clear run to finish a close fourth behind Lord Glitters, Beat The Bank and One Master.
On 20 July Romanised was dropped back in distance and class for the Group 2 Minstrel Stakes over seven furlongs at the Curragh and started the 2/1 second favourite behind the British-trained Hey Gaman (Prix du Palais-Royal).
All The King's Men led from the start before giving way to Hey Gaman but Romanised, who had raced in mid-division for most of the way, overtook the favourite inside the final furlong and won by a length to record his first victory in over a year.
On 11 August at Deauville Romanised ran for the second time in the Prix Jacques le Marois and started at odds of 7/2 in an eight-runner field.
The three-year-old filly Watch Me started favourite while the other fancied contenders included Study of Man (Prix du Jockey Club), Shaman (runner-up in the Poule d'Essai des Poulains) and Line of Duty (Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf).
Romanised settled in fifth place as his pacemaker Success Days disputed the early lead with Vocal Music before making a forward move 400 metres from the finish.
After racing in mid-division he took the lead approaching the last 200 metres but was overtaken in the closing stages and beaten a nose by Circus Maximus after being impeded as the winner hung to the left in the closing stages.
It is located about west of Ar Rass, about south of Al Nabhaniyah, and about north-west of Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia.
The Miss Hawaii World competition is a beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of Hawaii in the Miss World America pageant.
The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1992 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Qualifying Round for spots in the 1992 World Group.
The Line 2 station was opened on 6 November 1988 as part of the extension of the line from La Paz to El Silencio.
O Gwang-sun (born 17 July 1964) is a North Korean archer who represented North Korea at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games.
O Gwang-sun competed at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished fifth with a score of 2401 points.
Mabel Ellery Adams (2 February 1865 – 23 September 1935) was an American writer on education for children with special needs, teacher and principal in Horace Mann School in Boston.
She was a president of the Sarah Fuller House for Little Deaf Children, member of National Research Council at Washington on the Problems of Deaf and member of the Committee on the Hard-of-Hearing Child.
In 1907 she received Caroline Wilby Prize for an Inquiry into the Condition of one hundred deaf persons who have been pupils at the Horace Mann School in Boston.
In 1927-1928 Adams was a member of National Research Council at Washington on the Problems of Deaf and in 1930 member of the Committee on the Hard-of-Hearing Child at White House Conference.
In 1933 Adams attended twenty-eighth meeting of the convention of American Instructors of the deaf in joint meeting with an international congress on education of the deaf in West Trenton, New Jersey.
The locomotives were equipped with remote control ability (from a control car) between 1963 and 1966; it was not possible to control the locomotives from the units themselves.
They were largely unchanged during their operating lifetime except for having welded front doors near the end of their service lives.
The play follows a group of young supermarket employees as they rehearse a play written by the store's security guard for a local competition.
Patrick Canton (31 January 1896 - 24 June 1978) was an Irish hurler who played for Cork Senior Championship club St. Finbarr's.
The men's high jump event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 29 and 30 August 1989.
The 2020 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team will represent the University of Minnesota in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Golden Gophers will play their home games at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and compete in the West Division of the Big Ten Conference.
They finished with their highest win total ever, at 11–2, 7–2 in Big Ten play to finish tied for first place in the West Division.
In 1929, Miesse acquired the Bollinckx works, who had produced since 1890 gas and steam engines, and compressors and tools for compressed air; this allowed increasing truck production to 100 per annum.
Post-WW1 cars from Miesse had undersquare engines (69 mm × 130 mm), either a 4-cylinder of 2.0 litres or an 8-cylinder 4-litre; both models had many components in common.
Girl Made of Stars is a 2018 Young adult fiction novel by Ashley Herring Blake that was published May 15th, 2018 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
The novel focus on Mara, a student from Pebblebrook high school, who finds herself in a tense situation after her twin brother, Owen, is accused of sexual assault by his girlfriend, Hannah.
In addition, Mara is crestfallen after splitting up with her long time girlfriend, Charlie, and attempts to reconcile with her after she decided to break up with her.
Critics praised the novel for the difficult themes that Blake tackles such as gender identity and the liveliness of both primary and secondary characters.
Critics took exception with the amount of topics that Blake covered in her novel, arguing that the confluence of so many themes hurt the overall structure of the novel.
In 2019, Blake's novel was included on the Amelia Bloomer book list, an annual list compiled by the American Library Association to recognize books aimed at teenagers that contain strong female characters and feminist messages.
In the same year, Girl made of Stars was nominated in the LGBTQ Children's/Young Adult category at the 31st Lambda Literary Awards.
Twin siblings Mara and Owen decide to attend a weekend party where their peers from Pebblebrook High School will be present.
As she returns home, she sees her brother sobbing and her parents let her know that Hannah has levied charges against him stemming from the weekend party.
Mara scours the environment and as she sees a student hurl an insult at Hannah, she decides to pounce on him.
Mara's parents decide to ground her for the entirety of the suspension; however, they allow her to attend an after-school fundraiser.
She opens up to Charlie about her encounter with Mr. Knoll, a professor who fabricated reports of cheating against her to make sexual advances to her.
He agrees to end the relationship as he and Mara find the relationship to be unhealthy since he admits that he used the relationship to temporarily forget about his problems.
She reveals to Mara that she identifies as genderqueer; however, she fears that revealing this to her parents will disappoint them.
Greta picks up Mara as she trudges home alone after an argument with Charlie and apologizes for her actions in the student club.
She is reluctant to press charges against Owen; however, once the case is set in motion, she testifies and has her testimony rebuked by prosecutors.
She heads the Empowerment student club, a club that publishes a paper whose goal is to address the gender inequalities that women face.
As a result of Mr. Knoll's actions, she is traumatized and only opens up once she is in the company of Charlie and Hannah.
Her relationship becomes strained with Owen as she does not lend credence to his retelling of the sexual assault; however, by the end of the novel, she attempts to repair their relationship.
Once he pulls her aside, he exposes himself to her and threatens to fail her if she does not perform a sexual act on him.
Mary Cosola of Common Sense Media gave the novel a rating of four stars out of five, praising Mara's character as one with whom the audience can relate well in regard to the hurdles that she has to overcome.
Although Cosola admires the breadth of issues that Blake attempts to address in the novel, she argues that the multitude of themes ultimately winds up overwhelming the reader.
Leighanne Law of the School Library Journal praised the way in which the novel progress and the myriad of themes it broaches, considering the novel as a 'must-read young adult book'.
Fisher earned his Bachelor of Arts from College of William and Mary in 1972 and his Juris Doctor from Columbus School of Law in 1978.
President Bill Clinton nominated Fisher on June 26, 2000, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Richard A. Levie.
Adam Broż (born 27 January 1935) is a Polish art historian and journalist, who has been living in Rome since 1965.
At the same time, he developed his skills as a fine-art photographer and worked as a technical assistant at the Medical Academy in Kraków, performing scientific photography.
In 1965 he went on a one-year scholarship of the Margrave J. S. Umiastowska Roman Foundation to Rome, planning to research on the Italian Renaissance.
At once, he took the position of the secretary of the Margrave J. S. Umiastowska Foundation, Chair of which was Czapski.
In the years 1968–2012 he was the administrator of the Hospice of the Union of Polish Knights of Malta in Rome (the Hospice later renamed the House of Malta).
During his stay in Rome, Adam Broż completed a course in archeology of the city and its surroundings, and a course on paper conservation, including the conservation of books.
He helped in obtaining Italian marbles used to rebuild the interiors of the Royal Castle in Warsaw in the 1970s and 1980s.
The building was designed by Decimus Burton (1800–1881) as a seaside villa for John Ward, a friend, and completed in 1850.
Baston Lodge was the childhood home of the World War II codebreaker Alan Turing (1912–1954) and the is a blue plaque on the front of the building commemorating this.
It primarily serves the London boroughs of Islington and Haringey, but also provides some services to the London boroughs of Barnet, Camden, Enfield and Hackney.
They built a house on the property where they raised their sons Millard and Clarence, and bought additional land for their farm.
Both Millard and his brother Clarence were influnetial in the formation of Urbandale in 1917 with Clarence serving on the first town council and Millard on the school board.
Karl and Matie Urban acquired the house in 1947, and the Urbandale Historic Society bought the house from their estate in 1987.
Republic of China Armoured Vehicle Development Center () is a military designer and manufacturer in Taiwan which has been a supplier armoured vehicles for the Republic of China Army and Republic of China Marine Corps.
The Center was formed in 1980 in a partnership with General Dynamics in the development of the CM-11 Brave Tiger tank.
Jean Broward Shevlin Gerard (1938, Portland, Oregon-August 5, 1996, Paris, France) was the American permanent representative to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and is credited with playing a key role in the US pulling out of the agency under the Ronald Reagan administration.
When she was appointed in 1981, her mandate was to clean up an agency perceived to be badly managed and anti West under the leadership of Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow.
On December 28, 1983, the Reagan Administration decided to no longer try to pursue change and Gerard gave notice that the US would pull out and no longer provide financial support as of the end of business December 31, 1984, thereby cutting the UNESCO budget by a quarter.
Guernsey Airways had been formed in 1934 as a subsidiary of Jersey Airways to operate services between St Peter Port, Guernsey and St Brelade's Bay in Jersey.
On 31 July 1936 the Cloud of Iona failed to arrive in Jersey, it had departed around 19:00 and the journey should have taken 20 minutes.
At 22:00 the St Helier lifeboat was launched to search for the flying boat, it searched all night without finding anything.
In the morning a number of French military aircraft from Cherburg and Royal Air Force aircraft joined the search from the air, an RAF seaplane reported sighting facbric and plywood in the sea.
On 2 August three motorboats from Jersey returned with wreckage including wood, cushions and fabric which was identified as coming from the Isle of Iona.
The two passengers crossed to the other side of the boat as they realised the aircraft woulde pass across the bows, they didn't see the aircraft on the other side and assumed it had taken off in the mist.
Officials checked the bow of the ship to see if it had hit the flying boat but no marks were found.
On 3 August it was reported that an 18 ft long wing section had been found near Minquiers Reef and a float had washed up on a French beach at Annonville.
Two weeks later, on the 14 August, two Jersey fisherman found the wreckage (fuselage and engines) of the Cloud of Iona on the rocks 10 miles from Jersey.
In January 1937 the airline was prosecuted, in that they permitted the machine to be used on July 29, 30 and 31 without an approved wireless installation.
All on board were killed, they included five English holidaymakers and three people from Guernsey as well as the two crew (a pilot and mechanic).
He then worked for a while in Nykøbing Falster before serving as a volunteerin the Second Schleswig War where he reached the rank of lieutenant.
After the war, he returned to Copenhagen where he founded Mansfeld-Büllner & Lassen in a partnership with a childhood friend who had become a photographer.
Mansfeld-Büllner married Andrea Johanne Alvilda Rieneck (4 March 1849 – 30 April 1922), a daughter of master tailor Georg Wilhelm Rieneckm on 4 August 1870.
He lived at Bredgade 49 in Copenhagen before building the Osmanic Revival style Villa Hasa on Strandvejen in Skovshoved in 1898.
Villa Hasa was demolished in 1938 to make way for an extension of Hvidørevej in connection with the construction of the new Kystvejen (Coast Road).
131/2015 dated 26 November 2015 made possible the creation of the National Business Center (QKB), whose purpose was to simplify the procedures of doing business in the country by enabling registration and licensing procedures in a single institution.
Shoqëri me përgjegjësi të kufizuar () is a business entity established by one or several natural or legal persons, who are not responsible for the company's business liabilities and only cover the losses of the company up to the unsettled portion of their subscribed contributions.
Such a company is established by one or several natural or legal persons, who are not responsible for the company's business liabilities and handle its losses only by covering the oustanding value of the company's shares.
A joint-stock company may also act as a public or private offering company, in accordance with the Law on Securities No.9787, dated 21 February 2008.
Shoqëri Komandite () is a company in which the liability of at least one partner is limited to the value of their contribution, while the liability of other partners is not limited.
They operate in a sustainable manner, are organized and administered on their own and manage their activities with other third parties on behalf of the company.
The registration of branches and representative offices is done at the commercial register, inside the National Business Center, within 15 days from the commencement of the company's activities.
Jan Müller was born in 1967 in Soest, Netherlands as the son of the chief sound technician at the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (National Broadcasting Foundation).
At age 4, Müller and his family moved to the town of Huizen in the Dutch province North Holland, where he grew up and completed primary and secondary education.
After graduating the atheneum, he studied commercial economics at the Hogeschool voor Economische Studies (University of Applied Sciences for Economics) in Amsterdam and started a career in the advertising business.
He was from 2006 until 2010 board member of the Stichting Ideële Reclame SIRE (Foundation for Idealistic Advertising), a national foundation that runs advertising campaigns in the public interest.
In 2009 Müller successfully applied, without direct professional experience in the heritage or broadcasting sector, for the position of general director of the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, the multimedia archive and museum of the national broadcasters.
As director, he was responsible for the digitization efforts of the archive, a reorganization after significant budget cuts and the 2017 merger with the Dutch Press Museum.
Müller was one of the co-founders of the Media Memory Foundation in 2010, aiming to create a new archive for oral history.
Between 2011 and 2013, he was chairman of the Dutch Advertising Archive and Museum, ReclameArsenaal, between 2013 and 2016 supervisory board member of the Press Museum (which would shortly thereafter merge with Sound and Vision) and from 2010-2012 executive council member and from 2012-2016 president at the International Federation of Television Archives.
From 2015 he was board member of the Europeana Foundation and from 2016 until he transfer to Australia in 2017, he was chairman.
In 2017, Müller was appointed as chief executive director of the National Film and Sound Archive with a mission to help it digitize and to establish a national centre of excellence.
The list is organized by region and country of the venue or sponsor of the award, but some awards are not limited to films or actresses from that country.
In 1970, the Science Council of Canada recommended that the government of Canada immediately invest in industrial development of the aviation industry, including construction of aircraft, navigation aids, and regulation of air traffic.
Budget cuts at Air Canada, slow development of the Dash-7, noise concerns from citizens in Ottawa and Montreal, and inadequate infrastructure at Victoria STOLport forced Transport Canada to prematurely cancel the project in 1976.
Originally used as bush planes, the Twin Otters used by Airtransit were modified specifically for business travellers on short distance trips.
The aircraft were equipped with oversized disc brakes and traction control as well as spoilers for the wings, a de-icing system for the propeller blades, emergency brakes, protection against engine fire, and autopilot in case of damage.
The facility, which was design and built by E H Winn as a lasting memorial to soldiers who died in the First World War, was opened as the Helston Cottage Hospital on 21 May 1923.
Black began his career as a model and actor, appearing in commercials and videos for companies such as Visa, Subaru, and the Salesforce.
While on the board, Black has advocated for greater diversity and higher wages for employees within the Ohlone Community College District.
Black has been a vegan since high school, when he made the decision to stop eating animal products for moral and health reasons.
Landis served as the head football coach at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania from 1982 to 1985 and Bucknell University from 1986 to 1988, compiling a career college football coaching record of 34–37–2.
Cornelius Neenan (7 August 1894 - 25 July 1979) was an Irish hurler who played for Cork Senior Championship club St. Finbarr's.
Farzadi is senior member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, a member of its central council, as well as head of its regional branch in Azerbaijan.
He enrolled as a candidate for the parliamentary seat for Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr in the 2016 election, however the Guardian Council disqualified him.
It established in 1810 and opened in 1813, it was run by the Church of Ireland and located between Berkeley Road, Eccles St. and North Circular Road.
While inmates were from all religious backgrounds (some other such institutions only accepted women of the religion of the institution), they had to adhere to the rules of the house and were instructed in the reformed faith.
As with other similar institutions the penitentiary was affiliated to a chapel (St. Augustine's Church, a chapel of ease in the parish of St George).
In 1840 the trustees put the chaplaincy under the visitation and clergy officiate under licence from the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin.
The quarterfinals of the tournament were held at campus sites, while semifinals and final took place at Engelmann Field in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
The Milwaukee Panthers were the defending champions, and they successfully defended their title by beating the UIC Flames 2–0 in the final.
228th (Edinburgh) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery, Royal Artillery was a Scottish air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) formed in the City of Edinburgh during the period of international tension leading up to the outbreak of World War II.
In January 1938 Scottish newspapers reported measures to increase the anti-aircraft (AA) defences of Scotland's East Coast by the creation of new units of the part-time Territorial Army.
These included 228th (Edinburgh) AA Battery, Royal Artillery (RA), which was raised on 1 February 1938 under the command of Major Sir Eric Hutchison, 2nd Baronet of Hardiston, who had served in World War I and was a TA officer in the 62nd (Scottish) Medium Brigade, RA.
On 1 November the battery was brigaded with two other independent AA batteries at Dunfermline on the opposite side of the Firth of Forth to form 71st (Forth) AA Brigade (redesignated an AA Regiment from 1 January 1939).
The regiment was part of 36th (Scottish) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, which was responsible for the AA defence of the city of Edinburgh and the Firth of Forth.
On 1 April 1939, 228 Battery was transferred to provide the cadre for another new regiment in 36 AA Bde, 94th AA Regiment, with regimental HQ at Turnhouse near Edinburgh.
In June 1939, as the international situation worsened, a partial mobilisation of Anti-Aircraft Command's TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA gun and searchlight positions.
There was little action for AA Command during the period of the Phoney War, which allowed it to continue building up its strength and equipment, for which 3rd AA Division was given a high priority.
The gunners calculated the height of the intruder as , climbing to , which was beyond the Fuze range of their guns, but they passed the information to the RAF, which 'scrambled' some Spitfires.
The fighters flew out over the guns while the gunners continued to track the target, calculating that the gun time-of-flight to the Heinkel was 28 seconds.
While the fighters flew out to sea to gain height, the battery fired three salvoes of rounds at fuze settings of 22, 28 and 30 seconds to direct them to the target.
On 1 June 1940, all RA units equipped with the older 3-inch or newer 3.7-inch and 4.5-inch guns were designated as Heavy AA (HAA) regiments to distinguish them from the new Light AA (LAA) regiments appearing in the order of battle.
Although there were some night raids on Scottish cities, the main action in the Battle of Britain and the subsequent Blitz was over Southern England and there were few chances of action for the Scottish AA defences in 1940.
In January 1941 94th HAA Rgt left AA Command and became part of the War Office Reserve to mobilise for overseas service.
In May, 228 HAA Bty embarked for Gibraltar where it joined a newly-formed 13th HAA Rgt and absorbed the personnel of 19 HAA Bty.
On the outbreak of war in September 1939 the AA defences of Gibraltar had been weak, but the Royal Navy Dockyard and airfield became strategically vital in 1940 after the entry of Italy into the war and the Fall of France.
13th HAA Regiment HQ was formed in Gibraltar to command 228 (Edinburgh) AA Bty, a troop of Z projectors (AA rockets) and the radar battery.
The gun and searchlight (S/L) sites and Gun-laying radar (GL) positions were carefully selected so that the fire of 20 HAA guns could be brought to bear on a target approaching at a speed of 240 mph from any direction at a typical height of 12,000 feet.
During 1941 there were five air raids that were positively identified as Vichy French, another six were attributed to Italian aircraft.
A total of nine 'kills' were claimed with one 'probable', though the Vichy and Italian HQs announced higher losses than these, so some aircraft probably crashed in Spain or elsewhere.
On 29 June the Royal Air Force early warning radar detected one such raid at a range of 60 miles, which was duly picked up by GL radar as the aircraft turned towards the Rock.
One aircraft was illuminated by S/L and shot down, the others were engaged with barrage fire by the HAA guns and Z battery rockets.
Although bombs fell on the airfield causing some casualties, two more of the hostile raiders were shot down and crashed in Spain.
During 1942 there were six bombing raids on Gibraltar, two of which were unidentified, and 18 reconnaissance overflights, all but two of them German.
Some of the Italian raids missed their targets and dropped their bombs in Spanish territory, and Spanish AA guns sometimes opened fire as a raid passed towards them.
By the end of 1942, the AA defences of Gibraltar reached a peak of scale and efficiency, but the threat had dwindled: there were only two or three more reconnaissance overflights in the whole of 1943.
Then when that regiment embarked on 30 May 1941 to return to the UK, the battery passed to the newly-arrived 175th HAA Rgt.
After more than two years in Gibraltar, 228 (Edinburgh) HAA Bty was relieved in August 1943 and returned to the UK, where it rejoined 82nd (Essex) HAA Rgt in October.
At that time the regiment formed part of 35 AA Bde in 2 AA Group covering South East England, but early in 1944 35 AA Bde came under command of 6 AA Group.
This was a headquarters that had been moved from Scotland to the South Coast to command the AA defences in the Solent–Portsmouth area covering embarkation ports for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).
In March 1944, 44 AA Bde HQ moved down from Manchester to join 6 AA Group and take over the AA defences on the Isle of Wight covering the Solent, including 82nd HAA Rgt.
Shipping at Portsmouth was bombed on four successive nights (25–28 April) during the 'Baby Blitz' of early 1944, and there were sporadic attacks in May, but these failed to disrupt the 'Overlord' preparations.
82nd HAA Regiment moved in early May to join 60 AA Bde in 3 AA Group, covering the invasion ports on the South West Coast.
AA Command had prepared Operation Diver to counter these weapons, and AA guns were moved from all over the UK to strengthen the 'Diver Belt' in Southern England.
New HAA sites had to be quickly established, with static guns mounted on ingenious 'Pile Platforms' (named after the commander of AA Command, Sir Frederick Pile) and thousands of huts moved and re-erected to shelter the crews as winter approached.
AA Command formed a new 9 AA Group to take over the 'Diver' defences in East Anglia and in early December 1944 82nd HAA Rgt joined 37 AA Bde in this group.
By 1 January 1947 all the remaining TA personnel had been demobilised and 143rd HAA Rgt and 228 HAA Bty were considered as new war-formed units of the Regular Army.
On 1 April that year 143rd HAA Rgt was redesignated 75 HAA Regiment and 228 HAA Bty was formally disbanded at Laindon, Essex, to resuscitate 13 Coast Battery of the Regular RA as 37 HAA Bty in the new regiment.
Meanwhile, 94th (Edinburgh) HAA Rgt had been reformed in the postwar TA on 1 January 1947 as 494 (Mixed) (City of Edinburgh) HAA Regiment ('Mixed' indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were integrated into the unit).
On 1 January 1954, 494 HAA Rgt was merged into 471 (Mixed) (Forth) HAA Rgt (descended from 71st (Forth) AA Rgt that 228 (Edinburgh) Bty had joined in 1938), in which it formed R (City of Edinburgh) Battery.
However, this arrangement was shortlived; AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955 and there were wholescale mergers among its units.
471 (Forth) HAA Regiment amalgamated with 531 LAA/SL Rgt to form 433 LAA Rgt on the North bank of the Forth, but R Bty left to join three Edinburgh LAA regiments, 514 (West Lothian, Royal Scots), 519 (Dunedin) and 587 (Queen's Edinburgh Royal Scots) to form a new 432 LAA Rgt, in which it continued as R (City of Edinburgh) Bty.
In a further reorganisation of the TA on 1 May 1961, 432 LAA Rgt (except the West Lothian elements) was transferred to the Royal Engineers, forming Regimental HQ and 586 Field Squadron of 432 (City of Edinburgh) Corps Engineer Regiment.
In the reduction of the TA in 1967, 432 Regiment became 104 (City of Edinburgh) Field Sqn in 71 (Scottish) Engineer Regiment.
Having previously competed in the United Soccer League (since rebranded as the USL Championship), this is the club's second season in USL League One, the third tier of professional soccer in the United States.
Previously, Hamme's research demonstrated that the 2008 eruption of the Kasatochi island volcano resulted in one of the largest phyotoplankton blooms observed in the subarctic North Pacific, covering between 1.5 and 2 million square kilometres of ocean.
Hamme also noted that this phytoplankton bloom had a minor impact on carbon dioxide absorption levels as it absorbed only 0.01 petagrams of carbon.
Hamme is now an associate professor in the School of Earth and Ocean Science at the University of Victoria, where her lab studies air-sea exchange.
She is leading a team of Canadian researchers who have received $540,000 in funding from the Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada initiative to investigate the role of the ocean in slowing down the effects of climate change, including measuring carbon dioxide absorption levels and predicting future changes in Canadian oceans.
She was appointed as a Canada Research Chair in Ocean Carbon Dynamics (Tier 2) in 2014, which was renewed in 2019.
The Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works, also known as the Levi Eshkol Literary Award, named after Israel's third Prime Minister, is an annual award granted to writers in the Hebrew language.
The award is granted by the Ministry of Culture from its budget and in accordance with the regulations drawn up by the Ministry, according to which, every three years, a seven-member trustee board is appointed, including three representatives of the Minister of Culture and Sport and four from the Hebrew Writers Association, with a chairperson appointed annually by the Minister.
The winners are announced in December of the year ending before the calendar year during which the award stipend is provided (hence, for example, 2020 award winners were announced in December 2019).
Its stated purpose is to provide political and strategic leadership to represent the interests of local municipalities established in the process of voluntary association of territorial communities after Euromaidan.
He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly and as Minister of Works, Transport, Marine and Civil Aviation from 1957 until his death.
A keen sportsman, he chaired the Apia Rugby Union management committee and was president of the Western Samoa Amateur Sports Federation.
Travis McKinley spent four years as a professional golfer later in life and then he no longer was good enough to compete.
But this is nothing compared to the chance Travis gets to play some of golfing's greats in a tournament at the place where golfing began, at St. Andrews.
She represented Tunisia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's shot put F40 event.
Two years later at the 2017 World Championships she set a new personal best of 7.57 in the same event and she won the gold medal.
John Dorney (8 January 1887 - 15 May 1956) was an Irish hurler who played for Cork Senior Championship club St. Finbarr's.
He also enjoyed a brief career with the Cork senior hurling team, during which time he usually lined out at centre-back.
Era Money () is a Taiwanese business and political talk show that airs 8 to 10 p.m. NST daily on Next TV.
In 1998, he was arrested and summoned to the Special Clerical Court for criticizing the regime, despite the fact he is not a cleric.
The fruit is edible and it used to be planted near the Fundos for shade because it is evergreen and because of its fruit.
Parischnogaster is a genus of hover wasps from the subfamily Stenogastrinae, a subfamily of eusocial wasps endemic to the Oriental Region which are included in the family Vespidae.
Malachi Flynn (born May 10, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the San Diego State Aztecs of the Mountain West Conference (MWC).
He stood 5'2 in his freshman season in high school, then grew to 5'6 as a sophomore before a growth spurt made him his current height of 6'1.
As a senior at Bellarmine Prep, Flynn averaged Flynn was selected as 29.7 points, 6.0 rebounds and 4.0 assists per game, while shooting 48 percent from the floor.
He earned a host of accolades, including The News Tribune's All-Area player of the year, Associated Press Washington player of the year, the Class 4A player of the year by the Washington Interscholastic Basketball Coaches Association, and the 4A Narrows League MVP as a senior.
His 743 points as a senior set the single-season mark at Bellarmine Prep, and he finished with 1,625 career points, second to Abdul Gaddy.
In November 2016, Flynn scored 27 points in an 83–76 victory over Utah Valley, which is sixth most for a Cougar freshman in history.
Coming into his redshirt junior season, Flynn was named the preseason Mountain West player of the year by Mountain West Wire.
In a game in which he otherwise shot poorly, Flynn hit a last-second three-point shot on December 8 to defeat San Jose State 59-57.
The novel went on to win the Irish Novel of the Year Award as well as the Irish Book of the Year.
Pimentel was a member of the Secretary's Commission On Pesticides And Their Relationship To Environmental Health (United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) which issued a report in 1969 that recommended the banning of DDT and led to the creation of the EPA.
At the intersection of agriculture and food security Pimentel was concerned about the effects of chemical inputs and modern farming techniques on production in agriculture.
The Communist Party of Kazakhstan had been a branch of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The 18th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan took a decision to rename the Communist Party as the Socialist Party and split from CPSU.
Dissatisfied members of the old Communist Party recreated the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in October 1991 at the 19th Congress of the party.
CPK largely appeals to above-middle age segment of the population especially in Urban areas who have a strong nostalgia for Soviet times.
The party split at the start of 2004, when a group led by Vladislav Kosarev started accusing party First Secretary Serikbolsyn Abdildin of accepting money from questionable sources.
At the last legislative elections, 19 September and 3 October 2004, an alliance of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan won 3.4% of the popular vote and no seats.
At the 4 December 2005 presidential elections, Communist Party of Kazakhstan, Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan and the Naghyz Ak Zhol Party formed a coalition movement, For a Just Kazakhstan and supported Zharmakhan Tuyakbay as presidential candidate.
The party was banned in 2015 by the Almaty city court because the number of party members was below the legal of 40,000.
The sentence was denounced as politically motivated by the party leaders, and was condemned by the Communist Party of Greece, the Russian Communist Workers' Party and the Communist Party, Turkey.
As of June 2018, Groww had partnered with 34 mutual fund houses and around 5000 mutual funds were available on the platform.
As of Sep 2019, the company had raised $29 million in venture capital, had 2.5 million users with two-thirds being first-time investors.
The app and its services are available free-of-charge to the customer, with direct mutual fund plans made available in April, 2018.
Groww has SmartSave feature, aimed at saving account holders, where the money is stored in a liquid fund with an instant redemption option.
Groww wants to expand to stocks with parent company, Nextbillion technology, being a registered broker in cash segment with BSE .
It raised further $1.6 million, in June 2018, in a pre-series A funding round from Insignia Venture Partners, America's Lightbridge Partners and Kairos fund.
In Series B, a further $21.4 million was raised in Sep 2019, led by U.S.based VC firm Ribbit Capital, with existing investors Sequoia India and Y Combinator also participating.
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs of the Soviet Union was the central body of military command and control of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union from November 12, 1923 to March 15, 1934.
The People's Commissariat was formed from two independent People's Commissariats (for Military and for Naval Affairs of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic).
Wyatt Miller (born October 23, 1995) is an American football offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).
Miller was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent after the 2019 NFL Draft on May 10.
On December 24, 2019, he was signed by the Dallas Cowboys from the Cincinnati Bengals' practice squad, to take the roster spot of the injured Xavier Su'a-Filo.
In 1967, she was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of El Salvador, a position she held until 1971.
She left El Salvador in 1972 after the university faced military intervention (part of the run-up to the Salvadoran Civil War).
From 1972 to 1994, Rodríguez worked as a consultant for the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, supporting the Representative Office in developing teaching and research centres, as well as health and science programs, in Latin American countries, including Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela.
Over the course of her career, she authored over one hundred publications in the fields of biomedicine, medical education, international health, primary health care, and university policy.
At the end of her term in 2014, she was named Presidential Advisor on Health and Education, working to achieve universal health coverage and universal high-quality education in her country.
In 2015, the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization named her a Public Health Hero of the Americas, their highest distinction.
The men's 800 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 28 August 1989.
Commander Mountain is a 3,371 meter (11,060 ft) glaciated mountain summit located west-southwest of Invermere in the Purcell Mountains of southeast British Columbia, Canada.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Commander Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from its surrounding glaciers drains into Horsethief Creek which is a tributary of the Columbia River.
Together with his brothers, Canice and Laurence, he also helped Carrickmore win the Tyrone Senior Football Championship in 1977, 1978 and 1979.
She was subsequently a member of the Northern Ireland teams at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and at the 2019 Netball World Cup.
Before 2003 the club did not have girls or ladies teams so Woods played with boys teams up to under-14 level.
She also played for UUJ in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 O'Connor Cup finals and for Queen's University in the 2014 final.
The group's name is based on the baseball term used to refer to an irregular ball that bounces as a result of imperfections in its spin.
She was Queen of the Lakes - the longest ship on the Great Lakes - when she was launched in 1905.
He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Spotsylvania as a member of the 20th Michigan Infantry.
With his unit he participated in many battles: Fredericksburg, Horseshoe Bend, Jackson, Vicksburg, Blue Springs, the Siege of Knoxville, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, and the Crater.
He was wounded at the Crater, and was discharged in July of 1865 from Harper Hospital in Detroit, having been promoted to the rank of Sergeant.
Between his sophomore and junior years he had an hip operation as he was growing to fast and the bones in his hip separated.
After mediocre senior season, he was not recruited by any colleges and rejected by the schools he applied to due to academic reasons.
After having a successful second season with NCCC basketball team, he decided to spend his last two seasons with Gannon College.
A short time later, Hockenos visited St. Francis University at the behest of Pete Lonergan, a former assistant coach at NCCC.
After sitting out his first semester, Hockenos played two seasons for St. Francis where he averaged 13.7 points in 41 games.
For the season he scored 407 points in 14 games, for an average of 29.1 points per game, good for second in the league in scoring, behind Dirk Dunbar, and was named the Player of the Year.
Booggze grew up in Malvern, Toronto in a council flat where he often was met with street violence and hard drugs.
He discovered his passion for music at age 12 and states that his influences include iconic artists Snoop Dogg, Jadakiss, and Lil Wayne, as well as Toronto artist Drake and Justin Bieber.
Booggz states he has been rapping since the age of 12, however in 2012 at the age of 17, had started to release numerous mixtapes alongside Buck and Yung Sav.
Route 41, also known as Tuckers Hill Road and Beachy Cove Road, is a north-south highway located entirely in the town of Portugal Cove-St. Phillips on the island of Newfoundland.
Route 41 begins as Tuckers Hill Road in the St. Philips portion of town at an intersection with Route 50 (St. Thomas Line/Thorburn Road).
It winds its way through hilly terrain through neighborhoods before having a Y-Intersection with Witch Hazel Drive, where the road becomes Beachy Cove Road.
Route 41 comes to an end shortly thereafter at an intersection with Route 40 (Portugal Cove Road/Ferry Terminal Road), directly beside the Bell Island Ferry terminal.
The Rattlers, led by 3rd-year head coach Robert McCullum, play their home games at the Teaching Gym in Tallahassee, Florida as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
Brennan's enthusiasm for acting was noted when she was eight years old by her drama teacher who suggested private lessons to her parents, and Brennan returned to this interest after taking voluntary redundancy from Irish Life.
She studied for her teacher's diploma at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and spent ten years as a full time actor.
Through this work she has investigated the importance of building resilience for brain health through mental stimulation and exercise (amongst other factors), which has formed the foundations of much of her subsequent research.
She was co-director of the Neuro-Enhancement for Independent Lives (NEIL) research programme granted by Atlantic Philanthropies to develop interventions to slow or halt cognitive decline.
She was a co-applicant of a successful European Union Framework Programme 7 funding project, which established the Hello Brain website and app to enable people to engage with brain research and to provide tips on protecting brain health.
With funding from the NEIL project, she developed a series of films addressing memory loss and brain health with Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Brain Health called Freedem.
Mason Marchment (born June 18, 1995) is a Canadian ice hockey forward currently playing for the Toronto Marlies in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Despite not playing major junior hockey until the age of 19, the Maple Leafs signed Marchment to an American Hockey League contract in 2016.
On January 1, 2020, after losing several forwards to injury, the Maple Leafs called up Marchment to make his NHL debut the following night against the Winnipeg Jets.
Marchment is the son of longtime NHL defenseman Bryan Marchment, who currently serves as a scout and coach for the San Jose Sharks and his wife, Kim.
A group consisting of five people who do not know each other go to each individual's house every evening and rate the food on a scale of 0 to 10.
Show TV's Interior Productions Director Caner Erdem stated in his interview that the underlying reason for the popularity of the program was the reality of daily interactions that was reflected in it.
According to sociologist Zafer Yenal the interest in the public and political arena in recent years, the impact of the world recession and the increasing sequence of interest in many parts of the private sphere are the most important factors that make this program popular in Turkey.
His uncle, Samuel J. Kirkwood, served as the 5th and 9th Governor of Iowa, and later as Senator and as the 14th United States Secretary of the Interior.
María Emilia Islas Gatti (Montevideo, April 18, 1953 - disappeared on September 27, 1976) was a Uruguayan political activist, who disappeared in Buenos Aires in 1976.
In 1965, María Emilia entered the Zorillia de San Martin high school where she became engaged in politics and political organizing.
In 1970 she became more involved and joined the , the Oriental Revolutionary Popular Organization 33 (OPR 33); Asociación de Estudiantes de Magisterio en la Resistencia Obrero Estudiantil (ROE) and finally in Argentina, with the (PVP).
According to testimony given by Orestes Estanisalo Bello, the couple was interrogated by personnel from the Servicio de Inteligencia Uruguayo (SID).
The 1978 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders.
The 2019–20 Kazakh protests are a series of civil protests that took place in cities across Kazakhstan, commencing in February 2019 after a fire in Nur-Sultan (formerly named Astana) killed five children.
Some commentators attribute President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev's decision to dismiss the government of Prime Minister Bakhytzhan Sagintayev later that month in part to the protests.
Nazarbayev later himself resigned on 19 March 2019 and was replaced as President by Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, the speaker of the upper house of parliament.
Protests continued to be reported in the rest of the year, including protests marking Independence Day in Nur-Sultan and Almaty on 16 December.
Public rallies that have not been permitted by the government are illegal in Kazakhstan, although Tokayev has stated he intends to liberalize the laws governing public protests.
A public poll released in October suggested that a plurality of Kazakhs, 43%, viewed public demonstrations positively, with 16% expressing a negative view and another 41% not expressing an opinion.
Protest movements in Kazakhstan include the December 1986 Jeltoqsan protests while Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union and the December 2011 Zhanaozen massacre in which 14 protestors were killed.
On 4 February 2019, five sisters were killed by a house fire in Nur-Sultan that broke out at night, while both their parents were working night shifts.
A protest in Nur-Sultan at a public event where Mayor Bakhyt Sultanov was speaking resulted in him being shouted off the stage.
On 21 February, President Nursultan Nazarbayev issued a statement announcing he had dismissed the government led by Prime Minister Bakytzhan Sagintayev.
On 19 March, Nazarbayev unexpectedly resigned as President, leading to the appointment of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, the speaker of the upper house of parliament, as the new President of Kazakhstan.
Nazarbayev retained his status in several powerful positions, such as being Chairman of the Security Council and Chairman of the ruling party Nur Otan and in October 2019 gained the right to veto appointments of most ministers, of provincial governors and of some other senior officials.
Tokayev called a snap presidential election held on 9 June 2019, which saw him elected with a majority of over 70% of the vote.
Ablyazov and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan initiated further protests in both Nur-Sultan and Almaty in October 2019, which police said resulted in 26 people being arrested.
Around 50 female protesters gathered in front of the Labor and Social Protection Ministry on January 13 demanding an increase in financial support to single mothers, mothers taking care of handicapped children, and those with low incomes.
On 16-17 January, rallies were held by car owners in different cities, protesting the high cost of fees to register the vehicles imported from the EEU countries.
The fees are around the same price as the cars themselves and the law has been in effect for more than year.
She pressed school officials in the Central Area schools to improve the academic programmes, and later became an organizer of the Central Area School Board.
In 1968 she led a group of around 50 indigenous and black people in a convoy of buses to Washington, D.C., to voice grievances about their living conditions; the group became known as the Poor People's Campaign.
While studying at Oxford, Bowden-Smith made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1861, playing against the Marylebone Cricket Club and Cambridge University.
He held various curacies between 1864–75, before becoming the vicar of St Luke's, Southampton in 1875 and the rector of St Lawrence's Church, Weston Patrick in 1881.
Oranjestad West It is one of the 9 regions into which the Caribbean island of Aruba, an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is divided.
It is located northwest of the main island of Aruba, south of Region Noord (or northern region), west of Paradera and north of Oranjestad Oost.
Oranjestad West has an area of 9.29 square kilometers and a population of 13976 people for the year 2010 which represents an increase from the year 2000 when it registered 12131 people and the 1991 census when it had 8779.
It has been selected and awarded at several film festivals including Rhode Island International Film Festival in August 2019 where it won the Oscar Qualifying Best Short Film Award.
The film was also nominated at the 9th Magritte Awards ceremony in February 2019 in Best Live Action Short Film category.
It was set to music around ninety times firstly by Leonardo Vinci, whose version premiered in Rome on 2 January 1730.
The libretto was the fourth of five that Metastasio wrote for the Teatro delle Dame in Rome between 1727 and 1730.
The libretto tells the story of the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great and his defeat of king Porus in 326 BCE at the Battle of the Hydaspes.
The action takes place on the banks of the Hydaspes, where Alexander’s camp stands on one side of the river and the residence of Cleofide on the other.
To protect his king, Gandarte offers to exchange clothes, and from then on Poro appears as Asbite and Gandarte as Poro.
After Asbite / Poro is introduced Alessandro as a friend of Poro, Alessandro releases him and asks him to tell Poro that all he had to do was submit in order to secure to peace.
However, Asbite assures her that he knows Poro's intentions very well and warns Alessandro about Cleofide, who once loved Poro and has now become unfaithful to him.
Cleofide begs the fleeing Poro not to leave her, but only when she threatens to plunge into the river and finally promises him marriage does he give in.
With the enemy approaching, Poro pulls out his dagger to kill both Cleofide and himself, but Alessandro snatches it from him.
Alessandro tells Cleofide that he has failed to calm his soldiers' anger, and Cleofide is ready to die as a martyr.
Since Cleofide does not want this, Gandarte, who is still dressed as Poro, comes out of hiding and offers himself as a sacrifice to save Cleofide.
Erissena meets Poro, who is believed to be dead, but the report of his death was only spread by Timagene for his own protection after he released him.
When Timagene replies that mercy would be out if the question in such a case, Alessandro shows him the incriminating letter.
Asbite/Poro comes to talk to Timagene about the planned ambush but Timagene no longer wants to have anything to do with it.
In return, Poro rewards Gandarte's steadfastness with the hand of his sister Erissena, and Alessandro gives him the land beyond the Ganges as a gift.
The magnanimous Alessandro opposes the treacherous Timagene, and the couples also complement each other with their contrasting main features: the jealous Poro combines with the faithful Cleofide, the reliable Gandarte with the coquettish Erissena.
To suit the tastes of a London audience he cut back the recitative; the first four scenes of Act 2 were also cut to move the action along.
Furthermore as the baritone who was to play Timagene, Giovanni Commano, was not a strong singer, so Handel cut much of the material his role was to have sung.
the first phase was held on December 5, 2018, while that for the second phase took place on December 9, 2018.
The 2021 New York City mayoral election will take place in 2021 to replace outgoing Mayor Bill de Blasio, who is term-limited.
Pundits see potential candidates in Public Advocate Jumaane Williams, Council Speaker Corey Johnson, Comptroller Scott Stringer, Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams, and Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr..
Knut Casimir Petre (24 April 1831 in Ovansjö, Gävleborg County– 9 September 1889), was a Swedish ironmaster and member of the Riksdag.
He was an Ottawa City Councillor from 1975 to 1985, serving on the city's Board of Control from 1978 to 1980 before it was abolished.
He ran on a platform of replacing the property tax system with an income tax, changes in zoning by-laws, and the closing of establishments which profit from the exploitation of sex, the cancellation of the Central Canada Exhibition's lease at Lansdowne Park and a fully subsidized rapid transit system.
Bourns ran again in the 1974 municipal election for Wellington Ward alderman, a seat which was opened up by Joe Cassey who was running for a seat on the Board of Control.
He ran on a reform platform, advocating for the creation of non-profit housing, adequate day-care, recreation facilities and more greenspace in Downtown Ottawa.
At just 23 years old, Bourns won the seat in a surprise victory, winning the seat with 45% of the vote, defeating Matthew McGrath, who finished in second place with 32% of the vote.
In 1976, he resigned from five organizations (including the Centretown Citizens' Corp.) he was a member of to avoid being caught in a conflict of interest.
He called for a freeze on the development of new office complexes until the federal government can agree on the direction in growth in the ward.
Bourns easily defeated his conservative challengers, winning 70% of the vote in an election which saw city council shift to the left.
When he was first elected to council, Bourns was seen as a thorn in the side of developers and the city's downtown business committee.
After the election, Bourns' wife was appointed as the executive assistant to mayor Marion Dewar, which some aldermen complained was a conflict of interest.
Bourns, whose spot on council also made him a regional councillor supported Rideau Township's Bill Tupper for Regional Chair of Ottawa-Carleton, whose bid lost to Andrew S. Haydon.
During his first term on the Board of Control, while he continued to develop contacts in the business community, Bourns continued to fight for the same principles as earlier in his career, such as for social services and better public transit, and kept a keen interest in his former ward, supporting revitalizing the downtown core.
City council voted to abolish the board of control in 1979 (whose abolition Bourns supported), so Bourns ran for a spot on city council instead, opting to run in the new suburban Billings Ward.
Bourns lived in Dalhousie Ward at the time, but did not want to run against incumbent Rolf Hasenack, who he believed was doing a good job.
Bourns won the seat with 41% of the vote, defeating conservative motel owner Bill Zlepnig who won 34% and Ottawa Board of Education trustee Geraldine Trudel who won 25%.
During his first term as the alderman for Billings, he worked with South Keys residents to persuade developers to reduce the number of townhouses proposed in the neighbourhood.
Bourns was once again opposed by Zlepnig, who this time received the endorsement of Geraldine Trudel, who finished third in 1980.
The endorsement did not help Zlepnig however, as Bourns went on to defeat Zlepnig with 55% of the vote to Zlepnig's 45%.
After his re-election, Bourns ran for re-election as chair of the planning board, but there was an 8-8 tie in the council vote with Graham Bird.
He was also considered likely to run for mayor in the 1985 municipal election, but decided against it, citing a desire to spend time with his family, his side-career as a business consultant and getting a master's degree in business administration from the University of Ottawa.
In August 1985, he announced he would not be running for re-election as alderman either and endorsed fellow progressive alderman Marlene Catterall in the mayoral race.
Bourns was seceded on council by his executive assistant Joan O'Neill who defeated Zlepnig who ran for the seat once again.
In 1987, he was again rumoured to run for the NDP in Ottawa South for the Ontario general election, 1987, but opted against it.
At this time, he was urged to run for Regional Chair in the 1991 municipal elections (the first direct election for the job), but ultimately did not do so.
In 1993, while working as an accountant for KPMG, he was appointed by the provincial government to study the possible amalgamation of the region's five school boards.
It was the last time that this distance was contested at the Universiade before being replaced with 10 kilometres in 1991.
Adams worked as a teacher and was involved in several groups, including the Teacher's League of South Africa (TLSA), Non European Unity Movement (NEUM) and the National Liberation Front (NLF).
She was then detained in Maitland under the General Law Amendment Act, 1963 which allowed the police to detain people without a warrant for 90 days.
The Quakers helped her flee South Africa and settle in the United Kingdom where she gained citizenship in 1976.In London, she continued to work for the Quakers and got to know Dora Taylor and Isaac Bangani Tabata.
In 1991, Adams and her husband moved back to South Africa where she worked for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission at the University of Western Cape.
The Downing Street Christmas Tree is the christmas tree placed on Downing Street, outside 10 Downing Street which is the official office and residence of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
The tree arrives in Downing Street around the end of November with the lighting ceremony taking place at the beginning of December which is broadcast live by news broadcasters such as BBC News.
Members of the British Christmas Tree Growers Association take part in an annual competition for 'growth of the year' and 'champion festive wreath' with the winners being selected to provide their tree and wreath to be displayed outside No.10 Downing Street.
All members of the association are invited to take part with competition entries for best tree and best wreath being judged by fellow growers around two months before Christmas day.
The lighting ceremony is held by the Prime Minister, and other members of the prime minister's family who usually say a few words before the lighting.
The event is attended by various guests such as staff members, charity volunteers and members of the British Armed Forces and their families.
In 2008, Sarah Brown switched on the lights when her huband, Gordon Brown was prime minister with the help of cub scouts and Beaver Scouts.
From the late 1960s, he was post-doctoral assistant, academic advisor, and then Academic Director at the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich where he also taught (and continues to teach in retirement) courses on Demotic and Ancient Egyptian legal sources as well as Egyptian.
The North Korea women's national football team has represented North Korea (Korea DPR) at the FIFA Women's World Cup at four stagings of the tournament; they appeared in every edition from 1999 to 2011.
The lac Berthiaume (English: Berthiaume lake) is a freshwater body crossed by the Métascouac River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of Berthiaume Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the west) from Lac des Pruches and Robillard, the outlet (coming from the north) from Lake Pérusse, the Métascouac river (coming from the northeast), the outlet from Lake Dyotte, outlet of Atlas Lake.
In October 2001, Brighton boss Adams left the club to work as Dave Bassett's assistant at Leicester City, being replaced by former Leicester manager Peter Taylor.
The transition proved to be a plus point for Brighton, who maintained their good form and ended the season as Division Two champions – winning a second successive promotion.
Maílton dos Santos de Sá (born 31 May 1998), known simply as Maílton, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right-back for Atlético Mineiro.
The monastery was suppressed in 1791 in the French Revolution, but the abbey church survived, although with significant damage and unsympathetic restoration in the 19th century, as a parish church.
The history of photography in Albania begins with the Marubi Dynasty and its founder Pietro Marubi (1834–1903), who settled in the northwestern city of Shkodër from Piacenza, Italy during the second half of the nineteenth century and opened the first photography studio there in 1858.
Having no children of his own, Pietro Marubi’s first assistants and faithful successors were Mati and Kel Kodheli, the sons of his gardener Rrok Kodheli.
When Mati died prematurely at age nineteen, in 1881, Pietro adopted Kel, whom he also sent to Italy to study and who would later assume the surname Marubi.
He, in turn, was followed into business by his own son, Gegë Marubi, who studied photography and cinematography in France at the Lumière brothers’ studio.
With the onset of Communist rule in the 1940s, when every private enterprise was prohibited by law, Gegë Marubi was forced to turn over his family’s archive to the state.
Other photo studios that had opened in Albania over the course of the same decades, including Dritëshkroja e Kolës (1886), Fotografija Pici (1924), Foto Jakova (1932), and Foto Rraboshta (1943), also had to relinquish their images.
The Marubi museum preserves and promotes a collection of more than 500,000 negatives dating from the second half of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century.
The Marubi family archive, along with archives of many other photographers in the museum’s holdings document pivotal moments in Albanian social, cultural, and political life over the course of a century and a half.
Other well-known photograpers of this time include Dhimitër Vangjeli, Vani Burda, Kristo Sulidhi, Pero Kaçauni, Kolë Maca, Kristaq Sotiri, Foti Papajani, Dedë Jakova, Ali Bakiu, Petro Dhimitri, Manaqi Brothers, Lilo Xhimitiku, Ymer Bali, Shan Pici, Pjetër Rraboshta, etc.
The central institution responsible for producing and archiving images was the Albanian Telegraphic Agency which had a photographic laboratory as early as 1947.
Charlotte Watson (born 23 April 1998) is a field hockey player from Scotland, who plays as a forward for Scotland and Great Britain.
At the tournament, Watson scored Scotland's second goal in the final, helping the team to a 2–1 win and their third Gold Medal at the event.
Following her debut, Watson went on to represent the team during a test series against India and at the FIH Olympic Qualifiers, in Marlow and London respectively.
St. Gallen St. Fiden railway station () is a railway station in St. Gallen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
The women's heptathlon event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 28 and 29 August 1989.
The Bison, led by 1st-year head coach Kenny Blakeney, play their home games at Burr Gymnasium in Washington, D.C. as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
On March 27, 2019, it was announced that head coach Kevin Nickelberry would be resigning, effectively ending his nine-year tenure with the team.
He represented Morocco at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 400 metres T12 event and the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres T12 event.
At the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 400 metres T12 event and the bronze medal in the 100 metres T12 event.
At the 2017 World Championships he won the gold medal in both the men's 200 metres T12 and men's 400 metres T12 events.
Hippo offers homeowner's insurance that covers the homes and possessions of the insurance holder as well as liability from accidents happening in the insured property.
Hippo was founded by Assaf Wand, a former Intel Capital investor and McKinsey consultant, and Eyal Navon, an entrepreneur with an extensive background in software engineering and R&D.
In December 2016, to fund product development, Hippo raised $14m in a Series A round of venture capital financing, and in April 2017 Hippo launched in California.
At launch, the company's marketing was centered on the delivery of a 60-second quote for homeowners insurance policies; a transparent, online purchase process; and smart home sensors that could proactively identify and prevent potential damage to policyholder's homes.
A $70m funding round was announced in November 2018, and in March 2019, with Hippo insurance available to more than 50% of the homeowners in the United States, the company reported a 25 percent month-over-month sales growth and total insured property value of more than $50 billion.
In July, $100 million was raised in new venture capital, led by Mary Meeker's Bond Capital, bringing Hippo's valuation to $1 billion.
Inside the case, there are 6 discs, one for each game and an extra one for all of the games included manuals.
In his sophomore year, Powers led the team to an 8–0 record with victories in the Sunkist Tournament, Buckhalter Tournament, and the LSU Invitational Tournament.
In 1976, he achieved tour status for the second time but found little success, missing the cut in nearly half the events and earning only $4,000 for the entire season.
He played in the final group with Jack Nicklaus and Tom Weiskopf for the 36-hole Sunday finale, two off the lead.
Despite this disappointing finish, Powers would go on to his best season up to that point, recording his first top-10 finishes and keeping his card for the first time.
Like his experience at Doral, however, he had a disappointing third round, shooting a 75 (+3) to fall out of the lead.
He would shoot a solid 70 in the final round, however, birdieing 5 of his final 7 holes, to finish in a tie for second place.
Powers was well inside of Bob Charles, his competitor, on the first playoff hole but Charles made a 45-foot birdie and Powers missed his 20-foot putt.
The following month he was −9 after the first 13 holes of the Chattanooga Classic, another satellite event, threatening to shoot in the 50s for the first time in his career.
Powers maintained full-time status for the next two seasons but had few highlights, only recording a handful of top-25 finishes and missing the majority of cuts.
He also received a letter from Ben Hogan, who himself was severely injured in an auto accident in the middle of his career.
She went on to study at the European University Institute in Florence, where she received her Ph.D. in European law in 1993.
O'Leary then worked in research in the Universities of Cadiz and London before going on to become Assistant Director in the Center for European Law Studies at the University of Cambridge in 1996.
During her time at the court of justice, O'Leary also worked as a visiting fellow at the University of Dublin from 1999 to 2004 and from 2003 she has been a visiting professor at the College of Europe in Bruges.
Her lectures addressing practitioners, government agencies and academics on fundamental rights, EU law and European Court of Justice practice and procedure.
O'Leary held various positions at the Court of Justice of the European Union until in April 2015 she was elected to replace Ann Power as Ireland's judge at the European Court of Human Rights.
Eric William Stromayer (born 1960) is an American diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to Togo since 2019.
Stromayer earned a Bachelor of Arts from Northwestern University and a Master of Arts from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
Missions overseas and in senior leadership positions at the United States Department of State, including as Charge d’Affaires and Deputy Chief of Mission in Madagascar, Executive Director of the Bureau of African Affairs, Desk Officer at the Office of West African Affairs in the Bureau of African Affairs, and as General Services Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Recently he served as Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Africa and the Sudans in the Bureau of African Affairs at the Department of State.
On August 16, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Stromayer as the next United States Ambassador to Togo.
The kasbah (citadel) of Tangier was built right after the city was evacuated by the English in 1684 and reclaimed by Morocco.
The sultan of Morocco, Moulay Ismail, supported the city's resettlement and commissioned its reconstruction, overseen by its new governor, Ali ibn Abdallah Errifi.
One part of this reconstruction involved establishing the Moroccan government's seat of power in the city within a self-contained fortified district, the kasbah (much as in other traditional Moroccan cities).
The mosque of the kasbah of Tangier was thus built by Ali Errifi, under Moulay Ismail's reign in the late 17th century.
In 1921, the official in charge of religious foundations (habous) in the region restored the mosque but covered up much of its original decoration in the process, using new colors.
The entrance is on Ibn Abbou Street (an alley near the entrance to the museum/palace), sheltered under a small arched passageway covering the street at this point.
The minaret, rising above the entrance, is notable for having an octagonal shaft (instead of a square shaft like most Moroccan minarets) and for its decoration.
Grace Rebecca Fisk (born 5 January 1998) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for FA Women's Super League team West Ham United and has represented the England national team at youth level.
In 2014, she became the youngest player to debut for the Millwall Lionesses senior team when she did so at age 16, and was named the club's Young Player of the Year in 2015.
In 2016, Fisk moved to the United States to play collegiately for Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten Conference and started 18 of Penn State's 21 matches as a freshman.
In 2019, Fisk was an ever-present in a Gamecocks backline that achieved the second most shutouts in the country with 17 on the way to winning the SEC Championship with Fisk named as tournament MVP.
Having scored twice against Bulgaria in qualifying, Fisk started all three games for England at the 2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship as the team were knocked out at the group stage.
Fisk also appeared in every game at the 2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship where England finished in 5th place, beating Scotland in the U20 World Cup qualifying play-off.
Fisk captained the England squad that won a bronze medal at the 2018 U20 World Cup in France, beating the host nation on penalties in the third place match.
William O'Neill (30 August 1876 - 24 April 1963) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer who played for Cork Championship clubs William O'Brien's and Sarsfields.
He was also a member of the Cork senior teams as a dual player for over a decade during which time he usually lined out as a forward.
Pabst was born in Oberammergau the son of the pedagogue and head teacher of the same name, Eugen Papst (1855-1923), after whom the Eugen-Papst-Förderschule in Germering was later named.
He then attended the teacher training seminar in Freising and studied at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich from 1907.
In 1910 he worked at the theater in Olsztyn and from 1911 in Bern as musical director of the city theater.
In 1922 he was called to Hamburg, where he conducted the Hamburg Philharmonic together with Karl Muck until it was disbanded by the Nazis in 1934.
Pabst first went to Münster as General Music Director in the fall of 1934, but by 1935 he had already become director of the Cologne Men's Choral Society and shortly afterwards, with the support of his friend Richard Strauss, also became municipal General Music Director of the Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne as successor to Hermann Abendroth.
After the end of the war, there were disputes over his position as General Music Director because the City of Cologne appointed Günter Wand in 1946 despite an ongoing contract with Pabst.
For the 1950 Oberammergau Passion Play, he created an arrangement of the Passion music by Rochus Dedler (1779-1822), which was played unchanged until 1990 and is still in use today with revisions and additions by the present musical director Markus Zwink.
She was also elected to Serbia's Bulgarian National Council in 2014 on an electoral list headed by Bosilegrad mayor Vladimir Zahariev.
She later broke with Zahariev, charging him with responsibility for the withdrawal of proposed investment in the municipality by the Bulgarian company Kalinel.
She received the third position on a rival list led by Stefan Kostov in 2018 and narrowly missed re-election when it won only two mandates.
On 3 January 2020, a United States drone strike near the Baghdad International Airport targeted and killed Iranian major general Qasem Soleimani of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Soleimani was commander of the Quds Force, which has been deemed a terrorist organization by the U.S., Canada, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, and was considered the second most powerful person of Iran.
Nine others were killed alongside Soleimani, including the deputy chairman of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and commander of Kata'ib Hezbollah, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was listed as a terrorist in the United Arab Emirates and in the U.S.
The strike occurred during the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis, which began after the U.S. withdrew from the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran in 2018, reimposed sanctions, and accused Iranian elements of fomenting a campaign to harass U.S. forces in the region.
On 27 December 2019, the K-1 Air Base in Iraq, which hosts Iraqi and U.S. personnel, was attacked, killing an American contractor.
Iraq said the attack undermined its national sovereignty, was a breach of its agreement with the U.S. and an act of aggression against its officials.
The legality of the attack was subsequently brought into question in respect to international law, as well as the domestic laws of the U.S. and its bilateral security agreements with Iraq.
Iranian leaders vowed revenge, while U.S. officials said they would preemptively attack any Iran-backed paramilitary groups in Iraq that they perceived as a threat.
Five days after the airstrike, Iran launched a series of missile attacks on U.S. forces based in Iraq, the first direct engagement between Iran and the U.S. since Operation Praying Mantis in 1988.
The modern Middle East has seen a number of occasions in which the assassination of high-level government and military figures was attempted, or at least considered.
Such instances include attempts by the United States to target during air raids Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in 1986 and Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein in 1991, 1998, and 2003, and in addition to successful missions to kill non-state terrorist leaders such as Osama bin Laden, Anwar al-Awlaki and Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
Over the past centuries there has largely been a norm against governments conducting assassinations of foreign leaders, but that norm has been weakening over time, especially since World War II.
Both the consideration against further eroding norms and the questions regarding effectiveness would be raised in the wake of the strike against Soleimani.
The costs and benefits of foreign policy assassinations are difficult to compute, and decisions to go ahead with such actions often reflect the vague, and not always realized, hope that any successor to the targeted person will be less capable against, or will embody policies more favorable toward, the country taking the action.
In 2014, the U.S. intervened in Iraq, as a part of Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), an American-led mission to degrade and fight the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) terror organization, and have been training and operating alongside Iraqi forces as a part of the anti-ISIL coalition.
In 2017, ISIL was largely defeated back from Iraq during the three-year battle, with the help of primarily Iran-backed Shia militias—Popular Mobilization Forces, reporting to the Iraqi prime minister since 2016—and the U.S.-backed Iraqi Armed Forces.
Concerning the provisional nuclear deal with Iran, some critics of the treaty condemned that Iran could make a nuclear bomb after expiry of the limited-term nuclear deal.
President Trump also criticized the 15-year nuclear deal with Iran by the previous U.S. administration's paying $1.7 billion cash to Tehran.
The Quds Force which Soleimani led has been designated a terrorist organization by Canada, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the U.S. Soleimani himself was sanctioned by the United Nations and sanctioned by the European Union and was on U.S. terror watchlists.
The 25,000-strong militia he commanded, Kata'ib Hezbollah, is considered a terrorist organization by Japan, the United Arab Emirates, and the U.S.
General Qasem Soleimani was considered the second most powerful person in Iran, behind Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and in his later years enjoyed a near unassailable heroic status, especially with supporters of Tehran's hard-line politics.
That made his killing by the U.S. on 3 January 2020 a significant aggravation of the existing tensions between the U.S. and Iran, distrusted and disliked by U.S. leaders as recently testified by the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act of 2017 and further policy of President Trump.
Former U.S. presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama both considered and rejected targeting Qasem Soleimani, reasoning that it would escalate to a full-scale war.
In October 2019, Hossein Taeb, chief of the Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, told the press that his agency had arrested an unspecified number of people, allegedly foiling a plot by Israeli and Arab agencies to assassinate Soleimani.
Response to Iranian major general Qasem Soleimani's perceived destructive influence in Iraq and abroad have been a topic of debate amongst U.S. officials for many years.
Back in 2006, as the U.S. War in Iraq began to see increasingly sophisticated and lethal roadside bombs, such as explosively formed penetrators (EFPs)—thought to be exclusively due to Iranian influence—the U.S. military was seeking ways to mitigate the damage.
According to a report by NBC News, Eric Edelman, a career foreign services officer with senior diplomatic posts at the time, U.S. commander Army Gen. George Casey considered designating Soleimani and Quds Force officers enemy combatants, thus making them subject to military action.
In October 2007, the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush was the first to designate Soleimani a terrorist on the basis of his involvement with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and Quds Force, and the increasing recognition of the role they played in the Iraq conflict.
According to an interview with a PolitiFact journalist, retired Army Col. Frank Sobchak, said that around the same time U.S. special forces had planned for his capture, but the mission was not approved by senior officials.
The first such designation was made in May, 2011, in response to Soleimani's assistance to the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate in the violent suppression of Syrian protestors.
The second, and more serious designation by the Obama administration came in October, 2011, after a plot was revealed in which four senior Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Quds Force (IRGC-QF) officers were planning to assassinate the Saudi Arabian Ambassador while in the United States, under the supervision of Soleimani.
In early October 2019, according to two Iraqi militia commanders and two security sources who spoke with Reuters staff, Iranian Major-General Qasem Soleimani met in Baghdad to discuss a change in strategy with Iraqi Shiite militia allies.
The new focus of strategy was to be an increase in targeted rocket attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq, with the intended effect of provoking an antagonistic U.S. military response that would divert political pressure from Iran.
Leading up to the meeting, there had been increasing anti-Iran sentiment amongst the local Iraqi population, culminating in prolonged and vocal anti-Iran protests, even featuring such specific displays of anti-Iran sentiment as demonstrators banging their shoes on raised portraits of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
These means, under direct guidance of Soleimani, resulted in the deaths of at least 400 protestors, with an estimated 20,000 wounded, but without significant success.The next step in the strategy chosen by Soleimani was to step up attacks on U.S. forces.
On 27 December 2019, the K-1 Air Base in Kirkuk province, Iraq—one of many Iraqi military bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve coalition personnel—was attacked by more than 30 rockets, killing an Iraqi-American and Muslim U.S. defense contractor, and injuring multiple U.S. and Iraqi service members.
Furthermore, a senior U.S. official, who spoke to reporters on condition of anonymity, said there had been a campaign of 11 attacks on Iraqi bases hosting OIR personnel in the two months before the 27 December incident, many of which the U.S. also attributed to Kata'ib Hezbollah.
On 29 December 2019, retaliatory U.S. airstrikes targeted five Kata'ib Hezbollah weapon storage facilities and command and control locations in Iraq and Syria.
On 31 December 2019, after a funeral was held for the Kata'ib Hezbollah militiamen, dozens of Iraqi Shia militiamen and their supporters marched into the Green Zone and surrounded the U.S. embassy compound.
Dozens of the demonstrators then smashed through a main door of the checkpoint, set fire to the reception area, raised Popular Mobilization Units militia flags, left anti-American posters, and sprayed anti-American graffiti.
The Pentagon evaluated Soleimani was the leader of Tehran's attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, including the 2019 K-1 Air Base attack and killing of a U.S. civilian, and the shooting down of a U.S. aerial vehicle.
According to an unnamed senior U.S. official, after the bombing of Kata'ib Hezbollah in late December 2019, a security briefing was convened at President Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate where he and his advisors, including Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Defense Secretary Mark Esper, and chairman of the joint chiefs of staff General Mark Milley discussed how to respond to Iran's alleged role in sponsoring anti-U.S. attacks in Iraq.
The president's order prompted the CIA and other U.S. intelligence agencies that have tracked Soleimani's whereabouts for years to locate him on a flight from Damascus to Baghdad, reportedly to hold meetings with Iraqi militiamen.
The air strike would have been called off if Soleimani had been on his way to meet with Iraqi government officials aligned with the U.S.
Senator Lindsey Graham indicated Trump had discussed the matter with him in advance of the strike, as he was visiting the president at his Mar-a-Lago estate.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Vice President Mike Pence were reportedly the most hawkish voices arguing to retaliate against Iran.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had discussed killing Soleimani with Trump months before the strike, but did not garner support from the president or the defense team then in place.
Afterwards several members of Congress, including Mike Lee and Chris Murphy, claimed that the Trump administration had not informed them of this in the intelligence briefing on the strike.
Adil Abdul-Mahdi, Prime Minister of Iraq, said he was scheduled to meet Soleimani on the day the attack happened, with the purpose of Soleimani's trip being that Soleimani was delivering Iran's response to a previous message from Saudi Arabia which Iraq had relayed.
According to Abdul-Mahdi, Trump had called him to request that Abdul-Mahdi mediate the conflict between the U.S. and Iran before the drone strike.
local time, General Soleimani's Airbus A320 Cham Wings plane arrived at Baghdad International Airport from Damascus International Airport after being delayed for two hours for unknown reasons.
An MQ-9 Reaper drone of the U.S. Air Force and other military aircraft loitered above the area as Soleimani and other pro-Iranian paramilitary figures, including Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, a U.S.-designated terrorist, entered two vehicles and departed the airport towards downtown Baghdad.
At 12:47a.m., the Reaper drone launched several missiles, striking the convoy on an access road as it departed the airport, engulfing the two cars in flames and killing 10 people.
Trump asserted that Soleimani had been planning further attacks on American diplomats and military personnel and had approved the attack on the American embassy in Baghdad.
A statement by the Air Force of Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) stated that Ali Al Salem Air Base in Kuwait participated, among other bases in the region, in the operation that was executed near Baghdad airport recently.
Along with Soleimani, four other IRGC officers were also killed: Brigadier General Hossein Pourjafari, Colonel Shahroud Mozafarinia, Major Hadi Taremi and Captain Vahid Zamanian.
The remaining five casualties were Iraqi members of the PMF: deputy chairman Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, chief of protocol and public relations Muhammed Reza al-Jaberi, Mohammad al-Shibani, Hassan Abdul Hadi and Heydar Ali.
On the same day of the Baghdad airport attack, an IRGC financier and key commander, Abdul Reza Shahlai, was unsuccessfully targeted by U.S. drones in Yemen, which killed Mohammad Mirza, a Quds Force operative, instead.
According to a Washington Post investigation, the unsuccessful operation might indicate a broader operation than previously explained, raising questions about whether the mission was designed to cripple the leadership of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps or solely to prevent an imminent attack on Americans as originally stated.
Hossein Dehghan, the main military adviser of Iran, and Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif asserted that attacks on Iranian cultural sites would be grave breaches of international law.
U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo avoided a direct answer when asked about cultural targets, saying that Washington will do the things that are right and the things that are consistent with U.S. law.
That day, Iran announced that it would suspend all its commitments under the 2015 nuclear deal except that it would continue to cooperate with the United Nations' nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency.
The following day, the U.S. Department of Defense announced the deployment of 3,500 members of the 82nd Airborne Division to the region, one of the largest rapid deployments in decades.
U.S. spy agencies reportedly detected that Iran's ballistic missile regiments were at a heightened readiness but it was unclear if they were defensive, cautionary measures or an indication of a future attack on U.S. forces.
The next day, Britain warned its nationals to avoid all travel to Iraq outside the Kurdistan region, and to avoid all but essential travel to Iran.
Global oil prices rose moderately in reaction to Soleimani's death to heights not seen for a whole three months, before falling back.
The day after the Baghdad airport attack, Iraqi state news reported that there had been another airstrike against a convoy of medical units of the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces near Camp Taji in Taji, north of Baghdad.
The PMF later said there was no senior commander in the convoy, and the Imam Ali Brigades denied reports of the death of its leader.
Spokesman for Operation Inherent Resolve Colonel Myles B. Caggins III said the coalition did not do it, while Iraq's Joint Operations Command denied reports of any such attack, saying it was simply a false rumor that spread quickly due to the prior airport strike.
The cortege began around Al-Kadhimiya Mosque, a Shiite holy site in Baghdad, before heading to the Green Zone government and diplomatic compound where a state funeral was held.
From Baghdad, the procession moved to the Shia holy city of Karbala and on to Najaf, where al-Muhandis and the other Iraqis were buried, while the coffins of Soleimani and the Iranian nationals were sent to Iran.
Following the mourning procession in Baghdad, unknown people fired short-range rockets towards the U.S. embassy and at the U.S. Balad Air Base.
The U.S. Central Command, which oversees operations in the Middle East, said no Americans were harmed by the sporadic rocket attacks on 4January.
The remains of Soleimani and the Iranian figures killed in the strike arrived in Iran on 5January, where they became part of mourning processions in several cities, first in Ahvaz and later in Mashhad, where one million people attended the mourning.
It was initially reported that Iran canceled the mourning procession planned in Tehran because the city would not be able to handle the number of attendees expected after the turnout in Mashhad; however, the Tehran service was held, at which Ayatollah Ali Khamenei publicly wept while leading prayers for the funeral.
Iranian authorities plan to take Soleimani's body to Qom on 6January for public mourning processions, then onto his hometown of Kerman for final burial on 7January.
Before the national procession was completed, multiple infrastructure works, such as the international airport at Ahvaz and an expressway in Tehran, had already been renamed after him.
On 7 January 2020, at least 56 people were killed and 213 injured in a stampede during Soleimani's burial at Kerman.
A couple of days later, United States Department of State warned Iraq to lose access to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York accounts, in a phone call if U.S. troops were asked to leave, according to Iraqi officials.
On 8 January 2020, Iranian forces launched ballistic missiles at the Al Asad Airbase and an airbase near Erbil, both in Iraq, where American personnel were located.
The Pentagon said these bases were on high alert after signs of the Iranian government were planning attacks on U.S. forces.
Although the Pentagon disputes the number launched, it has confirmed that both the Ayn al-Asad and the Erbil airbases were hit by Iranian missiles.
Other sources confimed that two ballistic missiles targeted Erbil: one hit Erbil International Airport and did not explode, the other landed about west of Erbil.
The sustained massive street protests in Iraq that led to Abdul-Mahdi's resignation as prime minister (and temporary caretaker role) restarted in the days after the assassination of Soleimani and al-Muhandis, with a shift in the focus of protests from mostly anti-Iran to criticism of both the U.S. and Iran.
On 11 January 2020, after Iranian authorities acknowledged that Iranian military forces had shot down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752, thousands of people protested in Iran, continuing the Iranian protests ongoing since December 2017.
The Charter of the United Nations generally prohibits the use of force against other states, if a country does not consent to it on its territory.
The Government of Iraq did not grant permission to the U.S. to target a military commander from another country on its soil.
Iran said it will pursue a war-crimes case against US president Donald Trump at the International Criminal Court in the Hague.
PMF is legally incorporated into the Iraqi security forces by a series of laws enacted by the parliament and Prime Ministerial orders, therefore, technically, the U.S. killed a senior Iraqi official (Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis) and other military personnel of Iraq.
He and Speaker of the Council of Representatives Mohamed al-Halbousi released separate written statements, both calling the attack a breach of Iraq's sovereignty.
According to the office of the Iraqi caretaker prime minister, the U.S. secretary of state has subsequently been requested to send a delegation to Iraq tasked with formulating the mechanism for the withdrawal of U.S troops from Iraq.
The case was compared by AP reporter John Daniszewski to the drone killing of U.S. citizen Anwar al-Awlaki during the Obama administration.
Some analysts maintained that Trump had the authority to order the strike under Article Two of the United States Constitution, while the ambiguity of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF) law may help Trump justify it.
Some members of Congress, which generally was not consulted or briefed before the Soleimani strike, sought to restrict the president's ability to conduct future military operations against Iran without congressional consent.
On 6January 2020, House Speaker Pelosi announced plans to hold a vote within the week on limiting President Trump's war powers concerning Iran.
On 8January 2020, Pelosi announced that a vote will be held by the entire House on 9January to limit President Trump's war powers concerning any future escalation of conflict with Iran.
The House Rules Committee cleared the way for a full House vote by approving parameters which set up a two-hour debate on 9January.
The House vote is considered significant, as the U.S. Constitution provides that while the president may use the military to defend the country, any declaration of war must be approved by Congress (note that Congress has never declared war on anyone since World War II).
Reuters reported that some Iranians including Soleimani supporters fear that a war could break out at a time of economic hardship and widespread corruption.
In Iraq, outgoing Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the attack, calling it an assassination and stating that the strike was an act of aggression and a breach of Iraqi sovereignty which would lead to war in Iraq.
He said the strike violated the agreement on the presence of U.S. forces in Iraq and that safeguards for Iraq's security and sovereignty should be met with legislation.
One candidate described the killing as a wag the dog incident, parallel to the bombing of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sudan by president Bill Clinton during his impeachment process.
New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio put the police department on high alert, including the potential of bag checks at subway stations and vehicle checks at tunnels and bridges.
For only the second time since the start of the country's civil war nearly nine years ago, the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, arrived in Syria to meet with its president, Bashar al-Assad, on 7January.
He became an architect in California, where he designed buildings in Oxnard, Alhambra, and Los Angeles, some of which he designed buildings with architect John Paul Krempel, like the German Hospital in Boyle Heights.
Her family is African-American; her father, a sculptor, spent time in Nigeria after completing college and selected her first name from a list bestowed upon him by a Nigerian elder.
In 2017, after allegations that singer R. Kelly was maintaining a sex cult involving young black women, Odeleye created a petition to ban Kelly's music from Atlanta radio stations.
Soon after, Kenyette Tisha Barnes reached out to Odeleye to invite her to collaborate on the creation of a grassroots digital campaign to boycott his music, which became #MuteRKelly.
The Ceremony of the Flags () (abbreviated as C of Fs) is a Canadian military music event usually held by unit of the Royal Canadian Navy.
The display originated from the Sunset Ceremony that was held after the introduction of the Canadian Flag on Parliament Hill in 1965.
For the most part, the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets perform the ceremony annually, with the most prominent one being held at CSTC HMCS Quadra.
The drum section and the bugle band the march off in quick time, advancing 10 paces before countermarching and breaking into the slow time when passing through the bands.
On completion of the hymn, the guard commander orders guard of honour to attention, followed by the order to fix bayonets.
On the seventh measure of music, the bass drummer accentuates the beat on his drum, which is the signal for the guard commander to order guard to present arms.
The 2020 Richmond Kickers season is the club's 29th season of existence, their 16th season in the third tier of American soccer, and their second season in the newly-created USL League One.
It is the Kickers' second season playing in the third tier of American soccer since 2016, when they were in the United Soccer League.
USL League One released their full schedule for the 2020 season on December 20, 2019, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Richmond's 2020 season.
The 3 March affair () was an attempted coup against the Indonesian republican administration in West Sumatra during the Indonesian National Revolution by Islamic militias.
In the early phases of the Indonesian National Revolution, the residents of West Sumatra had felt that the authorities of the Republic of Indonesia had not been radical enough in taking actions against the Dutch.
A local election in mid-1946 saw significant success for candidates who had refused to work with the Dutch and Japanese authorities in the pre-independence era, and members of the Islamist Masyumi Party largely took control of local village administration from traditional leaders.
In November 1946, the Linggadjati Agreement was signed, which in West Sumatra meant that Indonesian army units were required to withdraw from the city of Padang, an unpopular decision for the locals.
This resentment was furthered by grievances by soldiers on the frontlines against civilian administrators and their officers, in addition to a lack of Masyumi representation in the residency government and the fact that military supplies were allocated almost exclusively for regular army units with militia groups receiving effectively nothing.
The primary objective of the uprising was to seize power from the Republican government, and to kidnap the heads of government there - civilian resident Rasyid and army commander .
Due to the prior knowledge, Republican military leaders had formed operational plans which dictated a policy of minimal violence to prevent losses.
The Hizbullah men were intercepted and surrounded, and after just several hours of light combat the militias surrendered before reaching the center of Bukittinggi.
Outside of Bukittinggi, the rebels managed to capture some civilian officials, but by morning the following day principal coup leaders had been arrested.
The captured rebels were imprisoned, but after several days they were released and sent home by the government with money and clothes.
The coup leaders were trialled, with the two chief leaders being sentenced to one year in prison and a parole sentence respectively.
Masyumi leader Mohammad Natsir (who originated from West Sumatra) travelled to Bukittinggi leading a Masyumi delegation to investigate the incident, concluding that the Masyumi party itself was uninvolved in the incident, though it involved a number of its members.
The local government decided that the Islamic militias had to be included in the military command structure, and they were later integrated in a process which completed later that year.
It is one of three stations within the municipality of Rorschach, along with Rorschach (the next station east on the same line) and Rorschach Hafen, approximately to the north on the shore of Lake Constance.
Sir Humphrey Stafford (died 1450), of Grafton in the parish of Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, was an English nobleman who served as Governor of Calais.
He was the second son and eventual heir of Sir Humphrey Stafford (1384-1419) of Grafton, a Member of the English Parliament in 1415, by his wife Elizabet Burdett.
He was killed on 7 June 1450 at Sevenoaks in Kent, during Jack Cade's Rebellion, together with his cousin William Stafford (d.1450) of Southwick, in the parish of North Bradley, Wiltshire.
He was buried in the Church of St John the Baptist, Bromsgrove, where survives his fine monument, comprising recumbent alabaster effigies of himself and his wife, on a chest tomb.
He served as head football coach at Winston-Salem State University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina from 2014 to 2018, compiling a record of 35–18.
Aye Thein Rakhaine (born 16 July 1962) is a Bangladeshi academic and politician from Cox's Bazar belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
Young Demeter Coghlan travels to Mars, now settled by humans and cyborgs, and finds herself amidst a rebellion by the colonists.
Demeter is seeking information about a canyon that she believes may be significant if the colonists begin to convert Mars to an Earth-like planet.
Santa Maria Maggiore is a stone Roman Catholic church located in the town of Labro, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
At the end of the 15th century, at the site of a castle tower, a church and chapel were built at this site.
The Institut océanographique was founded in 1906 by Albert I, Prince of Monaco (the International Hydrographic Organization was launched in Monaco in 1921).
In 1961, the Institut océanographique reached an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency to relocate the International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity in Monaco.
In 2016, hundreds of cubic meters of archives belonging to the Institut were found in the Schœlcher campus of the University of the French West Indies (Martinique).
In 2019, the Institut océanographique invested 5 million euros in the opening of a care center for marine species, especially sick or injured turtles.
John S. Van Bergen, a prominent Chicago architect who designed several other homes in Highland Park, designed both houses in the Prairie School style.
The 2019–20 Delaware State Hornets men's basketball team represent Delaware State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Hornets, led by 2nd-year head coach Eric Skeeters, play their home games at Memorial Hall in Dover, Delaware as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
In the MEAC Tournament, they upset Savannah State in the first round, before falling to North Carolina Central in the quarterfinals.
Chacao was established as a Spanish outpost with the name of San Antonio de Chacao in 1567 during the conquest of Chiloé.
This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in old sources of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions (see sources).
In these old sources, there are also Non-Indo-Aryan peoples that are mentioned but are not included in this list because of that.
After roughly 1500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern India, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing (as well as the number of Indo-Aryan language speakers) and Āryāvarta was becoming a very large area (see the map on the right side).
From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes expanded even further throughout ancient northern India (see the map on the right side).
The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities (initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes) had conquered many others.
The community is located approximately halfway between Ellerslie and Waverly Hall along U.S. Route 27 Alternate and Georgia State Route 85 at its junction with Ossahatchie Creek Rd.
It was first described by Russian botanist Nikolai Turczaninow and it was given its current name by André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans in 1962.
His past education includes the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro (1988), he graduated in Art History from Havana University (1994), and completed an Internship in Fine Art Conservation at the National Museum of Fine Arts of Havana (1992-93).
Mendoza has exhibited his artworks in museums and galleries in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, England, France, Germany, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, and United States.
He is a co-founder and co-creator of The Bronx Latin American Art Biennial which showcase the works of Latinx artists from New York and abroad .
In 2019 the art biennial evolved to the New York Latin American Art Triennial which explored issues such as migration, women's rights and social justice .
He is the founding member of BxArts Factory and is part of the BX200, a curated selection of artists identified with The Bronx.
Klimow earned his Bachelor of Science at the United States Military Academy and a Master of Arts from Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri, as well as a Masters of Military Art and Science at the United States Army Command and General Staff College.
From 2018–2019, he served as Senior Advisor in the Office of the Under Secretary for Management at the United States Department of State.
He served as Senior Advisor in the Bureau of the Director General and Human Resources and in the Office of Overseas Employment from 2015–2018.
On March 18, 2019, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Klimow as the next United States Ambassador to Turkmenistan.
He was sworn in on June 13, 2019 and presented his credentials to President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in Ashgabat on June 26, 2019.
His military assignments included from 2002–2003, serving as a Special Advisor to the Vice President of the United States and Executive Assistant to the Chairman from 2001–2002 and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 2001–2000.
He also served as a Combat Task Force Operations Officer during Operation Desert Storm in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait from 1990–1991, for which he was awarded the Silver Star Medal.
Other assignments include Brigade Commander in the 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina from 1998–2000, Military Advisor to the Secretary of State and Special Assistant, Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1995–1998 and Visiting Defense Fellow at the Center for International Relations, Queen's University, Canada from 1994–1995.
Carlson Wade (1928-1993) was an American alternative health writer who authored many books promoting detoxification, fasting, juicing, natural foods and raw food dieting.
Dieticians noted that the statement is false because enzymes in foods are digested to amino acids and once absorbed play no enzymatic role.
Esmail Qaani (also spelled as Esmail Ghaani ; born 8 August 1957) is an Iranian Brigadier General in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and commander of its Quds Force — a division primarily responsible for extraterritorial military and clandestine operations.
Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei appointed Qaani as Commander of the Quds Force on 3 January 2020 after General Qasem Soleimani was killed by a targeted U.S. drone strike near Baghdad International Airport.
Qaani was appointed Deputy Commander of the Quds Force in 1997 by IRGC Chief Commander Rahim Safavi, along with Qasem Soleimani as Commander.
As Deputy, Ghaani oversaw financial disbursements to paramilitary groups including Hezbollah and an arms shipment intended for The Gambia intercepted in Nigeria in October 2010.
On 27 March 2012, Qaani was added to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons (SDN) list by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), freezing his assets and prohibiting transactions with U.S. entities.
Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei appointed Qaani as Commander of the Quds Force on 3 January 2020 after General Qasem Soleimani was killed by a targeted U.S. drone strike near Baghdad International Airport.
Iranian expatriate and political expert, Dr. Karim Abdian Bani Saeed, expressed the view that the appointment of the subject was hasty and that Ghaani‘s expertise falls short of that of the assassinated commander.
However, noted that despite his relatively unknown figure, Qaani is a veteran with decades of overseas military experience, and signaled that his appointment is unlikely either to reduce the Quds Force influence in the iranian foreign policy, nor to change the iranian influence in the region.
On 25 May 2012, two villages in the Houla region of Syria were attacked, resulting in the deaths of 108 people, including 49 children.
U.S. State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland asserted on 29 May that Qaani alleged in an interview two days earlier that the Quds force helped train Shabiha responsible for the Houla attack.
Prior to his appointment as Quds Force commander, Qaani was most famous for recruiting the Liwa Fatemiyoun and Liwa Zainebiyoun Shia fighters operating in Syria.
Qaani has sharply criticized U.S. involvement in the region, at times expressing bellicose rhetoric towards President Donald Trump and American nationals.
At a ceremony commemorating martyrs on 5 July 2017, he contended that the U.S. had futilely spent $6 trillion on Iraq and Afghanistan in attempts to attack Iran.
President Trump declined to recertify the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), less formally known as the Iran nuclear deal, on 13 October 2017.
William Stafford (d.1450) of Southwick in the parish of North Bradley, Wiltshire, was an English gentleman who was killed in June 1450 during Jack Cade's Rebellion, together with his second cousin Sir Sir Humphrey Stafford (d.1450) of Grafton in the parish of Bromsgrove, Worcestershire.
He married Catherine Chidiock (d.10 April 1479), daughter of Sir John Chidiock, who survived him and re-married secondly to Sir John Arundell (d.1473) of Lanherne, Cornwall, and thirdly to Sir Roger Lewkenor (d.1478).
Strich received the Goethe Medal for Art and Science in 1932, the in 1951 and the Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt in 1953.
Demir made his professional debut with Rapid Wien in a 3-0 Austrian Football Bundesliga win over Admira on 14 December 2019.
In July 2019, when the National Council of Public Confidence was created by the Kazakh authorities as a compromise in relation to the presidential election protests, Respublika was not offered any seats on the 44-person council.
On 9 November 2019, 24 Respublika activists protested in a park in Nur-Sultan against the presidential system of government after gaining permission from the authorities.
The nominal fallacy, also known as the naming-explaining fallacy, is a logical fallacy in which it is incorrectly assumed that giving something a name is tantamount to explaining it.
Benfica Play is an online platform of exclusive video on demand content that will unveil all the backstage and stories of the Benfica Universe.
The Horacio Guzmán International Bridge is a bridge that links the city of La Quiaca, Jujuy Province, Argentina, with the city of Villazón, in the Potosí Department of Bolivia, crossing the La Quiaca River.
As the customs of both countries are not integrated, the procedures must be carried out on both banks of the La Quiaca River.
A lot of attention should be paid in case of visiting this area with minors, since the customs controls are practically null and it is possible to move from Argentina to Bolivia walking along the bridge without showing identity documents, even with minors.
This was Williams’ first title since giving birth to her daughter Olympia, and made her the first player in the Open Era to win singles titles across four decades.
The lac Métascouac is a fresh body of water crossed by the Métascouac River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The area around the lake is served indirectly by the route 169 (connecting Quebec (city) to Alma) and by the route 155 (connecting La Tuque and Chambord).
The surface of Lac Métascouac is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the discharge of a set of lakes including Durocher, des Mûres, Taillefer and Themers, discharge from Isabelle and Flynn lakes, discharge from Lake Tomochiche and Lake Sérigny, discharge from Lake Lescarbeau.
Surveyor Frederic William Blaiklock explored in 1847 the territory between Stoneham, near Quebec (city), and Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix, at Lac-Saint-Jean, with a view to the possible construction of a road connecting these two points.
Surveyor Henry O'Sullivan explored the site in 1892 and described the lake as one of the most beautiful in the entire Métabetchouane river basin, dotted with green islands and bordered on each side by gently sloping hills.
This junction is made at a right angle, in the shape of a T, so that at this precise place, one has the impression of observing three watercourses which join.
The Ch'ien Mu Library (), named after Prof. Ch'ien Mu, is located in the New Asia College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).
As one of the seven libraries of CUHK, the Ch'ien Mu Library houses the collections on Chinese Language and Literature, Fine Arts, Japanese Language and Literature and General Education, and provides various facilities including Exhibition Areas, Late Reading Room, Group Study Rooms and Outdoor Reading Area.
The New Asia College Library was first founded as part of the New Asia College on Farm Road, Kowloon in 1954.
The bust of Mr. Ch’ien Mu, sculpted by Prof. Wu Wei-shan who was director of the Academy of Fine Art of Nanjing University, was placed in the Lobby of the Ch’ien Mu Library in 2004.
The collections of Ch’ien Mu Library focus on Chinese Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature and Fine Arts, in order to support the research activities and the teaching of programmes offered by the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, the Department of Japanese Studies and the Department of Fine Arts of the CUHK.
In addition, the Library provides themed collections including the Ch'ien Mu Collection, New Asia College Collection, Local Art Archive and Art Collection.
Besides, the Exhibition Areas on the mezzanine floor and second floor were established in 2004 for CUHK students and staff to display their artworks.
It runs from Falkoner Allé in the east to a modernist housing estate adjacent to Nordre Fasanvej in the west from where it turns south to join King Georgs Vej.
Most of the other buildings in the street are single family detached homes from the late 19th and early 20th century.
Josephsen, a sworn royalist and particularly great admirer of the Greek royal family, decided to name some of the streets in the neighborhood after some of its members.
Dronning Olgas Vej was named after his queen consort, Olga Constantinovna of Russia, while the parallel street Kong Georgs Vej and the two intersecting streets Prins Constantins Vej and Kronprinsesse Sofies Vej were named after King Georg, Crown Prince Constantine and Crown Princess Sofia.
Most of the lots along the street were sold to members of the upper middle class but some of the lots at the far end of the street were sold for other uses.
The house was later taken over by his son Carl Emil Janssen who was also a painter but combined it with a professional career as an astronomer.
The dome of the observatory has later been dismantled but the name Urania is still seen on the facade of the building.
The Stjernen Housing Estate at the far end of the street was built in 1974 to designs by Svenn Eske Kristensen but has later undergone extensive alterations.
The Cañón del Pilaya is located south of Bolivia on the border between the departments of Tarija and Chuquisaca, separating the municipalities of San Lorenzo and Culpina.
The episode follows the night of the U.S. Presidential Election, in which President Selina Meyer is running against Senator Bill O'Brien.
It's election night and President Selina Meyer (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) is in a hotel suite with her key campaign staffers (Tony Hale, Matt Walsh, Kevin Dunn, and Gary Cole); her running mate, Tom James (Hugh Laurie); and her daughter, Catherine (Sarah Sutherland).
They are watching the election returns on CNN, where ex-staffers Amy (Anna Chlumsky) and Dan (Reid Scott) are appearing as political pundits.
Sue (Sufe Bradshaw) is in the White House with a friend (Susan Kelechi Watson), stating that she will leave politics if Selina loses.
Tom asks to speak to Selina privately, and alone in her bedroom, Tom states that he would like to be Treasury Secretary as well as Vice President.
As Selina calls O'Brien, Dan calls Mike, who is on his way to the vending machine, to let him know that Pennsylvania was the wrong call.
The staffers read online that each state will get one House vote and the first candidate to receive 26 will win the Presidency, and the Senate chooses the VP.
If there is a tie in the House, the Vice President-Elect will be president, which, in this case would be Tom James.
Chris Addison, the episode's director, won a Outstanding Directorial Achievement in a Comedy Series award from the Directors Guild of America for the episode.
Velimirovic made his professional debut with SK Rapid Wien in a 3-1 Austrian Football Bundesliga win over FK Austria Wien on 1 September 2019.
The 69th Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held on November 8, 2019, at the Peninsula Hotel Manila in Makati City.
Decorated screenplay writer and author Lamberto E. Antonio was named a Palanca Awards Hall of Famer, receiving a first prize award for the fifth time.
She was instrumental in helping spur creative writing in the country and is being rightfully recognized for her unwavering dedication to the interest of the Filipino writer.
Born in Brno, Kutschera graduated from the grammar school in his home town and studied music at the conservatory in Prague.
After his studies Kutschera travelled to Linz, Brno, Graz, Danzig, Vienna and Basel as Kapellmeister, until he finally took up a permanent position at the teacher's seminar in Aarau in 1892 as music director.
Kutschera took over a position as a piano teacher for the time being and worked as a singing teacher from 1905.
Leitmeritz was the largest subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp, established in Leitmeritz, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Litoměřice, Czechia), on 24 March 1944.
As part of an effort to disperse and increase war production, its prisoners were forced to work in the caverns Richard I and II, producing Maybach HL230 tank engines for Auto Union and preparing the second site for intended production by Osram.
Of the 18,000 prisoners who passed through the camp, about 4,500 died due to disease, malnutrition, and accidents caused by the complete disregard for safety by the SS.
The SS deployed hundreds of thousands of prisoners on war-related forced labor projects, including some of the most important to the war effort.
In 1943, the Auto Union factory in was ordered to be turned over to the production of Maybach HL230 tank engines, much in demand to attrition on the Eastern Front.
By late 1943, Hermann Göring was planning to disperse the Mayback production from the Chemnitz plant to a subterranean factory under Radobýl Mountain just west of the town of Leitmeritz (now Litoměřice in the Czech Republic).
Although there was an existing quarry, the facility had to be expanded in order to accommodate planned spaces for production and assembly several kilometers long.
The site was located in Reichsgau Sudetenland, a territory of Czechoslovakia that had been annexed to Germany in 1938 following the Munich Agreement.
The largest subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp, Leitmeritz was one of the largest of the subcamps located in the Sudetenland, whose remote location was favored for armaments production because it deterred Allied bombers.
The camp was located west of downtown Leitmeritz, distant from Theresienstadt Ghetto in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a transit ghetto for Jews.
The camp was established by a transport of 500 men from Dachau, who arrived at nearby Theresienstadt Small Fortress on 24 or 25 March 1944.
Due to the lack of accommodation at the work site, they stayed at the Small Fortress until June, temporarily the site of a Flossenbürg subcamp, away.
In May 1944, the authority (SS Leadership Staff) B 5, under the authority of SS magnate Hans Kammler, was created to oversee the forced labor projects at Leitmeritz.
The companies involved, Auto Union and Osram, worked closely with both the B 5 and the Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production.
The SS shell company, Mineral-Öl – Baugesellschaft m.b.H., set up to subcontract construction tasks, hired many enterprises from Germany, the Sudetenland and the Protectorate for various roles involving the camp.
There was continual conflict between the SS and the companies because the goal of terrorizing and killing prisoners by extermination through labor was incompatible with the aim of securing the highest production possible.
Whether they were working on the camp or underground, prisoners were not given appropriate equipment and even the most basic safety precautions.
The estimated cost of establishing Maybach production at Leitmeritz was 10 to 20 million Reichsmarks, equivalent to $2.5 million to $5 million at the time or $36 to $72 million today.
In early April 1944, the SS' goal was to begin production of the engines by July, which would have required 3,500 prisoners.
On 30 April, Hitler ordered that the dispersal to Leitmeritz be expedited because the Maybach plant in Friedrichshafen had been bombed by the Royal Air Force on the night of 27–28 April.
Between 25 September and 30 October, the two most important production lines of components—cylinder heads and crankcases—were transferred to the underground factory at Leitmeritz, 180 machines in total.
The lack of air circulation in the underground factory exacerbated the illness and exhaustion of many inmates and rusted the production machines, causing many of the completed products to fail quality control.
The prisoners were housed separately in a warehouse with washrooms and given increased rations of food, while they did not have to participate in as many roll calls.
On 15 May 1944, the Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production decided to use Leitmeritz to expand the production of tungsten and molybdenum wire and sheet metal produced by Osram's Berlin factory.
The cover name of Osram operating in Leitmeritz was Kalkspat K.G., responsible for machinery, power, access roads, and accommodation for civilian workers.
Production was scheduled to begin by the end of 1944, but none ever took place because Osram executives recognized the hopelessness of the war situation.
The third commandant, Völkner, tried to improve conditions for prisoners but was replaced in November by Heiling, who had the most brutal reputation of the SS leaders.
All three of them— Willi Czibulka in 1944, Kurt Panicke through March 1945 and Karl Opitz—had a reputation for arbitrary cruelty.
Supervising prisoners in their barracks was the responsibility of the block leaders, while the Labor Operations Department (commanded by Tilling and later Piasek) oversaw labor deployment.
The first commander of the guard was Emanuel Fritz, a former prosecutor from Vienna, who was replaced by Captain Jelinek in mid-1944 and Edmund Johann in November.
As the camp expanded, the number of Luftwaffe guards increased to as many as 300, who had been seconded from Vienna, Leipzig and Buchenwald.
The plurality of prisoners came from Flossenbürg (3,649); large numbers also came from Gross-Rosen (3,253), Auschwitz II-Birkenau (1,995), and Dachau (1,441).
In March and April, 2,000 people were deported to Leitmeritz from various Flossenbürg subcamps and 800 from subcamps of Buchenwald due te the advance of Allied armies.
Leitmeritz began as a male camp, but from February to April 1945, 770 women also were imprisoned at the site, to work for Osram.
An unusually high number of the prisoners, about 3,600 or 4,000, were Jews, most of whom were from Poland and the first of whom arrived on 9 August.
By country of origin, the largest groups were Poles (almost 9,000), Soviet citizens (3,500), Germans (950), Hungarians (850), French (800), Yugoslavs (more than 600) and Czechs (more than 500).
The SS guards and administrators as well as civilian laborers lived in the original soldiers' quarters, while prisoners were warehoused in the former stables, indoor riding arena, and storage depot, which surrounded by a double barbed-wire fence and seven watchtowers.
Despite the continual increase in the number of prisoners, not enough accommodation was built, resulting in serious overcrowding and major problems with hygiene.
The rate of infectious disease, especially tuberculosis, was very high; at the end of 1944 many prisoners were x-rayed, showing that nearly half had the disease.
Initially the prisoners were grouped in quarters based on the transport they arrived in; later they were organized by work group but not nationality as was typical elsewhere.
According to records, 150 people died through November 1944 and after that the mortality rate climbed, with 706 deaths in December, 934 in January, and 862 in February.
The remains of 66 others, who had been buried in seven mass graves, were exhumed in 1946; another 723 bodies were found in a long anti-tank ditch.
Before the evacuation of the camp, 3,869 prisoners, primarily those unable to work, were sent to other camps, including 1,657 to Flossenbürg and its subcamps and 1,200 (suffering from typhus and dysentery) to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
About 1,222 prisoners, mostly Jewish men—some from Leitmeritz itself, others who had arrived after death marches from elsewhere—ended up in Theresienstadt Ghetto.
After Flossenbürg main camp was liberated by the United States Army on 23 April 1945, Leitmeritz continued to operate, administering nearby concentration camps such as Lobositz.
On the afternoon of 5 May, SS commander Panicke summoned the prisoners to announce that the war was over and they would be released.
On 9–10 May, 5th Guards Army of the Red Army arrived at the site, finding 1,200 sick prisoners who had been left behind.
The production lines at Elsabe were dismantled and shipped to the Soviet Union as war reparations, while the barracks were returned to use by the Czechoslovak Army but were abandoned in 2003.
In 2014, Audi (the successor to Auto Union) released a report by Audi historian Martin Kukowski and Chemnitz University of Technology academic that it had commissioned into its activity during the Nazi era.
In 1946, former Karl Opitz was convicted of responsibility for the execution of thirty prisoners and sentenced to life in prison by a Czechoslovak court.
In 2001, was convicted by a German court of murdering seven Jewish prisoners in an anti-tank trench in the spring of 1945, despite having claimed to be in Vienna when the murders were committed.
She has performed at venues such as San Francisco's Asian Art Museum, the San Jose Museum of Art, the Siren Theater, San Francisco's Punchline Comedy Club and Cobb's Comedy Club, the Brava Theatre, Throckmorton Theatre, and others.
She has also performed at comedy festivals such as SF Sketchfest 2015 and SF Sketchfest 2020; the Desi Comedy Fest, America's only South Asian comedy festival ; and the Out of Bounds Comedy Festival.
In 2019, Lakshminarayanan, Will Durst, and W. Kamau Bell appeared as guests on KQED in regard to the controversial proposed closure of the historic San Francisco Punchline Comedy Club.
The remaining siblings survived small pox, rheumatoid arthritis, and, in the case of A.V., being bitten by a scorpion, as well as contracting, though never developing, tuberculosis.
He first emigrated from South India to the United States, in 1970 with $12; he had to spend time saving up in order to bring his wife, Hema--also from India--to the country.
In attempting to preserve their Indian cooking, they had to cobble together ingredients from diverse markets, finding eggplants at co-ops; cilantro, cumin, and plantains at Mexican groceries; and big bags of rice at Chinese markets.
Lakshminarayanan is a former investment manager of eBay founder Pierre Omidyar’s investment firm, the Omidyar Network, and worked in finance for years in different capacities, including as a venture capitalist.
She also worked as a management consultant with Booz Allen Hamilton and worked in asset management for Parnassus Investments, a socially responsible mutual fund, where she specialized in health services.
Additionally, she was Director of Strategy & Prizes at the Freedom Prize Foundation, an organization whose mission it is to decrease the United States' dependence on oil.
Inspired by the humor and tech themes, Lakshminarayanan created Nerd Nation, a live comedy show about nerd culture, with showings at venues such as the Alameda Pacific Pinball Museum.
In 2013, one of Lakshminarayanan's highlight performances was Brava's New Year's Eve Comedy Fiesta, which she co-headlined with Marga Gomez and Micia Mosely.
Also in 2014, she performed a one-act play she wrote, in which she portrayed three characters, at the San Jose Museum of Art.
Meanwhile, her storytelling was featured at the Kearny Street Workshop, the oldest Asian Pacific American multidisciplinary arts organization in the United States.
Lakshminarayanan is the host of the monthly StorySLAM event, The Moth, at Public Works in San Francisco and is a regular featured performer at the historic San Francisco Punchline Comedy Club.
The Institut océanographique de Paris (), is an oceanographic institution founded in 1906 by Albert I, Prince of Monaco, which also includes the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco.
The organization's founder, Albert I, Prince of Monaco, wanted to spread his knowledge and interest in oceanography, and as early as 1903 began teaching classes of the subject at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers.
The classes were successful, and led to the creation of the Oceanographic Institute in Paris, as well as the formation of the Institut océanographique organization in 1906.
The building's style is an Italian Renaissance palace in brick and stone, flanked by a tall square tower, which is similar to many others in the area.
This building includes two amphitheatres, three laboratories corresponding to three courses (physical oceanography, marine biology and physiology of marine biodiversity), a specialized library-media library, breeding grounds in the basement and official accommodation (managerial apartment and caretaker's studio).
He served as the head football coach at his alma mater, Southwest Missouri State University now known as Missouri State University—in Springfield, Missouri, from 1961 to 1964, compiling a record of 24–12–1.
He was the head football coach at Lamar High School in Lamar, Missouri from 1952 to 1955 and Parkview High School in Springfield from 1956 to 1960.
She served as the first woman President of the National Council of Switzerland and was one of the first women elected to the National Council of Switzerland.
Although women won the right to vote in federal elections earlier that year, her home Canton of Schwyz voted against women’s suffrage and did not give women the right to vote in cantonal elections until 1972.
In May 1977, Hans Wyer, the incumbent National Council President, resigned after winning election to the Council of State of Valais.
Furthermore, Pakistan Army Act, 1952 (PAA) was added to the First Schedule of the Constitution through Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan making it exempt from voidance under the premise of being against fundamental rights.
The establishment of military courts under this amendment was challenged in the Supreme Court of Pakistan but a full court bench of seventeen judges upheld the amendment by an 11 to 6 decision.
On 10 April 2017, Indian spy Kulbhushan Jadhav was sentenced to death by Field General Court Martial under section 59 of the act.
He survived a bout of yellow fever and relayed reports on upheavals and conflicts in the region which is now part of Venezuela.
He served as the head football coach at Indiana State University in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1955, compiling a record of 2–6.
The range stretches along the right bank of the Yenisei River in the southwestern edge of the plateau, between the valley of the Kan River in the south and the Stony Tunguska River in the north, beyond which rises the Tunguska Plateau.
The highest point of the range is high Yenashimsky Polkan, located in the upper course of small rivers Yenashimo and Chirimba.
Beasley's writing career began after graduating from Detroit College of Law, working as a journalist for The Detroit Journal, and later for The Dearborn News.
His biographical works would include books on William S. Knudsen, Frank Knox, Mary Baker Eddy, and Carter Glass, which was co-written with Rixey Smith.
Beasley's book on William Knudsen, a leading automotive industry executive and general during World War II, is the only book-length work focused solely him and covering his entire life, and contains an introduction by Knudsen himself.
Secondly, the historical accounts do not end where most historical accounts end in 1910 with the passing of founder Mary Baker Eddy, but continue into the 1950's and cover the growth of the church doing that period.
He served as the head football coach at Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina in 1918, where he was enrolled as a student.
Chavundaraya basadi or Chamundaraya basadi or Boppa-Chaityalya is one of the fifteen basadis located on the Chandragiri Hill in Shravanabelagola in the Indian state of Karnataka.
The idol of Neminatha, flanked by Chauri bearers, is believed to installed by Hoysala period attributing to the characteristics matching Hoysala art.
Chavundaraya basadi along with Suparshwanath, Kattale and Chandragupta basadi is considered the most important for the architecture in Jain temple complex of Chandragiri Hill with Chavundaraya basadi as most the finest and largest.
The garbhagriha houses an idol of Neminatha flanked by Chauri bearers and the one first floor of the vimana houses the image of Parshavanatha installed by Jinadeva in 985 CE.
It is one of the largest Jaina shrines in Shravanabelagola with distinct ornamental niches that hold figures of yalis and Jaina rishis in sitting posture.
Its architecture is credited to the era of the Western Gangas which is believed to have evolved out of the Chalukyan style seen in Aihole and Badami.
He served as the head football coach at Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina in 1914, compiling a record of 4–1–1.
He later coached high school football at Glenville High School in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, where he coached future National Football League (NFL) star Benny Friedman.
Theller was also the head basketball coach at John Carroll University in University Heights, Ohio from 1927 to 1930, tallying a mark of 19–23.
Kim San (Korean: 김산, Hanja: 金山, April 14, 1905 – October 19, 1938) was a socialist revolutionary and Korean independence fighter.
His real name was known as Jang Jihak (Korean: 장지학, Hanja: 張志鶴) according to Nym Wales, or Jang Jirak (Korean: 장지락, Hanja: 張志樂) according to Japanese authorities' documents.
Born in Korea in the early 20th century, witnessing and experiencing the oppressions and miseries made by Japanese colonial authorities, he participated in the Korean Independence Movement and the Chinese Revolution moving throughout such areas as Korea, Japan, Machuria, Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong.
He was born in Youngcheon, Pyongan Bukdo located in the northern part of Korea to a poor farming family in 1905 just before Korea's colonial annexation by Japanese imperialism in 1910.
But after witnessing and experiencing the tragic and cruel suppression by Japanese colonial authorities of Korean people's March Independent Movement in 1919 which he participated to and was imprisoned for three days, he decided to learn revolutionary theories to help expel the imperialists from his home country and to achieve national independence.
As a student at Tokyo he met many people of different types and levels, and was an avid reader of diverse subjects.
He concluded that the new theory to save Korea can be found in the Soviet Russia, and returned back to Korea shortly en route to Russia.
He walked a 300 meters long way to be enrolled in the Shin Heung Military Academy which had been founded by Korean immigrants for the purpose of educating the Korean Independent Army leaders.
Since then, like many of his Korean contemporaries, he became a Socialist revolutionary not only with this experience of colonial agony, but also under the radicalizing influence of the Russian Revolution in 1917.
Believing that the first step for the Korean liberation from Japan's rule would be the success of the communist revolution in Mainland China and determined to actively participate in its progress, he left Korea and went to Beijing, China in 1921.
He attended Whampoa Military Academy and was enrolled in the department of medicine and later in the political science at Sun Yat-sen University.
He participated in armed battles such as the Guangzhou Uprising in 1927 on the side of the Chinese Red Army risking his life several times.
While participating in revolutionary activities in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing from 1928 through 1930, he was arrested by the Chinese police and turned over to the Japanese Consulate by the police, then sent to Korea and interrogated there by Japanese colonial authorities.
While working at the Northern Area Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was married to a Chinese woman and worked as a railway worker for a short time.
He founded the Alliance for the Liberation of the Korean People in Shanghai in July 1936, and became a representative of Korean revolutionaries in the organization in August 1936.
He also lectured Chinese Red Army members physics, chemistry, mathematics, Korean and Japanese courses at the Military and Political Academy for Fighting against Japan in Yan'an, China in 1937.
He was reinstated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in January 1983 after his son had requested the recovery of his father's honor in 1978.
He was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation by the South Korean government in 2005, since the anti-communist denial of recognizing the historical contributions of those, who had been fighters for Korean Independence on the leftist side during the Japanese rule, was loosened after democratization in South Korea.
The 2019–20 Stony Brook Seawolves women's basketball team represent Stony Brook University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Seawolves, led by sixth-year head coach Caroline McCombs, play their home games at the Island Federal Credit Union Arena and are members in the America East Conference.
The Sahafi Hotel in Mogadishu, Somalia was attacked by al-Shabaab bombers and gunmen on 1 November 2015 and 9 November 2018.
At dawn on 1 November 2015, a suicide car bombing occurred at the Sahafi Hotel in Mogadishu, Somalia, after which gunmen entered it.
The attackers killed at least 15 people, including a former commander of the Somali National Army, the owner of the hotel, a freelance journalist and a member of parliament.
On 9 November 2018, a triple car bombing occurred outside the Sahafi Hotel, killing 52 people, including the owner, who was the son of the owner who was killed in the 2015 attack.
Sevens, as this form of the sport is commonly known, is popular in the Malabar region including the districts of Malappuram, Kannur and Kozhikode .
The matches in Sevens tournaments are often played to fully packed galleries, and occasionally even draw more crowds than regular football matches.
Several footballers from Kerala, including stars of the Indian national football team such as I. M. Vijayan and Anas Edathodika, credit their experiences in Sevens tournaments for helping them improve their footballing skills and develop their passion for the sport.
Sevens tournaments have also attracted stars from other parts of India, including Bhaichung Bhutia, as well as international players including some from Africa.
The Malayalam movie Sudani from Nigeria was based on an African footballer who comes to Kerala to play in a Sevens tournament.
It provides a measure to President of Pakistan acting on advice of Prime Minister of Pakistan to extend the tenure of Chief of Army Staff (COAS) by three years.
On 19 August 2019, Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan announced that he has extended the tenure of Chief of Army Staff, Qamar Javed Bajwa for another three years.
The original tenure was supposed to end on 29 November 2019, on which date Bajwa would have been retired sans this extension.
Soon after the announcement of extension, a petition was filed into Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) requesting the court to look into the matter as the petitioner believed that the Government of Pakistan did not follow proper procedures outlined in law and the Constitution of Pakistan.
On 28 November 2019, Just one day before Bajwa's potential retirement, a three member bench of SCP headed by then Chief Justice of Pakistan, Asif Saeed Khosa and composed of justices Syed Mansoor Ali Shah and Mazhar Alam Miankhel issued a short order nullifying the government's extension notification while temporarily extending Bajwa's tenure for six months.
SCP ordered the government to put the matter of extension into the law in under six months sans which Bajwa will stand retired as of 29 November 2019.
On 26 December 2019, the Government of Pakistan filed a review petition in SCP against the 16 December judgement and requested composition of a larger bench to hear the review petition.
This gave an indication that the government might not be looking into complying with the original order until the review petition is decided.
In 2015 and 2016, Zimmermann was a member of the German U–18 team at the EuroHockey Youth Championship in Santander and Cork respectively.
Zimmermann has only represented the German U–21 team on one occasion at the 2017 EuroHockey Junior Championship in Valenica, where the team finished in fourth place.
In December 2019, Zimmermann was named in the preliminary German Olympic squad to train for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
This was the twelfth year that the Masters Series was being called the Masters 1000, with the addition of the number 1000 referring to the amount of ranking points which are won, since it began in 2009.
Note: Although the Monte Carlo Masters is billed as taking place in Monte Carlo, it is actually held in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, a commune of France adjacent to Monaco.
The Lac aux Montagnais is a freshwater body at the head of the rivière aux Montagnais, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province, in Quebec, Canada.
Lac aux Montagnais is located between route 169 (connecting Quebec (city) to Alma) and route 155 (connecting La Tuque and Chambord).
This lake is mainly fed by riverside streams, the outlet of Lake Houlette, the Montagnais river (coming from the south) and the Friendship stream.
Before the arrival of the first French settlers, the Innu occupied a huge territory of in depth extending, on the north bank of the St. Lawrence River, the city of Quebec (city) at Labrador Sea.
Today, permanent installations welcome vacationers, hunters and fishermen to this lake formerly frequented, no doubt, by the Innu in the vicinity of Lac Saint-Jean.
Jews and Power is a 2007 book by Ruth Wisse about the Jewish return to sovereign statehood after two thousand years of statelessness.
The Charlestown Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a war memorial commemorating six local men who died who during the Vietnam War, installed outside Veterans Memorial Hall in Charlestown, Boston, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
Pons was in the army of Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, and accompanied the count into the church of Saint Peter in Antioch at the discovery of the Holy Lance on the evening of 14 June 1098.
There exists an 11th-century charter issued by a Pons of Balazuc to his wife, Jaquette de Trevenne, and his son, Jordan.
He and Raymond, who was from the neighbouring diocese of Le Puy, probably knew each other in France before the crusade.
As one present in battles and in Count Raymond's counsels, Pons may have been mainly a source of information for Raymond, but this is speculation.
Route 63, also known as Avondale Access Road, is a short north-south highway that connects the town of Avondale, Newfoundland and Labrador to the Trans Canada Highway.
The highway continues north to pass through neighborhoods before entering downtown, where Route 63 comes to an end along the coastline at an intersection with Route 60 (Conception Bay Highway).
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
The EuroHockey Youth Championship is an international boys' and girls' under–18 field hockey competition organised by the European Hockey Federation (EHF).
In 1942, during World War II, an American B-24 Liberator bomber of the United States Army Air Force crashed into a mountain on the island, killing all 12 crewmen on board.
Kalhana's chronology is widely seen as defective, as he places kings such as Kanishka and Mihirakula respectively 1100 years and 1200 years before their actual reigns.
Xhevdet Doda, born in 1906 in Prizren, was a teacher by profession who was active in the resistance against German occupation in Kosovo during World War II.
During the People's Liberation War, he served as a battalion commander and deputy commander of the 1st Kosovo-Macedonia Offensive Brigade that mounted the Kosovo Operation (1944).
A visible decision-maker at this conference, he attracted the attention of the Gestapo, which arrested him for treason and imprisoned him in Tirana, subsequently transferring him to the Banjica concentration camp near Belgrade and then to the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp complex, where he died in 1944.
He was, like many other teachers, posthumously decorated with the Naim Frashëri by President of Albania Sali Berisha in his Decree No.
811 of April 11, 1994, in his case for opening Albanian language schools in northern and eastern Albania beyond the 1913 boundaries of the country from 1941 to 1944.
In real estate, a battle axe block, hammerhead block, hatchet block or flagpole block is a block of land situated behind another, with access to the street through a narrow driveway shared by both properties.
They are named for their distinct L-shape, which is said to look like a battle axe, hammer, hatchet or flagpole from above.
Battle axe blocks are often the result of property developers subdividing a long block of land widthwise, with the rear section becoming a battle axe block.
The first water bus route S1 was opened for trial operation on 10 April 2007, which starts from Fangcun to Zhongda (Sun Yat-sen University).
In September 2013, 7 more routes (S2-S6, S11-S12) were opened, which included Canton Tower, Jinshazhou, Changzhou and more places into the network.
Robert Dawson (1782–1866) was a company agent and pastoralist in New South Wales in the early part of the nineteenth century.
Dawson was working in England as the estate manager for Viscount Barrington's estate, Becket, when he was approached by John Macarthur junior, and old school friend, to apply for the post of chief agent in New South Wales for the newly formed Australian Agricultural Co. (AA Co.) in which he was to establish and administer a pastoral grant of subject to a committee resident there.
However the committee effectively included just three people, all members of the same family - James Macarthur (fourth son of John Macarthur), his cousin Hannibal Macarthur and his brother-in-law, Principal Surgeon, James Bowman.
Dawson had several disagreements with the colonial committee as soon he arrived in Australia in 1825 and as such was maligned by the committee.
Dawson received very little help from the committee and as such did most if the work managing the AA Co. affairs himself.
The committee members and their acquaintances sold Dawson questionable sheep with foot rot and other diseases as well as older ewes that could not raise lambs.
Dawson returned to NSW in 1839 with his second wife to superintend his estate and was appointed as magistrate for the area.
As a result of and during his work as the chief agent, Dawson built and named many places and rivers in the area including , Carrington, , , , , and the Barrington and Manning rivers.
Robert Dawson had a very good relationship with the local Worimi Aboriginal people and his own staff and the convicts appointed to him as he was a man with great humility and compassion.
He was highly regarded by the AA Co. directors in England as the reports they had heard from his progress and achievements in Australia were highly commendable.
It was this book that he left a lasting legacy as not only it was in part the story of the establishment of the Australian Agricultural Company, but it also a fundamental resource book on New England’s Aboriginal peoples.
Like standard Japanese particles, they act as suffixes, adpositions or words immediately following the noun, verb, adjective or phrase that they modify, and are used to indicate the relationship between the various elements of a sentence.
Unlike central Japanese dialects, particles in the Kagoshima dialects are bound clitics, as they have the effect of resyllabifying the last word they attach to.
When a particle starting with a vowel is attached to a word, the final syllable of that word will be fused with the particle and be subject to Kagoshima's vowel coalescence rules as well as other sound changes occurring in this dialect.
If a word's underlying form ends in a moraic nasal, an epenthetic /n/ is inserted between the word and the particle.
Satsugū, like other Western Kyūshū and Ryukyuan dialects, is notable in that this original distinction is, to a certain extent, kept.
The second is that it can be used to indicate assertion or volition when following a verb in its plain form.
The bottom two teams played in a new group with the teams they did not play against in the group stage.
Dwight Isely (15 August 1887 – 26 December 1974) was an American entomologist who worked on pest management, especially in cotton, and served as a professor of entomology at the University of Arkansas.
She was active during the Sino-French War of 1884–1885, first as part of a defensive squadron based at Nanking (now Nanjing).
The unprotected cruisers were intended to be of relatively simple design compared to other Imperial Chinese Navy vessels on order from European shipyards at the time.
The two larger guns were mounted in sponsons ahead of the funnels, while the smaller Armstrongs were placed amidships as a broadside, on the forecastle and poop deck and in further sponsons ahead of the poop.
An attack was thought to be imminent, but the French Navy instead assaulted Formosa (now Taiwan) where they established a blockade.
They took some time to work up their crews, and did not seek to engage the French immediately, only finally meeting them in the following February.
In 1984, He went to the Iran–Iraq War voluntarily when he was eighteen and remained in the front until the end of the war.
In 1989, After the end of the war he continued his studies in psychology and finally in 1993, he received Bachelor's degree in this field from Allameh Tabataba'i University.
Since 1995, he entered the field of literary fiction and created numerous works in the field of short and long fiction.
'Air Chief Marshal' ranks above the Three Star rank of Air Marshal and below the Five Star rank of Marshal of the air force, which is largely a war-time or ceremonial rank.
The first IAF officer to hold this rank was Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh (later promoted to the five-star rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force) who was promoted to the rank in 1966 while he served as the CAS.
The current CAS and only Air Chief Marshal in the Indian Armed Forces is Air Chief Marshal R K S Bhadauria.
The badges of rank consist of three sky blue bands (each on a slightly wider navy blue band) over a sky blue band on a navy blue broad band.
In addition to this, the Blue Grey terrywool tunic has four sleeve stripes consisting of a broad band with three narrower bands.
Appointments to the office of CAS are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
The term length of the Chief of the Air Staff is three years or until the age of 62 of the holder, whichever is earlier.
National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (NI-MSME) is a national institute aimed to foster the progress of micro, small and medium enterprises in India under Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
NI-MSME is registered at Hyderabad in Telangana, India under Public Societies Registration Act I of 1350 Fasli with effective from 1st July 1962.
The affairs of the Society are managed, administered, directed and controlled through Governing Council constituted by the Government of India as per Rule 22(a & b) of Rules and Regulations of the Society.
The Institute has been working in the areas of capacity building, skill upgradation, job enrichment training in the field of Entrepreneurship and Skill including the development of women pursuing small trades at the cottage industry level from an Incubation centre at NI-MSME.
ni-msme was originally set up as Central Industrial Extension Training Institute (CIETI) in New Delhi in 1960 as a Department under the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Government of India.
It was decided to keep it free from the tardy and impeding administrative controls and procedures, so that the Institute can play a pivotal role in the promotion of small enterprise.
SIET was conferred the status of national institute by the Government of India with the charter of assisting in the promotion of Small Enterprises mainly by creating a pro-business environment.
In 1984, the UNIDO had recognised SIET as an institute of meritorious performance under its Centres of Excellence Scheme subsequently, it was also accorded the national status in the same year and SIET Institute became nisiet.
Since then the institute has come a long way, carving a place of distinction for itself in the domain of entrepreneurship promotion, achieving recognition both at the national level and in the international arena.
To cope with the pressure of globalisation, the Government of India had enacted the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 in the Parliament, which became effective from 2nd October 2006.
Accordingly, the Institute, in order to reflect the expanded focus of its objectives with name was rechristened as ni-msme from 11th April 2007 and re-designed its structure and organisation.
It is an organisation of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (formerly Ministry of SSI & ARI), Government of India.
The ni-msme (formerly as SIET) was registered at Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh under Public Societies Registration Act I of 1350 Fasli with effective from 1st July 1962.
The Ashgabat City Telephone Network () is the telecommunications company in Turkmenistan, which providing local telephone, CDMA and IPTV, service to subscribers in the city of Ashgabat.
It provides long-distance and international calls, broadband access to the Internet via ADSL, and Wi-Fi services for home, business, educational institutions and foreign enterprises.
Based on the decree of the President of Turkmenistan dated April 17, 2015, the Ashgabat City Telephone Network was transformed into a closed joint-stock company with the participation of the Ministry of Communications of Turkmenistan with a share in the authorized capital of 30% and the State Telecommunications Company Turkmentelecom with a share of 60%.
The 2020 FC Astana season is the twelfth successive season that Astana will play in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan.
Astana will also play in the season opening Super Cup against FC Kaisar, the Kazakhstan Cup and enter the Champions League at the First qualifying round.
On 24 January, Astana announced the signing of Max Ebong on a four-year contract from Shakhtyor Soligorsk, and Tigran Barseghyan to a two your contract from Kaisar.
Jan Józef Wojnarski (1 December 1879, Tarnów - 14 October 1937, Kraków) was a Polish painter, graphic artist and art professor.
From 1902, he studied at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts, under the tutelage of Florian Cynk, Jan Stanisławski and Leon Wyczółkowski.
From 1911, he worked at the Kraków Academy; initially as a junior assistant, then full assistant and, finally, as Professor of Graphic Arts from 1929.
In 1937, he won a gold medal at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris.
Fluidra was founded in 1969 by four Catalan families (Planes, Serra, Corbera and Garrigós) with the name of Astral Construcciones Metálicas.
It has a presence in over 45 countries and owns brands including Jandy, AstralPool, Polaris, Cepex, Zodiac, CTX Professional and Gre.
The song was a big hit in clubs and reached number-one in Italy for 9 weeks in the summer of 1997.
Serious or not, Eric D. Clark, Justus Köhncke and Hans Niewandt have obviously hit the right key, as this single, taken from their second album Dense Music has already been a hit in Italy.
In the film, he plays a paramedic that keeps a share of a million dollars that he and his partner find on a dying man they have been called to save.
Concepción Ramírez (born Santiagi Atitlan, 8 March 1942) is a peace activist and from Guatemala and whose portrait appears on the Guatemalan 25 centavo coin - also known as the 'choca'.
In 1959, at the age of 17, her portrait was chosen to feature on the 25 centavo coin as a result of a competition to find the 'prettiest indigenous woman' in Guatemala.
The coin's design features Ramírez wearing a tocoyal head-dress, which is shaped like Lake Atitlan, and made of fabric wound around the head twenty times.
Guatemala has a violent political past and her family was affected by it: on 7 January 1980, her father was tortured to death with 27 other people; on 22 May 1990 her husband was murdered with three other people in a wave of political violence.
In reaction to this, Ramírez has spoken out against political violence and in 2007 she had the honour of laying a white rose, in Palm of Peace at the National Palace of Culture, and in the delivery of a document related to the internal armed conflict.
On March 8, 2016, the General Sub-Directorate for Crime Prevention of the National Civil Police of Santiago Atitlán paid tribute to her on her 74th birthday.
Primarily, it will provide the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.
In the 2017–18 Santosh Trophy, Lalromawia scored 4 goals for Mizoram football team and was one of the best player of the tournament.
The 2020 FC Kairat season is the 10th successive season that the club will play in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan, since their promotion back to the top flight in 2009.
On 27 January, Kairat announced the signing of Gulzhigit Alykulov on a two-year contract, with the option of a third, and the signing of Abat Aimbetov to a one-year contract, with the option of a second.
() is a Philippine action-comedy-romance film directed by and starring Coco Martin under his real name Rodel Nacianceno, alongside Jennylyn Mercado and Ai Ai delas Alas.
Balbon attempts to contact the executive director's daughter Trina (Jennylyn Mercado) to learn about her father's unfinished mission prior to his death.
Also as one of the co-stars and a producer of the film, Martin's role as director is credited under his real name Rodel Nacianceno.
On November 5, 2002, Edmunson won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 9 seat B. Edmunson defeated Caryl A. Whitlatch with 79.8% of the votes.
In August 2007, Edmunson resigned as a member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 9 seat B. Edmunson has joined the staff of Idaho governor Butch Otter as a field representatives.
She attended the American University in Washington DC, and early in her career, worked as a model signed to Ford Models, an actress, and entertainment reporter.
In 2019 Coelho founded House of Sussex, a fashion accessories brand focusing on collaborations with artists, creating backpacks using former street and tattoo artists designs, and also jewelry.
All times in UTC and only include information sourced from RSMCs, except for official landfall information issued by the related country.
Tseung Kwan O Shining () is a local political group based in Sai Kung and Tseung Kwan O founded in 2019.
In a historic pro-democracy landslide in 2019 District Council election, the group won one seats in the Sai Kung District Council.
Tseung Kwan O Shining was formed in 2019 ahead the 2019 District Council election by a group of Sai Kung and Tseung Kwan O residents, aiming at running against the uncontested pro-Beijing candidates, improving community livelihood and supervising the governmental institutes.
The group filled two candidates in the 2019 election, with Yu Tsun-ning contesting in Hang Hau West and Brandon Kenneth Yip running in Wai King, while only Yip ran under the banner of the Tseung Kwan O Shinning.
Musnad Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh (), is one of the oldest Hadith book compiled by Imam Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh (d. 853 A.D)., who is the teacher of famous Scholars of Hadiths including Imam Muhammad al-Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Imam Al-Tirmidhi & Imam Al-Nasa'i.
It is written in first century of Islamic Calendar and written before the most authentic book of Hadiths (narrations of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad) that are Sahihain (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim).
Write About Love is a 2019 Philippine romance film directed by Crisanto Aquino under TBA Studios which starred Miles Ocampo and Rocco Nacino.
The film revolves around the collaboration of a young female writer and a veteran male indie film writer to complete an unfinished script for love story.
Visitors to Taiz city usually buy the Taiz cheese in al-Bab al-Kabeer and Bab Musa markets as gifts for their families.
The production of the Taiz cheese was not affected by processed cheese productions because most Yemenis still prefer the local cheese.
Different types of plants are used to smoke the cheese which gives it the brown color and a special flavor depending on the plants that are used for smoking.
After the curd reaches the proper texture it is taken to small baskets where it stays for the rest of the day.
Her nickname as a player in the United Kingdom was Velvet, and she changed this to Ice Maiden after she moved.
She retired from competitive play in 2008, when ranked fifth at nine-ball and first at eight-ball, having lost her appetite for the game when her strategic marketing and development consultancy became successful, and her mother was diagnosed with breast cancer for the second time.
At the 1994 Women's World Snooker Championship, Ellerby beat Anita Rizzuti 4-2 in the preliminary round, before losing 3–4 to Helen Lazell in the first round.
In the 1990s Lanza was president of the Workers Union of the National Electric Power Company (STENEE), during which time she led the union's resistance to privatisation.
Previously, Lanza had been vice-president of the Central Federation of Free Trade Unions of Honduras and secretary for the United Federation of Workers of Honduras.
In 2010 the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ordered the Honduran government to guarantee the protection of Lanza, due to the continuing persecution.
This was coupled with calls for the pardoning of the charges that she had been imprisoned for by national and international organisations.
Since 2013 Moutchnik has been teaching at the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences in Wiesbaden (Germany) in the Department of Design, Computer Science and Media.
In addition to his master's study in history, sociology and political science at the State Pedagogical University in Saint Petersburg from 1993 to 1997, he completed a diploma in history at the French University College of Saint Petersburg from 1995 to 1997.
In 2002, he completed a master's degree in Middle, Modern and Eastern European History at the University of Heidelberg, which he had begun in 1997.
From April 2004 to March 2008, Moutchnik was a research assistant at Dietfried Günter Liesegang's chair of business administration at the University of Heidelberg.
Since October 2013 Moutchnik is professor for media management and media economics at the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences in the department of design, computer science and media in Wiesbaden.
The Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal, also referred to as the São Filipe Castle or the São Filipe Fortress, is in the city of Setúbal in the Setúbal District, of Portugal.
The fort was built on the orders of Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal), who personally witnessed the laying of the cornerstone of the new fortification in 1582.
It stands in a dominant position on the right bank of the mouth of the Sado River, overlooking the centre of Setúbal to its east.
The fortification of the stretch of coastline around Setúbal dates back to the 14th century, with the construction at sea level of the Fort of Santiago do Outão, which was intended to control the Sado river access to the medieval village.
During the reign of King John III in the first half of the 16th century there were plans to expand Setubal’s defences with the construction of a castle, but the financial difficulties faced at that time by the Crown made this impossible.
At the time of the Philippine Dynasty (1580-1640), Philip II of Spain ordered the construction of a new fortification on a hill adjacent to the city, to reinforce the defence of Setúbal.
Recent scholars, however, have argued that the intention of the fort was also to protect a garrison loyal to the Philippine Dynasty and provide a clear indication of the Spanish king’s power, as the people of Setúbal had shown considerable opposition to Spanish rule.
The fort was damaged during the 1755 earthquake and the Command House, then the residence of the Governor of Setúbal, was destroyed by fire in the mid-19th century.
It was classified as a National Monument in 1933 and was included in the Nature Park of Arrábida when that was established in 1976.
Conservation work was undertaken in the 1940s and in 1962 parts were converted to a hotel, which opened in 1965 as part of the Pousadas de Portugal chain.
Repairs and further conservation work have been carried out since then but the hotel closed in 2014 due to problems of structural instability.
The fort was reopened to the public on 31 March 2017, under the management of the city council, with an information centre and restaurant.
The fortress buildings are on an upper platform, and there is also a small baroque chapel with azulejo tiles showing scenes from the life of Saint Philip.
Craig Andrew McKernon (born 23 February 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The following is a list of people who acted as Guizer Jarl for each Lerwick Up Helly Aa festival since the introduction of the position of Guizer Jarl in 1906.
The Guizer Jarl is the chief guizer who (in the modern festival) leads a squad dressed as Vikings, and are the primary focus of the festival's proceedings.
Only the Jarl's Squad dresses as Vikings; the festival's other squads dress up in other costumes associated with the act they perform throughout the halls opened after the torchlight procession.
Later again, each Guizer Jarl would select both a name for the galley which is constructed throughout the year and burned in the torchlight procession, along with a ranks tune played throughout the Jarl's squad morning procession, and at the halls throughout the night.
Those wishing to become Guizer Jarl must be elected to the Up Helly Aa Committee (elections are held during mass meetings which all squads' members can attend), and then serve the committee for 15 years.
, women are not permitted in any Lerwick squad, including the Jarl's Squad and as such are not able to become Guizer Jarl.
Merton's family had founded Metallgesellschaft in Germany and Henry R. Merton and Co. in Britain, which were among the leading metal trading companies of their respective countries.
His specific contributions include work on the Normapolles group of pollen in the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, Mesozoic and Tertiary megaspores from around the world, palynofacies analysis to interpret past environments, and the palynology of the Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian–Barremian) of southern England.
He graduated from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario with a BA in Liberal Arts in 1964 and a BSc in geology and biology in 1965.
He then returned to England to study for a MSc in micropalaeontology at University College London, which was awarded in 1966.
After a two year postdoc at Cambridge he worked in the oil industry for Robertson Research International Ltd in North Wales and BP International, Sunbury on Thames and Aberdeen.
In 1976 he was hired as a Lecturer in the geology department of the University of Aberdeen, where he was promoted to Reader in 1988.
In 1990 he moved to the Institute of Earth Studies at Aberystwyth University to set up a MSc and PhD programme in palynology.
He subsequently became affiliated with the University of Manchester as an Honorary Research Professor and a Visiting Professor until his death.
During his career Batten was an author of 193 refereed journal articles, book chapters and books and supervised eight MSc and 14 PhD students.
Harris Medal of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, India (1998), the Jongmans Medal of the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands (2006), an honorary life membership of The Palaeontological Association, London (2011) and the Medal for Scientific Excellence of AASP–The Palynological Society (2018).
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Part of the area between the Vestre Landevej and Frederiksberg Allé was laid out as tobacco fields and a horse-driven mill was constructed for the processing of tobacco into snus.
The Royal Danish Horticultural Society's first garden was in 1837 laid out on a piece of land to the north of Haabet.
Three new streets in the area were given the names Kingosgade, Boyesgade and Brorsonsgade after the priest-and-hymn writers Thomas Kingo, Casper Johannes Boye (1791-1853) and Hans Adolph Brorson.
The Royal Horticultural Society's Garden had relocated to its current location at Frederiksberg Runddel in 1883 and another new a fourth new street at the site was renamed Haveselskabetsvej (The Horticultural Society Road ) to commemorate its old location.
C. F. Riedel & Lindegaard, an iron foundry and machine factory, was from 1867 located at the future street (later No.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 4,126, in which 2,190 are males and 1,936 are females.
She was sold for scrapping, on 23 December 1970, to Dawood Corp., Ltd. She was removed from the fleet on 1 July 1971.
In 1990, he graduated cum laude from Harvard Law School with a JD, and received a BA, Phi Beta Kappa, from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1987.
He began his career as an attorney at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom where he focused on mergers and acquisitions before joining Goldman, Sachs & Co. as a vice president in 1992.
Alexander Exarch (, 1810 – 27 September 1891) was a Bulgarian revivalist, publicist and journalist, active participant in the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Exarchate.
From 1836 he was in Paris, where he first studied mathematics, and later, with Ottoman state scholarship - medicine (1839 - 1841).
In 1841, he accompanied as a translator Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, sent by the French government to investigate the consequences of the Niš rebellion (1841).
He strongly opposes the insinuation of Ioannis Kolettis (at that time the Greek ambassador to Paris) that the uprising was Greek.
In 1842 - 1846, he sent several memoirs (memos) to the Western European governments to improve the situation of the Bulgarians.
With financial assistance from Russia, he published in Constantinople the Bulgarian „Constantinople newspaper” (1848 - 1862), whose editor-in-chief was between 1850 and 1860.
Dudley Henry John Kernick (24 August 1921 – 15 December 2019) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Jangaon Mandal (also known as tehsil, tahsil, taluka or taluq) is an administrative division or Sub District in Jangaon district in the Indian state of Telangana.
Bhonagheer, Davercondah and Nelgoondah Circars merged to form Nalgonda District but the Jangaon Taluka was transferred from Bhongir Circar to Warangal District in 1866, Cherial was renamed Taluka by adding some parts of Wardannapet region, with its headquarters at Jangaon.
After these changes in 1953, few villages of Jangaon taluka went to Medak district and some remained in Nalgonda district.During the reigm of Marri Chenna Reddy in 1979, Jangaon taluka was split into Cherial, Kodakandla and Jangaon talukas, at that time Jangaon taluk consist of 7 Circles namely Jangaon, Cherial, Rebarthi, Narmetta, Ippaguda, Chennur and Kodakondla Cirles.
In 1985, when N. T. Rama Rao introduced the mandal system, Jangaon taluka was further divided in to Jangaon Mandal, Raghunathpalle, Lingalaghanpur and Devaruppula mandals.
The 1951 Hydearabad State Census report shows Jangaon taluka was the most populated taluka of Nalgonda district with a total population of 2,91,165 with an area of with more than 200 inhabited towns and villages.
9207 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 4711 are boys and 4496 are girls—a ratio of 954 per 1,000.
The average literacy rate was 72.91% with male literacy rate is 73.57% and the female literacy rate is 57.53% in Jangaon Mandal.
As per Census 2011 out of total population, 56.7% people lives in Urban areas while 43.3% lives in the Rural areas.
Yug Shahstra Yojan Par Bhanu () is a Chaupai (poetry) from Hanuman Chalisa believed to have been authored by 16th-century poet Tulsidas of the Mughal Empire.
It does mean that Lord Hanumana travelled the distance of Yuga x Sahastra x Yojana to meet Bhanu (Lord Surya), the sun thinking it to be a sweet fruit.
Now, the terms Yuga, Sahasra and Yojana are the words which determine the distance which Hanuman traveled to meet the Sun which is believed to be his Guru.
In 2019, Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (WDR) had a new version sung by the children choir of the Choral Academy of Dortmund, authored by one of the hosts of WDR-2 as a caricature of intergenerational tensions.
The 2020 Men's EuroHockey Club Trophy I will be the first edition of the EuroHockey Club Trophy I, Europe's secondary men's club field hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation.
It is a fictional story about the life of Ötzi, a natural mummy of a man found in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps.
He emigrated from Iran when he was nine years old and after seven years of living outside of Iran, in 16 years-old, he decided to return to Iran.
Irandoost is most known for his tall and strong body and due to this characteristic, he got introduced to Mehran Modiri by Hassan Shokouhi and Mohsen Chegini.
Many news websites reported that Irandoost was bodyguard of many Hollywood actors and actress such as Jennifer Lopez, Nicolas Cage, Whitney Houston and etc.
He has recalled an encounter with Steven Seagal when he was still the bodyguard of a Hollywood figure that led to multiple fractions to his hand.
The men's 67.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 13 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
The Tiroler Sparkasse Bankaktiengesellschaft Innsbruck was founded in 1822 and holds a leading position in its regional market with a market share of around 30 % for private customers and almost 50 % for corporate customers (as of 2006).
It is also a member of the Savings Banks Liability Association, which guarantees the payment of customer deposits in excess of the legally guaranteed amount of € 100,000.
The aim was to encourage the building up of savings and financial provision for broad sections of the population and to use savings for economic development in the region.
She was named after Grant Wood, an American painter best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest, particularly American Gothic.
Sylvía Rún Hálfdánardóttir (born 20 September 1998) is an Icelandic basketball player and a member of the Icelandic national basketball team.
After starting the 2016-2017 season with Stjarnan, she stepped away from basketball after three games for personal reasons but returned to the team the following season where she went on to average 11.0 points and 7.6 rebounds in 12 games.
On 5 January 2019, Sylvía posted a quadruple-double with 11 points, 13 rebounds, 10 assists and 10 steals in a victory against Njarðvík.
In 2016, she was named to the Tournament All-First team during the 2016 FIBA U18 Women's European Championship Division B after leading Iceland to a 4th place finish.
The Kata'ib Hezbollah militiamen and their Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) supporters and sympathizers attacked the U.S. embassy in the Green Zone in response to U.S. airstrikes on 29 December 2019 that targeted weapons depots and command and control installations of Kata'ib Hezbollah across Iraq and Syria.
The attack occurred amidst the backdrop of the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis, leading the United States to blame Iran and its non-state allies in Iraq for orchestrating the attack, which Iran denied.
The U.S. responded by sending hundreds of additional troops to the Persian Gulf region, including approximately 100 U.S. Marines to reinforce security at the Baghdad embassy.
On 27 December 2019, an Iraqi airbase in Kirkuk province was attacked by more than 30 rockets, killing an American civilian contractor and injuring four U.S. service members and two Iraqi security forces personnel.
On 29 December 2019, retaliatory U.S. airstrikes targeted five Kata'ib Hezbollah —and therefore PMF— weapon storage facilities and command and control locations in Iraq and Syria.
While Iraq's Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the US air strike, U.S. special envoy Brian Hook said the strikes were a message directed at Iran.
On 31 December 2019, after a funeral was held for the Kata'ib Hezbollah militiamen that were killed by the prior U.S. airstrikes, an angry mob of dozens of Iraqi Shiite militiamen and their supporters marched through the perimeters of Baghdad's heavily fortified Green Zone, marched down Baghdad's Kindi Street, and surrounded an entrance to the U.S. embassy compound.
According to the Associated Press, the Iraqi Security Forces did not attempt to stop the mob and permitted them to pass a security checkpoint.
Dozens of the demonstrators then smashed through a main door of the checkpoint, set fire to the reception area, raised PMF militia flags and anti-American posters and sprayed anti-American graffiti.
Security staff withdrew to the embassy; there was no immediate comment from the Pentagon and the U.S. State Department on the situation.
There were also reports of tear gas being deployed to disperse the intruders as at least three protesters appeared to have difficulties breathing.
By early evening, the mob, which at one point numbered in several hundreds, had largely retreated and protesters had set up tents outside the embassy in an attempted sit-in.
On 31 December 2019, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo identified Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, Qais Khazali, Falih Alfayyadh, and Hadi al-Amiri as leaders of the attack on the embassy.
About five hours after the violence first erupted, 30 Iraqi soldiers in seven armored vehicles arrived and deployed near the embassy walls but not near the burning, breached checkpoint.
Reportedly, four vehicles carrying riot police later approached the embassy but were forced back by the protesters who blocked their path.
A detachment of approximately 100 U.S. Marines assigned to a crisis response unit in Kuwait, Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force – Crisis Response – Central Command (SPMAGTF-CR-CC), along with two U.S. Army AH-64 Apache attack helicopters from Taji, Iraq were deployed to secure the embassy.
Mark Esper subsequently announced the immediate deployment of an infantry battalion of about 750 U.S. soldiers from the 82nd Airborne Division to the Middle East.
He did not specify their destination, but a U.S. official familiar with the decision said they were to deploy to Kuwait.
Esper said additional soldiers from the 82nd Airborne's quick-deployment brigade, known officially as its Immediate Response Force, were prepared to deploy over the next several days.
The 750 soldiers deploying immediately were in addition to 14,000 U.S. troops sent to the Persian Gulf region since May 2019 in response to concerns about Iranian aggression.
On 1 January 2020, the protests flared up again as demonstrators started a fire on the roof of the reception area, reportedly prompting U.S. Marines to fire tear gas at the crowd, without any significant injuries to the protesters or guards.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo named then-Popular Mobilization Forces deputy chief Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq leader Qais Khazali and PMF commander Hadi al-Amiri (both of which were present at the embassy attack), and PMF chairman Falih Alfayyadh as responsible for the attack; al-Amiri and Alfayyadh were reportedly guests to the White House during the Obama administration.
Hours after Esper's announcement, in the early morning hours of 3 January 2020, the commander of Iran′s Quds Force, Major General Qasem Soleimani, and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis were assassinated in a U.S. drone strike while traveling in a convoy near Baghdad International Airport.
On 26 January 2020, three rockets were fired on the US embassy wounding at least one staff member present in the cafeteria at dinner time, with the nationality of the wounded still undisclosed, other sources reported 3 wounded.
Although it originally consisted of just Okabe, he would later be joined by ex-Namco composers such as Satoru Kosaki, who also wanted to work on non-game projects.
Him and the other composers worked under Yoko Taro's direction, who attended the same university as Okabe and was a 3D graphics designer at Namco.
The Launda Nach(Bhojpuri: 𑂪𑂫𑂢𑂹𑂙𑂰 𑂢𑂰𑂒) is a folk dance of the Bhojpuri speaking Community of India, Nepal, Mauritius and Carrabean Islands.
Similar meetings were held at the prime-ministerial level in 2010 and 2011 by then-Prime Ministers of Slovenia and Croatia, Borut Pahor and Jadranka Kosor.
Brdo-Brijuni process includes Slovenia and Croatia (EU Member States) and candidates and potential candidates for EU membership from the Western Balkans (Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo).
In 2014 Berlin Process was initiated by German Chancellor Angela Merkel, in which all of the Brdo-Brijuni Process countries are included as well.
Prior to its construction, inhabitants were between two and three and a half miles from the parish church of St Andrew at Curry Rivel.
The plans for the church were drawn up by Benjamin Ferrey of London and Mr. Maurice Davis of Langport was hired as the builder.
The foundation stone was laid on 20 June 1842, and the church and its cemetery were consecrated by the Bishop of Salisbury, the Right Rev.
The church underwent a £1,500 restoration scheme in 1957–58, after a survey of the building identified essential repairs to be made.
A stained glass window was added to the church in 1866 in memory of the fur dyer and engineer John Appold.
On 20 February 1946, she was allocated to the Japanese government until 16 December 1946, when she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Astoria, Oregon.
The men's 75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 14 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
The WWE Year-End Awards is a concept used by WWE, where awards, similar to the Academy and Grammy Awards, are given to professional wrestlers at the end of the year who have performed on Raw and SmackDown.
He has played a total of 33 first-class, 29 List A and 2 T20 games for Multan, State Bank of Pakistan and Sui Southern Gas Company.
Ablo is a social networking service for instant communications owned by Massive Media, a Belgium-based company founded in 2011 and acquired by Meetic, a subsidiary of Match Group in 2012.
The application allows users to connect and make friends with people from anywhere in the world by having live one-to-one text and video conversations, using an automated translation feature.
It is especially popular with people aged 18–25 years old in Latin America, Asia, North America and other parts of the world.
In its launch year, Ablo reached the number one spot in the Lifestyle Category in Google Play in Italy, Colombia, Mexico, Indonesia and Brazil.
In December 2019, it announced 6.5 million downloads globally and was selected as the Best App of 2019 by Google in the Google Play Store.
Ablo was selected as one of the best Android apps of 2019 by CNET, alongside TikTok, Google Maps and Disney Plus.
Ablo’s main feature is the ability to connect live with another person from anywhere in the world using automatically translated text and subtitled video calling.
Voetbalvereniging Alkmaar is a club that competes in the Dutch women's Eredivisie and the only one not affiliated with a (men's) professional club.
From 2007 until 2011 AZ Alkmaar had a successful women's section, but when they decided to pull the plug on the women's team for financial reasons, most of the players moved to nearby Telstar, who were starting up a women's section.
A son of Mirza Munim Beg and a kinsman of Mirza Najaf Khan, he along with his family fled Persia at the rise of Nadir Shah.
Initially a stalwart of the Maratha's he would defect in 1790, in order to check the rising power of Mahadji Scinde.
He would be defeated by the Maratha's at the Battle of Patan whereafter he would flee to Jaipur and thereafter to Jodhpur.
Ismail Beg fled to Madhogarh and when the Maratha's received this intel, Khande Rao would march against Madhogarh where Ismail Beg would be captured in 1792 and imprisoned thereafter in agra fort, only to be put to death in March 1794.
His rights were traded to the Philadelphia 76ers during training camp that year and he was one of the team's last preseason cuts.
The Infinite Recharge game involves two alliances of three teams each, with each team controlling a robot and performing specific tasks on a field to score points.
The game centers around a futuristic city theme involving two alliances consisting of three teams each competing to perform various tasks, including shooting foam balls known as Power Cells into high and low goals to activate a Shield Generator, manipulating a Control Panel to activate this shield, and returning to the Shield Generator to park or climb at the end of the match.
This will be the first season without an enforced six-week build period, with teams able to work on their robot at any time after kickoff.
However, teams are in general not permitted to work on their robot outside of pit hours during an event the team in question is competing at.
The season's kickoff event took place on January 4, 2020 at 10:00 AM Eastern Time and was centered around an impending asteroid impact threatening the FIRST City.
Infinite Recharge is played on a 26 ft 11 1/4 in (~821 cm) by 52 ft 5 1/4 in(~1598 cm) field covered in grey low-pile carpet.
The field is bounded by short transparent polycarbonate guardrails on the longer sides and the taller Alliance Station walls on the shorter side.
The Alliance Station is where drivers control their robots, human players deliver game pieces to robots, and opposing alliance robots shoot game pieces.
The center player station is flanked on one side by the loading bay, and on the other side by the opposing alliance's power port.
There are five places that game pieces can be put into the Loading Bay, with two upper ports, and three ground ports.
The Trench Run is an approximately 4 ft by 18 ft rectangular area on each side of the field bounded by alliance-colored tape that contains the alliance's Control Panel.
An alliance's Power Port is located at the opposing alliance's Alliance Station, requiring robots that intake from the Loading Bays to drive across the field in order to score Power Cells.
The hexagonal Outer Port is located above the Bottom Port, and is worth four points during the autonomous period, and two points in teleop.
The Inner Port is located inside of the Outer Port, and is a much smaller circular hole set in the back of the Outer Port.
Upon scoring a Power Cell into any port, one point is credited towards reaching Capacity, regardless of where it is scored.
Lights around the Power Cell indicate progression towards reaching a stage's Capacity, lighting up in a chase pattern when Capacity is reached but the extra condition is yet to be fulfilled.
They are large discs, with eight colored wedges (red, yellow, blue, and green, repeated once) printed on both the top and bottom.
After activating Stage 1 and reaching Stage 2’s capacity, an alliance may may score 10 points by performing Rotation Control on the Control Panel.
This entails rotating the Control Panel to a certain color specified by the Field Management System through a message sent to each team's driver's station.
An alliance's Rendezvous Point is located underneath the Shield generator, and is marked with each alliance's color on three sides, with the fourth side being a black line separating the two Rendezvous Points.
Alliances gain 5 points for each robot parked there when the game ends or 25 for each robot hanging, which will be explained below.
During the final 30 seconds of a match, robots may extend up and attach to the bar on the bottom of the switch.
Each robot attached to the switch and off the ground at the end of the match is worth 25 extra points.
The switch is able to swing back and forth when robots attach to it, and there is an additional 15 point bonus for balancing the switch within ~8 degrees of level.
An additional ranking point will also be given to an alliance if their endgame score (ie., that of climbing and parking) exceeds 65 points, which makes the Shield Generator operational.
To ensure high placement, it is not only important to win matches, but to complete the secondary objectives as well, to amass as many Ranking Points as possible.
Starting in the 2020 season, the FIRST Championship will not move to a stadium for FTC and FRC final matches as well as closing ceremonies.
On January 30, 2020, FIRST announced that the two Beijing Cultural Exchange regional events that were scheduled for Weeks 3 and 4 would be postponed until after the FIRST Championship due to the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
As teams will not have an opportunity to qualify for the 2020 Championship through these events, teams that win Championship-qualifying awards at these two events will qualify for the 2021 Championship instead.
However the movement began to disappoint Albanians as it didn't bear the fruit which they hoped for, and so, it was abandoned.
Rugova was critical of the Albanian resistance movement as he believed it was dangerous for civilians to venture out on the streets without the danger of being abused.
In 1997, Rugovas gandhism was criticised by the LDK-party and others, and the government in Tirana began holding meetings with Rugovas opposition parties.
The movements aim was to change the previous Albanian culture to act in a way favourable to the international community on a local and international level.
The men's 82.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 16 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
The United States team of Rex Caldwell and John Cook won by seven strokes over the Australia team of Terry Gale and Wayne Grady and Canada team of Dave Barr and Jerry Anderson The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Dave Barr three strokes ahead of Rex Caldwell.
Shathab (ruta graveolens), nigella sativa seeds, salt and smoked ghee (Samn makbi) are added to the milk while it is boiling.
Yemeni people in the cities who don't have goats or cows prepare the libba using different ingredients: 8 eggs, 1 cup of milk, 1 cup of dairy milk, 2 cup of condensed milk, a small amount of citric acid or lemon and salt, half teaspoon of yeast, ghee, shathab (ruta graveolens), nigella sativa seeds.
The 2020 Men's EuroHockey Club Trophy II will be the 44th edition of the EuroHockey Club Trophy, Europe's tertiary men's club field hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation and the first edition since it was renamed from the EuroHockey Club Trophy.
The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire (1938) is one of a diptych of completed essays that was composed during the preparatory outlining and drafting phase of Walter Benjamin's uncompleted composition of The Arcades Project.
Benjamin began translating Baudelaire's poetry in 1914 or 1915 when he was twenty-two years of age, and his work on these translations became intensive in the early 1920s.
In the late twenties, he began to collect material and ideas for a history of the emergence of urban commodity capitalism in Paris around 1850 (this study eventually evolved into The Arcades Project).
In 1937, at the urging of Max Horkheimer, Benjamin reconceptualized the Arcades Project as a study of Baudelaire that would draw on the central concerns of the project as a whole.
Each section is devoted to a large scale historical phenomenon of which Baudelaire plays the part of the exemplar or specimen.
Nana Obokese Ampah is known in private life as Kojo Ampah Sahara and is Fordham University, New York- United States of America trained communications expert.
He is a serial entrepreneur with interests in Agro and Food processing business, Entertainment, Hospitality and Tourism, Media/ Public Relations amongst others, the Cape Coast Development Company, national planning committee member of the Pan African Historical Theater Festival (PANAFEST) and AU Arts Festival Foundation.
In 1983 MacDonald was the first paediatrician in Canada to complete the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada certification in paediatric infectious diseases.
Her research considered the microbiology of cystic fibrosis, sexually transmitted infections in adolescents and the development of vaccinations for infectious diseases.
At Dalhousie University she became the first woman in Canada to be elected Dean of a Faculty of Medicine, and held this position until 2004.
That year she was a founding member of the World Health Organisation Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, and has held various positions on technical committees and in training development since then.
She remains on their Strategic Advisory Committee on Immunisation, which considers the demand for vaccines, as well as serving as a consultant for vaccine safety.
The CCfV was established to implement and evaluate vaccine technologies as well as training experts in infectious diseases and global health.
From 2008 to 2019 MicroResearch had led more than forty two-week workshops across seven African countries, training in excess of 1000 healthcare professionals and community members.
MacDonald has served as editor for the journals Paediatrics & Child Health and the Canadian Medical Association Journal, as well as acting as child health editor for the Oxford Research Encyclopaedia of Global Public Health.
In 2004 the Canadian Paediatric Society founded the Noni MacDonald Award, which is given annually to researchers who have positively affected paediatrics.
Kenilworth bowling club was established in the square in 1892 in the back garden of Charles Eason, founder of Eason & Son.
The club acquired a 25-year lease on nearby Grosvenor Square in 1909 and have remained there ever since despite retaining the Kenilworth name.
Murugesa Mudaliyar was born Sengunthar Kaikola Mudaliar (Pullikarar Kothiram) family in Tiruchengodu in Salem district to a wealthy textile merchant, V.V.C.Ramalingam Mudaliar.
The Dhaka Subway, as distinct from the Dhaka Metro Rail (Bengali: ঢাকা মেট্রো), is an underground urban rail network being planned in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, by the Bangladesh Bridge Authority(BBA); an autonomous body responsible for the building and maintenance of bridges, tunnels, flyovers, and overpasses in Bangladesh, and a division of the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges.
This is being done at the behest of the Honourable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who pledged to launch the Dhaka Subway at an election rally in Gulshan prior to the 2018 elections.
The Dhaka Subway was conceived as a separate transport system to the proposed Dhaka MRT (mass rapid transit) network, or Dhaka Metro Rail.
The Dhaka Metro Rail, under development by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL), will provide five MRT lines and two BRT (bus rapid transit) lines.
The other three MRT lines, along with BRT Line 7, are in various planning stages; with the MRT lines being mostly underground.
In spite of the fact that the Dhaka Subway and the Dhaka Metro Rail are separate systems being planned by different authorities, it is expected that they will be incorporated into a single mass transit system at some point in the future.
The Consultancy Services originally envisaged a Dhaka Subway network of 90km, consisting of four lines, with stations spaced at an average distance of approximately one kilometre.
A number of geotechnical and geophysical surveys and investigations are to be carried out at a total of 250 locations, with boreholes being drilled at 180 of these.
Boreholes are to be drilled at proposed station locations, with seismic CPTU tests to be carried out at intermediate locations between stations.
Traffic and transportation surveys, including household interviews, traffic counts, roadside origin/destination surveys, travel time and delay studies, and public transport surveys are also being carried out.
The RSTP was prepared by the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA) under the auspices of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
Potential Dhaka Subway lines, or corridors, were drawn; between MRT and BRT lines, to pass through areas of dense development, to connect key transport connection points and points of interest, and to connect MRT lines.
The routes for the Dhaka Subway network have been planned to enhance and compliment the MRT and BRT networks, in terms of both coverage and connectivity, and in order to create a single, integrated mass transit system for Dhaka in the future.
Stations were located in densely developed areas, as far as possible, so as to maximize commuter capture, but in such a way as to minimize or reduce land acquisition, building demolition, resettlement, and impact to traffic during construction.
This network, which would be expected to provide close to full coverage to most of central Dhaka City and would potentially consist of 9 subway lines covering a total of approximately 240km, and include over 200 stations, is now being investigated.
A member of the Papal household, he was appointed as a Prelate of Honour of His Holiness in 2006 and an Apostolic Protonotar in 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI.
Imkamp serves as a consultant for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments and is a member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology, The German Association of the Holy Land, and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.
He is a knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, and the Order of Parfaite Amitié.
With the help of Bishop Klaus Hemmerle, he enrolled at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome where he studied theology and philosophy.
He went back to the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1982 for a doctorate in theology, focusing on dogma and the historical work on the church by Pope Innocent III.
From 1988 until 2017 he served as the pilgrimage director of the Church of St. Maria Vesperbild in the Augsburg Western Woods Nature Park.
Since retiring Imkmap resides in Saint Emmeram's Abbey, where he serves as the director of the court library for the House of Thurn and Taxis and is a board member of the Franz Marie Christinen Foundation.
In 1987 he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre by Cardinal Maximilien de Furstenberg, and was invested on 17 October 1987 by Bishop Franz Hengsbach.
In 2006 he was appointed as a Knight of the Order of Parfaite Amitié by Albert, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and as a Prelate of Honour of His Holiness by Benedict XVI.
In 2009 he was appointed as a consultant to the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments by Pope Benedict XVI.
In 2003 he became a corresponding member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Rome and, in 2013, became a full member of the Academy.
He is a member of the supervisory board of the Sankt Ulrich Verlag media group of Augsburg, and works as a church historian in Bavaria.
He is also a member of The German Association of the Holy Land and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.
He accused Heiner Koch, the Archbishop of Berlin, of providing more protection for homosexual people than Christian refugees and blamed the focus on LGBTQ people on political lobbying.
Cyp6g1 or DDT-R is a gene involved in the insecticide DDT-resistant in Drosophila melanogaster, belongs to the cytochrome P450 family, location in chromosome 2R.
Communities within the district include Alderson, Hinton, Lewisburg, Ronceverte, White Sulphur Springs, Rainelle, Fairlea, Montgomery, Mount Hope, Oak Hill, Ansted, and Fayetteville.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, and overlaps with the 28th, 32nd, 41st, and 42nd districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
Democrat Stephen Baldwin was appointed in 2017 to serve the remaining term of Ronald F. Miller, who had resigned to take a position in the administration of Governor Jim Justice.
He was the second of four brothers and two sisters (both of whom died in childhood) After training as a secondary school teacher (German, music), he studied lute and guitar with Walter Gerwig at Musichochschule in Cologne from 1955 to 1958.
Subsequently, he became a lecturer at the Northwest German Music Academy Detmold Hochschule für Musik Detmold and began at the same time a successful international career as a concert artist.
An impairment of his arm (neurotmesis of the nerve in his right arm) forced him to give up his concert career in 1977.
In 1962 he was appointed by Paul Sacher to the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis and taught there until his retirement in 1996.
Along with German lutenists Michael Schäffer (lutenist) and Walter Gerwig, many of the top lutenists from the 1970s to the present studied with him at the Schola.
His students include Toyohiko Satoh, Hopkinson Smith, Robert Strizich, Catherine Liddel, Jürgen Hübscher, Paul O'Dette, Rolf Lislevand, Karl-Ernst Schröder, Robert Barto, Joachim Held, Peter Croton, Christina Pluhar, Anthony Bailes, Ray Nurse inter alia.
The FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives during the 2020s is a list, maintained for an eighth decade, of the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation.
The FBI in the past has identified individuals by the sequence number in which each individual has appeared on the list.
Some individuals have even appeared twice, and often a sequence number was permanently assigned to an individual suspect who was soon caught, captured, or simply removed, before his or her appearance could be published on the publicly released list.
Kevin Givens (born March 1, 1997) is an American football defensive tackle for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL).
He was waived at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 1, 2019.
Kala Suri Koddul Arachchige Wilson Perera (born 20 August 2006 – died 20 August 2006 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly known as K.A.W.
Considered as one of the best filmmakers in Sri Lankan cinema, Perera was also a screenwriter, dialogue writer, lyricist and producer who contributed to Sri Lankan drama career for more than five decades.
Praised by his Director of the Department, Perera was soon appointed as the Assistant English Teacher at a school in Biyanwala in 1949.
In 1955, after few years of duty, he quit from the job and moved to Radio Ceylon as a full time writer and copywriter.
On 19 November 2013, a felicitation ceremony and three-day film festival was held at BMICH to celebrate Perera's contribution to Sinhala cinema.
He was supported by the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (National German Fellowship Foundation) for a doctoral fellowship as well as a one-year USA-stipend.
During this work he already opened his European point of view to philosophical discussion in the United States with academic stays at Northwestern University (T. McCarthy), The New School (R. Bernstein), and Berkeley (H. Dreyfus).
After returning to Frankfurt to complete his PhD, he began his US teaching career in 1991—first as an assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, then following a call to the University of North Florida, Jacksonville.
All the years in the States he maintained academic contacts to Europe, first to the Austrian Alpen-Adria-Universität in Klagenfurt, where he was teaching as a guest professor (2004; 2006, 2010, since 2014 regularly), also to Prague (2003).
His impulses can be found among education theorists, psychologists, anthropologists, and social scientists generally, as well as in gender research and by feminist authors.
Readers and former students reimported his views and impulses into European discussions, for instance in Norway, Denmark, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, New Zealand, Canada, Brazil, and Italy, among others.
A full length bibliography of his works published in English, German, French, Czech, Italian, and Russian, up to the year 2008 is available on the personal web site of the University of North Florida; recent literature can be accessed via researchgate.
The Driftin' Kid is a 1941 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Robert Emmett Tansey and Frances Kavanaugh.
In 2018 it was estimated that its rooms were only being used 40% of each day and, as such, the hospital was not being used to its full potential.
He studied part-time while becoming increasingly active in the union, including a spell as its North West Region Health and Safety Officer.
Nichols was elected to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in 2000, and became President of the TUC for 2019/20.
The Lancaster oilfield is an offshore oil field in United Kingdom territorial waters west of Shetland and north of mainland Scotland in water depths of around .
It comprises licence blocks 205/21a, 205/22a, 205/26b and 205/22b in Licence P1368 (Central), all of which are fully owned by Hurricane Energy.
Production costs for 2020 are forecast to be $20 per barrel and are expected to fall to $17/bbl and perhaps as low as $15/bbl in 2021 as production ramps up.
In 2009, Hurricane Energy drilled well 205/21a-4 much deeper into the naturally fractured basement and discovered a substantial column of light crude oil with 38° API and a flow rate of of oil per day.
Both figures were constrained by surface equipment capabilities and it was reported that the well could deliver per day with a modest 120psi drawdown under production conditions.
This will be used to generate revenue and evaluate the reservoir properties over an initial testing period expected to take 6 to 12 months followed by a production period for the remainder of the duration.
Revenue generated from oil sales will help to fund further activities in the Lancaster Field and the adjacent Halifax, Warwick and Lincoln fields.
Following a 72-hour production test during which the planned production rate of of oil per day was achieved, a press release announcing first oil was issued on 4 June 2019.
When announcing first oil, Hurricane Energy forecast that production for the first three months would be of oil per day and per day for the following three months giving a combined average of of oil per day for the first six months with production being constrained by testing activities.
Each of the two production wells has flowed at more than of oil per day without the need for ESP assistance.
The natural flow rates are 211% higher than previous tests for the 205/21a-6 well and 153% higher than previous tests for 205/21a-7Z.
Well 205/21a-6 has demonstrated a PI of 205 stb/psi/d (29.3% above previous tests) and well 205/21a-7Z has demonstrated a PI of 190 stb/psi/d (28.1% above previous tests).
Hurricane Energy is continuing to test and analyse the reservoir properties and expects to update its assessment of the Lancaster Field during 2020.
Production from first oil until the end of 2019 averaged of oil per day which is 20.9% higher than was forecast when first oil was announced.
Production in 2020 is expected to be of oil per day, planned as per day at 85% uptime, which includes allowances for operational downtime and shut-ins for potential tie-ins and/or de-bottlenecking.
The Oil and Gas Authority has required that Hurricane Energy spuds at least one additional sub vertical well before 22 December 2021 in order to further establish the size of the Lancaster Field.
This will enable surplus natural gas to be transported to Sullom Voe Terminal in the Shetland Isles of Scotland for processing rather than being flared.
It is hoped that the link between the Aoka Mizu and WOSP will be operational by the end of March 2021.
The production capacity of the Aoka Mizu is forecast to increase to of oil per day in 2022, planned as per day at 87.5% uptime.
Some of this capacity is currently intended to be used for the adjacent Lincoln oilfield, in which Hurricane Energy has a 50% stake, pending full field development of that asset.
A full field development final investment decision for the Lancaster Field is currently forecast to be made in mid 2022 with first oil expected around three years later.
The Cal 35 is an American sailboat that was designed by C. William Lapworth as a cruiser and first built in 1979.
It has a masthead sloop rig with aluminium spars, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
There are also four fixed ports in the main cabin, plus fixed, flush-mounted deadlights over the galley and the forward berths.
The mainsail boom has a topping lift and two internal reefs, an internal outhaul and a boom vang with a 4:1 mechanical advantage.
It was built between 1916 and 1918 as the residence of the family of a factory owner, and it was designed by Johan Wilhelm Hanrath.
It was built on the north side of the Bredaseweg, where ribbon development of large detached houses with gardens started to take a hold in the 1930s.
The government organization Staatsbosbeheer inherited the property from Charles Janssen, Jos' son, in 1986 with the request to conserve the mansion for at least 25 years.
It subsequently served as a regional headquarters for that organization, and it was renovated in the late 1980s, adding among other things a fire escape.
According to the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, the building has cultural-historical importance as it serves as an example of the construction of estates along the arteries entering industrial towns.
Furthermore, it has important value within the oeuvre of architects Hanrath and Springer, and its interior and exterior are in a good condition.
Staatsbosbeheer tried to sell the mansion in 2015 for an asking price of around €950,000, preferably for residential usage and not to a developer.
This last condition was later dropped, and the asking price was raised to €1.85 million before it was lowered again to €1.6 million in 2019.
Because the estate agent did not manage to sell the property, Staatsbosbeheer dropped the preference for residential usage and a private seller later that year, although the zoning plans still required an alteration to allow for extensions or other uses.
The central hall on the ground floor connects to most rooms including the living room and a drawing room with teak panelling.
Another passage has a backdoor and the entrance to the kitchen, that is fitted with an intercom to deliver messages to the other rooms.
The central hall also contains the three-part staircase, that is made out of Scots pine wood and leads to the first floor.
The forested garden with a size of was designed by landscape architect Leonard Springer, who was also responsible for the Leijpark in Tilburg.
In the original design, the entrance of the teahouse, consisting of sliding doors, with windows in the doors and on either side, was located behind the veranda.
Connor Tupai (born 8 December 1999) is a New Zealand born rugby union player currently playing for Northampton Saints in Premiership Rugby.
Connor is the son of Paul Tupai who played over one thousand rugby union games for club and country across a 28-year playing career.
Following a tour to England with Samoa rugby, he was spotted by Budge Pountney, director of rugby at Northampton Saints at the time.
Tupai joined the Northampton Saints junior academy at a young age and was awarded his first professional contract with the club’s senior academy in 2018.
The young scrum half appeared in his first Northampton senior game in the annual Mobbs Memorial Match against the Army Rugby Football Club in 2018.
Hosted at Franklin’s Gardens, the Saints team failed to win a game and did not progress in the competition, ultimately won by Saracens.
Following a steady string of off the bench appearances for Northampton, Tupai started his first European Rugby Champions Cup game against Leinster at the age of 20.
The Celtic currency of Britain were the various items and coins used as currency between approximately 200 BC and AD 60.
Coin production was largely ended by the Roman conquest of Britain, first by the Claudian invasion of AD 43 and later by the Defeat of Boudica in AD 60 or 61.
Coin use is usually divided into a core area which covers the home counties as well as parts of Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire.
This was surrounded by a periphery of coin using groups some of which, the Corieltauvi, Durotriges, Dobunni and Iceni, appear to have minted their own coinage.
The coins in the core area are generally attributed to the Atrebates and Cantii in the areas south of the Thames and the Trinovantes and Catuvellauni to the north.
Historically this falsification may have been driven by farm-workers wanting to hide that they had taken the coins from their employer's land.
More recently, false provenances have been produced to hide the source of coins looted by metal detectorists such as the mass looting of the Wanborough Temple site.
There are variances in the surviving texts, meaning that it is possible the original text was referring to iron ring money.
John Lesley, writing in the 16th century, claimed that leather money had been issued in Scotland in the second century BC.
First, a fairly exact amount (accuracies of a few milligrams or better have been recorded) of metal would be weighed out in the form of powder or nugget.
The lower die would be concave in order to hold the blank in place while the upper die would be convex.
The dies were frequently larger than the blanks being struck, resulting in only part of the design appearing on the coin.
Experimental archeology suggests that a lower die could be expected to last for up to 10,000 strikes depending on the level of wear deemed acceptable.
Upper dies seem to have a far greater range of lives, with usable lives ranging from just over 100 strikes to nearly 8,000 being reported.
Combining archaeological evidence with historic records suggests ancient coin producers could get as many as 47,000 strikes out of an individual die.
It is possible that in some cases, instead of moulds being used, the metal would be melted and poured onto a flat surface.
A number of coins from the period consisting of a base metal core and a precious metal coating have been found.
These would have been made by coating the base metal with a thin layer of precious metal, then striking the blank.
While these coins for the most part appear to have been straightforward forgeries, some appear to have been struck using the same dies as non forgeries, making their status less clear.
The patterns on the coins were produced by pressing a pattern into the clay or, in simpler cases, scratching lines in it.
The earliest coins to appear in the British archaeological record are third or fourth century BC Carthaginian bronzes, although it seems unlikely that they were used as currency.
Other coins from the end of the third century and start of the second century BC have been found but there is no evidence for their use as currency and the situation is complicated by contamination by modern losses.
Post antiquity a direct trade route for Greek coins into Britain has existed since the creation of the Levant Company in the late 16th century.
On the reverse they carried an image of a Biga chariot being pulled by two horses and carrying a figure wielding a whip.
Six series of Gallo-Belgic staters issues are known as A through to F with subtypes such as AA and AB (in this case defined by the direction in which the bust faces).
A die for striking Gallo Belgic A coins has been found in Bredgar, Kent but it isn't clear if it was used for official strikes or forgeries.
Ambiani coins have been found along the south coast of the West Country, possibly arriving there as the result of trade across the English channel.
Kentish cast bronzes (historically referred to as Thurrock potins) appear to have been the first coins made in Britain dating from the end of the second century BC.
They appear to have circulated mainly in Kent and were based on coins issued by Massalia (now Marseille in modern France).
Although potins were around at the same time as the first British gold coins they aren't found together which suggests they served a different role in society.
Potins continued to circulate for some time after the Roman conquest of Britain and they have been found in burials dating to the late Roman period.
The first known British stater was based on the Gallo-Belgic C stater and appears to have been made by melting down said staters and re-striking them.
It is referred to as the British A stater or the Westerham and Ingoldisthorpe stater, and was probably made shortly after 100BC.
At much the same time or shortly afterwards, a range of uninscribed British starters was produced by various groups, with inscribed coins not appearing until after 50BC.
As with the Gallo-Belgic staters, these coins have been divided into a number of series which have in turn been divided into various subtypes.
The coins consisted of gold staters based on the British L stater, gold quarter staters, and silver and bronze coins of lower value.
His bronze and silver coins developed over time from Celtic-influenced designs to those influenced by a very wide range of Mediterranean coinage.
These coins were inscribed COMMIOS and appear to have been issued by the son of the Commius mentioned by Julius Caesar in his writings, although it is possible that the first of these coins was issued by the original Commius.
The only coins with the COMMIOS inscription are gold staters, but quarter starters and silver coins have been linked to the series.
Tincommius initially issued coins that followed much the same pattern as Commius but at the end of the first century BC switched to heavily Roman-inspired designs with what has been called the proto-classical series.
In all Tincommius's coins have been divided into 4 series; first the Celtic then the Proto-classical, followed by the Crude and Classical which appear to have been struck around the same time.
Tincommius issued silver coins as well as gold and his Roman-derived silver coins have a metal content that suggests they were made from melted down Denarii.
However find-spot data suggests that they may both (if there were indeed two mints) have operated in the vicinity of modern Chichester or alternatively it possible that one of the mints was located at Calleva Atrebatum.Tincommius's gold staters weighed around 5.3g while his gold quarter staters weighed around 1.03g.
In particular the gold coins Eppillus had circulated in the area around Calleva Atrebatum were thicker than those circulated in Eppillus's holdings in northern Kent and the silver coins heavier.
The style of the coins suggests a different die cutter in each region with a few cases of each cutter producing a die for the other region.
The coins issued around Calleva Atrebatum represent something of a break from previous styles although some of them appear to have derived design elements from the coins of Tincommius as well as various Roman denari.
A small number of coins have been found in kent that appear to have been jointly minted by Eppillus, Tincommius and a third leader named Verica.
The style of these coins is similar to those circulated in Eppillus's holdings in northern Kent with elements similar enough to suggest a common die cutter.
Eppillus and Tincommius appear to have had their holdings taken over by Verica who from around AD 10 issued gold staters and quarter staters based on those of Tincommius and Eppillus.
Differences in style between coins suggests that Verica was operating two mints one using an engraver formerly employed by Eppillus and the other derived from Tincommius.
Verica's stater series weighed between 5.27g and 5.29g while the gold content varied between 42% and 44.5% The gold content appears to have remained stable over time with no sign of debasement.
The first inscribed coinage in this area appear to have been struck by the Corieltauvi around AD 1 and were closely based on the proceeding British K stater.
The coins were inscribed with the letters VEP and it has been suggested that this and other inscriptions refer to the names of leaders.
The standard denominations appear to have been staters, silver units and silver half units although some of the rarer inscriptions haven't been found in all denominations.
Its not clear who or what most of the inscriptions on the coins refer to although it has been suggested that ECEN is a version of Iceni.
The defeat of the Iceni and the end of Boudicca's revolt in AD 60 or 61 brought an end to Iceni coin production.
Of the four (Bodvoc, Corio, Comux and Catti) only Bodvoc appears to have issued inscribed silver coins with the others possibly being to connected to various uniscribed silver coins that appear to have been issued in the area.
Unlike their predecessors they did issue inscribed silver units.A branched emblem appears on the obverse of a number of the Dobunni's gold staters.
The symbol's significance and origins are unclear although corn, ferns and a derivative of the wreath on the British Q stater have all been suggested.
The Durotriges issued a series of rapidly debased coins through this period probably starting around 50BC with a largely silver (80%) stater (British B) with a fairly small percentage of gold.
Due to a lack of coins being found in a secure archological context there is some uncertainty over assigning some of the earlier coins to the Durotriges so it is possible true Durotrigian coinage didn't start until a few years later.
Regadless of the starting point the level of silver used in Durotrigian coins rapidly declined until by 30BC their coins were being struck in bronze.
These have been found alongside Roman coins and it certainly seems possible that they were minted after the Roman conquest although the reason for this minting and why it would be allowed is unclear.
The other is a hoard, found near Netherurd, that contained forty-plus Globules à la Croix (bullet coins) along with a number of gold torcs.
The coins were struck in Gaul, possibly in an area to the north-east of Paris although the exact area is far from clear.
With the defeat of the Iceni and the occupation of their territory the minting of Celtic coinage came to an end; the cast coins of Hengistbury Head may have continued a few years longer.
After the first wave of Roman occupation in AD 43 low quality copies of asses appear to have been produced, possibly to make up for a lack of low denomination coins being imported from mints in Rome.
Further production of unclear and possibly varying officialdom took place with the production of cast copies of silver denarii around the year 200.
For example, a single silver unit was found along with 4 sceattas in a deposit near Birchington-on-Sea that has been dated to around 600.
She was also the prefect of the Guédiawaye and Pikine departments, before she became the Principal Private Secretary of the Ministry of Culture.
In October 2013, she was appointed governor of the Fatick Region by President Macky Sall after the meeting of the Council of Ministers.
In July 2014, Bampassy was appointed Minister of Public Service, Manpower Rationalisation and Public Service Renewal within the Government Dionne I, succeeding Mansour Sy.
Selected by the Maine Red Claws in the 2nd Round of the 2019 NBA G League draft out of Troy University, Person played previously for the Roseto Sharks of the Italian A2 Basketball League.
Despite being picked by the Maine Red Claws with the 4th pick in the 2nd Round of the 2019 NBA G League Draft, Person Jr. was waived by Maine following training camp in November of that year.
Born in Brantley, Alabama, Wesley Person Jr. is the son of former NBA player Wesley Person, and nephew or former NBA player Chuck Person.
Person played college basketball at Troy University and in 2019 was selected by the Maine Red Claws in the 2019 NBA G League Draft.
Wesley's nephew, Adrian Person, is a former nationally ranked JUCO basketball player who averaged a national best 31 points per game at Southern Union State Community College in Wadley, Alabama in 1997.
She worried about their future, seeing the many disabled beggars in Vietnam, and became depressed, withdrawing from school and attempting suicide.
He was the vice president of the First American Bank from 1996–2008, and has been the senior vice president of the First National Bank since 2008.
Blanche Hinman Dow (February 9, 1894, Louisiana, Missouri-May 25, 1973) was President of the American Association of University Women (1963-1967) and was President of Cottey College, retiring in 1965 after serving for 16 years.
Dow graduated from Smith College in 1913, continuing her education at Columbia University earning a masters degree and doctorate in French.
District 14 (Persian:منطقه ۱۴, also romanized as Mantaqe ye Ĉahārdah) is one of 22 central districts of Tehran Municipality is located in southeast of the Tehran, Iran.
This list of intelligence and espionage-related awards and decorations is an index to articles about notable awards and decorations related to intelligence and espionage.
The United States Intelligence Community is a group of separate United States government intelligence agencies and subordinate organizations, that work separately and together to conduct intelligence activities to support the foreign policy and national security of the United States.
After services transferred to modern facilities such as Fareham Community Hospital, Havant War Memorial Hospital closed in September 2011 and was subsequently converted for use as a care home.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 17 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
The soundtrack is a mix of South American folk music, jazz, swing and big band sounds, for the game story filled with adventure and intrigue set in a unique combination of film noir and Mexican folklore's Day of the Dead.
The soundtrack garnered critical acclaim and remained subject of positive reviews and inclusion in critics' rankings for the two decades after its first release.
Set in the Mexican folklore's Land of the Dead and with a strong film noir twist, the story follows Department of Death's travel agent Manny Calavera who acts as a guide for recently departed souls as they travel through the Land of the Dead on their way to their final destinations.
This land, meant to be only a place of passage to the final heavenly destination, has been settled by undeserving souls turning it into a land full of film noir-inspired crime and corruption, and making the travel of many departed souls more difficult and treacherous.
The game is one of the most acclaimed adventure games of all time, considered the last great adventure game to be released during the golden age of the adventure game genre.
While composer Peter McConnell himself credits the outstanding directorial work of Tim Schafer, critics emphasized that one of the key components in the excellence of the game was McConnell's outstanding soundtrack.
Tim Schafer, Peter McConnell and other members of the development team had had long and overlapping careers from previous projects at LucasArts.
All this led to McConnell eventually incorporating the charango as one of the unique sounds of the score, along with the Andean flutes quena and tarka.
When later interviewed, McConnell noted his satisfaction of being given ample lead time to compose and produce the score; he first began to work on the project in early 1997, about a year and a half before the game's release.
In order to create a soundtrack that would follow the story of the game and mesh with the different settings within it, McConnell and his team created a digital interface system of little buttons that represented places in the game as a way to visually represent the score.
They then recorded Schafer talking about the game and turned it into little snippets that were assigned to those plot points.
This was done using LucasArts iMUSE proprietary adaptive music system that McConnell himself had co-created with Michael Land a few years earlier.
McConnell would then come up with a theme by humming a tune, record it in a cassette, play it back to Schafer, and eventually replace the plot points narration with those tunes.
Rather than fully develop each piece one at a time, his approach was to create a short sketch for each situation in the game of about 15 seconds long and then move on as soon as he felt he had hit the target and gotten the gist of the mood.
This allowed him to be more productive, as it was easier and less stressful to later on in the process develop full pieces based on already existing sketches, instead of rushing to develop completely novel compositions from scratch as the completion deadline neared.
McConnell used the limited MIDI composition palette of the time, a couple of EMU E4 samplers (with 128MB RAM each), a Roland GMIDI Sound Canvas, and one or two other sound modules.
In the original production, the orchestral elements of the score were digitally synthesized, due to the common budgetary and technological limitations on gaming audio of the time.
McConnell understood that the atmosphere of the game was bringing together a noir story that was familiar to the Anglo-American audience, with a Latin culture that may have been less familiar.
The Mission district was a source of inspiration with its rich and eclectic music scene, also turned out to be key in the recording of the score, with all the live musicians being connected to it.
A 43-minute version with 32 tracks was concurrently released in 1998 as a CD album, sold at the LucasArts online company store.
The soundtrack was very well received at its original release, and it continued to receive praise years after, often considered one of the best game soundtracks of all time.
McConnell had made the most of the resources he had for the score's original production, which meant devoting more of them where they could make the greatest impact while cutting corners in other areas.
Even though, for example, he wished he had been able to find a better-sounding piano sample, he did not regret not recording the piano live as it would have meant compromising the quality of more important parts given the time and budget constraints.
However, he had long wished to revisit the score if the opportunity arose, to fix and enhance the various aspects that had not been viable during the original production.
In 2013, Disney made the strategic decision to turn LucasArts into a publisher-only of video games, and licensing out its intellectual property.
Tim Schafer, who had also long been eager to revisit and re-release the game and make it available to new platforms and to new generations, seized the opportunity and was able to acquire the rights to the game, in partnership with Sony.
He believed that while the original jazz music came out well, the orchestral part, done with 1997-era digital samples and a limited budget, did not fully match his vision.
Rob Cowles, a marketer at LucasArts was credited for saving the assets while LucasArts was being acquired by Disney in 2012.
McConnell remarked how their retrieval was a technical feat requiring specialized hardware and expertise Jory Prum (who then did the sound mixing for the orchestral pieces) spent two months recovering the data, with the use of DLT drive, an old Mac with a SCSI drive, and an old piece of software called Retrospect Remote.
The fact that McConnell was able to open a Pro Tools session from 1997 on a new version of Pro Tools also proved key in being able to use the files.
Except for the anecdotal disappearance of two cymbal hits, this process succeeded in recovering all the data of the three-hour score.
Given the unique opportunity to re-visit a project first developed 17 years earlier in his career, McConnell was asked how different would the soundtrack be if he had developed it from scratch at the time of remastering.
To stay within the budget, McConnell felt he had to choose carefully which pieces would get the most attention and how.
After the original Pro Tools sound files were recovered, he found that some of the digital samples he had used originally did not sound good, and the team opted to re-mix, re-sample, add additional tracks, and re-orchestrate different parts of the score.
The involvement of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) in the orchestration of the Grim Fandango soundtrack grew out of several prior collaborations that McConnell had had with the orchestra.
McConnell praised MSO, for their outstanding level of musicianship and focus and care; how they worked well together and reinforced yet again his notion from his early days in LucasArts that having a great team was of the highest value.
During the original production of the score, McConnell had never imaged that it would one day be re-recorded with a live orchestra.
That meant that his composition was unconstrained by considerations of flow and changes of tempo that a real orchestra would have to contend with.
Rather, in order to make it sound more lively during the original digital production, McConnell had intentionally incorporated many tempo changes.
While it would have been possible to do live recordings of full songs with big tempo changes, it would have required an intensive rehearsal, meaning more time and costs.
So when the opportunity came to re-record with the MSO, McConnell tried to save time by planning the recording by breaking cues into smaller segments, recording those one at a time, and then put them back together like a puzzle.
Pyramind studios composers Clint Bajakian and Jeremy Garren imported McConnell's original audio mixes into Cubase 7 along with MIDI tracks that were assigned to modern sample libraries residing on two slave PCs running Vienna Ensemble Pro loaded with leading sample libraries.
Bajakian also added live classical guitar parts that were not covered in 1998 using the same instrument he played back then.
The team faced the challenge to adjust MIDI parameters to maximize realism and sonic quality while preserving McConnell's original artistic intent.
McConnell estimated that he put in himself about 800 hours into the remastering project, in arranging, sample replacement, preparing for orchestration, mixing, and reviewing the music, resulting in over 2 hours of music that was completely overhauled, in addition to the 45 minutes of music the team had already recorded live in the original version.
It had a standard release of 37 tracks, as well as a Director's Cut with 14 extra tracks (the latter sold exclusively through Sumthing Else).
It included the original score from the LucasArts archives, new compositions by Peter McConnell and new orchestral arrangements, as well as new extended versions of jazz pieces re-mixed at Sony Computer Entertainment America.
In 2019, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the original release of the game, the soundtrack was released for the first time in vinyl format.
Later the same year, an evening gala was organized in tribute of the soundtrack during the inaugural edition of the Game Music Festival in the National Forum of Music of Poland.
Parts of the score was performed live, with a 100 pages of musical arrangements prepared by Bartosz Pernal in cooperation with McConnell, who attended and performed in the event.
The project cemented a close working relationship between Schafer and McConnell that continued for decades after their work together at LucasArts.
This was accomplished with the use of the pioneering iMUSE software, previously created by McConnell and Michael Land, and it heralded the age of dynamic and cinematic music experiences in video games.
She first competed at the 2005 African Junior Athletics Championships where she won the bronze medal in the women's 10 kilometres walk event.
In 2009 she competed in the African Race Walking Championships where she won the silver medal in the women's 20 kilometres walk.
She won a medal at the Arab Athletics Championships in the women's 10 kilometres walk on several occasions: she won the gold medal in 2013 and the silver medal both in 2009 and in 2015.
For more than half a century after the Second World War, he worked on the grounds, restorations and with the Ottoman archives in Sofia, Istanbul and Ankara.
After graduating from technical college in 1929, he worked in the designer's office and at the Odessa Industrial Institute/Odessa Polytechnic Institute, then at the Moscow design office.
He constructed, among others MP-6 cannon, and during the war with Nazi Germany a NS-37 cannon (together with A. Suranov), which was later installed on board LaGG-3, Yak-7B and Yak-9T military aircraft.
In 1943 he became the head and main constructor of the Experimental Design Bureau-16 (OKB-16), which he remained until 1987; in 1944, again with A. Suranov, he constructed a NS-23 cannon.
He completed his Oriental studies at Cambridge University, where he defended his doctorate on „The Ottoman Fleet in the Age of Sultan Suleiman I (1520-1566)”.
His research interest is focused on the history of the Ottoman Empire until the 17th century and on Islamic law, in particular on the system of Ottoman law, until the 17th century.
Ella Daish is a British environmental activist campaigning to persuade companies and governments to remove plastics from women's menstrual hygiene products.
The BBC put Daish on its 100 Women of 2019 annual list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world.
In December 2018 Daish launched the Eco Period Box campaign to address period poverty, donating plastic-free and reusable period products around the UK.
In 2019 she helped persuade Caerphilly County Borough Council to spend all of its grant money for providing free sanitary products to schools, on eco-friendly products.
Its date of construction is unknown but is likely between the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century.
4 Rua Ana Nery is located on a street that connects Praça da Aclamação, the main public square of Cachoeira, with Praça Doutor Aristides Milton.
2, which is has two stories and covers , and has a privileged position at the corner of the public square and Rua Ana Nery.
4 Rua Ana Nery was built in the 18th century after the development of the city center around Praça da Aclamação.
Similar structures in Bahia serve as both a residence and small store at front with an attic to store goods above to protect from flooding.
The façade has a single door to the left, a square sash window window the right, and two small square windows above.
4 Rua Ana Nery was listed as a protected historic site by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1941 under inscription number 246.
- Cost of the instrument: a high capital cost of a DNA sequencing instrument increases the amortisation time over its lifetime and thus increases the cost per base.
While it is the third-largest mayonnaise brand in the United States (behind Hellmann's and Kraft), its popularity was at first largely limited to the South.
In August 1917, she and her daughter Martha began selling sandwiches at YMCA-run Army canteens to help make money for her family.
Due to requests from soldiers at nearby Camp Sevier (a National Guard Training Camp) and other customers (she had quickly expanded the places where she sold her sandwiches), she started bottling her mayonnaise around 1923.
She was active in working towards passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote.
Kling was born on June 15, 1833 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the third of nine children born to Micheal and Elizabeth Kling.
Kling took a job as a clerk in Bain's Hardware store and soon saved up enough money to buy the store.
At the dawn of the U.S. Civil War, Kling was a solid Republican, not because of opposition to slavery but rather because it was better for business.
He was on the boards of the Marion Telephone Company, the Marion National Bank, and the Columbus and Toledo Railroad, as well as owning a share in the Marion Hotel.
He had Florence learn business skills by having her do accounting at the hardware store at a young age and ensured she received a good education.
His commitments to civic endeavors were calculated to bring him in more money, and he did not provide money for local efforts without having a controlling voice.
He expanded his influence by joining the local agricultural society and becoming its president, becoming a member of the school board, and overseeing the construction of the new courthouse and opera house.
After the divorce, Kling and his wife raised the boy while Florence was free to make a living as a piano teacher.
When Kling found out that his daughter was dating a young newspaper publisher named Warren Harding in 1886, he was furious.
Harding had previously been critical of Kling's dealings with the government, but what most infuriated Kling was a rumour that Harding had partial black ancestry.
Despite threatening to shoot the young man at the courthouse and ruin his newspaper, Kling could not stop his daughter from marrying Harding on July 8, 1891.
When Harding ran for state senate in 1899, Kling unsurprisingly opposed him, spreading the black ancestry myth and attempting to get his friend Mark Hanna involved, ultimately to no avail as Harding won the election.
Kling gradually warmed somewhat to his son-in-law, writing him a letter apologizing for past malice and inviting the Harding couple on European vacations.
Florence was having her own kidney troubles at the time so Harding visited the old man, who was optimistic about recovery.
Despite their strained relationship, his daughter received $35,000 and valuable real estate in the will, as well as managing a trust fund for Vetallis.
He additionally granted $25,000 to his three grandchildren apiece, $5,000 to brothers George and Donald, and donated $10,000 to the Ladies' Home Association.
Since he still counseled Warren against engaging in politics, Kling's death ultimately paved the way for Harding's political rise, first to U.S.
In the late twenties, Walter Benjamin began to collect material and ideas for a history of the emergence of urban commodity capitalism in Paris around 1850 (this study eventually evolved into The Arcades Project).
The construction of the Arcades in the earlier half of the 19th century is described as well as attendant innovations (eg.
The new methods requisite for the construction of the arcades grow out of the innovation of pre-fabricated iron-rails for the new rail transportation system which is beginning to be built around the world at this time.
Daguerre begins as a panorama painter, a genre of painting whose climax coincides with the appearance of the arcades (which would often be decorated with panoramic paintings).
Here Benjamin examines the way in which the World Exhibitions (preceded by National Industrial Exhibitions) give birth to the entertainment industry and for the first time begin to cultivate workers as consumers, providing a foundation for the transformation of the world and its contents into commodities.
Originally an eighteenth-century illusionistic optical device by which shadows of moving figures were projected onto a way or screen, phantasmagoria, as Benjamin uses the term to evoke the network of commodities when they function within extensive networks, suppressing human rational capacities and appealing instead to the emotions, much as a religious fetish appeals to and organizes a religious belief structure.
Tuomas Turriago studied piano under the tutelage of Carlos Turriago at the Central Finland Conservatory and Erik T. Tawaststjerna at the Sibelius Academy.
He has conducted the Vaasa, Seinäjoki and Mikkeli City Orchestras, and TampereRaw, Tampere Chamber Orchestra and the Brass Band of the Tampere Philharmonic.
He has recorded for Alba Records and Pilfink Records, including an LP in collaboration with trumpeter Jouko Harjanne featuring trumpet sonatas by Harri Wessman, Lasse Eerola, Arttu Sipilä and Turriago.
He subsequently gew up in Koglai and developed a close relationship with the Australian authorities, carrying milk from the Catholic mission at Mingende to the government compound at Kundiawa.
Encouraged by Australian officials, he built the first house in the area in 1959, as well as building a community hall and overseeing the development of coffee farming.
He contested the Highlands seat in the 1961 elections, and was elected to the Legislative Council, where he demanded more development of the Highlands.
In the first elections with universal suffrage in 1964 he contested the Chimbu seat, but finished third, losing to Waiye Siune.
However, he continued as a member of the Eastern Highlands District Advisory Council, and became chairman of the Kundiawa Coffee Society, the largest co-operative society in the territory.
He was killed in a road accident on the Daulo Pass in the Eastern Highlands in August 1966, and was buried at Wandi.
The headquarters of Chimbu Province were named after him in 1982, with a high school in Wandi named after him in 2012.
She has been included in the 2018 Berlin Biennale, the 2013 Istanbul Biennial, the 2012 New Museum Triennial, the 2015 Sharjah Biennial, and the 2017 Venice Biennale.
The men's +90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 18 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
When the elder Nickerson died as one of the richest men in Boston, Albert Nickerson inherited several million dollars and was made a director of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and the Mexican Central Railway.
He was married twice, and his second wife, a Miss Lindsay, survived him, as did five children, a brother and a sister.
After he inherited his father's stock in 1880, he joined the boards of both the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and the Mexican Central Railway and held them until his death.
Nickerson lived in Jamaica Plain until 1878 when he purchased the home of a failed Dedham lawyer, Edward S. Rand, near Connecticut Corner in Dedham.
Four years after moving to Dedham, he wanted to build a new house on the highest point of land along Common Street.
Partially as a result of these two setbacks, Nickerson sold the house to his brother George and he moved to an estate on Buzzards Bay in Marion, Massachusetts.
In 1886, he commission the architectural firm of Henry Hobson Richardson to build him a castle on the estate and hired Frederick Law Olmsted's firm to do the landscaping.
Olmsted determined the exact spot upon a hill for the home, laid out the roads on the property and changed the direction of the road rather than cut down a favored tree.
He was a member of Dedham's St. Paul's Episcopal Church, but donated $10,000 towards the construction costs of St. Mary's Church, a Catholic church in Dedham.
His funeral at St. Paul's Church attracted a large number of mourners, and special trains were run from Boston to accommodate them all.
The Panic of 1893 greatly reduced his fortune, and his family was forced to sell off his 60,000 shares in the Atchison railroad to hold onto their property.
In 1897, he joined the Steam Engine Makers' Society, and he became increasingly prominent in the union, being elected as its assistant general secretary in 1912.
He also served on the Joint Industrial Councils for Engineering, Shipbuilding, and Electricity, on the National Railway Shopmen's Council, and a Home Office committee on crane safety.
St. Michael's Church is a freestanding gable-fronted Roman Catholic church built of limestone with pitched slate roofs with cut-stone eaves courses.
The front elevation of the side-aisle of the ground floor of the tower has cinquefoil-headed double-light window openings with under carved hood-mouldings.
The church interior has a tiled porch and a pointed chancel arch with an organ gallery to the north end of the church.
Tom J. Anderson (born Ahmad Rezaee Mirghaed (), 1975/1976) was a businessman and the eldest son of Iranian Major General Mohsen Rezaee.
He defected to the Embassy of the United States, Vienna in 1998, which led to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) bringing him to New York City and granting him political asylum.
He then had several interviews with Voice of America, BBC and Radio Israel, voicing his opposition with the Iranian government and activities of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps abroad.
He married daughter of his father's close friend when he was 19 and studied mathematics at a teacher training college in Tehran, but the couple soon separated.
According to Kenneth R. Timmerman, he had a daughter who was 7 years old and lived in California as of 2011.
On 12 November 2011, his body was found dead on the floor of room 23 on the 18th floor of Gloria Hotel, located in Dubai Media City.
An alumni of the Ecole Polytechnique of Thiès, she was the Minister of Energy from 2013 to 2015 and the Minister of Tourism and Air Transport from 2015 to 2017, before she became the Minister of Air Transport and Airport Facilities Development in September 2017.
In 2013, she joined the Touré Government as the Minister of Energy, before she became the Minister of Energy and Sustainable Energy Development within the First Dionne Government in 2014.
Following to the 2015 cabinet reshuffle, Seck became Minister of Tourism and Air Transport with the aim of re-organising a sector in difficulty notably due to the difficulties of Senegal Airlines.
At senior level, she played the 2013 International Women's Football Tournament of Brasília, the 2014 South American Games and the 2014 Copa América Femenina.
Haicheng was elevated to county status on 17 January 1567 during the Ming Dynasty, and was the site of Yuegang (Moon Harbor), a major seaport handling the majority of maritime trade with Southeast Asia.
He served on the Parliamentary Committee of the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) for many years, convening it from 1908 until 1921, and serving as president of the STUC in 1910.
He also became secretary of the Scottish Council of Textile Trade Unions, and represented it on the council of the National Association of Unions in the Textile Trade.
He remained a high-profile trade unionist, and in 1937 the government appointed him as a representative to a conference on the textile industry held in Washington DC.
He died in 1938, while attending the annual conference of the National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers, the successor of the NUTW.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
In 1937, she and her father emigrated to the United States, where she attended Beverly Hills High School, graduating in 1940.
Stewart's Broadway debut came on October 23, 1944, when she replaced Annabella in Elia Kazan's production of Jacobowsky and the Colonel, opposite Oscar Karlweis and Louis Calhern.
Stewart was married to her erstwhile leading man, Louis Calhern, from 1946 to 1955, and later to Wilbur George Dirksing until her death.
The 2019 South American Footballer of the Year award (Spanish: Rey del Fútbol de América), given to the best football player in South America by Uruguayan newspaper El País through voting by journalists across the continent, was awarded to Brazilian striker Gabriel Barbosa of Flamengo on December 31, 2019.
In 2018, Kidwai was awarded the Iqbal Samman by the Government of Madhya Pradesh for his service to promotion of Urdu literature.
He is a bilingual critic and communication expert and his fortnightly column on literature, Culture and media Going Native apperas in the Friday Review,The Hindu.
He is the chief editor of Aligarh Journal of Communication and he is on the editorial board of several peer reviewed communicational journal including reaserch journal jointly published by University of Purdue and Kollkata.
The 2023 AFC U-17 Championship will be the 1st edition of the AFC U-17 Championship, the biennial international youth football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for the men's under-17 national teams of Asia.
This edition will be the first to be played as an under-17 tournament, as the AFC have proposed switching the tournament from under-16 to under-17 starting from 2023.
Awa Diop (born 1 May 1948 in Rufisque) is a Senegalese politician and an early militant of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS).
Trained as a stenographer, Diop first worked as a secretary at the town hall of Rufisque, then at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar.
On 2 February 1975, she joined the Democratic Party of Senegal (PDS) –founded in 1974– upon Abdoulaye Wade's visit to her native town.
She was appointed as a deputy minister to the Prime Minister on 16 October 2006 and kept that position during the 27 February 2007 government reshuffle.
The facility has its origins in the Petersfield Cottage Hospital which was established in Swan Street at the initiative of Dr. Albert Warren Leachman with five beds in April 1871.
The hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948, but after it becoming dilapidated, it was replaced by a modern community hospital in 1992.
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) placed seven species in the genus, although recognizing that the genus was then not monophyletic, since the New and Old World species belonged in different clades.
Saddler earned her Bachelor of Arts from Wellesley College in 1976, and her Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1979.
In 1984, she joined the District of Columbia Office of Bar Counsel as an Assistant Bar Counsel where she investigated complaints of attorney misconduct.
From 1991 to September 2003, Saddler served a Magistrate Judge (formerly known as Hearing Commissioner) of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
On June 11, 2002, President George W. Bush nominated Saddler to be an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President George W. Bush renominated her on January 7, 2003, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Patricia A. Wynn.
On April 30, 2018, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Trump reappoint her to second 15-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
Franco Danilo Güity Félix (born 5 December 1987) is a Honduran footballer who plays as an Forward for Al-Nojoom in the MS League.
This list of LGBT-related awards is an index to articles on notable awards related to LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) media, competitions, film and literature.
Alliance Bible Seminary (Abbreviation: ABS; ), previously called as Alliance Bible School, was established in Wuzhou, Guangxi in 1899 by C&MA missionaries Dr Robert Glover and Robert A. Jaffray.
In 1949, the seminary was moved to Cheung Chau, Hong Kong by Rev Dr William C. Newbern due to the change of religious policy in China.
In 1899, Robert Glover, the first principal of ABS, together with Robert A. Jaffray, Alvin Field, and Walter H. Oldfield, established Alliance Bible School in Wuzhou, Guangxi.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Alliance Bible College was closed for a year and moved to Cheung Chau, Hong Kong.
In 1975, Christian and Missionary Alliance Church Union Hong Kong took over the management of the seminary from the C&MA west missionary agency.
In 2005, ABS opened its second campus in Wanchai to promote pastoral and professional continuing education, as well as a lay leadership training programme.
There are 15 buildings in the campus, including Jaffray Memorial Hall (Library annex), Evans Hall (Student centre), Eva Newbern Hall (Canteen and student dormitory), Siu Yee Hall (Administration office), Wu Mo Tak Memorial Library, Chong Hon Lok Memorial Hall (Lecture hall and dormitory), Au Shue Hung Memorial Chapel as well as other dormitories.
Sumiko Takahara (June 16, 1933 Tokyo, died August 19, 2001) was an economist, Japanese Ambassador (to Finland, 1995-1998), chief of the now-defunct Economic Planning Agency, and the first female president of Japanese baseball’s Central League (March 1998 - December 2000).
Takahara was the Economic Planning Agrncy (EPA) chief under Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu between August 1989 and February 1990, becoming the sixth woman and the first female nonpolitician in history to join the Cabinet.
She was originally intended for sale, but an embargo on sales, due to the concurrent American Civil War and fear of the vessel joining the Confederate States Navy, prevented any sales.
Die Kathedrale (English: The Cathedral) is a 1991 German text adventure game developed by and published by Software 2000 for the Amiga and DOS.
The trilogy lacks an overarching plot, and in each entry the setting, role of the protagonist, and goal differ between each game.
The protagonist takes a tour through St. Pauls Kathedrale in the fictional town of Schönau, which is celebrating its 850th anniversary, and in addendum it is the 666th anniversary of the cathedral.
They explore the cathedral and discover letters written by Bernardo da Molina, Victor Paz's assistant, dating back to the 15th century.
The letters suggest that Victor Paz, the architect of the cathedral, hid fifteen deadly traps in the cathedral to enact revenge on the Catholic Church as a whole, but also specifically against the Bishop Sebastian of Altenburg who murdered one of Paz’s relatives under the Inquisition.
It is also later revealed that Paz is the half brother of Jan Hus, a historical figure who was burned at the stake for heresy.
The protagonist must visit three different years in time, and disarm five of the traps in each era; the three years being 1992, 1881 and 1437.
If the protagonist fails to disarm all fifteen traps before the 56 hour time limit, a demon is summoned and kills them, as part of Paz's revenge on the Catholic Church.
Key phrases/topics in dialogue can be clicked to ask characters for further information, or interact with objects, i.e an object can be inspected or the player may ask Dani for her input on a particular subject.
Harald expressed to Elfi that 'he could imagine secrets that the cathedral might hold' and Elfi encouraged him to write about it.
There are a few issues that come to light after one or two months of testing: there are mistakes in the text, e.g.
He served in the George W. Bush administration in various capacities, including in Iraq, and was the Executive Director of the New York Republican Party from 2009–2011.
From 1997–2000, Basile served in Governor George Pataki's administration as Public Relations Director for the New York State Office of Parks Recreation and Historic Preservation.
Basile worked on the 2000 Bush–Cheney presidential campaign and was a consultant to the Republican National Committee during the 2004 Presidential election.
In the George W. Bush administration, Basile served as Director of Communications for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Christine Todd Whitman.
In 2018, Basile unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the New York State Senate to represent the 39th district, defeated by Democrat James Skoufis.
In the book, he relates his firsthand experiences in Baghdad during the Iraq War and criticizes the media for biased coverage.
While he defends the Bush administration's decision to launch the war, he is critical of the communications strategy to defend the policy.
She was a State Minister, the Minister of Local Authorities and Devolution, also a deputy to the National Assembly and mayor of Diourbel.
However, in 2007, she refused her nomination as the deputy chairwoman of the National Assembly and did not join the government of Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré.
In October 2009, she became the General Secretary of the Presidency of the Republic of Senegal, succeeding Abdoulaye Baldé who was appointed Minister of Armed Forces.
Ehsas enrolled as a PhD student at the University of Hyderabad in 1979, as part of the first batch of scholars at the newly formed Department of Urdu.
Ehsas is a short-story writer whose work is mainly concerned with chronicling the life of his native Hyderabad and its composite multilingual, multi-religious culture.
The last work, centered around the lives of people living near a Parsi cemetery in Secunderabad, won the 2017 Sahitya Akademi Award for Urdu.
Ratna Manikya I (d. 1487), also known as Ratna Fa, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1462 to the late 1480s.
Though he had gained the throne by overthrowing his predecessor, Ratna's reign was notable for the peace and prosperity it had entailed in the region.
He extensively reformed and modernised the government and closely allied it with neighbouring Bengal, resulting in a lasting cultural influence in Tripura.
Traditional accounts state that Ratna was the youngest of the eighteen sons of his father, who is named as Dangar Fa (presumably Dharma Manikya).
According to legend, Ratna (then known as Ratna Fa) had proven himself to be the worthiest for the throne out of his brothers by passing a test set by their father.
The King supposedly had a table set for dinner for the princes, but just as they were about to start eating, thirty hungry dogs were released into the room, despoiling their food.
These actions may have been done to preempt a potential fratricidal war among his sons over the succession, as well as out of a potential fear that Ratna would dominate his brothers in such a conflict.
Through his charisma and intelligence, he is said to have gained the affection of the Sultan of Bengal (who chronological evidence identifies as being Rukunuddin Barbak Shah).
Upon his ascension to the throne, Ratna began an extensive administrative reform of his new kingdom, modelling the changes on his observations of the government of Bengal.
The previously unproductive feudal system was reorganised and the government became more complex, with greater numbers of civil servants being employed to maintain it.
The Bengali and Persian languages were introduced into the administration in light of the closer ties to Bengal and resources were delegated to the improvement of agriculture.
Particularly influential were Ratna's experiences with Bengali Hindus, which resulted in him requesting Barbak Shah to send some to live in Tripura.
These were professionals, cultivators and artisans employed to bring the administrative and economic state of Tripura in-line with that of Bengal.
Two members of the latter group, Khandava Ghosha and Pandita Raja, rose to become respected members of Ratna's council of ministers on account of their merit.
This Bengali influence was further felt in the currency, with Ratna being the first monarch to mint coins, mimicking the weight and fabric of those struck by the Sultans of Bengal, whilst also providing evidence of the religious conditions at the time.
All of this indicates that Ratna patronised all sects equally and, alongside records of his charitable deeds (Dāna), show his attempt to adhere to the ideal of a Hindu ruler as advised in the Puranas and Smriti.
Though his rule had laid a stable foundation for his dynasty, his death precipitated a period of confusion and anarchy, with army leaders gaining considerable influence.
It has been argued that by enlisting the aid of Bengal in his bid for the throne, he had opened the floodgates for future incursions by the neighbouring state.
His costly gifts to Barbak Shah had revealed the wealth of Tripura to the foreign court, possibly tempting them towards invasion.
This may be shown by the multiple raids of Alauddin Husain Shah in the following decades, as well as subsequent assults in the 17th century.
The Mortier de 75 modèle 1915 Schneider was a French trench mortar designed and built by Schneider that saw action with the French and Belgian Army during the First World War.
The majority of military planners before the First World War were wedded to the concept of fighting an offensive war of rapid maneuver which in a time before mechanization meant a focus on cavalry and light horse artillery firing shrapnel shells at formations of troops in the open.
However, the theorists hadn't foreseen that trenches, barbed wire, and machine guns would rob them of the mobility and as the Western Front stagnated into trench warfare the light field guns that the combatants went to war with began to show their limitations when facing an enemy who was now dug into prepared positions.
The problem facing the combatants was that their light field guns were designed for direct fire and only had limited angles of elevation and weren't capable of providing indirect fire or the interdiction fire needed to deal with enemy troops in dug-in positions.
The simple expedient was to elevate the guns by having them fire from pits but the weight and size of the guns were excessive for the task at hand since pack animals couldn't move the guns in the trenches or across the quagmire of no man's land.
The Mortier de 75 modèle 1915 was a short-barrelled, breech loaded, rifled mortar with a horizontal sliding-block that fired separate loading cased charges and projectiles.
The barrel was of autofretted monoblock construction which was trunnioned while the sliding-block breech bore no relation to the Nordenfelt eccentric screw breech used by the mle 1897.
The projectiles came from the ubiquitous Canon de 75 modèle 1897 while the casing was a shortened mle 1897 casing which could hold three propellant charges and be reused up to 50 times.
Due to its low velocity and soft recoil the mle 1915 could use large stocks of defective shells with unstable explosives that were produced during the war.
The barrel pivoted at the front of the base and could be traversed by a wooden handle at the rear while levers near the trunnion controlled elevation.
For transport, the mortar could be placed on a two-wheeled wooden cart with two wooden handles and pulled by a team of 5 men or it would be broken down into 14 pieces and carried by soldiers to the front line trenches.
Beginning in September of 1915 regiments of the French and Belgian army was equipped with the mle 1915 and it can be considered a rough equivalent of the 7.58 cm Minenwerfer of the German Army.
However, it was found that despite being able to provide high-angle fire its light shell was little more effective than if it was fired by the Canon de 75 modèle 1897.
The shells lacked the explosive power needed to get at troops in reinforced bunkers and they did not have enough explosive power to destroy trenches.
While the British Stokes mortar could deliver a projectile it had a better rate of fire and only weighed versus the for the mle 1915.
She has been a member of the Bundestag since 2009 and has been deputy chairperson of the Die Linke parliamentary group in the Bundestag since 2017.
In November 2019, Lay unsuccessfully applied to succeed Sahra Wagenknecht as co-chairperson of the Die Linke parliamentary group in the Bundestag.
After graduating from high school in Andernach, she studied sociology with a focus on political science and women's studies at the Philipps-Universität Marburg and the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, as well as in Pennsylvania.
After graduating with a degree in sociology, she first worked as a lecturer at the Free University of Berlin from 1999 to 2000, and as a parliamentary-scientific advisor in the PDS faction of the Landtag of Saxony in Dresden from 2000 to 2003.
She then moved to the Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture as a speechwriter for Renate Künast, the Federal Minister responsible at the time.
Lay was a member of the Landtag of Saxony from 2004 to 2009, deputy leader of the Left Party, and spokesperson for labor market policy.
In addition, she was a member of the board there, a member of the Committee on Economic Affairs, Labour and Transport, as well as Chairwoman of the 2nd Committee of Inquiry into the Corruption Affair and Chairwoman of the 1st Commission of Enquiry on Demographic Development.
Since January 2016, Lay has been spokesperson for rent, construction and housing policy for the parliamentary group Die Linke in the Bundestag.
In March 2014, the Bundestag lifted her immunity so that the Dresden public prosecutor's office could continue to investigate against her; Lay had participated in a obstructing a Nazi demonstration in Dresden in 2011.
Lay and her parliamentary group colleague Michael Leutert, who was also affected, rejected criminal prosecution as unlawful, citing an expert opinion of the Bundestag's Scientific Service, according to which the Saxon Assembly Act was not valid at the time of the crime due to a formal error and the Federal Act was not applicable to the demonstrators.
On 12 February 2015, the Dresden public prosecutor's office discontinued the proceedings without conditions or payments on the grounds that the guilt appeared to be slight.
On 12 November 2019, Lay unsuccessfully applied to succeed Sahra Wagenknecht as Co-Chairwoman of the Left Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag.
When the party executive committee was re-elected in June 2018, she decided not to run for office again, stating that she wanted to concentrate on her work as deputy parliamentary party leader in the Bundestag.
At the Federal Congress in April 2008, she was elected one of the Forum's three speakers, along with Stefan Liebich and Inga Nitz.
Caren Lay is a member of the trade union ver.di, the German Tenants' Association, the nature conservation association BUND, the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, the VVN-BdA, Attac, the Rent and Living Network, and the German Alpine Club.
Caren Lay is active in housing policy and has been the spokesperson for rent, construction and housing policy of the Die Linke parliamentary group in the Bundestag since 2016.
For a long time, she also advocated an amendment to the Basic Law that would allow the federal government to continue to provide the Länder with money for social housing even after the funds for unbundling from Federalism Reform I had expired.
In this context, she participated in the protests against the Federal Government's Housing Summit and the Alternative Housing Summit in September 2018.
Lay advocates the reintroduction of the housing public benefit, so that developers who are oriented towards the common good can receive tax breaks with investment subsidies if they build affordable rented apartments for this purpose on a permanent basis.
In 2011 she initiated the Left Party's Clara Zetkin Women's Prize as Federal Executive Director, which honors projects that aim to improve women's living conditions and gender equality.
In December 2017, the planned awarding of a prize to Ken Jebsen in Berlin's Babylon cinema caused controversy within the Left Party.
A rally was announced in front of the federal office, where former Left Party politician Wolfgang Gehrcke also announced his participation.
Their main battery consisted of eight guns in four twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the remaining turrets positioned between the funnels and the torpedo tube mounts amidships.
Their main battery consisted of eight guns in four twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the remaining turrets positioned between the funnels and the torpedo tube mounts amidships.
These are the squads for the national teams participated in the III World Cup of Masters held in Austria, in the summer of 1995.
Leone was the lead ship of her class of three destroyers built for the (Royal Italian Navy) in the early 1920s.
Their main battery consisted of eight guns in four twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the remaining turrets positioned between the funnels and the torpedo tube mounts amidships.
Puffer is an American over-the-top internet television service that focuses primarily on channels, CBS (KPIX 5), NBC (KNTV 11), ABC (KGO 7), Fox (KTVU 2), PBS (KQED 9), and The CW (KBCW 44).
Launched on January 18, 2019, as a streaming service, the Puffer project is led by Francis Yan, a doctoral student in computer science at Stanford University, along with Hudson Ayers and Sadjad Fouladi (also Stanford) and Chenzhi Zhu from Tsinghua University.
Puffer was launched on January 18, 2019 by Francis Y. Yan, Hudson Ayers, Chenzhi Zhu, Sadjad Fouladi, James Hong, Keyi Zhang, Philip Levis, and Keith Winstein of the Stanford University research.
It is a research study about using machine learning to improve video-streaming algorithms: the kind of algorithms used by services such as YouTube, Netflix, and Twitch.
They are trying to figure out how to teach a computer to design new algorithms that reduce glitches and stalls in streaming video (especially over wireless networks and those with limited capacities, such as in rural areas), improve picture quality, and predict how the capacity of an Internet connection will change over time.
It is located an estimated 170 million light years from the Milky Way, and is a member of Hickson Compact Group 10.
Amir hossein Rostami played in the series ‘The Last Game’ (2014) , ‘Pejman’ (2013) , Chimney’ (2013) , ‘The Daughters of Eve’ (2012), ‘The Man of a Thousand Faces’ (2007), ‘Code White’ (2009), ‘Bread and Basil’ (2010), and ‘A Piece of Land’ (2012).
Champagne and Baloney: The Rise and Fall of Finley's A's is a nonfiction book by poet Tom Clark, published in 1976.
It chronicles the ups and downs of Charles O. Finley's Oakland Athletics, who won three World Series, in 1972, 1973, and 1974, before falling apart.
The 4th Army of the Yugoslav Partisans was a Partisan army that operated in Yugoslavia during the last months of the Second World War.
The Army was created on 1 March 1945, when Chief Commander Marshal Josip Broz Tito converted the underground National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia in the more regular Yugoslav Army.
As commander was named General lieutenant Petar Drapšin, as Political Commissioner Colonel Boško Šiljegović, and as Chief of staff, Colonel Pavle Jakšić.
The Army was formed from the divisions of the 7th Corps (14th and 18th), 8th Corps (9th, 19th, 20th and 26th Dalmatian), 11th Corps (13th, 35th and 43rd) and later also the 9th Corps (30th and 31st).
In addition the 4th Army had an Artillery, 1st Tank, Engineer and Replacement Brigade, a Motorized Artillery Battalion and a liaison regiment.
Three major operations were carried out in the Liberation of Yugoslavia: the Lika-Primorje operation (March 20 – 15 April 1945), the Rijeka operation (April 16 – 7 May) and the Trieste operation (April 29 – 3 May).
After the graduation from Vitebsk Arts Tekhnikum in 1932 she earned her living by drawing caricatures for Belarusian magazines and newspapers.
In 1933 she met in Minsk and married artist Nicolay Paskevich When the advancing Nazi German army took Minsk, the family had to flee.
With them they had Ona's sister's baby daughter Birutė (now Birute Zuyovich; who was eventually adopted by Ona's family, because both Ona and her sister, also named Birutė, an actress, thought of each other that they perished, and had reunion only 50 years later).
With the advance of Red Army, fearing the accusations of collaboration, the family tried to flee to Switzerland, but they were placed into the displaced persons camp in the American Zone of Germany in 1944.
The Cal 35 Cruise is an American sailboat that was designed by C. William Lapworth as a cruiser and first built in 1973.
The boat has a raked stem, a plumb transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
The design has a raised saloon top, with the galley on the port side at the foot of teh companionway steps.
The World Athletics Continental Tour is an annual series of elite track and field athletic competitions, recognised by World Athletics (formerly known as the IAAF).
The Tour forms the second tier of international one-day meetings after the Diamond League except in the 200m, 3000m steeplechase, discus, hammer and triple jump, where it forms the top-tier, these events having been removed from the Diamond League from 2020.
Comprising meetings from around the world, the Continental Tour will be divided into three levels – Gold, Silver and Bronze – whose status will be determined by the quality of competition and prize money on offer.
The Gold meetings are organised globally, with investment from World athletics, and represent the second tier of meetings in the sport.
world Athletics investment is intended to increase the number of high quality competitive opportunities available to showcase the sport's best athletes.
Area associations will be responsible for managing the Silver and Bronze level competitions, which will number up to 100 meetings across the globe.
In 2020, the pilot year of the tour, ten cities will host Gold level series meetings, offering a total of $US2 million in prize money.
The series will begin on 10 May in Tokyo in the same stadium that will host athletics competition at the 2020 Olympic Games just 12 weeks later.
A total prize money purse of at least US$ 200,000 will be offered for each Gold meeting as well as World Ranking points.
For the 2020 season's core disciplines - the 200m, 3000m steeplechase, triple jump, discus throw and hammer throw for both men and women - the ranking points will be allotted at the same level as the Diamond League.
Wildcard entry to the World Athletics Championships Oregon 2021, available through the Diamond League for other events, will also be on offer for the best athletes in the five 'core' disciplines in the Continental tour.
A minimum of $20,000 will be available for each of the core events ($6000 for the winner) and $10,000 for each of the discretionary events ($3000 for the winner).
The stream flows to the southwest and enters the Connecticut River just northwest of East Hartford at and an elevation of .
They unsuccessfully tried to prevent Ali Larijani from election to the Speaker, however, managed to unseat Mohammad-Reza Bahonar as deputy speaker in May 2010.
The gun was backed up by seven Cannone da /35 S Modello 1914 guns in single mounts protected by gun shields, one aft the superstructure and the remaining guns positioned on the broadside amidships.
The gun proved to be too heavy for the ships and its rate of fire was too slow so it was replaced when the ships were rearmed with eight Cannone da 102/45 S, A Modello 1917 guns arranged with single guns fore and aft of the superstructure and the other on the broadside.
Iscoe earned his Bachelor of Arts from University of Texas in 1974, his Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1978 and his Master of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center in 1979.
President George W. Bush nominated Iscoe on July 14, 2003, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Frederick D. Dorsey.
On August 29, 2018, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Trump reappoint him to second 15-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
The Mustangs will be led by third year coach Sonny Dykes and play their home games at Gerald J. Ford Stadium in University Park, Texas, a separate city within the city limits of Dallas, as they compete as members of the American Athletic Conference.
Maigret voit rouge (English:Maigret Sees Red) is a 1963 French-Italian crime film directed by Gilles Grangier and starring Jean Gabin, Françoise Fabian and Roland Armontel.
Vatsan was roped in to play the lead role in the film for the first time in his career after producer K. G. Pandian noticed him for his roles in his previous films.
His interest in cricket began when he played as a schoolboy and he later made two appearances in first-class cricket for Nottingham in 1848, with both appearances coming against Sheffield.
Johnson was the honorary secretary of a number of Nottingham based cricket clubs and in 1859 he became the honorary secretary of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club, a post he held for ten years.
Having amassed a large collection of books on cricket during his lifetime, upon his death he left his collection to Richard Daft.
The gun was backed up by seven Cannone da /35 S Modello 1914 guns in single mounts protected by gun shields, one aft the superstructure and the remaining guns positioned on the broadside amidships.
The gun proved to be too heavy for the ships and its rate of fire was too slow so it was replaced when the ships were rearmed with eight Cannone da 102/45 S, A Modello 1917 guns arranged with single guns fore and aft of the superstructure and the other on the broadside.
Georges Mesmin (15 March 1926 – 25 April 2019) was a French politician who served as member of the National Assembly and mayor of the 16th arrondissement of Paris.
Yale finished second in Intercollegiate Hockey Association play but in the two-game series at the end of the year the Elis dominated Brown to claim their third consecutive championship.
The cartography of the region of Palestine, also known as cartography of the Holy Land and cartography of the Land of Israel, is the creation, editing, processing and printing of maps of the region of Palestine from ancient times until the rise of modern surveying techniques.
Their main battery consisted of eight Cannone da /35 S Modello 1914 guns in single mounts protected by gun shields, one each fore and aft of the superstructure on the centerline and the remaining guns positioned on the broadside amidships.
The 76 mm guns were replaced by a pair of 39-caliber Cannone da /39 AA guns in single mounts in 1920–1922.
Amon Martin-Preston (born December 12, 1999), better known by his stage name Zero The Kidd, is an American rapper and songwriter from Boynton Beach, Florida.
Zero The Kidd's music is a blend of hip hop and melodic trap, and the singer has been praised for his wordplay and delivery.
Ruth van Heyningen ( – ) was a British biochemist, recognized for her research on the biochemistry of the lens and of cataracts.
Her father died when she was aged six, and her maternal grandfather, Sir Abraham Garrod Thomas, a doctor involved in local politics, became a major influence in her life.
However, due to the classified nature of her work (it was on the effect of poison gases on metabolically important enzymes, and this was during World War II), she was unable to publish her research and complete her degree.
In 1951, she joined the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology at the University of Oxford, and conducted research in collaboration with laboratory director Antoinette Pirie.
In the laboratory, her research focused on the biochemistry of the lens, in particular the biochemical pathways involved in the formation of cataracts.
Van Heyningen is credited with discovering novel pathways (such as the sorbitol pathway) involved in cataract formation, as well as pioneering novel techniques to identify relevant compounds and their interactions.
For example, by examining the lenses of diabetic and non-diabetic patients (collected post-surgery or post-portem), she demonstrated that monosaccharide sugars accumulate in the lenses of diabetic patients, generating sugar alcohols that are harmful to the lens.
She remained active in her field of research even after her official retirement in the late 1960s, publishing 20 further articles until 1998.
By the 14th century the village was owned by the von Blankenburg family from Bern The village church was first mentioned in 1228.
This brought Kirchenthurnen under Bernese rule and it became the center of the bailiwick of Thurnen, though in the 18th century it moved to Mühlethurnen.
One of the landowners was Anna Seiler, who established a hospital in Bern and in 1354 willed her landholdings to support the hospital.
In 1528 Bern accepted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and forcibly secularized the Abbey and its lands, including Lohnstorf.
Today, agriculture is the major industry in the municipality, though about two-thirds of the work force commute to jobs in surrounding towns and cities.
The first mention of the village is in the 14th century when the von Blankenburg family owned land in it and in neighboring Kirchenthurnen.
In 1901 the Gürbetal railroad built a station in the municipality and connected it to the rest of the Swiss rail network.
Northwestern Improvement Company Store, also known as the NWI Building, is a historic building in Roslyn, Washington, the sole structure remaining from the days of the Roslyn Coal Field.
The Roslyn Miners' Memorial, a statue and plaque engraved with the names of miners who died in the Roslyn coal mines, stands in front of Northwestern Improvement Company Store.
The store was built for the Northwestern Improvement Company, a subsidiary of the Northern Pacific Railroad, which operated coal mines on its holdings on the Roslyn–Cle Elum Ridge.
The Roslyn Downtown Association purchased the building from a developer in 2011 with some funds contributed by the state, and has used the building for its offices, a visitors' center, public events, as well as commercial businesses.
In 2017, Heritage Distilling Company, a majority women-owned, family-operated craft distillery in Gig Harbor, opened a tasting room in the old company store building.
Some notable musicians on this album are Steve Porcaro, Jeff Porcaro, David Hungate and Steve Lukather of Toto, Mike Utley of Jimmy Buffett's Coral Reefer Band, Jay Graydon of Airplay, Davey Johnstone of the Elton John Band, Verdine White of Earth Wind & Fire and Ray Parker Jr.
To some, it's the poor relation, with its disco-pop compromises, its studio wizards (James Newton Howard), its ultra-slick session players and commercial sheen.
The Bostran era (also called the era of Bostra, the Arabian era or provincial era) was a calendar era (year numbering) with an epoch (start date) corresponding to 22March 106AD.
It was the official era of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, introduced to replace dating by regnal years after the Roman annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom.
The Bostran calendar was used in texts of the Nabataean and Palestinian Jewish varietes of Aramaic, in Greek and in Arabic.
Inscriptions from Arabia Petraea which do not specify the era but simply provide a year number are usually in the era of Bostra.
The dating formula and the use of the Bostran era have no special connection to the city beyond the fact that as the seat of the main Roman military base, it was symbolic of the incorporation of Nabataea as a province.
There are only three inscriptions that use the name of the city of Bostra to clarify the year and they are dated to AD265/6, 397/8 and 538/9.
There are also two inscriptions from AD576/7 and 581/2 in the same calendar that specify the year as being that of Elusa.
Zbigniew Fiema suggests that the Crisis of the Third Century, which ultimately resulted in the division of the province of Arabia, caused locals to see their calendar with its base date corresponding to 106 as distinctly associated with different major cities.
The Bostran era may itself be a spontaneous local response to the political changes which rendered the old Nabataean regnal year numbering impossible.
There was no such office and the Roman legate did not sit at Bostra, rather the inscription awkwardly combines the new dating method with the old one of dating by the Nabataean king's regnal year.
There is some uncertainty whether the era of Arabia was ever used outside the province of Arabia (roughly the Transjordan, the Sinai and the Negev) while the Roman administration was still intact.
Some inscriptions have been tentatively identified as dated by the Bostran era in the neighbouring provinces of Syria to the north or Judea to the west.
A Jewish Aramaic document of AD111 from Masada in Judaea written in Hebrew letters may use the era, but David Goodblatt doubts it.
The inscriptions of 397/8 and 538/9 are from Ḥarrān and ʿAmra, respectively, places not incorporated into the empire until the Severan dynasty (193–235).
There are several Christian inscriptions of the late fifth and early sixth centuries in the Arabic script that bear dates in the Arabian era.
Lisa García Bedolla is an American political scientist and scholar of Latino studies, currently the Vice Provost for Graduate Studies and Dean of the Graduate Division at the University of California, Berkeley, and a professor in the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Education.
García Bedolla graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1992 with a BA in Latin American Studies and Comparative Literature.
She then attended Yale University for graduate degrees in political science, obtaining an MA in 1993, an MPhil in 1995, and a PhD in 1999.
García Bedolla was a professor at California State University, Long Beach from 1999 until 2001, when she moved to the University of California, Irvine.
She remained there until 2008, and from 2004-2006 was also affiliated with the Chicano Studies Research Center at the University of California, Los Angeles.
In 2008, she moved to University of California, Berkeley, becoming the Chair of the Center for Latino Policy Research from 2010-2014 and a Chancellor’s Professor in the Graduate School of Education from 2014-2017.
This was reviewed as being one of the first academic works to move beyond simple heuristics or stereotypes about Latino political behaviour and instead develop a complex theoretical framework for understanding Latino politics.
It begins with the history of immigration of each group in the context of how American policies have affected each region, examines the rights and opportunities of each group in the United States, and then traces the evolution of their political activity.
They present 250 randomized experiments, conducted from 2006 to 2008, to understand what works in mobilizing Latino voters, in the context of low rates of voter participation by several minority groups in the United States.
She is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
García Bedolla has written several articles about voter contact and immigration for prominent news publications like The New York Times, and has been frequently cited as an expert in news stories about American politics.
Together with her husband José Luis Bedolla, García Bedolla established and funded the Miguel and Elvira Bedolla Scholarship to support undocumented students at UC Berkeley.
In three chapters and three appendices, it explores their reputation and status around the world, their most famous members and game statistics for their unique abilities.
Set in rural Trinidad, it won the Desmond Elliott Prize and was selected on a 2019 BBC list of 100 'most inspiring' novels.
The 2020 Ole Miss Rebels football team will represent The University of Mississippi in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Rebels will play their home games at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Head coach Matt Luke was fired on December 1, 2019 following an overall three-year record of 15–21 and SEC record of 6–18.
Nikolai Leonidovich Rubinshtein (11 (23) December 1897 - 26 January 1963) was a Russian historian known for his historiographical works and his research into the economic history of Russia and the formation of capitalism in that country.
He was appointed deputy scientific director of the State Historical Museum from in 1943 in which position he served until 1949.
He is best known for his historiographical works and his research into the economic history of Russia and the formation of capitalism in that country.
Bassi re-recorded and released Tarzan Boy as a remix which saw it used in many forms of media including Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Beverley Hills Cop Ninja.
Bassi is said to have been the actual singer of the band but chose McShane to lip sync all the lyrics in the videos.
Dr. Nahid Khazenie is a mechanical engineer who served as President of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society from 1998-1999.
Khazenie completed her undergraduate education at the Michigan Technological University before going on to receive several graduate degrees from the University of Texas at Austin, including a Ph.D. in 1987 for Mechanical Engineering and Operations Research.
Because of her work there, she became a Senior Scientist appointment to the Naval Research Laboratory and then NASA as Earth Science Enterprise Education Programs Manager.
His uncle, through second wife Marjorie, was England and Fulham footballer Johnny Haynes, who helped Green get set up with accommodation when he moved to London to begin his tennis career.
During his career he twice featured in the singles qualifying draw at Wimbledon and as a doubles player reached the third round of the 1987 Wimbledon Championships, with Pieter Aldrich.
Maryse Perreault (born 4 June 1964) is a former Canadian short track speed skater who competed on the Canadian speed skating team from 1981 to 1990.
In the overall World Championships classification, Perreault was the 1982 ladies champion and had a top three placing in 1983, 1986 and 1989.
Outside of the World Championships, Perreault won bronze at the 1988 Winter Olympics in the 3000 metres relay when short track speed skating was a demonstration sport.
Perreault was named to the Speed Skating Canada Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 1992.
At the World Short Track Speed Skating Championships, Perreault won fourteen individual medals from 1982 to 1989, ranging from the 500 metres to 3000 metres events.
Perreault was inducted into the Speed Skating Canada Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 1992.
Ryan earned his Bachelor of Arts from College of William and Mary in 1979 and his Juris Doctor from National Law Center at George Washington University in 1982.
President George W. Bush nominated Ryan on January 21, 2003, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
The newspaper was founded by Italian immigrant Victorio Tetamanti in 1905, its first edition being published on 25 May, the anniversary of the May Revolution.
The paper was instrumental to the election as Mar del Plata's mayor of Jose Heguilor, another member of the comitee, in 1906.
The municipality faced a series of crisis from 1906 to 1911, a period characterized by the collapse of local elected governments and direct rule by commissioners appointed by the province of Buenos Aires senate.
A museum and a library were inaugurated at the premises of the old newspaper's office to celebrate its centennial in 2005.
It has to be said that using this book will add a fair amount of complexity to the game, both in terms of new rules, and new jargon for players and referees to learn.
The ship had been the mass grave of hundreds of migrants when it sank in the Mediterranean Sea during the European migrant crisis.
It had a polarizing effect on viewers and commentators, who saw the work as a despicable stunt or poignant tribute that either trivialized or commemorated the hundreds who died onboard.
Without immediate context, the large boat became a prominent photo op for unsuspecting tourists, who later expressed horror on social media upon learning the ship's history.
Another said, regardless of the artist's intention, the ship's display became a form of cynical commentary on the art world's callousness.
She dedicated her career to the celebration of African Nova Scotian History and recognising the experiences of the Birchtown black loyalists.
Cromwell is best known for establishing the Shelburne County Cultural Awareness Society after a landfill was proposed in her local community.
In 1996 the Black Loyalist Heritage Society secured a national historic site and monument board in Birchtown to recognise the landing of the black loyalists in Canada in 1783.
It developed a heritage walking trail for visitors that encouraged visitors to explore the museum, a burial ground and an early settlement.
Cromwell hired historical researchers to protect the histories of the African Nova Scotians by collecting genealogical information on the black loyalists.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e.
Mark Tweedie (born September 29, 1956) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 13th district from 2015 to 2019.
They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid.
The facility has its origins in the Portsea Island Union Workhouse which was designed by Augustus Livesay and Thomas Ellis Owen and which opened in 1846.
It is also known as the I-35 Rivalry since San Antonio and Dallas lie on Interstate 35, it is one of the three National Basketball Association rivalries between teams from Texas, the others featuring Dallas and San Antonio versus the Houston Rockets.
It features two teams with Dallas roots—the Spurs began their life in the ABA as the Dallas Chaparrals and did not move to San Antonio until 1973.
The teams have met numerous times in the playoffs, with the Spurs defeating the Mavericks in 2001, 2003, 2010, and 2014, while the Mavericks defeated the Spurs in 2006 and 2009.
The Spurs have won five championships and six conference titles, while the Mavericks have won one championship and two conference titles.
The Mavericks, run by a trio of Steve Nash, Michael Finley, and Dirk Nowitzki, had just defeated the Utah Jazz despite not having home court advantage and were only starting to meld into a title contender.
Both the Spurs and the Mavericks had 60-win seasons and reached the Western Conference Finals after defeating the Los Angeles Lakers and the Sacramento Kings, respectively.
The rivalry took on a new meaning in 2005 when, near the end of the regular season, Don Nelson would resign as head coach of the Mavericks, apparently satisfied with the state of the team, and hand the coaching reins to former Spur Avery Johnson, the point guard of the 1999 NBA champion Spurs team who hit the game-winning shot against the New York Knicks.
Since Johnson was coached under Spurs' Head Coach Gregg Popovich, he would be familiar with most, if not all, of Popovich's coaching style and philosophy.
During the 2005 offseason, Michael Finley, waived by the Mavericks under the amnesty clause, joined the Spurs in search for the elusive title.
Though Manu Ginóbili could have made a game-winning basket with five seconds on the clock, he committed an error, allowing the ball to bounce away from him with one second remaining.
In the final seconds of the game, Jason Terry was seen punching former teammate Michael Finley under the belt, leading to his suspension for Game 6.
The Mavericks went on to the Conference Finals where they defeated the Suns in six games, but succumbed to the champion Heat in the NBA Finals.
Despite much anticipation of a renewed meeting in the 2007 Western Conference finals, the Mavericks lost to the Golden State Warriors in one of the greatest upsets in NBA history.
The eighth seed Warriors, who made the playoffs on the last game of the NBA season, defeated the 67-win, first-seed Mavericks in six games.
Many Spurs teammates claimed that the drive to win this season was partially to give Finley his first championship, especially since Finley had lost a bitter-fought series to his longtime team the year previous.
Worth noting in a regular season meeting between the two rivals in April 2007, a game that the Spurs won 91–86, Tim Duncan suffered his first career ejection for supposedly laughing while sitting on the bench.
Joey Crawford, the referee who ejected Duncan, allegedly asked Duncan to a fight which led to the longtime ref's season-ending suspension.
The Spurs and Mavericks split the first two games in San Antonio, but Dallas defeated the Spurs in games 3 and 4, both in Dallas.
The Mavericks then went on to close out the series and eliminated the Spurs at the AT&T Center in San Antonio.
In 2010, the Dallas Mavericks matched up against the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the Western Conference Playoffs.
During the 2011 playoffs, a role reversal of sorts occurred between the two rivals, when the top seeded Spurs were defeated by the eighth seeded Memphis Grizzlies, the first time an eight seed defeated a one seed since the infamous Mavs-Warriors series of 2007.
In addition, the Mavericks defeated the LeBron James-led Miami Heat in the NBA Finals, similar again to how the 2007 Spurs defeated a LeBron James-led Cleveland Cavaliers team in the Finals.
The Mavericks were swept in the 2012–13 season by the Spurs for the first time since the 1998 season, Tim Duncan's rookie season.
In their last match up of the season, San Antonio escaped with a 92–91 victory over Dallas when a Vince Carter 3-point attempt bounced off the rim at the buzzer.
With the win the Spurs clinched a playoff spot for the 16th straight season, currently the longest streak in the NBA.
In addition, an overtime loss to the Memphis Grizzlies on April 16, 2014 ensured that the Mavericks would face the Spurs once again in the 2014 NBA Playoffs, where the Mavs would be the eighth seed and San Antonio the first.
Dallas managed to reach an 81–71 lead in the fourth quarter, but the Spurs rallied back and took Game 1 at home, 85–90.
However, the Mavs managed to force 22 turnovers in Game 2 to rout the Spurs 113–92, splitting the first two games before the series went to Dallas.
In Game 3, Manu Ginóbili managed to hit a shot that put the Spurs up 108–106 with 1.7 left, but a buzzer beater by Vince Carter gave the Mavs the victory, putting them up 2–1 in the series.
Ross earned his Bachelor of Arts from Yale College in 1983 and his Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1986.
He later went to work at the Justice Department as Special Assistant to the Deputy Attorney General and Associate Deputy Attorney General.
President George W. Bush nominated Ross on April 4, 2001, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Henry F. Greene.
As an English given name, Cari is diminutive form of Caroline and an alternate form of Carrie both derived from Karl.
The battle of Motot which occurred near Motot was the end of the campaign and ended the Nuer White Army for several years.
In August 2011, 200 people were injured and more than 300 were killed in Motot and the village of Pieri due to Murle attacks on the Lou Nuer.
During the South Sudanese Civil War, the United Nations World Food Program conducted food airdrops in May 2014 in Motot due to food shortages.
On April 23, 2018, the SPLA-IO claimed government forces attacked its positions in Motot, although the government denied it was in the area.
Motot was part of Jonglei State until the reorganization of states in 2015, in which Motot became part of Eastern Bieh State.
The LA Music Awards is a fee-based awards program originally held in the city of Los Angeles, California to celebrate new artists around the world.
Funding for the award is largely provided by those participating in it, with various retainer and marketing fees in 2014 adding up to over $20,000 per participant for those who go on to the final round.
Additional funding comes from tickets which must be purchased by contestants and then sold by them to would-be audience members for, in 2014, $175 a piece.
The show also chooses to highlight many artists who are well known but who never submitted applications and do not attend the show itself.
His design includes a pylon above the entrance with the building's name, an asymmetrical shape, and brick and stone exterior sections, all characteristic elements of the style.
The auditorium has hosted concerts, dances, political speeches, and public meetings; it was also the headquarters of the Mattoon Association of Commerce for several decades.
Just outside a tent at the circus, a moustachioed man with a pipe strokes a contented Felix; within the same, an elephant chained sleeps.
From a bucket emerges a mouse; curious on seeing the elephant, the creature climbs the great beast's trunk to the top of his head and performs a few pirouettes.
He then slides down the back into the crook of the elephant's tail which springs up, propelling him back to his previous position atop the elephant's head, whereupon the beast awakens, and, turning up a fearful and confused eye, he sees his little tormentor and stiffens in dread such that his trunk and head become a straight slide down to the floor for the mouse.
His back to the beast as he lands, the mouse leaps to an about-face and puts up his fists in readiness for battle.
The gentle giant quivers terribly, sweating bullets and putting up his forepaws in sign of surrender; he struggles to flee, his tremendous weight & strength hindered but a moment by his chain; he hops and flails about, the pest ever in his way.
We cut as he dives forward: a great mass of tent and elephant sends Felix's caretaker flying off his stool and Felix his paws.
within, and the elephant emerges, tearing the tent as he does and running faster than could be imagined past trees and over hills.
Felix brushes aside a flap of the torn tent to find the mouse within, who picks up the bucket and hurls it at the prying feline's face opening first, ejecting and enveloping him.
Quite, quite stuck, Felix whirls about the air several times in his tiny prison, dropping defeated here but regrouping swiftly and sending the bucket flying off.
The question marks of a moment past give way to an exclamation point of indignation, and in rushes Felix again to confront the cretin.
The mouse gives chase about the floor and up the tent pole, thence to the roof and down the pole again; the vermin slips out from under the wall of the tent and spies a garden hose, wherein he hides just as Felix, spotting his prey, emerges.
The cat leaps on a bulge in the hose, thinking for a moment that he has won; but the clever devil slips away, knocking Felix over.
Felix looks over at the spigot, shakes his fist at the lump, and moves to turn on the water when the mouse emerges from the hose and turns the nozzle on Felix, blasting him through the air and into a tree stump, thence onto his behind where he sits wincing at the smart.
He gets up, sees the haughty rodent still atop his perch, then spies a pile of rocks; he hurls one at the mouse, who deftly evades it.
Spying nearby a plank of wood and what seems to be a piece of pipe, Felix shakes his fist again at the mouse and runs off, reemerging a moment later with a pelican, who stands a little way off.
He stops at a hole in a tree to gaze this way and that; a question mark forms over his head, and he leaps atop that in order to look over the horizon.
Ever resourceful, our feline friend gathers the fanciful emission and makes a lasso, hurling it into the hole in the trunk and catching the pachyderm by his; he pulls the beast out and with him marches off.
Morteza Gholamalitabar (; born 23 August 1983) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Defender for Iranian club Shahin Bushehr in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
The 2020 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament will be an international association football tournament held in Colombia from 18 January to 9 February 2020.
The ten national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players; only players in these squads are eligible to take part in the tournament.
On 12 January, it was announced that the squad was reduced to 22 players because midfielder Jonathan Perlaza was not released by his new team Querétaro.
Facundo Mura was added to the squad whilst Lucas Robertone withdrew injured and was replaced by Gastón Togni, moreover, Maximiliano Centurión and Nazareno Colombo were called up to replace Leonel Mosevich and Lautaro Valenti who were not released by their teams Nacional and Lanús respectively.
On 27 December, Douglas Luiz, Gabriel Martinelli, Emerson, Gabriel and Wendel were replaced by Douglas Augusto, Bruno Tabata, Dodô, Nino and Pepê respectively.
Three other changes to the squad were announced on 3 January 2020, Douglas Augusto, Ayrton Lucas and Roger Ibañez were replaced by Maycon, Iago and Bruno Fuchs respectively.
All these modifications were made because the replaced players were not allowed by their teams to take part in the tournament.
On 3 January 2020, Sergio Bareiro was called up to replace Sebastián Ferreira who was not released by his team Monarcas Morelia.
Kumar's first published story was in 1968 or 1969, in the college magazine of Government Arts College, Coimbatore, where he earned a degree in botany.
In 1986, his publisher asked him if he could produce a novel a month; as a result, he became a full-time writer.
Prior to writing full-time, Kumar spent five years teaching, with a degree in education from Ramakrishna Vidyalaya; when he grew bored with this, he worked as a sales representative for an industrial rubber goods company.
Karnak Mountain is a 3,411 meter (11,191 ft) elevation mountain summit located west-southwest of Invermere in the Purcell Mountains of southeast British Columbia, Canada.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Karnak Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Jumbo Mountain, sometimes called Mount Jumbo, is a 3,437 meter (11,276 ft) elevation mountain summit located west-southwest of Invermere in the Purcell Mountains of southeast British Columbia, Canada.
Jumbo and Karnak form a double summit massif which is the second-highest mountain in the Purcells, and fourth-highest in the Columbia Mountains.
The peak was named by Edward Warren Harnden after the 1892 Jumbo Mineral Claim on nearby Toby Creek, which in turn was named for Jumbo the elephant.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Jumbo Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into south into Jumbo Creek which is a tributary of Toby Creek, and meltwater from the Jumbo Glacier on its north slope drains into Horsethief Creek which, like Toby Creek, is also a tributary of the Columbia River.
The hymn was written to reference to the Massacre of the Holy Innocents following the visit of the Biblical Magi to the baby Jesus.
The hymn came about after a United Reformed Church minister approached her and stated that they could not find an appropriate hymn for Epiphany that covered the massacre of the Holy Innocents by King Herod at the end of the Epiphany timeline.
The second verse references -18 where Mary, Joseph and Jesus leave Bethlehem to flee to Egypt and Herod orders the slaughter of the Holy Innocents after realising the Magi have not returned to him.
The verses conclude, saying though a Christian can go through dark times, there will always be the brightness of God at the end.
The FIA World Rally Championship-3 or WRC-3 is a companion rally series to the World Rally Championship, and is driven on the same stages.
Entry into the World Rally Championship-3 is limited to privately-entered crews competing with cars that are based on production models and homologated under Group R5 rules.
The original incarnation of the series began in 2013 and was open to cars competing under Group R1, R2 and R3 regulations.
These were known as the World Rally Championship-2 Pro for professional crews and manufacturer teams, and the World Rally Championship-2 for privateers.
She goes on dates with several men, including 18 year old Jonas (Felix Sandman), and the much older Bengt Erik (Bjørn Skagestad).
The first season ends with a shot of Johanne's face as she opens the door, possibly for one of her suitors.
The idea for the show was created by two advertisement students, Amir Shaheen and Kristian Andersen, who derived the concept from the popular Nordic TV Christmas calendars, televised advent calendars with an episode broadcast each day of December until Christmas Eve.
Besides the fact that it's perfectly messy, I love this show because I have no idea who I want Johanne to end up with.
Viskic trained in classical clarinet at the Victorian College of the Arts and the Rotterdam Conservatorium in The Netherlands before working as a chamber musician, including performing with José Carreras and Dame Kiri Te Kanawa.
Adult Alternative Songs, also known as Triple A, is a record chart that ranks the most-played songs on American adult album alternative radio stations.
Admiral Gaidis Andrejs Zeibots (born 26 June 1945 in Cirgaļu, Valka District) was Commander of the Joint Headquarters, head of the Latvian National Armed Forces from 2003 to 2006.
She eventually changed to Rot-Weiss Köln, as she was keen on improving her skills in a team that was in the Bundesliga.
Because she was perfoming well in the Bundesliga she drew a lot of Attenion towards her and her talent was ultimatly noticed by Coaches of the national team.
She went on to represent the team at the Youth Championship the following year in Cork, Ireland, winning silver medals at both events.
Her most notable performance with the team was at the 2019 EuroHockey Junior Championship in Valencia, Spain, where the team won a bronze medal.
In December 2019, Heyn was named in the preliminary German Olympic squad to train for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
The is a pair of Japanese distance markers akin to a milestone, consisting of two earthen mounds flanking the route of the old Tōkaidō highway located in in what is now part of the city of Toyoake, Aichi Prefecture in the Tōkai region of Japan.
Mountain was one of ten UKIP candidates who stood for the South East England constituency in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom, which also included Piers Wauchope, another interim leader; none of them were elected.
Mountain has also stood for Brighton and Hove City Council thrice: as the sole UKIP candidate in the 11 July 2013 by-election at the Hanover and Elm Grove ward, in 2015 at the Hangleton and Knoll ward, and in 2019 for the North Portslade ward; she did not win in any of them.
Mountain had retired by April 2019, and was a member of the National Executive Committee when she was appointed interim leader on 16 November 2019 to succeed Richard Braine.
Mountain was the acting leader of UKIP during the 2019 United Kingdom general election, where none of the party's forty-four candidates were elected to the House of Commons.
The 2020 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship Division III consists of two groups of four teams each: the top 2 teams from each division played in the semifinals in a 4-team bracket for a chance to play for promotion to Division II B, while the bottom 2 teams in each group played in placement rounds for 5th to 8th place.
During World War II, Latvia was occupied by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union and after the war, Latvia was forcibly annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944.
Since then, Mexico has been accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and Latvia has been accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
In March 2004, Latvian President Vaira Vike-Freiberga paid a visit to Mexico to attend the Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union Summit in Guadalajara and met with Mexican President Vicente Fox.
In 2007, Mexican Foreign Undersecretary Lourdes Aranda Bezaury paid a visit to Latvia to attend the third political consultations between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of both nations.
During the third political consultations, Latvia and Mexico discussed current issues related to domestic and foreign policy activities and exchanged views on global issues such as the UN reform, climate change and environmental protection, disarmament, and weapons of mass destruction.
In recent years, Foreign Ministerial meetings of both countries have been held in different international forums such as the meeting between Mexican Foreign Minister Patricia Espinosa and Latvian Foreign Minister Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis, held in the framework of the 66th General Assembly of the United Nations in September 2011.
Both Foreign Ministers discussed the presence of Mexican multinational company CEMEX in Latvia and discussed climate change and the prospects for cooperation within the United Nations.
In April 2013, Latvian Foreign Vice-Minister Andris Teikmanis paid a visit to Mexico to attend the fifth political consultations between both nations and to celebrate the 80th anniversary since Mexico recognized the independent Latvian State.
Frederick Douglass, Jr., (March 3, 1842 - July 26, 1892) was the second son of Frederick Douglass and his wife Anna Murray Douglass.
Born in Bedford, Massachusetts, he was an abolitionist, Essayist, newspaper Editor, and an official recruiter of colored soldiers for the United States Union Army during the American Civil War.
As a youngster while still under his parent’s roof he joined them as active members and conductors of the Underground railroad, receiving fugitives at their Rochester, New York home; feeding and clothing them, and providing safe, warm shelter as they made their way from bondage to freedom, which for many of these meant escape to Canada.
During the War Between the States, Frederick Jr., joined his father as a recruiter of United States Colored Troops for the Union Army and was commissioned a Recruiting Sergeant, attached to the U.S. 25th Colored Infantry.
Although he himself was never a combat soldier during the intrastate conflict, as were his two brothers, he was proud to have been a recruiter in behalf of the Union cause, especially regarding the famous 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment.
Both his older brother Lewis Henry Douglass and younger brother Charles Remond Douglass were among the first enlistees in that famed regiment.
He was both a printer and editor, having learned these skills while working as an apprentice on his father's newspaper The North Star, later known as Frederick Douglass’ Paper.
Together with his father and his brother Lewis, he became co-editor of the New Era or New National Era, a journal published specifically for Freedmen, post-civil War freed slaves between the years 1870 to 1874.
This post-abolitionist journal shared much in common purpose with an earlier journal The National Era, also published at Washington, D.C. between the years 1847 to 1860.
When his father, Frederick Douglass, Sr., was appointed United States Marshal by President Rutherford B. Hayes in the year 1877, Frederick, Jr., was made a Bailiff and later attained a clerkship in the office of the Recorder of Deeds during his father's tenure in that role for the District of Columbia.
The senior Douglass had been nominated to this office by President James Garfield in 1881, serving in that office until his resignation following the inauguration of President Grover Cleveland in 1885.
Frederick Douglass Jr., died on July 26, 1892, and was initially interred at Graceland Cemetery beside his beloved wife Virginia Hewlett who had preceded him in death on December 14, 1889.
This later changed with the closing of Graceland Cemetery in 1894; remains were exhumed and removed to Woodlawn Cemetery in the Benning Ridge section of Washington, D.C.
Al-Erhayem was raised in Gilleleje as a child of a Danish mother and an Iraqi father and had three older siblings.
The is an archaeological site containing the remnants of a number of Anagama kilns, from which the roof tiles for the Kamakura period reconstruction of the temple of Tōdai-ji in Nara were made.
The site is located in what is now part of the city of Tahara, Aichi Prefecture in the Tōkai region of Japan.
In 1180 AD, during the Genpei War of the late Heian period, the great temple of Tōdai-ji was burned down by Heike forces.
During the construction of an irrigation dam at the tip of Atsumi Peninsula in 1966, the remnants of a kiln were discovered.
This lent evidence to local legend that the tiles for the temple of Tōdai-ji had been produced from clay in this area.
Further investigation of shards found at the site, as well as earlier finds from the Edo period in this neighborhood, revealed a number of ink markings and inscriptions which were identical to markings on existing tiles preserved at Tōdai-ji.
She first started playing music at the age of 6 on her parents Yamaha piano and learned classical although eventually dropped taking lessons, finding them to lack challenge which eventually led her to play guitar and drum.
She initially started playing waltz pieces however soon moved onto songs from the soundtracks of Final Fantasy X and Kingdom Hearts.
She later went onto sing in a jazz band under the name Riot Diet, covering songs from Ella Fitzgerald and the Pixies.
He is the head football coach at The College at Brockport, State University of New York, a position he has held since 2013.
Perfect Baby () is a 2011 Chinese romance film written and directed by Wang Jing and starring Deng Chao, Jane March, Jean-Baptiste Maunier, Annie Yi, and Liu Chenxi.
The Xinhuang West railway station or Xinhuangxi railway station () is a railway station of the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway located in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China.
Since quantum computers are inherently noisy, quantum error correcting codes are used to correct errors that affect information due to decoherence.
Transversal gates can be used to perform fault tolerant but not universal quantum computation by guaranteeing that errors don't spread uncontrollably through the computation.
This is because transversal gates ensure that each qubit in a code block is acted on by at most a single physical gate and each code block is corrected independently when an error occurs.
Due to the Eastin–Knill theorem, a universal set like } gates can't be implemented fault tolerantly because the T gate can't be implemented transversely in the Steane code.
In addition to investigating fault tolerant quantum computation, the Eastin–Knill theorem is also useful for studying quantum gravity via the AdS/CFT correspondence and in condensed matter physics via many-body theory.
The approximate version of the Eastin–Knill theorem is more robust than the original because it explains why it's impossible to have continuous symmetries for transversal gates on the microscopic scale while also explaining how it's possible to have continuous symmetries for transversal gates on the macroscopic scale.
She has a genius for sliding her voice seamlessly from Lovecraftian gothic mode into a slangy contemporary mode without ever undercutting one or the other for cheap comedy.
38-year-old Nicolae Lungu killed 7 people and injured 6 others using a metal stand for infusions, after which he was detained by police in the courtyard of the hospital.
On August 17, 2019, his brother and three other friends visited him in the hospital.. On August 18, 2019, at 1:45 a.m., a patient with alcoholism was admitted to the hospital, who was put to bed in the same bed with the suspect, although there were empty bunks in the ward.
After that, he went to the women's department and there struck ten patients, one of them died on the same day.
One of the injured people died at Buzău County Hospital that day, an 88 year old woman died on August 19, 2019, a 79 year old woman died on August 26, 2019, and a 74 year old man died on September 20, 2019.
Nicolae Lungu, 38 years old at the time of the attack, lived in the village of Săgeata, Buzău County in the house with his mother and often cursed at her.
Juan Martín Echenique y Tristán was a Peruvian politician and soldier who served as the Mayor of Lima from 1898 to 1899.
Echenique was born in 1841 in Lima, Peru to José Rufino Echenique and Victoria Tristán de Echenique, the daughter of the last Viceroy of Peru, Pío de Tristán.
He has competed in ARCA for the past five years, including running full-time for one season in 2017, where he finished tenth in points.
7 team would be returning to ARCA in ten races: Daytona, Talladega, Chicagoland, Lucas Oil, Elko, Iowa, Springfield, DuQuoin, Bristol, Memphis, and Kansas.
In addition, Caudell and his team participated in ARCA's Daytona testing in January 2020 leading up to the race there the following month.
He lives in Piedmont, Oklahoma and in addition to racing and has worked as an energy trading software consultant for Murphy USA for over twenty years.
Bakochristos lifted 162 kg which was sufficient for the bronze medal; although Bruno Carra (representing Brazil) lifted the same amount as Bakochristos, he did not win the medal as his body weight was higher.
Due to torment from his many creditors and lack of solace from his family, he decides to commit suicide (faking it as an accident) so that his debts can be repaid with the insurance money.
He jump off the pier into the sea only to be rescued by fishermen from a distant coast, named Penchalyya (Brahmanandam) and his employee Ramana (Sudhakar).
Back at home, his family is denied insurance, stating unconfirmed death (owing to lack of body), putting them in a difficult situation on repaying the debt.
She finds out that he is not deaf or mute and considers him to be a fraudster, but later sympathises with him after learning his situation.
Her family agrees to their marriage on the condition that he will never desert her, as she had a traumatic failed marriage proposition in the past.
They find him and demand him to come back, as Sujatha (Laya) who was in love with him, still waits for him living as his widow.
He is shocked with the news, but decides not to return, because he does not want to put Pooja through more agony.
During the marriage ceremony the next day, the family intervenes, but when Sujatha sees Pooja and the pain that she is going to inflict on her family, she finally decides to let go of him.
The 2019 K-1 Air Base attack was a rocket attack on the K-1 Air Base in Kirkuk province in Iraq on 27 December 2019.
The air base was one of many Iraqi military bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) personnel and was attacked by more than 30 rockets.
The attack occurred during the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis and preceded a series of events that eventually brought Iran and the United States to the brink of open conflict.
Not much of the details of the attack was made available and the names of other American military service members wounded in the attack were undisclosed, according to The New York Times.
The American contractor that was killed, an Iraqi-American named Nawres Waleed Hamid from Sacramento, California, worked at the base as a linguist under the company Valiant Integrated Services.
Valiant Integrated Services paid for his funeral and burial at the Greater Sacramento Muslim Cemetery, which took place on 4 January 2020, the day after his body was returned to the United States.
According to CNN News, an official stated that there are many similarities to 10 other rocket attacks in the past couple of months, which they have attributed to militias supported by Iran.
According to VOA News, a launchpad for Katyusha rockets was said to have been discovered in a deserted vehicle close to the air base by security personnel .
This led to a rapid series of events over the next week, starting with U.S. retaliation in Iraq and Syria, which targeted five Kata'ib Hezbollah weapon storage facilities and command and control locations in Iraq and Syria.
It was followed by an attack on the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, which in turn led to a U.S. airstrike near Baghdad International Airport, killing Iranian general Qasem Soleimani and PMU commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.
The data is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at electronics and department stores, Internet sales (both physical and digital) and verifiable sales from concert venues in the United States.
Ford v Ferrari: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official soundtrack of the film released by Hollywood Records on November 15, 2019.
Ford v Ferrari: Original Score is the soundtrack score to the film composed by Marco Beltrami and Buck Sanders, released by Fox Music on November 15, 2019.
This data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at department stores, verifiable sales from concert venues and track equivalent album units and streaming equivalent album units in the United States.
A cemetery was established on the eastern part of the campus of St. John's College (later Fordham University), with the first burial in the cemetery occurring on July 11, 1847.
This part of the campus was seized in 1889 by the City of New York under the New Parks Act to create the New York Botanic Garden.
In the early 1950s, the gate to the cemetery was moved from the southern side to the northern, and a brick wall was built to enclose the southern side.
In 1959, the remains of 38 Jesuits were relocated within the cemetery to allow for the construction of Faber Hall to the southeast.
On December 13, 1996, president of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin signed the federal law № 150, which entered into force on July 1, 1997.
As a result, since July 1, 1997, all TOZ-28 guns were banned on the territory of the Russian Federation and they had to be handed over to governmental law enforcement agencies for destruction.
He is known for his best selling books told in an oral history format of subjects including Saturday Night Live, ESPN, and the Creative Artists Agency.
Over his career Miller refined an investigative journalism technique of crafting his books as oral histories where interviews unfold the history of a subject.
She was considered one of the most influential women in Turin and was later recognised internationally as a patriotic mother who lost her children to an Italian nationalist cause.
Savio was born Olimpia Rossi in Turin to the Ligurian nobleman Giovan Battista Rossi and his wife the Biellese Joséphine Ferrero.
Her father was the director of the Royal College of the Provinces of Turin and her mother was considered among the smartest women of her time.
She was educated by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart and was a debutant in 1830, at a festival for Princess Maria Cristina of Savoy.
Savio hosted salons in Turin during the 19th century and wrote her memoirs leaving a portrait of her visitors and guests.
She is remembered by a road in Mirandola, a province of Modena, Italy which is called the Via Olimpia Rossi Savio.
As a bassoonist, Young is a founding member of the Poulenc Trio, where he has toured internationally and collaborated with violinist Hilary Hahn, clarinetists David Shifrin, Anthony McGill and Alexander Fiterstein, and oboists Liang Wang and James Austin Smith.
He was a finalist in the Fernand Gillet-Hugo Fox International Bassoon Competition, and has appeared as soloist with prominent American orchestras, including the National Symphony Orchestra and Baltimore Symphony Orchestra.
Young served as a judge advisor for the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Artificial Intelligence (AI) Health Outcomes Challenge.
As founder of Intertwine Systems, Young worked with Johns Hopkins researchers to deliver cardiac monitoring software to patients in Trinidad and Tobago, and was named a 'Mobile Entrepreneur to Watch' by the Baltimore Business Journal.
During World War II, Czechoslovakia was divided into four different regions, each administered by a different authority: Sudetenland (Germany), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the Slovak State, and Carpathian Ruthenia and southern Slovakia (Hungary).
Although it is not a Canadian military band by virtue of being under the Music Branch of the Canadian Forces, it is directly affiliated with the 32nd Signal Regiment of the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals.
Following the Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in the late 1960s and early 1970's, the band fell out of place in reformed Canadian Army and was finally restructured as an independent unpaid organization in 1973.
It has performed for audiences throughout Canada and the United States, in events such as parades, concerts, military tattoos and drum corps shows.
Since the trophy's inception in 1955, the band has won first place for the Elwood Hughes Trophy at the annual Warriors Day Parade of the Canadian National Exhibition 36 times, more recently in 2018.
Released in October 2019, it peaked at number 38 in the Australian Charts, their third consecutive album to reach the top 40.
Kim is the first Korean-American woman to represent the United States as an Ambassador and the first U.S. ambassador from Guam.
Her mother, a homemaker and community leader, was among 228 passengers who perished on Korean Air Flight 801, which crashed on Guam on Aug. 6, 1997.
Her family established the Jane Wha-Young Kim Foundation in her memory, providing scholarships to high school and university students on Guam as well as an award for outstanding teachers.
Kim served as the Director of the State Department's Center for the Study of Diplomacy, Chief of Staff to the Deputy Secretary of State, and Director of the Office of European Security and Political-Military Affairs.
Before becoming ambassador, Kim served as the Director of the Office of Southern European Affairs in the State Department's Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs since 2018.
Earlier in her career, Kim served as Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs.
She was also a member of the American delegation to the Six-Party Talks focused on ending North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.
In antiquity the village was an important site of early Armenian Christianity and the ruins of several ancient church's and the monastery of Saint Daniel of Gop still occupy the town.
In the 4th century Saint Gregory the Illuminator founded a church here And in 364 Gregory's great grandson Saint Narses, convened the Council of Ashdishad which established cannon, liturgy, fast days and procedures for classical Armenian christianity.
Santi Maria e Lorenzo is a baroque-style, Roman Catholic collegiate church located at Via Giacomo Leopardi in the town of Rotella, in the province of Ascoli Piceno, region of Marche, Italy.
The league was formed by Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton and Yale as a way of determining which team, among the oldest ice hockey programs, was the best.
The four schools involved can trace the beginning of their ice hockey teams to at least 1905 with Yale's inaugural season in 1895–96 serving as the unofficial dawn of college ice hockey.
All four teams ere able to lay claim to a championship since their inception but no formal structure existed to dictate whether one team was superior to another.
At the height of the depression, while many programs were in danger of ending, the ice hockey teams at four of the wealthiest institutions in the United States were able to stabilize their schedules by founding the Quadrangular League.
The four team league remained in place until 1943 when both Harvard and Princeton suspended their ice hockey programs due to America's participation in World War II.
The league resurfaced after the war and was expanded by the addition of Army for the 1946–47 season, becoming the Pentagonal League.
Because the Ivy League never officially supported ice hockey as a sport, the Quadrangular and Pentagonal league are considered informal organizations and not recognized as NCAA conferences.
Santa Viviana is a baroque-style Roman Catholic church located at Viale Ciccolini #5 in the town of Rotella, in the province of Ascoli Piceno, region of Marche, Italy.
This larger church was built and shelters now the relics of Santa Viviana or Bibiana, translated here by Pope Leo XIII.
A list of the best Bosnian First Tier goalscorers from 1995 (as the First League) to the present (as the Premier League).
Dželaludin Muharemović holds the record for most scored goals in a season, 31, scored in the 2000–01 season while playing for Željezničar.
Ivica Huljev and Riad Bajić have scored the least amount of goals as top goalscorers, only 15, scoring them in the 2001–02 and 2014–15 seasons respectively, both while a part of Željezničar.
Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (born 15 April 1962) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Peshawar High Court since 11 August 2016.
He again served as AD&SJ in Charsadda from 5 May 1997 to 12 December 1997 then transferred to Peshawar and served there as AD&SJ from 18 December 1997 to 15 June 1998 then again as AD&SJ in Haripur from 23 June 1998 to 30 May 2002.
He was elevated to District and Sessions Judge (D&SJ) and posted in Shangla from 31 May 2002 to 18 January 2003.
He was inducted into Peshawar High Court (PHC) as an additional judge on 11 August 2016 and confirmed as permanent judge of PHC on 1 June 2018.
The Yale men's team is the oldest active ice hockey team in North America, predating all current professional and amateur clubs.
Santa Lucia is a gothic-style Roman Catholic church located at Piazza Umberto I in the hamlet of Capradosso, a frazione of the town of Rotella, in the province of Ascoli Piceno, region of Marche, Italy.
This church houses a Gothic reliquary from the 15th century, attributed to Alessandro Battista da Marcuccio, a pupil of Pietro Vannini.
A canvas in a lunette, depicting the Madonna of the Rosary above donors of the Gabrielli family is attributed to a follower of Simone de Magistris.
This is a list of Royal Australian Navy (RAN) vessels which were damaged or sunk causing loss of life, in warlike and non-warlike circumstances.
The list excludes losses on non-RAN vessels (including attacks on merchant shipping), merchant seaman deaths, and other losses (including prisoner of war deaths).
By far the bloodiest conflict for the RAN was the Second World War, when 2,170 serving RAN personnel and 845 Australian merchant seaman died from all causes.
The film follows as the members of a large extended family gather on the Fourth of July for a not-so-happy reunion on their California ranch right after World War II.
George Vere Hobart (1867 – 1926) was a Canadian-American humorist who authored more than 50 musical comedy librettos and plays as well as novels and songs.
The new owners lengthened her, and with a new master, sailed her on a whaling voyage to the waters of the Dutch East Indies and Pacific.
She was on a voyage from Hobart to Melbourne with a cargo of 343 planks, 213 piles, 705 bags lime, 36 trusses hay, and seven boxes.
From 1991 to 1994 he worked in the Policy Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On December 4 after the prize had been awarded, Ambassador Gui said that one could not both harm China's interests and benefit economically from China.
When asked to clarify his remarks he said that China would impose trade restrictions on Sweden, these remarks were backed up by the Chinese Foreign Ministry in Beijing.
Santi Pietro e Paolo is a romanesque and gothic-style Roman Catholic church located at Piazza San Pietro in the center of the town of Castignano, in the province of Ascoli Piceno, region of Marche, Italy.
The church has two aisles, with trussed roof, and flanked by baroque wooden altars and a wooden choir of six stalls, attributed to the 15th century artist Apollonius from Ripatransone.
The relics, putatively fragments of wood of the column on which Christ was scourged, were donated by Pope Nicholas IV in 1288.
The song was written by Torres, produced by Enrique Elizondo and it was recorded in George Tobin Studios, North Hollywood, CA.
Later, some people realize about the song potential, among them radio host Betty Pino, who raised the popularity of the song in United States and Latin America.
He played for the San Francisco 49ers in 1987, the Buffalo Bills and Seattle Seahawks in 1989, the Phoenix Cardinals in 1990 and the Cincinnati Bengals in 1992.
He spent 50 years at Columbia Artists Management, Inc. (CAMI), his clients included conductors James Levine, Seiji Ozawa and Riccardo Muti.
Wilford described his childhood in Salt Lake City as miserable where he lived with his Greek Orthodox father and Mormon mother.
Credited with bringing Marcel Marceau to the United States when Wilford was starting his career, he was hired by Columbia Artists to begin a theatrical division.
He became President in 1970 and stepped down in 2000, taking on the titles of chairman and chief executive until his death.
Yücetepe, Muş is a village in Muş Province eastern Turkey located at 38° 58' N and 41° 27' E on the Murat river, 29 kilometers north of Mus.
a Survey in 1902 estimated the population to be 102 Armenians and an estimate in 1910 concluded that figure had doubled.
In the year 2000 the population of the town was 2375, down from 1737 in 1997, and comprised mostly of Kurdish and Arab people.
Mike France (born October 22, 1962) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 42nd district since 2015.
Women created two separate petitions for women's suffrage and sent them to the government in 1948 and in 1957 to request the right to vote.
The fight for women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands began in George Town, when 24 women sent a letter to the Commissioner on 19 August, 1948, informing him that they intended to vote.
In 1954, the issue of women participating in elections was brought up to the Colonial Secretary by Acting Attorney General, I.H.
The text is attributed to Zheng Yin, an alchemist from the 3rd century who purportedly taught Ge Hong, but the bulk of the text appears to have been written during the 9th century.
The ingredients would have produced a weak form of gunpowder—a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and carbon—with honey acting as the source of carbon.
The Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.
Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage and/or casualties, or are notable for other reasons.
Maximum intensities are indicated on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale and are sourced from United States Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap data.
The 2018–19 season is FC Barcelona Femení's 18th season as FC Barcelona's official women's football section and its 11th consecutive season in Primera División.
On June 4, 2018, the club announced their first transfer- the arrival of Dutch defender and 2017 UEFA Women's EURO winner Stefanie van der Gragt from AFC Ajax.
On June 12, 2018, the club announced that Spanish defender Ruth García would return to her previous club Levante UD Femenino, where she played for nine years.
On June 25, 2018, the club announced the signing of Mexican goalkeeper Pamela Tajonar from Sevilla, where she spent 4 seasons.
Of those were Danish defender Line Røddik Hansen, who transferred to Danish side FC Nordsjælland, Spanish goalkeeper and club captain Laura Ràfols who retired after 14 years with the club, and young defender Perle Morroni, who returned to Paris-Saint Germain after the expiration of a six-month loan deal.
On July 2, 2018, the club announced the departure of Spanish forward Olga García to Atlético Madrid after 3 years with the club.
On January 8, 2019, following a draw to league rivals Espanyol, the club announced the termination of coach Fran Sanchez's contract.
On January 31, 2019, at the end of the January transfer window, the club signed striker Asisat Oshoala on a 6-month loan deal from Chinese club Dalian Quanjian.
On March 27, 2019, Barcelona defeated LSK Kvinner in the UWCL and reached their second ever UWCL semifinal, where they would play FC Bayern Munich.
With goals by Kheira Hamraoui in the first leg and a Mariona Caldentey penalty in the second leg, Barcelona ended their semifinal tie on April 28 with a 2-0 aggregate score and reached their first ever UWCL final.
With an Atleti win, the league ended with Atleti receiving 86 points and Barcelona receiving 78, making it the 4th season in a row that Barcelona finished second in the league.
Despite having relative success in all competitions, this was the first year since 2010 where Barcelona went trophyless (not including the Copa Catalunya).
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Schencke (January 9, 1869 – June 29, 1946) was a Norwegian specialist in Semitic languages and the history of religion.
In 1896, Schencke applied for a professorship in Old Testament theology, but he felt obliged to withdraw his application because another applicant was already determined to obtain the position.
Most of his lectures had a small number of students, but lectures on more popular topics could have as many as 250 listeners.
One of the reasons for this was that Schencke had many opponents at the Faculty of Theology because of his pronounced agnosticism.
The translation was only available as a handwritten manuscript, and it disappeared from the University of Oslo Library in the fall of 1946.
The only fellowship recipient that studied under him was Albert Brock-Utne, who lectured on religious studies after Schencke's departure in 1939.
The economy of the village is based on agriculture and the village has drinking water and sewerage, electricity and fixed telephone.
The site contained a midden from the mid-Yayoi to late-Yayoi period, with a thickness of 1.3 meters, which contained roughly textured pottery with a comb design, stone tools, bone needles, parts of looms and other wooden tools, and other artifacts.
The quality and quantity of the artifacts has been compared to those found at the Toro ruins in Shizuoka prefecture, and indicate that that rice paddy cultivation was carried out in the alluvial area of the lower Toyokawa River from an early period, although the actual remains of rice paddies have not yet been found.
The site also did not contain the remains of any pit dwellings, although post holes indicated that raised floor buildings may have been constructed on this site due to the marshy nature of the area.
The site is approximately 13 minutes on foot from JR Iida Line Shimoji Station and is now an archaeological park with faux reproductions of Yayoi period buildings.
He ran in the 2017 Turkmen presidential election, and garnered just 1.02% percent of the total votes cast, compared to incumbent president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who received 97.69% of the total votes cast.
According to outside observers, (who also regarded the elections as not being a free and fair contest), Annanepesov was appointed by the government of Turkemnistan to stand in the election, along with the 7 other candidates besides President Berdimuhamedow, to make the election appear as if there was a democratic election.
Soon however he was able to study violin, and then in 1927 he was admitted to the Franz Liszt Academy of Music where he became a student of Zoltán Kodály.
In the year 2000 the village had a population of 954 and the economy of the village depends on agriculture and husbandry.
The Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino 2020 will be the 8th edition of this competition, which is organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).
The top 2 teams will qualify for the Copa Libertadores.The last four will be relegated to Campeonato Brasileiro Série A2 for 2021.
The championship will follow the rule of the previous year and will be played in four phases: in the first phase the 16 clubs will play in the single-round running points model.
In the second phase (quarterfinals), the clubs will face each other in the knockout system and will be the winner of each group.
In the third phase (semifinal), the clubs will also face each other in the knockout system by qualifying the winner of each group for the final, where eventually both clubs will also face each other in the knockout system to define the champion.
The FAO Women's League (FWL) is organised every year by the Football Association of Odisha (FAO), the official football governing body of Odisha, India.
However, he is generally not remembered as the last king instead his predecessor Riro Kāinga is generally regarded as the last king, although neither held much power.
Hereveri was born, of Rapa Nui descent, in 1873, at Haapape, in the French Protectorate of the Kingdom of Tahiti, now near present-day Point Venus, Mahina, French Polynesia.
His father was Here Veri, baptized Agustín (Akutino), also known as Akutino Hereveri (1851–1894), and his mother was Vai a Tare, baptized Margarita, also known as Maria Te Vai a Tare (1840–?).
On 6 June 1871, half of the Rapa Nui population, around 277 islanders, followed the Father Hippolyte Roussel and Brother Théodule Escolan, French Catholic missionaries of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary to Tahiti and Mangareva after disputes between the missionaries and rancher Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier.
His parents would have been one of the 108 Rapa Nui who followed Brother Escolan and were employed in British businessman John Brander's plantation on Tahiti, or the 67 islanders sent by Dutrou-Bornier to join the workers on October 1871.
Back on Easter Island, the penultimate King Atamu Tekena ceded the island to Chile (represented by Captain Policarpo Toro) on 9 September 1888.
The Chilean government abandoned the settlement in 1892 due to political troubles on the mainland, which was embroiled in civil war, and this prompted the Rapa Nui to reassert their independence.
The Miru clan representative, Siméon Riro Kāinga, was elected the position of ‘Ariki or King of Rapa Nui left vacant by the death of Atamu Tekena in August 1892.
They restricted the islanders' access to most of their land except a walled-off settlement at Hanga Roa, which they were not allowed to leave without permission.
Hereveri was elected with the permission of Sánchez's successor Horacio Cooper White, who was considered much more a despotic administrator than his predecessor.
Cooper wanted to the discredit a rebellion led by Chilean shepherd Manuel A. Vega who had married Véronique Mahute, Riro's widow.
The conflict was spurred when the Chilean guards began kidnapping married Rapa Nui women and keeping them at the company's headquarters in Mataveri while their husbands worked in the field.
Hereveri married Uka o Tu’a a Vaka (born in 1872), baptized Balbina (Parapina), also known as Parapina Avaka, who was the daughter of Tomenika a Vakatukuonge, another indigenous Catholic catechist who lived at the islands leprosery and was allegedly one of the last Rapa Nui to understand the rongorongo script.
According to the published sources of Bienvenido de Estella and J. I. Vives Solar, Hereveri was exiled by the Chilean authority from the island after his unsuccessful revolt in 1902 for a decade.
It was alleged that that he served a career as a midshipman in the Chilean Navy and journeyed around the world in 1908.
Rapa Nui historian Cristián Moreno Pakarati places doubt on the account of Hereveri's deportation because there is no document to indicate it.
He also called the account of his naval career erroneous and possibly convoluted by the experience of his son Mateo Hereveri Vaka as a cabin boy on a Chilean naval ship.
Chin Kaw, also known as Ah Kaw or Ah Caw, (17 July 186511 April 1922) was a prominent Chinese Australian storekeeper, philanthropist, and mining entrepreneur in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, who recruited workers from China for the Tasmanian tin-mining industry and thereby helped Chinese immigrants settle in Australia.
Around 1879 he arrived at the Chinese tin-mining community of Thomas's Plains, near Weldborough in north-eastern Tasmania, where his uncle Chin Ah Heang owned a general grocery and herb store.
As well as being a founder (and eventually sole proprietor) of Sun Hung Ack & Co. in Launceston, which served as a meeting point for the local Chinese community, Ah Kaw was a participant in many mining ventures in Tasmania as an investor, and was a founding shareholder of the National Bank of Tasmania.
Along with future Senator Thomas Bakhap and several other prominent Launceston Chinese merchants, Chin Kaw was in the welcome committee which welcomed the Imperial Chinese Commissioner to Launceston in 1906.
While many of these cases were due to him launching civil actions to recover bad debts, he was himself prosecuted several times.
Despite the policeman's seizure of the liquor being thwarted by a group of angry Chinese, Chin Kaw was convicted and fined £20 in lieu of three months imprisonment.
Another attempt to prosecute him in 1889 for selling sly grog came to naught when Ah Gouie, the Crown's main witness, proved so unconvincing that he was arrested for perjury at the end of the trial.
In 1894, Chin Kaw, along with his employee Chin Kit, was prosecuted for passing counterfeit shilling coins, and possessing the same in the till of his Launceston store, but both were acquitted as there was no proof Chin Kaw or Chin Kit knowingly sought to pass counterfeit coins.
In 1902, Chin Kaw's store was raided by police, who found a group of 25 Chinese sitting at tables with dominoes and money on them, and observed Chin Kaw attempting to sweep the money onto the ground.
Despite one of his co-accused suggesting to the court that their activities were more desirable than English larrikinism, Chin Kaw was subsequently convicted and fined £10 for allowing his premises to be used for unlawful gambling.
In 1907, the police raided Chin Kaw's store again and arrested 16 Chinese including Chin Kaw, again charging him with allowing his premises to be used for unlawful gambling.
The defence argued that the nature of the gathering was no different to the private bridge parties held by white residents of Launceston.
The prosecution case relied on three Chinese witnesses, who by the time of the trial were, respectively, dead, missing, or confined to a mental asylum, and so the case was withdrawn.
Chin Kaw subsequently sued fellow Launceston tobacco merchant Charles Ah Ying for the sum of £300 for malicious prosecution connected with the case, although the case was withdrawn by mutual consent.
Ah Kaw's son Alexander took over the family store in Launceston and took an interest in commerce between Australia and China, founded the Chinese Club in Sydney, and served as Commercial and Political Advisor to the Chinese Consul-General in Australia in the 1930s.
Ah Kaw's son Victor founded his own retail business in Devonport, and distinguished himself as a badminton player, as well as by serving as Chinese Consul in Tasmania.
The contents of the long-closed Kaw family shop in Launceston were eventually donated by Ah Kaw's descendants to the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in Launceston.
William Maxwell Jack (March 5, 1892 – April 14, 1970) was an American politician who served as auditor and secretary of state of Wyoming as a Democrat.
In 1894 his family moved back to Scotland and he was raised in Edinburgh where he had to drop out of school at age 12 to help run his family's store.
In October 1910 he returned to the United States, his family would remain in Britain with his brother losing his arm during The Blitz, and became a rancher in Lusk, Wyoming and later married Huldah Teresa on June 1, 1920.
During World War I he was drafted, but was discharged after training and after returning to Wyoming became active in the oil industry.
In 1924 he successful ran for one of Niobrara County's two seats in the state house and was reelected in 1926.
In 1928 he moved to Casper after being transferred by an oil company and was elected to the state house again in 1930 and reelected in 1932.
On March 30, 1934 he announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination for state auditor and defeated incumbent Auditor Roscoe Alcorn in the general election in the Democratic landslide of the year when they took control of all five statewide offices and the state legislature.
In early 1934 Governor Leslie A. Miller had to temporarily leave Wyoming resulting in Secretary of State Lester C. Hunt becoming acting governor and further responsibility out of state lead to Senate President Nels H. Smith becoming acting governor and on March 5, 1934 Jack became acting governor for a few hours.
When the gas chamber in the Wyoming State Penitentiary was under construction Jack stated that he was against it and supported efforts to prevent its completetion along with members of the state legislature, but it was eventually completed.
On April 2, 1938 he announced that he would seek reelection and after facing no opposition in the primary defeated C. J. Rogers in the general election.
In the 1938 elections the Democrats lost three statewide elections and control of the state legislature, but Jack was the best performing statewide candidate.
In 1940 he served as the chairman of the Natrona county delegation to the Wyoming Democratic party's state convention and was later named as temporary chairman.
On May 12, 1942 he announced that he would seek reelection to a third term and easily won the primary against Carl A. Johnson and later won in the general election against Everett T. Copenhaver.
In 1944 Secretary of State Mart T. Christensen died and after Governor Lester C. Hunt rejected Deputy Secretary of State Everett T. Copenhaver for the position he chose to appoint Jack.
On January 10,1946 he announced that he would not seek a term in his own right or seek any other political office.
After leaving office he returned to the oil industry and became a public relations officer for the Rocky Mountain and Gas Association throughout the 1950s and was appointed as executive vice president in 1950 which he served as until April 1, 1954.
On March 3, 1954 he announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for governor and won the primary, but was defeated in the general election by Milward Simpson.
In March 1962 Jack announced that he would mount a primary challenge against Governor Jack R. Gage, but Gage narrowly defeated him by 4,176 votes and went on to be defeated in the general election by Teton county commissioner Clifford Hansen.
In 1964 Senator Gale W. McGee appointed him as regional director of the Small Business Administration in Casper and served until November 1969.
Abraham Horace Albertson (April 14, 1872 – April 18, 1964) was an American architect who was one of Seattle, Washington's most prominent architects of the first half of the 20th century.
Early in his career, he moved to Seattle in the employ of a well-known New York architectural firm with that was developing a large area in downtown.
Albertson was born April 14, 1872 in Hope Township, New Jersey, to New Jersey natives Edward H. Albertson, a grocer, and Victoria [nee Newman] Albertson.
In 1880, he was living in Hackettstown and subsequently lived in New York City for more than a decade, including time attending Columbia University, were he graduated, with scholarship assistance, from the Columbia School of Architecture with a Ph.B in 1895.
He served in Cuba during the Spanish-American War as a corporal in the U.S. Army and New York State National Guard.
Albertson moved to Duluth, Minnesota, in 1905, and then to Seattle in 1907 as the local representative of the New York City architectural firm Howells and Stokes.
Albertson remained in Seattle after Howells and Stokes dissolved in 1917, and was the principal in several firms—Howells and Albertson (1920–28) (which succeeded the local office of Howells and Stokes after that firm closed); Albertson and Associates (1920–1933); and Albertson, Wilson, and Richardson (1935–1937) which reflected his associates becoming full partners.
His final position was with the federal government, as chief architect of the Washington State office of the Federal Housing Authority from 1939 until his retirement in 1949.
Alberston was the local representative of Howells and Stokes planning the redevelopment of the original downtown Seattle site of the University of Washington.
After the demise of Howells and Stokes, Albertson (with Wilson and Richardson) continued on to complete most of the remaining buildings in the Metropolitan Tract.
Albertson designed a significant modification to the waterfront for a new Seattle Railroad and Marine Terminal, but the project was abandoned due to the more pressing needs of World War I.
Some of his best known designs include the Northern Life Tower built in (1927–29), the downtown YMCA (1929–31), St. Joseph’s Church and Cornish School (1920-21), the Mrs. Grant Smith residence at 619 W. Comstock Street (a designated Seattle landmark, now the Stuart/Balcom House), St. Anne’s Convent (1930), and an addition to the former Children’s Orthopedic Hospital.
He was a chairman Seattle's building code committee, wrote the Seattle Tenement House Law, and was a director of the Seattle Social Welfare League, chairman of the Bi-state Federal Historical Monuments Survey, vice-chairman of the Washington State Emergency Public Works Board among other public positions.
Seattle's University Street station, built in 1990, contains a staircase with quotations inscribed on the risers from Albertson describing the Cobb Building, served by the station and located just across University Street.
Asfar Hossain Mollah ( – 13 May 2016) was a Bangladeshi physician and politician from Gazipur belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
The City Hotel (1794–1849) stood at 113–119 Broadway, occupying the whole block bounded by Cedar, Temple, and Thames Streets, in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City.
Designed by John McComb Jr., it offered not only luxurious accommodations, but also such amenities as shops, a barroom, and a coffeehouse, as well as public dining and dancing.
An 1828 expanded edition states:City Hotel, [operated] by Chester Jennings, is the chief place of resort, and … the loftiest edifice of that kind in the city, containing more than one hundred large and small parlours and lodging-rooms, besides the City Assembly Room, chiefly used for Concerts and Balls.
In 1849–50 she replaced it with a block of stores called the Boreel Building, and in 1878–79 replaced that with an office building, also called the Boreel Building.
He was the principal of Dinajpur Government Women's College, Syedpur Cantonment Public College, Jalalabad Cantonment Public College and Bogra Cantonment Public College.
It was the team’s first and only season as an NCAA Division I FCS independent team as they made the transition from the Gateway Conference of Division I-AA (now FCS) to the Sun Belt Conference of the FBS.
Mechanics' Institutes were a particularly Victorian Institution which spread to the corners of the English speaking world, including Australian colonies where they were set up in virtually every colony.
In Australia, the first Mechanics' Institute was established in Hobart in 1827, followed by the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts in 1833, Newcastle School of Arts in 1835, then the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute established in 1839 (renamed the Melbourne Athenaeum in 1873).
Over 1200 Mechanics' Institutes were built in Victoria but just over 500 remain today, and only six still operate their lending library services.
Only a few mechanics' institutes still operate as libraries: list derived from the Mechanics' Institute of Victoria, Inc.'s Library Directory 2018.
In the final round of the tournament, New Hampshire played #3 seed Hartford, and the first and only goal of the game was kicked in by New Hampshire 3:27 into the game.
However, he is generally not remembered as the last king instead his predecessor Riro Kāinga is generally regarded as the last king, although neither held much power.
Ika married on 9 March 1879 with Renga Hopuhopu to Tetono (c. 1857–1942), baptized Anastasia, a woman from the Tupahotu clan.
Their daughter was named María ‘Aifiti Engepito Ika Tetono, and she married Juan Tepano Rano, a Tupahotu clansman who accompanied King Siméon Riro Kāinga to Chile in 1898 and later became a cultural informant on Rapa Nui culture.
The penultimate King Atamu Tekena of Easter Island ceded the island to Chile (represented by Captain Policarpo Toro) on 9 September 1888.
The Chilean government abandoned the settlement in 1892 due to political troubles on the mainland, which was embroiled in civil war, and this prompted the Rapa Nui to reassert their independence.
However, Kāinga's cousin Maria Angata Veri Tahi 'a Pengo Hare Kohou, a Catholic catechist and prophet, organized many of the island's women in his support.
They restricted the islanders' access to most of their land except a walled-off settlement at Hanga Roa, which they were not allowed to leave without permission.
The captain intended to deport any disruptors, but Sánchez felt confident enough to tell the captain that it was not necessary to deport anyone.
The Rapa Nui complained about the mistreatment and low salaries with Captain Wilson through an interpreter (one of the Rapa Nui returning from the continent) although to no satisfactory results.
She was the first biotechnology analyst on Wall Street and the first female partner at Hambrecht & Quist, a leading investment banking firm.
Campbell-White founded MedVenture Associates, a biomedical venture capital firm, in 1986 and was a senior managing director at the firm until her retirement in 2015.
In 1997, Campbell-White established the Kia Ora Foundation to provide educational and other opportunities to musicians and artists from New Zealand.
In 2016, she joined the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board to help administer the endowment fund as an ongoing source of funding for the Wikimedia Foundation.
In 2018, Campbell-White was honoured at the sixth annual International Opera Awards for her lifelong commitment to opera and support of young artists and the performing arts.
She has been a board member for the San Francisco Opera for many years, and she and her husband have sponsored San Francisco Opera performances since 1995.
It was built in 1861–62 (on the site of an earlier chapel of 1822) and has been a Grade II listed building since 1974.
An Independent congregation was formed in Weymouth in 1817 when a dwelling at Hope Street was rented and transformed into a place of worship capable of accommodating 100 people.
The building was later enlarged in 1833 for a cost of £154 and an organ built by Mr. White was installed soon after.
Fundraising began in 1860 and plans were made to demolish the original chapel and build a new one on the same site.
The grandfather of Mr. Williams had built the original chapel and his father had also been involved in alterations and improvements to it over the following years.
As construction neared completion, the chapel was first used for worship on 1 January 1862, although the public dedication was not held until 5 March when Rev.
This was cleared by the end of 1862, following an offer of £50 from Mr. W. Sommerville of Bristol if the remaining debt was cleared by the end of the year.
The Johnstone Estate gifted the freehold of the chapel site in 1871 and the deeds were drawn up by R. N. Howard free of charge.
When the chapel's schoolroom became too small to serve the local children, land behind the chapel was acquired for a new £1,000 schoolroom.
The memorial stone was laid by the mayor of the borough, R. N. Howard, on 11 November 1885 and the school opened on 21 April 1886.
Brigadier Robert Amos Row, (30 July 1888 –7 January 1959) was a senior officer in the New Zealand Military Forces and a two-time recipient of the Distinguished Service Order.
On the outbreak of the First World War, Row volunteered for service in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) and was appointed commander of the 1st Canterbury Company of the Canterbury Infantry Battalion.
Evacuated to Malta for treatment, he did not return to the frontlines until early 1917, by which time the New Zealanders were serving on the Western Front.
Promoted to lieutenant colonel, he commanded the 3rd Battalion of the Canterbury Regiment during the Battle of Messines and was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in recognition of his services in Flanders, the citation noting his leadership during fighting around Ploegsteert Wood.
Early the following year, the 3rd Battalion was converted to a pioneer unit and he was temporarily placed in command of the 1st Battalion of the Canterbury Regiment.
During the Spring Offensive of 1918, Row was attached to brigade headquarters in a liaison role, resuming his battalion command towards the end of the year during the battles of the Hundred Days Offensive.
Rather than entering the work force on his discharge, Row decided to take on professional soldiering and joined the New Zealand Staff Corps, a branch of the New Zealand Military Forces which assisted in the administration of the New Zealand Territorial Force.
For the next several years, he held a series of staff positions, beginning with an attachment to the General Headquarters School at Trentham Military Camp.
As a professional soldier with staff experience, in the Second World War Row was posted to the headquarters of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) and served in the Middle East from January 1941.
He returned to Army Headquarters in New Zealand in June 1941 as tensions with the Japanese Empire escalated in the Pacific region.
At the time, 8th Brigade was stationed in Fiji having been sent there in late 1940 to guard against a possible attack in the event Japan entered the war and attacked the island nation.
Shortly after taking command, Row implemented a test of his unit by holding an exercise under the guise of a Japanese invasion.
The brigade remained in Fiji in a defensive role until August 1942, when they returned to New Zealand and undertook home defence duties as part of the newly formed 3rd Division, under the command of Major General Harold Barrowclough.
In August 1943, the 3rd New Zealand Division was assigned a role in the ongoing Solomon Islands campaign, which was being directed by Vice Admiral William Halsey, the overall commander of Allied forces in the South Pacific area.
The Treasuries, which consisted of two main islands, Mono and Stirling, were to the south of the larger island of Bougainville and were seen by the Allies as a stepping-stone towards landing forces there.
The operation would be the first amphibious landing mounted under fire by New Zealand forces since the Gallipoli landing in 1915.
For the battle, Row's brigade was detached from the 3rd Division and placed under the operational command of the US 1st Marine Amphibious Corps.
In addition to the three battalions of his brigade, Row had under his command US combat support and service support units including a naval construction battalion (the 87th), a signals unit, a naval base unit, and a coastal artillery battalion (the 198th) to provide anti-aircraft fire support.
Having US personnel under foreign command was unusual for the Second World War and was a reflection of Halsey's confidence in Row's leadership.
The troops landing in the south of Mono experienced defensive fire but by midday had destroyed the artillery present there and were penetrating inland.
Those landing at Stirling were unopposed and Row subsequently established his headquarters there; the Japanese garrison on the island had moved across to Mono.
Over the next few days, the Japanese retreating from the south began attacking the defensive perimeter that had been established around the northern landing site.
A heavy attack was fended off on the night of 1 November and after this, organised resistance by the Japanese faded away and Mono Island was considered secure by 12 November.
Despite the success of the Treasuries landings, Row was returned to New Zealand in December 1943, as part of Barrowclough's organisational strategy of replacing the older commanders within the 3rd Division with younger officers.
Row's removal as commander of 8th Brigade came as a surprise to Halsey, who had established a good working relationship with him.
No longer required for active service in the New Zealand Military Forces, Row was placed on the retired list in 1944.
The first section is a section of dual carriageway linking Scarborough Beach Road to Pearson Street/Jon Sanders Drive in Osborne Park.
The second, longer section is a two-lane road in Mount Claremont used to link central Perth to the West Coast Highway via Hay Street, Underwood Avenue and Rochdale Road.
The two sections of road are to date the only evidence of the originally proposed Stephenson Highway, a controversial highway that was proposed to connect Swanbourne to Innaloo.
The two roads are named after Gordon Stephenson, an influential person in the development and expansion of Perth through the Metropolitan Region Scheme during the 20th Century.
Eucalyptus strzeleckii, commonly known as Strzelecki gum or wax-tip, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia.
It has smooth bark, sometimes with a few slabs of fibrous bark near the base, lance-shaped to egg-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.
It has smooth, mottled cream-coloured, and pale brown bark, sometimes with a few slabs of rough, fibrous bark near the base.
Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to egg-shaped or curved, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long.
The main threats to the species include grazing and trampling, weed invasion and habitat loss due to road works, firewood collection and agricultural activities.
Efim Naumovich Gorodetsky (or Gorodetskii; ; 29 January 1907 – 20 June 1993) was a Soviet historian and a leading authority on the historiography of the October Revolution and the formation of the Soviet state.
He was awarded the State Prize of the USSR in 1943 for his part in a history of the Russian Civil War and produced and edited a number of collections of primary sources relating to Russian and Soviet history.
He married Polina Veniaminovna Gurovich, also an historian, and they had sons, the physicist Evgenii Gorodetskii (1941-2015) and his brother Alexander, and a daughter Inna.
Gorodetsky worked as a historian for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History (MIFLI/МИФЛИ) in 1932 and 1933 after the Humanities faculty of MSU was abolished.
MIFLI, which aimed to produce teachers with an explicitly Marxist-Leninist approach, was subsequently merged back into MSU when the Humanities were reintroduced to the university.
In 1940 he was appointed associate professor of the Department of History of the USSR of the Soviet Period, in the Faculty of History of Moscow State University and in 1943 he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for his contributions to Volume 2 (1942) of the history of the Russian Civil War.
During the Second World War, he and his family were evacuated to Krasnoufimsk in the Ural region to escape the approaching Germans, returning in 1944.
In 1960 Gorodetsky won the N. V. Lomonosov Prize of Moscow State University for his part in producing the history of the revolutionary and state activities of V. I. Lenin.
Reviewer Rudolf Schlesinger felt that, notwithstanding the central and approving place that the author gave to Lenin, in the book Gorodetsky had taken an undogmatic and fresh approach different from his contemporaries in either the West or the Soviet Union.
She was chair of the New Zealand Commercial Communications Council until her retirement in January 2019; she was the first woman to hold the position.
In 1999 she and two business partners established Spark, a media agency which became the largest spender of media in the New Zealand market within the first 5 years of operation.
In 2000, Bond opened Spark PR & Activate, a marketing communications business, and in 2007 she opened PHDiQ, a digital operation specialising in online strategy, search and social media management.
He founded and developed the Erode Sengunthar Engineering College and M.P.Nachimuthu M.Jaganathan Engineering College in Erode district of Tamil Nadu state.
James Clark (1 May 1825 – 5 June 1890), was an English market gardener and horticulturist in Christchurch, Dorset who specialised in raising new varieties of potato.
Clark had only a poor education and at the age of nine was sent to work on a farm in the neighbouring hamlet of Iford.
When he was aged twelve his family moved closer to Christchurch and his father became an under-gardener at nearby Sandhills, the seaside estate of Sir George Henry Rose, the Member of Parliament for Christchurch.
It was during this period that a fungus unwittingly transported to Europe from America devastated the potato crop in Ireland, causing the Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1850.
In the wake of this tragedy potato breeders sought to find a reliable alternative to the disgraced Lumpers and Cups that had been the mainstay of the Irish planting.
It was there that he first developed an interest in growing potatoes and became fascinated by the varieties produced by a single root.
However, the onset of a life-long heart complaint compelled him to quit this job and take on less arduous gardening work.
In 1869 Clark moved his family to Cranemoor, a hamlet a few miles east of Christchurch, where his wife became the caretaker at the small Congregational chapel.
After lifting the first crop he discovered a few seed balls and from these, he raised forty-two roots of the seedling.
The male pollen-parent was uncertain, but Clark suspected that it was Paterson’s Victoria because a quantity of that variety had been growing in nearby allotments.
In the following two seasons Clark saw that one of his new seedlings had survived when other local potato plants had been devastated by blight.
He realised that this new variety held great promise, so he nurtured them and in the spring of 1874 he sent some of his seedlings to the noted horticulturist Shirley Hibberd for him to test at his trial-ground in Hornsey.
Hibberd’s tests confirmed the robust good qualities of the new variety and he recommended it to seed merchants Messrs Sutton & Son of Reading, who purchased Clark’s entire stock and released it to the public as Sutton’s Magnum Bonum in 1876.
Hibberd promoted the Magnum Bonum by stating 'I believe that it will prove the most generally useful variety ever put into commerce'.
It was a white, kidney-shaped late maincrop with a floury texture and a blandly sweet flavour that grew vigorously, withstood disease, and gave good yields.
There is a very considerable consensus of opinion that in a great number of soils Messrs. Sutton's 'Magnum Bonum' has survived in bad years, and yielded abundantly in good.
It is a recent introduction, and the breeder who first raised it in 1871, Mr. Clark, of Christchurch, was present yesterday at the show.
These included Maincrop/Langworthy (1876), Reading Hero (1881), Sutton’s Seedling (1886), Abundance (1886), Best of All (1887), Satisfaction (1887), Masterpiece (1887), White Kidney (1888), Early Market (1888), Matchless (1889), Nonesuch (1889), Perfection (1892), Triumph (1892), Supreme (1893), Epicure (1897), No Plus Ultra (1897), Reliance (1897), Ninetyfold (1897), Ideal (1898), Inevitable (1898), Centenary (1900), and Favourite (1902).
Of these, Ninetyfold was a successful variety that was grown commercially until the 1960s and Epicure proved an outstanding variety that is still grown today.
It became the traditional Ayrshire early potato and although there has been a recent tendency to replace it, it remains a popular garden variety in Scotland.
Trenton Irwin (born December 10, 1995) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a member of the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL).
Aung Shwe Prue Chowdhury (1 August 1914 – 8 August 2012) was a Bangladeshi from Bandarban belonging to Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
The brother of Jacques Saurin, he was appointed Dean of Ardagh and Precentor of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin on 22 March 1727. holding both posts until his death in 1749.
His son was Archdeacon of Dromore; his grandson, Bishop of Dromore; his great nephew, Attorney General for Ireland; and his great nephew, an Austalian impresario.
She was also elected as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from Reserved Women's Seat-30 in the Sixth General Election of Bangladesh.
Kent was involved in politics as a student at Carleton University, where he was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada Student Federation.
He ran on a platform on providing services to the Eastway Gardens neighbourhood and turning the CN railway into a rapid transit route.
During the campaign, Kent cited traffic problems, a buffer around Sheffield Glen, improved day care services and making the NCC green space into an all-age recreation area, and for the NCC to clean up a swampy area behind Eastway Gardens.
In his first term on council (which also gave him a seat on the Ottawa-Carleton Regional Council), Kent supported the re-election of Andrew S. Haydon for regional chair.
On February 26, 1982, Kent announced that he would be challenging Dewar for mayor of the city in the 1982 mayoral election.
The main issue of the campaign would be over Dewar's support of an $8.4 million arts centre at the Ottawa Teacher's College, which Kent opposed.
Kent also got involved in federal politics, and was elected as a Joe Clark delegate for the riding of Ottawa—Vanier for the 1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election.
He also ran for the nomination for the Tories in Ottawa—Carleton to run in the 1984 Canadian federal election , but lost to Barry Turner on June 26, 1984, 630 votes to 441 on a second ballot.
In 1985, he entered the race to run for alderman for the ward, which was an open seat, as incumbent Greg MacDougall was retiring.
On election day, Kent defeated Dylan McGuinty (brother of future Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty) in a close race, winning with 37% of the vote to McGuinty's 34%.
Overall, the 1985 election saw a comparatively right-ward shift for the city council, with the election of Jim Durrell as mayor, a past supporter of Kent's.
While there was some speculation that Kent would run against Durrell for mayor in the 1988 mayoral election, he opted against it, choosing to run for re-election as alderman.
While serving on council, Kent ran in the 1990 Ontario general election in Ottawa South for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.
While it was seen as a winnable riding for the Tories, it was suggested that many would-be Tories voted Liberal to stop the NDP.
Instead of running for mayor, Kent opted to run for Regional Chair in the 1991 Regional elections, the first time there would be a direct election for chair.
On election day, Kent would finish in third in a close three-way race, with 28% of the vote, losing to Peter D. Clark.
St Martin's was built as a chapel of ease to Holy Trinity as a result of the growing population in the parish, particularly around Chickerell Road.
An earlier, temporary mission room of St Martin had been established facing the nearby recreation ground, but was soon inadequate to serve the parish.
The plans for the church were drawn up by Charles Edwin Ponting of Marlborough and Messrs Jesty and Baker of Portland were hired as the builders, with Mr. D. Grant acting as clerk of the works.
Owing to the limited funds available, only the nave, porch and part of the crypt was built as part of the original construction work.
It was intended to add a chancel and side aisles at a later date, but this did not come to fruition.
The construction of the main body of the church provided accommodation for 198 persons, while the complete scheme for St Martin's intended to accommodate 523.
St Martin's closed in 1949, although the building saw continued use by the Weymouth and District Deaf and Dumb Club and the executive committee of Toc H Weymouth.
The roof, which was tiled with dark red sand-faced tiles, had a bell turret added, which was surmounted by a wrought-iron cross.
Part of the intended crypt was completed in the work of 1907–08, which was to form a larger parish room but was instead used as a vestry.
The church's pulpit was moved from Holy Trinity to the new church, while many of the fittings of the temporary St Martin's were also transferred there.
He played with Al Ain in juniors and participated in the first team in 2018 after allowing the born in United Arab Emirates to participate in the UAE Pro League.
He was granted Emirati citizenship in 2019 and was chosen he was chosen to participate with the Olympic team to participate in 2020 AFC U-23 Championship .
In 2012 she still lived in the house in Arima where she was born, which she had inherited from her parents, and she was living in a care home in the same area.
She was awarded the honour of Lady of the Order of St. Gregory the Great by Pope John Paul II, one of just two Trinidadian women he so honoured.
Later, he served as state minister of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives from 25 May 1986 to 26 March 1988.
Parijat Kusum Chakma (1946 – 28 March 1998) was a Bangladeshi academic and politician from Rangamati belonging to Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
The government of Bangladesh has announced the commemoration of 2020-2021 as the Mujib Year () on the occasion of the centennial birth anniversary of the founding leader of the country, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman .
The UN General Assembly, UNESCO, has decided to jointly celebrate the Mujib Year with Bangladesh at the UNESCO 40th General Assembly.
The decision was made in the presence of all UNESCO members on November 12–27 in Paris this year, held on November 25.
In addition to promoting the role of Bangabandhu at the grassroots level in Bangladesh's independence struggle, the return anniversary of Bangabandhu, the founding anniversary of the Awami League , National Mourning Day and Jail Killing Day will be celebrated every year as well.
Suluca also known as Komer is a village of Muş in the central district of Muş Province , Eastern Anatolia Turkey.
Known as Komer to the Armenians, Church records state that in 1890,there were 70 Armenian households in the town, and a second survey indicated there were 38 Kurdish households.
By 1902 records show only 58 Armenian households and then in In 1910, church records recorded 60 Armenian households and a similar record in 1914.
The carriage eventually received connections to the electricity, gas and water mains and, being unable to move, had kerbs erected around it when the road was resurfaced.
Using money from his First World War soldier's disability pension he commissioned a carriage from a coachbuilder on Hackney Road, Shoreditch.
The completed vehicle, in mahogany with etched-glass windows and brass fittings, was set up as a coffee stall on Calvert Avenue, near to the corner with Shoreditch High Street.
The stall is said to have been the first of its kind to receive mains electricity when Syd tapped into a nearby lamp post in 1922.
The lamp post has since been replaced but the mains feed to the stall remained, under licence from the local council.
During the Second World War Syd's coffee stall received a special licence to remain open during the hours of the blackout to provide refreshment to Air Raid Precaution wardens and emergency service personnel.
During The Blitz a bomb fell on Calvert Avenue; the stall was protected from the blast by two London buses which had parked nearby but Syd Tothill's wife, May, was wounded by shrapnel.
Owing to May's injuries Syd had a nervous breakdown and the running of the stall fell to their young daughter, Peggy.
The Mayor of Shoreditch wrote to the War Office to appeal for the release of Syd's son, Syd Junior, to take over the stall.
After the war, Syd Junior continued to operate the stall which he expanded into an external catering business named Hillary Caterers after Sir Edmund Hillary who scaled Mount Everest in 1953.
Syd Junior became the youngest ever president of the Hotel and Caterer's Federation and a freeman of the City of London.
Owing to the stall's utility connections it could not be moved and so the council erected kerbs around it and surfaced up to these.
Syd Tothill's granddaughter Jane Tothill was the third and final member of the family to run the stall, doing so for the last 30 years of its operation.
During its final years the stall was open five days a week between 5:30 am and 5:00 pm and its most popular snacks were ham or bacon sandwiches.
The coffee stall was established in a working-class part of the city but struggled with the gentrification of the area which brought new coffee bars.
After the stall celebrated its 100th anniversary Jane Tothill announced that falling trade had forced its closure and it closed for the final time on 20 December 2019.
Hackney London Borough Council will assist with the relocation of the stall which will have conservation work carried out on it before going on display at the Museum of London's new premises in the former Smithfield Market from 2024.
Chakma was elected as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from Chittagong Hill Tracts-1 in 1979 as a Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD candidate.
The Diglake Colliery Disaster (also known as the Audley Colliery Disaster), was a coal-mining disaster at what was Audley Colliery in Bignall End, North Staffordshire, on 14 January 1895.
Various mining workings took place from 1733 onwards to 1854 when the mine was abandoned as it was not connected to a canal or railway, which made it uneconomical for the outward transportation of coal.
Audley Colliery was located just to the east of what was railway station on the North Staffordshire Railway line between and .
Because the railway had opened up in 1870, the outward movement of coal was now more profitable than those of the earlier ventures.
Accurate records were not maintained of the previous workings (known as Old Roookery Pit), and so the actual amount of earth separating the two mines was unknown.
Although the intent had been to make sure that the two workings were separated by , some records later indicated that the tow plans were scaled at different measurements and so the actual difference between to the two workings was extremely thin.
Between 11:30 and 11:40 am on 14 January 1895, whilst there was 240–260 miners underground, a huge wall of water forced its way into the mine.
It is believed that fireman William Sproston had fired a shot into the new 10-Foot seam in Shaft No.1, which weakened the barrier between the new workings and the old tunnels which were flooded with water.
One of the fireman's sons, who was on an errand for his father, was carried away on one of the resultant waves to the bottom of the No.
1 Shaft, where he and other miners managed to escape through a shaft that cut into the disused Boyles Hall Colliery.
Pumps installed in the mine were working to evacuate the water from the mine and were shifting a minute, but the water level had only fallen by on the following day.
On hearing the inrush of water and feeling the rising levels, William Dodd, the under-manager who had an office at the bottom of No.
2 shaft, ran to warn other miners of the danger and they also played a part in the rescue of 35-40 miners.
A roll-call was held on the next day (15 January 1895) which determined that some ninety-odd men were possibly still in the mine.
A rescue party went as far as they safely could into the mine, and they reported back that no tapping or other signs of life were evident, although, neither had any bodies been discovered.
Eleven days after the disaster, the water was said to have dropped by in the old Rookery workings where the initial water was flowing in from.
The water in the shafts of Diglake was filling up, which meant that the depth of all the old workings was not as much as had been hoped and draining away the floodwater.
Six months later, the resultant inquiry decided that no blame was to be apportioned to the mine owners, but made mention of the fact that no accurate records existed of previous mineworkings and it called for better planning for mines.
It is believed that the accurate number is 77, and the number 78 arose after someone's name was applied to memorial twice by accident.
Renowned international concert pianist, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, donated the proceeds from his concert in Hanley in 1895, to the Diglake Colliery Disaster Fund.
In 1932 and 1933, coaling operations being carried out at an adjacent mine discovered one body in 1932 and two further bodies in 1933.
In 1979, a law was passed, The Mines (Precautions Against Inrushes) Regulations 1979, which dictated that any new coal or mine workings should have a distance of at least between shafts to prevent collapse or flooding.
This prompted fears that the workings would uncover the miners' bodies, which the company stated was not true as they would not be digging to the depth of where the remains would be.
In January 2020, on the 125th anniversary of the disaster, a sculpture of two kneeling miners were unveiled in the cemetery of Audley Methodist Church.
Qian Qi (710–782) was a mid-Tang dynasty Chinese court poet known by contemporaries for elegant verses which are rich in meaning and loose in syntax.
Her cloud of finished gossamer green silk like a pool of quiet water, Until the moon and perched crow bring the dawn.
There were major errors in both the text translations and attributions so that the original poem in Chinese could not be identified.
It was opened on 6 November 1988 as part of the extension of the line from La Paz to El Silencio.
In 1890, the Arminian church recorded one church and 90 Armenian households in the village, as well as 160 Kurdish households with similar numbers recorded in 1902.
The Sri Lanka cricket team is scheduled to tour Bangladesh in December 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) matches.
He worked as a gardener at the agricultural grounds of the University of California, Berkeley and was involved in the first biological control efforts in the US, making use of parasitoids from Australia to control cotton cushiony scales.
Klee was born in Copenhagen and moved to the United States of America at the age of 19 to study in California.
He was recognized by Professor Eugene W. Hilgard at the State University at Berkeley and he was later employed at the University of California as gardener in Charge of Agricultural Grounds and was for some time, around 1886 to 1888, Inspector of Fruit Pests in the California State Board of Horticulture.
Parts of the church date to the 13th century and it survived the raids of the border reivers which burnt down many structures in the village.
The Church of St Cuthbert is located at the western end of Bellingham High Street, behind the Black Bull Hotel and somewhat out of sight of passing traffic.
Parts of the church date to the 13th century and it survived the border reiver period, unlike many of the other mediaeval buildings in the village which were burnt down in raids.
During building works in 1861 three cannonballs were recovered from within the roof, probably dating from 1597 when Bellingham was attacked by Walter Scott, 5th of Buccleuch.
St Cuthbert's Well is located adjacent to the church and is said to have been discovered by the 7th-century Saint Cuthbert.
A shallow arch doorway, with 17th-century door, is set into the third bay on the north side with a 19th-century copper lamp above the entrance.
The western end of the nave had two large stone buttresses added in the 19th-century and a lancet window installed between them.
This roof has been described as being particularly remarkable for being made of alternating strips of single and double thickness slabs of Lakeland slate.
The chancel is 13th century and has an original window on the south wall, with three later lancet windows on the easter end.
The north wall holds monuments to Archibald Reed (1729) and Theresa and Harriet Charlton (1829), with a monument to Charlton of Redesmouth (1628) standing outside the south wall.
The chapel contains a 13th-century window and a 17th-century square window and has a barrel vault roof formed of stone slabs.
The graveyard contains a remarkable tomb monument known as the Lang Pack, located a few steps away from the church entrance.
It is said that the hall's owner, Colonel Ridley, closed up the hall for the winter of 1723 and relocated to London for the season, leaving the hall under the watch of a skeleton staff of three servants with strict instructions to admit nobody.
Late in the night the pack was observed to move and was shot by one of the servants with a pistol.
As he had a whistle around his neck the servants deduced that he was planning to burgle the hall and would have blown the whistle to alert his gang once the door was open.
The Hawking Index (HI) is a mock mathematical measure on how far people will, on average, read through a book before giving up.
A wide spread of highlights throughout the book mean that most readers will have read the entire book, scoring high on the Index.
If the spread of highlights occurs only at the beginning of the book, then it means that fewer people will have read the book completely and will thus score low on the Index.
Varane Avashyamund () is an upcoming Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Anoop Sathyan (in his directorial debut) and produced by Dulquer Salmaan.
The principal photography of the film began on 1 October 2019 in Chennai, with both Dulquer and Kalyani shared pictures from sets on their social media accounts.
Title and first poster of the film was shared by Prithviraj Sukumaran on 1 January 2020, a matrimonial advertisement on a newspaper featuring the leads Suresh Gopi, Shobana, Dulquer Salmaan and Kalyani Priyadarshan.
From 1963 he attended the graduate school at the Veterinary Institute in Alma-Ata and between 1966 and 1967 he was employed there as a research assistant.
In 1982 he was appointed the first deputy minister of agriculture of the Kazakh SSR and in December 1985 he became the first deputy chairman of the state agricultural committee of the Kazakh SSR.
He held this position until July 1987 before becoming a permanent representative of the Kazakh Soviet Republic at the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.
From April 1990 he was deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR and from October 16, 1991 then was Chairman of the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan until its abolition on January 28, 1993.
After Kazakhstan gained independence, the associated loss of power of the Communist Party and the takeover by Nursultan Nazarbayev, Äbdildin went into opposition.
After the 1999 legislative election, he was one of three Communist Party MPs in the Mazhilis and a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defense and Security.
Äbdildin passed away around the midnight during the New Year's Eve on 31 December 2019 in Almaty, at the age of 82.
The town of Yaygin was in the middle ages part of the Taron Region an area heavily fought over in the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars and the Islamic conquest by the Seljuk Turks.
A survey of the town in 1902 found 135 Armenians in 23 households and a second survey in 1910 found the population was 201 Armenians in 28 households.
However the then Minister of State at the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, with responsibility for Gaeltacht, Joe McHugh, confirmed that the school would not be closing.
He further stated that ‘the school will be provided with the necessary support and resources to ensure the long-term viability of the school’.
Margrét Rósa Hálfdánardóttir (born 2 June 1994) is an Icelandic former basketball player and a former member of the Icelandic national basketball team.
She appeared in 30 games and started 29, averaging 9.6 points, 2.4 rebounds and 2.0 assists per game while leading the team in three point accuracy, by making 43.6% of her three-point shots.
It was released as the first and final single from the album In Concert and it was written by Garth Porter and Clive Shakespeare.
Daniel Rosenthal, a convicted murderer, went missing from the hospital in August 2013; he was subsequently found and returned to the facility.
Church of Atheism of Central Canada v Canada (National Revenue) 2019 FCA 296 (CanLII) is a 2019 Federal Court of Appeal case in Canada.
It was brought by the Church of Atheism of Central Canada against the Canada Revenue Agency after the Minister of National Revenue rejected their application for religious charitable status.
The Minister of National Revenue rejected their application on the grounds that they did not meet the statutory definition of a charity under the act.
The Church of Atheism appealed the decision on the grounds of religious discrimination and alleged violations of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Constitution Act, 1982.
The case was heard to decide if there was a violation of the rights and freedoms of the Church and if the Minister's decision was reasonable.
The court ruled that as the Church was a non-profit, they were not individuals so were not entitled to equality protection.
They further found that the rights of atheists were protected and that the Minister declining to grant the Church charitable status did not interfere with their practices.
However, the court found that atheism was not a religion as it failed to meet the common law criteria to be religion and stated worshipping energy did not count as belief in a Supreme Being or Deity.
However the court did not rule on if a religion needed to have an authoritative text such as The Bible in Christianity nor that there had to be a belief in God after The Church cited Buddhism as a recognised religion that didn't believe in a higher power.
As a result, the court ruled that the Minister's rejection was justified as the Church of Atheism lacked a charitable purpose and did not carry out charitable activities.
Most of these films are produced in the Malay language, but there also a significant number of them that are produced in English, Mandarin, Cantonese and Tamil.
Nhavene made his Davis Cup debut for Mozambique in 2018, while the team was competing in the Africa Zone Group III, when he was 16 years and 118 days old.
AI Artathon is a summit initiatives that brings together artists and AI experts to create art using advanced artificial intelligence tools.
The summit is held in Riyadh from 23 to 25 Jan 2019, and it is an initiative by the Global AI Summit.
The teams will join an intensive development program from the 26 to 30 March 2020, supported by global expert to create works of art that will be curated into an exhibition as a part of the Global AI Summit activities that will be held March 2020 in Riyadh.
The Artathon is supported by a number of strategic partners such as: the Saudi Federation for Cyber Security and Programming, the ministers of culture, Saudi universities and telecommunication companies.
Sikhism in Panama took roots when Panama Canal was started in 1890 by an American company.Panama got separated from Spain in 1821 and joined with Columbia , with which it remained till 1903.Construction of rail-road link between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was started in 1850.
During 1864, among the population of New Granda, for which Panama City was part there of then, out of 27.47 lac, 1.65 lacs were Indians including large no.
Then when work on Panama Canal was started in 1890, they worked for digging canal as manual labourers, as very few machinery was available by that time.
That was period when steam engine was just started.Punjabi and specially among them Sikh labourers worked under odd conditions meeting challenges of yellow fever etc.
British and American officials preferred Sikh labourers over others because of their hard work and characteristic to withstand harsh conditions of work.
Punjabi early settlers who came to Panama started working in jobs like watchmen or sold daily use articles as petty businessmen, till they were absorbed in Panama Canal construction work by American company.
With completion of canal Many of them had earned enough money by dint of hard work working in elongated hours to set up their own business or became land owners and did farming in fields.
one among them Rattan Singh built his financial company, and became founding father of Gurdwara Guru Nanak Sahib, Panama along with another Parkash Singh and many others from their voluntary contributions.
One such weekly congregation resulted in forming Panamian medical and management corporation of higher education ( PMMC) which set forth a Medical degree programme in Panama.
After closure of Panama Canal Project and further formation of independent Republic of Panama, many Sikhs returned back to their homeland in India , others migrated to Canada , England and other Europian countries.
After establishment of Panama Canal and American military bases in Panama, many new immigrants including Sikhs came and got settled there as permanent residents.
Recent interviews of some of 4th generation Panamian Sikhs by Sikh channel of U.K., has revealed that those who settled are engaged in financial business owning financial companies, owning agricultural lands cultivating banana and other crops, owning departmental stores,restaurants etc.
Some of these joined civil and military services.There are many among these as Sindhi Sikhs who believe in ten gurus and attend Gurdwara regularly.
At the 2015 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships in Almaty, Yakimushkin won silver in 10 km classical/freestyle skiathlon and gold as part of the relay team.
He debuted in the 2017–18 FIS World Cup season, in the sprint freestyle Stage World Cup in Lenzerheide, being part of the 2017–18 Tour de Ski.
At the 2019 Winter Universiade in Krasnoyarsk, Yakimushkin won two gold medals, in 10 km classical and 10 km freestyle pursuit.
Cristóbal Talcapillán, also known as Don Cristóbal, was a young Chono man who became known for his role in ushering the expeditions of Bartolomé Gallardo (1674–1675) and Antonio de Vea (1675–1676) into the archipelagoes of Patagonia.
Jerónimo Díaz de Mendoza led an expedition in 1674 that having failed to find any Europeans in Patagonia went back to Chiloé with Cristóbal Talcapillán and other indigenous Chono they encountered.
In Chacao Cristóbal Talcapillán rapidly learned Veliche which was the main language of Chiloé –including the Spanish settlements– at the time.
Cristóbal Talcapillán was sent back to Chiloé and it was then decided that a major expedition should be sent to the verify the presence of Englishmen or other Europeans.
Don Cristobal retracted indications about where to find iron anchors and said he had been coerced to lie by Bartolomé Gallardo and his father Francisco Gallardo.
It is possible that the fabications of Cristóbal Talcapillán were done to applease the Spanish as he learned about Spanish culture and what kind things were of their interest.
According to the Viceroy of Peru Baltasar de la Cueva Talcapillán was condemned to two hundred lashes in addition to a lifetime sentence of penal labour.
It is mostly found in undisturbed forests of West Java around Mount Gede and Mount Halimun, with a density of ca.
Each fruit cup contains one to four edible nuts that are oval or flattened and have a size of up to .
Written and published during World war II, the novel is an allegory of the events during the war that criticises nazism and fascism as well as Sweden's neutrality during the war.
Krilon's business is eventually attacked by two real estate rivals and he struggles to keep his group united against the aggression.
He then went to the Fontainebleau Application School, a military college, which he left after two years as a Lieutenant in the French Army.
From 1895 to 1896, he was assigned to the Expeditionary Engineer Corps with whom he managed hydrogen balloons and bridging equipment in Madagascar.
In 1907 he moved to the Research Laboratory for Military Ballooning which became the Laboratory for Military Aeronautics, where he chaired the Engineering Study Commission in 1908.
In that year he patented the design of an undercarriage shock absorber, which appears to be present on his powered kite or Dirigible Biplane, possibly named the Laboratoire, of 1909. which completely failed to fly.
Both of these ideas were probably incorporated into his powered kite projects, where a steerable tractor engine and propeller were attached to a fuselage (nacelle) suspended from a large biplane or triplane kite.
On 28 February 1916 the by now Lieutenant-Colonel Dorand was appointed as the first director of the Service Technique de l'Aéronautique (STAé).
During 1916 he designed, in conjunction with Captain Georges Lepère, the AR.1 and subsequently the AR.2, which had reduced wing span and different engines.
In the same year Dorand collaborated with Émil Letord in the design of the Letord Let.1 three-seat twin-engined reconnaissance biplane, which featured Dorand’s negative stagger biplane wings.
This led to a successful series of aircraft, built in the government factories at Chalais-Meudon and in the factories of Farman and Letord, ending with the Let.7.
Over 250 examples were built by the end of the First World War, including 142 used as trainers by the American Expeditionary Force.
Dorand left the STAé on 11 January 1918, and was appointed the Inspector General of Tests and Technical Studies at the French Ministry of War.
Less than a year later he was promoted to Colonel and became the head of the French delegation of the Interallied Commission for Aeronautical Control in Germany.
In this role he was responsible for searching the defeated country for anything of aeronautical interest that could be brought to France.
He was also responsible for inspecting facilities to ensure that the Treaty of Versailles restrictions on German aeronautical activities were being observed.
During these activities he courted controversy by suggesting that Hugo Junkers be brought to France to assist in the development of metal aircraft construction techniques.
The press called into question Dorand's reputation, considering his plans a wasteful expansion of the air fleet for a country that now considered itself to be at peace.
They had one son, René Dorand, born in 1898, who from 1931 to 1938 worked with Louis Charles Breguet on the development of helicopters, particularly the Bréguet-Dorand Gyroplane Laboratoire.
The 2008–09 Liga IV was the 67th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off match played on a neutral venue.
The Big Ten Conference Woen's Basketball Coach of the Year is an annual college basketball award presented to the top women's basketball coach in the Big Ten Conference.
H. L. Vosz was an Adelaide, South Australia business, for a time Australia's largest supplier of paints and glass, the earliest progenitor of Dulux paints, and became the prosperous glass merchants A. E. Clarkson Ltd.
The company was founded in a modest way by a painter, plumber and glazier of more than usual business acumen, who unwittingly became the name behind many of the stained glass windows in South Australian churches.
Heinrich Ludwig Vosz (3 May 1812 – 9 March 1886), was born in Hanover in humble circumstances, and when quite young moved with his parents to Hamburg, where he had to work for a living from age 12.
At 15 he was apprenticed to a carpenter and eventually was able to set up in business on his own account.
He started work as a joiner in Ackland Street (now that part of Frome Street between Grenfell and Wakefield streets) and was naturalized in August 1849.
He returned with enough money to set up in business as painter, glazier and paperhanger, and in 1853 opened a retail store at 82 (renumbered c. 1890 as 88) Rundle Street, selling window glass, paints, and wallpaper.
Vosz maintained an active interest in current events but apart from a few years (1860–1862) as City Councillor, played no active part in public affairs.
He died after several years of intense suffering from neuralgia, which no medical treatment could alleviate, and was buried at the West Terrace Cemetery without ostentation, by Rev.
His business had become the largest of its kind in Australia; his wife and sons had predeceased him and much of his considerable fortune was left to local charities, including £2,000 for the Home for Incurables.
Lodge of Freemasons of South Australia, the Benevolent Fund of the Irish Constitution of Freemasons of South Australia, the Adelaide Children's Hospital, and the Cottage Homes.
Schmidt became insolvent in 1894 as a result of his purchase of a large share of the company and inability to realise on property which had lost value.
In 1904, when the business was registered as a Company, he stepped down as manager to take a position on the board of directors.
Adelaide's churches were the high-profile end of the market, but much of their business would have been in advertising windows and mirrors for hotels, and decorative windows and panels for more affluent home-owners.
By 1900 the business owned the area bounded by Rundle Street, Charles Street and Fisher Place, as well as stables and yards on Gilles Street, and also occupied several warehouse on Maclaren Wharf, Port Adelaide.
Paints and calcimines, were manufactured at Rundle Street, mirrors were silvered and bevelled, stained glass painted (by J. F. Williams and his staff) and fired, leadlight windows built up, and plate glass cut and curved.
Around January 1907 manufacture of paints was transferred to purpose-built facilities at Lipson Street, Port Adelaide, and much new equipment brought in.
Even so, their Rundle Street showrooms, office and glass workshops were seriously overcrowded, and in July 1908 a new building was opened at 124–126 Rundle Street, alongside the Plough and Harrow Hotel (twenty years later demolished and replaced with the Richmond Hotel) and almost directly opposite the Adelaide Arcade.
The shop boasted all the latest decorative styles and innovations in display and efficiency, such as the Lamson cash carriers, and a network of telephones connecting the various offices and workshops.
A wide stairway led to the first floor, where displays of lighting and lavatory fittings, leaded lights, stained glass, and other window styles were shown to best effect against the large southern window.
Albert Ernest Clarkson (10 April 1876 – 26 April 1936) was a majority shareholder in the company and its first manager and secretary.
was formed with an office in Lipson Street, Port Adelaide and capital £100,000 to take over the paint business of H. L. Vosz Ltd. as a going concern.
Two windows in the nave of St Peter's Cathedral were installed by the Vosz company, but were from the London firm of Charles Eamer Kempe.
He spent the last ten years of his life in Spokane, Washington, where he designed many buildings, including the Traders Block, Temple Court, the Ross Block, and the Windsor Block.
It was opened on 6 November 1988 as part of the extension of the line from La Paz to El Silencio.
Xian Dong Yan (仙洞巖), also called Fairy cave or Deity’s cave, is a natural sea cave in Zhongshan District, Keelung, Taiwan.
The 3rd Army of the Yugoslav Partisans was a Partisan army that operated in Yugoslavia during the last months of the Second World War.
The Army was formed from the units of the General Staff Vojvodina and the 12th Corps (16th, 36th and 51st Vojvodina divisions).
In the final offensive for the liberation of Yugoslavia in April-May 1945, it liberated a large part of Slavonia, Croatia, Hrvatsko Zagorje and Slovenia.
Its units, together with forces from the 4th Army, surrounded a 30,000 strong mixed Axis column containing Germans, Ustashi, Home Guard and Montenegrin Chetniks, and forced it to capitulate after fierce fighting in the Battle of Poljana on May 14-15, a week after the armistice.
Lillian Elizabeth A Griffith (14 July 1877 -1972) was a British artist who painted miniatures and created sculptures and portrait busts, plaques and medallions.
Griffith was born at Abersychan in Monmouthshire, and studied at the Wimbledon College of Art, the Slade School of Fine Art and the Westminster School of Art where she studied sculpture under the artists Alfred Gilbert and Alfred Drury.
She also exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Francais in Paris in 1911 and at a number of British galleries, including the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.
Traian Georgescu (20 March 1931 – 15 May 2008) was a Romanian football defender who spent his entire career at Universitatea Cluj.
He also worked as a surgeon and when his team colleague Remus Câmpeanu was diagnosed with appendicitis, Georgescu was the one who operated him at Câmpeanu's request.
A significant part of Skopje was collapsed and the Old Bazaar, Skopje was severely damaged, as was the Stone Bridge (Skopje), on which four columns were either completely destroyed or seriously damaged.
Participants in its burning in 1689 described it as the most important Ottoman city in the Balkans, comparable to Prague at the time.
After being burned in 1689, for security reasons, it rose up as his remake - Moscopole, which was burned in 1769 because of complicity with the instigators of the Orlov revolt.
Paul Ewart was professor of physics and head of the sub-department of atomic and laser physics within the Department of Physics, University of Oxford, and fellow and tutor in physics at Worcester College, Oxford, where he is now an emeritus fellow.
After holding a research post in the Blackett Laboratory at Imperial College London he was appointed to a position at Oxford.
Ewart would normally have been required to retire from the University of Oxford in 2015, as part of an Employer Justified Retirement Age (EJRA) policy which required academics to retire by the September following their 67th birthday, but was granted a two year extension to September 2017.
A second application for a further three year extension was refused, and Ewart challenged the policy in a tribunal, claiming that his dismissal was unfair and amounted to age discrimination, contrary to the Equality Act 2010.
Tragic Ballad (Italian: Ballata tragica) is a 1954 Italian crime drama film directed by Luigi Capuano and starring Teddy Reno, Beniamino Maggio and Nando Bruno.
Ahad Gudarziani (or Ahmad Gudarziani) is a writer, researcher and journalist who is known for his resistance literature works in Iran.
Borbély proposed the two-process model of sleep regulation in 1982 which postulates there are two complementary processes (S and C, which stands for Sleep and Circadian, respectively) which together account for one's sleep schedule.
The bridge is the longest walk- and biking bridge in Europe and was ready for opening towards the end of 2012.
Wright holds the single season scoring record in the Úrvalsdeild karla when he averaged 46.6 points per game during the 1992–1993 season.
In his first game, he scored 55 points in a 108-110 loss against Keflavík and followed it up by scoring 53 points agianst Haukar in his next game.
On 29 January, Wright led Breiðablik to its second victory of the season by scoring 67 points against Njarðvík, the second highest single game scoring in the Úrvalsdeild karla history.
For the season he averaged a league leading 44.1 points per game but was unable to help Breiðablik stave of relegation.
In September of 1994, Wright Joined Grindavík and played with them two games against M7 Basket in the FIBA Korać Cup.
It is the largest museum of its kind in the Mediterranean area and also one of the most modern in Italy.
It is close to downtown Genoa, the Port of Genoa, and within walking distance of Genova Principe train station and Darsena metro stop.
Galata is a historic district of Istanbul, Turkey, and until the 15th century, home to one of the most important Genoese communities in the Mediterranean.
Therefore, in the late 19th century, when the Municipality of Genoa built a district of commercial docks, the oldest of these was given the name of the ancient colony.
In the late 1990s, the municipality decided to establish the seat of the future maritime museum of Genoa in the Galata district.
In addition to a natural-scale reproduction of a Genoese galley, the museum houses several interactive rooms which help visitors understand what it meant to go to sea in different eras.
It shows both the lot of exploited immigrants in Genoa in the 19th century and that of Italian emigrants who traveled to the United States, Argentina, and Brazil on overcrowded ships, and founded an Italian diaspora in the New World.
In 2005, the Galata museum merged with the Commenda Museum-Theater and the Naval Museum of Pegli, together forming the Mu.MA - Istituzione Musei del Mare e delle Migrazioni (Institute of Museums of the Sea and Migration) to better combine the topics of the sea and migration.
Other rooms hold portraits of Christopher Columbus and Andrea Doria as well as precious world maps and ancient portolans which can be consulted using virtual navigation.
Another room shows a reconstruction of a shipyard in the late 18th century, with its various carpentry tools in the mechanical workshop.
Visitors can access the bridge of a steamship from the immigrant era, and a naval simulator offers a simulated crossing of the Atlantic from the Strait of Gibraltar to New York, passing under the Statue of Liberty, then on to Ellis Island.
Among the objects collected during shipwrecks are a bell from the SS Rex and a lifebuoy used by one of the survivors of the RMS Lusitania.
Located on the third floor of the museum, the Shipowners' Hall was opened on 2 March 2017; it tells the story of Genoa and its port through its protagonists: the shipowners.
The museum attracts many school field trips, and its proximity to Genova Principe train station and Darsena metro stop making it conveniently accessible.
Since 26 September 2009, the diesel-electric submarine Nazario Sauro (S 518), launched in 1976 by Fincantieri di Monfalcone shipbuilders, has been moored at the dock in front of the Museo del mare.
Intended by the Italian Navy to serve the municipality of Genoa, it has been used since 29 May 2010 as a floating annex to the museum.
He was the ruler until September 1749 when the king of Travancore Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma was excommunicated by Neerazi Palace at the Battle of Changanassery.
Goda Varman (crown prince of Thekkumkur) and Marthanda Varma of Travancore were classmates at Madurai when they were studying of Rajyadharma.
Meanwhile, when Marthanda Varma seized Kayamkulam and Chempakassery, Aditya Varma realized that they were the next victims and sent his brother to Thiruvananthapuram for an unconditional peace mission and met Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma of Travancore and requested help.
Unfortunately, Marthanda Varma asked Goda Varman, to promise that he would be in power if he helped to oust king Adithya Varman.
The crown prince Goda Varman decided to leave, boarded the boat and headed north; Marthanda Varma gave him some gifts for Thekkumkur king Aditya Varma Manikandan On the way, he descended on Anchuthengu Fort and received eleven ritual fire by the British authorities.
The Vazhappally Pathillathil Potimar (administrator of Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple) assisted the king Aditya Varman in the Neerazhi Palace and transferred him to Nattassery at Kottayam.
The Kannamperoor wooden bridge at Vazhappally was destroyed to prevent the Travancore troops from following them in the event of adverse weather.
Proceedings of September 11, 1749; On the 28th of the year Malayalam era 925 Chingam (September 11, 1749 AD), the capital of the Thekkumkur conquered by Ramayyan Dalawa and merged to Travancore kingdom.
Craigneach Castle was a tower house, about east of Carron, Strathspey, Moray, Scotland, and west of Charlestown of Aberlour , north of the River Spey.
Freeman is known for his work as a writer and editor for Chabad.org, and is notable for his work on the topics of Jewish mysticism and Jewish meditation.
Freeman was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, and became involved in New Age spirituality and practices before joining the Chabad movement in the mid-1970s.
His writing style is described as an attempt to blend Kabbalah and science fiction, using language from computer science to explain esoteric ideas.
Freeman's work includes both writings as well as multimedia productions on Jewish mysticism and spirituality, emphasizing the contemplative tradition of Chabad.
For Freeman, Judaism cannot be defined as a religion as that would imply a faith and a practice of separate individuals.
On the topic of antisemitism, Freeman argues that Orthodox communities must share their cultural wisdom with their non-Jewish neighbors which will enrich society in general and promote mutual respect and understanding for all communities.
The 14th Cortes Generales is the current meeting of the Cortes Generales, the national legislature of Spain, with the membership determined primarily by the results of the general election held on 10 November 2019.
At the election the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the largest party in the Senate, the upper house of the Cortes Generales, but fell short of a majority again.
The PSOE also remained the largest party in the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Cortes Generales, fell short of a majority again.
The new senate met for the first time on 3 December 2019 and after two rounds of voting Pilar Llop (PSOE) was elected as President of the Senate of Spain.
The new congress also met for the first time on 3 December 2019 and after two rounds of voting Meritxell Batet (PSOE) was elected as President of the Congress of Deputies with the support of the Unidos Podemos–En Comú Podem (UP–ECP) and various nationalist and regionalist parties.
The Sulfur Crisis of 1840 (also known as the Sulfur War of 1840 or Anglo-Neapolitan Sulfur Crisis) was a conflict between the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the United Kingdom.
The increasing British control and exploitation of the mining, refining, and transportation of the sulfur, coupled with the failure of this lucrative export to transform Sicily's backward and impoverished economy, led to the 'Sulfur Crisis' of 1840, when King Ferdinand II gave a monopoly of the sulfur industry to a French firm, violating an earlier 1816 trade agreement with Britain.
It has a wide range of end applications including in domestic acidic drain cleaners, as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, and in dehydrating a compound.
Until the invention of the Frasch process in 1891, the Sicilian method and deposits of sulfur in Sicily made up the vast majority of the world's sulfur production.
In 1816, a treaty between The Two Sicilies and Great Britain was signed that gave British merchants large concessions, such as a 10% bounty of customs on British goods, and gave British merchants a large advantage trading in Southern Italy.
In 1836, then King of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II, began negotiating with French merchants an agreement granting French merchants essential control over the sulfur trade.
The agreement immediately crippled sulfur imports to the United Kingdom which fell from 44,653 tons in 1838 to 22,160 tons in 1839.
Ferdinand II resisted Palmerston's efforts, arguing that both agreements were comparable, and recognizing that the new agreement could be highly profitable for his kingdom.
It was further impractical for Ferdinand II to cancel the contract because Taix and Aycard intended to claim £666,000 in compensation, a price that the kingdom would be hard pressed to pay.
In mid-March, the British warned that if their wishes were not met, they would establish a blockade and begin seizing merchant ships of the Sicilies.
In contrast to Metternich's efforts to negotiate, which were rejected, a similar French offer by Adolphe Thiers was accepted by the British on 10 April and the Sicilians on 26 April.
The bottom two teams from pool A and B, play in a new group, pool C, against the teams they did not play against in the group stage.
The top two teams from pool A and B, will also play in a new group, pool D, where they play the teams they did not play against in the group stage to determine the winner.
All points from pools A and B will be taken over in pools C and D. The top two teams will be promoted to the 2022 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Nations Championship.
Matherdighi is a village and a gram panchayat in the Canning II CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India.
The area (shown in the map alongside) borders on the Sundarbans National Park and a major portion of it is a part of the Sundarbans settlements.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Matherdighi had a total population of 13,523, of which 6,836 (51%) were males and 6,688 (49%) were females.
A stretch of a local road links Matherdighi to the State Highway 3 (locally popular as the Basanti Highway) at Sorberia.
The 2020 World Para Athletics European Championships is an upcoming track and field competition for athletes with a disability open to International Paralympic Committee (IPC) affiliated countries within Europe.
This will be the 7th edition of the event and it is scheduled to be held between 3 and 7 June 2020.
Indian Arrows was formed in 2010 on the behest on then Indian team coach, Bob Houghton, with the main goal of nurturing young talent in India in the hope of qualifying for 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.
It was revived again for 2017–18 season and fielded the team in 2017-18 I-League after the successful hosting of 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup to give more game time to U-17 world cup players and best talent from U-19 players who recently played in 2018 AFC U-19 Championship qualification.
Indian Arrows ended their I-League campaign on 27 February 2018 finishing last in the league but will not be relegated since it was formed as development side by AIFF.
Although after their I-League season, they were successful in reaching Super Cup 2019 edition's round of 16 defeating Kerala Blasters by 2-0 margin.
On 28 November 2017, AIFF announced squad for this season, consisting mostly of U-17 World-Cup players and some U-19 national players.
Her mother Rizza is a 1985 Southeast Asian Games bronze medalist in the 100-meter backstroke and also the current Chief financial officer of Globe Telecom.
Alexandra Eala was named the 2019 Milo Junior Athlete of the Year in the San Miguel Corp.-Philippine Sportswriters Association (PSA) Annual Awards Night.
She entered the prestigious Les Petit As 14-and-under tournament in 2018 at the age of 12 and won the finals against Linda Nosková.
Eala made history with her maiden juniors Grand Slam title with Indonesian partner Priska Madelyn Nugroho in the 2020 Australian Open juniors doubles tournament on Friday, January 31 in Melbourne Park.
Eala and Nugroho swept the European duo of Slovenia's Ziva Falkner and Britain's Matilda Mutavdzic, 6–1, 6–2, to win the championship.
The men's 56 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 13 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
Jordan entered one jumping rider into the Olympic competition by finishing in the top two, outside the group selection, of the individual FEI Olympic Rankings for Group F (Africa and Middle East), marking the country's recurrence to the sport after an eight-year absence.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Argeș (known as Liga Fortuna Sports for sponsorship reasons) is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Argeș, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
He joined the army at 18, and fought in France, and at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, with the 51st, Second West York, King's Own Light Infantry.
In 1822 he visited Ireland for the wedding of a friend, where he met Angelina Ridgeway and married her, she was instrumental in his conversion to evangelical protestantism.
Krause served as chaplain in the Bethesda Chapel, Dublin, from 1840 until his death in 1852, many of his sermons were published after his death) He resided near the church at 45 Domnick Street.
Among those who attended his sermons and were influenced by Krause were John Pentland Mahaffy who became provost of Trinity College and Rev.
The suggestion that he may have been the Master Jean involved at Yverdon Castle would make him the father of renowned castle builder Master James of Saint George.
This English influence – that of Canterbury especially – which appears, according to Bony, through the elevation and proportions of the choir of Lausanne, the pillars of larger and smaller double columns, capitals with cross abacus, the fenestration of the passageway, etc.
we would be tempted to see it also in Lausanne in other parts of the building: in the plan of the cathedral and in the great primitive entrance.
The plan of the transept offers indeed, with its chapel wide open on the ground floor of the towers, the beginning of an oriental aisle, typical of English Gothic where the Cistercian influence strong reset (Durham, Salisbury, Lincoln , Beverley Minster, Rochester etc.
From 1236 Jean Cotereel had two roles, the aforesaid magister operacionis Lausannensis and castellanus sancti Prothasii – Master of the Lausanne works and Castellan of Saint-Prex.
The group was founded by Manuel Martínez (vocals), Miguel Galán (guitar), José Antonio Molina (drums), Manuel Molina (bass), and Pablo Rabadán (keyboards).
In their early years they were part of the Andalusian rock scene from the 70s, influenced by acts like Deep Purple, Pink Floyd, Triana, and Uriah Heep, among others.
The line-up has changed several times through the years, though the band is still recording and touring through Spain, with frontman Manuel Martínez standing as the only original member.
is a 1955 Italian melodrama film directed by Roberto Bianchi Montero and starring Tamara Lees, Andrea Checchi and Giorgio De Lullo.
Adnan Iqbal Chaudhry (born 15 December 1971) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Sindh High Court since 6 February 2018.
Fischer studied piano at the University of the Arts Bern, which he completed in 1935 with a diploma under Franz Josef Hirt.
In addition, he was an honorary member of numerous scientific societies and president of the International Musicological Society from 1967 to 1972.
He has corresponded with many famous personalities of the 20th century, including Inge Borkh, Alfred Cortot, György Ligeti, Arvo Pärt, Sándor Veress, Wladimir Vogel and Jean Ziegler.
Fischer, who married the pianist Esther Aerni in 1940, died on 27 November 2003 at the age of 90 in Bern.
Fischer's main areas of research were the Ars nova of the 14th century, the history of the Passions composition as well as variation and the work of Ludwig van Beethoven.
During the Triassic, a southward-directed subduction along its northern margin resulted in the Jin-Shajing suture, the limit between it and the Songpan-Ganzi terrane.
The Qiantang terrane is now located at above sea level, but the timing of this uplift remains debated, with estimates ranging from the Pliocene-Pleistocene (3–5 ) to the Eocene (35 Mya) when the plateau was first denudated.
Mall Molesworth and Emily Hood Westacott claimed their second domestic title by defeating Joan Hartigan and Midge Van Ryn 6–3, 6–3 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1933 Australian Championships.
In 1941, the actor S. J. Warmington who lived at number 39, died when his neighbourhood was showered with incendiary bombs, after he went out to help extinguish fires and was killed when a high-explosive bomb fell.
A hinge bender, also called a hinge tweaker or hinge adjuster, is a hand tool for adjusting hinges, for instance on doors and windows on buildings or on cars.
A hinge bender can be used to straighten a door that is tilted sideways relative to the door frame, which tends to happen gradually with most doors over a long time period.
According to the Norwegian Standard NS 3424, it is expected that a house door needs adjustment every is every 2 to 8 years.
Tilted doors can be especially noticeable during the winter time, as doors tend to expand due to changes in humidity of the air.
The hinge bender is used by placing it onto the hinge and twisting the tool in the direction that one wishes to adjust the door panel.
If the tool instead is rotated away from the door, the opening between the hinge stile and casing will be increased.
Agha Faisal (born 8 November 1972) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Sindh High Court since 6 February 2018.
It was released in 2000 as the group's eighth and final single, and the second single from the album they expected to release later that year.
Crispy's breakup It was caused by the early death of the group's lead singer Mette Cristensen, who died days after the release of In & Out.
The video features crispy members as the owners of an academy, with Mads B.B Krog and Christian Møller as the club's attendant and also as their personal trainer along with Mette.
Santi Pietro e Tommaso is the Roman Catholic parish church in town of Montasola, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The church at the site was first commissioned in 1191 by Pope Celestine III, and was dependent on the Abbey of Farfa.
In the central niche of the apse is a wooden statue of the Virgin, standing beside on a St Antony and a cult statue of the Virgin.
The second altarpiece on the left has an altar dedicated to St Prospero, derived from the former church of San Antonino.
George was born in Blandford in Dorset and was educated at Talbot Heath School in Bournemouth and then studied sculpture in Paris under Antoine Bourdelle.
She exhibited sculptures and group compositions, often on the theme of motherhood, at the Royal Academy in London, with the Royal Society of British Sculptors, the Society of Women Artists and at the Leicester Galleries and the Goupil Gallery during the inter-war period.
The Victoria and Albert Museum in London, Salford Museum and Art Gallery and Manchester City Art Gallery all hold examples of her work.
The 2nd Army of the Yugoslav Partisans was a Partisan army that operated in Yugoslavia during the last months of the Second World War.
The Army was first formed from the units of the Southern Operational Group of Divisions : the 14th Corps (23rd Serbian, 25th Serbian and 45th Serbian divisions) and the 1st Army Group (17th Eastern Bosnian and 28th Slavonian divisions).
Until April 1945, it operated in Northern Bosnia, between the 1st Army (north of the Sava) and the 4th Army (in Lika).
In the final offensive for the liberation of Yugoslavia, it liberated a large part of Central and Western Bosnia and part of Croatia.
It participated in the liberation of Zagreb on May 8 and part of Slovenia, where at the end of the war it captured a considerable number of enemy units, including the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen and 373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division.
The 2019 Rochford District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of Rochford District Council in England.
Santa Maria Murella is a Roman Catholic church located just outside of the town of Montasola, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The first construction was likely in the 12th-century, although inscription on the facade date to the 14th-century; the building served as parish church a that time.
The Da-Qing Jinbi (Traditional Chinese: 大清金幣) was the name of a unissued series of gold coins produced under the reign of the Guangxu Emperor.
These coins were produced in the scenario that the government of the Manchu Qing dynasty would adopt the gold standard, as was common in most of the world at the time.
During this the Qing dynasty era, the Chinese coinage system was based on a bimetallic system of copper and silver and these proposed coins would have also introduced gold coinage to China.
However, only a small number of trial coins were produced in the years 1906 and 1907, despite the production these pattern coins the Da-Qing Jinbi did not ever see any circulation.
The Qing dynasty used a bimetallic currency system based on silver sycees and cast copper-alloy cash coins and during the 19th century modern machine-struck coinage from the Western world inspired the local production of milled coinages by provincial governments.
The first of these being provincial issues of the Guangxu Yuanbao (光緒元寶) which would later inspire the government of the Qing dynasty to standardise its currency nationwide due to the different weights and standards being used across China.
During the later years of the Manchu Qing dynasty, the coinage system was scattered with central government-made coins, local coins and some foreign currencies circulating together in the private sector of China, resulting in a great deal of currency confusion, this has made both fiscal and financial management in China quite difficult.
In an attempt to bring order to this chaos some people such as Chen Zhi started advocating for China to place its currency on the gold standard.
The reformer Liang Qichao campaigned for the government of the Qing dynasty to emulate the Western world and Japan by embracing the gold standard, unify refractory the currencies of China, and issue government-backed banknotes with a ⅓ metallic reserve.
Only a small number of trial coins with this inscription were ever cast that were not meant for general circulation as the gold reserves of the Qing dynasty proved insufficient.
These coins weighed 1 Kuping Tael and were cast in the years Guangxu 32 (1906) and Guangxu 33 (1907) and featured a design of a Chinese dragon on one side and the inscription on the other with the year of casting shown in Chinese cyclical years.
Because of the scarce production of these coins, Da-Qing Jinbi coins have been sold at auctions at high prices, during the 2010s a 1907 Da-Qing Jinbi was estimated to be worth between $80,000 and $100,000.
The house was built in 1908 for the Churchill family, which used the last name Kirschberger at the time but later changed it due to anti-German sentiment during World War I.
Architect Alfred S. Alschuler, who was also known for his work on skyscrapers and industrial buildings in Chicago, designed the house.
The two-story house has a stucco exterior, an entrance flanked by columns and latticework, and a Palladian window above the entrance.
The latter won the competition for the first time in its history by winning on penalties (4-3) after the match ended 1-1.
That match, the stadium's stands were sold out despite the fact that both teams hail from Baghdad (177 km from Al Kut).
Giovanni Lorenzo Forcieri (born 24 March 1949) is an Italian politician who was elected to the Italian Senate in the 1992, 1994, 1996 and 2001 general election representing left-wing parties.
San Giovanni Evangelista is a Romanesque-style Roman Catholic parish church located in the small town of Vacone, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
A church at the site was built in the 12th century, and underwent a number of refurbishments including a major one in 1539.
The Main altarpiece is a triptych attributed to Antoniazzo Romano, depicting the saints John the Evangelist flanked by the Apostle Paul and Proto-martyr St Stephen.
In 1940, the team moved from Cluj to Sibiu as a result of the Second Vienna Award, when the northern part of Transylvania was ceded to Hungary.
Carry is an English and German feminine given name, nickname and surname, which serves as an alternate form of Carrie and a diminutive form of several names including Carola, Carol, Carlotta, Carolin, Carolina and Caroline.
In 2017, the establishment was threatened with removal to accommodate North East Lincolnshire Council plans to build a cinema complex in Grimsby town centre.
A petition to save the Barge attracted almost 8,500 signatures, and it was subsequently announced that it would be remaining in its current position.
Ece Çeşmioğlu (born 26 November 1990) is a Turkish actress who started her acting career at the age of 12 in Çocuklar Duymasın.
It includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.
The Scotland international team was due to play its English counterparts on 8 March 1876; hence the East v West district match was to be held on Saturday 26 February 1876.
The first East of Scotland District v West of Scotland District trial match ended in a draw; it was noted that both sides had to touch down the ball once behind their own goal-line to prevent the other side scoring.
The 2020 Central American Cricket Championship is a cricket tournament scheduled to be held in Belize from 17 – 19 April 2020.
The event was originally to be held in Panama, but the venue was changed in January 2020 after Panama withdrew from hosting.
It will be the eighth edition of the Central American Championship and the second since the ICC granted Twenty20 International (T20I) status to matches between all of its Members.
El Salvador and Guatemala are not currently Associate Members of the ICC and so their matches will not have T20I status.
Since John died on 9 February 782 and the earliest surviving act of Ratpert's successor, Waldo, dates to 8 November 782, the abbacy of Ratpert must have lasted from February to November at the most.
Trinity Church, Dublin also called the Protestant Episcopal Church, was a Church of Ireland church begun in 1838 but opened in 1839 in Gardiner Street Dublin.
It was designed by Frederick Darley who designed many buildings in Trinity College Dublin, the church would have accommodated 1,800 people.
George Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle, attended services in the Church as did the future provost of Trinity College John Pentland Mahaffy.
In the 2000's it reverted to being a church used by a non-denominational Christian group, renamed itself The Trinity Church Network.
Her father was a land agent and third son of Revd Sir Algernon Coote, 11th Baronet, clergyman, and landowner, of Ballyfin House, Mountrath, County Laois.
Orlando Coote was most likely educated in England, and was a keen sportsman and was involved in early sports administration in Ireland and Britain in the late 19th century.
He was a founder member of the Athlone Association Football Club, a soccer club in Castlerea, County Roscommon, and the Athlone Garden Vale Hockey Club.
She was a member of the Garden Vale Tennis and Croquet Club in Athlone, winning the South of Ireland croquet championship in 1901 and 1902.
She defeated Lily Gower in 1904, at the time Gower was considered to be the best croquet player, male or female.
Her game playing form was at times brilliant but often erratic, allowing for more consistent players like Gower to dominate the competitions.
Indian Arrows was formed in 2010 on the behest on then Indian team coach, Bob Houghton, with the main goal of nurturing young talent in India in the hope of qualifying for 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.
Shanmugam Venkatesh was appointed as head coach replacing Floyd Pinto in order to have smoother transition between national team and the youth team.
Gebauer at Halle and edited first by Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch (from 1774 to 1778) and later by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (from 1779 to 1802).
Lolapps merged with game publisher 6waves in 2011 which made the merged entity 6waves Lolapps the second largest game publisher on Facebook measured by monthly active users after Zynga.
Sethi became Chief Product Officer in 6waves Lolapps, which went on to raise $35 million in funding from Korean gaming company Nexon.
In 2012, 6waves Lolapps laid off most of its development team and Sethi left to join venture capital firm Social Capital as an entrepreneur in residence.
Yahoo acquired MessageMe in 2014 for a price between $30 million and $40 million, shut down the app MessageMe, and put Sethi and the ex-MessageMe team to work on a Yahoo messaging app meant to compete with Snapchat and WhatsApp.
Yahoo's acquisition of MessageMe was part of CEO Marissa Mayer's larger strategy to bring in new talent via small startup acquisitions.
At Social Capital, Sethi backed the firm's investments in and served on the board of directors of Carta, Relativity Space, Cover, and CryptoMove.
In 2018, three former Social Capital investing partners, Sethi, Ted Maidenberg and Jonathan Hsu left to form Tribe Capital with $200 million targeted for its first fund.
All Mad About Him (French: Toutes folles de lui) is a 1967 French-Italian comedy film directed by Norbert Carbonnaux and starring Robert Hirsch, Sophie Desmarets and Maria Latour.
Kalle Östman (born 20 May 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player currently playing for Djurgårdens IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).
Scott McEachin (born December 12, 1951) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 67th district from 2016 to 2018.
For his commitment to contemporary French music, the French government honoured him in 1927 with the Ordre des Palmes académiques, in 1948 with the title of Knight of the Legion of Honour and in 1957 with the title of Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Stanislas Bonn (1833-1888) was a furniture merchant who quickly adapted to the industrialized methods of production during the mid-nineteenth century, and opened a furniture store in Luxembourg in 1855.
Originally, his business was located in the suburbs, but he soon relocated to larger, more centrally located premises on the Philippsgasse (also called the Rue Philippe II).
The Nazis seized the building during World War II, but the Lazard family reclaimed possession of the business and building afterwards.
In the latter renovation the original structure was integrated with the houses neighboring it to both the left and right; a section called Carré Bonn housing offices was created on the upper floors, while the lower 3 levels are reserved for the furniture and decor business showroom.
It was originally built by the Commissioners for Lighting the West Division of Southwark at the southern end of London Bridge in 1854.
It was intended as a memorial to the recently deceased Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, though funds proved insufficient to provide a statue of the man at the top of the tower, as had been originally intended.
Within 10 years the structure was overshadowed by the construction of nearby railway structures and became an obstruction to traffic using the bridge.
Later owners removed the spire in 1904, though the structure remains a prominent landmark in the town and was granted grade II protection as a listed building in 1952.
The Wellington clock tower was constructed as a memorial to the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, the former British Army general and politician who died in 1852.
It was funded by a public subscription and contributions from railway companies organised by the Commissioners for Lighting the West Division of Southwark.
A design was drawn up by the Arthur Ashpitel in the Perpendicular Gothic style (the Gothic Revival was popular in English architecture of this period).
The lower two levels were enclosed by walls and the uppermost level, within which a statue of Wellington was to stand, left open.
One face of the lowest (ground) level contained a door with an ogee canopy, the other three faces contained a single arch window in the centre.
The second level (first floor) had an arched window on each face, above which were circular apertures for the clock faces, surmounted by crocketted gables.
The uppermost level comprised four piers (one at each corner of the structure) atop which are trefoil cusped arches which supported a spire.
The structure is buttressed in the double angled style in which a buttress support stands on either side of the external corners (making eight in total).
The tower was to be sited at the end southern end of London Bridge and the foundation stone was laid on 17 June 1854 by T. B. Simpson, treasurer to the Commissioners.
The clock in the tower had been made by Bennett of Blackheath for the 1851 Great Exhibition and Bennett promised to maintain the clock for the remainder of his life.
The tower was overshadowed by the construction of the Charing Cross to London Bridge railway and the 1863 Waterloo East viaduct, which detracted from its aesthetic.
It was later condemned by the Metropolitan Police as an obstruction to traffic using the bridge and it was demolished in 1867.
The barges required ballast to stabilise them for the return journey and Burt used material salvaged from buildings demolished in the capital, re-erecting many of them in his hometown.
Even today, many of the Swanage's traffic bollards and lamp posts were originally used in London and the façade of its town hall was originally Christopher Wren's 17th-century Mercers' Hall.
He commemorated the completion of the work by having his initials and the year engraved on the base of the tower, which are still visible today.
The spire was removed in 1904 for unknown reasons, possibly due to storm damage and possibly because the then owners - who were fervent Christians - found it sacrilegious.
A photographic survey and condition report of the structure was carried out in September 2015 to serve as a baseline and to assist in identifying any structural problems.
Moderately to much branched usually laxly cushion-like herb with elliptic, somewhat succulent leaves and usually solitary terminal pale blue to blue flowers.
Once development of the second season started, Shiotani said the new episodes are more difficult to make than those in the first season.
Shiotani wanted to create the film in collaboration with the staff who had worked on season one of the series, and with character designer Naoyuki Onda and art director Shuichi Kusamori, who also worked on the series.
Urobuchi believed the ideal sequel would be a film rather than a television series but wanted to stay true to the roots of the original series.
Robert Othello Hickman (Monticello, Utah September 27, 1926–May 10, 2019) was a Seattle-area pediatric nephrologist and inventor of the Hickman catheter.
He served in the U.S. Air Force in the mid-1940s and married Lucy Jean Whitesides before going on to receive his medical degree from the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
He was part of a team that put the first patient in the world on kidney dialysis and broke ground developing catheters and shunts.
The Hickman catheter is currently used to deliver medication sub-cutaneously, particularly to cancer patients, as well as for the withdrawal of blood for analysis.
Seven years later, he took a second sabbatical as the doctor for the Brigham Young University Jerusalem Center, administering to about 800 students.
JSON Feed is a Web feed file format for Web syndication in JSON instead of XML as used by RSS and Atom.
Shipbrook Castle near Davenham in Cheshire was a Norman castle situated beside the River Dane, the exact site of which is now unknown.
The site of the Norman Shipbrook Castle by the River Dane is indicated by the name of Castle Hill, between Shipbrook Bridge and Shipbrook Hill Farm, but no traces now remain.
William de Vernon arrived in England at the time of the Norman conquest and was granted lands in the County Palatine of Chester under the patronage of Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester.
Warine Vernon, elder son of the 4th Baron, had no male heir and his extensive estate was divided between his daughters and his brother Ralph, Rector of Hanwell.
The Barony expired when his grandson Sir Richard, was captured after the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and executed for treason.
Branches of the family flourished and its influence spread beyond Cheshire over the following centuries, partly as a result of judicious intermarriage.
In 1777 Francis Vernon, 1st Earl of Shipbrook (1715 – 15 October 1783), was created Earl of Shipbrook, in the Peerage of Ireland.
Samnapur was a railway station of the Satpura narrow gauge () railway, today part of Nagpur railway division of South East Central Railway zone.
In October 2015 all narrow gauge network in Nagpur division (622 km), was closed for gauge conversion, except Nagpur – Naghbir line.
The approval of the gauge conversion works have been envolved in controversy, since the Union's environment ministry authorized the construction works in Balaghat-Nainpur section (77 km), which passes through Kanha - Pench tiger corridor.
As of January 2020, a small stretch of 25 km remains closed for conversion, from Samnapur to Lamta station (25 km).
Its first documented resident was C. S. Soule, the pastor at the Highland Park Presbyterian Church and a professor at the Highland Hall women's school; Soule lived in the house from 1880 to 1886.
The property originally had a barn behind the house; this was demolished in 1978, and an attached two-car garage was added the following year.
It is located at , at the intersection of Ohio State Route 4 and Country Home Road, just north of Marysville.
The men's 60 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 14 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
Rosalind Gersten Jacobs (June 9, 1925 – December 21, 2019) was an American fashion buyer, retail executive, merchandise and marketing consultant, art collector, and patron of the arts.
Along with her husband Melvin Jacobs, she built relationships with key artists from the Dada and Surrealist movements during the 1950s and 1960s and assembled a rare and notable collection of their works.
Born in Manhattan, New York City, to Ida (née Goldstein) and Mark Gersten, Rosalind Gersten was the second of three children.
She had a distinguished twenty-four year career as a pioneering retail buyer for Macy's, during which she built lasting relationships with artists whose work would form the core of a celebrated art collection.
Gersten Jacobs was widowed in 1993, when her husband died months after his retirement as chairman and chief executive of Saks Fifth Avenue.
After being accepted into the Macy’s training program in 1949, Gersten quickly became the head buyer for Macy’s Little Shop boutique at the New York City flagship store and was later promoted to vice president and fashion director for Macy's nationwide.
Among her accomplishments in that capacity was the 1968 orchestration at the New York City store of the first comprehensive exhibition in the city of the 1960's generation of British artists.
Over her twenty-four years with Macy's, she travelled to Europe numerous times and acquired items both commercially for Macy's Little Shop boutique and personally for her art collection.
When the family relocated to Miami in 1972, Gersten Jacobs commuted to New York for work until retiring from Macy's in 1975.
Shortly before embarking on her first overseas buying trip for Macy's, in 1954, she met American artists and art patrons Noma and William Copley who were visiting New York from their French home.
As a result of that encounter, the Copleys would become lifelong friends, introducing her to the avant-garde circle of artists whose works she would go on to collect and whose friendships would greatly impact her life.
She made frequent visits to their villa in Longpont, which had become a central gathering place in postwar France for a community of Surrealists to reunite after their dispersal during the war.
On her 1954 buying trip to Paris, the Copleys introduced Gersten Jacobs to the American artist Man Ray and his wife Juliet.
She developed a lifelong friendship with the couple, who—along with the Copleys—would provide entrée to a circle of artists who had been instrumental in the Dada and Surrealist movements during the interwar period.
On a subsequent trip to Paris in 1955, Gersten Jacobs met and befriended the American photographer Lee Miller and British Surrealist Roland Penrose.
The hospitality the couple extended during her frequent visits to their Farley Farm House in Chiddingly, East Sussex, which had became a sort of artists' Mecca, were reciprocated in their visits to the Jacobs's home in New York City.
The print of Miller's 1930 portrait of Charlie Chaplin in the Jacobs's collection was acquired as a result of that friendship.
Although Magritte would remain an artist of great interest—six additional works in various mediums would be added to the burgeoning assembly over the next several years—the artist whose work would ultimately define the collection was Man Ray.
One of twenty paintings in the Shakespearean Equations series the artist produced while living in Hollywood, the work had been among those featured in the Man Ray exhibition at Copley’s gallery in 1948.
Over their years of friendship with the artist, the Jacobses acquired more than fifty works to include photographs, paintings, assemblages, prints, objects, and jewelry representing a trajectory of the artist’s career, as well as a selection of memorabilia.
Interest in supporting artists such as Man Ray during financially precarious periods in the artists’ lives was an impetus behind many of the Jacobs’s acquisitions.
Over a number of years they acquired eleven of his rayographs and additional photographic prints dating from the 1920s to the 1960s.
Immediately after encountering the work at the artist’s exhibition at the Bibliothéque Nationale in Paris in 1962 and recognizing its witty layering of meaning, Gersten Jacobs set out to acquire it.
Embraced as members of an extended family centered around Man Ray and Juliet and the Copleys, the Jacobses would also build lasting friendships with artists Magritte, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Dorothea Tanning, and dealers Julien Levy, Alexander Iolas, acquiring works directly from them.
Other artists from the Dada and Surrealist movements represented in their collection include Hans Bellmer, Salvador Dali, Roberto Matta, Francis Picabia, Joseph Cornell, Mina Loy, Leon Kelly, Yves Tanguy, Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schultze), and Paul Delvaux.
Additionally, Roz was drawn to the jewelry artists were making, acquiring striking pieces at the intersection of her interests in fashion and art.
Her jewelry collection grew to include brooches, bracelets, rings, earrings and other accessories not only by Man Ray but also Pablo Picasso, Matta, Ernst, Claude Lalanne, Roy Lichtenstein, Niki de Saint Phalle, and, especially, Noma Copley.
The Jacobses were able to assemble their unique collection due to their privileged position within the international art community, and it was a unique chapter in the collection of modern art.
Rosalind and Melvin Jacobs continued to collect into the 1970s and ‘80s, adding works by younger artists they felt resonated with the Surrealists.
After the family moved to Miami in 1972, Gersten Jacobs served on the Board of Governors during the formative period in the development of what subsequently became the Perez Art Museum.
The couple's visit to Duchamp at his Manhattan apartment was followed in 1957 by a house call by the artist to consult about one his pieces in their collection they feared had been damaged.
In addition to continued visits with Man Ray and Juliet and Miller and Penrose on both sides of the ocean, Gersten Jacobs organized a surprise birthday party for Juliet Man Ray in 1971 at La Méditerranée Restaurant in Paris, inviting Ernst and Tanning to join them.
In her later life Gersten Jacobs remained active in support of the arts and served on the board of several organizations including The Merce Cunningham Dance Foundation, Learning Through Art (Guggenheim Museum's Children's Program), and the Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami.
Exhibitions featuring their art collection were mounted at Miami’s Museum of Contemporary Art in 2000 and at the Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York City in 2009.
He was a son of the builder and architect Frederick Darley Senior, his father Alderman Darley served as Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1808-09.
The project has lasted for over six years, and Pedersen had, as of January 2020, visited 194 of the planned 203 nations.
The family moved to Vancouver, Canada, then to Toronto, Canada, and after that to New Jersey, USA over a period of six years, before returning to Denmark in 1984 where he spent his childhood growing up in Kerteminde and Bryrup before entering business school at Silkeborg Handelsskole, Silkeborg.
Pedersen graduated as a merchant student in 1998 and was drafted to the military later the same year, serving as a royal life guard at the royal palaces throughout Denmark.
Follwoing an education in shipping and logistic the Dane worked several years abroad in Libya, Bangladesh, Kazahkstan, Azerbaijan, the United States and other countries.
In 2013, Pedersen began planning a project which aimed at visiting every country in the world in a single unbroken journey explicitly without the use of air transport.. Graham Hughes holds the world record of fastest visiting all countries by public surface transport, according to Guinness World Records.
Hughes was however permitted to fly home to Britain twice during his journey, as long as he returned to the same airport in order to continue his journey.
To visit every country in the world, in one single journey, without catching a single flight is something that has never been done before.
Through the project Pedersen intends to reach every country without flying, while promoting every country and the world in a positive way.
Soon after Pedersen crossed into Germany by train and had, in January 2020, reached 193 of the intended 203 countries on all six inhabited continents without returning home.
He is expected to complete the project and return to Denmark again in 2020 after visiting his last country, the Maldives, in October 2020.
Built in 1893, the house is the first of two homes built for steel magnate Ross J. Beatty in Highland Park.
On the sub-vertical cliffs near the summit and on the SW ridge of MOnte Mongioie can be noticed blackish schistose limestones, fine-grained grey dolomias and red and yellow shists.
Michael Wayne Kinlaw (born 1973) is an American mortgage broker and politician from Texas who was a Republican candidate for the 2016 United States presidential election.
A shower will produce rain if the temperature is above the freezing point in the cloud, or snow/ice pellets/snow pellets if the temperature is below it at some point.
Convection occurs when the Earth's surface, especially within a conditionally unstable or moist atmosphere, becomes heated more than its surroundings and in turn leading to significant evaporation.
The raised air parcel in a colder environment at altitude will cool but according to the adiabatic thermal gradient forming clouds, and later precipitation above the lifted condensation level (LCL).
Depending of the Convective available potential energy (CAPE) available, the clouds will be cumulus humilis, cumulus mediocris and then cumulus congestus, the latter giving short-lived precipitation of rain, snow or ice pellets changing in intensity, i.e.
The life cycle of these clouds is fast because the updraft which forms them is most often cut-of by the descent of precipitation.
If the convection is more intense, it leads to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds which have a very large vertical extension.
However they can be in-bedded into a continuous rain episode when there is presence of band of conditional symmetric instability in an otherwise stable air mass.
Rosemary Ferguson Dybwad (May 12, 1910 — November 3, 1992) was an American developmental disability advocate between the 1950s to 1990s.
Dybwad had previously worked as a case worker and at correctional facilities before she joined the National Association for Retarded Children in 1957.
From 1964 to 1967, Dybwad and her husband co-directed a project on intellectual disabilities for the International Union of Child Welfare.
Apart from the work with her husband, Dybwad joined the board of directors for the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicaps in 1966 and remained with the International League in 1978.
For her post-secondary education, Dybwad began her studies at the Western College for Women before completing a two-year fellowship at the University of Leipzig in 1933.
After attending the University of Indiana School of Social Work for a year, Dybwad received a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Hamburg in 1936.
While completing her education in the 1930s, Dybwad was a caseworker at a school before working at correctional facilities in Northeastern United States.
Upon her husband's appointment as director of the National Association for Retarded Children in 1957, Dybwad became the association's secretary of international correspondence that year and held the position until 1963.
Between 1964 to 1967, Dybwad worked at the International Union of Child Welfare and co-directed a project on intellectual disabilities with her husband.
During this time period, Dybwad joined the board of directors for the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicaps in 1966.
The large majority of methods are paired with short-read sequencing technologies, although some of them are compatible with long read sequencing.
The Ross J. Beatty House, also known as Halcyon Hall, is a historic house at 344 Ravine Drive in Highland Park, Illinois.
Built circa 1909, the house was the second of two homes built in Highland Park for steel magnate Ross J. Beatty.
Originally situated on a large lot, the house is a Tudor Revival-style mansion with a carriage house, greenhouse, and gazebo on its grounds.
The house's design includes a brick exterior, bas-relief stone carvings, decorative half-timbering, and a complex roof with several dormers and chimneys.
Bernard Zinman is a Canadian clinical and research endocrinologist, whose research at the University of Toronto focuses on type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
In 2019, he was appointed as an Officer to the Order of Canada in recognition of his scientific contributions, including the development of preventative therapies for diabetes.
He completed his medical degree at McGill University, with further training in internal medicine and endocrinology at McGill University and the University of Toronto.
During this time Zinman worked with Robert Hegele and Stewart Harris to identify the first diabetes-risk gene in an aboriginal population.
Zinman was one of three Canadian principal investigators leading the U.S.-Canada Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), which was launched in 1982 across 29 hospitals and universities; this large type 1 diabetes complications study set out to determine whether intensive or conventional treatment was more effective in tackling diabetic complications.
The DCCT provided evidence showing that maintaining blood glucose levels close to normal slows the onset and progression of diabetic complications, such as those found in the eye, kidneys, and nervous system.
Later on, in a long-term clinical trial consisting of over 7,000 adults in 42 countries with type 2 diabetes, Zinman demonstrated that empagliflozin treatment reduced the risk of death caused by cardiovascular disease by 38 percent.
Zinman is a Judy Pencer Family Chair in Diabetes Research, and was appointed as an Officer to the Order of Canada in 2019.
While studying at Oxford, Boswell played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against the Free Foresters at Oxford in 1912.
Boswell served in the British Army during the First World War, being commissioned as a second lieutenant with the Rifle Brigade in August 1914, with confirmation in the rank coming in January 1915.
In the fifth consecutive final appearance, Marjorie Crawford and Jack Crawford successfully defended their title for a third consecutive year by defeating Midge Van Ryn and Ellsworth Vines 3–6, 7–5, 13–11, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1933 Australian Championships.
Coronariae (literally a crown or garland) is a term used historically to refer to a group of flowering plants, generally including the lilies (Liliaceae), and later replaced by the order Liliales.
Subsequent authors such as Lindley (1853) preferred the term Liliales for a higher order (which Lindley called Alliances) with four similar families including Liliaceae.
Lotsy (1911) restored Liliales for the higher rank, an approach that has been adopted by every major classification system since, including Hutchinson (1973), Cronquist (1981), Takhtajan (1997), Thorne and Reveal (2007).
Padevětová competed at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished fourth with a score of 2405 points.
Dhamra Airport is a proposed to be built by the Dhamra Port Company Limited, 20 km from Dhamra Port in the Bhadrak district of Odisha, India.
In 2018, the Dhamara Port Company Limited (DPCL), run by the Adani Group, forwarded a proposal to the Odisha government to set up an airport to boost commercial activities near the Dhamra port.
In November 2018, the State Government signed a Memorandum of Understanding with DPCL for the development of a commercial airport over 500 acres at the cost of Rs.
Spark Alliance (also known as Spark Alliance HK) is an organization or individual which finances bail payments for persons arrested in connection with the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.
The account had been used to raise funds for Spark Alliance, which HSBC said was in violation of its terms of service.
The decision led to HSBC subsequently becoming a target of protesters, with several of its branches being vandalized and an online petition organized calling for the United States to block the bank from doing business in the U.S.
On December 19, 2019, the Hong Kong Police Force announced the seizure of HK$70 million in bank deposits linked to Spark Alliance and the arrest of several persons alleged connected to Spark Alliance on charges of money laundering.
Battling Buttler is a musical in three acts with music by Philip Braham and a book and lyrics by Stanley Brightman, Austin Melford and Douglas Furber, which opened in London in 1922.
It was then greatly revised by Walter L. Rosemont (music) and Ballard MacDonald (book and lyrics) and produced on Broadway in 1923 after tryouts in Detroit and Chicago.
The farcical story concerns a man who pretends to be a championship boxer whom he resembles, until the two men are confused with one another, with humorous results.
The musical was staged in America by Guy F. Bragdon, with dances arranged by Dave Bennett, and featured songs by Joseph Meyer, Adorjan Dorian Otvos and Louis Breau.
After Broadway, the show went on the road, including performances in Philadelphia at the Chestnut Street Opera House starting November 10, 1924, and in Wilmington, Delaware, starting December 22, 1924.
Alfred Buttler, who leads a quiet life in a small town in New Hampshire, somewhat resembles a welterweight boxing champion by the same name.
In the second act, his wife (and the chorus) follow him, and the real Battling Buttler, who likes the joke, insists that the fake Buttler take his place in the boxing ring.
When Alfred's wife runs into the boxer's wife, the two women assume that they are married to the same man, and farcical complications ensue.
During her career she exhibited paintings at the Royal Academy in London, with the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours, the Royal Institute of Oil Painters and with the Women's International Art Club.
several public Her works are held in collections including Brighton and Hove Museums and Art Galleries, Bushey Museum and Art Gallery and The Box, Plymouth.
This list of humanities awards is an index to articles about notable awards related to the humanities, academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture.
Anand Bakshi was the lyricist of this song and he won a Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist award for penning it.
Both of them remains sleepless night for the other, If one of them is in trouble, the other one feels troubled as well.
Although unpublished, it has had a significant impact on Bulgarian literature over the coming decades, with the genre of short didactic forms further developed by authors such as Petar Beron, Neofit Bozveli, Neofit Rilski, Rayno Popovich, Konstantin Ognyanovich.
The importance of the Shenandoah Valley for the emergence of a distinctive Southern shape-note singing tradition has been noted by many musicologists.
The curatorial focus is on the Kentucky Harmony (1816) and subsequent publications by Ananias Davisson, who lived in the Shenandoah Valley but cultivated a network of singing-school teachers and composers in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia.
Reflecting the vitality of the tradition as practiced today are dozens of new compositions by singers living at time of publication (2013).
In 2010, the del Re family of Boyce, Virginia, who had been singing from publications of Ananias Davisson for 25 years, were joined by other singers who reviewed thousands of nineteenth-century shape-note songs from over seventy sources, as well as new compositions.
The men's 1500 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 28 and 30 August 1989.
R. Mark Henkelman is a Canadian biophysics researcher in the field of medical imaging, now retired, who was appointed as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (2005) and the Order of Canada (2019) in recognition of his pioneering contributions to the field of magnetic resonance imaging.
Henkelman obtained a Master of Science degree in theoretical physics at McMaster University, followed by a PhD exploring the use of electron microscopy, under the supervision of Peter Ottensmeyer, at the University of Toronto.
The Ontario provincial government granted the Princess Margaret Hospital (now known as the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre) funding to purchase the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner in Canada in 1982, making Henkelman one of the first to use and engage in MRI research in Canada, where he studied MRI image artifacts and developed image-guided surgery techniques, and used MRI in disease settings, such as cancer and neurosurgery.
Henkelman then served as the vice-president of research at the Sunnybrook Health Science Centre before returning to the laboratory, and later in 2001, left to found a mouse imaging centre.
Today, Henkelman is the director of the Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics' (TCP) Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), where MICe uses digital imaging technologies to characterize mouse models of different human diseases.
For example, Henkelman supervised then postdoctoral fellow, Jacob Ellegood (now a research associate at MICe), who partnered with Jason P. Lerch (an associate professor at the University of Toronto, and a MICe principal investigator), to scan mice with magnetic resonance imaging, specifically those with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
He is a professor emeritus at the University of Toronto's Department of Medical Biophysics, and a senior scientist emeritus at The Hospital for Sick Children.
He has received the Robert L. Noble Prize in 2008, the Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Prize in 2010, the Gold Medal of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in 2005, and was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2005, and an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2019.
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 29 and 30 August 1989.
Shlok met Anurag Kashyap on the sets of the film who hired him as an Assistant Director for his 2007 film, No Smoking.
He worked with Kashyap on his next feature film Dev.D before joining as a Second Unit Director on Gangs of Wasseypur.
The film consisted of five short films out of which one, Sujata, was directed by him and consisted of a story of a young girl, who is struggling to come out of the clutches of her tormenting cousin brother.
His second feature film, Haraamkhor was shot in 2013 and explores the romance between a 14-year-old school student and her teacher.
The film premiered at the 15th New York Indian Film Festival and won the Silver Gateway of India trophy at the 17th MAMI Mumbai Film Festival but was denied a certificate by the Central Board of Film Certification.
During this time, he also created two more short films, R.I.P (Romance In Peace) for the storytelling platform Terribly Tiny Tales and Beautiful World for the news publication The Quint that featured his long time collaborator Shweta Tripathi who has acted in all his feature films.
To gain complete artistic control over his next film, Zoo, Shlok Sharma decided to shoot it with an IPhone 6S Plus and produced the film himself.
The film had its international premiere at the 2017 Busan International Film Festival and India premiere at the 2017 MAMI Mumbai Film Festival.
The 2020–21 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between March and September 2020.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 men's matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
The Africa Qualifier will have two sub-regional groups, with the top two teams in each group progressing to the Regional Final.
The 2020 Missouri Tigers football team will represent The University of Missouri in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Tigers will play their home games at Faurot Field in Columbia, Missouri and compete in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
The Tigers finished the 2019 season 6–6, 3–5 in SEC play to finish in a tie for fourth place in the Eastern Division.
Head coach Barry Odom was fired on November 30, 2019 following an overall four-year record of 25–25 and SEC record of 13–19.
Since Trubek founded it as a membership-driven nonprofit in 2013, Belt Publishing has brought out essay collections, guidebooks, and fiction about the culture and landscapes of the Midwest, developing a reputation for combining a regional focus with political and intellectual seriousness and a sense of literary history.
Trubek's works are often concerned with the social history of widespread aspects of reading and writing, including the history of handwriting—she was an early advocate of phasing out the teaching of cursive—the emergence of paperback novels, and the trend toward making popular writers’ houses into museums.
In his fourteen matches, he scored a total of 272 runs at an average of 12.36 and with a high score of 38 not out.
With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 11 wickets at a bowling average of 64.90, with best figures of 2 for 53.
He also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricket team against the touring West Indians in 1974.
Botton continued to play cricket long after the conclusion of his brief first-class career, featuring for the Somerset Over-50s and Over-60s.
In 2013, Botton received a hip replacement and within ten months he was playing cricket once more, resulting in him being selected to play for the England Over-60s on their 2016 tour of Australia.
The Western Community Hospital is a health facility in William Macleod Way in the Shirley / Millbrook area of Southampton, Hampshire, England.
The facility has its origins in two houses on West Quay in Southampton which were acquired to create an isolation hospital in 1874.
At a meeting of the Local Board of Health later that year, concern was expressed about the ship being anchored off the point where children played on the beach.
These make-shift premises were replaced by a purpose-built facility on Mousehole Lane (now Oakley Road) in Shirley which opened as the Shirley Isolation Hospital in 1900.
This facility joined the National Health Service as the Southampton Chest Hospital and, after the need to treat patients with respiratory problems receded, the facility evolved during the 1960s to become the Southampton Western Hospital.
After the Southampton Western Hospital closed in 1985, a new facility for elderly people was created on the site in January 1996.
Additionally, a primary health centre was procured under a Private Finance Initiative contract: this building, which was built by Geoffrey Osborne Ltd at a cost £16 million immediately to the south west of the community hospital, opened as the Adelaide Health Centre (named after the old isolation ship) in January 2010.
She is Director and Dean of the Aleph Ordination Program and rabbi of the P'nai Or Jewish Renewal community located in West Mount Airy, Philadelphia.
Prager was the founding rabbi of a sister congregation, P'nai Or of Princeton, New Jersey, which she served for thirteen years.
In 1990, she also received the personal semikhah from Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi (Reb Zalman) with whom she would partner over the next 25 years to advance the Jewish Renewal movement.
Towards that end, she authored and edited the P’nai Or Siddur for Shabbat and Machzor for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur which are structured to support a deeper worship experience.
Many of the Hebrew prayers have been translated into English in a way they can be sung to the prayer's nusach (melody).
Partnering with Rabbi Shawn Zevit she co-directs The Davvenen' Leadership Training Institute (DLTI), a two-year training program for rabbis, cantors and lay leaders in the art of public prayer.
Prager has built Jewish inter-denominational and interfaith relationships, teaching classes in Jewish spirituality locally and at Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center as well as at Quaker Meetings including Pendle Hill, a Quaker residential study center.
Upon completing her rabbinic studies, she did additional training in individual, family and group psychotherapy in order to weave these skills into her rabbinate.
National Tertiary Route 906, is a road in the Nicoya peninsula located in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica, this route starts and ends at Route 150.
In late 2019 a pilot program with a new and cheaper asphalt paving procedure, using recycled materials, was put in place with initial tests over this gravel road.
The 2020–21 ICC Men's T20 World Cup East Asia-Pacific Qualifier is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between March and September 2020.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 mens' matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
The 2020–21 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between May and June 2020.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 mens' matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
The top team in each group will progress to the Regional Final, with the top two teams from the final progressing to one of the two Global Qualifiers.
On 28 January 2020, the ICC confirmed the teams and locations of the participants in the Europe Qualifier, with Finland hosting its first ever ICC event.
Group B is scheduled to take place from 24 to 30 June 2020 at the Kerava National Cricket Ground in Finland.
Group C is scheduled to take place from 10 to 16 June 2020 in Belgium at the Royal Brussels Cricket Club in Waterloo and the Belgian Oval in Ghent.
The 2020–21 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between March and September 2020.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 mens' matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
The Asia Qualifier will consist of Eastern and Western sub-regional groups, with the Western tournament scheduled to take place in Kuwait in April 2020.
National Tertiary Route 929, is a road in the Nicoya Peninsula located in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica, this route starts at Route 906 and ends at Puerto Humo, on the shores of Tempisque river.
In late 2019 a pilot program with a new and cheaper asphalt paving procedure, using recycled materials, was put in place with initial tests over this gravel road.
The 2020–21 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between March and September 2020.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 mens' matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
Wharton was involved in a legal dispute with film director John Cromwell and actress Kay Johnson when he tried to overcharge them for a house he designed for them in 1934; the couple won the lawsuit.
Sometime between 1450 and 1500 the seraphim in wreathes between the arches were added - Roberto Longhi attributes them to Cosimo Rosselli.
Romero signed with WWE in May 2016, having previously worked for Nickelodeon as a touring emcee, and for Walt Disney World and Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida, as a cast member.
He was given the ring name Mike Rome, and then worked as a ring announcer for the NXT brand on its Florida loop.
As part of WWE's online content, Rome would portray a delusional character who was sure he would be having dinner with Bliss.
On one occasion, Rome's voice gave out towards the end, resulting in McMahon and Roman Reigns visibly corpsing, as well as Michael Cole and Corey Graves making fun of him.
Samir Singh had just won the title off R-Truth for his third reign, and wanted Rome to announce him as the new champion, prodding him as he did so.
Instead, Rome rolled Samir up to win the title and was about to announce himself as the new champion, before Sunil Singh surprised him with a roll up to regain the title, also for his third reign.
The goal of the group that brought together more than two hundred thousand girls is how to act and solve social problems, and speak freely, and later turned into a livelihood for some girls from who started working in a field E-Marketing.
This is a list of the Austrian number-one singles and albums of 2020 as compiled by Ö3 Austria Top 40, the official chart provider of Austria.
He was an aircraft technician and a member of the famed group of World War II-era African-Americans known as the Tuskegee Airmen.
The group was scheduled to participate in the War in the Pacific, but the war ended before they could be deployed.
Ali Baqar Najafi (born 15 September 1963) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 16 April 2012.
The Son of Black Eagle (Italian: Il figlio di Aquila Nera) is a 1968 Italian historical adventure film directed by Guido Malatesta and starring Mimmo Palmara, Edwige Fenech and Franco Ressel.
San Michele Arcangelo is the Roman Catholic church in town of Montasola, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
A church at the site was likely present from early medieval times, and during some decades of the 20th-century, it shared parish functions with Santi Pietro e Tommaso.
It is said that Cimini discovered by chance a treasure of gold in his bakery in Rome, and this allowed him to endow this oratory.
The Fontevraud Gradual (often known as the Gradual of Eleanor of Brittany) is an illuminated manuscript containing the songs of the liturgical year, for the use of monks of the order of Fontevraud Abbey, mother house of the Order of Fontevraud.
Richard and Mary Rouse attribute the manuscript to one of the four artists who produced a glossy bible commissioned by Guy de La Tour du Pin, bishop of Clermont from 1250 to 1285.
In 1387, Pascal Hugonot, abbot of Saint-Pierre de la Couture in Le Mans donated the gradual to the collegiate church of Saint-Junien in Haute-Vienne.
Many miniatures, in the form of large historiated initials relate events of the life of Christ such as the Nativity, the Adoration of the Magi, and the Resurrection.
These are readings from the Mass in which the text of Scripture is provided, verse after verse, either with a Latin paraphrase or with a translation in the vernacular.
Bonilla is an expert in the pre-Colombian societies of Costa-Rica and Costa-Rican archaeology, cultural law and heritage more widely, in terms of both its tangible and intangible assets.
She has worked on producing a dictionary of archaeological artefacts from Costa Rica, putting indigenous artistry into context from pre-Colombian times to today.
She has studied the potential for the repatriation of over 16,000 artefacts collected by Minor Cooper Keith from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, including 5,000 artefacts acquired by the Brooklyn Museum in the 1930s.
In 2005, El Boyeo y la Carreta (the traditions of ox-herding and making ox-carts) were given UNESCO World Heritage Status (Intangible Heritage), based on a candidacy case prepared by Bonilla.
One of the first areas to be explored is Abangares inGuanacaste, where mineral extraction has been an important industry for two hundreds years and linked to global supply chains.
Companies invested in the area whose artefacts are in the archaeological record, included: Cyanide Plant Supply Company, London, England and National Manufacturing Company, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
Work on the lake was started in 1946, when land was deeded to the state for the purpose of building a lake.
He ran in Alta Vista Ward, which had been divided in half due to redistribution, with its incumbent Don Kay opting to run in Canterbury Ward instead.
MacDougall was elected as deputy mayor of Ottawa in a council vote on November 18, 1981, defeating Marlene Catterall in a 9-7 vote, and served a half-year term.
He ran on a platform on fixing infrastructure, recreation facilities for youth and the creation of a drop-in centre for senior citizens.
While sitting on council, MacDougall ran for the Liberal Party of Canada nomination in Ottawa—Carleton for the 1984 Canadian federal election.
The nomination meeting was held on August 1, 1984, and MacDougall finished third out of four candidates, winning 280 votes, behind winner Albert Roy's 1,072 votes and Eugene Bellemare's 476 votes.
In the late 1990s, he left his family practice and attended the University of Ottawa, and got a masters degree in health administration and also worked for the Ottawa Heart Institute.
MacDougall moved to Hanoi, Vietnam around 2000 to become chief medical officer for International SOS Hanoi, an organization designed to deliver medical services to expatriates.
Kosher.com is a food and lifestyle media company featuring kosher recipes, videos, and articles on their website and social media accounts.
The website is a platform for a collection of recipes that are reprinted from cookbooks, kosher food magazine archives, and original recipes from direct contributors, making it the most diverse collection of kosher-only recipes.
The site is especially known for its Jewish holiday recipe collections, especially its robust section of Passover recipes which meet the halachic criteria of kosher for Passover food, and includes other holidays like Rosh Hashanah and Hanukkah as well.
Kosher.com began by creating partnerships with Jewish media companies, including Artscroll, Mishpacha Magazine, Ami Magazine, and Binah Magazine, and putting their popular kosher recipes online for the first time, where anyone can access them..
Following the format of Food Fight, the show was a four-round elimination series, but took place in Oxnard, California in a kosher restaurant, and the competitors were men.
This decision got some criticism from journalists on Twitter, for featuring only men to the exclusion of women in contrast to the previous year.
Kosher.com has recipes contributed by well-known cookbook authors and chefs including Michael Solomonov, Deb Perelman, Einat Admony, Jamie Geller, Susie Fishbein, Chanie Apfelbaum, Janna Gur, Gil Marks, Joan Nathan, and Laura Frankel.
The women's 800 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 29 and 30 August 1989.
Born February 26, 1958 in Kyustendil, she graduated with a gold medal from the Sofia University, majoring in Bulgarian philology and Modern Greek language and literature.
Since May 10, 1999 she was the manager of the Antena Bulgaria media group, and since March 2001 – the chairman of Nova Television's board of directors, and since 2009 she was the chief television consultant and a member of the Board of Nova Broadcasting.
However, they soon involved Pierre Balthasar de Muralt, who soon became the principal person running the company, particularly after the review and the publishing house split.
At three weeks old, Atcheson was adopted by a Roman Catholic family in County Tyrone, where she attended St Patrick's Academy, Dungannon.
As a child she played computer games with her brother and she decided that she wanted to pursue a career in technology.
As an undergraduate student, only one in ten of her classmates were women, and Atcheson has worked since then to address this imbalance.
Since launching in 2013, Atcheson has taken their membership to over 8,000 members, over 1,000 of which belong to the Belfast branch.
Whilst at Deloitte, she won the Women in Tech Employer of the Year Award in the Women in Tech Employer Awards 2019.
He is a member of the African National Congress (ANC), though he was previously a member of the Democratic Alliance (DA), the New National Party (NNP) and the Labour Party (LP).
The ANC alleged that the dismissal of Bantom meant that Morkel stood to benefit due to his father serving as premier.
In February 2008, it became known that during Morkel's tenure as DA provincial chairperson, he allegedly offered a bribe to Independent Democrats councillor Sheval Arendse to defect to the DA.
The agreement between Arendse and Morkel was discussed before the Erasmus Commission of Inquiry into allegations of spying in the Cape Town City Council.
The Engineers finished the regular season with its fifth consecutive winning season, and the program's first ever season with ten wins.
They also played four non-conference games: the three originally scheduled being Worcester State of the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC), RPI of the Liberty League, and Husson of the Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC), plus Western Connecticut State (MASCAC) in the New England Bowl series.
Lowry was born in North East, New York on September 4, 1778, the son of Thomas Lowry and Phoebe (Benedict) Lowry.
The Lowry family (sometimes spelled Lowrey) moved to Jericho, Vermont in 1789, and after completing his education Lowry became a farmer in Jericho.
Lowry served as president of the 1836 state Democratic convention and was chosen as a member of the party's state committee.
Lowry was a delegate to the Democratic state convention in 1841, and president of the party's Chittenden County convention in 1842.
In November 1843, Lowry was one of several prominent Vermont Democrats who took part in an event at which the guest of honor was former Vice President Richard M. Johnson, who was campaigning for the party's 1844 presidential nomination.
With his first wife, Lowry was the father of daughter Lucy (1801-1854) who died as a resident of the state insane asylum in Brattleboro.
ODNR maintains a boat ramp, a sand beach area, changing booths and restrooms, picnic areas, shelter houses, as well as a hiking trial all along the southern end of the lakeshore.
This album features background vocals by James Taylor, Linda Ronstadt, Jackson Browne, Lyle Lovett, Phoebe Snow, David Lasley, Arnold McCuller and Kate Markowitz.
The Military Sexual Trauma Movement (MSTM) is a nonprofit organization founded by Janelle Marina Mendez in 2018 with the aim of protecting members of the United States Armed Forces from military sexual trauma (MST) and advocating for survivors of trauma.
The Military Sexual Trauma Movement seeks legislative and institutional reforms that would prevent sexual violence and harassment in the military, and create greater accountability for harassment within the military.
The Military Sexual Trauma Movement was founded in 2018 by Janelle Marina Mendez, a veteran of the United States Marine Corps, as a grassroots platform to combat the issue of sexual violence assault in the United States military.
Mendez currently serves as the CEO and chairwoman of the board of directors for MSTM, which is headquartered in Hudson Valley, New York.
The Facebook group was attacked by users from the closed Facebook group Marines United, which had been at the center of the United States Armed Forces nude photo scandal after it was revealed that Marines United was engaging in widespread revenge porn and sexual harassment.
The Military Sexual Trauma Movement has worked nationally to raise awareness and advocate for new legal reforms which would offer greater protections to members of the Armed Forces, including testifying before Congress.
Among the reforms sought by the MSTM are the extension of state benefits to veterans who experienced MST and were dishonorably discharged, and the legalization of medical cannabis use for veterans who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The Military Sexual Trauma Movement gathers evidence of sexual abuse and harassment, and reports incidents to the press and to military authorities.
On July 6, 2019, the Military Sexual Trauma Movement alerted the United States Marine Corps to a Facebook post in which Chief Warrant Officer 2 Kevin Ennett urged people to kill themselves if they objected to the presence of tanks at Donald Trump's controversial Salute to America event in Washington, D.C. Ennett was subsequently disciplined for the post by his chain of command, and made an apology on Twitter.
The Military Sexual Trauma Movement advocated for the No Bad Paper bill which would extend state benefits to veterans in New York State who were denied an honorable discharge because of discriminatory discharge policies.
The bill, authored by New York State Assemblywoman Didi Barrett, was signed into law as the Restoration of Honor Act by Governor Andrew Cuomo in 2019, and restored benefits eligibility to veterans who were dishonorably discharged due to their LGBTQ identity, or their having experienced military sexual trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or PTSD.
During the event, MSTM did a sit-in with Lisa Nolasco, MSTM's leader for Arizona, at Arizona Senator Martha McSally's office in Washington.
While in Washington, D.C., MSTM also engaged in demonstrations at the Russell Rotunda, the Capitol building, and the U.S. Marine Corps Commandant's house.
Several volunteers who had accompanied MSTM to the event later sued the organization, claiming that photos of the event used on MSTM's website were their copyright.
The 2019–20 Conference USA men's basketball season began with practices in October 2019, followed by the start of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November.
Conference play started in late December 2019 and will end in March 2020, after which 12 member teams will participate in the 2020 Conference USA Tournament at The Ford Center at The Star in Frisco, Texas.
The station is located in the town center; another station, Altstätten SG, is an intermediate stop on the Chur–Rorschach line with additional local and long-distance services.
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 29 and 30 August 1989.
Born in Cripple Creek, Colorado on 22 June 1904, May worked in cinema from the early 1920s until 1936, appearing in at least sixteen films.
May made her first appearance for Century Comedy (also known as Century Comedies), a production company founded by Abe and Julius Stern.
In 1937 she was interviewed by the San Bernardino Sun for an article about breaking into acting in Hollywood, where she mentions she is studying voice and diction in hopes of getting more roles.
Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (1854 or 1856 — 1935) was the Grand Mufti of Egypt, judge in the Shari'a Courts, rector of al-Azhar, and one of the leading Hanafi-Maturidi scholars of his time.
He was also known as a devout scholar who chose to lose his position as mufti rather than bow to government pressure to issue a particular fatwa.
Bakhit studied at al-Azhar and taught there from 1875 to 1880, when he was appointed qadi (Muslim judge) of Qalyubiyya, after which he served as a judge in various provincial centers, Alexandria, and Cairo.
He opposed Muhammad 'Abduh's reforms at al-Azhar, issued a fatwa (Muslim legal opinion) to warn Muslims against bolshevism (presumably meaning politically inspired violence) in the midst of the 1919 Revolution, and took conservative stands on such issues as the translation of the Quran, women's rights, and the abolition of family awqaf.
After he ceased to be the chief mufti, he attacked severely 'Ali 'Abd al-Raziq's al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm (Islam and the Principles of Rule).
He studied Hanafi fiqh at al-Azhar from 1865 to 1875 and was among those who heard al-Afghani lecturing privately in the Muski district in Cairo.
The following year he became president of the al-Mahkama al-Shar'iyya (the Shari'a Court) in Alexandria, whereupon he was transferred to the Cairo court and became president of its technical council.
He was finally appointed President of the Cairo al-Mahkama al-Shar'iyya al-'Ulya, in succession to the 'Abd Allah Jamal al-Din, who went with Hassunah al-Nawawi to the Khedive in Alexandria.
She graduated with a thesis in Philosophy from the University of Rome La Sapienza in 1952 and then further specialized in art history in Florence in 1956 with the art historian Roberto Longhi.
Volpi worked in 17th and 18th century modern art and contemporary art and wrote papers on Impressionism, the symbolism, the expressionism.
In 1966 Volpi curated the exhibitions of both Italian and foreign artists at the Editalia Gallery in via del Corso in Rome.
Greenberg began her career working for the philanthropic foundation, Humanity United, where she managed projects to combat human trafficking and slavery.
She was an Advisor on human trafficking at the State Department's, Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review and later was hired as a staff assistant in the Office of Congressman Tom Perriello of Virginia.
In February, 2017, the Indivisible co-founders formed a 501(c) organization, with Levin designated as Indivisible's first President and Greenberg as Vice-President.
The Orange Line is a light rail line in Santa Clara County, California, and part of the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) light rail system.
It serves 26 stations in the cities of Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, San Jose, and Milpitas, traveling between Mountain View and Alum Rock stations.
The Orange Line starts from the Downtown Mountain View station in Mountain View, California, travels toward the east, passing under U.S. Route 101 at Ellis Avenue, following Mathilda Avenue to Java Drive, crossing State Route 237 and turning east on Tasman Drive, which eventually becomes Capitol Avenue.
For the rest of the trip the line follows Capitol Avenue until it reaches its eastern terminus, the Alum Rock Transit Center.
The route that the Orange Line now runs on is constructed in three different expansion projects: the original Guadalupe line, the Tasman West extension, and the Vasona extension.
The trackway between Old Ironsides station and First Street is part of the Guadalupe line, the first light rail line constructed in Santa Clara county.
The Guadalupe line opened for revenue service on December 10, 1987 originally running from Old Ironsides station to Civic Center station in San Jose.
Champion station was not part of the original line; it was added as intermediate stop as part of the Tasman West project.
Champion station was the first to open as an infill stop along the existing Guadalupe line trackway, opening March 24, 1997.
On December 17, 1999, of trackway and 12 new light rail stations added between the existing Old Ironsides station and the new Downtown Mountain View station.
This extension runs from the I-880/Milpitas station east along the Great Mall Parkway in Milpitas, then into East San Jose on Capitol Avenue to Alum Rock Transit Center on Alum Rock Avenue.
In 2014, a new storage track and crossover was constructed between Old Ironsides and Reamwood as part of improvements to support events at Levi's Stadium and the future Silicon Valley BART extension.
Ahead of the opening of the Silicon Valley BART extension to Berryessa / North San Jose, the Orange Line was created.
VTA have proposed a future extension to this line running along the median of Capitol Expressway to connect with the Blue Line's Capitol Station at Route 87.
Phase 1 of the Capitol Expressway extension would include new light rail stations at Story Road and VTA's Eastridge Transit Center, extending the line south from Alum Rock.
An earlier version of the project also included a station at Ocala as part of Phase 1, but the Ocala station was eliminated in 2014.
As originally proposed in the 2005 FEIR, the original proposed extension included several new stations along the extension to State Route 87.
The Hinata was first showcased at the 2015 Tokyo Motor Show alongside the Noriori food truck and Tempo wheelchair accessible van concepts.
Sugarcoma (commonly stylised in camel case as SugarComa) were a British alternative metal band from London, who were active between 1999 and 2004.
In March 1999 the band formed when vocalist Jess Mayers joined forces with guitarist Claire Simson, who had previously played in a band called Little Green Pants.
The four members were all teenage pupils at St Edward's Church of England School and they recorded a demo tape using the school's facilities.
The band started sending their demo out and, as they did so in alphabetical order, the first record label to show interest was the first to receive the tape, Abuse Records.
He later established a business relationship with Tony Defries' management company MainMan and changed the name of his label to Velocity Recordings.
Their parents called in lawyers who advised against signing the Velocity Recordings/MainMan contract, aspects of which fell below the industry standard.
They impressed My Ruin's volatile singer Tairrie B and moved up the billing when original main support act Snake River Conspiracy pulled out.
They then played a few dates with Guano Apes before returning to the studio to work on writing their debut album.
In April 2002 the band headlined a UK tour for the first time, supported by Music For Nations label mates InMe.
Although the band enjoyed supporting the established metal bands they admired, they sometimes faced hostility from audiences whose fierce loyalty was to the headline acts.
The Britney Spears cover version was conceived as a joke during early rehearsal sessions and had been successfully deployed as an encore when the band lacked enough material of their own.
The album had been completed by January 2002 but was not released until 5 August 2002 in Europe and 27 August 2002 in the United States.
In September 2002 the band was announced as the support act for SOiL and The Wildhearts on their respective UK tours.
In May 2003 it was reported that the band had recorded a batch of demos for their second album, which was three quarters complete and provisionally scheduled for release on Music For Nations in early 2004.
By March 2004 they had recorded some more demos but had been released from Music For Nations (which folded that year due to changes at its parent company Sony Music) and were looking for another record deal.
Although the band had declined to sign with Velocity Recordings in 2000, they were bemused when the label continued to release their early material without their knowledge or consent.
In April 2015 Mayers was running a human resources department, Simson was a digital project manager working in mobile app development and Fisk was a train driver on the London Underground.
He is smarter than me, and that's always difficult, playing someone more intellectual than you, but he sometimes really struggles to read people so I have to be oblivious to certain things.
Finding it and using that energy well is sometimes tricky, and now having watched some scenes back, I still think it needs more.
Heston Carter (Owen Brenman) wants to be Sid's mentor, but Howard Bellamy (Ian Kelsey) allocates him Zara Carmichael (Elisabeth Dermot Walsh).
Sid begins to date colleague Ayesha Lee (Laura Rollins), but when he tries to move the relationship too quickly, Ayesha dumps him.
After reading their confidential medical notes, it is revealed that his brother, Laurence Richards (Rishard Beckett), has Down's syndrome, and that Estelle and Tye left him at the hospital as a newborn.
For his portrayal of Sid, Rice was longlisted for Best Actor at the British Soap Awards in 2017, 2018 and 2019.
It was copyrighted on August 16, 1918, and published by Oliver Ditson in Boston in two forms: for four-part ensemble of mixed voices and for four-part ensemble of male voices, with baritone soloist.
For its 1918 Fourth of July concert, the Boston Pops Orchestra asked Stephen Townsend to lead three sets of songs to be sung by a male chorus, and evidently Townsend evidently requested or commissioned Manney to produce a commemorative work.
The work is in a cultivated style, with words and rhythm evoking a heroic slow march and textures suitable for upper-class church anthems.
Ditson made only a modest effort to promote it, but nevertheless, over the next decade it received several performances by amateur ensembles ranging from church groups to civic organizations to high school ensembles.
In the mid-1920s it receded from view, but it was retained in Ditson’s catalogue, and Manney renewed the copyright in 1946.
Its greatest impact, however, came three years later, when it was sung, in part, at the start and finish of the celebrated television documentary Crusade in Europe.
Slavica Nakov-Dimovska (born 29 July 1985) is an Macedonian basketball player and a former member of the Macedonian national basketball team.
She won the Icelandic championship with Haukar in 2009 when she was named the Úrvalsdeild Foreign Player of the Year and the Úrvalsdeild Playoffs MVP.
On 19 November 2008, she scored a season high 38 points, including the game winning three pointer at the buzzer, against Hamar.
Preston Wimberly is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist from Houston, Texas known for performing in the Southern rock band The Wild Feathers from its formation in 2010 until 2016.
Wimberly, along with Burns, was a founding member of American country rock band The Wild Feathers which formed in Nashville, Tennessee in 2010.
Wimberly and the other three vocalists in The Wild Feathers had previously been frontmen, and the four developed a unique four-way harmonic style for The Wild Feathers.
From 2013 to 2015, The Wild Feathers played hundreds of shows and toured with bands like Willie Nelson, Bob Dylan, Paul Simon.
Preston Wimberly made an appearance as a country rock musician in the 2015 film The Longest Ride by George Tillman Jr..
Wimberly is not classically trained, and has cited bands like The Band, Neil Young, Led Zeppelin and Stevie Ray Vaughan as influences on his musical style.
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 29 and 30 August 1989.
The nominations for the 19th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2019, were announced on December 16, 2019.
Winners in the international categories were announced on December 16, and winners in the Canadian film categories were announced on January 6, 2020.
This list of wound decorations is an index of articles that describe notable awards given for wounds; usually, though not exclusively, to military personnel during wartime.
The Alameda de Paula was commissioned by Captain General () Felipe de Fons de Viela, member of the court of King Carlos III.
The site of the old Rincón refuse dump, initially the promenade was a dirt track with some benches and flanked by two rows of poplar trees.
It was given the name Alameda de Paula because of its proximity to the Hospital and Iglesia of San Francisco de Paula which had been built in 1664.
Between 1803 and 1805 the pavement was tiled, a fountain and stone benches, lampposts and the marble column were added, it qualified as a pleasant entertainment for the residents of the Villa de San Cristóbal, lacking recreational sites at that time.
The Alameda de Paula became one of Havana's most important social and cultural spaces and the model of the Paseo del Prado designed in 1925 by Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier.
The promenade was the subject of various transformations in the course of the 19th century; the embankment was tiled, a fountain was located there and the back of the seats was latticed.
In the 1940s, squares were drawn at its ends, widened, and provided with access stairs and seats, street lamps were updated.
In the year 2000, the Havana promenade was restored and extended until it reached the Iglesia de San Francisco de Paula.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they are automatically invited and obliged to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
The uprising in Epirus of 1611 also known as uprising of Dionisios Skylosophos was organized by the Greek Orthodox bishop Dionysios Skylosophos against Ottoman rule.
He later received promises of support from the Spaniards of the Kingdom of Naples and begun preparations for another uprising in the region of Epirus.
At the beginning of September 1611 a total of 1,000 men from 70 villages were gathered in the coastal region of Thesprotia and were ready to revolt.
However the vast majority of them had only access to peasant tools with 40 of them bearing arquebuses and additional 100 yatagans.
Dionysios also managed to gain the support of various Greek nobles of the area, such as the personal secretary of the Pasha of Ioannina and the metropolitan bishop of Dryinopolis, Mattheos.
Approximately 1,000 peasants and shepherds took active part while most of them poorly armed with bows, cudgels, javelins and peasant tools.
They violently attacked their nearest oppressors; the Islamized inhabitants of the villages Tourkogranitsa and Zaravousa, in Thesprotia and then marched towards Ioannina, the administrative center of the region.
There they arrived at the night of September 10-11 and burnt down the house of the local Ottoman lord, Osman Pasha.
However, Osman Pasha managed to escape and the following day the Ottoman garrison of the city reinforced with a small cavalry unit and with the support of local Greek notables defeated and dispersed the rebellious elements.
During his interrogation he claimed that he aimed at the liberation of the population to put an end to Ottoman tyranny.
As such the following years the Greek Orthodox inhabitants of Ioannina were evicted from the castle quarters to moved to the suburbs.
Only Muslims and Jews were allowed to remain inside the castle of Ioannina, while the churches there have been confiscated and turned into mosques.
During World War II, she volunteered on a ship that took evacuee children to South Africa and afterwards, she stayed there with her family.
She was involved in the launch of the 1952 defiance campaign against unjust laws led by the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Indian Congress (SAIC).
Levson helped maintain the funds of the South African Treason Trial Defence fund which helped support legal fees for those accused during the 1956 Treason Trial.
She received a telegram from Mandela on her 90th birthday, where he wrote that he would always remember her efforts to fight apartheid.
Marc A. Johnson is an American agricultural economist and academic administrator, who became the 16th president of the University of Nevada, Reno in 2012.
He earned a bachelor's degree in Biology from Emporia State University, Master of Technology in International Development from North Carolina State University, Master of Economics from Michigan State University, and a Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics from Michigan State University.
Johnson joined the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno in June 2008 as vice president and provost before serving for one year as interim president in 2011.
In October 2019, is was announced that Johnson step down as president in June 2020 and transition to a position in the UNR College of Business.
Inés of My Soul (Spanish: Inés del alma mía) is an upcoming historical drama web television series produced by RTVE, Boomerang TV, and Chilevisión based on the historical novel of the same name by Isabel Allende.
A total of 8 episodes were confirmed for the series and is scheduled to premiere on Amazon Prime Video worldwide, except for Chile.
RuPaul's DragCon UK was an expo of drag culture held 18-19 January 2020 at the Olympia London in West Kensington, London, England.
At DragCon attendees could meet the artists and drag queens, take in panel discussions, main stage performances, and buy related merchandise from the queens and industry-related products like drag, make-up, and wigs.
RuPaul’s DragCon UK is the third DragCon, and is based on the successful RuPaul's DragCon LA, the original event started in 2015, and RuPaul's DragCon NYC, which started in 2017.
At DragCon attendees can meet the artists and drag queens, take in panel discussions, main stage performances, and buy related merchandise from the queens and industry-related products like drag, make-up, and wigs.
DragCon UK is the third version of DragCon, the first was DragCon LA which has occurred annually for five years as of 2019.
Josef Svoboda is a Canadian Arctic tundra scientist and botanist, who was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada (2019) for his pioneering scientific contributions regarding the Artic tundra ecosystems, and his lifelong mentorship of scientists.
While in university, Svoboda's involvement in student underground politics prompted his arrest at the age of 20, where he spent almost nine years in various prisons and labour campus, including being forced to work in a uranium mine for four years.
While incarcerated, Svoboda continued to learn from fellow prisoners, and even received seminary training from bishops and prelates in a Leopoldov prison, though he was never ordained.
Upon release in 1958, Svoboda attempted to continue his university studies with little success before taking on a research role at the Academy of Science in Brno.
In the Prague Spring of 1968, at the age of 37, Svoboda left for Canada to complete a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Western Ontario, a doctorate at the University of Alberta, and then began a 22-year-long teaching and research career at the University of Toronto.
From 1992 and onwards, Svoboda's research lab has participated in the International Tundra Experiment to understand the timing and abundance of various Arctic flowers across different sites in relation to global warming.
In 1993, Svoboda received a Northern Science Award from the Polar Knowledge Canada in recognition of his contributions to the global understanding of plant communities following glacial retreat, and his pioneering approaches in arctic botany.
Madison Lake Dam was originally planned out when a piece of land was donated to the state on which to build a lake.
In 1950, the newly created Ohio Department of Natural Resources took over the site, and it has since become part of the Madison Lake State Park.
Even though the majority of Schomberg's residents voted to join Poland, the city remained under German rule after the plebiscite era.
Under the new Polish administration a new municipality (Gmina) was formed in Schomberg and the town's name was changed to Chruszczów.
They include general awards, awards for a specific medium (film, theatre or television), and awards for actresses, male actors, supporting actors and young actors.
The match ended in a 2-0 victory for the Iraq national football team, scored by captain Younis Mahmoud and Hussein Ali Wahid.
The inauguration aroused large official and popular attendance, including the presence of the former Minister of Youth and Sport Abdul-Hussein Abtaan, the head of the National Olympic Committee of Iraq Raad Hammoudi and the former Iraqi national team player, Hussein Saeed.
() is a reworked text by Pencho Slaveikov based on the Bulgarian folk song „Come on, give it, Nikola”, recorded and first published by Stjepan Verković in 1860 in the collection „Folk songs of the Macedonian Bulgarians”.
It is presumed the original song was performed in the villages of Skotoussa () and the extinct village of Krasohori, () (near Agkistro), both in Greece today.
Asker Municipality, informally referred to as Greater Asker (), is a municipality in Viken county, Norway, that was established in 2020 by the merger of Asker in Akershus and Røyken and Hurum in Buskerud.
Studio Mao produced the short drama film Skin by director Guy Nattiv and producer Jaime Ray Newman in association with New Native Pictures.
The film was acquired by Fox Searchlight and won an Oscar ® in the category of Best Live Action Short at the 91st Academy Awards.
Freud Corner is the name used for the place within Golders Green Crematorium in North London, where the funerary urns of Sigmund Freud and many other members of the Freud family are deposited.
When writing his will in 1919, Sigmund Freud stated that he wanted to be cremated as it was a cheaper and easier process than conventional burial.
After the funeral, Freud's ashes were deposited in an ancient Greek bell krater from the 4th century BC which came from his large collection of over 2000 antiquities (see below).
Their ashes are today kept on three-tiered white stone shelves erected on either side of the plinth with Sigmund and Martha's urn.
On New Year's Day 2014, Golders Green Crematorium staff discovered that burglars had apparently broken into the Ernest George Columbarium overnight and smashed the ancient bell krater containing Sigmund and Martha Freud's ashes in the attempt to steal the vessel.
Visits to Freud Corner can only be made in the company of a member of Golders Green Crematorium's staff and after reporting to reception.
In the centre of this niche stands a black marble plinth, with the funerary urn of Sigmund and Martha Freud on top.
It is not known why, when, and by whom the decision was made to place Freud’s ashes in this vessel; there is no mention of such an intention in any of Freud's correspondence, in his last will, or in any subsequent family correspondence.
He used to keep the bell krater on display in his study at Berggasse 19, Vienna, until his move to the United Kingdom in June 1938.
The white stone shelf to the left of the black marble plinth with the ancient Greek bell krater currently holds nine urns.
While most of these are brick-sized brownish metal containers inscribed with the name, date of birth and date of death of the deceased, both the cremated remains of Colin Peter Freud and of Margaret Freud are kept in wooden caskets.
The ashes of Anton Walter Freud and his wife share a large wooden casket, while the cremated remains of Henny Freud are kept in a stone urn made of granite.
The film centres on Jeeti, Kira and Salakshana Pooni, three Punjabi Canadian sisters from Williams Lake, British Columbia who have gone public in adulthood about allegations of childhood sexual abuse by a cousin who frequently babysat them as children.
The film was slated to premiere at the 2018 Vancouver International Film Festival, but the screening was pulled from the festival as the sisters' court case against their cousin was still pending.
It instead premiered at the 2019 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, and had its first screening in British Columbia at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival.
The film received two nominations at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2019, for Best Canadian Documentary and Best British Columbia Film.
It includes work by a Swedish-American farmer-carpenter named Jacob Severin Adolphson, who contributed to building the house and some of its outbuildings.
It has also published new editions of traditional Jewish texts, and sponsored major gatherings to celebrate the completion of its study cycles.
As of 2018, more than 150,000 people have participated in its programs, which have spread to 26 countries on five continents.
Jewish men who have had a yeshiva education are challenged by many negative influences in the workplace, such as Internet usage and lack of modesty.
According to Dirshu founder Rabbi Dovid Hofstedter, by enabling these men to continue immersing themselves in Torah study, many of these challenges are rendered moot.
As it gained popularity, the Dirshu program of daily study, review, and testing also appealed to Jewish men who were still enrolled in yeshiva and kollel.
By fostering discipline and accountability for personal study, Dirshu enables participants to master their learning, and has produced serious Torah scholars.
In 1997, Rabbi Dovid Hofstedter, a Canadian Jewish businessman working in real estate and property management, opened a small beis medrash (study hall) in his Toronto office.
As an extra incentive, Hofstedter offered a small stipend, and introduced a system of regular tests by which participants could assess their progress.
Each program stresses continual review of the material, and includes regularly scheduled tests by which students can assess their mastery of the material.
In September 2012, the organization announced that 10,000 men in Israel had signed up to take the first test on the first 30 pages of the new Daf Yomi cycle.
Kinyan Torah testing sites were also opened that month in more than 300 communities around the globe, including South Africa, Gibraltar, France, Russia, and cities across the United States.
The program's popularity in Israel also indicates the importance of the stipend awarded for outstanding test scores, as many members of the Israeli Torah community struggle to make ends meet.
Every six months, they take an additional test on all the material they have studied to date, from the beginning of the Daf Yomi cycle.
The cumulative tests are new each time, prompting the student to diligently review and retain huge amounts of material over the seven-and-a-half-year Daf Yomi cycle.
At the final test, the student is tested on his knowledge of the entire Talmud—a total of 2,711 pages of text and commentary.
In addition, one who successfully completes the entire Talmud with Rashi in the first cycle will advance to a higher level of study in the second cycle, where he will be expected to learn the Talmud together with the commentary of Tosafot.
In the second cycle, the course of study expands to include additional topics in Yoreh De'ah, Even Ha'ezer, and Choshen Mishpat.
The program is open to all participants, including those already enrolled into other Dirshu programs, and stipends are awarded for outstanding test scores.
The idea of supplementing the traditional kollel or yeshiva learning program was a controversial one, but Dirshu was supported by Rabbi Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz and other Torah leaders.
Between 7 a.m. and 2 p.m., participants are requested to say Psalm 20 and Psalm 130, which beseech God for His protection and salvation.
These include three events for a total of 20,000 attendees in the U.S., two events for 15,000 in Israel (Jerusalem and Tel Aviv), two events for 5,000 in Manchester, England; and siyumim in Paris, France; Cape Town, South Africa; Minsk, Russia; and Pinsk, Belarus, which are expected to attract thousands more.
It retains a staff of interpreters, including Russian, French, and Spanish speakers, to mark the tests sent in from around the world.
The film stars Grace Glowicki as Raf, an aimless young woman in Vancouver, British Columbia whose life is changed when she befriends Tal (Jesse Stanley), a richer and more motivated woman with questionable motives.
The women's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 30 August 1989.
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 30 August 1989.
In addition, he has been adjunct professor in Near Eastern Languages and Literature since 2007, and in Comparative Literature since 2006.
It was established to provide a platform to forge greater unity in the world and to promote the participation of females in global activities.
In 2019, the second edition was hosted in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Dewanti Kumala from Indonesia, representing Miss Polo Indonesia was crowned as the winner.
Miss Polo International is a non-swimsuit/non-bikini beauty pageant that aims to promote education and carry out charitable acts globally, especially in the most impoverished regions of the world.
The goddess has several incarnations in different forms with various attributes, including the incarnations of goddess Panthoibi, Chang Ning Leima, Phouoibi and Charei Phishabi.
Robin Hood's Larder (also known as the Butcher's Oak, the Slaughter Tree and the Shambles Oak) was a veteran tree in Sherwood Forest that measured in circumference.
The tree had long been hollow and is reputed to have been used by the legendary outlaw Robin Hood and others as a larder for poached meat.
The oak tree was located in Birklands, part of Sherwood Forest that was first mentioned in 1251 and in continual ownership by the crown for 600 years.
The site is currently in the ownership of the Forestry Commission and the Sherwood Forest Visitor Centre, run by Nottinghamshire County Council, is nearby.
It is reputed that Robin Hood used the hollow trunk of the tree as a temporary store for venison poached from the royal forest.
The use of such trees for storing game was common in the times before refrigeration and regardless of the veracity of the Robin Hood legend it is likely that at some point the tree was used for this purpose by poachers.
It is said that in earlier times hooks used for the hanging of meat could still be seen affixed to the inside of the tree; these had vanished by 1913.
Because of this legend the tree has also been known as the Butcher's Oak, the Slaughter Tree and the Shambles Oak, the latter because it was the traditional name for an area of town where butchers and abattoirs were located.
An 1874 guidebook to the region mentions the tree and states that it was used formerly by a thief named Hooton to hang the carcasses of stolen sheep.
Towards the end of the 19th century the tree was badly burned in a fire originating from a group of schoolgirls boiling a kettle within the hollow.
Holy War of the Seven Khojas () was a revolt against the Qing dynasty of China, which broke out in 1847 during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor.
The revolt was unsuccessful, but it could in some ways be seen as the initial stages of the uprisings against Qing rule in Altishahr.
The New York Film Critics Online Award for Best Supporting is an award given annually by the New York Film Critics Online.
It is planned to be located near North University Avenue on the southwest corner of campus, and is expected to open for revenue service with the system in early 2022. the University was planning to construct a transit village at the site via a public–private partnership.
Aimee Dunlap is a North American cognitive ecologist and Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
This was followed by a masters in Biological Sciences from Northern Arizona University in 2002 and a PhD in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior from the University of Minnesota in 2009.
Specifically, Dunlap focuses on utilizing experimental evolution techniques to directly test hypotheses about how patterns of change and reliability in the environment influence the formation of innate biases and preferences.
Aside from this, Dunlap focuses on studying the cognitive differences between various bee populations through predictive models based upon observable natural actions and theories of environmental adaptation.
Finally, Dunlap and her lab also research how memory length is an evolutionarily adaptive behavior through studies on bumblebees, blue jays, and pinyon jays.
It is found on Al Mansoura Street in the Fereej Bin Durham District, to the immediate north of Al Mansoura's northern boundary line.
Rowing at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at Triboa Bay at Subic, Philippines from 6 to 8 December 2019.
Between 1961 and 1979 he opened various shops in the Hasselt area, a caterer shop on the Grote Markt in Hasselt, and several restaurants - Salons Van Dijck in Kermt, Sir Anthony Van Dyck in Antwerp, and Clou Doré in Liège.
After the closure and sale of his restaurant at the beginning of the 2000s, he became the Culinary Director at the Flanders Hotel Holding in 2003.
In addition to the Olympic-size swimming pool, there is an instruction pool of 20 by 17 meters in Wezenberg and since 2015 a second 50-meter pool, not wide enough for competitions, but for training.
In 1951, a new outdoor swimming pool was opened and used for years before work on the indoor swimming pool started in the 1970s.
From September 2014 to September 2015, a second Olympic pool was built at 8 m from the existing pool, Wezenberg 2, with six swimming lanes that will not be open to the public, but will be used as a training pool for top athletes.
The construction of Wezenberg 2 cost 8 million euros, of which 4.5 million by the City of Antwerp and 3.5 million by the Flemish government.
In Wezenberg, the provincial championships are also organized every year, as well as the international club competition Antwerp International Youth Swimming Cup.
In the summer of 2012, the European Junior Championships took place for the fourth time, previously this also happened in 1991, 1998 and 2007.
Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance on the senior, junior, and advanced novice levels.
Two separate pairs events were held, an international and a domestic Czech edition, as Elizaveta Zhuk (formerly of Russia) has not been released to compete internationally for the Czech Republic.
Most of the courses offered prepare students to take certification exams for the three major cloud providers (Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and Amazon Web Services).
Global Interaction, formerly the Australian Baptist Missionary Society and originally the Australian Foreign Missions Board, is a Christian missionary society founded by Baptists in Australia in 1864.
The South Australian Baptist Missionary Society was founded at Flinders Street Baptist Church on 10 November 1864 under Rev Silas Mead, and the first missionaries, Ellen Arnold and Marie Gilbert, were sent to East Bengal in 1882.
Between 1882 and 1913, the colonial societies sent fifty-four women and sixteen men to Bengal, including Mead's son Dr Cecil Mead and his wife Alice.
Wilton Hack, a South Australian Baptist pastor, had raised private funds to go to Japan in 1874, not wanting to take money prioritised to the work in Faridpur.
Work in Papua New Guinea began in 1949, at the urging of returned World War II chaplains, with focus on Bible translation as well as health and education.
The Ayase River, takes its source in the city of Okegawa in Saitama Prefecture then joins, in Katsushika, Tokyo, the Naka River.
The course of the river was developed in Edo period (1603-1868), when Edo (old name of Tokyo) became the shogunal capital of Japan.
Historically, the first part of the river is used for irrigation and agriculture, the middle and the end for the supply of water to the population of Tokyo and for river transport (the Ayase river notably allows the connection between the Arakawa and Tone).
From the 1960s to the 1990s, the river is the most polluted in Japan, occupying twenty-five times the head of the classification of the most polluted rivers between 1972 and 2007.
These pollutions are due to agriculture, to the density of the population living near the basin or the banks, and to industry.
The Kings of Sport (French: Les rois du sport) is a 1937 French comedy film directed by Pierre Colombier and starring Raimu, Fernandel and Jules Berry.
The football scenes were shot at the Stade de l'Huveaune home of Olympique Marseille, who were the reigning champions of France at the time.
Miss Polo International 2018 was the 1st edition of Miss Polo International pageant, held on 28 August 2018 at Transcorp Hilton Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria.
In 2017, Merci Maman received the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category, at a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.
Today the brand has workshops in England, France and Germany (Berlin), and also sells its products in Spain and Italy, in addition to its e-commerce activity.
The brand primarily targets mothers, young mothers but also mothers with older children as well as grandmothers, women in general, children and men.
The unique selling point of the brand is their personalised jewellery because it is hand engraved using the French cursive style.
In April 2014, the Duchess of Cambridge Kate Middleton was spotted and photographed in London wearing a Merci Maman necklace given as a gift by her sister Pippa Middleton to celebrate the birth of her son Prince George of Cambridge, which generated a very strong interest on social networks.
In 2017, Queen Elizabeth II welcomed Béatrice de Montille and her husband Arnaud, also co-founder of the company, to Buckingham Palace for the Queen's Award for Enterprise ceremony, awarded to Merci Maman to distinguish the growth of the company abroad.
Helena Sirén Gualinga (born February 27, 2002) is an Indigenous environmental and human rights activist from the Kichwa Sarayaku community in Pastaza, Ecuador.
Her aunt Patricia Gualinga and her grandmother Cristina Gualinga are defenders of Indigenous women's human rights in the Amazon and environmental causes.
She spent most of her teenage years living in Parga, Greece and later in Turku, Finland where her father comes from.
From a young age Gualinga has witnessed the persecution of her family for standing against the interests of big oil companies and their environmental impact on Indigenous land.
She has stated for Yle that she sees her involuntary upbringing in such an agitated environment as an opportunity to profit from.
Her activism includes exposing the conflict between her community and oil companies by carrying an empowering message among the youth in local schools in Ecuador.
She includes the higher prevalence of fires, flood-related diseases and devastation, desertification, and the faster melting of mountain peak glaciers experienced during the life time of the elder members of her community as first-hand evidence of climate change.
She criticized the Ecuadorian government for claiming interest in protecting the Amazon during the conference instead of attending indigenous Amazon women's demands brought to the government during the 2019 Ecuadorian protests.
She also expressed her disappointment towards world leaders' lack of interest to discuss topics brought by indigenous peoples to the conference.
The stadium was opened in 1954, being built by the Soviets during the town construction and was the home ground of Minerul Ștei until 2008, when the club was dissolved.
In 2015 the Town of Ștei started the procedure to get in the administration of the stadium, owned by the Uranium National Company.
Poqui poqui, also spelled puke puke or puki puki, is a Filipino eggplant and scrambled eggs dish originating from the Ilocos Region of Northern Luzon in the Philippines.
It has a creamy texture and is usually eaten as a side dish to grilled fish and meat dishes, but it can also be eaten with white rice.
Laurent Degos, Professor of Haematology at the University of Paris, was born on July 9, 1945 in Paris (75008) from Robert Degos (1904-1987) medical doctor, Professor of Dermatology and Monique Lortat Jacob (1916-1999), third of four children, an older brother Jean Denis (1937-2001) Professor of Neurology, Claude François Professor of Neurology (1939-) and a younger sister Bernadette Flamant (1947-).
He was married to Françoise Fouchard (hepatologist) on 16 December 1971 with whom he had three children Juliette Barbarin (lawyer at Total), Cecile Petit-Degos (scenographer), and Vincent Degos (Professor of Anesthesia Resuscitation) and 9 grandchildren (Arthur, Maylis, Paul Barbarin, Jules, Zelie, Tom Petit and Oscar, Augustin, Felix Degos).
The Degos family is from Mugron (Landes) with several generations of country medical doctors: Jean Baptiste (1797-1859), Alfred (1840-1925) and Louis (1873-1928) his grandfather.
Laurent Degos obtained his doctorate of medicine in 1976 and his doctorate of University in 1973 at the Paris Diderot University France.
Laurent Degos, a close collaborator of Jean Dausset (Nobel Prize winner 1980) since 1969, succeeded him in 1980 as head of the immunogenetics laboratory (Inserm).
He discovered genes and alleles of the histocompatibility complex, made innovations in formal genetics (binding imbalance) and population genetics (selection, genetic distance).
Laurent Degos as a research manager has been elected in several evaluation commissions (Inserm, CNRS, National Council of Universities), Director of the University Institute, International Advisor (Histocompatibility), President of international congresses (EHA 1994, ISQUA 2010, Health and Tech Conference 2017).
His wisdom and the absence of conflict of interest due to his position in national agencies gave him the opportunity to be called upon in various institutions as an advisor.
In addition, he is interested in the new generation, writing science books for children, textbooks for students, co-founder and board member of the MURS, (science and society).
Paris), Director of the Doctoral School of Biology and Biotechnology (1993-2003) he is an actor in the current debate on scientific integrity.
Laurent Degos has a broad disciplinary field in medical sciences (molecular biology, cell biology, clinical trials) and studies transverse disciplines (immunology, oncology, hematology, transplantation, public health).
He has collectively taken over the concepts and developments as president of public (Delegate for Clinical Research Ile de France) or private (Genset, IEPS) research councils.
He has also demonstrated his ability to obtain interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research for policy within the framework of the Bioalliance of European Medical Societies and has successfully joined European Member States by co-founding Eunet HTA for the study of comparative efficacy of health products and leading Eunet PAS for patient safety research.
Laurent Degos has experience of scientific advice and political responsibilities at the Council of Europe (Histocompatibility 1980), DG Sanco (Eunet HTA 2005-2011 EuNetPAS 2007-2011) and DG RTD (steering committee and leader of the WG1 SPH 2015-).
He has demonstrated authority and independence as guest scientific advisor for the preparation of the USA Affordable Care Act (ACA) on comparative efficacy research, representing France alongside 3 other members from the United Kingdom, Germany and Australia, and as guest member of the nomination committee in China for the CAS institute for translational medicine (Canton).
He was also a member of the High Level Group on Health at the OECD and President of the Sino-French Foundation for Science and Technology (FFCSA Chinese - Chinese Academy of Science and French Academy of sciences (2011-2017).
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 3 was the third event of the season and is held in Annecy-Le Grand-Bornand, France, from 19 to 22 December 2019.
Born in Gera, Thüringen, Kropfinger studied piano (concert) at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt, Weimar and continued his studies at the universities of Bonn and Cologne in musicology, art history, Romance studies, philosophy and ethnology.
The National Basketball League's (NBL) scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given season.
The scoring title was originally determined by total points scored through the 1996 season, after which points per game was used to determine the leader instead.
Players who earned scoring titles before the 1984 season did not record any three-point field goals because the three-point line had just been implemented in the NBL at the start of that season.
He also holds the all-time records for total points scored (1,007; 1991) and points per game (44.1; 1987) in a season.
While he led the NBL in points per game in 1987 (44.1) and 1990 (37.6), he was not the leader in total points scored.
His 882 total points in 1987 were third best behind Paul Stanley (920) and James Crawford (903), while his 828 points in 1990 were also third best behind Derek Rucker (865) and Wayne McDaniel (848).
The stadium was opened in the early 1980s, being built by the Mechanical Factory of Ștei, being one of the most expensive sports bases in the country, built in its own right by a state-owned company.
She published several historical novels when she was in her twenties and thirties, and her poems were published in magazines, newspapers, and literary journals throughout her life.
An only child, her father was Theodore S. Peck, a recipient of the Medal of Honor during the American Civil War, and her mother was Agnes Louise Lesslie (1843–1917) of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Her work appeared in numerous newspapers, magazines, and literary journals and she was frequently asked to provide readings of her work at veterans’ reunions, memorial dedications, and other public events.
During her life, Peck maintained membership in several professional and legacy societies, including the Burlington Literary Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, Society of Colonial Dames, and United Daughters of 1812.
She was a member of the Athena Club (a women’s service organization) and was active with the Third Order of Saint Francis.
Peck was an honorary member of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, the International Mark Twain Society and the Institute Litteraire et Artistique de France.
At age 18, she became the first female honorary member of the Medal of Honor Legion of the United States (now referred to as the The Legion of Valor) after being bestowed medal number one of the Second Class.
Peck was also a philanthropist and benefactor, and her causes included Burlington's Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) and Saint Michael's College in Colchester.
At her death, her family's home was sold and the proceeds were used to establish the Theodora Agnes Peck Scholarship Endowment at the University of Vermont.
In July 1963, obituaries for Teresa C. Egan, who died at age 73, indicated that she had been Theodora Peck's live-in companion for more than 40 years.
On March 27, during Rangpur visit of the then Communications Minister Abul Hossain promised to start a new train between Dhaka and Rangpur.
Mónica Bertolino, (Córdoba, July 12, 1957), is an Argentine architect, owner of the Estudio Bertolino-Barrado architecture office, dedicated to the production of architectural, urban and landscape design works of various scales from 1981 to date, developed in the Argentine provinces of Córdoba, Santa Fe, San Juan and Jujuy and in Spain.
She recognizes as references Santiago Kunzle, for his integral way of conceiving design, César Naselli for his theoretical contributions to the project and Miguel Ángel Roca for his great trajectory and the literary references he used in his classes.
Miguel Ángel Roca invites her to work in his studio in her last studies year and there Bertolino meets Marina Waisman.
In partnership with him, she has created single-family and collective dwellings, commercial premises, institutional buildings, proposals for urban intervention and urban and landscape design.
The works by Bertolino and Barrado stand out for their great sensitivity to the landscape and the materials and for the understanding of the constructive possibilities of the environment in which they work.
The recovery of public spaces in the urban periphery of Cordoba during the administration of Mayor Rubén Martí between 1991-1999, whose Director of Green Zones was Carlos Barrado, is relevant.
Bertolino and Barrado have been recognized with the Vitruvio Award of the MNBA and the Honorable Mention in the Bienal Panamericana de Quito with the Jardín botánico de la municipalidad de Córdoba.
They have won the 3rd prize for the urban project Pasarela Las Varillas and Honorable Mention for the works Casas Múltiples and Casa en Potrero de Garay in the ARQ Clarín Awards (2011).
In 2012 they were distinguished with the Diploma to the Merit - Architecture 2002-2006 in Visual Arts in the Konex Awards.
The work of the studio has been widely disseminated in national and international media (Summa+, a+u, Casabella, 30-60 cuaderno latinoamericano de arquitectura, La Vanguardia, etc.).
Since 2009, together with Margarita Trlin, she has coordinated Redsur, an inter-university cooperation project to explore the potentialities offered by certain places in the city, awaiting its urban articulation and putting into meaning.
Of these, 51.8% spoke Khanty, 20.7% Nenets, 17.5% Russian, 9.4% Komi-Zyrian, 0.3% Mansi, 0.1% Yiddish and 0.1% Polish as their native language.
Kyrgyzstani broadcaster KTRK organised a national final to select their entry for the contest, which consisted of a non-televised semi-final and a televised final on 26 October 2014.
Kyrgyzstan performed thirteenth in the semi-final on 19 November 2014, placing sixth in a field of 25 countries with 190 points, thus qualifying for the final.
Kyrgyzstan performed seventh in the final on 21 November 2014, placing fourth in a field of 15 countries with 196 points.
Each country was represented by one juror who gave each song, with the exception of their own country's song, between 1 and 10 points.
He began a relationship with Marèse, but while driving on a holiday in the South of France their car crashed and she was killed.
Flamant was widely vilified in the press for his role in the tragedy, and was ostracised by some parts of the film community for several years.
Michl was born in Prague, which was then the capital of the short-lived Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939), in 12 March 1939.
This was a few days before Nazi Germany incorporated Prague and the rest of the Czech part of the country as the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
Michl began studying chemistry at Charles University in Prague in 1956 and earned a Master's degree in 1961 under V. Horák and P. Zuman.
He worked as a Postdoctoral researcher from 1965 to 1970 for R. S. Becker at the University of Houston, for Michael J. S. Dewar at the University of Texas at Austin and with F. E. Harris at the University of Utah.
In the meantime he was research assistant at the Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1967–1968 and assistant professor of Jan Linderberg at the Department of Chemistry at the Aarhus University in 1968–1969.
1970 Michl received his first independent professorship at the University of Utah at Salt Lake City (Research Associate Professor), in 1971 he became an associate professor and in 1975 he received a full professorship.
In 1986 Michl moved to the University of Texas at Austin, but remained connected to the University of Utah as an adjunct professor.
Since 2006, Michl has also worked as a research director for the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry at the Czech Academy of Sciences.
Michl has made important contributions to numerous areas of chemistry during his career:: theoretical and experimental aspects of organic photochemistry, magnetic circular dichroism, chemistry and theory of biradicals and biradicaloids, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy with polarized light, silicon chemistry and electronic structure, theory and experiment of sputtered frozen gases, properties and theory of organic Reaction intermediates, cluster-ions, molecular building blocks for supramolecular structures and boron chemistry.
He is co-author of five textbooks on Photochemistry and Polarization spectroscopy, is author of more than 570 scientific publications and holds 11 patents.
She graduated with a degree in modern literature and she worked at the Gazzetta di Mantova before she went to work at La Stampa, Turin's online newspaper in 2000.
Much of her work in the beginning was focused on immigration and Islam locally before movingh to foreign affairs and the Middle East.
The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register of all Indian citizens whose creation is mandated by the 2003 amendment of the Citizenship Act, 1955.
Its purpose is to document all the legal citizens of India so that the illegal migrants can be identified and deported.
Assam, being a border state with unique problems of illegal immigration, had a register of citizens created for it in 1951 based on the 1951 census data.
The Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983 was then passed by the Parliament, creating a separate tribunal process for identifying illegal migrants in Assam.
The Supreme Court of India struck it down as unconstitutional in 2005, after which the Government of India agreed to update the Assam NRC.
Following unsatisfactory progress on the process of updating the Assam NRC for over a decade, the Supreme Court started directing and monitoring the process in 2013.
The final updated NRC for Assam, published on 31 August 2019, contained 31 million (3.1 crore) names out of its population of 33 million (3.3 crore), leaving out 1.9 million (19 lakh) applicants.
Many of those affected were Bengali Hindus, who constitute a major voter base for the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the majority party at the centre.
The Amendment of the 1955 Citizenship Act, in part, helps protect non-Muslims who are not in the register and face arrest or deportation.
The ruling government of BJP has promised to implement the NRC for all of India in its election manifesto and campaign speeches the 2019 Indian general election.
On 19 November 2019, Home Minister Amit Shah, declared in the Rajya Sabha of the Indian parliament that the NRC will be implemented throughout the country.
According to the Citizenship Rules, 2003, the central government can issue an order to prepare the National Population Register (NPR) and create the NRC based on the data gathered in it.
The 2003 amendment further states that the local officials would then decide if the person's name will be added to the NRC or not, thereby deciding his citizenship status.
The Citizenship Rules of 2003, framed under the Citizenship Act of 1955, prescribe the manner of preparation of the National Register of Citizens.
The National Population Register (NPR) is a list of all the people residing in India and includes both the citizens and the non-citizens.
This definition was stated by the then Minister of State for Home Affairs, Kiren Rijiju, as a response in the Rajya Sabha, that was released on 26 November 2014 by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
Residents of a locality living there for at least six months with plans to continue their residence for another six months or more are included into the list of NPR.
It is prepared as per the provisions of the Citizenship Act, 1955, and the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003 (passed by the BJP government under Vajpayee).
According to the Citizenship Rules, 2003, the centre can issue an order to prepare the NPR and create the NRC based on the data gathered in the NPR.
As per the 2003 Citizenship rules, the local officials would then decide if the person's name will be added to the NRC or not, thereby deciding his citizenship status.
Since 2014, the government has stated in the Parliament several times that the National Register of Indian Citizens (NRIC) or NRC is based on the data collected under the NPR, after the verification of the citizenship status of every individual.
The NPR planned for 2020 will also include more details such as the place of birth of the parents, last place of residence and the serial number for official documents.
Critics believe the Indian government will use the list to mark people as doubtful citizens after which they would be asked to prove their citizenship.
On 24 December 2019, the Union Cabinet approved for updating the NPR, marking one of the first steps in implementing the NRC.
According to the Section 3(2)(c) of The Foreigners Act, 1946, the central government can deport people of foreign countries who are staying illegally in India.
In anticipation of the possible requirement to house a large number of illegal foreigners, who may be declared as such by the final NRC of India and the Foreigners' Tribunals, the government is in the process of building several detention camps throughout India.
In 2014, the Centre had told all the states to set up at least one detention centre for illegal immigrants so as not to mix them up with jail inmates.
In 2018, activists filed a petition in the Supreme Court of India and brought to its notice the condition of the families separated from each other and locked separately in the six existing detention centres of Assam.
On 9 January 2019, the Union government released a '2019 Model Detention Manual', which stated that every city or district, having a major immigration check post, must have a detention centre.
In December 2019, it was reported that the detention centres planned in West Bengal and Kerala had been put on hold.
The first detention centre in Assam came up in 2008, when the Congress was in power in the state, under orders of the court.
The first such new exclusive detention camp is under construction in the district of Goalpara in lower Assam at the cost of around and a capacity to hold 3000 people.
The detention center covers approximately square feet (about the size of seven football grounds) and was planned to have fifteen storeys.
CAA and NRC protests are a series of protests in India against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, which was enacted into law on December 12, 2019, and against the nationwide implementation of the NRC.
Protesters in all regions are concerned that the upcoming compilation of the National Register of Citizens might be used to deprive Muslims of Indian citizenship.
As of 12 January 2020, activists have continued to protest the act on the streets, with a lot of individuals carrying placards criticizing the act as well as the government.
Her father came to New Zealand as a refugee from Hungary in 1956 following the Hungarian Uprising, her mother was a nurse.
She studied music at the University of Auckland and later gained degrees at Trinity College Dublin in Education Management, Victoria University of Wellington in Commerce and Administration and Harvard University in Public Administration.
Szabó joined the Labour Party in 2007 and stood as the Labour candidate in the electorate of at the , and was number 38 on the party list.
On 30 November 2019 she was elected President of the Labour Party following the resignation of Nigel Haworth earlier that year.
Of these, 93.8% spoke Russian, 3.3% Ukrainian, 0.8% Belarusian, 0.6% Siberian Tatar, 0.6% Kazakh, 0.5% Polish, 0.1% Mordvin, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Yiddish as their native language.
The club was founded in 1904 in Buenos Aires by the initiative of a group of teenagers who were members of Maipú FC and were not allowed to play in the team because of being minors, and decided to build their own team.
Independiente joined the Argentine leagues in 1907 after getting his stadium approved, and since 1912 competes in Argentina's top level national league with the exception of the 2013–14 season, when they got relegated for the first time from the top division.
Independiente is the most successful club in the Americas alongside fellow Argentine team Boca Juniors, with 18 official international titles recognized by FIFA and CONMEBOL.
Among those international titles Independiente has a record 7 Copa Libertadores, 2 Intercontinental Cups, 2 Copa Sudamericana and one Recopa Sudamericana.
Independiente is alongside River Plate and Brazil's Internacional the only teams to win all four of the current CONMEBOL competitions; Libertadores, Sudamericana, Recopa and the Suruga Bank Championship, which they won in 2018.
Although being far behind Boca Juniors and River Plate in terms of popularity, Independiente was voted by the IFFHS as the 2nd best club in South America in the 20th century, and best team in Argentina.
Before the creation of the first CONMEBOL football competitions in 1960, several trophies were officially organized between the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association to be contested by those countries' league and cup champions.
Independiente is the most successful team in the competition with 7 titles, with 4 of them in a row between 1972 and 1975.
The 1992 Supercopa Sudamericana round of 16 featured the only Avellaneda derby played at international stage; it was won by Racing by a global 2-1.
Competition contested by the winners of the Copa Sudamericana and the Japanese J.League Cup, played at a single match final with the latter team hosting the match.
Defunct competition contested by the winners of the Copa Libertadores and the UEFA Champions League to determine the best team in the world.
Dale Heatherington (born 1948) helped Dennis C. Hayes in the development of Hayes Microcomputer Products, the company that pioneered the Hayes modem and the Hayes command set.
Hayes and Heatherington, having met as fellow employees of National Data Corporation, formed a company to facilitate automating the process of dialing a modem.
The Bleary Darts Club shooting was a mass shooting that took place on 27 April 1975 in the village of Bleary, Northern Ireland.
Members of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) burst into a darts club frequented by Catholics and opened fire on the crowd, killing three civilians and wounding a fourth.
At about 10:40pm, three masked loyalist gunmen kicked the door open and opened fire on the crowd with a Sterling submachine gun, a Webley Revolver and a shotgun.
Three men were killed, all Catholic civilians: father-of eight John Feeney (45), father-of-six Joseph Toman (48), and father-of-four Brendan O'Hara (38).
Six days before the attack at Bleary, the group had claimed responsibility for killing three Catholic civilians—two brothers and their pregnant sister—in a booby-trap bomb attack at a house near Granville, County Tyrone.
Loyalists Stuart Ashtown and Derek McFarland admitted to the attack in 1980 along with a string of other offenses, including the shooting of Catholic civilians Marian Rafferty and Thomas Mitchell.
The shooting is one of many in the area that has been linked to the Glenanne gang; a group of loyalists that included police officers from the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and soldiers from the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR).
The sub-machine gun was used in the Miami Showband massacre, which was carried out by members of the group three months later.
Among other evidence, a witness saw him in a car near the club the Sunday before the attack, and saw the same car near the club again, about half an hour before the attack.
Miss Polo International 2019 was the 2nd edition of Miss Polo International pageant, held on 14 September 2019 at Jumeirah Zabeel Saray, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Contestants from 30 countries participated in this year's Miss Polo International pageant, surpassing the previous record of 17 contestants in the inaugural 2018 event.
Of these, 98.8% spoke Russian, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Kazakh, 0.1% Romani, 0.1% Mordvin and 0.1% Siberian Tatar as their native language.
Books written by former CIA employees have to be approved and censored by the agency itself; Wise and Ross were never CIA employees, so the agency had no power to censor the book.
The agency created a plan to buy as many books as possible from bookshops, but the agency did not go forward with this as Bennett Cerf, the president of Random House, informed the CIA that the company would order additional printings if the CIA bought the first printing.
Harpreet Singh (born 1 November 2002) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Centre Back for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Johnny Hornby is the chairman of Prince Harry’s Sentebale charity and the founder of the marketing and PR holdings company The&Partnership.
Hornby was born in Lemington Spa, but due to his father’s work, he attended a state school in the south of France before moving to Connecticut.
Upon graduation, Hornby worked at the Ogilvy & Mather agency before moving to CDP in 1995, where he gained his first senior position.
Following a search co-ordinated by Labour backbencher Peter Mandelson TBWA won New Labour’s account and worked on Tony Blair’s 2001 general election campaign.
Following the campaign, which saw Blair re-elected with 413 seats, Hornby set about founding an agency with TBWA’s former chief executive Simon Clemmow under the provisional title, Clemmow Hornby.
Upon leaving TBWA, Hornby struck an agreement, allowing him to take one of TBWA’s most valuable accounts, Sir Charles Dunstone, the former chairman of the mobile phone retailer, Carphone Warehouse.
Dunstone allowed Hornby to run CHI from a loft above Carphone Warehouse’s Marlybone Road shop in Northwest London, effectively enabling Hornby to create an agency with little or no start-up costs and one major client.
Following a string of successful pitches, the agency developed a client base ranging from drinks companies to financial services to radio stations.
When Hornby came to sell a 49.9% stake in the company to Sir Martin Sorrell, he did so for £30 million.
Following his Sorrell deal and subsequent acquisition spree, Hornby added nine agencies to his portfolio and founded The&Partnership as a holdings company for his newly acquired agencies.
He adopted a similar model to many law firms, whereby the partners are owners in the business and work together for a single profit and loss statement.
By 2013, the company employed 1,400 people internationally, partly aided by Hornby’s access to GroupM, the media buying arm of WPP plc, who at the time purchased approximately one-third of all British television advertising.
After the disgraced former Carillion chairman, Philip Nevill Green stood down from Prince Harry’s Sentebale charity in 2018, the anti-HIV non-profit announced Hornby as its new chairman.
It is fielded by The Football Association, the governing body of football in England, and competes as a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), which encompasses the countries of Europe.
England competed in the first official international football match on 30 November 1872, a 0–0 draw with Scotland at Hamilton Crescent.
England have competed in numerous competitions, and all players who have been capped while playing for Football League clubs, either as a member of the starting eleven or as a substitute, are listed below.
Each player's details include his usual playing position while with the team, the number of caps earned and the years spent playing for England while also playing for a Football League club.
For example, Trevor Brooking was capped 47 times, but 12 of those caps were when West Ham United were in the Second Division.
In 1933, he won the National Chess Master's degree, shared 4th-5th place with Antonio Sacconi in the Padulli Memorial Chess Tournament.
He has regularly participated in the Italian Chess Championships in which he was shared 7th-8th in 1939 (tournament won Mario Monticelli) and ranked 9th in 1943 (tournament won Vincenzo Nestler).
Of these, 71.7% spoke Khanty, 27.8% Russian, 0.2% Siberian Tatar, 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Nenets as their native language.
He was born on 19 December 1914, the son of Walter Sisam (1882–1943) and his wife Catherine Nellie Fincher, and was educated at King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon.
Sisam married in 1976 Margaret Honor Barnes, daughter of Anthony Charles Barnes OBE and his wife Honor Dorothea Coote, and they settled in Marlow, Buckinghamshire.
In March 1900 his wife is listed as living in Manchester and several sources indicate he was also from there (probably Chorlton-cum-Hardy).
He was Professor of Theology at Edinburgh University he was also a Professor at the Free Church College on the Mound in Edinburgh..
He died in Edinburgh on 5 February 1965 and is buried in the Grange Cemetery in the south of the city.
From 2015 to 2016, the church was converted into a multifunctional building with a theater hall, an entrance hall with a bar, and a few smaller rooms.
As a condition for this, he first had to receive a psychiatric diagnosis of transsexuality which equates the condition to a mental disorder.
In response, he began an international campaign involving Amnesty International to have the Finnish law changed as infringing his transgender rights.
A third version, commissioned by an American collector in 1903, is in a smaller format (117.5 x 90) and in private ownership.
The traditional Midsummer celebration had diminished in the Dalarna because of the religious revival that has emerged since the mid-19th century.
It was painted red every Midsummer and I realised and still realise that it is my solemn duty to be present and to lead the dressing of said pole.
Once it was up, a reel was played and people danced hand-in-hand around the maypole and the yards in an endless snake of youngsters.
The dynamic situation of the business movement spurred Pahala Kencana to continue to expand its marketing operations area to reach several large and small cities in Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali, and Lombok.
In 1993, PK developed the Pahala Kencana Depository Services business, which initially only served destinations on the bus operating route, relied on the remaining passenger luggage space, and operated a few small vehicles as modes of delivery between goods.
In the same year, PK established PT BPW Pahala Kencana Travel Bureau which later became better known as Pahala Tours & Travel.
In 1997, PK operated a number of city bus fleets in Jakarta, and in 1998 Pahala Kencana resumed business by opening inter-city routes within the province (AKDP).
In 2000, PT Pahala Kencana began to expand into the field of tourism transportation transportation business which included the provision of tourism buses and rental vehicles under the Nirwana Luxury Tourist Bus brand.
Then in 2005, PT Pahala Kencana developed an airplane ticket sales business that concentrated on selling airline tickets at low rates by establishing PT Nata Tours.
Pahala Kencana currently serves more than 93 cities in Java, Bali, Sumatra with the frequency of the main route commuting 86 times.
Michel Fardeau, born on 24 October 1929 in Paris 12th arrondissement, is a medical researcher in medical pathology, pioneering founder in France of myology, a medical discipline treating diseases of the neuromuscular system.
He was also a full professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in a chair dedicated to the social integration of disabled people.
Michel Fardeau was a student at the Lycée Voltaire and then completed his secondary studies from 1939 to 1945 at the Collège du Blanc (Indre).
Major at the PCB (section C) in 1946, he was an external then Internal of the Paris Hospitals (1954) then Chief of Clinic (1959-1960).
He joined the CNRS at the end of his internship, where he spent his entire scientific career, from trainee (1959) to Research Director (1977).
On this date, he became the first Medical and Scientific Director of the new Institute of Myology, created by the French Agency against Myopathies (AFM-Telethon) at the Hospital de la Pitié Salpêtrière.
In 1990, Michel Fardeau was elected as Full Professor in a newly created Chair of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, dedicated to the Social Integration of People with Disabilities, which he will hold until 2002.
He was a member of the French National Consultative Ethics Committee (1986-1990) and then Chairman of the Ethics Committee in Medical Research and Health (2000-2003).
He is a member of many Societies of Neurology and Neuropathology throughout the world and has been elected Corresponding Member of the American Neurological Association (1995), the French Academy of sciences (1996) and Full Member of the French Academy of Technologies (1999).
He received the Vermeil Medal of the City of Paris (2013), and the Grand Medal of the French Academy of Medicine (2014).
His work has focused in particular on the clinical and morphological analysis of congenital myopathies defined by structural anomalies of muscle fibres.
He is credited with key descriptions in the field of cardiomyopathies with desmin overload, severe autosomal recessive myopathies in children with adhaline deficiency (gamma - sarcoglycan), congenital muscular dystrophies of toddlers with merosin deficiency, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies in juveniles, rediscovered in a genetic isolate from Reunion Island, with Calpain 3 deficiency, dystrophies subsequently found throughout the world.
This research has led to better detection and prevention of these genetic disorders, and to the first therapeutic, experimental (by cell transplantation) or human (first gene therapy trial using a dytrophin plasmid) advances in Duchenne myopathy.
In the field of disability, it was responsible for a Report on the Comparative and Prospective Analysis of Policies Implemented for People with Disabilities, a preparatory report for the 2005 Law on Equal Opportunities.
He first took a guest professorship at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (1983), and held substitute professorships at the universities of Heidelberg, (1984/85) and Frankfurt (1986).
Riethmüller held additional teaching positions at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg (1985-87) and at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (1994).
In 1986 he was appointed Professor of musicology at the Goethe University Frankfurt, succeeding Ludwig Finscher, and in 1992 he was appointed Professor at the Freie Universität Berlin, succeeding Rudolf Stephan.
In 1999 he received the John G. Diefenbaker Award from the Canada Council for the Arts in Ottawa, and since 2002 he has been an Affiliated Faculty Member of the Canadian Centre for German and European Studies at York University in Toronto.
Upstream, this valley is served by the Consol Paper road and a few other secondary forest roads for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Mars river is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
Northeast on , then follow the course of the Saguenay River east on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Following major seeding and development work, including the creation of a fishway for salmon, the Association of sport fishermen of the Mars river was formed in 1983, and fishing reopened in 1992 .
Nowadays, Contact Nature Rivière-à-Mars is a non-profit organization which manages fishing on the À Mars river and exploits the migratory pass with interpretation site of Atlantic salmon and sea trout.
You can enjoy a salmon and sea trout interpretation trail, as well as a window for underwater observation of the salmon thanks to its migratory pass .
Of these, 85.7% spoke Russian, 9.0% Siberian Tatar, 2.9% Ukrainian, 0.7% Polish, 0.3% Chuvash, 0.2% Finnish, 0.2% Komi-Zyrian, 0.2% Kazakh, 0.2% Belarusian, 0.2% Romani, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Latvian and 0.1% German as their native language.
He played college basketball for Waynesburg University and had a four-year career in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL), where he was the league's scoring champion in 1987.
He led the team in scoring as a sophomore (16.4 ppg) and senior (21.7 ppg), and during his senior season, he had a 38-point effort against Westminster.
In 1989, Stanley returned to Australia and re-joined the Hobart Devils for the back-end of the season, where in 11 games, he averaged 28.5 points, 6.4 rebounds, 2.5 assists and 1.0 steals per game.
Over 69 games in the NBL, Stanley averaged 32.6 points, which ranks first all time in league history for career points per game with a minimum of 60 games.
He also shot 124-for-271 (45.76%) from 3-point range, which ranks second all time in league history for 3-point percentage with a minimum of 100 makes.
He later resigned to serve as the state secretary for Nanumba and clerk of the Bimbilla Local Council, a position he held from 1950 until 1954 when he entered parliament.
Prior to the resumption of parliament in 1956, he was nominated once more by the CPP to represent the Nanum Dagbon electoral area.
Creswell was born at Ravenstone in Leicestershire and attended University College, Reading before studying at a succession of art schools in Leicester, Harrogate and Leamington Spa.
Creswell exhibited with the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, the Royal Miniature Society, the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, the Society of Women Artists and elsewhere in England.
In 1947, part of the inhabitants was relocated to Vedensky district, and in 1957, after the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, they were again relocated to the territory of the Khasavyurt district, where the village Novogagatli was formed.
In 1981, a linguistic expedition was undertaken by the Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics of the Faculty of Philology MSU led by A. E. Kibrika.
This is the eighth album from the Northern Irish group that was released on January 19, 2018 by Rend Family Records and Sparrow reccords.
Jean-Pierre Grünfeld is Honorary President of the Scientific Council of AIRG-France (Association pour l'Information et la recherche sur les maladies Rénales Génétiques) of which he is one of the founders, with Dr Ginette Albouze and Ghislaine Vignaud.
PT Antar Lintas Sumatera (ALS) established in Kotanopan, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra, 29 September 1966 is a company service transportation land passenger transportation originating from North Sumatra, Indonesia.
ALS is the largest otobus (PO) company in Sumatra and has the furthest routes in Indonesia with the route Medan in North Sumatra to Jember, East Java and also serves routes to many cities on Sumatra and Java.
In 1972, ALS opened routes to various cities in Sumatra, such as to Banda Aceh, Padang, Pekan Baru, Jambi, Bengkulu, Palembang, and Bandar Lampung.
In the 1970s, where cars were unable to cross to Java due to the unavailability of ro-ro ferries, ALS had opened routes to various destinations on the island of Java, but by using the services of agents who arrange departure of passengers from port of Merak with another vehicle.
During the heyday of long-distance bus transportation, thousands of kilometers Trans-Sumatra Highway, both east and middle cross were enlivened by thousands of buses managed by hundreds of otobus companies.
ALS from North Sumatra with a fleet of about 400 bus units is the king of the road in the trans-Sumatra route along with PMTOH from Aceh, PO ANS and PO NPM from West Sumatra , and PO Gumarang Jaya from Lampung.
The Base is an accelerationist, neo-Nazi white separatist paramilitary hate group, formed in 2018 and active in at least the United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa.
The group advocates the formation of white ethnostates, a goal to be achieved through terrorism and the violent overthrow of existing governments.
A propaganda gif from a The Base training camp near Spokane, Washington was posted in August 2019 and dated 18 August 2019.
Richard Tobin and The Base have been linked to synagogue vandalism in Racine, Wisconsin and Hancock, Michigan, which occurred a day apart in September 2019.
Mathews' truck was found near the border in Piney, Manitoba, and it was assumed he had subsequently crossed illegally into the United States.
Mathews was arrested in Maryland by the FBI in January 2020 along with two associates, Brian M. Lemley Jr., 33, and William G. Bilbrough IV, 19.
In 1947, part of the inhabitants was relocated to Vedensky District, and in 1957, after the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, they were again relocated to the territory of the Khasavyurt district, where the village Novogagatli was formed.
In 1981, a linguistic expedition Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics of the Faculty of Philology MSU led by A. E. Kibrika.
Hilary Pennington is an American philanthropist and the first Executive Vice President of Ford Foundation, a position she has held since January 2018.
Pennington is celebrated for leading the launch of the five-year, $5 billion BUILD initiative which invested in the sustainability and capacity of 300 social justice organizations around the world.
Before joining Ford Foundation, she was the Director of Education, post secondary success and special initiatives at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and led the foundation's effort to double by 2025 the number of low-income Americans who obtain a post secondary credential by age 26.
In her interviews with several media sources, she has mentioned that witnessing the inequality of apartheid in her father's home country of South Africa helped shape her lifelong passion for social justice.
As Executive Vice President, Pennington oversees all programs, in the U.S. and globally, for the Ford Foundation, a social justice philanthropy with a $13 billion endowment and annual grant making of $600 million.
During her time as program vice president, she led the foundation's work on arts and culture, documentary film making, journalism, and youth leadership.
In addition to a background in education and social justice in the non profit sector, Pennington was a former adviser to Presidents George H.W.
The 10th Naples Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 28 April 1957 at Posillipo Circuit, Naples.
The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Lancia-Ferrari D50.
Montu Pilot is a Bengali web-series that features Saurav Das, Solanki Roy, Chandreyee Ghosh, Kanchan Mullick and Subrata Dutta in the main roles.Directed by Debaloy Bhattacharya the teaser was released on 19th November 2019 which immediately created the buzz.
For all these circumstances Montu becomes a courier of a woman he doesn’t understand love can not feel sensitive emotions but his life changed after Bhromor (played by Solanki) came to his life.
Majorly hoichoi has covered most of the thriller series so making these kind of series with a romantic touch is a sweet step.
René Jean Albert Petitbon (18 August 1902 – 2 February 1965) was a French colonial administrator who served as Governor of French Polynesia and French Somaliland in the 1950s.
He became deputy director for the Haut-Rhin region in 1935 and then served as director general of the Banques Populaire of the North Paris region from 1937 until 1944.
He was appointed Governor of French Polynesia in 1950, remaining in post until 1954 when he was appointed Governor of French Somaliland.
At the beginning of its establishment CV Lorena only had 2 bus fleets with short distance routes namely Bogor - Jakarta PP.
Long distance routes were opened by PO Lorena in 1984 starting with the route Jakarta - Surabaya PP, followed by other cities on Java, Madura, Bali and Sumatra.
As transportation between Interprovincial buses | inter-city inter-provincial buses PO Lorena currently has long-distance routes that extend from Bali, Java to Sumatra served by 500 bus fleets class executive and business single bus or level bus, these routes are.
Harold Lee (born 13 January 1933) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Frederick Robson Batty (20 December 1934–2007) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue.
UFC Fight Night 172 (also known as UFC on ESPN+ 30) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on April 11, 2020 at a venue and in a city TBD.
He served as a Managing Secretary of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad from 2005 to 2009 and established Matrubhasha Samvardhan Kendra (Mother-tongue Development Centre) there.
Borisagar started his career as a short story writer, however his humorous nature brought him into humour writing, where he received acclaim.
He received the Dhanji Kanji Gandhi Suvarna Chandrak in 2002, the Chandrakant Anjaria Memorial Trust Education Award in 2003, the Kavi Dahyabhai Patel Sahityaratna Suvarna Chandrak in 2011, and the Sachchidanand Samman in 2011.
100 years later, humanity is yet to reclaim their lost lands, and remnants of human civilizations are splintered into seven countries but are united against the fiends.
A massive magical barrier was erected by Babel in the center of the seven nations, thwarting the fiends' invasion and saving humanity from extinction.
Alus Reigin — protagonist and Magicmaster from the nation of Alpha — has been battling the fiends since the age of six.
With that, he ends up as a student at Second Magical Institute, forced to hide his identity, but some of the select few knew who this boy truly is.
On top of his growing list of responsibilities and frequent messes in dealing with these beauties, he resumes his research and continues to defeat the Fiends in secret.
He is yet to fully comprehend the mysteries surrounding his nature, which is why he devoted himself to magical research on top of his Magicmaster duties.
He is a good researcher, performing self-research on magic at an early age to gain a better understanding of his abilities.
However, being raised as an effective killing machine from an early age, Alus lacks of tact and understanding when it came to the subtleties of the heart.
Despite his icy cold exterior, his personality is subtly changing, such as being able to read the mood of an event as he spends more time with the girls at the institute.
He works on his magic researches in his free time and sometimes responds to mission requests that comes directly from Governer-General Berwick Sarebian.
Like Alus, she was an orphan after losing her parents to the Fiends, and her hatred towards the fiend spurred her decision to join the military at a very young age.
Eventually, she would reencounter Alus when he saved her life on her first mission, which went awry back when she was a child.
When she learned of Alus's enrollment at the Institute, she immediately followed suit and eventually became his partner after undergoing a trial imposed by Alus.
She is exceptionally loyal to Alus and tends to get jealous of the other girls when they get too close to him.
She is adept at housework such as cleaning up the laboratory, indexing research paper works and even prepares meals for Alus.
She eventually warmed up and became more accepting of the two girls, when she realized Tesfia and Alice are working hard not just for their own sake, but for others as well.
After she lost to Alus in a mock battle and discovered Alus's true identity, her opinion of him took a turn for better.
Her affinity is light magic, and due to defects in her mana information as an unintended result of the experiment, she is also capable of wielding attribute-less magic to a certain degree, albeit inferior to Alus.
A Triple-Digit Magicmaster, Felinella is a talented Second-year student in the Institute as well as the girls' dormitory supervisor, meaning she is senior to Tesfia and Alice.
She is the daughter of Lord Vizaist Socalent, one of the prominent noble families in Alpha, and she is very popular throughout the noble society of the seven nations.
After the subjugation mission against Godma, she realized winning Alus' heart through her father's influence would only lead to a one-sided love.
At her peak, she was ranked 9th but eventually retired from active duty due to certain circumstances — an unspoken rule among the seven nations — each nation should only have one Single-digit Magicmaster to maintain political balance.
Since Alpha had two single-digit Magicmaster in the form of Sisty and Alus, Sisty opted for retirement since she was older than Alus.
Head of one of the most distinguished Noble families in Alpha, he holds the title of 'Lord' with the rank of captain.
A mad scientist with no regard to ethics and human life, he is the source of all the dreadful things in Alice and Melissa's life.
While on the run, he secretly receives fundings, research equipment, and materials from a powerful yet unknown individual — with an alias 'Enouve' — to continue his illegal research.
For the English localization, J-Novel Club acquired the rights for English releases in March 2019, with the first English-translated volume being published in May 2019.
She is the founder and CEO of MicroMax Consulting, and one of the first Afro-Caribbean professionals in the UK to sit on the board of a top European digital transformation organisation.
In 2019, she was honored by her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II as an Officer of the British Empire (OBE) for services to Business.
She was born in London to a Nigerian father and Jamaican mother and grew up in the city of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
She later obtained her masters degree at the University of London and an executive doctorate in Business Administration from Cranfield University School of Management.
In 2019, she was honored as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II for Services to Business..
In 2018, she ranked as number four (4) on the Financial Times Top 100 Black Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) Tech Leaders.
In the same year, she made the final list of Governance Professional of the Year 2018 Award by the Governance Institute..
Terence Statham (born 11 March 1940) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
It begins in the north-western suburb of Greenside and heads eastwards through the Johannesburg's northern suburbs to the East Rand suburb of Kempton Park.
Starting at an intersection with Barry Hertzog Avenue in Greenside, the route heads east as Greenhill Road to Parkview Golf Club.
Crossing Emmarentia Avenue it continues south-east until it reaches a t-junction with Westcliff Drive and continues eastwards as the latter circling the Westcliff suburb and reaches the M27 Jan Smuts Avenue.
The M16 route turns right into Jan Smuts Avenue and is cosigned briefly before turning left into Upper Park Drive, Forest Town where it follows the southern border of the Johannesburg Zoo and then becomes Erlsworld Way in Saxonwold.
Crossing the M1 motorway it reaches a t-junction with M31 West Street in Houghton Estate where it turns south cosigned briefly before turning left and head east as 1st Avenue in Houghton passing close to Houghton Golf Course before intersecting the M11 Louis Botha Avenue.
Passing 8th Street (M16 one-way west) where the route leaves Louis Botha Avenue turning east into 10th Street (one-way east) before turning right in 9th Avenue and left into Club Street where it continues eastward close to Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club and then turns northwards past Huddle Park in Linksfield.
There it reaches the intersection with Civin Drive which the route crosses over it and turns eastwards as Linksfield Road where it crosses the N3 Eastern Bypass at the Linksfield Road Interchange.
Continuing east through Dowerglen it enters Edenvale crossing the M97 1st Avenue and becomes 2nd Street (one-way east) passing through the CBD while Horwood Street to the south is the one-way M16 East.
Leaving the CBD, it crosses 11th Avenue it becomes Homestead Road crossing JP Bezuidenhout Park to the north and the cemetery to the south before crossing Paliser Road becoming Baker Road in Edenglen where it eventually reaches M78 Harris Avenue.
Turn right into Harris Avenue it heads south, briefly cosigned with the M78 before Harris Avenue breaks off to the left continuing eastwards passing Harmelia and reaches a t-junction with Sandvale Road where the route turns left.
The girls were split up into groups of three to begin activities in three different apps before their addition to the game: Dengeki Online website (Kasumi, Karin, Setsuna), Famitsu App website (Ayumu, Ai, Rina), and the game's official website (Emma, Shizuku, Kanata).
The series is animated by Sunrise and directed by Tomoyuki Kawamura, with Jin Tanaka handling series composition and Takumi Yokota designing the characters.
The story centers on the members of school idol club in Nijigasaki, and their attempt to prevent the club from being abolished.
Instead of three mini units consisting of three members each as with μ's and Aqours, the Nijigasaki girls were divided into groups of two, three, and four.
Robbie Gotts (born 9 November 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Leeds United, as a midfielder or as a Right back.
He impressed for Carlos Corberán's Leeds United under 23's side over the course the 2018–19 season, that won the PDL Northern League 2018–19 season, they then became the national Professional Development League champions by beating Birmingham City in the final.
As of 12 December 2019 he had featured on the first-team substitute's bench over 30 times for the first team, but had yet to make his senior debut.
He made his long awaited debut by starting in the FA Cup on 6 January 2020 in a 1-0 defeat against Premier League side Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium.
Jolene Marie Cholock Rotinsulu of North Sulawesi, Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2019, and Jesica Fitriana Martasari of West Java, Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2019, will crown their successors.
As of , 18 of the 39 province & territory titleholders have been crowned and confirmed to compete in this year pageant.
Nesta Helen Wells (9 July 1892 – 17 February 1986) was a British physician, and police surgeon (now known as forensic medical examiner).
Nesta Helen Perry was born on 9 July 1892 in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England to Herbert Edward Perry, and Edith Grafton Hopkins.
She returned to Manchester and worked in a number of local hospitals including Pendlebury Children's Hospital, Beckett Hospital in Barnsley, and the Salvation Army's maternity hospital, Crossley Hospital.
She later worked at the Manchester Babies' Hospital (renamed in 1935 as Duchess of York Hospital for Babies) as an honorary registrar.
During the 1920s to 1940s, the organisation campaigned for the introduction of women as police surgeons to examine victims of sexual assault.
Manchester City councillor Annie Lee joined the Watch Committee who oversaw the Manchester City Police, and in 1927 convinced the committee to appoint a woman police surgeon specifically to examine women and children.
Her part-time role primarily involved the examination of women and children who had been suspected of being victims of sexual assault, rape, and incest.
The Yemenite War of 1972 was a short military conflict between the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR; North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY; South Yemen).
The rebels were defeated by South Yemen government troops on February 24, 1972, with some 175 rebels killed during the military hostilities.
The war, initiated by North Yemen, started on 26 September 1972, the tenth anniversary of the start of the North Yemen Civil War; the fighting mostly consisted of border clashes.
Luís Carlos Ventura Pinheiro (born 8 January 2000) is a Portuguese footballer who currently plays as a defender for Benfica B.
Govardhan appointed his minister, Madan Rai, to somehow find a way to lure Upananda's minister, Amar Singh, in order to use him in infiltrating the south.
Govardhan and Madan Rai then made an agreement with Govardhan's general Virabhadra to give his daughter, Chandra Kala, in marriage to Singh.
The Kuki Chiefs were persuaded into raiding Raja Upananda's palace in the dead of the night, massacring most of its inmates.
Babysat by the Upananda's older sister-in-law, Anna Purna, the children reached the jungles where a Bihari sannyasi by the name of Giridhari took guided them to Kamakhya Temple where they were trained into hermitage.
The Kuki Chiefs annexed Brahmanchal (modern-day Baramchal in Kulaura) to the King of Tripura and Govardhan sent one of his men, Joydev Rai, to be a feudal ruler under the Tripuras.
In fear of Kuki Chiefs, the Raja Shandul of Taraf (Habiganj) migrated to Gour and the King of Tripura put Bhadra Janardhan in charge of Taraf.
Although Govardhan's early rule of Gour maintained a healthy relationship with Tripura, the latter part of his reign had to deal with rebels.
The various indigenous tribes including the Pnar, the Khasis, the Kacharis, the Kukis and the Nagas joined forces in attacking Bengali-dominated Gour.
However, the royal men of Brahmanchal who had migrated to Kamakhya in the start of Govardhan's rule, had returned to Gour being led by Upananda's nephew, Gour Govinda, who would defeat the rebels and re-establish peace with the Tripura Kingdom.
Dragutin Franasović (), was a Serbian army general and politician who held the post of Minister of Defence and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Whilst MaP only tests for bulk removal of up to 1000 grams of waste in a single flush of varying amounts of water, it is now regarded as an industry standard.
During December 17–18, 2019, a series of demonstrations were held in the United States, in support of the impeachment of Donald Trump and his removal from the office of U.S. President.
The episode is set around the demise of serial killer Breda McQueen (Moya Brady), who has held Tony Hutchinson (Nick Pickard) against his will for several months, as well as the introduction of Tony's sister Verity Hutchinson (Eva O'Hara).
Breda McQueen's (Moya Brady) murderous past has finally caught up with her, after being found out by her family that she is a serial killer.
She arrives at her pig farm to find Mercedes McQueen (Jennifer Metcalfe) trying to free Tony Hutchinson (Nick Pickard) from the pig pen, whom she has kept prisoner since July.
Verity Hutchinson (Eva O'Hara) meets Diane Hutchinson (Alex Fletcher) for the first time after she and Sami Maalik (Rishi Nair) walked in on Diane kissing Edward Hutchinson (Joe McGann).
Breda punches Mercedes and stabs Tony in the stomach with a pitchfork and locks them back up in the pig pen.
Sylver McQueen (David Tag) and his sister Goldie McQueen (Chelsee Healey) argue over how dangerous Breda is, with Sylver being dismissive of Goldie's claims.
Lisa Loveday (Rachel Adedeji) bursts in, still believing Mercedes is the serial killer after Breda tried to frame her, and asks them if she knew if Mercedes killed her father Louis Loveday (Karl Collins), and finds his ring in Liberty Savage's (Jessamy Stoddart) jumble shop.
Goldie finds two dolls in Liberty's shop window which match similar ones Breda gave to children after murdering their fathers, thus realising that Breda is the serial killer.
Nana McQueen (Diane Langton) and Grace Black (Tamara Wall) tell Martine Deveraux (Kéllé Bryan) and her father Walter Deveraux (Trevor A. Tossaint) that Mercedes has been released without charge.
Sylver and Goldie search Mercedes' flat for Breda, not noticing John Paul unconscious on the floor behind the sofa after Breda poisoned him.
At Walter's vigil, he talks about forgiveness; but Leela Lomax (Kirsty-Leigh Porter), Jesse Donovan (Luke Jerdy) and Liam Donovan (Jude Monk McGown) cannot forgive the serial killer.
Breda relives the trauma of her childhood at the hands of her abusive father, confessing she killed him by shooting him in the head and fed him to the pigs and tells Sylver his biological father is buried in a field on the pig farm.
Sylver starts to get angry after he was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment for a murder he did not commit, and tries to strangle Breda.
It was then confirmed that the episode will debut at 21:00 on E4, on 6 January 2020, with a repeat on Channel 4 the following evening at 23:00.
Of these, 77.0% spoke Russian, 17.6% Siberian Tatar, 1.8% Khanty, 1.0% Yiddish, 1.0% Mansi, 0.5% Polish, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.1% Mordvin, 0.1% German and 0.1% Adyghe as their native language.
Davidson was born on January 3, 1873 in Cotile Landing, Louisiana, now Boyce, Louisiana, to Lieutenant William Neal Davidson and Laura Cecelia Lynch, a native of Washington County, Texas whose father Joseph Penn Lynch was a veteran of the Texas Revolution, and served primarily during the Battle of San Jacinto.
The system is notable for being young as a member of the 45 Myr old Tucana-Horologium moving group and for the primary star hosting the confirmed exoplanet DS Tucanae Ab, discovered by TESS.
Based on radial velocity measurements it was suggested that the secondary itself is a binary, but later studies could not find evidence for this claim.
High levels of magnetic activity, a strong 6708Å lithium line, and the position on the color-magnitude diagram, slightly above the main sequence, strongly support a young age of the system.
In March 2016, it was announced Cynthia Nixon, Brian Geraghty, Marin Ireland and Michael Trotter had joined the cast of the film, with Braden King directing from a screenplay by Elizabeth Palmore based upon the 2012 novel of the same name by Carter Sickels.
In November 2018, it was announced Phillip Ettinger, Stacy Martin, Cosmo Jarvis, Kerry Bishé, Lili Taylor, Marc Menchaca, Tess Harper and Frank Hoyt Taylor had joined the cast of the film, replacing Nixon, Geraghty and Ireland.
Of these, 93.2% spoke Russian, 5.1% Mansi, 0.7% Ukrainian, 0.5% Siberian Tatar, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Komi-Zyrian as their native language.
The Ħal Ġinwi temple ( located southeast of Żejtun, Malta was a destroyed prehistoric megalithic temple site dating back to the Ġgantija phase (3600–3200 BCE).
The site is located in an area bearing the same name, or alternatively Ħal Ġilwi, which is known for its archaeological remains, and lies around one kilometre from the Tas-Silġ multi-period sanctuary and archaeological site.
Remains of the temple at Ħal Ġinwi were found in the vicinity of San Niklaw chapel, to the right of the main road from Żejtun to Marsaxlokk, between Żejtun and the Tas-Silġ temple.
The site has five semi-rectangular rooms enclosed within a megalithic wall, and like Tal-Qadi temple, it had an anomalous form when compared with other megalithic temples in Malta.
Part of a handled cup, with a decoration of pointillé triangles was found on site, which can be compared with remains found at , Filicudi, an island off Lipari.
At the 2004 Summer Paralympics she won the bronze medal in the women's 100 metre backstroke S8 event and at the 2008 Summer Paralympics she won the bronze medal in the women's 100 metre backstroke S7 event.
Malcolm Thomas Flowers (born 9 August 1938) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
A marker, laid by Roman governor Silanus 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of Palmyra, was found there, probably marking the Palmyrene's boundaries with Epiphania.
Alan Rushby (born 27 December 1933) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue, Doncaster Rovers and Mansfield Town.
Terence Swinscoe (born 31 August 1934) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
William Berry (born 4 April 1934) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Jim Pressel (born July 19, 1963) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 20th district since 2016.
Eugene Morlock Emme (3 November 1919 – 24 June 1985) was an American air force pilot during World War II (1939–1945) who became a pioneering historian of aviation, and then the first historian of NASA's aerospace program.
He was a pioneer in oral history, and interviewed Lord Dowding of the British Royal Air Force, Field Marshal Erhard Milch at Landsberg Prison in 1952, and Dwight D. Eisenhower.
In 1958 he moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, as project director in the operations research office of the Office of Civil Defense.
Emme had to address the challenges of obtaining solid support within NASA for historical research while developing scholars who would establish the basis for documenting and interpreting aerospace history, a new discipline that would largely rely on material from NASA programs.
In 1962 Emme arranged for the annual Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) meeting to have a special session on the history of rocketry.
However, the book added little information that was not already publicly available, and avoided discussion of controversies such as the decision by President John F. Kennedy to ignore his advisers and send a manned flight to the moon.
Emme became co-chair of the history committee of the International Academy of Astronautics, and in this role attended congresses in Paris, Warsaw, Madrid, Constance, Vienna and Moscow.
He was a member of the Reserve Officers Association, Air Force Historical Foundation, Air Force Association and Society for the History of Technology.
He died of cancer on 24 June 1985 at the Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Emme was influential in encouraging SHOT historians to work in the areas of aeronautical and space technology, and in ensuring that NASA's historians undertook solid research and documentation of the history of that institution.
He established the history committees of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Astronautical Society, the International Academy of Astronautics and the National Rocket Club (now the National Space Club).
Brian Jayes (13 December 1932–1978) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Mansfield Town.
Together with her pilot Kim van Dijk, she won the gold medal in the women's road time trial B event and the bronze medal in the women's road race B event.
Guttormsgaard studied at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry under the supervision of and Chrix Dahl, and with Niels Lergaard at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.
He was appointed professor at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts in 1980, and served as rector of the institution from 1983 to 1984.
A collector, he acquired the old dairy in the village of Blaker in Sørum, which he used as atelier and museum, and where he arranged numerous exhibitions.
Store Svelmø is a small uninhabited Danish island in the South Funen Archipelago, lying southwest of Funen Store Svelmø covers an area of 0.27 km².
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, five are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
An ancient market town, it became industrial in the late 18th century mainly with the weaving, spinning and dyeing of silk.
During the 19th century many of the more notable buildings were designed by the architects William Sugden and his son William Larner Sugden.
Many of the listed buildings in the town are centred around St Edward's Church, in Church Street, St Edward Street, and Market Place.
Most of the listed buildings in the town are houses and associated structures, offices, public houses and hotels, shops, mills, and public buildings, and outside the town they are farmhouses and farm buildings.
The oldest listed buildings are ancient crosses in the churchyard and Market Place, the ruins of Dieu-la-Cres Abbey, and St Edward's Church itself.
The Leek Arm of the Caldon Canal runs through the parish, and the listed buildings associated with it are a bridge, an aqueduct, and a tunnel entrance.
Included among the other listed buildings are a plague stone, items in St Edward's churchyard, almshouses, other churches, bridges, a railway signal box, mileposts, a milestone and a series of boundary stones, a drinking fountain, public conveniences, cemetery chapels and gates, a bank, war memorials, and a telephone kiosk.
The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American film director and producer Martin Scorsese, chronicling his achievements in the film industry.
Under Scorsese's direction, actors have continually received nominations from the major competitive acting awards (the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award and the Golden Globe Award).
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
The awards were founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others.
By an initiative of Captain Luís Carlos Donado Velilla, who wanted to withdraw from Aerocosta and set up a new airline only from his family, he was born on February 28, 1974.
LAC started as a limited company and Luis´s first partners were, his wife María Fajardo de Donado and his two brothers Orlando and Raúl Donado Velilla.
Captain Lucho Donado already had experience in the creation and development of airlines, as he had co-founded LATCO, Aerocóndor and Aerocosta.
The time to start a company alone was very hard to do however given the conditions of focusing almost all your time on the business.
In 1972, and despite being Aerocosta at its best, Captain Luis Carlos Donado (one of the majority shareholders) was tired of non-family members and decided to sell this airline to Floramerica.
The new managers of this company did not like the C-46 much and that is how Lucho Donado made a proposal to buy them for a price slightly higher than what they had acquired ,but with the condition that they let them operate under the banner of Aerocosta until LAC had the approval of the Aerocivil.
This was the case and the Donado Velilla brothers flew their two Curtiss planes through the Eastern Plains with the Aerocosta flag ,but billing the flights as Donado Velilla Brothers (DOVEL) until February 28, 1974, when they already start operating with the Colombian Aerocivil as Caribbean Airlines Ltd.
In mid-September of the same year 74, the company became closed anonymous and the wives and children of the Donado Velilla brothers were included as partners.
Raúl Donado Velilla moved to Bogotá with his family and Carlos Alberto Donado Fajardo (finishing his university studies) is linked to the company in Barranquilla.
In August 1974, the company acquired a Douglas DC-6 (HK-1706) aircraft in Damascus (Syria) and began international operations to Panama, Margarita Island (Venezuela) and some Caribbean Islands.
In the middle of that year, LAC signed an important agreement with the Dutch KLM by means of which Colombian flowers were transported from Bogotá to Curaçao where they made connections to Amsterdam.
LAC signed an important contract with El Tiempo and El Espectador to transport the press every night from Bogotá to Barranquilla, Cali and Medellín.
In August of 1977, LAC sold the Curtiss and renewed its fleet by acquiring four DC-6s in auction in Tucson (Arizona) of which two were operated (HK-1702 and HK-1703) and the rest were scrapped for spare parts.
With these two new Douglas DC-6B, the newly approved route to Miami began operating in October with three new weekly frequencies, weekly flights to Panama are increased to three, and the new route to Caracas is opened.
In 1947, part of the inhabitants was relocated to Vedensky district, and in 1957, after the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, they were again relocated to the territory of the Khasavyurt district, where the village Novogagatli was formed.
In 1981, a linguistic expedition Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics of the Faculty of Philology MSU led by A. E. Kibrika.
Active in the disability rights movement for 40 years, she is known for her work with Disabled in Action, ADAPT, The Disability Caucus, and other groups.
At the age of 13 she moved with her parents to the United States in the hopes of finding a cure and spent much of her adolescence in and out of hospitals.
LaSpina taught Italian at New York University, Fordham University, and The New School, where she also taught in the pioneering field of disability studies.
She has mobilized for disabled parking and public transportation access in New York City and was involved in the fight for Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States.
LaSpina spoke at the 2018 Women's March in New York City, where she discussed experience with sexual abuse while in the hospital and the prevalence of sexual abuse in women with disabilities.
In her writing, LaSpina refutes stereotypical narratives of disability, she shows how harmful the overwhelming focus on pity and on an elusive cure can be for those with disabilities.
Of these, 81.9% spoke Russian, 9.5% Ukrainian, 2.5% Kazakh, 1.4% Latvian, 0.9% Belarusian, 0.8% Estonian, 0.8% Komi-Zyrian, 0.7% Polish, 0.4% Mordvin, 0.3% German, 0.3% Finnish, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.1% Siberian Tatar and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2019 composed and conducted by John Williams.
The soundtrack album was released in both digital formats and digipak CD by Walt Disney Records on December 18 and 20, 2019 respectively.
In August 2019, at Tanglewood's Film Night, William revealed that scoring sessions were underway and that 80% of the music for Episode IX had been recorded and that an additional 40 minutes would be recorded at the request of director J.J Abrams.
Recording of the score began in mid-July at Sony Pictures Studios' Barbra Streisand Scoring Stage in Culver City, with 11 sessions scattered over the five-month period.
Williams conducted the sessions himself, recording over three hours of music which consisted of new material and revisions of previous themes.
Like the previous sequel trilogy films, it was recorded with a 102-piece freelance orchestra together with a 100-voice Los Angeles Master Chorale.
In a lead up to the release of the soundtrack, a For Your Consideration soundtrack album was released on the Disney awards website on December 10, 2019, which consisted of 50 minutes of the music for the film.
International Society for Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection (ISIPAR) is a not-for-profit professional organization for researchers and practitioners working on interpersonal relationships, and the largest international psychological organization focusing on interpersonal acceptance and rejection issues.
The purpose of ISIPAR is to promote multidisciplinary research on issues of interpersonal acceptance and rejection and to foster exchange of information and encourage application of research findings in policy making, clinical practice, and academic research.
Researchers affiliated with ISIPAR have published their work extensively in form of journal articles, books and book chapters, and also as special issues of peer-reviewed journals with focus on interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory).
The society has its central office housed in the Center for the Study of Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection at the University of Connecticut, in the United States.
In addition to logging, the company produces building and finishing materials made of wood, as well as metal and ceramic building materials.
Sumitomo Forestry is also an active player in the market for wooden house construction in Japan , the USA , China , the Republic of Korea and others.
In 1947, part of the inhabitants was relocated to Vedensky District, and in 1957, after the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, they were again relocated to the territory of the Khasavyurt district, where the village Novogagatli was formed.
In 1981, a linguistic expedition Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics of the Faculty of Philology MSU led by A. E. Kibrika.
He joined the National Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives (NUBSO), and began working full-time as a union organiser in 1965.
In 1988, he was elected as general secretary of the union, and he became prominent on the Trades Union Congress' Textile, Clothing and Footwear Industries Committee.
The footwear and leather industry was in decline, so, working with Bob Stevenson, Browett organised a merger between NUFLAT and the National Union of Hosiery and Knitwear Workers, forming the National Union of Knitwear, Footwear and Apparel Trades.
She started playing guitar when she was seven but she also showed a talent for maths and physics which she credited to her synesthesia.
The James A. Rawley Prize is given by the Organization of American Historians (OAH), for the best book on race relations in the United States.
The prize is given in memory of James A. Rawley, Carl Adolph Happold Professor of History Emeritus at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
It was built to host the The Idaho Citizen, one of the oldest weekly newspapers in Idaho, which later became the Cambridge News.
It has a decorated appearance, with its mainly yellow brick front facade topped by a false front parapet with a cornice of contrasting red brick corbelling, and with simulated quoins around door and windows also done in red brick.
The primary significance of the building is its association with the newspaper, which was established in 1889 in the mining town of Salubria, Idaho, three miles west of Cambridge.
It was moved to Cambridge after the P & IN Railroad was built across the Weiser River instead of through Salubria, and buildings were either moved or torn down and rebuilt in the new townsite of Cambridge.
It was the area's only source for world, national, and local news, and was published each Thursday; the Thursday publication history continued to the date of National Register listing.
Federico Lunardi (7 December 1880 – 9 November 1954) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent most of his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, serving also in the Roman Curia.
Since then a series of ongoing conflicts and economic crises have severely limited the potential growth of film-making in the country.
Of these, 87.3% spoke Russian, 10.1% Siberian Tatar, 0.9% Ukrainian, 0.4% Polish, 0.3% Bashkir, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Komi-Zyrian, 0.1% German, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Kazakh as their native language.
Yannick Rathgeb (born October 24, 1995) is a Swiss professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing with EHC Biel of the National League (NL).
He previously played with HC Fribourg-Gottéron in the NL and with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League (AHL).
Rathgeb played his junior hockey with the Plymouth Whalers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), appearing in 91 regular season games (37 points) and 1 playoffs game over 2 seasons.
On March 19, 2015, at the conclusion of his junior career, he returned to Switzerland and joined HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League (NL).
He made his NL debut during the 2015-16 season, playing a full season of 50 games and racking up an impressive 27 points.
In his second season with Fribourg, Rathgeb agreed to a two-year contract extension with an NHL-out clause on December 12, 2016.
He went on to play a total of 133 regular season games (89 points) with Fribourg over 3 seasons, before agreeing to a two-year entry level contract with the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL) on April 6, 2018.
He was limited to 32 regular season games in his first year with the Islanders organization and he was released at the end of the season.
Rathgeb was born in Langenthal, Switzerland and played most of his junior hockey with SC Langenthal's various junior teams before moving to North America in 2013.
The 2017 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2017 season.
It was played at Children's Mercy Park in Kansas City, Kansas, on December 16, 2017, with kickoff at 5:00 p.m. EST (4:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPN2.
The participants of the 2017 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2017 Division II Playoffs, which began with four 7-team brackets to determine super region champions, who then qualified for the national semifinals.
He made his league debut for Śląsk in August 1977 against Ruch Chorzów at the age of 15, being the youngest ever player to have played for the team.
After shining in his early years, his high amount of playing time and early exposure to alcohol abuse took its toll on Pękala's development.
During his time with Śląsk he was involved in a night of drinking when he and three other players partied in a T-34 tank outside of a Soviet cemetery.
In the winter of 1984 Pękala was involved in a hit and run driving accident, eventually surrendering himself to the authorities.
Eventually Śląsk had had enough of the player and his antics and he was transferred to Lechia Gdańsk in early 1985.
After his initial troubles at Śląsk, Pękala initially had a more structured life and stayed away from alcohol when he joined the club.
One event that took place during his time with Lechia was that a player was sent to find Pękala after a night of drinking, eventually finding him in the 54th house they checked.
Despite his antics frustrating the club and management, the manager at the time, Wojciech Łazarek, saw him as being so important for the team, with Łazarek saying he'd prefer one Pękala than an additional three players on the pitch.
Eventually his drinking habits lead to the player retiring from football in 1988 at the age of 27 having made 114 appearances and scored 14 goals in all competitions.
In total he received six caps for Poland, four of those coming against Japan during an international team tour of the country in 1981 with the other two games coming against Bulgaria and Finland.
This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by Scottish constituencies at the 2019 United Kingdom general election for the 58th Parliament of the United Kingdom (2019–present).
The son of Sir Charles Halstaff Kenderdine and Dame Henrietta Florence Bailey, he was born in October 1897 at Chislehurst, Kent.
Following the war, Kenderdine played first-class cricket for the Royal Navy in 1921 and 1922, making two appearances against the British Army cricket team, though without much success.
He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander in May 1927, at which point he was retired from the navy.
Juan Joyita shown onscreen as Juan Joyita quiere ser Caballero is a Colombian telenovela created by Magda Quintero and broadcast on RCN Televisión in 2001.
The story revolves around in the Hacienda La Herradura, a place where a hidden treasure lies, but when a curse is found it would fall on who will find it.
One day Juan's father is discovered by Helena while he was finding the treasure, at that moment a curse fell on their family.
So he decides to usurp the identity of Tomás to start his revenge against the Caballero family, but everything becomes even more confusing because we must choose between revenge and love for Lucrecia (Catalina Londoño).
By the end of the 1970s, he was Chair of the Region 1 Cab Trade Committee, and in 1980 he was elected to the union's General Executive Council.
In this role, he devised an index which was later adopted by the Department of Transport to calculate annual increases in taxi fares.
Hagger was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, then of the Communist Campaign Group, and its successor, the Communist Party of Britain.
Hagger won election to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC), and in 1989 was elected as chair of the Trades Union Councils Joint Consultative Committee.
He earned a master's degree from Duke University and then a doctorate in epidemiology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The men's 67.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 24 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Of these, 94.8% spoke Russian, 2.9% Siberian Tatar, 1.3% Komi-Zyrian, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Yiddish as their native language.
Tapkir was elected as a legislator of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Haveli in 1985 as a Indian National Congress candidate.
Anton Watson (born October 6, 2000) is an American college basketball player for the Gonzaga Bulldogs of the West Coast Conference (WCC).
In his sophomore season, he averaged 19 points per game and was named most valuable player (MVP) of the Greater Spokane League.
As a junior, he averaged 23 points, 11 rebounds and five assists per game and won the Class 4A state title while earning tournament MVP honors.
In his senior season, he averaged 21.6 points, 7.1 rebounds and 3.8 assists per game, helped Gonzaga Prep win a second consecutive 4A state championship.
He was the unanimous MVP of the state tournament and recognized as Associated Press 4A Player of the Year and Washington Mr. Basketball.
On November 5, 2019, Watson debuted for Gonzaga, recording seven points, five rebounds and four assists in a win over Alabama State.
Watson's father, Deon Sr., played college basketball for Idaho and left as the all-time rebounding leader before playing professionally in Europe and South America.
Watson's older brother, Deon Jr., played college football for his father's alma mater as a tight end and wide receiver, while his older sister, Haile, played volleyball at the collegiate level for Fresno State.
The Archiv für Musikwissenschaft is a quarterly German-English-speaking trade magazine devoted to music history and historical musicology, which publishes articles by well-known academics and young scholars.
The first two volumes 1918/1919 and 1919/1920 were published by Breitkopf & Härtel, then the volumes 1921 to 1926 by .
With the 8th volume the publication of the journal was stopped in 1927, but resumed in 1952 with the 9th volume.
Publisher of the quarterly was Wilibald Gurlitt (in connection with Heinrich Besseler, Walter Gerstenberg and Arnold Schmitz), who assigned the editorship to Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht.
With the 19th/20th volume 1962/1963 the Archive for Musicology was taken over by the Franz Steiner Verlag and the publication to Eggebrecht, who kept it together with the editor until the 56th volume (1999).
Albrecht Riethmüller has been publishing the journal since 2000, the editors are Frank Hentschel (2000-2006), Gregor Herzfeld (2007-2014) and Andreas Domann (since 2015).
He served as the organizer and later became the secretary of the United Gold Coast Convention in Wenchi between 1946 and 1949.
In 1949' he switched allegiance to the Convention People's Party (CPP) and served as the first constituency chairman for the party in the Wenchi district.
In 1959 he was appointed camp superintendent of the Workers Brigade in and in 1960 he became the CPP Eastern Regional organiser.
In 1963 he was appointed Regional Education secretary for the CPP and in 1965 he became the member of parliament for the Tan-Banda constituency.
Anna Marie Manasco is an American attorney from Alabama who is an announced nominee to be a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.
Manasco served as a law clerk to Judge William H. Pryor Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
She is currently a partner at Bradley Arant Boult Cummings in Birmingham, Alabama, where her practice focuses on trial strategy and appeals in complex commercial litigation.
She has represented clients before the Supreme Court of the United States, numerous federal courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court of Alabama.
On December 18, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Manasco to serve as a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.
President Trump will nominate Manasco to the seat vacated by Judge Karon O. Bowdre, who will assume senior status on April 25, 2020.
During the Protestant Reformation in the early 16th century, the city of Bern adopted the new Protestant faith and the city's churches converted, leaving the remaining Catholics in Bern without a church.
Following the French invasion of Switzerland in 1798 and the political reforms of the Helvetic Republic, the catholic community of Bern held mass in the choir of the Bern Minster until 1803.
The Church of St. Peter and Paul was begun in 1858 as the first Catholic church built in Bern since the Reformation.
It was built next to the Town Hall of Bern, on the site of the St. Johannsen granary (which had been built over the ruins of a mint which burnt to the ground in 1787).
The church was designed by H Marchal and Pierre-Joseph Edmond Deperthes in the style of the Romanesque and French cathedral Gothic.
Following the First Vatican Council (1869-1870) some Catholics in Switzerland were dissatisfied with the Council and split away from the church to form the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland.
She soon won election to the union's executive, and in 1946 was awarded the Trade Union Congress' Women's Gold Badge for her contributions to trade unionism.
The union's secretary at the time was Anne Godwin, and it was extremely unusual for a mixed trade union to be led by two women.
Walker and Godwin worked together well, focusing on improving working conditions for all clerks, and moving towards equal pay for women.
In 2003, she was elected a full member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and a decade later, she received the Zois Lifetime Achievement Award.
She graduated from the Faculty of Arts at the University of Ljubljana in 1961 in Slovene and Russian languages as well as Slovene and Russian literature.
From 1961, she worked at the Pedagogy Faculty of University of Maribor, after 1996 as a full professor of history and dialectology of the Slovene language.
Zorko dealt with multilingual intertwining primarily with the German and Hungarian languages, and analyzed the speech of Eastern Slovene dialects in comparison with the Slovene literary language.
In return, Karga will square things with the Guild, which would allow the Mandalorian and the Child to live in peace.
Kuill has also rebuilt and reprogrammed IG-11 to act as a nurse droid instead of a bounty hunter, and the group journeys to Nevarro.
In return, Karga shoots his associates and explains that his original plan was to kill the Mandalorian and take the Child to the Client, but that after the Child saved his life, he could not go through with it.
The group formulates a new plan: Karga will pretend that Dune captured the Mandalorian, and all three will enter the town to meet the Client.
During the meeting, the Client receives a call from Moff Gideon, whose stormtrooper and deathtroopers surround the building and open fire, killing the Client.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 100% with an average rating of 8.5/10, based on 25 reviews.
The men's 75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 24 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
The alliance includes Himilo Qaran party, led by former President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, and Peace and Development Party led by former President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.
Other key leaders joining the coalition include Ilays party leader Abdulkadir Osoble, former South West President Sharif Hassan and former defense minister Mohamed Abdi, the first interim president of Jubaland.
The alliance has been formed ahead of the 2020 Somali elections, when for the first time since 1969 Somalia is set to hold one man one vote elections.
Reconciliation and dialogue between the federal government and federal member states will be critical to making further progress on political, security and economic reforms.
This is a step in the right direction that will contribute to the process of political democratization of Somalia with the goal of safeguarding the sovereignty, unity and independence of the republic of Somalia.
In November 2019 the FNP donated $200,00 to flood victims in Beledweyne, Bardale and other areas affected by the floods and declared the establishment of two special teams to co-ordinate the relief work.
In November 2019 the FNP repeatedly called for immediate intervention by the UN and AU for the withdrawel of Ethiopian troops from Gedo, stating the presence of Ethiopian forces in the region is illegal and outside the AMISON framework.
In December 2019 the FNP released a statement explaining their reasons for withdrawing from talks with the Federal Government of Somalia and accusing the government of human rights abuses and lack of transparency.
He represented Algeria at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, Brazil and he won the bronze medal in the men's 400 metres T13 event.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships held in London, United Kingdom he won the bronze medal in the men's 400 metres T13 event.
At the 2018 World Para Athletics Tunis Grand Prix held in Tunis, Tunisia he won the gold medal in the men’s 400 metres T13 event.
François-Auguste Fauveau de Frénilly was born in Paris, France on 14 November 1768 to Frédéric-Auguste Fauveau de Frénilly and Charlotte-Pauline-Victoire Chastelain.
Frénilly was educated and trained to attain the highest levels of the French Aristocracy and as such held disdain for the French Revolution.
Frénilly studied law under Bishop Lévesque de Pouilly in Reims, France successfully defending his thesis after three years of dedicated study.
After completing his studies, in consultation with his mother and his uncle, Frénilly began preparation for a financial career in anticipation of receiving title to Receiver-General of the Domaines Poitou and Angoumois.
In anticipation of being granted his titles, Frénilly moved to the provinces and setup office in Poitou in early 1788, learning dominial tasks.
In the spring of 1790, Frénilly suddenly departed the provinces to return to Paris arriving on the eve of July 14, 1790, known as Fête_de_la_Fédération.
Sometime later before Catherine would marry Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, and become Princesse de Bénévent, Frénilly would find himself at the center of her attentions and they would vacation together to his Lake Cottage.
As Paris descended into turmoil in the summer of 1792, Frénilly joined the and established his estate as one of the rally points upon the sound of the general drum.
Over the course of 10 August 1792, the Batallion des Filles-Saint-Thomas and Frénilly were re-positioned from Tuleries to two other courtyards, the public uproar increased and fighting broke out.
On June 4, on his official Instagram account, he posted a picture of a business card showing Seungri as the CEO of YGX Entertainment.
In 2018, the label launched a dance and vocal academy, called X ACADEMY, where students could potentially be scouted by YG Entertainment as trainees.
Pierre Esser (Turkish: Cengiz Dülgeroğlu; born 4 December 1970 in Germany) is a German retired footballer who now works as a financial service provider to footballers.
Ukraine competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics held between 12 and 21 December 2019 in Province of Sondrio in Northern Italy.
Most medals were won in cross-country skiing and the country finished in 3rd place in the medal table with a total of four gold medals, four silver medals and three bronze medals.
Of the 14 unofficial members, three were Europeans appointed by the Governor to represent banking, mercantile and shipping interests, and two were Europeans elected by the Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Mines.
The remaining nine unofficial members were Africans, six of which were elected by the Provincial Councils (three by the Eastern Province Council, two by the Central Province Council and one by the Western Province Council) and three directly-elected members representing the municipalities of Accra, Cape Coast and Sekondi.
The Accra Ratepayers Association had several potential candidates, including F. V. Nanka-Bruce, Emmanuel Charles Quist and Akilagpa Sawyerr, eventually settling on Nanka-Bruce.
Quist claimed he had been the initial choice, but then rejected when it was revealed that he was not a member of the Association.
In Accra, Frederick Nanka-Bruce of the Accra Ratepayers' Association was elected with 806 votes, defeating A. W. Kojo Thompson of the Manbii Party (558 votes) and Quist (343 votes) on a 69% turnout.
The A4 road is a long road in Kenya extending from Gilgil in Nakuru County to the Ethiopian border on the East side of Lake Turkana in Marsabit County.
The section Rumuruti-Maralal-Baragoi is considered to be the 'gateway to Samburu County' and as of 2019 it was being tarmaced from Rumuruti up to Maralal.
In 1947, part of the inhabitants was relocated to Vedensky district, and in 1957, after the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, they were again relocated to the territory of the Khasavyurt district, where the village Novogagatli was formed.
However, part of the villagers did not return, but founded the village of Dzerzhinskoye in the Khasavyurt district on the site of the former Kumyk farm Adil-otar.
The Leesburg Pike Line, designated Route 28A, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Tysons Corner station of the Silver Line of the Washington Metro and King Street – Old Town station of the Yellow and Blue lines of the Washington Metro.
In the Alexandria portion of the route, the 28A runs limited stop between Inova Alexandria Hospital and King Street Station, while the remaining portion are local service.
The 28A runs through the neighborhoods of Falls Church, Seven Corners, Culmore, Bailey's Crossroads, Skyline City, Seminary West, and Old Town Alexandria.
The Leesburg Pike Line was introduced in 1939, as the route was part of the Washington Virginia & Maryland Coach Company, which serves along Leesburg Pike since 1939.
There was also the Seven Corner Line, which also ran on the same line, which was operated by the Alexandria, Barcroft and Washington Transit Company.
The Leesburg Pike Line was known as the Alexandria-Tysons Corner Line, as it runs between Old Town Alexandria, and Tysons Corner.
The 28 line brings in service on the neighborhoods of North Ridge in the 28A, and Seminary Hills in the 28B.
The 28A initially ran from Monday through Saturdays, while the 28B have daily service, although, select 28B weekday rush hour trips terminates at Bailey Crossroads.
The Old Town Segment of the route was discontinued in 2002, and both routes was truncated to King Street - Old Town station.
The 28X was part of the Leesburg Pike Line, until January 29, 2012, when the 28X was renamed to the Leesburg Pike Limited Line, leaving the 28A the sole route of the line.
On July 26, 2014, the 28A brings service to Tysons Corner station, one of the five stations of the Silver Line that opened.
This brings in bus connection to other routes which will also serve Tysons Corner station, as some other routes used to serve the Tysons Westpark Transit Station.
The 28A portion between Inova Alexandria Hospital and King Street Station became a limited-stop portion, local stops have been replaced by DASH routes AT5 and AT6.
As the Silver Line opened at Tysons Corner, the 28A extends from Tysons Corner Center to Tysons Corner station, bringing more bus connections to other routes.
Beginning June 25, 2017, Route 28A westbound trips to Tysons Corner Metrorail Station will not operate via Tysons Corner Center (Towers Crescent Dr, Tysons One Place and Fashion Blvd).
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 2000 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Holy See used a delegate—a member of its diplomatic corps not granted official status by their host country—to represent its interests to church officials, civil society, and the government.
For fifty years the Nuncio held a second appointment as nuncio, usually to Nicaragua; since April 1986 the Nuncio to Honduras has held only that position.
Of the 14 unofficial members, three were Europeans appointed by the Governor to represent banking, mercantile and shipping interests, and two were Europeans elected by the Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Mines.
The remaining nine unofficial members were Africans, six of which were elected by the Provincial Councils (three by the Eastern Province Council, two by the Central Province Council and one by the Western Province Council) and three directly-elected members representing the municipalities of Accra, Cape Coast and Sekondi.
The elections were held under a severely limited franchise, with only 4,058 people registered to vote in Accra from a population of around 60,000.
In Accra, the contest was a re-run of the 1931 elections, with incumbent MLC Frederick Nanka-Bruce again challenged by Kojo Thompson.
The after-effects of the Great Depression had increased opposition to colonial rule, with Nanka-Bruce's ineffective performance in the Legislative Council benefiting Thompson.
Thompson was supported by the Mambii Party, the Akwapem Improvement Association, the Ashanti Kotoko Society and the West African Youth League (and its founder I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson).
By the time the re-run took place on 16 April 1936, the Town Clerk had reduced the voter roll to only 2,858 by removing over 1,200 deceased residents.
The foundation has also given millions of dollars to anti-immigration groups such as NumbersUSA, the Federation for American Immigration Reform, and the Center for Immigration Studies.
The bulk of the foundation's donations are made at the direction of donors who may choose to support any IRS-qualified non-profit organization they wish.
The Charlotte Observer conducted a review of the ten largest community foundations in the United States and found that the Foundation for the Carolinas was the only one that supported nativist and anti-immigration causes.
As of December 2017 the co-op cost £1 per month to join, had 1,900 members who contributed on average £2.70 per month; and had six full-time staff.
To set up, produce its first issue, and launch citizen journalism workshops, it raised £3,300 in a crowdfunding campaign, was given £1,500 by Co-operatives UK and £1,600 by Lush.
In 2017 it received a grant of £40,000 from the Reva and David Logan Foundation to expand its capacity in the local community.
By the end of the war at least 600 officers were killed in fraggings, over 300 refused to combat and approximately 50,000 American servicemen deserted.
Along with resistance inside the U.S. military civilians opened up various GI Coffeehouses near military bases where civilians could meet with soldiers and could discuss and cooperate in the anti-war movement.
The first incident was in November 1965 when Lt. Henry H. Howe, Jr was court marshaled for shouting anti-war slogans during a protest in El Paso.
Another in 1966 was a case where three soldiers in Fort Hood refused deployment to Vietnam and were reprimanded, gaining the attention of anti-war activists.
At the Presidio of San Francisco a protest was staged by servicemen after another soldier was shot for walking away from a work detail.
The men's 82.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 26 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
She later worked as a clinical assistant at the East London Hospital for Children and at the Evelina London Children's Hospital.
During this time, she contributed a number of publications, and public addresses regarding a variety of topics including the effects of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), prostitution, and alcohol dependence on women.
This included writing a letter which had been signed by 73 members of the ARMW in 1898 to Lord George Hamilton, the Secretary of State for India, to criticise measures enacted in the previous year to combat the spread of STDs in the military stationed there.
It was about a convicted forger who is released from prison at the age of 26, and finds it difficult to reintegrate into society.
She had no formal training prior to being appointed therefore Gordon visited prisons in Europe in order to learn best practice.
She organised the prison labour so that menial tasks such as cleaning were assigned to short-term inmates while more productive roles were given to long-term inmates such as training for jobs when released.
Gordon is also credited with physical improvements in conditions in British prisons such as better lighting in jail cells with the use of clear glass in windows, and introducing notebooks to HM Prison Holloway.
She was a supporter of the British suffragette movement, and secretly communicated with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) about the state of prisons, and incarcerated leaders such as Emmeline Pankhurst.
When the WSPU headquarters were raided by the police on 23 May 1914, this correspondence was discovered and she was asked by the Home Office to renounce her association with the movement which she refused to do so.
During World War I, she served from July to December 1916 with the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service in Macedonia.
Gordon provided her with men's clothing and a train fare to South Wales, where she obtained work as a coal miner.
Initially this was thought likely as prison commissioners had recognised the need for it but after the 1922 general election, the new Home Secretary William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman decided against it.
Gordon was highly critical of Virginia Woolf's of artist Roger Fry particularly in its portrayal of his wife, the artist Helen Coombe, who she was close friends with.
She also felt it did not discuss the potential contribution, from her point of view, of Fry's extroverted personality to the deterioration in Coombe's mental health in later life.
It is not known whether Woolf replied to the letter but in previous brief references to Gordon in her writing she did not describe her with warm words.
Akhethetep was an ancient Egyptian official of the Old Kingdom, who is known from his burial at Giza, excavated 1929/1930 by the Egyptian Egyptologist Selim Hassan.
She took part in the women's individual event at the 1976 Summer Olympic Games and finished 12th with a score of 2399 points.
The 7th Syracuse Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 7 April 1957 at Syracuse Circuit, Sicily.
The race was run over 80 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Lancia-Ferrari D50, who also took pole position.
Of the 14 unofficial members, three were Europeans appointed by the Governor to represent banking, mercantile and shipping interests, and two were Europeans elected by the Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Mines.
The remaining nine unofficial members were Africans, six of which were elected by the Provincial Councils (three by the Eastern Province Council, two by the Central Province Council and one by the Western Province Council) and three directly-elected members representing the municipalities of Accra, Cape Coast and Sekondi.
In Cape Coast, the contest between Tufuhin Moore and Kofi Bentsi-Enchill saw both candidates using their supporters to bring voters to polling stations and trying to block their opponents voters from voting.
It is endemic to Bangka in Indonesia where it is found in the slow, flowing streams with black waters associated with peat swamp forests.
The specific name honours F. H. Deissner, a military health officer, who sent a collection of specimens of fishes from Bangka to Bleeker which included the type of this species.
Shah read Drama at Staffordshire University and then went on to train at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in West London.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 26 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
She is the founding partner and director of the Counterpoint Business Group Council, and co-founder of the Manos a la Obra foundation.
She is director of the Mexico Counterpoint Orchestra, which participated in the Eurochestries Festival in Quebec, Canada in 2016, and in Jonzac, France in 2018.
She has directed the Limón Concert Band and the Alajuela Concert Band in Costa Rica, the Symphony Orchestra of El Salvador, and the National Choir with Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, as well as the youth orchestras of the Choir and Orchestra System of El Salvador.
In 2019 she won the silver medal at the IBSA Judo Grand Prix held in Baku, Azerbaijan, the opening event of the IBSA Judo season.
All that is known of Kovojab is a few hundred words recorded in Wilbrink (2004) The Kovojab word list in Wilbrink (2004) was originally recorded by Peter Jan de Vries.
It was owned by the United Broadcasting Company and served as a semi-satellite of its WOOK-TV/WFAN-TV in Washington, D.C., with some locally originated programs.
Even though the station did not come on the air until March 1967, WMET-TV's construction permit was issued more than 13 years prior in December 1953, as WTLF on channel 18.
The channel specified on the permit was changed from 18 to 24 in 1961, as part of a four-way shuffle that primarily served to cluster the operating TV channels in the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, area, by changing channels 55 and 71 there to 21 and 33.
In 1962, United turned its efforts to constructing WOOK-TV, channel 14 in Washington, D.C., and noted that it hoped to put WTLF on the air within six to twelve months of signing on WOOK-TV.
However, channel 24 still was not on the air by 1965, when the Federal Communications Commission put pressure on the owners of dark UHF construction permits—including WTLF—to explain why they should not be withdrawn; also at that time, the FCC denied an application by United to allow WTLF to begin operations on channel 18 before moving to 24.
In August 1965, the FCC approved changes to the construction permit reflecting the facilities it would build; the next month, WTLF changed its call letters to WMET-TV.
The station's first live program from its Baltimore studios was a three-hour special on April 17, presenting films on both sides of the Vietnam War argument.
Pauline Wells Lewis, then a disc jockey at WSID and in the middle of a 50-year career in gospel music and local radio, hosted a Saturday night half-hour.
In 1971, the station's news director was 19-year-old John Domenick, a college sophomore who delivered a half-hour newscast at 4:30 p.m. each weekday compiled from wire service material.
Channel 24's studios were a converted movie theater, the former Avalon Theater on Park Heights Avenue, which also housed the United Baltimore radio stations; the radio studios occupied the former manager's office and production room, and the auditorium was converted into a studio.
In 1971, United found a proposed buyer for its Baltimore station: the Christian Broadcasting Network, which agreed to pay $750,000 to buy channel 24.
Later in the year, United announced it would exit television altogether; by this time, CBN had cut its purchase price to $125,000, a sum negotiated after CBN threatened to pull out of the agreement altogether.
As United continued to lose money—$7,000 a month—running channel 24, and with many of its stations in legal limbo, the company took WMET-TV dark on January 14, 1972, and sought permission to remain silent from the FCC until the transfer to CBN is finalized.
The FCC Broadcast Bureau granted it 60 days of silence, worried that, if channel 24 were to wait for the CBN sale to return to air, it might be off air for months or years.
In 1973, while the hearing examiner's initial decision found against WOOK radio and preferred its competing application to the renewal of that station, it found United qualified to be a licensee and recommended renewal of WFAN-TV's (unchallenged) license.
United asked the FCC to keep the WFAN-TV and WMET-TV licenses active pending a sale, but the FCC said that because of the multiple and interrelated proceedings against Eaton that were likely to take years, and since the sales were conditioned on hearing actions, that would simply take too long.
On April 26, 1974, the FCC ruled that both licenses should be revoked so that new applications could be accepted for Washington's channel 14 and Baltimore's channel 24.
In February 1977, Jesus Lives, Inc., whose president hosted a syndicated talk show of the same name, applied to build a new station on channel 24.
After years of trying to obtain funding to obtain the facility and the sale of the construction permit, channel 24 returned to Baltimore nearly 14 years after it had left, as WKJL-TV on December 24, 1985.
In 1931, at the age of 23, he won the international architectural competition for the Columbus Lighthouse in Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Republic, a memorial monument that was a tribute to Christopher Columbus.
In 1927 he was apprenticed to James Theodore Halliday in Manchester for several months, before moving to work with Francis Jones as assistant, between 1927 and 1928.
Although she held several roles at the paper, she is best known for the 15 years she spent as the fashion editor.
Beginning in the 1940s, she reported on each of the New York fashion shows for 15 years, with the exception of one season during which time she was a member of the first Canadian tourist part to visit Russia.
She was a promoter of Canadian made clothing, regularly serving as a commentator at fashion shows held during the Canadian National Exhibition.
She died September 24, 1963 at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital following a short illness attributed to a heart condition exacerbated by diabetes.
Pemba is a tapered, round-shaped chalk made of limestone that may have different colors, used ritualistically in Afro-Brazilian religions such as Candomblé, Umbanda, Quimbanda and Quiumbanda.
Its main function in rituals is for the writing of the crossed out point, being a sacred spelling may have different geometric shapes and traces, which represents a certain phalanx of spirits or guide.
The 2019–20 Incarnate Word Cardinals women's basketball team represents the University of the Incarnate Word in the 2019-20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The award is presented by The Chromatographic Society, a UK based organization promoting all aspects of chromatography and related separation techniques.
Bobby Koelble (born September 15, 1968) is an American guitarist who performs in the death metal, blues, funk and jazz genres, and as a freelance, studio musician.
Koelble is best known for his time in the latter years of Death (1994-1996), the influential band that defined death metal.
Koelble joined Death when its founder, Chuck Schuldiner, whom he had met in high school in the Orlando area, was recommended to him through a friend working at a local music store.
The men's +90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 26 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Dike played college soccer for the University of Virginia and was selected in the first round (5th overall) of the 2020 MLS SuperDraft by Orlando City having already signed a Generation Adidas contract.
He is the most recent recipient of the offensive category for the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament Most Outstanding Player.
Ahead of the 2018 NCAA Division I men's soccer season, Dike signed a national letter of intent to play college soccer for the Virginia Cavaliers men's soccer program.
On September 21, 2018, Dike made his first start for the Cavaliers, playing 57 minutes in a 2–0 win at Syracuse.
Dike would score four more goals during the season before an injury sidelined him during the 2018 ACC Men's Soccer Tournament.
Dike returned on November 18, 2018 for the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, where he recorded his first collegiate assist in a 2–0 victory against Furman.
On August 30, 2019, in the opening game of the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer season, Dike dished out two assists in a 2–0 win against Pacific.
Dike lead the Cavaliers with goals and assists during the 2019 season, netting 10 goals and providing eight assists over the course of the season.
On December 15, 2019, Dike scored the tying goal in the 2019 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game against Georgetown to send the game to overtime, where Virginia ultimately lost in penalty kicks.
Dike was named the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament Most Outstanding Offensive Player following the match, giving Dike his first national collegiate award.
Dike played one season in USL League Two during the 2018 season between high school and college soccer, with the OKC Energy U23.
On January 9, 2020, Dike was selected in the first round (5th overall) of the 2020 MLS SuperDraft by Orlando City having already signed a Generation Adidas contract.
Dike is the younger brother of professional footballer, Bright Dike, who has played in Major League Soccer and for the Nigerian national team.
The wharf was completed in 1772 and owned by Christopher Gadsden, a politician from South Carolina and the creator of the Gadsden flag.
Born to Sid J. Hare, a landscape architect, and Mathilda Amelia Korfhage, Hare attended Manual High School in Kansas City and then Harvard University for landscape architecture from 1908 to 1910, where he studied under the noted Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., but never completed the degree.
During World War I, Hare was an urban planner for the U.S. Army at Camp Funston and for the United States Housing Corporation.
Korunović finished his higher education in Belgrade and went on to finish postgraduate studies at Czech Technical University in Prague, after being granted a scholarship provided by Ministry of Education of Serbia.
He worked as a government official in the Ministry of Construction and was responsible for construction of a number of Sokol movement buildings, a wooden stadium, churches and other prominent buildings, with total of 143 authored projects.
She notes that where the third strong beat should come (after the fourth syllable), some performers traditionally leave a pause equivalent to one short syllable; the third strong beat is then silent, and the fourth strong beat then falls on the fourth short syllable.
Deo argues that this rhythm is also (a variation of) trochaic, with a strong beat on the 1st, 4th, and 7th syllables.
The final section of 7 syllables is also found at the end of other metres such as , , , , and .
It has been argued that both and are later expansions of the earlier , which occurs occasionally even in the Vedas mixed with other varieties of .
The traditional Indian method of analysing metre is to use three-syllable patterns known as , which are algebraically represented by letters of the alphabet.
The metre was also used in the play by Bhavabhūti (8th century), for a scene in which the abandoned lover Mādhava searches for a cloud to take a message to his beloved Mālatī.
Throughout his career, he has held numerous leadership positions ranging from team leader to brigade command sergeant major in Signal, Cavalry, Aviation, Intelligence, Armor and Infantry units.
He served as the brigade operations Sergeant Major for the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division; the battalion command sergeant major for 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment; and the command sergeant major for the 2nd Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment.
In 1924, the Lenin Training Campus (LUG) was opened in Nalchik, which was located in a building later transferred to the medical faculty.
In 1925, a medical school was opened there, as well as courses for tractor drivers, an agricultural school, and a political school.
In total, there were 21 departments that trained not only school teachers, including foreign language teachers, but also civil engineers and educational agronomists.
For achievements in the training of qualified specialists and the development of scientific research, Kabardino-Balkarian State University was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1982.
On December 30, 1996, by the Decree of the President of the KBR, it was named after his first rector Khatuta Mutovich Berbekov.
KBSU is one of the leading scientific, educational, informational, social and cultural centers of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, annually graduates up to two thousand specialists, in terms of equipment it occupies leading positions among other classical universities of Russia.
It was acquired in 1942 by the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna but was later, as part of a reoganisation of their artwork, transferred to its current home in the Schloss Belvedere in the same city.
The work is one of only three images of Poissy, which lies some 25km north-west of Paris, that Monet produced during the two years (December, 1881 to April, 1883) he lived there.
With his companion Alice Hoschedé and their combined families, he occupied the capacious Villa Saint Louis overlooking his beloved River Seine, but nevertheless found the town offered him little of interest from an artistic point of view.
He played at club level for Mirehouse ARLFC (in Whitehaven, of the West Cumbria League, founded by Eddie Bowman) and Workington Town.
David Moffatt made his début, and he played his last match, for Workington Town in the 6-24 defeat by Castleford during the 1984–85 season at Derwent Park, Workington on Sunday 6 January 1985.
Juliet JoAnn McKenna is a former Magistrate Judge and current Associate Judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
In April 2002, McKenna was appointed as a magistrate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia pursuant to the Family Court Act of 2001 which created the seat.
President George W. Bush renominated her on February 14, 2005, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Nan R. Shuker.
He was one of the leading juvenile colt in Japan in 2019 when he was undefeated in three races including the Saudi Arabia Royal Cup and the Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes.
He was from the tenth crop of foals sired by Heart's Cry a horse whose wins included the Arima Kinen and the Dubai Sheema Classic.
Salios's dam Salomina was a German-bred mare who showed top-class form in her native country, winning the Preis der Diana in 2012 before being exported to Japan.
Salomina's dam Saldentigerin won the Group 3 Baden-Württemberg-Trophy and was a female-line descendant of the German broodmare Suleika (foaled 1954), making her a relative of Slip Anchor, Buena Vista and Manhattan Cafe.
Salios made his debut in an event for previously unraced juveniles over 1600 metres at Tokyo Racecourse on 2 June and won from Absolutismo and six others.
After a break of four months the colt returned to the track and was stepped up in class to contest the Grade 3 Saudi Arabia Royal Cup at Tokyo on 5 October when he was ridden by Shu Ishibashi and started the 0.5/1 favourite against eight opponents.
He raced in third place before moving up to dispute the lead in the straight and got the better of the filly Cravache d'Or to win by one and a quarter length in a race record time of 1:32.7 for 1600 metres.
On 15 December Salios was partnered by Ryan Moore when he started favourite for the Grade 1 Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes at Hanshin Racecourse.
His fifteen opponents included Taisei Vision (winner of the Keio Hai Nisai Stakes), Red Bel Jour (Daily Hai Nisai Stakes), Bien Fait (Hakodate Nisai Stakes) and Meiner Grit (Kokura Nisai Stakes).
After racing in third place behind Bien Fait and Meisho Titan he went to the front early in the straight and steadily increased his lead to win by two and a half lengths from Taisei Vision.
His winning time of 1:33.0 was a new record for the race, beating the mark of 1:33.3 set by Danon Premium in 2017.
In January 2020, at the JRA Awards for 2019, Salios finished runner-up in the poll for Best Two-Year-Old Colt, losing to Contrail by 77 votes to 197.
Beginning in 1958, Melnick worked as a music critic for the Los Angeles Times, ending her tenure there in 1965 after writing over 200 articles, mostly about jazz musicians and concerts but also covering classical music and theatre events.
Her research and advocacy resulted in the city of Los Angeles officially preserving fifteen manhole covers in 1984 at Heritage Square historic park.
Melnick began to host jazz salons (known as the Double M Jazz Salon) in the living room of her Encino home in 1996, attracting dozens of talented musicians (such as Horace Tapscott, Bobby Bradford, and Gerald Wiggins} as well as hundreds of jazz fans including Morgan Freeman, Marla Gibbs, Amber Tamblyn, and Russ Tamblyn.
The Double M Jazz Salon lived on even after her death, as jazz concerts and music scholarships were sponsored by her brother Richard Clar and held at the Mayme A. Clayton Library and Museum in Culver City, California for several years.
Fox Went out on a Chilly Night: An Old Song is a 1961 picture book written and illustrated by Leo Lionni.
Derek Andrew Beard (born 10 September 1961) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Northern Districts from 1987 to 1991.
In List A cricket his best figures were 5 for 34, the first five wickets to fall, also against Central Districts, in 1990-91.
Paul Halloran stood for the party in the 2019 United Kingdom general election in Batley and Spen, coming third with 12.4% of the vote.
The winners will earn a berth in the group stage of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League, and also qualify for the 2020 Turkish Super Cup.
The peak was named in 1964 by a George Whitemore mountaineering party in recognition of the grizzly bears upon whose territory the mountaineers were trespassing.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Horribilis Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Gambeat is the stage name of Jean Michel Dercourt, a French bass guitarist and DJ, best known for his musical collaboration with Manu Chao.
As a member of the Parisian group French Lovers, Gambeat travelled with Manu Chao and his band Mano Negra during their famous rail tour through civil war-racked Colombia in the early 1990s.
After Mano Negra was disbanded and a new band Radio Bemba founded by Manu Chao, Gambeat became one of its integral members alongside Madjid Fahem.
She represented the Netherlands at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China and she won a bronze medal in the women's 70 kg event.
The 2020 WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play is the 22nd WGC Match Play, and will be played on March 25–29 at Austin Country Club in Austin, Texas.
The players have until 5 pm ET on March 20 to officially commit to playing, alternates will be the next highest ranked players.
Each group is decided by a round-robin format played over Wednesday to Friday, with the sixteen group winners advancing to the knock out phase.
If two or more players are tied on points at the conclusion of the group phase, sudden death stroke play playoff is played between tied players.
It was discovered, however, that the renovation of the track was done with a technical error, and the trains could not go as fast as planned.
In 2018, the technical issues were solved, and, after a short trial, the decision was made to open the station on 15 December 2019, when the new schedule of the Dutch Railways was enacted.
Darya won the elections to the Moscow City Duma of the seventh convocation in 8 single-mandate constituencies (the districts Airport, Voikovsky, Koptevo, Sokol), receiving 14911 votes (36.6%).
The 8th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 5 May 1956 at Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire.
The race was run over 60 laps, and was won by a lap by British driver Stirling Moss in a Vanwall.
(December 12, 1712 – February 6, 1794) was a Massachusetts politician and was a delegate from Pembroke, Massachusetts to the first Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1774.
The Boston Committee of Correspondence read their Boston Pamphlet at a Boston town meeting held at Faneuil Hall on November 20, 1772, which enumerated many violations against the American colonists by British Parliament and the King of England.
The citizens of Pembroke, Massachusetts held a town meeting on December 28, 1772 to discuss the Boston Pamphlet, and came to a collective agreement that the major grievances outlined in the Boston Pamphlet were reasonable, and they further determined to elect a Committee of Correspondence from Pembroke to create a set of their own Resolves against the British administration.
As of 2019, the Turner estate, located at the intersection of Route 14 and Route 53 on Washington St. in Pembroke, is the subject of an archaeological survey by the Fiske Center for Archaeological Research at the University of Massachusetts Boston.
Massachusetts Representative Josh S.Cutler (D-6th Plymouth) passed a Proclamation in the Massachusetts House of Representatives declaring December 28, 2018 as Pembroke Resolves Day, honoring John Turner's authorship of the Pembroke Resolves.
This name is most commonly used in connection with the search for extrasolar planets, where they are useful because these evolved stars are cooler and have more spectral lines than their main sequence counterparts, making planet detection easier.
A planet with a mass roughly 2.2 times that of Jupiter orbiting at a distance of 2.09 astronomical units (AU) once every 883 days was discovered in 2011.
HD 131496 and its planet, HD 131496b, were chosen as part of the 2019 NameExoWorlds campaign organised by the International Astronomical Union, which assigned each country a star and planet to be named.
The winning proposal for the name of the star was Arcalís, after a mountain peak in northern Andorra where the Sun shines through a gap twice a year at fixed dates, leading to its use as a primitive Solar calendar.
The planet was named Madriu, after a glacial valley and river in southeastern Andorra that forms the major part of the Madriu-Perafita-Claror UNESCO world heritage site.
Piero Puricelli (born April 4, 1883 in Milan - died May 8, 1951 in Milan), Count of Lomnago, was an Italian engineer and politician in the first half of the 20th century who was responsible for the construction in Italy, of the first motorways in the world.
For its time, this was a futuristic work: the cart and the bicycle were still the dominant means of personal transport in Italy at the time, and there were no more than 85,000 motor vehicles in Italy in 1924, half in Lombardy.
The Autostrada dei Laghi was the first exclusive-use motorway built in the world because the high-speed AVUS road in Berlin was also used as a test track for motor vehicles.
The Autodromo Nazionale di Monza (Monza National Racetrack) project was assigned to Arturo Mercanti, then director of the Automobile Club of Milan, and the engineers Alfredo Rosselli and Piero Puricelli.
The national racetrack was the third permanent circuit in the world, preceded only by the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the United States and by the English one at Brooklands, no longer in existence today.
Juanita Boisseau(July 22, 1911, Baltimore, Maryland – May 22, 2012, New York City) also known as Juanita Boisseau Ramseur, was an American dancer.
In the early 1930s Boisseau began performing at the Cotton Club, a night club in New York that featured numerous well-known African American jazz musicians and entertainers from 1923 to 1940, through the Prohibition era.
She left for Paris briefly around 1935 along with other African American entertainers of the time as they were treated better and more appreciated among Europeans.
She was one of sixteen female dancers who made up the Apollo chorus line and were considered to be the best female dancers in New York.
Among other notable dancers who worked in the chorus line during the 1930s were Ristina Banks, Carol Carter, Marion Evelyn Edwards, Elaine Ellis, Myrtle Hawkings, Temy Fletcher, Cleo Hayes and others.
She, like the majority of the Cotton Clubs Girls, criticized the film as it didn’t accurately capture the history of the club and the famous chorus line, focusing more on violence and gangsters.
The film draws the portrait of her personality showing her current life and memories from the 1930s when she danced in the Cotton Club working with Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong.
The New York Film Critics Online Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award given annually by the New York Film Critics Online.
The Egyptian constitution of 2014 guarantees a range of rights for people with disabilities, and Egypt passed legislation entitled the Law on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in February 2018.
However, a study in 2011 by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and Egyptian civil society estimated that 8.5 million people, or 11% of Egypt's population, had a disability.
Egypt is a party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, having signed the treaty on 4 April 2007 and ratified it on 10 April 2008.
Egypt passed legislation entitled the Law on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in February 2018, the first legislation on disability since 1975.
In response to the WHO's Global Disability Action Plan 2014–2021, in 2015 a technical consultation was carried out in Egypt for the development of a National Disability, Health and Rehabilitation Plan.
In November 2019, Columbia University's Tow Center for Digital Journalism identified over 450 websites linked to Timpone, all of which presented themselves as local news outlets.
Timpone is involved with a number of interconnected media companies, including Local Government Information Services (LGIS), which he co-founded, as well as Metric Media, Franklin Archer, Locality Labs (formerly known as Journatic and LocalLabs), and Record Inc.
In March 2019, the publication released a number of articles opposing a Hinsdale referendum that would increase the school district's budget by $140 million.
Giovanni Biamonti (12 October 1889 – 4 July 1970) was an Italian musicologist best known for his work on the composer Ludwig van Beethoven.
Administrative secretary of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia from 1924 to 1963, Biamonti's greatest achievement was his eponymous catalogue of Beethoven's complete works, including many not contained in either the Beethoven Gesamtausgabe, or Kinsky/Halm or Hess catalogues.
Arranged chronologically, it contains a total of 849 works, including sketches and fragments stretching from the variations for piano on a march by Ernst Christoph Dressler of 1782 to Beethoven's last bars in 1827.
HDEL is a target peptide sequence in plants and yeasts located on the C-terminal end of the amino acid structure of a protein.
The HDEL sequence prevents a protein from being secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates its return if it is accidentally exported.
The similar sequence KDEL performs the same function in animals, while plants are known to utilize both KDEL and HDEL signaling sequences.
It was published in Leipzig on 3 copies on the following dates: 20 April and 20 September 1846 and 1 January 1847.
Ivan Bogorov conceives the newspaper as a fortnightly, but only 3 copies with different titles and a circulation of 500 are published.
Under the editorship of Ivan Bogorov, 88 issues were published, while on 25 February 1850, he was forced to lay the newspaper and printing press for 1000 francs and go to Bucharest.
He taught his sister Susannah and his brother to sing, and they both made their debuts with this work, his sister playing the title role.
The 1733 cast was: Jane Barbier (King), Richard Leveridge (Sir Trusty), Richard Arne (page), Miss Jones (Queen), Susannah Arne (Rosamond), and Isabella Chambers (Grideline).
The beauty of Arne’s setting and of Susannah’s voice made the opera a success, and it had a run of seven nights.
Elizabeth Omowunmi Tekovi Da-Silva (born June 10 1978) is a Nigerian born actress and movie producer of Togolese descent featuring predominantly in the Nigerian Yoruba movie industry.
She was precisely born in a geographical area known as Obalende in Lagos State where her parents resided and where she spent her childhood.
In an interview with a Nigerian print media The Punch she described Lagos as her home and stated in the interview that she was from a polygamous home.
Da-Silva attended Ireti Grammar School for secondary school education and in bid to obtain a college degree proceeded to Lagos State University and eventually graduated with a B.Sc.
Da-Silva in an interview disclosed that her attraction to the Nigerian Yoruba movie industry began whilst in secondary school and subsequently she began to get involved in school plays.
Da-Silva In an interview with The Punch media press stated that she officially debuted into the Nigerian Yoruba movie industry in 2004 through the help of Iyabo Ojo.
Da-Silva named Bukky Wright as her role model in the Nigerian Yoruba movie industry and stated that she had influenced her acting style significantly.
The game features a mix between a post-apocalyptic and a fantasy setting, and is heavily inspired by the pen-and-paper role-playing game Gamma World and Dungeons & Dragons.
While some rate the game as being more accessible compared to other roguelikes, other reviews find the game's interface confusing and are deterred by the lack of an in-depth tutorial.
Contrary to other traditional roguelikes, the game has a quest system as a core mechanic, with some of these quests being scripted while others are procedurally generated.
Players can choose to follow the main questline but can also choose to ignore it and play the game without following the pre-written plot.
The default starting location is the pre-made town of Joppa, but it is also possible to choose to spawn in one of the many procedurally generated towns.
It generates a set of historical events and group relationships mostly centered around a set of five randomly-generated ancient rulers, dubbed Sultans.
Instead of having historical events being generated without bias, its procedural history system is based around historical accounts, like word of mouth and ancient texts.
Rachel Thomas is an American computer scientist and founding Director of the Center for Applied Data Ethics at the University of San Francisco.
Thomas joined Exelon as a quantitative analyst, where she scraped internet data and built models to provide information to energy traders.
Thomas joined the University of San Francisco in 2016 where she founded and now directs the Center for Applied Data Ethics.
When Thomas started to develop neural networks, only a few academics were doing so, and she was concerned that there was a lack of sharing of practical advice.
Whilst there is a considerable recruitment demand for artificial intelligence intelligence researchers, Thomas has argued that even though these careers have traditionally required a PhD, access to supercomputers and large data sets, these are not essential prerequisites.
Thomas has studied unconscious bias in machine learning, and emphasised that even when race and gender are nor explicit input variables in a particular data set, algorithms can become racist and sexist when that information becomes latently encoded on other variables.
She believes that there should be more people from historically underrepresented groups working in tech to mitigate some of the harms that certain technologies may cause as well as to ensure that the systems created benefit all of society.
The 2019 World Taekwondo Grand Slam is the 3rd edition of the World Taekwondo Grand Slam series taking place from 18-20 December in Wuxi, China.
This was, in effect, the same event as the Euro-Asia Masters Challenge which ran a season earlier but under a different name.
This time, the field consisted of four world champions, Stephen Hendry, John Higgins, Ken Doherty and Mark Williams plus James Wattana, Ding Junhui, Marco Fu and up and coming Thai player, Atthasit Mahitthi.
The format was the same with the players split into two round robin groups with the top two from each progressing to the semi finals.
Jidbali road is a road which runs from Tifafleh near Las Anod airport in the south, to Xudun towards the north.
Its namesake refers to a locality a few miles westwards midway through the road, which is notable for being the deadliest confrontation between the Darwiishes and the British army.
Several of the most senior Darwiish figures died at the site, including Xayd Aaden Gallaydh, three of the sons of Beynax Aaden-Gallaydh, Xirsiwaal Maxamuud Cashuur, and four of the sons of Muuse Taagane.
Xudin (or Hudin) was itself briefly the headquarters of the haroun (Darawiish government) in the aftermath of Jidbali, whereupon they later fled to Halin, whilst the nearby hills of Bur Anod had previously been an outpost with small blockhouse fortifications.
During the Illig Agreement, the road between Tifafleh and Xudun (Hudin) was regarded as the western border for the grazing of Darawiish livestock.
Randall was born in Birmingham on April 3rd, 1945, to the novelist Inez Pearn (who published under her pen name, Elizabeth Lake) and the poet and sociologist Charles Madge, co-founder of Mass Observation and later Professor of Sociology at the University of Birmingham.
She studied at King Edward’s School in Birmingham and won a scholarship to Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, to study English, but decided to go to Cambridge instead to study history at Newnham College.
She completed her Masters degree in Russian and Soviet Politics at the London School of Economics in 1968, staying on to complete a Ph.D. on decision-making in local government.
While researching her Ph.D. she taught at the Polytechnic of Central London (later to become the University of Westminster) and subsequently at the University of Essex, where she became Professor of Politics.
Following her formal retirement in 2010, she became the Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex.
Vicky’s childhood was mainly spent in Birmingham with her parents and younger brother William, although there were also periods spent abroad, notably a year in Thailand.
Several weeks later, at her brother's request, her body was exhumed to determine whether she was the victim of a homicide.
Amine Adli (born 19 May 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the club Toulouse FC in the French Ligue 1.
Adli made his professional debut with Toulouse in a 4-1 Coupe de la Ligue loss to Olympique Lyonnais on 18 December 2019.
Once one of the town's most prestigious exports, and nationally famous, the production of the cheese went into decline by the 18th century, and was eventually forgotten.
Banbury cheeses first appear in the historical record in 1430, when fourteen were sent to John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, among supplies for France.
It was given as a gift to several significant figures, including Thomas Cromwell (1533 and 1538), Sir Joseph Williamson (1677), and Horace Walpole (1768).
Banbury ale enjoyed a high of popularity in the middle ages, but was virtually unknown outside the town into the 16th century; Banbury cakes maintain popularity today.
The centre of the cheese-making industry in the area was in the Northamptonshire hamlets, Grimsbury and Nethercote, though some producers were found in the town and nearby Oxfordshire hamlets.
The production of Banbury cheese declined into the 18th century; Edward Chamberlayne in 1700, Daniel Defoe in 1727, and Richard Pococke in 1756 were among the last to comment on it.
By 1840, the number of producers of this cheese was diminishing, and in 1848, for the first time, none was offered for sale at the Banbury fair.
Local historian Martin Thomas has speculated that the late-18th-century Inclosure Acts were responsible for the decline in the production of the cheese.
As land was taken from commoners and appropriated by new landlords, the new owners may have preferred the more profitable sheep over cattle, and so the town would begin to lack the products necessary for the cheese's production.
The Historical Society of Banbury attempted to find a cheese-maker to produce the cheese for the November 1969 annual dinner of the Society, but no capable cheese-makers were found, so the enterprise failed.
It was white and one-inch thick—otherwise unremarkable as compared to other soft cheeses—but commanded high prices and was much more delicious.
Defoe reports it cost 1s 6d per pound, new, and about 1s 9d, ripe (£8.90 and £10.40 in modern GBP, according to Thomas).
This insult alludes to the thin proportions of the cheese, especially after its rind was removed, mocking Slender's name and figure.
Prior to his election to the Senate, he served two terms in the New Hampshire House of Representatives for Strafford's 8th district.
Lucas Da Cunha (born 9 July 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the club Rennes in the French Ligue 1.
Da Cunha made his professional debut with Rennes in a 3-2 Coupe de la Ligue loss to Amiens SC on 18 December 2019.
North East Learning Trust is a multi-academy trust (MAT) that operates nine schools with academy status across northern England: three are primary schools and five are secondary.
The Trust is founded on deeply held principles that every child has the right to an excellent education and our vision is that every child experiences excellence every day.
She represented Poland at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's shot put F34 event.
In July 2019 she set a new world record in the women's discus throw F33 and women's javelin throw F33 events at the World Para Athletics Grand Prix in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Surya Tirkey (born 28 July 1998) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Besides, playing for AIFF Elite Academy, he also made an appearance in the 2016 IFA Shield final, and in the same year, he managed to lift the U-18 I-League honour.
Kennedy, who played right-handed, spent most of his career on the ITF circuit, reaching a career high singles ranking of 358 in the world.
During his career he featured in the main draw of three ATP Tour tournaments, the first as a qualifier at Newport in 2002.
The following year he received a wildcard to compete in the AAPT Championships in Adelaide and also played in Los Angeles, where he lost to fifth seed Mark Philippoussis in the first round.
As a doubles player he played in the main draw of the 2004 Australian Open, as a wildcard pairing with Todd Reid.
Mstyslav Chernov (; born 1985) is a Ukrainian photographer, photojournalist, filmmaker, and war correspondent known for his coverage of Ukrainian revolution, War in Donbass, including the downing of flight MH17, Syrian Civil War, Battle of Mosul in Iraq as well as for his diverse photography exhibitions.
Chernov’s materials have been published and aired by multiple news outlets worldwide, including CNN, BBC, The New York Times, Washington Post, and others.
He has both won and been a finalist for prestigious awards, including the Livingston Award, Rory Peck Award and various Royal Television Society awards.
The images of night violence impressed Chernov and triggered a shift from fine-art photography and documentary photography to conflict and war reporting.
In early December 2013, pro-Yanukovich police targeted and attacked members of the press, injuring Chernov's hand with a baton, tearing up his press credentials, and destroying his photography equipment.
In January 2014, ignoring Chernov's insignia that identified him as a member of the press, a pro-Yanukovich policeman deliberately threw a stun grenade into Chernov, injuring his legs and eye with shrapnel.
Many international reporters flocked to cover the Ukrainian Revolution which later transitioned into the annexation of Crimea and War in Donbass.
Chernov's background in photography and his partnership with other reporters allowed him to polish his video filming skills and become a regular freelancer for Associated Press in May 2014.
Russian military intervention to Donbass had created another conflict zone in Ukraine, and Chernov covered War in Donbass in 2014, becoming one of very few journalists who reported the conflict from both sides.
On his third day working as an independent AP journalist, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down in the area, and Chernov provided first images of the incident.
In subsequent years as an AP journalist and war correspondent, Chernov covered the war in Syria and the Battle of Mosul in Iraq as well as the European migrant crisis in Greece, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Austria, and Germany.
Chernov's Iraqi videos were finalist entries for Rory Peck Award in 2017 and for Royal Television Society awards in 2017 and 2018.
Chernov's reports were published worldwide, including being picked up by The Independent, The Seattle Times, Military Times, Navy Times, Washington Examiner, The Epoch Times.
Chernov's photographs were also published in the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Guardian, Daily Telegraph, Dailymail, Le Monde, Deutsche Welle, Die Zeit, and others, and his videos were aired on BBC, EuroNews, CNN, Fox News, Sky News, Al Jazeera, and others.
Commenting on his own work, Chernov noted that he doesn't necessarily enjoys war journalism, but feels that he's at the right place, albeit his work might transition at some point to a different kind of photography, for example, to working for National Geographic.
Three Days to Live () is a 1957 French crime film directed by Gilles Grangier and starring Daniel Gélin, Jeanne Moreau and Lino Ventura.
An actor, struggling as a part of a company touring the provinces, identifies the suspect in a murder case and becomes an overnight sensation.
Variations on the method have been adopted by most North American Class I railroads, with the notable exception of BNSF, as of 2019.
In March 2017, he was appointed CEO of CSX Transportation and began implementing PSR on its large network, but he died eight months later.
He qualified to represent Poland at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the bronze medal in the men's club throw F32 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Hitchcock is a Trustee of Currier Museum of Art in Manchester, NH and serves as a Director to St. Mary’s Bank: Nations first credit union.
She received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Rivier University alongside her husband in 2018 for their innovation and focus on technology, workforce development and service to the community.
In 1965, he became the member of parliament for the Ho constituency, a constituency that was formed from the merging of the Ho East and Ho West constituencies.
The Ho East seat was then declared vacant and Attigah was elected on the ticket of the Convention People's Party to occupy the seat.
Attigah was sworn into office together with Hans Kofi Boni (then the new member for the Ho West constituency) on 11 August 1960.
A Democrat, Chandley has represented the 11th district in the New Hampshire Senate since 2018, following her defeat of incumbent Republican Gary Daniels.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Holy See used a delegate—a member of its diplomatic corps not granted official status by their host country—to represent its interests to church officials, civil society, and the government until it appointed its first Apostolic Nuncio to Nicaragua in 1933.
For fifty years the Nuncio held a second appointment as nuncio, usually to Honduras; since April 1986 the Nuncio to Nicaragua has held only that position.
Quan Gomes (born 5 January 1996) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
U-16 where he got an opportunity to play in Thailand after winning the India leg of the Manchester United Premier Cup Under-15 competition.
The impeachment trial of Donald Trump, the 45th and incumbent president of the United States, began in the United States Senate on January 16, 2020, and is currently ongoing.
It is a result of the impeachment of President Trump by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 18, 2019, following an inquiry stage that lasted from September to November 2019.
The prosecution team from the House of Representatives, called impeachment managers, requested subpoena authority to introduce testimony from current/former White House officials, and Trump administration documents which were not provided to House investigators, but the request was voted down by Republican senators on January 21.
The prosecution then made its opening arguments between January 22–24, and the defense, a team of attorneys selected by Trump, made its arguments between January 25–28.
On January 31, a Senate majority of 51 Republican senators voted against allowing subpoenas to call witnesses or documents for the trial.
The Senate plans to conclude the trial with a vote on whether to convict the president on February 5, 2020, which requires a two-thirds majority.
The penalty for conviction is the removal from office; a separate vote would be required for disqualification from holding office in the future.
Under the U.S. Constitution, the House has the sole power of impeachment (), and after that action has been taken, the Senate has the sole power to hold the trial for all impeachments ().
After the emergence of Trump's phone call with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, House leadership came to the conclusion that impeachment might be necessary, and began an inquiry.
On October 8, 2019, he led a meeting on the subject, advising the Republican Senators to craft their responses according to their own political needs.
On December 15, Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, in a letter to McConnell, called for Mick Mulvaney, Robert Blair, John Bolton and Michael Duffey to testify in the expected Senate trial, and suggested that pre-trial proceedings take place on January 6, 2020.
Two days later, McConnell rejected the call for witnesses to testify, saying that the Senate's job is only to judge, not to investigate.
Schumer quickly replied, citing bipartisan public support for the testimony of witnesses who could fill in gaps caused by Trump preventing his staff from testifying in the House investigation.
On January 7, McConnell announced that he had the caucus backing to pass a blueprint for the trial, which discusses witnesses and evidence after the opening arguments.
Pelosi called for the resolution to be published before she could proceed with the next steps, but McConnell asserted that the House had no leverage and that there would be no negotiating over the trial.
Previously during the impeachment inquiry, the House invited Bolton to testify, but he refused; Bolton's lawyer also stated that Bolton would file a lawsuit if subpoenaed.
Parnas also had information on Vice President Mike Pence, former Energy Secretary Rick Perry, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Attorney General William Barr, Republican Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican Representative Devin Nunes, Nunes' aide Derek Harvey, journalist John Solomon, pro-Trump lawyers Joe diGenova and Victoria Toensing, and the pro-Trump super PAC, America First.
The Chief Justice is cited in Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the United States Constitution as the presiding officer in an impeachment trial of the President.
As such, Chief Justice John Roberts assumed that role and was sworn in by Senate President pro tempore Chuck Grassley on January 16, 2020.
I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that in all things appertaining to the trial of the impeachment of Donald John Trump, President of the United States, now pending, I will do impartial justice according to the Constitution and laws; [So help me God].
As in all parliamentary proceedings in the Senate, Justice Roberts is advised on procedural matters by Elizabeth MacDonough, Parliamentarian of the United States Senate.
The White House has formally announced its Senate trial counsel as being led by White House Counsel Pat Cipollone and Jay Sekulow, alongside Ken Starr, Alan Dershowitz, Pam Bondi, Jane Raskin, Eric Herschmann, and Robert Ray.
On January 20, the White House named eight House Republicans to serve on Trump's defense team: Doug Collins, Mike Johnson, Jim Jordan, Debbie Lesko, Mark Meadows, John Ratcliffe, Elise Stefanik, and Lee Zeldin.
Speaker Pelosi signed the articles of impeachment on January 15 and gave them to the sergeant-at-arms, who along with House Clerk Cheryl Johnson, and the managers, delivered them to the Senate where Johnson entered the chamber and announced to Grassley and the Senate leadership that President Trump had indeed been impeached and must stand trial.
Some Republicans criticized Pelosi for giving congressmen the pens used to sign the articles of impeachment, which have her name printed on them.
For this trial, the Senate President pro tempore swears in the chamber's presiding officer, the Chief Justice of the United States, who then swore in all senators who will act as jurors.
I solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that in all things appertaining to the trial of the impeachment of Donald John Trump, President of the United States, now pending, I will do impartial justice according to the Constitution and laws: So help me God.
On January 18, 2020, the House trial managers released a 111-page trial memorandum, which included new evidence from after Trump was impeached, such as the Government Accountability Office's conclusion that it was illegal for the Trump administration to have withheld military aid to Ukraine without informing Congress – a violation of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974.
The memorandum asserted the impeachment was illegitimate and the president should be immediately acquitted because he was not accused of violating any specific law and that abuse of power is not in itself an impeachable offense.
This reasoning has been roundly rejected by legal scholars, and contradicts a 2018 statement by Trump's attorney general Bill Barr, who before taking office wrote a memo to Trump's Justice Department and legal team advising that abuse of power is an impeachable offense.
The resolution provided the White House counsel and House impeachment managers 24 hours each over two days to make opening statements, beginning at 1:00 p.m. each day.
Opening statements will be followed by 16 hours of questions and answers, followed by four hours of debate and a vote on whether to consider witnesses or new information.
The next day, McConnell amended his resolution to automatically include the House inquiry evidence unless a simple majority vote prohibited it.
The White House and its Senate allies were confident they could garner the simple majority needed to prevent calling witnesses, though they worked on a fallback plan if Bolton was compelled to testify by asserting national security concerns to move his testimony to a closed-door session.
On January 21, Schumer and the House managers introduced 11 amendments to McConnell's resolution, which sought to subpoena testimony from current and former White House officials (Mick Mulvaney, John Bolton, Robert Blair, and Michael Duffey) and also subpoena White House, State Department, and Office of Management and Budget documents.
With the exception of a single amendment to extend the amount of time permitted to file motions, which was supported by Republican senator Susan Collins, the amendments were defeated along party lines with a vote of 53 to 47.
Also on January 21, Sekulow drew a parallel between Trump withholding aid to Ukraine and President Obama withholding aid to Egypt in 2013.
In the latter case, Egypt had just experienced a military coup d'etat, which under US law required aid to be withheld.
The White House denied Trump was referring to documents that had been withheld from House impeachment investigators and sought by the Democratic trial managers.
During statements in the Senate chamber regarding trial procedures, Trump attorneys Cipollone and Sekulow made significant false statements that had previously been asserted by Trump supporters but debunked.
Cipollone asserted that Republican House members were not allowed to participate in closed-door hearings, when in fact all Republicans who were members of the three investigating committees were entitled to attend the hearings, and many did and questioned witnesses.
Cipollone also misrepresented the genesis of the president's impeachment, falsely asserting that Schiff proceeded with his investigation despite knowing his allegations were false.
Sekulow asserted that Trump was denied the right to cross-examine witnesses, examine the evidence, or have an attorney present during Judiciary Committee proceedings, though the White House was invited to exercise those rights, but declined, as the president had refused to cooperate in any way with the inquiry.
On January 22, the first day of opening arguments, Democrats presented evidence from House impeachment inquiry testimony, the Trump–Zelensky phone call and Trump's statements.
Schiff started by asserting that Trump needs to be removed from office because he has shown he is ready and willing to cheat in the 2020 elections.
Jason Crow and Hakeem Jeffries discussed the significance of the Trump–Zelensky phone call, and Schiff and Zoe Lofgren detailed how the scheme was exposed to the public.
Lofgren mentioned that Pentagon officials wrote to the Office of Management and Budget warning that freezing aid to Ukraine might be illegal.
Schiff concluded by pointing to the courage of administration officials who risked their careers in testifying and called upon senators to show equal courage.
After the session, Justice Roberts allowed a page of supplementary testimony from an aide of Vice President Mike Pence to be admitted into the record.
He played videos from the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton showing statements by Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and lawyer Alan Dershowitz arguing that impeachment does not necessitate the breaking of a law; Graham absented himself during the showing of the video.
They also played videos of Fiona Hill and FBI director Chris Wray to debunk the notion that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 United States presidential election.
Sylvia Garcia and Adam Schiff argued several points to highlight why Trump's activities were inappropriate, including that he was not looking for an actual investigation but only an announcement of one, that the investigations were not official foreign policy and were carried out through unofficial channels, and that the White House first tried to bury the call.
They also pointed out that Vice President Biden pushed out Ukrainian prosecutor Viktor Shokin because he was not fighting corruption in Ukraine, and his ouster was backed by international organizations.
Schiff concluded by arguing that Trump cannot be counted on to stand up to the Russians if they interfere in the 2020 presidential election.
Despite strict rules of silence during the trial, Senator Graham chuckled through the presentation about Biden and he whispered to Senators John Barrasso (R-WY) and John Cornyn (R-TX).
At the end of the day, Susan Collins sent a note to Chief Justice Roberts complaining about Nadler's remarks that senators would be complicit in a coverup if they did not allow testimony from additional witness.
Senators Richard Burr (R-NC), Tom Cotton (R-AR), and Pat Toomey (R-PA) played with toys while Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) read a book during the session.
On their final day, Democrats discussed how they expected the Trump defense might respond and asked the Senate to call witnesses.
He contrasted Trump's complete stonewalling of any witness or documents with the cooperation other presidents have offered during investigations, including Ronald Reagan during the Iran–Contra affair.
Schiff rebuffed Republican arguments that House Democrats should have subpoenaed witness by pointing out that the process would probably have dragged out in the courts for months.
Some Republicans remarked that the Democrats' presentations were repetitive, though Democratic senator Tim Kaine indicated this was intentional as many senators and the public had not closely followed the impeachment inquiry.
Lindsey Graham stated his opposition to subpoenaing either Biden even if other witnesses are called, because he does not want the trial to interfere with the 2020 presidential election; but stated his support of a separate investigation.
The primary arguments were a lack of direct evidence of wrongdoing, and that Democrats were attempting to use the impeachment to steal the 2020 election.
Sekulow cited the conspiracy theory that Ukraine had interfered in the 2016 election, suggesting that this gave Trump a basis to investigate corruption in Ukraine.
Deputy White House counsel Michael Purpura presented video from the impeachment inquiry of three envoys to Ukraine testifying that the first time they had become aware Ukraine had expressed concern about the aid being withheld was in August 2019, suggesting that Ukraine was unaware of the hold at the time of the Trump–Zelensky phone call.
Purpura did not present the testimony of Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Laura Cooper, who testified that her office received emails about the hold from Ukrainian officials on July 25, the day of the call.
Cipollone previously stated he never attended Ukraine-related meetings, and Mulvaney said he avoided Trump-Giuliani meetings so as to not jeopardize their attorney-client privilege.
She repeated allegations that Joe Biden had sought the removal of Ukrainian prosecutor general Viktor Shokin, who was ostensibly investigating the firm that employed Hunter Biden, though this action was in agreement with the foreign policy of the United States and other Western governments towards Ukraine at the time.
Trump counsel Eric Herschmann asked why Hunter Biden was hired and paid so much by Burisma despite having no experience in the energy sector or Ukraine, then played a video of him explaining that he was employed to head the corporate governance and transparency committee on the Burisma board.
He also played a video from a 2012 presidential debate in which Obama mocked his opponent Mitt Romney for stating that Russia was America's top geopolitical opponent.
Senators James Lankford (R-OK) and Lindsay Graham proposed that Bolton's book should be reviewed in a classified setting; some argue that this would be illegal.
Senators had to write questions on a sheet of paper addressing the defense, prosecution team or both, which Justice Roberts read out loud for the relevant team to answer.
The first day contained questions of both procedural and evidentiary topics, as well as questions Roberts declined to allow, such as one speculating about the identity of the whistleblower.
The first question was from Senators Susan Collins (R-ME), Mitt Romney (R-UT), and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) who asked whether Trump's conduct toward Ukraine would be impeachable if he was acting out of both public and personal motives.
Schiff said that Bolton could clear up doubts about Trump's motives, while Philbin threatened that any attempt to get Bolton to testify would tie up the proceedings for months.
Democratic House manager Jason Crow said that information was unknown but could be easily obtained with subpoenas for documents and witnesses, including Bolton.
Murkowski later joined Lamar Alexander in asking defense lawyers if withholding aid to Ukraine was impeachable; the lawyers said it is not.
Senator John Thune (R-SD) conceded that Trump did what he was charged with, but said that witnesses were not necessary and the actions were not impeachable.
Schiff pointed out that during a January 30 federal court hearing about the White House's refusal to honor congressional subpoenas, Judge Randolph Moss asked Justice Department attorney James Burnham what remedies Congress might have in such a case, since Burnham was arguing that the dispute could not be settled by the courts.
Burnham cited impeachment as a possibilitycontradicting the arguments made by Trump's attorneys that obstruction of Congress is not an impeachable offense.
51 Republican senators voted against calling witnesses, while 45 Democratic senators, two independents who typically vote Democratic, and two Republicans (Mitt Romney and Susan Collins) voted for witnesses.
The night after the vote, the Justice Department and a lawyer for the Office of Management and Budget acknowledged that two dozen emails which remain undisclosed due to executive privilege contain details about why military aid to Ukraine was frozen.
On February 5, the Senate plans to vote on whether or not to convict the president on the charges and evidence as they have been presented and debated upon.
Under Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the U.S. Constitution, a two-thirds majority of the Senate (in this case, 67 if all members are present) is required to convict the president.
The penalty for conviction is the removal from office; a separate vote, by simple majority, would be required for disqualification from holding office in the future.
At least 20 Republican senators would need to vote with all Democratic (and two independent) senators to convict Trump for either outcome to take place.
Americans remain sharply divided on whether Trump should be removed from office, with Democrats largely supporting removal, Republicans largely opposing, and independents divided.
A CNN poll conducted on January 16–19, 2020, the first major one after the impeachment trial began, found that 51% of people – 89% of Democrats and 8% of Republicans – supported Trump's removal from office, compared to 45% who opposed the idea.
A Quinnipiac University poll released on January 28 shows that 75% of those polled support calling witnesses; 49% of Republicans, 95% of Democrats, and 75% of independents.
A Pew Research Center poll shows that 51% of Americans believe Trump should be removed from office and 70% believe he has done unethical things.
During the trial on January 24, Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) tweeted her disdain for National Security Advisor Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, questioning his patriotism.
On January 27, former vice president Joe Biden pushed for witnesses but said he would not testify because he had nothing to defend.
The following day, Senator Joni Ernst (R-IA) said that she believed the trial would hurt Biden in the Iowa caucuses on February 3.
Benen notes that Kelly attributes Bolton with honesty, integrity, and character, but fails to apply the same terms to the president.
House Speaker Pelosi said on January 30 that Trump's lawyers had trampled on the Constitution with their arguments that the president could not be impeached for using his office for political gain, and she suggested they should be disbarred.
As built, she had measured 192,679 gross tons and 406,640 deadweight tons, with a length of and a beam of .
She was moored about off of the coast of Yemen in 1988 under the ownership of the Yemeni government via the national oil company, which used her to store and export oil from inland oil fields around Ma'rib.
In the following years, her structural condition deteriorated significantly, leading to the risk of a catastrophic hull breach or explosion of oil vapors that would typically be suppressed by inert gas generated onboard.
The ship is estimated to contain about 1.14 million barrels of oil valued at up US$80 million, which became a point of contention in negotiations between the Houthi rebels and Yemeni government, both of which asserted claims to the cargo and vessel.
Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism activities are incidental considering the geographic remoteness and lack of access roads.
The surface of the Péribonka East River is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
The Péribonka Est river takes its source at the mouth of the Agoseris lake (length: ; altitude: ) in the municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James.
From the mouth of the Péribonka East river, the current descends the course of the Péribonka river on to the South, crosses Lac Saint-Jean on towards the East, then follows on the course of the Saguenay River towards the East up to the height of Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence River.
Ponif Vaz (born 4 October 1992) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
Ponif started his youth career with Salcete FC and has been part of the Goa football team for Santosh Trophy for the years.
USA-289, also known as GPS-III SV01 or Vespucci, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System.
Built by Lockheed Martin and launched by SpaceX, SV01 was launched on December 23, 2018 atop expendable Falcon 9 booster B1054.
Shea left acting in 1998 in order to spend more time with his family, working as deputy chief of staff to Massachusetts Governor Paul Cellucci among other positions.
With the team, he won a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Paralympics by scoring eight points in a 66–60 win over Spain.
The next year, Johnson was named the 1997 National Wheelchair Basketball Association's (NWBA) Most Valuable Player for averaging 29 points per game.
He also led the Golden State Road Warriors to their first Final Four in 1997 and was named MVP in 1998 at the first wheelchair basketball game played during the NBA Jam at the NBA All-Star Game.
Johnson was appointed captain of the Golden State Warriors team for 24 years, where he set the record for the most three-point field goals in a game.
Johnson was appointed an assistant coach for the 2013 U.S. Men’s U23 and U.S. Women’s U21 at the Junior ParaPan American Games.
The next year, Johnson was promoted to head coach of the United States women's national wheelchair basketball team from 2017 until 2020.
While serving as coach, Johnson also sits as on the Board of Directors for the Northern California Olympians and Paralympians, as the Sports Program Coordinator for the Bay Area Outreach and Recreation Program, and head coach of the Junior Road Warriors Wheelchair Basketball Team.
March of the Preobrazhensky was often used in modern Russia, particularly in the annual Victory Day Parade for the trooping of the colours (Flag of Russia and Banner of Victory), notably at the 2005 Victory Day Parade.
It is not believed to have been officially used in the Soviet Union much, but it was played by Soviet military bands in concerts and, infrequently, during the inspection segment of parades.
Before World War I, the work was used as the presentation march (Prasentiermarsch) in several military formations in Prussia Since 1964 is used as the slow march of the Royal Marines in the arrangement of Francis Vivian Dunn.
Some English sources, when referring to the arrangement of the march for the Royal Marines, erroneously give the name of the composer as Donajowsky.
Vivian Dunn, and early 20th Century British copies of the march, mistakenly attributed it to an Ernest Donajowski, who was in fact in the sheet music publishing business, and was not a composer.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1986 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1986 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Hatam Mohammed Alir al-Sami (June 5, 1951 – September 14, 2011) was an Iranian terrorist, mostly known for being a planner of the September 11 attacks, along with Osama Bin Laden.
Russia competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics held between 12 and 21 December 2019 in Province of Sondrio in Northern Italy.
Russian competitors won medals in each of the sports contested at the games and the country finished in 1st place in the medal table.
Yulia Turkeeva won the gold medal in the women's blitz tournament and Olga Gerasimova won the bronze medal in that event.
In total cross-country skiers representing Russia won six gold medals, six silver medals and five bronze medals and the country finished in 1st place in the cross-country skiing medal table.
Vladimir Mayorov won the gold medal in the men's sprint classic event and Andrey Dubovskikh won the bronze medal in that event.
Anna Fedulova won the gold medal in the women's 5 km free technique event and Lyubov Misharina won the silver medal in that event.
This will be the eighth consecutive season (a record ninth overall) to be filmed in Fiji, the thirteenth season to feature returning players, and the fifth season to feature only returning players.
Probst stated that having a season of returning winners and a larger prize came from CBS president Kelly Kahl who had been a proponent for the show at the network from near its start.
The returning survivors were not told of the larger prize until Probst met them on the beach at the start of filming.
In a 2018 interview, Probst had explained that such an all-winners season was unlikely, as not all the winners were compelling people to bring back to the show, while some others, including did want to spend another month-long period of survival for the prize money.
Probst estimated that he had about ten winners that were appropriate to invite back and who were willing, but not enough for a full number of players.
Probst first contacted the winners he felt were key standouts in terms of memorable winners on returning, Parvati Shallow, Rob Mariano, Amber Mariano, and Yul Kwon, and was encouraged they were all willing to come back for this type of season.
The show's typical payouts were higher for this season: each returning winner was assured a minimum payment for participating in the season, as well as the standard for participation in the finale.
All but two of the challenges during the season were based on previous challenges that at least one of the winners had participated in.
This was added as to assure all returning players a possible second chance to get back into the game, a concern that had been raised by some when Probst spoke to them about returning.
Probst said that in trying to make this season memorable, they had come up with the idea of fire tokens to emphasize that the game is about creating a society, and these tokens could help in establishing that society.
Each player starts the game with one token, and when eliminated by tribal vote and sent to the Edge of Extinction, they must give their tokens up to any player remaining in the game.
Tribes (prior to the merge) and players (after the merge) can collectively use their tokens to buy reward items, which can include an advantage in the next elimination challenge.
Players on the Edge of Extinction are able to secretly make deals with players still in the game to sell them advantages located only at the Edge of Extinction for their tokens; those players can then use the tokens at the Edge of Extinction to gain advantages for the challenge that brings one player back into the game.
The arm of the Coco is a tributary of the rivière à Mars, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
northeast on , then the course of the Saguenay River east on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Lyndon B. Johnson happened to be at her Baptism and held her briefly, a fact to which her family later jokingly attributed her Democratic affiliation.
Her early activism dates to when she was in third grade; she started a student council due to unfair playground rules that discriminated against the female pupils.
Laguens was mentored early on by Ron Chisholm of the anti-racist, multicultural organization The People's Institute for Survival and Beyond and Sister Helen Prejean, the Roman Catholic nun who was a leading advocate for the abolition of the death penalty.
She also served Planned Parenthood as a brand consultant for ten years before being recruited to serve full-time as Executive Vice President and Chief Brand Officer, a post she ascended to in January of 2011.
During her tenure, she led the organization through numerous programs and initiatives, such as resisting 21 Trump-Pence congressional attacks to defund Planned Parenthood; growing the organization from 2 million to 12 million members; helping develop a period tracker app for the organization; promoting and expanding access to birth control across 50 states; developing the Planned Parenthood Action Fund, the organization's political advocacy branch, and more.
After her departure from Planned Parenthood, Laguens became Strategic Advisor at Redshift Leadership and the Vaid Group and the Expert-In-Residence at IDEO.
The Tarama language is a Japonic language spoken on the islands of Tarama and nearly depopulated Minna, two of the Miyako Islands of Japan.
This structure has been analyzed as a syllable, but initial geminate consonants, long vowels and diphthongs are all bimoraic, and codas are moraic as well, so that e.g.
She won the seat in 2017 by-election with 52.7% (1,034) of the vote, and retained the seat in 2019 increasing her vote to 60.84% (2,403) of the vote with a gain of +8.14%.
The Rivière à Mars Nord-Ouest is a tributary of the rivière à Mars flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
on northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Alpine skier Giacomo Pierbon won gold medals in all five men's alpine skiing events which meant that the country finished in 2nd place in the medal table with a total of five gold medals and two bronze medals.
He went on to win the gold medals in all other men's alpine skiing event as well: the men's Super-G event, the men's giant slalom event and the men's slalom event.
Commonly a 6x4 (3 axles, 2 powered) there are packages from 4x2 (2 axles, 1 powered) to 8x6 (4 axles, 3 powered) and can be fitted with driven front, tandem-steer, lift, and extended trailing axles.
The Cummins Westport L9N is a natural gas engine able to be set up to use either a CNG or LPG.
A set forward axle, with the tires immediately behind a straight bumper, is used when overall length is limited or when wheelbase has to be as long as possible for bridge-formula laws.
Set back axles, where the hood extends in front of the axle, are used when maneuverability is more important than length or weight distribution.
Mack powered axles have the drive carrier on top of the housing instead of the front of it like other manufacturers.
This lets the driveshafts be in line from the transmission to and between the axles at a higher level above the ground.
With the higher level above the ground the driveshafts and u-joints are less prone to dirt and damage, important in on/off road construction.
The Twin Y air suspension has trailing arms that fork to the rear and attach to both the top and bottom of the axle.
Other types like flatbeds, including those that self-unload by dumping or with their own crane, Volumetric concrete mixers, and cranes can use the strong chassis.
The Granite has high ground clearances as designed, Mack has an increased frame height option to give under-truck blades even more clearance.
Susi Law Wai-shan (羅偉珊) is a District Councillor for the Oi Kwan constituency in Hong Kong and a manager of artist hub Foo Tak Building in Wanchai.
Susi Law is a manager of Art & Cultual Outreach that leases and manages spaces in Foo Tak Building on Hennessy Road in Wan Chai.
at The Ludwigsburg University of Education and Honorary Professor for Educational Informatics at the Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering at the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (Frankfurt UAS).
He served as Professor of Pedagogy at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg as well as a visiting professor at the University of Otago (Dunedin, New Zealand), at the University of Sydney (Australia) an at the University of Vienna (Austria).
Before his academic career Knaus worked as a teacher and a social and media educator in extracurricular youth work in Frankfurt am Main and Bad Homburg.
The primary focus of his research and work lies in the field of Media Education (digital literacy; digital change in educational institutions; (media) education in schools; methods and approaches in media research, theories of media socialization) and socio informatics and education informatics (educational technology, theory of technology, text and image in digital communication).
From 2011 to 2015 he was Managing Director of the Research Center Frankfurt Technology Center Media - FTzM, whose Scientific Director he is to this day.
A full list of Knaus's publications can be found on the website of his department at the Ludwigsburg University of Education or on his website.
In 1815 she sailed to England and then sailed between England and India under a license from the British East India Company (EIC).
Then, as a pilot schooner was towing her to Diamond Harbour to affect repairs she wrecked between Channel Creek and Culpee, where her crew abandoned her.
On 11 December 1814 he issued a report to the EIC reporting on the health of the lascars on five recent arrivals, including her.
The Surgeon pointed out that she had stopped at Île de France for only a few days [leaving on 29 August] and had not acquired much fresh food.
The Bras de l'Enfer is a tributary of the rivière à Mars, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Bras de l'Enfer is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
on northeast, then the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Summertime Shootout 2: The Level Up is the eleventh mixtape by American rapper Fabolous, released on September 2, 2016 by Street Family Records, Roc Nation, Def Jam Recordings, Desert Storm Records and Elektra Entertainment.
The mixtape includes guest appearances from 070 Shake, Lil Uzi Vert, Wale, Trey Songz, Tory Lanez, Jazzy, Goldie, DJ Drama, DJ Esco, Future, Dave East and Don Q.
Caldwell and Pahlmeyer were the owners of a 55-acre farm in south-east Napa Valley and they started working on planting a vineyard there.
They decided to plant French Bordeaux clones and worked with viticultural professors at the University of Bordeaux to analyze soil samples and other data from the 55 acre farm.
In 1986, Pahlmeyer produced the first vintage, the Pahlmeyer Proprietary Red, with winemaker Randy Dunn and immediately sold every bottle made.
Later, Pahlmeyer worked with Helen Turley to develop the Pahlmeyer estate into the vineyards at Waters Ranch where Pahlmeyer planted red Bordeaux varieties and Chardonnay.
The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics is a bi-annual, peer-reviewed academic journal focused on the field of linguistics, particularly the study and learning of English.
The journal was established in 1979 and is published by the Centre for Applied English Studies at the University of Hong Kong.
It was the 12th edition of the Mubadala World Tennis Championship with the world's top players competing in the event, held in a knockout format.
Owing to a number of factors —such as tectonic faults, rock fissuring, and density of river networks— the Khentei-Daur Highlands are the second region in the Transbaikal area regarding the formation and occurrence of aufeis (naleds) sheets.
The Khentei-Daur Highlands are a mountain region located at the southwestern limits of Transbaikal Krai, near the border with northeastern Mongolia.They include a number of medium height mountain ranges, as well as a wide intermontane basin, the Altan-Kyrin Depression.
The area of the highlands is limited by the valley of the Chikoy River to the northwest, beyond which rises the Malkhan Range of the Selenga Highlands.
the Menza River, main tributary of the Chikoy, flows to the west, and the Onon River river to the east, with the Mongolian border to the south.
The prevailing forest cover of the ranges of the Khentei-Daur Highlands is mountain taiga, as well as pre-alpine woodland, with thickets of dwarf stone pine at higher altitudes.
The Potchefstroom Reformed Church (in Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa, is the oldest congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) in what was then the Transvaal or South African Republic.
At its founding in March 1842, it was the 28th congregation in what would later become South Africa and the tenth outside of the Western and Southern Cape Synod.
Daniel Lindley, an American missionary who arrived in the Natal Colony shortly after the Great Trek and was moved by the plight of the pastor-less Voortrekker congregations.
The Natalia Republic Volksraad appointed him as region-wide minister after he furnished proof of his ordination as a pastor of the Presbyterian Church in America.
Lindley arrived at the banks of the Mooi, and on March 26, 1842, he met members for the first time and baptized several children.
The first two registers record 103 confirmed and 188 baptized members, whom he returned to Potchefstroom to visit in 1844 and 1846.
Philip Eduard Faure and William Robertson became the first representatives of the Cape Church to visit Potchefstroom as it shifted toward serving members outside colonial boundaries.
Just before the foundation of the congregation, on November 1, 1841, Commandant Hendrik Potgieter circulated a donation list to fund the construction of a church building.
Andrew Murray, Jr. became the minister of Bloemfontein in 1848 and started visiting Potchefstroom regularly as a consulent that year, preaching at the site on his third visit.
Andrew Murray was to ordain him, but this was postponed and avoided when the church council decided in November of that year to separate from the Cape Church and found separate Transvaal denomination, the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NHK).
The first official pastor of the Potchefstroom NGK, however, was proponent J.P. Jooste, appointed in 1868 and serving until 1881, during which time a new church was built to replace the old NHK one.
du Toit, who played a major role in the merger of the two denominations in 1889, left for Lichtenburg once Rev.
du Toit, however, joined the once more schismatic NHK almost immediately, depriving the NGK of all the hard-won gains of the previous years including Rev.
The Potchefstroom-Mooi River Reformed Church (NGK) was founded on February 5, 1917, as a result of the turmoil of World War I and the Maritz Rebellion of 1914.
Former minister Adriaan Vlok gave the keynote, though organ builder Jan Elsenaar was still restoring the organ, which was finished in August 2011.
The organ had first been used in Birmingham, United Kingdom in 1897, but was removed and sold to a Dutch organ builder many years later, from whence Elsenaar obtained it and bought it for the congregation.
By the first service in three years, the restoration bill had reached R7.4 million, paid for with insurance, bequests, and other donations.
Miss Truth () is an upcoming original Chinese television series based on a novel of the same title starring Zhou Jieqiong and Li Chengbin.
She encounters a judicial official and an assassin by chance and finds true love through the course of searching for the truth.
His father, Andrés, and his uncles Carmelo (known as Cien Caras) and Jesús (Máscara Año 2000) were established professional wrestling headliners in Mexico.
Several Reyes family members became professional wrestlers including cousins Forastero, El Cuatrero and Sansón, and El Hijo de Máscara Año 2000.
The earliest recorded results for Universo 2000 Jr. is from late 2009 as he teamed up with his uncle Máscara Año 2000 and El Hijo del Cien Caras on a show in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
On June 26, 2011 he teamed up with his father to defeat Máscara Sagrada and El Hijo del Máscara Sagrada on a show in his home town of Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco.
He later competed for the number one contendership for the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship, but was eliminated by eventual winner El Hijo de Dos Caras.
After his stint in IWRG, Universo 2000 Jr. began working regularly for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), the same promotion his cousins worked for.
The 2019–20 Coastal Carolina Chanticleers men's basketball team represent Coastal Carolina University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Chanticleers, led by 13th-year head coach Cliff Ellis, play their home games at the HTC Center in Conway, South Carolina as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
They were invited to the CBI, where they defeated Howard in the first round, West Virginia in the quarterfinals, before falling to DePaul in the semifinals.
After 11 years as a police officer in the Hong Kong Police Force she resigned in July 2019 and ran as an independent candidate in the 2019 elections where she won the seat with 54.96% (1,918) of the votes.
In 2003 she was involved in the efforts to remove Hong Kong's first chief executive Tung Chee-hwa as a result of his push for National Security Legislation.
The film will be based on the written by Mark Millar and pencilled by Dave Johnson, Andrew Robinson, Walden Wong and Killian Plunkett.
It is scheduled to be released digitally on February 25, 2020 and on 4K Ultra HD and Blu-ray on March 17, 2020.
However, the emergence of the Soviet Union’s new hero incites conflict and disarray across the globe, and it is forced to take sides as the Man of Steel continues his conquest to take control of various nations across the world for the Soviets.
Jason Isaacs will star as Superman opposite Amy Acker as Lois Lane, Diedrich Bader as Lex Luthor, and Paul Williams as Brainiac, with Roger Craig Smith as Batman and Vanessa Marshall as Wonder Woman.
Also appearing are William Salyers as Joseph Stalin, Jim Meskimen as John F. Kennedy, Phil Morris as James Olsen, Sasha Roiz as Hal Jordan, Phil LaMarr as John Stewart, Travis Willingham as Superior Man, and Winter Zoli as Svetlana.
Vikrian Akbar Fathoni (born on March 31, 2000) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Arema in the Liga 1 as a midfielder.
He made his professional debut in the Liga 1 on 16 December 2019, against Bali United where he played as a substitute.
Ulva australis, the southern sea lettuce, is a species of bright green coloured seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in waters around Australia.
Baroness Hedwig von Elverfeldt gennant Beverfoerde zu Werries (, née von Lüninck; born 1963) is a German conservative political activist and Roman Catholic fundamentalist.
Von Beverfoerde was born Baroness Hedwig von Lüninck in 1963 at , a mansion in Bestwig, North Rhine-Westphalia, owned by her family.
She is a member of the family, who are part of the German nobility, and is a relative of the politician Baron Ferdinand von Lüninck.
After graduating from , a Catholic boarding school for girls in Wald, Baden-Württemberg, she trained as a secretary in Brussels before studying business administration at a university in Münster.
She was an active member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany until December 2016, serving as a district board member of the Jerichower Land.
Von Beverfoerde is the founder and chairwoman of the Family Protection Initiative, which promotes conservative, traditional views on marriage and family life.
She is an active member of the Forum of German Catholics, a lay organization founded in opposition to the Central Committee of German Catholics.
She protested alongside other conservative Catholic leaders and activists including Tschugguel, Roberto de Mattei, Gabriele Kuby, and Archishop Carlo Maria Viganò.
Von Beverfoerde is married to Baron Josef von Elverfeldt gennant Beverfoerde zu Werries, a businessman who owns a construction company in Magdeburg.
A Catholic, she served as chairwoman of the board of trustees of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg's Edith-Stein School Foundation from 2002 until 2012.
In 2015, an arson attack was made against Von Beverfoerde and her family at her husband's business headquarters when a radical left-wing activist lit a car on fire.
He lived and worked all over India and spent last years of his life in Patiala town in Punjab state in India.
Charli is a Spanish masculine given name and nickname that is a diminutive form of Carlos as well as an English unisex given name and nickname that is a feminine form of Charlie and a diminutive form of Charles and Charline.
Gates of Tears: the Holocaust in the Lublin District is the first comprehensive study of the Holocaust in the Lublin District of Poland.
Only the gates of tears have not been locked before us, and we are able and entitled to bemoan the destruction of our nation, to eulogize the rupture in our destroyed people, and to lead the river of our tears with us to the grave.
Although some 250-300,000 Jews lived in the Lublin District prior to the war, there was a lack of scholarship on the region.
Unlike other historians who had written on the subject, such as Bogdan Musiał, , and Christopher Browning, Silberklang makes extensive use of Jewish sources in Yiddish and Hebrew.
Nine chapters, thematically organized, discuss such issues as the Nisko Plan, German administration, forced labor, and deportations to the extermination camps.
The book only touches on interactions between Jews and non-Jewish Poles, but with the implication that little help was to be expected from the latter.
Although knowledge of the purpose of Bełżec extermination camp was widespread, Jews were not able to use this knowledge to save their lives.
Even when Jewish partisans stormed the labor camp at Janiszów and urged the 600 Jewish prisoners to escape, most of the Jews (both partisans and former prisoners) soon perished following roundups, in which local Poles participated.
Silberklang argues (contrary to Raul Hilberg) that Ostindustrie was turning a profit off of Jewish slave labor, and that labor camps had the best chance to survive (especially after Operation Harvest Festival in November 1943) if they were profitable for local German administrators and did not attract the attention of higher authorities.
Extermination was sudden and brutal—of 300,000 Jews alive in the area at the beginning of 1942, only 20,000 were alive a year later—while survival was random, unlikely, and determined by factors that were outside of the control of Jewish victims.
He also criticizes the tendency to generalize from the well-studied example of the Warsaw Ghetto (also the Łódź Ghetto) to the Holocaust in Poland as a whole.
A review by Andrea Löw in , stated that the book is the first comprehensive study of the Holocaust in the Lublin District.
The book was a finalist in both the Jewish Book Council awards and the Yad Vashem International Book Prize for Holocaust Research.
As an amateur, Kemp earned low amateur honors at the 2003 Women's Australian Open and also won the 2003 Australian Girls' Amateur, followed by a runner-up finish in 2004.
In 2003 and 2005, Kemp was the Australian Stroke Play Champion and was a member of the 2004 Australian Espirito Santo Trophy World Cup team.
In 2006, Kemp recorded six top-10 finishes on the ALPG Tour, finishing second on the ALPG Tour Order of Merit, while also recording three top-10 finishes on the LET.
In 2007, she birdied her final four holes at the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament to tie for ninth and earn exempt status for the 2008 LPGA Tour.
On the LET, Kemp was runner-up at the 2010 New Zealand Women's Open and the 2018 Lalla Meryem Cup, where she lost a playoff to Jenny Haglund, while finishing third at the 2016 Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Open, 2017 Hero Women's Indian Open and 2018 Lacoste Ladies Open de France.
Shin Eun-joo (; born 9 September 1993) is a South Korean handball player for Incheon City Handball Club and the South Korean national team.
In December 2019 Shin was called-up to the South Korean national team and competed in the 2019 IHF World Handball Championship.
During the competition she appeared in all eight games as the starting left wing and scored 25 goals, ranked third in Team Korea behind Ryu Eun-hee (69) and Lee Mi-gyeong (40).
Inotersen, sold under the brand name Tegsedi, is a medication used for the treatment of nerve damage in adults with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.
The most common side effects are injection site reactions (redness, swelling, bleeding, pain, rash, and itching at the injection site), nausea, headache, tiredness, low platelet counts, and fever.
Because of these serious side effects, Inotersen is available in the United States only through a restricted program called the Tegsedi Risk Evaluation and Mitigation (REMS) Program.
The FDA approved inotersen based on evidence from one clinical trial (Trial 1/NCT01737398) that included 172 patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.
During the first week of treatment, patients received three doses of treatment, followed by once weekly subcutaneous injections for 64 weeks.
His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Atlantis Jr. started training for a professional wrestling career at the age of 12, with the only condition set was that he had to continue to study.
He was trained first by his father and later by the trainers at the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) wrestling school through the contacts of his father.
At the school he was trained by Ringo Mendoza, Virus, Arkangel de la Muerte, Último Guerrero, Último Dragoncito, and Franco Colombo over the subsequent 8 years.
In late 2018, Atlantis and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) officially introduced Atlantis Jr., acknowledging him previous ring name and officially giving him a mask identical to the one worn by his father.
The match saw Sansón and Okumura defeat the father/son duo, followed by them being humiliated as Sansón and Okumura stole their masks.
Atlantis Jr. would get a small measure of revenge on the last day of the tour as he defeated Okumura in his first singles match.
In his first match on Mexican soil he, his father and Místico defeated Bárbaro Cavernario, Templario and El Hijo del Villano III on January 29, 2019.
While working for CMLL, Atlantis Jr. was also allowed to work on the independent circuit, which led to Atlantis Jr. and El Hijo de Octagón defeating El Hijo de L.A. Park/El Hijo de Pirata Morgan and El Canek Jr./El Hijo de Dos Caras to win the UWE Tag Team Championship on June 29, 2019.
The second generation rivalry between the Atantis and the Villanofamily led to Atlantis Jr. and El Hijo del Villano IIIfacing off in their first one-on-one match on July 5, 2019, a match that ended in a double count out as both wrestlers were fighting outside the ring for too long.
During the latter half of 2019 Atlantis Jr. began working more and more matches where he did not team up with his father.
For the 2019 =International Gran Prix show, Atlantis Jr. teamed up with Audaz, and Flyer defeated El Hijo del Villano III, Rey Bucanero, and Tiger.
The following article is a summary of the 2020 football season in Indonesia, which is the 22nd competitive season in its history.
The following is a list of 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification (to be) played by the men's senior national team in 2020.
The following is a list of 2020 AFC U-19 Championship matches (to be) played by the men's under-19 national team in 2020.
The following is a list of 2020 AFC U-16 Championship matches (to be) played by the men's under-16 national team in 2020.
In 2007, as a means of raising money to support her education, Chungu-Kumata began working on her business while in college, using Zambian prints.
Shahi was elected as a legislator of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Maharajganj as a Praja Socialist Party candidate in 1967.
Stokesosauridae is a suggested family of small to medium-sized tyrannosauroid theropods whose fossil remains have been found in North America and Europe.
Lars-Erik is a member of family of curlers: his father Stig Håkansson is a 1968 Swedish men's champion, his brother Thomas Håkansson is a and two-time Swedish champion, his son Patric Håkansson (Patric Klaremo) played for Sweden in the .
The year 2020 is the 3rd year in the history of the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship, a bare-knuckle fighting promotion based in Philadelphia.
'Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship 10: Lombard vs. Mundell' is an upcoming bare-knuckle fighting event held by Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship on February 15, 2020 at the Broward County Convention Center in Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Joe Riggs was scheduled to face Héctor Lombard in the main event, however Riggs suffered an injury in training and withdrew from the fight.
He was successful on his maiden appearance claiming a total of five medals including three gold medals in men's super combined, Super-G and slalom events.
He also represented Italy at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics which is co-incidentally held in his home nation Italy and managed to claim five gold medals in men's alpine skiing categories.
The 2020 Valour FC season will be the second season in the club's history, as well as the second season in Canadian Premier League history.
It underwent significant restoration and expansion under the Almohad caliph Muhammad al-Nasir (ruled 1199-1213), who, among other things, diverted a new source of water to it from a source 9 kilometres south of the city.
From the Almohad period the mosque also preserves a large and ornate copper chandelier similar in style to the great Almohad chandelier in the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in Fes.
Abu el-Hassan also added a library to the mosque and arranged for a number of Islamic scholars to teach at the mosque.
It is made up of a vast interior prayer hall whose main area (south of the courtyard) is divided into nine aisles by rows of arches running parallel to the southern/southeastern wall (i.e.
From the courtyard the prayer hall can be entered through any of the surrounding arches, but the middle arch on the southern side of the courtyard, opposite the mosque entrance and corresponding to the archway of the central nave leading towards the mihrab, is surrounded by rich carved and painted stucco decoration.
The exterior of the mosque is largely obscured by the surrounding buildings and the dense urban fabric of the old city.
The mosque has 11 gates, and one of the main entrances to the west is framed by rich stucco decoration and a canopy of sculpted and painted wood.
From above, the mosque is distinguished by its rows of sloped green-tiled roofs, as well as by its large and prominent minaret.
Like other Moroccan minarets it has a long square shaft which is crowned by stylized merlons and topped by a much smaller and shorter tower, which in turn is topped by an iron finial holding up four golden copper balls.
The four facades of the minaret are covered in a surface of gleaming green faience tiles, which are a distinctive trait of minarets in Meknes.
It is believed to have been painted in 1879–80, several years after Cézanne's residence in Auvers-sur-Oise, a small village northwest of Paris.
It was inherited by Cassirer's daughter Sophie, and after her death in 1979 it was accepted in lieu of inheritance tax and allocated to the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University.
Shortly after midnight on New Year's Day 2000, guards at the Ashmolean, responding to a fire alarm, discovered the painting was missing.
Police believe the thief or thieves used a smoke bomb and that night's millennium celebrations as a cover for the theft of the museum's only Cézanne and the only painting taken.
The oil on canvas painting depicts a rolling landscape below a blue sky filled with clouds, represented as smears of paint.
Down a green slope from the viewer are a group of houses, white with roofs either blue or orange, again not depicted in detail.
Camille Pissaro, whom Cézanne came to see as both friend and mentor, moved to Pontoise, a small country town northwest of Paris, in 1872 after his previous country residence in Louveciennes, west of Paris, was stripped of all its contents while he was in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War two years earlier.
Cézanne's style, especially in his landscapes, reflected the influence of his fellow artist, even as the two preferred different techniques—Pissaro dabbing while Cézanne daubed or smeared, according to a local resident who watched them both paint.
By this time, Cézanne was preparing to leave Paris and return to his native Aix-en-Provence, where he continued painting in this style, including similar landscapes, moving toward Post-Impressionism.
Ashmolean Museum director Christopher Brown describes the painting as important to understanding the artist's career, showing him transitioning from his early work to the mature style he brought to well-known later works.
Bruno's daughter Sophie inherited it after his death in 1941, by which time the family had moved to Oxford following Nazi persecution.
Upon the deaths of her husband Richard Rudolf Walzer in 1975, followed by her own four years later, the estate incurred a large inheritance tax bill.
Police believe that at that time, someone used the distraction and noise to prevent anyone from noticing that they were climbing scaffolding around an extension to the museum's library that was under construction.
Once they reached the roof, they broke a skylight over the museum's Hindley Smith Gallery and dropped a small smoke bomb in.
Once there they used the fan to blow the smoke around so neither the museum's security guards, should they come into the gallery, nor its CCTV cameras would be able to get a good view of their faces.
Alarms had been set off during the burglary, but security at the museum assumed from the smoke that there had been a fire.
When police and firefighters reached the museum at 1:43am, they went into the Smith Gallery and found the smoke had dissipated, with no signs of a fire.
Instead what was left of the smoke bomb was on the floor, and a flashing light on the wall alerted them to the absence of the Cézanne painting next to it.
This led them to theorise that the burglary had specifically targeted the painting, the only work by Cézanne in the Ashmolean.
There had been other thefts and attempted thefts of art from the museum and other Oxford facilities in the late 1990s.
A pair of 17th-century French bottles were taken in 1996, and the following year three thieves were caught after they broke open a glass display case to take a jewel made for Alfred the Great.
In January 2014, the Ashmolean made up for the painting's absence by becoming the first European museum to host an exhibit of Impressionist works from the Henry and Rose Pearlman Collection at the Princeton University Art Museum.
Museum staff recalled the theft as a low point in the museum's recent history that made them more elated to host the Pearlman exhibit.
Accordingly they had called in specialists in art theft; customs officers at airports and harbours had been alerted in case anyone tried to take the painting out of Britain, although police believed that it was more likely in the possession of some domestic collector.
Later in January they believed they were on the verge of recovering it after receiving a tip that it had been seen in a West Midlands pub.
When they went there to investigate, it turned out to be a copy, its paint still wet, being painted by the landlord.
Historically it is believed that Gaji Shah was saintly general of Kalhora Dynasty and he was appointed here by Mian Naseer Muhammad Kalhoro to defend and face the attacks at leading passes to Sindh in Kirthar Mountains area.
The most ancient archaeological site of Ghazi Shah Mound explored by N. G. Majumdar was named after Syed Gaji Shah which is closest to his shrine.
While pornographic films may not have been around as long as other forms of pornography, they have quickly become the most popular form in which pornography is viewed.
The industry has grown to become an important staple of the entertainment world as well as create a large industry within itself.
The most well known awards are the AVN Awards with it being the first of its kind as well as the largest and most prestigious.
The earliest awards were often obscure and taboo but now many have become so popular and main stream that many famous stars have even appeared at the events and many artists have also performed during the award shows.
Araz Selimov () (1 June 1960, Khojaly, Azerbaijan SSR – 26 February 1992, Askeran, Azerbaijan Republic) — warrior during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, National Hero of Azerbaijan and victim of Khojaly massacre.
When Khojaly massacre was happened by Armenian troops Selim fought against them and he escaped dozens of civil people from Khojaly.
In 1911, he was sentenced to a year in prison for writing a preface to a patriotic story by Adam Mickiewicz, but never served any time, due to a general amnesty.
The Liga Handebol Brasil 2019 (2019 Brazil Handball League) was the 23rd season of the top tier Brazilian handball national competitions for clubs, it is organized by the Brazilian Handball Confederation.
Mary-Elizabeth Hamstrom (May 24, 1927 – December 2, 2009) was an American mathematician known for her contributions to topology, and particularly to point-set topology and the theory of homeomorphism groups of manifolds.
She did her undergraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania, where Moore had taught many years previously, and completed her bachelor's degree there in mathematics in 1948, after having worked there as an assistant to John Robert Kline, who had been another of Moore's students at the University of Pennsylvania before becoming a faculty member there himself.
A letter from Moore to Hamstrom, while she was still a senior at the University of Pennsylvania, describes the Moore method of teaching mathematics and expresses Moore's regret that she had already begun study in her intended specialty; Moore preferred to begin with a clean slate.
On completing her doctorate, Hamstrom became a faculty member at Goucher College, then a women's college, and she earned tenure there in 1957 after a year at the Institute for Advanced Study.
While visiting the Institute, she was encouraged to move to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign by Paul T. Bateman, who was a professor there and was also visiting the Institute at the same time.
Five years later, when the university promoted her to full professor, she became only one of four women with that rank in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
She was born in Ann Arbor on 26 May 1894, the daughter of Jed F. Wooley and his wife Agnes Forsyth: she had eight brothers.
from the University of Utah, and in 1922 she married Cyril Ray Burt, with whom she had a son and two daughters.
She did extensive research on murder ballads and their associated narratives, with fieldwork collecting of unpublished material and a letter to each state historical society.
The exact dating of Akhethetep is uncertain, but he might belong to the end of the 5th or to the beginning of the 6th Dynasty.
Major League Wrestling (MLW) has held a variety of different professional wrestling tournaments competed for by professional wrestlers that are part of their roster.
The semi-final of the tournament took place at the King of Kings event on December 20, 2002 and the tournament finals took place at Revolutions on May 9, 2003.
J-Cup USA was a junior heavyweight single elimination tournament to determine the inaugural MLW World Junior Heavyweight Champion at WarGames on September 19, 2003.
The tournament that took place at MLW's Reloaded event on Night One and Night Two on January 9 and January 10, 2004.
The tournament to determine the inaugural holder of the MLW National Openweight Championship took place between April 5, 2019 and June 1, 2019 at the Fury Road special, where the final took place.
Henri Leridon, born on July 15, 1942 in Algiers, where his father was an officer, is a French demographer and director of research emeritus at the Institut national d'études démographiques (Ined).
He joined Ined as a project manager in 1965, obtained a diploma as a demographer from the Institute of Demography of the University of Paris (in 1966) and a diploma of higher education in economics (University of Caen, 1967).
In 1974-75 he was a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), and from 2001 to 2006 he headed a unit of Epidemiology, Demography and Social Sciences (U569) at Inserm, a mixed unit with Ined and Paris XII University.
In 1994 he was elected Correspondent of the French Academy of sciences (Institut de France) and in 2014 Foreign Member of the British Academy.
He has also devoted himself to the analysis of the fertility of human populations: his research is in line with that of the French demographer and historian Louis Henry, and has focused on the various components of fertility: fertility, intrauterine mortality, postpartum sterility and definitive sterility.
This model has also made it possible to determine the real effectiveness of assisted human reproduction practices, both individually and collectively.
In 2002, it launched the idea of a large national cohort of children, aimed at monitoring a representative national sample of children from birth to adulthood, to study all aspects of their development in a multidisciplinary approach combining social sciences, health and environmental determinants.
The Elfe cohort was formed in 2011, with 18,500 children born throughout the metropolitan area, and is still followed by a team based at Ined and involving some 40 research teams.
The first holder of the chair was Laurence Dreyfus, who had been Professor of Performance Studies in Music at King's College since 1992; his chair was titled the Thurston Dart Professorship in Performance Studies in Music.
The National Government-Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relations Body, or simply known as the Intergovernmental Relations Body (IGRB) is a intergovernmental body which deals with the relations of Bangsamoro regional government and the Philippines national government.
The Bangsamoro Organic Law, the basis legislation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM or Bangsamoro) mandates the creation of Intergovernmental Relation (IGR) bodies that would manage the autonomous region's relations with the central Philippine government.
The concept of the National Government-Bangsamoro Government Intergovernmental Relations Body (IGRB) was made during the negotiations for the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and Philippine national government.
The body was envisioned as a platform for discussion and dispute resolution for intergovernmental issues between the then-proposed Bangsamoro autonomous region and the national government.
The BARMM was established in early 2019 after the BOL was ratified in a two-part plebiscite replacing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
On July 2019, Bangsamoro Chief Minister Murad Ebrahim met with President Rodrigo Duterte with the two agreeing to form an intergovernmental body for cooperation of the Bangsamoro regional government and the national government.
The few months prior to the IGRB's creation caused confusion regarding the relation of the national government's executive departments and the Bangsamoro region's government.
The Bangsamoro Parliament also raised concern over the memorandum issued by Eduardo Año of the national government's Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) regarding the usage of mobile phones by local executives.
The document was interpreted to have lumped the Bangsamoro Chief Minister with the same level as the Bangsamoro Local Government Minister and provincial governors and mayors.
It was unclear whether a secretary of an national executive body could issue a memorandum addressed to the Chief Minister of Bangsamoro.
The National Government-Bangsamoro Government IGRB is an intergovernmental body which provides an institutional mechanism for sustained cooperation and coordination between the agencies established by the BARMM and those of the Philippine National Government.
The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and it is competed between 16 teams, the winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending of the result of a promotion play-off that is disputed against a winner of the neighboring counties series.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, the Romanian Football Federation proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
They made a poor start to the season, failing to win any of their first eleven League matches, and were bottom of the table at Christmas after losing at home to Stoke City.
However, they rallied in the second half of the season and a draw with Liverpool in their last fixture left them in 18th place, just one point ahead of relegated Southampton.
West Ham had been within two minutes of defeat at home, before a solo goal by Pat Holland took the tie to a replay at Edgar Street, where Hereford came from behind to win 2–1.
West Ham's captain Bobby Moore, who had been dropped the previous autumn, played his last match for the first team in the first FA Cup match against Hereford before moving to Fulham.
Lawrence Michael Hinman (born September 26, 1942) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of San Diego.
The Gao clan ruled Yao'an for more than 700 years, surviving several dynastic changes in China, until its last ruler Gao Houde was arrested by Qing Chinese in 1725.
He is a lecturer in social research methodology at the and a senior fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
In 2019, Zenz studied the mass detention of Uyghurs in re-education camps in Xinjiang based on Chinese government documents and spreadsheets pointing toward factories with interned workers from the concentration camps.
In July 2019, Zenz published a study giving a speculative upper limit to the number of people detained in Xinjiang re-education camps at 1.5 million.
In December 2019, The Grayzone claimed that Zenz's July 2019 study on the number of detainees was based on a single report from a pro-Xinjiang separatist television channel.
Turkmenistan showed their interest in hosting the championships at the Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Council of Asia General Assembly in September 2015.
The Central Asian country's President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov expressed his intention in which he reiterated his aim to use sport to raise the profile of the nation.
Alain Werner (born 19 November 1972) is a Swiss human rights lawyer, specialized in the defence of victims of armed conflicts, founder and director of Civitas Maxima (CM), an international network of lawyers and investigators based in Geneva that since 2012 represents victims of mass crimes in their attempts to obtain justice.
Werner worked in Freetown and in the Hague for five years (2003–2008) for the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) prosecuting the rebels of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) and former Liberian President Charles Taylor.
Since 1998 he also worked for Chadian victims of the former Chadian President Hissène Habré  and was the one of civil parties lawyers representing them in Habré’s trial in Dakar (2015–2017) at the Extraordinary African Chambers.
Werner began studying law in Geneva under Professor Robert Roth (later Presiding Judge of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon) from 1993 to 1996 just as the discipline of international criminal law was emerging.
He went on to complete his masters at Columbia University, after which he was accepted on a Swiss government program to work on international projects.
The program took him to the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) in Freetown, Sierra Leone, where he became a Trial Attorney for the OTP of the SCSL in the team prosecuting three RUF commanders following the end of the conflict in 2002.
In 2006, former Liberian president Charles Taylor was arrested while in exile in Nigeria and handed over to the SCSL, which had previously indicted him.
Werner joined the SCSL prosecution team led by Brenda Hollis and Nicholas Koumjian, gathering witness statements and other evidence, and appearing in Court.
Between 2008 and 2017, alongside other projects, Werner worked for Reed Brody of Human Rights Watch on the case of the former President of Chad, Hissène Habré, and represented some of the victims for the two-year trial before the Extraordinary African Chambers in Dakar from 2015 to 2017.
At Aegis he worked with Hassan Bility, a prominent Liberian journalist who had been arrested and tortured under the Taylor regime.
At that point, Werner decided to set out on his own network and, in September 2012, he founded Civitas Maxima, an organisation that focuses on the meticulous documentation of mass crimes, and pursue of justice on behalf of the victims.
Since its establishment in 2012, Civitas Maxima, working with its partners ( Global Justice and Research Project in Liberia and Center for Accountability and the Rule of Law in Sierra Leone) has built cases and contributed to the arrest of several individuals suspected of involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity, collaborating with several different war crimes units, agents and/or prosecutors in Europe and the United States.
Martina Johnson, a former commander of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NFPL, group headed by Charles Taylor), was arrested and indicted in 2014 for her implication in mutilations and mass killing committed in Liberia during the First Liberian Civil War.
In 2014, Alieu Kosiah was arrested for suspected involvement in war crimes committed by the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) while fighting the NPFL between 1993 and 1995.
In November 2019, the Swiss Federal Criminal Court listed the criminal case against Alieu Kosiah for trial in Bellinzona for April 2020 (14 to 30).
In 2015, Michel Desaedeleer, an American and Belgian citizen, was arrested indicted for enslavement, and pillage of blood diamonds in Sierra Leone.
In 2016, Mohammed Jabbateh (aka Jungle Jabbah) was arrested, indicted and charged by the US Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania with two counts of fraud in immigration documents in violation of the 18 U.S.C.
In 2017, Agnes Reeves Taylor, ex-wife of Charles Taylor, was arrested by the Metropolitan Police and charged with torture on grounds of her suspected involvement with the NFPL during the First Liberian Civil War.
On December 6 2019, the Central Criminal Court in London decided that Agnes Taylor will not face trial in the UK.
In 2018, Kunti K was arrested for his alleged involvement in crimes against humanity committed during the First Liberian Civil War (1989-1996) while acting as a commander for the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO).
In 2018, the trial of Jucontee Thomas Woewiyu took place at the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania at the James A. Byrne United States Courthouse.
Woewiyu— co-founder, and for several years defense minister of Charles Taylor’s infamous National Patriotic Front of Liberia—became one of the few Liberian leaders to be arrested in the United States and charged with multiple counts of immigration fraud and perjury.
After a trial in June 2018, featuring testimony from Liberian victims about the NPFL’s crimes, he was convicted and found guilty on eleven counts of immigration-related perjury and fraud related to lying about his violent past.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has participated at the Youth Olympic Games in every edition since the inaugural 2010 Games and every edition after that.
Ostojić is born in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia (nowadays Bosnia and Herzegovina) where he finished elementary school and a gymnasium.
In 1980, Ostojić and his friend Dado Džihan formed a rock band with a spiritual touch called Nirvana, later changed to Cyclone.
Henri Rochefort is a French biochemical doctor, born on November 20, 1935 in Paris, who studied the influence of various hormones and their antagonists on breast and ovarian cancers.
After secondary studies in Paris (lycée Carnot) where he became a laureate of the Concours Général des lycées en Sciences Naturelles, he followed a university education with a doctorate in medicine in 1968, a licence ès sciences in 1965, a doctorat ès sciences 3e cycle endocrinologie- in 1966, then a doctorat ès sciences in 1972.
He was a medical intern in the Paris hospitals in the 1961 competition in clinical endocrinology departments and trained in research as an associate and then as a research fellow in Étienne-Émile Baulieu's Inserm Unit from 1964 to 1970.
He was recruited at the Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier as Associate Professor, Hospital Biologist in 1970, then Professor of Biochemistry in 1981, then as Professor of Cell Biology from 1984 to 2004, and finally Professor Emeritus since 2005.
At the hospital as a Hospital Biologist, (1970-2001) he developed assays for steroid hormones, hormone receptors and prognostic and predictive tissue markers for response to targeted therapies in breast cancer.
Henri Rochefort's scientific work has focused on the influence of sex steroid hormones and their antagonists in breast and ovarian cancer.
As early as 1972, Henri Rochefort showed that antiestrogens inhibit tumor growth via ERs, which then facilitated their routine use in the treatment of positive ER breast cancers.
Discovery of a metabolite with a high affinity for RE, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which is produced in vivo and accumulated in RE positive cancers.
A mutation of the enzyme activating tamoxifen by hydroxylation is responsible for some innate tamoxifen resistance in patients treated for breast cancer.
RU 486, a progesterone antagonist, inhibits the growth of breast cancer via the progesterone receptor, suggesting the value of anti-progestins for the treatment of antiestrogen-resistant breast cancers expressing this receptor.
By specifying the mechanism of estrogen mitogenic action in breast cancer lines, Henri Rochefort and his team discovered cathepsin D (cathe D) as an actor in tumor progression.
(17-33) As early as 1980, H. Rochefort with F Vignon introduced the notion of autocrine regulation by mitogenic factors secreted and induced by estrogens .
He focused the activity of his research unit on a 52 kilo-dalton glycoprotein, induced by estrogens and growth factors; secreted in excess by breast cancer cells and endowed with autocrine mitogenic activity .
With monoclonal antibodies, developed with Sanofi, an assay of 52 K protein in breast cancer extracts in several retrospective double-blind studies showed in a totally unexpected way that high concentrations of this protein in the primary tumor predicted the subsequent development of clinical metastases (an example of serendipity) .
The 52k protein was then identified as the precursor of cathepsin D (cathept D) a lysosomal protease diverted into the extracellular matrix .
Henri Rochefort has clarified the mechanism of its transcriptional regulation by estrogens and its deregulation in breast cancers leading to its secretion .
Pro cath D acts, depending on the pH of the extracellular tumor medium, as a protease or as the ligand of a membrane receptor to facilitate the survival and growth of micro-metastases that have escaped from the tumor before its removal.
After confirmation in many Centres around the world, Cathedral D has become the first example of a protease, the measurement of which in the primary tumor has a prognostic value .
Conversely, the inhibition of its production by transfection of anti-sense RNA into breast cancer cells inhibits their growth and metastatic power in these mice.
(29-32) Thus, cath D is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancers, mainly triple-negative cancers as well as other solid tumors that overexpress it, such as colorectal cancer and melanoma .
Other novel pathways have been opened, such as transcriptional interference between RE and transcriptional factors (AP1), and variations in tissue expression by immunohistochemistry of ovarian hormone receptors (including estrogen beta receptor) in pre-cancerous breast lesions.
In total, starting from fundamental research on human breast cancer lines and after having prepared original specific molecular probes, H. Rochefort has transferred some of his results to the clinic and contributed internationally to the understanding of the mechanisms of hormonal carcinogenesis and to the therapeutic management of breast and ovarian cancers.
As research was no longer funded in France after retirement, Henri Rochefort reoriented himself towards general topics more directly useful in Public Health by leading several working groups.
Henri Rochefort, also participated in the creation of the Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) by transferring the Inserm Hormones and Cancer Unit, and is currently a volunteer consultant in this Institute to facilitate transfer research, close to clinical oncologists.
Trevor Briggs (birth registered third ¼ 1948 – death date unknown) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s.
number 6, in Bramley's 15-7 victory over Widnes in the 1973 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final during the 1973–74 season at Naughton Park, Widnes on Tuesday 18 December 1973.
The Stone Fleet was the colloquial name for the small coastal ships that carried cushed stone construction aggregate ('blue metal') from the port of Kiama and nearby ocean jetties in the Illawarra to Sydney.
Another colloquial name for this trade, the 'Blue Diamond Trade' probably stems from the term 'Black Diamond' used to describe coal, with a similar analogy being applied to 'blue metal', as the quarried and crushed basalt was known colloquially.
There are some intrusions of igneous rocks in the Sydney area, particularly at Prospect Hill and Hornsby, but these isolated outcrops, although later quarried, were insufficient to meet demand.
In the southern part of the Illawarra region, south from Sydney, there are extensive igneous rock formations—mainly basalt—stretching from north of Shellharbour to south of Kiama at Gerringong, and extending right to the coastline.
Around Kiama, the formations—known as the Gerringong Volcanics—are the result of lava flows from the extinct collapsed volcanic vent known as Saddleback Mountain.
It is by far the largest formation of igneous rocks relatively close to Sydney and was well situated to allow transport by sea.
The South Coast railway line did not reach Shellharbour (Dunmore) and Bombo until 1887 and it took until 1893 to reach Kiama; by that time, shipping of 'blue metal' by sea was already well established.
After the railway reached the district, significant amounts of the quarried and crushed stone were sent by rail, and some quarries had their own sidings.
Coastal shipping remained cost-competitive as a means of transport for many years and the coastal shipping trade in 'blue metal' continued until 2011.
Kiama was a port of the 'Stone Trade' from around 1881, when the Pike's Hill quarry opened on the outskirts of the town.
The connection from Blowhole Point to the mainland—previously submerged at high-tide—was raised by adding rock excavated from the basin in 1871.
It was also in 1871 that the first commercial shipment of crushed basalt—waste from the excavation of the basin—was made to Sydney.
It was difficult for sailing ships to enter Kiama, with a following wind, and not collide with the basin walls or other vessels; this problem was partially solved by placing a heavy chain on the seafloor at the harbour entrance, which ships could use to decelerate by dragging an anchor over it.
A narrow gauge (2-foot / 610mm) railway line ran from the quarries to the port, via Terralong Street, from 1914 until 1942, when the quarries at Kiama closed.
The arrival of the railway in 1887 and the aquisition of the quarry by the NSW Government Railways in 1889 made the jetty redundant.
A wooden jetty constructed around 1880 survived until 1957, when it was damaged in bad weather; its remains were demolished in 1958.
In the early 20th Century, 'blue metal' was unloaded at Pyrmont, by gangs of men in a similar way to 'coal lumping'.
Given the density of their cargo, 'Stone Fleet' ships were smaller and had relatively smaller holds than the typical 'sixty-miler' designed to carry coal.
Over the years of the 'Stone Trade', many ships of the Stone Fleet were wrecked, involved in collisions with other ships, or foundered.
Although the rescue of her ten crewmen was difficult, no lives were lost She had escaped serious damage, in 1923, when she ran aground at Doughboy Point five miles north of Cronulla.
Twelve of the fourteen crew lost their lives; the two survivors and the ship's dog making it to shore, but a considerable distance north of the location at which the ship sank.
Remnants of the narrow-gauge railway can be found in Terralong Street, Kiama, outside the Presbyterian Church and the locations of the loading bins at the basin can still be identified.
A Hanson concrete batching plant remains at Blackwattle Bay at the site of the former unloading facility, but is no longer used by ships.
The southern Illawarra has continued to be the main source of construction aggregate and ballast—for Sydney and much of New South Wales—for over 140 years.
Despite Jones's extensive career working with prominent engineers (such as John Rennie, William Jessop and Josiah Clowes) on many waterways, he gained a reputation of unreliability and inability, and was dismissed from a number of projects.
In 1773 he was living at Preston on the Hill, from where he undertook a number of contracts on the Bridgwater Canal.
Despite this, in 1783 he was contracted by the Thames and Severn Canal Company to dig the Sapperton Tunnel at 7 guineas per yard, with a completion date of 1788.
Jones's budget allowed for him to use an early type of railway in the construction, although his financial management led him to fail to pay his workers and he spent various periods in debtors' prison at Bisley, Minchinhampton, and Gloucester.
One spell in jail almost caused Jones to break his contract, which stated that he was not to be absent from the tunnel works for more than 28 days at a time.
He was released on the 27th day, to find that the canal company had enacted a lien on his personal belongings as a means of security.
In retaliation, Jones's son George made a drunken death threat to Samuel Smith, the canal company's owner; this resulted in the son being prohibited from coming within of the canal for five years.
In 1785, after a spell in gaol, Jones wrote to a Samuel Smith stating that of his own volition he would not set foot in the inns near the tunnel's ends at Hailey Wood or Sapperton.
The same year, after Jones disappeared on a three-day drinking binge, the canal proprietors gave him a three-month ultimatum to finish the tunnel or resign.
It is probable that Jones was dismissed during the summer of 1785, after digging just —less than half of the total tunnel length.
They outlined that they had made payments on Jones's behalf totaling £14,355, and that he was indebted to them by almost £2,000.
In August 1791, Jones was engaged on the Rother Navigation near Midhurst; it appears that a number of employees from the Basingstoke Canal—including Jessop and Pinkerton—were also involved in the project.
In 1804–1805 George was employed by John Rennie on the Royal Military Canal; slow progress meant that Rennie lost the contract and he blamed the poor works on his contractors.
By the mid-1830s it appears that the family of engineers firm had ceased to trade; one of the last Jones projects was that of the Devonport Waterworks.
During 2017 he was the Kluge Chair in Countries and Cultures of the North at the U.S. Library of Congress' John W. Kluge Center.
In 2012, Casanova was awarded the Theology Prize from the Salzburger Hochschulwochen in recognition of his life-long achievement in the field of theology.
However, he said that the song is not a slight on his ex-wife, as his co-write Pahanish came up with the title of the song and he used the line for the song.
Hoot performed the song in the finale of The Voice, and his performance was well-received by the coaches on the show.
The Pedregal rock art site is located in the most northwest corner of Costa Rica and lies only 20 km away from the Nicaraguan border.
The whole Pedregal archaeological zone forms part of the Guanacaste Conservation Area (GCA) and has been declared an UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site in 1999.
The first scientific report on its rock art monuments dates from 1989 (Chavez Jiménez) and is listed in the archaeological database of the Costa Rican National Museum under the sites key G-540-Pd.
At the El Pedregal site there are at least 465 rocks and boulders decorated with petroglyphs (Künne and Strecker 2008: 17).
1) lies between 400m and 800m above sea level and is probably the result of extensive deforestation during late 19th century.
The entire grass land forms a peculiar contrast to the nearby tropical forests (Nuhn 1978: 31) covering the remaining volcanic slopes.
2), their majority does not measure more than 2.00 m × 1.00 m × 1.00 m (length × width × height).
Due to the large size, the high number and the iconographic complexity of decorated stones, the Pedregal site is one of the most impressive archaeological monuments of Costa Rica and one of the most important rock art sites in Central America.
The iconographic inventory of the volcano Orosí seems to originate from a local convention of stone processing which is embedded into the traditions of the Greater Nicoya region.
They witness a broad variety of transcultural interrelationships maintained by the indigenous societies of Costa Rica before the arrival of European conquerors.
Their classification indicates a considerable number of motifs dating back to the early Tempisque-Bagaces period (500 BCE – 800 AD) whereas a minor iconographical corpus may be associated to the later Sapoá-Ometepe (800–1530 AD) era (Stone and Künne 2003: 205; Künne and Baker 216: 273).
Cooperating with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR) the long-term study documented a total of 324 decorated boulders until 2008.
The first research results of the PAVO was exposed in the 59th Annual Meeting for the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) in abril 1994.
Resulting from the cooperation of scientific institutions located in France, Germany and Costa Rica the particular focus of the recently initiated project is on the sites position within the transcultural networks of the Greater Nicoya region (Costa et al.
The PRAG is supported by the Institut Francais d'Amérique Centrale (IFAC), the Laboratoire d'Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm, UMR 8096), the Museos del Banco Central de Costa Rica (MBCCR), the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (Department of Ancient American Studies) and the Deutsche Altamerika Stiftung (DAS).
Further project partners are the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, the Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos (CEMCA) and the Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP).
The whole project has a duration of 5 years (2018–2022) and includes further prospections, the application of new recording technologies, archaeological test excavations and archaeometric investigations.
He has undertaken restoration work for public and private collections, including the British Museum, English Heritage, the National Trust, and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
He trained at the University of Warwick for a Cert Ed award and then taught at Northampton College, the University of Leicester, and Burghley House Education.
From 2005 to 2006 he worked as a research assistant at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, with funding from the German Academic Exchange Service.
Afterwards he was visiting lecturer at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and received scholarships from the in Basel and the Fritz Thyssen Foundation.
Herzfeld publishes technical essays and book contributions on American music, especially of the 20th century, on music and philosophy, on aesthetics of music and on musical analysis of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The peculiarity of this dialect is the fact that it combines Low German and High German characteristics in a large area.
This can be explained by the transformation of the Middle Low German dialect, which was also spoken in Frankfurt (Oder), by the High German influence into an East Central German dialect.
Charlee is an English unisex given name and nickname that is a feminine form of Charlie and a diminutive form of Charles.
Dionne Searcey grew up in Wymore, Nebraska where she attended from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and graduated with a degree in journalism and French.
Her area was the telecom industry until she moved to The New York Times in 2014 and began to write about the American economy.
She won the Michael Kelly Award for her reporting on Boko Haram as well as a citation by the Overseas Press Club.
Vikramsinh Ranjitsinh Patankar (born December 27, 1943) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra, who was a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA), representing the Patan (Vidhan Sabha Constituency) for five terms since 1983 to 2014, winning 1983, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1999 and 2009 elections.
He was first elected as an MLA, by winning a bye-election in 1983 from Patan, and subsequently re-elected from the same constituency in 1985 assembly election on the ticket of Indian Congress (Socialist).
In 2009, Vikramsinh Patankar won the assembly election from Patan constituency by defeating the Shiv Sena's candidate by a margin of 580 votes.
Before being elected as an MLA, Vikramsinh Patankar was elected as a member of Zila Parishad (district council) from Satara district in 1972.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 women's matches played between member sides from 1 July 2018 onwards.
Where more than one player won her first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
Arnold Schmitz (11 July 1893 – 1 November 1980) was a German musicologist who was particularly concerned with Beethoven, as well as a pianist and composer.
Born in Le Sablon bei Metz, Schmitz habilitated in 1921 and was subsequently professor at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and the Breslau University.
She was born on her grandfather's estate Yasnaya Polyana, the daughter of novelist and sculptor Lev Lvovich Tolstoy and his Swedish wife Dora Westerlund.
In 1940 she married Norwegian-born estate owner and former competitive skiier Herman Paus, the owner of the major Herresta estate outside Stockholm.
The FIA WTCR Race of Malaysia is a round of the World Touring Car Cup, which is held at the Sepang International Circuit in Malaysia.
Augustin helped generate a shift in Germany culture by introducing various genres of music at a time when schlager was the standard by giving exposure to krautrock bands such as Amon Düül II and Popol Vuh.
He later became the head of A&R for United Artists Records in Munich, and then the producer and manager for American R&B duo Ike & Tina Turner.
He shared an apartment with the musicians Charlie Chin of Cat Mother & the All Night Newsboys, Steve Turnage and Charles Kimbrough.
He worked at Stechert-Hafner bookstore attended concerts of Nina Simone and Thelonious Monk, who created his music in front of the audience on stage by involving the audience in the composition process.
Augustin often visited the Village Gate and Village Vanguard clubs, where he met Miriam Makeba, Harry Belafonte, Miles Davis, and Bill Cosby.
Eventually, his relationship with Leckebusch deteriorated because Leckebusch was taking credit for the success of the show, and Augustin got phased out of the show.
There he met and befriended promoter Bill Graham who introduced his to bands such as the Grateful Dead, Quicksilver, Sly & the Family Stone, and Ike & Tina Turner.
Siegfried Loch, head of Star-Club record label, started a German flagship label for United Artists/Liberty Records, to aim both at the domestic market and abroad.
In 1975, he left his position as head of A&R for United Artists Records in Munich to become their manager until their split in 1976.
He is the incumbent President of Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and the Deputy President of Korean Broadcasters Association (KBA) since 2018.
He earned a bachelor's degree in political science and international relations, as well as a master's degree in international politics from Korea University.
In 2007, he served as the President of Korean Producers and Directors Association and KBS Producers and Directors Association, and as the Organisation and Production Director of KBS Busan in 2013.
In 2008, Yang was one of the co-Presidents of the KBS Employees Action to Defend Public Broadcasting (shortly Employees Action), an organisation fighting against the media control of the President of the Republic, Lee Myung-bak.
After Lee Byung-soon replaced Chung, Yang was sacked from KBS, but filed an appeal so that the punishment was eased to 4-month suspension.
On 5 February 2018, almost a year after Moon Jae-in and the Democratic Party of Korea came to power, Yang announced his bid for KBS presidency after considering for a month.
He also added that KBS, as a public broadcasting, should be independent from bureaucrats and capitals, citing examples of JTBC and MBC.
On 6 April, he was officially appointed by the President of the Republic Moon Jae-in, though he failed to pass the National Assembly hearing process, in which the Liberty Korea Party opposed his appointment.
On 31 October, Yang was re-elected for his office, after passed an interview of KBS board of directors and citizens' advisories.
On 30 March 2018, during the parliamentary hearing session, a Liberty Korea MP Park Dae-chool said that he received a report, which Yang was at a karaoke in Haeundae on 16 April 2014, the day of the MV Sewol tragedy.
Yang at first denied it, but soon Park revealed a statement describing that Yang purchased at a karaoke via KBS credit card on the day of the tragedy.
On 4 December 2018, the programme broadcast an interview with Kim Soo-geun, a founder of the now-defunt Youth Party and the incumbent President of the Welcome to The Great, who praised Kim Jong-un during the interview session.
The KBS Public Trade Union filed a lawsuit against Yang and the in charges under the breach of the National Security Act.
The Inaugural award was handed out in 2011 which had three categories the highlight 'Bharat Gourav Award', the 'Lifetime Achievement Award' and the 'Player of the Season Award'.
The East Bengal end of the season awards are presented on the 1st of August every year which is also the Foundation Day of the Club.
The awards ceremony was started in 2011 with the main highlight 'Bharat Gourav Award', given out to honour outstanding sports personalities who had made India proud in the field of sports.
Along with 'Bharat Gourav' award, East Bengal club also honours the Player of the Season and also presents 'Lifetime achievement' award to former players and sportsperson of the club.
East Bengal Club had constituted the ‘BHARAT GOURAV’ Award in 2011 to honour outstanding sports personalities who had made India proud in the field of sports.
East Bengal had constituted the 'Player of the Season' Award in 2011 to honour the best football player of the previous season.
East Bengal had constituted the 'Academy Player of the Year' Award in 2018 to honour the best football player of the East Bengal F.C.
Catapulted to nationwide notoriety, in the early 1900s he was a point of reference for heated debates on religion and politics; today he is considered a representative of intransigent religious fundamentalism.
Roca served as lecturing canon by the cathedrals of Las Palmas (1876-1892) and Seville (1892-1917), animated some diocesan periodicals and published numerous booklets.
He was one of very few nationally recognizable personalities of the Spanish Church who openly and systematically supported the Carlist cause, though he remained sympathetic also towards the Integrist breed of Traditionalism.
The ancient Catalan family of Roca got very branched throughout the centuries, with its representatives scattered across all of the region.
It is not clear what particular line the ancestors of Roca y Ponsa followed; none of the sources consulted provides any information on his distant forefathers.
It is established that his father, Cayetano Roca Subirachs (1828-1918), was a native of Vich; he formed part of the local bourgeoisie and in the mid-19th century either owned or otherwise operated a corset factory, manufacture or workshop.
It is not clear how many children they had; among José’s siblings there was at least one brother Cayetano and two sisters, Dolores and Margarita.
His education in Seminario de Vich was terminated in unclear circumstances, related to the fall of Isabelline monarchy and the Glorious Revolution.
Either in late 1872 or in early 1873 Roca y Ponsa and 3 other Vich seminarians were transferred to the seminary in Las Palmas; it is there he completed bachillerato in teología in 1873.
He became a deacon in 1874 and as a presbyter was ordained a priest in 1875; he held his first mass on March 27, 1875.
Between June and September Roca y Ponsa served as ecónomo in the Canarian village of Artenara, where in 1876 he ascended to párroco castrense.
The same year and following a brief spell on the peninsula he obtained bachillerato, licenciatura and doctorado of canon law in Granada.
Back on the Canary Islands he assumed teaching at the Las Palmas seminary, first as catedrático of Hermenéutica y Oratoria Sagrada but over the years having classes also in Latin, philosophy, Hebrew and dogmatics.
In Las Palmas Roca y Ponsa kept serving as lecturing canon by the cathedral and as catedrático by the local seminary.
He was gradually gaining recognition; in 1877 the Canary bishop, José María Urquinaona, nominated him head of the diocesan pilgrimage to Rome; Roca was also assuming prestigious roles during local ceremonies.
His position in the Las Palmas hierarchy was enhanced with the 1879 arrival of the new bishop, ; in 1881 Pozuelo nominated him to sort out politically sensitive question of the local cemetery.
At the turn of the decades Roca launched a short-lived diocesan daily and then a bi-weekly, which he managed until 1888.
His militant articles aimed against the liberal regime cost him trial; in 1885 he was sentenced to living 3,5 years 25 km away from Las Palmas, but it is not sure whether the sentence was enforced.
However, for reasons which remain unclear he decided to leave the islands and applied for position of a canon by the Seville cathedral.
Things changed in 1899, when Roca gained nationwide recognition following publication of his pamphlet, directed against teachings of the primate, cardinal Sancha.
Because it was wrongly assumed that the criticism was authorised by the Seville archbishop Spínola it caused a scandal and widespread debate.
Though he gained recognition bordering notoriety, Roca did not progress in terms of his ecclesiastical career, especially that in 1911 his new booklets triggered negative response from the Vatican.
Apart from his role of lecturing canon he assumed only some new teaching jobs in the local seminary, at Hispalense, and at various private establishments.
In the mid-1910s Roca started to withdraw from active religious service, especially that in 1914 he suffered a grave accident, which resulted in continuous health problems.
Upon reaching the regular retirement age he resigned his canon position and in 1917 entered Congregación de Sacerdotes de San Felipe Neri, an order grouping retired chaplains.
A member of numerous religious congregations in the late 1920s he rose to executive roles in some, his activity limited by growing problems with eyesight.
His last sermons in Seville are dated for mid-1931; around that time he moved back to Las Palmas, where he was taken care of by the family of his sister.
Roca gained his name first as orator and already in 1879 he was assigned to deliver important sermons during prestigious religious events.
In the early 1890s he was locally well known in Las Palmas for his homilies, the image then reinforced during the 25-year-service in Seville.
Especially after 1910 Roca used to speak also at secular venues, usually marked by right-wing militancy; they could have been half-scientific sessions commemorating personalities like Jaime Balmes and Marcelino Menendez Pelayo or Traditionalism-flavored openly political conferences.
For some 15 years Roca was the moving spirit behind a number of Catholic Canarias periodicals, either issued directly by the bishopry or by related institutions.
In the 1900s he vigorously took part in conferences known as Asamblea Nacional de Buena Prensa and until the early 1910s remained active in their Sevillan outpost, inspecting Catholic papers in terms of their orthodoxy.
Between 1873 and 1935 Roca published some 15 booklets, formatted either as collections of essays, often based on his earlier sermons, or as pamphlets.
They usually dwelled on religion and politics; the author used to offer his – routinely highly critical – diagnosis of Spanish public life and advanced own suggestions for the future.
They were underpinned by confidence that a community without an officially accepted and enforced orthodoxy, a community where various concepts of public life constantly compete for domination, can not form an orderly, peaceful, operational society.
In his view the only appropriate orthodoxy was Catholicism, which for centuries shaped the Spanish self and contributed to greatness of the nation; Catholic principles should serve as guidelines organizing both state and society.
Their antithesis was liberalism, not only useless as a political doctrine, but also unacceptable as a moral concept; it remained responsible for decline of Spain and led towards further calamities in the future.
Roca’s view was fairly typical for some sections of the Spanish society, yet it was expressed in most absolute and intransigent form; politics was viewed as battleground between God and Satan.
He classified all political groupings into just two categories: liberal and anti-liberal ones; basically, only the Carlists and the Integrists were considered part of the latter; all other parties formed the ungodly, sinister liberal camp.
Roca reserved particular criticism for the Conservatives, who accepted the Restoration political framework; though theoretically catering to Christian sections of the society, in fact with their hypocrisy they undermined Christian values.
In the early 1900s Roca tried to format the emerging popular Catholic political movement, which at the time was taking shape of numerous Catholic congresses, as a vehicle of militant intransigent policy.
He tried to orient them towards rejection of malmenorismo, which in practical terms would have stood for adopting an anti-regime posture; having failed, he then denounced them as doomed and based on false principles.
Though at the time classical Spanish liberalism was in decline, giving way to new socialist and republican movements, Roca did not re-focus his approach; for him, new radical revolutionary ideas were merely extreme embodiments of liberalism.
While absolutism – also considered brainchild of liberal fallacy - was usurpation of an individual, republicanism, nationalism or socialism were also usurpations against godly order, but attempted in name of specific groups.
He kept opposing also social-Catholic and Christian-democratic movements, tailored to operate in liberalism-ridden democratic regime and guilty of abandoning unity between religious and political objectives.
However, when in 1888 the latter broke away from orthodox Carlism himself to set up the branch known as Integrism, Roca did not take sides and remained equidistant.
As a key attendant Roca took part in a grand Carlist meeting known as Magna Junta de Biarritz of 1919 and delivered one of key lectures; his embrace with the claimant Don Jaime was among iconic scenes from the rally.
In 1930 and along other Carlists Roca intervened with cardenal Segura, perplexed about his statements which appeared to endorse Alfonsism; the same year he assisted in a grand rally of Andalusian Integrists.
Until the late 1890s Roca y Ponsa was known locally, appreciated in Catholic circles of Las Palmas and Sevilla for his unyielding, well-delivered sermons.
It was the 1899 Sancha – Spínola controversy which catapulted him to nationwide notoriety; Traditionalist dailies saluted him as righteous Christian, ridiculed him as reactionary relic.
The issue was formally brought before Vatican; the pronouncement of Extraordinary Congregation for Ecclesiastic Affairs, which somewhat ambiguously sided with Sancha, was welcome with relief in governmental circles; also the regent Maria Christina spoke out.
The debate demonstrated that Roca was not isolated among the Spanish clergy, and at one point it seemed that the episcopate was uncertain about the way forward.
However, in the following decades the Church opted for a moderate political strategy; Roca’s defeat was sealed by another official Vatican’s pronouncement of 1911; it stated that though doctrinally correct, his writings were not official political recommendations for the Catholics.
It seems that in the 1970s in Seville there was an organisation named Fundación Roca y Ponsa, yet there is nothing closer known about its activity.
In the 1990s the Canarian Carlists attempted to revive his memory; they set up Círculo Tradicionalista Roca y Ponsa in Las Palmas, launched a project on Catholic counter-revolutionary thought on the islands and operated a dedicated web page.
The initiative died out; there is only one minor biographic article on Roca and another one on his early writings from the 1870s.
He is typically presented as representative of reactionary, sectarian currents, who advanced intolerant fanaticism and provoked a grave crisis between the archbishops of Toledo and Seville.
He might also be noted as author of primitive run-of-the-mill anti-Darwinian tirades, failed contender in early discussions on Spanish political Catholicism, or a sample of ultramontanism.
More favorably disposed scholars list him among theorists like , and Sardá y Salvany or position him as a classical example of Integrism.
In wide public discourse Roca is almost absent; if noted, he is mentioned as the one who triggered a conflict between two hierarchs.
The Bras d'Isaïe (English: arm of Isaiah) is a tributary of the rivière à Mars, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
northeast on , then the course of the Saguenay River east on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Bandhan Tod is an initiative of Gender Alliance Managed by Prashanti Tiwari to support the state government's efforts to end child marriage and dowry.
The 2019-20 Minnesota State Mavericks men's ice hockey season was the 51st season of play for the program, the 24th at the Division I level and the 21st in the WCHA conference.
Adelheid von Schugel, now a priest, explains to a churchgoer of his belief that the Empire was at war with the whole world because all the other nations feared it.
Initially, the Imperial forces appear to have lost the battle, but the 203rd helps the Imperial side gain a decisive tactical advantage by completely destroying the Free Republic's headquarters.
As the battle draws to a close, Tanya announces triumphantly that the 203rd would return to the Empire for R&R, much to the pleasure of the 203rd's soldiers.
However, upon their arrival in Empire, Rerugen orders the 203rd to an immediate reconnaissance mission on the Empire's eastern border with the Russy Federation.
At the border, the 203rd covertly observe the movements of Federation forces, including the preparation of a long-range railway gun and the stockpiling of war materiel.
However, just as the 203rd prepare to retreat, the railway cannon fires, and the 203rd receives radio messages from Strategic Headquarters warning that the Federation has declared war on the Empire.
After some consideration, Tanya proposes a direct attack on the Moscow, the capital city of the Federation, to which Weiss responds with shock.
However, Tanya dismisses his worries and assures Weiss that Moscow's AA defence is so poor that a Cessna could be landed in the Red Square unmolested.
Meanwhile, Warrant Officer Mary Sioux, who has enlisted in the US Army as an aerial mage, is on a train towards Moscow with other multinational military volunteers of the 42nd Flying Division.
She writes a letter to her mother, sharing her experiences in recruit training, expressing that she is well, but misses her mother.
Having arrived at Moscow, Mary's commanding officer Lieutenant Colonel William Drake, meets his uncle, who discloses to Drake of the various events within the Federation.
She refuses orders from Drake and takes off to engage the 203rd, forcing the remaining members of the 42nd to also engage in battle.
Mary becomes enraged after discovering that Tanya is carrying her father's rifle and engages Tanya in a duel, but is defeated.
Late at night at Imperial East Border Temporary Camp 21, the 203rd and other Imperial soldiers celebrate their successes and become drunk.
Some time after, the 203rd receives emergency orders to assist the 3rd and 22nd Divisions, who haven been encircled at Tiegenhoff.
Tanya gleefully notes that retaking control of Tiegenhoff would allow the Empire access to a major railway hub connecting all railway lines into the Federation.
Back in Moscow, Loria finds out about Tanya's presence at Tiegenhoff and advocates the use of massed manpower to capture the city, which is approved.
Drake shares with his uncle his frustration at being sent into battle; the 42nd's mages have only just left basic training.
Mary sees Tanya and disobeys Drake's orders; she breaks off and duels Tanya in a rage, all while exhibiting her abnormally massive magical power.
While duelling Mary, Tanya comes to the conclusion that Mary has been influenced by Being X, who granted Mary her power to pressure Tanya into worshipping it.
Later, while staring at the countless dead of the battle, Tanya monologues that her envisioned 'peaceful life' is unlikely to materialise due to Being X's meddling.
Ten days later, Tanya successfully convinces Strategic Headquarters to let her transfer to the rear for two months to do research on combined arms battle tactics.
Two months later, Tanya is informed by Zettour that she has now been given control of the 8th Kampfgruppe 'Salamander': a combined arms unit comprising artillery, infantry, tanks and her own 203rd in order to investigate the efficacy of her own research.
The film was both a critical and commercial success, earning 100 million yen in its first five days and 400 million yen in total.
From 1998 to July 2009 she was editor-in-chief of Die Tageszeitung and has held the same post at Frankfurt Rundschau since April 2014.
Born Barbara Mika in Komprachcice, near Opole in Upper Silesia in 1954, her family moved to Aachen in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1959.
Mika has worked as a professor at the Berlin University of the Arts since 2007 and was joint head of the cultural journalism course until March 2014.
She is also on the board of trustees of Journalists Network and from 2018 she's been on the Board of Trustees for the Peace prize, Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels.
She is John Brancaccio Professor at the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University and also the Director of the Laboratory for Intelligent Systems and Control (LISC) at the same University.
Professor Ferrari’s research interests include Robotics, Theory of computation, Statistics and machine learning, systems and Networking, Neuroscience, Signal and Image Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Sensors and Actuators, Complex Systems, Remote Sensing, Algorithms, Nonlinear dynamics, Information theory, and communications.
Prof. Silvia Ferrari moved to Cornell University and focused on the development of new mathematical models of learning and plasticity uncovered from biological brains, design, and analysis of methods and algorithms for computational intelligence and sensorimotor learning and control.
She also developed new methods rooted in machine learning and systems theory to design intelligent autonomous systems that are able to learn and discover new information over time.
Her Principal research efforts include the Intelligent systems for criminal profiling, approximate dynamic programming, learning in neural and Bayesian networks, reconfigurable control of aircraft, sensor path planning, and Integrated surveillance systems.
She worked on research projects like artificial brains and on the brains of moths with an aim to improve the drone flight for which she has been awarded grants of $2,587,875 and $400,000 respectively.
She was also a part of Developing new programming that will make Robobees more autonomous and adaptable to complex environments and her research project on robots development and responding to human gestures.
In an effort to win the Popular board game Clue, she along with her team developed a strategy and succeeded in doing so.
Additional awards include the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, international crime analysis association research award, and National Science Foundation Career award.
how can a hyperspectral camera be used to monitor an industrial plant and what type of parameters robots use for perception.
Thailand's Department of Fisheries (Abrv: DOF; , ), part of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, is responsible for the promotion the Thai fishing industry while ensuring the sustainability of aquaculture and capture fisheries.
Its mission statement makes no mention of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU), the responsibility of other agencies such as the Ministry of Labour.
The government began to take an interest in Thai fisheries management in 1901, primarily as a source of taxes and tariffs.
A royal proclamation on 22 September 1921 gave the Ministry of Lands and Agriculture responsibility for aquaculture, preservation of aquatic animals, and regulating fishing equipment.
It was renamed the Department of Fisheries (DOF) in 1933, then combined with the Department of Agriculture as the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries.
Only transfers involving a team from the professional divisions are listed, including the 16 teams in the 2019–20 Belgian First Division A and the 8 teams playing in the 2019–20 Belgian First Division B.
The window closes at midnight on 31 January 2020 although outgoing transfers might still happen to leagues in which the window is still open.
Carex viridula, known as little green sedge, green sedge, or greenish sedge, is a small flowering plant native to North America, Europe, Asia, and Morocco.
The Bras des Mouches is a tributary of the Bras d'Isaïe, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Northeast on , then the course of the Saguenay River east on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Initially 27 teams were allocated direct vacancies to enter the competition, with another 5 teams joining the competition via Champions League qualification.
Each team plays a home and an away match with result points awarded for each leg (3 points for 3–0 or 3–1 wins, 2 points for 3–2 win, 1 point for 2–3 loss).
The Golden Set winner is the team that first obtains 15 points, provided that the points difference between the two teams is at least 2 points (thus, the Golden Set is similar to a tiebreak set in a normal match).
The match between Voléro Le Cannet and CSM București has been cancelled as a result of CSM București being banned from playing European cups for 3 years.
He mainly worked on producing musical editions for the older (pre-Vatican II) forms of the Roman Rite, and was involved in obtaining permission to hold services according to this form of the liturgy at the Alt-St.-Nikolaus church in Bonn.
The program has a one-year curriculum that is co-curated by nine institutions of higher learning: Harvard University, Duke University, Georgetown University, McGill University, New York University, Bard College, The Foundation Center, The League of American Orchestras and El Sistema (USA).
Annette Edwards (born April 1952) holds consecutive awards for breeding the world's longest rabbits and is the oldest glamour model in the United Kingdom.
Later, a ruling would prevent young mothers to compete, leading Edwards to support a campaign to overturn the ban in 2014.
In an interview about this campaign, Edwards spoke about inappropriate advances from photographers and how this type of harassment had not changed in her lifetime.
She has spent around £18,000 on surgery to resemble the likeness of cartoon character Jessica Rabbit, and appeared on the show 50 Greatest Plastic Surgery Shockers.
In 2018 Edwards announced that she was retiring from glamour modelling after 40 years of being a model, having previously been awarded the world's oldest Page 3 model by the Guinness Book of World Records.
Edwards breeds giant rabbits known as Continental Giants, reportedly at a cost of £5000 per year, covering 2000 carrots and 700 apples.
Love Is at Stake (French: L'amour est en jeu) is a 1957 French comedy drama film directed by Marc Allégret and starring Robert Lamoureux, Annie Girardot and Jacques Jouanneau.
Charle is a Finnish, French and Swedish masculine given name and nickname that is an alternate form of Charles as well as an English feminine given name and nickname that is a diminutive form of Scarlet and Scarlett.
Goddess Leimarel Sidabi, the supreme goddess of Sanamahism and Kanglei mythology, has numerous incarnations, from several generation to generation in the forms of various ladies in human, divine-human and divine births.
The 2019–20 Eastern Michigan Eagles men's basketball team represents Eastern Michigan University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Eagles, led by ninth-year head coach Rob Murphy, play their home games at the Convocation Center in Ypsilanti, Michigan as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference.
Anthony Brown is an astronomer at the University of Leiden most noted for leading the Gaia project’s Data Processing and Analysis Consortium.
Anthony Brown obtained his Master of Science degree in Astronomy from the University of Leiden in 1991, where he also obtained his PhD in 1996 on the topic of the stellar content and evolution of OB associations .
After postdoc positions at Leiden, Instituto de Astronomía, Ensenada, Mexico, and the European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany, he rejoined Leiden University first as a research associate from 2001 to 2006, and then as faculty.
As a member of the photometric and classification working groups he contributed to the optimization of the photometric filter system, and has been a member of the Gaia science team since 2006.
He was appointed Chair of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) Executive in 2012, and is the corresponding author of Gaia Data Release 1 and 2.
The 2020 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup will be the 29th edition of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, the annual men's international invitational field hockey tournament in Malaysia.
Mario Sandoval was an Argentinian police officer and academic who is considered to be one of the most brutal torturers during the Argentine dictatorship of 1976-1983.
He had been an academic in Paris, teaching at the Sorbonne's Institute for Latin American Studies as an external lecturer between 1999 and 2005, and also lectured at the University of Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée.
The news of his extradition from France to Argentina was welcomed by Argentine human rights activists and relatives of victims of the dictatorship.
The 2020 Super Formula Lights Championship is the 1st Super Formula Lights Championship season, following the rebranding of the Japanese Formula 3 Championship after the end of the 2019 season to better showcase the pathway for young drivers in japanese motorsport.
After completing her studies at City Varsity, Koetle-Nyokong landed a lead role in a film production company known as Second chances, which was produced by Andile Ncube.
He proceeded to Ghana Secondary School, Tamale in September, 1975 where he sat the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (GCE O' Level) examinations.
After the completion of his exams, he continued to Bagabaga Teacher Training College, Tamale, where he completed his training as a Certificate 'A' 3-Year Post-Secondary teacher.
The song was announced in a video shared on the band's official social media, and serves as a thank you to the fans for helping them celebrate their 20th anniversary.
The 39-second video has the five animated members of the band mingling with the crew from the anime, up until the moment when Arashi is about to give a concert.
Carmen Sarmiento (born 30 August 1944) is an award winning Spanish journalist and television presenter specializing in international and social issues especially relating to feminism and disadvantaged women.
Vinil Poojary (born 27 August 1997) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
The 2020 Nova Scotia Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship of Nova Scotia, was held from January 20 to 26 at the Dartmouth Curling Club in Dartmouth.
Mary-Anne Arsenault defeated former teammate Colleen Jones 7-4 in the final to win her ninth Nova Scotia Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
On 4 December 2018, the programme broadcast an interview with Kim Soo-geun, a founder of the now-defunt Youth Party and the incumbent President of the Welcome to The Great, who praised Kim Jong-un during the interview session.
The KBS Public Trade Union filed a lawsuit against Yang Seung-dong, the KBS President who projected the programme, and the in charges under the breach of the National Security Act.
For the role, she won Best Supporting Actress from the San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2019, the Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2019, and the 2019 Chicago Indie Critics Awards.
He made his List A debut for Lankan Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 4 March 2019.
Face to Face () is a 2019 Sri Lankan Sinhala action thriller film directed by Harsha Udakanda and co-produced by Shermal Dilshan and Sahan Abeywardane for HU Films and Flash Entertainments.
Lamgoulen Hangshing (born 5 October 1997) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
André Jean Martin (born 20 September 1929 in Paris) is a particle physicist who made his career at CNRS and CERN.
After studying at the École normale supérieure (class of 1949), he began his career as a CNRS researcher under the direction of Maurice Lévy at the physics laboratory of the École Normale.
He has made numerous visits to the United States, including two one-year visits to the Institute for Advanced Study at the invitation of J.R. Oppenheimer and to New York University, Stony Brook, at the invitation of C.N.
The most interesting results of Maurice Lévy's thesis are the reconstruction of a separable interaction from a phase shift and an original demonstration of Levinson's theorem.
At CERN he first worked on the analytical properties of the amplitude of scattering by a potential: on the one hand a demonstration of the Mandelstam representation for a Yukawa potential, on the other hand a new method for studying partial waves using the Laplace transform.
After the proof, due to Froissart, that the total effective cross section cannot grow faster than the logarithm squared of the energy, using the Mandelstam representation, he is interested in the amplitude of high-energy scattering.
Finally, in 1966 he succeeded in demonstrating the validity of the Froissart bound using local field theory, without postulating the Mandelstam representation.
In the meantime, in 1964, he obtains an absolute bound on the pion-pion scattering amplitude, this bound was considerably improved later.
In 1977, stimulated by experimental results on quarkonium, formed from a heavy quark and antiquark, he began to study the order of energy levels in potentials, but it was not until 1984 that the best criterion, the Laplacian sign of potential, was found.
At the same time, in 1981, he proposed a naïve model of potential to reproduce the levels of quarkonium, whose predictive power is extraordinary.
An overview of these results can be found in the book written with H.Grosse and a more recent unpublished review can be found in ArXives.
André Martin has also studied low-energy scattering in the case of two dimensions of space as well as the counting of related states.
Recent work (after 2008) includes a lower bound on the inelastic rms cross-section, the sign of the real part of the forward scattering amplitud and a lower bound on the wide-angle scattering amplitude.
They were the first elections in which Romanian citizens living in the province of Dobruja were allowed to vote, with Constanța County and Tulcea County gaining representatives in the Romanian Parliament for the first time, despite having been part of Romania since 1878.
Albania has participated every edition at the Summer Youth Olympic Games since the inaugural 2010 Games and they participated the first time at the Winter Youth Olympic Games on 2020 Games.
Of these, 76.9% spoke Ukrainian, 13.6% Yiddish, 4.5% Moldovan or Romanian, 3.9% Russian, 0.9% Polish, 0.1% German, 0.1% Romani, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Czech as their native language.
Zaitzevia thermae, also called the warm springs zaitzevian riffle beetle, is a flightless, wingless small beetle found in aquatic habitats in Montana.
The species is distinguished from other elmids by its 8–segmented antennae, its side–lying and silk like elytra, pimply abdominal sternum, and other minor genetic differences.
They are known from only a handful of occurrences around a small warm spring along Bridger Creek, near Bozeman, Montana, on land owned by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
The primary threat to the species was the massive reduction of its habitat by human intervention, namely water collection infrastructure at the spring.
The species is classified as N1, or critically imperiled, by NatureServe, but threats to its longevity have largely been eliminated, and drastic change in the size of its population in the next ten years is unlikely.
The species attaches itself to the underside of rocks or clings to watercress and feeds on algae on the gravel bottom of the spring using their mandibles.
They are non–migratory, and their lack of wings makes their dispersal opportunities limited, but are most likely long–lived, with lifespans of greater than a year.
Normalien, agrégé de physique, PhD in physics, research director at the CNRS, member of several French and foreign Academies, and notably founding member of the French Academy of Technologies (in 2000) and Corresponding Member of the French Academy of sciences.
Gérard Toulouse is the author of various works in the field of theoretical physics: physics of condensed matter (magnetism, surfaces), magnetic impurity in a metal (Kondo effect): discovery of the Toulouse limit, exact results in the study of critical phenomena of phase transitions, topological classification of defects in ordered media, frustrated and disordered systems, spin glasses, neural networks and brain theories.
In connection with his long-standing commitments (defence of human rights and international law, replacement of war by law, European construction), and his active participation in the emergence of the ethical movement in science and technology, he is notably a founding member of the Euroscience association (since 1997) and a member of the French association of the Pugwash movement (vice-president 1998-2010).
Former member of the Standing Committee on Science & Ethics of ALLEA (Alliance of European Academies) from 1999 to 2010 (President between 2001 and 2006).
The La Ferthé Foundation is a member of the French Centre for Foundations (since its creation in 2003), and is active in several foundation networks (notably the family foundation network).
The La Ferthé Foundation is active in the cultural, scientific, economic and social fields by providing support to encourage study and creation.
Among other actions, the foundation awards a prize 'Knowledge and Courage', the first winners of which were Florence Hartmann and Philippe Videlier (1998), and the most recent winners Sarah Oppenheim (2012), Nicole Otto (2013) and Lila Lamrani (2015).
In 1993, the Lebanese physicist Rammal Rammal (1951-1991) created a prize in memory of his scientific godson, to honour eminent scientists from around the Mediterranean.
It describes a place in the spirit world, which varies greatly according to the religious current, but which could generally be equated with a kind of spiritual colony.
For this reason, the term Aruanda may have several meanings, depending on the terreiro, or spiritualist center in which it is mentioned.
For the traditional Umbanda, founded in 1908 by the Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas, the inhabitants of Aruanda are working spirits of goodness and charity, newly disembodied in learning, and light spirits who have not been returning to the physical realm for a long time.
These spiritual guides, despite their spiritual evolution, remain in the vibrating dimension of Aruanda to continue assisting the incarnate and discarnate, manifesting on Earth under the fluidic clothing (in spiritual typology) of old blacks, caboclos and children.
Its true forms, however, transcend race, creed, or ethnicity, and their manifestation is possible in any congregation that practices the love-charity binomial and admits spiritual communication.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Saracens Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The White Truck (French: Le camion blanc) is a 1943 French comedy drama film directed by Léo Joannon and starring Jules Berry, Blanchette Brunoy and François Périer.
A young garage mechanic is hired for an unusual assignment, to drive a white truck around France carrying the corpse of a famed gypysy leader.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Winifred Merrill Warren (July 24, 1898 – March 11, 1990) was an American violinist and music educator, a professor of music at the Indiana University School of Music from 1938 to 1961.
Her father was a violinist, a student of Joseph Joachim and Bernhard Ziehn; he taught music in Iowa and was founder and dean of the music department at Indiana University.
She formed the Indiana University Trio with two of her colleagues, Finnish cellist Lennart von Zweygberg and German pianist Ernest Hoffzimmer.
Of these, 82.6% spoke Ukrainian, 11.6% Yiddish, 3.3% Russian, 2.0% Polish, 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
He made his first-class debut on 7 February 2019, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2018–19 Premier League Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The commandery constituted part of the Lu Kingdom during the reigns of Emperor Guangwu and Emperor Ming, until Liu Qiang (劉彊), the prince of Donghai, offered the territory back to the imperial government.
In 140, there were 13 counties, namely Tan, Lanling, Qi, Qu, Xiangben, Changlü, Cheng, Yinping, Licheng, Hexiang, Zhuqi, Houqiu, and Ganyu (赣榆).
During Cao Wei dynasty, Donghai served as the fief of Cao Lin, a son of the Emperor Wen, and his son Cao Qi (曹啟).
In 549 during Eastern Wei, a commandery centered in Ganyu was renamed Donghai, while the former commandery was renamed to Haixi (海西).
Of these, 74.4% spoke Ukrainian, 12.4% Yiddish, 7.1% Russian, 5.1% Polish, 0.3% Bashkir, 0.2% Tatar, 0.1% German, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Czech as their native language.
So opened the company's first location in a 40-square-foot space in the Apple Mall section of the Dragon Centre shopping mall in Sham Shui Po, which she leased for per month, soon after she separated from her ex-husband.
The store initially sold low-cost jewellery and a small amount of stationery purchased online from mainland China, with teenage schoolgirls being its main target audience.
As the company was able to attract a wider range of customers owing to the shop's location on a busy street, the company expanded the types of products it sold to include more types of stationery, household items and smartphone accessories.
So met Law Ka-cheung, her current husband, in 2016; Law's parents founded stationery wholesaler Tung Fong Stationery Co. and operated the company for 30 years.
Law joined Cheap Lab as a shareholder, injecting capital and introducing new sources for procuring products, such as by bypassing wholesalers and directly importing products from a Korean manufacturer.
Sit also noted that the company allowed retail staff to manage and interact with customers on the company's Facebook fan page based on their own creativity, including by taking videos of themselves promoting new products, with few restrictions.
This stands in contrast with similar stationery retailers in Hong Kong which rarely use social media and instead focus on low pricing and quick inventory turnover.
Sit pointed to several examples, including a Cheap Lab employee showcasing a low-cost fidget spinner by demonstrating in a video several ways with which it can be played; and another employee using a pair of 3M titanium scissors, instead of a knife, to cut a roast suckling pig.
The company trialed the sale of higher-priced products in 2019, though So noted that customers were generally unwilling to purchase products priced above HK$50.
To reduce costs, the company usually selects shops with both a ground floor and an upper or basement floor, with a combined area larger than 1500 square feet to accommodate multiple types of products.
In addition to founding Cheap Lab, So also founded online baby products retailer Little Monster in 2019, with an initial investment of HK$100,000.
In explaining why she decided to start a new brand instead of selling baby products in Cheap Lab locations, she explained that as a mother herself, she felt that the environment inside Cheap Lab stores was not suitable for the sales of baby products.
Raymond Neville Kirkham (born 16 December 1934) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Ralph Graham Cann (born 17 November 1934) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Parks performed her first-ever gig at The Great Escape in Brighton in May 2019, and has gone on to perform on the BBC Music Introducing stage at Glastonbury Festival in late June 2019, as well as at Latitude Festival in July 2019.
In 1886, he worked with Nadine Osborne also known as Omene who was a London girl that acted as his assistant until 1892.
Diadema–Morumbi Metropolitan Corridor is an intermunicipal bus corridor of corridor of extension that connect the cities of São Paulo and Diadema.
Projected and built by EMTU, the line is currently administred by Metra, with an initial demand of 85,000 passengers per day.
The 2020 Philippines Football League which will also be known under a yet to be announced name due to the league's title sponsorship of Qatar Airways, is the fourth season of the Philippines Football League (PFL), the professional football league of the Philippines.
For the first time, the champion of the tournament will qualify for Group Stage of the 2021 AFC Champions League which expanded to 40 teams from previous 32 teams.
A maximum of four foreigners are allowed per club which follows the Asian Football Confederation's (AFC) '3+1 rule'; three players of any nationality and a fourth coming from an AFC member nation.
From 1967-1969 she studied classical archaeology at the University of Athens under Spyridon Marinatos and took part in excavations at Kerameikos.
Kenneth Edward Mellor (born 22 August 1934) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Swindon Town.
: The Spirit of Tawhid [Monotheism], Rejection of non-God Obedience) (Persian: روح توحید، نفی عبودیت غیر خدا) is the name of a book/article from Iran’s supreme leader, Seyyed Ali Khamenei (Persian: سید علی خامنه ای), which was published in 1977 for the first time.
General plan of Islamic thoughts in the Quran); and its contents are the matters of that chapter but in a vaster volume.
The 2019-20 Northern Michigan Wildcats men's ice hockey season was the 44th season of play for the program and the 20th in the WCHA conference.
The 2019 Big South Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big South Conference held from November 1 through November 10, 2019.
The quarterfinals of the tournament were held at campus sites, while the semifinals and final took place at Sportsplex at Matthews in Matthews, North Carolina.
The conference tournament title was the seventh for the Radford women's soccer program and the seventh for head coach Ben Sohrabi.
Keith Anthony Savin (5 June 1929–1992) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Derby County and Mansfield Town.
It began as the Burgersdorp Theological School, founded in 1869 and moved to Potchefstroom, South Africa, at the end of 1904, opening the following year.
The School’s first offices, including the dormitories, teachers’ quarters, and classrooms of the Preparatory School, were sold to the Transvaal provincial government in 1926 for £7,500.
To make more room for students in the Department of Literature (forerunner of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Educaton (PU for CHE), the aforementioned buildings and library were moved to a side wing of the Preparatory School.
The GKSA Jubilee Fund, at the 1920 Synod, approved £3,000 to build a new school, after 3 morgans of land had already been purchased for a nominal £25 in 1917.
The TSP buildings were repurposed in the 1950’s as part of the GKSA Administrative Offices and Archives, as well as the house of worship for the Potchefstroom-Die Bult Reformed Church.
From its dedication on October 18, 1952 to 2015, the main church building housed the Potchefstroom North Reformed Church (GKSA), until it merged with the Noordbrug Reformed Church.
At the 1949 GKSA Synod, the TSP Curator proposed a construction plan to provide space for the library, reading room, archives, and administrative offices, as well as the classrooms and meeting hall of the TSP.
The Synod did not see the need to buy new land, since the Potchefstroom City Council had already donated land opposite the old TSP site.
The sticking point remained the Synod’s demands for either a long, flat building or a tall, narrow one, neither of which seemed practical.
The Curatorium of the GKSA agreed with the new congregation’s council that it could build a church alongside the TSP buildings as long as the GKSA Synod meetings could be held therein.
On the south side, the library and archives were to be housed in a section numbering three 8-ft-high (2.5-m-high) stories, including a top floor for the GKSA Archive with ample expansion room.
The building evokes the Reformation Wall in Geneva and takes on the aspect of a fortress symbolizing the simplicity and power of Calvinism.
In addition to the aforementioned uses, the GKSA also planned to use the buildings for Synod meetings and parts of the TSP as halls for committee meetings underneath the Synod’s aegis.
Once fencing was factored in, the 1952 Synod estimated a cost of £30,000 to the denomination to be paid over 20 years.
Bolton’s accepted bid for the church building was seen as beyond the congregation’s means, so several cuts were made to bring the cost to £23,521, including £5,500 for the parsonage and £3,000 for the organ.
Roode commissioned the specifications for import and construction by South African Organ Builders, and stipulated that conservatory students could practice and give recitals there.
John Charles Thomas (born 22 September 1932) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley, Chesterfield and Mansfield Town.
Taekwondo competitions at the 2019 Parapan American Games in Lima were held for the first time from August 30 to 31 at the Callao Regional Sports Village.
It will do this by quality, expert teaching, providing a range of teaching and non-teaching professionals who have a comprehensive skill set and flexible teaching to enable the student to successfully move on to the next learning stage and personal independence.
Kora Pakhi is an Indian Bengali television soap opera that premiered on 13 January 2020, and airs on Bengali General Entertainment Channel Star Jalsha, and is also available on the digital platform Hotstar.
The show is produced by Magic Moments Motion Pictures of Saibal Banerjee and Leena Gangopadhyay, and stars Parno Mittra and Rishi Kaushik.
Abandoned at birth, Amon has been raised as a tribal village girl and aspires to create an identity of her own as a journalist in one of Kolkata's leading newspapers.
A chance encounter with the city-bred and jovial Ankur will change Amon's fate forever as love blossoms between the two while Amon's quest to find her roots and become independent continues.
In October 2019, Arash Miresmaeili (President of the Iranian Judo Federation) was selected Behzad Vahdani as the coach of the national adolescents Judo team.
Behzad Vahdani, is an athlete from the village of Kalab, a Bojnord suburb of Khorasan province, Iran, is the last child of a large family.
From the age of 12, he started Judo and Kurash and from the age of 18 he entered the professional sport.
He was a member of the national Judo team at the beginning and practicing Kurash at the same time, but later he decided to pursue his professional career in Kurash.
He won the gold medal at the minus 60 kg weight class as a member of the Iranian national team of Kurash in the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in Turkmenistan.
In October 2019, he was appointed as coach of the national adolescents Judo team by Arash Miresmaeili (President of the Iranian Judo Federation).
Behzad Vahdani withdrew from competing with his Israeli opponent in the World Cup and Grand Slam matches on 2012 and 2016.
Flora Curzon, Lady Howe (born Florence Hamilton Davis) (January 27, 1870 – April 15, 1925) was an American heiress and singer who twice married into the British aristocracy.
Flora, as she was known, was the daughter of Bellevue, Ohio born Florence (née Chapman) Davis and John Hagy Davis, a Wall Street banker with John H. Davis & Co., located at 10 Wall Street.
On October 16, 1893, Flora was married to Lord Terence John Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood at the English Church of the Holy Trinity in the Avenue de l'Alma in Paris.
He was the second son of Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava and Hariot Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava.
His father was Governor General of Canada of in the 1870s and Viceroy and Governor-General of India in the 1880s and his mother was known for leading an initiative to improve medical care for women in British India.
They spent their honeymoon at Walmer Castle, which is one of Lord Dufferin's residences by virtue of his position as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
During the Devonshire House Ball of 1897, then Lady Terence Blackwood, attended as Flora, Goddess of Flowers and was photographed by Walker & Boutall.
Upon the death of Terence's older brother Archibald, Earl of Ava at the Siege of Ladysmith in the Second Boer War in 1900, he became the heir and assumed the courtesy title Earl of Ava himself before succeeding his father in 1902.
Lord Dufferin died from pneumonia on 7 February 1918 and was buried at the Dufferin ancestral seat of Clandeboye, County Down.
Lord Howe was a son of Richard Curzon-Howe, 3rd Earl Howe and the former Isabella Maria Katherine Anson (a daughter of Major-General The Hon.
His first wife was Lady Georgiana Spencer-Churchill, the fifth daughter of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough, and wife Lady Frances Vane.
From his first marriage, he had one son, Francis, who became the 5th Earl Howe upon Lord Howe's death in 1929.
1926), appointed Temporary Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II in 1967, and who married Thomas Fairfax, 13th Lord Fairfax of Cameron and had issue including Nicholas Fairfax, 14th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.
Line 9 of Suzhou Rail Transit (), also known as the East-West Express Line () is a planned east-west rapid transit line in Suzhou.
Due to the lack of capacity on Line 1, Line 9 is to make up for rapid transit linking Suzhou New District, Gusu District, and Suzhou Industrial Park to Kunshan and Taicang.
Of these, 80.8% spoke Ukrainian, 13.2% Yiddish, 3.7% Russian, 1.7% Polish, 0.2% Bashkir, 0.1% Moldavian or Romanian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
Francis R. Nicosia (born October 29, 1944 in Philadelphia) works as a historian at the University of Vermont with a focus on modern history and Holocaust research.
He then studied history at Pennsylvania State University and Georgetown University and did his PhD in 1978 at McGill University in German History and Middle East History.
From 1979 to 2008 he was a professor of history at Saint Michael's College, Vermont, and has been a professor of Holocaust studies at the University of Vermont since then.
Nicosia had a research stay in 1992 as a Fulbright scholarship holder at the Technical University of Berlin and in 2006 at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
In addition to his monographs, he is co-editor of various works and also contributes to encyclopedia of the Middle East and the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, published by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Reviving (and extending) his 1980 thesis, he argues that the strategic interests and ideological outlooks of the two sides differed significantly.
Dedicated to Saint Joseph, it is one of the two major Catholic churches in the city together with the Heikese kerk.
The first part of the Heuvelse kerk was built in the period 1871–73, while the second phase took place between 1887 and 1889 and included the current front facade with its two towers.
The only major adjustment to the original building, designed by Hendrik van Tulder, was an extension of both transepts in the 1950s.
Three portals in the front facade contain entrances, the central one being decorated with a relief showing the flight into Egypt.
The interior is covered by a four-part rib vault and includes two organs and a winged altarpiece by Hendrik van der Geld, created between 1878 and 1881.
In December of that same year, the parish exchanged lands surrounding the Heikese kerk for the barracks and its garden with the municipal government after the municipal council and the provincial-executive had approved the deal.
In order for the new church to be accessible from the Heuvel, two houses along that square were purchased for fl.
The barracks itself was left standing to be used as a clergy house, while the church itself would be erected entirely within the barracks' gardens.
Construction of the church was divided into two phases, because the parish did not have enough money to build it at once.
The first phase started in 1871 and included about half of the church as it stands today, encompassing the choir, the transepts, and two bays of the nave, at a cost of fl.
The Heuvelse kerk was inaugurated by Van der Lee on October 15, 1873, and the first public service was held on the first day of the next month.
Van der Lee was supposed to become the parish priest of St. Jozef, but instead ended up in that same position at the parish 't Heike because of another priest's death.
In the years after the completion of the first part of the Heuvelse kerk, statues, ornaments, and the winged altarpiece were added to the interior.
The second construction phase, that included the front facade with the two towers, and restoration of the existing part began in November 1887.
The Heuvelse kerk was finished in 1889 and consecrated on July 1 by Bishop Adrianus Godschalk of the Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch.
The church was decorated, and six temporary triumphal arches were erected spanning streets close to it, one of which was a scale model of the church.
Parish Priest Smits died in 1908 after having been in that position for 33 years, earning the position of Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau.
A carillon consisting of 35 bells, founded by the British Gillett & Johnston, was installed in the south tower in 1925.
It was first played on by Belgian carillon player Jef Denyn on the day of the Sacred Heart parade in June.
Initially, the carillon sounded every 15 minutes during the entire day, but starting in 1931 the carillon was turned off during night-time after complaints.
In January and February 1943, during the German occupation in World War II, the Germans removed the bronze bells of the carillon.
Although a few new bells were put into place in 1947 after a collection was taken, the carillon was never restored.
The Heuvelse kerk underwent a renovation in the years 1955–56 by the architectural firm of Jos Donders to extend the two transepts.
During September of the first year of construction, most of the old south transept collapsed creating a hole in the church and damaging the extension, that was still under construction.
During one of them, an iron fence was placed at the west end of the nave to make it possible to halt visitors.
The parish announced in 2019 that either the Heuvelse kerk or the Heikese kerk would close due to a drop in attendance and the financial burden of both churches.
The church is situated along Heuvelring in close proximity to the Heuvel, a square in the city center from which it derives its name.
The Heuvelse kerk is designed by Hendrik van Tulder, who designed numerous other buildings in Tilburg including the old town hall two decades earlier and also several churches.
The central portal is slightly larger and contains a relief depicting the flight into Egypt created by sculptor Piet van Tielraden in 1890.
A copper-gilded statue of Saint Joseph, to whom the church is dedicated, can be seen on the top of the gable.
The visible heart of the statue used to be made out of actual gold, but it was replaced by a replica of gilded copper in 1982 after an attempted theft.
The interior or the Heuvelse kerk is covered by a stone four-part rib vault except for the joint of the cross, where the rib vault has a starlike shape.
The bays of the nave from the first construction phase (1871–73) have, in contrast to the newer part, a painted leaf pattern along the sides of the rib vault.
The plastered side walls of the nave feature frescos of the Stations of the Cross, painted by the Belgian painter Georges de Geetere in 1909–10.
They used to be shallow, but were extended by parts with a lower ceiling in the Early Christian style between 1955 and 1956.
This chapel is opened 24/7 since 1991 and is supposed to be always occupied by worshippers, making it one of a few places in the Netherlands where this tradition is continued.
The left wing contains images of each of the five Joyful Mysteries of the Rosary, while the middle part depicts the five Sorrowful Mysteries with the relief of the crucifixion of Jesus being larger than the other four.
The central part is topped by tracery with statues of the Mother of God, Jesus, two angels, Anthony the Great, and Denis.
The predella is located below the main part and has reliefs of the Last Supper, the Passover meal, the sacrifice by Melchizedek, and a meal with twelve people, all concerning the eucharistic celebration.
Below that, the base depicts the binding of Isaac, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and the rain of manna.
It was made by organ builder F. C. Smits II and has a neo-Gothic casing, that is shaped as to avoid blocking a rose window behind it.
Before the current main organ was installed, the Heuvelse kerk used to have another organ with mechanical traction constructed by Wander Beekes in 1828.
After the second construction phase of the Heuvelse kerk was completed, the organ was moved to a different location within the church.
MDMB-4en-PINACA (also known as 5-CL-ADB-A) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that presumably acts as a potent agonist of the CB receptor, and has been sold online as a designer drug.
There is a plain projecting string course between the ground and first floor, while the first floor has a ‘dashed’ plain projecting cornice.
St Paul's Tower was included in the Antiquities Protection List of 1932 and was scheduled by the authorities as a Grade 1 national monument as per Government Notice number 1082/09.
The current chapel was built in 1740 by Elisabetta Muscat Cassia Dorell, and rebuilt in 1831 by her daughter Marchioness Angelica Moscati Cassia Dorell.
He started lecturing at his Alma mater in 1994, rose through the ranks and became the Head of Department of Soil Science of the school between May 2012 - Dec 2013.
Ogunwole taught in the department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma between Dec 2013 - Mar 2016, and served as Director of the University Advancement and Linkages.
He is a Professor of Soil Physics, Department of Soil Science & Land Resource Management, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, until his appointment as a Vice-Chancellor of Bowen University.
In 2004, Joshua Ogunwole received research merit award for sustainable agriculture, from the Schweisfurth foundation and support Africa international of Germany.
He was a Fulbright Scholar, visiting TWAS Associate, Fellow of Alexander von Humboldt, and since 2011, he has been a regular Associate at the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics.
Ogunwole was admitted to the College of Research Associates of the United Nations University – Institute for Natural Resources for Africa in 2015.
Guests appearing on the LP include Gin Gin, Mistah F.A.B., PeeWee, Pimp C, Shorty B, Yung Holliday and comedian Mike Epps.
It is also the last one to feature their second bassist Kei, who died due to an acute heart failure at his home on midnight of 12 January.
On outset of the American Revolutionary War, he started a military career with enthusiasm with his neighbor Anthony Wayne in 1775.
After his mothers death, he was raised by his father Bernardhus Van Leer a notable person, known for traveling on horseback until the age of 102 and being one of the first medical doctors in New York.
In 1770 Captain Samuel married his Childhood sweetheart Hannah Wayne, sister to Anthony Wayne and granddaughter of Captain Anthony Wayne, an officer for Prince William of Orange in the Battle of the Boyne.
Captain Samuel van Leer's family and history is also part of historical tour for the Van Leer Cabin and his family's home Van Leer Pleasant Hill Plantation.
Later in his military career, he was selected to lead the Light Horse Company, a small elite group with great horsemanship.
After his retirement from the military, Captain Samuel went on to grow his Iron business in Reading Furnace and lived in the historical Warwick Furnace Farms mansion with his wife Hannah.
Blake's daughter Maryly Van Leer Peck was inducted in the Florida Women's Hall of Fame and received an award from Daughters of the American Revolution.
Ben Jacob, a German man who converted to Judaism and moved to Amsterdam, is best known for his engravings for the so-called Amsterdam Haggadah (1695), a haggadah whose popularity lasted until the 18th century, judging by the number of times the book was reprinted.
He was generally held to be the printer of the first map of the Holy Land in Hebrew, in 1695, though it appears there is an older map, printed by Abraham Goos and designed by Jacob ben Abraham Zaddiq.
The film presents the biblical stories of Adam and Eve, David and Bathsheba, and Samson and Delilah in the form of pornographic vignettes, and stars Bo White, Caprice Couselle, Georgina Spelvin, Nicholas Flammel, Brahm van Zetten, and Gloria Grant.
Writer-director Wakefield Poole avidly studied the Bible as a child, and wanted to tell three stories from the Old Testament from a female perspective, as he felt that biblical narratives often cast women in a negative light.
Poole initially wanted to cast Charles Ludlam and Lola Pashalinski respectively as David and Bathsheba, but after encountering creative differences with Ludlam, Poole instead cast Georgina Spelvin as Bathsheba and his neighbor John Horn as David.
Candy Darling wanted the role of Mary in the film, but Poole cast Bonnie Mathais, a soloist with the American Ballet Theatre, as Mary instead.
Scenes which take place in the Garden of Eden were shot on the island of Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands.
The David and Bathsheba segment was filmed in a large garage on Mulberry Street in Little Italy, Manhattan, and the final scenes featuring Mary were shot in Yuma, Arizona.
Press screenings were held, and the film was exhibited at the Lincoln Art Theatre in 35 mm, blown up from its original 16 mm format.
Heinz Rauch (23 November 1914 - 19 December 1962) was a German activist and politician (KPD, SED) who fought against the fascists in the Spanish Civil War.
In February 1957 he took over as head of the East German statistical service, retaining the post till his death in an air crash not quite six years later.
1933 was also the year in which the Hitler government took power and lost little time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship: one effect of that was that at around the same time that Rauch joined the party, his membership of it became illegal.
His stay in Norway was cut short, however, following intervention by the Communist Party of Norway which at this point was desperately keen to avoid becoming involved in any confrontation with the German occupation forces.
On 5 July 1941, accompanied by Franz Stephany, he was sent back to Norway in order to make contact with the (by this time illegal) Central Committee of the Communist Party in Oslo.
Back in Berlin Heinz Rauch's continuing political involvement during his Swedish exile had not gone unnoticed, and on 2 March 1942 he was of his German citizenship.
Although Rauch managed to remain below the radar during most of his time in Sweden, there is little doubt that he remained politically active till the war ended.
Heinz Rauch returned to the region administered as the Soviet occupation zone in Germany via Danzig with other activist comrades who had spent the war in Sweden, including Georg Henke, , Wolfgang Steinitz and Paul Verner.
The stated purpose of the party merger, which in the event took effect only in Germany's Soviet occupation zone, was to avoid a return to power of a nationalist-populist government (as had happened in 1933), facilitated by divisions on the political left.
Heinz Rauch was one of hundreds of thousands of Communist Party members in the Soviet zone who lost no time in signing their Communist Party membership over to the new party.
A further practical indication that Rauch had found favour with the military authorities and party establishment came in 1947/48, during which time he served as head of the Soviet News and Information Service for East Saxony.
It was also during 1948 that his wife and the couple's (at this stage two) children relocated from Sweden to join him, reuniting the young family in the Soviet occupation zone.
It was during this period, in October 1949, that the Soviet occupation zone was formally relaunched as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
Clearly marked out for further party-political advancement, between September 1956 and September 1957 Rauch was in Moscow, attending the of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee.
On 19 December 1962 Rauch and his wife Märta, along with two of their sons, were passengers on second leg of the LOT flight from Brussels to Warsaw, which had touched down in Berlin for a mid-way stop.
On the final approach to Warsaw the Vickers Viscount 804 crashed slightly more than a kilometer short of the runway and burst into flames.
Nikolić finished elementary school in Senta, and continued his education in Pančevo, Maribor, Munich and later went on to Vienna and enrolled at the Polytechnic but did not finish his studies.
He spent nine years working on several projects in the Kingdom of Serbia, for which he was awarded Order of the Cross of Takovo by king Milan I of Serbia.
At the behest of his godfather or cousin Patriarch Georgije Branković, he designed and built numerous buildings in Sremski Karlovci and other parts of Vojvodina, including the Patriarchate Court.
The 2019–20 Texas State Bobcats men's basketball team represent Texas State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bobcats, led by 7th-year head coach Danny Kaspar, play their home games at Strahan Arena in San Marcos, Texas as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
The Bobcats finished the 2018–19 season 24–10, 12–6 in Sun Belt play to finish in a three-way tie for 2nd place.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Around the site of Wetton Mill is a group of listed buildings, including a bridge, and to the northeast of these are two relatively isolated listed buildings, a house and a farmhouse.
Keone‘ae station (also known as UH-West Oahu station) is an under construction Honolulu Rail Transit station in Kapolei, Hawaii, serving the University of Hawaiʻi–West Oʻahu.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
It is in active development while being available on platforms such as Microsoft Windows, Mac, Linux, Xbox One and PlayStation 4.
This is a list of notable fixed-wing military air combat victories since the end of the Vietnam War grouped by the year that the victory occurred.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
In late-January, a month before the election, the two publicly released polls that included Joyce showed him polling at roughly 1%.
However, by mid-February, Joyce's campaign had conducted a poll which showed him garnering 10% of the vote, and a poll conducted by Change Research within a week of the election showed him polling at 8%.
Joyce established the Tom Walsh Memorial Scholarship, named in honor of the deceased former Chicago police officer and former Chief of Courts for Cook County.
In 1887 the Old Southern Railroad built a track and most of the population and businesses moved to Maben, Mississippi, abandoning Double Springs.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
Of these, 81.6% spoke Ukrainian, 11.5% Yiddish, 2.9% Moldovan or Romanian, 2.2% Russian, 1.5% Polish and 0.2% German as their native language.
A Democrat, Cavanaugh has represented the 16th district in the New Hampshire Senate since a 2017 special election to succeed deceased fellow Democrat Scott McGilvray.
The original idea was to also organise a women's ice hockey tournament, but the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf cancelled the event due to the low number of countries registered on it.
Hālaulani station (also known as Leeward Community College station) is an under construction Honolulu Rail Transit station in Pearl City, Hawaii, serving Leeward Community College.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
The variable dwarf kingfisher was therefore split and 12 of the subspecies, including the Bougainville dwarf kingfisher, were promoted to species status by some taxonomic authorities.
He served as Permanent Representative of Albania to the United Nations between 1996 and 2005, and ambassador to the United States from 2005 to 2006.
Of these, 84.6% spoke Ukrainian, 11.4% Yiddish, 2.3% Russian, 1.2% Polish, 0.4% German and 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian as their native language.
The 2018 Scottish Labour Party deputy leadership election was an internal party election to choose a new deputy leader of the Labour Party in the Scottish Parliament.
It was triggered by the resignation on 16 December 2017 of Alex Rowley, who had been suspended from the post on 15 November 2017 following allegations that he had sent abusive text messages to a former partner.
The only candidate nominated was Lesley Laird, who had been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath since general election in June 2017.
Anjorin described in an interview with the The Punch that at a tender age she had began hawking edibles alongside her mother in the streets of Nigeria in order to earn a living.
Anjorin described in an interview that although she had passion for acting before officially debuting into the Nigerian Yoruba movie industry the main drive which propelled her into the Nigerian Yoruba movie industry was the fear of poverty.
The misunderstanding between Anjorin & Toyin Abraham required the intervention of accomplished actors and the Yoruba movie industry veterans such as Antar Laniyan, and Iya Rainbow to mediate in their dispute.
This list of human rights awards is an index to articles about notable awards given for the promotion of human rights.
These are moral principles or social norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
The list is organized by region and country of the main sponsoring organizations, but many of the awards are open to people or organizations from other countries and regions.
On June 27, 2019, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the appointment of Regional Senior Justice Morawetz as Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, effective July 1, 2019, replacing the Honourable Heather J. Smith.
After studying at Yale, where Chauncey Brewster Tinker directed his thesis, Sale went on to join the faculty at Cornell in 1936.
Waiawa station (also known as Pearl Highlands station) is an under construction Honolulu Rail Transit station in Pearl City, Hawaii, serving Pearl Highlands Center.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
Thermobalancing therapy is a treatment method that treats chronic medical conditions with temperature control locally over time has been invented by Dr. Simon Allen.
It works by continuously improving blood circulation locally in the affected organs: heart, kidneys, prostate and others; or areas: joints, low back, upper spine and head, over a prolonged period of time.
In 2011, the discussion about this treatment was filmed on 21st Century Health TV in Miami, which was featured in 2012 in various US television programs.
Dosso v. Federation of Pakistan was the first constitutional case after the promulgation of Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 and an important case in Pakistan's political history.
Dosso was the tribal person from district Loralai in Baluchistan then under Provincially Administered Tribal Areas who committed a murder and got arrested by tribal authorities and handed over to Loya jirga which convicted him under Frontier Crimes Regulation.
Relatives of Dosso challenged the decision in Lahore High Court the then West Pakistan High Court which ruled in favour of Dosso.
Federal Government went on to the Supreme Court of Pakistan which reversed the High Court's decision by referring to the Hans Kelsen theory of Legal positivism famously the Doctrine of necessity.
Dosso a resident of tribal district Loralai committed a murder and got arrested by the Levis Forces which handed him over to the tribal authorities where he was trialed by Loya Jirga.
He was charged for murder under the section 11 of the FCR 1901 and was convicted for it by Loya Jirga.
The High Court declared that FCR is against the constitution and Dosso is entitled to equality before law under article 5 & 7 of the constitution.
The Supreme Court decided the case in the favour of the Federal Government on the basis of Hans Kelsen theory of Legal positivism.
Relatives of Dosso filed a petition against his conviction by Loya Jirga in West Pakistan High Court(Lahore High Court) that he is the citizen of Pakistan and being a citizen of Pakistan he must be tried according to the Pakstani laws, not the FCR.
Articles 5 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1956 states that all citizens are equal before law and under article 7 enjoy equal protection of the constitution.
The Constitution of Pakistan ensures the equality and protection of citizens and declared the proceedings of Loya Jirga as null and void.
The effect of Lahore High Court's decision was that after declaring FCR against the constitution and proceedings of Loya Jirga as null and void, the cases which were decided since the promulgation of new constitution of 1956 were in question.
It was said that if conviction of Loya Jirga in Dosso case is declared null and void then what about the previous convictions of Loya Jirga after promulgation of Constitution in 1956.
Federal Government of Pakistan appealed against the decision of Lahore High Court in the Supreme Court of Pakistan and Supreme Court set the hearing date for the case on 13 October 1958.
President Iskander Mirza imposed first martial law of the country and made Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator(CMLA).
After three days of martial law, an order named Laws (Continuance in Force) Order 1958 was issued by CMLA Ayub Khan.
Martial law impacted the case significantly and raised some technical points that if Supreme Court maintains the decision of Lahore High Court, it meant that constitution was still in force because the Lahore High Court decided the case under article 5 and 7 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1956.
Also if the constitution was still in force then what will be the status of martial law regulations and Laws (Continuance in Force) Order 1958 as it also challenged the martial law administration.
The judgment legitimized the martial law of 1958 as a bloodless coup and a kind of peaceful revolution which was not resisted or opposed by the public implied that public is satisfied with this change or revolution, so therefore this martial law is legit.
According to the Supreme Court, Laws (Continuance in Force) Order 1958 is the new legal order instead of Constitution of Pakistan 1956 which got abrogated and the validity of a law is determined by this new legal order.
Furthermore it was held that the constitution is abrogated, therefore FCR 1901 is in force according to the Laws (Continuance in Force) Order 1958 which validated the decision of Loya jirga.
The recognition of martial law and with the reborn of Kelsen’s outdated theory which afterwards was applied in many other cases in Pakistan as well as in the outer world.
Supreme Court's judgement in Dosso case greatly impacted the politics in Pakistan and opened the doors for the future martial laws in the country.
Legitimization of martial law given power to CMLA Ayub Khan who used it to rule the country for next 10-11 years.
Democratic process in the country was crippled which had recently been on the road after the promulgation of 1 constitution in 1956 and made the country to run on the track of dictatorship.
The decision also deprived country of its first constitution just after two years of its promulgation after the struggle of 9 long years.
Abrogation of the 1956 Constitution also disturbed the ties between East and West Pakistan which were recently settled by establishing parity between both wings and incorporating both Urdu and Bengali as national language.
The decision of the Supreme Court re-validated the British implied legacy of Frontier Crimes Regulation, which was known as the Black Law continued to be enforced in the tribal region till 2018.
The decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan was a serious blow to the independence of judiciary and judiciary was bound to render its service under new legal order.
The judiciary once again bowed down in front of executive in this case and concept of separation of powers further diminished.
Kalauao station (also known as Pearlridge station) is an under construction Honolulu Rail Transit station in Aiea, Hawaii, serving Pearlridge Center.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
On November 16, 2004, President George W. Bush nominated her to be an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President George W. Bush renominated her on February 14, 2005, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Steffen W. Graae.
Hālawa station (also known as Aloha Stadium station) is an under construction Honolulu Rail Transit station in Aiea, Hawaii, serving Aloha Stadium.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the Ewa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.
In his senior year, Burris set a school record of 58 points in one game (Washington vs.Paxton), earning All-State First Team accolades.
He made an immediate impact as a freshman at Indiana State, appearing in all 15 games (9 starts) and averaging 5.3 points a contest.
He was the only freshman in the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference to complete the 1921-22 season with at least 40 two-pointers made (41) and 30 free throws (32).
The 2016 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2016 season.
It was played at Children's Mercy Park in Kansas City, Kansas, on December 17, 2016, with kickoff at 4:00 p.m. EST (3:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPN2.
The participants of the 2016 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2016 Division II Playoffs, which began with four 7-team brackets to determine super region champions, who then qualified for the national semifinals.
This was the Bearcats' tenth championship game appearance, having won 5, while the Lions were making their fifth appearance, having won 3.
Additionally, the Bearcats entered the game as the defending national champions and were seeking to extend their streak to having won 3 of the last 4 national titles.
Akhethetep was an ancient Egyptian official of the Old Kingdom, perhaps dating to the end of the Fifth or the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty.
He was an important figure in Cumberland gentry society, and was related by marriage to the sheriff, Thomas de la More, a servant of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury.
A wordlist was collected in the year 2000, which shows 74% similarity with the Nagpuriya dialect of Garhwali (spoken in Rudraprayag district) and around 60% similarity with the neighbouring dialects of the Jaunsari language.
National Life Group is a group of financial service companies that offers life insurance and annuity products for individuals, families, and businesses.
The Group’s customer base was 843,000 in 2016, and in 2017 the face value of its life insurance policies was just over $100 billion.
She represented Poland at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and she won the bronze medal in the women's long jump T38 event.
In 2017 at the World Para Athletics Grand Prix in Tunis, Tunisia she won the gold medal in the women's women’s long jump T12/20/37/38 event and in the women's 100 metres T36/37/38 event.
This list of humanitarian and service awards is an index to articles on notable awards given for humanitarianism and service in the sense of community service, public service or selfless service.
The first projects of bus corridors to Guarulhos were made in the 1980s by EMTU, with the objective of connecting Line 1 - Blue with Guarulhos.
In the beginning of the 2000s, the project TEU (Urban Express Transport) was launched, which predicted the connection of Tucuruvi, Vila Galvão, Vila Endres, Taboão and International Airport.
Ralph Ramsey (died 1419), of Great Yarmouth and West Somerton, Norfolk and Kenton, Suffolk, was an English Member of Parliament for Great Yarmouth 1385, 1386, February 1388, September 1388, January 1390, 1391, 1395 and September 1397 and for Suffolk in 1402.
The 2020 Southland Conference Women's Basketball Tournament, a part of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season, will take place March 12–15, 2020 at the Merrell Center in Katy, Texas.
This chart shows all the teams records and standings and explains why teams advanced to the conference tourney or finished in certain tiebreaking positions.
Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party (Armenian: Հայաստանի Քրիստոնեա Դեմոկրատական Շարժում) is a Christian democratic political party in Armenia, founded on September 15, 2018.
The party did participate in the 2018 Armenian parliamentary election, however the party received just 0.51% percent of the popular vote and failed to gain any political representation in the National Assembly.
Following the election results, the party pledged to support the elected government of Nikol Pashinyan but that it would also act as an extra-parliamentary force to ensure that democratic principals are upheld in the country.
The party supported the developments of the 2018 Armenian revolution and aimed to strengthen the results of the revolution by establishing a new political party, based on Christian morals and democratic values.
The parties chairman also stated that the principal ideology will be a combination of both socialism and conservatism, while strongly opposing liberalism.
The 2020 Estonian Football Winter Tournament or the 2020 EJL Jalgpallihalli Turniir is the fifth edition of the annual tournament in Estonia.
It is a species of still or slow flowing waters, especially lakes, ditches and swamps in both fresh and brackish waters.
The females lays eggs which drop to the substrate and are picked up by both fishes in the pair and placed in the bubble nest.
Lauter already worked during high school at Johann-Sebastian-Bach Gymnasium (1963-1970) as Assistant Curator and from 1972–1984 during his studies as Curator of Exhibitions in the Galerie Margarete Lauter in Mannheim.
From 1972 he studied art history, classical archeology, Christian archeology, Romance languages and literature and philosophy at the Heidelberg University and University of Göttingen.
Peter Iden Founding Director of the MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst Frankfurt (1978-1988) and Hilmar Hoffmann (Councillor and Head of the Department of Culture Frankfurt 1970-1990) appointed Lauter in 1984 as the first Curator of the Museum für Moderne Kunst in Frankfurt.
1984-1991 Lauter was coordinator for architecture of the new building in cooperation with the Museum Architect Hans Hollein and Roland Burgard Head of the Frankfurt Building Department.
With the Directorate of Jean-Christophe Ammann at the MMK (1989-2001) Lauter was appointed Chief Curator and Deputy Director responsible for the central organisation and special exhibitions.
Since 1987 appointed Curator of MMK exhibitions at Galerie Jahrhunderthalle Hoechst in Frankfurt (1987-2002) in collaboration with Michael Hocks, Director and authorised representative for the Concert and Congress Center Jahrhunderthalle.
Dieter Hasselbach, Chairman of the Friends of the Kunsthalle Mannheim (2002-2016) and Peter Kurz, Head of the Department of Culture and Mayor of Mannheim (2007-present) appointed Lauter in 2002 as Director of the Kunsthalle Mannheim (2002-2007).
From 2003, Lauter canceled the chronological presentation of the collection and expanded with new media and permanent private loans to individually unique cross-over constellations.
In the fall of 2007, Lauter was released from the municipal council by the management of the Kunsthalle due to budget overdrafts.
From his father, Harro Lauter, who was a representative in the management of the Mannheim Building Department since the 1950s, Lauter learned the theory and practice of architecture.
It opened on 29 November 2019, connecting the city of Wuhan with the major automotive manufacturing centre of Shiyan in the northwest of the province.
The line runs northwest from Wuhan via Xiaogan to Xiangyang (where it intersects another new high-speed line running from Zhenzhou southwest to Wanzhou) to Shiyan.
The line from Hankou to Xiaogan incorporates an existing inter-city railway, the Wuhan–Xiaogan intercity railway, which continues to provide intercity services using mainly C-class trains.
The railway is part of the Wuhan to Xi’an railway, the connecting 300 km PDL from Shiyan to Xi’an is expected to be completed in 2023.
In December 2019 there were 11 trains per day in each direction along the line, the fastest time between the terminals is now 1 hour 57 minutes (for example trains G6817 and G6818) the slowest direct train on the line takes 2 hour and 57 minutes and stops at most stations (train G6816).
The 2020 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic Coast Conference and will be held at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina from March 10–14, 2020.
Flynn Clarke (born 19 December 2002) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League One club Peterborough United.
The midfielder featured for a Posh XI in a pre-season friendly against Deeping Rangers in July 2019, before making the bench in EFL Cup ties against both Northampton Town and Arsenal U21s.
10¢ a Dance is the debut studio album by the Flirts, a New York-based female vocal trio formed by record producer and songwriter Bobby Orlando.
It will recognize the biggest achievements in television, radio, music, sports, and comedy, voted by viewers living in South Africa, for the year 2019.
The family lived in Czernowitz in Bukovina, which until the end of World War I belonged to the Austrian monarchy as its own crown land, then fell to the Kingdom of Romania and is currently partly in Ukraine (including Chernivtsi).
In the summer of 1940, when Nargang was eleven years old, the Soviet Union entered into northern Bukovina as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and agreed with the German Reich to resettle the population of German origin.
As a contemporary historian, Nargang researched the history of the Bukovina Germans and the situation of the refugees in Upper Austria after the Second World War.
The 1956 competition introduced a scoring system in which each the results of each event was converted to a score, with a par value of 1,000 in each event, and higher scores were desirable.
In a 6-3 ruling, the Court held that the 3-year statute of limitations for a fabrication of evidence civil lawsuit under section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act begins to run when the criminal case ends in the plaintiff's favor.
This case was notable as a victory for criminal defendants; the precedent it set would make it easier to sue prosecutors and police for fabricating evidence against defendants.
The Court's ruling also resolves a circuit split between United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and other federal appeals courts.
In September 2009, its Rensselaer County affiliate held a party primary to select its nominees for the upcoming Troy city council elections.
During the primary, at least 50 absentee ballots were fraudulently obtained and cast by local political operatives attempting to gain control of the WFP's ballot line for the New York State Democratic Party.
These ballots were submitted to Ed McDonough, who - as a commissioner of the Rensselaer County Board of Elections - was responsible for processing the applications.
The scandal was exposed after a local Republican Party official, Robert Mirch, funded an initial investigation into reports that some absentee ballots that were cast in the WFP primary were fraudulent.
Several residents swore affidavits claiming to have never filled out an absentee ballot application or to have never received or cast votes that were recorded in their name.
The resulting investigation led to eight indictments; of these, four individuals (two Democratic Party operatives, a city clerk, and a city councilman) pled guilty; the charges against two other former city councilmen were dropped).
The two remaining defendants, former councilman Michael LoPorto and former Board of Elections Commissioner Ed McDonough, were tried twice; in their first trial, they were tried together and the jury deadlocked, necessitating a mistrial.
In his lawsuit, which was first filed in 2015 (just under 3 years since he was acquitted), McDonough claimed that Smith had intentionally framed him, fabricating evidence to link him to the ballot fraud case.
According to McDonough, Smith falsified affidavits, coached witnesses to lie, and orchestrated a faulty DNA analysis to connect McDonough to the fraudulent ballot envelopes.
For example, McDonough points to one witness who did not implicate McDonough before the grand jury but changed his testimony after allegedly receiving a phone call from Smith directing him to do so.
McDonough's case was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York under 42 USC 1983.
He asserted two separate constitutional violations: denial of due process because of fabrication of evidence and malicious prosecution, which are violations of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution..
McDonough appealed his case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which heard the case in late 2017.
The Second Circuit found that the statute of limitations on a fabricated-evidence claim runs when the plaintiff becomes aware of the fabricated evidence and has been deprived of liberty in some way.
Under this framework, the statute of limitations began to run during McDonough's first trial, which took place more than three years before he filed his lawsuit.
This approach created a circuit split since it contradicted the approaches taken by the Third, Ninth, and Tenth Circuits, each of which had held that the statute of limitations begins when the criminal proceedings ended.
In oral arguments before the Court, which took place in April 2019, McDonough was represented by Neal Katyal, former acting United States Solicitor General under President Barack Obama.
In a 6-3 opinion written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Supreme Court held that the three-year statute of limitations for fabricated-evidence claims under section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act did not begin until the case had been favorably adjudicated in favor of the plaintiff.
Under common law, a statute of limitations usually begins to run once the plaintiff has a complete and present cause of action (e.g.
However, under certain circumstances, a claim can't be realistically filed while the violation is ongoing; under those circumstances, the statute of limitations may be delayed until a later time.
In determining what common law principles to apply, the Supreme Court drew an analogy between McDonough's Constitutional fabricated-evidence claim and the common law tort known as malicious prosecution, which the Court found to be the tort most similar to McDonough's allegation.
For malicious prosecution cases, the statute of limitations does not begin to run until the case is resolved in favor of the plaintiff.
The Supreme Court opinion noted that the common law rule for malicious prosecution had a pragmatic purpose as well, to ensure that criminal and civil cases over the same subject matter would not overlap or result in conflicting determinations.
The dissent, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas and joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Neil Gorsuch, argued that the Supreme Court should not have granted McDonough's petition for a writ of certiorari.
the specific Constitutional rights he claims were violated) were not clearly defined, making it difficult to determine which common law principles should be applied.
Following the ruling, the Second Circuit issued an order returning the case to the Northern District in New York for further litigation.
Mīr Lutfullāh Khān Bahādur Shirāzī (, ), was a Mughal official who held a number of positions during his life such as the Faujdar of Shujabad Sarkar from 1656 to 1658 and the faujdar of Sylhet Sarkar up until 1663.
It contained the shrine of Ghiyath ad-Din Awliya, an Iraqi prince and preacher commonly credited for introducing Islam to the region.
Shirazi was a disciple of Shah Syed Niamatullah of Karnal and he was visited by the Shah in this mosque according to inscriptions.
As Mir Jumla's invasion of Assam commenced, Shirazi fled from Guwahati to Dhaka in 1658 after the Ahoms and the Koch Biharis rebelled, being led by their rulers Supangmung and Pran Narayan respectively.
In 1660, he established a strong enclosure in Shah Jalal's dargah in Sylhet town and also built a small mosque next to it.
In 1888, seven Canadian missionaries from the Presbyterian Church of Canada (later merged to form the United Church of Canada) established the North China Mission in the Province of Honan, located in current day Henan, China.
Extensive stays in missionary hospitals, gave medical missionaries plenty of time to preach to and teach patients about the word of God.
In 1888, Hudson Taylor, the founder of the China Inland Mission, warned Jonathan Goforth of the anti-foreigner sentiments prevalent in the North Honan region.
He said: Brother, if you would enter that Province [Honan], you must go forward on your knees.Taylor's warning proved to be true.
The anti-foreign sentiments held by the people in the province of Honan China proved to be an obstacle to missionary work.
In the north Honan province of China during the late 1800s and into the 20th century, due to cultural reasons, male medical missionaries were not allowed to treat female patients.
As a result, female medical missionaries became essential to the North China Mission as they were the only ones able to spread religion to female patients and residents of the region.
From 1888 to around 1950, the Woman's Missionary Society sent twenty-one unmarried nurses to the work in the North China Mission.
The original intent of the project is focused on providing firewall and networking services to a network, but the appliance can be customized in almost limitless ways to build bootable ISOs that can do many different things.
When burned to a CD-ROM, it will allow a perhaps otherwise unused, old computer to boot it and act as a network security device.
The virtual appliance can be updated just like a normal Gentoo system, allowing new Live CD images to be generated with the latest security fixes, bug corrections, additional features, and updated configurations.
The Live CD should be re-generated as often as important changes are released by the authors of the various software packages it contains.
Funtoo Linux( ) is a Linux distribution based on Gentoo Linux, created by Daniel Robbins (the founder and former project leader of Gentoo Linux) in 2008.
It's developed by a core team of developers, and built around a basic vision of improving the core technologies previously used by Gentoo Linux.
Funtoo has its own core networking solution to allow users to simplify the creation of complex network interfaces based on pre-created profiles.
Since May 2015 Funtoo offers a pre-build generic kernel with stage3 Although Funtoo is a source-based distribution, it should be possible to use a prebuilt Linux kernel.
Funtoo no longer encourages the use of the Sabayon kernel; however, with many improvements to Funtoo's design and init process, one should be able to load a binary kernel plus initrd from a preferred distribution hosting a precompiled/preconfigured kernel.
The most marked difference between the two would be no systemd support in Funtoo, but still delivering for example a working Gnome desktop without the systemd need.
Gentoox Loader has advanced features such as the ability to flash the Xbox's BIOS via HTTP POST and even the ability to boot a Linux kernel via HTTP POST or GET.
While this may increase the performance of the compilation output, it means that installing new software can take large amounts of time (e.g.
The installation can be done two ways: via an installation disc or over ftp, provided that the user can get an FTP daemon running on their Xbox.
The first involves creating a loopback installation on the E:\ partition on the Xbox's hard drive, the second is similar to the first except it utilizes the F:\ partition.
Gentoox can then either be run from a Dashboard, such as XBMC, or boot off a modified version of the legal Cromwell BIOS known as Gentoox Loader.
Knopperdisk is a fairly minimal, text system that can be used as a rescue disk, although the USB pen drive version has a few more software packages installed which are used for different purposes.
Tin Hat boots from CD, or optionally from USB flash drive, but it does not mount any file system directly from the boot device.
The central design consideration in Tin Hat is to construct an operating system that can hide data from an attacker even if he has physical access to the computer.
Physical access to a computer with unencrypted filesystems does not secure the data and an attacker could easily retrieve the data.
Encrypting the filesystem provides protection from such an attack, but many implementations of encryption do not hide the fact that data is encrypted on the filesystem.
This information does not help the attacker decrypt the filesystem, but it does reveal that it contains encrypted data and not random data.
If the user stores any data via a more permanent means than RAM, the encrypted data is indiscernible from random data.
Beyond these considerations, Tin Hat has to also protect against more common exploits based on networking or security holes in software.
While the downloaded version technically has all the same software packages as the purchased version, the difference is that the purchased version (which can be bought for 25 USD) contains many binaries of often used programs, while the downloaded version forces the user to download ebuilds of these packages and build the binaries themselves, which requires more time.
The cartoon depicts a cow standing upright in front of a trestle table, on which are placed four oddly-shaped objects, one resembling a crude hand saw.
Reflecting on the cartoon's reception, Larson suggested he had erred in making one of the tools resemble a saw, which misled many readers into believing that to understand the cartoon's message, they needed to decipher the identities of the other three tools.
While I have never met a cow who could make tools, I felt sure that if I did, they (the tools) would lack something in sophistication and resemble the sorry specimens shown in this cartoon.
Larson further explained that he was inspired by the idea that tool use was the characteristic that separated mankind from the rest of the animal kingdom.
The 2019 NRJ Music Award was the 18th edition of the NRJ Music Awards, which took place on November 9, 2019, at the Palais des Festivals, in Cannes, France.
In the early hours of 15 April 2005, a fire broke out at the Paris-Opera - a six-storey, one-star, budget hotel in the 9th arrondissement.
On 26 August 2005, 17 West African immigrants were killed in a fire at a block of flats in the 13th arrondissement.
The 2019 Big West Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big West Conference held on November 7 and 10, 2019.
This was the eighth Big West tournament title for the Cal State Fullerton program and the sixth for head coach Demian Brown.
The historiographic term also describes a frontier, often controversial territory in medieval Balkan in the territory of Asia Minor, and later at the dawn of the Ottoman Empire - on the Balkan Peninsula.
The Ottoman military leader distributes landed property (or fief) located on the border of the established state to his followers and wars, in return for their obligation to protect the border from external enemies, as a rule, believers (but not mandatory).
Udch or Uch was led by ouj Uch bey (Udch bey) and could be seen as a strategic corridor for the offensive used by the Seljuks in Asia Minor and later by the Ottomans in the Balkans in the second half of the 14th century.
Gilberto Barragán Balderas (born 19 May 1970) is a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Barragán Balderas was the regional boss of Miguel Alemán and helped coordinate international drug trafficking shipments from South and Central America to Mexico and the U.S. His role in the cartel also included providing them with information on the movement and location of Mexican security forces to ensure safe passage of their cocaine and marijuana shipments.
In 2008, an indictment issued by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia detailing his criminal activities was unsealed in court.
In 2009, the U.S. Department of State and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) issued a US$5 million bounty for information leading to his arrest and/or conviction.
In 2010, the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctioned Barragán Balderas under the Kingpin Act and froze all of his U.S-based assets.
Barragán Balderas was arrested by the Mexican Federal Police at a ranch in Reynosa in 2011 while he celebrated his birthday.
According to information from the Secretariat of Public Security (SSP), Barragán Balderas joined the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico, in the late 1990s when former kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén became its leader.
In the cartel he was the regional boss of Miguel Alemán, which is across the U.S.-Mexico border from Roma, Texas, located in an area known as La Frontera Chica.
In conjunction with the DOS, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) listed him among the top ten most-wanted Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas members in 2009.
on 15 November 2007, on or around June 2006, Barragán Balderas and other members of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas conspired with intent to distribute at least of cocaine and of marijuana from Mexico, Colombia and elsewhere into the U.S.
For these two counts, Barragán Balderas was ordered to forfeit all money and properties derived from the sale of these drugs, as well as any properties used to facilitate his operations.
If such properties could not be located, were sold or transferred to a third-party, and/or largely diminished in value, Barragán Balderas was ordered to forfeit other assets to make up for the total amount of said property.
Concerning the cocaine trafficking charges against him in the previous indictment, the prosecution specified that the cocaine shipments came from Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Mexico and elsewhere before they reached the U.S.
They also stated that he was responsible for coordinating cash smuggling activities from the U.S. to Mexico, and referred to his criminal organization as La Compañía (English: The Company), a name that collectively referred to the co-organization of the Gulf Cartel and its former paramilitary group, Los Zetas.
The information included the movement and checkpoints erected by the Mexican Armed Forces, the Federal Police (PF) and the Tamaulipas State Police to prevent disruption of their marijuana and cocaine shipments.
The indictment also detailed that on or around 30 November 2007 in Colón, Panama, Barragán Balderas along with Costilla Sánchez, Mario Ramírez Treviño, Samuel Flores Borrego and other members of La Compañía shipped approximately of cocaine with the intent of distributing it in the U.S.
In a phone conversation on or around 8 December 2007, Barragán Balderas and Flores Borrego discussed the seizure of the shipment in Panama.
About a month later, on 4 March 2008, Barragán Balderas and Flores Borrego discussed a marijuana handover of intended for four suspects.
The U.S. government again ordered Barragán Balderas to forfeit his earnings from these drug transactions or forfeit other assets to make up the total value.
superseding indictment sworn in by a grand jury in 7 May 2012 and unsealed in court on 9 May 2013, U.S. authorities detailed more information on his drug trafficking activities.
They stated that in or around 2000 and up to February 2010, Barragán Balderas and other of his colleagues manufactured and intended to distribute or more of cocaine from Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Mexico and elsewhere into the U.S.
The U.S. government again ordered Barragán Balderas to forfeit his drug proceeds or other assets equivalent to the total value he made from these drug deals.
According to the former PF chief Ramón Eduardo Pequeño García, Barragán Balderas was responsible for commanding Gulf Cartel cells in Tamaulipas to fight off rival cells from Los Zetas (though previously together, both groups broke ties in 2010).
On 6 February 2011, Barragán Balderas's henchmen reportedly mutilated five alleged Zetas' members bodies and dumped them beside a highway in Los Ramones.
On 24 March 2010, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), a branch of the United States Department of the Treasury, sanctioned 54 high-ranking members of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, including Barragán Balderas, under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (Kingpin Act).
This sanction was made after U.S. and Mexican officials met in Mexico City the day before as part of the Mérida Initiative.
It also included the support of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and their special operations team, which assisted the OFAC in identifying the designated suspects.
Several of them controlled drug trafficking operations in Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, and other parts of Mexico, and had previous drug charges in the U.S.
As part of the sanction, the U.S. government prohibited U.S. citizens from engaging in business activities with Barragán Balderas and froze all of his U.S.-based assets; this was done to reduce his financial support to the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas and prevent him from having access to the international financial sector.
Corporate officers could face up to US$5 million in fines and up to 30 years in prison for violations of these provisions.
On 20 May 2011, the PF arrested Barragán Balderas while he celebrated his birthday at a ranch on the outskirts of Reynosa, alongside a highway that led to Miguel Alemán.
At the scene, security forces seized a Chevrolet vehicle with U.S. license plates, an AR-15 rifle with two embedded chargers, and a .357 Glock pistol and two .9 mm handguns with embedded chargers.
The PF presented Barragán Balderas to the media at their offices in Mexico City, and explained the charges and investigations he faced to national press.
The PF confirmed that the detainees were handed over to the Subprocuraduría de Investigación Especializada en Delincuencia Organizada (SIEDO), Mexico's organized crime investigation agency.
Authorities confirmed that the SIEDO had 48 hours to determine his legal status, though they could request more time to gather more evidence against him.
This was granted after the SIEDO presented evidence to the judge that Barragán Balderas was wanted for his suspected participation in drug trafficking (including drug possession), organized crime involvement and illegal possession of military-exclusive firearms.
He was kept at the Federal Investigation Center (CIF) of the Attorney General's Office (PGR) in Colonia Doctores during this 40-day period.
On 13 January 2020, Barragán Balderas was extradited from Mexico to the U.S. along with seven other suspected drug traffickers from the Gulf Cartel, Los Zetas and the Juárez Cartel to face his outstanding drug trafficking charges.
At the time of his extradition, per Article 12 of the National Code of Criminal Procedures (CNPP), he was considered innocent until proven guilty through due process.
The season begins on 15 January 2020 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and will finish on 15 March 2020 with the Continental Championships.
Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events.
The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.
In 2013 Queen Elizabeth II endowed a number of Regius Professors at 12 universities across the United Kingdom, expanding the title from what had originally been only at ancient universities.
It was the third Regius Professor of Engineering to be established, after the Regius professorship at Edinburgh in 1868 and the professorship at Cambridge in 2011, although there has also been a Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics at Glasgow since 1840.
He set state records for field goals in a season (22) and total field goals (51) and consecutive extra points made (104).
Duncan was named Iowa's kicker going into his freshman year, making nine field goals on 11 attempts and converting 38 of 39 extra point attempts.
Duncan lost the starting kicker job going into the next season to Miguel Recinos and redshirted his sophomore season and also did not see any action the following year.
Duncan was named first team All-Big Ten Conference and the Conference Kicker of the Year after making a Big Ten record 29 of 34 field goal attempts.
Czech Republic competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics held between 12 and 21 December 2019 in Province of Sondrio in Northern Italy.
Most medals were won in alpine skiing and the country finished in 4th place with a total of two gold medals, four silver medals and one bronze medal.
Tereza Kmochová won the gold medal in the women's giant slalom event and the silver medals in the four other women's alpine skiing events: the women's downhill event, the women's slalom event, the women's alpine combined event and the women's Super-G event.
She sat in the Italian Senate in the Legislature XVII of Italy after she was elected in the 2013 Italian general election.
Casullo served as the head of the Department of Educational Psychology in the Career of Educational Sciences at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Buenos Aires.
She was a founding member of the Argentine Society of Psychoanalysis where she held various positions, including Secretary of the Training Institute, Seminar Teacher, and Coordinator of the Publications and Library Area, as well as the director and editor of the society's magazine.
She also served as president of International Psychoanalytical Studies Organization (IPSO), from 1991 to 1993, having been elected during the 11th IPSO Congress held at Psychoanalytic Association of Buenos Aires (APdeBA).
Alvin Duane Schneider (born February 3, 1943) is an American magician, author, physicist and mathematician known for his contributions to magic.
In 1969, Schneider left his job as a mathematician for Uniroyal and accepted a position as a systems analyst for Univac, specializing in computers.
Ethernet VPN (EVPN) is a technology for carrying layer 2 Ethernet traffic as a virtual private network using wide area network protocols.
The paper was first published in 1928 as the Gladewater Daily Journal and then became the Gladewater Daily Mirror in the 1930s.
Publication and ownership of the paper included both Harry Kates starting in 1954 and then later his son Jerry Kates through 1989, when the paper was sold to the Westward newspaper chain.
The team event used scores from the individual event except that fencing scores were recomputed to account for only team event competitors.
The 1956 competition introduced a scoring system in which each the results of each event was converted to a score, with a par value of 1,000 in each event, and higher scores were desirable.
Robert Anthony Woodard II (born September 22, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Mississippi State Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Woodard grew up playing basketball and baseball but narrowed his focus to basketball by the time he started high school, in part due to his exceptional height.
As a sophomore, Woodard led Columbus to its first Mississippi Class 6A state title after averaging 20.2 points, 7.1 rebounds and four assists per game.
In his junior season, he averaged 25.2 points, 13.1 rebounds, 3.2 assists and three blocks per game and was named Mississippi Gatorade Player of the Year.
A four-star recruit and the highest-rated prospect in his state, he committed to play college basketball for Mississippi State over offers from Alabama, Memphis and Ole Miss, among others.
On November 17, 2019, Woodard set career highs with 21 points and 16 rebounds in a 82-59 win over New Orleans.
Woodard's father, also named Robert Woodard, left high school as the Mississippi all-time leading scorer in boys basketball, with 4,274 points, before playing for Mississippi State at the collegiate level.
Precipitation runoff on the west side of the mountain drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Fish Creek, whereas the north side of the mountain drains into Oval Creek, and the east side drains into Buttermilk Creek, both of which are tributaries of the Twisp River.
The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1985 to remember James (Ray) Courtney (1920-1982), a commercial packer and lifelong resident of Stehekin.
Ray Courtney died in an accident while leading such a pack trip with 29 hikers when the horse he was riding lost its footing and fell down a gully.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
With its impressive height, Courtney Peak can have snow on it in late-spring and early-fall, and can be very cold in the winter.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The 2020 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship will be held from February 27 to March 1, 2020 at the Bemidji Curling Club in Bemidji, Minnesota.
The winning team will represent the United States at the 2020 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Kelowna, Canada from April 18 to 25, 2020.
Sixteen teams played at the 2020 United States Mixed Doubles Challenge Round, held in Portage, Wisconsin from December 19 to 22, 2019.
Monica Walker and Alex Leichter were the first to clinch a championship berth when they defeated Katherine Gourianova and Eli Clawson in the 'A' bracket final.
Gourianova and Clawson then dropped down to the 'B' bracket final where they had another opportunity to earn one of the final two berths, which they did when they defeated Becca Wood and Sean Franey.
Wood and Franey then faced Kim Rhyme and Jason Smith in the 'C' bracket final for the third and final championship berth, which Rhyme and Smith secured with a 9-4 win.
This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by Welsh constituencies for the Fifty-Eighth Parliament of the United Kingdom (2019–present).
It includes both MPs elected at the 2019 general election, held on 12 December 2019, and those subsequently elected in by-elections.
As early as 1933, Alksandr Moskalyev was designing a rocket-powered, tailless aircraft with an ogival or gothic delta wing, wingtip fins and rudders, which would be able to fly faster than sound.
Because no sufficiently powerful engines were available at the time, the Moskalyev SAM-4 Sigma never left the drawing board but it did lead to two interim types, the SAM-7 Sigma and SAM-9 Strela.
The all-metal Sigma was intended to investigate the manoeuvreabilty and field of fire of a two seat, tailless, wingtip finned fighter aircraft, using a less radical low aspect ratio, trapezoidal plan wing.
The Sigma was powered by a V-12 Mikulin AM-34 engine mounted ahead of the wing leading edge and driving a four blade, wooden propeller.
It was judged dangerous to fly as it was hard to keep straight during take-offs and had a high landing speed of .
Potentilla argentea, known as hoary cinquefoil, silver cinquefoil, silvery cinquefoil, or silver-leaf cinquefoil, is a perennial herb (or forb) in the family Rosaceae.
Flowers are about 1 to 1.5 cm wide, and are five-petaled, with the petals rounded, wedge-shaped, and separated, sulpher-yellow coloured, in leafy cymes.
Elizabeth's mother Anna Park first met Burns when she was only 21 and following an adulterous affair with the poet whilst Jean was away visiting relatives at Mauchline, gave birth to Elizabeth on 31 March 1791 just a few days before his wife Jean Armour gave birth to his legitimate son, William Nicol Burns.
Anna Park is said to have given up Elizabeth to Robert Burns in 1793 when was seeking a position as a domestic servant.
The birth is said to have taken place in Leith where she was sent so that the birth would not lead to Burns being the subject of scandal.
She received, at the age of 21, the sum of £200 from the fund raised by her father's admirers as organised by Sir James Shaw.
They married on 2 June 1808 in Dumfries at Robert Burns's house and the very next day he was ordered with his regiment to Berwick-on-Tweed where he was based for a year and his son William was born there.
John was moved again and sent Betty and William to stay with his parents in Pollokshaws, Glasgow, until he left the militia in 1814, taking up the trade of handloom weaving, and remaining in Pollockshaws until their deaths.
The £200 she received from the fund set up by Sir James Shaw enabled her to rent and furnish their first house and she worked at needle-flowering for a local warehouses.
16 December 1817, d. 14 April 1887; Agnes Thomson b. c 1821, d. 6 May 1865; Sarah Burns Thomson b. c 1825, d. 15 December 1885; James Glencairn Thomson b.
He married Elizabeth McNaught, had nine children and worked as a handloom and power-loom weaving becoming a manager at Scott's textile factory and later setting up his own brush manufacturing business in Stockwell Street.
Janet Elsie-May Coom, the great, great, great granddaughter of Robert Burns, through Anna Park, was made an honorary member of the Irvine Burns Club in January 2009.
They are both buried in the Thomson family lair at the Old Burgher churchyard at the Vennel, known today as the Kirk Lane Burial Ground in Pollokshaws and Robert Burns Thomson, their second son, composed stanzas that are carved on their gravestone.
James Glencairn Thomson died aged eighty-four in 1911, the last survivor of the family, and the two brothers lie beside their parents.
Betty kept in contact with the family and in November 1819 Isobel Begg, Burns' youngest sister, relates in a letter that Betty's husband had been out of work for some time and was now working as a labourer earning nine shillings a week except for when the weather was bad.
In 1843 she wrote to Isobel Begg nee Burns recalling that she had named her children James and Sarah at the behest of Jean Armour and that in 1833 Jean had sent her £2 to purchase a frock for her youngest child.
The letter to Isobel dated from after Jean's death and in it she was highly complimentary about Jean, the lady who had raised her.
She felt that the Burns family did not accept her, most notably through her exclusion from the Burns Festival in Ayr of 1844.
Brown records that two of Anna's grandsons were however feted at the 1859 Glasgow Anniversary Celebrations held at the King's Arms Hall in the Trongate, being the sons therefore of her daughter Betty and John Thomson.
MerchantBridge & Co. Ltd. was a London-based boutique private equity firm that specialized in investments in the Middle East and especially Iraq, where it was one of the largest such firms.
The firm was founded by Basil Al Rahim – who came from a wealthy Iraqi family and was a former executive for The Carlyle Group – in 2001, with a number of wealthy figures from Arab and Gulf countries as partners.
A number of prominent Britons became advisors to MerchantBridge, including Norman Lamont, Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo, Elizabeth Symons, Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean, and Andrew Buxton.
If the economic experiment goes right, we will see gross domestic product in Iraq grow 15-fold in the next seven or eight years.
According to the organization Corporate Watch, MerchantBridge ranked 44th out of 66 UK companies in terms of making money in post-invasion Iraq.
MerchantBridge engaged in a number of investments elsewhere in the Middle East, such as a 2008 one with UBS that enabled the Swiss bank to set up operations in Saudi Arabia.
Given the difficulties of the Iraqi post-war insurgency and sectarian violence in that country, the business environment was a challenge, but by 2009 about a third of MerchantBridge's revenues came from investments in Iraq.
The firm did sometimes branch into other areas, such as the 2011 creation of the company UnXis, in partnership with Stephen Norris Capital Partners, to purchase the assets of troubled US software company The SCO Group.
On 4 February 2011, founder and CEO Basil Al Rahim was one of seven people who died in a plane crash aboard a company private jet flying from Sulaimaniyah International Airport in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which crashed shortly after takeoff following an engine fire.
Another MerchantBridge founding partner, Abdullah Lahoud, as well as two bankers from JP Morgan and three aircraft personnel, also died in the crash.
There was a legal dispute between Al Rahim's estate and shareholders of the firm regarding an investment the firm had made in Iraqi telecommunications company Asiacell.
By 2014, Al Rahim's estate, and some of the companies that MerchantBridge had invested in, were caught up before the High Court of Justice in London in another legal dispute, involving claims by a founding partner of the firm that Al Rahim had short-changed him regarding the investment in Asiacell.
The men's artistic team all-around competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics was held at the West Melbourne Stadium from 3 to 7 December.
Exercise scores ranged from 0 to 10, apparatus scores from 0 to 20, individual totals from 0 to 120, and team scores from 0 to 600.
Elliot Sidney Schewel (June 20, 1924 – December 15, 2019) was an American businessman and politician who served for two decades as a member of the Virginia Senate, representing his native Lynchburg.
The mission of the organization is to preserve Jewish identity and traditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as promoting peace, cultural and economic cooperation among all citizens of the country.
The Community receives funding from membership fees, the Jewish Social Fund, grants from the government ministries of Republika Srpska, the city of Doboj and from donations.
The current synagogue was consecrated in 2003, with the community using a reconstructed family home from 1922 that originally belonged to Alexander Vrhovsky and Otto Kalamar.
Synagogues exist in Sarajevo, Doboj and Banja Luka, while the construction of a synagogue in Mostar has been suspended due to legal battles over land ownership.
The species was first described in 2002, and the name refers to the herbal tea from which it was first isolated.
McGrath has been making music since her early teens, citing Kim Deal and Prince as inspirations, and was in the band Wounded Healer.
She was a general trader and in her early years traded with India, sailing under a license from the British East India Company (EIC).
She suffered a maritime mishap in 1833, but then traded for another 20+ years; she was last listed in 1857 with stale data.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his thirteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the 69th Regiment Armory in Manhattan.
It was their first year hosting games at the 69th Regiment Armory, previously the Terriers played at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.
The tournament took place at the Saint Peter's College gymnasium and the Jersey City Armory both located in Jersey City, NJ.
Roy Morris Blake, Jr. (born February 5, 1956) was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for district 9 during the Seventy-ninth Texas Legislature.
He is the son of Roy Blake, Sr., who was a Democratic member of the Texas Senate and Texas House of Representatives.
He graduated from Nacogdoches High School and attended Stephen F. Austin State University where he received a bachelors in public administration.
The LG Cup Four Nations is an exhibition association football tournament that took place in National Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria in April 2004.
The building was in disrepair, and so studies were commissioned to determine how much it would cost to restore the building.
A parody of conventional dating sims, the primary objective of the player is to develop a romantic relationship with a fictionalized version of KFC's founder Colonel Sanders, portrayed as an attractive classmate at a cooking school.
The game takes place over a three-day semester at the fictional University of Cooking School: Academy for Learning, where the player character is studying to become a chef.
The player is presented with dialog choices that present opportunities to win Sanders' favor, as well as interact with the other characters in the story, including the player's best friend Miriam, rivals Aeshleigh and Van Van the Man Man, Sprinkles/Professor Dog, and other students Bob, Clank the robot, and the nameless Student.
Some of the few negative user reviews complained that the game prevented the player from fully consummating the relationship with Colonel Sanders.
Deer day is an unofficial holiday held on the first day of the hunting season in many rural areas of the United States in which school districts are often closed.
From 1963 to 2018, the first day of the deer hunting season with firearms in Pennsylvania has been the Monday after Thanksgiving, which has developed into a tradition.
In April 2019, the Pennsylvania Board of Game Commissioners moved the opening day of firearms deer season to the Saturday after Thanksgiving, upsetting many hunters.
The Rural Pie Scheme was organised by the Ministry of Food to provide pies for labourers in the countryside who did not have access to a works canteen or British Restaurant.
The water park currently holds the record for the largest wave pool in the UK, at a capacity of 20 million litres.
The water park at The Wave opened on 21 October 2019, while the gym and the spa opened in July 2019.
de Paula is also the nephew of the evangelical singer Ozéias de Paula who was part of the gospel duo Otoniel & Ozie, composed of him and Feliciano Amaral.
Although both evangelical politicians with socially conservative views, de Paula claimed that Crivella was privilaging the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God and trying to convert Rio de Janeiro to that denomination.
In the 2018 election de Paula was in the top ten most voted candidate in the state of Rio de Janeiro, being elected to the federal chamber of deputies.
In July 2019 de Paula announced that he was running as a candidate for the PSC in the 2020 Rio de Janeiro mayoral election.
The work of the Ministry of Education and Science of Somaliland is governed by the Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, National Education Act, National Constitutional Laws, and Decrees by the President of the Republic of Somaliland.
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Somaliland worked in cooperation with other national executive bodies, executive bodies of the subjects of the Republic of Somaliland, local authorities, public associations and other institutions.
Pre-primary (early childhood) is now integrated into formal education and in private Quranic School systems, running for up to two to three years.
Primary schooling lasts for eight years and is divided into a four year-elementary or lower primary cycle and a four-year intermediate or upper primary cycle.
Vision 2030 inspires Somalilanders to focus on commonly owned goals concerning and shared values and principles around which they can rally to build a prosperous nation.
The mission of National Education of Somaliland is to provide a quality and relevant education that will prepare every student to be success in life with partnership of its parents and communities” (Somaliland National Policy of Education, 2015-2030).
The Georgia Gazette was a weekly alternative newspaper in Savannah, Georgia that took its name from Georgia's first newspaper, also founded in Savannah in 1763.
It was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1984, the first time in twenty years that such a prize had been bestowed on a weekly newspaper.
The camp was evacuated on 21 January 1945; five days later, German forces returned to kill some survivors who had been left behind.
Established on 1 April 1944 when an existing forced-labor camp for Jews, located near the town of , now Blachownia Śląska, which was part of Germany until 1945, was placed under the command of Monowitz concentration camp.
SS would periodically conduct selections of prisoners; those deemed incapable of work were deported to Auschwitz II-Birkenau, where many of them were killed.
Prisoners had to work on construction tasks, such as excavation, building structures, and pulling wagons in place of horses or tractors.
The camp was evacuated on the morning of 21 January 1945 due to the approach of the Red Army; prisoners from camps farther east, including Jaworzno and Gleiwitz, were marched through Blechhammer.
About 4,000 prisoners were given half a loaf of bread with a bit of margarine and honey and a half sausage, and no more food until they arrived at Gross-Rosen concentration camp on 2 February.
Around 100 sick prisoners were left behind in the infirmary, although some healthier prisoners, fearing another death march, managed to hide because the SS did not conduct a thorough search.
They ordered some of the healthier prisoners to dig a pit in order to bury the dead and shot some prisoners who had been scavenging for food from what the SS had left behind.
Witnesses disagree on whether they were Wehrmacht soldiers or SS; Daniel Blatman suggests that they may have been newly recruited camp guards still wearing their Wehrmacht uniforms.
The soldiers first vandalized the abandoned SS office at the camp; then they went inside and began to shoot incapacitated prisoners in the infirmary.
Those still able to walk were ordered to carry the corpses to the trenches dug the previous week, where they too were shot.
The massacre may have occurred because of an order given by Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser on 24 January not to leave a single live prisoner behind, but there is no proof that the murderers knew of the order.
It was not the only incident in which SS returned to an abandoned camp in order to kill the remaining prisoners; a similar massacre occurred at Tschechowitz-Vacuum, another subcamp of Auschwitz.
Juan Alberto Mosquera Álvarez (born 10 February 1996 in Turbo), known as Juan Mosquera, is a Colombian professional footballer who plays for Marítimo as a midfielder.
Portrait of Paolo Morigia is a 1592–1595 oil on canvas painting by Fede Galizia, painted for the church of San Gerolamo in Milan and donated in 1670 to the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana in the same city, where it still hangs.
Its subject is the historian and Jesuit Paolo Morigia, holding spectacles in her left hand and writing the lyrics of a madrigal with her right.
She attended Loreto College, Stephen's Green and then University College Dublin (UCD), one of a small amount of women permitted to attend at the time.
Along with her sister and brother, Wyse Power was a member of Conradh na Gaeilge, winning a prize for Irish at senior grade in 1905.
Following her graduation from UCD, she won a travelling scholarship, going first to the University of Marburg, Germany, and then to the University of Freiburg, studying under Rudolf Thurneysen.
Her 1912 work on a fifteenth-century treatise on astronomy in Irish, completed under the supervision of Osborn Bergin, was chosen to be published by the Irish Texts Society.
She lost this job in 1916, as she was accused of sympathies with those who took part in the 1916 Rising.
Wyse Power died on 19 July 1916 at the home of a family friend in Sandycove, Dublin after a short illness.
Elections to the Kingstown Urban District Council took place on Monday 16 January 1899 as part of that year's Irish local elections.
Por Los Chicos is registered in the United States as a 501(c)(3) organization, which allows it to receive tax-deductible donations (in the United States) and participate in donation matching programs.
The Tikka M55 (originally Tikka M76 and also Tikka LSA55) is a Finnish rifle designed by a Finnish firearms company Tikkakoski in 1967–1968.
Tikkakoski company, which had been under German ownership, was expropriated in 1944 and handed over to the Soviet Union in 1947 as ruled by the Moscow Armistice.
After a group of Finnish businessmen bought Tikkakoski company from the Soviet Union in 1957, the company started focusing again in firearms in 1963, and first prototypes of a repeating centerfire rifle were manufactured in 1967, and the final product, the production of which began in 1968, was named the M76.
The M76 was the first repeating centerfire rifle developed and produced completely by Tikkakoski, as the interwar military rifles were built on recycled foreign receivers.
The new rifle got its name from the year 1967 with its numbers in reverse as M76, but the name was changed to LSA55 after export to the United States began in 1969.
The rifle was based on a Tikkakoski prototype from 1981, though Tikkakoski and SAKO also developed a newer prototype called Tikka M555, but it was never put to production.
After a review ordered by SAKO from a Finnish gunsmith Jali Timari turned out to criticise the rifle in a rather negative tone, the project was shelved.
In 1987 the Tikkakoski factory was run down, all its machinery was destroyed, and production of Tikka rifles was transferred to SAKO factory at Riihimäki.
The repeating magazine fed rifle features a milled receiver made from special steel, to which a 90° rotating, two-lug cylindrical bolt locks.
The barrel is cut rifled with 6 grooves and depending on the model, either 520 mm (20.47 in), 580 mm (22.83 in) or 620 mm (24.41 in) long.
Some models feature iron sights attached to the barrel; rear sight is an open notch and front sight is a hooded post.
The magazine is either a 3, 5 or 10-round single stack single feed stamped steel magazine, and the magazine catch is located in front of the trigger, within the trigger guard.
The magazine has 73–74 mm maximum overall length for the cartridge, which allows for the use of long range loads in .308 Winchester.
The sporter variants feature heavy walnut stocks which are convex towards the cheek and concave on the away side, and have UIT rails on their underside and left side, for attaching different accessories, and some Sporter rifles have also an adjustable cheek rest and butt plate.
She is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society and serves as Deputy Dean of Engineering at the University of Delaware.
She was particularly interested in understanding the macroscopic properties of molecular structures because of the chemistry occurring at the molecular level.
She eventually studied chemistry at the University of Delaware, which she graduated Summa Cum Laude as a Eugene du Pont Memorial Distinguished Scholar.
She was a Master's student at the University of Georgia, where she was awarded an NSF Predoctoral Fellowship, and joined Kimberly-Clark as a research scientist in 1991.
She completed her doctoral research at the California Institute of Technology, where she a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellow.
These include the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in click chemistry to form hydrogels that degrade when certain pathogens bind to the extracellular matrix.
She created resilin-like polypeptides (RLP), elastomeric materials that can be cross-linked using small molecules, as well as hydrogels that contain nanoparticles to target passive tumours.
In 2011 Kiick was made Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Deputy Dean of the University of Delaware’s College of Engineering.
In 2019 she moved to the University of Nottingham, where was supported by a Leverhulme Trust and Fulbright Program fellowship to work on new protocols to template materials.
It was built in 1892 with a second-story iron front made by Mesker Brothers of St. Louis, Missouri, three sash windows, and Corinthian pilasters.
It was previously in the collection of cardinal Federico Borromeo, who recorded his acquisition of it in his writings and gave it to the new Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan in 1618, where it still hangs.
The work was seized in 1796 by occupying French troops and taken to Paris, where it hung in the Louvre until being returned to Milan in 1815.
Luini adds the figure of Saint Joseph on the right, replaces the background landscape with a rocky outcrop covered in vegetation, cuts the scene higher to modify the Madonna's leg and feet and moves the Christ Child to the centre of the composition.
They begin in the middle of the armscye and lead in an arc over the chest (or the shoulder blade) to the waist or hem of the garment.
The main difference from princess seams is that princess seams run down from the shoulder, whereas viennese seams run down from the armhole.
Viennese seams are distinct from darts in that they form a continuous line and are a full seam, but they fit around the bust like darts.
The 2020 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup will be the 9th edition of the Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup, the men's international under-21 field hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation.
The top six teams from the 2015 edition qualified directly and they were joined by the top four from the 2019 Junior AHF Cup.
Elections to the Pembroke Urban District Council took place on Monday 16 January 1899 as part of that year's Irish local elections.
The 2019–20 season is Irish provincial rugby union side Connacht Rugby's nineteenth season competing in the Pro14, and the team's twenty-fourth season as a professional side.
In the regular season, Connacht are in Conference B of the Pro14, after spending the previous two seasons in Conference A.
As well as playing in the Pro14, the team competed in the Champions Cup in Europe on the back of the previous season's league performance.
He was named first team All-State after recording 67 receptions for 1,223 yards and 13 touchdowns and initially committed to play college football at Georgia.
Following the end of the season Jefferson announced his intent to transfer from Ole Miss after the program was sanctioned by the NCAA, ultimately choosing to continue his collegiate career at Florida.
Jefferson was granted immediate eligibility to play for Florida after transferring after receiving waivers from the NCAA and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
In his first season with the Gators he led the team with 35 receptions, 503 receiving yards, and six touchdown receptions.
As he did on previous releases, Coe divides the record into two sections, Country Side and a City Side, although beyond this no apparent concept is evident.
The title track, which was written by John Prine and appeared on his 1971 debut, tells the story of an old elderly couple whose children have all moved away.
It was designed in the Italianate style, and built in 1884 by James Porter, a farmer, schoolteacher and real estate developer.
Marybai Huking (born 11 November 1996) is an American goalball player who won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
A shared-use or mixed-use path is separate from a roadway and supports multiple recreation and transportation opportunities, such as bicycling, walking, inline skating, roller skiing, and people in wheelchairs.
This list includes notable shared-use paths in the city limits of Minneapolis, either whole or in part, and excludes roadway-only bike lanes, hiking-only trails, and mountain bike paths.
Minneapolis is often considered one of the top walking and bicycling cities in the United States due to its vast trail network.
The city's Grand Rounds network accounts for the vast majority of the city's shared-use paths at approximately of dedicated biking and walking areas.
By 2008, other city, county, and park board areas accounted for approximately of additional trails, for a city-wide total of approximately of protected pathways.
The network continued to grow into the late 2010s with the additions of the Hiawatha LRT Trail gap remediation, Min Hi Line, and Samatar Crossing.
Christ Among the Doctors is a c.1515-1530 oil on panel painting of Christ with the doctors of the law by Bernardino Luini, now in the National Gallery, London.
Dürer's version of the subject led to the subject becoming popular around Venice and Isabella d'Este requested Leonardo da Vinci to produce a work on the subject.
He never completed it but his lost preparatory drawings for it may have inspired Luini and Cima da Conegliano's versions of the scene.
Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua (), known locally as Wuminghua (), is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng.
The other tone, (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level () tone in Pinghua.
The shopping complex was a popular destination for Long Island residents for many decades, however, it has since lost the vast majority of its stores, and subsequently it's consumers.
Thomas Arundell (died 1433) was an English politician who was MP for Cornwall in 1417, 1419, 1429, and 1435 and High Sheriff of Cornwall 1422–1423, 1426–1427, 1432–1433 and Devon 1437–1438.
Mount La Perouse is a 10,728-foot (3,270 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States.
The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, southeast of Mount Dagelet, south-southeast of Mount Crillon which is the nearest higher peak, and southeast of Mount Fairweather, which is the highest peak in the Fairweather Range.
The mountain was named in 1874 by William Healey Dall of the U.S. Geological Survey, for Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (1741-1788), a French navigator who explored this coastal area in 1786.
The first ascent of the peak was made in 1953 by USGS party consisting of James Seitz, Karl Stauffer, Rowland Tabor, Rolland Reid, and Paul Bowen.
This climate supports hanging glaciers on its slopes as well as the immense Brady Glacier to the east, Finger Glacier to the south, and La Perouse Glacier to the north and west.
It was designed in the Commercial and Romanesque Revival styles with pilasters and a corbeled cornice, and built in 1898 by Olaf F. Rudeen for Charles Rietmann, an immigrant from Switzerland.
It belonged to Pearl M. Field from 1937 to 1939, when it was purchased by J. J. Berg, who opened a liquor store on the first floor.
When their son Norman acquired it in 1958, he added a restaurant but closed it in 1973; Berg sold the building in 1991.
Francesco Canalini (born 23 March 1936) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
His early assignments in the diplomatic service included work at a meeting of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in 1974.
It was in the Imperial Gallery in Vienna until 1773, when it was swapped for another work and arrived in Florence, where it now hangs in the Uffizi Gallery.
Six autograph variants of the work are also now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, the Louvre, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Prado Museum and prince Borromeo's collection in Isolabella.
At the time of its arrival in Florence it was attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, but was reattributed to Luini by Gouthiez based on an 1890 inventory - Beltrami dated it to c.1527-1530, late in Luini's life.
Further antagonism was caused by Governor Owen Stuart Aspinall vetoing constitutional amendments that would grant the Legislature authority over job appointments and spending.
Party affiliation was unclear, with the Democratic Party estimated to have nine members, the Republicans five and the American Samoa Party two; the remaining four members were independents.
A masterpiece of the artist's youth, it is traditionally thought to have been commissioned by the Certosa di Pavia, though no documents survive to support or deny this.
The Christ Child points to a vase with his left hand, referring to his mother as the mystic vase, and with his right hand holds the stem of the aquilegia growing in it, its reddish colour referring to his own Passion.
The 2020 Birmingham Legion FC season is the club's second season of existence and their second in the USL Championship, the second tier of American soccer.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Birmingham's season.
The Hvar Observatory, part of the Geodetic school of the University of Zagreb, is an astronomical research observatory located above the city of Hvar (the observatory's dome is between 173 and 245 meters above sea level).
Opened in 1972, research at the observatory focuses on solar physics, the photometry of stars, especially variable class Be stars, and star clusters and galaxies.
A double telescope is used for solar observation; one telescope observes the photosphere (opening diameter 217 mm, focal length 2450 mm) and the other observes the chromosphere (opening diameter 130 mm, focal length 1950 mm) with a narrowband spectral filter.
Since 1997 a shared Austro-Croatian telescope is also used for stellar observation, which has a mirror diameter of 1 m and is also a Cassegrain reflector.
The observatory is located above the city of Hvar on the southwest portion of Hvar island, on a steep hill 240 meters above sea level in the historic Napoleonic fortifications built by the French army during the Napoleonic wars at the beginning of the 19th century.
The observatory was founded in 1972 through the collaborative efforts of the Council for Science of the Socialist Republic of Croatia and the Astronomical Institute of the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences in Ondřejov, as one of the institutes of the Geodetic school of the University of Zagreb.
She was a successful businesswoman and invested in a number of business: she owned shares of a warehouse, ships and a sugar plantation on Danish St. Croix.
Frederica Louise Ernst was rare as a female industrialist in Denmark, at the time, but she was particularly rare because she was unmarried: almost all businesswomen in Denmark of the time, especially within bigger business, were widows or married women who had their husband's permission to involve in business, while unmarried women were very rare.
He was the kicker whose missed field goal in the 2013 Iron Bowl was returned for a touchdown: a play that ended Alabama's chances for a National Championship.
It was designed in the Prairie School style by architect Hiram N. Black, and built in 1914 by A. W. Kingsbury.
During the battles between the Communist-led National Liberation Movement and the National Front, he joined the National Front units fighting in the mountains of Central Albania in late 1943.
Seeing the overwhelming advance of the Communist guerrilla brigades, along with other leaders of the National Front, Frashëri, Ali Këlcira and Hasan Dosti, they left for Shkodra on October 18, 1944, with a small fishing boat, and on October 23, they sailed south of Bris.
He emigrated to New York in 1949, along with Midhat Frashëri, and until his death was a leading figure in the Albanian expat Community in the United States.
Vasil Andoni along with Abaz Ermenji, Zef Pali and Halil Maçi was part of the agrarian socialist and progressive wing of the party, which gained the leadership of the party after the war.
The total number of African Americans in Wisconsin prior to 1900 was less than 1,000, and the growth of Wisconsin's African-American newspapers was commensurately delayed.
Johnson was a Mellon Visiting Scholar at The New York Botanical Garden’s Humanities Institute in 2016, where she conducted research on David Hosack.
Her book was subsequently nominated for the National Book Award for Nonfiction, Pulitzer Prize for History, and LA Times Book Prize.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
The wind farms generates 230 MW of electricity and is the second largest wind farm in Ontario by installed capacity after Henvey Inlet Wind Power Project.
The initial funding for development of the Parlia prototype came from a Paul Hamlyn Foundation Ideas and Pioneer Fund and a Google Digital News Innovation Fund grant (DNI).
Her brother, Mathias Augustin the Younger, left the family firm in 1771 to start his own company, having no further interest in his father's business, and Maria Augustin was fully trained by her father to succeed him as his heir.
Because a married woman was a minor under the guardianship of her husband, Maria Augustin chose to remain unmarried in order to be able to succeed her father as the head of the firm.
Business permits and guild memberships were normally only issued to men, or to widows who had inherited their businesses and guild memberships from their late husbands.
While unmarried women were often given dispensations from these regulations, these dispensations were normally only issued to unmarried women in desperate circumstances to manage a small business for their personal support, and this was in no way applicable to Maria Augustin, who managed the second largest shipping firm in the city.
She was one of the richests businesspeople in Finland, and was taxed the same way as a male member of the guild in her position would have been.
In 1791, Mathias Augustin the Elder died, and Maria Augustin again came in to conflict with the Turku city authorities who questioned her right to manage the business she inherited from her late father with on the grounds that business permits were normally only issued to women who inherited their business from their husbands, not from their fathers.
Later the year, she was finnally granted a guild membership from the Turku city guild, and was able to conduct her business without dispensation and on the same terms as a man, regardless of her unmarried status.
Nature's Own Source produces AquaSalina, a salt deicer made from produced water (or brine) at Duck Creek's vertical oil and gas wells.
While ODNR's tests indicated the results were 300 times higher than allowed in drinking water and above the levels allowed for the discharge of radioactive waste, it met their standards to be used as a deicer.
Several bills have been introduced in the Ohio legislatures from 2017 to 2019 to consider brine deicers a commodity, rather than toxic waste, to exempt them from ODNR testing.
Pecho Creek originally known as Arroyo Del Pecho or Cañada del Pecho is a stream in San Luis Obispo County, California.
Pecho in Spanish means breast, and refers to a rock off the coast to the west of the mouth of Pecho Creek that is breast shaped and is named Pecho Rock.
Pecho Creek has its source is in the Irish Hills , at , 1.2 miles, (1.9 km) east-southeast of Saddle Peak, at an elevation of 1360 feet / 449 meters.
Pecho Creek was part of the eastern boundary of the Rancho Pecho y Islay, and of subsequent Rancho Cañada de los Osos y Pecho y Islay when it was consolidated with the Rancho Cañada de los Osos in 1845.
The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Somaliland () () is a ministry of government of Somaliland that is responsible for health system, it's also responsible for proposing and executing government policy of health.
Somaliland has one of the worst maternal mortality ratios in the world, estimated to be between 1400 and 1000 per 100,000 live births.
She was the daughter of the printer Andreas Hartvig Godiche and the printer Anna Magdalena Godiche and married the printer and brwer Georg Christopher Berling in 1772.
In addition to the two printing firms, she also managed the brewery of her late husband, which was one of the biggest and most lucrative breweries in Copenhagen of its time.
Of the many female brewers in Copenhagen in her time, only Berling and Marie Martine Bonfils were counted among the truly rich.
He won a bronze medal in the men's heavyweight (87+ kg) event at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships held in Manchester, United Kingdom.
Christina Gustava Lovisa Rogberg (26 October 1832 in Stockholm - 22 December 1907 in Stockholm) was a Swedish author and courtier.
In 1869, she was promoted to the post of lectrice or reader to the queen, who made and published her own translations.
Yvick Letexier (born August 14, 1993), better known as Mister V, is a French YouTuber and Internet personality also known as a new french rapper.
It was designed in the Italianate style, and built in 1888 for John Wick and his wife, née Philipia Offenbaker, two immigrants from Germany.
The Wicks lived here with their three children, including Elizabeth, who married Arthur Seiler, also an immigrant from Germany, and later lived in the house with her family.
Born of a Shia Lebanese mother from the influential Zein family and an Egyptian father, he was naturalized Lebanese and join the Lebanese army in 1978.
He became close to the then head of the Lebanese army general Emile Lahoud (1989–1998) and Jamil Al Sayyed who at the time was second in command of the army's intelligence service.
He held various offices in the Lebanese army: head of the bomb squad removal unit, head commander of the Mount Lebanon military region, and the security department of the military intelligence services.
After graduating, he served as a law clerk for Jon O. Newman on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
President Bill Clinton nominated Campbell on September 2, 1997, to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by John H. Suda.
On September 11, 2012, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint him to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
This genus has thus far been recorded only from dry material at the type locality of Gruta Pitangueiras (21°06’37”S 56°34’52”W), Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
He studied art at State University College at Buffalo in New York, receiving a BFA in 1980; and subsequently received a MFA in art and film from University of California, Los Angeles in 1984 (working under Chris Burden, Charles Ray, and Shirley Clarke.
He has had solo exhibitions at Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna; the University of Houston; the Laguna Art Museum, Laguna Beach; and Exit Art, New York, among others.
Arnold is best known for performance art actions in which he seeks to become an object named in the title of each work.
His work resembles the work of fellow LA-based performance and multimedia artists including Paul McCarthy, Jeffrey Vallance, Mike Kelley, Eleanor Antin, Bruce Nauman, Bas Jan Ader, or Chris Burden, as well as by the often-humorous work of the Conceptual artist John Baldessari.
Ellery Queen and the Perfect Crime is a 1941 American mystery film directed by James P. Hogan and written by Eric Taylor.
Mazar Pass or Mazar Daban () is a long mountain pass with numerous hairpin turns along China National Highway 219 (G219), the highway connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.
In recent decades, it also serves as a truck stop for the G219 highway and stop for expeditions en route to K2.
French army map from early 1900s showed Chiragsaldi Pass (Tchirak-Soldi) and Sailyak Pass (Sarrakh) were different mountain passes, one going west and other going east from the same valley.
Hipperdinger, who reached a career high ranking of 177 in the world, made his only ATP Tour main draw appearance at the 1998 Torneo Godó.
While competing in the qualifying rounds at Viña del Mar in 2004, Hipperdinger tested positive for cocaine and received a two-year suspension from tennis.
He unsuccessfully appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) by claiming he had drunken coca tea and chewed coca leaves to help with altitude sickness, while unaware that cocaine was derived from the coca plant.
Outside Denmark, it is her most successful song and it was a huge hit in Spain, where it peaked at number 5.
This was the location of an Ohlone village and the Castro Indian Mound, one the largest shell mounds in the San Francisco Bay Area.
The first inhabits were the Ohlone Native Americans and the land from the current corner of Central Expressway and San Antonio Road was the Castro Indian Mound, also known as Indian Hill, Castro Shell Mound, and Secondino Robles.
The archeologists found a wide variety of items in the mound, including many oyster shells, fishing spears, pestles, jewelry, arrowheads, and among others.
In 1989, Stanford University surrendered the collected artifacts and remains from the Castro Shell Mound to their descendants, this includes the remains of 550 Ohlone Indian.
The homes were built during the post-World War II housing boom, mostly California-style mid-century modern homes by Joseph Eichler, John Calder Mackay, and Mardell Building Company.
From 1959 until 1967, a young Steve Jobs and his family lived on Diablo Avenue in Monta Loma and he attended the local elementary school.
The MLNA hosts several annual neighborhood events, and serves to encourage dialog between the Mountain View city government and the neighbors.
He defeated George Akume in the 2019 general elections for the Benue State Northwest Senatorial district by polling 157, 726 votes to the Akume's 115,422.
From May 2011 to May 2015, he served in the Ethics & Privileges, Drugs & Narcotics, Poverty Alleviation, Power, and Anti-corruption committees.
Emmanuel Yisa Orker-Jev hails from Benue State and attended NKST Primary School from 1970 to 1976 and proceeded to Bristow Secondary School to obtain his West African Senior Certificate (WASC).
He proceeded to the University of Jos 1985 to Study Law, he graduated in 1988 before he proceeded to the Nigerian Law School and was called to the Nigerian bar in 1989.
Ioannis Vroutsis (1 June 1963, Athens) is a Greek economist, lawyer and politician, serving as the New Democracy MP for Cyclades and serving as Minister of Labor and Social Affairs since 9 July 2019, having previously served as Minister of Labour, Social Security and Welfare between 21 June 2012 and 27 January 2015.
He studied economics at the School of Law, Economics and Political Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, where he was awarded a scholarship.
He has twice been a member of the Executive Committee as Secretary of the and as the Head of Basin organizations.
He served as New Democracy's Chief Policy Officer from 2009 to 2011, when he was appointed ND's Chief Financial Officer under Antonis Samaras.
On 21 June 2012 he took up the post of Minister of Labour, Social Security and Welfare in the coalition government of Antonis Samaras.
Following the 2015 national elections, on February 5, 2015, by decision of the party president, he is appointed along with Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Adonis Georgiadis as a party parliamentary spokesman.
On January 13, 2016, by the decision of the new party president Kyriakos Mitsotakis, a parliamentary spokesman for New Democracy is re-appointed along with Nikos Dendias and Niki Kerameus.
Following the 2019 election and the formation of a government Mitsotakis, Ioannis Vroutsis was appointed Minister of Labor and Social Affairs.
The 2017 College Hockey America Women's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 2 and March 4, 2017, at the Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York.
Robert Morris won their 2nd tournament and earned College Hockey America's automatic bid into the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Ice Hockey Tournament.
On the first day of the Tournament, the top two seeds get a bye, while the #3 seed plays the #6 seed, and the #4 seed plays the #5 seed in the Quarterfinal round.
On the second day, the Semifinal games feature the #1 seed against the lowest remaining seed, while the #2 seed plays the highest remaining seed.
The Robert Morris Colonials were the number 8 seed out of 8 in the tournament, and lost to #1 seed Wisconsin 7–0 on March 11, in Madison, Wisconsin.
The 2020 Charleston Battery season is the club's 28th year of existence, their 17th season in the second tier of the United States Soccer Pyramid.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Charleston's season.
The channel launched on May 13, 2019 on Roku, later launching on January 15, 2020 on Bell-owned television systems including Bell satellite, Bell Aliant, and Bell Fibe TV.
The channel's launch follows CMT's decision in 2017 to stop playing music videos, leaving no venue for country music videos to air on Canadian television.
In military, in 1959, Zimmerman served as an officer and a pilot in the United States Air Force and Air National Guard and Reserve, until 1989.
On June 14, 1985, as a flight engineer of TWA Flight 847, his airplane was hijacked by Lebanese Shiite Muslims on a flight from Athens, Greece to Rome, Italy.
On November 5, 1996, Zimmerman won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 8, seat A. Zimmerman defeated Gayle Wilde with 88.6% of the votes.
The Chamber of Manufacturers of WA, also founded in 1913, merged with the Federation in 1975 to create the Confederation of WA Industry.
The second-seeds Jean Borotra and Jacques Brugnon defeated the unseeded Gar Moon and Jim Willard 6–2, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.
The 1939 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1939 college football season.
In its third year under head coach George Sauer, the team compiled a 3–5 record, being outscored by their opponents 126–71.
In 2018 she also won one of the bronze medals in the women's +67 kg event at the 2018 Asian Games.
Prior to his appointment to the bench, he was a private legal practitioner and the managing partner of Pwamang and Associates.
Pwamang was nominated by the then president of Ghana John Mahama based on the recommendation of the Judicial Council of Ghana.
His appointment was delayed as the council of the Ghana Bar Association filed a suit to seek clarification on the appointments as other recommended judges were not appointed by the president.
The process was further protracted when a member of the General Legal Council lodged a complaint against him challenging his appointment.
Prior to his appointment to the superior court of judicature, he had been into private legal practice for about 26 years.
He chaired the board of the Centre for Public Interest Law (CEPIL), an organisation whose interests are in public interest legal issues and the litigation of these issues for communities and associations.
He founded his own law firm, Pwamang and Associates, where he served as a legal consultant for various corporations and organisations.
The commission held consultations through out the nation on the 1992 constitution and subsequently submitted a report which included recommendations for amendments to the constitution.
He contested the Navrongo Central seat in 2004 and 2008 on the ticket of the People's National Convention but lost on both occasions to Joseph Kofi Adda of the New Patriotic Party.
In 2012 he contested once more for the seat and lost this time to Mark Woyongo of the National Democratic Congress.
After the nomination of Justice Pwamang and Justice Yaw Appau, the national council of the Ghana Bar Association together with three lawyers filed a suit at the Supreme Court seeking clarification on a provision in the constitution concerning the appointment of judges to the Superior Courts.
This action was taken based on the fact that the council recommended three persons for appointment to the Supreme Court however, one was left out.
Also, seven justices were recommended for to serve on the Appeals Court however, the president appointed five out of the seven.
Justice Pwamang was vetted on June 3, 2015 and approved by parliament but his appointment was challenged by madam Eva Oboshie Sai of the General Legal Council.
The appointment process was consequently protracted as the then Chief Justice, Georgina Theodora Woode formed a Disciplinary Committee to investigate the matter.
The committee later cleared him as it established that the complaint against him (Justice Pwamang) had been withdrawn by the complainant.
He competed in the 2012 Summer Paralympics despite an infection and the doctor's bed-rest order, after sneaking out of the hospital.
It was published in the French newspaper Le Rappel, later included in the last volume of Actes et Paroles, Hugo's collected political writings, entitled .
During 1876, the Ottoman harsh suppression of the uprisings of Balkan Christians, specifically, the atrocities in Bulgaria, had been witnessed by Western observers and fully reported in the Eu­ropean press with gruesome details.
In this text, Hugo delivers a plea protesting against the impassivity of European governments, in particular in the face of the massacre committed by the Turks in Serbia.
Her personal YouTube channel has 8.68 million subscribers and she also has more than 11.8 million followers on Instagram as of January 23, 2020.
Rodriguez studied a degree in theater, where she met members of Badabun who invited her to join the company as a technical assistant.
After Rodriguez took on this role, the program became, in a few short months, one of the most watched of the channel and the fastest growing in Spanish and Portuguese within the YouTube platform.
She has a son named Eros, and she presented him for the first time on her social media accounts in August 2019.
Drew Petzing (born March 12, 1987) is an American football coach who is the tight ends coach for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).
On January 24, 2020, Petzing returned returned to the Cleveland Browns and was hired as their tight ends coach under head coach Kevin Stefanski.
Dating originally from 1823–24, it was designed by Francis Goodwin in the Greek Revival style, and extended in 1869–71 by James Stevens and again in 1991–92.
The original design is similar to Francis Goodwin's previous design for the (now-demolished) Manchester Old Town Hall, and is modelled on the Erechtheion in Athens.
A wider west front on Chestergate in the same style was added in 1869–71 by James Stevens, a local architect from the town.
The inner two bays have sash windows to both ground and first floors that are divided into three parts by pilasters.
The extension of 1991–92, by Conder UK and HLM Architects, is a Georgian-style, two-storey office building, in red brick with faux stone dressings.
It occupies the building's entire east side, with six columns matching the exterior portico running down each side, immediately adjacent to the walls.
In total athletes representing Canada won one silver and two bronze medals and the country finished in 43th place in the medal table.
Berk Çetin (born 2 February 2000) is a Turkish football player who plays as a defender for Kasımpaşa in the Süper Lig.
French presidents have claimed that the Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem come under French protection, owned by its government, and is French territory.
In 1996, during Jacques Chirac’s visit to Jerusalem, the French president refused to enter the church until Israeli soldiers who accompanied him left.
Rhetts was appointed by President John F. Kennedy to the position of United States Ambassador to Liberia on July 5, 1962.
Liu Zhongyi (; October 1930 – 5 January 2020) was a Chinese politician who served as Minister of Agriculture from 1990 to 1993 and Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission from 1985 to 1990.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he studied statistics at Zhongyuan University (中原大学) from 1951 to 1952, and joined the Communist Party of China in October 1954.
In 1978, he was appointed Deputy Director of the Agriculture, Forestry and Water Conservancy Planning Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), and was promoted to Director in 1982.
In June 1990, he was appointed Minister of Agriculture, serving until April 1993, when he became Deputy Director of the Development Research Center of the State Council.
From 1998 to 2003 he was a Standing Committee member of the 9th National People's Congress, and served as Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee.
The 2020 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team will represent the University of Hawaii at Manoa in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
They compete in the West Division of the Mountain West Conference and will be led by first-year head coach Todd Graham.
They finished 10-5, 5-3 to finish tied for first in the West Division, claiming the division championship with a 14-11 win over San Diego State.
They advanced to the Mountain West Championship, where they lost to Boise State, but won the Hawaii Bowl over archrival BYU, 38-34.
After a week, Athletic Director David Matlin hired former Arizona State head coach Todd Graham as Rolovich's successor on January 21, 2020.
The Vyborg Treaty was a package of 7 documents signed in Vyborg during 1609 between Sweden and Russia on the provision by Sweden of military assistance to the government of Vasily Shuisky.
Under the terms of the agreement and the secret protocol thereto, Sweden provided a mercenary corps, paid for by Russia, in exchange for the Korela Fortress with a county.
In 1609–1610, the Swedish auxiliary corps under the command of Jacob Delagardi participated in battles against the supporters of False Dmitry II and the Polish interventionists.
After the overthrow of Shuisky, Delagardi, under the pretext of non-fulfillment by the Russians of the terms of the treaty, in 1610–1613 captured Novgorod and a number of other northern Russian cities, further drawing Sweden into the Russian Troubles.
The government of Mikhail Romanov during the years 1614–1617 held negotiations to end the occupation, but the Swedes insisted on territorial concessions.
The negotiations were held in the midst of repeatedly renewed hostilities and culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Stolbovo.
With the advent of the first news of the pretender to the Moscow throne announced in Poland and his support by the Poles, Charles IX began to pay more attention to the situation in the east.
On the one hand, Sweden fought with Poland and it was impossible to allow its strengthening due to Russian lands or its rapprochement with Russia.
On the other hand, a peace treaty was recently signed with Russia, according to which Sweden had to return most of Ingermanland.
Having decided to use the difficult situation of the Moscow government and at the same time to tie the forces of the Commonwealth, the king at the beginning of 1604 offered a large army to help Boris Godunov.
The price of military support was supposed to be the transfer of Sweden to the cities of Ivangorod, Yam, Koporye and Korela.
Due to the sudden death of Boris Godunov, negotiations did not take place, and False Dmitry I soon ascended the throne.
At the end of 1606, when the south of the country was gripped by a peasant uprising, and later, in May 1608, when the units of False Dmitry II approached Moscow, Karl was thinking about an open attack on the bordering Russian lands.
In the summer of 1608, the situation of Vasily Shuisky became critical – Moscow was besieged by the Tushins, and on August 10 the tsar himself sent a letter to the Swedish king asking for military assistance.
On the Swedish side, Mons Mortensson, an officer of the Commander-in-Chief in the Baltic, Friedrich Mansfeld, went to Novgorod for preliminary negotiations.
By the end of November, they agreed to send a Swedish auxiliary corps to Russia of 5 thousand people and to pay large salaries to the mercenaries by the Moscow government.
The news of the upcoming arrival of the traditional enemy, the Swedes, caused discontent among the inhabitants of the border cities, one by one they went over to the side of False Dmitry II: first Pskov, then Korela and Oreshek.
In early February 1609, in Vyborg, in the Round Tower of the Vyborg Fortress, negotiations began on the terms of the contract.
The king of Sweden in the negotiations was represented by, among others, a member of the State Council (Riksrod) Joran Boye and the regional judge of Karelia, the commandant of Vyborg Arvid Tönnesson Wildman.
On the Russian side there were two ambassadors – the stolnik Semyon Vasilyevich Golovin, brother-in-law of Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, and the clerk Sydavny Vasilyevich Zinoviev.
After that, the ambassadors proposed to all members of the Russian embassy to leave the premises, and they swore an oath from the Swedish representatives to keep further negotiations secret.
As a result, a secret protocol to the treaty was signed, according to which the Korela Fortress with the county was ceded to perpetual possession.
Nevertheless, the secrecy of the additional negotiations was caused by the fear that the voluntary cession of the state's territory would further increase the king's discontent in the country.
A separate line was the obligation of both parties not to conclude separate treaties with the Poles, and the Treaty of Teusina, concluded 13 years earlier, was also ratified.
The secret protocol stipulated that after 3 weeks after the Swedish troops crossed the border, the commander of the Swedish corps Delagardi will be awarded with confirmation letters signed by Skopin-Shuisky, and after another 2 months – letters signed by the tsar.
Upon the arrival of the Delagardi corps in Novgorod, Skopin-Shuisky really gave him letters of confirmation to the contract and the secret protocol.
After the battle near Tver, a revolt occurred in the Delagardi corps, mainly due to the irregular payment of salaries, most of the mercenaries deserted.
The significantly thinned corps went to Valdai, where by autumn Delagardi still received some confirmation from the tsar of the terms of the agreement and two more letters of confirmation from Kalyazin from Skopin-Shuisky addressed to him and the Swedish king.
Des is a forthcoming British three-part television drama miniseries, based on the 1983 arrest of Scottish serial killer Dennis Nilsen, after the discovery of human decaying remains causing the blockage of a near-by drain.
Anthony Chigaemezu Uzodimma (born 17 April 1999) is a Nigerian football player who plays as a midfielder for Kayserispor in the Süper Lig.
As was his habit occasionally, Coe gave each side of the LP a theme, with side one being the Down Side and side two being the Up Side.
This version is the most eclectic of the three, featuring the same Tom Waits-like piano bar introduction found in the first two instalments, before giving way to a saxophone-drenched R&B section, which fades into a just over a minute of unaccompanied banjo diddling.
In total athletes representing Azerbaijan won two silver and four bronze medals and the country finished in 38th place in the medal table.
Rossini holds a LL.M in Intellectual Property from Boston University, and degrees from the Sao Paulo State University-UNESP (Master in International Negotiations), University of Sao Paulo (Bachelor in Law), Instituto de Empresa-IE (MBA in E-Business).
On April 2, 2014, Rossini was called to the United States House of Representatives to discuss the proposed transfer of the IANA stewardship from the United States.
Rossini also played an important role in the Marco Civil legislation passed in 2014 in her native Brazil, as she was the key translator of the approved law from Portuguese to English.
An attorney by trade, Rossini has held various positions with leading technology companies and think tanks such as: Facebook, New America, Public Knowledge, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
He studied jazz and classical music at the in Lima, in Buenos Aires, and the Trinity College of Music in London.
In 2005 Prado moved to the Unites States and taught jazz performance at the McNally Smith College of Music in Saint Paul, Minnesota for two years.
During this time he signed with RPM Records and worked with bassist Anthony Cox and pianist Peter Schimke, and released three albums.
In 2007 he moved to Peru and joined the faculty of the School of Music at the Catholic University of Peru where he teaches jazz improvisation.
Hu Renyu (; born 20 July 1931) is a Chinese nuclear physicist who is a researcher and former president at the China Academy of Engineering Physics.
After graduating from Tsinghua University in August 1952, he was assigned to the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
He returned to China in 1958 and that same year joined the No.9 Institute of the Ministry of Second Machinery Industry.
In June 1983, he was promoted to vice-president of the No.9 Research Institute of the , assisting Deng Jiaxian to organize and lead the scientific research work of the institute.
Pastor made his professional debut with Elche CF in a 1–1 (5–4) penalty shootout loss to Athletic Bilbao on 22 January 2020.
Lauren Elizabeth Cox (born April 20, 1998) is an American women's basketball player for the Baylor Lady Bears of the Big 12 Conference.
Prior to the start of the 2019, she was a preseason All-American by Lindy's Sports, Athlon Sports, and Street & Smith.
In 2017 she also won the silver medal in the women's 75 kg event at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.
Bandi Narayanswamy is a writer, novelist and a teacher.He has awarded with national Sahitya Akademi Award - 2019 (Telugu) for the novel Saptabhoomi.he published the novel in 2017 and got the Telugu Association of North America (TANA) Award for the same.
The Montlake Historic District is a part of Montlake, located northwest of the downtown district in Seattle, Washington that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 15, 2015.
It primarily contains residential property; however there are some other types of buildings within the district such as the Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Seattle Yacht Club.
It is notable for the architectural styles displayed by homes in the district and the boulevards planned by the Olmsted Brothers in 1903.
Montlake Boulevard, a portion of Lake Washington Boulevard, East Montlake Park, West Montlake Park, Montlake Playfield, Boyer Pocket Park, and the Lake Washington Canal Reserve Land are all parks within the district.
The State Route 520 corridor which divides the district into two sections (the northern section of the historic district only has two blocks out of a total of 50) is excluded from the district.
Homeward bound, she was at Macao on 16 Mar ch 1791, reached St Helena on 6 July, and arrived at Long Reach on 23 September.
She was at Madeira on 22 November and the Cape on 3 February 1798; she arrived at Bombay on 29 May.
Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 20 March, reached st Helena on 8 July, and arrived back at Gravesend on 16 September.
Christine Michaela Anderson-Cook (born 1966) is a Canadian statistician known for her work on the design of experiments, reliability surfaces in quality engineering, and the applications of statistics in nuclear forensics.
Anderson-Cook is a project leader in the US National Technical Nuclear Forensics Center, a research scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and a former chair of the American Statistical Association Section of Quality and Productivity and of the American Society for Quality Statistics Division.
Anderson-Cook did her undergraduate studies at Western University and the University of Waterloo, earning a bachelor's degree in education from Western University and a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Waterloo in 1989.
She moved to the University of Toronto for a master's degree in statistics in 1990, and returned to Waterloo for her Ph.D., which she completed in 1994.
She was an assistant professor of statistics and actuarial science at Western University and then, beginning in 1996, an associate professor of statistics at Virginia Tech, before moving to Los Alamos in 2004.
She chaired the American Statistical Association Section of Quality and Productivity in 2006, and the American Society for Quality Statistics Division in 2010.
Most of the manuscript is now in the Matenadaran in Yerevan, Armenia; however, the book's canon pages were separated from the rest of the manuscript during the Armenian genocide.
Georges Cloetens, born Josse Léopold Cloetens on March 7, 1871 in Brussels and died on August 13, 1949 in Ixelles, was a Belgian organ builder and inventor, mainly known for the invention of the orphéal (1908) and the luthéal (1919 ).
The latter, a former apprentice of Joseph Merklin, is an organ builder and inventor, to whom we owe several instruments, including the organ with three keyboards of the royal church of Laeken or that of the Philharmonic Hall of Liège.
Cloetens remained attached to his master until 1897, when he installed his first workshops at 14, rue du Belvédère, in Ixelles, which he moved in 1901 to 37, rue de Lausanne, in Saint-Gilles.
Indeed, Cloetens is referenced, on its patents, as residing in Saint-Gilles until 1913 and from 1920, but in Uccle for the year 1919.
As an organist, Georges Cloetens organized a good number of concerts, for organ inaugurations or the promotion of his inventions, or takes part in performances of all kinds (entertaining evenings, representations of original works, ... ).
His repertoire includes works by old and recent composers: Henry Purcell, Georg Friedrich Haendel, Giovanni Bolzoni, Enrique Granados, Claude Debussy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Richard Wagner.
India's Coal Story: From Damodar to Zambezi is a non-fiction book written by journalist Subhomoy Bhattacharjee and published by SAGE Publishing in 2017.
He wrote that author weaves weaves a series of fascinating stories about India’s coal history but it doesn’t quite hold as a cohesive narrative.
He also wrote that book consists good amount of informative nuggets which could have made it as great book if it was used well.
She wrote that book is no creative work but a painstaking research done by author through series of interviews and tours across India.
The most successful single from the album was Carreteras Mojadas which top the airplay charts for 5 weeks in Perú and became the most played song of 1996 in the country.
The anime is produced by Bee Train and directed by Kōichi Mashimo with production support by Production I.G and Pony Canyon.
Bee Train was responsible for the animation production, Pony Canyon produced the music for the series, and Yoshimitsu Yamashita designed the characters.
The series is animated by Liden Films and directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki, with Makoto Fukami handling series composition, Shingo Ogiso designing the characters, and Eiko Ishibashi composing the music.
The Sautauriski mountain is wedged between the Jacques-Cartier River which flows on the southwest side and the Sautauriski River which is on the east side.
This belvedere presents a magnificent panorama on the vertiginous walls bordering the Jacques-Cartier river on the southwest face of the mountain.
At the summit (altitude: ), hikers can admire a magnificent panorama of the relief of the Laurentian Mountains, the valleys of the Jacques-Cartier and the Sautauriski.
Generally, during the weekends of September until Thanksgiving, the traffic is more important because of the foliage which adopts the colors of autumn.
During this busy period, it is required to use a shuttle service from the Park Discovery and Access Center to access the trailhead located at km 16, on the Chemin du Parc-National.
The entrance to Parc national de la Jacques-Cartier is located at 103 chemin du Parc-National, in Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, north of the city of Québec.
In 2015, she was appointed as Governor Andrew Cuomo's speechwriter, and was the first black woman and youngest person to serve in the role.
Deanna Marie Barch is a psychology professor, radiology professor and a psychiatry professor at Washington University.She received the APA’s Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career for contributions to psychology in psychopathology , the Joseph Zubin Memorial Fund Award, and she is also a Fellow for the Association for Psychological Science.
And throughout 1993-1994 and 1994-1997, she did her internship in clinical psychology, postdoctoral fellowship and NIH training fellowship from Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic,University of Pittsburgh Medical School.
0-Six (2006 –2012), also known as 832F, was a female gray wolf, whose death by hunting just outside the protected area of Yellowstone National Park stirred debate about the hunting and protection of wolves in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho.
She was a member of the fourth generation of wolves born in Yellowstone after the 1995 reintroduction of wolves to the park.
Wandering into new territory, the remaining pack members, including O-Six, left the park, where no hunting is allowed, and appeared on private land to the east, near Crandall, Wyoming, during Wyoming's 2012 wolf hunting season.
She was shot by a hunter on November 6, 2012, the eighth wolf to be legally killed in Wyoming in 2012.
The competition took inspiration from the World War II government program, Station S - which civilians were assessed and trained to be spies.
Rylstone Shire was abolished and its area split on 26 May 2004 with part merged with parts of Coolah Shire, Mudgee Shire and Merriwa Shire to form Mid-Western Regional Council and the balance absorbed by the City of Lithgow.
Jarrett Burton (born December 30, 1990) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for Rochester Americans in the American Hockey League.
Niño made his professional debut with Villarreal in a 3–0 Copa del Rey win over Girona FC on 22 January 2020.
Niño debuted with Villarreal in a 2-1 La Liga win over Deportivo Alavés; coming on as a late sub in the 88th minute, Niño scored the game-winning goal in his debut.
Vertigo is an album by Australian improvised music trio The Necks first released on the Fish of Milk label in 2015 in Australia, on ReR Megacorp in Europe, and on the Northern Spy label in the US.
The 43-minute work is informally split into movement-like halves, though its sense of fluidity is constant, no matter what arises in the proceedings -- and there is plenty.
These are the parts that should, in theory, coalesce into shapes and patterns that feel familiar, but the Necks are true trance soul rebels, dizzy abstractionists bent on meditative delirium — the sort of frazzled centered headspace you settle into after sitting and thinking for far too long.
The bottom two teams played in a new group with the teams they did not play against in the group stage.
In 1955 Civil & Civic commenced work on a new headquarters for Caltex Australia on a site bounded by Kent Street, Gas Lane and Jenkins Street in Millers Point.
In August 1996, Caltex House was sold to the Stamford Hotel Group, gutted, increased in height to 28 storeys and fitted out for residential and hotel use with the work completed in early 2000.
Edith Fishtine Helman (September 19, 1905 – March 31, 1994) was an American scholar of the Spanish Enlightenment and professor at Simmons College.
She studied at Simmons College for one year in 1921 before transferring to Boston University's College of Liberal Arts where she received a bachelor's degree in 1925.
As a French and Spanish professor, Helman taught first at Bryn Mawr and then joined the Simmons faculty as an Assistant Professor of Spanish in 1932.
Supported by grants and fellowships, she traveled throughout both Spain and South America, conducting research on Spanish Enlightenment thinkers and writers.
A 1940 fellowship offered by Pan-American Airlines through the U.S. State Department allowed her to study at the Universidad de San Marcos in Peru.
The Alice Freeman Palmer Fellowship allowed her to conduct research in Spain on Spanish Enlightenment thinkers and writers in 1949 and 1950.
At Simmons, Helman helped to establish the Lyle K. Bush Art Fund to create a permanent collection of art on campus.
Helman was associate editor of Norton Publishing's Spanish Book Series and the co-editor of a collection of short stories written in Spanish for college students.
Helman was inducted into the Hispanic Society of America in 1953, elected a fellow the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1956, and became a member of Phi Beta Kappa at Boston University in 1967.
Helman was elected an honorary member of the National Romance Language Honor Society in 1971, and entered the Collegium of Distinguished Alumni of the College of Liberal Arts at Boston University on March 30, 1974.
Daniel John Schmidt (born 27 April, 1988) is an Australian professional baseball pitcher for the Perth Heat of the Australian Baseball League.
Schmidt was a Melville Braves junior in Western Australia and played in the junior state representative and schoolboys teams, before being selected in the extended 35 man Western Heelers squad for the 2005 Claxton Shield.
He would be part of the Heat team that won the Shield that year and again in 2009, pitching a 6⅔ scoreless start in the deciding championship game.
Following his Claxton Shield success, Schmidt began continued playing for the Heat in the inaugural Australian Baseball League season with the team winning the Championship that year and the 2011–12 Australian Baseball League season.
With the Heat, he continued to be a mainstay in the rotation until a rocky 2015–16 Australian Baseball League season saw him put in a bullpen and spot starter role for the next two seasons, before being moved there full-time from 2018 onwards in a variety of roles.
Due to his consistency and regular role, he holds a variety of Australian Baseball League career records that include most wins (37), losses (27), earned runs (235), runs (301), hits (573) and home-runs (52) allowed.
He later played with the Brockton Rox in the Can-Am League and in 2013 for the Alexandria Aces and Edinburg Roadrunners in the United League Baseball.
He was, until 2000, the proprietor of Swane's Nurseries at Dural, New South Wales and was for thirty years a gardening presenter on 702 ABC Sydney.
TLA was originally organized in Nashville on May 29, 1902, by members of the Nashville Public Library staff and the Nashville Library Club and had 41 members by 1905.
The first annual meeting of the association was in Nashville on January 18, 1905 and had an opening address by Governor Frazier.
Deulghata (also called Deulghat), near Baram in the Arsha (community development block) in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district of West Bengal, India, has ancient/ medieval temples.
Deulghata, on the bank of the Kangsabati, some 6 km south of Jaypur and about 25 km from Purulia town once had 15 temples and some small shrines, built around the 9th-10th century.
Dalton, Commissioner of Chhotanagpur, visited the place and found three large temples in the midst of the ruins of many more.J.D.
There are also images of divinities similar to figures in the Nepali Hindu paintings.” The third temple is in bad shape.
The Cutters welcomed former NRL players David Milne, Rohan Ahern and Jason Schirnack, and Welsh internationals Andrew Gay and Lee Williams to the club in 2012, as they looked to return to the finals.
Unfortunately, despite winning more games than in 2011, success evaded the club once again, as they finished the season in eighth, missing the finals.
Captain Grant Rovelli was named the club's Player of the Year, finishing as their top try scorer, and was once again selected for the Queensland Residents, captaining the side.
2012 would be head coach Anthony Seibold's final year at the club, as he joined the Melbourne Storm in 2013 to coach their under-20 side.
The following players contracted to the North Queensland Cowboys played for the Cutters in 2012: Javid Bowen, Chris Grevsmuhl, Glenn Hall, Sam Hoare, Dane Hogan, Ben Jones, Tyson Martin, Michael Morgan, Mosese Pangai, Jack Rycen, Jason Taumalolo and Francis Veukiso.
Chen Wei (; born February 1966) is a Chinese epidemiologist and currently researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Academy of Military Medical Sciences.
After completing her master's degree at Tsinghua University, she attended Academy of Military Medical Sciences where she obtained her doctor's degree in 1998.
The company was founded in 2006 as Esprit Capital, renaming itself Draper Esprit in 2015 after joining a network set up by the Silicon Valley investor Tim Draper.
The company's investments include Graphcore, Trustpilot, Peak Games, Ravenpack, Smava, UiPath, Lyst, Perkbox, M-Files, Ledger, Revolut, Pollen, Aircall, Transferwise, Finalcad, Pod Point, SportPursuit, N26, Crowdcube, Seedrs, Push Doctor, and Freetrade.
The India A cricket team are scheduled to tour New Zealand from January to February to play two First-class and three List-A matches.
Ahead of New Zealand series, BCCI wants to send India A cricket team to New Zealand for warm-up matches (First-class and List-A matches).
On September 2, 1997, President Bill Clinton nominated Josey-Herring to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Colleen Kollar-Kotelly.
On September 11, 2012, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint her to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
Mid-Telemark is a municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, which consists of the settlements and the former municipalities Bø and Sauherad.
Malcolm Foster is a British musician known best for being the bass player for The Pretenders between 1982 and 1987, and a session player for Simple Minds between 1989 and 1995.
Foster received an invitation from Chrissie Hynde to join The Pretenders after Hynde let Pete Farndon, their original bass player, go.
Foster, alongside Robbie McIntosh, permanently joined in late 1982, and helped the band finish their 1984 album, Learning to Crawl (his only full album with them).
During another session, Foster decided to leave too feeling that it was no use in him staying if Chambers isn't drumming.
At the advice of Dave Hill, Hynde let both Stevens and Worrell go by early 1987, and Foster was asked to return on bass.
In 1987, Robbie Macintosh was replaced by The Smiths' Johnny Marr, but due to disagreements, he too was asked to leave.
Cumminghams went back to session playing (which he would do on the next Pretenders album even though it was intended as Hynde's solo debut), and Foster, in 1989, joined Simple Minds.
With Lam Chi-wah serving as executive producer, the series stars Vincent Wong as a struggling actor who gets hired by the OCTB of the Hong Kong Police Force to be a fake triad boss in order to take down a powerful gang.
A struggling stage actor based in Ohio returns to Hong Kong to pursue his career, but he gets warped into a case that involves him going undercover for the police as a fake mafia boss.
With his skating partner, Katarina Wolfkostin, he is the 2020 U.S. national silver medalist and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalist.
Chen changed coaches and began training with Marina Zoueva prior to the next season; he competed with Gianna Buckley during the 2017–18 season, winning the 2018 U.S. national novice silver medal.
He then skated two months with Anna Lavrova during the 2018–19 season, but the partnership ended before the 2019 U.S. Championships.
Chen began skating with Katarina Wolfkostin in 2019 and moved to train with her coaches, Igor Shpilband and Pasquale Camerlengo, in Novi, Michigan.
Wolfkostin / Chen won their first international medal at the 2019 Golden Spin of Zagreb, earning the silver medal behind Arina Ushakova / Maxim Nekrasov of Russia.
Wolfkostin / Chen were named as the sole ice dance entrant on the U.S. team for the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.
They were fifth after the rhythm dance, before placing third in the free dance, to win the bronze medal overall behind Russians Irina Khavronina / Dario Cirisano and Sofia Tyutyunina / Alexander Shustitsky.
Wolfkostin / Chen were drawn as part of Team Determination for the team event, alongside singles skaters Cha Young-hyun of South Korea and Nella Pelkonen of Finland and pairs skaters Brooke McIntosh / Brandon Toste of Canada.
Wolfkostin / Chen placed fourth in the rhythm dance and second in the free dance to win the silver medal at the 2020 U.S. Championships, behind Avonley Nguyen / Vadym Kolesnik.
Performance Anxiety, or stage fright, is an anxiety or phobia aroused in a person when required to perform in front of an audience.
He enrolled at Jilin University where he received his bachelor's degree in 1987 and his master's degree in 1992 both in medical science.
The Municipality of North Perth was a local government area in inner suburban Perth, Western Australia, centred on the suburb of North Perth.
The municipality built the first stage of the North Perth Town Hall as their new headquarters in 1902, with the larger second stage following in 1910.
By the time of its abolition, it encompassed 1,206 acres, had a population of 7,560 (up from 1,730 in 1903), had rateable property estimated at £50,308 and an annual rate income of £9,234 18s 5d.
Dickson was born on September 19, 1827 in Lexington, Scott County, Indiana to Richard L. Dickson and Rachel Lowry (1801–1860), who married in Madison, Indiana on November 20, 1825 and settled in Scott County.
For two years, he stayed the weekends in Hanover and walked to school each Monday morning, carrying a week's worth of food and books.
Chief Justice Joel Parker, a professor at Harvard, brought him into his household and treated him like a member of the family while he studied at Harvard.
Parker provided a letter of introduction for Nathaniel Wright in Cincinnati, since he decided to move to the area but did not know anyone in the city.
He won the election for prosecuting attorney of the police court in Cincinnati in 1853, and he was the first person to hold that position.
He formed a law firm in April 1854 with Thomas Marshall Key and Alphonso Taft, the father of resident and Chief Justice William Howard Taft.
He was an abolitionist, an advocate of the Fugitive Slave Law, and he fought for desegregation of the city's street cars.
During the Civil War he organized and led the Black Brigade of Cincinnati as they built a blockade to prevent the Confederate Army from attacking Cincinnati.
He received the order by Major-General Lew Wallace on September 4, 1862 to command the Black Brigade of Cincinnati to build fortifications near Newport and Covington, Kentucky.
At the conclusion of their work, Brigade members presented a sword as an award to Dickson for his kindness and leadership after they had been brutally rounded-up, penned, and forced to do work that they had attempted to volunteer to do.
The brigade had 1,000 members, 700 of which built fortifications and 300 that were assigned other tasks for the military and city.
In December 1862, Dickson met or communicated with Edwin Stanton, Salmon P. Chase and Abraham Lincoln to discuss his ideas for the Emancipation Proclamation, and is considered a contributor to the proclamation.
She was the daughter of Dr. John Todd Parker and Jane Logan Allen and a first cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln.
In 1891, the family traveled to Derry, Ireland to see the old Lowry house and also to Scotland, near Dumfries, to see Rev.
He died on October 15, 1889 at the hospital in Cincinnati due to his injuries from the Mount Auburn incline accident.
The Hidden Kingdoms of China (previously reported as China's Hidden Kingdoms) is a television series slated to premiere on the National Geographic in 2020.
The Sierra del Merendón, to which this peak belongs, is located in the south of the department of Copán, between the Valle de Cucuyagua and Valle de Sensenti, and serving as a border boundary with the Ocotepeque Department.
Peeli Sivam (P. L. Chinnappan) (5 July 1938 – 25 September 2017) was an Indian actor who featured in Tamil-language films and plays from the 1970s to the 2010s.
In 1995, he won the Kalamamani Award from the state of Tamil Nadu for best actor in the field of drama.
He won the Kalamamani Award from the State of Tamil Nadu for best actor in the field of drama in 1995.
This is a basic glossary of disc golf terms that includes both technical terminology and jargon developed over the years in the sport of disc golf.
Where noted, some terms are used only in American English (US), only in British English (UK), or are regional to a particular part of the world, such as Australia (AU).
The most extreme flooding occurred during Superstorm Sandy, with a high water mark in the Woodbridge River of 12 feet; low-lying areas along the lower river have only a six-seven foot elevation above sea level.
Prolonged coastal storms (nor'easters), which combine tidal and fluvial flooding, along with flow constrictions, cause an increase in the duration of flooding of the Woodbridge River and its tributaries, which may last for days before water levels subside.
In the most affected area from Hurricane Sandy, Watson-Cramptom, prior to 2009 the area adjacent to the Woodbridge River was zoned for high density residential housing, including the area consisting of wetlands and meadows.
After Sandy, using money from the New Jersey Buyout Program, Woodbridge bought out and demolished many residential properties in the flood hazard areas.
In Woodbridge not everybody wants to sell; 2050, when the properties have a high probability of severe damage from rising sea levels, seems too far in the future for some.
In 2013 the Ernest L. Oros Wildlife Preserve was dedicated; the Preserve occupies 99 acres along the Woodbridge River and has restored the river and adjacent land as a nature preserve.
Eight mammal species have been noted, including racoon and red fox; nine fish species have been identified, including the American eel.
This race was the first and only racing event to be outside of the continent of Asia for the Asian Le Mans Series.
Cerro Tenán is located near the village of Ojos de Agua, in the Municipality of Cucuyagua, in the Copán Department of Honduras.
With her skating partner, Jeffrey Chen, she is the 2020 U.S. junior national silver medalist and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalist.
She started ice dancing with her first partner, John Carlson, when she was nine, and they placed eighth in the intermediate division at the 2016 U.S. Championships.
They won the bronze medal at the 2018–19 Pacific Coast Sectionals to advance to the 2019 U.S. Championships, where they finished ninth.
Wolfkostin began skating with Jeffrey Chen in 2019 and he moved to train with her coaches, Igor Shpilband and Pasquale Camerlengo, in Novi, Michigan.
Wolfkostin / Chen won their first international medal at the 2019 Golden Spin of Zagreb, earning the silver medal behind Arina Ushakova / Maxim Nekrasov of Russia.
Wolfkostin / Chen were named as the sole ice dance entrant on the U.S. team for the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.
They were fifth after the rhythm dance, before placing third in the free dance, to win the bronze medal overall behind Russians Irina Khavronina / Dario Cirisano and Sofia Tyutyunina / Alexander Shustitsky.
Wolfkostin / Chen were drawn as part of Team Determination for the team event, alongside singles skaters Cha Young-hyun of South Korea and Nella Pelkonen of Finland and pairs skaters Brooke McIntosh / Brandon Toste of Canada.
Wolfkostin / Chen placed fourth in the rhythm dance and second in the free dance to win the silver medal at the 2020 U.S. Championships, behind Avonley Nguyen / Vadym Kolesnik.
The music production team consist of a collaborators which produced music for the former idol singer, Momoe Yamaguchi, such as Mitsuo Hagita, Shinji Tanimura and Yoko Aki along with the previous collaborators as Takao and Etsuko Kisugi, Masao Urino and Haruomi Hosono.
The album reached number one on the Oricon Album Weekly Chart for two consecutive weeks, charted 16 weeks and selling over 482,100 copies.
It occupies a wide range of habitats from flooded fields and human habitation in the plains to the wet forests on the hills.
Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing.
List of discoveries in anthropology consists of discoveries in the field of anthropology, with entries to each sub-heading existing in chronology.
Cerro Pajas is the name given to an inactive volcano located in the south of Floreana Island (also called Santa María), in the archipelago, province and national park of the Galapagos Islands, in the west of the South American country of Ecuador.
Gabbard v. Clinton is a lawsuit filed by Tulsi Gabbard against Hillary Clinton in January 2020, charging Clinton defamed Gabbard during an interview on a podcast in October 2019.
During the 2016 United States presidential election, Tulsi Gabbard—a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and vice chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC)—endorsed Bernie Sanders for the Democratic Party's presidential nominee over his rival Hillary Clinton.
On January 22, 2020, Gabbard and her campaign organization, Tulsi Now, filed a slander lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against Clinton.
After Rajam solves many dowry issues, she marries a man who genuinely loves her, and the couple continue their war against the dowry system.
The 1938 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1938 college football season.
In its second year under head coach George Sauer, the team compiled a 3–6 record, being outscored by their opponents 112–42.
Team captain Paul Horne set two Wildcat records in the Saint Anselm game, which still stand; most punts in a game (17) and most punting yardage in a game (527).
Donald Snyder (born 1936) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as vice commander of Tactical Air Command from 1991 until his retirement in 1992.
It was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, in a rural area to the north-east of Montreal.
Drummond was thus located to the north-east of Montreal, south of the Saint Lawrence River, in the area now known as the Centre-du-Québec.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
Thomas A. Baker (born May 9, 1935) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as commander of the Twelfth Air Force, deputy commander in chief of United Nations Command and vice commander of Tactical Air Command.
Eika, born 1988 in Leningrad, USSR), is a watercolor painter, illustrator, muralist, typographer, pencil artist, and videographer who specializes in landscape art.
Eibatova was born in 1988 in Leningrad, which was renamed Saint Petersburg in 1991 as a result of the Soviet Union's dissolution.
Dopludo habitually hangs sign of black text against white background in public spaces, often posing messages expressing social or philosophical curiosity.
Receiving her initial art education in Saint Petesburg, at age 19 she branched out to Northern Sweden where she studied at the Gerlesborg School of Fine Art.
Her work is often not a literal interpretation of nature, and features surreal entities such as, for example, duck-billed koalas or zebra-striped rhinos.
Going with the princess theme of the issue, she created a princess bride, two friends of the bride, and a groom.
The video depicts a woman taking flowers from her mouth and placing them all over her face and neck until her head is fully obscured.
Around 2014, Eibatova lent multiple avian drawings to the Aves edition of Bicycle cards, created and printed by LUX Playing Cards.
For the work, she collaborated with design agency Lambs & Lions, as well as interior designer Annabel Kutucu and architect Vana Pernariv.
She attended the University of Toronto for her Bachelor of Arts before moving to England to University of Oxford and California for Stanford University.
She was eventually elected to the College of New Scholars of the Royal Society of Canada for her research into medieval religious culture.
The following year, Williams was granted a 2018 Killam Research Fellowship by the Canada Council for the Arts to conduct the first study research the role of girl actors from the Middle Ages to the English Revolution.
As a result of her research in the fields of Renaissance Medievalism and Elizabethan culture, Williams was awarded the 2019 President’s Research Excellence Award.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1982, a master's degree in 1985, and a doctor's degree in 1990, all from Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.
In 2000 he became dean of School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, a position he held until June 2011.
In July 2011 he became the deputy president of Macau University of Science and Technology, rising to president in January 2013.
It is located at 455–465 Hay Street, at the corner of Rokeby Road, and dates back to the state's gold rushes era of the 1890s.
The land had been subdivided ten years earlier, from a lot originally granted to the Roman Catholic Bishop of Perth, Martin Griver.
In 1904, the Subiaco Hotel was extended to cater for the growing area of Subiaco, with a two-storey addition at the rear, and another single-level extension along Hay Street.
Architect Reginald Summerhayes was initially commissioned to renovate bathrooms and bedrooms, raise windows on the upper storey, and put in a new roof.
Later, in 1957, Summerhayes was once more engaged to design a new single-storey structure on Hay Street, including a garden lounge.
The imposing steeple was removed in 1963 due to termite damage, and by 1964 a drive-through bottle shop was operating out of what had been a garage and store room.
Quinlan died in 1927, and thereafter the company was known as the Connor Quinlan Estate; but ownership of the Subiaco Hotel remained within the family for several generations.
The hospitality business was sold to Michael and Judy Monaghan in 1969, and in 1990 they bought a 27% share of the building.
The Monaghans and other owners sold both the building and the business in September 2019 to Dave Allan and Lawson Douglas, owners of the Rose Hotel in Bunbury and the Exchange Hotel in Kalgoorlie.
Vectornator is a graphic design software, developed by Linearity GmbH, that simplifies the design creation process for designers by providing intuitive tools & automating routine problems faced in the area.
When Vladimir was 10 years old, he was searching for a suitable free design tool for his illustrations that could also be used on mobile devices.
He could not find one and eventually decided to code a solution on his own, knowing that other designers were searching for the lacking features as well.
In 2019, Vectornator launched on macOS which became a turning point for the software as it became available across the entire Apple ecosystem.
The software has now reached over 1.5 million downloads and has raised more than $5 million in funding including HV Ventures.
Vectornator has went viral when it received coverage from major graphic industry sources like The Next Scoop, Pixel Buddha, The Daily Star, and Mac Gadget among others.
In 1943, four years after the original Black Crackers ceased operations, a new team formed to determine if the Atlanta area could support a profitable black team.
The Black Crackers dominated play in 1945 and won both halves of the Negro Southern League (NSL) season making any play-off unnecessary.
Being an associate team allowed games played against NSL teams to count for the league team in the standings, without requiring the associate team to play a committed schedule, while still being able to play non-league games.
The Black Crackers were slated to play the 1948 season in the NSL, but no season appears to have been played.
From a young age, he wrote poems, which were noticed by the likes of Léo Ferré, François Mauriac, Georges Brassens, and Jean Rostand.
In fall 2017, he was selected as one of six designers to showcase their SS18 collection during Milan Fashion Week and participate in Vogue Talents x Swarovski Project by creating a special piece with Swarovski crystals.
George Keburia's brand is represented in various boutiques and concept stores, as well as sold online and in pop-up stores across the world.
The film is directed by veteran director Kazi Hayat and co-produced by Shakib Khan and Mohammad Iqbal under the banner of SK Films.
After that, the lead actor of the film Shakib Khan was out of the shooting for almost one and a half month to create the perfect look for the movie.
On 2019 December 25 Shakib Khan was admitted to the LabAid Hospital in Dhaka due to cold fever and gastric problems, then the film was stopped.
On 2019 August 24, newcomer Ariana Zaman was contracted for the side character for the films, it is also her debut film.
Novaculops woodi, the Hawaiian sandy or Wood's wrasse, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses.
This wrasse is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean where it is found in areas of sandy rubble as depths of less than .
The subfamily Allocnemidinae was defined by Dijkstra, et al., in 2014, as a result of a comprehensive phylogenetic study of the damselfy familes.
For a long time, they think they are living the dream of a happy family with their three kids until death comes to life.
The Fourth Transformation refers to Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s (AMLO) 2018 campaign promise to do away with privileged abuses that have plagued Mexico in recent years.
AMLO wants to lower salaries for not only the president but also Cabinet members and high-level bureaucrats, justices of the Supreme Court (SCJN), legislators, and members of independent agencies such as the electoral commission (INE) and the census office (INEGI).
In addition to salaries, AMLO mentions luxury vehicles including airplanes and helicopters; expensive private health insurance in addition to the program for government officials (ISSSTE); expense accounts for bodyguards, gasoline, cell phones, and food; and a lack of transparency.
In a speech given at the end of his campaign for president, Lopez Obrador spelled out what he means by the Fourth Transformation.
He said the security services would be reformed so that no one was spied upon and religion, ideas, and the right to descent would be respected.
He called for an end of corruption and said the law should apply not only to government officials but also to their families.
He insisted that luxuries, such as high salaries for government officials, the presidential airplane and official residence, bodyguards, and presidential pensions should be cut or eliminated.
AMLO also called for increased attention to the needs of rural communities, revitalization of the construction industry, improvements in the energy sector, pensions for elderly Mexicans, free medicine, and improved education with access for all.
They warn that if decision-making depends exclusively on National Regeneration Movement (Morena), the legislature could lose power as it did under the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
They point out that many members of Morena were once members of PRI, which should have a moderating effect on political changes.
After nearly 300 years of Spanish colonization, on the morning of September 16, 1810, Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo called the people of Dolores Hidalgo to take up arms against their Spanish overlords.
Hidalgo took up a banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe After a few battles, Hidalgo had gathered a ragtime, disorganized army of 80,000.
Morelos convened the Congress of Chilpancingo, which declared independence, abolished slavery and the caste system, and declared Catholicism the state religion.
For five years, the insurgents were confined mostly to guerrilla warfare, led by Guadalupe Victoria near Puebla and Vicente Guerrero in the mountains of Oaxaca.
Iturbide, Guerrero, and Victoria marched on Mexico City; on September 27, 1821, they defeated the Spanish and Mexico consolidated its independence.
Iturbide became emperor of the new nation, but three years later he was deposed and a republic was established with Guadalupe Victoria as its first president.
The liberals won the war, but the war left the country weak, and it was soon followed by the French intervention, and the establishment of the Second Mexican Empire with Maximilian I of Austria as emperor (1864-1867).
After an unsuccessful electoral campaign against President and dictator Porfirio Díaz, on November 20, 1910, Francisco I. Madero called the Mexican people to arms.
In 30 years of rule, Diaz had modernized the country and established a growing economy, but he had done so by granting numerous concessions to British and American investors while denying basic liberties to peasant farmers, miners, and workers.
Madero’s moderate reforms were not satisfactory to peasant leaders such as Poncho Villa in the north and Emiliano Zapata in the south.
Madero was overthrown by the army and assassinated in early 1913 by Victoriano Huerta, who after thirteen months of harsh rule and fierce fighting was overthrown and executed.
There were numerous small bands led by local warlords; eventually, many of them gave up while others united under Venustiano Carranza.
Carranza was able to consolidate his power, and on February 5, 1917, he published the Constitution of 1917, which many see as the end of the Mexican Revolution.
A year after the election and seven months since he took office, President López Obrador stated that he had fulfilled 78 of the 100 promises he had made, including ending the Drug War.
He promised to end corruption and admitted that there is still a lot of work to do in questions of the economy, health, and public safety.
The investments are in highways, railways, ports, and airports as well as investments in telecommunications with most of the capital coming from the private sector.
Priority energy projects are the coking plant in Tula, Hidalgo (MXN $40 billion), the refinery in Cadereyta, Nuevo León (MXN $17 billion), and the Pemex Gas Processing Complex to the Mayakán pipeline in Macuspana, Tabasco (MXN $1 billion).
MXN $219 is destined for the port of Topolobampo, Sinaloa and the port in Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán is scheduled to receive MXN $41 million.
Thirty-three projects may begin in 2020 with an investment of MXN $78 billion—other airport investments, railroads, highways, a new hospital for Torreón, Coahuila, and other energy projects.
Fourteen projects worth MXN $21.356 billion (US $14 million), including the expansion of the Cuautitlán-Huehuehuetoca train in the State of Mexico, are planned for 2021.
During the 2018 campaign for president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador opposed the construction of the Mexico City Texcoco Airport (NAIM), the principal infrastructure project of President Enrique Peña Nieto.
He said it would be better to convert the military base of Santa Lucia in Zumpango, State of Mexico, to civilian use.
Ending the Texcoco project was highly controversial so after winning the election Lopez Obrador decided to submit the proposal to the people of Mexico.
The option to convert the Santa Lucia airport to civilian use and to improve the existing Benito Juárez International Airport and Toluca International Airports won with 69.95% of the votes: 748,335 for Santa Lucia and 311,132 in favor of Texcoco.
It will have two runways for civilian use and one for military use and is scheduled to open on March 21, 2022.
The Maya Train project, first proposed in September 2018, is a 1,525-kilometer (948-mile) railroad that will traverse the Yucatán Peninsula in the hopes of boosting tourism and boost the economy in one of the most marginalized areas of the country.
Critics worry about environmental effects, threats to local indigenous cultures, and economic benefits that will include communities that do not have one of the 18 stops along the route.
Another concern is that construction seems to be rushed in the hope of finishing before the end of AMLO's term in 2024.
The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) promises to resist construction of the train, and the Mexico office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (ONU-DH) has criticized the consultation process, saying it fell short of international standards.
Giovanna Gasparello of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) points out that there no studies linking the project and development have been published.
93% of the 100,940 people who voted in the referendum supported the project, but they represent only 2.86% of the 3,526,000 registered voters.
Fuel theft from pipelines owned by Pemex, has been a long-term problem in Mexico, with a loss to the government of between MXN $15 and $20 billion (US $80 to $106 million) every year.
The plan began on December 21, 2018, and involved closing and monitoring pipelines, particularly in the states of Puebla, Guanajuato, Jalisco, and the State of México.
It soon led to fuel shortages in the west and center of the country, despite the dispatch of numerous fuel trucks to supply local gas stations.
A memorial for the victims was built in 2020, and each family effected was granted MXN $15,000 (US $800) in compensation.
He also reminded his audience about the oil refinery that is being built in Dos Bocas, Tabasco, the first new refinery in forty years.
One part of the plan proposes special laws for transitional justice [[Truth Commission for El Salvador|similar to those found in countries that have been at war]].
An [[Amnesty law]] for minor drug offenders continues to be a priority for the [[LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress|2020 legislative session]].
28,741 [[List of countries by intentional homicide rate|intentional homicides]] and 833 [[femicide|femicides]] were committed in the first ten months of the year, (average 95 per day) 706 more than in January-October 2019.
Among the most notorious cases was the ambush-murder of 13 police officers in [[Michoacán|El Aguaje, Michoacán]] by the [[Jalisco New Generation Cartel]] on October 15, 2019.
Two days later, on October 17, the police and National Guard botched an attempted arrest and extradition of [[Ovidio Guzmán López]] of the [[Sinaloa Cartel]] in [[Culiacán]].
Heavily armed men attacked various parts of the city, including an apartment complex housing the relatives of military personnel and the local airport, killing fourteen people before Guzmán López was released by the police.
Three weeks after that, three women and six children, members of the [[LeBarón and Langford families massacre |LeBarón family]], were massacred en route to a wedding in Le Barón, [[Galeana, Chihuahua]], 70 miles south of the U.S.-Mexico border.
Lopez Obrador said on January 29, 2020, that he would oppose any efforts to bring back defamation laws or other efforts to limit [[freedom of the press]].
93% of the 100,940 people who voted in the referendum on the [[Mayan Train|Maya Train]] supported the project, but they represent only 2.86% of the 3,526,000 registered voters.
AMLO's security plan has been severely criticized, especially by the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party (PAN)]], which filed a complaint with the [[Attorney General of Mexico|Attorney General of Mexico (FGR)]] against López Obrador and the [[Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection (Mexico)|Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection]], [[Alfonso Durazo]] after the October 2019 liberation of [[Ovidio Guzmán López]].
A few hundred members of the [[Church of the Firstborn (LeBaron family)|LeBaron family]], [[Margarita Zavala]] (wife of former president [[Felipe Calderón]] and [[2018 Mexican general election|unsuccessful candidate for president in 2018]]), and members of PAN marched in Mexico City against Lopez Obrador's security policies on December 1, 2019.
Stefan Decker is a computer scientist, Full Professor for Database and Information Systems at RWTH Aachen University, and Managing Director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology.
He specializes in the Semantic Web.. As of 25 January 2020, his research reached 21,206 (with h-index of 66 and i10-index of 201) Google Scholar Citations, making him one of the most influential Semantic Web researchers.
He was formerly Professor of Digital Enterprise at the National University of Ireland Galway, and Executive Director of the Digital Enterprise Research Institute, Galway.
Pune 7 Aces (or 7 ACES – Pune) is a franchise badminton team based in Pune that plays in the Premier Badminton League.
Captain David Ropes ( - 1781) was a notable American Privateer from Salem who fought in numerous naval battles during the American Revolution.
On 1 July 1781, Ropes was taken prisoner along with 20 men in a battle with the British HM Frigate Oiseau (Bird), under the command of Captain Henry Lloyd, and carried into St. John’s, Newfoundland.
He fell in with the British brigantine Observer (12 guns, 173 men) off of Halifax, Nova Scotia on June 29, 1782.
The British killed Ropes by the first broadside and then half the crew before the Lieutenant William Gray surrendered the ship.
Mario Rivera Campesino (born 12 August 1977) is a Spanish professional football coach who is the manager of the East Bengal team.
He was at HM Prison Chelmsford from 2009 to 2016 and HM Prison Wayland from then until his appointment as archdeacon.
Smart is known for his video content that he produces by himself, mainly revolving around the area of Alchemy and Counseling.
In spite of growing up in a religious family, during his teenage, Smart found it difficult to believe in one God.
In his journey he carried out many research that includes health, nutrition, astrology, healing, yoga, sexuality, and other subjects as well.
Brisbane Roar eSports is an Australian professional esports organization founded in 2018, and based in the city of Brisbane in Australia.
The South East Asian Table Tennis Championships is a biennial table tennis tournament regarded as a regional championships by International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).
According to the British Geological Survey the earthquake registered a reading of 3.0 on the Richter scale, with its epicentre 6 miles (10 km) beneath Stockton-on-Tees.
According to a seismologist asked by the BBC, earthquakes of this magnitude could be expected in the United Kingdom about three times per year, the most recent previous event occurring in Taunton, Somerset on 5 December 2019.
Fang Zengxian (; 1931 – 3 December 2019) was a Chinese painter and art educator, considered a founder of the Zhe(jiang) style of figure painting.
In July 1949, Fang entered the National Academy of Art (now China Academy of Art) in Hangzhou to study oil painting.
Fang became a faculty member of the guohua department in 1955, and spent three months painting at the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang.
He and Zhou Changgu, also a 1953 graduate of the academy, became its most influential guohua instructors despite their lack of long apprenticeship considered a crucial part of traditional guohua training.
Their style was further developed by their students such as Liu Wenxi, who disseminated it to other parts of the country.
In 1978, Fang was elected a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress, and proposed the rebuilding of the Huang Binhong Museum and the establishment of the Pan Tianshou Museum.
Fang transferred to the Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy in 1983 and became its vice president the following year, serving until 1991.
He held a major personal art exhibition at the Zhejiang Art Museum in 2009 and the National Art Museum of China in 2010.
It defines civil and administrative penalties, as well as the possibility of reductions in penalties for cooperation with law enforcement under a written leniency agreement signed and agreed to between the business and the government.
The law is directed only at juridical persons which includes corporations and other institutions, but not individuals, who are covered by other laws.
The Act has been invoked numerous times, resulting in leniency agreements returning billions of reals to the Brazilian Treasury, notably the agreement with Odebrecht S.A., which by itself was responsible for twelve billion reals.
Criminal liability in Brazil due to acts of corruption applies only to individuals, so there is no possibility of criminal liability for a corporation.
To avoid more serious penalties resulting from corruption investigations, companies may decide to cooperate with the investigation voluntarily, and enter into a as prescribed by the law.
Other advantages to self-disclosure and signing a leniency agreement include exemption from other provisions of the Clean Company Act which otherwise requires publication of the legal decision imposing the fines, a prohibition from receiving grants from public institutions, and restrictions on taking part in bids on public projects.
Provisional Measure 703/2015 made it easier for companies to apply for the benefits of a leniency agreement, and also changed the nature of the benefits.
Under the law, companies are responsible for corruption and can face heavy penalties, a restriction on participation in future bids, confiscation of their assets, suspension of business activity, or dissolution.
Brazilian companies have been involved in corruption investigations in countries outside Brazil, some in collaboration with Brazilian justice, and have paid fines in agreements reached in such procedures.
The most notable such case was the investigation of Brazilian construction corporation Odebrecht carried out by the United States and Switzerland with the cooperation of the Brazilian government.
As a result of the investigation into kickbacks paid to hundreds of politicians, including presidential candidates, as well as to judges on the Supreme Federal Court, Odebrecht agreed to pay a record fine of R$ 6 billion (R$ billion) in a leniency agreement.
Clean Company leniency agreements in Brazil apply exclusively to juridical persons, i.e., corporations or other business entities, but not individuals, and are not the same as plea bargain agreements () which apply only to natural persons, i.e., people.
Individuals accused of involvement in corruption schemes may enter into plea bargains with the Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) on their own.
The list of ship launches in 2020 includes a chronological list of ships launched or scheduled to be launched in 2020.
He made his senior debut on 11 May 2019 in the 32nd round of the 2018–19 Slovenian PrvaLiga, coming on as a late substitute in a match against Krško, which Mura won 3–0.
Laci made his international debut on 21 February 2019, when he played for the Slovenian under-17 team in a 2–1 victory over Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In March 2019, he played the elite round of the qualification for the 2019 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, where Slovenia was eliminated as the bottom of the group after two defeats and a draw.
The date was chosen as it is the birthday of John Hancock, who was the first person to sign the United States Declaration of Independence.
The celebration was established by the Writing Instrument Manufacturers Association (WIMA), formerly the Fountain Pen and Mechanical Pencil Manufacturers Association, in 1977 with the aim to promote the use of pens, pencils, and writing paper.
Adil Kaya (born July 20, 1967) is the German CEO and board member of the international company SIGOS, president of the film festival Turkey Germany in Nuremberg, chairman of the association InterForum - Kunst & Kultur Nürnberg international e.V., film producer and distributor for arthouse films.
The international company offers test systems worldwide for all telecommunications network operators, government agencies as well as enterprise like banks and automobile manufacturers.
Besides the headquarters in Nuremberg, additional SIGOS branches with competence centers are located in Silicon Valley (San Mateo, USA), Ghent (Belgium) and in Singapore.
In 1992 he founded the Turkey Germany Film Festival in Nuremberg with close friends and has been President of the internationally renowned festival since its foundation.
In 2010 Kaya was awarded the Citizen’s Medal of the City of Nuremberg, which has been awarded to Nuremberg citizens since 1960 who have rendered special services to the City of Nuremberg.
The territory was granted to Princess Yuan of Lu as her fief in 193 BC, but was returned to Qi in 179 BC.
Throughout the Western Han dynasty, a total of 53 marquessates was created on the territories of Chengyang and added to the neighboring commanderies.
After the foundation of Jin dynasty, Chengyang was again converted to a kingdom/principality and was successively granted to Sima Zhao (司馬兆), a brother of Emperor Wu of Jin, and later Sima Jing (司馬景) and Sima Xian (司馬憲), two sons of Emperor Wu.
William Alexander Houston Collisson (20 May 1865 – 31 January 1920) was an Anglo-Irish priest, writer, organist, pianist, impresario, and composer, mainly remembered for his long collaboration with Percy French.
Collisson was born in Dublin and graduated from Trinity College Dublin with degrees as Bachelor of Arts (BA, 1887) and Doctor of Music (MusD, 1891).
He was appointed organist in a number of Anglican parishes in Ireland including St Patrick's Cathedral, Trim, County Meath (1882); St Paul's Church, Bray, County Wicklow (1884); in Rathfarnham, Dublin (1885–95); at the Church of the Holy Trinity, Rathmines, Dublin (1886); St Maelrune's, Tallaght, Dublin (1893); and St George's Church, Dublin (1885–98).
Collisson was involved, too, in establishing the Feis Ceoil with Annie Patterson, and he won competitions at the Feis Ceoil a number of times in several composers categories.
He received his bachelor's degree in preventive medicine and master's degree in epidemiology from Nanjing Medical University in 1986 and 1989, respectively.
After one year's study she transferred to Elam School of Fine Arts at the University of Auckland, where she completed a masters of fine art at in 2014.
In 2012 and 2013 she was awarded the NICAI Summer Scholarship and worked with Fiona Jack on the Rosebank Art Walk and with Jim Speers on a project in Shanghai.
In 1869, when John Heaton published 'Heaton's Process for the Treatment of Cast Iron and the Manufacture of Steel', cast iron was a readily available material, but converting it to steel was a slow, expensive, laborious process.
John Heaton formalized a process (specifying sodium nitrate instead of potassium) and designed equipment which made the comingling of the nitrate and the liquid cast iron reliable and repeatable, something that had until then been impractical.
Another English metallurgist, Henry Bessemer had just created the Bessemer process of blowing air or pure oxygen through liquid cast iron to burn off the carbon.
Heaton conducted a long and protracted legal battle with Henry Bessemer who believed that the Heaton Process was included in the Bessemer process through some early patent applications.
It revolves around a man who takes to burglary due to circumstance beyond his control, and his lover who becomes a vigilante after seeing his predicament.
The club enjoyed their most successful season, finishing the regular season in second place and defeating the Easts Tigers 27–20 in the Grand Final to win their first premiership.
After the departure of head coach Anthony Seibold at the end of 2012, the Cutters hired former Melbourne Storm SG Ball Cup coach Kim Williams as his replacement.
The club's biggest off-season recruit was former Australian international and NRL premiership winning-prop Joel Clinton, who was returning to Australia after three seasons with Hull Kingston Rovers.
On 28 April 2013, just hours after a 22–22 draw with the Tweed Heads Seagulls, North Queensland Cowboys contracted hooker Alex Elisala was found unconscious and not breathing after jumping from a hotel balcony.
Despite the tragedy, the Cutters pushed forward and finished the season in second on the ladder, their highest ever finish (as of the 2019 season).
In Week 1 of the finals, they suffered a 18–31 loss to the Easts Tigers before bouncing back to defeat the Ipswich Jets and Northern Pride to qualify for their first Grand Final and set up a rematch with the Tigers.
On 28 September 2013, the Cutters defeated Easts 27–20 in the Grand Final at North Ipswich Reserve to claim their maiden Queensland Cup premiership.
Prop Tyson Andrews was named the club's Player of the Year, while Cowboys contracted players, Sam Hoare and Curtis Rona, were selected for the Queensland Residents side.
The following players contracted to the North Queensland Cowboys played for the Cutters in 2013: Alex Elisala, Kalifa Faifai Loa, Clint Greenshields, Chris Grevsmuhl, Sam Hoare, Rory Kostjasyn, Tyson Martin, Anthony Mitchell, Michael Morgan, Curtis Rona, Zac Santo, Tariq Sims and Jason Taumalolo.
Mackay Cutters' Grand Final winning side: 1 Liam Taylor, 2 Bureta Faraimo, 15 Michael Morgan, 4 Kalifa Faifai Loa, 5 David Milne, 6 Dan Murphy, 7 Matt Minto, 8 Tyson Andrews, 9 Anthony Mitchell, 10 Sam Hoare, 11 Dean Webster, 12 Chris Gesch, 13 Jardine Bobongie (c).
A veteran of the Peninsular War in the Royal Engineers, in later life he took on a wide range of engineering work, including mining in Mexico.
The third son of Robert Vetch of Caponflat, Haddington, East Lothian, and his wife Agnes Sharp, he was born at Haddington on 13 May 1789.
Educated at Haddington and Edinburgh, he entered the Royal Military College, Great Marlow, and in 1805 was transferred to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
He was employed on the trigonometrical survey at Oakingham, Berkshire (1806), until he received a commission as second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 1 July 1807.
After serving for three years, partly at Chatham and partly at Plymouth, he was sent in 1810 to Spain, and joined the division of Sir Thomas Graham at the blockade of Cadiz.
He took part in the battle of Barrosa on 5 March 1811, and was made the bearer of despatches to Gibraltar.
Vetch was then sent to the Barbary Coast, and went on from Tangier to Tetuan to report on the capabilities of the country to furnish engineering supplies.
In March 1812 Vetch left Cadiz for Elvas, sailing up the Guadiana River with a company of sappers and miners to take part in the siege of Badajos.
On the evening of 6 April, when the final assault took place, he made a lodgment with three hundred men in the ravelin of San Roque, and entered Badajos with the victorious army.
From 1814 to 1820 Vetch commanded a company of sappers and miners, first at Spike Island in Cork Harbour, where he was employed on the construction of Fort Westmoreland, and afterwards at Chatham.
In 1821 he was appointed to the ordnance survey, and during this and the two following years, assisted by his friends Thomas Drummond and Robert Kearsley Dawson, both of the Royal Engineers, he carried out the triangulation of the Orkney and Shetland islands and of the western islands of Scotland.
He went to Mexico, and managed the Real del Monte silver mines, associated with John Taylor, and those of Bolaños companies.
He also gave his services to the Anglo-Mexican Mining Association, promoted by John Diston Powles and later to the United-Mexico Mining Association, a rival.
He returned to England in 1829, but again went to Mexico after his marriage in 1832, and remained there until 1835.
During his period in Mexico he constructed roads for the mines, organised systems of transport, and paved the way for later development of Mexican mining operations.
He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1830; previously, in 1818, he had been elected to the Geological Society.
Vetch was resident engineer of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway Company from 1836 to 1840 for the construction of one half of its line.
In 1843 he was associated with Sir Henry Thomas de la Beche in designs for the drainage of Windsor, and in 1844 designed drainage for Windsor Castle and parks and for the purification of the Frogmore lakes; these works were completed in 1847.
After the Duchy of Cornwall Act 1844, Vetch was appointed one of the three commissioners to carry changes in tenancies, John Douglas Cook acting as secretary.
In 1844, 1845, and 1846 Vetch was examined by the Commissioners Upon the Subject of Harbours of Refuges, and at their request wrote a report on wrought iron frameworks in the construction of piers and breakwaters.
In July 1846 Vetch was appointed consulting engineer to the admiralty; in 1847 he was appointed a member of the new harbour conservancy board at the admiralty, the other members being John Washington and Charles Bethune of the Royal Navy Washington was withdrawn from the board in 1849, and in 1853 Vetch was appointed sole conservator of harbours.
In 1849 he was appointed one of the metropolitan commissioners of sewers, an honorary office which he held for four years.
In the same year he proposed an extended water supply for the London metropolis, and in 1850 designed a system of drainage for Southwark.
In 1858–9 he was a member of the royal commission on harbours of refuge, of which Admiral Sir James Hope was chairman.
Vetch retired from the Admiralty in 1863; his office of conservator was then abolished and the duties transferred to the Board of Trade.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in 1830, an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1839, a member of the Société Française de Statistique Universelle in 1852, and was a member of other learned bodies.
Reports were published by Vetch between 1847 and 1859 on the following harbours: Ramsgate, the Tyne, Cork, Wexford, the Isle of Man, Holyhead, Port Patrick, and Donaghadee, Galway, Portsmouth, Table Bay, Port Natal, Point de Galle.
Feeling the want of a good map of Mexico, Vetch accumulated astronomical and barometrical observations while there, measured several short base-lines, and triangulated a large tract of country.
Here Dev and Piyali are the main characters in this film, they love each other but they are confused regarding their marriage.
So both of them decided to carry on an experiment, which will prove that they love each other and they can't live without each other.
She studied art at Herkomer School in Bushey; she also studied anatomy at the London Veterinary College and took lessons from animal painters William Frank Calderon and Stanhope Forbes.
By the time he was 17 years old he was adding his vocals to his fathers band while playing the drums.
At the time, Lowry was appearing at Mr Lucky's which was Sikora's large night club on the west side of Phoenix.
The following day he was to head off to Nashville to record an album with a new single, possibly a composition by Harry Goodman the brother of Benny.
Also in May, Lowry was appearing at the Golden Nugget in Las Vegas where Johnny Western, Chuck Jennings and The Mojos were also appearing.
In 1988, and playing drums, Lowry was part of an ensemble organized by Dallas West which included Leon Baulangcr on fiddle, Dave Musgrave on steel guitar, Ron Lowry, Ted Kowal on bass and Dan Riggs on lead guitar.
In May 2001 he and Rags Allen as The Rags Allen and Ron Lowry Duo were playing at the Backstage Bistro Bar every Thursday to Saturday.
Republic of Philippines v. Pimentel, , is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which clarified the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as regards money damages sought by a foreign government, the Republic of the Philippines, via its Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG).
The case stemmed out of disputes surrounding one of the overseas investments and bank accounts of Ferdinand Marcos, Arelma S.A.. Marcos was President of the Philippines until being overthrown in the People Power Revolution.
As early as 1986, the account of Arelma S.A. was targeted by the PCGG as being ill-gotten money of the Marcos regime.
Arelma S.A. owned assets both in Switzerland and in the US in the custody of Merrill Lynch & Co.; these assets were frozen in 1990.
The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland ruled in 1997 that the funds owned by Arelma S.A. were the property of the Republic of the Philippines, and remitted them to the Republic, with certain conditions, in 1998.
The Pimentel class sought to compel Merrill Lynch & Co. to release the assets they held on behalf of Arelma S.A. to them.
Various creditors, including the Republic, also sought the same assets, arguing that as the crimes occurred in the Philippines and all victims were Filipino, Philippine courts (in this case, the Sandiganbayan) ought to disburse the funds according to Philippine law, which in the case of graft, provides that the funds rightly belong to the state.
Merill Lynch, unsure who to release the assets to, filed an interpleader action asking that all of the lawsuits which make claims against the Arelma assets be consolidated into one action.
The Republic, however, felt that it should not have to argue its case in court; that is to say, the Republic, being a foreign sovereign, did not feel that it could submit to a US court in this instance for a ruling.
Swift, on the other hand, argued that the Republic had no right to appeal; when they invoked their right to sovereign immunity, they were not a party to the lower court's judgment, and only parties may appeal.
Instead, Justice Souter argued that the Court should have ruled that the District Court's judgment be vacated and a stay placed until the Sandiganbayan rules with finality on whether or not the Republic owns the assets in question.
The practical effect of the decision was a prioritizing of the Republic's claims to assets over those of human rights victims.
As a result of the ruling, all assets ruled by the Sandiganbayan to be ill-gotten gains of Ferdinand Marcos became the property of the sovereign Republic of the Philippines, even those held by US companies.
In 2009, the Sandiganbayan finally ruled that the Arelma assets were, indeed, the Republic's property—this ruling was upheld twice by the Supreme Court of the Philippines; first in 2012, and then without possibility of further appeal in 2014.
Despite the ruling of the US Supreme Court, the Pimentel class has continued to try to get the Arelma assets in state court, where the Republic has continued to claim sovereign immunity.
As noted by Richard J. Leon, Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, after the 2012 ruling, the money was finally turned over by Merill Lynch to New York City's Commissioner of Finance, who held the money between 2012 and 2017, as the Pimentel class continued to fight the forfeiture in favor of the Republic.
Judge Leon ordered the case to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, where the Republic has continued to fight for the funds.
Kelab Sukan dan Rekreasi Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Football Club or simply known as the KSR SAINS is a Malaysian amateur club based in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.
Lomagramma is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
He made his debut against Eusébio's Portugal in a 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification match, scoring Romania's final goal in a 2–0 home victory.
The larger ghurab had 2 guns pointing fore (bow-chaser) and 15 on the each side, with the total of 32 guns.
The dimension is as follows: 300 ft (91.4 m) long, 30 ft (9.1 m) wide, 20 ft (6.1 m) depth, 11 ft (3.4 m) freeboard.
Until early 16th century main merchant and warship of the Javanese was the jong, but since the mid-16th century the maritime forces of the archipelago began to use new types of agile naval vessels that could be equipped with larger cannons: In various attacks on Portuguese Malacca after the defeat of Pati Unus, they no longer used jong, but used lancaran, ghurab and ghali.
Genizah letters mentions about cargo ghurābs that sailed from the Maghrib and Sicily as well as those operating on the Nile, carrying shipments of carob and flax.
Indian ocean ghurāb, which often appears in the records of 17th century was native Arab-Persian and Indian cargo, pirate, and war vessels.
Bandar bin Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Saud (; 1924 – 21 January 2020), was a Saudi prince as member of House of Saud, son of Muhammad bin Abdul-Rahman, nephew of Ibn Saud and cousin of current monarch Salman of Saudi Arabia.
The Royal Court announced his death on 21 January 2020 at the age of 95 and his funeral was held the same day at Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque in Riyad.
On August 11, He made his debut in the Ligue 1 against Olympique de Médéa as a starter and scored his first goal in 4–2 away victory.
Touré finished the season with five goals from 28 games, just like last season MO Béjaïa fell to the second division so that he had to search for another club because the law prohibits foreign players from playing in the second division.
He made his debut for the team against USM Alger as a substitute Later in the next round played his first match as a starter against MC Oran in 1–1 draw.
Then he waited until round 13 to score his first goal, where he scored a double against AS Aïn M'lila On December 26, followed by another double, this time in the Algerian Cup against AB Chelghoum Laïd in 5–1 victory.
In 2015, Touré was part of the Mali under-20 national team at the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand.
where he participated in six matches In the first match against Mexico, he took part as a starter in 2–0 victory However, the rest of the matches he completed as a substitute to finish the World Cup with his national team in third place.
She was a founder and a president of the New South Wales Housewives' Association, as well as a president of the Federal Association of Australian Housewives.
The Portia Geach Memorial Award, established by a legacy from Geach's sister, is Australia's most significant prize for Australian female portrait artists.
Portia Geach was born on 24 December 1873 and became the fifth surviving child of Cornish parents Edwin Geach, warehouseman and draper, and his wife Catherine, née Greenwood.
Additionally Geach studied stained glass at the London School of Arts and Crafts, as well as at the Académie Julian in Paris.
Starting from 1922 Geach lived in the family house at Cremorne Point in Sydney, until she moved with her sister Florence Katherine to an apartment of the Astor Flats in Macquarie Street in Sydney.
In 1917 Geach attended the Housewives Association's meeting in New York and became convinced that a similar organisation was necessary in Australia.
The Association's aim was to educate women in the principles of proper nutrition and to help them to resist profiteering and rising food prices.
In 1925 Geach, as an active representative of the National Council of Women of New South Wales committee, became a delegate to the International Council of Women's conference in Washington.
Geach campaigned on behalf of women's rights, such as equal pay, the right to hold public office, as well as price and quality control for everyday domestic life.
In 1941, as a result of rivalry with Glencross, Geach and four others, who alleged that the association cooperated with the Meadow-Lea Margarine Co. Pty Ltd, were expelled from the association.
In 1893 she painted the portrait of her father Edwin Geach, which is now in the collection of The Tweed River Art Gallery.
After Geach's death her estate was left to her sister Florence Kate, who died in 1962 and provided in her will for an annual prize of £1000 for a portrait by a woman artist.
The Portia Geach Memorial Award is considered the most significant prize for celebrating the creativity of female portrait artists in Australia.
Ernst Henke (* 1 September 1881 in Mülheim an der Ruhr; † 20 February 1974 in Essen) was a German lawyer and company manager.
Henke, son of a grammar school director, attended grammar school in Barmen and Bremen, studied law and, after passing the assessor examination in 1909, became a legal adviser to Hugo Stinnes.
From 1912 to 1945, he was director and legal director of Rheinisch-Westfälische Elektrizitätswerke AG (RWE), of which Stinnes was the main shareholder at the time.
Furthermore, he was a member of the Supervisory Board of RWE until 1962, Elektrizitäts-AG formerly W. Lahmeyer & Co., Main-Kraftwerke AG, Roddergrube AG and also Westdeutsche Elektrizitätswirtschafts-AG.
He was a member of the board of the Reich Association of German Industry, chairman of the specialist group of electrical, gas and water works in Germany and chairman of the Vereinigung der Elektrizitätswerke and member of the Vorläufiger Reichswirtschaftsrat (VRWiR).
Among them were Caspar David Friedrich's Wanderer above the Sea of Fog and Sonnenuntergang hinter der Dresdener Hofkirche and paintings by Emil Nolde and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.
Prior to his appointment at the Supreme Court of Ghana, he had served in various capacities in the Judiciary of Ghana.
He begun schooling at the Wenchi West Primary School for his primary education and proceeded to the Bekwai Methodist Middle School for his Middle School Leaving Certificate.
He was in Prempeh College in 1965 but was unable to complete his studies for his Ordinary-Level ('O'-Level) certificate due to financial constraints.
In 1977, he entered the University of Ghana to study Law and Political Science and graduated in 1980 with his bachelor of arts degree in Law and Political Science.
He taugh in a number of schools including Droboso L/A Middle School and Frema L/A Middle School from 1971 to 1977.
Appau became the Regional Coordinator of the then Students and Youth Task Force in the Northern Region after he was called to the bar in 1982.
On 1 September 1991, he was appointed a District Magistrate Grade 1 at the Sekondi District Magistrate Court (the court functioned as a Family Tribunal and a Juvenile Court).
Four years later, he was promoted Justice of the High Court and later posted to the Ashanti Region to serve as the supervising High Court Judge of the region.
While serving in that capacity, he was appointed on 8 October 2012 as the Sole Commissioner of the Commission of Inquiry to look into Judgment Debts and other matters.
He holds membership in associations locally and internationally, some of which include; the Association of Magistrates and Judges of Ghana (AMJG).
Millennium Campus Network (MCN) is a Boston-based organisation global non-profit convening and training 21st century social impact leaders which was founded in 2007.
Schittny first studied fashion design at the University of the Arts in Bremen, then he shifted the focus of his studies to photography.
Three years later, a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) enabled him to complete a Master's degree in Fine Art at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London.
Starting in 2010, he devoted himself to the topic of power, especially the abuse of power in wartime politics and the resulting influence on society.
In continuation, his work went beyond the family history to pieces about war and power also reflecting recent events and societal phenomenon.
In the execution he also uses the following tools and media beside the prioritized photography: video, sound, performance, installations, lyric-based emboss and photo pieces.
Huai'an railway station is a railway station of Zhangjiakou–Hohhot high-speed railway and located in the town of , Huai'an, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China, opening on December 30, 2019.
Despite the United States never becoming an official member of the League of Nations, American individuals and organizations interacted with the League throughout its existence.
The American President, Woodrow Wilson, was involved in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 at the conclusion of World War I.
At this conference, Wilson played a key role along with other powers in fashioning the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
His ideas surrounding a postwar world order were earlier expressed in his Fourteen Points, and these were discussed in the series of discussions held.
One of the key features of the agreement that Wilson campaigned for was the establishment of a international body which would work to maintain the political freedom and independence of nations all around the world.
Despite Woodrow Wilson chairing the committee which drafted the Treaty of Versailles Covenant, America voted against becoming official members of the League of Nations in 1919.
Historians have explored a variety of reasons as to why exactly the Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles, naming the hostility between President Wilson and Republican senator, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Wilson's declining health as key explanations.
Furthermore, the United States would never become a member of the League of Nations, as a two-thirds majority was never granted in the Senate.
A notable American organisation involved with the League of Nations was the Rockefeller Foundation, as many of its goals and aspirations were similar to those of the League.
Debates surrounding the United States' policy of isolationism in international affairs during the 1920s and 1930s have been held since contemporary politicians were making these decisions.
However, according to Thompson, it was the Manchurian Crisis of 1931-1932 that made Secretary of State, Henry L. Stimson support the position that isolationism was no longer an option for the United States.
Despite the American emphasize on their individuality from the League of Nations, a commission of inquiry sent to Japan in February 1932 was representative of the great powers, including the United States.
The American absence in the League of Nations did not prevent the nation from becoming an official member of the United Nations, formed at the conclusion of the Second World War.
The United States was one of five permanent members of the Supreme Council, with the other four countries the USSR, France, Nationalist China, and Britain.
The membership of the United States and the USSR in the United Nations is a key difference between the post-World War II international organization and the League of Nations.
The Days () is a novelized autobiography in three volumes by the Egyptian professor Taha Hussein, published between 1926 and 1967.
It covers the author's childhood, with themes of the ignorance prevalent in rural Egypt and the customs practiced at that time, and provides a detailed description of traditional Islamic education.
There are many references to the art of listening and descriptive details about the way things smell or feel, as Hussein subtly reveals that he has gone blind.
It covers the time from his entrance into Al-Azhar to his entrance into Cairo University, focusing on his rebellion against his teachers and the traditions of Al-Azhar.
It is about the author's time at Cairo University, then his studies in France, where he obtained a doctorate degree, and finally his return to Egypt, where he became a professor.
The stylistic techniques employed by Hussein, especially the ironic dialogue between the narrator and the Hussein's childhood self, had a significant impact on the development of the Arabic novel.
The Montagne de l'Épaule (English: Mountain of the Shoulder) peaks at in Jacques-Cartier National Park, in the municipality of Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury , in La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The Montagne de l'Épaule is wedged between the Jacques-Cartier River which flows on the west side and the Rivière à l'Épaule which is on the east side.
A hiking trail designated L'Éperon stretching over bypasses the Mountain de l'Épaule to reach its summit which culminates at of altitude.
This trail begins at km 3, one of the first trails near the entrance to the Jacques-Cartier National Park which is located at 103 chemin du Parc-National in Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury.
In the past, the Rivière à l'Épaule and the Jacques-Cartier River were used to float the logs to the sawmills downstream.
Luther C. Dodge (September 7, 1821-February 3, 1901) was a businessman, politician, and government official who was active in Vermont and California.
He was educated in Montpelier and farmed until 1841, when he moved to Burlington, Vermont to become a clerk in the J.
In September 1855, Dodge moved to San Francisco, California, where he was a partner with his brother Henry L. Dodge and others in a wholesale mercantile business.
In addition to his banking career, Dodge was involved with several Burlington civic causes, including serving as an officer of the Young Men's Association, a captain in a volunteer fire company, and a member of the city's Board of Trade.
Among the highlights of Dodge's term was presiding over the dedication of a statue of Ethan Allen, which was placed at Burlington's Greenmount Cemetery in July 1873.
In April 1877, Dodge returned to San Francisco, where he was a partner with E. W. Forsaith in the Forsaith & Dodge wholesale mercantile business.
Dodge sold his share of the business in 1882 and moved to Idaho, where he was a partner with his brothers Omri and Nathan in a lumber business that manufactured sashes, doors, and other building materials.
In 1883 the lumber mill, factory, and a large stock of raw lumber, glass, and finished wood products were destroyed by fire.
Between 1884 and 1890, he was employed by several businesses, including superintendent of the Coos Bay Stave and Lumber Company and superintendent of Pacific Woodenware and Cooperage.
In March 1890, Dodge was appointed cashier in the office of the U.S. Internal Revenue Collector for San Francisco, a position he held until the late 1890s.
George Dodge (1850-1925) was a graduate of the University of Vermont who became a well-known railroad construction engineer and surveyor in California.
The Minister of Consumer Affairs was a minister in the government of New Zealand with the responsibilities including corporate law and governance, financial markets, competition policy, consumer policy, protecting intellectual property, and trade policy and international regulatory cooperation, most of which is now administered by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
The Glenriddell Manuscripts is an extensive collection written in holograph by Robert Burns and an amanuensis of his letters, poems and a few songs in two volumes produced for his then friend Captain Robert Riddell, Laird of what is now Friars Carse in the Nith Valley, Dumfries and Galloway.
The first volume of poems and songs was completed by April 1791 and was presented to Robert Riddell, however their friendship ceased due to the unfortunate 'The Rape of the Sabine Women' incident and Robert Riddell died shortly after before any reconciliation could take place.
The first volume is partly in Burns's hand with an amanuensis contributing much of the text in a far neater hand than the author himself.
Burns went to considerable efforts to get the first volume returned after Robert Riddell's death on 20 April 1794 and added extra material once it was back in his hands.
After Burns's death the manuscripts were put into the hands of James Currie at Liverpool, his biographer, however they were not automaticaly returned to the Burns family after his biography of Burns was published and he died before he could publish an improved biography.
In 1853 when William died his widow, without permission, offered them to a private gentlemen's club known as the Liverpool Athenaeum where they resided, forgotten in a box for circa twenty years, until in 1873 Mr. Henry A.
The club eventually decided to sell the manuscripts in what is likely to have been an illegal transaction, despite vociferous objections and the establishment of a 'Scots Committee' under the chairmanship of Lord Rosebery who intended to take action in the courts.
The Liverpool Athenaeum added 'insult to injury' by revealing that they would use the proceeds of the sale to establish a 'Currie Memorial Fund'.
Miss Annie Burns Burns of Cheltenham, the poet's only surviving grandchild, was appointed the Executrix Dative of Robert Burns with a strong legal case for the manuscripts return to the family, however the Liverpool Athenaeum refused.
J. W. Hornstein, a London bookdealer, purchased the manuscripts for £5000 by private treaty from Sotheby's and sold them to an American client, who was not however as is sometimes stated, J. Pierpoint Morgan.
In late 1913 the businessman and antiquarian collector John Gribbel was approached with a view to a sale to him of the Glenriddell Manuscripts.
On 21 November 1913 John Gribbel purchased the Glenriddell Manuscripts and on the same day notified Lord Rosebery, Chairman of the Scots Committee, that he intended them to be a gift to the Scottish people in perpetuity and they were one of the first significant donations to the newly created National Library of Scotland.
His donation of the Glenriddell Manuscripts to the National Library of Scotland on behalf of the people of Scotland was his best known act of philanthropy.
The first volume held an introduction signed by John Gribbel in holograph; the letter from the Scots Committee; a letter from the printer confirming the destruction of the plates; a copy of the Deed of Trust and at the end of the first volume a facsimile of the letter from the widow of William Wallace Currie offering the manuscripts to the Liverpool Athenaeum.
After the cessation of hostilities John Gribbel and his family visited Scotland in the summer of 1920 and they were the honoured guests at several celebratory meals as well as being given an accompanied tour of many of the Burns related sites in Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway.
An addition to the story is that he visited the Kilmaurs teacher, Dr Duncan McNaught, who had been on the 'Scots Committee', was instrumental in the founding of what became the Robert Burns World Federation and was for over thirty years the editor of the 'Burns Chronicle'.
Duncan was acknowledged as one of the world's greatest experts on Robert Burns and had put together what John Gribbel regarded as being the greatest collection of Burnsiana, artifacts with over 600 publications, owning no less that two copies of the Kilmarnock Edition, an uncut example of his having alone been valued at £1000 in circa 1920.
One copy of his Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect's is now held by Cornell University and the second is at the University of Delaware.
Egerer however records fifty-seven and twenty-seven possibly as a result of Burns's having also added extra stanzas or updates that have sometimes been counted as free standing poems.
The autobiographical letter to Dr Moore was also included in the first volume, written almost entirely in the hand of the unnamed amanuensis.
Burns added various footnotes throughout the work, such as the detailed notes where he disowns the spelling, punctuation, incorrect titles, etc.
in the Dr Moore letter.Burns mentions that the amanuensis was a clergyman whilst chiding him for the errors he had made.
The pages have been numbered with the number placed in the centre of the top of the page and bracketed on the amanuenis's work and unbracketed on the top right or left of the page on those with Burns's writing, but not always on the fore-edge side.
On page 164, in a new hand, is a contents page that lists the categories of the works, their length in pages used and the identity of the writer as 'Burns' or 'Amanuensis'.
In Volume 2 the first six pages are blank although numbered an throughout all 103 pages Burns placed the bracketed page number at the top centre.
The page opposite Mrs Currie's letter is covered with mainly crossed out numbers that may relate to the 'calculations' for the aforementioned 'Contents' page.
John Beugo's portrait of Burns is included in both volumes of the work, known as such because he engraved the copper plate required for the printing process.
Alexander Nasmyth was a landscape painter and was a reluctant portrait painter, however he met with Burns and they became friends, resulting in Nasmyth producing a portrait which he never fully completed due to his concern over spoiling what he had already achieved.
In 2008, at age seventy-four, she set the masters W75 marathon world record with a time of 4:08:31. , she has participated in seventeen New York City Marathons, where she at times has been the oldest woman to participate.
She attributes her fitness despite her age to the practice of running ten miles a day along Howard Beach where she currently resides.
She married a member of the Canadian Air Force and moved to Canada, then later to New York, where she became an American citizen.
Bedard participated in her first New York City marathon in 2002, and according to the New York Road Runners ran in over 350 races, including 44 half-marathons and 20 marathons.
This species is present in part of Central and Southern Europe (Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland) and in North Africa.
Little League Football is a UK charity that promotes free-of-charge Association football to children through a network of local little leagues, acting as an 'umbrella' organisation.
Following visits to the USA he was inspired by the Little League Baseball concept of free-of-charge children's sport in teams chosen to balance ability and encourage participation and he decided to apply the principles to children's football.
The principle of not charging for participation has encouraged a community-based structure but raising adequate funds to maintain operation can be a challenge.
It took place in Albania in 10 January 2020 and the profits gathered from these meetings went to those affected by 2019 Albania earthquake.
The 4 men's national veteran's teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of over 11 players, including one or two goalkeepers.
She was their companion and teacher and she would send whole days when the only language to be spoken was French.
Laigle noticed that de Pizan's work had not been translated into Spanish but other writers had borrowed extensively from her work.
In the process three faces evolve, one looking left, one looking right and one looking out of the canvas with two tear shaped eyes.
Produced shortly after Klee was branded a degenerate artist by the ruling Nazi party in 1933, with the subsequent loss of his position in Germany and an enforced move to Switzerland, the picture appears to represent his disillusionment.
Siosifa Lisala (born 2 February 1994 in Tonga) is an Tongan born Japanese rugby union player who plays for the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby.
Hindu Temple of Siouxland(HTOS} is a Hindu Temple located in Tea, South Dakota serving the Sioux Falls Metropolitan Area and the surrounding regions.
The temple cost 585,000 dollars to build and serves the 400 Hindu families in South DakotaThe Hindu Temple opened in October 14th 2018 and celebrated Navaratri.
Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbakov (1909–1985) was a Russian economist and politician, Rector (director) of the Moscow Institute of Finance (1953–1985), PhD in Economics, professor, member of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 3rd convocation (1950–1954).
From 1935 to 1938 he served at the Department of Political Economy, and since 1938 – as Associate Professor at the Kharkov Polytechnic Institute.
Since 1939 he served as a political worker – Secretary of the Kharkov Regional Committee of the Komsomol, then as Deputy Head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Komsomol Central Committee in Moscow.
From 1943 to 1946 he served as Deputy Head of the Personnel Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
From March 1946 to June 1947 – Chairman of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.
In August 1953, he became Director, later Rector of the Moscow Institute of Finance (now Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation) and headed the University until his death in 1985.
Australia A Women toured India to play 3-match List-A series and 3-match T20 series against India A Women in October 2018.
Following the cancellation of India women's tour of west Indies, India announced the World T20 squad for the T20 series due to lack of practice games.
A book of speculative fiction about the Middle East following the fall of modern Israel, the book was first self-published on Amazon in 2012, and later re-released by Evolved Publishing in 2016.
The story takes place after an intense earthquake leaves Israel defenseless and paves the way for her opponents to attack and conquer.
Daniel, the main character, is living in the wreckage of his house when George, an old acquaintance from the USA, enrolls him on a secret mission involving Daniel’s expertise as a biologist.
Vanesa, the protagonist and an Israeli descendant of Holocaust survivors, carries out an inquiry to understand her father’s and grandfather’s actions during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and thereafter.
released in 2016, was narrated by Mark Deakins – who has performed books by authors like John Grisham, Gillian Flynn, Jodi Picoult and Margaret Atwood.
A novel of historical fiction, released in 2019 by Evolved Publishing, the book tells the story of the Katz brothers, prior and during World War II.
Kyle Warren (born 1 February 1973) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s.
He played for the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League and for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League.
In 1996, he represented the Queensland Residents and started at fullback in the Clydesdales' 8–6 1996 Queensland Cup Grand Final win over the Redcliffe Dolphins.
In 1997, Warren joined the North Queensland Cowboys, making his first grade debut in the side's 24–16 win over the Adelaide Rams at Stockland Stadium.
Warren became a regular in the Cowboys' side during his five seasons at the club, playing 87 games and scoring 26 tries.
In 1381 CE, after Timur invaded Iran, Mir Syed Ali Hamdani, an Iranian Sufi arrived in Kashmir with a large number of disciples and preached Islam.
Shi'ism was properly introduced by Mir Shams-ud Din Iraqi whose grandfather Syed Muhammad Noor Bakhsh belonged to the Sufi order of Mir Syed Ali Hamdani and had huge following base in Iran, Qandhar, Kabul and Kashmir.
In 1505 CE, the King of the Shah Mir Dynasty converted to Shi'ism and so did the Chak clan of Kashmir.
Mir Shams-ud Din Iraqi traveled in the valleys of Himalayas and spread Shi'ism from Skardu to Tibet, converting thousands of Hindus and Buddhists to Shi'ism.
In 1753 CE Kashmir got conquered by Ahmad Shah Abdali, whose descendants ruled over Kashmir untill they lost it to Sikhs in 1819 CE.
The Kashmir valley came under the Dogra rule with the treaty of Amritsar signed between the British and Maharajah Gulab Singh of Jammu in 1846.
found chiefly at Zadibal, about two koss to the north of Srinagar, at Nandapor and Hassanabad, near to the city lake.
Though so few in number, the men of this sect form the most active, industrious, and well-to-do portion of the Mohamedan community.
In 1532 CE, Sultan Said Khan dispatched an army under the command of Mirza Haider Dughlat that attacked Kashmir from Kashgar.
He returned in 1540 CE, accompanied by Mughal troops, at the invitation of one of the two rival factions that continually fought for power in Kashmir.
In 1550 CE, on the recommendation of fanatic Sunni elites Edi Reinah and Haji Banday and clerics Qazi Ibrahim and Qazi Abdul Ghafoor, he destroyed the Shia neighborhoods, dug the grave of Mir Shams-ud Din Iraqi and burnt his corpse, and killed hundreds of Shias including Mir Danial, the son of Mir Shams-ud Din Iraqi.
This sparked an all-out Shia uprising and Dughlat was assassinated by the end of the same year and the Chak rule was restored.
When the Chak troops went outside to face the Mughal army, Sunni rebels set the Shia neighborhood of Zadibal on fire, looted their belongings and raped the Shia women.
In 1636 CE, while people were picking fruits, an argument started between a Shia and a Sunni and it escalated to an all-out attack on the Shia neighborhoods.
The Shia neighborhood of Zadibal was destroyed, inhabitants slaughtered, and the tomb of Mir Shams-ud Din Iraqi was burnt to the ground.
In 1686 CE, the fourth Taraaj started with a financial matter between a Shia businessman Abdul Shakoor and a Sunni fanatic.
The governor Ibrahim Khan offered him security and tried to control the situation, but the Sunni clerics managed to bring in millitias of Sunni Pashtun tribesmen from as far as Kabul, led by Alaf Khan, Farid Khan and Mirza Muqim, etc.
This affair led to riots, the fanatics among the Sunnis started to attack Hindu properties, and police had to use force to protect them.
The supporters of Mulla, led by his son Sharaf-ud Din, attacked the Shia neighborhood of Zadibal, and set it on fire.
Some women and children tried to hide in the tomb of Mir Shams-ud Din Iraqi, but when the Sunni mob reached there, the tomb was set on fire and those hiding inside were burnt alive.
Since the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb, the Shias were supposed to provide the new carpets every year for Jamia Masjid, Srinagar.
In 1872 CE, during the yearly gathering (Urs) at the Shrine of a Sunni sufi saint Syed Muhammad Madani, the Sunnis demolished parts of the Shia mosque nearby.
The Shias fled in every direction, some seeking safety on the adjacent mountains, while others remained in the city in secret lurking places.
Many of the women and children of the Shias found an asylum from the hands of their infuriated co-religionists in the houses of the Hindu portion of the community.
The Mont Andante culminates at in the western part of Jacques-Cartier National Park, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
To reach it from the entrance to the park, it is necessary to take the Chemin du Parc-National until km 30 where a parking lot is provided.
From there, hikers cross the bridge on the other side of the road and follow the directions for Le Scotora trail.
This stony path is under forest cover and runs along a stream in the valley where the beavers have built dikes.
Formerly, this segment of the historic path was taken by the Amerindians and the Jesuit missionaries to walk from Quebec to their mission of Métabetchouane at lac Saint-Jean, where a fur trading post, established in 1676, was closed in 1703.
In 1989, the Commission de toponymie du Québec designated three mountains in the Jacques-Cartier National Park by the names Adagio, Allegro and Andante.
Of Italian origin, these three words correspond to three types of movements (adagio, slow; allegro, lively; andante, moderate) that one meets in classical music (symphony, concerto, sonata, etc.).
Félix Leclerc's collection of stories Adagio was published in 1943, as well as the fables and poems contained in Allegro and Andante, published in 1944.
These literary works reveal the poet's great love for nature and his deep respect for peasant morality , always steeped in the rhythm of the seasons and the needs of the land.
Félix Leclerc sang for the first time on the radio in 1939, did theater, notably with the Compagnons de Saint-Laurent, between 1943 and 1945, and founded, with others, the VLM theater troupe in 1948.
It's source has been disputed in the past although it is now accepted that the river originates in the West Rand of Gauteng in between Krugersdorp and Randfontein, at Tudor Dam, which was initially used as a storage dam for Luiperdsvlei Gold Plant.
In the past the river received a majority of it's water from karst springs along its course, the river flows through one of the richest gold producing areas in the world, which lead to the dolomitic compartments which fed the river being dewatered to make way for mining activities, this led to the drying up of the karst springs that fed the river.
The river owes its name to the number of karst springs observed along its course by the early settlers in the area.
Emile Holub wrote about the pristine beauty of the area along the river and its magnificent karst features including the river disappearing into the ground and reappearing kilometers down stream and isolated deep crystal clear pools up to 150ft deep with no apparent inlet or outlet within the vicinity of the river.
The rivers natural source is unknown, its current source is at Tudor dam which gets its water from underground pumping and urban runoff, it's heavily criticised for heavy metals and pollution in the water, from there it flows into Lancaster Dam, which has been drained as a result of the toxic water, it was once a popular recreational destination before draining.
The river currently has 6 impoundments along it's course, they include Donaldson dam Top and Bottom lakes, Abe Bailey dam and 3 small farm dams west of Welverdiend.
Abe Bailey is rich in biodiversity and is a very popular amongst bird watching enthusiast, it runs through Abe Bailey Nature Reserve which results in the nature reserve being well known for ot's world class bird watching.
Predators include brown hyena, caracal, black-backed jackal, african wild cat, aardwolf, cape fox, yellow and slender mongoose, suricate, honey badger, striped weasel, striped polecat, southern african hedgehog, small and large spotted genet, and cape clawless otter.
Other mammals include cape porcupine, cape pangolin, aardvark, ground squirrel, vervet monkey, lesser bushbaby, rock hyrax and numerous different small rodents.
Notable reptiles and amphibians are nile water and rock monitors, transvaal girdled lizard, african rock python (specimens of over 6m have been recorded), rinkhals, puff-adder, mole snake, boomslang and african bullfrog.
Úna-Minh Kavanagh was born in Vietnam in 1991 and three days later adopted in Hanoi by Nóirín Kavanagh, a primary school teacher from Tralee, Country Kerry.
Kavanagh was raised there with her mother and grandfather Paddy Kavanagh where she learned to speak Irish as her first language.
Kavanagh created a blog about travelling with her mother and has since also written a book about growing up as an Irish speaking person overcoming loss and racism as well as her love of the language.
Dawson was educated at the University of Wales, the University of the West of England and the University of Exeter.. She was formerly a social worker then a teacher.
Dawson was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 2008 and as a priest in 2009.She served his title at Thorverton between 2008 and 2010.
The 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier Group A is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between March and July 2021.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 mens' matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
The 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier Group B is scheduled to be a tournament played as part of qualification process for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, between March and July 2021.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 mens' matches played between member sides from 1 January 2019 onwards.
808s & Heartbreaks was one of my favourites from him, it was the perfect introduction for me to think about hip hop in a different way and play around with it.
7 December 2015 was a new cooperation project launched which Lena IF, Skreia IL, Kapp IF and Lensbygda SK committed to.
Banda Deul is an 11th century temple in Banda village (also called Deulghera) in the Raghunathpur II CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Adrish Bardhan, a science fiction enthusiast and writer, established that the structure of the Banda deul was vandalised by the soldiers of Firuz Shah Tughlaq in 1360.
According to the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal the old temple at Banda is a monument of national importance.
Her artworks, spanning painting, mixed media works, sculpture and installations, have been widely exhibited internationally, and were featured in the press and print publications worldwide.
Sehnaoui, who was born in Beirut and received received her academic training in history, sociology, film, and the fine arts, is a pioneer of large-scale ephemeral public art installations in Lebanon and the Middle East.
Active since the early nineteen-nineties, she has been a part of shaping the postwar Lebanese artistic scene through artworks that seek to provoke a discussion around issues surrounding the memory of wars, in particular the 1975-1990 Lebanese Civil War.
She has denounced the personal and collective amnesia surrounding this conflict, as well as Lebanon's physical and political fragmentation that followed it.
Her works not only underscore the imperative of reflecting on the multiple memories of that war but also on the processes and necessity of national reconciliation.
She questions the writing of History and the construction of identity, in the Arab world and beyond, and continuously asks for reflection and rebellion against the status quo.
Sehnaoui's paintings, sculptures, and installations are characteristically time- and labor-intensive, drawing a parallel between her artistic process and the time necessary to process memory.
She is known for her recurrent use of repetition as a stylistic and meaning-breeding effect, intersecting the work's experiential time, creative time, and archival time, especially in her large-scale installations, staged in urban spaces and in institutions, and which make use of everyday life objects.
Sehnaoui's works have been exhibited internationally in Europe, the United States, and the Middle East and North Africa, including in Boston, London, Paris, Liège, Houston, Munich, Beirut, Dubai, and Doha.
An activist in the fields of human rights and political reform, Sehnaoui is a member of Beirut Madinati, an urban public policy organization under whose umbrella she ran for a seat on Beirut’s municipal council in 2016.
She is also a founding member of the Civil Center for National Initiative, whose works include a legal campaign to remove reference to sect from state records, and an initiative to legally administer civil marriages in the country.
She witnessed up close the physical and mental division of the Lebanese capital city into East and West Beirut, and the eminent danger of crossing the demarcation line separating her house in East Beirut from her school in West Beirut.
She subsequently travelled abroad to pursue higher education, studying at Paris Nanterre University and the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris III, from which she graduated in 1981 with, respectively, a Masters' Degree in Sociology and a Diploma in Theoretical Film Studies.
In 1989 she returned to the United States with her family and enrolled at Boston's School of the Museum of Fine Arts, from which she graduated in 1995 with a diploma and a fifth year.
Shaped by her experience of wartime Beirut, Sehnaoui was interested early on in exploring issues of separation and fragmentation, delving not only into the Lebanese capital's history but also tackling those of other cities wounded by war.
She notably actively engaged with the visual and textual archives of different wars around the globe and started incorporating them in her paintings and mixed media artworks.
The paintings, in which she sometimes inserted archival images, press clippings, or text, referenced the divided urban landscapes of Beirut and Jerusalem.
From the mid-nineties on, Sehnaoui further developed her focus on the memory of the Civil War, and in particular the collective amnesia of the conflict condoned by Lebanon's Amnesty Law of 1991.
The series of mixed media works, using paint, text, and bandages, memorialized the conflict's victims, in the aim of healing the country.
The series of works pointed to time's cyclicality and human vanity, drawing on the poet's meditation on existential concerns, and, further, making a parallel between post-World War I disillusionment and post-Civil-War Lebanon.
She reorganized the news, masking certain articles while bringing others forward to the front page, to comment on information and disinformation, journalistic truth and the use of archives.
A pioneer of ephemeral art installations in Lebanon, Sehnaoui has also exhibited such works in Tunis (Tunisia), Marseilles (France), London (United Kingdom), Liège (Belgium) and Doha (Qatar).
These works generally repurpose dozens of mundane everyday objects, and their underlying message conveys the urgency of national reconciliation and social change.
Sehnaoui has used objects as varied as rolling pins, brooms, and toilet seats to convey the importance of acknowledging the legacy and memory of war and to promote national healing.
Sehnaoui then filled one hundred white plastic buckets with 3,000 pieces of crumbled papers on which was written a text questioning the meaning of a 6000-year-old history while having no memory of the recent past.
At the time, more than 3,000 individuals were thought to still be missing in the aftermath of the Civil War, and the 1991 Amnesty law prevented inquiries into their whereabouts or deaths.
Sehnaoui called attention to this situation with an installation exhibiting 3,000 names and 400 photographs glued on white and black balloons, which was exhibited in the ruins of an unfinished cinema nicknamed the Dome (or the Egg) in downtown Beirut.
The work was based on Sehnaoui's memories of the Civil War, a time when many Lebanese citizens used to hide in bathrooms to take refuge from bombs and sniper fire.
For this work, Sehnaoui interrogated one hundred school children about their family stories of migration, an urgent topic on both sides of the Mediterranean.
This work had its roots in the aftermath of the 2006 Lebanon war, when Sehnaoui had taken more than four hundred photographs of the aftermath of Israeli bombings of Beirut.
The display, beyond the specific origin of the photographs, proposed a reflection on humankind's universal capacity to turn fellow human beings' lives into rubble.
The artwork, first shown in Beirut at the Beirut Exhibition Center and then in London at the Royal College of Art, embodied a general gesture of civil contestation as well as a metaphor for starting again, one particularly important to the Arab world at the time, in the context of the Arab Spring.
To Sehnaoui, sweeping represents not only an everyday mundane action but also a powerful collective project following a war or a revolution.
Consisting of 360 interlocking red wooden parallelepipeds, it invited passers-by to reflect on the politics embedded in a simple city walk, and acted as the manifestation of a collective will for a brighter future.
According to Sehnaoui, the shift stemmed from a deep need to paint, as she considers herself a painter who broadened her practice to the public space.
The works, although smaller in scale than her public installations, are likewise labour-intensive, as Sehnaoui insists on the importance of the meditative time of creation.
Their themes are in the continuation of her overarching project to work on collective memory and build a hopeful future, and crystallize her concerns with reckoning with the memory of wars and fostering national reconciliation.
Deepening her philosophical reflection, Sehnaoui also proposes a meditation on time, repetition, resilience, and hope at the personal and societal level.
These dozens of paintings of flowers, alone or arranged in vivid grids, constitute peace offerings to Lebanon, full of hopeful and celebratory symbolism, and envision the possibility of a non-violent world.
The series started as a reaction to the ongoing wars in the Arab world, notably in Syria, and led to a personal reflection on the finiteness of human life, as well as a plea for peace.
These works are simultaneously abstract paintings, collages, and landscapes that underscore the way memory is at once fragmentary, personal, and collective, as the repetition of stripes is meant to echo one counting the days of life.
In 2018 and 2019, Sehnaoui also conceived several sculptures addressing the socio-political stagnation in Lebanon and the need for a national reconciliation.
Sehnaoui's artworks are part of several prominent institutional and private collections, including the Commissariat Général aux Relations Internationales de la Communauté Wallonie Bruxelles (Brussels), the Collection of the Ministry of Culture of the United Arab Emirates, the Saradar Collection (Beirut), the Sursock Museum (Beirut), and the MACAM museum (Alita, Lebanon).
Sehnaoui has been featured in several international newspapers and magazines, among them Le Monde, the Los Angeles Times, El Mundo, The Washington Post, L’Express International, Courrier International, and Le Figaro.
She advocates for the enactment of civil laws to both transcend the Lebanese sectarian system and advance individual freedoms, progressive policies to safeguard the environment and public health, and measures to empower women and give effect to human rights.
Sehnaoui is a founding member of the Civil Center for National Initiative, whose works include a legal campaign to remove reference to sect from state records and an initiative to administer civil marriages in the country.
She has run for municipal office twice in Beirut, the second time under the umbrella of Beirut Madinati in 2016, against candidates from traditional sectarian parties.
In addition, since the late 1990s, she has published several articles on human rights and politics in the Lebanese Francophone and Arabic-language press, notably the daily An-Nahar newspaper, where she has been making the case for social justice, human rights and political reform.
She has called for reform of the sectarian political system and the laws governing parliamentary elections, and pondered the continuous social and political weight of the aftermath of the Civil War in Lebanon.
Kallapetti Singaram was an Indian film actor who has acted over 100 Tamil language films in comedy roles during the year of 1966-1990.
He is notable movies like Suvarilladha Chiththirangal, Oru Kai Osai, Antha Ezhu Naatkal, Mouna Geethangal, Indru Poi Naalai Vaa, Enga Ooru Pattukaran.
The 2020 Coral Players Championship is an upcoming professional ranking snooker tournament, taking place from 24 February – 1 March 2020 in Southport, England.
The seedings will be conducted on the basis of the one-year ranking list up to and including the 2020 Snooker Shoot Out.
In 2015, BAPS Nashville donated money towards aid for victims of the 2015 Gujurat FloodsOn December 11th 2016, The Temple celebrated its 10 Year Anniversary, and welcomed all devotees.
It flows roughly northwards through a wide valley with the larger Ulakhan Botuobuya runnning parallel to it further to the west.
He studied performing arts at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and worked subsequently at various theaters including the Theater Basel, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg and the Schauspielhaus Zürich.
He is a member of the German Bundestag since 2009 and was a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1995 until 2009.
Parallel to his studies in the University of Bonn, Klein worked as an assistant to a member of the German Bundestag.
In 1986, Klein finished his studies in the University of Bonn as a graduate economist and took on a several month internship in the consulting company Henkell Brothers in Melbourne, Australia.
From 1989 until 1995, Klein was the executive manager of the Wittgensteiner Kuranstalt GmbH & Co. KG, an operator of rehabilitation clinics and hospitals in Germany and the Czech Republic.
He is a member of the federal board of the CDU since 2001 and the chairman of the CDU in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein since 2003.
From 2004 until 2015 he was the chairman of the federal board of the Protestant Working Group of the CDU in North-Rhine-Westphalia.
From 1984 until 2005, he was a member of the council of the Burbach municipality and from 1992 until 1996, he was the mayor of this municipality.
In 2009, Klein was directly elected with 41,53% votes into the German Parliament, followed by 45,8% votes in the federal election in 2013.
In his first 2 legislative periods in the German Parliament, Klein was a member of the Budget committee and the Subcommittee on European Union issues.
Klein also was a member of the parliamentary Financial market committee, a committee that monitored the federal bank rescue package worth 480 billion euros passed on October 17, 2008 and advised on fundamental and strategic issues as well as long-term developments in financial market policy.
In the current, 19th legislative period of the German Parliament, he is the Chairman of the Economic Cooperation and Development Task Force of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group, member of the Committee of Economic Cooperation and Development, Deputy member of the Budget Committee and Deputy member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Until June 8, 2018, Klein was a member of the supervisory board of the German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) GmbH, Bonn / Eschborn.
The X-T200 is the successor to the Fujifilm X-T100, but most features of the X-A7 are carried over to the X-T200.
It is a mirrorless compact camera measuring 121 mm x 83.7 mm x 55.1 mm and weighing 370 g including memory card and battery, nearly 100g lighter than X-T100.
It is 3.5 times faster then the X-T100 at data processing, due to the copper wiring, where the X-T100 uses aluminum.
Other noticeable improvements are the ability to record in 4K is 30 fps, a 3.5mm audio jack and a USB-C connection, X-T100 only has a microUSB, a 2.5mm audio jack and can only do 4K in 15fps.
Heugel was a French music publishing company, founded in 1839, that became one of the most prolific and ubiquitous businesses of its kind in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.
The French music publishing house of Heugel was founded on 1 January 1839 in Paris by Jacques-Léopold Heugel (1 March 1815 – 12 November 1883) and Jean-Antoine Meissonnier (1783–1857).
After four years, Meissonnier sold his share to Heugel to concentrate on his own business, which was brought to success by his son, Jean-Racine Meissonnier.
This was followed by new works, mainly operas, by composers such as Jacques Offenbach, Ambroise Thomas, and Léo Delibes, which proved very successful.
Heugel prudently continued the business, and also became a strong advocate for copyright issues as one of the first administrators of SACEM.
He was able to publish works by Gustave Charpentier, Gioachino Rossini and Giuseppe Verdi, as well as some of the great French composers of his time including Gabriel Fauré, Édouard Lalo, and Jules Massenet.
He became known as a specialised publisher of opera scores, besides continuing to publish a large number of works for piano and songs for which there was a great demand.
His success enabled him to acquire the catalogues of Georges Hartmann and Tellier (in 1891) and parts of the catalogues of Léon Escudier (1882), E. Gérard (1882–90), Louis Gregh (1884), Egrot (1884), Bruneau et Cie. (1891), and Pérégally & Parvy (1904).
Jacques-Paul Heugel, known as Jacques Heugel (25 January 1890 – 21 October 1979) successfully continued in the family's footsteps, transforming it to a publicly listed company in March 1944.
He attracted some of the most gifted French composers of the beginning of the twentieth century, including Georges Auric, Reynaldo Hahn, Jacques Ibert, André Jolivet, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, and Florent Schmitt.
François Heugel (22 August 1922 – 2010) as commercial director and Philippe Heugel (8 July 1924 – 13 July 1991) as artistic director continued the business, taking on works by Gilbert Amy, Pierre Boulez, Henri Dutilleux, Betsy Jolas, and others.
After completing his Graduation in Physics from the Sree Kerala Varma College in 2008, he joined the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune for Post Graduation Diploma in Sound Recording and Sound Design.
The list includes sub-lists for general awards to female athletes, for awards to association football (soccer) players, to basketball players and to women players in other sports.
Robinson was a powerful senator, staunch Democrat, and strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and was instrumental in passing many New Deal programs through the Senate.
Arkansas was essentially a one-party state during the Solid South period; the Democratic Party controlled all aspects of state and local office.
Recently elected Democratic Governor of Arkansas Carl E. Bailey initially considered appointing himself to finish Robinson's term, but later acceded to a nomination process by the Democratic Central Committee, avoiding a public primary but breaking a campaign process.
Avoiding the primary so angered the public and establishment Democrats to coalesce behind longtime Democrat John E. Miller as an independent, forcing a general election.
Future governor Homer Adkins led the efforts to oppose Bailey, harboring a personal grudge since their time in the Pulaski County Courthouse.
Miller would serve in the term until 1941, retiring to become a judge in the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.
Durga Temple of Virginia is a Hindu Temple located in Lorton, Virginia and serves the Hindu population within in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.
The French President Emmanuel Macron implemented the Service national universel (SNU), the General National Service, which will be mandatory for all male and female citizens aged 16 to 25 starting in 2021.
The aim of this civil conscription service is to convey French values, to strengthen social cohesion and to promote social engagement.
The draftees must wear uniform-like dresses, they have to hand over their mobile phones to their supervisors and are placed in collective accommodations far away from their home community.
The daily routine follows a strict schedule, in the morning the anthem is sung at the flag roll call, afterwards courses must be attended, such as a first aid course, an introduction to the written driver's license test and learning rules of conduct in the event of a terrorist attack.
The other half of the time has to be fulfilled with assignment in a non-profit organization, the military, the police or a fire department.
The completion of the SNU should become the prerequisite for getting the A level, the university-entrance diploma and driving license examination.
In 2005, the design of the Hindu Temple was complete and by 2007, the temple gained Tax Exempt Status with the IRS.
The temple has a Auditorium that can seat up to 475 people, Dining hall, a classroom, parking lot and a meditation room.
Born in Chicago, Talmadge was a former President of United Artists Records, Executive Vice President at Mercury Records, and former President and founder of Musicor Records.
Her uncle, her mother's younger brother, was the actor John Mills, meaning she was a cousin to his daughters, Juliet Mills and Hayley Mills.
Student of M. E. Masson and G. A. Pugachenkova, Zamira Ismailovna Usmanova was the first Uzbek woman to graduate from the Department of Archaeology in Tashkent.
One of the female archaeologists of Central Asia, her crucial works and research determined the date of the old city of Merv, Erk-Kala.
Zamira Ismailovna graduated from Tashkent in 1950 before enrolling in SAGU (later Tashkent State University) at the Faculty of History of Archaeology of Central Asia, headed by Professor Mikhail Evgenievich Masson.
During her studies she was an active member of the Scientific Circle (SNAK) and together with Svetlana Lunina, commissioned by M. E. Masson, she examined several monuments in the Tashkent region whose results have been published.
She also participated in the archaeological excavations organised by the South Turkmenistan Multi-Disciplinary Archaeological Expedition (YuTAKE) led by M. E. Masson.
As a teacher, Usmanova trained international students from Afghanistan, Yemen, Mali, Ethiopia, Azerbaijan and Mozambique to promote and enhance knowledge of the archaeology of Uzbekistan, Central Asian and Caucasian Republic.
During her leadership at the Department of Archaeology, Usmanova and her team undertaken invaluable excavations on the site of Erk-Kala, bringing to light materials related to the first settlement that revealed the ancient urbanisation of Merv establishing the year of the site.
After the success of this achievement, UNESCO awarded Z. I. Usmanova a medal (the same prize was awarded in Uzbekistan to G. A. Pugachenkova) and the 2700th anniversary of Merv was celebrated.
As result of the archaeological material discovered and according to written sources that identify the city of Kesh as Shakhrisabz, the age of the city was determined and in 2002, its 2700th anniversary was celebrated.
1980-1982: at the request of the Director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Usmanova participated with her students in the excavation of the settlement of Akhsiket.
Hindu Community Center of Knoxville is a Hindu Temple in Lenoir City and serves the Hindu population in the Knoxville Metropolitan Area.
Marc G. Genton , (born in Switzerland) is currently a Distinguished Professor of statistics with the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
He is known as a specialist in Spatio-Temporal Statistics, Data Science and their applications in geophysics, climate science, and marine science.
The British Psychotherapy Foundation, Bpf, is the successor organisation to three former long-established British psychotherapy providers and clinical training institutions which merged in April 2013.
The original constituents are the British Association of Psychotherapists, BAP (1951), The Lincoln Clinic and Centre for Psychotherapy (1968) and the London Centre for Psychotherapy, LCP, (1976).
It is unique in the United Kingdom for providing treatment services for children and adults in all the psychoanalytic modalities, that is of Freudian and Jungian inspiration.
It is also unique in providing professional training in those modalities within one institution and is regulated by the British Psychoanalytic Council.
Until it de-merged in 2019, the recently formed, British Psychoanalytic Association has been a fourth constituent of Bpf, (it was integral to the BAP).
Staunton Creek Nullah () is a nullah in Hong Kong, located in Wong Chuk Hang, in the Southern District of Hong Kong Island, originating from Bennet's Hill.
The stream is in the east of the valley near Mount Cameron starting from Aberdeen Sports Ground as an artificial open channel, flowing along Heung Yip Road at Aberdeen Typhoon Shelter (Aberdeen Channel).
The table below lists the decisions (known as reasons) delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 2019.
After she became a lawyer, she focused on expanding the rights of working-class women and children, and she helped to found the Legal Aid Society of Los Angeles.
Her father died when she was eleven, and she worked after school from a young age in order to help her mother support her siblings.
After a series of tragedies, including the deaths of her sister and mother, and her husband’s suicide, Holt and her sister’s children moved to California.
Holt was considered a radical member of the PAWC, as she adopted anarchist beliefs and questioned the ethics of religion and marriage.
Eventually she resigned from her paid position as an agent of the PAWC (but continued volunteering with it) and pursued a career in law.
She was one of the women to help establish the first juvenile court system in the country, the Cook County Juvenile Court.
She had originally aimed for the Legal Aid Society to specialize in workingwomen’s and children’s investigations and court cases, but male lawyers involved in the Society’s creation decided to appoint a man named Reynold E. Blight as chair, and that focus was lost; workingwomen’s and children’s cases were still handled, but so were the cases of workingmen.
During summer 2011 Ookpik Aviation had additional contracts to service an exploration camp at Amer Lake, flying from Baker Lake, on which a Super Otter was used.
The match was played at Estadio Domingo Burgueño Miguel in Maldonado, being this the first time the match was played away from Estadio Centenario in Montevideo due to it undergoing remodeling works.
Shepherding a Child's Heart is a 1995 book by American pastor Tedd Tripp about parenting, with a particular focus on advantages of spanking.
The book has been described as one of the most popular Christian parenting books and a required reading at many Christian parenting courses.
Due to its recommendations of spanking as a God-endorsed parental technique, the book has raised some controversy in the United States and abroad, for example for promoting spanking as a useful technique even for infants under one year.
The book has been described as one of the most popular Christian parenting books and a required reading at many Christian parenting courses.
The small publishing house affiliated with the Baptist Union of Poland which is responsible for the Polish translation declared that that it is immediately if temporarily halting the sales of the book pending further analysis, and it is considering withdrawing the book from the Polish market.
It is bordered by 165th Street to the west, 85th Avenue to the north, Chapin Parkway and Gothic Drive to the northeast, and Highland Avenue to the south.
The Tilly family, who originally owned the land, gave it to the New York City government for park operation in 1908.
Originally known as Highland Park, and later as Upland Park, the park gained its current name in 1935 from Jamaica resident George H. Tilly, a member of the Tilly family who was killed in action during the Spanish–American War.
The park is located within most of the block bounded by 165th Street to the west, 85th Avenue to the north, Chapin Parkway and Gothic Drive to the northeast, and Highland Avenue to the south.
Goose Pond is located at the north edge of the Harbor Hill Moraine, a terminal moraine across Long Island that was formed during the Wisconsin glaciation.
A natural spring under the pond was discovered to still be flowing in 1980, but during a renovation in the 1990s, Goose Pond was turned into an aerated lagoon with seven artificial jets.
Initially the park land was worth $3,000, but by 1908 the park was thought to be worth ten times that amount.
That year, Highland Park was transferred to city operation, with the Tilly family giving the land to the city for $1 on the condition that it would permanently remain as a park.
However, community members objected to the excessive amounts that would be disbursed to affected landowners, since residents near the park would have to pay extra taxes.
In conjunction with this renaming, the park was renovated with new benches and lamps, improved landscaping, and deepening of Goose Pond.
The city planned to restore the park in the mid-1970s, and had allocated $400,000 when the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis occurred.
A federal grant toward restoration of Tilly Park was allocated in February 1978, increasing the renovation project's total allocation to approximately $573,000.
By that December, community members alleged that NYC Parks had failed to take further steps to renovate Tilly Park, such as creating designs for the renovation.
At the time, the pond had so little water that it could not be used for ice-skating for the first time in 75 years, and it posed a public health hazard.
Furthermore, state assemblyman Arthur J. Cooperman had been advocating for Tilly Park's cleanup for the previous decade, and Queens Community Board 8's vice chairman of planning also said that the park's cleanup was a top priority.
The park was finally renovated starting in 1980; the cleanup consisted of planting new trees, installing benches and lighting, cleaning the ponds, repaving the paths, and replacing the playground.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Community Board 8 advocated for Goose Pond's restoration, which the board dubbed a top-priority project.
About six weeks later, 120 fish were found dead, all but one of which were goldfish, which had not been introduced into the pond by NYC Parks.
However, residents reported increased algal blooms shortly afterward: though NYC Parks attributed the algal blooms and dead fish to the unusually warm weather, some residents demanded an investigation of the renovation project.
It is now a part of the new building of the Perth Museum complex in the Perth Cultural Centre, in Western Australia.
The Museum Street section between the former James Street and Francis Street no longer exists, and is taken up by the entry paving to the new museum.
It was registered as a heritage building in 1992 with the State Register of Heritage Places, and had been listed by the National Trust.
Rev John MacKay MacLennan (1885–1977) was a 20th century Scottish minister, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1938.
From 1915 to 1923 he was minister of the Free church in Glenurquhart then was minister of Lairg from 1923 to 1965.
It was released though Sony and Columbia Records on 23 January 2020 as a single from her upcoming third studio album, which is set to be released this year.
His worst dreams come true since Flamenca begins a relationship with another man because she feels prisoned and cautive in her relationship with her husband.
When the police asks for the responsible, Flamenca's lover turns himself in and accepts the charges even though he isn't the guilty.
Saafir Rabb is a business strategist, community activist and former Advisor to Barack Obama, serving on his Transition Team in relation to public diplomacy.
His career has involved promoting social enterprise, as well as working with ex-convicts and other vulnerable people on issues such as addiction recovery and building low income housing.
The newspaper describes ‘I Can't We Can’ as a network of halfway houses and clinical services which treat those suffering from drug addiction.
Rabb is also a member of foreign policy group the Pacific Council on International Policy, and a board member of Educate Girls Globally, a charity operating in the developing world.
He is a Trustee of Bayan Claremont, a graduate school operating since 2011 at the Claremont School of Theology, which educates American religious leaders.
He is currently a Democratic candidate running for Congress in Maryland's 7th District, the district in which he born and brought up.
His campaign was endorsed by Keith Ellison, the current Attorney General of Minnesota, Dr Yusef Salaam (a member of the exonerated five in the Central Park jogger case), and Hasim Rahman a two-time world heavyweight champion.
In 2016, Rabb was a strong proponent of the need for government and communities to tackle what he believed to be a rising trend in bigotry and hatred across the United States.
He supported gun control legislation to prevent ordinary citizens purchasing military-grade weapons, but advocated that should not be done in a way which infringes the Constitutional right to bear arms.
He believes that federal subsidies are essential to help create local jobs and supports an increase in the minimum wage to $15 an hour as well the establishment of a 'living wage'.
During a 7th Congressional District debate, Rabb endorsed the Democrat candidates Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders as his favourites for the US presidency.
He was a contestant on season 14 of The Bachelorette and was one of the final two contestants, alongside Garrett Yrigoyen, who was chosen instead by Becca Kufrin.
Lady Diana de Vere Beauclerk was born on 10 December 1842 in London, the daughter of William Beauclerk, 9th Duke of St Albans and Elizabeth Catherine Gubbins.
Lady Diana was well known in Norwich and, together with her mother, worked for Huddleston in his successful campaign there in the Parliamentary election of 1874.
She never recovered from the loss of her husband in 1890, and everywhere she went the ashes of the Baron, who was cremated at Woking, accompanied her.
She, her mother, and their maid Teresina left behind all luxuries to travel through Norway in the summer and winter of 1867.
The Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal, is responsible for the development of tourism in the state of West Bengal.
It is a land of contrasts - in climate, vegetation, scenery, and landscape and has a rich diversity of ethnicity, culture, languages and religion.
It has always been a traveller's delight as there are fantastic trips set around the misty and romantic hill stations, diverse Wildlife and verdant teagardens of the Dooars, historical monuments and temples of Murshidabad and Bishnupur, wide and splendid beaches of Digha and Mandarmoni and the lush forested islands and meandering rivers of Sunderbans- destinations that are great revelations.
The Department has a unit named West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation which has many tourist centres all around the state at various districts where online booking is also available.
The Department has taken a number of initiatives and also offers various packages through WBTDCL throughout the year as well as on specials occasions and festivals like Durga Puja, the greatest festival of the world, Christmas, Poush Mela, Basanta Utsav etc.
The Department has its digital presence through its website, Mobile App and Social Media, Radio and TV as well as audio visual mediums.
Insula dulcamara is an oil painting on newsprint pasted to burlap by the Swiss-based abstract artist Paul Klee, completed in 1938 when he was suffering from the wasting disease, scleroderma.
Like much of Klee's output the image conveys a coded message to the viewer, asking that he or she should reflect on the artist's thought processes during its creation.
However a newer analysis by academic Chris Pike suggests that the symbols represent Klee's own identity and mortality, spelling out his name and referencing aspects of his life and interests.
The letters of the word Klee are not as obvious but can be determined with imagination, especially in comparison with his written signature.
Rev Duncan Leitch MA (c.1903–1974) was a 20th century Scottish minister, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1952.
He was born in Bannockburn and originally was apprenticed as a draughtsman in the Dumbarton shipyards during the closing years of the First World War (presumably working on warships).
Forde taught postgraduate courses on archives at University College London and worked as an archivist in local government and at The National Archive.
She is a trustee of the British Postal Museum & Archive and served as its Chairperson from 2011 to 2015, is a board member of the Banbury Museum, and has served on the board of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council.
On 1 July 2019 Forde was re-elected for a further two years as a committee member to the Advisory Committee on National Records and Archives.
The snake's most notable body feature is the black patch shaped like an hourglass on the back of its nape to between the eyes.
The 2020 USL League Two season will be the 26th season of the USL League Two, the top pre-professional soccer league in the United States, since its establishment in 1995.
Singapore competed at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica, for the first time as an independent state.
Sri Venkateswara Temple, Pittsburgh is a Hindu Temple in Penn Hills, Pennsylvania and serves the Hindu population of the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Area.
The Hindu Temple is modeled off of shrines in Southern India and as of 2014, served nearly 10,000 Hindus in the area.
The Hindu Temple Society of Pittsburgh was established in 1973 and in 1974, gained 400,000 Dollars in funding from the national Hindu Temple Society in New York.
The Mandarin paradox is an ethical parable used to illustrate the difficulty of fulfilling moral obligations when moral punishment is unlikely or impossible, leading to moral disengagement.
It has been used to underscore the fragility of ethical standards when moral agents are separated by physical, cultural, or other distance, especially as facilitated by globalization.
Ice City Boyz (ICB) (colloquially referred to as Church Road Soldiers and CrimeScene Boyz) is a British hip hop collective from Harlesden, London.
Other artists in the group include Likkle T, Skrapz, J Styles, Fatz, Keyz, Trapstar Toxic, Streetz, Inch, Supa, Fundz, Jambo and others.
Since early 2000, Ice City Boyz have been involved in a gang wars with Stonebridge gang and rap collective U.S.G., whose prominent member is K Koke.
It was alleged that a member of ICB was posing with a gold chain that was apparently stolen from MC Big Keyz of £R.
Nines published a video on his social media with a handful of gold jewellery, including an Audemars Piguet watch that was supposedly stolen from C-Biz.
It has been reported that the pair havee a history of rivalry relating to the killing of Zino, Nines's brother who was murdered in 2009.
As a result, a drive-by shooting happened in the church road estate which resulted in the death of Oliver Tetlow in what was said to be a case of mistaken identity.
Adetokunbo Ajibola (better known by his stage name Trapstar Toxic) was caught out by his song lyrics which revealed him selling drugs.
Toxic pleaded guilty to the offences June 27 2018, and was jailed for five years at Harrow Crown Court on 1 March 2019.
The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (), also known as the Huanan Seafood Market, is a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China.
The market gained media attention after the World Health Organization was notified on 31 December 2019 of an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan.
Of the initial 41 people hospitalised with pneumonia who were identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by 2 January 2020, two-thirds had been exposed to the market.
It is the largest seafood wholesale market in Wuhan and Central China, with its western zone known for its wild animals.
A sales notice posted by one vendor on the popular Chinese review site 'Dazhong Dianping' listed prices for 112 items including a number of wild animals.
By 2 January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus, designated (2019-nCoV) was confirmed in an initial 41 people hospitalised with the pneumonia, two-thirds of who had direct exposure to the market.
The earliest date for first symptoms was reported as 1 December 2019, in a person who did not have any exposure to the market or to the remaining affected 40 people.
In total, 13 of the 41 people had no link with the market, a significant figure according to infectious diseases specialist Daniel Lucey.
As coronaviruses (like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) mainly circulate among animals and with a link between the pneumonia outbreak and the market being established, it was suspected that the virus may have been passed from an animal to humans (zoonosis).
Snakes or bats have been suggested to be the source of the virus, especially considering the variety of wild animals sold at the market.
It was later announced that the virus is contagious between humans, and has been detected in other cities and regions in China and countries outside of China.
In a pursuit to discover the origin of the 2019-nCoV, samples from the market's animals were taken between 1 January and 12 January 2020.
In late January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that the virus was found in 33 out of 585 of those animal specimens, 31 of which came from the area of the market where wildlife was particularly found.
On 1 January 2020, in response to the initial outbreak of the pneumonia cluster, health authorities closed the market to perform investigations, clean, and disinfect the place.
One Luxembourgian skater achieved a quota place for Luxembourg based on the results of the 2019 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships.
Umaga received his first call up to the senior England squad on 20 January 2020 for the 2020 Six Nations Championship.
They are spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half of Indonesia.
The speech area of the Central Flores languages is bordered to the west by the Manggarai language, and to the east by the Sikka language.
This process is characteristic for the development of pidgins and creoles, most of which display strong simplification of the source language.
Instead, he proposes that the isolating character can better be explained by a pre-Austronesian subtrate language, which must have had the typological features of the Mekong-Mamberamo area.
Anna Dmitriyevna Radlova (Анна Дмитриевна Радлова) (February 3, 1891 – February 23, 1949) was a Russian salon-holder translator of Shakespeare and an author.
Her work was well received and it was championed by fellow poet Mikhail Kuzmin who compared the quality of Radlova's work to the more acclaimed poet Anna Akhmatova.
Leon Trotsky publishes criticism of women poets and Radlova concentrated more on her translations which were the basis of her husband's repertoire.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2011 event featured nine professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on May 29, Kudo earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Shuji Ishikawa.
On June 18 at Dominion 6.18, Prince Devitt lost his IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship to Best of the Super Juniors winner, Kota Ibushi.
In the dark match preceding the main card, Sanshiro Takagi and Munenori Sawa from Battlearts challenged the team of Ricky Fuji and The Great Sasuke from Michinoku Pro Wrestling in a Falls Count Anywhere match for the Greater China Unified Zhongyuan Tag Team Championship.
The four-way tag team elimination match saw the participations of Daisuke Sekimoto from Big Japan Pro Wrestling and Gentaro from Pro-Wrestling Freedoms.
The 2020 Viterra Saskatchewan Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Saskatchewan, was held from January 24–28 at the Horizone Credit Union Centre in Melville, Saskatchewan.
The winning Robyn Silvernagle rink will represent Saskatchewan in their home province at the 2020 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 18 and 19 July 1987.
Subhonil Ghosh (born 12 April 2000 in Kolkata, West Bengal) is an Indian professional footballer who played as a Midfielder for Garhwal FC on loan from East Bengal.
In 2019, Subhonil was promoted to the senior side by Alejandro Menendez and made his debut against George Telegraph S.C. in the 2019-20 Calcutta Premier Division League.
Dugger utilized his athleticism during his senior year, at one point returning two punts for touchdowns within a seven-minute span against Virginia–Wise.
For his play in his senior season, Dugger was awarded the Cliff Harris Award in 2019, given to the best small-school defensive player.
Raja Shahid Zafar is a Pakistani politician and former minister who had been the member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1985 to 1988 and then again from 1988 to 1990.
Formed in January 1971, the group originally consisted of lead vocalist, harmonicist and slide guitarist Lee Brilleaux (real name Lee Collinson), lead guitarist and second vocalist Wilko Johnson (real name John Wilkinson), bassist John B.
The group's current lineup features drummer Kevin Morris (since 1983), bassist and guitarist Phil H. Mitchell (from 1983 to 1991, and since 1995), lead guitarist Steve Walwyn (since 1989), and lead vocalist and harmonicist Robert Kane (since 1999).
This lineup released three studio albums and one live collection, before Johnson left on April 2, 1977 due to tensions with other members of the band.
Before a full-time replacement was found, the group performed a handful of shows with substitute guitarist Henry McCullough and keyboardist Tim Hinkley.
Brilleaux and Crippen completed a pre-booked European tour with stand-in bassist Pat McMullen and drummer Buzz Barwell, before disbanding the group at the end of the year.
Just three months later, however, Brilleaux – persuaded by band manager Chris Fenwick – relaunched Dr. Feelgood with new lead guitarist Gordon Russell (who had auditioned for Mayo's vacated role two years earlier), bassist Phil H. Mitchell and, later, drummer Kevin Morris.
However, after touring for the first three months of 1989, Russell took a temporary leave of absence from the band when his infant daughter died of cot death syndrome.
Former guitarist Gypie Mayo returned for a string of dates as the band continued their European tour, before Russell left permanently after a short French run in May and Steve Walwyn joined in his place.
Following the death of their frontman, Dr. Feelgood disbanded, before returning in June 1995 with new frontman Pete Gage joining returning members Walwyn, Mitchell and Morris.
The 5th Moscow Jewish Film Festival is an annual international film festival, which aims to gather in the program features, documentaries, shorts and animated films on the subject of Jewish culture, history and national identity and contemporary problems.
The festival was held in Moscow from 23 to 30 June 2019 at the Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center, Documentary Film Center, cinema GUM, KARO 11 cinema Oktyabr, Moskino Zvezda, Moskino Kosmos, Knizhniki and Moscow Jewish Community Center.
The welcome speech at the Opening ceremony was held by the President of Jury Timur Weinstein and American director Shawn Snyder presented his film To Dust as the Russian premiere and the opening film of the 5th Moscow Jewish Film Festival.
The Q&A session following the documentary Jonathan Agassi Saved My Life took place in Documentary Film Center, where Jonathan Agassi’s mother Anna Langer and film director Tomer Haymann talked about a story of love and trust.
Thus, Eliran Malka presented his film The Unorthodox and the star of Red Cow Avigaiil Kovari with Israeli sexologist Katya Katsman held discussion about female friendship, old traditions and modern prohibitions.
The 5th Moscow Jewish Film Festival opened with the screening of To Dust, directed by American director Shawn Snyder, who held the welcome speech at the Opening with the President of Jury Timur Weinstein.
Moreover, within the festival the Honorable prize for outstanding contribution to the development of Jewish cinema in Russia was presented to Dmitry Astrakhan for his film From Hell to Hell.
This year Yakov Kaller award for the best Russian Jewish film of 2019 was given to Anna's War by Aleksey Fedorchenko.
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of the Novel coronavirus responsible for the 2019–20 outbreak in Wuhan, China, and may not include all contemporary major responses and measures.
In January 2020, a consortium of Chinese medical experts were charged with investigating the inception of what is now commonly known as the Wuhan Coronavirus.
They noted from their review of local medical records that the first patient later to be diagnosed with the Wuhan Coronavirus first presented with symptoms on .
However, the consortium found an earlier case of a patient who first experienced symptoms on 1 December 2019, pointing to an even earlier origin.
Apart from this early case, between December 8 and December 18, seven cases later diagnosed with Wuhan Coronavirus were documented, two of them were linked with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market of Wuhan, five were not.
On , Dr. Li Wenliang, an Opthomologist in Wuhan, China, posted a warning to doctors from his medical school class via a WeChat online forum that a cluster of seven patients had been unsuccessfully treated for symptoms of viral pneumonia.
Because these patients did not respond to traditional treatments, they were quarantined in an ER department of a local Wuhan hospital.
The WHO also reported that Chinese authorities had acted swiftly, identifying the novel coronavirus within weeks of the onset of the outbreak, with the total number of positively tested people being 41.
The gene sequencing data of the isolated 2019-nCoV, a virus from the same family as the SARS coronavirus, was posted on Virological.org by researchers from Fudan University, Shanghai.
A further three sequences from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, one from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and one from Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan were posted to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) portal.
In China, more than 700 close contacts of the 41 confirmed cases, including more than 400 healthcare workers, had been monitored, with no new cases reported in China since 5 January.
The affected 61-year-old Chinese woman, who is a resident of Wuhan, had not visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, but was noted to have been to other markets.
On 14 January, two of the 41 confirmed cases in Wuhan were reported to include a married couple, raising the possibility of human-to-human transmission.
On 16 January, the WHO was alerted by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare that a 30-year-old male Chinese national had tested positive to 2019-nCoV during a hospital stay between 10 and 15 January.
On 17 January, Thailand's second confirmed case was reported in a 74-year-old woman who arrived in Bangkok on a flight from Wuhan.
After the first 41 laboratory-confirmed cases were identified on January 2, 2020, 16 days elapsed with no further confirmed cases before China reported 17 additional laboratory-confirmed cases, with three cases in critical condition.
The number of laboratory-confirmed cases rose to 62 in China, with the ages ranging from 30 to 79, of which 19 were discharged and eight remain critical.
On the same day, the Wuhan City government held an annual banquet that coincided with the Chinese New Year, of forty thousand families despite their knowledge of the spread of the Wuhan Coronavirus.
On 19 January, the first confirmed cases were reported in China, outside Wuhan, one in the southern province of Guangdong and two in Beijing.
Taiwan reported its first laboratory-confirmed case, and the United States reported its first laboratory-confirmed case in the state of Washington, the first in North America.
New cases: Macau and Hong Kong reported their first laboratory-confirmed cases, with Hong Kong reporting its second on the evening of 22 January.
In all, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in mainland China increased to 628 while the death toll remained at 17.
A study by Chinese researchers indicates that people can be symptom-free for several days while the coronavirus is incubating, increasing the risk of contagious infection without forewarning signs.
By the end of the day, the entire Hubei province have come under a city-by-city quarantine, apart from Xiangyang and Shennongjia Forestry District.
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) has started developing vaccines against the coronavirus, an official with the center said on Sunday.
The United Nation's WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus said he was on his way to Beijing to confer with Chinese officials and health experts about the coronavirus outbreak.
China started requiring nationwide use of monitoring stations for screening, identification and immediate isolation of coronavirus-infected travellers, including at airports, railway stations, bus stations and ports.
A tentative clinical profile for the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was published by an assistant professor of population health science at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.
Dr. Gabriel Leung, Dean of the University of Hong Kong medical school and one of the foremost world experts on SARS and viruses, gave a three hour presentation published on YouTube wherein he made nowcasts and forecasts of the Wuhan Virus Pandemic.
Using traditional scientific modeling techniques that predict the spread of viruses, Dr. Leung projected the true number of coronavirus infections was likely 10 time more than the official reported numbers.Dr.
He stated that draconian measures were needed to slow the progress of the virus but that these measures would have no effect in stopping the coronavirus pandemic.
Dr. Leung subsequently published an article in The Lancet nowcasting and forecasting the likely progression of the Wuhan Coronavirus taking into consideration numerous variables.
Fiji authorities are holding six Chinese travelers in quarantine in Nadi as a precaution after they failed to gain entry to Samoa due to Samoa's quarantine requirements that were implemented Friday.
In Mongolia a 14-year-old girl who was studying in China had fallen ill with a suspected case of pneumonia and laryngitis; she was pronounced dead on the same day.
Health authorities have since taken a sample from the deceased girl to be analysed at the National Center for Communicable Diseases in Ulaanbaatar.
Two Mongolian students returning from Taiwan to Chinggis Khaan International Airport have shown symptoms of high fever and rising temperature and were put into quarantine after landing in Mongolia.
Japan confirms 3 additional cases, bringing the total infected in Japan to seven, including a man who had never visited Wuhan.
However, he had close contact with a visiting Chinese colleague who reported starting to feel ill during her return flight to Shanghai and she was diagnosed with coronavirus infection after arriving in China.
The Brazilian Ministry of Health reports three suspected cases ongoing in three locations: Belo Horizonte (MG), Curitiba (PR) and São Leopoldo (RS).
Scientists from The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute) in Melbourne reported that they had successfully grown 2019-nCoV from a patient sample.
Tibet reported its first suspected case identified on the previous day and declared a level 1 health emergency in the evening, the last mainland provincial division to do so.
Companies in Hubei are required not to resume services before 13 February, and schools in Hubei are to postpone the reopening of schools.
Finland reports its first case of the virus in Lapland, found in a Chinese tourist who left Wuhan before Wuhan was locked down.
Japan reports four additional cases, including a tour bus guide that was on the same bus as one of the cases confirmed on 28 January and three evacuated from Wuhan.
Liana Torosyan, the head of the Department of Infectious Diseases, advised that samples will be sent to European labs, as Armenia does not have the capacity to test for the novel coronavirus.
Air Canada is halting all direct flights to China following the federal government's advisory to avoid non-essential travel to the mainland due to the coronavirus epidemic.
India confirms its first case of coronavirus in a student who had returned from Wuhan University to the Indian state of Kerala.
Philippines confirms its first case of coronavirus in a female Chinese national who arrived in Manila via Hong Kong on 21 January.
Thailand confirmed five more cases with the first human-to-human virus transmission inside the country of a local taxi driver, bringing the total to 19.
South Korea confirmed the twelfth case of the coronavirus: a 49-year-old Chinese man who works as a Japanese tour guide in western Seoul.
The gene sequencing data of the isolated 2019-nCoV, a virus from the same family as the SARS coronavirus, was posted on Virological.org by researchers from Fudan University, Shanghai.
A further three sequences from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, one from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and one from Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan were posted to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) portal.
The government announced a quarantine until further notice, cancelling outgoing flights and trains from Wuhan, and suspending public transportation in Wuhan, effective 10:00 (02:00 UTC, ) on 23 January.
However, statistics compiled by the Chinese Railway Administration showed that on the same day approximately 100,000 people had already departed from Wuhan Train Station by the deadline.
In Wuhan, construction began near midnight for a specialist emergency hospital, modelled after the Xiaotangshan Hospital during the 2003 SARS outbreak in Beijing, after it was proposed earlier in the afternoon.
The three provinces of Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hunan declared a level 1 public health emergency (the highest possible) in chronological order.
The seven provinces, two autonomous regions, and all four municipalities of Hubei, Anhui, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Shandong, Fujian, Guangxi, and Hebei declared a level 1 public health emergency, in chronological order.
Multiple tourist sites across China were closed until further notice, including Mount Wutai, Pingyao, Yanmen Pass, Xuanwu Lake, Qixia Mountain, Nanking Massacre Museum, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Canton Tower, Gulangyu, Yu Garden, Shanghai Disneyland, West Lake, and Forbidden City.
Level 1 health emergency was declared in the 10 provinces and three autonomous regions of Jiangsu, Hainan, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Henan, Gansu, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Jilin, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia, in chronological order.
It is now in effect in all 30 of the 31 provincial-level divisions in mainland China with cases reported, the exception being Tibet.
China's National Health Commission had sent 1,230 medical staff in six groups to Wuhan City, central China's Hubei Province, to combat the novel coronavirus outbreak in the region.
Wuhan announced building a second emergency specialty hospital, named Leishenshan Hospital, with a planned capacity of 1,300 beds, to be in use in half a month.
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) has started developing vaccines against the coronavirus, an official with the center said on Sunday.
The United Nation's WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus said he was on his way to Beijing to confer with Chinese officials and health experts about the coronavirus outbreak.
China started requiring nationwide use of monitoring stations for screening, identification and immediate isolation of coronavirus-infected travellers, including at airports, railway stations, bus stations and ports.
Wanda Group waives all rent and property fees for all merchants from 24 January to 25 February, amounting to an estimated fee reduction of ¥3-4 billion (US$432–577 million).
Tibet reported its first suspected case identified on the previous day and declared a level 1 health emergency in the evening, the last mainland provincial division to do so.
Companies in Hubei are required not to resume services before 13 February, and schools in Hubei are to postpone the reopening of schools.
Passenger transport on roads in ten provinces and municipalities including Hubei and Beijing has been suspended, inter-provincial passenger trains have been suspended in 16 provinces, urban bus routes have been suspended or partially suspended in multiple cities in 28 provinces, and urban rail transportation has been suspended in 5 cities including Wuhan.
China National Railway Group announced that starting 1 February, rail ticket purchases must provide the traveller's mobile phone number (email address for foreign nationals).
Import duties and US-specific tariffs were exempted on imported materials donated for epidemic prevention and control, including VAT and sales tax; the duties and tariffs previously levied were to be refunded.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued a notice late in the evening to deploy medical wastewater and urban sewage supervision, regulate emergency medical wastewater treatment, sterilization and disinfection requirements, in order to to prevent the spread of new coronavirus through feces and sewage, after the faeces of a patient was tested positive for the virus in Shenzhen.
Huanggang, Hubei implements a much stricter control, allowing only one person from each household every two days to be on the street for purchases, unless for medically-related reasons, required for epidemic control, or as shop workers.
Hunan government required companies in the province not to resume business before 24:00 on 9 February; the new semester is not to start earlier than 17 February for primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, and 24 February for post-secondary institutions.
China Securities Regulatory Commission waived the 2020 annual listing fee that listed companies in Hubei are required to pay to the stock exchange.
China Federation of Radio and Television Associations issued an notice to pause the filming of all films and TV dramas in mainland China during the epidemic.
China's National Health Commission (NHC) announced new regulations Saturday requiring that all who lose their lives to the coronavirus must be cremated at the nearest facility.
Wuhan's Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters arranged for Jointown Pharmaceutical to overtake the warehouse management of Wuhan Red Cross after days of scandals and controversies regarding the Red Cross' incompetence, extreme delays in allocating donation resources, and unexplained apparent misallocation of crucial medical supplies.
Wenzhou, Zhejiang announces implementing the same measure as Huanggang, where every household may send one person every two days outside for purchases, from 00:00 on 2 February to 24:00 on 8 February.
The Ministry of Transport extended the cut-off time for the minibus toll-free period of the 2020 Spring Festival to 24:00 on February 8, 2020.
Strict surveillance measures are being enforced at airports, seaports and border crossings to prevent the disease wide-spreading into countries/territories which share border or locate in the neighbourhood of the China Mainland.
Accordingly, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and some ASEAN countries (notably Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam) are thermally monitoring passengers arriving at their major international airports, while flights from and/or to Wuhan were ceased operating.
More seriously, North Korea even bans international flights and foreign visitors, and Papua New Guinea bans travellers from all Asian countries.
Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines suspend visa issuance either: on arrival with Chinese citizens, toward the entire infected area of China, toward Hubei-related visitors who previously had travel history or currently hold a passport issued by Hubei and its neighbourhood's authorities.
Following the first laboratory-confirmed case on 23 January, Singaporean airline Scoot cancelled flights to Wuhan between 23 and 26 January over the virus outbreak, after a lockdown was imposed.
Following the two laboratory-confirmed cases on 23 January, Vietnam Aviation Authority sent a written directive requesting that all flights from and to Wuhan, to be cancelled immediately until further notice and the tickets should be refunded.
Exceptionally, the Authority operates four special flights to carry Wuhan passengers home during the period from 24–27 January, and a backward flight to excavate Vietnamese citizens and diplomats.
In Singapore, border control measures were enhanced and extended to land and sea checkpoints with the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority and Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore starting temperature checks from noon of that day.
Hong Kong announced it will ban anyone who has been to Hubei Province in the last 14 days from entering the city starting 27 January.
The decision was declared by the head of Lào Cai Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, after an urgent notice from Yunnan Province's Authorities.
Singapore announced a suspension from 29 January, 12pm of entry or transit for all new visitors with recent Hubei travel history within the last 14 days, or holders of China passports issued in Hubei.
Additionally, crossing at gateways, airports, seaports are put under higher supervision, with strict monitoring and medical check-ups (applied to both humans and items; prohibited against wildlife animals and derivatives).
Later that day, after confirmation of the first three Vietnamese patients, the Prime Minister ordered: further visa restriction only apart from diplomatic work, suspension of activities at border gates (with China) where are still in active, excavation for citizens when necessary, and an emergency alert being considered.
Basra International Airport in Iraq has declared that passengers of any nationality travelling from China to Iraq will be denied entry.
Guests who have traveled through or in mainland China 14 days prior to the scheduled departure of their cruise will not be allowed to board.
Two cruises in June have been canceled and two cruises have been rerouted to arrive or depart in Tokyo instead of Shanghai.
New Zealand has temporarily banned all foreign nationals travelling from, or transiting through mainland China after 2 February to assist the containment of the corona virus into New Zealand the Pacific Islands.
Foreign travelers in transit to New Zealand on 2 February will be subject to enhanced scanning but pending clearance will be allowed into New Zealand.
New Zealand citizens and permanent residents, and their immediate family members, will be allowed to enter New Zealand but must self-isolate for 14 days.
She is best known for reporting on sexual misconduct allegations against Roy Moore, which was widely regarded as having altered the course of the 2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama.
Reinhard received a bachelor's degree in English from the University of Pennsylvania in 1990 and a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University School of Journalism in 1991.
They were awarded the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting and a Special Award of the 69th George Polk Awards for work published in 2017.
Elections to the Dunfermline District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
In June 2014, Mojang modified the EULA of the computer versions of the game to prevent servers from selling microtransactions that unfairly affected gameplay, such as pay-to-win items, only allowing servers to sell cosmetic items.
Other popular servers include MCGamer, released in April 2012, which has over 3.5 million unique players; Wynncraft, released in April 2013, which has over 1 million unique players; and Emenbee, released in 2011, which also has over 1 million unique players.
2b2t, founded in late 2010, is one of the oldest running servers, whose map is also the longest-running unaltered map in the game.
It is near to Bharat Nagar MMTS Station, Rythu Bazaar, TSRTC Bus Stop, Asian Cine Pride, Nalla Pochamma Temple, Bandhan Apartments and Axis bank ATM.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
A Tedder certificate was awarded to citizens of foreign countries who assisted British service personnel to escape from German captivity in Western Europe during the Second World War.
It was issued in the name of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder with individual awards vetted and sanctioned by MI9.
During the First World War the British armed forces awarded the Allied Subjects' Medal to allied or neutral citizens who had rendered assistance to British personnel - often those who had escaped within enemy lines.
During the Second World War the King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom and the King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom were awarded for similar actions, including to many who had provided aid to British personnel evading Axis forces or escaping from captivity.
A committee of the MI9 escape organisation was responsible for drawing up an initial list of potential recipients, vetting applicants and authorising the awards to deserving foreign citizens.
This organisation worked from 1944 to 1952 to determine the fate of missing RAF personnel and to locate their graves across Europe.
MI9 processed more than 35,000 claims from Western Europe in two years alone and also awarded compensation and expenses where applicable.
Care was taken to weed out fraudulent claims, particularly from those who had collaborated with Axis occupiers and were now seeking recognition from the allies as a means of avoiding persecution.
However, as the majority of those who had been helped were airmen the RAF wanted the certificates issued in the name of one of their officers.
Similar certificates were produced for the other theatres of war: the Mediterranean version was signed by Field Marshal Harold Alexander and the Far East version by Admiral of the Fleet Lord Mountbatten.
A Republican from Auburn, Maine, Trafton served in the Maine House of Representatives and was its Speaker from 1955 to 1956.
Byrathi Suresh is a member of the Indian National Congress from the state of Karnataka.He won as MLA from Hebbal constituency.
Gabriel Vinicius Menino (born 29 September 2000), known as Gabriel Menino is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Palmeiras.
He made is debut in January 22, 2020 in the match against Ituano in the Campeonato Paulista, he played all 90 minutes.
It excludes awards for actresses, including film awards for lead actress and television awards for Best Actress, which are covered by separate lists.
David Aldarondo (born October 12, 1969) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 75th district from 2005 to 2013.
Sri Lakshmi Ganapathi Temple and Hindu Cultural Center of Ohio is a Hindu Temple in Columbus, Ohio and serves the Hindu Community of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Area.
A Republican from Orono, Maine, Bates served in the Maine House of Representatives and was its Speaker from 1954 to 1955.
She received the Best Newcomer award at the China News Entertainment Awards and the Outstanding Actress award at the China Internet Radio and Video Convention.
A Republican from Aurora, Maine, Bates served in the Maine House of Representatives and was its Speaker from 1951 to 1952.
His father (Herbert Trafton Silsby), grandfather (Charles Silsby) and great grandfather (Samuel Silsby) all also served in the House, representing Aurora.
He won his first election to the Legislative Yuan in 1990, as a member of the Kuomintang from the Lowland Aborigine Constituency.
Before each performance, a video package will tease clues to their identity with the celebrity narrating aspects of their biography in a disguised voice.
The contestants are then voted on by the audience to see who is safe and continues, or who will compete in a further round of singing in that episode, and possibly elimination.
Nick Cannon, singer-songwriter Robin Thicke, television personality Jenny McCarthy, actor and comedian Ken Jeong, and recording artist Nicole Scherzinger will return for their third season as host and panelists.
Guest panelists will include Jamie Foxx during the first episode, Jason Biggs in the second episode, and Leah Remini in the third episode, among others in later episodes.
The competitors are said to have a combined 69 Grammy nominations, 88 gold records, 11 Super Bowl appearances, three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, hundreds of tattoos, and one title in the Guinness Book of World Records.
On 23 January 2020, the central government of the People's Republic of China imposed a lockdown in Wuhan, Hubei in an effort to quarantine the epicenter of a newly discovered novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV to prevent an epidemic.
Within hours of the Wuhan Lockdown, travel restrictions were also imposed on the nearby cities of Huanggang and Ezhou, and were eventually imposed on 12 other cities in the province of Hubei, affecting a total of about 52 million people.
On 2 February 2020, a 7-day restriction was imposed on Wenzhou, Zhejiang whereby each household was allowed to have a person leave home for provision every other day.
14 of the 54 highway exits in Wenzhou were also closed, effectively placing the city of about 9 million, and the first outside of Hubei, in semi-lockdown.
With a population of over 11 million, it is the largest city in Hubei, the most populous city in Central China, the seventh-most populous Chinese city, and one of the nine National Central Cities of China.
Wuhan lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain, on the confluence of the Yangtze River and its largest tributary, the Han River.
It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city and connecting to other major cities.
In mid-December 2019, an emerging cluster of people, many linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, were infected with pneumonia with no clear causes.
On 10 January 2020, the first case of death and 41 clinically confirmed infections caused by the novel coronavirus were reported.
By 22 January 2020, the novel coronavirus had spread to major cities and provinces in China, with 571 confirmed cases and 17 deaths reported.
Confirmed cases were also reported in other regions and countries, including Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, South Korea and the United States.
At 2am on 23 January 2020, authorities issued a notice informing residents of Wuhan that from 10am, all public transport, including buses, railways, flights, and ferry services would be suspended.
The lockdown came two days before the Chinese New Year, the most important festival in the country, and traditionally the peak traveling season, when millions of Chinese travel across the country.
Following the lockdown of Wuhan, public transportation systems in two of Wuhan's neighboring prefecture-level cities, Huanggang and Ezhou, were also placed on lockdown.
A total of 12 other county to prefecture-level cities in Hubei, including Huangshi, Jingzhou, Yichang, Xiaogan, Jingmen, Suizhou, Xianning, Qianjiang, Xiantao, Shiyan, Tianmen and Enshi, were placed on traveling restrictions by the end of 24 January, bringing the number of people affected by the restriction to more than 50 million.
The exodus from Wuhan before the lockdown has resulted in angry responses on Weibo from residents in other cities who are concerned that it could result in spreading of the novel coronavirus to their cities.
However, WHO clarified that the move is not a recommendation that WHO had made and authorities have to wait and see how effective it is.
The CSI 300 Index, an aggregate measure of the top 300 stocks in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, slumped almost 3% on 23 January 2020, the biggest single-day loss in almost 9 months, after the Wuhan lockdown was announced as investors spooked by the drastic measure sought safe haven for their investments.
It also drew comparisons to the lockdown of the poor West Point neighborhood in Liberia during the 2014 ebola outbreak, which was lifted after ten days.
The lockdown has caused panic in the city of Wuhan, and many have expressed concern about the city's ability to cope with the outbreak.
It remains unknown whether the large costs of this measure, both financially and in terms of personal liberty, will translate to effective infection control.
The team was founded in 2019 to compete in Súper Liga Americana de Rugby and is the rugby section of the Peñarol multi sport club.
In 1982, the Hindu Temple of Toledo organization was formed and in 1989, the first permanent building for the Hindu Temple was built.
The temple serves over 400 Hindu families in the Toledo Metropolitan Area along with 300 Indian students at University of Toledo and Bowling Green State University.
Since 2003, HTT has been a member of the local multifaith council of Toledo, dedicated to spreading knowledge of Hinduism and having a dialogue with other religious bodies.
While still in his teens, however, he left to join a contemporary Christian band; he was with Truth for around two years.
In 2003, during the final months of the long Broadway run of Les Misérables, Eldred was understudy and performer in the starring role, Jean Valjean.
Richard was the builder of Richard's Castle in Herefordshire, one of the few castles that predate the Norman Conquest in England.
Osbern added to the lands he had held in 1066 not only by inheritance from his father, but also from his marriage, from royal gifts, and by enfeoffment from other landholders such as the bishop of Worcester and the Robert de Montgomery, the earl of Shrewsbury.
Osbern served as a royal judge in Worcestershire during the 1080s, and in 1088 took the side of the baronial rebels against King William II.
Both Hugh and Nesta were the children of his wife, but Osbern perhaps had another son, Turstin, who is named as the brother of Hugh fitzOsbern in a charter of Osbern fitzPons.
In the 12th century, the spring was on land that belonged to the Bishop of London and was used as farmland.
Healing powers were attributed to this source and it was therefore consecrated to the Virgin Maria and a chapel built in its place for the pilgrimage to take place.
The part of the park in question was sold in 1899, the lake drained and the watercourse moved underground to build Grove Avenue and Rosebery Road.
Luciano Angeloni (2 December 1917 – 9 May 1996) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
25 January 1994 he was appointed to a 5-year term as a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.
The song was very popular in Europe in the summer of 1998 and reached number 2 in France, number 4 in Belgium and number 9 in the Netherlands.
Now, the Nomads' wanderings are taking them to the rest of Europe, via a licensing deal with Sony, with their mixture of Arab-Andalusian music blended with African rhythms and electronic touches, a la Deep Forest.
The Ministry of Commerce, Industries and Tourism of the Republic of Somaliland () () is a cabinet ministry in the government of Somaliland.
The Battle of Tjiater Pass was a battle which occurred between 5 and 7 March 1942 during the Dutch East Indies campaign between invading Japanese forces and the Dutch colonial forces, supported by warplanes from the Royal Air Force.
Following Dutch withdrawal from most urban centers in Java in the aftermath of Japanese landings and the loss of the Kalijati airfield, remaining KNIL units established a defensive perimeter in the mountain passes around Bandung in the hopes of regrouping with retreating KNIL and Australian units abandoning Batavia and Buitenzorg.
Despite the Japanese forces, led by Colonel Toshinari Shōji, being numerically inferior, they opted to launch an attack on the spread-out Dutch forces in order to prevent a possible counterattack.
Benefiting from air superiority and better training than their KNIL counterparts, Japanese soldiers successfully stormed and captured the undermanned defensive positions guarding the pass after three days of fighting, securing their path to Bandung after capturing the town of Lembang.
Before any combat could happen in Bandung, Dutch forces who wished to avoid destruction of the city had surrendered, leading to the eventual capitulation of the entirety of the Dutch East Indies to Japan.
After a victory in the Battle of the Java Sea, Japanese land forces landed in the island of Java in three main locations, including one detachment led by Colonel Toshinari Shōji landing at Eretan Wetan, in what is today Indramayu, on dawn of 1 March 1942.
The detachment quickly secured the Kalijati airfield and surrounding territories, allowing for the forward deployment of the Japanese air support (from the 3rd Air Division under Major General Endō Saburō).
From Japanese-controlled territories in Subang, there were two paths leading to the Bandung plateau - through Purwakarta, or through the less-developed roads of the Tjiater Pass on the foothills of the Tangkuban Perahu.
Dutch forces attempted to launch counterattacks via the Tjiater Pass on 2 and 3 March to recapture the Kalijati airfield, but the attempts failed.
Pesman had at his disposal around 9,000 men, including 5,900 from his original force within the KNIL and augmented by the attachment of KNIL's 2nd infantry regiment and a batallion, but the units were split as they had to defend multiple locations at once.
In terms of air forces, there were 27 operational combat airplanes available to the KNIL forces - comprising 12 bombers, 11 fighters, and 4 reconnaissance aircraft.
Both passes which allowed motor access into Bandung were fortified by the Dutch, and the men guarding the fortifications were commanded by Colonel W.J.
Shōji's forces had been expected by the command of the Sixteenth Army to simply hold onto captured positions in Kalijati and onto crossings for the Citarum River, and to wait for further reinforcements in form of the 2nd Division, approaching from the west.
However, due to constant air raids from allied aircraft sapping the potency of his air support and the threat of further counterattacks, Shōji opted to launch an attack on Bandung instead, concentrating his forces in order to launch an attack through Tjiater.
His detachment comprised around 3,000 men who were better trained and more experienced than their KNIL counterparts, and out of these somewhere around 2,000 to 2,400 men were deployed in the battle.
The Japanese were estimated to have 39 aircraft available for operations - including 14 bombers, 14 assault airplanes, 10 fighters, and a single reconnaissance aircraft.
Tjiater's fortifications on the northern end of the mountain pass had been designed to be held by an infantry regiment, and consisted of trenches, two lines of casemates, and barbed wire obstacle, with the first defensive line measuring about two kilometers in length and located right in front of a ravine.
At the start of the battle, it was manned by one infantry batallion, reinforced by two additional platoons and several support units.
There was also a secondary defensive line at the southern end of the mountain pass, though it was not fully constructed.
The northern fortifications were undermanned, with only one infantry company holding the first line and the fortification itself having only limited operationality due to a lack of laborers following the Japanese invasion.
On the morning of 4 March, both sides launched air raids on one another, the Dutch and the Royal Air Force aircraft targeting potential new Japanese troop landings and the Kalijati airfield while the Japanese targeted the Dutch airbase at Andir and forward Dutch defenses.
Air raids continued on both Andir and Kalijati in the early morning of the following day, accompanied by aerial reconnaissance missions.
The land battle for the pass began around noon of 5 March, when Japanese vanguard light tanks encountered Dutch fortifications in form of pillboxes and a 5-cm gun.
Dutch defenders were supported by just a single battery of four guns, which did not have a significant effect on the fighting.
After around three hours of combat, Japanese infantrymen had approached the forward defenses and around 50 men were withdrawn, with the 5-cm gun being destroyed and a bridge crossing the ravine ahead of the fortifications blown up.
As the Dutch soldiers retreated, the main first line of defenses began firing at the Japanese soldiers with mortars and machine guns, initially doing some damage before the Japanese responded with their own mortars.
Within half an hour, Japanese infantrymen had infiltrated unmanned sections of the defensive line and attempted to encircle the defending company, forcing a retreat to the second line, around 500 meters away.
The second line had poor visibility for artillery observers and some equipment such as searchlights and radio had been abandoned in the retreat.
By 4 PM, Japanese soldiers were firmly entrenched in the first line and exchanged fire with Dutch troops in the second line, but did not manage to dislodge the defenders.
As dusk approached, the reinforcements arrived in the vicinity, but were prevented from entering the second line due to some Japanese soldiers who managed to infiltrate the lines.
On 6 March, the Japanese initially assessed that the defensive line was held by some 3,000 soldiers with a number of guns, but after the interrogation of a captured prisoner of war they found out that the defenders were considerably less than their assessment.
There were also a large number of Japanese air raids, with hundreds of bombs being dropped, destroying vehicles and eroding Dutch morale.
The initial infantry attacks on 6 March were launched against the western section of the defensive line at around 5:30 AM, which was initially repelled, and so was a second assault which was launched following an air raid.
Japanese commanders, however, followed with a third wave supported by mortar fire and three tanks, which was successful in breaking the two infantry companies holding the section under attack.
Between 30 to 50 were killed in combat from the two companies, and a further 75 were captured and massacred by the Japanese, leaving just six survivors.
In the afternoon, the Japanese had managed to outflank the defenses, launching an attack against the defenders which was pushed back by a Dutch counterattack.
However, de Veer was killed in the counterattack and the fortifications were evacuated after the assault was repelled, and the remaining defenders were ordered to withdraw to Lembang.
Once the positions were captured, the Japanese were in control of the ridgeline of the mountain pass, and the Dutch forces were left in poor reserve defenses.
At night on 7 March, the Japanese forces moved in and occupied Lembang, and there at around 7:30 PM they received a Dutch messenger carrying a flag of truce.
While the Dutch initially intended to discuss the capitulation of KNIL soldiers exclusively in the Bandung area, Japanese 16th Army Commander Hitoshi Imamura decided to demand the total capitulation of allied forces in the Dutch East Indies, during negotiations held the following day in Kalijati Airfield.
Due to the threat of continued fighting in Bandung, which was filled with a large number of refugees, the Dutch authorities broadcast their general surrender on noon on 9 March.
The tournament has a smaller set of fixtures than previous editions to accommodate the 2019–20 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, and is being used as preparation for the first Test match against the Pakistan cricket team.
In the opening round of matches Tamim Iqbal, batting for East Zone, made the highest score in first-class cricket by a Bangladeshi batsman, with 334 not out.
Alford received his bachelor's degree with first-class honors from Oxford in 1984 and his master's and doctoral degrees from Harvard in 1988 and 1990, respectively, under the supervision of Sidney Coleman.
Afterwards he held postdoctoral positions at the University of California, Santa Barbara Institute for Theoretical Physics (now the Kavli Institute), Cornell's Laboratory of Nuclear Studies, the Institute for Advanced Study, and the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics.
The North Carolina Press Association (NCPA) is an American, nonprofit organization devoted to protecting and promoting newspapers and freedom of the press in the state of North Carolina.
It was established in 1872 in Charlotte, North Carolina and met for its first convention on May 14, 1873 in Goldsboro, North Carolina.
At the suggestion of Jospeh Adolphus Engelhard, the North Carolina newspaper journalist met in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1872 to organize an association that would become the NCPA.
On May 14, 1873, the first convention of the NCPA was held in the court house on Walnut Street in Goldsboro, North Carolina.
The original motives for the formation of the North Carolina Press Association in 1873 was the concern about quack advertising and the need to form a fraternity for newspaper persons.
The association held annual meetings and often provided recommendations to the North Carolina General Assembly on issues such as improving education, post offices and roads; the need for accurate information about state resources such as minerals; poor reading habits in the state; and improving the profession of journalism in the stte.
In 1949, the NCPA organized a School of Journalism Foundation, Inc. that aided in the development of the school of journalism at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
In the later part of the 1900s, the NCPA became an advocate for First Amendment freedom, especially concerning full access to government and judicial information.
Membership in the North Carolina Press Association includes almost all North Carolina state, county, and community newspapers; collegiate members; and corporate/associate members.
He obtained his bachelor of laws (LLB) degree in 1973 from the University of Ghana and subsequently received his qualifying Certificate in Law from the Ghana School of Law in 1975.
Prior to Gbadegbe's appointment to the Supreme Court of Ghana in 2009, he had served on the Ghaanaian bench for twenty (20) years.
In 1999, he was elevated to the Court of Appeal and he remained in that post until 2009 when he was appointed justice of the Supreme Court.
The union was founded on 6 June 1913, with the merger of numerous local port, sailors' and transport workers' unions, giving it an initial membership of 8,000.
During World War I, the union was largely inactive, but it was revived in 1919, and created a new section for ships' stewards.
The union was successful in the early 1920s, and in 1925 was able to fund the construction of a sanatorium, De Mick.
It took part in a major strike at the port in Antwerp in 1928, and then in the Belgian general strike of 1936.
During World War II, the union was forced to stop activity in the Netherlands, but a few leaders including Omer Becu escaped to the United Kingdom and were able to keep the union running from there.
In 1947, the Belgian Union of Tramway and Municipal Transport Workers merged into the union, and immediately became its largest sector, just ahead of its port membership, but it split away again in the early 1950s.
The Ministry of Planning & National Devolopment of the Republic of Somaliland (MoP) () () is a cabinet ministry of the Government of Somaliland which is responsible for financial and public policy development institution of the Government of Somaliland.
The ministry undertakes research studies and state policy development initiatives for the growth of national economy and the expansion of the public and state infrastructure of the country.
Muslim ibn Sa'id ibn Aslam ibn Zur'ah ibn Amr ibn Khuwaylid al-Sa'iq al-Kilabi was governor of Khurasan for the Umayyad Caliphate in 723–724.
Muslim had a distinguished ancestry: his grandfather Aslam served as governor of Khurasan in 671–675, and his father Sa'id was a partisan of the powerful governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, who rewarded his loyalty by appointing him as governor of Makran.
His first official post was as a provincial sub-governor under the governor of Basra, Adi ibn Artat, and he reportedly acquitted himself well.
Muslim became a companion to the governor of Iraq, Umar ibn Hubayra, who in 722/723 appointed him as governor of Khurasan, replacing Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi.
He took office at a sensitive time, as widespread unrest among the native Iranian and Turkic populations of newly conquered Transoxiana had been brutally suppressed by al-Harashi.
In the next year, he resolved to launch an expedition with the goal of seizing the Ferghana Valley, which had been lost during the unrest of the previous years.
The campaign faced difficulties already in its early stages, when the news arrived of the accession of a new Caliph, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, and the appointment of a new governor of Iraq, Khalid al-Qasri.
This brought the long-simmering tribal rivalries of the Arabs of Khurasan came to the fore: anticipating the immediate recall of al-Kilabi, the Yemeni (southern Arab) troops in Balkh refused to join the campaign, and had to be coerced by a force of Mudaris (northern Arabs) under Nasr ibn Sayyar, who clashed with them at Baruqan.
The campaign eventually went ahead as Khalid al-Qasri wrote to al-Kilabi, urging him to proceed with it until his replacement, Khalid's brother Asad, arrived in Khurasan.
Al-Kilabi moved his army up the Jaxartes valley to Ferghana and laid siege to its main settlement, but news of the approach of the Türgesh forced him to hastily retreat south.
After several days, with the Türgesh in close pursuit, the Umayyad army found its path blocked by the native princes who had allied with the Türgesh.
Al-Kilabi surrendered the leadership of the army to Abd al-Rahman ibn Na'im al-Ghamidi, who led the remnants of the army back to Samarkand.
Some of the Khurasani Arabs are said to have lashed Muslim after his dismissal, for his role in causing the battle at Baruqan, but al-Ghamidi interceded to make them stop.
The men's 75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place on 22 September at the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium.
He was also a poet who played a major role in the rebellion of the Free Burghers against the government of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, while also write poems about this uprising and life at the Cape.
In 1701 he was already undertaking his third voyage to the East in his post as chief physician, where he made his way to the Cape in July 1702.
On his return to Holland he re-entered the Cape in 1706 and took the famous petition of Adam Tas, against the government of Willem Adriaan van der Stel, on April 4, 1706 to Holland.
Later he also wrote in favor of the farmers in the two parts of Historical Travels through the eastern parts of Asia and in his De Gedichten.
This drama is remarkable in that at the end of the drama, seven main characters have died, either through murder, accident or suicide.
These deaths can be seen as comments on the selfishness and immorality of each of these characters and their death is then a way of restoring the moral order.
John Lomas (1920–2019) was an RAF intelligence officer during the Second World War, when he decoded German communications at Bletchley Park.
Great Asby Scar was first designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1969 and the designation covers an area of about 350 hectares or 864 acres.
It was also designated as a National Nature Reserve in 1976 and that designation covers an area of about 165.7 hectares or 409.5 acres.
As the area is quite exposed, the vegetation tends to grow in the crevices between the limestone blocks which are known as grykes.
Four-term Democratic senator Pat Harrison died June 22, 1941 and Democrat James Eastland was appointed June 30, 1941 to continue the term.
Democrat Wall Doxey won the September 29, 1941 special election, but would later lose renomination to Eastland for the next term in 1942.
James F. Byrnes (Democratic) had resigned July 8, 1941 and Alva Lumpkin (Democratic) was appointed July 22, 1941 to continue the term.
Lumpkin died, however, August 1, 1941, so Roger C. Peace (Democratic) was then appointed August 5, 1941 to continue the term.
Governor Burnet R. Maybank took the most votes in the September 2, 1941 Democratic primary over Governor Olin Johnston and Representative Joseph R. Bryson.
Maybank won the general election unopposed and would serve through two general elections (1942 and 1948) until his death in 1954.
Democrat Morris Sheppard died April 9, 1941 and Democrat Andrew Jackson Houston was appointed April 21, 1941 to continue the term.
It is in a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which also includes the surrounding moorland and limestone pavement of Little Asby Scar.
While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Glamorgan at Oxford in 1999.
Bond batted once in the match, scoring 6 runs in Oxford's first-innings before he was dismissed by Mike Powell, while with his right-arm medium pace bowling, he took the wickets of David Harrison and Ismail Dawood in Glamorgan's second-innings, finishing with match figures of 2 for 74.
They were most prominent in the later 19th and early 20th centuries, most famously in Tammany Hall of New York City.
The 4 men's national veteran's teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of over 11 players, including one or two goalkeepers.
The 2020 Women's Central American Cricket Championship is a cricket tournament scheduled to be held in Belize from 1 – 3 May 2020.
It will be the second edition of the Central American Championship since the ICC granted Twenty20 International (T20I) status to matches between all of its Members.
A walled enclosure surrounded most of the knoll and, on the western side, the eight-foot thick walls extended the steep escarpment of the knoll to form a significant obstacle.
There were about a dozen stone huts built into the walls of the enclosure so that the central space was open.
The substantial wall, elevation and surrounding stone pavement made the settlement well-fortified and better protected than other comparable settlements, which only aimed to deter light raids and thefts of stock.
The outside slabs at the base of the wall have all been ripped out which indicates that the wall was destroyed by hostile action.
The later medieval shieling was a rectangle of about 24 x 10 yards (22 x 9 metres) next to the south wall.
It was inaugurated in 2014, with 150 sand sculptures on display, on a one-acre land at the base of Chamundi Hills.
Each of the sculptures was created by sand artist MN Gowri and based on a theme such as Mysore's cultural heritage, wildlife and religion.
After dropping out during the second year of her mechanical engineering course, MN Gowri received training in computer animation during which she created three-dimensional models using 3ds Max software.
Upon receiving appreciation for her work, she decided to start a sand sculpture museum on a one-acre leased land at the base of Chamundi Hills, by taking a loan of 20 lakh.
The sculptures covered up to 16 different themes, largely dealing with Mysore's cultural heritage, wildlife and religion (mainly Hinduism, Islam and Christianity).
Among the subjects of the sculptures displayed at the museum were Ganesha, Mysore Dasara, Santa Claus, Christmas tree, zodiac wheel, Islamic culture, Disneyland, marine life, Laughing Buddha, Chamundeshwari, Gitopadesha and Cauvery River.
Egon Hartmann (24 August 1919 – 6 December 2009) was a German architect and city planner who won prizes for his city planning concepts for both East and West Berlin.
However, he was drafted into the army in January 1939 and was among the troops that entered Prague during the invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.
In late 1944, he was severely wounded in the Courland Pocket, and lost his lower jaw, which made him undergo 48 surgeries and caused him problems for the rest of his life.
In 1962, he obtained a doctoral degree from TH Darmstadt with a thesis about the city development of Mainz, supervised by Max Guther and Karl Gruber.
From 1950 to 1954, Hartmann worked for the city and town planning office of Thuringia, becoming its chief architect in 1951.
In 1954, he did not return from a vacation in Austria, but went to West Germany and took up a position as city planner in Mainz, where he worked among other things on a concept for the post-war reconstruction of the city.
In 1958, he won a second prize in a West German competition to plan the reconstruction of Berlin, the same prize level as Hans Scharoun and beating Le Corbusier, whose entry was not ranked.
Having been sidelined and with his urban planning initiatives not supported in Mainz, Hartmann moved to Munich in 1959, where he became city director of constructions in 1964 and worked until his retirement in 1976.
At the time of its inauguration in 2017, the museum exhibited 130 works of Radha Mallappa, including the world's tallest seashell sculpture of Ganesha (11 feet).
Among other prominent works on display at the museum are a 10-foot tall Taj Mahal replica, a 12-foot tall idol of Shiva and a 13-foot tall model of St. Philomena's Church.
Between 1803 and 1807, he obtained private lessons in mathematics, physics, astronomy and navigation from a teacher at the Emden Navigation School.
He was an assistant professor at the University of Rome for two years, until 1928 when he moved to his alma mater Scuola Normale Superiore, where he was a professor for 8 years and produced research works in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, mathematical analysis, and theory of series, with highly significant results being obtained on the Goldbach conjecture and Hilbert's seventh problem.
Ricci moved to the University of Milano towards the end of 1936, where he remained as a professor for 36 years until his death on 9 September 1973.
Giovanni Prodi (28 July 1925 – 29 January 2010) was an Italian mathematician, also known for many activities concerning the teaching of mathematics.
He was the eldest among 9 siblings, which included former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi, member of the European Parliament Vittorio Prodi, and the medical scientist Giorgio Prodi.
In 1944, he deserted the Army along with several comrades and returned to Parma, where he was taken prisoner by the advancing Allies.
He held the chair of mathematical analysis at the University of Trieste from 1956 to 1963, and then at the University of Pisa.
He was also interested in improving mathematics education, proposing radical new ideas on mathematical teaching, emphasising on probability theory, constructive mathematics and promoting algorithmic thinking and problem solving.
After several years of deteriorating health due to Parkinson's disease, he died as a result of a cardiac arrest caused due to it in 2010.
The A. Nico Habermann Award is offered by the Computing Research Association to individuals in recognition of contributions aimed at increasing the involvement of underrepresented communities in computing research.
He served as chair of the computer science and engineering department from 2001 to 2006, during which he helped to open the Paul G. Allen Center for Computer Science & Engineering.
He is also one of the two people after whom the Harrold and Notkin Research and Graduate Mentoring Award, given by the National Center for Women & Information Technology, is named.
In February 2013, the University of Washington announced the creation of the David Notkin Endowed Graduate Fellowship in Computer Science & Engineering, in an event attended by over 300 computer science students at the university to recognise Notkin's contributions.
In the 16th–17th centuries, the village was one of the core properties of the Giedroyć family who funded the monastery for the and the Church of St. Lawrence.
The monastery honored Michał Giedroyć (died in 1485) who was possibly born in the village and was officially beatified in 2018.
According to the Palemonid legends, the village takes the name from its founder Duke Vidas (Hurda) Ginvilaitis, grandson of Duke Giedrius and ancestor of the Giedroyć family.
The village was first mentioned in written sources in 1367 in a peace treaty of Grand Duke Algirdas and Duke Kęstutis with the Livonian Order.
The village was mentioned in the chronicle of Hermann von Wartberge in 1373 and 1375 when it was attacked during the Lithuanian Crusade.
The coat of arms depict a four-leaf rose which alludes to the Poraj coat of arms used by the Giedroyć family.
The village had 239 residents in 1863, 255 in 1879, 284 in 1923, 282 in 1959, 268 in 1970, 316 in 1979, 403 in 1989, and 415 in 2001.
According to a story recorded by Maciej Stryjkowski, Duke Daumantas (later confused with historical Daumantas of Pskov), son of Vidas from the legendary Palemonid dynasty, built a castle near Videniškiai.
It is likely built by , Court Marshall of Lithuania, or his son , Voivode of Mstsislaw, in the mid-16th century.
The church was named after the Holy Trinity and was attended by priests from the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius.
Michał Giedroyć (died 1485) was a member of the Canons Regular of Penance and was venerated for his piousness (he was officially beatified only in 2018).
A chapel with a crypt was added in 1631 to the monastery church to act as a mausoleum for the Giedroyć family.
The first monastery was a small wooden structure that could house twelve monks, but it became a center of the Canons Regular of Penance in Lithuania.
The monastery also maintained a parish school (it possibly dates to 1600 when Merkelis Giedraitis left some sums for a school in his last will) and a rudimentary hospital/shelter for the sick and elderly ().
In 1783, Józef Kossakowski, Bishop of Livonia, received a papal bull from Pope Pius VI and seized the monastery and its land.
Bishop of Vilnius Ignacy Jakub Massalski and the Canons Regular of Penance sued and recovered the monastery and received cash compensation, but lost the land.
After the Uprising of 1831, Tsarist authorities closed all monasteries (except one in Vilnius) of the Canons Regular of Penance in 1832.
After the prolonged restoration, a museum was opened in the former monastery on 4 May 2015 (the 530th death anniversary of Michał Giedroyć).
The figures are usually identified with the monastery founder and the first monastery superior Hippolit Rzepnicki, but it is possible that the second epitaph depicts Merkelis Giedraitis.
It was reworked by Wacław Biernacki in the early 20th century but has retained the original casing which is one of the older surviving casings in Lithuania.
As head of the Hasdeu Municipal Library, she extended the library network opening nine branches in Chișinău focused mainly on Romanian literature.
She graduated in Philology (librarianship section) at the State University of Moldova in 1973, having Ion Osadcenco and Anatol Ciobanu among her professors.
Either in 1989 or in 1990 Kulikovski became the director of the Hasdeu Municipal Library, a position she held until 2013.
Representing the Municipal Library of Chișinău, Kulikovski has visited a number of renowned international libraries, such as the Library of Congress, the National Library of China, Centre Pompidou, the Royal Library of Denmark, as well as municipal libraries in Finland, Greece, Russia, Israel, Romania, Ukraine, etc.
Aside from her scientific activity, Kulikovski is also a professor at the State University of Moldova, Journalism faculty, department of Librarianship, where she lectures on librarianship, book sociology, and library management.
As head of the Hasdeu Municipal Library, Kulikovski is best known for de-ideologizing the library's collection of books and documents, and for extending the library's network.
In this connection, she sought Romanian help to open nine subsidiary libraries in Chișinău containing mainly Romanian literature, and she pioneered an ethnic diversity project that led to the opening of subsidiaries with Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Bulgarian, Jewish, and Gagauz literature.
Maria Elise Turner Lauder (pen name Toofie Lauder, also known as Maria Elise Turner de Touffe Lauder; 20 February 1833 – 1 June 1922) was a Canadian teacher, linguist, and author who travelled extensively in Europe.
Lauder was of Norman and Huguenot descent, her ancestors having escaped from France to Germany at the time of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
Her father was Whitcomb Powers Toof (or Whitcombe de Touffe) (d. 1836), and her mother was Phoebe Harriet Perry (1807–1875), who descended from United Empire Loyalists family of Vermont.
Lauder was a fair linguist, joining a knowledge of Latin and Greek to that of several modern languages, the latter of which she spoke fluently.
He became a prominent barrister in that city, where he affiliated with the Conservative Party, serving for several years as a member of the Ontario Legislature.
The Lauders had one child, the pianist, William Waugh Lauder, for whom she was the sole teacher until he was eleven years old.
For this, she travelled extensively, residing in Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy, and visiting many parts of Europe, accompanied by her husband and son.
During her residence abroad, she formed the friendship of several musical celebrities and authors, and, armed with an introductory letter from the widely known author and musical critic, Oscar Paul, of the Royal Conservatorium der Musik in Leipzig, she took William to Sachse-Weimar, where he studied with Franz Liszt.
There, she was presented at the royal court to Umberto I and Queen Margherita, and was honoured with private audiences with the queen, and invitations, both in the Quirinal Palace and the Palace of Capodimonte in Naples.
She wrote a tribute poem upon the death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, as well as poems honoring Queen Victoria, King Edward, and King George.
He then studied at the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, followed by a German university (where he followed a Philosophy degree), and finally a university in Romania – without graduating any.
He started his career in entertainment by briefly working at a radio station, then entered the television business when he joined Jurnal TV in 2010.
Scrap and the Pirates, also Skrallan and the Pirates (original title: Skrållan och Sjörövarna) is a children's book written by Astrid Lindgren.
She watches her grandfather Melcher and her father Peter eagerly roofing the house, while her mother Malin hangs up the laundry.
On Sea Crow Island there are also Tjorven, her dog Bootsmann, her two parents Nisse and Märta, as well as Stina and her grandfather.
Yvonne Bauer from Stern believes that the story is far away from dealing with the pragmatic everyday topics that are described in most current children's books.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Sacramento's season.
The 2009 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the 3rd edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom.
The Ministry of Agricultural Devolopment of the Republic of Somaliland (MoA) () () is a government ministry of Somaliland responsible for agriculture.
The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing the agricultural policies, forestry, water resources, irrigation, promotion and development of farmers and cooperative systems.
Robert Francis Byrnes (30 December 1917, Waterville, New York – 19 June 1997, Ocean Isle, North Carolina) was an American professor of history, specializing in Russian history and Kremlinology.
He became a graduate student at Harvard University in 1939, where he took a survey course in Russian history from Michael Karpovich and studied basic Russian under Samuel H. Cross (1891–1946).
In 1943 Byrnes became a civilian employee of the military intelligence services, specializing in intelligence for the American bombing campaign against the Japanese electronics industry.
On a leave of absence from Rutgers, he spent two years from 1948 to 1950 as a senior postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University's new Russian Institute.
In 1950 he returned to teaching at Rutgers University, but in 1951 he took another leave of absence to work as a researcher for the Office of National Estimates organized by William L. Langer under the auspices of the newly established Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
He was a member of the board of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, a trustee of Boston College, a senior fellow at Georgetown University's Center for Strategic and International Studies, and a research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institute.
He is best known today for engravings by Abraham Blooteling, Jan Verkolje and others, mostly depicting his expressive heads of people in various activities.
According to Statistics Sweden, as of 31 December 2017 2,472 people of Yemenian descent live in Sweden, of which 2.191 were born in Yemen and 281 born in Sweden.
Broderick earned her Bachelor of Arts from Trinity College, her Masters Degree from George Washington University and her Juris Doctor from Columbus School of Law in 1981.
On February 11, 1997, President Bill Clinton nominated Broderick to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Harriett Rosen Taylor.
On August 30, 2013, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint her to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
The Yewdale Beck arises from the confluence of Henfoot Beck and Swallow Scar Beck, as well as other unnamed tributaries east of Wetherlam.
The Yewdale Beck first flows in an easterly direction before it turns south-west of the settlement of Lower Tilberthwaite, which it changes again at the northern edge of the town of Coniston to the southeast.
Briones attended Millikan Middle School and the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts, and graduated from the latter in March 2017.
In 1992, a skull fragment found in a wooded area of Baldwin, Pennsylvania, United States, was determined to be that of Michael Rosenblum, who had last been seen alive driving away from a nearby gas station on February 14, 1980.
This left unsettled allegations his father had made in the years since his son's disappearance that the local police had not only caused his death but had actively covered up their role in it.
One allegation, that the police department's clerk had forged another officer's signature on a backdated letter, was proven when he confessed during an official inquiry.
No other employee was ever disciplined; after the borough council fired the chief over his purported role in the alleged misconduct he was later reinstated by the borough's civil service commission, a majority of whom were close friends of the chief.
Michael's father, Maurice Rosenblum, spent a lot of his own money, and made use of his political connections, to keep the case alive; he also received some anonymous tips pointing to police misconduct, one of which led to the Baldwin council's inquiry.
Michael Rosenblum was born in 1954, the only son of Barbara and Maurice Rosenblum of Pittsburgh's Shadyside neighborhood, where he grew up.
By his late teens he began using drugs and alcohol heavily, which led to trouble with the law and a reciprocal fear of the police on his part;he often fled, at one point leading police on a car cash, and sometimes violently resisted arrest.
Between 1974 and 1980 Pittsburgh Police had arrested him three times on traffic violations, including driving while intoxicated, and drug possession; Maurice confiscated his son's Datsun 240Z as a result.
Maurice determined that his son's problems had begun in earnest after Michael had made the acquaintance of a doctor near the family's Jersey Shore summer home in Beach Haven who wrote the boy hundreds of prescriptions for drugs he abused such as Percodan, Valium and Tussionex whenever he called.
Michael, whose friends recalled that he had always easily attracted women due to his charm and intelligence, became romantically involved with Sharer, then estranged from her second husband, by the time both were released.
He told Michael that if he really wanted to live well and drive a 240Z, he would have to work for it.
Upon his retirement in 2014, outgoing Baldwin mayor Alexander Bennett, a lifelong resident of the borough who had served as a police officer for 22 years before retiring from that position in 1992 and entering politics shortly thereafter, reflected on how friendly and safe the community had been at the middle of the 20th century.
At the beginning of 1980 Aldo Gaburri had been chief of the Baldwin police for the last six of his 37 years on the force.
He owned four properties in the borough and a lot in rural Gilmore Township, south of the Pittsburgh area near the West Virginia state line.
He had a close relationship with the borough's mayor, Samuel McPherson, that reportedly extended to him dismissing traffic tickets at McPherson's request, and even covering up a traffic accident involving McPherson's son.
Later in the month, he got a speeding ticket in Pittsburgh, which he decided to retain a lawyer to deal with.
On February 13, suspecting her son was using again since he appeared to be under the influence, Barbara Rosenblum searched his room and found a container of pills.
Michael left and went to see Sharer; taking her out to a local nightclub so she could apply for a waitressing job, then returning with her to her adoptive mother's house in Whitehall, southeast of the city.
He woke up with some residual effects from the drugs he had taken the night before, and Sharer took him to a local hospital at 10 a.m., frantically urging him to check himself in as his eyes appeared to her be regularly rolling back in his head.
Michael steadfastly refused to; staff at the hospital recalled that he did not seem impaired at this time although they did strongly suggest he check in.
The couple, along with Sharer's three-year-old daughter, left together in Sharer's Pontiac Sunbird, headed north on Pennsylvania Route 885, intending to take the Homestead High Level Bridge towards the Rosenblum home, where Michael had decided to return.
He had also scheduled a 12:30 p.m. meeting in downtown Pittsburgh with the lawyer he had hired to represent him in the speeding-ticket case.
After Sharer drove over a curb when she turned to enter Homestead, she pulled into a gas station on Main Street in West Homestead to get out and see if she had gotten a flat tire in the process.
The two argued loudly, enough to prompt the gas station owner to call the police, but then Michael decided he would drive, and got into the driver's seat.
Michael told them to meet him at his mother's house; they instead hitchhiked back to Oakland in the city, where Sharer checked herself back in to Western.
There were no confirmed sightings of him alive by anyone who is known to have discussed it publicly or with investigators afterwards.
Within an hour it was reported as abandoned in the westbound lane of East Carson Street, also known as River Road, a stretch of Pennsylvania Route 837 between two sets of railroad tracks along the south bank of the Monongahela River below a wooded bluff in a discontiguous, uninhabited section of Baldwin.
At 12:24 p.m. two borough police officers, Chester Lombardi and Robert Weber, arrived on the scene, a quarter-mile (400 m) west of the Glenwood Bridge.
Both left side tires were shredded beyond repair; the vehicle had apparently been operated on its rims after the tires were damaged since the rims were also severely damaged to the point that they, too, would have to be replaced if the vehicle were to operable again.
The interior was filled with assorted items, including hundreds of photographs, to the point that Weber gave up searching its contents shortly after he started.
The following day she called Barbara Rosenblum and told her that Michael had not returned; as far she knew, he still had the Sunbird.
While Maurice believed he would return within a day or two or call within that time, Barbara immediately feared that harm had befallen Michael and he was dead, noting that it was not characteristic of him to do something like this without letting them know of his plans beforehand.
Theresa Rocco, head of the department's missing person unit, immediately began a search, focusing on finding the Sunbird first; eventually she would reach out to police in every state and major city.
Maurice began his own search after two weeks of police effort came up empty, calling old friends of his son's as far away as California to see if he had gone there.
He put up money for a reward for information that would close the case, and took time off from his business to distribute flyers.
The search for the vehicle ended in late May, when the owner of the shop where it had been parked sought a salvage permit from the state.
A week later they pulled from their files a letter to Sharer dated February 15; she maintained she had never received it.
Noreen Heckmann, the reporter who wrote the story, said later she had received most of the information in the story, including the photograph, from Gaburri.
Both he and the chief later testified that they had had no knowledge that Sharer's Sunbird was in the police impound lot, much less visited it, during the three months it was there.
The following day, Gaburri ordered a search of the area around where the vehicle had been found on River Road in February.
Searchers, largely drawn from the borough's volunteer fire department and the county police, spent three hours looking over a very small area in the immediate vicinity, between the road and the river.
They were assisted by scuba divers Maurice Rosenblum had hired looking in the river and a helicopter a client had loaned him looking from the air.
One of Baldwin's police officers, Skippy Dobson, was also a firefighter and on the team that day; he had been working the dispatch console the day Michael Rosenblum disappeared.
He and other searchers asked more than once, he recalled several years later, if they could search either further downstream or on the south side of the road, a wooded area with several ravines known as the Forty Acres.
A week later Gaburri called Rocco with news that at first convinced her the end of the search for Michael might be coming to end.
The image closely resembled the one of Michael Rosenblum on the many flyers his father had passed out and posted all over the Pittsburgh area.
Rocco and Maurice Rosenblum went to the drugstore themselves and showed the witnesses photos of Michael; they did not recognize him.
After he found out that Rocco and Rosenblum had done that, Cooley went to talk to both of the witnesses again with a full book of mug shots, but only showed one of them a picture of Michael.
In mid-July Heckmann called Barbara Rosenblum one morning to let her know that the Baldwin police were issuing an arrest warrant for Michael in the robbery; she would be writing a story about that aspect of the case.
Rocco was able to find a suspect who more accurately fit the description and had a similar car in the Butler jail north of Pittsburgh; he eventually confessed to the robbery.
Developments to that point had convinced Maurice Rosenblum that the Baldwin police knew more than they were saying about what had happened between February and May.
For the next two years he largely neglected his business to focus on the search, later saying that if he had not owned it, he probably would have been fired.
Sometimes he flew to other parts of the country on short notice to follow up leads as far away as California.
He followed up with classified ads in the newspapers urging them to take their information to the proper authorities and claim the reward money, but that never happened.
In the seven years following the disappearance and the Baldwin police's investigation, three of the officers involved died of heart attacks.
They included Lombardi, who had responded to the abandoned car; Patrick Gallagher, the dispatcher who had been recorded as notifying Sharer's nonexistent aunt the day afterwards that the car had been towed; and Morse.
Maurice Rosenblum lobbied for other law enforcement agencies at higher levels of government to look into both his son's disappearance (and, he had come to believe, death) and the Baldwin police's handling of it.
In December 1986, the Rosenblums received another anonymous tip that yielded information which confirmed Maurice's view that the Baldwin police had been actively obstructing the investigation of his son's disappearance.
Haslett told him that on the day the Sunbird had been found to have been in Baldwin's impound lot, Gaburri had been in a rage.
She had not told either of the other investigations because she was afraid that she and Cappelli would get fired, and because they had never asked about the letter.
As soon as he returned to Pittsburgh, Maurice contacted a longtime friend, state Rep. K. Leroy Irvis, Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and told him what he had learned.
He and Irvis brought it to state Attorney General LeRoy Zimmerman, who referred it to the state police's Bureau of Criminal Investigation, an agency seen as beyond the reach of political influence.
They talked to Cappelli, who not only confirmed Haslett's account but added that Gaburri had told him to forge Lombardi's signature on the letter after Lombardi refused to.
An investigator told him early on that it seemed to him that Gaburri had lied; later it seemed that there were other criminal activities related to the Baldwin police and that a grand jury would be hearing testimony.
But then things changed; the investigator told Maurice that it might be better if they allowed Gaburri to retire rather than face any charges.
In July 1987, before the state investigation had been dropped, Maurice Rosenblum wrote to Baldwin's borough council, outlining what he knew and what he suspected about Gaburri's role in his son's disappearance and likely death.
Councilman Ken Guerra, chairman of the council's Public Safety Committee and the borough's volunteer fire chief, in which capacity he had participated in the 1980 search, read the letter and persuaded council to open the investigation.
Guerra doubted that Cappelli would have been falsely implicating Gaburri, since he was easily pressured and not the type to initiate such actions.
He asked the village solicitor, John Luke, a law partner of Mayor McPherson, a close Gaburri ally, to open an independent investigation.
Council, in turn, retained the law firm of Robert J. Cindrich, a previous U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
Luke took depositions from Cappelli, who admitted everything he had been accused of but denied Gaburri's role under the lawyer's badgering questioning, and George Galovich, another Baldwin officer who had been suspected of writing the letter to the Rosenblums.
Private investigator Stephen Tercsak, a retired veteran of the Pittsburgh police who had worked for Rocco during the 1980 investigation, worked for council at Cindrich's recommendation.
Tercsak came to believe that Michael Rosenblum had, as he had done on other occasions, fled when police attempted to pull him over, to the point that they might have responded by running the Sunbird off the road.
Michael in turn might have attempted to fight the officers, and they beat him to death in retaliation and then disposed of the body.
At a hearing before council at the end of September, Cindrich presented council's witnesses, testifying under oath, while Luke cross-examined them.
The proceeding was limited to the charge that Gaburri had ordered Cappelli to not only type the backdated letter but forge Lombardi's signature on it.
Haslett repeated her account; Cappelli's testimony departed from his deposition by returning to what he had originally told Guerra, that he had only done what he admitted doing because the chief had ordered him to.
Galovich identified several officers whom he said were actively involved in an ilegal gambling operation, and gave details of that operation.
He also said Cooley had been actively involved in taking payoffs to fix traffic tickets, as well as extorting those payments.
A majority of the council believed the charge against Gaburri had been proven and voted 5–2 to fire him in early October, telling him by letter that they believed his actions had impeded the search for Michael Rosenblum.
In its review of the case against the chief, it found Haslett's testimony to be hearsay at best and cited the differences between Cappelli's deposition and hearing testimony.
The only officer to face any departmental discipline for the events of 1980 was Robert Weber, Lombardi's partner when the two came across Sharer's abandoned car that day.
He was out, so she left a message on the answering machine belonging to his roommate, another Baldwin officer who was loyal to Gaburri.
The producer said her call was returned 15 minutes later by a man claiming to be Galovich who attempted to talk her and the program out of doing the segment (Galovich was later ruled out as having made the call; he suspected his roommate).
Almost immediately afterwards, Galovich was suspended on the grounds that he had lied to Luke during his deposition when he said he had no knowledge of Haslett's role in the case.
Specifically, he had initially said he had no idea how Haslett got to the Pittsburgh area, but shortly thereafter admitted he had picked her up at the airport for the hearing.
A concurrent 60-day suspension addressed an issue unrelated to the Rosenblum case, Galovich's alleged failure to follow up on a report of stolen checks that had been assigned to him.
In April the borough council formally fired him; after the civil service commission sustained the firing Galovich sued and was reinstated in 1992, in addition to receiving a substantial settlement.
Both would increase the amount of information publicly known about the case, and met with adverse reaction from the Baldwin police.
Dobson, who had been working dispatch on February 14, 1980, said that in addition to Morse, Lombardi and Weber, all known to have been on River Road at midday, his radio logs showed that Cooley and Miscenik probably were as well.
At 11:53 a.m., they called in to say they were leaving a magistrate's office on Pittsburgh's South Side, an area 5 miles (8 km) northwest along the river from where the Sunbird was found, to serve a warrant in McKeesport, to the southeast along the Monongahela.
when told his fellow officers suspected he shared responsibility for Michael Rosenblum's death, told the magazine he was not responsible for Dobson's remarks, and no more.
They alleged the story contained false statements and recklessly implicated them in Rosenblum's disappearance, and that Harger personally had defamed them in a radio interview about it.
In 1990 Cooley and Miscenik settled on the day the case was to go to trial for an amount agreed to be between $50,000 and $75,000.
A year after his September 1988 retirement, Gaburri sued the magazine and Harger as well; he dropped Rosenblum as a defendant shortly after filing the suit although he expected to consider calling him as a witness.
The NBC television network went ahead with filming its segment, which included interviews with both Rosenblums, Tercsak, Haslett Cappelli and Thomas McFall of the borough's civil service commission, and re-enactments of events such as the discovery of the Sunbird on the stretch of River Road where it had happened.
The Pittsburgh police were able to provide some limited assistance since the Pittsburgh Marathon was the next day, and the sheriff's office did traffic control on River Road, but the Baldwin police refused to cooperate.
Gaburri not only did not provide any officers for traffic control or security, he ordered them not to do any interviews or talk with the crew.
After the program ended, a man who did not identify himself called the program's hotline from somewhere in the state of Washington and said that he had been held in the Baldwin police lock-up on the night of Michael Rosenblum's disappearance after himself being arrested that day for driving while intoxicated.
He recalled that Michael had a gunshot wound to his leg and other injuries suggesting a beating; later officers came and took him to what the caller presumed would be a hospital.
Maurice Rosenblum, who by then had raised the reward to $25,000 and come to believe that Michael was dead, told the media he would attempt to find the caller.
The Baldwin police said that there were no detainees in the lock-up that day, and reiterated that they had no knowledge of Michael's whereabouts.
In April 1988 a bone fragment and some scraps of clothing were found in the woods along the Monongahela near where the Sunbird was recovered eight years earlier.
The corduroy and shoe sole with them were consistent with the clothing Michael Rosenblum was wearing when Sharer saw him drive off.
As a result of this discovery, in late 1989 Maurice Rosenblum filed a petition to have his son declared legally dead.
Two years later, in April 1992, a hiker in the woods further down the Monongahela, in the Forty Acres that Gaburri had kept the searchers from looking in, found a fragment of a human skull.
In June the county coroner's office confirmed it was Michael Rosenblum's, after finding it matched the unique of head X-rays taken during his lifetime.
Maurice noted that it was found on the same day he received the headstone he had ordered for what was to be an empty grave; a psychic he had once consulted, who had never been to Pittsburgh, drew a map that located Michael's body near where the skull was found, he added.
Government Christian Higher Secondary School, previously known as Mission High School, Rawalpindi is a government school located in Raja Bazaar, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Luis Enrique Zamudio Lizardo Jr. (born 24 June 1998) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga MX side Club América.
Born in Los Angeles, California, United States to Mexican parents, Zamudio holds double citizenship and is eligible to play for the United States or Mexico.
Zamudio has been registered with America's first team since 2019, but has not appeared in an official match as he is the third choice goalkeeper after Guillermo Ochoa and Óscar Jiménez.
The series will be animated by CloverWorks, with Taku Kishimoto handing series composition, Keigo Sasaki designing the characters, and Yugo Kanno composing the series' music.
It was active during the Pleistocene until 17,500 years BP, when a large eruption formed the wide Devil Mountain Maar and deposited tephra over , burying vegetation and forming the largest maar on Earth.
Other maars in the field are the North and South Killeak Maars and Whitefish Maar, and Devil Mountain is a shield volcano.
The large size of these maars has been attributed to the interaction between permafrost and ascending magma, which favoured intense explosive eruptions.
Soils buried underneath the Devil Mountain Maar tephra have been used to reconstruct the regional climate during the last glacial maximum.
Espenberg is located on a peninsula between the Chuckchi Sea to the north and west and Goodhope Bay to the east.
From east to west lie North and South Killeak Maar, Devil Mountain Maar and Whitefish Maar; additionally there are cinder cones, lava flows and five small shield-like volcanoes such as Devil Mountain.
Devil Mountain Maar is wide and deep, while North Killeak Maar, South Killeak Maar and Whitefish Maar are , and wide and the Killeak Maars reach depths of over ; Whitefish Maar is much shallower with a depth of .
Such dimensions make the Espenberg maars the largest on Earth and the Espenberg maars comparable in size with calderas; other maars at lower latitudes are much smaller.
The maars are mostly circular with the exception of Devil Mountain Maar, which is partly separated by a small sand spit into a northern wide North Devil Mountain Maar and a wide South Devil Mountain Maar; formerly they were considered to be two separate maars.
Eight wide and deep crater-like depressions lie underwater in Devil Mountain Maar and similar but partly filled depressions are also found at the Killeak Maars.
The Singeakpuk River, the Kalik River, the Kitluk River, the Espenberg River and the Kongachuk Creek flow through the volcanic field; the Kitluk River drains Devil Mountain Maar.
Green alder thickets and willow grow on the maar benches, at Tempest Lake north of Devil Mountain Maar the vegetation is characterized by a tundra featuring forbs, mosses, sedges and shrubs and is quite dense.
Native Americans used the maars as a source of fish and as hunting grounds, and remains of human activity have been identified at their shores.
In recent times, sediment cores were obtained from North Killeak Maar and Whitefish Maar; the former has been used to reconstruct the past climate of the region during the Holocene, including the occurrence of cold periods.
The non-maar vents at Espenberg appear to be over 500,000 years old, given that they are covered with vegetation and the lavas shattered by frost, and are probably older than the maars.
The Espenberg maars were originally considered to be of Holocene age, but research has shown that the latest eruptions occurred during the Pleistocene.
All maars formed in one complex eruption sequence which in the case of Devil Mountain Maar probably lasted only a few weeks to months.
During the eruption, numerous individual explosions and surges took place and emplaced base surges and Strombolian deposits, while frozen blocks of sediment were ejected from the vents.
Plant remains found buried underneath the tephra are well preserved and have been used to infer climatic and biotic conditions during the last glacial maximum in the region; vegetation at that time was apparently different from today and there was no widespread ice cover.
The eruption of the Killeak Maars also produced tephra deposits, which are also found in lakes and have similar compositions to the tephra of the Devil Mountain Maar.
The Espenberg maars are the first known maars to have formed within permafrost; other large maars in permafrost have been found in the Pali-Aike volcanic field of Argentina.
Interactions between magma and ice are different than these between lava and ice, as ice conducts heat only slowly and a large amount of energy is consumed during its sublimation; thus its melting and explosive evaporation occurs only slowly.
The abundant ice would have produced a limited amount of water, creating an ideal environment for highly explosive eruptions which may have been further intensified by the release of methane during the thawing of the permafrost.
Landslides at the margins of the volcanic vents expanded the forming craters and supplied additional ice to the evaporation processes, ultimately yielding the large size of the Espenberg maars.
The eruptions that formed the Espenberg maars occurred during fully glacial climate, while interglacial (including Holocene) eruptions on the Seward Peninsula have yielded lava flows; this implies that the glacial climate influenced the types of eruption that took place.
The volcano was active during the Pliocene and into the Holocene; a major eruption occurred in 1254 CE and deposited tephra over much of Antarctica.
Such an occurrence of mosses on fumarolically active volcanoes of Antarctica is limited to Mount Rittmann, Mount Melbourne and Mount Erebus and has led to efforts to establish a protected area on the volcano.
A or wide caldera is located underneath the Aviator Glacier; it is outlined by a ring of volcanic hills and outcrops that emerge from an almost flat surrounding terrain.
The base of the volcano crops out from the Pilot Glacier, which together with the caldera is one of the few parts of the otherwise snow- and ice-covered volcano that crop out from the ice.
An Italian expedition in 1990–1991 discovered heated ground and fumaroles at the caldera, implying that molten magma exists underneath the volcano.
The fumarolic activity occurs at a wide and high face with sandy-gravelly soil; another warm area is reported from the lower slopes.
The fumaroles keep an area of the caldera at elevation ice-free; at elevation mean temperatures are , but fumarolic activity heats the surrounding rocks up to .
A steady supply of water, the fumarolic warmth and shelter allow the growth of this vegetation; such volcanic vegetation is also found at volcanoes Mount Erebus and Mount Melbourne.
Together with Deception Island, Mount Erebus and Mount Melbourne, Mount Rittmann is one of the four volcanoes in Antarctica with known geothermal habitats and the least studied of these.
There are efforts by Antarctica New Zealand to establish an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) on Mount Rittmann, and in 2014 Mount Rittmann was reportedly part of ASPA 175.
It has been subdivided into four subprovinces; Mount Rittmann is considered part of the Melbourne subprovince or of the Mount Overlord volcanic field.
The volcanic rocks define a basanitic, hawaiitic, mugearitic, phonolithic and trachytic suite that is alkaline and sodic and features olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts.
The volcano is of Pliocene age and was active between 4 million years ago and 70,000 years ago; radiometric dating has yielded ages of 3.97 million years for rocks at the base of Mount Rittmann and 240,000 ± 200,000, 170,000 ± 20,000 and 70,000 ± 20,000 years ago for lava flows.
Eemian-age tephras at Talos Dome in East Antarctica and dust bands found in blue-ice areas of Frontier Mountain and Lichen Hill in Victoria Land may originate from Mount Rittmann.
It probably was one of the largest Holocene eruptions of Antarctica; before its source at Mount Rittmann was discovered it was attributed to The Pleiades volcanoes.
A repeat of the 1254 eruption could form a long-lasting ash cloud, ashfall on nearby research stations and disruption of air traffic to and from McMurdo Station.
Volcanic rocks appear to be 1,000s or 10,000s of years old and there is no evidence of Holocene activity but the volcanic field was active in recent times and seismic swarms have been recorded.
It was discovered to be hydrothermally active by NOAA in 2003 and first mapped by the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) ROPOS in 2004.
Hydrophones were placed at the summit and vent during several dives, and the volcano has repeatedly been targeted by dives of ROVs.
The intensity of the eruptions is dampened by the fact that they occur underwater, allowing more direct observations than would be possible at subaerial volcanoes.
The summit and slopes of the volcano are covered by volcanic debris (including ash and sand), sulfur globules and talus, with rock and lava outcrops and cemented breccia.
One such landslide took place on the 14 August 2009 and removed debris that had accumulated around Brimstone Pit as well as the southern parts of the summit.
This landslide had a volume of about or but despite this large volume it did not result in a detectable tsunami.
It left rocky outcrops exposed that had previously been buried under looser material and which probably form the core of the volcano.
Such plumes are an unique trait of volcanism at NW Rota-1 and are also found at Kavachi, Monowai and West Mata submarine volcanoes.
Cycles of volcano growth and collapse have been found at other seamounts like Monowai and West Mata, and much larger and less frequent collapses are recorded from large intraplate volcanoes such as Hawaii.
Sulfur has been found encased in ejecta, which are often covered in volcanic glass from the interaction between seawater and lava.
The formation of NW Rota-1 magmas appears to involve the melting of subducted, water-bearing sediments and the interaction of the resulting melts with the mantle wedge.
The interaction products rise as diapirs in two distinct populations, one with a large sediment component and one with a small one.
The particle-rich plumes and most exhalations originate from Brimstone Pit crater, but hydrothermal plumes have been attributed to diffuse degassing at the summit.
Because the water in the plumes is warmer than surrounding seawater, it rises under its own buoyancy about above the vents.
The water in the plumes is acid and enriched in aluminum, the helium isotope helium-3, iron, manganese, phosphorus, silicon and sulfur are enriched in the plumes.
Some vents continuously emit carbon dioxide bubbles, others only cyclically.Sulfur is generated by the mixture of sulfur-containing gases with water and forms droplets of liquid sulfur.
Sulfur globules form from such droplets; they cover the ground like a powdery dusting and have been recovered from the surfaces of ROVs.
These compounds appear to originate both through direct venting from the volcano, interactions with seawater and the interaction of the exhalations with the volcanic rocks.
Vents above Brimstone Pit and on the eastern ridge are covered with microbial mats and these in turn are frequented by animals such as copepods, crabs, limpets, polychaetes and shrimp.
A larger animal community has been found at the northwesterly summit; it includes amphipods, anemones, copepods, crabs, fish, isopods, jellyfish, ostracods and polychaetes.
Eruptions took place in 2004, 2005, 2006 - each of the eruptions occurring in a different physical context and with different characteristics - 2009 and 2010.
This is followed by the abrupt condensation of the steam and the collapse of bubbles, which are recorded by hydrophones as pulsating sounds.
The eruptions appear to be part of a long-term eruption during which cones form and collapse at Brimstone Pit and water in the magma drives explosive bursts.
Between 2009 and 2010 hydrophones recorded numerous acoustic signals, reflecting the steady eruptions, and tremors which may originate in the magmatic conduit.
An intense acoustic signal recorded between August 12 and August 16 2009 exhibited high amplitudes and low frequencies, with two distinct pulses on 14 August 2009.
A seismic swarm took place northwest of NW Rota-1 in April 2009 and was presumably caused by magma intrusion, which may relate to the subsequent eruption.
Capricorn Seamount is located on the eastern flank of the Tonga Trench and is in the process of breaking up; in turn the trench has been altered by the interaction with the downgoing seamount.
First examined by the during the Capricorn Expedition of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, it was successfully dredged in 1958 by the during the Pacific Cruise of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute.
A north-northeast trending scarp separates the flat top from another, shallower flat-topped knoll on the eastern side of the flat top which also tilts westwards; the shallowest point of the seamount lies on this knoll.
Dredging has yielded pelagic ooze containing abyssal clay, basaltic breccia, dark pumice, dead corals, faecal pellets, fossils of foraminifera, gastropods and pteropods, limestones with brown manganese dioxide encrustations, otoliths and sand.
Capricorn Seamount likely formed in the Miocene (23-5 million years ago) as a volcano, perhaps part of a hotspot track which also includes Niue.
It is unclear whether it ever featured coral reefs as no evidence of such growth has been found although foraminifera data point to their past existence.
Capricorn Seamount is not the first seamount there to be subducted into the Tonga Trench, and previous subduction events may have deformed the trench.
A earthquake occurred in 1919 at the trench next to Capricorn Seamount and caused a tsunami; it might also have induced a submarine landslide on the seamount.
A lower fallout unit consisting of lapilli and volcanic ash extends several kilometres from the volcano, and remnants occur as far as from it.
For the past five millennia, the volcano has been used as a source of obsidian, which occurs at in the form of blocks and nodules of various colours, and is of high quality.
Mostafa Jamal Haider is a Bangladeshi politician affiliated with the Jatiya Party who served the Pirojpur-1 district as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1986 to 1991.
Gentianella cerina (common name - Auckland Island gentian) is a plant species in the Gentianaceae family, endemic to the Auckland Islands of New Zealand.
Heathcote Helmore had the commission in 1931 to design the building; he designed in Art Deco as was fashionable at the time.
Located immediately south of the Victoria Clock Tower, the land had three street frontages: to the north (Salisbury Street), to Montreal Street, and to Victoria Street.
Construction started in June 1935, with five apartments on each floor, plus a single rooftop apartment, making 21 apartments in total.
It is an important timber tree in Russia, China and Korea, and is occasionally planted as a street tree in cities with colder climates.
It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it occurs in the intertidal and shallow sub-tidal zones on soft sediment.
Like other members of the genus, the prostomium bears two pairs of antennae, a pair of eyes and a pair of large, retractile, nuchal organs.
The proximal part of the proboscis bears about 25 longitudinal rows of tiny papillae, and the distal part bears 6 longitudinal rows of larger, knob-like protuberances, and a ring of papillae at the tip.
The eyes are red and there is some dark pigmentation in front of them and along the sides of the body.
She was awarded a Marie Curie Fellowship and joined Imperial College London, where she worked on the hardware development for both the LHCb and ALEPH experiments.
The WLCG stores, shares and assists in the analysis of data from the Large Hadron Collider where she developed a persistence framework.
She has worked on the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider), which will require up to one hundred times more computing capacity than it did originally.
This increase in capacity will come through access to commercial cloud computing platforms, data analytics, deep learning and new computing architectures.
After graduating, he served as a law clerk for Henry A. Politz on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
President Bill Clinton nominated Kravitz on May 1, 1998, to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Paul Rainey Webber, III.
On August 21, 2013, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint him to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
Phallon Tullis-Joyce (born October 19, 1996) is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for French Division 1 Féminine club Stade de Reims.
During the 1920s, The Australian hotelier Jim Cavill (born James Freeman Cavill) purchased 10 acres of land in Elston (now Surfers Paradise).
The land has previously been developed by previous owners but 1925 marked the openings of the Jubilee Bridge and the South Coast Road, opening up the area to a new flow of driving tourists.
That year (or in 1928), Jim Cavill opened the Surfers Paradise Hotel, a 16-bedroom hotel located on the intersection of the South Coast Road and the old coach track.
In July1936, the timber-built hotel burned down and was entirely rebuilt in bricks the following year, reopening in September 1937 with telephones in every room.
Evangeline Florence (12 December 1867 – 1 November 1928) was an American-born soprano who built a successful concert career in Great Britain.
In November 1890 Houghton took part in the 12th annual festival of the South Eastern Massachusetts Musical Association, directed by Carl Zerrahn.
In November 1890 ‘Miss Evangeline Houghton, Assisted by Her Three Brothers, Vocalists, and Orchestra of Six Pieces’ sang at Piedmont Church.
On arriving in Great Britain she dropped her surname to prevent confusion with another singer of the same name in London at that time.
In the reviews the critics were appreciative of her high notes, recording: ‘the reports concerning the phenomenal compass of her voice proved to be in no way exaggerated.
In 1894 Florence sang at the Hereford Festival, while in 1895 she made a 30-concert tour through Australia and toured Europe during late 1898 and early 1899.
In 1896 and 1898 she sang in the Promenade Concert under the baton of Henry Wood while in 1897 and 1900 she was at the Birmingham Festival and appeared frequently with the Royal Philharmonic Society and Royal Choral Society.
In February 1898 she put on her own concert at St James's Hall in which she sang Mozart and Brahms, among others.
While in London she gained a solid reputation as a concert soprano, a genre she cultivated almost exclusively until her retirement.
The extent of her voice was extraordinary, exceeding three or four notes in the treble register of the celebrated Adelina Patti.
In 1902 her husband Alexander Crerar provided the English words (the original lyrics were by Gustav Hölzel) to the song 'The Swiss Girl's Lament' to music by 'A.
By 1901 the couple were living at 59 Wynnstay Gardens in Kensington; while in 1911 they were living at 29 Kensington Park Gardens in Kensington in London: this was to be her home for the rest of her life.
The S2 11.0 is a series of American sailboats that was designed by Arthur Edmunds as cruisers and first built in 1977.
The series was built by S2 Yachts in Holland, Michigan, United States, between 1977 and 1987, but it is now out of production.
It has a masthead sloop rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a raised counter reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
The album features production from frequent collaborator Jae5, alongside IO, TSB and Nana Rogues, plus guest appearances from Icèe TGM, Koffee and Burna Boy.
The album was officially announced by J Hus the day before release via social media, following several tracks being leaked online earlier in the week.
With the expansion and growth of UK music over the past decade, many people have attempted to define what exactly UK rap or ‘underground’ music is.
The truth is that it’s completely undefinable – it’s grime, afrobeat, soul, drill, dancehall, hip-hop, R&B, garage, jungle – it’s all of them, and none of them.
On January 23, 2020, Facchineri was signed by the Vancouver Whitecaps as a homegrown player, becoming the 20th homegrown signing in club history.
In 2019, Facchineri co-captained the Canada U17 team to the semi-finals of the 2019 CONCACAF U-17 Championship, scoring the decisive penalty in a 4–3 penalty shootout victory over Costa Rica in the quarter finals, and securing his team a place at the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Brazil.
He served as director of music of Helmuth College, Canada; of Eureka College, Illinois; of Cincinnati Wesleyan College, and Ohio Conservatory of Music, Cincinnati; and Professor of the New England Conservatory of Boston.
The women's javelin throw event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb with the final on 19 July 1987.
Competing in nothing but sprint, he collected his first World Cup points with a 20th place in February 2015 in Östersund.
He improved to a ninth place in December 2017 in Lillehammer, seventh in January 2018 in Dresden, sixth in March 2019 in Drammen and fourth in January 2020 in Dresden.
He made his World Cup debut in January 2020 in Dresden, collecting his first World Cup points with an 8th place.
The 2011 Fiji National Football League was the 35th season of the Fiji National Football League organized by the Fiji Football Association since its establishment in 1977.
Luminita Blosenco was born in Moldova, and she was transferred to Turin in Italy when she was only 5 years old.
Picking up the right hairstyle becomes a bit confusing, so I make sure to create my own trend and be different from others, she added.
Blosenco married her lover, Giorgio Segatori on 12 September 2019 and on 28 November 2019, she had a baby girl, whom she named Zoe.
The Initial filming began in 2017 at Hatley Castle in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, and principal photography began in Vancouver, on June 26.
The film has received numerous awards and nominations, recognizing the performance of the cast, several technical areas such as stunts, sound, and action.
The film also has received numerous nominations for Best Edited Feature Film - Comedy from American Cinema Editors, Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Grammy Award, Teen Choice Awards, People's Choice Awards, Hollywood Music in Media Awards, Dragon Awards, and Motion Picture Sound Editors Awards.
Competing in nothing but sprint, he made his breakthrough around New Years' 2018 with a sevwenth place in Lillehammer and a ninth place in Dresden.
He improved his career best to a fifth place in March 2018 in Drammen, and again broke the top 10 in January 2020 Dresden.
No seats changed hands, and Edinburgh Corporation remained composed of 39 Progressives, 28 Labour councillors, 1 Liberal, and 1 Protestant Action.
Luqman Oyebisi Ilaka was born to the family of Late Chief Lasisi Oyedokun Ilaka and Chief Mrs Ilaka of Ilaka compound, Apinni, Oyo Town, Oyo State.
Chief Oyebisi Ilaka joined Senator Rashidi Ladoja at the inception of Accord (Nigeria) Party just three months before the 2011 election and contested as senator to represent Oyo Central Senatorial District where he emerged the first runner up, an election which was won by the now defunct Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) candidate, Senator Ayoade Ademola Adeseun.
Ilaka also contested in the 2015 election for the same Oyo Central Senatorial District on the platform of the Accord (Nigeria) party with 84,675 votes but lost to Senator Monsurat Sunmonu of the All Progressive Congress (APC) who won with 105,378 votes.
Chief Luqman Ilaka was the senatorial candidate of the People's Democratic Party, PDP in the 2019 National Assembly election which was won by Senator Teslim Folarin of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
In 2019, the Executive Governor of Oyo State, Engineer Seyi Makinde made his first appointment in office by appointing Chief Oyebisi Ilaka as his Chief of Staff.
He was preceded by Dr Gbade Ojo who resigned as the Chief of Staff to former Oyo State Governor, Senator Abiola Ajimobi.The formal Chief of Staff resigned because of his expiration of leave of absence obtained from the University of Ilorin, where he was a lecturer.
Between 1994 and 1997, he worked for Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance, a large British insurance company where he served as a Tax/Financial Consultant dealing with life assurance, investments, inheritance tax and mortgage cases.
He worked on diverse area of law at Salfiti and Co Solicitors based in London particularly, land, trust and commercial cases.
He was conferred with the prestigious title of ‘Ladilu of Oyo Kingdom’ by His Royal Highness, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III, Alaafin of Oyo in 2006.
He made important contributions to the areas of differential calculus over commutative algebras, the algebraic theory of differential operators, homological algebra, differential geometry and algebraic topology, mechanics and mathematical physics, the geometrical theory of nonlinear partial differential equations and secondary calculus.
Among his more distant ancestors, his great-grandfather Anton Smagin, a self-taught peasant and a deputy of the State Duma of the second convocation stand out.
In 1955 A.M. Vinogradov entered the Mechanics and Mathematics Department of Moscow State University (Mech-mat), began his Ph.D. in 1960 and completed it in 1964.
In 1965, he received a position at the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology of Moscow State University, where he worked until he left the Soviet Union for Italy in 1990.
He obtained the next degree (doktorskaya dissertatsiya) in 1984 at the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Science in Novosibirsk in Russia.
By the end of his undergraduate years, he was contributing to the A.S. Schwartz seminar, and started working on algebraic topology.
Vinogradov continued working in algebraic and differential topology – in particular, on the Adams spectral sequence – until the early seventies, and he started his own research seminar in 1967.
Between the sixties and the seventes, inspired by the ideas of Sophus Lie, he began to investigate the foundations of the geometric theory of partial differential equations.
Having become familiar with the work of Spencer, Goldschmidt and Quillen on formal integrability, he turned his attention to the algebraic (in particular, cohomological) component of that theory.
Vinogradov’s approach to nonlinear differential equations as geometric objects, with their general theory and applications, is developed in detail in the monographs [2], [3] and [4], as well as in some articles [5], [6], [22].
He united infinitely prolonged differential equations into a category [7] whose objects, called diffieties (= differential varieties), are studied in the framework of what he called secondary calculus (by analogy with secondary quantization) [8], [9].
One of the central parts of this theory is based on the C-spectral sequence (now known as the Vinogradov spectral sequence) [10], [11].
The first term of this spectral sequence gives a unified cohomological approach to various notions and statements, including the Lagrangian formalism with constraints, conservation laws, cosymmetries, the Noether theorem, and the Helmholtz criterion in the inverse problem of the calculus of variations (for arbitrary nonlinear differential operators).
Furthermore, Vinogradov introduced the construction of a new bracket on the graded algebra of linear transformations of a cochain complex [12].
Vinogradov’s construction precursed the general concept of a derived bracket on a differential Loday (or Leibniz) algebra introduced by Y. Kosmann-Schwarzbach in 1996 [13].
Furthermore, together with coauthors, Vinogradov was concerned with the analysis and comparison of various generalizations of Lie (super) algebras, including formula_1 algebras and Filippov algebras [16].
The research interests of Alexandre M. Vinogradov were also motivated by problems of contemporary physics – for example the structure of Hamiltonian mechanics [23], [24], the dynamics of acoustic beams [17], the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (the so-called Kadomtsev-Pogutse equations appearing in the stability theory of high-temperature plasma in tokamaks) [18] and mathematical questions in general relativity [19], [20], [21].
Considerable attention to the mathematical understanding of the fundamental physical notion of observable is given in the book [4], written by Vinogradov jointly with several participants of his seminar under the pen name of Jet Nestruev.
From 1998 to 2019, Vinogradov organized and directed the so-called Diffiety Schools in Italy, Russia, and Poland in which were taught the ideas about differential calculus over commutative algebras, the algebraic theory of differential operators, the geometrical theory of nonlinear partial differential equations, the concept of a diffiety, the Vinogradov (C-spectral) sequence and secondary calculus.
Vinogradov was one of the initial organizers of the Schrödinger International Institute in Mathematical Physics in Vienna, as well as of the mathematical journal Differential Geometry and its Applications, remaining one of the editors to his last days.
In 1985, he created a laboratory that studied various aspects of the geometry of differential equations at the Institute of Programming Systems in Pereslavl-Zalessky and headed it until he left for Italy.
In the U23 class he competed at the 2016 and 2018 World Junior Championships, claiming the sprint bronze medal in 2018.
Competing in nothing but sprint, he collected his first World Cup points a year later in Drammen with an eighth place.
The 2020 McDonald's All-American Boys Game is an All-star basketball game that will be played on Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas, home of the Houston Rockets.
When the rosters were announced on January 23, 2020, North Carolina had the most selections with four, while Duke had three, and Kentucky had two.
Carlota is a Catalan, German, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish feminine given name that is an alternate form of Charlotte and a feminine form of Charlot and Carl.
The Olimpia Lions play at the Estadio Héroes de Curupayty in Asuncion, Paraguay which has recently been renovated with a new playing surface in preparation for professional rugby.
The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Are Undermining Education is a non-fiction book by Diane Ravitch, originally published in 2010 by Basic Books, with revised and expanded versions reprinted over the years.
Bush and Bill Clinton, worked for many years promoting and implementing the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act's (NCLB) compulsory standards-based education reform.
After a series of rehearsals and warm-up gigs, the band gave a preview concert to the press at London's Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club on 1 May.
The next day, the band flew to New York to start the North American tour, commencing on 9 May at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit.
After finishing a series of tour dates in San Francisco during June, the Who flew to London to do two shows for the Royal Albert Hall's Pop Proms concert series.
On 10 August, the band suspended their UK tour to do two contracted appearances at the Tanglewood Music Shed and the Woodstock festival.
After playing a show at Tanglewood on 12 August, the band flew to New York to play a set at Woodstock.
The Who were scheduled to perform the previous day, 16 August, but the festival ran late and they did not take to the stage until the early hours of the 17th.
Though most media attention focused on Bob Dylan making his first British appearance in three years, the Who stole the show.
The band started another North American tour on 10 October at the Commonwealth Armory in Boston, emphasized by a six-night stand at the Fillmore East in New York City.
Included were January stops at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris, the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen, and three opera houses in Germany.
While 14 February University of Leeds Refectory and 15 February Hull City Hall performances were both recorded, only the Leeds recording was deemed suitable for release, as the bass track was inadvertently not captured during the first few songs at the Hull show.
The tour began with the band's final opera house date, as they performed two shows at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
Following the American tour, the band was one of the headlining acts at the third Isle of Wight festival and embarked on a short European tour shortly afterward.
The club has developed from a community session with 12 youngsters to a registered charity engaging with over 200 registered players and 1000+ young people every year.
In 2018, the club were visited by Golden State Warriors guard Steph Curry, running a skills session with a number of junior players.
In December 2012 the club were approached by the Surrey Canal Sports Foundation, the charitable body overseeing the sports and leisure aspect of the New Bermondsey Regeneration project.
This opportunity was on the premise that the new development (to include a 3,000 seat arena with show court) will become the eventual permanent home of the club.
The Thunderdome, officially launched in July 2014, means that the Thunder are therefore one of the few clubs in the country to manage their own dedicated basketball facility.
The Thunder, in partnership with King Henry School, run an under-19 team in the Academies Basketball League, the second tier under 19s basketball competition in the United Kingdom.
The Guidon Club was an anti-women's suffrage club founded in New York City in 1907 by Helen Kendrick Johnson and a group of like-minded women.
The Club's Vice-President, Louise Caldwell Jones (1858-1929), who founded the National League for the Civic Education of Women and was the press officer of the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, to which most of the members of the Guidon Club also belonged.
In 1908 the Club was admitted as a member of the New York City Federation of Women's Clubs, a local affiliate of the General Federation of Women's Clubs.
In 1913 the club repurposed itself from an educational club to a political club dedicated to preventing women's suffrage from becoming law.
Kenrick Johnson testified on behalf of the Club at the Congressional Committee hearings held in the aftermath of the Woman suffrage parade of 1913.
Over his career, Climer was named among the top ten columnists in the country by the Associated Press sports editors three times.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation & Air Transport of the Republic of Somaliland (MoCA) () ()was a somaliland government ministry which is concerned about civil aviation, overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air.
The ministry also sets civil aviation regulations, sets airworthiness and all flight rules, to offer competitive and qualitative aviation services in order to fulfill the local and international requirements in the aviation sector.
Chief Paul Usoro, SAN, (born September 7, 1958) is a prominent Nigerian litigator, communication law expert and President of the Nigerian Bar Association.
Usoro was born on September 7, 1958, at Ukana Ikot Ntuen town in Essien Udim local government area of Akwa Ibom State, south-south Nigeria.
He obtained a bachelor's degree in law from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state in 1981 and called to the bar in 1982.
In 1985, he founded his own legal outfit called Paul Usoro and Co in Kaduna and in 1992 the headquarters was established in Lagos with the Kaduna office still operational until 2003.
Usoro sits on the board of directors of Access Bank Plc., and chairs the board's Remuneration Committee and Governance & Nomination Committee.
He is a director of PZ Cussons Plc, and chairs the People & Governance Committee of the PZ Cussons Plc Board.
He is married to Mrs Mfon Usoro who is the pioneer Director-General of Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) from August 2006 to May 2007 and Non executive director to First City monument Bank.
He became Mayor of Uturoa in 1959 and a member of the Territorial Assembly in 1962, holding both positions until his death in 1969.
In the 1962 elections he was elected to the Territorial Assembly in the Leeward Islands constituency, representing the Tahitian Democratic Union.
In January 1969 Hart died in an industrial accident; while visiting a road-building site, he began operating a bulldozer and a ground collapse led to it falling into a ravine.
The Cleaning Lady (Spanish: La muchacha que limpia) is an upcoming Mexican crime drama television series co-produced by Turner Latin America and BTF Media.
The series stars Damayanti Quintanar and revolves around Rosa, a servant who witnesses a crime, and to save her life and her freedom she decides to become complicated from the murderers.
Son of Giovanni Francesco Gambara, count of Pralboino y ambassador to the papacy of Leo X. Lorenzo studied in Padua and was ordained priest.
It is possible that the father of Antonio, Nicholas Perrenot de Granvelle, ordered the work in 1535, when the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returned from his Siege of Tunis, although publication was delayed until 1581.
Riding A was absorbed along with Municipality of St Mary's and Municipality of Castlereagh into the Municipality of Penrith, Riding B was absorbed into the Municipality of Liverpool, Riding C was absorbed into the Municipality of Camden.
Kunaiyi-Akpannah moved to Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School, Rabun County, Georgia, United States, from Nigeria when she was 15 years old, she played travel basketball during in her High school holidays and She also averaged a double-double behind close to 10 points and more than 11 rebounds per game while helping the Eagles to a 21–5 record.
She led her team to a second-place finish in the 2014 State Tournament She also participated in other sports such as track and field events during her High School.
In her junior year, She was second in the Big Ten with 11.3 points and 11.9 rebounds per game, and her 18 double-doubles were eighth in the nation.
In her final year, she was named in the First Team All-Big Ten by the media, after finishing third in the conference in rebounds and 13th in the nation with 11 rebounds, while increasing her scoring to 11.1 points.
She made over 1000 rebounds during her time in college, she is the second player in Northwestern History to make over 1000 rebounds.
Kunaiyi-Akpannah was undrafted in the 2019 WNBA Draft, she was signed into a training camp contract by the WNBA team Chicago Sky on May 4, 2019, she was later waived by the team on May 8, 2019.
On December 15, 2019 she had a double-double which included 11 points and a career high of 27 rebounds against Broni where the team won 83–75.
Kunaiyi-Akpannah was called up to represent the D'Tigress and to participate in the 2019 pre Olympic Qualifying tournament in Mozambique where she made her debut in representing Nigeria, she averaged 4 rebounds during the tournament.
He has translated books of numerous writers into Greek, such as W. G. Sebald, Willy Kyrklund, Eva Runefelt, , Tomas Tranströmer and John Ashbery.
He has translated into Swedish (with different colleagues) books of Odysseas Elytis, , Kenneth Koch, W. G. Sebald, all the poems and fragments of Sappho (annotated edition) and an annotated collection with posthumous poems and prose of Konstantinos Kavafis.
In his most recent theoretical and literary publications Papageorgiou studies how certain texts turn melancholia (which is generated by the paralysis of logos) into euphoria (which is created by a logos free from the arbitrariness of logos), and vice-versa.
The album features guest appearances by Dalex, Lyanno, Rauw Alejandro and trap group Modo Diablo, comprised by Duki, Neo Pistea and Ysy A.
Ana Matilde Gómez Ruiloba (born November 5, 1962) is a Panamanian lawyer and politician who served as the country's Attorney General from 2005 to 2010, and a deputy of the National Assembly from 2014 to 2019.
She holds a licentiate in law and political sciences and a master's degree in criminology, both from the University of Panama, and a diploma in human rights from the Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua.
She has held various public sector positions in the area of ​​law, working within the Public Ministry as a scribe, senior officer, judicial secretary, municipal spokesperson, circuit court prosecutor, assistant district attorney, then as a corporate lawyer in the Interoceanic Region Authority and legal executive director of the Truth Commission.
She practiced as a trial lawyer in the area of criminal law, and was a legal consultant for Panama Canal river basin improvement projects.
Her term would have lasted until December 31, 2014, but on February 5, 2010, she left office by order of the , which suspended her during an investigation for abuse of authority.
She was denounced by a prosecutor from La Chorrera, whom she had dismissed after he was caught soliciting a bribe from the father of a detained minor.
He accused Gómez after the Court ruled that the telephone interceptions that she ordered in the course of the investigation against him were illegal.
On August 11, 2009, the Supreme Court ordered Gómez's dismissal and sentenced her to six months in jail, commutable for a payment of 4,000 balboas.
On February 16, 2011, she filed a lawsuit against the Panamanian state in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the violation of its judicial guarantees in the process that removed her from office.
On May 4, 2014, Gómez was elected to the National Assembly for Circuit 8-7, receiving more votes than any other deputy.
This was the subject of controversy, as several political analysts claimed that Gómez's candidacy was unconstitutional, since in 2010 she had been disqualified from holding public office.
However, a ruling by the Supreme Court reduced the original penalty of four years of disqualification to six months, enabling Gómez to take her seat in the National Assembly.
In August 2017, she announced her intention to become a candidate for President of Panama for the term 2019–2024 via free application.
On January 11, 2019, the announced that it had validated 131,415 signatures (meeting the requirement of 1% of votes cast in the last election), establishing Ana Matilde Gómez as one of the three free-application candidates for the presidency in the 2019 general election.
Breakers is a science fiction text adventure released in 1986 by Synapse Software, a division of Broderbund, for the Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS.
The planet Borg is threatened by a telepathic collision with a mysterious twin planet, a collision that cannot be proven using scientific methods.
The Breakers kill six of the seven Lau, but are then surprised by a squad of Gaks, the security forces of the United Mining Combine.
In the course of the fighting, the surviving seventh Lau — the character controlled by the player — loses consciousness and wakes up in orbit on the space station.
The player must first become familiar with the social network of the residents of the space station, take sides in a dispute between enemy smugglers and uncover cases of drug and human trafficking.
The player also has to deal with the question of why United Mining Combine operates the space station in orbit at Borg, sometimes in high secrecy, even though all raw material deposits from the planet have already been depleted.
It also provided the copy protection for the game — at various points during the game, the player would be asked for a specific word from the novella.
He noted that while other companies had made giant advances in their game parsers, the BTZ parser showed no improvement from previous games; Adams was critical of this, saying that two years after its development, the BTZ parser still required precise inputs instead of analyzing intuitive player behavior.
The theme of Armine Tumanyan's works are: human in harmony with nature, the origins and present of Armenia, the reproduction of women's inner world, their mental state.
Today I have presented the image of eight women of different nationalities and the image of the most important women - Mary the Virgin, who is the source of my inspiration.
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 17 and 19 July 1987.
It was released by Stoney Creek Records on November 8, 2019 as the album's lead single and officially impacted American country radio on December 9, 2019.
Lyrically, the song relies on references to restaurants and memories of an ex-lover to capture the back-and-forths in the aftermath of a relationship.
When the song was selected for recording by Ell, she and Huff decided to adjust the song's musical foundation from piano to guitar to better suit her musical sensibilities; Ell recorded blues-inspired guitar fills to complement the studio musicians.
Nundle Shire amalgamated with the City of Tamworth, Manilla Shire and parts of Parry Shire and Barraba Shire to form Tamworth Regional Council on 17 March 2004.
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 19 July 1987.
Lynch uses satellite remote sensing, field work and mathematical models to better understand the population dynamics of the penguins of the Antarctic Peninsula.
She graduated Summa Cum Laude and was awarded the American Physical Society LeRoy Apker Award for her undergraduate research on the Kondo effect.
She earned a master's degree in physics but transferred to the Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology to complete a doctorate in statistical ecology.
Lynch joined the laboratory of William Fagan at the University of Maryland, College Park where she applied statistical analysis to big data that described the survivorship of mammals and biodiversity patterns in ecological networks.
Soon after she joined the faculty at Stony Brook University in 2011 and was awarded an National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2013.
Lynch studies penguins – in particular Antarctic petrels and Adélie penguins, whose migratory patterns can teach us about the global effects of climate change.
She studies the spatial and temporal patterns of Adélie penguins, making predictions about their colony sizes using mathematical models and trying to determine the Antarctic ecosystems which allow the birds to thrive.
She created MAPPPD (Mapping Application for Penguin Populations and Projected Dynamics), an open access platform to share information about penguin population counts.
She is working with the National Science Foundation to develop sophisticated new software to support high resolution commercial imagery of the North and South Pole.
The highway was designated in 1960 along the northern section of Loop 13 between Interstate 10 in northern San Antonio eastward to Interstate 35 near Fratt.
In 2013, the section of the highway southwest of FM 524 was removed from the state highway system and became County Road 374; the section northeast of FM 524 was re-designated as Spur 419.
The highway was designated in 1969 over the old route of US 83 / US 290 when those highways were re-routed around the town of Junction with the construction of I-10.
Loop 481 turns in a southeast direction at East Main Street and crosses the South Llano River before leaving the town.
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 19 July 1987.
The Ministry of Youth & Sports of the Republic of Somaliland) () () is a Somaliland government ministry, in charge of regulating activities related to sports and youth development in Somaliland Government.
This is not the best place for the curious to begin with DAC, but for those who are die-hard fans, this is an essential recording.
Established in 1999, it spreads over 354 hectares and protects a group of sites recognised for their rich geology, flora and fauna.
At the northern end of the Ardennes department, the nature reserve territory consists of 11 entities localized on the communes of Charnois, Chooz, Foisches, Fromelennes, Givet, and Rancennes for a total area of 354 hectares.
The nature reserve offers a landscape with multiple aspects, composed of forests, moors, dry lawns as well as spectacular rocky escarpments.
But rocks diversity is broad; in addition to a limestone known as , there are shales, sandstones, an old fluorite quarry and many fossils, notably trilobites.
The geographical location of Givet Pointe, spectacular relief of certain sites, existence of hot and dry micro-climates have allowed the development of a southern flora exceptional at this latitude.
The richness in insects and existence of caves explain the presence of 12 species of bats, some of which fall under the Habitats Directive (92/43 / EEC): lesser horseshoe bat, greater horseshoe bat, greater mouse-eared bat, Geoffroy's bat...
Over 70 species of birds have been identified to date, a third of which are registered on the Regional Red List, such as Eurasian eagle-owl, European nightjar and woodlark.
As of 2020, 171 insect species have thus far been identified, including 78 Lepidoptera Papilionoidea such as Erebia medusa, silver-studded blue, large copper or marsh fritillary.
It is linked to natural habitats, landscapes (steep gradients) and biodiversity they shelter, but also to geological riches of the site and its cultural aspects.
The nature reserve was classified in application of the law of July 10, 1976 by a decree of March 4, 1999.
Dating from around 1400 and consisting of 18,664 lines of rhyming tetrameter couplets, the untitled poem takes its name from the surname of Archbishop William Laud, who formerly owned the unique manuscript (Oxford, Bodleian MS Laud Misc.
Cruthers Collection of Women's Art is a collection of more than 700 artworks by Australian women, held at the University of Western Australia.
The Cruthers Collection was founded in 2007 following the donation by Sir James and Lady Sheila Cruthers of some 400 artworks and is named in recognition of their gift.
The collection includes artworks by Australian women artists from the 1890s to the present day, with Australian modernism, feminist and contemporary art being represented.
He worked on the Waterloo and City Line before being taken on by Alexander Kennedy to work on various power station and electric traction projects.
Iosif Varga (6 April 1941 – 22 May 1992) was a Romanian footballer who played as a forward and a manager.
After he retired from playing football he worked at Dinamo's youth center where he taught and formed generations of players, which include Florin Răducioiu, Ioan Lupescu, Bogdan Stelea, Florin Prunea and Florin Tene.
The women's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 19 July 1987.
Haaf net fishing is an ancient type of salmon and sea trout net fishing practised in Britain, and is particularly associated with the estuary forming part of the border between England and Scotland, known as the Solway Firth.
The technique involves fishermen standing chest-deep in the sea and using large submerged framed nets to scoop up fish that swim towards them.
It is a form of fishing that is believed to have been brought to Britain by the Vikings more than a thousand years ago and to have been practised in the Solway Firth since then.
The number of haaf net fishermen has dwindled over the last 50 years and the activity has been restricted by salmon conservation measures.
Haaf net fishing is a type of salmon and sea trout fishing which is practised in South West Scotland and North West England.
In the 1870s, Spencer Walpole reported that haaf net fishing was taking place in the estuaries of the Lune and Ribble in Lancashire, and in the Severn Estuary in South West England.
In the 1970s, there were over a 100 haaf net fishermen based in towns such as Annan or Gretna making a good living.
From the 1980s, the economics of fishing with haaf nets meant that numbers have significantly reduced with only 30 individuals currently practising the technique.
On the Scottish side of the Firth, since 2016, the Scottish Government has introduced salmon conservation measures resulting in haaf net fishermen being required to release alive any salmon they catch.
The English side of the Firth is regulated by the Environment Agency which, after a consultation process, introduced similar restrictions in 2018.
As a consequence, the Solway’s haaf net community believe the survival of their traditions is threatened and is seeking exemptions from these requirements and official recognition that haaf netting should be protected as a culturally important and historic activity.
In response, Marine Scotland, the Scottish Government agency responsible for fish conservation, has said that the issue is that the salmon stocks of the Firth of Solway feed into rivers with differing levels of salmon sustainability and some of the rivers have low levels.
It is set in a rectangular wooden frame usually about four or five metres long and two metres wide supported by three legs.
The technique involves the haaf net being submerged in the water, while the fisherman holds it upright with the central pole.
When a salmon swims into the net the fisherman tilts the pole backwards to scoop the net upwards, thereby trapping the fish.
Florin Lambagiu (born 8 April 1996) is a Romanian light heavyweight kickboxer, sambist, and mixed martial artist (MMA), currently competing for Dynamite Fighting Show.
Acacia lucasii, commonly known as the woolly-bear wattle or Lucas's wattle, is a species of wattle native to the southeastern corner of Australia.
Acacia mariae, commonly known as golden-top wattle or crowned wattle, is a species of wattle native to central New South Wales.
He received his Doctor of Philosophy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993 and was a mathematics professor in the University of Bristol from 1992 to 1996 and in Bristol University from 1996 until he was transferred to the University of Cambridge in 2017.
How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming is a 2019 American computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tim Johnson.
This holiday season, reunite with Hiccup, Astrid, Toothless, Light Fury and all your friends on the Isle of New Berk in this all-new CG animated adventure based upon the critically acclaimed How to Train Your Dragon film trilogy from DreamWorks Animation.
Starring the vocal talents of Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Gerard Butler, Craig Ferguson and Christopher Mintz-Plasse among others, the story centers around Hiccup's plan to celebrate dragons with a grand holiday pageant at the Snoggletog Festival.
This heartwarming idea leads to a series of unexpected, hilarious and thrilling events — but no matter what happens, everyone in Berk is reminded that dragons and humans are forever bonded.
The Ministry of Environment and Rural Development of the Republic of Somaliland) () () is a Somaliland government is the Somaliland branch of government charged with environmental protection.
The Electric Vehicle Association of Great Britain (EVA) was an organisation of the manufacturers of electric vehicles and associated equipment, batteries etc.
Mount Bertha is a 10,204-foot (3,110 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States.
The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, east-northeast of Mount Crillon which is the nearest higher peak, and southeast of Mount Fairweather, which is the highest peak in the Fairweather Range.
The USGS claims it was named after S.S. Bertha, an Alaska Commercial Company steamer in service from 1888 until it wrecked at Uyak Bay on July 18, 1915.
However, according to Bradford Washburn of the Boston Museum of Science and American Mountaineering Museum, this feature was named for a prostitute in Skagway known by members of the International Boundary Commission who surveyed the area.
The first ascent of the peak was made July 30, 1940, by Bradford Washburn, his wife Barbara Washburn, Maynard Miller, Michl Feuersinger, and Thomas Winship.
It was the first mountain climbing experience for Barbara, and Bradford would later refer to the expedition as their honeymoon since they had recently married in April.
This climate supports hanging glaciers on its slopes as well as the immense Brady Glacier to the south, Reid Glacier to the northeast, and Johns Hopkins Glacier to the northwest.
President Bill Clinton nominated Puig-Lugo on January 6, 1999, to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Arthur L. Burnett.
On April 4, 2014, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint him to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
Steve Mikutel (born January 3, 1950) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 45th district from 1993 to 2015.
On 23 January 2020, Barrett made his debut for Watford in a 2–1 FA Cup third round replay defeat against Tranmere Rovers.
On 23 January 2020, Spencer-Adams made his debut for Watford in a 2–1 FA Cup third round replay defeat against Tranmere Rovers.
In the Americas Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Joseph Oluwagbemiga Mayowa W. Hungbo (born 15 January 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Watford.
Hungbo began his career in the youth system at Crystal Palace, being named under-16 player of the year and captaining the club's under-18 side.
On 4 December 2019, after an impressive run of form for Watford's under-23's, Hungbo travelled with the first team squad for an away Premier League game against Leicester City.
On 23 January 2020, Hungbo made his debut for Watford in a 2–1 FA Cup third round replay defeat against Tranmere Rovers.
On 23 January 2020, Wise made his debut for Watford in a 2–1 FA Cup third round replay defeat against Tranmere Rovers.
In 1993 Zipperstein accepted an invitation to teach Jewish Studies for a semester at the Russian State University for the Humanities, Russia's main center for Archival Studies in Moscow.
The Mohametans may be willing to accept a sum of money which would help them to do good for the community and as the Jews are rich, if this thing (the Wailing Wall) is so much desired by them, there seems no reason why they should not pay for it.
On 23 January 2020, Bennetts made his debut for Watford in a 2–1 FA Cup third round replay defeat against Tranmere Rovers.
Jadsom Meemyas de Oliveira da Silva (born 20 May 2001), known as Jadsom Silva, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Cruzeiro.
Born in Recife, Silva started his career at Sport Club do Recife where he made his professional debut on February 3, 2019, in a Campeonato Pernambucano's match against América.
On February 21, 2019, Silva moved permanently to Cruzeiro where he debuted in the Série A on July 27, 2019, against Athletico Paranaense.
The surname changed to Stoove (without acute accent) when Hinrich Stufe (13 August 1722 – 26 October 1769) and his son Johann Henrich Stufe (20 April 1760 – 14 December 1825) both from Bockhop, Germany emigrated to the Netherlands and changed their names into Hendrik Stoove and Jan Hendrik Stoove.
The Kinnel Water rises on the southern edge of the Lowther Hills around two kilometers north of the top of Queensberry near the border with the neighboring council area of South Lanarkshire.
A source river flows from the River Clyde, which flows to the northwest, at a distance of around 400 m. After its upper course mainly follows a south-eastern direction through a hilly landscape, its course takes a southern direction after about nine kilometers.
After its underflow has led the Kinnel Water through a fertile land that it flows around two kilometers northeast of Lochmaben in the River Annan, which eventually drained into the Irish Sea via the Solway Firth.
Numerous streams flow into the Kinnel Water on its course, but it has no significant inflows other than the Water of Ae that flows into Templand.
The Kinnel Water runs through a sparsely populated region, so that it affects few towns, of which Templand is the most populous.
He is one of Square Group's main stakeholders — one of Bangladesh's leading business conglomerates, engaged in pharmaceuticals, textiles, toiletries & cosmetics, food & beverage, security services, information technology, healthcare, organic tea planting, aviation, banking, and satellite television broadcasting.
Anjan Chowdhury was recognized by the Government of Bangladesh as a Commercially Important Person (CIP) in different years since 2005 for his continuous contribution to the economic development of the country and he is one of the highest taxpayer since 2008.
Anjan Chowdhury was born on 17 July 1954 as Late Samson H. Chowdhury's youngest child, founder of Square Group and one of Bangladesh's most renowned businessmen.
He was a member of the Pabna District Sports Association's Executive Committee and still conducts all the events with full authority as a consultant.
He was awarded the National Sports Awards 2009 by The Ministry of Youth & Sports, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, for his outstanding contribution in the country's sporting arena.
As part of care-based marketing, his company Square launched a toll-free Helpline (medical & psychological) and Digital Platform accessible to anyone, which helps with a special concentration for pregnant women, new mothers and children to the needs of mass people across the country.
His contribution, in partnership with The Government of The Netherlands and SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, helped 3 million female RMG workers in Bangladesh ensure Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR).
Stephanie Benfield (born December 25, 1965) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1999 to 2013.
López earned his Bachelor of Arts from Middlebury College in 1973, and his Juris Doctor from Suffolk University Law School in 1977.
President George H. W. Bush nominated López on April 19, 1990, to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
He represented Brazil at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's long jump T36 event and the bronze medal in the men's 100 metres T36 event.
He also won the silver medal in the men's long jump T36 event and the bronze medal in the men's 100 metres T36 event.
His zoo (Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park) was cited multiple times by the USDA for violations of Animal Welfare Act standards.
In September 2018, Maldonado-Passage was indicted and arrested by the FBI for attempting to hire someone to murder Carole Baskin, who runs Big Cat Rescue.
Maldonado-Passage was convicted of two counts of murder-for-hire, eight violations of the Lacey Act and nine of the Endangered Species Act.
Kurt (Keery) dreams of social media stardom but before he can achieve his aims he has to work for Spree, a rideshare company.
He decides to combine his work with his social media aspirations and decks out his car with cameras for a nonstop live stream of entertainment that has viral potential.
He basically had this movie in his head and just knew every detail of it.” Keery worked closely with Kotlyarenko to understand his character.
To the extent that it works, much credit goes to Keery, for finding the real human need inside this twentysomething cipher.
Adriano Firmino dos Santos da Silva (born 4 November 1999), is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Cruzeiro.
After several good performances at the U20 team, the then Cruzeiro's coach, Mano Menezes, moved him up to the senior team in March 2019.
Marwane Benamra (born 9 April 1995) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays for Belgian club Givry in the Belgian Second Amateur Division, on loan from Virton.
The Pembrokeshire Murders is a forthcoming British three-part television drama miniseries, based on the murders by Welsh serial killer John Cooper.
In 2006 newly promoted Detective Superintendent Steve Wilkins decided to reopen two unsolved 1980s murder cases linked with a string of burglaries.
After completing her law examination, Björg became an employee of a committee under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice which from 1991 to 1992 prepared the adoption of Act no.
She worked as a lawyer in the legal office of the Ministry of Justice during the period 1994–1996, was Director of Police and Judicial Affairs during 1996–2001 and Director of Legal Affairs at the Ministry of Justice in 2002.
She also served as Agent of the Government of Iceland to the European Court of Human Rights during 1999–2005 and 2009–2011.
During the period 1994–2002, Björg was a part-time lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Iceland in international rules of human rights and constitutional law.
She has been a Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Iceland in constitutional law, international rules of human rights and international law from 2002, and during 2007–2010, she served as Dean of the Faculty of Law.
The teaching and research of Björg are mostly in the areas of constitutional law, European rules of human rights, international law and data protection law, and she has published numerous articles, book chapters and books in domestic and international forums on these matters, as well as advisory opinions, reports and work on proposed bills.
She was a visiting fellow in the Faculty of Law at the University of Copenhagen in 2011 and 2014 and at the European University Institute in 2018.
She has been Chair of the board of the Data Protection Authority since 2011 and was Chair of a work group of the Minister of Justice to prepare for adoption of the EU Data Protection Regulation into Icelandic law in 2017 and 2018.
Here can also be mentioned chairmanship at University of Iceland Press from 2016 and the Law of the Sea Institute of Iceland from 2017, and she furthermore served as Chair of the board of the Human Rights Institute of the University of Iceland during the period 2004–2013.
Björg was appointed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs on 4 November 2009 as one of two Deputy Chairs of the Negotiation Committee on Iceland’s accession to the EU.
She was also Chair of the Advisory Committee to the Government on the Revision of the Constitution of Iceland in 2009 and was appointed by the Prime Minister to a Committee of Experts for the Revision of the Constitution, 2005–2007.
She serves on the Consultative Committee of the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (T-PD).
She was furthermore the representative of Iceland in the negotiation group of the Council of Europe and European Union on the accession of the EU to the European Convention on Human Rights in 2010 og 2011.
Björg also worked in news reporting at NT and the newspaper Tíminn 1985 and 1986, the newspaper Vísir in 1986 and 1987 and the news room of the Icelandic State Broadcasting Service (RÚV) during the period 1988–1991.
Björg was awarded the insignia of the Icelandic Order of the Falcon on New Year’s Day 2019 for teaching and research in the field of law.
The parents of Björg are Sigurlaug Bjarnadóttir, upper secondary school teacher and former member of Althing (born 1926), and Þorsteinn Thorarensen, lawyer and book publisher (1927–2006).
The 2020 Campeonato da Primeira Divisão de Futebol Profissional da FGF, better known as the 2020 Campeonato Gaúcho, is the 100th season of Rio Grande do Sul's top-flight football league.
He represented Azerbaijan at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 81 kg event in 2016.
The Robert Morris Colonials women represented Robert Morris University in CHA women's ice hockey during the 2013-14 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
The Colonials finished conference play in second place, and were eliminated in the first round of the CHA Tournament by RIT.
He represented Uzbekistan at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 73 kg event in 2012.
Worst case market risk measure, average market risk,Value at Risk of Value at Risk are special examples of superposed risk measures.
Arthur Heath Light (born July 7, 1929) is an American prelate who served as the fourth Episcopal Church Bishop of Southwestern Virginia between 1979 and 1996.
Light was ordained deacon on June 11, 1954 and priest on June 24, 1955 in Christ and St. Luke's Church by Bishop George P. Gunn of Southern Virginia.
From 1954 to 1958, he served as priest-in-charge of St James Church and Christ Church in Boydton, Virginia, St John's Church in Chase City, Virginia and St Timothy's Church in Clarksville, Virginia.
In 1958 he became rector of Christ Church in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, while in 1964 he became rector of St Mary's Church in Kinston, North Carolina.
Light was elected Bishop of Southwestern Virginia in 1979 and was consecrated on June 2, 1979 in the Salem Civic Center in Salem, Virginia.
Throughout his tenure, Light was a prominent supported of the ordination of women and appointed numerous women to different positions in the diocese.
The Cymmer Colliery explosion occurred in the early morning of 15 July 1856 at the Old Pit mine of the Cymmer Colliery near Porth (lower Rhondda Valley), Wales, operated by George Insole & Son.
The local communities were outraged that the ensuing legal proceedings resulted in the complete exoneration of the mine owner and his officials from all blame for the disaster.
The Crimean War created increased demand for coal and in 1855 Insole intensified his mining operations at the Old Pit, doubling the number of colliers and increasing the mine area by over a third.
It was the success of [the Cymmer Old Pit mine] when developed with such inordinate speed and recklessness by [George Insole's] son, James Harvey Insole, that led directly to the terrible mining disaster of 1856.
On Tuesday, 15 July 1856, 160 men and boys descended the Old Pit mine shaft to commence their 6 a.m. shift.
As they made their way to their workplaces underground there was an explosion of gas near the mine entrance which trapped the colliers already deeper in the mine.
By that evening, 112 bodies had been recovered, another was brought up the next day and a severely burnt collier died the following day.
The coroner's inquest began on 16 July 1856 in Porth before the North Glamorgan coroner George Overton and a jury of eighteen.
The evidence indicated that the explosion was due to defective mine ventilation and the use of naked flames underground, despite warnings having been sent to the mine owner by HM Inspector of Mines, Herbert Francis Mackworth.
Among the 114 victims, thirty-four were boys under the age of sixteen and another fifteen were under the age of twelve.
However, the mine manager, Jabez Thomas, and mine officials Rowland Rowlands (), Morgan Rowlands (fireman), David Jones (fireman), and William Thomas (fireman), were charged with manslaughter for their negligence causing the deaths of 114 men.
... in as much as Mr. Jabez Thomas was the above ground manager and did not go underground, he could not be held responsible ... [and] as regards the other men no direct case of omission was brought against them and he could not see how they could be guilty of manslaughter.
He did not care to conceal that he was a zealous advocate of the prisoners at the bar, and that he was trying a cause which, in his opinion, ought never to have come into Court.
To the deep distress and anger of the local mining communities, the final result of the legal proceedings was that the mine owner and his officials were exonerated from all blame.
Possibly the legal processes of the time were insufficient to punish those who were culpable, but of the moral responsibility of owner and officials, even when judged against the background of their own time and place, there can be no question.
Thirty graves were opened at the Cymmer Independent Chapel's graveyard and the bodies of 48 victims were interred there on 17 July 1856 in the presence of huge crowds (one report estimated 15,000 people).
Mackworth reported that:however gross may have been the neglect which caused the husband's death, all interests are arrayed against the survivors.
The colliers, the jury, the means of legal redress are subject to the influence ... of the proprietor of the collieries; the cost of an administration before an action can be commenced, and the difficulty of obtaining a solicitor who will undertake the odium and the risk, unite in forming an insuperable bar to the claim of the widow.
However, local coal owners also combined to deny work to those colliers who had given evidence against the mine officials at the inquest and trial.
Laments were published and, marking the first anniversary of the disaster, a song was patronised by Mrs Insole of Ely Court (Insole's wife) in aid of the relief fund.
Laura Mako (May 29, 1916 - May 10, 2019) was an American interior designer and decorator known for decorating the homes of many Hollywood stars.
When Mako was a young woman she was considered a protegee of Helen Hayes and was given away by Hayes' husband Charles MacArthur at her wedding.
Mako designed home interiors and also Hollywood institutions such as the Jessica Nail Clinic and events such as the wedding of Princes Scheherazade.
Her family was from Saint Mary's County, Maryland and she returned part-time to Maryland after spending most of her time in California.
They are sickle-shaped, are 120–220 mm long by 5–15 mm wide, and have a marginal basal gland and a prominent apical gland.
He was appointed to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 2000 but lost election to a full term by Linda P. Johnson later that year.
His best performances on the Grand Prix circuit were second round appearances at the 1985 Bordeaux Open and the 1986 Athens Open.
He also featured as a wildcard in the main draw of the 1986 French Open, where he was beaten in the first round by José López-Maeso.
She obtained a bachelor's degree in food and nutrition from the University of London and M.Sc from Teachers College, Columbia University.
Theodore E. Cummings (1907–March 30, 1982, Los Angeles, California) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Austria until his death on March 30, 1982.
Prior to that, he opened the first Food Giant supermarket, in 1944, in Long Beach and then went on to develop a string of stores called .
The Lac Sainte-Anne (English: Sainte-Anne Lake) is a freshwater body at the head of the Sainte-Anne River in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The area around the lake is served by the forest road R0300 which runs on the east side of the lake, and by another forest road from the south which connects to the first, south of the lake.
The surface of Lake Sainte-Anne is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of Lac Sainte-Anne, the current descends on following the course of the Sainte-Anne River (Mauricie) to the northeast shore of St. Lawrence River.
The Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarianism Studies (abbreviation: HAIT; ) is a German research institute affiliated with the Dresden University of Technology, devoted to research on totalitarianism and comparative studies of dictatorships, particularly communism/state socialism and fascism/nazism.
In its first two decades of existence, the main focus has been on the former East Germany and post-communist studies; since the 2010s the institute has also strengthened its research on the Nazi era and comparative analysis of autocratic regimes.
As well as the Campeonato Brasileiro, the club competes in the Copa do Brasil, the Campeonato Gaúcho and the Copa Libertadores.
Mathews was the United States Consul to Calcutta from 1946 to 1947 and the United States Consul General in Istanbul from 1951 to 1952.
Mathews was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the position of United States Ambassador to Liberia on August 12, 1959.
Mathews was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the position of United States Ambassador to Nigeria on March 10, 1964.
Ford Thompson Dabney (March 15, 1883, Washington, D.C. - June 21, 1958, Manhattan) was an American ragtime pianist, composer, songwriter, and an acclaimed director of bands and orchestras for musical theater, revues, vaudeville, and early recordings; and, for about 2 years in Washington, from 1910 to 1912, he was a pioneering film and vaudeville theater entrepreneur.
On June 22, 1901, Dabney was promoted from 1st (grade 9) to 2nd year (grade 10) for the fall of 1901.
He sang in the church choir at St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal Chapel, a mission of St. John's Parish, 23rd Street, between G and H Streets, Northwest – the current campus of George Washington University.
In the first week of January 1904, Dabney, then an accomplished pianist, sailed to Haiti to accept a four-month post as pianist to the president, Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910), for $4,000 (), after which, he would travel to France to play for President Émile Loubet, then to Germany.
Dabney began working with James Reese Europe at the Clef Club in the 1910s, and together collaborated with Florenz Ziegfeld on his shows in New York City (including at the New Amsterdam Theater from 1913 to 1921).
Given that (i) Dabney and his instrumentalists all were black and (ii) Fields was white, that particular recording is the earliest known racially integrated recording session.
James Reese Europe in Boston at Mechanics Hall, during an intermission, berated a snare drummer, Herbert B. Wright (born 1895), who became enraged and lunged at Europe's neck with a pen knife; in what seemed initially to be a minor nick, but quickly turned fatal.
After Europe's death, Dabney continued on with his own ensembles, including Dabney's Band and Ford Dabney's Syncopated Orchestra, the latter of which recorded for Belvedere Records and Puritan Records.
As a side note, when Wright was released on March 30, 1927, he, with his wife Lillie, lived in Roxbury, Boston, at 23 Haskins Street, working as an elevator operator, a dance band drummer, and a private drum teacher.
Ford Dabney's stepmother, Gertrude, in 1929, held the distinction of serving on the first all-women jury in Washington, D.C. She was the only non-white.
Dabney married on March 14, 1912, in Washington to Martha D. Gans, widow of boxer Joe Gans who owned the Goldfield Hotel in Baltimore at the corner of East Lexington and Colvin Streets.
One of Ford Dabney's great uncles, John Marshall Dabney (1824–1900) was, in November 2015, honored in Richmond, Virginia, at the Quirk Hotel as a famed caterer and bartender – known as the world's greatest mint julep maker.
Buck Spottswood, as manager, and J. Milton Dabney as team captain, reorganized, in 1895, the Manhattan Baseball Club of Richmond, Virginia.
The demise of the chain was put down to over-saturation of the casual dining market in the United Kingdom, with consumers spending less and opting for lower-end options.
He represented Ukraine at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 81 kg event in 2012 and the bronze medal in the men's 81 kg event in 2016.
After leaving school, Howell developed his own distinctive style of piano playing, starting with blues, then rock and roll and eventually boogie-woogie.
In the 1970s, he backed Johnny Mars, a popular American electric blues harmonica player, singer, and songwriter who had relocated to Britain.
Howell then joined the Darts (which evolved from Rocky Sharpe and the Razors) and stayed with them, on and off, through the 1980s.
During this period he occasionally taught piano, and at one point came to young Brendan Kavanagh's home to give him three free boogie-woogie lessons.
Luke Wilkins (born 27 December, 1989) is an Australian professional baseball pitcher for the Sydney Blue Sox of the Australian Baseball League.
After many years playing for New South Wales at junior level, in 2008 Wilkins began his overseas playing career at Clarendon College, a division 1 NJCAA college in Texas.
Following his sophomore year with Clarendon, Wilkins returned to Australia and as a 20 year old made his debut in the Australian Baseball League for the Canberra Cavalry in their inaugural season.
In limit appearances for the Cavalry he had a turbulent start to his career, posting a 32.40 ERA in four games, including one start.
In 2013, he posted what would have been the ABL's best ever ERA of 0.28 in 21 appearances out of the bullpen.
The following season, he was moved to the Blue Sox starting rotation, until 2019–20 when he was moved back to the bullpen.
Outside of his Australian Baseball League career, Wilkins pitched in the Frontier League for the Washington Wild Things in 2015 and 2016 and played for three different teams in the American Association in 2019.
The Egyptian National Action Group or ENAG is a group of expatriate Egyptians created in December 2019 with the aim of overthrowing military rule in Egypt.
In December 2019, a group of expatriate Egyptians, including Ayman Nour, a candidate in the 2005 Egyptian presidential election who was held under arrest during six weeks prior to the election, and for four years following the election, announced the creation of the Egyptian National Action Group.
On 2 January 2020, ENAG criticised Egyptian military involvement in the 2019–20 Western Libya offensive of the Second Libyan Civil WAr.
On 13 January 2020, the day when Moustafa Kassem, a United States (US) citizen imprisoned in Egypt died after a hunger strike, ENAG stated that 300 detainees in the maximum security wing of Tora Prison had been on hunger strike since 5 January, when a prisoner had died as a result of inadequate medical care.
Each flower is two inches wide, bright orange in color, tubular, flaring (salverform) with 11–18 lobes, bearing 13–18 stamens that are not equal in length.
The 2018 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships were held in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, from 13 ‐ 18 August 2018.
It was designed in the Victorian Eclectic style with Gothic Revival and Byzantine Revival features by architects Byron Vreeland and Herman Kemna, and built in 1889–1890 for Robert Barnett, the owner of the Northern Pacific Hotel.
The Ministry of Information and National Guidance of the Republic of Somaliland) () () is a Somaliland government ministry which is responsible and concerned about Information, broadcasting, and national guidance.
Jones was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the position of United States Ambassador to Liberia on May 31, 1955.
A prominent artist of the Danish Golden Age, Eckersberg encouraged his young student to produce paintings in his own style; with the support of his influential tutor, Müller was able to paint in the style of History painting—an uncommon genre among Danish painters of the time.
The palace was also the seat of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Art, and as such was attached great cultural importance in Denmark.
On January 17, 2020, the project was first announced, which stated that Marv Films and Maven Pictures was developing a British Christmas comedy with Camille Griffen to write and directional debut.
In 1924 he was approached by the Chicago University Oriental Institute concerning an international project for the publication of a complete text edition of the Egyptian Coffin Texts.
He stepped down from his ministry in Ursem to work on the project, although he continued to occasionally preach in Leiden and its surroundings.
From 1939 to 1955 De Buck and Assyriologist Franz Böhl were co-directors of the Netherlands Institute for the Near East in Leiden.
In 1947 the International Association of Egyptologists was founded, aiming at publication of the Annual Egyptological Bibliography; De Buck was appointed chairman.
Herman Kemna (c. 1858 - June 7, 1937) was a German-born American architect who designed many buildings in the state of Montana.
He emigrated to the United States in the 1880s to work as an engineer for the Northern Railway Company in Montana.
Kemna designed many buildings in Helena, including the Broadwater Plunge and Hotel, and in Butte, including the Owsley Block, the Phoenix Block, the Thomas Block, and several schools.
With Byron Vreeland, Kemna designed at least two buildings in Bozeman: the R.T. Barnett and Company Building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the Palace Saloon.
The Ministry of Livestock & Fisheries of the Republic of Somaliland) () () is a Somaliland government ministry which is responsible for the country's livestock and fishery sectors.
28D is the term used to refer to the 2017 December 28 press conference of the Central Bank of Argentina together with the Treasury in which they changed their inflation target.
This event is pointed as the beginning of the lost of confidence that sparked the beginning of the 2018 Argentine monetary crisis.
The 1937 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1937 college football season.
The Darmstadt Electronic Computing Machine (DERA), (German:Darmstädter Elektronischer Rechenautomat) was an experimental, room-sized electronic computer calculator with vacuum tube built in 1951.
The college began functioning primarily as an Arts college with provision for teaching Pre-University Arts course, for which affiliation was granted by the Utkal University.
The institution became a Degree College in Arts in the year 1963 and the provision was made for teaching Pre-University Science Course in 1964, Pre-Professional Course in 1967, Honours Courses in History & Oriya in 1968, B.Sc.
After his sad demise the College was named as PRANANATH COLLEGE in November 1970, in the fond memory of our beloved founder.
In 1972 Degree Course in Commerce, in 1973 Honours Courses in Philosophy, Physics and Chemistry, in 1974 Honours Courses in Botany & Zoology, in 1979 Commerce Honours (Accountancy Group), in 1980 Honours Course in Psychology and in 1981 Honours Course in Education and Mathematics were started.
Higher Secondary (Plus Two) Courses were opened simultaneously in Arts, Science and Commerce from the academic session 1983–84 and the institution got affiliated to the Council of Higher Secondary Education, Orissa in the same year.
in Personnel Management and Industrial relation were opened in the session 2009–10 and Government of Odisha accorded due recognition to the course in December 2010 and due affiliationin 2011 w.e.f-2009.
South Bend Lions Football Club is an American football club based in South Bend, Indiana, that plays in USL League Two, the American semi-professional soccer league.
The club was established on November 18, 2019 and will begin their first professional season in 2020, participating in the league's Great Lakes Division.
On November 18, 2019, it was announced by USL League Two that South Bend Lions FC would be the newest team to join the league for their 2020 season, joining the Great Lakes Division.
Ritchie Jeune was introduced as the club's owner while Thiago Pinto, the head coach of Bethel University's soccer team, was introduced as the club's technical director.
The club's owner is Ritchie Jeune, who is also the principal owner of Kettering Town, in England's National League North, and Shantou Lions FC, a club based in China.
During the club's opening press conference, it was announced that they would be opening an under-18 side which would help provide players for the first-team.
Before her appointment in the Bahamas, Bowers was Chief of Staff of the Department of State’s Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
Bowers also worked as Deputy Director of the Office of Central American Affairs, Deputy Director of the Office of International Religious Freedom, Senior Watch Officer in the Secretary of State’s Executive Secretariat Operations Center, and as Caribbean Basin Security Initiative Coordinator and South America Team Leader in the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL).
Bowers graduated from The George Washington University with degrees in International Affairs and French Language and Literature and the National War College, where she received an M.S.
He has done Bachelor of management studies in Finance from Jai Hind College Mumbai and MSM Entrepreneurial Leadership from Babson College Franklin W Olin.
He started as athletes from Mumbai and run hundreds of kilometers each year and in the process, he went through several pairs of sports shoes.
He spoke in TEDxYouth@WASO which was an independently organized TEDx event held in Wellington Academy, Dubai Silicon Oasis in April 2016.
He has also set up a skill center in Jharkhand with Tata Steel, to train tribal women in recycling old footwear.
Maxwell Houston Brown (born 30 April, 1993) is an New Zealand-American professional baseball outfielder for the Auckland Tuatara of the Australian Baseball League.
Brown was born in Seattle, Washington to an American mother and New Zealander father and grew up in North Bend, Washington.
After attending Kansas State University and hitting .297/.373/.400 in his NCAA Division I career, Brown was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 37th round of the 2015 Major League Baseball draft.
He played for the Arizona League Diamondbacks for the rest of 2015 and in 2016 was promoted to the Missoula Osprey and Hillsboro Hops before being released following the 2016 season.
Brown continued his professional baseball career, playing with the Adelaide Bite after moving to South Australia to play with Glenelg Baseball Club.
With the addition of the Auckland Tuatara for the 2018–19 Australian Baseball League season, Brown was one of the first players to sign with the team, playing all 40 games.
As a 20 year old, he made his debut for the New Zealand national baseball team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic Qualifiers, batting .154 as New Zealand failed to qualify over Chinese Taipei.
In the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualifiers as the starting centerfielder, he batted .184 as they were eliminated by South Africa and finished behind eventual qualifiers Australia.
As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 1087 where 590 are men and 497 are women.
The route is composed of Highway 14, Pacific Marine Road, Shore Road, Highway 18, and a segment of the Trans-Canada Highway.
The Pacific Marine Circle Route was established by the British Columbia Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture with the promise of an increase in tourist travel in southern Vancouver Island.
Ashley Lin or Lin Shan (; born March 12, 2003) is a Chinese-American figure skater, who represents China in ladies' singles.
Lin became a naturalized Chinese citizen in early 2019, and thus relinquished her U.S. citizenship, as China does not allow dual nationality.
Lin was 21st after the short program at the 2018 U.S. Championships, and later withdrew from the free skating for unspecified reasons.
She made her senior international debut at 2018 CS Nebelhorn Trophy, where she earned personal bests in all segments to place fifth overall.
Lin then competed at 2018 CS Inge Solar Memorial – Alpen Trophy, where she narrowly missed the podium, finishing in fourth 0.06 points behind Australia's Brooklee Han after a free skating comeback.
Lin officially switched to representing her parents' native country of China in 2019, as part of the country's initiative to recruit top athletes leading up to the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
According to International Skating Union rules for switching nationalities, she was required to sit out international competition for a year dating from her last international appearance, making her ineligible for Challenger Series and Junior Grand Prix/Grand Prix events.
Her coach, Chen Lu, told media that they were aiming to refine details and increase Lin's difficulty in the lead-up to the Olympics.
The Chinese Skating Association arranged for Lin to train with coaches Eteri Tutberidze, Sergei Dudakov, and Daniil Gleikhengauz in Moscow, Russia for two weeks in October.
She continues to do research in astrophysics, working with Dr. Brooke Simmons at the University of California, San Diego and Dr. Chris Lintott of Zooniverse.
Shaquil Delos (born 21 November 1988) is a French professional footballer who plays as a fullback for FC Chambly in the French Ligue 2.
The Gary American was a newspaper that operated from the 1920s to the 1990s in Gary, Indiana, serving the African-American community of that city.
In the 1940s, however, it widened its geographic scope to incorporate a regular column on the African-American community in neighboring East Chicago.
Henry Oliver Whitlock died of a heart attack on May 5, 1960, and Edwina Whitlock operated the paper for a year thereafter.
It also chronicled important gains by the city's African-American community, including the first African-American recipient of a taxi license in 1945, and the first African-American appointee to the Gary School Board in 1949.
She obtained a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from Victoria University of Wellington (1998) and was awarded a Commonwealth Scholarship to study women’s travel writing at the University of York, where she graduated with Master of Arts (Distinction) in Eighteenth Century Studies (2001).
She then studied for a doctorate in English Literature at Princeton University and received an MA in 2003 and a PhD in 2006.
Ingrid Horrocks won the class prize for creative writing in 1996, the Macmillan Brown Prize in 1996 and a William Georgetti Scholarship in 1999.
In 2016, she received the College of Humanities and Social Sciences Teaching Award from Massey University for her innovative creative non-fiction courses.
Her travel essay, ‘Gone Swimming’ was shortlisted for the 2017 Landfall Essay Competition and she was highly commended in the same competition in 2019.
It was formed in March 2017 in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015 as per the requirement of Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration.
The 2020 Indonesia Masters (officially known as the Daihatsu Indonesia Masters 2020 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament that took place at the Istora Gelora Bung Karno in Indonesia from 14 to 19 January 2020 and had a total purse of $400,000.
The 2020 Indonesia Masters was the second tournament of the 2020 BWF World Tour and also part of the Indonesia Masters championships, which had been held since 2010.
Below is the point distribution for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF World Tour Super 500 event.
Gender sensitivity is the process by which people are made aware of how gender plays a role in life through their treatment of others.
Gender relations are present in all institutions and gender sensitivity especially manifests in recognizing privilege and discrimination around gender; women are generally seen as disadvantaged in society.
Gender sensitivity trainings are used to educate people, usually employees, to become more aware of and sensitive to gender in their lives or workplaces.
They are becoming more popular in the United States, particularly in areas of the service industry, such as healthcare and education.
Gender sensitivity in reproductive health is reliant on treating all clients with equal respect, regardless of sex, gender identity, marital status, sexual orientation, or age.
Indicators of gender-sensitive service include: refraining from discriminating against or stereotyping clients on the basis of sex or gender, treating all clients with equal respect, offering gender sensitivity training to all employees, and providing adequate representation of female care providers.
Gender sensitization promotes equality for men and women by allowing men and women to view what is stereotypical of and reasonable for their gender.
Therefore, teachers are in a position to teach children about gender sensitization through how they conduct their classroom and interact with their students.
Teachers who are successful at sensitizing their students to gender at a young age can influence a change in children's thought processes, which positions them to break societal stigmas in childhood and throughout life.
Educating children about gender identities that do not conform to the gender binary helps to break the stigma associated with these identities.
Indicators of masculinity in boys include cars, the color blue, and superheroes; indicators of femininity in girls include dolls, the color pink, and princesses.
The 15th Prix Jutra ceremony was held on March 17, 2013 at the Salle Pierre-Mercure theatre in Montreal, Quebec, to honour achievements in the Cinema of Quebec in 2012.
It connects the Cambridge portion of North Point Park with Paul Revere Park in nearby Charlestown on the northern side of the Charles River.
The bridge leaves the ground from near the northeast corner of the Cambridge part of North Point Park (other parts of which are within the municipal boundaries of Boston).
It crosses the MBTA Commuter Rail tracks leading into North Station, crosses the Millers River, and goes under the highway lanes of the Leverett Connector.
The film stars Neil Breen, Sara Meritt, Siohbun Ebrahimi, Denise Bellini, Marty Dasis, Brad Stein, John Smith Burns, Art MacHenster, Greg Smith Burns, Ada Masters, and Jason Moriglio.
The film centers around identical twin brothers, Cade and Cale Altair, who become hybrid Artificial Intelligence entities, who are torn in different directions to achieve justice for humanity.
During their youth, Cade and his identical twin brother Cale (both portrayed by Neil Breen) were abducted by an unknown power and modified to become Humanoids, secret agents who are out to stop evil.
Cale meets with a lawyer, an executive and the President of The Bank and interrogates them for a while before he shoots one of them in the leg and leaves to do pills with his girlfriend Donna (portrayed by Siohbon Ebrahimi).
Cade's boss tells him about programmable virtual reality and how a man named Cuzzx (portrayed by Greg Smith Burns) is going to use it to conduct the biggest cyber and terror attack ever.
Cade finds four guys wearing VR goggles who are in some kind of trance, and in the next room, a very old person dressed like Cuzzx meeting with people.
Meanwhile, Cale tracks down and murders a rich executive, but the police find no evidence because Cale picked up the shell casings.
Cade pretends to be a rich investor who wants to give money to the Cuzzx Empire, which gets him a tour of Cuzzx' house.
Donna, Cale's pillhead girlfriend, breaks up with him and then runs into Cade, demanding to know where she can get more drugs and why he shaved his beard.
In the virtual reality forest, Cade and Alana reunite, they embrace and Alana tells him she loves him, and then disappears.
The film ends with Cade addressing the audience, accepting the loss of Alana, and stating that humanity will eventually live in a virtual universe.
Watching this trailer, you start to think that maybe this is a very elaborate joke, and Breen is just messing with us.
What it does have are some elements of science fiction, a murder mystery, espionage, romance, and even a touch of domestic drama, but none of it is cohesive, and none of it goes anywhere.
American culture has always championed the idea of a lone warrior setting out to right the wrongs of society, if not the world.
The All-American hero is a noticeably aged Neil Breen who either makes his enemies think about their actions or makes them pay for it.
While the CGI looks cheap and fake, that only adds to the fun during scenes where explosions awkwardly fill a classroom.
Watching him trying his best to emote sadness as he tries to persuade his brother (which is Breen with a cheap beard and a hoodie) to turn himself in to the cops is something to be witnessed—preferably with a few friends and some drinks.
Duane Slick was born 1961 in Waterloo, Iowa, to a father of the Mesqwaki (Fox) tribe and a mother of the Ho-Chunk tribe.
Slick's work is included in many public art collections including the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution, Danforth Art Museum, Des Moines Art Center, among others.
Skyfire is a 2019 Chinese disaster and action film directed by Simon West and written by Wei Bu and Sidney King.
It is one of the earliest large buildings built in permanent materials in Canterbury and the earliest large structure in New Zealand of Jacobean architecture still in existence.
It has been extended several times, with the 1881 extension designed by Strouts, the west wing was designed in 1918 by John Guthrie, and Cecil Wood designed the Memorial Hall in 1923.
Elders provide support for their communities in the form of guidance, counselling and knowledge, which help tackle problems of health, education, unemployment and racism.
Siriwardena was elected to Parliament from the Minuwangoda Electoral District in the Parliamentary elections in March 1960 from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party retaining the seat in the subsequent elections in July that year.
He was appointed as the Minister of Labour and Nationalised Services in 1960 and served until 1963, when he was appointed Minister of Public Works and Post.
Vice-Admiral Ahmed Saeed is a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy currently serving as the senior commander of the Naval Strategic Forces Command since 2018.
It was formed in March, 2017 in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015 as per the requirement of Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration.
Charles Ferdinand Venneman (7 January 1802, Ghent - 22 August 1875, Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) was a Belgian painter who specialized in anecdotal genre scenes, Flemish fairs, and landscapes with animals.
While there, he came under the influence of the works of David Teniers and Adriaen van Ostade; particularly those that depicted villagers and peasants having fun.
As with many prolific 19th century painters, he used a pitch-based paint that does not preserve color very well; leaving his works less colorful and nuanced than they were originally.
The change of title of Nagvanshi kings from Rai to Karn may be due to victory over or alliance with descedant of Lakshmikarna of Kalachuri dynasty.
Uche Elendu (born July 14 1986) is a Nigerian actress, singer and entrepreneur She was described as one of the most consistent faces in the Nigerian movie industry from her debut in 2001 up until 2010 when she took a break from the Nigerian entertainment industry.
Elendu was born in Abia State which is located in the south-eastern geographical area of Nigeria, predominantly occupied by the Igbo people of Nigeria.
Elendu in an interview with the The Sun discussed her futile struggles to return back to the Nollywood movie industry after returning from her acting break.
Elendu, although now divorced, got married in January 2012 at the city of Owerri, Imo State to Walter Ogochukwu Igweanyimba and both have two children together both of them female.
Motukaraka Island (Island of Karaka) is a uninhabited island off the coast of Beachlands in Auckland, New Zealand with historical significance and a rich history of Māori occupation.
The island is flat and approximately 15m above sea level with access from the mainland via a raised shellbank for approximately two hours either side of low tide.
The rocks surrounding the island are a popular day trip and fishing destination, although access to the top of the island is difficult due to the steep cliffs around it.
Historian Percy Smith records that in the late 18th Century Mutokaraka Island was a heavily fortified pā of about 100 members of the tribe Ngāti Pāoa.
In the 1920s the island was used for various farming purposes, including growing Karaka, breeding rabbits and farming potatoes, with a chute built to drop the bags of potatoes down unto waiting carts.
At various times stairs have been present to allow easy access to the island but drainage issues and the harsh environment have required their removal.
The Intermountain Collegiate Athletic Conference (ICAC) is a defunct U.S. junior college athletic conference for schools in the states of Colorado, Idaho, and Utah that existed from 1936 to 1984.
In 1939, the league saw its largest membership when Carbon Junior College (later College of Eastern Utah) and Snow College joined.
In the early 1940s, the league saw disruption due to the outbreak of World War II – Ricks and Albion were forced to leave prior to the 1941 season, while Weber and Westminster were forced to leave prior to the 1942 season.
Prior to 1948, Mesa left the league, while Westminster and Ricks rejoined, and a new member also joined – Boise Junior College (later Boise College).
In 1985, the NJCAA realigned its regions in response to a large number of Oregon and Washington schools leaving the organization to form the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges.
NJCAA Region 18 was expanded to include schools in Utah, which resulted in all ICAC members being merged into the Scenic West Athletic Conference (Ricks had already been a member of the SWAC in non-football sports since 1968).
Mount Martha Black, elevation , is the highest point in the Auriol Range of the Saint Elias Mountains in Yukon, Canada.
The multi-summit massif is situated southwest of Haines Junction, northwest of Mount Worthington, and southeast of Mount Archibald, which is the nearest higher peak.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Martha Black is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The annual average temperature in the neighborhood is -6 ° C. The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 8 °C, and the coldest is December when temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
There are a few undulating hills in the sanctuary with a large area which is a part of the catchment area of Aadan reservoir.
It was formed in March 2017, when Government of Nepal decided to restrict all old administrative structure and announced 744 local level units in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015.
Jagnnath the name of this rural municipality is derived after the name of cave locally refereed as jagnnath which is also located in this region.
In discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, the rotation distance between two binary trees with the same number of nodes is the minimum number of tree rotations needed to reconfigure one tree into another.
Because of a combinatorial equivalence between binary trees and triangulations of convex polygons, rotation distance is equivalent to the flip distance for triangulations of convex polygons.
Each binary tree has a left-to-right ordering of its nodes, its inorder traversal, obtained by recursively traversing the left subtree (the subtree at the left child of the root, if such a child exists), then listing the root itself, and then recursively traversing the right subtree.
In a binary search tree, each node is associated with a search key, and the left-to-right ordering is required to be consistent with the order of the keys.
A rotation operates on two nodes and , where is the parent of , and restructures the tree by making be the parent of and taking the place of in the tree.
To free up one of the child links of and make room to link as a child of , this operation may also need to move one of the children of to become a child of .
Any two trees that have the same left-to-right sequence of nodes may be transformed into each other by a sequence of rotations.
The rotation distance between the two trees is the number of rotations in the shortest possible sequence of rotations that performs this transformation.
Flips and flip distances can be defined in this way for several different kinds of triangulations, including triangulations of sets of points in the Euclidean plane, triangulations of polygons, and triangulations of abstract manifolds.
There is a one-to-one correspondence between triangulations of a given convex polygon, with a designated root edge, and binary trees, taking triangulations of -sided polygons into binary trees with nodes.
The root node is the triangle having the designated root edge as one of its sides, and two nodes are linked as parent and child in the tree when the corresponding triangles share a diagonal in the triangulation.
If a tree has the property that not all nodes belong to the right spine, there always exists a right rotation that increases the length of the right spine.
For, in this case, there exists at least one node on the right spine that has a left child that is not on the right spine.
By repeatedly increasing the length of the right spine, any -node tree can be transformed into the unique tree with the same node order in which all nodes belong to the right spine, in at most steps.
Given any two trees with the same node order, one can transform one into the other by transforming the first tree into a tree with all nodes on the right spine, and then reversing the same transformation of the second tree, in a total of at most steps.
By considering the problem in terms of flips of convex polygons instead of rotations of trees, were able to show that the rotation distance is at most .
In terms of triangulations of convex polygons, the right spine is the sequence of triangles incident to the right endpoint of the root edge, and the tree in which all vertices lie on the spine corresponds to a fan triangulation for this vertex.
The main idea of their improvement is to try flipping both given triangulations to a fan triangulation for any vertex, rather than only the one for the right endpoint of the root edge.
It is not possible for all of these choices to simultaneously give the worst-case distance from each starting triangulation, giving the improvement.
The existence of short rotation sequences between any two trees implies that testing whether the rotation distance is at most belongs to the complexity class NP, but it is not known to be NP-complete, nor is it known to be solvable in polynomial time.
The rotation distance between any two trees can be lower bounded, in the equivalent view of polygon triangulations, by the number of diagonals that need to be removed from one triangulation and replaced by other diagonals to produce the other triangulation.
by partitioning the problem into subproblems along any diagonals shared between both triangulations and then applying the method of to each subproblem.
A similar approach of partitioning into subproblems along shared diagonals leads to a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for computing the rotation distance exactly.
Determining the complexity of computing the rotation distance exactly without parameterization remains unsolved, and the best algorithms currently known for the problem run in exponential time.
As it was performed in Istanbul, Turkey on December 8, 2019, the police interfered and detained several of the dancing protestors.
Edward Stanley Gotch Robinson (1887-1976) was a numismatist, specializing in Greek and Roman coins, and Keeper of the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum.
He joined the British School in Athens, 1910-11, and then the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum in 1912.
He enlisted in the army in 1914, but was wounded in combat in France, and, after a stint at the Home Office, returned to the British Museum, eventually becoming Deptuty Keeper in 1936, and Keeper (Head) of the Department, 1949-52.
He was then appointed Reader in Numismatics, at the University of Oxford, and advised art collector Calouste Gulbenkian on his numismatic collection.
He retired in 1955, but continued to advise in the Heberden Coin Room at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, to which he endowed his own collection in 1964.
The Douglas Steamship Company was a British merchant shipping and maritime trading company founded in 1883 in the Crown colony of Hong Kong by John Steward Lapraik and dissolved in 1987.
After arriving in Hong Kong in 1858 to join his uncle, Douglas Lapraik's shipping empire at Douglas Lapraik & Company, John Steward Lapraik quickly became one of main figures in the business.
With the death of Douglas Lapraik in 1869, John Steward Lapraik became one of the main beneficiaries of his uncle's estate together with Robert Ellis Baker, William Lane and Robert Manger.
Due likely to reasons related to desired control over operations underway at Douglas Lapraik & Company and future expansion opportunities, in 1883, John Steward Lapraik founded the Douglas Steamship Company 28 July 1883 with two partners.
By 1892, the Douglas Steamship Company sucessfully acquired the operations of Francis Cass of Amoy to form a new subsidiary called Lapraik, Cass & Company which would continue operations out of Amoy.
In the same year, Douglas Steamship Company also acquired Dodd & Company of Tamsui on Formosa which would go on to be a bastion of the company's activities.
The same year, the Douglas Steamship Company issued around $1,000,000 HKD in new share capital following the publication of a prospectus.
In 1893, John Steward Lapraik died of heart disease in Hong Kong at the age of 54 and a large portion of his estate was passed to his son, John Douglas Lapraik.
T. E. Davies succeeded in taking control of the company following the death of Steward Lapraik with Davis being succeeded in turn in 1900 by JH Lewis who ran the company together with John Douglas Lapraik and Henry Percy White.
In Hong Kong, the company moved its headquarters from the Praya, or Connaught Road following the Praya Reclamation Scheme, to Douglas Street, Central.
Indeed, the company's success was apparently seen as a threat to the island's Japanese government and in March of 1899, Governor Kodama Gentarō issued secret orders subsidising Japanese companies to compete with Douglas Steamship Company.
After the loss of the Formosa trade, the company retained its operations in the China and river trade, however it met with financial difficulties by the late 1920s.
With the outbreak of WWII, the company had most of its ships seized by the Ministry of War Transport and with the capture of Hong Kong by the Imperial Japanese Army in December 1941, most of the staff of the DSCo were interred in prison camps in Hong Kong, including Stewart Taylor Williamson.
Stewart Taylor Williamson died suddenly on 5 September 1950, ceding control of the company to James Robertson Mullion who became the new chairman with Robert Ho Tung and John David Alexander serving as directors.
Considering the exposed financial state of the company, Mullion divested of the remaining two ships and focused the business activities of the company in investments.
By the mid 1950s, the company had secured its finances enough to resume its investments in shipping and it acquired three further ships.
By 1969, James Robertson Mullion became the controlling stakeholder of DSCo and he attempted to introduce several structural changes to the business, however, by 1972, the company was running large losses and Mullion was forced to inject $1.3 Million HKD of his own money into the company to keep it solvent.
This move was eventually unsuccessful and by 21 July 1976, the company's board voted to enter liquidation and wind up the company.
She had her primary education at Doldol Primary School and then proceeded to Doldol Secondary School and there, she had her secondary education.
From there she worked as Programme Officer for World Vision until 2004 when she left to work at the Electoral Commission of Kenya as the Deputy Coordinator of Laikipia County.
Before her nomination as member of parliament to Kenya's National Assembly in 2013, she served as the Community Development Officer for Ol Pejeta Conservancy.
She is known to have had a physical battle with the former Laikipia North Member of Parliament, Mathew Lempurkel after her nomination.
Allen M. Davey (May 15, 1894 – March 5, 1946) was an Academy Award–winning American cinematographer who had a long career in Hollywood, starting in the silent era and going through the mid-1940s.
His mother died when he was young, and the family later moved to Los Angeles, where Allen's sister Mary married director David Horsley.
It was formed in March 2017 as decided by the Cabinet in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015, recommended by the Local Bodies Restructuring Commission (LBRC).
It has Kalikot District in the East, Budhiganga Municipality in the West, Badimalika Municipality in the North and Accham District in the South.
Previous 3 VDCs named Kailashmandau, Tolidewal and Chhatara have been merged and formed Triveni Municipality which has Martadi as district headquarter.
It is separated by Budhi Ganga River following from higher himalayan region which later joins the Malagada river which is the point from where the Triveni Municipality starts.
It has Kalikot District in the East, Budhiganga Municipality in the West, Badimalika Municipality in the North and Accham District in the South.
The agricultural production is not enough to earn a living throughout the year, the youth and elderly people go to India and remittance is the major source of income of people.
Chaitalo and Aanantya are the locally celebrated festivals in the form of deuda by men and women where they express their love, joy and sorrows in the form of song.
Bhuwo is another traditional dance played by the elderly and young boys using Talwar putting on old traditional clothes forming a circle.
Badimalika Temple where thousands of pilgrimage visit this temple during Janai Purnima from all over Nepal and India in the belief that their wishes will be fulfilled is also located here.
There is huge crowd of people especially on the day of Janai Purnima, pilgrim who visited Badimalika return home paying visit to this temple as this temple is considered to be the elder sister of Malika Devi (Badimalika Temple).
This has been made possible by RAP 3 (Rural Access Program funded by UKAid through the UK's Department for International Development (DFID).
The small health center in Municipality are without qualified doctors and are run by Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Community Health Workers (CHWs) and Health Assistant (HA).
Now with the establishment of IME(Online money transfer service) at Bamka and branch of Nepal Bank Limited at Tolidewal where the municipality office is located, it has become convenient for people of this municipality for making banking transactions.
Communication used to be a major problem until few year back but with the extension of Tower of Telecommunication Service providers such as Nepal Telecom, Ncell and SKY communication has become easier.
Thomas A. Hanna (October 2, 1926 – April 26, 2019) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 130th district from 1973 to 1984.
The album was initially released by Coleman via his own Mister B.s Records label in 1986 and re-released in 1987 by Ichiban Records label to positive critical reviews.
From 2001 to 2005, she acted in several theaters in Germany, where she notably played classical leading roles such as Elisabeth in Shakespeare's Richard III.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The XIII fought to annihilation in the Second Battle of El Alamein and by 5 November 1942 had ceased to exist.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
The flag of Poznań is a rectangular piece of white material with the coat of arms of the city placed in the middle.
On the left (heraldic) tower stands Saint Peter with a key and on the heraldic right one stands Saint Paul with a sword.
Over the middle tower, which contains a single window and is topped by a battlement, there is a gothic shield with a white eagle in crown.
The 2020 season will be Liam Sheedy's second year in charge since returning as manager of the Tipperary senior hurling team, having been previously in charge from 2008 to 2010.
The team will be sponsored by world leading CEO advisory firm Teneo for the second year in a deal worth up to €180,000 a year on a rolling 12-month contract.
On 13 December 2019, Eoin Kelly was added as a selector on the team having been a free-taking coach in 2019.
Also former manager Eamon O'Shea will be taking up the role of Performance Director having been part of the backroom team in 2019.
Tipperary opened their season on 15 December with a one point defeat to Clare in the opening group game of the 2020 Munster Senior Hurling League at MacDonagh Park.
Tipperary started their league campaign on 25 January with an evening match against Limerick in Semple Stadium, the game was televised live by Eir Sport.
Tipperary began the match with 8 of the All Ireland winning fifteen, but lost the game by 0-18 to 2-14 after having a nine point lead at half-time 0-13 to 0-4 and then a ten point lead early in the second half.
The draw of the pools for the Preliminary Round was held in Kirishi, Russia, before the 2018 Super Cup, on 9 october 2018.
The allocation of the Final 4 in Sabadell and the draw of the semifinals were announced by LEN on 13 March 2019.
It is started on 31 October 2019 and it is schedule to end with the Final 4 on 24 and 25 April 2020.
The draw was held in Volos (Greece) on 8 September 2019, during the 2019 Women's LEN European Junior Water Polo Championship.
The draw for the quarterfinals took place on 2 December 2019 at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland, before the 2019 European Short Course Swimming Championships.
A legally-interesting variant is the Origin 12 SBV, a short-barrel variant fitted with an arm-brace; because it is not designed to be shouldered it is legally not a shotgun, and being a smoothbore it is legally not a handgun, and because it fires a shotgun shell it is legally not a Destructive Device.
The ATF reclassified this weapon as an SBS on 12/19/19, requiring a tax stamp to be purchased for the SBV model.
He was elected from the Minuwangoda electorate from the United National Party to the House of Representatives defeating M. P. de Zoysa Siriwardena in the 1977 general elections.
He was elected from the Gampaha District from the United National Party to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in the 1989 general elections and served as Deputy Minister of Justice.
He has taken three championship titles in the series, two in the GTC2 Class (2017, 2018) and one in the GTC Class (2019).
Yvon Le Maho (born 7 September 1947 in Goderville) is a French ecophysiologist and research director at the CNRS at the University of Strasbourg.
He was elected correspondant of the French Academy of sciences on 22 March 1993, then member (in the Integrative Biology section) on 28 October 1996.
He was involved in the Grenelle de l'environnement and drafted a report on GMO maize in which he clearly expressed his opposition to GMOs, drawing in particular on the work of Gilles-Éric Séralini and Corinne Lepage of the CRII-GEN foundation.
Edward H. Lehner (born March 6, 1933) is an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 73rd district from 1973 to 1980.
Bernard Malissen's work focused mainly on describing the genetic recombination mechanisms that allow the synthesis of T-cell receptors (TCR) - the surface receptor that triggers cell differentiation of the T-cell that carries it and contributes to the body's defences against infectious agents or tumours - and on studying their three-dimensional structure.
In the 1980s, he also developed gene transfer approaches to reconstruct the TCR multi-molecular complex from scratch to study how it induces T lymphocyte activation, and then his team developed transgenic mouse models to study T cell development and function in their physiological context.
Using functional genomics tools, Bernard Malissen was able to describe the different types of dendritic cells - which are responsible for capturing and presenting T cell antigens particularly effectively - present in tissues such as skin and how they perform sentinel functions.
Twenty teams will compete in the tournament, twelve returning from the 2019 season, four promoted from the 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C (Confiança, Juventude, Náutico and Sampaio Corrêa), and four relegated from the 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Avaí, Chapecoense, Cruzeiro and CSA).
Since 28 November 1893, it has connected in La Chaux-de-Fonds at a common station with the also metre-gauge Saignelégier–La Chaux-de-Fonds railway (SC), which since 1 January 1944 has been part of the Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ).
The line leaves La Chaux-de-Fonds station (at 994 metres above sea level) on a steep gradient of 4.0 percent and reaches its high point of 1120 metres after passing through a tunnel in Reymond.
At the foot of a spur that it has just crossed, the line runs in an almost straight line to La Sagne and from there with a descent of only 1.6 percent to Les Ponts-de-Martel, including a short climb of 1.0 percent.
The continuation to Convers was opened by the same company on 27 November 1859 and provided a connection to Neuchâtel until mid-1860, while the line to Biel/Bienne was opened by the Jura bernois (JB) in mid-1874.
On 17 December 1888, the Jura–Bern–Luzern (JBL) company opened the direct line from Biel to La Chaux-de-Fonds through the Crosettes tunnel and the Renan–Le Convers connection was closed in 1895.
Wrestling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Angeles University Foundation Sports and Cultural Center, Angeles in the Philippines, from 9 to 10 December 2019.
Armando Molina, was a Mexican concert promoter, musician and rock music impresario best remembered for being the music coordinator of the Avandaro Festival in 1971.
A piano child prodigy, he debuted at 8 years old playing Albéniz and others at the prestigious Sala Chopin and at 14 he switched his attention from piano to rock music after listening to the early rock and roll bands from Latin America such as Jopis and Teen Tops.
It was at this point that he had to choose between becoming a professional soccer player or continue as a full-time professional musician/impresario.
As both acts refused to be involved in the show, Promotora Go requested Molina to book his own bands from ArTe.
Molina was formally appointed as Music Coordinator and in compensation, he was entitled to keep all royalties from the projected Soundtrack that was going to be produced by Polydor Records as they were appointed to capture all audio from the festival.
In the aftermath of the Festival, conservative sectors of society, the mainstream media -with few exceptions- as well as the Government severely attacked it.
Rock music enthusiasts, specialized press around the world and La Onda intellectuals such as Parménides García, father Enrique Marroquin and TV personality Jacobo Zabludovsky vehemently defended it.
Although Molina felt satisfied with the festival, its organization was not well received by the press and writers like his friend Jose Agustin.
Molina believed that the Avandaro audio tapes were lost for decades, although the filmmaker Alfredo Gurrola kept a copy of the audio tapes as he used them in his 1972 film.
The audio tapes were given to Gurrola by Cablevision executive Luis Gutierrez y Prieto after Polydor Records dropped the Soundtrack project in 1972 due to the Government backlash against the festival.
In 2014 Molina sold all his assets in Mexico City to settle again in Hermosillo, to be close to his family, resuming his radio and columnist activities.
After many years of successfully battling cancer, on November 22, 2019 at 4am he passed away of respiratory arrest due to complications of a thrombosis in one of his legs.
Right after his death, the president of the Mexican Senate Marti Batres gave his sympathies to Molina's family members via Twitter and made the announcement about the official recognition that the Senate would give to the Avandaro Festival and Molina.
On November 25, 2019 the Mexican Senate honored the memory of Molina and issued an official recognition to different bands and musicians who took part on the festival, effectively putting an end to 48 years of Government censorship to Avandaro.
In the first half of the 20th century Harold Meyer Phillips was one of the leading organizers of American chess life.
He was the organizer and director of the great New York Tournament (1924), President of the Manhattan Chess Club in the 1930s, President of the Marshall Chess Club, President of the Intercollegiate Chess League.
Adele Kern real name Adele Kern-Klein (25 November 1901 – 6 May 1980) was a German operatic and operetta coloratura soprano.
From 1927 to 1935 she sang at the Salzburg Festival as well as at the state operas of Vienna, Berlin and Munich.
The pupil followed the path and roles of her teacher - both at the opera houses of Munich and Vienna and as Ännchen and Zerbinetta.
She was the first coloratura soprano to move to the Städtische Opernhaus in Frankfurt, where she had a contract until 1928.
The two created a new, production-oriented musical theatre in Frankfurt and took care of the musical and dramatic development of the young singer.
Kern was to be regarded as a Clemens Krauss singer for many years (and she later worked at the state operas of Vienna, Berlin and Munich during his time as director).
This performance was conducted by Clemens Krauss, who had taken over the direction of the Staatsoper in 1929, and staged by Lothar Wallerstein, who had accompanied Krauss from Frankfurt to Vienna.
However, Wallerstein had to emigrate in 1938 due to Nazi racial laws and finally continued his career at the New York Metropolitan Opera.
In 1929 she returned to Salzburg - as Zerlina and Sophie - and was then engaged by the Salzburg Festival until 1935.
She gave guest performances at the Milan Scala and at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, in Paris, Venice and Rio de Janeiro.
Like Julius Patzak and Viorica Ursuleac, Kern followed the conductor and director Clemens Krauss first to the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin in 1935 and then to the Bayerische Staatsoper in Munich in 1937.
There, in her hometown, the artist achieved extraordinary popularity due to her razor-sharp coloratura, the silvery tone of her voice and the unusual brilliance of her performance.
Despite that high rate of attrition, however, new African-American newspapers continued to be established in Indiana throughout the 20th century, a trend which has continued in the 21st.
The following list contains some newspapers published only on an irregular or sporadic basis, or for which no information on frequency is available.
Many of these shorter-lived newspapers, particularly in the 19th century, were political broadsheets produced only in connection with a specific election.
Northern Indiana is the northern third of the state, home to the vast industrial complexes of the Calumet Region as well as small cities further east such as South Bend, Fort Wayne and Logansport.
Central Indiana takes up the central third of the state, including the state capital Indianapolis as well as numerous small cities including Anderson, Muncie and Terre Haute.
Southern Indiana makes up the southern third of the state, and is home to the Indiana's third-largest city Evansville, as well as smaller cities along the Ohio River.
is an ongoing series of protests in Ukraine against the policy of the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky in eastern Ukraine.
On 1 October 2019, the Russian media announced that the Ukrainian delegation had signed the Steinmeier Formula at the regular meeting of the Tripartite Contact Group.
At the briefing, Volodymyr Zelensky stated that Ukraine had agreed to the so-called Steinmeier Formula which entails holding elections in the occupied Donbass, housing troops fromDonetsk and Lugansk regions, and holding elections there.
She did her doctoral research in atomic physics at the Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intense under the direction of Rémy Jost.
It has grey-brown coloured and longitudinally stringy bark and angular yellow-brown to purplish brown branchlets that are lightly haired when young but later become glabrous.
The coriaceous and evergreen phyllodes have a linear shape and are straight to slightly curved with a length of and a width of .
The phyllodes taper to a point and are inconspicuously multistriate with a barely discernible midnerve and eight to ten minor nerves per millimetre.
It is endemic to south western parts of Queensland on and around the Grey Range where it is often situated on lateritic scarps and ridge-tops growing in rocky soils as a part of savannah, heath or open woodland communities.
The distribution is quite fragmented with outlying populations found in the Gregory South and Warrego districts and near the border with New South Wales.
A few private individuals in Amsterdam founded the Vereniging before the auction was completed and managed to help keep a large number of major drawings from the collection in the Netherlands.
Its initial aims were to fund the conservation of Dutch artworks already in the Netherlands and buying back ones from abroad, though it is no longer limited to works by Rembrandt, and other 17th century Dutch Golden Age painters.
Its current aims include helping to acquire works for public collections in the Netherlands and/or supporting acquisitions by Dutch galleries and museums.
Initially the Vereniging only loaned the funds, to be repaid later by the state or by the museum or gallery itself, but later donations were given to purchase works both in the Netherlands and overseas, both Dutch and non-Dutch works.
It began with 250 members, rising to 300 by 1907, 900 by 1983, over 12,650 by the end of 2015 and around 15,700 members by the end of 2018.
Its other income streams include donations, bequests, returns on its investments and since 1960 an annual contribution from the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds.
It was built to serve as home of Colonel William T. Roberts (1858-1932) and his family, who had been Mayor of Douglasville, state representative for the county, and county solicitor.
In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson appointed him to serve as attorney with the new Federal Trade Commission, and he moved to Washington, D.C.
Member of the French Academy of sciences (2004) and the Academy of Agriculture (2004), he was awarded the Lauriers d'excellence de INRA (2006).
First, by generating haploid individuals, either by in vitro culture of immature pollen, in tobacco and asparagus, or by selecting fertilization anomalies that eliminate one of the parental genomes.
This work has led to the clarification of sex determinism in asparagus, a dioecious species, and has provided the method for obtaining fully male F1 hybrid varieties, which have since been widely developed.
He developed a genetics of cytoplasmic organelles in higher plants by protoplast fusion, revealing the existence of almost systematic recombinations between mitochondrial genomes and the exchange of chloroplasts between the parents of these fusions.
The discovery of the gene responsible for male sterility, its transfer to Brassica by fusion of protoplasts, and the selection of mitochondrial recombinants with improved agronomic characteristics have enabled this male sterility to be widely distributed and exploited in Europe and North America for the production of hybrid varieties in rapeseed and various cabbage.
On a global scale, the method has been widely used as one of the major tools for functional analysis of the genome of A. thaliana, a plant model of plant genomics.
The 2019–20 Junior ABA League is the third season of the Junior ABA League with twelve men's under-19 teams from Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and North Macedonia.
Twelve under-19 teams are participating at the 2019–20 Junior ABA League season and they are divided into two groups in the first stage.
Twelve participating teams Budućnost VOLI, Cedevita Olimpija, Cibona, Crvena zvezda mts, Igokea, Koper Primorska, Krka, Mega Bemax, Mornar, MZT Skopje Aerodrom, Partizan NIS and Zadar were divided into two first stage groups.
Flight Lieutenant Maurice Hewlett Mounsdon (11 February 1918 – 6 December 2019) was a British pilot who flew with the Royal Air Force during World War II.
He shot down or damaged about seven German aircraft before he was shot down by German fighters over Colchester on 31 August 1940.
He survived but was badly burned and so spent nine months in hospitals including Black Notley and the Queen Victoria Hospital – famous for its specialist work on burns and the Guinea Pig Club.
When the war ended, he was posted to 8303 Disarmament Wing, searching Germany for advanced weaponry such as jets and rockets.
The couple moved to the Spanish island of Menorca in the late 1970s and lived there until she died in 1993.
In September 2018, for Mousdon's 100th birthday, the Red Arrows paid tribute to him with a flypast off the coast of Menorca.
Mounsdon died on 6 December 2019 at the age of 101, at the nursing home where he lived on the island of Menorca.
On November 1, 2009, Morimoto was appointed as the leader of a newly formed temporary Johnny's Jr. unit, Snow Prince, consisting of 11 members.
Alongside with SixTONES, Morimoto co-starred in a few stage shows, such as the long historic Shounentachi, for every year since 2015–2019 with another Johnny's Jr. group Snow Man.
It is estimated to be 160 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy and has a diameter of about 65,000 light-years.
José María de Miguel Gil (born 1950) is a Spanish politician and former President of La Rioja between 1983 and 1987.
Joaquín Espert Pérez-Caballero (born 11 September 1938) is a Spanish politician and former President of La Rioja between 1987 and 1990.
The altar in the church is shaped like a podium, raised a few steps above the rest of the church room.
Other items in the church include a dove created by Nina Sundbye, and a large blanket made by local school children hangs over the entrance hall inside the church.
The blanket shows the red thread over a thousand years from the ancient Moster Church to the new church at Romsås.
The church organ has 13 voices and was delivered by organ builder Ryde & Berg in Fredrikstad in the year 2000.
Moving ground under the church has unfortunately caused the walls to slip out, the floor has begun to sink and there are cracks between the floor and the walls.
In mathematics, the incomplete Bessel functions are types of special functions which act as a type of extension from the complete-type of Bessel functions.
we can further simplify to formula_50 and formula_51 , but the issue is not quite good since the convergence range will reduce greatly to formula_52.
Anderson finished fourth at the 1931 Western Chess Association Championship in Tulsa and won the St. Louis championship in 1932 with 8½ from 9, before disappearing from the chess world at the age of 26.
The discography of American rapper and producer JPEGMafia consists of three studio albums, seven mixtapes, two video albums and nine singles.
JPEGMafia began his music career under the stage name Devon Hendryx, releasing seven mixtapes in total, as well as two video albums.
A part of the Ridge-and-Valley region of the Appalachian Mountains, Cove Mountain is a syncline that is located near the borough of Duncannon, and is approximately north of the state capital of Harrisburg.
A portion of the mountain was purchased by the Pennsylvania chapter of the Nature Conservancy in 2017, and is operated as a nature preserve that is open to the public.
In 1969 Duru was born in Cameroon to Nigerian parents who hail from Imo State a south eastern geographical location of Nigeria.
Duru’s feature in the movie did not do enough for his career as at the time he was still regarded as an up and coming actor.
Duru has worked extensively with local and foreign non governmental organizations (NGOs) in order to ensure that African Children have a better education and a higher standard of living.
Originally designed as a commerce raider, she notably served in the Mediterranean during the tense era before the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878, and took part in the Tonkin campaign and the Sino-French War.
The other was the introduction of a new generation of steam-powered frigates, such as , which brought new capabilities for long-range missions.
She was part of the Northern Squadron from 1870, and took part in the blockade of Germany during the Franco-Prussian War.
In January 1871, she sailed to Halifax for a mission to secure fishing activities off Newfoundland, making a port call in New York from March to April 1871.
In June 1883, she was appointed to the Tonkin division and sailed to the Far East by way of Algiers, Port Saïd and Suez, where she twice ran aground.
After a refit in Saigon and a trip to France in 1884, she returned to the Far East and took part in the Pescadores campaign.
It is estimated to be 572 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy and has a diameter of approximately 80,000 light-years.
Viele joined the Los Angeles Dodgers organization in 2017, serving as the hitting coach for the Ogden Raptors in the Pioneer League.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. E. S. Gladys Morgan, wife of resident MARCOM auditor; and launched on 26 August 1944.
On 22 May 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York.
Oceansat is a series of earth observation satellites built, launched, and operated by Indian Space Research Organisation, and dedicated to oceanography and atmospheric studies.
It was capable of detecting eight spectrums ranging from 400 nm to 885 nm, all in the visible or near infrared spectrums.
Although initially launched with a lifespan of 5 years, Oceansat-1 completed its mission on August 8, 2010 after serving for 11 years and 2 months.
Oceansat-2 is designed to provide service continuity for operational users of the Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) instrument on Oceansat-1 and enhance the potential of applications in other areas.
Expected to be launched in 2020, Oceansat-3 will provide continuity to operators of OCM and enchanced ability in other applications by way of simultaneous Sea Surface Temperature (SST) measurements.
The Ghana Tourism Authority is a Ghanaian state agency under the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts responsible for the regulation of tourism in Ghana by marketing, promoting, licensing, classifying, researching and developing tourism facilities and services in the country.
The act also makes the agency a fully fledged income generating authority by establishing a fund to which every tourism business is required to contribute one percent (1%) of its revenue for tourism development.
Ramez Al-Khayyat is a Qatari businessman and the Vice Chairman and Group CEO of the Power International Holding (PIH), one of the largest group in Qatar which operates in the Holding Companies sector.
The company comprises a portfolio of businesses in five key sectors in Qatar including retail and hospitality, design and construction, real estate and groups such as UrbaCon Trading & Contracting, ASSETS, Baladna and Aura Entertainment.
In 2016, Al-Khayyat received the Retail Leadership Award for the success of the Mall of Qatar Project at the Asia Retail Congress Awards 2016.
Ramez Al-Khayyat first started his career as a Board Member of Al-Khyyat Contracting and Trading, a family business established by his father Mohamad Raglan Al-Kayyatin in 1983.
UCC is a major construction company in Qatar and has undertaken several large and complex projects such as: the Souq Waqif Carpark, the Banana Island resort, Mall of Qatar and Lekhwiya Sports Complex.
In July 2019 United Development Company (UDC) has awarded marine works at Gewan Island to UrbaCon Trading & Contracting Company and Promar Marine Contracting Company.
Gewan Island project extends the Pearl Qatar and will span across 400,000sqm and will include a golf course and an air-conditioned outdoor Crystal Walkway.
Al-Khayyat is also a Board Member of Baladna Food Industries, Qatar’s largest dairy and beverage producer providing 95% of the country's dairy consumption.
Baladna rose to its prominence during the Qatar Diplomatic Crisis when the company airlifted cows from different parts of the world into the country to bypass the Saudi blockade.
The South Siberian Mountains are located in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of Russia, as well as partly in Mongolia.
To the north the South Siberian Mountains merge with the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau, both on the Russian side.
To the southeast the Baikal Range is separated from the Eastern Sayan by the Baikal Rift Zone and the Tunkin Depression.
Some of the main rivers of Siberia have their origin in the South Siberian mountain system, such as the Lena, Irtysh, the Yenisei and the Ob River.
William Morris (1834-1898), a founder of the British Arts and Crafts movement, sought to restore the prestige and methods of hand-made crafts, including textiles, in opposition to the 19th century tendency toward factory-produced textiles.
With this goal in mind, he created his own workshop and designed dozens of patterns for hand-produced woven and printed cloth, upholstery, and other textiles.
and were for embroideries, expressing his interest in medieval arts and crafts, particularly the medieeval wall hangings that he admired as a child.
His first embroidery designs were primitive, but later, working with his wife Jane, he created a set of wall hangings for his residence in the London suburbs, Red House.
One of his designs in this historical style, stitched by Jane Morris, won the Morris company an award in an international competition in 1862.
Morris and his workshop began making embroideries for the households of his friends as well as larger panels for some of the many new churches being constructed in England.
In these designs, Morris created the decorative elements, while his friend Edward Burne-Jones drew the figures, and a team of embroiderers manufactured the work by hand.
Other wall hangings were designed to be sold off the shelf of the new Morris and Company shop on Oxford Street which owned in 1877.
IN 1877, he brought a skilled French silk weaver, Jacques Bazin, from Lyon to London, rented a studio at Great Esmond Yard, and established Bazin and his mechanical Jacquard loom there to make woven wooden fabrics.
The workshops were next to the Wardle River, providing a source of abundant clean water, and also had a grassy meadow where dyed clothes could be dried in the open air.
Morris made his first experiments with printed textiles for his company Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Co. beginning in 1868, at about the same time he was starting to make printed wallpaper (see William Morris wallpaper designs).
These first textiles were recreations of earlier designs he had made from the 1830s, and were printed for Morris by the workshop of Thomas Clarkson of Bannister Hall, in Lancaster.
He blamed the problem on the artificial dyes, and began doing research into the natural dyes which had been used in the 16th century.
Morris moved with his family to Turham Green in 1872, which created greater space in his house at Queen Square in London where Morris had his workshop.
Morris and his assistant John Smith made a series of experiments with indigo and other natural dyes, but were unable to attain colours that satisfied Morris.
In 1875, Morris tried working with a commercia printer, Wardle and Company, using wood blocks with a reduced number of colours and modern chemical dyes, This time he was dissatisfied with the lack of quality control by the workers, and the uneven results.
For printed textiles, the design was traced onto a block of pear wood, and then the wood was sculpted so only the desired surface would touch the fabric.
One block was used for each colour of the final fabric, The block was inked by placing into a vat of colorant, and then carefully placed onto the fabric on the table in front of the craftsman.
He pounded it with a mallet to impress the colour, then he lifted the block carefully, moved the fabric, re-inked the block, and printed the next section with the same colour.
If more than one colour was used, once the fabric was dry, a block with the next colour would be inked and carefully impressed over the image left by the first.
Since fifteen or more colours might be used, It was an extremely laborious and long process, sometimes lasting several weeks, and the cost was higher than that of mechanical printing methods.
Morris wrote that making tapestries was 'the noblest of all the weaving arts', and most suitable for his interest in reviving medieval arts and crafts.
He set up his first tapestry loom in 1877, and made completed his first tapestry, was 'Acanthus and Vine' in (1879).
He wove the tapestry himself, often getting up at dawn to work on a loom in his bedroom at Kelmscott House.
Once he had mastered the technique, he created a full-time tapestry workshop at the Morris and Company house on Queen Square.
For most of his tapestries, Morris worked with other artists, particularly Edward Burne-Jones, who designed the figures, Philip Webb, who designed birds and animals, and with his primary assistant and successor as chief designer, John Henry Dearle.
A photographic image was made of he design with figures, to which Morris or Dearle added a floral background, and a border equally filled with designs of trees and flowers.
The full scale image was transferred onto cloth by rubbing with a piece of ivory, and then woven on a loom.
Large-scale tapestries were made in this way at Merton, mostly by the employment of boys ages thirteen and fourteen, who received shelter, board and a daily wage.
The most famous tapestries made by Burns-Jones and Morris were Holy Grail tapestries made for William Knox D'Arcy in 1890 for his dining room at Stanmore Hall Additional versions of the tapestries with minor variations were woven on commission by Morris & Co. over the next decade.
In March, 1875, Morris became the sole owner of what became William Morris Company, buying out the shares of his partners.
He decided to diverify the products by adding carpets, a market that was almost totally dominated by original or imitation oriental carpets.
Within three months, he had registered his first design for the Cataline floor cloth, a decorative covering for linoleum floors, a material which had been invented in 1855.
His aim, he declared, was to make England independent of the Orient for the provision of hand-make carpets which aspire to the status of art.
He hired a labor force of young women to work on looms he set up in the former stables and garage of his London residence.
In the 1880s, in addition to the Hammersmith carpets, Morris created series of designs for machine-made Axminster and Kidderminister carpets, made at he Wilton factory or at Heckmondwike Manufacturing company in Yorkshire.
Many of the carpets he designed used the patterns he had invented for printed fabrics, but others, particularly the Hammersmith carpets, resembled the designs he made for his woven textiles.
The designs he made for Axminister and Wilton carpets were less lavish in their ornament and more geometrical, to make them more affordable.
In 1881 he moved the workshop to Merton Abbey, where there was space to weave much larger carpets commissioned by his clients.
His designs for these large Hammersmith carpets moved farther away from the Oriental influence, and took on a more specifically English style.
One particularly notable design was the Bullerswood carpet, was made in 1889 for the wool trader John Sanderson, who had a country residence called Bullerswood in Chislehurst, Kent.
Morris explained his ideas about textile designs in a group of essays by members of the Arts and Crafts movement published in 1893.
Depth of tone, richness of colour, and exquisite gradation of tints are easily to be obtained in Tapestry; and it also demands that crispness and abundance of beautiful detail which was the especial characteristic of fully developed Medieval Art.
William Morris died on October 3,1896, but the Morris & Co. continued to design and produce textiles he had designed or planned, under the supervision of his chief assistant and Art Director John Henry Dearle.
The firm was finally dissolved in 1940, but his designs continue to be produced and marketed by other textile firms, including Sanderson and Sons, part of the Walker Greenbank wallpaper and fabrics business, which now owns the.
The I-ME-WE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) submarine communications cable system was funded by a consortium of 9 companies from across the world including Ogero..
On 5 November, during the 2019 Lebanese protests, protesters in Nabatieh, shut down Ogero office despite state-exerted political pressure towards the protesters in this region.
The Academy, whose primary objective was to preserve and protect the Persian language, in particular used the journal for publishing Persian equivalents to replace certain foreign words.
In 2004, he ran for election to the Minnesota House of Representatives on the Independence Party of Minnesota ticket and lost the election.
The next day, they discover alcohol sales are banned until January 2nd, upsetting the townspeople since they must endure their families while sober.
She asks Randy (who has now grown a white beard) to resume selling marijuana to the citizens, despite the marijuana season being over.
Santa is upset that people continue to drive under the influence, now due to drugs, and marijuana sales are subsequently banned until after the holidays.
In order to return the Christmas Snow to South Park, Jesus levitates it into the air, causing it to snow cocaine over South Park.
2019) was a class action lawsuit filed in 2016 against the Democratic National Committee and Debbie Wasserman-Schultz, for alleged improprieties in the 2016 Democratic Primary.
The judge found that none of the plaintiffs had claimed to have donated to the DNC on the basis of promises contained in the DNC charter, and therefore the plaintiffs could not claim to have incurred damages.
Alain Prochiantz (born December 17, 1948 in Paris) is a neurobiology researcher and professor at the Collège de France, of which he became director from 2015 to 2019.
After a science thesis obtained in 1976 in the field of genetic translation, he turned towards neurobiology by working with Jacques Glowinski and became a research fellow (1978-1981) and then research director (1982-2007) at the CNRS.
He has also been a member of the French Academy of sciences since 18 November 2003 and Chairman of the Research Committee of the Foundation for Medical Research (FRM).
Alain Prochiantz is also the author of numerous scientific articles and books on the brain; he participates in scientific theatre productions with his friend Jean-François Peyret.
Together, they are collaborating on the writing of the play Ex vivo / In vitro, premiered at the Théâtre de la Colline in November 2011.
Alain Prochiantz has been working since the early 1980s in the field of molecular neurobiology, particularly on the processes of morphogenesis and nerve cell differentiation.
He did his first major work at the Collège de France with Jacques Glowinski on the development and in vitro maturation of dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalon.
His laboratory having moved to the École normale supérieure, he then became interested in the molecular signals responsible for certain neuronal morphogenesis processes and, in 1991, highlighted in particular the role of homeoboxes of certain transcription factors (but also of different extracellular matrix proteins such as tenascin, glycoaminoglycans...) in these phenomena.
As was then fully accepted in the scientific community, he proposes that cascades of regulation of homeotic genes (of the Hox family) are potentially involved in many stages of neuronal differentiation, neurite growth, neuronal polarity...
However, going against a certain number of knowledge, or even dogmas in the field of molecular biology, he reports that domains of transcription factors, or even whole proteins such as Hox5, can be internalized in a cell and therefore suggests the possible secretion of a given transcription factor by a nerve cell A that can be internalized by a neighbouring cell B and have a biological effect on it.
To clearly demonstrate this, he and his team are interested in the homeoprotein Engrailed of the Hox gene family involved in the morphogenesis of brain structures and demonstrate that it also has an intracellular location in secretion vesicles.
The first key publication supporting this theory was in 1998 with the in vitro demonstration that a large proportion of the nuclear transcription factor Engrailed is effectively secreted in the extracellular medium by Cos cells and recaptured by cocultured neurons acting as a potential intercellular peptide messenger.
These articles were published in good biology journals but not in the forefront because the data were relatively contested by the scientific community.
His team then demonstrated the involvement of Engrailed-1/2 proteins in the development and survival of dopaminergic neurons by using heterozygous mouse models (En1+/-) for them and by proposing a mechanism of action on the transcriptional activation of the Ndufs1 and Ndufs3 subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Alain Prochiantz continues his work in evolutionary developmental genetics and directs his research towards the physiological aspects of his fundamental molecular discoveries, particularly for the understanding of neuronal plasticity and axonal guidance processes.
It was formed in March 2017, when Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015..
The name of this rural municipality is derived after the place called Gaumul which is the origin place of river Budhi Ganga River.
Kupe was aired on BBC Radio 1Xtra, on The Smoothie Shy Show in November 2018 and was nominated for Viewer's Choice at the 3rd edition of TheMVPs Award.
The dance challenge was created by the Ghanaian dance instructor Zigi and it was made public via Instagram after some group of French guys; Teddy Ovo, Habitu Etoi, Jim Seuh and Yoyo went viral with the challenge and are well known as Kupe Boys.
According to BBC, the madness #KupeChallenge has seized netizens of the continent from Dakar to Johannesburg, via Douala to Lagos, the challenge makes the African dance.
In October 2018, it was reported that the Ghanaian actress Juliet Ibrahim and her sisters also joined the ongoing Kupe Dance challenge.
After the song went viral in September 2018, the video gained over 600,000 views on YouTube, between September and October 2018.
Currently the YouTube views has grown to 15 million, after Beyoncé joined the kupe dance challenge on stage at 2018 Global Citizen Festival in South Africa.
He was with Aluminium Manufacturing Company of Nigeria (ALUMCO) PLC as Purchasing Manager and in early 2000 he moved his services to Crown Agents Ltd as Commercial Manager.
Faleke joined active politics in 2003 after Ahmed Bola Tinibu, then governor of Lagos state appointment him first Executive Secretary of newly created Ojodu Local Council Development Area (LCDA) of Lagos state.
In 2011, Faleke won a vote to represent Ikeja Federal Constituency of Lagos state in the Nigeria’s Federal House of Representatives.
In 2015 he ran on a joint ticket as deputy governorship candidate to Abubakar Audu in his home state of Kogi.
They won majority votes cast in the keenly contested election displacing People’s Democratic Party, PDP for the first time in more than a decade with comfortable winning margin.
Their party, the All Progressives Congress, APC then transferred the votes to Yahaya Bello who was first runner up in the party’s primary election.
In 1986, he finished from Kaduna Polytechnic with a Higher National Diploma (HND) in Purchasing and Supply Management with an award of the best student of his class with Upper Credit.
He holds Masters Degree (MBA) in Business Administration with management as the major focus from Imo State university, Owerri in 2003.
He was Material Manager at Kayo Foods Limited, Ilupeju, Lagos before moving to Tate Industries PLC as Purchasing, Clearing, Distribution and Commercial Manager.
Faleke also served as Purchasing manager at Air Liquid PLC, and Aluminium Manufacturing Company of Nigeria (ALUMCO) PLC ending his logistics and management career with Crown Agents Ltd as Commercial Manager in 2003.
Faleke political career started in 2003 with his appointment as pioneer Executive Secretary of Ojudu Local Council Development Area (LCDA) of Lagos State.
He was in this position in interim capacity between November 2003 and April 2004 when he was elected substantive chairman of the local government.
In 2006 he won a vote to become Chairman of Conference 57, the body of Local Government Chairmen in Lagos State until 2011 when his tenure as Ojodu LCDA Chairman ended.
Faleke during this period held assignments on the Lagos State Electoral Reform Committee and the Governor’s Advisory Committee of Lagos State.
He was chairman of the House Committee on Anti-Corruption, National Ethics and Values, and member of house committees on Public Procurement, MDGs, Interior, Public Accounts, Science and Technology, and the House Committee on the Petroleum Subsidy Probe.
He also proposed a number of bills, including the NYSC Act Amendment Bill, which proposed life insurance coverage for NYSC members, a bill prohibiting the sale and use of military uniforms due to the attendant security risks and, still focusing on the nation’s security challenges, he sponsored another motion on the need to shut over 1,400 illegal border routes to curb insurgency.
Audu and Faleke campaigned for votes across the 21 local government areas of the state with populist agenda and promise to improve living standard of the people.
According to  results declared by the Returning Officer, Emmanuel Kucha (Vice-Chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi), Abubakar Audu/James Abiodum Faleke of the All Progressives Congress scored 240,867 while Idris Wada who was the incumbent governor running for a second term on the platform of the People’s Democratic Party, PDP garnered 199,514 votes.
And that the election was inconclusive because the total number of registered voters in 91 polling units, in 18 local government areas, where election was cancelled is 49,953.
After the death of Audu and the declaration of the election inclusive, APC nominated Yahaya Bello who was the first runner up in the APC primary  to inherit the votes received by Audu/Faleke in the general elections asking Faleke to continue in his deputy governor position.
But faleke rejected the move by the APC arguing that collation of results of the election had been concluded and was awaiting official declaration of winner before the sudden death of Audu and that as the only surviving candidate on the joint ticket he should be declared governor elect.
According to the supplementary election results declared by Mr. Kucha, Vice Chancellor, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, the APC garnered 6,885 votes, bringing the total votes it received to 247,752, having polled 240,857 in the November 21 election.
The second runner up, the People’s Democratic Party and its candidate, Idris Wada, who was the incumbent governor, scored 5,363 in the supplementary election.
Faleke went to election petition tribunal challenging the legality of the decision of the APC to make him a deputy to Yahaya Bello who  was not on the ballot on 21 November when major votes in the election were cast.
I, James Abiodun Faleke, will not be there for the swearing-in if we don’t finish the case before the Jan. 27, 2016”.
I am not ready to betray and disappoint Prince Abubakar Audu.” In keeping to this vow, Faleke did not present himself for inauguration as deputy to Yahaya Bello.
She also attended Kenya Methodist University and Mt Kenya University where she acquired a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and a master's degree in Development Studies respectively.
Prior to that she worked as a SACCO Clerk at the Signon Freight Limited, a sales representative at Consolidated Bank and board member of Kenya Literature Bureau (KLB) under the Ministry of Education.
In 2019, she received the Vision Award Ticinomoda on the occasion of the 72nd edition of the Locarno International Film Festival, becoming the first woman to receive the award.
In 1984, she enrolled in the professional branch of the École Nationale Supérieure Louis-Lumière in Paris from which she graduated in 1986.
Her encounter with Chantal Akerman in 1984 marked the beginning of a 31-year collaboration between the filmmaker and the film editor, who have worked together on over 35 projects.
Among them are Luc Decaster, Emilio Pacull, Noëlle Pujol, Andreas Bolm, Emmanuelle Demoris, Elsa Quinette, Christine Seghezzi, Christophe Bisson, Olivier Dury and Éric Baudelaire.
Rudolf Friedrichs (9 March 1892 - 13 June 1947) was a German politician who served as the Minister-President of Saxony in the German Democratic Republic from 1945 to his death.
He then began studying law and economics at Leipzig University until 1919, when his studies were interrupted by World War I.
He joined the SPD in 1922 and worked from 1923 as a government assessor and from 1926 as a government councillor in the Saxon Interior Ministry.
There was tension between Friedrichs and the Communist Politician Kurt Fischer, which escalated in 1947 in the form of an open confrontation.
A study conducted in 1999 by the government of Saxony couldn't confirm nor deny the involvement of Fischer in his death.
Singh was elected as a legislator of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Banikhet in 1990 as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidiate.
Singh was decided to take part in 2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate from Bhattiyat.
Standish Hartstonge (1656–31 May 1704) was an Anglo-Irish lawyer and politician from Kilkenny city, who was MP for Kilkenny City in the Irish House of Commons from 1695 until his death.
He was born in Norfolk, a younger son of the eminent judge Sir Standish Hartstonge, 1st Baronet and his first wife Elizabeth Jermyn.
Through the bishop's influence, Standish was made Recorder of Kilkenny from 1694, and also served as Custos Rotulorum of County Tipperary under his father's patron the Duke of Ormond.
Although his 1704 will and testament states that he was then living in Dublin and requested burial there in St. Audoen's Church, he was in fact interred by his brother in St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny.
He bequeathed his land at Talbot's Inch to his brother John, disinheriting their nephew Sir Standish Hartstonge, 2nd Baronet, whose impulsive teenage marriage to Anne Presteigne had caused a bitter family feud.
It was formed in March 2017, when Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015.
It lies in the northern region of Bajura District and is also considered to be the remote place of this district.
The Charlotte whale is the skeleton of a beluga whale that was found buried in sediment near Charlotte, Vermont in 1849.
Found at the time when knowledge of Earth's natural history was nascent, it proved key evidence for developing a glacial theory of New England.
Some time after, Vermont state geologist Albert David Hager bought the skeleton from Thompson's widow, to reconstruct and present it in Vermont's state natural history collection in 1861.
In 1849, the discovery provoked a controversy, because initially, scientists were unable to account for how a skeleton of a marine mammal ended up buried in sediment 150 or 200 miles () from the nearest ocean shore.
Swiss geologist and biologist Louis Agassiz, who had produced the theory of glaciation and ice ages a decade earlier, based on his investigation of Alpine glaciers, was in Boston at the time and theorized that the same process happened in New England.
According to Howe, the Charlotte whale and the Mount Holly mammoth that had been found the previous year on the same railroad dig, were crucial evidence and motivation to research glaciation in New England.
The whale skeleton was found in the sediments of the Champlain Sea, a prehistoric sea that existed from approximately 12,500 to 10,000 years earlier in the modern-day Champlain Valley that had been formed by the melting glaciers at the close of the last glacial period.
At that time, the area in which the sea was located had been depressed below the sea level by the enormous weight of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Based on the sediment in which it was found, its age has been estimated at 11,000 or 11,500 years, but due to the way the skeleton was first preserved in 1849, it is impossible to use radiocarbon dating to determine the age of the skeleton.
In 2014, the Mount Holly mammoth was designated as the new state fossil, while the designation of the Charlotte whale was changed to being the state marine fossil.
The film stars Micheline Bernard as Denise, a woman rebuilding her life after being divorced by her husband Michel (Julien Poulin) and pushed out of her job with the family company by her son Alex (Pierre-Luc Brillant).
Moving into a new apartment, she is initiated into the world of poker by her new neighbours Éric (Marc Fournier), Paul (Louis Sincennes) and Julie (Christine Beaulieu).
Prathi Poovankozhi () is a 2019 Indian Malayalam language thriller film, directed by Rosshan Andrews and written by Unni R. It Stars Manju Warrier, Rosshan Andrrews and Anusree.Central Pictures releases the filim in theaters.
At the end of the investigation, Madhuri discovers that it was the goon named Antappan (Roshan Andrews) who was mistreating her.
The Original Soundtrack of the film was composed by Gopi Sundar and The lyrics of the songs were written by Anil Panachooran.
Hans Raj (born ) was an Indian youth, in Amritsar, British India, who in June 1919 became an approver for the British government when he gave evidence for the Crown at the Amritsar Conspiracy Case Trial in which he identified his fellow Indian revolutionaries, buying his own freedom in return.
In early 1919, Hans Raj became active in the non-violent disobedience or Satyagraha movement and began to participate in protests against British rule in India.
He was appointed the joint secretary of the Satyagraha organisation in Amritsar and worked to help local Indian leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal, whose arrests and deportation on 10 April 1919 triggered riots.
Having survived that day, he was soon arrested but became an approver for the British, providing evidence which led to the sentencing of Kitchlew and Satyapal to two years imprisonment.
Historians have debated whether he was an agent for the police all along or simply took the opportunity to save his own skin by testifying for the British.
His first job was with the North Western State Railway as a ticket inspector, after which he unsuccessfully tried to join the police force and the Indian Defence Force.
He subsequently took a job as a correspondence clerk for a Municipal Commissioner at Amritsar, became a banker and then a medical and stationary agent, but was frequently found to be unable to hold down employment due to his dishonesty.
In 1917, Hans Raj joined the Home Rule League and was relatively quiet and unknown until early 1919, at the age of 23, when he began to participate in the protests against the Rowlatt Acts, British repressive legislation set to continue specific wartime powers for use against conspiracies and terrorist activities by revolutionaries.
He became the joint secretary of the non-violent disobedience or Satygraha organisation, frequently attended their events and was aware of who had signed its pledge.
On 10 April 1919, the Indian political leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal were summoned to deputy commissioner Miles Irving's home on the orders of Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab.
Satypal and Kitchlew were secretly arrested under the Defence of India Act 1915 and deported to Dharamasala, at the foot of the Himalayas, where they were kept under house arrest.
The incident triggered a petition for their release and subsequent local riots, where a number of both Europeans, including the school teacher Marcella Sherwood, and Indians were injured and killed, and official buildings defaced.
On the evening of 12 April 1919, as a result of the deportations of Kitchlew and Satypal, in addition to the protests over the Rowlatt Acts and the exclusion of Mahatma Gandhi from entering Punjab, Hans Raj arranged a meeting to be held the next day on 13 April at Jallianwala Bagh grounds.
Subsequently, 1 650 rounds of ammunition were fired over ten minutes, in what came to be known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Having survived the massacre, the following day Hans Raj, now in hiding, warned Mahammed that they were both under the threat of arrest should they be found.
Mahammed later recalled that a week later, while he had been arrested and tortured, Hans Raj was being treated favourably at the police station.
Subsequently, trials of Amritsar conspiracy cases began on 9 June 1919 with the aim of proving that the Amritsar troubles were a pre-meditated plan by local Satyagraha leaders, later found to be untrue.
Hans Raj's final statement had included an amended version of the account of the summoning of Satyapal and Kitchlew to Irving's house on 10 April, claiming that the two had told him to seek revenge should the summoning lead to an arrest.
A system long established in British India, an approver such as Hans Raj was a suspect who provided a testimony which identified their associates in return for his own freedom.
Various extents of Hans Raj's involvement with police were also noted by Charles Freer Andrews, M. R. Jayakar, Madan Mohan Malaviya, and historian V. N. Datta who wrote that Hans Raj assisted General Dyer in planning the massacre and expected the shootings on 13 April, going as far as to build a wooden platform designed to provide himself with a hiding place during the shooting.
Phillips represented England at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia finishing 7th and the 1998 IAAF World Cup in Johannesburg, South Africa finishing 8th.
He was the first British athlete to win a gold medal in the men's long jump at the European Under 20 Athletics Championships, winning in Thessaloniki, Greece in 1991.
This represented Britain's first gold medal in the men's long jump at European, World or Olympic level for nearly 25 years, the last being 1964 Olympic gold medallist Lynn Davies winning gold at the 1967 European Indoor Games.
Koko: A Red Dog Story is a 2019 Australian family documentary film directed by Aaron McCann and Dominic Pearce, written by Aaron McCann and Dominic Pearce, and starring Jason Isaacs, Felix Williamson and Sarah Woods.
Sir Henry Ernest Marking (11 March 1920 - 16 May 2002) CVO CBE was a British businessman and a former chairman and chief executive of British European Airways (BEA), which became British Airways.
He was an army officer in the Second World War, being awarded the Military Cross (MC) in 1944 for conduct in the Battle of Anzio in February 1944.
In September 1944 he studied for a year at the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies (MECAS), where he learnt Arabic.
He became involved with the Institute of Transport (now the CILT) as a consultant on aviation law and the Royal Aeronautical Society, where he planned its first air transport course in 1956.
Under his leadership, British Airtours began in 1969 as BEA Airtours, taking its first commercial flight on 6 March 1970 from Gatwick Airport.
Later in 1971 he was involved with the new Airbus A300, as a possible replacement for BEA's main Hawker Siddeley Trident fleet.
On 2 May 1969, the Edwards Committee (led by Sir Ronald Edwards) had been published, which recommended that BEA merged with BOAC, which the government made a decision to proceed with in May 1972; the British Airways Group was formed on 1 September 1972, becoming the fully-fledged British Airways in April 1974.
He left British Airways at the end of August 1977, at the age of 57, having spent 28 years in the airline industry.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A will be the 64th season of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top level of professional football in Brazil, and the 17th edition in a double round-robin since its establishment in 2003.
The next six best-placed teams not qualified for Copa Libertadores will qualify for the Copa Sudamericana and the last four will be relegated to Série B for 2021.
Twenty teams will compete in the league – the top sixteen teams from the previous season, as well as four teams promoted from the Série B.
On 3 June 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York.
Imoinu Iratpa or Emoinu Iratpa or Waakching Taranithoini Paanba is the religious festival of lights dedicated to the Manipuri Goddess Imoinu Ahongbi.
Nicolas Lhernould (born 23 March 1974) is a French-born priest of the Catholic Church who has been appointed Bishop of Constantine, Algeria.
He attended the Lycée Sainte-Marie in Neuilly and made his first trip to Tunisia as part of group of young teachers.
He obtained a licentiate in sociology from the University of Paris-Nanterre in 1995 and a master's degree in econometrics in 1996, and then a degree in social sciences from the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan in 1997.
He completed his theological studies, he obtained, a bachelor's degree in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in 2003 and a licenciate in sciences and patristic theology at the Patristic Institute Augustinianum in 2006, writing a study of the sermons of Fulgentius of Ruspe.
In Tunisia, he was pastor of Sousse, Monastir and Mahdia in the southern part of the country from 2005 to 2012.
The Jonathon Keyes Sr. House, also known incorrectly in town histories as the Solomon Keyes House, is a historic house at 16 Frances Hill Road in Westford, Massachusetts.
The Jonathon Keyes Sr. House is located in a residential setting in eastern Westford, on the east side of Frances Hill Road just north of Hunt Road.
The building's interior follows a typical central-chimney plan, with the entry vestibule that has a narrow winding stair in front of the chimney.
Most of the building's styling is Federal, but construction features such as gunstock posts indicate an earlier (17th or early 18th century) construction date.
For many years, local historians believed this house to be the work of Solomon Keyes (d. 1702), one of Westford's early settlers.
However, its accessible construction elements show no evidence of First Period construction, suggesting it was built by one of his descendants.
It was originally built as a saltbox colonial, but its rear leanto section was raised to a full two stories, most likely in the late 18th century.
Bill 59 is similar to the Accessibility for Manitobans Act (AMA), and further supports the rights of People with Disabilities (PwD) under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The goals of the Act is to prevent and remove barriers for the delivery and receipt of goods and services, information and communication, public transportation and transportation infrastructure, employment, the built environment, education, and a prescribed activity or undertaking.
This Act commits the government of Nova Scotia to develop accessibility standards for goods and services, information and communication, transportation, employment, the built environment and education.
The Wizdish ROVR is a omnidirectional treadmill that simulates walking and running in virtual reality when used alongside a head-mounted display.
This is due to the ROVR providing omnidirectional movement in virtual reality in a manner akin to walking in the real world.
The difference can be described as navigating a website with a mouse instead of cycling through links sequentially using the tab key.
The user slides their feet back and forward on the platform, in a reciprocating motion, to simulate locomotion whilst wearing shoe covers that are designed to reduce friction.
The soles of the shoe covers are coated in ceramic discs that reduce friction between the user's feet and the ROVR.
A contact microphone in the ROVR's platform translates the sound of the user's feet moving into forward movement within virtual reality.
A low level of noise, made by slow or small movements on the platform, becomes slow movement in virtual reality, whilst louder noises increase the speed of movement.
The user moves in whichever direction the head is facing, as the acoustic sensor system can not detect the movement direction of the feet or the orientation of the body.
The concave platform combined with reciprocating movement of the feet minimises vertical movement of a person’s centre of mass and so mimics the best low energy movement of real walking.
It also encourages the user's feet to slip back into the centre of the ROVR, stopping the user from moving off the platform.
This is for user support during orientation and to provide a boundary to stop the user from moving off the platform.
Users quickly become used to the platform's surface, and are able to balance without the help of the bar, their hands being free to use independent controllers such as Oculus Touch, Vive wands, Knuckles and the Xbox One Controller.
By enabling naturally intuitive full physicality of movement in virtual reality the ROVR seeks to solve the problem of virtual reality sickness.
Virtual reality sickness is a type of motion sickness that occurs when movement is seen but not felt when immersed in virtual reality thereby disrupting visual-vestibular matching and proprioception of the body.
The ROVR aims to satisfy the body's need to feel the movement it is experiencing visually by having the user perform a variation of walking in place.
Studies indicate that walking in place increases the sense of presence when using virtual reality as the proprioceptive information in the body resembles the visual stimulus being provided by the head-mounted display.
People do not carry memories of how they move their legs when they walk because locomotion is largely autonomous, being controlled by a Central pattern generator.
The ROVR, therefore, doesn't rely on the exact recreation of how the legs move during ambulation, rather, it aims to provide enough activity in the legs that approximates the sensation of ambulation to 'trick' the users mind into thinking they are walking normally.
Williams, a engineer for the BBC, had been experimenting with the idea of a 'VR treadmill' since 2001 and had applied for a US patent in 2003 which was granted in 2008.
King had links with several UK universities including University College London, Kings College London, and Oxford Brookes University, the latter through a partnership that began when he was a consultant for Siemens.
King and Williams built a prototype version of the ROVR and began selling it in 2012 on the Wizdish website under the name ROVR1.
The ROVR1's containment frame consists of a waist high polymer ring supported by five polymer legs that adjoin a larger ring at the base of the ROVR1.
Between its release in 2012 and 2016 the ROVR1, weighing in at 15kgs, had been actively tested by over 30,000 people.
The containment frame consists of a waist high, stainless steel metal ring supported by two legs that connect to the ROVR2's base.
The gamer's feeling of 'being there' is increased by this freedom of movement as they are able to identify more closely with their in-game avatar.
The act of sliding the feet to navigate virtual spaces provides a novel gaming experience in a similar vein to arcade dance pads.
The ROVR requires the user to be on their feet and mobile and therefore can be used as fitness equipment in a manner similar to regular treadmill and the Wii Balance Board.
The user assumed the role of an 'iron man' figure running through a virtual city, keeping pace with a Juke driving alongside.
In 2015 Wells Fargo started on a 3 year campaign using ROVRs at public events in the USA to promote the Wells Fargo brand.
Mosaic, an event marketing think tank, found that after attending a Wells Fargo event 74% of the participants said they have a more positive opinion about the company, brand, product, or service being promoted.
The study also found 96% of consumers who tell a friend or family member about their experience mention the company or brand running the event.
Wizdish is developing a bluetooth version of the ROVR which aims to provide a wireless virtual reality experience when used in tandem with a wireless head-mounted display.
His death sentence was carried out using the guillotine that had been installed at the , soon after the incorporation of Austria into an expanding German state.
He attended the on the north side of the city, but left early in order to progress to the , a prestigious vocational college which had been estabished during the early years of the twentieth century to train students for graduate-level careers in the important chemicals indistry.
In March 1938 the country was invaded and became part of Nazi Germany, which had been a one-party dictatorship since 1933.
Bizarrely, Nazi Germany was now unexpectedly on the same side as the Soviet Union which invaded Poland from the east sixteen days after the German invasion from the west (which according to mainstream anglophone historiography triggered the war).
For many of those, such as Kämpf, who retained an active commitment to the illegal Communist Party, it was hardly possible to oppose unhesitatingly the alliances entered into by Stalin and the comrades in Moscow.
Kämpf's attitude to the Stalin-Hitler alliance is unclear, but any unease would have been resolved when the Germans changed sides and, in June 1941, invaded the Soviet Union.
A month later, in July 1941, Walter Kämpf switched to work as a paramedic, assigned to a military hospital for Luftwaffe casualities.
It is evident that conscription in 1939 did not mark an end to Walter Kämpf's secret double-life as a resistance activist.
One of the girls had become the girl friend of Glaser or Gläser, and between them they betrayed many members of the resistance group to the authorities, along with various friends and contacts.
In the main trial he had taken the opportunity to declare that he had seen it as his duty to help put an end to the war against the Soviet Union as soon as possible.
He relocated to Chicago, Illinois, in the late 1940s, and commenced performing in the blues clubs across that city from the early 1950s.
McMahon first started playing in Howlin' Wolf's backing band in 1960, and his recording career with Wolf ran between 1964 and 1973.
Faisal Fahd Al-Ketbi (, born 10 May 1987) is a emirate wrestler and grappler who reprezents his native country United Arab Emirates at sport jujitsu (JJIF) and previously in olympic freestyle wrestling.
Around 2010 he switch the sport for sport jujitsu, discipline Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ, Ne-waza) which is very popular in his homecountry United Arab Emirates.
He is also participate at pro level tournaments which many times use title World Championships but are regulated by private sport bodies – UAEJJF and IBJJF.
On 14 May 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York.
She was reallocated to Union Sulphur & Oil Co. Inc., 10 July 1946, 28 March 1947, and 15 August 1947, before being placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Wilmington, North Carolina, 21 September 1947.
The film stars Laury Verdieu as Nydia, a shy, quiet Haitian Canadian student leading a regimented and isolated life, who gains a taste of freedom when she accepts a motorcycle ride from her classmate Jeff (Liridon Rashiti).
The film premiered in the Director's Fortnight at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere in the Short Cuts program at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival.
The company focuses on developing apartment buildings and has had projects in Foggy Bottom, Tenleytown, NoMa, Kalorama, and elsewhere in the Washington DC area.
In 2019, tenants of a building owned by Urban Investment Partners launched a rent strike to protest mold, lead, and other problems with the building.
Elizabeth is Missing is a television drama film directed by Aisling Walsh, adapted by Andrea Gibb from the novel of the same name by Emma Healey.
Maud, a grandmother in her 80s living with Alzheimer's disease, relies on sticky notes to get through the day as her memory slowly deteriorates.
Maud begins to believe something sinister has happened to Elizabeth, but her attempts to raise the alarm are dismissed by those around her.
She is forced to investigate on her own as her memory flashes back to the mystery of another disappearance: that of her elder sister, Sukey, 70 years earlier.
Glenda Jackson, who left acting in 1992 to begin a 23-year career as a Labour Party MP, returned to the stage in 2015.
Jackson grew up in Phoenix, Arizona and attended North Canyon High School, where he played defensive and offensive line on the school's football team and also was a member of the basketball and track and field teams.
Jackson was rated a five-star recruit and the best collegiate prospect in Arizona as a senior and committed to play college football at the University of Southern California over offers from Washington and Arizona State.
Jackson played in all 14 of the Trojans games as a true freshman, appearing as a reserve offensive lineman and playing special teams on the field goal unit.
Jackson missed part of the summer practices going into his junior season due having surgery to donate bone marrow to his sister, who suffers from Diamond–Blackfan anemia.
He returned to practice in early August and worked his way back to playing shape in time to begin the season as the Trojans starting left tackle.
Jackson was named the Pac-12 Conference Offensive Lineman of the Week for Week 2 after his performance in a 45-20 win over #23 Stanford on September 7, 2019.
These juntas aimed to defend against the French invasion and fill the power vacuum, refusing to recognize José I Bonaparte as their legitimate king.
In September 1808 the local and provincial juntas ceded their power to the Supreme Central Government Junta of the Kingdom, which led the war against the French and was recnigzed as the legitimate government of Spain by the United Kingdom and other anti-napoleonic countries.
The Supreme Junta summoned an extraordinary meeting of the Cortes, a revolutionary act, since the right to call for a meeting of the Cortes was exclusive to the crown.
After an intense debate in the Supreme Junta it was decided that the Cortes would be unicameral, elected by census suffrage (only those with a certain level of income could vote) and indirect.
Egon Scotland (7 October 1948 – 26 July 1991) was a German journalist, who was killed while covering the Yugoslav Wars.
In 2015 Dragan Vasiljkovic, a dual citizen of Serbia and Australia was extradited from Perth to Croatia, where in 2017 he was found guilty of war crimes, including the death of Scotland, and sentenced to 15 years of jail.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mary Caldwell, wife of then Florida Governor-elect, Millard Caldwell, and launched on 15 September 1944.
On 17 May 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York.
The 2020 K League 2 is the eighth season of the K League 2, the second-tier South Korean professional league for association football clubs since its establishment in 2013, and the third one with its current name, the K League 2.
The top-ranked team and the winners of the promotion play-offs among three clubs ranked between second and fourth will get promoted to the 2021 K League 1.
Asan Mugunghwa changed name to Chungnam Asan ahead for 2020 season after the club dissolved in 2019 season, Daejeon Citizen and Hana Financial Group Football Club Foundation bought operating rights of the club, the club renaming to Daejeon Hana Citizen.
Note that An Byong-jun, who is a North Korean player playing for Suwon FC, was deemed to be a native player.
The promotion-relegation playoffs were held between the clubs placed in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th position in the 2020 K League 2, and the 11th-placed club of the 2020 K League 1.
If scores would be tied after regular time in the Semi-playoff and Playoff, the higher-placed team would advance to the next phase.
Miller's scholarship focuses on the work of women in the United States prior to industrialization, with a focus on material culture and craft.
Miller is well known for her work on Betsy Ross which challenges popular narratives about Ross' involvement with the creation of the United States flag.
The 1976 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team represented South Carolina State University as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1976 NCAA Division II football season.
In its fourth season under head coach Willie Jeffries, the team compiled an 10–1 record (5–1 against conference opponents), tied for the MEAC championship, defeated in the Bicentennial Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 278 to 44.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The 11th Calzecchi was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone.
The battalion joined 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment and was sent to Italian Libya on 14 January 1942 to fight in the Western Desert Campaign.
The battalion entered the front during the Battle of Bir Hakeim and continued to serve in the North African theater until it was annihilated on 2 November 1942 during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
In 2001 the 33rd tank regiment was disbanded and the flags of the 33rd regiment and 11th battalion were transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
In August 2018 she received UN-approved Ambassadorial titles being a Commander of the Most Distinguish Order of Special Envoy (CDSE) and an order of Minister Statesman Commander of the most Distinguished order of Kingdom Ambassadors (CDKA).
Born Sabine Wichert in 8 June 1942 in Graudenz, West Prussia which is now Grudziadz, Poland, Wichert was educated in West Germany.
She was a member of the Arts Council of Northern Ireland until 1994 and she was appointed to the Board of Annaghmakerrig by the Arts Councils in Ireland.
During his time there, his roles included head assistant coach, recruiting coordinator, infield coach, third-base coach, academic advisor, and overseeing the teams strength and conditioning program.
Since her graduation in 2009, she has worked full-time as a model and has been signed with several famous model agencies from around the world.
Berlin appeared in several advertising spots of well-known brands as well as in a music video of the rock band Oomph!.
Hutchison and Vogel (1933, 1994) state that the Dadwal clan takes its name from a place called Dada which was within Siba State.
The clan came into existence after Hari Chand seceded from the kingdom of Kangra and established his own kingdom in Guler (1415).
His descendant, Sibarn Chand then seceded from Guler and established the kingdom of Siba and in turn one of his descendants, Khammi Chand, had three sons one of whom was Lakhuda Chand who lived at Dada and adopted the clan name Dadwal.
Barstow (1928) reported that in the 1911 census of the Punjab, 515 people were returned as Dadwal Jat in Amritsar district.
In modern times, the Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland (2016) also lists Dhadwal as a Jat clan.
The Ringgold Commercial Historic District, in Ringgold, Georgia, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Annke Conradi (born August 30, 1965) is a German Paralympic swimmer who specialises in backstroke and freestyle and is a double world and Paralympic champion.
At the beginning of the decade the UK was governed by the Labour Party, which had been in power since its victory in the 1997 UK general election.
On 6 April 2010, Brown visited Buckingham Palace to seek the Queen's permission to dissolve Parliament on 12 April, initiating a general election on 6 May.
In these debates the prime minister was widely considered to have been outperformed by his opponents David Cameron of the Conservative Party and Nick Clegg of the Liberal Democrats.
At the election, Labour lost 91 seats in the House of Commons, but the Conservatives failed to achieve an overall majority, resulting in the first hung parliament since 1974.
Brown remained temporarily as Prime Minister, while the Liberal Democrats and Conservatives entered into talks aimed at forming a coalition government.
On 10 May, Brown announced his intention to resign as leader of the Labour Party and instructed the party to initiate the election of a new leader.
In a telephone conversation with his predecessor Tony Blair, Blair suggested to Brown that the election had shown that British voters had lost faith in both him and the Labour Party and that the United Kingdom would not accept him continuing as Prime Minister.
Brown was succeeded as Prime Minister by David Cameron, whose party had formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, while Harriet Harman became acting leader of the Labour Party.
The premiership of David Cameron began on 11 May 2010 when Cameron accepted the Queen's invitation to form a government, after the resignation of Cameron's predecessor as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Gordon Brown.
While serving as Prime Minister, Cameron also served as First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Conservative Party.
Between them, the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats controlled 363 seats in the House of Commons, with a majority of 76 seats.
The 2015 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 7 May 2015 to elect 650 members to the House of Commons.
After the 2015 general election, Cameron was re-elected as Prime Minister, but this time at the head of a Conservative majority government with a parliamentary majority of 12 seats.
Forming the first Conservative majority government since 1992, David Cameron became the first Prime Minister since 1900 to continue in office immediately after a term of at least four years with a larger popular vote share, and the only Prime Minister other than Margaret Thatcher to continue in office immediately after a term of at least four years with a greater number of seats.
The Labour Party, led by Ed Miliband, saw a small increase in its share of the vote to 30.4%, but incurred a net loss of seats to return 232 MPs.
The Scottish National Party, enjoying a surge in support since the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, recorded a number of huge swings of over 30% (including a record-breaking swing of 39.3% achieved in Glasgow North East) from Labour, as it won 56 of the 59 Scottish seats to become the third-largest party in the Commons.
The Liberal Democrats, led by outgoing Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, had their worst result since their formation in 1988, holding just eight out of their previous 57 seats, with Cabinet ministers Vince Cable, Ed Davey and Danny Alexander losing their seats.
UKIP came third in terms of votes with 12.6%, but only won one seat, with party leader Nigel Farage failing to win the seat of South Thanet.
The Green Party won its highest-ever share of the vote with 3.8%, and retained the Brighton Pavilion seat with an increased majority, though did not win any additional seats.
Immediately after the vote by the British electorate to leave the European Union on 23 June 2016, Cameron announced in a televised speech outside 10 Downing Street that he intended to step down as Prime Minister following the Conservative Party conference in the autumn of that year.
Cameron, who had campaigned in favour of the UK remaining in a reformed EU, said that he had informed the Queen of his decision before going to the public.
He officially resigned as Prime Minister on 13 July 2016, following the unopposed victory of Theresa May in the Conservative Party leadership election on 11 July.
In a referendum held on 23 June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the European Union, with a result of 52% for withdrawal and 48% for remaining within the union.
David Cameron, who as Prime Minister had campaigned to remain within the European Union, announced on 24 June 2016, immediately following the announcement of the referendum results, that he would resign from his post.
Following the first stages of a Conservative Party leadership election, Home Secretary Theresa May's only remaining competitor, Andrea Leadsom, withdrew from the race on 11 July 2016.
Under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 an election had not been due until May 2020, but a call by Prime Minister Theresa May for a snap election was ratified by the necessary two-thirds vote in a 522–13 vote in the House of Commons on 19 April 2017.
In a surprising result, the Conservative Party made a net loss of 13 seats despite winning 42.4% of the vote (its highest share of the vote since 1983), whereas Labour made a net gain of 30 seats with 40.0% (its highest vote share since 2001 and the first time the party had gained seats since 1997).
This was the closest result between the two major parties since February 1974 and their highest combined vote share since 1970.
The Scottish National Party (SNP) and the Liberal Democrats, the third- and fourth-largest parties, both lost vote share; media coverage characterised the result as a return to two-party politics.
UKIP, the third-largest party in 2015 by number of votes, saw its share of the vote reduced from 12.6% to 1.8% and lost its only seat.
In Northern Ireland, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) won 10 seats, Sinn Féin won seven, and Independent Unionist Sylvia Hermon retained her seat.
The Conservatives were narrowly victorious and remained in power as a minority government, having secured a confidence and supply deal with the DUP.
However, under her leadership, the government was unable to reach an EU withdrawal agreement approved by the Conservative Party as a whole.
On 4 December 2018, the May government was found in contempt of Parliament; the first government to be found in contempt in history on a motion passed by MPs by 311 to 293 votes.
The vote was triggered by the government failing to lay before Parliament any legal advice on the proposed withdrawal agreement on the terms of the UK's departure from the European Union, after a humble address for a return was unanimously agreed to by the House of Commons on 13 November 2018.
The government then agreed to publish the full legal advice for Brexit that was given to the Prime Minister by the Attorney General during negotiations with the European Union.
Theresa May, after failing to pass her Brexit withdrawal agreement through parliament three times, announced her resignation as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 24 May 2019 amidst calls for her to be ousted.
Boris Johnson had already confirmed at a business event in Manchester days earlier that he would run for Conservative Party leader if May were to resign.
Johnson won all five rounds of voting by MPs, and entered the final vote by Conservative Party members as the clear favourite to be elected PM.
On 23 July, he emerged victorious over his rival Jeremy Hunt with 92,153 votes, 66.4% of the total ballot, while Hunt received 46,656 votes.
On 28 August 2019, Boris Johnson announced that he had asked The Queen to prorogue parliament from a date between 9–12 September until the opening of a new session on 14 October.
Parliament was in any case due to have a three-week recess for the party conference season, and Johnson's prorogation would add around four days to the parliamentary break.
The 2017–19 parliamentary session was the longest since the English Civil War, while the prorogation in 2019 at Johnson's request would have been the longest prorogation since 1930.
Others questioned this justification, and said that the prorogation was an improper attempt to evade parliamentary scrutiny of Johnson's Brexit plans in advance of the UK's planned departure from the European Union on 31 October 2019; opponents of prorogation included opposition MPs, UK constitutional law scholars, and Sir John Major, the former Conservative Prime Minister.
On 24 September, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the prorogation was both justiciable and unlawful, and therefore null and of no effect.
Bercow said he would ensure that the attempted prorogation would be expunged from the House of Commons Journal, the corrected formal record of parliamentary business, and replaced with a statement that Parliament was adjourned for the period of the absence.
On 3 September 2019, Boris Johnson threatened to call a general election after opposition and rebel Conservative MPs successfully voted against the government to take control of the order of business with a view to preventing a no-deal exit.
Despite government opposition, the bill to block a no-deal exit passed the Commons on 4 September 2019, causing Johnson to call for a general election on 15 October.
However, this motion was unsuccessful as it failed to command the support of two-thirds of the House as required by the Fixed-term Parliaments Act (FTPA).
The proposal also declared that Northern Ireland, along with the rest of the UK, would leave the Customs Union, meaning that customs controls would be needed for cross-border goods trade.
On 4 October the Government assured the highest civil court in Scotland that Johnson would send a letter to the EU seeking an extension to Article 50 as required by the European Union (Withdrawal) (No.
On 17 October 2019, a revised withdrawal agreement, with a changed backstop, was agreed by the EU leaders and Boris Johnson.
MPs passed an amendment by 322 votes to 306 that withheld Parliament's approval until legislation implementing the deal had been passed, and forced the Government to request a delay to Brexit until 31 January 2020.
Later that evening, 10 Downing Street confirmed that Boris Johnson would send a letter to the EU requesting an extension, but would not sign it.
MPs voted on the Bill itself, which was passed by 329 votes to 299, and on the timetable for debating the Bill, which was defeated by 322 votes to 308.
Prior to the votes, Johnson had stated that if his timetable failed to generate the support needed to pass in parliament he would abandon attempts to get the deal approved and would seek a general election.
Labour's losses in the general election led its leader Jeremy Corbyn to announce his intention to resign as the party's leader.
The Liberal Democrats increased their vote share to 11.6% of the votes, though leader Jo Swinson was obliged under her party's rules to announce her resignation after losing her seat in East Dunbartonshire, leaving her party with 11 seats.
The Scottish National Party (SNP) made a net gain of 13 seats across Scotland, winning 45% of the Scottish vote and 48 of the 59 Scottish seats, while in Wales, Plaid Cymru retained its four seats with no significant change in vote share.
In Northern Ireland, for the first time more Irish Nationalist MPs were elected than British Unionists, although unionist parties still won more votes; Sinn Féin retained the same number of seats, and the DUP lost two seats, while the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) regained two seats, and the Alliance Party regained a seat, giving the latter two parties a restored presence in the House of Commons.
The election results had a variety of different effects and set the dynamics of UK politics going into the new decade.
For the first time since the 2016 referendum it became almost certain that Brexit would take place with the process of passing the withdrawal agreement through parliament beginning before Christmas.
For the Conservative Party, the election meant a shift from a fairly weak administration in the hung parliament of 2017 to 2019 to governing with a majority on a scale they had not known since the early 1990s, potentially, setting them up to remain in power for many years to come.
For the Labour Party, the defeat meant an end to the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn with preparations beginning for a new leadership contest in early 2020 whilst rekindling debates within the party and beyond about it's tactical and ideological future.
Melinda Fábián (born June, 25 1987) is a Hungarian mixed martial artist, she was the first Hungarian to compete in the UFC.
Born in 1987, Melinda Fábián first started fighting martial arts at the age of 12, starting to shotokan karate at Vértesszőlős, where she reached the brown belt.
He returned home in 2006 and started his favorite martial art, which he liked as a kenpo karate the kurayfat campsite.
A year later, he had already won a silver medal at the World Championships in Home Affairs as a blue belt.
And in 2013, at the World Championships, also home to the podium, he was the winner of the full contact and knockdown rules, with a black belt at his waist.
After finding great success at the campsite, Melinda set out on mixed martial arts, which was less well known in Hungary at the time.
In this style, ground combat plays the same role as standing, so wrestling and Brazilian jiu-jitsu are at the forefront, as evidenced in Melinda's victories.
The blonde lady first entered the cage at HFC 09 in 2015 as the only Hungarian female warrior in a quad tournament in front of a domestic audience.
In the opening match, he had a straight-up victory in the first round, but he got exactly the same technique from his more experienced American opponent in the final.
In the next 3 games he ended with one draw, one win (Ezekiel choke) and one with a split scoring defeat.
He has been invited to The Ultimate Fighter UFC reality show, which has not become a former champion, and often gets a UFC contract at the end of the show.
And the stake in the 26th TUF season was nothing but the winner becoming the champion of the newly introduced women's weight (57kg) division.
In the show, every warrior has a homemade video in which Melinda introduces Budapest, her apartment and talks about her team the Budapest Top Team.
At the start of the game, the Hungarian girl worked well in stand-up combat but was unable to defend Rachael's grounding and gave up her back with an unfortunate move and the American took the opportunity and pulled in the back throttle after some submission attempts and some ground-and-pound and victory.
With that defeat, Melinda's chances went to further the show, but the UFC gave her one more chance to prove she was in the Ultimate Fighter 26 Finale.
The Ringgold Depot, on what is now U.S. Route 41 in Ringgold, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
It was the first edition of the Invitation Limited Over Tournament, replacing the Premier Limited Overs Tournament, after Sri Lanka Cricket failed to approve the latter due to delays in their domestic cricket structure.
On 19 December 2019, Sandun Weerakkody scored the fastest List A century by a Sri Lankan batsman, scoring 101 not out from 39 balls for Sinhalese Sports Club against Burgher Recreation Club.
The following day, only one of the twelve scheduled matches reached a result, with the other eleven fixtures all abandoned due to rain.
Ahead of the final day of fixtures, Sinhalese Sports Club, Sri Lanka Army Sports Club, Nondescripts Cricket Club, Panadura Sports Club, Saracens Sports Club, Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club and Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club had all qualified for the quarterfinals.
Following the conclusion of the final day of group matches, Chilaw Marians Cricket Club had also reached the quarterfinals of the tournament.
Sinhalese Sports Club, Chilaw Marians Cricket Club, Nondescripts Cricket Club and Sri Lanka Army Sports Club all won their quarterfinal matches to progress in the competition.
Chilaw Marians Cricket Club and Nondescripts Cricket Club won their respective semi-final matches to advance to the final of the tournament.
The brand operates both offline and online via Myntra, Jabong, Flipkart, Shoppers Stop, Central, Brand Factory, Pantaloons, and brand outlets in various cities.
The 2019-20 American International Yellow Jackets men's ice hockey season was the 72nd season of play for the program, the 24th at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
In 1942 the IV Tank Battalion was ceded to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment, with which it served in the Western Desert Campaign until regiment and battalion were destroyed in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
After World War II the IV Tank Battalion was reformed in 1951 as unit of the 31st Tank Regiment, which transferred the battalion on 1 July 1963 to the 3rd Bersaglieri Regiment.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
The election was held in the historically Democratic district after the resignation of Democrat Bill Richardson, who became the United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
As no candidate received an outright majority during the first round on March 15, 1997 a special runoff was held on April 12, 1997, which was won by State Representative Ciro Rodriguez.
M. Maryan was the pseudonym used by Marie Rosalie Virginie Cadiou (1847-1927), a French novelist born in Brest who worked in Paris.
The name was created early in her career by a random printing error of the first name of her maternal grandmother, Mary-Ann Kirkland, which was the pen name the young author had intended to use.
Cadiou (born 21 December 1847) was the daughter of a captain and mayor of Guipavas, niece of Admiral Thomas Louis, and sister of the writer Paul Cadiou.
From her marriage to Charles-Albert Deschard (1836-1919) who was Commissioner General of the Navy, she had six children: Albert (Chief Commissioner of the Navy), Marthe, Marie (wife of Rear Admiral René Nielly), Paul (a battalion commander), André and Pierre.
As of 2019, some of her writings are available in print, and can be found under M. Maryan, Maryan-M, or Marie Deschard.
Madeira Abyssal Plain, also called Madeira Plain, is an abyssal plain situated at the center and deepest part of the Canary Basin.
Its western boundary is marked by a chain of seamounts known as the either Seewarte Seamounts or Atlantis-Great Meteor Seamount Chain.
They are a southern sub-basin, which lies at a water depth of about , a central sub-basin which lies at a deeper water depth of about , and the northern sub-basin which lies at an intermediate water depth of about .
The central sub-basin, which is also known as Great Meteor East after a seamount situated to the west, occupies a broad area of and is bounded by about the -contour.
The central sub-basin of the Madeira Abyssal Plain is relatively flat plain that is occasionally interrupted by small abyssal hills of a few hundred meters in height and draped by pelagic and hemipelagic sediments.
These abyssal hills become more numerous to the north, south and west where they form the boundaries of the central sub-basin.
In 1980, the Nuclear Energy Agency's Seabed Working Group selected the Madeira Abyssal Plain as a site for the possible disposal of heat-emitting radioactive waste.
Even though this concept was later abandoned, it resulted in this region being the location for intensive studies of its bathymetry, geology, oceanography, and biota.
Since the 1980s, the Madeira Abyssal Plain has been studied in detail by the Ocean Drilling Program and research concerning the Moroccan Turbidite System.
Seismic reflection profiles across the Canary Basin and Madeira Abyssal Plain reveal north-northeast – south-southwest ridge and trough terrain typical of oceanic crust and west-northwest – east-southeast striking fracture zone valleys that are spaced about part.
Because most of the Madeira Abyssal Plain lies within the Cretaceous Superchron, the oceanic crust underlying it cannot be precisely dated by magnetic striping.
However, interpolation between recognised magnetic stripes estimated an age range of about 75 to 105 Ma for the oceanic crust underlying the central sub-basin.
These sediments initially in filled irregularities on the uneven surface of the heimipelagic sediments to produce a flat plain that later turbidites accumulated.
In seismic reflection, the sequnce of turbidites varies from being strongly acoustically laminated near the top to poorly stratified to transparent near the base.
These turbidites represent organic-rich sediments that turbidity currents transported from two sources, one north and one south of the Canary Islands.
Their base is usually olive green where the organic material remains below surface oxidation and their upper part is pale green where the organic material has been oxidized.
These turbidites represent the distal sediments of turbidity currents generated by massive submarine landslides resulting from the collapse of the flanks of volcanic seamounts or islands within either the Canary islands or Madeira Archipelago.
Finally, there are calcareous turbidites derived from submarine landslides effecting one of the Seewarte Seamounts to the west of the Madeira Abyssal Plain.
As determined by microfossils, each individual layer often represents represents several tens of thousands of years of pelagic sedimentation in a deep sea, abyssal environment.
Depending on the carbonate compensation depth at the time of deposition, these layers consist either of calcareous ooze, marls, or clay.
During the last 2.6 million years within the region of the Madeira Abyssal Plain, carbonate compensation depth has been closely controlled by the general circulation of ocean currents and has oscillated in phase with climatic shifts.
This lead either to poor preservation of calcareous microfossils and frequently no preservation of them at all and, respectively, the accumulation of either marl or clay to form pelagic layers.
He was a prosecutor against members of the October 22 Group, and was captured by members of the Red Brigades on 18 April 1974 in Genoa.
The International Federation of Trade Unions of Transport Workers (, FIOST) was an International Trade Federation affiliated to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL).
The federation was established in 1921 at a conference in Lucerne, as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions of Railway, Tramway and Other Transport Workers.
In 2006, the WCL merged into the new International Trade Union Confederation, and FIOST dissolved, its former affiliates mostly joining the International Transport Workers' Federation.
Jordan Ford (born May 26, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Saint Mary's Gaels of the West Coast Conference.
Ford was a chess prodigy, learning the game at the age of four with his father, Cuzear, serving as his teacher.
He began beating adults before winning two California state titles and ranked seventh in the nation but quit playing competitively at the age of eight to focus on basketball.
He committed to play for Saint Mary's because he liked the structured offense, spurning offers from Gonzaga, California, Oregon and Oregon State.
As a freshman, Ford considered redshirting, but ultimately came off the bench as a backup to Joe Rahon, who encouraged him to focus on his defense.
In he summer of 2017, Ford was diagnosed with epiglottitis and ended up in the hospital, losing the 12 pounds he gained lifting weights.
Ford had 19 points against Southeastern Louisiana in the first round of the NIT and made a SportsCenter top 10 play when he took a pass from Emmett Naar and did a double-spin move to complete a layup off the glass.
As a sophomore, Ford averaged 11.1 points, 2.7 rebounds, and 1.6 assists per game, shooting 50.8 percent from the field and 44.3 percent from behind the arc.
As a junior, Ford was second in the WCC in scoring with 21.1 points per game to go with 2.5 assists, 2.8 rebounds, and 1.3 steals per game.
He helped lead the Gaels to an upset on Gonzaga in the conference championship and NCAA Tournament appearance, where they fell to Villanova.
In his senior season opener, he scored 26 points and hit 4-of-8 three-pointers as Saint Mary's defeated Wisconsin 65-63 in overtime.
The brigade's anniversary was set to 6 June while a commemorative badge of the 1st Air Force Brigade was also introduced by the Minister of National Defense in April 2012..
Left deaf when his refusal to obey her demand that he enter the seminary to become a Catholic priest led Claudine to hit him on the head, he has continued to live in rural isolation, and struggles to establish human connection when he purchases Amica (Laurence Leboeuf), a woman being sold into slavery who is eerily similar to his mother in her youth.
The film received six Prix Jutra nominations at the 15th Jutra Awards in 2013, for Best Actor (Trelles Turgeon), Best Actress (Quesnel), Best Art Direction (Éric Barbeau), Best Cinematography (Mathieu Laverdière), Best Original Music (Normand Corbeil) and Best Sound (Luc Boudrias, Marcel Chouinard and Patrice Leblanc).
The World Federation of Building and Woodworkers' Unions (, FMCB) was an International Trade Federation affiliated to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL).
The federation was established on 9 September 1937, at a meeting in Paris, when the International Federation of Christian Woodworkers merged with the International Federation of Christian Workers in the Building Trades.
Initially known as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions of Building and Woodworkers, it adopted its final name in 1973.
In December 2005, the federation merged with the International Federation of Building and Wood Workers, to form the Building and Wood Workers' International.
A short section of the street, between Prinsesse Charlottes Gade and Stevnsgade, has been closed to traffic and is now also known as Guldberg Byplads.
The oldest section of the street, between Nørrebrogade and Prinsesse Charlottes Gade, was initially called Thranesvej after merchant L. E. Thrane who owned a property at the site.
It opened in 1917 as one of several new public bath houses in the city but closed when private bathrooms had become common later in the century.
The Baroque Revival style building by city architect Hans Wright was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 2013.
He has written articles that have appeared in the popular and academic press in venues such as the Washingtonian, Commonweal, and Philosophy Today.
The 2020 Tim Hortons Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, will be held from February 29 to March 8 at the Leon's Centre in Kingston, Ontario.
The winning team will represent Canada at the 2020 World Men's Curling Championship at the Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome in Glasgow, Scotland.
It will be contested between the top two teams on the Canadian Team Ranking System standings who did not win their respective provincial championships.
The 2019-20 Air Force Falcons men's ice hockey season was the 52nd season of play for the program and the 14th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
It is located in Khyber District, formerly part of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which in 2018 were merged into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.
During the 1900s decade, this village served as an important stronghold for elements of the Zakha Khel as a raiding base, prompting British authorities to launch the Bazar Valley campaign to pacify the region.
In that campaign, China was largely destroyed by British forces in an attempt to force the Zakha Khel into a peace agreement.
The main characteristic of this theatre is the belief in the poetic essence of theatre, not using the language of words but what is at the very core of the theatre's origin - mask, music, movement.
Theatre Maska i Pokret has reached, without a doubt, the highest professional level in this type of theatre art, and with its research in the field of mask in theatre has left its mark on the territory of the former Yugoslavia and beyond.
Theatre Maska i Pokret is recognised as a unique phenomenon in the field of modern theatre, and due to its specific aesthetics and theatrical expression, it is included in The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre - Europe.
The new Miss Universe Philippines franchise was awarded to Shamcey Supsup, national director; the new organization will hold the first edition of the competition on May 3, 2020.
On December 2019, the organization launched its search for the next Filipina who will represent the Philippines at the Miss Universe 2020 competition.
District 17 covers parts of Merrimack, Rockingham, and Strafford Counties to the east of Concord, including the towns of Allenstown, Chichester, Deerfield, Epsom, Loudon, Northwood, Nottingham, Pembroke, Pittsfield, Raymond, and Strafford.
The opera looks at the life of enslaved Africans living in plantations in the South, Harriet Tubman and the music of the time period.
For the 250th anniversary of the founding of Charlotte, North Carolina, the Charlotte Symphony Orchestra commissioned Okoye to write an orchestral work to commemorate the city's history.
Conor Clancy (born 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays for Offaly Senior Championship club St. Rynagh's and at inter-county level with the Offaly senior hurling team.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The battalion was sent to Italian Libya on 15 February 1941 to bolster Italian forces after the successful British Operation Compass.
Initially the regiment served with the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment, and from 1 September 1941 with the newly formed 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment.
With the 132nd the battalion was heavily decimated during the British Operation Crusader, fighting battles at Bir el Gubi on 19 November and 4-7 December and for Point 175 before retreating West.
The VII Tank Battalion was disbanded at the end of January 1942 to bring regiment's two remaining battalions back up to strength.
After World War II the VII Tank Battalion was reformed in Aviano on 5 January 1959 as unit of the 132nd Tank Regiment, which transferred the battalion on 1 August 1963 to the 8th Bersaglieri Regiment.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
The 7th Tank Battalion's name commemorated 1st Tank Infantry Regiment Lieutenant , who, together with his brother , formed one of the first partisan units in Piedmont after the German occupation of Italy in September 1943.
Having already lost his brother on 13 February 1944 in a firefight with German forces, Alfredo Di Dio was killed in action on 12 October 1944.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army reorganized its forces and on 1 July 1991 the Garibaldi brigade's headquarters moved to Caserta in the South of Italy.
In expectation of the move the 7th Tank Battalion was disbanded a month earlier on 31 May 1991 and its flag transferred to the Shire of the Flags at the Vittoriano in Rome.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Harley Ferguson, wife of assistant general manager JAJCC; and launched on 25 September 1944.
On 27 June 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, in James River Reserve Fleet, Lee Hall, Virginia.
On 21 January 1955, while sailing from Hampton Roads to Rotterdam, with of coal, she ran aground off the Round Island, Scilly Islands, when her engines failed.
After living abroad in a number of countries including Spain and Japan, Joe Troop moved to Argentina in 2010 to teach bluegrass music, eventually forming a band with some of his best students.
Che Apalache initially played with an upright bass but eventually settled on the lineup of Martin Bobrik and Franco Martino, from Buenos Aires, and Pau Barjau, from Mexico.
Odette Eid (1922 – July 13, 2019) was a Lebanese/Brazilian artist who became well known in Brazil for her sculptures including those of fantastic animals.
When she was 90 she spent four months working on a sculpture that was displayed on Avenida República do Líbano in 2000.
She was pleased to include her home country of Lebanon but disappointed that someone stole a stone from the bottom that she had particularly chosen.
Eid won an award at the 1st Biennial of the Latin American Anniversary of Plastic Arts in Buenos Aires, and she too first place at the XX Chapel Contemporary Art Exhibition in São Paulo.
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Tasikmalaya (commonly known as Persitas Tasik) is an Indonesian football club based in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java that competes in Liga 3.
The album features guest appearances from Kali Uchis, Pharrell Williams, Mick Jenkins, Tinashe, Estelle, Charlotte Day Wilson, and GoldLink, among others.
After winning his only start as a juvenile in 2017 he showed good form in the following year when he won three races and finished third in the Mainichi Hai.
During his racing career he was trained by Hidetaka Otonashi and raced in the blue and red colours of the Northern Farm affiliate Silk Racing.
He was from the twelfth crop of foals sired by Stay Gold a horse whose wins included the Dubai Sheema Classic and Hong Kong Vase in 2001.
Indy Champ's dam Will Power who won four minor races in five seasons on the track between 2009 and 2013 was a half-sister to several winners including Real Impact (Yasuda Kinen, George Ryder Stakes) and Neorealism (Queen Elizabeth II Cup).
On 28 December 2017 at Hanshin Racecourse Indy Champ made his racecourse debut in a 1400 metre event for previously unraced juveniles and won narrowly from Amore Jody and twelve others.
Indy Champ made a successful start to his second season when he won a minor race over 1600 metres at Kyoto Racecourse on 13 January.
He was then stepped up in class and distance for the Grade 3 Mainichi Hai over 1800 metres at Hanshin in March when he started at odds of 3.1/1 and finished third of the ten runners, two and a quarter lengths behind the winner Blast Onepiece.
In April at the same track he was beaten just over a length when he came home fourth behind Tower of London in the Grade 3 Arlington Cup.
Indy Champ was dropped back in class in June and finished second to the filly A Shin Twinkle in a minor race over 1600 metres at Hanshin.
At Chukyo Racecourse on 14 July he started favourite for a race over 1600 metres and won from the four-year-old Clear The Track.
After a break of more than five months Indy Champ returned to the track on 16 December and won the Motomachi Stakes over 1600 metres at Hanshin.
On his first run as a four-year-old Indy Champ started the 1.7/1 in a fifteen-runner field for the Grade 3 Tokyo Shimbun Hai over 1600 metres at Tokyo Racecourse on 3 February.
Ridden by Yuichi Fukunaga he raced on the inside rail and turned into the straight in sixth place before taking the lead 200 metres from the finish.
He opened up a clear advantage before holding off the late challenges of Red Olga and Satono Ares to win by half a length and a head.
On his next appearance he came home fourth behind Danon Premium in the Yomiuri Milers Cup at Kyoto on 21 April after he failed to settle in a slowly-run race.
In the 69th edition on the Yasuda Kinen over 1600 metres over 1600 metres at Tokyo on 2 June Indy Champ was partnered by Fukunaga and went off at odds of 18.2/1 in a sixteen-runner field.
Almond Eye started the odds-on favourite while the other contenders included Danon Premium, Aerolithe (Mainichi Okan), Persian Knight (2017 Mile Championship), Mozu Ascot (winner of the race in 2018), Keiai Nautique (NHK Mile Cup) and Stelvio (2018 Mile Championship).
After racing in fifth place as Aerolithe set the pace Indy Champ threaded his way through the field in the straight, took the lead in the final strides and won by a neck, with the fast-finishing Almond Eye a nose away in third.
After a break of four months Indy Champ returned in the Mainichi Okan over 1800 metres at Tokyo on 6 October in which he raced in second place for most of the way before finishing third behind Danon Kingly and Aerolithe.
On 17 November he was one of seventeen horses to contest the 36th running of the Mile Championship at Kyoto and with Kenichi Ikezoe in the saddle he started the 5.4/1 third choice in the betting behind Danon Premium and Danon Kingly.The other runners included Al Ain, Mozu Ascot, Red Olga, Persian Knight and Diatonic (Swan Stakes).
Ikezoe tucked Indy Champ in behind the leaders in fourth place on the inside before making a forward move exiting the final turn.
He went to the front 150 metres from the finish, broke clear of his rivals and won by one and a half lengths from Danon Premium.
For his final run of the year Indy Champ was sent to Sha Tin Racecourse to contest the Hong Kong Mile on 8 December and started joint-favourite alongside the local champion Beauty Generation.
Ridden by Damian Lane he struggled to obtain a clear run in the last 400 metres and although he kept on well he was unable to reach the leaders and came home seventh of the ten runners behind Admire Mars.
In January 2020, at the JRA Awards for 2019, Indy Champ was voted Best Sprinter or Miler taking 211 of the 274 votes.
He also finished second to Win Bright in the poll to determine Best Older Male Horse, receiving 118 votes to the winner's 136.
The rivière des Petites Îles (Petites Îles River) is a tributary of the south shore of the Saguenay River flowing successively in the municipalities of Petit-Saguenay and Baie-Sainte-Catherine, in Regional County Municipality (MRC) of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay, in Quebec, Canada.
The upper part of this valley is served indirectly by Route 170 which connects Saint-Siméon to the village of Petit-Saguenay which passes over the north shore of the Noire River.
The surface of Petites Îles River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
The mouth of the Petites Îles River flows into Anse aux Petites Îles on the south shore of the Saguenay River at the northwestern end of the Municipality of Baie-Sainte-Catherine.
The name of the first, Coquart Island, evokes the memory of the Jesuit father Claude-Godefroy Coquart, born in 1706 in the French commune of Melun.
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, six are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The other listed buildings include churches and items in and around the churchyards, the ruins of a castle, public houses, a village lock-up, two mileplates, a well, a school, and a village pump.
The Ghetto Kids (or Triplets Ghetto Kids) is a dance group founded in 2014 by Daouda Kavuma and composed of children from the Katwe slum in Kampala (Uganda).
The singer later invited them to participate in the official videoclip of the song that was released in September of the same year.
This collaboration marks the beginning of the Ghetto Kids and allowed the children to go back to school and Daouda Kavuma to buy equipment to develop the group.
The group provokes the admiration of American artists like P. Diddy and Nicky Minaj and in 2017, a featuring in the clip of French Montana's Unforgettable begins their success in the United States.
Destin C. Hall (born July 17, 1987) is an American attorney and politician, currently serving in the North Carolina House of Representatives.
Hall graduated from West Caldwell High School and went on to earn a Bachelor’s Degree from Appalachian State University, where he double-majored in Finance & Banking and Risk Management & Insurance.
After a year of practicing law in Charlotte, North Carolina, Hall returned to his hometown where he currently is a practicing attorney.
During 2015 the longtime State House Representative Edgar Vance Starnes, who had held the 87th House District (Caldwell County) for 20 years (1987–88 and from 1997 through January 2015), had resigned his House Seat in early that year in January.
With the seat open for a successor, Hall announced his campaign for the North Carolina House of Representatives 87th District seat on December 1, 2015.
Running unopposed, Hall won the general election on November 9, 2016, and he was sworn in as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives in January of 2017.
While a freshman member of the North Carolina House of Representatives, Hall was elected to be the Majority Freshman Leader of the House Republican Caucus.
This bill was based off of Marsys Law, making North Carolina one of several states that have adopted the constitutional amendment.
House Bill 370 passed both chambers of the North Carolina General Assembly but was vetoed by Governor Roy Cooper on August 21st, 2019 .
Fanny Susan Copeland OBE (27 July 1872 – 29 July 1970) was an Irish-born translator, mountaineer, journalist, linguist from the United Kingdom, who lived much of her life in Slovenia.
She became Fanny S. Copeland Barkwort when she married the 36-year-old John Edmund Barkworth when she was 22; he was a professor of music.
By the 1910s she already spoke German, Italian, French, Danish, Norwegian, Latin, Slovenian, Serbian, and was capable of translating Bulgarian and Russian.
She worked as a translator for Ante Trumbić and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and as his personal secretary at the Paris Peace Conference.
Copeland then began to work in the English department at the Faculty of Arts, at the University of The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Ljubljana.
She published articles in Time and Tide, Graphic, The Observer, Discovery, European Commercial, London Mercury, The Near East and India, The Scotsman and Alpine Journal amongst others.
With the exception of the period of the Second World War and its aftermath, Copeland remained in Slovenia for the rest of her life, living in the Slon Hotel.
She was a devoted mountaineer who wrote guides to the mountains and managed to climb the Tominškova trail with Joža Čop when she was 88.
She was a member of the Skala tourist club and climbed all the peaks with Mira Marko Debelak Deržaj and Ed Deržaj, after the war.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
A long-term member of the Staatsoper Stuttgart, he appeared in leading roles such as Verdi's Nabucco and Rigoletto at international opera houses and festivals, including world premieres.
After studies in Graz with Stoja von Milinkovič, he performed from 1954 in Lucerne and from 1956 at the Oper Graz.
In the 1957/58, he appeared as a guest as Verdi's Rigoletto at the Staatstheater Stuttgart, which earned him a contract with the theatre and was the beginning of an international career.
He performed alongside Joan Sutherland, Leontyne Price, Inge Borkh, Shirley Verrett, Alfredo Kraus, Nicolai Gedda, Sándor Kónya, Plácido Domingo, Nicolai Ghiaurov and Martti Talvela.
The wit and poet Charles Stuart Calverley is reported to have stolen the pub's sign whilst an undergraduate student at Cambridge.
Jorge López Pérez, also known as El Chuta, is a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of Los Zetas, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
In 1981, he deserted from the military and joined a cell of the Juárez Cartel, where he coordinated drug trafficking operations in Cancún.
When the group was formed in the late 1990s, it was originally responsible for proving security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carrying out executions on the cartel's behalf.
However, it underwent organizational changes over the years and began to involve itself in other criminal activities, like drug trafficking alongside the Gulf Cartel.
Due to his previous experience in the Juárez Cartel and his knowledge of drug operations in the area, López Pérez was assigned to coordinate drug trafficking activities for Los Zetas in Cancún.
According to security forces, López Pérez and other members of Los Zetas based in the Mexican states of Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Chiapas and Campeche receive protection from corrupt municipal authorities and former members of the Juárez Cartel.
In 2004, he was responsible for coordinating international drug trafficking shipments in the Riviera Maya, an area that extended from Cancun to Tulum.
This turf was a strategic reception area for Los Zetas because it allowed them to receive South American narcotics arriving by boat.
On 18 June 2003, Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) placed an unspecified bounty on 31 members of Los Zetas, including López Pérez.
This announcement was made after the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO) identified him as a high-ranking member of Los Zetas following 14 March arrest of Cárdenas Guillén.
Unlike other Zetas members who voluntarily requested their release from the military, López Pérez had deserted and joined organized crime, which is considered high treason in a military court; López Pérez was wanted by the PGR, the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) and the Secretariat of Public Security (SSP) for his outstanding charges.
Few details of his criminal activities are known; unlike the rest of the early members of Los Zetas, who were arrested and/or killed over the years, López Pérez reportedly disappeared from public view.
Mexican authorities believe that he is trying to live a low-profile existence to avoid detection since there is an outstanding arrest warrant for him.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Robert Jones Sister, sister-in-law of Raymond A. Jones, vice president and general manager, JAJCC, and launched on 28 September 1944.
On 5 June 1946, she was laid up in the n James River Reserve Fleet, Lee Hall, Virginia, 5 June 1946.
Qatar T-10 Cricket League is the inaugural edition of the T10 Cricket,10-over format tournament organized by the Qatar Cricket Association in assistance with International Pro Event from 7 December 2019 to 16 December 2019.
The T10 league will have 6 teams comprising 24 international cricket stars, 12 players from associate ICC countries, Qatar national cricket team players and other local players.
Pakistani player Mohammad Hafeez and Andre Fletcher were also amongst the other international stars to be taking part in the Qatar T10 League.
She left home at 17 after a row with her mother; the relationship between the two women remained difficult for many years.
After graduating in Russian and Arabic from the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster), Figes became a sales representative for the Pandora feminist publishing house, later a publicist and editor for the same firm.
Isaiah Malchai Tayne Jones (born 21 September 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Forest Green Rovers.
After becoming paralyzed from the waist down at the age of 16 following a car accident, Ohama was approached a Calgary Grizzlies player in a store who convinced her to play the sport.
Kimberley Sherri Knowles is a former Magistrate Judge and current Associate Judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
On May 10, 2010, Superior Court of the District of Columbia chief judge Lee F. Satterfield appointed Knowles as a magistrate judge on the court.
President Barack Obama nominated Knowles on June 11, 2012, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Zinora M. Mitchell.
On August 2, 2012, the Committee reported her nomination favorably to the senate floor and later that day, the full Senate confirmed her nomination by voice vote.
He has been named as a pioneer of agricultural syndicalism, believing syndicates would form a link between the nation's political system and its peasantry.
This opponent's term ended in 1912 with their death, at which point Gailhard-Bancel won back the office, holding it until 1924, when he was beaten again.
Georges Mouly (21 February 1931 – 7 December 2019) was a French politician and professor and a member of the European Democratic and Social Rally group.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Rated a four-star recruit, Taylor committed to play college football at the University of Tennessee over offers from Florida and Virginia Tech.
Taylor finished the season tied for second in the SEC with 8.5 sacks and led the Volunteers with 10 tackles for loss along with 46 total tackles, a forced fumble, a fumble recovery and four passes defended.
Anne Teather, Andrew Chamberlain and Mike Parker Pearson have recently proposed that the Folkton and Lavant drums were tools to measure cord to standard lengths which were used in the construction of monuments such as Stonehenge and the timber circle at Durrington Walls.
The excavation was not published due to the insolvency of Southern Archaeology, who took over the Chichester and District Archaeology Unit which carried out the original excavation.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they are automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 2 was the second event of the season and is held in Hochfilzen, Austria, from 13 to 15 December 2019.
Enforcement with consequences is the policy implemented within the US to help deter the rising tide of immigration that has grown in the US.
It is the expansion of policy and consequences for people who choose to enter illegally and subjects them to legal, political and educational debates concerning legality status.
In 1965 Congress passed amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act that placed numerical limits on immigration from the western hemisphere.
Beginning in the 1990s, regular crossing points in Texas and California were targeted for extra guarding, such as in 1994 Operation Gatekeeper, as a way to stop crossings in heavy traffic areas.
This had little effect on the flow of people across the border and instead pushed people to attempt to cross in more dangerous and secluded areas such as the Sonoran Desert which claims the lives of hundreds of immigrants per year.
They reduced access to safety net programs, toughened border enforcement, made it harder to claim asylum, stripped many due process rights of those in custody and expanded grounds for deportation.
The Bush Administration originally had the plan to make a long lasting relationship with Mexico in order to streamline the process of bringing in cheap manual labor to be used in the country.
During 2005 this stance had radically changed however and the beginning of using the US law as consequence for illegal entry had begum.
The house bill written and proposed by James Sensenbrenner began to crack down harder and gave more offenses to aiding illegal immigrants, this included helping or and illegal, knowingly hiring an illegal and being in the country illegally.
During this time Congressman Tom Tancredo (Republican-Colorado) began to voice his opinion that immigration had begun to change the way that American culture was valued.
In the end the Bush administration failed in its original plan to build a relationship with Mexico and was the start of hard consequences for illegal immigration in the country.
The Obama administration had campaigned with a promise to address and reform the immigration System but after entering into office this idea fell to the wayside in favor of other issues plaguing American Society.
In June 2012 he created the important program to help those who had entered illegally called The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals or the DACA program for short, it focused on children who entered illegally against their wills and faced many hardships as a result.
It has proven to be overall successful and helped hundreds of thousands to thrive in the US, it is unfortunately constantly under threat however because of bi-partisan legislation and as a result remains under attack.
The Administration is also known to have the highest deportation records of any administration and is responsible for the incarceration of millions of illegal migrants.
Large scale work-site raids used by the Bush Administration was done away with and a focus on investigations and penalization of employers was used instead.
As a result of this stance The Fugitive Operations Act had also undergone changes so that the limited resources that were allocated to this process focused on the most dangerous fugitives and not the easiest ones.
Also during this time there was a huge influx of Central American refugees who arrived at the border seeking asylum and protection and as a result the Obama Administration treated it more as an enforcement problem rather than a humanitarian problem faced by the refugees, As a result poorly constructed detention centers were created to house and deter anymore refugees from coming to the border.
Most were not given fair trails or access to attorneys and the entire system was rushed creating a large number of deported individuals sent back to some of the most unstable areas in the world.
The Trump Administration has followed the idea of economic nationalism and as such has created an idea of America First with an emphasis on protection American workers and Industries.
Bans on many areas have been into place in order to restrict the amount of refugees and asylum seekers, increasing screening of refugees while cutting staff and resources to do so and work to end the DACA program were enacted in order to get a hold on refugee and migrant movement.
Many of the same policies and actions used by the Obama Administration are still used such as detention centers and little to no support in the legal arena for these migrants.
The focus on building the wall has also created a spotlight on the Mexican border making it even harder for illegal migrants to enter the country.
Trump as also closed the border in 2018 hoping to deter people from trying to enter, but the number of asylum seeking refugees has only increased.
To reduce recidivism, Customs and Border Patrol (CBP), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) introduced the Consequence Delivery System (CDS) a joint initiative in December 2005.
The concern for the public is the cost of enforcing and applying consequences to prevent the further movement across the U.S. border.
An analysis of the rate of recidivism during the period in which CDS was implemented in the southwest border sectors show the lack of consistent consequences.
Such factors contribute to the notion that CDS does not impact recidivism, but rather supports a much larger strategy to prevent and deter illegal immigration.
The collaborative approach to apply consequences is effective in using the state’s available resources, but inefficiently increases costs compared to other border security measures.
Most notably the Secured Border Initiative (SBI) uses prevention through deterrence by largely relying on the rugged and desolate terrain of the U.S. southwest border to impede the flow of people from the south.
So, in using the natural environment of the U.S. southern border to enhance tactical advantage, SBI compared to CDS is a success in terms of cost.
Rather than enhancing available strategies, CDS introduces new coordination in assessing apprehended aliens and strategically applying the Most Effective and Efficient consequences likely to reduce recidivism.
As noted in Table 1, CDS proposes code OA, or Operation Against Smugglers Initiative on Safety and Security (OASISS), as the Most Effective and Efficient consequence applicable for suspected smugglers.
In contrast, family unit apprehension constitutes a less serious threat to national security, and CDS concurs by issuing a Warrant or Notice to Appear (WN) as the Most Effective and Efficient consequence.
Variations of Most Effective and Efficient consequences for alien type and border sector during the period of FY 13 through FY 15 are formatted in the table below.
Although all 9 U.S. southwest border sectors enforce CDS, Border Patrol Agents are given discretion in deciding the actual consequence aliens receive.
CDS, for example, in FY 13 established the Most Effective and Efficient consequences as Expedited Removal to a family unit apprehended in the Big Bend sector.
In deciding the consequence to apply, Border Patrol agents are allowed to circumvent actual applied consequence that either increase or decrease in severity.
Data reflecting the resources available for each border sector are not published by DHS, so the overall performance of CBP is used to infer the effectiveness of a consequence.
In 2015, the Office of Inspector General reported that Laredo and Del Rio were not given additional resources to execute SP operations.
In FY 2014, CBP annual Performance and Accountability Reports reported a 12.5% decrease in recidivism from FY 2013 and remained stagnant through FY 2015 CDS reflects the constraints in resource by avoiding the enforcement of SP as the Most Effective and Efficient in both sectors from FY2014 through FY2015.
The Most Effective and Efficient consequences are not applied consistently but CDS continues to contribute enforcement with consequence as the main agent reducing recidivism.
This network of law enforcement apprehends and removes illegal and criminal aliens to prevent and deter illegal immigration across the U.S. borders.
The change in the policy has jeopardized basic human rights; undocumented citizens are getting mistreated, discriminated, criminalized, arrested, deported, and separated.
ICE is targeting Latin communities, and mental health has worsened for the these communities.The United States is profiting and benefiting from mobilizing the use of private prisons and detention centers are overflowing.
Trump admin calls for local police and law enforcement to join with federal immigration enforcement to create a large crackdown on removing undocumented immigrants.
The intended goal is to create a relationship between law enforcement and communities so that citizens are willing to help immigration authorities and come forward with suspected undocumented status of those in the community.
The US Immigration and Customs enforcement describes this program to be a way to remove threats to safety and security by working with the FBI and Department of Homeland security to utilize arrest records and fingerprint records and checking them against immigration fingerprint records.
This is intended to find those illegal immigrants with a criminal record or outstanding arrest warrant, but also those who are in the United States illegally.
Attrition through enforcement is an idea that allows the identification and removal of illegal immigrants without the intervention of immigration enforcement.
This program requires compliance from local agencies to be strict about making sure social security numbers are attained and used appropriately, visas are in status, and that it is difficult for illegal immigrants to hide their illegal status.
Melodica Men is a YouTube channel created by Joe Buono and Tristan Clarke, who perform an eclectic mix of music as melodica duets.
They have performed as soloists with the Jacksonville and Atlanta Symphonies and have appeared on ABC's The Gong Show and NBC's America's Got Talent.
Clarke, an alumnus of the Juilliard School, is principal trumpet with the Jacksonville Symphony and Buono, also a brass player, who has masters' degrees from Peabody Conservatory, is a teacher and composer.
The WTA Premier tournaments are divided into three levels, which all rank below the Grand Slam events and above the WTA International tournaments.
A detailed timeline of the BattleTech fictional setting stretching from the late 20th century to the mid-32nd describes humanity's technological, social and political development and spread through space both in broad historical terms and through accounts of the lives of individuals who experienced and shaped that history, with an emphasis on (initially) the year 3025 and creating an ongoing storyline from there.
Individual lifestyles remain largely unchanged from those of modern times, due in part to stretches of protracted interplanetary warfare during which technological progress slowed or even reversed.
Cultural, political and social conventions vary considerably between worlds, but feudalism is widespread, with many states ruled by hereditary lords and other nobility, below which are numerous social classes.
Interstellar and civil wars, planetary battles, factionalization and infighting, as well as institutionalized combat in the shape of arena contests and duelling, form the grist of both novelized fiction and game backstories.
Most works in the series are set during the early to middle decades of the 31st century, though a few publications concern earlier ages.
The universe is largely based in hard science fiction concepts — much of the technology used is either similar in advancement to that of the present day, or based on technology considered plausible in the near-future, such as the railgun.
Incessant warfare is generally blamed for the uneven advancement, the destruction of industry and institutes of learning over the centuries of warfare having resulted in the loss of much technology and knowledge.
Scientists first successfully tested an FTL engine in 2107, and late in the following year mounted the first long-range manned voyage, a 12-light year jump to the Tau Ceti star system.
This advancement reached its zenith during the latter years of the Star League with computing, communications, sensors, power and motor systems, medical sciences, and other technologies reaching high levels of refinement.
Following the collapse of the Star League in 2781, its constituent states fell into a protracted struggle for supremacy known as The Succession Wars.
The conflict saw the common use of weapons of mass destruction and the widespread destruction of factories, shipyards, and research facilities, resulting in a slow but steady degradation of scientific and technological expertise.
A mercenary unit, the Gray Death Legion, discovered one such cache, including a Star League memory core, on the planet Helm in 3026, a discovery that sparked a major technological renaissance.
The exodus of much of the Star League Defense Force after the League's collapse was also a significant blow to technological development in the Inner Sphere since it included many of the most advanced vessels and pieces of hardware.
Later to become known as the Clans, these forces, unlike those in the Inner Sphere, retained their technology and made refinements and enhancements that set them ahead of their Successor States counterparts.
In August 3132, a mysterious calamity collapsed the Hyperpulse Generator network, inhibiting interstellar communication and heralding a slow-down of technological development.
In a K-F jump, an initiator produces a hyperspace field which is then magnified and focused by a large, superconductive mass of titanium/germanium.
Depending on the distance to be traversed, the ship spends up to 15 seconds in hyperspace before reemerging into normal space through another jump point at the destination.
The opening and closing of jump points destroys large numbers of subatomic particles and produces a pulse of electromagnetic energy that can be detected at considerable range.
Jumping requires copious amounts of energy, usually gathered from the nearby star over the course of approximately a week by large solar collectors similar to solar sails and stored in giant capacitors.
A quicker but less common technique is to draw the energy from a fusion reactor, or to take advantage of recharge stations in the vicinity of major jump points.
Vessels equipped with K-F drives are known as jumpships and range in mass up to 500,000 tons, though warships, a subclass of jumpship hardened against attack and fitted with naval weapons, may mass up to 2.5 million tons.
The size and delicacy of a jumpship's K-F drive and the danger of jumping while in a gravitational well limits such vessels to deep space and precludes planetary landings.
Jumpships often use sail-like collectors to gather solar energy and fusion engines for sub-light maneuvers, and normally travel with a small retinue of dropships.
Dropships lack faster-than-light engines and instead use fusion motors for covering short interplanetary distances, for orbital and atmospheric maneuvers, and for takeoffs and landings.
HyperPulse Generator (HPG) arrays serve as the primary means of interstellar communication in the BattleTech universe and operate on worlds throughout inhabited space.
HPGs operate on a similar principle as the Kearny-Fuchida jump drive, sending a directional radio transmission instantaneously from one station to another over a distance of up to 50 light years.
A message can reach any station in the Inner Sphere in approximately six months, with transit times of as little as a few days possible at great expense.
Over the next 150 years, the Star League constructed a network of generators that extended hyperpulse communications to numerous worlds throughout the Inner Sphere.
Following the fracturing of ComStar after the battle of Tukayyid in 3052, hyperpulse technology slowly began to disseminate to the states of the Inner Sphere.
A mysterious calamity collapsed the Hyperpulse Generator network in August 3132, effectively ending practical interstellar communication over much of inhabited space.
It also acts as a security device, limiting access to authorized users via alpha brain wave pattern recognition (many BattleMechs mentioned in the novels also incorporate more conventional security measures such as voice-recognition and personalised codes).
Colonies dependent on this ice trade prospered while it continued, but little true terraforming was accomplished in this way and the colonies tended to wither when the trade was interrupted by wars.
Terraforming, the process of adapting an inhospitable planetary environment into one suitable for human occupation, occurs with varying degrees of success through history.
Terran engineers mounted repeated attempts over the course of centuries to moderate the dense and acidic atmosphere of Venus, succeeding enough to allow limited surface colonization under protective domes.
Terra is the homeworld of mankind (no longer commonly called Earth, although this name is sometimes used) and former capital of the Star League.
Several groups have held Terra, including the Terran Alliance, Terran Hegemony, ComStar, Word of Blake, and the Republic of the Sphere; most of these nations fought bitter struggles upon Terra, scarring the world.
The leader of each Great House claims to be the rightful successor to the rule of the Star League, and so the nations the Houses rules over are known as the Successor States.
The largest of these nations (the Outworlds Alliance, Taurian Concordat, Magistracy of Canopus, and Rim Worlds Republic) predate the Star League and rival the Successor States themselves in size, but are vastly inferior economically and militarily.
The Periphery contains countless other independent nations, many consisting of a single star system each and rarely playing a significant role in Inner Sphere politics.
The mostly uncharted space beyond the nearby Periphery states is known as the Deep Periphery and contains numerous pirate havens and lost Star League colonies.
During the fall of the aforementioned Star League, the Star League Defense Force exiled itself and eventually settled in the Deep Periphery.
The four strongest of these Clans returned to the Inner Sphere as would-be conquerors in 3049, were reinforced by three more Clans a year later, and were joined in the late 3060s by another two.
Of the original twenty Clans, by 3067 three were absorbed, two were annihilated, two fragmented, two defected, and one was abjured.
Among the most famous mercenary groups are the Wolf's Dragoons, Eridani Light Horse, Kell Hounds, Northwind Highlanders, Gray Death Legion, and McCarron's Armored Cavalry.
In later years, FASA abandoned these images as a result of a lawsuit brought against them by Playmates Toys and Harmony Gold over the use of said images.
In 2007, Classic BattleTech line developer Randall N. Bills explained that FASA had sued Playmates over the use of images owned by FASA.
FASA realized that the use of licensed images made them vulnerable to lawsuits and worried that such a suit would bankrupt the company.
Anantakrishna Shahapur popularly known as Satyakama was a Kannada writer, Indian freedom fighter and a journalist who was born on 2 March 1920 in Galagali village of Bagalkot district, Karnataka.
The 2019-20 Army Black Knights men's ice hockey season was the 117th season of play for the program, the 110th at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
The wildlife of Christmas Island is composed of the flora and fauna of this isolated island in the tropical Indian Ocean.
The island is the flat summit of an underwater volcano more than high, with about being submerged and only about above the surface.
Two thirds of the island is included in the Christmas Island National Park which includes rainforests, wetlands, cliffs, shore and coral reefs.
The rainforest on the upper slopes and central plateau consists of large evergreen trees with a canopy at and a scattering of emergent trees some high.
There are few shrubs, but the trunks and branches of the trees are swathed in a tangle of vines, orchids and ferns.
There are at least 50 species on the island, some of them endemic, 30 of them terrestrial species whose only link with the ocean is the necessity to travel to the sea to breed.
Several are small and inconspicuous, but others such as the coconut crab and Christmas Island red crab are large and present in enormous numbers.
In the late twentieth century there were estimated to be about 120 million red crabs on the island, and the mass migration made by the mature individuals to the coast was spectacular.
The red crabs are a keystone species, feeding on the forest floor on leaves, fallen fruits, flowers, seedlings and carrion and maintaining a lawn-like turf.
In the twenty-first century the number of red crabs has reduced considerably because of the accidental introduction of the yellow crazy ant to the island; this invasive species has formed supercolonies, killed crabs and had a profound impact on the biodiversity of the island.
The island is fringed by coral reefs and nearly seven hundred species of marine fish have been recorded in the surrounding waters as well as three species of marine turtle and about a dozen species of whales and dolphins.
Christmas Island is recognised by BirdLife International as being an Important Bird Area, mostly because of the breeding populations of seabirds.
These include the red-footed booby, which nests in colonies in bushes and trees, the brown booby, which nests on cliffs, and the endemic Abbott's booby which nests on tall, emergent trees.
Land birds include four endemic species, the Christmas thrush, the Christmas imperial pigeon, the Christmas white-eye and the Christmas Island hawk-owl, and several endemic sub-species.
The film centres on Sarah (Clémence Dufresne-Deslières), a young con artist who regularly fakes a crisis on the side of the road so that she can rob men who stop to help her; however, after one of her cons results in a man's accidental death, she befriends the man's grieving widow Françoise (Sophie Lorain) while simultaneously trying to maintain her relationship with her crime boss Ji-Guy (Sébastien Ricard).
The film received two Prix Jutra nominations at the 15th Jutra Awards in 2013, for Best Supporting Actor (Ricard) and Best Supporting Actress (Lorain).
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. W. T. Flythe , wife of director of public relation JAJCC, and launched on 4 October 1944.
John Strode (c.1561-1642), of the Middle Temple, London and Chantmarle, Cattistock, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament for Bridport in 1621 and 1625.
Resilience in the Built Environment is the Built environment's capability to keep adapting to existing and emerging threats such as severe wind storms or earthquakes and creating robustness and redundancy in building design.
New implications of changing conditions on the efficiency of different approaches to design and planning can be addressed in the following term.
The root of the term resilience is found in the Latin term 'resilio' which means to go back to a state or to spring back.
The term was used to describe a property in the strength of timber, as beams were bent and deformed to support heavy load.
These definitions can be used in engineering resilience due to the application of a single material that has a stable equilibrium regime rather than the complex adaptive stability of larger systems.
In his paper Resilience and Stability of Ecological systems (1973), Holling first explored the topic of resilience through its application to the field of ecology.
The application to ecosystems was later used to draw into other manners of human, cultural and social applications.The random events described by Holling are not only climatic, but instability to neutral systems can occur through the impact of fires, the changes in forest community or the process of fishing.
Stability, on the other hand, is the ability of a system to return to an equilibrium state after a temporary disturbance.
Multiple state systems and conditions rather than objects should be studied as the world is a heterogeneous space with various biological, physical and chemical characteristics.
Unlike material and engineering resilience, Ecological and social resilience focus on the redundancy and persistence of multi-equilibrium states to maintain existence of function.
Within this framework, resilience is calculated based on the time it takes a system to return to a single state equilibrium.
also known as adaptive resilience, social-ecological resilience is a new concept that shifts the focus to combining the social, ecological and technical domains of resilience.
In adaptive buildings, both short term and long term resilience are addressed to ensure that the system can withstand disturbances with social and physical capacities.
Laboy and Fannon recognize that the resilience model is shifting, and have applied the MCEER four properties of resilience to the planning, designing and operating phases of architecture.
Rather than using four properties to describe resilience, Laboy and Fannon suggest a 6R model that adds Recovery for the operation phase of a building and Risk Avoidance for the planning phase of the building.
In the operation phase of the building, a disturbance does not mark the end of resilience, but should propose a recovery plan for future adaptations.
The most recent International Building Code (IBC)was released in 2018 by the International Code Council (ICC), focusing on standards that protect public health, safety and welfare, without restricting use of certain building methods.
Shocks are natural forms of hazards (floods, earthquakes), while stresses are more chronic events that can develop over a longer period of time (affordability, drought).
It is important to understand the application of resilient design on both shocks and stresses as buildings can play a part in contributing to their resolution.
Even though the IBC is a model code, it is adopted by various state and governments to regulate specific building areas.
In addition, the safety of a structure is determined by material usage, frames, and structure requirements can provide a high level of protection for occupants.
The U.S Resiliency Council (USRC), a non-profit organization, created the USRC Rating system which describes the expected impacts of a natural disaster on new and existing buildings.
The USRC building rating system rates buildings with stars ranging from one to five stars based on the dimensions used in their systems.
In addition to the technical review provided by the USRC, A CRP seismic analysis applies for a USRC rating with the required documentation.
The USRC building rating system does not take into consideration any changes to the design of the building that might occur after the rating is awarded.
In addition, changes in the uses of the building after certification might include the use of hazardous materials would not affect the rating certification of the building.
In 2013, The 100 Resilient Cities Program was initiated by the Rockefeller foundation, with the goal to help cities become more resilient to physical, social and economic shocks and stresses.
The program helps facilitate the resilience plans in cities around the world through access to tools, funding and global network partners such as ARUP and the AIA.
Of 1,000 cities that applied to join the program, only 100 cities were selected with challenges ranging from aging populations, cyber attacks, severe storms and drug abuse.
The authors found that the program broadens the scope and improved the Resilience plan of Rotterdam by including access to water, data, clean air, cyber robustness, and safe water.
The findings of the article can support the understanding of resiliency at a larger urban scale that requires an integrated approach with coordination across multiple government scales, time scales and fields.
In addition to integrating resiliency into building code and building certification programs, the 100 resilience Cities program provides other support opportunities that can help increase awareness through non-profit organizations.
RELi is a design criteria used to develop resilience in multiple scales of the built environment such as buildings, neighborhoods and infrastructure.
The first version of RELi was released in 2014, it is currently still in the pilot phase, with no points allocated for specific credits.
The RELi Catalog considers multiple scales of intervention with requirements for a panoramic approach, risk adaptation & mitigation for acute events and a comprehensive adaptation & mitigation for the present and future.
References to other rating systems that have been used can help increase awareness on RELi and its credibility of its use.
The pilot credits are found in the Integrative Process category and are applicable to all Building Design and Construction rating systems.
LEED credits overlap with RELi rating system credits, the USGBC has been refining RELi to better synthesize with the LEED resilient design pilot credits.
For example, earthquakes that took place in the Wenchuan County in 2008, lead to major landslides which relocated entire city district such as Old Beichuan.
It is difficult to discuss the concepts of resilience and sustainability in comparison due to the various scholarly definitions that have been used in the field over the years.
Many policies and academic publications on both topics either provide their own definitions of both concepts or lack a clear definition of the type of resilience they seek.
Sanchez et al proposed a new characterization of the term ‘sustainable resilience’ which expands the social-ecological resilience to include more sustained and long-term approaches.
Both concepts share essential assumptions and goals such as passive survivability and persistence of a system operation over time and in response to disturbances.
There is also a shared focus on climate change mitigation as they both appear in larger frameworks such as Building Code and building certification programs.
For example, in RELi and in LEED and other building certifications, providing access to safe water and an energy source is crucial before, during and after a disturbance.
Some forms of resilience such as adaptive resilience focus on designs that can adapt and change based on a shock event, on the other hand, sustainable design focuses on systems that are efficient and optimized.
The 2020 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Southern Ontario, was held from January 27 to February 1 at the Ed Lumley Arena in Cornwall, Ontario.
Rachel Homan's rink from the Ottawa Curling Club completed their perfect undefeated run when they defeated Hollie Duncan's rink from the Royal Canadian Curling Club 7–6.
Nine teams will qualify from two cash spiels (two each), an open qualifier (two teams), plus the top three southern Ontario teams in the CTRS standings (as of December 1, 2019).
Originally the event was to have just eight teams, but CurlON decided on December 9, 2019 to expand the field to nine teams with the addition of one team qualifying through their CTRS ranking.
The Annick Water flows between the village of Perceton and the hamlet of Lawthorn, however, the OS map shows that the hamlet was subsumed into the village of Perceton by 1895 and lost much of its identity.
A toll house once stood near Lawthorn Cottage facing the bridge over the Annick Water; it became the property of the Earl of Eglinton after toll roads were abolished in the 1880s and local councils took over responsibility.
The Barony of Stane, St Bride's Kirk and Bourtreehill passed by marriage in 1508 of Elizabeth Francis, the sole heiress, to William Montgomery of Greenfield, third son of the 1st Earl of Eglinton.
The tower has been much altered with Gothic windows added when the building was altered to become a folly on the Eglinton Estate.
The coat of arms of the Montgomery's of Stane and Greenfield were placed on the tower, being the same as those of Eglinton, but with 'proper distinction'.
The 1858 OS map marks the site of a nearby cemetery and an intriguing subterranean passage or vault four feet below the surface; nothing is visible at the site today.
A small village once existed here and Stanecastle may have been the site of a nunnery before it became the home of the Francis family.
Regarded as a large and prehistoric cairn or barrow, a type of tumulus, a burial mound dating within the time period approximately 1300–700 BC, the Bronze Age.
It is the highest point in the locality and its prominence is in keeping with barrows, cairns and other such burial sites.
The name 'Lawthorn' is suggestive of a secondary use as court hill or justice hill, which is the strong local oral tradition.
The many 'Law Hills' in Scotland are considered to be ancient seats of justice where feudal justice was dispensed, investitures confirmed and other courts held before tolbooths were built.
Stanecastle was the caput of the Barony of Stane and Lawthorn Mount may have been the location where the baronial court convened.
No 'gallows' place-names are recorded for the vicinity however the Annick Water is nearby regarding judicial drownings of females as per the power of 'pit and gallows' then held by the laird or baron.
It measures 21 paces in diameter at the base, in diameter at the top and high; is largely composed of boulders and one particularly large boulder of graywacke stone, long, is partially buried on the top edge facing south, above any possible kerb stones.
The significance of this distinctive stone is unknown, however, the name 'stone' for the barony, the nearby place-names 'Stonemuir' and 'Lawthorn Mickle Stone' are suggestive a fallen or deliberately levelled standing stone.
Given that the name 'William Frawnces de le Stane' is recorded from 1407 the place-name 'Stane' is unlikely to refer to the castle itself being built of stone to replace an earlier wooden one.
Lawthorn Mount has also have been as the possible site of an early castle constructed from wood although no physical evidence has been found as yet to corroborate this.
This much disturbed mound is clearly artificial and its size has been confused by a surrounding protective bank suggestive of a roundel created as part of landscaping works.
A Cairnmount Plantation is located nearby to the north and a modern Cairnmount has been built on an artificial mound at Sourlie in Eglinton Country Park.
The elm trees that were once common have died through Dutch elm disease however they have been left and their trunks encourage fungus growth and also provide nesting sites for bats and birds, including great spotted woodpecker.
Standing water in a hollow adds to the species diversity of the site, including a locally uncommon plant, the water figwort.
Parts of this wood survive with a number of old trees, running as far as the main road and bordering Lawthorn Primary School.
In 1855-57 it was described as a good farm steading with outer buildings used as offices and the tenant under the Earl of Eglinton was a James Dunlop.
Littlestone or Littlestane Farm stood on a lane off the western side of the nearby road and is shown as such in 1856.
A Stone Farm once stood opposite Lawthorn Wood and is recalled by inference in the names 'Littlestane' and the old Littlestane Loch.
William Roy's map published in 1752-55 shows Stone Farm lying in between Lawthorn Farm and Littlestone Farm with several buildings and hedged enclosures approached by a lane branching off the road to Stanecastle.
Stone Farm is still shown in 1826 but is not indicated on the 1856 OS map The site of the old Stane Farm is today marked by rubble, a building platform, field boundaries and the line of an entrance lane.
One may be 'Lawthorn' and the other 'Stane' The use of the name 'mickle' in farming usually refers to the larger of the two farms made up of unequal portions of an older area of land following the agricultural reconstruction of the 18th century as was the case on the Eglinton Estates as introduced by Alexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton.
He is a longtime producer and head writer for the program, who was sometimes heard on the air as a fill-in announcer when prior co-host Jeff Douglas was absent.
The 2020 Ontario Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship for Southern Ontario, is currently being held January 28 to February 2 at the Ed Lumley Arena in Cornwall, Ontario.
Nine teams will qualify from two cash spiels (two each), an open qualifier (two teams), plus the top two southern Ontario teams in the CTRS standings (as of December 1, 2019).
Originally the event was to have just eight teams, but CurlON decided on December 9, 2019 to expand the field to nine teams with the addition of one team qualifying through their CTRS ranking.
This is a reduction from the ten teams which played in the 2019 Tankard, making the number of entries equal to the provincial Scotties.
Fabio Fabbi was an Italian painter born in Bologna 18 July 1861 and died in Casalecchio di Reno 24 September 1946, student from Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, his paintings belong to the Orientalism.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Evelyn Marshall, wife of regional MARCOM auditor, and launched on 10 October 1944.
She continues the work started by her son, Rohith Vemula (leader of Ambedkar Students' Association), who committed suicide in the University of Hyderabad in 2016.
Queering the Map is a community-based online collaborative and counter-mapping platform on which users submit their personal queer experiences to specific locations on a single collective map.
LaRochelle has cited the lasting impact of personal memories on their perceptions towards places and Sara Ahmed's ideas on queerness as an orientation towards space as influences behind the project.
LaRochelle has stated that their main intent for initiating the project was to archive these spaces, which transcend the traditional notion of queer spaces as fixed places (like businesses or neighborhoods) that are reclaimed by clearly defined communities.
The same month, a cyberattack generating pins with comments in support of U.S. president Donald Trump forced LaRochelle to take down the site and ask for help on its URL.
Over the next two months, 8 volunteers developed a more secure version of the site on GitHub, and the project qualified for Cloudflare's free Project Galileo cybersecurity service.
Lucas LaRochelle has been invited to give lectures and workshops on and around the project in Canada, the Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Switzerland and the U.S., including at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York, the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus's School of Architecture in San Juan and the OTHERWISE festival in Zurich.
It was announced ahead of the 2018 Geneva Motor Show by TCR promoter WSC Ltd. As of December 2019, three manufacturers are lined up as entrancts SEAT performance brand CUPRA, Hyundai and Alfa Romeo.
Richard Vernon Moore Sr. (November 20, 1906 – January 2, 1994) was an American educator, who served as the third president of Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida (1947–75).
Moore commenced his career as an instructor of Social Studies and Coach of Athletics at Pinellas High School in Clearwater, Florida (1932-34), after which he was appointed the principal of Union Academy in Tarpon Springs, Florida (1934-37), then principal of Booker T. Washington High School in Pensacola, Florida (1944-45) and Florida's first African-American Supervisor of Secondary Schools for Negros.
Moore was awarded honorary doctoral degrees from fourteen different universities, including Edward Waters College (1948), Knoxville College (1950), Morris Brown College (1969), Syracuse University (1969), Claflin College (1969), Jacksonville University (1970), Ohio Northern University (1971), Florida Institute of Technology (1972), Florida International University (1972), Bethune-Cookman College (1973), Rust College (1974), Florida Southern College (1975), Florida Atlantic University (1975) and University of Florida (1983).
In 2000 he was honored with the designation as a Great Floridian, and his memorial plaque is located in the front of the Richard V. Moore Community Center, Daytona Beach, Florida.
In the men's 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup total score, for each participating athlete the points earned in all Individual, Sprint, Pursuit and Mass start competitions held during the season are added up with the two lowest scores subtracted at the end of the season to give that athlete's final score.
This includes the results from the Biathlon World Championships 2020 (held between the World Cup stages in Pokljuka and Nové Město).
In each event places 1 to 40 (1 to 30 in a Mass start) are awarded points, a victory being worth 60 points.
In a Mass start event only 30 athletes are allowed to participate and the points awarded for ranks 22 to 30 differ from the system used in other events.
An athlete's total World Cup Score is the sum of all World Cup points earned in the season, minus the points from 2 events in which the athlete got their worst scores.
If this number is the same for the athletes in question, the number of second places is compared, and so on.
Sébastien Ricard (born May 25, 1972) is a Canadian musician and actor from Quebec most noted as a member of the hip hop band Loco Locass.
She was named after Samuel G. Howe, a nineteenth century American physician, abolitionist, and an advocate of education for the blind.
Charles Kenneth Heiden (born July 7, 1925) was a major general in the United States Army, who served as the Commanding General of Fort Dix from 1980 to 1981.
Fatima Talib (, born 1 January 1928) is a Sudanese educator and women's rights activist who organised the first women-only organisation in Sudan.
In order to function, the society needed the support of the British authorities, so was advertised solely as a social concern, however it had political undertones.
She was educated at Unity High School in Khartoum and from there was the first woman from Sudan to obtain a degree London University.
From a young age she wanted to be a singer, but her family were opposed to this and married her to a cousin, who she later divorced so she follow a career in music.
She moved to Khartoum when she was fourteen-years old to do this and soon after her arrival, her singing voice was in demand for wedding parties.
Her work developed into the wider role of the ghanaya - a woman who is responsible for getting a bride ready for marriage, including teaching the bride to dance, bathing and massaging them and passing on information about sexual relations.
There are two rumours about why her name changed: one that she was given the nickname by British authorities as she was demonstrating in every major town; the other that her voice was likened to a specific type of palm tree.
She was arrested by the British government on several occasions, as well as being shot when Al-Azari raised the new Sudanese flag.
Along with Hasan Khalifa al-Atbarawi, she was arrested on the eve of the revolution in 1956 for singing nationalist songs at the Labour Theatre in Atbara and jailed for three months.
She had her front teeth knocked out by British troops whilst participating in a demonstration with the wife of Sudanese revolutionist Ali Abdel Latif.
She sang for a variety of famous people including Yasser Arafat, and sang at the wedding of King Farouk of Egypt and Narriman Sadek.
She was an exponent of the important role television and radio could play in people's lives, particularly in bridging gaps between generations.
As one of the last survivors of the revolution, she became a spokesperson for it, presenting television shows and receiving honours from Omar al-Bashir.
The flag was used from 1956 to 1970, but had a recent surge in popularity on social media in the 2019 revolution, with popular feeling wanting a new and more representative flag for the country.
Al-Tagtaga's mixture of political song and protest has inspired new generations of women in Sudan, recently the civil rights campaigner Alaa Salah recited poetry in the front of a crowd of protesters in Sudan.
This is a new chapter in a long tradition of Sudanese women singing poems of praise and lament in order to boost moral, honour the dead or to defy rulers.
NXT TakeOver: Tampa Bay is an upcoming professional wrestling show and WWE Network event produced by WWE for their NXT brand.
TakeOver is a series of professional wrestling shows that began on May 29, 2014, as the WWE developmental territory NXT held their second WWE Network exclusive live broadcast billed as TakeOver.
The men's 800 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 13, 14 and 15 October.
The Baptistère de Saint Louis is an object of Islamic art, made of hammered brass, and inlaid with silver, gold, and niello.
Despite its common name, it has no connection with the King of France Louis IX, known as Saint Louis (1226 - 1270).It was used as a baptismal font for future French Kings, making it an important Islamic and French historical object.
The origins and original purpose of the basin are not fully known, since the first record of the object was in a French church inventory.
It was possibly used as a ritual washing bowl at the Mamluk court or it could have been commissioned by a Christian patron.
The Baptistère de Saint Louis has a complicated visual program on the interior and exterior, depicting a number of different groups of people, a wide variety of animals, fish, plants, and Arabic inscriptions.
Due to the ambiguous history of the basin, the meaning of the iconography, the exact date and location of its creation, and sponsorship is still being debated by scholars.
The conditions of commissioning and production of the object are still unknown, as is the date and context of its arrival in France.
It does not appear on the inventory of goods Charles V erected before 1380, but it is mentioned around 1440 in an unpublished inventory of the treasure of the Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes.
He then goes on to describe the Persian or Chinese figures throughout the basin as well as the variety of animals represented throughout the inner frieze.
The same author recognizes many Western characters; he believes that the four horsemen present in the medallions outside indicate the years of conflict between the sultans and the Franks.
Milin also raises the possibility of an earlier arrival in France, linked to the Embassy of Harun al-Rashid to Charlemagne at the beginning of the 10th century.
The work also presents rather imprecise engravings, but which show that the object has not undergone major modification since that time, with the exception of the addition of two plates to the arms of France in 1821, a date in which the object is used to baptise the Duke of Bordeaux.
It left the museum temporarily in 1856 to serve in Notre Dame at the baptismal ceremony of Prince Napoleon Eugene; this is the last time this basin was used as a baptismal object.
Barbet de Jouy calls into question the dating proposed before and puts forward the hypothesis of a work reported in France around 1150.
He discovered the origin of the false date of Piganiol, refutes the idea that the work served at the baptism of St. Louis, and sees a work of the first half of the 13th century, because of fleur-de-lys which seem to have been added in the 13th or 14th century in Europe.
In 1930, a stylistic analysis by Mehmet Aga Oglu is the first to recognize the baptistry as a work of Syrian workshop, and the date of the first quarter of the 14th century.
Nine years later, at the time of the German invasion, the basin was made safe in the Chambord castle by conservationists John David-Weill and David Storm Rice, who was then in Paris to study.
It has decoration depicting human figures both internally and externally, which is characterized by a great diversity of characters, in their clothing, their physical appearance and their postures.
Rice, this decoration would be oriented along an axis passing through the silver under the rim of the basin and a characteristic armor.
Outside, the decoration occupies the lower part of the basin; it consists of a main register with friezes of characters interrupted by four medallions, bordered by two friezes of running animals, interrupted by four medallions bearing a fleur-de-lys heraldry.
Inside, the decor unfolds in the upper part in the form of a large register decorated with horsemen, interrupted by four medallions: two with a throne scene, two with arms.
The bottom of the basin is also decorated, on the periphery, with a frieze of lancets, and inside a multitude of aquatic animals.
On the other hand, their horses are all harnessed in the same way: a net, a saddle with stirrups, a cover more or less long on the rump, a martingale and ornate buttocks.
The characters on foot, in the same way, are distinguished by the diversity of their postures, their clothing, and their accessories.
Medallions I and III each have in their center a shield left blank until 1821, and then covered with a coat of arms and surrounded by plant motifs where five five-petalled flowers inlaid with gold can be seen.
These standing figures are dressed in a long mantle, and probably received a headdress in the form of a band, disappeared; on their boots are symbols: two dots and a drop.
One of them (medallion II, on the left, bears a mustache, a goatee and dots on the face); the others are hairless.
The face of one of the sovereigns (Medallion II) has disappeared; the other (medallion IV) also has a mustache and goatee, as well as a monobrow.
Between the medallions, four sets of three riders take place: two hunting scenes (I1, I4) and two war scenes (I2, I3).
Subsequently, he creates the next layer of decorative metal by dividing the surface of the basin into divisions, then drawing the figures and foliage.
The final step is coating the bowl with bituminous black material, which enhances the engravings, highlights the contours, and creates contrasts.
This technique appears in Islamic lands in the 12th century, probably in eastern Iran, before spreading quickly to the Syrian world.
The Mamluks, who came to power in 1250, adopted this tradition amd produced works of great luxury in the Bahrite period (1250-1382).
This phenomenon of theft and loss took place mainly at the end of the 14 century, when the precious metals were scarce.
Although coppersmiths appear to sign their work more so than other artisans, they were still considered to be artisans of secondary status, unlikely to attract the attention of their contemporary scholars.
Basins with flared edges had existed since the Ayyubid period: for example, the Arenberg Basin, dated around 1247-1249 and preserved at the Freer Gallery of Art, or the basin in the name of Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyub preserved in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo.
With its strongly streamlined profile, angularity, as well as its remarkable dimensions, the Baptistery of Saint Louis moves away from this type.
It belongs to a group of basins of similar shape and size, 50 of which two bear the name of Sultan An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qala'un, one is dedicated to a Sultan of Yemen and another was made to Hugh IV of Lusignan.
There is another basin also very close in form and decoration, but is unfinished probably because of a technical accident (a crack in the background) and is kept at the LA Mayer Memorial in Jerusalem, and was attributed to Muhammad ibn al-Zayn by Jonathan M. Bloom.
All the frieze animals are traditional species in the arts of middle east: all are found, for example, in the copies of Ibn Bakhtishu's Manafi al-Hayawan.
In particular, the unicorn chasing the elephant is a recurrent theme of Islamic art, which echoes legends reported by al-Jahiz and al-Qazwini in particular; it is found on lustrous tiles in the thirteenth century in Iran and on bas-reliefs in Konya during the same period.
In the same way, the association between the griffin and the sphinx is well established at the time of the creation of the Baptistery.
Only the serpentine dragon could have been a novelty tbat arrived in Egypt with the Mongol invasion; however, they are found in the Syrian zone from the Seljuk period.
Rounds of fish including other animals become a motif according to E. Baer at the beginning of the fourteenth century, as shown by an Iranian brass inlaid metal bowl, dated around 1305.
Several elements would indicate a certain sense of humor on the part of the artist, such as the absurd inscription on the flat, or the presence of a small rabbit represented from the front, for short, which seems to look directly at the viewer.
In Ayyubid metals, as on the Basin of Sultan al-'Adil II signed by al-Dhaki, the foliage - as well as the calligraphy of the signature - are very similar to those on the Baptistery.
The tall-stemmed flowers bearing rows of leaves fare parallel to Baghdad's painting of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, such as the Pseudo-Galian's Book of Antidotes, which dates to 1199.
Brought by the Mongol invasions, the group of metalworks (except those of LA Mayer) have a large number of peony flowers in particular.
The only peonies of the Baptistery are present on a napkin worn by a character, which could demonstrate his Mongol origin.
The five-petalled florets surrounding the blazons in the internal medallions find immediate parallels in the medallions of the other basins in the group.
But the most unusual missing element on the Baptistery is the absence of a large inscription in Thuluth, characteristic of the art of this period.
The other basins of the group, with the exception of that of the L. A. Mayer collection, that are unfinished and undated still have large Thuluth inscriptions.
J. M. Bloom as R. Ward and S. Makariou both note this incongruity; R. Ward and S. Makariou argue it could be due to Christian ownership of the Baptistery.
Most researchers, including DS Rice, agree that some of the scenes depicted specific events, while some elements, such as genuflection, have no equivalent in other Islamic art and might be purely decorative.
However, Rachel Ward argues against this interpretation by pointing out that Mamluks do not have a tradition of portraiture or 'history painting' in their metal art, and that such representation would be inconceivable without an inscription that identifies the scene.
She also believes that looking to date the basin based on the costumes represented is absurd, as Mamluk artists worked more abstractly rather than direct representation.
D. Rice argues, based on the difference in clothing and physical characters of the external friezes, contrasts with the traditional Mamluk costume, that two the basin depicts two distinct groups: panels E1 and E3 depict Turkish emirs and panels E2 and E4 depict Arab servants.
Among the emirs, one could be Salar because of his coat of arms, but because of some of the figures around him, like the huntsman (fahhad), the cheetah, and the falconer (bâzyâr) all associated with emirship.
The medallions with the scenes of throne might have no particular meaning; on the other hand, there would be narrative continuity between the battle scenes, the severed head being that of the character struck in the previous banner.
E. Knauer supports his point by looking at the unusual character of the double coat of arms; he identifies the lion-shaped one at Baybars, and evokes the idea that the tamga-shaped one would be that of the young circumcised, Berke.
For her, each rider in the medallions represents an aspect of the furusiyya, an equestrian art highly valued in the Mamluk period; the entire Baptistery would be an evocation of tournaments (maydân) taking place during ceremonies at the time of Sultan Baybars.
By his identification of Salar as an emissary represented and sponsor of the work, D. S. Rice proposes a date between 1290-1310 .
A stylistic comparison with a bowl kept in the Berlin museum and made for Emir Sumul, companion of Salar, allows him to support his hypothesis.
E. Knauer and D. Behrens-Abouseif, identify the scenes as related to the life of Baybars I, argue for an older dating in the third quarter of the thirteenth century.
On the contrary, R. Ward believes that the Baptistery is an early example of Venetian-Saracenic metal, made in Syria for a European sponsor in the mid-fourteenth century.
According to her; on the contrary, the absence of monumental inscriptions to the titles of a major character shows that this is a work done for a foreign sponsor because it would be labelled if it was meant for local nobility.
In the same way, the signatures and the annexed inscriptions would be only a decorative tool, because they would not have been appreciated by a sponsor unable to read Arabic.
The shield shape that was kept free of metal and the use of the rampant lion flag (the Lusignans symbol) indicates a European sponsor since there were no comparable Islamic symbols.
The dating proposed between 1325 and 1360 is based essentially on the gradual approximation of the age of Baptistery within the group of basins already mentioned, and with a corresponding group of manuscripts made in Damascus between 1334 and 1360.
This hypothesis could be reinforced by the existence, in Damascus, of an iron gate dated 1340–59, which contains the name Muhammad ibn al-Zayn; however, the identification of the author of the Baptistery with that of the grates of Damascus remains questionable, because it would then be a unique example of an unusual artist who worked both iron and brass metal inlay works.
In 1998 she moved to Wellington and joined Radio New Zealand as a senior reporter, and in 2000 became the political editor.
This group contributes to the continuity and development of the Egyptian and regional feminist movement in the Middle East and North Africa.
The group provides support in relation to gender-based violence and discrimination as well as gender equality and women's presence in the public sphere.
Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) working in Nazra face strong traditional and patriarchal structures which make campaigning against gender violence and inequality very difficult.
The group has documented many cases of violations against women in which members of the police and medical personnel engaged in victim-blaming or caused further discrimination or harm when the original rights violations were reported.
Having received the Charlotte Bunch Award for her work on Women's Human Rights in 2013, a travel ban order was imposed on her in 2016, which prevented her from leaving Egypt.
She has received the Right Livelihood Award, known as the Alternative Nobel Prize, for her work on women's human rights and is a board member of the Global Fund for Women.
The Nazra worker's case is part of a wider movement of human rights groups who are making public their fear of a #aShutteredPublicSphere.
Later she received National Diploma of Plastic Art Studies (1994) and National Superior Diploma of Plastic Expression (1996) from Graduate School of Decorative Arts of Strasbourg.
Boch uses road maps, aerial views, topographic surveys and entire iconography of locating, measing and recording the territory as a raw material for her artworks.
As a painter she mixes the colors on her palette to get the desired tone, like a sculptor she takes pieces of the material to give the substance a form.
The tension of the threads hardens the folds and paper turns into sculpture, reinforced with a frosting of sugar or varnish.
Tension of the material is used as a metaphor of world’s tension shaken by migratory crisis, rise of extremes, wars and global warming.
For Boch, born in Alsace border region of parents from both countries, geographical borders in her works is a paradoxical space, both marginal and central, a space of closure and encounter.
Boch’s work was featured in numerous exhibitions at key galleries and museums, including the Galerie Christian Berst, Paris and the Galerie Sébastien Bertrand, Rue de l'Evêché among others.
Her works are in public collections of Frac Picardie and PACA, Municipal Fund of the City of Paris (FMAC) and the Georges Pompidou Center, as well as in several renowned private collections.
The flowers are in pairs and are pink with a dark purple centre, and flowering occurs from October to May, with fruiting from November to June.
Ivan Parfenievich Borodin (30 January 1847 - 5 March 1930) was a Russian botanist, academician, and the founding president of the Russian Botanical Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Ernest Alfred James (1 November 1893 – December 1963) was an accountant, newspaper proprietor and politician in the Territory of Papua New Guinea.
However, in June 1959, he and the two other elected members resigned from the council in protest at the introduction of income tax in the territory.
He later retired to the Yeronga area of Brisbane in Australia, where he died at home in December 1963 at the age of 70.
It runs an annual Meals on Wheels Week in November each year which is intended to show how meals on wheels services can prevent malnutrition and reduce isolation, particularly among elderly people, and an annual award ceremony.
In 2017 the association published a guide for members about the Care Quality Commission's fundamental standards, focussing on the role of good nutrition and hydration in quality care and the records, observations and statements that inspectors look for during an inspection.
It was one of the supporters of an open letter to Theresa May in 2019 warning that a no-deal Brexit would threaten the viability of food banks.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The complex includes ten professional tracks for oval track racing, drifting, rally-cross and motocross, and karting, as well a center for emergency management.
The largest grandstand of the main circuit racing will accommodate five thousand people, and the total capacity of the circuit is fifty thousand people.
An agreement was also signed with organisers of the FIA World Rallycross Championship to host the World RX of Russia in 2020.
The China-Central and Eastern Europe Investment Cooperation Fund (China-CEE Fund) is the investment component of the 17+1 framework, a diplomatic initiative to enhance cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, a region in China's Belt and Road Initiative.
While the China-CEE Fund is supported by the Export Import Bank of China, a policy bank, the Sino-CEEF Fund is backed by seed money from ICBC, a Chinese state owned commercial bank.
The first feature film written and directed by an indigenous filmmaker from Quebec, the film stars Victor Andrés Trelles Turgeon as Dave, a young man of Innu origin who was adopted by parents who raised him with no connection to his First Nations heritage.
He receives an unexpected invitation to return home to his birthplace, only to learn that he was invited because his birth mother Gertrude (Kathia Rock) is about to marry Claude (Marco Collin), the corrupt band chief who is taking kickbacks from a forestry company to support a logging development on the band's land.
Meanwhile, he befriends Osalic (Ève Ringuette), a young woman in the community who is being victimized by sexual abuse, and tries to help her achieve her dream of escaping the community for a better life.
Its cast also includes musician Florent Vollant in a small role as a homeless man; some of Vollant's music is used in the film's soundtrack.
The film won three awards at the 2012 American Indian Film Festival, for Best Film, Best Actor (Trelles Turgeon) and Best Actress (Ringuette).
It was first awarded at the 20th Mnet Asian Music Awards ceremony held in 2018; the group BTS won the award.
Houssem Eddine Sdiri (born 21 August 1987) is a Tunisian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Saudi Arabian club Ohod.
The 2014 Men's Junior AHF Cup was the fourth edition of the Men's Junior AHF Cup, the qualification tournament for the men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup organized by the Asian Hockey Federation.
The women's long jump event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 13 and 14 October.
In 2004, he became the Deputy Director for the Public Defender Service overseeing a staff of 220 people including 110 attorneys.
Born and raised in Boise, Idaho, Iversen continued her education studying philosophy at the University of California, Davis, where she also started her radio career at KDVS and played in jazz bands as a drummer.
In January 2020 she collaborated with Gabbard's presidential campaign in the live streaming of a panel discussion with Stephen Kinzer and Dennis Kucinich on the Iran–United States relations.
Iversen moved to New York City in 2006 and freelanced as a news reporter for News 12 Networks and as a VJ for Concert TV.
The show invited listeners to phone in about the topics or ask for advice from Iversen about their love lives, though Iversen never described herself as an expert.
Later in 2019 she was one of thirty Serena Shim Award for Uncompromised Integrity in Journalism laureates sponsored by a Pro-Assad lobby group, and got a silver creator award for more than 100K subscribers.
This is a list of aviation accidents and incidents that were caused by terrorism such as hijacking or bombing or shoot down.
It disintegrated in midair en route from Montreal to London, at an altitude of 31,000 feet (9,400 m) over the Atlantic Ocean, as a result of the explosion from a bomb planted by Canadian Sikh terrorists.
The remnants of the airliner fell into the ocean approximately 120 miles (190 km) west-southwest of the southwest tip of Ireland, killing all aboard: 329 people, including 268 Canadian citizens, 27 British citizens and 24 Indian citizens.
The bombing of Air India Flight 182 is the largest mass killing in Canadian history, the deadliest aviation accident in the history of Air India and was the deadliest act of aviation terrorism until the 11 September attacks in 2001.
Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York.
On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew in what became known as the Lockerbie bombing.
American Airlines Flight 11 was a domestic passenger flight that was hijacked by five al-Qaeda members on September 11, 2001, as part of the September 11 attacks.
Mohamed Atta deliberately crashed the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing all 92 people aboard and an unknown number in the building's impact zone.
The aircraft involved, a Boeing 767-223ER, registration was flying American Airlines' daily scheduled morning transcontinental service from Logan International Airport in Boston to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles.
United Airlines Flight 175 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Logan International Airport, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Los Angeles International Airport, in Los Angeles, California.
On September 11, 2001, the Boeing 767–200 operating the route was hijacked by five al-Qaeda terrorists and was deliberately crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing all 65 people aboard and an unconfirmed number in the building's impact zone.
Approximately thirty minutes into the flight, the hijackers forcibly breached the cockpit and overpowered the pilot and first officer, allowing lead hijacker and trained pilot Marwan al-Shehhi to take over the controls.
Unlike Flight 11, which turned its transponder off, the aircraft's transponder was visible on New York Center's radar, and the aircraft deviated from the assigned flight path for four minutes before air traffic controllers noticed these changes at 08:51 EDT.
Unknown to the hijackers, several passengers and crew aboard made phone calls from the plane to family members and provided information about the hijackers and injuries suffered by passengers and crew.
American Airlines Flight 77 was a scheduled American Airlines domestic transcontinental passenger flight from Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia, to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.
The Boeing 757-223 aircraft serving the flight was hijacked by five Saudi men affiliated with al-Qaeda on September 11, 2001, as part of the September 11 attacks.
They deliberately crashed the plane into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C., killing all 64 people on board, including the five hijackers and six crew, as well as 125 people in the building.
Less than 35 minutes into the flight, the hijackers stormed the cockpit and forced the passengers, crew, and pilots to the rear of the aircraft.
The park contains a bench for each of the victims, arranged according to their year of birth, ranging from 1930 to 1998.
United Airlines Flight 93 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight that was hijacked by four al-Qaeda terrorists on board, as part of the September 11 attacks.
The aircraft involved, a Boeing 757–222, was flying United Airlines' daily scheduled morning flight from Newark International Airport in New Jersey to San Francisco International Airport in California.
Ziad Jarrah, who had trained as a pilot, took control of the aircraft and diverted it back toward the east coast, in the direction of Washington, D.C., the U.S. capital.
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, considered principal instigators of the attacks, have claimed that the intended target was the U.S. Capitol Building.
Ivan Mikhailovich Grevs (; 4 May 1860 – 16 May 1941) was a Russian historian and one of the founders of the Russian school of medievalism that emphasised the influence of the Roman Empire on the social structure of medieval Europe.
It is the only racing circuit in Greece that meets the construction specifications of the International Automobile Federation - FIA and of the International Motorcycling Federation - FIM.
Flight Officer John Lyle (1920-2019) from Bronx, New York, was World War II pilot and a member of the famed group of World War II-era African-Americans known as the Tuskegee Airmen.
His wife Eunice said that his dying wish was to sit and watch the waves of Lake Michigan at Jackson Park Harbor Yacht Club.
Ákos Zuigéber (born 8 November 2002) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Nemzeti Bajnokság II side MTK Budapest.
Ákos Zuigéber is a U17 international with Hungary, having allowed his team to qualify for both European championship and U17 World cup.
The regiment was an atypical unit of the Italian Army: formed without a sister regiment from partisan formations it was the only infantry regiment to be formed by the army after World War II and was the only unit, whose members wore a red tie with their formal uniform.
On 10 October the division entered the 2nd Corps of Tito's National Liberation Army and on 13 October 1943 the division began an offensive against Wehrmacht forces in Brodarevo, Murina, Berane e Kolašin.
The division tried to reach Kotor to be evacuated, but in heavy combat lost about half its strength of 14,000 men.
The division consisted of three brigades of 5,000 men each, with the remaining Italians, mostly artillery, signals, engineer, and medical specialists, becoming instructors.
Integrated into the Partisan 2nd Corps the division fought in Yugoslavia until February 1945, when the remaining 3,800 troops were repatriated via the liberated Dubrovnik.
With the renaming the 182nd Garibaldi ceded its Alpini troops to the Alpini regiments that were forming and received infantry fusiliers instead.
At the same time the regiment ceased to wear the Cappello Alpino and began to wear a red tie with the formal uniform.
In 1949 the regiment moved to Sacile and on 12 October 1953 the regiment was awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for its service during World War II in Yugoslavia.
During 1958 the regiment disbanded its infantry battalions and received the I Bersaglieri Battalion and III Tank Battalion from the 1st Bersaglieri Regiment.
With the arrival of the XI Bersaglieri Battalion the three Silver Medals of Military Valour awarded during World War I to the battalion's predecessor unit, the XI Cyclists Battalion of the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment, were temporarily affixed to the flag of the 182nd regiment and added to the regiment's coat of arms.
The 11th Bersaglieri Battalion was named for the island of Caprera, where Giuseppe Garibaldi had spent the last years of his life.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
After it was reformed as armored infantry regiment the members of the regiment wore the gorget patches of the Bersaglieri and tank specialities.
He served as a member of parliament for the Akwamu constituency from 1965 to 1966 and the member of parliament for the Mid-Volta constituency from 1979 to 1981.
He also served as the Minister for Health from 1979 to 1981 and the Minister for Industry, Science and Technology from August 1981 to December 1981.
He had his middle school education at the Akropong-Akwapim Middle School and the Begoro Middle School from 1941 to 1942 and from 1942 to 1944 respectively.
He later had his post-secondary education at the Akropong Teacher Training College (now the Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong) where he obtained his Teachers' Certificate 'A'.
After a few years in the teaching profession he entered the University of Ghana, Legon graduating with a degree in History in 1959.
He was the first president and founder of the Students Historical Association at the University of Ghana he was also the founder and first secretary of the Akwamu Youth League 1958 (now Akwamu Students Union).
Ansah begun teaching at the Presbyterian Secondary School at Odumase Krobo until he was transferred to the Institute of Arts and Culture on 30 June 1962.
In September 1979 when the third republic was ushered in, he entered parliament representing the Mid-Volta constituency on the ticket of the People's National Party.
That same year, he was appointed Minister for Health and he remained in that post until he was moved to the Ministry for Industry, Science and Technology in 1981.
He served in that capacity until the Limann government was ousted by the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council on 31 December 1981.
Shine is a restaurant, bar, and distillery at the corner of Williams and Skidmore in north Portland, serving gin, vodka, and whiskey.
Lóránt Vincze is a Romanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania.
On 24 December 2004, a grenade attack was launched at the residence of Haque, the then president of District Mohila Awami League, while a meeting of the committee was being conducted.
Antonio Rodríguez Basulto (born 16 April 1945) is a Spanish politician and former President of La Rioja between January and May 1983.
He resigned the post after losing his seat in the 1982 Congress of Deputies election, as the condition of deputy was a requirement for maintaining the office of president.
An all-aluminum engine of Hyundai Motor Company debuted in the eighth-generation Hyundai Sonata sedan (codenamed DN8), which was unveiled in 2019 in South Korea.
The Smartstream G1.6 T-GDI is a turbocharged inline 4-cylinder engine with GDi that carries a bore and stroke of 75.6 mm and 89 mm respectively and a 10.5:1 compression ratio; the engine makes at 5,500 rpm and of torque between 1,500 and 4,500 rpm.
The Smartstream G2.0 MPi is an inline 4-cylinder engine with MPi; the engine makes at 6,500 rpm and of torque at 4,800 rpm.
The Smartstream G2.0 GDi HEV is an inline 4-cylinder engine with GDi; the gasoline engine makes and of torque, the electric motor makes and of torque for a total system output of .
The Smartstream L2.0 is similar to the G2.0 MPi but comes with a LPi injection instead, the engine makes at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,200 rpm.
The Smartstream G2.5 MPi is an inline 4-cylinder engine with MPi; the engine makes at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,000 rpm.
The Smartstream G2.5 GDi is an inline 4-cylinder engine with GDi and a 13.0:1 compression ratio; the engine makes at 6,100 rpm and of torque at 4,000 rpm in the Sonata, for the Azera and Cadenza the engine makes at 6,100 rpm and of torque at 4,000 rpm.
The Smartstream G2.5 FR T-GDi is an turbocharged inline 4-cylinder engine with both GDi and MPi and a 10.5:1 compression ratio; the engine makes at 6,000 rpm and of torque between 1,750 and 4,000 rpm.
The Smartstream G3.5 FR T-GDI is an turbocharged 6-cylinder engine with both GDi and MPi and a 11.0:1 compression ratio; the engine makes at 6,000 rpm and of torque between 1,500 and 4,500 rpm.
This engine is equipped with dual fuel injection technology that combines the advantages of the GDi system that directly injects fuel into the combustion chamber and the MPi system that injects the inlet port of the combustion chamber.
In addition, the water-cooled intercooler is applied to increase the unique responsiveness of the turbocharger, and at the same time, it is capable of dynamic performance under various environmental conditions.
The Smartstream D3.0 is an turbocharged inline 6-cylinder diesel engine; the engine makes at 3,750 rpm and of torque between 1,500 and 3,250 rpm.
Migration whether inside Sudan, or externally in a major theme in her research and she has worked on Sudanese migration to North America.
Her interest in Sudanese politics has led to a study of Abdel Khaliq Mahgoub, his role in the Sudanese Communist Party and his interpretation of Marxism.
She has published work on the lives of displaced women living in squatter settlements, as well as research on the migration of Sudanese women more generally.
Her work on colonial Sudan includes work on Dr Ina Beasley, who was Controller of Girls' Education in the Anglo-Sudan, 1939-49.
Jiří Jeníček ( March 8, 1895 , Beroun - February 22, 1963 , Prague ) was a Czech photographer and filmmaker.
The International Committee of Slavists is a scholarly organization uniting the national committees of the Slavists of Australia and New Zealand, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Israel, India, Spain, Italy, Canada, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, USA, Finland, France, Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Japan.
The International Committee of Slavists established in Yugoslavia (Belgrade, 1955), with the aim of renewing and continuing international relations in the field of Slavic studies and traditions of the 1st International Congress of Slavists, which was held in Prague in 1929.
The Passionate Friends is a 1922 British romantic drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Milton Rosmer, Valia, and Fred Raynham.
Although based upon Wells' 1913 social realist novel, it largely avoided any of Wells' radical social commentary regarding the United Kingdom.
Dragoș Pîslaru is a Romanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party.
Dragoș Tudorache is a Romanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party.
Ramona Strugariu is a Romanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party.
He is known for his wildlife photographs, some of which have won international awards, especially those taken north of the Arctic Circle.
Additional awards received by Galitz's polar bear pictures include third place in the nature and wildlife category at the 2016 International Photography Awards.
After taking a job teaching photography in 2007, Galitz opened his own school, which went on to become the biggest school of this kind in Israel.
Galitz has been campaigning to raise awareness to environmental issues, some of which he encountered in his travels and photo shoots.
In 1979, he set the single game scoring record in the Icelandic top-tier Úrvalsdeild karla when he scored 71 points for Fram against ÍS.
In his debut on 23 september, he scored 55 points in Fram's 93-81 victory against Ármann in the annual pre-season Reykjavík Basketball Tournament.
In November 1978, Johnson was loaned to ÍS for their upcoming games against FC Barcelona in the 1978–79 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup.
After some uncertainty of his return due to Fram's poor financial situation, Johnson re-signed with the team for the 1979–80 season.
On 17 November 1979, Johnson set the Úrvalsdeild single game scoring record when he scored 71 points in a victory against ÍS.
In the beginning of December, tension between Johnson and the team reached a breaking point with Johnson being unhappy with the lateness of his salary while the board of the team was unhappy with his temperament.
After his departure from Fram, he served as an assistant coach to Tim Dwyer of Valur where he would win the national championship and the Icelandic cup in March 1980.
Johnson re-signed with ÍA the following season and in October 1980 he was loaned to Valur for its upcoming games against Cibona Zagreb in the FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup.
After scoring only 14 points in the first game between the teams, Johnson scored a game high 31 points in the second game.
The is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Shin-Keisei Electric Railway since December 2019.
Seating accommodation consists of longitudinal seating, providing a seating capacity of 43 in the end cars and 49 in the intermediate cars.
Kim Clavel (born September 9, 1990) is a Canadian professional boxer who has held the WBC-NABF light flyweight title since December 2019.
He then began full-time farm labor to support his grandmother after his grandfather was forced to flee Panther Burn after an altercation with a white employer, who threatened his life.
In Memphis, he worked a succession of day-labor jobs, and by night played blues at venues on the neighboring, historic Beale Street.
When Howlin' Wolf moved to Chicago, he urged Speller to join him and become a part of his permanent ensemble, but Speller declined, saying Chicago was too cold for him.
All of his works fill the page to the edges, except his renderings of single figures, which stand alone against a white background.
Speller is best known for his drawings of detailed houses, modes of transportation (trains, cars, riverboats, and planes), and adorned figures, particularly women.
Through these characters, Speller creates a metaphor for mobility and freedom in the Jim Crow South, which white women, and even some black women, can attain, but are inaccessible to him.
Stripes and grids function as movement from one plane to another, such as from clothes to skin or from inside to outside of a building.
Art historians have drawn a connection between Speller's patterns and African American quilt-making traditions, with their improvised rectangular and square grids.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
At an early age, she became interested in journalism: at age 12, she started the first newspaper in her grammar school; she later on become editor-in-chief of her high school newspaper.
D'Ascenzo was the first person to receive a scholarship from the American Newspaper Women's Club, which allowed her to attend a summer journalism program at the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.
In 1981, during her senior year at Syracuse University, D'Ascenzo landed her first television job at WIXT-TV in Syracuse, where she reported on the weather forecast segment.
For 33 years, from 1986 until her death in 2019, she worked at WFSB-TV, becoming the longest-serving anchor at the station.
In 2013, she was inducted to the Silver Circle, an honor bestowed by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for her contributions to broadcasting.
The women's 800 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 14 and 15 October.
However, the lotion has just the opposite effect: it considerably enlarges the animals, so it represents a serious danger to humanity.
In later adventures Ibáñez decided that most readers would not notice or care of that extra details, that were too time consuming and deciced not to draw them anymore.
It's Pony follows the life of Annie as she does her best to cope in her parent’s farm (located on the balcony of their apartment) to the everyday struggles of being a 9-year old in the city.
On December 9, 2019, it was announced that the series would premiere on January 18, 2020, with a teaser episode released online on December 26, 2019.
Chandler Brewer (born June 21, 1997) is an American football offensive tackle for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL).
Following the end of the season, he announced that he had been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma during the summer going into his senior year and had to undergo radiation treatment in-between games.
Brewer was waived at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed by the Rams to their practice squad on September 1, 2019.
Georgīĭ Vasilevich Forsten (30 May 1857 - 21 July (3 Aug.) 1910) was a Finnish historian and professor at Saint Petersburg University in Russia.
He was a specialist in the history of Scandinavia and the Baltic region and one of the founders of research into Scandinavian history in Russia.
Forsten was a professor of Saint Petersburg University where he specialised in the history of Scandinavia and the Baltic region and was one of the founders of research into Scandinavian history in Russia.
Benjamin F. Jones (born December 24, 1966) is an American historian and academic administrator who has been Secretary of Education of South Dakota since May 2019.
He earned a bachelor's degree in history from South Dakota State University, a master's degree from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and a PhD from the University of Kansas.
He served 23 years in the United States Air Force, where he attained the rank of lieutenant colonel, and taught at the Air Force Academy.
In January 2019 he was appointed interim Secretary of Education by Governor Kristi Noem, and in May 2019 he was named permanent secretary.
The 1981–82 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1981–82 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The team was coached by Gene Roberti, who was in his third year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
This is the teams first year in the newly organized ECAC Metro Conference, which will later be known as the Northeast Conference.
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools, 503 U.S. 60 (1992), is a United States Supreme Court Case in which the Court decided, in a unanimous vote, that monetary relief is available under Title IX of the Federal Education Amendments of 1972.
The case arose when Christine Franklin, a sophomore at a high school in Georgia’s Gwinnett County Public School District claimed to be sexually abused by Andrew Hill, her teacher and a coach at the school.
The school district administrators became aware of the situation but decided not to take action and even encouraged Franklin to not proceed in pressing charges.
In result, Franklin decided to sue the Gwinnett School Board for violating the sexual harassment clause of Title IX for the goal of obtaining monetary relief and legal remedy.
While Title IX is most commonly associated with requiring equality among male and female sports, a major component of it describes how schools must deal with sexual harassment complaints.
Franklin believed the school board did not follow these guidelines so she decided to sue in the attempt of getting money in return.
Because the school board was on Hill’s side, they appealed and argued that one can not get monetary relief from Title IX.
In a unanimous, 9-0 decision, the court ruled Franklin could get money because any and all types of relief, in appropriation, are available, in order to fix a violation of a federal right.
After the ruling of the Supreme Court, the money was settled in an out-of-court settlement, of which the results were never disclosed.
Franklin’s argument and the reason she pressed charges was that she believed the Gwinnett school board violated the rights established in Title IX, and she should thus be compensated for damages.
Their reasoning was that Title IX did not authorize monetary awards for damages which the district court and United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit confirmed.
79 days later, on February 26, 1992, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of Franklin where she was rewarded monetary benefits.
A previous case Cannon v. University of Chicago (1979), established that Title IX was enforceable through an implied right of action, so the question became whether or not monetary awards were available for damages in a private action brought to enforce Title IX.
The court’s decision, written by Justice Byron R. White, stated that monetary relief was available under Title IX because it is presumed that violating a federal right calls for the use of appropriate relief as a remedy.
Since the court judged that because the sexual harassment against Franklin was a clear violation of Title IX, had the court not provided remedies for Franklin, Title IX would then be a law that would not award any remedies.
The justices held this opinion under the belief that the application of remedies to expand private rights could lead to problems.
While this case confirmed that someone could receive monetary relief from Title IX, the reasoning behind the decision has a much wider application.
Members of this genus have been isolated from arctic permafrost, soil samples, cassava wastewater, decomposing algal scum, river water, and the gut of a vulture.
Smith made his first-team debut for the club on 4 December 2019, appearing as a second half substitute in a 1–1 away draw with Peterborough United in an EFL Trophy second round match, which Ipswich went on to win 5–6 on penalties.
It is more likely to occur in patients with HIV infection or malaria and the majority of people who suffer from iNTS are in Sub-Saharan Africa.
In 2011 Gordon was awarded the British Society of Gastroenterology Sir Francis Avery Jones Research Medal and in 2012 the Shire Awards for Gastrointestinal Excellence prize for Excellence in Gastroenterology.
In 2018 Gordon led Africa's launch of the new typhoid conjugate vaccine, and successfully vaccinated 24,000 children in Malawi in the first six months.
Gordon and the University of Liverpool Centre for Global Vaccine Research were awarded a multi-million pound research grant to establish the Horizon 2020 Vacci-iNTS consortium.
The consortium looks to develop new vaccines and research the financial and social impact of iNTS on communities in Africa impacted by the disease.
Her research has been supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, British Society of Gastroenterology and Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.
The magazine is launch as National Safety News() in 1919, the publication has always had a special relationship with the National Safety Council Library.
It was opened in 1926, based on a design by architect Frank L. Bodine, and served students up to 8th grade.
The construction of the new school, which commenced in 1925, was funded by the Rosenwald Foundation, local caucasian resident, Reverend Duncan C. Milner, a civil war veteran, who fought at the Battle of Chickamauga and public school funds.
In 1955 a new Milner-Rosenwald school building was built nearby, at 1250 Grant Avenue, which catered for the lower grades, whilst the original school building catered for the upper grades (up to 8th grade).
In 1972, following the end of racial segregation in the Florida education system, the new school was renamed Mount Dora Middle School.
The original school building was used to house the community's first kindergarten, followed by a branch library, local youth center and is currently used by the Head Start program.
In 2009 the building failed to get recognized on the National Register of Historic Places due to early structural alterations to the original large windows.
The Southern Cardamom National Park connects older protections in and around the Greater Cardamom Mountains, effectively creating a so-called mega-protection totalling .
The older protections include Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Cardamom Mountains and Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary, covering the northern parts of the Cardamom Mountains, and Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary, Botum Sakor National Park and Kirirom National Park, south of the park.
In addition to safeguarding habitats and wildlife corridors for larger animals, a main purpose of the national park is to create a safe wildlife protection for reintroducing tigers to Cambodia.
The protection of the park is the responsibility of the Cambodian government, and the task is carried out by Cambodia’s Forestry Administration in cooperation with the Global Conservation agency and Wildlife Alliance.
Global Conservation is an international organisation specialising in the protection of endangered UNESCO World Heritage and national parks in developing countries.
The Colored Women's League (CWL) of Washington D.C was a woman’s club, organized by a group of African-American women in June 1892, with Mrs. Helen A. Cook as President.
In 1896, the Colored Women's League and the Federation of Afro-American Women merged to form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), with Mary Church Terrell as the first president.
In June 1892, a group of several prominent black women in Washington D.C. met together to discuss creating a club devoted to improving the conditions of black children, women and the urban poor.
Some of these women were Anna Julia Cooper, Helen A. Cook, Mary Church Terrell, Ida B. Bailey, Charlotte Forten Grimké, Mary Jane Peterson, and Evelyn Shaw.
The Colored Women's League was a coalition of 113 organizations, and the goal of national unity was at the forefront of the club's objectives.
In a letter written in 1894 to The Women's Era, the first national newspaper published by and for African American women, Cook reported a few accomplishments of the league.
These included: hosting a series of public lectures for girls at local high schools and Howard University, raising $1,935 towards a home for the league, creating classes for German, English Literature, and hygiene, and establishing a sewing school and mending bureau with 88 students and ten teachers.
According to historian Fannie Barrier Williams, this organization had the largest membership of any African American women's club in the country.
Although the primary goal of the CWL was national unity for colored women, this goal was not reached until July 21, 1896 when the National Association of Colored Women was formed as a result of the merging of the Colored Women's League and the Federation of Afro-American Women.
The Colored Women's League initially declined to join the National Federation of Afro-American Women because President Cook did not have the authority to commit the league.
Ruffin's appeal was composed in response to an editorial published by a Southern white journalist, in which the author ridiculed the moral character of black women.
To combat the widespread influence of negative stereotypes of black women, Margaret Murray Washington, the president of the National Federation of Afro-American Women and Helen A. Cook began making plans to discuss consolidating their two organizations.
After the merger of the Colored Women's League and the National Federation of Afro-American Women, Mary Church Terrell was named the first president of the newly formed National Association of Colored Women.
Both organizations, the Colored Women's League and the Federation of Afro-American Women, had similar objectives in mind: advancing the conditions for black women, children, and underprivileged.
The biggest factor contributing to this rivalry was the debate about which organization was the first to be officially recognized as a national organization.
Eventually, at the age of thirty-three and pregnant, Mary Church Terrell of the Colored Women's League was named the first president of the NACW.
Nevertheless, the success of the CWL inspired other black women became aware of the possibility of creating a united front for themselves and created their own clubs.
On July 21, 1896, the Colored Women’s League merged with the National Federation of Afro-American Women to form the National League of Colored Women.
The Saint-Étienne River is a tributary of the south shore of the Saguenay River flowing into the municipality of Petit-Saguenay in the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Saint-Étienne River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
The mouth of the Saint-Étienne River flows into the bottom of Anse Saint-Étienne on the south shore of the Saguenay River.
Luigi Chierchia (born 1957) is an Italian mathematician, specializing in nonlinear differential equations, mathematical physics, and dynamical systems (celestial mechanics and Hamiltonian systems).
After a year of military service, Chierchia studied mathematics at the Courant Institute of New York University and received his PhD there in 1985.
With Fabio Pusateri and his doctoral student Gabriella Pinzari, he succeeded in extending the KAM theorem for the three-body problem to the n-body problem.
He has also done research on Arnold diffusion, spectral theory of the quasiperiodic one-dimensional Schrödinger equation, and analogs of KAM theory in infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems and partial differential equations (almost periodic nonlinear wave equations).
Participants can search terms online in one country and compare it with results found in China, and vote on whether their search results are affected by censorship, be it imposed by nation-state or corporations.
On the eve prior to the event, one of the speakers, a visiting Chinese scholar and law fellow researching female reproductive rights, received threats from Chinese authorities overseas about their scheduled presentation.
Ultimately, they did not participate, and an empty chair was left in their place, a nod to the empty chair of Liu Xiaobo during his Nobel Peace Prize ceremony on December 10, 2010.
Complex Proteins Associated with Set1, also known as COMPASS, is a conserved protein complex playing a major role as a H3K4me3 methylase in eukaryotes.
Since it was first identified in 2001, other members of the COMPASS family of methylases with different functions have been discovered, in particular in humans.
It currently has the highest impact factor among journals with a focus on cardiovascular imaging and it publishes original articles ranging from clinical studies to translational and basic research on novel imaging modalities with potential for future clinical usage.
The Old Ones (sometimes referred to in Palladium Books publications as the Great Old Ones or the Unnameable Beings) are a fictional race of Alien Intelligences within the megaversal setting of Palladium Books' game module PFRPG.
The Old Ones are the most powerful forces ever to have existed in the various Palladium game settings, and their power dwarfs that of 'ordinary' Alien Intelligences, beings which are in general far more powerful than the gods themselves.
The Old Ones' creator, Kevin Siembieda, named them so as an homage to the fictional characters of the same name by H. P. Lovecraft.
Despite their origins in Palladium Fantasy—the first and oldest of Palladium Books' Game Settings—they are hated and feared throughout the different dimensions of the Palladium Megaverse by those beings who remember them, even those beings who have great power and are evil themselves.
The Old Ones' physical and mental natures were such that to pass the time (and to feed themselves), they each seized upon a specific aspect of pain and suffering to study, psychically feeding on the emotions and suffering that would follow.
For example, Ya-blik was the symbol of pestilence, betrayal, and pain, and would spread pestilence and foment those dark emotions where they did not already exist.
And Xy, greatest amongst their number, was the Great Old One of Power Incarnate, and fed upon the chaos and suffering brought by the other Old Ones as they conquered planets, galaxies, and entire dimensions in his name.
Instead, they were put into an eternal mystic slumber and hidden away between dimensions beyond the reach of all but the most powerful gods and (good) Alien Intelligences.
Constant vigilance and effort is required to keep these beings asleep, and various members of the Great Powers of the Palladium Megaverse cooperate with one another to ensure that they never again awaken.
The leader of the Old Ones is/was a Great Old One once called Xy who, through a series of circumstances and betrayal, forgot his own past and now believes himself to be Thoth, the ancient Egyptian god of Wisdom.
It was he, as Thoth, who helped to fashion the super-spell that would finally force the Old Ones into mystic slumber.
These beings are each said to have millions of points of Mega Damage Capacity Rifts (role-playing game)#Damage and firepower, powerful enough to inflict many thousands of Mega Damage points per attack, and are believed to be capable of destroying entire dimensions unaided.
The Old Ones are mystically confined and kept asleep in an intradimensional void inaccessible to all in the Megaverse except a very tiny handful of ultra-powerful beings, and are effectively indestructible).
Nxla's status is questionable, however, as some believe him to be an Old One who tricked his way out of punishment, and others believe this to be lies spread by Nxla to create fear.
The Old Ones were sufficiently powerful enough to keep legions of lesser Alien Intelligences, Gods, and even dragons -usually solitary, vastly powerful creatures in their own right that call no one master -as servants and slaves.
Xy has been given stats twice (Rifts World Book 4: Africa and Palladium Fantasy: Dragons and Gods) however this is only at a fraction of his former power as Thoth.
The other 7 Greatest Old Ones originally had their stats printed on the final (210th) page of Old Ones 1st Edition.
These stats were removed in the 2nd Edition version of the book, and the GOOs were not included in Dragons and Gods, so their abilities (much like the beings in the Ultimax Deathstone) have not been increased to 2nd Edition levels like the rest of the first edition Gods, Dragon Gods, Demon Lords and Devil Lords.
Bought by IK Start in 2018, he was immediately loaned out to Åsane in the entire 2018 season and Jerv in the first half of 2019.
The Saint-Athanase River is a tributary of the south shore of the Saguenay River flowing into the municipality of Petit-Saguenay in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Saint-Athanase River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Bel-shimmani's rebellion was quickly defeated by Xerxes, who retook Babylon, and the cities Borsippa and Dilbat, which had chosen to support Bel-shimanni.
The 1973 Derby Borough Council election took place on 7 June 1973 to elect members of Derby Borough Council in England.
Following the Local Government Act 1972, this was the first election to the new non-metropolitan district council for Derby, which came into being on 1 April the following year.
Shamash-eriba rebelled against the Persian king Xerxes I in the summer of 482 BC, proclaiming himself King of Babylon and King of the Lands.
A previous Babylonian revolt against Xerxes by the rebel leader Bel-shimanni had been defeated relatively quickly, but the Persian response to Shamash-eriba's insurrection was slow.
Although no concrete evidence exists of retribution against the city after it was successfully retaken, classical sources suggest that Babylon was punished severely for the revolt.
It is possible that the statue of Marduk, which represented the physical manifestation of Babylon's patron deity Marduk, was removed by Xerxes from Babylon's main temple, the Esagila, at this time.
Ministers from the Visalia Buddhist Church would travel to Bakersfield, California on a monthly basis to provide the community at the Buddhist Church of Bakersfield with religious services.
Over the course of its development, the Visalia Buddhist Church has sponsored affiliated organizations including the Visalia Buddhist Church Club and the Samurais basketball team.
Temple leaders have commented on the community's socially eclectic atmosphere due to its inclusion of people from various ethnic and religious backgrounds.
He received his bachelor's degree in agricultural economics, in 1959, from Kansas State University, and his master's degree in agricultural economics from Southern Illinois University in 1962.
Grandfather Ivan () is a folklore image of Russia in the minds of Bulgarians from the times of the Bulgarian National Revival, portraying Russia as a benevolent, protective force.
Through this marriage, Ivan III was formally entitled to ascend to the throne of the already nonexisting Byzantine Empire and also received the moral obligation to liberate the Balkan Orthodox peoples from the Ottoman invaders.
It portrays his struggles against Byzantium and the Mongols and how he was able to declare independence Sultanate of Rum in order to establish a sovereign state that would stand up to the Byzantine and Mongol Empires and would honor the Turks.
The show also gives an insight into the personal lives of the Founding Oghuz Turks and their journey to establishing a sultanate.
The character of Osman faces many enemies and traitors in his quest and the show illustrates how he was able to overcome these obstacles and fulfill his mission with the help of his loyal companions, family and friends.
It was open to three-year-old horses of either sex and contested on dirt over a distance of 9.5 furlongs (1 3/16 miles / 1,900 metres).
Run forty-three times, the first ten editions were held between 1944 and 1958 at Jamaica Race Course in Jamaica, Queens, New York.
The inaugural running took place on April 11, 1944 and was run at a distance of 1 1/16 miles for the only time in its history.
The 1952 running saw Canadian jockey Hedley Woodhouse aboard 10-1 Quiet Step upset future Hall of Fame inductee Tom Fool who was also ridden by a Canadian, Ted Atkinson.
In 1960, Elizabeth Lunn's Divine Comedy won the race by 8 lengths and set a new Aqueduct track record with a time of 1:55 4/5.
Seven years later, 1967 Kentucky Derby winner Proud Clarion broke that record by 4/5 of a second with a time of 1:55 flat.
Sherluck's win in the 1961 Roamer Handicap followed an earlier victory in the Belmont Stakes that ended Carry Back's chance to win the U.S.
The Roamer Handicap marked Forego's first stakes race win of what would become a career ranked among the best in U.S racing history.
Owned by Martha Gerry, Forego earned eight Eclipse Awards, including three American Horse of the Year titles, and would be inducted into the U.S Racing Hall of Fame.
The 11th Asian Swimming Championships is scheduled to be held from November 7 to 17, 2020 at the New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines.
The Asia Swimming Federation (AASF) said they were looking at three Asian countries as the possible host of the event: Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines.
But in the end, the Philippines was chosen because of the newly-built and the first FINA-certified facility of the country, the New Clark City Aquatics Center which was used as a venue for aquatics events at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games previously.
Conta-me como foi () is a Portuguese television drama series which has been broadcast on RTP1 of Rádio e Televisão de Portugal from 2007 to 2011 and since 2019.
The series begins in March 1968 with the arrival of television to the house of the Lopes just in time to watch the Festival da Canção 1968.
The last episode of the fifth season was broadcast on 25 April 2011 with the Lopes living the Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974.
In February 2019, RTP announced that the series, after eight years shelved, would be renewed for two more seasons, with the storyline moving firmly into the 1980s.
António Lopes (Miguel Guilherme) and Margarida Marques (Rita Blanco) are a married couple that have emigrated in the 1960s from Ermidão, a (fictional) small village inland, to a (also fictional) working-class suburb in Lisbon, along with her mother Hermínia () and their three children, Isabel (), Tóni () and Carlos () seeking a better life away from the hardships of an impoverished countryside.
Isabel works at Clara's () hair salon along with Náni (), Tóni is starting a master's degree in Law making him the first Lopes going to university and Carlos spends his school days with his best friends Marinho (Manuel Alves) and Luís (Francisco Madeira).
With great effort and hard work they are able to purchase in installments their first television set, their first washing machine and even their first car.
Their story is directly and indirectly affected by the events and the social, economical and political changes occurring in Portugal since the late 1960s until the early 1980s.
In 1996, Stephens, a Democratic Party candidate, faced Stone to succeed Jim Lowther as the legislator elected from the 60th Kansas House of Representatives District.
A Free Trade Agreement of 22 July 1972 between the European Economic Community and Switzerland was in force from 1 January 1973.
The following oil crisis from 16 October 1973 let the sales of such vehicles fall rapidly, after which cheaper models were mounted again.
Alternative or translated names were General Motors Schweiz AG, General Motors Svizzera SA and General Motors Switzerland Ltd. On 13 April 2004, there was a merger agreement with Saab Automobile Schweiz AG, which was acquired.
As a result of this, General Motors Suisse changed its name to Cadillac Europe GmbH in the legal form of limited liability.
The South College Street Historic District in Covington, Tennessee is a historic district which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
It includes part or all of the 600, 700, and 800 blocks of S. College St. in the city of Covington, which is the county seat of Tipton County, Tennessee.
The oldest house was the home of Captain Charles B. Simonton, who fought for the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War.
Although he may be better remembered as a session musician, between 1962 and 1975, King recorded four singles and one album.
He was inspired by the work of Fenton Robinson and Larry Davis, before his relocation to Chicago, Illinois, following a short spell in 1959 in St. Louis, Missouri.
King planned to undertake a tour of Europe and Japan, but a violent quarrel arose at Louise's, another Chicago club, which left King badly injured and unable to continue to play the guitar.
The Jackson County High School in Gainesboro, Tennessee was built in 1939 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
It served as the Jackson County High School from 1939 until 1969, and thereafter as the Fox Middle School until around 2000.
A French army under the command of Jean de Bourbon, together with a force of Breton cavalry, under Arthur de Richemont, defeated the English army at the Battle of Formigny, with the remnants of Gough’s force able to flee the battlefield.
The opening round of this edition of the cup was played on 19 January 2020 and the final will be held on 31 May 2020.
Seringia is a genus of about 20 species of plants in the family Malvaceae and are mostly found in Western Australia.
Ivo Alfredo Thomas Serue, known musically as Khea, is an Argentinian Latin trap singer born in Mar de Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The 2019-20 Bentley Falcons men's ice hockey season was the 43rd season of play for the program, the 21st at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
Taneale Peschel (born 29 August 1994) is an Australian cricketer who plays as a bowling all-rounder for the Perth Scorchers in the Women's Big Bash League.
She made her debut for the Western Fury and the Scorchers in the 2017–18 Women's Big Bash League season and has represented Australia in indoor cricket.
According to the World Bank, Brazil is labeled as an upper middle income country with a current GDP of $1.869 Trillion as of the year of 2018.
Brazil experienced a period of economic and social progress between 2003 and 2014, when more than 29 million people left poverty and inequality declined significantly.
The income level of the poorest 40% of the population increased by an average of 7.1% (in real terms) between 2003 and 2014, compared to a 4.4% increase in income for the population as a whole.
Brazil is the largest country in the LAC region (8.52 million square kilometers), with a GNI per capita of US$14,810 and with a population of 207 million (2016).
A favorable external environment, credit-fueled consumption, an expanding labor force and an expansion of social programs contributed to fast economic and social progress between 2001 and 2015.
During 2012-2015, Brazil was one of the largest borrowers of the World Bank Group, with a total of US$17.5 billion invested during these four years.
After 2015, with the onset of the economic crisis and given limited fiscal space for new investments, IBRD lending has declined to around US$500 million per year and the program has shifted instead on building the knowledge foundations for supporting an adjustment in Brazil's growth model and in the World Bank's engagement to support it.
There was a significant contraction in economic activity in 2015 and 2016, with the GDP dropping by 3.6% and 3.4% (respectively).
The economic crisis was a result of falling commodity prices and the country's limited ability to carry out necessary fiscal reforms at all levels of government, thus undermining consumer and investor confidence.
Brazil has had a slow growth in the last two years with a small 1.1% growth in GDP in 2017 and 1.3% growth in 2018.
Brazil became a member of the World Bank on January 14, 1946, with its first project starting in the late 1940s.
The Power and Telephone Project has the joint objectives of developing hydroelectric power generation and telephone services, including long-distance services, in the highly industrialized and populated areas of Brazil.
Throughout the rest of the 20th century, the majority of projects have been over sustainability of infrastructure in poor and rural areas.
As climate change, deforestation and other more recent alarming world events have taken place over the past 50 years, more and more projects are oriented towards conservation and renewable energy efforts.
To address the dynamics of unsustainable debt, the government has enacted Constitutional Amendment 95/2016, which limits the rise of public spending.
In order to support the strengthening of the fiscal management at all levels of government, it is important to sustain the structure of the institutional and legal systems that control the public finance sector.
And it will work with federal and sub national governments to increase effectiveness of services delivery in education and in health.
Underlying all the World Bank's objectives is the aim to ensure that the ongoing fiscal adjustment is of high quality and does not fall disproportionately on the poor and bottom 40%, whilst laying the necessary foundation for a sustainable recovery.
The Bank will work with the federal government to achieve implementation of the expenditure rule as a means to achieve fiscal adjustment and restore fiscal sustainability at the federal level, through a reduction in federal government primary expenditures in real terms.
To achieve this indicator the Bank will support the federal government to rationalize public expenditures and to strengthen fiscal management, including through the programmatic Brazil Expenditure Review and Strengthening Governance in Infrastructure, and will also support the government to restore the financial sustainability of the social security system.
The social safety net programs existent in Brazil lack much governmental funding and support thus increasing the vulnerability of those that depend on it for care packages and housing.
Many of the people on the list to receive these program benefits are large family households who don't have enough jobs to support the whole family, and a large portion of them are single mother households.
The bank aims to support funding for these programs such as the Bolsa Familia that helps provide care package food and housing for people in need.
That allocation of resources to these programs help them become more agile and efficient in effectively covering the most people in need and provide them the basic resources to live well and safe conditioned lives for them and their families.
To lower the high rate of drop outs in the public education in secondary school, the World Bank wants to provide support in the development of the educational department in Brazil's ministry of education to facilitate the growth in opportunities for children in low income areas.
Their investment will continue to support selected sub national governments in the introduction of new methods of public sector management to improve education outcomes which are expected to improve average learning scores for math and Portuguese.
The Bank will work to improve the effectiveness of health services delivery through ongoing interventions at the sub national level which will contribute to reduce premature mortality rate from the main Non-Transmissible Chronic Diseases in selected states and will contribute to improve system efficiency by reducing the percentage of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in selected states.
The World Bank will provide financial investment and technical assistance to the federal government to support the implementation of a wide-ranging program of reforms to improve the business environment and to sub national governments as part of ongoing operations.
The World Bank has an integrated approach to building resilience of communities, ecosystems and production systems, which recognizes issues of sustainability and social inclusion as closely related.
The World Bank works to support the government in fostering more equitable economic growth, social inclusion, and efficient use of resources, focusing on interventions related to land tenure and territorial development (at national, regional and city level), management of natural resources and biodiversity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, deforestation, land degradation, and water scarcity issues.
The World Bank also supports management of natural resources in a sustainable way, combining conservation with the promotion of local and regional economic development, as well as to work with the federal and state governments to sustain the low carbon emissions trajectory in agriculture and land use to which Brazil has committed to by supporting farm holdings in the adoption of landscape management and/or sustainable agricultural practices.
The most pressing issue in our current decade is the emerging problem of climate change, deforestation and preservation of the natural ambient and fauna.
In Brazil, the World Bank works effectively with the preservation of the Amazon Rain forest and the sustainable cohabitation of those that use its vegetation and land.
The land already used for farming and agricultural practice is also an area invested on for development, sustainability, and expansion prevention into already protected areas.
To improve access, management and efficiency of water and sanitation services in cities, the World Bank invest in the physical and institutional infrastructure to attain greater resilience to the increased variability of water supply while also focusing on pricing policies to ensure that water charges reflect provision costs.
The support from the World Bank will be embedded in the broader context of water resource management and protection of scarce water resources.The Bank's engagement in the water sector will continue, including at the water basin level, focused on improved water resource management, inter-stakeholder coordination, utility governance, regulation and critical investments.
There are several sanitary problems with the water supply in poor areas in Brazil, especially with the conditions to which still water sources that sit above buildings are primary places where mosquito that carry the Dengue Fever or other deadly diseases reproduce.
The investment from the world bank also focuses on maintaining sanitary conditions of water supply for urban and suburban areas with emphasis on reducing the liability of still water and mosquito infestation.
With current events of diseases carried by mosquitoes such as the Zika Virus caused much panic over Latin America and contagion prevention.
The vast majority of the active projects are water resource sustainability projects and land management and development projects in urban, suburban and rural areas.
Rural development is a sector that the World Bank deeply invests upon, with intentions to sustain economic growth and competitiveness for small farm owners and promote sustainability of land use and up to date irrigation systems.
Because of Brazil's abundant amount of fertile land and unquantifiable amount of natural resources, Brazil is one of the biggest world exporters of products such as meat.
Although Brazil is a country that runs off the agricultural industry, that does not impede from the monopolization of the market and concentration of profit from a few privatized companies.
This causes a hardship for many small family farmers that do not have the resources to produce exorbitant amounts of produce with as much exporting power as the bigger and more dominant companies.
The state of Santa Catarina received a $90 million loan from the World Bank to invest in increasing the competitiveness of family farming.
Through the project, households will have access to capital, technical assistance and incentives for technological innovation, increased productivity and quality, diversification and access.
To this end, some infrastructure investments are also made, such as the rehabilitation of 800 miles of roads in rural areas.
This project with the state of Santa Catarina is an example of the type of work the World Bank does in rural areas with sustainable land use, rural farm production and competitiveness and development.
Reusable energy and technological infrastructural work for the agricultural department is something that benefits job opportunities and facilitates a boost in the industry, inevitably creating economic growth and regional development.
It is the single most naturally diverse part of the planet and at the expense of agriculture and deforestation, thousands of acres are chopped down every year.
Despite many NGOs pushing for policy change, conservation and federal funding for the preservation of the rain forest, the agriculture and mining industry constantly chops down the rain forest for resources such as wood or for land used for agriculture.
The largest industries in agriculture that mostly contribute to the resistance to conservation are the cattle industry and products such as soy.
The world bank has assisted Brazil in the funding of many projects lead by governmental and non governmental agencies to help spread the conservation efforts.
The purpose of this project is to facilitate the funding for preservation efforts of the rain forest, and to cultivate a sustainable infrastructure to cohabitate with the native vegetation and allow for its restoration and cultivation.This project wants to expand and protect over 60 million Hectares of preserved forest area, especially those bordering agricultural areas and cities.
The third part most invested on is on financing resources for the forestry and public landscape sectors to maintain the stability and efforts of the project.
The World Bank has also investment millions of dollars in preserving the environment and contributing towards the funding for the infrastructural development for efficient and safe use of land without harming people and their access to food and resources.
Brazil being one of the largest users of the World Bank, there is a strong economic reliance on the institution and its aid in providing Brazil, with its dense population and infrastructural obstacles, the necessary help to maintain its development as economic disparity, poverty, and lack of opportunity continue to grow.
The lack in growth of productivity, government funding for public services and programs, and the structural development in the departments of social services leads to a big difficulty in achieving and optimizing the effectiveness of the programs lead by the World Bank.
Although these challenges are prominent and the lack of regulations and enforcement occur, the World Bank works hand in hand with the government to try to reduce the ripple of corruption and the offset challenges of deterioration of the societal infrastructure and services.
Fiscal imbalance is the biggest issue in Brazil and causes a disproportionate amount of disparity of opportunity for the population especially the bottom 40%.
With that, the World Bank tries to enforce its influence on policy, private investment, and reduction of corporate monopoly and gains.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
His old life as an adventurer is missing and he does not feel legitimate in his luxurious clothes of a monarch.
Taking advantage of the absence of his rival, Shah Zaman will try everything to crack the princess; From intimidation to seduction, he will stop at nothing to become his wife.
After a long journey full of pitfalls, Aladdin is finally back in Baghdad where he will have to face armed guards, the men of Richelieu, a bad genie in the pay of Shah Zaman, and Shah Zaman himself.
Venus Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, by defeating Lindsay Davenport 7–5, 6–0 in the final to win her fourth title in a row.
He served as the head football coach at Western State College of Colorado—now known as Western State Colorado University—from 1971 to 1984, compiling a of 87–45–2.
Noxon died on February 24, 2016, at HopeWest Hospice in Grand Junction, Colorado, from injuries he sustained in a fall the previous September.
Leo Nickerson Elementary School is a dual-track school in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada, and is a part of St. Albert Public Schools.
It was named after Leo Nickerson, a St. Albert cub scout leader who lost his life in an attempt to rescue several scouts who had been caught in the water during a sudden storm.
As of the 2019-2020 school year, Leo Nickerson offers two tracks for students to participate in: The English Program, and the French Immersion Program.
Previously, the school offered a third track, the Logos Christian program, but provision of the track was centralized at Joseph M. Demko School when it opened in 2019.
The school offers both half and full days in the Kindergarten program, a program designed to introduce children of at least age five to the basic skills required for Grade 1.
Leo Nickerson Elementary School held its first classes for around 225 students on September 1, 1964 following an opening ceremony on June 24 of that same year.
The ceremony featured the laying of the cornerstone by Sylvia Nickerson, the widow of Leo Nickerson, who the school was named after.
Leo Nickerson was a cub scout leader who had died during a scout outing at Wabamun Lake on July 14, 1961.
Leo Nickerson was the first and for some time only school in St. Albert to have a PTA, or Parent Teacher Association.
The group was formed in 1967, and replaced the Home and School Association, an organization of parents from various schools in St. Albert that was formed in 1964.
The new PTA held meet the teacher nights, science fairs, various demonstrations and campaigns, and purchased supplies for use in the school.
Joseph Garber, the school's first principal, and his wife Thelma, a teacher at the school, resigned from their positions amid controversy in 1969.
In late March, a group of parents met at a board meeting to express their concerns over the excessive use and types of corporal punishment used in the school.
It was also said that there had been reports of swearing and derogatory comments made by the teachers toward the students.
The parents suggested that Garber's replacement come from outside of the staff at Leo Nickerson, and that the new administrator be instated immediately so that he could become familiar with the school and adequately prepare for the next school year.
The letter followed by saying the board had been concerned about the climate at the school for some time, and that it would accept Garber's resignation.
The production of a remedial report was assigned to Muriel Martin, supervisor of elementary education, and future namesake of Muriel Martin Elementary School.
Citing privacy concerns, the board decided that the report would not be made public, as it contained comments about some staff members.
Some of the suggestions in the report were that activities periods be discontinued in favour of Language Arts, that there be a minor reshuffling of teacher roles, and that a school philosophy be developed.
The house system allowed for both assistance among students within the same house, as well as friendly competition between the houses.
A statue of Leo Nickerson was unveiled at the ribbon cutting ceremony; the ribbon was cut by his widow Sylvia, who had attended the school's opening in 1964.
Multiple schools in the district hosted the program until it was consolidated under one school at Joseph M. Demko school when it opened in the fall of 2019.
The school celebrated its 50th anniversary on June 14th, 2014 and the event was marked by the painting of a mural and the laying of a memorial plaque, which was placed with the cornerstone that was laid by Sylvia Nickerson when the school first opened.
She is the Edward J. and Louise W. Kahn Term Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, and is also affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania Population Studies Center, the Human Capital and Equal Opportunity Global Working Group (HCEO), the IZA Institute of Labor Economics and the National Bureau of Economic Research.
She held the named chair of Alfred L. Cass Term Chair Professor of Economics from 2010 to 2016, and was given the Kahn Professorship in 2017.
Todd is a fellow of the Econometric Society (2009), the Society of Labor Economists (2010), and the International Association for Applied Econometrics.
Petra Todd is an empirical economist with research contributions in the area of labor economics, economics of education, development, econometrics, criminology and demography.
She is best known for her work on program evaluation methods, which develops methods for evaluating the effects of interventions in education and training using both experimental and nonexperimental data.
These statistics/econometric techniques are often used to evaluate the impact of Active Labor Market programs, which are government programs that provide education, training and incentives for unemployed or out of labor force workers to gain employment.
In developing country settings, the methods are often used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-poverty programs, such as conditional cash transfer programs.
RD is a quasi-experimental design where there is a variable and a cut-off value that wholly or partly determines treatment assignment.
One of the earliest papers on the use of RD methods in economics is , which develops new nonparametric estimators and shows that RD has an interpretation of a local average treatment effect in a heterogeneous treatment effects setting.
Other topics in her work concerns reducing structural inequality in education, particularly in developing countries, through an educational policy that aims at improving the education of the least-well-served students.
In particular she has studied the effects of programs like that provide cash incentives for poor families to send their children to school.
She was an expert consultant in designing the Mexican Progresa experiment (later called Oportunidades) that randomized 506 rural villages in or out of a conditional transfer program.
Experimental evidence on the effectiveness of Progresa in increasing schooling and improving health was important to the adoption of similar anti-poverty programs in more than 60 countries around the world .
Petra Todd also played a key role in the design of the ALI experiment in Mexico that randomized 88 high schools to a student and teacher incentive program that paid for improvement on mathematics curriculum tests.
The program impacts are analyzed in and the data are used to study the determinants of educational performance in Todd and Wolpin (2018).
observed that African-American motorists were more than three times as likely as other motorists to be stopped and searched by Maryland police, but had drugs found in the search with the same likelihood as other motorists.
Todd and her coauthors argued from this data that African-Americans had a higher propensity than others to carry drugs, that the greater number of stops were causing them to carry drugs less often, and that the equal rate of drugs found (rather than an even lower rate for African-Americans than others) was evidence that the police were not being racist in their more frequent stops.
In recent research, Petra Todd uses dynamic discrete choice structural modeling methods for predicting the impacts of programs that do not yet exist, which is very useful at the stage of designing a new social program or in considering changes to an existing program.
Todd also some recent published papers that analyze the role of personality traits in educational and working decisions and in time allocation of husbands and wives.
He passed for 3,288 yards and 35 touchdowns along with 1,099 yards and 18 touchdowns on the ground in his junior season before tearing his ACL.
Rated a four-star recruit, Sanders committed to play college football at Oklahoma State during his junior year over offers from Colorado, Ole Miss, North Carolina, Penn State and Texas A&M.
As a senior, Sanders threw for 3,845 yards and 54 touchdowns and ran for 1,380 yards and 16 touchdowns and was named the Gatorade Player of the Year, the Associated Press Player of the Year, and Texas Mr. Football.
After competing with Dru Brown throughout spring practice and summer training camp, Sanders was named the Cowboys starting quarterback just before the season opener.
Sanders was named the Big 12 Conference Newcomer of the Week for week 2 after throwing for 250 yards and three touchdowns on 12 of 18 passing with 51 yards rushing in slightly more than one half of play against McNeese State.
Sanders was named the Newcomer of the Week a second time after completing nine of 12 passes for 158 yards and two touchdowns while rushing for another 88 yards in a 34-27 win against TCU.
He threw for 2,065 yards with 16 touchdowns and 11 interceptions while rushing for 625 yards and two touchdowns and was named the conference Offensive Freshman of the Year.
She won gold medals with Team Canada at the 1996 and 2000 Paralympics, and a bronze medal at the 2004 Paralympics.
Dirk Hilbert is a German politician serving as the current Lord Mayor of Dresden, the capital city of Saxony, since Helma Orosz's resignation in 2015.
From 1998 to 2000 he worked as a board assistant at the German Aerospace Center in Cologne, then in risk management at CargoLifter in Krausnick-Groß Wasserburg.
From December 2008, he was the Deputy Mayor of Lord Mayor Helma Orosz, and took over for her duties from February 2011 to March 1, 2012 due to the Mayor's illness.
The Caring Institute (founded in 1985) is an international humanitarian organization dedicated to principles of public service, integrity and compassion for the poor.
The Institute seeks out entities and individuals of all ages who have demonstrated a passion and commitment to help those on the fringes of life.
The organization honors them with a Caring Award, which recognizes their efforts in hopes that they can inspire others to action.
The organization pays special attention to young people, seeking to build a more caring world by providing college scholarships to those who exhibit a profound sense of compassion to those less fortunate in society.
The Institute also shows its compassion for and respect to terminally ill children by fulfilling their requests through the organization's Dreams 4 Kids program.
The Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ) is the Australian state of Queensland's government body responsible for the management of geoscience knowledge.
GSQ collects geoscience data either from industry - mining companies compels by legislation to report certain activities - or directly through its own surveys and then shares that information, sometimes after embargo periods, to enable potential investors a better understanding of the resource potential of Queensland.
The GSQ works closely with Australia's equivalent national government agency, Geoscience Australia, to ensure that data collected/generated by either agency is interoperable since resource potential may cross state borders.
GSQ is also involved with international efforts to standardise the reporting and representation of geoscience information, particularly through Semantic Web-based initiatives such as the ESIP Federation's Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET) Ontologies project which operates an integrated ontology used to model a wide range of geological (and many other) scientific concepts.
Through its current Geoscience Data Mondernisation Program (GDMP), GSQ intends to greatly increase the proportion of its data holdings that it makes publicly available from the current 10% to 90%, by 2021.
This program is thought, by GSQ staff, to position GSQ at the cutting edge of government public data delivery both amongst Australia government organisations and its geological survey agency peers internationally.
The documents reveal that high-ranking officials were generally of the opinion that the war was unwinnable, but kept this hidden from the public.
Due to the nature of the content within the Afghanistan Papers, numerous public officials commented on their content in the days following Whitlock's initial article.
The Chief of Space Operations is typically the highest-ranking officer on active duty in the Space Force unless the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are Space Force officers.
The Chief of Space Operations is an administrative position based in the Pentagon, and while they do not have operational command authority over Space Force forces, the Chief of Space Operations does exercise supervision of Space Force units and organizations as the designee of the Secretary of the Air Force.
The post of Chief of Space Operations was created along with the United States Space Force with the National Defense Authorization Act signed by President Donald Trump on 20 December 2019.
General John W. Raymond, the commander of US Space Command and Air Force Space Command, was announced as the first chief of space operations on that same day.
Under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Chief of Space Operations presides over the Office of the Chief of Space Operations, acts as the Secretary's executive agent in carrying out approved plans, and exercises supervision over organizations and members of the Space Force as determined by the Secretary.
The Chief of Space Operations may also perform other duties as assigned by either the President, the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of the Air Force.
Like the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the CSO is an administrative position, with no operational command authority over Space Force forces.
Oscar Seborer (June 4, 1921 – April 23, 2015), codenamed Godsend, was an atomic spy for the Soviet Union who worked at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico.
Oscar Seborer was born in New York City on June 4, 1921, youngest child of Jewish Polish immigrants Abraham Seborer, a clerk, and Jennie (Scheine) Chanover.
Max's first wife Rita Beigel was the sister of Rose Beigel Arenal, the second wife of Leopoldo Arenal, the brother of artist Luis Arenal Bastar.
After Rose's death, Max married Celia Posen, who had served as a nurse with the Abraham Lincoln Battalion during the Spanish Civil War, and was friends with Harry Magdoff, Irving Kaplan and Stanley Graze.
Noah was close to Frederick Vanderbilt Field, Maurice Halperin and Albert Maltz, a screenwriter who later became one of the blacklisted Hollywood Ten.
Oscar was drafted into the Army in 1942, but due to his special training he was assigned to the Special Engineer Detachment (SED), a program that identified enlisted personnel with special technical or scientific skills, and put them to work on the Manhattan Project, the effort to build an atomic bomb.
He was assigned to the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and then to the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico.
He was present at the Trinity nuclear test on July 16, 1945, with a group measuring the seismological effect of the explosion.
Stuart was discharged from the Army in 1946, but continued to work for it in a civilian capacity with the Civil Affairs Division in Europe.
He wrote a report on economic progress in Bizone, Germany in 1949, and one on the Army's education program the following year.
Stuart's wife Miriam graduated from George Washington University Medical School that year, but when he applied for a job at the State Department, he was told that he would not be granted the necessary security clearance.
After he graduated in August 1948, he took a job at the US Navy's Underwater Sound Laboratory in New London, Connecticut, where research on sonar for submarines was conducted.
In August 1949, the commanding officer recommended his termination as a security risk, but on August 29 a review board overturned this decision.
He was transferred to the Electronic Shore Division of the Bureau of Ships, where he was involved in the installation of electronic equipment in American and European harbors.
They then flew to Israel, where they visited Abraham and Jennie, who had re-emigrated in August 1950 and were living in Gan Yavne.
Since Klaus Fuchs was also known to be a Soviet spy, there were at least four Soviet agents at Los Alamos.
From 1946 to 1954, it was published by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) Soviet Writers' Union and the Board of Artistic Affairs.
From 1954 to 1963, it came under the Lithuanian Soviet Writers' Union, from 1936 to 1968, it was under the LSSR Writers' Union, from 1968 to 1982, it was under the LSSR Creative Union, and from 1982 to 1989, it was under the LSSR Ministry of Culture as well as the Writers' Union.
The magazine includes articles on cultural events, literature, music, visual arts, theater, film, architecture, Lithuanian cultural heritage, as well as original and translated fiction.
In October 2019, it was announced Vanessa Kirby and Shia LaBeouf had joined the cast of the film, with Kornél Mundruczó directing from a screenplay by Kata Wéber.
Before becoming a country music artist, Doleac excelled at many sports, and played baseball for the University of Southern Mississippi, eventually appearing in the College baseball World Series.
In January, 2019, Doleac supported country artist Ryan Hurd on tour with Niko Moon, followed by more touring with Mitchell Tenpenny and Scotty McCreery.
She is a founder and steering group member of the Build-a-Cell Initiative, an international collaboration for creation of synthetic live cells.
The company's flagship product is its guarana-flavored soft drink, Dolly Guaraná, which is a popular beverage in Brazil and has competitors such as Guaraná Antarctica and Coca-Cola's Kuat.
The company is currently facing a legal dispute with Coca-Cola and Codonho was arrested in 2018 under allegations of fiscal fraud.
The series is set in the 21st century, where the existence of humanoid animals that have been living in the darkness for centuries have been revealed to the world.
One day, Michiru, who was a normal highschool student, suddenly turns into a tanuki person; running away, she seeks refuge in Anima City, a place set up for humanoid animals to be able to live as themselves.
While there, Michiru encounters a wolf person, Ogami Shiro, goes on to investigate why she became a humanoid animal, and in the process gets mixed up in even stranger events.
During Anime Expo 2019, Trigger revealed that they are producing a new original anime television series that is directed by Yoh Yoshinari and written by Kazuki Nakashima.
The rivalry began around 2017 and has resulted in various diss tracks between the two groups, as well as physical violence.
The group is notable for its rivalry with UK drill group and gang Moscow17 (based in Elmington Estate and Brandon Estate, Camberwell).
The boy who was stabbed was alleged to be a member of Moscow17, and the fight was allegedly between Moscow17 members and Zone 2 members.
In 2018, two members of Moscow17, Sidique Kamara (also known as Incognito or SK) and Kevin Aka-Kadjo were cleared of the murder of Abdirahman Mohamed, a brother to a Zone 2 member.
The song gained notoriety on social media due to the uncensored nature of the song, with various claims of murders committed by the group and dead rivals being named outright and mocked throughout the song.
Isabel Bueso (born Maria Isabel Bueso Barrera) is a Guatemalan woman with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome living in the United States under deferred action.
In 2003, when she was seven years old, she and her family moved to the Bay Area so that Bueso could participate in a clinical research trial for a treatment for Morquio A syndrome at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
In 2018, she graduated from California State University East Bay, where she had majored in sociology and had been involved in disability advocacy.
Because of deferred action, Bueso and her family were allowed to stay in the United States so that she could continue getting lifesaving treatment at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
When the Trump administration rescinded that program in August 2019, Bueso and her family were told they had 33 days to leave the country and return to Guatemala, even though the treatment Bueso requires is not available there.
UCSF Benioff staff held a rally in support of Bueso, and Congressman Mark DeSaulnier introduced a private bill that would give Bueso and her family immigrant visas.
Citizenship and Immigration Services reversed the decision and said they would continue to review deferred action requests on a case-by-case basis.
During 1990-2009 he served as the Dean of School of Management, the Chair of Department of Management Studies, Professor and an Emeritus Professor at University of Michigan–Dearborn, MI.
From 1987 to 1990 he served as the Head of The Management Department at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester MA and during 1970 to 1987 he served as the Chair of Management Department and a Professor at Temple University, Philadelphia PA.
He is holding or has held a series of short faculty appointments at several universities as visiting professor, honorary professor, or adjunct professor: Wharton School (spring 1986), Tel-Aviv University (1974-75), San Jose State University (summer 1987), Tianjin University (summer 1986), Beijing Jiaotong University (2017–20), Chengdu University (2017–20), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (2018–20), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (2018–), and Nanjing Audit University (2018–).
was a term coined in 2008, when the BJP was in a situation similar to the current one and was three seats short of majority to form the government in Karnataka under B. S. Yeddyurappa.
Former minister and minelord G. Janardhana Reddy worked out a method to circumvent the Anti-Defection Law and secured the support of legislators needed to take BJP past the majority-mark.
In July 2019, several government members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India submitted their resignations to the speaker, which led to the fall of the then H. D. Kumaraswamy-led coalition government of Indian National Congress and Janata Dal (Secular).
The family relocated to Los Angeles when Jay was young, and by 1920, he was working at a film studio as a cameraman.
In July 2019, several government members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India submitted their resignations to the speaker, which led to the fall of the then H. D. Kumaraswamy-led coalition government of Indian National Congress and Janata Dal (Secular).
Prairie Express is a 1947 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by Anthony Coldeway and J. Benton Cheney.
It was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records, in 2004 weighing close to 1,300 pounds, first reported by Bill Geist of CBS News Sunday Morning, April 25, 2004.
In 1903, the Tribune was sold to the Times - Tribune Publishing Company, which merged it with Tribune to form the Times - Tribune.
Upon new ownership, the Alexandria Times – Tribune became politically independent in the early 1970s, the newspaper was then sold to Elwood Publishing Company.
The Alexandria Times-Tribune is a weekly newspaper that was formed in 1903 by merging The Alexandria Times and the Alexandria Tribune.
Chris Myer acquired paper in late 1906 or early 1907 and sold it to Robert M. Yelvington in October of 1907.
In April of 1913 the paper sold again, exchanging from Robert M. Yelvington to William F. Baum, but Yelvington stayed on as the editor.
William F. Baum ran the newspaper for the next 12 years, and then sold the paper to Deloss Arnold, who became the editor.
The pair only owned the paper for 1 month until selling it to the Times-Tribune Corporation which consisted of Robert M. Feemster, Allison M. Feemster, and David M. Feemster.
The Alexandria Times-Tribune was sold again in the early 1970’s to the Elwood Publishing Company, which was headed by Ray Barnes, and Curtis Ellis was named as the editor and general manager of the paper.Jan Connors replaced Ellis as the editor in 1976, and Jack Barnes took over as the publisher.
The Barnes family now owns the paper along with two other newspaper the Tipton County Tribune, which is a daily newspaper, and The Call Leader.
Claude Douglas Cairns (June 1, 1914 – July 6, 1985) was an American politician who served as the 31st Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
His mayoral victory in 1957 ended eighteen years of Democratic control of Burlington's mayoralty since Republican Louis Fenner Dow left office in 1939.
In 1932 he graduated from the Chauncey Hall Preparatory School and received a degree in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1936.
From 1941 to his honorary discharge in 1945 he served in the United States Navy on board the USS Block Island in the Atlantic.
On February 18, 1957 he was given the mayoral nomination and on March 5 defeated incumbent Democratic Mayor John Edward Moran with 4,053 votes to 3,830 votes.
On January 28, 1958 he stated that he would not run for congress, but on April 30 he changed his decision and announced that he would run in the Republican primary for the House of Representatives and went on to lose the primary to former Governor Harold J. Arthur.
During his tenure as mayor he attempted to have a nuclear reactor built in Burlington and went to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, but nothing came of it and attempted to add support for a national sales tax to the 1958 Republican national platform.
On February 2, 1959 he announced that he would not to seek reelection and would instead run for alderman again and easily defeated Arthur J. Lambert with 1,434 votes to 856 votes.
In 1964 he ran for one of Chittenden County's five state senate seats, but came in seventh place out ten candidates.
During the 1964 campaign he was an early supporter of Barry Goldwater and served as chairman and member of the Vermont delegation to the national convention in support of Goldwater although the delegates were officially uncommitted.
He also ran Barry Goldwater's campaign in Vermont in 1964 and served as both his vice chairman of his campaign in Vermont and national campaign's chairman in 1964.
Late into the campaign he led an effort to block the Citizens Party from giving its nomination and extra ballot access line to Lyndon B. Johnson.
This fair has been held for over 150 years, since 1860, making it the oldest county fair in the state of Indiana to be continuously held in the same location, the Harrison County Fairgrounds.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly South Rhodesia {1911-1964}, Rhodesia {1964-1979}, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia {1979-1980}), is a landlocked country locked in the southern region of Africa.
Upon gaining independence in 1980, the new regime (under Robert Mugabe), sought to replace many of the institutions established by the previous white rule.
Many of the new regime's actions, like land reform and involvement in The Democratic Republic of the Congo's civil war, have been the source of the state's economic failure.
The World Bank group, currently, estimates that extreme poverty has risen from 29% to 34% from 2018-2019 (4.7 million to 5.7 million).
The production of food was weakened by an El Niño induced drought, as well as Cyclone Idai affecting 3 sectors that accounted for 30% of Zimbabwe's agricultural production.
As a result, the World Bank estimates that one out of every ten rural households are going without food for an entire day.
Current World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund involvement is done in hope that the government can adjust their fiscal practices in order to alleviate the cost its citizens are paying.
Due to non-payment of arrears, lending was suspended after 2000, but the World Bank has remained involved using non-lending instruments and trust funds.
The World Bank has created several trust funds for Zimbabwe including: The Zimbabwe Reconstruction Fund (ZIMREF), the Zimbabwe Analytical Multi-Donor Trust Fund, the Multi-Donor Health Results Innovation Trust Fund-Global Financing Facility (HIRTF-GFF), the State and Peace-Building Fund, the Global Environmental Facility Trust Fund, and Cooperation in International Water.
The Global Financing Facility also supports results-based financing, in rural and urban areas, to improve the health sector as well as maternal and child health in Zimbabwe.
The international lending picture, since 2015, updated by the World Bank Group in 2019, shows that Zimbabwe had received $0 in 2015, $53 million in 2016, $2 million in 2017, $5 million in 2018, and has received $3 million in 2019.
As of June 2019, 800,000 women have received professional health care, and 817,000 and a total of 911,677 children have completed their immunizations due to the projects in the health sector.
Regular quality and care assessments take place, and they are averaging a score of 85% when they were previously seeing results in the 75% range.
The World Banks effort in implementing fiscal practice workshops for government ministries, has extended from 3 ministries to 22 ministries and all local authorities necessary.
Other areas of improvement would include: The education component (awaiting the finalization of the Teaching Professions Bill), the corporate sector (enhancing corporate transparency and accountability), poverty monitoring (updated and refined the Poverty Income Consumption and Expenditure Survey; creating data systems that can process micro-data), and the Procurement Project (Modernization of procurement laws and the development of government procurement strategies).
The Procurement Project was set in motion on June 3rd, 2019, and reporting has been enhanced, as well as improved coverage of internal audit in Central Government with 87% of the audit work plan completed.
This page covers birth defects and injuries related to the craniofacial region, the mechanisms behind the regeneration, the medical application of these processes, and the scientific research conducted on this specific regeneration.
This can occur during surgery, where doctors fracture the face of a patient in order to correct craniofacial abnormalities such as cleft lip, Apert syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Oligodontia, Cherubism, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer Syndrome, Craniosynostosis, or Goldenhar Syndrome.
Craniofacial defects are most common congenitally (present at birth), with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 700 live births (270,000 children per year).
Common corrective procedures include intracranial surgeries (making room for brain growth through skull expansion), Cleft palate surgeries (repairing a gap in the roof of the mouth), and Cleft lip surgeries (closing a gap in the lips).
Most patients who suffer from craniofacial abnormalities have a normal life expectancy, but symptoms are often present throughout the patient’s life.
Common symptoms and features of a craniofacial defect include abnormal cranial morphology, difficulty in cranio-related functions such as breathing, hearing, swallowing, or speech, or facial paralysis.
Mesenchymal stem cell research has yielded the most promising results for craniofacial regeneration, as MSCs can be found in many types of postnatal tissues, including orofacial tissues.
While there is a lack of craniofacial-specific clinical trials regarding stem cell therapies, there has been great effort in identifying craniofacial-specific stem cell populations, precursor cells that can give rise to many specific structures of the skull.
Such stem cells include bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMCs), muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED teeth).
In 1994, it was demonstrated that when BMMSCs were grown in culture with dexamethasone, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, and inorganic phosphate, they differentiated into functional osteoblast-like cells.
Developments in BMMSCs application to bone repair have nonetheless been proven successful in many animal models including canines, mice, and sheep.
In 2014, George K. Sándor performed a small size clinical trial (n = 13) on patients with craniomaxillofacial defects where AMCs were transplanted with scaffolds of either bioactive glass or β-tricalcium phosphate in an attempt to reconstruct the defect.
β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds are characterized by their porous three-dimensional synthetic scaffold structures that stimulate growth, migration, and differentiation in human cells leading to bone reparation.
This study saw 10 out of the 13 patients successfully integrate the AMCs and scaffolds.In 2017, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) awarded $24 million to two centers focused on craniofacial disease and injury research.
The process of regeneration is initiated by an inflammatory response to injury, followed by angiogenesis, leading to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation.
The exact reasoning behind the limit on inflammation needed for bone regeneration is not completely understood in the context of immune responses.
It has been shown that angiogenesis is highly dependent upon extracellular and inflammatory signals such as cytokines, proteases, and growth factors.
It has been shown that osteoblasts that originate from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling play a crucial role for the development of new bone during regeneration.
In addition, VEGF is necessary for a specific bone regeneration pathway called intramembranous ossification, where mesenchymal tissue is directed towards bone formation.
Many primary literature papers have demonstrated that a loss-of-function experiment against VEGF in the osteoblast precursors significantly reduces ossification in craniofacial bone structures, highlighting the essential role of VEGF in craniofacial regeneration.
Bone regeneration in adults appears to mimic bone development during embryogenesis, except for the requirement of inflammation to initiate the regenerative process.
Some of these cells differentiate, creating membranous ossification (bone tissue formation) while some committed osteoprogenitor cells from the periosteum (type of osteogenic tissue) and undifferentiated multipotent MSC from the bone marrow lead to callus formation, which aids in fracture healing.
This is known as Wolff’s law, which essentially states that bone remodeling occurs to counter and adapt to loads placed upon it.
Human MSCs have been shown to differentiate with a cocktail of dexamethasone, isobutyl methyl xanthine, insulin and rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPAR-γ2) agonist) in vitro.
Fibroblasts proliferate in this area, arising from marrow cells with fibroblastic potential.From the 1st to the 3rd week following injury, regenerated bone begins to fill in the gap between the two bony fragments.
While there is not currently much modern medicine can do for these patients, the cutting edge of care is now nerve grafting.
To avoid denervation caused by lack of stimulus, surgery should be done as soon as possible; however, it is often difficult to determine if a patient will recover naturally or whether nerve grafting is required.
This works through providing nerve signaling distal to the site of injury, helping the regenerating nerve to find the correct path.
More than half of patients (57%) of patients who receive nerve grafts showed signs of nerve function within 6 months of receiving a graft.
Current approaches to craniofacial research are spearheaded by a branch of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, named the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR).
Developmental biologists have been reported to use laser capture microdissection and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) to create an array of genes involved in craniofacial development.
For example, using Cre-recombinase, an enzyme which makes specific cuts in the genome, researchers were able to knockout the expression of Sp8, a gene hypothesized to be essential for face development.
In the resulting mouse model, it was observed that facial development was significantly impaired, yet a tongue and a mandible were present (see image).
These injuries happen predominantly in young males, often as a result of traffic accidents which result in 22% of all craniofacial trauma.
Following serious injury resulting in airway blockage, the standard of care is to intubate, which involves inserting a flexible tube into the trachea to maintain airflow, followed by immediate surgical intervention (41% of injuries).
Head injuries often coincide with craniofacial trauma, extradural hematoma (bleeding in between the skull and the dura mater), and subdural hematomas (bleeding between the dura mater and the brain).
Injury to the skull included fractures of frontal bone (20.15% of injuries), sphenoid bone (11.63% of injuries), orbital roof (13.18% of injuries), and fracture of cribriform and ethmoid bone complex (13.18%) with associated cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
Patients can also suffer from hypoplasia of the mandible, cleft palate, lower eyelid coloboma, microtia, atresia of the ear canal, and hearing loss.
Aesthetic surgery is also common following tumor resections, where plastic surgeons correct soft tissue or bone misalignments that occurred due to the removal of a tumor.
These procedures can involve bone grafts from the pelvis or ribs to replace removed bone and implantation of titanium plates and screws to hold pieces of bone together.
The 2021 NHL Winter Classic is an upcoming outdoor regular season National Hockey League (NHL) game, part of the Winter Classic series that is scheduled for January 1, 2021.
The league had previously contemplated Target Field as a host for a Winter Classic game, touring the stadium both in 2018 and 2019, and observing how the area hosted the 2019 NCAA Final Four.
This will be the Wild's second outdoor game after hosting the 2016 NHL Stadium Series against the Chicago Blackhawks at TCF Bank Stadium.
The game will be broadcast by NBC; it is the last Winter Classic in the network's broadcast contract, which expires at the end of the 2020–21 season.
The 1857 Gate (or Class of 1857 Gate) is a triple-arched gate on the Harvard University campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
Japanese from the area were sent to Merced and Turlock Assembly Centers and then to the Amache, Colorado and Gila, Arizona Relocation Centers.
Immediately after the war on July 27, 1945, Shigeo Kato and his family returned to Walnut Grove; who with Tomio Matsuoka, Rev.
Mera Hou Chongba or Mera Waayungba or Mera Thaomei Thaanba is the cultural festival of solidarity of Manipur, celebrated by every indigenous ethnic groups, including the Meitei people and the rest of hilly tribes.
On this day, all the hill tribes came down to the valley of Imphal, and gather at the Royal Palace, and show their cultural dances and other art forms.
The day ends with a grand feast, held together with the Meitei people and the tribes, to show solitude, oness of all the ethnic groups in the region.
A lecturer for 8 years at the UCM, Gil Pecharromán was appointed as senior lecturer of Contemporary History at the National University of Distance Education (UNED) in 1987.
Gilbert Rodman (July 21, 1748 - August 21, 1830) was a prominent resident of Bucks County, Pennsylvania who served in the American Revolutionary War.
Gilbert Rodman was born to Quakers William Rodman (May 5, 1720 - January 30, 1794) and Mary Reeve in Bensalem, Pennsylvania on July 21, 1748.
Fellow Quakers attempted to talk him out of violating the Quaker beliefs against war, but he was reported to be unwilling to condemn the war in repeated visits by various church members.
In January 1778, Rodman allowed an encampment of American troops on his land based on a letter to General George Washington from Brigadier General John Lacey, Jr.
He made his home on the 360-acre Warwick farm until 1808 when he sold it to the Bucks County government as a space to build an almshouse for the poor.
At that time, Rodman relocated to the Bensalem area, closer to his in-laws and other family until the end of his life.
Rodman was the father to 11 children with wife Sarah Gibbs whom he married on June 3, 1784 at Christ Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
After his death in 1830, Rodman was buried with his wife and daughter in the Gibbs Burial Ground in Eddington, Pennsylvania.
He appears to have started his career as a cinematographer around 1918, although he left Los Angeles for a time while serving in World War I, working as an army photographer in Siberia.
He married Joyce Burns, a Busby Berkeley dancing girl, and the pair had a son, Lew, together, who became a sound editor in the film industry.
The season saw 138 Australian rules footballers make their senior VFL debut and six players transferring to new clubs having previously played in the 1897 VFL season.
In 1933, Nástupists disrupted a commemoration event for Saints Cyril and Methodius, forcing the organizers to allow Andrej Hlinka to speak.
It opposed support for Edvard Benes in the 1935 Czechoslovak presidential election and joining the Czechoslovak government after the 1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, and tried to remove Jozef Tiso from a position of influence in the Slovak People's Party.
The park is a triangular piece or gore for which provides the name of park bounded by James Street South, two separate sections of King Street East and John Street.
The park emerged in 1850 on what was once part of the Crown land grant to John Askin to create a public place in downtown Hamilton.
Edward Roche (April 10, 1754 - April 6, 1821) was an American merchant who served in both houses of the Delaware General Assembly, as a delegate to the Delaware state constitutional convention, and in the American Revolutionary War.
He left Ireland at age 14 and arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he reportedly became an apprentice with a local merchant.
On April 1, 1782, he married Eliza Brinckle in Red Lion Hundred, Delaware; the couple would go on to have nine children.
The Delaware men were reported to have fought at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, as well as served during the encampment at Valley Forge.
However, Roche makes no mention of these battles or encampment in his pension application, nor does he appear on the digitized muster roll from Valley Forge.
Roche remained in his roles with the regiment as they began their march to join the Southern Campaign on April 16, 1780.
During the Battle of Camden on August 16, 1780, he became one of 47 prisoners of war from his regiment taken by the British forces.
Upon his return to Delaware after the War, Roche started over in business, met and married his wife, and started a family.
In February 1800, Roche was selected by the society to deliver an oration on the death of George Washington at Second Presbyterian Church in Wilmington.
His membership certificate signed by George Washington is currently in the collection of the Tennessee Historical Society, a donation likely made by his descendants who relocated to Nashville in the 1800s.
He was then elected to serve in the first legislative session under the new state constitution in 1792 as a member of the state House of Representatives after a failed bid for the United States Congress.
Following his short state political career, Roche was appointed as a Notary on April 18, 1800, a position he held for approximately 20 years.
Around this time, he was also commissioned as a Justice of Peace, another position he held for many years until around the time of his death.
In 1818, Eliza Roche died, and Edward went to live with two of his adult daughters who would help him raise the daughters of his deceased son.
Roche applied for his pension for time served as an officer in the Revolutionary War at this time, and he was awarded $20 per month.
He appealed the decision based on small overall value of items owned and lack of assurance in future income from appointments as a Notary and Justice of the Peace.
The California Department of Financial Information System for California (FI$Cal) is a state government agency in the California Government Operations Agency of the executive branch of the government of California.
In July 2016, the California Department of Financial Information System for California (FI$Cal) was formally recognized as a new state of California department.
Dundalk entered the 1932–33 season on the back of a fourth place finish in the League and a fifth place finish in the Shield the previous season.
1932–33 was manager Steve Wright's third season at the club, and was Dundalk's 7th consecutive season in the top tier of Irish football.
After Dundalk had finished as runners-up in both league and FAI Cup in 1930–31, the club's management committee had invested heavily in the side the following season.
They won their first trophy as a senior club - the LFA President's Cup, and had looked like landing the league title, until an end of season slump saw them slip to fourth place.
That, and a first round FAI Cup exit, had contributed to a poor financial position by the end of the season, and the team had been broken up.
As the number of teams in the League had been reduced to ten, both the League and the Shield were played on an 18-match double round-robin basis.
They opened up a three point lead after the fifth match, in large part due to a solid defence that had conceded only two goals to date.
They continued to lead from the front and, despite dropping three points with the title in sight, they won it with a game to spare by defeating Bohemians in Dalymount Park.
Their final match at home to St James's Gate was delayed while the Gate players lined up to congratulate Dundalk captain, Gerry McCourt, in front of a huge cheering crowd.
In becoming Champions, they were the first team from outside Dublin or Belfast to win a league title in Ireland since the inception of the Irish League in 1890.
Christmas and New Year had a sobering effect on the celebrations, with defeat in the opening Shield match and an exit in the first round of the FAI Cup to Dolphin after a replay.
They got back in their stride, however, to reel off seven straight wins, and were still top of the Shield table after 12 matches.
They won their final three matches, but it wasn't enough, and they finished two points behind Shamrock Rovers – points dropped to the bottom two sides Bray Unknowns and Cork Bohemians ultimately costing them.
Having just missed out on a League and Shield Double, they wouldn't win the League again until 1962–63, while they wouldn't win the Shield until 1966–67.
The pathogen was initially discovered to be coincidentally associated with symptoms of pecan fungal leaf scorch in 1998 and has subsequently been found to be endemic in the southeastern United States, as well as Arizona, California, and New Mexico.
These symptoms can be confined to the leaves on one side of a shoot and may be present on all or some of the leaflets.
There are other causes of similar symptoms, such as pecan scorch mites and drought stress, thus a laboratory analysis is recommended when diagnosing the disease.
Thus far, three leafhoppers and two spittlebugs have been shown capable of transmitting the bacteria to pecan, with glassy-winged sharpshooters and adult pecan spittlebugs believed to be the primary vectors responsible for its spread.
The primary management strategy for disease mitigation is to ensure that new orchards are planted with non-infected plants, in order to reduce the initial inoculum that can be spread by insect vectors.
This can be facilitated by closely examining nursery trees the summer before transplanting, to confirm that they are asymptomatic for the disease.
Additionally, a hot water treatment of the scion material just prior to grafting, has been demonstrated to eliminate the pathogen with a 97% success rate.
Given the delayed nature of symptom development, this practice is recommended to reduce the odds of inadvertent graft transmission of the bacteria.
In the event of symptom development in an orchard, infected trees can have limbs and branches pruned to eliminate the disease.
Known insect vectors can be monitored through yellow sticky cards or traps, and when populations are sufficiently high, insecticide sprays can be commenced to reduce the chance of disease spread.
Lim Yi Wei (Chinese: 林怡威; pinyin: Lín yí wēi; born 27 November 1989) is a Malaysian politician from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), one of the four component parties of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.
She is currently the assembly woman of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly for Kampung Tunku constituency in the state of Selangor.
Lim is the eldest of 3 children born to Lim Chin Chye, a retired lecturer at Institut Perguruan (IPG) Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani, and Wong Wai Ping, a retired teacher SK La Salle, Ipoh.
Lim completed her primary education at SK Marian Convent, Ipoh and her secondary education at SMK (P) Methodist Ipoh before taking the Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM) at SMK Methodist (ACS) Ipoh.
She graduated from the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST) with a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Finance on a scholarship sponsored by Kerry Holdings Ltd. As an international student representative in the HKUST Business School Undergraduate Representatives’ Committee, she helped establish the Business Cohort Community (BCC) to help integrate freshmen into the varsity community.
Her portfolio included two brands: Waterstechnology, covering financial technology and data for capital markets; and Risk.net, covering risk management, derivatives and regulation.
Her flagship conference was the Asia Pacific Financial Information Conference (APFIC) 2014 and 2015, featuring technology providers such as Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg and Markit; exchanges such as CME Group, Singapore Exchange (SGX) and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEx); and buy-side and sell-side firms across Asia.
Lim also pioneered the first Asia Pacific blockchain training course for capital markets players, Blockchain Bootcamp, held in Singapore in May 2016.
Despite having left Incisive for Malaysian politics by then, the bootcamp has been replicated in Hong Kong and Sydney, with a subsequent Blockchain Applications workshop held in Singapore in March 2017.
She began her political career as the political secretary of Tony Pua, then MP of Petaling Jaya Utara (now renamed Damansara) and DAP National Publicity Secretary.
She actively campaigned in the 2016 Sarawak State Elections for the Bukit Goram state seat, as well as the 2016 Sungai Besar by-elections.
She won the seat with a majority of 30,444 votes, beating MCA’s Tan Gim Tuan as well as becoming Kampung Tunku’s first female representative.
Despite being an ethnic Chinese politician, she was posted to the Malay-majority Jelai state constituency and stationed in FELDA Sungai Koyan 3.
Issues brought by Lim through speeches, writing and programmes as well in the State Assembly include: mental health, youth and women empowerment, civic education, national unity, and culture.
Lim is a strong supporter of local cultural efforts such as the awardwinning SK Kampung Tunku Pawana Tari traditional dance team and the Khuan Loke Dragon & Lion Dance Association, which originates from Sungai Way New Village.
Lim is currently supporting the Selangor Rugby Union (Malay: Kesatuan Ragbi Selangor; KRS) women’s team and the national women’s rugby team through contributing funds and raising awareness about women’s rugby.
It was released by Sony Music Latin as the third single from the album in the Mexican territory and fourth overall on April 14, 2015.
On February 20, 2015 Thalía announced on her social media that she was on her way to film the music video for the song.
Borracho beans can be served wrapped in tortillas with some form of grilled beef such as carne asada, eaten from a bowl much like chili, or used as a bean dip and eaten with tortilla chips.
The beans are soaked overnight, drained, then dark beer is added along with bacon, bacon drippings, and other spices (cilantro, onion, garlic, cumin, powdered or whole chili peppers) and enough water to cover the beans by a few inches, then cooked in a covered pot for 2-3 hours until the beans are tender.
Southern Texas borracho bean recipes may include diced tomatoes added to the broth, and Mexican recipes often include the spice epazote.
Walnuts are not a native species to California, where Franciscan Fathers first introduced the English walnut around the 1770s from South America to California.
, walnuts from California account for 99% of all walnuts grown in the United States, and for 38% of the world's production of walnuts.
The first walnut orchard to be planted in California was in 1856, by Ozro W. Childs, in what is now the center of Los Angeles.
William Wolfskill, who is considered the founder of the first commercial orange orchards in California, also planted hard-shell English walnuts in the Los Angeles Area.
Other early walnut growers of both hard- and soft-shell varieties include Russell Heath, Frank E. Kellogg and William Huston Nash, and W. E. Stuart.
In the winter of 1869, Joseph Sexton planted the first known commercial walnut orchard in Goleta, California, after purchasing a bag of English walnuts in San Francisco that he was told were from Chile or China, no one knows for certain.
Around the same time in 1870, Felix Gillet, a nurseryman in Nevada City, California, was importing scion wood and nursery stock from France.
He grafted and budded the French cultivars for commercial use and used a selection program for his seed to cultivate new varieties of walnuts suited for California.
Many of the varieties of the walnuts grown in California were introduced by Gillet and Sexton; out of 35 varieties, the 7 varieties they introduced from seedlings and selections make up 82 percent of total walnut acreage.
From 1879 to 1885, Luther Burbank conducted the first walnut breeding experiments, observing that walnut species easily fertilized with each other.
Growers eventually accepted that the Paradox hybrids had superior attributes being more vigorous and disease resistant to crown and root rot.
A modern-day variety of walnuts grown California is the Serr walnut, developed by UC Davis professors Eugene F. Serr and Harold I. Forde.
From 1945-1968, their extensive walnut-breeding program created seedlings which exhibited desirable traits such early production, moderate tree vigor, pest and disease tolerance, and high nut quality.
The rapid increase in acres planted to walnut and lack of organization resulted in prices fluctuations and buyers unfairly competing with one another for commissions.
In 1933, the Walnut Marketing Board was formed under the Agricultural Adjustment Act, to oversee quality control and marketing of the walnut in California.
To emphasize its role in managing the walnut market, the Walnut Control Board changed its name in 1962 to the Walnut Marketing Board.
The commission differs from the Walnut Marketing Board, which by a federal order is responsible for standards, statistics, crop estimates, research, and domestic marketing.
As a result of the trade war between the United States and China, farmers in California received about $76.3 million in federal subsidy payments from USDA, where some of the subsidies were received by walnut farmers.
Over the past ten years, as production has increased, total acreage used in the production of walnuts has increased along with it; in a USDA report, walnut-bearing acreage in California grew 53 percent from 218,000 acres in 2007, to 335,000 acres.
Yield per acre also increased, from 1.50 tons per acre in 2007 to 1.87 tons per acre in 2017, an increase of about 25 percent.
The largest importers of California walnuts were the European Union, Japan, Turkey, and South Korea; the European Union imported the most walnut, with 36% of all walnuts exported.
In 2018, exports to India, the 8th largest importer of California walnuts, declined after as a result of weakness in the Indian rupee, and after a 100% import tariff was levied on the crop, up from 30.9%.
In September 2019, a trade deal was reached between the United States and Japan, reducing and eliminating tariffs on key agricultural goods.
The deal announced a reduction of tariffs on U.S. wine, tomato paste and beef, while completely eliminating tariffs on almonds and walnuts.
Walnuts have been significantly affected by trade disputes, facing high tariffs in China and Turkey, losing an estimated $700 million as a result.
In order to produce walnuts in California, multiple factors must be taken into account in order for orchards to be success.
One study by the University of California, Davis, sets out specific guidelines on and the costs associated with establishing an orchard and producing walnuts.
For instance, as a result of new legislature passed by the State of California, companies with more than 25 employees are to pay their laborers $11 per hour starting in 2018, and increase hourly wages each year buy $1 until the minimum wage is $15 per hour.
Machine operating costs also determine the cost of production, where diesel gasoline is subject to a 13 percent state sales tax, as well as regular gasoline, which is subject to a 10.17 percent tax.
The cost of property insurance is calculated as 0.846 percent of the average value of the orchard's assets over their useful life.
Liability insurance, which ensures that an orchard is able to pay a legal obligation for liability damages, is estimated to be $810 for the entire orchard.
Crop insurance is necessary, as well; available to walnut growers, this insures against unavoidable loss of production, damage or poor quality resulting from adverse weather condition.
Polynésie La Première (), also known as Polynésie la 1ère, is a French public television channel based in Faa'a which broadcasts in French Polynesia.
In return for the installation of nuclear testing center in Mururoa in French Polynesia, the General de Gaulle promised to provide free Polynesian television.
In 1963, the implementation of television transmitters was launched and RTF headquarters on Dumont D'Urville Street in Papeete was enlarged in 1964 to accommodate the new ORTF television studios.
Since October 3, 1965, the first TV Tahiti images have been broadcast from the small studio of 45 m2 of the station and can be received from around Papeete to the part of Moorea in front of Tahiti.
The channel then broadcasts three hours a day programs from metropolitan France six months late and national newsletters from the previous week.
A few years later, with the introduction of new relay transmitters, a local newscast is broadcast every day of the week.
Following the break-up of the ORTF in 1974, the French overseas television stations were integrated into the new French national program company France Regions 3 (FR3), the new French channel of the regions, within France of the FR3 DOM-TOM delegation.
The channel became FR3-Tahiti on January 6, 1975 and, like each regional metropolitan station, produced and broadcast a regional newscast, but was also responsible for ensuring territorial continuity in the audiovisual field by broadcasting programs from metropolitan television channels.
The transition to color took place in the course of the year 1977, at the same time as the first satellite link with Paris.
The December 31, 1982, the channel took the name of RFO Tahiti following the creation of the national company of programs RFO (French Overseas Radio-Television) by transfer of the activities of FR3 for Overseas.
Its missions remain unchanged, but the new structure has its own budget that should allow it to move from the role of broadcaster to that of program producer.
During the following sixteen years, RFO Tahiti gradually acquired quality technical equipment to produce and broadcast more and more regional programs.
In March 1988, the channel was broadcast by satellite to reach all French Polynesia, and in May, a second radio channel called RFO 2, was launched while the first television channel was renamed RFO 1.
On December 26, 1994, RFO 1 saw its monopoly crumble and faced competition from Canal+ Polynesia, which was setting up in French Polynesia, followed on February 14, 1995 by the bouquet of private and pay programs Téléfenua, and then by the French Polynesia government chain Tahiti Nui TV on June 29, 2000.
At the end of 2000, by decision of the trusteeship, RFO lost the broadcasting rights of TF1 sports broadcasters, in favor of Tahiti Nui TV.
While it was possible for all Polynesians to receive TV channels New Caledonia, TV Wallis and Futuna, Tempo Caledonia and France O thanks to the satellite Intelsat 701 and RFO since 2003, Télé Polynesia and France Télévisions decided to encrypt Télé Nouvelle Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna TV on the territory of French Polynesia from June 1, 2010.
2004-669 of July 9, 2004 integrated the program company Réseau France Outre-mer into the public broadcaster France Télévisions, which depends on Télé Polynesia.
Its president, Rémy Pflimlin , announced on October 12, 2010 the change of name of the Network France Overseas in Network Overseas 1 rd to adapt to the launch of DTT in Overseas.
All television channels on the network changed their name on November 30, 2010 at the start of TNT and Tele Polynesia became Polynésie La Première.
The name change refers to the leading position of this channel on its broadcasting territory and its first place on the remote control and its numbering in coherence with the other antennas of the group France Televisions.
Télé Polynesia thus broadcast a program consisting of three hours per day of own productions in French and Tahitian giving priority to proximity, programs from other RFO stations (information, magazines RFO Paris), but reruns or recovery live from the programs of the France Télévisions group (news, magazines, sports, fiction, games, movies, entertainment and youth programs), Arte and independent producers.
Since 30 November 2010 and the arrival of metropolitan public channels, Polynésie 1ère had to increase its own productions, with 25% of local programs and more, giving priority to proximity and addressing economic and social problems of the territory (emissions special events, political debates, recording of shows, football matches, midnight mass, Telethon).
The channel is now free to choose its own programs and, thanks to the increased budget it enjoys, it has the necessary means to produce, co-produce and buy.
The possibility of taking back certain programs from France Télévisions channels is still possible and the major sports events, in particular football, rugby, tennis, cycling are now all broadcast live from Paris.
Nawaf Mashea Al-Harbi (born 12 October 1996) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Prince Mohammad bin Salman League side Ohod.
McNutt was sworn in as the member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 102nd district on January 4, 1991 and served in this position until 1992.
The company had provided eight full studies, several study summaries and a consumer opinion survey but the Authority deemed this information to be inadequate.
Tasha Baxter (born 2 July 1981) is a South African singer-songwriter.She won Newcomer of the Year (2008) and Best Pop Album at the 14th South African Music Award (SAMAs).
Baxter started her career in 2002 as a songwriter with the song 'In the Beginning' that made the UK Top 40 Official Charts.
The tracks ‘Who's Sorry Now’, ‘The Journey’, ‘Useless’ and ‘Fade To Black’ appeared on the South African radio top charts list.
She wrote the song 'Ebb & Flow' that was produced by Jon Gooch and added to his debut album, ‘Calamari Tuesday’, in 2013.
The twelve winners of this round will qualify for the 2020 Davis Cup Finals while the twelve losers will qualify for the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I.
The 12 winning teams from the play-offs will play at the Finals and the 12 losing teams will play at the World Group I.
Mel Lewis and Friends is an album by drummer/bandleader Mel Lewis recorded in 1976 and released by the Horizon label the following year.
Trumpeter Freddie Hubbard is in top form during five selections; tenor saxophonist Michael Brecker and Gregory Herbert (mostly on alto) get in their licks; pianist Hank Jones and bassist Ron Carter are typically flawless, and trumpeter Cecil Bridgewater makes a guest appearance ...
Miss Universe Philippines is a beauty pageant competition and organization in the Philippines that selects the country's representative to the Miss Universe pageant, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants.
The current Miss Universe Philippines is Gazini Ganados who was crowned on June 9, 2019 at the Smart Araneta Coliseum, Quezon City.
In 2019, the Miss Universe franchise in the Philippines, previously held by Binibining Pilipinas, was granted to a new organizing body headed by national director Shamcey Supsup-Lee, which paved the way for the creation of the new Miss Universe Philippines Organization.
The new organization is tasked to hold a separate standalone pageant in the selection of the future Miss Universe Philippines titleholders from 2020 onwards.
Prior to Miss Universe Philippines, the title was awarded through Binibining Pilipinas Charities, Inc. through the Binibining Pilipinas pageant from 1964 to 2019.
In 1969, Gloria Diaz was the first ever Filipina to wear the Miss Universe crown, followed by Margarita Moran in 1973.
Since 2010, the Philippines currently holds the longest ongoing streak of placements at the Miss Universe competition, with 10 consecutive years.
Control over Mosul as a city central to trade between China, the Mediterranean, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia was contested between the Zengids and the Ayyubid sultan, Saladin, throughout the early acquisitions of the Ayyubid Sultanate in Syria and Iraq after the decline of Fatimid rule.
The second is because it would be too difficult to move all of the heavy equipment necessary for casting from one rural location to the next.
There were three main inlay innovations that are believed to have originated in Mosul in the thirteenth century- gold inlays, black inlay, and background scrolls inlaid with silver.
Mosul was a great textile industry during the same period that they were producing these inlaid objects and they happened to specialize in reproductions of Chinese silks.
It is speculated that many of the traditional metalwork designs were heavily influenced or even direct copies of these silk reproductions.
Historically, many scholars have argued that the Mongol sack of Mosul led to the demise of the luxury metalworking industry, however modern scholarship and an abundance of evidence disproves this.
For example, it is known that Mosul metalworkers received an imperial commission by Il-Khan Abu Sa'id in the last years of the Ilkanate.
Not only did Mosul continue to produce elaborate inlaid objects after the Mongol sack, they also altered their traditional stylistic choices to coalesce with Mongol taste.
There was a new emphasis on minuscule style, the figures represented reflect the Ilkanhid fashion of the period, and they started to put more emphasis on pattern over figuration.
Within the section of metalwork with signatures twenty-seven out of the thirty-five state themselves as 'al- Mawsili', and out of those eight state their provenance, through the name of the people for which they were created along with statements declaring their engenderment within Mosul.
Some notable scholars that have helped shape the basis of this study include: Joseph Toussaint Reinaud, Henri Lavoix, Gaston Migeon, Max Van Berchem, Mehmed Aga-Oglu, David Storm Rice.
In the early years of Mosul Metalwork, around 1828, Joseph Toussaint Reinaud, published a collection that included the first item to clearly state it's creation in Mosul, the 'Blacas ewer', an artifact consistently scrutinized by scholars when exploring Mosul style.
Then in 1860's the credibility of Mosul was being questioned by scholars, it was during that century that Henry Lavoix declared that Damascus, Aleppo, Mosul, and Egypt all created inlaid metalwork, but specifically singled out Mosul as a source for a unique style unseen throughout the medium.
A critical point in the scholarship came in the beginning of the 20th, through Gaston Migeon, whose claims over the precedency of Mosul caused objection and an urgency for reliability.
Present day, Mosul Metalwork is still elusive, and lacks a sustaining amount of scholarship, but scholars continue to construct a field that utilizes substantiated evidence through designs, inscription, and other items engendered specifically in Mosul around the 13th century.
An example of this is represented in an article written by Ruba Kana' An who utilizes its iconography and description to construct the argument stating the Freer Ewer as one of many metalworks constructed in Mosul.
As a member of Team Canada, Durepos competed in five Paralympic Games where he won 3 gold medals along with one silver.
After suffering from a spinal cord injury due to a motorcycle crash in 1988, he lost the use of his legs.
In the following years, he joined the National Wheelchair Basketball Association where he led the Milwaukee Bucks to a Final Four Championship title in 2002 and became the first Canadian to be named MVP in Division I of the National Wheelchair Basketball Association.
While still a member of the Canada National Team, Durepos was named MVP back-to-back at the Canadian National Championships in 2006 and 2007.
It began on 22 November 2019 at the Dubai Autodrome, United Arab Emirates, and is scheduled to finish on February 16 2020 at the Madras Motor Race Track in Chennai, India.
Aytakin Israel oglu Mammadov () (29 May 1967, Gadabay, Azerbaijan SSR – December 1991, Goygol, Azerbaijan Republic) — was the military serviceman of Azerbaijan Armed Forces, warrior during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and National Hero of Azerbaijan.
The Church of St. Thomas à Becket is a parish church of Box, Wiltshire in southwest England, and is one of a number of churches named after Thomas Becket.
Ricquier has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 2002, and a professor of biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Paris Descartes since 2003.
Ricquier is a university professor and hospital practitioner at faculté́ of medicine at the University of Paris-Descartes, and at the Necker-Enfants malades Hospital, since 2003.
His work has contribué́ to identify a family of proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration, ATP yield, heat production and mitochondrial control of the level of cellular oxygenated free radicals.
Ricquier described in 1976 a mitochondrial membrane protein specific for brown adipocytes, later named UCP (uncoupling protein) and identified by David Nicholls as the protein responsible for heat energy dissipation.
Having isolated antibodies specific to this protein, he demonstrated brown adipocytes in neonates and adult patients and demonstrated that the sympathetic nervous system controls the development of brown adipose tissue and the synthesis of DCS in animals and humans.
With Fréderic Bouillaud, in 1984 and in collaboration with Jean Weissenbach at the Pasteur Institute, he isolated and sequenced the complementary DNA of the UCP and the UCP gene from rodents and humans.
He also identified a new cerebral mitochondrial transporter, BMCP, an avian UCP and a renal mitochondrial transporter KMCP and contributed to the identification of the first plant UCP protein.
He was able to obtain mice without the UCP2 gene, demonstrating the essential role of this gene in innate immunity and the limitation of free radical levels, particularly in macrophages in collaboration with Denis Richard at Laval University.
Applications of the work include metabolic diseases (obesity, diabetes), nutrition, degenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases involving oxygenated free radicals in atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration.
Pierre-Joseph Witdoeck, also known as Petrus Josephus Witdoeck (4 January 1803, Antwerp - 16 October 1889, Tournai) was a Belgian painter and architect.
He was the son of Franciscus Donatus Witdoeck (1766-1834), a painter and professor of architecture at the Royal Academy, who gave him his first lessons.
This was followed by an appointment as the City Architect of Turnhout, where he also founded and directed a design academy.
Rebekka Elisabeth Ziska Dahl (born 20 August 1996) is a danish martial artist who represents her native country Denmark in sport jujitsu (JJIF).
Pieter Koenraad (6 June 1890 - 22 February 1968) was a Dutch Naval Officer, the Rear-Admiral of naval forces in the Dutch East Indies between 1943 and 1946, during World War II.
Before the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, he was the flag officer in command of the important naval base at Soerabaja.
He served first in the Dutch West Indies and then alternately between the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, both on shore and on board ships.
In the East, he became successively commander of a torpedo boat hunter, then commander of the Oedjong Naval Barracks near Soerabaja, and finally commander of a division of torpedo boat hunters.
He realised the invasion of Java was just a matter of time, and started to prepare the evacuation of naval personnel to Ceylon or Australia.
Koenraad and his staff embarked on the submarine K-XII, which made it to Australia safely in March 1942, and from there he left for England.
with headquarters in Melbourne, from 1 May 1943 to 1 October 1945; until November 1943 he was also Deputy Commander of Dutch East Indies Armed Forces.
From 6 October 1945 to 21 January 1946, Koenraad continued his task as the Acting Commander of the Navy in the Dutch East Indies, with its headquarters in Batavia.
Although Koenraad was not a particularly powerful military figure, in March 1942, during the evacuation of the navy from the Dutch East Indies, he acted independently and responsively, so that he and his naval staff were able to evade capture by the Japanese.
In Australia his task was mostly administrative; the operational command over the Dutch naval units present being overseen by the Americans.
The lack of communication with the Commander of the Dutch East Indies Armed Forces, Vice-admiral Helfrich in Colombo (Ceylon) did not facilitate his task.
However Koenraad did not lack personal courage; more than once he participated in flights from Australia to the occupied Dutch East Indies.
The camp is operated by the Republic of Singapore Air Force and located on Lim Chu Kang Road opposite Choa Chu Kang Cemetery.
The camp houses elements from Singapore Air Defense Artillery 63 Squadron (Medium altitude air defence) and 160 Squadron (Airfield defence) as HQ/Garrison for 165 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force.
The cabinet consists of a coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party, the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance, and the Swedish People's Party.
At the start of its tenure, there will be a total of 19 ministers in Marin Cabinet: seven ministers from the Social Democratic Party, five ministers from the Centre Party, three from the Green League, and two each from the Left Alliance and Swedish People's Party.
The new leader of the Centre Party, Katri Kulmuni, was promoted from Minister of Economic Affairs to Minister of Finance, a position which carries significant veto power over government finances, switching places with Mika Lintilä.
Sirpa Paatero, previously responsible for local government and ownership steering, was readmitted into the government despite her resignation from the Rinne Cabinet just days before.
Tuula Haatainen took over as Minister of Employment from Timo Harakka, while Harakka was given Sanna Marin's former portfolio of Minister of Transport and Communications.
On 11 December 2019, all opposition parties filed a motion leading to a vote of no-confidence over repatriation of Finnish women and children from the Syrian Al-Hawl refugee camp.
The motion follows criticism over the evasive statements on the issue by the government and the accusations that the Minister of Foreign Affairs Pekka Haavisto had supplied inaccurate information to the Parliament.
Haavisto had rejected assertions that detailed plans existed to bring Finnish citizens home, while Finnish national broadcasting company Yle broke news about official documents stating otherwise.
Haavisto was also accused of pushing through a plan to bring the children back to Finland without their mothers' consent by sidelining a top ministry official in the process.
On the following day, 10 MPs filed a notion to the Constitutional Law Committee to request an inspection into the actions of Haavisto.
The cyclone of 1929 (also known as the Great Leith flood of 1929) was an unnamed tropical cyclone that struck New Zealand in mid-March 1929 causing widespread flooding and destruction.
The cyclone brought high winds to the northeast of the country, causing extensive damage in the Bay of Plenty on 18 March, before bringing heavy rain to coastal Canterbury and Otago, causing Dunedin's worst-ever flood.
Crops were inundated in several parts of the region, and the South Island Main Trunk Railway was washed out south of Glenavy.
Minor flooding occurred around the Kawarau Gorge and Cromwell, and several small creeks in the area became torrents, washing out roads, and severe damage was also caused to roads around Milton.
Rail and other communication links were badly affected, with a railway worker killed as a result of the weather at Salisbury in the Taieri Gorge.
The Water of Leith changed course, scouring out a new channel (part of which had been an earlier course of the river).
In the southern part of the urban area, 100 houses were flooded from Cargill's Corner to Caversham, with the most badly affected area being around Kensington.
The engine of a goods train from Ranfurly did not stop in time to avoid a washout in the Taieri Gorge.
As a result of the storm, the lower reaches of the Water of Leith have now been contained within concrete channels, and the flow is controlled by several small weirs, notably just to the north of Woodhaugh Gardens and at the George Street bridge.
There has been extensive ongoing flood protection going on since 2013, which is still ongoing, most recently resulting in the extensive closure of the Dundas St bridge.
In 2013 he finally left Vålerenga for a spell in Lyn, which became the start of a journeyman career, spending between a half and two seasons in Ull/Kisa, Oppsal, Follo, Ullern and Ørn-Horten.
Skaters are eligible for the 2020 Four Continents Championships if they turned 15 years of age before July 1, 2019 and have met the minimum technical elements score requirements.
The ISU accepts scores if they were obtained at senior-level ISU-recognized international competitions at least 21 days before the first official practice day of the championships.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Hagwilget Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The spelling changed to Hagwilget Peak on February 1, 1963, when officially adopted by the Geographical Names Board of Canada in order to conform with the modern spelling of the namesake village, Hagwilget.
United States competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics which is being held in Valtellina and Valchiavenna, Italy, from December 12 to 21, 2019.
This was the nation's 12th appearance at the Winter Deaflympics, having regularly participated at the event since making its debut in 1967.
42 athletes represented US at the Deaflympics in all six sporting events including chess, cross-country skiing, curling, ice hockey, alpine skiing and snowboarding.
The women's team was not eligible to compete at the event as the women's ice hockey event was discontinued by the organizers and by the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf due to the low number of participants.
In total snowboarders representing the United States won two gold medals, one silver medal and two bronze medals and the country finished in 2nd place in the snowboarding medal table.
As part of the metro's Phase 1, the station was inaugurated on 8 May 2019, along with most other Red Line stations.
Among the station's facilities are a Masraf Al Rayyan ATM, a Qatar National Bank ATM, a prayer room, restrooms and a carpark.
The Rural Representative elections are the quadrennial elections to elect the rural representatives which consist of the village representatives and kaifong representatives in the New Territories.
The rural representatives are responsible for electing the executive committees of their respective rural committees in which to elect the members of the Heung Yee Kuk.
The previous electoral systems for a village or a group of villages came up around the end of World War II, in which they were conducted privately on a clan basis.
All the candidates and electors were the indigenous inhabitants, ie person who could establish their patrilineal descent from a resident of a village that was in existence before the 1898 Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory.
Chan was denied the right to vote even though he married an indigenous inhabitants while Tse was denied the right to stand.
The cases were eventually heard by the Court of Final Appeal in December 2000, which ruled that the electoral arrangements were inconsistent with the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance while those in Po Toi O were also inconsistent with the Sex Discrimination Ordinance.
In the proposal, the election would be held in a electoral system of two types of village representatives which represent both the indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants.
576) was later renamed as Rural Representative Election Ordinance in 2014, which created a new type of kaifong representative which only were introduced in Cheung Chau and Peng Chau Rural Committee of the Islands District, for the electing non-village representatives to reflect views on local affairs on behalf of Cheung Chau and Peng Chau residents.
Indigenous inhabitants are returned by the elector of indigenous inhabitants which have the exclusive power to deal with all affairs relating to traditional rights and interests of the indigenous villages, while resident representatives are to reflect view on behalf of the non-indigenous residents.
Kaifong representatives only exist in Cheung Chau and Peng Chau which are elected by the market towns of the respective areas.
Back to the Rafters is an upcoming Australian family-oriented drama/comedy television program which will premiere on the Amazon Prime Video in 2020.
The series will be a Spinoff Sequel to Packed to the Rafters, which aired on Seven Network from 2008 to 2013.
Dave and Julie have created a new life in the country with youngest daughter Ruby, while the older Rafter children face new challenges and Grandpa Ted struggles to find his place.
Hailing from Dublin, California, Damonte is one of the few domestic mid laners to have recently competed in North America's LCS, alongside other players like Pobelter.
From July 2016 to June 2017, he played as the mid laner for Delta Fox, Echo Fox's academy team competing in the Challenger Series.
Damonte made his LCS debut in May 2017, after he was promoted to a starting position in Echo Fox's main roster.
However, he was moved back to the academy roster in December 2017, before once again being promoted to the main roster in July 2018 following a brief suspension for poor behaviour in online ranked matches.
In November 2018 it was announced that Clutch Gaming had signed Damonte to a two-year contract to complete its starting roster for the 2019 spring split.
Initially seeing disappointing results with a ninth place finish in the 2019 LCS Spring regular season, Damonte and his teammates made a comeback in the summer split after replacing Piglet with Cody Sun in the bot lane.
The team first secured a spot in the summer playoffs after defeating the Golden Guardians in a determining match, then they defeated TSM in the quarterfinals, before losing to Team Liquid in the semifinals.
Due to being reverse swept by CLG in the third-place decider match, Clutch Gaming was forced to begin in the first round of the regional qualifier for the 2019 World Championship.
After defeating FlyQuest, CLG and TSM in the first, second and third rounds respectively, Damonte qualified for his first World Championship, alongside his teammates.
At the 2019 World Championship, Clutch Gaming began in the play-in stage as North America's third seed, only qualifying for the main event after defeating Turkish team Royal Youth in the second round of the play-in stage.
However, in November 2019 Damonte announced that Dignitas had decided not to exercise the second year option stipulated under his original contract with Clutch Gaming (which Dignitas had acquired), and that he had been released from the team.
Verity is the sister of the soap's longest-running character Tony Hutchinson (Nick Pickard) and the daughter of Edward Hutchinson (Joe McGann).
George will be involved in the County lines drug trafficking storyline, and will make his first appearance after Nancy Osborne (Jessica Fox) is stabbed at Hollyoaks High.
It's a really nice way to be introduced, showing him as someone who's trustworthy and who can take control of a dangerous situation.
The character was announced on 24 January 2020, while speculation about Blackwood being cast on the show started on 23 January 2020 after he was spotted on set.
Felix is a past love interest of Martine Deveraux (Kelle Bryan), and is the father of Mitchell Deveraux (Imran Adams) and Toby Faroe (Bobby Gordon).
The 2019–20 Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament, also called Adidas Next Generation Tournament by sponsorship reasons, is the 18th edition of the international junior basketball tournament organized by the Euroleague Basketball.
As in past years, 32 under-18 teams from 14 countries joined the first stage, which will play in four qualifying tournaments between December 2019 and February 2020.
The first qualifying tournament featured Valencia Basket, 2016 ANGT champion Barcelona, Herbalife Gran Canaria and Unicaja, all from Spain, LDLC ASVEL from France, Cibona from Croatia, Olympiacos from Greece and Tofaş from Turkey.
The second qualifying tournament featured reigning ANGT champion Real Madrid from Spain, ALBA Berlin, Bayern Munich, Porsche Ludwigsburg and ratiopharm Ulm, all from Germany, three-time ANGT champion CSKA Moscow from Russia, Stellazzurra Rome from Italy and Promitheas Patras from Greece.
The third qualifying tournament will feature twice ANGT champions Žalgiris and Rytas, both from Lithuania, 2013 ANGT champion Joventut Badalona and Casademont Zaragoza, both from Spain, Fenerbahce Beko from Turkey, Nanterre 92 from France, Umana Reyer Venice from Italy and for the first time Barking Abbey London from England.
The fourth qualifying tournament will feature 2014 ANGT champion Crvena zvezda mts plus fellow Serbian sides Mega Bemax and Partizan NIS, two-time ANGT champion CFBB Paris from France, Cedevita Olimpija from Slovenia, Asseco Arka Gdynia from Poland, Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv from Israel and Panathinaikos OPAP from Greece.
Kazakhstan is competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics which will be held in Valtellina and Valchiavenna, Italy, from December 12 to 21, 2019.
The women's team was not eligible to compete at the event as the women's ice hockey event was canceled by the organizers and by the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf due to the low number of participants.
Turner also played at the white clubs in St. Louis such as the Club Imperial, and soon gained a large following from white teenagers.
Turner's competition in the St. Louis club scene was musician Chuck Berry who once brought bluesman Muddy Waters to watch Turner perform.
One night in 1957, she was given the microphone by his drummer Eugene Washington during an intermission and she sang the B.B.
Impressed by her voice, Turner added her as a featured vocalist with his Kings of Rhythm; they later formed the duo Ike & Tina Turner.
In 1967, Albert King was performing at the Manhattan Club when promoter Bill Graham offered him $1,600 to play three nights at the Fillmore West in San Francisco.
State Road 998 (SR 998) is an east–west road in Homestead, Florida, connecting the southern terminus of SR 997 with U.S. Route 1 (US 1).
The road, known locally as Campbell Drive, North 8th Street and Southwest 312th Street runs just over and serves as a truck bypass around downtown Homestead.
SR 998 starts at the intersection of Campbell Road and Krome Avenue (SR 997 north/CR 997 south) and heads east, crossing the South Miami-Dade Busway, and ending at South Dixie Highway (US 1).
SR 998 was created in 2019 as part of a road swap between the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) and the county of Miami-Dade as part of FDOT's Krome Avenue widening project.
Since the portion of former SR 997 on Krome Avenue passes through a portion of downtown Homestead that could not accommodate a road widening, the state relinquished the highway to the county in exchange for Campbell Road entering the state highway system.
A total of 80 teams will compete in the first stage to decide forty places in the second stage of the 2020 Copa do Brasil.
<section begin=Draw />The draw for the first and second stage was held on 12 December 2019, 14:00 at CBF headquarters in Rio de Janeiro.
The matches were drawn from the respective confronts: A vs. E; B vs. F; C vs. G; D vs. H. The lower ranked teams hosted the first stage match.
Ben McGorty (born May 2, 1964) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 122nd district since 2014.
Yervant Terzian was born on February 9, 1939 in Alexandria, Egypt to a Greek mother, Maria (née Kyriakaki), daughter of a fisherman, and an Armenian father, Bedros Terzian, a merchant who survived the Armenian Genocide.
Between 1965 and 1967 Terzian worked as a research associate at the newly built Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, managed by Cornell University.
In different years, Terzian was visiting professor at University of Montreal (1973–74), University of Thessaloniki (1974), and University of California, San Diego (1999–2000).
Between 1996 and 2015 Terzian was the director of the NASA New York Space Grant Consortium at Cornell, which aimed to enhance science education.
He studied the physics of the stellar evolution, planetary nebulae, hydrogen gas between galaxies and the presence of unseen matter in intergalactic space.
His second wife was Patricia E. Fernandez de Castro Martinez, an editor at the Department of Astronomy at Cornell and president of the Latino Civic Association of Tompkins County.
Terzian was a member of a number of organizations, including the International Astronomical Union (1967), the International Union of Radio Science, and the American Astronomical Society.
He was a Foreign Member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences (1990), a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2001).
Terzian has received honorary doctorates from a number of universities: University of Indiana (1989), Yerevan State University (1994), University of Thessaloniki (1997), Union College (1999).
The White AM armoured car (officially the Automitrailleuse White or abbreviated as the White AM) was a French First World War armoured car that was built on a commercial American White Motor Company truck chassis with armoured bodies supplied by the French firm Ségur & Lorfeuvre, it was used by the French military from its introduction in 1915.
Between the wars the French military completely rebuilt the vehicles as the White-Laffly AMD 50 and the White-Laffly AMD 80, in these guises it served until at least 1943.
The White AM consisted of a turreted armoured car built upon imported American White truck chassis, with the armoured bodywork built and fitted in France, later vehicles were built upon locally manufactured White truck chassis.
The layout was similar to other armoured cars of the period with a front mounted engine, driver and co-driver in the centre behind the engine with the turret immediately behind the drivers, a set of duplicated rear facing driver's controls were at the rear of the hull to allow the vehicle to safely be driven backwards at speed.
The White AM's armoured hull had a maximum armour thickness of , it comprised approximately 30 armoured panels bolted onto a rigid steel frame and provided full over head protection for the crew.
The fully enclosed turret housed a 37mm Puteaux SA 18 gun and an 8mm Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun, unusually the two weapons were at opposite sides of turret, in service this arrangement proved difficult for the gunner compared to a coaxial arrangement.
The chassis was 4x2 rear wheel driven with leaf springs and doubled wheels at the rear, its 4-cylinder petrol engine delivered for a maximum speed of , it had a maximum range of .
The new chassis had a more powerful Laffly 4-cylinder engine delivering which gave an increased maximum speed of and increased range of , the vehicle retained the original turret with the 37 mm main armament, whilst the machine gun was substituted for a 7.5 mm FM 24/29 still in the rear facing position.
Again the original White chassis was replaced with a new Laffly LC2 chassis, this chassis featured a more powerful again Laffly 4-cylinder engine delivering which gave an further increased maximum speed of and range of .
The White-Laffly AMD 80 also had a new turret which mounted a 13.2 mm Hotchkiss M1929 heavy machine gun, a coaxial 7.5 mm FM 24/29 machine gun and a second FM 24/29 mounted at the rear of the turret.
In 1915 the French imported bare White Motor Company trucks chassis from the United States for which the French firm Ségur & Lorfeuvre designed, manufactured and fitted armoured hulls locally, the designers were able to draw upon lesson learnt from the earlier Renault and Peugeot armoured cars, the White combining the two weapons from the two variants of the Peugeot into the one turret.
In 1915 the Western Front had bogged down in trench warfare and there was little use in French service for armoured cars, so production was suspended.
In the late 1920s the original White chassis were deemed to be completely worn out, but the armoured bodywork was seen to be in good condition so in 1927 and 1928 designs were drawn up to replace the chassis.
The first prototype White-Laffly AMD 50 (AMD standing for Auto-Mitrailleuse de Découverte) was delivered in 1931 and 98 examples were upgraded, despite retaining none of the original White chassis the name White was retained to indicate the vehicle's origins.
It was soon determined that a further upgrade was required and so in 1933 the first White-Laffly AMD 80 was delivered, in total 28 examples were produced before the French Army switched procurement to the completely new Panhard 178.
By 1918 the French Army considered the White AM to be their best and most useful armoured car design and they were used extensively on the Western Front.
From 1937 both the White-Laffly AMD 50 and White-Laffly AMD 80 had been replaced in continental French service by the Panhard 178 and they were predominantly relegated to France's overseas territories, by May 1940 AMD 50s could be found in Algeria, Tunisia, Indochina and Lebanon although 13 remained in Metropolitan France, whilst all remaining AMD 80s were in French North Africa.
The Metropolitan French examples were captured by the invading German forces and were briefly used by the Wehrmacht to train personnel.
The vehicles in North Africa continued in service until at least 1943 when the remaining vehicles belonging to the Free French Forces were replaced by American M8 Greyhounds.
Andrea Morello (born 26 June 1972, in Pinerolo, Italy), is the Scientia Professor of quantum engineering in the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales, and a Program Manager in the ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (CQC2T).
His research career began at the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory where he investigated the magnetic phase diagram of high formula_1 superconductors.
He obtained his PhD in experimental physics from the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden in 2004, during which he explored the quantum dynamics of molecular nanomagnets at low temperatures.
Morello's research is primarily focused on designing and building the basic components of a quantum computer using the spins of single atoms in silicon.
His team were the first in the world to demonstrate the coherent control and readout of the electron and nuclear spin of an individual phosphorus atom in silicon, and for many years they held the record for the longest quantum memory time for a single qubit in the solid state (35.6 seconds) .
He has produced a series of YouTube videos 'The Quantum Around You' and 'Quantum Computing Concepts' to bring the fundamental concepts of quantum physics to a wider audience.
Morello also starred in a series of videos produced by YouTuber Derek Muller on his channel Veritasium, explaining the fundamental concepts of quantum computing, with the highest viewed video in this series being watched over 3.4 million times.
Antoine Triller, born on 23 May 1952, is research director at the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm).
In Jean Scherrer's laboratory, he turned to neurophysiology and initiated research work on inhibitory synapses with Henri Korn, a specialist in the field.
Since 2011, he has also been Director of the MemoLife Laboratory of Excellence, whose biology, physics and mathematics teams address memory processes, from genes to neural networks and the mechanisms of evolution.
It was by working on the Mauthner cell (en), a model used in the 1980s to study the quantum release mechanisms of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, that Antoine Triller began to focus on the intimate mechanisms of synapses and the molecules that compose them.
As early as 1985, he was able to visualize the glycine receptor in the synapses of the central nervous system by electron microscopy and show that neurotransmitter receptors are concentrated in front of the synaptic vesicle release zones.
By creating his laboratory at the École normale supérieure de la rue d'Ulm in 1995, he reoriented his activities towards the study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the recruitment and trafficking of receptors in the synapse.
In addition, using electron microscopy, he was able to demonstrate the presence of messenger RNAs encoding the glycine receptor in dendrites.
It is the subject of a founding article in Science that highlights multiple molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating these movements and ultimately the intensity of information transmission between neurons.
Antoine Triller has contributed to a new understanding of the mechanisms of addressing stability and plasticity of the synapse, making it possible to broaden pharmacological approaches to neural dysfunctions.
One of his contributions has been to demonstrate that these fundamental mechanisms are deregulated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
The 2020 Novak Djokovic tennis season officially began on 3 January 2020, in the first round at the inaugural 2020 ATP Cup venues in Brisbane.
At the 2020 ATP Cup Djokovic scored six victories (eight including doubles) including wins over Medvedev in the semifinal and Nadal in the final.
His record against players who were part of the ATP Rankings Top Ten at the time of their meetings is .
The current church was designed by the architect S.S.Teulon, who enlarged and redecorated the earlier Georgian church, between 1865-1873, giving it the appearance of a Greek Byzantine basilica.
A vestry was added in 1887, the organ enlarged in 1927, further redecoration in the 1950s and 'The Polygon' created in 1978.
The church contains a good collection of Victorian stained glass windows that were commissioned by Thomas Boddington, who lived at Gunnersbury Lodge, in 1864-74.
There is a memorial to John Horne Tooke (d 1812) by Louis Frederick Roslyn and a modern brass to Walrond Jackson, Bishop of Antigua, who died in Ealing in 1895.
The 11th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 2 May 1959 at the Silverstone Circuit, England.
The race was run over 50 laps of the Grand Prix circuit, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham in a Cooper T51.
Both cars performed well, placing third and sixth in practice, and Roy Salvadori achieved fastest lap on his way to second place.
According to historians, it was originally called Kandraha dance.Traditionally associated with the Magar people, it is also performed by the Gurung, Darai and Dura communities.
Although associated with its distinctive costume, musical instruments and prosody, some have expressed concern that Kaura is losing its authenticity due to perversions introduced by commercialisation and external influence, while others have been more optimistic deeming the changes a natural part of the cultural evolution and increasing popularity.
elabFTW is a Web application written by Nicolas Carpi in PHP which can be used to create personal and common logbooks.
The illegally armed perpetrator left the scene before arrival of police and committed suicide as police closed in on him later during the day.
The perpetrator had three previous criminal convictions, including one for a violent crime, and a previous hospitalization in a psychiatric ward.
This was the third deadliest attack in modern Czech history alongside a 2013 explosion in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm, and after the 2015 Uherský Brod shooting and 1973 Prague vehicular rampage.
He briefly stopped at the cardiology waiting room and then at the gastroenterology waiting room, both of which were almost empty.
There were about thirty people in the room, all of them either partially immobile (on a wheelchair or with a limb in splint) or accompanying a partially immobile family member.
Two of the victims were off-duty prison guards, one with a leg in a splint and the other accompanying his minor daughter.
Police received the first emergency call at 7:19 a.m. and the first police unit reached the location of the incident five minutes later.
All Czech policemen are armed with pistols and a typical patrol car includes two policemen who usually have at least one long select-fire firearm (HK MP5, MP7 or G36) in the trunk, as well as bullet proof vests.
The first order patrol cars are positioned so as to reach any similar incident within ten minutes anywhere in the country and thus overcome the delay needed for arrival of a complete SWAT team.
The perpetrator drove away from the hospital in a grey Renault Laguna, at some point taking down its registration plates, possibly to avoid detection by automatic traffic cameras.
His mother called the police and informed them about her son being the perpetrator, his whereabouts and a description of his car.
By this time the police had arrested eight men in the hospital, its vicinity and elsewhere in Ostrava who fit the initial general description of the perpetrator, which later turned out to be completely wrong.
Although he was initially conscious and communicated with first responders, he then succumbed to his injury after 30 minutes of resuscitation attempts.
The perpetrator had spent some time in a psychiatric ward two years before the attack following hospitalisation for tetany, which is often accompanied by depression.
The perpetrator used CZ 75 pistol that was made about 30 years before as non-functional cut-away replica for purposes of education and training.
Police experts had not encountered similar conversion of a cut-away before and noted that it was done in a very sophisticated way.
Skandinavskii sbornik (Scandinavian compilation), also Скандинавский сборник, Skandinaavia kogumik, and Skrifter om Skandinavien, was an annual serial publication of the history and wider humanities in Scandinavia and the Baltic.
It was published by the University of Tartu in Estonia between 1956 and 1990 and has been described as the principal forum for scholars of Nordic studies in the Soviet region.
It emphasised long-term trends over short-term events and had a philosophy that peaceful coexistence between nations and peoples was the most natural order of things.
Its founder and first editor, with Lidiia K. Roots, was the historian and food-writer William Pokhlyobkin (1923–2000) who served until 1961.
It was part of an expansion in Nordic studies in Russia and the Soviet republics that saw departments of Nordic studies established in many universities and institutions in the Soviet region after the Second World War.
Its philosophy was to emphasise long-term historical processes and periods of peace over warfare, arguing that peaceful coexistence among nations and peoples was the most natural order of things.
The emphasis on peaceful periods was needed as Soviet scholarship had formerly focused mainly on Russian wars with the Swedes, thus neglecting the internal economic and social development of the Scandinavian countries.
In Shaskol'skii's opinion, the Marxist-Leninist approach enabled breakthroughs in solving problems that had defeated bourgeois historians, such as the ownership of peasant lands in Norway.
He also noted the extensive use made by authors of archival material, in Russia and outside, that had not previously been examined by Soviet scholars, and the frequency with which contributors addressed questions of historiography and interpretation.
Like Shaskol'skii, Kuujo noted authors referencing archives throughout the Soviet Union, for instance in Tartu and Riga, not just in Moscow.
Apart from history, the journal also covered economics, law, philosophy and the wider humanities, such as linguistics and the runic alphabets and inscriptions of Scandinavia such as the runic wand from Staraja Ladoga in north-west Russian, and a likely phonemic structure for the runic alphabet.
They have stems with pseudomonopodial branching in which unequal binary branching produces the appearance of a main stem with secondary side branches.
Sporangia are borne at the bases or in the axils of special spore-bearing leaves (sporophylls), which are notably different from the normal leaves, and are usually grouped into compact terminal structures (strobili).
Several different ways of representing this situation taxonomically have been used, and are still in use , including three subfamilies with multiple genera, and three genera with multiple subgeneric divisions.
The composer Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710–1784), eldest son of Johann Sebastian Bach, lived here during part of his career; the building now has an exhibition about W. F. Bach and other composers who lived in Halle.
From 1746 to 1770, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach lived in Halle, where he was organist at Marktkirche Unser Lieben Frauen; from 1763 or earlier, he lived in this house.
Another pioneer, Carlo Patrian (1930-2008), began studying yoga in 1950 and founded the yoga institute that still bears his name in Milan in 1965.
In the 21st century, yoga is growing steadily in Italy, and the International Day of Yoga (21 June) is celebrated across the country each summer.
The 2018 Coop report (compiled by Nielsen in 2017) stated that 11% of the women of Italy and 3% of the men practiced yoga or Pilates; 32% of those consulted said they intended to practice in future.
(Eunice) Jane Millgate born Eunice Jane Barr (1937 – 26 January 2019) was a British born Emeritus Professor of English at the University of Toronto.
Millgate started her thirty year career at the University of Toronto in 1964 where she was teaching English at Victoria College.
In the 1980s she was the vice Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science, but she was known for her teaching and especially of 19th century literature.
Bartholomew Esmonde was born December 12, 1789, the second son of Dr. John Esmonde and Helen (née O'Callan) of Sallins, Co. Kildare.
Bartholomews father John Esmonde (of the Esmonde baronets family, of Ballynastragh, Co. Wexford) was executed by hanging, following his role in the United Irishmen, 1798 Rebellion in Prosperous, Co. Kildare.
In conjunction with two of his brethren, Paul Ferley and Charles Aylmer, compiled A short Explanation of the Principal Articles of the Catholic Faith (Palermo, at the royal printing-office), 1812, 12mo; and The Devout Christian's Daily Companion, being a Selection of Pious Exercises for the use of Catholics (Palermo, 1812).
He lived in Rome from 1842, where he was did much of the design of the Gardiner St. church and then Malta, returning to Ireland in 1850.
A Portrait of him is in the Jesuits building in Gardner Street, also a monument to him in St. Michaels Church, Gorey, both commissioned and gifted by his brother Sir.
Mera Chaorel Houba or Mera Chaoren Houba is the religious festival of Manipur, dedicated to the Lord Lainingthou Sanamahi and Leimarel Sidabi, celebrated by the Meitei people and the indigenous tribal communities of the hills.
The main location of the festival is the Kangla Palace and the Sanamahi Temple, Imphal West district, Manipur, where devotees offer fruits, vegetables, rice, and especially lights and inscences at the temple.
Vidyanagar is a village within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the subdivision, on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is an alluvial stretch, with industrial development.
As per the map of the Bishnupur II CD block in the District Census Handbook, it could be a part of either Chanddandaha or Maukhali.
It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, political science, history, philosophy, economics, physics, chemistry, mathematics, botany, zoology, and general courses in arts, science and commerce.
The Amtala Rural Hospital at Amtala with 50 beds is the major government medical facility in the Bishnupur II CD block.
During Indonesian War of Independence, intelligence activities was conducted by intelligence staff bureau within Indonesian National Armed Forces HQ to provide information for both government and military.
Around 1950 and along with development of Army's organization, intelligence function introduced within Army's HQ with the name of Army's General Staff I, which consist of 3 bureau (bureau-1 intelligence operation and security, bureau-2 administration, bureau-3 training/organization).
Born in Berlin, Wilhelm sang as a child in Berlin church choirs and as a youth in the youth choir of the Berliner Rundfunk.
After World War II, Wilhelm received his vocal training from Götte at the Musikhochschule in his hometown Berlin in 1947, before he began at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1951, where he was employed as an opera and oratorio singer.
In 1956 Wilhelm moved to the opera in Kassel before joining the ensemble of the Hamburg State Opera from 1962 to 1973.
He was also internationally active as a concert singer and appeared with his vocal skills several times in front of film and television cameras.
Attracted by both biology and physics, Michel Thellier has developed a dual culture by passing, at the Faculty of Sciences of Paris, a degree in biology-geology (1954-1955) later supplemented by in-depth plant physiology, nuclear physics and radioactivity, physical theories.
Assistant (1956), Head of Works (1958) and Assistant Professor (1962) at the Faculty of Sciences of Paris, Doctor of Science (1963) after his return from military service, Professor in Tunis [scientific and technical cooperation] (1963-1966) then in Rouen (1966-1994) where he directed the Laboratory associated with the CNRS Cell Physiology, Signals and Regulations (1978-1990).
Trace Microprobe Techniques[Marcel Dekker Inc., New York] (1994-2000), Elected to the French Academy of sciences (1991) and the Académie d'Agriculture de France (2000), Professor emeritus (1994).
Performed in the Navy as an Instructor in Nuclear Physics and Aggressive Radioactive Physics (1960-1962) with the rank of Ship Ensign [Lieutenant equivalent in other weapons].
Michel Thellier, who entered the research through the study of boron plant nutrition (an essential element, but at an extremely low dose), due to the lack of a radioisotope of sufficient duration, used the stable isotope 10B as a tracer by detecting it thanks to its large cross-section effective for the reaction (n, α).
First using the neutrons from the ZOE nuclear cell, he was the first to measure flux and perform boron imaging in plant samples.
He generalized the Li, N and O method for animal and plant samples, obtaining in particular the first image of the distribution of lithium in the brain of mice subjected to lithium treatment similar to that used at the time for manic-depressive psychosis in humans.
Then he used secondary ion emission microscopy tools to do with stable isotopes almost everything that is traditionally done with radioactive isotopes, and eventually obtained SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) equipment for his laboratory.
Active transport has been produced by artificial, relatively simple and symmetrical systems, which may have had a role in prebiotic stages.
Some experiments suggesting information storage, he proposed that a form of memory exists in plants: memory of the storage/recall type, calcium-dependent and probably involving ionic condensation effects.
As university professor, Michel Thellier was an active teacher, not hesitating to carry out the Directed Works corresponding to his courses himself.
Dahgawan (Hindi: दहगवां) is a Block and a nagar panchayat in Dahgawan block, Badaun District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Pick of the Litter is an American documentary web television series by Dana Nachman and Don Hardy for Disney+ based on 2018 film of the same name, also written and directed by the duo, that began streaming on December 20, 2019.
The series follows six potential guide dogs named Paco, Pacino, Raffi, Amara, Tulane, and Tartan and how they are nurtured, trained, loved, and shepherded along the way forward potentially changing a blind human companion’s life and working as their guide dog.
Shortly after the trailer for the film released, Disney put out an idea to adapt the film into a series and the negotiations began for making the series.
When the idea about this series is pitched to Chris Beginner, CEO of Guide dogs for Blind he accepted as it would make more people aware about their organisation.
Instead of doing again the same thing what they did with the feature, the directing duo decided focus on the period of the transition from getting the puppies from puppy raiser homes to twelve weeks of training they undergo for becoming a guide dog by focusing on specific litter.
As the production doesn't want to disturb the training process, they used smaller camera on a gimbal that then goes into a monopod that can be flipped upside down.
The first episode is scheduled to premiere on Disney+ on December 20, 2019 with the following episodes debuting weekly on Fridays.
Her family relocated to Muringa and there she had her primary and secondary education at Muringa Primary School and Gitugi Girls Secondary School respectively.
She furthered her education at the University of Nairobi where she acquired a bachelor's degree in a Chemistry and Zoology, and a master's degree in Medical Physiology.
In 2017, she became a member of the Parliamentary Broadcasting & Library committee and the Departmental Committee on Health at the National Assembly.
As Kosovo could not qualify through the normal group stage, Kosovo as a D3 League winner in the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League secured participation in UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying play-offs, where it will play with North Macedonia.
Two months before the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying play-offs, Kosovo played its first match in 2020 against Sweden in Doha on January 12, this friendly match ended in a 1–0 minimal away defeat and this match was a test match, where they were tested the players from the Football Superleague of Kosovo, but also players who not had space in national team.
In addition to the match against Sweden it was planned to play another friendly match against United States on January 15, but the match was canceled by United States due to the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis.
Bella is a Ugandan drama film directed by Matt Bish and stars Cinderella Sanyu in her debut film acting role as Bella.
Bella tells the story of a homeless girl with a great singing talent who one day crosses paths with a music promoter and her life changes for the better.
The film received numerous nominations at the Uganda Film Festival Awards in 2018 including Best Feature Film, Best Actress, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography among others.
Cindy also received a nomination at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in Nigeria for Best Young Actor and at the Nigeria Entertainment Awards for Best Africa Lead Actor (Non Nigerian), both for her role as Bella.
He Zhongyou (; born November 1965) is a Chinese politician currently serving as Communist Party Secretary of Haikou and member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Hainan Provincial Committee.
After graduating in July 1988, he was assigned to the Guangdong Provincial Communications Department, becoming its Party Branch Secretary in April 2007 and the head in March 2008.
He obtained his Master of Science degree from London School of Economics at the expense of the Communist government in 1996.
In December 2011 he was transferred to Heyuan and appointed Communist Party Secretary there, he concurrently served as chairman of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress in January 2012.
He was secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Politics and Law Commission in May 2017, and held that office until December 2019.
On December 5, 2019, he was appointed Communist Party Secretary of Haikou and member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Hainan Provincial Committee, replacing Zhang Qi, who was sacked for graft in September 2019.
Hamza Khafif (), also known by the pseudonym TaSh36, is a Moroccan actor, poet, musician, and graphic artist from Casablanca, Morocco.
In the past, he performed as a percussionist with Kabaret Cheikhats, a musical troop that performs traditional Moroccan and Arabic folk songs in drag.
He performed the role of Omar, one of the main characters, in Meryem Benm'Barek-Aloïsi's 2018 film Sofia, an award winning film at the Cannes Film Festival.
On October 26, 2019, Khafif's work was exhibited alongside a screening of Manel Mahdouani's work on Amazigh tattooing in an exhibition called Imazighan () at Bachibouzouk.
TaSh36's work explored motifs from Amazigh art and culture and their relationship with Moroccan history, in an attempt to renew them.
Cross was selected in the 1987 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Cross emerged as a promising prospect while playing at South Plantation High School in Plantation, Florida, and received multiple scholarship offers from NCAA Division I colleges.
However, he was not initially academically eligible and instead played his first two seasons of college basketball with the Miami Dade Sharks.
In 1986, Cross was offered a scholarship by the University of Hawaii at Manoa, who had first attempted to recruit him during his high school career.
He was required to spend the 1986–87 season at Leeward Community College while not playing basketball to become academically eligible for Hawaii.
During his senior season in 1988–89, Cross led Hawaii to its first postseason bid since 1974 while averaging 18.6 points per game.
Cross was subsequently selected to the All-WAC First Team, while he was named as Hawaii's most outstanding player during both of his seasons with the team.
He gained further attention from NBA teams following a promising showing at an All-Star Game in Japan and earned invites to multiple NBA tryout camps.
Cross spent the 1990 season in the Continental Basketball Association, splitting his season between the Grand Rapids Hoops and the Yakima Sun Kings.
At the end of the 1990 CBA season, Cross joined the Orlando Magic for training camp but did not make the team's final roster.
After a stint in France playing for Le Mans Sarthe during the 1991–92 season, Cross returned to the United States in 1992 to play for the Palm Beach Stingrays of the United States Basketball League (USBL) and the Columbus Horizon of the CBA.
Following the conclusion of the CBA season, he joined the Washington Bullets for training camp but missed time with the team due to an illness in his family.
In June 1993 he played for the Winnipeg Thunder of the Canadian National Basketball League after having been part of the Montreal Dragons roster.
Phenoscape is a project to develop a database of phenotype data for species across the Ostariophysi, a large group of teleost fish.
The data is captured using annotations that combine terms from an anatomy ontology, an accompanying taxonomic ontology, and quality terms from the PATO ontology of phenotype qualities.
The Somers Mutiny was a planned mutiny on board the American brig while on a training mission in 1842 under Captain Alexander Slidell Mackenzie (1803-1848).
He learned that young Midshipman Philip Spencer (1823-1842) was plotting a mutiny that would kill all the officers and most of the trainees and become a very fast, well-armed pirate ship.
He had Spencer arrested and all the officers agreed that to save the ship they had to immediately execute Spencer and his two co-conspirators.
On 25 November 1842, during the passage to the West Africa and back Midshipman Philip Spencer, the son of Secretary of War John C. Spencer, tried to enlist purser's steward J.W.
On 26 November, Wales notified Captain Mackenzie of the plan through his chain of command via purser H.M. Heiskill and first lieutenant Guert Gansevoort.
Captain Mackenzie was not inclined to take the matter seriously, but instructed Lt. Gansevoort to watch Spencer and the crew for evidence of confirmation.
Lt. Gansevoort learned from other members of the crew that Spencer had been observed in secret nightly conferences with seaman Small and Boatswain's Mate Samuel Cromwell.
Papers written in English using Greek letters were discovered in a search of Spencer's locker and translated by Midshipman Henry Rodgers.
Philip Spencer had been a founding member of the Chi Psi fraternity at Union College, Schenectady, New York, in May, 1841.
The timing and circumstances were regarded as suspicious; and Cromwell, the largest man on the crew, was questioned about his alleged meetings with Spencer.
On 28 November wardroom steward Henry Waltham was flogged for having stolen brandy for Spencer; and, after the flogging, Captain Mackenzie informed the crew of a plot by Spencer to have them murdered.
Sailmaker's mate Charles A. Wilson was detected attempting to obtain a weapon on that afternoon, and Landsman McKinley and Apprentice Green missed muster when their watch was called at midnight.
Four more men were put in irons on the morning of 30 November: Wilson, McKinley, Green, and Cromwell's friend, Alexander McKie.
Perry) and three oldest midshipmen (Henry Rodgers, Egbert Thompson, and Charles W. Hayes), asking their opinion as to the best course of action.
In response, the captain noted the fatigue of his officers, the smallness of the vessel and the inadequacies of the confinement.
Similar to statues of deities in other cities in Mesopotamia, the Babylonians conflated this statue with their actual god, believing that Marduk himself resided in their city through the statue.
Because of the enormous significance of the statue, it was sometimes used as a means of psychological warfare by Babylon's enemies.
Enemy powers such as the Hittites, the Assyrians and the Elamites stole the statue during sacks of the city, which caused religious and political turmoil as Babylon's traditional rituals could then not be completed.
Returns of the statue, either through the enemies giving it back or through a Babylonian king campaigning and successfully retrieving it, were occasions for great celebrations.
The final mentions of the statue are from the period of Achemenid Persian rule over Babylon and its final fate is uncertain.
The statue might have been removed and possibly destroyed by the Achaemenid king Xerxes I after a revolt in 482–481 BC, but historical sources used for this assumption might be referring to a completely different statue.
Marduk was the patron deity of the city Babylon, having held this position since the reign of Hammurabi (18th century BC) in Babylon's first dynasty.
Although Babylonian worship of Marduk never meant the denial of the existence of the other gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon, it has sometimes been compared to monotheism.
The history of worship of Marduk is intimately tied to the history of Babylon itself and as Babylon's power increased, so did the position of Marduk relative to that of other Mesopotamian gods.
The myth tells how the universe originated as a chaotic realm of water, in which there originally were two primordial deities; Tiamat (salt water, female) and Abzu (sweet water, male).
These deities (including gods such as Enki) had little to do in these early stages of existence and as such occupied themselves with various activities.
Although Tiamat had revealed the plot to Enki to warn him, the death of Abzu horrified her and she too attempted to kill her children, rising an army together with her new consort Kingu.
Every battle in the war was a victory for Tiamat until Marduk convinced the other gods to proclaim him as their leader and king.
The gods agreed, and Marduk was victorious, capturing and executing Kingu and firing a great arrow at Tiamat, killing her and splitting her in two.
Marduk is also described as the creator of human beings, which were meant to help the gods in defeating and holding off the forces of chaos and thus maintain order on Earth.
The Babylonians themselves conflated the statue with the actual god Marduk – the god was understood as living in the temple, among the people of his city, and not in the heavens.
This was no different from other Mesopotamian cities, who similarly conflated their gods with the representations used for them in their temples.
During the religiously important New Year's festival at Babylon, the statue was removed from the temple and paraded through Babylon before being placed in a smaller building outside the city walls, where the statue received fresh air and could enjoy a different view from the one it had from inside the temple.
Because the significance the statue held to the city, enemies of Babylon often used the statue as a means of psychological warfare.
When foreign powers conquered or plundered Babylon, the statue was often stolen from the city (a common way of weakening the power of defeated cities in ancient Mesopotamia).
Such events caused great distress for the Babylonians as the removal of the statue signified the actual departure of the real deity, their friend and protector.
If the statue was absent, the New Year's festival could not be celebrated and made other religious activities and rituals difficult to perform.
Statues of deities were sometimes destroyed by enemy powers, as was once the case for the statue Shamash in the deity's patron city, Sippar.
Although Babylon rebuilt its kingdom under the Kassite dynasty, the statue would spend centuries in the kingdom of the Hittites, possibly being returned 1344 BC by King Šuppiluliuma I as a gesture of goodwill.
The statue then remained in Babylon until the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I captured Babylon in 1225 BC, when he plundered the city and carried the statue away to the Assyrian capital, Assur.
What exactly happened thereafter is unclear, but the statue returned to Babylon at some point and was later, for unknown reasons, moved to the nearby city Sippar.
Sippar was sacked 1150 BC by the Elamites under their king, Shutruk-Nakhunte, who stole the statue, carrying it to his homeland Elam.
The statue was successfully seized and returned to Babylon after the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I ( 1125–1104 BC) campaigned against the Elamites.
Sennacherib had been seen as somewhat heretical by the Babylonians as he hadn't gone through with the traditional coronation ritual (with the statue) when he had proclaimed himself as Babylon's king.
When Sennacherib was murdered by his sons Arda-Mulissu and Sharezer in 681 BC, the Babylonians saw it as Marduk's divine retribution.
Some scholars have suggested that Sennacherib actually destroyed the original statue and the statue returned to Babylon in 668 BC was a replica.
Nabopolassar's son and heir, Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BC) widened the streets of Babylon so that the parade of the statue through the city at the New Year's festival would be made easier.
The Neo-Babylonian Empire was ended with the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC.
Cyrus showed respect for the city and the statue and his own inscriptions surrounding his conquest of the city explicitly state that Marduk was on his side in the war.
The first revolt broke out in June or July of 484 BC and was led by a rebel of the name Bel-shimanni.
Beginning in the summer of 482 BC, Shamash-eriba seized Babylon itself and other nearby cities, such as Borsippa and Dilbat, and was only defeated in March 481 BC after a lengthy siege of Babylon.
Using texts written by classical authors, it is assumed that Xerxes enacted a brutal vengeance on Babylon following the two revolts.
The Esagila was exposed to great damage and Xerxes allegedly carried the statue of Marduk away from the city, possibly bringing it to Iran and melting it down.
The story of Xerxes melting the statue comes chiefly from the ancient Greek writer Herodotus, who isn't otherwise considered entirely reliable and has been noted as being very anti-Persian.
Furthermore, some scholars doubt the statue was removed from Babylon at all and some have even suggested that Xerxes did remove a statue from the city, but that this was the golden statue of a man rather than the stone statue of the god Marduk.
Although contemporary evidence for Xerxes's retribution against Babylon is missing, mentions of the damage done by him to temples in the city is mentioned by later authors as well.
For instance, both the Roman historian Arrian and the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus describe how Alexander the Great restored some temples in the city which had been destroyed or damaged by Xerxes.
No mention of the statue is made by these authors, possibly indicating that it was no longer in the Esagila by Alexander's time.
There are later mentions of rulers giving gifts to Marduk in the Esagila, such as the Seleucid satrap Hyspaosines in 127 BC, but it is unclear if these mentions refer to the statue.
He was also known as a lecturer in law at University College Dublin and for frequent commentary on legal matters in the Irish media.
He appeared with Úna Ní Raifeartaigh and Paul O'Higgins in actions taken on behalf of the Director of Public Prosecutions against Seán FitzPatrick arising out of the collapse of Anglo Irish Bank.
He successfully represented the State in the High Court in the first Irish case to consider the admissibility of CCTV evidence.
He frequently represented the Data Protection Commissioner, including in the European Court of Justice in 2017 in a case which found that professional exam papers and examiner comments constitute personal data.
He often appeared on behalf of the Law Society of Ireland and the Medical Council of Ireland in prosecuting professional malpractice cases.
He also worked with the Central Bank of Ireland in inquiries, including into Quinn Insurance and the misselling of tracker mortgage products by Irish banks.
He co-authored a text on Irish criminal law with Peter Charleton and Marguerite Bolger and co-authored a book on the law of contract in Ireland with his brother James McDermott.
He received attention for his analysis and comments on the referendum to establish of the Court of Appeal and the referendum to repeal the Eighth Amendment.
His funeral took place in Newman University Church on 14 December 2019 and was attended by the President Michael D. Higgins, the Chief Justice Frank Clarke and the Attorney General Séamus Woulfe.
The 2001 London Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that was part of the World Sevens Series in the 2000–01 season.
The tournament was the eighth event of the series, and was won by New Zealand who defeated Australia 19–12 in the Cup final.
Each team played the other teams in their pool once, with 3 points awarded for a win, 2 points for a draw, and 1 point for a loss (no points awarded for a forfeit).
The 16 teams were separated into four pools of four teams and teams in the same pool played each other once.
Duke of Talavera de la Reina (), commonly known as Duke of Talavera, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain.
It was granted to María Luisa de Silva y Fernández de Henestrosa on 25 September 1914 by king Alfonso XIII as a result of her marriage to Infante Fernando of Bavaria.
The king, who held great affection for her, made her Infanta of Spain in 1927, to date, the only exception of a member of a non-dynastic family becoming an Infante.
The freight technology sector, also known as FreightTech, refers to software companies and technologies which assist in supply chain management and the movement of freight.
The shipping and logistics industry has long been viewed as conservative and slow-to-change, in part due to complex relationships within global shipping and transportation networks, difficult documentation and customs requirements, lack of transparency among involved parties, and obstacles to adapting quickly to sudden economic changes.
These include increased operational flexibility and efficiency due to better planning and schedule adherence, better utilization of people and equipment, reduction of non-productive waiting times, shorter processing times, and increased shipper confidence.
Transactional application programming interfaces (API) and distributed ledger technology are expanding in the shipping and logistics sector to reduce extensive paperwork, monitor conditions and location of freight and goods in transport and make this information available to involved parties, and increase transparency across the supply chain.
Greater efficiency in trucking is being achieved through intelligent freight technology such as automated interfaces that can help truckers and regulatory bodies reduce stops at weigh stations and time spent at border checkpoints.
Mobile tracking programs can also reduce theft and loss of cargo by recording instances where trailer doors are opened outside of approved areas (geo-fences) and alerting authorities.
Growing automation of quoting and booking of truckload shipments and increased automation of matching trucks with appropriate loads in a timely manner is also working to maximize efficiency for shippers and consumers.
Due to the relatively short life cycle of three to four years for commercial trucks, implementation of new interfaces and freight technologies has progressed more quickly in trucking than in other sectors.
Compared with other modes of transport such as aviation and rail, however, driverless technologies for road transport have lagged behind due to road environments being more complex than separated spaces for rail and air transport.
Freight technology in air cargo is already critically important in cold chain management for sensitive goods such as agricultural products, vaccines, and medications.
Monitoring in the form of data loggers can record temperature, light, humidity, and GPS location to show whether goods have been improperly cooled, handled, or tampered with.
It is estimated that billions of dollars in revenue are lost by cargo companies annually due to dispute resolution for shipment delays and lost and damaged goods.
The world’s first blockchain-based system for streamlining air cargo costing, billing, and reconciliation was announced at the 2019 IATA World Cargo Symposium.
The Freight Technology Group, responsible for identifying relevant technologies for the freight sector in the UK, has identified three key technical innovations already in use in rail freight.
These include timetable advisory systems which allow drivers to track train progress against timetables via software hosted on tablets, freight collaborative decision-making systems which offer real-time information on arrivals of freight services, and mobile consisting applications which reduce the amount of information sent manually to relevant parties and authorities by collecting information and transmitting it directly.
However, advancements in rail freight technology have progressed more slowly than in other sectors due to the decades-long life cycles of locomotives and railcars and the lack of power supply in freight cars.
A $10 billion upgrade to the North American rail system was mandated by Congress to include automated safety overrides after a 2008 commuter train accident, laying the groundwork for autonomous rails in the United States.
In 2019, mining group Rio Tinto launched the world’s first autonomous heavy-haul freight railway trains in Western Australia to deliver ore from mines to ports.
The growing number of smart ports around the world are increasing capacity and efficiency for shippers, ports, and freight forwarding partners, such as trucking carriers.
Reductions in labour and machinery costs can be seen at ports thanks to improvements in automated and semi-automated cranes, which reduce the need for yard transfer vehicles.
In 2018, shipping conglomerate Maersk partnered with IBM to create TradeLens, a platform for sharing and streamlining shipping information across shipping partners, businesses, and different authorities.
Freight technology plays a pivotal role in intermodal freight transport by streamlining communication, documentation, and dispute resolution across various industry players as cargo changes hands.
Smart contracts, for example, can use information collected by data loggers, such as temperature data on cold chain shipments, to resolve or dispute a contract depending on whether the agreed upon terms of shipping have been followed.
It was rebuilt the following year; a 1588 document shows that the castle was surrounded by ditches filled with water and was to be accessed through a drawbridge.
According to the Royal Chronicles he succeeds his father and during his reign of 6 years the Khmer Empire following the revolt of the Thais seems to have lost all his dependencies Siamese .
The origin of this prince is uncertain: According Achilles Dauphin-Meunier , he was the rightful successor and brother of Udayadityavarman I er , who lives climbing the pretensions of a usurper, Suryavarman I st , but managed to stay in Yaçodhapura.
George Coedès , who considers him a usurper, believes that Jayaviravarman was the prince of the city of Tambralinga (Nakhon Si Thammarat in Thailand ), and that he takes power and reigns in Angkor .
The Cabanage River (French: Rivière du Cabanage) is a tributary of the south shore of the Petit Saguenay River flowing in the municipality of Petit-Saguenay in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada.
The valley of the Cabanage River is served mainly by Quai Street for the lower part, by route 170 for the intermediate part and by the Lavoie Road for the upper part.
The surface of the Cabanage River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however; safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
According to the analysis of artifacts found along the Petit Saguenay River, the Aboriginal presence in this area dates back to at least 1000 BC.
In 1844, the workers of the team who built the first mill at the mouth of this river, reported that the Métis Charles Bernier (husband of Osithe Landry) was part of the workers.
Markovitch, Jonathan Benyamin, Rabbi was born in 1967 in the city of Uzhgorod (Ungvar), Ukraine, from a rabbinical dynasty, in which his maternal grandfather served in the city as a rabbi and Shoikhet.
Rabbi Markovitch was also verified and received rabbinical ordination from Rabbi Eliyahu Aberjel, Rabbi of Safed: Rabbi Levi Bistritsky, Rabbi Yitzhak Yehuda Yaroslavsky, of the Chabad Rabbinical Court, The Chief Rabbinate of the Israeli Army.
In addition to his extensive Torah studies, he holds a bachelor's degree in equipment and control (from The technion) and also a master's degree in education from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
In addition, a kindergarten has been created for children with autism during off-hours and extensive events are held for the Jewish population and the city’s population.
Belcher was born in Reading, where she attended a local grammar school before graduating from the University of Leeds in 1984.
She worked initially as a maths teacher in Boston Spa but later moved into computer software, establishing her own software company in 2004.
She gave evidence again in 2015 for the Women and Equalities Select Committee’s inquiry into trans equality, and in 2017 for the Joint Parliamentary Committee of Human Rights’ inquiry into free speech.
The Times withdrew from the 2018 Comments Awards when Belcher, a judge on the panel, asked for her name to be removed following the nomination of Janice Turner.
It was claimed that Turner had contributed to a number of articles in the press that resisted the Government's proposed reform to the Gender Recognition Act, with Belcher suggesting that trans suicides had increased as a result.
Belcher ran as a Liberal Democrat in the local election for Wokingham Borough Council in 2016 but lost by 122 votes to the Conservative candidate.
Later that year she was selected to replace Duncan Hames in his former seat of Chippenham, where she once again lost to her Conservative opponent in the 2017 general election.
The ethnic township is in the subtropical plateau monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of , total annual rainfall of , and a frost-free period of 260 days.
In 1837 she made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales, and one the next year transporting settlers to South Australia.
She stated that her interest in China began with a history class she took in her final year there in 2011, as the teacher was highly interested in the country.
As an international commerce student at the University of New South Wales, she began taking Mandarin Chinese courses in 2012, and in 2014 she took a student exchange period in Shanghai, of seven months, at Fudan University.
Around 2014 she began working at a bank in Australia, but disliked it, and she also served as a cheerleader in the Manly Seabirds, the cheerleading team of the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles.
In February 2017 she moved to Beijing to take Chinese courses at Tsinghua University, and she began learning shaolin kung fu.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Oronzio Filomarini, Bishop of Gallipoli (1700) and Benito Noriega, Bishop of Acerra (1700); and the principal co-consecrator of Giulio Vincenzo Gentile, Archbishop of Genoa (1681).
In July 2017, Sayagues and Álvarez will produce an untitled techno thriller film, with Jason Eisener directing, from a script by Simon Barrett.
She was awarded the Choysa Bursary in 1991 and the University of Otago College of Education / Creative New Zealand Children's Writer in Residence Fellowship in 2003.
In 2003, she shared the University of Otago College of Education / Creative New Zealand Children’s Writer in Residence with David Hill.
Artwork for the film created by Art Director Halla Groves-Raines was exhibited at Flaubert Gallery during the screening in Edinburgh, and at the Genesis cinema for the London premiere in 2013.
Stabæk won the league, whereas no teams were regulated and the league was expanded with two teams from the following season.
The girls' 500 metres in short track speed skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 20 January at the Lausanne Skating Arena.
Nothing But The Blood of Jesus is a traditional American hymn about the blood atonement and propitiation for sin by the death of Jesus as explained in Hebrews 9.
She uses national and cross-national survey methods to study political participation and engagement, voter behaviour and voter turnout, and political communication, focusing on the role of gender and race in Canadian politics.
Gidengil has been an author on numerous books, as well as journal articles in venues like the Canadian Journal of Political Science, Comparative Political Studies, Political Behavior, and Electoral Studies.
Gidengil was a member of the Canadian Election Study team from 1992 until 2008, and was the principal investigator of the study in 2008.
In 2008, Gidengil became the founding Director of the Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, a consortium of McGill University, Concordia University, Montreal, Université Laval, Université de Montréal, Université du Québec à Montréal and Université TÉLUQ to study democratic citizenship using interdisciplinary tools and perspectives.
In 2013, Gidengil was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in Academy II: the Academy of Social Sciences.
Gidengil has been extensively cited in popular media reports on topics like Canadian politics and vote choice in venues like the FiveThirtyEight, the CBC, Maclean's, the Ottawa Citizen, and the Winnipeg Free Press, and her work has been recommended by The Hill Times.
The Doctor's Secret is a 1913 silent film short directed by and starring Van Dyke Brooke with Norma Talmadge and Leo Delaney.
Jake Walman (born February 20, 1996) is a Canadian-American professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing for the San Antonio Rampage in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Walman played junior hockey with the Toronto Jr. Canadiens in the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL) before committing to collegiate hockey with Providence College of the Hockey East.
Prior to his freshman season with the Friars, Walman was selected at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft in the third round, 82nd overall, by the St. Louis Blues.
On March 28, 2017, having completed his junior season with the Friars in 2016–17, Walman concluded his collegiate career early, signing a three-year, entry-level contract with the St. Louis Blues.
She is a Royal Society Wolfson Fellow (2020 - 2024) and a co-director of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Hydrogen (2019 - 2027).
Besley studied physics at Saint Petersburg State University and graduated with a Master of Science (MSci) degree in physics in 1993.
In 2000, she completed a joint honours PhD in physics and mathematics at Saint Petersburg State University under the supervision of Alexander Devdariani and joined Queen's University Belfast on a NATO–Royal Society fellowship.
Between 2000 and 2007, Besley had postdoctoral research appointments at the University of Nottingham, the University of Sussex, and the University of Cambridge.
In 2007 Besley was awarded a Royal Society Relocation Fellowship at the University of Nottingham and a Visiting Academic Research Fellowship at the Australian National University, Canberra.
Soon after returning to Nottingham, Besley was awarded an EPSRC Career Acceleration Fellowship (2008 - 2014), and a European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant (2013 - 2018) to develop mathematical approaches to understanding the fundamental interactions and behaviour of materials at the nanoscale.
Her research includes the development of theoretical and computational methods for the prediction of materials properties; computational modelling of the behaviour, properties and manipulation of nanomaterials; investigations into the electrostatic interactions and self-assembly of materials; gas storage and interactions in porous solids.
At the University of Nottingham, Besley was appointed to Lecturer in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry in 2011, followed by promotion to Associate Professor in 2014, and to Professor of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry in 2015.
Besley was awarded a Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship in 2020, during which she will investigate the mechanisms that guide the self-assembly of materials.
Situated immediately southwest of Beijing, it once served as the capital of Hebei province and is now one of core cities that comprises the Jing-Jin-Ji Metropolitan Region.
Recently, the city saw new developments, primarily the Xiong'an New Area, which was established in 2017 following the success of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Pudong New Area in Shanghai.
The boys' 500 metres in short track speed skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 20 January at the Lausanne Skating Arena.
The company's brands include Business Travel News, Travel Procurement, The Beat, Travel Weekly, TravelAge West, Travel Weekly China, Successful Meetings, Meetings & Conventions, Incentive, M&C China, Travel42, Axus Travel App, and Web in Travel.
The company produces more than 80 events in 13 countries related to the travel industry, including the Phocuswright Conference, ALIS (the largest hotel investment conference in the world; produced with the American Hotel and Lodging Association annually in Los Angeles), The Business Travel Show, The Meetings Show, Web in Travel, CruiseWorld, Global Travel Marketplace, and TEAMS.
Print media accounts for 18% of total revenue, events accounts for 39.2% of revenue, and digital revenue accounts for 42.7% of revenue.
In 1989, Reed International (now RELX) acquired Travel Weekly, Meetings & Conventions and the hotel databases from Murdoch Magazines and formed Reed Travel Group.
In October 2019, the company acquired travAlliancemedia, owner of TravelPulse.com and TravelPulse Canada, Buying Business Travel, covering the corporate travel market, and CAT Media, which serves the meetings and incentives industries.
The girls' ski cross event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 19 January at the Villars Winter Park.
She trains at the Champs International Skating Centre of BC at Burnaby 8 Rinks in Burnaby, British Columbia, coached by Joanne McLeod.
Selected afterward to make her senior international debut on the Challenger series, she was sixth at the 2019 CS Warsaw Cup.
Bausback's result in Poland initially earned her the season's required technical minimum scores necessary to attend ISU championship events; however, a subsequent midseason amendment by the ISU meant that she lacked the short program minimum.
She then won the free skate to take the gold medal, scoring ahead of silver medalist Alison Schumacher by 6.60 points.
Due to Bausback lacking the senior international technical minimum in the short program, she could not be immediately assigned to one of Canada's two ladies' berths at the 2020 World Championships.
She was instead assigned, along with Schumacher and fourth-place Alicia Pineault, to compete at the 2020 Four Continents Championships in Seoul.
After obtaining his Ph.D. and LL.M from the University of London he enrolled at the Ghana School of Law and was subsequently called to the bar after completing his studies in 1982.
He has been a lecturer of the University of Ghana from 1981 until his appointment as justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana on 2018.
While at the university, he served as the dean of the university's Faculty of Law and acting director of the Ghana School of Law.
Prior to his appointment as justice of the Supreme Court, he was an associate professor at the University of Ghana Faculty of Law.
He began schooling in 1959 at the New Ghana International School in Osu but left in 1962 to attend the Presbyterian Primary School at Ada Foah.
He proceeded to St. Thomas Aquinas Senior High School in 1966, where he obtained his Ordinary Level ('O'-Level) certificate in 1971.
He continued at Apam Senior High School that same year for his Advanced Level ('A'-Level) certificate which he received in 1973.
He proceeded to the United Kingdom to pursue a post graduate degree in Law (LL.M) which he obtained from the University of London in 1977.
He received his doctorate degree from the same university in 1981 and returned to Ghana that same year to enroll at the Ghana School of Law in Accra.
In 1999 he worked as a consultant at Kotey and Associates until 2007 when he was appointed Chief Executive of the Ghana Forestry Commission.
He was dean of the University of Ghana Faculty of Law from 2003 to 2007 and from 2005 to 2007 he served as the acting director of the Ghana School of Law.
Kotey was nominated together with three other judges (Justice Agnes Dordzie, Justice Samuel Marful-Sau and Justice Nene Amegatcher) by the president of Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo in 2018.
He together with the three judges were recommended to the president by the three nominating bodies, the Chief Justice of Ghana, Attorney General of Ghana and the Ghana Bar Association.
A letter was sent to the president by the then Chief Justice Sophia Akuffo on behalf of the Judicial Council to recommend the judges to the president.
The president in March 2018 consulted the Council of State requesting their counsel as is required by law and approved the nominations based on the advise of the council.
The names of the Judges were sent to parliament and he appeared before the Appointment's Committee of Parliament on Thursday, 23 August 2018.
He together with the three other nominated judges were approved by parliament on 25 September 2018 and sworn into office in October 2018.
On the track he won the bronze medal at the 1995 Military World Games, the silver medal at the 1995 Arab Championships, the gold medal at the 1997 Pan Arab Games and did not finish at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie.
At the 1995 World Cross Country Championships he finished 41st and won a silver medal as a member of the six-man Moroccan team.
At the 1996 World Cross Country Championships he finished 82nd, and at the 2000 World Cross Country Championships he finished 24th.
His personal best times were 7:49.59 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Rhede; 13:38.12 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in June 2000 in Formia (13:37.0 with manual timing); 28:06.39 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Bratislava; 1:04:54 hours in the half marathon, achieved in October 2004 in Rouen; and 2:26:44 hours in the marathon, achieved in April 2006 in Albi.
William Eure, 2nd Baron Eure (10 May 1529–12 September 1594) was a Tudor-era English nobleman, soldier, and official in the Scottish Marches.
William Eure was the son of Ralph Eure, eldest son of William Eure, who had been created Baron Eure in 1544, and Margery Bowes, daughter of Ralph Bowes of Streatlam Castle.
He was appointed Vice-Admiral of the coast of County Durham and Vice-Admiral of Yorkshire by Lord High Admiral Clinton in 1563.
Sometime before 1557, he was appointed, jointly with Thomas Wharton, Captain of Berwick Castle, and he served under the Earl of Sussex in his 1570 invasion of Scotland.
Eure had been contracted to marry Mary Darcy, daughter of George, Lord Darcy, when he was 11 years old (his prospective wife-to-be was age 4 at the time).
At some point after 1544, he repudiated this marriage contract and instead married Margaret Dymoke, daughter of Edward Dymoke of Scrivelsby, Champion of England.
Balogun started as a freshman at Georgia Tech in 2018, She left the team for Louisville Cardinals after being named the 2018-19 ACC freshman of the year having averaged 14.64 points per game in her freshman season.
In her sophomore year at louisville, she was named preseason All-ACC by Coaches and Blue Ribbon Panel and has also been named into the Citizen Naismith Watch List.
Balogun was called up to represent the D'Tigress and to participate in the 2019 pre Olympic Qualifying tournament in Mozambique but she was not released by Lousville.
Alex Reynolds and John Silver (also known as The Beaver Boys) are a professional wrestling tag team currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW).
Reynolds and Silver made their debut as a tag team in August 2011 for New York Wrestling Connection defeating Stockade and Apollyon.
In January 2012, Reynolds and Silver made their debut for EVOLVE at where they were defeated by Scott Reed and Caleb Konley.
The Beaver Boys billed as Alex Keaton and Johnny Silver lost to Heavy Machinery (Otis and Tucker) in a squash match on the September 10th 2019 edition of Smackdown at Madison Square Garden.
Reynolds and Silver made their All Elite Wrestling debut on the third episode of AEW Dynamite as enhancement talent losing to Santana and Ortiz.
Over the following months vignettes aired of Silver and Reynolds gettiing recruitment messages from The Dark Order eventually resulting in Reynolds and Silver joining the Dark Order as henchmen.
She was a pioneer of the women's rights movement in Costa Rica and wrote the first book defending women's rights in the country.
Sara Rosa Zoila Casal Conejo was born on 6 September 1879 in San José, Costa Rica to Rafaela Conejo and Carlos Casal.
In 1922, Casal de Quirós and Acuña traveled to the United States attending the Pan-American Conference of Women hosted by the National League of Women Voters in Baltimore, visited Boston, and then attended the Pan American Women's Conference in New York City.
She advocated for a restricted vote for women, limiting participation to those who were educated or who had sufficient life experience, like mothers and widows.
Casal de Quirós was outspoken in her defense of the right of women to vote, believing that women had a moral nature which was crucial for shaping society.
The magazine aimed to address a wide range of women's issues from home management, to education, to hygiene and childcare, to civic responsibilities, and the moral and religious development of women and children.
Casal de Quirós died on 17 November 1953 at the in San José and was buried in El Carmen the following day.
Along with Acuña, de Chacón, and de Messerville, she is remembered as one of the leading feminists of her era in Costa Rica.
The boys' monobob competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
The Lobby Day 2020 was a peaceful gun rights protest that took place on January 20, 2020 at the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia.
The 2020 protest received international attention and a greater turnout than previous years because a Democratic majority in both the Virginia House of Delegates and state Senate was elected in 2019, alongside incumbent Democratic governor Ralph Northam.
Three members of the Neo-Nazi group The Base—of which were hostile to the beliefs of the protesters—were arrested by the FBI days before the event.
The FBI had them under surveillance for several months and had set up CCTV cameras inside the group's apartment to keep an eye on them and prevent them from causing any harm.
A 21-year-old woman from Richmond was arrested for wearing a bandanna across her face; she was released on her own recognizance.
Written in March 1943 and left incomplete at the time of his death in 1948, it is an account of a walking tour Welch took in the summer of 1933, when he was eighteen.
His travels took him from his grandfather's house in Henfield, West Sussex, through Hampshire, Wiltshire, Somerset and Devon, before returning to Henfield.
Picaresque and episodic in nature, Denton's adventures include encounters with a tramp, a young man who attempts to con him out of money, various (sometimes none-too-hospitable) youth hostel proprietors and members of his own extended family, invariably on a quest for a bed for the night.
Eventually running out of money, he gets some financial assistance from a youth hostel proprietor in Winchester to catch a train back to Henfield, where reminders of his unsatisfactory life there (in particular his indifferent aunt), prompt another odyssey, this time from Winchester to Canterbury.
Pam Tillis Collection is a compilation of songs that Pam Tillis did for Warner Brothers before going on to bigger success with Arista.
Warner Bros. spent five years of the '80s trying to do what Arista then did in one, which is make Mel's little girl a star.
Angus Ivan Ward (1893–1969) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Afghanistan from 1952 to 1956.
Ward was Consul to China as Mao Zedong and the People's Liberation Army were involved in a Civil War with the Chinese Nationalists.
The consulate was ordered closed by the American government but the Chinese government charged the consulate as serving as a base for espionage so Ward was unable to close it down.
Ward was arrested after Harry S. Truman refused to recognize the Mao government and he and his staff were accused of inciting a riot outside the consulate in October 1949.
He won the gold medal in the men's 74 kg event at the 2019 Asian Wrestling Championships held in Xi'an, China.
In 2018 he represented Kazakhstan at the 2018 Asian Games and he won the silver medal in the men's 74 kg event.
The Eugene Feenberg Memorial Medal (also Feenberg Award) is a prize for quantum many-body theory named for American physicist Eugene Feenberg.
Freedom Village (Halkomelem: Chi'ckem) was a historic village founded by the former slaves (Halkomelem: skw'iyeth) of the , Chawathil First Nation who lived near present-day Hope, British Columbia.
As they dealt with this and other diseases Europeans started to settle in the area starting with the Hudson's Bay Company establishing trading posts at Fort Langley (in 1827) and Fort Yale (1848).
Greenwood Island (Halkomelem: Welqdmex), near the town of Hope in British Columbia, was a slave village to the Chawathil First Nation peoples who lived near what is now Hope.
There were so many slaves that the slaveholders, worried of an insurrection, forced them all out of their longhouses and onto the island where they created their own community.
This in turn slowly slipped out of the slaveholder's control until a decision by the Chawathil elders was made to abandon the village.
Over time the former slaves that made up the Chi'ckem village intermarried into the communities that surrounded them and were overtime were absorbed into the local First Nations.
The boys' skeleton event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
Clemente made his professional debut with Atlético Madrid in a 2-0 La Liga loss to SD Eibar on 20 January 2019.
In the first general elections under universal suffrage in 1964, he successfully contested the Maprik seat, becoming a member of the new House of Assembly.
The Child also known as Children of the Night and Hide and Go Kill is a 1977 American horror film directed by Robert Voskanian.
In an isolated area, a newly hired housekeeper finds out that the daughter of her boss possesses supernatural powers and is using them to take revenge over those, she believes, caused her mother's death.
As a result of the publicity generated by the movie and her performance, she received a key to the city of Tampa, Florida.
She received recognition for her work by governor, Lawton Chiles as well as receiving the Rosa Parks Award for Leadership from Florida State University.
She was educated at Leon High School and Florida State University, where she received a BA and a master’s in elementary education supervision via correspondence graduate courses.
She wrote several novels and received many rejections until her fourth book, a space opera, caught the interest of a literary agent.
On January 18, 2020, a suicide car bombing killed four and injured at least 20 others in Afgooye, approximately from the Somali capital, Mogadishu.
Al-Shabaab began as the armed wing of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which later splintered into several smaller factions after its defeat in 2006 by Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the TFG's Ethiopian military allies.
Al-Shabaab carries out attacks to try to undermine Somalia’s central government, which is backed by the United Nations and African Union peacekeeping troops, (AMISOM).
On 14 October 2017, the worst attack by the organization killed more than 500 people with two bomb explosions that targeted Somalia's capital city Mogadishu.
During the drought of 2011, Turkey contributed over $201 million to the humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia.
Turkey assisted in the building of several hospitals, and helped renovate and rehabilitate the Aden Adde International Airport and the National Assembly building, among other initiatives.
As a freshman, he was a pitcher on the baseball team before deciding to focus on basketball after experiencing a growth spurt.
On October 5, 2015, he committed to William & Mary over offers from Temple, Duquesne, George Mason, and Canisius among others.
Knight appreciated the rich history of the College and felt at home on the campus, saying it was an easy decision to make.
As a sophomore, he averaged 18.5 points, 7.3 rebounds and two blocks per game and was named second team All-Colonial Athletic Association (CAA).
He followed that up with 35 points and 13 rebounds against Elon on February 16 and 30 points in a win over College of Charleston on February 21.
Knight was named first team All-CAA as a junior after averaging 21 points, 8.6 rebounds, 3.5 assists and 2.3 blocks per game.
Knight became the first college basketball player since Tim Duncan at Wake Forest in 1997 to average 20 points, eight rebounds, three assists and two blocked shots per game, and his scoring average was the highest for a Tribe player since 1968.
After entering the 2019 NBA draft, Knight withdrew from the draft before the deadline and decided to return to William & Mary for his senior season.
On January 4, 2020, Knight hit a last-second shot in a 66-64 win against Northeastern and finished with 23 points and 11 rebounds.
According to the prosecutor, it was part of a longstanding feud, and the perpetrator of the attack was sentenced to seven years in prison.
John Patrick Mooney (born March 20, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
Mooney is the son of Margaret and Kevin Mooney, a builder/contractor for an appliance company who played Division II golf at Spring Hill College.
As a senior, he averaged 24.8 points, 14 rebounds and five blocks per game and was named to the first-team all-state.
He initially committed to play under Donovan at Florida but reopened his recruitment after Donovan took the coaching job of the Oklahoma City Thunder.
After fielding offers from Indiana, Kansas, Georgia Tech, Georgia, Wake Forest, Alabama, Florida State, Vanderbilt, and Stanford, Mooney's father asked Donovan his opinion on Notre Dame.
Donovan telephoned Notre Dame coach Mike Brey and informed him about Mooney, and Brey sent his brother to scout the prospect.
As a junior, Mooney was named to the Third Team All-ACC and finished second to Jordan Nwora as the league most improved player.
He averaged 14.1 points and 11.2 rebounds per game, though the Fighting Irish finished 14-19 and were last in the ACC.
Coming into his senior season, Mooney was named to the Preseason All-ACC team and received three votes for Preseason Player of the Year.
After scoring 28 points and grabbing 16 rebounds in a win against Howard, Mooney was named ACC player of the week on November 18, 2019.
On January 4, 2020, Mooney tied his career-high with 28 points and had 14 rebounds in an 88-87 win versus Syracuse.
He had his 12th consecutive double-double with 21 points and 13 rebounds in a loss to Syracuse on January 22, breaking Luke Harangody's school record of consecutive double-doubles.
She also won one of the bronze medals both in the women's 59 kg event in 2018 and in the women's 59 kg event in 2019.
In 2017 she won the gold medal in the women's 58 kg event at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.
In 2018 she also won the silver medal in the women's 57 kg event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia.
Affiliated to the Gloucestershire County Football Association, The club are currently members of the Hellenic Football League and play at London Road.
The club was established in 1997 playing on the |London road ground that belonged to Moreton Town FC who had folded 3 years earlier.
The club started off as a youth side and in 2004 they entered an adult side in division two of the Cheltenham Football League.
The 2009-10 season saw the club win Division one of the Cheltenham league and earn promotion to Division 2 of the Gloucestershire Northern Senior League.
The club remained in this division until the end of the 2018-19 season, when they won the Division two to gain promotion to Division One West.
The ground was also used by Newport AFC for their first season, as a means of avoiding the Football Association of Wales attempts to get the new club to enter the Welsh football league system.
The 2020 season is Dundalk's 12th consecutive season in the top tier of Irish football, their 85th in all, and their 94th in the League of Ireland.
The new season's curtain raiser - the President's Cup - will be played on 9 February in Oriel Park between Dundalk and Shamrock Rovers, the winners of the FAI Cup in 2019.
It was established on 24 January 1871, and was originally a much larger district, including much of the future Shire of Murchison and Shire of Mullewa areas.
The Murchison Road District was separated from the Greenough district on 3 August 1875 and the Mullewa Road District was separated on 11 August 1911.
The road board built a permanent one-room stone office in Gregory Road, Greenough in 1906; the building survives today and is heritage-listed.
Politicians Patrick Stone, John Stephen Maley and Henry Maley were all associated with the board: J. S. Maley as chairman, Stone as a board member, and future state Country Party leader Henry Maley as board secretary.
It ceased to exist on 21 December 1951, when it amalgamated with the Geraldton Road District to form the Geraldton-Greenough Road District.
Muhamedjanov was born in 1948 in the city of Kostanay to the parents of Muhamedjanov Baygonys (1915–1994) and Mukhamedjanova Biken (1926–1955).
From 1975 to 1992 he worked in various positions in the Komsomol and party bodies, in the Regional Council of People’s Deputies of the Torgai Region.From 1992 to 1994 he was the head of the Amangeldy District Administration.
In 1994, Muhamedjanov became a deputy chairman of the Committee on Economic Reform of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the 13th convocation.
From 1995 to 1997, he was the head of the Department of Social and Cultural Development of the Office of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
From 1997 to 2004 he worked in the Administration of the President of Kazakhstan, having gone from a state inspector to the head of the Department of organizational and control work.
In the 2004 legislative election held in September 2004, Muhamedjanov was elected to the Mazhilis and was a Chairman from November 2004 to September 2007.
On May 15, 2019, it was reported that Blac Chyna had signed a deal with Zeus Network to star and produce her own docu-series.
The show made headlines while filming when Chyna's ex-partner Rob Kardashian refused to allow their daughter Dream to appear on the show, as well as for the intense fight between Chyna and her mother Tokyo Toni in the show's premiere episode.
They include her best friend Treasure Gemz, her assistant Ashton Levi, her mother Tokyo Toni, her manager Jamaal Terrance and her hair stylist Alex Jairus.
During the season, Treasure, Ashton and Jamaal are phased out of the series, after each having a falling out with Chyna.
Born in East London, Botha was a right-handed player who reached a best singles ranking of 186 while competing on the professional tour and was based in Cape Town.
He had a first round win over John Fitzgerald, then earned a quarter-final place when second seed Kevin Curren had to withdraw from their second round match with a knee injury.
Afrikan Sauce is the fourth studio album by Kenyan band Sauti Sol, released on their eponymous record label Sauti Sol Entertainment.
It features guest appearances from Patoranking, Tiwa Savage, Burna Boy, Vanessa Mdee, Yemi Alade, Khaligraph Jones, Nyashinski, Bebe Cool, Mi Casa, Toofan, Jah Prayzah and C4 Pedro.
Mutua threatened to seek a court injunction to ban the song from airing, and said Sauti Sol released the video without following Kenya's content production and distribution regulation laws.
KFCB told Sauti Sol to submit the video for examination and classification for age suitability; the board also warned media stations not to air the song during watershed periods.
The song was recorded in collaboration with Nyashinski and addresses several societal issues, including corruption, mounting debt, economic inequality, a crisis of leadership, and the troubling connection between the clergy and the political class.
After studying civil engineering he entered politics, first in the province of Limburg and from the partial legislative elections of 1878 as member of the Belgian parliament for the Verviers constituency.
It was based in the town of Geraldton, although Geraldton was not part of the road district, having been separately incorporated as the Municipality of Geraldton.
A section of the district separated to form the Murchison Road District on 3 August 1875 and another section separated to form the Mullewa Road District on 11 August 1911.
Prominent pastoralist Walter Vernon from Sandsprings Homestead was a long-serving member of the Geraldton Road Board, being first elected to the board in 1910 and serving as its chairman from 1913 to 1944.
The Geraldton Road District ceased to exist on 21 December 1951, when it amalgamated with the Greenough Road District to form the Geraldton-Greenough Road District.
The stated objective of the campaign is to draw attention to issues of gun violence and contribute toward the ending of illegal firearms trade.
Humanium Metal is used for the creation of some small ornamental objects, such as wristwatches, buttons, and spinning tops, with proceeds returning to charitable causes in the areas from which the firearms were seized.
Humanium Metal was first produced in November 2016 in El Salvador, where firearms seized by the Salvadoran government were converted into one ton of metal.
The program has received endorsements from the Dalai Lama, former director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency Hans Blix, and Nobel Peace Prize winner Desmond Tutu.
As of mid-2018, the program had used about 5,000 weapons to make three tons of Humanium Metal, with the organization saying that total orders for the metal amounted to US$3 million.
Proceeds from the sale of Humanium Metal is sent back to local charitable organizations in the conflict zones that supplied the firearms.
The most common method for producing Humanium Metal is when governments seize illegal firearms and melt down their metal, turning it into ingots, wire, or pellets.
The metal is 95% iron, and ingots are then sent to Sweden, where they are reduced to powder that can be used in the production of metal objects.
Silvio Luoni (7 July 1920 – 11 April 1982) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the Vatican's Secretariat of State and in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
One focus of his responsibilities at the Secretariat was international organizations of lay Catholics, whose role in supporting the Holy See's participation in international organizations was critical to Pope Paul foreign policy.
On 9 July 1969, Pope Paul VI appointed him Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome.
On 15 May 1978, Pope John Paul II named him titular archbishop of Turris in Mauretania, Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Thailand, and Apostolic Delegate to Laos, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Pope John Paul II named him head of the Vatican delegation to the Madrid conference of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in 1980/81.
Ashton was an active social reformer, being a committee member of the Womens Literary Society in Sydney and a founding member of the Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales.
At a league meeting on 11 November 1891, she presented a paper calling for radical changes to the laws of marriage.
One of the reported proposals was to require both parties to renew their marriage vows each year; if either party refused they would have an automatic divorce.
Lady Jersey banned Eliza from visiting Government House, the Governor's official residence (a significant handicap for her role as a journalist) and called on the league to distance themselves from Ashton.
The league, represented by their secretary Rose Scott, quickly disassociated themselves from Ashton's views on marriage, however, Ashton remained as a member of the league.
Ashton's views were defended by her husband in a letter of 16 November, in which he expressed regret and astonishment of society's inability to debate the subject.
At the same time she published the full text of her paper and challenged readers to identify the position she was claimed as advocating.
On 26 April, writing under the name L. A. Ashton, she gave an account of a subsequent debate on the subject with Scott and Frank Cotton, a Labour politician.
In 1899 Lady Jersey wrote to the wife of the new Governer, Lady Beauchamp, advising her to allow Ashton to again visit Government House.
Lady Jersey explained that she had felt forced to counter such publicly expressed views but had never heard anything negative about Eliza's personal character.
Despite the criticism at the start of the decade, Ashton remained an active journalist until a week before her death in 1900.
On Wednesday 11 July 1900, Ashton became ill with what was described as nervous prostration, before falling into unconsciousness the following day.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
She was sold in 1946 to Marine Industries Ltd. Sorel (MIL) and later sold to Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation, of Morris Heights, New York.
Grace Tebbutt (née Mellor), DBE (5 January 1893 – 1983) was a British local politician and a key figure in Sheffield politics in the mid-20th century.
She was affiliated to the Labour Party, serving as the first female leader of Sheffield City Council, Sheffield's first female Alderman and the first female Labour Lord Mayor in 1949.
Tebbutt ran unsuccessfully for public office twice - contesting the Broomhall Ward in 1927 and Burngreave Ward in the last guardians' election.
She was finally elected as councilor to the Sheffield City Council for Tinsley Ward in November 1929, for a period of two years.
As Grace and Frank lived at the Clarion Club House at Dore Moor, after Frank’s appointment as steward the previous year, she was able to meet the residence qualifications required to take the new aldermanic seat that had become available after the inclusion of the Norton Ward onto the council.
In 1949, Tebbutt became the first female Lord Mayor of Sheffield for the Labour Party, preceded only by Ann E. Longdon in 1936.
During her time as Mayor, in addition to her many other ceremonial duties, she attended her first professional football on Saturday the 7th of January, 1950, watching Sheffield United play Leicester City in the FA Cup at Bramall Lane.
In 1966, Tebbutt was involved in the backing the Sheffield Theatre Trust’s plans to build, what would become, the Sheffield Crucible.
Grace Tebbutt House was a refuge for homeless women in Sheffield that was featured in a 2011 episode of secret millionaire.
The 2019–20 UTSA Roadrunners men's basketball team represent the University of Texas at San Antonio in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Roadrunners, led by 4th-year head coach Steve Henson, play their home games at the Convocation Center in San Antonio, Texas as members of Conference USA.
Born in a refugee camp in Eritrea to South Sudanese parents, she could settle in Fredrikstad, Norway at the age of three.
At the 2018 World U23 Wrestling Championship held in Bucharest, Romania she won the gold medal in the women's 59 kg event.
In 2019 she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 57 kg event at the Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2019.
The 2020 Summit League Men's Basketball Tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Summit League for the 2019-20 season.
All tournament games are to be played at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, from March 7–10, 2020.
At the 1982 Wimbledon Championships, which he made as a lucky loser, he lost in the first round to third seed Vitas Gerulaitis.
His other appearance came at the 1983 French Open, where after winning his way through qualifying he won his first round match against Gilles Moretton, in five sets.
Subha Ghosh (born 22 December 2000) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Mohun Bagan in the I-League.
A product of Mohun Bagan's academy, Ghosh made his competitive debut for the first-team on 17 August 2019 in Bagan's 2019 Durand Cup match against Indian Navy.
He came on as a 71st minute substitute for Nongdamba Naorem and scored his first professional goal in the 90th minute as Mohun Bagan was defeated 2–4.
The first-seeds Jack Crawford and Harry Hopman defeated Jack Cummings and Gar Moon 6–1, 6–8, 4–6, 6–1, 6–3 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.
He is currently working at the Stony Brook University, as well as being a visiting academic at the University of Melbourne.
It was owned by Palmetto Broadcasters Associated for Communities, associated with Palm Beach Atlantic College, and aired programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network in its short time on air.
WETV's existence was cut short when an act of Congress ordered the channel's reservation for TV Martí, the new United States government television service for Cuba, and the government paid the owner to surrender the license.
On February 3, 1986, the Federal Communications Commission granted a 1985 application from Florida Educational Television of Monroe County to construct a new noncommercial educational television station on channel 13 at Key West.
The new construction permit took the WETV call letters; in 1987, the permittee name changed to Palmetto Broadcasters Associated for Communications and it was consolidated with other educational TV permittees associated with Palm Beach Atlantic College.
In 1988, a task force, consisting of the United States Information Agency, Voice of America, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the Department of Defense and the FCC, was convened to select a VHF channel for transmission of television programming to Cuba, as there were virtually no UHF receivers in place in the country at the time.
The task force concluded that only channel 13 was available for this purpose, as the other eleven VHF channels would cause excessive interference.
On February 16, 1990, President George H. W. Bush signed the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act, a component of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for fiscal years 1990 and 1991, into law.
This act of Congress barred any reassignment of TV channels that would affect domestic service when those stations had been air on January 1, 1989—not the case for WETV, which had signed on (at the earliest) July 1 and could have its channel, the only one identified by the 1988 task force as suitable for the purpose, reassigned for government use.
In late March 1990, test broadcasts began for TV Martí from government facilities on the Keys: a balloon tethered above Cudjoe Key.
Three weeks later, on April 13, PBAC entered into an asset purchase agreement with Jacksonville Educational Broadcasters, a noncommercial subsidiary of TBN, by which Jacksonville Educational (the licensee of WJEB-TV Jacksonville) would acquire two PBAC stations, WETV and WTCE-TV; WETV was to be sold for $542,500.
She won the silver medal in the women's 51 kg event at the 2015 European Games and one of the bronze medals in that event at the 2019 European Games.
In 2011 she won the silver medal at the 2011 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event.
In 2016 she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 51 kg event at the 2016 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships.
Sergey Aleksandorovich Dyachenko () (18 September 1952 – 26 October 2016) was a Kazakh born and Soviet politician, Vice Chairman of Mazhilis from 2012 to 2016, member of the Mazhilis from 2012 to 2016, Parliamentary Leader of Nur Otan from 2015 to 2016, and Akim of Aktobe Region from 2010 to 2012.
Over the past ten years, he had gone from working as an instructor to the Shortandinsky District Committee to being the Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Kazakh SSR.
From 1985 to 1991, he was the First Secretary of the Kokchetau City Committee of the QKP, and at the same time, from 1990, as the Chairman of the Kokchetau City Council of People's Deputies.
From 1991 to 1993, Dyachenko worked as Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of the Kazakh SSR for Youth, Physical Education and Sports, and Deputy Minister of Tourism, Physical Culture and Sports of Kazakhstan.
In 2006, he was chosen as a Deputy Chairman of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan and was a member of the Political Council of Nur Otan.
From 2012 to 2016, Dyachenko was a Deputy Chairman of the Mazhilis and served as a Parliamentary leader of Nur Otan from September 2015.
Ivan Lavrentevich Ustinov (; 1 January 1920 – 15 January 2020) was a Soviet intelligence officer who held a number of posts in Soviet military counterintelligence, reaching the rank of general-lieutenant.
He had begun his operational studies two weeks before the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, and was soon in service in the front lines.
He saw action at the Battle of Smolensk and the fighting around Vyazma, having to escape encirclement before he could rejoin the Soviet forces.
He served on several of the fronts during the Second World War, as part of the detachments of NKVD and SMERSH operatives assigned to army groupings.
By the end of the war he was head of a SMERSH detachment with a regiment, and during the 1950s was part of military counterintelligence assigned to the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, as part of the Ministry of State Security (MGB), and its successors the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), and finally the Committee for State Security (KGB).
Ustinov then served in various positions with the KGB's Third Directorate in the 6th Guards Tank Army, and the Far Eastern Military District, eventually becoming deputy head and then head of the KGB's entire Third Directorate, effectively leading the Soviet Union's military counterintelligence.
His final active posting was a return to the Soviet Forces in Germany as Head of the KGB's Special Directorate there.
In the KGB's reserve after 1981, he served as advisor to the chairman of Gosplan on security issues until his retirement in 1991.
In retirement Ustinov published on the subject of the history of military counterintelligence, took part in anniversary events and was a consultant on documentary films.
He had received a number of honours and awards over his career, and died in 2020, shortly after his 100th birthday.
Ustinov was born on 1 January 1920 in the village of Malaya Bobrovka, then part of , in the Russian SFSR, USSR.
He attended the Irbitsky feldsher-obstetric school, graduating in August 1938 and being assigned to work in the NKVD's North Ural .
Assigned to the state's security organs, he began the course of operational studies at the NKVD's school in Mogilev on 10 June 1941, less than two weeks before the outbreak of war.
He was assigned to the 6th Cavalry Division, then at Bialystok, but with the rapid advance of enemy forces, found himself cut off and unable to reach his unit.
The detachment was eventually able to break through the encirclement and withdraw to safety, a fact the commander of the assembly point credited to Ustinov's actions.
Later in the war he saw action with the 11th Guards Army as part of the NKVD Special Division, taking part in the offensives in Operation Kutuzov in 1943, and Operation Bagration in 1944.
From April 1944, he was the head of SMERSH detachment with the 83rd army field , and from January 1945, the head of SMERSH of the 3rd detachment of a separate tank regiment of the 3rd Belorussian Front.
From November 1945 Ustinov was deputy head of the SMERSH detachment for the 36th Guards Rifle Corps in the Baltic Military District.
In April 1951 he became Deputy Head of the 3rd Division of the of the Ministry of State Security (MGB) for the Soviet Forces in Germany, holding the post until November 1952, when he became Secretary of the Directorate's Party Committee, followed by the Secretary of the Party Committee for the in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) for Soviet Forces in Germany from March 1953 until March 1954.
He continued to hold the post after the MVD was replaced by the Committee for State Security (KGB) that month, and in December 1954 became Head of the KGB's 3rd Department for the Soviet Forces in Germany.
Ustinov held this post until January 1957, when he returned to the Soviet Union as Deputy Head of the KGB's military counterintelligence section in the 69th Air Army.
Ustinov's next post was as head of the KGB's military counterintelligence section of the 6th Guards Tank Army between August 1958 and July 1963, after which he became Deputy Head of the KGB's Special Directorate for the Far Eastern Military District until 1966.
In February 1968 Ustinov was appointed Deputy Head of the KGB's Third Directorate, holding the position until becoming head of the directorate on 4 September 1970, effectively leading the Soviet Union's military counterintelligence.
Promoted to general-lieutenant on 15 June 1971, Ustinov was next appointed Head of the KGB's Special Directorate for the Soviet Forces in Germany from November 1973 until July 1981.
He was then transferred to the KGB's reserve and served as advisor to the chairman of Gosplan on security issues until Ustinov's retirement in September 1991.
In 1969 he was given the title of , and in 2010 he was awarded the Order of Honour by the Russian Federation.
Jean Verdière, in religion Yves de Lille (active 1609-1628), was a Flemish Capuchin friar who wrote an account of a pilgrimage to Holy Land undertaken in 1624–1625.
In 1624 he was one of three Capuchin friars sent to Jerusalem to offer prayers for the intentions of Isabella Clara Eugenia, governess-general of the Habsburg Netherlands.
His companions on the journey were Clément d'Aire and Léonard de Tournai, the latter of whom had already made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land on Isabella's behalf in 1602–3.
On 3 August 1624 they received pontifical permission to make the journey, during which they would spend six weeks as the captives of pirates.
They visited several shrines in Italy along the way, and set sail for Cairo on 16 April 1625, travelling by way of Sinai to Jerusalem.
April H. Foley was the American Ambassador to Hungary from 2006-2009 and is the Chair of the Board of Trustees of The Hungary Initiatives Foundation., Foley attributes her appointment as Ambassador to her friendship with George W. Bush, a classmate from Harvard.
Before her appointment as Ambassador, Foley was a director at the Export–Import Bank of the United States, becoming First Vice President and Vice Chairman in 2003.
She played a vital role in the creation of the Trade Bank of Iraq and was one of six Americans on the American-Iraqi Joint Economic Council.
For 17 years, Foley was an executive for PepsiCo in roles including strategic planning, financial management, and mergers and acquisitions and her work led to PepsiCo’s acquisition and integration of Kentucky Fried Chicken.
Born in Stourbridge on 28 November 1955, he was ordained as a priest on 5 July 1980 for the Archdiocese of Birmingham.
From February 2013 to 2020, he served as Rector of St Mary's College, Oscott, the seminary of the Archdiocese of Birmingham.
His consecration to the episcopate will take place at Northampton Cathedral on 19 March 2020; the principal consecrator will be Cardinal Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster.
Green began dancing at age 13 at the Baltimore School for the Arts, and was introduced to professional dance with the encouragement of Ailey dancer Linda-Denise Fisher-Harrell.
Statistician David Neft, who had recently been hired by computer data processing company Information Concepts, Inc. (ICI), first proposed a new baseball encyclopedia in 1965.
It was eventually determined that, to provide the greatest amount of accuracy possible, daily statistics for all players would have to be recreated.
Biographical details for approximately 5,000 players had already been compiled by Lee Allen, a historian at the Baseball Hall of Fame, and his research provided an early foundation.
His records included a full collection of box scores dating back to 1876, and a mostly complete daily statistics log that covered the period between 1876 and 1890.
The data, however, was not sufficient to calculate stats that had not been tracked contemporaneously, such as earned run average, runs batted in, and saves.
To permit these categories to be deduced for each season, Neft's research team consulted newspaper accounts of old games, focusing on the 1876–1919 period.
Every player's data were individually compiled on sheets of paper, with the information coded into punch cards by a firm in Israel.
Once the cards came back from overseas, ICI placed them in magnetic tape and data was sorted by an IBM 360 computer.
The system allowed for teams' season statistics to be totaled, combined, and compared with the numbers kept by the leagues; inconsistencies were flagged by the computer and logged by Neft for investigation.
Among the issues resolved was the existence of a small number of phantom ballplayers who had been recorded in box scores as appearing in a game despite not existing.
One example was a Cleveland Blues player named Woodruff, who was credited with playing as a right fielder in a 1901 game.
This group had multiple meetings and discussed proposed corrections to players' stats, in addition to deciding how old rules would be interpreted.
In the former year they had been officially recorded as outs, and they had been ruled as base hits in 1887.
The group opted against the original interpretations, electing to use modern rules, under which walks did not count as hits or outs.
Ty Cobb, who held MLB's career record for base hits at the time, had his total adjusted upward from 4,191 hits to 4,192.
Among pitchers whose records were changed, Christy Mathewson, who had been tied for the most career wins by an NL pitcher, had a reduction of six wins; Walter Johnson also had his win total lowered.
Attracting more attention than those changes was a rule interpretation that would have altered a well-known record: Babe Ruth's total of 714 career home runs.
In a 1918 game, Ruth had a game-ending hit which would have been scored as a home run under modern rules, as the ball went over the outfield wall.
The record committee initially voted to credit the batters with home runs, which would have increased Ruth's career tally to 715.
Another critic was MLB public relations director Joe Reichler, a member of the committee who had been absent from the meeting where the home run ruling was voted upon.
This was accomplished by excluding statistical summaries for all retired batters with fewer than 25 at bats, and all retired pitchers with under 25 innings pitched and no wins or losses.
Schwarz noted a pattern in which adjustments that would result in additions to the stats of big-name players were made, but not those that required subtractions.
Aiding the publisher was an agreement it had made with the researchers before the original book was released, which allowed Macmillan to avoid making any royalty payments.
Along with updates that brought the number of MLB players covered to more than 13,000, six fielding statistics were newly added to players' summaries, which necessitated the use of larger pages.
A directory with information for over 130 Negro league players active from 1920 to 1950 was also included, as was information on teams' home and away records and streaks.
For this version, Wolff elected to rely heavily on the database from the first edition, rejecting adjustments made under Reichler that were not backed by firm proof.
Numerous changes were made to historical statistics; among them was reducing Honus Wagner's career hit total by 12, which was enough to cost him two percentage points from his career batting average and drop him one place on the all-time hit list.
Neft cited the encyclopedia as having an effect in publicizing the statistical achievements of players like Addie Joss and Sam Thompson to Hall of Fame voters.
The top six teams from the regular season advanced to the playoff stage, with the top two teams receiving a bye to the semifinals.
The spring split began on January 16 and concluded on April 20 with the spring finals, which Cloud9 won with the same roster from the previous split: Balls, Meteos, Hai, Sneaky and LemonNation.
The summer split began on May 23 and concluded with Team SoloMid winning their second NA LCS title on September 1, with a roster consisting of Dyrus, Amazing, Bjergsen, WildTurtle and Lustboy.
Team SoloMid, Cloud9 and LMQ qualified for the 2014 World Championship by placing first, second and third respectively in the summer playoffs.
LaDonna Gatlin (born August 18, 1954) is an American motivational speaker and singer who shared a Dove Award and a Grammy Award.
In 1973, she won the Miss West Texas title and represented that part of the state in the Miss Texas competition.
The Gatlins' harmonizing took them from winning first prize at a local talent show to performing at the New York World's Fair in 1964.
In the mid-1970s, she and her husband, Tim Johnson, were founding members of Praise, the gospel-music group that backed Dallas Holm in concerts and on record albums.
Gatlin withdrew from performing in 1976 to focus on her family, spending time with her son and daughter for the next 20 years.
Gatlin was inducted into the Speakers Hall of Fame in 2005, and she received the Council of Peers Award for Excellence in recognition of professionalism and excellence in speaking.
She won the gold medal in the women's 75 kg event at the Asian Wrestling Championships both in 2017 and in 2019.
She also won the gold medal in the women's 76 kg event at the 2018 World U23 Wrestling Championship held in Bucharest, Romania and at the 2019 World U23 Wrestling Championship held in Budapest, Hungary.
The Owls, led by 3rd-year head coach Scott Pera, play their home games at Tudor Fieldhouse in Houston, Texas as members of Conference USA.
It was established on 19 June 1896 as the North East Coolgardie Road District, providing basic local government to the rural areas around the mining town of Kanowna, which had already been incorporated as the Municipality of Kanowna four months earlier on 28 February.
The Municipality of Kanowna merged into the road district on 26 January 1917, as a result of which it was renamed the Kanowna Road District on the same day.
The road district was also divided into two wards at that time: one for the township and one for the rural areas.
Our Cousins in Ohio is an account of a year in the life of a Quaker immigrant family in Ohio in the 1840s, written by Mary Botham Howitt.
It is based on letters from her sister Emma Botham Alderson (1806–1847), who left England in 1842 with her husband, Harrison Alderson (1800–1871), and three children, William Charles (1837–1914), Agnes (1839–1925), and Anna Mary (1841–1934).
The first edition was dated 1849, though it was available for purchase in December 1848, perhaps to capitalize on the Christmas market.
The original letters on which Mary Howitt's work was based are held in Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham in United Kingdom.
The original home was torn down in the 1850s, and the site is now occupied by Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio).
Instead of following a single unifying plot, the narrative is organized as a calendar year, with a separate chapter for each month, beginning and ending with classic scenes of emigrant Christmas.
the parents' attempts at dealing with Willy's stubbornness, confrontations with a neighborhood bully, raising crops and livestock, exploring the neighboring woods) and to social issues of the day (e.g.
slavery and abolition, soldiers on their way to war with Mexico, westward migration, and the practices of various religious and national groups).
Mary and her husband William, sometimes with the assistance of their daughters, Margaret Howitt and Anna Mary Howitt, collaborated on numerous books and articles.
The Lac des Alliés (English: Allied Lake) is a freshwater body crossed west by the Rocheuse River, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Lac des Alliés watershed is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of Lac des Alliés is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
This lake deep between the mountains is long, resembling a large misshapen N. The Sautauriski Lake is located on the east side of the lake; and the course of the Jacques-Cartier River is on the north side of the lake.
From the mouth of Lac des Alliés, the current descends consecutively on to the west, then north following the course of the rivière Rocheuse; on towards the southwest by following the course of the rivière du Malin; then on generally towards the south along the current of the Jacques-Cartier River to the northeast bank of the Saint-Laurent river.
The name of this body of water would come from the surveyors evoking the memory of the allied troops of the First World War.
The Mahatma Gandhi Central University protests were demonstrations in MGCU triggered by the termination of two assistant professors Shashikant Ray and Amit Ranjan and protest continued for one-month by the students of MGCU and got support from various political parties and student organizations of India in 2017.
In 2018, The faculty members started separate protest when university issued a show cause notice to an assistant professor Buddhi Prakash on 29 May 2018.
Once again heavy protest struck out after university hiked the fee for new academic year and refused to comply with assurance given to the students in November 2017.It was a four-month long series of protests by the students of university which began on 2 June 2018.
Student leaders of MGCU and other student organizations called for protest demanding removal of Vice-Chancellor of university after brutal attack on a professor and a student who were the part of demonstration against VC (Arvind Agarwal).
On 26 September 2017, two assistant professors namely Shashikant Ray and Amit Ranjan were sacked by the university without citing any prior notice which caused heavy protest inside and outside the university campus as the protests progressed, the protesters laid out two key demands, namely the withdrawal of the termination of three professors including one professor Sandeep Kumar who was axed earlier and the removal of Vice-Chancellor from university.
ABVP submitted the memorandum in support of students and professors of university to the Vice-Chancellor and requested him to change his decision of termination of three professors.
The RLSP MP Arun Kumar and Akhilesh Prasad Singh, a former union minister of India sent signed letters to Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi to intervine into the matter.
A big march took place on 6 October 2017 as protesters insisted on the complete withdrawal of the termination and removal of VC.
The students, teachers of MGCU along with several student organizations launched heavy protest and sat on hunger strike for 18 days till 16 October.
On 29 May 2018, The MGCU faculty members started protest when MGCU administration issued a show cause notice to a professor Buddhi Prakash Jain who applied for getting a no-objection certificate (NoC).
The MGCU faculty members sent a memorandum to the President of India listing 41 points against Vice-Chancellor and the points included racial discrimination, violation of privacy of females as CCTV cameras were installed everywhere in the campus even around the toilets and rest rooms.
They claimed that the important posts like registrar, finance officer, controller of examination (COE), medical officer and librarian were still vacant.
MGCU students also started the separate protest against university administration and laid out the two key demands, namely the complete withdrawal of hike in fee and completion of assurance given to them on November 2017.
Students blamed that they put their demands to university administration in last November and deadline was the last week of December to meet their demands.
On 19 July 2018, MGCU adminstration decided to expel four students namely Rohit Mishra, Aman Kumar Singh, Anoop Kumar Suraj and Amit Vikram in cases of ragging who were leading the protest against Vice-Chancellor.
Vice-Chancellor was rescued with the help of SDM and DSP, after he agreed to concede on the students' demands and lodge an FIR on the audio clip which was claimed to be his voice and went viral on social media.
VC (Arvind Agarwal), Rohit Mishra (supreme student leader of MGCU) and Shyam Nandan, a teacher addressed the joint press conference and VC agreed to comply with all the demands of students and teachers.
University administration agreed to withdraw the cases booked against teachers during protest in the meeting.After the assurance, the administration started to comply with demands of students.
Soon, the Sanjay's post had gone viral and he was trolled on social media and got threat calls & messages for his critical post on Vajpayee.
The next day he was dragged from his house, stripped off his clothes and thrashed by a group of people with sticks, steel rods and even he was tried to burn alive by pouring petrol on him.
He was admitted to the nearby hospital but he was referred to AIIMS, Patna due to his critical conditionRJD Bihar president Ramchandra Purbey meet him there further he was brought to AIIMS, Delhi.
The Teachers Association of the university had strongly condemned the incident and blamed that it was pre-planned conspiracy to thrash Sanjay.
It was claimed that Sanjay was thrashed for raising his voice against the MGCU Vice-Chancellor (Arvind Agarwal) and his post (derogatory remarks on former PM) was used as trigger.
Bihar's Deputy Chief Minister Sushil Kumar Modi blamed Sanjay of exaggerating his injuries to gain the sympathy of media and left parties.
He also blamed media for highlighting the superficial injuries of Sanjay and playing down the highly offensive post on Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Bihar's tourism minister Pramod Kumar, who is also the MLA of Motihari demanded lodging an FIR against the Sanjay Kumar for spreading hatred in society.
The RSS goons under the patronage of RSS-programmed VC almost lynched a professor...They poured petrol on him to burn him alive.
Bihar State Congress party fact-finding committee of five members visited MGCU and met teachers,students and other persons on 25 August 2018.
AISF and other left wing students’ unions organised a protest march from Patna University to Kargil Chowk against the attack on professor Kumar.
The RJD demanded high level investigation on this incident and blamed that Sanjay was assaulted on the direction of Vice-Chancellor (Arvind Agarwal).
The All India Federation of University and College Teachers’ Organisations (AIFUCTO) wrote a letter to erstwhile Minister of Human Resource Development Prakash Javadekar demanding a high level investigation into attack on Sanjay.
Even as Dr Sanjay has named the perpetrators and those who threatened him, and the same can be ascertained from the video – no arrests have been made as we write.
JNUSU called for protest against the attack on professor Sanjay and several other students' union joined the protest at Bihar Bhawan, Delhi and demanded removal of VC (Arvind Agarwal) and immediate arrest of culprits.
Sanjay lodged an FIR on two dozen people for assaulting him at his Azad Nagar rented home at Motihari and dragged him on to the road.
Additional Chief judicial magistrate (ACJM), Motihari granted bail to two accused of thrashing MGCU professor Sanjay Kumar on 21 August 2018.
SDPO, Motihari M M Manjhi exonerated Prof. Dinesh Vyash, Prof. Pawanesh Kumar (professors at MGCU) Sanjay Kumar Singh, Gyaneshwar Gautam and Rakesh Pandey, an NRI from the charges.
The second FIR was lodged with town police station by a resident under sections of IPC- 504 (intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace) and IPC- 505 (statements conducing to public mischief) for hurting his and other sentiments by posting derogatory remarks on Vajpayee.
On 13 September 2018, Shakti Babu, a MGCU student of Hindi department was thrashed by a group of people when he was leaving the university campus.
by same group who assaulted MGCU professor Sanjay Kumar in August and had been getting threat call and messages for two days.
MGCU students, professors along with several opposition parties, students organization and teachers' union launched heavy protest demanding the arrest of all culprits and removal of Vice-Chancellor.
Several big marches took place in Patna, Delhi and Motihari by students organization, teachers' unions and opposition parties of India for removal of Vice-Chancellor (Arvind Agarwal).
The team qualified for the NCAA Tournament, winning their first game against UCONN before losing in the second round to Penn.
Any Gabrielly Rolim Soares (born in October 9, 2002) is a Brazilian singer, dancer, actress and voice actress better known as the voice of Moana in the Brazilian version of the 2016 Walt Disney Pictures animated film and as a member of the global pop group Now United, representing Brazil.
Gabrielly was born in the city of Guarulhos, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, to Priscila Franco and Silvio Soares.
At the age of eight, she was approved in the São Paulo Municipal Dance School, having presented dance shows in many renowned Theathers of the city.
At nine, she was chosen between more than five thousand contestants to be the character Nala in the Brazilian version of the Broadway's classical musical The Lion King.
In November 2017 she was approved as the Brazilian representative in the global pop group Now United, created by Simon Fuller and managed by XIX Entertainment.
J. Bruce Amstutz (born 1928) is an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim to Afghanistan from February 1979 until February 1980.
Amstutz was married to Nan Louise Grindle, whom he met while they both attended the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
Located at the corner of Rockingham Road and Cockburn Road, it was built in 1912, and operated as a hotel until the late 1990s.
It was also named as a tram line extension point, and was a local focal point for the horse racing industry.
After being vacant for 18 years, it was renovated and reopened in 2017 as Hamilton House, a dance studio for the Swan River Ballet school.
Etter delivered a keynote address at the 2017 Society for the Study of American Women Writers conference, held at the Université Bordeaux Montaigne.
Piri John Ngarangikaunuhia Sciascia (6 November 1946 – 18 January 2020) was a New Zealand Māori leader, kapa haka exponent, and university administrator.
Sciascia was eduated at Te Aute College, and then studied at the University of Otago, completing a BSc in 1968 and Bachelor of Arts in 1971.
He later completed a BA(Hons) at Victoria University of Wellington in 1977, and a Diploma of Teaching at Palmerston North Teachers' College in 1981.
Sciascia was a lecturer at Palmerston North Teachers' College from 1975 until 1981, before serving as a director of the Council for Maori and South Pacific Arts from 1981 to 1989.
In 1989, he joined the Department of Conservation (DOC) as assistant director-general kaupapa Māori, serving in that role until 1991, when he became assistant director-general of DOC.
In 2000, Sciascia was appointed assistant vice-chancellor (Māori) at Victoria University of Wellington, later becoming pro vice-chancellor (Māori) and then, in 2014, deputy vice-chancellor (Māori), in which role he served until 2016.
Sciascia toured with the Maori Theatre Trust in the 1970s, and founded the Ngāti Kahungunu kapa haka group, Tamatea Ariki Nui, in 1977.
He also served on the committee of the Aotearoa Maori Festival of Arts, the Rūnanganui o Ngāti Kahungunu Arts Board, and as chair of the Māori Broadcast Funding Agency, Te Māngai Pāho.
After retiring from Victoria in 2016, Sciascia held the position of kaumātua to the governor-general, prime minister and Cabinet, giving advice on Māori protocol and language, and assisting in hosting visiting dignitaries.
In the 2013 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to Māori arts.
Sciascia received the Keeper of Traditions award at the 2008 Waiata Māori Music Awards, and a Ngā Tohu ā Tā Kingi Ihaka (Sir Kingi Ihaka Award) in 2016 in recognition of his lifetime contribution to Māori arts.
Throughout the album, main performer Chiyono Ide counts 365 days from January to December and 12 koku (Japanese old hour system).
Knowles started in quarter midget racing at five years of age, and began dirt track racing on a permanent basis when he was 13 years old.
He ran in the top 15 for much of the final race before suffering a pass-through penalty for being out of position on a restart.
Francis Joseph Gough (26 July 1898 – 30 January 1980) was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Queensland from 1924 to 1933.
In 1926-27 he played in Queensland's inaugural Sheffield Shield match, taking three wickets, including that of Archie Jackson, who was making his first-class debut.
After 1927-28 he played for Queensland as a batsman, although he continued to bowl effectively in Brisbane Grade Cricket, where he set a record of 242 wickets for Norths, which stood until 1950-51 when it was surpassed by Bert McGinn.
In World War Two he served as a flying officer in the Royal Australian Air Force from September 1942 to December 1945.
Mount Cooper is a 6780-foot (2067-meter) mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska.
The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve at the entrance to Johns Hopkins Inlet, northwest of Juneau, and northeast of Mount Abbe, which is the nearest higher peak.
The mountain's name was proposed in the 1950s for William Skinner Cooper (1884-1978), a plant ecologist who performed vegetation-glacier relationship studies in the Glacier Bay area, and was chairman of the committee of scientists which proposed establishing Glacier Bay National Monument.
This climate supports small hanging glaciers on its slopes as well as the larger Kashoto Glacier to the west and Lamplugh Glacier to the east.
As no candidate received a majority of all valid votes on the first round, held on 11 January 2020, a second round took place one week later, 18 January, between the two candidates with the highest number of votes in the first round.
In the first round of the election, incumbent party leader Rui Rio finished in first place with a relative majority of 49.0% of all valid votes cast, followed by contesters Luís Montenegro, who received 41.4% of the vote, and Miguel Pinto Luz, who won 9.6% of the vote.
As no candidate managed to reach the required percentage of the vote to win outright in the first round, a run-off election took place between the two candidates with the most votes in the first round: Rio and Montenegro.
Rui Rio won the second round with 53.2% of the vote and was thus re-elected President of the party and stayed on as Leader of the Opposition.
His only ATP Tour main draw appearance came as a qualifier at the 1992 Estoril Open, where he reached the second round with a win over Ronald Agenor.
As in many other states, the late 19th century saw a dramatic growth in Maryland's African-American press, with 31 newspapers launched in Baltimore before 1900.
On realising her efforts in vain as nobody recognises and appriciates her works and sacrifice as a housewife, she sets to carve out her own identity.
The Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister of Australia is the principal adviser and head of the Prime Minister's Office.
The position of Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister of Australia was formally created by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1972 to run the political and private office of the Prime Minister.
The Chief of Staff is directly responsible to the Prime Minister for the management of the Prime Minister's Office and for the coordination of strategic and policy priorities.
10 of them (10/0.19 round 0%) are full-size courses with 18 holes or more, and 8 of them (8/0.19 round 0%) are smaller courses that feature at least 9 holes.
Jeison Manuel Rosario Bastardo (born 7 April 1995) is a Dominican professional boxer who has held the unified WBA (Super), IBF, and IBO light middleweight titles since January 2020.
Rosario compiled a record of 19–1–1 before facing and defeating Julian Williams to win the WBA (Super), IBF, and IBO light middleweight titles.
It was based in the town of Menzies, although that township was outside the board's boundaries, having been incorporated as the Municipality of Menzies in 1895.
The population of the district increased significantly on 1 March 1912, when it absorbed the Municipality of Menzies and Municipality of Kookynie and re-absorbed the Malcolm municipality.
However, the amalgamation was not a success, with the expanded district considered too large to be workable, and only three months later, on 31 May, it was abolished and divided into three new road districts: the Menzies Road District, the Kookynie Road District and the Mount Malcolm Road District.
She was laid down on 15 July 1970, at the General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division, MA, launched on 10 October 1971, and delivered for service on 21 June 1972.
In October of 2011 she was moved to the James River Reserve Fleet to the Beaumont Reserve Fleet to the Beaumont Reserve Fleet.
However, for much of its history Wilmington's African American population was too small to support even one such newspaper at a time.
She is one of the most popular and prolific of the artists in the Mor lam and Luk thung genres from Laos.
Iola M. Williams (February 2, 1936 – April 4, 2019) was an American politician, public official, civil rights activist and museum executive.
In 1979, Williams became the first African-American to join the San Jose City Council, an office she held from her appointment in 1979 until her retirement from council in 1991.
Williams was instrumental in the creation of the African American Military History Museum in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, as the institution's former executive director.
She saved the museum's original, existing structure, which had opened in 1942 as a USO Club for African American soldiers stationed at nearby Camp Shelby during World War II.
Under Williams, the former USO Club building was preserved, renovated and re-opened as the African American Military History Museum in 2009.
Williams was born Iola Craft on February 2, 1936, in Hattiesburg, Mississippi to parents who were a teacher and warehouse worker.
She attended the Eureka School in Hattiesburg, the first brick black school building constructed in the state of Mississippi during segregation.
The couple had seven children within the first ten years of their marriage - four daughters, Jenifer, Audrey, Beverly, and Ila, and three sons, Vincent, George Jr., and Kevin.
The family were stationed in bases in South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Illinois, and California, as well as three years in Europe, including a base in West Germany.
In 1966, while Iola Williams was living overseas, the Klu Klux Klan attacked and fire bombed the home of her cousin, Vernon Dahmer, who had been using his grocery store to help black residents of Hattiesburg register to vote.
In 1969, Iola Williams and her family moved to San Jose, California, where her husband had been hired as a mechanic for United Airlines.
At this point, Williams had studied to become a licensed vocational nurse and began work at O'Connor Hospital in San Jose.
Iola Williams played the piano, sang in the church choir and volunteered in the church's school, which would lead to her interest in running for the local school board.
In 1970, Iola Williams became the first African-American to be elected to the Franklin-McKinley School District school board, which covers a portion of the city of San Jose.
Williams' election to the school board marked the beginning of a wave of female candidates who were elected to public office throughout Santa Clara County during the 1970s.
Notable women who entered elected politics the decade included Williams and Janet Gray Hayes, who became the first female Mayor of San Jose in 1975.
Women also gained majorities on the San Jose City Council and the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors, a rarity in the United States at this time.
Williams credited the rise of other female politicians in Santa Clara County with helping her enter politics and navigate the political landscape during the 1970s.
Williams began her public career by serving on the Franklin-McKinley School District school board, which covers a portion of the city of San Jose, California, for 12 years, until her appointment to the San Jose City Council in 1979.
However, soon after the 1978 election, incumbent San Jose Council member Susanne Wilson vacated her seat following her election to the country-wide Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors.
Iola Williams was appointed fill Wilson's newly vacant seat on the San Jose City Council in 1979, becoming the first African-American to serve on the council in its history.
Williams served on the city council from 1979 until her retirement in 1991, including two simultaneous terms as the Vice Mayor of San Jose.
In 1980, shortly after joining city council, Williams received and completed a United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) fellowship to the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
In 1986, when a local gay rights organization called Bay Area Municipal Elections Committee (BAYMEC) held in its first dinner, Iola Williams was the only elected official to attend the event.
Iola Williams had grown up in segretated Mississippi and her cousin, activist Vernon Dahmer, had been murdered in a KKK attack in Hattiesburg in 1966.
However, Iola Williams surprised observers and colleagues by voting to allow the march in San Jose, citing her commitment to civil rights.
For example, she supported San Jose's shift to district elections for the city council, which gave neighborhoods more of a voice in choosing their council members.
She also cast a deciding vote to keep the city's 10th and 11th as one-way streets due to traffic concerns and the safety of pedestrians.
The program, which she described as her greatest achievenement, was later renamed the Iola Williams Seniors Program by city council in her honor.
She also served on the League's human resource committee, as well as the organization's board of directors, which represents California cities in both the Governor's Office of Planning and Research Council and state Task Force on Civil Rights.
During her years in California, Williams had visited Hattiesburg frequently to take care of her mother and kept a small mobile home in the area for this reason.
Once back in her hometown, Williams would become deeply involved with a number of local, government, economic development, and community organizations.
Soon after returning to Mississippi, Hattiesburg Mayor J. Ed Morgan invited Williams to join the city administration and appointed her as the Director of Recreation and Community Relations in 1992.
At the time of her hiring, Mayor Morgan noted that the city government could not pay Williams a salary comparable to those available back in California.
However, Morgan promised Williams that the city would help redevelop a neglected former USO Club (and, later, a former library and community center), which the city acquired in 1993.
The club, which had opened in 1942 as a venue for African-American servicemen from Camp Shelby during World War II, stood in the historic black neighborhood of Mobile.
Williams, as head of the community relations office, asked local military veterans to donate and locate artifacts which would be displayed at a new proposed museum at the USO club site.
During the same time period, the Hattiesburg Convention Commission was created by the Mississippi State Legislature during the 1990s to grow and fund Hattiesburg's tourism, convention and economic developmemt sectors, including the construction of new facilities and infrastructure.
A 2 percent sales tax on food and beverages at local restaurants was enacted to provide funding to improve new and exiting city buildings, including renovations to the Saenger Theater and the new Lake Terrace Convention Center.
The renovation of the existing USO Club, which was preserved during its transition into the museum, cost an estimated $1.1 million, according to an annual report issued by the Hattiesburg Convention Commission.
It is the only existing USO Club that served African American servicemen during World War II that remains in use in the United States.
In an interview, Williams described her favorite exhibit as the one featuring Ruth Bailey Earl, a United States Army nurse who served during World War II.
Hattiesburg Mayor Johnny DuPree reappointed her to her final term on the commission from August 18, 2012, until her retirement on August 17, 2014.
Iola and George Williams established a lunch program for local Mississippi senior citizens who had been impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2006.
Attendees at the 2016 awards, held at the San Jose Scottish Rite Temple, included U.S. Reps. Zoe Lofgren and Rep. Mike Honda.
Iola Williams and her husband moved to Lampasas, Texas, to be closer to her family following her diagnosis with Parkinson's disease.
The story revolves around the lives of Ravi Varman, a 45-year old sophisticated business entrepreneur and a 20-year old girl next door Sreelakshmi, whose parents are worried about her future.
The 1984 Pepsi Canadian Junior Men's Curling Championship was held February 19 to 25 at the Assiniboine Memorial Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
The host Manitoba team, skipped by Bob Ursel (of Winnipeg) won the event, defeating British Columbia (skipped by Rob Houston) in the finals.
For winning the event, Ursel and his team of Brent Mendella, Gerald Chick and brother Mike Ursel earned a spot representing Canada at the 1985 World Junior Curling Championships, where they won a gold medal.
Munnodi is a 2017 Tamil language masala directed by SPTA Kumar and starring Harish and Yamini Bhaskar in the lead roles with Malayalam actor Sijoy Varghese and Arjuna in pivotal roles.
Arjuna, who appeared in Tamil and Telugu films was signed to play one of the three main leads alongside Harish and Varghese.
Jamaican Military Band (JMB) is one of two military bands in the Jamaican Defence Forces, with the other being The Jamaica Regiment Band.
It consists of a parade band (which can be configured into a concert band) and a corps of drums, as well as soloists with specific duties.
It is one of only two musical units in the world (the other being the Band of the Barbados Regiment) that wears the traditional uniform of the zouaves.
Its final performance in that form was at Trafalgar Park House near Liguanea, the then official residence of the Commander of the British Army in Jamaica (now the residence of the British High Commissioner) in the presence of Prince Albert the Duke of York and the Duchess of York.
On 8 December 1926, the then-Mayor of Kingston Hubert Simpson brought forward in the Legislative Council a motion for the retention of the Band.
While the country was still part of the British Empire, the band played during the visit of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joey Smallwood from Newfoundland.
When the country did achieve it's independence from the West Indies Federation, the band became disassociated with the shared military band of the WIF and became a separate entity.
The band's golden jubilee was celebrated in 1977 with honours being given by the Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation and the Freedom of the City being given by the City of Kingston.
In early July 2015, the JMB took part in a two-day information-sharing program with the 257th Army Band of the District of Columbia Army National Guard.
He was also Chairman and President of the Fort McKay Group of Companies (1986-2019), President of the Athabasca Tribal Council (ATC), Grand Chief of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta, Vice-Chairperson, Board of Governors of Keyano College in Fort McMurray, Alberta and Chairperson for the National Aboriginal Economic Development Board.
The Fort McKay First Nation is situated in the heart of Canada’s Athabasca oil sands and is surrounded by industrial development.
As a young Chief in the mid-1980s, Boucher recognized that the Fort McKay First Nation community’s location not only posed issues, but also offered opportunities.
As a result, he has strategically taken advantage of Fort McKay’s geographical location to enhance the community’s social and economic conditions through effective partnerships with industry and governments and by developing and sustaining successful First Nation-owned businesses that create economic wealth and opportunity.
In 1986, the Fort McKay First Nation came together and decided to form a corporation called the Fort McKay Group of Companies (FMGOC) and begin providing services to the oil industry as a way to provide employment opportunities to their people and generate revenue.
His strategic and conciliatory approach to this important matter reduced the amount of time it took to negotiate and finalize the Settlement.
In 2017, FMFN invested a combined $500 million to become owners of a 49 per cent stake in a Suncor Energy bitumen storage facility at their operations near Fort McMurray.
According to Statistics Canada, Fort McKay First Nation had an average after-tax income of $73,571 in 2015, which was higher than both the Alberta average ($50,683) and Canada average ($38,977).
Fort McKay First Nation and Fort McKay Group of Companies were the recipients of the 2018 Aboriginal Economic Development Corporation of the Year, awarded by the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business (CCAB)..
Boucher was named one of The Power 50 - The 50 Most Influential Canadian Business Leaders in 2017 by The Globe and Mail.
The College of Veterinarians of Ontario is the body chaged by the Government of Ontario with regulating practicing Veterinarians in the province.
It is also the only regulatory college to not be headquarted in Toronto with its head office being in Guelph - The same city as the Ontario Veterinary College the province's only post-secondary institution of its kind.
Heiqia Pass, Heika Pass or Heiqiazi Daban(), also known by Western sources as Kirgizjangal Pass, is a mountain pass along the China National Highway 219 with numerous hairpin turns.
Located at from the northern terminus of the G219 highway, it is between the village of Mazar in Kargilik County and the town of Xaidulla in Hotan County near the boundary of the two counties.
Located about to the west, it was a location best avoided by caravan traders between the Indian subcontinent and Tarim Basin (southern Xinjiang).
When the Qing dynasty first took control of the region in the late 1700s, they expelled the Kirghiz from the area.
This along with the economic impacts of those rebellions led to reduction in trade along the caravan route between the Indian subcontinent and Tarim Basin.
In recent years, a few mining operations started to west of the mountain pass producing siderite iron ore and potentially copper.
After graduating from Brown, Hempel in 1998-99 joined Teach for America and worked for a year as a fourth grade teacher.
Hempel's notable freelance articles included a feature on Pixar for the San Francisco Chronicle, and a profile of a young middle-school teacher in Oakland, California, trying to make headway in difficult circumstances.
While at Fortune, Hempel also co-chaired the magazine's Aspen (Colorado) tech conference and made broadcast appearances on CNN, PBS, MSNBC, Fox News and CNBC.
From 2013 to 2015, Hempel also served as an adjunct professor at New York University's School of Continuing and Professional Studies, within the Publishing: Digital and Print Media program.
From 2016 to 2017, she also served as editorial director at Backchannel (blog), an online hub of technology-related coverage that Wired had acquired.
Thomas Robert Reid (April 12, 1839 – June 17, 1917) was an American politician who served in Wyoming House of Representatives as a Democrat.
Thomas Robert Reid was born in London on April 12, 1839 and in 1844 was taken to Australia by his relatives.
On July 13, 1867 he joined the army and became a sergeant in Troop M of the Second Regiment of Cavalry and served until July 13, 1872.
It can be distinguished from other species of fantail by the black scaling below its black breast patch, bright white throat, and distinct courtship vocalization.
All of them were discovered in surveys during 2009 and 2013, the largest discovery of its kind in over a century.
Laulara is a village in the Puncha CD block in the Manbazar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Laulara had a total population of 2,743, of which 1,378 (50%) were males and 1,365 (50%) were females.
It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, economics, education, history, geography, philosophy, political science, physics, chemistry, and general courses in arts and science.
Shiva Mahatap Tewalai (Thai, เทวาลัยศิวะมหาเทพ) is a Hindu temple located at Ban Don Yang, Sila Sub-district, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen Province.
It is near Route 230, the Friendship Highway Bypass Road (Kalasin-Udorn), south of, and not far from Phutthamonthon Esan - Khon Kaen.
Although Thailand is a Buddhist country, there is an syncretic relationship and mutual understanding with and about Buddhism and Hinduism and many Thai people believe in Hindu gods such as Ganesha, one of the best known and most worshiped deities in the Hindu religion and Shiva (whom the Thais call Phra Isuan), one of the principal deities of Hinduism.
The Temple is on a large tract of land and consists of numerous temples, shrines, caves and statues, surrounding a small lake - which is the place of the Phraya Anantakarat, Naga, the great serpent.
There are shrines to Trimurti – Brahma the creator (known as Phra Phrom in Thailand), Vishnu (known as Phra Narai) the preserver and Shiva, the destructor.
There are also shrines to Tao Amarin-tarathirach or Indra (a guardian deity in Buddhism and known as Phra In), Goddess Sri Uma (consort of Shiva), Lakshmi (goddess of prosperity, good fortune, and beauty), Surachawadee, Mother Earth, Gaṅgā, worshiped by Hindus who believe that bathing in the river Ganges causes the remission of sins and facilitates liberation from the cycle of life and death, and other gods.
In the Maha Anantanakharat Cave, there is a depiction about the origin of the serpent (Nāga) according to Hindu beliefs, which is somewhat different than the Buddhist belief.
The model cave is quite large and decorated with colorful lights and faux stalactites and stalagmites which resemble the real thing.
He is the founder of Sher Vancouver which is a social, cultural, and support non-profit society for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) South Asians and their friends.
Alex received the Meritorious Service Medal from the Governor General of Canada Her Excellency the Right Honourable Julie Payette for founding Sher Vancouver.
Alex's first documentary film, My Name Was January, won 13 awards and garnered 56 official selections at film festivals around the world.
Alex completed an MSc in Public Administration and Public Policy from the Department of Government from the London School of Economics.
He has a Master of Social Work from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as well as a Bachelor of Social Work from the University of British Columbia with a First Class Standing.
In addition, Alex completed an Associate of Arts Degree at Douglas College in New Westminster, BC, and graduated Grade 12 from Frank Hurt Secondary in Surrey, BC.
Alex is a Registered Clinical Social Worker and a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a private counselling practice in North Delta, BC.
Alex identifies as a gay South Asian male and described his coming out experience as very alienating and isolating as a teenager, and he had a hard time with internalized homophobia.
In November 2016, Alex provided support and assistance for a Sikh international student from Punjab, India who was disowned by his family for being gay and who contacted Sher Vancouver for help.
Alex launched the Out and Proud project which profiled amazing queer South Asians from around the world including from Canada, USA, UK, and India.
In 2015, Alex launched the January Marie Lapuz Youth Leadership Award to recognize youth from all over the world doing great work in the LGBTQ community.
In 2017, Alex led the Sher Vancouver contingent in the Vancouver Vaisakhi Parade and in doing so made history as the first LGBTQ South Asian organization to ever march in the parade.
In 2019, Alex successfully lobbied the City of Delta in British Columbia, on behalf of Sher Vancouver, to install rainbow park benches in the city to support diversity and inclusion.
Alex is one of the founders of the Dignity Seniors Society which is a non-profit society that aims to support vulnerable LGBTQ seniors in Vancouver.
The Dignity Seniors Society was originally the Dignity House Advisory Committee (DHAC) which was a Master of Social Work practicum project of Alex Sangha.
Alex managed to secure sufficient funds from the Vancity Community Foundation and the United Way of the Lower Mainland to complete a market survey of the need and demand for affordable housing within the community.
His writings focus on social justice themes such as alleviating poverty, improving access to the legal system and democracy, LGBTQ rights, social affairs, issues that impact the South Asian community, and Canadian, British Columbian, and local politics from Surrey, BC.
Imagine: Ideas that Challenge the Status Quo (2010),  The Modern Thinker:  Timeless Ideas, Inspiration, and Hope for the 21st Century (2011), and Catalyst:  A Collection of Commentaries to Get Us Talking (2013).
Catalyst was a Finalist in the Current Events and Social Change category of the Next Generation Indie Book Awards of 2014.
It was about Sher Vancouver’s late social coordinator, January Marie Lapuz, who was tragically murdered in New Westminster, BC in September 2012.
The film focuses on January’s strengths and struggles and provides a platform for other trans women of colour to have a voice.
In 2018, the New West Record selected Alex as one of the Top 10 people who had an impact in the arts in New Westminster, BC.
Alex is currently producing his second short documentary film this time directed by Vinay Giridhar entitled, Emergence – Out of the Shadows, which is about gay and lesbian South Asian people and their coming out journey and the reactions of the parents.
In 2019, Alex Sangha and Upkar Tatlay delivered a presentation to Surrey City Council to bring a World Exposition to Surrey, BC to celebrate the diverse cultures and heritage of the city.
The Expo would have a focus on South Asian culture since Surrey has one of the largest South Asian diaspora communities outside of South Asia.
Ben Richter (born 1986) is an American composer, accordionist, and director of Ghost Ensemble, an experimental chamber ensemble based in New York.
Specializing in microtonal accordion performance, he composes chamber music that explores subtle gestures, the interactions of gradual processes, modes of awareness, and Deep Listening.
She was first elected in 2019, and represents the 7th district, comprising parts of the cities of Virginia Beach and Norfolk.
In 2019, Kiggans ran for the Virginia Senate for the 7th district, which was being vacated by Republican incumbent Frank Wagner.
In the Republican Party primary Kiggans defeated Virginia Beach School Board member Carolyn Weems by a margin of 52% to 48%.
Prior to his debut as an actor, Tsao was a professional baseball player, and played for Chinese Taipei at international tournaments.
He was a baseball player with intentions to compete at a professional level; in 2010, 16-year-old Tsao competed in the Asian AA Baseball Championship Champion.
He won Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Akira at the 2014 Taipei Film Festival and was nominated for Best New Performer at the 51st Golden Horse Awards.
The company was founded in December 2016 by James Peng and Lou Tiancheng who were formerly developers for Baidu in Silicon Valley.
In January 2018 Pony.ai completed a $112 million Series A round co-led by Morningside Venture Capital and Legend Capital with seed round lead-investor Sequoia China and investor IDG Capital also participating in the round, alongside Hongtai Capital, Legend Star, Puhua Capital, Polaris Capital, DCM Ventures, Comcast Ventures and Silicon Valley Future Capital.
She is the former president of Statistics Without Borders, and represents the US in the International Statistical Institute Committee on Women in Statistics.
Furlong earned a master's degree in statistics from American University, under the mentorship of Mary W. Gray, who also later encouraged her in her volunteer work.
She worked in the public school system as a mathematics and statistics teacher until retiring in 2008, and continues to work as a Medicare and Medicaid fraud investigator for Integrity Management Services, Inc.
The organization provides statistical consulting on a volunteer basis, particularly to organizations and countries in the developing world; as of 2015, it had approximately 1400 members.
She is one of three US representatives on the International Statistical Institute Committee on Women in Statistics, and has also been active in the Caucus for Women in Statistics, including serving as its membership coordinator.
As a jazz sideman, he has collaborated with Lukas Ligeti and Eyal Maoz (in the trio Hypercolor), Elliott Sharp, Pauline Oliveros, Roscoe Mitchell, Anthony Braxton, John Zorn, Miya Masaoka, JG Thirlwell, Annie Gosfield, SEM Ensemble, and Ghost Ensemble.
He also runs the label Infrequent Seams, which has released music by Ilgenfritz, Elliott Sharp, Steve Buscemi, Miya Masaoka, Zeena Parkins, Myra Melford, Ben Richter, Object Collection, and others.
Written by Mould about his optimism after the break-up of his previous band, Hüsker Dü, the song features optimistic lyrics and a light, acoustic arrangement.
The song was a success on the alternative circles, reaching number 4 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart in July 1989.
The first cafe, located in Agra, was opened in 2014 by Alok Dixit of Stop Acid Attacks, a nonprofit based in New Delhi.
Early employees did not know how to run a restaurant, so they opted against setting prices, in case they made mistakes.
This model remained in place for many years, but the cafe now features a fixed menu with fixed prices, as of 2020.
As of April 2019, there were nine women working at the cafe in Agra and twelve women working at the cafe in Lucknow.
In 2020, Orange Cafe was announced as a new project, which would be a cafe run by acid attack survivors in Varanasi.
The Lufkin Little League All-stars, also known as the Thundering 13, were a Little League Baseball team from Lufkin, Texas that played in the 2017 Little League World Series.
The players included Chip Buchanan, Malcolm Deason, Charlie Deaton, Hunter Ditsworth, Kolby Kovar, Lance Modisette, Christian Mumphery, Zack Phipps, Mark Requena, Collin Ross, Blake Slaga, Chandler Spencer, and Clayton Wigley.
Additionally, Texas senator Ted Cruz sent a letter to the team, Representative Trent Ashby supported the team and gave a speech at a ceremony, and Lufkin mayor Bob Brown supported the team.
The Fierce 14 was another team created about 11 months after the 2017 victory, it was composed of many of the same players.
In 2018, the City of Lufkin decided to put up a permanent picture of the Thundering 13 players in Morris Frank Park baseball complex.
He is the national police force's Deputy Chief for Administration who was chosen as its officer in charge on October 15, 2019, to succeed Oscar Albayalde following Albayalde's resignation the day before.
He completed his primary education at Maramag's central elementary school and for his secondary education, he attended and graduated from Ateneo de Davao University located in Davao City.
He then pursued law school at Ateneo de Davao University in 1998 during his stint as spokesman for the Davao Region Police Office in Davao City.
After being assigned with the PNP Criminal Investigation and Detection Group in Quezon City in 2002, Gamboa transferred to José Rizal University where he completed his Juris Doctor in 2004 and was admitted to the Philippine Bar in May 2005.
Gamboa began his military and policing career as a member of the 1st Scout Ranger Regiment of the Philippine Army deployed to Talakag, Bukidnon to suppress the local CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion in the area.
He then spent several years as a battalion command staff member in Northern Mindanao before officially joining the national police force as a spokesperson for the Davao Region Police Office based in Camp Panacan, Davao City in 1997.
After four years, Gamboa transferred to the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police as a duty officer of the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group.
He spent two years in Camp Crame before returning to Mindanao to serve as provincial police chief in his native Bukidnon in 2005.
As chief of the Bukidnon Provincial Police Office based in Malaybalay, Gamboa initiated programs to significantly reduce crime and stifle the communist insurgency in the province.
He was again reassigned in Camp Crame as chief of the Legislative Affairs Center under the PNP Directorate for Plans in 2007 and as chief of the Logistics Resource Management Division under the PNP Directorate for Logistics until 2008.
Gamboa then served briefly as chief of the Regional Comptrollership Division of the Caraga Regional Police Office in Butuan until 2009.
Gamboa's other early leadership positions with the national police include serving as chief of the Budget Division of the PNP Directorate for Comptrollership in 2012 and sitting as chief of the Bids and Awards Committee Secretariat Division of the PNP Directorate for Logistics in 2013.
Between 2013 and 2015, Gamboa was assigned with the Calabarzon Region Police Office in Calamba, Laguna as regional chief of the Calabarzon PNP Directorial Staff and then as the regional police's Deputy Chief for Operations.
As a Calabarzon PNP executive, he initated measures to achieve a zero backlog in administrative cases of erring personnel using his lawyer skills and experience.
Gamboa then served as deputy director for the logistics directorate before taking on the role of Director for Comptrollership in 2016.
As comptrollership chief, he was frequently seen representing the Philippine National Police in budget hearings in the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives.
He was also credited for reinstating the combat duty pay and combat incentive pay for PNP personnel and the specialist pay for the Internal Affairs Service and the Maritime Group as comptrollership director.
He earned his three-star rank in March 2017 when he was appointed as Chief of the Directorial Staff, the fourth-highest position within the Philippine National Police.
As deputy chief, he served as task force commander for the 2019 Philippine general election who also oversaw the security preparations and implementation of the 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite.
He also helped with the internal cleansing drive of the national police by implementing preventive, punitive and restorative measures within the organization amid criticisms of the Philippine Drug War.
Following Oscar Albayalde's resignation on October 14, 2019 amid the ninja cops controversy, Gamboa was nominated by Interior Secretary Eduardo Año to serve as officer in charge of the Philippine National Police.
While the position of PNP Chief remained vacant for months after Albayalde's resignation, President Rodrigo Duterte had tasked Secretary Año to supervise, lead, fix and purge the scandal-ridden national police while Gamboa stays as officer in charge.
Ri Son-gwon is a North Korean politician and diplomat who has served as chairman of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland.
He was once known the right-hand man of Kim Yong-chol, and appeared at a second round of inter-Korean working-level military talks in October 2006.
She competed at the 2009 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival and the 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships.
The 2012 edition was by far her most successful, as she won the gold medal in super G and the silver medal in the combined event.
Winquist made her FIS Ski Jumping World Cup debut in March 2012 in Schladming, where she also collected her first World Cup points with a 24th place in super G. Competing in the Norwegian Championships between 2009 and 2013, she won two bronze medals an four silver medals overall.
The body is a golden-brown colour with two black stripes along either side of the abdomen and a single black stripe along the pronotum.
This was first observed in the late 1980s when 74 personnel from the New Zealand Army reported blistered skin after coming into contact with the species.
The boys' ski cross event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 19 January at the Villars Winter Park.
Ghost Ensemble is a New York-based experimental new music ensemble composed of flute, oboe, accordion, percussion, harp, viola, cello, two contrabasses, and conductor.
Other composers commissioned by the ensemble include ensemble bassist James Ilgenfritz, Liisa Hirsch, Teodora Stepancic, Elizabeth Adams, Kristina Wolfe, Andrew C. Smith, and Kyle Gann.
She comes from a musical family: Her grandfather was a famous songwriter in Laos, and her father was a music teacher.
The party culminated its process of cantonal and provincial assemblies in November 2018 allowing it to participate in the 2020 Costa Rican municipal elections.
The party was founded by Díaz, who was deputy for the 2014-2018 period by Otto Guevara's Libertarian Movement and would face Guevara in the first and so far only party's primary election, the National Libertarian Convention of 2017.
Díaz would not support Guevara as a candidate in the 2018 election and would in fact give his adhesion to liberationist nominee Antonio Álvarez Desanti.
As of 2018, the party began talks with other political forces such as New Generation, Christian Democratic Alliance, Costa Rican Renewal, Social Christian Republican Party, Libertarian Movement and a faction of the Social Christian Unity Party to negotiate a right-wing coalition for the 2022 election, however the talks stalled.
Jimmy O'Brien, better known by his nickname Jomboy, is a sports media personality who creates social media videos digging in to sports stories.
Jomboy rose to prominence on the internet in 2019 when he created a viral video showing with subtitles what New York Yankees manager Aaron Boone appeared to be saying during an argument with an umpire in a game.
O'Brien lived in Hazlet, New Jersey until he was eight years old, later moving to Lindfield, New South Wales, Lake Zurich, Illinois, Southbury, Connecticut, Livermore, California, Newtown, Connecticut, back to the San Francisco Bay Area and then Lavallette, New Jersey before moving to New York City.
While watching a July 2019 Yankees game, O'Brien discovered that Aaron Boone's argument with umpire Brennan Miller had been picked up by microphones on an MLB.TV feed, and he published the video of the argument with subtitles showing what was being said.
Yankees and MLB officials expressed mixed reactions to the viral video, with some questioning whether fans should be able to hear conversations on the field and in the dugout and others appreciating O'Brien for making creative content that could market baseball to younger fans.
Whenever catcher Kevan Smith called for pitcher Danny Farquhar to throw a changeup, the sound of someone banging on a trash can in the Astros' dugout was unmistakable.
Thomas Humphrey (1858 – 1922) was a Scottish-born Australian artist and photographer who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.
Although a minor figure compared to Tom Roberts, Arthur Streeton and other members of the Heidelberg School, Humphrey won praise for his work from his contemporaries, and today he is represented in the permanent collections of several of Australia's major art galleries.
Born in 1858 in Aberdeen, Scotland, Humphrey migrated as a young boy with his family to Australia, settling in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond.
As a teenager, he studied part-time at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School and entered the photographic trade, where he worked with George Pitt Morison and eventually established his own photographic studio with his wife, Alice Mills.
Since then, Humphrey's works have entered the permanent collections of both state and regional Australian galleries, including the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the Art Gallery of Ballarat.
Throughout much of his life, Humphrey was plagued by health problems which, together with the demands of running a photographic studio, limited his ability to paint.
Fırtına or Peruma is one of the main water streams of Rize Province in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.
Beck earned her Bachelor of Arts from University of Michigan in 1969 and her Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1972.
On January 4, 1995, President Bill Clinton nominated Beck to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Bruce D. Beaudin.
On March 25, 2010, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint her to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
The 14,000 men strong Division was then sent to Liguria and was from July to October 1944, part of the Army Group Liguria under Marshal Graziani.
Unlike the Monterosa Division which was sent to fight against the Americans at the Gothic Line, most of the San Marco Division remained in Liguria for the rest of the war fighting partisans.
In August 1944 a unit was sent to France to fight against the Allies near Toulon, and two battalions were deployed along the Gothic Line to reinforce the Italian-German defence.
The band had experience lineup instability since their debut studio release, breaking up in 2005 then having a one-off reunion in 2006 at the Delicious Rox Festival.
The band was signed to EMP Label Group on October 6, 2016 and stated that the new album would be released in spring 2017.
The men's pole vault event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 15 July 1987.
V. Balram (also written as V. Balaram, 10 November 1947 – 18 January 2020) was an Indian lawyer and politician from Kerala belonging to Indian National Congress who was the general secretary of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee.
The women's shot put event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 15 July 1987.
It focuses on specific incidents of conflict with senior advisors, including former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and former Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis.
When Tillerson told him it would need action by Congress, Trump reportedly instructed an aide to draft an executive action to repeal the law.
The book suggests that this consistent pattern of reliance on personal loyalty, combined with a disregard for consequences, has placed Trump in opposition to conventional democratic power structures in Washingon, D.C., with apparently chaotic results.
The book also highlights apparent gaps in the president's geopolitical knowledge, relating a story about a meeting with Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in which the American president reportedly claimed, incorrectly, that India and China do not share a border.
Another account describes him visiting Pearl Harbor and the USS Arizona Memorial while apparently having no understanding of what actually happened there.
North American rights to the book were purchased by Penguin Press, while UK and Commonwealth rights were purchased by Bloomsbury Publishing.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
The history of Christianity in Hungary started in the Roman province of Pannonia, centuries before the arrival of the Magyars, or Hungarians.
The Romans forced the tribes of Transdanubia (the region to the west of the Middle Danube) into submission between 35BC and 9AD.
The province was divided into four in the 290s, with two new provinces, Pannonia Prima and Pannonia Valeria, icorporating lands in present-day Hungary.
Although bishop Quirinus of Sescia was publicly executed in Savaria in 303, no local martyrs are known from the two provinces.
The Huns crossed the river Volga from the east and forced large groups of Alans and Goths to abandon their homelands in the Pontic steppes in the late 370s.
The Romans allowed the Marcomanni, who had dwelled north of the Middle Danube, to settle in Pannonia Prima after their queen, Fritigil, converted to Christianity around 396.
Heruli, Suebi and other small Germanic peoples seized parts of Pannonia until the Lombards united the territory under their rule in the 500s.
Anthony the Hermit was born in Pannonia Valeria; he left the province to be educated by Severinus of Noricum only after the death of his parents.
Coming from the region of the Ural Mountains, the Magyars appeared in the lands to the west of the Volga River at an unknown time.
The Magyars were among the subject peoples of the Khazar Khaganate for an uncertain period, but from the mid-9th-century they acted as an independent power.
Ahmad ibn Rustah, Abu Sa'id Gardezi and other medieval Muslim geographers who preserved earlier scholars' records of the 9th-century Magyars described them as star- and fire-worshipers.
Prohibitions in Christian legislation indicate that sacrifices made at sacred groves and springs were important elements of the pagan Magyars' cult.
The Magyars came into contact with Muslims, Jews and Christians, but all theories on their influence on the Magyars' religious life are speculative.
The Byzantine Emperor Leo the Wise incited them to invade Bulgaria in 894, but the Bulgarians made an alliance with the Pechenegs.
Both local Christians and Christian prisoners may have influenced the Magyars' attitude towards Christianity, because part of the local population survived the Magyar conquest and the Magyars captured Christians during their raids in Europe, but their role in the Magyars' conversion is undocumented.
A sabretache decorated by a Greek cross, mythical animals and palmettes, found in a grave at Tiszabezdéd, may reflect Christian influence or religious syncretism, but the dead warrior was put in the grave in accordance with pagan practices, together with his horse.
The late-11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes claimed that Hierotheos had converted many Hungarians, but archaeological finds does not support the idea of a mass conversion to Orthodox Christianity in the second half of the 10thcentury.
Pope John XI had already sent a missionary bishop, Zacheus, to Hungary in the early 960s, but the Pope's opponent, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I captured Zacheus at Capua.
A Benedictine monk, Wolfgang, left the Einsiedeln Abbey to proselytize among the Hungarians in 972, but Piligrim, Bishop of Passau, forbade him to leave his diocese.
Thietmar of Merseburg recorded that Géza offered sacrifices to pagan gods even after his baptism; Bruno of Querfurt accused Sarolt of mixing Christian and heathen practices.
Stephen requested a royal crown from Emperor Otto III or Pope Sylvester II, because he wanted to demonstrate his country's full sovereignty and his right to rule by the grace of God.
His request was granted and he was crowned the first king of Hungary on 25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001.
Historians debate whether Kalocsa was established as an archbishopric without suffragan bishops, or as a bishopric, but it was mentioned as an archbishopric already in 1050.
Stephen completed the establishment of Pannonhalma Abbey and founded Benedictine monasteries at Pécsvárad, Zalavár, Bakonybél, Somlóvásárhely and Zobor (now in Slovakia).
The bishoprics and the monasteries received magnanimous grants and Stephen ordered the collection of the tithes, a church tax, for the clergy.
His first laws put Church property and the clergy under royal protection, ordered the observation of feast days and fasts and the punishment of those who disturbed the mass by murmuring.
Bonipert, the first bishop of Pécs, came from France or Lombardy; one of his priests, Hilduin, was a Frenchman; the hermits Zoerard and Benedict were born in Poland or Istria.
His second law book prescribed that every ten villages were to build a church, but a fully developed parish system cannot be documented.
One of his opponents, Ajtony, who ruled the Banat, converted to Orthodoxy and established a monastery for Byzantine monks at his seat.
After Stephen's troops conquered Ajtony's domains, the monks were transferred to a new monastery, built for them at Oroszlámos (now Banatsko Aranđelovo in Serbia).
Byzantine documents made sporadic references to metropolitan bishops of Tourkia in this period, proving the existence of a titular Hungarian Orthodox metropolitanate.
Gerard described them as heretics who denied the resurrection of the dead and threatened the Church's position with the assistance of Methodius's followers.
In 1046, they offered the throne to Vazul's exiled sons, but a popular uprising began against the King before the three dukes returned to Hungary.
The Teatro Re was a theatre in Milan, located near the Piazza del Duomo and named for its proprietor, Carlo Re.
It functioned as both a prose theatre and an opera house and saw the world premieres of numerous operas, including four by Giovanni Pacini.
The Teatro Re was named for its proprietor, Carlo Re, a Milanese businessman and impresario who in his early days had been a shoemaker.
Designed by Luigi Canonica, the theatre was built on the site of the demolished church of San Salvatore in Xenodochio which had been established in the late 8th century as the chapel for Milan's first orphanage.
Less than half the size of La Scala (Milan's main opera house), the Teatro Re had an overall seating capacity of 1000 arranged over an upper balcony, three tiers of boxes, and eight rows of seats on the floor of the auditorium.
The curtain, which depicted the Judgement of Paris, was painted by Pasquale Canna, who like Sanquirico, also worked as a set painter and designer for La Scala.
The Teatro Re hosted over 20 world premieres of operas and ballets between 1814 and 1848 and saw performances by some of Italy's most prominent theatre companies, including those of , Gaetana Goldoni, , and Vestri & Venier.
The Teatro Re's popularity began a slow decline in the second half of the 19th century, and it supplemented its theatrical and operatic productions with acrobatic and science shows.
For a while some of its repertoire moved to the Nuovo Teatro Re (New Teatro Re) which had been opened in the Porta Ticinese district by Carlo Re's son Giovanni in 1864.
The building of the original Teatro Re was acquired by the city of Milan and demolished in 1879 during the restructuring of the area around the newly-built Galleria Vittorio Emanuele.
The women's 1500 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 14 and 16 July 1987.
It selects potential judges for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
When there occurs a vacancy on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia or the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, the commission, which consists of a seven member panel, is responsible for creating a list of three candidates to fill vacant positions on the District's judiciary.
The commission then sends the list to the President of the United States who selects one nominee to fill the position.
The men's long jump event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 14 and 16 July 1987.
Chud Rab Kaek (, ) is the 12th studio album by Thongchai McIntyre with Jintara Poonlarp, Myria Benedetti and Katreeya English.
Armaan Bedil is an Indian Singer and Actor who Introducing acts in upcoming punjabi movie Nirbhau Nirvair and His upcoming Punjabi debut movie Pind Surangpuriya.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
Matthias Trentsensky aka Mathäus Trentsensky (30 August 1790 Vienna - 19 March 1868 Vienna), son of Mathäus Trentsensky (1754 Schemnitz - 1818 Vienna), was a Viennese publisher and engraver of Hungarian origin.
He published colour plates of soldiers' uniforms, folk and theatre costumes, toy or paper theatres, and educational posters or wall charts of plants and animals.
He studied engraving art and worked in the lithographic workshop of in Vienna, and in 1819, together with his younger brother Joseph Trentsensky (1794-1839), opened his own lithographic publishing and office supply company (Papierwarenhandlung).
They released a significant number of lithographs depicting the uniforms of the Austrian army and battle scenes, as well as theatrical costumes, images of animals and popular prints for children.
From 1820 Joseph was part owner of a stationery and artist's supplies shop on the , and opened his own Nuremberg goods shop in 1829.
In 1822 he received a patent for the production of lithographs using zinc plates, and in 1829 one for wooden blocks.
His brother Joseph Trentsensky (9 August 1794 - 24 January 1839) was married to Bianca Westermann and they lived in Rasumofskygasse in Leopoldstadt.
Legislative elections were held in the Comoros on 19 January 2020; in constituencies where no candidate received a majority, a second round will be held alongside local elections on 23 February.
An opposition union including the two largest parties in the outgoing Assembly (the Union for the Development of the Comoros and the Juwa Party) boycotted the elections due to ongoing disputes over constitutional reforms and political repression spearheaded by President Azali Assoumani.
Following decades when the politics of the Comoros was shaped by dictatorship, frequent coups, and civil war, the adoption of the December 2001 Constitution inaugurated the only sustained democratic order in the country since its independence from France in 1975.
Azali Assoumani, the leader of the last successful military coup in 1999, remained as president after winning multi-party elections in March 2002.
Constitutionally barred from serving consecutive terms, Assoumani stepped down from the presidency for a decade in 2006, before being reelected in 2016.
Two weeks later, Assoumani announced that a series of consultations held with representatives of the nation during the preceding months had determined that to realize his vision of development a referendum should be held to revise the constitution.
Claiming that he was now eligible to serve for another ten years, Assoumani called a new presidential election in 2019, two years early.
Former president and Juwa Party head Ahmed Abdallah Sambi was placed under house arrest; other opposition leaders who went into hiding were tried in absentia and given life sentences at hard labor.
Journalists were detained, newspaper issues confiscated, and printing presses raided, in response to which private media declared a boycott of government press conferences.
During an extraordinary session of the Assembly held on the evening of 3 September 2019, the administration won a vote on an enabling act giving President Assoumani the authority to rule by decree, to take any measures deemed necessary to conduct new parliamentary elections.
This power was used to strip representatives of parliamentary immunity during a new round of arrests and prosecutions of opposition figures.
To prevent the passage of an amnesty bill intended to prevent imprisonment for political activity, the government closed the Assembly on 31 December, before its mandate was set to expire in March 2020.
The 33 members of the Assembly are elected by two methods: 24 members are directly elected in single member constituencies using the two-round system, whilst nine members (three from each) are elected by the Island assemblies of Anjouan, Grande Comore and Mohéli.
The period leading up to election day was noted for the absence of rallies and other forms of mass mobilization typical of past campaigns.
Representatives of the RADHI and Orange parties have insisted that their parties are independent and contribute to a real competition of ideas; claiming a special responsibility to hold President Assoumani and the CRC accountable and check any future abuses of power.
After leaving school at 17, she worked for several years before attending the University of Otago and graduating with a BA in Political Studies.
She has been a waitress, fruit picker, office worker and fruit shop owner, and began to write children's fiction after her own children were born.
Several of her books have been shortlisted for the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults or the Esther Glen Award, or named as Storylines Notable Books.
She also works as an adult literacy tutor for Literacy Aotearoa and visits schools as part of the New Zealand Book Council Writers in Schools programme.
Apilan and kota mara are two Malay nautical terms which refers to the structure on a vessel where the cannon is installed.
It has a hole to place long gun, and sometimes swivel gun can be placed over the top of the apilan.
According the Great Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), kota mara means (1) Wall on a ship to protect men mounting the cannon (2) Terrace or wall over a castle which a cannon is mounted.
Smaller pirate craft put up thick plank bulwarks [apilan] when fighting, while larger ones like those of the Lanun people had bamboo ledges hanging over their gunwales, with a protecting breastwork [kota mara] of plaited rattan about 3 feet (1 meter) high.
Small craft would have nine oars per side; larger ones would be double-banked, with an upper tier of oarsmen seated on the bulwark projection hidden behind rattan breastwork.
Pirate armament included a stockade near the bow, with iron or brass 4-pounders, and another stockade aft, generally with two swivel guns.
Born in Auckland on 7 January 1929, Bartlett was the son of Florence Mary Bartlett (née Cushman) and John Maddocks Bartlett.
He was educated at Auckland Grammar School, before studying architecture at Auckland University College and completing a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1957.
Bartlett was awarded a New Zealand government cultural fund bursary to study in Paris in 1953 and 1954, and spent the postgraduate year of his architectural studies in France.
Between 1954 and 1957, he worked in Paris as a project architect on multi-storey housing projects, before returning to New Zealand and going into private practice.
In 1958, he won first prize in the New Zealand Institute of Architects (NZIA) Winstone House Competition, and in 1968 he was awarded an NZIA bronze medal for the Newcombe house in Parnell; the building received an NZIA Auckland enduring architecture award in 2013.
Bartlett designed the Centennial Theatre Centre at his old school, Auckland Grammar, which won an NZIA Auckland region medal in 1974, and an NZIA gold medal in 1975.
Bartlett was elected as a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Architects in 1976, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts the following year.
In 1961, Bartlett was one of a number of architects, including Harry Turbott and Bill Wilson, employed as a sessional staff members in the School of Architecture at the University of Auckland.
In 1964, he was appointed as a senior lecturer in architecture at the University of Auckland, to teach architectural history and theory, and he was promoted to professor of architectural design in 1977.
Chak (hindi -) and (urdu - چک) is a village in Bahraich district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh .
and Chak village is 114 km from Lucknow , the capital of Uttar Pradesh.The village is administered by the village headman, who is an elected representative.
It was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, for an area south of Montreal.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
Trialeti petroglyphs () is prehistoric rock art in the Trialeti area, in the Tsalka Municipality, engraved over a number of periods from the Mesolithic to the Middle Bronze Age.
It is recognized as a monument of the Cultural Heritage of Georgia and is part of the Prehistoric Rock Art Trails, a cultural route designated by the Council of Europe.
The Trialeti petroglyphs are located some 12 km east of the town of Tsalka, in the narrow gorge of the Avdris-Tsqali or Patara Khrami river—a right tributary of the Ktsia River—on the outskirt of the village of Gantiadi (former Tikilisa) in the Kvemo Kartli region, in an area which was historically known as Trialeti.
It is the only example of prehistoric rock art of this type found on the territory of Georgia; carvings at Mghvimevi cave in Imereti and Agtsa in Abkhazia are limited to simple geometric motifs.
Animals are the most common depictions and include local fauna, such as deer, horses, mountain goats, birds, and fish, as well as fantastic and hybrid creatures.
Human figures are hunters, equipped with bows and arrows, and diminutive in comparison to the animals, measuring between 2.5 cm and 18-20 cm, mostly of 1-2 mm in width and depth.
The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 15 and 16 July 1987.
Ali Isah Jibrin (born 15 July 1983), simply known as Ali Jita, is a Nigerian Hausa musician, song writer and singer.
Ali was born into the family of Alhaji Sallau Jibrin Kibiya a Butcher and his mother Hajiya Ummul-Khairi in Gyadi gyadi area of Kumbotso local government Kano state, Nigeria.
He was raised in Shagari quarters Gyadi-gyadi as a little boy his father moved his family from Kano to Lagos then to Abuja due to his business purposes.
Ali Jita started his Nursery elementary education in shagari quarters, a place where he was born, he then did his primary and junior secondary education at Bonikam barracks Victoria Ireland, Lagos state, he finished his senior secondary education in Abuja.
Most of Ali's songs where used in the Kannywood film industry, but some of his Albums were sold out to other Hausa film Industries, His associates include Nazifi Asnanic, Fati Niger, Naziru M Ahmad, etc.
Ali Jita started his musical career since he was 16 years old in Lagos while he was in Islamic school where he used to sang Islamic phrases as a learner, He also went to Studio when he was studying public administration in Federal college of education Kano.
He was called Jita that translate into English as Guitar due to his love for the instrument, which is one of the beat instrument he uses for his records.
Ramón Augusto Lobo Moreno (born 24 April 1967) is a Venezuelan politician, economist and professor who served as president of the Central Bank of Venezuela between 2017 and 2018.
As of December 2018, he currently serves as Minister Counselor and charge d'affaires of the Embassy of Venezuela in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The concern for training as a more complete professional leads him to study a postgraduate degree at the Fermín Toro University where he acquires the Title of Magister Scientiarum in Business Management.
From a very young age, in his native La Azulita, he created a group that defended the rights and injustices of the Azulitenses, which would later become a political party and then a community movement.
Lobo served as Mayor of the Andrés Bello Municipality during two consecutive periods (2000-2008), where he acquires greater experience in public management and optimizes citizen participation in the exercise of municipal government.
In the life of Ramón Lobo, political activity has been a permanent inspiration, the fight for equality and social justice led him to integrate the Youth and Communist Party of Venezuela, 1986/1996.
In the ULA he assumes the student leadership as a Member of the Student Center of the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences by Option 89, 1989/1991.
In the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR), he was a member and Finance Coordinator of the Andrés Bello Municipality between 1998 to 2007.
He was a State Spokesman of the PSUV Organizing Committee, Delegate of the PSUV for the Municipality Andrés Bello and State Spokesman before the First Extraordinary Congress of the PSUV.
2 by decision of the PSUV bases, and was in the National Parliament by decision of the People in defense and deepening of the Socialist Revolution being elected by an average amount of 52% and 58% respectively during two periods from 2011-16 and 2016-17.
On 26 October 2017, the National Constituent Assembly appointed Lobo as the next president of the Central Bank of Venezuela, even though the constitution of Venezuela and the Law on the Central Bank establishes that the ratification of the president of the Central Bank must be approved by the National Assembly majority opposition after being chosen by the president.
On 10 December 2018, President Nicolás Maduro designated Lobo as Minister Counselor and charge d'affairs of the Venezuelan Embassy in Saudi Arabia.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 5 was the fifth event of the season and is held in Ruhpolding, Germany, from 15 to 19 January 2020.
Painting by Mwaba – finely drawn figures coupled with abstracted silhouettes – was among the Zambian art showcased at the African Studies Gallery in Tel Aviv in 2018.
Katherine was one of the four daughters of John Doyley (d. 1593) and Anne Barnard, and was a co-heir of the Doyley estate at Merton.
After the death of John Doyley, in 1601, her sister Margaret Doyley married Edward Harington of Ridlington and her mother Anne Barnard married James Harington (1542–1614), the father of Edward Harington, in a double wedding.
John J. Ferriola retired at the end of 2019, and was succeeded by longtime Nucor executive Topalian as CEO and president from January 2020.
Haqeeqat is a Pakistani anthology television series consisting of a collection of assorted family stories which premiered on 1 December 2019 on A-Plus TV.
From Copenhagen Stock Exchange (Danish: Fra Kjøbenhavns Børs) is a monumental group portrait painting by Peder Severin Krøyer, featuring 50 representatives of the Danish commercial and financial industries gathered in the Great Hall of the Exchange Building in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The idea for the painting was conceived by Gustav Adolph Hagemann in 1881 while he was entertaining C. F. Tietgen who was posing for Peder Severin Krøyer's portrait of him.
Hagemann presented the idea of four monumental group portrait paintings for the newly refurbished Great Hall in Børsen featuring leading representatives of the trade, industry agriculture and shipping sectors in Denmark.
Krøyer's price for painting it was DKK 20,000 and the plan was to raise the money through contributions from the people seen in it.
The price for one of the more prominent locations in the foreground was initially DKK 800 while the price for a location in the middle was DKK 500 and one in the background was DKK 300.
It turned out to be more difficult than expected to raise the money and things did not start to move until S. V. Isberg from J.
Thomas Klugge was in connection with the 100 years anniversary of the painting commissioned to paint a group portrait painting of the CEO and 13 committee members of the Danish Chamber of Commerce.
Klugge and Krøyer are seen on the cover of two books held by two of the people seen in the painting.
A real basketball entertainment program that shows the true story that happens on the basketball court, where cast members will train and eventually compete in competitions.
In the ratings below, the lowest rating for the show will be in and the highest rating for the show will be in .
Mount Abdallah is a prominent 6,210-foot (1,893-meter) mountain summit located in the Alsek Ranges of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska.
The mountain is situated in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, as the highest point between Tarr Inlet and Rendu Inlet, northwest of Juneau, and southeast of Mount Barnard, which is the nearest higher peak.
The mountain was named in 1892 by Harry Fielding Reid, an American geophysicist, who in 1892 hired a small crew of men for an expedition to study glaciology in Glacier Bay.
There is no record of who Reid named this mountain for, but a member of his expeditionary crew who accompanied him might be a possibility.
The Council for Conservation of Heritage Sites in Israel () is a registered nonprofit non-governmental association () acting to protect and preserve buildings and sites of historic value in Israel.
As a student at Evelyn Hone College in the late 1980s Miko helped found the Zambia National Visual Arts Council, serving on the first interim national executive committee.
He is Senior Visual Arts Lecturer in the School of Media, Performing and Fine Arts at the Zambian Open University (ZAOU), which began teaching a Fine Arts degree course in 2010.
At the first graduation of ZAOU fine arts graduates in 2014, Miro turned himself into a human canvas, wearing a white suit as students daubed and slashed paint over him in a performance titled 'Correcting the National Anomaly'.
In 2009 he was one of the founders of NoGuRu, a project born from the meeting of 4/5 of the Ritmo Tribale and Xabier Iriondo, a former Afterhours guitarist.
In 2016 he was invited together with the French Canadian saxophonist Guy-Frank Pellerin (student and then teacher of the Institute for Art, Culture and Perception founded in Paris by Alan Silva) to perform as a duo at the 30th edition of the Barga Jazz Festival.
He collaborates with AMM (Associazione Musica Monteggiori) in Lucca where he founded the Monteggiori Ensemble, an ensemble of improvisers who plays under the direction of different composers alternating improvisation with written music.
Yodli the official mascot was unveiled on 8 January 2019 at CIG de Malley before match between Lausanne HC and HC Davos.
Yodli is inspired by a combination of a cow, a Saint Bernard dog, and a goat, and was created by ERACOM.
He opened the score in the 2–0 victory against Dinamo Obor Bucureşti in the 1960 Cupa României final, which helped Progresul București win the first trophy in the club's history.
In 2008 Oaidă received the title of honorary president of Progresul București, on the occasion of his 75th birthday, in recognition of his entire activity at the club from Cotroceni.
Two games were against Turkey at the Euro 1960 qualifiers, in the first match he opened the score in a 3–0 home victory in Bucharest on the 23 August Stadium.
The King Khalid Sport City Stadium, previously known as the King Khalid Sport City Stadium, is a football stadium in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
The venue was used for the first rugby union provincial representative match in the world; the 'Inter-City' match between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District on 23 November 1872.
The current professional district teams Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby play for the 1872 Cup to celebrate their first derby match.
The Caledonian Cricket Club was founded c.1850 and used this ground for their matches, together with another ground in Kelvinbridge (where Glasgow Academy is now situated, the school took over the Kelvinbridge site in 1878).
Rangers first match there was on 11 September 1875 against Vale of Leven; their last match there on 18 March 1876 against Clydesdale.
When Neon was first launched, Sky offered a 30-month free trial period for Neon, with normal subscriptions costing NZ$20 a month.
Neon's February launch was timed to compete with the US-based streaming service Netflix, which launched in New Zealand in March 2015.
In October 2016, a Roy Morgan poll found that 22,000 New Zealanders subscribed to Neon, which was outranked by the rival streaming services Netflix (264,000) and Spark New Zealand's Lightbox (128,000).
In September 2019, Neon replaced these two packages with a combined television and movies package for NZ$13.95 a month in order to compete with Netflix, Lightbox, and Amazon Prime Video.
In mid December 2019, Sky announced that it would be purchasing Lightbox with the intention of merging Neon and Lightbox into one combined streaming service in 2020.
As of 2020, Neon is available on a range of devices including newer Samsung Smart TVs, Panasonic Smart TVs, Sony Android TVs, Freeview devices, PlayStation 4, Vodafone TV boxes, Chromecast devices, iOS devices and Apple TV via AirPlay, personal computers and MacBooks equipped with Adobe Flash Player, and selected ioS and Android phones and tablets.
The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1994 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Qualifying Round for spots in the 1994 World Group.
The females and juveniles are a lighter shade of brown than the males or may be greenish, with white blotches on scales, and grey and brown barring across body.
The brownspotted wrasse is distributed from Shark Bay, Western Australia around the southern coastline of Australia as far as southern Victoria.
They are most numerous off Western Australia, especially off the south western coast of the state, they are less abundant in South Australia and Victoria is the edge of thir range where they are very rare.
The brownspotted wrasse is found in the vicinity of rocky reefs with seaweeds, it prefers sheltered, moderately exposed and slightly more exposed areas.
This species is a carnivore which feeds on a variety of benthic invertebrates found in areas with a sand substrate, among sea grass and seaweeds.
Chithi – 2 (translation: Stepmother) is an Indian Tamil language soap opera which premiered on 27 January 2020 in Sun TV.
However, in December 2019, Raadhika announced the making of the reboot version during Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal and premiered on 27 January 2020.
In the Americas Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with the winning team remaining in Group I, whereas the losing team was relegated to the Americas Zone Group II in 1994.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1994.
Manuel García Velarde (; born 14 September 1941) is a Spanish physicist and university professor, currently a member of the Academia Europaea, the Royal Academy of Doctors of Spain and the European Academy of Sciences.
Velarde has worked in American and European universities and research organizations, focusing on fluid dynamics and other non-linear problems, including the kinetic and thermodynamic theories, hydrodynamic and interfacial instabilities, anharmonic lattices and electronics.
Because of his research achievements and international cooperation, he received the insignia of Officer of the National Order of Merit of France, belongs to the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, and holds the Blaise Pascal Medal and the Medal of the Royal Spanish Society of Physics.
In 1963 he graduated in physics at the Complutense University of Madrid and, thanks to a scholarship, started to work at the Junta de Energía Nuclear (JEN), precursor of the Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT).
Influenced by Ilya Prigogine, he ended up getting two PhD degrees, one in 1968 at the Complutense University of Madrid and another in 1970 at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, which allowed him to work both in the Spanish academic world and abroad.
Back in Spain, in 1971 Velarde started to teach and research at the Autonomous University of Madrid, where he created the Department of Fluid Physics.
Rural Australia, its human and animal inhabitants, European and indigenous, the harshness and beauty of the Australian bush landscape, its vernacular architecture, and lively Australian Federal politics are Chapman's main photographic subjects.
He initiated a project of the group resulting in a widely viewed exhibition that toured the country for 5 years, and publication; ‘Beyond Reasonable Drought’, recording global warming-induced drought across Australia.
In 2014, Chapman was awarded an OAM in the Australia Day Honours for his service to the arts as a photographer.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
The winner of the preliminary round joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1994.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1994.
The men's 800 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 14, 15 and 16 July 1987.
A frontier village of the Haut-Pays (highlands), it is crossed by the Hogneau, a stream coming from France and which has the name of Grande Honnelle there, a name it keeps throughout its journey in Belgium.
At primary-school age she was invited to study at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music by its director Edgar Bainton, and made her debut with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra at age ten playing Beethoven's first piano concerto.
She briefly lived in London and then went to Zürich, where she formed a duo with Australian violinist Brenton Langbein which became a trio with him and Australian horn player Barry Tuckwell.
She began collaborating on four-hand piano repertoire with Dario De Rosa, the pianist of the , whom she married; she moved to Trieste with him and the couple had a daughter.
She performed with the London Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Tonhalle Orchester Zürich, and the Berlin Philharmonic, for the Edinburgh International Festival, the BBC and the RAI; and for the Academy of St. Cecilia and at La Fenice in Venice.
She lived in Rome for ten years until moving to Florence to teach at the Fiesole School of Music, living with Baldovini until his death in 1998.
In 2017, she performed a concert in Trieste for her 90th birthday with pianist Massimiliano Baggio; they played Brahms's two-piano arrangement of his Piano Quartet No.
Barroz: Guardian of D' Gama's Treasure is an upcoming 3D Indian fantasy children's film directed by Mohanlal in his directorial debut.
Principal photography of the film is expected to start in late 2020 and will be shot at locations including Goa, Portugal etc.
Barroz (Mohanlal) has been protecting D' Gama's treasure for 400 years and has been entrusted to hand over the treasure to a true descendant of D' Gama.
It excited Mohanlal who proposed the story has the potential to be made into a great movie and he would like to direct it.
He revealed the film will be shot in Goa and the locations have been decided, and the cast includes many foreign actors.
Elisabeth Walker-Young is a retired Canadian Paralympic swimmer, an assistant chef de mission at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and a former chef de mission for the Canadian team at the 2015 Parapan American Games.
She received an Order of Canada in 2018 because of her services to the sport within the Paralympic movement at the age of 41.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 1994.
Teams who lose their respective ties will compete in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs will be relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 1994.
The following is a list of events and releases that happened or are expected to happen in 2020 in Latin music.
The list covers events and releases from Latin regions from the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas of Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election.
Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.
After the disfranchisement of the state’s African-American population by a poll tax was largely complete in the 1890s, the Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united, although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support.
When the Democratic Party was bitterly divided, the Republicans did win the governorship in 1910 and 1912, but did not gain at other levels.
The 1920 election saw a significant but not radical change, whereby by moving into a small number of traditionally Democratic areas in Middle Tennessee and expanding turnout due to the Nineteenth Amendment and powerful isolationist sentiment, the Republican Party was able to capture Tennessee’s presidential electoral votes and win the governorship and take three congressional seats in addition to the rock-ribbed GOP First and Second Districts.
In 1922 and 1924, with the ebbing of isolationist sympathy and a consequent decline in turnout, the Democratic Party regained Tennessee’s governorship and presidential electoral votes.
However, with most other Democrats sitting the 1928 election out due to the prevailing prosperity, the nomination of Catholic New York Governor Al Smith was always a foregone conclusion from the beginning of the election campaign.
Southern fundamentalist Protestants believed that Smith would allow papal and priestly leadership in the United States, which Protestantism was a reaction against.
By the beginning of November it was thought by pollsters that Smith would carry the state, but as it turned out the state’s votes went quite clearly to Hoover, despite the powerful Democratic loyalty of whites in West Tennessee.
This would be the best Republican performance in Tennessee between Grant’s 36.85% 1868 landslide and Richard Nixon’s carrying the state by 37.95% in 1972.
The girls' sprint freestyle cross-country skiing competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 19 January at the Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
But they grew up in each other's strengths, and at the same time found the inner part of each other and gradually fell in love.
In his second year at the university, he decided to become a singer in Korea after meeting with a Korean pop music composer who persuaded him to do so.
He was credited as the first pop musician to introduce Korean audiences to the new jack swing genre, which was popular in the mid-1980s and early 1990s in the U.S.
While a 10-year visa he held in Korea as a U.S. national had to be recertified every six months, he was denied an extension to his visa for no reason by an official at the Immigration Office.
He hid his true identity as music producers told him he would not make it again due to his previous controversial image in Korea.
In a press conference at a fan meeting, he revealed that his sole dream of becoming a K-pop star in his 20s was finally accomplished now, at age 50.
He is in the process of publishing a memoir, recalling his music career and his life from a one-time singer into an English teacher and then a restaurant server in the U.S.
Stefanek died on 17 January 2020 in Lublin at the age of 83, and he will be buried in the Łomża cathedral on January 23.
She then sailed from St Helena on 28 September, having come via Mauritius where she had stopped between 7 and 13 August.
He completed a bachelor's in mechanical engineering at University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez and a master's in systems engineering at Virginia Tech.
He completed executive development courses at John F. Kennedy School of Government and is currently completing a doctor of administration at Colorado Technical University.
Director, Joint Capability Technology Demonstration and Commanding Officer, NR NAVSEA Supervisor of Salvage and Diving Unit in the United States Navy Reserve.
Walther von Hahn (born April 26.1942 in Marburg/Lahn) is a German linguist and computer scientist and was until 2007 full professor both in Computer Science and Linguistics at the University of Hamburg.
As a professor since 1978 his research and teaching shifted to more formal fields of formal in the German seminar thereat.
From 1992-1998 von Hahn led the project DB(R)-MAT the first major machine aided translation project involving languages in Central-Eastern Europe (Romanian and Bulgarian).
The Kyundyulyun forms a northeastern prolongation of the Kular Range, which extends from the southwest on the other side of the Yana, overlapping with the northern foothills of the Chersky Range that extend from the southeast.
To the east and southeast the northern foothills of the Chersky Range extend southwards and to the west and south the winding Yana River forms the limit of the range.
The Kyundyulyun area is practically uninhabited except for the town of Ust-Kuyga, located at the southwestern edge of the range on the eastern bank of the Yana River.
Dito CME's origins can be traced to its original founding in 1925 as Itogon-Suyoc Mines, Inc. (ISM), owners of the Sangilo and Suyoc Mines in the province of Benguet and the Benit Claim in Camarines Norte.
In 2010, ISM and PhilWeb Corporation jointly-invested in the acquisition of a 65% stake in Acentic GmbH, a hotel in-room entertainment systems based in Germany and the United Kingdom.
In December 2011, ISM, along with a group of investors, jointly bought a 97% majority stake in Philippine Bank of Communications (PBCom).
It would later sold its majority interest in 2014 to the Lucio Co-led group, and ISM now only owns 1% stake in PBCom.
It was planned to be acquired by his company Udenna Corporation with the intention of the backdoor listing in the Philippine Stock Exchange.
In December 2019, however, the plan was cancelled and ISM, instead, officially renamed as Dito CME Holdings following the acquisition of the shell company Udenna Communications Media and Entertainment.
The new naming of the firm was patterned after Dito Telecommunity (also majority owned by Udenna), the new third major telecommunications provider in the Philippines.
The boys' sprint freestyle cross-country skiing competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 19 January at the Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
This is an incomplete list of works by Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940), a Swiss-born German artist and draftsman.
The Trinidad and Tobago Parliament currently has 41 Parliamentary constituencies across the constituent islands, each electing a single Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Representatives by the plurality (first past the post) system of election, ordinarily every five years.
Voting last took place in all 41 of those constituencies at the Trinidad and Tobago general election on 7 September 2015, and these results have been counted and verified.
The number of seats rose from 36 at the 2007 general election after proposals made by the Elections and Boundary Comission were adopted through statutory instruments.
The 2020 Italian local elections will be held on different dates; most on May 2020, together with the 2020 regional elections, with a second round on June.
Direct elections will be held in 1,082 out of 7,904 municipalities; in each of these, the mayor and the members of the City Council are going to be elected.
Under this system, voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition.
If no candidate receives at least 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks.
The election of the City Council is based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote: the candidate with the majority of the preferences is elected.
Behind the Evidence is a 1935 American crime film directed by Lambert Hillyer and starring Norman Foster, Sheila Bromley and Donald Cook.
The men's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 16 July 1987.
Christopher Robinson (1712-1787) was an Irish barrister and judge, who for many years was the senior ordinary judge in the courts of common law.
He is best remembered for his collection of legal textbooks, which forms the basis for the Library of the King's Inns.
He was appointed a judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland) in 1758 and served on the Court until his death almost thirty years later.
He married Elizabeth Martin, daughter of the Reverend Hartstonge Martin of Cashel, County Tipperary and Susan Wemyss in 1758, and had a son, also Christopher, who became a clergyman.
He had strong and sometimes controversial political opinions: in particular he was opposed to the cause of independence for the Parliament of Ireland, a central demand of Henry Grattan and his Irish Patriot Party.
On account of his political opinions he was savagely attacked by pamphleteers, notably Robert Johnson (1745–1833), himself a future judge, who eventually destroyed his career by anonymous attacks on his colleagues.
On the other hand, Ball argues that his charges to Dublin grand juries show him to have been both intelligent and humane.
He amassed a large collection of legal texts; after his death his son, Christopher having as a non-lawyer no need of them, put them up for sale.
The Benchers of the King's Inns agreed to buy most of the collection, and this formed the basis of the King's Inns Library.
Alphonce Omija (born 2002) is a Kenyan professional footballer who plays for Gor Mahia and the Kenya national team U20as a Defender.
Liga IV Constanța is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Constanța County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 18 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
The number of relegated team from the Liga IV – Constanța is variable and depends on the number of teams relegated from the Liga III.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
Richard Hood, (4 July 1769 - 20 November 1836) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the first decades of the 19th century.
Pan African Universities Debating Championship (PAUDC) is the biggest intercollegiate debate championship on the African continent established in 2008 by the University of Botswana Debate Masters Association.
The OSI African Regional Office and the Youth Initiative partnered with the Pan-African Universities Debating Championship (PAUDC) organizing committee and the University of Botswana to organize the first-ever Pan African Universities Debating Championship in 2008 to provide students from various African universities the opportunity to interrogate issues of African and Global importance.
The PAUDC structure is the British Parliamentary (BP), made up of four teams of two, with two teams supporting a motion, and two teams opposing.
Opening Government (OG), consisting of the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister; Opening Opposition (OO), consisting of the Opposition Leader and Deputy Opposition Leader; Closing Government (CG), consisting of the Government Member and Government Whip; and Closing Opposition (CO), consisting of the Opposition Member and the Opposition Whip.
The sculptural group of The Holy Trinity is a work by an anonymous sculptor called the Master of the Žebrák Lamentation of Christ dating from the period after 1512.
Christian Salm considers this work and others by the Master of the Žebrák Lamentation of Christ to be some of the finest Gothic sculptures of their time.
The sculpture of the Holy Trinity is on display in the permanent collection of the Aleš South Bohemian Gallery in Hluboká nad Vltavou.
The work was most probably part of the altarpiece of the Holy Trinity at the parish church of St Nicholas (first documented in 1381) or from the hospital church of the Holy Trinity (founded in 1515) in České Budějovice.
It could have been modelled on a wood-engraving by Albrecht Dürer (1511); the movement and expressive representation of Christ’s figure are worked independently and with an originality that does not have a direct model.
The composition of the figures refers more to older models such as the tondo of the Pietà with the Holy Trinity (1400) by Jean Malouel and the altar wing by Bernt Notke in Lübeck (1483).
He holds Christ by the chest with his left hand and his fingers reach almost as far as the wound in Christ’s side.
God the Father, with long hair and a long beard, has on his head a crown adorned with two strips of dentils.
He is dressed in a long cloak with remnants of red pigment and a robe that is hitched up at the waist.
His head doesn’t rest on his father’s shoulder but is turned away in order to place greater emphasis on the idea of humility.
The figure of God the Father has a monumental and static pyramidal form, while Christ is slender and his feet hardly touch the ground.
Christ’s father lifts him up and presents him as a contrast between the fragility of the divine incarnation and the inviolable deity.
The sculptor thus possibly points to the notion that, in the work of salvation, the chief initiative belongs to God the Father, and that redemption, achieved through the sacrifice of Christ, is exclusively the gift of God.
According to Homolka, who finds analogies with the seated figures of the altar in Altmünster, the sculptor was acquainted with Viennese sculpture (M. Tichter).
P. Kováč mentions clear analogies with Bavarian sculpture, in particular with the works of Hans Leinberger who was active during the same period.
It is possible to relate the dating of the sculpture to the founding of the hospital church of the Holy Trinity in 1515.
The founding of the church followed a waves of plague epidemics of which the first, in 1495, killed almost half the town’s inhabitants.
On 18 January 2020, a drone and missile attack on a military camp near Ma'rib killed at least 111 Yemeni soldiers.
The target was a mosque present on the grounds of a military training camp, targeted during evening prayers when dozens of people were inside praying.
The Cutters played their first Queensland Cup game local rivals, the Northern Pride, who were also playing their first game, losing 16–44.
Two more losses followed before the club recorded their first win, a 24–22 victory over the Redcliffe Dolphins at Dolphin Oval.
Their first home win came three weeks later when they defeated the Souths Logan Magpies 22–12 at the Mackay Junior Rugby League grounds.
The following players contracted to the North Queensland Cowboys played for the Cutters in 2008: Daniel Abraham, Daniel Backo, Travis Burns, Ben Farrar, Sione Faumuina, Sam Faust, John Frith, George Gatis, Keiron Lander, Anthony Perkins, Matthew Scott, Shane Tronc, Anthony Watts and Dayne Weston.
The Cutters recruited a number of players from the local Mackay & District Rugby League competition, they included: Aaron Barba, Sam Granville, David Nixon, Matt Parnis (Mackay Brothers), Dean Tass (Northern Suburbs Devils), Daniel Flynn, Scott Leigh, Royston Lightning, Jared Owens (Sarina Crocs), Anthony Caulton, Michael Comerford, Michael Pearce, Todd Seymour, Luke Srama, Kerrod Toby (Souths Sharks), James Bryant and Chris Giumelli (Wests Tigers).
José Carlos Romero Herrera (born 1941) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from December 1982 to March 1991.
It was commissioned by the Japanese authorities to director Toyojirō Takamatsu (1872–1952) in 1907, twelve years after Japan occupied Taiwan, as a propaganda movie showing the progress of Taiwan under Japanese rule.
After two months of shooting in more than a hundred locations in the island, the film was sent to Tokyo for final copy-editing.
On the one hand, the local Japanese authorities in Taiwan planned to show it to the budget subcommittee of the Imperial Diet in Tokyo to confirm that money was well spent in the island.
On the other hand, since the starting of the project, a main aim was to screen the film at the 1907 Tokyo Industrial Exhibition.
Due to unusual length of the film (220 minutes), the premiere was divided in two evenings, May 8 and 9, 1907.
In the same year 1907, Takamatsu toured Japan to show the film accompanied by five representatives of the Taiwanese indigenous peoples.
Together with the director, they were granted a personal audience by Emperor Meiji in his palace in Aoyama and, upon their return to Taiwan, by Governor-General Sakuma Samata.
The success of the film induced the Governor-General to support more propaganda films and newsreels which effectively started a cinema of Taiwan.
The film is lost, but it is known from reviews in local newspapers that it featured a long staged scene of Japanese military repressing a revolt by Taiwanese indigenous people.
The film was criticized for presenting a romantic, exotic, and colonial view of Taiwan, ignoring its more modern industrial products and social problems.
The panel painting of The Madonna between St Catherine and St Margaret dating from the period before 1360 most probably formed the central part of a lost altarpiece in the Cistercian Abbey of Zlatá Koruna.
The painting was in private possession in Český Krumlov until it was purchased in 1880 by the Town Museum in České Budějovice, from where it was transferred to the Aleš South Bohemian Gallery in Hluboká nad Vltavou.
The spruce-wood panel covered with canvas, measuring 102 x 98.5 cm, was at a later time clearly cut down to a smaller size, since the remaining fragment of another figure’s clothing can be seen in the left-hand margin.
The crowned Virgin Mary sits on a throne with a canopy, and on her right knee she holds the half-naked body of the Baby Jesus who turns his face to the faithful.
This type of enthroned Madonna, representing the Throne of Wisdom, originates in Byzantium and was also common in Italian Gothic painting.
St Catherine standing on the left with her wheel and St Margaret on the right with the dragon, a symbol of hellish forces, both hold in their hands a palm frond as the sign of martyrdom.
They differ from the precise execution of the Loving Madonnas by the circle of the Master of the Vyšší Brod Altarpiece and, with their proportions and the long stems of their trefoils, they are similar, for example, to the crowns in the Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim (1371).
Characteristic of this transitional period of style are certain traditional elements such as the halos, the overall composition of the Madonna and Child, and the complex, subtle and Italianate composition of the throne.
In contrast to this, the features of the Virgin Mary’s face and the childish charm and playfulness of the Baby Jesus represent a shift in this theme towards a more natural character.
In addition, the modelling of the bodies and the radiant colours link the work to book and panel painting of the 1360s and 1370s.
It inclines beyond the linear style, aiming towards greater abstraction and a softening of form; towards a spiritualisation, a new conception of the function of light; and towards a richly-toned colour scheme that anticipated the style of the 1360s and the work of the Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece.
It differs in the underpainting of the flesh tones from the Vyšší Brod (Hohenfurth) cycle and thus represents a new kind of painting technique.
Moore first refereed on the World Snooker Tour in 2005, and has taken charge of two World Snooker Championship finals, in 2014 and in 2018.
He was also the referee in the 2010 and 2013 UK Championship finals, as well as the 2012 and 2020 Masters finals.
In January 2020, she scored her first World Cup points and achieved her first podium in the Parallel Giant Slalom in Sestriere, Italy.
She represented Russia at the Summer Paralympics in 2004, 2008 and 2012 and she won one silver medal and two bronze medals at the Summer Paralympics.
The war was in the interest of the Turanians, and on the last night of the war, Qaren came near Nuwzer and wanted to go to Pars and save the royal family from captivity.
Nowzar did not allow, saying: Sardari is not like you to lead the war tomorrow, but the nighting Qaren went to Pars with his army.
On his return from Pars Qaren, he encountered Viseh and a fierce battle with the forces of Viseh led the Turkan to flee.
Virgilio Zapatero Gómez (born 26 June 1946) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Relations with the Cortes and Government Secretariat from July 1986 to July 1993.
After being director at Rough Trade Records and Zomba Records for Germany, Austria and Switzerland for more than 20 years, he founded Zebralution, the first digital distributor for independent labels in Europe that is today one of the world's largest digital distributors of music as well as audiobooks, together with music journalist and lawyer Sascha Lazimbat.
Thielen started his career in 1979 in a record store and worked from 1982 till 1983 at the Bochum club venue Zeche.
When the British mother firm went bankrupt in 1991, the German Rough Trade Distribution GmbH saved itself, with Thielen becoming a ten per cent partner.
However, the majority of RTD went to the British distributor Pinnacle, which in turn was bought up by Zomba in 1996.
Thielen then became a consultant for Vodaphone before he founded Zebralution, the first European digital distributor for independent labels with a global focus in 2004 together with Sascha Lazimbat.
In April 2017, Thielen bought the company back from Warner together with Lazimbat and two other music managers, Christoph Ellinghaus from City Slang, and Konrad von Löhneysen from Embassy of Music.
The German collecting society for music represents the copyrights of around 74,000 members (composers, lyricists, music publishers) and over two million rights holders worldwide.
Thielen became a partner in the label Stereo Deluxe in 2005 and has been the manager of songwriter Michael Kersting and the artist Cosmo Klein.
In addition, Thielen founded the audio book publisher Finch & Zebra together with Sabine Buß in 2016 and entered the podcast business with zebra-audio.net.
From 1998 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2007, Thielen was a board member of the German International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).
In October 2018, Thielen was recognized by the IG Hörbuch of the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels as the ″Audiobook Person of the Year 2018″.
African Jesuit AIDS Network (AJAN) is a network of organizations that fight against HIV/AIDS created on June 21, 2002, by Jesuits from Africa and Madagascar.
It is one of the entities in the Catholic Church that handles about 25% of AIDS patients worldwide and can reach 100% of Africa in remote areas, according to the Vatican studies.
These entities can be groups of people infected with the virus and affected by the virus, who fight against stigmatization and discrimination, who promote responsibility and prevention, and who are sensitive to the culture, faith, and spirituality of the people.
At the end of the 2010s, Paterne Mombe, an AIDS expert in Africa trained in Biology at Burkina Faso, headed the entity, who decided to take up the fight against AIDS after helping AIDS patients from Uganda.
It is published by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation that collects music data for the weekly ARIA Charts.
Captain Emma Mutebi is a Ugandan airline pilot, who serves as a captain at Uganda Airlines, Uganda's national carrier airline, on the CRJ 900 aircraft, effective April 2019.
In October 2019, Emma Mutebi was selected by Uganda Airlines, to be one of the four Ugandan pilots, who flew the third and fourth CRJ900s (5X–KDP and 5X–KNP), from Montreal, Canada on their delivery journey to Entebbe, Uganda, between 5 October 2019 and 7 October 2019.
By 1913 the school was listed as being at West 18th and South Ringo streets; that building was still standing in 1939.
The Legislative Council consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.
Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.
The Larnaca–Famagusta constituency only had three candidates for the three non-Muslim seats; Sotiris Amfietzis (Mayor of Famagusta and losing candidate in 1883), Ioannis Karemfylakis (a lawyer) and Nikolaos Rossos (another lawyer).
In Nicosia–Kyrenia, there were five non-Muslim candidates; incumbent MLCs Efstathios Constantinides and Paschalis Constantinides, Achillea Liasides (a lawyer who worked with Paschalis Constantinides), Kyrillos Papadopoulos (a priest) and Nikolaos Rossos (who had also run in Larnaca–Famagusta).
Rossos attempted to withdraw his candidacy after being elected in Larnaca–Famagusta, but it was too late for him to be removed from the ballot.
Following the elections, defeated Nicosia–Kyrenia candidate Liasides protested that Kyrillos Papadopoulos (who had been elected in third place) was not registered to vote in the constituency, and his election should be annulled.
In the by-election for the vacant seat on 3 January 1887, Dimitrios Nikolaidis (an MLC between 1883 and 1886) defeated the trader Michail Michailidis by 284 to 195 votes.
Richardos Matei, an unsuccessful candidate in the 1883 elections, was the only nominee, and was returned unopposed on 5 September 1887.
Pericles Vontitsianos was elected unopposed to replace Matei on 15 February, whilst Aristotle Paleologos was returned unopposed as Malikides' replacement on 25 February.
A by-election was eventually held for the vacant seat in Larnaca–Famagusta on 16 October 1890, with Richardos Matei defeating Loukas Paisiou by 183 votes to 144.
Its origins are older but the present building was built for the 10th Viscount Falkland and his wife by the architect Anthony Salvin.
In the same year, Falkland married Lady Amelia FitzClarence, an illegitimate daughter of William IV and his long-time mistress Dorothea Jordan.
On the King's death in 1837, Amelia, with her brothers and sisters, was among the main beneficiaries of her father's will.
It was used subsequently as a family home, a billet during World War II, and the headquarters of a chemicals company.
Since the early 20th century it has reverted to use as a home and an events venue, and has seen a further change of name to Rudby Hall.
Various subsidiary structures on the estate have their own Grade II listings; the pump house, the gate lodge, and walls, gate piers and a balustrade in the gardens.
While in Paris during the German occupation, she was active in Jewish Communist organizations and wrote about art in local journals.
Born in Włocławek on 4 November 1899, Chana Kowalska was the daughter of Judah Leib Kowalski (1862–1925), a Zionist rabbi and politician.
Her artwork is appreciated as representative of a female artist living in Paris as a Jewish communist during the German occupation.
After being arrested by the Gestapo for her involvement in communist activities, Kowalaska was first interned at the Caserne des Tourelles transit camp.
Javier Moscoso del Prado y Muñoz (born 7 October 1934) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of the Presidency from December 1982 to July 1986 and as Attorney General of the State from September 1986 to January 1990.
Deniz Gölü or Lake Big Peshevit (English: Lake Sea), is a glacial lake in Çamlıhemşin district of Rize Province and İspir district of Erzurum Province in Turkey.
Surface of the lake is covered with ice for 10 months and it starts to melt between 17th and 25th of July..
Ernest Dawson (1 December 1882, San Antonio, Texas – 15 November 1947, Los Angeles) was an American antiquarian bookseller, small press publisher, mountain climber, and Sierra Club president.
He was a Sierra Club director from 1922 to 1925 and from 1926 to 1937 (and also president from 1935 to 1937).
It is a rare surviving early Gothic sculpture that is directly related to French or Rhineland cathedral sculpture of the 13th century.
The compositional type of the Madonna with an open cloak is derived from French cathedral sculpture (the cathedral portal in Rheims, 1230-1233), from where it spread through the Rhineland and Germany to central Europe.
This connection with cathedral sculpture is the basis for the Strakonice Madonna’s clearly arranged and perfectly balanced composition, for the purity and sophistication of its forms as well as for the refinement and cultivated character of its physical gestures.
With the compactness of its mass, simplicity and abstract plasticity, the Strakonice Madonna anticipates a new conception of sculpture in the 14th century.
Mary’s head reacts only imperceptibly to the movement of her body and her face wears the expression of an immobile mask.
The austere nature of the sculpture is lightened by the gesture of the child and his tunic that is looser and pleated with greater movement.
The loving gesture of the Infant Jesus, who touches his mother’s chin with a finger of his right hand, is interpreted as a reference to medieval mysticism in the ‘Song of Songs’.
An interesting example of the use of Marian veneration can be seen in the uncovered left leg of the Infant Jesus that might have been fixed to a movable pivot.
According to Homolka, this sculpture has much in common with the decoration of the vestibule of Freiburg Minster as well as with the west façade of Strasbourg Cathedral.
The Strakonice Madonna dates from the period of post-classical Gothic, which was oriented towards linear stylisation and vertically composed, block-based form.
In Germany, this line is represented by the Naumburg Master (second quarter of the 13th century) and by the Erminold Master (1380s).
The Madonna of St Goëry in Épinal or the building workshop in Bamberg could have been the starting point for Rhineland sculpture.
The sculpture might have been commissioned by Bavor III (died 1318), owner of the Strakonice manor, supporter of Elizabeth of Bohemia and burgrave at the construction of the royal Zvíkov Castle, from where he summoned builders and stonemasons to the construction of Strakonice Castle.
The 56th Grand Bell Awards (), also known as Daejong Film Awards, is determined and presented annually by The Motion Pictures Association of Korea for excellence in film in South Korea.
The Grand Bell Awards were first presented in 1962 and have gained prestige as the Korean equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
The establishment of the CBD led to the extinction of the two state entities on June 21, 1916, and in the same year there was affiliation to the South American Football Confederation.
It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and, after the East Riding General Hospital closed in 1990, the Alfred Bean Hospital became the main hospital in the area.
Julián Campo Sainz de Rozas (born 19 June 1938) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Public Works and Urbanism from December 1982 to July 1985.
Tomás de la Quadra-Salcedo Fernández del Castillo (born 2 January 1946) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Territorial Administration from December 1982 to July 1985 and as Minister of Justice from March 1991 to July 1993.
The team won the 2013 Ontario Junior Championships and earned the right to represent the province at the 2013 Canadian Junior Curling Championships.
The two teams played in each other in a tiebreaker for a playoff spot, with Camm and Team Ontario losing 11-8.
In the middle of his junior career, Camm joined the Bryan Cochrane rink playing third, and played in his first provincial championships, the 2014 Travelers Tankard.
After the team posted a 6-4 round robin record, they beat Jake Walker in the 3 vs. 4 game, before losing in the semifinal to Mark Bice.
He played second for Pat Ferris for the 2016-17 season, third for Mike McLean in the 2017-18 season and second Martin Ferland in 2018-19, before skipping his own team in 2019.
Hispanomeryx is an extinct genus of artiodactyl from the middle to late Miocene epoch, living from 13 to 8 million years ago.
Over the years, they have been variously classified as being related to bovids or giraffes, or even belonging to their own unique family, but they are now widely regarded as moschids, relatives of the living musk deer.
Most fossils are known from Spain, but others are known from Turkey to China, most of which are too fragmentary to be assigned to a particular species.
The North American Primary Care Research Group (NAPCRG) is an organization of researchers in family medicine, primary care, and related fields, including epidemiology, the behavioral sciences, and health services research.
NAPCRG maintains programs that are focused on building research capacity in primary care , generating grants, supporting patient-centered outcomes in research, and involving trainees in primary care research.
Between Shanghai and St. Pauli (German: Zwischen Schanghai und St. Pauli, Italian: I rinnegati di Capitan Kidd) is a 1962 West German-Italian crime adventure film directed by Roberto Bianchi Montero and Wolfgang Schleif and starring Karin Baal, Joachim Hansen and Horst Frank.
This species is present in Central and Souther Europe (Andorra, Austria, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Slovakia, Spain and Switzerland) and in Eastern Palaearctic ecozone (southern Siberia: NE Kazakhstan, southern Altai, Mounts Ulbinski).
The antennae show a sexual dimorphism in their structure, as in males they are deeply serrated, while they are shallowly serrated in females.
It is made up of nine panel paintings depicting scenes from the Christological cycle: The Childhood of Christ, The Suffering of Christ and The Resurrection.
These paintings were made between 1345 and 1350 in the workshop of the Master of Vyšší Brod that was most probably based in Prague.
The pictures were either meant for a square altar retable or else they decorated the choir partition of the church of the Cistercian Abbey in Vyšší Brod.
This series of paintings is a rare example of a complete Gothic altar retable (although there is not complete agreement on the fact that it was a retable, in other words a structure standing on the altar – there have also been theories that it could have been hung on the choir pews or letner).
Having been returned to its former owner, the Cistercian Abbey in Vyšší Brod, it is being exhibited as a long-term loan in the permanent exhibition of the Collection of Medieval Art of the National Gallery in Prague.
Each of them is composed of three sycamore boards 2 cm thick that are joined with pegs and covered with linen canvas.
Especially in layering up the flesh tones, the Master of the Vyšší Brod Altarpiece used a complex system of layers and underpainting that was based in the Byzantine painting tradition and does not, therefore, have any parallels in Central European painting of that time.
The series features trios of connected scenes from the Christological cycle that are arranged so that the central one is that of the Crucifixion.
A series of motifs that the Master of the Vyšší Brod Altarpiece used for the first time in Bohemian painting conceals symbols relating to the Gospels, as well as to the Apocrypha and medieval theological texts (The Song of Songs and texts by St Bernard of Clairvaux).
The bottom row of paintings represents scenes from the childhood of Christ and relates to Advent (specifically the Annunciation of the spring festival on 25 March) and Christmas festivals.
The scene is accompanied by the customary symbols – a lily and Mary holding a veil (virginity), an open book (conception) and peacocks (immortality and eternity).
A series of other symbols provides various interpretations (God sending dew from heaven or manna in the desert; a coffer of money).
Mary on her throne thus represents the Virgin of the Temple of God protecting the Ark of the Covenant or else the Queen of Heaven, the throne also being her bed chamber.
A less evident symbol is the motif of a tree with a small double trunk in the left-hand part which refers to the trees of life and knowledge in paradise as well as to the double incarnation of Christ as God and man.
A notable secular feature of scene is that of the rich garment worn by the angel who comes across more like a courtier bringing the ruler’s insignia (an imperial orb).
The motif of the lily on a blue background that appears on the angel’s cloak originate in France and refers to the heraldry of the French rulers of the House of Valois.
Mary is portrayed not as a simple maiden but as a monarch on the throne with a crown on her head.
The scene as a whole could be connected with the coronation of Charles IV and Blanche of Valois as King and Queen of Bohemia at Prague Castle on 2 September 1347.
In the foreground, Joseph is preparing a bath with the midwife (called Salome in the Apocrypha) and in the background the archangel Gabriel is announcing the good tidings to the shepherds (the Annunciation to the Shepherds scene).
The active involvement of Joseph as a foster father in the events of the scene, specifically in the active care for the new-born baby, is relatively unusual in the first half of the 14th century although it does appear as early as the 13th century.
However it appears more often from the turn of the 14th century (for example with Joseph cooking porridge, preparing a bath, sewing and drying nappies, preparing food for Mary and feeding the donkey and ox).
It is not based in any literary sources and, in all likelihood, originated in the secular context of burgher society; we can also trace how it was received and reflected on in period ‘carols’ that, however, represent the foster father of Our Lord as a rather grotesque figure.
In all the scenes there is a multitude of small motifs that have their origin in Byzantine art mediated, or rather interpreted, by Italian masters.
Mary is reclining on a bed and kisses the infant on his lips in a manner that is connected with her mystic role as Christ’s bride in the Song of Songs in which Mary is the personification of the Christian Church.
The child’s nudity refers to his humanity and relates to efforts to humanise a religious theme that was propagated by the Franciscan Order.
In the bottom right-hand corner there kneels a donor whom the crest with its five-petalled rose identifies as member of the House of Rosenberg.
In his hand he is holding the model of a church – in all likelihood it is the abbey church at Vyšší Brod.
This scene repeats the analogous composition of the throne as it appears in the painting of the Annunciation and the customary model that was maintained during the 14th century, one in which kings or wise men represented three ages of man and the second king, of a virile age, sometimes takes the form of the ruling monarch.
It was only from the 1360s (or, more likely, from the early 15th century, because the black king in the Emmaus monastery painting was evidently a piece of Baroque overpainting) that the kings were more frequently portrayed as representatives of the three continents known at that time.
The motif of an old man kissing the hand of a small child, one that was rare outside France until then, is the expression of a spiritual bond with Christ and originates in the work Meditationes Vitae Christi that appeared in Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
The Virgin Mary, obscuring one of the supporting pillars of the canopy, is symbolically presented as a pillar of the Christian Church.
The main element of the composition is formed by the diagonal of the mount’s slope with jagged rock faces and blossoming spring vegetation.
The picture represents a traditional iconographic arrangement with the praying Christ and three sleeping apostles: St Peter, St John and St James.
The goldfinch is often associated with the martyrdom of Christ, because it feeds on the seeds of thistles and metaphorically represents Christ’s crown of thorns.
In medieval legend, the bullfinch is associated with the Crucifixion and its red breast with drops of Christ’s blood refers to the moment the bullfinch pulled out a nail from the cross with its beak.
Several motifs, such as the fainting Mary, Mary Magdalene embracing the cross and flying angels with incense burners, originate in the Italian context.
The figures beneath the cross include St Longinus with a spear, Joseph of Arimathea, possibly also Nicodemus and the ‘good’ centurion leaning on his shield decorated with a human face (the ‘gorgoneion’).
It originally had an apotropaic function and could symbolically represent the opposites of Christ and the devil, the sun and the moon; and Christianity and paganism.
The symbolism could be directly influenced by the courtly environment of Charles IV, who kept part of Mary’s bloodied robe and the tip of St Longinus’s spear as holy relics.
Until the 14th century, the Lamentation was part of the scene of the Entombment and only appears separately in the Meditationes Vitae Christi and in Giotto’s fresco in the Scrovegni Chapel.
In the picture that, with the locating of the cross in the centre of the composition, refers back to the preceding Crucifixion, the strikingly independent Mary with Christ in her lap is an innovation made by the Master of the Vyšší Brod.
Mary is just about to kiss Jesus and here, as Our Lady of Sorrows, is once again a mother cradling her child in her lap.
The other figures originate in older, tradition depictions: St John, St Mary Magdalene, the two Marys – relatives of the Virgin Mary (half-sisters of the Virgin Mary, Mary Cleophas and Mary Salome), Nicodemus and a pair of angels holding incense burners.
This picture combines two events – the Resurrection of Jesus and the Three Marys by the tomb – which follow on from each other and whose joint presentation was rare in earlier painting.
The main scene was originally the Visitation – a depiction of three Marys by the empty tomb, where an angel appeared and told them of Christ’s resurrection (the Gospels of St Mark and St Matthew).
The resurrection of Christ is the most important Christian holiday, despite the fact that the Gospels don’t mention the scene itself.
It was only from the 12th and 13th centuries onwards that Christ was portrayed emerging from the sarcophagus and, later, standing on the sealed sarcophagus along with surprised soldiers who are guarding it.
The Resurrection is conceived as the triumph over death and its symbol is the banner of Christ, whose pole recalls the wood of the cross while the banner bearing the image of a lamb recalls Christ’s sacrifice.
The final two pictures relate to stories of the Ascension of Christ and the sending down of the Holy Spirit, which Christians celebrate as Pentecost.
The Ascension of the Lord is one of the central dogmas of Christianity (The Deeds of the Apostles) and is celebrated ten days before Pentecost.
It followed forty days after his Resurrection, when he appeared to Mary Magdalene and finally also to the apostles before God took him up to heaven.
Here, the painter deals with them in a conventional way and only depicts Christ’s lower legs as he ascends into the clouds.
At the centre of the depicted scene, which in Byzantine painting usually featured St Peter and St Paul, there sits the Virgin Mary with an open book.
The twelve apostles, upon whom the Holy Spirit descended in the form of tongues as of fire, were endowed with the gift of mastering the languages of all nations so they could spread the gospel.
The motif of the apostle who is placing his finger to his mouth as a symbol of silence was adopted from Italian art, in which it represents an allegory of obedience or patience.
The entire series is chiefly the work of the Master of the Vyšší Brod Altarpiece, who has a distinctive painting style.
His figures are substantial; they stand firmly on the ground and their movement and poses are depicted in a believable way.
Apart from the master in charge, it is probable that three other painters worked on the series as a whole – the first two were a young and able collaborator and a capable but stylistically inconsistent collaborator who painted the panel depicting the Sending Down of the Holy Spirit.
In terms of painting technique, the weakest work of the series is the Ascension which, however, also displays several highly developed features such as a greater individualisation of the faces.
The pictures of the Vyšší Brod Master are a synthesis of the Italianate style, whose strikingly Byzantine features reached Bohemia from the region of Venice in particular, and of the Western European Gothic drawing-based style that originated in France.
Earlier works that could have inspired its painters include book illustrations (Jean Pucelle, Bolognese illuminators active in St Florian), murals (the choir of the cathedral in Cologne), panel painting (Meister der Rückseite des Verduner Altars) and sculpture (the Master of the Michle Madonna).
Several works created by other artists (Antependium of Königsfelden, Kaufmann Crucifixion) have motifs that are so similar that it can be speculated that they used the same models.
The iconographic conception that, in groups of works, depicts the most important moments in the life of Christ, is based in cycles by the leading painters of the Italian Trecento – Giotto and Duccio.
Italian influences manifest themselves especially in the painting technique, the retreat of the drawing-based approach and a greater plasticity of the figures, decorative patterns, the typology of the heads and the more highly developed depiction of the landscape and architecture.
The affinity between the painting of the Vyšší Brod Master and the artistic and spiritual climate of Venice, represented by his contemporary Paolo Veneziano, is especially striking.
Several motifs of the Vyšší Brod series were subsequently adopted by Bohemian book painting, in particular Velislai biblia picta (before 1349) and the Legend of St Hedwig, Liber viaticus by John of Neumarkt (1350-1364) and the Missal of John of Neumarkt.
In panel painting, it was followed on from by the painter of Morgan panels and, in a broader circle, the altar at Tirol Castle, the Westphalian Master Bertram (Grabow Altarpiece), the painter who created the Toruń Altarpiece and the altarpiece of Erfurt by Meister des Erfurter Einhornaltars.
The motif of Mary’s bloodied robe is connected almost exclusively with the Bohemian context and appears in the work of the Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece, the Master of the Rajhrad Altarpiece and persisted until the mid-15th century.
Its donor was in all likelihood Petr I of Rosenberg, the Supreme Royal Chamberlain, Supreme Judge and executor of John of Luxemburg’s will.
The donor’s personal reason could have been to intercede for the salvation of the soul of his son, who died alongside John of Luxemburg at the Battle of Crécy.
In 1938, before the outbreak of the Second World War, the altarpiece was transferred to the Picture Gallery (the Collection of Old Art of what would later become the National Gallery in Prague).
During the war, however, it was stolen by the Nazis and stored in the Vyšší Brod Abbey along with other works.
At the end of the war, the altarpiece was discovered by the American army in a salt mine in Bad-Aussee, Austria, along with other artworks.
In 2014 it was returned as part of restitution to the Cistercian Abbey in Vyšší Brod and is now on long-term loan to the Prague National Gallery.
Joan Majó i Cruzate (born 19 June 1938) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Industry and Energy from July 1985 to July 1986.
Launched on October 6 2000 as TV B92, the network has since September 2015 to December 2018 been owned by the Greek media company Antenna Group.
Julián García Valverde (born 1946) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs from March 1991 to January 1992.
The Illinois Nature Preserves Commission (INPC) is a state organization, established by the Illinois Natural Areas Preservation Act, to identify, protect, steward, and defend high quality natural areas in the state of Illinois.
to assist private and public landowners in protecting high quality natural areas and habitats of endangered and threatened species; in perpetuity, through voluntary dedication or registration of such lands into the Illinois Nature Preserves System.
The series premiered first in the United States on 30 September 2019 on Univision, and its first season ended on 22 November 2019 with a total of 38 episodes.
While the second season premiered on 25 November 2019 only in the United States, and is scheduled to conclude on 20 January 2020.
Giovanni Grant (born 28 December 2002) is a Virgin Islander footballer who plays as a defender for the British Virgin Islands national football team.
Grant made his senior international debut on 14 November 2019, coming on as a half-time substitute for Miguel Marshall in a 3-0 defeat to the Bahamas during CONCACAF Nations League play.
Jim Hagemann Snabe (*October 27, 1965 in Egedal) is a Danish businessman and is currently the Chairman at Siemens AG and AP Møller – Mærsk A/S.
Together with Bill McDermott, Snabe was Co-CEO of the German Technology company SAP SE, before becoming member of the board of directors at SAP.
At the age of two, Snabe and his parents moved to the Greenland capital of Nuuk for seven years, where his father worked as a helicopter pilot.
After three years as managing director of the Swedish SAP subsidiary, Snabe was appointed managing director of the SAP Nordic region.
After the departure of Léo Apotheker, Snabe and his colleague McDermott took on the position as Co-CEO for SAP AG on February 8, 2010.
On July 21, 2013, it was announced that he would leave the position of Co-CEO in 2014 to be part of the SAP Supervisory Board.
On February 1, 2017, it was announced that he would be proposed as the new chairman of the Siemens supervisory board.
Due to his experience from positions in large international organizations, Snabe is a sought-after speaker and Adjunct Professor at Copenhagen Business School in the fields of leadership, responsible business and change management.
Drawing from their leadership experience, Snabe and Trolle set out to offer a new leadership model, which unites inspiration, ambition, innovation and employee empowerment to succeed in the modern world.
In November 2018, Snabe and Trolle founded the Dreams and Details Academy, aiming to change leadership through consulting and educational services.
The Sentinel is an upcoming novel, the 25th in the Jack Reacher series and scheduled to be published in October 2020.
It will be the first Jack Reacher book to be co-authored by James Grant and his younger brother Andrew Grant but published using their respective pen names of Lee Child and Andrew Child.
Come As You Are is a 2019 American comedy-drama film directed by Richard Wong and starring Grant Rosenmeyer, Hayden Szeto, Ravi Patel and Gabourey Sidibe.
Muhammet Özkal (born 26 November 1999) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Süper Lig club Denizlispor.
He made his Süper Lig debut in a 2-1 defeat over Galatasaray on 19 January 2020 and scored a goal in this game.
On January 16, 2020, Tina Fey announced at a Peacock investor presentation event that she was executive producing an original series for the upcoming streaming service, Peacock.
The top six finishers by overall winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed playing the lowest seed in the first round.
Having taken all the chemistry courses available at the University of Nebraska (1899-1900) while teaching high school (1899-1901), he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1901, receiving the B.S.
Washburn was chairman of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the National Research Council in 1922-1923, chairman of the International Commission on Physico-Chemical Standards, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
The story revolves around Koshy Kurien, an ex-Army veteran and Ayyappan Nair, a SI of the Kerala Police posted in Attapadi.
The film is the director's second film as a director after Anarkali which also had Prithviraj Sukumaran and Biju Menon acting in main roles.
She is the CEO and former deputy director general of the Benghazi Medical Centre, one of only two tertiary care hospitals in Libya.
She is the founder and chair of the National Protection Against Violence Committee, a part of the National Transitional Council's Health Ministry.
Bugaighis is also a member of the Scientific Committee for Reproductive Health of Libya, and co-founder of the political NGO Al Tawafuk Al Watani Democratic Organization.
She has called for greater legal protection of victims of domestic violence, access to abortion in cases of rape, and reform of the country's family law.
It was the traditional or predominant way of reading the Bible for at least the first fifteen hundred years of Christian history.
Rose L. Solecki (born November 18, 1925) was an American archaeologist, who worked with her husband Ralph Solecki on excavations in Iraq, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Sudan.
She earned a bachelor's degree in anthropology from Hunter College in 1945, and her master's and doctoral degrees from Columbia University.
While she was a graduate student at Columbia, she participated in archaeological excavations in Arizona under the supervision of Emil W. Haury, and in Peru under the supervision of William Duncan Strong.
Until Ralph Solecki's retirement in 1990, she was a research associate affiliated with Columbia University; from 1990 to 2000, Rose Solecki was Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at Texas A&M University.
The Soleckis' papers, and a 2018 oral history with both of them, are archived in the National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
The Litoměřice Altarpiece (1505-1507) was a large altar retable, in all likelihood with two pairs of movable wings and two pairs of fixed ones.
The altar wing depicting Christ on the Mount of Olives belongs to the Diocese of Litoměřice, while the other panels are owned by the Regional Museum in Litoměřice.
It is the largest surviving set of panel paintings by an anonymous late Gothic and early Renaissance painter called the Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece.
The first proposal as to how the altarpiece might have been arranged, one that didn’t include the panel depicting Christ on the Mount of Olives, was made by Vincenc (Vinzenz) Luksch, the then director of the Diocese Museum, in 1900.
He placed the Crucifixion in the middle of the altar; on both sides he placed two single-sided panels as fixed wings, the Flagellation of Christ on the left and the Crowning with Thorns on the right.
When the altarpiece was opened, it would show the Passion of Christ and, when closed, it would show scenes from the life of Mary: the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and the Birth of Christ.
The overall width of the open altarpiece would be about 5.5 metres which is why Luksch considered that the panels might not have created an altarpiece but could, alternatively, have been individual Stations of the Cross.
The art historian Jaroslav Pešina attempted a different reconstruction of the altarpiece on the basis of a comparison with the altar retable from the castle chapel at Křivoklát.
Pešina assumed that a receptacle with sculptural decoration formed the centre of the altarpiece that was most probably consecrated to the Virgin Mary.
Placed in pairs above each other on both sides, the movable wings depicted not just the surviving scenes of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and the Birth of Christ (right-hand side), but hypothetically also scenes showing the Annunciation to the Virgin Mary and the Sacrifice of Christ (left-hand side).
The closed altarpiece showed eight scenes from the Passion of Christ in two rows, one above the other; of these, the surviving panels (from the left) are: Christ on the Mount of Olives and the Crowning of Christ with Thorns, Christ before Annas and Christ Carrying the Cross, the Flagellation of Christ and the Crucifixion.
Ladislav Kesner assumed that the altarpiece had a predella with the theme of Christ in the Winepress or else the Lamentation of Christ.
In the centre he assumed there to be a scene showing the Last Supper and, on the missing left-hand movable wings, the Annunciation and Flight to Egypt on the inner side and Ecce Homo instead of Christ before Pilate on the outer side.
The altarpiece panels painted on one side that make up the fixed wings have dimensions of 177 x 121 cm (172 x 130 cm respectively).
The altarpiece as a whole, including the lost middle part, the predella and the altarpiece attachment, could have thus measured (including the frames) about 6 metres in height and about 5 metres in width.
The most recent restoration, which repaired defects such as inappropriate restoration made in 1931 and 1945-46, took place between the 1950s and 1970s.
Older art-historical publications detected in the panels of the Litoměřice Altarpiece the influence of Saxon painting and a relationship to the painting of Hanus Elfeldar, Bartholomäus Zeitblom, Hans Holbein the Elder and Bernhard Strigel.
The painting style of the Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece is based in the early Gothic, however it also employs certain elements of the early Renaissance.
Its compositions are loosely modelled on the prints of the Master E.S., Israhel van Meckenem, Albrecht Dürer, Hans Schäufelein and Martin Schongauer which it creatively remodels.
In order to create a deeper sense of space, it uses simple, diagonally constructed architectural backdrops with alternately illuminated and shaded areas depicted in empirical perspective.
The contrast of the austere architecture with naturalist details points to the lesson of Italian Renaissance painting, either directly (Bellini) or indirectly (Michael Pacher).
On the basis of differences in execution of how the figures are painted, and, assuming that the landscapes were painted by a specialist, Vladěna Haragová concludes that the altarpiece was created in a painting workshop where, as well as the Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece, there worked at least two other painters.
Pešina also states that several figures of the Passion series are characterised by a more common form of execution as well as by defects in the drawing, which points to the involvement of journeymen painters.
The balanced composition of the individual paintings is reduced to several key protagonists and the accompanying action is presented on a diminished scale in the background.
They don’t demonstrate their feelings in too ostentatious a way and reinforce the action with economical gestures of their arms and hands.
The faces of the figures have sharp-chiselled features with pronounced cheekbones, high foreheads, full lips, expressive noses and eyes with swollen eyelids.
Both the bared body of Christ and the figures portrayed in close-fitting clothes show how well the painter was acquainted with human anatomy and how he understood the function of the muscles and joints.
The colour scale of the paintings is characterised by a wealth of shades, contrasts of cool and warm tones and a colourist inventiveness.
The clothes of the figures in the foreground use the contrast of rich colour tones ranging from vermillion red, sulphur yellow and an entire spectrum of greens to black and purple.
Its direction is represented by the lit areas of the architecture, the shading of draperies and faces, as well as by the striking triangular shadows on the floor.
The drapery of several of the figures still retains late Gothic decorative articulation with its deep or doubly-bent folds without direct connection to the volume of the body.
Another Gothic element can be seen in the full halos, the gilded background and a certain disproportion in the depiction of part of the body.
The deepening of the pictorial space with landscape sceneries is a significant innovation that the painter most probably brought back with him from a study trip to the Danube region, where he would have been able to acquaint himself with the works of Jörg Breu and Rueland Frueauf the Elder and Younger.
[14] The painter’s attention to detail, such as wrinkles, sprouting whiskers, knots in wood and coils of rope, are characteristic of the early Renaissance style of painting.
The praying Christ before the cliff with a Eucharist chalice and an angel create the uppermost tip of a triangular composition in whose foreground there lie and sit sleeping apostles.
Despite the fact that the entire altarpiece is a stylistically unified whole, the composition of this picture, its unifying of space and the masterly execution of the heads and hands, stands out with its quality from the other panels.
The light coming from the right-hand side is represented by the small triangular shadows of their legs that, along with fragments of the cane, articulate the area of the floor.
The fourth person in the spot where the painting is heavily damaged has his back turned to us and is giving Christ a bulrush as a sceptre.
On the left-hand side, Mary Magdalene in white turban and another woman in a green maphorion are looking up at the cross.
In the foreground of the composition, St John is supporting the Virgin Mary, who has fainted and whose arms hang limply.
On the right-hand side stands Joseph of Arimathea in a rich fur-lined robe; St Longinus, whose spear is being held by Joseph; and a Roman centurion.
The decorative rendering of Christ’s robe with its billowing tips appears in late Gothic, for example in the work of Martin Schongauer and Lucas Cranach the Elder (1503).
In contrast to earlier interpretations stating that the picture portrayed Christ before Caiaphas, according to Jan Royt it is in fact the theme of Christ before Annas (according to St John’s Gospel), because Caiaphas is usually shown in a robe torn at the chest or with a mitre (Giotto, Dürer).
A group of armed men with torches has brought Christ, his hands tied, and turn to the enthroned high priest with gestures of their arms and hands.
The panel is damaged, having been cut down to a smaller size; it is consequently missing most of the figure holding the rope.
Christ looks back at a man holding a lamp with a burning candle – this man with a lamp is modelled on an engraving by Martin Schongauer.
A view through to the street beyond shows a group of armed men in front of whom an old man, probably St Peter, is crossing.
In the scene of the Visitation, the colour contrast of the richly folded drapery of both figures and the white head-veil of St Elizabeth provide the dominant artistic element.
Beyond a low wall, a landscape enlivened with cliffs covered with trees and vegetation unfolds into distant space; beyond, we can see a church and a half-built tower under scaffolding.
The slender and subtly modelled fingers of the Virgin Mary cast a shadow corresponding to light coming from the right-hand side.
In the foreground, a soldier with a spear is lifting up the flagging Christ while another man is about to hit Christ with a cudgel.
Christ is accompanied by a praying Virgin Mary and a weeping St John the Evangelist who has a resigned expression on his face.
Its composition has much in common with a later painting by an unknown master of the Danube School (c. 1520) that is in the collection of the Slovak National Gallery.
The Adoration of Christ takes place against the background of simple architecture beyond which there unfolds a landscape with a church, cliffs and a lake.
The naked Baby Jesus lies on a white swaddling cloth and, behind him, two kneeling angels hold a blank inscription band.
Portrayed in profile, his head is disproportionately small compared with Mary as well as with the size of his own body.
The lovely face of the Virgin Mary, similar to loving Madonnas, is different to the portrayal of Mary in other panels of the altarpiece.
The depiction of Baby Jesus on the bare ground is a motif stemming from the Franciscan mysticism and refers to ‘the Vision of Saint Bridget of Sweden’.
It could have been commissioned for the capitular Cathedral of St Stephen in Litoměřice by Jan of Vartenberk, provost of the Chapter of St Vitus for whom the painter also made a votive picture (1508, known only from a later copy).
Like the Master of the Křivoklát Altarpiece in whose workshop he trained, the Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece also worked for the royal court.
He made the wall paintings in the St Wenceslas Chapel of St Vitus Cathedral, which means that the altarpiece could have come from a Prague church.
Among those worth considering are St Vitus Cathedral and the Premonstratensian Canonry at Strahov that commissioned an altar triptych from the artist.
According to documents quoted by Lippert in 1871, Jiří Vilém Herold of Stod, a citizen of Litoměřice and a royal magistrate, donated the panels to the diocese Church of All Saints in Litoměřice in 1633.
In 1920 Luksch recognised that the painting of Christ on the Mount of Olives that had, until then, hung in the Church of All Saints, also belonged to the altarpiece.
It is a one-and-a-half-story Queen Anne-style house, one of three Queen Annes at the intersection of Colorado Ave. and Willow St. in Trinidad.
With regional offices established in 12 locations across the globe, Premier World Capital maintains a presence in all the major financial centres of the world, as well as other emerging markets such as India, Argentina, Romania and Bahrain.
As of January 2020, Premier World Capital has offices in all the major financial centres worldwide and its operations are diversified across the major geographic regions of the Americas; Europe, the Middle East and Africa; and Asia-Pacific.
The operational headquarters for its wealth management segment is located in Central, Hong Kong, while its asset management and investment banking segments are operationally headquartered in London, United Kingdom and New York City, United States respectively.
Together with its corporate services arm, Premier World Capital's organizational structure comprises of 4 operational segments: Wealth Management, Asset Management, Investment Banking and a Corporate Center.
At the corporate group level, executive board meetings are held biannually while financial, compliance and investor reports are released on a quarterly basis.
Based on its corporate structure and an analysis of its balance sheet, the company received a Moody's Analytics Risk Score of 2 (1 being the best and 10 being the worst in terms of company risk) in its latest evaluation.
The first look poster was released on 26 November 2019, in which Suvrat Joshi, Prajakta Mali, Rohit Haldikar, Ganesh Pandit and Omkar Govardhan appeared.
Lake Walsh is a fresh water body crossed to the west on by the discharge current from Fragrasso Lake in Jacques-Cartier National Park.
This lake is located entirely in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Walsh Lake watershed is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay.
A few secondary roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities, notably forest road 12 which runs north of the lake and in the area between Fragrasso Lake and lac Walsh.
The surface of lake Walsh is generally frozen from early December to late March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
This lake between the mountains looks like a large inverted V. Lake Walsh crossed west on by the current from the outlet of Fragrasso Lake, to the dam at its mouth.
The Sautauriski Lake is located on the northeast side of Walsh Lake; Fragrasso Lake is located on the northeast side of the lake; and the course of the Jacques-Cartier River goes to on the west side of the lake.
A water regulation dam was built in 2005 at the mouth of Walsh Lake allowing a water retention height of for a reservoir capacity of .
From the mouth of Walsh Lake, the current first descends on to the west, then branches off to the north, where the water discharges at the bottom of the west bay of lac des Alliés.
From there, the current goes up on towards the north, to join the current coming from the discharge of the Rocheuse River (coming from the north).
From there, the current successively follows the course of the Rocheuse River on ; on towards the southwest by following the course of the rivière du Malin; then on generally towards the south along the current of the Jacques-Cartier River to the northeast bank of the Saint-Laurent river.
She started singing at an early age competing in local street competitions, and at age 14 she became a studio vocalist, gaining experience in different genres of music.
Lamentation over the Dead Christ is an oil painting on canvas of by Bramantino, painted for the church of San Barnaba in Milan.
The work was acquired by the Werner family in 1985 and now in the Pinacoteca del Castello Sforzesco in the same city.
The painting shows the influence of Roman artists such as Mantegna which Bramantino had picked up during his stay in Rome, especially in its use of perspective.
Brady Joe McDonnell (born July 24, 1977) is a former American football tight end who played for the New York Giants and Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL).
Its biggest clients are in the energy, oil and gas sector including French oil giant Total and American Multinational oil magnate ExxonMobil.
In 2019 Caritas Communications CEO Adedayo Ojo announced that the firm was leading Nigeria to join Navigate Response, a global crisis communications network that covers key maritime hotspots in West Africa and the Mediterranean.
Caritas Communications was established in 1999 by Adedayo Ojo, a former head of public relations at ExxonMobil headquarters in Texas, United States but did not start operation until 2009 when it fully launched for operation.
Caritas first clients include Lekoil, Savannah Petroleum, Schneider Electrics and later expanded networks to telecommunications, public and financial sectors as well as consumer products companies.
In 2017 Caritas Communications led a crisis management campaign for ExxonMobil engulfed in an industrial dispute with its employees that threatened to shut down oil production in Nigeria's oil rich region of Niger Delta.
The Palazzo della Ragione Madonna is a fragment of a fresco of by Bramantino, originally on the façade of the Palazzo della Ragione, Milan, and now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in the same city.
Due to a reference by Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo it was long misattributed to Bramante, until it entered its present home in 1808.
The elections were the fourth minority elections since 2003 and 278.932 citizens of Croatia were entitled to vote for councils and additional 24.399 for representatives.
They had the right to vote in their municipality or town of residence for local council or representative of their minority if such elections are required based on an absolute or relative local minority population.
The decision was made based on the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia, and ordinary Law on Election of Members of Representative of Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units and the Law on Local Elections.
Ahmed Bening is a Ghanaian youth and an a social commentator.He was elected as the as the Deputy Secretary General of The Pan African Youth Union in 2018 at the 5th Ordinary Congress of the Pan Africa Union in Khartoum,Sudan.
The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is a psychological measure used to assess premonitory urges preceding tics in tic disorders.
On three different occasions, he was commissioned to be an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary but did not serve (Bulgaria, 1928 and 1929; Costa Rica 1929) but he did serve as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Dominican Republic (1931-1937), Finland (1937-1942) and Hungary (1946-1947).
The company engages in time brokerage agreements, and is primarily known for platforming Russian government programming Radio Sputnik and a legal battle over initially refusing to register as a foreign agent.
The company has received much press over selling time to Rossiya Segodnya and playing a part in disseminating pro-Russian propaganda in the United States.
The Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES) is a psychological measure used to screen for tics and other behaviors.
Bobby Charles Johnson (born September 1, 1960) is a former American football defensive back who played for the New Orleans Saints and St. Louis Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL).
Ghost Light is a five-piece American jam band formed in 2017 by Tom Hamilton, Raina Mullen, Holly Bowling, Scotty Zwang and Dan Africano.
Ghost Light has performed on major festival stages and in historic venues including Lockn' Festival, Jam Cruise, Electric Forest Festival, Mission Ballroom, Brooklyn Bowl, The Peach Music Festival and Terrapin Crossroads.
Ghost Light was formed at the end of 2017 with two established mainstays in the jam band music scene, Tom Hamilton & Holly Bowling.
The band launched their first tour with a sold-out show in San Diego, CA and performed in over 25 venues across the United States throughout 2018.
Along with tic disorders, it screens for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other conditions with onset in childhood.
Madonna and Child with Eight Saints is an oil painting on canvas of by Bramantino, originally in the church of Santa Maria del Giardino in Milan and now in the Contini Bonacossi collection at the Uffizi in Florence.
Few of the saints hold attributes, making it difficult to identify them, though they might include John the Baptist (kneeling at the left and gesturing towards the Christ Child), Job or Saint Jerome (the bearded man with a bare torso), possibly Saint Ambrose (the bishop saint to the right) and Saint George or Saint Sebastian (the warrior saint with a long sword).
The facility had its origins in the Driffield Union Workhouse which was designed by John Edwin Oates and opened in 1868.
It joined the National Health Service as the East Riding County Hospital in 1948 and became the East Riding General Hospital in 1950.
As it expanded it took over many of the old workhouse buildings and modern operating theatre facilities were also built on the site in the 1960s.
In it the Holy Family and the Magi are, unusually, joined by an adult John the Baptist, whose Baptism of Christ was celebrated on the same day as Epiphany in the liturgical calendar.
The 29th Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla was a motor torpedo boat (MTB) flotilla manned and crewed by Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) reservists in service with the Coastal Forces of the Royal Navy during the Second World War.
The 29th MTB Flotilla had a short & distinguished history in the English Channel, including action during the landings at Normandy in 1944.
Tasked with escorting a clandestine mine gathering expedition to the German controlled Normandy coast, on 16 May 1944 the Canadian MTBs proceeded to the French Coast along with two British MTBs, protecting them as volunteers were landed ashore by outboards to lift sample mines from the German beach defence.
Between 20–22 May 1944, the 29th MTB Flotilla joined RCN Tribal-class destroyers and the 65th MTB Flotilla in intercepting enemy coastal convoys in the English Channel.
During the Normandy invasion on June 6, 1944, the 29th Flotilla was tasked with guarding the east flank of the invasion fleets, while the 65th Flotilla was assigned to protect the western flank.
Following the invasion, the MTBs of the 29th Flotilla patrolled the 15 km distance between the eastern edge of the assault area and the German naval base at Le Havre.
Each night three or four Canadian MTBs waited until larger Allied ships tracked the German surface ships attempting either to attack the allied assault area or transport supplies into Le Havre.
The 29th Flotilla was disbanded shortly after five Canadian boats were sunk & twenty-six sailors were killed by an explosion while alongside at Ostend, on 14 February 1945.
Built by the British Power Boat Company (BPB) at the Hythe, Southampton boat yard, originally eight Type ‘G’ MTBs (459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466) were assigned to the RCN 29th MTB Flotilla with three more boats (485, 486, 491) added later to replace damaged or sunken MTB’s.
engines, each with a 2,500 gallon capacity of 100 octane gas, these vessels had an operational radius of about 140 miles while cruising at 25 knots, and a top speed of some 40 knots.
The 2020-21 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship will be the 51st staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament.
Thorganby railway station served the village of Thorganby, North Yorkshire, England from 1912 to 1968 on the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
Xanadu is located south of Utah State Route 266, south of Salt Lake City and 8 miles (7 nautical miles) of Salt Lake City International Airport.
The elevation is listed as 4,265 feet (1,300 meters) above sea level, but drops as low as 4,245 feet along the Jordan River and rises as high as 4,285 feet along Shellbourne Lane on topographical maps.
Produced for an unknown commissioner from Milan, it shows the Christ Child being adored by the kneeling figures of Bernardino of Siena (recognisable by his grey Franciscan habit), Francis of Assisi (with his stigmata), Benedict of Nursia (in a black Benedictine habit) and the Virgin Mary.
Arthur Lawrence Norberg (born 1938) is an American historian of science and technology who has been Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota since 2005.
Previously, he held the ERA Land-Grant Chair in History of Technology at the University of Minnesota, where he was a Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Charles Babbage Institute.
A chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity has existed at Godney since the 12th century, when one was in possession of Glastonbury Abbey.
The chapel was abandoned by 1675 and a new place of worship was established at a new site by Peter Davis in 1737.
By 1838, Godney had a population of 270, but the chapel was in a poor state of repair and could only accommodate 80.
The church was rebuilt in 1839–41 to the designs of George Phillips Manners of Bath and was consecrated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
The church was in need of restoration by the beginning of the 20th century, with the flooring, seating and gallery being in poor condition.
The work, which included the construction of a chancel, was carried out in 1903 by Messrs J. Merrick and Son of Glastonbury with supervision by Mr. Buckle.
The work cost £700 to £800 and included the removal of the gallery and installation of new pews of pitch pine.
The Bishop of Bath and Wells, who had attended the chancel's foundation stone ceremony, had agreed to perform the reopening service, but was unable to attend due to illness.
It was built by the Positive Organ Company for £150 and funded by public subscription and a £60 donation from the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie.
On 22 October 1911, an oak screen, erected to form a vestry at the west end of the nave, was dedicated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
Repairs were carried out in 1980 for a cost of £2,700, which included the replacement of plasterwork and repair of the roof.
It was originally made up of a three-bay nave, east vestry and south porch, with a gallery at the west end of nave and a bellcote on the west gable.
The apsidal chancel was added in 1903, replacing the original east vestry, and a new vestry was formed at the west end of the nave.
With the rebuilding of the church in 1839, heraldic glass of late 16th century origin was installed from a house recently demolished at Lillington.
Louis Rimbault (April 9, 1877 - November 10, 1949) was a French individualist anarchist and promoter of simple living and veganism.
He did not explicitly discuss the role of veganism in ecology but was opposed to the suffering of any animal by man.
He believed that the consumption of meat was murder and that vivisection or any form of violence exerted on animals was a crime against nature.
He was left to live at the colony largely in isolation but his faith in veganism did not diminish and he continued, until his death in 1949, to welcome boarders and visitors.
The album was released by Rogers' own label, Dead Reckoning Records, which was formed with fellow musicians Kieran Kane, Kevin Welch, Mike Henderson and Harry Stinson, all of which appear on this album.
Lure of the Wasteland is a 1939 American Western film directed by Harry L. Fraser and written by Robert Emmett Tansey.
The Lac Fragasso is a freshwater body at the head of a branch leading to the Rocheuse River via Walsh Lake and lac des Alliés, flowing in Jacques-Cartier National Park.
This lake is located entirely in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The watershed of lake Fragasso is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which connects the cities of Quebec and Saguenay.
A secondary road serves the northern part of the lake for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism; while forest road 12 passes south in the area between Lake Fragasso and Lake Walsh.
The surface of Lake Fragasso is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Sautauriski Lake is located on the northeast side of Lake Fragasso; the lac Walsh is located on the southwest side of the lake; and the course of the Jacques-Cartier River goes to on the west side of the lake.
From the mouth of lake Fragasso, the current first descends on to reach Walsh Lake, then successively on westwards crossing Walsh Lake, on to the west, then branches off to the north, where the water discharges at the bottom of the west bay of lac des Alliés.
From there, the current goes up on towards the north, to join the current coming from the discharge of the Rocheuse River (coming from the north).
From there, the current successively follows the course of the Rocheuse River on ; on towards the southwest by following the course of the rivière du Malin; then on generally towards the south along the current of the Jacques-Cartier river to the northeast bank of the Saint-Laurent river.
In addition to having participated in the construction of the Quebec bridge around 1913, this engineer erected several dams, notably those at Jacques-Cartier lakes in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and Sautauriski, located in Jacques-Cartier National Park.
Despite her desire to access a full college education, no Southern universities would admit her as a woman to their science programs.
She submitted a thesis on the tide water region of the Charles River and was the first woman to receive a Bachelor of Science in the area of Geology at MIT.
She taught natural science at the State Normal School at Plymouth, New Hampshire following her graduation prior to being hired to teach at the North Carolina State Normal Industrial School in Greensboro, in 1892.
There, she taught botany, geology and chemistry, as well as tutoring many of the early students who entered the university with little prior education in the sciences.
Bryant also worked as a faculty for the 1894 Summer School for Teachers and Students held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where she taught physical geography and botany.
She graduated with her PhD in geology in 1904, the first woman to receive a PhD in geology at that university.
Her credentials did not result in any change in her salary or status and as a result she left the institution in 1905 to teach in public schools in Chicago.
For the remainder of her career, Bryant taught in Chicago secondary schools, specifically Hyde Park and Schurz, until 1931 at which point she retired to Asheville, North Carolina.
The Man in the Cellar (German: Der Mann im Keller) is a 1914 German silent thriller film directed by Joe May and starring Ernst Reicher, Max Landa and Olga Engl.
A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff (born 1930) is an American writer and academic, known for her work collecting and analyzing literature of Native American writers.
Beginning in 1966 she taught English literature in the English department at the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she developed curriculum for a Native American studies program.
She served as the Acting Director from 1999-2000 of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for American Indian and Indigenous Studies, a part of the Newberry Library.
Ruoff was a National Endowment for the Humanities director of Summer Seminars for College Teachers on American Indian Literature, in 1979, 1983, 1989, and 1994.
Henry S. Ensher (1959-) is an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Algeria from 2011 until 2014.
As Deputy Assistant Secretary for Central Asia and Afghanistan at the U.S. Department of State, Ensher oversaw U.S. policy towards and diplomatic relations with the five Central Asian states and Afghanistan.
Born in Saint-Jean-de-l'île d'Orléans on March 24, 1833, son of notary Hubert Casimir Nazaire Larue and Adélaïde Roy, he married Alphonsine Panet, daughter of Judge Philippe Panet and Luce Casgrain.
When he returned to Quebec he began teaching at Laval in a variety of subjects including forensic medicine, inorganic chemistry, histology and toxicology.
He wrote extensively in the magazines and newspapers of his time, notably in the Courrier du Canada, L'Événement, Soirées Canadiennes, Foyer Canadien, and in La Ruche littéraire, where he signed his name Isidore de Méplats.
Sally Holland is a registered social worker, researcher, and teacher, who currently the Children's Commissioner for Wales since her appointment in 2015.
Her early career also included work as a registered social worker and she has experience in the statutory and voluntary sectors.
Holland worked as a Professor at the School of Social Sciences at Cardiff University, and established the Children's Social Care Research and Development Centre (CASCADE) at Cardiff as its director until taking up the role as Children's Commissioner.
Holland was appointed as the next Children’s Commissioner for Wales in January 2015, and took up the role in April 2015.
There was some controversy around the process through which Holland came to become Commissioner, after the Welsh Government initially interviewed for the role and was initially unable to appoint a suitable candidate from the shortlist.
Prof Holland is a campaigner for a ban on smacking children and a member of the pressure group Academics for Equal Protection.
Churaibari railway station became operation in 2008 with the meter gauge line from Lumding to Agartala but later in 2016 entire section converted into broad gauge line.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
As a junior at Clemson University in 1993, Hampton had a .254 batting average, a .322 on-base percentage (OBP), and a .454 SLG, with nine home runs.
Following a lone season at Clemson, Hampton was named the hitting coach at West Virginia University, where worked for two seasons.
On January 9, 2020, Hampton was promoted to the interim head baseball coach at St. John's following Ed Blankmeyer's resignation to join the Brooklyn Cyclones.
She represented Tunisia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's shot put F54 event in 2016.
Çağlayan River or Fındıklı River (Laz language: Abu River) is one of the main water streams of Fındıklı in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.
José Marín Varona was born on March 10, 1859 in the city of Camagüey, where he began his musical studies with professor Mariano Agüero.
During his exile he continued hia musical activity and offered presentations with the purpose of collaborating with the national independence cause.
Upon returning to Cuba, Marín Varona was married to the Spanish singer Amalia Rodríguez and travelled through the Americas with zarzuela and operetta companies.
The work of José Marín Varona links the musical actiivity of the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century in Cuba.
After his arrival to Havana at a very young age, Marín Varona worked as a sight singing and piano at the Municipal Conservatory; and after the Republic inauguration, in 1902, he founded the Army Staff (military) Band.
In 1905 Marín Varona also organized the Artillery Band, for which he composed and arranged numerous pieces, such as the Tributo al Maine, Himno para el Yara, Huérfanos de la Patria, Gobernador Magoon and La Independencia, among ohers.
Marín Varona was a professor at the Municipal Conservatory of Havana and a member of National Academy of Arts and Literature, where he participated as President of the Music Section for many years.
In his songs it is possible to notice a notable relation between elements characteristic of popular music and those of concert music.
In 2003, two teenagers convicted of stealing gold carts were given settlements because SCC did not verify whether they were guests who were allowed to take golf carts.
The season began on a sour note when team member and ice hockey club president Frank Falvey died due to acute peritonitis.
A game against Phillips Andover was cancelled as a result but the team did eventually return to the ice against Harvard.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
Cottingwith railway station served the village of East Cottingwith, East Riding of Yorkshire, England from 1912 to 1964 on the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
Sedad Subašić (born 16 February 2001) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bosnian Premier League club Željezničar and the Bosnia and Herzegovina U19 national team.
Born in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Subašić started playing football in 2007 at Rudar Kakanj, joining the club's first team in 2017.
He would then move on to join Bosnian powerhouse Željezničar on 8 July 2019, signing a five year contract and playing for both the youth and first team of the club.
The Sunshine Mall opened on September 26th, 1968, with of mall space and a J. C. Penney as an anchor, which replaced a store in downtown Clearwater.
By July 1994, McCrory's had closed its doors and J. C. Penney had announced intentions to leave by January, and the mall had stopped signing new leases for interior tenants, keeping existing tenants on month-to-month leases.
A rebuild of the mall was announced in 1995, which was to transform the mall into a strip mall power center, retaining an interior corridor, however this never came to pass.
The mall was demolished beginning in July 1998 by Terra Excavating Inc of Largo, FL in order to make way for a 600-apartment complex.
In the summer of 1996 transferred in Vicenza the young forward Alessandro Iannuzzi, Giovanni Cornacchini who will be topscorer in Coppa Italia, Massimo Beghetto, teenager Pierre Wome discovered in Africa by technical director Sergio Vignoni also 18-yr-old Fabio Firmani.
Vicenza had its best season for a long time, winning the Coppa Italia following a victory over Napoli in the final.
Born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, he attended the town's Vicorage Street School and Higham Lane School, before working as a Bevin Boy during World War II.
Scott Fields (born April 22, 1973) is a former American football linebacker who played for the Atlanta Falcons and Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL).
In 1999 Gehler habilitated at the University of Innsbruck and worked there until 2006 as an associate professor at the Institute for Contemporary History.
Between 2004 and 2005 Gehler was also a visiting professor at the universities of Rostock (2004), Salzburg (2004/05) and Leuven (2005).
In 2013 he accepted a call to head the Institute for Modern and Contemporary History Research (INZ) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna while maintaining his professorship at the University of Hildesheim.
The main areas of research are national and regional history, with special attention to the South Tyrol issue, and international relations, with special attention to European integration.
Gehler has a wide-ranging scientific network that goes far beyond that of colleagues in professors and includes both young researchers and living personalities of contemporary history (civil servants, diplomats, politicians).
Operation Amber Star was a joint military operation to hunt down Bosnia war criminals and bring them to justice at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
The operation combined the special forces and intelligence agencies of five countries- the US, the UK, France, Germany, and the Netherlands.
Operation Amber Star helped lend teeth to the tribunal by helping to ensure all of the indicted war criminals where brought before the ICTY.
While the operation was designed to be a joint mission, individual government and special forces usually worked separately on individual targets.
Wilhelm Peter Henning Hansen (27 November 1868 - 4 February 1936) was a Danish businessman and art collector, founder of the Ordrupgaard Art Museum north of Copenhagen.
He made a fortune in the insurance industry as founder of the Danish insurance companies Dansk Folkeforsikringsanstalt and Mundus, and as managing director of Hafnia, another Danish insurance company, from 1905 until his death in 1936.
Hansen was born on 27 November 1868 in Copenhagen, the son of Niels Christian Adolph Hansen (1829-1918) and Josephine Marie Sophie Buntzen (1842-1914).
Hansen began his career in the insurance industry when he in circa 1888 started working for the Vritish life insurance company Greshams' office in Copenhagen.
Later on, partly assisted by Théodore Duret, he also began to collect French art, benefitting from the favourable situation on the French art market during World War 1.
Inn 1918, Wilhelm Hansen together with fellow collector Herman Heilbuth (1861–1945) and art dealers Winkel & Magnussen, founded a consortium which was of great importance to the French purchases.
His collection included works by artists such as Corot, Courbet, Daumier and Gauguin as well as early works by Cézanne, Degas, Manet, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir and Sisley.
The bankruptcy of Landmandsbanken in 1923 forced him to sell part of his collection but some of the most important works were acquired by the Ny Carlsberg Foundation and are now part of the collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.
In 1918, Hansen founded the French Art Society (Fransk kunst) with the aim of widening the knowledge of French art in Denmark.
It arranged a number of exhibitions, culminating with its 1928 exhibition of 19th-century French art in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in 1928, presenting a number of the Louvre's best works, and its exhibition of 18th-century French art at the Charlottenborg Exhibition Building.
He opened it to the public in 1918 but closed it again after the sale of part of the collection to the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.
Hansen married Henny Nathalie Soelberg Jensen (5 May 1870 - 1951), a daughter of miller and later travelling salesman Carl S. J.
He was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1909, was awarded the Cross of Honour in1921 and was created a 2n-ckass Cmmander of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1922.
Hemşin River or Pazar River (Laz language: Zuğa River) is one of the main water streams of Hemşin and Pazar districts in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.
On 24 December 1811 a storm resulted in the wrecking of six vessels on the Haak Sand north of Texel and the loss of over 600 lives.
First-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Louie Bickerton defeated the second seeds Sylvia Harper and Meryl O'Hara Wood 6–2, 3–6, 6–2 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.
Miss Akhurst completed her third and last Triple Crown, having won Women's Singles title earlier that day and Mixed Doubles final the day before.
Michel Fragasso (1888-1954), originally from Carignola, in the province of Foggia in Italy was a Quebec engineer who participated in the design and production of several public offenses in Quebec, Canada.
At the end of his engineering studies in Liège, Michel Fragasso immigrated to Quebec in 1912 to pursue a career as an engineer.
In addition to having participated in the construction of the Quebec bridge around 1913, this engineer erected several dams, in particular those of the Jacques-Cartier lakes, in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and of the Sautauriski Lake, located in Jacques-Cartier National Park.
Wheldrake railway station served the village of Wheldrake, East Riding of Yorkshire, England from 1913 to 1968 on the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
Anita Ayoob (also written as Anita Ayub and Aneeta Ayoob) is a former Pakistani actress and model, who appeared in Bollywood films, Pakistani films, television and advertisements in the 1980s and 1990s.
She had a brief, but a controversial career in India and Pakistan and was rumoured to have a close relationship with underworld don, Dawood Ibrahim.
After appearing in some movies in India and Pakistan, she has settled in New York, when she could not get her working visa extended in India.
Fashion Central, a Pakistan based online fashion magazine wrote that Ayub was blamed to be Pakistani spy, was allegedly involved in Bombay blast.
A producer named Javed Siddique was allegedly shot dead by Dawood's gang in 1995, when the producer refused to cast Anita in a Hindi film.
In 1989, she participated in the Miss Asia Pacific International beauty pageant, where she made a controversial remark on polygamy during the contest in Manila, Philippines.
Presently services are suspended on Narkatiaganj–Bhikhna Thori branch line since 2015, as it is undergoing gauge conversion, from metre to broad gauge.
It is expected that the first stretch between and (13 km) to be completed in March 2020 and by June 2020, up to Gawnaha station (23 km).
The last section between Gawnaha and Bhikhna Thori (13 km) passes through dense forest and needs a special permit from the Forest Department allowing construction works.
The album consists of computerised versions of songs from his 2012 releases: Clear Moon and Ocean Roar plus 2 organs excerpts from the songs 'Pale lights' and 'the Place Lives' from Clear Moon and Ocean Roar respectively.
The album is a diversion from Phil's typical sound with Phil's vocals layered in autotune and pitched higher in some instances to resemble a female voice.
In the Americas Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with the winning team remaining in Group I, whereas the losing team was relegated to the Americas Zone Group II in 1994.
The Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.
Elvington railway station served the village of Elvington, North Yorkshire, England from 1913 to 1972 on the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
It is unusual architecturally as a 1911 public building for its early reflection of Prairie School architecture and the influence of Frank Lloyd Wright.
It was previously named Pierson High School and received its current name in 1990, after Marjorie Lightbourne-Basden, a former teacher who retired in 1980.
Rodney Cox became the principal in 2018; Cox began working for the school circa 1992 as a teacher and rose through the ranks.
After having to cancel their entire 1903–04 season due to poor weather conditions, MIT returned to the ice in January of 1905.
When they did finally play a game, they came up against a juggernaut in Harvard and lost one of the most lopsided games in college hockey history (0–25).
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
The fourth-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Gar Moon defeated the first seeds Marjorie Cox and Jack Crawford 6–0, 7–5 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.
The men's javelin throw event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb with the final on 16 July 1987.
The Family Business is an American crime family drama created by Carl Weber and based on his bestselling crime drama book series.
On December 19, 2019, the series was renewed for a 12-episode second season and will air on the streaming service BET+.
Michael Jai White, Christian Keyes, Eva La Rue, Robert Picardo, Anthony Montgomery and Franky G have appears in a recurring roles.
The 2020 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for New Brunswick, was held from January 23–26 at the Riverside Golf and Curling Club in Rothesay, New Brunswick.
Andrea Crawford won her second straight and ninth overall New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts defeating Sylvie Quillian 6-3 in the final.
Ray, Debra, Frank, and Marie are hurt by their supposed portrayals in the story, Robert concerned about not even being mentioned.
At a parent-teacher meeting Ray and Debra have with Eileen, Michael's teacher, they try to act as normal of a family as possible.
The accusation leads to an enraged Marie commenting on modern society and child psychology system's over-rewarding of the children and constant blame on mothers.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The other listed buildings include a church and items in the churchyard, farmhouses and farm buildings, a wayside cross, a milestone, a milepost, public houses, a bridge, a chapel, and a market hall.
Females and juveniles are greenish or brownish with a mottled pattern, they frequently show a large vertical patch with smaller white patches on the body next to it.
The blue-headed wrasse is endemic to the waters of south eastern Australia where its is found from Newcastle, New South Wales and Sydney in New South Wales south to Victoria and Tasmania, east to South Australia.
The blue-headed wrasse occurs in sheltered to exposed rocky reefs, frequently being recorded where there is sea weeds as deep as .
The smaller fish are found in shallower water than the adults where they frequent beds of kelp and other seaweeds, as well as sea grass.
The blue-throated wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, females change sex into males, which happens after they attain 4 years of age, and this occurs in 12% of females each year.
The blue-throated wrasse is subject to a minimumsize in Vicorie (28cm) and in Tasmania (30cm) and fishing licenses are restricted in each of thee states.
The biology of this species makes it vulnerable to fishing pressure as the large, territorial males are most easily taken and this leads to a reduction in breeding success and lower recruitment into the population, There are concerns that the larger minimum size for catch in Tasmania does not provide adequate protection.
The original song was recorded by McKee in 2008 for her then-forthcoming second studio album under Reprise, though it was shelved.
McKee later re-recorded the video during her time with Kemosabe and Sony, filming a space-inspired video in 2013 with plans to release it as a single.
The production was filmed in 2013 and originally planned to be released that winter but saw delays due to troubles McKee was having with her label.
The school was initially housed at Clement Howell High School as the first building was not yet complete for its planned October opening.
In that period Clement Howell and Long Bay students attended classes together, although the latter already began wearing their own uniforms.
Initially the school had the first form, with second form coming afterwards and with a plan for it being a full high school.
Gilarranz started her early career off as an editor for a Spanish media magazine and later on moved on to chase her dream of content creation and in time went on to make a blog of her own which is known as bymyheels.
It serves Bhitiharwa village, a place known for the Bhitiharwa Gandhi Ashram, a school founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1917, today a museum.
Presently services are suspended on Narkatiaganj–Bhikhna Thori branch line since 2015, as it is undergoing gauge conversion, from metre to broad gauge.
It is expected that the first stretch between and (13 km) to be completed in March 2020 and by June 2020, up to station (23 km).
The last section between Gawnaha and Bhikhna Thori (13 km) passes through dense forest and needs a special permit from the Forest Department allowing construction works.
Prior to the Holiday break, team manager R. S. Woodward asked the university's permission for the ice hockey team to travel to Pittsburgh for a 4-game set against local athletic clubs.
He did so because the ice hockey club was $75 in debt and the team was being offered $400 for the cost of expenses for the trip.
Because the trip would take place during the school term, and because Columbia University policy prohibited any person or team with an outstanding debt from taking place in a public contest, permission for the trip was denied.
After the break school administrators ruled that the eight men who had participated had violated university instructions and would be barred from representing Columbia University or participating in any university athletic event for the remainder of the school year.
The disqualified students were: R. S. Woodward, A. Lawrence, A. Wolff, D. S. Hudson, A. Coggeshall, S. Campbell, W. Duden and F. X. O'Dwyer.
As a result, the team was forced to reorganize with most of the freshman squad and play out their Intercollegiate Hockey Association schedule.
This was done primarily so that the other teams the players were involved with were not punished as a result of the actions of the ice hockey management.
He graduated from Los Angeles County High School for the Arts and was admitted to New York University's Tisch School of Arts conservatory program.
Starting in 1997, Wallace spent 15 years working designing and running programs for incarcerated youth, foster youth, and at-risk youth in New York City and San Francisco.
One of his projects involved designing an education intake and assessment model for youth released from Rikers Island and Spofford Detention Facility.
Another project, undertaken in 2000, entailed the redesign and expansion of an organic farming employment program, under the hospices of the San Franscisco League Of Urban Gardeners, for middle school-aged youth in the Bayview/Hunters Point neighborhood, during which time he taught on the subjects of sustainable farming, food security, and environmental justice.
He was also tasked with creating a reentry to society program for youth from San Francisco County who were exiting long-term incarceration.
In 2003, he created and taught a course for middle school-aged black youth which combined history with behavior modification and social skills development.
Starting in March 2016, he spent a year and six months as am MTV News Music Desk columnist, writing on subjects ranging from Prince, John Coltrane, white rappers, and Aaliyah, to Bernie Worrell, De La Soul, G-Eazy, and Meghan Trainor.
The top six finishers by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed playing the lowest seed in the first round.
The little man explains that he can't give her any money, but a tiny little seed that she can plant into the garden.
She wants a doll as a toy, is helpful towards strangers, has intuition and accepts her parents' values without contradiction The female aspects of Britta-Kajsa become even stronger when she starts behaving like a caring mom who loves her pretty daughter (the doll).
Later the doll shows self-confidence (the doll insists on the name Mirabelle), wildness, naughtiness and self-determination, for example when she tells Britta-Kajsa what she doesn't want to eat.
She won one of the bronze medals in the women's 55 kg event at the 2010 Asian Games held in Guangzhou, China.
She also competed at the Asian Wrestling Championships and between 2009 and 2016 she won a total of one silver medal and five bronze medals at that event.
Presently services are suspended on Narkatiaganj–Bhikhna Thori branch line since 2015, as it is undergoing gauge conversion, from metre to broad gauge.
It is expected that the first stretch between and Amolwa (13 km) to be completed in March 2020 and by June 2020, up to station (23 km).
The last section between Gawnaha and Bhikhna Thori (13 km) passes through dense forest and needs a special permit from the Forest Department allowing construction works.
Antanas Rimvydas Čaplinskas (28 March 1939 – 13 December 2011) was a Lithuanian energy engineer, historian and prominent author of books about history of Vilnius.
He was a Member of the First Council of the Vilnius city Sąjūdis, later from 1990 to 1995 he worked in the Vilnius City Council.
The men's triple jump event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 15 and 17 July 1987.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles took place on 5 August at the Albert Gersten Pavilion.
It has a slender, violet-coloured body, three pairs of legs, a pair of translucent wings and a tuft of long glassy white waxen filaments protruding from the tip of the abdomen.
The first instar nymphs, known as crawlers, descend to the ground and attach themselves to the roots of plants by inserting their piercing mouthparts.
He was Priest in charge at St Matthew, Yiewsley from 1997 to 2001; and Rector of Plymstock from 2001 to 2012.
Simran Jhamat (born 22 January 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Coventry United in the FA Women's Championship.
It was formed in August 2015 after the parliamentary election and ended in October 2018 with the dismissal of Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe, precipitating the 2018 constitutional crisis.
The 2020 Atlantic Sun Conference Baseball Tournament will be held at Swanson Stadium, home field of the Florida Gulf Coast Eagles baseball team in Fort Myers, Florida from May 20 through 23.
The winner of the tournament will claim the Atlantic Sun Conference's automatic bid to the 2020 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The National Health Authority is a non-governmental organization in India which collaborates with the Indian government to manage a national insurance program and public access to health data.
The organization's primary activity is to manage the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY),which is a national health insurance program in India.
Other goals include improving access to health information and data for the public sector and supporting the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority.
In the collaboration, Google will provide digital training to staff and partners, while the organization will seek to increase public access to data.
The 2020 Tampa Bay Rowdies season is the club's 11th season of existence, their fourth in the United Soccer League, and second in the USL Championship.
Including the previous Tampa Bay Rowdies, this is the 27th season of a franchise in the Tampa Bay metro area with the Rowdies moniker.
Amzebek Rysbekuly Jolshybekov (born 7 March 1947) is a Kazakh politician, member of the Mazhilis from 1999 to 2012, parliamentary leader of Otan (party) from 2004 to 2006, and then Nur Otan from 2006 to 2007, Deputy Chairman of the CEC from 1991 to 1993 and the Secretary of the National Council from 2002 to 2003.
After graduating, Jolshybekov was the Deputy Head of the Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan until 1990 when he became the Secretary of the Jambyl Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
In September 1998, Jolshybekov became the Deputy head organizational and control department of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In October 1999, Jolshybekov was elected as member of the Mazhilis in the 1999 legislative election, representing the 31st district of the Jambyl Region.
The team relay luge at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
season was the club's 82nd season in the Football League, and the 29th consecutive season in the fourth tier (League Division Three).
Joseph C. Gambone is an osteopathic physician, clinical professor at Western University of Health Sciences, and emeritus professor of obstetrics and gynecology at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
He was Director for Ministry for the Kensington Area of the Diocese of London from 2010 until his appointment as Archdeacon.
He served as the program director for a local YMCA branch, and as a member of the Lucas County Board of Education.
In January 1975, he was appointed to the council to fill an unexpired term of councilwoman Carol Peitrykowski, who had been appointed to Lucas County Clerk of Courts.
On July 1, 1979, strained city finances and negotiation breakdowns with police and fire department unions led to an illegal two-day strike of safety workers.
This resulted in numerous fires, destroyed property, and the murder of a city bus driver during a robbery, which brought national media attention to the problem.
However, some critics questioned the cost, and claimed that the use of Federal funds could burden small businesses and push them out of the downtown area.
Despite endorsement from the Democratic Party, DeGood did not run again for any public office after his third term ended in 1983.
On December 1, 2019, DeGood died at Georgetown University Hospital, as the result of massive brain injuries he sustained in an accidental fall, while visiting family in Washington, D.C.. Funeral services were private and his remains were cremated.
Elizabeth (Elise) P. Van Winkle is a United States government official and psychologist currently serving as the Executive Director of the Office of Force Resiliency for the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.
Van Winkle has also served as the Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness and in the Office of People Analytics (OPA) for the Department of Defense and acted as a principal investigator for numerous OPA surveys.
Van Winkle received a BA from Kenyon College in 1996 with majors in English and Psychology and an MA in Sociology from Boston University.
She went on to earn a PhD in Applied Experimental Psychology from the Catholic University of America in 2012 with a doctoral dissertation on the subject of executive functions in young adults.
At the Department of Defense, Van Winkle has overseen studies on sexual assault in the military, gender relations in the armed services, workplace opportunities for service members, and the perceived stress of military spouses.
Van Winkle has also served in an administrative role in numerous linguistic projects for the Department of Defense including at the Defense Language and National Security Education Office(DLNSEO) (formerly the Defense Language Office and National Security Education Program) and as Chair of the National Security Education Board and Defense Language Steering Committee.
The ship will be built at Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries (formerly Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding) in Newport News, Virginia.
The ship will honor Messman Third Class Doris Miller who received the Navy Cross for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
The winner of the preliminary round joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1994.
It used to believed that treatments for migraine would work in menstrual migraine but that has not proven to be the case because menstrual migraines are harder to treat.
In 2008, menstrual migraines were given ICD-9 codes (346.4-346.43) of their own which separate menstrual migraine from other types of migraine.
About 40% of women and 20% of men will get a migraine at sometime in their life; most of them will get their first migraine before they are 35-years-old.
Menstrual-related migraines happen in more than 50 percent of women who have migraine headaches.Menstrual migraine attacks usually last longer than other migraine attacks, and short-term treatments do not work as well with menstrual migraine as they do in other kinds of migraine.
They are usually migraines without aura, but in 2012 a case of menstrual migraine with aura was reported, so it is possible.
Auras are a kind of condition which affect certain parts of the brain, usually the parts that control vision but they can also affect the parts of the brain which control the other senses like touch, motor control (moving parts of the body) and the parts of the brain that control speech.
Often, having one medical condition makes it more likely a person will also have one or more other medical or psychiatric disorders.
The estrogen level may fall after bleeding occurs during the menstrual cycle or when external sources of estrogen are no longer taken, like when a woman stops taking birth control pills or hormone pills in hormone replacement therapy.
The diagnosis of a menstrual migraine is made by keeping track of when the migraines occur for a period of at least three months.
Menstrually related migraine attacks occur usually between 2 days before and 3 days after the start of menstruation in at least 2 out of 3 menstrual cycles (periods) in a row.
Pure menstrual migraine and menstrually related migraine are both migraines without auras with one exceptionnally rare case with aura reported in 2012.
The answer to the first question has to be yes and there has to be at least one yes answer to either question 2 or question 3.
A person uses the headache diary to write down information about their headaches, like when they started, what kind of symptoms they had and how bad the pain was etc.
The lac à l'Épaule (English: shoulder lake) is a freshwater body crossed from north to south by the Rivière à l'Épaule, in Jacques-Cartier National Park.
This lake is located entirely in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Lac à l'Épaule watershed is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the cities of Quebec and Saguenay; this road goes to east of the lake.
The surface of Lac à l'Épaule is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Lac à l'Épaule is located on the west side of the Morency River course and on the east side of the course of the Jacques-Cartier River.
From the mouth of Lac à l'Épaule, the current of the rivière à l'Épaule goes down on towards the southwest to Jacques-Cartier River where it flows at the foot of the Épaule mountain.
Then the current descends on generally towards the south by borrowing the current from the Jacques-Cartier River to the northeast bank of the Saint-Laurent river.
Its meaning remains uncertain, however the main hypothesis considered describes that the shoulder (shoulder) could here designate a flat with a fairly gentle slope used to connect two valleys whose level differs.
This area was frequented in the 17th century by Jesuits who went, by a path traced by the Innu, to lac Saint-Jean.
This sector, on the outskirts of the settlers' settlements, has undergone some attempts to clear it, because abattis were spotted there in 1867.
Lac à l'Épaule hosted, in the summer of 1943, Sir Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, gathered in Quebec for an Allied conference.
A landmark event in contemporary history took place there in September 1962 and made the expression make, hold a shoulder-to-shoulder famous.
On January 13, individual teasers started to being released, starting with member Olivia Hye and ending with a group photo on January 19.
Kassem was born in Egypt and emigrated to the United States, leaving his immediate family of a wife and two children behind.
He became a naturalized American citizen and was working as an auto parts dealer and a cab driver in New York.
The night before Kassem was to return to the U.S., he went out to exchange money and shop when security officials detained him and his brother-in-law, accusing them of participating in the protests against the military takeover that were taking place in the country.
After being held, along with others who were arrested during the crackdown, for five years without any charges having been filed by the prosecuting authorities against him or the others, Kassem appeared as a co-defendant in a mass trial of some 700 people and was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for participating in unlawful acts of protest.
On the night between 13 and 14 January 2020, Kassem died from a heart attack induced by the hunger strike and his diabetic condition.
She was the youngest of three daughters of RIC sergeant, Patrick Mulchrone originally from County Mayo, and Mary Mulchrone (née Spain) from County Tipperary.
Mulchrone taught in a number of institutions, firstly as a Vocational Instructor in Irish with Westmeath County Council from 1925 to 1927, and then in Rathmines Vocational College from 1928 to 1938.
She taught at UCD as an assistant lecturer from 1931 to 1938, going on to work in the Irish Manuscripts Commission in the Royal Irish Academy (RIA) from 1928 to 1938.
Between 1926 and 1970, she authored or co-authored 14 of the 27 fascicles of the Catalogue of Irish Manuscripts in the RIA.
She was appointed professor of Old and Middle Irish and Celtic philology at University College Galway when then chair was created in 1938, delivering many of her lectures in modern Irish.
The girls' halfpipe event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
He won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 73 kg event in 2012 and the silver medal in the men's 73 kg event in 2016.
The men's decathlon event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 16 and 17 July 1987.
Dominique Petronella Margaret Collon (born 18 May 1940) is a Belgian-born academic, author, archaeologist and former curator at the British Museum in London who has worked and travelled extensively in the Near East in Syria, Turkey and Iraq.
In 1962 she was a student at the Institute of Archaeology in Oxford where she was studying for the Postgraduate Diploma in Western Asiatic Archaeology.
As an archaeologist Collon excavated in Turkey under her uncle who was the Director of the British Institute at Ankara; in Kültepe with Tahsin Özgüç in 1964; and with Seton Lloyd and Charles A. Burney at Kayalıdere in 1965.
From 1973 to 1976 Collon was in Tunis where she excavated the mosaics of Utica and other sites and prepared the reports for publication.
On her return to the United Kingdom she specialised in the study of the iconography displayed on ancient Mesopotamian and Anatolian cylinder seals.
Dr Collon was with the Department of Western Asiatic Antiquities (later Ancient Near East and later still Middle East) at the British Museum from 1964 to 1968, and again from 1977 to 1988; she gained a full-time position at the Museum as curator of Western Asiatic Antiquities from 1988 until her retirement in 2005; her retirement was marked by a symposium held at Magdalen College, Oxford in June 2005.
After he received his commission in the United States Navy, he completed his residency training at the Naval Postgraduate Dental School in 1994, and also earned a Master of Science in Health Sciences from George Washington University.
Pachuta is a member of the American College of Healthcare Executives, the American Dental Association, the Academy of Operative Dentistry, and the Academy of General Dentistry.
He is a fellow of the International College of Dentists and both a fellow and regent in the American College of Dentists.
Stephen Pachuta's military awards include the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, and other lower personal awards as well as unit awards and campaign medals.
He is authorized to wear the Fleet Marine Force Officer Insignia as well as the Surface Warfare Medical Department Officer Insignia.
In addition to his military honors, Pachuta has received multiple other awards: In 2011, he was awarded the Federal Health Care Executive Leadership Award For Excellence.
Additionally, he is also the recipient of the Outstanding Clinical Competency Award, the Restorative Dentistry and Removable Prosthodontics awards, and the Oral Medicine Award.
Penn alumnus George Orton, a bronze medalist in the steeplechase at the 1900 Summer Olympics, served as head coach for the program's second resurrection.
Caught Stealing is an American crime [[Action film|action [[thriller film]] directed by [[Wayne Kramer (filmmaker)|Wayne Kramer]] and produced by [[Marcus Chait]], [[James Carpinello]] and [[Patrick Wilson (American actor)|Patrick Wilson]] .
A year ago, all the players had high hopes for him, when he was in high school, he was the best baseball player of all the students at the center, and everything pointed to him going far.
However, his life suffered a different course than expected and, instead of a big fish, he ended up being an alcoholic who, without eating or drinking it, is caught in a dangerous vicious circle in New York City.
Marcus Chait, James Carpinello and Patrick Wilson are responsible for the position of producers and Paula Wagner is responsible for being an executive producer.
The women's 200 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 16 and 17 July 1987.
He sat briefly in the House of Commons from 1884 to 1885 at the Member of Parliament (MP) for Radnor (UK Boroughs).
Charles Philips (c.1703–1747) was an English artist known for painting a number of portraits and conversation pieces for noble and Royal patrons in the mid-eighteenth century.
George Vertue notes that 'in painting small figure portraits & conversations [which] has met with great encouragement amongst People of Fashion—even some of ye Royal Family'.
Throughout the 1730s these conversation pieces increased in complexity with the subjects becoming more numerous and engaging in more varied activities.
Following the example set by fellow painters of small scale conversation pieces such as Philippe Mercier and William Hogarth, Philips moved into the more lucrative field of portrait painting in the latter part of the decade.
In 1737 he reached the height of his career when he painted the Prince and Princess of Wales in a pair of full-length portraits.
The first, dated 1732, shows Frederick, Prince of Wales with members of 'La Table Ronde', and once hung at Carlton House.
The known body of his work can be dated entirely to the 1730s, with little known of his later life or any later work.
Shizuki apprenticed under Ryoei Motoki (who had translated and interpreted Copernicus's works) in Nagasaki, which at that time was a rare hub for Japanese intellectuals to obtain and discuss Western ideas.
Motoki and Shizuki collaborated on translations of Dutch scientific treatises, and helped introduce and popularize Newtonian mechanics to Japanese scholars, as well as ideas about planetary motion and calendrics ultimately derived from Copernicus and Johannes Kepler.
Shizuki's commentaries draw heavily from John Keill's, though Shizuki also generated his own ideas in his commentaries, and sought to reconcile Western philosophies of science with traditional Confucian metaphysical ideas.
Several of the Japanese terms that Shizuki used in translating Newtonian mechanical ideas, including those for gravity and centripetal force, were adopted into the Japanese scientific lexicon and remain in common use.
Rhona Valerie Rapoport (29 January 1927 - 24 November 2011) was an South African social scientist known for her research into work-life balance Rapoport 60 years of research and writing focused on work, life, gender, equity and diversity.
She completed an undergraduate degree in social sciences at the University of Cape Town in 1946, and a PhD in sociology at the London School of Economics and trained to be a psychoanalyst at the London Institute of Psychoanalysis.
She was a consultant for two decades at the Ford Foundation She worked at the Centre for Gender in Organisations at the Simmons Graduate School of Management in Boston during the 1990s.
They moved to work with the Tavistock Institute in London and Rhona was also the Director of the Institute of Family and Environmental Research in London.
Rhona's approach brought together the worlds of psychology and sociology in order to explore the connection between home and work life.
Rapoport's research appeared at a time when business and governments were trying to address inequalities in the workplace, and helped to develop policies and legislation.
Her work at the Ford Foundation moved to address the 'worklife' balance issue raising this issue and developing understanding and leading to greater flexibility in many different counties.
Working with her husband, they started to challenge the separation of paid work and family work and it gets done by both men and women.
Much later this developed into views on how personal-life considerations need to be acknowledge within the workplace to balance and a better quality of life.
The mixed team ski jumping event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 20 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
Launched in 1999, it works as a live answer community for people to get answers to their questions over the phone and online.
Launched in 1999, it received early stage funding, including $60 million in 2000 from a team of investors including Benchmark Capital, eBay, and Microsoft.
By the end of its first year, it had received a total of $109 million and was the fastest growing company in the e-commerce sector.
Zerah C. Whipple (1 September 1849–12 September 1879) was a Rogerene American Christian pacifist, war tax resister, and developer of educational methods for the deaf.
In the Summer of 1874, Whipple was jailed by the Ledyard, Connecticut tax collector, Christopher Gallup, for his refusal to pay a military tax (in this case, a fine assessed on men who did not participate in the state militia).
After several days, a stranger who had heard about the case paid the tax and costs in order to have Whipple released.
Whipple's grandfather Jonathan Whipple had also been threatened with arrest many years before, for the same reason (refusal either to serve in or pay a fine to the militia for reasons of conscientious objection to war), but in his case the threat was not carried through.
The letters in this alphabet were schematic representations of the position and motion of the vocal organs when pronouncing the sound.
In 1873, Whipple unsuccessfully petitioned U.S. president Ulysses S. Grant to commute the death sentences of prisoners captured in the Modoc War.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 1994.
Iñaki Peña Sotorres (born 2 March 1999) is a Spanish footballer who is the goalkeeper for the FC Barcelona B team.
Active in filmmaking since 2010, he has conducted workshops in cinematography and filmmaking at the K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts, the National Institute of Technology Calicut and at Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University.
He is also the founder of the Light Source Photographic Society and the Minimal Cinema film commune, and a director of the New Wave Film School.
In January 2020, the former took the 'non-theatrical distribution' route, releasing at the Open Screen, a revolutionary tiny theatre that screens low-budget indie films.
The Pamir alpine desert and tundra ecoregion (WWF ID:PA1014) covers the high plateau of the Pamir Mountains, at the central meeting of the great mountain ranges of Central Asia: Himalaya, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, Kunlun, and Tian Shan.
It is a region of relatively high biodiversity due to its central location and high elevation differentials, but it also acts as a barrier between the climate and habitats of north and south Asia.
The ecoregion is mostly located in the eastern region of Tajikistan, on a high plateau with broad valleys and steeply-sloping mountains.
Major mountain ranges radiate outwards: the Tian Shan to the northeast, Hindu Kush to the west, Karakoram to the south and Himalyas to the south and east.
The Pamir also sit in the middle of different climates and habitats: the Alai woodlands to the west and north, and the dry Tarim Basin to the east.
Several notable species of mammals inhabit the area, including the vulnerable Snow leopard, the endangered Himalayan brown bear subspecies, the near-endangered Marco Polo sheep, and various other types of sheep and goats.
Stop Funding Fake News (SFFN) is an organisation campaigning to stop funding of fake news on websites by targeting the advertisers to such sites.
The campaign was instigated by a small group of friends inspired by the success of Sleeping Giants in the United States convincing several advertisers not place adverts on the Breitbart website on the basis of disinformation from the site spreading divisiveness.
In October 2019, it was noted SFFN had identified advertisements for tours of the Houses of Parliament have been hosted on right-wing fake news websites.
The story reinforces the importance of living in the present and not in the past, a mistake a lot of characters make, especially Artur and Carolina.
He has no idea who he is, what he's doing there or what happened to him, he can't even remember how his face looks like.
The plot thickens even further when Arthur returns home and everyone realizes that despite the time passed, he hasn't aged a single day.
Carolina has spent the last eight years in a coma after being in a car accident in which her husband was driving.
The doctors don't believe she would ever wake up and wanted to disconnect her from the machines that kees her alive, but neither her husband or her sister allowed it.
Artur and Carolina feel completely lost in the world they wake up, having many questions to answer and struggling to leave the past behind.
Both companies found it very difficult to adapt to the post war economic situation and by 1923 Clayton and Shuttleworth's Eastern European trade had shrunk to 6% of its pre-War level.
After the war, Philip Warwick Robson, the chairman of Clayton and Shuttleworth, oversaw the reorganisation of the firm, and the new company Clayton Wagons Ltd was created.
A prospectus for the new company was issued in April 1920 and one million pounds in shares, split between preference shares and ordinary shares, were issued.
Shareholders were promised that the turnover would be £1.5 million a year and the buildings and equipment, which had been largely purchased with Government funding during the war, was valued at £696,000, and was of the most modern type.
It was noted that the sale of steam motor vehicles was likely to be very successful and that over 1,000 had been manufactured since 1912 and that Abbey Works was already equipped for railway carriage and rolling stock production, for which there was a worldwide demand.
The second year was not so successful, but there were further orders for Pullman Cars, The report and balance-sheet showed a trading profit for the year of 48,909, but £39,725 had been written off stocks, and a loss of £417,831 had to be carried forward, no dividends being declared on either Preference or Ordinary share capital.
Mr. P. W. Robson, the Chairman of the Company, in moving the adoption of the report, said that in spite of the unsatisfactory effect of the year's workings, he had no reason to alter the view he expressed last year that, under anything approaching normal conditions, the results justified the fullest confidence in the Company.
It had to be recognised that the industrial crisis had gone from bad to worse in most branches of engineering, and especially in the heavy trades.
In October 1925 the capitalisation of Clayton Wagons had been written down to half a million pounds and no dividends had been paid on the shares.The production of Dewandre Servo brakes had commenced in the Titanic works and were being used in Daimler and other motor cars.
The fact that profit of over £20,700 was made, compared with £728 in 1925, is clear proof that with normal conditions existing in the industrial field, further progress is assured.
However, the Company’s trade did not pick up and a group of petitioners applied for the voluntary liquidation at the Companies Winding-up Court, but this was dismissed.
Clayton wagons were also building oil tank wagons for Shell-Mex and tank wgons were also exported for use by the Egyptian State Railway and South African Railways.
Three of the Pullman coaches which were manufactured for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1922 still survive and two of these are under restoration at the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway.
The company took over the motor engineering business of Clayton Wagons in the Titanic Works, together with certain plant of Clayton & Shuttleworth.
The first Company report was issued in December 1929 and showed a profit of £16,694.The success and profitability of the business rose rapidly and by the 8th company report in 1937 an 8% dividend was being paid on the shares.
Richard Duckering Ltd. of the Waterside Works, Lincoln then undertook to supply spares for railcars and shunting locomotives, but this was to pass to Stanley Reid Devlin, who had been Chief Draughtsman at Clayton Wagons, who in 1931 founded the Clayton Equipment Company, who still operate from the Centrum Business Park in Burton upon Trent https://claytonequipment.co.uk/].
Niamh Fisher-Black (born 12 August 2000) is a New Zealand professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team .
In 2018, Dominica requested a waiver on membership fees for OAS, $25,000, due to the damage from the hurricane season of 2017.
Trinidad and Tobago's delagation to OAS rejected Dominica's request for a waiver, the only country at OAS to reject it, severely destroying ties between the two island nations.
Antoine Colassin (born 26 February 2001) is a Belgian footballer who currently plays for Anderlecht in the Belgian First Division A.
The 2020 Quebec Tankard the Quebec men's provincial curling championship was held from January 19 to 26 at the Arèna de Salaberry in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec.
Hilary Joan Arnold Godwin (born December 1, 1967) is a Professor in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Washington and the Dean of the School of Public Health.
She was inspired to become a scientist by her family and Jane Goodall, a primatologist who studied chimpanzee behaviour in the 1960s.
She earned an undergraduate degree in chemistry at the University of Chicago in 1989, where she was part of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.
She was the first woman to be hired into a tenure-track position, and in 2004 was the first woman to be made Chair of the Chemistry Department.
In the collar counties of Chicago, houses were built before the federal government of the United States passed a law banning lead paint.
Godwin became concerned about the levels of lead in her family home, and particularly the risk that her son would suffer from lead poisoning.
She showed that the mechanism by which lead modifies the function of proteins occurs through the displacement of zinc and calcium.
This observation is of particular relevance for understanding how lead poisoning impacts children, as zinc binding proteins are of important in child development.
Godwin acted as Associate Dean in the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health from 2008 to 2011 and again from 2014 to 2018.
In 2018 Godwin was elected Dean of the University of Washington School of Public Health, and started the position in July 15.
In this capacity she has led open public health forums, including discussions about the relationship between public health and homelessness, and connected various stakeholders to the University of Washington Population Health Initiative.
Whilst at Northwestern University Godwin was awarded $1 million from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute program to support students move between high school and college.
She was particularly involved with initiatives that assessed lead poisoning in Chicago's soils, which inspired her focus her research in public health.
The men's 200 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 16 and 17 July 1987.
She worked as a cook for President Thomas Jefferson at the White House and was chief cook at Jefferson's estate, Monticello.
Although her husband, Joseph Fossett, was freed in Thomas Jefferson's will, she and their ten children were put up for auction in 1827.
Edith had a brother, Thursten, who was also trained by Mr. Julien at the White House and was then owned by Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Jefferson's grandson.
Jefferson, who was Minister to France from 1784 to 1789, enjoyed French cuisine, but employing a French chef was financially out of reach for him.
Jefferson therefore had French chefs train a few enslaved people to cook for him, starting with James Hemings who became his head chef at Hôtel de Langeac, his residence in Paris.
When Thomas Jefferson was President, he brought Edith and Fanny to Washington, D.C. in 1802 where they learned to cook at the President's House.
She worked in Washington for nearly seven years and gave birth to three children while at the President's House: James, Maria, and a child who did not survive to adulthood.
Fossett returned to Monticello in 1809 at the end of Jefferson's presidential term and became the chief cook, where she cooked for 12 to 25 people each day and up to 57 people during special occasions.
Edith and Fanny regularly cooked for Martha Jefferson Randolph and her children, Anna Scott Marks and her three children, and Jefferson.
Coffee beans were roasted, hot chocolate made from blocks of hard chocolate, dinners were made with three or four meats and fish, and every meal had four desserts.
To plan their menus, the women met with the enslaved head gardner, Wormley Hughes, to determine what was fresh or soon to come in from the berry patches, vegetable gardens, and the orchards.
In the summer of 1806, while Jefferson was visiting Monticello and Edith was in Washington, Joseph received word that there was disturbing news at the White House.
On July 29, 1806, Joseph escaped from Monticello and Jefferson thought that he may have been headed towards Washington, D.C. to be with Edith.
Slaves did not generally receive pay at Monticello, but as a manager of the blacksmith shop, Joseph received a percentage of the shop's profits.
He made tools for local farmers, shod horses, and made all the metal parts for a carriage designed in 1814 by Thomas Jefferson.
The Fossett, Bell, and Scott families were only able to come up with enough money for Edith and two children at that time.
Joseph, with the help of his mother, Mary Hemings Bell, freed Edith, five of their children, and four grandchildren in 1837.
The Tifft Nature Preserve is a 264 acre nature preserve in Buffalo, New York, and one of the largest municipal nature preserves in New York.
The land was purchased in the 1970s by the City of Buffalo for a new landfill In 1973, 2,000,000 cubic yards of refuse was transferred from Squaw Island and spread across the Tifft lands.
Public access is provided by five miles of nature trails and three boardwalks with viewing blinds in and adjacent to the cattail marsh.
Born in the village of Qzyltu in the Kokshetau Region of Kazakh SSR, Madinov graduated from the Omsk State University in 1988.
On 22 November 2006, at the 7th All-Congress of the Agrarian Party, a decision was made to incorporate the party into Otan.
In the beginning of 2007, Madinov was interviewed by Khabar television channel and said that President Nursultan Nazarbayev should be given the opportunity to rule as much as he wants.
On 4 July 2007, at the XI Extraordinary Congress of Nur Otan, Madinov was elected to the bureau of the party’s Political Council.
On 16 January 2009, a judge of the Medeu District Court of Almaty, Ruslan Suleymanov, ruled on a lawsuit by Madinov about infringing on his honor and dignity against the opposition newspaper Tasjargan and its journalist Almas Kusherbaev.
The Almaty City Court's appeal on the newspaper and it's journalist not only cancel the decision of the district court, but also increased the amount of payment in favor of Madinov to 30 million tenge.
According to the advocates of the newspaper and the journalist, the content of the article was about the economic feasibility of raising the price of bread, and it was debatable, analytical in nature with the hypotheses and methods characteristic of this genre in order to draw attention to the problem in question, and not to Madinov’s persona.
He is the 2018 International Challenge Cup champion, 2017 Ice Challenge bronze medalist, 2014 NRW Trophy bronze medalist, and 2019 French national bronze medalist.
He would compete at a total of four JGP events, achieving his best result (6th) at JGP France in August 2014.
During an exhibition gala in early August 2018, Tesson cut an artery in his wrist with his skate blade when he fell on a jump.
JóiPé & Króli are an Icelandic hip hop duo consisting of Jóhannes Damian Patreksson (born 2000) and Kristinn Óli Haraldsson (born 1999).
They had the best selling album in Iceland in 2018 and won the 2018 Icelandic Music Awards for hip hop album of the year and hip hop song of the year.
Academset (, Academic Network), or All-Union Academic network — was a computer network for providing digital connection of scientific and civil institutions across the USSR, that was established in 1974.
After dissolution of the Soviet Union it was re-created under the name ROKSON (РОКСОН), and nowadays its extant components may be considered as a local area network within the Runet and the Internet.
In 1947 in Leningrad, at the Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, a computing subdivision was established that was entitled Leningrad Computing Center (ЛВЦ/LVC) of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (АН СССР/AN SSSR).
The main goal of LVC was the creation of the Computing Center for Collective Use (ВЦКП/VCKP) for staff of all of the institutions (over 40) of the Leningrad Scientific Center (ЛНЦ/LNC).
It was proven effective, that was specially remarked by AN SSSR and the authorities of the city and the country, and by the end of 1977 the VCKP was used by over 15 city's scientific institutions, that exploited computer performance of the Center.
Following that, the Presidium of the AN SSSR asked the Government of the Soviet Union to convert LVC into the Leningrad Research Computer Center (ЛНИВЦ/LNIVC) that was founded on January 19, 1978.
The grant was for knight-service of one knight and was in exchange for the manor of Great Coxwell, Berkshire, which had been granted to him previously but the grant was deemed compromised.
Eaton had been held at the time of William the Conqueror by the latter's uterine half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, but later escheated to the crown.
Saint Kitts and Nevis-Trinidad and Tobago relations refers to the bilateral relations between Saint Kitts and Nevis and Trinidad and Tobago.
Both nations share close ties due to being former colonies of the British Empire with similar demographics and being in the Caribbean.
St. Kitts and Nevis exported 2.17 Million dollars worth of goods to Trinidad in 2017, making Trinidad one of the largest export partners.
Beeney entered PDC Q-School in January 2020 and won his Tour Card on the third day by beating Jarred Cole 5–4 in the final round, after surviving match darts.
However, this rescue turns into an unexpected captivity and an unfair fight for the custody of a child, since he is forced to marry another woman.
The plot, which takes place between Lisbon and a Maghreb country features a love among different beliefs and traditions that will always be affected by a terror attack.
Leitinger entered PDC Q-School in January 2020 and won his Tour Card on the first day by beating Martijn Kleermaker 5–4 in the final round.
He began his studies at the National Conservatory of Music of Mexico under the guidance of pianist Ana Eugenia González Gallo at the same time began his organ studies with Fernando Palacios and Rodrigo Treviño.
He has also received training courses with Austrian organist Matthias Giesen, Brazilian organist Domitila Ballesteros, harpsichord with Guido Morini, Stéphane Fuget, Dan Tidhar and conductor with Italian director Jacopo Sipari di Pescasseroli, Paulo Vassalo Lourenço, directors Mexicans Enrique Diemecke and Eduardo Diazmuñoz.
At the age of 13 he receives the appointment of titular organist in the Church of Our Lady of Fatima in Tlalnepantla de Baz to date.
Since 2014 he has been the secondary organist of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Tlalnepantla, being the Metropolitan Archbishop in turn Mgr.
During the visit of Pope Francis to Mexico in 2014, he was selected as a member of the choir for Mass celebrated in Ecatepec, with the Symphony Orchestra of the State of Mexico under the direction of Enrique Bátiz.
He is currently the director of the Schola Cantorum ¨Misericordies Domini¨, founded by him in order to promote art, choral singing and culture in the State of Mexico and the northern part of Mexico City, being the first Schola Cantorum of Metropolitan Cathedral of Tlalnepantla since the Archdiocese of Tlalnepantla was erected.
The 1983 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Sicilian Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix.
Kyeremeh made his proofessional debut for Caen in a 5-0 Coupe de France loss to Montpellier HSC on 19 January 2020.
The men's discus throw event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 17 July 1987.
The Infante Dom Henrique Bridge (), commonly known as Infante Bridge (), is a road bridge across the Douro River in Greater Porto, Portugal.
The bridge was constructed as a replacement for the upper deck of the Dom Luís I Bridge that was closed to vehicle traffic in 2003 to allow for its conversion to the D Line of the Porto Metro.
In 2017, Murray had the misfortune of having Michael van Gerwen hit two nine-dart finishes against him in the same match during a UK Open Qualifier.
Murray entered PDC Q-School in January 2020 and won his Tour Card on the fourth day by finishing second on the UK Q-School Order of Merit.
Building Back Better (BBB) is an approach to post-disaster recovery aimed at increasing the resilience of nations and communities to future disasters and shocks.
The Build Back Better approach integrates disaster risk reduction measures into the restoration of physical infrastructure, social systems, and shelter and into the revitalization of livelihoods, economies, and the environment.
As a guiding principle uniting post-disaster recovery with sustainable development, it was adopted by the UN Member States as one of four priorities for disaster risk reduction in the Sendai Framework.
The concept of building back better has its roots in the improvement of land use, spatial planning, and construction standards through the recovery process.
The concept has broadened to represent a broader opportunity, to not just restore what was damaged or lost to the impact of disasters, but to build greater resilience in recovery by systematically addressing the root causes of vulnerability.
Recently reports such as the Triple Dividend of Resilience, and the World Bank report Building Back Better: Achieving resilience through stronger, faster, and more inclusive post-disaster reconstruction have estimated the benefits quantitatively in terms of losses avoided - as much as USD $173 billion per year, or 31 percent of well-being losses can be avoided.
During recovery, the state government established the Odisha State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA) to help facilitate building back better though programs such as adding over 1,500 km of new evacuation roads, 30 bridges to better connect vulnerable communities, and 200 km of improvements to existing coastal embankments.
When Odisha was hit by another powerful cyclone (Phailin) in 2013, 50 people lost their lives, but it was less than 1 % of the prior event's toll.
In Madagascar, farmers benefited as much as 4.5 times of income after the risk of flooding was reduced through watershed protection in Mantadia National Park.
Furthermore, in India, following the 2001 Gujarat earthquake, the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) set up learning centers for local women to make recovery faster and less painful, including tools, techniques and information about government schemes.
cost of rock walls/km) by maintaining the mangrove swamps intact for storm protection and flood control, it has also lowered temperature in the area.
In support of countries and communities in implementing Priority Four, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction has issued a volume of its Words into Action guidelines for building back better.
While there can be no standardized blueprint for building back better, the guidelines instead offer step-by-step guidance on developing disaster recovery frameworks, pre-disaster recovery planning, and post-disaster needs assessment - steps viewed as critical enablers to faster, more efficient, and more effective recovery.
The MLA lost American Library Association chapter representation status in 1962 as a result of not complying with ALA policies requiring integrated library associations.
However, they were honored by the ALA for their National Library Week activities in 1964, and integrated as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The West London School of Art founded in either 1861 or 1862 as the Marylebone and West London School of Art, was an educational establishment in London, England.
The school worked with the Government Department of Science and Art in South Kensington and offered lessons including architectural and life drawing.
The school began at a building in Wells Street and had 59 pupils in May 1862, reaching a peak for the site of 125 in February 1863.
In 1867, the West London school came third behind schools in Edinburgh and Glasgow in the number of prizes awarded for works sent to South Kensington for examination.
On 23 January 1880, the school moved to new premises at 155, Great Titchfield street, where it was described as one of the six largest art schools in the kingdom.
In March 1886, correspondence between Mr Patterson of the West London school and the Sunderland School of Science and Art identified a significant fall in pupil numbers.
The number of students continued to decline into the late 1880s and the school was absorbed into the larger Regent Street Polytechnic in around 1889.
The Polytechnic's art department later separated and merged with the Chelsea Polytechnic in 1964 to form the Chelsea School of Art.
Penhall entered Q-School in January 2020 and won his Tour Card on the fourth day by finishing eleventh on the UK Q-School Order of Merit.
In 2018, Saint Lucia started their summer festival in Trinidad due to trinidad sending the most amount of tourists to Saint Lucia's Summer Festival.
Several business owners in Saint Lucia have wanted a complete ban on certain Trinidadian products such as soft drinks due to their threat to indigenous business.
The 2012 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the sixth edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom.
A right-arm roundarm fast bowler, Belcher took 20 wickets at an average of 20.57, with best figures of 4 for 22.
He initially taught at the Hereford Cathedral School for two years, and for seven years thereafter he was the senior assistant master at Malvern College.
Gordon and two other sons, Harold and Raymond were killed in the First World War, while his son Arthur was the headmaster of Brighton College in 1933.
The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein which is thought to transport small molecules and since this protein is conserved among several species, it is suggested to have a fundamental role in mammalian systems.
The Momentary is a contemporary art museum and event space in Bentonville, Arkansas and operates as a satellite of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.
The growth of the Crystal Bridges collection led to the decision to look for a location to more permanently and prominently feature contemporary art as the original Crystal Bridges facility did not have adequate space for this need.
Nurse Sherri is a 1978 American supernatural horror film directed by Al Adamson and starring Jill Jacobson, Geoffrey Land, and Marilyn Joi.
The film is also known under such titles as The Possession of Nurse Sherri and Black Voodoo, as well as Beyond the Living, Hospital of Terror, Killer's Curse, and Hands of Death.
On November 6, 2018, Goesling won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 5, seat A. Goesling defeated Margaret R. Gannon with 51.0% of the votes.
The 2020 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
They played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and competed as members of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference.
In 2013, together with Kirsten Sheridan and John Carney, he established The Factory, a multi-purpose space focusing on film production, in Dublin's docklands.
Murat Willis Williams (1919, Richmond, Virginia-March 31, 1994 Charlottesville, Virginia) was an American Career Foreign Service officer who was Ambassador to El Salvador from 1961 to 1964.
A graduate of the University of Virginia and a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford for three years, Williams served as a lieutenant commander in the Navy during World War II before joining the Foreign Service.
Prior to her appointment to the Supreme Court Bench, there were allegations that her promotion was a reward rather than a justified appointment as she was a member of the committee that recommended that the chair of the Electoral Commission and her deputies be removed.
She started middle school in 1964 at the Roman Catholic Girls Middle school in Ho but moved a year later to Atibie Methodist Middle School in Atibie, Kwahu.
She spent a year there as well before joining L/A Presby 'B' Extension Middle School in Koforidua where she obtained her Middle School Leaving Certificate in 1966.
She begun her secondary education at Awudome Secondary School in Tsito and continued at OLA Girls Secondary School, Ho in 1969.
In 2007 she pursued a master's degree program in International Relations at the Commonwealth Open University, British Virgin Islands, United Kingdom (Long Distance Learning) graduating in 2010.
Agnes worked as a national service personnel at the National Council on Women and Development at Koforidua from 1977 to 1978.
After she was called to tha bar in November 1980, she joined the Attorney General's Department as an assistant state attorney until January 1983.
A month later, she moved to Nigeria on a contract appointment to work with the Minister of Justice at Calabar, Cross River State as a state council.
Prior to her elevation to the Court of Appeal in July 2010, she was appointed by the Commonwealth Secretariat on the secondment of the Judiciary of Ghana to serve as a High Court judge in The Gambia.
Agnes was nominated together with three other judges (Samuel Marful-Sau, Justice Professor Nii Ashie Kotey and Justice Nene Amegatcher) by the president of Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo in 2018.
After the names were sent to parliament, there were claims that her appointment and the appointment of Justice Samuel Marful-Sau were rewards and not justified as their promotions occurred after they (Justice Samuel Marful-Sau and Justice Agnes Dordzie) recommended that Electoral Commission Chair, Mrs. Charlotte Osei and her deputies be removed from office.
The government however dismissed these claims claiming the nominations were in consultation with the Council of State and based on the advice of the Judicial Council.
The floor slopes towards the stage, the more expensive seats bring on a raised platform at the back of the building.
The 25 feet deep stage and three dressing rooms allowed it to be used as a theatre for variety acts etc in the 1930s.
Japan pledged US$2.3 Million to Fiji to assist Fijians recovering from natural disasters and has allowed members of the Fijian Military to come to Japan to train on how to operate medical equipment and perform humanitarian operations.
Volodymyr Anatolyevich Bidyovka (; born 7 March 1981) is a Ukrainian politician and is currently serving as Chairman of the People's Soviet of the secessionist Donetsk People's Republic.
He represented the party from 2010-2012 as a member of Donetsk Regional Council and in 2012 represented it as an MP.
After failing to gain a seat in the 2014 election, he moved to regions controlled by the Donetsk People's Republic, where he was elected to its legislature in November 2014.
Bidyovka was also on a list of persons designated by the European Union as being involved in illegal elections and had financial sanctions imposed against.
Mir Ahmad Bin Quasem Arman (), also known as Mir Ahmad, is a Bangladeshi born British-trained barrister and human rights activist.
He is a victim of enforced disappearance and is believed to have been abducted by security forces of the government of Bangladesh.
He is the son of late Mir Quasem Ali, a prominent leader of the opposition Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, and was a member of his father's legal defence team before his abduction.
He completed his Bar Vocational Course (BVC) from Inns of Court School of Law (ICSL) and was called to the Bar of England and Wales, becoming Barrister.
At the time of his abduction in 2016, Mir Ahmad was representing his father Mir Quasem Ali as part of the latter's defence team in the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) of Bangladesh set up in 2010.
Mir Ahmad was reportedly snatched from in front of his family members at his house in Mirpur, Dhaka during the night on 9 August 2016.
According to a statement by Mir Ahmad's lawyers on the occasion of the third anniversary of his abduction, a group of 8 or 9 men entered Mir Ahmad's apartment at 11 pm on 9th August, 2016, and demanded his whereabouts from his family.
He was given 5 minutes with his family after which the men stormed into the apartment, and Mir Ahmad was pulled and grabbed away from his family, and dragged down the stairs and out of the house.
The same statement states that Mir Ahmad had been previously visited and questioned by several members of Rapid Action Battalion earlier on 5 August, 2016.
Several international human rights organizations including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have reported on his abduction and called for his release.
Mr. Rizvi assured that investigations into all allegations of enforced disappearance would be carried out, and that he would personally assist in Mir Ahmad’s case.
David Bergman, in an investigative report written for The Wire, has claimed that Mir Ahmad may have been abducted on direct orders of Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
Mir Ahmad's case also made international headlines when Channel 4 news presenter Alex Thomson asked Hampstead and Kilburn MP Tulip Siddique, the niece of the Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, whether she would use her influence with the Bangladeshi government to help free Mir Ahmad in Bangladesh.
The Robert Morris Colonials women represented Robert Morris University in CHA women's ice hockey during the 2018-19 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
The Colonials won their third consecutive regular season title, but lost in the CHA Tournament Championship 6-2 to the Syracuse Orange.
Irene Sharp Rubin (born May 3, 1945) is an American political scientist, currently a Professor Emerita of Public Administration at Northern Illinois University.
She researches the politics of public budgeting at various levels of American government, and she has written methodological texts on how to conduct and analyze research interviews.
Rubin received a BA in East Asia studies in 1967 at Barnard College, followed by an MA in East Asia studies in 1969 from Harvard University.
From 1976 until 1979, Rubin was a professor of sociology at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois, where she was also Director of Urban Career Studies.
In 1979 she became a professor at the University of Maryland Institute for Urban Studies, before moving to Northern Illinois University in 1981 where she remained as a professor of political science and public administration for the rest of her career.
During this time, she published articles across prominent urban affairs and public administration journals, as well as being an author or editor of 8 books.
The book introduces students to the concept of obtaining and analysing data from qualitative interviews, and describes methodological approaches for obtaining high-quality data from interviews.
She also received the James L. Blum Award for distinguished service in budgeting from the American Association for Budget and Program Analysis, and several best paper awards from flagship journals.
In 2019, Rubin was listed as the 13th most cited active emeritus political scientist at an American university in a citation analysis by Kim and Grofman.
Bryan Bagunas (born October 10, 1997) is a Filipino volleyball player who plays for Oita Miyoshi Weisse Adler and the Philippine national team.
Bagunas played for the men's volleyball team of the National University (NU) at the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).
He helped NU win the UAAP Seasons 80 and 81 men's volleyball titles and was also named the Finals MVP for both seasons.
He was also a three-time Best Server (from UAAP Season 79 to 81) and the UAAP Attacker and Season MVP for Season 81.
Bagunas also represented NU at the 2018 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference, where he aided the team's title win over the University of Santo Tomas and was also named as the 1st Best Outside Spiker and Finals MVP.
Elena at the 2018 Premier Volleyball League Open Conference where Bagunas was named the 2nd Best Outside Spiker and Conference MVP.
He had limited time to train with his national team teammates since he simultaneously had to fulfill his obligations to participate in a training camp with his Japanese club, Oita Miyoshi.
Despite of this, the national team was able to secure a finals appearance in 42 years and clinch a silver medal finish after losing to Indonesia in the final.
When the tour was over, the delegates of the Suffrage Special visited Congress where they presented petitions for women's suffrage they had collected on their journey.
The Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage started planning a tour of woman's clubs in the Western United States in Spring of 1916.
Since most of the states that had passed the women's vote were in the West, the idea was to recruit and use the voices of women voters from these states to speak for national women's suffrage.
Abby Scott Baker, Alva Belmont, Harriet Stanton Blatch, Lucy Burns, Florence Bayard Hilles and Inez Milholland were famous at the time.
Before the Suffrage Special left Washington, D.C., there was a farewell luncheon with speakers and music held at the headquarters for the Congressional Union.
The suffragists had planned a parade from Union Station, proceeding to a reception at the Congressional Union headquarters in the Stevens building.
There was a public reception at the Chicago Art Institute that evening and the next day, Governor Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne met with the suffragists in the name of the state of Illinois.
There was a night meeting in Wichita and on April 14, the Suffrage Special stopped at Newton, Hutchinson, Emporia and Dodge City, Kansas.
In Tucson, the suffragists were given a tour of the city and spoke at a luncheon and then at a banquet in the city.
The train arrived in Phoenix, Arizona on April 21, where Dr. Marian Walker Williams welcomed them at a luncheon at the Adams Hotel.
Clara Shortridge Foltz met them at the station with a dozen women and took the group to the Alexandria Hotel for a reception.
Women in Los Angeles were not excited about the mission of the delegates and were not overly supportive of the formation of another party.
In San Francisco, the Suffrage Special arrived on April 26 and were welcomed by the mayor's secretary, Edward Rainey and later met with Mayor James Rolph.
Like women in Los Angeles, women in Nevada were not very supportive of the idea of forming a new women's party.
The train stopped in Sacramento in the morning on April 28, during which time the delegates attended a luncheon which included 1,500 invitees.
In Oregon, a resolution had been passed by both men and women which criticized Congress for not passing an amendment for national women's suffrage.
The delegates were met at the train depot, taken on a trip in the city and gave speeches, ending the first day with a mass meeting.
Another event that took place with the group in Spokane was the planting of a tree in memory of the suffragist May Arkwright Hutton.
There was a mass meeting in Helena, Montana, and while Elizabeth Selden Rogers was speaking, the lights went out but Rogers continued with her speech.
Afterwards, they drove through the business district and went on to the city's auditorium for speeches, rallying the women to support a national suffrage amendment.
In Butte, Spokie, the dog was kidnapped and taken into a saloon, where the men thought the women would not dare to go.
After breakfast at the hotel, they were guests of the First Presidency and entertained by an organ recital at the Tabernacle.
The next day, a business session was held at Hotel Utah and farewell demonstrations at Pioneer Park followed in the afternoon.
On May 14, the train stopped for three hours in St. Joseph, Missouri for dinner and a meeting at the Scottish Rite Cathedral.
Legislators were surrounded by a rope held by a hundred women and around them, a ring of yellow ribbon was held by the girls.
In June of 1916, the women involved with the Suffrage Special held a Woman's Party Convention in Chicago and created the National Woman's Party (NWP).
Spokie, or Spokane, the adopted stray dog who accompanied the delegates went with Helen Todd to New York after the trip.
The 1982 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Sicilian Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix.
Faxon served in the Michigan Constitutional Convention of 1961 and 1962, He also served in the Michigan House of Representatives from the 15th district from 1965 to 1971 and in the Michigan Senate from 1971 to 1995.
The 2019–20 Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball team represent Northern Illinois University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Huskies, led by 9th-year head coach Mark Montgomery, play their home games at the Convocation Center in DeKalb, Illinois as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference.
The Huskies finished the 2018–19 season 17–17 overall, 8–10 in MAC play to finish in fourth place in the West Division.
7 seed in the MAC Tournament, they defeated Ohio in the first round, upset Toledo in the quarterfinals, before falling to Bowling Green in the semifinals.
Jack Sanders (March 10, 1917 – October 26, 1991) was an American football guard who played for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
After playing college football for SMU, he was drafted by the New York Giants in the 17th round of the 1939 NFL Draft.
He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1940 to 1942, before enlisting in the United States Marine Corps during World War II.
He fought in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a first lieutenant in March 1945, and had part of his left arm amputated due to injuries sustained from an explosion while testing underwater demolitions.
On August 17, 1945, he signed a contract with the Philadelphia Eagles, and became the first World War II disabled veteran to sign an NFL contract.
In the first game of the season, against the Green Bay Packers, the United States Armed Forces paid to send 22,000 amputees to the game to watch Sanders play.
Sanders became the line coach for the Trinity University football team in 1946, but the school did not field a team that season due to budgetary limitations.
On October 10, 1947, he was named temporary head coach of the team to allow previous head coach and athletic director Bob Coe to spend more time overseeing the entire athletic department.
Sanders resigned as head coach on January 4, 1949, and accepted a position as an assistant superintendent of a construction company.
On August 29, 1966, Sanders announced his application to the NFL in a bid to be awarded the ownership of an expansion New Orleans franchise as the 16th NFL team.
He said that if the New Orleans franchise were selected and awarded to him, he would enlist 30,000 minority owners and own 52% of the team himself.
William G. Helis Jr., Herman Lay, John W. Mecom Jr., Louis J. Roussel Jr., Sanders, and Edgar B. Stern Jr. were the six bidders for the franchise.
In 2011, the school was nominated by the Texas Education Agency to be a blue-ribbon school based on their improvements in math over the past five years.
On June 7, 2016, the agriculture building at the school caught on fire, which started when a construction crew was working on the building.
She went on to work in the private sector including at Safeway Inc. and was the President of Kathryn Hall Vineyards, Inc., and of Walt Management, Inc., an inner-city housing and development company.
Rodrigo Gómez de Traba, also called Ruy Gómez de Trastámara ( 1201–1260), was a Galician nobleman of the House of Traba.
He was the third son of Count Gómez González de Traba and his second wife, Miraglia, daughter of Count Ermengol VII of Urgell.
On 18 May 1201, Gómez González gave half of the church of Santo Tomé to the nearby monastery of Villanueva de Lorenzana and his sons Velasco and Rodrigo confirmed the donation.
By the 1220s, he was one of only three Galician or Leonese magnates to regularly attend Alfonso's diminished court at a time when it was dominated by Pedro and Martim Sanches, the illegitimate sons of King Sancho I of Portugal.
From the 1220s, Rodrigo also held the royal fiefs of Trastámara and Monteroso, which his father had also held on behalf of the crown.
He did not, however, receive his father's old fief of Sarria, which was also taken from Martim at the time, but was handed to the Fróilaz family.
The series began on 16 May in Bali, Indonesia, with the final event taking place on 07 November in Sydney, Australia.
The men's series featured 8 permanent divers, with former Olympic diver Constantin Popovici joining the permanent line-up for the second time and Alessandro De Rose for first time.
In addition to the permanent divers, at least 12 wildcard divers were selected to compete at each stop of the men's series and 11 wildcard divers at women's series.
On 27th January 2019, Filis got subbed on during the FA Women’s Super league match against Reading Women at Adams Park to make her senior debut.
Boboye was appointed Interim Assistant Coach of the Nigeria National team on April 21, 2016 shortly after the resignation of Sunday Oliseh.
Neglected tropical diseases in India (NTDs) are a group of bacterial, parasitic, viral, and fungal infections that are common in low income countries but receive little funding to address them.
The neglected tropical diseases which especially affect India include ascariasis, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, cysticercosis, leprosy, echinococcosis, visceral leishmaniasis, and rabies.
Diseases on the WHO list which are not a problem for India are Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), foodborne trematodiases, onchocerciasis (river blindness), schistosomiasis, Chikungunya, Buruli ulcer, and yaws (endemic treponematoses).
The steps to eliminating the disease include passive and active case detection, early diagnosis and treatment, and vector control integrated into medical treatment.
Around year 2000 there were reports that parasites which cause kala-azar had developed drug resistance to pentavalent antimonial, which was the popular drug for treating this disease for the last 50 years.
In 2017 the Indian government had contained kala-azar in certain regions with the goal of providing easy access to medical treatment to completely eliminate it from the country.
Physicians use a drug to treat kala-azar both before and after the patient seems cured, but take care to use a safe amount.
The work that health agencies in India have done to reduce kala-azar are learning models for India or any other country to apply to other public health programs to eliminate infectious disease.
The World Health Organization estimated that in 2015, 75% of the children in India who had Soil-transmitted helminthiasis also got treatment.
For the patient, one of the major costs of treating the disease is having to take a lot of time off work.
Men and women can get this disease equally, but in the past, there have been barriers to women accessing treatment in the normal way.
Following some missed deadlines in 2015 and before a 2020 target date for eliminating LF, various media outlets discussed how India might meet the goal or what it should happen next if more time is required.
A 1952 paper described the disease present in an Indian village and how WHO investigators treated the disease and tried to identify its source.
To determine whether someone requires treatment for rabies or only treatment for the bite, the physician should have information about the incidence of rabies in animals in the area.
A 2012 paper argued that there was now enough information about rabies in India to plan to contain and prevent the disease nationally.
While these programs reduced the number of people in India with leprosy from 58 in 10,000 to 1 in 10,000, they did not eliminate leprosy entirely.
A 2018 study reported that India does well at detecting leprosy in poor areas, but more often misses cases in places with more money.
This success in India led to excite for other countries to also try to eliminate yaws by year 2020 using techniques which India developed.
In 2019 physicians identified a case of Buruli ulcer in India, but the patient was from Nigeria where the disease is present.
The four snakes in India which account for most bites are the Indian cobra, common krait, Russell’s viper, and saw-scaled viper.
Designing antivenom is a challenge because different snakes require different antivenom to treat, and there are many types of snakes in India.
Because of this, many people who receive a snakebite treat their illness with less medical urgency than they would some other disease.
A 2010 review of snake bite in India found that there is underreporting of the problem and also insufficient health care treatment available.
Treatment which should be available but which are sometimes hard to get includes a whole blood clotting test and a venom detection kit.
The region also has about a third of rabies deaths and a quarter of the South Asia, in addition to one-third of the rabies deaths, one-quarter of the intestinal helminth infections.
As of 2014 there was not good information about dengue and Japanese encephalitis, but these diseases are a major burden in India also.
The Global Burden of Disease Study is a regularly updated report which attempts to describe the extent to which each major disease in the world affects individuals with those diseases.
One surprising finding of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study is that India has the most and worst cases of 11 of the 16 neglected tropical diseases it considered.
The government of India collaborates with the World Health Organization in making financial investments in health care for the purpose of reducing and eliminating NTDs in India.
In 2005, the Indian Health Ministry, Bangladeshi Health Ministry, and the Nepali Health Ministry shared a memorandum of understanding to eliminate kala-azar in their shared region by 2015.
A 2015 study reported that India's public health programs were reducing leprosy rates but not quickly enough to eliminate the disease from the region.
The government of India sometimes has organized health campaigns to teach about diseases so that people feel comfortable coming for medical help when they need it.
The 2020 IFMAR 1:12 scale Electric On-Road World Championship was the 20th edition for sanctioned by the International Federation of Model Auto Racing (IFMAR).
The national sanctioning body, British Radio Car Association (BRCA), acted as the host nation on behalf of the European R/C Car Association (EFRA) and as a chief organiser, with the championship taking place at the Centre:MK in city of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.
Despite having ran as a World Cup event previously, the spec class was first time it was ran officially since 1984.
Unlike then, which ran on same brand motors provided by organisers, drivers were free to choose which brand they drive for, providing these are commercially sold sensored motors restricted to 13.5T turns as listed per IFMAR regulations.
The spec class was won by Andy Murray, the first by a Briton of any class since Andy Moore at the 1:10 electric touring car class in 2006 and in the same class since Spashett at the .
His Top Qualifier was the nation's first of any class since Elliott Boots at and in the same class, also by Spashett, also in 2006.
The modified class was won by Germany's Marc Rheinard, who had signed for Schumacher especially for this race, more than a week after being unceremoniously dropped by Infinity.
His win helped Muchmore Racing to bring an end, the winning streak (spanning all classes) of HobbyWing, who had just enjoyed their fifth win since August 2018, by Murray.
This includes the only 1:12 scale Reedy International Race of Champions in 2016, an unofficial GT12 world championship event the following year, British Off Road Grand Prix for and rounds of BRCA 1:12 National Championship..
Roger Garrigue (born 26 June 1941), sometimes written as Roger Garrigues (born in Toulouse, on 26 May 1941) , is a French former professional rugby league footballer and coach, who played as or .
Originally, a rugby union player formed at TOEC XV, Garrigue would later switch codes to play for Saint-Gaudens and then, for Toulouse Olympique, where he would play for most of his career, before joining Villefranche-de-Rouergue.
Garrigue also was the coach of France national rugby league team between 1978 and 1981, coaching France in two tests lost against New Zealand in Carlaw Park.
The battle was waged between besieging forces of the Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans against German forces garrisoned in Kraljevo in the German-occupied territory of Serbia (modern-day Serbia).
Several days after the battle began in a reprisal for the attack on a German garrison, the German forces committed a massacre of approximately 2,000 civilians in period between 15 and 20 October, in an event known as the Kraljevo massacre.
On 23 October most of the Partisan forces left the siege of Kraljevo and regrouped their forces to attack Chetniks in Čačak, Užice and Požega.
The rebels organized their last larger attack on Kraljevo on 31 October, using two tanks previously captured from German forces, but failed after suffering heavy casualties.
In early November most of the Chetnik forces besieging Kraljevo retreated to reinforce their positions in other towns in Western Serbia attacked by communist forces.
On 20 November 1941 both rebel formations signed truce only to be soon again defeated by German offensive in December 1941 that forced Partisans to leave Serbia and Mihailović and his Chetniks to flee constant German chases.
Eventually, Soviet Red Army and Partisan forces captured Kraljevo in autumn 1944, killed at least 240 people in communist purges and established communist regime which lasted for about fifty years.
For the half of the century the official historiography considered Chetniks as most responsible for the failure and lifting the siege of Kraljevo, presenting them as deceitful and untrustworthy with minimal combat value.
On the other hand the Partisans were depicted as heroically brave with almost perfect characteristics who had a role of Promethean heroes.
The attack on Kraljevo was one of the battles waged during the anti-Axis uprising in German occupied Western Serbia, then part of the Axis occupied Yugoslavia.
The representatives of the Yugoslav Army in this HQ were Major Radoslav Đurić and Captain Jovan Deroko, while communist representatives were Ratko Mitrović and Momčilo Mole Radosavljević.
Deroko was commander of all rebel forces at the left bank of Western Morava and right bank of Ibar, while Jovan Bojović was commander of all rebel forces on the right bank of Morava and left bank of Ibar.
The first skirmishes within the battle for Kraljevo began in the early afternoon on 9 October near Monastery of Žiča when the Chetnik unit commanded by Milutin Janković attacked German unit which retreated to Kraljevo after a whole day battle in which Germans used canons to shell the monastery.
The battle near monastery lasted until early morning of 11 October when Germans broke the rebel lines and put the monastery to fire.
On 12 october the 717th Jäger Division left Kragujevac to help besieged garrison in Kraljevo and reached Trstenik on the same day.
Between 15 and 20 October 1941 German forces killed approximately 2,000 civilians in reprisal for a joint Partisan–Chetnik attack on a German garrison in an event known as the Kraljevo massacre.
On 28 October 1941 the commander of the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland Draža Mihailović received an order from Prime Minister of the Yugoslav Government in exile Dušan Simović who adjured Mihailović to eschew premature actions and avoid reprisals.
The last larger attack on Kraljevo happened on 31 October 1941 when attacking Partisan and Chetnik forces tried to penetrate German positions and enter into city using two tanks.
For some time the historiography attributed this action solely to Partisans, but later this was corrected and participation of Chetniks was recognized.
Chetnik Leutenant Sima Uzelac and about a dozen of his soldiers were killed by machine gun while trying to cross barbed wires during their charge on an Axis bunker.
The Partisans cancelled their attacks on Kraljevo based on the order of the communist supreme command and their headquarters in Serbia.
The first units retreating from the siege were communist units, the Dragačevo Battallion which retreated on 23 October and three out of five companies of the Ljubić Battallion retreated before the end of October and sent to Čačak to fight against the Chetnik forces.
In the night between 2 and 3 November 1941 the communist commanders forged a plan to attack Požega, after they managed to resist Chetnik attack on their positions in Užice.
The information that about 200 Partisans attacked Chetnik security forces of the Preljina airport was quickly reported to Major Đurić who held positions at the Kraljevo siege on the same night.
Draža Mihailović ordered on 5 November to Captain Bogdan Marjanović to intensify his actions and quickly capture Čačak, while Deroko was ordered to contact Marjanović and to take 2/3 his troops, artillery and vehicles to capture Čačak, while rest of his troops were ordered to secure area toward Raška and road between Kraljevo and Čačak.
Deroko and Chetnik detachment under his command headed toward Čačak trough village Mrčajevci and easily took over Preljina from Partisans, crossed river Čemernica and positioned his forces that also included artillery on Ljubić hill, near the monument to Tanasko Rajić.
On 20 November 1941 the communist forces and Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland signed truce while German offensive in December 1941 defeated both parties.
The Communists retreated to Montenegro and Bosnia while Mihailović and small number of his soldiers was forced to flee constant German chases.
The Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland and Partisans held each other as morally responsible for Kragujevac and Kraljevo massacres while Mihailović decided to resolve the communist question once for all.
At the beginning of 1942 some Chetniks legalized with Nedić administration buried Deroko besides the grave of Tanasko Rajić in Ljubić, but communists dig out his body in 1945 and disposed it on unknown location.
Eventually, Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav communist forces captured Kraljevo in Autumn 1944 and established communist regime which lasted for about fifty years.
After the regime of communists in Serbia ended the Government of Serbia and its Ministry of Justice established the commission to research atrocities that were committed by members of the Yugoslav Partisan Movement after they gained control over Serbia in Autumn 1944.
According to the report of this commission, out of 55,554 registered victims of communist purges in Serbia the new communist regime in Kraljevo killed 240 people while 28 people are missing.
Although both communists and Chetniks bravely fought in this battle, the post-war historiography published by Communist party denied Chetnik contribution labeling them with different defamatory expressions.
The propaganda of local historiography created by the winning partisans was service of their communist ideology and presented selected parts of the Siege of Kraljevo to create historical consciousness almost completely opposed to real events.
For the half of the century the official historiography considered Chetniks as most responsible for failure and lifting the siege of Kraljevo.
The Chetniks were presented as deceitful and untrustworthy whose combat value was minimal, while notable examples of brave individuals which were impossible to ignore were neutralized by exerting the Chetniks' betrayal as their persistent behaviour.
The Partisans were depicted as heroicly brave with almost perfect characteristics who had a role of Promethean heroes whose enemies, before all Chetniks, were forces whose role was menace.
It is important to consider that communists detachment from Čačak left the siege of Požega in period 22-24 October to reinforce communist forces in Užice.
Taking in consideration the contemporary situation and conflicts between two rebel groups in Čačak, Požega and Užice, it can be concluded that this broader conflict between two rebel groups caused lifting the siege of Kraljevo.
Durand Versus Durand (French: Durand contre Durand) is a 1931 French-German comedy film directed by Eugen Thiele and Léo Joannon and starring Roger Tréville, Paul Asselin and Jeanne Helbling.
He had a win over Marat Safin at a ATP Challenger tournament in Poznań in 1997 and the following year won his only Challenger title, at Sopot.
He designed buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places like the First Congregational Church and Parish House and the Pauline Cheek Barton House.
It was built by 1878 near the toll gates of a private road linking mines between the towns of Silver Plume, Colorado and Georgetown, Colorado.
The home belonged to Julius G. Pohle, an officer of the Lebanon Mining Company; the Lebanon Mine was one of the earliest hard rock silver mines in Colorado, operating from around 1870 until the 1940s.
It has been engaged in a number of training voyages around the Indo-Pacific Region in 2019, notably visiting Wellington in New Zealand between 22-26 October.
Victoria University of Wellington staff discussed whether it was appropriate to attend the reception; in the event, Assistant Vice-Chancellor Rebecca Needham, a former director of the VUW Confucius Institute, attended the event, along with several staff members of the university's Confucius Institute attended.
In March, he competed at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria; he placed 7th in the short program, 10th in the free skate, and 10th overall.
Ranked 18th in the short, he qualified to the free skate and finished 22nd overall at the 2019 World Junior Championships in Zagreb, Croatia.
Daldali is a village and a gram panchayat in the Hura CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Daldali had a total population of 4,488, of which 2,345 (52%) were males and 2,143 (50%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, Santali, English, Sanskrit, education, geography, philosophy, history, political science, economics, general courses in arts and science, and honours and general courses in commerce.
A right-arm fast-medium bowler, he played most of the 1952-53 season for South Australia, but despite claiming the South African captain Jack Cheetham as his first wicket he was unable to make the most of his opportunities and did not play again after that season.
The 1981 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Sicilian Grand Prix, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix.
After its debut at Asia Girls Explosion in 2011, the brand has been featured as a headliner presentation at Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Tokyo 2016, Amazon Fashion Week Tokyo 2017, and Rakuten Fashion Week Tokyo 2020, receiving critical acclaim for its modern approach to Japan’s traditional garment.
Yoshiki created the fashion brand to pay tribute to his parents who ran a kimono shop when he was growing up.
On October 14, 2019, Yoshikimono was featured as the opening presentation of Rakuten Tokyo Fashion Week 2020 S/S at Shibuya Hikarie.
Yoshiki played piano with a model posing erotically on top of his signature glass piano for Mercedes-Benz Tokyo Fashion Week 2016, and performed a drum solo under pouring rain on the runway for Amazon Fashion Week Tokyo 2017.
He was given command of the TPDF soon after the army mutiny of 1964, when either a captain (Reuters 1967) or a lieutenant (Kaplan 1978).
He was born at Meru, Tanzania in 1964; educated at Tabora Government Secondary School; entered the Tanzanian portion of the King's African Rifles as a private in 1958; and later attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
The Rivière à l'Épaule (English: Shoulder river) is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The course of the river crosses the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, as well as the township municipality unis de Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, located in the MRC La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality.
The course of the river flows entirely in the Jacques-Cartier National Park (at the eastern limit of the park) which is affiliated with the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq).
The Rivière à l'Épaule valley is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of the Rivière à l'Épaule (except the rapids) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Rivière à l'Épaule originates from Petit lac à l'Épaule (length: ; width: ; altitude: ), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve (at the eastern limit of Jacques-Cartier National Park), in the MRC of La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
From the dam at the mouth of Petit lac à l'Épaule, the course of Rivière à l'Épaule descends for towards the southwest generally in a straight line until Jacques-Cartier River with a drop of according to the following segments: towards the southwest, in particular by crossing on the lac à l'Épaule (altitude: over its full length; then south-west in a deep valley until its mouth.
The Rivière à l'Épaule flows onto the east bank of the Jacques-Cartier River, at the foot of the Montagne de l'Épaule.
From this confluence, the current descends the Jacques-Cartier River for generally south to the northeast bank of the St. Lawrence River.
Its meaning remains uncertain, however the main hypothesis considered describes that the shoulder (shoulder) could here designate a flat with a fairly gentle slope used to connect two valleys whose level differs.
A report dated 1829 and signed by the surveyor John Adams mentions the L'Épaule River and the Montagne de l'Épaule, while William Ware describes the surroundings of Lac Épaule in 1835.
This area was frequented in the 17th century by Jesuits who went, by a path traced by the Innu, to lac Saint-Jean.
The plan of the Wendat (Huron) chief Nicholas Vincent, drawn up around 1829, identifies the river under its Wendat name Hüaonjacaronté.
This sector, on the outskirts of the settlers' settlements, has undergone some attempts to clear it, because abattis were spotted there in 1867.
Lac à l'Épaule hosted, in the summer of 1943, Sir Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, gathered in Quebec for an Allied conference.
A landmark event in contemporary history took place there in September 1962 and made the expression make, hold a shoulder-to-shoulder famous.
The Goderich 35, also known as the Huromic 35, is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Ted Brewer of Brewer, Walstrom and Associates, as a cruiser and first built in 1977.
It has a cutter rig sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a plumb transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed modified long keel, with a cutaway forefoot.
Some of the boats were built with 37 foot LOAs, using an extended stern overhang and some were built with ketch rigs.
The head is located forward and has a door for access from the main cabin and one from the forward cabin.
The steel hull is constructed from welded radius-rolled sheet steel used in the bilge area, in between flatter sheet steel in the sides and hull bottom.
He completed it between 1 October 2001 and 6 September 2002, including a month for repairs at the Royal Cape Yacht Club in Cape Town after hitting an iceberg and a stop in Adelaide, Australia, to have his radar repaired.
Masencamp played on the professional tour during the 1980s and reached a career best singles ranking of 275 in the world.
In 1985 he won the first edition of the OTB Open in Schenectady, which was then part of the Challenger Tour but later became a Grand Prix tournament.
His only Grand Prix main draw appearance came at the 1988 South African Open, where he lost in the first round to world number 24 Andrés Gómez from Ecuador.
She is a professor of biostatistics and bioinformatics at Emory University, where she directs the Emory Center for Biomedical Imaging Statistics.
Giannis-Fivos Botos (, born 20 December 2000) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for AEK Athens.
On 19 January 2020, he made his debut in the Superleague in a 3–0 home win game against AEL coming on as a second-half substitute replacing the scorer of the second goal Nélson Oliveira at the 68th minute.
Botos is the first footballer in the history of AEK Athens, born after 2000, who has scored in an official game, at 4–0 away victory over Apollon Larissa at 31 October 2018.
The Seigneurie de Beaupré Wind Farms, also known as just the Seigneurie de Beaupré, is a wind farm complex located in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality of Quebec, Canada.
The wind farm complex has undergone multiple expansions, the most recent being the 23.5 MW Phase III expansion completed in 2015.
It is less than from where George A. Jackson discovered gold in Chicago Creek on January 7, 1859, setting off a gold rush which brought people to Denver and Colorado.
In 2019 he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 97 kg event at the 2019 Military World Games.
Steven Gillespie (July 22, 1963 – January 18, 2020) was a Canadian professional wrestler, better known under the ring name Dr. Hannibal.
He would spend the next two years cutting his teeth in Western Canada's independent circuit, which also included the Winnipeg, Manitoba-based West Four Wrestling Alliance (WFWA).
A month later on May 22, he rebounded by winning the CRMW Tag Team Championship with Katana, defeating Jason the Terrible and Brad Young to win the vacant titles.
He and Katana would hold onto the titles for nearly four months, before losing them to his old rival Corleone and his partner, Rob Austin, on September 10.
However, on January 20, 1995, the SS Squad split up, causing the Tag Team titles to be held up in a match between the two.
A week later on January 27, Gillespie defeated Wilde by disqualification, making him a three-time Tag Team champion and selecting Eric Freeze as his new partner.
Unfortunately, his reign would last two weeks, as he and Freeze lost the titles to Wilde and his partner, Black Bart Steiger.
Two weeks later on February 24, he rebounded by defeating Steve Rivers to win the Mid-Heavyweight title for the second time.
In the summer of 1996, he joined Bruce Hart in an attempt to revive Stampede Wrestling, but it didn't last very long.
In May 1998, he reunited with Wilde as the SS Squad again and won the CAWF Can-Am Tag Team Championship on July 31, defeating Eric Freeze and The Pitbull Kid to win the vacant titles.
In 1999, Gillespie sold his stake of the promotion to Wilde and Gentile, before leaving the promotion in June 2000 and retiring.
His last match was held on March 22, 2013, losing a three-way dance to Jason the Terrible, which also included his former partner Katana.
On September 21, he lost to Shawn Michaels at a WWF Superstars TV taping in Winnipeg; the match aired on October 17.
The next night on September 22, he lost to Razor Ramon at a WWF Wrestling Challenge TV taping in Brandon; the match aired on October 25.
On October 12, he lost to Kamala at the WWF Superstars TV taping in Saskatoon; the match aired on November 14.
The next night on October 13, he lost to Papa Shango at a WWF Wrestling Challenge TV taping in Regina; the match aired on November 1.
Nearly five years later, in July 1997, he defeated Steve Rivers in a dark match at a WWF Shotgun Saturday Night TV taping in Edmonton.
In January 1993, he and Luther formed Team Canada with The Gladiator, Big Titan and Ricky Fuji, feuding with the likes of Atsushi Onita, Tarzan Goto and Mr. Gannosuke, among others.
Gillespie was found deceased in his truck in Calgary on January 18, 2020 having suffered an apparent heart-attack; he was 56 years old.
The 2019–20 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team represent Indiana State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Sycamores, led by 10th-year head coach Greg Lansing, play their home games at the Hulman Center in Terre Haute, Indiana as members of the Missouri Valley Conference.
ISU coach Greg Lansing began the season with 148 wins, which places him second on the ISU Coaching Leaderboard, the leader Duane Klueh has 182.
Junior Guard Tyreke Key became the 40th member of the ISU 1,000-pt Club; on December 30, 2019, vs. Southern Illinois, Key dropped 20 points to surpass 1,000 career points.
As of January 29th, Key had 8 games in which he 20 or more points and led the Sycamores with a 17.2 ppg.
David Arthur Lind (September 12, 1918 – March 6, 2015) was an American physics professor, Guggenheim Fellow, mountain climber, and skier.
He was part of a five-man team that made the first ascent of Forbidden Peak in the North Cascades in 1940.
During World War II, he was on leave of absence from Caltech to conduct torpedo research at the University of Washington.
From 1948 to 1950, he was a research fellow at Caltech, where he learned cyclotron design and instrumentation from working with Jesse DuMond.
For the academic year 1950–1951, Lind was a Guggenheim Fellow studying at the Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm and at ETH Zurich.
At the University of Colorado Boulder, he was an associate professor from 1956 to 1959, and a full professor from 1959 to 1983, when he retired as professor emeritus.
They were the principal investigators of an AEC contract for designing and constructing a 52-inch cyclotron with azimuthally varying magnetic field and capable of accelerating protons to 30 MeV.
The Colorado University Nuclear Physics program, with Lind and Kraushaar as co-directors, conducted pioneering research for over a quarter of a century and provided training and opportunities for a generation of physics students.
He taught a course on the physics of snow and avalanche phenomena as part of his work at the CU Arctic and Alpine Institute.
Sarah Straton (born October 6, 1970 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America) is a former professional beach volleyball player who represented Australia at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
Straton founded and runs Evergrowing, which holds parenting and sports workshops to help parents relate to their children, respond to their needs and support their enjoyment of sport.
British ships were then free to sail to India, the Indian Ocean, or the East Indies under a license from the EIC.
Robert L. Jackson (born August 15, 1955) is an American politician who has served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 11th district since 2004.
The Zawiya en-Noussak (or Zaouia en-Noussak) is a zawiya (a religious complex and residence usually centered around the tomb of a Muslim saint) located just outside the old city walls of Salé, Morocco.
Like other zawiyas, this building was probably occupied by Sufi students, led by a sheikh, who prayed and studied the Qur'an together.
The corbels at the top corners may have once Only vestiges remain of the rest of the original building, which was made of pisé.
The main courtyard was centered by a large rectangular water basin and surrounded by galleries that led to other rooms, possibly used for teaching and meetings.
The building's layout bears many resemblances to the earlier zawiya that Abu Inan built at Chellah, not far from here, suggesting that it the latter may have served as a model for this one.
They are propelled by paddle, and they could sustain 6 mi/h (9.7 km/h) for 18 hours, covering 100 miles (160,9 km) in a day, or 12 mi/h (19.3 km/h) if closing on a prize.
One of their favorite tactics is to conceal some of their larger boats, and then to send some small and badly manned canoes forward to attack the enemy to lure them.
The canoes then retreat, followed by the enemy, and as soon as they passes the spot where the larger boats are hidden, they are attacked by them in the rear, while the smaller canoes, which have acted as decoys, turn and join in the fight.
The rivers arc are chosen for this kind of attack, the overhanging branches of trees and the dense foliage of the bank affording excellent hiding places for the boats.
In the 19th century there was a great deal of piracy, and it was secretly encouraged by the native rulers, who obtained a share of the spoil, and also by the Malays who knew well how to handle a boat.
These boats skulked about in the sheltered coves waiting for their prey, and attacked merchant vessels making the passage between China and Singapore.
The Malay pirates and their Dayak allies would wreck and destroy every trading vessel they came across, murder most of the crew who offered any resistance, and the rest were made as slaves.
The Dayak would cut off the heads of those who were slain, smoke them over the fire to dry them, and then take them home to treasure as valued possessions.
L'opium et le bâton is a 1965 novel by Berber writer Mouloud Mammeri, who was born in Algeria and lived in Algeria, Morocco, and France.
Della Duck is a cartoon character and core member of the Disney Duck family, both as the twin sister of Donald Duck and the mother of Donald's famous nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie.
Della is famous for her temperamental personality and adventurous spirit, and as a female adventurer and an amputee, for being a positive role model to young girls and to children with disabilities.
In this comic, Donald finally tells the nephews the story of their mother, depicting her in flashbacks; Della is depicted as a successful test pilot, the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, and stranded in space after test-flying a rocket ship that accidentally propelled her to near light speed.
As the mother of main characters Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck, Della is revealed during the first season to be a skilled pilot and fearless adventuring partner of her uncle Scrooge McDuck and twin brother Donald.
Della is first depicted in the series at the end of the pilot episode, in a painting discovered by the triplets.
This discovery triggers a search, first by Dewey and Webby Vanderquack and eventually involving all three triplets, for information about their mother and her disappearance, forming the central mystery of the show's first season.
Della was presumed lost to the cosmic abyss after Scrooge launched a massive and expensive, but ultimately failed, rescue attempt to find her.
The episode promised to fully reveal what happened to the character for the first time since she was lost in space.
She first declared wanting to be a pilot at the same time her brother Donald declared he wanted to be a sailor.
Della's accomplishments as a pilot included being the first female pilot to fly across the Atlantic, flying as a test pilot (and successfully landing a plane that has caught fire), and piloting an experimental rocket ship.
Due to the effects of time dilation from Della's near-lightspeed rocket travel, while Huey, Dewey, and Louie have lived with Donald for several years, Della believes she's been gone less than an hour.
Through radio transmissions, Della reveals she is eager to finish her test flight and get home to her boys, unaware that several more years will pass on Earth by the time she finishes.
Like her twin brother Donald, Della can be temperamental; after seeing a taunting illustration by Gyro Gearloose in a rocket instruction manual, Della flies into a rage, not only tearing the manual apart but stomping up and down on the remains.
Della also shares personality traits with her sons, including their fearlessness and mischief; these common traits are what allow them to accept and bond with her once she returns home.
Della carried her Junior Woodchuck Guidebook with her to the moon, and is later shown quoting Junior Woodchuck rules by heart, which helps her bond with Huey.
After looking at a photo of her family and assessing the situation, she kicks the wreckage one more time and mutters to herself.
The next shot depicts her with a robotic replacement leg, as she stares up at the Earth and declares her intent to return home.
While Della is tenacious and determined, after finally making it back home, she struggles with returning to civilization and her family.
While Della has ample experience as an adventurer, she has little experience being a mom, and she needs time to adjust to the responsibilities of being a parent.
Like Donald, she uses the phrase to indicate that she's given up on something she was trying to do (such as when she realizes she cannot free her leg from rocket wreckage), or after realizing things have gone horribly wrong (such as after accidentally awakening an ancient robotic foe).
Central Platoon School was a platoon school, where students were divided into groups (platoons) thst switched between classroom studies and vocational as well as hands-on and recreational activities, in Brush, Colorado.
A platoon school plan, also known as the Gary Plan, was devised by William Albert Wirt in 1907 in Gary, Indiana.
The plan divided the students into two groups, where one platoon would use the academic classrooms and the other platoon would be using shops, nature studies, the auditorium, the gymnasium, and other outdoor facilities.
This allowed all of the school facilities to be in use through the entire school day, and it also promoted the intellectual, manual, and recreational development of the students.
Margaret Keck (born January 12, 1949) is an American political scientist and Brazilianist, currently an Academy Professor and professor emeritus of political science at Johns Hopkins University.
The book won the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order in 1999, making Keck and Sikkink the first women ever to win that award.
The book received the 2009 Lynton Keith Caldwell Prize for the best book on environmental politics and policy from the Science, Technology & Environmental Politics section of the American Political Science Association.
In 2019, a citation analysis by Kim and Grofman listed Keck as the 15th most cited active emeritus political scientist at an American university.
Angela Turner-Ford (born July 2, 1971) is an American politician who has served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 16th district since 2013.
Neil S. Whaley (born May 24, 1988) is an American politician who has served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 10th district since 2017.
She enrolled at the newly-established Rista Vukanović Serbian Drawing and Painting School and spent five years learning art technique with Beta Vukanović and theory with Svetozar Zorić, and Branislav Petronijević.
Upon her return to Belgrade, she accepted the position of a drawing teacher at the School of Arts and Crafts (part of the Arts and Crafts movement), where she taught until the end of her life in 1928 when she passed away with influenza.
During her stay in Munich, she perfected drawing and at the same time became interested in applied arts and arts and crafts.
In painting, she changes by introducing a more intense color register, tailored to Munich impressionism, which remained characteristic of her later painting opus based on light and its contrasts.
Her small impressionistic cycle of paintings, created on her return to Belgrade, is considered to be at the very top of Serbian modernism.
Catarina Isabel Silva Amado (born 21 July 1999) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a forward for Benfica in the Campeonato Nacional Feminino.
Moktar Hossain is a Bangladeshi politician affiliated with the Jatiya Party who served the Khulna-4 district as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1988 to 1991.
From there, it runs westward in the Paysandú Department until it flows into the Uruguay River south of the city of Salto.
It stars Jim Parker as Count Dracula, portrayed here as a Las Vegas pimp, along with Carolyn Brandt and Rock Heinrich.
The Municipality of Leederville was a local government area in inner suburban Perth, Western Australia, based around the suburb of Leederville.
John Horhn (born February 8, 1955) is an American politician who has served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 26th district since 1993.
The leaves are arranged alternately, with a short leaf stalk, narrowly elliptic to egg-shaped or linear, long, wide and light silvery green throughout.
The inflorescence may be either pendulous or upright, usually in a tight head of numerous tubular white to deep yellow to orange flowers long.
The female or bisexual flowers remain or sporadically tear above the fruit, they are covered with hairs long near the base, considerably shorter at the apex.
This species occurs from the southern part of the Kimberley to the Kennedy-Blackstone Range and east to central Northern Territory usually along watercourses or red sandy soil and rocky outcrops in dryer regions.
Vincent Parsons was a welder and father of two from Clondalkin who was assaulted in Tallaght and died two days later.
In October two men were charged with his murder.There was no application for bail as it can only be granted by the High Court.
The territorial extents of the cities of Makati and Taguig, and the municipality of Pateros is disputed by their local governments particularly the Fort Bonifacio area which includes the financial district of Bonifacio Global City.
The city governments of Makati and Taguig have recently fought over the jurisdiction of Fort Bonifacio because of the area's growth potential.
A portion of the base, including the Libingan ng mga Bayani and the American Cemetery, lies within Taguig, while the northern portion where the Global City development is centered was considered part of Makati.
A 2003 ruling by a judge in the Pasig Regional Trial Court upheld the jurisdiction of Taguig over the entirety of Fort Bonifacio, including the Bonifacio Global City and Pinagsama.
The Supreme Court on June 27, 2008 per Leonardo Quisumbing, dismissed the suit of the Makati, seeking to nullify Special Patents 3595 and 3596 signed by Fidel Ramos conveying to the Bases Conversion and Development Authority public land in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City.
Due to a pending civil case filed by the Taguig City government asking the court to define its territorial boundaries, Makati cannot halt Taguig from collecting taxes on land located in Fort Bonifacio because it does not have any other sufficient source of sufficient income.
Because of that, a boundary dispute arose which moved Pateros to request a dialogue about that with then Municipal Council of Makati in 1990.
Pateros also filed a complaint against Taguig at the Makati RTC in 1996 but the trial court dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court, on June 16, 2009, per Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura denied Pateros’ petition against Taguig but ruled out that the boundary dispute should be settled amicably by their respective legislative bodies based on Section 118(d) of the Local Government Code.
Four meetings were held and at the fourth dialogue on November 23, 2009, a joint resolution was made stating that Taguig is requesting a tripartite conference between Pateros, Taguig and Makati.
On August 5, 2013, after just a year and a half, the 20-year-long battle was decided in a 37-page decision that was written by Justice Marlene Gonzales-Sison of the Court of Appeals.
The Court upheld the constitutionality of Presidential Proclamations 2475 and 518, both of which confirmed that portions of the aforementioned military camps are under the jurisdiction of Makati.
The decision also cited the fact that voters from the barangays that are subject of the dispute between Makati and Taguig have long been registered as voters of Makati, thus bolstering the former's jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio.
However, Taguig Mayor Lani Cayetano maintained that this decision was not yet final and executory, and asked Justice Gonzales-Sison to recuse from the case as it was discovered that her family has close ties with the Binays of Makati.
On August 22, 2013, the Taguig city government filed a Motion for Reconsideration before the Court of Appeals's Sixth Division affirming its claim on Fort Bonifacio.
According to Taguig's legal department, jurisprudence and the rules of procedure in the country's justice system all say that the filing of a motion for reconsideration suspends the execution of a decision and puts it in limbo.
On August 1, 2016, in a 27-page decision by the Second Division of the Supreme Court, the decision sought Makati government found guilty of direct contempt for abusing the legal processes over the jurisdiction of BGC.
On October 3, 2017, the Court of Appeals upheld its final decision in favor of the city government of Taguig and not Makati.
The SC also sought Makati guilty of forum shopping after simultaneously appealing the Pasig RTC ruling and filing a petition before the CA, both seeking the same relief.
He was appointed on 7 January 2020 to replace outgoing judge I Dewa Gede Palguna, who completed his second term at the court.
He was selected by President Joko Widodo over two other candidates for the position: former Judicial Commission chairman Suparman Marzuki and former General Elections Commission commissioner Ida Budhiati.
He studied law at Atma Jaya Catholic University, where he later became a lecturer in law and the head of state administrative law.
As an academic, he conducted a study of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law (Perppu), recording all of the Perppu that have been issued from Indonesian independence through to the administration of President Joko Widodo.
Joel R. Carter, Jr. (born August 8, 1978) is an American politician who has served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 49th district since 2018.
Thornton Crossroads / 104th is a station, currently under construction, on the N Line of the Denver RTD commuter rail system in Thornton, Colorado.
It is situated within the old Perth Boys School building, part of the Perth Central School complex in the early 1900s, adjacent to the Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA) for which the bar is named.
The bar features an outdoor courtyard with access from the Cultural Centre, near the steps and plaza, as well as outdoor tables along the edge of the cultural centre.
The bar owners subleased the space from PICA with a six-month lease, and an option for a longer, ten-year term subject to PICA's lease from the state government being renewed.
Picabar's owners later stated that they were given assurances there would eventually be a long-term arrangement, a claim denied by the Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries' director general Duncan Ord.
In October 2018, ownership of the precinct was transferred from the government to the Perth Theatre Trust (PTT), which terminated PICA's lease, and hence Picabar's sub-lease, with three weeks notice.
PICA was to be given a new sublease from the PTT, excluding the bar area, which was to be opened up to an expression of interest process.
By early November, the government gave Picabar a temporary reprieve until March 2019, and Culture and Arts minister David Templeman intervened to ensure Picabar's owners would be given the first preference in negotiations.
He has been awarded the insignia of Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques by the Ministry of National Education of France in recognition of his academic outstanding services in 2019.
The 2020 Lingshui China Masters is a badminton tournament which was scheduled to take place at Agile Stadium in China from 25 February to 1 March 2020 and has a total purse of $90,000.
The 2020 Lingshui China Masters is due to be the first Super 100 tournament of the 2020 BWF World Tour and also part of the Lingshui China Masters championships, which have been held since 2001.
This international tournament is due to be held at Agile Stadium which located inside the Lingshui Culture and Sports Square in Lingshui, Hainan, China.
Below is the point distribution for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF Tour Super 100 event.
The Israeli Navy Band () was an ensemble of the Israeli Navy, and was one of many in the Israel Defense Force (IDF).
The band performed at internal naval events, especially during the Sea Corps celebrations, and in the mid-1960s active duty soldiers were also incorporated as a part-time life crew.
When the decision was made in the Navy to form a representative band, the Six Day War broke out and only afterwards were the resources were allocated to form the band.
Despite the establishment of the military bands in the 1980s in most of the commands and arms, the Navy did not re-establish a band.
With her skating partner, Luka Berulava, she won two medals at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics − bronze in pairs and gold in the team event.
Butaeva/Berulava made their debut for Georgia in September 2019, placing eighth at an ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) event in Poland and then sixth at JGP Croatia.
Ranked third in both segments, they won the bronze medal behind two pairs from Russia, Apollinariia Panfilova / Dmitry Rylov and Diana Mukhametzianova / Ilya Mironov.
This was Georgia's first medal in the Winter Youth Olympic Games, and their tenth medal in the Youth Olympic Games overall.
The pair also received a gold medal for their participation in the team event as part of Team Courage, composed also of Arlet Levandi from Estonia, Ksenia Sinitsyna from Russia, and ice dancers Utana Yoshida / Shingo Nishiyama from Japan.
The commandery was established by the state of Qin in 242 BC after a successful campaign against the state of Wei.
In early Western Han dynasty, the commandery became a part of the Liang Kingdom, which was subsequently abolished during the Lü Clan Disturbance.
In late Western Han dynasty, the commandery administered 22 counties and marquessates: Puyang (濮陽)，Panguan (畔觀), Liaocheng (聊城), Dunqiu (頓丘), Fagan (發干), Fan (范), Chaping (茬平), Dongwuyang (東武陽), Boping (博平), Li (黎), Qing (清), Dong'e (東阿), Lihu (離狐), Linyi (臨邑), Limiao (利苗), Xuchang (須昌), Shouliang (壽良), Lechang (樂昌), Yangping (陽平), Baima (白馬), Nanyan (南燕) and Linqiu (廩丘).
The commandery went through a series of administrative changes in the Eastern Han dynasty, and by 140 AD, 15 counties remained in the commandery: Puyang, Yan (formerly Nanyan), Baima, Dunqiu, Dong'e, Dongwuyang, Fan, Linyi, Boping, Liaocheng, Fagan, Leping (樂平, formerly Qing), Yangping, Wei (衞, the fief of the descendants of the Zhou dynasty kings) and Gucheng (穀城).
From late Eastern Han to early Cao Wei dynasty, most counties of Dong was transferred to surrounding commanderies, while Linqiu and Juancheng (鄄城) counties from Jiyin were added.
After the foundation of Jin dynasty, the commandery was converted to Puyang Principality (濮陽國) and successively served as the fief of several imperial princes.
Under Northern Wei, Dong Commandery administered 7 counties in mid-6th century: Dongyan (東燕), Pingchang (平昌), Baima, Liangcheng (涼城), Suanzao (酸棗, formerly part of Chenliu Commandery), Changyuan (長垣, formerly part of Chenliu) and Changle (長樂).
There was a total of 9 counties: Baima, Linchang (靈昌), Weinan (衛南), Puyang, Fengqiu (封丘)、Kuangcheng (匡城, renamed from Changyuan), Zuocheng (胙城, renamed from Dongyan), Weicheng (韋城) and Lihu.
The Great Masquerade (also known as Murder on the Emerald Seas and The AC/DC Caper) is a 1974 American mystery comedy film directed and co-written by Alan Ormsby, and stars Kaye Stevens, Roberts Blossom, Gay Perkins, Frank Logan, Robert Perault, Paul Cronin, and Anya Ormsby.
The film's plot follows a detective who infiltrates a drag queen beauty contest aboard a cruise ship in order to solve a series of murders.
It was shot in Miami, Florida, and was believed to be lost until circa 2014, when it was released on DVD by Vinegar Syndrome.
Baily won the junior girl's title at the 1977 Australian Open in January (Amanda Tobin won the competition in December of that year).
Sheikh Shahidur Rahman is a Bangladeshi politician affiliated with the Workers Party of Bangladesh who served the Khulna-4 district as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1986 to 1988.
Ari Leifsson (born 19 April 1998) is an Icelandic footballer who plays as a defender for Fylkir and the Iceland national team.
Ari made his international debut for Iceland on 19 January 2020 in a friendly match against El Salvador, which finished as a 1–0 win.
The music on this album has been described as folk, indie folk, and pop, since it combines the ukulele, Inuktitut lyrics, and Inuit throat-singing.
Mount Forde, also known as Boundary Peak 161, is a 6,883-foot (2,098-meter) mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, on the Canada-US Border between southeast Alaska and British Columbia.
The peak is situated on the boundary of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, near the head of Tarr Inlet, northwest of Juneau, and northeast of Mount Turner, which is the nearest higher peak.
The mountain was named by the Geographical Names Board of Canada on December 4, 1928 for John Preston Forde, a surveyor and engineer with the Public Works Department of the Dominion of Canada, who visited Tarr Inlet in 1925 and 1928 to measure glacial recession.
He was also the vice-president of the Alpine Club of Canada from 1910 through 1914, having made many ascents in the Canadian Rockies, Selkirk Mountains, and Coast Ranges.
This climate supports small hanging glaciers on its slopes as well as the larger Margerie Glacier to the south and Ferris Glacier to the north.
The 2020 South Australian National Football League season (officially the SANFL Statewide Super League) is the 141st season of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Australian rules football competition.
Sergio Román Martín Galán (born 13 December 1996 in Galapagar) is a Spanish cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .
It was self-released on March 16, 2017, and later reissued by Epitaph Records in 2018, when the band signed to the label.
Dr. Anoosh Masood Chaudhry () is a Pakistani police officer who is Deputy Director Administration for Elite Police of Punjab, Pakistan since 26 September 2019.
She started her career as a medical doctor and won a gold medal in medicine before entering into the career of law enforcement.
Initially, she joined Punjab Police in Lahore as an ASP but then moved to Abbottabad on 11 December 2014, retaining her rank of ASP in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police.
In a performance measure evaluated by Lahore’s Investigation Headquarters for the first few months of 2019, she was declared the most outstanding officer of the investigation wing out of all SPs serving all six divisions of Lahore.
On 26 September 2019, she was appointed as Deputy Director Administration for Elite Police of Punjab in Lahore by Inspector General of Punjab Police, Arif Nawaz Khan.
Both singles were released in 1973 in Iran from Ahang Rooz and on 2 February 2012 in United States from Now Again Records.
The lyrics were written by Yaghmaei and Mahdi Akhavan Langeroudi, who was his's friend at the university and one the significant modern Persian poet.
It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven and bell-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.
The flowers are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on a strap-like, unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The mature buds are long, wide with a hemispherical to conical operculum that is about the same length as the floral cup.
It stars Erroff Lynn as Peter Allison, an impotent middle-aged business executive who leaves his job and wife in search of liberation.
In response to the case, Tobalina filed a counterclaim against the prosecution, which included the mayor, state attorney general, and governor of Denver.
They were claimed to have violated two city ordinances regarding obscene material, and the film was seized and held as evidence to be used in their prosecution.
Peoples, Brooke, and the company that owned the theater filed a lawsuit in federal district court, alleging that the ordinances in question were unconstitutional on account of their vague and broad natures, and for not providing accused parties with a proper hearing prior to their arrest or the material's seizure.
The Robert Morris Colonials women represent Robert Morris University in CHA women's ice hockey during the 2019-20 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
Keane Mulready-Woods was an Irish teenager who disappeared in January 2020 and whose remains were found in two locations during the following week.
On 13 January 2020 local children found a sports bag with human remains at the junction of Moatview Gardens and Moatview Drive in Coolock.The bag had been thrown from a dark coloured passing car.
Further human remains, believed to be a head, were found in a burnt-out car in Trinity Terrace, Drumcondra in the early hours of Wednesday 15 January.
On the night of the 15th of January, Gardaí confirmed that DNA tests had confirmed that the limbs found in Coolock were those of Keane Mulready-Woods.
On Friday 17 January Gardaí confirmed that the partial remains found in the car had been identified as those of Keane Mulready-Woods.
Gardaí are investigating links between the death of Keane Mulready-Woods and a criminal feud in Drogheda which has claimed three lives.
This is a list of seasons played by Central Coast Mariners FC (W-League), the women's section of Australian soccer club Central Coast Mariners since its creation in 2008.
The 1998 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas in the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season.
The Mean Green played their home games at the Fouts Field in Denton, Texas, and competed in the Big West Conference.
Several of the tracks were written by Bill Anderson, whom Howard had a professional partnership with recording duets and composing songs with.
The team began its oldest rivalry against the Royal Military College of Canada (then called Kingston Military Academy), winning the first meeting 11–0.
Ketan Karande (born: 07 April 1978) is an Indian actor who gained popularity by playing Bheem in Sony TV's TV show Suryaputra Karn.
Ketan has also shared screen with Amitabh Bachchan and Amir Khan in Thugs Of Hindostan and Ajay Devgn in Action Jackson where he played important roles in both films.
Naseem Hamed vs. Manuel Calvo was a professional boxing match contested between Naseem Hamed and Manuel Calvo for the vacant IBO featherweight title.
Naseem Hamed had lost his previous fight to Marco Antonio Barrera, giving him first defeat in his professional career and ending his over five year reign as featherweight champion.
As per the contract that was signed, Hamed had the option of facing Barrera in an immediate rematch and though he had expressed interest in his post-fight interview, he ultimately decided against it.
Hamed eventually announced his intentions to face European featherweight champion Manuel Calvo, who was coming off arguably his biggest victory over former WBO featherweight champion Steve Robinson.
However as Calvo was an unknown fighter in the United States, HBO, with whom Hamed had an exclusive contract allowing them to air his fights in the US, objected to Hamed's choice of opponent.
Rather than relent as he had the previous year when HBO objected to a proposed Hamed–István Kovács bout, Hamed opted to sever ties with HBO.
Prior to their separation, HBO offered Hamed a fight to take place on September 8, 2001, but Hamed declined, opting to face Calvo on November 10, 2001 instead.
The fight was next rescheduled for March 23, 2002, but a back injury suffered by Hamed during training caused the fight to be postponed again.
Coming off a 13-month hiatus, Hamed looked sluggish and disinterested throughout the fight, abandoning his usual aggressiveness for a slow, tactical approach.
Though Hamed clearly outboxed Calvo, many of 10,000 fans who attended the fight were unhappy with Hameds performance and booed throughout.
The fight wound up going the full 12 rounds, with Hamed winning by lopsided scores on all three of the judges scorecards.
Two judges had Hamed winning 119–109, each giving Calvo only a single round, while the third had Hamed winning with a score of 120–110.
Danielle Denise O'Toole-Trejo (born July 7, 1994) is a Mexican-American, former collegiate All-American, pro left-handed softball pitcher originally from Upland, California.
She was a starting pitcher for two college programs: beginning with the San Diego State Aztecs from 2013-14 and finishing with the Arizona Wildcats in 2016-17.
She graduated and was selected #8 overall in the National Pro Fastpitch draft by the Chicago Bandits, which she has played with on and off for three seasons.
She has also played for Team USA before joining Team Mexico and helped them earn a bid to play in 2020 Summer Olympics.
On March 14, O'Toole set a career best for strikeouts in a regulation game with 9 whiffs against the Bryant Bulldogs in a victory.
She also began a career best shutout streak in that game that went on for 22 innings, during which the Aztec struck out 18, allowed 21 hits and two walks for a 1.04 WHIP.
For her sophomore year, O'Toole earned MWC Pitcher of The Year, her second all conference honors and set a career best in victories (then school record) and innings pitched.
O'Toole currently ranks top-10 for San Diego in wins, strikeouts and shutouts, while holding the winning percentage record for a career.
O'Toole redshirted in 2015 after transferring to play for the Arizona Wildcats and as a junior in 2016 was named All-Pac-12 and posted her best shutouts total.
For her final year, O'Toole was named a National Fastpitch Coaches Association First Team All American and Pac 12 Pitcher of The Year, accomplishing the rare feat of being recognized by two conferences for her efforts on the mound.
During the streak she gave up 56 hits, 13 earned runs, 16 walks and fanned 88 in 92.1 innings for a 0.78 WHIP and 0.99 ERA.
In the only non-decision of the streak vs. the Oregon State Beavers, O'Toole set a career best with 10 strikeouts in just four innings of work on March 19.
On May 20 in the Regionals of the NCAA Tournament, she threw a 7 strikeout, 1-hit shutout to tally her 100th career victory over the South Carolina Gamecocks.
O'Toole made her final appearance in the Super Regionals against the Baylor Bears, throwing six innings in a loss on May 28.
Standard cup rules – such as the away goals rule (two-leg ties only), extra time and penalty shootouts – are used to decide drawn games.
After the home and away season, the inaugural A-League finals series began, with the top four teams from the league ladder qualifying.
The finals series used a modified Page playoff system, with the difference that each first-round game would be played over two legs.
The winner of the finals series, Sydney FC were crowned inaugural A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Dwight Yorke.
For the second straight year, the finals series again used a modified Page playoff system with the top four teams from the 2006–07 A-League ladder qualifying.
The winner of the finals series, Melbourne Victory were crowned 2006–07 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Archie Thompson.
For the third straight year, the finals series used a modified Page playoff system, again with each first-round game being played over two legs and with four teams.
The winner of the finals series, the Newcastle Jets were crowned 2007–08 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Andrew Durante.
Note: The Grand Final was held at the Sydney Football Stadium as the FFA deemed Bluetongue Stadium to have an insufficient capacity for the league's showpiece match.
For the fourth straight year, the finals series used a modified Page playoff system, again with each first-round game being played over two legs and with the top four teams.
The winner of the finals series, the Melbourne Victory were crowned 2008–09 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Tom Pondeljak.
After four straight years, the finals series adapted a new modified Page playoff system, with the amount of finals teams being increased to 6.
The winner of the finals series, Sydney FC were crowned 2009–10 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Simon Colosimo.
For the second straight year, the finals series used the same 6 team modified Page playoff system it adopted the previous year.
The winner of the finals series, Brisbane Roar were crowned 2010–11 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Mathew Ryan, making him the first recipient of the award to play on the losing team.
For the second straight year, the finals series used the same 6 team modified Page playoff system it adopted in the 2009–10 season.
The winner of the finals series, Brisbane Roar were crowned 2011–12 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Jacob Burns, making him the second recipient of the award to play on the losing team.
Their accomplishments qualified them into the 2013 AFC Champions League, which was reverted back to only having two A-League teams (Brisbane Roar qualifying through the 2013 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs).
For the first time, the A-League adopted a new knock-out format for the finals with six teams competing over a three-week series instead of four and the top two teams no longer receive a double chance.
Instead they received the opening week of the final series off and only needed to win one game to make the grand final.
Central Coast Mariners were crowned 2012–13 A-League champions, after beating Western Sydney Wanderers 2–0 with Daniel McBreen taking out the Joe Marston Medal.
Those two teams, due to their accomplishments, qualified for the 2014 AFC Champions League, with the AFC deciding to revert the amount of Champions League teams back to three, the third team being Melbourne Victory, who entered in the 3rd round of qualifiers because they finished third in the regular season.
Note: The Grand Final was held at the Sydney Football Stadium as the FFA deemed Parramatta Stadium to have an insufficient capacity for the league's showpiece match.
For the second straight year, the finals series used the same six team knock-out finals system it adopted in the 2012–13 season.
The winner of the finals series, Brisbane Roar were crowned 2013–14 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Thomas Broich and Iacopo La Rocca, making it the first year with joint winners.
Their accomplishments qualified them into the 2015 AFC Champions League, alongside Western Sydney Wanderers (for finishing second on the league ladder).
For the third straight year, the finals series used the same six team knock-out finals system it adopted in the 2012-13 season.
The winner of the finals series, Melbourne Victory were crowned 2011–12 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Mark Milligan.
Their accomplishments qualified them into the 2016 AFC Champions League, along with Sydney FC (for finishing second on the league ladder).
For the fourth straight year, the finals series used the same six team knock-out finals system it adopted in the 2012–13 season.
The winner of the finals series, Adelaide United were crowned 2015–16 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Isaías.
Their accomplishments qualified them into the 2017 AFC Champions League, along with Western Sydney Wanderers (for finishing second on the league ladder).
For the sixth straight year, the finals series used the same six team knock-out finals system it adopted in the 2012–13 season.
The winner of the finals series, Melbourne Victory were crowned 2017–18 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Lawrence Thomas.
For the seventh straight year, the finals series used the same six team knock-out finals system it adopted in the 2012–13 season.
The winner of the finals series, Sydney FC were crowned 2018–19 A-League champions with the Joe Marston Medal going to Miloš Ninković.
Their accomplishments qualified them into the 2020 AFC Champions League alongside Melbourne Victory, who came third and qualified for the 2020 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs.
Frederick G. Dale (January 3, 1896 – Marcy 21, 1967) was an American football player and coach and a geography professor.
It stars Kate Lyn Sheil, Jane Adams, Kentucker Audley, Chris Messina, Katie Aselton, Tunde Adebimpe, Jennifer Kim, Josh Lucas, Olivia Taylor Dudley and Michelle Rodriguez.
In January 2020 he made his senior international debut in a match against Canada, coming on as a 73rd minute substitute for Aron Elís Þrándarson.
Stefán Teitur's grandfather's brothers are Ólafur Þórðarson who was capped 72 times by Iceland, scoring 5 goals, and Teitur Þórðarson who was capped 41 times by Iceland, scoring 9 goals, before coming a well-traveled manager.
In addition Stefán Teitur's older brother, Þórður Þorsteinn Þórðarson, is a regular player in the Icelandic top tier and his cousin, Oliver Stefánsson, son of Stefán Þór, is contracted to IFK Norrköping.
Going further back, through his great-great-grandmother (mother of Þórður Þórðarson, born 1930) he is related to Pétur Pétursson, who got 41 caps for Iceland, scoring 11 goals.
Through his great-grandmother (wife of Þórður Þórðarson, born 1930) he is related to Árni Sveinsson, who got 50 caps for Iceland, scoring 4 goals, Sveinn Teitsson, who got 22 caps and 2 goals for Iceland and Sigursteinn Gíslason, who got 22 caps for Iceland.
The Story of Kang-goo () is a 2014 South Korean two-part SBS romance television drama starring Lee Dong-wook, Park Joo-mi and Shin Dong-woo.
Kim Kyung-tae (Lee Dong-wook) returns to his dead best friend's hometown in Kang-goo port, Yeongdeok County, to take care of his sister Yang Moon-sook (Park Joo-mi) and nephew Lee Kang-gu (Shin Dong-woo).
Kyung-tae is a hardened gangster but falls blindly in love with Moon-sook who suffers from a chronic disease and vows to protect his newfound family.
Sarika Milind Koli (born 05 december 1994 in Mumbai, Maharashtra) is an indian cricketer in India A cricket team and India Green Women.
The 2018 SingHealth data breach was a data breach incident that was initiated by unidentified state actors, which happened between 27 June and 4 July 2018.
During that period, personal particulars of 1.5 million SingHealth patients and records of outpatient dispensed medicines belonging to 160,000 patients were stolen.
Names, National Registration Identity Card (NRIC) numbers, addresses, dates of birth, race, and gender of patients who visited specialist outpatient clinics and polyclinics between 1 May 2015 and 4 July 2018 were maliciously accessed and copied.
The database administrators for the Integrated Health Information Systems (IHIS), the public healthcare IT provider, detected unusual activity on one of SingHealth's IT databases on 4 July, and implemented precautions against further intrusions.
Network traffic monitoring was enhanced; additional malicious activity was detected after 4 July, but did not result in the theft of any data.
Having ascertained that a cyberattack occurred, administrators notified the ministries and brought in the Cyber Security Agency (CSA) on 10 July to carry out forensic investigations.
The agency determined that perpetrators gained privileged access to the IT network by compromising a front-end workstation, and obtained login credentials to assess the database, while hiding their digital footprints.
The attack was made public in a statement released by the Ministry of Communications and Information and Ministry of Health on 20 July.
The ten-day delay between the discovery of the attack and the public announcement was attributed to time needed to fortify the IT systems, conduct preliminary investigations, identify affected patients and prepare the logistics of the announcement.
In Parliament, S. Iswaran, Minister for Communications and Information, attributed the attack to sophisticated state-linked actors who wrote customized malware to circumvent SingHealth's antivirus and security tools.
A Committee of Inquiry was convened on 24 July 2018 to investigate the causes of the attack and identify measures to help prevent similar attacks.
The four-member committee is chaired by former chief district judge Richard Magnus, and comprise leaders of a cyber-security firm, a healthcare technology firm and the National Trades Union Congress respectively.
The committee called on the Attorney-General's Chambers to lead evidence, and the Attorney-General's Chambers appointed the Cyber Security Agency to lead the investigations with the support of the Criminal Investigation Department.
The committee held closed-door and public hearings from 28 August, with another tranche of hearings from 21 September to 5 October.
In addition, the Personal Data Protection Commission investigated into possible breaches of the Personal Data Protection Act in protecting data and hence determine possible action.
To make things worse, vulnerabilities in the network and systems are not patched quickly, coupled with the fact that the attackers are well-skilled.
The report did point that if the staff had been adequately trained and vulnerabilities fixed quickly, this attack could have been averted.
On 15 January 2019, S. Iswaran, Minister for Communications and Information announced in Parliament that the Government accepted the recommendations of the report and will fully adopt them.
Separately, Gan Kim Yong, Minister for Health announced that changes to enhance governance and operations in Singapore's healthcare institutions and IHiS will be made.
The dual role of Ministry of Health's chief information security officer (MOH CISO) and the director of cybersecurity governance at IHiS will be separated, where the MOH CISO has a dedicated office and reports to the Permanent Secretary of MOH, while IHiS will have a separate director in charge of cybersecurity governance, with changes at the cluster level.
All public healthcare staff will remain on Internet Surfing Separation, which was implemented immediately after the cyberattack, and the mandatory contribution of patient medical data to the National Electronic Health Record (NEHR) system will continue to be deferred.
Following the cyberattack, Internet access was temporarily removed from all public healthcare IT terminals with access to the healthcare network, and additional system monitoring and controls were implemented.
The attack led to a two-week pause in Singapore's Smart Nation initiatives and a review of the public sector's cyber-security policies during that time.
The review resulted in implementation of additional security measures, and urged public sector administrators to remove Internet access where possible and to use secure information exchange gateways otherwise.
Plans to pass laws in late 2018 making it compulsory for healthcare providers to submit data regarding patient visits and diagnoses to the National Electronic Health Record system were postponed.
In addition, the Ministry of Health announced on 6 August 2018 that the National Electrical Health Record (NEHR) will be reviewed by an independent group made up of Cyber Security Agency and PricewaterhouseCoopers before asking doctors to submit all records to the NEHR, even though it was not affected by the cyberattack.
After the report was released, on 14 January 2019, Integrated Health Information Systems (IHiS) dismissed two employees and demoted one for being negligent in handling and misunderstanding the attack respectively, with financial penalties imposed on two middle management supervisors, and five members of the senior management including CEO Bruce Liang.
The next day, the Personal Data Protection Commission fined IHiS $750,000 and SingHealth $250,000 for not doing enough to safeguard personal data under the Personal Data Protection Act, making it the largest fine imposed for data breaches.
The shire ceased to exist on 26 March 1970, when it amalgamated with the Shire of Greenbushes to form the Shire of Bridgetown-Greenbushes.
Former Senator Malcolm Scott and state parliamentarians Francis Drake Willmott and John Henry Smith were members of the Bridgetown Road Board before their elections to parliament, with Scott and Smith both serving as chairman.
Penfold began her career in radio, working for Radio New Zealand and The Radio Network for eight years, before moving into television with TVNZ in 1998.
She then moved to TV3 in 2003 and spent the next 13 years working in current affairs across 60 Minutes, 3rd Degree and 3D.
At 3D she spent three years investigating the wrongful conviction of Teina Pora, who spent 21 years in jail for the rape and murder of Auckland woman Susan Burdett in 1994.
3D was cancelled by TV3 in 2016 and Penfold moved to Fairfax, establishing the long-form documentary investigative unit Stuff Circuit with two of her former colleagues.
47 of them (47/0.89 round 0%) are full-size courses with 18 holes or more, and 36 of them (36/0.89 round 0%) are smaller courses that feature at least 9 holes.
It was the first commercial TV channel in Australia to present a full-length live drama and was broadcast on January 11, 1959 over two hours.
The 40th Annniversary Tour was a tour performed by the heavy metal band Motörhead in support of both the band's 40th Anniversary, and their album, Bad Magic.
During the tour, Motörhead had to cut short their show short at Salt Lake City on 27 August 2015 (in the Rocky Mountains) due to Lemmy's breathing problems (the result of an altitude sickness) and then they had to cancel completely day-off their Denver Riot Fest set on 28 August 2015.
Their tour picked up again on 1 September 2015 at Emo's in Austin, Texas (moved from Cedar Park Center) but the group were again forced to abandon their set after three songs and to cancel subsequent shows (from the show on 2 September 2015 in San Antonio, Texas to the show on 5 September 2015 in Houston, Texas included).
Despite his ongoing health issues forcing Motörhead to cut short or cancel several US shows, Lemmy Kilmister was able to bounce back in time for the trio's annual Motörboat heavy metal cruise from Miami to the Bahamas which ran from 28 September through 2 October 2015 including performances by bands such as Slayer, Anthrax, Exodus, Suicidal Tendencies and Corrosion of Conformity.
The territory of the new road district was largely severed from the Upper Capel Roads Board (later the Shire of Balingup).
The roads board built a permanent office in October 1907 on Blackwood Road in Greenbushes, replacing an earlier temporary office on the same road.
The shire ceased to exist on 26 March 1970, when it amalgamated with the Shire of Bridgetown to form the Shire of Bridgetown-Greenbushes.
Politicians Charles Keyser and Charles Layman were both involved with the Greenbushes Road Board prior to their elections to parliament, with Keyser serving as board secretary and Layman as board chairman.
Mike Affarano Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series, fielding the No.
They also field a Pro Cup Series team for Emily Cook and in go-karts with Affarano's twin sons Kyle and Zach.
In his first race as an owner-driver, he immediately became known for his infamous crash in that race where his No.
Since the car landed on its roof, a safety truck had to flip it back on its wheels, where Affarano proceeded to climb out of his car with the help of safety personnel at the scene.
Affarano drove in four more races that year, with two being for his own team (and the other two driving the No.
On January 28, 2015, it was announced that the team would expand into the NASCAR Xfinity Series for the first time, with Johanna Long, who was without a ride in 2014, joining Affarano's team to drive the No.
By spring, the team was finally able to attempt a race, Richmond, which turned out to be their one and only attempt of the season.
He did enter his truck at Eldora for the second year in a row, but this time, it was with Jake Griffin driving.
They were initially on the entry list, but the team withdrew after they could not get the truck ready and updated in time, according to a post on the team's Facebook page.
However, they were able to make it to another race that year, Eldora, with dirt driver John Provenzano attempting to qualify but failing to do so.
It was announced on July 2, 2019, that Jake Griffin would return to the team for Eldora, which again ended up being the team's only attempt that year.
As a junior he competed in grand slam events, including the 2001 US Open, where he made the quarter-finals of the doubles.
The company subsequently had to divest itself of its Stonegate business after the Competition Commission found that it violated UK anti-trust laws.
In 2017 and 2018 The Humane League petitioned Noble Foods over its farming practices, which used caged hens for its Big & Fresh brand, and Animal Equality released footage of treatment of hens in Noble Foods' supply chain.
She taught at Broadway High School before she went to law school at the University of Washington, which she graduated from in 1903.
Niobium(III) chloride, in the form of NbCl with ligands, is also a metal cluster compound with a double bond between the two niobium atoms.
The Minister of Statistics in New Zealand is a cabinet position appointed by the Prime Minister to be charged with the responsibility of Statistics New Zealand.
McEnany worked for 10 years a technical writer for Morningstar, Inc. in Chicago, first in customer service and then as a technical writer.
The Anguojun, also known as the National Pacification Army (NPA), was a coalition of warlords and later a government under Zhang Zuolin, Generalissimo of the Republic of China under the Fengtian clique.
Formed in November 1926 after the Fengtian victory in the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, the Anguojun served as a way for Zhang Zuolin and his government to resist the National Revolutionary Army (NRA), who had launched the Northern Expedition and the Anti-Fengtian War in June 1926.
On the southern front, they were pushed back from Jiangsu and Henan after fierce fighting against the Guominjun and the NRA.
Despite achieving a few victories in mid-1927 in Jiangsu and extensive victories in Shanxi, the Anguojun could not defeat the Kuomintang-aligned forces and soon retreated past Tianjin.
Following the National Protection War against Chinese Emperor (formerly President) Yuan Shikai, China fully fractured, the feud between different factions intensified, and warlordism was born.
Along with local elites and other military figures in Manchuria, Zhang formed a mutually-beneficial alliance, forming the backbone of his warlord faction.
With growing dominance of China from the Anhui clique, an opposing warlord group, the Fengtian and Zhili cliques (a rival warlord faction under Wu Peifu) banded together in a warlord coalition.
This coalition expelled the Anhui clique from Beijing, pushing them southwards and allowing the Fengtian and Zhili cliques to jointly control the capital.
However, with Jiangsu governor Qi Xieyuan declaring war on Fengtian-allied Zhejiang governor Lu Yongxiang, the Fengtian clique went to war with the Zhili clique.
This led to an overwhelming Fengtian victory, with Zhili warlord Feng Yuxiang launching a coup in Beijing towards the end in 1924, splitting off with his Guominjun.
Fengtian thus took control of northern China, with the Zhili clique routed southwards, while to the south, Zhili warlord Sun Chuanfang took control of the provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, and Jiangxi.
This posed a serious threat to the northern cliques, and countering Kuomintang activities was one of the main functions of the Anguojun coalition.
In November 1926, following the disintegration of Zhili power in Beijing, Zhang Zuolin brought together his commanders and other, non-affiliated warlords such as Sun Chuanfang and Yan Xishan to discuss the situation.
Although Zhang Zongchang's army was powerful and separate from the Fengtian army itself, Zhang Zongchang still saw himself as subordinate to Zhang Zuolin.
Sun's army, after joining the Anguojun, coordinated his movements with Zhang Zuolin, and after Sun was driven out of Jiangsu and Zhejiang in early 1927, he was supplied by the Fengtian clique.
Even though Sun was totally financially dependent on the Fengtian clique, he was still able to make his own decisions when they would benefit him.
Zhili clique general Wu Peifu was considered as part of the Anguojun, but his power had been destroyed when the KMT conquered Hubei in September 1926.
Decisions were made by the Anguojun leaders in conferences at the Anguojun Headquarters in Beijing, with Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Xueliang, Yang Yuting, Yu Guohan, Zhang Zuoxiang, Wu Junsheng, Wang Yongjiang, Sun Chuanfang, and Zhang Zongchang frequently attending.
The leadership of the Anguojun was, in essence, a military council under the leadership of Zhang Zuolin, who had to plan his military activities based off those of his allies and the opinions of subordinates such as Yang Yuting (When Zhang was strongly convicted about something, he was able to ignore the opinions of his generals).
Its leader, Feng Yuxiang, had joined the Kuomintang in November 1926, and was contesting Anguojun forces in Henan by December as the commander of the Center Route of the Northern Expedition, with 100,000 men fighting in western Henan.
The Fengtian clique declared that Zhang Zuolin would be elected President once the provinces north of the Yangtze River were secured.
This brought Zhang to launch a new offensive in Henan in spring 1927, mirroring the new NRA offensive led by Tang Shengzhi.
As Yan and Feng turned to the KMT and the Anguojun was forced to abandon the two provinces of Henan and Jiangsu, the Anguojun strategy was abandoned too.
With Anguojun forces expelling the NRA from Xuzhou in August 1927, the NRA and the Guominjun cooperated to defend against Anguojun offensives led by Sun Chuanfang in a last-ditch attempt to retake his original territories.
By August, the front line had moved to southern Jiangsu, with the NRA being pushed to Nanjing, leading Yan Xishan to revert to neutrality.
Previously, Yan had been straddling the fence, taking a neutral stance militarily, although favoring the KMT (Shanxi formally joined the KMT in April).
This tipped the balance, and Yan began an offensive along the Beijing-Suiyuan Railroad in October, opening up a new front of fighting between the KMT and the Anguojun.
The Anguojun had almost attained international recognition - British minister to China Sir Miles Lampson was sympathetic to the Anguojun as their military situation seemed to improve in mid-1927; the fighting on the Jiangsu front seemed to be favoring them.
Gaining international recognition was crucial to the Anguojun, as it would add another layer of legitimacy and help reverse the unequal treaties.
Sun Chuanfang's defeat in Jiangsu and the subsequent defeat of Zhang Zongchang on the Shandong front in November turned the tides of the war, although the Anguojun had secured victories in Shanxi in September.
Sun Chuanfang tried to retake Pengpu by cutting the NRA forces in the city off from its connection with the other KMT forces, but he was forced to retreat to the Huai river valley.
Ignoring his differences and disagreements with Zhang Zongchang and his 150,000 men in Shandong, Sun joined him in attempting to push the NRA back.
Xuzhou came under siege, but Zhang and Sun responded by sending 60,000 and 10,000 soldiers (respectively) onto the railroad from Xuzhou and launching an offensive on the rail line on 12 December.
Although the Anguojun had air support from White Russian, Japanese, and European pilots, they could not succeed, and were pushed back within two days.
The coalition between Chiang, Feng, Yan, and Li Zongren surrounded it to the south, with troops in Shanxi, Henan, and southern Shandong.
In order to immobilize the railways and artillery on trains, Yan and Feng launched a joint siege of Shijiazhuang, a major railway hub, which fell on 9 May.
However, Feng defeated the Anguojun on the eastern front and immediately attempted to sever Anguojun communications through cutting them off from rail lines.
Seeing the situation the Anguojun was in at the siege of Beijing, feeling alarmed at the potential fate of Japanese interests in China, and believing that Zhang was too uncooperative, the Japanese brought the Kwantung Army into action, who threatened that they would block Zhang Zuolin from returning to Manchuria if he made an agreement with the KMT.
Yang Yuting became fully responsible for the military strategy of the Anguojun, which had now been severely reduced, assuming the role of Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern Three Provinces Defense Headquarters in July 1928.
He advised Zhang Xueliang to hold the line east of Shanhaiguan and Rehe Province, as well as asking for him to take control of the remnants of Sun Chuanfang's and Zhang Zongchang's armies, each consisting of over 50,000 men, who were now situated between Tangshan and Shanhaiguan.
Zhang therefore ordered the executions of Yang and his associate, Heilongjiang governor Chang Yinhuai, thereby ending the leadership of the internal clique of Fengtian officers that had attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and allowing Zhang to take full control over the affairs of the Fengtian clique and the Anguojun.
Zhang Xueliang decided to cut down the Fengtian Army and funding to the Mukden Arsenal to fix the financial situation of Manchuria.
It was here that he completely disbanded the Anguojun, with only Yu Xuezhong's army turning to Fengtian, while the rest of the former Anguojun armies were absorbed by NRA or Shanxi forces.
However, in its place, local warlords began to dominate the North; the people of Northern China suffered from more and more societal disorder, and Chinese authority collapsed in the region, paving the way for the Japanese invasion started by the Mukden Incident.
At the top were graduates of Baoding Military Academy, who also served as instructors at the Military Academy of the Eastern Three Provinces.
US intelligence reported that they also had 7 77mm field gun regiments with 420 guns (36 per regiment, 12 per battalion) as well as a regiment of 24 150mm guns.
The Zhili-Shandong Army (consisting of men from the provinces of Zhili and Shandong) had 150,000 men and 165 pieces of artillery by 1927.
There were also 4,000 White Russians serving in the army, and 2,000 boys (ages averaging around 10) led by one of Zhang Zongchang's sons.
Zhang Zuolin, as he saw himself as lacking the political power, styled himself as Generalissimo rather than President (as did Sun Yat-Sen).
The Anguojun made themselves look like the bringers of peace and order to China, against the forces of the Kuomintang, the Soviet Union, and Communism, who were, according to Anguojun propaganda, all linked (the Soviet Union supported the Kuomintang).
They tried to reconcile the ideals of Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xueliang with those of Sun Yat-sen by saying that the Zhangs endorsed the Three Principles of the People.
As for the Anguojun generals, propaganda portrayed them as honorable and legitimate men; their honor and legitimacy stemming from their association with important figures, their diverse backgrounds, their skills, and their willingness to expel foreign influence.
However, the Anguojun was never really able to establish its legitimacy well, as Zhang Zuolin lacked the political power to make reforms.
The Anguojun attempted to make other warlords, and, to some extent, ordinary people, perceive it as a peaceful unifying force, in contrast to the violent, revolutionary unification offered by the Kuomintang.
The militarists in the Anguojun tried to reach a compromise with moderates in the KMT, believing that they could unify the country without bloodshed.
However, the leaders of the KMT were determined to pursue the destruction of the Beijing Government, and they had already allied with northern Chinese warlords such as Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, which pushed them further away from an actual agreement with the Anguojun.
Immediately following the defeat of Wu Peifu, the Fengtian clique and the KMT had to decide what to do with the political situation in North China.
In August 1926, Jiang Zuobin, a KMT general in Hubei, was sent from Guangzhou to Mukden to discuss a possible alliance.
On 14 January, Reuters reported that Yang Yuting was working with Liang Shiyi to draw up a compromise between the two governments.
According to the KMT, Zhang Zuolin would be made the Chair of the Central Executive Committee of the government according to the KMT, while Zhang himself wanted either himself or another Fengtian representative to be made President, with KMT representatives in the positions of Vice President and Premier.
Zhang asked the KMT to stay to the provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Guangxi, as well as ridding themselves of any foreign influence.
They agreed on a reformation of the national government and suggested for Zhang a choice to either return to Manchuria and distance himself from politics or to establish his position as an important politician in the government.
Two of the clauses agreed upon were the total destruction of Feng Yuxiang and joint decision-making in diplomacy between both the Beijing and Nanjing governments.
The girls' mass start speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Lake St. Moritz on 16 January 2020.
Patra received professional training at IMF Institute on Financial Programming and Policy and at the Bank of England's Centre for Central Banking Studies.
Before his appointment as deputy governor, Patra served as the executive director of the monetary policy department of RBI—where he moved to in 2006—and as such, was an internal member of the powerful Monetary Policy Committee.
From and , Patra served on deputation to the International Monetary Fund as senior adviser to India's executive director at the fund.
In , Patra was appointed a Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet—on the recommendation of the Cabinet Secretary-headed Financial Sector Regulatory Appointment Search Committee—for a period of threeyears, succeeding Viral Acharya, who had resigned in .
Patra took charge as deputy governor on , and was assigned to look after RBI's monetary policy department, financial markets operations department, financial markets regulation department, international department, department of economic and policy research, department of statistics and information management, corporate strategy and budget department and financial stability unit.
Jason Keith Fernandes is a Goan Writer, Anthropologist and a Postdoctoral researcher at the Centro de Estudos Internacionais – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (CEI-IUL).
He earned an International Masters in Sociology of Law (Magna cum laude approbatur) from the International Institute for the Sociology of Law (IISJ) in Onati, Spain.
He also has a Diploma in Cultural Studies from the Centre for the Study of Culture and Society (CSCS) in Bangalore, India.
It stars English actors Steven Berkoff (Dr. Goodfellow), Martin Hancock (Faust) and includes music based on Richard Wagner and tracks from Swiss electronic music duo Yello.
Faust (Martin Hancock) is a CEO of the leading Silicon Valley company Winestone Inc. Seeking infinite knowledge and god-like power, Faust makes a pact with the devil Mephisto (Glyn Dilley).
Faust subsequently decides to find his true love and, with the help of Mephisto, travels back in time to Greek mythology looking for Helen of Troy who he marries .
The Last Faust also follows the story of Faust creating the first superhuman Homunculus (Edwin de la Renta), who executes Faust's will upon his death.
It leads to the creation of a powerful digital neural AI-network that eventually decides it does not need its creators anymore.
In other words, this feels more like a museum piece than a movie, designed to tease and confront the viewer rather than to recount a coherent story with empathetic characters.
As a Japanese-Canadian growing up in British Columbia, her family was placed in various Japanese Internment Camps during World War II.
After the war, she accepted a position in Kitsilano and was later awarded an honorary degree from the University of British Columbia.
When she was seven years old, her father was arrested as part of the Internment of Japanese Americans across Canada during World War II.
After her children were born, she began work as a substitute teacher and eventually enrolled in the University of British Columbia (UBC).
In 2011, Kitagawa successfully advocated UBC to gift the 76 Japanese Canadian students who were forced out of UBC following the Attack on Pearl Harbor honourary degrees.
She was later the recipient of the 2013 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal and National Association of Japanese Canadians Leadership Award.
Kitagawa and her husband Tosh also sat on the Community Council for the Landscapes of Injustice project at the University of Victoria.
In Pakistan, circular debt is a public debt which is a cascade of unpaid government subsidies, which results in accumulation of debt on distribution companies side.
The distribuation companies then could not pay to independent power producers who in turn unable to pay to fuel providing companies.
Henshaw earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a Master of Science from the National War College.
Henshaw is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1985.
He served in senior leadership positions at the Department of State, including as the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary and, starting in 2017, as Acting Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration from 2013 to 2018.
From 2011 to 2013, he served as Director of the Office of Andean Affairs, and, from 2008 to 2011, he served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United States Embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Prior to his ambassadorship he was a senior advisor to the Health Initiatives Task Force at the Department of State, coordinating efforts to respond to a series of health and security incidents affecting United States diplomats in Cuba and China.
The 2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly was given by the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, on Wednesday, January 15, 2020 in the Moscow Manege.
One of the key points of the message to the Federal Assembly was the proposal to introduce a number of amendments to the Constitution that significantly change the balance of power.
At the moment, the government is formed as follows: the President appoints the Prime Minister after receiving the consent of the State Duma, and then, at the suggestion of the Prime Minister, he appoints his Deputies and Federal Ministers.
If the amendments are adopted, the state Duma will appoint the Prime Minister, the State Duma will also give consent to the appointment of Deputy Prime Ministers and Federal Ministers, and the President will not be able to refuse to appoint them.
After the adoption of the amendment, only persons who have never previously had citizenship or a residence permit of another state, as well as have been permanent residents of Russia for at least 25 years, will be able to become President, instead of the current 10.
Another amendment will oblige the President to consult with the Federation Council when appointing heads of security services and regional prosecutors.
On the same day, Vladimir Putin nominated Mikhail Mishustin, the head of the Federal Tax Service, for the next Prime Minister.
On 15 January 2020, Vladimir Putin signed an order to create a working group to prepare proposals for amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The group included about 70 people, including the heads of the legal committees of both houses of Parliament Andrey Klishas and Pavel Krasheninnikov, a number of State Duma deputies and senators, as well as a number of public, cultural and sports figures.
In the 1960s he traveled to Francoist Spain and studied at the General Military Academy in Zaragoza, where he graduated as ensign along with Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo and other colleagues.
After the coup, Eulogio Oyó held numerous public positions, including Governor of the Insular Region, Vice President of the Supreme Military Council and Ambassador to the Organisation of African Unity.
Medvedev resigned after President Vladimir Putin, during his Address to the Federal Assembly, proposed amendments to the Constitution that change the balance of power.
Since United Russia has more than half of the seats in the State Duma, this means that Mishustin would become Prime Minister, even if all other parties voted against it.
However, since President Putin fulfilled the requirements of the Communist party, namely, dismissed the Medvedev government and proposed to expand the powers of the Parliament, the Communist party will not vote against the appointment of Mishustin.
According to State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin, from members of the previous cabinet, all factions expressed support for the power and international blocs, three Deputy Prime Ministers: Tatyana Golikova, Dmitry Kozak and Alexey Gordeyev, as well as Agriculture Minister Dmitry Patrushev.
According to Volodin, the MPs spoke critically about four Ministers from previous cabinet: the Education Minister Olga Vasilieva, the Culture Minister Vladimir Medinsky, the Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova and the Labour and Social Affairs Minister Maxim Topilin.
The Liberal Democratic Party also criticized Yury Trutnev, the Deputy Prime Minister and Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District.
It is found in the Indo-West Pacific from the Gulf of Oman, Socotra and the Persian Gulf, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, southwest India, Malaysia and Singapore and through the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines to the Solomon Islands south to Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia and New South Wales in Australia.
This species forms harems, consisting of a single male and a number of females, in areas with rubble and weed where the water is turbid and rich in plankton, on which this species feeds.
He is the founder of Speechify, the mobile and desktop text to speech software used by millions of people for speed learning, productivity, dyslexia and ADD.
In addition to Forbes and Inc., Speechify has been mentioned in popular publications including The New York Times and media in Germany, Switzerland, Greece, Japan, and others around the world.
His story of not being able to learn how to read and then later growing to reading 100 books a year after his father would read Harry Potter outloud to him has been shared thousands of times in the news and on social media.
According to The Wall Street Journal Weitzman is an expert at blitz chess and coached candidates before they played world chess champion Magnus Carlsen.
It was built in 1909 by the architect Carl Peter Brizzi for the banker Rudolf Bisteghi (1844-1933) on the place of an older smaller house belonging to the Bisteghi family.
The house was captured by Soviet troops after the occupation of Vienna in 1945 and later handed over to the French occupation authorities.
The 2020 Lunar New Year Cup (), was an annual football event to be held in Hong Kong to celebrate Chinese New Year.
However, on 23 January 2020, three days before the event, the HKFA announced its cancellation due to the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak.
Gus Blackwell (born November 4, 1955) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 61st district from 2002 to 2014.
She is the daughter of the Sky God who sent her down to earth along with her sister goddesses to prosper the human civilization.
In 2019, Basketball Victoria partnered with the National Basketball League (NBL) to create NBL1 to replace the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL), Australia's pre-eminent semi-professional basketball league between 1981 and 2018.
Following the merge of NBL1 and the Queensland Basketball League, the teams based in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania joined the newly created South conference of the NBL1.
After a successful first season, NBL1 announced in October 2019 that it would be expanding into Queensland for the 2020 season.
Whilst the Basketball Australia Centre of Excellence team withdrew ahead of the 2020 season, the Hobart Chargers and Mount Gambier Pioneers joined the conference and raised the number of teams to 18.
Though John Eames would only last one year behind the bench, the team responded well and finished with a team-record 10 wins.
Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.
Log 9 was founded by Akshay Singhal along with his father in 2015 and has acquired 16 patents in graphene synthesis and graphene products.
In 2017, Log 9 secured its first round of funding led by Gems Partners, a micro venture capital fund, to establish its own research & development center in Bangalore and tied up with the Indian Institute of Sciences to build products jointly using the latter’s analytical and research capabilities.
The company has set up its subsidiary in Mumbai by the name of Log 9 Spill Containment, a graphene-based product development company that specializes in oil and chemical spill containment solutions.
He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona where he won a bronze medal in taekwondo, considered a demonstration event for that edition.
Born in Sofia, Pampoulov left Bulgaria for Austria at the age of 10 and grew up in the city of Dornbirn.
As a doubles player he made two main draw appearances at the St. Poelten ATP Tour tournament and in 2003 won a Challenger title in his native Sofia.
He wasn't able to compete in varsity tennis until 2004 due to eligibility rules, then in 2005 was captain of the NCAA championship winning team.
Yasin Abdullahi Mahamoud (born 11 January 1998), known as Yasin Byn, or just the mononym Yasin, is a Swedish hip hop artist.
He was born in Rinkeby, part of the Swedish Million Programme for affordable housing in northwest Stockholm, and grew up with his mother and five siblings.
That led to him joining the Swedish hip hop collective Byn Block Entertainment or BBE with aspiring artist mostly from Rinkeby.
Barbara Kaltenbacher is an Austrian mathematician whose research concerns inverse problems, regularization, and constrained optimization, with applications including the mathematical modeling of piezoelectricity and nonlinear acoustics.
After taking temporary positions at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University of Göttingen, and University of Linz, she became a professor at the University of Stuttgart in 2006.
Sie is a former football player and Taekwondo fighter, He was the Ivorian Taekwando Champion twice before he started playing basketball.
He plays for the Ivorian side Abidjan Basket Club, He participated in the Basketball Africa League qualifiers where he averaged 14.33 points 3.4 rebounds and 4.7 assists.
He was included in the Ivorian team roster for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup, but he didnt play a match based on the decision of the Coach.
Søren Anton van der Aa Kühle (27 October 1849 - 12 April 1906) was a Danish brewer and chief business executive.
He was chief operational officer of Gamle Carlsberg from 1881 and succeeded J.C. Jacobsen as managing director of the brewery in 1887.
Kühle was born on 27 October 1849 in Aalborg, the son of first lieutenant and later colonel Nicolai Seyer K. (1815–83) and Margrethe Emilie Kofoed (1828–1900).
He attended Sorø Academy from 1761 but left the school after seventh grade in 1867 to enroll at the Army Officer Academy in Copenhagen.
He was made a second lieutenant at the age of 19 but left the army in 1876 and was in 1877 granted rank oif captain.
On 1 April 1879 he started working for Gamle Carlsberg where J.C. Jacobsen was soon struck by his technical and administrative qualifications.
In a contract dated 18 May 1880 Jacobsen appointed him as chief operational officer with effect from 1 October 1881 as well as his future successor as managing director of the brewery following his own death.
Upon Jacobsen's death in 1887, Gamle Carlsberg was therefore headed by Kühle in close collaboration with its new owner Carlsberg Foundation.He played a key role in the proces that culminated with the merger of Gamle Carlsberg with Carl Jacobsen's Nye Carlsberg in 1902.
Kühle married Johanne Emilie Wibroe (27 March 1851 - 2 October 1933), a daughter of Carl Wibroe (1812–88) and Christine Wilhelmine Magdalene Klentz, on 4 December 1875 in Helsingør.
All of the individuals executed were convicted of murder and have been executed by lethal injection at the Huntsville Unit in Huntsville, Texas.
As an example, John Steven Gardner (the first person executed in Texas during the 2020 decade) was the 568th person executed since resumption of the death penalty.
At the time, the parish of Chard was considered by the Bath and Wells Diocesan Church Building Association as in great need of additional church accommodation.
Tatworth and its neighbouring hamlets were situated up to three and a half miles from the parish church of St Mary the Virgin.
After a delay of some months, a meeting of the building committee in June 1841 selected a site gifted by Earl Poulett, the lord of the manor, who also donated £50 and building stone from his quarries.
Although the Church Commissioners approved the plans drawn up by Mr. Charles Pinch of Bath, construction did not begin and the scheme was postponed.
It was revived by the end of the decade and the foundation stone was laid by Mrs. Whitehead, the wife of the vicar, Rev.
The Bishop performed the consecration on behalf of the Bishop of Bath and Wells, who was unable to attend due to illness.
Grants were received from the Parent Church Building Association (£140), the Bath and Wells Diocesan Building Society (£145) and the Church Building Commission (£300).
In order to accommodate the instrument, funds were raised by public subscription for the construction of a gallery at the west end of the nave.
The churchyard was extended by approximately a quarter of an acre in 1874 and consecrated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
A new organ built by Henry Speechly and Sons of Dalston was installed in 1897 and formally opened on 6 May 1897.
Stained glass was added to the east end of the church in 1905 and the stained glass of the south chancel window was installed in 1962.
The 2020 South American Futsal World Cup qualifiers will be a men's futsal tournament that is used as the South American qualifying tournament to determine the four CONMEBOL teams in the 2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup final tournament in Lithuania.
Prior to 2012, the Copa América de Futsal was used as the CONMEBOL qualifying tournament for the FIFA Futsal World Cup.
The draw of the tournament was held on 15 January 2020, 12:30 PYST (), at the CONMEBOL headquarters at Luque, Paraguay.
The hosts and holders, Brazil, and the previous tournament's runners-up, Argentina, were seeded in Groups A and B respectively, while the other eight teams were divided into four pots based on their results in the 2016 qualifiers, and were drawn to the remaining group positions.
The top two teams of each group advance to the knockout stage and qualify for the 2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup.
The six-hour day is a schedule by which the employees or other members of an institution (which may also be, for example, a school) spend six hours contributing.
In Gothenburg, an experiment with 70 nurses over 18 months found decreases in sick leave, better self-reported health, as well as an increase in productivity, though with a cost of 1,3 million USD.
The discography of Four Year Strong, an American rock band, consists of seven studio albums, one compilation album, five extended plays and eight singles.
Texas crackers were American pioneer settlers and their descendants who migrated from the Southeastern United States to what is now the U.S. state of Texas.
The word was later associated with the cowboys of Georgia and Florida and Texas, many of them descendants of those early frontiersmen.
In the 18th century, the residents of Spanish Texas began to herd cattle on horseback to sell in Louisiana, both legally and illegally.
Following the American Civil War, vaquero culture combined with the cattle herding and drover traditions of the southeastern United States that evolved as settlers moved west.
Additional influences developed out of Texas as cattle trails were created to meet up with the railroad lines of Kansas and Nebraska, in addition to expanding ranching opportunities in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Front, east of the Continental Divide.
Thus, the Texas cowboy tradition arose from a combination of cultural influences, in addition to the need for adaptation to the geography and climate of west Texas and the need to conduct long cattle drives to get animals to market.
Historian Terry Jordan proposed in 1982 that some Texan traditions that developed—particularly after the Civil War—may trace to colonial South Carolina, as most settlers to Texas were from the southeastern United States.
In a subsequent work, Jordan also noted that the influence of post-War Texas upon the whole of the frontier Western cowboy tradition was likely much less than previously thought.
It depicts a scene from the Western Front near Ypres in Belgium, and was developed from an eye-witness sketch which Nash drew whilst at the scene in 1917.
Born in Kensington, London, England, in 1889, Paul Nash served in the Artists Rifles following the outbreak of World War I.
He was sent to Flanders in February 1917, but was invalided back to London in May 1917, a few days before his unit was nearly obliterated at the Battle of Messines.
Nash became an official war artist and returned to the Ypres Salient, where he was shocked by the devastation caused by war.
Nash drew it as a sketch at the location of the battle in 1917 and then developed it into a full watercolour in 1918, following his return to England.
Art historians are divided as to whether the picture represents hope of a better future or is fundamentally pessimistic in nature.
But other sources opine that despite the title and the image of the rising sun, Nash does not intend us to view this positively.
On 4 February 1952 Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod called for an all out protest as a part of Language Movement on 21 February.
However, the acknowledgement of the continent's geodiversity is still lagging behind the recognition of its biodiversity, many areas of global importance are not represented under international agreements, and national legislative acts on the protection of geoheritage are limited.
The African Geoparks Network (AGN) was founded in 2009 in Abidjan by the African Association of Women in Geosciences (AAWG) during the 5th Conference of Women and Geosciences for Peace.
The scope of the organization is not limited to Africa sensum stricto, but the Middle East is also associated with it.
Besides the ICGAME , AGN is organizing in collaboration with local, national and international stakeholders other workshops and scientific sessions, such as the Day for Earth Sciences in Africa and the Middle East in 2013.
In 2019 November, it was announced that the African UNESCO Global Geopark Network is founded, as the 4th regional geopark network of Global Geoparks Network (GGN).
Its primary aim is to function as a platform to support the promotion of the UNESCO Global Geopark concept and the capacity building of the numerous geopark initiatives and projects on the continent.
The official launch of the organization is expected with the 1st African UNESCO Global Geoparks International Conference in Arusha, Tanzania in May 2020.
Khaleque Nawaz Khan (26 March 1926 – 2 October 1971) was a Bangladeshi language activist, politician and lawyer belonging to Awami League.
Alam applied for a job at Dhaka Medical College after passing MBBS but he did not get as there was no vacancy.
He was among those people who raised objection against the remark of Muhammad Ali Jinnah on state language on the convocation of the University of Dhaka on 24 March 1948.
The Prosperity Party () is a political party in Ethiopia established on December 1, 2019 as a successor to the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) by incumbent Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.
The merger into a country wide party is part of Ahmed's general policy of distancing the country's politics from ethnic federalism, and will thus run for the first time in the May 2020 general election.
The Prosperity Party was formed through the merging of three former EPRDF member parties, the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP) and the Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM).
The Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), the Benishangul-Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front (BGPDUF), the Ethiopian Somali People's Democratic Party (ESPDP), the Gambela People's Democratic Movement (GPDM) and the Hareri National League (HNL) were also included in the merger.
Defence Minister Lemma Megersa have been very critical of the new party, as well as the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the dominant party in the former EPRDF for 27 years and the only one not to join the new party.
The party's logo consists of two black hands holding three human figures, one blue, one yellow, and one pink, with sun rays shooting outwards from the human figures.
Of these, six are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
In the parish is Biddulph Grange, a country house, which is listed together with a number of decorative features in its garden and grounds.
The other listed buildings include houses and associated features, cottages,farm houses and farm buildings, churches and items in churchyards, a wayside cross, two milestones, a drinking trough, a tower, the engine house of a former coal mine, a school, almshouses, bridges, and two war memorials.
Tofazzal Hossain (5 October 1935 – 5 December 2015) was a Bangladeshi language activist, civil servant, journalist, poet, lyricist and writer.
Şevkati Hulusi Bey (Kadıköy, Istanbul – Istanbul) was a Turkish football player and one of the founders of Fenerbahçe Sports Club.
He is a founding director at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems where he leads the Perceiving Systems Department in research focused on computer vision, machine learning, and computer graphics.
The main observation was that spatial discontinuities in image motion and violations of the standard brightness constancy assumption could be treated as outliers.
The method was used to compute optical flow for the painterly effects in What Dreams May Come and for registering 3D face scans in The Matrix Reloaded.
They learned the potential functions of an MRF with large spatial cliques by modeling the field potentials as a product of experts.
In the 2000s, Black worked with John Donoghue and others at Brown University to create the technology behind the BrainGate neural prosthetics technology.
With these Bayesian decoding methods, the team demonstrated the successful point-and-click control of a computer cursor by a human with paralysis and the decoding of full arm and hand movement in non-human primates.
His team was the first to fit a learned 3D human body model to multi-camera image data at CVPR 2007, under clothing at ECCV 2008, from a single image at ICCV 2009, and from RGB-D data at ICCV 2011.
His group produced the popular SMPL 3D body model (and various extensions) and popularized methods for estimating 3D body shape from images.
SMPL is widely used in both academia and industry and was one of the core technologies licensed by Body Labs Inc.
This provided a framework for posing a forward synthesis problem and automatically obtaining an optimization method to solve the inverse problem.
The MPI-Sintel Flow dataset demonstrated that synthetic data was sufficiently rich and similar to real data to provide a rigorous benchmark and to be useful for learning optical flow.
The HumanEva dataset was the first dataset with ground truth 3D human poses in correspondence with RGB video of people in motion.
Related to human pose, shape, and activity, Black has contributed to the SURREAL dataset of human motions, the JHMDB dataset of human actions, and the FAUST dataset of 3D body shapes.
1985–1989: After his bachelor's degree, Black moved to the Bay Area and worked as a software engineer at GTE Government Systems and Advanced Decision Systems (ADS) developing expert systems on the Xerox and Symbolics Lisp machines.
During this time, he completed his Master's of Computer Science in Symbolic and Heuristic Computation through the Honors Co-Op Program at Stanford.
He completed his PhD at the NASA Ames Research Center in the Human Factors Research Division led by Andrew (Beau) Watson.
1992–1993: Black did post-doctoral work at the University of Toronto as an Assistant Professor of Computer Science (Contractually Limited Term Appointment).
2011–present: In 2011, Black became a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and one of the founding directors of the new MPI for Intelligent Systems.
2017–present: In 2017, with the acquisition of Body Labs by Amazon, Black joined Amazon as a Distinguished Amazon Scholar on a part-time basis.
In addition to co-founding the MPI for Intelligent Systems, Black led the founding of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Intelligent Systems.
In 2015, he proposed an initiative that has since become Cyber Valley, which aims to make the Stuttgart-Tübingen region of Germany a world leader in AI research and applications.
In 2013, a team from Black's group spun out Body Labs which commercialized 3D body model technology for the clothing and games industry.
It was founded under its original name, Steps International by Nick Fraser and Mette Hoffmann Meyer in 2004 and renamed in 2014.
The foundation expresses commitment to free access to information, providing free online screening on their website and on YouTube, as well as partnering with TV stations across the world for Public-access television.
From 2004 the foundation was headed by CEO Don Edkins, he was succeeded by danish documentary filmmaker Christoffer Guldbrandsen in 2014.
In 2018 the foundation released its fourth documentary series called Why Slavery?, documenting various forms of modern slavery in six films.
The 1980 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders.
He had a succession of jobs before becoming involved in pro-Nazi organizations in Chicago in the early 1930s and becoming a full time Nazi propagandist there.
He returned to Germany in 1938 to work in propaganda for the Deutscher Fichte-Bund with responsibility for Ireland, the United States and Canada, attempting to cultivate ties in the U.S. through correspondence with Irish-Americans and anyone there who might be sympathetic to German interests.
His letters were extensively quoted from in the proceedings of the Dies committee of the U.S. Congress's House Un-American Activities Committee in 1939.
In his letters, Pfaus said he had served in the United States Army, in the Sixth Corps at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and at Camp Custer, Michigan.
According to author Ladislas Farago, he had also been a hobo and had worked as a forester, a prospector, a cowboy, and a policeman in Chicago where he learned about undercover work in the fight with organized crime.
He had filed papers for naturalization as an American citizen and according to evidence later given in Congress, obtained it due to his military service.
Pfaus became active in pro-Nazi activities in the early 1930s and at least initially was not an official agent of the German government which at that time was not interested in developing spies in the United States.
In Chicago he was a member of the Germania Club of Chicago along with ardent Nazis Walter Kappe and Heinz Spanknöbel and was the Chicago leader of the Friends of New Germany that was founded by Spanknöbel in 1933.
In New York, he joined Ignatz Griebl's not very secret cell of fledgling spies there in 1934 with Axel Wheeler-Hill and another man.
The cell was created on the inititaive of Grieb who had written to Joseph Goebbels in Germany offering his services as a spy.
Records of the NSDAP (Nazi Party) show that in 1936 he was an informant for the Reichspressestelle (Reich Press Office) on German matters in the United States.
Pfaus returned to Germany in 1938 at the suggestion of Tegeliss Tannhaeuser, the German consul in Chicago, to head the American-Canadian-Irish section of the Deutscher Fichte-Bund, the Nazi propaganda agency in Hamburg.
On 12 January 1939, the IRA set out to raise its profile with Germany and to establish a working relationship with the Nazis by sending an ultimatum to Lord Halifax, the British foreign secretary, that if British troops were not withdrawn from Ireland within days, further action would be taken.
The IRA subsequently declared war on Britain and began a series of bomb attacks in England on 16 January under the S-Plan or Sabotage Campaign.
The British authorities warned the Irish that he was coming but Irish intelligence did not keep him under close surveillance as they thought he was travelling only to spread propaganda.
O'Duffy refused to help but Pfaus was able to contact the IRA through O'Duffy's secretary, the fascist sympathiser Liam D. Walsh who knew Maurice Twomey, a former IRA Chief of Staff.
Twomey took Pfaus to a Dublin safe house while his status was established and that having been done, Pfaus met IRA leaders Seán Russell and Jim O'Donovan as well as other IRA members.
It was agreed that an IRA man would visit Germany for further discussions and a £1 note was torn in half for identification purposes with the visitor to take one half and Pfaus to keep the other half.
As well as the IRA, Pfaus was also able to meet individuals from the wider Irish nationalist and republican movements which contained strands of pro-fascism, anti-Semitism, and anti-communism.
Another of Pfaus's contacts was Maurice O'Connor, an Irish railway clerk who had visited Germany and was pro-Nazi and later took a significant role in the CCOG as it became more radical.
As a result of Pfaus's visit, the IRA established better connections with the Germans, but they never acquired the munitions and wireless equipment that they hoped for, while the Germans never persuaded the IRA to launch a full assault on Northern Ireland to divert British troops away from the mainland, meaning that there were few concrete results of the collaboration.
The German agents that followed Pfaus into Ireland during the war proved ineffectual at best and incompetent at worst, such as Walter Simon who was briefed by Pfaus and arrived in Ireland with a list of 2,400 people whom the Abwehr thought might be good contacts but who got drunk and was quickly arrested with the list that the Irish used to round-up potential subversives.
Back in Germany, as part of his propaganda activities for the Deutscher Fichte-Bund (DFB), Pfaus wrote ingratiating letters to contacts in the United States whom he thought might be sympathetic to Germany, adapting his approach according to their background and interests, such as being Irish-American and therefore perhaps not supportive of the British Empire, or anti-Semitic or anti-communist.
In 1941, Pfaus was in Paris and visited the British fascist sympathiser and broadcaster, Susan Sweney (Mrs Susan Hilton), at her hotel with the head of the DFB Theodore Kessemeir to ask her to undertake undercover work in Ireland, the United States or Portuguese East Africa.
In November 1943, Pfaus attempted to meet Irish citizens in Paris who might know about the preparations for the Allied invasion of France, possibly an Irish girl who would spy for the Germans in return for transit to Ireland.
He achieved little however, because his main source, the Irish priest father Kenneth Monaghan of the Chapelle Saint-Joseph, had been an officer in the British Army during the First World War and was a chaplain to the British Expeditionary Force in 1940 with connections to MI6.
When Susan Sweney was interviewed by MI5 in 1945, she claimed to have worked with Monaghan to smuggle British merchant seamen out of Paris.
John Hugo Wolfgang Gideon Liebeschuetz (born 22 June 1927) is a British historian who specializes in the history of Roman religion.
In 1979 he was appointed Professor and Head of the Institute for Classical and Archaeological Studies at the University of Nottingham.
The official German Airplay Chart is an airplay chart compiled by Nielsen Music Controlon behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie (Federal Association of Phonographic Industry).
African Australian identity is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as African Australian and as relating to being African Australian.
As a group identity, African Australian can denote pan-African ethnic identity, as well as a diasporic identity in relation to the perception of Africa as a homeland.
In 2011, chaired by Maria Vamvakinou, the Joint Standing Committee on Migration discussed the topic in relation to multiculturalism in Australia.
In 2017, two female students of South Sudanese heritage attending Bentleigh Secondary College were reported to have been discriminated against for being asked to remove their hair braids.
The following year, another ABC piece detailed a former SBS World News employee's experience of work-place discrimination when asked to remove her braided hairstyle.
Specializing in intercultural parenting, Southern Cross University lecturer Dr Dharam Bhugun has demonstrated Australian parents of African heritage ascribing and encouraging an African Australian identity onto their children.
Research from Victoria University, Melbourne in 2015 demonstrated how African Australian identity was perceived as being closely linked to racial profiling and unjust lack of employment opportunity in Australia.
A further 2018 study at Victoria University also examined the distinct national linguistic and cultural aspects to various African nationalities, diaspora and their descendents in Australia, in relaton to a broader African Australian sense of self.
In research conducted at La Trobe University in 2018, participants demonstrated an internal self-identification conflict between relating to being African Australian versus nationally focused identites, such as Ethiopian Australian.
Australian National University academic, and Dickson College associate, Dr Kirk Zwangobani has been noted for his exploration of the emergence of African Australian identity in multiple research studies.
Charles-Michel Marle (born 26 November 1934 in Guelma, Algeria) is a French engineer and mathematician, corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences since 1983.
Charles-Michel Marle completed his primary and secondary education in Constantine (Algeria) where he obtained the first part of the baccalaureate in 1950, and the second part (elementary mathematics series) in 1951.
He was a pupil of the preparatory classes for the grandes écoles at the Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers: higher mathematics in 1951-1952, then special mathematics in 1952-1953.
He did his military service as a second lieutenant at the Engineering School in Angers from October 1955 to February 1956, then in Algeria during the war until 30 December 1956.
Having been kept in the army for a few more months, he began attending the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines in Paris in January 1957, three months late.
From October 1957 to September 1958 he attended the École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs and completed various internships in the oil industry in France and Algeria.
Returning to the Paris School of Mines in October 1958, his last year of study was interrupted in January or February 1959 by the decision, taken at that time by the Minister of Industry, to send all junior civil servants of category A to Algeria to participate in the Constantine Plan.
He was then attached to the short-lived Common Organisation of the Saharan Regions and worked in Algiers, the Sahara and Paris on various industrial projects.
In October 1959 he was seconded by the Corps des Mines to the French Petroleum Institute (IFP), where he was a research engineer, then head of department, then director of division, until September 1969.
While working at this Institute, with a view to a change of direction, he obtained a degree in mathematics and prepared a doctoral thesis under the supervision of Professor André Lichnerowicz.
He works on this thesis outside of working hours at IFP, as his subject has nothing to do with the research done at this Institute.
First he was a lecturer at the University of Besançon from October 1969 to September 1975, then at the Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University in Paris, and was appointed professor at this university in 1977.
Charles-Michel Marle is the great-great-grandson of the grammarian L. C. Marle (1799-1860), author of an attempt at spelling reform around 1840.
He published a book on the subject, developing a course that he taught at the École nationale du pétrole et des moteurs.
The problem he studied in his thesis was the establishment of equations of viscous, heat-conducting, non-uniform composition relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann relativistic equation.
Since the early 1970s, and until today, he has worked mainly on symplectic geometry, Poisson geometry and their applications in mechanics and physics.
He has recently published another book, taking up part of the previous one, exposing recent results obtained in this field since 1987.
Switzer's Asylum also known as Saint James Asylum was founded by James Switzer of Kilkenny in the 1800s for the housing of twenty poor widows.
The asylum was founded with the aim of housing twelve protestant and eight roman catholic widows in the units with an additional sum of twenty pounds per year.
Today Switzer's Asylum is nineteen units managed by the Church of Ireland in St Patrick’s Parish, Kilkenny.The foundation was established by Act of Parliament which identified who would be entitled to be resident in the units.
There is a monument at the front of the building which is a statue by Benjamin Schrowder of Dublin of the founder.
Enrico Crivelli (20 July 1820 – c.1870) was an Italian opera singer who sang leading baritone and bass-baritone roles in the major opera houses of Italy as well as in Spain, Russia, Germany, France, and England.
He was born in Brescia, the youngest son of the celebrated tenor Gaetano Crivelli and died in Milan after a career spanning almost 30 years.
Crivelli was born in Brescia to a musical family, the most famous of which was his father, the tenor Gaetano Crivelli.
However, following his father's death in 1836 and with the encouragement of Simon Mayr, he began singing studies with Eliodoro Bianchi.
He went on to sing leading baritone roles in the major opera houses of Northern Italy, appearing at La Fenice, La Scala, and the Teatro Regio di Torino amongst others, as well as in Spain, Russia, Germany, France, and England.
He was member of the music academies of Rome, Florence, Bologna, Turin, and Brescia and an honorary member of the academies of Zaragoza and Cordoba in Spain.
The Jewish cemetery Anklam is a Jewish burial place in the Western Pomeranian Anklam in the administrative district Western Pomerania-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
It is separated from south and east adjoining private properties by a 0.50 m high field stone wall capped by a red clinker brick-on-end course and a newly planted hedge in front of it.
On the cemetery there are 31 very well preserved gravestones dating from the end of the 19th / beginning of the 20th century.
Only the containers for recyclable materials set up in the north in front of the cemetery wall disturb the overall impression of the complex.
The Jewish community in Anklam, which was founded at the beginning of the 19th century, was able to build its first cemetery in 1817, which seems to have been used only for a short time.
Around 1850 a new cemetery was built on the outskirts of the town, which was used until the Nazi era (1936 last funeral) but was later destroyed.
In 1940, in the name of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany and the dissolving synagogue congregation, the cemetery land was sold for 250 Marks to the Mecklenburg-Pommersche Schmalspurbahn AG, which had undertaken not to interfere with it.
Following the bomb attacks on the town in August 1944, however, it was used as a dumping ground for rubble and the cemetery was largely destroyed.
The last Jewish residents of Anklam were deported on 11-12 February 1940 via Szczecin to the district of Lublin in occupied Poland; no-one returned.
Since 1962 it has existed in its present form as a memorial having been declared a memorial in the presence of a rabbi.
The 2020 Port Adelaide Football Club season is the club's 24th season in the Australian Football League (AFL) and the 150th year since its inception in 1870.
Koyra Union () is one of the seven union councils under Koyra Upazila of Khulna District in the Khulna Division of southern region Bangladesh.
It shares borders with Moharajpur Union to the north, Dakkhin Bedkasi and Kapotaksha River located In the south, To the east Shakbaria River and Sundarbans, to the west are the Kapotaksha River and Shamnagar upazila of Satkhira district.
He is a Member of the Board of the American Association for Adult & Continuing Education (AAACE), and the Director of the Commission for International Adult Education (CIAE) of AAACE.
Avoseh received his bachelor's and master's degrees in Philosophy, a Postgraduate Diploma in Teacher Education, and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in Adult Education all from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria in 1982, 1984, 1986 and 1991 respectively.
He also holds a Master of Science degree in Educational Leadership and Administration from the College of Saint Rose, Albany in 2006.
He is as well a Certified Quality Assurance Review Chair for the AdvancED Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement, and a recipient of the Fulbright Storytelling Certificate awarded by the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs through the Poynter Institute’s News University.
Avoseh began his post-secondary level teaching career as an Adjunct Lecturer at the Department of Adult Education, University of Ibadan and Saints Peter and Paul Seminary, Ibadan from 1986 to 1995.
He then moved to the University of Namibia where he taught from 1998 to 2001 after which he moved to the U.S. as a Teacher in the New York City Public School System from 2001 to 2004.
He was appointed an Assistant Professor at the University of South Dakota in 2004, and ultimate a full Professor in 2015.
Avoseh has researched, designed and taught several courses in the areas of adult and continuing education especially learning theories, social justice and indigenous pedagogy, and international education in Nigeria, Namibia, United States, and in Botswana (as a Fulbright scholar).
He has published widely in different areas of adult and higher education, international and comparative education, diaspora and global citizenship, rural development, literacy, indigenous/cultural education as well as in gender and policy issues in education in various first-tier disciplinary journals and with leading publishers.
He is a member of the following professional associations: The American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE), Commission for International Adult Education (of AAACE) of which he is the Director, International Society for Comparative Adult Education (ISCAE), Transnational Education and Learning Society (TELS), African Educational Development Association (AEDA), World Association for Case Method Research and Application (WACRA), and Dakota Teachers of English as a Second Language (Dakota TESL).
Ethel Granger (* April 12, 1905 in Cambridgeshire as Ethel Mary Wilson; † January-March 1982 in Peterborough) was one of the most famous main figures in the development of contemporary piercing and body modification in Europe.
As world record holder with the narrowest documented waist size she entered the Guinness Book of Records in 1939 with a waist circumference of only 13 inches.
As a young woman she met the astronomer William Arnold Granger (* July 1, 1904; † March 4, 1974), whom she married in 1928.
The marriage produced a daughter, Wilhelmina Granger 1930-2001, and her husband demanded that Ethel Granger wear corsets to give her a narrow waist.
She wore these day and night - later also a specially made steel ring - and finally laced her waist to a circumference of 13 inches.
At first she did not feel comfortable wearing her jewellery and displaying her figure in public, but after the war, with the change in fashion, Ethel and William began to break down barriers.
The Blackberries consisting of Billie Barnum, Venetta Fields and Clydie King toured with Pink Floyd on the Dark Side of the Moon Tour in October 1973.
Richard 'Bugman' Jones FRES is an entomologist in the UK, he is a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and has written many books about insects.
Jones had a childhood interest in insects inspired by his father who was a botanist, he grew up in the South Downs and the Sussex Weald at university he studied biology and then worked in medical publishing until moving back into entomology.
Jones is a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and of the Linnean Society, he is a past president of the British Entomological and Natural History Society.
The Bands of the Household Division (commonly known as the Bands of the Guards Division) refer to the amalgamated five military bands of the Foot Guards regiments that perform in a massed bands configuration during public duties events in London, the national capital of the United Kingdom.
The massed bands numbers around 250 musicians who are members of the Corps of Army Music rather than the named regiments.
In addition to the occasional pipers that join the bands, the presence of the Bands of the Household Division totals to approximately 400 musicians.
Upon hearing the command, three strikes on a bass drum and a playing of one note by the bands give the signal for the Massed Bands to begin.
Under the command of the Senior Drum Major, the Massed Bands march and countermarch on Horse Guards Parade in slow and quick time.
During the quick march, a lone drummer from the Corps of Drums breaks away to post himself just to the right of No.
It is based on a 16th-century military ceremony in England that was first used to recall nearby patrolling units to their castle.
It is held each year, on the Wednesday and Thursday evenings preceding Trooping the Colour, with the Massed Bands, Pipes and Drums and Corps of Drums of the Household Division, supported by The King's Troop and visiting military bands from around the world.
The first bandmaster to be commissioned was Daniel Godfrey of the Grenadier Guards, this being a personal award coming with a Jubilee Medal as part of Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee Honours in 1887.
Talmar became known especially for her numerous operetta cross sections, which were created in the 1950s and 1960s and published exclusively on Polydor records.
In these recordings Talmar always sang the soprano part under the musical direction of the operetta conductor Franz Marszalek, with changing tenor partners such as Sándor Kónya, Fritz Wunderlich, Franz Fehringer and Reinhold Bartel; further performers were often Peter Alexander, Willy Hofmann, and Renate Holm.
Talmar made numerous complete recordings of operettas and musical comedies on radio in the 1950s and 1960s, mostly on Westdeutscher Rundfunk with Franz Marszalek.
Because of her pleasant speaking voice and her acting talent Talmar always took over the speaking role of the respective part; often in comparable productions for singers and actors separate interpreters were engaged.
Talmar's radio recordings at the Westdeutscher Rundfunk, as far as they have survived, have been released extensively in recent years on CDs, in some cases on several labels (Line Music, Membran, Hamburger Archiv für Gesangskunst).
After ending her singing career in the mid-1960s, Talmar appeared as an actress, among others at the Münchner Volkstheater in 1968.
Lynden B. Miller (born December 8, 1938) is a renowned public garden designer, parks advocate and author best known for her restoration of Central Park's Conservatory Garden in 1982–1983.
She attended Chapin School (Class of 1956) and graduated from Smith College, Class of 1960 where she studied art and spent her junior year abroad at the University of Florence.
Combining her aesthetic talents and training, knowledge gained from horticultural classes in Chelsea-Westminster College in England and instruction at the New York Botanical Garden, Miller first designed her own garden at her home in Sharon, Connecticut in 1979.
Her selection of plants was influenced by her desire to fill the space like a canvas with texture and color in every season.
She experimented with a broad palette of colors and range of native flora, shrubs, annuals and perennials to create her signature painterly plantings.
In 1982, Elizabeth Barlow Rogers invited her friend and colleague to help devise a vision for the restoration of a 6-acre portion of Central Park on 104th Street.
The result was a lush, safe refuge that reopened in June 1987 and was accessible to all, a fact about public spaces that is important to Miller.
Miller's very visible success with Central Park led to subsequent commissions and collaborations among them a project with landscape architect Laurie Olin.
Bryant Park closed in 1988 and when it reopened in 1992, Miller's effective intervention resulted in an oasis that drew people to the park in the spring, summer, fall and winter.
Miller designed the Jane Watson Irwin Perennial Garden at New York Botanical Garden, Madison Square Park, the Heather Garden at Fort Tryon Park, the Chelsea Cove Entry Garden at Hudson River Park (Pier 62), the British Garden at Hanover Square, Trinity Churchyard, two gardens at the Bayard Cutting Arboretum, and the Pier 44 Waterfront Garden in Red Hook.
In 1996, Miller was asked to update the gardens at Columbia in time for the Centennial observation of their move to the Morningside campus.
At Princeton, Miller was invited in 2005 to work with Michael Van Valkenburgh as the university's consulting gardening architect, focusing on the 17 gardens that are distributed throughout the campus.
Together they sought ways to make planting choices that respected the history of the property but also took climate change into account such as installing fewer annuals and substituting perennials.
A good example of this is her collaboration with Dutch bulb grower Hans van Waardenburg in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks; Miller launched and co-founded the Daffodil Project and together with NYC Parks Commissioner Adrian Benepe and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, she led the planting of thousands of daffodils throughout the park system to honor the victims of the attack.
As of 2019, over 7.5 million daffodils have been planted in parks, school yards, community gardens and tree beds on sidewalks throughout the five boroughs.
The book details not only her approach to designing attractive gardens for public use but also how to secure funding and volunteers for these maintenance heavy endeavors.
Most recently she narrated and hosted a documentary about one of America's most notable landscape architects, Beatrix Jones Farrand called Beatrix Farrand, American Landscapes.
Major general Babar Iftikhar is two-star Pakistani General of Pakistan Army serving as the 21st Director-General of Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), in office since 1 February 2020.
With a remarkable experience in command, staff, and army instruction, Iftikhar has also served as a Brigade major and brigade staff for an infantry division in North Waziristan.
He has studied at National Defense University in Islamabad and later, Royal Command and Staff College in Jordan, better known as Royal Jordanian Army.
After completing his education in Pakistan and Jordan, He was appointed in Pakistan army in Multan and later promoted to the rank of Maj Gen in 2018 among 987 other officers.
It features the Addison Blockhouse, a small coquina rock ruin that was on a 19th-century plantation and served as a kitchen as well as a fort.
It contains a circular tower in one corner, 6 feet in diameter and 11 feet in height, as well as a large fireplace.
There is also an adjacent foundation and walls of a sugar mill from 1832 during the time McRae owned the plantation.
Nile International Hospital is one of the biggest hospitals in Uganda and specifically the biggest in the Eastern Region Eastern Region, Uganda.
Other hospitals in Uganda include Mulago National Referral Hospital, International Hospital Kampala, International Specialized Hospital of Uganda and TMR International Hospital.
Other large hospitals in Jinja include the Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Al-Shafa Modern Hospital Ltd. and Rippon Medical Center located at Nile Ave, Jinja-Uganda.
Safrai Gallery (Safrai Art Gallery) is an art gallery in Jerusalem Safrai Art Gallery of Jerusalem run by Dov and Shoshana Safrai.
Dov Safrai's grandfather, Rabbi Mendel Harrison emigrated from Weshbelov, Lithuania to British Mandatory Palestine in 1888, where he worked making mirrors.
Asher Bookbinder, who had been a building contractor in Newark, New Jersey, emigrated to Israel after the stockmarket crash of 1929 and opened an art gallery in 1935 in the Jerusalem neighborhood of Nahalat Shiv'a.
Bernard Pucker, owner of Boston's Pucker Gallery, cooperated with the Safrai Gallery for many years, operating in the 1970s and 1980s as the Pucker/Safrai Gallery at 171 Newbury Street, Boston.
By 1995, it had 90,281 members, and the following year, it merged with the Building and Construction Union, to form IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt.
The river has its source in the Hal-Urekchen, at the confluence of the Left Balygychan and Right Balygychan rivers of the Kolyma Highlands.
North of the town the Balygychan flows along a marshy intermontane basin where the river widens, meanders and divides in arms.
In addition to this, air quality was very poor acorss much of the west, in connection with record power consumption in major cities, such as Vancouver.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Omaha's inaugural season.
Among of the most famous designers in Ukraine, BEVZA was a first brand that reminded strict, accurate cocktail dresses as ‘must have' in every wardrobe.
BEVZA is famous and wanted in Ukraine for its dresses, especially for its ‘little white dress', which is modified and shown in every collection.
In May 2019, Game of Thrones star Sophie Turner wore one of the BEVZA designer’s white jumpsuits to wed Joe Jonas at A Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas.
On top of that, the clothes have wound up on Emily Ratajkowski, Dakota Johnson, Bella Hadid and Gigi Hadid, among other models and glitterati.
In 2015 a coup d'état was allegedly attempted in Sri Lanka by former president Mahinda Rajapaksa in order to remain in power after he had been voted out in the 2015 Sri Lankan presidential election.
Rajapaksa, who was expected to easily win a third term in office lost to Maithripala Sirisena, a former ally and member of the Rajapaksa admiinistration.
Though ultimately there was a peaceful transition between governments, some government officials claim Rajapaksa made an attempt to deploy the army and police to stop the counting of votes when initial results showed he was heading for defeat.
The presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa, from 2005 to 2015 was an increasingly authoritarian regime characterised by the diminishing human rights in the country, nepotism, weakening of government institutions, slow progress of national reconciliation in the aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War, and controversial ties to China.
In September 2010 Parliament, which was controlled by Rajapaksa's UPFA, passed the eighteenth amendment to the constitution, removing the two term limit on presidents, allowing Rajapaksa to run for a third term.
There was speculation in mid-2014 that Rajapaksa would call another early presidential election: on 20 October 2014 Minister of Mass Media and Information Keheliya Rambukwella confirmed that the election would be held in January 2015.
The following day election commissioner Mahinda Deshapriya announced that nominations would be taken on 8 December 2014 and that the election would be held on 8 January 2015.
In response to the degrading democracy in the country, the United National Party (UNP), along with several other parties and civil organisations, signed a Memorandum of Understanding and decided to field the then Secretary General of Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), Maithripala Sirisena, as the Common Candidate for the 2015 Presidential Election.
Sirisena, a former health minister under Rajapaksa, pledged to appoint UNP Leader Ranil Wickremesinghe as the Prime Minister if he were to win the election.
Athuraliye Rathana Thero and senior figures in the Sirisena campaign, MPs Rajitha Senaratne and Mangala Samaraweera, allege Mahinda Rajapaksa attempted to stage a coup in order to stay in power when it became clear he was going to lose the election.
They allege that Rajapaksa and his brother Gotabaya Rajapaksa, the Defence Secretary, summoned Commander of the Army Daya Ratnayake, Inspector General of Police Nugagaha Kapalle Illangakoon and Attorney General Yuwanjana Wijayatilake to Temple Trees at around 1am on 9 January 2015.
Rajapaksa allegedly pressured the three officials to deploy troops, annul the election results and declare a state of emergency but they refused.
Unable to convince them, it was only then Rajapaksa decided to concede defeat and summoned Ranil Wickremesinghe, who was slated to be Prime Minister, to assure him of a smooth transition of power.
The Attorney General refused to act on behalf of Rajapaksa and many believe the story of an attempt is accurate after Attorney General orders an investigation into this coup.
Former army chief Sarath Fonseka also claims that the Rajapaksa had moved nearly 2,000 troops into Colombo from Northern Province three days before the election results were announced.
However the cabinet spokesperson of the new government stated, during a press conference held on 24 March 2015, that there was no evidence to prove that such a coup was attempted during the night of the election.
It was notorious as the only pub in what was considered the hottest town in Australia, having a weather record that was unchallenged in the 1940s to the 1960s, and only surpassed in new mining towns developed after that time.
Also during the second world war American servicemen were located in or near Marble Bar due to the Corunna Downs Airfield.
In the 1930s the owners of the hotel raised accomomdation rates that gained publicity for a 'beer strike' by those affected.
At different stages of its history, the hotel attracted questions as to its conditions, with licensing boards having hearings where conditions were noted that required improvements.
Dolores Aronovich Aguero, better known as Lola Aronovich (born June 6, 1967 in Buenos Aires), is an Argentine-Brazilian feminist blogger and educator.
Dedicated to writings about film and feminism, over time it has also dealt with topics such as racism, homophobia, human rights, critique of advertising and mass media, body acceptance and fat shaming.
In early October 2015, Aronovich was the target of a digital defamation campaign, when a hate speech website was set up on her behalf that attributed to her teacher the defense of infanticide, the burning of bibles and the sale of abortion medication, among other crimes.
Viktor Ivanovich Grishin (in ; born February 17, 1951, Bolshebereznikovsky District, Mordovia, Soviet Union) is a Russian economist and politician, a rector of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, full Ph.D. in Economics, professor.
From 1992 - Deputy Minister, then Minister of Economics, from May 1996 he became Deputy Prime Minister - Minister of Economy of the Republic of Mordovia.
He served as Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Federation Affairs and Regional Policy, member of the Energy Committee, Deputy Head of the United Russia fraction in the State Duma.
She is equipped with a stern launching ramp, that allows her to launch or retrieve a water-jet propelled high-speed auxiliary boat, without first coming to a stop.
Tarr, and three other Coast Guard sailors, piloted the first landing craft during the United States first amphibious landing, in the Pacific Theater, in World War II.
The house dates from about 1750 and is believed to have been designed by Francis Bindon and is considered to have been designed in a style like that of nearby contemporary Bonnettstown Hall.
He is listed as a Cromwellian Adventurer and at least some of his lands were taken from the Kilkenny local Shee family.
Like his father he was a member of the Irish House of Commons, elected for the constituency of Kilkenny City in 1761.
He was made a Baronet on 12 March 1766.It remains the seat of the Blunden baronets with the 8th Baronet Blunden taking over the title on 9 April 2007 though he had to wait until 2017 to take over the house itself.
The International Recovery Platform (IRP) is a joint initiative of United Nations agencies, international financial institutions, national and local governments, and non-governmental organizations engaged in disaster recovery.
The International Recovery Platform is led by its 17-member Steering Committee, and is coordinated by a secretariat based in Kobe, Japan.
The IRP Forum convenes senior policy makers and practitioners to exchange experiences and facilitate discussion on challenges to resilient recovery, and opportunities for rebuilding.
The Guidance Notes were conceived to respond to a need for practical resources that can support recovery planners, decision-makers, and implementers with good practices and lessons gleaned from past recovery efforts.
Since the inception of the series, IRP has issued a total thirteen volumes, organized by sectors and key themes in recovery.
It was written by Loredana and Juju and was produced by the long-time collaborators of Loredana, Macloud and Miksu alongside Krutsch and Shucati.
It was composed in time and is performed in the key of F minor with a tempo of 160 beats per minute.
The Black press in New Jersey grew substantially in the early 20th century, from approximately 12 newspapers in 1900 to around 35 in 1940.
Koyra Madinabad Model Secondary School is a secondary schools of the southern part of Khulna district under Koyra Upazila of Khulna District in Bangladesh.
Bhoomi is a 2020 Upcoming Indian Tamil-language film directed by Lakshman, starring Jayam Ravi and Nidhhi Agerwal, in the lead roles with Sathish in a supporting role.
The Leather Union (, GL) was a German trade union representing workers in shoemaking, tanning, saddlery, and other work related to leather.
The union was strongest in the cities of Kornwestheim, Erlangen, and Offenbach, where the leather industry was centred, and the local offices in these cities were important in the structure of the union.
Although, following the reunification of Germany, leather workers in the former East German Textile, Clothing and Leather Union transferred to the Leather Union, this did not stall the decline, although the membership density in the industry remained stable.
It considered a merger with the Textile and Clothing Union, but as that was also in decline, it rejected the idea.
The following year, it merged with the Union of Mining and Energy and the Chemical, Paper and Ceramic Union, to form IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie.
From 1970 to 1977, he studied at the Department of the Performing Arts of the Tallinn State Conservatory (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre) and completed the 6th Flight, under the guidance of Grigori Kromanov and Mikk Mikiver.
On 21 May 2019, Aarma was struck and killed by a train on the Tallinn-Veerenni level crossing while on his bicycle.
She is equipped with a stern launching ramp, that allows her to launch or retrieve a water-jet propelled high-speed auxiliary boat, without first coming to a stop.
Sparling, and three other Coast Guard sailors, piloted the first landing craft during the United States's first amphibious landing, in the Pacific Theater, in World War II.
His colleague Daniel Tarr has a Sentinel-class cutter named after him, as will his other colleagues Harold Miller and Glen Harris.
Her mother decided to redeem her from the St. Ursula convent in Cologne, in which she had lived as a canoness, with a gift of land.
This charter granted the convent of Vilich all the privileges and protections as well as legal freedom similar to the imperial convents of Gandersheim, Quedlinburg and Essen.
With this charter, the convent had the right to freely elect an abbess and that no advocate could intrude without the permission of the abbess and the congregation.
Gerberga first wanted to make the church a Benedictine nunnery, but Adelaide resisted, and the convent started out to be a community of canonesses.
In 995, Gerberga died and Adelaide decided to change the rule of the abbey from the observances of canonesses to the rule of St. Benedict.
Her chapter did not altogether agree with the adaption of the Benedictine rule, but she eventually turned Vilich into a Benedictine nunnery.
confirmed the property and wealth of the church and attested that the nuns in Vilich still lived under the rule of St. Benedict with a law in 1144.
The Franciscans took the former abbey over as a hospital in 1865 and in 1908 it was gifted to the Cellitinnen.
Out of the Frying Pan and into the Firing Line is a 1942 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions.
She is equipped with a stern launching ramp, that allows her to launch or retrieve a water-jet propelled high-speed auxiliary boat, without first coming to a stop.
Miller, and three other Coast Guard sailors, piloted the first landing craft during the United States's first amphibious landing, in the Pacific Theater, in World War II.
His colleague Daniel Tarr has a Sentinel-class cutter named after him, as will his other colleagues Glen Harris and William Sparling.
She is equipped with a stern launching ramp, that allows her to launch or retrieve a water-jet propelled high-speed auxiliary boat, without first coming to a stop.
Harris, and three other Coast Guard sailors, piloted the first landing craft during the United States's first amphibious landing, in the Pacific Theater, in World War II.
His colleague Daniel Tarr has a Sentinel-class cutter named after him, as will his other colleagues Harold Miller and William Sparling.
The gallery was the first to introduce abstract expressionism in France in the 1940s, exhibiting famous artists such as de Kooning, Picabia or Pollock.
The Gallery of Montparnasse was an ancient bookshop transformed into a contemporary art gallery during the first half of the 20th century.
In November 1948, Georges Mathieu and Alfred Russell organized in the Gallery one of the firsts exhibitions of abstract expressionism in France.
It featured several well-known American artists such as Willem de Kooning, Arshile Gorky, Ad Reinhardt, Hans Hartung, Georges Mathieu, Mark Tobey, Francis Picabia, Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko.
The gallery today belongs to the city council of Paris and the city council of the 14th arrondissement of Paris, and still run temporary exhibitions of paintings, sculptures and photographs.
In 2019, Spellman was one of the women to receive the Women in Cognitive Science Leadership Award and it is sponsored by the Psychonomic Society and Women in Cognitive Science.In 2010, she edited an issue of the Psychonomic Bulletin & Review about the upcoming tends in psychology research and law research.
From 2010-2015, she was an editor of Perspectives on Psychological Science and she during that time period she also spend time about the issues of open and changing science.
The film has been nominated and awarded in many festivals including Locarno International Film Festival and the Animator International Animated Film Festival where it received the Oscar-qualifying Grand Jury Prize.
It was nominated at the 47th Annie Awards in the Best Animated Short Subject category and at the 45th César Award ceremony.
It was designed by architects Hellmuth & Hellmuth, a firm founded by George W. Hellmuth (1870-1955) and his brother Harry Hellmuth.
It is believed to be the first building in St. Louis constructed with a floating foundation, implementing a technique created by architects Burnham and Root of Chicago.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
As the South Korean government fears that the 1997 Asian financial crisis is about to repeat itself, three people working at the Financial Services Commission and the Ministry of Economy and Finance try their best to avoid the coming crisis.
The girls' singles luge at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 17 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
The group is a coalition of 20 different organizations, including labor unions and advocacy groups for such causes as environmental protection, education, and the prevention of sexual violence.
A separately incorporated organization, the TakeAction Minnesota Education Fund, 501(c)(3) organization (not engaging in politics); the two groups have different boards of directors and file their taxes separately.
TakeAction Minnesota campaigns at the state level for such issues as expanded access to healthcare, the establishment of paid faimly and medical leave, transitioning Minnesota's energy infrastructure to renewable energy, and the prevention of gun violence.
In 2012, it was part of a successful campaign against Minnesota Amendment 2 (a proposed amendment to the Minnesota constitution which would have required voters to show photo ID), and in 2013 successfully lobbied (alongside the NAACP) for a ban the box initiative (i.e.
In 2013, it backed the successful mayoral candidacy of Betsy Hodges, and in 2018 endorsed the (ultimately unsuccessful) gubernatorial bid of Erin Murphy.. TakeAction Minnesota is also active among the large Hmong diaspora in Minnesota; Hmong Americans for Justice is one of the group's member organizations, and two Hmong-American TakeAction members (Dai Thao and Nelsie Yang) have been elected to the Saint Paul City Council.
Grace's Old Castle is a historic castle building in the centre of Kilkenny which has been extended to create the city’s modern courthouse structure.
The current site of the courthouse in Kilkenny is on the older site of the castle known as Grace's Old Castle.
This castle was originally built by William le Gras some time before 1210. le Gras was appointed constable and Seneschal of Leinster for life and Governor of Kilkenny.
Much of that original building was replaced over time though the family continued to use it as a private town residence until the building was leased to state the by the Constable of Kilkenny and owner James Grace.
The building first became a courthouse in 1792 when it was also used to hold sessions and assizes for the county.
The Parliament Street Courthouse dates from 1786 so that from the 1790s the building housed the County Courthouse, County Gaol and City Gaol though the building was also used intermittently for theatre performances and public meetings like elections.
While it's believed that much of earlier remodeling work to transform the building was done by Sir Jerome Fitzpatrick, the current facade was constructed by architect William Robertson in 1824.
The area was the subject of an archaeological excavation in 2008 by Maedbh Saunderson which uncovered domestic medieval evidence and burgage plots, evidence of post medieval structural development, a prison burial plot and land drainage.
Dvořák in Prague: A Celebration was an 89-minute televised concert presented in Prague's Smetana Hall on 16 December 1993, in which thirteen pieces of music by Antonin Dvořák were performed by the pianist Rudolf Firkušný, the cellist Yo-Yo Ma, the violinist Itzhak Perlman, the mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade, the Prague Philharmonic Chorus and the Boston Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Seiji Ozawa.
It was produced by Sony Classical Film and Video, Czech Television and Germany's Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen in association with Pragokoncert, the Netherlands' Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep and the United States' Public Service Broadcasting and MJI Broadcasting, and was released on Laserdisc, VHS video cassette, CD and audio cassette by Sony Classical Records and on DVD by Kultur Video.
Exactly one hundred years later, that event was commemorated in a concert mounted in Prague's Smetana Hall, an art nouveau building erected between 1906 and 1911 and named in honour of Bedřich Smetana, the Czech composer popularly regarded in the Czech Republic as the father of the nation's music.
It included Itzhak Perlman's first performance in Prague, and was the first occasion on which the Boston Symphony Orchestra was heard there since 1956.
It was adapted by Dvořák from a string quartet that he had composed four years previously, but which remained unpublished until after his death..
After a version of the fifth part that Dvořák arranged for cello and piano in 1891 was received enthusiastically, he composed an orchestral version of it in 1893.
The seventh humoresque's transcription for violin, cello and orchestra that was heard during the gala was commissioned from the Czech-Canadian composer Oskar Morawetz at Yo-Yo Ma's suggestion.
Both of those performed in the gala were presented in transcriptions, one for violin, cello and orchestra by Oskar Morawetz and one for orchestra by Dvořák himself.
The producers of the concert did not seem to trust their public to enjoy Dvořák's music, easy to appreciate it though it was, without adapting at least some of it.
For example, a Humoresque for solo piano was changed into a piece for violin, cello and orchestra, presumably in order to create an opportunity for Itzhak Perlman and Yo-Yo Ma to play a duet together.
The audience in Smetana Hall (including the President of the Czech Republic, Václav Havel) were allowed to hear at least some of Dvořák's music precisely as he had written it.
Also in 1994, Sony released the gala as a CLV (constant linear velocity) Laserdisc (catalogue number SLV-53488) and a VHS video cassette (catalogue number SHV-53488), with 4:3 NTSC colour video and stereo audio.
In the same year, Sony released the concert as a CD (catalogue number SK-46687) and audio cassette (catalogue number ST-46687) which include all the gala's music except for the excerpt from Dvořák's Symphony No.
The CD provides stereo audio derived from a 20-bit master recording, and includes a 12-page booklet with two production photographs and notes by Ileene Smith.
In 2007, Kultur Video issued the gala on a DVD (catalogue number D4211) with 4:3 NTSC colour video and compressed Dolby Digital stereo audio.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Pope Paul VI established the Apostolic Internunciature to Luxembourg in January 1891 and Pope Pius XII raised it to the status of Apostolic Nunciature to Luxembourg on 24 October 1955.
The 2021 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup is part of rugby league's 2021 Festival of World Cups and will be held in England in November 2021.
It will be the first occasion on which the wheelchair rugby league competition has taken place concurrently with the men's and women's tournaments..
The competition will also be the first time that participants in the wheelchair tournament will receive the same participation fees as players in the other competitions and the first time that prize money will be awarded.
Other nations were invited to submit entries and six were chosen against a range of criteria including current international and domestic infrastructure and plans for growth.
Teams from pool 1 were drawn by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, pool 2 was drawn by Katherine Grainger and pool 3 by Jason Robinson.
The tournament will be played at three venues, the Copper Box Arena in London will be used for the Group A games, the English Institute of Sport, Sheffield will host the Group B games as well as both semi-finals, and the M&S Bank Arena in Liverpool will host the final.
Radio Corporation of America v China was a 1935 arbitral proceeding to determine whether a concession granted by the government of China (specifically the Chinese National Council of Reconstruction) for operation of radio communications between the United States and China was exclusive and could be considered to prohibit a similar concession to another company.
At the time all radio or telegraphic traffic between China and the US, including official communications, was run through either German radio or British cables.
Therefore, US Navy wanted a reluctant RCA to seek a concession in China (even though RCA's other Asian concessions were operating at a loss).
When the Mackay Radio & Telegraph Company, also an American interest, signed a similar agreement with China in 1932, RCA claimed it was a breach of contract.
The Chinese Government can certainly sign away a part of its liberty of action, and this also in the field of international radio-telegraphic communications, and of its cooperation therein.
It can do so as well in an implicit manner, if a reasonable construction of its undertakings leads up to that conclusion.
But as a sovereign government, on principle free in its restriction of its freedom of action, unless the acceptance can be ascertained distinctly and beyond a reasonable doubt.
He graduated from Drexel Institute of Technology in 1915 and studied aeronautical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1918.
In August 1941, Vanaman returned to the United States to take a post as Secretary of the Air Staff in Washington, D.C. By 1944, Vanaman had attained the rank of Brigadier General and was serving as Chief of Intelligence for the Eighth Air Force in England, under the command of Lt. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle.
The four airmen were able to evade capture, but Vanaman, who had been injured in the jump, was immediately captured by the Germans.
In 1945, Nazi officials separated Vanaman and Colonel Delmar T. Spivey from the other prisoners and brought them to Berlin in an attempt to conduct clandestine peace negotiations.
During his career, Vanaman was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the Bronze Star, and the Belgian Croix de Guerre with Palms.
United Arab Emirates will be competing at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 25 August to 6 September 2020.
He qualified for these events after winning the bronze medal in the men's 100m T34 and the gold medal in the men's 800m T34 events at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
She qualified for both events after finishing in 4th place in both the women's shot put F32 and women's club throw F32 events at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Born in Brake, near Bielefeld, Buschmann left school at the age of fourteen and undertook an apprenticeship as a bricklayer, also joining a trade union.
In 1945, he was one of the first to organise trade unions in the textile trade, working full-time as an organiser from 1947.
The union became part of the Textile and Clothing Union (GTB), and in 1951, he was elected to its executive committee.
Buschmann was elected as president of the union in 1963, and became known for his focus on the likely effects of globalisation on social and working conditions worldwide.
This led him to prominence in the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers' Federation, and in 1972, he was elected as its president.
From 1968 onwards, the textile industry in West Germany was in sharp decline, with more than 1,000 factories closing and 300,000 jobs lost over the following ten years.
Li Lu (born December 9, 1994) is a Chinese Paralympic athlete who competes in 200 metres and 400 metres events in international level.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
The Regent's Park skating disaster occurred on 15 January 1867 when 40 people died after the ice broke on the lake in London's Regent's Park pitching about 200 people into icy water up to deep.
One of the consequences of the incident was that Regent's Park lake was raised and reduced to a maximum depth of .
Ice skating was a popular pastime in Britain at the time and many Londoners took advantage of the frozen waters with many hundreds of people skating in Regent's Park.
On 14 January 1867 the ice in the lake cracked and 21 people dropped into the water but fortunately all were pulled out alive.
Overnight the ice on the lake refroze and the next day, 15 January, about 500 people took to the ice with an estimated 2,000 more watching from the shore.
At 3:30 pm the ice was heard to crack and almost half the skaters on the lake fell into the water.
Those watching from the edges immediately took action to rescue those who had fallen in by launching boats and pulling branches from nearby trees to use as lifelines to reach people.
Recovery of all the bodies took several days as the lake kept freezing over and several bodies had to be removed from the bottom of the lake by divers.
An inquest was opened at the Marylebone workhouse on 16 January presided over by Edwin Lankester, the coroner for Central Middlesex, at which time 29 of the 34 bodies recovered had been identified.
The inquest resumed on 19 January to identify the remaining bodies and on 21 January the formal taking of evidence began.
Several witnesses were called to relate the vents of the day and it was revealed that on the morning of the tragedy some workmen had been employed in breaking the ice around the islands on the lake; this was to give the wildfowl on the lake some open water.
Other evidence given concurred with this but it was also pointed out that there had been no breaking of the ice at the shoreline.
The jury returned their verdict in the afternoon of 21 January and despite the evidence regarding intentional breaking of the ice, the verdicts were of accidental death in all 40 cases; 39 due to drowning and one due to hypothermia.
It is the first tour in which Kai Hahto is an official member of the band, following original drummer Jukka Nevalainen's departure on July 15, 2019.
Trinidad and Tobago–Venezuela relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
In recent years, Trinidad and Tobago has witnessed increased immigration from Venezuela, with a estimated 40,000 Venezuelans immigrating to the country by 2018.
Relations have remained strained in recent years due to the large influx of Venezuelans straining healthcare and public services in the island nation.
He is a professor of entomology and senior lecturer in biological sciences at the University of Derby, and is an expert in crickets and bushcrickets (katydids).
He studied biological sciences at the University of Exeter and did a PhD at the University of Nottingham on the function and evolution of nuptial feeding in bushcrickets, focusing on the role of the spermatophylax.
Vahed's research looks in particular at the sexual behaviour of the Orthoptera order of insects, the crickets and bush crickets and related groups.
Vahed is a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, of the Royal Society of Biology, of the Linnean Society and is a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy.
Uttar Kanya is a building in satellite township of which houses the temporary State Secretariat for North Bengal Development Department of West Bengal.
On January 20, 2014, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee had inaugurated the mini-state secretariat for North Bengal in Siliguri, in a bid to expedite development in the region and remove bottlenecks in governance.
North Bengal comprises of seven districts- Darjeeling district, Jalpaiguri distric, Alipurduar district, Coochbehar district, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Malda district.
Mike Osburn (born April 15, 1968) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 81st district since 2016.
Back Benchers is the first original series from Flipkart Video and can be watched for free on the Flipkart app in the Flipkart Video section.
The show puts the guests in the hot seat, testing their general knowledge through a series of oral as well as written tests.
Celebrity guests can score marks on every right answer across three different rounds, additionally, guests can also score grace marks as awarded by Dean Farah Khan upon performing entertaining acts during the show.
The series consists of 20 episodes in its first season and the first episode was broadcast on Flipkart on October 19, 2019.
Robert Lehmann‑Nitsche (Radomierz, November 9, 1872 – Berlin, April 9, 1938) was a German anthropologist who spent thirty years in Argentina as director of the Anthropological Section of the La Plata Museum and professor at the University of Buenos Aires.
He became an authority on indigenous people in Argentina and concluded his academic career at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin.
He studied at the University of Freiburg and at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, and earned his doctorate in Philosophy in 1894 at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
In the same year 1897, he moved to Buenos Aires, having accepted an offer to direct the Anthropological Section of the La Plata Museum.
His predecessor, Dutch anthropologist Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate, had recommended him for the position because of Lehmann-Nitsche's discussion of Osteology in his two doctoral dissertations.
Ten Kate recommended to the young German scholar to carry out an extensive osteological study of the native Argentinians, comparing them to other native populations of the Americas, Africa, and Oceania, based on the large collection of skulls owned by the La Plata Museum.
He started in 1898-1900 by examining individuals from the Selk'nam people who had been abducted in Patagonia and were exhibited by circuses or in events such as Buenos Aires' National Industrial Exposition of 1898.
However, he soon realized that observations of native Argentinians living free in their villages was more valuable, and between 1902 and 1925 organized six expeditions to remote areas of Argentina, putting together a rich collection of photographs, artifacts, and songs recorded on phonograph cylinders.
He also used German immigrants in Argentina as informants and correspondents, and they continued to send new materials to the museum.
In 1905, Lehmann-Nitsche recorded extensively music from the Tehuelche people, but he went on in the following years recording several dozens of Argentinian folk singers specialized in Tango.
In 1906, he signed an agreement with the British industrialists Walter (1858-1944) and William Leach (1851-1932), who owned a sugar factory in La Esperanza, Jujuy.
Lehmann-Nitsche recorded their songs in 30 phonograph cylinders that, like the better part of his recordings, he sent to the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv.
Between 1911 and 1925, Lehmann-Nitsche embarked in an ambitious project aimed at creating a global map of the languages and religious beliefs of native Argentinians, comparing the latter with mythologies of Native Americans in the United States and native populations in Peru.
In 1902, he started teaching a course of Anthropology at the University of Buenos Aires, which in 1905 created for him what was the first chair of Anthropology in South America.
In Argentina, in the 1920s, Lehmann-Nitsche was an active member and a leader of the local foreign chapter of the conservative German National People's Party.
He returned to Germany in 1930 and continued teaching Anthropology as an invited professor at his old alma mater, the Friedrich Wilhelm University.
The subsequent scandal led the La Plata Museum to the decision of giving back the bones of several native Argentinians to their tribes so that they could be properly buried.
Tuomas Holopainen was confirmed on December 18, 2019, to be at Finnvox Studios mixing Nightwish's upcoming studio album, set for release in the first quarter of 2020.
On January 10, 2020, it was confirmed by Holopainen that the production is finished, and the album was ready for release, with the album title, cover and other details released on January 16, 2020; in which the album would be released on April 10, 2020.
The Suurberg (also Zuurberg or Suurberge) is a mountain range in the southern Sarah Baartman District Municipality of the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
The range of some 70 kilometres long (west to east) is situated at the eastern end of the Cape Fold Belt, and rises just north of the towns of Kirkwood and Bontrug (in the Sundays River Valley), and Paterson further east.
In 1944, he was called up to the army, but was taken as a prisoner-of-war in France in March 1945, and was only released in 1949.
Keller returned to tailoring, an in 1952 became involved in the Textile and Clothing Union (GTB), working full-time for the union from 1955.
He spent ten years working as executive secretary to the union's president, Karl Buschmann, then in 1972 was elected to the union's executive in his own right.
Despite this, he became prominent internationally, and was elected as president of the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers' Federation in 1988.
Keller stood down as president of the GTB in 1990, and took a textile industry position, attempting to preserve the remainder of the industry, achieving a reorganisation and formation of a new trust company, with state support.
The boys' doubles luge at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 17 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
The Plaza Square Apartments Historic District, in St. Louis, Missouri, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Carwile earned a Bachelor of Arts from the College of Wooster and a Master of Arts from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.
He has twice served as Deputy Chief of Mission, first at the United States Embassy in Brunei and more recently at the United States Embassy in Nepal.
He has also served as Minister-Counselor for Economic Affairs at the United States Embassy in Italy, as well as Counselor for Economic Affairs at both the United States Embassy in Iraq and the United States Embassy in Canada.
Prior to his ambassadorship, he served as Deputy Director of the Office of Career Development and Assignments in the State Department.
On May 8, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Carwile to be the next United States Ambassador to Latvia.
Mar Field Fen is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, north of Masham, North Yorkshire, England, in a rural area known as Marfield.
It is situated on land containing woodland carr, fen, spring-fed marshy grassland and drier calcareous grassland, between the River Ure to the east and Marfield Wetland nature reserve to the west.
Mar Field Fen is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), consisting of woodland carr, fen and calcareous meadow whose flush and spring fed soils support certain specialised vegetation.
Mar Field Fen SSSI is not to be confused with Marfield Wetlands nature reserve which contains lakes, and lies to the west of the SSSI.
On the fen meadow are many species of herbaceous plants, including spotted orchid, common bistort, greater bird's foot trefoil, common valerian, marsh hawksbeard, wild angelica, ragged robin and meadowsweet.
Where the fen meadow and woodland carr meet, there is giant bellflower, marsh horsetail, hemp agrimony, yellow iris or flag, marsh marigold and meadowsweet.
The woodland carr itself has been partially planted with pine and poplar, but the remaining natural or original canopy is ash and alder.
In the woodland carr, minimum interference with natural growth and die-back is recommended, because fallen trees and regrowth will encourage the natural development of diverse habitats, such as glades, areas of young trees, and a mixture of light and shade, and shelter or exposure to wind.
It may sometimes be necessary to cut back scrub if the woodland encroaches onto meadow, or to coppice trees to open up the area to light or to prevent trees from falling.
The flush and spring fen area should be protected from potential risk of commercial water abstraction which would deplete the aquifer, and from agricultural fertiliser or landfill pollution.
All of these would disrupt the chemical balance in the aquifer and consequently in the soil, and that in turn would encourage rank grasses, and cause depletion of specialised fen plants.
Light autumn grazing and trampling by cattle is beneficial, so long as the land is not enriched by cattle dung or feed.
Moderate trampling may break down leaf litter and create scattered areas of bare soil which would encourage bryophytes and some invertebrates.
At this particular site there is necessary incoming water from an adjacent quarry, and that should not be withheld, diverted or obstructed.
Regarding future mining of limestone between 2025 and 2030, Gebdykes Quarry applied for a 25.8 hectare extension of the quarry across agricultural land.
North Yorkshire County Council confirmed that Mar Field Fen SSSI would be considered in any future local request for planning permission that might affect the site.
North Yorkshire County Council's Minerals and Waste Joint Plan 2016–2030 took Mar Field Fen SSSI into consideration regarding possible effects of all potential local requirements for agricultural and commercial exploitation of land in the area.
Yorkshire Water's drought plan for 2019 considered the potential permanent effect of water extraction on Mar Field Fen SSSI in the case of future drought and found it to be moderate and adverse.
Other SSSIs in the Ripon and Harrogate region are: Bishop Monkton Ings, Cow Myers, Farnham Mires, Hack Fall Wood, Hay-a-Park, Quarry Moor, and Ripon Parks.
In 1971, Singapore officially established diplomatic relations with Trinidad and Tobago, the first country within CARICOM that it established relations with.
Singapore was Trinidad and Tobago's 3rd largest import partner in 2015, making up 4.6% of all imports totaling 269 Million USD .
99% of all exports from T&T to Singapore were refined oil, while exports to Trinidad were more varied, ranging from rolled tobacco to passanger ships.
Elections to the Cumbernauld and Kilsyth District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Rathmell was born in Liverpool and attended Liverpool College of Art from 1929 to 1933 and returned to education when she studied dress design at Cardiff College of Art between 1957 and 1959.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Rathmell was a lecturer in both fine art and dress design at Newport College of Art and was also a costume designer with the Monmouthshire Youth Theatre.
Examples of Rathmell's work are held by the Arts Council of Wales, the University of South Wales and Newport Museum and Art Gallery.
The 2020 California Golden Bears football team will represent the University of California, Berkeley during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The team's offense will be led by Bill Musgrave, who is replacing Beau Baldwin; Baldwin left to become the head coach at Cal Poly.
On January 3, 2020, Cal announced that it would hire former Denver Broncos offensive coordinator Bill Musgrave as its next offensive coordinator, replacing Beau Baldwin.
The Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
Olajompo Abayomi Akinyeye (born 21 March 1958 in Idanre, Nigeria) is a Nigerian professor of History at University of Lagos, Nigeria.
His research and teaching interests are in the areas of military history, strategic studies, international relations and diplomacy, comparative foreign policy, and regional integration.
He is a widely published author, with several monographs, and dozens of scholarly articles appearing in various edited volumes and high-impact academic journals.
He proceeded to University of Lagos where he obtained his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in History in 1981, 1985 and 1991 respectively.
His doctoral thesis focused on a comparative study of British and French colonial defense policies in West Africa between 1886 and 1946.
Upon completion of his bachelor's programme in 1981, he was engaged as a Teaching Assistant at the University of Lagos for his one-year national youth service.
He was the Dean of the university's Faculty of Arts from 2013 through 2015, and a Member of the University of Lagos Governing Council from 2012 to 2016.
Beyond the university, he is (since 2019) a Member of the Specialized Committee on the Humanities of the Nigerian National Order of Merit Award's Governing Board.
For instance, he was the Chairman of the Union's University of Lagos chapter from 2000 to 2005; the Union's National Liaison Officer from 2005 to 2007; and its Ibadan Zonal Coordinator from 2007 to 2010.
He belongs to different professional bodies including the Nigerian Academy of Letters, the Nigeria Society of International Affairs, the American Studies Association of Nigeria, the Foreign Policy Community of Nigeria, among others.
At different times, Akinyeye has served as a Consultant to UNESCO on its Management of Social Transformation Programme for West Africa, the AU on boundary issues, and ECOWAS on issues of regional integration and poverty eradication seminar series.
His current research projects explore: factors in the regional integration of Western Europe and West Africa; insurgency and counter-insurgency in Nigeria; West Africa's involvement in the Second World War's air warfare; as well as a social history of postal services in Nigeria, among others.
Elections to the Clydebank District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The main mechanism of action for guanitoxin is by irreversibly inhibiting the active site of acetylcholinesterase leading to excess acetylcholine in the parasympathetic and peripheral nervous systems; inducing poisoning via nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor stimulation.
Treatment of afflicted case by atropine has attested to suppress the muscarinic mediated toxicity; which prevents the namesake salivation that similarly reacts to prevent the toxin's other poisoning symptoms which include lacrimation, urinary incontinence and defecation.
Atropine will not, however, counter another mechanism of the compounds toxicity as it also mediates a nicotinic adverse toxicity affecting muscle tremors, fasciculation, convulsions and respiratory failure.
Elections to the Clydesdale District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
The player gives commands to their crew to take them through a campaign of bombing missions set in World War II.
Elections to the Cunninghame District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Morag Jeanette Loh (3 March 1935 – 7 February 2019) was an Australian writer, specializing in children's literature and Australian history.
The men's 400 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 14 and 15 July 1987.
He currently competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West, driving for Venturini Motorsports in all three series.
He later transitioned to running super late models, driving in events sanctioned by the CARS Tour, Southern Super Series and Pro All-Stars Series (PASS).
Late in 2018, Heim crossed the finish line first in the ValleyStar Credit Union 300, but lost the race on a rules procedure.
Even after moving up to national touring series, Heim still raced at large late model events like Short Track Nationals, and almost scored a PASS win at Richmond Raceway in March 2018 before being disqualified because of engine spacers.
Before the 2019 season, Heim signed with Chad Bryant Racing to run 13 of 20 ARCA Menards Series events for the year.
On January 16, 2020, it was announced that Heim would join Venturini Motorsports for seven total races: three in the ARCA Menards Series East, and two apiece in the ARCA Menards Series and the ARCA Menards Series West.
The ministerial team at the NBDD is headed by the Cabinet Minister for North Bengal Development, who may be supported by Ministers of State.
Schoenus submarginalis is a species of sedge endemic to the mountains of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa.
Its distribution ranges from Aynsberg in the west to the Baviaanskloof area in the east, growing at elevations over 600 m on coarse substrates.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
Agnès de La Barre de Nanteuil, also Agnès de Nanteuil, (1922–1944) was a French Resistance worker during the Second World War who helped allied airmen escape from the Nazis in occupied France.
She died on 13 August 1944 at the Paray-le-Monial railway station from injuries she sustained while being deported by train to Germany by the Gestapo.
Born at Neuilly-sur-Seine on 17 September 1922, Agnès de La Barre de Nanteuil was the daughter of Gabriel de la Barre de Nanteuil and Sabine Cochin, both of noble ancestry.
With the German occupation of 1940 extending to Vannes, where the family had moved following the death of her father, de Nanteuil joined the Red Cross where she obtained her first-aid diploma in 1942.
She disguised herself as a scout leader, riding her bicycle from place to place in order to transmit messages hidden in her handlebars or in her shoes.
On 3 August 1944, together with her sister, other resistance workers and allied prisoners, her deportation to Germany began in a cramped cattle car.
Despite being hospitalized in Tours for a time, on 10 August, placed on a stretcher, she was again put on a train for Germany.
She pardoned the resistance worker who had revealed her name and ended her life in prayer, accompanied by 35 women from various parts of France who were enchanted by her bravery.
In 1947, she was posthumously awarded the Resistance Medal by Charles de Gaulle and in 2002, she was named patroness of the 26th Class of the Military School of Saint-Cyr-Coëtquidan.
Cowrie is a medium interaction SSH and Telnet honeypot designed to log brute force attacks and shell interaction performed by an attacker.
Putting up a simple honeypot isn’t difficult, and there are many open source products besides Cowrie, including the original Honeyd to MongoDB and NoSQL honeypots, to ones that emulate web servers.
Splunk, a security tool that can receive information from honeypots, outlines how to set up a honeypot using the open source Cowrie package.
A new malware was found attacking many internet of things (IoT) devices, with capabilities beyond previously known threats like Mirai and Qbot.
Anti-virus investigator Vesselin Bontchev discovered the malware when it was caught by his Cowrie secure shell and telnet remote access honeypot.
Researchers said administrators should consider running the latest version of Cowrie on a honeypot to monitor password attempts and pattern shifts, and to inform others, to make sure connected devices are secure.
In an analysis, SANS asked people to consider running the latest version of Cowrie, to help keep watch on passwords used, to look for shifts in patterns.
According to Ullrich, they started with an attacker running commands to ensure they weren’t connected to a router or a common honeypot like Cowrie.
He urged security researchers to run the latest version of Cowrie on a honeypot in order to monitor shifts in the type of passwords being scanned for or pattern of attacks on IoT devices.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
During the Spanish Civil War, the submarine unsuccessfully attacked a ship in the Aegean Sea during a patrol on 24 August–4 September 1937.
A look at how tennis superstars Venus and Serena Williams became who they are after the coaching from their father Richard Williams.
The project was announced in March 2019, with Will Smith set to play Williams in the film, written by Zach Baylin.
In January 2020, Demi Singleton and Saniyya Sidney were cast to play Serena and Venus respectively, with Aunjanue Ellis cast as their mother Brandi Williams.
Goffredo Mameli was the lead ship of her class of four submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1920s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
The official goal of PC INpact is to inform the public of the latest innovations in the IT sector, both hardware and software, in a continuous and clear manner, while being oriented towards an audience of experts and professionals in the sector.
The site notably stood out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 for its coverage of debates surrounding the laws and regulations on downloading music (DADVSI and HADOPI), relating exclusive facts such as a secret agreement between the French government and ISPs concerning content filtering on the Internet.
PC INpact announced at the end of 2009 that it had financial worries, caused, according to the site, by a reduction in its advertising revenue.
It offers a certain number of tools, for example to aid in the design of computer configurations or to find the best shop to order from.
Its purpose is to allow the comparative calculation of service packages and associated mobile devices and to allow users to find the most suitable package according to the criteria chosen.
In 2009, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Foreign Minister Celso Amorim visit Trinidad and Tobago for Summit of the Americas.
Lotamore House is an Irish historic house in County Cork, used as a residence by a number of Cork merchant families before being turned into a number of businesses including a guesthouse.
The original land belonged to John and William Galway and was leased to Robert and George Rogers, detailed in leases dated 1694 and 1720.
The central structure is a 2 storey Georgian house built by the Rogers family of Lota in 1798 and extended in the Victorian 1880s.
Sir William Bartholomew Hackett was the tenant near the latter end of the century before the house was sold to the Perrier family, a merchant family of Huguenot origin, and later Martin Francis Mahony and his desendants.
After 1961 when the house was no longer a family residence it served as the offices of the Irish Hospital Sweepstakes before becoming a twenty room guesthouse which closed in 2006.
Between 2013 and 2017 it was renovated, with the assistance of architects, construction teams and craftsmen, until the building has been greatly increased in size and is no longer at risk of being destroyed through decay.
The 2003 Canadian Open curling men's Grand Slam tournament was held November 6–9, 2003 at the Keystone Centre in Brandon, Manitoba.
Milly Bennett (May 22, 1897-1960) (born Mildred Jacqueline Bremler, also known as Mildred Mitchell and Mildred Amlie) was an American journalist and writer who covered political conditions in China, social conditions in the Soviet Union, the Spanish Civil War, and various events in the United States.
She was graduated from Girls' High School in San Francisco in 1915 and then attended the University of Hawaii from 1915 to 1917.
As a journalist and a writer, Bennett, who was born Mildred Jacqueline Bremler, worked around the world under the pseudonym Milly Bennett.
She spent much of her career producing propaganda for the English language newspapers of communist governments in the USSR and China.
Bennett was a reporter at the The Daily News in San Francisco from 1917 to 1921 and at The Honolulu Star-Bulletin from 1921 to 1926.
During the years 1927 to 1931, Bennett was a reporter for The Daily News, the Scripps-Howard News Service, and the United Press.
In 1935 and 1936, she was a reporter for the Newspaper Enterprise Association, The New York Times, and the International News Service.
She was also a staff member for the English-language section of the Press and Propaganda Service of the Spanish Popular Front.
Though she was instructed to wait until she had returned to the United States to apply again, she sent another application in October of that year while still in Spain.
Richard J. Lowry (born 1940) is an American psychologist and Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York.
He was named the William R. Kenan Chair at Vassar in 1987, and was later named the Jacob P. Giraud Chair of Natural History there.
The Malaysia cricket team is scheduled to tour Hong Kong between 18 and 22 February 2020 to play a five-match Twenty20 International (T20I) series, known as the Interport T20 Series.
Moïse Lévy (August 12, 1915 – September 29, 2003) was a Sephardi Jewish Rabbi who led the Jewish community of the Congo for 53 years.
At age 22, having been ordained as a Rabbi, he left Rhodes for the Belgian Congo, where a small Jewish community, comprised mostly of people from Rhodes, had settled in Elisabethville (now known as Lubumbashi).
He became, the first Rabbi of the Congo in 1937 and in 1953 was named Chief Rabbi of the Belgian Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and Northern Rhodesia (modern-day Zambia).
In the event of a dispute between members of the community, he served as a mediator and his judgements were accepted as final, thus avoiding having to involve the colonial administration.
Moïse Tshombe, leader of the State of Katanga, remembered the Rabbi for ruling in his favor during a dispute in his youth, and entrusted Levy with the diplomatic missions of France, the United States, and Israel.
Following the rise of Mobutu Sese Seko and the creation of Zaire in 1965, Levy continued to have good relations, and was named to the National Order of the Leopard.
In 1991, following the collapse of Zaire, Levy decided to leave the country for Belgium, where he retired and later passed away in 2003.
In November 2006, it merged with the Union of Printing, Journalism, and Paper, to form the Union of Private Sector Employees, Printing, Journalism, and Paper.
The story focuses on the link between crime and professional boxing as it was in the first half of the 20th Century.
March is interested in the role race plays in the sport, and how racial politics appear when they are transmuted into the boxing ring.
Money is exchanged, Morelli tells Cohn and Ed MacPhail to give a portion to Jones to ensure he 'goes down to Gray' but after leaving the bar Cohn and Ed MacPhail decide not to give Jones any of the fixing money.
This edition also featured an introduction by the American poet and critic Louis Untermeyer and black-and-white illustrations by the artist Paul Busch.
This was because I had made one of the Negro boxer's managers a Jew, and had drawn him as a thoroughly obnoxious and unscrupulous character.
I was appalled by this accusation, and it rankled - the more so since I had always regarded anti-Semitism as a prejudice espoused by morons and illiterates; a viewpoint so unreasonable that no educated or right-thinking person could entertain it.
The truth is, my own attitudes have changed with the times, just as everyone else's have, and today I find the Jewish character I created forty years ago distasteful too.
So when a new edition of The Set-Up seemed probable, I decided to re-write portions of the narrative and eliminate this undesirable character [...] and while I as at it, I went through the book and carefully denationalised all the characters.
What is interesting is that the portrayal of one the villains of the story as Jewish is considered far more problematic than the more significant racial characterisation of the main character who is black.
Paula Domínguez Encinas (born 11 August 1997) known as Pauleta is a Spanish football player who plays for Benfica as a midfielder.
Muslim .357 (or Magnum Muslim .357) is a 1986 Philippine action film directed by and starring Fernando Poe Jr. as an undercover officer of the Philippine Constabulary.
The film was both a box-office and critical success, earning nominations from various award giving bodies in the Philippines, twice winning the Best Actor award for Poe's performance.
When his superior sends him to Manila to unmask a powerful syndicate, 1st Lt. Jamal Razul (Fernando Poe Jr.), an undercover cop, takes a job posing as the bodyguard of an influential police major.
Meanwhile, his Muslim faith has him doing everything in his power to avenge the deaths of two innocent teens who helped him conceal his true identity.
1st Lt. Jamal Razul (Fernando Poe Jr.) is a Muslim undercover Philippine Constabulary officer, who is sent to Manila to help curb the runaway crime rate.
Convinced of his abilities as an undercover agent, he is summoned by Lt. Col. Castro to assist in unmasking the head of a big and vicious syndicate.
In Manila, he is able to track down the warehouse where the syndicate drops off their illicit goods, but a firefight ensues.
Fortunately for Razul, two young boys (Christopher Paloma and Michael Roberts) found him and along with their grandfather (Max Alvarado) and Razul's landlady (Vivian Foz) nurse him back to health.
After ascertaining the identity of one of the syndicate's high ranking official, Frankie (Paquito Diaz), he applies for work as a hired hand in the syndicate.
However, before Razul could begin work, he was exposed as an undercover agent and the roles are suddenly reversed - Razul now becoming the hunted instead of the hunter.
Lt. Col. Castro advices him to return to Mindanao, but the syndicate would rather have him dead as he has already caused considerable damage to be let go scot free.
The killing strikes a sensitive chord in Razul, the Muslim in him surfaces and vows revenge on all remaining members of the gang.
Rios (Eddie Garcia), who has up to that point assumed the leadership of the syndicate after eliminating the syndicate's former head (Jimmy Fabregas).
The remake was an official entry into the 2014 Metro Manila Film Festival and was dedicated to the memory of Fernando Poe Jr. which coincides with Poe's 10th death anniversary.
Tim Cockerill FRES is an zoologist, broadcaster and photographer in the UK, he is Senior Lecturer at Falmouth University and has a particular interest in insects.
Cockerill grew in Hull in Yorkshire, he studied a Zoology BSc and MRes at the University of Leeds and then a PhD in Insect Ecology and Biodiversity at the University of Cambridge; he moved to the Natural History Museum to do postdoctoral research and then did a Masters in Science Media Production at Imperial College London.
He was a Senior Lecturer at the University of South Wales where he taught natural history before moving to Falmouth University in 2018 where he teaches natural history photography.
Cockerill has an interest in the history of flea circuses and he has spoken about them on radio and in videos.
He was runner up in the British Ecological Society's photography competition in 2013 for his image of an oil palm plantation in Borneo.
The poems in the collection are heavily influenced by Advaita (non-dual) philosophy, which was at the core of Manilal's philosophical thinking.
In 1959, Gujarati writer Dhirubhai Thaker published the third edition of the book, which included another 10 previously unpublished poems taken from Manilal's handwritten diary.
Manilal's poetic ideal was influenced by his association with Gujarati writer and poet Narmad, and also by his own philosophical outlook and study of English poetry.
For this purpose, he appended a lengthy commentary to each poem, in which he attempted to interpret worldly experiences in terms of Advaita philosophy.
Thaker describes the commentaries interpreting these ghazals in terms of Vedanta as far-fetched, and having the unintended consequence of compromising the ghazals' emotional and aesthetic appeal.
Thakar notes that the same kind of experiment is found in Balwantray Thakore's poetry, saying that, although Thakore did not blindly imitate Manilal, in this regard Manilal is a predecessor of Thakore.
Murray Lewinter (December 12, 1926 – July 2, 2016) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from The Bronx's 6th district from 1961 to 1966.
Steven Eugene Wilson (born 1951) is an American ophthalmologist and professor at Cleveland Clinic, where he is a surgeon and directs corneal research.
His research has focused on corneal cellular responses to injury and surgery, with his most-cited work being about keratocyte apoptosis, as well as cellular and molecular interactions involved in homeostasis, wound healing, and diseases of the cornea.
He previously served as a professor and chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Washington in Seattle from 1998 to 2003, and was named Grace E. Hill Endowed Chair in Vision Research.
He completed his undergraduate degree in biology from California State University, Fullerton in 1974 and a Master’s degree in molecular biology and biochemistry from University of California, Irvine in 1977.
The early part of his career saw him completing residency at the Mayo Clinic and taking professor and research roles at various universities.
He served as a professor and Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Washington in Seattle from 1998 to 2003, and was named Grace E. Hill Endowed Chair in Vision Research.
Since 2003, he has been professor of ophthalmology and staff cornea and refractive surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, and he has served as the cornea and refractive fellowship director there since 2006.
The Quintet in D minor, B74, for piano, 2 violins, viola and cello, is a chamber work by Portuguese composer João Domingos Bomtempo.
The manuscript is damaged and incomplete, missing the piano part in many places (as it happens in Bomtempo's manuscripts: he presumably improvised some passages instead of playing them from the score), especially in the middle section.
It was reconstructed into integrity by Portuguese composer Filipe Pires (1934–2015) and received its first contemporary performance in 1992, during the celebrations of 150 years of Bomtempo's death.
Like his other quintets, Bomtempo arranged this one for piano sextet (with double bass), of which version only one sheet survived (the first movement of the double bass part; P-Ln C.I.C.
The development section (begins in F major) is the longest part of the quintet and is built of several episodes of different character and in different keys.
Both being much shortened (this may sound more like reminiscenses of the opening movement than a proper reprise), composer proceeds to the D major coda, which closes the work.
It is one of the technical colleges that are governed by the Technical and Vocational Training Corporation (TVTC), the government provider of training in the kingdom.
In April 2019, a trainee form this collage won an award in 47th International Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva, for an invention about power generation from the sand.
This college offers a variety of degree programs including electronic technology, mechanical technology, civil and architectural technology, management and business technology, and electrical technology.
18-882, is a pending case of the United States Supreme Court in which the justices will consider the scope of protections for federal employees Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.
Specifically, the Court will rule whether plaintiffs need to prove that the challenged employment action would not have occurred but for age, or whether the plaintiffs simply need to prove that age was a motivating factor.
This case is notable due to the potentially large impact the ruling would have on age discrimination complaints made by federal workers in the United States.
The case also received some coverage due to a reference to the popular meme OK boomer by Chief Justice John Roberts during the oral arguments.
Others, such as the Ninth Circuit, have held that a motivating factor test should be used during the summary judgment phase but not for a trial.
In 1968, Congress enacted the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which prohibits employment discrimination against workers who are 40 years of age or older.
The private-sector provision forbids employers from discriminating against any individual because of age; the public-sector provision provision requires that employment decisions be made free from any discrimination based on age.
This opinion was one of the first times the Supreme Court described in detail how the burden of proof works in discrimination cases.
If the defendant/employer does so, the burden shifts back to the plaintiff who then must try to prove that the defendant's non-discriminatory reasons are pretextual or otherwise insufficient under the law.
This framework, known as the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting analysis, is now used by federal courts to interpret employment discrimination claims where no direct evidence of discriminatory intent can be found.
Noris Babb is a clinical pharmacist who started working for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) at the CW Young Medical Center in Bay Pines, Florida in 2004.
In 2009, Babb obtained an advanced designation which allowed her to practice disease state management (DSM) - an advanced scope of practice which allowed her to prescribe medications for certain conditions without consulting a physician.
In 2010, the VA created the Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) system; among other effects, this initiative allowed pharmacists who practiced DSM (including Babb) to receive a promotion.
In 2011, two other pharmacists filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC); Babb testified in support of these complaints.
Additionally, Babb filed a complaint of her own in 2013 after management sought to remove Babb's advanced designations and denied her request for additional training or practice opportunities.
In 2014, she filed a federal lawsuit against the VA, alleging that management at the medical center discriminated against her bsaed on gender and age and also retaliated against her for protected EEOC-related activity.
Babb's lawsuit against Robert Wilkie, the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, was filed in July 2014 in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.
The court found, under the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework, that Babb had succeeded in establishing her prima facie case for discrimination; that the Secretary had offered legitimate, nondiscriminatory, and nonretaliatory reasons for the VA's actions; and that Babb could not prove that the reasons provided were pretextual.
The district court also dismissed Babb's hostile work environment claim, ruling the remarks that Babb noted in her complaint were not sufficiently severe and pervasive enough to constitute a hostile work environment.
In July 2018, the 11th circuit affirmed the district court's summary judgment on the ADEA, retaliation, and hostile work environment claims.
They opted to limit their review to the issue of whether the federal-sector provision of the ADEA requires that the plaintiff prove that age was the 'but for' cause of the challenged action.
During the oral arguments, Babb's attorney Martinez emphasized the language of the ADEA and distinguished the wording used for public-sector employees from the wording used for private-sector employees.
He argued that Congress's intent was to bar discrimination at any point in the employment process, even if the age-related discrimination was the final determinative factor in the decision.
Arguing for the government, Francisco countered that the VA's interpretation of the statute would harmonize the rules for both public- and private-sector employees (imposing the 'but for' standard uniformly on all categories).
In addition, he argued that other statutes such as the Civil Service Reform Act would offer the remedies that Babb was seeking under the ADEA.
On January 17, 2020, the Supreme Court directed both parties to file supplemental briefs on what other judicial or administrative remedies would be available (other than the ADEA) to plaintiffs like Babb.
A Life Full of Holes is the autobiography of Moroccan story teller Driss Ben Hamed Charhadi, as told to and translated by Paul Bowles (from Charhadi's Maghrebi Arabic), and published in 1964.
He convinced Bowles that he had an interesting life story to tell; in turn, Bowles taped, edited, transcribed, and published the account after first publishing a few of Charhadi's anecdotes, which met with success.
By 1998, it had 205,898 members, with 90% in the metal trades, and most of the remaining 10% working in mining and quarrying.
Abraham Salle was first in New York in 1700, when he petitioned for privileges of citizenship of the governor and council.
He moved to Manakintown in what was then Henrico County, Virginia, where Huguenots settled, many of them sailing on four ships to Virginia in 1700.
Salle became a clerk of the parish, a captain of the militia, and justice of Henrico County, specifically chosen to handle cases of French Huguenots.
Salle obtained about 230 acres by Lower Manakin Creek and on the south side of James River in Henrico County in 1711.
In 1715, he acquired an additional 190 acres on the south side of the James River; It was a tract on the first 5,000 acres established for French refugees.
Abraham Salle, Justice of the Peace of Chesterfield County, and his cousin Jacob Salle, a yeoman, were descendants of immigrants Abraham and Olive Salle.
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1985 video game developed by British studio Soft Option and published by Hill MacGibbon.
It is loosely based on Roald Dahl's 1964 book of the same name, and consumers had the option of buying the game and book as a set.
In the third game, Veruca Salt is being attacked by squirrels after enraging them, and she must leave behind poisoned nuts as a defense, although the poison has a limited lifespan.
In the fourth game, Mike Teavee travels across multiple floors trying to collect Wonka Bars, while also avoiding cameras that attack with a shrinking ray.
Playing as Charlie, the player must traverse the factory in search of six gold keys, which will allow the player to enter the Great Glass Lift and win the game.
Jirania railway station became operation in 2008 with the meter gauge line from Lumding to Agartala but later in 2016 entire section converted into broad gauge line.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
Historically, almost all the union's members worked for Post und Telekom Austria, but following privatisation and the entry of competitors into the market, it now has members in a variety of companies.
Garcia, who served as a linesman in four games at the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, is a member of the U.S. National Soccer Hall of Fame .
His family moved to St. Louis, Missouri where he completed primary school at Blow School in Carondelet, a neighborhood in the extreme southeastern portion of St. Louis .
After completing bookkeeping courses at night, Garcia worked for the Mercantile Commerce Bank and Trust Company in St. Louis until he retired in 1965.
Garcia was one of the leading figures in the sport of soccer in St. Louis’ large Spanish community, organizing teams, leagues and referees’ associations in Missouri and southern Illinois for decades after immigrating to St. Louis from Spain as a child .
He refereed in the Municipal League of St. Louis from 1937 to 1957 and was a founder of Missouri Referees Association .
Garcia also was selected to referee U.S. national soccer team games played in St. Louis against national and club teams from other countries .
Garcia became the first American to serve as an official at a World Cup when he was named to FIFA’s panel of referees at the 1950 World Cup in Brazil.
At the 1950 World Cup, Garcia was a linesman at four games, two in the group stage and two in the final group, including the third-place game between Sweden and Spain .
Only two other referees in the pool of 26 referees for the 1950 World Cup worked as many games as Garcia He worked the group stage games between Paraguay and Sweden in Curitiba, Brazil and between Paraguay and Italy in Sao Paulo.
Prior to the third-place game, Garcia worked the round of four game between Brazil and Sweden, where almost 139,000 people filled the newly built Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro .
Garcia finished his career as a FIFA referee at the end of 1952 and retired as a referee in 1957 .
Garcia died on November 15, 1984 in Arlington, Virginia where he and his wife were living with their son, Donald R. Garcia.
Scott has been a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1994.
He previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United States Embassies in Harare, Zimbabwe and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and in multiple senior leadership positions at the United States Department of State.
On August 13, 2018, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Scott to be the next United States Ambassador to Malawi.
Founded in 2002 with industry-level paying readership and subscribers including Universal Music Group, Sony Music, Warner Music Group, indie labels, music publishers, streaming services, managers, tech companies, and universities.
Content includes a daily publication, a bi-weekly report on digital tools and campaign highlights, and a monthly comprehensive report on a specific industry subject.
They are a media partner for major industry events (MIDEM, and more) as well as putting on their own events, Sandbox Summit and NY:LON Connect, the latter in association with Music Biz.
Robert L. Leahy (born 6 March 1946) is a psychologist and author and editor of 28 books dedicated to cognitive behaviour therapy.
He is Director of the American Institute for Cognitive Therapy in New York and Clinical Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College.
He is Past President of The Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, The Academy of Cognitive Therapy, and The International Association of Cognitive Therapy.
His parents separated when he was 18 months old and his mother moved Robert and his older brother Jim to New Haven, Connecticut.
He was educated at Yale University (B.A, M.S, MPhil., PhD) and later completed a Post-doctoral Fellowship in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School under the direction of Aaron T. Beck, M.D., the Founder of Cognitive Therapy.
Leahy became interested in Beck's Cognitive Therapy model after becoming disillusioned with the psychodynamic model which he felt lacked sufficient empirical support.
Many of his clinical books have been instrumental in disseminating the cognitive therapy model in its application to the treatment of depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, jealousy, and emotion regulation.
In addition, he has published widely on the application of the cognitive model to the therapeutic relationship, transference and counter-transference, resistance to change, and beliefs about emotion regulation that may underpin problematic strategies for coping with or responding to emotions in the therapeutic context.
Leahy has expanded the cognitive model with his social cognitive model of emotion which he refers to as Emotional Schema Therapy.
According to this model individuals differ in their beliefs about the legitimacy of certain emotions, their duration, the ability to express emotions, the need to control emotions, how similar their emotions are to those of others and the ability to tolerate ambivalent feelings.
The Emotional Schema Model draws on Beck's cognitive model, the metacognitive model advanced by AdrIan Wells, the Acceptance and Commitment Model advanced by Steven C. Hayes, and on social cognitive research on attribution processes and implicit theories of emotion.
Leahy has described how his model can help in understanding and treating jealousy, envy, ambivalence and other emotions and how these emotional schemas can impact intimate relationships and affect the therapeutic relationship.
In addition to his work on emotional schemas, Leahy has written about problematic styles of judgment and decision making that are relevant in depression and anxiety disorders.
These include biased evaluations in over-estimating or under-estimating risk, sunk-cost effects, regret anticipation, rumination over regret, and inaccurate predictions of emotions following anticipated outcomes.
The facilities has its origins in a cottage hospital established by the conversion of a house on Steamer Quay Road in the 19th century.
The Bridgetown Hill facility eventually became decrepit and, after the hospital closed in the early 1990s, the site was developed as Varian Court.
The current facility on Coronation Road, which replaced both the old Bridgetown Hill facility and the Broomborough Hospital, was opened by the Duchess of Kent in 1993.
The Union of Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers (, GTBL) was a trade union representing workers in a variety of related industries in Austria.
Mangal Bari is a neighborhood in the Old Malda of the Malda City of Malda district in the Indian state of West Bengal.It is governed by Old Malda Municipality.
The preserved elements include a thin, short postabdomen (¼ metasoma), granulation of the carapace (¼ dorsal shield of the Prosoma), ornament on the posterior tergite margins resembling hatching, and a weak and delicate pedipalpal claw (supposedly superimposed from beneath the body).
Being the only Jurassic scorpion known, there is no evidence that L. schmidti was aquatic (which was suggested in the past) and in the absence of further, better preserved material it should be excluded from future considerations of broad patterns of scorpion evolution.
Walker was born in New Oxford, Pennsylvania on July 24, 1880 into a family of Quakers and grew up there with five siblings.
The suffragists, including Walker, called on President Woodrow Wilson to urge the Maryland Legislature to include women's suffrage during the extra session in April of 1917.
Her husband attempted to pay the fine in order to release her, but Walker refused and said she would complete her prison sentence.
She unsuccessfully ran for office in 1930, though she was the first woman to run for a seat in the Maryland House of Delegates from Baltimore County.
It will be the 44th Women's British Open, the 20th as a major championship on the LPGA Tour, and the 1st at Royal Troon Golf Club.
The field is 144 players, and most earn exemptions based on past performance on the Ladies European Tour, the LPGA Tour, previous major championships, or with a high ranking in the Women's World Golf Rankings.
The rest of the field earn entry by successfully competing in qualifying tournaments open to any female golfer, professional or amateur, with a low handicap.
The top 10 Ladies European Tour members in the Women's World Golf Rankings not exempt under (1) as of 20 July.
The top five on the current LPGA of Japan Tour (JLPGA) money list not exempt under (1), (2), (3) as of 20 July.
The top two on the current LPGA of Korea Tour (KLPGA) money list not exempt under (1), (2), (3), or (6) as of 20 July.
Winners of the last five editions of the U.S. Women's Open, ANA Inspiration, and Women's PGA Championship, and The Evian Championship.
The leading five LPGA Tour members in the 2020 Marathon Classic who have entered the Championship and who are not otherwise exempt.
The leading three LET members in the 2020 Ladies European Thailand Championship, who have entered the Championship and who are not otherwise exempt.
The 2020 Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific champion, 2020 Womens Amateur Championship champion, 2019 U.S. Women's Amateur champion, 2019 European Ladies Amateur Championship champion, the 2019 Mark H. McCormack Medal winner, and the highest ranked women in the World Amateur Golf Ranking from Great Britain and Ireland as of week 25, and provided they are still amateurs at the time of the Championship.
Any player who did not compete in the previous year's Women's British Open due to maternity, who subsequently received an extension of membership for the maternity from the player's home tour in the previous year, provided she was otherwise qualified to compete in the previous year's Women's British Open.
A church at Fleet is known to have existed as early as 1086 when one was recorded in the Domesday Book, with a monk from Abbotsbury Abbey named Bolla as the village's priest.
The church's nave was significantly damaged in the Great Storm of 1824, which also destroyed a number of the village's houses.
Designed by William Strickland and built in 1827–29, the new church of Holy Trinity was sited 540 yards inland from the original church.
With the construction of the new church, the nave of the original was demolished in 1827, but the chancel was retained and repaired for use as a mortuary chapel.
A number of monuments survive within the building: one to Robert Mohun, dated 1603, one to Maximilian Mohun, dated 1612, and another to Francis Mohun, dated 1711–12.
Elizabeth Amoaa (born August 16, 1983) is a women reproductive health advocate born with Uterus didelphys, a congenital abnormality where a female develops double uterus.
Established in 2017, Special lady Awareness aims to raise awareness and give women a platform for discussions on gynaecological conditions and menstrual hygiene.
Speciallady Awareness have carried out Outreach Programs in Ghana and donated sanitary towels, toys, medical supplies, children storybooks, health books and clothing worth thousands of pounds..
Markell Johnson (born August 25, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the NC State Wolfpack of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
As a freshman, he scored 27 points and made a game-winning jump shot with 3.1 seconds left against Lake High School to help his team reach its first state semifinal since 1972.
In his junior season, Johnson averaged 31.6 points, 7.4 rebounds and 3.5 steals per game, leading East Tech to its third straight league title and a district semifinal appearance.
He was named Cleveland.com Boys Basketball Player of the Year and Northeast Lakes Division II All-District Player of the Year by the Associated Press (AP).
On the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) circuit, he played for the King James Shooting Stars, a team affiliated with NBA player LeBron James.
Johnson was a four-star recruit and committed to play college basketball for NC State over offers from Louisville, Ohio State, Washington and West Virginia, among others.
On December 16, 2017, during his sophomore season, he was suspended indefinitely and briefly jailed for felonious assault charges but was cleared to return on January 11, 2018.
On December 19, 2018, Johnson set career highs with 27 points and five three-pointers in a 78-71 upset of seventh-ranked Auburn.
He injured his ankle in practice and missed the first game of his senior season, an overtime loss to Georgia Tech.
On December 22, Johnson recorded a triple-double of 11 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists in a 83-63 win over The Citadel.
A recent poll showed Lin's approve rating to be a mere 28.7%, with 6 in 10 respondents dissatisfied with the performance of his cabinet.
On September 5, President Tsai announced at a press conference that Lai would become the country's next head of the Executive Yuan, with the Premier-designate saying that running the government is like running in a relay race, and he vowed to take the baton from Lin and complete his unfinished major policies.
On September 17, following Lai's appointment as premier, Tsai's approval ratings reached 46%, rebounding by more than 16 points since August.
On September 28, the New Party called on the KMT to join it in filing a formal complaint against the Premier for sedition.
Empowered by various laws, or even the Constitution, under the Executive Yuan Council several individual boards are formed to enforce different executive functions of the government.
The committee members of the boards are usually (a) governmental officials for the purpose of interdepartmental coordination and cooperation; or (b) creditable professionals for their reputation and independence.
Joseph Edward Simmons (September 9, 1841 – August 5, 1910) was an American lawyer and banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange, the New York Clearing House and of the New York Chamber of Commerce.
He was the eldest son of Mary Sophia (née Gleason) Simmons (1819–1872), a native of New Hampshire, and Joseph Ferris Simmons (1818–1879), a prosperous merchant.
His siblings were Dr. Charles Ezra Simmons and Emma Kate Simmons (the wife of Charles Ranlett Flint, the founder of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company which later became IBM).
His maternal grandfather, Captain Samuel Gleason, was a veteran of the War of 1812 and his great-grandfather, also named Samuel Gleason, was a veteran of the Revolutionary War.
He graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts (where he later served as a trustee) in 1862 and from Albany Law School, the oldest law school in New York, in 1863.
Simmons practiced law in Troy until 1867, when he moved to New York City and became involved in the banking and brokerage business.
In 1884, he was elected President of the New York Stock Exchange, assuming the presidency of the Exchange from Alfrederick Smith Hatch, whose firm Fisk & Hatch, had failed, along with other prominent firms such as the Marine Bank and Grant & Ward, a Ponzi scheme run by Ward which bankrupt the former President Grant.
Simmons served as president of the Exchange for two terms until 1886 when he retired from the presidency and was succeeded by stockbroker James D. Smith.
You must recognize that you are a representative public body; and in this recognition you must assume responsibilities and perform functions which hitherto the Stock Exchange has not.
By 1897, when he became president of the New York Clearing House, the market value of the Bank had doubled in the markets.
In 1907, he became president of the New York Chamber of Commerce, as well as president of the Panama Railroad Company, serving as president of both until his death in August 1910.
In 1884, he was reappointed by Mayor Franklin Edson and, in 1886, he was chosen president of the Board to succeed Stephen A. Walker who was appointed U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York by President Cleveland.
Simmons was one of the closest personal friends of Samuel J. Tilden, who served as the governor of New York from January 1875 to December 1876.
This is a triumph, not of party, but of principle, and every good citizen should congratulate himself upon a victory which can only be most beneficial to all.
I believe that the triumph of sound money, the repudiation of a financial heresy, and of Anarchistic doctrines will be of lasting benefit to the country, and will put the stamp of popular disapproval upon the disreputable attempt of the Bryan faction to stir up class and sectional feeling.
In 1905, he was the first president of the New York City Board of Water Supply (which launched the Catskill Aqueduct project and built the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers).
Simmons was a member of Metropolitan Club, the University Club, the St. Nicholas Society, and the Masons (of which he served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1883).
He also served as a trustee of the New York Hospital and was a manager of the New York Infant Asylum.
After his death, many of the various organizations to which he was involved held memorials to his memory, including the Chamber of Commerce in October 1910.
The New Zealand Mixed Doubles Curling Championship is the national championship of mixed doubles curling (one man and one woman) in New Zealand.
It has been widely cited in national and regional media, particularly around the collapse of Wonga for which claims management companies were noted for highlighting Wonga's widescale mis-selling.
The union was founded in December 2006, when the Railway Workers' Union merged with the Commerce and Transport Union and the Hotel, Catering and Personal Services Union.
It is affiliated to the Union Network International, International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations and International Transport Workers' Federation.
Every action and indicator has its own web page, where the phenomenon is described in more detail and possibly with quantitative data and objectives.
The backend of the Climate Watch is done with Django web framework, and its user interface is done with React JavaScript library.
Mohamed Hammoud (; born 13 June 1988) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a right back for club Shabab Sahel.
Amy Hunt (b 15 May 2002) is a British sprinter who currently (as of January 2020) holds the world record for the Women's Under-18 200 metres, set in 2019 with a time of 22.42s.
Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2015, after one of the three enclosures in an ancient Chinese star map.
The 2019–20 Luganville Premier League is the 2019–20 season of the Luganville Premier League, the top-tier football league in Luganville, Vanuatu, organized by the Luganville Football Association.
It utilised new technologies found in the slightly earlier EOS-650, in a professional level body, of which, many of it's unique, distinctive charcteristics are still found today in more recent versions of its series.
After 6 years had passed, Canon brought out another update, called the EOS-1V, which took upon a new design and enhanced the already revolutionary features of previous EOS-1 series cameras.
It had an incredible 45 point autofocus, but new to the camera was AF-assist points, these could detect movement of subjects throughout the frame, and automatically change between AF points.
Despite the success of the series so far, times were soon starting to change, after a few years, a good number of canon's competitors were releasing digital cameras, and so was Canon, but still years canon had not made a professional digital camera.
So, just 1 year after the 1V, Canon made a completely new camera called the EOS-1D, it had the same body, and nearly all the same features as the 1V, but what was new was a 4.1 million pixel APS-H sized CMOS sensor, rather than a roll of film.
But, it wasn't perfect for all professionals, as it was a sports & wildlife focused camera, so the sensor was low in resolution & not 35 mm equivalent, meaning that studio, wedding & portrait photographers were mostly still using film cameras.
While the 1Ds, was a well selling camera, the 1D just didn't really have a market, as it lacked a number of key features, for sports & wildlife photographers, But the EOS-1D Mark II, on the other hand, brought some new features targeted exclusively at professional sports & wildlife photographers.
It had many more megapixels, for high levels of detail, wireless capability (with an external transmitter) & also a second card slot.
While all these features were added to the second 1Ds (the EOS-1Ds Mark II), they were simply not needed in a camera of that nature.
It also offered a marginally faster burst rate & a new metering system, known as E-TTL (or Evaluative through the lens).
Both the EOS-1D Mark III & EOS-1Ds Mark III offered a new, much larger & higher resolution LCD monitor, ethernet compatibility, amazing new autofocus & a new form, very similar to that of recent cameras of this series.
Besides all the improvents in these cameras, there was one new revolution Canon added, that really made these cameras unique – Live view.
With this feature, users could see a live preview of the composition, exposure, focus and the image itself from the 3 inch LCD.
Contrary to its branding, this was more of a slight improved model of the 1D Mark III, it had the same body, similar autofocus, and the same drive.
In 2012, Canon took the action capturing capabilities of the 1D series, & the full frame sensor of the 1Ds series into one incredible camera: the EOS-1DX.
It was a cinema orientated camera that offered 4K video with a 10bit 4:2:2 colour space and Canon Log capabilities internally, but it never sold well due to its high price point & form factor that was simply not suited for video use.
Canon decided to release an update to the 1DX that had slight improvements in many areas – the EOS-1DX Mark II.
It was even better than the previous generation 1DX in low light, and had slightly better autofocus, but one of the more significant photography features was the new buffer.
It meant you could tale up to 170 RAW images in a row (when using CFast 2.0 cards) & shoot fine JPEGs infinitely.
It also had many consumer-orientated video features, such as Dual-pixel CMOS AF, and 4K60 DCI recording, but lacked cinema-based features, such as C-LOG, or 10bit 4:2:2 colour space.
A little time after the release of the 1DX Mark II, One of Canon's more unlikely competitors had released a camera with capabilities unseen in Canon's professional cameras.
Canon combated this by releasing a totally new, much faster camera, which is currently rumored to possibly be the Finale of the EOS-1 line, as Canon are no longer developing lenses for its mount.
This camera offered a totally new autofocus, HEIF image recording, 5.5K RAW video, incredible burst rate capabilities & a nearly unlimited buffer.
Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2015 after Marie Tharp, a geologist and oceanographer who created the first comprehensive map of the ocean floor.
Live in Brussels '19 is the third in a trio of benefit live albums by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, which was released digitally to Bandcamp on 15 January 2020.
The album features a set by the band performed at the Ancienne Belgique of Brussels on 8 and 9 October 2019.
Motörhead were due to embark on a European tour alongside Saxon, followed by a tour in Germany and Scandinavia due to last until mid December 2013 but the dates were postponed and rescheduled for February and March 2014 due to Lemmy's health problems.
However, in January 2014, Motörhead announced the cancellation of the new February and March dates of their European tour as Lemmy was still to reach full recovery from diabetes related health problems.
Pauline Manser (born 2 February 1969 in Mount Gambier, South Australia) is an Australian volleyball coach and former professional beach volleyball and indoor volleyball player.
She was one of the inaugural inductees to the Australian Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2012 in recognition of her indoor volleyball career.
Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2015 after one of the three enclosures in an ancient Chinese star map.
Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2015 after one of the three enclosures in an ancient Chinese star map.
Due to his parents' separation, he lived in several different states, spent two years in Italy, and spent several summers in Germany.
He was named the Georgia Class 4A Player of the Year by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, an All-Metro selection by the Atlanta Tipoff Club, and was picked to play in the GACA All-Star Game.
Gravett originally signed with Gardner–Webb out of high school before deciding to do a prep year at the Hargrave Military Academy.
On April 18, 2016, Gravett signed with South Carolina, choosing the Gamecocks over offers from West Virginia, Missouri, St. Louis and East Carolina.
Lawson and T.J. Moss allowed Gravett to move to shooting guard, and he had 22 points in a win against Florida.
Gravett started five of 32 games as a senior, averaging 11.4 points, 3.8 rebounds and 2.4 assists per game, while shooting 39.9 percent from behind the arc and led the Gamecocks with 65 three-pointers.
Prior to the 2019 NBA draft, Gravett worked out with the Cleveland Cavaliers and Charlotte Hornets and attended the Pro Basketball Combine.
Gravett had 21 points, four rebounds, four assists and two steals in a loss to the Long Island Nets on December 15.
On January 7, he had his first double-double with 21 points and 11 rebounds in a loss to the College Park Skyhawks.
She represented Nigeria at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's 48 kg event in 2000.
From 1948 through 1950, she worked as a secretary in London, England, and from then until 1953 as a secretary with the Durban Civic Orchestra in South Africa.
Returning to London, she served as assistant secretary of the Church Adoption Society from 1954 through 1960, the year she became a full-time writer.
In addition to writing, she served as chair of the Durban adoption committee of the Indian Child Welfare Society from 1963 through 1974.
Less pleasing to Stern in some of Drummond's work are what she regards as thinly developed characters, stock situations, and a tendency to moralize.
The Ericson 36 is an American sailboat that was designed by Ron Holland as a racer and first built in 1980.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
The galley is located at the foot of the companionway steps, on the port side and includes a two-burner, alcohol-fired stove.
The cabin sole is made from teak and holly, while the main cabin folding table is teak, as are the cockpit seats.
It includes a starting adventure (levels 1-3) for each region, three new subclasses, a new school of magic called Dunamancy, over 20 new monsters, and new magic items called the Vestiges of Divergence.
[...] In terms of the world itself and what differentiates it, I think that it's a unique blend of classic D&D adventuring with kind of a political background.
The new sourcebook was announced on January 13, 2020 after being leaked through an Amazon product listing on January 12, 2020.
One of these three annual books is a full length campaign, which leaves two publishing slots to publish new rulebooks, updated adventures, and other supplementary publications like campaign setting books.
The book will also be available as a digital product through the following Wizards of the Coast licensees: D&D Beyond, Fantasy Grounds, and Roll20.
[...] At a more fundamental level, dunamancy acknowledges the Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics, which asserts that an infinite number of branching timelines exist.
First interested in animation films, he took classes of Applied Arts in Brest before joining Joël Tasset's animated films studio in Gouesnou (French Brittany).
Segal studied at Pratt Institute in New York City in the early 1970's and spent two years at the L'Ècole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
She worked in fine marble studios in Italy such as Tommasi Fonderia and SGF Studio Scultura, and with craftspeople such as Jacques Lipshitz, Augustin Cárdenas, and Max Bill.
She uses traditional carving tools such as chisels and stone cutters and acquires material from stone quarries all over the globe.
She re-recreates pop and fashion icons such as a Louis Vuitton handbag and a Chanel gift bag in stone using the forms and textures of Renaissance masterpieces.
By turning these cultural objects into 100-pound sculptures made from valuable stones, Segal is transforming them into something resembling a historic relic or a religious icons.
She was awarded a Housing and Urban Development grant in 1995, a Mayoral Citation in 2007, an America for the Arts Award in 2008, a Yonkers Visionary Award in 2015, a New York State Assembly and Senate citations in 2015.
Segal's work is in the collection at the MTA Arts for Transit, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, the White House, the Neuberger Museum of Art and the private collections of Leslie Wexler and Malcom Forbes.
Its origins date back to the 15th century, perhaps by crossbreeding between the Comtois and Ardennais races of the time, although it is claimed, like many other French races, a distant Arab origin.
The numerous conflicts which agitated its breeding cradle at the time of Louis XIV lead the peasants to keep and raise small ugly and puny horses, which they are not afraid of seeing captured or requisitioned by armies.
Designed for pulling wagons and doing small-scale agricultural work, the Lorraine horse is known to be tough on the job, despite its small size.
It disappears after the second half of the 19th century with the needs of industrialization, in the face of competition from more powerful draft horses and in particular from the Ardennes, which replaces it in its breeding cradle.
The member of the General Council of stud farms and the National Society of Agriculture Eugène Gayot writes about this breed in 1859.
The Bichat–Claude Bernard Hospital ( ) is located in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France, and is operated by Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP).
In 1866, however, the bank moved to a six-story white-marble building located at the northeast corner of Nassau and Pine Streets.
In 1893, the capital stock of the bank was $3,200,000; a surplus of $1,350,000; it had net profits of $378,030; and average net deposits of $20,000,000.
In August 1911, interests identified with the Fourth National Bank, took over the Fourteenth Street Bank, which then changed its name to the Security Bank.
The Mechanics and Metals National Bank was the result of a 1910 merger between Mechanics National Bank (which was founded in 1810) and the National Copper Bank (which was established in 1907).
The Mechanics and Metals Bank offered $200 a share for the stock and the resultant bank had net deposits of approximately $90,000,000.
In March 1914 immediately before the merger, the Mechanics and Metals had net deposits of $58,433,000 and Fourth National had net deposits of $33,408,000.
After a number of mergers and acquisitions (including with the Produce Exchange Union in 1920), the Mechanics and Metals National Bank consolidated with the Chase National Bank in 1926.
The first president of the bank was George Opdyke, who had served as mayor of New York City from 1862 to 1863 and whose term in office had just expired before assuming the presidency.
The third president was Philo C. Calhoun, a former mayor of Bridgeport, who served over a period of roughly fifteen years.
He resigned in January 1888 and was succeeded by J. Edward Simmons, a former president of the New York Stock Exchange.
A member of parliament representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr from 1992 to 2000, he was head of the parliamentary group Hezbollah fraction which maintained close ties to the Combatant Clergy Association.
The brook has a watershed of about 135 acres, flowing east through Woodbridge for 1.8 miles, draining into the Woodbridge River which flows south.
The culvert size at the Route 35 crossing is 12x6 feet; reconstruction of this culvert was the most expensive and leading priority of the Woodbridge post-Sandy recovery planning report.
Prolonged coastal storms (nor'easters), which combine tidal and fluvial flooding, along with flow constrictions, cause an increase in the duration of flooding of Heards Brook, which may last for days before water levels subside.
After Sandy, Woodbridge removed multiple residential properties in the flood hazard areas adjoining Heards Brook near its terminal portion, before flowing into the Woodbridge River.
This area, near the confluence of the two streams, has became a part of the restoration plan for the riparian environment.
The Rutgers floodplain plan is to integrate smaller park areas of the eastern Heards Brook into the larger areas with a bioswale.
Large scale excavation was started in the town for clay; Woodbridge clay was used for making fire bricks, able to withstand heat of greater than 2000°.
Commerce City / 72nd is a station, currently under construction, on the N Line of the Denver RTD commuter rail system in Commerce City, Colorado.
Blond Girl with a Rose (French:Blonde à la rose) is an oil painting executed in 1915–1917 by Pierre-Auguste Renoir and held in the collection of the Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris.
The painting portrays Renoir's last model, the teenaged Catherine Hessling, who featured in several of his paintings during his final few years.
The painting passed on the artist's death in 1919 to his youngest son Claude, who sold it to art dealer Paul Guillaume in 1929.
The Derkul is a left tributary of the Donets located in the Luhansk Oblast of northeast Ukraine, on the border to the Rostov Oblast of Russia.
It flows mainly in a southerly direction through a hilly plain in the northeast of the oblast and after 165 km flows on the left into the Siverskyi Donets.
The Cremation Society of Great Britain (now known as The Cremation Society) was founded in 1874 to promote the use of cremation as an alternative means of dealing with the bodies of the dead instead of burial which until then was the only option.
In 1873 Professor Paolo Gorini of Lodi and Professor Ludovico Brunetti of Padua published reports of practical work they had conducted.
The Cremation Society of Great Britain was founded in 1874 by Sir Henry Thompson, a surgeon and Physician to the Queen in which capacity he served Queen Victoria; he was also to become its first President.
It is headed by the Apostolic Delegate, a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See, who represents the interests of the Holy See to Church officials, the government, and civil society in Comoros.
Adapted from the 2016 film of the same title, the programme began broadcasting through RTÉ2 in Ireland and BBC Three in the United Kingdom (all episodes are available for streaming via BBC iPlayer).
The success of the first series led to a second being commissioned, which aired for another 6 episodes, all episodes being available for streaming on 3 November 2019, though broadcast in Ireland weekly, until 8 December.
The 2019 Missouri Valley Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Missouri Valley Conference held from November 3 through November 10, 2019.
The conference tournament title was the Second for the Loyloa women's soccer program and the second for head coach Barry Bimbi.
One district match that was played - against the 4th battalion of the King's Own Scottish Borderers - was a charity match for the Belgian Relief Fund.
The 21st District includes all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Archer Heights, Brighton Park, Garfield Ridge, McKinley Park, South Lawndale and the Lower West Side along with the nearby suburbs of Stickney, Forest View, Lyons, Riverside, Summit and Bedford Park.
Edgar Gonzalez, Jr. was born and raised in the Little Village neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, two blocks away from Cook County Jail.
A son of working-class immigrants from Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, his father is currently an IUOE Local 399 union member, his mother was formerly an SEIU Local 73 union member, and his sister is a current student at Columbia University.
He went on to Harvard University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in government with a minor in economics in 2019, becoming the first in his family to graduate from college.
During his time at Harvard, Gonzalez was a political cartoonist for The Harvard Crimson and a staff writer for the Harvard Political Review, as well as a tutor and translator for Harvard Student Agencies.
He volunteered his time as a tutor for recent immigrant arrivals in English and subject tutoring at Chelsea High School (Massachusetts) and Malden High School, and launched a tutoring and mentoring program for at-risk Latinx youth in the Boston area with Roxbury nonprofit Sociedad Latina.
On his breaks from school, he interned with Enlace Chicago his freshman summer, the MacArthur Foundation his sophomore summer, and with 22nd Ward Democratic Committeeman Michael Rodriguez (politician) his junior summer.
Gonzalez was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives on January 10, 2020, to replace Celina Villanueva, who in turn had been appointed to fill the vacancy of State Senator Martin Sandoval of Illinois's 11th State Senate District.
In doing so, she did not only mention the threat posed by Hitler, but also that of Stalin, when the latter was attacking Finland, for example.
While Lindgren initially feared Stalin and a Russian invasion much more than Hitler, her image of Germany changed more and more to the worse.
She got angry with the Germans, who managed to get the rest of humanity up against themselves every twenty years causing two world wars.
From September 1, 1939 to December 31, 1945, Astrid Lindgren wrote a diary in which she told her view of the war, but also collected newspaper articles and letters about what was happening.
When Lindgren started writing the diary, Lindgren was 32 years old and lived in Stockholm along with her husband Sture Lindgren and their two children.
During that time Lindgren's marriage was in a crisis, her husband was hardly at home, fell in love with another woman and became increasingly addicted to alcohol.
Her husband Sture and her two children Lasse and Karin Lindgren contributed information or listened to Lindgren when she read entries from the diary.
Lindgren's grandson Nils Nyman later said that when he read the diaries, he felt that Lindgren wanted a publication of the books.
In Sweden, the war diaries started a debate about what was known in the country about the crimes of the Nazis during that time.
According to Stefanie Panzenböck from Falter Lindgren created a valuable piece of contemporary history that shows a perspective of the Second World War that is unusual for Central Europe.
The entries that depict the horrors of the war always include hopeful, happy moments, like when she wrote about Pippi Longstocking.
The 2019–20 South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball team represents the University of South Alabama during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Jaguars are led by second-year head coach Richie Riley and play their home games at the Mitchell Center in Mobile, Alabama as members in the Sun Belt Conference.
Born in The Soviet Union, he moved to the United States in 2012 and entered the U.S. under the name Sasha Oliver Korolko.
He had worked with famous people such as Mark Zuckerberg , Krist Novoselic, Zann Gill and Jennifer Aniston on a range of projects.
Aleksandr Korolko, a Mountain View, CA resident got a thank you letter from a mother for heroic action in rescuing her child in dangerous ocean conditions.
Long-distance observations are specific types of landscape photography covering the earth's surface objects (mountains, protrusions, rocks, etc) as well as man-made objects firmly linked to the earth's surface (buildings, towers, transmitters, skyscrapers, etc).
The longest theoretical line of sight possible from the USA territory is between Mc Kinley and Mount Sanford at the 330km distance.
An actual the longest distance captured applies to the Pic Gaspard in the Ecrins massif in the Alps from the Pic de Finestrelles in Pyrenees Mountains at the 443km distance.
The award ceremony for the high jump was memorable for featuring an impromptu solo rendition of the national anthem by the winner, Kabelo Mmono.
This was swiftly followed by a victory for the men’s 4 x 400 metres relay team, which won with a time of 3:02.24, a national record.
After earning a double major in journalism and political science from Syracuse University, Dimon moved to Washington, D.C. to work as the legislative correspondent for her hometown's congressman, Robert Smith Walker.
She drew on her love of mysteries and her experiences in Washington, D.C. representing Secret Service, CIA, and FBI agents to craft romantic suspense novels.
Although Dimon was working six or seven days a week as a partner in her firm, she continued to write in the evenings.
NXTG Racing is a Dutch road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2019.
The tour is scheduled to commence on June 10, 2020 in Tacoma, Washington at the Tacoma Dome and currently scheduled to conclude on July 28, 2020 with two nights at Madison Square Garden.
Tickets went on general sale to the public on January 24, 2020 at 10 a.m. Pre-sales began on January 21, 2020 and ended on January 23, 2020 at 10 p.m.
Bryan Adams will serve as the only opening act with the exceptions of the Las Vegas and Toronto shows which do not have any supporting acts yet.
The Guinea–Sierra Leone border is 794 km (493 m) in length and runs from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the tripoint with Liberia in the east.
The border starts in the west at the Atlantic coast, and then proceeds overland in a north-easterly direction via various irregular and some straight lines, as well as the Great Scarcies River, before reaching the 10th parallel north.
The boundary then follows this parallel eastwards for circa 75 km (47 m), before proceeding in a south-westerly direction, cutting across the Loma and Tingi Mountains, down to the Meli river.
The border follows the Meli down to the confluence with the Moa/Makona, and then follows the Makona eastwards to the Liberian tripoint.
Sierra Leone was founded by the British in the 1780s as haven for rescued and freed slaves; the area around Freetown was made a crown colony in 1808 and British rule gradually extended over the interior over the following decades.
France had also taken an interest in the West African coast, settling in the region of modern Senegal in the 17th century and later annexing the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century as the Rivières du Sud colony.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result, France and Britain signed a treaty on 28 June 1882 delimiting a boundary between Sierra Leone and Guinea, terminating inland at an undetermined point; another treaty of 10 August 1889 extended the boundary further to the east.
This boundary was extended again by a treaty of 21 January 1895 down to the vicinity of Timbekundu, and was then demarcated on the ground from December 1895-May 1896; this demarcation was approved by an exchange of notes in June 1898.
Meanwhile the French Guinea–Liberia border was modified in September 1907-11, as was the Liberia–Sierra Leone border in January 1911, thereby extending the French Guinea-Sierra Leone boundary further south.
Britain and France confirmed the new French-Guinea-Sierra Leone boundary line in June 1911 and signed a treaty to this effect on 4 September 1913.
French Guinea gained independence in 1958, followed by Sierra Leone in 1961, and the boundary then became one between two sovereign states.
During the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991-2001) some trouble occurred at the border town of Yenga, prompting Guinea to cross the border and occupy the town.
Rio Miera–Cantabria Deporte is a Spanish road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2020.
The American Relief Expedition was a private and public effort to return Europe-bound American citizens to the United States at the start of the First World War.
Herbert Hoover, then a mining financier, along with several wealth Americans, established The American Committee In London to offer safe passage home to the United States.
The committee set up in the Savoy Hotel ballroom and faced a constant stream of distressed Americans sent from the embassy.
The main purpose of the committee was to exchange dollars for pounds at the pre-declaration of war rate, offer 10 shillings to those that had no money on hand, and to find temporarily housing.
sailed from New York for duty in Europe through the first half of 1915 supporting the American Relief Expedition by carrying 2.5 million USD in gold bullion and other resources to assist in the extraction of American refugees from war-ravaged Europe.
Ultimately, these actions were successful as over 100,000 Americans returned to the United States and The American Committee lost only 300 dollars of the some 1,500,000 it lent.
Following this success Hoover, and through his new found ties to Walter Hines Page, would establish the Commission for Relief in Belgium.
VIB–Natural Greatness is a Spanish road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2020.
Swim Against the Tide is the third extended play by the English indie pop act The Japanese House, released on November 11, 2016 through Dirty Hit.
The EP featured Bain's distinctive use of overlapping harmonies and synths, and some tracks featured experimentation with instruments such as steelpans.
He was born free to James Drawhorn Sampson and Fanny (Kellogg) Sampson on August 13, 1837 (or 1838) in Wilmington, North Carolina.
James, who had both Scottish and African ancestry, was born a slave, and became a successful carpenter after being freed, establishing his family's prominence in the state.
Arkéa Pro Cycling Team is a French road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2020.
Casa Dorada Women Cycling is a Spanish road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races, the team was established in 2020.
Chevalmeire Cycling Team is a Belgian women's cycling team which participates in elite road and cyclo-cross races, and was established in 2019.
Bilovodsk (, ) is an urban-type settlement in the east of Ukraine on the banks of the Derkul, a tributary of the Donets with about 8100 inhabitants (2014).
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
The R&R Canada Country Top 30 chart listed the most popular songs on country radio based on airplay from 21 Mediabase stations.
The chart was renamed Canada Country as of the August 11, 2006 issue, at which time the reporting panel expanded to 23 stations.
These are the Canadian number-one country singles of 2006, per the BDS Canada Country Airplay chart and R&R Canada Country Top 30 chart.
ERC Advanced Grants, provided by the European Research Council are prestigious subsidies for active and independent research leaders who have been conducting significant and original research for at least 10 years.
The men's hammer throw event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 15 July 1987.
Josh Benson (born 5 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Grimsby Town, on loan from Burnley, as a midfielder.
The Woman's Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote by Elaine Weiss is a 2018 non-fiction book about women's suffrage in the United States.
The Liberia–Sierra Leone border is 299 km (185 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Guinea in the north-east to the Atlantic Ocean in the south-west.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Guinea in the Makona river, and then proceeds overland in a south-westerly direction, before following the Magowi river for some distance; this section of the border encompasses the so-called ‘Parrot’s Beak’ of Sierra Leone’s Kailahun District.
The boundary then proceeds via a straight line south to the Morro river, and then follows this river and the Mano south-west out to the Atlantic.
Sierra Leone was founded by the British in the 1780s as haven for rescued and freed slaves; the area around Freetown was made a crown colony in 1808 and British rule was gradually extended over the interior over the following decades.
Liberia was founded as a colony for freed American slaves in 1822; various settlements were founded along the coast in the following years, with the bulk of them uniting to create the Republic of Liberia in 1847 (the Republic of Maryland joined later in 1857).
As the African interior began to be carved up due to the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s, an Anglo-Liberian boundary treaty was signed on 11 November 1885, which utilised the Mano river as the boundary; this was then extended further northwards by mutual agreement in June 1903.
A treaty between France and Liberia delimiting the French Guinea–Liberia border resulted in Liberia ceding a sizeable strip of territory to France, and thereby shortened the Liberia-Sierra Leone boundary to roughly its current length.
Britain and Liberia further modified the boundary in January 1911, with Liberia ceding the ‘Parrot’s Beak’ area to Sierra Leone in exchange for territories east the Mano river.
Some further small adjustments were approved by treaty in January 1930, with the land sections of the border being marked on the ground with pillars.
During the 1999s-early 2000s both states were engulfed in civil war and the border region became very unstable, with armed rebels and refugees frequently crossing the border.
She studied at the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, and the Barnes Foundation.
The 1996 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson in DeLand, Florida.
won their third tournament championship in four years, and second of three in a row, and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
Mulwaree Shire was abolished and split on 11 February 2004 with part merged with the City of Goulburn to form Goulburn Mulwaree Council, part merged with Tallaganda Shire and parts of Yarrowlumla Shire and Gunning Shire to form Palerang Council and part merged with Crookwell Shire and parts of Gunning Shire and Yass Shire to form Upper Lachlan Shire.
The 2012 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 22–24 June at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
While studying at Oxford, Johnston played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1914, making two appearances against G. J. V. Weigall's XI at Oxford and L. G. Robinson's XI at Attleborough.
Johnston served in the British Army during the First World War, being commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) in October 1914.
Johnston was seriously wounded during an assault on Hill 158 on 30 July 1918 as part of the Second Battle of the Marne.
The Guinea–Liberia border is 590 km (367 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Sierra Leone in the west to the tripoint with the Ivory Coast in the east.
The boundary starts in the west at the tripoint with Sierra Leone on the Makona river, following this river eastwards before running overland to the southeast via a series of very irregular lines.
It then proceeds in this direction via a series of overland and riverine (such as the Djoule and Mani) sections, turning to the northeast and then finally southeast to the Ivorian tripoint on Mount Nuon in the Nimba Range.
Liberia was founded as a colony for freed American slaves in 1822; various settlements were founded along the coast in the following years, with the bulk of them uniting to create the Republic of Liberia in 1847 (the Republic of Maryland joined later in 1857).
France had also taken an interest in the West African coast, settling in the region of modern Senegal in the 17th century and later annexing the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century as the Rivières du Sud colony.
As the African interior began to be carved up during to the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s, France and Liberia signed a boundary treaty on 8 December 1892 outlining their respective territorial limits (for France, this treaty covered what would later become the Ivory Coast as well as Guinea).
The difficulties with demarcating this boundary on the ground led France and Liberia to conclude another treaty on 18 September 1907, confirmed in January 1911, which moved it south to its current position.
Meanwhile, an Anglo-Liberian treaty concluded at the same time shifted Sierra Leone's territory eastward slightly, thereby also shifting the Guinea tripoint.
Otto studied chemistry at the University of Groningen and in 1994, he received his Master’s degree, focusing on physical organic chemistry and biochemistry, with the distinction cum laude.
After his subsequent research in both the United States (in 1998, with Prof. Steven L. Regen) at Lehigh University and in the United Kingdom (first with Prof. Jeremy K.M.
Sanders and then, from 2001 onwards, as a Royal Society University Research Fellow, both at the University of Cambridge), he was appointed assistant professor at the University of Groningen in 2009.
Otto was the lead applicant and chair of the European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Action CM1304 (Emergence and Evolution of Complex Chemical Systems), which united more than 95 European research groups.
Otto is a member of the Royal Dutch Chemical Society (KNCV), fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and member of the American Chemical Society.
The Origins Center is a Dutch research platform for scientists who are involved in the key questions of the Dutch Research Agenda on the origin, evolution and future of life on Earth and in the universe.
The research conducted by Otto and his research group is focused on various fields, varying from the origin of life (self-replicating systems and the Darwinian evolution thereof), to materials chemistry (self-synthesizing fibres, hydrogels and nanoparticle surfaces).
Specific interests include self-replicating molecules, foldamers, catalysis, molecular recognition of biomolecules and self-synthesizing materials (materials of which their self-assembly drives the synthesis of the molecules that assemble).
The complex chemical mixtures that are designed, made and researched often display new properties that are relevant to understanding how new traits are able to arise in nature.
The final goal of all of this research is the de novo synthesis of new forms of life via the integration of self-replicating systems with metabolism and compartmentalization.
Crookwell Shire was amalgamated with parts of Gunning Shire, Mulwaree Shire and Yass Shire to form Upper Lachlan Shire on 11 February 2004.
This begins with the two participants gripping each other and searching for a better hold in order to throw their opponent.
Born in Blackpool, Rowe played youth football with Preston North End before joining Manchester United as a 12-year-old in 2001 for a fee determined at tribunal that could potentially have reached a six-figure sum, however, he was released by United aged sixteen.
He began his senior career with Blackpool Wren Rovers, where he scored 63 goals in 68 games between August 2008 and August 2010, before moving to join Kendal Town for whom he debuted in the club's 1–0 Northern Premier League at home to Frickley Athletic on 21 August 2010.
from whom he enjoyed loan spells at Droylsden, Stockport County, and Barrow moving on to join first Lincoln City and then A.F.C.
Founded and led by artists themselves, VAC works to promote awareness of the arts and the interests of artists in Zambia.
However, the Council has supported exhibitions in a variety of other Zambian venues: for example, the Martin Phiri Art Centre in Chipata, and the Garden City Mall in Lusaka.
It has also participated in international collaborations: in 2018 Zambian art was showcased at the African Studies Gallery in Tel Aviv, and in 2020 'Stories of Kalingalinga' was a touring exhibition in collaboration with Anglia Ruskin University in the United Kingdom.
Built in 1987 by Heery Architects and Engineers, the building is situated on the Midtown Mile, at the intersection of Peachtree Street and Tenth Street.
Originally called First Union Plaza, the building served as the headquarters for First Union National Bank of Georgia, which later merged into First Union.
In 1988 the Atlanta-based law firm Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP moved into the location, where they have remained to the current day.
The Ivory Coast–Liberia border is 778 km (483 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Guinea in the north down to the Atlantic Ocean in the south.
The border starts in the north on Mount Nuon in the Nimba Range, and after a very short overland sections reaches the Nuon river, which it follows southwards.
It then briefly follows the Dain, Nimoi and Boan rivers, before reaching the Cavalla, which it follows in a broad right angled course out to the Atlantic.
Liberia was founded as a colony for freed American slaves in 1822; various settlements were founded along the coast in the following years, with the bulk of them uniting to create the Republic of Liberia in 1847 (the Republic of Maryland joined later in 1857).
France had also taken an interest in the West African coast, establishing a protectorates along the modern Ivorian coast in the 1840s, which later becoming the colony of Ivory Coast in 1893.
In order to establish ownership over the interior, France and Liberia signed a treaty on 8 December 1892 outlining a boundary between Liberian and French territory (both Ivory Coast and French Guinea).
This utilised the Cavalla river and series of straight lines, however the difficulties with demarcating this boundary on the ground led France and Liberia to conclude another treaty on 18 September 1907 (confirmed in January 1911) which moved it southwards to its current position.
Landscape with a Windmill is an early painting in oils on canvas by Jacob van Ruisdael, painted in 1646 and now in the Cleveland Museum of Art in Ohio.
It had initially been loaned to them by the Mr and Mrs William H. Marlatt fund, who had bought it in 1967 from Kunsthandlung F. Kleinberger & Co, a New York art dealer, who had in turn bought it at the auction of the Cook collection at Christie's in London on 25 November 1966.
It shows a windmill and fields in the foreground, with the North Sea sand dunes near the painter's birthplace of Haarlem in the background.
The work shows that at this date Jacob was still strongly influenced by the style of his uncle and teacher Salomon van Ruysdael.
200 Peachtree is a mixed-use retail center in downtown Atlanta, Georgia designed by Philip T. Shutze and Starrett & van Vleck.
The idea for a large Davison's department store in downtown Atlanta was first put forth by Macy's soon after their acquisition of the Davison's brand in 1925.
On April 25 of that year, Macy's signed a contract with Asa G. Candler, Inc. for them to build the large brick building on Peachtree Street, between Ellis Street and the Henry Grady Hotel.
Atlanta-based architect Philip T. Shutze designed the building along with Starrett & van Vleck, a New York-based architecture firm that specialized in department stores.
In 1948, a five-story addition was added to the rear of the store, which also provided an additional entrance on Carnegie Way.
In 1963, the building underwent a multimillion dollar renovation, including the construction of a 700-car parking garage adjacent to the building.
In 2010, the Atlanta Development Authority authorized a $12 million mezzanine loan from the New Markets Tax Credit Program to convert the building to a mixed-use retail and event venue.
In 2018, several tenants filed a lawsuit against the building's owners, citing unsafe conditions and intimidation tactics used by the owners.
He represented Nigeria at the 1996 Summer Paralympics and at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 48 kg event in 1996.
The International Fur Exchange Building, at 2-14 S. Fourth St. in St. Louis, Missouri, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
The 2020 elections for the Illinois House of Representatives will take place on Tuesday, November 3, 2020 to elect representatives from all 118 districts.
The winners of this election will serve in the 102nd General Assembly, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2010 United States Census.
The elections for United States President, Illinois United States Senator, Illinois's 18 congressional districts, and the Illinois Senate will also be held on this date.
The 1st district includes parts of Forest View, as well as all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Archer Heights, Brighton Park, Chicago Lawn, Garfield Ridge, New City, and West Elsdon.
The 2nd district includes all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Armour Square, Bridgeport, Brighton Park, Lower West Side, McKinley Park, Near South Side, Near West Side, and New City.
The 3rd district includes parts of Elmwood Park, as well as all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Austin, Belmont Cragin, Dunning, Hermosa, Logan Square, Montclare, and Portage Park.
Her appointment came under contentious fire from Illinois House Speaker Michael Madigan after proxy votes from former representative Arroyo were used to select Delgado as his replacement.
The 5th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Armour Square, Avalon Park, Douglas, Englewood, Fuller Park, Grand Boulevard, Greater Grand Crossing, Loop, Near North Side, Near South Side, South Shore, Washington Park, and Woodlawn.
The 6th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Armour Square, Bridgeport, Chicago Lawn, Douglas, Englewood, Fuller Park, Grand Boulevard, Greater Grand Crossing, Loop, Near North Side, Near South Side, Near West Side, New City, and West Englewood.
The 7th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Bellwood, Berkeley, Broadview, Forest Park, Hillside, La Grange Park, Maywood, Melrose Park, Northlake, Oak Brook, River Forest, Westchester, and Western Springs.
The 8th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Berwyn, Brookfield, Forest Park, La Grange, La Grange Park, North Riverside, and Oak Park and parts of the Chicago neighborhood of Austin.
The 9th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of East Garfield Park, Lincoln Park, Loop, Lower West Side, Near North Side, Near West Side, North Lawndale, South Lawndale, West Garfield Park, and West Town.
The 10th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Austin, East Garfield Park, Humboldt Park, Lincoln Park, Logan Square, Near North Side, Near West Side, West Garfield Park, and West Town.
The 11th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Albany Park, Avondale, Irving Park, Lake View, Lincoln Park, Lincoln Square, Logan Square, and North Center.
Feigenholtz would become a state senator on January 20, 2020 to fill the vacancy left by former President of the Illinois Senate John Cullerton.
The 13th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Albany Park, Edgewater, Lake View, North Center, North Park, Rogers Park, Uptown, and West Ridge.
The 14th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Evanston and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Edgewater, Rogers Park, Uptown, and West Ridge.
The 15th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Glenview, Morton Grove, Niles, Park Ridge, and Skokie and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Albany Park, Forest Glen, Irving Park, Jefferson Park, North Park, and Norwood Park.
The 16th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Lincolnwood, Morton Grove, and Skokie and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of North Park and West Ridge.
The 17th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Evanston, Glenview, Golf, Morton Grove, Northbrook, Skokie, and Wilmette.
The 18th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Deerfield, Evanston, Glencoe, Glenview, Kenilworth, Northbrook, Northfield, Wilmette, and Winnetka.
The 19th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Elmwood Park, Harwood Heights, Norridge, and River Grove and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Dunning, Forest Glen, Jefferson Park, Norwood Park, O'Hare, and Portage Park.
The 20th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Des Plaines, Franklin Park, Harwood Heights, Niles, Norridge, Park Ridge, Rosemont, and Schiller Park and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Dunning, Edison Park, Norwood Park, and O'Hare.
The 21st district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Bedford Park, Bridgeview, Cicero, Forest View, Lyons, McCook, Riverside, Stickney, and Summit and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Brighton Park, Garfield Ridge, Lower West Side, McKinley Park, and South Lawndale.
Villanueva would become a state senator on January 7, 2020 to fill the vacancy left by former state senator Martin Sandoval and be succeeded by Edgar González Jr. on January 10.
The 22nd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Bedford Park and Burbank and includes all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Archer Heights, Ashburn, Brighton Park, Chicago Lawn, Clearing, Gage Park, Garfield Ridge, West Elsdon, and West Lawn.
He was the 67th Speaker of the House from 1983 to 1995 and has been the 69th Speaker of the House since 1997.
The 23rd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Bedford Park, Berwyn, Bridgeview, Brookfield, Burbank, Cicero, Countryside, Hickory Hills, Hodgkins, Justice, La Grange, La Grange Park, McCook, Riverside, and Summit.
The 24th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Berwyn, Brookfield, Cicero, Riverside, and Stickney and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhood of South Lawndale.
The 25th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Calumet Heights, East Side, Hegewisch, Hyde Park, Kenwood, South Chicago, South Deering, South Shore, and Woodlawn.
The 26th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Calumet Heights, Douglas, Grand Boulevard, Hyde Park, Kenwood, Loop, Near North Side, Near South Side, South Chicago, South Shore, Washington Park, and Woodlawn.
After winning his election and the election of Governor J.B. Pritzker, Mitchell would join the Pritzker administration as a deputy governor.
The 27th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Alsip, Blue Island, Crestwood, Midlothian, Orland Park, Palos Heights, Robbins, and Worth and parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Auburn Gresham, Beverly, Chatham, Morgan Park, Roseland, Washington Heights, and West Pullman.
The 28th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Blue Island, Calumet Park, Crestwood, Midlothian, Oak Forest, Orland Park, Riverdale, Robbins, and Tinley Park and parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Morgan Park, Roseland, and West Pullman.
The 29th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Calumet Heights, Chicago Heights, Crete, Dolton, East Hazel Crest, Ford Heights, Glenwood, Harvey, Homewood, Lansing, Lynwood, Monee, Phoenix, Sauk Village, South Chicago Heights, South Holland, Steger, Thornton, and University Park and parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Riverdale and West Pullman.
The 30th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Blue Island, Dixmoor, Dolton, East Hazel Crest, Flossmoor, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Markham, Midlothian, Oak Forest, Phoenix, Posen, Riverdale, and Robbins.
The 31st district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Bedford Park, Bridgeview, Burr Ridge, Chicago Ridge, Countryside, Hickory Hills, Hodgkins, Hometown, Indian Head Park, Justice, Oak Lawn, Palos Hills, and Willow Springs and parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Ashburn, Auburn Gresham, Chatham, Chicago Lawn, Englewood, Greater Grand Crossing, and West Englewood.
The 32nd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Bridgeview, Burbank, Hickory Hills, Justice, and Oak Lawn and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Ashburn, Chicago Lawn, Englewood, Greater Grand Crossing, West Englewood, and Woodlawn.
The 33rd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Burnham, Calumet City, Ford Heights, Lansing, Lynwood, and Sauk Village and includes all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Avalon Park, Burnside, Calumet Heights, Chatham, East Side, Hegewisch, South Chicago, and South Deering.
The 34th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Beecher, Bourbonnais, Burnham, Calumet City, Crete, Ford Heights, Grant Park, Lansing, Lynwood, Manteno, Momence, Peotone, Sauk Village, South Holland, and Willowbrook and includes all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Chatham, Greater Grand Crossing, Hegewisch, Pullman, Riverdale, Roseland, South Deering, and West Pullman.
The 35th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Alsip, Chicago Ridge, Merrionette Park, Oak Lawn, Orland Hills, Orland Park, Palos Heights, Palos Park, Tinley Park, and Worth and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Auburn Gresham, Beverly, Morgan Park, Mount Greenwood, and Washington Heights.
The 36th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Chicago Ridge, Evergreen Park, Oak Lawn, Palos Heights, Palos Park, Willow Springs, and Worth and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Ashburn, Auburn Gresham, Beverly, and Mount Greenwood.
The 37th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Frankfort, Frankfort Square, Homer Glen, Joliet, Lockport, Mokena, New Lenox, Orland Park, and Tinley Park.
The 38th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Country Club Hills, Flossmoor, Frankfort, Frankfort Square, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Markham, Matteson, Oak Forest, Olympia Fields, Park Forest, Richton Park, Tinley Park, and University Park.
The 39th district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Avondale, Belmont Cragin, Dunning, Hermosa, Irving Park, Logan Square, and Portage Park.
The 42nd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Carol Stream, Lisle, Naperville, Warrenville, West Chicago, Wheaton, and Winfield.
The 43rd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Barrington Hills, Carpentersville, East Dundee, Elgin, Hoffman Estates, and South Elgin.
The 44th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Bartlett, Elgin, Hanover Park, Hoffman Estates, Schaumburg, and Streamwood.
The 45th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Addison, Bartlett, Bloomingdale, Carol Stream, Elk Grove Village, Hanover Park, Itasca, Roselle, Streamwood, Wayne, West Chicago, and Wood Dale.
The 46th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Addison, Bloomingdale, Carol Stream, Elmhurst, Glen Ellyn, Glendale Heights, Hanover Park, Lombard, Oakbrook Terrace, Villa Park, and Wheaton.
The 47th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Burr Ridge, Clarendon Hills, Darien, Downers Grove, Elmhurst, Hinsdale, Lombard, Oak Brook, Oakbrook Terrace, Villa Park, Western Springs, Westmont, and Willowbrook.
The 48th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Downers Grove, Glen Ellyn, Lisle, Lombard, Oakbrook Terrace, Villa Park, and Wheaton.
The 49th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Aurora, Bartlett, Batavia, Elgin, Geneva, Naperville, North Aurora, South Elgin, St. Charles, Warrenville, Wayne, and West Chicago.
The 50th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Aurora, Batavia, Big Rock, Campton Hills, Elburn, Geneva, Lily Lake, Montgomery, North Aurora, Oswego, Plano, Prestbury, St. Charles, Sugar Grove, and Yorkville.
The 51st district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Arlington Heights, Barrington, Barrington Hills, Buffalo Grove, Deer Park, Forest Lake, Grayslake, Green Oaks, Gurnee, Hawthorn Woods, Kildeer, Lake Barrington, Lake Zurich, Libertyville, Long Grove, Mettawa, Mundelein, North Barrington, Tower Lakes, Vernon Hills, Wauconda, and Waukegan.
The 52nd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Algonquin, Barrington, Barrington Hills, Carpentersville, Cary, Crystal Lake, East Dundee, Fox River Grove, Hoffman Estates, Inverness, Island Lake, Lake Barrington, Lake in the Hills, North Barrington, Oakwood Hills, Port Barrington, Prairie Grove, South Barrington, Tower Lakes, Trout Valley, and Wauconda.
The 53rd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Arlington Heights, Buffalo Grove, Des Plaines, Elk Grove Village, Mount Prospect, Prospect Heights, and Wheeling.
The 54th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Arlington Heights, Barrington, Deer Park, Hoffman Estates, Inverness, Palatine, Rolling Meadows, Schaumburg, and South Barrington.
The 55th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Arlington Heights, Des Plaines, Elk Grove Village, Mount Prospect, Park Ridge, Rolling Meadows, and Schaumburg as well as parts of the Chicago neighborhood of O'Hare.
The 56th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Elk Grove Village, Hanover Park, Hoffman Estates, Palatine, Rolling Meadows, Roselle, and Schaumburg.
The 57th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Arlington Heights, Buffalo Grove, Des Plaines, Glenview, Mount Prospect, Northbrook, Palatine, Prospect Heights, and Wheeling.
The 58th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Bannockburn, Deerfield, Glencoe, Highland Park, Highwood, Knollwood, Lake Bluff, Lake Forest, Lincolnshire, Mettawa, North Chicago, Northbrook, and Riverwoods.
The 59th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Buffalo Grove, Green Oaks, Gurnee, Indian Creek, Knollwood, Lake Forest, Lincolnshire, Long Grove, Mettawa, Mundelein, North Chicago, Northbrook, Park City, Riverwoods, Vernon Hills, Waukegan, and Wheeling.
The 61st district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Antioch, Beach Park, Gages Lake, Grandwood Park, Gurnee, Lake Villa, Lindenhurst, Old Mill Creek, Third Lake, Wadsworth, Waukegan, Winthrop Harbor, and Zion.
The 62nd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Gages Lake, Grayslake, Gurnee, Hainesville, Lake Villa, Long Lake, Round Lake, Round Lake Beach, Round Lake Heights, Round Lake Park, Third Lake, Venetian Village, Volo, Wauconda, and Waukegan.
The 63rd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Bull Valley, Chemung, Crystal Lake, Greenwood, Harvard, Hebron, Johnsburg, Lakemoor, Marengo, McCullom Lake, McHenry, Pistakee Highlands, Richmond, Ringwood, Spring Grove, Union, Wonder Lake, and Woodstock.
The 64th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Antioch, Bull Valley, Channel Lake, Crystal Lake, Fox Lake, Fox Lake Hills, Holiday Hills, Island Lake, Johnsburg, Lake Catherine, Lake Villa, Lakemoor, Lakewood, Lindenhurst, Long Lake, McHenry, Prairie Grove, Round Lake Heights, Spring Grove, Venetian Village, Volo, Wauconda, Wonder Lake, and Woodstock.
The 65th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Batavia, Burlington, Campton Hills, Elgin, Geneva, Gilberts, Hampshire, Huntley, Pingree Grove, South Elgin, St. Charles, and Wayne.
The 66th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Algonquin, Carpetnersville, Crystal Lake, East Dundee, Elgin, Gilberts, Huntley, Lake in the Hills, Lakewood, Sleepy Hollow, and West Dundee.
The 69th district covers all or parts of Belvidere, Caledonia, Capron, Cherry Valley, Loves Park, New Milford, Poplar Grove, Rockford, Rockton, Roscoe, South Beloit, and Timberlane.
The 70th district, located partly in the Chicagoland area, includes Belvidere, Big Rock, Burlington, Campton Hills, Cortland, DeKalb, Elgin, Garden Prairie, Genoa, Hampshire, Hinckley, Kaneville, Kingston, Kirkland, Lily Lake, Malta, Maple Park, Poplar Grove, Sugar Grove, Sycamore, and Virgil.
The 71st district, located partly in the Quad Cities area, covers all or parts of Albany, Carbon Cliff, Cleveland, Coal Valley, Colona, Como, Cordova, Deer Grove, East Moline, Erie, Fulton, Hampton, Hillsdale, Lyndon, Moline, Morrison, Port Byron, Prophetstown, Rapids City, Rock Falls, Savanna, Silvis, Sterling, Tampico, and Thomson.
The 72nd district, located in the Quad Cities area, covers all or parts of Andalusia, Coyne Center, Milan, Moline, Oak Grove, Reynolds, Rock Island, and Rock Island Arsenal.
The 73rd district, located in the Peoria metropolitan area, covers all or parts of Bay View Gardens, Bradford, Brimfield, Buda, Chillicothe, Dana, Dunlap, Elmwood, Germantown Hills, Henry, Hopewell, La Fayette, La Rose, Lacon, Leonore, Lostant, Metamora, Neponset, Peoria, Peoria Heights, Princeville, Roanoke, Rome, Rutland, Sparland, Spring Bay, Tiskilwa, Toluca, Toulon, Varna, Washburn, Wenona, Wyanet, and Wyoming.
The 74th district covers all or parts of Aledo, Alexis, Alpha, Altona, Amboy, Andover, Annawan, Atkinson, Bishop Hill, Buda, Cambridge, Dover, East Galesburg, Galesburg, Galva, Geneseo, Gilson, Harmon, Henderson, Hooppole, Joy, Keithsburg, Kewanee, Knoxville, La Moille, London Mills, Manlius, Maquon, Matherville, Mineral, New Bedford, New Boston, North Henderson, Oak Run, Ohio, Oneida, Orion, Rio, Seaton, Sheffield, Sherrard, Sublette, Victoria, Viola, Walnut, Wataga, Williamsfield, Windsor, Woodhull, and Yates City.
The 75th district, located in parts of the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Braceville, Braidwood, Carbon Hill, Channahon, Coal City, Diamond, Dwight, Godley, Joliet, Kinsman, Lake Holiday, Lakewood Shores, Lisbon, Marseilles, Mazon, Millbrook, Millington, Minooka, Morris, Newark, Oswego, Plano, Plattville, Ransom, Sandwich, Seneca, Sheridan, Verona, Wilmington, and Yorkville.
The 76th district covers all or parts of Arlington, Bureau Junction, Cedar Point, Cherry, Dalzell, Dayton, De Pue, Dover, Grand Ridge, Granville, Hennepin, Hollowayville, Kangley, LaSalle, Ladd, Magnolia, Malden, Mark, Marseilles, McNabb, Naplate, North Utica, Oglesby, Ottawa, Peru, Seatonville, Spring Valley, Standard, Streator, Tonica, and Troy Grove.
The 77th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Addison, Bellwood, Bensenville, Berkeley, Des Plaines, Elk Grove Village, Elmhurst, Franklink Park, Maywood, Melrose Park, Northlake, Rosemont, Stone Park, Villa Park, and Wood Dale as well parts of the Chicago neighborhood of O'Hare.
The 78th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Elmwood Park, Franklin Park, Melrose Park, Oak Park, and River Grove and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhood of Austin.
The 79th district, located mostly in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Aroma Park, Beecher, Bonfield, Bourbonnais, Braceville, Bradley, Buckingham, Cabery, Chebanse, Coal City, East Brooklyn, Essex, Gardner, Godley, Herscher, Hopkins Park, Irwin, Kankakee, Limestone, Momence, Peotone, Reddick, Sammons Point, South Wilmington, St. Anne, Sun River Terrace, and Union Hill.
The 80th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Chicago Heights, Flossmoor, Frankfort, Glenwood, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Joliet, Manhattan, Matteson, Mokena, Monee, New Lenox, Olympia Fields, Park Forest, Richton Park, South Chicago Heights, Steger, Symerton, University Park, and Wilmington.
The 82nd district, located in the Chicagoland area, covers parts of Burr Ridge, Countryside, Darien, Hinsdale, Homer Glen, Indian Head Park, La Grange, Lemont, Lockport, Palos Park, Western Springs, Willow Springs, Willowbrook, and Woodridge.
The 85th district, located in the Chicagoland area, covers parts of Bolingbrook, Crest Hill, Fairmont, Lemont, Lockport, Naperville, Romeoville, and Woodridge.
The 86th district, located in the Chicagoland area, covers all or parts of Channahon, Crest Hill, Elmwood, Ingalls Park, Joliet, New Lenox, Preston Heights, Rockdale, and Shorewood.
The 87th district, located within the Springfield metropolitan area, includes all or parts of Armington, Athens, Atlanta, Beason, Broadwell, Buffalo, Cantrall, Chestnut, Clear Lake, Cornland, Dawson, Delavan, Elkhart, Emden, Grandview, Green Valley, Greenview, Hartsburg, Hopedale, Illiopolis, Lake Petersburg, Latham, Lincoln, Mechanicsburg, Middletown, Minier, Morton, Mount Pulaski, New Holland, Oakford, Pekin, Petersburg, Riverton, Rochester, San Jose, Sherman, Spaulding, Springfield, Tallula, Tremon, and Williamsville.
The 88th district, located in parts of the Peoria metropolitan area and Bloomington–Normal area, covers all or parts of Bloomington, Danvers, Deer Creek, East Peoria, Goodfield, Heritage Lake, Mackinaw, McLean, Morton, Normal, Pekin, Stanford, Twin Grove, and Washington.
The 89th district covers all or parts of Adeline, Apple Canyon Lake, Apple River, Cedarville, Chadwick, Coleta, Dakota, Davis, Durand, East Dubuque, Elizabeth, Forreston, Freeport, Galena, The Galena Territory, German Valley, Hanover, Lake Summerset, Lanark, Leaf River, Lena, Menominee, Milledgeville, Mount Carroll, Mount Morris, Nora, Orangeville, Pearl City, Pecatonica, Ridott, Rock City, Rockford, Scales Mound, Shannon, Stockton, Warren, Winnebago, and Winslow.
The 90th district covers all or parts of Amboy, Ashton, Byron, Compton, Creston, Davis Junction, DeKalb, Dixon, Earlville, Franklin Grove, Grand Detour, Hillcrest, Lake Holiday, Lee, Leland, Lost Nation, Malta, Mendota, Monroe Center, Nelson, Oregon, Paw Paw, Polo, Rochelle, Sandwich, Shabbona, Somonauk, Steward, Stillman Valley, Sublette, Waterman, and West Brooklyn.
The 91st district, located in the Peoria metropolitan area, includes all or parts of Banner, Bartonville, Bryant, Canton, Creve Coeur, Cuba, Dunfermline, East Peoria, Fairview, Farmington, Glasford, Hanna City, Kingston Mines, Lake Camelot, Lewistown, Liverpool, Mapleton, Marquette Heights, Morton, Norris, North Pekin, Norwood, Pekin, South Pekin, and St. David.
The 92nd district, located at the heart of the Peoria metropolitan area, covers all or parts of Bartonville, Bellevue, Peoria, Peoria Heights, and West Peoria.
The 93rd district represents all or parts of Abingdon, Adair, Alexis, Arenzville, Ashland, Astoria, Avon, Bardolph, Bath, Beardstown, Blandinsville, Browning, Bushnell, Camden, Chandlerville, Colchester, Easton, Ellisville, Forest City, Galesburg, Georgetown, Good Hope, Goofy Ridge, Havana, Industry, Ipava, Kilbourne, Littleton, London Mills, Macomb, Manito, Marietta, Mason City, Mound Station, Mount Sterling, Plymouth, Prairie City, Ripley, Rushville, San Jose, Sciota, Smithfield, St. Augustine, Table Grove, Tennessee, Topeka, Vermont, Versailles, and Virginia.
The 94th district represents all or parts of Augusta, Basco, Bentley, Biggsville, Bowen, Camp Point, Carthage, Clayton, Coatsburg, Columbus, Dallas City, Elvaston, Ferris, Gladstone, Golden, Gulf Port, Hamilton, Kirkwood, La Harpe, La Prairie, Liberty, Lima, Little York, Lomax, Loraine, Media, Mendon, Monmouth, Nauvoo, Oquawka, Payson, Plainville, Plymouth, Pontoosuc, Quincy, Raritan, Roseville, Stronghurst, Ursa, Warsaw, and West Point.
The 96th district, located in the Springfield metropolitan area, includes all or parts of Blue Mound, Boody, Bulpitt, Decatur, Edinburg, Harristown, Jeisyville, Kincaid, Mount Auburn, Niantic, Rochester, Springfield, Stonington, Taylorville, and Tovey.
The 97th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Aurora, Bolingbrook, Boulder Hill, Channahon, Joliet, Montgomery, Naperville, Oswego, Plainfield, Romeoville, and Shorewood.
The 98th district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes all or parts of Bolingbrook, Crest Hill, Crystal Lawns, Joliet, Romeoville, and Shorewood.
The 99th district, located in the Springfield metropolitan area, covers all or parts of Auburn, Berlin, Chatham, Curran, Divernon, Jerome, Leland Grove, Loami, New Berlin, Pawnee, Pleasant Plains, Southern View, Springfield, Thayer, and Virden.
The 101st district, located partly in the Bloomington-Normal area, covers all or parts of Argenta, Arrowsmith, Atwood, Bellflower, Bement, Cerro Gorod, Champaign, Cisco, Clinton, De Land, De Witt, Decatur, Downs, Ellsworth, Farmer City, Fisher, Foosland, Forsyth, Hammond, Heyworth, Ivesdale, Kenney, Lake of the Woods, LaPlace, Le Roy, Long Creek, Ludlow, Mahomet, Mansfield, Maroa, Monticello, Mount Zion, Niantic, Oreana, Saybrook, Wapella, Warrensburg, Waynesville, Weldon, and White Heath.
The district has been represented by Republican Brad Halbrook since January 11, 2017, previously serving the 110th district in the Illinois House of Representatives from April 2012 to January 14, 2015.
The 104th district covers parts of the Champaign-Urbana metropolitan area, including all or parts of Belgium, Catlin, Champaign, Danville, Fithian, Georgetown, Gifford, Indianola, Muncie, Oakwood, Olivet, Penfield, Rantoul, Ridge Farm, Royal, Savoy, Thomasboro, Tilton, and Westville.
The 105th district, located in the Bloomington-Normal area, includes all or parts of Anchor, Bloomington, Carlock, Chenoa, Colfax, Cooksville, Downs, El Paso, Fairbury, Forrest, Gridley, Hudson, Lexington, Normal, Strawn, and Towanda.
The district has been represented by Republican Dan Brady since January 9, 2013, who formerly represented the 88th district from January 10, 2001 to January 9, 2013.
The 107th district includes all or parts of Alma, Altamont, Beecher City, Bingham, Brownstown, Central City, Centralia, Edgewood, Effingham, Farina, Greenville, Iuka, Junction City, Kell, Keyesport, Kinmundy, Mason, Mulberry Grove, Odin, Old Ripley, Panama, Patoka, Pierron, Pocahontas, Ramsey, Salem, Sandoval, Shumway, Smithboro, Sorento, St. Elmo, St. Peter, Teutopolis, Vandalia, Vernon, Walnut Hill, Wamac, and Watson.
The 108th district, located in the Metro East, includes all or parts of Addieville, Albers, Alhambra, Aviston, Bartelso, Beckemeyer, Breese, Carlyle, Centralia, Damiansville, Edwardsville, Germantown, Grantfork, Hamel, Highland, Hoffman, Hoyleton, Huey, Irvington, Marine, Maryville, Mascoutah, Nashville, New Baden, New Minden, O’Fallon, Oakdale, Okawville, Pierron, Richview, St. Jacob, Summerfield, Trenton, Troy, and Venedy.
The 109th district, located in the Illinois Wabash Valley, includes all or parts of Albion, Allendale, Bellmont, Bone Gap, Bridgeport, Browns, Burnt Prairie, Calhoun, Carmi, Cisne, Claremont, Clay City, Crossville, Dieterich, Enfield, Fairfield, Flora, Golden Gate, Grayville, Iola, Jeffersonville, Johnsonville, Keenes, Keensburg, Louisville, Maunie, Montrose, Mount Carmel, Mount Erie, Newtown, Noble, Norris City, Olney, Parkersburg, Phillipstown, Rose Hill, Sailor Springs, Sims, Springerton, St. Francisville, Ste.
The 110th district includes all or parts of Annapolis, Ashmore, Casey, Charleston, Flat Rock, Greenup, Humboldt, Hutsonville, Jewett, Kansas, Lawrenceville, Lerna, Marshall, Martinsville, Mattoon, Neoga, Oakland, Oblong, Palestine, Robinson, Russellville, Stoy, Toledo, West Union, West York, and Westfield.
The 111th district, located in the Metro East, includes all or parts of Alton, Bethalto, East Alton, Edwardsville, Elsah, Godfrey, Granite City, Hartford, Holiday Shores, Madison, Pontoon Beach, Rosewood Heights, Roxana, South Roxana, and Wood River.
The 112th district, located in the Metro East, includes all or parts of Bethalto, Caseyville, Collinsville, Edwardsville, Fairmont City, Fairview Heights, Glen Carbon, Granite City, Madison, Maryville, O'Fallon, Pontoon Beach, Roxana, Shiloh, Swansea, and Wood River.
The 113th district, located in the Metro East, includes all or parts of Belleville, Brooklyn, Caseyville, Collinsville, East St. Louis, Fairmont City, Fairview Heights, Granite City, Madison, Shiloh, Swansea, Venice, and Washington Park.
Democrat Jay Hoffman, who has been a member of the Illinois House of Representatives since January 9, 1991 (with a nine-month interruption in 1997), has represented the district since January 9, 2013.
The 114th district, located in the Metro East, includes all or parts of Alorton, Belleville, Cahokia, Centreville, East St. Louis, Fairmont City, Fairview Heights, Freeburg, Lebanon, Mascoutah, Millstadt, O'Fallon, Rentchler, Sauget, Scott Air Force Base, Shiloh, Smithton and Washington Park.
The 115th district includes all or parts of Alto Pass, Anna, Ashley, Ava, Belle Rive, Bluford, Bonnie, Campbell Hill, Carbondale, Centralia, Cobden, De Soto, Dix, Dongola, Du Bois, Du Quoin, Elkville, Gorham, Grand Tower, Harrison, Ina, Jonesboro, Makanda, Mill Creek, Mount Vernon, Murphysboro, Nashville, Opdyke, Pinckneyville, Radom, Richview, St. Johns, Tamaroa, Vergennes, Waltonville, and Woodlawn.
The 116th district, located in part of the Metro East, includes all or parts of Baldwin, Cahokia, Chester, Columbia, Coulterville, Cutler, Darmstadt, Du Quoin, Dupo, East Carondelet, Ellis Grove, Evansville, Fayetteville, Floraville, Fults, Hecker, Kaskaskia, Lenzburg, Maeystown, Marissa, Millstadt, New Athens, Paderborn, Percy, Pinckneyville, Prairie du Rocher, Red Bud, Rockwood, Ruma, Sauget, Smithton, Sparta, St. Libory, Steeleville, Tilden, Valmeyer, Waterloo, and Willisville.
The 117th district includes all or parts of Benton, Buckner, Bush, Cambria, Carbondale, Carterville, Christopher, Colp, Crab Orchard, Creal Springs, Energy, Ewing, Freeman Spur, Granville, Hanaford, Herrin, Hurst, Johnston City, Macedonia, Marion, McLeansboro, Mulkeytown, North City, Orient, Pittsburg, Royalton, Sesser, Spillertown, Stonefort, Thompsonville, Valier, West City, West Frankfort, Whiteash, and Zeigler.
Live in Adelaide '19 is the first in a trio of benefit live albums by Australian psychedelic rock band, King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, which was released digitally to Bandcamp on 10 January 2020.
The Cardinal II began development in 2009 and is based on the Cardinal I but has a better payload design, digital data link, and automatic tracking antenna system.It was exhibited at the 2015 Paris Air Show.
In 2012 Lovly joined the faculty at Vanderbilt University, where she serves as an Associate Professor and the Co-Leader of the Translational Research and Interventional Oncology Program at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
When this protein is altered, there is potential for pharmaceuticals that block the action of the mutant ALK gene, but almost all patients develop resistance to them.
It is known that non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) do not respond as effectively to combination drugs as other forms of lung cancer.
Lovly has worked with computer scientists to develop algorithms that can identify the drug interactions that are effective at killing tumours and result in fewer side effects.
After graduating from high school in 1957, he completed an apprenticeship as a sculptor and stonemason at the Dombauhütte in Cologne.
He then became a visiting professor at Northern Michigan University before being appointed full professor of sculpture at RWTH Aachen University.
Nurole is used by the boards of businesses to access a pre-vetted pool of potential candidates, numbering over 30,000 across 100 countries.
Members are matched to opportunities on the platform, including both compensated and pro bono roles across the private, public and charitable sectors, based on their interests and experience.
Nurole was founded in 2014 by Susie Cummings, a headhunter with over 30 years of experience who was frustrated by the inefficiency of the traditional executive search process.
Cummings, who is also the sibling of Charles Tyrwhitt founder Nicholas Wheeler, previously founded Blackwood Group, an executive search firm with a focus on financial services and private equity.
Crank first began as a set designer in Richmond's local theaters and then started working in film as a set painter around 1990.
It is a two-story red-brown brick building, on a limestone foundation, which was built as a factory and offices building for the Sanitol Chemical Laboratory Company.
Alexander Gillies (14 June 1875–1932) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Leicester Fosse, Manchester City and The Wednesday.
Discovered by film director Václav Krška, she was recognized as one of the most notable Czech actresses of 1950s despite featuring only in 6 films (and one school etude).
She committed suicide after, in a widespread opinion, after a complicated platonic romance with (married) opera singer Přemysl Kočí, aggravated by various rumours.
Popular with locals, the trail starts just inside the Cañon City city limits and then, crossing out of the city, it goes on State of Colorado and BLM land.
John Henry Lienhard V (born 1961) is the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Water and Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lienhard was born in 1961 in Pullman, Washington, where his father, John H. Lienhard IV, was a professor at Washington State University.
He then transferred to the University of California, San Diego, where he wrote his doctoral dissertation on wind-tunnel measurements of strongly stratified turbulent flow, finishing in 1988.
Lienhard's doctoral experiments encompassed Brunt-Väisälä frequencies up to 2.4 s and required the development of hot-wire anemometry usable in the presence of large temperature fluctuations.
In 1998, they used a jet array at 46 m/s to remove 1.7 kW/cm by convection alone over areas of several cm.
Energy (2008–2017), a multi-million dollar research collaboration with King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) involving dozens of faculty members at KFUPM and MIT.
J-WAFS funds diverse research on water and food, across all of MIT's schools, to address the needs of a rapidly growing population on a changing planet.
In 2001, they made the decision to distribute the work primarily as an ebook, one of the first textbooks to adopt this format.
In addition, Lienhard's research group has received many best paper, poster, and presentation awards for their work in desalination and heat transfer.
The ecoregion stretches in patches on the main Tian Shan mountain ridge, across approximately 2,000 km from western Kyrgyzstan to eastern Xinjiang Province in China.
The conifer forest belt is found on north-facing slopes, at altitudes from a minimum of 1,500 meters (below which it is too dry to support conifers) to a maximum of 2,700 meters (above which it is too cold).
The disconnected components of the ecoregion tend to be elongated along ridges that average 4,000 meters in height, with one of the larger sections wrapping around Lake Issyk-Kul.
The domminant conifer in these forests is the Asian spruce (Picea schrenkiana), which usually grows in stands of the same species.
The work was exhibited at a retrospective on the artist in Paris in 1866, at which time it was owned by the Duke of Persigny.
After passing through other hands, it was sold at auction at Christie's in London in 1965 for 170,000 guineas, passing to its present owner later the same year.
Although the Cleveland work instead holds a small toy windmill in his left hand, López-Rey argues that that was the result of transcription error by the copyist.
Julián Gállego argues that what the subject is holding in his left hand is not a windmill but a small arrow or a 'banderilla'.
However, on his visit to the palace Antonio Ponz referred to it as a windmill despite some doubts as to its attribution to Velázquez.
Leo Steinberg instead attributes the work to Alonzo Cano and the painting's subject and attribution are also doubted by Elizabeth du Gué Trapier and Jonathan Brown.
They note the difference between the work's dimensions and those of the works in the inventories (two and a half aunes high, just over 2 metres) and the decolletage of the woman in the miniature portrait, closer to the style of the reign of Charles II of Spain, though the latter discrepancy is explained by the museum as a later addition.
It is also argued that 'Calabacillas' only entered Philip IV of Spain's service in 1632 and that - combined with the construction dates of the Buen Retiro Palace and the work's homogenous brushstrokes - the work cannot have been painted in 1628-1629 as López-Rey argues.
However, the paint surface has been badly affected by a later re-stretching of the canvas and it is possible its subject may be Velasquillo as in the 1789 inventory.
Tyquan Terrell (born in 16 April 1998), is a professional football player from St. Kitts and Nevis who plays for the St. Kitts and Nevis national team.
He debuted internationally in 18 February 2017, with the St. Kitts and Nevis U20 against Haiti U20 in a 1-5 loss during the 2017 CONCACAF U-20 Championship held in Costa Rica.
In 5 September 2019, Terrell made his senior debut in a match against Grenada in a 2-1 defeat in the CONCACAF Nations League.
Terrell scored his first goal for St. Kitts and Nevis in a 3-1 defeat to non-FIFA member French Guiana in a 3-1 defeat, resulting to St. Kitts and Nevis' relegation to League C of the CONCACAF Nations League.
Named in honor of the liberal writer and government minister Ramón Rosa (1848–1993), the award was created by legislative decree in 1949, and first given in 1951, to Luis Andrés Zúniga.
It is sponsored by the Civic Projects and Emergency Education Unit of the , the executive branch, and the Secretariat of Culture, Arts, and Sports.
The Ramón Rosa National Literature Award is given for works in the areas of poetry, novel, short story, oratory and narration, journalism, drama, essay, criticism, and any other genre that contributes to the development of letters and culture in the country.
Hampton was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives for Gilmer County (1933) and the Georgia State Senate (1937-37/38 Ex., 1943).
He won two medals: one of the bronze medals in the men's 60 kg event in 2008 and the silver medal in the men's 60 kg event in 2012.
It rises in the chain of Jakupica at 1900 m above sea level, then descends to the northeast and flows into Vardar, at an altitude of 212 m. It crosses in particular the villages of Batinci, Markova Sušica and Dračevo.
It is subject to summer drought and snowmelt in the spring, and therefore experiences a very different flow depending on the season.
Kerri Claire Neil is a Newfoundland and Labrador activist and academic who stood in the 2018 Windsor Lake by-election for the New Democratic Party, running against Progressive Conservative leader Ches Crosbie and Liberal candidate Paul Antle.
Neil worked with Dr. Tony Fang, the Stephen Jarislowsky Chair at Memorial University of Newfoundland, as Research Assistant from April 2015 to February 2019.
In September 2018, she stood for election to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly against Ches Crosbie and Paul Antle, noting that both the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives had a record of mismanaging the provincial economy.
From April to October 2019, she was Project Director for the Social Justice Co-operative of Newfoundland and Labrador (successor to the provincial Oxfam Canada chapter).
In January 2020, she became engaged to Lea Mary Movelle, who ran in the 2019 Canadian federal election as NDP candidate in the riding of Avalon.
It is recorded in the cabinet of chevalier de Damery, a military officer and collector of prints, drawings and paintings, who after financial ruin had to sell his collection, ending his life in Les Invalides.
After studies at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria, under Heinz Scholz, the brother of Robert Scholz, Alexander Sung studied harpsichord under Isolde Ahlgrimm and piano under Richard Hauser in Vienna.
In 1971 he won fifth prize for harpsichord at the competition Musica Antiqua Bruges and fourth prize for harpsichord at the 1972 International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition.
Island of the Hungry Ghosts is a hybrid documentary film by director Gabrielle Brady that explores the conflict faced by trauma therapist Poh Lin Lee, who works in the Australian Detention Centre for Asylum Seekers on Christmas Island.
Originally known as the Evelyn Hone College of Further Education, the college was officiallly opened in October 1963, by Evelyn Dennison Hone, the last Governor of Northern Rhodesia.
The Cleveland Apollo is a 4th-century BC life-size bronze statue, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art as catalogue number 2004.30 - it acquired it in 2004 using the Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund.
It is also known as Apollo the Python-Slayer, since it is a copy of the Apollo Sauroctonos, the original of which is attributed to Praxiteles.
Its seller stated it came from a private residence in the former German Democratic Republic, where it had been thought to be an 18th or 19th century copy.
Its present owner purchased it the following year, but it soon became a subject of controversy, with rumours that it had in fact originated in looting of a site in Italy or Greece.
This led Greece's Central Archaeological Council to make an official request that the Louvre ban the work from its Praxiteles exhibition in spring 2007.
Italy also demanded that the work be returned, but the Cleveland Museum of Art backed the seller's account of the work and initiated scientific examination of the work.
Chemical analysis also showed that the statue was ancient but the base was in a different mainly lead alloy and dated to the Renaissance at the earliest - the lead taken from the base at the point where it joined to the right foot was just under 100 years old, arguing against the object being recently looted.
He won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 60 kg event in 2008 and one of the bronze medals in the men's 60 kg event in 2012.
In his professional career he reached a top singles ranking of 495 in the world and won three doubles titles on the ITF Futures Circuit.
He also represented Indonesia at the Southeast Asian Games, including in 2003 when he won a silver medal in the singles.
As a child, Zhang displayed special talent in table tennis, and he was selected to the Zhengzhou youth team, living away from home, when he was just eight years old.
Alyssa Nakken (born June 13, 1990) is an American professional baseball coach for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB).
She had a .304 batting average and was named to the All-Pacific Coast Softball Conference all four years, from 2009 through 2012.
The Giants promoted her to the major league coaching staff as an assistant coach in January 2020, making her the first full-time female coach in MLB history.
Though she will wear a baseball uniform, she will not be in the dugout during games, as there is a seven coach maximum, and those seven were hired prior to her.
It was briefly organized as the Puget Sound Library Association and then re-established in its current form with its first meeting on June 30, 1932.
WLA also has eleven interest-based sections, Collection Development & Technical Services (CATS), Children's and Young Adult Services (CAYAS), College Libraries Across Washington State (CLAWS), Intellectual Freedom Section (IFS), Leadership is For Everyone (LIFE), Library & Information Student Section (LISS), Serving Adults in Libraries (SAIL), Social Responsibilities (SRRT), WA Library Employees (WALE), WA Library Trainers (WALT), and WA Library Friends, Foundations, Trustees, and Advocates (WLFFTA).
It depicts a young mother with her children in the shade of a tree, with the dome of St Peter's Basilica in Rome in the background.
Born in 1844, he emigrated to the United States in 1872 and became a homesteader in the Dakota Territory in 1873, eventually owning 16,000 acres.
The Bell Tower sits at tall in the center of the Main Campus between what was the Samuel Paley Library and Beury Hall.
The area is a meeting place and hangout location for students and their protests, promotions, speeches, political campaigning, and charity drives.
Students can live in several on-campus housing units: Morgan Hall, Johnson and Hardwick Residence Halls, James S. White Residence Hall, 1940 Residence Hall, 1300 Residence Hall, and Temple Towers Residence Hall.
The Johnson and Hardwick Residence Halls are 11-floor high-rise facilities that are used as the traditional residence halls on the Main Campus.
The Louis J. Esposito Dining Center is on the ground level of the Johnson and Hardwick Halls near the north end of Main Campus.
Johnson & Hardwick is home to three Living Learning Communities including Performing and Cinematic Arts, Major Exploration, and School of Media and Communication.
White Hall is a four-story complex that opened in the fall of 1993 and houses 558 newly admitted first-year students in two-person and four-person suites with private baths.
White Hall is also home to three Living Learning Communities: Innovate and Create, Leadership, and Residential Organization for Community Service (ROCS).
In addition, 1940 hosts several Living Learning Communities: Architecture & Environmental Design, College of Engineering, Healthy Lifestyles, School of Sports, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Sustainability, and Tyler School of Art.
Opened in the fall of 2001, 1300 North and South accommodates up to 1044 newly admitted, returning, and transfer Main Campus students in suites on the first three floors and in apartments on the top two floors of the complex.
A mixed-use residential, retail, and dining facility, the Mitchell and Hilarie Morgan Residence Hall and Dining Complex, opened in July 2013.
On the corner of Broad Street and Cecil B. Moore Avenue, steps from the Broad Street Subway Line, the site contains three buildings surrounding a large terrace, and is designed to house nearly 1,300 students.
The tallest of the buildings is the 27-floor Morgan Hall North, which is situated on the North end of the site.
It contains 24 floors of residential space for both first-year experience students (transfers and freshmen) as well as returning students (sophomores, juniors, and seniors), a top floor event space, and retail space on the ground level.
Connected to Morgan Hall North is the Dining Hall building, which runs along Broad Street and provides students with 5 dining options.
Both Morgan North and South are notable in that unlike other suite-style residence halls at Temple University, the rooms also include small kitchenettes with a cooktop, full fridge, and microwave.
Both residence halls feature floor-to-ceiling windows covering the entire side of the building to provide views of the campus, Center City, and allow for extensive natural light to enter into all interior spaces of the building.
Temple Towers offers a game room, social lounges (with a fireplace), study lounges, a TV lounge, a bike storage space, and computer stations with printing.
The residence hall building structure had undergone many renovations to better serve modern students including a study/conference room lounge, game room, computer lab, kitchen, new windows, and air conditioning.
The Gertrude Peabody Residence Hall was also known to have been built on land that once occupied one of Russell Conwell's, Temple University's founder, original homes.
Minors residing with graduate student parents/guardians were zoned to the School District of Philadelphia, with specific zoned schools being Tanner Duckrey School (K-8) and Simon Gratz High School.
Madonna and Child with Saints is a 1515 oil on panel painting by Cima da Conegliano, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio.
The work seems to have been left incomplete - the saint on the right (Lucy or Mary Magdalene) hold out her right hand but does not hold an attribute.
After returning to the circuit in 2019 without a great deal of success, Blades entered Q-School on 16 January 2020 and won his Tour Card on the first day by beating Tony Newell 5–1 in the final round.
After graduating high school, he began searching for acting programs until he decided to move to New York to expand his career.
The Australian Sikh Heritage Trail, a group of interconnected pathways in Adenia Park, Riverton, Western Australia, is a monument commemorating the history of Sikhs in Australia.
Information on the signs is organised by theme, such as Sikh farmers, Sikh wrestlers, Sikh Anzacs, Sikh hawkers and Sikh entrepreneurs.
The Australian Sikh Heritage Trail was created through a collaboration of the state government's Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA), the City of Canning, the Australian Sikh Heritage Association, and Sikh Gurdwara Perth, over a period of three years.
The trail was officially opened on 17 April 2018 by Minister for Environment Stephen Dawson, Acting Local Government and Heritage Minister Bill Johnston, and City of Canning mayor Paul Ng.
The annual Australian Sikh Heritage Day was held there on 2 March 2019, attended by local and federal members of parliament, mayors, and the Consul General of India in Perth.
The trail also presents information related to the Whadjuk Noongar culture and Swan Canning Riverpark, and is part of the broader Swan Canning Riverpark Trails Project of interpretation facilities called River Journeys.
David Conner Bane Jr. (born 1940) is an American prelate who served as the eighth Bishop of Southern Virginia, serving from 1991 to 1998.
After ordination he became rector of the Church of St John in Wheeling, West Virginia, while in 1987 he became St James' Church in Keene, New Hampshire.
Bane was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Southern Virginia on April 9, 1997 during a diocesan special session on the seventh ballot.
On June 12, 2009, Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori announced her acceptance of Bane's intention to renounce his ministry as a bishop of the Episcopal Church and resign from the church.
During that time Bane was ministering in the Anglican Diocese of Pittsburgh which had separated from the Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh.
After his renunciation, he joined the Anglican Church in North America, a breakaway denomination that separated from the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada.
However, on March 21, 2015, Bane left the Anglican Church of North America and wrote a letter rescinding his renunciation of the Episcopal Church.
He was formally restored as a member of the Episcopal Church and of the House of Bishops on April 8, 2015.
It is a more powerful paradigm than Key-Value Store because OKVS allow to build higher level abstractions without the need to do a full scan.
Ordered Key-Value Store found their way into many modern database systems including NewSQL database systems like Google Spanner, CockroachDB and TiDB.
In 2014, WiredTiger, successor of Berkeley DB was acquired by MongoDB and is as of 2019 the primary backend of MongoDB database.
All those abstraction can co-exist with the same OKVS database and when ACID is supported, the operations happens with the guarantees offered by the transaction system.
It is located in a farm on what is now 444th Ave., about north of 300th St., in Walshtown Township, Yankton County, South Dakota.
Berkeley, Hall was a research assistant from 1926 to 1927, curator of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology from 1927 to 1944, an assistant professor of vertebrate zoology from 1930 to 1937, and an associate professor from 1937 to 1944.
At the University of Kansas he was a full professor and chair of the zoology department from 1944 to 1967, when he retired as professor emeritus.
Sacrifice of Isaac refers to a work by Andrea del Sarto, existing in three versions at the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden (213x159 cm; 1527-1529), the Cleveland Museum of Art (178x138 cm) and the Museo del Prado (98x69 cm; c.1527-1530).
The Dresden version was commissioned in 1527 by Giovanni Battista Della Palla as a gift for Francis I of France, who around ten years earlier had hosted the artist at the Palace of Fontainebleau.
The work now in Cleveland was probably a test-piece left incomplete, whilst the Dresden version (the largest and most finished) was possibly intended for Francis but was instead seized by Alfonso d'Avalos, marchese del Vasto, who had his monogram added on the rock in the foreground.
Some argue that the version owned by the marchese was in fact the smallest of the three, the one now in Madrid, which is identical to the Dresden version and thus probably slightly later than it.
The Madrid version is known to have been acquired by Charles IV of Spain and appears in the written record for the first time in a 1779 inventory of the Casita del Príncipe at the Escorial Monastery.
The Dresden work was in the Estense collection in Modena, from which it was sold in 1746 in the Dresden Sale.
In October 1938, the Hengyang-Guilin North section of the Xianggui Railway was opened to traffic, and Guilin North station began service.
In 1944, the Japanese army attacked the region, and in response the administration demolished part of the station, along with other facilities.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, in January 1950 Hengyang Railway Bureau repaired the northern section of the Xianggui railway, and both passenger and cargo service resumed.
In January 1953 Liuzhou Railway Bureau (now Nanning Railway Bureau) took over the station, and in 1957 a warehouse with construction area 532.26 sq.
In 2014, the rebuilt Guilin North Station was put into use, and had 9 platforms and 18 tracks, with an elevated waiting hall and a west station hall reserved for the long run.
In 2016, the Guilin North Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hub project was announced, and planned for Guilin North station West Square to cover an area of ​​64,403 square meters, and the total construction area of ​​the West Station Building is 391,890 square meters.
After the completion of Guilin North Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hub, it will be the largest comprehensive railway transportation hub in the western region, a highly modern railway passenger special station, and a super large-scale structure integrating high-speed rail, conventional trains, rail transit, bus, rental, and coaches.
The D2P system could be used to translate a gene of interest into the protein with milligram-to-gram yield directly from nanograms of DNA template.
The D2P system is an innovative pulse in the protein expression technology, and could bring a significant change for protein production in the fields of R&D and world-wide industrial manufacture.
The insect cells or mammalian cells based cell-free synthesis is high cost due to their long, complicated process of cell culture and preparation of cell extraction.
In addition, tedious mRNA preparation steps or large scale of DNA templates are required to be translated into the target protein, which make the production of protein takes even longer time.
With all those limitation, cell-free protein synthesis had been only used in few laboratories in the past half century since its first evention.
With better understandings human system, signal pathways and diseases by systems biology, the development and manufacture of protein drugs have become a recognized trending for the global pharmaceutical industry.
Both are time consuming (a producing cycle could take weeks to months, or even years) and labour-intensive with heavily manual machining of biologics materials.
The high cost of traditional cell-based protein synthesis, in certain extent, limits the large-scale production of protein drugs, their medical applications, deprives patients need, and continuously burdens the healthcare budget.
Violence at shows featuring bands such as the Bags and The Alley Cats caused Madame Wong's restaurant to stop featuring punk bands and switch to slower tempo New Wave acts.
Chai along with ex-Alley Cats John McCarthy and Randy Stodola formed The Zarkons in 1985 for which Chai sang and played bass.
St Anthony Abbot and Michael the Archangel are two tempera on panel works by Filippo Lippi, originally side-panels to a now lost central panel of the Madonna and Child.
Produced between around 1445 and 1450, they are both now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, which also houses a later copy of the central panel by Lippi's workshop.
The original triptych was commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici in 1456 as a gift for Alfonso V of Aragon; Anthony and Michael were his patron saints.
It is mentioned in a letter from Lippi to Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici dated 20 July 1457, which also contains a small sketch of the work.
Though the work increased the artist's popularity with the Medici, it slowed progress on the Cappella Maggiore frescoes at Prato Cathedral, begun in 1452 and only completed in 1462.
The central panel had disappeared by 1871, when the other two appeared on the art market in Rome, where they were acquired by Francis Cook.
Henry Edser (1862 – 9 December 1938) was a New Zealand cricketer who played two matches of first-class cricket for Canterbury in the 1883-84 season.
He did little in the first match against Auckland, but in the second match, against Wellington, he took 5 for 65 and 8 for 75, as well as scoring some useful runs in a low-scoring match, to help take Canterbury to a 15-run victory.
She has won many awards for her reporting, and in addition to her television work has written articles about social justice, women and children for publications including The New York Times.
Barbara studied acting at New York’s High School of Performing Arts - later named LaGuardia High School - and worked in off-off Broadway productions.
Nevins Taylor began her journalism career in the late 1960s as an assistant beauty and fashion editor at Macfadden Communications Group.
After completing college and taking a few acting roles, she resumed her journalism career in 1974 as a reporter for WHNT-TV, Huntsville, Alabama.
The next year she moved to WKYT in Lexington, Kentucky, where in addition to general assignment reporting, she co-anchored the 5 p.m. news.
She went on to Atlanta’s WAGA-TV in 1976 as a general assignment and political reporter covering the Georgia General Assembly, Atlanta City Hall, and Jimmy Carter’s presidential campaigns in 1976 and 1980.
Among other assignments she covered the trials in federal and state courts of Gambino crime boss John Gotti and the federal court trial of New York’s five Mafia families known as the Mafia Commission case.
During her work for WCBS-TV she regularly reported about social issues including homelessness, the foster care crisis and the crack cocaine epidemic.
Nevins Taylor also discovered potential for election fraud in New York City when she was able to register multiple times to vote in primary elections.
As an investigative reporter, she covered issues involving white-collar crime such as mortgage fraud, government wrong-doing, illegal cosmetic surgeries, and unlicensed doctors.
She also covered breaking news and hard news stories, including the terrorist attacks on New York’s World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, where she reported live for both UPN9 and sister station Fox5.
Nevins Taylor began teaching in 2010 and was an assistant professor in the Department of Television and Radio at Brooklyn College until 2015.
She also acted as the de-facto news director of a student news team that reported and produced stories for local cable broadcast.
At Hunter College in 2012, she was the Jack Newfield Visiting Professor of Investigative Journalism teaching investigative reporting for video platforms.
Since the fall of 2016, she has taught television journalism and video reporting, and Introduction to Journalism with an emphasis on writing in the Department of Media and Communication Arts at The City College of New York.
Nevins Taylor has received many television journalism awards from organizations including the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, New York Chapter, Associated Press, New York Press Club, Newswomen's Club of New York and the Society of Professional Journalists Deadline Club, and the Silurians Press Club.
Her awards include: a 2012 Emmy for Journalistic Enterprise, 2010 Emmy for an investigation into a Ponzi scheme, 2010 for an investigation into Unpaid Workers, 2009 for an investigation into Medicaid Fraud.
The City College of New York, awarded her Townsend Harris Medal for achievement in investigative journalism, and she was also voted into the CCNY Communications Alumni Hall of Fame.
The club was founded in 2012 as Bregalnica Golak, after the dissolution of the club with same name, as no sponsor wanted to help.
Michail Seitis qualified to compete in the men's 200m T64 event after winning the silver medal in the men's 200 metres T64 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
He qualified for this event after finishing in 4th place in the men's club throw F32 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Trans World Airlines Flight 5787 was an unscheduled training flight of a Boeing 707 from Atlantic City Airport in Pomona, New Jersey.
The flight was planned as a proficiency check, testing crew response to a simulated single engine failure during takeoff and landing.
Because of a fatigue failure of a hydraulic pipe, hydraulic power was lost while flying at low speed on three engines, resulting in loss of control and a crash killing all on board.
The crew, and sole occupants, were instructor pilot Harry D. Caines (56), two captains, first officer Donald Sklarin (38), and flight engineer Frank J. Jonke (29).
The aircraft was then released for non-revenue training use as Flight 5787, providing recurrent training and proficiency checks for three TWA line captains.
Flight 5787 originated at JFK, and was planned to proceed to the National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center (NAFEC) at Atlantic City Airport to perform the required training and proficiency check maneuvers.
On arrival, the aircraft landed on runway 13 with the first check-ride Captain Cains at the controls, in the left-hand seat.
The proficiency checker briefed the take-off as a simulated engine failure after V. The take-off was carried out and the No.
The tower granted Flight 5787 permission to either land, make a touch-and-go landing, or make a low approach of the runway at its discretion.
The proficiency checker briefed the check pilot to carry out a three-engine ILS approach and expect a three engine go-around at the decision height.
The proficiency checker called for the go-around at the decision height, and the check captain complied, applying full power on engine nos.
Approximately 16 to 18 seconds after the call for go-around, one of the observing crew commented that all hydraulic power had been lost.
The cause of the accident was found to be poor procedures for simulating engine failures and failure to apply the correct procedure for hydraulic failure, as well as loss of hydraulic power to the rudder in a critical flight condition.
The loss of hydraulic power was found to be due to a fatigue failure in the left outboard spoiler actuator downline, dumping hydraulic fluid from the aircraft's utility hydraulic system overboard.
With no power to the rudder actuator, at low speed, undercarriage down, full flaps and only three engines, the aircraft was not capable of recovery and the crash was inevitable.
The existing tram line 5 shared the same tracks with metro line 51 between De Boelelaan/VU and Oranjebaan stations, and continues to run with some bus replacement planned as the renovation progresses.
The tracks ran mainly along a reserved right-of-way in the middle of the street Beneluxbaan with street intersections controlled by traffic lights.
Heading south, a light-rail train would raise its pantograph, retract its third-rail shoes and switch voltage from 750V (metro) to 600V (light rail).
The cost of renovating the Amstelveen line is €300 million with the municipality of Amsterdam paying €225 million and the Dutch government paying the remaining €75 million.
The following is a summary of the work needed to renovate the Amstelveenlijn, and convert it from light-rail to tram operation.
However, as part of the separate Zuidasdok project (related to the renovation at the railway station), the terminus would be later relocated to a new tram station on Arnold Schönberglaan on the south side of the railway station.
The nose at each end of the tram is shaped so that in the event of a collision, the tram pushes aside the other vehicle rather than trapping it under the tram.
A new tram depot is being constructed south of the Westwijk terminus in Legmeerpolder on the south side of J.C. van Hattumweg.
After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he entered Wuhan Water Transport Engineering College (now Wuhan University of Technology), where he graduated in 1982.
In 1987 he earned his Master of Science degree at Wuhan Water Transport Engineering College under the direction of Zhou Jingnan () and Xiao Hanliang ().
In 1997 he received his doctor's degree in Engineering from Xi'an Jiaotong University under the direction of and Yu lie ().
He taught at Wuhan University of Communications Science and Technology (now Wuhan University of Technology) since 1992, what he was promoted to associate professor in November 1992 and to full professor in November 1996.
He has been director of National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety (WTS Center) since May 2015 and director of International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Shipping and Maritime Safety since November 2016.
The Iran Cables is the name of a comprehensive reporting project of The Intercept in partnership with the New York Times detailing the level of influence that Iran has had on Iraq since the 2003 United States invasion of Iraq.
This series of in-depth articles published on November 18 2019, is based on a leak of over 700 pages of Iranian intelligence reports provided to The Intercept by an anonymous source.
He has served as the director of the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, the first president of the Institute for Basic Science, and the 27th president of Seoul National University.
Staying in California, Oh worked as a researcher at the Palo Alto Institute of Xerox until 1984, in which he returned to Korea to work as a professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy in Seoul National University (SNU).
He later served as the director of the Multi-Systems Research Center for Excellence of the Ministry of Science and Technology with the last several years overlapping as the director and later vice chairman of the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies.
He left to pursue the president's office at SNU, where he scored highly in the policy evaluation before losing to Sung Nak-in, who became the 26th president of SNU.
The Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests were anti-government protests that swept Iran in January 2020 after it was revealed that Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran while the Iranian government covered it up.
On 8January 2020, the Boeing 737-800 operating the route was shot down shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport; all 176 passengers and crew were killed.
Initially, Iranian aviation authorities said that the plane crashed due to a technical error, while Ukrainian authorities, after initially deferring to Iran's explanation, said a shoot-down of the flight was one of their main working theories.
Investigation by western intelligence agencies later revealed the aircraft had been shot down by a Tor-M1 surface-to-air missile launched by Iran.
Three days later, on 11 January, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said they had shot down the aircraft after mistaking it for a cruise missile.
Soon after, vigils in Iran, planned to pay respect to the victims, turned into protests, first at universities in Tehran and then across other Iran cities.
Originally against government corruption and economic deficiency, the protests quickly grew as fuel prices increased by 200% in Iran and the aim of the protests broadened into calling for the overthrow of the current Iranian government.
The International crisis group claims the Islamic Republic’s shoot down of the Ukrainian flight carrying Iranians enraged the nation’s nationalist population resulting in the widespread protest.
Iran has experienced many protests including the 2016 Cyrus the Great Revolt, 2017–18 Iranian protests, 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests, and 2019–20 Iranian protests.
In online social media videos posted in the evening of a location near Azadi Square in Tehran, there were sounds of gunshots, pools of blood on the ground, wounded people being carried and security personnel with rifles.
In the video surfacing on the internet, many Tehran university students openly refused to walk over the American and Israeli flags which was the symbol of the country’s foreign policy of anti-Americanism and anti-Zionism since the inception of the Islamic Republic.
On 15 January, students in Isfahan and other Iranian cities held their fifth day of protests, after the government of Ayatollah Khamenei admitted downing the Ukrainian passenger plane.
On 16 January, protesters planned to head to the IRIB headquarters, however, due to a high persistence of the anti-riot police in the entire Valiasr Street which protesters planned to use as their main way to the headquarters, the demonstrations didn't take place.
There was also a high persistence of police in several key points of the capital city of Tehran, to prevent any gatherings to form due to the funerals that took place for those dead in the UA752 flight, nevertheless, lots of people showed up at their funerals mourning for their dead.
this is done by heating tantalum(III) chloride to 305°C, passing the vapour over tantalum foil at 600°, and condensing the trichloride at 365°C.
TaCl(SMe), TaCl(thiane) and TaCl(thiolane) have a double bond between the two tantalum atoms, and two bridging chlorides, and a bridging ligand.
The Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows ecoregion (WWF ID:PA1019) covers a 2,000 km long stretch of grasslands of the isolated Tian Sham mountains of Central Asia.
The ecoregion stretches around the lower altitudes of the Tian Shan mountain ridge, running for approximately 2,000 km from western Kyrgyzstan to eastern Xinjiang Province in China.
It separates the arid Tarim Basin and Taklimakan Desert to the south from the Junggar Basin and Kazakh Shield to the north.
Running up the middle of the ecoregion is the main ridge of the Tian Shan, with some middle altitudes supporting conifer forests in the Tian Shan montane conifer forests ecoregion.
Biodiversity in the ecoregion is relatively high due to the extreme altitude range, supporting different species at different elevation levels, and due to the relatively large size of the ecoregion and its relatively central location between different floristic zones.
Riegel was a graduate of the first class of Bryn Mawr College and would remain associated with the college the rest of her life.
In 1919, Riegel met with James P. Goodrich, Governor of Indiana, to urge him to call a special legislative session to ratify the woman's suffrage amendment.
She later helped organize the Prison Special to raise awareness about the imprisonment of activists and the inhumane treatment they received in jail.
After women won suffrage rights, Riegel continued to fight for expanding rights in Pennsylvania, where she served as the chair of the state NWP.
It is bordered by 29th Avenue on the north, 32nd Avenue on the south, 155th Street on the west, and 159th Street on the east.
Bowne Park was named for New York City mayor Walter Bowne, whose summer residence was located at the site until a fire destroyed it in March 1925.
Its borders are 29th Avenue on the north, 32nd Avenue on the south, 155th Street on the west, and 159th Street on the east.
The park is located in a subsection of Flushing and is variously considered to be in Broadway–Flushing; Murray Hill; North Flushing; or even Bayside, located to the east.
The area immediately surrounding the park is primarily low-density residential: most homes in the region were built in the 20th century to one of several styles, including the Tudor, American colonial, or ranch styles.
The Bowne Park Civic Association, a neighborhood group founded in 1979, is active in advocacy for the park and nearby neighborhoods.
The pond is fed by water from the New York City water supply system, though it was previously fed from a natural spring.
The central section of the park is mostly composed of old-growth forest, mainly oak trees dating to at least the late 19th or early 20th centuries.
On the western side of the play area, NYC Parks maintains a Tudor-style park building that contains restrooms and storage closets.
Walter Bowne, mayor of New York City from 1829 to 1833, built his summer house on the site of the modern-day park in the early 19th century.
However, the Bowne house and the adjacent Bowne Pond remained undeveloped, and the latter was a popular skating area during winters.
The McKnight Realty Company announced the construction of 25 houses in the Bowne Park neighborhood in 1910, and George C. Meyer's Bowne Park Realty Company bought the remaining developed land around the house three years later.
That region remained underdeveloped because the William and Robert Bowne house was still occupied by the Bedells (or Beadles), who moved in 1923.
The National Park Service, in its report for the Broadway-Flushing Historic District, says that the land was bought by the city in 1927, though in real estate advertisements as early as 1923, the land was erroneously described as having been already purchased by the city.
The Works Progress Administration installed a paved path and a concrete shoreline on the pond during the Great Depression in the 1930s.
Free plays were also hosted in the park during 1934 as part of the Actors Project, and the park building was built in 1935.
One such race in 1937 drew 1,500 observers, such as parks commissioner Robert Moses as well as torpedo experts from the U.S. government.
Funds for park renovations were proposed in the New York City governmental budget in the early 1960s but were then dropped.
The first modular playground in New York City was opened within Bowne Park in June 1969 and included large fiberglass cubes.
After a hurricane in 1968 felled over fifty trees in the park, several neighborhood groups approved a $500,000 renovation for Bowne Park in 1970.
However, a restoration was not announced until 1973, when NYC Parks announced $430,000 in repairs, which included replacing the drainage system.
At that time, the park was rundown: the pond was being used as a dump for various objects, including abandoned cars, while vandalism was rampant and much of the northern section was often flooded.
During this restoration, some of Bowne Pond's fish were relocated to Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, while others ended up in the refrigerators of nearby homes.
The project started in April 1994 and included renovating paths, draining and cleaning the pond, and adding, restoring, or replacing landscape features.
In the following years, large accumulations of algal blooms accumulated in Bowne Pond, so in 2002, the state gave a $250,000 grant toward cleaning the pond.
Some of the more notable issues included a bloom of red algae in the pond in August 2012, a flood in the park pavilion in February 2014, and another flood in May 2014 after the pond's drainage stopped working.
Borough officials announced in mid-2014 that they had allotted $2.45 million for renovation of the park's playground and cleanup of the pond.
Work on the playground and basketball court was started in October 2016 as part of a $1.5 million project, and was completed the following August.
The Carnaval de Vejigantes, officially Carnaval de Vejigantes de La Playa de Ponce, is an annual celebration held at Barrio Playa in Ponce, Puerto Rico.
The parade, one of the highlights of the carnival, usually takes off from Cancha Salvador Dijols on Avenida Hostos (PR-123) and ends at Parque Lucy Grillasca (PR-585).
It is attended by people from all over Puerto Rico, and some attendees are from as far as the United States.
This carnival is different from many other carnivals in that attendees are not mere spectators, but people who are encouraged to take part in the carnival.
The Carnival brings together some 1,200 artists, including some 10 music bands, groups of vejigantes with over 40 people each, over 100 masked vejigantes, choreographed dancers, plus the thousands of locals who join in.
Besides music, dance and food, the carnivals also features amusement rides, artisans, cheerleades, jugglers, and arts and crafts, among other attractions.
The first parade started off from the Alfredo Agyayo High School on Avenida Hostos and marched down the street where the Candita y Matías Store was located (Calle Colón, now named Calle José Antonio Salamán).
Some people believe that the origins of the Carnaval Ponceño and the first masked vejigante dance in Ponce took place in Barrio Playa sometime before the 1858 date usually attributed to the start of the Ponce Carnival.
These include a press conference, an informal vejigante run through the streets of Barrio Playa to promote the motto of that year's carnival, and a mini carnival at the casino of the Ponce Hilton Hotel, oriented to the elderly.
Both pre-carnival and carnival events are well staffed by security and law enforcement personnel and, by its 28th edition (2018), no security incidents had occurred.
The traditional vejigante masks of the Ponce Playa Carnival are made of paper mache and are characterized by the presence of multiple horns.
Sophisticated Ponce carnival masks are sought after by mask collectors and masks from Ponce have become a symbol of Puerto Rico at large.
The Grand Marshal of the 2018 edition was the actress and singer Carmen Nydia Velázquez, who was herself born in Barrio Playa.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Figurovsky () (7 December 1923 — 14 June 2003) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter, writer and professor at VGIK.
Nikolai Figurovsky was born in Chukhloma (modern-day Kostroma Oblast of Russia) into a family of a village schoolteacher Nikolai Mikhailovich Figurovsky who came from a long generation of Russian Orthodox priests.
His brother Yuri Figurovsky (1925—2005), a constructor of radiolocation equipment, served as the head of the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design between 1962 and 1969, while his cousin-uncle (1901—1986) was a prominent Soviet chemist and a professor at the MSU Faculty of Chemistry; he also had family ties with the Russian space scientist Anatoli Blagonravov.
During the 1930s his family moved to the Ternovka village of the Central Black Earth Oblast where he finished the secondary school in 1941.
After the war he entered the director's faculty at VGIK, the course led by Igor Savchenko which he finished in 1951.
Between 1953 and 1984 he worked at Mosfilm, Belarusfilm, Uzbekfilm, Gorky and Dovzhenko Film Studios, directing six films and writing 30 screenplays.
For the latter Figurovsky also proposed an idea of an extended six- or seven-part TV version to be released simultaneously, but this was too ahead of its time.
In 1970 Figurovsky also headed the screenwriting workshop at VGIK; among his students were the screenwriter Yuri Arabov and the Russian producer, founder of the CTB FIlm Company Sergey Selyanov.
It is headed by the Apostolic Nuncio, a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See, who represents the interests of the Holy See to Church officials, the government, and civil society in Cape Verde.
The title Apostolic Delegate to Cape Verde is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Senegal; he resides in Dakar.
The second season was filmed during early 2018 but never aired due to legal issues with coach Julión Álvarez who was coach.
The 2019–20 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team represent the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The 49ers, led by 2nd-year head coach Ron Sanchez, play their home games at the Dale F. Halton Arena in Charlotte, North Carolina as members of Conference USA.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
After the Second World War she sold as surplus for C$7,900 to War Assets Corporation (WAC) who then resold her to W. Eric Phillips of Oshawa, ON.
The Nauruan government has a very complex relationship with the United States; the government of Bernard Dowiyogo agreed to stop passport sales and offshore banking in return for an extensive aid package.
However, that aid has not been delivered and Nauru's formal and traditional leaders are now looking to Japan and China for assistance.
[30] Subsequently, the US Department of State, referring to events investigated in 2007, reported criticism of Adeang in its Human Rights Report, issued for 2008.
This criticism was included in the State Department's report, despite the fact that police, having undertaken an investigation of allegations of wrongdoing, made no attempt to prosecute Adeang.
Shortly after Adeang's public pronouncements, a crisis, with himself at the centre, led to the collapse of President of Nauru Ludwig Scotty's government.
He represented Denmark at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 150 metre individual medley SM4 event in 2016.
Two years later at the 2016 European Championships he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 150 metre individual medley SM4 event and the bronze medal in the men's 50 metre backstroke S5 event.
Ahmet Hakan Demirli (born 7 August 2000) is a Turkish football player who plays as a forward for Kasımpaşa in the Süper Lig.
The centre des loisirs Michel-Veillette (English: Michel-Veillette recreational center) is a complex fitted out for sports and other types of leisure activities, which is located at chemin Sainte-Marguerite, in the heart of the borough Pointe-du-Lac, in the city of Trois-Rivières, in Quebec, in Canada.
The construction of this recreation center was announced at a press conference on April 23, 2012 by the authorities of the city of Trois-Rivières.
A colorful work of art by artist Daniel Dutil, personifying three moving characters, was affixed to the facade of the recreation center.
This could have been done by the artist using the chronophotography technique which consists of taking several photos, in order to faithfully represent the movements of the athletes.
As Chair of the Pointe-du-Lac Recreation Committee, Michel Veillette was involved in the construction of the Pavillon des Seigneurs sports complex, located at 10 555 chemin Sainte-Marguerite, with the collaboration of Yvon Picotte, MPP for that time, as well as the development of the sports grounds surrounding this pavilion.
In addition, Michel Veillette was a municipal councilor from 2001 to 2013, representing the district of Pointe-du-Lac in the new city of Trois-Rivières, after the effective municipal amalgamation on January 1, 2002.
He has notably served on the working group on regional development and planning, the urban planning advisory committee, the regional recreation and sports unit, the working group on recreation, sport and community services.
, to the committee on sport and leisure tourism, to the working group on public works, to that of technical services, to the traffic committee as well as to the committee of the Grand Prix of Trois-Rivières.
Michel Veillette received the National Assembly (Quebec) medal on May 30, 2018 by the deputy Marc Plante in the presence of the Premier of Quebec, Philippe Couillard.
Michel Veillette really retired at the end of 2013, that is to say at the end of his third mandate as municipal councilor.
Hussain Asghar is a retired Pakistani police officer who currently serves as Deputy Chairman National Accountability Bureau, in office since April 2019.
Asghar is member of the 15th CTP and is batchmates with Sikandar Sultan Raja, Rizwan Ahmed, Allah Dino Khawaja and Jawad Rafique Malik and retired from active police service in BPS-22 grade (highest attainable rank for a serving officer).
Asghar has previously also served as Inspector General of Police in the Government of Gilgit-Baltistan and as Director in the Federal Investigation Agency.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1984, a master's degree in 1987, and a doctor's degree in 1991, all from Beijing Institute of Technology.
On the same date, a Blu-ray disc of the series was released including the original soundtrack, with both full version and instrumental version of the song.
Though the name of the festival is specific to Tamil Nadu, it is also celebrated in other southern Indian states such as Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka as the festival is significantly popular in South India.
The day of Kaanum Pongal is often acknowledged as the Thiruvalluvar Day in remembrance of the great historic Tamil writer, poet and philosopher Thiruvalluvar who was known for writing the world famous Thirukural.
Kaanum Pongal is the day of relaxation and enjoyment and it implies that people spend their time by arranging family trips, picnics, visiting neighbours and relatives houses.
In the state of Andhra Pradesh, the festival is earmarked and celebrated as Mukkanuma and the auspicious festival is observed in Andhra by worshipping the cattle.
In the state of Tamil Nadu, the day of Kanum Pongal is also referred to as Virgin Pongal or Kanni Pongal, the word Kanni implies virgin/maiden/unmarried girl.
Kaanum Pongal is treated similar to the Raksha Bandhan as women offer special prayers towards the Sun god for the wellbeing of their brothers and as per the customs and traditions, women visit the brothers places.
As it is a sulpha drug, care must be taken during administration, and certain individuals must avoid azabon altogether to prevent an allergic reaction.
Despite being a sulfonamide, azabon has poor antibacterial potency, although this decreased activity is common among other benzenesulfonamides with two substituents on N. Azabon is synthesized from 3-azabicyclo-[2.2.2]nonane, which is itself prepared by pyrolysis of aliphatic diamine.
Çağtay Kurukalıp (born 24 February 2002) is a Turkish football player who plays as a defender for Kasımpaşa in the Süper Lig.
Zhu Guangsheng (; born January 1963) is a Chinese engineer currently working as a researcher at China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and architect at China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.
Faster freight services had been a goal as far back as the end of the Great War, with fast, overnight services between major marshalling yards.
If a wagon load was in the marshalling yard that day, it could have a guaranteed next-day arrival at a similar yard, even travelling the length of the country.
Part of the goal was to reduce marshalling for the railway company, who wished to concentrate freight marshalling at fewer, larger and better equipped marshalling yards.
By the 1950s, there were additional target goals: still a faster freight service to be more attractive than the growing competition from road haulage, but mostly a reduction in operating costs by reducing the manual effort needed in handling freight.
A key part of this was to be containerisation, replacing the network of railway goods sheds and manual loading in and out of vans, by pre-loaded containers from the customer factories loaded onto railway wagons by mechanical cranes.
There would also be a centralisation of freight services: as well as the increasing development of and investment in marshalling yards, as much freight as possible would become block trains, where a single rake of freight wagons shuttled continuously between two large depots, without needing to stop for shunting operations.
Containers were key to this: road haulage would provide local flexibility to move the loads to and from the customer warehouses and the rail operation would concentrate on rapid transfers between a handful of large depots.
The 'container' to be used for this traffic was not the modern familiar stackable or TEU, but a much earlier version, the railway Conflat.
Each Condor train was of 27 four-wheeled Conflats, of a new design with roller bearing axles to allow the fastest running and without the risk of stopping for a 'hot box'.
The Conflats for Condor were heavier at 35.5 tons than earlier examples and were later given their own TOPS code of FC.
The cost of hiring a container in 1962 was £16 or £18, depending on size, and this included road pickup and delivery by British Road Services lorries, inside Greater London or within 10 miles of Glasgow.
The 10 hour long service required a very brief, two minute, stop at , at the change of a crew shift, rather than any limitation of the train.
Pairs were needed as the dieselisation process was still new to Britain and the more powerful Type 4 locomotives were in short supply and in demand for passenger services.
The Type 28 had a relatively high tractive effort for a Type 2 loco, of 50,000 lbf compared to 42,000 lbf for the Sulzer Type 2.
Their 'Red Circle' connection system of multiple working was not widely used on BR, compared to the contemporary 'Blue Star', and few other classes used it; hence the Metro-Vicks were used throughout.
The Condor service was well-suited to the Metro-Vicks, as the night working allowed a relatively constant power output, with little other traffic to cause signals checks.
These wrapped around the corners of the cab, to give a better view to the sides, but the engine's vibration could be enough to make the glass panes fall out of their frames.
When cracking problems with their crankcases became evident after a few years, the locomotives were withdrawn from service and the engines rebuilt by Crossley.
If a locomotive failed, it was replaced by another, and often this would be a Sulzer Type 2 as the Metro-Vicks were only stabled at the ends of the service, not inbetween.
In 1961, the unreliable Metro-Vicks were all withdrawn temporarily for their engines to be refurbished by the makers, , in the hope of avoiding their problems.
When the Class 28s returned, they had also had their distinctive wrap-around windshields replaced with flat glass, which no longer tended to fall out.
The class was redeployed to the , where they worked out the rest of their short careers mostly on passenger services until they were all withdrawn by 1968.
Class 24s were the usual motive power from its introduction on 17 January 1963, when D5082 hauled the Down train and D5083 the up train, until replaced by the first service in 1965.
However these containers would be the newly popular stackable rectangular containers, rather than the older railway standard containers, as used by Condor.
Beeching's plan was for a national network of 55 container depots and by 1968, 17 of these were in operation, including Gushetfauld.
An important one was , who used this to integrate car production across Europe, shipping bodyshells for final assembly across the Channel, by the Dover - Dunkerque train ferry.
The introduction of the new TOPS computer system also allowed all operations to be tracked as registered freight, between all depots.
It was unique in two aspects: the backplate colour was in two colours, and the text was in a 'stencil' typeface, with vertical breaks in each letter.
Though being published with major publishers, Andre was constantly displeased with subjects such as the cover design and overall lack of reader-experience.
As part of the publicity for the novel, Andre wrote personal emails to every single reader who had ever contacted her during the previous five years, amounting to hundreds of personal emails.
Andre went on to complete the entire eight-book series that she initially intended to write, and then branched off to the larger, extended Sullivan family.
Due to her previous experience with traditional publishers, Andre was adamant on retaining the rights for the digital distribution of her novels, as well as the rights for foreign translations.
The 2013 deal was the first of its kind; granting a publisher print-rights to release paperback in the US, Canada, and Australia, while the author retained digital rights and foreign publication rights.
The ancient castle, of which only a single tower remains, dominates the town of Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne to the east, on the right bank of the River Arc.
The castle therefore dominates the town but also an ancient glacial tarn, called Saint-Michel, closed on its downstream side by the glacial remnant of Pas-du-Roc that separates it from Saint-Martin-de-la-Porte, and also closes from the south the access to the valley of Valloirette and the town of Valloire.
Finally, it oversees the route leading to the Tarentaise Valley, through the mountain pass of the Encombres and the mountain towns of Beaune and Thyl.
The local historian, abbot Félix Bernard, advanced the hypothesis that the Pierre called (), cited around 1190, was the aforementioned Pierre, the elder brother of Ismidon II.
The town was the capital of the (an administrative unit made up of multiple parishes) in the Savoyard organisation of Maurienne, whose seat was probably in the fortified house that vaults the lower entrance to the town.
In fact, in November 1309, the young nobleman Jacques Mareschal, son of Jean Mareschal, gave homage to the Count of Savoy for the .
François de Bavoz de Saint-Julien was commander of the castle in 1580, having his brother Jean de Bavoz as a deputy.
In the following year, that sale was canceled by a legal decision, and the duke was granted in compensation the purely honorary title of baron of Saint-Michel.
The family pursued a legal action to recover the jurisdiction up until 1620, in the course of which Pierre Mareschal Duyn de la Val d'Isère gave the castle to his brother, Jean-Balthazard.
Philibert's son was made marquis of Marclaz, but he was usually called, as were his descendants, marquis of Saint-Michel, in reference to his ancestors.
After graduating from Hunan Agricultural University, he taught at there, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1992 and to full professor in 1999.
Type C8 ships were the 8th type of ship designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in the late 1960s.
In the late 1960s, shipbuilding engineer Jerome L. Goldman designed the first LASH ships the Acadia Forest and the Atlantic Forest.
The 11 ships were used by two shipping lines Prudential Grace Line in New York and Pacific Far East Line in San Francisco.
The Lash Lighter Basin at Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco is a protected port that is used by C8-class ships for loading and unloading lighter-barges.
Barges from the Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel, Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel and Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta are taken to Lash Lighter Basin.
It is located west of Calumet along the John F. Kennedy Highway (County Route 47) at its intersection with Brandywine Road (Township Road 244), at .
Federico Zanchetta (born 23 March 2002) is an Italian football player who plays as a midfielder for SPAL in the Serie A.
Formed in Minneapolis in 2009 as the duo of James Brooks and Josh Clancy, Elite Gymnastics self-released several EPs and mixtapes before Clancy's departure in 2012.
Following a 2012 tour as a supporting act for Sleigh Bells, Elite Gymnastics became Brooks' solo project with Clancy parting ways after a reportedly tumultuous experience on the road.
During a four-year period following relocation to Los Angeles, California, Brooks released a series of demos and bootleg remixes on SoundCloud eponymously, but none have been made available for download.
Mount Henderson is a 6,003 ft (1,830 meter) mountain summit located in the Olympic Mountains, in Mason County of Washington state.
The mountain's name honors Louis Forniquet Henderson (1853-1942), a pioneering botanist and mountaineer who accompanied Lieutenant O'Neil on his 1890 expedition into the Olympic Mountains.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Olympic Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall (Orographic lift).
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust.
The Albatross, also known as the Chung Shyang II, is a medium unmanned aerial vehicle made by National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology.
The Chung Shyang II UAV can perform surveillance, reconnaissance, target acquisition, artillery spotting and battle damage assessment sorties for the military and perform other duties such as border patrol, and aerial reconnaissance for various government agencies.
In addition to its military capabilities the Albatross can also be used for civilian applications such as agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry, disaster monitoring, environmental protection, traffic control, target searching, position recognition, coastal patrol, communications relay, and hazardous terrain survey.
CSIST began researching UAVs in 2002, which resulted in the first Chung Shyang I UAV, then later the Chung Shyang II.
For more than two decades, Rosenblum has served in senior United States Government positions managing people and resources, leading negotiations, building consensus, and communicating publicly about United States Government policy toward the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia.
A Russian-speaker, Rosenblum has put together billion-dollar aid packages to stabilize and rebuild countries in crisis, organized and led inter-agency teams in support of counter-terrorism goals, and forged strong diplomatic ties with key United States partners in Central Asia.
Previously, he served as a Senior Program Coordinator for the Free Trade Union Institute, a Legislative Assistant to United States Senator Carl Levin, and a Research Assistant in the House of Lords in London, England.
On June 18, 2018, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Rosenblum to be the next United States Ambassador to Uzbekistan.
He served as the head football coach at his alma mater, Washington & Jefferson College, in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania in 1898, compiling a record of 8–2.
Cengiz Demir (born 18 April 2001) is a Turkish football player who plays as a defender for Antalyaspor in the Süper Lig.
It is the largest undammed waterfall in the state and one of the largest waterfalls in the United States by flow rate.
They see the falls as the centre of the world and a place where tribal members can commune with the spiritual forces that give direction to the tribe and to individual members.
In the early 1800s, David Thompson, a Canadian explorer and employee of the Northwest Company, travelled into the Kootenay River area and used the Kootenay River as a navigational guide through the area following Native Americans and game trails.
The Kootenai Falls Swinging Bridge, known to locals as just the Swinging Bridge, is a simple suspension footbridge that crosses the Kootenay River just downstream of Kootenai Falls.
The bridge was constructed by the US Forest Service in order to facilitate firefighter access to the forested mountains just north of the river.
Shortly thereafter, a new footbridge was built atop a pair of concrete piers in order to overtake the historic flood stage of the river.
Le Tourneau suggested it was most likely built at the end of the 13th century or at the beginning of the 14th century.
Marçais suggested, on the basis of its strong similarity to the Sidi Boumediene Mosque in Tlemcen, that it was built by the same architect and under the same ruler as the latter, thus placing its foundation in the reign of Sultan Abu al-Hasan, between 1331 and 1348.
In any case, the exact origin of the mosque has not been established, but its similarities to other Marinid mosques of the era is clear.
Bünyamin Balcı (born 31 May 2000) is a Turkish football player who plays as a midfielder for Antalyaspor in the Süper Lig.
The New York City school boycott, known as Freedom Day, was a mass boycott and demonstration on February 3, 1964 to protest segregation in the New York City public school system.
Freedom Day was part of a larger effort by New York activists to target the Board of Education through acts of civil disobedience for their failure to implement a reasonable integration plan.
At the time of the boycott, schools that enrolled mostly black and Latino students tended to have inferior facilities, less experienced teachers and severe overcrowding, with some schools operating on split shifts of as little as four hours a day of class time for some students.
Opponents of integration, including a coalition of predominantly white neighborhood groups called Parents and Taxpayers, emphasized the importance of children attending schools closest to their homes and expressed concerns over busing.
Just prior to the boycott, Board of Education released a plan for integrating the schools over three years, including limited rezoning, improving educational quality in schools serving black and Latino students and reducing overcrowding.
The boycott was led by the Reverend Milton Galamison, who organized and chaired the Citywide Committee for Integrated Schools, supported by the NAACP, the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Urban League, the Harlem Parents' Committee, and the Parent's Workshop for Equality.
The committee recruited Bayard Rustin, a prominent activist who directed the successful March on Washington six months earlier, to organize the event.
On Monday, February 3, 1964, about 45 percent of all New York City students at the time stayed out of school in the boycott.
An estimated 464,361 students and teachers participated overall making the event the largest U.S. civil rights demonstration of the 1960s, nearly twice as big as the March on Washington.
An estimated 90,000 to 100,000 boycotting students attended alternative classes in makeshift Freedom Schools in which community educators taught lessons in religious institutions, recreational spaces, and private homes.
Of the city's 43,865 teachers, 3,357 were absent on the day, triple the usual number, despite threats from School Superintendent Bernard Donovan.
New York's newspapers expressed astonishment at the number of predominantly black and Puerto Rican students who participated and by the complete absence of violence or disorder from the demonstrators.
Despite being a significant event in the history of the civil rights movement, the New York City school boycott does not appear prominently in U.S. history textbooks, because it goes against the common narrative that important historical events aimed to combat racism in the United States occurred predominantly in the South.
The 1964 Civil Rights Act, enacted five months after the New York City school boycott, included a loophole that allowed school segregation to continue in major northern cities including New York City, Boston, Chicago and Detroit.
He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Gandhinagar, Gujarat as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Mikail Başar (born 20 June 2001) is a Turkish football player who plays as a midfielder for Antalyaspor in the Süper Lig.
DeWitt Richard Searles (born 7 August 1920) is a retired major general in the United States Air Force who served as Deputy Inspector General of the Air Force from 1972 to 1974.
Igor Zygmunt Tuleya (Łódź, 24 August 1970) is a Polish lawyer, judge at the district court of Warsaw and former spokesperson for this court.
He's known for his criticism on government prosecutorial practices and his protests against judicial reforms, which he sees as a threat to the independence of the Polish judiciary.
In 2010 he was, after a judicial career of 14 years, appointed to the bench of the district court in Warsaw.
In 2012 he was also spokesperson of the court, a position that would be taken away as a result of his justification on the verdict in the Mirosław Garlicki case.
On January 4, 2013, he convicted the physician Mirosław Garlicki to a year inprisonment, two years suspension and a fine because he accepted a bribe of 17,500 zloty.
According to Tuleya, Garlicki was depicted as the personification of immoral behavior by physicians, and the post communist elite in general.
The judge compared the behavior of the services with that of the Stalinist regime with threats, nocturnal interrogations and unjustified detention.
Tuleya asked, like some other judges, the European Court of Justice to answer a prejudicial question on whether the new laws that were supposed to reform the Polish judicial system, were in accordance with European norms around judicial independence.
In September 2018, the disciplinary ombudsman asked him and two other judges to clarify their participation in television programs and the criticism that they stated.
William Wayne Snavely (born 5 April 1920) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for systems and logistics of the United States Air Force from 1973 to 1975.
This work is a two volume book about his grandparents, Lutheran missionaries Carl and Frieda Strehlow who served for many years at Hermannsburg Mission in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Strehlow received his early education from Adelaide Boys' High School from 1958 - 1963 and while at school he studied piano, clarinet and, later, the organ.
Strehlow studied Classics at the University of Adelaide from 1964 - 1966 before changing to Modern European and Asian History in 1967 from which he graduated with honours in 1969; his thesis analysed Mahatma Gandhi’s use of tradition to further the Indian independence movement.
In these university years Strehlow also reviewed theatre and film and, from 1968 until graduation, ran the student film society there.
Following graduation Strehlow spent 6 months in India, staying mostly in Calcutta and spent short periods in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.
From 1970 - 1972 Strehlow taught drama in South Australia and during this period he met and established relationships with many Pitjantjatjara people and groups from the Flinders Ranges.
It is because of this that Strehlow decided to learn the Pitjantjatjara dialect and undertook a course at the University of Adelaide, under the Reverend Bill Edwards.
In 1975 Strehlow left Alice Springs after receiving a grant from the Australian Schools Commission to tour theatre and run workshops in all NT towns, as well as 12 Aboriginal settlements, performing to all age groups under a wide range of conditions for 6 months.
A big part of Strehlow doing this was to try and understand the predicament of Central Australia and the plight of the Aboriginal peoples living in the communities round Alice Springs; which so many of his family had devoted their lives to doing.
In 1976, inspired, Strehlow returned to Adelaide where he established a theatre company which would travel the world and perform to more than 300 theatres in the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy.
In addition to writing play Strehlow has also written for newspapers and magazines, given interviews for radio and television and acted as an adviser for numerous cultural institutions holding materials relating to Aboriginal Australians.In 2000 he contributed to Mr Strehlow's Films (directed by Hart Cohen) based around the work of his father Ted Strehlow.
In the 1990s Strehlow became increasingly curious about the lives of his grandparents, Carl and Frieda Strehlow after discovering the existence of Frieda's diaries, written in old script German, in Berlin and the realisation that this personal record of her life in Hermannsburg, from 1897 and 1908 which revealed previously unknown details of their lives their and happenings in the community and more generally around Central Australia.
Strehlow began work on what would become a two volume set in 1994 and the final volume was published, in two parts, in 2019; the launch was held at The Residency in Alice Springs on 17 December 2019.
Research for this work took Strehlow to more than 50 archives in the UK, Germany and Australia and rests not only on Freida's diaries but other untapped sources only published in German (which Strehlow learnt for this purpose).
The ultimate result includes a detailed record of day-to-day life at Hermannsburg, the forming of stations in the area, the survival of the Arrernte and Luritja people in the area and the pressure the missionaries faced.
Written by Rose Colindres and Arah Jell Badayos and directed by Raz de la Torre, it aired on ABS-CBN in the Philippines on February 6, 2016.
The episode aired three days before the start of the campaign period for the 2016 Philippine presidential election, in which Leni Robredo was a candidate for the vice presidency.
He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1929 and a master's degree in 1930.
He began his career as an architect of the city of St. Louis in 1932, designing civic structures including police stations and bus shelters.
In 1954, that firm was succeeded by Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum which became the modern firm HOK, which was, in 2018, the largest U.S.-based architecture-engineering firm.
Christopher Lyddy (born April 8, 1983) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 106th district from 2009 to 2013.
The album is dedicated to American rapper Juice Wrld, who died from an accidental drug overdose on December 8, 2019, and Eminem's former bodyguard CeeAaqil Allah Barnes who also died.
Eminem's third verse on the track holds the record for the fastest verse on a charted rap song, rapping 10.65 syllables per second.
Eminem became the first artist to have ten consecutive albums debut at number one in the US and one of six artists to have released at least ten number-one albums.
The 2019 WTA Awards are a series of awards given by the Women's Tennis Association to players who have achieved something remarkable during the 2019 WTA Tour.
Manuel Candelaria Bautista (July 25, 1946 - September 2, 1976) was a Filipino student leader, campus journalist, and activist best known for his contributions as a student leader at the University of the Philippines Los Baños during the Martial Law dicatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.
He finished his elementary school studies at Pura V. Kalaw Elementary School in Project 4, Quezon City, and went to high school at the University of the Philippines High School, in Diliman, Quezon City.
He enrolled in a bachelor's degree course in Economics at the University of the Philippines College of Agriculture (UPCA), which would eventually become the University of the Philippines Los Baños.
Active in campus politics, he was first elected to the student council of the UPCA, and later as a representative to the University of the Philippines student council.
As student councilor at the UPCA, he helped spearhead the establishment of the Textbook Exchange and Rental Center (TERC), an institution which continues to serve the UPLB student body to this day.
As representative to the UP student council, he was one of several student whistleblowers who published an exposé in the Philippine Collegian, forcing the UP College of Forestry to back out of a 1969 project with a foreign chemical company involving the testing Agent Orange, a defoliant used by US Forces in the Vietnam War.
Bautista was in his senior year when Marcos first suspended the writ of habeas corpus in 1971 - a landmark event which led to the radicalization of many students against Marcos, and a precursor to the declaration of Martial Law a year later.
In protest, Bautista became one of many students who left the university in protest, and joined the underground movement against the Marcos regime.
This task became increasingly difficult after Marcos imposed martial law in 1972, with Bautista having to hide their editorial office and sources of materials, as well as ensuring safe and effective distribution of the newspapers.
In September 1976, Bautista was killed at age 30 after he and a number of associates from the underground had an encounter with Marcos forces in Tagkawayan, Quezon.
In 2001, Bautista was honored by having his name engraved on the wall of remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors martyrs and heroes from all political leanings and walks of life, as long as they fought against the Marcos dictatorship.
It debuted at number one in Finland and on both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart, becoming Eminem's tenth and eighth number-one single in the UK and Ireland, respectively, as well as the first for Juice Wrld posthumously and in total in both countries.
American rapper Juice Wrld's feature on the track marked his first posthumous release following his fatal seizure resulting from a drug overdose on December 8, 2019.
During the first two verses it shows alternately Eminem in a dark place wearing a hoodie and a hooded person in a hotel room, surrounded by alcohol and ammo.
At the beginning of the third verse the person takes off the hood and turns out to be the Las Vegas shooter, opening fire on the concert-goers from the hotel window.
A center in Las Vegas which provides resources to those who were affected by the attack was contacted by local victims who were disturbed by the video and advised others who felt victimized to seek assistance.
The Siargao Sports Complex is a complex of sport facilities located at the town of Dapa, Surigao del Norte at the island of Siargao.
The 6.3-hectare complex is one of the venues for the future games such as Division and Regional meets in Caraga, and Palarong Pambansa.
In November 2016, Surigao del Norte Governor Sol Matugas announced that 1.2 billion pesos had been allocated to improve infrastructure in the Region.
Emil R. Bedard (born 3 December 1943) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies and Operations.
Dennis Joseph Murphy (born 8 January 1932) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Commander of the 2nd Marine Division from 1984 until his retirement in 1987.
After an initial period of support from the Russian community in Brooklyn (a period which Beck has credited as formative in her positive views of community and sharing), the family moved to Livingston, New Jersey.
From her late teens, Beck worked as a model and actress, with her roles including and the Hulu-produced TV mini-series Strictly Sexual.
In her early twenties, growing disaffected with the lack of control over her career that she felt as an actress and model, Beck taught herself how to operate a camera and to edit video.
In 2012, recognizing the lack of available, short-term housing for freelancers and transitioners, Beck co-founded co-living company PodShare with her father.
The company opened its first location in Hollywood, Los Angeles, and has since added locations in Los Feliz, Arts District, Venice Beach and Westwood in that city.
Beck serves as President of the Central Hollywood Neighborhood Council, and is an advocate for the unsheltered homeless of Los Angeles.
William Morgan Keys (born 29 March 1937) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Commander, Marine Corps Forces Atlantic.
Debbie Ann Butterworth, & Bar is the most senior sailor of the Royal Australian Navy, having been appointed Warrant Officer of the Navy in November 2019.
Promoted to warrant officer in July 2007, Butterworth returned to Western Australia to take up the role of Logistic Services Manager in Joint Logistic Unit (West).
Butterworth left logistics roles after being awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia for meritorious service to the Royal Australian Navy in the field of logistics management in 2012.
In July 2017 Butterworth was appointed to the role of Command Warrant Officer Training Force until July 2019 when she guided a team to create the Mariner Development Program, to continue to develop mariners and warfighters while undertaking specialist employment training.
Orlo K. Steele (born 28 October 1932) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps whose assignments included Inspector General of the Marine Force and Commander of the 2nd Marine Division.
Norman H. Smith (born 28 March 1933) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Reserve Affairs from 1989 to 1991.
He is a longtime mayor of Loznica and has served three terms in the National Assembly of Serbia as a member of G17 Plus and the United Regions of Serbia.
Petrović was born in Lešnica, a village in the municipality of Loznica, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
He graduated from the Belgrade Military Academy, worked in the ministry of the interior for sixteen years, and oversaw the first cohort of graduates from the Belgrade Police Academy.
Petrović was elected as mayor of Loznica via a direct vote in the 2004 municipal elections and was returned to the position via indirect election (i.e., by a vote of the city assembly) in 2008, 2012 and 2016.
Petrović also served in the Chamber of the Local Authorities in the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe from 2004 to 2011, initially as a delegate for Serbia and Montenegro and subsequently for Serbia after Montenegro's declaration of independence in 2006.
In November 2006, Petrović and United States ambassador of Serbia Michael C. Polt inaugurated a Local Economic Development office in Loznica, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
In June 2010, he joined with Serbian economy minister Mlađan Dinkić to announce that the Italian clothing company Golden Lady would construct a factory in Loznica.
Petrović and Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić announced in 2018 that the Chinese car parts company Minth would invest in a factory in the city.
He subsequently promoted investment in the electric vehicle sector in Loznica in 2019, noting the presence Rio Tinto's Jadar mine in the municipality as an incentive.
Petrović appeared on the electoral list of G17 Plus in the 2003 Serbian parliamentary election, receiving the 172nd position out of 250 on a list that was mostly alphabetical.
(From 2000 to 2011, parliamentary mandates were assigned at the discretion of the successful parties, and it was common practice for mandates to be awarded out of numerical order.
G17 Plus participated in Serbia's coalition government after the election, and Petrović served in the ministry of finance in March to October 2004.
G17 Plus participated in the Democratic Party's For a European Serbia coalition, which emerged as the largest group in the assembly with 102 out of 250 seats.
After extended negotiations, For a European Serbia formed a new coalition government with the Socialist Party of Serbia and other parties, and Petrović again served as a supporter of the ministry.
Following the 2011 reforms, he could not hold a dual mandate as mayor and member of the assembly, and he resigned his mandate on 29 August 2012.
Petrović was promoted to the fourth position on the URS's list for the 2014 election, but the list did not cross the electoral threshold to win representation in the assembly.
The 1900 Island is a Welsh television series made for BBC Wales and first broadcast on BBC One Wales, with a subsequent UK wide broadcast on BBC Two from 10 June 2019.
The series was filmed on the island of Llanddwyn, Anglesey, Wales, recreating the life of a fishing village at the turn of the 20th-century.
The families live in a row of original pilots' cottages on Llanddwyn, taking on the traditional male and female roles and using the original facilities and technology of the times.
The men go out to sea to catch fish (when weather permits) while the women stay on the island to look after the children and manage their homes.
In Episode 1, the men are unable to fish because of several days of stormy weather and Clive, suffering from gout, is unable to work at all.
The men are finally able to spend their first day at sea, they return home and Clive uses his skills to gut and prepare some dogfish to eat.
The Davies family are facing hunger trying to feed their large family, so Lydia organises a charity food hamper from the other villagers.
The women gut and prepare the large catch of fish from the men's fishing trip, but prices have fallen and they make much less than they hoped.
Ruby is taught how to use a sewing machine, though is unhappy about her lack of prospects as a young woman.
The series is filmed mostly on the 0.3 km (0.12 sq mi) tidal island of Llanddwyn on the rugged coastline of southwest Anglesey.
The production company, Wildflame Productions, set out to make an observational documentary of events as they naturally developed, rather than set up pre-planned stories.
In October 2019, participant Natalie Davies published a children's book called called 'Mickey the Fisherman - Pollution' based on Welsh fisherman Mickey Beechey and her experiences on the island.
Robert R. Blackman Jr. (born June 27, 1948) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of United States Marine Corps Forces Command.
Stephen T. Johnson (born 1950) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of the 2nd Marine Division during the Iraq War.
Michael J. Byron (born 1 October 1941) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 1998 to 2001.
The Chemin de Fer du Val de Passey is a long heritage railway with gauge near Choloy-Ménillot southwest of Toul in France.
The narrow-gauge railway was constructed by the banker Jaques Maginot (born 19 August 1927; died 24 September 1998) on his private property and has been operated by a foundation as a museum railway on 5-6 running days per year since his death.
In order to be able to operate two locomotives at the same time on open days, the track was extended to about 800 meters.
The long narrow-gauge railway line leads from a 3-track locomotive shed and the adjacent 2-track coach remise along Rue du Val de Passey to the double-track station at the visitors' car park.
From the station, the route follows a sloping track into and through the forest to the double-tracked terminal station where the line ends.
The tracks have a weight per metre of 12 kg/m in the stations and 18 kg/m on the line in between.
It was used by the French army during the World War I and in the post-war period until June 1965 at the Toury sugar mill in Eure-et-Loir.
From there it was sold to the owner of a château in Quinéville (Manche) called Touquet, who kept it in the open air in the château's garden.
When Jaques Maginot bought it in 1978, it was in good condition but needed a new boiler, which Jaques Maginot rebuilt himself with the help of a professional boiler-maker.
The locomotive was taken out of service after Whitsun 2013, as it needed new boiler tubes after 30 years of operation.
The locomotive was used by Ecausse d'Enghien in Belgium in the 1930s and was stored by an entrepreneur in Nivelles in 1966.
The 0.9 tonne cabless locomotive of the HDD type with works number 302 from 1952 has an 8 hp Bernard W112 combustion engine.
It originates from a sand quarry near Sierck-les-Bains ([[Moselle]) and was put back into service in 1989 by a member of the Foundation.
Charles Paddock Otstott (born 2 June 1937) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 1990 to 1992.
Norman Wilson Ray (born 25 June 1942) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy who served Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 1992 to 1995.
Reginald Summerhayes (1897–1965) was an Western Australian architect, Military Cross recipient, and president of the Royal Institute of Architects of Western Australia.
Summerhayes designed a range of Perth 20th century landmarks, including the Perth Dental Hospital, Lake Karrinyup Country Club, the Colonial Mutual Insurance building in St Georges Terrace, and the bell tower of Loreto Convent, Claremont – relocated to William Street in 1992.
Summerhayes graduated from Scotch College in 1913 as dux, and won an exhibition, for Ancient Greek and Latin, to the University of Western Australia (UWA).
Unable to join the Australian forces due to his age, he travelled by ship to the United Kingdom, where he joined the Royal Engineers in March 1916.
After the war, Summerhayes returned to his studies at UWA in 1920, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in April 1921.
Summerhayes returned to Perth in 1924 or 1926, joining his father's architectural firm at the elder Summerhayes' suggestion, where they mainly designed residential buildings.
His father Edwin retired in 1934, and as the 1930s depression ended, Summerhayes took on more commercial and public sector works.
Summerhayes became involved with the Royal Institute of Architects of Western Australia (RIAWA), first as secretary from 1931–1934, and later as president, elected March 1937.
Summerhayes returned to the military for World War Two, in a non-active service role as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Australian Army.
That same year, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, in honour of his service to Western Australian architecture.
In the mid-1930s he worked on buildings included the Physics and Chemistry Science Building at UWA, opened in 1935; new council chambers for the Town of Claremont, whose earlier chambers were built by his father; and in a supervisory role, the 1936 Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Building (on the corner of St Georges Terrace and Sherwood Court), and it's 1937 11-storey companion building, Lawson Flats on Sherwood Court.
By 1937, Summerhayes had been successful in various architectural competitions, including a flats and professional chambers for UWA, Wagin's town hall, Perth Dental Hospital, Lake Karrinyup Country Club, and in conjunction with sculpture Edward Kohler, an equestrian statue of King George V for Brisbane Town Hall.
He designed church buildings in a Romanesque style, for the new buildings at Loreto College Swanbourne at Claremont in 1937, All Hallows' Church in Inglewood in 1938, and St Joseph's Catholic Church in Manjimup built 1953–55.
Summerhayes also designed multiple hotels built in 1940, including Highway Hotel in Claremont, the Civic Hotel in Inglewood, and the Swanbourne Hotel.
Various buildings designed by Summerhayes have been demolished, but one of his prominent works – the bell tower of Loreto Convent, Claremont – was relocated to William Street in 1992.
The rebuilding and restoration project was performed by the Holmes à Court family company, Heytesbury Holdings, supervised by Summerhayes's son Geoffrey.
Malcolm Irving Fages (born 1946) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy who served Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 2001 to 2004.
In response NCSIST introduced an improved model with enhanced thrust, greater-range, more payloads, an enhanced flight control system, and a triple-backup power system.
NCSIST has announced that the improved the version of the Teng Yun would commence testing in Jan. 2020 with combat testing to be conducted in 2021.
Harley Arnold Hughes (born 5 October 1935) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as Deputy Chief of Staff plans and operations of the United States Air Force from 1985 to 1988.
The company has produced content for traditional networks such as Fox, Starz, and Showtime, as well as online streaming services such as Netflix, YouTube Premium, and Quibi.
Boardwalk Pictures later produced Back of the Shop, an unscripted sports commentary series, which first aired on Fox Sports 1 in 2014.
The short film, which followed a fish from being caught on a boat to being prepared and served in a restaurant, was filmed over two days.
In order to handle the increasing production requirements of their documentary series', Boardwalk Pictures began making new partnerships and collaborating more closely with other media companies in 2018.
In October 2018, Boardwalk Pictures and Cricket Lane announced that they were working with Key Code Media, so that they could use the latter's post-production facilities.
Later that year, Deadline reported that Christopher G. Cowen and Boardwalk Pictures were launching Station 10 Media, a television, feature documentary and branded content company, as a joint venture.
On October 16, 2018 it was announced that Boardwalk Pictures would be producing Lena Waithe's unscripted series You Ain't Got These for Quibi.
The company produced the 2020 docuseries Cheer which documented the lives of the Navarro College Bulldogs Cheer Team from Corsicana, Texas.
Boardwalk Pictures produced Best Shot, a 2018 documentary web television series, in association with SpringHill Entertainment and Blue Ribbon Content for YouTube Premium.
Rascovsky was instrumental in establishing Buenos Aires as an important center for psychoanalysis in Latin America and made significant contribution to the analysis of filicide.
Koxtag (Kuoshitage, Qoshtagh, Kuoshi Tage, K'o-shih-t'a-ko; / , formerly / ) is a town in Pishan/Guma County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
She is noted for her work that transliterates multilingual text into braille script and speech in the field of computer science and information technology.
A post graduate from Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, she did her masters in computer application from Shrimad Rajchandra Institute of Management & Computer Application, Bardoli, Gujarat, India and Ph.D. in Computer Science & Information Technology on Design and Development of the Model to Transliterate digitalized Multilingual Text into Braille and Speech : An Aid for Visually Impaired People from Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Gujarat.
As a researcher, Dr. Nikisha's main contribution is the development of the model related to the transliteration of Gujarati, Hindi and English language text into Braille and Speech which will be useful to Blind People.
Dr. Nikisha has also handled research project which was recognized by GUJCOST (The Gujarat Council on Science and Technology) and awarded the grant.
As passionate about helping people of the society and love for the technology, Dr. Nikisha has been working for more than six years on the model related to the computerization of the transliteration of Gujarati, Hindi and English language text into Braille and has been a pioneer in developing the solution for it.
For the first of its kind, the model will transliterates multilingual documents that are present on the internet such as documents related to science, mathematics, sports, story, educational literature.
The model will break the language and technology barrier for visually impaired students and help in their education and blind people will able to gather knowledge as sighted people.
The 70th American Cinema Editors Eddie Awards was presented on January 17, 2020, at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, honoring the best editors in films and television.
In the spring of 1940 Canada's Naval Staff realized that the RCN needed more vessels equipped with ASDIC sets for anti-submarine patrols in the St. Lawrence River and Pacific Coast.
By the end of 1940 with the first British Fairmile B motor launches completed, performance figures and a complete set of drawings and specifications were sent to Canada.
Although unimpressed with the trial results that showed that the Fairmile B was not quite maneuverable at slow speeds required for the ASDIC to work correctly, the need for more anti-submarine vessels was so great that the Naval Staff proceeded with the program.
As such, only thirteen Fairmiles built in the Great Lakes region were delivered in 1941, with only nine successfully arriving in Halifax and four laid up at Sarnia and Toronto due to winter storms.
Once in Halifax, only four of the Fairmiles could be kept operational due to a general shortage of naval personnel and all other available crews being prioritized to corvettes and minesweepers.
In July 1941 the Naval Staff let out another contract for twelve MLs in order to help provide for the defence of Newfoundland and adjacent waters.
Intended for anti-submarine patrols at St. John's, Botwood, and at Red Bay on the Strait of Belle Isle, continuing material shortages delayed the commissioning of these vessels to May and June 1942.
Originally designated and painted up as CML (coastal motor launch) 01-36, the Canadian Fairmile B was built of double mahogany wood with an eight-inch oak keel.
Based on a line of destroyer hulls, they arrived in prefabricated kits, ready to be assembled for the RCN by a number of different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmile was narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
A unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
During the Second World War the Canadian Fairmile B of the RCN played a vital role escorting shipping along the St. Lawrence River, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and between Newfoundland and the mainland of Canada.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 2,620 out of 1,422 are males and 1,198 are females.
Ross S. Plasterer (born 1935) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing.
The Spain team of José María Cañizares and Manuel Piñero won by three strokes over the United States team of Bobby Clampett and Bob Gilder.
Charles H. Pitman (born 20 October 1935) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Aviation.
Swachhta ke sur is a musical program in which people are made aware of Swachh Bharat by conducting live musical concerts through Bollywood singers.
The program started on 12 January 2020 from Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh in which Bollywood singer Payal Dev and Rishiking gave a presentation.
There are two stages of Swachhta Ke Sur, first is the state level singing competition and the second is to provide the stage to the winning competitions with the Bollywood singers in the cities.
Young people participate in this show and are judged on the basis of their voice quality, singing talent and versatility in their performance.
In 19 January 2020, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh Government Minister Public Relations P. C. Sharma, old cabinet Minister Suresh Pachouri, Urban Administration and Development, Madhya Pradesh Commissioner P Narahari IAS and Bhopal Municipal Corporation Commissioner vijay dutta joined Singer Shaan's program and together they also honored the new talent winner Singer Mohammad Salman who came out of the audition for Swachhta Ke Sur.
Walter Thomas Conner (1877-1952) was a prominent Baptist theologian and educator on the faculty of the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary at Fort Worth, Texas, from 1910 to 1949.
He based his theological systems on those of his teachers, Benajah Harvey Carroll of Baylor University, Augustus Hopkins Strong at Rochester Theological Seminary, and Edgar Young Mullins, of Louisville.
Once completed, it will be the city's first rapid transit line and the first monorail system to be built outside Metro Manila.
The monorail line has been proposed in the 2010s to resolve the issue of worsening traffic in the city in the recent years.
The line will be long and will begin near the intersection of Pan-Philippine Highway and Davao–Cotabato Road (known locally as MacArthur Highway).
It will also pass through a number of roads in the area before aligning with J.P. Laurel Avenue until it ends near SM Lanang Premier.
The western terminus, Bangkal, will have a bus connection to the Mintal railway station of the Mindanao Railway's Davao City–Digos section.
The 2005–06 Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team that competed in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Wilhelm Maximilian Carpelan (7 January 1787, Taivassalo - 19 May 1830, Stockholm) was a Finnish-Swedish military officer, draftsman, surveyor and cartographer.
Together with Johannes Flintoe and , he was one of the first to survey and describe the interior of Norway; notably Telemark.
When Sweden was forced to cede Finland to Russia in 1809, he remained in the Swedish Army; participating in the construction of the Göta Canal and the Siege of Fredriksten.
In 1826, he was given the task of organizing and leading the Engineering Corps' map engraving division; making enlargements of older maps of Norway and Sweden.
He travelled throughout the interior regions in the company of Christopher Hansteen, making altitude measurements with the help of a barometer.
Body is an album by Australian improvised music trio The Necks first released on the Fish of Milk label in 2018 in Australia and on the Northern Spy label in the US.
This nearly 57-minute piece is held together by drummer Tony Buck’s right arm, which taps out ride-cymbal eighth notes while the band ebbs and flows, builds and collapses, churns and soars.
Line 4 station was opened on 19 July 2006 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Capuchinos and Zona Rental.
The FIS Ski Tour 2020 is the cross-country skiing competition held as a part of the 2019–20 FIS Cross-Country World Cup.
The tour will begin in Östersund, Sweden on 15 February 2020 and will conclude with the pursuit stage in Trondheim, Norway, on 23 February 2020.
In the sprint stages, thirty skiers are awarded with bonus seconds from 60 seconds for the winners, while on mass start stage the first ten skiers past the intermediate point receive from 15 seconds to 1 seconds.
This is calculated using the finishing times of the best two skiers of both genders per team on each stage; the leading team is the team with the lowest cumulative time.
The overall winners of the Ski Tour will receive CHF 47,000, with the second and third placed skiers getting CHF 33,840 and CHF 23,500 respectively.
The holders of the overall will benefit on each stage they lead; the final winners of the points standings will be given CHF 6,000.
CHF 3,000 will be given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places 2 and 3.
The table shows the number of 2019/2020 FIS Cross-Country World Cup points won in the Ski Tour 2020 for men and women.
The first cabinet of Olof Palme was the cabinet and government of Sweden from 14 October 1969 to 8 October 1976.
During this period, a wave of major strikes broke out and the IB affair, a covert domestic espionage program perpetrated by the state was uncovered.
The Norrmalmstorg robbery and subsequent hostage situation took place in 1973, and two years later the West German Embassy siege occurred.
He was part of UTA's team that in the 1970–1971 European Cup season eliminated Feyenoord who were European champions at that time.
On 16 October 1971 while playing for UTA Arad in a match against Argeș Pitești he became the first footballer to reach 300 appearances in the Romanian top-league Divizia A.
In 2018 in order to celebrate 60 years since the winning of the 1957–1958 Cupa României, the Politehnica University of Timișoara awarded Lereter a diploma of excellence.
Lereter played one game at international level for Romania in a 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification match which ended with a 3–1 loss against Czechoslovakia.
In 1987, Peroni decided to close its brewery in Taranto and transfer production to Bari, putting an end to an important chapter of the city's industrial history.
It instantly become a hit with fans since its first appearance in the 1998 Vuelta a España - a stage won by tragic climber Chava Jiménez.
The climb beginning just south of Castalla is undoubtedly the star side of Xorret de Catí, with consistently steep gradients - at times in excess of 20% - testing even the strongest of climbers.
in 2020 few companies develop software to control circuit breaker analyzers from different devices such as computers, tablet computer, smartphones and others.
After finishing the test of the breaker, the system measures currents, voltages and other main parameters of the breaker and through a set algorithm diagnoses the condition of the device under different conditions.
The final result of the analysis give information about trip times, essential synchronism of the poles in the different operations of the circuit breaker..
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 460 out of 233 are males and 227 are females.
The African Urban Institute Press publishes books and journals from the institute's own research as well as publishing work from other authors.
In 2018 the African Urban Institute established the African Urban Case Studies Initiative, an online repository of urban development case studies across Africa which seek to promote intra-continental policy transfer on urban development.
African Urban Institute also converne a biennial Timbuktu Forum on Urban Development, a high-level forum that brings various urban development stakeholders to discuss urban development issues in Africa.
Named after the ancient Malian city, Timbuktu, the Timbuktu Fellowship is awarded to early career urban development practitioners as fellows and to senior practitioners as senior fellows.
The girls' doubles luge at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 18 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
Zhang Yong (; born March 1956) is a Chinese agronomist who is a professor and doctoral supervisor at Northwest A&F University.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1982, a master's degree in 1984, and a doctor's degree in 1990, all from Northwest Agricultural University (now Northwest A&F University).
The theme of the film is based on the challenges and issues confronted by women in the society due to social media.
The first look poster of the film was unveiled in November 2019 and the official trailer was unveiled on 25 November 2019.
The critics speculated that the film was loosely based on the Pollachi sex assault case but the lead actress denied that the storyline of the film was not based on that and further mentioned nearly half of the film was completed by that time.
Yeung is a graduate of fine arts at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and a holder of a master's degree in visual arts from the Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU).
She first stepped in politics when she joined the failed campaign of local artist Chow Chun-fai in the 2012 Legislative Council election in Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication functional constituency.
During the 2014 Hong Kong protests, she called for the setting up of the Umbrella Movement Visual Archive to gather art installations, photographs and other artworks related to the movement, hoping to preserve them for history.
After the protests, Yeung and other volunteers from the Visual Archive, formed a community platform, Good Day Wanchai, to encourage civic-mindedness and a sense of community in Wan Chai District.
In the 2019 District Council election, she initiated a group of fresh faces called Kickstart Wan Chai running in the Wan Chai District Council.
The Minister of Defence of the Republic of Sudan is the government minister responsible for the Ministry of Defence and the Sudanese Armed Forces.
Khalid Hassan Abbas was appointed as Minister of Defense on 29 October 1969 following a cabinet reshuffle implemented to strengthen the army's control over the Sudanese government.
As Defense Minister he, alongside Babiker, would push President Nimeiri to adopt a more aggressive response to the rising threat to the government posed by the Ansar movement, resulting in the brutal crackdown seen on Aba Island in 1970.
Two days after the signing of the peace agreement between Ahmed al-Mirghani and John Garang on 16 November 1988, a Sudanese Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules carrying Defence Minister General Abdul Majid Hamid Khalil (known in the Sudan as Abdul Majid) from Wau to Khartoum, together with the Army Commander-in-Chief, General Fathi Ahmed Ali, was hit by a missile, knocking out one of its engines.
In January 1982 President Nimeiri again assumed the office himself after retiring Abdul Majid, who had been simultaneously First Vice President, Minister of Defence, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and secretary-general of the single ruling Sudan Socialist Union (SSU) party.
Nimeiri had served himself as Minister of Defence for long stretches in 1972-73 (promoted himself General in 1973), 1975-76, and 1978-79 after retiring other ministers.
After the overthrow of General Ibrahim Abboud's regime in October 1964, Lieutenant General El Khawad Mohmamed was appointed as a member of the ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces.
Since the accession of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan after the fall of Omar al-Bashir in 2019, the position is now technically vacant.
Zhang Jiabao (; born September 1957) is a Chinese soil scientist who is a researcher at the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After completing his master's degree at the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, he attended the University of the Philippines where he obtained his doctor's degree in soil physics in 1990.
The Tian Shan foothill arid steppe ecoregion (WWF ID:PA0818) covers the northern and western approaches to the Tian Shan mountains, centered on Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan.
This region receives more moisture from Central Asia, thereby supporting more vegetation and diversity of plant and animal species than the deserts to the south.
The ecoregion stretches around the lower altitudes of the Tian Shan mountain ridge, running for approximately 1,000 km from western Kyrgyzstan to a small section inside the western reaches of Xinjiang Province in China.
The western areas of the ecoregion, and the closer areas to the main ridge, are warmer, particularly in the summer, with high temperatures above 32 degrees C in July.
The semi-desert of the lower foothills feature Fescue (Festuca) and feather grass (Stipa), with sagebrush and similar shrubs (genus Artemisia), and salt-tolerant tamarisk (Tamarix).
Maxonia is a genus of ferns in the fern family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Brother of the painter and set designer Santiago Pericot i Canaleta and son of the teacher Maria Canaleta i Abellà, he studied at the Normal School of Barcelona and at the Faculty of Letters and at the School of Fine Arts in Toulouse (France).
In 1968, again in Barcelona, he was appointed director of the Elisava design school (a position he would hold until 1980), where he began a long research on visual communication that culminated in a thesis dedicated to this specialty.
In 1972 he represents Spain at the 36th Venice Biennale, opportunity that opens a door for him in the international art field.
Later on, he became professor of audiovisual communication at Pompeu Fabra University (1991-2001), where he is subsequently appointed vice-chancellor, and later professor emeritus.
In addition, he is a full member of the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi, member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungría in Seville and the Gold Medal of Cultural Merit of the City of Barcelona.
His plastic work tries to go beyond pure optical and kinetic research to get an analysis of perceptual laws and their communicative value.
Through form and color, emptiness and light, it produces various three-dimensional constructions subject to the laws of permutation, variation and repetition.
Currently, his work is represented in the contemporary art museums of Madrid, Ottawa, Seville, Iowa, Ibiza, Helsinki and Santiago de Chile, among others.
Yao Bin (; born October 1967) is a Chinese agronomist who is a researcher and vice-president of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
After completing his master's degree in phytopathology at China Agricultural University, he attended Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences where he obtained his doctor's degree in molecular biology in 1994.
Astrid Lindgren wrote once that a grown-up reader, including herself, certainly believes that Mattias and Anna die because of the cold winter before they are able to reach their Sunnanäng.
They know that Mattias and Anna are closing the gate that separates the cold and darkness of the winter forest from the eternal spring of Sunnanäng.
On the other hand, as disillusioned and hopeless adults, adults could learn from their children how they can believe in happy endings and miracles again.
The project was initiated by Saltkråkan AB, the company of Astrid Lindgren's family, and the children's book publisher Rabén & Sjögren.
The reactions of adults and children were immediately noticeable - they flipped through the book, read and interpreted the book and laughed.
These included the New York Public Library, the Canoon Cultural Center in Iran, the Swedish Museum Näktergalen, the Bibliotheek Rotterdam, the CODA Museum in Apeldoorn, the Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam and the town hall in Aalsmeer.
This is told by Astrid Lindgren in such simple and poignant way that it becomes understandable for children, and they can learn that imagination makes some bad times more bearable.
The lyrics talk about the relationship artists have with their art, and how they feel when their love of it is lost.
The layered and processed members' vocals shows they are one unit of seven and the minimalist sounds represent a subdued inner.
The performance ends with the lead dancer being raised towards the sky by the others while he flaps his arms like a bird.
Olfersia is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The boys' singles luge at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 18 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
Walter de Lindsay (died 1221), Lord of Lamberton and Molesworth, Fordington and Ulceby, Justiciar of Lothian, Sheriff of Berwick was a Scottish noble, who held lands in Scotland and England.
Trichoneuron is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Simion Surdan (9 February 1940 – 10 July 2006) was a Romanian former footballer who played as a central midfielder for CFR Timișoara and Politehnica Timișoara.
While playing for Politehnica he scored one goal in the 1973–1974 Cupa României final which was lost with 4–2 to Jiul Petroșani.
Surdan played one game at international level for Romania in a UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying match which ended with a 4–2 win against Switzerland.
She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2018 FINA Women's Water Polo World League, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
In Kay Khosrow first attack on Turan, was commander of the Tous Corps, and he moved the Corps out of Farud territory.
The first match took place on 1 June 1957 in a friendly match against the FLN football team when Algeria was a French colony.
After the independence of Algeria, the first official match took place on 15 December 1963, in a friendly match at the Stade Chedly Zouiten in Tunisia.
The last defeat of Algeria against their neighbors dated back to 20 January 2017 during the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations which was hosted by Gabon.
Before this match, the two teams had met once in the African Cup of Nations finals in 2013, which was also dominated by the Tunisians.
Indeed, the two teams clash six times, between 1 June 1957 and 1 May 1958, with the key eight wins for the Algerians.
The two teams also faced each other three times in the qualification phase of the world cup in 1970, 1978 and 1986.
Men of Industry (Danish: Industriens Mænd) is a 1893-04 oil on canvas group portrait painting by Peder Severin Krøyer featuring 53 leading representatives of the technical sciences in Denmark during the sevond half of the 19th century, seen at a fictional gathering at Østerbro Power Station in Copenhagen.
The painting was commission by Gustav Adolph Hagemann and is now on display in the Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Castle, Hillerød.
The idea for the painting was conceived by Hagemann in 1881 while he was entertaining C. F. Tietgen who was posing for Peder Severin Krøyers portrait of him.
Hagemann presented the idea of four monumental group portrait paintings for the newly refurbished Great Hall in Børsen featuring leading representatives of the trade, industry agriculture and shipping sectors in Denmark.
Hagemann, who was a co-owner of Øresunds Chemiske Fabrikker, a board member and major shareholder of Burmeister & Wain and had just been appointed as director of the College of Advanced Technology, was at the height of his career.
Kræyer created a pen study, two pastels on cartoon and a small oil on canvas study before embarking ion the final painting.
BBG Bangaru Talli Charitable Trust (BTCT) has successfully completed the empowerment of over 5000 girl children through various educational initiatives in and around various schools of Shadnagar Mandal, Ranga Reddy district.
The BBG Bangaru Talli Charitable Trust (BTCT) has adopted 20 primary schools, six upper primary schools and four ZPH schools in Farooq Nagar Mandal.
BBG Bangaru Talli Charitable Trust has organized the second visit of life skills and career guidance sessions in its adopted schools namely, ZPHS Madhurapur, ZPHS Papireddyguda, ZPHS Burgula, ZPHS Raikal, ZPHS Vityal, and ZPHS Mothighanpur.
ACS Fortuna Becicherecu Mic, commonly known as Fortuna Becicherecu Mic, , is a Romanian football club based in Becicherecu Mic, Timiș County.
The team was founded in 2016 and is currently playing in the Liga III, third tier of the Romanian football system, after promoting at the end of the 2018–19 season.
Fortuna Becicherecu Mic was founded in the summer of 2016, when CS Nuova Mama Mia Becicherecu Mic moved from Becicherecu Mic to Timișoara, then Jimbolia.
The new entity was formed and also took over the women's team of Nuova Mama Mia, including all of the players and staff, the equipment and the sports facilities under the name of ACS Fortuna Becicherecu Mic, thus insuring the continuity of the team under a new name.
For this reason, the Romanian Football Federation allowed the women's team to keep its place in the second tier league, even though a third tier was created in 2016.
On the other side, the men's team had to take it all over again, starting with the lowest league in Timiș County, Liga VI.
She is married with the actor Erick Chapa, the wedding ceremony was held on 3 February 2017 at Hacienda La Escoba, in Jalisco.
Lois de Lafayette Washburn (born c. 1894) was an American fascist and the founder of anti-Semitic groups in Chicago and Tacoma, Washington.
In 2012, Hanerik was changed from a township into a town.On July 28, 2013, an incident involving Muslim protesters and local police in Hanerik occurred.
Frederick Robert Crane (10 July 1942 – 6 April 2013) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Queensland from 1965 to 1968.
Bob Crane was born in Mullumbimby in northern New South Wales and educated at Lismore High School before going to the University of Queensland to study engineering.
A left-handed batsman, right-arm off-spin bowler and exceptional slips fieldsman, he played for the University team in the Brisbane Grade Cricket competition for 16 years, captaining the side for three seasons.
He made his highest score in his first match, when he was the only Queensland batsman to resist the New South Wales spin bowlers in the second innings, making 98 out of the team's total of 178.
His best bowling figures were 5 for 42 against South Australia in 1967-68, when he also opened the batting and made 60 (Queensland's top score for the match) and 25.
The area of Corkbeg was tied very closely to the Fitzgeralds who been there since John FitzEdmond de Gerald purchased it from the William Condon in 1591.
The Fitzgerald family sold it, after Robert Uniacke-Penrose-Fitzgerald died in 1919, though Lady Fitzgerald was still living in the house in 1921.
Dietrich Berke (26 February 1938 – 16 October 2010) was a German musicologist und Chief editor of the Bärenreiter music publishing house.
Born in Castrop-Rauxel, Berke studied musicology, German and philosophy in Kiel and Würzburg where he received his doctorate in musicology in 1967.
Afterwards he was a scholarship holder of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, from 1969 to 2002 he was a lecturer, later chief lecturer at the Kasseler Bärenreiter publishing house, and since 1973 he has also been a member of the editorial management of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe.
He published yearbooks and commemorative publications, wrote essays on Mozart and Schubert research as well as on the life and work of Heinrich Schütz, on music philology, publishing and copyright.
He has been a member of the boards of directors of sponsoring associations and of executive committees of various musicological monuments and complete editions.
Mungiakami railway station became operation in 2008 with the meter gauge line from Lumding to Agartala but later in 2016 entire section converted into broad gauge line.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
Vermilion Falls is a series of fan-shaped steps made of limestone and shale that are navigable by small, flat-bottomed boats during high water.
During all other times boaters have to dock below the falls and walk along an trail running parallel to the south bank of the river before joining up with the river above the falls.
He is director of emeritus research at the CNRS-Paris-Diderot University laboratory on complex materials and systems, at the Institut Gustave Roussy's cancer centre and associate professor at several foreign universities.
From 1975 to 1977 he carried out postdoctoral research at the Rockefeller University in New York in the laboratory directed by Professor Gerald Edelman, Nobel Prize for Medicine.
From 1978 to 1987, he led a team at the Institute of Developmental Biology of the CNRS and the Collège de France.
In 2006, he joined the Singapore Science and Technology Research Agency as Professor and Deputy Director of the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and in 2012 he was appointed Head of the Department of Biochemistry at the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Singapore.
Emeritus CNRS Researcher since 2010, he is currently Associate Professor at the National University of Singapore, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, the Guangzhou Biomedical Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine in Bergen, Norway.
Jean Paul Thiery trained as a chemical engineer (Strasbourg) and then specialised in several disciplines of life sciences during his scientific career.
During his postdoctoral stay, he discovered the first intercellular adhesive molecule N-CAM and then described for the first time the relationship between morphogenesis and the adhesive status of cells.
His current collaborative research with clinicians focuses on the development of therapeutic strategies based on the concept of EMT reversibility to increase the efficacy of target therapies and immunotherapy.
He has presented his work in more than 300 international conferences and has published 480 papers (Google Scholar: 55,000 citations - H-index 110).
He is co-author of 4 patents and scientific founder of the company Biocheetah, the name of the company having been chosen in accordance with Jean-Paul Thiery's objective to be the first to bring a diagnosis to the market (the cheetah being the fastest animal in the world).
Professor Jean-Paul Thiery received the Serres Prize of the French Academy of sciences (1983), the Otto Mangold Prize (Berlin) 1987, the Heinz Karger Basel Prize (1990) and the prize of the French National League against Cancer, Paris (1990).
He is a laureate of the French Academy of Medicine (2000), Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur (2009) and Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite (1997).
William Hamilton was the son of William Hamilton, also of Sanquhar, and Katherine Kennedy, a daughter of David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis.
Hamilton travelled to France as a diplomat and in September 1538 brought back letters from Francis I of France co-signed by the secretary Florimond Robertet, showing that Francis was mindful of the 1517 Treaty of Rouen and would persuade the Duke of Albany to give up Dunbar Castle and would try to prevent Albany's return to Scotland.
An inventory of Sir William's furniture at Newton Castle near Ayr, made in 1559 is notable for its description of furniture.
Ficus heterophylla is a fig plant species, in the family Moraceae, which can be found in India, southern China, Indo-China and western Malesia.
Carolina Crespi (c. 1790 – after 1842), later known as Carolina Crespi-Bianchi and Carolina Bianchi, was an Italian soprano active on the opera stages of Paris and Northern Italy from 1803 to 1820.
She began appearing in adult roles in Italy in 1803 at the Teatro d'Angennes in Turin and in 1804 with her mother at the Teatro de' Quattro Compadroni in Pavia.
The couple settled in Italy and in 1809 began performing together at La Scala, where they sang in a number of world premieres.
Crespi's later appearances without her husband included the Teatro Regio in Turin from 1815 to 1818, the Teatro di Cittadella in Reggio Emilia in 1815, the Teatro Re in Milan in 1817, and the Teatro della Concordia in Cremona in 1819.
Constantin Varga played one game in which he scored a goal for Romania in a 1992 friendly against Mexico which ended with a 2–0 victory.
He continued his studies at several international institutions: the University of East Anglia (1973), the University of California at Davis (1978), the University of Fribourg (1982),and the University of Ghent (1991).
Boudet is the initiator of the Centre Pierre Potier Itav which is located in the Toulouse oncopole and whose objective is to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations and to bring private and public research closer together.
Boudet has had more than 160 articles in peer-reviewed journals, several books published, and five patents, He is the organizer of several international colloquia.
Apolline Lacroix (née Biffe 1805-1896) was a French actress who married Paul Lacroix, the curator of the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal in Paris, on May 7, 1834.
The station was opened on 3 November 2015 as part of the first section of the line, which only included two stations — Zona Rental and Bello Monte.
Line 5 began construction in 2007 with Bello Monte station being one of ten planned stations on the line, but it was the only new station to open in 2015.
Forrest Mitchell Crump (born December 18, 1979), better known as DJ Forrest Houston is an American award-winning, multi-genre, open format DJ, author, entertainer, entrepreneur, and investor.
He is the founder and operator of Xceptional DJs and Photo Booth in Houston, Texas and Principal at FMC Creations Group.
He started performing at small parties while still in high school alongside training and working as a contractor for a few multi-op companies.
He specializes in social media, sales, and marketing, having worked with companies like The Houston Chronicle, Yellowbook, Rewards Network, and Dex Media.
In the future, Crump plans to travel and do more shows out of Houston, Austin, and San Antonio area and will begin producing and releasing his own music.
In April, he was interviewed by Pierr Castillo on 'On Air with Pierr' about his 20+ years of experience in the music and entertainment space and the launch of his book.
Crump's first single 'Rise' is to be released on 21st June 2019, after which he'll release more music and his debut EP with a unique take on pop, EDM, club, hip-hop, and chill styles.
DJ Forrest Houston - Xceptional DJ's has been selected for the 2019 Houston Award in the Disc Jockeys category by the Houston Award Program.
This also remains the most acceptad identification, and is repeated in many works about Old Norse religion and the Viking Age.
The archeologist Neil Price notes that no clear attributes from Freyr's myths are present in the image, such as the god's sword, ship or boar.
If the identification is based solely on a symbol for a sexually active man, Price argues, there are many other possible candidates from Norse myth, legend and history.
The historian of religions Olof Sundqvist has suggested that the statuette could depict Freyr in his capacity as a model for kings.
Although he supports an identification with Freyr, the Norse studies scholar Richard Perkins has also suggested that the statuette could depict the god Thor, who blows in his beard to create wind.
Perkins also suggests that the sitting figure has adopted features from the Buddha, inspired by depictions such as the 6th-century Buddha statuette found on the Swedish island of Helgö.
Jiya (Uyghur: / Җия / ) is a township in the northeastern part of Hotan City in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China in an oasis area on the eastern bank of the White Jade River in the southwestern part of the Taklamakan Desert.
To the north and east, Jiya borders Lop County, the county which Jiya was a part of until 2006, and to the south and west, Jiya borders the rest of Hotan city.
On July 11, 2006, Jiya and Yurungqash (Yulongkashi), originally part of Lop County, as well as and Tusalla (Tushala), originally part of Hotan County, were transferred to Hotan City.
In 2019, 288,000 yuan was spent to help twenty-eight adjacent poor families with grape growing in Jiya's Suyalangan (Suya Langancun) village.
He served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland from 2002 to 2015, and as National Bishop to the Torres Strait Islander people during that time.
He was educated at Nungalinya College and then spent his ministry supporting indigenous people in Far North Queensland and across Australia.
In 2002, Mabo was chosen as an Assistant Bishop in the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland following the death of his predecessor serving the Torres Strait Islands, Ted Mosby.
Mosby's appointment had coincided with a split in Torres Strait churches arising out of the merger of the former Anglican Diocese of Carpentaria, with some church choosing to secede and join the Traditional Anglican Communion as an independent church, the Church of Torres Strait, and then Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane Peter Hollingworth refusing the new church to use Anglican church buildings for its services.
Mabo was consecrated on 24 February 2002 in the All Souls and St Bartholomew's Cathedral Church on Thursday Island by Anglican Archbishop Phillip Aspinall.
Following Murray Island custom, Mabo was escorted from his home, 200 metres from the church, to the steps of the church by island elders.
Mabo spent his first year as bishop visiting the congregations who had broken away from the Diocese in 1997 and 1998 in protest at the appointment of Mosby.
As Bishop, Mabo spent time representing the Anglican Church of Australia on the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ecumenical Council.
Together with local Member of Parliament Warren Entsch, Mabo led a successful restoration project of the of the Quetta Church Hall on Thursday Island as a community initiative, with Entsch serving as Patron and Mabo as chair of the project.
Mabo also was instrumental in supporting the Torres Strait community following the murder of eight children in the Cairns suburb of Manoora in December 2014.
Mabo served as bishop until mid-2015 when he retired from the role, following which he became the local parish priest at All Souls and St Bartholomew's Cathedral Church.
Mabo died two days before his 70th birthday on 12 May 2017 after a short illness, his funeral service being held on 16 June 2017 at St Bartholemew's, the same place where he was consecrated as a Bishop in February 2002.
Michael Benisty (born 20 May 1977) is a Belgian self-taught multimedia artist who creates digital and sculptural art that portrays the world's current state of affairs, spirituality, power, and the powerless.
He is well known for his large sculptures displayed in different famous projects such as Art Basel, Art with Me, and Burning Man (2017 & 2018).
Abram Piasek (1928 – 15 January 2020) was a survivor of four death camps in Poland and Germany, and a veteran of the U.S. Army, shared his story of survival with thousands of students and people throughout North Carolina at schools, universities, libraries, and military bases.
He lived for 28 years in Connecticut, where he learned English, met his wife of 60 years, Shirley, and learned to be a baker.
After Shirley died in 2012, Piasek spent more and more time sharing his story with military bases, libraries, and community centers.
In 2015, Piasek and other survivors were reunited with one of the U.S. soldiers who helped liberate them 70 years earlier.
While at the museum, Piasek went to the cattle car on the third floor and narrated his liberation for his great-grandchildren and the other students on the trip.
While in the hospital, he took the opportunity to share his story with doctors, nurses, and patients at Wake Med Hospital (despite being in a neck brace and a wheelchair at the time).
Irish syllabic poetry, also known in its later form as Dán díreach (1200-1600), is the name given to complex syllabic poetry in the Irish language as written by monastic poets from the eighth century on, and later by professional poets in Ireland and Gaelic Scotland.
The monastic poets borrowed from both native and Latin traditions to create elaborate syllabic verse forms, and used them for religious and nature poetry.
They regarded themselves and were regarded by others as an integral part of the social and intellectual elite of medieval Ireland, a fact expressed through a subtle and cultivated poetic diction.
The Irish combination of end-rhyme, internal rhyme and alliteration, however, derives ultimately from the example of late Latin hymns, as elaborated by Irish monks.
Its use was taught by the late Classical writer Virgilius Marus Grammaticus, whose writings were well known in Ireland, and rhyme is found in some of the earliest Irish Latin hymns.
Such monastic lyrics appear from around the eighth century on, inspired by love of Nature, love of solitude and love of the Divine.
The professional poets continued to praise famous men, but in doing so adopted the new and sophisticated verse forms invented in the monastic environment.
It has been observed that the praise poem possibly represented a survival of paganism, insofar as it was thought to enhance the good fortune of the lord (the poet’s patron) to whom it was addressed.
It has also been noted that the trained professional poet was a court official employed for a specific purpose and was esteemed accordingly.
Poets belonged to particular families and each poet had a particular aristocratic patron, though it was acceptable to visit patrons other than one’s own.
There are also examples of praise poems written for aristocratic women, usually referring to their descent, their beauty, their generosity and their other admirable qualities.
In them it was expected that pupils would master the complex forms of their art and acquire knowledge of Irish history and literature.
A pupil would need to attend such a school for six or seven years before being eligible to reach the summit of his profession.
The poets used a standard literary dialect, which was taught, it is likely, in the schools from the early 13th century on and which lasted unchanged until the 17th century, regardless of the changes which were occurring in popular speech.
There were manuals for the purpose, composed perhaps in the fifteenth century and containing samples of the work of acknowledged masters.
Seventeenth century Ireland, which experienced periods of great political turmoil, saw the gradual replacement of aristocratic native patrons by incomers of mostly English origin who had little interest in indigenous traditions.
An example of the transition is the oeuvre of Dáibhí Ó Bruadair (c.1625-1698), whose life covered almost the entire century and whose work contains examples of both kinds of verse.
Cuff represented England and won a silver medal in the team event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
She was the National Junior Gymnast of The Year in 1992 when based with the Coalville Gymnastics Club and was three times winner of the British team title (1995, 1996 and 1997) when with the Heathrow Gymnastics Club.
Ficus hederacea is a climbing fig species, in the family Moraceae, which can be found in the Himalayas, southern China and Indo-China.
The feeling of loss caused by the farewell and departure of the dragon put an end to the joys of imagination and lead to a disenchanted world that leaves no room for dragons, so that only the memory remains.
Thus, the loss of childhood is mourned, which is represented by a division between past and future, premodern and modern, child and adult.
According to Gabriele Cromme the book shows that feminine loving care and empathy also includes to be able to let go.
Michel Imbert (born on 29 June 1935 in Béziers, France) is a neuropsychologist teacher-researcher in cognitive neurosciences, professor emeritus at Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University (since 2003) and honorary director of studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS).
After studies at the Sorbonne, in philosophy (licentiate in 1957) and psychology (licentiate in 1958), and at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris (licentiate in natural sciences, 1961, doctorate in natural sciences, 1967), Michel Imbert was a lecturer (2nd class professor) at the Faculty of Sciences in Toulouse (1967).
Returning to Paris in 1972 as Assistant Director at the Collège de France in the Chair of Neurophysiology headed by Professor Yves Laporte, Michel Imbert was appointed Professor of Neurophysiology at the Paris-Sud University at Orsay (1981), then at the University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (1983).
In 1987, he was appointed director of studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS); he created the Master (DEA) in Cognitive Sciences, which has since become a master's degree (Cogmaster).
In 1993, he created the Brain and Cognition Research Centre (CERCO) at the Paul-Sabatier University in Toulouse, a joint University-CNRS-EHESS unit, of which he was director until 2000.
Elected senior member at the Institut universitaire de France (IUF), he has been an honorary member of the Perceptive Systems Laboratory (LSP) at the Institut d'Étude de la Cognition at the École normale supérieure since 2003.
He is also a member of the Academia Europaea (since 1989) and a corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences (since 1993).
At the end of the 1950s, Michel Imbert demonstrated, with Pierre Buser, the existence of a convergence of visual, auditory and somesthesic signals at the level of the pre-central cortex in cats.
He carried out his first work on the post-natal development of the visual system at the Collège de France in the Chair of Neurophysiology of which he is the deputy director.
He established that neurons selective to the orientation of a visual stimulus are present in the primary visual cortex prior to any visual experience.
He demonstrates that extra-ocular proprioceptive afferents play a determining role in the development of properties previously considered exclusively visual, and, in the primate, he establishes that the coding of three-dimensional vision is dependent on oculomotor vergence signals.
Contrary to what was then generally accepted, retinal afferents are not distributed in the kneeling body and the lateral superior colliculus in distinct layers according to competitive mechanisms assigning their place to the axons of the ganglion cells originating from each eye.
Thus, despite the absence of competition, the related fibres occupy the areas intended to receive them without completely re-inverting the previously deafferented areas.
Before opening the gallery, the Puckers had been earning a living by setting up temporary art exhibitions and sales of Israeli art at synagogues in the area, while Bernard studied for a PhD in Modern Jewish History at Brandeis University.
They got to know Dov and Shoshana Safrai, owners of Jerusalem's Safrai Gallery, who trusted the Puckers with art when they were just starting in the business The Gallery sold Israeli art in temporary art shows in synagogues and Jewish community centers throughout the United States.
The Pucker Gallery, cooperated with Jerusalem's Safrai Gallery for many years, operating in the 1970s and 1980s as the Pucker/Safrai Gallery at 171 Newbury Street.
Over the years the Gallery expanded its range, adding the work of 20th Century masters including Chagall, Picasso, and Matisse, then adding New England artists, artists from around the globe and, in 1982, adding ceramics.
In 2014, the Puckers sold the building at 171 Newbury St., moving to a less expensive space on the third floor at 240 Newbury.
Known for her commissioned portraits of President Roosevelt, she also painted different views of the White House and of Roosevelt's birthplace.
Searcy developed a relationship with Eleanor Roosevelt, for whom she did commissioned work that was then given as gifts to President Roosevelt.
Searcy's artwork is included in the permanent collections of the Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Johnson Collection in Spartanburg, South Carolina.
He graduated from Boston Latin School, afterward moved to New York to study film at the School of Visual Arts in 1994.
Alline Bullock (December 1, 1936 – September 4, 2010) was an American songwriter and the older sister of singer Tina Turner.
Ruby Alline Bullock was born on December 1, 1936, the second child of Zelma Priscilla (née Currie) and first to Floyd Richard Bullock.
She had a half-sister, Evelyn Juanita Currie, who was a year older and a younger sister, Anna Mae Bullock, three years her junior.
Her family lived in Nutbush, Tennessee where her father worked as an overseer of the sharecroppers at Poindexter Farm on Highway 180.
During World War II, her parents moved up north for work and she was kept at her maternal grandparents home while her younger sister was kept at her paternal grandparents.
After graduating from Carver High School in Brownsville, Bullock moved to Detroit to live with some relatives for a short while before reuniting with her mother in St. Louis.
Bullock worked as a barmaid at the Manhattan Club where the house band was Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm.
Bullock was dating Kings of Rhythm drummer Eugene Washington when he gave Anna Mae the microphone during an intermission in 1957.
Bullock eventually relocated to Los Angeles, California and lived with Ike and Tina's four sons while they toured across the country.
She briefly managed the Ikettes (Robbie Montgomery, Venetta Fields, and Jessie Smith) after they left the revue in 1965, but Ike prevented them from using the name; they became the Mirettes.
After her sister's acrimonious divorce from Ike in 1978, Bullock still considered him her brother-in-law and attended his funeral in 2007.
Rodrigo González Girón (born before 1194, died 1256), eldest son of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón and his first wife, Sancha Rodríguez, was a nobleman from Palencia.
Rodrigo took over many of the tenancies in the Tierra de Campos that his father have formerly governed, including Monzón, half of Carrión and Asturias de Santillana.
In 1252, he acquired various estates around Autillo de Campos that he afterwards donated to the Hospital de la Herrada, of which he was a noted patron.
Rodrigo was present with King Fernando III of Castile at the siege of Córdoba (1236) and he accompanied Prince Alfonso (the future Alfonso X) to accept the surrender of the Kingdom of Murcia in 1243.
The party entered Murcia on 1 May 1243 and King Muhammad ibn Hud al-Dawla signed the Treaty of Alcaraz handing over his kingdom.
Rodrigo played an important role in the conquest of Seville, where he received the village of Villalba, which he afterwards donated to the Order of Calatrava.
Rodrigo died in 1256 and was interred in the monastery of Santa María de Benavides in a lavish sepulchre sculpted by Roy Martínez de Bureba and now lost.
By 1243 Rodrigo was married to his second wife, Teresa López, supposedly a daughter of Count Lope Díaz II de Haro and Urraca Alfonso de León.
Cara H. Drinan is an author, legal expert, and professor of law at The Catholic University of America's Columbus School of Law.
Drinan received a bachelor's degree from Bowdoin College, a master's degree from Oxford University, and a law degree from Stanford Law School.
Her areas of expertise include justice and juvenile sentencing, criminal justice reform, capital punishment, access to counsel, mass incarceration, clemency, pardons, and parole.
In 2017, Drinan was part of a legal team that convinced Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe to commute the death sentence of Ivan Teleguz, a man many believed to be wrongly convicted.
In 2018, she began a program at the Columbus School of Law to document the lack of effective legal representation for economically disadvantaged criminal defendants in the United States.
The 2020 Categoría Primera B season (officially known as the 2020 Torneo BetPlay Dimayor season for sponsorship reasons) is the 31st season of the Categoría Primera B since its founding as Colombia's second division football league.
For this season, the format will be the same as the previous season: two tournaments (Torneo I and Torneo II) with three stages each.
In the first stage of both tournaments, the 16 clubs will play each other once, for a total of 15 games.
The top eight teams after the first stage will advance to the semifinal round where they will be sorted into two groups of four and will play a double round-robin tournament group stage, with the top team of each group qualifying to the finals.
The winners of both tournaments will play a final series on a home-and-away basis, with the winner being crowned as the season champions and also earning promotion to the Categoría Primera A for the 2021 season.
The season runners-up will then play the best team in the aggregate table (other than the champions) in another double-legged series for the second promotion berth.
In case the season runner-up also ends up as the best team in the aggregate table, it will also be promoted and the promotion play-off will not be played.
16 teams will take part, fourteen of them returning from last season plus Unión Magdalena and Atlético Huila, who were relegated from the Primera A the previous season.
While serving in an armored unit under George S. Patton in World War I, he received the Distinguished Service Cross for gallantry.
Later, he attended the Harvard Law School and rejoined the Army in World War II as executive to the Provost Marshal General.
In 1947, he was appointed the first male dean of the Washington College of Law in Washington, D.C. and oversaw its incorporation by American University in 1949.
Rogers was born in Newport, Rhode Island to a prominent family, the son of Cornelia (Arnold) and Reverend Arthur Rogers, an Episcopal priest.
His paternal grandfather, prominent jurist Horatio Rogers Jr., was elected state attorney general twice and served at the time on the Rhode Island Supreme Court.
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Private Horatio R. Rogers (ASN: 291666), United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with Company C, 344th Tank Battalion, Tank Corps, A.E.F., near Exermont, France, 4 October 1918.
Acting as a runner, Private Rogers, upon learning that there was a scarcity of tank drivers, begged permission to drive a tank.
Permission being granted, he drove his tank well in advance of the Infantry until the officer in command of his tank became wounded by enemy fire.
Private Rogers left the shelter of his tank and crawled to other tanks of his company, carrying messages from his wounded officer.
This duty was performed in the face of heavy artillery, machine-gun, and rifle fire, and was carried on until Private Rogers was severely wounded.
After his Army service, Rogers attended the University of Chicago and Harvard Law School; he practiced law for a short time before joining the faculty of the University of South Dakota College of Law.
Following American entry into World War II, Rogers rejoined the Army and was commissioned as a captain in the office of the Provost Marshal General.
This coincided with the school's admittance into the Association of American Law Schools and its desire to raise its national status.
Rogers resigned as dean in 1951 in order to accept an appointment as Director of Economic Defense Staff at the Economic Cooperation Administration.
He later served in the general counsel's office of the Export–Import Bank of the United States before dying from complications of lung cancer and heart disease on October 24, 1958.
Local inhabitants at Sampul cemetery around where art such as the Sampul tapestry has been found, buried their dead from roughly 217 BCE to 283 CE.
The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the Sampula inhabitants had a large mixture of East Asian, Persian and European characteristics.
(2007), analysis of maternal mitochondrial DNA of the human remains has revealed genetic affinities at the maternal side to Ossetians and Iranians, an Eastern-Mediterranean paternal lineage.
On the afternoon of April 7, 2017, the XUAR Judiciary Office's de-extremization () propaganda team began three days of de-extremization lectures in the county including visits in Sampul.
On December 13, 2019, the body of a 5 year old Uyghur boy was found in snow in a stream in Sampul, and viral video of the discovery led to international attention.
WDKT-LD, virtual channel 31 (UHF digital channel 15), is a low-powered GEB America-affiliated television station licensed to Hendersonville, North Carolina, United States.
The two stations share studios on Rutherford Road in Taylors, South Carolina; WDKT-LD's transmitter is located at Paris Mountain State Park (just outside Greenville).
He returned to Brazil in 1914, and in 1926 was made acting professor of painting in the and became a permanent professor the next year.
It reached number 14 in the United Kingdom, number 16 in Scotland, number 24 in Iceland and number 52 in France.
Cole Bartiromo, also officially called by himself after his prison time as The Dollar Scholar, is an American blogger and former scammer, convicted felon, and public speaker from Mission Viejo, California.
When Bartiromo was very young, he had a desire for fast-and-easy moneymaking not only out of avarice but also his family’s poor financial situation, where the Bartiromos faced bankruptcy twice and a home foreclosure in the 1990s.
His first online financial frauds were done with his father in 2000, when he went around eBay taking money from would-be sports card collectors.
The next year, while still in high school, he ran two online securities fraud operations that got him in trouble with the SEC.
The SEC filed an enforcement charge against IB2001 on December 13, 2001, and, with the help of research by two sports card collectors previously scammed by Bartiromo, identified the 17-year-old as the person behind IB2001 on January 7, 2002.
On that day, he garnered national news attention for being the second youngest person, at the time, to commit an online fraud, behind a 15-year-old New Jersey resident named Jonathan Lebed.
Due to the SEC’s IB2001 charge and another one filed on April 7, 2002 against Bartiromo for his pump-and-dump scheme, he not only had to give the victims their money back but also face a $1.2 million civil penalty that ballooned to $2.7 million in 2010 due to interest.
In 2004, as a result of charges by the SEC for mail and wire fraud and bank fraud for Ebay scams and bank account wiring schemes he committed in 2003, he faced a 33-month federal prison sentence and was prohibited from using the internet as part of his probation until 2010.
One of them was for his involvement in running the crime investigation blog NewsBall, particularly its posts relating to the murder of Skylar Neese; started in 2013, the blog revealed private details about crimes and incidents not normally covered by mainstream news outlets for ethical reasons.
During the 2016 presidential election, he was being covered in the national news for his activities as a supporter of Donald Trump, posting anti-Muslim messages on his Facebook page and facing a cut on his forehead while fighting with protestors at Costa Mesa.
His parents were John Bartiromo (born circa 1958), who had sixteen years of working as a material handler at Southern California Edison as of 2002, and Jeanise (also born circa 1958), a junior college instructor where she taught to interpreters and also ran a daycare.
While at Trabuco Hills High School, Bartiromo played on the Mustangs team and had aspirations of becoming a professional baseball player.
This was first evident when he sold candy bars to his neighbors as part of fundraising events for his little league baseball team and set the prices a few dollars higher than what he was allowed to sell them at.
By April 1993, their $2,800 monthly income was around $200 below what they were required to pay, including a time-share at the Las Vegas-based Jockey Club Resort which they owed $4,000.
In April 1997, they filed bankruptcy again, this time from John failing to pay over $23,000 of his mortgage, further worsened by a lender increasing the amount to $237,419.
The court chose to dismiss it in May 1997 and prohibited another petition for six months, resulting in the family’s three-bedroom and two-bath home to be foreclosed by a bank in the summer of that year.
Cole’s peers were aware of his obsession with sports cards and were annoyed by his boasts of profiting off them; one of his classmates recalled in 2002 that the space of Bartiromos’ living room was taken up by sports memorabilia such as signs, pictures, and posters.
He bought large amounts of penny stocks, for some days close to half of the volume, and spread more than 6,000 messages on message boards falsely hyping up the stocks.
Fifteen publicly traded companies bought into the messages, and Bartiromo traded millions of shares with them; as a result, their stock prices went down.
In one night, his stock account went up from $5,000 to $50,000 from the scheme, and the net profit he made totaled more than $91,000.
While operating the scheme, he was shocked how easy it was to dupe trading companies into fraudulent stock offers on the web.
From November 1 to December 15, 2001, when Bartiromo was a senior in high school, he operated a securities fraud service named Invest Better 2001 (IB2001), which consisted of a website and a MSN Networks Communities bulletin board that shut down on December 15.
To make the operation uncatchable to law enforcement, Bartiromo kept transferring the funds to different e-commerce sites to avoid them, although he told his investors it was simply to prevent the funds from being hacked.
In the end of that month, the SEC called Danny Matson, whose name was used as a credit for being an administrator and billing contact for IB2001.
The commission learned Matson actually knew nothing about the securities fraud and that he really was a sports card collector who was owed $25,000 for a card a man named Tim Marino offered him online.
Matson then phoned San Jose sports card collector Ramon Sanchez, another one of Marino’s victims who bought a Michael Jordan rookie card from him in October 2001 but never actually got it.
Both Matson and Sanchez decided to search for the operator of IB2001 by contacting its clients, one of them sending the investor forum of the service’s message boards.
It featured a comment from an account named mariners116, who the two suspected was run by Bartiromo given that he was a big fan of the Seattle Mariners according to his friends.
On April 29, 2002, the SEC filed another complaint against Bartiromo for the pump-and-dump scheme, citing violations of Section 17(a) of the Securities Act, Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5.
A partial final settlement was ordered by the court on May 29 requiring him to disgorge all of the money made from the scheme.
On May 4, 2005, a final order was made for the two complaints, a civil penalty of $1,273,371 imposed on Bartiromo by judge Barbara S. Jones.
The same day the news articles were being published, Bartiromo became a celebrity at the school, so much so that a teacher asked him for his autograph.
There were debates in civics classes about whether Bartiromo was to be blamed or the lack of thinking on the victims.
Bartiromo’s neighbors and other acquatances were also shocked, given that, while he operated IB2001, they only noticed him acting ordinary for a teenager, like watching other people’s dogs, working at a pizzeria, shooting hoops, and successfully attending all of his baseball practices.
During a winter game he played, his father apologized to the attending parents for the media coverage of his son’s scam.
In 2003, Bartiromo scammed successful North American Ebay bidders out of money they used for buying telephones, tire rims, and other items that he never shipped.
Then, on August 24 of that year, Bartiromo tried to wire $450,000 out of an account from a Wells Fargo bank in Mission Viejo in order to have money for gambling with a London sportsbook.
He asked, under false identification given by 20-year-old Theo Liu, to wire the account as well as cash the checks made from the Ebay scam.
The employee, who was recruited by Oscar Godinez, also 20 years old, for Bartiromo, told the bank’s supervisor about the possible fraud.
The supervisor contacted the United States Secret Service, which set up a dummy account for Bartiromo to transfer the money to.
In an newspaper interview published that same day, Bartiromo claimed he was only going to use $40,000 of the money in the account, the other money going to Godinez and Liu.
He also argued that the government set him up for the fraud, but this was denied by a Los Angeles attorney spokesman named Them Mrozek.
On March 1, 2004, Bartiromo plead guilty to not only the bank fraud charge but also mail and wire fraud for his Ebay scam, which he admitted to doing during his plead.
He was still under probation, meaning he was not allowed to use the internet, after his sentence was finished until 2010.
By December 2010, Bartiromo was living with his family unemployed and poor, his 2005 $1.2 million penalty rose to $2.7 million due to interest, and he was also taxed $1.1 million by the IRS for IB2001.
From the 2000s decade to 2010, Bartiromo spoke in various interviews and criminal testimonies about turning his life around, aspiring to write a movie, a book, and rap songs about his life, own the Seattle Mariners, and work as an entrepreneur.
Bartiromo had a brief stint in 2010 performing public speaking events about the consequences of the schemes he committed at schools such as UC Berkeley in the summer and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona in December.
In 2013, Bartiromo began Newsball, a blog that was initially meant to present his social media pranks; on Facebook, he created fake profiles of notorious people being covered by popular news sources, including Jared Lee Loughner and James DiMaggio.
He would continue pulling off these type of pranks in 2016, when on July 17 of that year, the day Gavin Eugene Long murdered six policemen in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Bartiromo set up a hoax account on Facebook that was under Long’s name.
Later in 2013, however, Newsball transitioned into a blog exposing information most mainstream news outlets would otherwise not share publicly for ethical reasons, including the names of those only somewhat related to incidents, victims, and underage people that have committed crimes.
His actions on the blog when related to notable news stories included uploading pictures of Paul Walker’s dead body in a car crash, and criticizing the jurors of George Zimmerman’s murder trial for rolling against the defendant.
Before Neese’s two underaged killers were charged, Bartiromo looked for the names of them by scouring social media profiles; in addition to posting the names publicly on Newsball, he used their accounts of the killers and their friends to post several videos and photos of them as well as posting the names of the friends that refused to ask his questions.
According to Daleen Berry, who wrote a book about Neese’s death, she received emails from the teenagers Bartiromo contacted that claimed he threatened them and their families for information; these claims were denied by Bartiromo in 2014.
On April 28, 2016, during the 2016 presidential election, Bartiromo went to a rally for the candidate he supported, Donald Trump, held at Costa Mesa's Pacific Amphitheatre.
When trying to retrieve it, he was punch and slurred at by the rioters before his head got bashed opened on an asphalt ground.
Coverage about the incident brought up his history of notorious quick-money scams and blogging activities, as well as anti-Muslim posts that were posted on his Facebook account.
After completing four years of military service, the father of the deceased, who had arrived in the village, never returned to his camp.
Krishnan, who was known for his ability to applaud the talented and give away everything at hand, was the famous editor RS.
Adrián Horst Gilberto Goransch García (born 25 January 1999) is a German-Mexican professional footballer who plays as a defender for Liga MX side Club América.
Born in Puebla, Mexico to a German father and a Mexican mother, his family moved to Wolfsburg when Adrián was 3 years old.
On 23 January 2020, Club América coach Miguel Herrera announced that even though Goransch was included in the first team roster, he will be loaned to an Ascenso MX team due to his status as a non-Mexican under Liga MX statutes.
On 30 January 2020, Goransch joined Zacatepec on loan from Club América for the remainder of the Ascenso MX Clausura 2020 season.
Socialist candidate Norman Thomas also ran, as did Socialist Labor candidate Olive M. Johnson and former Police Commissioner Richard Edward Enright for the Square Deal Party.
Walker won with a plurality of 497,165 votes, which had been the largest ever recorded for a mayoral candidate up to that time, and won the absolute majority of votes in all five boroughs.
The results were part of a larger Democratic landslide in which Democrats won the position of President of the Board of Aldermen, Comptroller, all positions in Brooklyn, and all Borough Presidencies except Queens, and gained 2 seats in the Assembly and 3 in the Board of Aldermen from Republicans.
The Port of Melilla is a cargo, fishing, and passenger port and marina located in Melilla, a Spanish autonomous city off the coast of North Africa.
During the Middle Ages the port presumably played a part in the interchange of gold, ivory, slaves and cereals imported by the Caliphate of Córdoba in exchange for perfume, leather, silk and fabric.
During the time of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, the iron ore mined from the hinterland was loaded in the port of Melilla by the (CEMR).
In the late 1970s many of the obsolescent Tait carriages were taken from Melbourne to Kingston and disposed of by being set on fire.
Evelyne Huber (formerly Evelyne Huber Stephens) is an American and Swiss political scientist and scholar of Latin America, currently the Morehead Alumni Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where she was the Department Chair for more than a decade.
She obtained an MA in political science from Yale University in 1973, followed by a PhD in political science from Yale University in 1977.
She spent the following year lecturing at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, followed by 6 years at the College of the Holy Cross.
From 1985 to 1987 she was a professor at the University of California, Irvine, and then at Northwestern University from 1985 until 1992, when she moved to UNC-Chapel Hill.
Huber's subsequent work has also largely focused on the relationship between economic structure and democratic movements in Latin America, the influence of workers on policy, and the politics of welfare and income inequality.
Three of Huber's books have won the Outstanding Book Award from the Political Sociology section of the American Sociological Association, and she has won a number of other awards from the American Sociological Association and the American Political Science Association.
In 2006, Huber became the chair of the Department of Political Science at UNC-Chapel Hill, a position she held until 2017.
From 2012 to 2013, she was the president of the Latin American Studies Association, having previously been its vice president for 2 years.
In 2019, Huber was listed as the 16th most cited woman in political science at an American university, and one of the 25 most cited political scientists who obtained their PhD between 1975 and 1979.
Huber has written pieces in the news media for outlets like Foreign Affairs, and has been interviewed by or cited in works like Jacobin, The Economist, and Think Progress.
Concerning the 2017 data in the charts below (in this section and the following sections) deaths from the various drugs add up to more than 70,200 because multiple drugs are involved in many of the deaths.
In 2017, the five states with the highest rates of death due to drug overdose were West Virginia (57.8 per 100,000), Ohio (46.3 per 100,000), Pennsylvania (44.3 per 100,000), Kentucky (37.2 per 100,000), and New Hampshire (37.0 per 100,000).
Robbs Jetty Abattoir was an operation that was part of the Western Australia government meat export industry between 1921 and 1994.
The abattoir grew out of a complex of private meatworks established in the late 19th century, including Forrest, Emanuel & Company and Connor, Doherty & Durack.
In 1921 the Fremantle Freezing Works began operation as one of the three State Government regulated abattoirs under the 1909 Abattoir Act.
The trains route was from Badjaling to Robbs Jetty and it usually required changes in the locomotive being used over the route.
The Midland Junction abattoir was operating at approximately the same time as the Robbs Jetty operation, as well as the Wyndham Meatworks 1919 to 1985.
All of these operations were linked to the Western Australia's meat industry efforts to have adequate facility to be involved in meat export.
The chimney is the only remaining part of the large complex of buildings which included offices, holding yards, freezer and chiller facilities.
In 1634, Russian Cossacks, headed by Voin Shakhov, established a winter settlement at the confluence of the Vilyuy and Tyukyan rivers.
This settlement served as the seat of administration of the surrounding area for several decades, after which it was moved to the Yolyonnyokh area down by the Vilyuy River.
The Tyukyan River has its source in the eastern part of the Central Siberian Plateau in a swampy area of the Tyung River basin, just south of the Arctic Circle, at an elevation of about .
When it reaches the Central Yakutian Lowland it begins to meander strongly among swamps and small lakes, flowing roughly southwards, until it meets the left bank of the Vilyuy near Verkhnevilyuysk.
Peder Harboe Hertzberg (July 4, 1728 – January 1, 1802) was a Norwegian priest best known for his efforts in educating the public during the introduction of potato cultivation in Norway.
He was the father of the priest and politician Niels Hertzberg and the grandfather of the theologian, educator, and politician Nils Christian Egede Hertzberg.
Sessão do Conselho de Estado (Session of the State Council) is an artwork of the genre historical painting made by Georgina de Albuquerque in 1922.
The artwork is part of the collection in exposition of the National Historical Museum of Brazil, in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
It's a work of Brazilian academic art done by a Brazilian woman, when at the time that type of painting was mainly made by men.
It also shows a gender perspective of Brazilian independence, insofar as it highlights the participation of the then princess Maria Leopoldina in the political process of colonial rupture of 1822.
Albuquerque won the prize of the Exposition of Contemporary Art and Retrospective Art of the Independence Centenary, a competition held on the centenary of Brazilian independence.
The prize was the buying of a painting by the federal government, to become part of the collection of the (National School of Fine Arts).
In addition to the table, there are chairs and a console table, over which there is a candelabrum and a clock showing 11 o'clock.
The focus of the painting is Maria Leopoldina, in a meeting with the Council of the Attorneys-general of the Provinces of Brazil, in the Paco Imperial, in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Are present in the meeting José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, the Patriarch of the Independence, with whom Maria Leopoldina interacts, and Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, sitting.
Albuquerque's intention was to portray the moment when the princess, under the advice of José Bonifácio, prepares a letter to Dom Pedro, encouraging him to end Brasil's colonial status.
In 1922, Bertha Lutz and other suffragists organised the First Feminist Congress of Brazil and founded the Brazilian Federation for Women's Progress.
In 1920, she participated in an academical jury for an artistic competition, being the first woman to participate in a jury of this type in Brazil.
The portrayal of the scene from 1822 was done based on research in the (National School of Fine Arts) and the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute.
Therefore, the transition is also present in the painting, insofar as it combines modernism, an artistic movement on the rise at the time, and academicism, which was already in decline.
Also identified were impressionist influences, like the dilution of reality, in which, despite it being possible to recognise the figures, they aren't portrayed precisely.
In that painting, the proclamation of Independence is portrayed based on the heroization of Dom Pedro, with raised sword, in a triumphal scene.
Albuquerque counters the depiction by Pedro Américo by: choosing a woman as central character, inverting the expected position between the characters, with the secondary characters above the protagonist, choosing a impressionist style, and working in the field of historical painting, normally exclusively male.
That contributes to a historiographic current that doesn't presents the end of colonial status as a rupture, but as a gradual national process, during which the State Council guaranteed cohesion and stability.
Albuquerque's painting counters the artwork (1921) (Portrait of Dona Leopoldina of Habsburg and her children), by Domenico Failutti, also made for the celebrations of the Brazilian Independence centenary.
On one hand, in her artwork, Albuquerque seemed to have echoed the feminist struggle by putting the princess in the role of historical subject, contradicting the dominant ideology that only domestic roles are fit for women.
That was actually a declared choice by the then director of the (Paulista Museum) Afonso d'Escragnolle Taunay, when he commissioned the painting to Failutti.
The portrayal of the princess as protagonist of the Independence also contradicts the academicist convention of depicting women as allegories of the nation, violated by colonisation.
Maria Leopoldina, in Albuquerque's perspective, is not a victim or passive character, but an agent in the process of rupture with colonial status.
The painting was selected in 1923, together with artworks by Augusto Bracet, Helios Seelinger and Pedro Paulo Bruno, to be bought by the public art collection, the main prize of this fine arts event with a goal of acquiring works that alluded to the national formation of Brazil.
The selection was made by Flexa Ribeiro, Archimedes Memória and Rodolfo Chambelland, with their task being searching for new iconographic portrayals of historical interpretations of independence.
The artwork, particularly due to its size, lead Albuquerque to consolidate herself as a exponent in the academicist movement in Brazil, specially of the (National School of Fine Arts), of which she became director in 1952.
Furthermore, she is considered exemplar for having consolidated herself as professional painter in a field that until then was fundamentally dominated by men.
2014, Beyeler won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 8, seat B. Beyeler defeated Jocelyn Francis Plass and Mike Barrett with 66.3% of the votes.
The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, serves as the cathedral for the Palmarian Catholic Church, a schismatic Independent Catholic denomination not in communion with the Vatican.
Inside the cathedral there are fifteen chapels dedicated to the Holy Family, the Holy Trinity, St. Francis of Assisi, the Souls in Purgatory, Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Ignatius of Loyola, Christ the King, the Blessed Sacrament, the Queen of Heaven, Saint Dominic, Thérèse of Lisieux, the Nativity of Mary, St. Joseph, Elijah, and Padre Pio.
Luckenbach Steamship Company did not take ownership of the ship, as the United States Shipping Board (USSB) requisitioned all merchant ships under construction or on order in American shipyards.
On 13 August 1919 she departed Brest, France with 30 US Army officers and 846 enlisted men arriving at Hoboken, New Jersey on 4 September 1919.
She returned to Brest, France arriving on 13 September 1919 to bring home 67 officers, 1,699 doughboys soldiers, taking them to New York City quarantine place off Staten Island, arriving on 25 September.
On 17 March 1943 400 miles off of Cape Farewell, Greenland she was hit by torpedoes from German submarine () U-91.
The Barbados Defence Force Band (also known as the Zouave Band), is a musical element of the reserve units that make up the Headquarters Company, Barbados Regiment and the Barbados Defence Force.
The musicians mainly range in ages between 18 and 50 years old and perform several types of music from light classics to Barbadian native music.
It has also participated military events of the Jamaican Defence Force, parading alongside the JDF Band, The Jamaica Regiment Band and Corps of Drums at the request of the JDF.
A full band was raised in 1973 as the Band and Drums of the Barbados Regiment and was fully resuscitated in 1987 for the occasion of the Trooping the Colour parade in Barbados.
It remained active until the early 1990s, and after a brief hiatus, the band was again revived as the Barbados Defence Force Band.
In 1999, an improvement and substantial growth of the band facilitated their first major performance at the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo that year.
The BDF Band traces its history back to the West India Regiment Band, which is considered to be the precursor to most Caribbean military bands under the control of the British Army.
In 1856, a type of uniform was adopted for the regiments, modeled on that of the French Zouaves (see illustration above).
The uniform was first paraded in Barbados in 1858 and subsequently adopted by the Band and Drums of the Barbados Regiment and the Barbados Defence Force Band as a symbolic tribute to the old Band of the West India Regiment.
It comprises a red fez wound by a white turban, scarlet sleeveless jacket with elaborate yellow braiding worn over a long-sleeved white waistcoat, and a dark blue voluminous breeches piped in yellow.
She was immediately struck with the style of the uniform and the British Army to adopt the uniform for one of its regiments, with the honour being conferred onto the West India Regiment.
As a four-year old child, he was pushed by his parents into learning the piano, which he disliked to practice with.
After his voice changed, he left the choir and learnt how to play the guitar, which eventually led him to joining a hardcore punk metal band.
Lange's later interest in Aphex Twin and Nine Inch Nails spiked his interest in recording demos and learning how to produce music.
Lange initially experimented with programming basic beats on Fruity Loops and Acid Pro, later mixing them with his recorded guitar audio.
He is a graduate from the Berklee College of Music, where he studied music synthesis involving composition-based music production and sound design.
While Lange was writing his senior thesis in Berklee at the age of 21, he was introduced to American musician BT by his professor Dr. Boulanger who was BT's mentor.
Prior to that, Lange self-released an IDM and glitch album in 2007 under his alias Altered Tensions, which was influenced by artists Richard Devine and Telefon Tel Aviv.
In 2011, Lange founded his own label, IsoRhythm, in response to his inclinations to release his music without dealing with the schedules and bureaucracies of other labels.
In 2015, Deadmau5's label Mau5trap reached out to Lange upon hearing a techno track he had produced, and Lange responded by sending the label a number of his unreleased techno tracks.
Lange, together with other Mau5trap artists Attlas, Rezz, and Steve Duda, were announced for a collaborative Mau5trap Bus Tour on February 2016.
Piacentile, a right-handed player, competed on the professional tour in the 1980s, reaching a best singles ranking of 195 in the world.
As a doubles player he made three appearance in the main draw of the French Open and won a Challenger title in Salou in 1988.
The station began experiencing financial and personnel turmoil in the late 1970s; when the early 1980s recession hit the region hard, public support fell, and the school board closed the station in 1983.
The St. John School Township filed for a construction permit for a new noncommercial educational TV station licensed to St. John on April 23, 1965.
Originally seeking channel 66, allocated to nearby Gary, the application was amended that summer to reflect an overhauled table of UHF allocations which set aside channel 50 in place of 66.
Lake Central applied for the station after learning it would be cheaper than installing a closed-circuit system and could be paid for with matching federal grants.
Lake Central became the first secondary school in the United States to operate a television station when WCAE began broadcasting on September 26, making it the first educational TV station in Indiana.
Channel 50 immediately demonstrated its interest in serving the northwest Indiana area—which received stations from Chicago—with a newscast and Friday night sports programming, as well as coverage of the Indiana state high school basketball tournament and Indiana University athletics, a news program focusing on events from area high schools, and other informational programming.
In a prank, three teenagers, all students at Lake Central, climbed the tower one day in March and flew a white flag—believed to be a bed sheet—from atop the mast.
Signs were on the horizon of facility and programming improvements, particularly as Indiana began to develop an educational television network and the school worked with Indiana University and Purdue University to be connected to potential educational programming to be produced by the schools.
The Gary National Bank donated $15,000 in equipment—a translator on channel 72—to be installed atop its building in downtown Gary and provide a better signal there.
Channel 50 also slated its first-ever telecast of a Lake Central basketball game in January 1969, and the station also began its annual televised auction, which in later years would become one of WCAE's largest fundraising events.
August brought a microwave installation to link the station with the new Indiana Educational Television Network, originating from Indianapolis; that fall, a television vocational class was added to the Lake Central High School curriculum, and the station joined National Educational Television.
WCAE, which shut down over school breaks, was able to broadcast through the summer for the first time in 1971 thanks to increased funding.
Channel 50 was also one of two PBS stations that received post office approval to change its address to 123 Sesame Street.
The promise of technical improvements for WCAE grew in 1970 when channel 50 was donated five acres of land owned by the American Oil Company in Hammond for a new transmitter site, with plans to convert WCAE to broadcast network shows in color and expand the station's coverage.
However, it would be several years before the facility was constructed, with one delay occurring because WCAE did not apply to local authorities for the necessary permits, halting work for months.
On October 21, 1974, WCAE activated the new tower and color transmitter, including a power increase to 2,372 kilowatts from 14.
The new color transmitter, however, did not come with color cameras and studio equipment, so all of WCAE's local programming remained in black and white.
1978 would prove to be a pivotal year in the history of WCAE, and ultimately, of public broadcasting in northwest Indiana.
In February, station manager John Nelson announced that WCAE would cut all local programming, including its evening newscast and sports programs, because the station's production equipment was in need of replacement and repair and the transmitter was behind on maintenance due to lack of funds; Nelson sought to convert WCAE to full-color operation and immediately began a capital development campaign.
The station's financial problems, detailed in a report by Nelson, spurred probes by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, concerned about the state of the WCAE physical plant, which prompted the station to be off the air at times.
At the same time, a critical development took place: a schism between the Lake Central school board and the station advisory board.
The latter began to advocate for the transfer of the WCAE license to a nonprofit community group, but compromise was forestalled when the school board fired WCAE's development director.
Station board members felt that the operating structure of WCAE did not lend itself to a viable public television station for northwest Indiana; the school board president proposed replacing the entire advisory board and shutting down channel 50 for 30 to 60 days as an alternative.
With a new, more school-board friendly advisory board installed, several former members of the advisory committee formed their own group—Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting—and applied for vacant channel 56.
They soon amended their application to specify channel 62 at Hammond after GWWX-TV, Inc., applied for channel 56 as well, proposing northwest Indiana's first commercial station and part-time subscription television operation.
WCAE remained a pass-through for network programming for more than a year while more than $200,000 in new color equipment was ordered; the only local production in early 1979, a series of high school basketball tournaments, was done with leased equipment.
A new color film chain was inaugurated in June, while money was also spent to add climate and air control at the transmitter site, where air pollution had posed problems for the equipment.
Inland Steel and other donors shied away from supporting the station because it was off the air frequently; a month-long outage in the winter of 1978–79 occurred due to a failure in a heat exchanger, while a short in several feed lines caused another 17-day shutdown in June.
However, support eventually increased, and additional local shows that had been cut in 1978 returned to the schedule in late 1979.
1980 saw another high-profile dispute when all but one of the station's full-time staffers sent a memo to general manager Lou Iaconetti asking for the dismissal of station manager John Jage, 12 days before he resigned.
In May, the station cut its broadcast day due to financial hardships, crimped by reduced federal contributions and a drop in donations, exacerbated by high unemployment in the Calumet Region.
Manager Iaconetti warned that participation in the annual auction had dipped significantly after Lake Central school board member Michael Klausman criticized the station, publicly pleading for it to be transferred from the school corporation.
In September, the school board voted 4–1 to allow WCAE to operate in a deficit, with the station not having enough money to make payroll.
In December, a new contract was signed with teachers, assuming that the money in the 1983 budget set aside for WCAE would not be spent for the station.
Additionally, the cutbacks in broadcasting hours did not save much money, and cutting further would have endangered the station's eligibility for federal grants.
On February 21, 1983, the Lake Central school board unanimously approved a plan from superintendent Thomas Roman to shutter WCAE by April 1, agreeing that their subsidy for channel 50 could be better used toward teachers and supplies.
Station personnel noted that despite being based in northwest Indiana, channel 50 had gotten better support from its viewers in Illinois.
A 1982 report had considered almost 30 of the nearly 300 PBS member stations as in danger of shutting down, but WCAE was the only one that actually folded.
One was Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting, the group formed by ex-WCAE advisory board members, which planned to move the facility from St. John to a more accessible site near a highway.
As the school board canceled its management contract with Iaconetti, the school board selected NIPB's offer over the church and a theater troupe from Park Forest, Illinois and approved the transfer of the license to the community group.
In 1984, Amoco offered to purchase the former WCAE tower, which it used for its own communication needs, from Lake Central.
Fred Eychaner, owner of Chicago's WPWR-TV on channel 60, acquired the construction permit for Gary's channel 56, bearing the call letters WDAI, from Great Lakes Broadcasting—the former GWWX-TV.
He then proposed to Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting that the two parties seek to switch the commercial and noncommercial allocations, so that the unbuilt WDAI construction permit could be relocated to channel 50 from the Sears Tower, while NIPB would operate on channel 56—neither needing nor desiring to operate from the Sears Tower.
NIPB received money in the deal and also was happy to shed itself of any association with the prior channel 50 operation of WCAE.
In November 1984, Eychaner's Metrowest Corporation, the owner of WPWR, alongside Great Lakes, holder of the WDAI construction permit, and Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting petitioned the commission to allow such swaps.
The FCC approved such swaps among channels in the same band, as was the case with the two UHF stations, in March 1986, and in August, the commission issued final orders switching the commercial and noncommercial allocations for Gary.
This allowed Metrowest to proceed with its plan of moving the WPWR-TV intellectual unit from channel 60 to channel 50 while selling the channel 60 license.
Using the WCAE license on channel 56, Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting launched its new station as WYIN on November 15, 1987.
Iaconnetti later returned to the Lake Central school system, teaching physical education in several elementary schools; he died in 1998 after a battle with cancer.
Folger Estate Stable Historic District also known as Jones Ranch, Mountain Home Ranch, is located at 4040 Woodside Road in Woodside, California at Wunderlich Park, with the majority of the historic buildings built between 1905 and 1906.
The historic district is a three acre site with ten buildings, including the main horse stable building, carriage house, stone walls lining the roads, blacksmith barn, and the cold house.
The site of the Folger Estate was a Redwood forest occupied by the Ohlone Native Americans, prior to the arrival of Europeans.
After Brown heavily logged the land (specifically near Folgers Estate) he abandoned the property and it changed ownership more than nine times.
The Jones family had the stone structures (the dairy house and many of the stone walls) built between 1874 and 1902, as well as a wooden house, barn and related buildings which was torn down in the 1970s and 1980s.
A. Folger and Folgers Coffee Company, built the estate and stables between 1905 and 1906, this is considered the historically significant period of architecture (per the National Park Service).
The house and stable were designed by the architectural firm of Schultze and Brown and the design was influenced by French Baroque architecture and the Arts and Crafts movement.
A recent graduate of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, this architectural site was Arthur Brown Jr.'s first California design project and he went on to design San Francisco City Hall, the War Memorial Opera House, and Hoover Tower at Stanford University.
The horse stable consisted of stalls, tack and harness rooms, a carriage room, feed rooms, living quarters for staff, workshop and boiler room, with hay storage on the lofted second floor.
In 1955, the house which is located a half-mile away from the stables was sold as a separate property and is a private residence.
In 1956, the stable and adjoining 940+ acres of land were sold to Martin Wunderlich, who later donated it to the county for a public park.
In 1974, the property became part of Wunderlich Park, with the Folger Estate Stable Historic District occupying 3-acres, within the 945-acre county park.
He was the son of the late Eloise Nelson Livingston, a school teacher from Greensboro, NC and Walter R Livingston, Sr., a lawyer and mechanical engineer from Marianna, FL.
On being honorably discharged he attended the University of Pennsylvania and received a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1949 and a Master of City Planning degree in 1955.
Their love endured for 60 years and together, they had six children, three boys and three girls followed by twelve grandchildren and are also survived by eight great grands and three great-great grandchildren.
In 1960 Mr. Livingston opened his first architecture firm in partnership and continued practicing for nearly fifty years as the senior partner with several firms.
During that time he was responsible for the design of more than three quarters of a billion dollars of construction projects including residential, commercial, institutional and industrial type buildings.
In 1976 his peers honored him when he was invested into the Fellow of the American Institute of Architects for his outstanding contribution to the field of Architecture, the first and only black Philadelphian to receive this honor.
Notable buildings designed by his firms, include the Justice Juanita Kidd Stout Center for Criminal Justice, Zion Baptist Church, the Triumph Baptist Church, the Edison/Fareira High School, the Martin Luther King Recreation Center, the West Branch YMCA, the Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts, the Ada B. George Dining Hall at Cheyney University, a number of mini-rise apartment buildings, and many other buildings.
He was licensed to practice architecture in the states of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Indiana, and certified by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards.
He was a Past President of the Philadelphia Urban League, who in 1994 awarded him the Whitney Young Heritage Award for his contribution to the community.
The Boy Scouts of America awarded him with the Silver Beaver and the Silver Antelope Awards for his dedication and service to youth.
In recognition of extraordinary contributions in public service he was awarded the Jefferson Award by the Evening and Sunday Bulletin in 1978.
In 1980 he was awarded the Leslie Pinckney Hill Centennial Recognition Citation by Cheyney University for his contributions in the field of Architecture and City Planning.
Livingston has served on the boards of Wesley Enhanced Living at Stapeley in Germantown, Southeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Red Cross, Northeast Regional Board and the executive committee of the Cradle of Liberty Council of the Boy Scouts of America, The Presbyterian Foundation for Philadelphia, Berean Institute, Harcum College, and the Philadelphia Housing and Development Corporation.
Additionally Mr. Livingston has served as chairman of the boards of The Philadelphia Tribune Newspaper and the Center Post Housing Development.
He also has served on the boards of the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority, Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation, Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, Youth Study Center of Philadelphia, The Philadelphia Foundation, Southern Home Services, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, the Berean Federal Savings Bank and Charter Vice-president of The University City Swim Club.
Mr. Livingston was a 33-degree mason, a member of the Holy Apostles and the Mediator Church, the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, the Union League of Philadelphia, and the Philadelphia Chapter of Rotary International.
He has served several terms as the mayor of Zaječar and has been a member of the National Assembly of Serbia on three occasions.
Ničić was born in Negotin, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
He was first elected to the Serbian parliament in the 1989 general election, the last to be held while Serbia was a one-party socialist state.
One of the youngest delegates, Ničić was also one of only six representatives to vote against Slobodan Milošević's 1989 constitution, which, among other things, significantly reduced the autonomy of Vojvodina and Kosovo.
Ničić ran under this party's banner for Bor's first constituency in the 1990 general elections and was defeated by Bratislav Dunjić of Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia.
A prominent local opponent of Milošević, Ničić was subsequently held in a pre-trial detention centre for two months in 1994, on suspicion of seeking to induce certain elected officials to abuse their positions.
New Democracy provided support for the Socialist Party in the Serbian assembly beginning in 1993, citing Milošević's professed commitment to securing a peace plan to end the Bosnian War.
The alliance between the Socialist Party and New Democracy later broke down amidst the backdrop of the Kosovo War, and Ničić returned to the political opposition.
New Democracy participated in the 2000 Yugoslavian election as a member of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), a broad coalition of several opposition parties.
(From 2000 to 2011, parliamentary mandates in Serbia were awarded at the discretion of successful parties or alliances, and it was common practice for mandates to be assigned to individual candidates out of numerical order.
Two years later, he worked with mayors of neighbouring communities in Romania and Bulgaria to develop and information exchange system for combatting avian flu.
For the 2007 parliamentary election, he aligned his local party with the Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO) and appeared on its electoral list; this list also failed to cross the electroal threshold to win assembly representation.
He supported Serbian Radical Party candidate Tomislav Nikolić's candidacy in the 2008 Serbian presidential election and later complained that Nikolić never acknowledged his support.
He appeared in the fourth position on the URS's electoral list in the 2012 Serbian election and was elected when the list won sixteen mandates.
His return to the legislature was brief, as he could not by this time hold a dual mandate as a mayor and a member of the assembly; he resigned the latter position on 5 September 2012.
Democratic Party and its allies won sixteen mandates, and Ničić, who received the twenty-third position on their list, was not elected.
In 2010, he was criticized by the South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) for mandating that directors of companies and public institutions in the city could not talk to the media without his prior concent.
In early 2019, he strongly criticized popular protests against a perceived deterioration in the quality of life for Zaječar and Serbia generally.
He played a total of 14 seasons for the club in the Soviet First League and Soviet Second League, making 479 appearances for the club (the second most in all-time).
In 1980, Bychek was part of the SKA squad that achieved a best-ever sixth-place finish in the Soviet First League (the squad was rewarded with a tour of Mozambique).
As a result, he was able to join Soviet Top League club PFC CSKA Moscow where he made 22 appearances in the 1977 season.
He led his former club, SKA from 1988 to 1994, even playing 15 Soviet First League matches during the 1993 season as the club struggled to pay its players.
Sivertsen served as mayor of Lenvik from 2011 to 2019, and has served as State Secretary in the Ministry of Trade and Fisheries from 2019–2020.
The film stars Nizhalgal Ravi, Silk Smitha, Goundamani, Senthil in lead roles with K. K. Soundar, Vasu Vikram portraying supporting roles.
Hawtai Motor manufactured the first-generation Hyundai Santa Fe starting from 2006 which is part of a joint venture that began in 2002.
The second generation Hawtai Shengdafei was powered by a 1.5 liter turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine producing 135 hp and 200 nm of torque and a 2.0 liter turbo-diesel engine.
A facelift for the second generation Hawtai Shengdafei was introduced during the 2017 Shanghai Auto Show slightly updating the exterior and interior of the model.
As of August 2017, the model was launched as the Hawtai Shengdafei 5, with the original Hawtai Shengdafei name being transformed into a whole series of products.
The Hawtai Shengdafei 5 also spawned electric variants including the Hawtai Shengdafei 5XEV 260 and Hawtai Shengdafei 5XEV 480 featuring blue accents that differentiates from the internal combustion engine version.
He dropped out before the end of his freshman year after feeling overwhelmed by the responsibilities of film directing and not being talented enough.
His death on 14 November 2019 was the result of fatal injuries to the head sustained from a brick thrown by the protester during a violent confrontation between two groups in Sheung Shui on 13 November 2019.
However, the group of protesters appeared and argued with the residents who were clearing bricks, after which the violent confrontation between the two sides erupted.
The protesters were dressed in black clothing, wore masks over their faces, and carried umbrellas used as protection for the fight.
On 15 November 2019, people of the public held a memorial in Sheung Shui on the site where the incident occurred to mourn for Luo.
They did not appear publicly namely out of fear for being doxxed and threatened by protesters, but decided to go in public when associations such as the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) committed to escorting them.
On 9 December, Luo's body was transferred from the Hung Hom Universal Funeral Parlor in Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland.
Over hundred thousand people from mainland China, including the Chinese actor Huang Xiaoming, donated to funds set up in support of the families of Luo and a 57-year-old man named Lee Chi-cheung who was set on fire during an argument with protesters.
Meanwhile, Kennedy Wong (Wong Ying-ho), one of the founders of a fund in support of citizens and small and medium-sized enterprises affected by the unrest, said they got in touch with Luo's family and would see how the fund could assist them.
The police collected footage from nearby CCTV cameras to assist with their investigation, but they found that some cameras had been damaged by protesters.
On 13 December 2019, five suspects—three men and two women, aged 15 to 18—were arrested in Sheung Shui and Tai Po in connection with murder as well as wounding and participation in a riot.
The police stated that some of the five suspects threw bricks and wounded people, but that no footage had shown that they threw bricks directly at the now-deceased man.
They remarked that the five could have acted as accomplices in a joint enterprise when it comes to the murder case, but that further legal advice would be sought.
They also said that one of them, a 16-year-old boy, had hurled bricks at a 61-year-old man whose left eye retina was damaged.
The Hong Kong Government said in a statement that they were saddened by the incident and that the police will work to bring the offenders to justice.
The Food and Environmental Hygiene Department expressed profound sadness at the passing of its service worker and said it was providing the necessary assistance to his family.
They reiterated their support for the Hong Kong government and police force, urging them to punish the culprits sternly in accordance to the law.
Ton-That and Clearview AI have been linked with far right/alt-right supporters such as Chuck Johnson, Mike Cernovich, Douglass Mackey, and Paul Nehlen.
Evander Holyfield had defeated Dwight Muhammad Qawi via split decision in July 1986 to capture the WBA cruiserweight title, the first world title of his career.
The first defense of Holyfield's title was announced to be against his 1984 Olympic teammate and gold medalist Henry Tillman, who like Holyfield, had turned pro in late 1984 and become a top prospect in the cruiserweight division, having already won NABF cruiserweight title and sporting a 14–1 record with the only blemish on his professional record being a close decision loss to Bert Cooper.
Before facing Tillman, Holyfield first took a non-title tuneup fight in December 1986 against Mike Brothers (after his previously announced opponent Marcos Geraldo withdrew), easily defeating him by third-round knockout.
The fight would prove to be a mismatch as Holyfield would have little trouble beating Tillman, knocking him down four times during the course of the bout.
After a relatively close first round (which one judge had winning, which would prove to be the only round Tillman would win on any of the three scorecards), Holyfield dropped Tillman early in the second with a left hook.
After Tillman arose and took the mandatory standing eight count, he charged at Holyfield, attempting to trade punches with him though Holyfield continued to pepper Tillman with powerful body shots throughout the round, though Tillman survived the round.
Holyfield would continue to dominate Tillman and in round 7, Holyfield would land an uppercut followed by a left–right uppercut that dropped Tillman to the canvas.
Tillman would again arise and continued though Holyfield continued his attack and soon sent Tillman down again with another left–right combination, though Tillman would answer the 10-count at nine.
Holyfield quickly attacked Tillman with two left hooks that dropped Tillman for the third time in the round, with the three-knockdown rule in effect, the fight was immediately stopped and Holyfield was named the winner by technical knockout at 1:43 of round 7.
Lee Ji-hun (; born 24 March 1994) is a South Korean football defender who plays for Incheon United FC in the top tier of professional football in South Korea, the K League 1.
Born on 24 March 1994, Lee made his debut for Ulsan Hyundai FC on 19 November 2017, playing against Gangwon FC in the K League 1.
Tian Wei (; born February 1959) is a Chinese surgeon and professor and doctoral supervisor at Peking University and Tsinghua University.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and serves as the president and deputy party chief of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital.
Veronica A. Czitrom (also Anne Veronica Czitrom or Verónica Czitróm de Gerez) is a Mexican-American statistician known for her applications of statistics to the quality control of semiconductor manufacturing.
She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a bachelor's degree in physics, continued at Berkeley for a master's degree in engineering, and became a professor of systems engineering and applications at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
After moving to Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing in Singapore, in 2003 she founded a statistical consulting firm in Singapore, Statistical Training & Consulting.
Her accomplishments as chair included the establishment of a scholarship in honor of Mary Gibbons Natrella, funding students to travel to the section's annual conference.
The Junpai D80 or Jumpal D80 is a compact crossover produced by Jumpal or Junpai (骏派), a sub-brand of FAW Group.
The Junpai D80 was available with a single option, a petrol-fueled four-cylinder 1.2 liter producing and of torque, and two gearbox options available including a 6-speed manual gearbox and a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission.
Natalini founded the architectural company Superstudio in 1966 along with Cristiano Toraldo di Francia, Gian Piero Frassinelli, Alessandro and Roberto Magris, and Alessandro Poli.
At the end of the 1970s, Natalini became a member of the Architectural School of Pistoia with Roberto Barni, Umberto Buscioni, and Gianni Ruffi.
He was an honorary member of the Association of German Architects, the Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Architects, the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, the Accademia di Belle Arti di Carrara, and the Accademia di San Luca.
Some of his projects include the Römerberg in Frankfurt, the Western Wall in Jerusalem, the Bank of Alzate Brianza, the Zola Predosa Power Center, and the Saalgasse House in Frankfurt.
Dmitry Lvovich Orlov (in ; 1943–2014) was a Russian banker; the founder, a main shareholder and Chairman of the Management Board of Vozrozhdenie Bank.
By the mid-1990s, after privatization and several additional issues, Orlov collected a blocking stake and began to build a classic commercial bank.
From 1991 to June 2012, he headed the Vozrozhdenie Bank, holding the position of Chairman of the Management Board of the bank.
In 1997, the bank placed ADR on three foreign sites at once, so that Western analysts and investors would know about it.
The preliminary development proposal includes a cordon wall, a garden and a children's park along with a storm water drainage system for the lake.
Domènec Soberano i Mestres (1825, Reus - 1909, Reus) was a Catalan wine merchant who was also an amateur painter and art teacher.
Thanks to an improvement his father invented for the process of making sparkling wine, he was able to travel throughout Europe.
During his trips, he developed an interest in painting techniques and discovered watercolors, which were little known in Catalonia at the time.
Soberano was his first painting instructor and, seeing his great potential, recommended him to the sculptor, , who brought him to Barcelona.
I Live for Krajina () was a regionalist political party in Serbia, centered in Timočka Krajina in the eastern part of the country.
The party contested the 2007 Serbian parliamentary election on the electoral list of the Serbian Renewal Movement, which did not cross the threshold to win representation in the assembly.
Subsequently, Ničić joined with the leaders of several other regionalist parties and G17 Plus to create the United Regions of Serbia alliance.
Ničić subsequently resigned from the assembly on 5 September 2012, as he was also the mayor of Zaječar and could not hold a dual mandate.
The URS failed to cross the electoral threshold in the 2014 Serbian parliamentary election and lost its assembly representation, subsequently dissolving.
Pictilabrus laticlavius, the patrician wrasse, the senator wrasse, the green parrotfish or the purplebanded wrasse is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses.
It is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the south western Pacific Oceans off he temperate coasts of southern Australia.
The head is quite large and is equipped with relatively large eyes and a small mouth in which the upper jaw does not reach the eye.
The jaws are armed withsmall, canine-like teeth, the front pair in the lower jaw and the front two pairs in the upper jawbeing enlarged and recurved and there is and enlarged canine on each side of the posterior end of the upper jaw.
This species has moderately large, cycloid svales which are firmly attached and which cover its body, although the head is naked apart from one to three rows scales on the cheek and eight to ten large scales on the gill cover.
The caudal fin is truncate while the pectoral fins are short and rounded and the pelvic fins are aloe short and are positioned with their origins underneath the base of the pectoral fins and do not reach the vicinity of the anus.
The females and juveniles are reddish to greenish-brown in colour and have a row of black spots above their lateral line as well as 4-5 blackish bars on their lower flanks and a black spot on the posterior portion of the dorsal fin.
This is a carnivorous species and its prey includes a variety of invertebrates including gastropods, amphipods and small shrimps and crabs.
The spawining season depends on locale, occurring earlier in the Spring farther north and later in the cooler waters of the southern parts of its range.
In 3 years they can reach a total length of and they live for at least 4.8 years and they may live as long as 10 years.
They change sex from female to male when they attain a total length of approximately , which is at an age of around 2 years old in New South Wales and may take between at least 3 and 5 plus years in Tasmania.
Sarah Mukethe Kiatine (born 08 February 1994), better known by her stage name Monski, is a Kenyan hip hop rapper,singer and song writer .
Monski was born in Nairobi, Kenya in a speeding taxi en route to Pumwani Hospital, She is ethnically Akamba and was Orphaned at a young age, Monski studied at Baba Dogo primary school, St Benedict primary school and Beadom Primary School in Nairobi.
Her recording career began in 2014 after she recorded and uploaded a set of demos on soundcloud; receiving positive reviews and requests from a growing fan base to release more and was soon booking gigs while also getting airplay from Kenyan hip-hop radio shows.
Monski describes her music as raw wordplay rap and experimental , mixing oldschool hiphop and new school sounds.In 2019 she was selected as one of Mr Eazis empawa 100 artist, a talent incubation initiative to nurture and support up-and-coming artistes in Africa.
Because of her father's position in the Navy, the family moved frequently, including stints in Corpus Christi, Texas and San Diego, California, as well as two years in Izmir, Turkey, where Gailey spent part of middle school and high school.
Gailey received a BA in Psychology from UCLA, a Masters in Education and Social Policy from Harvard University, and a MFA in Screenwriting from UCLA Graduate School of Theatre & Television.
In December 2019, she published the coffee table book Ōde, under the publishing house, St. Ōde Press, she co-founded with Sara Cunningham Farish.
After decades of living in Los Angeles, she now lives on the remote island of Orcas and is active in the Pacific Northwest literary community.
It was established in 1877 as the Palouse Gazette and merged with other newspapers in the city in the early 20th century, adopting its current name in 1989.
The newspaper was established during the Nez Perce War, which brought settlers in the Palouse in conflict with the indigenous tribes of the region.
The newspaper expended to a four-page, nine-column layout in 1887, making it the largest in the Washington Territory at the time.
Christy Grimshaw (born 8 November 1995) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French Division 1 Féminine club Metz.
She left the club after that season to pursue her studies in USA and represented Barry Buccaneers in college soccer for five seasons.
In September 2016, the group Accor announced the launch of a new hotel brand, Jo&Joe, a new open house experience geared for the Millennials.
In 2018, Accor announced the 2020 opening of a 350-bed Jo&Joe hotel in Largo do Botícario architectural complex in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and another 2020 opening of a 160-bed Jo&Joe hotel on rue Buzenval in Paris, France.
In 2019, the opening of a new Jo&Joe in London’s Rex Cinema was announced, along with openings in Dubai, Thailand, and in the new City Ikea in Vienna.
In 1947, Contout left South America for Paris, where he studied science and mathematics at the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3.
He wrote numerous tales and poems in Creole, many of which have been published by the Matoury-based publisher Ibis Rouge Editions.
He served as President of the French Economic, Social and Environmental Council from 1975 to 1983 and later led the Culture, Education and Environment Council.
Contout was a Commander of the Ordre national du Mérite and was President of the Association of the Ordre national du Mérite de Guyane.
The collège République de Cayenne was renamed collège Auxence Contout in tribute to Contout servitude as Principal at the school for 22 years.
The 2019–20 season will be Tatabánya KC's 48th competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 77th year in existence as a handball club.
According to the Laogai Research Foundation, the Dongguan Prison opened in November 1988 as Shilong Prison, and was given its present name in 1995.
The prison complex was expanded in the subsequent decades, so that it now occupies most of Xinzhou (), an island in the East River upon which the prison is situated.
A German ex-prisoner said that the prisoners were forced to work nine-hour days, six or seven days a week, manufacturing model Porsche cars, Samsonite-branded luggage locks, and transformers.
Several ex-inmates described torture and abuse of prisoners, including the strapping of prisoners to a torture chair for days or weeks, and electric shocks.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
The duty was formally applied to U.S. military personnel as article III of the 1955 Code of the United States Fighting Force, which remains in effect.
A duty to escape is a requirement for service personnel, particularly officers, to attempt to escape back to their own lines if taken prisoner of war by enemy forces.
Parole was an arrangement whereby the officers would be granted their additional privileges or freedoms in exchange for promising not to attempt to escape to take up arms against their captors.
In this instance the prohibition of parole was not intended to maintain the officer's duty to escape but to ensure that they remained with and cared for, their captured men.
There was never an official duty for service personnel to try to escape captivity, though there might have been an unofficial expectation that officers would consider attempting escape if possible.
In fact, it has been estimated that some two-thirds of British prisoners of war were generally content with their situation and made no attempt to escape during their time in captivity.
Despite this, the German military courts who tried escaping Allied officers generally accepted the excuse that it was each man's duty to attempt to escape.
With the exception of those that were executed extrajudicially by the Gestapo, recaptured prisoners of war were likely to face only a period in solitary confinement or transfer to a punishment camp.
He later stated that he considered his duty as senior officer to the men under his command supplanted any personal duty to escape.
This has since been referred to as Colonel Devereux's doctrine and likened to the captain's duty to go down with the ship.
On 17 August 1955 U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued executive order 10631 with implemented the Code of the United States Fighting Force, a code of conduct for U.S. military personnel.
This code includes, for the first time, a requirement for U.S. prisoners of war to attempt to escape and to assist the escapes of others, covered by article III of the code.
Article IV governs the conduct of senior officers of troops held in captivity and the duties of sub-ordinates to follow their orders.
There has been discussion as to how to resolve conflicts between the two duties; for example, if a senior officer orders his men not to escape.
U.S. officers have been prosecuted for issuing such orders, which have been interpreted as unlawful for prohibiting subordinates from carrying out their duty under article III.
However, such an order may be lawful if the escape exposes other prisoners to an unreasonable risk or jeopardizes the planned escape of a larger group of men.
The U.S. code of conduct has since been supplemented with two additional versions applicable in peacetime for personnel captured by foreign governments or terrorists.
Lisa Barbier Cristiani (December 24, 1827 – October 24, 1853), also known as Lise Cristiani or Elise Cristiani, was a French cellist and performer known for being one of the earliest recorded instances of a woman becoming a professional in the field.
Born in Paris, it is believed that Cristiani was of Italian descent, though little more is known of her early years.
She did eventually become a cello apprentice to Edouard Benazet and had her concert debut on February 14, 1845 at the Salle des Concerts Herz.
Because of how the cello is played, with the large frame between one's legs, the women's fashion of the era of dresses made playing the instrument directly impossible.
So it was not until the development of the endpin to lift the frame off the floor that play by women became more common.
It has been claimed in various publications that Cristiani may have been a primary early popularizer of the endpin and led to its increased use in Europe and the rise of a new wave of female cellists in the decades after her death.
Cristiani was also well known for the uniqueness of her cello, a 1700 Stradivarius with her name carved into the side.
Cristiani was one of the earliest professional female musical performers of this era and began playing numerous concerts in her late teenage years.
Her level of play caught the attention of and the support of composer Felix Mendelssohn in 1845 during a concert in Leipzig.
After this time period, Cristiani began a musical tour of Europe that resulted in further fame and her eventual travel to Russia where she played for a number of concerts.
Several years later, in 1852, while visiting the home of historian Nikolai Markevitch in Kiev, she met fellow cellist Adrien-François Servais.
The three of them spent some time in the city practicing their music with each other and Cristiani's association with Servais only heightened her fame in the region.
Not long after, in the fall of 1853, she began a new trek across the Siberian wilderness to the Kamchatka Peninsula for another tour in the region, being the first European to give public concerts in the remote cities of the North Asian continent.
Before that, she performed in the small town of Tobolsk, but resulted soon after with a case of cholera and had to stop in Novocherkassk where she died on October 24, 1853.
To do this, in 1968–1969 she returned to Ecuador and excavated a number of graves in Carchi Province, recovering and reassembling the pottery, analyzing the pottery styles, and using radiocarbon dating to establish their age.
In 1976 she married Larry McLerran, then a physicist postdoc at MIT, whose subsequent career took them to at a number of physics research labs and departments: SLAC, University of Washington, Fermilab, University of Minnesota, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and University of Washington again.
It tells the true story of a hill in Yuma, Arizona, where McLerran's mother and her friends created a play town in 1915.
As a result of the book, the area was made into a city park in 2000, and an annual Roxaboxen Festival was celebrated.
John Hickey (3 December 1661 - 24 September 1723) was an Anglican priest in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
The Changhe Freedom (福瑞达) is a five- to eight-seater Microvan and a two- to five- seater pickup truck made by Changhe.
The engine option for the Changhe Freedom includes a 1.0 liter inline-four engine producing 60hp and a 1.0 liter inline-four engine producing 95hp, both mated to a 5 speed manual transmission.
The Changhe Freedom K21 and K22 are the pickup truck variants of the Changhe Freedom microvan, with the K21 being the single cab and the K22 being the crew cab model.
Furusho, a left-handed player, made the second round of the 1988 Athens Open but made most of his Grand Prix/ATP Tour main draw appearances as a doubles player.
In the 1990s he switched his nationality and played in three Davis Cup ties for Japan, under the name Daijiro Furusho.
Chakaltor (also spelled Chakaltore) is a village and a gram panchayat in the Purulia I CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Chakaltor had a total population of 4,461, of which 2,306 (52%) were males and 2,155 (48%) were females.
Tyson Andrews, Bureta Faraimo and Matt Minto were all signed by NRL clubs, captain Jardine Bobongie returned to local rugby league, while North Queensland Cowboys players Michael Morgan and Jason Taumalolo became regular first graders.
Changes is the upcoming fifth studio album by Canadian singer Justin Bieber, scheduled to be released on February 14, 2020, by Def Jam Recordings/RBMG.
On October 27, 2019, Bieber announced that he would only drop his upcoming studio album before Christmas if his Instagram post reaches 20 million likes.
It is planted as a shade tree in cities in the Rockies, preferring to grow at elevations between 4,500 and 8,500 ft.
The Founders' Memorial is a planned memorial to the founders of Singapore, to be built within the Bay East Garden of the Gardens by the Bay.
Lee Kuan Yew had made it clear that he did not want a monument to himself, and his will specified that his house at 38 Oxley Road was to be demolished.
It was a multi-racial team who complemented one another’s strengths, trusted one another implicitly, and through their joint efforts created a prosperous, fair and just society in Singapore.
One idea that has been suggested is to have a memorial for all of the founding fathers, perhaps coupled with an exhibition gallery to honour their legacy and educate future generations.
A founder’s memorial need not be a grand structure, but it must stand for our ideals, our values, our hopes and aspirations.
It should be a place where we and future generations can remember a key period in our history, reflect on the ideals of our founding fathers, and pledge to continue their work of nation building.
The Changhe Haitun (海豚) is a 5 to 8 seater microvan built and sold in China by the Chinese automaker Changhe.
Based on the cab-over Changhe CH6353 series, the Changhe Haitun has the front axle moved forward while the body behind the B-pillars remained the same.
The engine for the Changhe Haitun CH6370C is a 1051cc inline-four engine producing 38.5kW and the engine for the Changhe Haitun CH6370A is a 970cc inline-four engine producing 35kW, both mated to a 5 speed manual transmission.
In 2020, there were 6 World Series events and one finals event, which has this year been moved from Amsterdam, Netherlands to Salzburg, Austria.
Two new venues made their debuts with New York City replacing Las Vegas for the US Darts Masters, and Copenhagen being the venue for the inaugural 2020 Nordic Darts Masters.
Fallon Sherrock will appear at all 6 World Series events as a PDC representative, making her the first woman to participate in any World Series event.
The athletics competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines took place at the New Clark City Athletics Stadium in New Clark City.
The M-Electrolyte 25th South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships 2019 were held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 4 to 9 June 2019.
The Battle of Mezőlivádia was a military engagement fought between Romanian and Central Powers (German and Austro-Hungarian) forces during the Romanian Campaign of the First World War.
This battle is notable for being the first Central Powers counterattack against the Romanian invasion of Transylvania, as well as the first military engagement during the Battle of Transylvania to involve German forces.
On 29 August, the Jiu Covering Force of the I Corps of the Romanian 1st Army (General Ioan Culcer) occupied the crucial Transylvanian coal-mining center at Petrozsény (Petroșani).
On 5 September, the first German unit to arrive in Transylvania - the lead regiment of the 187th Division, also numbered the 187th - unloaded at Marosillye (Ilia).
The 187th Regiment, with the exception of its III Battalion, was moved to Mezőlivádia on 8 September, to reinforce the Austro-Hungarian 144th Infantry Brigade (Colonel Ludwig Berger).
Also on 8 September, the German XXXIX Reserve Corps (General Hermann von Staabs) assumed responsibility for the operations in the southern region of Transylvania.
According to post-war Austrian military maps, the Central Powers front on 14 September ran just outside Puj, immediately to the northwest of the village.
By 12 September, three-fourths of the distance between the Transylvanian border and the vital junction of Hátszeg (Hațeg) had been covered by the Romanians.
He sent to Puj another regiment (the 189th), the artillery of the 187th Division and a Bavarian light infantry regiment, the first unit of the Alpenkorps to arrive in Transylvania.
Thanatotheristes (meaning 'reaper of death' in Greek) is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of Laramidia, approximately 80.1-79.5 Ma.
The length of the skull has been approximated to be ~800mm, as the holotype individual was not osteologically mature at the time of death.
The Haima 8S was powered by a 1.6 liter turbo inline-four petrol engine producing 195hp mated to a 6-speed manual gearbox or a 6-speed semi-automatic gearbox.
He joined Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in 2010, and was elected President of its Sindh Chapter in March 2013 and the Chairman of Insaf Professionals Forum-Sindh.
He lost his seat (PS-7 Ghotki-III) to the Pakistan Peoples Party’s Sardar Ahmed Ali Khan Pitafi in the 2008 general elections and did not contest the 2013 general elections.
The clip shows Martin walking in front of an armoured vehicle while police in riot gear face off against what appears to be a citizen protest.
The tension is palpable, but what unfolds is a massive street party as the protest turns into a celebration, the police dropping their helmets and weapons to join in.
He has been poerforming in several musical and cultural shows and programs held in all over the country since many decates.
The 12 tracks, all re-recordings of Top 40 UK singles originally released between 1992 and 1998, were recorded on 8 November 2019 at Abbey Road Studios, London, England.
Chris A. Jansen (born October 27, 1966) is a Dutch politician, who currently is a member of the House of Representatives.
Besides, he became a member of the States of Flevoland the year after, rising to the position of party leader of the province in 2013.
He remained loyal to Geert Wilders, founder of the PVV, after he held a speech in which he asked a crowd whether they would want more or fewer Moroccans, being the only member of the party in Almere to not distance himself from the speech.
After his education, he worked for about 20 years in the telecommunications and IT industries according to his profile as a states-provincial member.
Jansen has noted that he decided to become involved in politics in 2009 as a result of the trial of Geert Wilders, which Jansen regarded as a trial against the freedom of speech.
He first ran for political office during the 2010 municipal elections in the city Almere, where he was on place seven of the PVV's party-list.
The Party of Freedom participated in the elections in two municipalities in the Netherlands, marking the first time the party took part in any municipal election.
Jansen received 179 preferential votes and became a member of the council in March, as his party won a plurality of 9 out of 39 seats.
During the next municipal election in 2014, Jansen was re-elected as the second person on the PVV's party-list, while the party remained the largest party with again nine seats.
All PVV councilmen in Almere except for Jansen distanced themselves from Wilders' statements a few days later, causing Jansen to declare in an interview on Radio 1 Journaal that he was the only PVV councilman left in Almere and that the other eight would have to continue under a different party.
He was subsequently expelled from the municipal PVV caucus because of those statements and because the caucus leader said Jansen was following his own course.
Usually a term as chair lasts two years, but Jansen remained in the position until 2017, as an investigation was still ongoing.
Jansen was again a candidate during the 2018 municipal election and was re-elected for a third term as the fourth person on the party-list.
However, his party slid down to become the third biggest party in Almere, receiving 6 out of an increased 45 seats.
Because of his position as party leader in Flevoland, Jansen was also involved in finding candidates for his party for other municipalities in his province.
However, a local party dropped out of the formation at the last moment, and a coalition without the PVV was made.
He vacated his seat in the Almere municipal council during his third term in January 2019 after being appointed member to the House of Representatives.
Besides serving in the Almere council, Jansen has served for a number of years on the seven member executive board of the Flevoland branch of the Association of Dutch Municipalities.
Jansen became the PVV's party leader in the States in June 2013, after his predecessor Joram van Klaveren resigned because he could no longer combine the position with his membership of the House of Representatives.
The coalition that was formed fell in February 2018, because three of its four members resigned after they lost confidence in their fourth member, Ad Meijer.
Before that, the former three had tried to remove Meijer through a motion of no confidence in the States of Flevoland.
When the Van Geel Commission came out with its advice about the surplus of large herbivores in the nature reserve Oostvaardersplassen later in 2018, Jansen opposed the proposed shooting of animals and instead advocated using birth control to decrease the population.
His party won twenty seats and he personally received 382 preferential votes, the majority of which came from his home province of Flevoland.
Jansen was also on place nine on the party-list for the 2019 Dutch Senate election, but the PVV received only five seats.
In October 2019, MP Sietse Fritsma stepped down to start a business, resulting in Jansen becoming a member of the House of Representatives.
Jansen was sworn in on November 27, 2019, and he indicated that he planned to resign from his other political positions.
Two people were in front of Jansen in the line of succession, Karen Gerbrands and Robert Housmans, but both turned down the position; Gerbrands had resigned from the position of MP the year before and had criticized the party, and Housmans refused because he had recently become a member of the provincial-executive of Limburg.
During his political career, he has also opposed Islamization and the construction of new mosques in Almere, and he has said he would like the government to revoke passports of criminal immigrants with multiple citizenship.
Jansen has also objected to some forms of or increases in government spending; he has opposed proposals to increase cultural subsidies in Flevoland, was against spending €470 million on the development of Nieuw Land National Park, and has criticized environmental subsidies leading to the construction of many windmills in the province.
He has acknowledged the existence of climate change, but called it a natural process that has been going on throughout history and has denied human activity as a major cause.
Furthermore, he has asked for more transparency in the public financing of the exposition Floriade 2022, planned to be held in Almere.
He has also accused the municipality of including part of the event's costs in other proposals to make the total costs seem smaller.
The Weiwang 205 is based on the same platform as the first product at the brand launch, the 306, and it is a typical Chinese minivan or mianbaoche.
Launched in November 2012, the available engines include a 1.0L inline-four producing 61hp and 87nm of torque and a 1.3L inline-four producing 81hp and 102nm of torque with both engines mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox.
The first seeds Daphne Akhurst and Esna Boyd defeated the fourth seeds Kathleen Le Messurier and Dorothy Weston 6–3, 6–1 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.
Friedrich Haug (Johann Christoph Friedrich Haug, born March 9, 1761 in Niederstotzingen, † January 30, 1829 in Stuttgart) was a German official and poet.
In 2008, McGregor established the Taylor Bennett Foundation, a charity that encourages black, Asian and minority ethnic people to consider a career in communications and PR.
She was a founding member of the 30% Club, which campaigns for more women on the boards of FTSE 100 companies.
She represented El Salvador at the age of 15 at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona in the 200 metre freestyle, 400 metre freestyle and 800 metre freestyle competing in the heats.
Marenco represented El Salvador at the Central American Games and the Central American and Caribbean Swimming Championships on a number of occasions.
At the 1994 Central American Games hosted in her home country, she was considered such a good medal hope in the freestyle event the then President of El Salvador Alfredo Cristiani attended her competition.
She got her education with a BA in French and English, an MA in Journalist and a diploma in the History of European Painting.
In 2003 Leach began working for The Sunday Times Ireland edition and since then has served as the paper's longest running art critic.
She is a judge on the Hearsay International Audio Arts Festival and was a judge on the Hennessy Portrait Prize in its first year, 2014.
Leach also works as a lecturer in critical Journalism and has taught in the University of Limerick and University College Dublin.
The 2020 Women's Six Nations Championship is the 19th series of the Women's Six Nations Championship, an annual women's rugby union competition between six European rugby union national teams.
Matches are held in February and March 2020, on the same weekends as the men's tournament, if not always the same day.
The Tasseled Cap coefficients used in the linear equation of the Tasseled Cap transformation are sensor specific and therefore, were derived for each sensor system.
Margarete Seemann aka Margmann (July 26, 1893 – June 6, 1949) was an Austrian poet who wrote many books but is known for her poems for children.
Seemann was born in Vienna in 1893, one of the five children of a train attendant from South Moravia and a mother from Vienna.
As such, she was confronted with the reality of social and material hardship in the Viennese labor districts, she taught in Hernals and has lived in Meidling from 1937.
Margarete Seemann developed bone cancer in 1937, from which she died in 1949 and she was buried in the Hetzendorfer cemetery, where she received an honorary grave from the city of Vienna.
This outcrop of Middle Devonian shale (Eifelian: ± 397 million years) is notable for the quantity and good state of preservation of its fossils.
The deposit was frequently visited by paleontologists due to the profusion of fossils, the diversity of species, plus the quality of their preservation.
The nature reserve was created in 1991 to regulate uncontrolled exploitation of the site and to allow conservation and study of fossils.
Part of the collections are kept at the Bogny-sur-meuse Museum of fossils and minerals (Musée des fossiles et minéraux de Bogny-Sur-Meuse) with the help of the Mineralogical and Paleontological Association of Bogny-sur-Meuse (Association Minéralogique et Paléontologique de Bogny-Sur-Meuse) who have assembled the collections allowing researchers to study these fossils today.
The reserve is located in Vireux-Molhain in the Ardennes (Pointe de Givet), on the northern slope of the Viroin valley, a few kilometers from its junction with the Meuse, in the Calestienne narrow limestone strip.
Customs Wall (Mur des Douaniers) is an outcrop of rocks, formation of which began in Lower Eifelian, a period of Middle Devonian (Primary or Paleozoic era).
The sedimentary layers were subsequently folded and subjected to temperature and pressure constraints during the orogeny of the Ardennes massif (Hercynian cycle).
In more modern times, the Meuse and its tributaries have dug deep valleys in the plateau, revealing this outcrop of shales.
Until the beginning of the century, the layers of Customs Wall were considered to belong to Assise de Bure and date from Lower Couvinian (Emsian).
The revision of the geological map of Givet and recent studies have shown that they belong to the Jemelle formation (Member of the Vieux Moulin) of Lower Eifelian.
Seymour Boyers (October 9, 1926 – January 7, 2019) was an American politician who served in the New York City Council from 1962 to 1965 and in the New York State Assembly from the 24th district from 1967 to 1968.
The Chelsea Publishing Company was a publisher of mathematical books, based in New York City, founded in 1944 by Aaron Galuten while he was still a graduate student at Columbia.
Its initial focus was to republish important European works that were unavailable in the United States because of wartime restrictions, such as Hausdorff's Mengenlehre, or because the works were out of print.
The Home Team Science and Technology Agency (Abbreviation: HTX) is a statutory board formed under the Ministry of Home Affairs to develop science and technology capabilities for Home Team operations.
The Home Team Science and Technology Agency (HTX) was first announced on 19 February 2019 during the Budget, which was to be set up by the end of 2019.
The HTX was formed on 1 December 2019 and launched the following day by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, with HTX showcasing its new technologies.
It would focus on areas such as surveillance, forensics, chemicals, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives threats, as well as robotics and unmanned systems.
Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, Lucknow (often called Jaipuria School, Lucknow) is a co-educational day and boarding private school from the Nursery to IX grades, located in the Sushant Lok, Golf City Lucknow.The School is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Delhi.
Each House is supervised by a House incharge assisted by a team of teachers and office bearers of students’ council in managing the day to day commitment.
Mr. Shishir Jaipuria is the Chairman of Jaipuria Group of Educational Institutions comprising 14 institutions including K-12 schools, pre-schools and business management institutions – delivering the complete education ecosystem – from nursery to post-graduation programs.
As an industrialist, he is serving as CMD, Ginni Filaments Ltd, an integrated traditional textile company that holds a large share of the technical textile market in India.
The 24th South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships 2018 were held in Naga City, Philippines, from 4 to 8 July 2018.
The Eastern Goldfields Trades and Labour Council was a trades and labour council (TLC) based in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia.
The AMAA Who’s Who in the Martial Arts Hall of Fame is a hall of fame which honors martial artists, they are inducted through the Who’s Who Legends Award once a year.
At least 800 nominations of martial artists were received out of those 250 had the honor to be inducted into the AMAA Who’s Who Legends Hall of Fame.
In its 380 pages the book tells the stories of 200 martial artists from every corner of the world whom have contribute to their community.
Bowen believes it is an awareness tool for parents and students to understand what the martial arts are about but more importantly to know the instructors that can properly help them improve the quality of their lives or their kids.
In the year 2001 it opened a flagship store and studio in the northern area of the city, in a building designed by Shin Takamatsu Architect and Associates Co, Ltd.
In the year 2009 the flagship store and head office were relocated to a new building designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando, near the intersection of Tominokoji and Sanjō streets.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Kenneth N. Browne (June 25, 1923 – February 22, 2000) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1965 to 1968.
The parish contains a country house, which is listed together with associated structures, and all the other listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings.
Based on allegations that the six officials, namely former Fisheries minister Bernhardt Esau, Justice Minister Sacky Shanghala, James Hatuikulipi, Tomson Hatuikulipi, Ricardo Gustavo and Pius Mwatelulo had corruply acquired $15 Million in bribes from Icelandic fishing company Samherji, their involvement in Namibia's biggest corruption scandal become dubbed as the Fishrot Six, an investigation by The Namibian, Aljazeera and the Iceland State Television.
The scandal came to light following revelations by a former Samheji Executive who blew the whistle by leaking thousands of documents to WikiLeaks and cable news network Al Jazeera, who later instituted their own investigation, naming it 'Anatomy of Bribery'.
Many allies of the SWAPO Party however viewed the release of the documents as a means to distabilize the liberation movement among voters as it was an election period.
The ruling SWAPO went on to have its lowest achievement in any election since 1990, losing its parliamentary two-third majority and a series of local authority elections.
In a documentary on Aljazeera, former fisheries minister Bernhardt Esau is seen requesting for a double sim Chinese iPhone from an undercover journalist claiming it is difficult for authorities to hatch such a phone.
The former minister is further seen asking for a bribe of $170 000 dollars and then requests it be rounded off to $200 000 to help fund the SWAPO Party.
On 22nd January 2020, a close ally of James Hatuikulipi was arrested by the Anti Corruption Commission for allegedly trying to bribe a police officer to release ATM cards of the Fishrot Six.
Previoulsy, a girlfriend and former colleague of Sacky Shangala was also arrested for trying to remove documents from the former justice minister's home.
The Fishrot scandal received public outcry and outrage from activists, opposition politicians and ordinary Namibians who blamed the SWAPO Party and particularly, President Hage Geingob for not being active in tackling corruption.
She succeeded Martin Ivens in January 2020.. She attended the Armand Hammer United World College of the American West in Montezuma, New Mexico (USA) from 1983 to 1985, and then studied at Oxford University to read PPE.
Shiva Vishnu Hindu Temple of Greater Cleveland is a Hindu Temple in Parma, Ohio and serves the Hindu population of the Greater Cleveland Area.
Several locations were looked at such as an abandoned building in North Royalton, Ohio but plans were aborted in North Royalton due to the community's negative perception of Hindus.
In March 1989, the burned out building was remodeled using $350,000 to have an upper level and a walkout lower level.
In 1997, the temple was remodeled yet again to accommodate the growing Hindu Population and expanded to 32 Acres, costing an estimated $20 million.
An alter of Ganesh is right outside the Shiva alter and Durga and Laxmi are in the middle of the Shiva and Vishnu Alter.
It will be the 2nd edition of the Córdoba Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2020 ATP Tour.
During the period the Research Centre functions numerous academic events (memorial lectures and International Conferences in Memory of Omeljan Pritsak) were held.
The heritage, collected by Omeljan Pritsak for 70 years, contains manuscripts, printed editions, publications, historical sources, archival documents and artistic and cultural monuments on philosophy, linguistics, world history, Oriental Studies, Slavic Studies, Scandinavian Studies, archeology, numismatics etc.
On 16 January 2020, she was named in New Zealand's Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) and Women's One Day International (WODI) squad against against South Africa.
Later the same month, she was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia.
Cramer, the son of a governmental master builder, was born in Hamburg and spent his school time in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland).
After his Abitur in 1920 he studied three semesters of philosophy directed by Richard Hönigswald and Siegfried Marck at the University of Breslau.
After the dismissal of Rademacher in the process of the Gleichschaltung, Cramer became an assistant of Werner Schmeidler at the mathematical institute.
Moritz Löwi, a Jewish teacher and friend of Cramer, persuaded him to stay, that he would be able to act as someone unsuspected.
The reasons for this unusual long duration of the procedure cannot be reconstructed in detail, but it seems that Cramer did not appear to be an ideal member of the Party.
Cramer did not yield to the pressure by Faust to cease the contact with Richard Hönigswald and his circle of students or to support the removal of his Catholic colleague Bernhard Rosenmöller.
In fact, neither did Cramer appear politically in public during the Nazi Regime, nor did he contribute anything to a National Socialist philosophy.
Students of Cramer, who later became professors themselves, were, among others, the Hegel scholar Hans-Friedrich Fulda and Reiner Wiehl, an expert on Whitehead.
Due to Cramer's low academic position they usually did not write their theses under his supervision, but rather under that of Hans-Georg Gadamer in Heidelberg.
Thus his systematic starting point was always the critical engagement with Transcendental idealism and Kant, together with some inspiration from the Monadology of Leibniz.
His key thought was here, that transcendental philosophy as an analysis of subjectivity cannot fulfill its task, if it does not investigate the subject in its Being, especially its temporality.
However, one should be aware that, although Cramer started to work on the topic of old metaphysics, he did not present a full-sized, complete ontology like the systems before Kant.
His engagement with the question of the Absolute particularly involves a critical examination of Spinoza, Kant's rejection of the proofs for the existence of God and philosophers of German Idealism.
It was Cramer's goal to show how the Absolute can be thought as determining everything, but leaving at the same time freedom for contingent otherness.
In particular this should happen without any reference to contingent being, because otherwise the Absolute would stand under the conditions of the contingent.
It will be the 33rd edition of the event, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2020 ATP Tour.
Tal Revivo (12 November 1987 – present), aged 32, is a versatile digital creator in multifarious sectors creating content in the domains ranging from fashion ,travel, food and inclusive of governmental organisation to multitudinous others, majorly photos and videos.
Tal Revivo was designated as a medic in the army , when he commenced his army service years after the culmination of his High School education.
He spent three years in the army service and got admitted to the college and was intimately involved with the Marketing Business Manangement for 3+ years.
He acquired his first job as a digital content creator from l’occitane who sent him a package of the men products and was requested to shoot for the brand.
The ghetto was created in September 1941 and encompassed the north-eastern part of the city, as well as the nearby villages of Parczew, Sikorka and Słowiki.
In June 1942, it was liquidated by the Germans, and most of its inhabitants were killed in gas chambers, most likely in the Auschwitz II Birkenau extermination camp.
In 1903, she returned to Italy where she married Riccardo Pettinella, a Milan conductor and voice teacher, using the name Parsi-Pettinella for her performances at La Scala.
Armida Parsi-Pettinella died in Milan on 9 January 1949 at the Casa di Riposo per Musicisti founded by Giuseppe Verdi for retired opera singers.
The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire is a 2012 book by Ted Gioia documenting what he considers to be the most important tunes in the jazz repertoire.
The book features a range of jazz standards in alphabetical order, from Broadway show tunes by the likes of George Gershwin and Irving Berlin, to the standards of esteemed jazz musicians such as Duke Ellington, John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Thelonious Monk, Wayne Shorter and Charles Mingus.
Gioia states that he was inspired to write the book due to the difficulties he encountered as an aspiring jazz musician in his youth when he would turn up to jam sessions and feel embarassed at not knowing the tunes and not having a list or some kind of reference he could use to learn to expected repertoire.
The 2020 Maharashtra Open (also known as the Tata Open Maharashtra for sponsorship reasons) is a 2020 ATP Tour tennis tournament to be played on outdoor hard courts.
It will be the 25th edition of the only ATP tournament played in India and will take place in Pune, India, from 3 February through 9 February 2020.
The film stars Nizhalgal Ravi, Saranya Ponvannan, Aishwarya, Janagaraj, Sumithra, Goundamani, Senthil in lead roles with Vasu Vikram, Shanmugasundari portraying supporting roles.
On 22 November 1942, it was renamed as 25th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, from 1946 — 25th Guards Transport Aviation Regiment.
Dopamine fasting is the practice of temporarily abstaining from addictive technologies such as social media, listening to music on technological platforms, and Internet gaming, and can be extended to temporary deprivation of social interaction and eating.
It is based on a misunderstanding of how the neurotransmitter dopamine, which operates within the brain to reward behavior, actually works and can be altered by conscious behavior.
The idea behind it is to take a break from the repetitive patterns of excitement and stimulation that can be triggered by interaction with digital technology, and that the practice of avoiding pleasurable activities can work to undo bad habits, allow time for self-reflection, and bolster personal happiness.
According to Cameron Sepah, a proponent of the practice, the purpose is not to avoid dopamine but rather to reduce impulsive behaviors that are rewarded by dopamine.
One account suggest that the practice is about avoiding cues, such as hearing the ring of a smartphone, that can trigger impulsive behaviors, such as remaining on the smartphone after the call to play a game.
The practice of dopamine fasting is not clearly defined in what it entails, on what technologies, with what frequency it should be done, or how it is supposed to work.
Detractors suggest that the overall concept of dopamine fasting is nonsensical since the chemical plays a vital role in everyday life; they argue that trying to reduce it is not good for a person, and that periodic breaks from technology will be ineffective overall.
Dopamine fasting resembles the fasting tradition of many religions, except that instead of being applied to activities such as eating and sex, it is applied to the use of technologies such as smartphones and computer screens.
Malverde: El Santo Patrón is an upcoming American biographical-drama television series based on the life of the Mexican bandit Jesús Malverde.
Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of South Carolina is a Hindu Temple located in Columbia, South Carolina and serves the Hindus living in the Columbia, South Carolina Metropolitan Area along with people in the surrounding regions.
The first Hindus came to Columbia in the early to mid 1970s and as the population grew so did the need for a Permanent Hindu Temple.
In 1983, the Temple was formally incorporated as a Nonprofit Organization with South Carolina and on November 5 1983, Swami Bhashyanandji lead the Ground Breaking Ceremony of the temple.
By 1984, the Temple was complete but it was not opened until September 1986 when an inauguration ceremony was held and Murtis were installed and Pranpathista, the infusion of life ceremony was performed on the Murtis.
In 2003, The temple was expanded to include Permanent Housing for the Priest along with a large picnic area for meals and a guest apartment for dancers, musicians or visiting priests.
De Sperwer U.A., whose members trade as PLUS () under licence from PLUS Holding B.V., is a Dutch co-operative supermarket chain headquartered in Utrecht.
Stores operated under the PLUS brand are owned and operated by 227 ‘independent entrepreneurs’ who are all members of the De Sperwer co-operative.
In 2006, as part of a consortium takeover with Sligro, De Sperwer purchased eighty branches of Edah from Laurus and converted them all to PLUS.
In a 2013 survey by MarketResponse, PLUS was named ‘most customer-friendly company in the Netherlands.’ It was also ‘most customer-friendly supermarket’ in the same survey in 2018 and 2019.
PLUS has scored highest among Dutch supermarkets in annual surveys by GfK several times: in the meat category each year from 2017–19; in the bread category in 2019; in the corporate social responsibility category each year from 2015–19; and in the wine category each year from 2013–18.
The Learning and memorial site Charlotte Taitl House is dedicated to the victims of National Socialism and fascism in the district of Ried im Innkreis.
Charlotte Taitl (born May 15, 1896 in Thomasroith/Ottnang - died October 16, 1944 Auschwitz) is one of 196 known victims of National Socialism and fascism in the district of Ried.
In an infobox at the end of the room, all information about National Socialism and the district of Ried in the time before and after is displayed.
Further in-depth information can be accessed via a touch screen, and there is also a workstation with PC and Internet access for research work.
The Charlotte Taitl House, a place of learning and remembrance, is an inclusive exhibition with equal access to information for all.
Oral history interviews, historical audio documents, sign language, and QR-code accessible easy-to-read texts are used to implement new technologies for information retrieval.
The Charlotte Taitl House, a place of learning and remembrance, is adjacent to the Stadtbücherei (municipal library), through which the exhibition can be accessed free of charge during its opening hours.
In the area of the passage, black metal panels with the birth and death dates of the victims guide the visitors to the entrance.
Their successes continued into January when they won the 2018 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, earning the right to represent New Brunswick at the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
They could not defend their provincial title at the 2019 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts where they lost the Sarah Mallais rink in the semifinal.
She is the former Vice President of the Los Angeles chapter of The Recording Academy and former president of Los Angeles Women in Music (LAWIM).
The song appeared on the Time of No Reply album as well as the 2007 Family Tree collection of Drake’s home and demo recordings.
The song has been covered by several notable artists including Placebo, Graham Coxon, Alison Faith Levy, Steve Balbi and Hederos & Hellberg.
Between 1985 and 1987 Frederick (along with Jay Tverdak) wrote and produced songs as well as the scripts for the talking doll Cricket.
She was the songwriter, producer and voice director as well as a contributing songwriter for the 1991 album Disney’s Twelve Days of Christmas, 1992’s and Mickey Unrapped (1994), which featured Whoopi Goldberg.
A Democrat, he served as a member of Burlington's board of aldermen and was the city's mayor from 1874 to 1876.
Calvin Henry Blodgett was born in Randolph Center, Vermont on April 7, 1817, a son of Calvin Blodgett and Luthera (Bissell) Blodgett.
Calvin Blodgett was long active in politics and government, including service as an assistant judge of Orange County, terms in the state legislature, and election to Burlington's board of aldermen.
In 1850, Blodgett and his father opened a wholesale grocery business in Waterbury, which they operated until moving to Burlington 1858.
Blodgett also invested in several other businesses, including Burlington's Merchants National Bank, Champlain Mutual Insurance Company, and Vermont Horse Stock Company.
In 1878, a period of ill health caused Blodgett's doctors to recommend that he move away from the Lake Champlain area to a town with a drier climate.
He is the founder of Demotix, which became the largest network of photojournalists in the world, as well as Parlia, an encyclopaedia of opinion.
Munthe studied Arabic and History at Oxford, Hebrew at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and dropped out of a PhD at NYU in Anthropology of Religion to start a (failed) biofuels business in Ghana.
He then launched The Beirut Review, a cultural magazine published with the Daily Star under Rami Khouri, before returning to London as Head of the Middle East Programme at the Royal United Services Institute.
Munthe joined Marcus Brauchli and Sasa Vucinic’s North Base Media as a Venture Partner in 2015, before founding Parlia in 2019.
He sits on the boards of openDemocracy, The New Humanitarian and The Signals Network, and has been a trustee of Index on Censorship and The Bureau for Investigative Journalism.
The first financing was provided from own funds and grants, later Business Angel s. The app has been downloaded more than 50 million times on iOS and Android devices (as of October 2018).
In November 2018, a massive staff reduction was announced shortly after a change of management; allowing the previously loss-making company to become profitable.
Originally revealed as a concept in April 2018, the Buick Velite 6 was expected to come in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), extended range electric vehicle (EREV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and electric vehicle versions, with the pure electric vehicle version launched in April 2019.
Abul Islam (1924 – 20 February 2004) was a Bangladeshi freedom fighter and politician from Jessore belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
The men's 82.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place on 24 September at the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium.
Antonio de Jesús López Amenábar (born 10 April 1997) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX side Club América.
For the Liga MX Apertura 2018 tournament, América's head coach Miguel Herrera decided to register him in the first team roster.
On 22 July 2018 he made his Liga MX debut coming in as a substitute for Henry Martín on the 83rd minute of the match against Club Necaxa.
Some homes near the facility were blasted off their foundations, and some had collapsed ceilings, shattered windows, and bent garage doors.
Akhlakul Hossain Ahmed (15 October 1926 – 28 August 2012) was a Bangladeshi physician and politician from Netrokona belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
He studied for his first division Certificate in the West African School Certificate Examination at Mfantsipim School from 1956 to 1960.
He received his bachelor of laws (LLB) degree in 1968 from the University of Ghana and his post-graduate degree in Law from the same university.
He was appointed a Justice of the High Court in 1989 and a year later served with the Ghana Armed Forces as Judge Advocate.
He was subsequently promoted as a Justice of the Court of Appeal in April 1999 and he served in that capacity until 2009 when he was appointed Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana.
While on the bench, he participated in a number of conferences and workshops, some of which include; African Programme on American Legal Institution and Jurisprudence in the United States, Operation Cross Roads and Commonwealth Magistrates, and Judges Association Workshop in The Gambia.
He was a lecturer for the Career Magistrates Programme teaching Judicial Ethics and an examiner for the final year Practical Advocacy course at the Ghana School of Law.
Parapolystichum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The 2020 Thailand Open (also known as the GSB Thailand Open presented by E@ for sponsorship reasons) is a tennis tournament to be played on outdoor hard courts.
It will be the 2nd edition of the Hua Hin Championships as part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2020 WTA Tour.
It will take place at the True Arena Hua Hin in Hua Hin, Thailand, from 10 February to 16 February 2020.
Alfred Puhan (1913-January 20, 2005) adviser to Presidents Richard Nixon and Lyndon Johnson, served as the American Ambassador to Hungary in the Nixon administration in 1969.
Puhan was born in Germany and in the 1940s, would read messages in German over the Voice of America, eventually writing for the show.
After serving in Vienna, he was During World War II he was Executive Director of the European Bureau and Head of the Office of German Affairs.
ArtLib.cz (an abbreviation of Art Library) is a non-profit organisation founded in 2012 with the aim of promoting creation of high-quality professional articles on visual art in Czech and English Wikipedia.
The Art Library Project in Czech Wikipedia () was established by in 2012, originally with the aim of creating much-needed articles on modern Czech art, along with portraits of artists and photographic documentation of their artworks.
Current project is not focussed solely on modern art, but includes all historic periods of art in Bohemia (or Lands of the Bohemian Crown) and a broad variety of subjects including painting, sculpture, printmaking, drawing, glass sculpture, tapestry, art brut, conceptual art and photography, galleries, art collections, art history, art schools and techniques.
In 2015 the project gained the support of the National Gallery in Prague, which donated professional photographs of selected highlights in its collection.
In 2020, the list of partners collaborating with project includes over 30 galleries and museums, two publishing houses, art historians, curators and dozens of photographers and artists.
The project has been supported by grants from the Czech Ministry of Culture and Prague City Council, by several foundations (AVAST Foundation, Czech Literary Fund, Galerie Smečky Foundation), by private donors and by contributions made by ArtLib members.
Defence Industries Limited (DIL) was a subsidiary of Canadian Industries Limited (C-I-L), founded in 1939 to manufacture munitions for use in World War II.
The company operated in number of locations in Canada, and built a large factory in the Township of Pickering, Ontario, Canada, along with nearby housing which grew into the town of Ajax.
C-I-L set up DIL in September, 1939, and arranged a contract with the Canadian government to operate two small plants which manufactured TNT and cordite.
In 1940 the Canadian government's Department of Munitions and Supply contracted DIL to refurbish the defunct British Munitions factory in Verdun, Quebec for the manufacture munitions.
In 1941 DIL also set up a facility in Windsor, Ontario to manufacture carbamite, a component of cordite; other explosive components were manufactured in Beloeil, Shawinigan, Quebec, Nobel, Ontario and Winnipeg Manitoba.
By the end of the war the workers had filled more than 40 million percussion caps, detonators, bombs, anti-tank mines, armour-piercing and anti-aircraft shells.
Although the houses built for the DIL employees were intended to be temporary, after the war the occupants petitioned to buy them, and, after permanent foundations were built, the homes became part of a new town, which was named Ajax after HMS Ajax (22), a light cruiser of the Royal Navy during World War II.
DIL was contracted by the federal government to co-ordinate the construction and operation of Chalk River Laboratories, a pilot plant for the production of plutonium using heavy water as a moderator, which was being built in northern Ontario as part of the Manhattan Project.
Temporary houses from DIL's plant in the town of Nobel were moved to the area, creating a new town, Deep River, to house the workers.
In 1947, operation of the partially completed facility was taken over by the National Research Council; a number of DIL employees were hired by the NRC to provide continuity in the process.
Kinghorn Lifeboat station was established in 1965 by the RNLI to help provide more cover in the Firth of Forth as more leisure craft became deployed in the area at that time.
Initially a small shed structure made from Hardun wood was built which housed a D-class lifeboat which operated in summer months only.
The first launch of the boat in 1965 saw the crew deliver letters to residents of Inchkeith and Inchcolm to inform them of the station being built.
In 1987 the station was altered in order to fit the launching trolley equipment inside the boathouse to aid fast launch times.
In 1995 the station was upgraded significantly with a new two-storey building erected which had lifeboat crew quarters as well as an operation centre and visitor shop.
In 2019 a balloon in the shape of the fictional superhero character Iron Man was mistaken for a person in the water off Kirkcaldy.
A local Subaru car dealership later admitted to accidentally allowing the blown to blow away and made a donation to the station.
The station holds an annual sponsored Loony Dook in January and an open day during the summer to raise funds for the running of the facility.
It heads northwest through neighborhoods before passing along the western side of downtown, where it temporarily widens to a four-lane divided highway.
The highway now narrows back to two-lanes and passes north through wooded areas before passing by an industrial/business district and the Wabush Airport before Route 503 comes to an end at an intersection with Route 500 (Trans-Labrador Highway) near Labrador City.
, as a barb aimed at the Quaker-led Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade and the role of the Quakers in the movement to abolish the slave trade.
Born in Ostend, Dekeyzer became an English teacher, and the unpaid secretary of the Union of Socialist Teaching Staff of West Flanders.
In 1935, he began working full-time for the Belgian Union of Transport Workers (BTB), as deputy secretary of its West Flanders district.
The following year, he was promoted to become district secretary, and also secretary of the union's coastal area car drivers' section.
He became active in the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF), and was placed in charge of organising Belgian, Danish, Dutch, Polish and French transport workers in Scotland.
Dekeyzer returned to Belgium at the end of the war, and was elected as secretary of the General Federation of Belgian Labour (ABVV).
He also served as general secretary of the BTB and of its ports section, and as secretary of the Belgian Socialist Party's Ostend district.
He soon moved to Antwerp, and in 1952, was elected to the municipal council, then in 1954 to the provincial council, and finally in 1958 was elected to the Senate.
Omer Becu, president of the BTB, left to work for the ITF, and Dekeyzer's role of general secretary was merged with that of president of the union.
Dekeyzer retired from his trade union and political posts in 1971, but remained on the boards of various organisations for the next decade.
McGee states that the inspiration for the show was finding herself in debt after moving to London, and needing to work out which objects should be sold in order to pay off her debts.
The tracks that would emerge as B-Sides on the singles were recorded at Chipping Norton Studios in Oxford during the same month.
The band also described their music as a fusion of various musical genres with varying styles from one song to another.
The band is composed of Rajih Mendoza (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), David Galang (vocals and keyboards), Louise Vaflor (lead guitar and backing vocals), Rey Maestro (bass guitar and backing vocals), and Sean Espejo (drums and percussion).
The band originally started as an acoustic trio composed of childhood friends Louise Vaflor and Rey Maestro, together with Sean Espejo.
Later on, they decided to forge a full-fledged band and held auditions for additional members wherein Rajih Mendoza and David Galang were then selected.
The band cites South Border, IV of Spades, The Beatles, John Mayer, December Avenue, KZ Tandingan, Kamikazee and Moira dela Torre as major influences.
The 2019–20 FIBA Europe Cup play-offs will begin on 4 March and conclude on 29 April 2020 with the 2020 FIBA Europe Cup Finals, to decide the champions of the 2019–20 FIBA Europe Cup.
The draw was made with the only restriction that these lucky losers could not be paired against each other, being decided all the bracket by the luck of the draw in the round of 16.
New Mexico United U23 is a development soccer team under the parent club New Mexico United based in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The team competes in the Mountain Division of the Western Conference of USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid.
On Jan 23, 2020 New Mexico United announced the creation of a U23 team which will begin playing in the 2020 season.
After returning to his own country Panchbagi started working for the farmers and took part in movements against the British and zamindars.
The 2019–20 Basketball Champions League Playoffs will begin on 3 March, and will end on 3 May, with the Final, which will decide the champions of the 2019–20 Basketball Champions League.
The playoffs involved the sixteen teams which qualified between the four first teams of each of the four groups in the 2019–20 Basketball Champions League Regular season.
In addition, the winners of the matches involving the group winners will play also the second leg of the quarterfinals at home.
Each tie in the Playoffs, apart from the Final Four games, will be played with best-of-three playoff format, with the seeded team playing matches 1 and 3 if necessary at home.
M. M. Nazrul Islam (16 October 1943 – 17 September 1992) was a Bangladeshi academic and politician from Bhola belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
He then worked as a scientific assistant, then as an analytical chemistry instructor at MIT and then continued is education at the Leipzig University.
During World War I, he advised the Bureau of Mines and the United States Department of War, mostly on issues related to poison gas.
After the death of Richard Cockburn Maclaurin (1870–1920), Talbot was interim president of MIT, and from 1921 to his death he was Dean of MIT.
In 1896, Talbot joined the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and in 1899 the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on July 8, Kenny Omega earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Kota Ibushi.
During the match, E.Yoshihiko, a blow-up doll with male make-up, captured the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship by eliminating former champion DJ Nira, thus becoming the 960th champion.
After the match, Hiroshi Fukuda attempted to pin Fujiwara but the newly crowned champion put Fukuda in a Fujiwara armbar to successfully defend his title.
The match consisted of two halves of 5 minutes each where each team tried to score the most pins by pinfall (two counts) or submission.
Amongst the participants were Tsukasa Fujimoto from Ice Ribbon, Yuji Hino from Kaientai Dojo and Yoshiko from World Wonder Ring Stardom.
In the sixth match, Mikami teamed with Tatsumi Fujinami from Dradition to challenge the KO-D Tag Team Champions Homoiro Clover Z (Kudo and Makoto Oishi).
Unlike a traditional DDT Weapon Rumble where both participants bring their pre-selected weapons at regular intervals throughout the match, this match was a handicap match where Suzuki wasn't allowed to bring any weapon.
The newspaper briefly drew national attention in 1999 because of a May 23, 1895 editorial criticizing the erection by the Sons of the American Revolution of a historical monument marking the site of Washington's headquarters in Dobbs Ferry.
Albert Henry Washburn (1866–April 29, 1930) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria from 1922 until his death on April 29, 1930.
In 1919, he received his A.M. from Dartmouth College and the following year, joined their faculty as a professor of political science and international law.
On 24 January 2020, six people were killed and two others were wounded in a mass shooting in Rot am See, Germany.
Criminologist and criminal psychologist Rudolf Egg said that the shooter acted impulsively and explosively, ruling out the possibility that the attack has been premeditated.
Three of the victims killed were men aged 36, 65 and 69, while the three others were women aged 36, 56 and 62.
She is remembered in particular for her still lifes and her flower paintings which received considerable acclaim, and are in numerous UK public collections.
When picked, flowers must be left alone to fulfil their destinies, to orientate to the light, to sort out their relative strengths, to stabilise and mature.
In 1950 she was elected a member of the New English Art Club and in 1951 became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
Thomas showed in countless group exhibitions including: the New English Art Club; Royal Society of British Artists; Royal West of England Academy; Royal Scottish Academy; Women's International Art Club; Scottish Society of Women Artists; and, Aldeburgh 100.
It is fielded by the Norwegian Football Federation, NFF, the governing body of football in Norway, and competes as a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), which encompasses the countries of Europe.
Norway have competed in numerous competitions, and all players who have played between 25 or more matches, either as a member of the starting eleven or as a substitute, are listed below.
Each player's details include her usual playing position while with the team, the number of caps earned and goals scored in all international matches, and details of the first and most recent matches played in.
The names are initially ordered by number of caps (in descending order), then by date of debut, then by alphabetical order.
Akwashiki was born in 1973 to Mr Akwashiki Walaro and Mrs Ramatu Akwashiki in Angba Iggah, Nasarawa Eggon local government area in Nasarawa State.
In 1988 he enrolled into the Government Technical College, Assakio and graduated with the Senior Secondary Certificate in Education (WASSCE) in 1993.
From 2011 to 2019, Akwashiki, under the umbrella of the People’s Democratic Party was a member of the Nasarawa State Assembly.
In his second term (2015-2019), he was appointed the Deputy Speaker of the State Assembly, a position he held until 2019 when, under the All Progressives Congress (APC), he contested for and won the Nasarawa North senatorial seat.
He is currently the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Inter-parliamentary Affairs and Vice Chairman of the Media and Public Affairs Committee.
The hospital was commissioned to replace three former facilities: Lloyd Hospital in Quay Road, the Avenue Hospital in Westgate and the Bempton Lane Hospital.
In February 2018 the local MP, Sir Greg Knight, expressed concern that the hospital was being under-utilized with three wards remaining empty.
He took care of all matters, from the appointment or dismissal of the staff of the organization to the approval of the executive of the organization.
In addition to verifying various documents including election expenditures during the election, he also delegates responsibility among the party's organizational editors in consultation with the party Chairman.
As of 2020, there are 44 sovereign states with a monarch as head of state, of which 42 are ruled by dynasties.
The Princess Mary's Hospital, RAF Akrotiri, (often abbreviated to TPMH), was a military hospital located on the Royal Air Force base at Akrotiri on the island of Cyprus.
The hospital was the last British military hospital to remain in operation after all other hospitals had closed down in the 1990s and 2000s.
It treated its last case, and stopped affording treatment, in October 2012, but formal closure of the building came in 2013.
Medical care for military personnel on the island is now the remit of a health care centre at RAF Akrotiri and more serious cases are dealt with by Cypriot healthcare in the nearby city of Limassol.
Initially, this was a set of prefabricated bungalows cobbled together until a more permanent structure was created, and was located as part of the base complex itself.
The hospital was named after Princess Mary, who had agreed in 1923 to be the patron of the Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service.
The hospital was opened in stages between May and June 1963, which allowed for the old hospital to be rundown without loss of patient service.
This had been announced in the 1975 Defence Review, where the number of beds across all military hospitals was to drop by 20% and the hospitals at Wroughton and Tidworth were slated for closure.
Service personnel and their dependents were the primary users of the hospital, though any nationalities were treated when they needed emergency care.
During the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the hospital was the only facility that could deliver impartial care to both sides.
Treatment of Cypriots for non-emergency cases was undertaken on the availability of bed-spaces and a repayment for the medical care offered.
Whilst it was located on an RAF base and named as such, the hospital was there to cater for all military personnel and was therefore staffed with Air Force staff (PMRAFNS) and also with British Army personnel drawn from the QARANC in a 60/40 split respectively.
In October 1983, American and French service personnel were evacuated to TPMH after simultaneous bomb attacks on their barracks in the Lebanese city of Beirut.
A Department of Defence inquiry afterwards found that many more would have died had the RAF not offered its helicopters and its healthcare.
In late 1990, with Operation Granby building up in the Middle East, TPMH extended its capability from 60 permanent beds to its design capacity of 200 beds.
In the event, casualty numbers were lower than anticipated, and so the facility was returned to normal operations as soon as hostilities ceased.
During this time, the hospital treated the RAF aircrew Flight Lieutenants John Nicol and John Peters after they had been released from captivity.
In 1991, Jackie Mann, Terry Waite and John McCarthy were all given a medical examination upon their release from captivity before being taken by aircraft to RAF Lyneham in Wiltshire.
In March 1996, the RAF military hospitals at Wroughton and Halton closed, as did the last one in Germany, Wegberg, along with two army hospitals too.
The last military hospitals were transferred to the newly formed Defence Secondary Care Agency, and so the TPMH was renamed as The Princess Mary's Hospital, Akrotiri.
In the same year, the number of staff was listed as being 124; 80 drawn from military personnel and 44 from a civilian workforce.
After the closure of the Royal Naval hospitals at Haslar and Gibraltar in 2007 and 2008 respectively, TPMH remained the only peacetime military hospital in existence.
After closure, the medical needs for service personnel were catered for by a new health centre on RAF Akrotiri, as primary medical care, with more intricate medical needs provided by a Cypriot independent provider.
TPMH was awarded the Wilkinson Sword of Peace three times during its history; for the Cyprus Emergency in 1974, in 2002 for its benefit to the wider community and in 2006, for its support to Operation Highbrow.
These chapters express the structure of schools, their funding, the organization of the different types of schools, the structure of the educational process.
Dimka Ayuba (born 8 March 1952) is a senator in the Federal Republic of Nigeria representing the Plateau Central Senatorial District.
She was founder and head of the Chinese Immigrants Service and the Queens Chinese Women's Association, both based in Flushing, New York.
Wu Shih-san was born in 1921 (some sources give 1922 as the year) in Hefei, Anhui, China, the daughter of Chung Liu and Jin Ban (Gung) Wu.
In 1984 she was founder and head of the Chinese Immigrants Service, a mutual aid society, and the Queens Chinese Women's Association, both based in Flushing.
She was named after Hugh J. Kilpatrick, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, achieving the rank of brevet major general.
Note: 4 points for a win, 2 points for a draw, 1 bonus point for a loss by 7 points or less, 1 bonus point for scoring 4 tries or more.
Adamu Muhammad Bulkachuwa (Born April 16, 1940) is a senator representing Bauchi North Senatorial district, Bulkachuwa is the husband of Justice Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa, President of the Court of Appeal, Abuja.
On 2 December Captain William Greer of , which had arrived at Canton a few days earlier, had a seaman put into chains.
She reached the Cape on 9 July and St Helena on 3 August, and arrived back at Long Reach on 9 October.
In all, one officer and five other Europeans died; the loss among the lascars was unknown, but was believed to be small.
The union was founded on 12 and 13 September 1886, when fourteen local trade unions met in Brussels and formed the National Federation of Metalworkers.
It operated as a loose federation, and various affiliates joined and left over the first few years, but with a general upward trend.
It was largely inactive during World War I, and after the war, its campaigns for an eight-hour day, minimum wage and union recognition led to widespread strikes.
These were resolved in 1919, when a joint consultative committee for the metal industry was established, the first such committee in Belgium.
This led to a rapid increase in union membership, which reached 139,413 in 1920, and the union played a major role in the general strikes of 1925 and 1936.
The union was divided during World War II, with some leaders joining Nazi front unions, while others opposed these, and some broke away to work with the communist resistance.
The communist unions rejoined in 1945, and that year, the union became a founding constituent of the General Federation of Belgian Labour.
After the war, the union engaged in frequent industrial action, but became divided between Flemish and Walloon leaders, who were also split over how closely to engage with Parliamentary action.
This was largely resolved by the late 1960s, and membership reached a record high of 216,490 in 1976, but the union then struggled against job losses in the industry.
By 1995, it was down to 164,267 members, and the following year, it renamed itself as the Union of the Belgian Metal Industry.
In 2006, the union gave its Flemish and Walloon regions high levels of autonomy, with only a small federal structure uniting the two.
The post of president was abolished, and the union was instead jointly run by two general secretaries, one from each region.
The team was founded in 2019 to compete in Súper Liga Americana de Rugby and will be Argentina's second professional franchise.
The home stadium for Ceibos has not been formally announced but the Ceibos will play two preseason matches scheduled at Barrio Los Boulevares in Cordoba, Argentina.
She was later imprisoned for her fascist views and it is said that she suffered from the misogynistic regime that she had helped bring to power.
She encouraged her three sons during World War I to work for German espionage in Barcelona according to historian Fernando García Sanz.
She stopped writing plays and this has been said to have been caused by the misogynistic regime - that she had helped to bring to power.
The imprisonment damaged her health and she died when she participated in a tribute to the actress Josita Hernán in Madrid in 1949.
The Ministry of Water Resources the of Republic of Somaliland (MoWR) () () is a ministry of the Somaliland cabinet in charge of the development and regulation of Somaliland's water resources.
S. V. Ranga Rao and T. K. Bhagavathy were one of the most famous for his father roles in 1960's and 1970's.
José García-Siñeriz y Pardo-Moscoso (Madrid, Spain, May 11, 1886 - Madrid, January 28, 1974) was a Spanish mining engineer, geophysicist, and politician.
He became president of the International Committee of Geophysics, member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and President of the Royal Spanish Society of Physics and Chemistry in 1942.
J. García-Siñeriz is one of the greatest figures in the Mining Engineers Corps, having developed an intense professional work in the field of Geophysics, both theoretical and applied.
After his death, a foundation bearing his name was established and, following his will and starting in 1994, created the García-Siñeriz Geophysics Awards for Spanish, Portuguese and Latin-American geophysics.
Fadahunsi Francis Adenigba (born 12th July, 1952) is a Nigerian senator representing Osun East constituency in the National Assembly's House of Senate.
Fadahunsi was born in Ilase-Ijesa in Osun State on the 12th of July, 1952 to Late Chief Israel Adekunbi Fadahunsi and Chief (Mrs.) Emily Fadahunsi, both indigenes of Ilase-Ijesa.
He received his primary education in Saint Paul's Anglican Primary school, Ilase-Ijesa and then proceeded to have his secondary education at Abebeyin Anglican Modern School, Atakumosa West Local Government Area in 1964.
The listed buildings consist of a house and farmhouses, a former sawmill, a public house, and five mileposts, four of them along the A54 road.
She was named after Noah Brown, an American shipbuilder, based in New York City, founded a company, along with his brother Adam, which was active between 1804 and 1833.
She was sold for commercial use, 8 October 1947, to Bulk Carriers Corp.. After several name and owner changes she was scrapped in Spain, in 1969.
From 2011 until 2019, Cloud served as the mayor of Turkey Creek, where she and her husband also operate a trucking business and a café.
In 2018, Cloud ran in a special election for Louisiana Secretary of State, but came in 8th place with 5% of the vote.
The Ministry of Transportation and Roads Devolopment of the Republic of Somaliland (MoTRD) () () is a member of the Somaliland cabinet which is concerned with transportation and roads.
The Jetour X90 is a 5 to 7 seater mid-size crossover produced by Jetour, a brand launched in 2018 by Chery under Chery Commercial Vehicle.
The Jetour X90 is powered by a 1.5 liter turbo inline-four petrol engine producing 156hp and 230 N·m, with transmission options including a 6-speed manual transmission or a 6-speed Dual-clutch transmission.
Maino was president of Maino Construction Co., Inc., in San Luis Obispo, California since 1954 and vice president and general superintendent from 1946-1954.
He was owner of Maino Properties Commercial Rentals in 1954-1981 and chairman of the board of Swift Air Lines, Inc. from 1969-1980.
He was president of San Luis Obispo Savings and Loan Association in 1967-1975 and was director of Central Savings and Loan Association in 1946-1967.
Rangia cuneata or Atlantic rangia (also known as wedge clam, gulf wedge clam, common rangia and cocktail clam), is a mollusc native to Gulf of Mexico.
It is an oval clam with body length of up to 5cm, living form the interdial zone to depths of 124 meters.
The house was designed by a Czech architect Josef Vaněk, firstly for the director of the hospital in a Czech town Šumperk.
He furthered his education at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria where he was awarded a Bachelor's degree in International Studies in 1986.
In 2019, he contested for a seat in the Senate under the People's Democratic Party (PDP) representing Plateau North senatorial district and he currently serves as a senator in the 9th National Assembly.
The United States team of Lou Graham and Johnny Miller won by ten strokes over the Taiwan team of Hsieh Min-Nan and Kuo Chie-Hsiung.
It was the 13th win for United States in the 23 times the World Cup, formerly named Canada Cup, had been contested.
The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Miller, two strokes ahead of three players, who shared second place.
He attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Urbino where he studied painting from 1980–1984, and moved after graduation to Berlin where he has been living ever since.
In 1995 he was artist in residence at Art/Omi Artists international Residency, Ghent N.Y., supported by the Senate of Berlin, in 1996 he spent six months in Israel with a grant from KULTURFONDs Berlin, where he was also invited as a lecturer at the Haifa University, Department of Fine Arts, and at the Wizo College.
In 1998 he was artist in residence for six months at the Casa di Goethe, thanks to a grant of the DaimlerCrysler Foundation, Rome.
In 2007 he was artist in residence at the Santa Fe Art Institute, Santa Fe, with a grant of the Joan Mitchell Foundation, New York, and in 2008 in Beijing.
At the beginning of his artistic career he was strongly influenced by informal art, which allowed him to create artworks in his very own personal style.
Following a residency at the Casa di Goethe in Rome in 1998 Catania turned to figurative art by developing a very special language which he calls ‘meta-realism’.
The focus is on the absence rather than on the presence, backgrounds swap with foregrounds, the rules of perspective are suspended, interiors are bloated.
The cohesion of the world is in dissolution, pattern of carpets, ornaments have gained their own lives, various light sources are disorientating, reflections make it impossible to understand what is inside and what is outside of one’s sphere.
The band is made up of a blend of vocalists, songwriters and musicians; namely Ryan Johnston (vocals), Will Booth (guitar), and Danny Hepworth (guitar).
That same year saw them have their tracks featured on the likes of Clash Magazine, play over 250 shows, as well as being selected to headline Live at Leeds.
For 2020 they are going to be touring with The Kaiser Chiefs as well as headlining their own shows in London and Leeds.
Prior to the establishment of a station the RNLI has made a number of medal awards to coastguards operating in the local area.
The first station was established in the town in 1865 at the request of local fishermen on land that was gifted to the by the Anstruther harbour board.
In 1892 the RNLI local inspector found there was no need to employ a paid bowman for the lifeboat as the station at that time had six volunteer coxswains and a full crew to staff it, by 1899 the number of coxswains had reduced to four.
Up until 1897 the station had used a mortar to alert the volunteer crew, however this was deemed too dangerous to vessels in the harbour so a handbell was used from that point on.
Around this time a new Coxswain Superintendent was appointed to replace the numerous coxswains that has operated the station before on a rotating basis.
In 2013 the volunteer lifeboat helmsman Barry Gourlay, a mechincal engineer, received the RNLI Bronze Medal and volunteer crew members fisherman Euan Hoggan and PhD student Rebecca Jewell received thanks on vellum for a rescue of two people in difficult sea conditions.
In 2019 it was announced that the RNLI planned to build a purpose built new facility further along the shoreline that will be capable of housing a Shannon-class lifeboat.
In April 1876, the hospital moved to new purpose-built facilities on the north side of Medina Avenue facing Medina Cottage, an early 19th century building which was also acquired to form part of the hospital.
Founder Bernard Anderson of the Wharton School of Business said that when the group first met, the leaders of the American Economic Association called the police.
The annual meetings of the NEA are held in conjunction with the annual Allied Social Science Association meetings each January, and include multiple panels of research presentations.
In addition, the NEA collaborates with the American Society of Hispanic Economics to host a summer conference on the subject of economic problems for Black and Hispanic communities and potential solutions, as well as racial and ethnic economic disparities and policies designed to counter these disparities.
There is a great deal of overlap in the leadership of the NEA and the AEA-CSMGEP, but they are separate organisations.
De Vagvar undertook undergraduate study at Bryn Mawr College before completing her PhD on Anglo-Saxon art in Northumbria in 1981 at the University of Pennsylvania.
As a faculty member of psychology at the University of New Brunswick, she established the Muriel McQueen Fergusson Centre for Family Violence.
After graduating from the West Virginia University, she joined the faculty of University of New Brunswick (UNB) and established their first human sexuality course in the Department of Psychology.
In 2004, Byers and S. Andrea Miller conducted a study published in the Journal of Sex Research that concluded men in heterosexual relationships were often dissatisfied with the length of foreplay and intercourse.
Two years later, Byers was named a University Research Scholar by UNB for her contributions to the study of human sexuality, sexual health and intimate partner relationships.
Later, Byers, Kaitlyn Goldsmith and Amanda Miller concluded that out of 107 men and 102 women, only 30 percent would chose to live life as the opposite gender.
In 2018, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and recognized by the Canadian Sexual Research Forum with an Outstanding Contribution Award.
He worked as a LGBT resource coordinator at SUNY-Cortland while completing his master's degree part time, where he was also residence hall director of Shea Hall and advisor to the university's gay-straight alliance for six years.
He however found it difficult to get the script developed as industry executives found the subject matter about queer people of color and ball culture to be too niche.
The Deputy Commandant for Aviation (DCA) is the United States Marine Corps' principle advisor on all aviation matters and is the spokesperson for Marine Corps Aviation programs, requirements, and strategy throughout the Department of the Navy and the Department of Defense.
DCA is normally the highest-ranking naval aviator in the Marine Corps and reports directly to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
The role of DCA is an administrative position and has no operational command authority over United States Marine Corps Aviation forces.
The Deputy Commandant for Aviation is responsible for developing integrating, and supervising plans, policies and budgets for all aviation assets and aviation expeditionary enablers (aviation command and control, aviation-ground support, and unmanned aircraft systems) in support of Marine air ground task forces.
He was responsible to both the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Director of Naval Aviation for all Marine Corps related aviation matters.
In 1295, Rama Khamheang invaded Raja Sang Tawal's capital in Langkasuka, causing him to abandon it and move the capital to Kota Mahligai in Patani.
According to folktales, Arduja Wijayamala Singa Che Siti Wan Kembang I, daughter of Sang Tawal established a war army consisting of widows and women who participated in the war and succeeded in executing the head of King Rama Khamhaeng.
Elections to the Kirkcaldy District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Mizter Okyere who was formally called Bigdee started his music career from church as an instrumentalist and through that established his own recording studio Bigdee Beat Studio currently called Mizter Okyere Music Studio.
Mizter Okyere has performed on stages like Rhythms on the Runway, Takoradi Music Awards, African Legends Night, Rapperholic, Vodafone Ghana Music Awards, Ghana Meets Naija, Miss Universe Ghana, Easter Comedy Show, MMC Live, Ghana Beverage Awards, Glo Mega Music Show, Bhim Concert, Saminifest, Glitz Style Awards, 3G Awards, Emy Awards, GUBA Awards, NPP Loyal Ladies Cook Out and has also performed alongside Samini , Sarkodie, Stonebwoy, Becca et al.
Elections to the Cumnock and Doon Valley District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Dumbarton District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the East Kilbride District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Hamilton District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Kilmarnock and Loudoun District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Kyle and Carrick District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Bunbury's first hotel licences were granted in the 1840s, and by 1865 two hotels were operating, and a licence had been granted for a third.
A petition in support of the proposed hotel, signed by the town's residents, was presented to the Governor John Hampton; he directed the licencing bench to reconsider the application, and a licence was then issued that year.
Initially a single-story Rose Hotel was built on Victoria Street; Rose soon built a two-storey structure near the corner with Wellington Street, with a bar and dining room downstairs and four bedrooms upstairs.
Following the Delaportes, until the 1890s, were several licencees – Thomas Spencer, P McArthur, Alex Forbes, A E Bonney, Booney's wife (widowed on the day Booney took over), and J H Darley.
The upgrade cost £7,000, and by 1901 the hotel was considered a landmark, with a standard as high as the top city hotels.
Salesmen travelling by whichever means – train, foot, ship, or horse and buggy – would use the hotel as accommodation, and could use the sample room to exhibit and sell their goods.
The Rose Hotel was used for official functions, including Armistice Day celebrations on 11 November 1918 featuring the Bunbury Municipal Band playing to a crowd of approximately 1000 people.
The hotel changed hands a few more times over the next few decades – Mrs Illingworth's sister, Mrs Nenke, became the licencee around 1920, and later John Hithersay, followed by E J Saunders in 1932.
J J Monaghan, a lawyer and owner of the Prince of Wales Hotel, bought the Rose Hotel in 1939, and spent £5,000 on renovations.
The Drinkwaters remained the owners until 2018, when they sold to the owners to the owners of Kalgoorlie's Exchange Hotel, Dave Allan and Lawson Douglas.
The hotel and former sample room were given a entries on the Register of the National Estate on 1 November 1983, and the City of Bunbury's Municipal Inventory on 31 July 1996.
They were listed on the State Register of Heritage Places on 23 May 1997, and on the city's heritage list on 15 April 2003.
The original timber was uncovered in door frames and floorboards, and a archways and historic brickwork discovered during the work was incorporated into the new design.
Substantial improvements were completed to the ballroom, dining room, bars and kitchen in 2019, with the new owners Allan and Douglas planning further renovations for the outdoor spaces: a new alfresco area, and an upgraded beer garden.
Elections to the Motherwell District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Monklands District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Gail Hamm (August 19, 1951 – October 24, 2013) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 34th district from 1999 to 2013.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
Tseng served two terms as mayor of Laiyi, Pingtung, followed by two terms as a member of the Taiwan Provincial Assembly.
He was elected to three terms as a member of the Legislative Yuan, serving the Highland Aborigine Constituency, and representing the Kuomintang.
The Ministry of Telecommunications and Technology of the Republic of Somaliland (MoTRD) () () is a member of the Somaliland cabinet which is responsible for formulating developmental policies aimed at accelerating growth of telecommunication and technology services in the country.
Abū Shujāʿ Ruzzīk ibn Ṭalāʾiʿ was the son of the Twelver Shi'a Armenian vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate, Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, and succeeded his father when the latter was assassinated in September 1161.
In January 2020, the Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces was involved in one of the most serious cases of separatist infighting to date.
General Chacha posted a video where he demanded that all separatist militias merge into the Southern Cameroons Defence Forces, threatening to attack separatist militias that opposed him.
The infighting came to an abrupt end a week after the abduction incident, when General Chacha and some 20 other fighters were killed when Cameroonian troops attacked their base in Kumbo; this came shortly after an ultimatum issued by Cameroonian Brigadier General Valere Nka.
The Cameroonian Army maintained its momentum in Kumbo on the days following the assassination, attacking a number of camps belonging to the Restoration Forces and pursuing retreating fighters.
From 1793 until his death in 1826, Stuart was a Remonstrants pastor in Amsterdam, but he worked and attracted to non-remonstrants.
The eulogy by Cornelis Willem Westerbaen on December 31, 1826 in the Remonstrant church of Amsterdam appeared in 1827 in print.
It was built in 1999, on the former grounds of the Great Chinese Rubber Works Factory and the EMI Recording Studio (now La Villa Rouge restaurant).
She became disabled after being involved in a car accident where she was crushed against a concrete wall by a car and resulted in her back being broken in five separate places.
Born in North Bergen, New Jersey, Terranova was raised in Northvale, New Jersey, where she attended Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan.
Terranova has participated in four Paralympic Games and has won team titles along with Jennifer Johnson in both world, Paralympic and Parapan events.
She returned to competition in 2019 to participate in the 2019 Parapan American Games in Lima, Peru where she failed to advance into the later stages of the competition.
The leaves are borne on the more or less elongated aerial portion of a stem, with the older leaves persisting and turning yellow-brown.
In the northern part of its range (in New Zealand and Australia) it is alpine to subalpine, but in the subantarctic islands and around Otago it is also found at sea level.
The film centres on the anti-gay purges in Chechnya of the late 2010s, interviewing various LGBT Chechnyan refugees about their experiences.
The film's production was complicated by the need to protect the interviewees' safety by not showing their appearances on screen; however, France wanted to place a real human face on the story, and thus did not want to use conventional techniques of disguising the appearance of an interview guest, such as blurring their faces, filming them in darkness or hiring actors to perform a staged re-enactment.
Accordingly, he opted to use advanced facial replacement techniques from visual effects technology, so that the viewer could clearly see real faces displaying real emotions while still protecting the identities of the speakers.
The film premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival, and is slated to be screened at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
The Wednesday Strangler is an unidentified Japanese serial killer, responsible for the murders of seven women in Saga Prefecture from 1975 and 1989.
The nickname comes from the fact that six of the victims disappeared on a Wednesday, and the killings are also referred to as the Saga Women Murders.
Between 1975 and 1989, seven murders occurred in a 20-kilometer radius of the Saga Prefecture, in the towns of Kitagata, Shiroishi, Kitashigeyasu and Takeo.
Around 5 PM on January 27, 1989, a couple driving near a mountain forest in Kishima District found three female bodies dropped beneath a cliff, and reported it to the police.
It is believed that they were killed on July 8, 1987; December 7, 1988 and the last on January 25th, two days before the bodies were found.
In November of the same year, a 26-year-old man, who had been detained for an unconnected crime, admitted to three of the murders during a cognitive interview, but later recanted the confession.
On June 11, 2002, the Saga Prefecture police charged the prisoner with the murder of Y., while he was incarcerated in Kagoshima Prison, later charging him with the other ones.
On April 10, 2005, the Saga District Court cited lack of conclusive evidence and coercion by the interrogating officers for their reasoning for finding the defendant innocent of all charges.
The prosecution appealed the decision, but the Fukuoka High Court acquitted him on March 19, 2007, as was the case with the Saga District Court in the first instance.
In the second trial, the prosecution tried to use newly obtained mitochondrial DNA for any possible connections to the victims, but again, the defendant was cleared.
On March 29th, the Fukuoka department of the Supreme Public Prosecutors' Office found numerous case violations relating to the prosecutors' appeal, which was overtuned, also taking into account the scarce evidence.
The accused criticized the Saga Prefectural Police and the prosecutor's poor investigation and prosecution, as pointed out in the ruling of the second trial.
Henry Abraham was an English politician who was MP for Portsmouth in 1410, 1415, May 1421, and 1422 and tax collector at Hampshire in May 1416.
Raymond Powell (5 August 1924 – May 2014) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Swansea Town and Scunthorpe & Lindsey United.
He was called up to the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, and met his future wife while serving in South Africa.
He played both football and rugby during the war for RAF teams and football for Cambridge Town, Morriston and Haverfordwest Athletic.
He scored freely for the reserve side, but played little first-team footballafter his first season, in which he scored four goals from 13 Football League matches, he made just 6 first-team appearances in any competition in three years.
He stayed for only one season, in which he was the club's top scorer with 14 league goals, and then left the professional game.
He remained in non-league football, playing part-time for Kettering Town and Banbury Spencer and acting as player-manager of Wellingborough Town, until moving to Romford, Essex, in 1961 and working as company secretary of a security firm.
Announced in January 2020, it will be the fourth City Football Academy complex constructed by City Football Group, owner of Montevideo City Torque, after the facilities constructed in Manchester, Melbourne and New York City, and will closely follow the design of its three predecessors.
With Torque having relocated from the outskirts of Montevideo to the city centre in 2018, the club was left with no permanent stadium nor training ground or office space.
On 22 January 2020, the club announced a major redesign of their image, renaming themselves from Club Atlético Torque to Montevideo City Torque and replacing their club badge to match the style of other clubs also owned by their parent company, City Football Group.
Accordingly, at the same time City Football Group also announced that they would invest approximately €5m into construction of a new academy and administrative complex in Montevideo.
Details of the exact composition of City Football Academy, Montevideo have not yet been announced, but CFG representatives have stated that when finished it will rank as one of the best sports facilities in South America.
Jean-Charles Delioux (de) Savignac (17 April 1825 – 12 November 1915) was a French composer, a pupil of Halévy and potentially Chopin, who was quite popular in the Paris salons of the nineteenth century.
He received his early musical education from his father, a local naval commissioner, and appeared as a child prodigy on the piano in Lorient and as early as 1839 at the Tuileries before King Louis Philippe.
From 1849 he established himself as piano teacher in Paris and was so much sought after that he could support his wider family, after his father had died shortly before.
He was also quite successful as a composer, mainly for the piano, for which he published more than a hundred compositions.
Max Shiffman (30 October 1914, New York City – 2 July 2000, Hayward, California) was an American mathematician, specializing in the calculus of variations, partial differential equations, and hydrodynamics.
Max Shiffman graduated with a bachelor's degree from City College of New York (CNNY) and then graduated in 1938 with a Ph.D. from New York University (NYU).
From 1945 to 1948 he was an associate professor at NYU, where he influenced many graduate students, including Clifford Gardner, Joe Keller, Martin Kruskal, Peter Lax, Cathleen Morawetz, and Louis Nirenberg.
In the summer of 1949 Shiffman gave a new proof of von Neumann's minimax theorem with a generalization to concave-convex functions.
Upon his death Max Shiffman was survived by his sons, Bernard, a professor of mathematics, and David, an owner of an investment company, and by five grandchildren.
The Golden Haggadah is an illuminated Haggadah, a ritual text used in the celebration of Passover, created around the year 1320 in Catalonia.
There are 56 miniatures in the manuscript and it is one of the most lavishly decorated examples of a medieval Haggadah.
He is a full professor and the chair of the Institute for Information Systems and New Media at the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU Wien).
Gustaf Neumann has published more than 200 books and papers in the areas of program transformation, data modeling, and information systems technology with a focus on e-learning applications.
The Netflix Originals television series follows the lives of young Singaporeans as they defy expectations and traverse the tricky terrain of career, romance and family in Singapore and briefly, Los Angeles.
Whilst it is broadly considered a subgenre of reality television, when it comes to representation internationally, especially in America, the show does add diversity to the reality TV genre, which still lacks Asian representation.
Some online critics felt that the show did an inaccurate job of representing life in Singapore, especially since Singapore is largely middle-class yet, others have pointed out that this backlash is a double standard considering there are many Western shows from this genre and therefore Singapore should be allowed to produce a similar format for a global audience.
Following the initial backlash, local reviews now seem to be mixed, with many agreeing that whilst it may not portray all Singaporeans, unlike the film Crazy Rich Asians, Singapore Social does succeed in representing a more diverse cast of Asians, particularly those of South-Asian origin.
Lenentine curled out of her home province of Prince Edward Island for most of her junior career before moving to Nova Scotia for the 2018–19 season to join the Kaitlyn Jones rink.
They would not return to the World Junior Curling Championships as they lost the semifinal of the 2019 Canadian Junior Curling Championships to BC's Sarah Daniels.
The following season, her and teammate Karlee Burgess would move to Manitoba to join the Zacharias siblings Mackenzie and Emily to try to return to the World Juniors.
When the team won the Manitoba Junior Provincials, it made Lenentine the first female junior curler to represent three provinces at the Canadian Junior Curling Championships.
Elections to the Strathkelvin District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The Sting has been a member of the minor basketball league circuit since 2015 and competed in various leagues with highly talented players.
Tennessee Sting, formerly known as the Tennessee Hornets, formed in 2009 as a local Nashville church league team competing against other non-school players.
The team consisted of many at-risk youth in the Nashville area in an effort to stay out of the streets and into something positive.
The team finished the season with a 22-1 record (the one loss was due to a forfeit) having the church leagues best record.
In 2012 most of the players graduated and went on to attend college, some advancing to play collegiate basketball as well.
In 2015, the Tennessee Sting transitioned into the minor league circuit after some of the original youth players returned wanting to continue playing.
After services transferred to modern facilities at Bridlington Hospital in 1988, the Avenue Hospital closed and, after standing derelict for a few years, the building was converted into apartments in 1993.
The temple is 65 feet tall at its peak with more than 126 deities sculpted into the facade of the temple, several of which are also represented by Mutris inside.
It is has carvings on every single pillar of various Hindu deities and is made almost entirely out of white limestone.
As every boy child, Silver grew up with a lot of admiration to be like the stars he watched on TV.
This helped him to learn playing band instruments which has strongly helped in developing his musical career, Jay Silver plays drums and the guitar.
Silver has participated in various Music and Fashion events and has won the African Crown international award winner of people's choice.
Travis Vengroff (born January 20, 1987) is an American sound designer, musician, writer, producer, actor, and podcaster best known for his work on the podcasts The White Vault, VAST Horizon, , and Dark Dice.
Vengroff was born in Centerport, New York, and moved to Sarasota, Florida at a young age when his father Harvey Vengroff opened a new location for their family business.
The Vengroffs traveled the US east coast for a year on their boat Lollipop while still keeping their son enrolled in public school.
It was on long family trips by boat and RV that Vengroff found his appreciation for audiobooks, which later influenced his entry into podcasting.
Vengroff grew up in Sarasota, initially pursuing creative endeavors through short films, his first featuring over eighty actors as zombies and closing down Sarasota’s main street.
In college, Vengroff studied acting at the New York Film Academy, game design at the The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, and business management at USF, graduating in 2009.
Prior to becoming a full-time podcaster, Vengroff was the president of Vengroff Williams Inc, one of the world’s largest collection agencies.
He also worked with his father and brother in real estate from 2006-2019, creating and managing affordable apartments in Sarasota, Bradenton, Orlando, and Memphis.
Vengroff found the creation process of audio drama to be faster and more enjoyable than comic books, so he co-founded Fool & Scholar Productions with Statz as a means of expanding their podcast stories.
The ongoing podcast has been praised for its diverse cast, immersive soundscape, scientific and auditory authenticity, and use of different languages.
It has been featured on the front pages of iTunes, Pandora Radio, Spotify, and Himalaya, on the top 10 charts for The Arts and Performing Arts on iTunes, on the top 50 chart for ‘All of iTunes’ in the US, and on numerous blogs for ‘Best Podcasts/Audio Dramas of 2017/2018’.
Vigilance received praise for its audio design, and was nominated for several Audio Verse Awards in the fields of sound design, production, and acting.
VAST Horizon has received critical praise for its sound design and acting, winning 4 Audio Verse Awards in its first year.
Vengroff has given lectures and panels at New York Comic Con, The Austin Film Festival, Podfest, Podx, Podtales, Podcon, Emerald City Comic Con, MAGFest, and TEDx: Ideas Worth Sharing.
The first volume (which contains the first three chapters) was released at New York Comic Con in October, 2016, and sold over 300 copies that weekend .
Random Encounter was known for its high energy and visual antics at their live shows and Vengroff was known for crowd surfing with his accordion.
Vengroff and Random Encounter gained a fanatical following throughout Orlando and the greater east coast nerd-music scene by becoming a part of the world's first video game themed band tour, performing at venues like Nerdapalooza, MAGFest, Gencon, Otakon, SXSW, the Hard Rock Live (Orlando).
Known for impromptu performances in Orlando, such as leading a parade of zombies, Random Encounter was also selected as the Best Rock Act in Central Florida for 2013, the Best Indie Act in Central Florida for 2012, and the Best Folk Act in Central Florida for 2011 by the Orlando Weekly.
During the winter of 2014, Vengroff went on a 10-day tour of Europe with Video Games Live, traveling through the UK, France, Finland, Sweden, and Spain.
He served as the Industry Minister 7 December 1989 to 3 March 1990, Health and Family Welfare Minister from 21 March 1995 to 14 August 1998 and Urban Development Minister from 24 August 1998 to 17 February 1999.
It was the second edition of Sky Music's annual award ceremony to recognize achievements in the regional music industry of former Yugoslavia for the eligibility year, which ran from January 1, 2018 to August 30, 2019.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place on 25 September at the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium.
The earthquake's epicentre was close to the town of Sivrice in Elazığ Province and felt in the neighbouring provinces of Diyarbakır, Malatya and Adıyaman, and the neighbouring countries of Armenia, Syria and Iran.
Most of Turkey lies on the Anatolian Plate, which is being forced westwards by the collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
This westward movement is accommodated by two large strike-slip fault zones, the west-east trending right lateral North Anatolian Fault in the north of the country and the SW-NE trending left lateral East Anatolian Fault towards the south-east.
The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7 and a depth of according to ANSS and 6.5 and a depth of according to the Kandilli Observatory.
The observed focal mechanism and the epicentral location are consistent with the earthquake being caused by movement on the East Anatolian Fault.
Many aftershocks were detected following the earthquake, among which 17 were reported to be of magnitude 4.0 or greater with the largest being a 5.1 event at 16:30 UTC on 25 January.
Just in the two cities, 87 multistory buildings collapsed with another 1,287 being so damaged that they will have to be demolished.
On 25 January, officials stated that more than 20 people are still trapped, with the number of people rescued reaching 42 so far, according to the BBC.
Turkey’s Interior Minister added that at least 15,000 people are sleeping in gymnasiums and schools, and more than 5,000 tents have been installed for the victims displaced by the earthquake.
The Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority deployed 400 search and rescue teams to the affected regions alongside relief supplies, totalling 3,699 personnel.
Turkish president Recep Erdoğan cancelled a scheduled attendance at the Foreign Economic Relations Board and visited the region on 25 January 2020 where he attended the funerals of a mother and son who died in the earthquake.
After the funeral, Erdoğan was said to have visited hospitals where the victims of the quake were admitted, as well as locations of collapsed buildings.
President Erdoğan stated earlier on Saturday, that the ministers of Interior, Health and Environment have been sent to areas affected by the quake, according to CNN.
Furthermore, the Turkish president has assured that steel-framed houses will be built for the victims who lost their homes in the quake.
On Sunday, as the rescue teams began winding down their rescue operation, a mother and her young child were said to have been removed from beneath a collapsed building, according to the Guardian.
During a news conference on Sunday, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated that so far at least 45 people have been rescued from the rubble.
The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners is a first-person shooter for Windows and PlayStation 4, developed by Skydance Interactive and Skybound Entertainment.
Initially released on Steam and Oculus platform on January 23, 2020, it is due to be released on PlayStation VR in Spring 2020 and Oculus Quest later in the year.
Players will be able to scale buildings to ambush enemies and attack from a distance with throwing weapons, bows, and long-range firearms.
The New Zealand Memorial Cross is awarded to the next of kin of New Zealand service personnel who, since September 1939, have been killed on active service or later died of their wounds.
It was awarded to family members of servicemen who died on active service during the Second World War, including those whose later death was attributable to their war service.
Eligibility included both those serving with New Zealand forces and New Zealanders serving with other British Commonwealth forces, including the merchant navy.
Up to two crosses could be awarded to the family of each individual, and was intended primarily for widows and mothers.
Where the mother had died, the first cross was awarded to the father, or if he had also died, to the eldest sister, or eldest brother where there is no living sister.
The cross has been awarded to the families of more than 11,671 New Zealand service personnel who died in the Second World War, with a further 136 relating to conflicts since 1945.
The Memorial Cross is in the form of a cross patoncé in dull silver, across, with arms slightly flared at the ends.
At the top of the vertical arm is a St. Edward's Crown, with a fern leaf at the end of each of the other arms.
The design is based on the Canadian Memorial Cross, with a fern leaf replacing a maple leaf at the end of the three lower arms of the cross.
During Anime Expo 2019, Wit Studio revealed that they are producing a new 23-episode original anime television series that is directed by Hiro Kaburagi and written by Ryota Kosawa.
The Army gave the contract to a group composed of seven companies Lockheed Martin, SAIC, GS Engineering, Inc., Moog Inc., Hodges Transportation Inc. and Roush Industries, Ostrowski.
It was announced in March 2018 that Next generation combat vehicle team had select the Optionally-Manned Fighting Vehicle as a prototype to replace the M-2 Bradley and the M-2 Limitations.
The Zamindars of Kanihati (), also known as the Chaudhury family of Kanihati (), are a notable zamindar family of the Sylhet region.
The family was started with the marriage of a Tripuri princess with Abd al-Malik, the son of Shah Halim ad-Din Narnauli - an Arab Sufi saint and companion of Shah Jalal.
Following the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303, Shah Halim ad-Din, a Sufi saint who previously lived in Narnaul, and his son, Dawlat Shah Abd al-Malik, migrated to Kanihati which was ruled by Aslam Roy of Kailashahar.
After becoming a Muslim, Roy felt that Halim was more deserving of his kingdom and so he migrated elsewhere to seek further knowledge, leaving behind his wife, Kani, also known as the Kanak Rani.
Helimuddin built her a house and pond, and this remains in existence, known as Kanir Bari and Kanir Pukur to the locals.
Kani's daughter, Rajrani, grew a love for the religion of Islam as well, eventually becoming a Muslima and changing her name to Bibi Hasiba.
Abd al-Malik and Hasiba had a daughter, Bibi Hamira, who married Shah Mustafa, of Chandrapur, and they had a son called Shah Hasan.
Abd al-Malik and Hamira moved to the village of Kaula and gave birth to another son by the name of Sultan Khan.
During the reign of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah, the Zamindars of Kanihati were suppressed in supporting Bazid of Pratapgarh by the Sultan's minister Minister Sarwar.
His eldest son founded Sirajpur, which he also named after his wife, Siraj Bibi and his second son Ismail Khan settled in Ismailpur.
Afzal was the father of Mian ad-Din who had two sons by the name of Nasir ad-Din and Eshab ad-Din Yusuf.
Nasir ad-Din was loyal to the Mughal Empire and assisted Islam Khan I and Lodi Khan, the Qanungoh of Sylhet, in defeating the Afghan chieftain Khwaja Usman in 1612.
As a reward, Nasir was granted the villages of Paboi and Mahtabpur and given the title of Chowdhury on the 21st Safar.
Their sons were Akmal Ali, Maqbulur Rahman, Arzad Ali, Mahmud Ali Haydar and Ajmal Ali, and their daughters were Qamar un-Nisa, Najm un-Nisa and Asmat un-Nisa.
In the 1940s, he was a general organiser for tea garden labourers, civil teachers and clerks and also helped in employment opportunities for young Muslims, who were hugely underrepresented.
Travelling alongside the likes of Aftab Ali, Abdul Motaleb Malik and Faiz Ahmad Faiz, he took part in many conferences of the International Labour Organization, visiting Havana, Miami, Iraq, Geneva and Iceland.
His work was instrumental for Sylheti seamen and lascars that settled in the United Kingdom, lobbying their problems to senior politicians, even back in Karachi and Dhaka.
This led to Todd's interest in the woman's suffrage movement.In 1910, she took part in an automobile tour to support women's suffrage where she and others spoke to factory workers.
Women in San Francisco asked her to stay on to help organize and support the effort to encourage women to vote in California.
Todd asked women in California to use their right to vote in order to help make life better for workers, especially women workers.
Todd went on to help in other states to win women's suffrage, but eventually came to feel that an amendment for national women's suffrage was critical.
In 1916 she was an envoy for the state of New York on the Suffrage Special, which toured the United States encouraging support for national women's suffrage.
She helped create low-cost housing called Twin Oaks in Greenwich Village for artists, working with Otto H. Kahn and Samuel Untermyer.
He first started in the native Fukuno-ryū style, but later branched off to the more popular Kitō-ryū and Tenjin Shinyō-ryū, training under master Takeshi Sawada.
Legend has that Okuda formed part of the Shinsengumi, and it was even rumored that he was one of the killers of Ryoma Sakamoto in 1867, but none of this was ever proven.
In 1868, he young Okuda became part of the Shōgitai and participated in the Boshin War, managing to survive the loss of his unit at the Battle of Ueno.
He eventually landed in Tokyo, where he fought in 1879 a challenge match against an American wrestler at the Shibusawa Library.
Although Okuda was outweighed to the point of looking like a child next to his opponent, he won the match, throwing the American down with seoi nage and tomoe nage.
The same year, Okuda opened a Kitō-ryū dojo, and became a hand-to-hand instructor for several police services, among them the prestigious Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.
In 1884, while still a police teacher, Okuda created a personal jujutsu style, , which integrated all the knowledge from the multiple styles he knew and researched.
He did train with other stylists, mainly the eminent Yoshin-ryū school led by Hikosuke Totsuka, where he became friends with its exponent Morikichi Otake and fellow Tenjin Shinyō-ryū practitioner Daihachi Ichikawa.
This alignement to the Totsuka school ironically pitted Okuda against another integrator of jujutsu, Jigoro Kano, whose Kodokan dojo was becoming infamous in the jujutsu community for its heterodoxy.
In 1885, Ichikawa, Otake and Okuda performed a dojoyaburi on the Kodokan, leading Okuda to fight a bout against Saigō Shirō.
Though Okuda was taller and heavier, he was defeated, being thrown repeatedly by koshi nage and deashi barai before Saigō finished him by yama arashi.
Okuda didn't participate further in the Kodokan-Totsuka rivalry, and in 1893 he moved his field of activity to the Iwate Prefecture by invitation of governor Ichizo Hattori.
As a consequence, he was not among the jujutsu masters gathered by Kano at the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai to inaugurate its jujutsu division in 1895 either.
In 1901, he opened a judo dojo in the city of Morioka, and he became an usual attender of tournaments and events while keeping his police teacher job.
His high knowledge and personal approach to throws were popularly nicknamed his , possibly in reference to his purported participation in the killings of the Shinsengumi.
Okuda had a last highlight in 1903 when he faced a young Kyuzo Mifune in a tournament, throwing him four times before predicting he would become a judo legend.
He has also competed at the 1998 Asian Games in the men's 105 kg event, although he didn't registered a mark.
Solis is also the head coach for the Philippine weightlifting team multiple times with his latest tenure as coach starting in August 2019.
He has coached the national weightlifting team at the Southeast Asian Games in four occasions with the first being the 2005 edition and the 2019 edition being the last.
He is also among the coaches involved in the selection of weightlifters that represented that Philippines at the 2017 Summer Universiade in Taipei.
In 2020, the Union, through its acting Secretary General Junias Shilunga gave a memorandum to start a student union aimed at representing the plights of nursing students across Namibia.
Samuel Ladyman (3 March 1643 - 23 February 1684)was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 18th Century.
The listed buildings consist of a church with memorials in the churchyard, a former chapel, a farmhouse, and a former shepherd's hut.
Huoshenshan Hospital () is an emergency specialty field hospital constructed from 23 January 2020 to 2 February 2020 in response to the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The facility is located near the Zhiyin Lake () in Caidian District, Wuhan, Hubei, China, next to Wuhan Worker Sanatorium (), and is designed to treat people with the 2019 novel coronavirus.
Construction of the hospital began in the evening of 23 January 2020 and operations are scheduled to start by 3 February.
In the beginning, the construction team was understaffed with many workers had to work for two shifts, 12 hours per day.
On 2 February 2020, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force began airlifting medical personnel and supplies to Wuhan for the hospital opening.
State broadcaster CCTV has hosted the streams from the construction of Huoshenshan and Leishenshan Hospital, which together had an average of around 18 million concurrent views on 28 January.
The hospital is modeled after the Xiaotangshan Hospital, which was built in the suburbs of Beijing in six days for the 2003 SARS pandemic.
Christopher W. Stirewalt (born November 17, 1975 in Wheeling, West Virginia) is an American digital politics editor for the Fox News Channel, which he joined in July 2010.
A 1997 graduate of Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, he later served as politics editor at the Charleston Daily Mail and West Virginia Media.
She was sold for commercial use, 7 April 1947, to United States Navigation Co., Inc. After a name and several owner changes she was scrapped in Italy, in 1967.
Montivilliers Abbey (; ) is a former Benedictine nunnery, founded between 682 and 684 by Saint Philibert in the town of Montivilliers in Normandy, in the present department of Seine-Maritime, France.
The abbey was rebuilt in 1025 by Richard II, Duke of Normandy, for a community of monks dependent on Fécamp Abbey.
On 13 January 1035, at a meeting held in Fécamp, Robert I, Duke of Normandy, granted it autonomy as a nunnery once again, for the benefit of his aunt Beatrice.
The re-founded abbey was endowed with numerous estates in the region, and these made it possible, during the time in office of the Abbess Elisabeth in the second half of the 11th century, to undertake the construction of the great abbey church, an excellent example of Norman architecture at the time of William the Conqueror.
In the 15th century, the parish of Saint-Sauveur, which had been granted the first seven bays of the nave of the abbey church, had the north side knocked down so as to double its size with a large Gothic extension.
From the 16th to the 18th century, the abbey continued to have great influence, especially under the direction of the Abbess Louise de L'Hospital (1596-1643), during whose time in office the abbey was reformed, in 1602.
They were sold off in 1811, and used for industrial purposes: as a cotton spinning mill, then as a sugar refinery and finally as a brewery from 1857.
In 1975, the municipality of Montivilliers initiated a review of the future of the abbey site, which was favourably concluded in 1977.
It was originally supposed to have two towers, like the churches of Jumièges and Boscherville, but only the northern one has survived.
The arms of the transept are covered with rib vaults of archaic style, without keys, separated by a band decorated with chevrons ().
The choir, three bays deep and much modified in the 17th century, still reveals its primitive Romanesque structure, especially in the high columns that marked the start of the semicircle of the apse.
It is bordered to the west by the former residence of the abbesses, a stone construction dating from the 18th century.
To the south lies a 15th- or early 16th-century building of cut stone and flint included the refectory on the ground floor and a dormitory with cells on the first floor, which has preserved 16th-century carpentry work of chestnut wood.
On the east side, in the extension of the south transept of the abbey church, the old chapter room is a vaulted room dating back to the 11th century.
The ribbed vaults rest along the walls on applied columns with hooked capitals and, in the centre, on a row of round columns.
As she became established in the role, she led a fusion of various activist women's organisations in Mannheim into a single body.
War broke out (from a German perspective) on 1 August 1914, with Germany's declaration of war against Russia, following a Russian general military mobilisation the previous day.
Despite having celebrated his sixtieth birthday less than a week earlier, immediately volunteered for military service: Julie Bassermann, on 3 August 1914, organised a Mannheim local group of the , a national organisation set up three days earlier, which saw itself as providing the female equivalent of the frontline service given by men.
A year later she got together with , her friend Alice Bensheimer and Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner to create a , in Mannheim.
The emperor was gone, and even as a succession of predominantly localised revolutions broke out, mainly in the ports and cities, it was possible to view a republican future with a certain measure of cautious hope or even, some said, optimism.
The voting age had been reduced since 1912 from 25 to 20, and the old constituency based voting sytem which had disproportionately favoured conservative rural areas was replaced with a more democratic proportional representation voting process.
On 8 February 1982, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps raided the safe house of Rabiei in northern Tehran and after three hours of gunshots, she was killed along with other MEK members including Mousa Khiabani and his wife Azar Rezaei, among others.
He worked his way up to executive positions not just with Florsheim but I. Miller & Sons in Chicago, Thalheimers Department Store in Richmond, Virginia, Pizitz Department Store in Birmingham, Alabama and, from 1950 to 1962, with the Hecht Company in Baltimore.
When the May Company took over Hecht’s, Swaebe moved to Los Angeles in 1962 to president and chairman of its regional operations.
For a short time, he moved to New York to be chief executive of Abercrombie & Fitch during the store's bankruptcy proceedings.
The editorial line was strongly influenced by Charles Maurras and came to represent more intransigently right-wing Catholic opinion in contrast to the constitutionalism and pragmatism of the Catholic Party.
The editor, who regarded parliamentary democracy as a façade for the business interests that controlled affairs behind the scenes, expressed sympathy for Italian fascism in the 1920s and for Spanish nationalism in the 1930s, and called for authoritarian political reform in Belgium.
Marko Konatar (; born 25 March 2000) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Serbian club Red Star Belgrade.
As a searchlight unit in World War II it defended the West Country against air raids before moving to the East Coast late in the war.
It continued in the postwar Territorial Army (TA) as a heavy anti-aircraft artillery regiment until amalgamated with other Gloucestershire units in 1955.
The City of Bristol was one of several English localities that organised an 'armed association' of volunteers for home defence during the Jacobite Rising of 1745, supplementing the professionals of the Regular Army and the embodied Militia.
The French Revolutionary War saw the passing of the Volunteer Act, 1794, which encouraged the enlistment of part-time local Volunteer corps under the authority of the county Lords-lieutenant.
A large number of these were formed in Gloucestershire, including the Bristol Volunteer Infantry, officially formed on 23 March 1797 and commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Evan Baillie, a Bristol merchant who had served as a junior officer in the West Indies during the Seven Years' War.
The unit had begun to form on 17 February 1797, but even before being officially accepted its first duty was to guard the French prisoners of war confined at Stapleton Prison after the Militia regiments stationed in the city were sent to deal with the French landing in Pembrokeshire on 22 February 1797 (the Battle of Fishguard).
By January 1798 the unit was of battalion strength, with 1000 men enrolled, and an adjutant and permanent staff of Sergeants and drummers.
Volunteer units could be called out 'in aid of the civil power': the Bristol Volunteers were on duty during the Bristol food riots of April 1801.
Volunteers also received pay while on service: a national shortage of bronze coinage meant that the Bristol Volunteers, like some other units, minted their own tokens.
The Volunteers were disbanded at the Peace of Amiens in 1802, but when the peace broke down the following year and there was a renewed threat of invasion, units were rapidly formed or reformed.
The Bristol unit reformed on 25 October 1803 as the Royal Bristol Volunteers (though no authorisation can be found for the assumption of the 'Royal' title, which it shared with the Royal Bristol Artillery Volunteers).
It was once again commanded by Lt-Col Baillie (now MP for Bristol), and had the Mayor of Bristol as its Honorary Colonel.
With muskets in short supply, Lt-Col Baillie improvised by buying up all the mop-sticks in the city and having iron spikes mounted on them.
The affluent Bristol suburb of Clifton had its own corps, the Clifton Volunteer Infantry, which merged with that at Westbury-on-Trym in March 1804 to form the Loyal United Westbury and Clifton Volunteer Infantry under the command of Lt-Col T. Coke, formerly of the Honourable East India Company's 15th Madras Native Infantry.
Clifton was also the headquarters (HQ) of the Somerset Riflemen, raised and maintained at his own expense by Captain Sir John Jervis White Jervis, 1st Baronet, who lived in the area.
The old Volunteers were disbanded at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, but popular enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following a new invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many new Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs).
One such unit was the City of Bristol Rifles formed under the command of Lt-Col Robert Bush, formerly a Major in the 96th Regiment of Foot, who was commissioned on 13 September 1859.
It was permitted to include 'City of Bristol' as part of its official title, with the Mayor of Bristol as its Honorary Colonel, and it adopted the motto of the old Royal Bristol Volunteers, 'In Danger, Ready'.
Bush was succeeded as commanding officer (CO) on 23 January 1866 by Brevet Colonel Philpotts Wright Taylor, formerly of the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment, who held the position until the 1880s.
Under the 'Localisation of the Forces' scheme introduced by the Cardwell Reforms of 1872, Volunteers were grouped into county brigades with their local Regular and Militia battalions – Brigade No 37 (Gloucestershire) in Western District for the Bristol Battalion.
The Childers Reforms of 1881 took Cardwell's reforms further, and the Volunteers were formally affiliated to their local Regular regiment, in Bristol's case the Gloucestershire Regiment ('Glosters'), and on 1 May 1883 the battalion changed its title to 1st (City of Bristol) Volunteer Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment.
When a comprehensive mobilisation scheme for the Volunteers was established after the Stanhope Memorandum of December 1888, the 1st VB of the Gloucesters was assigned to the Severn Brigade, charged with defending the ports of the Severn Estuary.
The Volunteer Infantry Brigades were reorganised in 1906–07, when all the Gloucester Regiment VBs were assigned for training to the Portland Brigade, defending the Royal Navy's base at Portland Harbour.
A detachment of volunteers from the battalion served in the Second Boer War, winning the unit its first Battle honour: South Africa 1900–1902.The Bristol Grammar School Cadet Corps was affiliated to the battalion in 1900 and an eleventh company was authorised in 1902.
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the Territorial Force under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the battalion became the 4th (City of Bristol) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment.
Battalion HQ was at Queen's Road, Clifton, next to Bristol Museum, together with all the companies except F Company, which had a drill station in the parish of St George's Bristol.
On the outbreak of war in August 1914 the units of the South Midland Division had just set out for annual training when orders recalled them to their home depots for mobilisation.
The battalion went to Swindon, Wiltshire, shortly afterwards moving to Maldon, Essex, where the division was concentrating as part of Central Force.
On 15 August 1914, the War Office issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form them into reserve units.
On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service.
The South Midland Division underwent progressive training in Essex, and on 13 March 1915 received orders to embark to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France.
The Gloucester and Worcester Brigade crossed from Folkestone to Boulogne, and by 3 April the whole division had concentrated near Cassel.
On 12 May 1915 the division was designated 48th (South Midland) Division and the brigade became 144th (Gloucester and Worcester) Brigade.
The battalion served in the trenches for 16 months before it participated in its first major battle, during the Somme offensive.
On the First day on the Somme (1 July) the battalion was in reserve and did not participate in the division's actions.
On the night of 15 July it went into the line in front of Ovillers-la-Boisselle and at 16.00 on 16 July attacked the German lines as part of the Battle of Bazentin Ridge.
The three attacking companies had each lost about 80 men, but after fighting off violent counter-attacks the battalion went 'over the top' again at 17.00 on 18 July and successfully captured the northern end of Ovillers.
The 1/4th tried to help by bombing its way down the trench from the left, but when the 1/6th was overwhelmed the 1/4th was ordered to halt.
The battalion spent the winter on the Ancre Heights, and then participated in following the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line (Operation Alberich) in the spring of 1917.
During the Third Ypres Offensive the 1/4th Battalion fought in the costly battles of Langemarck (16–18 August), Polygon Wood (28 September–3 October), Broodseinde (4 October) and finally Poelcappelle (9 October), when 144th Bde was 'raked by machine-gun fire at the outset'.
On 1 March 1918 the division relieved 7th Division in the front line of the Montello sector on the Piave Front, and held the line until 16 March.
On 15 June the Austro-Hungarian Army made what proved to be its last attack, known to the British participants as the Battle of Asiago.
The 48th (SM) Division had been particularly hard-hit by the Spanish flu epidemic, and the average strength of the 1/4th Gloucesters' four companies was only 70 men instead of the establishment of 250.
The battalion was at the foot of the mountain in reserve, and although it was brought up to the line by lorry it took no part in the counter-attack that regained 48th (SM) Division's positions.
The 1/4th Gloucesters carried out a raid on the night of 23/24 October as a diversion from the Allied offensive to be launched next morning (the Battle of Vittorio Veneto).
The battalion attacked the village of Ave and took prisoner six officers and 223 other ranks for the loss of four men wounded.
Defeated on the Piave, the Austrians abandoned their positions on the Asiago Plateau on 29/30 October, and the 48th (SM) Division began a pursuit.
A flank attack the following morning shifted the Austrian defenders, and the pursuit continued down the gorge of the Val d'Assa.
On 3 November 1918, at Osteria del Termine, the division surrounded and captured a large force of Austrian troops including the corps commander and three divisional commanders.
By 15.00 on 4 November, when the Armistice with Austria came into force, the division had pushed forward into the Trentino.
The 2nd Line battalion was raised on 6 September 1914 and took its place in 2/1st Gloucester and Worcester Brigade in 2nd South Midland Division.
It was not until the division concentrated at Northampton in January 1915 that the men were issued with .256-in Japanese Ariska rifles with which to train.
Here they formed part of First Army of Central Force, but when the 1st South Midland Division went to France, the 2nd took its place at Chelmsford and became part of Third Army of Central Force, with a definite role in Home Defence.
The battalions formed their machine gun sections while at Chelmsford, but the strength of the battalions fluctuated widely as they were drawn upon for drafts for their 1st Line battalions.
In August 1915 the division was numbered as the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division and the brigade became the 183rd (2nd Gloucester and Worcester) Brigade.
In February and March 1916 the units of 61st (2nd SM) Division moved to Salisbury Plain to begin final training for overseas service.
Here they were issued with .303 SMLE rifles in place of the Japanese weapons, and four Lewis guns per battalion in place of dummy guns and antique Maxim guns.
Unlike the 48th (SM) Division, which had over a year of trench service before undertaking its first attack, the 61st had only a matter of weeks.
After a short tour of duty for each battalion in the front line near Neuve Chapelle they were thrown into the Attack at Fromelles on 19 July 1916.
In a diversionary attack to relieve pressure on the Somme front, the attacking troops were committed to a short advance over flat, waterlogged country against strong defences including concrete machine gun emplacements.
2/4th Gloucesters were among the attacking battalions, and suffered from German shellfire while they waited all day in their jumping-off positions.
When the signal was given to advance the men were hit by Shrapnel shells as they tried to exit the Sally ports, and these had to be abandoned and the men went 'over the top' of the parapet.
61st (2nd SM) Division moved to Ypres in July, and was put in as a fresh formation at the end of the Battle of Langemarck on 22 August.
After the Ypres offensive ended, 61st (2nd SM) Division moved south to relieve British formations exhausted by German counter-attacks after the Battle of Cambrai.
On 3 December a heavy attack forced the Gloucestershire battalions out of their positions at La Vacquerie and back to the slopes of Welsh Ridge.
Due to the manpower shortage being suffered by the BEF, 183rd Bde was broken up on 20 February 1918, the men of 2/4th and 2/6th Gloucesters being distributed to the 2/5th Gloucesters and to No 55 Infantry Base Depot, with the remainder joining the rest of the brigade in the 24th Entrenching Battalion.
The 3rd Line battalions of the Gloucesters formed at their depots during 1915 (the 3/4th on 1 May) and moved to Weston-super-Mare.
On 8 April 1916 they were redesignated Reserve Battalions, and on 1 September at Ludgershall, Wiltshire, the 4th (City of Bristol) Reserve Bn absorbed the former 3/5th and 3/6th.
The 4th Reserve Bn then moved to Cheltenham in the winter of 1916–17, to Catterick Garrison in March 1917, to Horton in July 1917, and finally to Seaton Delaval in October 1917 for duty with the Tyne Garrison.
The remaining Home Service men were separated from the 3rd Line battalions in May 1915 and formed into Provisional Battalions for home defence.
The men of 4th Gloucesters joined with those from the rest of the Gloucester and Worcester Brigade (6th Gloucesters and 7th and 8th Worcestershire Regiment) to form 82nd Provisional Battalion in 7th Provisional Brigade.
The Military Service Act 1916 swept away the Home/Foreign service distinction, and all TF soldiers became liable for overseas service, if medically fit.
The Provisional Battalions thus became anomalous, and at the end of 1916 became numbered battalions of their parent unit, the 82nd becoming 17th Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment.
Part of the unit's role was physical conditioning to render men fit for drafting oversea, and 17th Gloucesters remained in the East Coast defences at Clacton-on-Sea and later at St Osyth for the rest of the war.
The battalion's drill hall had been bought by Bristol Museum and Bristol University just before the war, and a new drill hall was built in Old Market Street.
In the 1930s the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence for Britain's cities was addressed by converting a number of TA infantry battalions into searchlight (S/L) units.
The 4th Gloucesters was one unit selected for this role, becoming 4th (City of Bristol) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (66th Searchlight Regiment) on 1 November 1938, with HQ, 447, 448 and 449 S/L Companies at Bristol.
The brigade commanded the 'Bristol Defended Area', including potential targets such as Avonmouth Docks and the Bristol Aeroplane Company factory at Filton Aerodrome.
In February 1939 the existing AA defences came under the control of a new Anti-Aircraft Command and In June a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA and searchlight positions.
In the near-total absence of light AA (LAA) guns, detachments from other units were deployed with Lewis guns (LGs) during October and November 1939 to cover various Royal Air Force (RAF) airfields and aircraft factories designated as Vulnerable Points (VPs).
As part of the rapid expansion of AA Command, the battalion provided a cadre of trained officers and men to form the basis of a new AA company in mid-January.
Once the Phoney War ended with the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May, 5th AA Division's units were ordered to form picquets and flying columns equipped with rifles and LGs to combat the threat from enemy paratroop landings.
Most actions during the Battle of Britain were over south and south-east England, where RAF airfields were the main targets for day bombers.
In October 448 and 449 S/L Btys experimented with new positions to improve the belts of illumination for RAF night fighters.
The S/L layouts had initially been based on a spacing of , but due to equipment shortages this had been extended to by September 1940.
In November AA Command changed this to clusters of three lights to improve illumination, but this meant that the clusters had to be spaced apart.
The cluster system was an attempt to improve the chances of picking up enemy bombers and keeping them illuminated for engagement by AA guns or night fighters.
Eventually, one light in each cluster was to be equipped with Searchlight Control (SLC) radar and act as 'master light', but the radar equipment was still in short supply.
The expansion of AA defences meant that 5th AA Division was split up on 1 November 1940, with 46 AA Bde and 66 S/L Rgt coming under a new 8th Anti-Aircraft Division, which took responsibility for the City of Bristol and the counties of Somerset, Dorset, Devon and Cornwall.
In November 1940 the regiment sent cadre No 54, consisting of seven officers and 45 other ranks, to form a new battery at 232nd S/L Training Rgt, Devizes.
The city was bombed heavily on 24/25 November, 2/3 and 6/7 December, and 3/4 January 1941, while Avonmouth was hit on 4/5 and 16/17 January.
After a lull in February, Bristol and Avonmouth were hit again on 16/17 March, 3/4, 4/5 and 11/12 April (the Bristol Blitz).
A new 559 S/L Bty formed on 13 February 1941 at 236th S/L Training Rgt, Oswestry, from a cadre supplied by 74th (Essex Fortress) S/L Rgt.
Then a new 69 AA Bde was formed, and on 1 September it took over command of 46 AA Bde's S/L units, including 66th S/L Rgt, which was redeployed to new sites.
By October the availability of SLC radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/L sites to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at intervals in 'Indicator Belts' along the coast and approaches to the GDAs, and 'Killer Belts' at spacing to cooperate with the RAF's night-fighters.
These concentrated on lightly defended targets and avoided the known GDAs like Bristol, but nearby Bath was hit on two successive nights in April and Weston-super-Mare in June, with some misdirected bombs hitting Bristol as well.
By mid-1943, AA Command was being forced to release manpower for overseas service, particularly Operation Overlord (the planned Allied invasion of Normandy) and most S/L regiments lost one of their four batteries.
The rest of the regiment remained in 69 AA Bde, now part of 3 AA Group, until early April 1944, when it came under 64 AA Bde.
Bristol was attacked on the nights of 27/28 March, 23 April and 14 May, but the defences were stronger than in 1941, with plentiful SLC radar to point the S/Ls.
For example, the March attack directed at Bristol consisted of 80 raiders, but as they approached over Dorset they were broken up by the well-directed AA guns and night-fighters: two were shot down, the others scattered their bombs in open country, and one reached the city.
AA Command had plenty of warning that the Germans were developing V-1 flying bombs to use against the UK, and had detailed plans in place (Operation Diver).
This included defences for Bristol comprising successive defence belts across the anticipated flight paths, consisting of S/Ls and LAA guns, then HAA and LAA guns, followed by Barrage balloons and Z Battery rockets before the missiles reached the Bristol GDA.
The V-1s began arriving on 13 June 1944, a week after the Allies had launched their invasion of Normandy on D Day.
Operation Diver was put into effect, but the offensive against Bristol never got under way, because US forces quickly captured the launch sites on the Cherbourg peninsula.
The first V-1 offensive was concentrated against London, and continued until the launching sites in Northern France were overrun by 21st Army Group.
On 23 September the regiment was reinforced by E Trp of the disbanding 461 S/L Bty of 70th (Sussex) S/L Rgt, which joined as E/448 Trp.
So many units were crowded into Eastern England that a new HQ, 9 AA Gp, was created to control the defences of East Anglia, including 56 AA Bde.
AA Command's success rate in this phase was impressive: out of a total of 492 V-1 targets, 320 were shot down, and only 13 reached London.
A last gasp of V-1 attacks was launched from sites in the Netherlands in early March, 1945, but by now AA Command's success rate against these missiles was 80–100 per cent.
RHQ of 66th S/L Rgt and 447, 448 and 449 S/L Btys began entering suspended animation at Shouldham, near King's Lynn, on 16 May 1945, and the process was completed by 17 October 1945.
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 66th S/L Rgt was reformed as 601 (City of Bristol) (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery ('Mixed' indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were integrated into the unit).
Now equipped with HAA guns rather than S/Ls it formed part of Bristol-based 72 AA Bde (the wartime 46 AA Bde).
When AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955 there were wholescale mergers among its subordinate units: 601 (City of Bristol) HAA Rgt amalgamated with 312 (Gloucestershire) and 266 (Gloucestershire Volunteer Artillery) HAA Rgts to form 311 (City of Bristol) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, to which it contributed R (City of Bristol) Bty.
On 1 May 1961 there was a further reorganisation: part of the regiment merged with 883 (Bristol) Locating Bty to form 883 (Gloucestershire Volunteer Artillery) Locating Bty, while R Bty reverted to infantry and merged with two companies of 5th Gloucesters, retaining the City of Bristol title.
Despite several further mergers, B Company of 2nd Bn Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment kept its 'City of Bristol' subtitle until the battalion was disbanded in 1999.
When the unit was re-raised in 1803 as the Royal Bristol Volunteers, the facing colour was changed to the blue appropriate to a 'Royal' regiment; the breeches were white and the officers' lace was silver.
Jervis's Somerset Riflemen followed the fashion of the Rifle Brigade by wearing Rifle green jackets and breeches with black facings and lace.
On the formation of the TF in 1908 the 4th Bn gave up its green uniform and adopted the full dress uniform of the 'Glosters': scarlet with white facings.
In 1918 the contribution of the TF battalions during World War I was recognised when they were permitted to adopt the famous 'Back Badge' of the Glosters (worn on the back of the headgear to commemorate the back-to-back fight of the 28th Foot at the Battle of Alexandria, 1801).
In 1953 a supplementary arm title was officially approved for wear by 601 HAA Rgt, consisting of 'CITY OF BRISTOL' embroidered in black on a rifle green backing; it was worn on the sleeve of the battledress just beneath the embroidered Royal Artillery title.
The Honorary Colonel of the battalion, from the days of the Royal Bristol Volunteers to the amalgamation of 601 (City of Bristol) HAA Regiment, was always the serving Mayor (from 1899 Lord Mayor) of Bristol.
Bicks Ndoni (1958 – 20 January 2020) was a South African politician who served as chief whip of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality from August 2018 until his death in January 2020.
Ndoni became the deputy mayor of Nelson Mandela Bay in May 2015, as the ANC announced a leadership reshuffle in the municipality.
In 1699 he became Chancellor of Killaloe and in 1705 Archdeacon of Limerick holding both positions until his death until his death.
Born in the Santana neighborhood in São Paulo, she graduated in cinema from University of São Paulo's School of Communications and Arts (ECA-USP), and participated in some films made by students of the cinema course at ECA, as well as a stage actress, but became nationally known as VJ of MTV Brasil.
Soninha started working at MTV in São Paulo as a production assistant, then as a director and production coordinator, and then a writer, writing the texts for the VJs.
In 2004, she ran for and won the election for city councilor of the city of São Paulo by the Workers' Party(PT),with a total of 50,989 votes, exercising her term until 2008.
In the São Paulo City Council, he defended issues related to LGBT rights youth, sport, culture, accessibility, information technology and knowledge democratization, housing and the environment.
She was a proponent and rapporteur of the Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry for Labor Analogous to Slavery in the municipality of São Paulo and rapporteur of the Parliamentary Commission for Studies on Climate Change and its effects in the municipality of São Paulo..
In 2006, she ran for the election for federal deputy for PT, but was not elected, receiving a total of 44,953 votes.
Soninha got 266,978 votes (4,19% of total votes).In 2009, she was named sub-mayor of Lapa by the mayor of São Paulo, Gilberto Kassab.
She remained in the position until March 31, 2010, when he left with the intention of running for Governor of São Paulo state, which ended up not happening as her party decided to support the Brazilian Social Democracy Party candidate Geraldo Alckmin.
In February 2011, she assumed the position of superintendent at SUTACO, from which he left in June 2012 to run for the second time for the city of São Paulo.
In 2015, she was invited, by governor Geraldo Alckmin, to assume the Coordination of Policies for Sexual Diversity in São Paulo.
The Silencing is an upcoming American-Canadian crime thriller film directed by Robin Pront and starring Annabelle Wallis, Hero Fiennes-Tiffin, and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau.
Edda Tasiemka née Hoppe (1922–2019) was an archivist who, with her husband Hans, maintained a large library of press cuttings which was used by authors and journalists in London.
Having trained as a draughtswoman, she worked for the British army of occupation after the Second World War and met Hans Tamienka in 1949, when he was working as an interpreter for the war crimes trials.
Even though it was housed in their home in Golders Green, they accumulated about six million cuttings from magazines and newspapers dating back to the 19th century.
These were filed by person – celebrities such as royalty and sportsmen – and by topics such as bigamy and sneezing.
It had a better international coverage than newspapers' own cuttings libraries and those libraries were disrupted or destroyed when the newspapers moved out of Fleet Street in the 1980s.
Edda had an assistant to operate the library but when she became too frail in 2018, the library was transferred to the Hyman Archive, which hopes to digitise it.
The hospital has its origins in the Beverley Union Workhouse which was designed by John and William Atkinson and opened in 1861.
After services transferred to the East Riding Community Hospital in July 2012, Westwood Hospital and the buildings were redeveloped for residential use by PJ Livesey as Westwood Park.
Grimley, by her own account, grew up in a comfortable home but was aware of the severe poverty and deprivation around her.
At age 11, she began her career as a mill worker part time while continuing to attend school three days a week.
She was involved in the trade union movement from 1912, becoming a member of the Belfast branch of the Irish Women Workers' Union (IWWU).
It was through the union that she met James Connolly, who was impressed by her manner, and offered her a full time position as a union organiser at the offices of the Irish Textile Workers' Union (ITWU) in York Street.
Initially she received no wage, but soon developed a reputation for addressing large public meetings as an animated speaker, who proved very popular with factory girls.
Her husband was a postman who was active in the Socialist Party of Ireland, and then the Belfast labour party from 1918.
After the birth of their first child in the summer of 1916, Grimley had less time for the union movement, and while she was a member of Cumann na mBan, she did not take an active role in the War of Independence.
She ran a secondhand furniture shop near Newtonards Road, but the family were forced to move to Dublin in 1935 following the outbreak of sectarian violence in Belfast.
She was initially coordinator and curator in 1988 and from 1991 to 2007 the first artistic director on the board of the Generali Foundation (founding director).
In developing the initial plans for a collection of Austrian sculpture, she expanded the Generali Foundation's art collection with a focus on conceptual and critical art.
In 2003 and 2004 she was one of the curators of the International Liverpool Biennial and from 2003 to 2008 she was a member of the University Council of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.
From 2010 to 2013 she was chief curator for media and performance art at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York.
In the same year she completed the second part of her two-year project Utopia and Monument for the Styrian Autumn, which she had began the previous year.
In 2014, as part of her work as director, she agreed to a partnership with Generali and the relocation of the collection she had built up from Vienna to the Museum of Modern Salzburg (MdMS).
Stone also exhibited works at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, the Henry Art Gallery, the Oakland Art Gallery, the Portland Art Museum, and the Seattle Art Museum Her work has been characterized as American Impressionist.
A church at the site was likely present by the year 1000, but it was rebuilt in 1593, 1775, and finally in the first half of the 19th century.
James Crichton was a young polymath, who was murdered in unusual circumstances at the age of 21 years by the jealous son of the Duke of Mantua, Guglielmo Gonzaga, Vincenzo.
It is a densely tufted, rhizomatomous plant, whose rhizomes are about 5 mm in diameter and horizontal in plants on the South Island ascending in plants from Auckland and Campbell Is.
The stems are 8-40 cm by 0.5 mm., and crowded on the rhizome with reddish brown bracts at their base, the upper conspicuously mucronate.
The Abbey Bible is an illuminated Bible created in Bologna, Italy sometime in the mid-thirteenth century and now held in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
The next big leap into high-rise construction was the Kharkiv skyscrapers: 13-storey Derzhprom (1928) with 68 meters and 14-story Project House (1932) with 68.5 meters.
In addition, several other skyscrapers began to be built in Soviet times: the KyivTV-center and the House of the USSR Ministry of Melioration in Kyiv, and the «Parus» Hotel in the Dnipro.
The TV-center was completed in 1992, the House of USSR Ministry of Melioration was completed in 2006 in the form of an appellate court, and the construction of the «Parus» Hotel in Dnipro was finally halted in 1995, leaving 80% ready.
The jump to high-rise construction began in the late 1990s when the law on high-rise construction was declared invalid and the state's economy made it possible to construct large-scale buildings; since then, more than 30 homes over 100 meters have been built in the country.
In the long-term plans is the construction of the skyscrapers of Kyiv, Dnipro, Donetsk, Kharkiv and other major cities of Ukraine.
In 2007–2015, the 214-meter multifunctional complex «Sky Towers» was constructing in Kyiv, which is to become the first building in Ukraine to cross the 200-meter mark.
Plans include 53-story «Victory Towers» (now a 36-story residential complex «Manhattan City» is under construction), a 45-story complex in Protasiv Yar, a 60-story «Cadetsky Gai» Center in Kyiv, a 54-story multifunctional complex «Brama» in the Dnipro.
The project of a large-scale business center «Kyiv-City» on the Rybalsky Island, where skyscrapers could stand 200-300 meters in height, is still unrealized.
The project was moved to the territory of the 11th residential district of the Poznyaki-Western and is frozen at the design stage.
Since 2007, when Parus Business Center was become very popular, the skyscraper has appeared in many commercials, music videos, TV shows and the Ukrainian film Oleksandr Kiriyenko «Illusion of Fear», as well as in promotional videos of Ukraine for Euro 2012.
The history of skyscrapers of Ukraine began 110 years ago, but high-rise construction in Ukraine was mastered in the fourteenth century.
The first tall bell tower in the territory of modern Ukraine appeared in Lviv, it was the Kornyakt tower, part of the architectural ensemble of the Assumption Church.
After the completion of the 4th tier in 1695 with a total height of 65.8 m, it became the tallest structure of Ukraine.
Also, an altitude bell tower was built in 1833 in Kharkiv in honor of the Russian Empire's victory over the Napoleonic Army, it was the Assumption Belltower 90 meters high.
In 1899, a grand project was launched in Kiyv – to build the highest bell tower in the Russian Empire at the Trinity Monastery on Zvirynets.
The planned height of the building was 110 meters, but for many different reasons (mainly because of the protests of the Kiev-Pechersk monks and the World War I), this bell tower was not completed.
The skyscraper struck with its novelty, it had 94 apartments, about 500 rooms, a mall on the ground floor and modern forged elevators at that time.
The building was so amazing and tall that pilgrims from other cities prayed before the building, thinking it was some kind of temple.
Until now, the house has not survived, it was blown up on 24 September 1941, by the Red Army, and completely dismantled in the early 1950s, during the construction of Hotel Ukraine.
Another multi-story building was built in Kiyv before World War II, it was the famous Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which has 10 floors and a height of 58 meters (67 meters with a spire).
The building of the Cooperative House was completed in 1954, which was partly due to the partial destruction in times of World War II.
It was originally planned that the building of the Government House of Ukraine Soviet Republic would be located in the building.
During World War II, 1941, when German troops occupied Kyiv, Soviet troops completely demolished Khreshchatyk and other streets during the retreat.
The complex already had 15 floors, a tower and a spire about 73 meters high with a tower, and 85 with a spire.
The building became a symbol of the modern capital of the USSR, the skyscraper photos were printed in Kiyv tourist guides and postcards.
In Soviet times, the construction of skyscrapers in the USSR was forbidden, but the buildings of 20–32 floors in some cases appeared in the largest cities of the country.
The first residential 16-storey building in the Ukrainian Soviet Republic was built in 1965 at the corner of Zhilyanska and Velyka Vasylkivska streets in Kyiv (48 meters high, 60).
In 1975, they completed the construction of the Kiev House of DATU – a 19-storey skyscraper, which at one time was one of the highest in the USSR.
The first Kharkiv residential skyscraper was built in 1979 – it was a residential complex on Poznańska Street, 2 (24 floors; 69.5 meters).
In 1974, the construction of a 120-meter skyscraper – the Aeroflot Computing Center (today the House of Ministry of Transport of Ukraine) began in Kiev.
Also, in 1981, a 20-story office center was built in Kyiv – today this is the House of Ministry of Labor and Social Relations (70 meters).
The same year, an impressive building was opened in Kyiv – the 27-story Vernadsky Library, one of the 10 largest libraries in the world.
In total, more than 730 16-storey buildings were built in the USSR in the 1970s, and 22,800 16-storey buildings and 450 skyscrapers over 16 floors in the 1980s.
The first skyscraper that appeared in the days of independent Ukraine was the 97-meter House of the National Television Company of Ukraine in Kiev, which was built from 1983 to 1992.
Also, in the 1990s, 14–24 floors were massively built in the country, the highest of them being the 24-storeyed Kiev floors on Heroes of Stalingrad, 16-B, nearly 90 meters high (built in 1994).
Kyiv is the capital of Ukrainian skyscrapers: over two hundred 20–49 story buildings have been built in the last 10 years.
For example, the construction of the most famous long-standing building – the Kiyv Court of Appeal – ended in 2006, construction lasted 28 years, unfinished skyscraper during this time was taken on the balance sheet of 9 different organizations.
By a large margin, Kyiv is ahead of other Ukrainian cities in the number of houses that have 20 or more floors, their number exceeds 400, and this figure is increasing.
The complex includes: the Brama Skyscraper, the 18-storey «Perehrestya» shopping and business center, the «Platforma» Shopping Center, the five-storey «Zigzag» and the three-storey «Klyn», which is a huge food complex.
The main part of the complex, the 54-storey Brama Skyscraper was planned to start construction after the construction of «Perehrestya», but in 2014 the construction was frozen.
The first skyscraper to cross the 100-meter mark was built in 2008, a 103.4-meter residential building on Illicha Avenue, 19a – this building remains one of the tallest in the city and adorns the famous avenue.
The most recent of these are: Congress Hall and Green Plaza, 23-storey Victoria Hotel, 26-storey Panoramic, and 110-meter North Business Center.
In the future, more and more skyscrapers appeared in the city, and in 2004–2009 it was built: a 25-storey «Mir», a 22-storey «Triumph», a 25-storey «Pioneer», a 25-storey «Parus» and a 27-storey «Svitlyy Dim» – the tallest skyscraper in the city which is 97 meters high.
In 2009, a complex of two buildings was opened at once: the 25-storey «Ultra» Tower, one of the most prestigious residential complexes in Ukraine.
The history of Odesa skyscrapers began in the 2000s, when residential and office high-rise buildings began to be built en masse in the city.
Currently, the buildings of the upper 20 floors are also being built in Brovary, Chornomorsk, Mariupol, Vyshgorod, Kropyvnytskyi, Mykolaiv, Cherkasy and Truskavets.
Many 14-19-story high-rises have been built and continue to be actively erected in many other regional centers and large cities of Ukraine.
Kurt Frank Reinhardt (November 6, 1896 – June 13, 1989) was a German-born American Germanist, philosopher and educator who was Professor at the Department of Modern European Languages and of the German Studies Department at Stanford University from 1930 to 1962.
He attended the classical gymanisum in Mannheim, and subsequently studied literature, philosophy, and art history at the University of Munich, Heidelberg University and University of Freiburg.
From 1930 to 1962, he was Professor at the Department of Modern European Languages and of the German Studies Department at Stanford University.
Police told reporters that Haynie allegedly shot and killed his mother and 12 year old sister first, around 1 pm and waited to attack the others when they arrived home.
His 15 year old sister was killed sometime after she arrived home between 2 and 5 pm, and was shot multiple times as well.
The father reportedly wrestled away the weapon, and was told by Haynie that his intention was to kill everyone in the house except himself, per charging documents.
Haynie shot and killed his mother Consuelo Alejandra Haynie (52 years old) and his three younger siblings aged 12, 14 and 15 before wounding his father in the leg when he returned home.
He was charged as an adult in the 3rd District Court with four counts of aggravated murder, one count of attempted aggravated murder and five counts of discharge of a firearm.
During his initial appearance in court, Haynie was ordered to stay in juvenile detention facility with a bail set at $4 million.
In memory of the victims, yellow ribbons and signs were posted on trees and other objects around the neighborhood and town.
Shortly after the shooting Utah Governor Gary Herbert tweeted his condolences and urged adults with guns in their homes to make sure they were properly secured.
The 1986 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Stowe Mountain Resort in Stowe, Vermont as part of the 33rd annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Utah, coached by Pat Miller, claimed their fourth team national championship, ten points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
The regiment had an excellent fighting reputation, and had important roles in the Battle of Hanover and the Battle of the Wilderness.
Among the prisons where captured members of the regiment were kept were Libby Prison in Richmond and Andersonville Prison in Georgia.
Between September 20, 1860, and February 1, 1861, seven southern states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America.
The two sides were the blue-clad federal soldiers that were mostly from northern states against gray-clad rebels from the south who sought to form a separate country called the Confederate States of America.
De Forest was the original colonel and regimental commander, and his October 1861 command included 50 officers and 1,064 enlisted men.
Major Philip G. Vought commanded the First Battalion, while Major James Davidson and Major George H. Gardner commanded the Second and Third Battalions, respectively.
On March 31, 1862, the regiment was ordered to join the V Corps under the command of General Nathaniel P. Banks.
On May 23, Banks became concerned about security, and sent CompanyB and CompanyD from the 5th New York Cavalry to Front Royal.
After about two hours of fighting and the approach of enemy cavalry, Kenly and Vought began a retreat north, with Vought's cavalry as the rear guard.
The result of the fighting at Front Royal and Cedarville was lopsided: Kenly's force had an estimated 904 casualties, while the Confederates had 56.
After receiving dispatches from Vought, Banks realized that Jackson was trying to position his army between Banks and Winchester, which would isolate Banks and cut his supply line.
Colonel De Forest and 6 companies were assigned rear guard duty plus the additional task of destroying any supplies that could not be salvaged.
After De Forest began moving north, he discovered that his command and additional soldiers had their route on the Shenandoah Pike blocked by rebels, which caused them to be separated from Bank's main force.
De Forest used mountain roads west of the pike to evade the rebels, and eventually reunited a battery and 32 wagons of supplies with Banks at Williamsport—an 84-mile retreat ending in the relative safety of Maryland.
While De Forest moved north on the mountain roads, Banks was attacked several times on the Valley Pike while hurrying to Winchester.
His outnumbered army was soundly defeated at Winchester on May 25, and he escaped across the Potomac River mostly because Jackson's men and horses were exhausted from the chase.
During the three days from May23 through May25, the 5th New York Cavalry suffered 38 casualties at Front Royal, 6 at Middletown, 7 at Newtown-Crossroads, and 10 at Winchester.
Eventually it was discovered that Belle Boyd, the notorious rebel spy, played an important role in Banks' defeat by providing information to the rebels from inside Union lines.
By the end of May, the regiment was back in Virginia, and during June it became part of the II Corps, Army of Virginia.
The regiment's most prominent actions of July and August in terms of casualties were at Barnett's Ford and Orange Court House.
On July 18, CompanyA had 1 officer and 22 enlisted men captured, plus 1 wounded, while on picket at Barnett's Ford.
At Orange Court House, brigade commander General Samuel W. Crawford sent the regiment at a slow pace into a seemingly empty town—only to have it ambushed by rebels under cover.
Colonel De Forest was surrounded by rebels, but saved by bugler Conrad Bohrer of CompanyI who died from a saber wound after his horse was shot.
A flanking party of three companies commanded by Captain Hammond charged into town from the opposite end and drove the rebels away.
Casualties for the regiment were 1 officer wounded, 2 enlisted men killed, 9 enlisted men wounded, and 11 enlisted men captured.
Private John Tribe of CompanyG was later awarded the Medal of Honor for extraordinary heroism in this battle at Waterloo Bridge where he helped destroy the bridge while under enemy fire.
On August 27, three companies were detached as the escort of General Samuel P. Heintzelman, while the remaining portion of the regiment became the escort of General John Pope, commander of the Army of Virginia.
As Pope's escort, 7 companies of the regiment were present at the Second Battle of Bull Run (also known as the Battle of Second Manassas).
Much of the regiment's time in the autumn of 1862 was spent scouting or on picket duty between Washington, DC and the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Although Johnstone led an October 8 expedition that did not meet any rebels, the regiment was often led in the field by Major Hammond or Captain Abram Krom.
One of the more successful endeavors happened on November 29 at Snicker's Ferry when Krom led the regiment as it drove away rebel snipers harassing the regiment as it attempted to cross the Shenandoah River.
With the assistance of reinforcements, the rebels were defeated and numerous men and supplies were captured—including 3 officers, 32 enlisted men, 60 horses, 50 head of cattle, wagons, and ambulances.
By 1863, much of the regiment's fighting was against guerrilla warriors known as Mosby's Rangers, who were under the command of John S. Mosby.
Late at night on March 9, Mosby conducted a raid at Fairfax Courthouse that was intended to capture Colonel Percy Wyndham and horses.
The sleeping Stoughton was captured—as was Captain Elmer J. Barker of the 5th New York Cavalry, who had been temporarily assigned to Wyndham's brigade staff.
Johnstone, awakened by the noise of the horses, yelled out the window—wanting to know why so much cavalry was moving around late at night.
About 40 men from the regiment, led by Major Hammond, surprised Mosby's men after they had surprised a detachment of about 100 men from the 1st (West) Virginia Cavalry.
In early June, Stahal's cavalry division was detached from defending Washington so that it could join General George Meade's Army of the Potomac and defend the northern states from an invasion by Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
The entire Union army force was reorganized on June 28, and the regiment became part of the 3rd Division of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac.
Brigadier General Elon J. Farnsworth commanded the brigade as a replacement for De Forest, who was ill. Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer commanded the Second Brigade, which consisted of regiments from Michigan.
At the time of the attack, the 18th Pennsylvania was in the rear of Kilpatrick's division and close to entering the small town of Hanover, Pennsylvania.
Major Hammond was commanding the 5th New York, which was ahead of the 18th Pennsylvania and in the streets of the town.
The attack began with an artillery shot, and soon union soldiers faced first the 13th Virginia Cavalry, then a battalion from North Carolina's 2nd Cavalry, and finally the 9th Virginia Cavalry.
The 5th New York's Private Thomas Burke of CompanyA captured the flag of the 13th Virginia Cavalry while capturing and disarming two rebels, and he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his action.
This June 30 battle became known as the Battle of Hanover, and casualties for all participants on both sides totaled to about 330.
On July 2, the division moved closer to Gettysburg, and was on the extreme right side of the entire Union army—close to New Oxford and Hunterstown.
On July 3, the First Brigade moved to the left wing of the army, about from Gettysburg near a hill known as Little Round Top.
The 5th New York was assigned to protect an artillery battery, while the remaining portion of the brigade made two charges against infantry.
Farnsworth was killed in the second charge, and at least one cavalry leader was critical of Kilpatrick's decision to have a mounted charge in terrain that was not ideal for cavalry.
This three-day battle became known as the Battle of Gettysburg, and over 83,000 Union soldiers fought against over 75,000 Confederate soldiers.
The 5th New York Cavalry suffered significant casualties on July 6 in the Battle of Williamsport (also known as Battle of Hagerstown) in Hagerstown, Maryland, (near the road to Williamsport) as part of Meade's attempt to prevent the escape of Lee's army.
Regimental historian Boudrye later wrote that the regiment had 2 officers wounded and 3 officers captured, plus enlisted men casualties of 3 killed, 8 wounded, and 54 captured.
The Army of the Potomac eventually crossed back to Virginia, and the headquarters of the 3rd Division was established near Warrenton.
The brigade was commanded by Brigadier General Henry E. Davies Jr. After some early successes, portions of Kilpatrick's brigade were partially surrounded on October 19 in the Battle of Buckland Mills.
In this campaign, the regiment was still part of the First Brigade of the 3rd Division, but General George A. Custer was the division commander.
Private of CompanyG was awarded the Medal of Honor for rescuing a soldier from 3 Confederates at Raccoon Ford on November 27.
In Davies' December 3 report, he praised the 5th New York's Captain Krom, who's battalion held off the enemy at Raccoon Ford for six days.
While Hammond and Krom were gone, cavalry detachments from the 2nd New York, 5th New York, 1st Vermont, 1st Maine, and 5th Michigan departed Stevensburg, Virginia, on February 28, 1864, for a special mission.
The detachment from the 5th New York was 40 men from companiesI andK, and they were commanded by Lieutenant Henry A. D. Merritt.
The plan was for Kilpatrick's main Union force to attack Richmond from the north as a diversion, while Dahlgren's command approached from the south.
Dahlgren's goal was to liberate prisoners in several prisons (including Libby Prison), destroy mills and warehouses, destroy railroad communications, and capture artillery at Frederick Hall Station on the Virginia Central Railroad.
Of the 40 men from the 5th New York, 14 were captured—and 5 of those captured eventually died at the infamous Andersonville prison in Georgia.
Although Grant decided not to replace Meade as commander of the Army of the Potomac, he kept his headquarters with Meade's and provided direction.
Kilpatrick was assigned to a larger command out west, and he was replaced as commander of Sheridan's 3rd Division by General James H. Wilson.
Colonel John B. McIntosh replaced Davies as commander of the cavalry division's First Brigade—which consisted of the 18th Pennsylvania, 1st Connecticut, 2nd New York, and 5th New York cavalries.
The regiment, commanded by Hammond, was detached from Wilson's division with orders to proceed down the Orange Plank Road to Parker's Store and establish a picket line to guard the approach from Mine Run (west).
The danger for Meade's army was that if Hill could take control of the intersection of Orange Plank and Brock roads, Warren's VCorps would have large enemy forces on two sides, and General Winfield S. Hancock's IICorps could get isolated from the rest of Meade's army.
Hammond was eventually pushed back to the point where Orange Plank Road intersects with Brock Road, but was relieved by infantry from the VI Corps under the command of General George W. Getty.
Casualties for both armies combined are estimated to be 28,800, including the deaths of Union generals Alexander Hays and James S. Wadsworth—and 3 Confederate generals.
Hammond was ordered by General John Sedgwick to take command of all cavalry on that road, which included the 5th New York, 22nd New York, and 2nd Ohio.
On June 1, Wilson's 3rd Division (5th New York was in McIntosh's First Brigade) was at Ashland Station on the Virginia Central Railroad.
Casualties for the 5th New York at Ashland Station were: 2 officers wounded, 3 captured, and 13 enlisted men wounded and 17 captured.
On June 22, Wilson's cavalry division (including the 5th New York Cavalry), reinforced by portions of a division commanded by General August Kautz, began the raid using lesser-traveled roads to move south and west.
By June 26, the Union force advanced as far south and west as a bridge on the Staunton River near Roanoke Station, but was unsuccessful in capturing the bridge and could not continue southward along the rail line.
In the return trip, Wilson's force lost two battles and found his path back to Union lines blocked by rebel troops.
In a desperate attempt to return to safety, artillery was spiked, supply wagons burned, and ambulances were abandoned with wounded that would become prisoners.
A rebel infantry attack caused half of Wilson's First Brigade (5th New York and 2nd Ohio) and Kautz to become separated from Wilson.
He estimated that losses were 1,000 men, 2,000 horses, 14 artillery pieces, 27 wagons, 14 ambulances, and about 250 wounded that could not be moved and became prisoners.
Better records later indicated that the failed 350-mile raid destroyed some railroad track but cost 1,445 casualties out of a force of 5,500 men.
The dismounted men were sent to a camp in the District of Columbia and eventually fought at Maryland Heights, Rockville, Toll Gate, Poolesville, Snicker's Ferry, and Kernstown.
On August 12, Wilson's division (including the 5th New York Cavalry) was ordered to report to Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley.
They proceeded on the next day through Leesburg and Snicker's Gap and reached Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah near Opequon Creek about 2 miles from Winchester.
During his tenure, he had a bone in his right hand broken from a bullet and his right leg cracked above the ankle from a shot that hit his saber scabbard.
Bacon commanded the regiment for only a short time, resigning effective September 12 (White was released from a Confederate prison on that day).
Although Major White was exchanged from Libby Prison on September 12 and promoted to lieutenant colonel on September 15, but he did not take command of the regiment until he rejoined it in Winchester on December 19.
In September and continuing until April 1865, CompanyK became the escort of General William H. Emory, commander of the XIX Corps.
The Battle of Opequon, also known as the Third Battle of Winchester, is considered the most important American Civil War battle in the Shenandoah Valley.
Over 54,000 men (both sides together) participated in this Union victory on September 19, and casualties for both sides totaled to over 8,600.
The commander of the entire Union Army in this battle was Major General Philip Sheridan, and his cavalry was led by Major General Alfred T. A. Torbert.
Brigadier General John B. McIntosh led Wilson's First Brigade until he was seriously wounded, and then it was led by Lieutenant Colonel George A. Purington.
General McIntosh led one of the charges (a dismounted charge) and was wounded—causing his left leg to be amputated below the knee.
Torbert used Merrit's 1st Division to attack cavalry led by Lunsford L. Lomax and Custer's 3rd Division to attack Thomas L. Rosser.
Crook's Union VIII Corps were surprised around 4:00 AM, and many of Crook's men were killed or captured while in their tents.
The First Brigade of Custer's 3rd Division was commanded by Colonel Alexander C. M. Pennington, and the 5th New York Cavalry (part of the First Brigade) was commanded by Major Krom.
The 5th New York performed well in this battle, capturing 22 artillery pieces, 14 caissons, 24 wagons and ambulances, 83 sets of artillery harnesses, 75 sets of wagon harnesses, 98 horses, and 67 mules.
Sergeant David H. Scofield (the regiment's quartermaster) captured the flag of the 13th Virginia Infantry and was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Corporal John Walsh of CompanyD recaptured the flag of the 15th New Jersey Infantry that the rebels had captured earlier in the day and was awarded the Medal of Honor.
A few men from the regiment (orderlies and messengers) remained with Sheridan, while the 5th New York was joined by several of the depleted regiments and dismounted men.
The surrender look place at the home of Wilmer and Virginia McLean in the small community of Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
The majority of the regiment was in Winchester at the time of Lee's surrender, although a small number of men were escorts for Sheridan and Custer at Appomattox.
Private John McEwan of CompanyL was one of the escorts, and he accompanied General Lee to the house where the first interview with General Grant was conducted before the surrender.
On July 18, Colonel White, commanding the regiment, notified the regiment that it would leave on the next day to New York City to muster out.
On July 25, the first two battalions of the regiment (plus CompanyI of the Third Battalion) received their pay and departed for home.
The rest of the Third Battalion received its pay on the next day, and the 5th New York Cavalry ceased to exist.
Short has a MPH from the Boston University School of Public Health (1995 - Social and Behavioral Sciences) and a BS from Old Dominion University (1984 - Dental Hygiene/Sociology (minor)).. She also has an AS from Cape Cod Community College with a major in Dental Hygiene (1983).
Short has had numerous teaching positions but has also worked as Executive Director of Inyo Mono Advocates for Community Action, Director, Office of Oral Health at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH), and Program Coordinator, Seal, Educate, Advocate Learning (SEAL): a Boston School-Based Preventive Dental Program.
The palace is also sometimes referred to as the Palazzo Gonzaga-Spolverini, but the palace belonging to those families was either razed or subsumed into the present neoclassical structure and garden.
By the 1550s, the site had a palace with a large courtyard and garden, belonging to Giovanni Ludovico Gonzaga of the de’ Nobili family, of the Schivenoglia line, who died in 1546.
Her heirs sold the palace to the Cavriani family, who rebuilt the palazzo in 1756, based on designs by the architect Alfonso Torreggiani.
The fence surrounding the garden has outward facing bust of famous Mantuans, with a statue of Virgil (1835) and Giuseppe Fontana in the center.
The garden utilized the sculptor Stefano Gerola; Chiozzini and Silva for the wrought iron and the Mantuan painter Alessandro Ferraresi for the creation of the perspectives painted on the far walls.
In September 1838, on the occasion of a visit to Mantua by Emperor Ferdinand I, the Marquis organised an extravagant system of lights for his garden, and the property was connected by an underground passageway designed by the Venetian Giuseppe Jappelli to link it to the gardens at the Palazzo di Schivenoja or dell’Abate.
It is found in approximately 90% of all Ewing sarcoma tumors with the remaining 10% of fusions substituting one fusion partner with a closely related family member (e.g.
This translocation creates a chimeric transcript which fuses exons 1-7 of EWSR1 to exons 6-9 (or less commonly 5-9) of FLI1.
The 2020 Yukon Men's Curling Championship, the territorial men's curling championship for Yukon is being held January 24 to 26 at the Whitehorse Curling Club in Whitehorse, Yukon.
The winning team will represent the Yukon at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario, Canada's national men's curling championship.
If one team has three or more losses, then there will be a playoff with the top two teams (with the first place team needing to be beaten twice).
The first game of the event was scheduled for 9:00am on January 24, but was postponed to 7:00pm due to compressor issues.
In the past both orders were formerly classified with various other orders of ant-eating mammals, most notably Xenarthra, which includes the true anteaters, sloths, and the armadillos which pangolins superficially resemble.
Some palaeontologists, placing Ernanodonta in a separate suborder of Cimolesta near Pholidota, have classified the pangolins in the order Cimolesta, together with several extinct groups indicated (†) below, though this idea has fallen out of favor since it was determined that cimolestids were not placental mammals.
He was sent to secondary school at the Jesuit college in Namur, and went on to study at the Jesuit commercial college in Antwerp but was prevented from completing his studies by ill health.
In 1910, having worked for several years in the commercial sector, he felt a call to the priesthood and sought an interview with Cardinal Mercier.
He spent three years studying at the Leo XIII Seminary and the Higher Institute of Philosophy at the Catholic University of Leuven.
Van den Hout was ordained to the priesthood in Mechelen on 24 September 1916 and was appointed to the staff of the Institut Saint-Louis in Brussels.
In the summer of 1940 van den Hout was a refugee in France, where he became chaplain to General Henri Denis's staff.
Van den Hout returned to Belgium at the end of 1941, and in 1942 was appointed to a parish in Brussels.
From 2000 until 2011, Htun was a professor of political science at the New School for Social Research and Eugene Lang College.
During this time she was also a 2002-2003 Fellow of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, a 2004 Fellow at the Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame, and a Council on Foreign Relations-Hitachi International Affairs Fellow in 2007.
Htun and Weldon studied the evolution of women's rights issues such as family law, abortion, paid parental leave, and contraception from 1975 to 2005.
She has been a Special Advisor for Inclusion and Climate in the School of Engineering at the University of New Mexico, and the Deputy Director for Advance, a program that aims to promote the success and inclusion of faculty who are white women or minorities.
She was a student in the Baltimore City Public Schools, and says she had made her mind up about her career by the third grade.
In 2015 she started working in education and outreach after she realised that engineering education could be used to unite culture.
Young is founder and chief executive officer of the nonprofit B-360, an education programme that supports disconnected young people and adults.
During the program participants learn about road safety, the mechanics of bike upkeep, bike customisation and how to use 3D printers.
Curlew Island is a small island in the southern Gulf Islands, located in the Strait of Georgia between Mayne Island and Samuel Island in British Columbia, Canada.
The Darfur war crimes court or Special Court for Darfur is a planned court to be created in Sudan for trying suspects of war crimes and crimes against humanity carried out during the War in Darfur.
On 21 January 2020, in the Darfur track of the 2019–2020 component of Sudanese peace process negotiations, the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF) and Sovereignty Council representatives agreed on the creation of a special court for trying suspects of war crimes and crimes against humanity carried out during the War in Darfur.
The 1936 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1936 college football season.
The team scored 120 of their points in two shutout wins, and only 17 total points in their other six games.
The September 26 game against Lowell Textile Institute (now University of Massachusetts Lowell) was the first football game played at New Hampshire's new athletic facilities, originally named Lewis Fields after former university president Edward M. Lewis, with the football stadium referred to as Lewis Stadium or simply Lewis Field.
Wildcat captain Benjamin Lang, who also played lacrosse, served in the United States Navy in World War II and later became a Certified Public Accountant; he died in September 1951 at age 35.
The surface of the Blanche River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
From the mouth of Lac Blanc, the Blanche river turns southeast for 1.1 km to the mouth of Boisvert stream (note: approximately 215 m after the mouth, the current crosses the Morissette Falls).
Then the river makes a 2.1 km foray into Saint-Alban by crossing the Chute at Bélanger and passing by a saw, to return to flow in Saint-Thuribe.
Then, the river flows 8.2 km south in Saint-Thuribe to its confluence where it flows on the west bank of the Black River.
From there, this last 1.8 km route to the south to empty into the Sainte-Anne River, near Grandbois Island, at the eastern edge of the village from Saint-Casimir.
This confluence is located 4.2 km (measured by the current) upstream from the limit of the MRC of Portneuf Regional County Municipality or 8.1 km upstream from the bridges of Autoroute 40 or 11.5 km upstream from the mouth of the Sainte-Anne River.
The Blanche River watershed is located mainly in a forest environment, with the exception of the downstream section of the river, ie in a highly agricultural environment.
It will be a countdown of the most popular songs of the 2010s as chosen by listeners of Australian radio station Triple J.
Triple J's Hottest 100 of the 2010s will allow members of the public to vote online for their top ten songs of the decade, which are then used to calculate the decade's 100 most popular songs.
While the first Triple J's Hottest 100 countdowns chronicled listeners' favourite songs of all time, voting in recent countdowns has been restricted to the preceding year.
There have been some exceptions, namely the Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time in 2011, and the Hottest 100 of the Past 20 Years in 2013.
Based on media reports following the announcement of the existence of the countdown, some of the most frequently mentioned contenders are Frank Ocean, Lana Del Rey, Kendrick Lamar, Flume, and Beyoncé.
Samuel Island is a small island in the southern Gulf Islands, located in the Strait of Georgia southeast of Mayne Island in British Columbia, Canada.
She performed it at the 62nd Grammy Awards on January 26, 2020, her first performance since suffering a drug overdose in July 2018.
Four days later after recording the track, on July 24, 2018, she suffered an overdose and was hospitalized for two weeks.
Lovato first revealed the title of the track during an interview with Zane Lowe on Apple Music's Beats 1 on January 24, 2020, where she announced she would perform it at the 62nd Grammy Awards.
While singing the opening lyrics, her voice cracked, stopping the performance for a brief moment and started to sing the song over again.
A live performance from the 62nd Grammy Awards, which was published onto Lovato's YouTube channel on January 27, accumulated more than 9 million views in less than a week.
While in the UK it debuted in the top 20 of the Download Chart and Scotland it debuted in the top 20.
Alfredo Bruniera (30 September 1906 – 26 March 2000) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
He did parish work until February 1934 when he became secretary to the newly appointed Apostolic Delegate to China Mario Zanin.
To that was added the responsibilities of the Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Kuwait on 7 July 1969; he was the first to head that nunciature.
It was initially isolated from roadside soil near Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea during a survey for bacteria with the ability to digest carbon monoxide.
In April 1839 he made an ascent from the Standard Tavern, City Road in one of Mr H Green's hydrogen filled balloons.
A poster (printed by John Leach, Wisbech) of his ascent from near the Gas Works, Wisbech on Monday, July 1841 is in the Science Museum collection.
An ascent in July 1843 nearly ended fatally when his balloon came down in the sea and he had to be rescued off Bray-Head.
During his 100th ascent the butterfly valve froze when they were at high altitude and Gypson was forced to use a knife to cut a hole in the balloon to release gas and bring the balloon back to ground safely, 59 miles from their take off in Bedford, landing in Oxfordshire.
In 1853 Gypson aged 42 before the Middlesex Sessions was convicted of stealing pewter tankers, he was sentenced to one hours custody and released into the care of his friends.
In experiments with 5 foot model balloons he conducted in 1855 at the Botanical Gardens, Sheffield, one travelled as far as Chard, Somerset a distance of about 200 miles in less than thre hours.
The 2021 National Hockey League All-Star Game is scheduled to be held on January 30, 2021, at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, the home of the Florida Panthers.
The four-team, 3-on-3, single elimination format, with one team representing each of the league's four divisions, had been used for the past five All-Star Games.
The All-Star Game and Skills Competition will be televised in the United States by NBC and NBCSN, respectively, during NBC Sports' tenth and last season under its current NHL broadcasting contract.
In Canada, both the All-Star Game and skills competition will be broadcast in English on both CBC and Sportsnet, and on TVA Sports in French.
She has been described as one of the most successful Instapoets, and 'one of the most exciting young writers working today'.
Gill regularly appears on the BBC, contributing to Woman's Hour on Radio Four, Free Thinking on Radio Three, and BBC Asian Network.
The Vancouver 36 is an American sailboat that was designed by Robert B. Harris as a bluewater ocean cruiser and first built in 1977.
This boat design is often confused with the later and unrelated Tony Taylore-designed Vancouver 36 sailboat, which was built in the United Kingdom by Northshore Yachts, starting in 1989.
The design was built by Durbeck's Inc in Sarasota, Florida, United States, starting in 1977, until they went out of business in 1983.
Hidden Harbor Boatworks, also in Sarasota, then produced the design until they too went out of business a few years later, in the late 1980s, ending production.
Some were delivered wit engines installed, so they could be motored home from the factory, while the majority were delivered complete, with interiors and ready-to-sail.
It has a cutter rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a canoe transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed modified long keel, with a cutaway foot.
A typical one includes a large bow stateroom, with a double berth on the port side, a workbench on the port side, a large ensuite head with a shower.
A settee berth to port and a pilot berth on the starboard side are provided in the main cabin for total sleeping accommodation for four people.
The galley is to starboard aft, at the foot of the companionway way steps, and includes a three-burner stove and a icebox.
Just slip the dock lines and head for the horizon … The 36 like her sisters is a bluewater cruiser, heavy and strong.
Most notable in look is her stepped cabin trunk similar to the pilothouse deck mold of her 42-foot sistership and perforated aluminum toe rail.
It tells the story of an African American family, the Freemans, who adopt a chimpanzee and raise it as a family member for an institutional research project.
In the film, three bad guy from the sea bring chaos to a small peaceful fishing village, and the God of Wealth is sent down from heaven to save the village and restore peace.
The 2008 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the 2nd edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom.
A companion of Foillan and Saint Ultan, he went on preaching circuits of Hainaut, Artois and Picardy before withdrawing to a hermitage near Laon, where he probably died around the year 690.
The song, with a host of remixes to suit all sections of the club scene, continued her uninterrupted string of Dance Chart-toppers, and re-established her place in the UK music scene, reaching number 12 in Scotland and number 13 in the United Kingdom.
Milica Rakić () was a three-year-old Serbian girl who was killed by a cluster munition during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
Her home was located from the Batajnica Air Base, which was repeatedly targeted by NATO during its air campaign against Yugoslavia.
Human Rights Watch (HRW) investigators visited the site of her death on 7 August 1999, inspected the damage and interviewed eyewitnesses.
The incident marked the first NATO use of cluster munitions in Serbia-proper; all prior instances of their use by NATO had been recorded in Kosovo.
Following her death, some sectors of the Serbian public called for Rakić to be canonized as a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church.
In 2000, a monument dedicated to the children killed in the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was unveiled in Belgrade's Tašmajdan Park.
In 2004, the Tvrdoš Monastery near the town of Trebinje, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, unveiled a fresco of Rakić which contained an inscription describing her as a neomartyr.
At the time, the Serbian Orthodox Church announced that it would only consider canonizing Rakić if her cult gained a widespread following.
The following year, a new sculpture of Rakić was unveiled in Tašmajdan Park to replace the one that had previously been stolen.
In 1970, the boot was on the other foot as Gigi Riva led Unione Sportiva Cagliari with 21 goals in 30 games helped the Sardinian side win their only Serie A title.
­Having spent most of the 1950s mired in Serie B, Riva’s arrival in 1964 galvanised the team and was a magnet for other players to leave more fashionable clubs to head to Sardinia such as goalkeeper Enrico Albertosi (Fiorentina) and midfielder Angelo Domenghini (Inter).
After the team clinched the title, Italian national team managerFerruccio Valcareggi called six players from this Cagliari squad — Albertosi, Domenghini, Gori, Riva, Comunardo Niccolai and Pierluigi Cera — to the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, where they reached a decent 2nd place.
Nandita Swetha, Pandiarajan, Yogi Babu, and Hareesh Peradi were signed to play supporting roles with the latter portraying a negative role and Pandiarajan portraying the father of Vaibhav's character.
It was originally released on February 14, 2019 as the first promotional single from her third studio album of the same name.
The song's lyrical content discusses the singer entering a relationship with someone special and departing from her previous approaches to romance.
The black-and-white visual for the album sees the singer adopt the role of a priest, then giving a church session for several worshipping men.
Other songs on the LP suggest Coe may have been trying to rehabilitate his image as a foul-mouthed drug-taking misogynist and racist.
The facility, which was built as a lasting memorial to soldiers who died in the First World War, opened in 1923.
Originally providing just eight beds, it joined the National Health Service in 1948 and benefited from a major refurbishment in 2012.
Hubert Arturo Acevedo (born July 31, 1964) is an American police officer and the incumbent chief of police of the Houston Police Department.
Acevedo was born in Havana, Cuba, in 1964, immigrating to the United States at age four with his family in 1968.
Acevedo began his career as a field patrol officer in East Los Angeles with the California Highway Patrol in 1986 after graduation from their training academy.
He rose to the rank of chief with CHP in 2005 before being hired as the chief of police for the Austin Police Department on June 14, 2007.
In November 2016, Acevedo was hired as Houston police chief, filling a vacancy created after the retirement of Charles McClelland that February.
In the same interview, he addressed his outspokenness on gun violence and reiterated his support for the Violence Against Women Act and openness to decriminalization of some drugs.
It has rough, fibrous to flaky bark on the trunk, smooth bark above, narrow lance-shaped to elliptical adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven to eleven, white flowers and hemispherical to cup-shaped fruit.
Adult leaves are olive green to bluish green and leathery, narrow lance-shaped to lance-shaped or curved, long and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven to eleven on a peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
Mature buds are oval to slightly club-shaped, long and about wide with a conical operculum that is shorter than the floral cup.
Later, when he worked as an opera singer in Bayreuth, he was supposed to fill in for a medium in Munich who was prevented.
Since then, Meek has been performing in events where he (allegedly) establishes contact between people in the audience and their deceased to convey messages.
By 15 she knew she wanted to be a fashion designer started selling handmade items over the lunch hour in her high school cafeteria.
Originally released under the name Wiksten Kimono Jacket, Gordy changed the name to the Wiksten Haori in 2018 following cultural appropriation concerns raised by members of the online sewing community.
Among them was educator Emi Ito who has called on a number of design companies to change imprecise design names that conflate distinct items of clothing with the kimono itself.
Treating, in the social context of dating, is the practice of exchanging companionship and sexual activity (up to and including intercourse) for entertainment outings, gifts, and other items of monetary value, such as tickets and clothes.
Treating was prevalent in the large urban areas of the United States from the 1890s to 1940s, reaching its peak in the 1920s and 30s, and was usually engaged in by young working-class women.
It began as a political term with the practice of providing understood as a means to influence people and gain benefits.
The word's use as a verb in a social context is believed to have originated in the male sphere of saloons when individuals would treat each other to another round of drinks.
Around the turn of the nineteenth century, young working-class women who were seeking language for their interactions and bartering with young men, borrowed the word.
In cities and elsewhere, an array of cheap amusements had emerged and flourished, including public dances, amusement parks, and nickelodeon movie theatres.
Changing societal mores allowed young women who previously needed to escorted more freedom to go out on their own or in groups.
The cheap amusements were a major draw, but going out regularly for young working-class women proved difficult as their wages were very low.
Some refrained from going out or limited going out to special occasions, while others depended on their male counterparts to finance their entertainment pleasures.
Due to the necessity of depending on males for their entertainment and fun, the practice of treating by young working-class women emerged.
These women did not see themselves as prostitutes but often walked a fine line between being treated and being paid for their sexual services.
As the practice of treating by young women became more widely known, it attracted the attention of reformers and vice squads who were alarmed by the activity.
It was considered nothing less than outright prostitution by some, even though the young women engaged in the behavior drew sharp distinctions between the two.
The taxi-dance halls where young women hostesses could be danced with for a modest sum per dance, usually ten cents, drew the particular ire of reformers, and some venues were shut down.
One of the distinguishing physical properties helpful for identifying euchlorine in hand sample is its streak, which is a pistachio-green color.
If trying to find euchlorine in the field, wear protective clothing as the volcanic fumaroles around which it occurs can be very hot (approximately 300 to 650°C, 580 to 1200°F) and can cause severe steam burns if not adequately protected.
It occurred as a sublimate in fumaroles (hot vents of steam and other volcanic gases) that formed during the 1868 volcanic eruption, it has also been found in fumaroles during eruptions at the same location in 1892 and 1893.
In 1987 euchlorine was one of the minerals found in association with Mcbirneyite when it was first discovered in fumaroles at the summit of Izalco Volcano.
At fumarole deposits in the North Breach from the Tolbachik Volcano eruption of the Great Fissure on the Kamchatka Peninsula euchlorine (as euchlorite) was found associated with newly discovered mineral avdoninite and reported around 2005-2007.
In 2012 the discovery of a new fumarolic mineral cupromolybdite found in the New Tolbachik Scoria Cones in association with euchlorine at Tolbachik Volcano was published.
Not long after, in early 2013, yaroshevskite was reported newly discovered from scoria cones of the Great Fissure Eruption at Tolbachik Volcano in association with euchlorine.
The first mineral was wulffite and the second was parawulffite, both from the area of the Northern Breakthrough during the Great Fissure Eruption.
Work conducted on fumarole deposits from the same eruption found euchlorine being associated with a newly discovered mineral called itelmenite and was reported in 2015 and published in mid to late 2018.
She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador and the first Salvadoran woman President of the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) for the term 2018–2019.
Subsequently, she joined the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL), one of the five armed organizations that formed the FMLN guerrillas in 1980.
In 1992 she founded the Mélida Anaya Montes Women's Movement Association (Las Mélidas) within the framework of the Peace Accords, and has been an activist for the organization ever since.
Amaya was a national deputy of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador for three consecutive terms, from 1997 to 2009, joining the Justice and Human Rights Commission and the Electoral and Constitutional Reforms Commission.
Under her management, FOPROLYD made a payment on the historical debt that the Salvadoran state owed the beneficiary population from 1993 to 1995, giving said cancellation to 46 beneficiaries, for a total amount of $92,528.60.
A PARLACEN deputy elected for two consecutive terms, from 2011 to 2021, Amaya has served as president of the Committee on International Relations and Migration Affairs (2016–2017), secretary of the Board of Directors (2017–2018), and president of the Board of Directors (2018–2019), becoming the first Salvadoran woman to hold the latter post.
She is a founder and member of the FMLN, and served as its Deputy National Secretary from 2001 to 2002 and Municipal Secretary of Santa Tecla from 2015 to 2019.
The child was decapitated by Wang Ching-yu as she rode a bicycle along Huanshan Road in Neihu District on the way to Xihu metro station.
After the visitation, Claire Wang received a condolence letter from Annette Lu, and spoke out against the politicalization of her daughter's death with regards to views on capital punishment.
In November 2016, Claire Wang was invited to take part in the Presidential Office Organizing Committee for National Conferences on Judicial Reforms.
After her election to the Legislative Yuan in January 2020, threats against her other children were made online, and she began legal action against the people who made the posts, as well as those who supported the threats.
The first ruling on the case was issued on 12 May 2017; the Shilin District Court sentenced Wang Ching-yu to life imprisonment.
The New Power Party received over seven percent of the party list vote, and Wang was elected to the Tenth Legislative Yuan.
Olweus was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University from 1986 to 1987.
The success of the program led to a government-led initiative to implement the intervention (which would became known as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program [OBPP]) throughout all Norwegian elementary and junior high schools.
The OBPP has been systematically evaluated in a number of large-scale studies in Norway that have included more than 30,000 students.
Studies have indicated a reduction in reports of being bullied and bullying others of about 35 to 45%, among students involved in the program.
One study, conducted by Olweus and Sue Limber of Clemson University in South Carolina, evaluated the effectiveness of the program in U.S. schools, including nearly 70,000 students, over the course of three years.
The study found reductions in students' reports of being bullied and bullying others, as well as increases in students' expressions of empathy.
In addition to the Norway and the U.S., the OBPP has been implemented in Iceland, Sweden, and Lithuania, and is being piloted in Mexico, Brazil, and Germany.
In 2003, Olweus was given the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Public Policy for Children by the Society for Research in Child Development.
Vasić was born in 1971 in Pirot, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
He graduated from the University of Niš Faculty of Electronic Engineering in 1996, worked as a systems engineer for six years, and received his master's degree from the University of Niš in 2003.
Vasić elected to the Pirot municipal assembly in 2000 as a member of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia, a broad coalition of parties opposed to Slobodan Milošević's administration.
He was first elected as mayor of Pirot in late 2003, defeating Socialist Party of Serbia candidate Dragan Todorović in the second round of a direct election.
The following year, he rejected the far-right Serbian Radical Party's argument that Pirot should reject the donation of a city bus from the Dutch city of The Hague while Serbian military and political figures were detained by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the same city; Vasić noted that the municipal government and the tribunal were different entities.
In 2009–2010, Vasić took part in negotiations with G17 Plus and other regional party leaders that led to the creation of the United Regions of Serbia (URS) alliance.
This caused a serious split at the local level; some Coalition for Pirot members who opposed joining the URS sought to overturn Vasić's leadership and expel him from the movement.
Vasić responded that the Coalition for Pirot was not a formal political organization and that the expulsion effort was therefore meaningless.
At around the same time, Vasić brought the local committee of the Radical Party into his municipal governing alliance, following the departure of the Democratic Party.
This was a controversial decision; after the announcement, Serbian deputy prime minister Božidar Đelić refused to visit Pirot during a tour of south Serbia.
Vasić became involved in a controversy with a local newspaper in 2011, after he accused a journalist of interfering with the business of the municipal assembly by making an unauthorized recording on a handheld device.
In 2012, Vasić signed a memorandum of understanding for the company Michelin to expand its Tigar Tyres plant in the municipality.
Vasić received the fifth position on the URS electoral list in the 2012 Serbian parliamentary election as a G17 Plus candidate and was duly elected to the National Assembly when the list won sixteen mandates.
He could not hold a dual mandate as mayor and a member of the assembly, and he resigned his parliamentary seat on 30 August 2012, saying that he did not agree with the law in this instance and did not believe he was in a conflict of interest situation.
Vasić received the eighth position on its list for the 2014 parliamentary election, but the list did not cross the electoral threshold to representation in the assembly and subsequently dissolved.
Vasić led the Coalition for Pirot to another victory in the 2016 Serbian local elections, narrowly defeating the list of the Serbian Progressive Party.
He was born in Antwerp in 1624 and entered the Society of Jesus there, becoming a teacher of literature and mathematics in the order.
Second-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Jean Borotra won the final on a walkover against the first seeds Esna Boyd and Jack Hawkes, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.
Originally this final (as well as men's singles and men's doubles finals) was scheduled to be played on Saturday, February 4.
This was not agreed to by the committee and his semi-final and subsequent final mixed doubles matches were postponed until Monday, February 6.
Unfortunately, Miss Boyd, who had been in Sydney for a fortnight (as the women's events have begun on 21st of January), could not arrange to remain longer and had to scratch.
He started his training under Ryōi Shintō-ryū master Saizo Shimosaka, and eventually known as a fearsome fighter not only due to his skill, but also to his large size for a Japanese man of his time, being 1,76m tall.
Through the years Nakamura, his training partner Shogo Uehara and the Sekiguchi-ryū artists Tetsutaro Hisatomi and Danzo Naka were known as the four strongest jujutsu fighters in Kurume, reaching fame throughout the entire nation.
When the Meiji Restoration caused the Nakamura clan to be dissolved in 1868, Hansuke became a fisherman and a sake brewer in order to make a living, yet he didn't stop practicing his art.
Nakamura won the match, breaking Toshieguchi's arm with an armbar, but the scuffle was so brutal that Toshieguchi tried to escape the hold by gruesomely biting Nakamura's leg.
The bout was witnessed by Masaaki Samura from Takeuchi Santo-ryū, another rival school, and this ensured a bout between Nakamura and him the next year.
Nakamura started by kneeling down to goad Samurai to go to newaza, where he was skilled, but Samura refused to engage.
However, Samura rolled off with ukemi, and after entangling again he surprisingly captured Nakamura's back, locking a hadaka jime for the victory.
In 1877, by mediation of his master Shimosaka, Nakamura became a hand-to-hand instructor for several police services, among them the prestigious Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.
He shared duties with Uehara, Hisatomi, Samura and Matsugoro Okuda, creating along them a special program to select aspiring policemen by their physical skills.
Nakamura come to be known as one of the toughest men in Japan due to his strength and history of challenges.
While working in the police, Nakamura participated in another challenge between the Ryōi Shintō-ryū and Takeuchi Santo-ryū, facing this time Koji Yano in 1881.
Unlike the previous, Nakamura dominated easily the match, pinning Yano under kami shiho gatame, but Yano fouled by biting Nakamura in the chest from underneath.
The match was stopped against Nakamura's wishes by Samura, who saw his teammate's act as dishonorable, and it took Samura breaking Yano's teeth with his wooden chopsticks to make him release his bite.
In 1886, with the rise of Jigoro Kano and his Kodokan institute, Nakamura sided against them in behalf of the Totsuka Yōshin-ryū, the country's main jujutsu school.
However, as soon as the match started, Tomita immediately scored a tomoe nage, and he repeated the technique two more times before his shocked opponent managed to block it.
The judoka followed with an ouchi gari, which Nakamura blocked, and a hiza guruma, which seemed successful, but the jujutsuka pulled Tomita to the ground and tried to pin him with kami-shiho-gatame.
Acknowledging he had completely underestimated the Kodokan technique, Nakamura subjected himself to harsh training in order to get revenge on a future rematch.
In one of his preferred methods, he lied on a tatami with a balance pole placed over his throat while six people stood on it and struck it with shinai swords.
Nakamura faced off with Sakujiro Yokoyama, an opponent who was only slightly lighter than him and who had just defeated Nakamura's old rival Samura, in a match that became legendary.
Although Sakujiro was able to escape with great effort and score a harai goshi, he did not follow him to the ground, as he now knew Hansuke was dangerous at newaza.
From this point, the fighters continued trying to escape their opponent's field of strength while attempting to bring him to their own, until the draw was called at 55 minutes.
In total, they fought half an hour standing and 25 minutes on the ground, and they were rendered so tired that the referee had to forcefully pry their numb fingers apart to separate them when the match ended.
Gangrena Gasosa is a Brazilian metal band from Rio de Janeiro known for incorporating elements of Umbanda and other Afro-Brazilian religions in their look and music.
At the 2016 AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 56 kg event.
At the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China he won the silver medal in the men's 60 kg event.
At the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China he won the gold medal in the men's 69 kg event.
Achitpol Keereerom (; born 21 October 2001) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as an striker for Regionalliga Bayern club TSV 1860 Rosenheim.
She was owned by Standard Oil Company of California and built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at the Alameda Works Shipyard with a hull# of 5512.
A US Navy plane saw the sub and dropped depth charges, the sub was forced to dive and end the attack.
The attack killed two seaman of the crew, 63 of the crew (all 15 Armed Guards) made it in to the ship's lifeboats before she sank.
On 3 September 1943 Japanese submarine I-25 was sunk by US destroyers: , and other off the New Hebrides islands approximately northeast of Espiritu Santo.
At completion she was the largest steel tank ship on the Pacific west coast and the largest owned by Standard Oil.
She was owned by Standard Oil Company of California and built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at the Alameda Works Shipyard with a hul# 5313.
She was named after William Rheem, president of the Standard Oil Company of California (today's Chevron Corporation) from 1917 until his death on April 19, 1919.
The crew started to abandon ship, but the Master Gustaf Johnson saw that the forward bulkheads good, by moving the cargo from the forward tanks to the stern tanks, the ship was able to move without sinking, so she delivered her oil cargo.
During her time as a college student at Johns Hopkins University, Fink began pursuing her interests in content creation by making stop motion animations for brands including Under Armour, Oreo, and SoulCycle.
After working there for one year, she left Ogilvy to become a video producer and lifestyle host at Refinery29, a female-focused content marketing site.
In the Try Living with Lucie series, Fink takes on an array of challenges for five days and documents her steps on social media.
In the Lucie for Hire series, Fink attempts various jobs such as dogwalking, interior design, ballet, gymnastics, pasta making, and cranberry farming.
The XXXI Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2020, also known as Ivan Yarygin (Yariguin) 2020 is a United World Wrestling rankings freestyle wrestling international tournament, which was held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia between the 23rd and 26th of January 2020.
He worked as the hotel photographer in the Southern Cross in Melbourne while studying photography at Prahran College of Advanced Education.
It was first reported that the Jaguar was applying to play for the 2020 season after the announcement of Warrior's plight.
It became a major European hit, reaching the Top 10 in several countries, like Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden.
It is the second largest in the prefecture after the Shōbōji Kofun in Nishio, and the largest of the Sakurai Kofun Group, which also includes the Himeogawa Kofun and twenty other tombs.
The front has a width of 36 meters and height of 6.7 meters and the rear has a width of 45 meters and height of 10 meters.
The summit is flat, and there is a square protrusion about 15 meters square on the east side of the front portion.
The excavation confirmed the presence of a circumferential moat ten meters wide and one meter deep, at least on the north side of the tumulus.
The Australia Day Honours 2020 are appointments to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by Australian citizens.
The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, the first announced to coincide with Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours, which are announced on the second Monday in June.
The Weller River (French: Rivière Weller) is a tributary left bank of the Blanche River whose confluence is found east of the village of Saint-Ubalde, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec in Canada.
The surface of the Sainte-Anne river (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Weller River rises at Lac Carillon (length: ; altitude: ) which straddles the boundary of the municipalities of Saint-Ubalde and Notre-Dame-de-Montauban.
The resort developed in certain segments of the northwest and southwest shores of the lake because of Enchanted Street (north shore) and Chemin des Ballades (southwest shore).
The station was burned down by the Union troops of Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in the latter years of the US.
These two trains were among the trains that Amtrak chose not to pick up when it assumed long distance operations on May 1, 1971.
With a length of 96 meters and a height of 6 meters, it is the largest tumulus in the Mani Kofun group.
Per a 1935 excavation, a hollow with a diameter of 4-5 meters was found in the rear circular portion, which is where the burial chamber was probably located.
Fluorescent X-ray analysis revealed that this pottery had been fired at the Shinohara ancient kiln site eight kilometers to the north.
The is an archaeological site containing a large Kofun period [[kofun|burial mound] located in what is now part of [[Shōwa-ku|Shōwa Ward]] in the city of [[Nagoya]], [[Aichi Prefecture]].
The Hachimanyama Kofun is a large circular mound, with a diameter of 82 meters and height of 10 meters, and was once surrounded by a 10-meter wide moat (now filled in).
During [[World War II]], the site was seized by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]], and the summit was flattened for use as the location of an anti-aircraft battery.
After the war, the mound was remodeled by the city of Nagoya, and trees were replanted; however, no excavation was made and the site was fenced off with public access prohibited.
The is an archaeological site containing a late fourth century Kofun period [[kofun|burial mound] located in what is now part of the city of [[Anjō, Aichi]] in the [[Tōkai region]] of [[Japan]].
As a result of a 2016 excavation, it was found that the front portion was closer to trapezoidal rather than rectangular as originally assumed, with changes to the terrain caused by landfill in the [[Edo period]] and after World War II.
The same survey found traces of moats on the west and north sides, but for unknown reasons the moats did not extend to the south side.
At the 2019 World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 59 kg event.
Top 100 Mexico is a record chart published weekly by AMPROFON (Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas), a non-profit organization composed by Mexican and multinational record companies.
SDLA started as a section of the South Dakota Federated Women’s Club (SDFWC) in 1904; two years later it began to be sponsored by the South Dakota Education Association for the nest eleven years.
SDLA, along with the South Dakota State Library, sponsors an annual South Dakota Children's Book Awards--Prairie Bud, Prairie Bloom, and Prairie Pasque Children's Book Awards--and a Young Adult Reading Program.
Saveljić was born in Kragujevac, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
In 1998, she was appointed as director of Kragujevac's public corporation for recreation and child and youth recreation; six years later, she was appointed by the mayor of Kragujevac as chief expert for social policy.
After the election, the URS initially participated in a new coalition government led by the Serbian Progressive Party and the Socialist Party of Serbia; in 2013, however, it moved into opposition.
In the same year, the various constituent groups of the URS (including Together for Šumadija) merged into a single united party.
Chihhang Air Base, also known as Taitung Air Force Base, is a military aiport operated by the Republic of China Air Force in Taitung County, Taiwan.
In 2018 the Air Force issued a solicitation for an automated CIWS system to add an additional layer of protection to Chihhang Air Base.
It has been named as the likely home for two squadrons of F-16V Taiwan will acquire from the US starting in 2023.
After teaching for a year, she went to U.S. to study for her Master of Fine Arts at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
In 1978 Reisberg returned to Melbourne to work as a graphic designer before moving to Adelaide in 1979 were she took up a lectureship in Photography at Torrens College.
In 1982 the Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council granted her a participation fee through their regional development program for a national touring exhibition conducted over 1981-2.
He represented China at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 67.5 kg event in 2004 and the bronze medal in the men's 67.5 kg event in 2008.
This journey lasted longer than the usual route, and disembarkation at St. Paul's Bay was also slower, so the next scheduled crossing from Marfa of 16.30 was cancelled.
A policeman who was among the stranded passengers phoned his superiors in Gozo, who then informed Sergeant S. Galea, a policeman on duty at Mġarr, to make arrangements to pick up the passengers.
The number of people on the boat was higher than expected, and despite Refalo and Grima's proposal to make two trips, the passengers had insisted on making only one crossing.
At this point, the seas became rougher due to the wind direction, and the coxswain told the passengers that it would be better to head to the bay of Ħondoq ir-Rummien than the harbour of Mġarr.
One of the passengers, Karmnu Attard, managed to swim to shore and went to the village of Qala to call the police at Mġarr, informing the authorities about the accident.
The search and rescue operation was undertaken by the police, the Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force and some Gozitan civilians.
Apart from Attard, three other passengers had managed to swim to shore, while the remaining 23 people on board were killed.
Post mortem examinations found that most of the victims died of asphyxia due to drowning, while others died of cerebral contusions and shock.
Governor Francis Douglas, Prime Minister Paul Boffa, Nationalist Party leader Enrico Mizzi and Democratic Action Party leader Giuseppe Hyzler expressed condolences to the families of the victims.
A funeral for the first seven victims was held at the Cathedral of the Assumption in Victoria, Gozo on 3 November.
Mass was celebrated by Bishop Giuseppe Pace, and it was attended by Prime Minister Boffa, Commissioner for Gozo Edgar Montanaro, a representative for the Governor, Gozitan members of parliament and clergy, as well as RAF and police detachments along with the families of the victims.
The Prime Minister also set up two committees, one to raise funds for the families of the victims, and another to examine the report of Gouder's inquiry and to make recommendations on what action needs to be taken.
On 12 December 1949, this committee stated that Gouder's inquiry was adequate, the police were not at fault, and there was no need for further inquiries.
The committee's recommendations included better enforcement of regulations regarding passenger transport, and that only authorised boats should be allowed to carry passengers.
One of the committee members, Henry Jones, disagreed with the committee's findings and made a separate report demanding why the 16.30 ferry crossing had been cancelled.
An annual remembrance ceremony is held on the anniversary of the disaster at the memorial and on board Gozo Channel Line ferries.
The 1935 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1935 college football season.
The team scored 47 of their points in two shutout wins, and only eight total points in their other six games.
The November 9 win over Tufts was the last football game the Wildcats played at Memorial Field, as home games moved to Lewis Field (now named Wildcat Stadium) the following season, where the program has remained.
Head coach Cowell was in ill health at the start of the season, with Ernest Christensen, one of his assistants, leading the team as they prepared for their first game.
Two of Yale's touchdowns on October 5 were scored by Clint Frank, who would go on to win the Heisman Trophy in 1937.
The November 2 game versus Boston University was the first Wildcat home football game broadcast on radio; it was carried on WHEB (AM) of Portsmouth, New Hampshire; the game was also attended by Styles Bridges, then Governor of New Hampshire.
Wildcat captain Milton Johnson would later have a brief pre-season stint with the 1938 Washington Redskins, and may have played with the Boston Shamrocks that season.
Chiashan Air Force Base () is a military aiport operated by the Republic of China Air Force in Taitung County, Taiwan.
It is one of the most important defense installation on Taiwan as it houses the military’s most survivable aerial counter-attack forces.
In 2018 the Air Force issued a solicitation for an automated CIWS system to add an additional layer of protection to Chihhang Air Base and Chiashan Air Force Base.
Construction of the main underground section of the base spanned from 1985 to 1993 and cost more than 27 billion NTD to build.
The underground hangar has ten blast doors which exit to multiple runways and has its own hospital as well as multiple underground gas stations.
Scheduled performers were Aja, Chi Chi DeVayne, Eureka O'Hara, Farrah Moan, Kim Chi, Latrice Royale, Sasha Velour, and Shea Couleé, with Trinity Taylor hosting.
She represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 56 kg event in 2008.
At the 2019 World Para Powerlifting Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan she competed in the women's 61 kg event without winning a medal.
The BYD e2 is an electric vehicle compact hatchback with the BYD e3 as the compact sedan version developed by BYD Auto with an all-electric range of up to .
The standard BYD e2 is equipped with a BYD-1814-TZ-XS-A permanent magnet motor with the maximum output of 94hp（70kW）while the BYD e2 400 is equipped with a permanent magnet motor with the maximum output of 100kW, with the maximum torque of both motors being 180 N-m.
He worked six seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), and one season in the Nationale 1A league in France.
Bégin started his career in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) as the head coach and general manager of the Hull Olympiques during the 1982–83 QMJHL season.
Future National Hockey League (NHL) players on the team were Joel Baillargeon, Yves Beaudoin, Alain Raymond, Serge Roberge and Sylvain Turgeon.
Bégin made the decision during the pre-season to put Lemieux on a forward line with Jacques Goyette, after Lemieux asked to play with him.
Laval won 54 games during the regular season, and compiled the best record in league by 14 wins more than the next best team.
In the playoffs, the Voisins defeated both the Drummondville Voltigeurs and Granby Bisons in four consecutive games, then defeated the Longueuil Chevaliers in six games in the league finals.
The victory was the first President's Cup for Bégin, and earned the team a berth at the 1984 Memorial Cup for the national championship.
The Voisins lost 8–2 versus the Kitchener Rangers, then lost 6–5 versus the Ottawa 67's, and lost 4–3 versus the Kamloops Junior Oilers, leaving Bégin winless in coaching at his first Memorial Cup.
Laval struggled without Lemieux who was now on the Pittsburgh Penguins in the NHL, and the Voisins were drawing an average crown of only 750 fans per game.
Bégin was named head coach of the Verdun Junior Canadiens for the final five games of the 1984–85 QMJHL season and the playoffs.
Bégin led Verdun to three wins in the remainder of the regular season, and a first-place finish in the Lebel Division.
In the playoffs, Verdun defeated the Hull Olympiques four games to one in the first round, then defeated the Shawinigan Cataractes four games to one in the second round, and defeated the Chicoutimi Saguenéens in four consecutive games to win the President's Cup.
Marie Greyhounds in game one, lost 5-3 to the Prince Albert Raiders in game two, and lost 5-1 to the Shawinigan Cataractes in game three.
His team placed fourth overall in the league, and included Michel Galarneau who finished tenth in league scoring and François Dusseau who won the Jean-Pierre Graff Trophy as the league's rookie-of-the-year.
On November 6, 1987, he was announced as an assistant coach to Dave Chambers on the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team, to replace Clément Jodoin who joined the Pittsburgh Penguins.
The Canadian juniors travelled to Moscow for the 1988 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, and won the gold medal with a record of six wins and a draw.
In the playoffs, Bégin's team defeated the Victoriaville Tigres four games to one in the first round, defeated the Shawinigan Cataractes four games to one in the second round, then faced the Hull Olympiques in the finals.
Bégin was one win away from his third President's Cup title as Drummondville held a three games to one lead in the series, but lost the final three games of series to Hull.
During the tournament, he was given an interview by Hockey Canada for the national junior team head coach position at the upcoming 1989 World Championships.
Drummondville team lost the first game by a 8-3 score to the Windsor Spitfires, and lost the second game by a 7-1 score to the Medicine Hat Tigers.
He questioned the intensity of Quebec teams in the tournament, and said that it was easy to win in the QMJHL without playing with intensity.
Bégin's team lost the third game by a 5-2 score to the Hull Olympiques, and he became winless in all nine Memorial Cup games coached.
On February 9, 1989, Bégin was suspended indefinitely as coach and general manager of the Drummondville Voltigeurs, after he was arrested on accusations of sexual assault.
Bégin was arrested at his home in Drummondville on February 8, 1989, and charged with sexual assault against an 11-year-old boy.
He was later arrested and charged with seven counts of sexual assault involving two boys, neither of whom played on his team.
In March 2019, Trinity Taylor left the tour as a sign of solidarity after Monét X Change was removed for missing a stop to participate in a music video.
Formed in Alton, Illinois, the group consisted of Luther Ingram singing lead, his brothers Archie Ingram and Richard Ingram, Lawrence Witherspoon, and Connie Perry.
The Football Museum (pt: Museu do Futebol) is a space in the city of São Paulo, Brazil dedicated to the most different subjects involving the practice, history and curiosities revolving around football in Brazil and in the world.
This cultural space was built inside Pacaembu Stadium, located at Charles Miller Square in the Pacaembu neighborhood, on the west side of the city.
The work was carried out by a consortium formed by the municipality and the São Paulo state government and inaugurated in September 29, 2008, with the presence of Pelé.
In the museum, visitors have the opportunity to understand how a sport of English origin, practiced by white members of the elite, gradually became a sport characteristic of all Brazil by adhering mestizo and popular traits of the Brazilian culture.
The museum tells the history of football from its beginning until the present days and its relations with arts and the life of people.
The main exhibition is distributed in 15 rooms, accessible to people with disabilities and that can be visited with the support of downloadable audio guides for smartphones available in Portuguese, English and Spanish.
Since 2013, the museum also hosts the Brazilian Football Reference Centre, in which the first public library specialised in football in Brazil is located, holding more than 4,000 titles among books, periodicals, catalogs, films and documentaries on DVDs..
The idea of a state library association was first proposed by Agnes Snow, the chairman of the Wyoming State Federation of Women’s Clubs’ Literacy and Library Extension Committee.
The library association, originally called WSLA, held its first meeting on October 6, 1914 in Laramie and elected Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, the University of Wyoming's first librarian, as president with Snow as vice president.
She is a recipient of the Ohtli Award, the highest award given by the Mexican government to people serving Mexicans abroad.
Serrato is the Executive Director of Project Citizenship, a non-profit focused on helping legal permanent residents (green card holders) become American citizens.
In 2019, Project Citizenship and Ropes and Gray sued USCIS for their plan to remove fee waivers for the naturalization process.
Prior to Project Citizenship, Serrato worked for the Volunteer Lawyers Project and the legal services center of Harvard Law School, where she handled domestic violence cases.
Pataki previously served as Special Assistant to President Donald Trump and Deputy Director of the Office of Public Liaison, serving under Steve Munisteri.
After graduating from Loyola Blakefield, He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications from Ohio State University, where he played on the Ohio State Buckeyes men's lacrosse team.
He also served as a floor aide to Eric Cantor, and as a staffer for the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
The song marks the second time that Thalía collaborates with Ricky Montaner who wrote her 2014 hit single Por Lo Que Reste De Vida.
Santa Rosa commonly known as Santa Rosa de Lima is a populated place located in the municipality of Villagrán, in the Mexican state of Guanajuato.
Santa Rosa de Lima is located in the northeast of the municipal territory of Villagrán, almost in the limits with the municipality of Celaya and the municipality of Santa Cruz de Juventino Rosas.
It is located approximately one kilometer south of the Mexican Federal Highway 45D, the main toll road in the region that leads to Celaya to the east and Salamanca to the west.
It joins this highway by a dirt road and with a paved road that joins it with the municipal capital, Villagrán and Cortazar.
According to the Population and Housing Census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in 2010, the total population of Santa Rosa de Lima is 2,727 inhabitants, of which 1,312 are men and 1,415 are women.
Santa Rosa de Lima has gained national notoriety due to being the origin of the group called the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel, dedicated to the illegal commercialization of stolen fuel from the pipelines of the state-owned Pemex, also known as huachicol.
The Ponte dei Mulini is the name attached to the mainly man-made separations made across the Mincio River at Mantua, region of Lombardy, Italy.
Circa the year 1188, the architect Alberto Pitentino designed a series of dams to flood the swampy area North and West of the medieval city of Mantua.
Use of the kinetic energy of the water flow was directed through at least 12 dozen mills, each named after a separate apostle, built along the dam.
At the north end of the bridge, circa 1530, Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua commissioned from Giulio Romano construction of a fortress, Porta Giulia, defending access to the city.
The brook arises near Woodbridge High School, flows east, and crosses Wedgewood Avenue, Amboy Avenue and Barron Avenue before entering Woodbridge River in the Woodbridge River Park.
The twin culvert size at the railroad crossing just downstream from Barron Avenue is 4x4 feet; this leads to severe upstream flooding.
It is estimated that a 100 year flood will put the area under nine feet of water and affect 42 homes.
Farther downstream the Wedgewood Avenue neighborhood along the brook is susceptible to tidal flooding, and many of its homes have been offered buyouts by the city.
After Sandy, using money from the New Jersey Buyout Program, Woodbridge bought out and demolished many residential properties in the flood hazard areas.
In Woodbridge not everybody wants to sell; 2050, when the properties may be under water, seems too far in the future for some.
In 1998, she and her husband founded the Social and Cultural Development Association (INMA), a development NGO to provide educational, health and economic services in Kefraya.
Akar was appointed Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister in January 2020, one of six women appointed to the twenty member Cabinet in the new government headed by Prime Minister Hassan Diab.
She has been accused of being affiliated with various political parties, but sources denied this saying she has no partisan background and was chosen by President Michel Aoun.
At the handover ceremony on 23 January, 2020, when she replaced Elias Bou Saab, Akar spoke about the right of the people to protest and pressure the government and the government's responsibility to act in the people's best interests.
She is married to Jawad Adra, a Sunni businessman who heads one of the country's largest companies, and built the Nabu Museum with artefacts mostly from his private collection.
They were married in Cyprus as they could not have a civil marriage in Lebanon as a Christian and a Muslim.
The son of the MP of the same name, whose career his was described by History of Parliament Online as similar to, his younger brother and nephew were both MPs named Laurence Acton.
He was also bailiff (1385 to 1393), justice of the peace (26 December 1390), and mayor (1393-1396) of the aforementioned town.
The name of the Cartel refers to the town of Santa Rosa de Lima located in the municipality of Villagrán in Guanajuato.
There, the organization was born, which has expanded throughout the entity and even in adjacent parts of the state with Querétaro and Michoacán , where its main activity is the theft of fuel, registering 1,696 milking points during 2017.
This operation resulted in a wave of violence generated by the dispute of the territory with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel.
The cartel is commanded by José Antonio Yépez Ortiz and has a nearby circle made up of 14 people including their families.
The Santa Rosa de Lima cartel stormed the state with greater force during the year of 2017, which can be noticed by a video published through social networks, where the Marro, surrounded by more than a hundred armed people, with tactical team, only allowed to the armed forces, challenged the CJNG and the other criminal organizations that operate in Guanajuato.
After this announcement, a great deal of insecurity has been reported in the area, which even President Andrés Manuel López Obrador confirmed that since his government started (on December 1, 2018) the state of Guanajuato has been reported as a of the most violent entities, confirmed by Criminal Traffic Light.
The report states that more than 28,816 homicides were committed during 2018, which meant an increase of 15% compared to 2017 being the worst rate of the last 20 years, since the federal actions against criminal organizations began of the country in 2000.
The attack was due to reports about the sea in the interior of the place and for not paying a floor charge.
On October 29, 2019, Marco Antonio Flores Martínez, aka El Ñecas, was arrested, who planned to place a bomb on a plane, as well as detonate a Pemex pipeline in response to the operations that the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador launched.
Grosso started racing at age 4 when his father gave him a quarter midget for his birthday, and eventually began to compete frequently in dirt modified races at New Egypt Speedway in his home state of New Jersey.
Grosso's parents, Rick and Nanci, were the owners of the racetrack from 1997 to 2006, buying the track when it was dilapidated, and renovating it before selling it to other owners.
He drove a full season in the CARS Late Model Stock Tour in 2017, driving a car owned by NASCAR on NBC pit reporter Marty Snider.
He made his first start in the ARCA Series later that year at the dirt track of DuQuoin, earning a fifth place finish driving the No.
With big shoes to fill, Grosso made his first start at the second race of the season at Nashville due to not being old enough to run the season-opener at Daytona which was before his 18th birthday on March 30th.
However, under ARCA rules, Grosso was allowed to participate in the series' testing at the track in January as well as run one lap in practice for the race there in February before being required to withdraw, the same situation Riley Herbst was faced with in 2017.
Theriault was supposed to replace him for Daytona, but later in the offseason, the team signed Will Rodgers to drive for them, and he brought sponsorship.
Grosso was eventually released from Schrader's team, and he was replaced by his teammate Rodgers, who after subbing for Grosso at Daytona had been running a part-time schedule in the No.
Although Grosso did not make any ARCA or stock car starts for another team for the rest of 2018 or in 2019, he was still racing.
Grosso is from the Belle Mead section of Montgomery Township, New Jersey and is a 2018 graduate of Montgomery High School.
His dad was friends with his high school principal, who allowed Grosso to have extra absences during the school year so he could go racing.
At the 2018 World Wrestling Championships held in Budapest, Hungary she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 72 kg event.
The Navy has cornered him several times since February, but the people who protect him set cars and trucks on fire to block the way to the military.
In 2019, he formed an alliance with an armed wing of the Gulf Cartel called Special Forces Grupo Sombra to play the squares in Guanajuato for the Jalisco New Generation Cartel.
In July 2019, authorities froze more than $ 35 million dollars from different accounts, in addition to confirming that the main operators of the Santa Rosa de Lima cartel are dropping out, including blows to 14 buildings and more than 129 seized vehicles.
Johnsen and Halvdan Koht influenced Norwegian historiography in the 1900s through their views that there was no constitutional equality between Denmark and Norway after the introduction of the monarchy in 1660.
Together with the teachers Lorens Berg from Andebu and Jakob Aaland from Nordfjord, as well as Edvard Bull Sr., Johnsen was central to the new local historical movement that arose after the dissolution of the union.
They orientated themselves beyond the discipline of history and studied life in a small community based on source-critical studies in local and national archives.
The institute did not receive any special support from the Germans, but the Nasjonal Samling party was very interested in it.
Van Gordon Sauter (born September 14, 1935, in Middleton, Ohio) is a television executive who served as the president of CBS News and the president of Fox News.
Sauter graduated with a bachelor's degree in English from Ohio University in 1957 and with a master's degree in journalism from the University of Missouri in 1959.
Sauter was a two-time president of CBS News, serving as president of CBS News from 1982 until 1983 and again in 1986.
He held many other positions at CBS including being an executive producer for CBS News radio from 1970 until 1972, Paris bureau chief of CBS News from 1975 until 1976, and president of CBS Sports from 1980 until 1982.
He has been married to former California Treasurer Kathleen Brown, the sister and daughter of former California governors Jerry Brown and Pat Brown.
It mostly involve myeloid with either of T lymphocyte or B lymphocyte progenitors, but in rare cases all the three cell lineages.
According to WHO criteria, myeloid lineage is characterised by the presence of myeloperoxidase, while B and T lymphoid lineages are indicated by the expression of CD19 and cytoplasmic CD3.
He reported:In conclusion, then, there seems no doubt, not only from the condition of the blood during life but also from the pathological findings, that we are dealing here with a hyperplasia of both the myeloid and adenoid tissues.
The definitive cases came into light in 1980 after two separate reports, one from Western Infirmary, Glasgow, and the other from William N. Wishard Memorial Hospital (now the Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital), Indianapolis.
With updated classification, translocations on chromosome 21 and 22 [t(8;21)(q22;q22)], and on 16 and 22 [t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)], as well as inversion on chromosome 16 (p13.1q22) are also included in MPAL.
In 2016 fifteen veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces were chosen to train workers in warzones in how to safely defuse confrontations with child soldiers, so they can be rescued and rehabilitated.
In 2019 the initiative worked with the Canadian Armed Forces in the creation of a Center of Excellence at the Canadian Defence Academy, named the Dallaire Centre of Excellence for Peace and Security.
He played for the Phoenix Cardinals in 1993, the Cincinnati Bengals from 1994 to 1995 and for the St. Louis Rams in 1997.
Dr. Golok Chandra Goswami (15 November 1923 – 10 January 2020) was an academician, journalist, linguist and litterateur from Assam, India.
He joined the Assamese department at Gauhati University as a lecturer in 1954 and retired as a Professor and Head of the Department in 1985.
He received the prestigious Ananda Ram Baruah Award in 2005 was also honored with Asom Sahitya Sabha’s ‘Sahityacharya’ title in 2002 and ‘Bhashacharya’ title in the year 2000.
Christian Magelssen Ravndal (January 6, 1899 Beirut–October 18, 1984 Vienna, Austria) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who was Director General of the Foreign Service from May 1, 1947 until June 23, 1949, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Uruguay (1949-1951), Hungary (1951-1956), Ecuador (1956-1960), and Czechoslovakia (1960-1961).
Ravndal was born in Beirut (his father, Gabriel Bie Ravndal, was the American consul), attended Robert College, and graduated from Luther College.
Two Fathers' Justice is a film about two men from different walks of life who have to work together to bring to justice the killers of their children.
Due to the failure of the system to deal with the killers, who avoid justice, these two men from very different backgrounds have to take matters into their own hands.
The competition was contested by sixteen teams over a 27-week long season (including finals), with the Norths Devils defeating the Wests Panthers 35–16 in the Grand Final at Suncorp Stadium.
The competition returned to a 16-team format in 1998 with the Bundaberg Grizzlies returning to the competition after a year's absence and the admission of the Townsville Stingers and Gold Coast Vikings.
The Port Moresby Vipers withdrew after two seasons in the competition after they were unable to continue to pay their travel and accommodation costs.
Also in 1998, the Pine Rivers Brothers played as the Brisbane Brothers, while the Logan City Scorpions became the Logan Scorpions.
In 1998, a number of NRL clubs partnered with Queensland Cup sides, sending players not selected in first grade to play in the competition.
The Brisbane Broncos were affiliated with Brisbane Brothers, the Gold Coast Chargers with the Gold Coast Vikings, the Melbourne Storm with the Norths Devils, the North Queensland Cowboys with the Townsville Stingers and the Adelaide Rams with the Wests Panthers.
In 1998, the Queensland Cup became a full 22-round competition, unlike the previous two seasons which had 17 and 18 regular season rounds.
Norths, who finished the season as minor premiers, qualified for their first Grand Final after defeating Brothers and Redcliffe in the finals series.
The Panthers added to their tally soon after when Twist crossed for his second, backing up Shaun Valentine who made a break down the field.
Devils' prop Anthony Bonus crashed over right next to the posts to cut the lead to four, before Geyer scored his second to level the scores.
John Wilshire's sideline conversion put Norths in front by two, their first lead of the game coming in the 60th minute.
Captain Kevin Carmichael was the next to score for Norths, with second-rower Andrew Hamilton kicking a field goal 10 minutes later to extend Norths' lead to seven.
Geyer and Matt Rua would go onto play in the Melbourne Storm's NRL Grand Final win over the St George Illawarra Dragons a year later, while Steven Bell would win an NRL premiership with the Manly Sea Eagles in 2008.
Suraiya is a 2020 Bengali short film directed by Anirudho Rasel with Shahiduzzan Selim and Shiba Ali Khan playing the lead roles.This film based on true event during 1947 partition of India and Pakistan.
She studied in Madrasa and took 1st place in the exam .The Authority of Madrasa decided to give her chance to join as teacher in that Madrasa.
Then people came to know that Suraiya was by born Sikh and so many  years of cherished life of her completely changed within a moment.
The story is inspired by a Sikh woman during the partition of India and Pakistan in Rawalpindi and the main story was written  by Kuldip Nayar.
Pilar Prades Expósito or Santamaría (1928 - 19 May 1959) was a Spanish maid, sentenced to death for murder through arsenic poisoning.
Illiterate and introverted, she changes her house several times until in 1954 when she enters to work for the marriage of Enrique Vilanova and Adela Pascual, who run a farmhouse on Sagunto street in Valencia.
Prades then goes to work at the home of the military doctor Manuel Berenguer and his wife Mª del Carmen Cid, recommended by Aurelia Sanz Hernanz, the cook.
Soon, Aurelia falls ill. Dr. Berenguer is alarmed and enters Aurelia in the hospital, where he seems to experience some improvement.
When his wife exhibits the same symptoms, consult other specialists and perform a diagnostic test to confirm the presence of poison.
Although the evidence is considered circumstantial, since Prades confessed after 36 hours without eating or sleeping, a flask of an arsenic-based killer was found among her belongings that was suspected of being the weapon of the crime.
The executioner designated to carry out the execution was Antonio López Sierra who, after knowing that a woman was going to be executed, refused to do so.
The execution, scheduled for six in the morning, was carried out more than two hours later, waiting for a pardon that did not arrive.
In 1985 the first season of the TVE series The imprint of crime was recorded, one of whose episodes was dedicated to the case of Prades.
José Prades, Pilar's brother, sued TVE and the screenwriter for honor injuries, a lawsuit that was dismissed by the Supreme Court.
In 1974 he was awarded a Diploma of Art from the National Gallery Art School of Victoria, then undertook a Graduate Diploma of Education at Melbourne University.
AEV and FaZe Clan partnered together for the team, and in October 2019, they announced that the team would be named the Atlanta FaZe.
However in the eight years since the murder Stack's wife has died from cancer and he is now working as a night watchman; Bradley wife has become an alcoholic and he has to convince Stack to help him.
He composed this of individuals who acted for the party as spokespeople in assigned roles while he was Leader of the Opposition (1972–74).
Likewise he made the choice to highlight both National's experience and stability by making minimal changes to his lineup from February 1972.
As the National Party formed the largest party not in government at the time, the frontbench team was as a result the Official Opposition within the New Zealand House of Representatives.
Jonas Brothers in Vegas is the first concert residency by American band Jonas Brothers at Park Theater located in the Park MGM hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Edward Acton was an English politician who was MP for Shropshire in 1378, October 1382, April 1384, November 1384, 1386, and September 1388.
He was High Sheriff of Shropshire, alnager, justice of the peace, and tax collector in the same county, and escheator for that county and also Staffordshire and the adjacent marches.
It details her quest to discover her origins as, with the assistance of a Korean-speaking friend and her spouse, she navigates the bureaucracy and false statements in South Korean adoption papers supplied by agencies trying to mislead her.
Sat Deul is a 10th century temple at Deule / Sat Deule in the Memari I CD block in the Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of the Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Sat Deul is located east of the Durgapur Expressway (part of National Highway 19) and is approachable via the Memari-Tarakeswar Road.
Examples of such dilapidated deuls are still standing at Satdeula (in Bardhaman), Bahulara and Sonatapal (in Bankura) and Deulghat (in Purulia).
Block.””The exterior walls of Sat Deul contains elaborate brick work decoration of floral and geometric patterns, sadly most of it has been lost.” Nothing much is known about the history of the temple.
However, some of the Jain designs on the walls indicate that it was possibly a Jain temple.P.C.Dasgupta, writing in the Jain Journal 7/3: 130- 132, 1973, mentions Sat deuliya as a rare Jain icon.In the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal it is mentioned as a Jain brick temple.
Patricia Frazer Lock (born 1953) is an American mathematician, mathematics educator, statistician, statistics educator, and textbook author whose research interests include social networks and quantum logic.
She graduated from Colgate University in 1975, with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, and went on to graduate study at the University of Massachusetts Amherst where she earned a master's degree in 1978 and completed her Ph.D. in 1981.
After working for a term as an instructor at the United States Naval Academy, she joined St. Lawrence University in 1981.
With Deborah Hughes Hallett, Andrew M. Gleason, and others, Lock is one of the co-authors of the Harvard Calculus Consortium series of textbooks.
In 2017 Lock won the Dexter C. Whittinghill III Award of the Mathematical Association of America Special Interest Group on Statistics Education for her work on incorporating visualizations of big data into introductory statistics courses.
It was released as the only single from the group second album Espresso Bongo and it reached at number 18 on the Kent Music Report.
Canadian Minister of National Defence Harjit S. Sajjan announced the creation of the Dallaire Centre of Excellence for Peace and Security on June 25, 2019.
The Centre of Excellence is located at the Canadian Defence Academy, and former General and former Senator Romeo Dallaire will play a leadership role.
Mike Thompson is an American politician, meteorologist and weather forecaster currently serving as a member of the Kansas Senate representing the 10th Senate District in Johnson County, Kansas.
He was appointed to the Senate in January 2020 by Republican Party precinct committee members in the 10th District following the resignation of Mary Pilcher-Cook, and took office on January 21, 2020, following a formal appointment by Governor Laura Kelly.
Prior to WDAF-TV, he was the chief meteorologist for KCTV from 1983 to 1992 as well as a meteorologist for KOKH-TV and KWTV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and WPCQ-TV in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Thompson was elected to the Kansas Senate by Republican Party officials in Johnson County to complete the final year on Pilcher-Cook's term.
He faces an August 2020 Republican primary challenge from Republican state Representative Tom Cox in a campaign for a full four year term in the Senate.
Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund, 421 U.S. 491 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case that defined the limits of Congress's authority to issues subpoenas.
In an 8-1 decision, the court found that Congress was within its constitional powers to issue a subpeona for the banking records of United States Servicemen's Fund.
James Eastland was a Democratic senator from Mississippi, who supported American involvement in the Vietnam War and chaired the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security.
Unlike in the previous years, Roger Federer officially started his season in the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open.
At the Australian Open, the deciding set tie-break is played to 10 points, instead of the more common 7 points; at one point Millman led 8–4, after which Federer won six consecutive points to claim the match.
In the quarterfinals, he defeated Tennys Sandgren, saving seven match points in the fourth set and coming back from two sets to one down to reach the semifinals.
This table chronicles all the matches of Roger Federer in 2020, including walkovers (W/O) which the ATP does not count as wins.
His record against players who were part of the ATP Rankings Top Ten at the time of their meetings is .
Franks became an activist in the unrest in the St. Louis suburb of Ferguson, Missouri, following the shooting of Michael Brown in 2014.
The film covers his time in state government and his struggles with unresolved childhood trauma, including witnessing his nine-year-old brother's death in a shooting.
It also screened at Big Sky Film Fest, where it won the jury prize for best documentary short; Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, where it won the audience award for best short; AFI Docs, where it won the audience award; and the St. Louis International Film Festival, where it won best local short.
Lost in Russia () is a 2020 Chinese comedy film co-written and directed by Xu Zheng, who also stars in the lead role.
The film follows the story of an awkward journey to Russia of a manipulative old mother and her middle-aged son who wanted to rebel and escape.
The film was slated for release on January 24, 2020 in China but was withdrawn due to 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The Neta N01 is an electric subcompact crossover produced by Hozon Auto under the Neta (Nezha) brand, a Chinese all-electric car marque, manufactured by the Zhejiang Hezhong New Energy Automobile Company.
The Kapauri–Sause (Kapori–Sause) languages form a small language family spoken along the middle Taritatu River in the Jayapura Regency of Indonesian West Papua.
Mohammad Ibrahim killed the game in the 83rd minute with a simple tap-in from tiny box following Rakib Hossain’s fine work on the left side.
Though Valentine's Day in Pakistan is officially banned, and the Islamist orthodoxy has taken steps to obstruct celebrations, many Pakistanis celebrate the day's festivities.
In recent years, youth and commercial establishments in Pakistan have supported Valentine's Day festivities and celebrating romantic friendship and love, as noted by journalists Asif Shahzad and Andrew Roche and Safia Bano, a philosophy lecturer.
They note that youth in the country, where 60 percent of the population is below age 30 and half are under 18, are influenced more by global trends than traditions.
Diaa Hadid says that it is a cause célèbre for religious hard-liners, affording conservatives a chance assert themselves as the caretakers of Islamic identity.
On the other hand, with or without the moral policing, couples are finding ways to defy the ban and celebrate the event, supported by merchants who can increase their prices during the week preceding February 14th.
The Socio-religio-political Islamist antagonism and judicial overreach in Pakistan towards love and Valentine's Day in Pakistan is difficult for outsiders to comprehend.
In the conservative view, women are not allowed to show their faces, not allowed to talk to unrelated men unless the communication is essential, and are unable to choose their own life partner, as that is a decision made by the head of the family.
The focus is not simply to restrict women's free expression on a particular day, but rather to subjugate women to strengthen male dominance through their seclusion from public life.
Lacking an understanding of their civil, legal, and political rights, women's opportunities for participation in society are limited and they are left vulnerable to exploitation, oppression, and abusive control by others without adequate recourse.
In theory, under Islamic law in Pakistan, the marriage parties must consent to marriage, women must be sixteen years old, and a contract must be drawn, but few women are aware of these rights unless a male relative has informed them.
Theoretically out of wedlock love affairs are unsurprising to Muslims, as the Prophet Mohamed engaged in relations prior to marrying Khadija and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, and his wife Ruttie Petit's love story has been widely chronicled.
In practice, however, even a minor hint of a pre-marital or extra-marital relationship might result in an acid attack or honor killing upon a Muslim women.
For years, Valentine's Day has drawn protests from number of religious organizations claiming celebrations of the day violate Islamic sensibilities and traditions.
As with many public spaces which are morally policed by officials and conservative Muslim youth groups, university couples are asked to produce proof of being married and administration officials have suggested that women be gifted hijabs for modesty.
Elsewhere in the same paper, they note that Saint Valentine was sentenced to death by the Roman authorities because he had been performing marriages, despite a government ban that required soldiers to remain unmarried.
One such group, Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba (IJT) uses literature to socialize its members and ingrain specific religious and socio-political values in them.
The organization views itself as a gatekeeper of Islamic values, acting to shut down unethical or un-Islamic activities and prevent universities from becoming secular and westernized.
This includes preventing couples from commingling or sitting together on Valentine's Day and in 2014 erupted into rioting in Peshawar when rival student groups protested celebrating Valentine's Day.
In a well-publicized case from 2015, activist Sabeen Mahmud, known for staging protests in Karachi in favor of Valentine's Day, was murdered by a student who had been radicalized while attending the Institute of Business Administration.
The court ruling, delivered by Justice Shaukat Aziz Siddiqui, who had previously been an activist in Jamaat-e-Islami as well as a political candidate, barred the media from airing promotions of the celebration on television.
The following year, the court banned any promotion of Valentine's Day in public spaces and extended the media ban to include electronic and print media as well.
The rulings led to moral policing of public and commercial spaces with police targeting balloon and flower vendors, cancelling planned entertainment events, and admonishments from Salafi youth groups urging women to adhere to modest behaviors.
Among activist groups with political intent are the Deoband Madrassah Movement, DMM and Tableegh-e-Jamaat, which were themselves born out of reaction to western colonialism.
Tableegh-e-Jamaat was founded in 1927, as a grassroots movement and offshoot of DMM, aimed at empowering any Muslim to disseminate teaching of the faith, as opposed to learning it in a madrasa.
In Punjab, the DMM gained traction among urban workers and middle class through its literalist interpretation of Islamic scriptures, as taught in its educational curricula which was then widely exported throughout the country.
In present Pakistan, these organisations attempt to control the narrative of what Pakistani culture is and is not and are resistant to change, seeing culture as static, rather than dynamically changing.
Despite claims that the holiday is imposing western values by activists from puritanical groups like Tableegh-e-Jamaat and DMM, the public has found ways to defy the bans by adopting novel alternative ways to celebrate Valentine's Day, by exchanging flowers or celebrating during the week, rather on February 14th.
Urban centers, which initially spurred the growth of such organisations, have also led to the downfall of traditionalism, in large part because of socioeconomic developments and the adoption of more modern lifestyles.
An honour killing is the homicide of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community.
The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan lists 460 cases of reported honour killings in 2017, with 194 males and 376 females as victims.
Although these are most likely only a sample of the actual honour killings that were completed during 2017, it still gives a glimpse into characteristics of honour killings in Pakistan.
Sources disagree as to the exact number by year, but according to Human Rights Watch, NGOs/INGOs in the area estimate that around 1000 honour killings are carried out each year in Pakistan.
The video, along with other behaviors like appearing on news programmes and talk shows to highlight hypocrisy, posting revealing selfies with a religious cleric, and offering to strip for the national cricket team, eventually led her brother to murder.
He claimed he had killed her to save the family honour because her videos had put the family in the media spotlight.
Her murder was highly publicized leading to new Pakistani legislation in October 2016 to close a legal loophole which had allowed perpetrators of such murders to be freed, if their actions were forgiven by the victim's family.
Conservative clerics, like Hafiz Hussain Ahmed, who claimed in 2013 that celebrants of the day were likely to become parents within 9 months, decry the undercutting of traditional values.
Ahmed Qassem al-Ghamdi, a cleric and one-time chief of the religious police of Mecca proclaimed that Valentine's Day was not forbidden, as it was a positive celebration of a natural aspect of humans that had nothing to do with religion.
Othman Battikh, Grand Mufti of Tunisia, also attached little significant harm to the day, instead noting that celebrations which bring people together are positive unless morals are violated.
In spite of overarching official antagonism and overreach against celebration of Valentine's Day, people have found ways to still celebrate love and the holiday has steadily gained popularity.
To avoid pressure from moral policing, balloon sellers have avoided heart-shaped and red balloons, opting to sell star, bird, or animal shapes.
Other celebrants find alternate ways to partake of festivities, such as virtual dates, skyping with partners, or browsing on-line advertisements in search of privately available gifts or events.
Some shopkeepers have taken steps to appear compliant with restrictions on selling red roses, while acknowledging that they had hidden stashes to supply regular, known customers.
Other commercial establishments have shifted their promotions around the holiday to on-line and social media outlets, recommending delivery services to avoid scrutiny.
Friends' Day, Modesty Day (Haya Day), Sister's Day, and Family Day, have been promoted as alternative solutions for countering observations of love on February 14th.
During the Peninsular War, he lived in Vilanova i la Geltrú, where he performed decorative work at several homes; notably one belonging to the Llopis de Sitges family, which has since become the Can Llopis Romanticism Museum.
In 1816, back in Barcelona, he began working at the Teatre de la Santa Creu, where he had been appointed Director of decorations and stage machinery.
In 1821, he left Barcelona again, due to an epidemic of yellow fever, went to Manlleu, and painted some sets for a theater in Torelló.
He reached a best singles ranking of 191 in the world and featured in the men's doubles main draw of the 1982 French Open.
Hovithal Sothu (born August 9, 1969), is a Naga Educationist and the present Project Director at Task Force For Music & Arts, Government of Nagaland.
Then, he went on to join the Kohima Science College to pursue his dreams of becoming a doctor where he completed his B.Sc.
He taught at Kohima Science College for a few decades until he chanced upon a vacant post for an associate professor under Home Department in the Nagaland Disaster Management Cell.
Over the years, he has been closely monitoring trainings on Nagaland Services Rules, Disciplinary Rules, Human Rights, Consumer Rights, Elections (for which, he is also the State Master Trainer), basic office procedures, motivation, leadership, etc and also Issues on duties of citizens and Rights and Welfare with People with Disability.
On December 27, the corps was hastily transferred to Maloarkhangelsk in the area northeast of Kursk, where the city of Liwny was lost on December 25 by a Soviet counteroffensive.
In 1942 the corps, now under the 2nd Army, was located in the region east of Maloarchangelsk in defensive/contention battles with the 13th Soviet Army (General Nikolai Pukhov) in the spring of 1942.
In July 1942, the Corps as the left wing of the 2nd Army, was positioned on the border of Heeresgruppe Mitte and Heeresgruppe B and maintained the connection with the XXXV Army Corps of the 2nd Panzer Army.
In early 1943, the Corps was defeated in the Voronezh–Kastornoye operation and withdrew towards Oryol, where it suffered further defeats in Operation Kutuzov and the Battle of Smolensk.
In January 1945, it fought against the Soviet East Prussian Offensive and it ended the war defending the harbor city of Pillau.
Wang Junzhi (; born September 1955) is a Chinese biological products testing expert and the deputy director of National Institute for Food and Drug Control.
In 1995 he joined the National Institute for Food and Drug Control, where he was promoted to deputy director in June 2001.
The original Spur 300 was designated on December 14, 1981 from FM 521, 8.2 miles north of Angelton, south 1.6 miles to SH 288 along an old routing of SH 288.
The original Spur 309 was designated on May 22, 1956 from US 77, 0.8 mile north of Cameron, northwest to a county road.
Spur 310 was designated on June 18, 1996 from then-new US 67 north of Presidio to a point 0.5 mile south along an old routing of US 67.
The original Spur 312 was designated on August 17, 1956 from US 80 (now IH 20) west of Abilene south 0.8 mile to Abilene Air Force Base (now Dyess Air Force Base).
Spur 314 was designated on October 24, 1956 from SH 22 in Mertens southeast and southwest 0.2 mile to FM 308 along an old routing of FM 308.
The number originally belonged to Loop 316, which was designated on February 26, 1957, from US 80 near Loraine eastward along the old route of US 80 to US 80.
Spur 316 was designated on December 17, 2009, from a part of FM 120, as the section north of SH 289 was transferred to SH 289, and FM 120 was rerouted over part of FM 996.
Spur 329 was designated on October 30, 1957 from US 83 at or near Harrison Avenue and an MP Railroad line in western Harlingen to US 77 at or near a then-present intersection of US 77 and Primera Road, east of the rail line.
Spur 346 was designated on December 14, 1960 from US 87 in Port Lavaca to SH 35 near the west end of the Lavaca Bay Causeway along an old routing of SH 35.
Spur 348 was designated on February 22, 1961 from Loop 12/SH 183 north to IH 35E just north of then-SH 114.
On January 7, 1971 the route was transferred to Loop 12 when it was rerouted (the former route of Loop 12 became Spur 482) and Spur 348 was reassigned the same day to an old routing of SH 114 from SH 114 to Loop 12.
Spur 349 was designated on April 19, 1961 on the current route; the route was decommissioned from 1962-1969 due to construction of Amistad Dam.
Spur 351 was designated on June 30, 1961 from FM 25 (now SH 46) and FM 78 south to US 90A west of Seguin.
Spur 365 was designated on June 26, 1962 near Brookshire (corrected to Hempstead three months later) from FM 359 and then-US 290 (now US 290 Business) north to then-proposed US 290.
On May 5, 1964 Spur 365 was cancelled and removed from the highway system as it was never built; the route became a portion of FM 359 in 1982.
Spur 378 was designated on February 20, 1962 from US 259 in Kilgore west to SH 135 along an old routing of SH 135.
The original Spur 379 was designated on February 20, 1963 from US 81 (now Business IH 35) in Alvarado northeast to then-new US 67 along an old routing of US 67.
Spur 383 was designated on April 18, 1963 in Burkburnett from then-relocated US 277 west along an extension of Glendale Street to then-US 277 (now SH 240).
Spur 386 was designated on August 1, 1963 in Jacksonville, from Frankston Street north to then-new US 69 along an old routing of US 69.
She attended the World Women Conference at Kolkata in 1973, which led her to begin writing about women in society in Konkani.
Through her early writings, Hema Naik attacked society's prevalent feudalism and male chauvinism, covering the aspect of women in society in Konkani literature.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering who serves as director of Chest Surgery Department of the Peking University People's Hospital.
In 1995, he won the International Anti-Cancer Alliance (UICC) Graham Fellowship and became a visiting scholar at the University of Washington, University of Chicago, University of Southern California and other famous universities.
This is the club's maiden season in the Kerala Premier League, prior to entering the Kerala Premier League as a professional club, they were operating in youth & grassroots level under the name of Luca Soccer Academy.
The Club's U18 Team is a participant of the U18 Kerala Academy League 2019/20 organized by the State Football Association, Kerala Football Association.
he has acted more than 1000 films that he has done is in Tamil, though he has acted in Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi.
he had acted as the comedian with four generation heroes, starting from MGR and Sivaji to heroes like Kamal Haasan, Rajinikanth and Vijayakanth, Mohan.
Wang Qi (; born February 1943) is a Chinese andrologist who is a professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
His administration (1940-1944) has been traditionally controversial, during his tenure the University of Costa Rica was created, the border problem with Panama was solved through the Echandi-Fernández treaty and in alliance with the Catholic Church and the Costa Rican Communist Party, the Labor Code and the Social Guarantees were promulgated.
However accusations of authoritarianism, voters' fraud, corruption and persecution of political opponets and ethnic minotories (particularly Germans, Italians and Japanese after the Pearl Harbor attacks with Costa Rican joning World War II as part of the Allies) stained Calderon's rule.
Calderón directly from 1940 to 1944, his chosen candidate, Teodoro Picado Michalski won the 1944 Costa Rican general election as part of a Republican-Communist coalition named Victory Bloc and in the middle of increasing political tensions.
The National Electoral Court provisionally declared the opposition candidate Otilio Ulate Blanco provisionally elected, but Calderón Guardia filed a fraud and presented to Congress a nullity of the presidential elections, although not of the legislative ones, in which his supporters had obtained a majority.
This caused a civil war, in which the government forces were defeated militarily by those of rebel caudillo José Figueres Ferrer.
Calderón went into exile in Nicaragua, and in December 1948 he invaded Costa Rica with support from the government of Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza García, but the expedition - known as the counterrevolution - failed.
Calderón moved with his family to Mexico, and in 1955 he undertook a second invasion of Costa Rica, with the support of Somoza García, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo and Marcos Pérez Jiménez, but his forces were defeated.
With the Republicans and Communist outlawed the Constituent Assembly of Costa Rica was convened in 1949 enabling the current Costa Rican Constitution.
Figueres (who rule de facto for 18 months before giving power to Ulate in 1949) was a formal candidate by the newly formed National Liberation Party winning the 1953 Costa Rican general election.
In 1958 opposition leader Mario Echandi promise to bring back Calderón and family from exile and sign a general amnesty if elected and received the vote in bloc of the Calderonistas.
He was a presidential candidate again in 1962, and despite his defeat, until his death he continued to be a very influential political figure.
In the 1978 election, Rodrigo Carazo Odio was elected president with the support of Calderonism under the banner of a coalition of parties called Unity Coalition, formed by the Calderonist Republican Party, the Christian Democratic Party, the Democratic Renewal Party and the Popular Union Party.
But by 1981 when the struggles for the election of the candidate for the 1982 elections begin, problems arise between the candidate Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier of the Calderonista Republican Party and Rodolfo Méndez Mata, mostly represented by the Democratic Renewal Party.
In these circumstances of struggle of tendencies the Calderonista Republican, Popular Union and Christian Democratic parties decided to go alone to the election and changed the flag of the coalition for another with the colors red and blue (the modern colors of PUSC).
The results support is 34% of the votes but remains as secong most voted force, considered a success given the circumstances.
In April 1983 the Political Directory of the coalition adopted a calendar and it was immediately agreed that the Popular Union Party would serve as the receiver of the other three, changing its name to that of Social Christian Unity Party.
The National Assemblies of each party participating in said coalition had to agree, in advance, its dissolution to immediately give way to the merger.
On December 17, 1983, at the last session of the National Assemblies of the parties that formed the Unity Coalition, they agreed to dissolve and merge into one.
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier and Óscar Aguilar Bulgarelli register as pre-candidates, however, at the beginning of the campaign, Bulgarelli drops the race.
With only one pre-candidate left, the convention is suspended and on December 2, 1984, Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier was elected as presidential candidate.
On February 2, 1986 the electoral result favored the rival National Liberation Party's nominee, Oscar Arias Sánchez by a difference of 6.5%, however PUSC managed to elect 25 deputies while its presidential candidate had received 45.8% of the valid votes makign clear the existence of a two-party system.
Due to the defeats suffered in the previous elections, in 1982 and 1986, Calderón Fournier had retired from an eventual candidacy, and supported Rodriguez.
Meanwhile, there had been clashes between Rodriguez and Calderón for the list of candidates for deputies, which causes many leaders to begin to support Calderón's candidacy.
Shortly after a movement is generated, which starts mainly from the PUSC deputies, to formally request Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier to be a candidate for the presidency again.
After two consecutive periods of the PLN in power, and demonstrated the strength of the PUSC in the 1986 elections, the prospects for winning the elections in 1990 were very favorable.
In the elections of February 4, 1990, Calderón was elected president with 46.2% of the votes over his liberationist opponent Carlos Manuel Castillo.
Not only the presidency was reached but also the majority in the Legislative Assembly and a victory in the seven provinces of the country.
Thus, the party consolidated in the 90s, for the 1994 election Miguel Ángel Rodríguez is launched as a presidential candidate unopposed, which he loses to PLN's candidate by a small margin of 1.8%.
Despite this the figure of Dr. Abel Pacheco de la Espriella emerges, who with the charisma he had won for several years working on television, and due to his position as deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, is named presidential candidate for the 2002 election winning the election and making PUSC won for the first time twice in a road.
Shaken by corruption scandals, The scandals even caused Calderón and Rodríguez to be arrested, prosecuted and in Calderón's case condemned, the unpopularity of the Pacheco administration and the surgence of the new Citizens' Action Party the party suffered a terrible debacle and its candidate in 2006, Ricardo Toledo Carranza, obtained only 3% of the votes.
After Calderón's conviction for corruption on October 5, 2009, he withdrew his presidential candidacy being replaced by the then deputy of the party Luis Fishman Zonzinski, who obtained a low electoral support, again, of 3%.
The candidate endorsed by the Calderonism for the primary elections of the 2013 Social Christian Unity Party, Dr. Rodolfo Hernández Gómez, won the national convention with 77% of the votes over the liberal rival Rodolfo Piza.
However, Hernández would resign his candidacy despite strong support in the polls following major disagreements with the party leadership, and the candidacy would be assumed by Piza.
In 2015 Calderón and his followers left the party and founded a new one called Social Christian Republican Party (an allusion to Calderón's father historical party).
Nevertheless, PUSC saw a victory in the 2016 municipal election gaining second place in municipal votes surpassing ruling PAC and receiving much more votes than Calderón's new party.
PUSC obtained 15 mayors (second in number after PLN) and saw an increase in its electoral support, unlike PLN that although the more voted party did saw a decrease in support.
In 2018 Piza both Piza and Hernández were nominees but from different parties; Piza from PUSC and Hernández from PRSC attaining fourth and sixth place respectively and supporting opposite candidates in the second round.
Piza would support PAC's candidate Carlos Alvarado Quesada who won the election on second round and would take the office of Prime Minister during Alvarado's first year of tenure.
Jiga Susaran Horo is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Sisai block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
She is known for having been a member of Minister for Indigenous Australians Ken Wyatt's Senior Advisory Group responsible for planning an Indigenous voice to government, from November 2019 until her position was terminated on 28 January 2020.
Cashman is a lawyer and businesswoman, and was an inaugural member of Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull's Indigenous Advisory Council in 2017.
She said that he had benefited financially from falsely claiming to be Aboriginal, and requested that Peter Dutton (Australian Minister for Home Affairs) investigate the matter.
On 24 December 2019, Dutton referred the issue to the Australian Federal Police, who investigated her allegations, but responded thatbased on their inquiriesno Commonwealth offences had been identified.
The next day, Yumbulul released a statement saying that he had not authored the letter, nor given permission for anything to be published under his name.
She belongs to the Warrimay/Worimi and Aranda peoples and has connections with Marika and Yunupingu people in Eastern Arnhem Land and with the south coast of New South Wales and eastern Victoria.
The January 2020 Baghdad rally against U.S. troops' presence refers to hundreds of thousands of protesters marched through Baghdad on 24 January Friday asking for the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq.
The rally was affected by the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani on 3 January 2020 by a U.S. drone strike near Baghdad International Airport.On 6 January, in order to react to the drone attack which also killed top Iraqi military figures Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, Iraq's parliament has voted to expel the 5,200 American troops stationed in the country.
Bandhu Tirkey is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Mandar block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) 2019.
Anterior teeth are one of the most scrutinized teeth, the size and shape and color of the anterior upper teeth plays an important role in dental aesthetics and smile aesthetics.
Clinical studies have found that 60 to 80% of all Class III and V composite resin restorations remain acceptable after 5 years of  clinical service.
It is generally accepted that Class IV restorations do not last as long as Class III and Class V. One study compared four different anterior composite restoration types over 5 years.
Operators should have detailed anatomical knowledge and artistic skill , for example, optimal properties of natural teeth, tooth proportions and their relationships to each other and to the surrounding soft tissues.
Veneers with direct resins are one of the common treatment options for clinical applications following the developments in adhesive and restorative dentistry in recent years.
These restorations are applied on prepared tooth surfaces or even without any preparation, with an adhesive agent and a composite resin material directly in a single visit in the dental clinic.
If done properly, the aesthetic outcomes of direct composite veneers are very satisfactory in addition to superior optical and physical properties.
In recent history these restorations were thought to be temporary alternatives to indirect ceramic veneers; however, they are no longer named 'day savior fillings' today.
These restorations are called minimally invasive, functional and long-lasting 'direct aesthetic restorations' that perfectly emulate natural dental tissues even in anterior area.
3,4 Discolorations of teeth or restorations, dental malformations or mal-positions, diastemas, crown fractures and abrasive or erosive defects are some examples of up-to-date indications of direct composite veneers.
5 Direct composite veneer restorations where the whole labial surface is covered with resin, are good treatment options in such cases.,6 The conventional workflow sequence of a direct composite veneer is 1) Determine if composite veneers is the best option for the patient.
Advantage of composite veneers is it takes much less time compared to a lab-fabricated veneer, it only takes one treatment for the preparation and veneer buildup.
Composite button samples of different shades are placed on teeth and a dental photography taken 3)impression and cast taken, wax up done on teeth, a silicone index guidance is fabricated 4)rubber dam as isolation 5)preparation is done by drilling of a thin layer of tooth structure.
An arbitrary number for the spacing between the teeth to consider as midline diastema is a width of 0.5 from a proximal surface of a teeth to the proximal surface of adjacent teeth.
The cause of this spacing includes but not limited to microdontia, labial frenulum, peg-shaped lateral incisors, mesiodens, cysts in midlene region, tongue trusting, finger sucking, dental malformations, maxillary incisor proclination, genetics, imperfect joining of interdental septum, dental skeletal discrepancies.
The technical factors affecting the course of treatment of the closing of midline diastema includes the size of the existing central incisors, the amount of reduction necessary, the morphology of existing tooth, and the subsequent possibility of a veneer or crown treatment needs to be taken into account, the patient factors affecting the course of treatment includes economic, psychological and time factors of the patient.
With a successful diastema closure, the normal arrangement of teeth can be established Continuous improvement in material science and methodology enables the aesthetics of composite restoration to be of a high standard and realistic in terms of aesthetic, physical and mechanical properties.
The conventional workflow sequence for a diastema closure is 1)Shade selection was done for dentin shade and enamel shade.Composite button samples of different shades are placed on teeth and a dental photography taken to verify 2)Rubber dam isolation 3)Placing a retraction cord.
Light polymerize the bonding agent 5)Layer dentin layer, followed by enamel shade 6)finishing with white stone bur, taking care to follow the natural anatomy 7)polishing with interdental strip and polishing disk with grains of increasing fineness, finally with a composite polishing paste.
Zhang Xue (; born July 1964) is a Chinese geneticist currently serving as president and deputy party chief of Harbin Medical University.
He earned a bachelor's degree in clinical medicine in 1986, a master's degree in genetics in 1989, and a doctor's degree in cell biology in 1994, all from China Medical University (PRC).
He was brought into the team's squad as a replacement for Haris Rauf, who was called up for international duty with Pakistan.
In 1958 he was a research assistant at the Mathematical Institute of the University of Hanover where he habilitated in mathematics in 1961.
Arnold Oberschelp developed a general class logic in which arbitrary classes can be formed without the contradictions of naive set theory.
Additional axioms result in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, which is much more handy in his class-logical representation than in the usual predicate logical representation.
In Sep. 2019, he received the German Institute for Standardization's Beuth Memorial Coin in recognition of his services to standardization in mathematics and technical foundations.
Sammari Lal is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Kanke block of Jharkhand state as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party 2019.
Katherine holds degrees from Brown University, University of East Anglia and a MPhil in English Literature from the University of Oxford where she was a Rhodes Scholar.
It was written, produced, recorded and engineered by lead singer, songwriter, and guitarist Sam Hales and released on 8 July 2019 as the lead single from the band's forthcoming forth studio album.
The Siege of Breda took place from 21 to 27 February 1793 in the course of the Flanders Campaign during the War of the First Coalition .
After the French Revolutionary Armée du Nord commanded by general Charles-François Dumouriez unexpectedly inflicted a devastating defeat on the Austrians at the Battle of Jemappes (6 November 1792), it was able to occupy the Austrian Netherlands almost without any further resistance and attempt an invasion of the weakened Dutch Republic.
Breda was an important fortress in Staats-Brabant; moreover, the Barony of Breda was a centuries-old personal possession of the House of Orange-Nassau, and thus had a symbolic significance for the radical republicans in Paris.
The Armée du Nord crossed the border on 16 February, and already began planting liberty trees in villages near Breda two days later.
A first skirmish took place on 21 February, after which the French, with 3,800 men under the command of François Joseph Westermann, closed all access roads to the city and started constructing the siege works.
On 23 February, the artillery batteries were in place and the beleaguers began to bombard Breda with four mortars and four howitzers.
During a ceasefire, Colonel Philippe Devaux de Vautray ordered the city to surrender, but this demand was rejected, leading the attackers to resume the bombardment.
The next morning, between 3 and 6 o'clock, the French fired the last of their ammunition, although the defenders did not know this.
90 bombs and 100 grenades had been launched over the walls, destroying approximately 60 houses and three times causing fires that were soon extinguished.
However, when colonel Devaux again demanded the city to surrender in the early morning of 24 February, using threatening words, it was accepted under the condition that the Dutch States Army garrison would be granted a withdrawal with full military honours.
However, when Dumouriez suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Neerwinden (18 March 1793), commander Flers prepared the city's defences.
On 29 March, a States officer ordered the fortress to capitulate in the name of the Prince of Orange, while Dumouriez sent Flers a letter ordering him to evacuate Breda.
In September 1794, the French returned and there were several skirmishes in the environs of Breda, leading people to fear a new siege.
This would not happen, however: the French besieged 's-Hertogenbosch, Grave and Nijmegen, crossed the frozen rivers, advanced through the Bommelerwaard and occupied Utrecht and Amsterdam in January 1795.
While the stadtholder and his family and entourage fled to England, the Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam occurred and the Batavian Republic was proclaimed on 18 January.
Rajesh Kachhap is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Khijri block of Jharkhand state as a member of Indian National Congress 2019.
After the Spring: A Story of Tunisian Youth () is a graphic novel by about the aftermath of the Tunisian Revolution as experienced by four young people.
Sukhram Oraon is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Chakradharpur block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
Sona Ram Sinku is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Jaganathpur block of Jharkhand state as a member of Indian National Congress 2019.
She grew up in Kampala and started her activism in December 2018 after becoming concerned about the unusually high temperatures in her country.
Inspired by Greta Thunberg to start her own climate movement in Uganda, she began a solitary strike against inaction on the climate crisis in January 2019.
Eventually, other youth began to respond to her calls on social media for others to help draw attention to the plight of the rain forests in the Congo.
In early January 2020, she joined around 20 other youth climate activists from around the world to publish a letter to participants at the World Economic Forum, calling on companies, banks and governments to immediately stop subsidizing fossil fuels.
She was one of five international delegates invited by Arctic Basecamp to camp with them in Davos during the World Economic Forum; the delegates later joined a climate march on the last day of the Forum.
So, if our farms are destroyed by floods, if the farms are destroyed by droughts and crop production is less, that means that the price of food is going to go high.
And they are the biggest emitters in our countries, the ones who will be able to survive the crisis of food, whereas most of the people who live in villages and rural communities, they have trouble getting food because of the high prices.
In January 2020, the Associated Press news agency cropped Nakate out from a photo she appeared in featuring Greta Thunberg and activists Luisa Neubauer, Isabelle Axelsson, and Loukina Tille after they all attended the World Economic Forum in Davos.
On January 27th 2020, AP Executive editor Sally Buzbee tweeted an apology using her personal account saying that she was sorry on behalf of AP.
The 2020 FIVB Volleyball Women's Challenger Cup will be the third edition of the FIVB Volleyball Women's Challenger Cup, an annual women's international volleyball tournament contested by 6 national teams that acts as a qualifier for the FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
The winner will earn the right to participate in the 2021 Nations League replacing the last placed challenger team after the 2020 edition.
Sona Ram Sinku is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Majhgaon block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
Pamana () is a Filipino educational television series developed by the Sky Foundation (now the Knowledge Channel Foundation) and broadcast on Knowledge Channel beginning in 2001.
The Pepsi Cool Cans were a series of promotional cola cans that were part of a PepsiCo advertising campaign for Pepsi in 1990.
In 1990 during the Cola Wars, PepsiCo introduced four limited edition designed Pepsi cans in the United States from Memorial Day to Independence Day in Pepsi's first change of can design since 1979 in a contest against rival Coca-Cola's MagiCans.
This was part of a wider Pepsi rebranding strategy, which had included a change of logo, where they were attempting to portray Pepsi as the drink for younger people opposed to Coca-Cola for older people.
Roger Love is an American vocal coach based in Los Angeles who has worked with many singers, actors and public speakers.
He was initially interested in a career in opera, but developed a passion for working with pop musicians after coaching The Beach Boys, Chicago, and The 5th Dimension.
Love has also developed a method for increasing clarity and confidence when speaking, and has coached executives and personalities including Tony Robbins and Tyra Banks.
Love analyzes his clients’ voices by asking them to sing a musical scale that includes very low and very high notes.
Love is married to Miyoko Love and has two children Madison Emiko Love, an Japanse-American songwriter and vocalist, and Colin Makoto Love.
Mine Lick Creek suffered significant pollution for nearly three decades, causing a Water Contact Advisory to be issued by TDEC for 0.5 miles of the creek in Baxter.
This lasted from 1986 to 2015, and the water quality improving to safe levels was a moment of celebration among Baxter residents.
The creek dries up by the time it runs into Center Hill Lake, but it's big enough that the valley it created contains a significant embayment of the lake.
The London Studio Centre, in North Finchley, London, is a British dance and theatre school providing courses in classical ballet, contemporary dance, and musical theatre.
The London Studio Centre was founded in 1978 by Bridget Espinosa, artistic director of the Bush Davies Ballet School and previously of the Elmhurst Ballet School.
From 1995, Bachelor of Arts degrees were awarded to students by Middlesex University, and then in 2004 this was replaced by an affiliation for the same purpose with the University of the Arts London, but with effect from 2013 the Middlesex University partnership was reinstated.
The school was based at 42-50 York Way, Kings Cross, London, from 1986 to 2012, when it moved to occupy rooms and share other facilities in the Artsdepot building in North Finchley, its present home.
The London Studio Centre’s facilities at Artsdepot include a lecture room, ten dance studios, a library, and other rooms for singing and drama.
The website is operated by Tencent (Thailand) Co., Ltd., previously known as Mweb (Thailand) from 1998 to 2007, and Sanook Online until 2016, when it was renamed to reflect its acquisition by China-based parent Tencent.
Back then, the Thai world wide web was still in its infancy, and Sanook, which started as a web directory, developed into the country's first major web portal and quickly became one of its top visited sites.
Poramate experimented and added features according to social trends; one example was its collection of suggestions for cute and funny pager messages.
In May 1999, Sanook was acquired by South Africa–based Naspers—which was creating a portfolio of global web properties as was the trend during the dot-com boom—through its subsidiary MIH, for an undisclosed sum, speculated to be in the range of multiple tens of millions of baht.
Mweb also launched another web portal, Mweb.co.th, with the aim of developing it as an international brand serving the region—at the expense of Sanook, a move contested by Poramate.
Shortly after, however, the bursting of the dot-com bubble forced MIH to scale down its operations, leaving Mweb (Thailand) in the hand of Thai executives.
Poramate left after the term of his contract ended, and later went on to establish Kapook.com, which would become one of Sanook's main competitors.
In 2006, MIH offloaded its holdings in the cable television operator UBC and the internet service provider KSC to True Corporation, leaving the web properties as Mweb's only remaining operations in Thailand.
By then, Mweb.co.th had failed to establish itself and was discontinued, in favour of consolidating the company's web properties under the Sanook.com domain.
In October 2010, China-based internet giant Tencent (which is also partly owned by Sanook's parent Naspers) acquired a 49.92 percent stake in Sanook Online for 81.7 million Hong Kong dollars (US$10.52M).
Thai analysts noted that this was a low figure for the country's most popular website, probably due partly to its amount of accumulated deficit, at 1,325 million baht (US$41M).
Sanook.com has been ranked by web traffic analyzer Truehits as the top visited Thai website for every consecutive year since 2003 (when rankings were first announced), except in 2013 when it was overtaken by Kapook.com.
Ynnakh Mountain, also known as Arga Ynnakh Khaya (), Gora Ulakhan Ynnakh () and as Mother Mountain (), is a mountain in Verkhoyansky District, Yakutia, Russian Federation.
Ynnakh Mountain is a granite massif located north of the Yana Plateau between the Yana River and the Adycha, a right hand tributary of the Yana.
The mountain rises at the western limit of the Chersky Range, near the eastern foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range , a few miles to the southeast of Ese-Khayya.
Archdeacon of Limerick from 1740 to 1751; and Prebendary of St. Munchin's in Limerick Cathedral from 1754 until his death in 1762.
Jakkalskuil is a village in the Mogalakwena Local Municipality of the Waterberg District Municipality of the Limpopo province in South Africa.
Polly Renton, born Penelope Sally Rosita Renton (4 March 1970 – 28 May 2010), was an award-winning British documentary film maker and proponent of ethical journalism, who played an important part in transforming political television in East Africa and trained a generation of African television journalists through her Nairobi based NGO, MEDEVA (Media Development in Africa).
Penelope (‘Polly’) Sally Rosita Renton was born in Brighton on 4 March 1970, the youngest of the five children of Tim Renton (later Baron Renton of Mount Harry), a Conservative MP and Chief Whip to Margaret Thatcher, and his wife Alice (née Fergusson), a novelist and historian.
After university she spent time in Guatemala helping to rescue children from prostitution before threats to her life forced her to leave the country.
Renton moved to Kenya after holidaying there in 2000 and is credited with playing a major role in the transformation of the country’s television.
Disillusioned by the poor quality of television journalism available and the restrictions on it, Renton obtained funding from the Ford Foundation to set up a non-governmental organisation, Media Development in Africa (MEDEVA), in Nairobi.
On one occasion an unrelated power cut led to student demonstrations in the streets in the belief that the government had taken the programme off air.
In 2009 she produced a series of films for the Department for International Development with her brother, journalist Alex Renton, dealing with issues affecting East Africa.
At the time of her death in 2010 she was slated to work with the BBC's Comic Relief on a series of films about poverty in the slums of Kibera.
The couple had a daughter, Rosita, and a son, Tristan, and settled at Ulu, where they helped set up a conservation area, a ranger service and a health clinic.
On 28 May 2010 she and her four-year-old daughter, Rosita (‘Sita’) Fenwick-Wilson, were killed in a road accident as she drove to interview nurses at a remote medical clinic in Kenya.
The Rosita Trust was set up in 2011 in memory of Renton and her daughter, Rosita, principally to carry on the running of MEDEVA, which continued to train journalists in Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda as well as Kenya for several years.
He was a Prebendary of Tullabracky in Limerick Cathedral from 1727 to 1733; and Archdeacon of Limerick from 1733 until his resignation in 1740.
Kalle (Karl) Johansson, better known as Eno Kalle or Eno-Kalle Runolinna (1884 – 1941) was a Finnish poet who lived mainly in the village of Lepsämä in Nurmijärvi, Finland.
A total of 14 ballads were born, covering topics such as love, war, liquor and prohibition, travel and the shipwreck of the SS Kuru in 1929.
The Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) was formed following the Kargil intrusion and the subsequent overhaul of the Indian national security apparatus suggested by the Kargil Review Committee report and GoM report.
Now functioning 24/7 as the nodal body for sharing intelligence inputs, MAC coordinates with representatives from numerous agencies, different ministries, both central and state.
As noted in a 2016 parliamentary report the major contributors of intelligence inputs to the MAC were the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW).
In 2012, B Raman noted that the Indian model of the MAC had continued functioning depsite being modelled after the now abandoned US CTC.
The Seres SF5 was initially unveiled as a concept in 2018 alongside the SF7, however, this was revised to the production SF5 in early 2019.
It has a 17-inch screen on the center console, and is one of the first vehicles to ever utilize the Ali OS 2.0 infotainment system.
The 2WD model is powered by one motor and the AWD model is powered by two motors with the motor capable of producing a maximum of 116hp.The range extended versions is equipped with a SFG15TR 1.5 liter engine producing 112hp as the range extender with the combined fuel consumption of 1.1L/100km and 1.2L/100km for the 2WD and AWD models.
The 1990–91 B Group was the thirty-fifth season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.
Oorai Therinjikitten is a 1988 Indian Tamil comedy film, directed by Kalaipuli G. Sekaran and produced by C. Muthuramalingam and K. Prabhakaran.
Nicholas David Ionel and Leandro Riedi won the title, defeating Mikołaj Lorens and Kārlis Ozoliņš in the final, 6–7, 7–5, [10–4].
On 13 December 2019, the students of Jamia Millia Islamia University undertook a march to the Parliament protesting against the CAA.
They were prevented from going ahead by the police who used batons and tear gas to disperse the protesters leading to clashes with them.
Police denied the allegations claiming that after the protesters were prevented from taking their march forward they attacked the policemen with stones first.
On the morning of 15 December 2019, more than two thousand students of Jamia joined the protests against CAA in Delhi.
Jamia Millia Student Body and Jamia Millia Islamia Teacher's Association (JTA) condemned the violence that happened on the same day in Delhi and stated that no student or teacher was involved in the violence.
On 15 December, Delhi Police attacked students of Jamia Millia Islamia including Shaheen Abdullah, Chanda Yadav, Ladeeda Farzana and Aysha Renna at New Friends Colony.
At 6:46 pm on 15 December 2019, hundreds of police officers forcefully entered the campus of Jamia, without the permission of college authority.
The police also fired tear gas canisters inside the main library where students scrambled over desks and smashed windows to escape.
On 16 December 2019, two students of Jamia were admitted to the Safdarjung Hospital with bullet injuries received during the protests on 15 December.
One of the victims, M. Tamin stated that he was not participating in the protest and was passing through the area on a motorcycle, when police suddenly started caning the protesters and he was shot in the leg by police from point blank range.
On 12 January, vice-chancellor Najma Akhtar said that she would approach the court to file an FIR against the Delhi Police.
Some celebrity alumni of Jamia, including Shah Rukh Khan, Virender Sehwag, and Kabir Khan were criticized for the failure to condemn the crackdown on their alma mater.
Protests were held in solidarity with Jamia students in several major universities across the subcontinent, including IIM Ahmedabad, Banaras Hindu University, Dhaka University, and IIT Bombay.
Over 400 scholars from US universities including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Stanford, and Tufts issued a joint statement expressing solidarity with Jamia students.
Rob Miller, also known by the stage name the Baron Rockin Von Aphid or simply the Baron or Aphid, is an English musician, swordsmith and former Air Training Corps sergeant and journalist.
Beginning his musical career in 1978, he is primarily known as the lead vocalist and bass player of pioneering crust punk band Amebix.
When Miller was involuntarily discharged from the airforce in 1978, due to being intoxicated while on duty when stationed in the Netherlands.
In 1981, Miller and Amebix relocated to Peter Tavy and began living with new drummer Martin Baker in Glebe House, the former site of a Saxon burial ground.
After Baker's departure from the band, the band moved to Gunnislake in Cornwall to live with newly recruited keyboard player Norman Butler.
They released their debut EP Who's the Enemy on 28 August 1982 through Spiderleg Records, whom they had been turned onto in the brief period they were living with Crass.
Independent Music Chart, and gained them the attention of Dead Kennedys vocalist Jello Biafra, who signed them to his record label Alternative Tentacles.
Soon after, he was involved in a motorcycle accident which led to him breaking his arm and destroying the only clothes he owned.
The rest of the band soon distanced themselves from his views on the topic, which led to him continuing the band without any of the then-members.
Politically, he is an anarchist, however doesn't believe that any one personal has the right to impose their politics onto another.
Ivan Berlyn (1867 – 11 December 1934) was an English actor of stage and silent film whose career spanned four decades.
He further claimed he had originally planned to join the legal profession but instead decided on a career on the stage, training at the London School of Elocution (the South London School of Elocution and Dramatic Art) established by Samuel Brandram.
Also as Ivan Berlin he is listed in the 1891 Census as residing at 17 All Saints Road, Kensington with his parents and his sisters, Emily and Jenny Berlin and his brother, Joachim Norman Berlin (1875-1943), described as the ‘Manager of the Chelsea Palace’.
In the 1911 Census Ivan Berlyn is listed as living at 3 King William Street in London; also listed is his boarder, Australian actor-manager Henry Louis Winthrop Armstrong (1881-1915).
In about 1915 he became the third husband of Hiene Riva Grinblat (Khana Rebecca Greenblatt, 1870–1949) and with her had two step-children: Abraham (Albert) Berlyn (Abrahams) (1903–1992) and Katie Berlyn (Abrahams) (1904–1934).
Hendrickx won an individual bronze medal at the XII Golden Arrow event and a team bronze at the 1999 European Grand Prix.
At the 2000 Summer Olympic Games he scored 640 points in the ranking round of the Men's individual event which made him the tenth seed.
Hendrickx defeated Jubzhang Jubzhang of Bhutan 162-156 in the first round before losing 154-151 to Vadim Shikarev of Kazakhstan in the second round.
Jamtara - Sabka Number Ayega is an Indian crime drama web television series directed by Soumendra Padhi and written by Trishant Srivastava and Nishank Verma.
In 2015, Padhi read an article about the phishing operations in the Jamtara district about school kids duping people and got hooked with it.
In addition to the and the , the ancient Cantabrian people and the rest of the people who reached the northern coast by boat knew another way of communicating with the fertile Castilian Plateau.
This route starts at the seaport of San Vicente de la Barquera and crosses the Piedrasluengas pass, entering the Valdavia valley parallel to its Valdavia River until it joins the Besaya route at the alto de la Esperina near Carrión de los Condes.
This is due to the fact that the aforementioned valley is the shortest and most accessible route from Carrión to the sea through the Piedrasluengas pass, which has allowed the movement of people and goods from Castile to the Cantabrian Sea since secular times.
Thus, in a 1230 landing of the Monastery of San Zoilo in Carrión de los Condes about their possessions in Villasarracino, the race to Villaeles is already being talked about.
Among these he details the one that goes from Toledo to San Vicente de la Barquera, of 80 leagues, where we see that after passing through lands abulenses and vallisoletanas, it arrives to Palencia, It continues through Becerril de Campos and Torre de los Molinos to Carrión and from there it goes to Bahillo, Villabasta, Polvorosa, La Puebla and Cervera, and from here it reached San Vicente through Tudanca.
In 1746, this royal road is represented in detail as it passes through the town of Bárcena de Campos as a result of a lawsuit between the Council of Castrillo de Villavega and the Council of Bárcena over the jurisdiction of the territory in which the chapel of Nuestra Señora de Esperina was located.
Here we can see how the Camino Real de la Valdavia passes at the foot of the aforementioned chapel, projecting towards two uninhabited areas of the current Villanuño de Valdavia called Villán de Suso and Villán de Yuso.
Still in the map of the Army of 1929, there was the reference of the Camino Real de la Valdavia leaving from Villasarracino towards North.
Even today at the exit of Villaeles, towards Congosto, there is a road called Camino Real, which becomes Calle Real as it passes through both La Puebla and Congosto.
However, if we talk about the Jacobean route that makes use of it and links San Vicente de la Barquera with Carrión, we can trace the following route.
From north to south the route would start from the seaport of San Vicente in the direction of either Potes by the Hermida Gorge, which is known as the Liébana route, or by the route of the old Roman road, known as Via II2, which going up by the Nansa would reach Tudanca.
Both routes would converge in the ascent on its north side to the Piedraslenguas pass, from where it would go into La Pernía Palencia, passing through San Cebrián de Mudá and arriving at Cervera de Pisuerga.
At this point it would go along the left bank of the river Valdavia for what is still known as the royal road (to the point that the main streets of Congosto and La Puebla receive the significant name of Calle Real).
This route takes advantage of the route of the old Via III which went up the left bank of the Valdavia and which linked Clunia, Castrojeriz, Potes, reaching the sea.
Arriving at Buenavista, it would continue through Polvorosa de Valdavia where the Church of Santiago is located, Renedo de Valdavia, Arenillas de San Pelayo with its magnificent Monastery Premostratense and Villaeles with its church of San Martín de Tours, a French saint of marked Jacobean tradition.
In Villaeles he would cross the river to Villabasta where the Chapel of the Virgin of the Way was located, now disappeared, but whose image is still venerated in its parish to continue towards Villamelendro.
There it would join the route of the Besaya, which would explain the said foundation being a strategic communications knot, in the direction of Itero Seco, Bahillo and finally Carrión de los Condes where it would connect in turn with the French route.
Like the two other routes mentioned, this route offers a remarkable variety of landscapes and culture as it is the link between the ports of the Cantabrian Sea and the Castilian Plateau.
This route is the shortest way for those pilgrims who will pass to worship the Lignum Crucis to continue towards Santiago de Compostela by the French Way.
Dr James Sunter Muecke is an ophthalmologist working in Adelaide, South Australia, and 2020 Australian of the Year, having been South Australian of the Year.
On being appointed the 2020 Australian of the Year, Muecke immediately advocated for a tax on sugary drinks in the fight against Type 2 diabetes.
Bangladesh Geographical Society awards the Nafis Ahmad award, named after Nafis Ahmad, to geography students in universities in Bangladesh for outstanding academic achievements.
He was educated at New College, Oxford, matriculating in 1606; entered Lincoln's Inn in 1609; and accompanied ambassador Sir Stephen Lesieur to Florence in 1609.
Bilson was knighted on 25 October 1613, soon after his father Bishop Bilson had been appointed an additional judge on the commission on the annulment of the marriage of the Countess of Essex to marry the royal favourite Robert Carr.
Bilson served as a JP in Hampshire 1614–1621, Commissioner of Sewers for Winchester in 1617, Commissioner of Subsidy for Hampshire 1621–22 and 1624, and Commissioner of Assessment for Hampshire in 1641.
Usilampatti railway station was inaugurated together with the Madurai–Bodinayakkanur 90 km branch line in as metre gauge railway by the Madras Provincial revenue member Norman Marjoribanks.
As part of the Project Unigauge, Madurai–Bodinayakkanur line was sanctioned for gauge conversion, from metre gauge () to broad gauge ().
It was closed on 1 of January 2011, expecting to reopen it by 2012, but due to lack of funds, the project advanced at very slow pace.
Finally, on 23 of January 2020, the first stretch between and Usilampatti (37 km) was inaugurated, after passing the inspection of the Commission of Railway Safety.
According to the Madurai Member of the Parliament, S. Venkatesan, the train will run to Usilampatti by the end of February 2020, and by April, up to the terminus at , when is expected to complete the gauge conversion works on the branch line.
Its origins are older but the present building was constructed for Robert William Newman, an Exeter merchant, in 1827-1833 by Anthony Salvin.
It was subsequently owned by the Carew and Balle families, and then the Earls of Lisburne until it was bought by Robert Newman in 1823.
Newman was the senior partner in Newman & Co., a trading company based in Exeter that had established a small shipping fleet to support its trade with Portugal and Newfoundland.
The original mansion house of the Balle's had been demolished in the late 18th century and shortly after purchasing the estate, Newman commissioned Charles Fowler to design a new house.
Fowler's Italianate plans did not find favour and Fowler had got not further than constructing the footings before he was replaced by Anthony Salvin.
His designs for the house were in the Tudor Revival style, then a relatively new architectural approach, and incorporated the initials of Newman and his new wife, together with the Newman family motto in the decorative skyline above the main entrance.
The Newman family retained ownership of the estate until the 1950s when Sir Ralph Newman, Robert Newman's great-grandson, sold it to an evangelical society.
It subsequently housed a school, Dawlish College, in the 1980s, and was the regional headquarters of the Forestry Commission in the 1990s.
In the early 21st century the house, again privately owned, operated as an events and wedding venue, hosting the marriage of Peter Andre in 2015.
As of 2020 the house, with an estate of approximately 150 acres, is for sale, at a guide price of £10,000,000.
This gallery housed a collection of statues depicting English monarchs and worthies of the Tudor era, an unusual feature for the decoration of an English country house.
Pevsner suggests they were influenced by the decorative schemes for the Houses of Parliament being planned at the same time, of which Sir Robert would have been aware, having been elected M.P.
The triple oriel window on the (east) garden front was copied from one on the entrance front of the genuinely-Tudor Hengrave Hall in Suffolk.
Simon Jenkins notes that the staircase in the gallery is recorded as being based on the external stair designed by James Wyatt for Canterbury Quadrangle at Christ Church, Oxford.
The interior of the house contains stained glass by Thomas Willement and was decorated with an exceptionally high standard of craftsmanship.
The mock castle to the north of the house, containing the stable block, the brewery and the laundry, is listed Grade II*.
Pevsner suggests that the castle is modelled on Belsay Castle in Northumberland, a building Salvin knew, having grown up in the North East.
The writer Christopher Hussey suggests that the orangery was modelled on the water house at Chatsworth and may originally have had a similar cascade.
Ásdís Egilsdóttir (born 1946) is a former Professor in the Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies at the University of Iceland.
Ásdís completed a BA degree in Icelandic, Library Science and French at the University of Iceland in 1970 and a Cand.
She worked at the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies during the period 1970–1989 and was furthermore a part-time lecturer at the University of Iceland until she was appointed Assistant Professor in Medieval Icelandic Literature in 1991.
She was promoted to the position of Professor in 2009 and retired due to age at the end of October 2016.
Ásdís’s research spans a wide field within Icelandic medieval literature, but the main emphases in her research are Nordic hagiography, translations and vernacular texts, masculinity and gender, writing and reading and literacy in the middle ages and memory studies.
Among her main works is Biskupa sögur II (e. Stories of Bishops II), which is a detailed edition of Hungurvaka, Þorláks saga as well as books of miracles and Páls saga, with a thorough introduction and notes.
Along with Dagný Kristjánsdóttir, Professor of Icelandic Literature, and Bryndís Benediktsdóttir, Professor of Communication Studies in the Faculty of Medicine, Ásdís took the initiative in starting teaching Literature within the Faculty of Medicine.
Later, Bergljót Soffía Kristjánsdóttir, Professor of Icelandic Literature, and Guðrún Steinþórsdóttir, Doctoral student, joined the group and this teaching and research field has been considerably strengthened.
She was an alternate member of the Icelandic Naming Committee 1993–1997, Chair of the Department of Icelandic 1995–1998 and served on the board of the Institute of Literary Studies 1994–1996 and on the board of the Institute of Research in Literature and Visual Arts 2014–2016.
She was on the board of the Research Institute of Women’s and Gender Studies 2006–2009 and was a representative of the Faculty of Humanities at the University Assembly 2005–2008.
She was also on the board of the Association of University Teachers 2005–2007 and an alternate member of the Association of University Teachers in the University Council 2006–2008.
Ásdís was active in Nordplus, Erasmus and Socrates collaboration and has been a visiting teacher at ten universities in seven countries: the Faroe Islands, Norway, England, Germany, Italy, Poland and the Czech Republic.
Mohiuddin Ahmed was elected a member of parliament in 1973 from Bakerganj-10 (Extinct), 1979 from Bakerganj-17 (Extinct) and 1991 from Pirojpur-3.
Raphael Walsh was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 18th Century and the first decade of the 19th.
He was Dean of Dromore from 1790 until his death in 1808; and Archdeacon of Limerick from 1790 until his resignation in 1803.
Smithers was an abolitionist and expressed these sentiments in his account of Liverpool, providing statistics on the increase in the slave trade during the eighteenth century.
Margaret Lamwaka Odwar (née Margaret Lamwaka), also Margaret Odwar, (born 23 December 1969), is a Ugandan politician who serves as the incumbent Member of Parliament representing the Kitgum District Women's Constituency in the 10th Ugandan Parliament (2016 to 2021).
She went on to obtain a Grade III Teachers Certificate, from Alero Primary Teachers College and a Diploma in Primary Education, from National Teachers College, Unyama.
In 2006, she was awarded a Bachelor of Education degree, followed three years later by a Master of Education Planning and Administration degree, both from Uganda Christian University, in Mukono.
Se started out as a Grade III Teacher at Gulu Public Primary School, in 1989, rising to Grade I Head Teacher at Pandwong Primary School, in 2015.
In 2016, Margaret Lamwaka contested for the Kitgum District Woman Member of Parliament, on the ruling National Resistance Movement political party ticket.
In the 10th parliament, she is a member of two parliamentary committees; (a) the Committee on rules, privileges and discipline and (b) the Committee on education and sports.
He was dismissed by the Nazis in 1933, lived at risk in Stalingrad, Berlin, Prague and finally Ostend, where he took his life together with his wife.
In Ostend in May 1940, at age 61, he took his own life together with his wife Gertrud Deutsch (daughter of Felix Deutsch) for fear of falling into the hands of the German occupying forces in Belgium.
Supawat Yokakul (; born 10 February 2000) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Thai League 1 club Samut Prakan City.
It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and, after becoming the Malton, Norton & District Hospital, it was the subject of a major reconfiguration in 2010.
In 1835, it was sold, and an Episcopal Chapel was established, the church was officially consecrated in 1843 by the Church of Ireland.
In 1840 the trustees put the chapel under the visitation and clergy officiate under licence from the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin.
Hagelauer featured in the main draws of the Australian Open and French Open during his career, as well as in Wimbledon qualifiers.
His best performance came at the 1976 Australian Open, where he upset sixth seed Geoff Masters, en route to the third round.
As a coach he spent many years heading the France Davis Cup team and formed a successful association with Yannick Noah.
Under the coaching of Hagelauer, Noah became the first Frenchman in 37 years to win at Roland Garros when he claimed the 1983 French Open title.
Hagelauer's tenure as Davis Cup coach included the drought breaking tournament win in 1991, which was the country's first triumph since 1932.
Lee Howard (born 6 February 1967) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Jacques (Sjaak) Neefjes (born 8 December 1959), is a Dutch scientist who made breakthroughs in several research disciplines such as immunology, cell biology, chemistry, cancer biology, microbiology, and epidemiology.
Then, he performed his Ph.D. studies at the Division of Cellular Biochemistry, in the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ploegh in Amsterdam.
First, from 1991 to 1992, he visited the laboratory of Drs Benoit and Mathis at the Institut de Chimie Biologique, Strasbourg (France).
Then, he obtained a 2-year fellowship from the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) to visit the laboratory of Prof. Dr. Hämmerling at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), in Heidelberg (Germany) from 1992 to 1993.
By combining chemistry, cell biology and biochemistry with genetic screens, Neefjes identified inhibitors to disturb bacterial survival strategies, representing one of the first antibiotics acting by targeting the host, rather than the pathogen.
Kuijl C, Savage ND, Marsman M, Tuin AW, Janssen L, Egan DA, Ketema M, Van Den Nieuwendijk R, Van Den Eeden SJ, Geluk A, Poot A, Van Der Marel G, Beijersbergen RL, Overkleeft H, Ottenhoff TH, and Neefjes JJ.
Jongsma ML, Berlin I, Wijdeven RH, Janssen L, Janssen GM, Garstka MA, Janssen H, Mensink M, van Veelen PA, Spaapen RM, and Neefjes JJ.
Colin Malcolm Jones (born 30 October 1963) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Passenger Act of 1882 is an United States federal statute establishing occupancy control regulations for seafaring passenger ships completing Atlantic and Pacific transoceanic crossings to America during the late 19th century and early 20th century.
The public law authorized the numerical serialization of berths which were subject to compartment occupancy inspections of emigrants and ocean liner passengers.
The Immigration Act of 1882 was simultaneously presented during the 47th United States congressional session which was enacted into law on August 3, 1882.
6722 bill was passed by the 47th congressional session and enacted into law by the 21st President of the United States Chester Arthur on August 2, 1882.
The United States federal law was penned as fourteen sections with an emphasis concerning passenger quarters' allocations, hygiene requirements, furnished sick bay, public health awareness by imposed social distancing, and personal verification of emigrants and seafaring passengers occupancy during an oceanic voyage to an American port.
The 41st Curtis Cup Match will be played from 12 to 14 June 2020 at Conwy Golf Club near Conwy, Wales.
The contest is a three-day competition, with three foursomes and three fourball matches on each of the first two days, and eight singles matches on the final day, a total of 20 points.
Eight players for the Great Britain & Ireland and USA participate in the event plus one non-playing captain for each team.
Two members of the Great Britain & Ireland team will be selected automatically, the top two in the World Amateur Golf Ranking (WAGR) as of 11 May 2020.
It is part of a line between the sea port city of Puerto Cabello, Carabobo State, and the crossroads town of La Encrucijada, Aragua State.
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Female Playback Singer is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films, to recognize the best female singer of the previous year.
It is an official journal of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication's Visual Communication Division and was established in 1994.
Tolo Tolo is a 2020 Italian comedy film directed by Luca Medici, real name of Checco Zalone, in his feature debut film.
Here he adapts to being a waiter in a resort in Kenya, but at the outbreak of a civil war he decides to embark on a stowaway trip on a boat for migrants to Europe and chooses to do it with his African friends.
However, he would not like to return to Italy, but rather to go to Liechtenstein where banking secrecy is in force and there is a lower tax burden than in Italy.
The village is on the border with France and on a 96 km long railway line, with a railway station that used to serve as a border station.
The village is intersected by the Chaussée Brunehaut, an important roadway between Cologne and Bavay that dates back to Roman times.
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2020 Auditions will be in the major cities of India like Guwahati, Kochi, Bhubaneshwar, Goa, Lucknow, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Chandigarh, Indore, Jaipur, Delhi, Nagpur, Mumbai.
Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan and Kumar Sanu have been announced as the judges for Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2020.
While Parker was performing at The Alley nightclub, she received a call from Ike Turner to set up an audition for a position as an Ikette.
She auditioned for him when Ike & Tina Turner were in Independence, Kansas for a concert in 1967, and was hired on the spot.
The band moved to Manticore Records in 1975 and were working on a fourth album when issues with the label caused them to abandon the project.
She was the aunt of the author Karen Blixen, and is remembered for encouraging her niece to publish her first short stories.
Born on 13 August 1857 in Mattrup, to the west of Horsens, Mary Bess Westenholz was the daughter of the estate owner and politician Regner Westenholz (1815–1866) and Mary Lucinde Hansen (1832–1915).
Steven Barrera (born August 17, 1993) is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for California United Strikers in the NISA.
You will fight singing along to the classics Winter Wonderland, It's Beginning To Look A Lot Like Christmas, Frosty The Snowman and (the one track I was rather sceptical about) Santa Baby – I had no reason to be, it was just sublime.
With her mixed double partner, William G. Ireland, she was also defeated in the first round of the mixed doubles competition.
In 1928 she won the all-comers ladies’ singles title at the Fitzwilliam Club in Dublin and the all-comers ladies’ doubles event with Rosie Fleming.
Blair-White continued her interest in tennis for the rest of her life, even playing the game in her seventies with her grandchildren.
Kifi Cabrera (born October 7, 1995) is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for California United Strikers in the NISA.
The number of members elected from general constituencies was increased from 44 to 69; the ten reserved constituencies (for non-indigenous candidates) were replaced by 15 regional constituencies in which candidates had to have at least at Intermediate Certificate of education, and the number of 'official' members (civil servants) remained at ten.
An additional residency requirement for non-indigenous candidates was introduced; candidates had to have lived in the territory for at least five years before nomination day.
Six political parties were involved; the All People's Party, the National Progress Party, the New Guinea Agriculture Reform Party, the Pangu Party, the Territory Country Party and the United Democratic Party.
Four constituencies had only one candidate, who were returned unopposed (Tei Abal in Wabag, Wesani Iwoksim in Upper Sepik, Paul Langro in West Sepik Regional and Ron Neville in Southern Highlands Regional).
Although party affiliations were unclear, the Pangu Party was thought to have the most seats (between 12 and 20), with the All People's Party finishing second.
Barug Alang sa Kauswagan ug Demokrasya, commonly known as BAKUD, is a local political party based in Cebu's 5th congressional district, Philippines.
Alphons Louis Eugene Timmerman (1904 – 7 July 1942) (assigned the codename Scruffy by the British) was a Belgian ship's steward who became a spy for the German intelligence agency, the Abwehr, during the Second World War.
MI5 officers posed as Timmerman in correspondence with the Abwehr in an attempt to deceive them as to the competence of the British security services.
This attempt was unsuccessful as German intelligence officers failed to spot deliberate mistakes in the letters, but did help to disprove the Abwehr's previously good reputation for intelligence work.
He became a ship's steward and in that role visited many British ports in the inter-war years and developed a good knowledge of the English language.
He made his way to Scotland, arriving at Rothesay Dock in Glasgow on 1 September 1941 where he claimed asylum as a refugee.
The British security services had been warned via an Ultra decryption of a coded German message that a Belgian seaman was en route to the UK as a spy to make detailed reports on allied shipping.
He was also found to be carrying a recipe for the manufacture of invisible ink and an envelope containing crystals which, upon being added to water, would make the substance.
MI5 took advantage of Timmerman's arrest to attempt to deceive the German intelligence service Abwehr as to the abilities of MI5.
The messages contained deliberate errors which MI5 hoped would be easily detected by the Abwehr and project an image of MI5 as an amateur and incompetent organisation.
The British deduced from this that the Abwehr did not deserve its reputation as a sophisticated and ruthless service and ended the communications.
MI5 had no further use for Timmerman and to prove to the Abwehr that he had never been at liberty to communicate with them he was sent for trial at the Old Bailey.
He was found guilty of treason (Belgium being a British ally) and executed at Wandsworth Prison on 7 July 1942 by hanging.
The execution was carried out the same day as that of José Estelle Key, a British citizen and Gibraltar resident convicted of spying for Germany and the pair were two of 16 spies executed by Britain during the war.
The executions of Key and Timmerman were carried out by Albert Pierrepoint, assisted by Harry Kirk, Henry William Critchell and Stephen Wade.
Timmerman, a slight man, required a drop of , longer than usual, to ensure his neck was broken by the fall.
Omar Nuño (born 27 June 1994) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a forward for California United Strikers in the NISA.
He served briefly in the last session of the pre-Union Irish Parliament as member for Philipstown, and was made a judge of the Common Pleas in 1801, shortly after the Union took effect.
He had a town house in Dublin and a house at Milltown in south County Dublin; he also had a country estate at the Derries in County Laois.
He was a member of the popular drinking club, The Monks of the Screw (or Order of Saint Patrick), founded by John Philpot Curran.
These attacked the Irish executive with great venom, and were extremely well-informed about the Irish judiciary, suggesting that the author was himself a judge.
However in a personal interview with William Downes, 1st Baron Downes, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Fox was able to convince Downes of his innocence.
Further inquiries revealed Johnson to be the author; he may have fallen under suspicion because many years earlier he had published a similar attack on a long-serving High Court judge, Christopher Robinson, under another pseudonym.
He pleaded for leniency, but the authorities took a severe view of the matter, and a warrant was issued for his arrest to stand trial in England for seditious libel.
Downes, a very stern man, told Johnson that his attempt to evade justice was as serious a matter as the libel itself.
In 1893, at the age of 18, he immigrated to Minnesota, and a few years later he moved to the area that would become Troy, where several friends from Sweden had settled.
He was the first from his immediate family to immigrate; but within a few years, his brothers Axel and John joined him in the growing community.
Ole Olson (sometimes spelled as Olsson) decided to change his surname out of frustration with mail deliveries and other complications resulting from so many Olsons living in the area.
The 2020 Cincinnati Bearcats football team will represent the University of Cincinnati in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The American Athletic Conference eliminated divisions for the 2020 and 2021 seasons, so the Bearcats 2020 schedule will include eight conference games – four home games and four road games.
When the two men had been banned from seeing each other by Curio's father, Curio had smuggled Mark Anthony in through his father's roof.
Cicero refused to believe in the existence of the plot and dismissed the whole episode as an attempt by Caesar to cast suspicion on young Curio and several other senatores.
Curio built Rome's first permanent amphitheatre, in his father's memory and celebrated funeral games there with seating built on a pivot that could move the entire audience.
He began in politics as a supporter of Clodius, but shortly after came out as a Conservative in fierce opposition to Caesar.
Known universally as unpredictable, by standing for the Tribuneship in 51 he placed himself (as Cicero told him) in a pivotal position at the Republic's crisis point, when at the end of 51 BC Curio got himself elected as a tribune of the Plebs for 50 BC.
On 1 January of 49 BC Mark Antony entered office as one of the tribunes of the Plebs, he took over from Curio, he summoned a meeting of the Senate and read out Caesar's letter.
On the tenth of January the Civil War between Caesar and his opponents started when Caesar crossed the Rubicon and invaded Italy proper.
The cities and communities of northern Italy quickly fell or surrendered to Caesar and he ordered the recruitment of additional soldiers.
Caesar made Curio a praetor and sent him with four legions and a 1,000 Gallic cavalry to Sicily and Africa to take possession of both provinces and secure the grain supply.
After receiving word that Caesar had defeated the Pompeians in Spain he embarked with two of his legions and half the cavalry and sailed to Africa.
Although he won the Battle of Utica (49 BC), he was eventually defeated by Juba at the Second Battle of the Bagradas River and fought to his death, along with his army, rather than attempting to flee to his camp.
After Osthoff had taken part in the First World War from 1915 to 1918, he studied musicology, history of art and philosophy from 1919, first at Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster and from 1920 at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
After further musical training in composition with Wilhelm Klatte, piano with James Kwast and conducting with Gustav Brecher, which he completed both privately and at the Berlin Stern Conservatory, he was initially répétiteur at the Leipzig Opera from 1923 to 1926 under General Music Director Gustav Brecher.
In 1926 Osthoff was appointed assistant to Arnold Schering at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and followed him in 1928 as his senior assistant at the Department of Music History of the Berlin University.
At the end of 1937 he was appointed to the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, first as a substitute, from 1938 as a civil servant extraordinary professor, director of the musicological institute and university music director.
He was also a member of the National Socialist People's Welfare Organization, the Reichsluftschutzbund and the National Socialist German Lecturers League and was deputy head of the foreign office of the Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund.
Osthoff had close contacts with Herbert Gerigk, the head of the main music department at the Beauftragter des Führers für die Überwachung der gesamten geistigen und weltanschaulichen Schulung und Erziehung der NSDAP, Alfred Rosenberg.
As late as mid-1939, Gerigk envisaged him, along with Friedrich Blume, Wolfgang Boetticher, Werner Danckert, Rudolf Gerber, Erich Schenk, Erich Schumann and Rudolf Sonner, as co-author of an extensive music encyclopaedia as part of the planned Advanced School of the NSDAP.
However, this project broke down with the beginning of World War II, in which Osthoff participated in the Battle of France as a lieutenant (reserve officer) of the Wehrmacht until 1940.
After the occupation of Belgium, Osthoff was stationed in Brussels and received a letter from Gerigk on 13 July 1940 in which he inquired about the state of the Brussels music collections and whether the manuscript departments had remained intact.
In the winter semester of 1940/41 Osthoff resumed his teaching activities at Frankfurt University, but remained a staff member in the main music department of the Fuehrer's commissioner for the supervision of the entire intellectual and ideological training and education of the NSDAP.
After the end of the war and the conclusion of the denazification proceedings, Osthoff was able to resume teaching at the musicological seminar in Frankfurt am Main in 1948.
Osthoff's research on Franco-Flemish music of the 15th and 16th centuries resulted in numerous individual studies and the two-volume monograph on Josquin des Prez, which according to his biographer Wolfgang Osthoff is still considered a standard work and is only outdated in details.
The ship was the first to be constructed for Morocco by Chantiers de l'Atlantique at Saint-Nazaire, France from 1999 to 2001.
The s were designed in response to a demand for a cheap warship capable of operating in low threat areas and able to perform general patrol functions.
The frigate is powered by a combined diesel and diesel (CODAD) system comprising four SEMT Pielstick 6 PA6 L280 BPC diesel engines driving two shafts each turning a LIPS controllable pitch propeller.
Both diesel fuel and TR5 aviation fuel is brought aboard at a single location at the stern compared to naval-constructed vessels which sport two.
The ship is equipped with two Decca Bridgemaster radars, one for use as navigational radar, the other for helicopter control, Thomsen-CSF ARBR 17 radar intercept electronic surveillance systems and two Dagaie decoy systems.
The vessel's keel was laid down in June 1999 and was built using modular construction methods which reduced the vessel's construction time.
In March 2019, the ship participated in the international joint naval exercise Obangame Express 2019 that took place in the maritime area between Ivory Coast and Nigeria.
Justus Annunen (born 11 March 2000) is a Finnish ice hockey goaltender currently playing for Oulun Kärpät of the Finnish Liiga.
The existence of this borough is attested, in various forms, in very old documents (11th century), demonstrating that smallness and longevity can go hand in hand.
A lost land, between Angre and Quiévrain, suspended between France and Belgium, forgotten in the extreme northwest of Les Honnelles, Marchipont was even, from its origins, the ideal hideout for smugglers.
It's a fact that the Honnelles region has a common border with France, several tens of kilometers long, and this border has until recently, been the battleground of customs officials and fraudsters.
On the opening day of the tournament, Shehan Jayasuriya scored a century for Chilaw Marians Cricket Club and Mohomed Dilshad took a five-wicket haul for Saracens Sports Club.
On the third day, Ashen Bandara scored a century for Saracens Sports Club and Asitha Fernando took six wickets for eight runs for Chilaw Marians Cricket Club.
Following the conclusion of the group stage, Badureliya Sports Club, Colombo Cricket Club, Nondescripts Cricket Club, Sri Lanka Army Sports Club, Chilaw Marians Cricket Club, Sinhalese Sports Club, Ragama Cricket Club and Colts Cricket Club had all qualified for the quarterfinals.
Chilaw Marians won the first semi-final, against Ragama, by 33 runs, and Colombo beat Nondescripts by 10 runs in the second semi-final.
Colombo Cricket Club won the tournament, after they beat Chilaw Marians Cricket Club by four wickets in the final, with the winning runs coming from the final ball of the match.
The village has 212 inhabitants and lies in the east of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 410 m.
Each season, two teams of chefs compete for a job as head chef at a restaurant, while working in the kitchen of a restaurant set up in the television studio.
A progressive elimination format reduces a field of 12 to 20 to a single winner over the course of each season.
On 30 November 2019, during the shooting of Nova TV, he became sick and was admitted to the hospital the same night where he was diagnosed with lung cancer.
The Office of the National Water Resources (Abrv: ONWR; , ) is Thailand's command centre for management of the nation's water resources.
On 25 October 2017, NCPO leader Prayut Chan-o-cha used the extraordinary powers granted him by Section 44 of the interim constitution to issue Order Number 46/2017 to establish the Office of the National Water Resources under the Office of the Prime Minister, reporting directly to the prime minister.
Initially, nearly 200 employees were seconded to the ONWR from the Royal Irrigation Department (RID), Agriculture Ministry, and the Department of Water Resources (DWR) from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in order to begin work immediately.
After the 2011 Thailand floods, the Yingluck administration made an effort to consolidate water management in the hands of one body.
Japanese consultant Tsuruyo Funatsu had found that seven ministries and 15 agencies had a hand in water management prior to the 2011 floods, all protecting their turf and often working at cross purposes.
ONWR's task is to get them all playing together as a team like the coordinated football team depicted in an ONWR-produced video that stars the ONWR Director-General as the coach of the newly transformed team.
The power plant was built by Chubu Electric to meet base load demand on reclaimed land on the west coast of Kinuura Bay approximately 40 kilometers south of the city of Nagoya.
In April 2019, all thermal power plant operations of Chubu Electric Power were transferred to JERA, a joint venture between Chubu Electric and TEPCO Fuel & Power, Inc, a subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company.
He is a multiple national champion on the track in the team sprint (five times), three times Omnium champion and twice a winner of the Keirin title.
He just missed out on a bronze medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games losing 2-1 to Barry Forde in the bronze medal play off.
The ship was the first to be constructed for Morocco by Chantiers de l'Atlantique at Saint-Nazaire, France from 1999 to 2002.
The s were designed in response to a demand for a cheap warship capable of operating in low threat areas and able to perform general patrol functions.
The frigate is powered by a combined diesel and diesel (CODAD) system comprising four SEMT Pielstick 6 PA6 L280 BPC diesel engines driving two shafts each turning a LIPS controllable pitch propeller.
Both diesel fuel and TR5 aviation fuel is brought aboard at a single location at the stern compared to naval-constructed vessels which sport two.
The ship is equipped with two Decca Bridgemaster radars, one for use as navigational radar, the other for helicopter control, Thomsen-CSF ARBR 17 radar intercept electronic surveillance systems and two Dagaie decoy systems.
The vessel's keel was laid down in December 1999 and was built using modular construction methods which reduced the ship's construction time.
In 2018, the ship took part in the international joint naval exercise Neptune Trident, operating alongside the Royal Canadian Navy in the Gulf of Guinea.
Trenitalia Tper (TTX) is a company operating train services in the Emilia-Romagna region, in Italy, on railway lines overseen by both Rete Ferroviaria Italiana and Ferrovie Emilia Romagna (FER).
The current company was born on 1 January 2020 from the merger of the railway transport division of TPER, which at that time operated railway transportation services on the network operated by FER, and the division of Trenitalia operating local railway transportation services in Emilia-Romagna, on the network operated by RFI.
PenAir Flight 3296 was a domestic scheduled flight from Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, in Anchorage, Alaska, to Unalaska Airport, on Amaknak Island off the coast of Alaska.
On the day of the accident the aircraft had departed from Anchorage at 15:15 AST and was due to land at Unalaska 2 hours and 15 minutes later.
While the flight was descending towards Unalaska they were cleared for the RNAV approach into runway 13, a meter long runway.
But as the aircraft became closer to the airport, the wind changed from 210 degrees at 8 knots to 180 degrees at 7 knots.
Due to the aircraft being unstabilised during the approach, a go-around was executed, leading to the flight returning for another, this time, visual approach into runway 13.
As an overrun was imminent, the pilots steered the aircraft right to avoid going into the water past the runway end.
Attempts to stop on the paved runway surface failed and the aircraft crossed a section of grass, broke through a chain perimeter fence, crossed a ditch, hit a large rock and crossed a public roadway.
On the day of the accident, the NTSB (National Transport Safety Board), launched an investigation which as of January 2020 is still ongoing.
On 3 January 2020 in Villejuif, a man killed one person and wounded two other people with a knife before being shot dead by police.
In Villejuif two terror attacks occurred in 2015, including the beginning of the Amedy Coulibaly killing spree and the murder of a civilian and attempted bombing of a church by Sid Ahmed Ghlam.
They shot him once; as he got up while putting his hand in his pocket he was shot again with an assault rifle because it was suspected that he was wearing an explosive belt.
The attacker, who converted to Islam in mid 2017, was identified as Nathan Chiasson, a white male born in 1997 in Les Lilas, who suffered from psychiatric disorders.
Chiasson's partner, Marie M., also a convert to Islam, was arrested at her home in Palaiseau on 7 January for links to militants groups.
At the time of the arrest she had a knife on her hand and expressed her desire to commit suicide by cop.
An investigation is attempting find other Islamists allied with Chiasson and his wife, and to establish if they formed a terrorist cell.
In 2019 it was a three team tournament instead of a one-off match, featuring a new team called IPL Velocity along with IPL Trailblazers and IPL Supernovas.
In the Americas Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Grosvenor Square is a Victorian Square laid out in the 1800's by various developers located in the suburb of Rathmines, Dublin, Ireland.
While early voting began in Minnesota on January 17, the first results from the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries will become known with the Iowa caucuses on February 3, 2020.
Delegates may either be (1) elected at local or state conventions, (2) from slates submitted by the candidates, (3) selected by the state chairman or (4) at committee meetings or (5) elected directly at the caucuses and primaries.
The table below shows those current candidates that have either: (a) served as vice president, a member of the cabinet, a U.S. senator, a U.S. representative, or a governor, (b) been included in a minimum of five independent national polls, or (c) received substantial media coverage.
The class was 20 m long, had a draught of less than 2 m, two masts and mounted four 30-pounder cannon and a mortar.
Meanwhile a lot schooners, schoonerbrigs and small paddle steamers in the Dutch East Indies were expected to become unfit in a few years.
When the United Kingdom sent some gunvessels to China, the Dutch got an idea to solve the high demand for steam gunvessels.
For service in home waters they would not have to be loaded so heavily, and would therefore have a shallower draught required for coastal and river defense.
Shortly after the approval of 27 February 1858 the navy decided to lengthen the ship by resolution of 26 April 1858.
The designers therefore thought it feasible to build ships with the same battery as the Vesuvius-class sloops, but with less draught, and much smaller.
He initially trained to be a teacher, before spending a year at the Medical Training School in Goroka, qualifying as an aid post orderly.
Bono Azanifa received over 4,000 more first preference votes than Biritu, but Biritu received almost all the second preference votes from the other three candidates' voters, overtaking Azanifa on the fourth count.
He made his List A debut on 17 December 2019, for Nondescripts Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Hellier is a web documentary series directed by Karl Pfeiffer, under the banner of Planet Weird, that aims to explore a string of synchronicities that take place in Hellier, Kentucky.
The first season was released free in five parts on January 18, 2019, on Youtube and other platforms on a pay-what-you-want model.
The second season was first released on Prime Video in ten parts, November 29, 2019 and then released, for free, to a further audience on December 13, 2019.
After a series of emails with an alleged Doctor by the name of David, the Canadian team traveled to Hellier to investigate the doctor's claims.
After thorough investigation, they found that no one in the town had ever heard of the doctor and that records of him did not exist.
The second season focuses its investigation on the identity of Terry Wriste and other paranormal events that took place in Kentucky.
They meet a woman who claims to have contact with Indrid Cold, an alien who is alleged to have visted earth and has a connection to Mothman.
The team travels to Somerset, Kentucky and visited the International Paranormal Museum and Research Center, and talked with its owner Kyle Kadel.
The first season of Hellier was released to positive reviews and viewed by over a million people, with critics almost universally praising the series' cinematography, however with some claiming that it loses track of its initial plot line.
The second season had a more mixed response, with critics finding the story to be confusing, however the cinematography was still almost universally praised.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Directed by Theodore Marston and starring Frank Hall Crane, it was one of the first film adaptations of the novel The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper.
Distributed by the Motion Picture Distributors and Sales Company, the film - a short film on a reel - was released in U.S. theaters on November 10, 1911.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Galle Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
It is located southwest of Coalton at , near the intersection of U.S. Route 35 and Jackson Hill Road (County Road 36).
Maggie Bird (13 July 1949 – 17 July 2009) was an archivist and lecturer for the Metropolitan Police and curator of the Metropolitan Police Historic Collection.
As curator of the Metropolitan Police Historic Collection, Maggie transformed what had become a disorganised hoard into a well structured and well ordered collection.
Maggie worked hard to secure greater public access to the Metropolitan Police archives and her efforts culminated in the first public exhibition being opened by the Commissioner at the Police's Empress State Building in Brompton in 2009.
Maggie was notable for her extensive knowledge of the Metropolitan Police archives and was frequently a source of information to those researching the Jack the Ripper murders.
Margaret Edwards Bird was born on the 13th July 1949 in Barry in The Vale of Glamorgan, the only child of Peggy and Emrys.
Emrys' job as a mental health nurse kept the family moving about and as a child Maggie lived in Malvern in Worcestershire, Fareham in Hampshire and Stockport in Cheshire.
On 24 January 1966 she became a member of the Stockport Borough Police Force and began a life-long association with policing.
Maggie had married a fellow police officer, Roger Barker, they later divorced and Maggie moved from Stockport to London where she worked in the office of St. Bartholomew's Hospital Nurses Home.
Whilst waiting outside a pub to escort home an inebriated room-mate, Maggie met John Bird, who was due to go to Australia to get married, but as a result of meeting Maggie he went to tell his fiancé that his plans had changed, promising Maggie that he would return to marry her.
She moved in 1993 to the archives branch forging connections right across the organisation and beginning her interest in, and notable appetite for, police history.
Maggie's approach to her work combined a passion for police history and heritage, with friendliness and a sense of humour, especially for the absurd: colleagues who consulted her could find themselves conducting further telephone discussions in the style of characters from the radio series Round The Horne.
Maggie's vast knowledge of the subject, her dedication to the work and the high regard with which she was held within and outside the Metropolitan Police, led to her appointment in 2005 as the curator of the Metropolitan Police Historic Collection, a post she called ‘The best job in the world’.
The job also could be something of an ordeal, on one occasion sorting through the stores Maggie discovered 100 old crates containing 1,500 redundant police truncheons, which Maggie had to contextualise.
Maggie became the public face of the Police archives, not only for the on-going interest in the case of Jack The Ripper, she also appeared on television in the series Who Do You Think You Are in which she had to explain to actor Jeremy Irons that his policeman ancestor was a bit of a black sheep.
She was also vice chairman of the Metropolitan Police History Society, assisting the chairman in efforts to broaden the Society and increase the membership.
Maggie's charm and character were apparent even if she just turned up at training sessions to make the tea, John found that the trainees rarely remembered what he had taught them, but they all remembered Maggie.
Maggie was also a long-term member of the Cliff Richard Fan Club, and through her lectures, she playfully promoted an interesting theory that Jack the Ripper was a woman.
She represented England in the road race and the points and sprint races on the track, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
He made his List A debut on 23 December 2019, for Kandy Customs Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 23 December 2019, for Kandy Customs Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
In 1678, Farhad Khan took a one year break from being the faujdar of Sylhet as he was appointed the task of being the faujdar of Chittagong.
It is said that Sadeq was ordered by Farhad to have built a mosque (which now remains incomplete) west of the former Sylhet Police lines.
An inscription on a certain mazar (mausoleum) in the dargah of Shah Jalal was found to have been built in 1689.
Axel Sjöberg is from family of curlers: his father is Bernt Sjöberg, wheelchair curler, he is 2006 Winter Paralympics bronze medallist; his younger sister is Fanny Sjöberg, Swedish women's champion, she currently plays in Isabella Wranå's team.
Along with Murray, Vulcano, and Quinn, he was a member of his high school's Improvisation Club, for they saw it as a way to express themselves and meet girls.
After being apart for years, Murray, Gatto, and Vulcano reunited after graduating from college and began practicing improvisation at Gatto's house, going on to tour as an improv and sketch comedy troupe in 1999, calling themselves The Tenderloins.
In 1952 the Department of Defense found that steel production on the Great Lakes was falling short, due to a lack of suitable ships, and released some World War II-era vessels to be converted to lake freighters.
She was towed, empty, and half complete, up the Mississippi River and the Chicago Ship Canal, in two parts, so she could transit the shorter locks there.
The rivers begins near Albanyà at 1,089 m a.s.l., and flows through the municipalities of Cabanelles, Lladó, Navata, Avinyonet de Puigventós, Vilafant, Santa Llogaia d'Àlguema, Figueres, El Far d'Empordà, Vila-sacra, and Vilanova de la Muga ().
It is located south of Coalton at , at the intersection of Ohio State Route 93 and Jackson Hill Road (County Road 36).
The company was founded in 1 January 2020 and manages artists such as actor Kim Soo-hyun and actress Seo Ye-ji and Kim Sae-ron.
Lee Ro-bae, the CCO, will work with actors as their producer and is in charge of bringing strong talent to the agency.
The video features shots of Walker riding on the back of a motorcycle, inside of the flea market, and pictured with London on Da Track who also produce the record.
Usher is seen inside the Flea Mart singing to a woman and on the outside doing choreography from the original video.
He represented Brazil at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medals in both the men's 100 metres T35 and men's 200 metres T35 events.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres T35 event with a time of 26.94.
At the 2019 Parapan American Games he won the gold medal in the men's 100 metres T35 event and the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres T35 event.
Hunter became a double British champion in 2001 after winning the British National Points Championships and British National Scratch Championships titles at the 2001 British National Track Championships.
The Moncouche Lake is a freshwater body at the head of the Moncouche River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Moncouche, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of lake Moncouche is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
These flies, considered closely related to Agromyzidae, are small and their larvae grow within galls formed on the leaf, shoot or flower buds.
Most of the fly species are specific to their tree hosts but a few use more than one species of host.
Along with the other members of The Tenderloins, he stars in the television series Impractical Jokers, which aired on December 15, 2011 on TruTV.
Along with Murray, Vulcano, and Gatto, he was a member of his high school's Improvisation Club, for they saw it as a way to express themselves and meet girls.
He studied at Brooklyn College and went on to join the New York City Fire Department and served for eight years.
Despite not being an initial member of his friends' comedy troupe The Tenderloins, after one of the original members, Mike Boccio, left the group in 2006, Quinn became the troupe's fourth member.
The group explained that it was difficult to coordinate the schedules of all four members outside of work, making it challenging to produce their troupe's official podcast with any regularity.
While taking a trip to Germany in 2009, Quinn was arrested for disorderly conduct and a Police officer punched him in the face, knocking his tooth out.
The Polderscross is a cyclo-cross race held in Kruibeke, Belgium, which is part of the Ethias Cross, formerly known as the Brico Cross.
Aihtaras Easabat Al'nisa () is a 1986 Egyptian movie directed and written by Mohamed Abaza and co-written by Essam Al Gamblaty.
The leader of a criminal gang known for smuggling diamond has a journalist on her tail who wants to reveal her identity.
In the quest to capture her another criminal called Shaukat host a chess game to capture her because she is good in the game of chess.
This is a list of terrorist incidents which took place in 2020, including attacks by violent non-state actors, split up by month.
This is a list of some of the terrorist, alleged terrorist, or suspected terrorist incidents which took place in January 2020, including incidents by violent non-state actors for political, religious, or ideological motives.
The Berencross is a cyclo-cross race held in Meulebeke, Belgium, which is part of the Ethias Cross, formerly known as the Brico Cross.
The van de Velde maps of Palestine and Jerusalem was an important scientific mapping of the region of Palestine and mapping of Jerusalem, published in 1858 by Dutch cartographer Charles William Meredith van de Velde.
The surveys were carried out by Van de Velde during his 1851 visit to Palestine, where he carried out various surveys, drawings, paintings and around one hundred watercolours for postcards.
Van de Velde met Titus Tobler in Switzerland in 1855, where they agreed to make a new map of Jerusalem based on combining Tobler's own measurements with the flawed Royal Engineers map of 1840–41.
Van de Velde carried out the work alone with a 7-inch surveyor’s compass, without theodolites (which required multiple people to operate) and without making astronomical observations (which required significant time).
When he returned from his trip to Palestine, he was able to obtain the 1840 Royal Engineers’ survey data, and used this in the production of this maps.
Given the known flaws in the work, Van de Velde used the Royal Engineers’ raw data to construct his map, cross-comparing the data with his work as well as all known previous geographical and cartographical knowledge.
Selorm Geraldo (born June 23, 1996 in Ghana) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays for CS Don Bosco in the DR Congolese Linafoot.
Just a season at Golden Kicks, he joined TP Mazembe in August 2019 but was loaned to satellite club CS Don Bosco.
In the first Middle Ages, Angreau was part of the stronghold of Angre, of which it was probably an outbuilding with a fortified tower.
Kariri participated in the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup with the Saudi Arabia U20 national team, where they were eliminated in the Round of 16.
After the execution of the 3rd Duke in 1521, and his posthumous attainder, the castle and manor of Stafford escheated to the crown, and all the peerage titles were forfeited.
However the castle and manor of Stafford were recovered ten years later in 1531 by his eldest son Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (1501-1563), who was created a baron in 1547.
His descendants, much reduced in wealth and prestige, retained possession of Stafford Castle and the widow of the 4th Baron was still seated there during the Civil War when shortly after 1643 it was destroyed by Parliamentarian forces.
However a vestige of the feudal barony may be deemed to have continued in the families of later owners of the manor of Stafford and site of the Castle, after the abolition of feudal tenure in 1661.
The first feudal baron held 131 manors as listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, a high proportion lying in Staffordshire.
The PEF Survey of Palestine was a series of surveys carried out by the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) between 1872-77 for the Survey of Western Palestine and in 1880 for the Survey of Eastern Palestine.
The survey was carried out after the success of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem by the newly-founded PEF, with support from the War Office.
Besides being a geographic survey the group collected thousands of place names with the objective of identifying Biblical, Talmudic, early Christian and Crusading locations.
The survey resulted in the publication of a map of Palestine consisting of 26 sheets, at a scale of 1:63,360, the most detailed and accurate map of Palestine published in the 19th century.
Although the holiness of Palestine was a significant motivator for many members of the PEF, the allocation of British Army Royal Engineers to carry out the survey was a result of British strategic interests, particularly the proximity of the Suez Canal.
As a result of the French survey work in Galilee in 1870, Charles Wilson joined the Topographical Department of the Intelligence Department of the War Office in London.
In addition, the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) provided another strategic imperative for the British Government to ensure the completion of the survey work.
John James Moscrop illustrated the nature of the involvement of the War Office in the survey work, in a detailed monograph.
The success of the survey resulted from the War Office providing support to the PEF, and the PEF providing cover to the War Office.
Moscrop takes considerable pains to show how the different governmental bodies, particularly the War Office, were involved in all stages of the Survey of Western Palestine.
He shows how Wilson was in practice serving as liaison between the government and the Palestine Exploration Fund's Executive Committee, of which he was a member...
He also describes how general publication of the maps and memoirs was held back until the War Office had finished with them for its own purposes.
Revealingly, he finds that for most of the relevant period there is no mention of any payments for the salaries of the Royal Engineers.
It has to be supposed that the money came from a quite different source-that from which the men's salaries had always come, namely the War Office in London.
The PEF surveyors, led by Charles Warren, carried out survey and excavation work in Jerusalem between spring 1867 and April 1870, building on the 1864-65 Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem.
During his three periods of residence in the region (1865–72, 1873–74 and 1881–82), Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau led a few discrete pieces of survey work that were carried out for and published by the PEF.
The initial survey group arrived in Jaffa in early November 1871 led by Captain Richard Warren Stewart; Charles Francis Tyrwhitt-Drake joined the group on 17 December, around which time Captain Stewart fell ill and returned to Britain.
23 year-old Lieutenant Claude Reignier Conder joined to lead the group on 17 July 1872, prior to which 560 sqm had been surveyed.
An aggregate total of 1,250 sqm had been surveyed by the end of December 1872, 1,800 by 8 June 1873, 2,300 sqm by 22 January 1874, and 3,000 by 23 April 1874.
Tyrwhitt-Drake died from fever (thought to be malaria) on 23 June 1874, and on 19 Nov 1874, 24 year-old Lieutenant Herbert Kitchener joined to replace him.
The survey was suspended for 15 months following an incident in July 1875 when its members were attacked near Safad by a group of Algerians.
Kitchener returned to the region, completing the remainder of the survey between 27 February 1877 and 27 September, with a total surveyed area of 6,040 sqm.
They surveyed 510 sqm of barely populated land, covering an area which included Amman, then an almost uninhabited set of Roman ruins, and the recently repopulated Madaba.
The Moncouche Lake is a freshwater body of the watershed of the rivière aux Sables, flowing in the unorganized territory of Mont-Valin, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The majority of the area of Lake Moncouche is included in the northwestern part of the territory of zec Martin-Valin, in the township of Garreau.
The forest road R0208 (North-South direction) serves the eastern side of Lac Le Marié and the upper part of Rivière aux Sables.
A few other secondary forest roads serve the vicinity of Lake Moncouche for the purposes of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of lake Moncouche is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to the end of March.
Lac Moncouche adjoins in particular lakes Doumic, Maingard and Le Marié; this group of lakes feeds the head area of the rivière aux Sables.
From the mouth of Lake Moncouche, the current flows over , successively crossing Maingard Lake, le lac Le Marié, Lac des Trois Chutes and Lac Marc before spilling onto the west bank of the rivière aux Sables.
From there, the current flows first towards the North to join the current of the Betsiamites River which generally flows towards the South-East to flow on the North-West bank of the Saint Lawrence estuary.
In the Innu language and in Cree, muak designates the loon or loon, and Moncouche would be the transcription of the plural form of the term, -É mw¯akouch in Cree.
Vishwa Nath Datta (born 1920s), is Professor Emeritus from Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India, a past president of the Indian History Congress, and author of several works on Indian history.
He was best known for portraying heroic protagonists in many martial arts films from the 1970s to 1980s and later portraying villainous roles in the 1990s.
Chui married his first wife in the early 1970s , they have a son Chui Jik-tung in 1973, who would later worked as a content creator in the advertising and entertainment industries of Hong Kong.
In 2005 Chui married a Chinese woman Luo Yunqi, who was about 30 year his junior, and they have a daughter and a son.
He represented Ethiopia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 1500 metres T13 event.
In this event all three runners finished with a faster time than Matthew Centrowitz Jr., the winner of the men's 1500 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, who finished with a time of 3:50.00.
Pain petri is a sweet, anise-scented, braided bread of Moroccan Jewish origin, that is traditionally baked for Shabbat, the Jewish sabbath, as well as Rosh Hashanah, and is popular among the Moroccan Jewish community of Morocco, France, and Israel.
Traditionally the women of the Moroccan Jewish community would knead the dough for a long period of time for the pain petri to obtain a lighter consistency.
It is braided into a shape similar to a narrower challah, or it is braided into an oblong ring shape similar to a Jerusalem bagel.
It is traditionally served for Shabbat as the bread used for HaMotzi, as well as the bread served with Shabbat meals, it is also served on some other Jewish holidays and special occasions.
Pain Petri has been traditionally prepared by members of the Moroccan Jewish community for thousands of years, since before the Spanish Inquisition.
It is somewhat similar to other Shabbat breads such as the Algerian Jewish mouna, the Ethiopian Jewish dabo, the Yemenite Jewish kubaneh, and challah.
For most of it’s history, pain petri was baked in communal ovens, as the members of the Moroccan Jewish community did not have their own ovens at home and had to share a communal, outdoor oven amongst the community.
It has only been since the expulsion of Jews from Morocco, and their subsequent return to Israel, or emigration to France in the mid-20th century, that this bread has been baked in home ovens.
With the exodus of their community from Morocco, pain petri has been brought by the Moroccan Jewish diaspora to France, Israel, the United States, and Canada, though it is still baked by the remaining Jewish community in Morocco.
Pain petri differs from challah, and indeed many other bread in general, in that it is typically made relatively quickly, with the process from start to finish taking an hour.
A dough is made with flour, water, eggs, yeast, oil, sugar, and anise seeds, and a hole is poked through the middle of the dough which is allowed to rest for 15 minutes.
She went to Harvard College as an undergraduate, majoring in English, and later went to the Yale School of Drama to study acting.
The play also was produced in 2016 at the Off-Broadway Signature Theatre and has been performed in a US national tour in 2017.
Born into a family of musicians in the Romanian city of Satu Mare, he began studying the violin at seven, and moved with his family to Montreal at the age of 13, where he enrolled in the Joseph-François Perrault High School.
He went on to study at the Conservatoire de musique de Montréal with Raffi Armenian, who was music director of the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony from 1971-1993.
In 2013, he was awarded the and was appointed to his first position as Assistant Director-in-Residence at the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec under Fabien Gabel, and in 2014, at 22, he was appointed assistant conductor to Paavo Järvi at the Orchestre de Paris in France.
In 2017, aged 26, he was appointed Music Director of the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony, replacing outgoing Music Director Edwin Outwater from August 2018.
He made his debut with the BBC Symphony Orchestra at Maida Vale in a program of Stravinsky and Poulenc in June 2019.
The NerdWriter series began in 2011 and has been updated almost every week exploring a range of topics from film to current affairs to sitcoms to philosophy.
The Shin-Nagoya Thermal power Station is the only power plant located within the city limits of Nagoya, and provides much of the city's electricity for ordinary homes.
Unit 1 started operation as a coal-fired power plant in 1959, and Units 2 through 6 were built by 1964, reaching a total output of 12,560 MW, making it the largest power plant in Asia at that time.
Units 1 through 4 were abolished in 1992 as their equipment reach the end of is operational life, as were Units 5 and 6 in 2002.
Unit 7 was completed in 1996 as an Advanced Combined Cycle system (ACC) using LNG as fuel with a 1300 deg C combustion temperature, driving six gas and six steam turbines.
In April 2019, all thermal power plant operations of Chubu Electric Power were transferred to JERA, a joint venture between Chubu Electric and TEPCO Fuel & Power, Inc, a subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company.
He serves in the Kentucky House of Representatives for the 43rd district, and in this position is Kentucky's youngest black state lawmaker .
Booker is a member of the Democratic Party, and is running for the Democratic nomination for Mitch McConnell's Kentucky Senate Seat in the 2020 election.
Booker graduated from Louisville Male High School in Louisville, Kentucky, and earned his bachelor's degree and Juris Doctor from the University of Louisville.
He worked for the Legislative Research Commission until 2014, when he was fired for appearing in a campaign video of Alison Lundergan Grimes, a candidate in the 2014 United States Senate election in Kentucky.
In 2016, he ran against Gerald Neal in the Democratic Party primary election for the 33rd district of the Kentucky Senate.
Booker finished in third place with 20 percent of the vote, behind Neal, who received 48 percent, and Joan Stringer, who received 32 percent.
On January 5th, 2020, Booker formally entered the 2020 Kentucky Senate race for the Democratic nomination for Mitch McConnell's Senate Seat.
Following Darryl Owens' retirement from representing the 43rd district in the Kentucky House of Representatives in 2018, Booker ran to succeed him.
In a field of seven candidates, Booker won the Democratic nomination with 29.5 percent of the vote, and defeated Republican Everett Corley in the general election by 56 percent.
The 1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria was an early scientific mapping of Palestine (including a detailed mapping of Jerusalem), Lebanon and Syria.
It has occasionally been mislabeled as an Ordnance Survey map; in fact none of the officers worked for the Ordnance Survey, which was a separate organization.
The 2019 MFF Charity Cup (also known as the 2019 MPT Charity Cup for sponsorship reasons) is the 8th Charity Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous National League and Domestic Cup competitions.
The match was played between Yangon United, champions of the 2018 Myanmar National League and Shan United, runner-up of the 2018 Myanmar National League.
This was Yangon United's 5th Cup appearance and Shan United's 3rd time Cup appearance, they won Charity Cup for the first time as Kanbawza FC in 2016.
The station is location on two levels, with the booking office, on one floor and waiting rooms on a lover level.
The 2020 MFF Charity Cup (also known as the 2020 MPT Charity Cup for sponsorship reasons) is the 9th Charity Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous National League and Domestic Cup competitions.
The match was played between Shan United, champions of the 2019 Myanmar National League and Yangon United, champions of the 2019 General Aung San Shield .
This was Yangon United's 6th Cup appearance and Shan United's 4th time Cup appearance, they won Charity Cup for the first time as Kanbawza FC in 2016.
It bears heads of yellow flowers, with around 10–20 disc florets and 3–8 ray florets, the laminae of the latter around long.
She has won Ukrainian national championships across different disciplines 20 times, and in 2016 she was runner-up in the European Eight-ball Championship.
In December 2010, Polovyntschuk beat Viktorija Nahorna 6-3 and became Ukrainian champion for the first time, shortly after her 15th birthday.
At the Ukrainian championship in 2013 she won the titles in straight pool, ten-ball, and for the third consecutive year in nine-ball.
When she last participated in the Ukrainian Junior Championship, in 2014, she won all four championship titles for the fourth time.
At the 2016 European Pool Championships, Polovinchuk reached the final in eight-ball, in which she lost 3–6 to Kristina Tkach 3–6 despite having taken a 3–1 lead.
At the 2017 Ukrainian Championship , she took part in three of the four competitions and reached the final three times, each time meeting Daryna Sirantschuk.
After Polovinchuk had become Ukrainian champion endlessly for the sixth time in a row in straight pool and for the fourth time in a row in eight-ball, she lost 6–7 in the nine-ball final.
Polovinchuk studied at the Economics and Business Faculty of Mykolas Romeris University, graduating at the top of her class in January 2019.
Dogbreth are an American punk band based in Seattle, Washington, though formed originally in Phoenix, Arizona in 2009 by main songwriter Tristan Jemsek.
It featured initial lineup of Tristan Jemsek on guitar and lead vocals, Tyler Broderick on guitar and bass, drums by Alex Cardwell and additional vocals by Brianna Johnson and Erin Wrench (the latter of which would become the band's bassist).
The lists is organized by the region and country of the sponsoring organization or festival, but some awards are not restricted to films or actors from that country.
Thus the David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor, awarded by the Italian Academy of Films, is given to non-Italian actors.
According to court histories, he had originally decided on a monastic life, abandoning material desires and embarking on pilgrimages as an itinerant mendicant.
It was while he was visiting the holy city of Benares in 1431 that he received news of his father's death, as well as of the violent struggle for the vacant throne which had ensued among his brothers and the military leaders.
Early in Dharma's reign, his territories were invaded by the Sultan of Bengal, Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah, who compelled a tribute of money and elephants.
His religious zeal is also notable, shown both through donations of large amounts of lands to Brahmins, as well as by his construction projects, which include temples and the famous Dharmasagar tank in Comilla.
Thus, according to the events narrated in the chronicle, Dharma divided his kingdom into seventeen parts, each to be parcelled to all but the youngest of his eighteen sons.
The Wrestling Summit was a major professional wrestling supercard show that was produced and scripted collaboratively between the US-based World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and the Japanese All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotions.
The joint venture show took place on April 30, 1990 in the Tokyo Dome, in Tokyo, Japan and reportedly drew 53,742 spectators.
The event was the only time the three promotions produced a joint show, although NJPW and WWF worked together under the name Super World of Sports subsequently.
Highlights from the show aired on Japanese television, but due to various ownership issues the full event has never been shown in its entirety.
On the undercard The Ultimate Warrior successfully defended the WWF World Heavyweight Championship against Ted DiBiase and the NJWP team of Masa Saito and Shinya Hashimoto defeated Masahiro Chono and Riki Choshu to regain the IWGP Tag Team Championship.
The World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) had been working together since the 1970s, with WWF wrestlers travelling to Japan for NJPWs and NJPW wrestlers being brought to the US for WWF shows.
As part of the collaboration the WWF even named NJPW booker Hisashi Shinma their figure head president in the late 1970s.
In 1979 NJPW founder Antonio Inoki supposedly won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Bob Backlund on a show in Japan, only for the results to be reversed six days later.
As part of their partnership, NJWP was given control of the WWF World Martial Arts Heavyweight Championship upon its creation as Inoki was awarded the championship when he arrived in the United States.
The WWF also briefly gave NJPW control of the WWF International Tag Team Championship in 1985 as part of their partnership.
On January 27, 1990, WWF owner Vince McMahon appeared at an All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) show in Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.
During the show he shook hands with AJPW owner Giant Baba, followed by an announcement that for the first time WWF, AJPW and NJPW would collaborate on a show held at the Tokyo Dome on April 13, 1990.
The main event of the show was originally announced as WWF representative Hulk Hogan taking on one of AJPW's top wrestlers in Terry Gordy, but before the event, the match was changed for undocumented reasons with Stan Hansen taking part instead of Gordy.
At WrestleMania VI, the Ultimate Warrior defeated Hulk Hogan to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship just two weeks prior to the Wrestling Summit Show.
In the same vein, Demolition (Ax and Smash) had won the WWF World Tag Team Championship at WrestleMania VII, but their championship was not on the line in the semi-main event.
NJPW had officially booked Yoshiaki Yatsu to team with Jumbo Tsuruta for the show, but due to an injury King Haku instead teamed with Tsuruta against Mr.
The officially announced attendance for the show was 53,742, while it was later confirmed that 43,000 tickets were sold, the rest were given away for free.
Highlights from the show were later shown as part of AJPW's weekly television show on Nippon TV on May 15, May 22, and May 29, 1990.
The highlights excluded the first match as well as the two matches featuring only NJPW (the second and the seventh match).
In the second match of the night Jushin Thunder Liger pinned Akira Nogami for the victory at 8 minutes, 37 seconds.
Shane McMahon, using the name Shane Stevens, son of WWF owner Vince McMahon, served as the referee for the third match of the night, making the pinfall count as Jimmy Snuka pinned Masa Fuchi to take the victory for himself and Tito Santana over Fuchi and Kenta Kobashi.
In the fourth match, WWF representative Bret Hart and AJPW light heavyweight mainstay Tiger Mask wrestled to a 20-minute draw, with the time limit expiring as Tiger Mask had Hart covered for a pinfall attempt.
While The Big Boss Man had turned face (become one of the good guys) in early 1990 he still played the role of the bad guy in the match by being the aggressor in the match, breaking the rules.
After Jake Roberts pinned the Big Bossman, he put his snake, Damien, on top of the Big Bossman before leaving the ring.
In the second NJPW-exclusive match, Masa Saito and Shinya Hashimoto successfully defended the IWGP Tag Team Championship against Masahiro Chono and Riki Choshu, when Saito pinned Chono for the victory.
For his match against Genichiro Tenryu, Randy Savage was accompanied by his manager Sensational Sherri, who would interfere in the match at one point.
The Ultimate Warrior's WWF World Championship defense against Ted DiBiase was the shortest match of the night, as Warrior only needed 6 minutes, 11 seconds to defeat DiBiase.
In the semi-main event Demolition's (Ax and Smash) newly won WWF World Tag Team Championship was not on the line as they took on AJPW representative Giant Baba and WWF representative André the Giant.
The main event match between Hansen and Hogan, saw the two fight both inside and outside of the ring, ending when Hogan kicked Hansen in the face as Hansen was entering the ring.
The April 30, 1990 show was the only time that the WWF, NJPW, and AJPA collaborated on a show, with neither AJPW nor NJPW working directly with the WWF after this, and AJPW/NJPW were rivals in Japan for years afterwards, not working together again until 2000.
Shortly after the Wrestling Summit, Super World of Sports (SWS) was formed, featuring wrestlers who previously worked for NJPW or AJPW.
In October 1990 SWS and the WWF began collaborating, sending WWF wrestlers to Japan for SWS shows and SWS wrestlers working select WWF shows, such as Genichiro Tenryu and Kōji Kitao working the WWF's WrestleMania VII show.
Instead of working with the WWF, NJPW opted to partner with US-based World Championship Wrestling (WCW) for a talent exchange as well as joint shows including WCW/New Japan Supershow I, II and III as well as Collision in Korea.
The storyline feud between Warrior and Dibiase extended to the fourth The Main Event prime time special, where Warrior once again successfully defended the championship against Ted DiBiase.
Genichiro Tenryu's feud with Randy Savage carried through the SWS shows in 1991, with Tenryu defeating Savage at the 1991 WrestleDream in Kobe Japan.
The WWE Network only has highlights from two of the matches, the semi-main event with Demonlition vs the Giants, and the main event between Hogan and Hansen.
With the show taking place in the pre-internet era, there are very few reviews of the show from contemporary fans outside of the fan votes for the Wrestling Observer Neweletter awards.
Andrea L. Graham is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and the co-director of the Global Health Program at Princeton University.
From 2006 to 2010, she was awarded a BBSRC David Phillps Fellowship to investigate immune responses to co-infection while at the University of Edinburgh.
Some taxonomic authorities further split this species into the North Moluccan dwarf kingfisher, and call the Moluccan dwarf kingfisher the Seram dwarf kingfisher.
Vortex 2020, or Vortex2020, is a planned music festival scheduled to be held in the U.S. state of Oregon in 2020, fifty years after Vortex I.
The Moncouche Rive (French: rivière Moncouche) is a tributary of the east bank of the Métabetchouane River, crossing the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, flowing in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of the Moncouche River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
This misshapen lake looks like a big X or a star; it has two large bays to the north, two in the center and two to the south.
From the confluence of the Moncouche river, the current descends the Métabetchouane River northward on to the south shore of lac Saint-Jean; thence, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay River via La Petite Décharge on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Road Trip Elegies: Montreal to New York is an upcoming Audible Original production by Rufus Wainwright, scheduled to be released in 2020.
Bluebird Memories: A Journey Through Lyrics and Life is an upcoming Audible Original production by Common, scheduled to be released in 2020.
It was host to the world’s first aviation meeting, home to Bréguet Aviation, and an important airfield in the First World War (WW1).
There were several other airfields in the area of Douai, especially during WW1, so the term 'Douai Airfield' may or may not refer to La Brayelle.
The first product was the Bréguet-Richet Gyroplane No.1, a machine with four sets of four biplane rotors driven by a engine.
On 29 September 1907 it rose vertically to a height of two feet (0.6m), steadied by four assistants – the first ever manned helicopter flight, but it was completely uncontrollable.
This was badly damaged in a hard landing, and was used as the basis for the model 2bis, which was nearly ready for flight when it was destroyed in its hangar by a severe storm in early 1909.
On 17 December 1907, local businessman Pierre Arbel, director of the Forges de Douai, donated land as France’s first airfield, and created a field and a fenced area for the hangars and workshops.
Blériot won the speed prize and Paulhan won a distance contest and separately set a new world altitude record of , comfortably clearing a reference balloon set at the target to beat the record set by Wilbur Wright the previous year.
In 1911 Louis Bréguet started his own company, Bréguet Aviation, and by 1913, he had established a flying school, both based here.
In 1914, at the start of the war, the French military arrived, and the Royal Naval Air Service stationed some armoured cars here.
In June 1916 Bavarian aerial reconnaissance unit Feldflieger Abteilung (Field Aviation Battalion) 5b arrived at La Brayelle, but left in October after hangars were destroyed during heavy bombardment.
The airfield was bombed by RFC night bombers on the nights of the 5/6 and 7/8 April 1917, and Jasta 11 moved to Roucourt, 26 miles to the north-east on the 13 April 1917.
Jasta 4 was at La Brayelle between 24 February to 31 May 1917, and Jasta 12 arrived here 18 August 1917.
The Germans continued to occupy the airfield, and on 2 May 1918 Roderic Dallas, commander of RAF 40 Squadron, in an S.E.5, created an unusual incident when he dropped a package with a note taunting the Germans, then bombed and shot up the base, apparently to the amusement of Field Marshal Haig and Sir Hugh Trenchard.
25 Squadron RAF moved into the airfield with DH.4s and DH.9As, and was still operating here at the date of the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
During the Second World War the Germans again occupied the airfield, but it was unsuitable for operations, so they moved instead to Vitry-en-Artois airfield, three miles to the southwest, which they considered more convenient and which had runways which could be concreted.
Almost all traces of the old airfield have disappeared, and the site is now occupied largely by agricultural land and industrial areas including a large Renault car plant.
There remains a memorial to Capitaine Louis Gabriel Madiot, Capitaine Dubois and Lieutenant Peignian, who all died in the crash of a Bréguet aircraft on 23 October 1910.
It was erected on 7 October 1923, and is located by the roadside in the area of the original Breguet workshops.
Jan Szuścik (23 October 1879 in Gułdowy - 1941 in Oranienburg concentration camp) was a Polish teacher, politician and member of the Silesian Parliament.
After the World War II had broken out, he was arrested by Nazi Germans during the Intelligenzaktion Schlesien and sent to the Oranienburg concentration camp.
The men's discus throw event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 29 August 1989.
After graduation from high school, Craft was superintendent of the lamp department at the Warren Electric and Speciality Company in Warren, Ohio.
In New York he was from 1907 to 1918 (with interruption by military service in WW I) a development engineer and from 1918 to 1922 assistant chief engineer in charge of development and design.
During WW I in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, Craft was a captain from March 1917 to December 1917 and a major from March 1917 to May 1918.
From June 1918 to October 1918 he was a technical advisor on radio communication to the U.S. Navy in London, UK.
VanEnkevort Tug & Barge is an American shipping line, founded in 1967, that specializes in shipping bulk cargoes in tug barge units.
Liga IV Bacău is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Bacău County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 24 teams divided into 2 series, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
The number of relegated team from the Liga IV – Bacău is variable and depends on the number of teams relegated from the Liga III.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
The structure and organisation of Liga IV Bacău along with other county football leagues have undergone frequent changes right up to the present day.
He was master of the choristers in Christ Church Cathedral from February 1830, where he had been deputising for the absent Walter Hamerton; he resigned the post in 1872.
The tune was originally composed for the children of a school set up in 1825 in Summerhill, a district of Northside, Dublin, with support from Viscountess Harberton.
The International Maritime Organization estimates that the new limit of 0.5% sulfur content, down from 3.5%, will cut sulfur dioxide emissions from ships by about 8.5 million tonnes.
Australia’s bushfire crisis is expected to contribute up to 2% of what scientists forecast will be one of the largest annual increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide on record.
In the forecast by the British Met Office climate gas concentration is projected to peak at more than 417 parts per million in May 2020.
Storm Gloria in Spain: Seawater flooded ca 30sq km of rice plants, killed people, blocked roads, power cuts and damaged beaches around Barcelona, Valencia and on the Balearic Islands.
The men's triple jump event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 27 and 29 August 1989.
Robert Lewis Byington (January 29, 1820 – June 20, 1886) was a Democrat politician who served on the Sierra County Board of Supervisors (1867–1870) and (1875-1877), and California State Assembly, 24th District (1877–1878).
An early paternal American ancestor was William Byington who came with his wife Elizabeth Jackson from Yorkshire, England in 1638 and settled in the following year at Rowley, Massachusetts.
Seeking the discovery of gold in California, he moved to the mining district in the Sierra Nevada mountains, going first to Dutch Flat and then to Goodyears Bar and Monte Cristo in Sierra county.
They had eight children: William Henry; Mary (died in childhood); Mary Emma, wife of Tirey Lafayette Ford; Lewis Francis; Charles Thomas; Catherine Lydia; Clara Mary; and Francis Joseph Byington.
He was a butcher by trade and made a living in mining and stock raising and owned farm land in Colusa County, California.
Byington, a prominent and popular citizen of Sierra county and one of its pioneers, died in this city on Wednesday last after a long illness.
He was for many years a leading business man of that county, an active Democratic politician and held the positions of Superviosr and Assemblyman.
Alicia Ely Yamin is currently a Senior Fellow at the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology and Bioethics at Harvard Law School and an adjunct faculty member at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.
In 2016, the UN Secretary General appointed Yamin as one of ten international experts to the Independent Accountability Panel (IAP) for the Global Strategy on Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health in the Sustainable Development Goals.
Yamin has served on numerous WHO and UN advisory groups and committees, and has advised high courts around the world in relation to health rights cases.
She was Chair of the Board of the Center for Economic and Social Rights from 2009-15, and currently serves on the Board of Directors of Women in Global Health.
Prior to that she held positions as Policy Director of the Francois-Xavier-Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, and Director of Research and Investigations at Physicians for Human Rights.
Yamin has received various distinctions and awards in relation to her work, including the Joseph H Flom Fellowship in Global Health and Human Rights at Harvard Law School and the Gladstein Distinguished Visiting Professorship at the University of Connecticut.
Yamin began her career in health and human rights at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, where she worked with the Averting Maternal Death and Disability Program on maternal and reproductive health.
Her work has continued to focus on sexual and reproductive health and rights, the enforceability of health rights, and on promoting accountability and social/gender justice through human rights, in health and beyond.
Ongin inscription was discovered in 1891 in Mongolia near the Ongi River, 160km south to the Orkhon inscriptions and 402km south-west to Bain Tsokto inscriptions.
The Rivière aux Montagnais is a tributary of the southeast bank of the Moncouche River, flowing in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of the Montagnais river (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
The toponym Rivière aux Montagnais was formalized on June 1, 1971 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 18 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
The product has been described as the most produced of any of Volkswagen's parts, some 6.81 million sausages being manufactured in 2018.
The pork cuts are trimmed to remove excess fat, which provides a fat content to the sausage of approximately 20%, significantly lower than the 35% usual for a bratwurst sausage.
The sausage is given an official part number of 199 398 500 A. Volkswagen state that their currywurst contains no protein powder, monosodium glutamate or phosphates.
The currywurst is sold in the 17 canteens and restaurants in the Wulfsburg factory, usually with ketchup and chips (French fries).
Volkswagen has produced food for its workers at the Wolfsburg plant since it opened in 1938 due to the remote location of the factory.
Initially, the plant received whole animals from a Volkswagen-owned farm that were butchered on site - this has since ceased and pre-butchered animals are sourced locally.
The meat was originally a blend of pork and beef but the beef was removed in the 1990s owing to the United Kingdom BSE outbreak of the 1990s.
Around 40% of Volkswagen currywurst production is consumed within restaurants at its six German factories, the remainder is sold at external shops, supermarkets and football stadiums.
A portion is also sent to Volkswagen dealerships across Europe which use the currywurst as a present for customers who purchase new cars.
The product is sold in 11 countries but is not available in the United States due to its rules on the import of uncooked meat.
In the past Volkswagen has sent a team of chefs to the United States to replicate the product with locally-sourced ingredients.
Production increased by 264% between 2009 and 2018 when 6.81 million were made, making the currywurst the most produced of any part in the Volkswagen range.
Ranfurly Castle is a ruined 15th century castle, about south west of Bridge of Weir, Renfrewshire, Scotland, in Ranfurly golf course.
The castle was built by the Knox family in about 1440, but passed to the Earl of Dundonald, a Cochrane in 1665, and subsequently to the Aitkenheads.
Two storeys of the keep remain, although there were previously at least three storeys, and three cellars of the buildings once in the courtyard.
A south wing providing three vaults for cattle and stores on the ground floor and probably three rooms for the family above were also added, although the date is unknown.
They would discuss various issues of the day and get ready for the following day, on the basis of the information received.
Samuel Davis Shannon (May 3, 1833 – September 9, 1896) was an American soldier and politician who served as the 7th Secretary of the Wyoming Territory as a Democrat.
Samuel Davis Shannon was born on May 3, 1833 in South Carolina and during the Civil War married Elizabeth Peton Giles.
In December 1860 in joined the Confederate Army and was given the rank of captain and during the American Civil War he served on the staff of Major General Richard H. Anderson.
Following the Civil War he became a journalist, but later moved to Denver, Colorado due to poor health and then to Cheyenne, Wyoming.
On April 9, 1887 he was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as Secretary of the Wyoming Territory and served until July 1, 1889.
Following his tenure he returned to the eastern United States and was later placed into a Soldier's Home in Pikesville, Maryland where he died from Bright's disease on September 9, 1896.
It was named after Brexit in 2016 by the town's mayor as a tribute to the United Kingdom following their vote to leave the European Union in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
Sanchez also justified Rue du Brexit as he said the then unnamed road needed a title to assist emergency services with location.
Sanchez revealed to French radio that he had received several messages of support from the UK, some of which he said were from Members of Parliament.
Some newspapers also alleged it was done as a political reminder to French voters of the promise to hold a French referendum on European Union membership if the Front National leader Marine Le Pen won the 2017 French presidential election.
While none of the All-Pro teams have the official imprimatur of the NFL (whose official recognition is nomination to the 2020 Pro Bowl), they are included in the NFL Record and Fact Book and also part of the language of the 2011 NFLPA Collective Bargaining Agreement.
In 2019 she won the silver medal in the event for visually impaired athletes at the World Para Athletics Marathon Championships.
She documented history in that area, particularly during the First World War and she was also involved in creating care for the elderly.
Although her town was small it became very significant during the first world war where thousands of children, invalid prisoners of war and thousands of tonnes of mail was exchanged.
She was known for the photographic record that she created during the first world war which included Red Cross sisters and war invalids.
Her pictures recorded notable politicians, opera singers and nobility as well as revolutionaries, spies and smugglers, but she is also remembered for the work she did in establishing care for the elderly.
Workato is considered an integration platform as a service (iPaaS) which connects its clients' enterprise software applications across functions such as finance, marketing, sales, customer service, DevOps, and IT operations.
At the time of writing, the medieval Turku Castle, the site of events, was badly damaged, and the story had a major influence on the desire to restore this important landmark in the City of Turku.
Beneath Turku Castle, in the deepest and darkest cellar vault, lived a 700-year-old elf Tomten with a white beard so long that he could spin it two turns around his waist.
The lonely Tomten was good and honest, but disciplined and tidy, and also had a slightly peculiar taste for his living comforts.
He had only three friends: the elf of Turku Cathedral, his magical black cat Murri in the cellar vault and his only human friend, Matti, the old janitor of Turku Castle.
Matti was 12 years old when he first met Tomten; at that time, the boy was looking for old muskets bullets in the vaults of the castle, where he found an underground passage.
Matti was trapped in the tunnel as the rocks collapsed, but the Tomten who emerged helped him out of the tunnel and transported him safely out of the tunnel through Turku Cathedral.
Matti didn't expect to see Tomten anymore, but the old elf wished Matti a great future and secretly helped Matti in his studies and work, until he was a janitor at Turku Castle at the age of 30.
Matti worked for 50 years until she retired at the age of 80 and left her job for her granddaughter's husband.
After that, old Matti spent a lot of time in the decaying castle, repairing the places, not knowing that the Tomten also repaired the castle every now and then.
There were plenty of things to repair in the castle due to the weather and the natural forces, but Tomten was tenacious and had for centuries secured the castle by repairing it so that the castle would not leave only ruins over time.
When Tomten saw how old Matti loved the castle like him, his heart was tender and he reappeared to Matti after all these years.
In his spare time, Tomten told Matti about the history of the castle and the people who inhabited it, including the dukes and kings.
He also told Matti about the battles and other conflicts around the castle; when a Great Fire of Turku came at the time when Tomten visited Raseborg and Loviisa to meet his cousins, he had decided that he would never leave Turku at all.
He also shows another door that leads to a dungeons where many thieves, who have attempted to steal treasure, are now in chains and turned into wolves.
According to Tomten, there is a tunnel under the door beneath the castle's foundations, where the old Väinämöinen, the ageless wise man, sitting and waiting.
Soon there is a wedding at the castle: Rose, the great-granddaughter of Matti is getting married with sergeant major and invisible Tomten has given her a beautiful crown as a gift.
The guests, who did not see Tomten, are sure that Matti has found it in the castle, but only Matti knew the truth.
Matti drinks too much wine and starts to tell about Tomten and treasure to Saara, whose need to gossip is trumped by her greed.
Tomten stops them and turns Saara into a cat and her son Kiljanus (when he still trying fighting back) into a wolf.
One day, Tomten shows up for the last time to 88-year-old Matti, who visits at the castle with Rose and his son, Eerik.
President Bill Clinton nominated Johnson on May 5, 2000, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Ellen Segal Huvelle.
On September 15, 2015, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint him to second 15-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
The United States team of Fred Couples and Davis Love won by one stroke over the Swedish team of Anders Forsbrand and Per-Ulrik Johansson.
According to the American FactFinder, there were 10,864 Hmong living in North Carolina, with about 5,133 living in and around the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Our Lady of the Angels Catholic church in Marion, North Carolina sponsored two refugee families, and First Methodist Church followed suit.
Some locals viewed the refugees with suspicion, and rumors of the Hmong fighting against Americans in Laos, being welfare cheats, or overpopulating local residents became more widespread.
Today the Hmong are an important part of the cultural and economic makeup of the region, with their own churches, restaurants and markets.
University of North Carolina, Greensboro, University of North Carolina, Charlotte and Appalachian State University all have Hmong Student Associations on campus to help build community.
Additionally, DigitalNC, a project of the state Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, UNC Chapel Hill Library, and the North Carolina Digital Heritage Center initiated a project called Hmong Keeb Kwm: The Hmong Heritage Project.
A senior custodian of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Świebocki specializes in the resistance movement within the Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland during World War II.
His father, Karol Świebocki, was a member of Poland's Home Army who was imprisoned in Auschwitz as a political prisoner from 17 June 1942; he died on 10 August that year in a gas chamber in Auschwitz II–Birkenau, one of a group of 193 sick prisoners in the camp hospital that the Germans decided to gas.
The men's 400 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 26, 27, and 28 August 1989.
While working on this project, Dungo's partner of eight years died from cancer and Dungo weaves his own grief into this surfing history book.
After working as a aestetic plastic surgent between 2004-2005 in JFK Hospital located in Bahçelievler, Istanbul, Avşar established the Avşar Aesthetic Clinic in Beşiktaş in 2006.
He received robotic surgery education in France in 2009, and in 2015, he developed a technique that shows 3D printed simulations of before and after of an aestetic surgery.
Farhana Sultana is an Associate Professor of Geography at Syracuse University, where she is also a Research Director for the Program on Environmental Collaboration and Conflicts at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs.
After earning her Master's degree Sultana joined the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) where she worked as a programme officer for their environmental work in Bangladesh.
After three years at the UNDP Sultana returned to the University of Minnesota where she worked toward doctorate in the Department of Geography.
In 2008 Sultana moved back to the United States, and joined the Department of Geography at Syracuse University as a Professor.
Sultana is interested in water governance and social change, the politics associated with adapting to climate change and how to decolonise systems and institutions.
Flooding is an integral part of the Bangladeshi landscape and strengthens the farmlands, but large scale population growth brings a burden to the land.
The ČSD Class T 466.2/3, later ČD and ZSSK class 742/3, are a class of diesel locomotives, constructed by ČKD Praha between 1977 and 1986.
The locomotive was developed from the ČSD Class T 448.0 shunting locomotive, modified to be more suited to ČSD's needs, including a higher top speed, lower axle loads, and the relevant signalling equipment.
The first series of 60 locomotives started to be delivered in 1977, and were allocated to depots at Bratislava, Leopoldov, Bohumín, Děčín, Trutnov, Plzeň, Ostrava, Hradec Králové, Liberec, and Ústí nad Labem.
It was originally known as Parmer Switch when the Pecos Valley and Northern Texas Railway built a line through the area in 1898 and it was named for Martin Parmer.
The town was composed of 200 acres of land formerly owned by the XIT Ranch and had been used for wheat farming.
A one-story courthouse was built at the midway point between Bovina and Friona and a post office was established in September 1907, shortly after Parmerton was voted Parmer County seat.
After significant political intrigue, a second election was held in December 1907, after which Parmerton was stripped it its status in favor of Farwell.
The post office closed in 1908 and Parmerton went into decline; today nothing remains except for an historical marker and a railroad switch.
The men's +90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City took place on 19 October at the Teatro de los Insurgentes.
Joseph Henry Loveless (December 3, 1870 – c. 1916), also known as Charles Smith, Walter Currans, and Walter Cairns, was an American bootlegger and accused murderer.
In 1916, he allegedly escaped from jail with a sawblade he had hidden in his shoe, a feat he would repeat several months after being accused of murdering his common-law wife.
The body was not positively identified until 2019 with the help of the DNA Doe Project, which noted that the identification was the oldest one they had ever made.
On May 18, 1916, Loveless broke out of the St. Anthony jail, using a sawblade he had hidden in his shoe.
The details of Loveless's death are unknown, and it is an open case with the Clark County Sheriff's Office as of January 2020.
However, the clothes described in his final wanted poster after his jailbreak describe him as wearing the same clothes found with his remains: a light colored hat, brown coat, red sweater, and blue overalls over black trousers.
Samantha Blatt, bioarchaeologist at Idaho State University, speculated that Loveless may have been killed by his deceased wife's family as revenge for her murder.
In 1979, a family searching for arrowheads in Buffalo Cave near Dubois, Idaho, discovered human remains in a burlap sack, consisting of a headless torso.
In 2019, Idaho State University researchers and Clark County authorities solicited help from the DNA Doe Project, a nonprofit that seeks to identify previously unidentified deceased persons via forensic genealogy.
Loveless was considered a plausible candidate, though, as his gravestone was found to be a cenotaph (not accompanied by his remains).
Loveless's 87-year-old grandson was identified as living in California, and he agreed to take a DNA test, which confirmed that the remains were those of his grandfather Joseph Henry Loveless.
Born in Bremen, after studying music in Leipzig, Klatte began his professional career as a musician first at the Deutsches Nationaltheater und Staatskapelle Weimar with Richard Strauss.
He was a member of the board of directors of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Musikverein (from 1909) and representative of the musical arts in the (from 1925).
Jhivvan Jameel Jackson Meléndez (born August 27, 1998) is a Puerto Rican college basketball player for the UTSA Roadrunners of the Conference USA.
He scored 52 points in a 92-91 overtime win over Denton Guyer High School in the playoffs after missing the two games previous with an injured ankle.
Jackson was lightly recruited, his only NCAA Division I offers coming from New Mexico and UTSA, and was not rated by any major recruiting services.
On October 16, 2016, he committed to play for UTSA, who discovered him at an all-star game in New York City.
He scored a career-high 46 points and hit a career-high eight three-pointers in a 96-88 overtime loss to Western Kentucky on January 31, 2019.
As a sophomore, Jackson led Conference USA in scoring with 22.9 points per game on 38.6 percent shooting from the field, combining with Keaton Wallace to form the highest scoring backcourt in Division I. Jackson was named to the First Team All-Conference USA.
He was subsequently named National Player of the Week by the United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA), becoming the first Conference USA player to win the award since its creation in 2009–10.
Jackson's father, LeRoy Jackson, played college basketball in the early 1990s for Oregon State before playing for Panama and professionally in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.
Glow Recipe is a K-beauty inspired American skin care brand that was founded in 2014 by two former L’Oreal employees Sarah Lee and Christine Chang.
The company won a $425,000 investment from Robert Herjavec on the NBC show Shark Tank, however, did not end up accepting the investment.
Levin was an Associate Director of Federal Policy at Prosperity Now from 2012 until 2017, where his focus was on homelessness and poverty.
In February, 2017, the Indivisible co-founders formed a 501(c) organization, with Levin designated as Indivisible's first President and Greenberg as Vice-President.
The 2020 National Women's Soccer League season will be the eighth season of the National Women's Soccer League, the top division of women's soccer in the United States.
Including the NWSL's two professional predecessors, Women's Professional Soccer (2009–2011) and the Women's United Soccer Association (2001–2003), it will be the 14th overall season of FIFA and USSF-sanctioned top division women's soccer in the United States.
Both national federations pay the league salaries of many of their respective national team members in an effort to nurture talent in those nations and take the financial burden of individual clubs.
The initial determining factor for a team's position in the standings is most points earned, with three points earned for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.
If two or more teams tie in point total, when determining rank and playoff qualification and seeding, the NWSL uses the following tiebreaker rules, going down the list until all teams are ranked.
NOTE: If two clubs remain tied after another club with the same number of points advances during any step, the tiebreaker reverts to step 1 of the two-club format.
A fierce prohibitionist, in 1911 he published a book, The Devil Let Loose in Maine about the problems of alcohol in the State.
In the 1920s, Bubar worked with the Ku Klux Klan in Maine and went on a speaking tour of his native Aroostook County coordinated by Klan leader DeForest H. Perkins.
In 1951, he was known for making a passionate but ultimately failed plea in favor of an income tax over a sales tax.
Comet was originally founded along the Ohio Southern Railroad as a company town for the Comet Coal Company, operating the Comet mine nearby.
Abdulaziz Khalid Ahmed Khalifa Rajab (born 17 March 1997), commonly referred to as Abdulaziz Khalid, is an Bahraini international footballer who plays as a forward for Al-Najma.
Beth Meir Synagogue of Bastia is a Jewish Synagogue located at 3 Rue du Castagno in Bastia, on the island of Corsica.
During World War I, Jewish families from French Mandated Syria and Lebanon arrived in Corsica, escaping the ravages of the Sinai and Palestine campaign led by the armies of the German and Ottoman Empire.
Its name, Beth Knesset Beth Meir, (in Hebrew : בית כנסתבית מאיר) is a reference to Rabbi Meïr, one of the biblical sages quoted in the Mishnah.
During the Second World War, when 80,000 Italian soldiers and 15,000 Nazi German soldiers occupied the island, part of the community was imprisoned at a camp in Asco.
None of them were deported to Nazi concentration camps in Continental Europe, and were released from the prison camp after the liberation of Corsica by the Moroccan Goumiers and French Resistance guerilla forces.
Systemic vasculitides are a group of heterogeneous diseases that share the etiology in terms of inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis) – more specifically the arterioles – with systemic envolvement.
Valve Corporation (also known as Valve Software) is an American video game developer, publisher, and digital distribution company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington.
Johann Stephan Capieux (born January 8, 1748 in Schwedt , died June 8, 1813 in Leipzig ) was a German illustrator of Huguenot origin.
Before joining Extra, Lahmers co-anchored Good Day Wake Up on Fox 5 NY WNYW in New York City and was a reporter and weekend anchor at several local television stations.
In 2007 she joined Fox CT (now referred to as Fox 61) in Hartford, Connecticut, once again as a reporter; by the time of her departure in 2012, she was also working as the weekend news anchor at the station.
From 2012 until 2014 Lahmers was an on-air personality at Back9Network, a golf cable television start-up, along with her then-husband Jamie Bosworth, a former golf pro and co-founder of the station.
In 2017 she was promoted to daily co-anchor of the station's early morning news program, Good Day Wake Up, which airs before Good Day New York, along with long-time New York television news reporter Sukanya Krishnan.
Lahmers has been an advocate for the prevention of domestic violence since 2009, when Alice Morrin, a close friend and colleague at Fox CT, was murdered by her husband.
Civil War Major and former Congressman Benjamin Butler ran on a fusion ticket between the Democratic Party and the Greenback Labor Party.
Between the years 1918 and 1921 Lott played a total of 23 games for Basel scoring a total of two goals.
Due to the discharge of untreated wastewater and industrial wastewater, as well as wild garbage dumps in the bank area, the river is heavily polluted by heavy metals and other pollutants.
John Duvall (3 September 1815, Margate, Kent - 13 May 1892, Ipswich) was a nineteenth century English artist who painted landscapes, sporting and rustic subjects.
He lived in Ipswich and exhibited work at the Royal Academy, the British Institute and the Royal Society of British Artists.
He was born in Kent but moved to Ipswich by 1852 where he taught drawing and set up studio in the Butter Market.
Although originally a portrait painter, when the number of portrait commissions declined owing to the spread of photography, he started to specialise in painting horses.
In 1875 he became the first chairperson of the Ipswich Fine Art Club of which he remained a member until 1889.
Between the years 1919 and 1924 Dietz played a total of 53 games for Basel scoring a total of 16 goals.
The band is composed of 102 non-commissioned officers and officers, as well as an archivist, in addition to the director and deputy director.
When it was founded, the band was based at the 2nd Regional Area Command in Rome, until the year 1995, in which it passed its administrative dependencies to the Air Force General Affairs Department.
The band was established by ministerial decree of the then Kingdom of Italy on 1 July 1937 with maestro Alberto Di Miniello as its first director.
At the inauguration ceremony of the Band, a sort of mystical baptism, the distinguished composer Pietro Mascagni intervened as an exceptional godfather, who directed it in the first concert.
Its establishment was drawn from the Royal Decree of 19 November 1936, which ordered the establishment of a new military band.
Cavour Barracks in Rome was chosen as the headquarters of the Musical Corps, a symbolic choice since it was the first Italian barracks that housed an aviation department at the beginning of the century.
Subsequently, on 20 September 1937, the band was officially presented to the nation, with a concert held at the headquarters of Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche (the state radio).
In the years between 1938 and 1940, there were numerous foreign tours by the band that included visits to Bulgaria, Spain, and Germany.
In 1940, the band was invited to Belgium to perform concerts that were subsequently broadcast by radio in Brussels, in favor of Italian and German troops.
Among its major musical activities, it has held concerts in New York, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Chicago, Hamburg, Munich, Berlin, Ankara, Moscow, and Milan.
In addition to the concert activity, like all Italian military bands, it also has the task of attending the arrival honor ceremonies at the Palazzo del Quirinale, alternating with other military bands.
It also performs on 2 June for the Festa della Repubblica military parade, representing the Italian Air Force in the Italian Armed Forces.
She also worked until her death at the 'Zentralstelle für Familienbiologie und Sozialpsychiatrie' (Central office for Family Biology and Social Psychiatry) with Rudolf Cornides and .
Between 1928 and 1944 Juda studied the biographies of 19,000 German speaking people, including scientists, artists and at least 27 musicians.
Her research was criticised, as her inclusion criteria were rather ambiguous, and the diagnostic methods used in her time were not great at distinguishing between different schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
On 14 June 2017, the Grenfell Tower fire broke out in the 24-storey Grenfell Tower block of flats in North Kensington, West London, at 00:54 BST; it caused 72 deaths, including those of two victims who later died in hospital.
It was the deadliest structural fire in the United Kingdom since the 1988 Piper Alpha disaster and the worst UK residential fire since the Second World War.
Among the issues being investigated are the management of the building by Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council and Kensington and Chelsea TMO (Tenant Management Organisation, which was responsible for the borough's council housing) and the responses of London Fire Brigade, the council and other government agencies.
In the aftermath of the fire, the council's leader, deputy leader and chief executive resigned, and the council took direct control of council housing from the TMO.
Across the UK and in some other countries, local governments have investigated other tower blocks to find others that have similar cladding.
It affirmed that the exterior did not comply with building regulations and was the central reason why the fire spread, and that the fire service were too late in advising residents to evacuate.
The fire's proximity to Latimer Road Underground station caused a partial closure of London Underground's Hammersmith & City and Circle lines.
Services on the Hammersmith & City, and Circle lines were again suspended on 17 June 2017 due to concerns about debris falling from the tower.
The Kensington Aldridge Academy, at the base of Grenfell Tower and inside the police cordon, was closed for more than a year after the fire.
The City of London cancelled the annual Mansion House Dinner, hosted by the Lord Mayor of London due to take place the day after the fire.
Philip Hammond, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, had been due to address the event, but had said he would not do so following the fire.
The blocks, Barandon Walk, Testerton Walk and Hurstway Walk, also lost access to hot water as they shared a boiler beneath Grenfell Tower that was destroyed in the fire.
On 22 October 2018, James Brokenshire published a written reply to Parliament indicating that many of the households affected were still in temporary accommodation and required rehousing.
St Clement's Church, Treadgold Street and St James' Church, Norlands, in the Deanery of Kensington, provided shelter for people evacuated from their homes, as did nearby mosques and temples.
offered their Loftus Road venue as a relief centre and accepted donations of food, drink and clothing from the local community, and other nearby football clubs Brentford and Fulham also offered their stadiums as relief centres.
The Prime Minister, Theresa May, said she was saddened and called for a cross-government meeting, and a meeting with the Civil Contingencies Secretariat.
May made a private visit to Grenfell Tower to speak with London Fire Brigade commissioner Dany Cotton and other members of the emergency services, though not with any survivors.
On the same day, the government issued information including details of a dedicated benefits line and a fund to support the survivors.
On 18 June 2017 an announcement followed that all those made homeless would receive £5,500, with each household to be given at least £500 in cash and £5,000 paid into an account.
This included funds to support people in temporary accommodation, a discretionary fund to help with funeral costs, and funding to help with residents' legal representation.
That is why each family whose home was destroyed is receiving a down payment from the emergency fund so they can buy food, clothes and other essentials.
On 22 June 2017, Theresa May stated in the House of Commons that anyone affected by the tragedy, regardless of their immigration status, would be entitled to support, including healthcare services and accommodation.
(Two weeks later the government said that anyone coming forward would be subject to normal immigration rules, including the possibility of deportation, after twelve months.
May added that it was important for those receiving payments from the fund to understand that they could keep the money – they would not have to pay it back, and it would not impact their entitlement to any other benefits.
In August 2017, it was announced that the Kensington and Chelsea TMO (KCTMO) would no longer manage the Lancaster Estate containing Grenfell Tower, which would come under direct council control.
The next month, it was announced that the contract with KCTMO to maintain social housing in the borough had been terminated.
On 18 June 2017, the government relieved Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council of responsibility for supporting the survivors, after their supposedly inadequate response to the disaster (but O'Hagan's investigation contradicts this description).
Responsibility was handed over to the Grenfell Fire Response Team (GRT) led by a group of chief executives from councils across London.
Resources available to them include: central government, the British Red Cross, the Metropolitan Police, the London Fire Brigade and local government in London.
The government also announced that they would send in a task force to take over some of Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council's functions when the GRT is gradually wound down.
This move from the government stops short of demands from the London mayor, who called for ministers to appoint external commissioners to take over the running of the whole council.
The Mayor of London Sadiq Khan issued a statement saying he was devastated and also praising the emergency services on the scene.
Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn praised the emergency services for their actions, but said that questions needed to be answered about the fire and that land would have to be appropriated from the surrounding region.
The Bishop of Kensington, Graham Tomlin, went to the site fire in the morning and counselled firefighters moving in and out of the building.
In the afternoon, he spent his time with survivors and also helped collect charity donations in various churches around his parish.
The Queen and Prince William visited the Westway Sports Centre, where a relief centre had been set up to help the victims of the fire.
Jeremy Corbyn visited a nearby community centre and spoke to some of the volunteers who were helping those affected by the fire.
During the afternoon of 16 June 2017, hundreds of people protested at Kensington Town Hall, demanding that victims be rehoused within the borough and that funds be made available for those rendered homeless.
It was transferred to a new body comprising representatives from central and other local London government, the London Fire Brigade, Metropolitan Police and Red Cross.
Residents living near the tower, who had been evacuated and were also effectively homeless, accused the council's leadership of going into hiding.
Some families reportedly returned home after being told that rehoming priorities were aimed at those who had lived in Grenfell Tower, amid confusion and uncertainty over whether their homes were safe.
Holgate said he had been asked to leave by the local government secretary Sajid Javid; the government refuted this (Holgate was replaced by Lewisham Council CEO, Barry Quirk, on 22 June 2017).
The 2017 Glastonbury Festival opened with a minute's silence for the victims of the Grenfell tower fire and the Manchester Arena bombing, led by Peter Hook, co-founder of Manchester band Joy Division.
Camden London Borough Council ordered the evacuation of all 800 flats of the five blocks on the Chalcots Estate following an inspection of the cladding on the buildings.
Celotex Saint Gobain announced on its website that it was to stop the supply of RS5000 for use in rainscreen cladding systems in buildings over tall.
The Football Association announced that proceeds from the 2017 FA Community Shield match, between London rivals Arsenal and Chelsea, would be donated to support the victims.
More than fifty artists contributed to the single, which was released under the title Artists for Grenfell on 21 June 2017.
It sold 120,000 copies in its first day, the highest volume of opening-day sales of the 2010s, and reached number one on the UK Singles Chart on 23 June 2017.
It was held at Loftus Road, the home ground of Queens Park Rangers and only a mile away from the tower.
On 17 September 2017, a benefit classical concert was held at Cadogan Hall, raising money for two charities liaising with Grenfell residents.
This is due to multiple households asking to be rehoused in more than one dwelling, such as those with grandparents or grown-up children.
Of these, 83 are living in a permanent home (up from 28 in October 2017), and 101 have accepted an offer of a permanent home but not yet moved in.
Of the 120 who are not in a permanent home, 52 are in temporary accommodation and 68 are in emergency accommodation (42 in hotels, 22 in serviced apartments and 4 with family or friends).
Out of the 129 households who were evacuated from the surrounding buildings, 38 have returned to their homes, one is in a permanent new home, 75 are in temporary accommodation and 15 are in emergency accommodation.
The government acquired 68 flats in a newly built development at Kensington Row—in the same borough as Grenfell Tower, and about from the Tower—and 31 on Hortensia Road, Chelsea.
season was the club's 83rd season in the Football League, and the 30th consecutive season in the fourth tier (League Division Three).
In this bestselling thriller, the author brings together history, that of the apartheid system, and politics, that of South Africa in Angola.
He is appointed by the lawyer Hope Beneke to find in less than 7 days a testament bequeathing to the widow Wilna van As the fortune of her husband, Johannes Jacobus Smit.
This rich antiquarian was tortured at their home and murdered after the opening of his safe-deposit box and the stealing of its content.
The plot alternates between the chapters written in the third person and describing the step-by-step investigations, and those written in the first person and detailing the history of the personal life of Zet van Heerden.
This character is like a vindicator showing us that no one holds a single truth, and that coexistence with former enemies is difficult.
In parallel, the reader discovers the life of Thobela Mpayipheli, a member of Umkhonto we Sizwe — the armed wing of African National Congress — sent to the former Soviet Union and East Germany to be trained as an assassin.
In a dialogue with Hope (Beneke), a sentence summarizes how between Zet (van Heerden), the main character, oscillates between positive and negative feelings.
The Dinka are the largest ethnic group, followed by the Nuer, although due to unreliable population data it is disputed whether the Bari, the Shilluk, or the Zande are the third largest.
The 2016 World Ladies Snooker Championship was a women's snooker tournament that took place at the Northern Snooker Centre in Leeds, England, from 2 to 5 April 2016.
The top eight seeds were placed into the last-16 round of the knockout phase and were not required to play in the qualifying groups.
Progression from the groups was determined by the following criteria: Matches won; Head to head; frames won; Highest ; and finally by ranking position.
The event was split after the group stage, with players not reaching the main knockout tournament competing in a parallel tournament called the plate competition.
Three of the eight seeds lost in the last-16: Maria Catalano, Jaique Ip (seeded 3rd), Maria Catalano (4th) and Jenny Poulter (6th).
Ng On-yee progressed to the final without losing a frame, beating Laura Evans 3–0, Katrina Wan 4–0 and Rebecca Kenna 4–0.
The final took place on 5 April 2016, and was contested by defending champion Ng On-yee and top seed Reanne Evans.
Evans won the first frame, before Ng took the next three, making the highest break of the competition, 72, in the fourth frame.
Ng regained the lead again at 4–3, before Evans won three in a row to win the match 6–4, including a break of 47 in frame ten.
Players who qualified from the group are shown in bold and with a (Q) after their name in the final standings tables below.
On 3 March, 2012, Diesellek knocked out current Lumpini Stadium and Rajadamnern Stadium champion with his left kick at Lumpini Stadium.
On 19 August, 2018, at the occasion of the 3rd MLWC, Diesellek faced Dave Leduc inside the Thein Pyu Stadium in Yangon, Myanmar.
The lac à la Carpe (English: Carp Lake) is the most important freshwater body on the hydrographic side of the rivière à la Carpe on the watershed Lac Saint-Jean, in the unorganized territory of Belle-Rivière, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Carp Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
Eubank ran for United State Congress in 1948, winning the Democratic Party nomination for Washington's 4th congressional district race before losing to incumbent Hal Holmes in the general election.
She married in Canada but the marriage was short-lived as six months later Shackleton applied for a divorce on the basis that her husband's previous divorce was invalid.
The Anti-infiltration Act () is a law regulating the influence of entities deemed on the political processes of the Republic of China, including elections and referendums.
The act was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 31 December 2019 and promulgated by the Tsai Ing-wen presidential administration on 15 January 2020.
Bills to counter espionage were proposed by the Ministry of Justice three times by February 2017, but all were rejected by a minister without portfolio.
Later that year, the New Power Party was reported to be forming an anti-infiltration bill for consideration during the legislative session starting in September.
Cross-caucus negotiations on the anti-infiltration bill took place in late December 2019, although only two of twelve articles were discussed, and the only agreement reached regarded the title of the act.
The act passed 67–0 due to a Kuomintang boycott of the final reading, as the Democratic Progressive Party held a majority in the Ninth Legislative Yuan.
Prior to its promulgation, Kuomintang and People First Party legislators petitioned the Council of Grand Justices for a ruling on the law.
It bars people from accepting money or acting on instructions from to lobby for political causes, make political donations, or disrupt assemblies, social order, elections, and referendums.
Within the act, foreign hostile forces are countries or political entities at war or engaging in a military standoff with Taiwan.
Acts of infiltration were defined by considering applicable provisions of other laws, among them the Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act, the , the Referendum Act, the and the Social Order Maintenance Act.
In addition to the Democratic Progressive Party caucus and majority in the Ninth Legislative Yuan, support for the Anti-infiltration Act came from former defense minister Michael Tsai.
Prior to its passage, Sung Cheng-en of the Taiwan Democracy Watch stated that the Anti-infiltration Act should have included regulations on political propaganda.
The passage of the Anti-infiltration Act was criticized as rushed and forced, as it became law 34 days after its formulation as a bill.
Taiwanese businesses and industry organizations located in China, including the , the , and the expressed opposition to the act, as did Terry Gou.
After the act was promulgated on 15 January 2020, Tsai stressed that legal exchanges with China would not be adversely affected, and asked the Executive Yuan and Straits Exchange Foundation to clarify questions about the law.
Flags of the People's Republic of China, first flown along Mofan Street in Jincheng, Kinmen, in 2018 to welcome Chinese tourists, were voluntarily taken down days after the Anti-infiltration Act passed its third legislative reading, as residents feared that the law made flying the PRC flag illegal.
He then earned a Master's Degree in Development Economics from Stanford University and another in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.
Kelly worked in the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs from 1988 to 1990 and in the Office of the United States Trade Representative.
Nicolás Solveyra (born 10 March 1995) is a professional Argentinean rugby union player who plays as a prop for Houston Sabercats in Major League Rugby having previously played for the Jaguares XV in the Currie Cup and internationally for Argentina XV.
It began to be enforced from 1828 thanks to the grammars of Ion Heliade Rădulescu , although the Romanian Orthodox Church continued to use the Romanian Cyrillic for religious purposes until 1881, ie.
The civil alphabet began to be used after 1840, first introducing Latin letters between Cyrillic letters and then replacing some Cyrillic letters with Latin letters so that Wallachian and Moldovan subjects could become accustomed to them.
The final turning point was completed under French influence and is the result of the Wallachian Revolution of 1848 and the Crimean War with the Treaty of Paris (1856).
The complete replacement of the Cyrillic alphabet with the Latin in the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia was formalized in 1862 by Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
The civil and already Latin alphabet became one of the symbols of Romanian unity and the national-bourgeois revolution, a direct consequence of the so-called Spring of Nations, which also affects Wallachia and Moldova.
Gustav Putzendopler (* 16 January 1894; † 20 November 1969) was an Austrian international footballer who played for SK Rapid Wien, FC Basel and FC Mulhouse.
Between the years 1912 and 1920 he played a total of 49 games in the Austrian Championship and numerous test matches for Rapid without scoring a goal.
Between the years 1920 and 1927 he played a total of 175 games for Basel, scoring a total of seven goals.
Puneet Talwar is an American diplomat who served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs from 2014 to November 2015.
Talwar served as a top Middle East advisor to Barack Obama and played a central role in the backchannel diplomacy that produced the Iran nuclear deal.
Prior to working in the White House, he was a top advisor to then-Senator Joe Biden on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for twelve years.
From 1995 to 1999 and 2001-2008, Talwar served as the Chief Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia Advisor to Joe Biden on the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
Talwar was foreign policy advisor for the United States House of Representatives, and served as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Iraq, Iran, and the Gulf States on the National Security Council from 2009 to 2014.
He is also a Senior Advisor at WestExec Advisors, a strategic advisory firm founded by former Obama Admininstration officials, Michèle Flournoy and Tony Blinken.
In 1827 she played a role in the settlement of Tasmania and thereafter sailed in the region and between England and Tasmania.
She brought out to Van Diemen's Land much of the initial cargo, stock, and farm labourers for the newly-formed Van Diemen's Land Company.
In particular, she carried 50 Cotswold sheep – 10 rams and 40 ewes – which apparently were the first sheep in Tasmania.
While she was working for the Company she also at some point carried the colourful adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen from Launceston to George Town.
There she took on the crew of the whaler , which had wrecked on 6 March, and carried them to Sydney.
The five-storey building was completed in 1902 to designs by the architect Emil Jørgensen and provided free accommodation for families and individuals in difficult circumstances.
Schioldann, who had a deaf son, Ove Schioldann, was very active in the work for improving the living conditions for the deaf.
Vitaliĭ Semenovich Lelʹchuk () (born 1929) is a Russian historian who is a specialist in the Soviet model of industrialisation, scientific and technological revolution, and the history of the USSR.
He graduated from Moscow State University where he also taught before moving to the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
He later joined the State Academic University for Humanities (GAUGN) in Moscow where he was deputy dean of the Faculty of History.
From 1952 to 1959, Lelʹchuk taught history at MSU and from 1959 at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, later becoming deputy dean of the Faculty of History of the State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN) in Moscow.
With respect to Lenin's New Economic Policy, Lelʹchuk argued that its mixed results were a consequence of a failure to set clear objectives due to idealogical differences and a power struggle in the Communist Party, rather than structural problems within the Soviet economy.
He wrote a short history of Soviet society with Yriĭ Polyakov and Anatoliĭ Protopopov that was published by Progress Publishers in 1971 and translated into French (1972) and English (1977).
He also published three edited works on the Soviet Union during the Cold War (1995, 1998, 2000), part of new scholarship assisted by the opening of Soviet archives.
608 Fifth Avenue, also known as the Goelet Building or Swiss Center Building, is an Art Deco style office building at Fifth Avenue and West 49th Street in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to Rockefeller Center.
608 Fifth Avenue was built in 1930–1932 for Robert Walton Goelet, a member of the wealthy Goelet family, on the site of Ogden Goelet's old mansion.
The structure was built while the construction of Rockefeller Center was ongoing, and its design was meant to complement that of the other buildings in Rockefeller Center.
The structure, built in the Art Deco style, consists of a two-story base and an eight-story upper section, with a facade of green and white marble.
Among these were two country mansions that Edward H. Kendall designed for brothers Robert and Ogden Goelet, within one block of each other.
While Robert's estate was located at 589 Fifth Avenue, near present-day 48th Street, Ogden's estate was located at 608 Fifth Avenue one block north.
In 1920, Robert Walton commissioned the construction of an art gallery at 606 Fifth Avenue, directly south of Ogden's estate; the gallery was then occupied by Henry Reinhardt & Son.
Ogden's widow continued to live in the 608 Fifth Avenue mansion until 1926, and retained ownership of the structure through her death in February 1929.
However, Goelet could not yet develop the western part of his site due to an easement that a neighbor held on the land.
Though both options included office space above a two-story retail area, one of the options provided space for a showroom, and the other did not.
The building was completed by 1932, but due to a lack of interest from large tenants, the space was subdivided into smaller units.
Within the area bounded by Sixth and Fifth Avenues between 48th and 51st Streets, the Goelet Building was among the few plots that was not owned outright by Rockefeller Center's developers by the end of 1932.
According to contemporary photographs of 608 Fifth Avenue, the ground floor was first occupied by several small stores, and by the 1960s, was taken up by the men's store John David.
Lester Tichy was hired to redesign both the interior and exterior of the first and second floors, and the Swiss Center opened in 1966.
The building's then-owner Sarah Korein objected, as she wanted to expand the building by several stories once the Swiss Center's lease expired in 1996.
However, the planning application to the city's Department of Buildings was submitted by Roy Clinton Morris on behalf of Edward F. Faile, leading to occasional disputes over who was the building's architect.
Directly to the south is the Childs Restaurants building at 604 Fifth Avenue, built in 1925 as the United States' first building with no columns at its corners.
From the outset, 608 Fifth Avenue was designed as a commercial structure that would maximize the rapidly rising land value of the area, with retail on the lower floors and office stories above.
At the time, retail space was more profitable per square foot than office space was, but the retail space also required large display windows facing the street, which nonetheless were extremely profitable.
To maximize the surface area of these show windows, Faile designed the third and higher stories on a cantilevered structure located on two-story-tall outer columns recessed from the boundary of the property.
The construction of Rockefeller Center made it difficult to forecast whether numerous small stores or a large retailer would be more suitable for the site.
To ensure that the retail space could more easily be converted into a department store if needed, 608 Fifth Avenue included features such as wide staircases and fire sprinklers, as well as a ceiling in the rear of the first floor.
When the second-floor mezzanine was built, it was suspended from this cantilever, instead of being supported by columns above the first floor, thus maximizing the first-floor retail space.
The crest and monogram hung above the original main entrance arch on Fifth Avenue, demolished in 1965, as well as the arched entryway on 49th Street.
The building's lobby was designed in a full Art Deco style, as Victor Hafner was not constrained by a need to conform the building's interior with those of nearby buildings.
The elevator lobby contains three openings for elevators, as well as a staircase to the floors above; the elevator doors also contain intricate carvings.
The following lists events that happened with or in collaboration with the United Nations and its agencies in the year 2020.
He attended Locust Valley High School in Lattingtown, and then went on to attend college at SUNY Cortland, where he graduated in 2014.
From there, he went on to become a fourth-grade teacher for the Floral Park-Bellerose Union Free School District on Long Island.
And once the castaways had moved to the Island of the Idols for the final few days of the game, Sheehan returned the favor, by sharing a clue to another hidden idol with Kowalski.
In response, Sheehan convinced her that he was no good at making fire, stating that if they wanted to eliminate Beck, the biggest threat left in the game, Salman would have to pit Beck and Kowalski against each other in the Final Four fire-making competition which would determine the third finalist.
At the Final Tribal Council, Sheehan stated that he made strong social bonds with many people in his tribe, enabling him to control the ebb and flow of the game.
On December 18, 2019, it was revealed that Sheehan’s social game had prevailed, as he won the title of Sole Survivor, by an 8–2–0 vote.
He had received votes from everyone on the jury except Aaron Meredith and Elizabeth Beisel, each of whom had voted for Kowalski.
After the results were announced, Sheehan stated that, in spite of winning the $1 million, he would keep his day job as a teacher.
Karl Putzendopler (* 1898; † 11 January 1983) was an Austrian footballer who played for SK Rapid Wien and FC Basel.
Between the years 1920 and 1927 Putzendopler played a total of 154 games for Basel scoring a total of 10 goals.
Under him the team won promotion to the 1930–31 Swiss Serie A, but winning only four points that season they suffered immediate relegation.
Elvira Guerra (; 1855–1937) was an Italian equestrienne and circus performer, notable for competing at the 1900 Summer Olympics, the first Games at which women were allowed to compete.
First published in 1980 by the company Asahi Sonorama, the magazine's publication frequency alternated between quarterly and bi-monthly over time before it temporarily ceased publication in 2005.
Early issues of the magazine, published by Asahi Sonorama, feature articles about older science fiction media, information regarding new and upcoming media at the time of the issues' publication, and blueprints and diagrams of robots, spaceships and mecha.
She is a co-founder of the Ferguson Response Network, the co-creator of the Safety Pin Box monthly subscription service, and has created multiple digital campaigns such as #PayBlackWomen and #SlaveryWithASmile.
She also worked as a trainer helping open the international locations of corporate restaurants chains, and later became an event planner.
In 2014, she began grassroots organizing with the help of Feminista Jones, with whom she organized a National Moment of Silence (#NMOS14) vigil in the wake of Michael Brown's shooting death in Ferguson, MO.
Mac then founded the Ferguson Response Network in 2014 to help train people in peaceful protest, and transitioned into full-time organizing.
Mac was an activist in the Black Lives Matter of Unitarian Universalism, and helped organize a protest that interrupted a Bernie Sanders rally in Seattle during his campaign to become the Democratic candidate in the 2016 presidential election.
The idea was influenced by the popular safety pin concept developed by a woman in the UK who suggested wearing pins as a sign of solidarity to racial minorities after the Brexit vote.
In December 2016 Mac posted on Facebook about racism, and shortly after actor Matt McGorry shared her post on his account in support, Mac's account was banned.
Mac created the Twitter hashtag #PayBlackWomen in July 2018 to highlight the racial disparity in pay between Black women and white men.
In 1637, King Charles of England, Scotland and Ireland tried to impose a new Prayer Book, based on that of the Church of England, on the Church of Scotland (the Kirk).
Another grievance was that General Assemblies of the Kirk had voted to abolish the office of bishop, and Charles seemed determined to reinstate it.
On 26 October, Charles and the Covenanters signed the Treaty of Ripon as a preliminary to a more detailed and permanent treaty.
Meanwhile, the Scottish army was to be allowed to occupy Northumberland and County Durham, and was to be paid £850 per day for its upkeep.
Charles was desperately short of money, and summoned the Parliament of England in the hope that they would pass financial supply bills to solve his problem.
That Parliament (which sat until 1660 and became known as the Long Parliament) first met on 3 November, and turned out be not at all subservient to his wishes.
A week later, Scottish commissioners (John Smith of Grothill and Hugh Kennedy of Ayr) arrived in London to finalise a treaty.
Charles denounced the Scottish army as rebel invaders, but the commissioners were welcomed by the Puritans of London, and he withdrew his remarks.
The King was in a weak position: there was civil unrest in London, and Parliament had impeached his two chief ministers, the Earl of Strafford and Archbishop Laud (they were later to be executed).
They had denounced episcopacy (bishoprics) in the Church of England, and had spoken and written against Strafford and Laud; and, their hosts had told them that that was none of their business.
However, the underlying tensions within his kingdoms still remained, and the Bishops' Wars turned out to be only the initial conflicts in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which ended only with his trial and execution in 1649.
Michelle Dion is a political scientist, currently a professor in the Department of Political Science and the Senator William McMaster Chair in Gender and Methodology at McMaster University, as well as the founding Director of McMaster University's Centre for Research in Empirical Social Sciences.
Dion studies the political economy of Latin America, the history of social welfare policies, political methodology, and comparative political behaviour with a focus on attitudes, gender, and sexuality in politics.
Dion received a BA in Latin American Studies with a concentration in Government from the University of Texas at Austin in 1996.
She then attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for graduate school, obtaining an MA in political science in 1998 and a PhD in political science in 2002.
After completing her PhD in 2002, Dion became an Assistant Professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
She has also taught at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
The book analysed the development of Mexican social welfare policy over nine decades, focusing on the period since 1980, arguing that its evolution was a function both of coalitions of organised labour and also the creation of state institutions like enlarged state administrative capacity.
Dion is a member of the Visions in Methodology organisation, and has worked on major projects to improve instruction in political science methodology.
Dion is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
The study included a coauthor from the City of Hamilton and one from the AIDS Network, and it used survey research methods to study the well-being of LGBTIQ+ and two-spirit people in the city, with a particular focus on how few dedicated public spaces remain available for those individuals in Hamilton.
Dion has contributed expert commentary to various media outlets on issues like gender pay gaps among faculty members and citation gaps between men and women academics.
Only those Cyrillic letters that have Greek correspondences are included in this system, and the letters by Titlo (5); by Titlo (50) and by Titlo (500) or replace with each other.
This mysterious system also has a complicated variant, in which an alphabetic character is represented by several letters, the sum of the numerical values of which is equal to the numerical value of the replaced letter.
Other mysterious systems are the interchange of consonant letters, arranged in two lines; the microscopic letter; the mirror letter and the monogram.
There are no specialized studies in the field of Bulgarian medieval cryptography with a view to distribution in time and territorial scope.
He represented Brazil at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's long jump T37 event.
He represented Brazil at the 2015 Parapan American Games and he won the gold medal in the men's long jump T37 event and both the men's 100 metres T37 and men's 200 metres T37 events.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships he won the gold medal in the men's 100 metres T37 event, the silver medal in the men's 200 metres T37 event and also the silver medal in the men's long jump T37 event.
Two years later at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships he won the silver medal in the men's long jump T37 event and he qualified to represent Brazil at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan.
There was supposed to be a East v Edinburgh District match but it was indefinitely postponed as Edinburgh wanted the match played in Edinburgh; or, if away, the match to be played in Perth with the provincial clubs to pay their own expenses.
Gail A. Bishop is an American professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Iowa and Director of the Center for Immunology & Immune-Based Diseases at the Carver College of Medicine.
After completing her PhD Bishop was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where she worked on the mechanism of B lymphocyte activation and the structure-function relationships within B cell signalling receptors.
She has also investigated the role of TRAF3 in T cell signalling and function, as well as trying to establish the nuclear roles of TRAF3.
T cells that are deficient in TRAF3 have no clear differences in survival, but do have decreases in CD4+ and CD8+ responses to infection or immunisation.
Comet Lake Dam is a dam located on Nimissila Creek, in the city of Green in Summit County, Ohio, at .
The reservoir created is called Comet Lake, and it drains into the upper Tuscarawas River by way of the Nimissila Creek.
Her father was the medievalist, Arsenio Frugoni.. She spent time during childhood and youth in a sanatorium due to suffering from tuberculosis.
In the Americas Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective first-round ties competed in the relegation play-off, with the winning team remaining in Group I, whereas the losing team was relegated to the Americas Zone Group II in 1989.
The ruisseau Contourné is a tributary of the north shore of the rivière aux Montagnais, flowing near the northern limit in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of Contourné Creek (except the rapids areas) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
In the Americas Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost their respective first round ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group II in 1990.
Khalifah Al-Dawsari (; born 2 January 1999) is a Saudi Arabian football player who plays as a defender for MS League club Al-Qadsiah.
He was first called up to the first team on 12 April 2018 during the match against Al-Nassr, where he was an unused substitute.
Deulpota is an archaeological site located beside the Hooghly river, in the Diamond Harbour II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
According to Sharmi Chakraborty, Centre for archaeological Studies and Training, Eastern India, pottery including rouletted ware of the Sunga Kushana period have been found.
Historically, the Paradise Glacier fed into two works of Stevens Creek above the tree line, one of which produces Upper Stevens Creek Falls and the other Fairy Falls.
As the glacier retreated throughout the 20th century, the drainage of Fairy Falls was gradually cut off from the glacial melt and now relies entirely on annual snowfall to sustain its flow.
In the Americas Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group II in 1991.
Sundown on the Prairie is a 1939 American Western film directed by Albert Herman and written by William L. Nolte and Edmond Kelso.
While the show focused on local personalities, Peters did have celebrities on the show occasionally, including Eddie Fisher, Bob Hope, Minnesota Fats, and Alfred Hitchcock.
His mother was too mentally unstable to take good care of him; residing in mental hospitals, Alean disappears and reappears throughout Ruben's life.
His father stayed at Nanny's boarding house, but he was frequently not around due to working long hours or out looking for work.
The television movie tells of his life growing up there and of the diverse characters that he meets during his and their stays at the boarding house.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective first-round ties competed in the relegation play-off, with the winning team remaining in Group I, whereas the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1989.
The 2020 UCI ProSeries is the inaugural season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
The winner of the preliminary round joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1990.
Omar Al-Owdah (; born 29 December 1998) is a Saudi Arabian football player who plays as a defender for MS League club Al-Batin.
He started his career playing as a forward before being moved to play as a defender under the advice of his former youth coach Ahmed Abdulmaqsoud.
Just 1 month after signing for Al-Raed, his contract was terminated due to him failing to meet the requirements for professional players.
Harinarayanpur is an archaeological site in the Kulpi CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
According to Sharmi Chakraborty, Centre for archaeological Studies and Training, Eastern India, terracotta plaques, semi-precious stone beads and pottery of the Sunga Kushana period have been found.
Raško Konjević (Cyrillic: Рашко Коњевић, born on 12 April 1979 in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina), is a Montenegrin politician, Deputy President of centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP), and current member of Parliament of Montenegro.
He was a Minister of Interior Affairs in cabinet of Igor Lukšić (2010–2012) and in 6th cabinet of Milo Đukanović (2012–16) and later Minister of Finance in provisional Government of Montenegro that lasted from May to November 2016.
The UK R&B Albums Chart is a weekly chart, first introduced in October 1994, that ranks the 40 biggest-selling albums that are classified in the R&B genre in the United Kingdom.
The chart is compiled by the Official Charts Company, and is based on sales of CDs, downloads, vinyl and other formats over the previous seven days.
Valentin Ivanovich Bliznyuk (; 12 April 1928 – 30 December 2019) was a Soviet and later Russian aircraft designer who worked chiefly with the Tupolev design bureau over a career spanning almost seventy years.
Born in 1928, Bliznyuk entered the S. Ordzhonikidze Moscow Aviation Institute and was recruited to work at the Tupolev design bureau as a design engineer during his studies.
His early work included several military designs, including the Tu-91 turboprop tactical strike aircraft, the Tu-95 and Tu-98 strategic bombers, the Tu-105 prototype for the Tu-22 supersonic long-range bomber, and the Tu-107.
From the late 1950s Bliznyuk worked on designs for unmanned aerial vehicles for different purposes, and had a hand in the development of the Tu-121, Tu-123, Tu-141 and Tu-143 unmanned vehicles, as well as some more unconventional designs, the Tu-130 boost-glider and the proposed Tu-136 orbital manned spacecraft.
By the 1960s he was working under the bureau's chief, Alexei Tupolev, on the design for the Tu-144 supersonic passenger aircraft, and had the title of Deputy Chief Designer.
Using the expertise developed on the production of the Tu-144, Bliznyuk worked to develop the Tu-160, a supersonic bomber which incorporated a number of features developed and perfected on the Tu-144.
Bliznyuk was appointed Chief Designer and head of the Tu-160 project in 1975, and shepherded the design through to its first test flight in 1981, and its acceptance into service with the Soviet Air Force in 1987.
Born on 12 April 1928 in the village of Malorossiyskoe, in what was then the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, in the Soviet Union, Bliznyuk entered the S. Ordzhonikidze Moscow Aviation Institute after graduating from high school.
While studying, he joined the Tupolev design bureau as a design engineer in 1952, before graduating from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1953.
Under the direction of , Bliznyuk worked on several of the designs drawn up by the bureau during the 1950s; including the Tu-91 turboprop tactical strike aircraft, the Tu-95 and Tu-98 strategic bombers, the Tu-105 prototype for the Tu-22 supersonic long-range bomber, and the Tu-107, a prototype military transport aircraft.
In the late 1950s the Tupolev bureau formed a new unit under Alexei Tupolev to direct research into unmanned aerial vehicles.
From 1957 until 1972 Bliznyuk directly supervised the development of several new unmanned aerial systems; including the Tu-121 supersonic strategic strike aircraft, and the Tu-123, Tu-141 and Tu-143 reconnaissance drones.
The technical breakthroughs involved in this work allowed Tupolev to design and build the Tu-144, an early supersonic passenger aircraft, which first flew in 1968.
Bliznyuk started as head of the brigade, and then became head of the General Views department, with the title of Deputy Chief Designer.
He eventually rose to head of the design department, incorporating many of the design features and lessons learnt from the Tu-144 into the development of the long-range supersonic Tu-22M bomber and its many variants.
Bliznyuk took part in the preliminary designwork for the Tu-160 during the late 1960s and early 1970s, which resulted in the variable-sweep wing design as used on the Tu-144.
Bliznyuk oversaw the coordination of the different companies and elements involved in the design and construction work, as well as the construction of prototypes and their testing and refinement.
Hubert Kaufhold (born March 19, 1943 in Braunschweig, Germany) is a German legal scholar and judge, with special research interests in the languages and legal history of the Christian Orient.
Kaufhold studied law (1962-1966) at the University of Münster, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and the University of Göttingen from 1962-1966.
After passing his first state examination as a lawyer, he continued his study of the Philology of the Christian Orient, Semitic Studies, and Judaism at the University of Göttingen and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from 1966 to 1969.
From 1969 to 1970 he was a research assistant at the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
After completing the Dr. iuris degree in 1973 (with a dissertation on the legal collection of Gabriel, the 9th century Nestorian Metropolitan of Baṣra), and passing his second state examination as a lawyer in that year also, Kaufhold served as a public prosecutor and judge in Munich from 1973 to 2008.
Since 1977, he has regularly taught Syriac and the legal history of the Christian Orient at the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research, where he held the title of Honorary Professor since 1986.
From 1997-2015, he was a member of the Commission for the Editing of the Corpus of Greek Documents of the Middle Ages and Modern Times (since 2010: the Commission for Greek and Byzantine Studies) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.
He undertook additional study in canon law (2007-2010) at the Klaus Mörsdorf Study Program in Canon Law (Das Klaus-Mörsdorf-Studium für Kanonistik) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and was awarded a licentiate of canon law (Lic.
The 2020 South Korean Figure Skating Championships were held from January 3–5, 2020 at the Uijeongbu Indoor Ice Rink in Uijeongbu.
He brought together and helped preserve one of the most important collections of ancient Syriac manuscripts, which is still of critical importance to scholars today.
He acquired for the monastery a 6th-century copy of the Peshitta, the Syriac Bible, from a family of Tikrit in 906 or 907.
The screens separating the sanctuary and the choir from the nave in the main church were put up during his abbacy.
In 925, the new governor to Egypt, Takin al-Khazari, imposed the poll tax on Christians who had until then been exempt (bishops, monks and the infirm).
To protest this change of policy, the monasteries of Egypt elected Moses of Dayr al-Suryan to be their envoy to the Caliph al-Muqtadir in Baghdad.
He went east with a delegation around 926 or 927 and remained there for five years, navigating the caliphal bureaucracy and acquiring books for his monastic library.
Most of these were distributed to western libraries in the 18th and 19th centuries, and only a small portion of the collection remains in Dayr al-Suryan today.
The latest mention of Moses as abbot is found in a note to another Syriac biblical manuscript in the British Library, Add MS 14525, which dates to 943 or 944.
The Union nationale des associations de défense des familles et de l'individu is a French association, which groups and coordinates regional ADFIs (Associations for the defense of families and the individual), the first of which has was created in 1974.
Recognized as a public utility since 1996, a founding member of FECRIS, long chaired by former deputy Catherine Picard, co-author of the About-Picard law, the current president is Joséphine Cesbron.
The Coordination des associations de particuliers pour la liberté de conscience is a French association created in August 1998, which aims to defend freedom of conscience, religion and belief.
Since August 2016, the CAP LC has been recognized by United Nations Economic and Social Council as an NGO in special consultative status with the ONU.
He then studied for a doctorate on Carlo Braccesco under Roberto Longhi, editing the critical edition of Braccesco's work, published in 2008.
He was curator of the Museo Adriano Bernareggi in Bergamo from 2000 to 2018 and from 2019 onwards has taught art history at Salento University.
Esther 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter records that Esther's risky behavior to appear uninvited before the king Ahasuerus is richly rewarded, because the king generously offers to give her whatever she wants, 'even to the half of my kingdom' (5:3), but Esther cleverly asks for nothing more than an opportunity to entertain her husband and his chief officer, Haman.
Both men were pleased at her hospitality, but when the king again offers her half the empire, this time she requests only a second banquet.
While Haman was happy to have been entertained by the queen, he became intensely distressed when Mordecai once more refused to bow down before him.
Haman's wife, Zeresh, advised him to erect a monumental gallows intended for Mordecai, and only then Haman felt happy again to look forward to Esther's second banquet.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
Esther was immediately successful in her approach: the king extended his scepter as a sign of clemency and promised to grant her wish up to half of his kingdom.
However, she didn't use this opportunity to avert the decree of genocide and instead invited the king and Haman to a dinner party.
This pericope shows that Haman is a dangerous foe who was constantly full of wrath for being worsted by his inferior, Mordecai, so he planned to butcher the whole population of Jews to appease his own sense of inferiority.
Haman would not enjoy all his honors as long as there was one Jew who did not give him the customary respect he wanted.
His friends understood that Haman wanted not only Mordecai dead, but also be humiliated publicly, so they suggested the setting up of high gallows for Mordecai to appease Haman.
Nonetheless, Modercai's continued defiance against Haman is 'enigmatic', as he still held it while knowing that his action has placed the Jews in great mortal danger.
The Petit lac Métascouac is a freshwater body crossed by the Métascouac River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Petit lac Métascouac is indirectly served by a few secondary forest roads for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Petit lac Métascouaci is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of the Métascouac River (coming from the north by Lake Ouelette) and an unidentified stream.
The one-seeded dry fruit initially flattened becoming more or less swollen at maturity, long with small warty protuberances on the surface.
The 2019–20 Big East Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2019, followed by the start of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November.
Throughout the season, the Big East Conference named a player of the week and a freshman of the week each Monday.
Due to Ryeland's anti-government actions in the past, the Plan of Man Computer deems him to be a security risk, so he is forced to wear a bomb-equipped collar, which he is hoping to be able to remove.
Essam Abdul Mohsen Al-Marzouq () is a former head of Boursa Kuwait and a board member of state-run Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) and the current oil minister in Kuwait.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
In December 1944, she was listed as homeported at St. Pierre et Miquelon with the RCN North-West Atlantic Command, Newfoundland Force (Administered by F.O.N.F., St. John's) French Motor Launches, Free French Navy.
Katsura was admitted to the Itabashi Hospital at the Nihon University School of Medicine, where he died on 1 January 2020 of acute myeloid leukemia.
Though it voted for both Donald Trump and Mitt Romney, the 13th district is the most Democratic-leaning district in the Senate.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 1st congressional district, and overlaps with the 49th, 50th, and 51st districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The Official Audio Streaming Chart (previously the Official Streaming Chart) is a music chart based on plays of songs through audio streaming services (including Spotify, Deezer, Google Play Music, Apple Music and Tidal) in the United Kingdom.
This uses the same streaming sources as the Official Audio Streaming Chart to measure how many times albums have been streamed each week.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
The winner of the preliminary round joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1991.
The Island is an island in the Bear River, at the head of Cutler Reservoir, near Cache Junction in Cache County, Utah.
He represented Colombia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In total he won two medals, both at the 2016 Summer Paralympics: the gold medal in the men's javelin throw F34 event and the bronze medal in the men's shot put F34 event.
In total he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's discus throw F32/33/34 event and the silver medal in the men's shot put F32/33/34 event.
At the 2013 World Championships held in Lyon, France he won the bronze medal in the men's javelin throw F33/34 event.
Two years later at the 2015 World Championships held in Doha, Qatar he won three medals: the silver medal in both the men's discus throw F34 and men's javelin throw F34 events and the bronze medal in the men's shot put F34 event.
In 2017 he won gold in the men's javelin throw F34 event and bronze in the men's shot put F34 event.
In the men's javelin throw F34 event at the 2019 World Championships he won the gold medal with a distance of 35.25m.
The lac Saint-Henri is a freswater body crossed by the Métabetchouane River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada]].
The surface of Lake Saint-Henri is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of the Métabetchouane River (coming from the southeast by Lake Hugh), riparian streams, the outlet of Lake Desève, the outlet of Lake Gagné and the outlet of Lake Roublard.
Christopher Karl Salat (born July 1976), also known professionally as BeZerK One is an American graffiti artist, virtual reality artist, and turntablist.
After spending time in the visual arts, Salat shifted focus and joined the Band A>S>H>S or Audible Stellar Hypnotic Situations as the frontman, using samples with turntables to narrate the musical atmospheres.
He attended The University of Advancing Technology, majoring in video game environmental design, and later adding cybersecurity to his study agenda.
The Official Vinyl Singles Chart is a weekly record chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on behalf of the music industry in the United Kingdom.
This is a list of the singles which have been number one on the Official Vinyl singles Chart since it was set up in April 2015.
The story revolves around a priest specializing in exorcisms and his adopted son, abandoned during his childhood by a Mennonite group.
The life of the exorcists will change when they meet the Cuevas family and face the demon that persecutes the eldest daughter.
The Teachers' League of South Africa (TLSA) was an organization for coloured teachers founded in Cape Town in June of 1913.
The group, while originally focused on issues surrounding education, became increasingly political in the mid-1940s and started to agitate against apartheid.
One of the founding members was Harold Cressy and the African Political Organization (APO) laid the foundations that allowed TLSA to grow.
Maureen E. Neitz is an American ophthalmologist whose research includes work on color vision and color blindness and the prevention of nearsightedness.
Neitz earned a bachelor's degree in molecular biology from San Jose State University in 1979, and a PhD in biochemistry and molecular biology from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1986.
After continuing at UC Santa Barbara as a postdoctoral researcher, she joined the faculty at the Medical College of Wisconsin in 1991.
They married in 1981 and began working together in ophthalmology in 1986, bringing together expertise in neuroscience from Jay and genetics from Maureen.
Leadership elections occur when there is a vacancy, due to the death or resignation of the incumbent, and may potentially be held if the leadership is declared vacant as the result of a leadership review vote at a national convention held following a general election that did not result in the party forming, or remaining in, government.
Voting has been conducted on a one member one vote basis using a ranked ballot; however votes are calculated so that each electoral district had equal weight with each electoral district allocated 100 points.
This system is a compromise between the pure One Member One Vote system used by the Canadian Alliance and a weighted system used by the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada; the two parties merged to form the Conservative Party in 2003.
Nicoll says the world-building of the authors is more interesting that the story; however, he says that even this well-designed world is not given much exposure in the book.
in Mechanical Engineering in Worcester Polytechnic Institute and in 1985 an M.B.A. at The Amos Tuck School at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.
His brother, Juan Carlos Navarro (politician) is the former Mayor of Panama City, who ran for President in 2014 Panamanian general election.
From 1994 to 1999 he was director of the Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities in Los Angeles and from 1999 to 2010 of the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa.
He is also a member of the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno and the Comitato scientifico of the European Research Council.
Born in Rosarno, he graduated in classical archaeology from the University of Pisa as a student of the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa in 1963.
Settis, who was known as a scholar of ancient and Renaissance art, was a Getty consultant and scholar before joining the staff of the Los Angeles, California, museum in 1994.
Settis left that position in January 1999, announcing that he would return to his former position as a professor of classical archaeology at the Scuola Normale Superiore.
The unification of the municipalities of Karf and Bobrek was proclaimed in 1928, the result was the creation of the Bobrek-Karf Municipality.
Donta Hall (born August 7, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Grand Rapids Drive of the NBA G League.
Hall grew up in Luverne, Alabama and attended Luverne High School, playing on the Tigers' junior varsity team in eighth grade.
He was named first team Class 2A All-State after averaging 11.7 points, 10.1 rebounds and 6.7 blocks per game during his junior season as he led Luverne to a 24-2 record and the State final.
Hall was rated the 81st best player in his class by ESPN and committed to play college basketball at Alabama at the end of his junior year over offers from UAB, Mississippi State and Troy.
As a senior, Hall averaged a triple-double with 22.6 points, 18.1 rebounds and almost 12 blocks per game and was named the Class 2A Player of the Year in addition to being named first team All-State.
He entered the starting lineup for the Crimson Tide in December of his sophomore season, averaging six points, 5.5 rebounds and 1.4 blocks over 34 games (20 starts).
As a junior, Hall set an Alabama single-season record, led the SEC, and finished second in the nation with a 72.6 field goal percentage while averaging 10.6 points per game and leading the team with 2.0 blocks (5th in the SEC) and 6.6 rebounds per game and was named to the SEC All-Defensive team.
Hall led the SEC with 8.8 rebounds per game as a senior while also averaging 10.5 points and 1.6 blocks per game.
Hall finished his collegiate career with 1,014 points, 850 rebounds, and 228 blocked shots (seventh-most in Alabama history) in 135 games played with 85 starts.
Hall played in the 2019 NBA Summer League as a member of the Detroit Pistons roster and averaged 16.8 minutes, 6.0 points, 5.4 rebounds, 1.6 assists, 1.0 steal and 2.2 blocks per game.
Hall was waived by the Pistons on October 20, 2019 and subsequently joined the team's NBA G League affiliate, the Grand Rapids Drive, as an affiliate player.
His first appearance was as third base umpire at Fenway Park for the game between the Boston Red Sox and California Angels on August 25, 1978, when major league umpires staged a one-day walk-out.
His second and final appearance was as second base umpire at Fenway for the opening day game between the Red Sox and Cleveland Indians on April 5, 1979, during the 1979 Major League umpires strike.
Clement was inducted into the Cape Cod Baseball League hall of fame in 2002, and in 2004 the league established the Curly Clement Award to annually honor officiating excellence.
The nine songs were recorded between September-October, 1991 at Estudios Panda, Buenos Aires, and mixed at Sound City Studios, Los Angeles.
Her work is included in the collections of the Akron Art Museum, the Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Pylewell Park is a country house and park near Lymington in Hampshire, England and is the ancestral home to the Roper-Curzon family since 1879.
The Roper-Curzon family is one of the oldest English family’s with a long history of political involvement since the Norman Conquest.
Today, the House of Roper-Curzon and House of Windsor are related through Lady Teynham, Elizabeth Roper-Curzon and her cousin Sara Ferguson, Duchess of York, aunt to Princess Eugenie and Princess Beatrice.
It dates back to the 12th century where Knights Templar Preceptor occupied it which was located on the Baddesley Manor site.
From 1787 to 1801 Thomas Robbins bought the park and removed most of the formal gardens elements and introduced ornamental walks and informal schemes of parkland.
Joseph aged 25 years when he acquired Pylewell and since then he actively dealt with all affairs of the estate up to 1828.
More improvements continued including the avenue of southern Solent in additional to lay grounds in the formal garden and this occurred in the early eighteen century.
A circular parterre was included in the house of the southeast as more land was bought in the school village of Baddesley.
Before 1874 when William Ingham Whitaker acquired the Pylewell estate, it was owned by nearly four more owners including Mr. Thomas Robins, Thomas Weld, Joseph Weld, and Joseph Worker.
As soon as he acquired the estate, he added a new lodge and drive among other important changes to the house.
The house has a sea aspect as well as countryside sweeping views because it is set in 1500 acres, with a private beach, a 15-acre lake and house gardens of 27 acres.
The Bears finished with a very good record of 4–1–1 and, with their only loss coming against a non-collegiate opponent, the Bears could lay claim to the Intercollegiate championship (though there were only four active college programs).
In 1913, the anarchist Peter Kropotkin had noted that the society's work with regards to the liberation of slaves in the Caucasus was extraordinary and impressive.
Work from this society has been reused and republished within academic circles as late as 1985, in regards to its studies of family life in Syria.
In 2019 he qualified to represent Iraq at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the bronze medal in the men's javelin throw F41 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Xawaadley is a town in the Middle Shabelle region of Somalia which is also a member state of Hirshabelle, The town is mainly inhabited by the Xawaadle clan.
He is best known for his exploration and mapping of the rivers of the Madre de Dios region in Peru and Bolivia.
He returned to Wisconsin in 1853 via Nicaragua, and was said to have protected himself on the journey with two six-shooters and a Bowie knife.
When Root went to South America in 1869 as American Minister to Chile, Heath accompanied him as secretary of the delegation.
Heath returned to the United States in 1878, following Meiggs’ death and the takeover of the railway by the government of Chile.
Professor James Orton of Vassar College undertook to explore the length of the Beni River in 1876, but was unsuccessful; he died while on the exploration.
He was named an Honorary Member of the Royal Geographical Society in 1883, and also was active in the American Geographical Society and the National Geographic Society.
He participated in the 1916 talks of the League to Enforce Peace, and served as Kansas City Counsel for Nicaragua, Guatemala and Bolivia.
He died in Kansas City, Missouri on October 27, 1932 at the age of 93, and is buried in Elmwood Cemetery.
It used to be as the seat of the local government of the Schomberg Municipality (Until 1945), and later the Gmina Chruszczów (1945-1951).
In front of the town hall used to be a memorial of the casualties of the First World War from Szombierki (then Schomberg), a Russian mortar captured in Kaunas.
The Panorama Trail is a marked hiking trail in Yosemite National Park that descends along the south wall of Yosemite Valley from Glacier Point, past several major waterfalls, to Happy Isles.
From Nevada Falls, the trail is concurrent with the Mist Trail as it continues west along the Merced River, past Vernal Falls, to its northern trailhead at Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley.
Restrooms are available at the Glacier Point trailhead, along the trail above Nevada Fall and Vernal Fall, and at the Vernal Fall footbridge just east of Emerald Pool.
A shuttle bus from Yosemite Valley to Glacier Point is available for a fee from June to October, when Glacier Point Road is open.
The bus leaves the Yosemite Lodge at 8:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. and takes a little over an hour to get to Glacier Point.
The Métascouac South River is a tributary of the eastern bank of the Métascouac River, flowing in the central west part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Métascouac South River (except the rapids areas) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
It is fed by the outlet (coming from the south-east) from Lyre lake and the outlet (coming from the north) from an unidentified lake.
The toponym Rivière Métascouac Sud was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
While Brown continued to play most of their games on the road, the men's team did play their first game at home, hosting Harvard on the first of February.
It was shot in Surfers Paradise, with Bruning using several collaborators he had worked with on his TV shows such as director Bill Hughes.
On her third she carried King Kamehameha II of Hawaii, Queen Kamāmalu, and a number of their retainers and Hawaiian notables to England.
When he sailed back to England, Starbuck brought with him King Kamehameha II of Hawaii, Queen Kamāmalu, and a party of ten notables and retainers.
It is located along Parish Road 39 (also known as Richardson Loop), about northeast of Homer, somewhat to the north of Louisiana State Highway 9.
After beginning their program with two winning seasons, the men's hockey team had a dreadful third year, losing 5 of their seven games and being hopelessly outmatched in those games.
The Small Arms Magazine at Enoggera is one of the two oldest buildings at the Gallipoli Barracks, formerly known as Enoggera Army Camp.
Built in 1910, it served as a secure storage facility for rifle and pistol ammunition, in association with the rifle range and the nearby School of Musketry.
It was responsible for the training of thousands of Queenslanders for service in World War I and World War II, and subsequent conflicts.
It is believed that British Imperial troops, based at Bulimba on the southern bank of the river, used the area for training exercises from as early as 1855.
Rifle and training ranges, including the old Toowong Rifle Range, were established there and subsequently used by civilian groups such as the Queensland Rifle Association and the Queensland defence forces, including volunteer militia.
After Federation in 1901 the Australian Government became responsible for defence matters, although a fully coordinated national defence force did not arise for a number of years.
Once Commonwealth military units began to be established in earnest, the government began to acquire property on a large-scale to facilitate training and accommodation of its forces.
The first major improvement made by the Commonwealth was the development of a new rifle range, with mounds targets and shelter sheds.
The initial rifle range development at the site was followed by a prolonged period of initial development of the site, dating into the 1920s.
The School of Musketry, Small Arms Magazine Store and to Cordite Magazines were erected in 1910 as part of a functional complex associated with the rifle range.
In the years since this period the site has been constantly developed and expanded in line with the Army's changing requirements, although many of the earliest buildings have survived with their authenticity and integrity largely intact.
The site was used by the Association in the 1850s and 1860s, but another site at Toowong was favoured by the club by the time the Commonwealth acquired the Enoggera properties.
As soon as 1908 the rifle association had returned to Enoggera, seemingly sharing the facilities with the military for a number of years.
Both buildings, as well as numerous other early buildings at the complex, were designed by Thomas Pye, Deputy Government Architect of the Queensland Public Works Department, under the supervision of Government Architect A.
From the early 1890s until the end of World War I the Queensland Government Architect's office was prolific in its output of new public buildings for both the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments.
In the early post-Federation years the Queensland Public Works Department often constructed new buildings on behalf of the Commonwealth, which had insufficient resources to undertake many new projects.
A talented team of architects was on hand at various times during this time, including Brady, Pye and John Smith Murdoch.
During his tenure as Chief Architect, Southern Division and then Deputy Government Architect, Pye designed or supervised plans for a number of Queensland's more prominent public buildings of the Federation period, including the Rockhampton Customs House, the Stanthorpe and Woolloongabba Post Offices and Naval Offices in Brisbane.
Trainees receiving instruction at the School of Musketry would have been allocated ammunition at the Small Arms Magazine prior to heading out to the range for firing practice.
The importance of the rifle range and other live firing facilities at Enoggera is illustrated in the Army base's contribution to Australia's preparations for multiple military conflicts, including two World Wars.
It has a simple, gable hipped, galvanized iron roof, with a conical ventilator fleche, connected to the internal spaces via ventilation grilles.
The front access doors are metal, leading to a central passageway from which two main rooms, for the storage of ammunition are served.
As late as the early 1980s a timber counter was in place, from behind which ammunition would be distributed, but this has since been removed.
Some internal fittings, such as ammunition cupboards, have been removed, but a strong interpretation of the building's original function is possible.
Along with numerous other early buildings at Enoggera, the Small Arms Magazine also highlights early relationships between the Commonwealth and State, having been designed and built by the Queensland Government on the behest of the Commonwealth.
The Small Arms Magazine is an important and intact example of a small arms ammunition storage building and although it is no longer used for its original purpose, its current appearance strongly illustrates its former use.
The design of the building, by Thomas Pye, Queensland's Deputy Government Architect, demonstrate the quality and variety of government buildings designed by Pye and his colleagues, for both State and Commonwealth, in the Federation period.
He adapted the main building in around 1850 and sold most of the land off in lots prior to his death in 1852.
One of the first buildings in the street was a house built for xylographer Axel Kittendorff to designs by Johan Daniel Herholdt in 1852 (now demolished).
During the occupation of Denmark in World War II, on 19 September 1943, the company was subject to sabotage by members of the BOPA resistance movement.
The 2020 PEI Scotties Tournament of Hearts Women's Championship, the women's provincial curling championship for Prince Edward Island, was held from January 8 to 12 at the Montague Curling Rink in Montague, Prince Edward Island.
The winning Suzanne Birt rink will represent Prince Edward Island at the 2020 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
Summa Group is a Russian independent group of companies holding port logistics, engineering, construction, the telecommunications and oil and gas sectors assets.
Companies of the group, which are present in almost 40 regions of Russia and abroad, employ more than 10 thousand people.
Among the assets controlled by Sumy: NCSP Group (25%, the Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port is a part of the group), FESCO Transport Group (32.5%), Yakutsk Fuel and Energy Company (over 90%), SUIproekt, telecommunication National Telecom, operator of the terminal in the port of Rotterdam Shtandart TT BV (100%), engineering and construction companies Stroynovatsiya and Transengineering.
From 2011 and until February 13, 2019, Summa owned a 50% package minus one share of the United Grain Company received as a result of the 2012 privatization, carried out by Summa Group president Alexander Vinokurov, who held this post in 2011-2013.
On March 31, 2018, Ziyavudin Magomedov, the head of company, was detained for two months by a decision of the Tverskoy court of the city of Moscow, until May 30, on suspicion of theft of 2.5 billion rubles at the head of a criminal organization.
The criminal case was the first in the history of the Russian Federation, when the investigation considered the business group a as criminal community, some media compared it in scale with the Yukos case.
Leyla Mammadzade, who was one of the key figures in the company and managed the assets of Summa Group through the board of directors, announced in January 2020 that she would leave the company this year.
It is scheduled to began on May 21, 2019, in Albuquerque, New Mexico and finish on September 12, 2020, in Nashville, Tennessee.
It is affiliated with both the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University and Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, and is a member of Hackensack Meridian Health.
The hospital has a comprehensive list of pediatric specialties and subspecialties including adolescent medicine, audiology, cardiology, dermatology, developmental medicine, endocrinology, emergency services, gastroenterology, genetics, hematology, nephrology, neurology, oncology, orthopedics, otolaryngology, pulmonology, rheumatology, and urology.
The Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital received a Top 50 national ranking in Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery in U.S. News & World Report’s 2017-18 Best Children’s Hospitals.
In 2020 the hospital was listed as the number one children's hospital in New Jersey by U.S. News & World Report.
The hospital is also accredited by the ANCC as a nurse magnet hospital because of its commitment to the advancement of nursing.
This is a list of dramatic television series (including web television and miniseries) that premiered in the 2020s which feature lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender characters.
Note: Harvard University did not formally adopt Crimson as its moniker until 1910 but the student body had uniformly been associated with the color since 1875.
Callistratus of Carthage and his forty-nine companions were Christian martyrs executed at Rome during the Diocletianic persecution (303–311) now commemorated as saints in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
He was caught praying by some pagan comrades and hauled before the military tribune, who ordered him to offer sacrifices to the pagan gods.
He was rescued by a dolphin and, once ashore, preached the Gospel to the 49 soldiers who had witnessed his miraculous survival.
Callistratus and/or his companions are depicted in the Church of the Metamorphosis, the monasteries of Meteora and Cozia and in bust form in the church of Pelinovo.
Murat Abenuly Aitkhozhin (, Russian: Мурaт Абенович Айтхoжин) (29 June 1939 - 19 December 1987) was a Kazakh Soviet molecular biologist.
From 1967 to 1969 he was a senior research fellow at the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, and became head of the laboratory in 1969.
In the same year he was awarded the most important prize of the USSR - the Lenin Prize for the discovery of a special class of ribonucleoprotein particles - informosomes.
In 1978, he became the director of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, and was elected as a Corresponding Member of the Academy the following year (1979).
On 22 April 1986, Aitkhozhin was elected as President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, a post in which he served until his death in 1987. .
He lectured in molecular biology at the Faculty of Biology of KazGU, and these lectures attracted students, trainees and graduate students of not only the biological faculty, but also other faculties of KazGU.
Aitkhozhin was engaged in the search and study of the physicochemical properties of informosomes in plant cells in the group of academician A.S. Spirin.
In 1987, he organized the Kazakh Agricultural Biotechnology Center, where work is carried out on cell and genetic engineering of plants.
Murat Aitkhozhin first introduced the course of molecular biology and a number of special courses for students of the biological faculty of the Kazakh State University.
Under the leadership of Aitkhozhin, a set of instruments for the automation of molecular biological experiments was developed, which was protected by 15 copyright certificates and 16 patents in leading countries.
Murat Aitkhozhin was a member of the Soviet Peace Fund, and was appointed Chairman of the Republican branch of the Soviet Peace Fund in 1981.
He was a delegate to the XXVII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and was elected as a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1984.
He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Fund in 1987 as well as the Order of the Friendship of Peoples.
His time in Frankfurt - where Wehrli studied as a fellow student of Paul Hindemith after winning the Frankfurt Mozart Prize in 1914, and where he met his future wife, the singer Irma Bartholomae - was of particular influence on his musical development.
In 1918 Wehrli took up a position as a music teacher at the Aargauischen Lehrerinnenseminar (today ) and held it until his death in 1944.
Since the twenties his reputation has grown steadily, which was expressed in performances of his song cycles and chamber music works at the annual Tonkünstlerfests, in performances of his stage works and repeated commissions for highly esteemed music.
The 2019 Auckland local board elections were held as part of the 2019 Auckland local elections;149 members were elected to local boards.
The 2019–20 Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks men's basketball team represent the University of Maryland Eastern Shore in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Hawks, led by 1st-year head coach Jason Crafton, play their home games at the Hytche Athletic Center in Princess Anne, Maryland as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
On April 24, 2019, it was announced that Jason Crafton, assistant coach of the Delaware Blue Coats, the NBA G League affiliate of the Philadelphia 76ers, would be named head coach, meaning that the team would not retain interim head coach Clifford Reed.
The Forty-Nine Martyrs of Scetis were Christian monks of the monasteries of Scetis in Egypt who were massacred by Berbers during a raid in 444.
Arsenius the Great fled to Canopus at about this time owing to raids by the Berber Mazices, while Nestorius was released from his imprisonment during a Blemmyan attack on the Kharga Oasis.
The raid on Scetis also took place amidst a dispute between the monks and the Emperor Theodosios II over the emperor's desire for a male heir.
Over three years earlier, the emperor wrote to the monks asking for their prayers, but the monk Isidhurus wrote back that God would deny him a son because of his heresy (dyophysitism).
According to the accounts of the Forty-Nine Martyrs, he was pressed by some advisers and by his sister Pulcheria to divorce her and remarry.
The monks then composed a response to the emperor and Artemios and Dios had begun their return journey when the raiders arrived.
Artemios and Dios were also killed after Dios reportedly saw the monks receiving the heavenly crowns of martyrdom and convinced his father to turn back and share their fate.
It allowed life at Scetis to return to normal immediately after the raiders had retired because their was no general dispersal of monks as in prior attacks.
According to a late Arabic biography of Saint Pishoy, the raiders stopped at a spring near the monastery of Saint Pishoy to wash their swords and the spring was a source of miraculous healing thereafter.
Numerous miracles were reported at their grave and the Emperor Theodosios was so impressed that he built a martyrium for them in Constantinople.
It was reports of their holiness that supposedly motivated Hilaria, daughter of the Emperor Zeno, to become a nun at Scetis.
In 538, Patriarch Theodosios I of Alexandria had their relics moved to a different cave and a chapel built over them.
Following the Arab conquest of Egypt in 642, Patriarch Benjamin I visited their shrine and established the 5th of the month of Meshir in the Coptic calendar as their feast day.
The relics were moved again when the chapel fell into ruin and a final time in 1773 when a wealthy patron, Ibrahim al-Jawhari, built a new church for them at Dayr Anba Maqar.
The first consultation by Theodosios of the monks of Scetis is also mentioned in John of Nikiu's history (7th century), although he does not mention the second or the raid.
It is probable that Theodosios' consultation of the monks and the massacre were distinct events separated in time that became conflated in the hagiographical tradition.
SR-319 begins at US-40/US-189 at the Mayflower interchange (exit 8 on that highway) and proceeds to the east as a two-lane roadway with a center turn lane.
After entering the boundaries of Jordanelle State Park, it turns to the south and terminates at the state park fee booth.
In conjunction with the construction of the Jordanelle Reservoir in the late 1980s, a new state park was proposed on its western shore, with an access road connecting it to the new alignment of US-40/189.
Since the purpose of the new route would be to serve a state park, it was given a number in the 281-320 range.
On November 3, 1989, the Utah Transportation Commission approved the designation, which initially extended from US-40/189 east to the proposed boat ramp, a distance of ; however, the eastern had not been constructed at the time.
The King's Own Calgary Regiment Band is the regimental band of The King's Own Calgary Regiment based at Mewata Armoury in Calgary, Alberta.
The regimental band is an composed of volunteer members, all of whom have completed the Basic Military Qualification (BMQ) and many of whom have studied and trained at the Canadian Forces School of Music at CFB Borden.
It was established in 1910, it served as the official band of the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles), which was part of the Non-Permanent Active Militia.
Following the outbreak of the First World War, many musicians of the band volunteered for service with 50th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, where they continued to serves as musicians, as well as medical personnel, stretcher bearers and stick orderlies.
Unlike its service in the first war, the band did not deploy with the KOCR to Europe during the Second World War.
The band gained new members in 1963 with the official disbandment of the Band of the Calgary unit of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps that year.
In 1966, the band, then under the direction of Victor Wright, was dissolved by order of the Department of National Defense.
In June 1991, the band took part in the funeral of the John Michael Pierce, a British oil developer who died at a ranch in Turner Valley.
In May 2005, the band performed martial music at the Scotiabank Saddledome for Queen Elizabeth II during her visit to Calgary.
The 35-member band primarily performs as a concert and parade band and performs at military and provincial functions in the community.
Being based in Calgary, it has performed in the city's many activities, including the Calgary Stampede and the St. George’s Day parade.
It also performs during events that are held on the national scale, such as Remembrance Day services and Canada Day parades.
He served two stints as the head football coach at Albany State University in Albany, Georgia, from 1971 to 1976 and again from 1982 to 1999, and compiling a record of 157–90–4.
Hain was able to pass messages through methods such as by hiding notes inside onion layers or by restitching a shirt.
Their house was raided, sometimes during the night with the family in residence and they were followed by police vehicles when they drove.
During Nelson Mandela's trial in 1963, she was there, and the two would greet one another in the courtroom with a clenched fist.
Despite being banned, Hain continued to fight apartheid, helping to deliver messages to political prisoners and helping one person flee South Africa.
When her son, Peter Hain, was elected as a member of parliament in 1991, Hain began to work part-time for him at the House of Commons.
In college football, the term Group of Five is an informal term which refers to five athletic conferences whose members are part of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS).
The five conferences are American Athletic Conference (AAC), Conference USA (C-USA), Mid-American Conference (MAC), Mountain West Conference (MW), and Sun Belt Conference (Sun Belt).
The terms Group of Five and Power Five are not formally defined by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the precise origins of the terms are unknown.
A notable difference between the Group of Five and Power Five are designated areas of institutional autonomy granted to member institutions of the Power Five conferences.
The Group of Five is often considered inferior to the Power Five, as its constituent members do not have similar access to New Year's Six or College Football Playoff bowls.
Since 2014, a team from one of the Group of Five conferences is guaranteed a spot in one of the New Year's Six bowls.
Dolgoch slate quarry (also known as Dol-goch slate quarry) was a slate quarry in Mid Wales, approximately half way between Bryn-crug and Abergynolwyn ( away from each of them).
Although the quarry had favourable transportation arrangements compared to many quarries in the area, it was never worked on a significant scale, and was short-lived – opening in 1877 and closing in 1884.
Jones was a local prospector who opened many mines in the area; most of them were unsuccessful, with the exception of the Tonfanau stone quarry, near Tywyn.
Around the same time, the Cwm-Pandy quarry also opened, south-west of Dolgoch; many sources speculate that the openings of these quarries were related, although no evidence has been found to support these claims.
The Dolgoch quarry appears to have been successful, and in June 1880 was significant enough that the government's Chief Factory Inspector for North Wales added the quarry to the surrounding district.
Quarrying in the ravine was prohibited from 1902 onwards, under the terms of the sale of the ravine from Robert Jones Roberts to the Tywyn Urban District Council.
The final attempt was made to revive the quarry for a brief period in 1921, when there was a dispute between Sir Henry Haydn Jones, the manager & owner of Bryn-Eglwys quarry, and a group of quarry workers.
Covering an area of high ground within to the south and east of the county town Falkirk and south of Grangemouth, its core comprises a number of small villages including mining and quarrying communities, which have each expanded to form a near-contiguous acentric suburban environment.
Historically within Stirlingshire, most of the Braes villages fell under Grangemouth parish, while Laurieston was part of Falkirk parish and the south-east including Maddiston was in Muiravonside parish.
The largest village, with the majority of amenities such as health centre and library, is Polmont, but this is not at the geographical centre of the agglomeration and is itself spread over a wide territory, having grown in several places in different eras.
The centre could be argued to be west of Polmont at the site of the Meadowbank Colliery and Brickworks, nominally in Redding; due to its industrial history, it is one of the undeveloped parcels of land in the area.
In the 21st century speculative housebuilding, including on brownfield sites such as the Nobel explosives works, has continued to fill most of the gaps between the settlements, owing to the location falling roughly midway between Glasgow and Edinburgh with links to both cities via the railway network (at ) and motorways (M9) as well as employment locally at Falkirk and Grangemouth, which has been highlighted in marketing by developers.
In wider political contexts, as of 2019 the Braes falls wholly within the Falkirk East constituency at Holyrood, but at Westminster is divided between Linlithgow and East Falkirk and Falkirk.
The local secondary school, with approximately 1,000 pupils and six feeder primaries across the Upper Braes, is Braes High School, located in Reddingmuirhead (adjacent to HMYOI Polmont).
However, in the Lower Braes the eponymous primary schools in Laurieston, Westquarter and Whitecross, plus St Margaret's Primary in Polmont, are affiliated to Graeme High School in east Falkirk.
The team played the 2018 and 2019 seasons as the Hannibal Hoots, but only one of those seasons saw them use Hannibal, Missouri as their home; flooding of their stadium led the Hoots to play their 2019 home schedule in nearby Quincy, Illinois at the home stadium of the Quincy Gems.
The Hoots and other collegiate summer leagues and teams exist to give top college players professional-like experience without affecting NCAA eligibility.
The Hoots are a member of the West Division of the Prospect League along with the Cape Catfish, DuPage Pistol Shrimp, Normal CornBelters, Quincy Gems and Springfield Sliders.
On September 26, 2019, The Prospect League announced that the franchise would relocate from Hannibal to O'Fallon beginning with the 2020 season, playing their home games at CarShield Field.
Hannibal's previous team in the Prospect League, the Hannibal Cavemen, suspended operations after the 2016 season, leaving the city without a team for the 2017 season.
The league awarded a new franchise to Rick DeStefane, with the goal of returning to the field for the 2018 season.
The former School of Musketry is one of the two oldest buildings at the Gallipoli Barracks, formerly known as Enoggera Army Camp.
Built in 1910, it served as a small arms training facility, a military tactics school, a supply depot, officers residence and as married quarters.
It was responsible for the training of thousands of Queenslanders for service in World War I and World War II, and subsequent conflicts.
It is believed that British Imperial troops, based at Bulimba on the southern bank of the river, used the area for training exercises from as early as 1855.
Rifle and training ranges, including the old Toowong Rifle Range, were established there and subsequently used by civilian groups such as the Queensland Rifle Association and the Queensland defence forces, including volunteer militia.
After Federation in 1901 the Australian Government became responsible for defence matters, although a fully coordinated national defence force did not arise for a number of years.
Once Commonwealth military units began to be established in earnest, the government began to acquire property on a large-scale to facilitate training and accommodation of its forces.
The first major improvement made by the Commonwealth was the development of a new rifle range, with mounds targets and shelter sheds.
The initial rifle range development at the site was followed by a prolonged period of initial development of the site, dating into the 1920s.
In the years since this period the site has been constantly developed and expanded in line with the Army's changing requirements, although many of the earliest buildings have survived with their authenticity and integrity largely intact.
The site was used by the Association in the 1850s and 1860s, but another site at Toowong was favoured by the club by the time the Commonwealth acquired the Enoggera properties.
As soon as 1908 the rifle association had returned to Enoggera, seemingly sharing the facilities with the military for a number of years.
Both buildings, as well as numerous other early buildings at the complex, were designed by Thomas Pye, Deputy Government Architect of the Queensland Public Works Department, under the supervision of Government Architect A.
From the early 1890s until the end of World War I the Queensland Government Architect's office was prolific in its output of new public buildings for both the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments.
In the early post-Federation years the Queensland Public Works Department often constructed new buildings on behalf of the Commonwealth, which had insufficient resources to undertake many new projects.
A talented team of architects was on hand at various times during this time, including Brady, Pye and John Smith Murdoch.
During his tenure as Chief Architect, Southern Division and then Deputy Government Architect, Pye designed or supervised plans for a number of Queensland's more prominent public buildings of the Federation period, including the Rockhampton Customs House, the Stanthorpe Post Office, the Woolloongabba Post Office and the Naval Offices in Brisbane.
It was used for this purpose until 1939, with the onset of World War II, when it became the Northern Command Training School, which ran specialist courses in military tactics for personnel from all Army ranks.
After 1959 the building was adapted and converted into a residence for the senior RAEME Officer and by the late 1960s it had been adapted again as married quarters.
It is a single story red brick structure with a galvanised iron hipped gable roof with a pedimented entry and ventilated gable.
The roof extends to cover a concrete paved verandah which surrounds two thirds of the front wing of the building, the former lecture room.
The most striking external feature is a decorative ventilator fleche with a conical cap, placed at the apex of the roof, which is connected to ventilation grilles in each of the main rooms of the building.
The building is laid out in a symmetrical plan, with a main central lecture hall, and two wings to the left and right, leaving a small built-in courtyard to the rear.
The left hand wing was designed for offices, including a pay office, whilst the right wing was for the armoury and rifle racks.
Each of the main rooms was designed with a door that would open to the outside, while the roof and verandah provides shade to most rooms.
The building's function has changed several times during its life to date, necessitating some changes, but most of the permanent changes have been minor, while significant changes have been substantially reversed since the conversion from married quarters to chapel in 1982.
Externally there have been some modifications to fenestration, and internally alterations were carried out in 1960s to convert to married quarters including new bathroom, kitchen, and toilet.
The former School of Musketry, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, is significant as one of the two oldest substantial buildings at the former Enoggera Army Base.
The former School of Musketry, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, was built in 1910 and the building, along with the Small Arms Magazine and the Enoggera Magazine Complex, form a suite of buildings designed by Queensland Government Architect's office on behalf of the recently formed Commonwealth Government.
It is significant for its service to the Commonwealth as a training facility for the use of armaments in World War I, and for the education of troops in military tactics during World War II.
The building is one of the two oldest substantial buildings at the former Enoggera Army Base and may be one of the oldest buildings in Queensland built specifically for the Australian Army.
The building has strong integrity and authenticity, allowing for interpretation of its use as a military educational facility, whilst being well adapted to its present use as an Army chapel.
The symmetrical design and ornamental features, particularly the ventilation fleche are strongly linked with the original function of the structure, as well its climatic context.
The building is a good example of the many accomplished government structures designed by Queensland's Deputy Government Architect at the time, Thomas Pye, and other members of this office, during the Federation period.
Tannenbaum completed medical school (1994), additional training in geriatrics (2000), and a Master of Science degree in epidemiology and biostatistics (2002) at McGill University.
She is now a professor of medicine and pharmacy at the Université de Montréal, where she conducts research at the Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, and also is the director of the Canadian Deprescribing Network (CaDeN).
Tannenbaum was initially involved in the EMPOWER (Eliminating Medications Through Patient Ownership of End Results) trial, which is an educational intervention (using a theory-based patient handout) to engage older adults with their pharmacist or physician in discontinuing inappropriate medication.
The EMPOWER trial resulted in 27% of participants in the intervention group discontinuing their benzodiazepine use (compared with 5% of the control group) at six months.
Through this trial, Tannenbaum and her colleagues found that two-thirds of individuals who received EMPOWER handouts had taken it to their doctor or pharmacist, but in about half of these instances, the health care professionals discouraged deprescribing.
This prompted Tannenbaum to launch and oversee the D-PRESCRIBE clinical trial, which tested whether a pharmacist-led educational intervention could decrease the number of prescriptions issued for inappropriate medication among 489 older adults in Quebec.
The trial found that a pharmacist intervention resulted in greater medication discontinuation (43%) at six months than those receiving regular care.
Continence Across Continents To Upend Stigma and Dependency), which was a randomised controlled trial to test the effect of a continence promotion intervention on the urinary symptoms and quality of life in 910 women, aged 65 or older, in the United Kingdom, France and Canada (Alberta, Quebec).
So far, results from the women recruited from the UK indicate that participants in the combined intervention group had the highest rate of urinary symptom improvement, and that the recruitment rate for local community organizations was as high as 44%.
She has been awarded the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada's May-Cohen Gender Equity Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Betty Haven's Knowledge Transfer Prize in Aging, and is the Michel-Saucier Endowed Chair in Geriatric Pharmacology, Health and Aging.
After deciding to leave the industry, she enrolled at the California Institute of Integral Studies where she completed her bachelor's degree.
Nicholas also weaves current events into her astrological readings, and encourages her social media followers to take political action, such as contacting the FCC about Net Neutrality.
She has supported herself financially through her work since 2014; as of 2017, at least 12,000 customers had paid for one of her classes.
The 34th American Society of Cinematographers Awards will be held on January 25, 2020 at the Hollywood & Highland Ray Dolby Ballroom, honoring the best cinematographers of film and television in 2019.
The Spotlight Award recognizes outstanding cinematography in features and documentaries that are typically screened at film festivals, in limited theatrical release, or outside the United States.
The Enoggera Magazine Complex is important for its long-term and continuous association with the Enoggera Army Camp (since 1911), presently known as Gallipoli Barracks.
The magazine complex displays a strong ingenuity of design and construction adapted to the Queensland climate and safety requirements related to the storage of explosive materials.
It was responsible for the training of thousands of Queenslanders for service in both World War I and World War II, and subsequent conflicts.
It is believed that British Imperial troops, based at Bulimba on the southern bank of the river, used the area for training exercises from as early as 1855.
Rifle and training ranges, including the old Toowong Rifle Range, were established there and subsequently used by civilian groups such as the Queensland Rifle Association and the Queensland defence forces, including volunteer militia.
After Federation in 1901 the Australian Government became responsible for defence matters, although a fully coordinated national defence force did not arise for a number of years.
Once Commonwealth military units began to be established in earnest, the government began to acquire property on a large-scale to facilitate training and accommodation of its forces.
The acquisition amalgamated four separate properties: Thompson's Paddock, Rifle Paddock, Fraser's Paddock and Bell Paddock, comprising a total of 1235 acres.
The first major improvement made by the Commonwealth was the development of a new rifle range, with mounds targets and shelter sheds.
The initial rifle range development at the site was followed by a prolonged period of initial development of the site, dating into the 1920s.
In the years since this period the site has been constantly developed and expanded in line with the Army's changing requirements, although many of the earliest buildings have survived with their authenticity and integrity largely intact.
The site was used by the Association in the 1850s and 1860s, but another site at Toowong was favoured by the club by the time the Commonwealth acquired the Enoggera properties.
As soon as 1908 the rifle association had returned to Enoggera, seemingly sharing the facilities with the military for a number of years.
The Magazine Complex is a group of eight buildings which form a discrete complex on the eastern fringe of the army camp.
After the use of these shells was discontinued part way through World War II, the buildings were subsequently used as general-purpose ammunition and ordnance storehouses.
These magazines were designed primarily to house 18-pounder and 15-pounder artillery ammunition, hence their proximity to the cordite stores and the laboratory.
As with K16 and K18, their original purpose was superseded in World War II, and as a result they were used for storage of small arms ammunition and other ordnance.
While it appears of similar age and design to the magazine buildings it is considerably smaller and there is little available information as to its history or function.
The Enoggera Magazine Complex has been relatively unhindered or compromised in terms of its historical integrity by the forces of change and development.
Because of their original and ongoing function of storing explosive material, the complex has been left in a relatively isolated part of the military area due to safety requirements.
All of these buildings are believed to have been designed by Thomas Pye, then Deputy Government Architect of the Queensland Public Works Department, under the supervision of A.
From the early 1890s until the end of World War I the Queensland Government Architect's office was prolific in its output of new public buildings for both the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments.
In the early post-Federation years the Queensland Public Works Department often constructed new buildings on behalf of the Commonwealth, which had insufficient resources to undertake many new projects.
A talented team of architects was on hand at various times during this time, including Brady, Pye and John Smith Murdoch.
During his tenure as Chief Architect, Southern Division and then Deputy Government Architect, Pye designed or supervised plans for a number of Queensland's more prominent public buildings of the Federation period, including the Rockhampton Customs House, the Stanthorpe Post Office, the Woolloongabba Post Office, and the Naval Offices in Brisbane.
Explosives storage magazines and buildings are not uncommon as heritage buildings in Australia in general terms, but this particular complex is rare in a number of ways.
A large number of surviving powder magazines to be found in the Register of the National Estate or state/territory heritage lists date from the pre-1900 period, but the majority of these are non-military, predominantly associated with the mining industry.
There are several exceptions to this, however, one of the more notable of which is the 1878 Jack's Magazine in Footscray, Victoria.
It is possible that the Enoggera magazine complex was the first, and remains the only surviving, explosives magazine complex constructed by the Commonwealth (or by the State under Commonwealth direction) in the period between Federation and World War Two.
In addition, buildings K16 and K18 are probably the oldest surviving military buildings in Australia purpose built for the storage of cordite.
Cordite was not extensively adopted for military use in Australia until just before Federation, black gunpowder being used in the preceding period.
The magazine buildings at Irwin Barracks in Karakatta, Western Australia, were constructed by the Western Australian Government in 1898 with the purpose of handing them over to the Commonwealth at Federation, but were purpose built for storage of antiquated black powder and fuses, not cordite.
The two cordite magazines at Enoggera were in fact constructed prior to the Commonwealth's first cordite-processing explosives factory, at Maribyrnong in Melbourne.
It could be inferred from this that the Enoggera magazines were part of a complex strategy by the Commonwealth to develop an extensive explosives manufacturing and storage capacity.
A majority of the heritage buildings surviving in Australia associated with either the manufacture of explosives, particularly cordite, and the military storage of such, relate strongly to World War II.
These include the Frances Bay and Snake Creek magazines in the Northern Territory, and the Smithfield Magazine Area in South Australia.
Explosives manufacturing sites included the explosives factories at Salisbury, South Australia, and Leightonfield (now Villawood Immigration Depot), New South Wales and Albion in Victoria.
It is likely that the Enoggera Magazine Complex is the oldest Commonwealth explosives storage facility in Australia remaining in Commonwealth hands, having serviced Australian military needs for both World Wars and major conflicts since.
Its continuous use as a munitions storage facility since 1911 is made more significant by its status as one of the oldest sets of buildings in the Enoggera military area, which was one of the Commonwealth's first major purpose built Army bases, established in 1908.
The Enoggera magazine complex is set in an isolated part of the Gallipoli Barracks area, reflecting safety requirements in the event of accidental ignition of explosive materials.
The complex is designed and ideally suited for its immediate environment, making strong use of natural slopes and ridges to minimize explosion risks.
A single road, Inwood Road, runs directly through the centre of the group and a high-security fence guards the perimeter of the area.
There is also some landscape evidence of a trolley system running between magazine buildings and the laboratory, from the earlier periods of the site.
The views from the site, especially the sense of isolation, are significant in interpreting the past function of the site, although these are slightly impacted now by the recent construction of a military medical facility to the west of the site, although this is minimised by tree growth.
Although designed and built over a number of consecutive years, the buildings in the complex display a strong similarity in appearance and design, probably due to their shared purpose.
Nonetheless, three distinct group types can be discerned within the complex, which also reflect the batches in which they were built.
They face southwest, are set into the slope of the ridge and are situated at distance of 44 metres apart, to prevent an explosion in one magazine igniting the other.
The two cordite magazines are structurally almost identical, constructed using cavity brick walls and provided with a double roof to facilitate natural ventilation and insulation.
Each building is surrounded by an insulation corridor and verandah surrounded on three sides by a concrete berm set into the side of the slope.
Internally, the floors are float-finished concrete slabs coated with a gritless asphalt surface, which was apparently designed to reduce the chance of sparks emanating from hobnail boots.
The double ceilings feature an internal insulator of tongue and groove boards lined with asbestos sheeting supported by a frame of timber trusses.
Above this, each building has its corrugated iron roof frame, also lined with tongue and groove timber, supported by the building's walls.
The double roof and ventilation system provides an essential response to Brisbane's sub-tropical climate, providing a well-designed natural cooling and ventilation system.
It is set approximately 60 metres from the closest cordite store, building K16, and about 35 metres from the closest ammunition store, K35.
The building is slightly cut into gently sloping ground and although it is considerably smaller, it strongly reflects the style, composition and design of the earlier and later magazine buildings.
The interior is subdivided into three compartments by cavity red brick walls; a series of low arches at intervals along the walls denote receiving hatches for each room.
One of the key features of this building is the cartridge filling room, provided with weighing and work benches along one the walls.
The ammunition magazines (K33-37), constructed in 1913 and 1914, are spaced at intervals of 14.6m apart, sited and stepping up along a ridge to the south of the laboratory.
The design utilises the natural slope, with the magazines set into its side, in much the same way as K16 and K 18.
The front of each building is exposed fully at natural ground level, while the sides are built into the earthen bank.
Additional fill has been added to increase the natural ground level so that it is horizontally aligned with the tops of the magazine walls.
The Enoggera Magazine Complex, constructed between 1911 and 1915, is significant for its service as an explosives and munitions storage area for the Commonwealth defence forces, through two World Wars and numerous other conflicts until the present.
The Enoggera Magazine Complex, constructed between 1911 and 1915, is significant for its service as an explosives and munitions storage area for the Commonwealth defence forces, through two World Wars and numerous other conflicts until the present.
It is an integral component of the history of the Gallipoli Barracks, formerly Enoggera Army Base, which was Queensland's major military training base for much of the twentieth century.
The magazine complex, including the landscape, the cordite stores, the munitions stores (K33-37) and the explosives laboratory (K12), forms a complete and highly intact example of explosives storage methods from 1911.
The magazine complex is a good example of Pye's work and an important historic example of military construction undertaken by the State at the behest of the Commonwealth in the early post-Federation period.
The complex is possibly the oldest continuously used explosives storage area to have been constructed for the unified Commonwealth defence forces after Federation, reflecting the development of a Commonwealth munitions production capability in the years before World War One.
The integrity and authenticity of these designs is enhanced by the continuity of function and lack of active development of the buildings or their setting since 1911.
The location of the complex in an isolated pocket of the army base, the building of the magazines into the side of existing ridges and rises, and the safety distances between structures are a key feature of the landscape design.
The buildings themselves illustrate specific solutions to the functional and safety requirements of the site, including surrounding reinforced concrete berms, cavity brick construction, gritless asphalt floors, as well as a astute ventilation design, featuring wrap-around verandas, double roofing and ventilators along the length of the roofs.
Along with AB Brady and JS Murdoch, Pye was part of a prolific period of public works in Queensland between 1890 and 1920, to designs by the Queensland Government Architect's office on behalf of the State and the new Commonwealth.
It provides a measure to President of Pakistan acting on advice of Prime Minister of Pakistan to extend the tenure of Chief of Air Staff (COAS) by three years.
The book contains 420 pages, with 3 maps, 21 graphics and 18 black and white photo illustrations, a plan, 5 facsimiles and 65 epigraphic monuments from Latin, Greek, Slavic and Ottoman sources and a pointer of personal and geographical names.
It provides a measure to President of Pakistan acting on advice of Prime Minister of Pakistan to extend the tenure of Chief of Naval Staff (CONS) by three years.
Nathaniel William Werry (1847 – 26 May 1907) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Wellington between 1874 and 1884.
In 1871 his big hitting virtually won the match against Nelson on his own, scoring 15 not out and 22 not out, the two top scores in a match in which 35 wickets fell for 169 runs in one day.
His best innings came when the touring English team played three matches on the way home from Australia in 1888, including a match against a Wellington XXII.
There was insufficient time left after his innings for the English team to make the runs required to win, and the match was drawn.
He later served as a vice-president of the Wellington Cricket Association, and was also connected with several other sporting organisations in Wellington.
In 1878 he left his position as Record Clerk in the Public Works Department to take up the position of Chief Clerk in the Railway Department.
Spawning takes place during the winter, beginning in late August and ending in May, and appears to occur throughout the distribution of the species rather than a central location.
General Secretary Xi Jinping's kindness we never forget (), is a song praising Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, which is composed by Li Changping.
He most recently competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series and the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series for Mason Mitchell Motorsports, Cunningham Motorsports, and Athenian Motorsports in 2016.
After making his ARCA debut at Nashville, Mason Mitchell Motorsports announced that Boswell would run an additional six races with the team in the No.
When John Wes Townley got a concussion before the Truck Series race at Eldora, Boswell was selected to fill in for him that weekend in his Athenian Motorsports team's No.
Boswell ran one more race for the team at Homestead that year, when Townley was injured again, this time to his ankle.
He qualified in the top-10 (starting ninth) and finished 19th and on the lead lap at the end of the race.
That race ended up being Athenian Motorsports' last race because they ended up shutting down over the offseason when Townley announced his retirement from racing.
He is from Watkinsville, Georgia, which is the same town where John Wes Townley is from, which is the reason Townley picked him to fill in for him at the truck race at Eldora in 2016 when he was injured with a concussion.
In 2017, he joined the Shade Foundation as an ambassador for their foundation, which raises awareness to children about skin cancer and sun safety.
The reserve supports a diverse range of plant communities from estuarine, strand (including coastal marshes and pockets of rainforest), wetlands, heath, tall shrublands and woodlands, to the open forests of the sub-coastal hills and ranges.
The Wide Bay area is a military training area and has been used intensively by artillery regiments and infantry battalions employing armoured vehicles.
The Wide Bay area is the northernmost extension of the Cooloola sand dune mass, deposited intermittently with changing sea levels, over the last 150,000 years.
The oldest dunes, in the central portion of the Wide Bay area, have been weathered and partially inundated to form a low lying undulating landscape.
These wetter areas are known as wallum, and are dominated by open sedgeland and Banksia heathland, which grade into patchy forests and woodland on the upper dune slopes and crests.
The old dunes are underlain by coarse grained Triassic (200 million year old) sandstones which outcrop in the western section of the Wide Bay area in the form of dissected ridges of moderate relief.
The eastern section of the Wide Bay area consists of recent dunes less than 10,000 years old and tidal channels and flats.
The seaward side of the Wide Bay Area is continuous with the Great Sandy Strait region, which is heritage-listed in its own right.
As at 1988, the area was in good to excellent condition; however some areas have been disturbed by military exercises within the training areas, and at the settlement at Camp Kerr.
Some exotic cover crops are used by the army to minimise soil erosion following exercises but these have not as yet become invasive.
The Wide Bay Military Reserve supports a diverse range of plant communities from estuarine, strand (including coastal marshes and pockets of rainforest), wetlands, heath, tall shrublands and woodlands, to the open forests of the sub-coastal hills and ranges.
The intertidal areas are an integral part of the Great Sandy Strait, which is one of the most important wader habitats in Queensland.
Wide Bay Military Reserve was listed on the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004 having satisfied the following criteria.
Patches of coastal rainforest in the far north-east of the area are a valuable remnant of a once widespread coastal vegetation complex.
Vegetation communities within the area are of high integrity and diversity, and include closed to open forests, woodlands, heath species with shrubs and low trees with Wallum indicator species such as Banksia aemula, and B.robur, and littoral vegetation.
Communities of particular interest include: the estuarine/littoral vegetation sequence, representative of much of the coastal region of south-east Queensland, with mangrove forests, exposed salt pans, coastal marshes, and tea-tree swamps; and the coastal dune rainforest complex which has remained in unusually good condition due to its relative inaccessibility; the rainforest represents a complex that was once widespread along the Queensland coast.
Diamond X is notable for being where Brent Bell set the world record for disc golf's longest ace at 726 feet during the 2002 Big Sky State Games.
Mimmo (Domenico) Cozzolino is an Australian graphic designer and photo media artist best known for his gently satirical design and research on Australian historic trademarks.
With his father Michele, a printer, and mother Chiara, his family lived on the top floor of a 19th century palazzo.
The Cozzolino family disembarked in Melbourne and were transferred to the Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre and after his father found work in Melbourne as a letterpress machinist, quickly moved to rented rooms in Kensington and Fairfield then a house in Alphington.
In 1965 they commenced purchase of a Housing Commission house in West Heidelberg where Cozzolino attended the Technical School from which he graduated as dux of the school.
He studied for a civil engineering diploma at Preston College and there met art student Con Aslanis who was later to become his work partner.
Having passed the first year of civil engineering and being awarded a scholarship he instead enrolled in 1968 in the design diploma at Prahran College, taking photography as an elective.
In his final year in 1970 Cozzolino was awarded $1000 as the winner of the international Sugarmark competition, after coming second in a competition for a milk carton design earlier in the year.
He returned to Melbourne for a position as assistant to Eric Maguire, NAS Advertising, before starting his own business in partnership with Con Aslanis.
From late 1972 they traded as All Australian Graphics, for which Aslanis created their mascot and brand, the fictitious Greek man/Australian kangaroo hybrid ‘Kevin Pappas’.
The pair taught design at Phillip Institute of Technology, Bundoora, under Max Ripper and saved to spend 1974 backpacking, mostly together, in Southeast Asia and Europe.
On return to Australia in 1975, the Prahran College friends Izi Marmur and Geoff Cook joined the partners’ freelance studio renaming it All Australian Graffiti (AAG), joined a few months later at 20/562 St Kilda Road, Melbourne by Neil Curtis and Tony Ward (a former lecturer of theirs at Prahran).
In 1976 a further addition to the advertising design and illustration cooperative was Meg Williams, who had been taught by Cozzolino and Aslanis at Phillip institute.
Their number made the group the largest illustration design studio in Australia at the time, inviting comparison with the US Push Pin Studios.
For the promotion of their distinctively Greek-Australian profile, the group designed giveaways in the form of postcards, gingerbread biscuits in the shape of ‘Kevin Pappas’, a poster on an Anzac theme, and one to celebrate the Centenary of The Ashes being played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1977.
Cozzolino was photographed in a half-suit of kangaroo legs by Rennie Ellis and after a promotional tour of major cities, the costume made a reappearance on top-rating television.
The publicity effected a dramatic increase in business to a point where the pressure caused the group to break up, after which each resumed individual freelancing.
With savings and the financial and moral support of his wife Sue, Cozzolino devoted himself to a book project he had conceived as a student; to assemble a visual encyclopaedic survey of Australian historic trademarks.
He trawled state and national library collections and trademark registers to index the symbols of a majority of Australian brands, and with the help of volunteer assistants and a partner in advertising copywriter Fysh Rutherford they produced a design which they planned to self-publish.
After both hardback (1,000 copies) and paperback (14-15,000) were sold out within the first four years, the book was re-released in a revised colour edition in 1987.
After publishing a book that continued to generate interest well after 1980, Cozzolino joined David Hughes, with whom he lectured part time at RMIT to register Cozzolino Hughes Design (CHD) at a studio in South Melbourne, and received corporate design work from Shell.
There, he concentrated on negotiating with clients and management of projects rather than design; ‘I don’t relish the negotiating skills and organisational approach that you must take to any educational task, and major corporate projects are totally education tasks.
Through media appearances and in interviews and texts, Cozzolino continues to be consulted for perspectives and commentary on Australian symbols, design, language, and the migrant experience.
In 1987 Cozzolino joined with Wayne Rankin, Stephen Huxley and others in launching a national professional association for graphic designers Australian Graphic Design Association (AGDA).
Benjamin Gallagher (August 6, 1840 – March 23, 1900) was an American politician who served as the 1st Auditor of the Wyoming Territory as a Democrat.
In 1862 he moved to the Nebraska Territory where he was appointed as post trader at Fort McPherson and later to Cheyenne in the Wyoming Territory.
On May 25, 1869 he served as one of the Grand Jurors on the first court of Cheyenne and later ran as a member of the People's Party for city council before joining the Democratic Party.
He was appointed as Auditior of the Territory by Territorial Governor John Allen Campbell and took the oath of office on December 11, 1869 and served until June 4, 1870.
The mosque's street facade is marked by a doorway in the shape of a horseshoe arch, which is overshadowed by an ornately-carved wooden canopy.
The interior layout of the mosque features a small square courtyard flanked by galleries on two sides and by the main prayer hall to the south.
On 23 March 1918 he was elected as a member of the Western Australia Legislative Council, representing the Metropolitan Province until his death on 16 September 1941.
The council covers the following five territories in Kota Tinggi District: Pengerang, Tanjung Surat, Johor Lama, Pantai Timur and Sedili Kecil.
Previously known as Pengerang Local Authority (Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan Pengerang) where it was upgraded to municipality status as Pengerang Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Pengerang, MPP) on 1 January 2020.
Kolateral () is a studio rap album by Sandata, a group headed by Filipino rap artists and activists BLKD and Calix.
The album uses themes of art, activism, and protest and is a product of two-years worth of research from the stories of the victims, data gathered, and other information.
The Philippine Drug War, which is the ongoing drug policy of the Philippine government under President Duterte, has been pointed out by critics on its effects on the human rights situation of the Philippines.
The next three tracks and the sixth track offer narratives regarding the effects of the drug war on the lives of affected sectors.
Her nineteen year-old son, named Raymart, was abducted and killed on March 29, 2017 because their neighbor accused him of peddling marijuana.
Under the internet label NOFACE Records, the entirety of the album was released digitally and can be streamed on Spotify, Apple Music, and Youtube.
The album cover was a photograph by Kimberly dela Cruz of a mural of Archie Oclos in Sitio San Roque, an urban poor community in Quezon City that is said to have also experienced cases of killings relating to the drug war.
BLKD encouraged his followers on twitter to integrate with the community as it also faces threats of demolitions to give way to a mixed-use central business district by Ayala Land, called Vertis North.
Sandata has been going around schools, music bars, and other venues to spread the message of the album and to obtain assistance for the victims of the drug war.
The 1st Army of the Yugoslav Partisans was a Partisan army that operated in Yugoslavia during the last months of the Second World War.
The Army was first formed from the 1st Proletarian Corps (1st, 5th, 6th, 11th, and 21st Divisions), and on 3 April the 15th Corps (42th and 48th Divisions) and several independent divisions and brigades (22nd, 2nd, 17th Divisions and 2nd Tank Brigade) were added.
It first fought on the Syrmian Front, and after its breakthrough in mid-April, liberated the western part of Yugoslavia with other units of the Yugoslav army.
Then, with four divisions, it liberated northern Slovenia, encircled and captured the enemy Army and reached the Austrian border on 13 May.
There, along with units of the 2nd and 3rd Armies and 4th Operational Zone, it participated in the last battles of World War II on European soil, more than a week after the German surrender on 8 May.
It was first released on the duo's own label Smokin Beats in 1996, then released as an official single on the AM:PM label in 1997, containing remixes by Erick Morillo, Ian Pooley and Kings of Tomorrow.
In 2015, a set of remixes was released on Hot Source Records containing mixes by artists such as Tough Love, DJ Q, Oxide & Neutrino, Low Steppa, and drum & bass producers Upgrade and Klax.
The 13th Houston Film Critics Society Awards was held on January 2, 2020 at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, United States.
The Kuwait Handball Association () (KHA) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in State of Kuwait.
KHA is a founder member of the Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and member of the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1970.
Handball in Kuwait was founded by Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, who is a member of House of Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Bill Streever (born 1961, Kingsport, Tennessee), is a biologist and writer well known for bringing scientific topics to a popular audience.
Radke was born in Wetaskiwin, but grew up in Ponoka, Alberta where she attended Ponoka Composite High School and later the University of Alberta.
Despite blowing out both anterior cruciate ligaments, Radke is classified as a 4.5 athlete in wheelchair basketball, meaning she has few if any physical limitations.
In 2008, she was named to Team Canada's roster for the 2008 Summer Paralympics and the Osaka Cup which she chose to forgo.
In 2012 after the Calgary Rollers lost to the BC Breakers in the National Wheelchair Basketball Championships, Radke was named to the All-Star Team.
The next year, Radke became a coach with the Calgary Rollers but rejoined the team as a player after a shortage.
With her skating partner, Carlo Röthlisberger, she is the 2016 Santa Claus Cup bronze medalist and a four-time Swiss national champion.
The two placed tenth at the 2014 International Cup of Nice in October and seventh at the Italian Championships a couple of months later.
Route 70, also known as Roaches Line and Conception Bay Highway, is a north-south highway on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland.
Route 70 begins in Roaches Line at an interchange with Route 75 (Veterans Memorial Highway), just a short distance north of Route 1 (Trans Canada Highway).
It heads north through rural wooded to come enter Cupids, where it has an intersection with Route 60 (Conception Bay Highway) and Route 71 (Hodgewater Line), where Route 70 takes on the name Conception Bay Highway from Route 60.
The highway begins following the coastline as it passes through South River, Clarke's Beach, and North River before passing through Bay Roberts, where it has an intersection with Route 72 (Port de Grave Road).
Route 70 now passes through Spaniard's Bay and Tilton, where it has an intersection with Route 73 (Back Track Road), before winding its way through hilly terrain to pass through Harbour Grace.
The highway now travels more inland as it meets the northern end of Route 75 (Veterans Memorial Highway) before bypassing Carbonear along its west side.
Route 70 now passes through Victoria, where it makes a sharp right at an intersection with Route 74 (Heart’s Content Highway), to turn east and pass through Salmon Cove.
It now follows the coastline again and very windy as it passes through Perry's Cove, Kingston, Small Point-Adam's Cove-Blackhead-Broad Cove, Western Bay, Ochre Pit Cove, Northern Bay, Gull Island, Burnt Point, Job's Cove, Lower Island Cove, and Caplin Cove.
The highway now turns inland again through grasslands to enter Old Perlican and have an intersection with Route 80 (Trinity Road/Blow Me Down Road).
Route 70 turns east through rural areas for several kilometers to have intersections with Grates Cove Road and Red Head Cove Road before entering Bay de Verde along Main Road.
She attended the Tshwane University of Technology, where she acquired a national diploma in Fine Art in 2004 and graduated in 2006, with a bachelor's degree in Fine Art.
The class of divisorial schemes is quite large: it includes affine schemes, separated regular schemes and subschemes of a divisorial scheme (such as projective varieties).
He plays as a scrum half for the Seattle Seawolves in Major League Rugby having previously played for the Sacramento Express in PRO Rugby and for the USA Selects internationally.
Local Route 78 Gimpo–Pocheon Line () is a local route of South Korea that connecting Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo to Pocheon, Gyeonggi Province.
Savarkar: Echoes from a Forgotten Past, 1883–1924 is the first volume of a two-part biography about Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, written by biographer Vikram Sampath and published by Penguin Viking.
The book tells how Savarkar was an atheist, rationalist, who strongly opposed orthodox Hindu beliefs and to whom Hinduism was a genetic and political force inbuilt into Hindus.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak's recommendation helped get him a scholarship to London where he spent five years; in London he built a network of revolutionaries across Europe and helped provide the intellectual basis for the movement.
Sampath says that a motivation to write the book was that no comprehensive biography of Savarkar had been written since the 1960s, yet Savarkar was used in political discourse often, where the demand to give Savarkar a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, had even been brought up recently.
During the launch of the book, Shiv Sena chief Uddhav Thackeray, said that every school and college in the state should have the book, and that every MP and MLA should read the book too.
Narendra Modi, the incumbent Prime Minister of India (and leader of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, which largely subscribes to Savarkar's ideology) praised the work.
TCA Srinivasa Raghavan, former Indian diplomat and current Director General of the Indian Council of World Affairs noted it to be a must read no-nonsense book over a review at Calcutta Telegraph.
In a review of the book at the Open Magazine, historian Manu S. Pillai praised Sampath's meticulous research and gathering of source materials to have aided in a definitive charting of his early years.
and noted of him to have persuasively laid out the case of Savarkar as a martyr who sacrificed his youth for the cause of the nation.
However, Pillai sharply criticized the methodologies of his scholarship especially the uncritical acceptance of Savarkar's self-laudatory memoirs, some written years after the incidents.
He rejected Sampath's acceptance of Savarkar's mercy petitions as a shrewd strategy that ran parallel to the plot by Shivaji, in that Savarkar stuck to his promises of absolute cooperation until his death and refused to be associated with acts of rebellion, anymore.
Pillai also notes Sampath to have not achieved the necessary distance of separation, required for penning an objective non-eulogizing biography; he remained in Savarkar's awe for much of the spans.
She praised Sampath's meticulously through research but noted the work to be a wholly uncritical biography, with him doing very little to distance from the subject and accepting every primary source at face-value.
His interpretation of concurrent historical events were also faulted as non-objective and lacking of the recent radical developments in relevant scholarship.
Madhav Khosla, professor of Political Science at Ashoka University noted the work to be detailed over a review at The Hindustan Times.
Krzysztof Iwanek, Asia editor for The Diplomat and chair of the Asia Research Centre at the National Defence University of Warsaw noted the work to be extraordinarily detailed and containing hitherto unpublished information; however he found the work to be largely evasive on Savarkar's views about Muslims and sympathetic to his overall cause.
The fear of a Japanese invasion of Australia after 1942 brought about a frantically redoubled building effort around Australia to accommodate the increased requirements of Allied troops, equipment and support networks.
This was a period when conventional design and construction methods were abandoned in favour of those that were more resource and cost efficient.
With the start of conflict in Europe in 1939 Australia began to expand its military infrastructure in preparation for its role in the war.
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, with a Japanese invasion of Australia looming, a massive increase of Australian and other Allied troops (mostly American) and equipment occurred, prompting the need for further infrastructure.
Building needs during this period were met by a merger of the Allied Works Council (AWC) and the Works and Services Branch of the Department of the Interior which, by 1943, employed over 4,500 staff.
These works initially used contract labour but, after 1943 relied on the labour of the Civil Construction Corps, which had enrolled over 50,000 men.
The AWC subsequently experimented with design form and construction technology to come up with a series of new designs for hangars and large warehouses.
Initially, a number of 130 ft clear span timber framed hangars were constructed at Tocumwal, New South Wales, and other locations shortly after.
While the glue laminating process proved too involved and intensive for the AWC's needs, the timber frames with shear connectors were adapted for several other styles of large buildings, including the W3 type seen at Macrossan.
By 1944 the threat of invasion had subsided, and construction efforts were maintained primarily in the north of the country, to support Australian and US forces pressing on with the war in the Pacific.
The AWC placed great emphasis on the prefabrication of buildings in southern states to be used by troops in the north, as well as in the Pacific Islands and south-east Asia.
Macrossan Stores Depot (RAAF No 8 Stores Depot) was established in 1942, on land resumed from the Costello family's Fanning Downs Pastoral lease, originally selected by John Melton Black in 1861.
It was initially established as an air base, in response to fears of Japanese invasion, and realisation that Japanese air capabilities placed Australia within range of air attack.
Early in 1942 a number of airfields were established at strategic points near the Great Northern Railway, running west from Townsville.
Two airstrips were cleared at Macrossan in April 1942, intended to take American fighter aircraft, although only the northern strip was fully developed.
When the war effort began to turn in favour of the allied forces, airfield construction moved further north, and the air base facilities at Macrossan were never completed, although two fighter squadrons, the 84 and 86 RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force), were stationed there for short periods.
Macrossan's emphasis subsequently shifted to that of a major stores depot, being proclaimed RAAF No 8 Stores Depot in April 1943.
The RAAF operated 10 stores depots during World War II: No 1 Sandridge (Victoria), No 2 Waterloo (New South Wales), No 3 Brisbane (Queensland), No 4 Merredin (Western Australia), No 6 Dubbo (New South Wales), No 7 Drayton (Queensland), No 8 Macrossan (Queensland), No 9 Daly Waters (Northern Territory) and No 10 Maylands (Western Australia).
Most of these were ultimately only temporary and were disbanded within a decade of the end of the war, with the exception of Dubbo, Sandridge, Waterloo and Drayton.
To facilitate the shift to a stores depot two very large general-purpose storage buildings were built side by side to the north of the airstrips for the RAAF.
In 1944 the base featured the Bellman hangars, four 200 ft by 100 ft igloo warehouses, the two 300 ft by 230ft RAAF ordnance igloo stores (buildings 50 and 51) and three smaller store buildings.
A commitment to the site for post-war military use resulted in formal acquisition of the land by the Australian Government in 1949.
It consists of a large irregular area, including the still-serviceable northern wartime airstrip, the railway spur line, Warehouse 11, four smaller store buildings (including three Bellman hangars) and several houses.
Several examples of this design type, known as W3, were constructed in Australia in 1942 and 1943, all sharing the same characteristics; these included a parabolic arch shape, engineered timber framing, unlined internal walls, external envelope in galvanised iron sheeting and a timber or concrete floor.
Warehouse 11 was erected as a standard RAAF ordnance store with a large segmented truss roof structure with five longitudinal rows of solid hardwood columns supporting transverse segmented Pratt trusses.
Other RAAF ordnance stores of this type were located at RAAF stores depots at Dubbo (New South Wales), Drayton (Queensland) and Merredin (Western Australia).
Apart from Warehouse 11 at Macrossan, only the five W3 structures that were constructed at the former Dubbo RAAF No 5 Stores Depot have survived.
The Dubbo buildings have maintained a strong context in relation to each other and the other surviving buildings at this site.
Warehouse 11 measures , with the longer sides forming the springing point for the igloo style vaulted timber truss structure, which is clad in corrugated galvanised iron.
Exterior asphalt aprons cater for the latter function with railway lines still in place internally at the rear of the building.
The outside rows of posts are single-posted, the two inner rows are double-posted while the centre row is composed of three posts bracketed together.
With the need to use timber instead of steel, a prefabricated timber framed version was developed by the Division of Forest Products at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
The Bellman Hangars at Macrossan are of this same type, comparable to the example at Jezzine Barracks in Townsville, and probably those at the former RAAF No 6 Stores Depot at Dubbo, which are .
While Bellman hangars were once common at RAAF facilities around Australia, they are now increasingly rare, having been removed, destroyed, or sold out of Commonwealth hands.
There are perhaps no more than 25 examples remaining around Australia in Commonwealth hands, including those at Macrossan, Dubbo, Jezzine, RAAF Base Townsville, RAAF Base Amberley, RAAF Base Laverton, RAAF Base Point Cook and RAAF Base Tindal.
Timber shutters in the two administrative areas have been replaced with glass louvres, some corrugated iron has been replaced with green fibreglassed corrugated material to allow for more light to enter the building, and fixed timber louvres have been replaced with aluminium louvres below the windows along the short sides.
Macrossan Stores Depot Group was listed on the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004 having satisfied the following criteria.
The Macrossan Stores Depot (former RAAF No 8 Stores Depot) is significant for its role in the development of defensive infrastructure across Australia following Japan's entry into World War 2 in 1942.
It also comprises archaeological evidence of the World War 2 air base, with a still-serviceable landing strip, and remnants of the taxiways, embankments and building foundations.
The site was established as a base for fighter squadrons in 1942, during initial fears of Japanese invasion and air attack over northern Queensland.
After the initial danger had subsided the site was established as RAAF No 8 Stores Depot, continuing to make a contribution to the RAAF's operations, as well as acting as the occasional base for the 84 and 86 RAAF fighter squadrons.
After 1956 the depot was transferred to the Army and has operated as its main supplies depot in northern Queensland ever since.
Warehouse 11 and the three Bellman hangars at the Macrossan Stores Depot, are important for their association with the development of defensive infrastructure across Australia following Japan's entry into the Second World War and the arrival of American forces in Australia in 1942.
Although these prefabricated hangars were common buildings during World War Two there are now believed to be no more than two dozen of these surviving in Defence ownership in Australia today.
Warehouse 11, in particular, is significant for its ability to demonstrate the innovative experimental technology explored by Allied Works Council and the Department of the Interior in an effort to produce large buildings using unseasoned hardwood instead of steel framing.
Steris is operationally headquartered in Mentor, Ohio, but has been legally registered since 2018 in Dublin, Ireland for tax purposes; it was previously registered in the United Kingdom from 2014–2018.
On April 1, 2014, Steris announced its acquisition of Integrated Medical Systems International Inc. for ~$175 million, although it would only cost the company ~$140 million after tax benefits.
In October 2014, Steris executed a tax inversion from the United States to the United Kingdom, via an offer made to acquire UK-based Synergy Health for $1.9 billion.
On June 24, 2015, Steris announced the acquisitions of General Econopak for $175 million and Black Diamond Video for $51 million.
In November 2018, Steris announced that it would further re-domicile its legal headquarters from the United Kingdom to Ireland; Steris had reduced its corporate tax rate from 31.3 percent to 20 percent as a result of its 2014 tax inversion to the United Kingdom, however, it believed a further reduction could be achieved by moving to Ireland.
Steris' 2018 filed accounts showed global revenues of over USD 2.6 billion, of which USD 1.8 billion (or 70 percent), came from the US healthcare system; and employed ~12,000 people.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
Operation Otto was a joint operation of the Wehrmacht and NDH forces against partisans in the Grmeč area in Bosnia, Yugoslavia during the Second World War.
Operation Otto was a concentric attack from Bosanski Novi, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Petrovac, Ključ and Sanski Most, which began on April 20, 1943.
Parts of the 114th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), reinforced with Croat Regiments tried to destroy the 4th Partisan Infantry Division.<br> However, by skillfully maneuvering and infiltrating into the back of the invading forces, this division avoided destruction, and after five days the operation was stopped.
Following Operation Otto, a NOVJ force of some 900 men withdrew to the Bihać area and threatened the Bihać - Bosanska Krupa road.
It is located east of Wellston at the intersection of Hollingshead Road (County Route 40) and Mulga Road (County Route 39), just off Ohio State Route 32, at .
The ransomware is installed as a Trojan horse which locks the infected computer's files and demands payment in the Monero cryptocurrency.
In the meantime, all files with common file extensions on the computer get encrypted with .kirked as an additional file extension at the end.
The price doubles after 48 hours of non-payment then doubles each week that passes until after 31 days, the decryptor is deleted.
Some ransomware experts argued that in the Kirk ransomware being the first ransomware using Monero, it is an upgrade on the bitcoin cryptocurrency usually requested in ransomware demands as Monero is untraceable as it does not use a blockchain.
The fort is important in Australian military history as a strategic coastal defence installation in the period of transition from British to Australian responsibility for defence.
The Green Hill Fort complex on Thursday Island was constructed between 1891-93 as part of the Imperial and colonial whole-of-Australia defence in the lead up to Federation.
New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia contributed to the cost of construction, Britain supplied the armament, and Queensland funded and supplied the garrison.
The office of the Queensland Colonial Architect appears to have prepared the plans for the 1890s underground magazines and store rooms, and certainly did so for the barracks and several early 20th century additions.
The importance of Torres Strait to British and Australian colonial trade and defence had been identified from at least the late 1830s.
The strategic significance of the Strait was recognised officially from 1860, when both the British government and the newly established Queensland government agreed in principle to establish a port on Cape York, and that there should be a military presence in the far north of Queensland.
Somerset, on the eastern tip of Cape York, was established in 1864 by the Queensland government as a haven of refuge and coal and supply depot.
In August 1872 Queensland annexed the islands of the Torres Strait and the Queensland government decided to remove its official settlement at Somerset to a more central location along the main shipping route through the Strait, which was the principal trade route to Asia and England.
In 1877 the Queensland government removed its official port of refuge from Somerset to Thursday Island (Port Kennedy), and it became a busy port servicing passenger and trade vessels passing through Torres Strait.
In 1877 the colonial governments of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia, anxious to secure the land defence of their coastlines, jointly invited British Royal Engineer Colonel Sir William Jervois, assisted by Lieutenant-Colonel Peter H Scratchley, to inspect existing defence installations and recommend how they might be improved.
Accompanied by Scratchley Jervois completed his investigation of New South Wales defences by the end of May and planned to go to the other colonies.
At Melbourne in June he was notified of his promotion to Governor of the Colony of South Australia (he had been Governor of the Straits Settlements in Malaya).
After Jervois was appointed governor of South Australia, Scratchley became commissioner of defences in 1878, covering in time all six colonies and New Zealand.
Scrtachley believed that land defence works should be near key ports, advocated torpedoes for offence and submarine mines for defence, supported the obstruction of shipping channels and argued for a limited number of paid volunteers, sufficient to repel minor invasions.
The clearest statements of his views appear in the evidence he gave to the 1881 Commission on New South Wales Defences, of which he was vice-president and chairman of the military sub-committee.
Scratchley retired from active military service on 1 October 1882 as honorary major-general, but was still employed by the Colonial Office as defence adviser for Australia.
Jervois had identified the principal threat to Queensland security as an attack from the sea on the major ports (Brisbane, Rockhampton and Maryborough), to secure supplies and coal, not permanent occupation.
Recognising the strategic position of Thursday Island at the northern entrance to Australian waters, he suggested a telegraph station be established there.
Britain's failure to support Queensland's annexation of New Guinea in 1883, and the subsequent claiming of New Guinean territory by Germany and Britain, was followed by the 1885 confrontation between Britain and Russia, which almost resulted in open conflict.
Colonial security again became an issue and galvanised both Britain and the Australian colonies into recognising that securing the coaling stations at King George's Sound in Western Australia and at Thursday Island was fundamental to the defence of Australia.
Defence became caught up in the federation debate, and only after New South Wales Premier Sir Henry Parkes announced his support for federation in October 1889, was it possible to properly address the question of national defence.
At the Federation Conference of February 1890 a Colonial Defence Committee was formed and the colonies agreed to jointly fund construction of fortifications at King George's Sound and Thursday Island and to accept Britain's offer to arm these forts.
The 1891 recommendations of the Colonial Defence Committee were approved by Britain and accepted by the colonial governments almost immediately, with Queensland agreeing to advance the money for construction and to recoup contributions from the other participating colonies.
Major Edward Druitt RE of the Queensland Permanent Artillery, who oversaw construction of the Kissing Point fortifications in Townsville and made an important contribution to Queensland defence in the late 19th century, was in charge of the works.
Victoria Barracks, a canteen, sergeants' mess, gun shed, guard house, and two concrete-lined underground water tanks were completed in January 1893 and the guns had been received from England by May 1893.
In June 1893 a detachment of two officers and 30 men from the A Battery of the Queensland Permanent Artillery arrived at Thursday Island to take up duties.
From its completion it was clear that Green Hill Fort was designed to protect the coaling station at Port Kennedy, not to defend Torres Strait.
Late 19th century changes in military and naval technology, including longer range weapons, and ironclad cruisers made Green Hill Fort, from its inception, obsolete for anything other than protecting the coaling station.
To upgrade the defence of the strait, a 4.7” gun was installed on Milman Hill in 1897, the garrison was increased from 30 to 45 and 30 local volunteers formed the Thursday Island Detachment of the North Queensland Garrison Battery.
Improvements were made to the Green Hill battery in 1912, including a new underground powder magazine, an air-conditioning system for the cordite store, and a laboratory outside the fort gate.
Thursday Island was placed on full alert at the outbreak of the World War I, but as the German threat in the Indian and Pacific Oceans subsided after 1915 the Thursday Island garrison was removed to active service.
The civilian population was evacuated and Green Hill Fort was used as a signals and wireless station and ammunition store for Australian and American forces.
Green Hill Fort has served no military purpose since World War II, but in 1954 the Bureau of Meteorology established a weather station inside the fort which operated until 1993 as part of a national weather reporting system.
The Commonwealth provided a Centenary of Federation grant of $572,000, and additional funding of $124,000 was raised to conserve and restore the fort.
Green Hill Fort is now owned by the Torres Strait Regional Authority, an independent agency within the portfolio for Indigenous Affairs, which reports directly to the Commonwealth Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.
Green Hill Fort is at about 16ha, 1.5km west-south-west of Thursday Island town, comprising all of Lot 9 SP133779, including all structures and formations associated with the fortifications at the summit of Green Hill.
Green Hill Fort complex is situated on the western end of the high ridge that forms the east-west spine of Thursday Island.
It comprises three principal areas: the fortifications at the western end of the ridge and the surrounding landscape; a small, densely forested saddle between two small knolls in the ridge to the east of the fortifications; and further east still the former barracks site and surrounding landscape.
The battery, located on the top of Green Hill, offers a panoramic view of 270º over Thursday Island harbour and Horn Island to the south, the boat channel and Prince of Wales Island to the southwest, Friday and Goode Islands and the passages to the west, and north over the Aplin Pass boat channel and Hammond Island.
The principal elements of the fortifications include the embankments and terreplein on which the battery is constructed, three external gun emplacements, with working platforms sunk behind protective abutment walls, and associated structures including the sunken observation pit and access walkway.
A partly sealed road leads to the battery and the ridge drops steeply on three sides from the top of the hill.
This site is on a separate lot and is not included in the listing boundary for the Green Hill Fort complex.
The forest area comprises a distinct mix of indigenous wet tropical forest trees and exotic species, planted or self-sown, evidence of the complex layers of human occupation of the island.
A small cleared area at the western extent of the forest may be associated with the Kaurareg people or with late 19th century Chinese market gardening.
A conservation and restoration project completed in 2002, funded by a Centenary of Federation grant, undertook work on the three 6-inch BL guns and broke out the artillery room door, which had been concreted in, and fitted a suitable timber door.
The south-eastern ramparts had been affected by erosion and the erection of the timber and fibro Bureau of Meteorology office in the 1950s.
The office was considered to have a severe impact on the view of the fort and had been removed in 1999 after being severely vandalised.
Reinstatement of the ramparts was considered a major task and difficult to maintain, and a low heritage and visual impact public viewing area was constructed on the site of the weather station.
Power lines which had a serious impact on the heritage values of the site were relocated to the saddle north of the fort; internal power was upgraded, mains water provided, and telephone lines to the fort re-sited, all via a trench.
Architectural upgrades to doors and sash windows, and installation of ventilation fans and a toilet were undertaken to meet the requirements for visitor facilities.
Green Hill Fort is important in Australian military history as a strategic coastal defence installation in the period of transition from British to Australian responsibility for defence.
The three 6-inch BL gun emplacements on their sunken working platforms behind protective abutment walls, and associated structures are an intact example of 19th century military fortifications developed when the Australian colonies were assuming responsibility for national defence.
There has been little subsequent alteration to the fabric of the fort, and this facilitates an appreciation of the work of Jervois, Scratchley and Druit, and its importance in Australian military history.
A number of coastal forts were built in Australia during the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century.
A number of coastal forts were built in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century and these forts share the characteristics of typical late 19th century British fortifications established at colonial outposts.
The design and layout at Green Hill Fort followed the general design, but unlike other coastal fortification no major adaptations have occurred to the fortifications or other structures in response to changing military technology.
As a result the place has a predominantly intact array of representative 19th century features, including embankments and a terreplein on which the gun batteries were mounted.
There were also external gun emplacements, with working platforms sunk behind protective abutment walls, together with associated structures including sunken observation bunkers, tunnels and tracks for the munitions trolleys that serviced the gun emplacements.
Green Hill Fort has significant heritage value for its associations with Colonel Sir W F D Jervois and Lieutenant-Colonel Peter H Scratchley, whose reports to colonial governments formed the basis of defence planning in Australia from the late 19th century, and with Major Druitt RE of the Queensland Permanent Artillery who was in charge of the works at Green Hill Fort.
The park have two divisions the zoological section is dedicated in 81 hectare and botanical section is spread over 23 hectare.
Zoo have a dedicated veterinary doctor and trained compounder available 24 x 7 to monitor health issues of animals, well established pathology lab for animals present in park, separate ward dedicated for complete treatment of animals and emergency ward for recued animals or newly arrived ones.
Zoo also offers Battery Operated Vehicle and Boating facility for visitors with other facilities like Drinking water, Rest Area with Sheds at regular interval, First Aid Box, Wheel Chair for Physical Challenged person, Toilets and Lavatories, Direction Map and Sign Board for navigation, Information Center for visitors, Kiosks, Service, Guide Map and Canteen Facility.
The screenplay of the above movie is written by M. Salim an Indian writer known for penning down the screenplay of Dongri Ka Raja.
Her first videos were parodies of make-up tutorial videos which include social commentary, having been inspired by sexist comments she read on those videos.
Within the first month of her YouTube channel, Smith was receiving around 10,000 new subscribers per day on YouTube and had totalled 6 million views on Facebook.
Lortzing, who had been suffering from ill-health and was under considerable stress in his position as the conductor at the newly opened Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater in Berlin, was not involved in the preparations for the Frankfurt premiere, nor did he attend the opening night.
Unbeknownst to Lortzing, his last opera had a very successful premiere in Frankfurt and remained in the repertoire in Germany until after World War II.
The action is an opera rehearsal in a hall of a count's palace with a view towards the garden, in 1794.
He falls in love with Louise and in the end, after complications, finds out that she was the bride his uncle had planned for him.
A 1974 recording, with the choir and orchestra of the Bavarian State Opera conducted by Otmar Suitner, features Regina Marheineke, Nicolai Gedda, Klaus Hirte and Walter Berry, among others.
Hot Springs (Kyam) is the location of an Indian border checkpost operated by Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) in the Chang Chenmo River valley in Ladakh near the disputed border with China.
During the construction, the scouting team was captured by the PLA who had advanced to Kongka Pass since the previous years.
On 21 October, the search team tasked to find the missing scouts encountered the Chinese and were caught in a firefight that led to the death of 10 members.
In the late 1800s, the Maharaja Ranbir Singh at the request of the British made improvements to the trails and facilities of the Gogra campsite in order to improve trade with Yarkand.
In 2014, Tava stood as a candidate for an Auckland Council community board under the left-wing City Vision ticket, which is affiliated with both the Labour and Green parties.
Tava was a member of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand until resigning from the party in late February 2017.
He campaigned on returning to the party's roots and core values as neither left nor right wing and placing the environment back at the top of party priorities.
The male co-leadership contest was ultimately won by first term List List MP and former management consultant James Shaw, with Tava coming fourth place.
During the 2017 New Zealand general election, he joined the 2017 campaign team of the centre-right National Party's East Coast Bays candidate Erica Stanford.
Tava formally launched his Sustainable NZ Party in November 2019; with the Party formally registered with the Electoral Commission on 4 December.
The 2020 LPGA of Japan Tour is the 53rd season of the LPGA of Japan Tour, the professional golf tour for women operated by the Ladies Professional Golfers' Association of Japan.
The Schedule does not include the Olympic Games Women's Golf event as it is not part of the official tournament schedule.
The number in parentheses after winners' names show the player's total number wins in official money individual events on the LPGA of Japan Tour, including that event.
The Minister of Mines in New Zealand was a former cabinet member appointed by the Prime Minister to be responsible for New Zealand's mining industries.
Jacques-Ferdinand Humbert (8 October 1842, Paris - 6 October 1934, Paris) was a French painter who specialized in portraits and historical scenes.
He served as a Professor at the École nationale until 1902, a few years after he opened his own art academy in the former studios of Fernand Cormon.
As time passed, Humbert limited himself to teaching on Saturdays; while Tuesday and Thursday classes were conducted by his friends, François Thévenot (1856-1943) and .
Martin Sagner (11 August 1932 - 12 November 2019) was a Croatian actor, who played many memorable roles in Croatian films, TV series, and theatre plays during his 43-year career.
In 1955, he graduated from the Academy of Dramatic Art at the University of Zagreb and later became a highly respected member of the Croatian National Theatre, both in Zagreb and in Varaždin.
Sagner fought in the Croatian War of Independence and was missed by an enemy bullet by about 8 inches at Bobovac.
Between 1990 and 1995, Sagner was a member of the Croatian Parliament, having won his seat in both the 1990 Croatian parliamentary election and the 1992 Croatian parliamentary election as a representative of the Croatian Democratic Union which won both of these elections.
He died in Zagreb in 2019 and was survived by his third wife, Zorica Bajgot-Sagner, with whom he had two sons - Fran and Davor (both of whom are handball players).
2010) is a 2010 Supreme Court of South Dakota civil forfeiture case brought by the American state of South Dakota against fifteen cats that they had seized on the grounds of interfering with a driver's visibility.
The seizure was challenged by the owner and the court found on a 3–2 majority that the seizure was lawful because of the risk to pedestrians as well as to the cats.
On August 13, 2009, a police officer stopped Patricia Edwards who was driving to Texas as she was reversing out of a parking spot and nearly hit the officer's patrol car.
After being told of the plan of the state to put the cats up for adoption and denying her the opportunity to take them back, Edwards challenged the seizure in court.
Edwards then appealed to the South Dakota Supreme Court on the grounds that the seizure violated her constitutional rights, specifically her right to due process and the seizure was done with insufficient evidence.
The State responded by stating that under SDCL 40-1-5, warrentless seizures were lawful if the animals were injured, diseased, suffering or if there were any other exigent circumstances where a delay would cause suffering.
The court ruled that due to the cats being allowed to roam freely in the car while Edwards was driving, they could obstruct driver's windows.
Accordingly, they ruled there was an exigent circumstance as it might have been a child that was almost hit rather than the officer's car.
Edwards had also argued that the evidence was insufficient to support the Circuit Court's ruling as she argued she had kept the cats in humane conditions.
Justices Konekamp and Zinter concurred, with Konekamp writing a concurring opinion but arguing that it was due to the risk to the cats themselves that he agreed the seizure was lawful.
Severson also stated that Edwards was not charged with any traffic offense and that she should have been, had the State intended to rely on her being unable to operate the vehicle as that was their focus in the seizure hearings.
The 4th Corps () was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II.
It was created on 22 November 1942 with the 6th Lika, 7th Banija and 8th Kordun divisions as the 1st Croatian Corps.
During the Fourth Axis offensive (Case White), the Corps was heavily engaged in the Banija and Kordun area's and defended the liberated area of Lika.
During 1943, it conducted successful actions and created liberated territory between the rivers Una and Sava, in Slovenia, Gorski Kotar and Lika.
In the 1945 final operations of the Yugoslav Army, the Corps participated in the liberation of Bihać, Lika, Karlovac and Zagreb.
It was opened on 18 December 1994 as part of the inaugural section of Line 3 from Plaza Venezuela to El Valle.
Amritsar Jamnagar six-lane greenfield expressway will be the first expressway in India connecting three refineries of Bathinda , Jamnagar and Barmer.
Skipjack is a 120 MW capacity off shore wind farm proposed by Ørsted US Offshore Wind to be built on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Delaware, approximately 16.9 nautical miles- from the coast opposite Fenwick Island.
The project will be built in BOEM-designated Wind Energy Area (WEA) OCS-A 0519, an area of approximately 16.9 nautical miles or off the Delaware coast between Indian River Outlet opposite Fenwick Island, north of the Maryland WEA.
Skipjack will use 10 GE Wind Energy Haliade-X 12 MW turbines, feet tall with rotors meters long (with blades each meters long), made in Cherbourg, France.
Ørsted U.S. Offshore Wind will partner with Tradepoint Atlantic, based in Port of Baltimore, to develop a logistics center to create a 50-acre staging center for on-land assembly, storage and loading out into deep waters.
The Port of Paulsboro on the Delaware River in New Jersey could become the site for the production the monopile foundations for turbines.
Residents and business, particularly in Ocean City, Maryland, have raised concerns about the potential of negative impact of building a wind farm offshore, thus creating a landscape that could affect tourism.
The old Malayalam inscription in Vattezhuthu script (with some Grantha characters) is engraved on two blocks of granite (with writing on one side) in the base of the central shrine of the Trichambaram Temple.
It also mentions a person named Kapali Narayanan Bhattavijayan, some plot, and the arrangements for weekly supply of oil for the thiruvilakku.
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films, to recognize the best actor of the previous year.
Reuben Te Rangi (born 14 October 1994) is a New Zealand professional basketball player for the Brisbane Bullets of the National Basketball League (NBL).
Te Rangi made his debut in the Australian NBL during the 2012–13 season as a development player with the New Zealand Breakers.
In March 2015, he won his second NBL championship when the Breakers defeated the Cairns Taipans in the NBL Grand Final.
A year later, he helped the Breakers reach the 2016 NBL Grand Final series, where they were defeated by the Perth Wildcats.
Te Rangi made his debut in the New Zealand NBL in 2012 with the Harbour Heat and subsequently won the Rookie of the Year award.
He returned to the Rangers in 2016 and helped them reach the NBL final, where they lost to the Wellington Saints.
In 2018, Te Rangi helped the Sharks avenge their defeat to the Saints by beating them in the final behind his Finals MVP performance.
In 2012, Te Rangi played for the Junior Tall Blacks at the FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship and the Albert Schweitzer Tournament.
He made his debut for the Tall Blacks in 2013 and played at the FIBA Oceania Championships in the same year.
He captained the Tall Blacks at the 2017 Asia Cup in Lebanon, and in 2018, he was a member of the bronze medal winning team at the Commonwealth Games.
The 2018–19 Liga IV Vaslui was the 51st season of the Liga IV Vaslui, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Eucalyptus sweedmaniana is a sprawling to prostrate mallee that is endemic to a small area in the Cape Arid National Park in Western Australia.
It has smooth, silvery grey bark, broadly lance-shaped, glossy green adult leaves, single red, pendulous flower buds in leaf axils, pink flowers and prominently winged fruit.
Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, broadly lance-shaped, long and wide on thick, flattened petiole long.
The fruit is a woody, cube-shaped to oblong capsule that is square in cross-section, long and wide with prominent wings and the valves enclosed below the rim.
This mallee is only known from the lower coastal slopes of Mount Arid where it is exposed to significant salt spray.
The Commodores will play their home games at Vanderbilt Stadium in Nashville, Tennessee and compete in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
He was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council for South-East Province from 1910 to 1922, as a Ministerialist (1910-1911) and as a member of the Liberal Party (1910-1914) and Country Party (1914-1922).
He was variously a merchant, coastal trader and whaler until 1881, when he married Grace Cheyne Moir and went into business in Albany as the proprietor of the Freemason's Hotel, then as a storekeeper and then publican in York Street.
He was a councillor of the Municipality of Albany from 1888 until 1898 and was mayor for seven of the years between 1898 and 1908.
He was appointed a justice of the peace for the Plantagenet district in 1898 and for the whole state in 1907.
He was unable to tour the electorate during the campaign due to health issues, but campaigned on a platform of a reduction in the property qualification for Legislative Council franchise, introducing a local option for prohibition of alcohol, the establishment of a public works committee, building new railways in the region and reforming the system for taking up land.
He lived in retirement after leaving politics and was practically confined to his home due to ill health from late 1925.
He was a college leader during the May 1968 civil unrest in France and was for a long time a trotskyist militant.
Kinugawa Ryosuke transfused yakuza's blood when he was a child because of that blood transfusion he sometimes transforms into a super-human.
He was named a national scientist in the Philippines in 1983 for being a pioneer in physics, meteorology, and astronomy in the Philippines.
Del Rosario is recognized for his restoration of the war-damaged Philippine Observatory and for his leadership in establishing various observatories to study the changing times and galaxies.
Being four years old when he was in first grade, he went the University of the Philippines after graduating from the Cebu High School.
He was nineteen when he completed his first undergraduate degree, a Bachelor of Arts from the University of the Philippines in 1915.
Del Rosario then taught his alma mater for some time, after which he left for the United States for further study.
During his time at Yale, he received the coveted Junior Sterling Research Fellowship and was also a roommate of Ernest O. Lawrence.
Due to the recognition of his published research by leading American physicists, del Rosario was offered to teach at the Howard University in Washington.
He was later appointed dean of this faculty and was one of the only two UP professors with a PhD in physics.
At the outbreak of World War II in 1941, he joined the Weather Bureau and acted as the chief of the Astronomical Division.
His wartime contributions to the guerrilla effort against the Japanese include the establishment of the Guerilla Weather Station in Bulacan's Victory Hill and building three reflecting telescopes with 9-inch and 1 2-inch apertures to help the guerrillas with their defensive tactics and reconnaissance efforts.
He presided over the restoration of the status of the Philippine Observatory and also the restoration of the Philippine Astronomical Observatory.
He was the chairman of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the National Research Council of the Philippines, and was the first Vice-Chairman and also Executive Director of the National Science Development Board, the forerunner of the Department of Science and Technology.
From 1954 to 1957, del Rosario was an ex-officio member of the executive committee of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and was president of a regional association of the WMO, which included the Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand among others.
As a scientist, one of del Rosario's major contributions to astrophysics was his research into ultra-violet light of different wavelengths, which required high vacuum photography.
David Goffin and Pierre-Hugues Herbert were the defending champions, but Goffin chose to compete at the 2020 ATP Cup instead, while Herbert chose not to participate this week.
Blackwall Rock was located a short distance upriver of Blackwall Stairs, the southern end of a causeway from Poplar High Street which crossed extensive marshland, between the entrances of the West and East India Docks.
The rock was always a hazard to river traffic, as it sometimes lay less than below the surface at low tide.
The entrance to the West India Docks, just to the south-west of the rock, was substantially obstructed by the reef upon the docks' opening in 1802.
Rees asserted that newspaper reports of one of Thomas Boddington's West Indiaman vessels being wrecked on the rock were incorrect, and that the relatively recent installation of piling and booms prevented ships from coming near the reef.
He surmised that the cost of the rock's removal—even with the use of prison labour—would be £50,000, and was surprised by some contract tenders who proposed fees of little more than £1,000.
He stated that he had been told the rock was first discovered in the early 18th century when an Indiaman was wrecked upon it—possibly retelling the story refuted by Rees in 1802.
Most sources give the rock's dimensions as , and an 1846 report by the Tidal Harbours Commission described it as an outcrop of plum-pudding stone.
The opening of the West and East India Docks in 1802 and 1803 respectively necessitated the removal of the rock, which obstructed safe navigation to their entrances.
He then recommended the use of ordnance; his proposal employed an iron caisson to create a dry working area, with explosives being driven into a hole.
The system would ensure that the explosion would drive the force through the rock, breaking it, rather than forcing the explosive charge back through the drilled hole.
William Jessop was engaged by Trinity House to undertake the rock's removal; he subcontracted Ralph Walker as a consultant and James Spedding as engineer.
This method successfully reduced the height of the rock by , after which a cylindrical coffer dam (also described as being like a diving bell) was employed to allow workers' access to remove rubble.
It has been claimed that he met Shah Jalal at the khanqah of Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi and then took part alongside him in the 1303 Conquest of Sylhet.
However, it has been noted in Yemeni's mazar (mausoleum) that he died in 915 Hijri which corresponds to 1509-1510, roughly two hundred years after the conquest in the Sylhet region.
She received a bachelor's degree and master's degree from Washington University in St. Louis and Doctor of Philosophy in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
It is located south of the city of Jackson, at the intersection of Franklin Valley Road and Keystone Station Road, at .
The name was changed to Keystone Post Office on October 1, 1849, and the branch was discontinued on July 16, 1853.
The Metropolitan Opera Gala 1991 was a four-hour concert staged by the Metropolitan Opera on 23 September 1991 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of its opening night in its second home at Lincoln Center.
It was televised by Cablevision, and issued by Deutsche Grammophon on Laserdisc and VHS videocassette in 1992 and on DVD in 2010.
The television broadcast of the gala was supported by the Texaco Philanthropic Foundation, Inc., the National Endowment For the Arts and the Charles E. Culpeper Foundation.
Featuring Luciano Pavarotti as the Duke of Mantua, Cheryl Studer as Gilda, the Duke's daughter, Leo Nucci as Rigoletto, the Duke's court jester, Nicolai Ghiaurov as Sparafucile, a brigand, and Birgitta Svendén as Maddalena, Sparafucile's daughter.
Featuring Plácido Domingo as Otello, a Moor, commander-in-chief of the Venetian fleet, Mirella Freni as Desedemona, Otello's wife, Justino Díaz as Iago, an ensign, Sondra Kelly as Emilia, Iago's wife, Uwe Heilmann as Cassio, a platoon leader, Paul Plishka as Lodovico, ambassador of the Venetian republic, Charles Anthony as Roderigo, a Venetian gentleman, and Dwayne Croft as a herald.
Featuring Hermann Prey as Gabriel von Eisenstein, a wealthy gentleman of leisure, Barbara Daniels as Rosalinde, Eisenstein's wife, Barbara Kilduff as Adele, Rosalinde's chambermaid, Grace Millo as Ida, Adele's sister, Anne Sofie von Otter as Prince Orlofsky, a wealthy Russian, Andrij Dobriansky as Ivan, Orlofsky's servant, Dwayne Croft as Dr Falke, a notary, and Gottfried Hornik as Frank, a prison governor.
One began to question whether the idea of turning bleeding chunks of operas into showcases for celebrities might not be essentially misconceived.
Hermann Prey evoked memories of his 1966 Met Papageno with an aria that brought the bird-catcher to life with expressive artlessness.
Brian Large won an award for Outstanding Individual Achievement - Classical Music/Dance Programming - Directing, and Plácido Domingo and Kathleen Battle both won awards for Outstanding Individual Achievement - Classical Music/Dance Programming - Performance.
Deutsche Grammophon issued the gala in several formats, all with 4:3 NTSC colour video: a 181-minute pair of CLV (constant linear velocity) Laserdiscs (catalogue number 072-528-1) released in 1992, a 167-minute VHS videocassette (catalogue number 072-528-3) also released in 1992and a 179-minute pair of Region 0 DVDs (catalogue number 00440-073-4582) released in 2010.
The DVDs have audio in both lossless PCM stereo and an ersatz 5.1 channel DTS surround sound upmix synthesized with the AMSI II (Ambient Surround Imaging) technology created by Emil Berliner Studios.
They have subtitles in Chinese, English, French, German and Spanish, and - although only for items sung in that language - Italian, and are accompanied by a 24-page booklet with four photographs and an essay by Richard Evidon in English, French and German.
He played for the New York Giants in 1985, the St. Louis Cardinals in 1986 and for the New England Patriots in 1987.
The 2000 Abierto Mexicano Pegaso was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Mexico City, Mexico that was part of the International Series Gold category of the 2000 ATP Tour.
The 2020 Tour de Yorkshire (TdY) is a four-day cycling stage race which will be held in Yorkshire over 30 April–3 May 2020.
In November 2019, TdY announced that the starting and finsishing locations would be in Leeds, Beverley, Barnsley, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leyburn, Skipton and Redcar.
Whilst various races of Tdy, and the Tour de France of 2014, have visited various of these locations, it is the first time that Huddersfield, Leyburn and Skipton have been host towns.
Stages 2 and 3 will also be the same stages that the 2020 Women's Race will undertake, though stage 3 will be slightly shorter at .
Daughter of actor and director Carlo Simoneschi, she began her acting career when she was very young in Camillo Pilotto's stage company; in the early 1930s she made her film debut, but her inconspicuous physical appearance did not help her in front of the camera.
From the early 1940s until the first half of the 1960s, Simoneschi became one of the most prominent Italian voice actresses, lending her voice to almost all the greatest Hollywood and European divas.
One of Simoneschi's main skills was that of being able to adapt very well to the different acting styles of the numerous actresses to whom she lent her voice.
From 1964 she has also been a dubbing director and kept working in this environment until her retirement in 1976: in forty years of career as a voice actress, Simoneschi is estimated to have given her voice to over five thousand films.
In the spring of 1980 the then President of Italy Sandro Pertini named her Knight of the Republic for her artistic merits.
He was son of John Topham, acting as serjeant-at-arms of the House of Commons from 1678 until his death in 1692 (for Sir William Bishop) and his wife Joan Stoughton.
Topham was elected to the House of Commons for New Windsor in 1698, and was identified as a Country Party supporter.
In 1707, he persuaded William Petyt, the Keeper of Records in the Tower of London, who was ill and died that year, to pass to him the post.
It is now understood that Robert Adam's ideas on neo-classical interior decoration, evolved in the 1760s, were influenced directly by graphical work of Francesco Bartoli in this collection.
His two development agencies have merged to become Rootstrap: a digital development studio with offices in Los Angeles, New York, Uruguay, and Leipzig.
In 2011, Lee became the co-founder and CEO of Neon Roots, an app's development company based in West Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California.
The Minister of Energy and Resources is a minister in the government of New Zealand with responsibility for the New Zealand Electricity Authority.
The 2024 South African general election will be held in 2024 to elect a new National Assembly of South Africa and new provincial legislatures in each province.
They will be the seventh elections held in under conditions of universal adult suffrage since the end of the apartheid era in 1994.
Two hundred members are elected from national party lists, while the other 200 are elected from provincial party lists in each of the nine provinces.
The provincial legislatures, which differ in size from 30 to 80 members, are also elected by a system of proportional representation with closed lists.
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) comprises of 90 members, ten elected by each of the provincial legislatures in proportion to the composition of the legislature.
The Rivière de la Place is a tributary of the east bank of the Métabetchouane River, flowing in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The mouth of Lac des Buttes is located: north-east of the confluence of the Place river and the Métabetchouane River, at north of lac aux Rognons and west of Jacques-Cartier Lake.
From the confluence of the Place river, the current descends the Métabetchouane river north on to the south shore of lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then borrows the course of the Saguenay River via la Petite Landfill on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Although primarily known for his sculpture, his first commission, in 1978, was a series of three murals on the gable ends of terraced houses at the eastern end of Heathfield Road, Handsworth, Birmingham, in conjunction with Paula Woof and Steve Field.
Renn, Woof, Field, David Patten and Derek Jones worked jointly as the West Midlands Public Art Collective, which was active circa 1987.
The duo also oversaw artworks added during the 1997 restoration of Jubilee House, High Street, Madeley, as well as contributing a weather vane and a sculpture.
Plans for a Renn-Thacker collaborative sculpture at the junction of the A41 road and the M53 motorway in The Wirral had to be abandoned after the Highways Agency determined that it could cause distraction to drivers and attract pedestrians onto the roadway.
Renn worked from a studio in Lee Bank, Birmingham and after that was closed following local government funding cuts, from a studio at his home in Cookley, Worcestershire.
In 2007, Clete Edmunson resigned as a member of Idaho House of Representatives to joined the staff of Governor Butch Otter.
Thomas was appointed by Governor Butch Otter to served the remaining term as a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 9 seat B.
On May 27, 2008, as an incumbent, Thomas sought a seat in District 9 seat B but lost the election in the Republican Primary.
Cylindropuntia fosbergii is a species of cactus known by the common names Hoffmann's teddybear cholla, pink teddy-bear cholla, and Mason Valley cholla.
It is endemic to south-eastern California where its range is restricted to the flats and hillsides of a very limited area in the region of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in the western Sonoran Desert.
Later the railroad was acquired by the Missouri Pacific Railroad and part of old right-of-way is operated as part of the Union Pacific Railroad.
Named for its main destinations, Galveston, Houston, and Henderson|Henderson, Texas]], construction of the road began in 1857 and service between Virginia Point, Texas and Houston was available about two years later.
The railway was assisted by Galveston County funding, which financed the construction of a causeway of the broad channel between Virginia Point and Galveston Island.
More recently, most of original Galveston, Houston and Henderson right-of-way running between the Island and Bayou cities has been a property of the Union Pacific Railroad known as the Galveston Subdivision.
The Galveston Subdivision has principal connections to the Houston regional freight network at its junction with the West Belt Subdivision and at its junction with the Union Pacific Railroad Galveston at Virginia Point.
Even though it is mostly single-track with occasional sidings, the Union Pacific reported an average of fifteen to twenty-five trains per day in 2005.
DRDO Young Scientist Laboratories (DYSLs) are five specialised research laboratories located in five different cities of India, inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India on 2 January 2020.
Each laboratory deals with a focused area of science - artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, cognitive technologies, asymmetric technologies and smart materials.
Two of the directors chosen are scientists Parvathaneni Shiva Prasad of the Research Centre Imarat (RCI) and Ramakrishnan Raghavan of the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL).
The push for the labs came in August 2014 when Narendra Modi suggested DRDO give young talent in India opportunities and leadership abilities in challenging areas of science.
Boyd is a multiple British national champion on the track in the tandem (ten times), seven times with Gary Hibbert, once with Neil Campbell and twice with Dave Heald.
The domestic league, Swiss Serie A 1920–21, was divided into three regional groups, East, Central and West, each group with eight teams.
The other teams playing in this group were the two teams from the capital, Young Boys Bern and FC Bern as well as Aarau, Luzern and Biel-Bienne.
Eight of the first ten games ended in a defeat, in fact the first victory was the eleventh round match against FC Bern.
The Sánchez II Government was formed on 13 January 2020 following Pedro Sánchez's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 7 January and his swearing-in on 8 January, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the November 2019 general election.
It succeeded the first Sánchez government and is the incumbent Government of Spain since 13 January 2020, a total of days.
The cabinet comprised members of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Unidas Podemos as well as independents proposed by both parties, to become the first nationwide coalition government to be formed in Spain since the Second Spanish Republic.
At 22 ministries, it is the second largest cabinet in Spain since the country's transition to democracy, only behind the Suárez III Government; the first time that a government includes four deputy prime ministers; and the third oldest government to be formed, with a median age of 54.2 upon its formation.
The Council of Ministers is structured into the offices for the prime minister, the four deputy prime ministers, 22 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.
Pedro Sánchez's second government is organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure may vary depending on the ministerial department.
Histologically these lesions are characterised by (1) an inflammatory background (2) a prominent myxoid component (3) enlarged atypical cells with prominent nucleoli and (4) often a bizarrely shaped nucleus.
The meat, often accompanied by vegetables, is cooked with heated stones in a sealed milk can (khorkhog) or the deboned body of the animals.
Its goals are to enhance the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and to assist persons with disabilities through awareness raising and impact litigation.
Together with a group of disabled persons, In 2016, Drupis initiated another procedure claiming that the new legislation was still not in line with the Convention.
In months preceding the European Parliament elections of 2019, the Association argued in favor of voting rights of persons with intellectual disabilities..
Drupis is active in a Council of Europe procedure of execution of the judgment Produkcija Plus v. Slovenia, in which the European Court of Human Rights found that lack of public hearings in some Slovenian courts violates rights of the petitioners.
Drupis sent its proposals co-signed by six university professors of the University of Primorska, University of Maribor, Alma Mater Europaea, and Nova University.
Drupis also submitted a third party intervention in the European Court of Human Rights cases Toplak against Slovenia and Mrak against Slovenia.
John W. Donnellan (June 8, 1841 – July 26, 1917) was an American politician who served as the 1st Treasurer of the Wyoming Territory as a Democrat.
John W. Donnellan was born on June 8, 1841 in County Clare, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and his family immigrated to the United States and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio.
In 1861 he joined the 83rd Ohio Infantry and later was made a lieutenant colonel in the 27th Colored Infantry Regiment.
On December 21, 1869 President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him as Treasurer of the Wyoming Territory and served until October 26, 1872.
In 1870 he married Marion J. Donnellan and moved back to Laramie in 1876 where he served as a probate judge.
Afterwards he moved to Salt Lake City and worked for a banking company and then to Sacramento in 1903 due to his wife's poor health.
Sean Lane is an English former professional footballer who played mostly as a striker/midfielder for Hereford United FC and Derby County FC.
Lane moved to play in the National Soccer League in Australia, playing well over 100 games for Preston Macedonia and Brunswick Juventus.
Lane's playing career that showed great promise from very early on, when Lane won selection at 15 in the England Schoolboys side before earning his first professional contract at the age of 16 with Fourth Division club Hereford United FC.
After two seasons with Hereford the young midfielder earned a transfer to Second Division outfit Derby County FC, then coached by the legendary Peter Taylor.
After being released by Derby County Lane's next move was to Australia, acting on an invitation from ex Hereford United colleague Ian Dobson, who was playing football in Melbourne.
His second stint with Preston led to that first experience in coaching when Ollerton fell victim to the team's poor start to the season.
But despite his team losing only five of his thirteen games in charge Lane, at 31, felt he was not ready for coaching and he instead handed over to Norrie Pate before season's end.
In 2016, Brisbane Strikers promoted Youth Men's coach Sean Lane to the club's Head Coach role for the PlayStation 4 National Premier Leagues 2017 season.
In 2017, Gold Coast United FC scored a major coup leading into their inaugural NPLQ season in 2018, signing Sean Lane as senior men's coach.
Lane took Brisbane Strikers to the league title in the just-completed NPLQ season, but has opted to join the new Gold Coast franchise.
In 2018, Sean Lane resigned from the position of Head Coach of the Gold Coast United Men's squad at the end of the regular season.
On 6 April 2019, Lane was named as the new Head Coach of Bangladesh Premier League side Dhaka Mohammedan.Mohammedan lost Lane's first league match 4–1 to Bashundhara Kings.
In his first Dhaka Derby in charge, Lane guided Dhaka Mohammedan to their first win in four years with a 4–0 victory over Dhaka Abahani in 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League.This win also equal their biggest ever Dhaka Derby victory.
On 30 December 2019, Dhaka Mohammedan reached the semifinal of the TVS 31st Federation Cup eliminating Chittagong Abahani by 2-0 goals in the second quarterfinal.
During World War I he opposed war with Germany, making it clear that if war was to be fought he preferred to fight the Entente.
He was also famous in the speedboating world as an amateur speedboat racer, and was profiled in the Nov. 1932 edition of MotorBoating magazine.
Doris May Gentile (; 30 October 1894 – 16 May 1972) was an Australian novelist and short story writer, who travelled and wrote in Africa, Europe and Canada from 1925 until the Second World War.
She was born Doris May Dinham in the Sydney suburb of Woolwich—her parents were English engraver Harry Charles Dinham and his Tasmanian-born wife Ida Margaret Pybus.
Schmidt was a research assistant at the Arnold Schönberg-Institute of the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, the German Academic Exchange Service, Thyssen and the scholarships in Austria, Italy and several times in the USA.
Schmidt has spent many years of teaching (as lecturer, substitute and visiting professor) at universities in Austria, Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands in addition to his academic duties as music journalist, exhibition curator and concert dramaturg.
He is a board member of several foundations and forums, 2010-2017 he was a member of the board of directors of the NCCR Eikones (Basel).
Schmidt's work focuses on the history and aesthetics of music of the 18th to 20th centuries (books on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johannes Brahms, Arnold Schönberg and Ernst Krenek, among others).
Schmidt is also particularly interested in persons and phenomena that lie beyond canonized historiography: for example, he has worked together with students on exhibitions and publications on the composers Felix Weingartner and Yevgeny Gunst as well as on the Swiss origins of the national anthem of Lesotho.
But where Schmidt relied on himself, there were numerous mistakes in his explanations, each of which testified to insufficient knowledge of the music texts.
The Young Country Doctor is a series of books by former general practitioner Vernon Coleman describing the work, life and adventures of a traditional country doctor in the 1970s.
The first book in the series was released as an unabridged digital audio book by Tantor Media in the United States in late 2019 with the following two titles to come in early 2020.
The first book follows the young doctor as he starts work as a GP, develops a romance with Patsy and makes friends in the village.
Several of the Bilbury books were serialised in a number of publications, notably The People's Friend magazine and the Dundee Courier in the UK.
The Métascouac River is a tributary of the east bank of the Métabetchouane River (via the Petit lac Métascouac), flowing in the central west part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Métascouac River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
The Métascouac river has its source at the mouth of Lac Goulet (length: in the shape of a Y whose mouth (south side) is at the base of the letter; altitude: ).
This landlocked lake is fed by: the outlet (coming from the southwest) from the Ocre and Linaigrettes lakes; the outlet (coming from the west) of Lac Chaillot; the outlet (coming from the northwest) from Lac de la Marge; the outlet (coming from the north-east) from Affatt Lake.
Lee Da-hee and Sung Si-kyung served as hosts on the first day, with Lee Seung-gi and Park So-dam on the second.
Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games was held in Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka between 16 and 22 August 2006.
The badminton programme in 2006 included men's and women's singles competitions; men's, women's and mixed doubles competitions alongside with men's and women's team events.
The former Remount Complex is an important group of early twentieth century Australian Government defence buildings at the former Enoggera Army Camp, now known as Gallipoli Barracks.
A group of five buildings, the Remount Section is a significant link to a famous, almost legendary, tradition of the Australian military: mounted units such as the Light Horse.It was added to the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004.
It was responsible for the training of thousands of Queenslanders for service in both World War I and World War II, and subsequent conflicts.
It is believed that British Imperial troops, based at Bulimba on the southern bank of the river, used the area for training exercises from as early as 1855.
Rifle and training ranges, including the old Toowong Rifle Range, were established there and subsequently used by civilian groups such as the Queensland Rifle Association and the Queensland defence forces, including volunteer militia.
After Federation in 1901 the Australian Government became responsible for defence matters, although a fully coordinated national defence force did not arise for a number of years.
Once Commonwealth military units began to be established in earnest, the government began to acquire property on a large-scale to facilitate training and accommodation of its forces.
The acquisition amalgamated four separate properties: Thompson's Paddock, Rifle Paddock, Fraser's Paddock and Bell Paddock, comprising a total of 1235 acres.
The first major improvement made by the Commonwealth was the development of a new rifle range, with mounds targets and shelter sheds.
The initial rifle range development at the site was followed by a prolonged period of initial development of the site, dating into the 1920s.
The School of Musketry, Small Arms Magazine Store and two Cordite Magazines were erected in 1910 as part of a functional complex associated with the rifle range.
Nearly all of these 1910-1913 buildings are believed to have been designed by Thomas Pye, then Deputy Government Architect of the Queensland Public Works Department, under the supervision of A.
From the early 1890s until the end of World War I the Queensland Government Architect's office was prolific in its output of new public buildings for both the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments.
In the early post-Federation years the Queensland Public Works Department often constructed new buildings on behalf of the Commonwealth, which had insufficient resources to undertake many new projects.
A talented team of architects was on hand at various stages during this time, including Brady, Pye and John Smith Murdoch.
During his tenure as Chief Architect, Southern Division, and then Deputy Government Architect, Pye designed or supervised plans for a number of Queensland's more prominent public buildings of the Federation period, including the Rockhampton Customs House, the Stanthorpe Post Office, the Woolloongabba Post Office and the Naval Offices in Brisbane.
Since World War I, the Enoggera site has been constantly developed and expanded in line with the Army's changing requirements, although many of the earliest buildings have survived with their authenticity and integrity largely intact.
The site was used by the Association in the 1850s and 1860s, but another site at Toowong was favoured by the club by the time the Commonwealth acquired the Enoggera properties.
As soon as 1908 the rifle association had returned to Enoggera, seemingly sharing the facilities with the military for a number of years.
By natural extension, and because of the skill many Australians developed in horsemanship, mounted military units figured prominently in the colonies' plans to defend themselves and the Empire.
Defended primarily by Imperial troops and ships in the first seventy years or so of European settlement, by the 1860s most Australian colonies had begun to develop fledgling navies and volunteer militia, in the context of perceived vulnerability to an invasion or annexation from Russia or other antagonistic world powers.
By the 1880s, increased coordination and cooperation between the colonies led to a more focused effort in Australia to prepare for the continent's defence.
One effect of this was the development, in each colony, of professional militia, to be supplemented by volunteers in times of emergency.
From these earliest periods of home-grown defence, the horse has been a significant figure in Australia's military identity, borne on the reputation of the Australian bushman.
Queensland's first colonial militia were raised in 1859, the year of its separation from New South Wales as an independent colony.
At the outbreak of the Boer War, Queensland was the first of the Australian colonies to offer troops, the first contingent of which left for South Africa in November 1899.
By 1913 the Commonwealth had established a remount complex at Enoggera to service the Queensland contingent of the Light Horse, similar to remount areas built simultaneously in other states, such as Maribyrnong (Victoria), Glenthorne (South Australia) and Holsworthy, New South Wales.
Two of the units based at Enoggera, the 3rd Infantry Battalion AIF and the 2nd Light Horse, were among the first Australian troops called up for overseas service late in 1914.
Many of those who enlisted in the Light Horse brought their own horses, which were purchased by the Commonwealth, while others were issued with Commonwealth mounts, Walers, generally trained and broken at the remount depot.
On 16 September 1914 the Light Horse recruits and regulars were formally inspected by the Governor General, Sir Ronald Ferguson and, four days later, over 2000 troops of the first expeditionary force marched through Brisbane.
During the course of the war, Australian mounted units impressed allies and foes alike, and it became apparent that the Waler horses, so named for their New South Wales breeding, had developed a reputation as the world's finest cavalry horse.
The 2nd Light Horse arrived in Cairo, Egypt, in January 1915 and took part in the ill-fated invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey in late April of that year.
The Light Horse served at Gallipoli in a dismounted role, the terrain at Anzac/Ari Burnu being poorly suited to cavalry manoeuvres.
At Gallipoli, the 2nd Light Horse were charged with the defence of Quinn's Post in Monash Valley, vulnerable to Turkish positions which looked directly over it.
They were amongst the units required to hold the post under the brunt of a major Turkish counteroffensive on 19 May.
A significant Allied victory was achieved in Gaza, Palestine, on 27 October 1917, when the 4th Australian Light Horse charged the Turkish trenches at Beersheba, causing a rout.
Beersheba has been claimed as the last great cavalry charge in history (although this honour probably belongs to an Italian cavalry unit in Abyssinia during World War II), while some British commanders hailed it as the greatest cavalry operation in the history of the British Empire.
While such exploits did much to build the mystique and honour of the Light Horse, technological change ultimately limited its future.
After World War I the AIF was disbanded and replaced with the Citizens Military forces, presumably in anticipation of long-term world peace.
At the outbreak of World War II, Enoggera was once again used as a training camp for soldiers bound for overseas service.
Horses were used in battle for the last time in Syria in 1941, but, by this time, the Light Horse had largely been given over to armoured units.
The Enoggera Remount Depot, built in 1913, was just one of a number of remount complexes established by the Commonwealth around Australia, from 1913 until just after World War I.
Other depots were also established, with the major ones at Victoria Barracks (New South Wales), Mowbray (Tasmania), Guildford (Western Australia), Holsworthy (New South Wales), Keswick (South Australia), and Glenthorne (South Australia).
The Holsworthy depot probably survives as subsurface archaeological remains only, while only part of the 1917 stables building at Victoria Barracks (Sydney) has survived.
At Glenthorne, in South Australia, the remount depot was converted from an old homestead, and few purpose-built remnants of the depot have survived.
This depot, established in 1913, incorporated the former racing stables of trainers CB and H Fisher, which is the only surviving element of this complex today.
Bridges, an officer who died at Gallipoli in May 1915, reputedly the only military horse to return home to Australia after World War I.
There is good evidence to suggest, therefore, that the former Enoggera Remount Complex is not only the most intact surviving Commonwealth remount depot, but that it is the only fully intact example of such a complex.
Although there have been modifications to its buildings, the complex, which is no longer used for its original purpose, all of the buildings remain in situ and intact, with substantial original fabric.
Furthermore, they also still fully demonstrate the appearance and function of a Commonwealth remount depot, and its related military function that was once essential to what a crucial element of Australia's military forces, the Mounted Infantry and the Light Horse.
The complex consists of five main buildings: the Barracks Block (E67), Fodder Store (E68), Carpenter's Store and Saddlery (E69), Farriery (E70) and Infirmary Building (E71).
The Barracks Block (E67) was built as accommodation for men in two dormitories, each 36 feet by 22 feet (10.97 x 6.7 metres).
During World War II the Barracks Block was converted to the quarters of the Officer in Charge and headquarters of the Remount Depot.
The dormitories and Sergeant's room were divided down the centre and transformed into two married quarters, while the mess area was converted to an office and headquarters.
In 1952 the old dormitory wing was converted again, into an officers' lounge and billiards room, with other minor internal modifications.
The front section consists of the former barracks block, a highset timber building with entry via a timber staircase and an enclosed central timber verandah.
The building is clad in a cream timber weatherboard, with a white corrugated iron roof, which is gabled to the front entry verandah (with a white horizontal timber-strip infill) and half-gabled to the side elevations, with red gutters and trims.
Internally, spaces have been extensively remodelled over time to accommodate changing purposes, although some original wall, door, ceiling and floor fabric survives in situ.
The other two sections of the building, the mess room and the kitchen, are similar in composition, but considerably smaller than the front building.
Opposite the front entrance, bounded by the junction of Lavarack Parade and Wynter Road, is a large landscaped garden zone, part of the recreational spaces of the original Remount Depot Barracks Block.
Some minor alterations and additions have been made more recently, including the enclosing of the verandahs and a 1950s timber extension to the rear.
The foundations are a combination of original timber and later concrete stumps, the former having been affected by termite activity in places.
While a great deal of original building fabric remains, including floors, cladding, roofing and some windows and doors, it is in relatively poor condition.
The Carpenter's Store and Saddlery (E69) was constructed after the other buildings in the complex, being added during World War I, primarily for the purpose of storing and repairing saddles.
The Farriery (E70) originally consisted of a shoeing shed and blacksmith's area and lean-to, featuring an open forge with ash floor and a red brick chimney.
The Farriery has undergone several minor modifications since 1913, including the addition of some doors and windows, while the forge and brick chimney have been removed.
The timber cladding and the majority of the roofing are original, as are a large proportion of the windows and internal lining and trims.
It originally contained stable accommodation for ten horses, with each horse contained in 13 by 13 foot (3.96 by 3.96 metre) stalls.
The floor was constructed of wood block pavers, which sloped to the middle of the building, connecting to a drainage system and absorbing pits.
The original feed boxes were removed in 1961 when the building was converted for use as a RAEME depot attached to the 3RAR.
Most of the external cladding and roofing is original, although significant modifications have been made to the internal make-up of the building, to accommodate changing functions, which has had some impact on the internal and external fabric.
The original plans show the Infirmary building designed in a vee shape, with each length of the building branching off at a ninety-degree angle, one east-west and the other north-south.
Each length contained five individual stable cubicles, each with its own door, serviced by fodder stores at the end of each row of stalls.
The plans also show a planned extension, which was a mirror image of the existing building, built to the southern end of the site, although this was never built.
The original stable doors have been filled in, with windows inserted, and most of the partitions between the former stable cubicles have been removed, except for three converted single rooms at the southern end.
New doorways, windows and internal partitions have been added in various places, although much of the internal tongue and groove lining, windows and doors still remain.
In addition to the large number of roof ventilators, there is also a system of wall ventilation, which provides overlapping gaps between the first four weatherboards below the roofline to allow circulation of air.
The former Remount Complex at Enoggera features two distinct precincts, separated by Wynter Road, which runs through the complex on a north-south axis.
Two more recent unrelated buildings (E80 and E82) built on the site of the proposed extension to E71, intrude on this area somewhat.
Gallipoli Barracks, in general, has been planned and constructed as a series of open areas, with minimal fencing only around secure compounds.
In the early periods of its existence the remount section was situated along the eastern boundary of the military range site.
Immediately west of and with a direct relationship to this complex, were the horse paddocks, where training and instruction in horsemanship and cavalry tactics was conducted.
During and following World War II, however, as the value of military horsemanship declined and other needs gained precedence, the area was subsumed, with a series of new buildings occupying these spaces.
While the building has undergone several internal modifications, original fabric is still present and the original layout can be discerned from this.
The complex is probably the most intact former Commonwealth remount depot in Australia, featuring infirmary and stables, saddlery, farriery, fodder store, and barracks, and as such may be the only site where a full appreciation of the role and function of remount depots in Australian defence history can be achieved.
The buildings of the former remount depot at Enoggera are pragmatic, stylish but modest in detail, with custom-designed adaptations to Brisbane's subtropical climate, such as the ventilated weatherboards on the stable cubicles of the Infirmary Building.
The former Remount Complex at Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, built in 1913 by the Queensland Public Works Department on behalf of the Commonwealth, is of considerable historical significance.
It comprises five buildings and landscape elements particular to the function of a military remount depot, designed for the training and treatment of horses, used so effectively by Australian forces in World War I.
The former Remount Complex buildings are an integral component of a suite of pre-World War I Commonwealth buildings at Enoggera, including the Small Arms Magazine, former School of Musketry and former Small Arms Magazine.
Each of these buildings reflects a significant phase in the construction of government infrastructure in Australia, where Commonwealth buildings were often designed and built by state public works departments on behalf of the Commonwealth.
While some modifications have been made, the buildings remain in their original locations with their original interrelationships intact; these early twentieth century functions and design can still be seen clearly in their form, fabric and appearance.
The buildings form a discrete complex, which was once enhanced by an adjacent horse paddock, now subsumed by more recent buildings.
The former Remount Complex is associated with Australia's legendary mounted soldiers, especially the Light Horse, whose exploits at Gallipoli, Beersheba and Jerusalem ensured for them a place as one of Australia's most revered battle units, and a reputation as one of the most successful cavalry forces in history.
The complex at Enoggera is closely associated with Queensland's cavalry units, particularly the 2nd Light Horse, descended from the Queensland colonial militia, and the Queensland Mounted Infantry and Mounted Rifles, over 2000 of whom were trained at Enoggera for battle as the first colonial Australian force to be committed to the South African War of 1899-1902.
B. Brady, and his colleagues at the Queensland Government Architects Office, contributed a considerable number of buildings for the Commonwealth government in the post-federation period.
The Mediterranean Wall, also known as the Southern Wall ( in German), was an extensive system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany during the Second World War, between 1943 and 1945.
The project foresaw that the fortifications would extend along all the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea of southern France, from Cerbère to Menton, so as to prevent Allied landings in the South of France.
The 19th Army of the Wehrmacht (Armeeoberkommando 19 (AOK 19)) defended 7 coastal defense sectors (; KVA) covering the 864 km of the French Mediterranean coast from the Spanish border to the Italian border.
At the time of Allies landing in Provence, the defensive line consisted of about 500 defensive blocks, while about 200 were still under construction.
It also served the Musical Club, the Women's Club, the Baseball Club, and the Commercial Club, and was available for use by other local groups.
In 1940, the Kendrick Grange #413, a chapter of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, was established and also used the building.
He made his FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup debut in September 2016, made his first podium in September 2018 in Midtstubakken, and won his first race in January 2019 in Klingenthal.
He collected his first World Cup points with a 29th place in January 2019 in Sapporo, and broke the top 20 for the first time when finishing 19th in Nizhny Tagil in December 2019.
Julien Bayou, born June 11, 1980 in Paris, is a French activist and politician, regional councilor of Île-de-France and national secretary of the Europe Écologie Les Verts party.
His grandmother Marguerite is the former mayor of Saint-Chinian and his grandfather is Raoul Bayou, a former socialist deputy mayor of Cessenon-sur-Orb.
Bayou studied at the Turgot high school, before entering the Institute of Political Studies in Strasbourg and then the Institute of Political Studies in Paris.
He obtained a degree in international economics, carried out in part during an internship in the writing of Alternatives Economiques, drawing up an inventory of internships in companies in France.
In 2013, he was in charge of campaigns for Avaaz, an NGO which mobilizes on various international issues, such as climate change, human rights, corruption and poverty.
It is in this context that he takes part in the campaign to liberate the young Sevil Sevimli, a Franco-Turkish student imprisoned in Turkey for having participated in a concert.
Plunket Street Meeting House, was the site of two churches, first a Presbyterian Church, then an independent reformed faith evangelical church on Plunket Street (now Dillon Street), Dublin.
It was acquired by Lady Huntingdon who funded its refurbishment and reopening in 1773, the church used the Church of Ireland liturgy.
Although not a consecrated chapel in the established church, a number of evangelical Church of Ireland clergy preached at the Meeting house, such as the Hymn writer Rev.
The English Independent minister Timothy Priestley preached at the church on the invitation of Lady Huntington, he was followed as minister by Rev.
William Cooper (secretary of the Irish Evangelical Society), who was presented with a Silver Cup for use as a Tabernacle in the Chapel, by Town Major Henry Charles Sirr.
Simpson G. Morrison (ordained an Independent Minister, he was also from the Irish Evangelical Society), became minister and began reviving the fortunes of the Chapel, Morrison became Presbyterian minister of Union Chapel, Lower Abbey Street, and the Plunket Street Congregation joined up with the Union Chapel.
Starting 1991, he did a parallel study of Geography at the University of Liège; he obtained the degree of Licentiate in Geography in 1995, with a dissertation on soil erosion in Ethiopia.
Between 1998 and 2001 he carried out PhD research at KU Leuven University (Belgium), in which he investigated the role of human and natural processes in land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands.
Promoters of this research were professors Jean Poesen, Seppe Deckers (both at KU Leuven), Jan Moeyersons (Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren) and Mitiku Haile (Mekelle University in Ethiopia).
Since 2007 he is professor at the Department of Geography of Ghent University; in 2014 he was appointed as Full Professor.
Nyssen’s research showed that high levels of soil loss in the Ethiopian highlands are caused by a combination of erosive rainfall, steep slopes (as a consequence of rapid tectonic uplift during Pliocene and Pleistocene), and impacts of deforestation, overgrazing, an agricultural system where the open-field system dominates, and the aftermath of povery induced by the feudalism.
He further studied in the Ethiopian highlands how the high density of soil and water conservation structures led to land resilience.
In all this, he strongly values indigenous knowledge, as he observed that Ethiopian farmers plough the same lands and hills since thousands of years with their oxen plough.
Through the years, he lived the many changes that occurred; since his first stay in 1994, he observed that the amount of food available to rural households, as well as the overall living standard has strongly improved.
The research confirmed that such dams have a buffering effect on discharges: downstream the peak discharges are much lower that what was observed before beaver reintroduction.
He promoted dozens of Master and PhD theses, particularly at Ugent (Belgium), KU Leuven (Belgium), Mekelle University (Ethiopia) and Bahir Dar University (Ethiopia).
For instance, in Ethiopia he monitored how large tracts of land could be restored thanks to the conservation activities of millions of farmers.
Starting point are the consequences of climate change for the inhabitants of developing countries, such as Ethiopia: increases in rainfall are linked to climate change.
Yet, as rain is highly seasonal (most of the rains fall within two months time), additional rain in the rainy season also leads to floodings and catastrophes.
Nyssen also stresses the social context of global warming, inasmuch as authorities stimulate unnecessary energy consumption such as tax-free company cars or non-taxation of kerosene; they also make airport expansion plans.
Also in Ethiopia, he continues to support the population of the villages where he stays several weeks a year, among others through projects for water and ecological sanitation as well as carbon sequestration in soils.
The bottom two teams played in a new group with the teams they did not play against in the group stage.
Judith Walden Scarafile (born January 31, 1949) is the former president of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL), serving from 1991 to 2015.
A graduate of the University of Connecticut and MCPHS University, Scarafile joined the Cape Cod League as an official scorer while a student at Connecticut, and became publicity assistant to league executive Dick Bresciani.
She soon rose to other positions in the league, including publicist, secretary, deputy commissioner, and vice president, prior to being appointed president in 1991.
Under her leadership the league experienced a period of sustained development, procured dozens of major corporate sponsors, and saw hundreds of its collegiate players go on to careers in Major League Baseball.
As a member of the Yawkey Foundation board of trustees, Scarafile was instrumental in securing major field improvement grants for each of the CCBL home ballparks.
One of Scarafile's early challenges came while serving as the league's official scorer, covering the 1970 CCBL all-star game at Yankee Stadium.
Shortly before game time, stadium security informed her that she could not remain in the press box area, which at the time was reserved for men only.
A total of 31 teams from 31 countries participate in the qualifying tournaments to determine which six teams will play in the 2020 BAL regular season, along with six directly placed six teams.
The following is a list of clubs who have played in the BAL Qualifying Tournaments at any time since its formation in 2019.
Anthony C. Campbell (April 1, 1853 – September 8, 1932) was an American attorney and politician who served as the United States attorney for the Territory of Wyoming as a Democrat.
He was educated in public schools and later graduated from law school before being admitted to the legal bar in 1876.
In 1881 he moved to Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory and on June 8, 1885 he was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as United States attorney for the Territory of Wyoming and served until 1890.
In 1889 he was selected as one of the Democratic delegates to the Wyoming constitutional convention to draft its constitution to be submitted for statehood.
He was later appointed by President William Howard Taft as chief law officer of the reclamation service until 1910 to become counsel for the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.
In 1912 he moved to Casper, Wyoming to become an attorney for multiple oil companies and in 1917 he served as president of the Wyoming Bar Association.
Its molecule consists of a six-member ring of three silicon atoms alternating with three nitrogen atoms, with two methyl groups bonded to each silicon and one hydrogen atom bonded to each nitrogen.
It can be described as a derivative of the hypothetical compound cyclotrisilazane , or as a cyclic trimer of hypothetical dimethylsilazane .
The compound has been extensively studied because of its applications in the semiconductor industry, as a precursor for the deposition of fils of silicon nitride and silicon carbonitride and as an additive in photoresist formulations.
The compound was obtained in 1948 by Brewer and Haber by introducing dimethyldichlorosilane into liquid ammonia , and then extracting the precipitate with benzene.
Baah had previously been at Crystal Palace FC where he has courted controversy as a ball boy in a match against fellow London rivals West Ham United when he tried to stop the opponents time wasting by placing the ball in the six yard area for the goalkeeper Lukasz Fabianski.
On October 1 2019 Baah made his first team league debut for Rochdale appearing as a substitute for Aaron Wilbraham against Bolton Wanderers.
Yonit Naaman (in Hebrew: יונית נעמן; born March 13, 1975) is an Israeli poet, essayist, editor, and literary and cultural researcher.
She completed her bachelor's degree in literature at Tel Aviv University, and her Master of Arts degree in religious studies at University of Cambridge.
Because I am, how can I put this gently, a leftist, the world in all its glory seems spoiled for me.
Social activist Aviv Snir, however, lauded the straightforward way in which Naaman tackles a wide range of issues, from carb addiction to the profusion of prostitution calling cards on the sidewalks of Tel Aviv.
In December 2019, Naaman was announced as one of the recipients of the Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works for 2020.
The Kolochin culture appears to have had relations with these Slavs to their south, and this may have been a source for linguistic exchanges between Baltic and Slavic languages.
Indiana Denchev Vassilev (; born February 16, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Premier League team Aston Villa.
He has represented the USA at the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup and has made appearances for the United States men's national under-20 soccer team.
He was first scouted by Aston Villa in November 2016, and then again whilst representing the USA at the 2017 Under-17s World Cup.
His coach at the IMG Academy, Kevin Hartman described him as having great leadership qualities and all the attributes he thought were required for him to play at the very top level.
Vassilev started playing for Aston Villa's U23 team in the Premier League 2, scoring 4 goals in his first 6 games of the 2019–20 season.
He was rewarded with a place in Aston Villa's first team on January 4, 2020, when he made his first appearance, coming off the bench to replace Marvelous Nakamba in an FA Cup tie against Fulham.
On January 18, 2020, Vassilev made his Premier League debut, coming on as a substitute in the 67th minute, in a 1–1 draw away to Brighton & Hove Albion.
He has represented the USA at the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup and has made appearances for the United States men's national under-20 soccer team.
In the beginning of 2020, Georgi Dermendzhiev stated, that Vassilev declined a call up for Bulgaria U21 team to keep representing the United States U20.
Unity Operating System (also known as Unified Operating System or UOS) is a Chinese Linux distribution developed by Tongxin Software based on Deepin and commissioned by the People's Republic of China to replace foreign operating systems like Microsoft Windows.
The operating system is primarily aimed at the Chinese market and is intended to replace Microsoft Windows in the country by 2022.
There the whole KX-6000 series is already supported by the desktop version as well as the KH-30000 series for server version.
She attended middle school but was unable to continue her education after her mother died in an accident when she was 15.
After the war, she joined the Norwegian Communist Party but as a result she faced strong opposition from the Labour Party and was forced to leave the Communists.
To help her cause, she joined the Women's Association where she fought for equal pay and day care services for children.
Decorations found on ceramics, and the presence of stone rings and cromlechs around the base of the tumuli, indicate that a sun cult existed among the Komarov people.
The Komarov culture is believed to have originated within the Corded Ware horizon, with which is shares numerous similarites, including burial rites, ceramics and metallurgical traditions.
The Best Footballer in Asia 2019, recognizing the best male footballer in Asia in 2019, is the 7th edition of the Best Footballer in Asia, presented by Titan Sports.
It was his 3rd Best Footballer in Asia title in a row, and the 5th in the previous 6 years.The event was judged by a panel of 51 sports journalists.
With 31.6% of all points awarded, Son Heung-min achieved the highest tally of Best Footballer in Asia in history at the time.
51 judges were invited to vote, including 37 representatives from AFC nations/regions which comprise Afghanistan, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, United Arabic Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and Yemen.
Each juror selects 5 best footballers and awards them 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point respectively from their first choice to the fifth choice.
Hermatobates is a genus of wingless marine bugs placed as the sole genus in the family Hermatobatidae that are sometimes known as coral-treaders.
During low tide, they move over the water surface not unlike the more familiar water-striders around coral atolls and reefs and stay submerged in reef crevices during high tide.
George Carpenter in 1892 on the basis of a single specimen obtained from Mabuiag Island in the Torres Straits by Alfred Cort Haddon.
They are differentiated from the striders in the Gerridae by the presence of three tarsal segments on all the legs and with pre-apical claws only on the fore-tarsi.
Fakkeltog is the first album by Norwegian band Bridges, the band Paul Waaktaar-Savoy and Magne Furuholmen used to be in before meeting Morten Harket and becoming a-ha.
According to a study by Sabancı University 20% of Turkey's electricity could be generated from wind and solar by 2026 with no extra transmission costs, and 30% with a minor increase in grid investment.
Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription or Ihe Ashete inscription is an inscription erected by Bilge Ishbara Tamgan Tarkhan, son of Ashina Duoxifu.
Henry S. Elliott (March 26, 1858 – April 22, 1942) was an American attorney and politician who served as the United States Commissioner for the Western District of Washington as a Democrat.
In 1882 he moved to Wyoming and served as prosecuting attorney of Johnson County for two terms and as mayor of Buffalo for one term.
In 1889 he was selected as one of the Democratic delegates to the Wyoming constitutional convention to draft its constitution to be submitted for statehood and served as temporary chairman.
On April 13, 1923 he was appointed as United States Commissioner for the Western District of Washington, Northern Divisions and served until March 26, 1942.
The Kaigarayama Shell Midden is associated with the neighboring Asahi village ruins, which is located 20 minutes on foot from Shin-Kiyosu Station on the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line.
The site is in a low-lying alluvial area of the Kiso River, five meters above the modern sea level, at the northern end of the Nōbi Plain.
The lowest layer of the midden dates from the final stages of the Jōmon period and the upper strata is from the early Kofun period, so the midden spans the whole of the Yayoi period.
Along with the usual clam shells and fish and animal bones, the midden was found to contain many examples of stoneware and earthenware pottery.
The presence of early Yayoi pottery typical of the Onga River of western Japan, and streak-type Jōmon pottery shards typically from eastern Japan together in the same strata indicate that both cultures co-existed for a time in the same settlement.
The midden was discovered in 1929, and was excavated in 1972 due to construction of an interchange junction on Japan National Route 302.
The Asahi village ruins are one of the largest Yayoi period settlement ruins in Japan, and extended for 1.4 kilometers east-west by 0.8 kilometers north-south and had an estimated population of over 1000 people.
Its men's football team recently competed in the Albanian Third Division and the women's team has competed at the Albanian Women's National Championship as recently as 2015.
On 18 October 1880 the Honorary Secretary of the Scottish Rugby Union, Mr. Brewis, announced a new District fixture: the North of Scotland District versus the South of Scotland District.
He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his first-class debut on 31 January 2020, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
Heinz Günther Joachim was born in Berlin a few months after the end of the First World War, the first-born of his parents' five sons.
At around the time of their marriage Heinz and Marianne Joachim became members of what came to be known as the Baum group, a circle of forced labourers living in Berlin.
Although discussion topics ranged widely, one of the things that the friends discussed with increasing intensity was how they might undermine the Nazi government.
The arson attack inflicted relatively little physical damage on the exhibition, which re-opened the next day, but news of it had a more lasting impact.
Alfons Joachim, the fathr of Heinz, was the subject of a denunciation in July 1944: he is known to have died on 4 December 1944 at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
He is the Frederick B. Rentschler II Professor of Sociology and Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University, where he is also Director of the Center for Medicine, Health, and Society.
He received two bachelor's degrees, one in biology and one in English literature, from the University of Missouri, Kansas City, where he went on to earn his M.D..
He became an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Women’s Studies Program there in 2001 and was named Director of their Program in Culture, Health, and Medicine in 2003.
In 2011, he became the Frederick B. Rentschler II Professor of Sociology and Psychiatry and director of the Center for Medicine, Health, and Society at Vanderbilt University.
Decoupling is a self-help technique developed for body-focused and related behaviors (DSM-5) such as trichotillomania, onychophagia (nail biting) and skin picking.
The affected person is instructed to modify the original dysfunctional behavioral path by performing a counter-movement shortly before completing the self-injurious behavior (e.g.
This is intended to trigger an irritation, which enables the person to detect and stop the compulsive behavior at an early stage.
The Novodanilovka group, also called the Novodanilovka culture, was a Copper Age culture which flourished along the lower Dnieper and the steppes of Ukraine from ca.
The burials are similar to those of the Sredny Stog culture, but the burials are more elaborate with chambers of stone coverings.
It has been suggested that this is a reflection of an aristocratic element of the Sredny Stog culture, rather than a separate cultural group.
Dokgo Rewind (Korean: 독고 리와인드; RR: Doggo Liwaindeu) is a 2018 South Korean action web-film based on popular webtoon of the same name by Meen and Baek Seung-hoon.
The web-film deals with bullying, violence and corruption within the high schools among the delinquent circle and how three boys from different lives come together to fight school violence.
2 years later, he is a dropout and hangs out with his two friends: Choi Jae-Wook (Shin Won-ho) and Goo Bon-hwan (Lee Bum-kyu) who are also dropouts.
One day, Hyuk and his friends save Kim Kyu-soon who was getting bullied at the alley, Kyu-soon befriends them asks them to help him protect his sister, Kim Hyun-sun (Mina).
He tells about the Ki Cheon High and Dang Young High school alliances, a group of delinquents who bullies students and takes money from them to support their circles.
Kim Jong-il (Jo Byung-gyu), a Ki Cheon High student does not want to be the part of the circle hence he wants to leave and live his life normally.
He showed impressive fighting skills with a pen and after that, he left the circle and promised Kang-hoon never to fight.
Pyo Tae-jin (Ahn Bo-hyun), a wrestler from Dang Young High's wrestling team, meets Hyuk and his friends in the same alley and befriends them.
While Jong-il fights with the Dang Young High students by breaking the promise whereas Hyuk and his friends come to save Kyu-soon and Hyun-sun.
After knowing that the school does not want to take any action on Kyu-soon's death, Hyuk and Jong-il vow to take down both Dang Young and Ki Cheon High.
Hyun-sun says Sung-kyu to ask her and Kyu-soon forgiveness for all the wrongdoings hence putting an end to Dang Young High circle.
Hyuk and Jong-il fight with each other as a part of practice following Jong-il losing to Jin-hwan whereas Tae-jin gets beaten up by Kang-hoon.
The same night Hyuk got a phone call, where he gets to know his older twin brother, Kang Hu was beaten to an inch of his life.
Ibrahim Al Otaybi (, born January 15, 1997) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who currently plays for Al-Taawoun as a Midfielder.
Al Otaybi started his career with Al-Taawoun where he was promoted from the youth team to the first team in 2019.
The strengthening of neutral or positive associations is aimed to weaken dysfunctional associations (fan-effect) in order to attenuate compulsive urges (e.g., washing, checking).
The technique is based on semantic network models as well as studies showing that mental associations in patients with OCD are restricted to the obsessive-compulsive meaning.
A short instruction of the technique as well as a related method (attention splitting), which aims to attenuate the over-focusing of external stimuli, is part of a metacognitive self-help (myMCT) , which leads to a significant improvement of OCD symptoms according to a meta-analysis .
At the time of its opening, it was the largest photovoltaic power station in Europe, replacing Cestas Solar Park in France.
Forget Self-Help: Re-examining the Golden Rule is a Christian non-fictional book written by Thomas Fellows that examines the Golden Rule that can be found in Matthew 7:12.
The book received widespread media attention in the Southern United States, being featured by five newspapers in Alabama, one magazine and eight newspapers in Georgia, one newspaper in North Carolina, one newspaper in Mississippi, one newspaper in Tennessee, one newspaper in Virginia, two newspapers in Louisiana, and one newspaper in Arkansas.
I have framed pictures of both Lee and King in my condo in Atlanta.” In the same interview, Fellows would go onto explain that reading Lee's quotes during his first depression benefitted him greatly.
I ultimately believe this because as white people, and as Atticus Finch would encourage us, we need to step into the skin of black people and realize why they might be offended by the statues still being there.
Among the first in her family to attend college, her parents insisted on investing in her early education, paving the way for her to receive a full academic scholarship at George Washington University, where she earned a double-major in international business and entrepreneurship.
His association with the famous knight Antarah ibn Shaddad is because the two were from the same tribe, the Banu Abs.
Of these, five are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
María Yanina Fernández Birriel (born 19 April 1994), known as Yanina Fernández, is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a centre back.
The Oman Handball Association () (OHA) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in Sultanate of Oman.
His father Rrok Kodheli, worked as a gardner at the estate of Italian photographer Pietro Marubbi from Piacenza, who had recently settled in Albania after being forced to leave his native country for being accused of involvement in the murder of the local town mayor.
Only two negatives of his work collection have survived, a 1878 photograph of the Shkodër Musical Band, whom he was a member of, and a photograph of his childhood friend Kolë Idromeno.
A midfielder, Hammar began his career in the academy at IF Brommapojkarna and received his maiden call into the first team squad for a Superettan match versus Åtvidabergs FF on 23 September 2017.
During the remainder of the 2018 season, he made 13 appearances and scored four goals, before leaving the club in January 2019.
On 29 January 2019, Hammar moved to England to join the B team at Championship club Brentford on an 18-month contract, with the option for a further year.
He scored one of the goals in Brentford B's 4–0 2019 Middlesex Senior Cup Final victory over Harrow Borough and finished the 2018–19 season with 16 appearances and two goals.
Hammar was a part of the first team squad throughout much of the 2019–20 pre-season and despite missing three months with an injury, he was an unused substitute on four occasions during the first half of the regular season.
Hammar made his debut as a late substitute for Jan Žambůrek in a 1–0 FA Cup third round victory over Stoke City on 4 January 2020.
He was a part of Sweden's 2018 UEFA European U17 Championship squad and scored two goals in three appearances at the tournament.
The United Arab Emirates Handball Federation () (UAEHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in United Arab Emirates.
The Lac Bouchette is a fresh water body located in the municipality of Lac-Bouchette, in the MRC Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac Bouchette is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to mid-March.
Lac Bouchette receives by its southern point the waters of the rivière des Commissaires which flows for towards the northeast at the limit of ranges V1 and V11, from lac des Commissaires.
The plans of the Mapping Service of the Ministry of Energy and Resources, of the Government of Quebec, indicate this segment of river as the Ouiatchouane River.
With a length of (in a north-south direction), Ouiatchouane Lake is located adjacent north of Bouchette Lake, in ranges V and V1.
The route 155, connecting La Tuque and Chambord (Lac Saint-Jean), runs along the eastern part of the Bouchette lakes and Ouiatchouane.
The main tributaries of the eastern shore of Lac Bouchette are: 7e rang stream, Bouchard-Cloutier stream and Ruisseau Thibault which feeds on Lac Castor.
Lac Trévis is located parallel to Lac Bouchette (distance of 1.1 km for the southern part of each lake), to the west, in range 7.
This zone begins at Baie de la Grèle, located at the mouth of lac des Commissaires and extends in range V11 from lot 40 to lot 23.
Covering an area of 29 km² and a length of 29 km, the lac des Commissioners stretches from north to south.
The mouth of Ouiatchouane Lake drains from the northwest to the bottom of a bay ( deep) in the Ouiatchouane River.
The Ouiatchouane River flows mainly in the woods, except the last two kilometers of its route which are agricultural in nature .
This expedition follows the vote on a plan by the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada to establish new places of colonization.
In 1828, the surveyor Joseph Bouchette (1774-1841) who led an expedition in the Lac-Saint-Jean region, was accompanied by commissioners Andrew and David Stuart.
Then, they borrowed the Bostonnais River to go up to the head lakes where it is possible to change the catchment area in particular by using the Métabetchouan river, to descend to Lac Saint-Jean.
In the 1990s, together with her partner Werner Bauer, she established a women's centre in Homa Bay in western Kenya which focused on tree-planting and craft projects for women in the villages.
She then returned to Sweden where in 2007 she called for women's action on achieving a world free of nuclear weapons.
In 1976, she became interested in nuclear disarmament, joined Härnösand Folk High School as an environmental advisor and took part in anti-nuclear demonstrations.
Together with Anna Horn and the Future Tree project, they created a self-sufficient centre where they developed handicraft project for women in the surrounding villages.
After moving to Stockholm, despite failing health, she continued to be an active pacifist in her later yearsalmost to the end of her life.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1991.
Juveniles have been collected throughout the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, eastern Atlantic, Gulf Stream of Chesapeake Bay, and the Indo-Pacific at various times through the year.
Egg diameter ranges from 0.3mm - 1.6mm, depending on the gonosomatic index (GSI), with larger eggs being present in females with a high GSI.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1990.
William Anthony Patrick Smallbone (born 21 February 2000) is an English born Irish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Southampton.
Smallbone made his professional debut for Southampton in a 2–0 FA Cup victory over Huddersfield Town on 4 January 2020, scoring the opening goal.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Police Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament in Sri Lanka.
The lac des Commissaires flows in the municipality of Lac-Bouchette, in the MRC Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
The rivière des Commissaires flows at the limit of ranges 6 and 7, northeast to reach the south of Bouchette Lake; the current flows opposite Île Bouchette (triangular island located near the west shore of the lake).
The latter flows from the north into the Ouiatchouan River which flows north to reach Lac Saint-Jean, northwest of the intersection of route 155 and route 169.
The Ouiatchouan River flows mainly in wooded areas, except the last two kilometers of its route which are agricultural in nature..
Built in 1971, the Lac des Commissaires dam has a height of 8.2 meters and a retention height of 6.6 m. The dam has a holding capacity of 186,960,000 m³.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1989.
John Thomas Bowes (17 January 1874 – 1955) was an English footballer who played in the Football League as an inside left for Sheffield United in 1896–97.
He made his Football League debut on 23 January 1897, in a 3–1 defeat at home to Wolverhampton Wanderers in the First Division.
Brought back into the team in mid-March, he scored winning goals against Bury and Stoke, and ended the season with two goals from four appearances.
Despite the positive end to his season, he was not retained, and he returned to Darlington, where he continued to play until at least the 1902–03 season.
George Harrison (12 December 1900 – 1969), also known as Ginger Harrison, was an English footballer who played as a wing half in the Football League for Darlington, Durham City and Carlisle United.
He was on the books of Sunderland without making a first-team appearance, and played non-league football for Tanfield Lea Institute, Houghton Rovers, Annfield Plain, West Stanley and Lancaster Town.
He worked as a coal miner, and played football for Tanfield Lea Institute and Houghton Rovers before signing for Sunderland as an amateur.
He never played for that club's first team, and after a spell with North-Eastern League club Annfield Plain, he signed amateur forms for Durham City, about to embark on their second season in the Football League Third Division North.
Beginning the season in the reserves, Harrison made his Football League debut on 23 December 1922 at home to Wigan Borough, playing at left half after the previous occupant of that position, Arthur Andrews, signed for Sunderland.
He played in five of the next six matches, on either side of the half-back line, and scored once, a penalty in a 1–1 draw at home to Chesterfield.
The last of his 10 senior appearances was as one of three different centre forwards tried at the beginning of the 1923–24 season before the arrival of Tom Elliott from Brentford filled the vacancy.
He did not play for the first team until February 1925, in a goalless draw away to Bradford Park Avenue: George Malcolm switched to right back to cover for the absent Tommy Greaves and Harrison took over Malcolm's regular position at left half.
He was retained for the coming season in the Second Division, and played for the reserves, but was not used at the higher level.
All three played in Carlisle's first match in the Football League, and Harrison went on to appear in 28 of Carlisle's 42 Northern Section matches, as well as in the FA Cup ties.
The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 27 and 28 August 1989.
Tschanz competed in the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished eighth with a score of 2346 points.
Mark Anthony Pack (born 27 July 1970) is a British politician who has served as the president of the Liberal Democrats since 1 January 2020.
As the party's previous leader Jo Swinson lost her seat in the December 2019 United Kingdom general election, Pack and Ed Davey are also acting co-leaders of the Liberal Democrats.
He then undertook a PhD in history, studying nineteenth-century elections, initially at the University of Exeter, before transferring back to the University of York to complete it, in 1994.
Pack stood to be the president of the Liberal Democrats in 2019, with his candidacy supported by MPs Layla Moran, and Tom Brake and MEP Catherine Bearder among others.
As Jo Swinson, previously the leader of the party, lost her seat in the 2019 United Kingdom general election, the deputy leader Ed Davey and the party president act as co-leaders until a new permanent leader can be elected.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
She was one of the first members of the National Association of Broadcast Employees and Television in New York and was one of the first female directors of photography in the IA Local 644 union.
Despite her success in cinematography, Wang spent her later years in poverty, as she struggled to make the transition from shooting film to video.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
The Malbim Synagogue was a synagogue on 4 Strada Bravilor , in Bucharest, Romania.The building was devastated by the far-right Legionaries in 1941.
An Ideal Adventure (Italian: Sballato, gasato, completamente fuso) is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Stefano Vanzina and starring Edwige Fenech, Diego Abatantuono and Liù Bosisio.
The 2019 PCCL National Collegiate Championship is the eleventh edition of the Philippine Collegiate Champions League (PCCL) in its current incarnation, the postseason tournament to determine the national collegiate champions in basketball.
Due to the adjustments done in the schedules of most collegiate basketball tournaments due to the Philippines' hosting of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, the National Collegiate Championship will commence on February 2020.
The codex now measures 35x27 cm but was originally larger, having been trimmed, probably during the late seventeenth century when it was bound.
He made his List A debut on 28 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament in Sri Lanka.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
Dobra was born in the village of Vrbovac in the municipality of Glogovac in 1934 and attended primary school in Tërstenik before going to Skenderaj Gymnasium in Glogovac for secondary school, from whence he graduated in 1953 as part of its first class of 42.
He spent the next six years self-educating due to a dearth of Albanian language schooling in Yugoslavia, finally enrolling with geography Prof. Musa Gashi off the books for sixth form college at the Mitrovica, Kosovo, graduating in 1961 and going on to undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Pristina Faculty of Philosophy’s Department of History.
The Reverend Francis Hill Sewell (1815-1862) was a clergyman and philanthropist who was largely responsible for the rebuilding and restoration of All Saints Church, Lindfield in the parish of Lindfield, Sussex, today a Grade II* Listed Building.
In 1848 Sewell graduated from Caius College Cambridge and became the Curate of All Saints, where he contributed more than £650 of his own money towards the estimated £2,000 total needed, engaging the architect John Henry Taylor to oversee the restoration of the building to its 14th Century splendour.
Sewell was born in India in 1815, the second son of Major General Robert Sewell, a governor of the East India Company, and Eliza Sewell Over the course of the 18th Century the Sewell family had grown influential and wealthy, initially from the practice of law and later through military service, politics and landownership, including plantations in the West Indies.
After graduating from Cambridge in 1839 he was ordained into the clergy and was appointed curate of All Saints Church, Lindfield, where he remained the incumbent until his death in 1862.
By the mid-19th Century All Saints Church, Lindfield had fallen into disrepair and rectoral tithes remained low at just £35 per annum.
Sewell also contributed to the education of children in Lindfield by instigating the building of a National School, which opened on Lindfield Common in 1851.
The Suvorovo culture, also called the Suvorovo group, was a Copper Age culture which flourished on the northwest Pontic steppe and the lower Danube from 4500 BC to 4100 BC.
Typical grave goods of the Suvorovo culture include ceramics both the Gumelnița–Karanovo culture and the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, and shell-tempered wares that are typical of the steppe.
In accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis, the Suvorovo culture is evidence of a westward expansion of early Indo-European peoples from their homeland on the steppe.
Between 1816 and 1819 she made two voyages to India, sailing under a license from the British East India Company (EIC).
It is co-produced by MX player and May 6 Entertainment with creative direction by Soundarya Rajinikanth and direction by Sooriyaprathap S.
He made his List A debut on 23 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He grew up and attended Argyle Secondary School in North Vancouver, where he trained at Railtown Actors Studio following high school graduation.
Maria de la Cruz was reputedly born on 3 May 1890, she adopted the name Amanda Aguilar as a revolutionary and then later adopted the name Petrona Hernández López for her own protection.
López was a member of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) and fought for Nicaraguan independence against the Somocista dynasty from the 1930s until 1979.
The National Guard wanted to obtain information about guerrilla activity, but the women refused to collaborate, as a result nineteen of these women were raped and tortured.
Pity for the Vamps (French: Pitié pour les vamps) is a 1956 French drama film directed by Jean Josipovici and starring Viviane Romance, Geneviève Kervine and Yves Vincent.
Sant'Antonio Martire is the main Roman Catholic church, or duomo, in the town of Fara in Sabina, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
Construction of this church was begun in the 13th-century at the site of a small castle-associated church called Santa Maria in Castello.
In prior centuries, the church had been owned by the nearby Abbey of Farfa and had been elevated to a collegiate church.
The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Sports Program is an annual award given by the Producers Guild of America since 2011.
The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Children's Program is an annual award given by the Producers Guild of America since 2011.
The Military Music Wing of the Army Education Corps is an educational institution that supports the Indian Army and all military bands and musicians in it's ranks.
After gaining independence in 1947, there became a need to establish an Indian institution of military music to give a new direction and dimension to the music of the Indian Armed Forces.
There were thoughts of creating as school of music that was based of the Royal Military School of Music in the British Corps of Army Music.
This project came into fruition on 23 October 1950 under the patronage and supervision of K. M. Cariappa, the-then first Indian C-in-C of the Army.
This list of fossil insects described in 2017 is a list of new taxa that were described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to insect paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2017.
The first and only official vocalist for the Music Corp to join JMSDF, Miyake has released a number of CDs she sang with the SDF Band.
An admirer of musicals during her youth, Miyake graduated from in Okayama which offers music course and continued vocal education at the College of Art of Nihon University.
As she thought her ambition would fade forever when she would start working at her new office in April, Kaoru Watanabe, a professor of hers advised her to join the JMSDF, where she could have the chance to be a member of the military music band.
Miyake applied to be the first Music Corp vocalist position the JMSDF has ever offered, after an interview with an officer at a recruiting fair before joining the retail store.
She admitted that she had not thought the basic training would be so hard, although she performed karate sport in the college to develop physical strength.
Miyake, a Petty officer third class in charge of personnel, is the first singer employed by the 230,000-personnel strong SDF and the only soprano singer of the Tokyo SDF Band.
The 2020 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the Campeonato Uruguayo 2020, will be the 117th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 90th in which it is professional.
The three lowest placed teams in the relegation table of the 2019 season, Racing, Rampla Juniors, and Juventud, were relegated to the Segunda División for the 2020 season.
Relegation is determined at the end of the season by computing an average of the number of points earned per game over the two most recent seasons: 2019 and 2020.
As a vocalist of the band Tarpach at the Rock-kola festival in 2007, she won a prize for best vocals, while her band won the grand prix.
The 64 ft. high-speed, air/sea rescue launch built by British Power Boat Company (BPBC) was one of the earliest high-speed offshore rescue vessel used by the Royal Air Force.
Like other chitons, it bears a protective shell formed from eight articulating valves on its dorsal surface, these being embedded in a tough muscular girdle.
The girdle bears 18 tufts of short bristles, four tufts at the front, and one on either side of the junctions between the plates.
The colour is very variable, being some shade of grey, fawn, brown, pink, pale green or pale blue, often marbled or streaked.
It uses its radula, which is armed with several rows of teeth, to graze on the coralline algae growing on the rock, also feeding on any unicellular algae forming a film there.
The larvae have a short planktonic trochophore larval phase before settling to the seabed, undergoing metamorphosis and developing into juvenile chitons with six valve plates, which soon hide under stones.
Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 are a series of legislative acts of the US Congress from 1989 to 1995.
Adopted by the Chambers of the 101st US Congress (3 January 1989 - 3 January 1991), 102nd US Congress (3 January 1991 - 3 January 1993), 103rd US Congress (3 January 1993 - 3 January) 1995) and the 104th US Congress (January 3, 1995 - January 3, 1997).
The laws were passed under continuous dominance in both chambers of the US Congress of Democrats and the presidency of 2 presidents - George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.
The legislation is an expression of US policy towards Central and Eastern European countries, which were previously members of the Warsaw Pact and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.
Initially targeted at Poland and Hungary, they subsequently encompassed Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania and the countries of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
The legislative focus is on the establishment of democratic institutions in these countries through aid for agriculture, private sector development, trade and investment, educational, cultural and scientific activities, as well as specific programs.
A prerequisite for so-called financial assistance is the removal of trade restrictions, the liberalization of investment and capital, including through foreign investment, and the exportation of profits from these countries by foreign (US) investors.
The other focus is on the development of the capital financial markets in these countries, and in particular on the privatization and concession of public assets.
30 years after the changes in Central and Eastern Europe, there is no alignment of the standard of living in these countries as a whole with those of Western Europe.
There is also a demographic collapse, coupled with the export of labor from these countries to the countries of the so-called Old Europe.
Often part of the podestà’s or capitano del popolo’s entourage, the road master worked in small teams of builders and administrators to maintain a city's network of roads and waterways, including nodal points such as gates, bridges, sluices and markets.
In many towns and cities across the peninsula, roads officials not only built and maintained such amenities, but they also monitored human and animal behavior that impacted their traversability, and fined pertinent offenders.
Road masters also fought against domestic practices that were seen as causing harm to the population at large, including unlawful refuse disposal and neglecting to restrain pigs.
Beyond the upkeep of roads and canals allowing produce to reach and leave markets, these officials often examined the accuracy of weights and measures used by retailers.
They also pursued people who tried to sell produce outside the allowed time and place or wares of inferior quality, such as rotten meat or fish.
Lastly, roads officials also policed inns and taverns, places where food and drink were sold, to ensure these were of good quality and served at the correct amounts and for the right price.
The presence in taverns of alcohol and abundance of foreigners, including sex workers, sometimes meant that roads masters also operated as a moral police force, fighting gambling, rowdiness and sexual promiscuity.
In doing all this, road masters participated in earlier cities’ preventative and harm-reductive programs, designed to promote health and fight disease at the population level.
All teams from Asian Football Confederation are eligible to participate in the qualification tournament, to decide eight of the twelve participating teams in the final tournament held in host nation.
The Lac aux Rognons is crossed to the northwest by the Métabetchouane River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This small valley is served by a few secondary roads serving this area for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.
This lake takes the shape of a large U because of a peninsula attached to the West shore, which stretches in the lake to the southeast.
Lac aux Rognons is part of the upper course of the Métabetchouane river, at the northern limit of the MRC of La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality.
In the prehistory of this region, this lake proved to be an inescapable milestone of the waterways used by the Amerindians between the St. Lawrence Valley and Lac Saint-Jean.
The legendary 17th century Jesuit trail turned out to be the Innu winter road; the missionaries passed by the Lac aux Rognons to go to Lac Saint-Jean and Hudson Bay.
The Huron Wendats who settled in the region of Quebec (city) in the middle of the 17th century, had to break into the natural hunting and fishing territories of other Aboriginal nations.
In addition, the Innu lost interest in the region north of Quebec (city), where game was declining due to the presence of French settlers.
In the 19th century, the Gros-Louis Wendate family, to whom the clan had allocated this territory, still maintained a camp on the banks of Lac aux Rognons; however, this family gradually had to abandon it after the creation in 1895 of the Parc des Laurentides, which later became the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
The Quebec toponymy includes several geographic entities designated by the specific element Rognon, in particular a lake and an important river which feed the Batiscan river.
Born in Dakar in French Senegal, she emerged as a star in the 1950s and was awarded with the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti for the most promising actress in 1955.
Born in 1929 in Liverpool, England, Dewhurst attended the Huyton College for Girls in Liverpool from 1937 to 1947, then St. Anne's College, Oxford, graduating with a B.A.
Prize money was £500 from 1948 to 1952, £1,000 from 1953 to 1964, £1,500 in 1965 and A$3,000 in 1966 and 1967.
The tournament was organised because of the visit of a team of four American golfers; Jimmy Demaret, Lloyd Mangrum, Porky Oliver and Jim Turnesa.
Uribe was involved as an experimental theater actress with the PROA group between 1942 and 1945, and she later performed in the Conference Hall of the Palace of Fine Arts.
In 1942 she returned to participate with other artists in celebrations of the four hundredth anniversary of the establishment of the city of Guadalajara.
During this time, she also worked as a stenographer for el Archivo de la Cámara de Diputados del Congreso de la Unión.
As an actress and reciter, Uribe debuted her poems at recitals at the between 1932 and 1942, as well as events organized by the National Revolutionary Party of Jalisco.
Her artistic preoccupation with themes of death and travel in her poetry, as well as its explicit sensuality, also align with postmodernism.
In 1970, the Northern Pacific merged with other railroads to form the Burlington Northern Railroad, but then in 1996, merged with Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF) to form BNSF Railway.
The Bōsō Peninsula was struck by a major tsunami on 4 November 1677, caused by an earthquake at the southern end of the Japan Trench.
It was felt onshore with only a maximum of 4 on the JMA intensity scale, but had an estimated magnitude of 8.3–8.6 .
Her father, Milos Stojsavljevic, was a Serb from Velika Popina in Croatia, and her mother, Adelheid Hohenauer, was an Austrian porcelain painting teacher at the Vienna Women's Academy.
They were both leading members of the Vienna Secession art movement and she, Koloman Moser, Gustav Klimt and Josef Hoffmann designed clothes for themselves and their families.
She and Alfred had two sons Dietrich (1909-2001) who became a doctor and Ulrich (1911-1941) who became a stage designer and died in Stolpovo near Kaluga (in the Soviet Union) during the Russian campaign at the end of 1941.
He made his first team debut on 29 January 2017, starting in a 0–0 Segunda División B away draw against CDA Navalcarnero.
On 27 April 2018, Atienza signed a four-year contract with SD Eibar, being immediately assigned to the farm team CD Vitoria in Tercera División.
He made his professional – and La Liga – debut on 4 January 2020, coming on as a second-half substitute for Sergio Álvarez in a 0–1 loss at Valencia CF.
The 1993 World Cup of Golf took place November 11–14 at the Lake Nona Golf & Country Club in Orlando, Florida, United States.
The United States team of Fred Couples and Davis Love III won (for the second time in a row with the same players in the team) by five strokes over the Zimbabwe team of Mark McNulty and Nick Price.
Roy Mackenzie of Chile withdrew with a neck injury and Park Nam-sin of South Korea was disqualified for signing an incorrect scorecard.
Diary of a Passion (Italian: Brogliaccio d'amore) is a 1976 Italian drama film directed by Deco Silla and starring Enrico Maria Salerno, Senta Berger and Paolo Carlini.
He served as the head football coach at Fresno State Normal School—now known as California State University, Fresno—in 1944, compiling a record of 0–6.
Wight was also the head basketball coach at the University of California, Berkeley from 1920 to 1924, tallying a mark of 64—20.
The Vakhsh culture is a late Bronze Age culture which flourished along the lower Vakhsh River in southern Tajikistan from ca.
Some have interpreted this as a sign that the Vakhsh culture represented a mixture of settled agriculturalists and steppe populations originating in the north.
The Lac F.X.-Lemieux is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This small valley is served by a few secondary roads serving this area for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Lac F.X.-Lemieux is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of Lake F.-X.-Lemieux, located on the south shore in the middle of the lake, the current descends on first towards the south following the course of the discharge from the lake crossing the Cluse, Verneuil, Oblong and Minime lakes.
Then the current veers westwards zigzagging to go to flow on the east bank of the lac aux Rognons which is crossed by the Métabetchouane River.
From the mouth of the Métabetchouane river on the south shore of Lac Saint-Jean, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay river via La Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
This toponym designation evokes the memory of François-Xavier Lemieux, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests of Quebec from 1924 to 1936.
He was first secretary to Adélard Turgeon from 1900 to 1909, then to Jules Allard from 1909 to 1919 and, finally, to Honoré Mercier son until 1924, all three having successively occupied the post of minister des Terres et Forêts.
The Niagara 35 is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Mark Ellis as a cruiser and first built in 1978.
The design was built by Hinterhoeller Yachts in St Catharines, Ontario, Canada and first shown at the Toronto International Boat Show in 1978.
It has a masthead sloop rig with aluminum spars and a bowsprit, a spooned raked stem, a raised counter transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
The boat was factory-fitted with a Universal M24D , or a Volvo, or a four-cylinder Westerbeke diesel engine for docking and maneuvering.
Initially it had an unconventional arrangement, with two small cabins, a single to starboard and a double to port, on each side of the companionway steps, the galley, with a three-burned propane stove, icebox and sink amidships to port and the head amidships to starboard, along with a chart table.
The main saloon is forward and the forepeak is used for storage space and includes a work bench and access to the foredeck via a large overhead hatch.
Sail handling includes genoa tracks, a dedicated halyard winch mounted on the mast, two cabin-top winches and two mounted on the cockpit coaming.
Under way, the boat is stable and stiff, and we've had the rail of our Niagara 35, Phantasia II, in the water only once, when beating down Lake Huron in 20 knots of wind.
On that same trip we hooted and hollered downwind at over 8 knots on a day on which virtually no one else was out.
Elk Island, located in Goochland County, Virginia near Cartersville, is an island on the James River and across from the former Elk Hill plantation at the mouth of Byrd Creek.
Two archaeological sites on the island, the Wright and Little River sites, provided evidence of Late Archaic and Early Woodland period settlement through the presence of ceramic shards, including decorated Potomac Creek pottery, and other artifacts.
In 1836, the James River and Kanawha Company evaluated the creation of a canal, an arm of which would end at the lower end of Elk Island, within the James River for transportation.
During the Revolutionary War, Elk Island and Elkhill were occupied by Lord Cornwallis and his men for ten days, during which time they destroyed many of the crops on the plantation and slaughtered livestock for provisions.
Jefferson visited the site not long after Cornwallis left, and later recorded what he had seen in a letter to William Gordon in Paris.
She had been mothballed, following her brief World War 2 service, and, when the Korean War required more vessels on the Great Lakes, she was purchased by Cleveland Cliffs, who planned to adapt her for service on the Lakes.
But her engines were left midships, and the second superstructure, that other lake freighters had above their engines, in the stern was built above her engines in their midship locations.
She was towed from the yard where she was converted, in Baltimore, Maryland to Chicago, and special provisions had to be made so she could travel under the bridges she encountered.
The lockmaster agreed for her bow to be tied in place, right up against the upstream doors to the lock, with her stern sticking out of the open lower doors.
He then opened the upstream doors, and the vessel was hauled upstream far enough for the downstream doors to be closed.
When she was lengthened a second time, in 1957, by a further , she became Queen of the Lakes - the longest ship on the Lakes.
It is located southeast of Jackson along U.S. Route 35, next to Rocky Hill, at the intersection of Dixon Run Road (County Road 41) and Winchester-Vega Road, at .
Kochsvej is a minor, mainly residential street in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, between Frederiksberg Alléto the north and Vesterbrogade to the south.
The street was created when he started to sell the land off in lots to members of the higher middle-class for house construction.
Frederik Barfod's School, a private primary school with roots dating back to 1834, is now based in the three villas at No.
The corner building at Kochsvej 44-46 / Vesterbrogade 176 is from 1888 and was built by master builder O. Strassen, The corner building on the other side of the street (Kochsvej 35-37 / Vesterbrogade 174) is from 1899 and was constructed by master builder P. Christensen.
The corner building at Frederiksberg Allé 53/Kochsvej 2 is from 1904 and was designed by Ole Boye in collaboration with Ludvig Andersen.
The 2018 WAFF U-18 Women's Championship was the 1st edition of the WAFF U-18 Women's Championship, the international women's football youth championship of Western Asia organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF).
Its provenance is uncertain: Cecil Smith reported that it was acquired by Malcolm Macmillan at Thebes, and suggests that it was originally found in a tomb outside the town; but the British Museum Register records it as having been acquired by Macmillan in Corinth.
The upper part of the vase is in the shape of a lion's head, which appears to have been modelled rather than cast from a mould.
The vase is painted with a floral chain at the shoulder, three bands of figurative decorations, and rays at the base.
Unlike on the Chigi vase, another work by the same artist, where two phalanxes are depicted, the Macmillan aryballos shows hoplites engaged in single combat.
Each warrior wears a crested helmet and greaves, carries a round shield (each of which is decorated with a different device), and is armed with one or two spears.
The third band is 4 mm high and is decorated with a hunting scene, in which a hunter and hounds chase a hare and a fox or jackal.
The eparchy claims its heritage to the original eparchy of Kiev that dates back to the establishment of the Old Russian (Ruthenian) Church under the jurisdiction of Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
Old Russian (Ruthenian) Kiev diocese (or archdiocese) is first mentioned in 891, as the 60th by ranks of honor in the list of departments subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, and 61st in the charter of Emperor Leo (886-911).
From its beginnings, eparchy of Kiev was central or primatial diocese of the Metropolitanate, which also included a number of other dioceses, created after the baptism of Kievan Rus during the rule of Great Prince Vladimir in 988.
This lasted until the middle of the century, when the decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, they were again granted the dignity of the Metropolitan.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Kiev diocese consisted of two parts on the right and left banks of the Dnieper River, within subsequently ceded to Chernihiv and Poltava provinces.
Since 1918, the decision of the All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918 Kiev bishops again become the heads of not only the diocese, but the Church and the autonomous region within Ukraine.
The Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, 25-27 October 1990, established autonomous and self-governing Ukrainian Orthodox Church, with its primatial Diocese of Kiev.
For several years, she has published a series of reports into the breakdown of fiction published in New Zealand by gender and ethnicity of the authors, to investigate the state of inequality in publishing and whether New Zealand's national literature can be seen as truly representing the diversity of its population.
She has taken part in events for National Poetry Day and National Flash Fiction Day and also been among the winners for National Flash Fiction Day.
The Last Dance is an upcoming sports documentary miniseries about the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association and their 1997–98 season.
Bentley Gavin Vass is a South African politician who serves as the Northern Cape MEC for Co-operative Governance, Human Settlements and Traditional Affairs.
Prior to serving in the Northern Cape provincial government, he was the Executive Mayor and Speaker of the Namakwa District Municipality.
Germán Valera Karabinaite (born 16 March 2002) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Atlético Madrid B as a right winger.
Promoted to the reserves for the 2019–20 season, he made his senior debut on 24 August 2019, coming on as second-half substitute in a 2–1 Segunda División B away win against Marino de Luanco.
Valera scored his first senior goal on 13 October 2019, scoring his team's third in a 3–0 home defeat of Coruxo FC.
He made his first team – and La Liga – debut the following 4 January, replacing João Félix late into a 2–1 home success over Levante UD.
The following is a list of episodes of Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!, NPR's news panel game, that aired during 2020.
The National Association Foot Ball League, which had played its first season in the spring of 1895, re-organized for the winter.
The league opened its 1895—96 season on December 15, 1895, with five teams scheduled to play an 18 game schedule until the season's end on April 26, 1896.
In addition to 1895 champion Centreville A.C. of Bayonne, New Jersey, the runner up Brooklyn Wanderers and the reorganized Scottish-Americans of Newark, two new teams joined, the New York Thistles and International A.C. of Paterson, New Jersey (which played its games at the grounds at (Communipaw).
For the second season, the NAFBL mandated that the goals have nets in all league matches, and adopting the penalty kick rule.
The season ended early and the Scottish-Americans claimed the championship of the league after beating Centreville A.C. on April 5, 1896.
League play then halted, with the Scottish-Americans in first place (at 3 wins and 2 draws); followed by International (2 wins, 2 draws and 1 loss); Centreville (2 wins and 2 losses), and the New York Thistles, who lost all four games.
The following Sunday, on February 2, an all-star benefit game for Findley was played before 1,500 spectators at by teams composed of seven of Findley's Scottish-Americans teammates (Wildt, Wilson, Cutler, McDonald, Singleton, McCullouch and Gaffney) and other locals against players for the other NAFBL teams, Centreville (Smith, Winter, Buell, Spaven and Oliver), the Internationals (Taylor, Flynn and O'Donnell), and the Thistles (T. Hopkins).
The 2019 WAFF U-18 Girls Championship was the 2nd edition of the WAFF U-18 Girls Championship, the international women's football youth championship of Western Asia organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF).
Medical Police is an American half-hour format comedy web television series, created by Rob Corddry, Krister Johnson, Jonathan Stern and David Wain, that premiered on Netflix on January 10, 2020.
Childrens Hospital doctors Lola Spratt and Owen Maestro discover a world-threatening virus, and are recruited as government agents in a globe-spanning race to find a cure.
On February 19, 2019, Netflix announced that it had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten half-hour episodes.
The series was co-created by Rob Corddry, Jonathan Stern, David Wain, and Krister Johnson, who also serve as executive producers and writers.
On Rotten Tomatoes season 1 has an approval rating of 92% based on reviews from 12 critics, with an average rating of 6.92/10.
The 2020 PEI Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship for Prince Edward Island, was held from January 8 to 12 at the Montague Curling Rink in Montague, Prince Edward Island.
Papa Jani Zengo was born on 17 January 1832 in the mountanous village of Dardhë, southeastern Albania, the son of local priest Andon Zengo (Papa Ndoni) and a homemaker.
He was sent by his father to Mount Athos, Greece where he learned the craft of xylography which he practiced as a profession.
In 1869, he married a local villager by the name of Tushe Gjerazi and shortly thereafter migrated back to Greece, where he worked as a bookkeeper in the city of Larissa and then as a wood decorator and photographer in Thessaly province.
The Kujarke people (also spelled Kujargé) are a little-known ethnic group of the Ouaddaï Region in eastern Chad and South Darfur, Sudan.
Due to the war in Darfur, most Kujarke may now be living in refugee camps in the Goz Beïda and Dar Sila regions of eastern Chad.
The first time the Kujarke had been mentioned in over 25 years was when French anthropologist Jerome Tubiana had interviewed a Daju village chief in Tiero.
The chief of Tiero mentioned that a Kujarke village had been burned to the ground by the Janjaweed in 2007 during an ethnic cleansing campaign against the Daju people.
According to Paul Doornbos, the Kujarke had lived mainly by hunting and gathering due to the climate, terrain, and unstable seasonal water supply of the Dar Fongoro area being inhospitable for intensive agriculture and animal husbandry.
They are surround by the Daju-Galfigé to the west, the Sinyar to the north, and the Fur-Dalinga, Fongoro, Formono, and Runga to the east and south.
The Kijaar clan was located closer to the core Kujarke area of Jebel Mirra than all of the other Sinyar clans.
The Kujarke are not Muslims and practice a secret religion that is yet unrecorded, as the Kujarke would lead visitors to a perimeter outside their village whenever they needed to perform their prayers.
In 1981, Dutch anthropologist Paul Doornbos had spent 4-5 hours eliciting a basic vocabulary list of Kujarke from a father and son (Arbab Yahia Basi, born Ndundra, who was 35 years old in 1981) in Ro Fatá, near Foro Boranga, Darfur.
The first 100 words were elicited from the informant's father, who was nearly deaf and had limited knowledge of Arabic, while the second 100 words were provided by the main informant, who may have mixed Kujarke with Daju and Fur.
Doornbos also speculates that in 1981, Kujarke may have already been a dying language with few speakers left, although their population may have exceeded 1,000 people in 1981.
According to the son, the Kujarke had originally lived in the mountain ranges to east of the Wadi Azum, namely the Jebel Kulli, Jebel Toya, Jebel Kunjaro, Jebel Turabu, Jebel Oromba, and Jebel Kire.
The street runs roughly east to west, starting near the Bab Bou Jeloud gate in the west and ending at the al-Attarine Madrasa in the east, near the Qarawiyyin Mosque.
Another street, Tala'a Seghira, serves a similar role and runs more or less parallel to Tala'a Kebira: from Bab Bou Jeloud in the west until rejoining Tala'a Kebira in the east between the Chrabliyine Mosque and the Nejjarine Funduq.
As in many medieval Islamic cities, the main souk streets of Fes typically run from the city's main gates to the area of the city's main mosque (in this case the Qarawiyyin and, to a lesser extent, the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II, historically known as the Shurafa Mosque), which, in turn, lies at the center of the city's main commercial and economic zones.
Among the major monuments located on or just off Tala'a Kebira are the Bou Inania Madrasa, the Chrabliyine Mosque, the Nejjarine Funduq, the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II, and the al-Attarine Madrasa.
While studying at Oxford, he made three appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1957, against Worcestershire, the Free Foresters and Leicestershire.
He scored a total of 92 runs at an average of 15.33 in these three matches, with a high score of 43.
The WAFF U-18 Girls Championship, or WAFF U-18 Women's Championship, is a youth women's football competition consisting of West Asian countries and territories.
Crocodile Bridge is the name of both a camp along the southern border of Kruger National Park and a gate to the park.
The gate is at a low water bridge crossing the Crocodile River and leads directly to the Crocodile Bridge rest camp.
As with all major rest camps in Kruger, Crocodile Bridge provides a shop, braai and communal kitchen facilities, a first aid station, a laundromat, and a filling station.
Other normal facilities, such as a laundromat, a petrol station, first aid, a post box and public telephones are still available.
Crocodile Bridge is a 15 minute (12 km) drive from the town of Komatipoort, which lies at the confluence of the Crocodile and Komati rivers and along the border of Mozambique.
Crocodile bridge provides 20 two-or-three-bed cottages with en-suite bathrooms and 8 two-bed permanent furnished canvas tents including showers and fridges, but with communal ablutions.
Crocodile Bridge is in the Southern Circle game viewing area, which is known for its several prides of lion, each with different hunting techniques and behaviour.
The road bridge at Crocodile Bridge was originally created as a pontoon crossing to allow ranger access to the park from Komatipoort.
In 1931, eight rondavels were built at Crocodile Bridge, marking the first time it was used as both a gate to the park and a rest camp.
He graduated from El Modena High School in 2005 and went on to college soon after to study IT and cybersecurity.
He started shooting as an automotive photographer for a few years before becoming a certified aerial photographer as a way to capture landscapes from a higher perspective.
In 2015, Henry and other photographers from Las Vegas were invited by CNN to document the stage & event of the Democratic Debates at the Wynn Hotel.
In 2019, he won an award for his most viral images to date and was featured with video and article from Agora Images.
Michel Celaya (4 July 1930 – 2 January 2020) was a French rugby union player who played for the national team.
Lamta was a railway station of the Satpura narrow gauge () railway, today part of Nagpur railway division of South East Central Railway zone.
In October 2015 all narrow gauge network in Nagpur division (622 km), was closed for gauge conversion, except Nagpur – Naghbir line.
The approval of the gauge conversion works have been envolved in controversy, since the Union's environment ministry authorized the construction works in Balaghat-Nainpur section (77 km), which passes through Kanha - Pench tiger corridor.
As of January 2020, a small stretch of 25 km remains closed for conversion, from Samnapur to Lamta station (25 km).
On May 2, 2016, Mars (Aries), along with Sol (Leo, born July 29, 1990) and Jupiter (Sagittarius, born November 23, 1995), were discussing about what GOTH would be.
On April 9, 2018, Mars (Aries), Mercury (Gemini, born May 26, 1999), Sol (Leo), Venus (Libra, born September 25, 1987), Jupiter (Sagittarius), and Uranus (Aquarius, born January 27, 1996) announced that GOTH would form in the future.
The Doucet River is a tributary of the southern shore of Lac au Lard, in the hydrographic slope of the Jeannotte River, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.
The course of the Doucet River descends on the west side of the Batiscan River and on the east side of the Saint-Maurice River.
This river is part of the hydrographic side of the Batiscan river which generally winds south to the north shore of the St. Lawrence River.
This hydrographic slope is mainly served by the path of Lac au Lard which passes on the east side of this valley.
The surface of the Doucet River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March.
The mouth of this lake is located south of the village center of Lac-Édouard, northeast of downtown town of La Tuque and northeast of lake Wayagamac.
The Doucet River flows into the town of La Tuque, at the bottom of a bay on the south shore of lac au Lard.
From the mouth, the current crosses north on lac au Lard (length: ; altitude: ), descends successively to the northeast on the course of the Lac au Lard stream, to the south then eastward on the course of the Jeannotte River, and on the course of the Batiscan River which flows onto the northwest bank of the St. Lawrence River.
Jeffrey Jon Shaw OBE, FLS, FASTMH (born 12 July 1938) is a British parasitologist who began working in Latin America in 1962.
Although officially retired he is presently Senior Professor at São Paulo University's Biomedical Sciences Institute where he continues his research in its Parasitology Department.
During World War II he was evacuated and spent his early childhood in the village of Rothley, Leicestershire whose surrounding countryside became his playground and fostered his love of nature.
He gained a BSc in Zoology in 1960 at London University's Queen Mary College (now Queen Mary University) of London and a PhD in 1964 at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine under the guidance of Percy Cyril Garnham and Cecil Hoare.
In the early 1960s, with his colleague Alister Voller, they pioneered the use of indirect immunofluorescent techniques for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease.
In 1994 he became a tenured senior professor at the University of São Paulo (USP) and has continued there until the present time.
They provide temporary care for infants, older children, sibling groups, and children with special needs, born to parents in difficult circumstances, uncertain about the future of their families.
Established in 1943, it was the result of efforts by Clara Spence and Alice Delafield, who both worked on behalf of babies and unwed mothers.
Taking care of the undernourished and neglected children in their home, Henry Dwight Chapin, a specialist in infants and Mrs. Chapin established the Alice Chapin Nursery in 1911.
One year after Dr. Chapin's death in 1942, the nursery joined the Spence Alumni Society to form the Spence‐Chapin Adoption Service.
Mrs. Chapin expanded her work first into the Children's Aid building at Lexington Avenue and 127th Street and then purchased an old Chelsea house at 444 West 22d Street.
She retired in 1936 when her husband became ill but remained active for years as honorary president of the Spence‐Chapin Services.
The Interim Care Provider Program seeks volunteer caregivers, willing to nurture, cuddle, hug, and love the babies during their first few weeks, while they await adoption.
In interim caregiving, volunteers take care of the newborns while their mothers decide whether or not to place them for adoption.
The program involves taking care of a newborn in his or her biological parents’ home, in New York or New Jersey, while parents continue counseling to plan for their baby's future.
Volunteer caregivers are made to attend training sessions and handle everything, from taking babies to medical appointments to nighttime feedings, diaper changes, and despairing crying.
The program is carried out in partnership with the agency's Healthy Women Strong Families Service and is open to volunteers living within 100 miles of New York City.
Apart from this she has served at various central and state level positions such as a Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Defense as well as in position relating to disaster management and tourism.
The 1987 Defence White Paper, titled The Defence of Australia, was a white paper published by the Australian Department of Defence during the Hawke Government introduced by Minister for Defence Kim Beazley.
The 1987 Defence White Paper expanded the emphasis on self-reliance that was established in the 1976 Defence White Paper, no longer focussing defence policy primarily on attracting the attention of powerful allies.
The 1987 White Paper was released following the Dibb Review of Australia's Defence Capabilities and the Cooksey Review of Australia's Defence Exports and Defence Industry.
It asserted that no country had the capacity or motivation, to sustain high level military operations against Australia, though Australia would still be vulnerable to harassment across its coastline and sea approaches.
The paper re-affirmed self-reliance and adopted the strategy of defence in depth, as opposed to the publicly unpopular forward defence strategy which saw Australia intervene in the Vietnam War.
The paper restated the importance of Australia's alliance with the United States and declared Australia's area of military interest to include much of Oceania and South East Asia.
Penis extenders usually have a plastic ring that sits at the base of a flaccid penis, and another ring before the glans, with a traction device that runs along the sides of the organ, The wearer adjusts springs, which pull the penile shaft with the intention of literally stretching the flaccid penis to become longer.
Studies, as of 2019, however have been small in size, many had difficulty carrying out the treatment during the study period, and people were not blinded to the treatment that they were receiving.
They are usually mild and self-limiting; however, it may partly account for lack of patient compliance with penile traction therapy (PTT).
In 1946, he joined the faculty of  Geology and Geography of S. M. Kirov Azerbaijan State University (Baku State University) and in 1951 graduated with honors.
About 20 of his scientific reports were published in a number of magazines of the USSR and the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of  Sciences.
B. I. Abdurrahmanov's doctoral thesis received many positive reviews, including high marks from the Doctor of Economics, Professor Nabi Nabiev and from the chairman of the Planning Council of the Republic of that time M. I. Allahverdiyev.
He was one of the famous and leading scientists on the problems of rationalization of the accommodation of productive forces and transport and economic links not only in the republic, but throughout the Union.
In general, Professor Abdurrahmanov devoted his scientific activity to three scientific areas - economic geography, the accommodation of productive forces and the organization of transport and economic links.
Balaja Ilyas oglu Abdurrahmanov died in 1977 in Baku, at the age of 55, but for such a short life he established himself not only as a scientist, but also as a person of a kind and generous soul.
In 1946, he joined the faculty of  Geology and Geography of S. M. Kirov Azerbaijan State University (Baku State University) and in 1951 graduated with honors.
His academic advisor was P. M. Alampiyev-a soviet economist- geographer, Doctor of Economics (1956), Professor, head of sector of the International division of labor of the Institute of Economics of the World Socialist System of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
About 20 of his scientific reports were published in a number of magazines of the USSR and the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of  Sciences.
B. I. Abdurrahmanov's doctoral thesis received many positive reviews, including high marks from the Doctor of Economics, Professor Nabi Nabiev and from the chairman of the Planning Council of the Republic of that time M. I. Allahverdiyev.
He was one of the famous and leading scientists on the problems of rationalization of the accommodation of productive forces and transport and economic links not only in the republic, but throughout the Union.
In general, Professor Abdurrahmanov devoted his scientific activity to three scientific areas - economic geography, the accommodation of productive forces and the organization of transport and economic links.
He attended Don Bosco Preparatory High School in Ramsey, New Jersey and was a starter at offensive tackle as a junior and senior for the Ironmen.
Rated a two-star recruit, Hennessy committed to play college football at Temple over offers from Old Dominion, Air Force, Army and several Ivy League schools.
Hennessy played in three games with one start at left guard as a true freshman before redshirting the rest of the season.
He became the Owls' starting center going into his redshirt freshman year, starting all but one game that he missed due to injury.
Hennessy was awarded a single-digit jersey (number three) as one of the nine toughest players on the team going into his redshirt sophomore year, which he wore in practice as offensive line are not eligible to wear single digit numbers in-game.
Hennessy started 12 games at center for the Owls as a redshirt junior and was named first team All-American Athletic Conference, second team All-America by USA Today and to the third team by the Associated Press and was named a finalist for the Rimington Trophy.
Following the end of the season, Hennessy announced that he would forgo his final season of NCAA eligibility to enter the 2020 NFL Draft.
William Ofori Boafo is a Ghanaian politician and member of the 7th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana representing Akropong Constituency in the Eastern region of Ghana.
The names of their sons are M. Yatheendradas, M. Murali and M. Rajagopal and the name of their lone daughter is Padmaja Charudathan.
The College of Applied Science, Kozhikode also known as IHRD Kozhikode or CAS Calicut, is a degree-awarding educational institution located in Kozhikode district.
The Climate Clock is an instrument which shows how quickly we are approaching 1.5℃ of global warming, given current emissions trends.
The Climate Clock has been launched in 2015 to provide a measuring stick against which we can track climate change mitigation progress.
Special about the clock is that it date indicated when we reach 1.5℃ will move closer as emissions rise, and moves further away as emissions decrease.
The clock has been updated the clock every year to reflect the latest global CO2 emissions trend and rate of climate warming.
As of 2020, the clock shows that the time left to reach 1,5°C currently sits at 12 years and 9 months (=2032 A.D.).
The 1.5℃ is an important threshold for many climate impacts, as shown by the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C.
Consequent sea level rise also increases sharply between 1.5℃ and 2℃, and virtually all corals could be wiped out at 2℃ warming.
She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, and 2001 Women's European Water Polo Championship.
She was named after John Ringling, an American entrepreneur who is the best known of the seven Ringling brothers, five of whom merged the Barnum & Bailey Circus with their own Ringling Bros World's Greatest Shows.
In addition to owning and managing many of the largest circuses in the United States, he was also a rancher, a real estate developer and art collector.
Dionísio da Costa Babo Soares is an East Timorese politician, and a member of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT).
He is the incumbent Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
Abdulaziz Majrashi (; born 21 July 1991) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays for Al-Adalah as a right back .
Henry was the son of George Todd (1820 - 1904), a painter and decorator and grainer to whom he became apprenticed.
Abdulaziz Al-Dhiyabi (, born 30 July 1992) is a Saudi footballer who played in the Pro League for Al-Nassr and Al-Batin.
Born in Düsseldorf, von 1983 bis 1990 Finnendahl studied music composition and musicology with Frank Michael Beyer, Carl Dahlhaus and Gösta Neuwirth in Berlin.
He taught at the Electronic Studio of the Technische Universität Berlin and headed the Institute for New Music at the Universität der Künste Berlin from 1996 to 2001.
The 1991 Volvo San Francisco was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, California in the United States and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour.
She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, and 2001 Women's European Water Polo Championship.
Rosenwein has published six books, co-authored two, translated one from English to Portuguese, and collaborated with other scholars on numerous book projects.
After receiving her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1974, Rosenwein started teaching at Loyola University Chicago, where she has taught for more than 40 years.
A ghali (or its similar terms) is the result of mediterranean impact of native shipbuilding, particularly introduced by the Arabs, Persians, Ottoman Turks, and Portuguese.
There are several type of vessels using similar names in the archipelago, the description and construction of each vessel isn't necessarily the same.
A special deck was built for the fighting men, and along the whole length of the galley were placed shields to protect the rowers and the soldiers.
Acehnese in 1568 siege of Portuguese Malacca used 4 large galley 40–50 meter long each with 190 rowers in 24 banks.
They were armed with 12 large camelos (3 at each bow side, 4 at stern), 1 basilisk (bow-mounted), 12 falcons, and 40 swivel guns.
By then cannons, firearms, and other war material had come annually from Jeddah, and the Turks also sent military experts, masters of galleys, and technicians.
The average Acehnese galley in the second half of the 16th century would have been approximately 50 metres long, have had two masts, with square sails and top sails, not lateen sails like those of Portuguese galleys.
It would have been propelled by 24 oars on each side, carrying about 200 men aboard, and armed with 20 cannons (two or three large ones at the bow, the rest smaller swivel guns).
In 1575 siege, Aceh used 40 two-masted galleys with Turkish captains carrying 200–300 soldier of Turk, Arab, Deccanis, and Aceh origins.
Western and native sources mention that Aceh had 100–120 galleys at any time (not counting the smaller fusta and galiot), spread from Daya (west coast) to Pedir (east coast).
One galley captured by Portuguese in 1629 during Iskandar Muda's reign is very large, and it was reported there were total 47 of them.
She reached 100 m in length and 17 m in breadth, had 3 masts with square sails and topsails, propelled by 35 oars on each side and able to carry 700 men.
It is armed with 98 guns: 18 large cannon (five 55-pounders at the bow, one 25-pounder at the stern, the rest were 17- and 18-pounders), 80 falcons, and many swivel guns.
The Portuguese reported that it was bigger than anything ever built in the Christian world, and that its castle could compete with that of galleons.
Those ships were used by Gowa's king to perform inter-island sea voyages and trades in Nusantara, either in the western (Malacca, Riau, Mempawah, Kalimantan) or in the eastern (Banda, Timor, Flores, Bima, Ternate, and North Australia).
Karaeng Matoaja, government director of Gowa and prince of Tallo, among other things, had nine galleys, which he had built in the year in which Buton was conquered (1626).
For inter-island trading, Makassarean gale ships were considered as the most powerful ship, and therefore used by Bugis-Makassar and Malayan noblemen to transport spices from Moluccas.
The usage of gale improved the maritime trading in Gowa, as well as other ports in South Sulawesi, since 16th century.
She was named after Michael de Kovats, a Hungarian nobleman and cavalry officer who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, in which he was killed in action.
Until 2006, the territory of this lake was part of the former unorganized territory of Petit-Lac-Wayagamac, before being merged with La Tuque.
The mouth of Petit lac Wayagamac is located (in a direct line) southeast of downtown La Tuque and east of Lake Wayagamac.
This Haute-Mauricie lake includes Bouleau Bay (which receives Bouleau Creek from the north) and Mystérieur Bay located at the mouth of the Mysterious River (coming from the south).
From the outlet of Petit lac Wayagamac, the Petite Rivière Bostonnais (English: Little Bostonnais River) runs 4.4 km (measured by water) before emptying into Lake Wayagamac (southeast side).
Lake Wayagamac in turn empties from the west into the Little Bostonnais River which is approximately 10.6 km long (measured by water), between the Wayagamac lake dam and the mouth of the river which flows into the Saint-Maurice River at the southern limit of the town of La Tuque (just south of the airport).
From the outlet of Petit lac Wayagamac, the water from the Petite rivière Bostonnais flows over 23.6 km, 8.6 km of which cross Lake Wayagamac from East to West.
This name, in the form of Wayagamack was mentioned in 1876 in one of the reports of the surveyor Télésphore Chavigny De La Chevrotière.
In addition, Kruger, in partnership with the Société générale de financement du Québec (SGF Rexfor), acquired the Kruger Wayagamack plant in 2001.
Gotovskytė made her Fed Cup debut for Lithuania in 2007, while the team was competing in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I.
He also holds the Guinness World Record for the longest distance traveled on an electric bike in 12 hours, covering a distance of 180.75 miles at the Grampian Transport Museum in Alford, Aberdeenshire.
In 2011, Ramsey founded Plug In Adventures to support his goal of promoting electric vehicle adoption by demonstrating their capabilities in the harshest climates on Earth.
His adventuring began in 2015 when he and his wife took just two days to finish the 1,652-mile journey from John O’Groats to Land’s End and back again in a 24kWh Nissan Leaf, using only publicly available and free EV charging points.
In 2017 Ramsey entered his own Nissan Leaf in the Mongol Rally, becoming the first driver of an electric vehicle to compete in the 10,000-mile competition.
That year’s rally began at Goodwood Circuit in England and ended in the Siberian city of Ulan-Ude, miles north of the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar.
The 30kWh Nissan Leaf had a 155-mile range on a single charge and featured light modifications to cope with the terrain on the rally.
These modifications included Speedline SL2 Marmora wheels and Maxsport RB3 tyres, as well as welded plates beneath the wishbones, an aluminium sump guard and a roof-mounted light bar.
When you think about how much fuel one of the Mongol rally teams would have put in, it would have been $1,500 -- £1,800 worth of petrol.
On 26 August 2018, Ramsey broke the Guinness World Record for the furthest distance travelled on an e-bike in a 12-hour period.
He also provides educational lecturers to businesses and schools to help them understand the ecological and climate benefits of electric car adoption.
The Swedish results are counted by county only, since the seats are shared on a national basis, rendering eight fewer counting areas than in Riksdag elections.
In the Western Cape Province, it occurs around the town of Riversdale, westwards to Heidelberg and eastwards to Mossel Bay and Hartenbos.
Kofi Osei-Ameyaw is a Ghanaian lawyer and former member of parliament representing the Asuogyaman constituency in the Eastern Region of Ghana on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party.
He was a member of the Sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Asuogyaman constituency from 2012 to 2016.
He has coordinated and been involved in several research projects, funded by the Academy of Finland, European Commission (Framework Programme 7 and Horizon 2020), Norface, and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.
But suddenly the war broke out and his father went to the front, but before that he told Petya that he should always be kind and sympathetic.
The 2019-20 Pioneer Football League will be the 5th edition of the youth grassroots football league in Bangladesh hosted and run by the Bangladesh Football Federation.The main goal of this league to produce future stars for national team and clubs.Though the previous seasons of the league were held in accordance with the U-16 format, but starting from this edition, it will be U-15 tournament.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2016 event featured twelve professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
On September 14, 2015, Kudo suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury while taking part in Pro Wrestling Noah's 2015 NTV G+ Cup Junior Heavyweight Tag League.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on June 26, Shuji Ishikawa earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Konosuke Takeshita.
At 2:23 pm, between the third and fourth matches, a yakitori pinned Toru Owashi to become the 1,163rd Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion.
Keisuke Ishii (the seventh entrant) forced Cherry to submit with a single leg crab to eliminate her from the match and become the 1,165th champion.
A few minutes later, Yoshihiko (an inflatable love doll which was the last entrant) eliminated Ishii with a rear naked choke, forcing him to submit and becoming the 1,166th champion.
Then, at 4:56 pm, Joey Ryan lost the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship to a yakitori by choking on it when a referee counted this as a submission and declared the yakitori the 1,169th champion.
Next, Harashima and Yuko Miyamoto challenged Kai from Wrestle-1 and Ken Ohka for the KO-D Tag Team Championship in a match sponsored by Uchicomi!.
Its objective is to serve as professional representation of the ethnic Hungarian ethnographers from Romania, and to provide an institutional framework for research and professional work.
Since its inception has been operating continuously, and as ethnographic research and ethnographic education began to develop, its activities expanded and diversified.
From 1994 the Society has its own headquarters, where a library, an archive, a publisher and a lecture hall is housed.
After World War II, the communist regime terminated the ethnographic education at Bolyai University in 1948, leaving Hungarian ethnographic research in Romania without any background institution.
Nevertheless, ethnography was included in the subjects of other faculties (history, humanities), and research and publications were published by various institutions until 1989.
After the Romanian Revolution the Hungarian ethnographers felt the need to set up a research organization, which represents and advocates their interests.
The founder president was Ferenc Pozsony, the first secretary was Erzsébet Zakariás, and its first honorary president was Iván Balassa (1991-2002).
The Society was named after the Unitarian bishop János Kriza, who was a well known Transylvaninan collector of folklore in the 19th century.
The goal of the founding founding Transylvanian intellectuals, teachers and museologists was to study folk culture, to process and preserve the material and intellectual heritage and to examine these professionally.
In addition to regular field research, folklore collecting competitions, thematic professional conferences, seminars, exhibitions, publishing results, establishing a documentation center, the Society also intended to play a role in protecting the ethnographers interests and liaising with Hungarian ethnographic researchers and institutions in the Carpathian Basin.
At the same time, as an educational and cultural background institution, they considered it important to contribute to the Hungarian-language ethnographic training at the University of Cluj.
Since there were few opportunities for continuous professional relations between 1945 and 1989, the Kriza János Ethnographic Society organized 2-3 thematic conferences a year in various settlements in Transylvania.
Researchers from Hungary also took an active part in this by transferring their knowledge, the latest research and interpretation methods of European ethnography.
In the autumn of 1990, Professor János Péntek at the Babeș-Bolyai University restarted ethnographic education, and since 1995 more and more young people with an ethnographic qualification have been admitted to educational, cultural, scientific and museal institutions in Romania.
As Romanian scientific environment did not integrate the results of Hungarian researchers in the 1990s, the management of the Society sought to establish an independent center for science, documentation, culture and education.
As a result of the work of József Kötő and Erzsébet Zakariás, with the support of the Illyés Foundation, the Kriza János Ethnographic Society moved into its real estate in 1994 in the center of Cluj.
Mária Szikszai, Dóra Czégényi, Éva Borbély, Judit Keszeg and Erzsébet Tímea Tatár played a decisive role in the continuous processing and operation of the repository and the library.
With the support of the Hungarian Ministry of National Cultural Heritage, the first permanent exhibition of the Csángó Ethnographic Museum was opened on September 14, 2003 in Zăbala.
In 2004, with the support of the Apáczai Foundation, the mansard of the headquarters was converted to a space suitable for lectures and exhibitions.
In the same year, the Society was also a founding member of the Hungarian University Federation of Cluj, which serves as the background institution of Hungarian higher education in Cluj.
The library moved to its current location in 1994, where in addition to more than 10,000 books, the latest scientifical periodicals are available.
The volumes contain mainly the basic works of Hungarian and universal ethnography, but they also include works of social science (anthropology, sociology, history, linguistics, local history, literature).
The accessible stock is constantly expanding through contacts with institutions and publishers in the Carpathian Basin, and the results of scientific literature and researches are constantly enriching the library.
Since 2007 the library catalog is available on the Society's website, where the most important information about the items (author, editor, title, publisher, place of publication) can be searched.
The manuscripts include the material of renowned researchers such as Károly Kós Jr., József Faragó, Jenő Nagy, László Székely, Judit Szentimrei and Géza Vámszer.
Within the framework of a multiannual project, the digitization of the material of the most important inheritances as well as ethnographic collections is ongoing and will be made available in the form of a digital archive.
The Csángó Archive exists as a separate division and is constantly expanding, containing more than two thousand items, manuscripts, rare publications, maps, other documents in Hungarian, Romanian, English and German.
Each of these items contains the most important bibliographic information, and the material can be listed by year, title, or topic.
The database archives the values accepted by the Transylvanian Hungarian Values Committee, and the main topics are: agro- and food industry, industrial and technical solutions, natural environment, health and lifestyle, cultural heritage, tourism and hospitality, built environment, sport.
The database contains photographs of ethnographic subjects dating from the 1910s, from well known researchers and photographs such as Béla Gunda, László Seiwarth, Károly Kós, Géza Vámszer, Jenő Nagy, Tamás Szabó, László Péterfy, and other researchers and students of the Society and the Department of Hungarian Ethnography and Anthropology of the Babeș-Bolyai University.
These books ensure the presentation of the latest results of the Hungarian ethnographic research in Romania and the work of the Society's members.
The yearbook series contains mostly materials of conferences, the Kriza Books series displays the ethnographic fieldwork, study and interpretation, the Kriza Library series provides the publication of sources and folklore texts.
These volumes can also be found in national and regional public libraries, libraries of NGOs, smaller ethnographic and social science units.
This can be searched by title, author, subject, year of publication, or location, and all texts are available in PDF format.
The most important professional partner of the Society is the Department of Hungarian Ethnography and Anthropology of the Babeș-Bolyai University, of which the Kriza János Ethnographic Society is a background institution.
The Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers and covering planning and management for hazardous, toxic and radioactive wastes.
In December 2019, Members of Parliament approved the holding of a referendum on the legislation, also lowering the voting age for the referendum to 16.
Government funding of up to £50,000 will be provided for the 'yes' and 'no' campaigns, with each campaign limited to spending £50,000 in total.
A 'Gibraltar for Yes' group was formed to campaign in favour of the change, conistsing of Choice Gibraltar, Feminist Gibraltar No More Shame Gibraltar and the Secular Humanist Society of Gibraltar.
The film tells about a beautiful and intelligent thirty-year-old woman named Galina, who works in the workshop of the Catherine Palace.
The President of Tajikistan is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote, a second round is held between 15 and 31 days later between the top two candidates.
Voter turnout must exceed 50% for the result to be validated; if it falls below the threshold, fresh elections will be held.
In 2019, Sharofiddin Gadoev, a leader of the banned opposition movement Group 24, said that he had been abducted in Russia and brought to Tajikistan.
The Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers covering irrigation engineering as a specialty area in agricultural engineering, and drainage engineering as a specialty area in civil engineering.
He won a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, a gold at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, and a gold and a silver at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.
She was named after John H. McIntosh, an American college football player and coach, as well as an attorney and newspaper editor.
Elaphoglossum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The temple is located on Rachini Road, north of Saranrom Palace near the Ministry of Defence and the Grand Palace, its main entrance is on Saranrom Road.
According to King Mongkut the three principal temples in the old capital city of Ayutthaya were; Wat Mahathat, Wat Ratchaburana and Wat Rachapradit.
Ever since the establishment of Bangkok as the capital city in 1782, only two temples with those names were built; Wat Mahathat and Wat Ratchaburana.
These garlic jars were then collected and used by the king's workmen as the foundation of the main ordination hall of the temple.
The main Buddha image is a replica of the Phra Phuttha Sihing, underneath it are interred the ashes of King Mongkut.
On the wall opposite the Buddha image is a mural depicting King Mongkut watching the solar eclipse at Wakor village, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province on 18 August 1868.
On either side of the Phra Viharn Luang are two almost identical white shrines, with a prang-style spire on the top, these are termed prasat and denote specially royal or sacred buildings.
Like the two shrines, these smaller stupas were built during the reign of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), in the early 20th century.
The Army of Arauco () was a professional army in the service of the kings of Spain that was based in Spanish-Mapuche frontier, south-central Chile, during the 16th to 19th centuries.
The army was establisehd after the disastrous Destruction of the Seven Cities (1598–1604) to fight in the Arauco War against anti-Spanish Mapuche coalitions.
Born in Essen, from 1927 Adrio studierte musicology with Hermann Abert, Arnold Schering, Hans Joachim Moser and Friedrich Blume at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
After a period as an assistant to Schering at the Music History Department in Berlin, he took over the Collegium musicum vocale of the university, where he became a professor in 1953, and taught at the Berlin Church Music School.
He edited the St. Matthew Passion by Johann Georg Kühnhausen, worked on Johann Rudolph Ahle, Dietrich Buxtehude, Christoph Demantius, Johann Crüger, Melchior Franck, Tobias Michael, Johann Hermann Schein, Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel, Georg Philipp Telemann, but also on music of the 20th century, for example Ernst Pepping.
Born in 1976 in Vilnius, in Soviet Lithuania, Beskin emigrated to Israel with her family in 1990, settling in the kibbutz Ein Carmel.
Of her childhood in Vilnius Beskin said in an interview: Vilnius is a multi-cultural city: there are Lituanian, Russian, Polish, and Jewish elements there.
I went to a Russian-language school, but I was born into a world in which, necessarily, you hear several languages spoken around you.
You develop curiosity and a tolerance for the unknown.Regarding her non-literary day job, she said in a different interview:I think every intellectual should have a degree in economics.
[...] I am first and foremost a woman of letters, and I consider translation no less important than my original writing.
[...] On the other hand, I am very glad I do not make my living in literature, or I'd have been miserable.
In 2006, Beskin published her first volume of poetry, יצירה ווקאלית ליהודי, דג ומקהלה (Hebrew: A Vocal Work for Jew, Fish, and Choir).
Unusually, the poems are organized in the book under headings not of poetic genres such as sonnets, but of musical genres such as blues and rock 'n' roll.
Of her deliberate mixing of language registers and cultural references, she remarked: I consider the entire language material to work with.
For example, in her poem 'The Fissure': it's a heartbreaking love poem, [expressing a desire to keep the lover being lost as though in an ice fissure] and she writes: 'You and I are bound like Etna and Empedocles'.
Empedocles the ancient Greek philosopher studied volcanoes, and went to live on mount Etna, until it erupted and buried him and the surrounding villages.
I would start with 'In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth', and work my way through world poetry.
In 2006, Beskin's first book received both positive (Ziva Shamir, Menachem Ben, Daniel Oz) and negative reviews (Daphna Schori, Shimon Bouzaglo).
Almost paradoxically, Beskin is a very local poet, whose longings are anchored to the here and now, and do not reject [the present], but perceive and integrate with [its] frequencies.
McGregor is an Anishinaabe from Whitefish River First Nation and she was born in Birch Island, Ontario to Elder Marion McGregor.
After earning her PhD, McGregor was an assistant professor in Aboriginal Studies and Geography at the University of Toronto where she also served as Interim Director of the Centre for Aboriginal Initiatives.
The next year, she was renewed as a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Indigenous Environmental Justice, which allowed her to continue working on York's Indigenous Environmental Justice Project.
The Iwaidō Cave is located on the right bank of the Ogatsu River, which joins the uppermost stream of the Omono River, in swamps deep into the mountains near the border between Akita Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture, at an altitude of 190 meters.
The ruins are composed of four large and small caves in a tuff outcrop with a total length of about 80 meters, and a height of two to eight meters The caves were used as dwellings in the Jōmon period, and a relic inclusion layer was found in each cave.
The caves were explored by local archaeologists around the year 1900, and a number of earthenware and stone artifacts were recovered from Cave 2.
However, it was not until 1962 to 1970, and in 1976 that a series of comprehensive excavations were undertaken by the Akita Prefecture Board of Education.
The lowest layer contained a group of pointed earthenware from the early Jōmon period, and each of the subsequent layers had artifacts of late middle and late Jōmon pottery, final-Jōmon pottery, and finally Haji ware and Yayoi period earthenware in a stratified manner.
Cave 3 was shallow, but had a thick deposit level in its vestibule, and excavations were conducted to a depth of about three meters.
The depth of the cave is shallow, but the front is about four meters long, and the vestibule had a flat surface with a length of around 20 metes.
The first layer contained earthenware, Yayoi pottery, late Jōmon period pottery, the third layer contained late Jōmon period pottery, the fifth layer contained early Jōmon period artifacts, and the seventh and lower layers belong to the early Jōmon period.
The style of earthenware excavated from the 11th and 13th layers was almost unknown in the Tōhoku region at the time of the survey, and was an extremely important archaeological discovery.
From the above, it was determined that the site has been used as a residence for several thousand years, except for and unexplained gap in the middle of the Jōmon period.
The caves are not open to the public, but there is a small museum housing some of the discovered items and a diorama.
The 2020 Dubai Tennis Championships (also known as the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) is an upcoming ATP 500 event on the 2020 ATP Tour and a Premier tournament on the 2020 WTA Tour.
Haden, as the appliance brand was founded in 1958 after Denis Howard Haden founded his own, separate company, D.H. Haden Ltd. to focus his efforts on manufacturing kettles, which continued production until 2000 when the brand was sold to Russell Hobbs.
Luke Offord (born 19 November 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for Crewe Alexandra.
He was given a two-year contract (with an optional two-year extension) in May 2019 having spent time on loan at Witton Albion.
Soon after his return to Crewe, he made his first team debut, and first Crewe start, playing at centre-half in a 2–0 win over Leyton Orient on 28 January 2020.
Eric McWoods (born 21 October 1995) is an American professional footballer who plays as a forward for Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Zalaegerszeg.
His form in July continued and he ended up becoming the Player of the Month for July of the 2019 Meistriliiga season.
At the national level, she is a two-time Danish women's champion (2015, 2016) and a three-time junior champion (2013, 2014, 2015).
CASSTL is an artist-run initiative founded in 2017 when a series of forward-thinking artists started organizing alternative spaces for emerging art in Antwerp.
In 2019 Los Angeles breakout art star Gabriela Ruiz performed at CASSTL with a work that played with body and identity where she was seen on a bed of Zote laundry soap, touching on issues of domesticity and labor.
The film's central premise is the search for ‘toxin x’, which is supposed to be at the root of all mental disorders.
He tutored the sons of Nicholas I of Montenegro and served as the honorary consul of the Kingdom of Montenegro in Switzerland until 1918.
He was the sole consul of Montenegro in Switzerland, since the kingdom was absorbed into the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes shortly after his death.
She is the incumbent Minister of Education, Youth and Sports, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
The Tazón México II was played on April 30 with the Mayas defeating the Raptors to win their second LFA championship.
Prior to the Mexico II Bowl, the visiting team, Dinos, was about to cancel the match since they had to travel by bus 10 hours from Saltillo to Mexico City, get to play and return immediately, with no opportunity to train or rest before the game, which put them at a notable disadvantage.
Due to the increase in teams for the 2017 season, the LFA made some changes in the competition format, creating two divisions, the North and the Center, although for sponsorship reasons these divisions were named after commercial products.
The new format included divisional championships to be played in the postseason, the winners of which would go to the Tazón México.
The Tazón México II (called Indian Motorcycle Tazón México II for sponsorship reasons) was the second edition of the LFA championship game.
Eric Watterson (born 30 June 1964) is an Australian former professional basketball player who played 11 seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL) for the Perth Wildcats.
Watterson began his career with the Perth Wildcats in 1984 and was a member of their 1990 and 1991 championship winning teams.
He retired in 1994, having played 306 games for the Wildcats, the second Wildcats player after Mike Ellis to play 300 games for the club.
In 1987, Bornet won the Twin Cities Marathon, finishing with a time of 2:30:11.She went on to win the Twin Cities Marathon again in 1990 with her personal best time of 2:29:22.
On June 11, 1978, she won second place in at a 3000 m race in Brussels, Belgium with a time of 9:38.94.
Bornet’s marathon run at the 1985 Universiade competition earned France a gold medal, despite the run being the slowest of her career (2:48:11).
On Oct. 11, 1987, she was the first to cross the finish at the Twin Cities Marathon, winning $25,000 in a time of 2:30:11.
She ran the last marathon of her career on Jan. 31, 1993 at the Osaka Women’s International Marathon, ending in 17th place with a 2:43:25 run.
The 2020 Four Continents Short Track Speed Skating Championships were the inaugural Four Continents Short Track Speed Skating Championships and held from 11 to 12 January 2020 in Montreal, Canada.
Originally from New York, Paulson decided to leave Northern Arizona University at age 19 after her first year there in order to concentrate on a professional running career.
Paulson won the citizen's race of the 2008 Bolder Boulder in her first 10K run outing and moved into the professional ranks two months later, placing in the top twenty at the Peachtree Road Race as the fastest American woman.
She made her first half marathon appearance by placing ninth in the New York Half Marathon with a time of 1:13:22.
She ran in the USA 20K Championships held at the New Haven Road Race and placed third in 1:08:55 after losing a sprint to the finish against Jill Steffens and Elva Dryer.
She closed her debut year with eighth at the Rock ‘n’ Roll San Jose Half Marathon and 15th at the New York City Marathon, recording 2:41:17 hours on her debut over the marathon distance.
In 2010 she was runner-up at the Arizona Half Marathon, fourth at the Mardi Gras Half Marathon in a personal record of 1:13:15, then won the Country Music Marathon with a time of 2:33:41 hours.
She did not compete in 2011 or 2012 and, after completing three half marathon runs slower than 80 minutes in 2013, she stopped competing at a high level.
To the east it is bound by the Upper Kolyma Highlands and to the south it overlaps with the Suntar Khayata Range.
Amish Country United is an American amateur soccer club based out of Berlin, Ohio, competing in the Northern Ohio Soccer League and the Ohio Heart Cup.
Originally created in 2014 as the Highland Strikers, the club was formally founded in 2016 by a group led by Mount Vernon Nazarene University student Braden Mast.
The name Amish Country United comes from the teams location in Holmes County, which has the second highest Amish population in the country, with over 35,000 Amish living in the area.
Amish Country United completed the first signing in NOSL history on December 2, 2019, with Cole Sarver completing a free transfer to the team from the Wayne Rovers.
Joel Onwonga (or Joel Onwong'a) is a Kenyan long distance runner, best known for winning the 1996 Twin Cities Marathon in 2:13:13.
The 2000–01 Divizia D was the 59th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off match played on a neutral venue.
Rae Silver is a Canadian behavioral neuroendocrinologist and neuroscientist best known for her research on the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in generating circadian rhythms, the role of mast cells in the brain, the physiological mechanisms of parental behavior in ring doves.
She is currently the Helene L. and Mark N. Kaplan Professor of Natural & Physical Sciences and is currently the Chair of the Neuroscience Program and Professor of Psychology at Barnard College.
In addition, she is jointly appointed as a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Columbia University and in the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology with the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons.
From 1974–76, she was an Assistant Professor at Hunter College of the City University of New York, as well as a Research Associate at The American Museum of Natural History.
She has held her position as the Helene L. and Mark N. Kaplan Professor of Natural & Physical Sciences since 1990.
In 2002, she served as co‐Chair of the Research Maximization and Prioritization Committee at NASA, which prioritized biological research for the International Space Station.
She was also a representative of the U.S. on the Council of Scientists for the International Human Frontier Science Program, an international science funding body, where she served as Chair from 2010–2012.
In 2015, Silver was awarded the Daniel S. Lehrman Lifetime Achievement Award in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, an award named in honor of her doctoral advisor.
Her early studies focused on the neural and hormonal mechanisms of behavior in male ring doves, in particular, as well as the sharing of parental responsibility and coordination between the male and female.
She documented a number of changes in both members of the pair across the reproductive cycle, including in steroid hormones, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Her interest in changes which occurred in the brains of ring doves during reproduction and parental behaviors, such as the timing of egg incubation bouts, led her to pursue questions related to circadian rhythms (daily cycles of activity and sleep).
Her and members of her lab then performed a number of fundamental experiments demonstrating on the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in both birds and mammals, including a series of experiments demonstrating that a hormonal signal from the SCN sustains circadian activity rhythms in golden hamsters.
She has also conducted research on the role of mast cells, part of the immune system, on brain vasculature, hormone production, neuronal transmission, and behavior.
Francis Adu-Blay Koffie is a Ghanaian politician who served as a member of parliament for the Prestea-Huni Valley Constituency from 2009 to 2017.
Koffie entered parliament on 7 January 2009 representing the Prestea-Huni Valley Constituency on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC).
He remained in parliament for a second consecutive term but lost to Barbara Oten-Gyasi of the New Patriotic Party in his third bid to occupy the seat.
While in parliament, Koffie served on various parliamentary committees, some of which include; the Special Budget Committee, and the Works and Housing Committee.
Harry Rudkin (born 16 June 1994) is an English retired rugby union player who played for Leicester Tigers in the Aviva Premiership.
Rudkin made his England Under-20s debut and only international appearance against Scotland U20s, coming from the bench in the 2014 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
One of the most popular comedy artists ever in Sri Lankan film history, Sirisena had a career spanned about three decades acted more than 150 films.
Since then, he continued act in more than 150 films particularly as the supporting comedian with other popular comedy actors of his era such as Freddie Silva, B. S. Perera and Wimal Kumara de Costa.
Born in Vienna, Neuwirth comes from a musical family; the composer Gösta Neuwirth is his brother, the composer Olga Neuwirth his daughter.
At the age of twelve he was already performing piano concertos by Mozart; he remained faithful to classical music until the age of 18, when he turned to jazz and became a jazz pianist.
Since its foundation in 1965, Neuwirth has taught at the Institute for Jazz at the then University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, (now University of Music), where he was department head from 1975 to 1983.
He was a founding member of the sextet of Erich Kleinschuster, led his own ensembles and composed or arranged film and theatre music.
Elizabeth Rose, Lady of Kilravock (8 March 1747 – 1 November 1815), 19th Laird, Baroness of Kilravock, was an eighteenth-century Scottish literary critic and author.
Her uncle, John Clephane, advised her ‘‘Reading and writing and playing on the spinet is all very well …The two first deserve great application.
After the death of her brother, the 18th Baron of Kilravock, and a five-year long contest over succession rights, she was granted title to most of the estates, including Kilravock.
Reading was intended to influence her own moral improvement and to prepare her for the world into which she had suddenly been thrust due the premature deaths of her father, her brothers and her husband.
As she had requested, she was buried in the old [St. Mary's] chapel of Geddes with her coffin resting on birch trees cut from the Kilravock estate.
She shared her reading with others as she actively sought to cultivate a specific philosophy of reading in the next generation of female readers.
By the end of the century, she was well enough known for Anne Grant, who had never met her, to take Helen Dunbar’s report of Rose’s praise of her manuscript verse as significant encouragement in Grant’s decision to publish her work.
Grant described Rose’s ‘elegant critisms’ as ‘an excellent cork jacket’ to keep her afloat as she ventured into the swampy world of publication.
Her own style of writing…was not natural, and she has scarcely written anything worthy of being preserved for its intrinsic qualities - Hew RoseShe became an author by providence rather than design.
Within these journals she recorded every book she read and collected passages from those books in a series of voluminous commonplace books.
In her commonplace book, Poems, Rose excerpted poetry written by Samuel Johnson, Horace, Henry Mackenzie, and others, editing and revising their poetry to suit her own sense of poetics.
Amongst other things, the letters show that Mackenzie shared excerpts from his books and asked her for her opinion on the novel as he was writing it.
She concurrently serves as the elected Member of Parliament for Kakumiro District Women Constituency in the 10th Parliament (2016 - 2021).
Her Bachelor of Democracy and Development Studies and her Master of Arts in Development Studies were both awarded by Uganda Martyrs University.
She then spent the next ten years (2001 - 2010) serving as a Resident District Commissioner in the districts of Pallisa, Busia and Budaka.
In 2011, she joined Uganda's electoral politics by successfully contesting for Kibaale District Women Representative in the 9th Parliament (2011 - 2016).
In the cabinet reshuffle on 14 December 2019, Nabbanja was appointed State Minister of Health (General Duties), replacing Sarah Achieng Opendi who was named State Minister for Mineral Wealth.
In Praise of Polytheism (On Monomythical and Polymythical Thinking) () is an essay by the German philosopher Odo Marquard, held as a lecture in 1978 and published in 1979.
For philosophy to break with the monomyth, it must allow dissent and tell stories again, defying charges of relativism and scepticism.
With that in mind, Halbmayr called for resumed critical discussions about hope and ethics within the theology and philosophy of history.
In her 2016 book on Germanic neopaganism, Stefanie von Schnurbein grouped Marquard's essay with texts written by Botho Strauß and Martin Walser in the 1990s.
Trzebieszów () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Siemków () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Elections to the Sutherland District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
In 1974, the Philippine government encouraged the private sector to build hotels in anticipation of th 1976 International Monetary Fund-World Bank (IMF-WB) annual meeting to be hosted in the county.
The Marsteel Corporation, an integrated steel manufacturing firm entered into a joint venture agreement with All Nippon Airways Enterprise, Co. Ltd. (ANAE) to convert the Maranaw Hotels and Resort Corporation (MHRC) into a joint venture corporation for the purpose of building a hotel at a site at the Harrison Park in Malate, Manila.
In 1975, MHRC entered in a franchise agreement with the Sheraton Hotel and Inns Worldwide to allow the usage of the Sheraton brand for its hotel.
By the time, the hotel is already in full operation, it already has 450 available rooms, eight food and beverage outlets, a shopping arcade, a medical clinic, a dental clinic, a barber shop, and a beauty shop.
The franchise agreement allowing the hotel to use the Sheraton Hotel brand was not renewed in 1996 and the name of the hotel became Century Park Hotel.
The hotel is known for accommodating Chinese Presidents during their visits to the Philippines including President Xi Jinping, Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin.
Steiner came to Canada in 1968 as a draft resister, where he became a historian and archivist at Conrad Grebel University College in Waterloo, Ontario and was the founding editor of the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia.
He has authored five books about Mennonite history, including a biography of Jacob Yost Shantz and is considered an authority on Ontario Mennonite history.
He played for the BC Lions from 1991 to 1993, the Toronto Argonauts in 1993, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1994 to 1995 and for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1997.
Moszczanka-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Marak was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tura on 3 June 2004 and ordained a bishop on 3 October 2004 by Archbishop Pedro López Quintana.
Elections to the Skye and Lochalsh District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Gajówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Włókna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Zimne Kąty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
He enrolled at Wartburg College and Iowa State University before completing a bachelor's degree in exercise science at the University of Northern Iowa.
Smith then worked as the strength and conditioning coach at Waterloo East High School and volunteered as a member of the high school's American football coaching staff.
He left East High to work at a Target Corporation distribution center, then joined Four Oaks, a special education program, as a counselor and later, shift leader.
During his time at Four Oaks, Smith worked toward a master's degree in leisure, youth and human services from the University of Northern Iowa.
Smith contested that seat in 2016 as a Democratic Party candidate, defeating Republican Party candidate Todd Obadal and political independent John Patterson.
Ethiopian military leaders also provided essential training to Mandela, which helped launch Umkhonto we Sizwe, which was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress.
Włóczno () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Elections to the Ross and Cromarty District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 29, 30, and 31 August 1985.
It is surrounded by the Nidelva to the southwest, by the districts of Nidarvoll, Bratsbergveien to the northeast, and by the district of Leira to the southeast.
The neighborhood developed as an industrial area from 1975, and remains today an important industrial and business center of the city of Trondheim.
There are companies from various sectors such as: the sale of medical equipments (AssiTech AS), household maintenance (Trøndervask AS), accounting, etc.
Osiedle is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.
Elections to the Nairn District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Taking Tiger Mountain is a 1983 American science fiction film directed by Tom Huckabee and Kent Smith, and starring Bill Paxton in one of his earliest on-screen acting roles.
Smith, who worked as an employee at Encyclopædia Britannica Films with actor Bill Paxton, journeyed with Paxton and University of Texas at Austin student Tom Huckabee to Morocco in 1974 to begin shooting the film.
After being bailed out of jail by Smith, they were deported to Gibraltar, and proceeded to drive to South Wales, where Paxton was once a foreign exchange student, and filmed there.
Huckabee and Paxton decided to abandon the initial idea based on the Getty kidnapping, and enlisted the help of Paul Cullum to change the script.
Changes in this version include on-screen graphics having been replaced with digital text, the addition of computer-generated rain and lens flares, and a different ending that features color footage shot on an iPhone.
Most of the listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings, and the other listed buildings include a church and a memorial in the churchyard, a bridge, a public house, and a milepost.
James Urry (born 25 March 1949 in London, England) is a New Zealand historian, author and professor at the School of Social and Cultural Studies at Victoria University of Wellington in Wellington, New Zealand.
He has published extensively on Russian Mennonites in Canada, including his 2006 book 'Mennonites, Politics, and Peoplehood: Europe, Russia, Canada, 1525-1980'.
In 2018, he created the company, ‘Ecobranding’ as well as the Ecobranding foundation with his mentors Oliver Bontemps and David Jobin, co-founders of Royalties branding agency.
The colors of the logotypes have a limited total ink coverage, the printable surface of the symbols is reduced, shapes are simple, producing light digital files that occupy little server space and reduce the energy consumption of the logotypes when displayed on web and mobile applications.
• Eco-interface: All user interface which reduces server space and limits energy consumption, owing notably to the use of dark mode and a minimalist website architecture.
In early 2018, the Ecobranding agency presented the first concept of a black background interface to reduce energy consumption on smartphones with OLED screens.
Paris 2024 Olympic Emblem and its custom typeface has been designed by Ecobranding agency and its partner brand consulting agency Royalties.
In August 2012, Skelton worked in collaboration with the City of Dallas and the Dallas Police Department to address vandalism issues by providing and promoting walls where graffiti would be permitted.
To honor the passing of late recording artist C. Struggs, Tony Slowmo and a colleague dedicated a mural depicting the Dallas rapper in 2018 at the Fabrication Yard in West Dallas.
Schiske was born in Győr in what is now western Hungary which was then still part of the Danube Monarchy in 1916.
From 1932 he received composition lessons from Ernst Kanitz, a pupil of Franz Schreker, and in 1939 he passed the final examination in composition at the Vienna University of Music as an external student.
In addition, he studied musicology, art history, philosophy and physics at the University of Vienna and received his doctorate in 1942 on the use of dissonance in Bruckner's symphonies.
He received his training as a pianist with Roderich Bass and Julius Varga at the Neues Wiener Konservatorium and with Hans Weber at the Vienna Academy of Music.
While still a student, the city orchestra of the Wiener Symphoniker and the Steinbauer Quartet performed his early works in the Wiener Musikverein and the Wiener Konzerthaus from 1939 onwards.
After the end of the war he lived as a freelance composer in Vienna with longer stays in Upper Austria, Styria, Salzburg and Orth on the Danube.
Schiske's patron and sponsor at that time was Rita Schuller of Götzburg from Großsölk/Styria, to whom Schiske dedicated a large number of compositions.
2 to 4, the Chamber Concerto for Orchestra and a large number of chamber music works, until 1952, when he received a call from the Vienna Academy of Music to teach composition.
Internationally, he appeared in 1957 as co-founder of a studio for electronic music and held guest professorships at the University of California, Riverside in 1966 and 1967.
He died on 16 June 1969 at the age of 53 from a brain haemorrhage and was buried at the local cemetery in Orth an der Donau.
The team fails to advance in Coppa Italia, Milan finishes in Group 4 in second place with 5 points with games won against Lecce and Foggia in the first rounds, after a shocking defeat with SPAL the team did not reach the victory against Catanzaro.
Although, Perugia were the first team during the round-robin era to go through the season undefeated, due to their number of drawn matches, they finished second in the league behind Milan.
In a key strategic movement by manager Nils Liedholm, newly arrived Walter Novellino from Vicenza played as striker along with Stefano Chiodi and Gianni Rivera..
In the final round of this campaign, the club captain Gianni Rivera retired after 19 seasons, he played 658 games scoring 164 goals letting the band to Albertino Bigon.
Louis François de La Bourdonnaye de Coëtion was Marquis de La Bourdonnaye and Vicomte de Coëtion, Intendant de Rouen, Conseiller d'État.
He was named Counselor at the Second chambre of Requests of Parliament of Paris 3 July 1722, then Maître des requêtes in 1724.
He was a member of the Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Rouen and was an active participant in its founding in 1744, and there he was Honorary Professor and Vice President before becoming President in 1745.
He retired from his duties at Rouen on 9 July 1755 due to weakening vision preventing him from reading memoires and papers submitted to him.
Fox declined to purchase the pilot and it instead became a made-for-television film, marking the fifth title in the film series after the .
Although the German film tells a similar story in which German troops are trapped behind Russian lines, it is no other way related to the American films.
The resulting pilot was written by Toscano adapting from the original story by famed screenwriters the brothers Jim and John Thomas.
Theron Douglas Price (born 1945) is an American archaeologist who is the Weinstein Emeritus Professor of European Archaeology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
He is well known as an authority on prehistoric Northern Europe and for his pioneering research in the field of archaeological science.
He entered the University of Michigan as a freshman in 1963, received his PhD from the Museum of Anthropological Archaeology at the University of Michigan in 1975.
Price served as the 6th Century Chair in Archaeological Science at the University of Aberdeen, and as President of the Society for Archaeological Science.
He is a recipient of the Pomerance Award of the American Institute of Archaeology for his extraordinary contributions to archaeological science.
He represented the Effia/Kwesimintsim constituency from 2001 until the constituency was split into the Effia constituency and the Kwesimintsim constituency in 2013.
While in parliament Baidoo-Ansah served on various committees, some of which include; the Committee on Government Assurances and the Communications Committee.
Foley was the president of the Brooks-Scanlon Lumber Company, in Foley, Florida; on the board of directors of the Atlantic National Bank, in Jacksonville; president of the Bahamas-Cuban Co.; and president of the LOP&G Railroad.
In the 2010 census, Tabalah had a population of 5,670, of which 4,990 were citizens of Saudi Arabia and 680 non-citizens.
In the early Islamic period (7th–13th centuries), it was a large and prosperous town on the pilgrimage route to Mecca from Yemen, in between the way-stations of Bisha and Ajrab.
According to al-Baladhuri and al-Tabari, the inhabitants of Tabalah accepted Islam without resistance and the Islamic prophet Muhammad imposed a poll tax on the Christians and Jews of the town and nearby Jurash.
The medieval Arabic geographers note that the town contained several springs and wells which watered the town's date palm groves and agricultural fields.
It is most known in the medieval sources as being the short-lived governorship of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, who considered it an insignificant post because it was hidden by a hill.
Amalie Konsa (also known as Brigitta; 10 March 1873 – 19 July 1949), was an Estonian stage and actress and singer.
She was chosen by August Wiera to join his troupe and she then played on and off from 1906 to 1949 with the Vanemuine.
She was the only actress employed by the theatre leader August Wiera who was re-empolyed to join the later Karl Menning troupe.
Panchanandapur also known as Pagla Ghat is a largest village in eastern side of Ganga River of the Kaliachak II CD Block in Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India.
It is on the eastern bank of the river Ganges.As in much of Bengal, the weather is usually extremely humid and tropical.
Temperatures can reach as high as 46 °C during the day in May and June and fall as low as 4 °C overnight in December and January.
Panchanandapur is located in the boarder area or river Ganges of Jharkhand and West Bengal.It is also known flooding and very poor area in Malda district.
The area is also known as Pagla Ghat because 1998 Ganga Rivers flood was very madly affected the area and damaged many houses.
Gómez managed and served as spokesperson of the El Rosario Monarch Butterfly Preserve, a component of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.
His brother stated he was last seen on 13 January at a fair with Ocampo mayor, Roberto Arriaga Colín and other municipal officials.
They received phone calls from individuals claiming to have kidnapped him, asking for ransom payments, which human rights activist Mayte Cardona said the family paid.
Gloria Tavera, an official with the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas stated they believe Gómez's death was not related to his activism.
Michoacán state prosecutors initially found no sign of trauma and suspected drowning; a detailed autopsy revealed evidence of an asphyxiation and head injury.
State prosecutor, Adrián López Solís reported that robbery does not appear to be a motive as nearly $500 in cash was found on Gómez's body.
The director of the World Heritage Centre, , as well as Miguel Clüsener-Godt, director of the Man and the Biosphere Programme, both expressed sadness and concern after the death of Gómez.
An official music video was released alongside the single, and features Robinson singing on a wet platform, seemingly walking on water.
This was ostensibly the fourth in a series that developed designs and deployment techniques later applied to the NOSS/Whitecloud reconnaissance satellites.
It is alleged that the real name of GGSE-4 was POPPY 5B or POPPY 5b and that it was a U.S. National Reconnaissance Office satellite designed to collect signals intelligence; POPPY 5B was part of a 7-satellite mission.
Other sources say that GGSE-4 weighed only 10 pounds but that it was attached to the much larger Poppy 5, which would have weighed 85 kg and featured an 18-meter boom.
Further complications arose from the fact that GGSE-4 was outfitted with an 18 meter long stabilization boom that was in an unknown orientation and may have struck the satellite even if the spacecraft's main body did not.
Initial observations from amateur astronomers seemed to indicate that both satellites had survived the pass, with the California-based debris tracking organization LeoLabs later confirming that they had detected no new tracked debris following the incident.
Gaoloujin station (simplified Chinese: 高楼金站; traditional Chinese: 高樓金站; Pinyin: Gāolóujīn Zhàn) is a subway station on Line 7 of the Beijing subway located in Jiazhouxiao Town in Tongzhou District.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo–South Sudan border is 714 km (444 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with the Central African Republic in the west to the tripoint with the Uganda in the east.
The border starts in the west at the CAR tripoint, proceeding overland in a broadly south-eastwards and then eastwards directions via series of irregular lines, terminating at the tripoint with Uganda.
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
At this time the area of the modern DRC was controlled by the Congo Free State, a state held under the personal rule of Belgian King Leopold II, who had sponsored various explorations in the region under the guise of humanitarianism.
Sudan (including South Sudan) was conquered by Britain in the 1890s, who then created a condominium with Egypt called Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in January 1899.
Britain has already signed a treaty with King Leopold on 12 May 1894 outlining their respective spheres of influence in Central Africa, roughly divided along the Nile-Congo drainage divide.
However the treaty also leased large areas of land in Central Africa to the Congo Free State, including the Lado Enclave.
Administration of the Congo Free State was taken over by the Belgian government in 1908 following controversies engendered by the atrocities committed by Leopold's forces there.
The Belgian lease over Lado was terminated by an Anglo-Belgian treaty of 14 May 1910, and the area was thereafter annexed to Sudan.
Sudan gained independence in 1956, followed by the Belgian Congo (as the Republic of the Congo, later renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo) on 30 June 1960.
The porous boundary today is extremely insecure owing to the after-effects of civil wars in South Sudan, DRC and CAR, as well as the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has spilled over from Uganda.
It was dissolved on 4 July 1977 by the Royal Decree 1558/77, being merged with the Ministry of Defence as part of the transition.
The Ministry of the Army originated in the , which existed from the 19th century to the Second Spanish Republic, coinciding with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and the reorganization of the governmental structure.
It was disestablished on 8 August 1939, after the end of the Civil War, when the ministries of Army, Navy and Air Force were created.
The administrative inefficiency reached the point that sometimes the departments of the Ministry encountered problems in coordinating the of Spain with each other.
Thus, the Ministry became the exponent of a bureaucratic office where it was possible to obtain a position or administrative charges depending on the services provided to the regime, or to the rampant nepotism that prevailed within the Army.
The Ministry was abolished by the Royal Decree 1558/77 of 4 July 1977, when Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez created the Ministry of Defence as part of his second government, which integrated the ministries of the Army, Navy and Air Force during the transition, following the 1977 general election.
The Carabineros were integrated into the Civil Guard in 1940 and disappeared, while the new Armed Police Corps, created in 1941, was also subject to the Army in some areas.
He was born on 12 February 1857 the son of Robert Wright, a tenant farmer of Downan Farm near Ballantrae in Ayrshire.
He took up farming himself but abandoned it due to his views on land tenure, and instead focussed on Scottish land reforms and improvements for tenant farmers.
Thunbergia natalensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae, that is native to parts of mainland Africa, including South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, East Cape Province), Eswatini, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi and Zimbabwe.
This handsome plant is cultivated in temperate regions for its masses of summer-flowering pale blue, trumpet-shaped blooms against dark hairy leaves.
The paper was popular, being downloaded more in a single month than the rest of the journal's articles typically get in a full year.
Cofnas' article prompted a response defending MacDonald from Edward Dutton, a theologian and anthropologist affiliated with the Ulster Institute for Social Research.
Old Malda Municipality is responsible for the civic administration of the Old Malda under the Malda City in Malda district, West Bengal, India.
His father, was also a land owner: Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski had, in addition, become involved in politics, serving as a member of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria between 1908 and 1913, during the time when the entire region was still part of the Austrian empire.
His father now entrusted him with management of the family estates at in the hill country south of Ternopil, and at that time still in the Austrian province of Galicia.
Here he ran a vineyard which, at approximately 30 hectares, was the largest in the so-called eastern borderlands of what became, after 1918 the Polish Republic.
By the time the Polish Republic met its end the winery was one of just two such enterprises in the entire country.
There remains a lack of precision over the dating of the massacres grouped together in sources and defined collectively as the Katyn massacre, but the operation is belived to have been approved by the Soviet party politburo in March 1940.
Their names are among the 3,435 included on the so-called dated 25 November 1940 and forwarded to Poland's then deputy Prosecutor General, , by General Andrija Chomicza, a senior member of the Ukraine security service, on 5 May 1994.
National Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 23 January 2020 across all seven provinces to elect the 18 of the 19 retiring members of the National Assembly.
According to Article 86 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, one third of the members of the National Assembly are elected every six years through an electoral college.
Following the full implementation of the house in 2018, one-third of the members chosen by drawing a lottery retired after only two years.
The electoral college consists of members of the provincial assembly and Chairperson/Mayor and Vice Chairperson/Deputy Mayor of the local bodies within the state.
Each provincial assembly members vote has a weight of forty eight whereas each Chairperson/Mayor/Vice Chairperson/Deputy Mayor vote has a weight of eighteen.
The electoral college elects 56 members to the National Assembly and three members, including one woman, are nominated by the president on the recommendation of the Government of Nepal.
Given the new situation, she decides to return to the house and the town where they had lived before the attack.
Everyone talks about the novel, in bars and in social gatherings, in school chats; the book runs out in bookstores and is continually borrowed in libraries.
In Spanish it has been read by more than one million readers, and has been translated into English (Homeland, Pantheon Publishers 2019), German (with 80,000 books sold) and Italian (60,000 books).
In 2017, Vicari starred as the title character in the Khaled Kaissar film Luna, in which she plays a teenager whose father was secretly a Russian agent and whose family is being wiped out before her eyes.
Since 2017, she has portrayed Martha Nielsen, the love interest of Jonas and sister of the missing Mikkel in the Netflix science fiction TV series Dark.
In 2020, she played billionaire's daughter Isi in the romantic comedy Isi & Ossi, one of the first German Netflix movies.
It has a terminal mouth, its jaws extend as far as the rear of the pupil abd are equipped with tow pairs of large, recurved caniform teeth at the front of the jaw.
The dorsal fin has 11 spines and 9 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays.
When fresh they are mainly olivaceous in colour with the edges of the scales picked out in white, there is an oblique elliptic shaped black spot on the gill cover, this has wide yellow margins.
The pupil is surrounded by orange pigment while the rest of iris with 7 dark lines radiating out from the pupil.
The dorsal, anal, and caudal fins are olivaceous marked with white dots on their rays and slanting white lines on their spiny parts.
The females sometimes have a whitish stripe running from the front of snout and widening to the diameter of the pupil runs below the lateral lineto the upper part of the caudal peduncle.
There can be horizontal rows of white spots on the body to the rear of the base of the pectoral fins, and there may be faint orange spots too.
Each of the first three membranes between the anterior spines of the dorsal fin in males has a black spot while there are normally 2 such spots on females, and sometimes a faint third spot.
It was first recorded in the Mediterranean from [[Haifa Bay]] in Israel in 1992 and by 2018 had been recorded as far west as Tunisia and Crete and was considered to have colonised the eastern Mediterraean.
They are known to feed on [[foraminifera]], small [[gastropod]]s and [[crustacean]], including small crabs and moderately large shrimp, indicating that it does not feed exclusively on very prey items.
Located in Beyoğlu district of Istanbul in Turkey, Surp Yerrortutyun Church borders to Sahne sokak (formerly: Tiyatro sokak) in the west, to NNevizade​ sokak (formerly: Ermeni kilisesi sokak) in the north, to Solakzade sokak (formerly: Sol sokak) in the east and to buildings and Tokatlıyan Han on İstiklal Avenue in the south.
The church building was initially constructed in wood by Europeans in early 16th century on the uphill of Galata in Constantinopleto be used by the servants of the diplomatic missions in Pera.
According to a handwritten document bearing the seal of the Ottoman Sultan, the wooden church and its real estate were purchased in 1515 by the Armenian communiity from Greeks in 1515.
The Church of Galata served the community ten years long until it was closed down by the priests and the trustees.
According to a document preserved in the Galata Church, the real estate of the Surp Yerrortutyun Church was extended by purchasing of neighboring grounds through notables of the community initiated by the trustee Krikor Amira Kevorkyan-Çerazyan.
In 1846, a coeducational school building, named Naregyan School, and some other annexes were constructed inside the courtyard of the church.
The architecture and decoration of the Surp Yerrortutyun Church, which is shaped by western forms and has almost no traces of the Armenian architecture, is completely based on symmetry and harmony.
Architect Balyan applied classical style of Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman architecture designing the exterior of the building in Doric order and the interior in Corinthian order.
External decorations are doorposts, rectangular winows with stone frame, metallic black painted doors of the church and the annexes enriched with gold color, marble inscriptions, half-round-arched and oval windows with metallic radial ornaments as well as sharp-profiled moldings between the stories.
A metallic mausoleum in the form of a church belonging to Patriarch Hagopos IV of Jolfa (died 1680) is found north of the church in the courtyard, which was initially situated at the Pangaltı Armenian Cemetery until the cemetery was demolished in the 1930s.
The narthex at the western entrance is divided symmetrically by inline-standing three [[fluting (architecture)|fluted] columns with Corinthian capital, which bear the gallery atop.
Komyshna (, ) is a river in the Rostov Oblast of Russia and the Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine, and a right tributary of the Derkul.
The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 is an Act of the Gibraltar Parliament that incorporates the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement into the law of Gibraltar as part of the UK's exit from the European Union (Brexit) on 31 January 2020.
The Act received Royal Assent two days before the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 received it's Royal Assent after being passed by the UK Parliament.
Louise-Marie Alexandrine Ferdinande d'Eppinghoven (Lison) was born on the 4th January 1894 in Wiesbaden (Germany) and died of cancer on the 3rd of April 1966 in Etterbeek, Belgium.
She was the granddaughter of King Leopold I of Belgium – her parents were Annie Lydia Louise Elizabeth d'Eppinghoven (née Harris) and Arthur Chretien Frederic d'Eppinghoven.
Peter Ritter was a German composer, conductor, chorus master, and cellist (2 July 1763 - 1 August 1846) born and died in Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany).
He played cello in the orchestra of the Mannheim National Theatre beginning in 1786 and became one of its concertmasters in 1801.
Elected in 2012, it was the first General Assembly to reflect the new legislative districts enacted by the previous 97th Illinois General Assembly in 2011, which shifted the map in the Democratic Party's favor.
Notable among these was the Illinois Bill of Rights for the Homeless, which made Illinois the second state to ban discrimination against the homeless.
Also notable was the Firearm Concealed Carry Act (FCCA), which made Illinois the last state in the country to enact concealed carry.
The 1995–96 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama in the 1995-96 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
They finished the season with a record of 19–13, with a conference record of 9–7, which placed them in a tie for second in the SEC Western Division.
Instead, they received an invitation to 1996 NIT, where they defeated Illinois, Missouri, and South Carolina to earn a semifinal berth, where they were defeated by Saint Joseph's, and then Tulane in the third-place game.
The I National Assembly of Venezuela was a meeting of the legislative branch of Venezuelan federal government, comprising the National Assembly of Venezuela.
The II National Assembly of Venezuela was a meeting of the legislative branch of Venezuelan federal government, comprising the National Assembly of Venezuela.
The European leg of the tour will kickoff on June 5, 2020 in Dublin, Ireland and will conclude on July 20, 2020.
The tour is Alicia Keys’ first world concert tour in seven years, with her last world tour being her Set the World on Fire Tour in 2013.
The III National Assembly of Venezuela was a meeting of the legislative branch of Venezuelan federal government, comprising the National Assembly of Venezuela.
The IV National Assembly of Venezuela was a meeting of the legislative branch of Venezuelan federal government, comprising the National Assembly of Venezuela.
Wayne Rovers helped complete the first transfer in NOSL history, on December 2, 2019, with Cole Sarver completing a free transfer from the team to Amish Country United.
Among these was a major overhaul of Illinois' family law statutes, as a result of which no-fault divorce became available in Illinois and heartbalm torts were abolished.
The Illinois Budget Impasse, which caused the state to go more than two years without a budget, began on July 1, 2015 and continued into the 100th General Assembly in 2017.
She spent her career as an East Indiaman, sailing primarily for Taylor, Potter & Co., of Liverpool, for whom she was built.
She also gained a teaching qualification and spent several years as a secondary school teacher in Dublin and Carlow as well as in her own school in Galway.
Nic Aodha has also taught in the Department of Irish Studies in Galway where she now lives and writes in both English and Irish.
Most of her work is Irish language poetry although she has at least one collection of poetry in English and several in both.
The catchment of the reservoir is 8.67 km² large, with a perimeter of 12.12 km and a length of 4320 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
In 2002, the life expectancy of the reservoir (the duration before it is filled with sediment) was estimated at 20 years.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
The catchment of the reservoir is 4 km² large, with a perimeter of 10.45 km (of which 326 metres is occupied by the dam) and a length of 3260 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
She was named after Robert Mills, a South Carolina architect known for designing both the first Washington Monument, located in Baltimore, Maryland, as well as the better known Washington Monument in the nation's capital, Washington, DC.
She conducted her doctoral research at Imperial College London, where she studied RNA biology and its role in human stem cell differentiation.
Her owners sent her on a whale hunting voyage but she was lost in late December at the very outset of her voyage.
The roads in Memphis, Tennessee, include Interstate 40 (I-40), I-55, I-69, and I-240 with interchanges near the city center, and I-269 with interchanges serving the eastern outskirts.
Additionally, I-22, which travels concurrently with U.S. Route 78, also serves the area as a connecting freeway from the Memphis area to Birmingham, Alabama.
Mônica Spada e Sousa (Bauru, September 28, 1960) is an entrepreneur, executive director of Mauricio de Sousa Produções (MSP) and inspiration of her father, Mauricio de Sousa, for the creation of the character Monica, of the Monica and Friends.
She is the second daughter of the couple, who were also parents of Mariângela, Magali and Mauricio Spada, who died in 2016.
In 1963, when she was two and a half years old, her father created the character for Folha de S. Paulo, inspired by some traits of personality and the daughter's appearance: slightly toothy, short, fat and quarrelsome, besides carrying a stuffed rabbit, but of yellow color.
The idea of creating a female character came after a journalist colleague of Mauricio said that the creator was misogynist, because he created only male characters.
Monica would discover herself to be the inspiration of the character at the age of 7 or 8, after a schoolmate told her that she was the character of the comic strips of Folha, which made her curious, and had her doubt confirmed by her father, but her acceptance was quick.
At the age of 18, she started working at the Monica and Friends park store, became interested in sales, and moved to the commercial department some time later, being currently the sales executive director of Mauricio de Sousa Produções.
The Ravens–Titans rivalry (formerly the Ravens–Oilers rivalry) is a professional American football rivalry between the Baltimore Ravens and the Tennessee Titans in the National Football League’s American Football Conference.
The Ravens was an expansion team that was placed in the AFC Central division, which included the Oilers, along with their existing rival teams in Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Pittsburgh.
The Ravens were a replacement franchise for the Baltimore area about thirteen years after the area’s original franchise, the Colts, relocated to Indianapolis prior to the 1984 season.
When the rivalry with the Ravens started, the Oilers were in their final year based in Houston; they would move to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1997 after a 26-year stint as a Houston-based franchise (although in their first season based in Tennessee, they played in Memphis), and to eventually become the Tennessee Titans in 1999.
As divisional rivals in the AFC Central division, the two teams had twelve regular-season meetings (plus one postseason meeting) in the years between the Ravens’ 1996 debut and the conference realignments of 2002.
When the Houston Texans were established in 2002 for the NFL to become a 32-team league, the Central divisions of both the AFC and NFC were split into two northern and southern divisions.
In the process, the Ravens, along with the Pittsburgh Steelers, Cincinnati Bengals, and the Cleveland Browns were placed in the AFC North, while the Titans were placed in the AFC South along with the Texans, Jaguars, and, former AFC East member Colts.
After the formation of the northern and southern divisions, the Ravens-Titans rivalry is only renewed every four years; the last year where consecutive meetings occurred was in the 2002 season.
1520) was a European jurist who criticized the relatively new change in Christian doctrine that had become popular in the 15th century especially among Dominican inquisitors and that espoused a belief in the real supernatural power of witchcraft.
Other critics of Ponzinibio soon followed including Bartolomeo de Spina, who devoted three tracts to refuting Ponzinibio's arguments and calling upon the Inquisition to prosecute Ponzinibio under suspicions of heresy and for the defending of heretics.
According to the archivist Joseph Hansen, a foremost historian of the European witchcraft trials, no information has been found about Ponzinibio's life outside of what can be gathered from his tract.
He was the director the Faculty of Physical education at the Université de Montréal, researched the development ice hockey players, and wrote books and manual for coaches in English and French.
During the 1980s he was an assistant coach for the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team, and coached the Granby Bisons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.
He was also a committee member of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, served as the technical director of the Italian Ice Sports Federation, lectured at sports-related conferences, and acted as a consultant for amateur sports organizations.
He has taught at the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, the Université Laval, and the Université de Montréal where he was director the Faculty of Physical education.
His research included the detection and development of talent, growth and biological maturity and evaluation of the state of physical training.
Larivière was appointed to the Hockey Canada board of directors in July 1976, as one of the two government representatives in his role as head of physical education at the Université de Montréal.
While with Hockey Canada, he undertook missions to France and African French countries to instruct members of the youth and sports ministries.
The Canada men's national ice hockey team did not participate in the Ice Hockey World Championships or in ice hockey at the Olympic Games from 1970 to 1976.
When Canada returned to international play in 1977, Larivière collaborated with Derek Holmes to recruit players for the World Championships and for ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics.
We want to enroll those players who will not make the National Hockey League until hey are 24 or 25 years of age, if ever.
With our alternative these players will compete for Canada in a top level brand of prestigious hockey, all the while getting their education at the college or university level.
He envisioned the program continuing beyond 1980, and cited the need for an elite ice hockey training program staying together for three to four years.
In February 1978, he announced funding plans to create a permanent national team similar to previous efforts by Father Bauer in the 1960s.
The multi-year plan would receive C$200,000 of the needed $900,000 from the Government of Canada to train and school 50 athletes.
In August 1980, Larivière and his Université de Montréal colleague Claude Chapleau proposed to train a group of boys aged 12 to 13 years old, in a multiple-year program.
The aim was to train more complete hockey players using the same scientific research put into effect by the Soviet Union national ice hockey team and the Czechoslovakia men's national ice hockey team during the 1960s.
Chapleau stated that the original research applied by the Europeans was developed by Canadians, but never put into effect here in Canada, and that this endeavour would be the first of its kind in North America.
Larivière was an assistant coach to Dave King on the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team which won the gold medal at the 1982 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, and was an assistant coach to Brian Kilrea on the Canadian team which placed fourth at the 1984 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.
In 1984, Larivière conducted a research project with a transceiver inserted into a hockey helmet to communicate directly with players during games.
He also created the sport school program which began training players at age 12, including on-ice and academic components similar to a university environment.
Larivière was named head coach of the Granby Bisons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for the 1985–86 QMJHL season.
He coached the first 48 games of the season and earned 14 wins, before handing over the team to his assistants.
Future National Hockey League players he coached on the team included, Pierre Turgeon, Marc Bureau, Stéphane Quintal, Alain Côté, Martin Simard and Stéphane Roy.
Larivière later served as an assistant coach with the Saint-Jean Lynx, and as the technical director of the Italian Ice Sports Federation.
Larivière authored books and papers of his research and theories dealing with identifying and developing talent, growth and maturity, and evaluating physical fitness.
Since then, he has served as president of Tennis Québec, lectured at sports-related conferences, and acted as a consultant for sports organizations.
He noted that minor ice hockey coaches in Quebec volunteered for three years on average, which led to a high turnover rate and lack of a consistent coaching philosophy for the players.
Other problems he noted were participation in hockey as decreasing as players grew older, and the lack of year-round training for elite players compared to Europe.
Larivière co-authored a 2002 study which looked at the physical development of female athletes aged 13 to 15, with respect to the sports of tennis, swimming, figure skating and volleyball.
He noted that increasing competition for participants meant that recreational organizations should undertake quality assessments to ensure the best value and growth.
His report was the basis for a strategic development plan implemented from 2013 to 2017, which led to Judo Québec becoming the first provincial organization to earn a sport quality accreditation from Sport Québec.
On January 23, 2013, Larivière was named president of the QMJHL Technical Commission to advise on current league programs, find the best development results for its players, recommend improvements.
Larivière received of the Gordon Juckes Award from the CAHA in 1986, for outstanding contributions to national amateur hockey in Canada.
After the unilateral declaration of independence by Rhodesia, it was no longer possible to import complete vehicles to Rhodesia due to UN sanctions.
In addition, the two domestic assembly plants of BMC and Ford lost access to their export markets, so that production stagnated and both plants had to close in early 1967.
The shareholders of the company, which was renamed Willowvale Mazda Motor Industries, are the state-owned Motec Holdings (58%), Mazda Motor (25%), Itochu (8%) and an employee benefit fund (9%).
In November 2015, it was announced that the company would be renamed Willowvale Motor Industries without changing its ownership structure or business model.
The community is currently served by only one state highway, Kentucky Route 655 (KY 655), a C-shaped route which connects the general area with KY 70 at Windyville.
The Red Hill General Baptist Church, which is presently the only notable landmark in the community besides a local cemetery, held its first worship service in 1862.
The event of the church's 150th anniversary was marked in 2012 by virtue of a homecoming theme in their annual gospel meeting.
The children in the community attended classes at the independently operated Asphalt School before it, along with all other county high schools were merged to create the Edmonson County High School in Brownsville prior to the 1959–60 academic school year.
Code Red was a professional wrestling Impact Plus event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with House of Glory, which aired exclusively on Impact Plus.
On May 1, Impact Wrestling replaced its video streaming service Global Wrestling Network with Impact Plus due to a lawsuit by Global Force Wrestling owner Jeff Jarrett.
Along with the launch of the streaming service, it was announced that the May 5 event Code Red would be the first original monthly special for Impact Plus.
The main event of Code Red was announced on May 1 as an oVe Rules match between Tommy Dreamer and the oVe leader Sami Callihan.
On May 1, it was announced that Eddie Edwards and Alisha Edwards would take on Johnny Impact and Taya Valkyrie in a mixed tag team match at Code Red.
On May 1, a three-way tag team match was made between The Latin American Xchange, Ohio Versus Everything (Dave Crist and Jake Crist) and HOG's The New York Wrecking Krew (Chris Seaton and Smoothe Blackmon) at Code Red.
On May 1, it was announced that an interpromotional match would take place between Moose from Impact Wrestling and Ken Broadway from HOG.
After the supposed match between Rich Swann and Amazing Red for the X Division Championship at Code Red was cancelled due to Red's legitimate retirement, it was announced that Swann would defend the X Division Championship against Ace Austin, Trey, Smiley, Evander James and Mantequilla in a six-way Scramble match at Code Red.
On May 1, a knockouts tag team match was made for Code Red pitting Tessa Blanchard and Violette against Scarlett Bordeaux and Sonya Strong at Code Red.
The opening match of the event was a six-way Scramble match, in which Rich Swann defended the Impact X Division Championship and Mantequilla defended the HOG Crown Jewel Championship against Ace Austin, Evander James, Smiley and Trey.
The match stipulated that if Swann got pinned or submitted then he would lose the X Division Championship and if Mantequilla got pinned or submitted then he would lose his Crown Jewel Championship.
Swann nailed a 450 splash on James for the win to retain the X Division Championship, resulting in Mantequilla retaining the Crown Jewel Championship as he had not been pinned or submitted.
An assisted moonsault by Rascalz led to Wentz pinning Alexander but Page pulled out the referee at the two count and then North delivered an aided spinebuster to Wentz for the win.
Alisha covered Impact for the pinfall after a tornado DDT but John E. Bravo distracted the referee, allowing Valkyrie to hit Alisha with a red X and Impact pinned her for the win.
In the penultimate match, The Latin American Xchange (Santana and Ortiz) defended the World Tag Team Championship against Ohio Versus Everything (Dave Crist and Jake Crist) and The New York Wrecking Krew (Chris Seaton and Smooth Blackmon) in a three-way match.
Santana tore his MCL during the World Tag Team Championship match at Code Red and he took some time off to recover from his injury.
The 2018–19 Liga IV Arad was the 51st season of the Liga IV Alba, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Nasser qualified for the FEI World Cup Finals in 2013, 2014 and 2017, and the FEI World Equestrian Games in 2014.
Most recently, he competed at the Longines FEI World Cup Finals in Paris, and regularly competes on the international Grand Prix circuit.
He took home the $400,000 Longines Grand Prix of New York, the grand finale of the Longines Masters of New York.
He is the first rider to win both the Longines Speed Challenge and the Longines Grand Prix at the same event, and the first to do it with the same horse.
In in February 2019, he won the cup at the Longines FEI World Cup Jumping Wellingston after he finished the race in 38.15 seconds.
7th place - Longines FEI Jumping World Cup™ Langley; 2nd place - Longines Global Champions Tour Valkenswaard CSI 5; 2019 LGCT Hamburg Silver Medalist; 1st place - New York Masters CSI5 Grand Prix; 1st place - Rabat CSIO4 Designated Olympic Qualifier.
The one-way boulevard is approximately long and follows an east-to-west path carrying westbound traffic from East Chestnut Street (Kentucky Route 864, KY 864 to the Southwestern Parkway in west Louisville.
He had played Alghoza with legendary singer Madam Noor Jehan during war between India and Pakistan in1965 in Lahore at Vagha border.
In the final of the casting show, which took place on May 23, 2019 in Düsseldorf's ISS Dome, she was chosen as the winner.
Legislative Assembly elections will be held in Uttar Pradesh in month of April-May 2022 to elect 403 members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
Carex erebus (common name - Hookers bastard grass) is a member of the sedge family and is found on the Antarctic Islands of Australia and New Zealand.
The Tomatas are an extinct indigenous people that inhabited the valley of Tarija at the time of the Spanish founding of Tarija in 1574.
Peter Joseph Eschborn (born March 4, 1800 in Mainz; died November 17, 1881 in Coburg) was a German composer, violinist and conductor.
From 1821 to 1827 he was music director at the theater in Düsseldorf and from 1832 to 1834 conductor of the orchestra of the Mannheim National Theatre.
He then worked as music director in Cologne, Stuttgart, Amsterdam and in 1845/1846 was director at Theater Aachen, living his last years in Coburg.
Robert I. Blau (born 1955) is an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim to El Salvador from January 2009 until September 2010.
There was an issue during his tenure about the United States interfering with El Salvador elections which Blau needed to be involved with.
He started music from his secondary school days and gained popularity during his undergraduate studies of History and International Relations at Lagos State University in Lagos, Nigeria.
Oxlade was born in the year 1997 in the Epe area of Lagos where he stayed with his maternal grandmother in Mushin due to the loss of his mum at a tender age.
After secondary school education, he furthered his education and is currently studying History and International Relations at Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
Oxlade music genere is described as African popular music (also known as Afropop or Afro-pop) and AfroFusion with some touch of soul and country music.
In October, 2019, Oxlade performed at the famous The O2 Arena for WizKid's Starboy Fest in London which has popular acts such as Naira Marley, Reekado Banks, Tiwa Savage, Burna Boy and lots more.
The listed buildings consist of three farmhouses, a larger house and its lodge, a stone post that possibly once marked a boundary, and a milepost.
He was ordained a priest of the Order of Saint Augustine on 17 July 1955 and subsequently consecrated as Bishop of Maiduguri, Nigeria on 28 November 1993 by Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan and retired from that role on 28 February 2003.
It is part of the expansion project of Line2 between Vila Prudente and Dutra (Guarulhos), estimated to be opened in mid-2026.
Orfanato station is part of Lot 3 (next to Água Rasa station and its respective ventilation pits), won by builder Mendes Júnior.
Due to the 2014 Brazilian economic crisis, the service order was suspended between 2015 and 2019, and only demolition service of the expropriated areas were made, which began in September 2017.
The long stoppage period caused the areas to cause urban degradation in the surroundings of the future stations, increasing the number of complaint from local residents and raising expectation in the construction.
Some time later, Marchetti projected the implantation of a second unit in the recent-founded borough of Vila Prudente to split up boys and girls.
The construction began in 1896 and, after a long time of stoppage and lack of resources, it was concluded in 1904.
The location of Sister Assunta Marchetti House (old Vila Prudente Orphanage), less than from the proposed station, contributed decisively for the naming.
The adult female has a round or oval shape, a pair of yellow antennae, three pairs of yellow legs and no wings.
The upper surface is yellow and covered by ten ornate, white waxy plates, in two longitudinal rows; the sides of the insect bear a further ten marginal waxy processes, which are smallest at the front and largest at the rear.
Legislative Assembly elections will be held in Uttarakhand in month of March 2022 to elect 70 members of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly.
Aperture Hand Lab is a roomscale virtual reality (VR) video game developed by Cloudhead Games and Valve, and released for Microsoft Windows on June 25, 2019.
It is a tech demo that, as the name suggests, showcases the functions of the hand, knuckle, and finger tracking technology used by the Valve Index.
In late 2014, Cloudhead Games was approached by Valve to join them at their SteamVR reveal summit, and it was at that summit that the staff at Cloudhead Games decided their vision of VR's future was roomscale.
Since the summit, Cloudhead has provided tech demos for every major SteamVR innovation, with Aperture Hand Lab being focused around the Valve Index's finger tracking.
It was originally discovered in the Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel with the sinopia below Lorenzo Monaco's frescoes in 1961 and is now in the nearby Cialli-Seringi Chapel in Santa Trinita in Florence.
The central scene shows the Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine flanked by saints Andrew, Bartholomew (protector of Salimbeni and of the Bartolini in general), Anthony the Great and John the Baptist.
The Swedish results are counted by county only, since the seats are shared on a national basis, rendering eight fewer counting areas than in Riksdag elections.
The Royal and Venerable Brotherhood of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Mafra (), is a public association of faithful of the Catholic Church, canonically established in the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony of Mafra, Portugal.
The brotherhood’s responsibilities include ceremonies, religious functions and playing liturgical pieces in the basilica's six historical pipe organs and the monumental two Mafra carillons.
The first record of the Brotherhood appears in a will dated 14 March 1597, and the oldest document outlines the Statutes agreement of 5 June 1725.
In 1835, after the extinction of religious orders in Portugal and her colonies, the Brotherhood moved to the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony in Mafra, at the invitation of Queen Maria II of Portugal.
This is one of the oldest expressions of piety in Mafra, and originated from the old collegiate church of St. Andrew’s in the 17th century.
It takes place on the second Sunday of Lent, which is also known as Procession of the Encounter, and is composed of two procession routes which join together eventually.
The first procession occurred on the 27th of March 1740, as a religious festivity directly related to the work of the Third Order of Saint Francis of Mafra patron, King John V.
Most of these pieces still have the original vestments acquired by João Pedro Ludovice, son of Johann Friedrich Ludwig, the architect in charge of the Royal Building of Mafra.
The crucifix used in the litter of the stigmatisation of St. Francis in Mount La Verna is attributed to Anton Maria Maragliano, a genoese sculptor of the Baroque period.
It was offered to the Third Order of Mafra by Domenico Massa, the chief carpenter in the installation of the carillons in the towers of the Basilica.
The Brotherhood of Our Lady of Sorrows, created in 1779, in the old collegiate church of St. Andrew’s in Mafra, organized the first procession in 1793.
It takes place on Palm Sunday, the Sunday before Friday of Sorrows celebrating the Feast of the Seven Sorrows of Our Lady.
The procession is composed of seven religious litters corresponding to the seven sorrows of the Mother of Jesus, and an eighth, with the image of Our Lady of Sorrows.
It comprises more than fifty images attributed to the sculptor Joaquim José de Barros Laborão, one of the last masters from the School of Sculpture of Mafra, according to Armindo Ayres de Carvalho.
In 1773, the Third Order of St. Francis commissioned a new image of Our Lady of Solitude, this same image still used on the procession.
This ancient Catholic tradition, and unique to Mafra, is accompanied by the Centurion, a typical figure in the town’s folk art, dressed in original garments dating back to the 18th century.
Legislative Assembly elections will be held in Manipur in month of March 2022 to elect 60 members of the Manipur Legislative Assembly.
Nyrop was born on 18 February 1811 in Riserup on [[Falster]], the son of provost Christopher Ntrop (1752-1831) and his second wife Cathrine Elisabeth Magdalene Heilmann (1765-1842).
In 1833 he was artivled to J. H. Hüttemeier to improve his knowledge of metalwork while at the same time studying under [[Hans Christian Ørsted]] at the College of Advanced Technology.
Agfter that he went abroad to further his study of surgical instruments since such the most of these had until then all imported.
He initially went to [[Berlin]] and [[Vienna]] before arriving in [[Paris]] in 1836 where he became an apprentice to [[Joseph-Frédéric-Benoît Charrière]] and collaborated with leading French surgeons.
He was in 1841 granted status of official instrumentmaker to the [[Royal Danish Academy of Surgery]], and in 1843, after the academy had been merged with the [[University of Copenhagen]]'s Department of Medicine, he was granted status of university instrument maker.
He later went abroad on several occasions, both to update his knowledge of surgical instruments and to become familiar with new areas of the metal industry.
During the [[First Schleswig War]],1848–49, he devoted himself to the development of better [[Prosthesis|artificial lim]]s for the many injured soldiers who returned from the war.
Nyrop married Karen Christine (Kamma) Andersen (5 March 1822 - 10 December 1893), a daughter of manager of Toldbod Vinhus Hans Andersen (1792-1865) and Juliane Marie Berggreen (c. 1780-1841), on 6 July 1839 in the [[Garrison Church, Copenhagen|Garrison Church]] in Copenhagen.
His company, Camillus Nyrops Etablissement, was continued by two of his sons, Johan Ernst Nyrop (1850-1931) and Hans Louis Nyrop (1861-1931).
Legislative Assembly elections will be held in Goa in month of March 2022 to elect 40 members of the Goa Legislative Assembly.
Sousa received permission to dedicate the march to Edward VII during a conversation with the royal family after his command performance concert at Sandringham on December 1, 1901.
This illuminated manuscript was brought to England by George Frederick Hinton, manager of the Sousa Band, and is currently held at the British Museum.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine or Mystic Betrothal of Saint Catherine is a c.1524 oil on canvas painting, now in the city's Galleria Nazionale.
The work was left to the church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Parma in the late 1500s as part of a legacy from Tiberio Dolfini, a writer, physician and theologian linked to Alessandro Farnese, 3rd Duke of Parma.
Art historians have noted that the left-hand putto under Mary's hand is almost a twin copy of that painted by Parmigianino under the north arch of the dome in San Giovanni Evangelista, though it may be a mid 1520s study later used for that putto rather than vice versa.
Antonio Joseph (born in 8 September 1996), is a professional football player for St. Lucia who plays for the St. Lucia national team.
He debuted internationally on 7 September 2019, in the a CONCACAF Nations League match against El Salvador in a 3–0 defeat.
In 16 November 2019, Joseph scored his first goal for St. Lucia against the Dominican Republic in 1–0 victory in the CONCACAF Nations League.
This list applies only to works of public art and monuments on permanent display in an outdoor public space and does not, for example, include artworks in museums.
Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including the Thyreoporan Emausaurus and others not have yet been referred to a specific genus.
The layers assigned to the formation expose a group of sediments that differ from the ones present of the Posidonia Shale and other Toarcian formations of Europe.
Erratic boulders of so-called Grätensandstein (fishbone sandstone) can be dated by their ammonite content as Lower Toarcian Sandstones with concentrations of fish remains and missing ammonites known from gravel pits south of the Grimmen Anticline in Western Pomerania.
The first described deposit consist on several Grey, Plastic Clay from a 300 m railway cutting near the village of Schönenwalde, at 4 km at the north of Grimmen.
Using the Ammonites as a reference, it was established in 1909 that the Grimmen Pits where the regional equivalent of the mostly southern Germany Posidonia Shale.
During the 1950-60 there was recorded a wider distribution of the Grimmen Clay sediments on the surrounding areas, what ned to opening a Klay Pit near Klein Lehmhagen in between 1959–1961.
The liassic strata shows a clear Glacial Deformation, with several layers being deposited as a result of last Glacial period erratics.
Reptile fossils include Ichthyosauria indet., indeterminate Plesiosauria, rhomaleosaurid plesiosaurs, indeterminate Mesoeucrocodylia (probably Goniopholididae), indeterminate Thalattosuchia at least two gravisaurian sauropods and probably a Averostran theropod.
The 2020 SaskTel Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship for Saskatchewan, is currently being held from January 29 to February 2 at the Horizone Credit Union Centre in Melville, Saskatchewan.
Mary Ann Aldham (28 September 1858 – 1940) was an English militant suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) who was imprisoned at least seven times.
She was born in Deptford in Kent in 1858 as Mary Ann Mitchell Wood, the daughter of Mary Ann and Alfred Robert Wood, a Captain; her mother died less than two months after her birth.
On 10 October 1883 Mary Ann Wood married Arthur Robert Aldham (1853-1905), a commercial clerk with the P&O Shipping Line and with him had two daughters: Mary Aldham (1885-1955) and Gertrude Aldham (1887-1909).
After joining the Women's Social and Political Union in about 1908 Aldham was arrested at least seven times: on 14 October 1908 and 19 November 1908 (as Mary Ann Mitchell Oldham); 22 November 1911; 7 March 1912; 19 March 1912; 17 November 1913 and 4 May 1914.
Aldham often used her maiden name of Wood or the assumed name Oldham (presumably because of its similarity to her real surname 'Aldham') when she was arrested.
She was among 223 women arrested in November 1911 for window breaking and was the first defendant to appear at the subsequent trial which was attended by Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst.
Following her two arrests in March 1912 she was sentenced to six months in Holloway Prison during which she went on hunger strike but was not force-fed; she was released early from prison at the end of June 1912.
During her time in Holloway she and her fellow inmates signed The Suffragette Handkerchief which was subsequently embroidered by Janie Terrero.
In November 1913 the 55 year-old Aldham was among a group of four suffragettes who protested at the Old Bailey during the trial of Jane Short (aka Rachel Peace) who had been force-fed while on remand awaiting trial.
Aldham was to be released under the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913, also known as the 'Cat and Mouse Act'; this released dangerously ill hunger striking prisoners until they had regained their health and could be imprisoned again to serve out the rest of their sentence.
When the Summer Exhibition opened at the Royal Academy on 4 May 1914 Aldham attended among the great crowds and attacked the portrait of Henry James by John Singer Sargent by breaking the glass and slashing the canvas three times with a meat cleaver while crying 'Votes for Women'.
On again being imprisoned in Holloway Prison awaiting trial Aldham was again released under the 'Cat and Mouse Act' and sent for treatment in a nursing home.
Her three-bar Hunger Strike Medal and other items from her time as a suffragette were sold by her family at auction in 2015 realising £23,450.
120 hills, 70 fields and 50 water bodies (lakes, rivers, and wetlands) with such word in their name have been registered.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine is a c.1616-1620 oil on canvas painting by Giulio Cesare Procaccini, now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan.
Its early history is unclear, though it may originally have been painted for Scipione Toso, a Milanese nobleman and important art collector.
Dugan Wellness Center, opened in January, 2009, is located on the campus of Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi in Corpus Christi, Texas.
In addition, the center has been the home of the NCAA Division I Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders women's volleyball team since it opened.
Abu'l-Abbas Abdallah I ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab was the second Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from October/November 812 to his death on 25 June 817.
The Crealock 37, also called the Pacific Seacraft 37, is an American sailboat that was designed by British naval architect W. I.
The design was initially commissioned and intended to be built by Clipper Marine in the United States, as the Clipper Marine 37, but the company went out of business before production commenced.
It features a raked stem, a raised canoe transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
However, the most underrated performance factor is seakindliness, as nothing wears out the crew or the gear faster than a quick, pounding motion.
Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria or Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine with St John the Baptist is a c.1504 oil on panel painting by Andrea Previtali, produced during his youthful years in Giovanni Bellini's studio.
Belonging to the sacra conversazione genre, it is now in the sacristy of the church of San Giobbe in Venice, whilst a (probably later) autograph copy of the work is now in the National Gallery, London.
The Cameroon–Nigeria border is 1,975 km (1,227 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Chad in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Chad in Lake Chad, proceeding through the lake via a NW-SE straight line down to the estuary of the Ebedi river.
The border follows this river as it flows to the south-east, before turning south, proceeding overland in this direction via a series of irregular lines and some small rivers (such as the Kalia).
In the vicinity of the parallel 11°30 the border turns to the south-west, turning north-west at the town of Banki, and then south-west through the Mandara Mountains and Atlantika Mountains, occasionally utilising rivers such as the Mayo Tiel and Benue.
At about the parallel of 6°30 the border shifts to the west, using irregular lines and rivers such as the Donga, before continuing in a south-west direction via various overland lines and rivers (such as the Cross and Akwayafe), before entering the Bight of Benin just west of the Bakassi peninsula.
Britain had (via the Royal Niger Company) administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate (Calabar are the surrounding area) since 1884.
In 1900 the administration of these areas was transferred to the British government, with the Northern and Southern (including Lagos and Calabar) protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914.
The Scramble culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
In April–June 1885 Britain and Germany signed a treaty outlining a border in the southern areas of Nigeria and Cameroon utilising the Rio del Rey and the Cross River.
Disagreements as to the location of the rivers mentioned in these treaties led to another treaty on 1 July 1890 modifying the southern section of the boundary, clarified by mutual agreement on 14 April 1893.
A treaty of 15 November 1893 then extended the boundary north into Lake Chad; this section was clarified in further detail on 19 March 1906.
When the First World War broke out in 1914, Britain and France invaded Cameroon and eventually defeated the Germans in 1916. on 22 June 1922 Cameroon became a League of Nations mandate, with the vast majority of the colony going to France, and smaller areas along the Nigerian border (Northern Cameroons and Southern Cameroons, the former split into two sections) in the west to Britain.
A British Order in Council of 26 June 1923 stated that thenceforth the British mandated areas would be considered administratively to form part of Nigeria.
On 2 August that same year Britain finalised the border between Northern and Southern Cameroon, which today forms much of the Taraba State section of the border.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, Britain and France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their African colonies.
In February 1961 a plebiscite was held on the future of Britain's Cameroon mandate, as a result of which Northern Cameroons voted to join Nigeria and Southern Cameroon voted to join Cameroon, thereby fixing the border at its current position.
In 1994 a long-simmering dispute over the ownership of the Bakassi peninsula was forwarded to the International Court of Justice, ruling that the territory belonged to Cameroon in 2002.
Opposition within Bakassi to Cameroonian annexation has led to the Bakassi conflict, which has merged to some degree with the wider Anglophone Crisis crisis in the country, with vocal demands for the separation of the former Southern Cameroons as Ambazonia.
On April 8, 1954 Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 9, a Canadair C-4 North Star four engine commercial propliner on a domestic regular scheduled flight, collided in mid air with a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Harvard Mark II single engine military trainer on a cross-country navigation exercise over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
Both aircraft crashed, a large section of the C-4 North Star fell on a home in the suburbs of Moose Jaw and the Harvard came down on a golf course.
All 35 people in the airliner were killed as was the lone occupant of the trainer and one person on the ground.
Investigators later stated the most likely cause of the accident was the failure of both pilots to see and avoid each other.
While flying westbound at an airspeed of 189 knots and tracking the Green One airway the C-4 North Star crew reported their position over Regina, Saskatchewan at 09:52.
Thomas Thorrat had taken off at 09:57 in a RCAF single engine trainer on a cross country flight, his ninth solo.
After departing RCAF Station Moose Jaw 4.5 miles south of the town, Thorrat set his heading to 022 degrees and began climbing to his target altitude of 9,000 feet at 108 knots.
At 10:02 as the Harvard reached 6,00 feet, it collided with the North Star at a combined speed of 261 knots over the northeastern section of Moose Jaw.
Approximately eight seconds after the collision, the C-4 North Star's forward fuselage fell on a home demolishing it and creating an inferno, killing its single occupant.
One of the Rolls-Royce Merlin engines was found in the back yard of the home set on fire, another came to rest on the towns Main Street.
The Canadian built C-4 North Star, a V-12 engine derivative of the Douglas DC-4, carried manufactures serial number 150 and had its preliminary test flight on June 16, 1949.
It was piloted by Acting Pilot Officer Thomas Andrew Thorrat, 22 years old from Kirkaldy Fife, Scotland, a student pilot with 170 total flying hours logged.
After examining all available evidence, they determined the most likely accident sequence: The Harvard struck the North Star with its propeller and starboard wing near the airliners No.1 engine, rupturing the outboard fuel tank and causing an explosion.
The inboard fuel tank in the airliners left wing then expoloded causing the No.1 engine to detach from its mount while the wing was torn from the aircraft near the root.
The Harvard's engine separated from its airframe and entered the passenger seating area, while the remaining bulk of the trainer sliced off the airliners empennage.
The severely damaged airliner continued westbound briefly, then pitched nose down and entered an almost vertical spiraling descent, as passengers and luggage were expelled from the large opening in the rear of the fuselage.
While ascending the Harvard passed through an airway regularly used by commercial aircraft and the possibility that the bright yellow Harvard was not seen by the Northstar's crew due to a window post in their line of site.
The Green One airway was diverted to the north of the town to keep airliners at a safe distance from the RCAF base.
A new regulation was implemented required aircraft flying in opposite directions maintain separate altitudes and RCAF Station Moose Jaw changed its flight rules concerning flight over Moose Jaw, mandating that operation take place south of the town.
During her adventures, Willa begins to question tradition as she experiences conflict within her Faeran clan and finds an ally and friend in someone she once feared.
Abu Iqal al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim was the fourth Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 838 to his death in February 841.
The Virgin and Child with a Shoot of Olive is a 1512-1513 oil on panel painting by Andrea Previtali, one of 192 paintings donated to the National Gallery, London in 1910 as part of the George Salting collection.
Bridal Veil Falls is a natural waterfall, part of Collins Creek, and located in Cleburne County, Arkansas, outside of Heber Springs.
It is actually two falls in close proximity leading some to refer to one as Bridal Veil Falls, and the other as Cornelius Falls for the first owner of the property, John H. Cornelius, which was the original name for both.
It was acquired by the Young Business Men's club of Heber Springs in the 1980s, and officially made available for public use.
The Heber Springs City Parks and Recreation Department negotiated an agreement in 2012 with the YBMV to improve and maintain the falls and surrounding area for the public.
The Rotary Club of Cleburne County sponsored a community improvement project to create the parking lot, short trail, and viewing platform.
The company provides cloud-based collaborative project planning and road-mapping software, also named airfocus, used for prioritizing and visualizing tasks involved in a project.
Following a pre-seed round from Picea Capital and angel investors, the company raised €1.7 ($1.9 by current exchange rates) in a seed round led by Nauta Capital in November 2019.
By November 2019 the company has gained over 300 global customers, including Johnson & Johnson, Nike, Shell, The Washington Post, and Boston Consulting Group.
The first written mention of the village dates back to 1558 when the village named Loužná is listed in the property of Adam of Sternberg.
No information is known about the establishment of the village, but it is likely to be related to the operation of the Cistercian monastery under Zelena Hora.
On the map of the first military survey from the 1860s the village is captured without the later part of Stankovy.
At that time, the individual houses were situated practically only around a relatively large village square, on which a large cross was drawn, which preceded the local chapel, and a small pond.
It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary Queen and the pilgrimage is celebrated here on the first Sunday after 24 August.
The earliest was probably Anna Smolikova, who immigrated with her new husband Frantisek Duspiva in 1870 to St. Louis, Missouri, finally settling in Fayette County, Illinois.
Behind the village in the direction of Strážovice is a former pasture with a number of protected and endangered plant species: arnica, gentian gentian, early gentian, marsh orchid, two-leaved saxifrage and forkling.
Around 1900 the miller Petr Mareš was sitting on the mill and this surname remained connected with the mill until the 1970s.
The 1987 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
Eleanor Whitton (1879 - 28 March 1956) was an Irish animal rights campaigner, being a founding member of the South County Dublin Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Irish branch of the International League for the Protection of Horses.
As a skilled horse rider, Whitton was one of the founding members of the South County Dublin Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) in 1905, serving as the honorary secretary until 1954.
She lead a campaign against the export of horse for slaughter in 1928 by being an establishing member of the International League for the Protection of Horses (ILPH) in Ireland, and being the honorary director for the rest of her life.
At the end of World War II, Ireland began exporting large numbers of horses for France and Belgium for horse meat, with Whitton sending a large portion of time watching the loading of live animals.
The work of Whitton and these groups came to public attention in 1952 when SPCA, ILPH, Our Dumb Friends' League and the Dublin Animals' Protection Association organised a protest march through central Dublin of 1000 people on 28 March 1952.
Whitton did not live to see the ban on live horse exports from Ireland, but the campaigns resulted in legislation being passed to that effect in 1961, 1963 and 1964.
Her work also secured the support of a number of TDs including Patrick O'Donnell, Alfred Patrick Byrne, William Norton, Patrick Cogan, Henry Morgan Dockrell, Michael Ffrench-O'Carroll, William Davin and taoiseach John A. Costello.
Abu Iqal al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim was the sixth Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 856 to his death on 28 December 863.
Salvator mundi is a 1519 oil on panel painting by Andrea Previtali, now in the National Gallery, London, to which it was left in 1910.
Ziyadat Allah II ibn Muhammad was the seventh Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 28 December 863 to his death on 23 December 864.
Lukas (Jack Kane), a young farmer whose family is killed by savage raiders in the countryside, sets out on an epic quest for revenge, forming an unlikely trio with a majestic dragon and a swashbuckling, sword-fighting mercenary, Darius (Joseph Millson).
Helena Bonham Carter voices Siveth, the ice breathing dragon who was once banished from the kingdom for failing to save the king's life.
Compelled by the young man's cause, she emerges from hiding, using her fantastical powers on the trio's adventurous journey which brings revelations and rewards beyond vengeance.
Diseko was educated at the Lelapa La Jesu Seminary in Lesotho, the College of the Resurrection at Mirfield and the University of the North West, Potchefstroom.
In 2004, as parish priest of the Church of the Resurrection, Ikageng, he became the first Dean of the newly inaugurated Cathedral of the Resurrection.
Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal (10 April 1918 – 21 June 2000), also known as Brother Ezequiel, was a Peruvian politician and prophet.
He was the founder of an Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant (AEMINPU) and their theocratic party known as Agricultural People's Front of Peru (FREPAP).
In the 1950s while in his forties, Ataucusi experienced many issues with his life converted from Roman Catholicism to the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
The Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant ( - AEMINPU) was created by Ataucusi in 1968 and the religion was officially recognized in Peru in 1969.
Ataucusi preached that he was chosen by god to create a new Israel in the Amazon Rainforest as a punishment of the Israeli people for their losing faith.
His followers were required to wear robes modeled from the Old Testament, though Ataucusi never wore them saying that he would only do so when the apocalypse occurred.
In 1995, investigations were opened against Ataucusi surrounding allegations of killing disagreeing followers and supposed links to Shining Path, though none of the accusations were ever confirmed.
He was the party's candidate for president of Peru two times, for 1995 election and 2000 election, though he was never elected for any political office.
He died in Miraflores, Lima due a kidney failure and his followers held a three-day funeral, waiting for his resurrection beside his body decorated with gold jewelry.
As his followers waited for his resurrection and his body began to decompose, Ataucusi's body was placed in a glass coffin.
Ataucusi's son Jonas was chosen as his successor and his party eventually grew within the Peruvian Congress following the 2020 Peruvian parliamentary election.
The Children (Abolition of Defence of Reasonable Punishment) (Wales) Bill () is a piece of legislation introduced to the National Assembly for Wales in March 2019 by Julie Morgan AM and passed on the 28 January 2020.
The bill followed the Scottish Parliament's passage in 2019 of the Children (Equal Protection from Assault) (Scotland) Act, and means people in Wales (as in Scotland) will be banned from smacking their children.
The Bill does not introduce a new offence of assault against a child, instead relying on continued prosecution using existing common law offences against the person.
The deputy social services minister Julie Morgan proposed the new law after years of breaking the Labour whip on the issue.
Under former First Minister Carwyn Jones, Labour had previously opposed a ban on smacking, however his successor Mark Drakeford (a former social worker) has been an advocate of reform.
The Labour Party whipped in favour of the Bill when brought to a final vote, while the Conservative Party allowed a free vote on the legislation.
Supporters of a ban across the UK include the Children's Commissioners for Wales, Scotland, England and Northern Ireland, while opponents have included the Be Reasonable campaign and evangelical Christian groups.
After researching similar reforms in New Zealand, the Welsh Government expects 38 prosecutions over five years, however the CPS has indicated the real number of prosecutions will be lower.
Police figures commented that despite the reform, not all smacking offences reported will be prosecuted, due to the likely use of community resolution orders, cautions, or other warnings by police may be preferred to criminal charges.
Fernando José Pacheco Rivas (born 26 June 1999) is a Peruvian footballer who plays for Brazilian club Fluminense as a winger.
He made his first team debut on 20 August 2016 at the age of just 17, starting in a 1–0 home win against Unión Comercio.
In the mid-19th century the cultivar was present in the park of Highfield House Observatory, home of botanist and astronomer Edward Joseph Lowe (now part of University Park, Nottingham).
David Cecil Tapi Nkwe (1935-2008) was a South African Anglican bishop: he was the Bishop of Matlosane from 1990 to 2006.
Janos Konrad (* 28 September 1945 in Hungary) is a retired Hungarian-Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel during the 1960's.
Konrad played his youth football for FC Basel and advanced to their senior team in the 1963/64 season, but played mainly in their reserve team.
He played his Nationalliga A debut on 13 September 1964 in the home game against Luzern that ended in a 2–2 draw.
Between the years 1963 and 1970 Konrad played a total of 39 games for Basel scoring a total of 10 goals.
18 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, two in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, five in the Cup of the Alps and 14 were friendly games.
He scored five goals in the domestic league, one in the Fairs Cup, one in the Cup of the Alps and the other three were scored during the test games.
Following his time Basel Konrad moved to Vevey Sports who played in the Nationalliga B, second highest tier of Swiss football, for three seasons and then he moved to Biel-Bienne for another season.
The shire was amalgamated with the Municipality of Berry, Municipality of South Shoalhaven, Municipality of Broughton Vale, Municipality of Ulladulla, Municipality of Nowra and Camberwarra Shire to form Shoalhaven Shire on 1 July 1948.
He operated openly as the head of the pro-Fatimid propaganda in Fustat, the capital of Egypt, and played a major role in preparing the quick and relatively bloodless Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969.
This is a list of the complete squads for the 2020 Rugby Europe Championship, an annual rugby union tournament contested by the national rugby teams of Belgium, Spain, Georgia, Portugal, Romania and Russia.
Note – Players in bold have played more matches than shown above but there is no information of Belgium caps pre-2013.
Eleno Salazar Flores (born ), also known as Pantera 6 (English: Panther 6), is a Mexican convicted drug lord and former high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
He helped coordinate cocaine and marijuana shipments heading to Reynosa and Río Bravo before they were smuggled into the U.S. for further distribution.
In 2014, he was arrested by federal forces in Reynosa and imprisoned in a maximum-security facility in the State of Mexico.
In this role, he was responsible for coordinating drug trafficking shipments heading to Reynosa and Río Bravo before they were smuggled into the U.S. for further distribution.
In addition, he was also responsible for supervising human trafficking rings, arms smuggling operations and the flow of drug proceeds back into Mexico.
By working closely with Ramírez Treviño, Salazar Flores was identified as a high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel and began having relevancy.
In the cartel, Salazar Flores was known by his alias Pantera 6 (English: Panther 6), a code name that derived from his association to the cartel faction known Los Pantera (English: The Panthers) or Grupo Pantera (English: Panther Group).
In June 2013, a federal judge in the State of Mexico issued an arrest warrant against him for his organized crime involvement and drug trafficking charges.
On 24 July 2014, Salazar Flores was arrested in Reynosa during a joint operation carried out by the Attorney General's Office (PGR), the Federal Police, the Mexican Navy and Army.
According to the National Security Commission (CNS) () chief Monte Alejandro Rubido García, his arrest was a result of law enforcement intelligence.
Security forces received a tip from an anonymous citizen who told the police of a meeting being held by organized crime members.
On 25 July 2014, several shootouts between the Federal Police and suspected gunmen of the Gulf Cartel broke out in different parts of Reynosa.
The suspects disobeyed the request and fled the scene, which triggered a vehicle persecution; a shootout then broke out between both parties.
This incident also originated from a vehicle persecution, but in this occasion one police officer was killed and two others were wounded.
Though government officials did not give an official statement on these shootouts, there were reports of more shootouts, roadblocks, and presence of armed men around Reynosa on social media.
On 25 April 2017, the Assistant Attorney General's Office for Special Investigations on Organized Crime (SEIDO), Mexico's organized crime investigation agency, confirmed that a judge in Toluca, State of Mexico, sentenced Salazar Flores to 20 years in prison and 500 days of minimum-wage fines, totaling MXN$33,645 (roughly US$1,787 in 2017).
In addition, he was found guilty of participating in cocaine and marijuana trafficking activities from Mexico to the U.S., as well as collecting taxes from independent traffickers who operated in his turf.
General elections were held in the New Hebrides in July and August 1969 to elect fourteen members of the thirty members of the Advisory Council.
The enlarged Council consisted of six 'official' members (the two Resident Commissioners, the British Assistant Commissioner, the French Chancelier, the Superintendent of Public Works and the Treasurer), ten nominated members (three British, three French and four Hebridean) and fourteen elected members, of which three would be British, three French and eight Hebridean.
The six British and French representatives were elected indirectly by the Chamber of Commerce, with the Hebridean members elected by local councils and public meetings in areas where local councils did not exist.
It was stated in the press release that the song will show the celebration of nation because Pakistan is ready to host all the matches of the league for the first time.
Folf singer Arif Lohar, rock singer Ali Azmat, former Awaz singer Haroon Rashid and pop artist Asim Azhar were also happy, excited and proud to be the part of this song, all being cricket fans themselves.
An event held at a hotel in Lahore on 28 January 2020, which was attended by the Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Ehsan Mani and cricketrs, as well as officials of PSL's all six franchises, media and sponsors.
The anthem released simultaneously on multiple platforms, including YouTube and other social media, as well as major television networks across the country before 9:00 PM news bulletin.
Atif Rana, Javed Afridi, Alamgir Khan Tareen, Nadeem Omar, Ali Naqvi and Salman Iqbal; franchise officials of Lahore Qalandars, Peshawar Zalmi, Multan Sultans, Quetta Gladiators, Islamabad United, and Karachi Kings respectively, also praised the anthem and showed their readiness for the league.
On one hand where the anthem shows the spirit by lyrics and music, it was largely criticized on the other hand through social media users due to they were disappointed by it.
Completed in 2015, the 2.2-acre plaza is capable of holding over 3,000 people and has hosted numerous political demonstrations in Atlanta.
The idea of a public greenspace near the Georgia State Capitol dates back to 1910, when a tree-lined boulevard approaching the capitol was proposed.
This proposal, an example of the City Beautiful movement, was made by Atlanta-based architect Haralson Bleckley and would have seen the Gulch capped by a broad civic plaza extending from the Capitol to Terminal Station.
Other proposals made in 1927, 1932, and 1944 called for a square plaza to be built between the Capitol and Atlanta City Hall, but like the previous proposals, these never came to fruition.
Because of the lack of a plaza near the Capitol, most political demonstrations and inaugurations on the Capitol grounds were held near the western entrance of the Capitol on Washington Street, which often caused the road to be closed.
The plaza was approved in the Fall of 2013 by the Georgia Building Authority, with a cost of $4.4 million that was raised through the selling of unneeded government buildings.
With designs by architectural firm Stevens & Wilkinson, work on the plaza began on June 5, 2014 with the demolition of a 60-year-old parking garage just east of the Capitol.
The first major event held at the plaza occurred on January 12, 2015, when Governor Nathan Deal held his inauguration at the newly constructed plaza.
Notable demonstrations that have occurred at the plaza include the March for Our Lives in 2018, a climate strike in September 2019, and the 2020 Georgia March for Life.
In 2018, a Federal lawsuit was filed by organizers of the March for Our Lives in 2018 alleging that the requests process for holding a protest on the grounds was unconstitutional.
The process required any event held after normal business hours on the grounds to be sponsored by a Constitutional officer of the state, which the organizers stated was a violation of their First Amendment rights.
While the organizers were initially unable to receive a sponsorship from any of the Constitutional officers (who at the time, they pointed out, were all Republicans), Governor Nathan Deal officially sponsored the protest.
In 2018, the ACLU of Georgia sent a latter to the Georgia Building Authority (which operates the plaza) urging them to amend their policies regarding permits for holding political rallies and protests at the location.
The plaza houses model reproductions of the Liberty Bell and the Statue of Liberty that were previously held elsewhere on the Capitol grounds.
Surrounding the Liberty Bell is a ring of 13 state flags from the original Thirteen Colonies, as well as the U.S. flag and Liberty Plaza flag.
Boaz Walton Long (1876 Warsaw, Indiana–1962) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to El Salvador (1914-1917), Cuba (1919-1921), Nicaragua (1936-1938) and Ecuador (appointed 1938).
On April 14, 1942, he was promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary April 14, 1942 and served until May 1, 1943.
Long was born to Elisha Van Buren Long, who was appointed chief justice of New Mexico's Territorial Supreme Court in 1885, and Alice Rebecca (Walton) and grew up in Las Vegas, New Mexico.
In 1948, Long became the director of the Museum of New Mexico, School of American Research, and Laboratory of Anthropology, retiring in 1956.
The U.S. Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson, William Jennings Bryan, appointed Long to serve as Chief of the Division of the Latin American Affairs for the U.S. State Department in May 1913.
The shire was amalgamated with the Municipality of Berry, Municipality of South Shoalhaven, Municipality of Broughton Vale, Municipality of Ulladulla, Municipality of Nowra and Clyde Shire to form Shoalhaven Shire on 1 July 1948.
Get Brexit Done was a political slogan frequently used by the UK conservative party in the run up to the 2019 general election.
It reflected the party's pledge to if re-elected facilitate the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union by the end of January the following year.
All this meant that by the time of the election campaign in late 2019 Brexit had dominated British politics for more than three years, remaining a divisive issue and creating a great deal of frustration amongst the general public.
Research conducted by the guardian a week before the election found that the slogan resonated with voters in marginal constituencies Whilst, another poll by opinium from a day or two before the election found the plurality of responders wanted the EU withdrawal agreement to be passed.
Bielefeld began the season with a 1–1 draw at St. Pauli, thanks to a 90th minute Manuel Prietl header rescuing a point for Bielefeld.
They also drew their second game, a 3–3 draw at home to VfL Bochum, before recording their first win of the season with a 3–1 victory at home to Erzgebirge Aue.
Bielefeld picked up 10 points from their next 4 league games before, their unbeaten run was broken with a 1–0 defeat at home to VfB Stuttgart, with a 91st minute Hamadi Al Ghaddioui strike consigning Arminia Bielefeld to their first league defeat of the season.
Following a draw at home to Hamburger SV, They won their next three league games against Dynamo Dresden, Holstein Kiel and 1.
Though a 1–1 draw at home to SV Sandhausen meant Hamburger SV returned to the top of the table, Bielefeld returned to the top of the league with two goals from Fabian Klos and one from Andreas Voglsammer securng a 3–1 win at SV Darmstadt 98.
It had an estimated magnitude in the range 7.8–8.1 and the maximum felt intensity was IX on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale.
It caused widespread damage from at least Bolu in the west to Erzincan in the east and resulted in about 8,000 deaths.
Relative to the Eurasian Plate the Anatolian Plate is being forced westwards by the continuing northward movement of the Arabian Plate.
This 1,500 km long structure extends from the Karlıova Triple Junction in the east to the Sea of Marmara in the west.
The most recent sequence began with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, continuing with major earthquakes in 1942, 1943, 1944, 1949, 1951, 1957, 1966, 1967, 1992 and two in 1999.
Analysis of historical records suggests that the 17 August earthquake was preceded by a number of foreshocks at the western end of the rupture zone.
The mainshock was very large, with an estimated magnitude ranging from 7.8 (based on the size of the area affected by shaking of intensity VI) to 8.0 (based on the interpreted rupture length).
Evidence of a major earthquake at about this time affecting the full 600 km has been found by trenching across the fault at many localities.
The 600 km length is based on the assumption that there was a single large event rather than several smaller events, but that would require a propagating rupture to jump across a major extensional stepover (lateral offset) of 10 km in the fault at Niksar.
Despite evidence from past events, backed up by dynamic rupture modelling, that most earthquakes are unable to jump more than about 5 km, the 2001 Kunlun earthquake shows clear evidence of propagating across a much wider stepover and this has been backed by further numerical modelling that suggests that ruptures can jump 8 km or more in the case of mature fault systems.
The 1668 earthquake is regarded as probably the first in a mainly westward propagating sequence that continued into the 19th century, including events in 1719, 1754, 1766, 1859 and 1893.
The men's marathon event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 31 August 1985.
The 2020 Northwest Territories Men's Curling Championship is currently being held from January 30 – February 2 at the Hay River Curling Club in Hay River.
The winning team will represent the Northwest Territories at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario, Canada's national men's curling championship.
It is located about 135 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3656 is approximately 70,000 light years across.
Other characteristics of the galaxy include the presence of a condensation at the south part of the galaxy connected with the rest of the galaxy with a ring-like feature and is associated with a bright shell.
A prominent feature of the galaxy is a dark lane running across the minor axis of the galaxy, similar to that observed in Centaurus A.
At the centre of the galaxy a warped molecular gas disk extending for about 7 kiloparsecs has been observed in H I imaging, with an estimated mass of .
The nucleus of NGC 3656 has been found to rotate around an axis that is almost perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rest of the galaxy, which is another indication of a galaxy merger.
Two supernovae have been observed in the galaxy, SN 1963K, with a peak apparent magnitude of 15, and SN 1973C, with a peak apparent magnitude of 17.
Five dwarf galaxies with estimated masses between and have been detected in HI imaging around the galaxy and are probably in the process of being accreted by NGC 3656.
Kihawahine's home is Mokuhinia (island in this fresh-water, spring-fed pond whose elevation was only about one meter above sea level) considered as capital of the Hawaiian kingdom, a pond in Lahaina.
While touring the island, in search of a suitable place for surf, Puna is dined by following Kihawahine far from the island.
The goddess cares for her beloved, but nevertheless, he is a prisoner there and knows that if he tries to escape, he will be destroyed by Kihawahine.
For a long time, the goddess does not let Puna go to the ocean, but after many requests from him, she graces one day and lets him go there.
One day with a clever plan, Puna manages to escape the fights and returns to her first wife Haumea in Oahu, and for a long time they lived happily ever after.
One day, while Haumea was out hunting for crabs in the sea, her husband was waiting for her, resting on a banana plantation that was owned by the island's new chief Kou.
The slain is hanged on the tree when his wife - Haumea learns about it, she orders the tree to be open and her body to be there, close to that of Puna.
She is the coordinator of political advocacy for the Citizen Group for the Decriminalization of Therapeutic, Ethical, and Eugenic Abortion, founded in 2009.
As of June 2019, she resides in Buenos Aires, where she is pursuing a master's degree in Human Rights and Democratization for Latin America and the Caribbean at the National University of General San Martín.
The Citizen Group for the Decriminalization of Therapeutic, Ethical, and Eugénic Abortion, for which Gross works, is a multidisciplinary social organization that seeks to raise awareness to change Salvadoran legislation on abortion.
In January 2019, Paris Diderot University awarded her the Simone de Beauvoir Prize for her efforts to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape, human trafficking, when the mother's life is in danger, or when the mother is a minor.
The women's marathon event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 1 September 1985.
He was appointed to become IBM CEO on January 31, 2020, succeeding Ginni Rometty who had served as CEO since 2012.
According to Matvienko, the song was originally written for another music project that he was producing, Ivanushki International, and only at the last moment the idea came to remake it for Lyube.
The regent of the choir of the Sretensky Monastery male monastery Nikon Zhila indicates that this is the most popular song from the choir's repertoire among listeners throughout Russia.
The third verse is an octave higher, intensifying the performance and overwhelming the emotions, and the final phrase, in the best traditions of the genre, leaves room for reflection, and a sort of incompleteness.
Born in Cologne, Hassel studied at the universities of Cologne and Bordeaux and earned a Magister degree in Germanic studies, history and political science.
Hassel worked at Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) from 1990 to 1994, initially as a volunteer and then starting in 1992 as an editor and presenter.
On July 1, 2015, she succeeded Ulrich Deppendorf as director and chief television editor at the ARD capital studio in Berlin, the first woman to hold the position.
In January 2018, while reporting for ARD on the Alliance 90/The Greens party convention, Hassel tweeted in a manner that was criticized as lacking in neutrality.
The men's 1500 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 31 August 1985.
The Persecution and Murder of the European Jews by Nazi Germany, 1933–1945 (, short: VEJ) is a book series that contains documents relating to the Holocaust, edited and translated, with scholarly introductions by historians.
Since 2008, thirteen volumes have been published in German, with three pending; the first two volumes have also been published in English.
The Baining languages are a small language family spoken by the Baining people on the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain in Papua New Guinea.
It was named for John Smith, one of the group who in 1667 purchased the land parcel from Governor Philip Carteret that became Woodbridge.
An old reference states: Transatlantic sailing vessels once docked in Woodbridge, but silt from the clay pits converted Smith Creek into an inconsequential brook.
It has been owned and maintained by the Southend-on-Sea-based registered charity the Vulcan Restoration Trust since 1993 and carries out occasional taxi runs at London Southend Airport.
XL426 was part of the first batch of 24 Avro Vulcans ordered by the Royal Air Force on 25 February 1956.
It was built at Avro's Chadderton and Woodford plants, like other Vulcans, and was the 44th of 88 Vulcan B2s built.
On 10 September 1963, Slessor flew XL426 from CFB Goose Bay in Labrador, Canada to RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire, England in 4 hours and 5 minutes, an unofficial pre-Concorde Atlantic crossing speed record.
XL426 was equipped with the nuclear missile Blue Steel until 1969, when the nuclear deterrent role was passed on to the Royal Navy.
From 1971 to 1981, XL426 mostly served with 617 Squadron but also served briefly with 27 Squadron and 230 Operational Conversion Unit.
XL426 took part in the Falklands Victory Flypast over London on 12 October 1982 (though it hadn't taken part in the war).
XL426 gave dozens of display flights from 1984 to 1986 as part of the Vulcan Historical Flight (later Vulcan Display Flight).
However, as its flying hours were running out before needing a major service, its role as a display flight aircraft was transferred to XH558, which had been retrieved from a fire dump at RAF Marham.
XL426 was put up for sale in the summer of 1986, and after a failed deal with a French consortium, it was eventually sold to businessman Roy Jacobsen of Croydon, who had purchased another Vulcan, XM655, two years prior.
The aircraft was delivered to London Southend Airport on 19 December 1986 (which would be its final flight) and became registered as a civilian aircraft on 7 July 1987 as G-VJET.
It was flown to Southend as a result of a tentative agreement with local maintenance company HeavyLift Aircraft Engineering to maintain the aircraft.
Jacobsen had plans to continue operating both aircraft for display flights and had formed an organisation called the Vulcan Memorial Flight.
However, the funds could not be found, and the aircraft sat dormant at London Southend Airport, while XM655 sat dormant at Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield in Warwickshire.
During this time, XL426 was parked on the main apron and later the grass beside the apron, in full view of the Southend terminal.
In March 1990, local enthusiasts formed the Vulcan Memorial Flight Supporters Club (VMFSC) to support Jacobsen's plans and help maintain the aircraft.
Jacobsen eventually transferred ownership of the aircraft to the VMFSC in July 1993, which reformed as the Vulcan Restoration Trust (VRT) and gained registered charity status in 1996.
The VRT adopted the secondary goal of having XL426 operate as a taxi-only aircraft for display, should the main goal of airworthiness fail.
In 1995, it was moved to its present location, a purpose-built pan by the railway line on the airport's eastern perimeter, where it was more visible.
In August 2005, the VRT suspended the aircraft's taxi runs to carry out more major servicing works, which were termed the 'Return to Power' programme.
The aircraft was repainted in 2013–2014, with the insignia of Squadrons 617 and 50 painted on opposite sides of the tail fin.
The VRT continues to run 'Visit the Vulcan' days , in which visitors can get an up-close look at the aircraft.
Keeping with The Asylum's mainstay theme of mockumentaries, it was released in the same year as the 2019 A-budget monster film .
A team of geologists collaborate with the New Zealand Coast Guard in battling Kaijus that have recently emerged from the depths of the earth.
Yasmine Sardouk (; born 2000–2001) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Lebanese club ÓBerytus and the Lebanon national team.
Johann Leopold Hay (22 April 1735 – 1 June 1794) was Bishop of Hradec Králové from December 11, 1780 until his death.
Sheets left Benetar's band in 1982 to focus on his own musical projects and was involved with several bands over the following decades, primarily ones associated with the glam and arena rock genres.
In the late 1980s, Sheets joined John Ondrasik (who was later known as Five for Fighting) in a glam metal band called John Scott.
According to Ondrasik, John Scott was signed to a major management deal, but the rising popularity of grunge essentially ended the band's chances of success.
The album featured Rudy Sarzo (Quiet Riot, Whitesnake) on bass, Jimmy Crespo (Aerosmith) on guitar, and also included three songs that Ondrasik had co-written.
A right-handed player from La Spezia, Cobolli turned professional in 1995 and reached a career high ranking on the professional tour of 236 in the world.
His best performance on the ATP Tour came when he qualified for the main draw of the 1998 Croatia Open Umag and made the second round, where he took Magnus Norman to three sets.
Dame Alison Mary Roxburgh (née Cameron, 6 September 1934 – 25 January 2020) was a New Zealand women's rights advocate and community leader.
In the 1986 New Year Honours, Roxburgh was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services, and in 1993 she received the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal.
In the 1995 New Year Honours, she was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to women's affairs.
She was appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to women's affairs and the community, in the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours.
Following the restoration of titular honours by the New Zealand government in 2009, Roxburgh accepted redesignation as a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit.
The Battle of Tver took place in two stages on July 21–23, 1609 during the Russo–Polish War between the Russian army and the Polish–Lithuanian army.
After the battle of Torzhok on June 27, pan Aleksander Zborowski retreated to Tver, and large reinforcements were sent to his aid.
Therefore, Skopin-Shuisky began to operate in small horse detachments in order to lure the enemy, but the battles of the advanced detachments did not lead to anything.
Then he led the entire army, constructed as follows: in the center stood the Swedish and German infantry, on the left flank – the French and German cavalry, and on the right – the Russian.
It was planned by blows from the left flank to distract the enemy army, after which a powerful blow from the right flank to cut it off from the city and push it to the Volga.
The French and German cavalry could not stand the Polish attack and soon turned into a stampede, having suffered heavy losses.
However, the infantry in the center withstood the onslaught and was able to repel it, despite the fact that it was raining heavily (which prevented it from using firearms).
And by the Divine Grace, and by the wise providence, and by the courage of the boyar and the voivode Prince Mikhail Vasilievich Skopin, we have beaten the Polish and Lithuanian people, and have taken their camps, and have besieged Tver.
At the time when Dimitri was having so much fun, feasting and rejoicing in the camp near Moscow, the Swedish commander, Count Jacob De la Gardie, with the Russian leader, Mikhail Skopin, approached the city of Tver; they had a great battle with the Poles, and the Swedes again won, who defeated and put the Poles to flight.
At the end of the battle, the Russian commander Skopin threw himself on the neck to Count De la Gardie with tears in his eyes and thanked him that his uncle, the Grand Duke, and the entire Russian state would never be able to adequately thank him and the royal army, let alone pay for this important service.
Skopin-Shuisky took into account the experience of the battle, so he began to form the army from the peasants, which was trained by Christian Zomme.
Ronald Gordon Giovanelli, DSc, FAA (/dʒoʊvɑ’nɛli/; 30 April 1915 — 27 January 1984) was an Australian solar researcher, astronomer and physicist, who contributed to the fields of astrophysics, solar physics, radiative transfer, and astronomical optics.
Giovanelli was the recipient of the 1949 Edgeworth David Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales for the discipline of astrophysics, which recognises distinguished contributions by scientists under the age of 35 years old in their respective fields.
He was also elected into the Fellowship of the Australian Academy of Science in 1962 for his contributions in the field of physics.
Giovanelli served as Chief of the Physics Division of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) from 1958–1976, during which he also became Chairman of the Australian National Committee from 1962–1965, President of the Astronomical Society of Australia from 1968–1971, and President of Commission 12 (Solar Radiation) of the International Astronomical Union from 1973–1976.
George Henry would go on to marry Lucy Ellen Arkey and have eight children, with Irwin Wilfred, Ronald's father, being born on 7 August 1887.
Irwin Wilfred earned respect and recognition as a teacher, and started serving as a headmaster at various schools in the country.
With his father becoming a headmaster, Ronald attended a variety of schools in the towns of Milton, Trundle, and Forbes in New South Wales during his early years.
Upon turning 12 years old, he moved from the country to Sydney to board privately while attending Fort Street Boys' High School.
After finishing his studies in Fort Street Boys' High School, he decided to attend The University of Sydney, where he studied a Bachelor of Science, and subsequently graduated with First Class Honours in Mathematics and Physics in 1937.
While he was completing his master's degree, Giovanelli was also appointed as a research fellow at the Commonwealth Solar Observatory (now known as Mount Stromlo Observatory) at Mount Stromlo, Canberra from 1937–1939.
Giovanelli and eight other scientists were recruited by the CSIR as research scholars to develop the NSL, primarily tasked with being able to establish national standards of measurement.
The nine scientists were to work at the British National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, South West London under the supervision of George Henry Briggs, who was Officer-in-Charge of the Physics division of the NSL during that time.
During his time in the British National Physical Laboratory, he attended scientific symposiums in The Royal Institution in London, as well as visiting The University of Cambridge, where he was able to meet Sir Arthur Eddington OM FRS due to the earlier work he conducted during his time in the Commonwealth Solar Observatory.
Giovanelli returned to Sydney in 1941 via Canada and the United States, where he visited the National Research Council of Canada in Ottawa, and the National Bureau of Standards (now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology) in Washington, D.C.
The occurrence of World War II meant that the NSL's tasks were diverted from creating measurement standards towards more urgent war-time national defence projects.
The National Standards Laboratory was then declared as a full division in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1945.
As Senior Principal Research Scientist and Leader of the Light division of the CSIRO, Giovanelli contributed greatly to Australian Standards in the fields of optics, photometry, and colorimetry.
One of Giovanelli's projects during World War II was the creation and development of special goggles for anti-aircraft spotters, with the purpose of preventing eye damage of spotters who had to observe aircraft coming from the direction of the sun in tropic environments.
He was one of many Australian scientists responsible for the production of high-grade optical glass during this time, as well as the measurement of their refractive indices and homogeneity which resulted in Australia's war requirements being met, and enabling the establishment of optical industries during the post-war period.
He worked as a finance and economy reporter for various mainstream newspapers until 2016, when he was jailed following the coup attempt in Turkey as part of Turkish government's media purge.
In 2016, he wrote for Al-Monitor, where his latest column focused on Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's increasing influence on Turkish media.
In the wake of the attempted coup on 15 July 2016, Şanlı was detained and on 29 July 2016, he was jailed pending trial on charges of being a member of an armed terrorist organization.
On 9 March 2018, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe urged Turkey to release 25 media workers, of which Şanlı was part of.
Magnesium compounds such as MgX, where X can be one of the elements Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb, are said to have an antifluorite structure because the locations of the anions and cations arereversed relative to fluorite; the anions occupy the FCC regular sites whereas the cations occupy the tetrahedral interstitial sites.
Magnesium silicide, MgSi, has a lattice parameter of 6.338 Å with magnesium cations occupying the tetrahedral interstitial sites, in which each silicone anion is surrounded by eight magnesium cations and each magnesium cation is surrounded by four silicide anions in a tetrahedral fashion.
Amal Salha (; born 2000–2001) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Lebanese club Safa and the Lebanon national team.
The Lac Archambault is a freshwater body crossed from north to south by the Sautauriski River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the regional county municipality (MRC) La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The watershed of Lake Archambault is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which connects the cities of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of Lake Archambault is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late December to early March.
It is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the northwest) of Lac Nouvel and an unidentified stream (coming from the north).
From the mouth of Lake Archambault, the current descends on generally southward following the course of the Sautauriski River; then on generally towards the south along the current of the Jacques-Cartier River to the northeast bank of the Saint Lawrence river.
The toponymic designation of this lake was assigned in 1931 by the Commission de géographie du Québec as part of the systematic allocation of several bodies of water in Parc des Laurentides, which was partly replaced by the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
This systematic allocation process was intended to recall the memories of soldiers from the Royal 22e Régiment who participated in the First World War.
Enlisted in his hometown, in March 1917, in the 245th Battalion, he was transferred to the 22nd Battalion, which became the Royal 22e Régiment.
The facility has its origins in the Carlisle Union Workhouse which was designed by Henry Lockwood and William Mawson and was completed in 1863.
It became a military hospital at Easter 1917 during both the First World War and then served as a military hospital again during the Second World War.
It was subsequently converted to become St Martin's College and evolved to become the Carlisle campus of the University of Cumbria.
Renyer Luan de Oliveira Damasceno (born 12 July 2003), simply known as Renyer, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Santos as a forward.
Born in Rio de Janeiro, Renyer represented Fluminense and Flamengo's futsal teams before joining Santos' youth setup in 2013, aged ten.
On 29 January 2020, Renyer was inscribed in the year's Campeonato Paulista, and was called up to the main squad for a match against Inter de Limeira by new manager Jesualdo Ferreira.
He made his first team debut on the following day, coming on as a second-half substitute for Tailson in the 2–0 home win; aged 16 years and 206 days, he became the fifth youngest ever debutant in the club's history.
After representing Brazil under-15s in 2018, Renyer was called up to the under-17s in March 2019, for the year's Montaigu Tournament.
Aya Jamal Eddine (; born 1997–1998) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Lebanese club Safa and the Lebanon national team.
Giovanni Nerbini (born 2 June 1954) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who became Bishop of Prato in 2019.
He then entered the seminary of the Diocese of Fiesole and studied philosophy and theology at the Theological Faculty of Central Italy.
He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Fiesole by Bishop Luciano Giovannetti on 22 April 1995 and in that diocese filled a variety of pastoral and administrative assignments.
He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Giuseppe Betori, Archbishop of Florence, on 30 June and was installed in Prato on 7 September.
In December 2019, Nerbini notified civil authorities of charges of sexual abuse of two brothers—one less than 14 years old—on the part nine priests and brothers of the Disciples of the Annunciation, an order founded in Prato in 2010 and suppressed by the Vatican's Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life on 24 December 2019.
His predecessor, Bishop Franco Agostinelli, had only notified Vatican authorities of the allegations and Italian law does not require bishops to notify the police.
Aya Al Jurdi (; born 1998–1999) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Lebanese club SAS and the Lebanon national team.
Neil McNeil (30 December 1855 – 8 May 1927) was a prominent Australian businessman who was significant in the development of railways across Australia along with Western Australia's timber industry.
McNeil was born in the Scottish town of Dingwall as the second son of Neil MacNeil (1827–1915), a railway contractor, and Elizabeth (née Urquhart).
He then joined his father's business, soon becoming superintendent, before becoming a contractor in his own right and constructing railways in South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania, along with the metropolitan water supply scheme in Hobart.
The Jarrahdale–Bunbury railway was proposed in 1888, and in 1893 Neil McNeil & Co constructed the Jarrahdale Junction to Pinjarra, then Pinjarra to Picton Junction lines.
Other business interests included mines, orchards in Mount Barker and the Blackwood River area which exported fruit, and horse breeding for carriages.
Théo Klein (25 June 1920 – 28 January 2020) was a French lawyer who notably presided over the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France from 1983 to 1989.
Klein joined the Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs israélites de France shortly before the Second World War, and then continued practicing with them in Vichy after the war.
From 1942 to 1944, he was one of the leaders of the Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe, helping produce false documents for Jewish people, and rescuing Jewish children and sending them to Switzerland.
Théo Klein became a lawyer with the Court of Appeal of Paris in 1945 and was admitted to the Israel Bar Association in 1970 as a member of the International Court of Arbitration.
From 1945 to 1950, he served as President of the Union des étudiants juifs de France, of which he was a co-founder.
From 1970 to 1973, Klein was Vice-President of the Conseil représentatif des institutions juives de France (CRIF), and was president from 1983 to 1989.
In 2012, Klein broke his ties with CRIF in a letter to then-President Richard Prasquier, criticizing his response to the Muhammad al-Durrah incident.
In the 1980s, along with Jacques Chirac, Jack Lang, and Claude-Gérard Marcus, Klein was a key figure in the opening of the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme.
After deleting all posts off her Instagram account, on 21 January 2020 Jurčević broke the silence on the platform and announced that she had signed a contract with Warner Music, marking the beginning of her international career under the stage name La Lana.
In 2015, Chase would stray away from Go-Karts, driving a Mazda MX-5 Miata in the NASA Eastern States Championships for one race, finishing 12th.
The season started out well for Chase finishing on podium at the Circuit of the Americas, before finishing 5th on the same track a day later.
Chase would return to the Performance Motorsports Group for 10 races, getting a podium in 4 races, getting 2nd place in both races at the Circuit of the Americas.
He would also make his debut in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship at Circuit of the Americas, driving a Porsche for The Motorsports Group alongside driver Harry Gottsacker.
The pair would finish 29th, a lap behind the leaders.In 2018, Chase would join TruSpeed AutoSport in two different Pirelli World Challenge series, winning 6 races between the two and coming home with a championship.
The next year Chase would enter the Pirelli GT4 American East this time with RENNtech Motorsports, where he raced only two races at Circuit of the Americas, where he finished 2nd both times.
He also entered the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship driving for Starworks Motorsport in 6 races and AIM Vasser Sullivan for 1 race.
During the season, Chase would enter his first 24 Hours at Daytona event, teaming up with drivers Ryan Dalziel, Ezequiel Perez Companc, and Christopher Haase towards a 13th-place finish in their class.
However, at Watkins Glen Mike Skeen joined the duo for a single race, helping them towards a finish of 29th overall.
At Road Atlanta, Chase joined AIM Vasser Sullivan for a single race, teaming up with drivers Jack Hawksworth and Richard Heistand towards an overall finish of 28th.
Chase would stay with AIM Vasser Sullivan, racing in the 2020 24 Hours of Daytona alongside Hawksworth, Michael de Quesada, and Kyle Busch.
Celine Al Haddad (; born 2001–2002) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Lebanese club SAS and the Lebanon national team.
She is also also a member of the faculty in the Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) Graduate Programme, an interdisciplinary program with ties to all five Schools of the University, but administratively part of the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences.
Lára was the academic director of the ENR Programme in 2019, and is the first female professor in the faculty of Business Administration.
In 1990, she graduated with a degree from the Preliminary Studies Department of the Co-operative University of Iceland (Samvinnuháskólinn á Bifröst), now Bifröst University.
In 2007, Lára completed an MBA in Global Management from the Thunderbird School of Global Management, now part of Arizona State University.
Lára was an assistant professor in Environment and Natural Resources, 2014 to 2017, an associate professor from 2017 to 2018, and professor since 2018.
Lára's research involves, in the broadest sense, corporate sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR), in particular focusing on the role and responsibility of financial institution, such as insurance companies, responsible investments, environmental and climate change issues as well as Arctic affairs.
The research builds on the figures from 80 directors and specialists from 16 insurance companies, working in the Åland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.
The research revealed considerable differences between case groups, e.g., insurance companies in island communities, versus those in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, as to measures and lack of measures, positions on environmental affairs, and factors enabling or hindering the companies from coming to grips with environmental affairs.
Lára participate in a collaborative project on Arctic studies, the Fulbright Arctic Initiative (FAI), from 2018 to 2019, the Fulbright Institute's flagship for Arctic research.
T This involved an 18-month project, with the participation of 16 scholars and scientists from the Arctic Council states, under supervision of two lead scholars.
For example, she has been on the Board of Directors of the Institute of Business Administration, chaired the Sustainability and Environment Committee, directed the School of Social Sciences Expert Panel for evaluating grant applications and served as a board member of the University of Iceland Research Fund, allocating grants from University of Iceland's Research Fund.
From 2011 to 2019 she was on the Board of Directors of the Employees' Pension Fund of the Agricultural Bank of Iceland (LSBÍ), now Arion banki.
In the financial sector as well as academia, Lára has given many talks, held courses, and published articles on business, wellbeing at work, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, environmental and climate change, the Paris Agreement, sustainability, and Arctic affairs.
She has also served on the selection committee of the City of Reykjavik and Festa, a centre for social corporate responsibility, that decides Climate Award recipients.
John Alexander McKesson III (1922 – May 21, 2002) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Gabon (1970-1975).
McKesson was also the Associate Editor of Arts d'Afrique Noire and an adjunct Professor of politics at the Institute of French Studies ay New York University.
After serving four years in the navy during World War II and working for a short time at Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio, he joined the Foreign Service in 1947.
In the early part of the twentieth century, the main express passenger services of the NER were mostly being hauled by 4-4-0 locomotives.
The newest of these were Class R, thirty of which were built between 1899 and 1901; they were supplemented by the five 4-6-0 locomotives of Class S1 built in 1900–01.
The southern partner of the NER in the East Coast route was the Great Northern Railway, which since 1898 had built a number of 4-4-2 locomotives (GNR Class C1) which proved capable of hauling the heaviest expresses of the period; and so Worsdell decided upon the same wheel arrangement for a new class for the NER.
The first ten, built at Gateshead in 1903–04, were assigned Class V; the second ten, built at Darlington in 1910 had some detail differences and were assigned Class V/09 (or V1 according to some sources), the /09 suffix referring to the year that the design was prepared.
All twenty passed to the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at the 1923 Grouping, becoming LNER Class C6, and they retained their numbers on the LNER.
The locomotives were built to haul express passenger trains on the East Coast Main Line between and , with a change of locomotives at .
By the end of 1920, most of the class were allocated to the two main Newcastle-area depots, ten at Gateshead and eight at Heaton; but the remaining two were at York.
By Grouping, three had been reallocated to Tweedmouth, and York had gained a further two, leaving seven at Gateshead and six at Heaton.
The York engines were mainly used between York and Newcastle; those at Tweedmouth worked between Berwick and Newcastle; but the Gateshead and Heaton engines could be used between Newcastle and York, Newcastle and Leeds, or between Newcastle and Edinburgh.
532 in January 1943; later that year, the nineteen surviving locomotives were allotted new numbers 2930–48, but by the time the scheme was published, no.
The actual renumbering did not commence until 1946, by which time several more had been withdrawn, and only seven were ultimately renumbered.
2933 and 2937, remained in service at nationalisation, but both were withdrawn in March 1948 before the British Railways renumbering was prepared.
Nicole Aish (maiden name Jefferson, born March 8, 1976) is a long distance runner who is a U.S. National Championship Marathon winner and a bronze medalist at the 2003 Pan American Games in the 5,000 metres.
Aish set multiple school records on her way to becoming the national champion at the 1998 and 1999 NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 3,000 metres.
She finished her college career also as the one mile national champion in the 1999 NCAA Division II Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships.
She finished with a time of 2:40.21, which happened to be the slowest winning time, likely due to the heat—the temperature at the starting line was more than 70 degrees F. Although her hamstrings cramped and she walked briefly, Aish won with a comfortable lead.
She still competes in shorter distance races, such as the FireKraker 5k for the 4th of July in her hometown in Colorado.
Aish is married to Michael Aish, a long distance runner who competed for the 2000 and 2004 New Zealand Olympic Team.
No real division-size unit named 63rd Infantry Division was ever deployed in combat, but the name was given to a far smaller military unit.
Tom Insko is an American businessman and academic administrator who has served as the 12th president of Eastern Oregon University since July 1, 2015.
Insko was raised on a farm in Eastern Oregon near La Grande, and earned a bachelor's degree in Mathematics and Business Economics from Eastern Oregon University.
In his 20 years at Boise Cascade, Insko worked as an administrative analyst, plant manager, production manager, senior financing manager, region manager and area manager.
The 33rd Guards Rifle Division was formed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in May, 1942, based on the 2nd formation of the 3rd Airborne Corps, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.
It was the second of a series of ten Guards rifle divisions formed from airborne corps during the spring and summer of 1942.
It was briefly assigned to the 47th Army in the North Caucasus Front but was soon moved to the Volga Military District and saw its first action as part of 62nd Army in the fighting on the approaches to Stalingrad.
It was withdrawn east of the Volga in September, but returned to the front with the 2nd Guards Army in December, and it remained in this Army until early 1945.
After helping to defeat Army Group Don's attempt to relieve the trapped 6th Army at Stalingrad the 33rd Guards joined in the pursuit across the southern Caucasus steppe until reaching the Mius River in early 1943.
Through the rest of that year it fought through the southern sector of eastern Ukraine as part of Southern Front (from October 20, 4th Ukrainian Front) and in the spring of 1944 assisted in the liberation of the Crimea, earning a battle honor in the process.
The Crimea was a strategic dead-end, so 2nd Guards Army was moved north to take part in the summer offensive through the Baltic states and to the border with Germany as part of 1st Baltic Front.
During the offensive into East Prussia the division and its 13th Guards Rifle Corps was reassigned to 39th and the 43rd Armies before returning to 2nd Guards Army in April.
The 3rd Airborne Corps had been formed for the second time in October, 1941 in the North Caucasus Military District and had stayed there in reserve until it was converted to the 33rd Guards on May 30, 1942.
Along with the 32nd Guards Rifle Division it was immediately assigned to 47th Army in North Caucasus Front, but by July 1 the 33rd had been moved to the 7th Reserve Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command.
By July 12 the situation facing the Soviet armies in the Caucasus region was becoming increasingly grim under the impact of the German Case Blue.
German 6th Army was ordered to continue its eastward advance as soon as possible after July 17, but this was delayed by heavy rains; it was not until the 20th that LI Army Corps' lead divisions were able to engage and defeat the forward elements of 62nd Army on the Tsutskan River.
By late on the next day five of the Army's divisions were deployed uniformly south to north across the Great Bend of the Don from Surovikino on the Chir River to Kletskaya on the Don.
On July 22 the XIV Panzer Corps and VIII Army Corps caught up and by the evening Kolpakchi reported that his divisions were engaging German tanks and infantry all along the line.
The 3rd and 60th Motorized and 16th Panzer Divisions advanced rapidly the next day, tearing through 62nd Army's forward security belt and advancing 24-40km, about halfway to the crossing points over the Don at Trekhostrovskaya and Kalach.
By this time the 6th Army commander, Army Gen. F. Paulus, was planning to encircle 62nd Army west of the Don with his XIV Panzer and VIII Corps as a preliminary to an advance on Stalingrad.
His two motorized divisions sliced through the 192nd Rifle Division on the Army's left wing and moved more than 50km southeast to within 10km of Kalach.
16th Panzer and the 113rd Infantry Division penetrated the center of the line and forced Kolpakchi's forces back another 15km towards the Don; 33rd Guards reported it was in battle with a group of 150 tanks.
By the end of the day the division was loosely encircled on the high ground in the Maiorovskii region along with portions of the 192nd and 184th Rifle Divisions plus the 40th Tank Brigade and 644th Tank Battalion.
At this critical moment XIV Panzer Corps had to slow its advance due to acute fuel shortages and stiff resistance north of Kalach.
Kolpakchi began organizing counterattacks by most of the 13th Tank Corps to break through 16th Panzer while Zhuravlyov, who was out of communication with the rear, ordered his group to break out northward toward Kletskaya.
VIII Corps' 113rd and 100th Jäger Divisions, supported by most of 16th Panzer's tanks, had to simultaneously contain two Soviet bridgeheads south of the Don, defeat and destroy Group Zhuravlyov, and fend off attempts to relieve the pocket.
Zhuravlyov's force remained hard pressed and late on July 27 Kolpakchi reported:By nightfall the tanks of 13th Tank Corps had driven a deep wedge through the forward defenses of 16th Panzer, despite being reduced to a strength of about 40 vehicles.
At 1500 hours on July 28 the 13th Tanks linked up with 40th Tank Brigade and units of the 192nd and 184th Divisions.
In desperation, Paulus ordered elements of VIII Corps to move southward both to block any attempt by Group Zhuravlyov to withdraw to the east and to relieve elements of 16th Panzer which were now encircled.
On July 29 Zhuravlyov ordered a breakout to the northeast to link up with 22nd Tank Corps which was reported to be advancing to the rescue.
Burdened with 500 wounded and running out of fuel and ammunition, the Group followed the remnants of 13th Tanks in a two-day running battle, finally reaching 4th Tank Army's lines near Oskinskii and Verkhne-Golubaya late on July 31.
As of July 30 the 62nd Army reported that 33rd Guards had 5,613 men on its strength, which would suggest that only part of it had been in the pocket.
Attacking southward on August 7 from the Maiorovskii region, 30km northwest of Kalach, multiple battlegroups of 16th Panzer smashed through the defenses of 33rd Guards and 131st Rifle Divisions and reached the northern outskirts of the town by nightfall.
The remaining units in the bridgehead fared no better from the tank and infantry onslaught and shortly after dark the 24th Panzer Division linked up with the 16th to complete its encirclement.
33rd Guards took over a defensive sector from units of the 181st Division along a line from Hill 189.9 to Hill 191.2 to Berezovyi.
The next day the two panzer divisions began pressing the eastern face of the pocket back towards the west while divisions of the LI, XI Army and XXIV Panzer Corps drove in other sectors of the perimeter.
On August 9 the 33rd Guards and 181st were located in the Plesistovskii-Dobrinka region and had been ordered to fight their way to Kalach.
By 0400 hours the next morning they had reached to within 22-25km northwest of this objective, but on August 11 the Army stated it had lost communications with four encircled divisions including 33rd Guards.
6th Army announced the completion of the battle the following day, along with the elimination of eight rifle divisions; Soviet documents indicate that roughly half of the encircled troops managed to escape east across the Don but as of August 20 this included just 48 men of the 91st Guards Regiment.
On August 15 Colonel Afanasyev was appointed to command of the 2nd formation of the 5th Airborne Corps and was replaced by Col. Aleksandr Ivanovich Utvenko.
When 6th Army began its dash for the Volga on August 21 the division was thrown in to help man defenses north of the corridor east of the Rossoshka River.
Novikov had been made a Hero of the Soviet Union in October, 1943 for his leadership of the 1031st Rifle Regiment of the 280th Rifle Division in the crossing of the Dniepr River in September of that year.
On May 17 the 33rd Guards was decorated with the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Degree, for its part in battle for Königsberg.
The 2011–12 Ekstraklasa season was Lechia's 67th since their creation, and was their 3rd continuous season in the top league of Polish football.
The discography of American rapper and songwriter Jarren Benton consists of four studio albums, one collaboration album, three mixtapes, one extended play and 44 singles (including 25 singles as a featured artist).
She has worked with some significant names in science fiction, fantasy and horror, her genre specialties for the past twelve years or more.
She has worked with Dominik Parisien and together they created a series of anthologies which have won Shirley Jackson Awards as well as the World and British Fantasy Award.
The Bras du Nord is a tributary of the Valin River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Mont-Valin and in the municipality of Saint-David-de-Falardeau, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
A secondary forest road serves the southwest bank of the Bras du Nord valley and the lakes upstream; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the North Arm is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
This source is located east of the Baie de la Brûlée du Lac La Mothe, southeast of the dam at the mouth of Onatchiway Lake, to the North-East of the dam at the mouth of lac La Mothe, in the North-East of the mouth of Bras du Nord, West of Moncouche Lake (Mont-Valin) and North of Saguenay River.
The mouth of the Bras du Nord spills onto the west bank of the Valin River at the foot of the Chute à Banc d'oeuvre.
From the mouth of the Bras du Nord, the current follows the course of the Valin River, then the course of the Saguenay river up to Tadoussac where it merges with the St. Lawrence river.
The name of this old toponym evokes the career of the painter Antoine-Sébastien Falardeau (Cap-Santé, August 13, 1822 - Florence, Italy, July 14, 1889); Falardeau had a career mainly in Italy, his second homeland.
His training as a painter is little known; he took painting lessons and was apprenticed as a sign painter with Robert Clow Todd in 1841 in Quebec.
It is possible that the Italian painter G. Fassio, who had been staying in this city since 1835, oriented him towards Italy and taught him the basics of Italian.
After difficult years, his reputation was established: Charles III, Duke of Parma, appointed him knight of the order of Saint Louis, January 17, 1852.
He married Caterina Manucci-Benincasa, daughter of the Marquis Francesco Mannucci-Benincasa Capponi, in 1861, with whom he had at least three children.
The Canadian government commissioned him in 1882 to paint a portrait of Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, a former premier of the province of Quebec.
Rhea May Taleb (; born 2001–2002) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lebanese club Safa and the Lebanon national team.
At the 8th Magritte Awards, it received two nominations in the categories of Best First Feature Film and Most Promising Actress for Adriana Da Fonseca.
Rana Al Mokdad (; born 1999–1990) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lebanese club SAS and the Lebanon national team.
Raised in Yonkers, Sayegh was an educator with Yonkers Public Schools from 1973 until 2008, and worked as a school superintendent in 2010 and 2011.
In 2018, Sayegh announced he would run for the Assembly seat vacated by Shelley Mayer, who had been elected to the State Senate in a special election.
In June 2019, following the 2019 outbreak of measles in New York, a bill to eliminate religious and philosophical exemptions for vaccinations became deadlocked in the Assembly Health Committee, 13–13.
That October, Sayegh introduced a bill to establish a special driver's license for people with autism, in order to prevent potentially dangerous misunderstandings during traffic stops or other interactions with law enforcement.
Some advocates voiced concerns over the bill, given that some individuals on the autism spectrum may not want to reveal their status to employers.
After developing an interest in acting, Micheli enrolled at the Institut Supérieur des Arts in Brussels and graduated from there in 2007.
The film was praised for its exploration of sexuality and earned Micheli a Magritte Award nomination in the category of Best First Feature Film.
The film was released to critical acclaim and received seven nominations at the 10th Magritte Awards, including Best Film and Best Director for Micheli.
Stuart Petre Brodie Mais (4 July 1885 – 21 April 1975), known publicly as S. P. B. Mais, was a British author, journalist and broadcaster.
He was an author of travel books and guides, and had an informal style that made him popular with the general public.
Petre Mais, as he was known within his family, was the son of a Bristol rector, John Brodie Mais, and his wife Hannah Horden.
After graduating in English Literature at Christ Church, Oxford, and then teaching at Rossall, Sherborne and Tonbridge, and Royal Air Force College Cranwell, he later worked for National Press at Fleet Street.
A prolific author of over 200 books, he also broadcast for numerous wireless programmes for the BBC between the 1920s and 1940s.
Mais was an ardent campaigner for the English countryside and traditions, leading walks for people who came for a day trip by train from big cities, often from London.
Aya El Boukhary (; born 2002–2003) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lebanese club Salam Zgharta and the Lebanon national team.
John Alfred Baden (May 10, 1913 - April 26, 1983) was an American prelate who served as the Suffragan Bishop of Virginia from 1973 till 1979.
He was educated at the Maryland Park High School and then proceeded to the University of Maryland from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1939 and a Bachelor of Laws from the National University School of Law in 1939.
He served in Trinity Church, Towson, Maryland from 1946 till 1948 and then became rector of St James' Church in Monkton, Maryland and St James' Mission in Parkton, Maryland.
He served as rector of Frederick Parish responsible of Christ Church and St Paul's-on-the-Hill in Winchester, Virginia between 1962 and 1973.
During his time as bishop he was involved in assisting Anglican churches in Tanzania and Uganda, when in fact he visited Tanzania in 1975.
In 1900, Pesel won a Silver Medal for a framed panel with inlay and applique, at the Women's Exhibition in Earl's Court, London.
She subsequently took a post as designer the Royal Hellenic School of Needlework and Lace in Athens, and was its Director from 1903 until 1907.
In 1910 the Victoria and Albert (V&A) Museum commissioned Pesel to produce a series of samplers of historic English embroidery stitches, which led to three V&A portfolio publications.
During the First World War, Pesel worked with the Bradford Khaki Handicrafts Club to teach embroidery to Belgian refugees and to soldiers who had returned from the front, believing that the colourful designs and soothing effect of handwork could assist in the recovery from shell-shock.
After the death of her father in 1922, Pesel moved from Bradford, eventually settling in Twyford, Hampshire, in 1925, teaching embroidery locally.
The Dean of the Cathedral was so impressed he then asked Pesel to design and sew textiles for the cathedral itself.
Together with artist Sybil Blunt, Pesel designed and oversaw the creation of 56 cushions for the choir stalls in the cathedral, and more than 300 kneelers, which are still in use today.
Pesel had amassed or created more than 400 embroidered items, most from Turkey and Greek islands, but also from Morocco, Algeria, Turkestan, India, Pakistan, Persia, Syria, China, and Western Europe.
Grant Carveth Wells (January 21, 1887—February 16, 1957) was a British adventurer, travel writer, and television personality in the mid-twentieth century.
In 1912, the British government sent Wells to its then-colony of Malaya, to survey the route for a railroad, and to explore the flora and fauna of the region.
In the early 1930s, Wells and his wife travelled to Soviet Russia, on a trip that would take him to the borders of Turkey, in search of the remains of Noah's Ark.
He is credited with helping Wells sell more than $1 million of war bonds in the United States during the Second World War.
Robert South Barrett IV (1927 – December 24, 2004) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served concurrent appointments as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim to Madagascar and Comoros (1977-1980) and was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Djibouti (1988-1991).
Barrett graduated with an AB was in politics from Princeton University and a master's in economics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Fatima Al Zahraa Khachab (; born 1999–2000) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lebanese club BFA the Lebanon national team.
Signed with Aftermath Entertainment, he is best known for his work with Dr. Dre, producing songs for the likes of Eminem, Xzibit, Truth Hurts, The Firm, Busta Rhymes and Snoop Dogg.
Vladimir Konstantinovich Soldatov (, 15 July 1875 – 31 January 1941) was a Russian and Soviet ichthyologist, zoologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor of the Department of Ichthyology of the Moscow Technical Institute for the Fishery Industry.
The Soldatov was born in the town of of the Irkutsk Governorate, in a family of K. N. and E. D. Soldatovs.
After graduating from classical gymnasium, Soldatov left for the capital and entered the Natural Science Department of the at St. Petersburg University in 1896.
He studied the biology and fishing of salmon on the of Russian fishermen and Sámi people in the Kola Bay and rivers flowing into the Barents Sea.
He managed to organize a Far Eastern expedition, which from 1907 to 1913 conducted year-round research on the biology of the main commercial fish (primarily salmon and sturgeon) in the Amur River basin.
In 1909, at the initiative of Soldatov, the first fish breeding plant for artificial salmon farming was built on Cape Bolshoi Chil and in the Amur basin and throughout the Far East.
During his stay in the Far East, Soldatov collected enormous material on hydrology, hydrobiology, and fish in the western part of the Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin Gulf, Strait of Tartary and Peter the Great Gulf.
Next to him, the wife of a doctor, Soldatova Elena Petrovna (1882-1948) and his brother, Soldatov Leonid Konstantinovich (1888-1963), are buried.
It then relocated to a new building designed by Frederik Wagner at [[Ryesgade]] 51-55 as well as a large new plant at [[Øresundsvej]] 147.
Dima Al Kasti (; born 2001–2002) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Lebanese club Safa and the Lebanon national team.
The recording went viral in January 2020 after Rosenthal shared it on his Twitter account, and it was viewed more than 600,000 times in the day after it was posted.
One day later, the song was released on Spotify and Apple Music, with all proceeds going to the charities WIRES and Tree Sisters.
Major-General Sir Peter Melvill Melvill (2 July 1803 – 5 November 1895) was a British military commander in the Bombay Army who was military and naval secretary to the Governor of Bombay.
His elder brothers included Sir James Cosmo Melvill, secretary of the East India Company; Philip Melvill, Military Secretary to the India Office; and Henry Melvill, principal of the East India Company College.
In 1836, he was first assistant to the Resident in Cutch and Sind and in 1838 he officiated as Political Agent at the former place.
They had three daughters in Bombay: Elizabeth Margaret, who married Charles Gonne in Bombay; Catherine Mary, married Arthur John de Hochepied Larpent, 8th Baron de Hochepied; and Robina Henrietta Melville, who died young in India.
Nicholas Lechmere Charlton (18 December 1733 – 20 March 1807), known as Nicholas Lechmere until 1784, was a British politician, MP for Worcester in 1774.
Following the death in 1773 of Henry Crabb-Boulton, MP for Worcester, Thomas Bates Rous was elected to take his seat in a by-election.
He succeeded to the estates of his uncle Sir Francis Charlton, 4th Bt., and took the additional name Charlton, in 1784.
It was their first on East West Records label, released in October 2000, it peaked at number 35 on the ARIA Charts.
But, with the decline of grunge and the rise in popularity of hip hop and electronica-based acts by the end of the decade, Magic Dirt had lost their manager and label, and feeling burnt out, the band also found themselves asking each other, should we continue.
Lead singer Adalita was sure of one thing, that the previous decade was one in which she dealt with a lot of angst and emotionally raw issues and that she was now in a different headspace.
In April 2018, after serving as assistant under former managers Tam Iao San and Chan Hiu Ming, Iong was named manager of Macau.
In the early staged of writing the band's third studio album, lead singer Adalita Srsen had dealt with a lot of angst and emotionally raw issues in the previous released and was now in a different headspace.
The band's excitement ramped up when they decided they could have a heap of fun, hamming things up with the sound of the song.
It's done so much for us, just that one song, so we owe a lot to it, even though it's just this cute funny, anomaly.
Based out of the that originated from , the Shinkengers use the kanji-based power called , which is passed down from one generation to the next (currently on the 18th Generation).
Once becoming a Shinkenger, they must renounce their past lives in order to keep their friends and family safe in case a member of the Gedoushu targets them.
He was raised since childhood by Hikoma Kusakabe to act the role of the 18th head of the Shiba House after his father gave him the Sisi Origami.
His upbringing made him create a facade to look very arrogant and proud to others, claiming none can match his strength and greatness, while keeping his cool in any situation.
Though he was reluctant to have the vassals fight by his side, as he wanted no one else to bear the burden, he allowed their involvement after giving them the choice to turn back or become Shinkengers out of want rather than need, as long as they are willing to finish their mission to the last detail.
By the time Genta arrives, Takeru's facade is revealed as he now questions himself of how it makes him strong along with learning he shares similar attributes with Juzo before defeating him.
While at times it may not appear so, Takeru does cares greatly for his vassals and when Genta arrives, he becomes more open with them.
However, in a fight against Juzo, it is revealed that Takeru started to value his life more which, in Juzo's opinion, makes him weaker and makes Takeru doubt himself.
In reality, Takeru has been acting as a for the true 18th head of the Shiba Clan, Kaoru, who was not yet born at the time of her father's death, having been chosen for his proficiency with Modikara and his swordsmanship.
When Kaoru is injured while attempting to use the Sealing Character on Doukoku, she formally adopts Takeru, making him the 19th head of the Shiba House.
After defeating Doukoku in the final battle, Takeru says goodbye to Kaoru and his vassals and stays in the Shiba House with Hikoma, resuming his days now as a true samurai, though it is implied that he remains in contact with his friends.
As Hikoma insists that Takeru should start learning new things instead of just working as a samurai (such as playing the guitar or learning conversational English), he stands by the front door of the Shiba House, recalling his moments as Shinken Red.
Should he make a mistake in front of his lord, Ryunosuke will discipline himself severely; he once stood under a public fountain begging for forgiveness.
Ryunosuke is also the engineer behind many of the Samurai Combinations, having figured out how to combine the Origami into Tenku-Shinkenoh and later into Samuraihaoh.
When Kaoru reveals herself, Ryunosuke becomes confused about whom to follow, because he had pledged his life to the head of the Shiba family.
After he receives some advice that clears his mind, he goes to Takeru, saying that he has pledged his life to Takeru Shiba, and only Takeru Shiba, and he will fight under him until the end.
When she was a little girl, her childhood was pushed aside when her parents moved to Hawaii without a word and left her in the care of her grandmother, who schooled her in the ways of bushidō.
Though she is a horrible cook (none of the boys can stomach her cooking), Mako tries her best in order to achieve her dream of becoming a good wife and mother.
Eventually, Mako is reunited with her parents and learns that her mother had become paralyzed from the waist down as a result of her tenure as the previous Shinken Pink.
Because of her gentle nature, she can read other people well, especially Takeru, and readily gives her opinion regarding the situation in question.
The only reason he even worked with Takeru was because he thought it would be fun and he wanted to protect people.
He is a great strategist despite his delinquency, and comes to respect Takeru as a rival when he realizes the limits of his own abilities, pledging to pass Takeru in skill someday.
Chiaki was without his mother from an early age and was raised solely by his father, who planted in him the seed of his interest in martial arts.
Despite not being formally trained, he is an excellent strategist and adept with surprise attacks, thanks to his imagination and free-spiritedness.
Even though he often butts heads with Ryunosuke, Chiaki respects him immensely for his skill; in fact, they work together so well that they become able to perform tasks in sync with one another.
He prefers American surf wear and skate wear brands like Vans and especially Gotcha, whose vintage shirts he wears in most episodes.
Very much a crybaby as a child, she is close to her older sister, Mitsuba, who had been training to be Shinken Yellow.
She has rather low self-esteem; she genuinely believes that she is stupid (she claims that the only things that she is proficient at are her swordsmanship and her flute playing) and, despite her teammates' affection for her, often feels that she is a bother to them.
However, her spirits are raised after she receives a letter from Mitsuba, in which Mitsuba says that Kotoha is the true Shinken Yellow.
is the son of a sushi chef who mysteriously disappeared prior to the beginning of the series, and a childhood friend of Takeru's.
Years later, he is shown to have inherited the sushi cart and to have developed his own , using the Sushi Changer to type the kanji needed.
Genta considers himself Takeru's best friend, despite their personalities being complete opposites; Genta is as hyperactive and expressive as much as Takeru is reserved and stoic.
When Kaoru reveals herself, Genta immediately disapproves of her because of his relationship with Takeru, but later accepts her when he sees that she is very kind.
As , he is the and uses sushi-themed accouterments to transform and battle, like exploding chopsticks that he uses as a projectile weapon.
He is considered a genius in using Modikara and is also one of the few who can use Modikara to create Origami, as well as being the only one in the group able to complete the Inromaru.
After the Shinkengers defeat an Ayakashi in battle, Shinken Gold encourages everyone to do a victory clap before Shinken Red's ending catch phrase.
As the head of the Shiba House, Kaoru is the one who possesses the knowledge of the also known as the , a Modikara passed along the Shiba bloodline (the kanji is fictional, but is composed of the kanji for , , , and ).
When she grows tired of living in hiding, she masters the Sealing Character to defeat the Gedoushu and assumes her birthright.
Even though she is kind and easy to work with, she underestimates the vassals' dedication to Takeru, and when she is injured in attempting to use the Sealing Character, she adopts Takeru and gives up her birthright to allow Takeru to lead the Shinkengers in defeating Doukoku.
Every year, he gets one day off, which he uses to visit his wife's grave and visit his daughter and granddaughter.
His relationship with Takeru and his vassals runs deep; he takes great care to ensure that they are safe and that they are ready to fight, and he supplies them with information and weaponry.
Though Genta frequently annoys him, Hikoma acknowledges the younger man's skill with Modikara and eventually does accept and connect with him.
When Kaoru makes her appearance, Hikoma remains loyal to Takeru, but bears no ill will towards Kaoru; he respects her for both her title and for the kind and diligent young woman that she is.
After the final battle, he stays with Takeru even when he insists that he go visit his family and encourages Takeru to join him to experience other lifestyles other than just the samurai life.
As they do not possess Modikara proficiency, they are not able to fight against the Gedoushu physically and as such, they are not directly involved in combat, although they do help evacuate civilians away from danger.
They are skilled in many comparatively mundane things and are tasked with doing household chores, and help citizens in the nearby town to the best of their ability, when the Shinkengers are not in battle.
But with Modikara of and the command , the Origami can be enlarged into giants with the Shinkengers using their Shinkenmaru as control sticks.
The three support Origami, two of which were reclaimed after being lost in the last great battle with the Gedoushu, are summoned using each Secret Disk and require twice the amount of Modikara than the regular Origami.
is a giant robot formed by the five main Origami when the Shinkengers write the kanji for to make their Origami combine and they undergo .
The Sisi Origami head on its body can breathe fire in the attack, takes to the air with the , separate from the Kame Origami to execute the , and separate from the Saru Origami to execute the .
is formed from Shinkenoh and DaiTenku when the kanji for is written, giving it the ability to fly and perform the finisher.
is a giant robot that is formed from the Ebi Origami having undergone the , initiated by Shinken Gold entering the kanji for on the Sushi Changer.
The Ebi Origami becomes golden samurai armor for Shinkenoh and replaces the Kame and Saru Origami as arms, which attach to the back of Daikai-Shinkenoh.
It can perform the finisher with the Lobster Swords and during this attack sequence, the Japanese flag can be seen briefly.
is the combination of the Kabuto, Kajiki, Tora, and Ika Origami which acts as a cannon and platform for another Samurai Giant to use as a weapon to perform its finisher.
is a support robot created by Genta during his temporary fear of sushi, infusing his Electronic Modikara with a lantern in his sushi cart to be able to fight for him when needed, referring to his creator as .
He is normally in the splintered form of the Secret Disk shooting , which forms the majority of his robot mode, and the , which Shinken Gold uses as a weapon to execute the attack; this part forms DaiGoyou's arms.
He forms into his giant robot mode, a transformation called initiated by Shinken Gold entering the kanji for on the Sushi Changer or the others writing it down with their Shodo Phone.
His techniques include the and the , and he can retract his head and compress his torso to dodge enemy attacks.
Ryunosuke points out that these were mere guardsmen and not samurai, so the kanji for Samurai on DaiGoyou's lantern is actually a misrepresentation, much to Genta and DaiGoyou's chagrin.
Mougyudaioh's finisher is the where its uses the Modikara for to fire its gatling cannon while unleasing a burst of Modikara from the disk loaded on its head.
The transformation finishes when the Lobster Swords attach to the Samurai Giant's helmet and Mougyudaioh's cannon attaches above the helmet, prompting the Shinkengers to say .
Unfortunately, not knowing that it required Takeru's command through the use of Modikara, the Origami Giants merely stacked one on top of the other, Chiaki's being the bottom, followed by Ryunosuke, Mako above, Kotoha on the top, and Takeru floating around.
The Gedoushu are malevolent spirits who arise as the result of sin-tainted souls that enter into the within the land of the dead.
The Gedoshu maintain their wretched existence with the water of the Sanzu, and in order to maintain the river's levels, they constantly enter into the human world with the intent of running amok in order to feed the river with negative emotions of humans.
If a Gedoshu spends too long in the human world, it eventually dries out, and petrifies if it can not return to the Sanzu.
Cursed to be in a state between life and death, a Gedoushu can only be free of its existence if it is slain upon taking its Second Life, or if it is able to let go of the upādāna that damned it in the first place.
Using their ability to enter the living world through cracks and narrow gaps, Doukoku's minions set up a plan to terrorize humans in any way possible so that the river overflows to point of flooding into the mortal realm in order for them to invade in full fury.
(1-40 & 47-49) is the leader of the Gedoushu and is armed with the , the , and possessing the power to seal his fellow Gedoushu.
He is in a constant state of rage, originally endless until he heard the sound of Usuyuki's shamisen, becoming obsessed with her as he later takes her upon her rebirth into Dayu to soothe his rage along with sake.
He targeted the Shiba House's previous Shinkengers, making it his goal to completely eliminate the Shiba House so no one would be able to stop him.
To reach his goal again, Doukoku sends out Ayakashi to terrorize humans so the Sanzu River can overflow its banks into the mortal realm and enable him to unleash his full fury.
This method of attack was later revealed to how he loses the rejuvenating qualities of its waters much faster than any other member of the Gedoushu and takes longer to soak the river's waters back into his body.
Learning of the seal placed on him, Doukoku briefly changes his plans to target Takeru as the death of the Shiba House would ensure that he would never be sealed again.
But when that plan failed, Doukoku has his force carry on the original plan without giving wind of this knowledge to any Ayakashi with his own agenda.
During the summer while in a comatose state that leaves him open to his enemies, Doukoku manages to suppress his magnified power.
Later, after learning of Akamaro's true colors, Doukoku risks his life to enter the mortal realm to repair Dayu's shamisen after driving off Akumaro and defeating Shinken Red.
But after the Shiba Clan true's eighteenth head is revealed, Doukoku's followers attempt to speed up his awakening by increasing the amount of suffering until Dayu uses Shinza's anguish to bring Doukoku back to the mortal realm.
After absorbing Dayu's energy to heal his body, Doukoku gains immunity to the Sealing Character and can now endure being in the mortal realm without drying up.
As a result, Doukoku overpowers the Shinkengers before bringing the Rokumon Junk into the mortal realm when the Sanzu River floods the city.
Thinking he had broken the Shinkengers' spirits when they attempt to defeat him, Doukoku is immobilized before Shinken Blue delivers the final blow.
Assuming his second life, Doukoku overpowers Samuraihaoh, blasting it and throwing off its components until only Shinkenoh remains, then impales it on his sword.
(1-48) is Doukoku's right hand and the only one he is kind to, provided she knows her place as his obedient, unquestioning servant.
Doukoku takes her in after her rebirth as a Gedoushu, giving her the name she now goes by and telling her that she has nowhere else to go but to him.
Scorned that he loved another woman instead of her, Usuyuki set fire to the building holding his wedding ceremony, killing him, his bride, and the entirety of their wedding party, in a suicidal crime of passion.
Seeing that her love would remain unrequited to the bitter end, Usuyuki's emotions corrupt her soul and caused her rebirth into Tayu.
The transformation also forcefully bonded Shinza's soul into the shamisen that Tayu carries with her, creating the eerie and unsettling songs that serve to soothe Doukoku's rage.
Of all the Gedoushu, Tayu has the most trouble getting along with the Ayakashi because of her previous life as a human, which she makes attempts to reclaim.
One failed attempt results with her being saved by Juzo, developing feelings for the Gedounin as she begins to defy Doukoku's orders with her shamisen damaged as a result.
Though her feelings for Shinza had long died, Tayu refuses to give him up as it would end her existence and desires to know the purpose behind it.
Leaving Doukoku, Tayu wanders aimlessly until she is found by Akumaro who recruits her to his group in return for her instrument's restoration.
Upon learning that Akamaro never intended to repair her instrument, she attempts to reclaim her shamisen until Dokouku comes to her aid, using a piece of his body to restore the shamisen and reminding her of her place by his side.
To that end, after finally having the answers to her questions, Tayu deliberately has Shinken Pink destroy her shamisen to not only discard her past life, but to also use Shinza's anguished soul to revive Doukoku.
She later uses the last of her powers to restore Doukoku's body, giving him immunity to the Sealing Character and independence from the Sanzu River.
Because of the nature of rendaku in Japanese, her name is only Usukawa Dayu when it is said in full; otherwise, it is Tayu.
Though he warns Doukoku not to trouble himself with the Shiba House's sealing character so not to attract attention from certain Ayakashi, Shitari recruits Isagitsune in an attempt to slake his curiosity on what the sealing character is.
He later recruits Oinogare in an attempt to re-open a well the Gedoushu used in the past as their base of operations by sacrificing nine maidens, formally introducing himself to the Shinkengers as a result.
While Doukoku is in a vulnerable state struggling with his surging power, the rogue Ayakashi Gozunagumo bullies Shitari into extorting the sealing character from Shinken Red.
Despite poisoning Takeru, Shitari fails to get him to reveal the sealing character due to the combined interference of Shinken Gold and Juzo.
When Doukoku revives and punishes Gozunagumo, Shitari freely confesses that the one thing he values above Doukoku is his own life and gains forgiveness from his leader out of amusement with his honesty.
When Akumaro arrives, Shitari expresses a great deal of distrust over the mysterious Gedoushu and not as much shocked when his impression of him was accurate yet was powerless to do anything against him as he realized Akumaro's intentions.
After Dayu returns, Shitari decides to kill off Takeru, only to learn the truth behind him and the Shiba House's true leader and giving up one half of his life, in an attempt to speed up Doukoku's reawakening at the cost of having no second life should he be killed.
He remains on the Rokumon Junk during Doukoku's final battle with the Shinkengers, going down with the ship as it sinks in response to its master's death while proclaiming that he will survive regardless of what happens.
But during the climatic battle, gathering an army of followers to kill Buredoran and reclaim the Sanzu River, Shitari ends up facing the Gokaigers when they traveled from the near future and they mistakenly believe him to be a hindrance in their own affairs.
(7-47) is a mysterious Gedoushu, regarded by the others as a lone wolf, yet he seems to know more than Doukoku about the Sanzu River's true potential.
200 years ago, Fuwa was a samurai in life who made a living as an assassin, disenchanted with the ways of bushidō and thriving more on the pleasure of killing his opponents in battle until he can no longer be physically able to wield a sword.
He meets Akumaro who provides him with the katana , seemingly unaware that the blade was forged from the souls of his family who tried to free him from his blood lust.
When he contracts a fatal illness, Fuwa enters the Sanzu River to cheat death, completely discarding the goodness in his heart to become a , a half-Gedoushu that can freely exist in both realms and assume a human form.
However, unlike other Gedounin who die out in a few years, Fuwa endured over the centuries and thus is condemned with an insatiable urge to find an ideal opponent, a fellow samurai who strays from the teachings of bushidō, to clash blades with.
As a result, Fuwa mistakes the blade's cries of sadness for an equal lust for battle, believing that the souls of his family have lost their desire to stop him after he entered the Sanzu River.
This obsession with fighting Shinken Red leads Doukoku to seal Fuwa's Gedoushu powers, leaving him for dead in the Sanzu River.
Although he barely survives with Dayu's aid, he continues to defy Doukoku by making sure that Takeru is at his strongest for their next fight, even curing him of Shitari's poisoning.
After a long battle in which he manages to severely wound Shinken Red, Fuwa is defeated and falls off the cliff into the ocean below.
He remains in the mountainside until Dayu finds him and relays Akumaro's offer to work for him in return for restoring his blade.
Later fed up waiting for the Uramasa to be repaired, Fuwa confronts Akumaro and learns his weapon's origins and that he is a pawn in Akumaro's plan.
However, tricking Akumaro into giving him back his weapon and cutting him down, Fuwa reveals he knew the truth behind Uramasa from the first time he held it, thus preventing Akumaro from fulfilling his plan.
Later, after the real Shiba House head is revealed, Fuwa gets Takeru to duel him once again before finally falling to him in battle with a delayed hit after Uramasa finally stops its master and denies him his only desire.
Uramasa remains in the physical world after Fuwa fades away until the souls that formed it are finally able to depart into the afterlife.
is a Gedoushu general with six slitted eyes and rictus grin, whose ambition is to see Hell and savor the immense suffering that it holds.
A master of the black arts, Akumaro can create monsters called Kirigami and teleport short distances to catch his opponents off guard.
Akumaro's modus operandi is to set up far-reaching plots with dangerous consequences that would ultimately result in the completion of the , a spell that opens up the gates of Hell.
To that end he needed a Gedonin, killing off Juzo's family to create Uramasa and setting up his descent into Gedou.
While pretending to aid Dokoku's group in raising the levels of the Sanzu River, taking any abuse from Doukoku to keep up his act, Akumaro starts setting up markers and recruits Juzo and Dayu into his service to make use of them.
However, with Doukoku resting, Akumaro takes the Rokumon Junk as his own while making the finishing touches on his master plan by completing the final marker to open up Hell and finishing Uramasa's repairs.
Although he comes close to his goal, Akumaro is left with nothing when he realizes Juzo can not complete the Urami Gandōgaeshi and goes into an enraged fury before the Shinkengers use the Rekka Daizantou and Super Mougyu Bazooka to slay him.
After becoming a giant, Akumaro battles the Samurai Giants and DaiGoyou with his Kirigami before Samuraihaoh uses the Kyoryu Origami to form Super SamuraiHaOh and destroy him, with Akumaro laughing as his desire to see Hell is finally granted with his death.
However, he is revived by Doukoku along with his followers during the summer-time and offers to kill off the Shinkengers for him with no intent on ruling the mortal realm.
With his massive army, Manpuku overwhelmed the Shinkengers until Shinken Red breaks the seal on the Kusare Gedoushu's body to restore the Kyoryu Disk to its full power.
After being slain by the five Shinkengers, revived as a giant as he opens up into his true form with a serpentine creature sticking out of his stomach, Manpuku is destroyed by Kyoryu-Shinkenoh.
Aided joined by the Ayakashi Madakodama, Buredoran brainwashes Shinken Red so he can use their talents in a scheme to open a portal to the Gosei World and transfer the entire Sanzu River there, not caring on the survival of the Gedoushu without the water.
After the latter is freed from his control, Buredoran battles GoseiRed and ShinkenRed with phantoms in his Warstar and Yuumaju forms before being defeated.
Though mortally wounded by Ground Hyper Gosei Great's Mojikara Headder Strike, Buredoran's near lifeless body is later revealed to be discovered by Matrintis Empire's Metal-Alice.
The are the Gedoushu's foot soldiers, armed with bajō-zutsu, monk's spades, yumi, and daos, they can freely enter the mortal realm at whim.
There are another group of Nanashi known as the , who are naturally born giant with a flying variation called the .
In the film, the Kusare Nanashi and Kusare Ōnanashi Companies, part of the Kusare Gedoushu, resemble normal Nanashi and Ōnanashi but in purple garbed attire.
In the Special DVD, a rogue member of the Nanashi Company serves as the main antagonist after stealing the Inromaru and using it to become a before being destroyed by Hyper Shinken Gold and Shinken Red.
In the film, the Kusare Nosakamata and the Kusare Ōnosakamata, part of the Kusare Gedoushu, resemble blue skinned Nosakamata and Ōnosakamata.
The are a furred ball-like soot settling in roof of the Rokumon Junk's interior, appearing whenever Doukoku's infuriated enough for them to descend, annoyingly repeating people's words while giggling.
One accompanies Dayu in her wandering after it is tossed out of the Rokumon Junk and into the mortal realm, singing in imitation of her shamisen.
are monsters created by Akumaro from real kirigami he makes by using his claws to cut paper in the shape of a monster, which then transforms into a giant monster.
The are ancient spirits with nightmarish forms that serve the Gedoushu, dwelling within the depths of the Sanzu River until being summoned to go through the gap.
However, they can only remain in the mortal world until they begin to dry up, returning to the Sanzu River to regain their moisture.
These Ayakashi are used in Akumaro's plans to open the pathway between the mortal realm and Hell, each given an arena to cause enough anguish to create a marker.
Winners were selected by an open vote among British comic book professionals (creators, editors, and retailers); the awards were given out on an annual basis from 1990 to 1997 for comics published in the United Kingdom the previous year.
The UK Comic Art Award took the place of the Eagle Award, a fan-voted award which had petered out by the end of the 1980s.
The National Comics Awards took over for the UK Comic Art Award in 1997 (the National Comic Awards were themselves replaced by the rejuvenated Eagle Awards in the 2000s).
The Awards were founded in 1990 by Rusty Staples, the company responsible for organizing the United Kingdom Comic Art Convention (UKCAC).
It started as a memory foam mattress firm and transitioned into a sleep solutions firm, which included mattresses, bed frames, pillows, and mattress protectors.
In late 2019, Wakefit introduced a sleep internship initiative where volunteers had to sleep 9 hours daily on their mattress for 100 days to help Wakefit perform research on sleep patterns.
As of January 2020, Beatdown Hardwear (BDHW) has had 90 official releases, featuring bands such as , , Born From Pain, Lionheart, Malevolence, and World Of Pain.
On November 3, 1998, Montgomery won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 10, seat A. Montgomery defeated Loren Dale Kenyon with 69.2% of the votes.
The 2020 Green Party of British Columbia leadership election will take place between June 15 to 26, 2020 to elect a leader to replace Adam Olsen, who became interim leader following the resignation of Andrew Weaver.
Party members will vote online by ranked ballot if there are more than two candidates, and first-past-the-post if only two candidates run.
Prospective candidates are persons that have been named in the news media as potential candidates but have not declared themselves as definite candidates or definite non-candidates.
Its employs the series' protagonists the in their fight to keep the fictional energy source known as the safe from the evil Vaglass group.
Their base of operations is 70 meters underground, modeled after an ant hill, with passages to any part of the city.
Thirteen years prior to the events of the series, a freak accident caused a computer virus to evolve into the entity known as Messiah who went on to create Vaglass before being trapped in subspace.
To prevent Messiah's return as well as looking for a way to uproot the threat, three children who so happened to be around when the freak accident happened were installed with an Anti-Metavirus program that gives them each both a unique and enabled them to be safely teleported away when the Transport Research Center is sent into subspace.
These children were then trained to become spies for the Energy Management Center's Special Operations Unit, and now fight Vaglass as the primary members of the Go-Busters.
Though their Anti-Metavirus program also gives them a crippling weakness called a , Hiromu theorized it to be a necessary for them to work together as a team.
During the final battle with Enter, the Go-Busters perform a finisher known as the which is an enhanced version of Red Buster's Volcanick Attack.
is 20 years old and is the most well-rounded warrior on the team despite joining the team the latest as .
He is a serious, dedicated and level-headed warrior who rarely smiles, as well as being very blunt with words and not much of a social person.
Hiromu's Super Power manifests in his legs as super speed, enabling him to move so fast it appears as if he is teleporting.
As , wearing the Protector armor created from Nick's data, Hiromu's speed increases which allows him to perform the finisher to destroy an opponent.
Both sacrificed themselves to trap Messiah in subspace with Hiromu entrusted to take care of his sister Rika, who refused to allow her only family to be taken from her by the Energy Management Center.
However, with his Buddy Roid Cheeda Nick training him and the promised he made to Yoko to get their families back, Hiromu resolved to become a Go-Buster to ensure nobody would again lose loved ones to the Vaglass like him and his sister.
At first, putting the mission as top priority, Hiromu refuses to go see Rika despite Nick's efforts in mending their relationship.
When Nick brings Rika to a battle scene to allow Rika herself to see what her brother fights for, Hiromu berates Nick for bringing a civilian to such a dangerous place despite Nick's good intentions, showing how much he cares in getting the job done.
His relationship is eventually mended with Rika fully accepting Hiromu's decision to fight as a Go-Buster, though it is all thanks to Nick's efforts and Hiromu having next to no part in the events.
Later, learning of his parents' fate as absorbed extensions of Messiah, a saddened Hiromu sees that stopping the monster is the only way he could save them.
The encounter escalated their on-going feud as Enter developed an obsession with the human spirit, using Hiromu as the subject of his twisted research.
But this too was a means to study the human resolve, as it was revealed that Enter installed the previously, unrecovered Messiah Card 13 inside his body; effectively becoming Enter's back-up.
As a side effect, the card also protects Hiromu from fatal hazards, including the ones he intends to inflict on himself.
After the Go-Busters send their own bodies with Enter into the unstable subspace, Masato intends to put Hiromu in his own stasis chamber to remove Messiah Card 13, saving Hiromu but at the cost of Masato's life.
Once overheated, his strength increases exponentially and gains a murderous personality along with it, being thoroughly incapable of telling friend from foe.
As a side effect, Ryuji is also far more susceptible to heat than normal people and can overheat if his surroundings are too warm, although he would merely be very aggressive and irritable instead of murderous.
Though ice and large amounts of water can be used, a special cooling cream is more effective to cool him down.
Compared to his teammates, his Weakpoint is the least likely to happen, so long as he uses his Super Power sparingly and with caution, but it is also the most devastating when it does happen.
Ironically, his Weakpoint can be considered a mixed blessing as he can use the increased strength and destructive personality to deal with Metaloids far easier than it would usually be.
His overheating happenings are so rare that Yoko, despite growing up together with him over a decade, had never seen him overheat even once until recently.
As , wearing the Protector armor created from Gorisaki's data, Ryuji's superhuman strength is amplified with the added ability to analyze any substance to create a digital copy of it for use.
As the oldest of the Go-Busters, he feels that it is his duty to watch over Hiromu and Yoko, mediating whenever they start bickering.
Unlike his teammates who started training at a very young age, he was already a teenager when his training started and as such, he trains extra hard to catch up to them.
He is a rather passive in his approach to things and unlike Hiromu and Yoko, lacks a personal reason to fight.
As such, he is very much a background character supporting his juniors in battle until Masato prompts him to find a personal reason, which he finds to be resuming his dream once Vaglass is defeated.
is a moody, sharp-tongued, impatient and easy-to-anger but earnest 16-year-old and is the youngest and the most energetic on the team.
As such, she must keep her calorie count in check by consuming sweets, in order to keep herself awake and active.
While her Weakpoint is easier to manage, her over-eagerness with missions often makes her forget to carry sweets on her or consume them at times while on a mission, coupled with her tendency to overuse her Super Power, she is often left in a state to scramble for whatever she can find.
She can also use data to manifest objects in the air to either run around on them or jump to even greater heights in order to perform the finisher.
Initially before their eventual reunion as a team, she sees Hiromu to be useless, thinking that he is a good-for-nothing who cowers behind his sister.
She only starts warming up to him when he reveals that he does indeed remember his promise to her that they will fight Vaglass together, a promise Ryuji did not think that she would remember due to her young age and that she was crying when Hiromu said it all those years ago.
Her impulsive and hyperactive nature results in her hating to study, a fact that gets her berated by Usada over and over again.
This in turns hampers her information-processing ability and she is shown to be the slowest to catch clues in their missions, as well the only one on the team incapable of comprehending English at all.
She however, has a thoughtful side to her, shown when she plans a holiday outing where the team takes the Buddy Roids to places they want to visit prior to her actions revealed to give their partners a birthday.
Though working in another block during the incident 13 years ago, Masato ended up in subspace regardless when his fellow researchers sacrificed themselves to trap Messiah.
Trapped in subspace, created Beet J. Stag to aid him by placing his body in stasis and creating an avatar of himself to move about.
When he learned of the others' fate as Messiah's engineers upon being contacted by Sakurada, given the plans to the BC-04 he developed, Masato resolved to send Jay to reality so he can hone the Go-Busters' skills to prepare them for the final battle with Messiah.
For that reason, Masato created his and Jay's unique Buster Gears, enabling him to transform and fight as the gold-colored .
Masato is known for his utter disregard for rules and authority (one of his first actions as Beet Buster being to steal massive amounts of Enetron) often addressing Commander Kuroki by an embarrassing nickname and acting on his own.
Though technically the oldest of the Go-Busters at 40 years of age, he insists that because his avatar is himself when he was 27, Ryuji (who is 28) is the oldest and therefore has the responsibility of taking care of the team.
Despite his seemingly immature disposition, he is actually quite wise, seen when he tells Ryuji that he would not be able to do much if he only watched over and fought for others, thus prompting him to search for a personal reason to fight so that he could do so effectively.
Masato often flashes the sign of the horns with the back of his hand out, resembling the horn of a Japanese rhinoceros beetle.
As an avatar whose existence in the real world is entirely dependent on Jay, he cannot transform on his own and requires Jay's Marker System to activate their Buster Machines.
While his body in the real world is an avatar and thus incapable of being destroyed, having this avatar body recreated puts serious strain on Masato's true body.
Though succeeding in ending Messiah, Masato is left with the issue of getting his actual body back into reality, something that should only be possible by retrieving his missing data from the Messiah Card 07 which Enter absorbed to use as a trump card to play the group's intent to save him.
However, while thinking of a way of removing Messiah Card 13 from Hiromu's body, Masato realizes that Messiah Card 07's data is inside it and he can use his hangar's equipment to transfer the card out of Hiromu and into his failing body.
Though knowing it would destroy him, Masato resolved to protect the world at any cost with his avatar lasting long enough to ensure Enter's permanent death while telling his friends to escape back to their way through his hangar.
The are sentient robots created by the Energy Management Center prior to Messiah's creation who in the aftermath that are assigned to assist the Go-Busters on their missions.
Other than having built-in teleportation abilities and Anti-Metavirus programming so they will not be corrupted, the Buddy Roids can interface with the Buster Machines, forming the control mechanisms with their heads.
Despite being robots, they have very good understanding of human behavior and behave very much like humans, especially in the case of Nick, where he often advises Hiromu in how to get along with people around him.
While Beet J. Stag fights with the Go-Busters as Stag Buster, the three primary Buddy Roids gain the ability to digitize themselves into the Custom Visors, reformatting themselves into the protector armor for their partners' Powered Custom forms.
Until the appearance of J, Nick is the only Buddy Roid who usually goes out in the field, both as a mode of transportation for Hiromu through his and more importantly, pick Hiromu up whenever his partner's Weakpoint takes effect.
Though Nick is equipped with a powerful supercomputer that allows him to make calculations at super speed and an on-board navigational computer, he has no sense of direction and is shown to be constantly getting lost, yet his pride always prevents him from calling Hiromu or anyone else for help.
These traits suit him well as he plays the role of an older brother figure to Hiromu, while being his trainer and providing battle support.
Nick and Hiromu often do not see eye-to-eye as the former always tries to make the latter more sociable and mindful of others' feelings.
Though she originally hated him for being both a machine and driving a wedge between her and Hiromu, Nick manages to win Rika's respect to the point of her accepting him as family.
He is also the most mild-mannered among all the Buddy Roids, never once bicker with anyone over anything and always just tries to do what he can to help around.
As Ryuji is quite mature for his age and carries himself in a rather proper manner all the time, Gorisaki feels that he is not as close to Ryuji as the other two Buddy Roids are with their partners, seeing their dysfunctional moments to be a good thing.
As a result, Gorisaki always holds back when he talks to Ryuji and resorts to more discreet methods like eavesdropping to know his partner better.
However, when he sustains damage to protect his partner from Fanloid, Gorisaki is happy that Ryuji finally scolds him for his recklessness, feeling that for they finally made progress as partners.
Having a sharp-tongue and habit to make snide comments to anyone around him, Usada is often overbearing towards Yoko as he has been her sole tutor and sees the girl unable to anything without him to guide her.
Though the two fight often, they care about each other and would always eventually reconcile, seen when he gets kidnapped by Enter where he tells Yoko to flee when a bomb strapped on him is about to explode.
Though behaving rather condescending towards others, he enjoys their company and when Yoko insists that he goes on theme park rides, something he had always wanted to do, on his own, he gets upset instead of happy as he wanted to do it with everyone else instead of doing it alone.
Like Masato, Jay is an egotist who likes appearing cool, but he is more extreme in a sense that he shows little to no interest in anything that does not concern him, resulting in him often getting onto Masato's nerves.
Despite this, he has a very high sense of awareness around where he can sense immediate danger and is very observant, but he does not tell this to the others due to his attitude.
He however has a softer side, as he's fascinated by nature, especially beetles (since they are his motive) to the point of becoming melancholic.
He also genuinely cares for his creator, as he went to extremes to protect a Metaloid from the Go-Busters in the hopes of using its Messiah Card to help Masato.
After the Go-Busters and Enter are transported to subspace, Jay is conflicted as to whether or not to go through with Masato's plan to extract the Messiah Card from Hiromu.
After Masato forces Jay to make a promise to protect the world, Jay decides to go through with the plan and assists the Go-Busters in distracting Enter.
When Card 13 is destroyed and Masato's physical body is gone, Jay was shocked that Masato's avatar was still active for some time.
After they destroy Megazord Omega, the Go-Busters fight and destroy Enter once and for all, with Jay helping to transfer energy for the Volcanick All Busters Attack.
Unlike other Buddy Roids, he is fully battle-ready and is outfitted with a that allows him to recreate Masato's avatar if destroyed and activate the duo's personal Buster Machines.
He is also Masato's partner both in and out of combat, with the ability to transform into the silver-colored to actively fight alongside him as Beet Buster.
This process sheds off much of Jay's outer armor, which either becomes parts of Beet Buster's suit when transforming together or is simply cast off and converted into data when transforming on his own.
Because he is not equipped with a vaccine program, he is susceptible to Metavirus infection, as evident from when he fueled himself with Metavirus-infected Enetron.
While not of a humanoid design like Usada, Ene-tan's ego and mentality are akin to that of her creator Masato, and has an aversion to being touched carelessly.
is 40 years old and is the commanding officer of the Special Operations Unit, leading the Go-Busters and several hundred other staff members.
He was originally the lab assistant of Hiromu's father and a teammate of Masato Jin (who gave him the nickname ).
is an operator for the Special Operations Unit, a recent hire in the Energy Management Center and does not know much about the Go-Busters.
The maintenance crew includes large numbers of technicians for maintaining the Buster Machines between missions, given that the machines needed to be at top shape during battles and repairs needed to be done quickly to ensure that the machines are always ready for deployment.
Dissatisfied and disillusioned over his job, he betrays the Energy Management Center and sells a copy of the blueprints of the BC-04 to Enter.
She was 14 during the Messiah event and due to her disliking machines in general, she seldom visited the Transport Research Center and as such, she was not present at the Transport Research Center back then.
Learning of her parents presumed deaths, Rika refused to allow Hiromu to become a Go-Buster as she did not want to lose another family member again, but she reluctantly accepted Nick to live with her and her brother.
Though she originally does not approve of Hiromu becoming one of the Go-Busters, thinking that he should not be shouldering such a heavy burden just because he survived the tragedy.
She eventually let him be upon learning of his motivation of becoming a Go-Buster, which is to never see someone else suffer what he suffered ever again, while accepting Nick as a member of their family as well.
is Hiromu and Rika's father who was the chief of the , the only known scientist to have devised a way to install programs into humans.
Along with Michiko, after sacrificing themselves with the scientists to trap Messiah in subspace 13 years ago, Yosuke's digitized essence was absorbed into the entity to serve as one of its engineers.
However, Yosuke manages to retain some of his free will and makes contact with Masato to aid his son and his friends by giving him the blue prints to the BC-04 in secret.
By the time Yosuke's actions are revealed, Hiromu manages to honor the final request of his father and the other scientists to end Messiah at the cost of their own existence.
is Hiromu and Rika's mother who was a staff member of the Transport Research Center before she sacrificed herself to trap Messiah in subspace 13 years ago.
She had two favorite dog statues she named , the significance of it revealing her fate as one of Messiah's engineers and being among the scientists whose aspects are used to create Escape.
is Yoko's mother who was a Megazord pilot and engineer within the Transport Research Center before the incident 13 years ago.
Hiromu manages to give her peace by destroying Messiah at her behest, appearing to Yoko in spirit before she returned to their reality.
is an eccentric and passionate scientist who was a member of the Energy Management Center years ago prior to Messiah's creation, creating the framework for the Go-Busters' Buster Machines.
When he left out of a conflict of interest, Professor Hazuki devised Tategami Lioh and continued working on it up until his death.
She was initially against the Go-Busters, believing that the Energy Management Center sacrificed her father for their own means, but after learning the truth from Ryuuji and Jin, she decides to give them her full support.
She gives the Go-Busters the Lio Attache with the full belief that they would be able to carry on her father's legacy.
is a member of the Galactic Union Police who succeeded its veteran member Retsu Ichijouji as the current Gavan, referred as , shouting whenever he needs the he is based on to encase him in Granium particles that form into his Gavan Type-G combat suit within a twentieth of a second.
As the new Gavan, Geki battled the revived Space Mafia Makuu and defeated its masked leader Brighton who originally his best friend Toya Okuma.
Soon after, Geki is redeployed to Earth to pursue Rhino Doubler, getting the Go-Busters' aid in defeating one of Makuu's remaining agents.
is a member of the Galactic Union Police who succeeded its veteran member Den Iga as the current , shouting whenever he needs the spaceship he is based on to encase him in Solar Metal particles that form into his combat suit within milliseconds.
is a member of the Galactic Union Police who succeeded its veteran member Dai Sawamura as the current , shouting whenever he needs the spaceship he is based on to bathe with Plasma Blue Energy emitted from the Vavilos to form his armor within milliseconds.
, a small robotic sphere, was originally a fragment of Demon King Psycho of the Space Crime Syndicate Madou that the original Sharivan defeated decades ago.
Having lost his memory while befriending Yoko as they are chased down by Space Shocker, Psycholon is eventually integrated back in Psycho once his revival is complete.
However, with Yoko reaching him, Psycholon is able to fully separate himself from Psycho's consciousness and sacrifices himself to save her.
The , made from the rare metal called Deltarium 39, are used by the Go-Busters to counter the appearance of a Vaglass Megazord.
A barrier is erected during formation sequence to deflect enemy attacks, though the barrier is rather weak and would not hold long.
Its finisher is the where Go-Buster Oh creates a tear into pseudo-subspace to trap an enemy Megazord before using the Boost Buster Sword on it.
However, if the enemy is immune to the trap of the Dimension Crash, it has an alternative attack, , where it concentrates its Enetron onto one of its feet to perform a destructive kicking attack at the enemy.
Go-Buster Beet's right arm can extend to unleash long ranged punching attacks or convert into a launcher for the SJ-05 Stag Beetle to dock in order to perform the finisher, which launches the SJ-05 through at its target.
Go-Buster Beet can also use Go-Buster Lioh to attach onto his right hand to boost Go-Buster Lioh's attacks, such as the finisher.
After Tategami Lioh appears, Go-Buster Beet also gets an update, where Go-Buster Beet can ride Tategami Lioh in Buddy Vehicle mode.
Its armaments include the Beet Cannon and the in its chest, the on its right arm, and the , which can also be used as a giant pair of scissors, on the left arm.
is the combination of the CB-01 Cheetah, GT-02 Gorilla, RH-03 Rabbit, BC-04 Beetle, and SJ-05 Stag Beetle specially designed by Masato to allow the Go-Busters to fight Megazords in subspace.
Because of the complex and time-consuming nature of the machine's assembly, Great Go-Buster Oh is assembled in the base's hangar and launched after it is completed.
Though his daughter thought it was built to defeat the Go-Busters, Tategami Lioh was designed by Professor Hazuki to be compatible with Go-Buster Ace as it fought the robot in order to deem it as its partner.
As a Buddyzord, combining the designs of a Megazord and a Buddy Roid, Tategami Lioh has a level of autonomy that the Buster Machines do not, and it switches between three modes.
In its mode, it takes the form of a lion that can holds its own in combat even against enemy Megazords.
Armed not only with powerful teeth and claws, it can fire an energy beam from its mouth when its mane rotates at high speed.
With Go-Buster Ace or Go-Buster Beet riding it, it is armed with the in a twin energy cannon mode that either Go-Buster Ace or Go-Buster Beet can use in attacks against enemy Megazords, such as the .
It wields the Lioncer Gun in a spear mode, while its Buddy Animal mode head becomes the that it uses to block attacks and fire a beam from the mouth.
But unlike Great Go-Buster, it does not need to combine in the hangar, since Tategami Lioh can do it by itself.
It is armed with both of Great Go-Buster's weapons and equipped with twin swords on both of its arms to execute the attack.
Led by the entity known as Messiah, Vaglass seeks to make the Earth more suitable to machines and seeks to wipe out the human race by tapping into the Energy Management Center's Enetron.
However, sent into subspace, an alternate dimension where gravity is greater to the point that breathing can be painful and humans become living data, Messiah resolves to use its Avatars Enter and Escape to gather the vast amount of Enetron needed so Messiah can re-enter reality to assimilate the Earth to ensure its dominion.
The Vaglass base of operations is the ruins of the Transport Research Center that ended up in subspace thirteen years prior and serves as Messiah's inactive body before it is destroyed with it.
originated as a computer virus that infected the Transport Research Center's computers on Christmas, 1999 NC, and underwent an evolution from the Enetron in the system.
Messiah used his assimilation powers to seize control of the facility's systems and machinery before the research staff managed to contain him by transporting the entire compound and themselves into Hyper Space; preventing him from spreading to the world's communication, energy, and defense networks.
He would renew his campaign for global domination thirteen years later in Neo AD 2012, by sending his agents across dimensions to gather Enetron to return him to reality and assimilate the entire planet.
After Enter supplies the resources from the Living Body Program Research Institute, Messiah evolves and creates a personal vessel called , capable of recreating defeated Metaloids and self-regeneration.
Though this form is eventually destroyed by efforts of the Go-Busters, Enter makes back-ups of Messiah's data in the thirteen Messiah Cards with intentions of making himself an entirely different Messiah.
Though he appears human, Enter's body is pure data, able to be easily be recreated when destroyed and uses cable-like tentacles to fight.
Using his disguise ability, Enter conducts espionage tactics to obtain Enetron, using some of it to bring Metaloids to life through his laptop and a series of Metavirus cards.
After the debut of Go-Buster Oh, Enter resolves to focus his goal on increasing the number of created Metaloids in order to transport more Megazords into the city to speed up his agenda.
After his scheme with reverse engineering the BC-04 Beetle's blueprints failed, Enter's replication of the Filmzord's ability to install projectors of subspace in the other Megazords to placate Messiah's rapidly waning patience resulted with Escape's creation as Enter is relegated to Megazord transporting and Enetron theft.
By that time, discarding his coat and taking up a sword, Enter becomes serious as he fights the Go-Busters to keep them from entering subspace and then pilot the Megazord Type Epsilon to stop Go-Buster Ace from destroying Messiah's core.
Unfortunately after the battle, now acting on his own whim, Enter reveals that he was actually creating back-ups of Messiah's data while leading Vaglass in his place.
His fight with Red Buster also convinced Enter that humans can not be underestimated as he intends to take Hiromu's data to fully grasp the human spirit as part of his ultimate plan: evolving into a new Messiah.
To that end, scattering the other Messiah cards to the wind and placing Messiah Card 13 into Hiromu's body, Enter advanced himself with Messiah Card 04 and gained the ability to transform into , able to overpower the Go-Busters' Powered Custom forms and took Messiah Card 07 to absorbed for both leverage and speeding up his evolution.
Though seemingly killed by Escape when she learned his intentions, Enter is recreated with his power magnified to the point of infecting non-human organic life forms with Metaviruses.
By them, Enter reveals that his immortality is the result of final Messiah Card in Hiromu serving as his back up as he can be recreated from the moment of destruction.
Because the card is in Hiromu's body, Enter begins to copy the human's data to not only know everything about him, but also transform himself into a dark version of Red Buster called .
Once able to assimilate humans, Enter reaches the final stages of his evolution as the Go-Busters pull off a risky gambit to take him into the unstable Subspace to stop him once and far all.
After Messiah Card 13 removed from Hiromu's body, Enter no longer has any back-up or a trump card with Messiah Card 07.
Following the destruction of Megazord Omega, Enter faces the Go-Busters for the final time but finds himself overpowered as Red Buster tells him that failed to truly understand humans' greatest strength is their friendship and imperfections.
After being fatally wounded by the Volcanick All Busters Attack and no means to escape his permanent death, Enter explodes into bits of data with his human victims restored.
Escape was created to take over Enter's duty to cause human suffering after Messiah was unsatisfied with results, telling him that he should just stick to transporting Megazords and siphoning Enetron.
Her weapons of choice are her twin machine pistols with dog-headed charms , reflecting Hiromu's mother being one of the scientists that Escape was designed after.
Unlike Enter, who is more reserved and cautious in his endeavors, Escape is a strong female type who delights in fighting strong opponents and actively fights the Go-Busters simply for pleasure rather than for any objective, finding an ideal opponent in Blue Buster while under the influence of his Weakpoint.
After Red Buster destroys Messiah while the others destroy Messiah Cell, an angry Escape flees and resurfaces after learning of Enter's plans for Messiah.
Later on, when the Go-Busters unlock their Powered Custom, she becomes really eager to fight them, getting her wish when she faces Ryuji in his powered up form.
This results in Gog and Magog being destroyed (though she repairs them later on) and Escape's data critically damaged while being satisfied with the fight.
However, wanting to keep the remaining Messiah Metaloids alive so Messiah can be reborn, Escape risks her very being when upgrading herself with the ability to transform into .
Though she follows him because he possesses a Messiah Card, Escape betrays Enter once she obtains Megazord Zeta and learns that he has no intent to recreate Messiah as he originally was.
Using Megazord Zeta to crush Enter, Escape resolves to recreate Messiah as she remembers, only to be absorbed by her creator once she had outlived her use to him.
Once Enter has integrated Messiah Card 07 into himself, he is able to create Organic Metaroids, and uses that ability to recreate Escape and assimilated organic life into her data composition.
But the first three versions of Escape, each able to become , are only incomplete copies of the original with limited intelligence and comprehension as they are created from back-up data of Escape predating her time of creation.
This resulted in the creation of an Escape from a snake who is extremely mentally unstable due to her composition being corrupted beyond Enter's ability to repair.
Reverted to her original form, Escape dissolves with Blue Buster giving her peace of mind that she made her papa proud.
The are Vaglass's robotic warriors, created when an item is infected with a , a fragment of Messiah's data that mimics its inorganic assimilation and morphs an infected object into an artificial life form.
The purpose of a Metaloid is to function as a beacon, allowing a Megazord to appear within a radius of 3 kilometers due to a margin of error caused by the teleportation process.
However, this is not limited to the ground as Megazords can transport underground and in the sky and more often than not, the Vaglass can take advantage of the area around the beacon.
In battle, the sole purpose of a Metaloid was to originally deal with the Go-Busters for as long as possible so the Megazord can appear and siphon Enetron.
However, when Messiah creates Escape, the Metaloids are given the new objective to cause as much human suffering as they can.
The twelve are Metaloids created from the , the backup data of Messiah, which activate on their terms after Enter scattered them to the four winds to select their vessels and siphon a nearby Enetron source.
The Messiah Metaloids' ultimate goal is to absorb enough data to become powerful enough that the Go-Busters could not destroy them while Messiah would be fully reborn through one of them.
However, the true nature of the Messiah Metaloids is to transmit copies of the data they have amassed into Messiah Card 13 as part of Enter's masterplan.
Through upgrading himself with two Messiah Cards, Enter can create Metaloids from organic beings, though they have to be in contact with an inanimate object infected with a Metavirus for it to happen.
Placed in storage, a Megazord can be retrieved and modified after a Metaloid's Metavirus is downloaded into it, reformatting it to possess the same attributes as its source.
Once the download is complete, a Megazord is then teleported from subspace into the city to go after the Enetron tanks, siphoning the energy and transferring it to Messiah.
There are different base bodies of the Megazords, of which there is the fast-moving that uses Bugzords in a fight, the brutish and the multi-purpose .
Many of the Megazords are deployed to fight Great Go-Buster when it entered subspace, all of them destroyed in the process.
Like normal Vaglass Megazords, the Messiah Megazords use different base bodies of the Megazords, with the destructive Type Delta model added to the list.
It was released in August 2003, it peaked at number 15 on the ARIA Charts; becoming the band's highest charting album.
The album was promoted with a national tour, appearances on multiple TV and radio shows, as well as playing supports or acts including The Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Swervedriver, The Beasts of Bourbon, Powderfinger and Jet.
It all sounds great in the end but there was so much trial by fire and so much discipline which we'd never really encountered before; never put ourselves through before.
O'Connell Street is the main north–south route through North Adelaide, South Australia and is heavily-trafficked by north-suburban commuters to Adelaide city centre.
It is considered to be one of two major shopping and dining strips within North Adelaide, the other being Melbourne Street.
The street was named on 23 May1837 at a meeting between the Governor John Hindmarsh, the Colonial Secretary Robert Gouger and several advisers including judge John Jeffcott.
It has been suggested that it was not named, as might have been presumed, for Irish political leader and Catholic emancipist Daniel O'Connell who was then at the peak of his career, but his son parliamentarian Maurice O'Connell, a fellow student of Jeffcott's at Trinity College and fellow expatriate of Tralee, Kerry.
Originally, Jeffcott Street was intended to be the main north–south thoroughfare through North Adelaide, but drainage problems in the vicinity led to the opening up of the link through Brougham Gardens from King William Street and the resultant access to enter Adelaide city most directly from the north via O'Connell Street.
Lechmere was born at Hanley Castle on 8 September 1747, the son of Edmund Lechmere (1710–1805), and his first wife Elizabeth Charlton.
Lechmere was elected MP for Worcester in 1790 as a supporter of the government of William Pitt the Younger, and initially supported the government.
By 1795 he had turned against the government, voting against the King's Speech (29 October 1795), against the Seditious Meetings Act 1795 (10 November 1795), for peace negotiation (15 February 1796), against the loans (26 February 1796), for inquiry into the national finances (10 March 1796), and against the conduct of the war (10 May 1796).
The 55th Academy of Country Music Awards will be held at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada on April 5, 2020.
The vehicle was introduced through a series of teasers on January 30, 2020, with a full market launch scheduled for the Super Bowl LIV on February 2, 2020.
Production of the Hummer was eventually discontinued in 2009 due to rising fuel costs that led to dwindling demands, but GM retained the intellectual property rights for the Hummer name after its discontinuation.
Leveraging on Hummer's brand recognition and GM's distribution network, the re-launched Hummer will be an environmentally friendly electric vehicle (EV) and GM's foray into the nascent EV truck market.
The vehicle will be marketed and sold through GMC dealerships, and will spawn at least two variants, a truck and an SUV.
The Hummer EV is reported to have 1,000 horsepower, generating 11,500 lb-ft torque from four electric motors, one on each wheel.
This will be followed up with the first marketing launch with Super Bowl ads on February 2 with LeBron James as the spokesperson.
The legislative changes introduced by the Act reflected the changing attitudes to Aboriginal people and the passage of the 1967 Australian referendum.
The new Act established Aboriginal Welfare Services in the NSW Department of Child Welfare and Social Welfare; a Directorate of Aboriginal Welfare and the Aborigines Advisory Council.
Her novels have mostly appeared in one of four series, each with its own sleuthing protagonist: Vejay Haskell, Jill Smith, Kiernan O'Shaughnessy, or Darcy Lott.
Before becoming a full-time writer in 1984, she was a social worker in Baltimore (1966–67), New York City (1967), and Contra Costa County, California (1968–84).
Mengeary Point () is a cape which marks the northern entrance to Port William and the southern entrance to the Berkeley Sound, on the east coast of East Falkland, Falkland Islands.
The river, which is part of the catchment area of the Uruguay River, rises northeast of Cerro Santa Blanca or southeast of Cerro del Escondite in the area of the Paysandú Department.
Cristina Cornejo Amaya (born 10 October 1982) is a Salvadoran lawyer, feminist, and politician of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN).
In 2007, she became a founding member of the Santa Tecla Fútbol Club, an institution that came about at the initiative of former Santa Tecla mayor Oscar Ortiz and local entrepreneurs.
At age 15, Cornejo became a youth leader in La Libertad Department, and in 2009, at 25, she was elected for the first time as an alternate deputy of the Legislative Assembly for the FMLN.
During her three-year term, she was a member of the Youth and Sports Commission and the Legislation and Constitutional Points Commission.
In the same period, she was a founder of the Young People's Parliamentary Group, the first of its kind in Latin America, and was elected as its first president.
After being elected, Cornejo was a vocal proponent of renouncing the benefits of the Assembly, such as bonds, private medical insurance, luxury vans, and other assignments, as an example of austerity and diligence in legislative work.
She was also a member of the ParlAmericas Council, a representative body of 22 countries of the Americas and the Caribbean, from 2018 to 2020.
The album is said to incorporate a range of sounds from 19th century choral symphonies to 20th century film soundtracks to the latest albums by Bjork, Nick Cave and theredsunband.
At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006 Lindsay Gravina and Magic Dirt were nominated for ARIA Award for Producer of the Year for their work on this album.
Michael G. Sotirhos (November 12, 1928 Manhattan – April 14, 2019 Florida) was the first Greek-American who in 1989 became a U.S.
Its programming consists of the repetition of Argentine programs of channels like Ciudad Magazine and El Trece, in addition to some of Channel 10.
In 1991, after 23 years, the channel was renamed Channel 7 Cerro Pan de Azúcar, and exchanged frequencies with the then Channel 7 TeleRocha, leaving it on frequency 9 and Channel 9 on 7, extending the coverage of the channel to more departments with the incorporation of the same Rocha, Lavalleja, Florida, Canelones, San José, part of Durazno and Treinta y Tres since July 7, 1991.
In December 2014, the channel was sold to the Clarín Group, which had subsequently taken control of the commercial area of the channel, renewing it in the graphic and programmatic aspects.
The Jean Monnet 2 building (also known as JMO2) is a future office complex for the European Commission under construction on Boulevard Konrad Adenauer in the European district of the Luxembourg City quarter of Kirchberg, Luxembourg.
The complex is to be composed of a welcome pavilion and two office buildings to be completed in two phases respectively; an 8 storey 180 metre (m) long block and a 24 storey tower, connected at the basement and second storey levels.
The first Jean Monnet building, opened in 1975, was demolished between 2016 and 2019, after exceeding its lifespan, and following the discovery of airborne traces of asbestos.
Upon completion, the Jean Monnet 2 building will enable the European Commission to consolidate the majority of its Luxembourg-based staff on one site.
The European Commission's presence in Luxembourg City goes back to 1952, when the city was chosen as the provisional work place of the Commission's forerunner, the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
In 1961, the Luxembourg government began promoting the Luxembourg City quarter of Kirchberg as a basis for European institutions, with the founding of the Kirchberg Plateau Development Fund (or Kirchberg Fund) — an urban development body of the government.
In the early 1970's, construction began on the first Jean Monnet building (JMO1), commissioned by the Luxembourg government on land owned by the Fund, with its aim being to consolidate all the European Commission's existing Luxembourg based staff onto one site.
However, the building was constructed with an intended lifespan of just 25 years, and additionally, was planned to accommodate the staffing requirements of a European Communities of just 9 states and a Commission of more limited responsibilities.
The European Council's decision, taken in Edinburgh in 1992, to codify the Commission's workplaces as Brussels and Luxembourg City, led to discussions, starting in 1994 on renovating the Jean Monnet building, and finding more suitable premises across the city to accommodate staffing needs.
The Commission's need for more office accommodation intensified following the 2004 EU enlargement from 15 to 25 states, and the subsequent increase in staff numbers.
A 2007 policy communication from the Commission's Office of Infrastructure and Logistics, stated that, at the time of publication, the Commission occupied 5 office premises in Luxembourg City; 2 in Kirchberg, and 3 in Gasperich.
It said that the institution was making inefficient use of office space across the city, with the occupation of too many smaller office premises; it was spending too much money on the rental of properties; its staff was spread out too far from other supporting services such as crèches and schooling; and the current Jean Monnet building was ill-equipped to handle the hosting the Commission's IT and data services.
To that end, the communication stated that Commission policy would be to push for a total rebuild of the then existing Jean Monnet building, with the Commission taking ownership of the future property.
In 2010 the Luxembourg government launched an international architectural competition for the design of the new building, with architectural firm JSWD Architekten's design unanimously awarded first prize by jurors.
However, due to a dispute between the Luxembourg Ministry of Sustainable Development and JSWD Architekten over contractual fees, the runner-up design by KSP Jurgen Engel Architekten was later selected.
The main block and tower will be linked at the basement level and via an enclosed footbridge connecting their second storeys.
The ground floor and first 2 floors of the basement level of the main block will contain all facilities open to resident Commission employees, inter-institutional employees and visitors.
Logistical services associated with running the building, including, amongst others, the postal sorting room and changing rooms for service staff will be mainly located on the first basement floor of the main block, whilst the basement levels of the tower will hold the office complexes' archiving facilities.
The design includes, amongst other energy efficiency features, triple-glazed windows, radiant ceiling panels, offices designed to optimise the use of natural light, an all LED artificial lighting installation, and roof mounted photovoltaic panels.
The building will occupy a plot of land along Boulevard Konrad Adenauer, which forms its northern edge, and is bordered by rue Erasme to the east, and rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry to the south, which will be extended to border the complex to west and meet with Boulevard Konrad Adenauer.
The site combines some of the plot of the previous Jean Monnet building, on which the tower will sit, with an adjacent former open air car park to the east, where the main block will sit.
Rue Albert Wehrer, which currently intersects the site, will be converted for pedestrian use only and made a part of the complexes' forecourt.
To the building's southwest, along Boulevard Konrad Adenauer is the seat of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and to its south, across rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry is the IAK building, currently occupied by the European Investment Bank.
Further to the south are located the seat of the European Court of Auditors, and the Konrad Adenauer building, housing the European Parliament's secretariat.
A 2015 memorandum of understanding between the Luxembourg government and the European Commission aimed for October 2020 as the target date for the completion of phase 1 of the new building.
However, revisions to the security concept for the building and changes related to data centre space, introduced in December 2016, set the target date for completion of phase 1 of the building back to February 2023, though phase 2 is expected to be completed in February 2024, ahead of schedule.
Around 400 tonnes of aluminium, 150 tonnes of glass and 45 tonnes of wood were recycled from the structure in the process.
Preparatory work began in March 2018, and a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of new building was held on 4 June 2018 in the presence of Mayor of Luxembourg City, Lydie Polfer, European Commissioner, Günther Oettinger, Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Xavier Bettel and Luxembourg Minister for Infrastructure, François Bausch.
The JMO2's design team conists of KSP Jürgen Engel Architekten as the lead architectural firm, civil engineering by Bollinger+Grohmann Ing and services engineering by EDEIS.
This will initially be borne by the Luxembourg government, and reimbursed from the EU budget upon the handing over of the completed phases.
The land on which the building stands , which has an estimated market value of 300 million euros, was sold by the Luxembourg government to the Commission for the symbolic price of 1 euro.
At the end of phase 1 of the construction process all those staff currently in the Bech, Ariane, Drosbach, and Hitec buildings, located elsewhere in Luxembourg City, will be relocated to the JMO2, followed by those in the Laccolith, and T2 buildings at the end of phase 2.
Like the original complex, the new building will bear the name of EU founding father, and first President of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community, Jean Monnet.
Bicycle parking facilities for approximately 160 bicycles will be installed in the tower building, with the Luxembourg City authorities aiming to improve the network of bike paths to the site.
The club, which occupies a former schoolhouse, is operated by Post CS BV, the company also responsible for the since-closed nightclub Trouw.
The club has hosted artists such as DJ Sprinkles, Theo Parrish, Cinnaman, Wata Igarashi, and I-F. De School's nightclub, housed in the former school's bicycle storage room, has a capacity of 700 and has a 24-hour license.
On 13 August 2019, Plomer signed a professional contract with Leganés B. Plomer made his professional with Leganés in a 5-0 Copa del Rey loss to FC Barcelona on 30 January 2020.
Alejandro Magno Trujillo Obreke (March 26, 1952–January 6, 2020) was a Chilean professional footballer who played mainly as a forward for Unión Española, O'Higgins and Audax Italiano during the 1970s.
He eventually joined the youth ranks of Universidad Católica, spending a short time with them before joining the Unión Española academy when he moved to Conchalí with his family.
After disagreements with head coach Néstor Isella over his maturity that resulted in his benching, he made the move to O'Higgins in 1973, where he made an immediate impact.
In his first season with the team, he scored 16 goals, finishing as the league's fifth-leading goalscorer as O'Higgins finished in fourth place.
He scored 14 league goals the following year (and 24 overall), cementing himself as one of the country's most talented young forwards.
He scored seven goals in the tournament, including the game-tying goal against Universitario in the second round that sent his team to the finals, where they lost to Argentine champs Independiente.
He made two further appearances for Chile during the 1974 , the name given to the home-and-away series between Chile and Argentina that was played in the 1960s and 1970s.
L'Islet was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, north-east of Quebec City.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
L'Islet electoral district was located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence, to the north-east of Quebec City (now in L'Islet Regional County Municipality).
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
A left-handed player from Johannesburg, Chappell reached a career best singles ranking of 195 in the world and qualified for the main draw of the 1977 Wimbledon Championships.
As both a DJ and producer, Ingram specializes in futuristic electro, preferring fast tempos and inventive beat patterns to more accessible, club-friendly rhythms.
Taught how to DJ by Kenny Dixon, Jr. (Moodymann) in the mid-80s, he gradually developed and perfected his dense, high-speed mixing style, DJing at biker bars (such as The Outcast) in Detroit.
In the late 80's while working in the record shop Buy Rite music he met the late James Stinson of Drexciya and eventually became friends.
This is also when he started to use his signature balaclava, which at first was supposed to be the same Underground Resistance mask used by the rest of the crew.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives for the first time in 2018, from District 75.
He then worked as a research associate within the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.
Gerhold began his campaign in February 2018, ran unopposed in the Republican Party primary, and subsequently won the November 2018 general elections to succeed the retiring Dawn Pettengill of District 75, defeating Democratic Party candidate Paula Denison, and Libertarian Party candidate John George.
In her lifetime, she published over eighty short stories, one novel, three historical books, several historical articles, and four edited collections.
Little Matterhorn is a mountain summit located in the Lewis Range, of Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Little Matterhorn has an alpine climate characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.
Like other mountains in Glacier National Park, Little Matterhorn is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods.
Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks thick, wide and long over younger rock of the cretaceous period.
Matt Falk (born 1989) is a Canadian stand-up comedian from Niverville, Manitoba known for his clean comedy and for being one of very few Mennonite stand-up comedians.
Falk grew up in a Mennonite family in southern Manitoba and began performing at Rumors Comedy Club in Winnipeg in 2008, the youngest comedian to do so.
He later placed second at the World Series of Comedy and has performed at the Winnipeg Comedy Festival, Halifax Comedy Festival and the Just for Laughs Festival.
In individuals unable to undergo surgery, there may be a role for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided ablation with alcohol lavage with paclitaxel injection.
A study in 2012 found that amongst individuals undergoing surgical resection of a pancreatic cyst, about 23 percent were mucinous cystic neoplasms.
While recognizing his great talents as a commander, they point out several problems: such as Rommel's involvement with a criminal regime, his political naivete, and that he can not teach the society modern values such as democracy, pacifism, feminism, or critical thinking.
Cornelia Hecht opines that whatever judgement history will pass on Rommel – who was the idol of World War II as well as the integration figure of the post-war Republic – it is now the time in which the Bundeswehr should rely on its own history and tradition, and not any Wehrmacht commander.
, a retired Bundeswehr officer, writes that the maintenance of the Rommel barracks' names and the definition of Rommel as a German resistance fighter are capitulation before neo-Nazi tendencies.
Heiducoff agrees with Bundeswehr generals that Rommel was one of the greatest strategists and tacticians, both in theory and practice, and a victim of contemporary jealous colleagues, but argues that such a talent for aggressive, destructive warfare is not a suitable model for the Bundeswehr, a primarily defensive army.
Heiducoff criticizes Bundeswehr generals for pressuring the Federal Ministry of Defence into making decisions in favour of the man who they openly admire.
The Green Party's position is that Rommel was not a war criminal but still had entanglements with war crimes, and that he could not be the Bundeswehr's role model.
Historian Michael Wolffsohn supports the Ministry of Defense's decision to continue recognition of Rommel, although he thinks the focus should be put on the later stage of Rommel's life, when he began thinking more seriously about war and politics, and broke with the regime.
According to authors like Ulrich vom Hagen and Sandra Mass though, the Bundeswehr (as well as NATO) deliberately endorses the ideas of chivalrous warfare and apolitical soldiering associated with Rommel.
He also considers Rommel's other virtues and military capability to be important, since membership of the resistance does not help modern soldiers in Mali.
Historian Hannes Heer argues that Rommel was not a resistance fighter yet, and that membership of the resistance, instead of secondary virtues and military capability, should be the only touchstone of commemoration.
Historian opines that instead of being the symbol for an alternative Germany, Rommel should be the symbol for the willingness of the military elites to become instrumentalised by the Nazi authorities.
As for whether he can be treated as a military role model, Hürter writes that each soldier can decide on that matter for themselves.
Historian argues that it is totally conceivable that the Resistance saw Rommel as someone with whom they could build a new Germany.
According to Piper though, Rommel was a loyal national socialist without crime rather than a democrat, thus unsuitable to hold a central place among role models, although he can be integrated as a major military leader.
The Field Marshal Rommel Barracks, Augustdorf stresses his leadership and performance as worthy of tradition and identity, establishing, among other things, no proven war crime as a reason to keep the name.
The Sanitary Regiment 3, stationed at the Rommel Barracks in Dornstadt, also desires (almost unanimously, as revealed by an interdepartmental opinion poll) to keep the name.
The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Armed Forces Hans-Peter Bartels (SPD) supports the keeping of the name and the tradition associated with Rommel, but notes that the reasons should not be his initial successes in the North African campaign (1940-1943), or that the former adversary armies have continued to worship him until this day.
Bartels adds that Rommel, who probably supported the Resistance, is a borderline case, regarding which historians find it hard to ascertain, and German history is full of such ambiguities.
In early 2017, the German Federal Ministry of Defence, in response to a petition championed by historian Wolfgang Proske and backed by politicians from the Left Party, defended the naming of barracks after Rommel, with the justification that the current state of research does not support their allegations.
The political scientist and politician criticises the Ministry's undeterred attitude to the fact Rommel was at least near-Nazi and did serve the unjust regime, and comments that the association of Rommel with the spirit of the Bundeswehr is not new, but they did not expect that the Federal Ministry of Defence, without providing at least a bibliography, would declare him a victim of the regime as well.
The Milowitz Division was established at Milowitz training field on 27 January 1944 and was then sent to the Eastern Front, where its members were assigned to replenish the 320th Infantry Division, 106th Infantry Division and 389th Infantry Division.
On October 19, 2014, while driving in an armored diplomatic convoy in South Sudan, a South Sudanese soldier fired two bullets at close range into a U.S. Embassy vehicle., At the time, Twining was the Chargé d'Affaires.
The highest-ranking American diplomat to serve in Cambodia since the mid-1970's, Twining went on record saying that while he did not think the Khmer Rouge would return to power, he would not rule it out.
On November 8, 1904, Jenks was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 20th district from January 4, 1905 to 1908.
The area is South-East of İstiklal Caddesi at a valley with a view on Bosphorus, not far from Galatasaray Square and between the quarters Tomtom and Cihangir.
During the Conquest of Constantinople (1453) Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror is said to have initiated a Friday prayer in the valey depresseion.
The current wooden structure was built between 1541 and 1547 under the architect Mimar Sinan on behalf of Shaikh al-Islam Çivizade Hacı Mehmed Efendi.
In the 19th century, starting from the İstiklal Caddesi - boulevard Pera s civic houses mainly European Revivalist style also expanded to Çukurcuma.
In addition to ethnic Turks, not only Armenians and Greeks lived in the district, but also Western Europeans, who established schools, hospitals and diplomatic missions here and in the neighboring districts.
The district has retained a certain multicultural European character and is known for its antique shops and cafes and is sometimes referred to as the Bohème district.
In 2012, Pamuk opened the museum of the same name in the district, which was designed by the German Sunder-Plassmann architects.
Lisanne Rosalie Desiree de Lange (born 31 March 1994) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands, who plays as a forward.
In 2013, de Lange was a member of the Netherlands senior national team at the 2012–13 FIH World League Final in San Miguel de Tucumán.
The Act gave the Board for the Protection of Aborigines control of the Aboriginal Reserves in New South Wales and the lives of the people who lived on the reserves.
Amendments to the Act in 1915 gave the Aborigines Protection Board in New South Wales broad powers to remove Aboriginal children from their families resulting in the Stolen Generations.
The Act gave the Board for the Protection of Aborigines control of the Aboriginal Reserves and the lives of the Aboriginal people who lived on the reserves.
Griffith was appointed by Maryland governor Larry Hogan after Andrew Cassilly resigned the seat to become a senior advisor to Hogan.
On November 3, 1868, Jenks was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 24th district from January 6, 1869 to 1872.
Nguyễn Như Huân, known later in life as Thái Hà (18 December 1922 - 12 October 2005), was a celebrated Vietnamese lacquer artist whose career spanned the First Indochina War and the Second Indochina War.
From 1964 until 1975, he was commissioned by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) government to set up and manage the liberty art department in South Vietnam.
During this time, he lived and worked in South Vietnam's southern provinces, particularly Cà Mau, organising art classes for the National Liberation Front (NLF) and the People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF).
His works became some of the most widely published images of the Vietnam War by North Vietnamese artists, along side others such as Huỳnh Phương Đông, Trang Phượng and Nguyễn Thanh Châu.
He an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and formerly served as dean of the School of Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University.
He is a member of the Chinese Materials Research Society (C-MRS), Chinese Society for Composite Materials (CSCM), and Chinese Society for Metals (CSM).
After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he graduated from Luoyang Agricultural Machinery College (now Henan University of Science and Technology) in January 1982.
He enrolled at the Harbin Institute of Technology where he received his master's degree in 1984 and his doctor's degree in 1991 under the supervision of Huo Wencan () and Wang Zhongren () both in plastic processing.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 2018, succeeding Zach Nunn in District 30.
In September 2012, Lohse and his wife Mary won an Iowa Powerball lottery jackpot of $202 million, the state's second largest Powerball jackpot.
With the winnings, the couple established the Lohse Family Foundation, funded the construction of a high school football stadium, and opened a grocery store in their hometown of Bondurant, Iowa.
Brian Lohse served on the Bondurant City Council for eight years before contesting Zach Nunn's open Iowa House of Representatives seat in District 30 as a Republican Party candidate.
This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament of Bangladesh) by Bangladeshi constituencies for the 9th Parliament of the Bangladesh.
It includes both MPs elected at the 2008 general election, held on 30 December 2018, and nominated women's members for reserved seat and those subsequently elected in by-elections.
It was dissolved on 4 July 1977 by the Royal Decree 1558/77, being merged with the Ministry of Defence as part of the transition.
During the Second Spanish Republic there had been the , an agency that had both military and civil aviation under its jurisdiction, but it disappeared after the start of the Spanish Civil War.
The Ministry of the Air Force was defined and regulated by Law of 8 August 1939, whose organization and functions were delimited by Decree of 1 September 1939.
At the beginning of World War II the new Air Force had 14 regiments and 3 groups, composed in turn by 172 fighters and 164 bombers of different types, along with 82 assisting planes and 75 other devices of different types captured from the Spanish Republican Air Force.
The reports issued by the General Staff, however, left in evidence the bad state in which the airplanes were, the lack of spare parts and fuel.
In the end, the project to expand the Air Force was a failure given the situation in the country, and Yagüe was dismissed and replaced by General Juan Vigón.
Since 1940, different locations in Madrid were searched for the future headquarters of the Ministry, and after several options a site in the district of Moncloa-Aravaca was chosen.
The lots are acquired by the City Council of Madrid, under then Mayor of Madrid Alberto Alcocer y Ribacoba; General Vigón instructed architect Luis Gutiérrez Soto on the renovation of the area and the design of the new building.
The Ministry was abolished by the Royal Decree 1558/77 of 4 July 1977, when Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez created the Ministry of Defence as part of his second government, which integrated the ministries of the Army, Navy and Air Force during the transition, following the 1977 general election.
Kaveri Priyam did her schooling from St. Xavier school from Jharkhand she did her higher education from vellor institute of technology from Tamil Nadu.
After that, she also has seen in Nagin 2, Savdhaan India, Kaveri made her Bollywood debut with the movie Tishnagi currently she is playing the supporting role in Star Plus show Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke.
In 1977, a non-statutory NSW Aboriginal Land Council was established as a specialist Aboriginal lobby on land rights representing more than 200 Aboriginal community representatives.
The Select Committee inquired into the causes of the socio-economic disadvantages of Aboriginal people, including housing, health, education, employment, welfare and cultural issues; government arrangements in Aboriginal affairs and their effectiveness as well as land rights for Aboriginal people.
Key recommendations from the Inquiry included the establishment of a land rights system in New South Wales supported by Aboriginal Regional Land Councils.
These include the introduction of voluntary Aboriginal Land Agreements, reporting obligations of Local Aboriginal Land Councils, clarification of the functions of Local Aboriginal Land Councils in relation to business enterprises.
The remains of vessels that have been in Australian waters for at least 75 years are automatically protected, along with certain articles associated with them.
The remains of aircraft and certain associated articles that have been in Commonwealth waters for at least 75 years are also automatically protected.
Commonwealth waters extend from waters 3 nautical miles seaward of the baseline of the territorial sea that are adjacent to the States and the Northern Territory; and to the outer limit of Australia's continental shelf.
Regina Lombardo is an American law enforcement official, currently serving as Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
Lombardo served as Acting Deputy Director of the ATF until she was formally nominated to serve as Acting Director by then-Attorney General, Jeff Sessions, on April 24, 2019.
However, if these proteins are removed or made by recombinant technology, they lose their shape and form what is called a post-fusion form.
Pre-fusion proteins (or subunits) from the following viruses have been stabilised in experiments by the molecular clamp technique: measles, HIV, influenza, ebola and RSV.
In the common law tradition, a heartbalm tort or heartbalm action is a civil action that a person may bring to seek monetary compensation for the end or disruption of a romantic or marital relationship.
Of these, criminal conversation and alienation of affection are marital torts, originally restricted to husbands but in many states later made available to spouses regardless of gender.
In England and other common law jurisdictions, additional heartbalm actions were traditionally recognized, such as enticement and wrongful harbouring (tortious refusal to allow a husband to visit a wife who has left him).
In the United States, heartbalm actions were widespread until high-profile stories in the early 20th century about heartbalm claims being abused for blackmail and extortion led to calls for repeal.
Many states that abolished other heartbalm torts retained the tort of seduction, however; of the ten states that had abolished heartbalm actions by 1938, four allowed minors to sue for seduction and three more kept the tort of seduction intact.
Following a report by the Law Reform Committee in 1963, England abolished all of the traditional heartbalm torts (excluding loss of consortium) by statute in 1970.
In the United States, as of 2016, eight states still allow heartbalm actions: Hawaii, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Utah.
He has acted in more than 500 films Apoorva Ragangal, Karotti Kannan, Priya, Vellai Roja,Yettikki Potti, Apoorva Sagodharargal, Enna Petha Rasa and Pokkiri.
Raghabpur is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Raghabpur had a total population of 5,748, of which 3,003 (52%) were males and 2,745 (48%) were females.
Among the medical facilities it had 1 hospital with 10 beds, 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 maternity and child welfare centre and 5 medicine shops.
Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, 1 middle school, the nearest secondary school, senior secondary school, 1 general degree college at Purulia 0.5 km away.
Due to the imprisonment of Pope Pius VII by Napoleon Bonaparte, papal approval of this decision did not take place until March 15, 1814.
Billy the Kid's Smoking Guns is a 1942 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Milton Raison and George Wallace Sayre.
The Chinese Materials Research Society (; abbreviated C-MRS) is a professional body and learned society in the field of materials science and engineering in China, founded on May 16, 1991.
As of 2019, the society has 9 subordinate working committees, 22 branches, 184 unit members and more than 8,000 individual members.
It is a constituent of the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) and a member of the International Union of Materials Research Society (IUMRS).
It aims at promoting the research and development of all kinds of advanced materials, and striving to promote the practical application of new materials, new processes and new technologies in the industry.
Emily A. Weiss is the Mark and Nancy Ratner Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Photo-Sciences Research Center at Northwestern University.
She moved to Northwestern University for her graduate studies, where she earned her doctoral degree under the supervision of Mark Ratner in 2005.
She was promoted to Professor in 2015, the Dow Chemical Company Chair in 2015 and the Mark and Nancy Ratner Professor in 2018.
These nanoparticles make use of light to activate surface molecules, which fuse together and form large molecules that can be useful in biology.
In this capacity Weiss looks to develop new molecular materials through the use of electron ratchets, which switch systems between two electronic states (one where electrons are evenly diffuse and one where they produce a net current).
Codenamed the HBJ6460, the van was originally called the Shuanghuan Laifu, with the front cab design heavily resembling a fifth generation 1992 Toyota Hilux.
A facelift changed the model name to Shuanghuan Laiwang, with the front cab design heavily resembling a first generation Honda CR-V.
The engine options of the Laibao Laiwang includes a 2.0 liter inline-four engine producing and of torque, and a 2.2 liter inline-four engine producing and of torque, with all engines mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox.
Serge Bando N'Gambé (born 11 May 1988 in Cameroon) is a French footballer who now plays for Fleury 91 in his home country.
After that, he played for Kazakh club Irtysh Pavlodar, and French clubs JA Drancy and Fleury 91, where he now plays.
The ORA R1 is a city car presented and produced by Great Wall Motors under the electric vehicle sub-brand, ORA since 2019.
According to Great Wall Motors, ORA stands for ‘open, reliable and alternative’ and is aimed at the young and upcoming city dweller.
The lithium-ion battery of the ORA R1 can propel the vehicle up to 102 km/hr and has an NEDC range of up to .
The Great Wall Motors has announced it's introduction in India with its Haval and ORA brands, with the ORA R1 being one of the first models to be introduced in India.
The ORA R1 is priced between 59,800 and 77,800 yuan ($8,680 to US$11,293), making the R1 the world's cheapest electric car as of 2019.
Daniel Štefulj (born 8 November 1999) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a left back for HNK Rijeka in the Croatian First Football League.
The Triumphal Arch of Vallareso, or locally referred to as the Arco Vallareso is a 17th-century monumental arch in the town center of Padua, region of Veneto, Italy.
In 1632, the arch, designed by Giambattista della Scala, was meant to honor Alvise Vallaresso, Venetian captain of the town, for his diligence in attempting to stem the Bubonic plague in Padua.
The arch, is a marble facade with an open portal facing the Piazza of the Padua Cathedral, to the left of the church when exiting.
Historians recall that Vallaresso did not flinch at imposing measures to stop the spread of the disease, such as quarantine of the sick, burials outside of the wall, and utilizing the local lazzaretto to isolate some of the ill.
Liu Zhengdong (; born October 1966) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as deputy chief engineer of China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group and chief specialist of Central Iron and Steel Research Institute.
After completing his master's degree in heat treatment of metal at Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, he attended the University of British Columbia where he obtained his doctor's degree in ferrous metallurgy in 2001.
Gamamathige Vijitha de Silva (born 5 July 1943 – died 16 October 1992 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Vijitha Mallika, was an award-winning actress in Sri Lankan cinema.
For this, a religious father by the name of Pagna and a religious mother by the name of Mannah had to be named.
However, her destiny was changed after the film, where Mallika was fortunate enough to get major roles in films in following years.
Ranunculus lingua, the greater spearwort, is a plant species in the family Ranunculaceae native to temperate areas of Europe, Siberia and through to the western Himalaya.
The Virginia Slims of Milwaukee was a women's tennis tournament that took place in Milwaukee, United States and was the only time that a professional tennis tournament took place in Milwaukee and was part of the 1971 Virginia Slims Circuit.
The event took place from January 21 to 24, 1971 and saw Billie Jean King take out the singles and doubles with partner Rosie Casals.
The Economic Survey 2019-20 was tabled during the Budget Session of the Parliament on 31 January 2020 by Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of Finance.
This year the survey was printed in lavender, the same colour as the 100 rupee note, symbolizing the integration of old and new.
The survey covers the economic performance India in 2019-20 including fiscal developments, external sector developments, monetary management and financial intermediation, inflation, sustainable development and climate change, agriculture and food management, industry and infrastructure, services sector, social infrastructure, employment and human development.
Some of the key points raised by the survey were the need for grassroots entrepreneurship, pro-business and pro-market differentiation, policies that do not undermine the markets, job and growth creation, improving the ease of doing business in India, creation of early warning health system for the NBFC sector, privatization and Thalinomics.
Good Luck Sakhi is a 2020 Indian upcoming Telugu-language sports romcom directed by Nagesh Kukunoor starring Keerthy Suresh, Jagapathi Babu and Aadhi Pinisetty.
Kukunoor wanted Keerthy Suresh after watching her in Mahanati.The film was officially announced on April 27,2019.The first schedule was started in April 2019 in Hyderabad.
Kaamyaab is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language drama film directed & written by the National Award winner Hardik Mehta, and produced by Red Chillies Entertainment and Drishyam Films.
He decides to come out of his retirement to complete the round figure of 500 and get that one substantial role for which he will be remembered forever.
Kaamyaab (English title: Round Figure) features veteran actor Sanjay Mishra who himself has played typical side roles in many Hindi movies and with this film he gets a titular role like never before.
Presented by Red Chillies Entertainment, a Drishyam Films production, the film is produced by Gauri Khan, Manish Mundra & Gaurav Verma, and directed by Hardik Mehta.
After graduating at the top of her class at Centerville High School, she attended the University of Georgia on a full scholarship (1946, home economics) and studied at Teachers College, Columbia University.
Following her marriage to George Marsh Sr., the family moved to Atlanta where Marsh and her husband took night classes at the Woodrow Wilson College of Law; in 1951 she was admitted to the Georgia Bar.
Marsh was appointed judge of College Park's municipal court by the city's mayor, Ralph Presley, in 1971, becoming only the third female judge in Georgia.
She helped write a law manual for traffic court judges, and in 1979 she was a member of the Judicial Council of Georgia, where she was the only woman on the 24-member Judicial Planning Committee.
During her lifetime, Marsh received multiple recognitions and awards, including the WSB Radio 750 Award (1973), South Fulton's Influential Top 10 (1986), and the Elbert County Chamber's Native Citizen Award (2004).
Allied Fiber is an American telecommunications company specializing in fiber optics, telecommunications towers and colocation centres founded in 2009 by Hunter Newby and Rory Cutaia.
Allied Fiber was founded in 2009 by CEO Hunter Newby and former executive chairman Rory J. Cutaia, who had previously founded Telx Technologies.
Jason Cohen joined the company as COO and president later that year, and Patrick became vice president of engineering and construction that year.
The company also launched the Dark Fiber Community, an online portal which connected vendors such as Cisco Systems, Lee Technologies, Dialectic Networks, and Universal Networking Services.
Allied Fiber spent over $20 million to construct a dark fiber in the Northeastern United States, but the venture was unsuccessful.
The company, which runs dark fibre lines through railroad tracks, made a deal with Norfolk Southern Railway and other east-coast rails in 2010 to build a new network of dark fibre lines running from New York City, Chicago and Ashburn, VA.
In November 2010, after the completion of the New York-Virginia network, Allied Fiber announced plans to build another network running through smaller cities like Altoona, Pennsylvania, Edinburgh, Ohio and South Bend, Indiana.
On November 13, 2013, Allied Fiber, LLC launched it national dark fibre and colocation network, with new facilities in West Palm Beach, Florida.
In October 2015, Cable & Wireless Communications announced that it would be renting dark fibre cables from Allied Fiber as part of its plans to upgrade their submarine communications cables in North and Central America.
The bankruptcy was filed by the company's senior lender without the knowledge of Allied Fiber's management, and the bankruptcy claim cited low profits and high operating costs.
Île du Belvédère is a island located on the lake of Parc des Buttes Chaumont, in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.
Covering an area of around , it is connected to the bank by two bridges: to the west by Pont des Suicidés, made of stone, and to the south by a hanging walkway, made of wood.
It was built in 1866 by Gabriel Davioud and inspired by the temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy; a similar construction, also built by Davioud, is found in the Bois de Vincennes on Île de Reuilly.
The 2005 PGA Tour of Australasia was a series of men's professional golf events played mainly in Australia and New Zealand.
The main tournaments on the PGA Tour of Australasia are played in the southern summer so they are split between the first and last months of the year.
Allenby, Fasth, Senden, and Els were either non-members or did not play the minimum number of tournaments required to qualify for the Order of Merit.
On 28 January 2020, it was announced that the song would be performed in the second half of the second semi-final of the contest to be held on 14 May 2020.
The deceased were later identified as Major Naomi Karungi, Commander of the UPDF Bell Jet Ranger Squadron and Cadet Pilot Lieutenant Benon Wakalo, both based at Entebbe Air Force Base.
Located 69 km towards east from the district headquarters Osmanabad, the village is also 16 km from Umarga and 471 km from the state capital Mumbai.
Sundarwadi is surrounded by Åland taluka towards south, Lohara taluka towards north, Åland taluka towards south, Tuljapur taluka towards west, Ausa taluka towards north.
He continued studies at Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), and received a B.F.A degree in 1968 and a MFA degree in 1970, while studying with photographer Harry Callahan.
His work is included in many public collections including the Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM), San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Princeton University Art Museum, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, among others.
He is the current chairman of the China Triumph International Engineering Co., Ltd (CTIEC) and party chief and president of its Bengbu Design & Research Institute for Glass Industry.
He was a delegate to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 12th National People's Congress.
He received his bachelor of engineering degree and master's degree in management from Wuhan University of Technology in 1982 and 2001, respectively.
After graduating in 1982, he was assigned to Bengbu Design & Research Institute for Glass Industry, where he was promoted to the head of its Shenzhen Branch in 1991 and to the president position in August 2000.
Following the participation of the Philippine U22 team in the 2019 Southeast Asian Games which was hosted in the Philippines, it was reported that there were plans to had the national youth team participate in the 2020 season of the Philippines Football League as a guest team.
Having attended Chinese schools from elementary all the way to middle school, Mandarin Chinese served as the main language throughout his education.
In elementary school, he had listened to a lot of covers of Taiwan folk songs by Taiwanese, Singaporean or Malaysian singers.
On top of Rock Records and UFO Records from Taiwan, and music by Hong Kong singers like Alan Tam, Danny Chan, Chelsia Chau Ha Chan, and Anita Mui, Percy is also following western charts like the US Billboard and UK Cashbox.
Referred by Preston Lee, Percy entered the record company Music Impact Entertainment Ltd. as the Assistant Producer upon graduating from college.
The artists he has worked with include Michael Wong, Yoga Lin, Stefanie Sun, Cheer Chen, Fish Leong, Z Chen, Nicholas Teo, Andrew Tan, etc.
On top of that, he also played an important role in supporting Malaysian singers such as Z Chen, Penny Tai, Lawrence Wong, and Morris Pang in entering the greater Asian market.
In 2002, Percy founded Pocket Music, serving as the music coordinator providing services such as song licensing and IP, record productions, TV and commercial music, and other various music production projects.
Other than pop music related businesses, Pocket Music also manages music albums of other genres and purposes, like children's songs, cover albums, spiritual and religious music, and special projects like student music albums collaborating with school magazines.
Regarding songwriting licensing and IP, Percy is keen on developing talents and providing a platform for songwriters from the new generations.
The whole album comprises songs written by Percy, lyrics written by chief editor Ming Sin Shen of Fo Guang Publications, and performed by various Malaysian singers.
On working days, he goes to work no matter how heavy or little the workload is, and gets off at around 6 or 7 pm.
I believe it’s very important to stay focused in my job, and a regular schedule is the best way for me.
While having already achieved certain accomplishments in his career, Percy thinks that his belief and attitude towards music isn't that different from when he just started.
He is not that competitive as he believes that all of the works were done for himself but not to prove to anyone.
As for the future, Percy hopes to explore China and its opportunities that he wants to spend time to develop more and deeper music collaborations with Chinese artists.
Percy understands that it was a sad yet hopeful moment in that he is aware that there might be unstable finances, but his passion towards music has surpassed the fear of the unknown.
Many were encouraged to become celebrities on social media, and we might have to do a lot of other things unrelated to music for better sense of security and accomplishment.
His best performance on the ATP Tour came at the 1992 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse, where he won through to the second round.
Gauthier regularly competed in the singles qualifying draws for grand slam events, but made his only main draw appearance in doubles, as a local wildcard pairing with Guillaume Marx at the 1993 French Open.
Inikkum Ilamai is a 1979 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by M. A. Kaja, starring newcomers Betha Sudhakar and Raadhika, Vijayakanth in lead roles.
The film had musical score by Sankar Ganesh and was released on 16 March 1979.The film was Vijayakanth's debut film as a villain.
Deborah Bräutigam is an American political scientist, currently the Bernard L. Schwartz Professor of Political Economy at Johns Hopkins University and the Director of the China Africa Research Initiative at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.
After completing courses with the Yale-China Association and National Taiwan Normal University, Bräutigam attended Tufts University, receiving an MA in Law and Diplomacy in 1983 followed by a PhD in International Development in 1987.
In 1987 she became a professor at Columbia University, before moving to American University in 1994 and then Johns Hopkins University in 2012.
The book presents data on China's agricultural and commercial investments in Africa, in the context of infrastructural projects as early as the 1960s, and argues that China's engagement with Africa may be genuinely aimed at sharing lessons about economic development and not just at China's narrow commercial interests.
Bräutigam studies the veracity of claims that Chinese corporations have purchased substantial arable land in Africa and populated it with laborers from China, and that these actions have been directed by the government in Beijing with the goal of improving food security in China.
Bräutigam's work has been extensively cited; a 2019 review by Kim and Grofman listed her among the 40 most cited women actively working in political science departments at American universities.
The Chinese Ceramic Society (; abbreviated CCS) of Beijing is a Chinese non-profit professional body and learned society in the field of Chinese ceramics with a focus on scientific research, emerging technologies, and applications in which ceramic materials are an element.
She served as Vice Minister of the International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China, and was a delegate to seven consecutive National People's Congresses, from the 1st to the 7th.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, she joined the Communist Party of China in May 1938, and served as the secretary of the Communist leader Lin Boqu.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, she served as head of the International Liaison Department of the Communist Youth League of China (CYL) and Secretary of the Central Committee of the CYL.
She was appointed Vice Minister of the ILD from February 1978 to April 1982, and then as an advisor to the ILD.
She was also a Standing Committee Member of the 3rd to the 7th NPC, and a member of the 6th and 7th National People's Congress Foreign Affairs Committee.
His best result on the Grand Prix tour was a semi-final appearance at Venice in 1982, after which he reached a career best ranking of 102 in the world.
Joji Ilagan Career Center Foundation, Inc. (doing business as the Joji Ilagan International Schools, and abbreviated as JIB) is a conglomerate of schools under the JIB Group of Companies, based in Davao City, Philippines.
After recently been graduated with a degree in Hotel and Restaurant Administration at the University of the Philippines Diliman, she thought of putting up a vocational school that would give holistic training and was capable of meeting the demand of the job market at that time.
The school eventually moved to its current location in Governor Chavez Street, Davao City and established vocational programs such as Computer Secretarial, Dressmaking, and Hotel and Restaurant Management.
It initially offered a 2-year diploma program in Culinary in partnership with Technical and Further Education (TAFE) of New South Wales Western Sydney Institute.
Later on, it also opened a 4-year Bachelor of Science in Culinary Management, being one of the few schools in the Philippines offering the said degree program.
In 2010, JIB expanded further into General Santos City as it opened the Joji Ilagan International School of Hotel and Tourism Management.
The Joji Ilagan International Schools is composed of a network of exclusive schools based in Davao City and General Santos City.
The campuses are overseen and monitored by government departments, such Department of Education (DepEd), Technical Skills and Development Authority (TESDA), and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
Pursuant to TESDA compliance, the school offers ladderized education as well, a program that allows vocational students to pursue college easily, having their previous vocational course merits credited into their college curriculum.
It is a referral facility for communicable diseases and is one of the retained special tertiary hospital of the Department of Health and is funded by subsidy from the Philippine national government.
The San Lazaro Hospital was established in 1577 in the Spanish colonial era as a dispensary clinic in Intramus by Fr.
In the 1590s, the San Lazaro Hospital along with the San Juan de Dios Hospital was supported by the Hermandad de la Misericordia of secular priest and eremite Juan Fernandez de Leon.
The King of Spain issued a royal decree moving the hospital to its current site which was then known as Hacienda Mayhaligue in 1784.
From 1930 to 1931, San Lazaro Hospital's insane patients were admitted to the National Mental Hospital and in 1949, the hospital's patients with leprosy were moved to the Tala Leprosarium which later became known as the Jose N. Rodriquez Memorial Hospital.
Love Mocktail is a 2020 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Krishna in his director debut and jointly produced by Krishna, Milana Nagaraj.
Bak Tongsa () was a textbook of colloquial northern Chinese published in Korea in various editions between the 14th and 18th centuries.
In 1480, the royal instructor ordered revisions of both textbooks to match the very different Middle Mandarin of the Ming dynasty.
The 2004–05 Midland Football Combination season was the 68th in the history of Midland Football Combination, a football competition in England.
Fumiya established his YouTube channel, FumiShun Base, with his brother Shunya on December 2, 2015, but only posted their first video on the 6th of September 2016.
He has since then been added as a regular cast in a sitcom, Home Sweetie Home: Extra Sweet which aired every Saturday and a prime time romantic comedy TV Series, Make It With You.
In December 4, 2019, while he was in Japan, he experienced the same symptoms prompting him to visit a doctor the next day.
In the discharge of his constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha is assisted by the Secretary-General, Lok Sabha, (whose pay scale, position and status etc.
Cabinet Secretary), functionaries of the level of the Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat at various levels.
On behalf of the President of India, he summons members to attend session of Parliament and authenticates bills in the absence of the Speaker.
The is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a large Jōmon period settlement located in what is now part of the city of Noshiro, Akita in the Tōhoku region of Japan.
The Sugisawadai ruins are located on the north side of the Shinonome Plateau, at an altitude of about 35 meters in the lower Yonedai River area, near the Sea of Japan.
It is a large village site centering on the first half of the Jōmon period and extends over an area of 35,000 square meters.
As a result of excavation surveys by the Akita Prefectural Board of Education and the Noshiro City Board of Education since 2003, a number of remains were confirmed.
These included the foundations of 44 pit dwellings, including 4 large oval longhouse-style dwellings with a length of up to 31 meters, and 109 flask-shaped pits (storage holes) for food storage.
Of note was a polished stone ax from the early Jōmon period which was made of a type of stone found only in the Hidaka region of Hokkaido.
Some stone fragments of the same type of rock were also found in the vicinity, leading to the speculation that the stone ax was made locally from raw materials obtained by trade with Hokkaido.
Other artifacts recovered included a stone sarcophagus and stone weights which were used with fishing nets, as well as numerous examples of Jōmon-period earthenware, including cylindrical pots with evidence that they were used for cooking.
During the Heian period, a portion of the site was occupied by a later village, and there is another extensive ruin from the Yayoi period, the Sugisawano ruins, located a short distance to the south, which are not part of the National Historic Site designation.
Cold start in computing refers to a problem where a system or its part was created or restarted and is not working at it's normal operation.
First requests to the web service will cause significantly more load due to server cache being populated and due to browser cache being cleared and new resources requested.
The is a large Kofun period keyhole-shaped burial mound located in what is now part of the city of Toyohashi, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan.
It has a length of 70 meters and height of 5.5 meters, and is believed to have been built in the late Kofun period, at around the end of the 6th century AD.
The tomb contains a multi-chambered stone-lined passageway with a length of 17 meters, and a stone-lined burial chamber, which was found to contain a large number of grave goods, including a gold-plated horse harness.
These included an extensive number of gold-plated horse fittings, including bells, bridles, harnesses, and stirrups, and well as sword, spears, bows and arrows, agricultural implements, and a large number of beads made from various materials and in various sizes and shapes, as well as a large number of Sue ware pottery.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The electoral district was on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence, near Quebec City (now in the Lotbinière Regional County Municipality).
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
It is the modern successor of one of the provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising control of Yamato rule over the provinces.
The Owari Kokubun-ji was founded in 741 as the provincial temple of Owari Province, and is located approximately 900 meters south of its modern incarnation.
The site is located on the bank of the Miyake River, and the ruins of the provincial capital of the province are four kilometers to the north-northeast.
The template compound measures approximately 300 meters north–south by 200 meters east–west, although the exact dimensions have not been completely surveyed.
No remains of the South Gate, Middle Gate, and only a small portion of the cloisters have yet been discovered, as most of the site is on private land, and a complete archaeological survey has not been conducted.
There is no record of it being rebuilt, but its location was preserved as a local place name into the Edo period.
Shingon Risshu sect records make mention of an Owari Kokubun-ji in the year 920 and such a temple is listed as a subsidiary of Saidai-ji in Nara in 1391; however, this appears to be reference to an unrelated temple.
The foundation of Enko-ji is not certain, but is believed to be either 1328 or 1375 from temple records and was relocated to its present location in the early 17th century.
At the time, a Shaka-do chapel containing a Yakushi Nyōrai statue claimed to be from the original Owari Kokubun-ji was merged with Enko-ji, and the temple renamed itself due to the greater prestige of the ancient name.
Based on the same platform as the Jinbei Haixing X30, the Jinbei Haise X30L X30 was released by Brilliance Auto in December, 2015.
Built by Brilliance Xinyuan Chongqing Auto (华晨鑫源), the Chongqing branch of Brilliance Auto, the Jinbei Haise X30L was offered with engine options including a 1.3 liter DLCG12 inline-four petrol engine, a 1.5 liter SWC15M inline-four petrol engine, and a 1.5 liter DLCG14 inline-four petrol engine, with all engines paired with a 5-speed manual transmission.
He is the incumbent Minister of Higher Education, Science and Culture, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
Hutmura is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Hutmura had a total population of 5,878, of which 2,967 (50%) were males and 2,911 (50%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 15 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 senior secondary schools, the nearest general degree college at Purulia 14 km away.
Nugroho and her partner Alexandra Eala won the 2020 Australian girls' doubles title beating Živa Falkner and Matilda Mutavdzic in the finals.
The 2003–04 Midland Football Combination season was the 67th in the history of Midland Football Combination, a football competition in England.
John Morgan Francis (March 6, 1823 Prattsburgh, New York - June 18, 1897 Troy, New York) was a journalist and diplomat.
As a diplomat, Francis served as United States Minister to Greece (1871-1873), as Minister Resident/Consul General to Portugal (1882-1884) (originally appointed as Chargé d'Affaires, he took the oath of office, but did not proceed to the post in that capacity), and as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary (1884-1885).
At the age of 15, Sikora dropped out of school and got work frying hamburgers at McDonald's on Central Avenue and Indian School Road.
In 1959 at the age of 20, he got a small loan and along with his savings, he opened his own restaurant, Bob's Pancake House which was located near Camelback Road and 20th Street.
For the next two years he worked there seven days a week until he sold the business and ran a few more.
Located on Grand Avenue, the club had two different genres of music with country music upstairs and rock 'n' roll downstairs.
Irène Souka (* 1953 or 1954) is a Greek EU official, since 2009 Director General of the Directorate-General for Human Resources and Security of the European Commission.
Additional studies in criminology at the University of Cambridge (1976 to 1977) and international law at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (1977 to 1978) followed.
She moved to the Directorate-General for Competition in 1990, as assistant to the Director General and then since 1994 as head of unit.
Since 2000 she worked in the Directorate General for Personnel and Administration as head of unit, director (2002), deputy director-general (2008), and finally Director-General (May 2009).
During her career as Director-General, she is reported to have resisted various attempts at modernisation of the European civil service, including the establishment in 2002 of the European Personnel Selection Office upon initiative of then-Commissioner Neil Kinnock.
He position as Director-General, as well as that of her husband Dominique Ristori, were extended in February 2018 with unanimous decision of the College of Commissioners, since both had passed the retirement age of 65.
At the same meeting, the Commissioners appointed Martin Selmayr to the post of deputy secretary-general and then directly of secretary-general of the European Commission.
Selmayr's appointment procedure was later condemned by both the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman, which concluded that the Consultative Committee on Appointments that evaluates and shortlists candidates for senior Commission jobs - of which Souka was a permanent member as Director general of human resources - had not followed its own rules of procedures, including by not publishing the vacancy for the posts.
Together with Selmayr, she is reported to have stopped the mandatory rotation policy for high-level EU civil servants every 5 to 7 years, remaining herself in the top position for 11 years, while extending the same policy to middle management.
At the same time, she was pivotal in managing the shift of the European Commission towards reaching the target of 40% of women in management by 2020.
In 2019 Souka was confirmed as Director-General by the new Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources, Johannes Hahn and prolonged until 31 January 2020.
She retired on that date, after complaining with the cabinet of Commission President Ursula Von Der Leyen that she had received no information about the further extension of her employment with the Commission.
After studying literature and linguistics at the University of Basel, Roberto Giobbi first worked as an interpreter and translator, with a fluency in German, English, Italian, French, and Spanish.
After his success as Vice World Champion in Card Magic at Fédération Internationale des Sociétés Magiques (FISM) in 1988, he turned professional as a magician.
Giobbi has been a guest of many TV and radio shows, including appearances in Switzerland, Italy, Spain, the USA, Japan and South America.
In recognition of his skill at sleight of hand card magic, Giobbi has won several international awards in magic, notably Vice World Champion in Card Magic at FISM in 1988 and 1991.
He was awarded the first ever Grand Prix from the Swiss Magic Convention in 1990 as the winner of all categories.
He also gives interdisciplinary talks and workshops for industry managers on creativity, communication, and presentation, and is sought out by professional magicians worldwide for his expertise and lectures.
Teotónio Emanuel Ribeiro Vieira de Castro was the Archbishop and Patriarch of East Indies of the Archdiocese of Goa e Damão, India from 1929 to 1940.
Castro was appointed bishop of the Diocese of São Tomé of Meliapore and consecrated as a bishop by Bishop António José de Souza Barroso on 15 August 1899, in Porto, Portugal.
Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, Kanpur started in 1974, was inaugurated by Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President of India, while the foundation stone was laid by Smt.
Artyom Grigorievich Sheinin (born January 26, 1966, Moscow, RSFSR, USSR) — Russian propagandist and TV presenter, First Deputy Director of the Directorate of Social and Journalistic Programs of JSC Channel One.
He was appointed to that role in June 2016, leading intelligence efforts to support Iraq's domestic security and to meet foreign policy aims.
He oversaw ending the politicization of intelligence action, implementing advanced methods to intelligence gathering and analysis, and setting priorities to broaden the scope of the work of the National Intelligence Service.
Under his leadership, the agency expanded its remit, particularly in counter-terrorism, both internally and abroad, playing a vital role in Iraq's fight against the ISIS, also known as Daesh.
In his role as Director of the Iraq Memory Foundation between 2003 and 2010, an organization that was established to document the crimes of Saddam Hussain's regime, Al-Kadhimi managed a team spread across various countries, including Iraq.
Following months of protests that broke out across Iraq in October 2019 and the resignation of Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi and his cabinet, Mustafa Al Kadhimi became a leading contender for the Premiership.
The 1994 Women's World Snooker Championship was a women's snooker tournament played in the United Kingdom and India in 1994 and was that year's edition of the Women's World Snooker Championship first held in 1976.
The early rounds were played at the Cue Sports Snooker Club in Raunds, Northamptonshire and the quarter-finals onwards were played at the Meridien Hotel, New Delhi.
Defending champion Allison Fisher beat Stacey Hillyard 7–3 in the final to take the title, her seventh and last Women's World Snooker Championship win.
The initial rounds of the tournament, up to the fourth round (last 16) were held at the Cue Sports Snooker Club in Raunds, Northamptonshire.
Of the top eight seeds, Allison Fisher, Karen Corr, Stacey Hillyard, Tessa Davidson and Kim Shaw qualified for the quarter-finals, whilst Ann-Marie Farren, Mandy Fisher and Lynette Horsburgh failed to get through.
In the last 16 round, Farren was beaten 2–4 by Kelly Fisher after leading 2–0, Mandy Fisher lost 1–4 to Sarah Smith, and Horsburgh was defeated 1–4 by Sharon Dickson.
From the quarter-finals onwards, matches were held at the Meridien Hotel, New Delhi, the first time that the championship was held outside of the United Kingdom.
For the third match in succession in the tournament, Allison Fisher achieved a whitewash of her opponent, beating Sarah Smith 5–0 whilst making four breaks over 30 to lead 4–0 and then compiling a in the final .
In the second session, Fisher won all four frames, including the tenth on a to gain her seventh world snooker title in nine years.
The match featured breaks over 30 in nine of the ten frames was seen as closer than the end result suggested It was the seventh and last time that Fisher won the title.
Its habitat is typically rocky clay-rich soils of shale and alluvial terraces, where it grows in a mixture of Fynbos and Renosterveld vegetation.
It occurs from near Caledon in the west, to the area north of Bredasdorp and towards Malgas, as well as around Swellendam and Heidelberg.
The Ministry of Fuel and Power granted consent for 60 MW of electricity generating plant at Goldington about 3 km east of Bedford in June 1950.
The site at Goldington was chosen because it was remote from built-up areas; was adjacent to a railway for the delivery of coal and the disposal of ash; and was close to an ample water source for cooling the plant.
The site was liable to flooding from the River Great Ouse therefore the area was raised in level prior to construction of the power station.
The 132 kV connection to the national grid was at a switching compound on the north side of the power station.
The six Clarke Chapman boilers burned pulverised coal – up to 250 tonnes an hour –  to produce steam at a total rate of 1,800,000 lb/hr (228 kg/s) at a pressure of 600 psi (41.4 bar) and 454°C.
}</graph>The railway line from Bedford to Goldington power station was retained when the remainder of the line to Cambridge was closed in January 1968.
Up to 6 million gallons an hour (7.58 m/s) of water was abstracted from the River Great Ouse via a 720 ft (220 m) channel off the river near the railway bridge.
Goldington used a mixed cooling system: some river water was used in the cooling process and returned to the river 225 m downstream of the intake and some warmed water was pumped to the cooling towers and used again for cooling.
A survey in August and September 1968 found that the river was 10.4°C warmer downstream of Goldington power station than upstream due to the heat input from the station.
Robert Solwin Smith (1924 New York City – May 22, 2013 McLean, Virginia) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Côte d'Ivoire from 1974-1976 and vice president of the Overseas Private Investment Corp.
His father's name was Dewan Sudarshan Singh and his mother's name was Rao Eani Dulaiya who died while Shatrughan Singh was still in her womb.
Deewan Saheb had got married in 1914 in his childhood to Rani Kaushlya Devi who was called Rani Rajendra Kumari after marriage.
His wife Rani Rejendra Kumari was older than him.According to Wikipedia He was born on the 25th of December 1900, four months after the death of his father.But there is a question about his accurate birth date.There is no mention about it but they were young during 1916 and had a good personality.
He has decided the manner of freedom struggle in Bundelkhand after accepting the fact of 'Rathaur Veer Durgadaas' written by Bankim Babu.
He also constructed palaestras in jarakhar for the training of groups.Soon the sentences of palaestras was spread all over the Bundelkhand.
He advertise it too.He did many efforts for the Hindu Muslim Unity.The muharram of Rath in 1920 can be a good example in which many Hindu persons including Deewaan Shatrughan Singh had provided assistance to the Muslims Physically and economically.
Deewan Shatrughan Singh and Sripati sahay Rawat bith joined with kongrass in 1919 and became the follower of Mahatma gandhi.That time Dewan Sahib was 20years old.Dewan Shatrughan Singh,moved with his workers in every village and markets of Rath for resisting the forced labor practices and to promote khadi.
He encouraged Landlords not to take of Harijans.Dewan Shatrughan Singh established a village named Harijan near Charkhari with the assistance of Shyam Bihari Chaubey.
He invented a revolutionary secret language for the help of his parties and used it for the distribution of information about freedom movement.He also advocated the Sati case of tola khangaran.Both the couple are credited for inspiring people for the three most difficult Sacrifices called Graam Daan, Bhoo Daan and Shram Daan.
Numerous scholers have done phd on the life of this freat Indian patriot.There is an annual fair on the birth memory of him held in mangrauth in December and it is attended by over 50000 people .thus this couple sacrifice everything for the nation and donated their lands to the poors.
It was the 15th World Cup event, which was named the Canada Cup until 1966 and changed its name to the World Cup in 1967.
The American team of Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer won by 13 strokes over the New Zealand team of Bob Charles and Walter Godfrey.
Camilo Reijers de Oliveira (born 23 February 1999), known as Camilo, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for French club Lyon as a midfielder.
Peter Ujal Hagverdiyev (, 9 June 1960 — 18 December 2004) was an Azerbaijani painter, member of the Union of Artists of Azerbaijan.
In 1979 he was admitted to the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR, but continued his education at Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University named after Vladimir Lenin (now named after N.Tusi).
In 1990 Ujal Hagverdiyev participated in an exhibition of young Azerbaijani artists in France and in 1995 in a joint exhibition of Azerbaijani and Turkish artists in Istanbul.
Also his personal exhibitions were held in Tunisia (in Tunis - 1991), in Germany (in Cologne - 1992), in Austria (in Vienna - 1993).
The last president of the Chamber of Senators (who, in turn, served as President of Congress) was Luis Alfonso Dávila, elected senator in the State of Anzoátegui by the Socialist-leaning party Movimiento Quinta República; the last president of the Chamber of Deputies (who also served as Vice President of Congress) was Henrique Capriles Radonski, who was elected deputy in the State of Zulia by the Christian Socialist party COPEI.
Different sectors of Venezuelan political life, both in the opposition and in government, have raised the possibility that, at some point, two chambers will again function in the Venezuelan Legislative Branch, resuming their bicameral composition.
Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter, and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe is an upcoming non-fiction book by American physisist Brian Greene.
The song 'Ennadi Muniyamma Un Kannula Mai' sung by TKS Natarajan in the music of Sankar Ganesh in the film 'Vanga Mappillai Vanga popularized him throughout Tamil Nadu.
When natarajan was a boy in TKS drama troupe known as TKS, he has acted many plays in tks drama troupe.
Since then, he has acted in more than 500 films such as Nadodi, Then Kinnam, Needhikku Thalaivanangu, Aadu Puli Attam, Mangala Vaathiyam, Ponnagaram, Pagadai Panirendu, Udaya Geetham.
Ariadna Sergeyevna Èfron (); 26 July 1975) was a Russian translator of prose and poetry, memoirist, artist, art critic, poet (her original poems, except for those written in childhood, were not printed during life); she was a daughter of Sergei Èfron and Marina Tsvetaeva.
From 1922 to 1925 she lived in Czechoslovakia, and from 1925 to 1937 in France, from where, on March 18, 1937, she was the first of her family returned to the USSR.
In Paris she graduated from the Duperré School of Applied Arts, where she studied book design, engraving, lithography, and from the École du Louvre where she majored in art history.
On August 27, 1939, she was arrested by the NKVD and convicted by the OSO under article 58-6 (espionage) to 8 years of forced labour in labour camps.
She only learned afterwards about the death of her parents in 1941 (her mother committed suicide in the evacuation in Yelabuga, and her father was shot).
She was again arrested on February 22, 1949 and sentenced, on the basis of her previous conviction, to a life in exile in the Turukhansky District of the Krasnoyarsk Krai.
Thanks to her education in France, she was able to work in Turukhansk as an artist-designer in the cultural center of the local district.
She had also produced a lot of translations of poetry, mainly the works of French poets, such as Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Teofil Gauthier, etc.
Ren Qilong (; born January 1959) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as dean of College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1982, a master's degree in 1987, and a doctor's degree in 1998, all from Zhejiang University.
Jordan Dyer is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Southern League Premier Division South club Tiverton Town, on loan from EFL League Two side Exeter City.
He was briefly loaned out to Southern League Division One South side Bideford, featuring as a late substitute in a 4–1 win at Barnstaple Town on 26 December 2018.
Two months later he joined Southern League Premier Division South club Tiverton Town on loan, featuring 14 times by the end of the 2018–19 season.
He made his first-team debut for Exeter on 4 December 2019, in a 0–0 draw with Oxford United at St James Park in the EFL Trophy.
Irish Residential Properties REIT Plc or IRES is a multi-unit residential letting company and REIT focused on the Dublin property market and that of other major Irish urban centres.
It is listed on Euronext Dublin and is a constituent member of the ISEQ 20 with a market capitalisation of €873m as of 31 January 2020.
IRES was floated on the Irish Stock Exchange in April 2014 and was funded largely by the Canadaian listed company CAP REIT.
In 1998, Ronayne became a Crown prosecutor and founding partner in the Tauranga firm of Ronayne Hollister-Jones Lellman, and he was appointed to the bench of the District Court, based in Auckland, in 2013.
From 2016, he worked on a pilot at the Auckland District Court to improve the management of serious sexual violence cases, and he was focused on ensuring that that vulnerable witnesses were properly supported during the court process.
Stethojulis strigiventer, also known as the three-ribbon wrasse, silverstreak wrasse, silverbelly wrasse, lined rainbowfish or silver-streaked rainbowfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a wrasse from the family Labridae.
This species occurs in beds of seagrass and areas of inner reefs and shallow lagoons where there is a substrate consisting of mixed sand, rubble, and algae.
The range of this species extends from the Red Sea southwards along the eastern coast of Africa to Algoa Bay in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and eastwards to the Marshall and Tuamotu islands, it also extends north to Honshu and south to New South Wales.
Her health commanded that she return to Uppsala in 1928 where she went to work for the Swedish Church missionary office.
Victim Assist Queensland (VAQ) is an agency of the Queensland Government Department of Justice and Attorney-General that provides information, advice and financial assistance to victims of violent crime and domestic violence throughout the State of Queensland.
VAQ also overseas the implementation of and complaints under the Queensland Charter of Victims' Rights, provides court support, and coordinates interagency referrals including with the Queensland Police Service.
Prior to VOCA, the criminal compensation scheme was managed under the Criminal Offence Victims Act 1995 (COVA) by the former Criminal Injury Compensation Unit within the Department of Justice and Attorney-General.
Prior to COVA, the victims compensation scheme was provided for by the Criminal Code Act 1899 (CODA) by the Queensland courts.
VAQ is a public service agency of the Queensland Government Department of Justice and Attorney-General and therefore is responsible to the Queensland Parliament via the Queensland Attorney-General, currently the Honourable Yvette D'Ath MP.
The principal focus of Victim Assist Queensland is the financial assistance scheme for victims of violent crime for out of pocket expenses for safety and recovery needs.
VAQ administers an evidence-based assessment process of applications from primary victims, witnesses, parents of child victims, and close family members of homicide victims.
The Information and Referral Service, known as LinkUp, is a central point of information about financial assistance, advice about victims' rights, and referrals to support service.
With the implementation of the recommendations of the Not Now, Not Ever Report, the Queensland Government established integrated interagency teams for victims of domestic violence at high risk of homicide.
Victim Assist Queensland officers along with the police officers, child safety officers, probation and parole officers, and local support services provide case management and information sharing for high risk victims.
Victim Coordination Officers provide support to victims and their families in attending court, drafting victim impact statements, and applying for financial assistance.
VAQ also maintains a Regional Coordinators in Townsville and in Cairns for capacity building with government agencies and community organisations and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander engagement.
VAQ also administers the Victim Services Funding Program which provides funding to non-profit organisations to support victims of violent crime in Queensland.
Recipient organisations include Relationships Australia to run the Victim Counselling and Support Service, the Queensland Homicide Victim Support Group, and the Court Network.
Victims rights activist and the 2009 Young Australian of the Year, Jonty Bush, worked at Victim Assist Queensland as Community Liaison and Research Officer and Acting Director.
It was formed in 2019 with five members, 3 of them were exmembers of Rock A Japonica:Luna Naitō, Chiho Takai, and Misato Hirase.
The works, 44 novels and two short stories, are organised by year of first publication, and are grouped into decades beginning in 1879.
No other titles were found in searches of the British Library Catalogue, in title pages of the books, the Library of Congress catalogue, WorldCat, full text searches on Archive.org, book advertisements of the period, publishers catalogues, or in the used book trade generally.
This does not mean that there are 26 different print editions held by libraries as data entry errors can read to duplicated entries for the same text.
WorldCat libraries hold editions issued by Blackie of London in 1885, 1893, 1902, 1905, 1923, and 1934 (in which year there were two editions with different illustrators, presumably a cheaper black and white edition and a more expensive colour one).
WorldCat aggregates the holdings of libraries, so it is perfectly possible that there were other editions that are not currently held in libraries, either not having being purchased by them, or having being lost or disposed of in the last hundred and thirty years.
Harry commissions the building of what is essentially yacht, and he and his friend Bob set out to find the treasure.
The usual Collingwood fare of shipwreck, pirates, gold, and high adventure, supplemented in this case by that old Victorian staple, a lost heir.
Rewarded for his heroic action in saving lives from a wreck on the coast, fisher-lad Robert Legerton is given an apprenticeship aboard a clipper.
They are put to work on the pirate island, building a fort to defend the harbour and a new ship for the pirates.
During their walks on the island the women in the party discover gold and they begin to collect this for their escape.
One of the best boys' books we have seen for a considerable time; there is thrown in just a dash of the modern novel, which will doubtless go far to make the book a favourite.
The writing is most attractive, and to sum up the qualities of this book it is only necessary to say the merits are thoroughly sterling ones.
But bravery and gentleness and helpfulness are shown in all the beauty; and so we should like as many boys as possible to read the story and admire the daring deeds.
The upright and industrious Captain George Leicester is deceived by an unscrupulous love rival and decides to buy his own ship and plunge into a more adventurous mode of existence.
George eventually makes good and, when he returns to bring his love news of the death of his rival, discovers that it was he and not his rival who won her heart.
The story of a young Midshipman's adventures in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars begins with the hero's first voyage on a gun-brig.
Appointed to a Frigate, he is given an important mission to deliver secret papers to a Corsican leader, and is captured by the French.
A lightning strike leads to an uncontrollable fire and when they take to the boat to escape the boat is destroyed by wreckage from the exploding magazine.
This is the first of four Harry Collingwood novels set in the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron tasked with the suppression of the slave trade.
The scene of this tale is laid on the west coast of Africa, and in the lower reaches of the Congo; the characteristic scenery of the great river being delineated with wonderful accuracy and completeness of detail.
We can heartily recommend it as one that boys will be sure to read throughout with pleasure, and with advantage, also, totheir morals and their imaginations.
The rich man agrees to finance the construction of an airship made from the new metal, with a novel power source also invented by the professor.
Eventually the craft is completed and begins a singular voyage, first submerging in search of a wrecked ship and then travelling by air to the North Pole.
Is full of even more vividly recounted adventures than those which charmed so many boy readers in Pirate Island and Congo Rovers.
The Flying Fish actually surpasses all Jules Verne's creations; with incredible speed she flies through the air, skims over the surface of the water, and darts along the ocean bed.
We doubt whether, since the days of Captain Marryat, there has arisen a writer who combined fertility of invention in stirring episodes, with practical knowledge of seafaring life, in the degree to which Mr. Collingwood attains in this volume.
A fine Australian clipper is seized by the crew; the passengers are landed on one desert island, the captain and a junior officer on another; and Ned, the young hero of the story is kept on board to navigate the ship.
In the meantime the captain and his associates have succeeded in rejoining the passengers, and they are after many adventures found by Ned.
A capital story of the sea, with treasure island, shipwreck, a handsomed hero, a winsome heroine, by Mr Harry Collingwood,; whose very name suggests tne battle and the breeze.
With the aid of his boss, he secures a plum post as the Medical Officer on a Nobleman's yacht as it sets out for a world cruise.
Then follows a selection of the usual catalogue of adventures in any Harry Collingwood book: piracy, a lone voyage in an open boat, a damsel in distress, a paradise island, treasure, and finally, a daring stroke to set things to rights.
Recalling a family legend, he searches for and finds cryptogram which is said to tell where the location of a hoard of treasure.
Realising that his wages would not be enough to support his mother in comfort, he determines to use the money he is due from the salvage of a derelict to buy a ship and sail to the Pacific with a cargo so that he can both support his mother and follow up on the treasure.
The voyage is full of incident, with the rescue of shipwrecked sailors, a ship becalmed by a drunken skipper, a ship destroyed by an asteroid, finding ambergris in the sea, and fighting off an attack by natives in the Sunda Straits, among others.
However, Australia is in the grip of gold fever and the crew desert to try their luck at the diggings, leaving John with a cargo for China but no crew.
After a long delay, a new crew appear, and the Desmonds come aboard again as they have finished their visit to Australia.
They sail to the location of the treasure, find it, and the crew seize it and strand John and the Desmonds ashore.
However, while celebrating their good luck, the crew drink themselves insensible, allowing John to recapture the Esmeralda and turn the tables.
The adventures are not over yet as they have a hurricane to face and another crew to rescue before they can return home.
This is the second of four Harry Collingwood novels set in the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron tasked with the suppression of the slave trade.
Jack, who has stuck by them with a view to the owner's interest, is marooned, and after divers adventures escapes with one faithful old shellback, and becomes the means of bringing Macdonald and his followers to the due reward of their misdeeds.
It should be noted that a real-life Jack Beresford won gold for the UK at the Olympics in the year of publication.
As a book for boys it is capital, there is plenty of fighting, in which the Englishmen win both fame and wealth, and the privateer schooner, under impossible, but conceivable circumstances, captures a French 36-gun frigate.
There is a ship on fire, the crew escaping in the boats only to perish from hunger and thirst, from which fate the hero and five of his companions are saved by a pirate, whose captain — a blood-thirsty ruffian of the blackest type — compels them to enter as seamen.
Afterwards we are told how, with a Jules Verne-like facility, these six men put all the pirates, to the number of seventy or eighty, including the captain, into irons, and seize on the vessel, a magnificent, though very dirty schooner, which they carry to Jamaica.
There the hero, quite forgetting the necessity of taking out letters of marque, fits out his prize as a privateer, and captures a Spanish treasure-ship with gold ingots on board to the value of at least three millions sterling, to say nothing of a chest — of the capacity of four cubic feet — full of uncut gems.
This splendid prize is brought into Jamaica, where the admiral, in defiance of the Admiralty instructions, gives her captor a commission as lieutenant in the navy, and he is left happy, not having yet realized that his 3,000,000oz in gold and all the diamonds will presently be declared a droit of admiralty.
The book, as such a book has a right to do, sets history, chronology, and law at defiance ; but the story is told with life and vigour which carry it swimmingly over the most absolute impossibilities.
Harry commissions the building of what is essentially yacht, and he and his friend Bob set out to find the treasure.
Courtney is now put in charge of the schooner and captures a rich prize, but has to fight off a notorious pirate.
The pirate wants to pay him back so has him kidnapped - but on the way to the pirate base, Courtnay manages to outwit the small crew and capture the craft.
However another storm leads to the craft foundering and Courtney escapes on a raft, only to be rescued by a slaver who plan to sell him in Cuba.
After some false trails left by her uncle, Dick discovers that discovers that his bride has been carried off on a Russian yacht by a French noblewoman.
Finding what charts they have bought, Dick then sets off in pursuit in the yacht he had been planning to honeymoon in.
The usual Collingwood fare follows, they rescue a man from the open ocean, they are caught in a cyclone, succour a foundering steamer, fight and capture a pirate eventually have the Russian yacht in sight.
Eventually he catches the Russian yacht and takes his bride off just before a storm strikes and causes the Russian yacht to founder.
After the capture of his schooner, a slaver revenges himself against one of the officers response by luring him inland from the coast, where he is seized by the natives.
The hero, Charles, is taking a clipper to Calcutta on medical advice to recover his strength after two years of hard work with the Slave Squadron on the West Coast of Africa.
The rioting steerage passengers prevent any of the boats being launched and he jumps into the sea after encouraging Miss Onslow to do the same.
He pulls her to the surface when the sinking ship drags them down, and they eventually take refuge in a boat the floated off the wreck.
After a week in an open boat, they come across a derelict ship, abandoned when she threatened to capsize in a squall.
Instead of being grateful the rescued men seize the ship and oblige Charles to sail them to an island in search of buried treasure, engaging in a bit of piracy on the way.
On the voyage back after locating the treasure, Charles learns that he crew plan to murder him and Miss Onslow as soon as they are close to a port they can make for in the boat.
He counters the mutineers by making off in the boat they have prepared while they enjoy their last breakfast on the ship, complete with the treasure.
After the storm, one of the three in the boat disappears at night, and the other, driven mad by drinking salt water, throws himself overboard into the jaws of a shark.
This he does, but on the way back, he is run down and his treasure goes to the bottom of the sea.
The heroes, two boys from Devon, set out to repair the fortunes of one of the boys by capturing Spanish treasure ships.
On his release, he was given £100 by his father's solicitors who booked a passage to Australia for him under the name Dick Leslie.
One night his ship is run down by a steamer and the rioting steerage passengers prevent any boat from being launched.
They are busy building, with the help of two shipwrecked seamen, a cutter to escape when a barque, commanded by mutineers, sails into the harbour.
Dick turns the tables on them, frees the original officers and leaves the Island with his treasure and Flora, and finds himself exhonerated by the time he gets to England.
Geoffrey Harrington, a manager in an engineering firm, falls on bad days, emigrates, and on a voyage from San Francisco to Yokohama is wrecked and cast up on the previously unknown island of Avelia.
The kingdom is at war with Tuta, a neighboring island, peopled by Avelians who emigrated there hundreds of years ago and created their own independent government.
This is the third of four Harry Collingwood novels set in the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron tasked with the suppression of the slave trade.
Jim Douglas, a dedicated and hardworking sailor, already a second mate at age 18, is so tired of the Captain and first mate's bullying that he decides to jump ship.
Harry is chosen to go, and is informed that if he does well in the work the future for him is pretty bright.
The man in charge of the project is a renowned bully and had created problems for every other assistant he has had.
He makes Harry do a piece of surveying in what is not only a dangerous manner, but also one less accurate than the alternative the Harry proposes.
As a result of the unsafe approach, Harry falls down a precipice from which he cannot be rescued, and is therefore written off as dead.
Later, Harry recovers a gold medallion in a lake while fishing, and this leads his Indian assistant to believe that he may be the reincarnation of the Inca.
The Indians kidnap and take him to a hidden city were they have been awaiting the rebirth of the Inca so that they can sweep the Spanish invaders from power.
The account of Harry's journey to the City of the Sun, and his thrilling experiences there, will delight all those who revel in adventures.
We have, in Mr. Collingwood's book of adventure, not only a powerful but a well-written and unique story of the Cuban Insurrection.
However, one of the passengers is a socialist agitator and he soon persuades passengers and crew to throw in with his plan to take the ship to find an Pacific island where they can settled and set up an ideal paradise.
Philip spends a lot of time trying to weave an ethical path between his duty to the owners and his own survival.
He receives a letter from his former first lieutenant, telling him that he has a new ship and offering him a place on it.
The Admiral in Jamaica puts him in charge of a small vessel to seek out the pirate that has been causing havoc.
The story begins with the narrator, Jack Anson, looking back quarter of a century to a time when he had been rescued off a burning ship.
His captain was the owner of the ship and was ruined by the fire as he did not have it insured.
They hide the gold on another island and then go loot a sunken galleon of her treasure, which they also bury near the first.
He eventually builds a small vessel to escape and then goes to negotiate with the insurers for the recovery of the gold and an indemnity for himself.
The hero is hard at work learning medicine under a knowledgeable practitioner in the East End of London when he gets a letter from his mother.
Dick takes the load on his shoulder and decides to emigrate to South Africa, saving the cost of a far by working his passage before the mast.
When he displays his medical skill after a crewmates is injured, one of the passengers offers him a place on a safari to the African Interior.
Eventually, he returns home laden with wealth, to rescue his mother from penury, and to provide his former mentor with enough resources to relieve all the deserving poor in his district.
Apprentice Mark Temple is in charge of one of the two boats and has one passenger, an engineer, and a few hands on board.
The successfully harvest a great many pearls, and the captain begins trading in sandalwood to cover the cost of the voyage, However the captain is fatally injured when they are tricked by natives.
While working on the cutter they discover one of the richest deposit of gold nuggets ever found and use it to ballast their craft.
By accident the two young men get separated from the English privateer, and this is where their adventures get even more exciting.
They are captured by Peruvian Indians, and condemned to a painful death, but are reprieved on the intercession of the wives of the men they killed, who demand them as slaves.
He is hardly back when he hears the news that His brother had been treacherously seized by the Spanish while trading in the Caribbean.
However, a good friend of his, a local shipbuilde, has built a revolutionary craft and is willing to let George use it for half of what George can loot.
Walter Leight's employers amalgamate with another firm but there is no room for Walter as someone whom Walter had sacked from his old employer is in charge in the new firm.
Looking for a berth as third-mate, 18-year-old Walter admires a gorgeous yacht in the docks, and is soon offered a berth as second-mate by her American millionairess owner.
The usual Collingwood chapter of adventures ensues, with hurricane, attack by pirates in the Sunda Straits, shipwreck on a reef, an attack by Chinese pirates, flight in an open boat, a deserted island, and rescue in the nick of time.
The hero, Murray, was a Royal Navy Lieutenant dismissed the service in 1891 by a court martial after losing his Motor Torpedo Boat with all hands during an exercise.
Desperate for work, he accepts a post as chief officer with Captain Drake on a steamer smuggling arms to rebels in Korea.
On the point of torture he is rescued by a senior Chinese naval officer who offers him a commission in the Chinese service as China is about to engage in war with Japan.
However, due to corruption, most of the charges in the gunboat's magazine are duds, and Murray is captured by the pirates.
Shipwrecked, he falls into the hands of cannibals on Taiwan, but is rescued by the arrival of Japanese troops who take him prisoner.
When he arrives back with the Chinese forces, he discovers that they were signing a treaty with the Japanese, and the destroyer was returned to Japan.
He and Drake returned to the hidden treasure and brought it to England, where he found that his court-martial verdict had been overturned.
He is picked up by a sailing ship in need of a navigator after the death of the Captain and first-mate.
The ship sinks and some of the survivors make their way to an island on a boat commanded by apprentice Massey.
Initially it looks as if the savages have nothing to do with the past great civilisation, but, betting that the savages are indeed the descendants of the lost people, they put up a deception which does indeed bring about the end of the savages’ attack.
A German commerce raider puts into the island for water, and Massey, with the aid of natives seizes it and frees the British seamen aboard her, enabling the party to travel home.
The wonder ship that flies high in the air, skims the surface of the sea, and descends to its lowest depths.
Lily Wooham (born 3 September 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Women's championship club Charlton Athletic, on loan from Reading of the FA WSL.
The station was inaugurated on 28 April 1990 as part of the first section of the line between Villa El Salvador and Atocongo.
However, commercial service only started on 18 January 2003, was suspended in July 2003 due to the lack of funds, and resumed only on Saturdays and Sundays on 17 January 2004.
His books try to show the importance of the study of oral traditions in the nascent Judeo-Christian Church in order to better understand how the Gospels were transmitted in the early years of the Church.
His research is in line with the work carried out by the Jesuit Marcel Jousse, Cardinal Tisserant, Cardinal Jean Daniélou... His approach draws on the sources of the little-known traditions of the Eastern Churches, in particular the Chaldean Catholic Church.
In 2008, Pierre Perrier, in association with Chinese researchers, published a theory according to which, in 64, Thomas would have left by boat for China, called by Emperor Mingdi.
The first contact would have taken place between Thomas and Prince Ying, a relative of the emperor, in a valley located in present-day Kyrgyzstan, a region where Aramaic was spoken at the time.
According to Chinese sources, Prince Ying had gone to this region to buy horses needed to guard the emperor he was leading.
The sculpted cliff of Kong Wang Shan at Lianyungang, contemporary with his preaching (c. end of 60 early 70), contains 105 figures over 15 metres in length and makes it possible to reconstruct the circumstances of his preaching.
He identifies more than twenty Judeo-Christian signs in the fresco and emphasizes that there are no symbols that can be linked to the Roman vision, but that the representations refer to the Parthian society.
Pierre Perrier points out that, with the exception of this preaching in China, where Thomas had the help of a translator who had converted, the map of Christian preaching in Asia in the first century corresponds to the regions where Aramaic was spoken.
In 2009, Pierre Perrier wrote the preface to the French translation of Darwin's The Black Box, an American work that defends creationist theories and develops the theory of intelligent design.
Cancers increased in the decade since the plant started and respiratory diseases increased during the 2010s, but because smokestack measurements are only sent to the government not published, it is difficult to estimate how much of the air pollution illnesses and deaths are due to the power plants.
However İsken Sugözü is the oldest and the only one using subcritical technology, so is likely to be more polluting per GWh electricity generated than the other two coal-fired power stations (a study for China estimated 200 to 400 early deaths per GW-year).
The power station emits more than 5 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide a year, which is over 1% of Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions.
The 1996–97 Women's National Soccer League was the first season of the Women's National Soccer League, the former top Australian women's professional soccer league, since its establishment in 1996.
Hoon represents the South Korean national basketball team, He represented the team at 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup where he averaged 4.2 points, 0.4 rebounds and 0.8 assist at the tournament.
Taylor Gontineac (born 16 July 2000) is a French-born Romanian rugby union football player who is the son of former Romania Rugby legend and former captain Romeo Gontineac.
Then due to his success, Taylor scored a contract with ASM Clermont Auvergne to play for their Espoirs team and in the future to play for the Top 14 side.
It is published by Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press and an official journal of the International Network for Myrmecology in Asia (ANeT).
In 2017, the journal won a Current Research in Malaysia (CREAM) award in recognition of commitment to quality, from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education.
In 2018, a paper in this journal won the 'Best Journal Paper' award at the annual Malaysian Scholarly Publishing Council (MAPIM) awards.
The Rivière Ontaritzi is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the municipality of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The economy of this area is mainly residential and resort; forestry is the main economic activity in the sector on the south and west side.
Located to the northwest of the city of Quebec, Saint-Joseph Lake is a very popular site for recreational tourism activities including the resort.
The surface of the Ontaritzi River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
From this confluence, the current descends on generally towards the south following the course of the Jacques-Cartier river which flows on the northwest bank of the Saint-Laurent river .
In 1976, the Association of Ontaritzi Residents, wishing to revive the denomination formerly used by the Wendats (Hurons), asked that the name Décharge du Lac Saint-Joseph or Rivière Duchesnay be changed to that of Rivière Ontaritzi, which was done.
The toponym Ontaritzi river was formalized on October 2, 1980 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
Kidnapping for ransom is one of the biggest organised or gang crime in Nigeria and is seen as a national security challenge.
Thousands of Nigerians have fallen victim of the crime and have had to pay millions of dollars in ransom for their freedom.
The current wave of abductions across the country makes every person a potential target regardless of social class or economic status unlike political kidnapping which started in the Nigeria's oil rich Niger Delta region in the early 2000s and the one by terror group, Boko Hara in the Nigeria's northeast and northwest that began in 2009 when the conflict there started.
In the Niger Delta, agitators took expatriates working with multinational oil giants hostage to force oil companies operating there to carry out community development projects for the benefit of the host communities or force government into negotiations for more of economic benefits accruing to the federal treasury for the region.
Abductions by Islamist terrorist Boko Haram is to further its agenda, recruit fighters, instill fear,  gain more international popularity and force  government to negotiate with it for ransom which is one of the means of generating funds for its terrorist operation.
Kidnapping for ransom on a commercial scale which became rampant in Nigeria in 2011 spread across all the 36 states and the Nigeria capital, Abuja.
In the northwest states of Zamfara, Katsina and Kaduna hundreds of local community members mostly young women and children are often abducted by bandits operating from forests.
In August the Director of Budget for the state was kidnapped while his deputy he had been travelling with was killed in the attack.
The governor of the state, Bello Matawalle  in 2019 initiated a peace and reconciliation  plan to bring the bandits who attack and kidnap villagers back home offering them jobs in place of kidnapping and banditry.
In August 2019 over 300 kidnapped victims who were held captive waiting for the payment of ransom on their heads by family members were freed.
The Csepel D-344 is a medium size, 3-tonne, 4×4 off-road lorry, made by Hungarian manufacturer Csepel Autógyár, from 1961 to 1975.
The transfer gearbox that sends torque to both the front and rear axles also includes the differential for the front axle.
Therefore, the D-344 has two drive shafts that send the torque from the transfer gearbox to the front axle, one for each wheel.
With its mass of 5700 kg (DIN 70030; includes 215 litres of fuel and a 75 kg driver), the Csepel D-344 can reach a top speed of 82 km/h.
The standard payload is 3000 kg; in addition to that, the D-344 can pull trailers with a mass of up to 2000 kg.
The 2015–16 Mascom Top 8 Cup, also known as the Mascom Top 8 Season 5, was the fifth edition of the Mascom Top 8 Cup.
It was played from 29 October 2015 to 23 April 2016 by the top eight teams from the 2014-15 Botswana Premier League.
Orapa United went on to win the tournament, making them the first ever northern team to win the Mascom Top 8 Cup.
The 2015–16 Mascom Top 8 Cup was the only domestic tournament played in Botswana since the FA Cup was not contested.
The quarterfinals and semifinals were played over two legs both home and away, with only one final in a predetermined venue.
Where the aggregate score was equal away goals were used to pick out the victor and if those were equal the tied teams went into a penalty shootout.
The teams were seeded based on their position in the table, with the first placed team facing off against the eighth placed team.
The king was the ruler of Angdev and the Argal State, his era is called the Golden Age of the Argal State.
During his rule, the boundaries of the Argal State Banda Rae Bareli Fatehpur Asha Kheda Dodia Kheda 24 Parganas Kalpi Hamirpur and parts of Awadh and Mahoba came under Argal State were expanded.
She has worked as a public defender in Los Angeles County, and as criminal justice counsel to Democratic Senator Dick Durbin.
Rossi grew up in the Inland Empire region of Southern California and earned her undergraduate degree from Bethany University and her law degree from Pepperdine University.
From 2011 to 2017, she was a state and federal public defender in Los Angeles County; she has said that defending clients who were generally low-income and minorities, many of whom had suffered homelessness, mental illness or drug abuse, gave her a good understanding of the legal system in Los Angeles.
She then became criminal justice counsel to Dick Durbin, the Democratic Party's Senate Democratic Whip, working on Supreme Court nominations including those of Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh.
She served as lead staffer on the 2018 First Step Act, which seeks to reduce recidivism and encourages federal prison reform, and has resulted in thousands of prisoners being released.
During her campaign, she has criticized the Los Angeles legal system, pointing out that 80% of prisoners there are black or Latino, and one in three suffers from some form of mental illness.
In 2019 Rossi was recognized by the National Bar Association as one of the United States' top 40 lawyers aged under 40.
Alfred Sittard (4 November 1878 –– 31 March 1942) was a German cantor, composer of church music and one of the most important organists of his time.
Born in Stuttgart, Sittard was a pupil of his father, the music teacher and musicologist Josef Sittard (1846-1903), as well as the Hamburg Petri-Cantor Wilhelm Köhler-Wümbach (1858–1926) and the Petri-organist Carl Armbrust (1849-1896).
In 1896 and 1897, after the early death of Armbrust, he took over his post as a primate of the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums.
From 1897 to 1901 Sittard studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln with Friedrich Wilhelm Franke, Franz Wüllner and Isidor Seiß.
He worked as a volunteer conductor at the Hamburg State Opera from 1901 to 1902 and was awarded the Mendelssohn Scholarship for composition in 1902.
In 1903 he became organist at the Kreuzkirche in Dresden, then in 1912 organist at the newly rebuilt St. Michael's Church, Hamburg with the then largest church organ of Eberhard Friedrich Walcker.
On April 1, 1942 he wanted to retire, but died unexpectedly on his last working day in Berlin at age 63.
There exists numerous recordings by Sittard on shellac records and on piano rolls for the philharmonic organs of the Welte & Söhne company.
His name is remembered at the Universität der Künste Berlin with the Sittard Foundation, founded in 1974, which also awards scholarships to underprivileged organ students.
The Rivière aux Pins is a watercourse flowing in several municipalities of La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The municipalities crossed by this river (measured by the current), are Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier (18.9 km), Shannon (11,0 km) and Fossambault-sur-le-Lac (2.8 km).
The lower part of the Pins river valley is mainly served by the Duchesnay road and the Kilkenny street (west bank).
Located to the northwest of the city of Quebec, Saint-Joseph Lake is a very popular site for recreational tourism activities including the resort.
The surface of the Rivière aux Pins (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Rivière aux Pins draws its main source from Lake Tantaré (453 m above sea level) in the municipality of Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier.
Surrounded by high mountains, Lake Tantaré is a wild and mountainous environment difficult to access, located in the territory of the Canadian Forces base at Valcartier.
Its mouth is located on the south side of the western point of the lake, empties into the Rivière aux Pins, of which it constitutes the head lake.
The waters descending a priori to the south for 3.6 km (measured by the current) in a small valley surrounded by mountains, to the mouth of the Rivière-aux-Pins lake which feeds from the Furiani lakes ( 542 m above sea level), Potenza (391 m), Cesena (347 m) and Reggio (345 m).
Then the waters descend to the southeast for 4.1 km (along the forest road) (passing 1.2 km from the fire-tower located at the top (altitude of 607 m) of the mountain of Lake San Angelo (altitude 369 m) to the mouth (altitude 217 m) of the Petite rivière aux Pins (5.9 km long), which descends from the north.
The course of the Pine River continues for 4.1 km southwest to the outlet (altitude of 188 m) of Lake San-Angelo.
Then the river takes the form of streamers for 2.1 km south-west until the mouth of a discharge from a small mountain lake (318 m above sea level).
From there, the Rivière aux Pins continues its descent for 5.0 km to the forest road bridge and 1.6 km to the limit of the municipality of Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier and Shannon.
Then the river goes southeast for 4.4 km and branches off to the southwest to cover a segment of 5.0 km to the limit of Fossambault-sur-le-Lac.
In this last segment, the river flows between Mount Casa-Berardi (to the south) (388 m above sea level) and Mount Sorrel (to the north) (378 m above sea level).
The distance is 1.5 km, between the northeast limit of Shannon and the Fossambault road/Thomas-Maher road bridge; however, this segment includes 0.8 km serving as the common boundary between the two municipalities.
After this bridge, the river flows a last segment of 1.3 km southwest to its mouth on the east shore of Saint-Joseph Lake in the municipality of Fossambault-sur-le-Lac.
Mário Jacko (born 1 November 1996, Lipany) is a Slovak football centre back who currently plays for Pohronie in the Fortuna Liga.
She was named after Morris C. Feinstone, a Polish born wood-carver, master designer, and the executive secretary of the United Hebrew Trades union.
Sikri Kot Fort was built by King Angaddev it was the most important fort of Argal State, it has seen the of Gautamo and his pride saga and valor, from here Gautamo Argal State has ruled for centuries.
Adjoining with neighbouring Cisarua, the district is part of a cluster of tourist and leisure developments best known as the Puncak area.
Much of the district lies in an elevation of 500-600 metres , which moderates the temperature, and causing contrast to the heat of Greater Jakarta and other adjacent low-lying lands.
Though much of the built-up area is not necessarily on rugged terrain, uneven ground is the most common terrain as it stands sandwiched between mountains.
The area is also proximate to Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, where a portion of the park itself lies within district boundaries.
Megamendung is most famed for its restaurant and factory outlets, where they have are often frequented by locals, daytrippers and visitors from Jakarta and around.
Asides from said clusters, the district are also renowned for its variety of streams that flow down from nearby Mount Pangrango and surrounding mountains.
She was sold for scrapping, 23 November 1970, to Hierros Ardes, SA.. She was removed from the fleet, 29 March 1971.
In its review of the film, the Talk Nerdy reviewer didn't find Ninjas scary, threatening or even a menace, but said that B-movie horror comedy fans would love it.
Hyo-geun started playing for Incheon Electroland Elephants in 2014, in his first season he averaged 5.05 points, 2.48 rebounds and 0.83 assists.
Hyo-geun represents the South Korean National Basketball team, He represented the team at 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup where he averaged 3 points, 2.3 rebounds and 0.3 assist at the tournament.
Lac Saint-Joseph is a freshwater body located in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec (Canada).
The shores all around Lake Saint-Joseph are highly renowned for vacationing, particularly because of the forest, mountain environment, recreational tourism, road access, proximity to the city of Quebec and especially the tourist resort Duchesnay which surrounds Lake Saint-Joseph three-quarters (west, north and east).
The surface of Lake Saint-Joseph is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The hydrographic slope of Lac Saint-Joseph is located between that of the Sainte-Anne River (Mauricie) (located 9.2 km northwest of the northern part) and the Jacques-Cartier River (located 2.25 km southeast of the southern part of the lake).
At 159 m above sea level, the waters of Lake Saint-Joseph are retained by the Duchesnay dam, erected at the mouth in the territory of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier.
Finally, it flows into the Jacques-Cartier River, bypassing the Île à Prévost located at the mouth, opposite the village of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier.
The lake has several hamlets around: the hamlet Duchesnay is located southwest of the lake (in the dam area); the hamlet Lake View, on the southeast side; the hamlet Lac-Saint-Joseph, to the west.
This toponym is indicated in legend on the map designed in 1632 by Samuel de Champlain; however, he erroneously indicates the source of the Saint-Charles River.
At that time, about thirty Irish families who arrived in 1817 from Connecticut, occupied the current area southeast of the lake, designated Fossambault-sur-le-Lac.
Learning to DJ from a young age, her career as a radio DJ started in 2010 on Kiss FM and she has subsequently held residencies at BBC Radio 1 as well as at NTS Radio.
In 2019 she was nominated for DJ Mag's Best Of British awards 2019 in the Best Resident DJ category and performed at Glastonbury festival.
Metalrax was the main supplier of non-stick coated steel bakeware to the UK market, since the 1960s, and the trade (product) name of a series of manufacturing companies.
On Tuesday 17 March 1964, the company was listed on the London Stock Exchange as Metalrax (Holdings), through the amalgamation of four companies.
It was owned by Metalrax Group, which was bought out after it lost a main contract for a UK supermarket in July 2012, and had been listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) from June 2008.
Another division of the company, EWS a cold roll forming company for housing fenestration and the UK market leader, on the A449 south of M54 junction 2 was bought in July 2018.
Jasurbek Jaloliddinov (Uzbek Cyrillic: Жасурбек Жалолиддинов; born 15 May 2002) is an Uzbekistani footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Bunyodkor.
He is a double winner of the Solitaire du Figaro and won the 2018 Route du Rhum in the Class 40 category.
Richomme studied as a naval architect at Southampton Solent University, and was later was involved in the development of the Figaro 3 yacht.
He started as an assistant to Adurthi Subba Rao and have worked as an associate to various other directors such as Dada Mirasi and K. Viswanath.
He has played villain roles and character roles in over a hundred films, including the Ranuva Veeran in Tamil and the Penmani Aval Kanmani.
Marquess of Villanueva de Valdueza (), commonly known as Marquess of Valdueza is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1624 by Philip IV to Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, an important General of the Spanish Navy who prevented the Dutch conquest of Colonial Brazil.
He was son of the 5th Marquess of Villafranca, who was in turn a great-grandchild of Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 1st viceroy of Naples.
The Álvarez de Toledo's have been one of the most prominent families in the history of the world, having held more than 80 titles in the peerage of Spain, including the dukedoms of Medina Sidonia, Alba and Infantado.
They have produced 2 prime ministers of Spain, colonial governors, distinguished military officers, ecclesiastical figures and even a sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
The 2016–17 Mascom Top 8 Cup, also known as the Mascom Top 8 Season 6, was the sixth edition of the Mascom Top 8 Cup.
It was played from 28 October 2016 to 1 April 2017 by the top eight teams from the 2015-16 Botswana Premier League.
The 2016–17 Mascom Top 8 Cup was the only domestic tournament played in Botswana since the FA Cup was not contested.
The quarterfinals and semifinals were played over two legs both home and away, with only one final in a predetermined venue.
Where the aggregate score was equal away goals were used to pick out the victor and if those were equal the tied teams went into a penalty shootout.
The teams were seeded based on their position in the table, with the first placed team facing off against the eighth placed team.
William Mostert is a South African Anglican bishop: he has been the Bishop of Christ the King since his consecration on 25 February2017.
The Occupant is an upcoming 2020 sports film directed by David Pastor and Àlex Pastor, and written by David Pastor and Àlex Pastor.
He studied theology from 1910 to 1914 in Strasbourg, Greifswald, Berlin, Basel and Göttingen, where he defended his doctoral dissertation in 1926.
Through the influence of phenomenology in Göttingen, Edmund Husserl, Adolf Reinach, Hedwig Conrad-Martius, Hans Lipps, Theodor Haecker, Max Scheler, Carl Schmitt, Jacques Maritain and the Liturgical Movement, he opened up to the Catholic world.
In 1960, the year of his death, he received honourary doctorates from the University of Bonn (PhD) and the University of Munich (ThD).
Kang Sang-jae started playing for Incheon Electroland Elephants in 2016, in his first season, he averaged 8.20 points, 4.58 rebounds and 0.96 assists.
Kang Sang-jae represents the South Korean National Basketball team, He represented the team at 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup where he averaged 2.6 points, 1.6 rebounds and 0 assist at the tournament.
Located about thirty kilometers north-west of the city of Quebec, this nature center extends over 89 km² on the west, north and east shore of Saint-Joseph Lake.
The main lakes in this territory are: Lac de Claire (to the north), Lac au Chien, Lac aux Deux Truites, Lac au Ventre Rouge and Lac au Cèdre.
At 159 m altitude, the waters of lac Saint-Joseph are retained by the Duchesnay dam, erected at the mouth in the territory of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier.
The waters flow into the Ontaritzi river (4.5 km long, measured by the current) which flows a priori from the dam for 600 m to the west, then turns to the southeast to flow on 2, 1 km.
Finally, it flows into the Jacques-Cartier River, bypassing the Île à Prévost located at the mouth, opposite the village of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier.
The Duchesnay Tourist Station offers many recreational tourism activities over four seasons: hiking, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, dog sledding, ice fishing, snowmobiling, Hok skiing, canoeing, kayaking, pedalo, climbing, archery, activities guided, slide, bike, tree-to-tree excursion, nature watching, bear watching, horse riding, quad biking, marina, beach and swimming...
Generally, from mid-December (if the snow conditions allow it), the cross-country ski trails of the Duchesnay Station offer a network of 51 km of linear paths divided into several routes including 35.5 km for the classic step and 15.5 km for the skate step.
This network of pistes offers four wood-heated huts, a well-equipped ski center, a ski school, with equipment rental service for board sports.
From the end of January, the summit trail (expert level) is reserved for skating (3.5 km, vertical drop of 139 m and negative of 157 m); this cross-country ski trail is traced on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays.
The various forest hikes lead to numerous observation points: peat bogs, maple groves, surrounding areas, forests where the sugar maple is generally predominant, views of Saint-Joseph Lake, the high castles, the summits...
The trails of various lengths and offering various levels of difficulty are equipped with several walkways, lookouts, wooden stairs and trail signage.
The multifunctional track Jacques Cartier crosses the high parishes of the county of Portneuf passing very close to the Duchesnay dam, near the Auberge Duchesnay, south of the Duchesnay tourist resort.
The development of this track was initiated in 1993 by leaders of the region and was officially opened to the public in July 1998.
This trail has various service points (nearby) for hikers: accommodation, restaurant, convenience store, public toilets, rest areas, shelters, picnic tables, some drinking water points, parking, etc.
Located near the mouth of Saint-Joseph Lake, that is to the south of the territory of the Duchesnay Tourist Station, the Auberge Duchesnay, the three pavilions (comprising 8, 12 and 20 bedrooms each with a living room with fireplace) and the 14 waterfront chalet units have picturesque architecture with exterior façades generally made of round wood.
During his vetting leading to his appointment to the Supreme Court of Ghana, he listed John Atta Mills, a former President of Ghana and law lecturer, Kwamena Ahwoi, also a former law lecturer as well as former Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Rawlings government as his former law students.
He presided over the Fast Track Court which sentenced two former ministers, Kwame Peprah, former Minister for Finance, Ibrahim Adam, Former Minister of Food and Agriculture and George Yankey, a former Director of Legal Sector, Private and Financial Institutions of the Ministry of Finance to two years imprisonment in April 2003.
Afreh became Head of Administration and later Financial Controller at the Pan-African News Agency in Dakar, Senegal between June 1981 and October 1992.
The Kampala metropolitan area (Kampala, Entebbe, Wakiso District and Mukono District) had a total population of approximately four million residents according to the August 2014 national population census.
More than half of this total pour onto the narrow roads leading to Kampala city center to go to work, school, hospitals, court, banks or to access other government or private services.
The major stake holders in a modern, functional, sustainable, public transit system in Kampala's metropolitan area have come together and propose a bus system starting with 980 commuter buses, procured new from the manufacturers, Ashok Leyland, in India.
Passengers are expected to pay using Radio Frequency Identification Cards (rfid-Cards) to swipe their way on board, with no cash payment allowed on the bus.
The organizers of the Tondeka Metro Bus Service are planning to have the buses run 24/7, with provisions for people with disabilities and pregnant mothers.
At a minimum, both the Uganda Government through the Ministry of Finance and high net-worth individuals who own fleets of commuter taxis and motorcycle taxis are expected to fund the project as a public-private partnership enterprise.
The initial shipment of 400 buses in September 2020 is expected to be followed by 200 buses the following month and every month thereafter until the total comes to 980 buses.
If and when the initial project succeeds, more buses will be imported to expand the project to other areas of the Kampala metropolis.
() is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Kim Tae-hee, Lee Kyu-hyung, Go Bo-gyul, Shin Dong-mi, Lee Shi-woo and Seo Woo-jin.
He defected while working in United States Embassy in Moscow when he got intoxicated and slept with a KGB seductress, who he was later told he had got pregnant, and that if he didn't cooperate it would be told to his wife.
He was found guilty on counts of espionage and was given a dishonorable discharge and was sentenced to confinement at hard labor for 5 years.
Ken Manson (2009) reconstructs three proto-Karen tonal categories *A, *B and *B' for syllables with vocalic or nasal codas, and a fourth category *C for syllables with a glottal stop coda.
Theraphan Luangthongkum (2014) lists the following sound changes that had taken place during the transition from Proto-Tibeto-Burman (PTB; James Matisoff's reconstruction) to Proto-Karenic (PK; Luangthongkum's own reconstruction).
Born in Barmen (today a district of Wuppertal), Franke worked as a teacher for pipe organ, harmony and counterpoint at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln.
This species has 17-18 spines and 8-9 rays in its dorsal fin, 5-6 spines and 7-9 rays in its anal fin.
There are four elongated spots on the body, with a fifth on the caudal peduncle which extends onto the proximate portion of the caudal fin, these spots are mirrored in the dorsal and anal fins.
The terminal phase males are dark greenish=blue, becoming bluer in the breeding season, with paler fins and a pattern of darker spots similar to that of the females.
Like many wrasse species this fish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with sexual maturity being attained by males at a total length of and for females.
This means that the males can still resemble the initial phase or be in their terminal phase after changing sex from a female.
They spawn from March to June when the larger terminal males form harems and become territorial, this attracts females to spawn their demersal eggs in the male's nest and the males then provide exclusive care for the eggs.
they look like females, possess larger testes than the terminal phase males and they may attempt to sneakily fertilise the eggs during spawning.
It was alleged that a member of ICB was posing with a gold chain that was apparently stolen from MC Big Keyz of £R.
Nines published a video on his social media with a handful of gold jewellery, including an Audemars Piguet watch that was supposedly stolen from C-Biz.
It has been reported that the pair havee a history of rivalry relating to the killing of Zino, Nines's brother who was murdered in 2009.
As a result, a drive-by shooting happened in the church road estate which resulted in the death of Oliver Tetlow in what was said to be a case of mistaken identity.
£R has also been in an ongoing rivalry with gang from the nearby Mozart Estate, known as the Harrow Road Boyz, a rap collective and gang, who's most successful artist is Fredo.
The Cathedral of the Resurrection, is a religious building that is affiliated with the Anglican Church of South Africa and is located at 85 St Georges Street in Ikageng in Northwest Province, South Africa).
It serves as the main church and seat of the Diocese of Matlosane which was founded in 1990, divided from the Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg.
At the national level, she is a five-time Italian women's champion (2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017) and a 2013 Italian mixed champion.
Gabzaruli Tba Natural Monument also known as Cracked Lake Natural Monument () is a small siphon lake in Georgia region Imereti, Tskaltubo Municipality, in the village Kumistavi, 166 meters above the sea level.
The siphon lake is part of unexplored cave system and lies in a 45 m deep canyon created by tectonic rupture.
The 1988 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
It is endemic to the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it is found in the Macaronesian archipelagoes of the Canary Islands and Madeira, including the Savage Islands.
It stretches roughly from southeast to northwest in southern Chukotka, along the left bank of the Velikaya River in its middle and lower course.
Pat McQuillan (born 27 June 1961) is a Northern Irish former footballer who played in the Football League for Swansea City.
McQuillan made his Football League debut for Swansea in a Division Two match on 31 December 1983 in a victory over Derby County.
When the Mumbo Jumbo channel was created, it was a group channel between Brotherhood and his friend Tom, they made some videos together but the channel quickly became an independent channel when Tom left, their most notable series together was known as ServerCraft.
announcing that he had joined the Hermitcraft server, a multiplayer Minecraft server where him and other YouTubers play the game like a community, he has since stayed on the Hermitcraft server, participating in every season since his first season, Season 2.
In 2013, Mumbo Jumbo also started to grow for his Redstone tutorial, a technical aspect of Minecraft that allows one to create machines and contraptions.
On May 19, 2019, 1.8K videos on the Mumbo Jumbo YouTube channel was systematically copystriked by the music company Warner Chappell Music for the intro and outro used on the channel, despite having paid license to the song, but samples had not been cleared.
Despite this, Brotherhood continued making Hermitcraft and Redstone videos on his channel, but without a music intro and outro, however, he has stated that he enjoys talking at the end of his videos instead of playing music.
Grinevich was born in 1960 in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic near Grodno, a town with 370,000 inhabitants, near the border with Poland and Lithuania.
In 1978 he began his studies at the Belarusian State Academy of Arts (Department of monumental painting), where he graduated in 1983.
In his paintings, he combines motifs from the past (famous personalities, military, banal everyday motifs) and creates in a sampling principle using the colorful and serial principles of Andy Warhol or the style of the striking and symbolically shortened visual worlds of Erik Bulatov and Alex Katz icons of a socially critical life and present.
His criticism is directed against the ubiquitous consumer world, the power of the military and traditional religious symbols, and against environmental degradation.
He transforms elements of the iconography and the insignia of socialist realism, mixes the motifs to images based on several levels and accentuates the paintings often ironica.
Drew Anderson (born October 18, 1995) is an American football quarterback for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL).
After going undrafted in the 2019 NFL Draft Anderson was signed by the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL).
He was also the former President of the now-defunct Party of Practice of Christian Love, as well as one of key figures to found the Christian Liberal Party.
Timmarasa of Yajus-sakha, Khandava-gotra, and Apastambha-sutra made a gift to the best of the gods, Kirtinarayanadevaru of Talakad which is Rajarajapura, south Benares and Gajaranya-kshetra, of the village Kavahalli in Thayuru-sthala, with the right to enjoy the eight rights and powers in the village including all the rice-fields, dry lands, gardens, vegetable gardens (tudike), money income, treasure, deposits underground, water springs, rocks, imperishables, future accruals, existing rights and possibilities.
The gift of the village was made at the request of Upavasi Achariya of Bharadvaja gotra, Yajussakhe, and Apastamba-sutra, for the merit of Krishnaraya and Saluva Timma.Between making a gift and maintaining one already made, maintenance is better than gift.
By a gift one obtains heaven and by protecting a gift one goes to a region from which there is no fall.
This is a record registering the grant of a village called Kavahalli or Kalihalli (same as the present village Kahalli) for services in the Kirtinarayana temple at Talakad on the Kaveri river in T.-Narsipur Taluk, Mysore District.
Another point to notice in this record is the mention of the king's visit to the southern part of his empire on a conquering expedition.
The temple of Kirtinarayana at Talakad- is a Hoysala structure and is believed to have been constructed by king Vishnuvardhana (see M. A. R. 1912, p. 11).
Not only are the revenues of the village stated to have been granted for services in the temple but also the utsava-images of the god and goddesses with ornaments either newly prepared or bolonging to some other temple are said to have been sent from Vijayanagar, the capital.
The 2020 Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) is the 62nd edition of the international competition featuring the champions of the Colombian Professional Baseball League, Dominican Professional Baseball League, Mexican Pacific League, Panamanian Professional Baseball League, Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League, and Venezuelan Professional Baseball League.
The 2020 edition marks the first-ever appearance of Colombia in the Series, and therefore will feature six teams for the second consecutive year.
They replaced Cuba in the circuit, who was unable to compete due to an inability to secure travel visas in time for the competition.
The Preliminary Round will consist of a fifteen-game round robin, after which the top 4 teams will advance to the Semifinal Round (1st vs. 4th, 2nd vs. 3rd).
It was first performed to music composed by Antonio Caldara on 4 November 1731 during celebrations of the name day of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in Vienna.
Private room: Cleonice has ruled Syria since her father Alexander died in battle: her people expect her to choose a husband who will become the new king.
Her councillor Olinto offers himself, but she rejects him as she loves the shepherd Alceste who has also been missing since the battle.
Barsene advises her that even if he is still alive she cannot marry him as there are many more deserving suitors.
Fenicio tells Mitrane that Prince Demetrio, son of the previous king Demetrio, is still alive, although thought to be dead, and is none other than his foster son Alceste.
He himself survived badly wounded and drifted in the water until he was rescued by a fisherman who took good care of him.
Olinto presses for a new king to be chosen, and tries to prevent Alceste from joining them, as he is a mere shepherd.
Inner garden of the royal palace: Fenicio reports to Cleonice and Barsene that the council has refused to accept Cleonice's abdication.
Cleonice is not sure however, fearing both to risk putting a shepherd on the throne and losing Alceste if she does not.
A gallery leading to the Queen’s chamber: Olinto denies Alceste access to Cleonice and Mitrane confirms that the order comes from Cleonice herself.
One of the queen’s rooms: Alceste has returned and Cleonice explains her rejection - they must part for the good of the people.
Mitrane assures him that the ships of his allies are already in sight and Alceste's true identity can soon be revealed.
Alceste and two servants bring Fenicio a cloak, crown, and scepter - Cleonice has chosen Fenicio and is waiting for him in the temple for the ceremony.
Temple of the Sun: Cleonice and Fenicio enter the temple with their retinue and the two servants, still carrying the mantle, crown and scepter.
Olinto comes with an emissary from the ships and brings a sealed letter from the older Demetrio, written shortly before his death.
In 1732 the castrato Antonio Bernacchi played the role of Alceste in two versions, one by Johann Adolph Hasse in Venice (with Faustina Bordoni as Cleonice) and the other by in Milan (where Antonia Negri sang Cleonice).
Mochammad Irvan Febrianto (born on October 9, 1996) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a full-back for Persiba Balikpapan in the Liga 2.
In November 2019, a consortium of local grassroots organizations called the FTP coalition began a series of disruptive protests in New York City against a crackdown on fare evasion and an increased police presence in the city's transit system.
Carley Uddenberg (born 6 July 2000) is a Canadian-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a defender for the Seneca Sting and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Uddenberg played for Richmond Hill Soccer Club team in her youth, as well as the Jean Vanier Jaguars in high school.
She has also appeared for the Saint Kitts and Nevis senior national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship on 1 February 2020 against Mexico.
She came on as a substitute in the 82nd minute for Brittney Lawrence, with the match finishing as a 0–6 loss.
Pont de l'Artuby, also called Pont sur l'Artuby or Pont de Chaulière, is a two-lane road bridge that connects Route D 71 to the Artuby Gorge in the Var department in the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.
Pont de l'Artuby consists of a large reinforced concrete arch with a span of 110 m, on which the carriageway slab is lined with slender, unadorned stanchions.
The arrow height of the bow is 24 m. The arch is framed by comparatively slim piers; short slab-beam bridges on the sides of the slopes, which are supported by equally unadorned supports, provide the connection to the streets.
The height of the bridge over the valley floor is usually 180 m. Due to the height information in a topographical map, it is probably only 137 m.
At the end of the 1930s, the Corniche Sublime (today's D 71) was built to open up the remote area around the Gorges du Verdon for tourism.
However, work had to be stopped because of World War II, so that the route could only be opened in 1946.
The falsework was formed from two trussed segments each weighing 60 tons, which were first mounted on the Imposts in a vertical position and lowered on 17 April 1939 with ropes into the arched position above the gorge.
Gay Chorus Deep South is a 2019 documentary about the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus and the Oakland Interfaith Gospel Choir's October 2017 tour in Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama and the Carolinas.
Adam Maulana (born on March 26, 1997) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a defender for Persiba Balikpapan in the Liga 2.
A member of the Great Council of Chiefs, Dawai worked for the Nadi local government administration, serving as Buli Nadi for seventeen years and Tui Nadi for ten.
He held several other official posts, including sitting on the Ba Provincial Council, Nadi Local Rural Authority, Nadi Township Board and the Native Land Trust Board.
After the war he played for the Fiji national rugby union team, making two appearances as a flanker against Tonga in 1947.
Demetris Demetriou (; born 15 January 1999) is a Cypriot footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Apollon Limassol in the Cypriot First Division.
Due to the expense of keeping up the team, and the large debt of the athletic department, the ice hockey program was mothballed for several years.
Brenda Mabel May (née Dansie; February 17, 1917 – October 7, 1998) was a New Zealand speleological entomologist known for her contributions to the understanding of weevil larvae biology.
Afterwards, she became a research associate at Landcare Research, where she completed a systematic overview of New Zealand Curculionoidea, published in 1993.
The Kinnel Bridge is a road bridge near the Scottish town of Templand, in the council area of Dumfries and Galloway.
Robertson graduated from Edinburgh University in 1876 and found a post in County Durham as the resident miedical officer at Gateshead Dispensary.
She originally considered becoming a botanist, but when she realised that the plants around her were made of molecules, switched her focus to chemistry.
She was a graduate student at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and earned her doctoral degree under the supervision of Galen D. Stucky in 2014.
Her doctoral research involved investigations into efficient energy storage technologies, in particular ones that make use of low-cost, abundant and sustainable resources.
Barry Leonard Roberts (born 15 June 1946) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Northern Districts in 1977–78.
In his only List A match, Barry Roberts opened the batting for Northern Districts and made 33 not out as he and Dennis Lloyd successfully chased Auckland's total of 70 without losing a wicket.
He played in the Marlborough team that won the title in 1967-68 for the first time, and the Taranaki team that won the title in 1970-71 and held it for two seasons.
He returned to Marlborough in 1982, and coached the team for most of the time from then till 2005, including their second title victory in 1993–94.
This is a compilation of every international soccer game played by the United States men's national soccer team from 2020 through 2029.
It includes the team's record for that year, each game played during the year, and the date each game was played.
Fabrizio Del Rosso (born 25 May 1963) is an Italian former footballer who last served as assistant manager of the China national football team.
The film centers on allegations of sexual assault and harassment levied against Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons, and features interviews with some of the over 20 women who have accused him, including Sil Lai Abrams, Sherri Hines, Jenny Lumet, Toni Sallie, Alexia Norton Jones.
The documentary spends the bulk of its screen time on the story of Drew Dixon, a former A&R executive at Def Jam Records who claims that Simmons raped her in his apartment.
After leaving the company to work for Arista Records, Dixon claims that L.A. Reid sabotaged her career after she spurned his sexual advances.
Winfrey was also targeted in a negative social media campaign, and was contacted multiple times by Simmons to discontinue her involvement.
On 9 November 2019, Akademija FMP has won against the club with most domestic trophies, Rabotnički, that was their first win in elite competition.
The loss to Princeton also ended Harvard's four-year reign as Intercollegiate Hockey Association champion as the Tigers were able to finish undefeated in league play.
In the 1980s the Dengbêjs were persecuted for singing in Kurdish as it was forbidden in Turkey to sing in Kurdish language.
In 1991, Turgut Özal achieved that the use of the Kurdish language became legal except for broadcast, publications, education and in politics.
From 1994 onwards the Dengbêjs were supported by Kurdish politicians to attend festivals and TV shows out of Turkey and from the 2000s also inside Turkey.
Dengbêjs are viewed as a way to give on the traditions of their Kurdish ancestors it was not possible to publish in Kurdish or about Kurdish history.
Ryan Wiradinata (born on July 13, 1990) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for Persela Lamongan in the Liga 1.
Dennis Patrick Lloyd (born 1 December 1948) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Northern Districts from 1968 to 1981.
In a semi-final of the List A competition in 1977-78 he opened the batting for Northern Districts and made 34 not out as he and Barry Roberts successfully chased Auckland's total of 70 without losing a wicket.
He opened the batting in the team that won Northland's first title in 1982–83, top-scoring with 88 in the victory over Nelson.
She is an actress who is appreciated a lot for her role as Delilah in season 2 of Netflix series ‘You’.
She’s appeared in and as well, and she collaborated with Lin-Manuel Miranda in the show Freestyle Love Supreme, now on Broadway.
Her father Tony Zumbado is a notable journalist and her sisters Gigi Zumbado and Merisela Zumbado are also rising actresses in Hollywood.
The church building has undergone multiple reconstructions since the 12th-century, originally the church was oriented with facade to the west, and had a single nave with five altars.
The semi circular apse now houses the marble altar once found in the church of San Marco in Padua, now razed.
The column was erected by the community in 1209 to celebrate the role of members of the parish in the battle of Padua against the marquis of Este, Azzo VI of Este.
Ashley Urbanski (born ‎March 13, 1991) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE where she performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Shotzi Blackheart.
On October 15, 2019, it was reported that Blackheart had signed with WWE and would report to the WWE Performance Center.
She entered the Women's Royal Rumble match at number 26 and lasted for 7 minutes and 27 seconds before being the 23rd superstar eliminated in the match, being eliminated by Shayna Baszler.
Her best singles performance in a grand slam tournament came at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships, where she made the third round of the qualifying draw.
Furthermore, the spread of mobile phones, particularly in Brazil, has granted people a more discreet medium for accessing betrayal opportunities online.
The combination of these two factors has resulted in a spike in infidelity in Brazil and South America in general in the last 10 years.
Although percentages of extramarital sex change from study to study, it is estimated that 50-60% of married men and 45-55% of married women engage in extramarital sex during their marriage.
The combination of accessibility, affordability, and anonymity has created a real market for online infidelity in the developing world, particularly in Brazil .
Because people engaging in cyber affairs are necessarily married, or attached, they are typically older and more out of touch with online dating and modern dating practises in general.
This has created a market for infidelity and cyber affair coaching websites directed explicitly at the Brazilian market such as Traição Agora and others.
These people prefer the distance, control and anonymity offered by the Internet and will prefer to keep the relationship exclusively online.
Feri Sistianto (born on January 13, 1997) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a centre-back for Persela Lamongan in the Liga 1.
This is a list of volcanic eruptions from Kīlauea, an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands that last erupted from 1983 to 2018.
These eruptions have taken place from pit craters and the main caldera, as well as parasitic cones and fissures along the East and Southwest rift zones.
They are generally fluid (VEI-0) Hawaiian eruptions but more violent eruptions have occurred throughout Kīlauea's eruptive history, with the largest recorded explosive eruption having taken place in 1790.
The 9th Annual NFL Honors was an awards presentation by the National Football League that honored its players from the 2019 NFL season.
It was held on February 1, 2020, at the Adrienne Arsht Center in Miami, Florida and was pre-recorded for same-day broadcast on Fox in the United States at 8:00 PM/7:00 CT. Five finalists will be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio..
Patrick () is a 2019 Belgian comedy-drama film directed by Tim Mielants and starring Kevin Janssens, Jemaine Clement, Hannah Hoekstra, and Bouli Lanners.
It had its world premiere at the 54th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, where it competed for the Crystal Globe, winning the Best Director Award for Mielants.
Émile Ilboudo, better known by his stage name Imilo Lechanceux (born 20 September 1988), is an Ivorian–Burkinabé singer, dancer and DJ.
Ilboudo was born on 20 September 1988 in Tiassalé, Côte d'Ivoire, the seventh of eight children of retired driver Johany Ilboudo and housewife Bernadette Zoungrana, both from Burkina Faso.
In 2004, at age 16, he moved to Tanghin-Dassouri, a village near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, where he continued his dancing alongside school.
His parents could no longer afford to pay for his education, and he eventually started performing for small (bars) and later performed small shows.
However, the song gained large exposure following its broadcast during the half-time of a quarter-final match at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations.
Lechanceux has performed at festivals alongside artists including Floby, Dez Altino and Hawa Boussim and has worked with Ivorian producers Bebi Philip and Serge Beynaud.
Bromley served as MP for Worcester 1685–1700, and became a consistent supporter of the Whig Junto of Sir John Somers, for a time his fellow MP for Worcester.
The Del-Mar-Va Express was a named passenger train of the Pennsylvania Railroad that at its peak went from New York City to the southernmost point of the Delmarva Peninsula, Cape Charles, Virginia.
Initiated in 1926, the train's north–south passage through Delaware stood in contrast with the main passenger traffic through Delaware being a brief passage through cities in the upper reach of Delaware, mainly Wilmington.
Most importantly, the train served as a more direct path from New York City and Philadelphia to Norfolk, Virginia, by way of a ferry from Cape Charles across the Chesapeake Bay to Norfolk, a path that bypassed Baltimore and Washington, D.C.
This saved time in comparison to travel over PRR, Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk & Western trains through Washington to Norfolk.
From there went directly south along the main line of a Pennsylvania Railroad's subsidiary, the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad, through inland towns in Delaware, notably: Clayton, Dover, Harrington, Greenwood, Seaford and Delmar; in Maryland: Salisbury, Princess Anne and Pocomoke City; and finally reaching Cape Charles, where the N. Y. P. & N RR Ferry Company would take passengers to Norfolk.
Beginning in the 1940s the PRR began to rely only on the Virginia Ferry Corporation for ferriage of passengers from Cape Charles to Norfolk.
The stations for Clayton, Harrington, Greenwood, Salisbury and Princess Anne in pre-World War II years of the train were points from which passengers could transfer to trains to the Eastern Shore of Maryland or to ocean-side resort towns of Lewes, Delaware and Ocean City, Maryland.
In peak years, such as 1941, a separate sleeping car train (in contrast to the New York originating train) left the PRR's downtown Broad Street Station and joined with the rest of the train in Wilmington.
After being discharged from the army, he became clerk of the Native Lands Commission and later executive officer of the Fijian Affairs Board.
In the 1966 general elections he contested the Rewa–Suva seat as the Alliance Party candidate, and was elected to the Legislative Council.
Mihaela Ignatova is a Bulgarian mathematician who won the 2020 Sadosky Prize of the Association for Women in Mathematics for her research in mathematical analysis, and in particular in partial differential equations and fluid dynamics.
Ignatova earned both a bachelor's degree from Sofia University and a master's degree from the University of Nantes in 2004, and a second master's degree from Sofia University in 2006, working under the supervision of Emil Horozov.
After working as a visiting assistant professor at the University of California, Riverside, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, and an instructor at Princeton University, she moved to Temple University as an assistant professor in 2018.
The 1929 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1929 college football season.
On 26 December 2018, Clifford made his debut for Southend as a stoppage time substitute in a 1–0 defeat against Oxford United.
She was the Chairperson of the British Fantasy Society for four years (2004-2008) as well as the co-chair of the UK Chapter of the Horror Writers' Association.
Seat 6 Justice Charles Wiggins is retiring, and Governor Inslee's pending appointee may run for the final two years of the term.
As a consequence of the system, women had to support their households by cultivating their fields or weaving textiles and then selling the products on improvised markets.
In 1891, the British colonial administration attempted to impose economic and political reform in Manipur which disrupted the functioning of the market.
The reforms involved large scale seizure and export of food corps from Manipur without consideration for local requirements which caused starvation at times of Mautam.
The reforms led to agitations by the women of the Ima Keithel and in response, the British attempted to sell off the assets and properties of Ima Keithel to foreigners and external buyers.
This among other causes resulted in the Nupi Lan or the women's war, which eventually seized with the Japanese invasion of India.
The Ima Keithel is located in the Khawairamband Bazaar, a complex reconstructed on the site of Purana Bazaar in central Imphal.
The complex consists of three large buildings with pagodas and colonnades with two located north of the road and one to the south.
There is also a section of stalls under a large tin and tarp arrangement market to the east of the main buildings.
The market is managed by a union of all the vendors of the market.The union maintains a custom of only allowing women who have been married at least once to set up stalls.
Leslie Bravman Jacobson is a George Washington University professor emeritus of theatre, playwright, director, and the founding artistic director of the longest-running women's theatre in the United States, Horizons: Theatre from a Woman's Perspective in Washington, D.C. She was also a founder and vice president of the 501(c)(3) not-for-profit Bokamoso Youth Foundation, president of the League of Washington Theatres, and recipient of a Fulbright Senior Research Fellowship.
He later raised a family in Brooklyn, New York; one of his children, Jacobson's father, went on to attend Harvard Law School as well as enlist in the U.S. Army.
Jacobson's mother was an informal jazz pianist whose love of music was passed down to Jacobson and her brother; Jacobson sang in her high school choir and continued in choir when attending Northwestern University.
In 1977, Jacobson helped establish Pro Femina Theatre, later called Horizons: Theatre from a Woman's Perspective, in Washington, D.C.. She produced plays by and about women for 30 years.
Jacobson served as Chair of the Department of Theatre and Dance at George Washington University for 13 years, from 1995 to 2008, and taught at the university for 42 years.
During this time, she helped create the one-year intensive MFA program in Classical Acting, over which she presided as Director of Graduate Studies, and the Women’s Leadership Program in International Arts and Culture.
In addition, she served as an affiliate faculty member at the university's Honey B. Nashman Center for Civic Engagament & Public Service and chair of the Faculty Learning Community on Community Engagement and the Arts.
David Henry Lewis Jr. (August 5, 1918 - May 15, 2002) was an American prelate who served as the Suffragan Bishop of Virginia from 1980 till 1987.
The album was recorded with The Nashville A-Team of musicians whom had been featured on all of Howard's releases with the label.
During the first half of the 2019–20 Isthmian League season, Mitchell-Nelson was loaned to Harlow Town, before being recalled by Southend in January 2020.
Originating in Laguna del Cisne, in the town Marindia and passes through the towns of Salinas, Pinamar, Neptunia and flows into Pando Creek.
He also won the gold medal in his event on six occasions at the European Karate Championships, most recently at the 2019 European Karate Championships held in Guadalajara, Spain.
The members of the unit, some of which are from neighboring states such as Angola, provide presidential protection and also perform ceremonial duties in the national capital.
Events where the guard of honour provided by the PG includes Defence Forces Day festivities, Heroes Day', the Independence Day Parade, and the Opening of Parliament.
Some of the state arrival ceremonies during state visits the PG has provided guards of honour for have included those for Chinese President Xi Jinping and Tanzanian President John Magufuli.
In early 2014, ZNA ordered PG to look for alternative accommodation from Dzivarasekwa in an attempt to reduce the number of army personnel at its barracks and the costs of maintaining it's facilities.
Colour Sergeant Stanley Mugunzva of the PG, who was assigned to Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga, was one of two killed in the 2018 Bulawayo bombing, which was an attempt of President Emmerson Mnangagwa's life.
Members of PG escorted the coffin of former President Mugabe upon its arrival in Harare International Airport following his death in Singapore in latter half of the summer of 2019.
As a result, Major General Anselem Nhamo Sanyatwe secretly renounced his allegiance to Mugabe and replaced loyal troops with substitutes handpicked by Sanyatwe.
The flag of the Presidential Guard of Zimbabwe consists of a beige background, with three equal horizontal stripes of red, green and red, and the centre having a shield which contains a white wreath beneath a bird, over which are two brown rifles in saltire.
On November 5, 1974, Holcomb was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the 58th district from January 8, 1975 to 1978.
He was a BBC Somali Hargeisa correspondent, and finally left in 2018 after 20 years of working with BBC.<br> He also worked Radio Hargeisa, Radio Mogadishu and Somali National Television.
Socialist Alternative is a political organisation in England, Wales, and Scotland which was created in 2019 when its members split from the Socialist Party.
In November 2018, the Socialist Party supported the creation of a faction in the CWI in support of the organization's International Secretariat after its criticisms of the CWI's Irish section, and other sections, were rejected by the CWI's International Executive Committee.
Approximately 130 members of the SP who had opposed the faction and supported the CWI majority left the Socialist Party to form a separate organisation called Socialist Alternative.
They called their first settlement in the city, concentrated around Canal, Harrison, and Twelfth Streets, Praha (Prague), where they would establish several Czech institutions.
After the Great Chicago Fire started in Praha, the Czechs then moved south in an are they called Pilsen, named after PlzenCzechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic, especially after Italians and Greeks started moving into Praha.
As a result, the Czech American community mobilized massively to help in the searches for the girl and support her family, and gained much sympathy from the general American public.
The 2020 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Bajas is the second season of the reformed FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Bajas; an annual competition for baja-style rally raid events for cars, buggies, side-by-sides, and trucks held in multiple countries.
The FIA awards the world cup to drivers, co-drivers, and teams competing in the T1 category; whilst drivers and teams in the T3 and T4 categories are awarded FIA cups.
In order to score points in the Cup classifications, competitors must register with the FIA before the entry closing date of the first rally entered.
If they do not then no leg points are awarded, but the following vehicles will not move up a position for leg points.
In total athletes representing Ivory Coast won three bronze medals and the country finished in 16th place in the medal table.
On November 3, 1970, Stackable was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the 58th district from January 13, 1971 to 1974.
Veronica Miele Beard is an American entrepreneur and fashion designer who co-founded Veronica Beard, a New York-based fashion company, with her sister-in law Veronica Swanson Beard.
Prior to starting the fashion line, she worked with Philippe Laffont to launch Coatue Management, a technology hedge fund, where she was partner and COO.
Miele Beard and her sister-in-law founded their eponymous company in 2010, and made their New York Fashion Week debut in September 2012 with its Spring/Summer 2013 collection.
The brand Veronica Beard is backed by retail executive Andrew Rosen among a group of investors, and the brand may be raising more investor funding in 2020.
The younger Rublee attended Phillips Exeter Academy, Harvard College (Class of 1883, degree in French and German) and Harvard Law School (class of 1885).
William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt appointed him Consul General at Hong Kong (March 2, 1901), Havana, Cuba (September 15, 1902), Vienna, Austria (March 26, 1903), and then again at Hong Kong (May 17, 1909).
Shankara (also spelled Shankra, Sankra) is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Para CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Shankara had a total population of 11,171, of which 5,735 (51%) were males and 5,436 (49%) were females.
Among the civic amenities, it had 23 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved overhead tank, tap water from untreated source, uncovered well.
Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, 1 middle school, the nearest secondary school at Jhapur 3 km away, the nearest senior secondary school at Khapur 3 km away, the nearest general degree college at Raghunathpur 19 km away.
Para Block Primary Health Centre, with 30 beds, at Para, is a major government medical facility in the Para CD block.
In June 2013, it was announced Christopher McQuarrie would direct, write, and produce the film, alongside Graham King under his GK Films banner.
In November 2019, Sandra Bullock joined the cast of the film and would serve as a producer, with Nora Fingscheidt replacing Quarrie, and Netflix distributing.
These chloride groups are susceptible to displacement by amines and alkoxides, giving rise, ultimately, to a large family of naphthalimides, which are used as optical brighteners.
In 1936, Schnier was commissioned by the United States Mint to design the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge half dollar, a commemorative coin that honored the opening of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.
Schnier had solo art shows at the Stanford University Museum of Art, The Art Institute of Seattle, the Santa Barbara Museum of Art, the Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life, Gallaudet University, James Willis Tribal Art, and the Bedford Gallery at the Lesher Center for the Arts.
His works were also displated at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Dallas Museum of Art, Portland Art Museum, Crocker Art Museum, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.
Jacques' works are a part of public collections of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Legion of Honor, Oakland Museum of California, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Crocker Art Museum, and Stanford University Museum of Art.
On November 3, 1998, Stackable was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the 58th district from January 13, 1999 to 2002.
A former mining town of which little remains, the Deptford locality today is entirely located in state forests, variously the Yowen-Burrun State Forest, Warriballat State Forest, Haunted Stream State Forest and the Bruthen State Forest.
The Travellers' Rest Hotel (also known as the Miners' Rest Hotel) opened in 1865, was extended in 1894, and burned down in 1905.
The first Deptford Post Office opened on 22 February 1868 and closed around September 1878; the second opened on 16 February 1885, was downgraded to a receiving office in 1 July 1927 and closed on 30 June 1928.
The first recorded burial was in 1870 and the last in 1898 - the year in which the cemetery was officially gazetted.
Xudong Huang (born 1965) is a Chinese medical researcher and the current Co-Director of the Neurochemistry Lab at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Finally, he earned a Ph.D. in nuclear science and engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a post doctorate degree from Harvard Medical School.
Huang has published more than 90 research papers, served as a manuscript reviewer for more than 50 research journals, has 5 patents and has long been the Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.
Divided to five continental confederations, the teams of the member nations of FIVB, volleyball's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with the most successful teams being ranked highest.
Specific procedures for seeding and pooling are established by the FIVB in each competition's formula, but the method usually employed is the serpentine system.
The previous calculation method have a problem of circularity in the international volleyball calendar: only countries who participate in the major volleyball events can earn ranking points, whilst the number of ranking points of countries also determines seeding and access of teams for major events.
On 1 February 2020, the new ranking system will be implemented and will take into account all results from 1 January 2019.
The 2019 Italian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship () was held from October 13, 2018 to January 27, 2019 in two stages: the group stage (round robin) from October 13, 2018 to December 28, 2019 and the playoff stage from January 25 to 27, 2019.
Alex Dominguez is a Texas Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives for House District 37, which is located in Cameron County, Texas.
Dominguez earned his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Rice University in Houston in 1993 and his Juris Doctor from the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University.
On November 8, 1988, Crandall was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where she represented the 97th district from January 11, 1989 to 1990.
The film tells about the boys who are looking for Katya Inozemtseva to give her an important telegram and they learn about her exploits.
Jennifer Nuzzo (born August 27, 1977) is an American epidemiologist, an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering and the Department of Epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and a Senior Scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
Nuzzo co-lead the development of the Global Health Security Index, an assessment of global health security capabilities in 195 countries, performed by the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security together with The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
She is the director and principal investigator of the Outbreak Observatory, a research project working to document infectious disease outbreaks and how governments respond to them.
She has helped bring attention to dangers of delaying vaccination, the spread of the ebola virus, and the 2019-2020 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement of 22 February 1814 by Austria, Russia and Prussia following a council of war with senior generals, Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia.
The treaty determined the movements of the Austrian and Prussian-Russian armies following a series of defeats during the invasion of north-east France (part of the War of the Sixth Coalition).
Despite dissent from the Russian and Prussian leaders Austrian General Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg secured support for a withdrawal ahead of the French forces of Emperor Napoleon I who was seeking to bring the allies to battle.
Napoleon failed to defeat him at the 9 March Battle of Laon and Blucher captured Paris on 30–31 March; shortly afterwards Napoleon abdicated the French throne and the war ended.
The War of the Sixth Coalition was part of the Napoleonic Wars in which allied forces sought to defeat France and unseat Emperor Napoleon I.
In January 1814 the allied nations of Austria, Prussia and Russia - who had decisively defeated a French force at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 - launched an invasion of the French Empire.
This was carried out by three armies: the Army of Bohemia composed of Austrians under Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg; the Army of Silesia, a Prussian-Russian force under Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher and the Army of the North, a Prussian-Russian-Dutch-Scandinavian force under Generals Ferdinand von Wintzingerode, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow and Prince Bernadotte.
The Army of the North remained fairly static whilst Blücher advanced into France on the northern flank and Schwarzenberg on the southern.
Napoleon defeated Blücher's advance in the Six Days' Campaign of 10–15 February, forcing the Prussians to withdraw, before he was compelled to deal with the Austrian forces.
No sooner had Schwarzenberg's 50,000-strong army entered Troyes than it was threatened by Napoleon, who reached Chartres on the 22 February.
A set-piece battle looked set to decide matters between the French and the Prussian-Russian force but Napoleon declined to enter into one, content to resume his march on Troyes.
It is believed that Napoleon sought to inflict a decisive defeat on the Austrians, hoping to persuade them to leave the coalition.
A council of war met at Troyes on 22 February 1814 attended by Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia as well as the senior allied generals to determine their next actions.
This course of action was opposed by Blücher and General Diebitsch as well as Alexander and Frederick William who wished to engage the French in the field.
Napoleon hoped to engage the Austrian army near to Troyes on 23 February, but the withdrawal deprived him of the decisive battle that he sought.
Some commentators suggested that the decision to withdraw was made because the allied generals could not agree on a suitable battlefield near to Troyes on which to engage the French.
However, it is considered likely that they instead feared losing a decisive engagement upon which hinged the future of Europe: either in the final defeat of Napoleon or the collapse of the Sixth Coalition.
Napoleon occupied Troyes on 24 February and, leaving a force under Macdonald and Oudinot to observe the Austrians, moved north again against Blücher.
Napoleon's attack on Blücher at the 9 March Battle of Laon was unsuccessful and he withdrew to Reims, where he defeated a Russian force on 12–13 March.
Napoleon engaged him in the indecisive Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube of 20 March and was forced to withdraw ahead of a renewed advance.
Janice Suber McNair (born 1936) is the current owner and co-founder of the Houston Texans, having assumed the position after the death of her husband and team founder Bob McNair in 2018.
Janice McNair has been the right-hand to her husband in much of his career when he founded Cogen Technologies, which Bob McNair sold in 1999 to Enron and CalPERS.
The others are Virginia Halas McCaskey (Chicago Bears), Kim Pegula (Buffalo Bills), Carol Davis (Las Vegas Raiders), Dee Haslam (Cleveland Browns), Amy Adams Strunk (Tennessee Titans), Gayle Benson (New Orleans Saints), Martha Firestone Ford (Detroit Lions), Denise DeBartolo York (San Francisco 49ers) and Jody Allen (Seattle Seahawks).
The goal of the foundation was to remove some of the financial barriers that were preventing Rutherford County High school graduates from attending college.
In August 2019, McNair donated $5 million to Pro Vision Inc, a community building project in the Sunnyside neighborhood of Houston.
Aerocosta was founded in the city of Barranquilla on July 12, 1965 and began operating itinerary services in June 1967, serving the national territory with Curtiss C-46 aircraft.The company's headquarters were opened at the International Airport in Miami, from where flights with a Curtiss C-46 were opened in the direction of Panama City and Barranquilla.
The founders of the new company were Captain Rafael Ángel Visbal Rosales, Captain Luis Carlos Donado Velilla, Enrique Oswaldo Fajardo, Antonio and Alfonso Ballestas, Herman Olarte and Joaquín del Gordo.
The first plane was registered as HK-792 and also operated charter flights to Miami and then established regular services via San Andres.
At the start of 1969, a foreign carrier permit was issued to Aercosta authorizing them to engage in foreign air transportation of cargo between Colombia and Miami, and to operate off-route charter trips of property persuant to part 212 of the American Board of Air Economic Regulations.
In July 1970, the company acquired the three aircraft from the Aerocóndor airline, which were converted to freighters at the Barranquilla airport.
With the acquisition of the HK-752, HK-754 and HK-756 services were expanded and by then, regular services were offered from Barranquilla to Bogotá, Cali, Cartagena, Medellin, San Andres, Miami, Panama, Martinique, Guadaloupe and other points of the Caribbean.
In the early 1970s, the first of a total of five Douglas DC-6 freighters arrived at Aerocosta, which meant that there was nothing to stand in the way of expansion.
Aerocosta then failed and Floramerica had to scramble for a new carrier because not even Avianca wanted to ship cut flowers.
Occasionally, Lockheed Electra aircraft were chartered in order to offer more capacity on flights to Miami, among them, the one identified with registration N and eventually an own Electra was acquired.
By then, the Donado Velilla brothers decided to become independent and create a new company by themselves and distanced away from the company.
They decided to negotiate with the rest of the shareholders the acquisition of the two Curtiss C-46 of the company, the HK-1282 and the HK-1383.
With them they started the operation, but always protected by the Aerocosta company, until the foundation of the company Lineas Aéreas del Caribe.
On March 18 1975, a document was leaked that showed the Colombian government was giving out illegal subsidies on oil to Airlines.
On July 10, 1975, the airline suffered another loss when an Electra cargo plane from Aerocóndor took off from El Dorado Airport, went into emergency and fell on an Aerocosta DC-6 that was in front of its hangar, where it was in the process of receiving a wide door to improve cargo access.
The HK-756, which was owned by Captain Visbal and affiliated with the company, was consumed by the flames in the wake of the accident.
On October 1975, a Lockheed Electra freighter aircraft with registration HK-1809 was acquired to compete on equal terms with Aerocondor aircraft.
However, the loss of the DC-6, together with a series of financial problems forced the company to suspend operations definitively in 1976.
In Ernesto Cortissoz airport due the increment of the drug traffic from La Guajira and the augment of the contraband from clandestine runways.
The Air Force command, across the Rotatory Found, negotiated and bought it on a cost of 2 million pesos, the administrative installations and the parking platform of the Aerocosta company had to cancel its operation there in Ernesto Cortissoz airport and the section of air installations plan were executed to the renewal of these installations to lodge an Air Group in Ernesto Cortissoz airport.
A few months later, another Curtiss, this time the HK-792 suffered an accident at the Point-a-Pitre airport in Guadalupe on October 28.
The plane's crew had reported an emergency when the number one engine ran out and requested authorization to land in Cartagena in an emergency; however he had to moor twenty miles off the coast.
Before performing this maneuver there was a need to dump the cargo in flight that consisted of chickens in crates and furniture.
As a cause of the accident, a fire in one of the engines and the inability to turn it off, led to critical flight conditions over the sea.
Among other factors the overload on the plane was discovered in being more than 1200 kilos and the lack of knowledge of this situation led to the crashing of that plane.
The city has 2,200 inhabitants which makes it the second most populous settlement in the municipality, after the municipal and state capital, Zacatecas City, within whose greater urban confines Cieneguillas lies.
Due to his win at the 2019 Champagne Stakes, Tiz the Law is seen as an early contender in the 2020 Road to the Kentucky Derby.
He was one of the first modern politicians to emerge in the Protectorate and later became one of the first initiators and pioneer leaders of the political struggle between Somali people and colonial forces.
He is credited for the formation of the first Somali association, the Somali Islamic Association, created in 1925 for publicising Somalis' claim to independence.
Omar was exiled to Aden by the British administration for his protests against excesses of colonial administration, and campaigning for the improvement of economic facilities and expansion of education in the Protectorate.
Omar visited India in 1930, where he met Mahatma Gandhi and was influenced by Gandhi's non-violent philosophy which he adopted in his campaign in British Somaliland Protectorate.
Elijah Wayne Hughes (born March 10, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Syracuse Orange of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
He started playing basketball through the Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) and began playing on the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) circuit for local coach, Kenney Dawson.
Following his eighth-grade basketball season, Hughes was called up to the varsity team at Beacon High School in Beacon, New York.
After two years at the school, Hughes transferred to John F. Kennedy Catholic High School in Somers, New York with hopes of receiving more exposure.
As a junior, he led his team to a 26–2 record and runners-up finish at the Catholic High School Athletic Association (CHSAA) championship.
To help improve his grades and meet National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) requirements, Hughes transferred to South Kent School, a boarding school in South Kent, Connecticut, and later attended summer school.
After redshirting a year due to NCAA transfer rules, during which he improved his strength and diet, Hughes was named a starter for the Orange going into his redshirt sophomore season.
He was the team's second leading scorer with 13.7 points per game while also averaging 4.3 rebounds, 1.5 assists and 1.2 steals per game.
Entering his junior season, Hughes was named to the watch list for the Julius Erving Award, which honors the top collegiate small forward.
Note: Rensselaer's athletic teams were unofficially known as 'Cherry and White' until 1921 when the Engineers moniker debuted for the men's basketball team.
The company specializes solely in moving back and forth between Los Angeles, San Francisco, and NYC where they have additional storage facilities.
The SPÖ, the party of the incumbent governor Peter Kaiser, narrowly missed the 19 seats needed for an absolute majority, FPK and ÖVP made gains, while Team Carinthia, the rebranded version of the now defunct Stronach Party, lost almost half of their vote compared to the last election and the Greens failed to pass the electoral threshold.
After explanatory talks with FPÖ, ÖVP and Team Carinthia, the SPÖ decided to form a coalition government with the conservative ÖVP.
Catharine Sargent Huntington (1887-1987) was an American actress, producer, director, activist, and founder and manager of theater companies in the Boston, Massachusetts area.
Her work in theater lasted until she was 86 years old and spanned 6 decades, and she received the Rodgers and Hammerstein Award in 1965 for her work.
Huntington was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts on December 29, 1887, as the sole daughter of Lilly St. Agnam Barrett Huntington and clergyman George Putnam Huntington to survive infancy.
She proceeded to Radcliffe College, where she graduated in 1911 cum laude with an A.B.. After graduation, Huntington spent her summer in Europe and began teaching at the Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut, where she worked until 1917.
At the beginning of World War I, Huntington left her job at Westover School to serve as the Radcliffe College representative to the troops in France with the Wellesley unit of the YMCA.
She served as an aide, working on war reconstruction with the Réconstruction Aisne Devastée and the Union des Femmes de France until her return to the United States in 1920.
She was one of 156 people arrested for the protests, although her fine of $10 was double the amount of the fine for the majority of the other members of the watch.
She appealed the fine and went to trial in December of the same year with seven others, including Edna St. Vincent Millay, Powers Hapgood, and John Dos Passos.
Huntington founded the Boston Stage Society in 1922, and was associated with the Brattle Theatre, Peabody Playhouse, the Tributary Theater, and the Poet's Theater throughout her lifetime.
Additionally, she founded the New England Repertory Theater on Joy Street in Boston in 1938, and later founded the Provincetown Playhouse on the wharf in Cape Cod in 1940 with Edwin Pettit and Virginia Thoms.
During her time there, a Eugene O'Neill drama was produced each summer season, and the theater hosted the O'Neill Festival in 1966, where 10 of his plays were produced.
Note: Rensselaer's athletic teams were unofficially known as 'Cherry and White' until 1921 when the Engineers moniker debuted for the men's basketball team.
With effect of the 2019-20 Turkish Women's First Football League, the stadium hosts the matches of the Beşiktaş J.K. women's football team.
In 1984, Accor purchased the Quiberon institute, the first of the Thalassa brand, and the largest thalassotherapy center in France to this day.
In 1984, Accor bought the thalassotherapy center of Quiberon in Brittany, Western France, which became the first of the Thalassa brand and its flagship center.
Le Spa by Accor Thalassa was a partnership between Accor and Lancôme, which later led to the creation of the So Spa by Sofitel.
In 2017, Sofitel announced the construction of its largest hotel in the Middle East, which integrated a Thalassa Sea & Spa.
Shetty completed his MBBS degree from Karnataka Medical College, MS degree from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (Karnataka) and M.Ch degree (Plastic Surgery) from Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Nashik.
Note: Rensselaer's athletic teams were unofficially known as 'Cherry and White' until 1921 when the Engineers moniker debuted for the men's basketball team.
John Danvers (died 1449) of Calthorpe, near Banbury and of Prescote in the parish of Cropredy, both in Oxfordshire served four times as a Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire, in 1420, 1421, 1423 and 1435.
The men's 60 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 20 July at the St. Michel Arena.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his nineteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
Going into the final week of the regular season, the Terriers, as underdogs and on the road, faced Saint Peter's, which was selected for the 1967 NIT.
The boys' individual ski mountaineering competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 10 January at the Villars Winter Park.
Storm the Court (foaled May 5, 2017) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2019 Breeders' Cup Juvenile.
On September 2, 2019, he competed in the Grade-1 2019 Del Mar Futurity, but did not finish after a collision with another horse, Eight Rings.
The regiment was heavily engaged in Operation Diver, defending England against V-1 flying bombs, and later was deployed to Antwerp to carry out anti-Diver duties there in the closing stages of the war.
By 1941, after two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
By late 1942 the training regiments were turning out a regular stream of Mixed HAA batteries, which AA Command formed into regiments to take the place of the all-male units being sent to overseas theatres of war.
Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) was formed on 26 October 1942 at Datchet, Buckinghamshire, with 564 (Mixed) HAA Battery transferred from 157th (M) HAA Rgt.
For example, on the night of 21 January 200 hostile aircraft were plotted approaching the South Coast in two waves, which intermingled with returning aircraft of RAF Bomber Command.
This caused problems of identification and restrictions on fire, but the guns of 2 AA Group engaged as the raiders approached London.
As preparations for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) gathered momentum, AA Command redeployed its resources in Southern England to cover the assembly areas and embarkation ports.
183rd HAA Regiment was briefly with 30 AA Bde and then in May 1944 it joined 102 AA Bde, a designated 'Overlord' HQ.
Defences had been planned against this new form of attack (Operation Diver), but the missiles' small size, high speed and awkward height presented a severe problem for AA guns.
The HAA gun belt was moved to the coast and interlaced with LAA guns to hit the missiles out to sea, where the gun-laying radar worked best and where a 'downed' V-1 would cause no damage.
This new belt was divided into six brigade sectors, 43 AA Bde taking charge of one sector, with 183rd (M) HAA Rgt under command.
The whole process involved the movement of hundreds of guns and vehicles and thousands of servicemen and women, but a new 8-gun site could be established in 48 hours.
After moving the mobile 3.7-inch HAA guns to the coast, these were progressively replaced by the static Mark IIC model, which had power traverse that could more quickly track the fast-moving targets, accompanied by the most sophisticated Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictor (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer).
The guns were constantly in action, but success rates against the 'Divers' steadily improved, until over 50 per cent of incoming missiles were destroyed by gunfire or fighter aircraft.
This phase of Operation Diver ended in September after the V-1 launch sites in Northern France had been overrun by 21st Army Group.
In November it left 71 AA Bde once more and rejoined 30 AA Bde, now in 5 AA Group, which was controlling the 'Diver Fringe' protecting the East Coast against air-launched V-1s.
Once 21st Army Group had captured Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
AA Command's experience had shown that the power-operated, remotely controlled Mk IIC 3.7-inch gun, with automatic fuze-setting, SCR 584 radar and Predictor No 10 were required to deal effectively with V-1s, but 21st Army Group's mobile HAA units did not have experience with this equipment.
In December the first overseas deployment of Mixed HAA units began, and 183rd (M) HAA Rgt was one of those selected.
The war establishment of an HAA regiment on service overseas was three batteries, so 640 (M) HAA Bty left to become independent on 30 November (it disbanded on 12 December).
The regiment arrived at Antwerp in January 1945, taking over Mk IIC 3.7-inch guns on Pile platforms in bitter weather with inadequate hutting, and were immediately in action against the onslaught of V-1s.
The Antwerp 'X' defences under 80 AA Bde involved an outer line of Wireless Observer Units sited to in front of the guns to give 8 minutes' warning, then Local Warning (LW) stations positioned half way, equipped with radar to begin plotting individual missiles.
Finally there was an inner belt of Observation Posts (OPs), about in front of the guns to give visual confirmation that the tracked target was a missile.
The success rate of the X defences had been low at first, but after the arrival of Mk IIC guns and experienced crews from AA Command the results improved considerably, with best results in February and March 1945.
The number of missiles launched at Antwerp peaked at 623 a week in February, but dropped rapidly as 21st Army Group continued its advance, and in the last week of action the AA defences destroyed 97.5 per cent of those reaching the defence belt.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
Akiko Sekiwa (; born April 6, 1978 in Tokoro, Hokkaido, Japan as Akiko Katoh, ) is a Japanese curler and curling coach, a four-time (1994, 1996, 1997, 1998) and a four-time Japan women's champion (1997, 1998, 1999, 2001).
While studying at Oxford, Bere made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1851, playing against the Marylebone Cricket Club and Cambridge University.
After graduating from Oxford, he took holy orders in the Anglican Church, with his first ecclesiastical posting as rector of Uplowman coming in 1858.
This was the first draw in the fixture since 1879; and the first nil-nil since January 1876 (back when the Inter-City was a twice-a-season format).
Reeves helped create the first rules of the general nursing council in the 1920s and she received the honour of a Florence Nightingale Medal.
At 19 she went to Adelaide Hospital, Dublin to train as a nurse, staying there as a ward sister after her training.
She was appointed matron of the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital in 1908, and remained there until 22 October 1918, when she was appointed lady superintendent and matron of Dr Steevens’ Hospital.
At the time of her appointment to Dr Steevens', the economy was suffering in the aftermath of World War I, leading to a need to change the training requirements for nurses to attract suitable candidates.
Among the initial suggestions Reeves made to the hospital's board of governors was to abolish the entrance fee for probationer nurses.
The establishment of this practice helped in the professionalisation and standardisation of nursing, mirroring similar work by Margaret Huxley at Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, Dublin.
Reeves was the first president of the Adelaide Hospital League of Nurses and a founding member of the Florence Nightingale committee.
When the National Council of Nurses was established under the Nurses Registration (Ireland) Act of 1919, she was one of the first appointees.
When the Irish Free State was established in 1922, she formally applied for the council's affiliation to the International Council of Nurses by in Helsinki, Finland.
With Huxley, Reeves was instrumental in the formulation of the first rules of the general nursing council, a council that was founded after the nurses’ registration act was passed in 1925.
She was also a founder of the Nation's Tribute to Nurses Fund, a fund that supported old or otherwise distressed nurses financially.
Dublin University awarded her an honorary MA degree in 1947, and in 1949 she was the first Irishwoman to receive the Florence Nightingale Medal.
On September 2, 2019, he competed in the Grade-1 2019 Del Mar Futurity, but did not finish after a collision with another horse, Storm the Court.
The win earned him a spot in the 2019 Breeders' Cup Juvenile and earned him consideration in the 2020 Road to the Kentucky Derby.
On November 1, 2019, he competed in the 2019 Breeders' Cup Juvenile, but came in 6th place, behind rival Storm the Court, who won the race.
He was educated at King's College School and moved on to King's College, London where he was taught by the journalist-cum-scholar John Sherren Brewer and John Lonsdale.
The tree grows to a height of 20–25 m, with a broad, oval, crown and leaves oval-elongate to obovate, glossy green, 5–10 cm long.
Godwin was one of two remaining finalists (with Tayshia Adams) when Colton decided to call off the show to pursue Cassie Randolph, who decided to quit the show.
She won Miss Oak Mountain and was a contestant in three Miss Alabama pageants, which she placed 3rd in 2015 and 2016.
She was a reserve rider for the Sydney 2000 Olympics and then competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens in the individual and team competitions.
The complex consists of five buildings built between 1878 and 1954, primarily for the purpose of manufacturing textiles with elastic components, although the oldest structure was built as a school.
The former Moore Fabric Company Plant is located in the predominantly residential Woodville area southwest of downtown Pawtucket, on the west side of Washington Street.
The complex is dominated by three large brick weave sheds, and includes a late 19th-century wood-frame schoolhouse with additions, and a boiler house.
In 1917 the property was acquired by Glendana Silk Company, which constructed the first weave shed and boiler, and manufactured silk fabric.
Continuing at first with the manufacture of silks, Moore later began to specialize in the manufacture of rubberized latex thread, using a 1925 patent for the creation of such thread that could be placed on bobbins and woven with minimal risk of breakage.
The boys' Super-G competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on Friday, 10 January.
The boys' combined competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on Friday, 10 January (Super-G) and Saturday, 11 January (slalom).
Us is a 2019 American horror film written and directed by Jordan Peele, starring Lupita Nyong'o, Winston Duke, Shahadi Wright Joseph, Evan Alex, Elisabeth Moss, and Tim Heidecker.
The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 8, 2019 and was theatrically released in the United States on March 22, 2019 through Universal Pictures.
The Haarlemmermeer railway lines () are a former network of railway lines in the area between Haarlem, Amsterdam, Utrecht and Leiden.
Despite the name they did not all travel over the territory that formerly comprise the Haarlemmermeer lake before it was dredged.
The first plans for railway lines through the Haarlemmermeer polder were presented in 1864 by mayor Amersfoort, twelve years after the dredging of the lake and creation of the polder.
After the HSM bought up the shares, the plans were changed and this led, in the end, to the establishment of a local network of steam railways.
The first lines opened in 1912, much later than originally planned, almost a half century after the first plans were drawn up.
The lines lay in the area between Amsterdam, Haarlem, Leiden, Alphen aan den Rijn, and Nieuwersluis and were opened between 1912 and 1918.
Only the lines Amsterdam Haarlemmermeerstation – Amstelveen – Aalsmeer and Bovenkerk – Uithoorn – Nieuwersluis remained in service for passenger and cargo traffic.
In 1972 the lines were closed for cargo, except for the route Amsterdam – Uithoorn, which remained in service between 1976 and 1981 to transport building materials for the new Schiphollijn (which originally had no connection to the rest of the national railway network) and Uithoorn – Nieuwersluis, which remained in service until 1986, for demolition company Koek in Mijdrecht, where the Dutch Railways demolished a lot of equipment.
The lines have, in the meantime, all been dug up, with the exception of the line Amsterdam – Amstelveen – Bovenkerk, which was electrified between 1975 and 1997 and is used by the Amsterdam Electric Tramway Museum.
In many places there are still the remains of dikes, and various stations and stops are still recognizable and used as residences, including stations in Amsterdam, Amstelveen, Aalsmeer, Uithoorn, Hoofddorp, Mijdrecht, Nieuwveen, Wilnis and Aarlanderveen.
In September 2004, the Amstelveen light rail line was extended from Poortwachter to Westwijk and used the old railway dike of the old Bovenkerk–Uithoorn line on the curve west of Spinnerij to the south of Westwijk.
Laetitia Withall (30 August 1881 – 11 March 1963) was an Australian-born poet, author and militant suffragette who campaigned in the United Kingdom for the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) under the name Leslie Hall.
On her imprisonment she went on hunger strike and was force-fed for which she received the Hunger Strike Medal from the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
She was first arrested in Birmingham on 18 September 1909 as Leslie Hall (a name she had adopted so as to prevent the embarrassment of her parents).
On 21st December 1909 in Liverpool she and Selina Martin approached the Prime Minister H. H. Asquith as he was leaving his motor car, and tackled him on the subject of women's rights.
The women were removed to Walton Gaol, and were treated as though they were convicted criminals, being treated with considerable violence in prison.
On Monday, 27 December 1909 the two women were again brought into court, when Withall/Hall was ordered one month's imprisonment with hard labour, and Martin to two months.
Meanwhile, the facts as to their treatment whilst imprisoned on remand had been widely circulated, for they had dictated statements for their friends' use whilst their trial was being conducted.
But indeed, the inaccuracy of Mr. Gladstone's statements had become proverbial, for he was constantly denying the truth of charges which were clearly substantiated by the most reliable evidence.
Her signature is among those embroidered on The Suffragette Banner designed at the Glasgow School of Art by Ann Macbeth (1875-1948) and her students and today held in the collection of the Museum of London.
In 1939 Withall was living at 8 Linden Avenue in Broadstairs in Kent and here she died in 1963 aged 82.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual and UHF channel 16, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 LPTV HOLDINGS.
She has directed plays for the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National Theatre, The Old Vic, the Royal Court Theatre, the Welsh National Opera.
The disease resulted in her undergoing three operations on her legs, completed when she was 10, which left her with a limp until she was 13.
The campaign that gave her the most personal satisfaction was one for nylons because of her history with polio and the previous surgeries on her legs.
An accident in a Datsun 240Z on the streets of Montréal broke Proulx's leg in four places and sent her through the windshield.
Proulx obtained her basic racing license at l'Association des Coureurs Automobile de Montréal (ACAM), then enrolled in the Jim Russell racing school at the Circuit Mont-Tremblant in 1970.
Proulx and Fortin formed Mojack Racing, and her early races were run in a modified BMW 2002 owned by Fortin, and a Datsun 240Z.
In 1974, when Northern NASCAR introduced the Mini Stocks class in Canada, Proulx won the very first race at Catamount Stadium track.
She raced in some Formula Ford and Formula Vee events, and was scouted by Fred Opert Racing, then moved up to Formula Atlantic in 1974 driving Allen Karlberg's March 712M with Kimberly-Clark as sponsor.
Ibtada (Urdu for 'the beginning') is a not-for-profit, non-governmental development organisation headquartered in Alwar, India working in the Mewat region of Rajasthan.
It was founded in 1997 by Rajesh Singhi after he conducted the Benchmark Survey of Mewat for the Government of Rajasthan.
The region suffers extreme social and economic backwardness due to lack of resources, awareness, education, health and on account of poor gender status.
Ibtada was founded with its mission to work for women and girl child in 1997 with the formation of SHGs, by Rajesh Singhi.
When it started in March 1999, 16 SHGs were formed which rose to 142 in 2001 and over 2000 SHGs at present.
The girl child education programme started in August 2000 with 7 learning centres (called Taleemshalas) and grew to 121 learning centres in 2011.These Taleemshalas imparted education to out of school girls till class V, after which they were mainstreamed to govt.
These institutions empower women - to change power relations in their family and in the society, to foster decision-making power among women, to enhance their degree of control over resources and provide them space for visibility and collective action.
Ibtada’s three tier Institutional architecture (SHGs, Clusters and Federations or Manch) forms the base for implementing different programmes for Financial Inclusion, Livelihoods, Girls Empowerment and Rights & Entitlements.
Women members of the SHGs can secure loans to start small shops in their village thus reducing their dependence on agriculture or animal husbandry based income.
Education has been a primary focus of Ibtada's initiatives with introduction of school libraries, Bal sansads as well as supplementary classes.
They've also worked in order to improve infrastructure in government schools and have facilitated the formation and functioning of School Management committees.
This Trouser Exchange Program offered every customer of Raymond a chance to give away their old trousers that would reach to people in need.
Abraham Burtis Baylis Sr. (November 5, 1811 – July 15, 1882) was an American businessperson who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange during the U.S. Civil War.
Before his parents marriage, his mother was married to William Ludlum, who died in 1802, and his father was married to Elizabeth Nostrand, who died in 1804.
His paternal grandparents were Daniel Baylis and Catherine (née Ludlam) Baylis and his maternal grandparents were Abraham Burtis and Jane (née Everett) Burtis.
In 1841, Baylis became a member of the New York Stock Exchange and later served as one of the governors of the Exchange.
He also served as the first president of the Stock Exchange Building Company (which owned the block in which the Exchange formerly held its sessions) and during the Civil War, he served as president of the Exchange.
He was a trustee of the Union Ferry Company, the Brooklyn City Railway, the Brooklyn Trust Company, the Mechanics Bank, the Brooklyn Savings Bank and the Mechanics Insurance Company.
He was a trusted insider and close business associate of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and served as a director of the Harlem Railroad Company, the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Company and the Wabash Railroad Company.
He was succeeded in business by his sons under the firm name Abraham B. Baylis & Company, later known as A.
He also serve as a trustee of Packer Collegiate Institute, the Brooklyn Library, and a member of the Long Island Historical Society.
Baylis, a member of the Second Presbyterian Church for many years, died at his residence, 76 Remsen Street in Brooklyn, on July 15, 1882.
The CAP consisted of a cost-sharing arrangement between the federal government and provinces, territories and municipalities whereby the federal government would partially fund eligible social programs.
The 1995 Canadian federal budget announced that both the Canada Assistance Plan and the Established Programs Financing would be combined into a new block-fund fiscal arrangement called the Canada Health and Social Transfer starting in 1996-97 fiscal year.
As the arrangement was a cost-sharing program and open-ended in nature, the federal government was concerned about an escalation of costs it could not control.
The 1990 Canadian federal budget capped the growth of the Canada Assistance Plan at 5% for provinces who did not receive equalization payments (at the time Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia) for 1990-91 and 1991-92 fiscal years.
The government of British Columbia challenged that provision in courts and the Supreme Court of Canada, in the landmark Reference Re Canada Assistance Plan (BC) decision, ruled on August 15, 1991 that the capping was indeed constitutional.
Further restrictions were applied when the 1994 Canadian federal budget froze CAP payments to their 1994-95 levels for the 1995-96 fiscal year.
The relationship between the two countries is strong; Iran has an Embassy in Kiev and Ukraine has an embassy in Tehran.
In 2010 Ukrainian ambassador Oleksandr Samarsky offered his diplomatic credentials to Iranian Foreign Minister, Manouchehr Mottaki, calling for the two countries to increase cooperation with each other.
On 8 January 2020, the Iranian military accidentally shot down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752, causing relations between the two countries to strain.
Amer has been recognized by GLAAD, the TED Conference, and the Webby Awards for their work relating to LGBT education and advocacy.
The show's presentation is adapted for a child audience; for instance, a video on consent uses the sharing of toys as an example in place of sexual activity.
In August 2019, Amer joined a group of LGBT YouTubers in filing a lawsuit against YouTube and Google, alleging that YouTube and its parent company Google had engaged in unfair demonetization and hiding of videos that was discriminatory toward LGBT content.
The group of LGBT YouTubers was represented by the Browne George Ross law firm, which had also filed a lawsuit against YouTube alleging discrimination against right-wing YouTubers.
Amer is a founder of Bluelaces, a theater company that produces performances and hosts theater workshops and summer camps for people with autism or other developmental disabilities.
Amer received a bachelor's degree in theater and gender studies from Northwestern University and a master's degree in theater and performance studies from the Queen Mary University of London.
Zoran Roganović (born 26 December 1977 in Cetinje) is a Montenegrin professional handball coach and former player who is currently the head coach for both the Montenegro national team and Eskilstuna Guif.
The Mraka () is a historical-geographical area in present-day Western Bulgaria, covering the northeastern slopes of the Konyavska Mountain and the Zemen mountain.
The 2019–20 Eastern Washington Eagles men's basketball team represents Eastern Washington University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Eagles are led by third-year head coach Shantay Legans and play their home games at Reese Court in Cheney, Washington as members of the Big Sky Conference.
They defeated Montana State and Southern Utah to advance to the championship game of the Big Sky Tournament where they lost to Montana.
According to the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), a dedicated professional body is one designated by the Treasury under section 326 of the Act (Designation of professional bodies) for the purposes of the Act (Provision of Financial Services by Members of the Professions).
Acaena lucida is a small plant in the Rosaceae family, which is native to southern Chile, southern Argentina and the Falkland Islands.
Clement Higgins (1844 - 4 December 1916) was a British Liberal Party politician who served who served as Member of Parliament for Mid Norfolk in the 25th Parliament between 1892 and 1895.
In the 2010–11 season, USM El Harrach is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 27th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
I’m not the coolest person, but the album is me accepting the fact I’m weird and I don’t need to be anybody else.
In the music video which has 2.2 million views, Gray is alone in an abandoned house, where he eventually manages to kill and bury a clone of himself.
I think that anyone in their adolescence can relate to feeling like they’re constantly having to kill themselves off and rebuild from scratch, so I wanted to make commentary on that theme as well.
In the music video, which sits at over 4.3 million views, Gray helps Jessica Barden fend off her psychotic ex-boyfriends who have risen from the dead while working the night shift at the theatre/cinema.
In October 2019, he embarked on his Comfort Crowd Tour of North America with support from acclaimed New Zealand musician Benee as well as American recording artist UMI.
In the second week of 2020, Gray teased fans online by tweeting daily hints about the title of his debut album.
Gyolaysor ( , also ), former village in the Yerevan Province of the Yerevan Governorate and during the Soviet period in the Artashat region of the Armenian SSR, located in Khosrov Forest.
David Charles Guthrie (1861 - 12 January 1918) was a British Liberal Party politician who served who served as Member of Parliament for South Northamptonshire in the 25th Parliament between 1892 and 1895.
In 2009 a professor visiting from Ghana, Osei Darkwa, lamented to faculty at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Institute for Energy Efficiency (IEE) that students from rural parts of their country were unprepared for the rigors of the University.
They noted that if the students had access to safe, affordable and reliable lights, students would be able to spend more time studying and also replace the kerosene lamps and candles that cause financial, health, and environmental issues.
At the time, the available solar LED lights on the market cost $30, a price point far above what the average family in Ghana was able to spend.
The IEE team, in conjunction with UCSB’s Engineers Without Borders, designed, developed, and began distribution of a new light in 2010 through the newly created non-governmental organization, Unite to Light.
John E. Bowers, director of IEE, spearheaded the project, along with Claude Dorias, and the development of the light was aided by advice from scientist Shuji Nakamura and physicist Alan J. Heeger.
In 2012 the solar light was renamed the Luke Light in honor of 19-year-old graduate Lucas Voss-Kernan, who had passed away that year and in whose name a fundraiser was held to donate lights to off-the-grid Kenyan communities.
In 2018 Unite to Light developed a new device, a solar light with a USB port that charges cell phones and e-readers.
Unite to Light manufactures and distributes efficient, durable, low cost solar lamps and solar chargers to people without access to electricity.
A major area of focus for the Unite to Light project is on education, supplying lights to students who could use the lights to study at night.
Not only are the kerosene lamps students use to study less reliable, but four hours of sitting near them cause exposure to fumes equal to smoking two packs of cigarettes.
In areas where the Unite to Light’s solar lights were distributed, there was a recorded 30% improvement in students’ exam scores.
Since 2013, Unite to Light has partnered with WE Charity in Haiti to distribute solar lights to students in rural communities without electricity.
In 2015 Unite to Light partnered with the Makhasa School in South Africa to create their first Light Library, in which Luke Lights are borrowed and returned by students on a basis similar to books in public libraries.
In 2017 Unite to Light donated 1,000 lights and opened 14 Light Libraries across South African schools, and the following year donated an additional 1,500 solar lights.
To judge the efficacy of these lights on student performance, Unite to Light received data on the pass rates of the Matric Exam, which students must pass to graduate from high school.
Comparing 2015 pre-Light Library test scores to those after the Light Libraries had been implemented in 2017, there was an increase in pass rates of 21%.
Partnering with the United Nations Population Fund's Safe Birth Even Here campaign, Unite to Light created the Light for Life project, in which solar lights are distributed to midwives in conflict zones and rural regions.
In 2017, Unite to Light and UNFPA distributed 11,000 solar lights to the Bangladesh Midwifery Society for the Rohingya refugee mothers.
In 2011, with the KAITEKI Institute, Unite to Light partnered with Direct Relief to donate lights to global midwifery training programs.
In 2017 Unite to Light partnered with Santa Barbara’s Safe Parking Program and distributed 50 Luke Lights and solar chargers to dehoused populations living out of their cars in Santa Barbara.
After Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico in 2017, Unite to Light teamed up with Direct Relief to send 2,550 solar lights to the island.
Under one model, Unite to Light sells lights to nonprofits and individuals at cost so that they may further their own missions to help those without electricity.
Under the second model, Unite to Light employs a TOMS Shoes model, in which for every light they sell, they donate another light.
Unite to Light stresses that they are careful to give away lights only to people who would not otherwise have been able to afford even a low-cost solar light.
The Children's Museum at Holyoke is a children's museum in Holyoke, Massachusetts, featuring participatory art, exhibits related to science and daily life, a replica TV studio and an elaborate climbing area.
The museum is located Downtown, within Holyoke Heritage State Park, in the renovated Sheldon Building of the former William Skinner and Sons silk mill complex.
In the year after the destructive fire that razed the William Skinner and Sons mill complex next to City Hall, the Department of Environmental Management began drawing up plans for a new state park on the site, part of the Heritage Parks program inspired by Lowell Heritage State Park.
Hoping to make a children's museum a part of the Heritage Park Project, the Junior League of Holyoke opened a pilot version of the museum to crowds on September 27, 1981, in a renovated storefront at 171 High Street.
Modeled on the Boston Children's Museum, the prototype had four exhibits, a mock-up of a firetruck by local carpenter Jay Mulcahy, a mock post office, a paper mill exhibit where volunteers would blend wood pulp for children to make their own paper sheets, and a small linocut print shop.
Although it would be several more years before the museum would relocate to Holyoke Heritage Park, the pilot proved to be a success and in the following year the museum moved to its first permanent home, 15 Papineau Street, at the old Springdale School.
Among these was a 1983 temporary exhibit introducing children to disability studies with activities such as having children attempt to tie their shoes wearing oversized gloves, riding different wheelchairs, attempting to read in braille, and completing various puzzles while blindfolded.
In its first several years the museum would also incorporate exhibits celebrating different cultures, including events such as demonstrations of cooking Indian food, and Irish dancing.
On August 9, 1984, the museum officially incorporated as a separate nonprofit entity from the Junior League, as Children's Museum at Holyoke, Inc.
The museum would finally begin its move to Holyoke Heritage State Park with a groundbreaking ceremony for the renovation of the Sheldon Building, a storage building of the former Skinner Silk Mills, on November 9, 1985.
Almost two years later, a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on the evening of June 5, 1987, along with another ceremony for opening of the Volleyball Hall of Fame in the same building; the museum opened to visitors with regular hours the following day.
The girls' Super-G competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on Friday, 10 January.
The girls' combined competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on Friday, 10 January (Super-G) and Saturday, 11 January (slalom).
Adams was one of the final two contestants, alongside Hannah Godwin, both of which were eliminated when Colton decided to end the show to pursue Cassie Randolph.
Annmarie Sairrino Bailey is an American film producer and president of Akatsuki Entertainment USA, a division of Japanese mobile game developer Akatsuki Inc. She is known for developing and producing film projects based on existing Japanese intellectual properties.
Sairrino began her career in the entertainment industry working with film producer and consultant Sandy Climan at his firm Entertainment Media Ventures in 2003.
In 2012, she joined All Nippon Entertainment Works (ANEW) as vice president of development and eventually became senior vice president of development and production, serving there for 5 years.
In 2017, Sairrino established a new film production company, Akatsuki Entertainment USA, as a division of leading Japanese mobile game developer Akatsuki.
Akatsuki Entertainment's business model is the adaptation of Japanese-originated intellectual properties, including books, comics, film, television, animation, and games, into live-action Hollywood films.
The film subsequently entered production on September 16, 2019 with director Sonja O'Hara, writer David Ebeltoft, and actors Danny Ramirez, Keana Marie, and Lydia Hearst.
Price-Whelan 1 (PW 1) is a young stellar association or disrupting star cluster with low metallicity and extragalactic origin, more specifically the leading arm of the Magellanic gas stream originating in the Magellanic Clouds.
The existence of Price-Whelan 1 suggests that the stream of gas extending from the Magellanic Clouds to our Milky Way is about half as far from the Milky Way as previously thought.
This difference is explained with the gas experiencing ram pressure as it passes through the hot gas of the Milky Way halo.
Another possible origin of the star cluster could be the high-velocity cloud HVC 287.5+22.5+240, which has a similar metallicity compared with Price-Whelan 1.
This cloud is part of the leading arm and displays a strong magnetic field, which could stabilize the cloud against the ram pressure.
‘Dalnaglar Cottage’ seems to have been the precursor of and core to the present castle, which was probably built as a hunting lodge.
The main block has two storeys and is harled; there are two towers, one of three storeys and the other of three storeys and an attic.
After serving as a Police Magistrate in Nukuʻalofa, Taimani was appointed to the cabinet during the reign of Sālote Tupou III, serving as both Minister of Works and Police and Minister without Portfolio.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual and UHF channel 36, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 LPTV Holdings.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual and UHF channel 32, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 Station Group.
This Is No Time for Romance () is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Fernand Dansereau and released in 1967.
An exploration of the changing role of women in the early years of feminism, the film stars Monique Mercure as Madeleine, a housewife who is beginning to resent being defined by her relationship to her husband Gervais (Marc Favreau) and their children, and daydreams about possible alternative life paths she could have taken.
The film won the Canadian Film Award for Best Film Under 30 Minutes at the 20th Canadian Film Awards in 1968.
Geoff Arbourne is a British film producer and founder of Inside Out Films, an independent company that specialises in film production and television production.
His films have been shown in film festivals worldwide, broadcast on the BBC (Storyville (TV series), Independent Lens and Canal+ and available on demand on iTunes, Amazon Prime and Netflix.
His awards include; a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 2018 for Outstanding Politics and Government Documentary, and Tromsø International Faith in Film Award.
He then went on to produce the Emmy Award winning feature documentary Forever Pure, supported by the Tribeca Institute and Sundance Institute.
Forever Pure had its international premiere at Toronto Film Festival in 2016, played over 100 festivals, winning numerous awards, and was broadcast or on demand on BBC Storyville, iTunes and Netflix.
Releasing the film caused a significant backlash from many of the Beitar fans, putting the director Maya Zinshtein's life at risk.
Pierre-Henri Dumont (born 7 October 1987) is a French politician for The Republicans, who has served as the member of the National Assembly for Pas-de-Calais's 7th constituency since 2017.
Dumont was elected to the French Parliament in 2017, defeating National Rally Member of the European Parliament, Philippe Olivier in the second round.
In 1881, the Mexican government first heard of Tunisia when it received information sent by its diplomatic legation's in France and Italy about the French protectorate of Tunisia.
In 1961, Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos sent a presidential delegation of goodwill, led by Special Envoy Alejandro Carrillo Marcor and Delegate José Ezequiel Iturriaga; to visit Tunisia to pave the way for establishing diplomatic relations between the two nations.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations; diplomatic relations between both nations have been limited and have taken place primarily in multinational organizations such as at the United Nations.
In March 2002, Tunisian Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi paid a visit to Mexico to attend the Monterrey Consensus and met with Mexican President Vicente Fox.
In 2012, Mexican Director General for Africa and Middle East, Sara Valdés, paid a visit to Tunis to meet with the head of the African Development Bank (which was based in Tunisia at the time).
In November 2014, the Mexican Director General for ProMéxico, Francisco González Díaz, arrived to Tunisia leading a delegation of Mexican business people specializing in the food, building materials and biotechnology industries and consulting services.
In March 2015, Mexico condemned the attack on the Bardo National Museum in Tunis where eight Mexican citizens happened to be at the time.
Mexico's main exports to Tunisia include: tractors, chickpeas, density polyethylene, control units or adapters and goods for the assembly or manufacture of aircraft.
Tunisia's main exports to Mexico include: modular circuits; goods for the assembly or manufacture of aircraft or their parts; thermoelectric devices, switches for dual, stand or pull for lights; fiber optic cables and remote control devices that use infrared lighting.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2018 calendar year.
Provincial and Territorial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
16 June 2018: Her Excellency the Right Honourable Julie Payette, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada, on the recommendation of the Chief of the Defence Staff, has awarded seven Meritorious Service Medals to members of the Canadian Armed Forces for military activities of high standard that have brought great honour to the Canadian Armed Forces and to Canada.
In 1997 she moved to the University of Cambridge, where she earned her doctorate and was supported by a Bateman Scholarship.
Her research involves the use of geochemistry of carbonate fossils to understand climate change, in an effort to understand how ice sheets respond to changing levels in carbon dioxide.
In 2016 Lear investigated the reasons that ice ages now take place every 100,000 years, rather than on the 40,000 intervals that they occurred on previously.
By monitoring the chemical composition of microfossils, Lear identified that there was more carbon dioxide stored in the deep oceans during the ice ages at 100,000 year intervals.
These findings imply that during these times extra carbon dioxide is being pulled into the oceans from the earth's atmosphere, which lowers the temperature on Earth and results in ice sheets engulfing the Northern Hemisphere.
She showed that volcanic eruptions of the Columbia River Basalt Group releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering a decline in ocean pH and increasing global temperatures.
The associated sea level rise buried large numbers of marine organisms in sediment, transferring volcanic carbon to the ocean over thousands of years.
The Targovishte Gospel or the Targovishte four-gospel was a printed version of the four gospels, printed in 1512 in the middle Bulgarian language.
It was printed in Târgoviște, the princely capital of Wallachia at the time, at the behest of the voivod Neagoe Basarab.
He worked with the Palestine Exploration Fund in 1870 the East in the winter of 1870, in order to investigate the Hama inscriptions.
Gong Maoxin and Zhang Ze were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Treat Huey and Nathaniel Lammons.
Andrey Golubev and Aleksandr Nedovyesov won the title after defeating Sanchai Ratiwatana and Christopher Rungkat 3–6, 7–6, [10–5] in the final.
The event was sponsored by Warner who provided a total prize fund of £10,000, and the event was held at Warner's Puckpool holiday camp.
Allison Fisher was the defending champion going in to the tournament and a strong favourite to win the title again, having not lost a competitive women's snooker match since the semi-final of the 1984 World Championship against Stacey Hillyard.
Farren then took the next two frames to complete a 5–1 victory and claim the winner's prize of £3,500, and the trophy, plus a double magnum of champagne that she was not old enough to drink, being only 16 years and 48 days old at the time.
She qualified for the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the gold medal in the women's 400 metres T53 event and the silver medal in the women's 800 metres T53 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
The family moved to Rochester, New York when Stebbins was five and her parents started an abolitionist group in the city.
Her husband was an abolitionist as well, and together, they lectured and were involved in peaceful demonstrations for women's suffrage and the end of slavery.
In 1848, Stebbins was at the first Woman's Rights Convention, where she was an active participant and contributed a resolution to the Convention.
He serves as a member of the New York State Board of Regents and is an avid collector of contemporary fine-art.
Dr. Cottrell helped to found the subspecialty of neuroanesthesiology, a field of medicine that has refined and expanded clinical practice and increased patient safety.
The third seeds Charles Donohoe and Ray Dunlop defeated the defending champions Jack Crawford and Harry Hopman 8–6, 6–2, 5–7, 7–9, 6–4 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1931 Australian Championships.
Because of falling light this match had to be ceased on a scheduled day (Saturday, 7 March) with the score at two sets to one for Donohoe/Dunlop and 7–7 in the fourth.
Durant created a substantial body of work, often in marble and featuring characters from English literature or the Bible, but much of which has been lost.
Durant was born in Stamford Hill in Middlesex, now part of London, to George and Mary Durant, née Dugdale, who were both from Devon.
George Durant was a successful silk broker and on at least one occasion the family spent a winter in Rome which encouraged Susan Durant's interest in sculpture.
Although she established a studio in London, Durant frequently returned to Paris to work with de Triqueti either as his assistant or on common commissions.
From 1847 until her death, Durant frequently exhibited portrait busts at the Royal Academy in London, including a self-portrait in 1853.
In 1857 she created a marble bust of the American author Harriet Beecher Stowe, which is now held at the Harriet Beecher Stowe Centre in Connecticut, while Castle Howard in Yorkshire has a plaster version.
The bust, showing Stowe garlanded with grape leaves and wearing a shawl fastened by a cameo broach of her husband, helped enhance Durant's reputation.
The Stowe portrait and a 1863 medallion of George Grote, held by University College, London, are among the two earliest known surriving portrait works by Durant.
In 1863 Durant was the only women among the 14 artists commissioned by the Corporation of London to provide sculptures of figures from literature to decorate the Egyptian Hall of the Mansion House.
Through de Triqueti, Durant was introduced to members of the British Royal Family and received several commissions from Queen Victoria and, for a time, taught model making to Princess Louise.
Durant was commissioned to produce high-relief profiles on polychrome marble roundels of Victoria, Prince Albert and their children for the Albert Chapel in Windsor Castle.
Reduced size copies were also cast in metal as official gifts, a set of which are in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London.
The Queen commissioned Durant to produce a memorial to her uncle, King Leopold I of Belgium, for Saint George's Chapel in Windsor Castle.
The monument, showing the king reclining with his hand on a lion in front of two angels in relief holding the flags of England and Belgium, was unveiled at Windsor in 1867 where it remained until 1879 when it was moved to Christ Church in Esher.
The Lone Rider in Texas Justice is a 1942 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Steve Braxton.
Having served prison time for a cattle rustling that he didn't commit, rancher Jack Stewart is set upon by a gang of vigilantes who want to hang him.
The 2020 Phoenix Rising FC season will be the club's seventh season in the USL Championship and their fourth as Rising FC.
An experiment in integrating dance and theatrical staging into cinema, the film tells the story of a child born in a flooded land; his mother (Geneviève Rochette) was the sole survivor of the flood after floating to safety on a raft built by the child's deceased father (Jacques Godin) and being cared for by a guardian angel (Julie McClemens).
The film received four Genie Award nominations at the 18th Genie Awards in 1997, for Best Cinematography (Serge Ladouceur), Best Art Direction/Production Design (Serge Bureau), Best Costume Design (Yveline Bonjean and Liz Vandal) and Best Original Score (Serge LaForest and Gaëtan Gravel).
He currently serves as senior official at the Cabinet of the Presidency of the Government in the capacity of Secretary General for International Affairs, European Union, G20 and Global Security.
As he joined the diplomatic career, he served as consul in Bogotá, as well as advisor in the Permanent Representation of Spain before the OECD.
Key advisor of PSOE's Pedro Sánchez during the latter's first spell as party leader, Sánchez appointed Albares to a post in the Prime Minister Cabinet Office, once he became Prime Minister in June 2018: Secretary General of International Affairs, European Union, G20 and Global Security, with rank of Under-Secretary.
Albares, who left then a post as cultural attaché in the Spanish embassy in Paris, was sworn in on 21 June.
To celebrate these dates, Lonnie Lee recorded the album in the style of the old time together with his band the Leemen.
Beside a selection of classics - amongst theme tunes by famous songwriters like John Marascalco and Otis Blackwell - also four new compositions are included, which are corresponding to the 50ties and 60ties styles.
The instrumental tracks were recorded before in Sydney by the Leemen in the line-up Leon Isackson on drums, Alan Freeman on bass and Brian Dean on guitar.
Jeff Apter revied the album positively in the Sydney Morning Herald: Not only the fact that 77 years old Lee ist still active but also that he remains recording was impressive.
In September of 1951, he was responsible for negotiating the acquisition of Éditions Denoël and was also entrusted with the management of the library of the Pléiade by his uncle..
A soft palate is considered elongated when it extends past the top of the epiglottis and/or past the middle of the tonsillar crypts.
An elongated soft palate is a symptom of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) and is common in brachycephalic dog breeds and has been reported in brachycephalic cat breeds as well.
Christian earned his Bachelor of Arts from Howard University in 1982 and his Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1986.
President George W. Bush nominated Christian on April 4, 2001, to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Eugene N. Hamilton.
In 2016, following the recommendation of the District of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure, President Obama reappointed him for a second fifteen-year term.
Twining presided over the ratification meeting during the first convention of the Industrial Workers of the World, representing the American Federal Union.
She was on the payroll of the Western Federation of Miners in 1907-1908 as a solicitor of the defense and frequently would speak on labor topics as their representative.
She wrote for many labor and socialist papers including writing about the Cherry Mine Disaster and other topics for the Appeal to Reason newspaper.
Marstrabd was born on 10 August 1949 in Copenhagen, the son of toolmaker Theodor Christian Marstrand (1817-63) and Anna Henriette Mathilde Jansen Tiaden (1822-1900).
His father had just died and his economic situation therefore forcced him to give up his dream of becoming an engineer to become a baker's apprentice instead.
In 1785-1896, e replaced the old building at Købmagergade 19 with a new one designed by his brother, Sophus Marstrand (1860-1946), who was an architect.
Marstrand was in 1993 a co-founder of Copenhagen's Liberal Voters' Union and for 10 years served as its vice chairman before inn 1893 being elected for Copenhagen City Hall.
He briefly served as acting Mayor of the Financial Department in 1904 before assuming the position as Mayor of the Technical Department.
The city was booming, new districts, roads and buildings were constructed, utility infrastructure expanded and modernized and the city took over the city's tramways.
Grundtvig's thoughts and was for a while worked first for F. Falkenstjern'e folk high school in Frederiksberg and later his magazine.
He wrote biographies of Benjamin Franklin, F. F. Falkenstjerne, C. F. Tietgen, George Stephenson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson and Herman Trier (completed and published posthumously by his son Even Marstrand).
His first wife was Marie Elisabeth Neergaard (20 March 1846 - 3 November 1914), a daughter of joiner Peter N. (1810-59) and Cathrine Marie Fieron (1814-88).
Marstrand's second wife was children's book writer Margrethe Lønborg Jensen (30 March 1874 - c. 15 October 194), a daughter of lithographer Harald Christian Jensen (1834-1913) and Andrea Petrine Lønborg (1836-1912).
Mohamed El Aziz Kessous (June 25, 1903 - May 13, 1965) was a lawyer, journalist, senior civil servant, parliamentarian and equal rights activist in Algeria.
He was born on June 25, 1903, in Constantinois and died in Paris May 13, 1965, following a long illness, three years after the independence of Algeria.
He studied at the Luciani high school in Philippeville (today Skikda), he was the fellow student of Ferhat Abbas, the first president of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA), with whom he remained attached by close ties until 1956.
The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1993 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
In response to the Yugoslav Wars and following the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 in May 1992, Yugoslavia was barred from competing in international sporting competition.
This resulted in the Yugoslav team being disqualified from this and future Davis Cups, and their Qualifying Round tie against Cuba was defaulted.
The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Qualifying Round for spots in the 1993 World Group.
In this season he played in just three test games, one league match and one match in the Cup of the Alps.
He made his Nationalliga A debut on 9 June 1963 in the home match against Sion, which ended in an 8–1 victory.
Two goals after half time, one by Heinz Blumer and the second from Otto Ludwig gave Basel a 2–0 victory and their third Cup win in their history.
He scored his first league goal for the club on 13 March 1966, it was the equaliser in the away 1–1 draw against Young Boys.
The equaliser happend two minutes after the half-time break, Kiefer unluckily deflected a free kick from Lausanne's Richard Dürr into his own goal.
Subsequently, after the 2–1 lead for Basel the Lausanne players refused to resume the game and they sat down demonstratively on the pitch.
In the seasons 1969–70, 1971–72 and 1972–73 FC Basel reached the Swiss Cup Final, but on all three occasions they were defeated in by FC Zürich.
Between the years 1962 and 1974 Kiefer played a total of 355 games for Basel scoring a total of three goals.
170 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, 32 in the Swiss Cup, one in the Swiss League Cup, 50 were on European level and 102 were friendly games.
He scored one goal in the domestic league, one in the Cup of the Alps and the other was scored in the test game against Biel-Bienne on 5 August 1971 which Basel won 5–0.
After the 1973–74 season Kiefer transferred to FC Breitenbach and in 1979 he moved onto FC Allschwil where he ended his active football career.
Harold Nelson Smyrk (16 September 1889 – 10 November 1956) was an Australian diving champion who represented Great Britain at the 1908 Olympic Games in London.
Smyrk was born in Melbourne, where his father Herbert Moesbury Smyrk (1862 – 3 June 1947) was a stained-glass artist, a partner with one Charles Rogers as Smyrk & Rogers.
The partnership dissolved in September 1888, and the family left for Adelaide to work for painter and decorator E. F. Troy (c. 1855–1910) of Gawler Place and Flinders Street.
His father was a good swimmer, and Harold an apt pupil, and soon became quite proficient, but diving and particularly the high dive was where he excelled.
The family left for London around March 1898, to the regret of members of the Adelaide Easel Club, of which his father had been an active member.
but a year later his imminent return to Australia was reported, his father having apparently not enjoyed the acceptance he had been hoping for.
Smyrk, who was several times remarked on for his diminutive size, represented Great Britain in diving at the 1906 Olympiad at Athens, and the 1908 Olympic Games in London, but failed to reach the finals.
Smyrk married Ivy Powell of St Peters, South Australia on 31 December 1916; they lived in Adelaide until around 1930 and divorced in Sydney in 1933.
It is located at the intersection of National 40 and Provincial 87 routes, 34 km west of the city of La Quiaca and 28 km southeast of the Santa Catalina departmental capital.
The film is lost save for 25 feet, preserved in the Library of Congress collection, and a 135 foot section, discovered an uploaded to Youtube in late 2019.
It was founded by Idris I at the same time as he founded the city itself, in the early 9th century.
It was located slightly northeast of the current Mosque of the Andalusians, which surpassed it as the main mosque of the area.
The mosque was eventually overshadowed and eclipsed by the Mosque of the Andalusians, founded nearby in 859-860, which quickly grew larger than the relatively primitive early Idrisid mosque.
In the centuries since then, the Mosque of the Sheikhs has survived only as a small prayer space which has been significantly changed by subsequent repairs.
A minor structure still stands on the site today, but only vestiges and archaeological remains of the original mosque have survived.
Meltzer was a member of the American Federation of Arts and, for a time, served as the director of the National Serigraph Society.
She was also included in the 1947 and the 1951 Dallas Museum of Fine Arts exhibitions of the National Serigraph Society.
The Conant Creek Pegram Truss Railroad Bridge, in Fremont County, Idaho near Grainville, Idaho and Ashton, Idaho, was built in 1894.
The two center towers are about high, and with of truss above, the total distance from base to railroad bed is .
At each end are steel deck girders long at the north end and at the south end, and then timber approach spans 60 and 45 feet long.
It was built in 1911 with Pegram spans that had been fabricated in 1894 by the Union Bridge Company of New York, and had been used previously at a Snake River crossing at American Falls, Idaho.
In 1927 the steel girders were put into place, replacing original 1911 timber Howe trusses; these girders are believed to have been fabricated by Paxton & Verling Iron Works.
The Madigan Library (officially The Roger and Peggy Madigan Library) is a library on campus of the Pennsylvania College of Technology in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
The John T. Shuman Library occupied space on the first and second floors of the Learning Resources Center in the Lifelong Education Center.
The library hosts seating for over one thousand, fourteen private study lounges, three conference rooms , three classrooms, two computer labs and dozens of divided study desks with dual monitor computers.
The Madigan Library holds a collection of over 400,000 volumes, this includes 25,000 reference volumes and 70,000 volumes in the law collection.
The Milwaukee Road Depot in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin is a railroad depot built in 1896 and operated by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad.
On display outside is a railway platform and Northern Pacific Railway 1923, a passenger car that operated on the Kettle Moraine Scenic Railway which was later renovated and painted red.
The depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.
The winter quarters is built as a Circus Land with access for visitors during the winter holidays, summer holidays and autumn holidays, which offers a wide range of activities, rides and small performances.
The name Berdino was constructed by Victor Arne Olsen by a mixture of the name of a well-known escape artist Bernadi and a monkey named Dino.
In 1958 the preview show changed from being an attraction at markets on weekends to actual standalone circus performances and after 1959 Circus Arena was completely freed from the market craze.
In the first years the circus troupe consisted solely of the Berdino family who in addition to Arne Berdino consisted of the daughter Jytte and the son Benny as performers as well as Mrs. Lydia.
In the following years more artists joined in and the small business expanded from being Denmark's smallest circus into a neat medium-sized business with a four-masted circus tent.
His son Benny Berdino took over Circus Arena in 1976 after his father's sudden death and over the following decades he expanded the business into the largest circus in Scandinavia and within the nordic countries with several traveling businesses.
No one was seriously injured but nine were injured two of whom were sent to observation at the hospital with a concussion and hip fracture respectively.
The tent collapsed under heavy winds, but a report from the Danish Working Environment Service in August of the same year concluded that the actual setting up of the tent was the cause of the collapse and not the weather and the circus was given an injunction by the authorities.
In January 2014 the prosecutor in the case demanded that Cirkus Arena's manager Jackie Berdino-Olsen should be held responsible for the episode.. On April 30, 2015 the court dismissed all charges against Jackie Berdino-Olsen in the case of the tent collapse at Kalundborg.
The then government entered into an agreement with the Social Democrats and the Danish People's Party on March 23 2018 to obtain the necessary majority in the Danish Parliament (Folketinget) for the proposal to banned wild animals in the circus.
The conciliation parties arranged for a certain transitional arrangement for the four circus elephants in Denmark at the time (three in Circus Arena and one in Circus Trapez).
However the law did not reach adoption before the 2019 Danish general election which meant that it was still allowed to show elephants, sea lions and zebras if the conditions of the decree on holding and displaying animals in the circus were fulfilled.
In order to ensure that the elephants did not bring any diseases to the other animals in Knuthenborg Safaripark they were placed in quarantine since in the case of elephants there is a particular risk of tuberculosis.
Circus Arena's three elephants Lara and Djungla at 31 years and Jenny at 29 years underwent a health check in December and in January 2019 Circus Trapez's 35-year-old elephant Ramboline also underwent a health check.
To perform a health examination of an elephant it is necessary to semi-sedate it which involves a risk that something could go wrong and the animal dies.
In order to maintain the offer to receive the elephants in Knuthenborg Safari Park and to get the indispensable guarantee that the elephants were tuberculosis-free they could not be moved from their land and barn.
Benny Berdino had calculated that the costs of Circus Arena including investment in the required housing conditions amounted to almost 40 million Danish krones.
He believed that 20 million was a fair compensation for the elephants and the remaining investment in housing conditions made in accordance with the rules adopted by the Danish Parliament (Folketinget) in June 2009 based on a report from 2008 prepared by the Ministry of Justices working group on the holding of animals in the circuses.
The rules and the later order on the holding of animals in the circuses made it legal to allow elephants to perform but made a number of demands.
However the former government had only set aside 7 million Danish krones in the Finance Act for compensation or 1.75 million Danish krones for each elephant considering that was the maximum that the Danish state could pay without violating European Unions rules on state aid.
The web portal Cirkus in Denmark mentioned in their news report that when Cirkus Benneweis sold its three elephants in 1995 the best bid then was 250,000 Deutsche Marks for each elephant corresponding to approximately 950,000 Danish krones in 1995 (in 2018 that would correspond to approximately 1.5 million Danish krones).
The Germany women's cricket team are currently touring Oman in February 2020 to play a four-match bilateral Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) series.
This is the first bilateral series for both sides with WT20I status since the ICC's announcement that full WT20I status would apply to all the matches played between women's teams of associate members after 1 July 2018.
A Jeff Gordon fan as a child, Staropoli began kart racing at the age of 13 with the support of his father Nick, a mechanic who raced at the defunct Hialeah Speedway.
In 2013, he won the Peak Stock Car Dream Challenge, a reality television program in which the winner joined Michael Waltrip Racing's driver development program.
Along with runner-up Chase Briscoe, Staropoli raced for Bill McAnally Racing in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, finishing fifth in his debut at Spokane County Raceway.
In 2016, Staropoli joined Young's Motorsports and SS-Green Light Racing for his NASCAR Camping World Truck Series debut at Homestead–Miami Speedway.
After graduating summa cum laude from Harvard University in 2012, Staropoli attended the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
He graduated Alpha Omega Alpha from Miami in May 2017 and entered a residency at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute in June 2018.
Cooper worked part-time teaching English, typing and shorthand at the National Training School for Women and Girls and managed business classes in the adult education programs at the Arlington County Public Schools as part of the Federal Education Rehabilitation Act.
When Cooper moved to Arlington, Virginia, she found the segregated schools to be inadequate and sent her daughters to school in Washington D.C. like many other parents of the time.
Cooper founded and was the first president of the Arlington County branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
In 1942, she joined the executive board of the Virginia State Conference of the NAACP which challenged racial inequalities in the county's high schools.
Cooper was NAACP branch president during the 1940s as well as a member of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare where she was president of the SCHW's Arlington chapter.
Cooper helped organize the Jennie Dean Community Center Association, group that raised money to buy land for a recreation center open to black people.
This is a list of films which placed number one at the weekend box office for the year 2020 in Spain.
Strauss was born in the Ballard neighborhood of Seattle to a Jewish family of social workers and graduated from Nathan Hale High School.
He participated in the Northwest Youth Corps and local search and rescue groups in high school and the National Civilian Community Corps in college.
Strauss graduated with a degree in political science from Whittier College, where he was elected student body president, and a Master of Public Administration from the University of Oregon in 2012.
He was part of the campaign team for Snohomish County Executive Dave Somers during his 2013 reelection and worked as a legislative assistant for State Senator David Frockt.
Strauss announced his candidacy for the District 6 seat in February 2019, shortly before incumbent councilmember Mike O'Brien announced that he would not seek re-election.
He finished first out of 13 candidates in the primary election, with 34 percent of the vote, and advanced to the general election alongside former city councilmember Heidi Wills.
He won 55.65 percent of the vote and was sworn in on December 22, 2019, at a ceremony at the Ballard Centennial Bell Tower.
Réflexions sur la peine capitale is an essay on death penalty dating before its abolition in France, co-signed by two writers Albert Camus and Arthur Kœstler.
The trail has a long and high trestle bridge crossing over Conant Creek, on a former railroad bridge built in 1911, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
After running three races for them in 2015, Lira signed with Lira Motorsports to run the full season and for rookie of the year with them in 2016 in the No.
Lynn joined Venturini Motorsports to run two races in 2018, which were Talladega (where he finished 7th) and Charlotte (where he finished 10th).
20, a full-time car normally driven by Chandler Smith, who was ineligible to drive at that race because he was younger than 18 years old.
His father was Manuel Payno Bustamante González, founder of Matamoros Customs, in northern Tamaulipas.Little is known about his mother, some sources cite her name as María Josefa Cruzado Pardo who belonged to prominent family from Puebla.
In 1840, he served as secretary of general Mariano Arista, and when he achieved a lieutenant colonel rank was chief of a section of the Mexican Ministry of War.
In 1847 he fought against the American army invasion of Mexico during the Mexican-American War, he established the secret postal service between Mexico city and Veracruz.
He was Minister of Finance during the José Joaquín de Herrera administration (1850–1851) and also during the government of Ignacio Comonfort.
Inculpted as one of those involved in the coup d'état headed by Félix Zuloaga – absent from the government of Ignacio Comonfort – he was prosecuted and removed from politics.
Manuel Payno was also persecuted during the Second French Intervention in Mexico, and he ended up recognizing the government of Maximilian of Habsburg.
In 1891 he returned to Mexico and in 1892 he was again elected senator, a position he held until his death, on 5 November 1894 in San Ángel, Mexico city.
In this work the story stands out two main characters which are father and son, one peninsular Spanish (Old World Spanish) and the other Criollo (New World Spanish).
A costumbrista novel in which daily life details of society are depicted, comic passages abound in which a very Mexican grace and picaresque stands out.
Payno makes a long description of the environment and setting, including the background of the characters, the events revolve around all social strata of the time, an appropriate pretext to depict potentates, professionals, military, artisans, merchants, Indians, clerics and thieves.
The novel also depicts Mexico's cultural and ethnic diversity and the contrasts of lifestyles among social classes and life in the cities and the countryside.
Sheila Hyah Sarah Ernst (25 July 1941 – 6 February 2015) British psychotherapist who helped to develop a radical feminist approach to group analysis.
Ernst was born in London to Jewish parents from Palestine who trained as doctors and worked with children from concentration camps.
At the age of 8 Ernst was sent the progressive boarding school Dartington and later studied moral sciences and history from 1960 to 1963 Newnham College, Cambridge.
She worked in collaboration with others to establish a different approach to psychotherapy, helped establish and develop therapeutic centres, authored many books and worked in many different countries to support others to learn these new techniques.
She approached therapy from a political dimension, seeing ‘the personal is political’ moving away for just concentrating on the individual as the source of the issue.
She taught at Birkbeck College on the Psychodynamic Counselling Course and created academic links to support the development of her therapeutic approach.
In 1981, Ernst co authored 'In Our Own Hands' with Lucy Goodison which contained practical methods for running self-help groups which was draw from experiences of helping to setting up the Red Therapy group.
This text book provides details of a process for establishing and conducting a group work for therapists or those supporting therapeutic groups, such as nurses, doctors and other professionals, in a variety of contexts.
It seeks to uncover why things work as the do within groups, through the social, cultural and institutional dimensions within and outside of the group.
She worked at and helped to develop the Women’s Therapy Centre in London set up by fellow feminists and psychotherapists Luise Eichenbaum and Susie Orbach in 1976.
She was a consultant at the Medical Foundation for the Victims of Torture during a period of expansion at the centre.
Gate 4 ( 4), are the most popular organized supporters group of the Greek multi-sports club PAOK and has members from all over Greece and has over the years become a part of the club by affecting club decisions and by following the club on all possible occasions, also openly expressed opposition to the team's presidents.
Officially founded on September 25, 1976, but are not the PAOK's first fan club, as others had preceded both in Thessaloniki and Athens.
The group has a over of 120 sub-groups in various parts of the world, in Greece, Cyprus, Australia, Belgium, United States, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland.
Constantly on tour in order to follow their beloved team everywhere, some 3,000 PAOK fans descended to the Olympic Stadium of Athens for the game against Panathinaikos on 3 October 1999.
On its way back to Thessaloniki, the double-decker bus of the Kordelio fan club collided with a truck and fell into a ditch in the Vale of Tempe, Thessaly.
Six PAOK fans lost their lives (Kyriakos Lazaridis, Christina Tziova, Anastasios Themelis, Charalampos Zapounidis, Georgios Ganatsios, Dimitris Andreadakis) and many others were injured.
PAOK fans also have good relations with the fans of OFI Crete, a friendship that started in October 1987 when OFI faced Atalanta for 1987–88 Cup Winners' Cup at Toumba Stadium and numerous PAOK fans supported the Cretans.
Yukari Kondo (; born August 17, 1967 in Memanbetsu, Hokkaido, Japan) is a Japanese curler, a four-time (1994, 1995, 1996, 1997) and a five-time Japan women's champion (1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998).
Hui Aloha ʻĀina were two Hawaiian nationalist organizations (one for men and another for women) established by Native Hawaiian political leaders and statesmen and their spouses in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and Queen Liliʻuokalani on January 17, 1893.
The organization was formed to promote Hawaiian patriotism and independence and oppose the overthrow and the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.
Its members organized and collected the Kūʻē Petitions to oppose the annexation, which ultimately blocked a treaty of annexation in the United States Senate in 1897.
The two organizations have also been called Ka Hui Hawaiʻi Aloha ʻĀina o Na Kane and Ka Hui Hawaiʻi Aloha ʻĀina o Na Wahine or Ka Hui Hawaiʻi Aloha ʻĀina o Na Lede.
During the funeral processions of Princess Kaʻiulani and Queen Kapiʻolani in 1899, the organizations were referred to as Ahahui Aloha Aina and Ahahui Aloha Aina o na Wahine, respectively.
The organization was founded on March 4, 1893, two and half months after the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani by pro-American forces within the kingdom who established the Provisional Government of Hawaii.
The founding officers of Hui Aloha ʻĀina were Joseph Nāwahī, John Adams Cummins, John K. Kaunamano and John W. Bipikane, who were all former legislators or ministers in the Hawaiian monarchical government during the reigns of Liliʻuokalani and her predecessor King Kalākaua.
The objective of the organization was to promote Hawaiian patriotism and independence, oppose the overthrow, restore the monarchy, oppose the rule of the Provisional Government and its successor the Republic of Hawaii and oppose any attempts annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States.
By July 1893, the organization claimed total membership of 7,500 native-born Hawaiian qualified voters (out of 13,000 registered voters) and a women's branch of over 11,000 members.
A delegation of members presented the case of the monarchy and the Hawaiian people to the United States Commissioner James Henderson Blount who was sent by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the overthrow.
In anticipation of a new vote on an annexation treaty supported by President William McKinley, Hui Aloha ʻĀina and other Hawaiian nationalist groups collected the Kūʻē Petitions to oppose the treaties ratification in the United States Senate.
Members of Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Men and Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Women collected over 21,000 signatures across the island chain opposing annexation in 1897.
Another 17,000 signatures were collected by members of Hui Kālaiʻāina but not submitted to the Senate because those signatures were also asking for restoration of the monarchy.
These were submitted by a commission of Native Hawaiian delegates consisting of Kaulia, David Kalauokalani (president of Hui Kālaiʻāina), William Auld, and John Richardson to the United States government.
The petitions collectively were presented as evidence of the strong grassroots opposition of the Hawaiian community to annexation, and the treaty was defeated in the Senate.
However, a year following the defeat of the treaty in the Senate, Hawaii was annexed via the Newlands Resolution, a joint resolution of Congress, in July 1898.
This was done shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish–American War and necessitated by the strategic position of Hawaii as a Pacific military base.
A corresponding women's organization named Hui Aloha ʻĀina o Na Wahine (Hawaiian Women's Patriotic League) was founded on March 27, 1893 by Emilie Widemann Macfarlane, the part-Hawaiian daughter of Hermann A. Widemann.
On April 17, Macfarlane and a small group of younger Hawaiian women resigned their positions, after a dispute arose between two factions of the group over the wordings to the memorial seeking the restoration of the monarchy to be presented to the United States Commissioner James Henderson Blount sent by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the overthrow.
On April 18, an executive body of seven members: Campbell, Nāwahi, Rebecca Kahalewai Cummins, Mary Ann Kaulalani Parker Stillman, Jessie Kapaihi Kaae, Hattie K. Hiram, Laura Kekupuwolui Mahelona submitted a petition to Commissioner Blount.
In 1996, historian Noenoe K. Silva discovered the 21,269 signatures of the Kūʻē Petitions by Hui Aloha ʻĀina in the National Archives in Washington, DC, but the whereabout of the original Hui Kālaiʻāina petition remains unknown.
It brought the West Belt Branch of the former Oregon Short Line (later Union Pacific) railroad across Henry's Fork of the Snake River.
It was fabricated in 1896 by the Pencoyd Iron Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was originally used to span either the Weiser River near Weiser, Idaho or the Payette River near Payette, Idaho.
It was moved to its current location in 1914 during construction of the West Belt Branch of the Oregon Short Line.
George Purnell Gunn (October 11, 1903 – June 16, 1973) was an American prelate who served as the fifth Bishop of Southern Virginia between 1950 and 1971.
Gunn was born on October 11, 1903 in Winona, Mississippi, the son of the Reverend Elijah Steirling Gunn and Susan Ellwood Carter.
He was educated at the Virginia Episcopal School in Lynchburg, Virginia between 1921 and 1923 and then at the University of Virginia from 1924 and 1927, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1927.
He then became rector of Moore Parish in Altavista, Virginia and in 1932 became rector of the Church of the Good Shepherd in Norfolk, Virginia, where he remained till 1948.
She represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 50 metre breaststroke SB3.
In 1975, wealthy delinquent Heath Swanson drops out of high school and runs away from his home in San Diego, California to live in New York City.
While traveling across the United States, he stays in rural Texas, where he meets a group of individuals who decide to join Heath on his journey to New York.
The series has been reprinted as four hardcover bunkobon volumes published from December 1988 to March 1989, and as a four-volume softcover bunkobon set published in November 1994.
A revival of the play was staged at The Pocket in Tokyo from July 20 to August 5, 2018, with Kurata returning as director.
The series has been praised by critics for its unvarnished portrayal of the United States in the 1970s, and has been noted for its frank depiction of racism, poverty, and drug use.
In 1861, Andrus joined the 42nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, where he was promoted to the rank of captain from the rank first lieutenant.
Andrus was wounded at the battle of Missionary Ridge, and was a result discharged due to disability in the May of 1864.
On November 7, 1876, Andrus was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 25th district from January 3, 1877 to 1878.
The November 26 - December 3, 2019 American Blizzard was a major winter storm from the Rocky Mountains to the Northeast as well as a record breaking windstorm along the West Coast (In California and Oregon in particular).
It occurred the week of American Thanksgiving, hampering travel for millions across the United States.Moving ashore on the night of November 26 near the Oregon/California border, the storm produced a record low pressure reading of 973.4 millibars in Crescent City, California.
From November 27–30, the low merged with the subtropical jet as it tracked slowly eastward across the Rockies, Plains and Midwest.
The combination of cold air, moisture and high winds produced a wide swath of blizzard conditions from Colorado through western South Dakota, including the Denver area.
As the first major winter storm of the season in the northeast, it dumped 22.6 inches of snow in Albany, where it was the heaviest snowfall since the 1993 Superstorm.
Widespread totals in excess of 20 inches occurred in the Albany Metro, Southern New Hampshire and Northwestern Massachusetts with a regional peak of 36 inches of snow in New Ipswich, New Hampshire.
Entering the United States late on November 26 as a powerful Bomb Cyclone/Pacific Northwest Windstorm, it made landfall in Crescent City, California with a minimum pressure of 973.4 mb, unofficial breaking state records.
Over the following three days it merged with the Subtropical Jet Stream as it trekked slowly eastward over the Rockies, High Plains and Midwest.
On December 1–2 it entered the Northeast as the first major winter storm of the season, moving out to sea by December 3.
Whilst southern Oregon and northern California received wind gusts exceeding 100 mph, southern California and Arizona experienced widespread heavy rain, severe thunderstorms and flash flooding.
Although much of the L.A. Basin only received between ½ and ¾ of an inch of rain, local totals amounted to 2.17 inches of rain in Long Beach.
Following the recent drought and wildfires, the ground had reduced ability to absorb rain water and so the NWS warned of the possibility of flash floods and debris flows.
The snow was disruptive to Thanksgiving travelers as it weighed down and snapped tree limbs and closed Interstate 5 at Parker Road and the Grapevine.
Over a foot of snow fell in the mountains of northern Arizona and several tornado warnings for issued for the central portion of the state.
In the central and northern Plains freezing drizzle fell on Thanksgiving Day and Black Friday, transitioning to snow, and then heavy snow, overnight.
In Rapid City, South Dakota, 14.5 and 15.9 inches of snow fell, breaking the one-day and two-day November snowfall records respectively.
In Duluth, Minnesota, 21.7 inches of snow fell at the airport, where wind gusts frequently exceeded 35 mph, meeting blizzard criteria.
In Albany, 22.6 inches of snow fell, making the storm the eighth and fourth-worst overall and for December, respectively and the most intense since the 1993 Superstorm.
Seven New York counties placed on a 'State of emergency' and Boston public schools closed in the storm's aftermath, although school boards closed in a dozen counties from North Carolina to Maine.
Choi Min-ki (born November 3, 1995), known professionally as Ren, is a South Korean singer, actor, and television personality associated with Pledis Entertainment.
He also modeled for Park Yoon-so during the Fall/Winter Seoul Fashion Week, and his androgynous styling drew attention for breaking gender norms.
After the show's end, he and the remaining NU'EST members began promoting as the sub-group NU'EST W from 2017 to 2018.
The State Home and School for Dependent and Neglected Children was the first state home for needy children in the state of Rhode Island.
The school was established in 1884 and operated until 1979, when its remaining functions were taken over by other state organizations.
Most of its surviving grounds and buildings are now on the Rhode Island College East Campus, and have been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Prior to the founding of this school, neglected and needy children (either orphans or those whose parents could not care for them) were typically handled at the local or county level in poor houses.
In 1884 the state purchased a farm in what was then rural western Providence, which was adapted for use as a school and home.
The school's principal function came under criticism for extreme overcrowding, and the state began emphasizing placement of needy children in foster homes instead.
Updated views of the treatment of children in the institution also prompted the demolition of most of the older cottages in favor of more modern residential facilities in the 1950s, with an emphasis on short-term stays.
The facility continued to suffer from management and treatment issues, and was finally closed in 1979, its functions taken over by the state Department of Children, Youth , and Families.
Rhode Island College had established its current campus adjacent to the facility in 1958, and began to take over the former school buildings and grounds in the 1990s.
Scott started in kart racing when he was eight years old, and at the age of 14, he moved up to late models.
When he arrived at the airport there were 1,000 people waiting for him and four of the country's five television stations carried his arrival live.
After an opening round of 70 (−2) that put him three shots behind, Woods would play excellently over the last three days, shooting 64-66-68 to win by ten strokes.
She represented the team during a test series in Breda; at the 2016 Junior Oceania Cup on the Gold Coast; and at the 2016 FIH Junior World Cup in Santiago.
Following the Pro League, Hull appeared at the Oceania Cup in Rockhampton, where the Black Sticks won gold and gained qualification to the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Stanley Adair Cain (19 June 1902, Deputy, Indiana – 1 April 1995, Santa Cruz, California) was a botanist and pioneer of plant ecology and environmental studies.
His doctoral dissertation on the heath balds of the Great Smoky Mountains was based upon field work in 1929 and 1930.
At Butler University's department of botany, Cain was an instructor from 1924 to 1927, an assistant professor from 1927 to 1930, and an associate professor from 1930 to 1931.
At Indiana University, he was an assistant professor of botany from 1931 to 1933 and a research associate in the Waterman Institute from 1933 to 1935.
In 1945 Cain was a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army and served as chief of the scientific section of the American Army University in Biarritz in the French Basque Country.
In 1950 Samuel Trask Dana appointed him to the Charles Lathrop Pack Professorship of Conservation in the University of Michigan's School of Natural Resources.
Cain established the Department of Conversation in the School of Natural Resources and served as the Department's chair from 1950 to 1961.
The purpose of the U.N. Mission was to study rainforest vegetation in order to provide information for mosquito control in Brazil's efforts to prevent malaria.
From 1965 to 1968 Cain was on leave of absence so that he could serve as Assistant Secretary of the Interior in the Johnson Administration.
He was the author or co-author of over 100 articles in scientific journals, including Botanical Gazette, Ecological Monographs, American Midland Naturalist, Ecology, The Bryologist, Castanea, and American Journal of Botany.
The Freedom 35 is an American sailboat that was designed by David Pedrick as a racer/cruiser and first built in 1993.
The design was built by Tillotson Pearson for Freedom Yachts in the United States starting in 1993, but it is now out of production.
It has a free-standing (unstayed) fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a walk-through reverse transom with a swimming platform, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel or optional wing keel.
The galley is at the foot of the companionway steps, on the port side, and includes a two-burner propane stove, an icebox and a double sink.
It affords nice creature comforts while maintaining an essential degree of privacy for two couples or a family out for a couple of weeks.
The galley is a bit small but there has to be some sacrifice when you put two private sleeping areas into a 35-footer.
The mine office, and eventually the entire town of Day Dawn, were abandoned following the closure in 1918 of the adjacent Great Fingall Mine and the outbreak of World War One.
The mine office has significant heritage value as the only substantial building left in Day Dawn, and as a rare example of co-located administrative and assay offices.
The condition has declined due to decades without any use, but remains generally sound, with the only alterations being the removal of verandahs, deterioration related to exposure to weather, and vandalism.
There were initially concerns about the mining operation causing further deterioration to the historic building, due to flyrock from blasting, or of a wall collapse due to the closeness of the open cut pit, but by 1997 the threat was assessed as having passed.
By 2020, the growth of the mine to within of the building was endangering it – the gradual erosion of the edge could cause the mining office to slip into the mine.
Since , the Shire of Cue has been looking at relocating the heritage building to the town of Cue, where it could be restored, and opened to the public, but the $3 million cost is beyond the capacity of the shire, which was hoping for assistance from the state government and the mine's owner, Westgold.
The film was later released on VHS in the United Kingdom, and this release is now considered to be a valuable collector's item.
He is the Executive Vice Chairman of Tibet Autonomous Region and a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Tibet Autonomous Region Committee.
In September 1975, by age 14, he entered the Central Political and Legal Cadre School (now People's Public Security University of China}, where he graduated in August 1978.
In July 1998 he was transferred to Lhasa and appointed police chief and a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Lhasa Committee.
He served as Executive Vice Chairman of Higher People's Court of Tibet Autonomous Region in September 2006, and four months later promoted to the Chairman position.
He was a delegate to the 10th National People's Congress and a delegate to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
She is a professor of mathematics in the school of computing at Ulster University, and a former president of the Irish Statistical Association.
After studying at Queen's University Belfast, she earned a master's degree in mathematics from the University of Oxford and a second master's in mathematical statistics and operations research from Cardiff University.
Wild Things is a nature conservation organization based in the Chicago area that organizes one of the largest volunteer-led nature conservation conferences in the United States.
Every two years, Wild Things hosts the Wild Things Conference, a massive meeting of nature-lovers from all walks of life, from all around the world.
St Peter and St Sigfrid’s Church, often referred to locally as the English Church, is an Anglican church in Stockholm, Sweden.
It was built in the 1860s for the British congregation in the city and was originally located on Rörstrandsgatan (later renamed Wallingatan) in the Norrmalm district before being moved, stone by stone, to the Diplomatstaden area of Östermalm in 1913.
The church is part of Church of England's Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe and is dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Sigfrid.
In 1741 King Frederick I accepted their petition for the right to worship publicly, since a Swedish church had already been established in Wapping, London.
The church was supported by a poor box into which, until 1871, every English ship captain calling at Stockholm contributed 24 Swedish riksdaler.
A site was purchased on Rörstrandsgatan (later renamed Wallingatan) in the Norrmalm district of Stockholm, and the foundation stone of St Peter and St Sigfrid’s Church was laid and dedicated on 7 April 1863.
The original location being considered unsuitable, the church was moved, stone by stone, to the Diplomatstaden area of Östermalm, close to the British embassy, in 1913 thanks to the efforts of Crown Princess Margaret, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.
The reconstruction, including the addition of a vestry and the extension of the nave, was supervised by the Swedish architect A. E. Melander and took a total of nine months.
St Peter and St Sigfrid’s Church was designed by James Souttar and built by Albert Svennson, based on earlier plans drawn up by Gustavus Hamilton.
The organ was built in 1994 at Ålems Orgelverkstad in Småland and has one manual and ten and a half stops, with 650 pipes.
The church also contains a triptych from Oberammergau, a hanging crucifix dedicated in 1970 and a number of stained glass windows, including the large west window, which is dedicated to Crown Princess Margaret and depicts the life and faith of Saint Margaret of Scotland.
There are only two known populations in Costa Rica, with less than a total of thirty individual plants and a small population in Panama.
The plant is most easily propagated by seed, since cuttings can only be taken from the top of the plant due to apical dominance.
Seeds will germinate after one month, after which it takes three more weeks to fully emerge from the substrate and shed their seed coat.
Friday Joy Package () is a South Korean television program that airs on tvN every Friday at 21:10 (KST) starting January 10, 2020.
In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in and the lowest rating for the show will be in .
He won a bronze medal on each occasion; he won bronze in the men's 60 kg event in 2008, in the men's 67.5 kg event in 2012 and in the men's 65 kg event in 2016.
Authorities reported he had, in his hideout, a molotov cocktail, a machine gun, two pistols, a large supply of ammunition, and a cache of currency.
They reported that his subordinates were Abdullah Ali Al Darwish, Mazen Al Qaba, Mustafa Salman Al Sihwan, Maitham Al Qadihi and Ali Bilal Al Hamad.
The 1955 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1955 college football season.
In their first year under head coach George Blackburn, the Bearcats compiled a 1–6–2 and were outscored by a total of 199 to 97.
Adrian Guy Duplantier Sr. (March 5, 1929 – August 15, 2007) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.
On April 24, 1978, Duplantier was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana vacated by Judge Roger Blake West.
Edmund Tompkins DeJarnette, Jr. (January 15, 1938–April 6, 2015) was a Career Foreign Service Officer who held a variety of Ambassadorships.
He was the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Central African Republic (1983-1986), Tanzania (1990-1992) and was Director in Angola from 1992 until he was promoted to Ambassador in 1994.
For a few years, he worked for the Peace Corps - from 1970 to 1975 he was the director in Quito, Ecuador, and deputy director for Latin America.
The US did not recognize the Marxist government that emerged in Angola and he was there for two years before he was sworn in as Ambassador after the US recognized the government in 1993.
There was concern about kidnapping of the staff as well as the constant shelling in the area of the embassy until the Angolan government rescued DeJarnette and the rest of his staff with armored vehicles and tanks.
Tracey Shors is a neuroscientist and Distinguished Professor in behavioral neuroscience, systems neuroscience, and psychology as well as a member of the Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University.
Also, she developed MAP Training (Mental And Physical Training), which combines mental training with meditation and physical training with aerobic exercise.
She continued with postdoctoral training at USC and worked at Princeton University and Genentech before joining the faculty at Rutgers University in 1998.
She is a Distinguished Professor in behavioral neuroscience, systems neuroscience, and psychology as well as a member of the Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University.
Her lab at Rutgers in collaboration with Elizabeth Gould’s lab at Princeton, were the first to report that new neurons in the hippocampus are involved in processes of learning and memory.
She also conducted early research on sex differences in the brain and how they may contribute to the high incidence of depression, anxiety and PTSD in women.
Over the past ten years, her lab has been providing MAP Training to people with depression, trauma history, anxiety and HIV, as well as those living with the stress and trauma of everyday life.
Specifically, her lab reported that the combination of meditation and aerobic exercise can lessen depression, anxiety and traumatic thoughts about the past.
Shors is currently writing a book about trauma and the brain with Flatiron Press/MacMillan to be published in spring of 2021.
The 1956 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season under head coach George Blackburn.
Heun's design primarily used Italian Villa architecture, which was inspired by Lichtstern's travels to Italy, but also includes some Prairie School elements.
Its overall form, use of segmental arches, and balconies are typical of the Italian Villa style, but its leaded glass windows and overhanging eaves are Prairie School features.
The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as her companions, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, respectively, along with the return of John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness.
While her companions try to get her to talk about her search for the Master (given her assumption that he escaped the Kasaavin), the Doctor learns that a Judoon platoon has descended upon Gloucester and put a forcefield around the city in search of a fugitive.
Upon landing and unbeknownst to the Doctor, Graham is teleported to a stolen spaceship piloted by Captain Jack Harkness who mistook Graham for the Doctor.
The Doctor intervenes when the Judoon try to attack the apartment of Lee and Ruth Clayton, and stalls them long enough to question the couple and find a hidden box.
Lee refuses to answer the Doctor's questions, but he covers the group's escape, turning himself in to the Judoon before being killed by their contractor, Gat, who recognises him as the fugitive's associate.
Whilst the Doctor flees with Ruth to Gloucester Cathedral, Ryan and Yaz are teleported to Harkness' ship, which is now being attacked by its rightful owners.
He is forced to teleport due to the ship's anti-theft attack system while Graham, Ryan, and Yaz are transported back to Gloucester.
With Ruth unable to explain herself, she reveals Lee sent her a text before his death that leads them to a lighthouse where she grew up.
With neither remembering the other, the Doctor assumes Ruth to be an unknown past incarnation while Ruth reveals that she used a chameleon arch to hide herself from her former associate Gat.
Ruth's TARDIS is then taken aboard the Judoon ship, and the Doctor and Ruth confront Gat, who is revealed to be a Time Lord with orders to retrieve Ruth.
The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as her companions, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, respectively.
The 1957 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.
Julie Novkov is an American political scientist, currently a professor of political science and women’s, gender, and sexuality studies at the University at Albany, SUNY.
She studies the history of American law, American political development, and subordinated identities, with a focus on how laws are used for social control while also being affected by social reform movements.
Novkov then became a graduate student in political science at the University of Michigan, receiving an MA in 1994 and a PhD in 1998.
Since 2018 she has been the Director of Undergraduate Studies in that department, and from 2008-2011 she was the Director of Graduate Studies.
To establish the gendered origins of modern employment laws, Novkov draws on hundreds of cases that concerned labor issues between 1873 and 1937, from both the state and federal level.
This book studies the history and use of bans on interracial marriage in Alabama, which retained language against interracial marriages until 2000.
Novkov separates the legal history of Alamaba's anti-miscegenation law into several periods within the span 1865-1954, and uses the legal trends within each period to argue that the anti-miscegenation law was being used as a tool of state-building.
In addition to publishing in political science journals, she has also published extensively in law reviews, and has served as an editor for several books.
Novkov is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
Novkov's work has been cited in media reports on topics like interracial marriage laws, bias in academia, and political divisions in America.
She captured a few merchant vessels in the West Indies, but spent most of her service escorting convoys across the Atlantic.
Al-Jirani's body was discovered on December 25, 2017, and three men suspected of playing a role in his murder were apprehended: Abdullah Ali Ahmed Al-Dirweesh, Mazen Ali Ahmed and Mustapha Ahmed Salman Al-Sahwanb.
Other suspects remained at large, including: Mohammed Hussain Ali Al-Ammar, Maitham Ali Mohammed Al-Qidaihji, Ali Bilal Saud Al-Hamad, Zaki Mohammed Salman Al-Faraj and Salman bin Ali Salman Al-Faraj.
The 1958 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season under head coach George Blackburn.
The Museum on Miniatures in Prague features a number of miniature works of art, some of them needing to be viewed with a microscope or magnifying device.
Towards 1527, there was an indigenous settlement named Saucha on the banks of the river, made up of houses built with reeds.
On May 13, 1528 the Spanish expedition commander Francisco Pizarro arrived, leaving two Spaniards in place to recognize the place and learn the local language.
The Spanish foundation was officially ordered on August 2, 1556 by viceroy Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, with the title of city of Santa María de la Parrilla.
The role and understanding of seer stones in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has shifted throughout its history.
References to the Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints), spectacles, and interpreters are also included, as the term has been conflated at times with the term seer stones.
Navy bands in Canada are part of the Royal Canadian Navy's command structure and overseen by the Music Branch of the Canadian Forces and the Directorate of History and Heritage of the Department of National Defence.
Navy music dates back to the era in which the Military of New France was the primary mitary force of the region.
Musical units were primarily attached to the Compagnies Franches de la Marine and the Troupes de la marine, both of which were autonomous naval infantry units attached to the French Royal Navy.
Marine bands and their respective corps of drums provided music aboard ships before and during battles of the Napoleonic Wars, notably during actions in the Battle of Trafalgar.
Halifax's history with naval music dates back to its establishment, with the cities ports supporting the garrison and fleet bands in the city.
After 1870, the presence of naval bands, particularly fleet bands, became insignificant in Western Canada and specifically in Victoria, British Columbia.
Among the last British naval bands to go to Western Canada in the 19th century was the one from HMS Warspite (03) from 1890-1893 and from 1899-1902.
The history of naval bands in the British Columbia area goes back to the 1920s when various military bands provided musical support for HMCS Naden in the pre-World War II era.
In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Commander and appointed music director of the RCN School of Music in Toronto.
One of these bands was the Naden Band, formed in August 1940, which soon gained recognition as one the premier Canadian navy bands, with its duties during the war consisting of keeping civilian and military morale high.
The Royal Canadian Navy School of Music was created in 1954 in Esquimalt, British Columbia for musicians of the RCN, with the school being the Canadian equivalent of the United States Armed Forces School of Music.
In 1961, the school was expanded and rebranded to include musicians from the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force and by the time of the Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in February 1968, the school had officially been renamed to the Canadian Forces School of Music.
Until it was dissolved, the Band of HMCS Carleton served as the effective Central Band of the RCN as it was based in Ottawa, the national capital.
The 1994 Canadian federal budget resulted in the disbanding of five of the nine regular force bands, including the Naden Band.
In June 1997, Art Eggleton, the then Minister of National Defence announced a restructuring of the Music Branch and the creation of a new band in Victoria, re-establishing a full-time regular force naval band on the West Coast.
Since 2007, Naval musicians, along with musicians from the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force have manned the Band of the Ceremonial Guard in Ottawa, adopting the uniforms of the CG's two Foot Guard regiments, the Governor General's Foot Guards from Ottawa and the Canadian Grenadier Guards from Montreal.
While most naval band members have some sort of part-time contract with the band, the RCN's two professional bands are composed of musicians with musical experience such as a music major.
Unlike the United Kingdom and more like United States military bands, Canada's navy, as well as other military services, sports Sousaphones in its bands.
Due to a lack of a central band, many combined bands have performed when trying to represent the RCN as a whole.
In the Royal Canadian Navy, corps of drums have been historically attached to military bands at the front-rank following the precedent the bands of the Royal Navy and the Corps of Royal Marines.
After the 1968 Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, corps of drums in both the RCN, were dismantled and abolished, although notably making a return in the mid-1980s within the naval reserve.
In July 2013, a five-person corps of drums was unveiled for the first time by the Naden Band of Maritime Forces Pacific a Victoria Day Parade.
During the Second World War, many naval units maintained small corps of drums that were stationed at all major navy bases.
While most of them were staffed by active duty sailors, others were volunteer bandsmen, who served as reservists and professional civilian percussionists.
Naval bands primarily participate in military parades, in concert, and play a role in solemn ceremonies such as military funerals and ceremonies such as the Ceremony of the Flags, and the Presentation of Colours.
For reserve bands, they often participate in community as well as country's most revered commemorative naval eventa such as Remembrance Day parades and the Battle of the Atlantic anniversary.
In September 2010, the Royal Canadian Navy sponsored the Canadian Naval Centennial Tattoo in Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver celebrating the 100th anniversary of the RCN.
Among the foreign and non RCN bands that performed were the Band of the Royal Marines, the Vancouver Police Pipe Band, and the Pipe Band of The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada.
Performances on Parliament Hill for military parades and the Fortissimo Sunset Ceremony have taken place, as well as ceremonies at the nearby National War Memorial.
The Royal Canadian Navy operates two full-time professional bands, one for each operational area of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Atlantic in the East and Pacific in the West.
The Stadacona Band is based at CFB Halifax, and represents Maritime Forces Atlantic, whereas the Naden Band represents Maritime Forces Pacific, based at CFB Esquimalt.
Both bands are brass and reed bands (band's consisting of brass instruments and woodwind instruments) and are part of the Regular Force.
The Canadian Forces Naval Reserve maintains five military bands, that are also supported by a summertime band made up of musicians those five Naval Reserve bands that come together to form the National Band of the Naval Reserve, which spends the summer season performing throughout Canada.
Being voluntary bands, they are staffed by cadets from their respective units, typically being assisted by instructors in Canadian military bands of the Regular Force and Primary Reserve.
As of 2002, there were 28 Sea Cadet bands in Ontario alone, with 16 of them being drum and bugle corps.
Units larger than thirty people usually sport one of the three, or even will have lone instrument players such as a drum and bell (glockenspiel), a drum line or a lone piper.
Pipe Band notably exist in Sea Cadets bands, although they are rare due to both the lack of a Naval tradition of piping, and the comparative expense of the instruments.
The drum majors of these bands use a different command styles from their counterparts in the RCN, particularly with commands such as countermarch and marktime.
The 1959 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season under head coach George Blackburn.
Players explore the area capturing the eponymous Temtem creatures and command them in battles against other Temtem controlled by an NPC or another player.
In the game, players assume the role of a novice Temtem tamer who start their journey around the six floating islands of the Airbone Archipelago while facing the threat of Clan Belsoto, an evil organization that plans to rule over the islands by force.
Joanna McKittrick (1954 – November 15, 2019) was an American engineer and college professor, the second woman to join the engineering faculty at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).
She earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado, Boulder, and a master's degree from Northwestern University.
The 1963 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1963 NCAA University Division football season.
In their third season under head coach Chuck Studley, the Bearcats compiled an 6–4 record (2–1 against conference opponents) and shared the MVC championship with .
Architect Arthur Heun, who also designed a nearby home for Loeb's brother Allan, designed the house in the Georgian Revival style.
The house's design includes a brick exterior, a fanlight above the front door, a pediment at the roofline above the entrance, and a hip roof.
Landscape architect Jens Jensen designed the house's grounds, which feature characteristic elements of Jensen's work such as curved paths and native plants.
Child Guidance was both an evolving 20th-century social construct, sometimes called the Child Guidance Movement, and an influential network of multidisciplinary clinics set up to address the problems of childhood and adolescence.
It began in the United States and after World War I spread rapidly to Europe, especially to England, though not to Scotland.
It therefore predated the advent of child psychiatry as a medical specialism and of distinct child psychiatric departments as part of modern hospital settings.
Although people working in the child guidance movement were among the first to adopt child psychotherapy as a treatment method and generated a body of mainly psychoanalytic theory on child development based on observation and case studies, they were late in adopting the scientific method.
The movement can be dated to 1906 Chicago as a response to juvenile delinquency, when the city was at the forefront of progressive ideas about legislation and treatment.
Striving towards civic advancement and supported by the city's interested professionals such as teachers, social workers, lawyers, academics, doctors, community leaders and politicians, the Juvenile Courts and correctional institutions ended the incarceration of children with adults.
It was established by the Jewish Health Organisation, aided by the LCC, to help children deemed to have emotional, behavioural and educational difficulties.
The initial model adopted by child guidance clinics in England was to act as a child and adolescent assessment centre staffed by a lead physician, later a child psychiatrist, assisted by an educational psychologist, or sometimes a clinical psychologist and trained social workers.
During World War II, the mass evacuation of children from cities and their families not only created a vast logistical challenge, but offered a unique opportunity to study the impacts on individuals.
Just prior and after the war, there was a significant influx of refugee child care specialists to the UK from Europe, many of whom were psychoanalytically trained, and who in time exerted influence within child guidance clinics.
Their accent on child development stages and new treatment methods put a strain on the Medical model and hierarchical structure of the clinics and led to inter-professional conflicts.
With a changing social landscape in the country and new trends in sociology and culture as well as in criminology, followed by the introduction of Family therapy, the clinics struggled to adapt to new demands.
Surviving are a son and daughter by his first marriage, Robert Citkowitz and Dr. Elena Citkowitz Hoffman; three daughters by his second marriage, Natalya, Eugenia and Ivana; a sister and two grandchildren.
The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (CGHFBC) is a group of scientific researchers who conduct meta-analyses of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on risk factors for breast cancer in women.
Their earliest publications were a 1996 meta-analysis of 54 studies on hormonal birth control and breast cancer risk and a 1997 meta-analysis of 51 studies on menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk.
One of their recent publications was a 2019 meta-analysis of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk based on type and timing of therapy.
Abdul Abanda Rahman (born 24 August 1990), known as Abanda Rahman is a Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as an centre-back or a striker for PSIS Semarang in the Liga 1.
They have had five managers in their history (including two caretakers), the first being Tony Popovic and the current being Jean-Paul de Marigny, who's a caretaker.
A driver is shown watching this video as the camera zooms out from the tutorial and promptly hits lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong in a grocery store parking lot as a result.
On November 7, 2000, Ellis won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 3, seat B. Ellis defeated JoAnn Harvey with 56.9% of the votes.
Pagglait is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language comedy drama film directed by Umesh Bist, produced by Shobha Kapoor, Ekta Kapoor and Guneet Monga under the banners Balaji Motion Pictures and Sikhya Entertainment.
The story of film about a young girl as she discovers her purpose and identity amidst looming questions about love and belonging in the neo-modern small-town India.
In November 2, 1926, Rushton was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 30th district from January 5, 1927 to 1932.
In 2014, before running for governor, Irina Vlah left the Communist faction in Parliament, protesting that the party's national leadership was betraying pro-Russian voters.
She was also one of the initiators of a movement that led to the 2015 referendum for Gagauzia to join the Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union.
During the 2015 campaign Russian celebrities and deputies of the Russian State Duma publicly backed Vlah; in response the Moldovan government accused Russia of meddling in the election and threatened to ban those involved from entering the country.
Ukraine reinforced its western border adjacent to Gagauzia upon the victory of Vlah, a pro-Russian candidate, only a year after the annexation of Crimea and amidst the ongoing war against Russian-backed forces in its eastern provinces.
Valerii Ianioglo was supported by United Gagauzia, whilst Nicolai Dudoglo was backed by the Democratic Party, the Equality Movement and New Gagauzia.
Sverdrup was born in Stockholm; he was the son of the bishop and politician Jakob Sverdrup and the brother of the Germanic philology professor Jakob Sverdrup and the zoologist Aslaug Sverdrup Sømme.
After graduation, he worked as an instructor and school principal in Molde and at the Tanks Upper Secondary School in Bergen.
After the Second World War, he received a professorship in religious studies at the University of Oslo as the successor to Wilhelm Schencke.
Esther 10 is the tenth (and the final) chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter is an encomium to Mordecai, showing his power alongside that of the king, being a Jew as second in command to a Gentile king, serving the interests of both groups—Persians and Jews.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
A naturist resort or nudist resort is an establishment that provides accommodation (or at least camping space) and other amenities for guests in a context where they are invited to practise naturism – that is, a lifestyle of non-sexual social nudity.
Naturist communities were once referred to as nudist colonies, and this term still exists in popular culture, but it is avoided by most naturists today due to negative connotations.
Naturist resorts and communities exist on a spectrum without sharp distinctions – a naturist resort might be primarily commercial in focus but also accommodate some permanent residents, while a naturist community might be primarily residential but also cater to some paying visitors.
Some naturist resorts and communities require nudity as a condition of remaining on the site; others are clothing-optional, allowing people to wear clothing so long as they tolerate others going nude.
A few naturist communities are large enough to host businesses such as shops, banks, and restaurants; these may be referred to as naturist villages.
The earliest known naturist club, the Fellowship of the Naked Trust, was founded in Matheran in British India in 1891 by a District and Sessions judge named Charles Crawford.
A proposal to add a female branch to the organization was never realized, and it went out of existence when Crawford was transferred to Ratnagiri shortly thereafter.
Correspondence between Crawford and early gay rights activist Edward Carpenter suggests the latter knew of similar groups in Vienna and Munich at the time, but no other evidence of their existence has surfaced.
Marcel Kienné de Mongeot is credited with introducing naturism to France in 1920, seeing it as a potential cure for tuberculosis (which had affected his family).
An early forerunner was the American Sunbathing Association, which was founded in 1931, and has now become the American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR).
Most of the national organizations were created in the 1940s and 1950s, including the British Sun Bathers Association (now British Naturism), the Féderation Française de Naturisme, the Canadian Sunbathing Association (now a division of the AANR), and the New Zealand Sunbathing Association (now the New Zealand Naturist Federation).
The INF was founded at the world's first naturist holiday centre, Centre Hélio-Marin (CHM) Montalivet in France, which had been opened three years previously by Albert and Christine Lecocq.
Croatia is reputed to have been the first European country to develop commercial naturist resorts, at a time when naturism in other countries was limited to membership clubs (and when Croatia was part of Yugoslavia).
More commercial resorts followed in France, notably the Oltra Club in Cap d'Agde, a camping and caravanning site which in the 1970s became the nucleus of the new Naturist Village.
Today most naturist clubs with land and facilities operate them as resorts catering to paying guests, although many are still focused primarily on club members.
The first two decades of the 21st century saw the appearance of the first commercial naturist resorts in South East Asia, with nine operating in Thailand as of the opening of Barefeet Heaven Hill Naturist Resort in December 2019, and two in Bali.
Whilst tolerance for nudity in general is increasing over time, and higher among younger generations, naturist club membership numbers have fallen in recent decades and average members are increasingly older people.
It is speculated that younger naturists no longer feel they need to join a club or visit a resort in order to practise naturism.
A naturist resort will reliably have facilities for swimming, whether an artificial pool or access to a natural body of water; in the former case, even resorts that are clothing-optional typically require nudity in the pool.
A large nude volleyball tournament (over 70 teams) has been held each autumn since 1971 at White Thorn Lodge in western Pennsylvania and several smaller tournaments occur each year throughout North America.
The exceptions, adults-only swingers' resorts such as Hedonism II in Jamaica, are not affiliated with any naturist organizations, and their practices are not accepted as naturist by most naturists.
Historically, most naturist clubs and resorts refused entry to men who were not accompanied by women, and these restrictions still remain in many places.
Most clubs have restrictions on photography; at the loosest, it is forbidden to photograph adults without their permission or children other than one's own.
The subgenre petered out in the mid-1960s due to a combination of falling audience numbers and law changes which rendered the documentary pretext unnecessary.
The Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.
On November 5, 1838, Trowbridge was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 3rd district from January 7, 1839 to 1841.
On November 1, 1841, Trowbridge was again elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 6th district from January 3, 1842 until the end of 1842.
During this time, Alley gained interest in western swing music, a genre which merged his love for swing music and country.
The tornado outbreak of January 10–11, 2020 was a two-day severe weather event stretching from the South-Central Plains eastward into the Southeast United States.
An eastward-moving shortwave trough tracked across the continental United States through that two-day period, combining with abundant moisture, instability, and wind shear to promote the formation of a long-lived squall line.
Hundreds of damaging wind reports were received, and 79 tornadoes occurred within this line, making it the third largest January tornado outbreak on record.
Three tornadoes—an EF1 in eastern Texas, an EF2 in northern Louisiana, and an EF2 in western Alabama—led to a total of seven deaths, all in mobile homes.
The severe weather event was notable in that it was forecast well in advance, with the Storm Prediction Center first highlighting the risk area a full week beforehand.
Beginning on January 5, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) highlighted the potential for organized severe weather across central Texas eastward into far western Georgia valid for January 10–11.
The day 7 outlook issued that day constituted only the fourth time a severe weather risk had been delineated a week in advance in January, alongside January 23, 2013, January 18, 2010, and January 1, 2008.
Despite the unusually high confidence at a long lead time, the threat region aligned well with climatologically favored areas for severe weather during the month.
On January 6, the day 6 outlook for January 10 raised portions of northeastern Texas, northwestern Louisiana, southeastern Oklahoma, and southern Arkansas to a 30% probability of severe weather, equivalent to an Enhanced risk.
Much of Alabama and Mississippi, in addition to a small section of both Louisiana and Florida, were upgraded to an Enhanced risk in the following day's outlook as well.
On January 9, after days of refining the risk area, the SPC elevated northeastern Texas, northern Louisiana, and far southern Arkansas to a Moderate risk.
Although the Moderate risk was initially issued given high confidence in a widespread damaging wind event, including the potential for a derecho, the morning outlook on January 10 raised the potential for strong, long-tracked tornadoes across eastern Texas, northern Louisiana, southern Arkansas, and extreme western Mississippi.
At the start of the day, a cold front was analyzed from south-central Kansas southwestward into an area of low pressure across the Texas Panhandle.
Aloft, a deep shortwave trough across the Southwestern United States pushed eastward, resulting in cold mid-level temperatures and the development of a modestly unstable environment.
In the presence of strong wind shear, and given the impetus for convective development, thunderstorms mainly capable of a severe hail threat began to form throughout the morning hours.
As the cold front shifted eastward, a line of thunderstorms developed along this boundary from southern Missouri down into central Texas.
Despite the expectation that supercells capable of strong tornadoes would precede this line, convection instead failed to organize in an unstable but slightly capped environment.
The SPC ultimately decided to downgrade tornado probabilities and remove the hatched area denoting the potential for strong tornadoes in their 01:00 UTC outlook.
Throughout the overnight hours, the southern edge of the convective line surged eastward at an increasing rate, leading to interaction with pre-frontal thunderstorms that increased rotation in an already volatile environment.
An EF1 tornado west-southwest of Nacogdoches, Texas, led to the death of one person while a long-tracked EF2 tornado stretching from southeast of Bossier City to north of Arcadia, Louisiana, led to three more fatalities; all four deaths were in mobile homes.
By the afternoon hours of January 11, the already intense line of convection consolidated further as instability increased and an upper-level trough approached from the west.
Numerous other tornadoes and hundreds of damaging wind reports were recorded throughout the afternoon, but the squall line began to weaken late on January 11 as the forcing mechanism lifted northeast into the Ohio River Valley and as daytime heating waned.
Identicide is the targeting of a people’s cultural identity through the destruction of their places and objects with the intention to rid an area of that people.
The term was 1998 in coined by Sarah Jane Meharg, Ph.D. while completing her studies at the Royal Military College of Canada.
Because it cannot be named as such until after the fact, earlier intentional and destructive acts are often termed ‘potential genocide’ or ‘possible genocide’.
Identicide, as argued by Meharg, is centered around erasing the link between people and their places, in order to weaken cultural identity and create anomie.
These roots of identity are not only based within the people who inhabit a certain region, but also amongst the cultural infrastructure (i.e.
any form of literature, libraries), and social behaviors that support the functionality and cohesiveness a given community and contribute to their uniqueness and specificity that could be recalled, affecting the memory of their unique heritage, historical power and environment and ethnic leverage in a region over time.
The continued presence of such material and places allow a people’s identity to continue to live on, whether those people still exist, have evolved or have been eliminated, and as such their identity remains preserved in the memory of mankind and society.
According to Meharg, identicide is a deliberate act, normally performed as a tactic of armed conflict, but more specifically is aa strategy of warfare that deliberately targets and destroys cultural elements of a people through a variety of means in order to contribute to eventual acculturation, removal and/or total destruction of a particular identity group, including its contested signs, symbols, behaviours [sic], values, heritages, places and performances.
Identicide is the intentional killing of the relatedness between people and place that eliminates the bond, which underpins individual, community and national identity….Identicide takes many forms but serves a single function: to negatively affect the relationships between people and their places.
The tactics involved in identicide involve those that eliminate the bond between places and people, to include (but not restricted to) the burning of libraries and literature, the bombing of symbolic and sacred sites, as well as the appropriation of the vernacular places that have no military importance during conflict with the exception that a group of people is rooted to these places and material and identifies with them.
Belligerents seek to systematically destroy identity elements, causing anomie and other behavioral and attitudinal reactions, which can result in the group moving away, or submitting to control.
Identicide can take many forms, where the intense killing of a people in a short amount of time, as well as the physical destruction of its link with a place or region, are the more recognizable acts that fall within its scope.
However, longer term and more subtle acts, such as absorbing and integrating a culture within another through the transformation of religion, language, and social practices, or imposing/preventing demographic shifts within a community, with a final outcome to deliberately eliminate the remnants of a specific people and their landscape, could also be viewed as forms of identicide.
Identicide includes willful acts of destruction of the places, symbols, objects and other cultural property that represents the identity of a people, with the intent to erase the cultural narrative of that people in a particular region over time.
Identicide occurs before and during violent armed conflict and can be the precursor to genocide but does not necessarily result in genocide.
KWKW (1330 AM) – branded Tu Liga Radio 1330 – is a commercial Spanish language sports radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California.
Owned by Lotus Communications, the station serves Greater Los Angeles and much of surrounding Southern California, and is the Los Angeles affiliate of TUDN Radio.
The KWKW studios are located in the Los Angeles Hollywood Hills neighborhood, while the station transmitter resides in the nearby Crenshaw District, shared with KABC (790 AM) and KFOX (1650 AM).
Historically, this station is perhaps best known as KFAC, one of the most visible commercial fine arts/classical music stations in the United States, and one of the first to have adopted the format on a full-time basis.
By the time of their sales and format changes in 1989, KFAC and FM adjunct KFAC-FM (92.3) were two of only 41 stations—out of 9,000 commercial U.S. radio stations in operation—that played classical music.
The current KWKW license holds the distinction of being the oldest surviving radio station in the United States to have been built and signed on by a religious institution, while KWKW itself is Southern California's oldest Spanish-language radio station, having begun operations in 1941 as Pasadena station KWKW (1300 AM); its programming moved from 1300 AM to 1330 AM in 1989 when the latter was sold.
The Bible Institute of Los Angeles signed on station KJS on March 22, 1922, operating from their headquarters at Sixth and Hope Streets.
KJS programming primarily consisted of church services, including from the institute's affiliated Church of the Open Door, though programs from other churches were also featured.
KTBI's program director in 1927, Herbert G. Tovey, also conducted the institute's women's glee club; the Bible Institute offered a range of music courses to its students.
The station broadcast on a variety of frequencies—including 1020 kHz (sharing time with KHJ), 1040 kHz, and 1090 kHz—before receiving the 1300 kHz assignment in General Order 40 reallocation.
General Order 40 paired the station with another religious outlet: KGEF, the station of controversial evangelist Robert P. Shuler and his Trinity Methodist Church.
KTBI operated on a noncommercial basis, and when the Great Depression hit, a fall in donations led to the station becoming unsustainable for the institute to operate.
The Los Angeles Broadcasting Company was headed up by Errett Lobban Cord, a manufacturer best known for the Auburn and Cord automobile lines, and by O.R.
Cord and Fuller also had purchased KFVD in Culver City, based at Hal Roach Studios; both they and KFAC would remain at their original sites until both relocated to the Fuller Motors dealership in Wilshire Center, directly adjacent to the Wilshire Community Church.
Large radio towers were erected on top of the dealership, they were purely for display and advertisement purposes, as KFAC's actual transmitter site was moved to Los Angeles' Crestview neighborhood.
Fuller and his company went bankrupt prior to completion of the studios in 1932, prompting Cord to acquire KFAC and KFVD outright.
KFVD would be spun off to Standard Broadcasting Co for $50,000 on July 15, 1936, and moved out of the dealership two years later.
Cord divested his automotive holdings, which were merged into the Aviation Corporation in 1933, to separate interests in 1937 for $2.5 million.
Starting in 1932, KFAC began broadcasting unlimited time through a series of authorizations under special temporary authority; this arrangement became permanent in January 1933 when the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) deleted KGEF's license over Shuler's controversial views, following a series of failed appeals.
This would soon extend to 24-hour broadcasting for KFAC starting on March 8, 1935, joining KGFJ, which broadcast around the clock starting in 1927; both stations preceded WNEW in New York City, which started unlimited broadcasting that August 6.
The show also broadcast live performances every Friday afternoon for a live studio audience of children under the age of 12, Nelson himself also performed weekly puppet shows at Bullock's on Saturday afternoons.
The station also carried games from the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League starting with the 1936 season, the majority of which would be recreations produced at their studios.
Legendary broadcaster Stan Chambers began his career in 1937 as an actor for a weekly children's program produced by one of his teachers at St. Brendan School, visiting the station repeatedly.
During this transitional period, in 1943, Steve Allen was hired as an overnight announcer on KFAC, having been recommended for the job by Madelyn Pugh Davis, who heard him perform on KOY (550 AM) in Phoenix.
Harry Mitchell, a former announcer at the Hollywood Palladium, was appointed as program director on July 6, 1944, and pledged to have the station place a greater emphasis on live programming.
E.L. Cord allegedly toured the studios one day in 1945 and recognized the substantial investments KFAC had made in classical recordings, finalizing the evolution.
While very much still a commercial station, Cord continued to operate KFAC mostly as a personal hobby despite not knowing much about the genre, his own personal tastes were eventually reflected in the station's presentation that persisted for decades.
KFAC also would hire veteran radio announcer/actor Dick Joy as their news director in 1951, handling all newscasts in the morning and some in the early afternoon.
KFAC signed on an FM adjunct, KFAC-FM, on December 29, 1948 at 104.3 MHz; the FM antenna was initially placed at the AM transmitter site, which was moved to the Crenshaw district in 1947, this site is still in use today by KWKW, as well as KABC and KFOX.
KFAC-FM would do just that, filing paperwork with the FCC in March 1954 to move the antenna to Mount Wilson and shifting frequencies from 104.3 MHz to 92.3 MHz, increasing the potential audience by 1.5 million people and the overall coverage area from 720 square miles to 8,300 square miles.
While the facility changes took place a few days prior, it was formally dedicated as part of another pseudo-stereo broadcast from the Bowl on July 15, 1954.
Both KFAC and KFAC-FM would move out of the Fuller Motors dealership penthouse to new studios at the Prudential Square in the Miracle Mile district, now known as SAG-AFTRA Plaza.
The studio move was completed on April 1953 when KFAC general manager Calvin Smith, Los Angeles Mayor Fletcher Bowron and Prudential Insurance vice president Harry Volk participated in a ceremonial soldering ceremony; KFAC experienced no loss of air time in the process.
As KFAC solidified its reputation and format as a classical music outlet, it also set out to remove some of the few remaining deviations from its format.
On February 15, 1957, it notified the First Methodist Church of Los Angeles, which paid commercial rates to broadcast its Sunday morning service over KFAC, that it would terminate the agreement.
KFAC carried First Methodist's morning and evening services beginning in 1942; in 1951, the station had removed the evening service from its schedule.
After First Methodist asked the FCC for a hearing into the issue, claiming that the cancellation affected the station's commitment at its last license renewal to carry 1.79 percent religious programming, the commission denied the request in May.
The two stations would remain in E.L. Cord's name until August 1962, when he would sell them to Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated, headed by former Cleveland, Ohio mayor Raymond T. Miller, for a combined $2 million.
Miller also owned WLEC and WLEC-FM in Sandusky, Ohio and had founded WERE (1300 AM) and WERE-FM (98.5) in Cleveland, and pledged to maintain KFAC's classical format.
The pseudo-stereo broadcasts over KFAC and KFAC-FM continued until KFAC-FM converted to stereophonic sound in 1964, at one point, those broadcasts were offered for 12 hours each week.
KFAC at this time boasted weekly concert broadcasts by the Hollywood Bowl Symphony and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, in addition to concert series from the Los Angeles Symphonies' high school and the Los Angeles Art Museum.
Taking place every weekday at the Los Angeles Music Center's Pavilion Restaurant, Thomas Cassidy was the program's original host, primarily interviewing classical music artists.
Martin Workman became a substitute host in 1973 and succeeded Cassidy as host in 1976, broadening the show's focus to include opera, ballet, operetta and theater.Raymond T. Miller died on July 13, 1966.
One of his sons, Robert Miller, divested his stake in Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated on April 1968 into an irrevocable trust when he acquired WDBN in Medina, Ohio—but served both the Cleveland and Akron markets—for $1 million, then a record valuation for a full-power FM signal.
Approximately 3,000 people sent letters to KFAC in the first few days; by February 9, a total of 15,000 letters were sent in support, including 500 letters from San Bernardino County alone.
After initial deals for all three fell through, the Sandusky stations were spun off to a separate entity run by another son of Raymond Miller.
By 1972, however, some listeners challenged KFAC's licenses over programming policies; the station settled the dispute by resuming publication of a program guide, seeking to tone down commercials, and increasing the variety of selections aired on the AM frequency.
The station celebrated 40 years of broadcasting classical music in January 1979 with a 12-hour station history, simulcast over the AM and FM frequencies.
After moving studios from Prudential Square to the former Villa Capri restaurant on Hollywood's Yucca Street in 1982, KFAC unveiled a large mural painted by Thomas Surlyz outside of the station building on Christmas 1983, showing their long-tenured airstaff cavorting with their respective favorite historical composers.
Classic Communications, Inc., a group of investors headed by Louise Heifetz—the daughter-in-law of violin virtuoso Jascha Heifetz—purchased the two stations from ASI on April 8, 1986 for $33.5 million; KFAC executive vice president/sales manager Edward Argow was also a part of the group and was named chief operating officer.
When the sale closed on December 17, program director Carl Princi announced his departure effective January 1, 1987, KUSC executive Robert Goldfarb was appointed as his replacement; while Heifetz did mention some program changes would take place, she denied KFAC would change format.
In a shocking move, however, Princi, Tom Dixon, Fred Crane, Martin Workman, Doug Ordunio and A. James Liska were all fired outright on December 31, 1986, along with most of the engineering staff.
After being put on the market in April 1988, KFAC was sold to Lotus Communications for $8.7 million on July 15.
At the end, just five percent of KFAC-AM-FM's combined total audience listened to the AM frequency, which is why it was sold off first; even though KFAC-FM was not on the market, the offer made by Evergreen was high enough that it prompted Classic Communications to consider selling.
Immediately, the news of the KFAC-FM sale in particular raised alarms from industry experts that the station was about to exit the classical format.
After months of speculation, Evergreen donated the music library from both stations, estimated at 50,000 recordings, to KUSC, along with a $35,000 check; Stanford University and the Los Angeles Public Library acquired KFAC's compact disc library, the majority of titles KUSC already held.
Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters' KKGO-FM had already announced the adoption of classical programming during the daytime starting on January 1990, with its existing jazz format being transferred to KKGO (540 AM).
Mount Wilson chairman Saul Levine expressed interest in acquiring the entire KFAC music library, but abandoned the offer when presented with a $1 million asking price; newly appointed general manager James de Castro—who joined the station in March from Evergreen's WLUP (97.9 FM)/Chicago and presided over the station's music library donations—denied seeking that amount, but that two appraisers valued the collection at upwards of $1.8 million.
Meanwhile, Evergreen hired Liz Kiley from KOST as program director for the replacement format; despite her background in adult contemporary and contemporary hit radio, Kiley ordered for the station several AOR-related syndicated radio specials.
While the station had prepared a final schedule of music programming for the entire month of September 1989, the switch ended up occurring mid-month, as had been anticipated.
At noon on September 20, 1989, KUSC, which had also placed advertising for its classical offerings on KFAC in the final days, simulcast the final hour of KFAC's classical programming.
The KFAC call letters, which were also donated to KUSC, were placed on one of their repeater stations in Santa Barbara from 1991 to 2004; that station is now KCRW repeater KDRW.
In order to facilitate their acquisition of KFAC and comply with then-existing FCC regulations, Lotus divested their existing Los Angeles AM property, KWKW (1300 AM) in Pasadena, to NetworksAmerica—headed by former KFAC station manager George Fritzinger—for $4.5 million; paperwork filed with the FCC showed Classic Communications purchasing KWKW from Lotus for the same dollar amount, then acting as the seller.
Lotus retained the KWKW call letters, all on and off-air personnel, programming and history; the original KWKW was Southern California's oldest Spanish-language outlet, which had been broadcasting since 1941, and had been owned by Lotus since 1962.
NetworksAmerica concurrently changed the former KWKW's call letters to KAZN and relaunched it as an Asian radio station—the first such radio station to operate in the Los Angeles area.
It also brought with it its sports coverage, which included Spanish-language broadcasts of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Raiders.
In 1995, KWKW experimented with a talk format but could not fully commit to it because of contracts relating to the hosts of its music-driven shows.
On August 11, 1997, KWKW left its Regional Mexican music format and became just the second Spanish-language all-talk station in the United States (KTNQ was the first).
It was the only Spanish-language radio station in the United States to send a crew to cover the 1998 visit of Pope John Paul II to Cuba.
In 1996, the station became the Spanish-language flagship of the Los Angeles Lakers in Kobe Bryant's rookie season, timing that was credited with helping the Lakers cement themselves as the most important sports franchise in the Los Angeles Hispanic market.
Lotus renamed it KWKU and converted it to a simulcast of KWKW's sports programming improving reception in Pomona and Ontario, in addition to serving as an overflow station for KWKW sports coverage; KWKU also exclusively carried broadcasts of the Los Angeles Sparks of the WNBA.
The KWKU nominal main studio in Pomona would prove critical to getting KWKW back on the air after disaster struck on December 6, 2001.
A major fire at the Sunset Vine Tower, which was home to the Lotus cluster, caused extensive electrical damage to the building, which was deemed unsafe by fire officials.
105 computers, mixers and other equipment were carted out of the building, and John Cooper, the chief engineer for Lotus Los Angeles, drove them to Pomona, where the station was back on the air in six hours.
As a result of the extensive damage, Lotus relocated temporarily to the recently vacated KTNQ studios and later purchased a building near Universal Studios Hollywood to be fitted out for its operation.
On October 1, 2005, KWKW went full-time as a Spanish-language sports station, the flagship of a new radio network, ESPN Deportes Radio.
However, the station's relationship with the Dodgers—which had been on KWKW from 1958 to 1972 and then again beginning in 1986—ended after the 2007 season, when the franchise, citing its dislike of soccer preemptions that could have happened under the station's new deal to carry LA Galaxy games, opted to sign with KHJ.
KWKW also was the Spanish flagship of the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League until the team folded in April 2009.
2009 also saw KWKW add the other NBA team in Los Angeles, the Clippers, to its rights portfolio, carrying 48 games in the first season.
The station has also carried the FIFA World Cup; while coverage of the 2006 edition was in Spanish, KWKW carried most of ESPN Radio's English-language coverage of the 2010 edition, allowing ESPN Radio affiliates KSPN and KLAA to continue with their normal program schedules.
In 2018, the station contracted with Fútbol de Primera, the national soccer radio network that holds World Cup rights, to exclusively produce coverage for KWKW.
KWKW and Fútbol de Primera teamed up again in 2019 to broadcast the first ever Spanish-language U.S. radio coverage of the FIFA Women's World Cup.
In 2016, KWKW became the Spanish-language home of the Los Angeles Rams, heading up a multi-station network that also includes Lotus's Spanish sports outlet in Las Vegas, KENO.
Two years later, the station picked up 10 games of the Los Angeles Kings—the first time in 20 years that any of the NHL team's games were broadcast in Spanish.
When ESPN Deportes ended operations on September 8, 2019, KWKW affiliated with TUDN Radio, another Spanish-language sports network, airing its programming nights and weekends.
KWKW did not learn of the network's folding until it was publicly announced; general manager Jim Kalmenson said that network programming was largely supplemental to the station's local sports talk programming, which earned higher ratings.
KWKW broadcasts Spanish-language play-by-play of the Los Angeles Angels (MLB), Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), Los Angeles Kings (NHL), LA Galaxy (MLS) and Los Angeles Rams (National Football League).
In 2017, KWKW began broadcasting on an FM translator, K264CQ (100.7 FM), which has its transmitter mounted to one of KWKW's AM towers.
It was established in 1997, as an outgrowth on the annual Conference on Applied Statistics in Ireland (itself established in 1981), in order to better educate the public about statistics and its applications in society.
As well as sponsoring the conference, it organises presentations, exhibits, and prizes regarding statistics at the annual Irish Young Scientist's Exhibition.
Together with the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, the Irish Statistical Association is one of two Irish statistical organisations recognised by the International Statistical Institute.
Past presidents have included Phil Boland (1997–1998), Sally McClean (1998–2000), Dennis Connife (2000–2002), John Haslett (2002–2004), Gilbert MacKenzie (2004–2006), John Hinde (2006–2008), John Connolly (2008–2010), Adele Marshall (2010–2012), John Newell (2012–2014), Brendan Murphy (2014–2016), and Gabrielle Kelly (2016–2019).
It developed in the 2000s primarily among British electronic musicians, and typically draws on British cultural sources from the 1940s to the 1970s, including library music, film and TV soundtracks, psychedelia, and public information films, often through the use of sampling.
Hauntology is associated with the UK record label Ghost Box, in addition to artists such as the Caretaker, Burial, and Philip Jeck.
Hauntology is most associated with a particular British electronic music trend, though it may apply to any art concerned with the aesthetics of the past.
Hauntological music draws on varied postwar cultural sources from the 1940s through the 1970s which lie outside the usual canon of popular music, including library music, film and television soundtracks, educational music, and the sonic experimentation of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, as well as electronic and folk music sources.
Also important is the appropriation of visual iconography from this earlier period, including graphic design elements of school textbooks, public information posters, and television idents.
Production often foregrounds the grain of the recording, including vinyl noise and tape hiss derived from the degraded musical or spoken word samples commonly used.
Artists often mix antique synthesiser tones, acoustic instruments, and digital techniques, as well as found sounds, abstract noise, and industrial drones.
In music, it was initially used as early as 1995 by critic Ian Penman in reference to the work of Tricky and Pole.
It was later widely appropriated in the mid-2000s by theorists Simon Reynolds and Mark Fisher to refer to the work of Philip Jeck, William Basinski, Burial, the Caretaker, and artists associated with the UK label Ghost Box.
Fisher stated that [W]hen cultural innovation has stalled and even gone backwards, [...] one function of hauntology is to keep insisting that there are futures beyond postmodernity’s terminal time.
When the present has given up on the future, we must listen for the relics of the future in the unactivated potentials of the past.
In the company's long history it has promoted a number of professional wrestling championships as part of their shows, using various divisional, special stipulations, and weight-class championships.
Over the years a total of nine championships have been used by CMLL but later either abandoned or control of the championship has been given to another promotion.
CMLL, as most lucha libre promotions, allows their wrestlers to bring championship belts to their shows even if they are not CMLL sanctioned, and have on occasion allowed those championships to be defended on CMLL shows, but they are not considered CMLL championships.
As professional wrestling championship is not won or lost by actual sports competition, but by a scripted ending to a match, determined by the bookers and match makers.
This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company.
Yaqui Joe was the first champion and the championship was soon defended on EMLL shows as well as on the Mexican independent circuit.
Over time EMLL gained almost total control of the championship as they grew to become Mexico's largest promotion at the time.
Blue Panther winning the championship July 27, 1992 signaled that the commission had granted AAA control of the championship and taken it away from CMLL.
In 1953, EMLL joined the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and the NWA officially recognized the middleweight championship as an NWA championship, renaming it the NWA World Middleweight Championship shortly after EMLL joined the NWA.
EMLL, and later CMLL promoted the NWA World Middleweight Championship as the highest ranking middleweight championship, relegating the Mexican National Middleweight Championship to a secondary status.
In 2010 CMLL gave up control of the championship to the NWA and introduced the NWA World Historic Middleweight Championship as its replacement.
In 1953, EMLL joined the NWA and the NWA officially recognized the welterweight championship as an NWA championship, renaming it the NWA World Welterweight Championship shortly after EMLL joined the NWA.
The company would continue to promote the championship until 1996, when it was brought to Japan to be one of eight championships that made up the New Japan Pro-Wrestling's J-Crown Championship.
In 2010 CMLL gave up control of the championship to the NWA and introduced the NWA World Historic Welterweight Championship as its replacement.
sanctioned the Mexican National Tag Team Championship, with EMLL being the primary company controlling the championship at that point in time.
From that point on CMLL's tag team division featured the CMLL World Tag Team Championship, and later on the CMLL Arena Coliseo Tag Team Championship.
The NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship was created in 1951 for one of the US based NWA territories, but by 1958 the championship was given to EMLL after joining the NWA.
The first Mexican based champion was Dory Dixon, who defeated Al Kashley on February 13, 1958 to win the vacant championship.
In 2010 CMLL gave up control of the championship to the NWA and introduced the NWA World Historic Light Heavyweight Championship as its replacement.
Pirata Morgan won the championship no later than October 1990, records are unclear if Morgan won a tournament or was awarded the championship.
Her initial reign lasted until sometime in November 1999 where La Diabólica won the title on a CMLL Japan show in Tokyo.
Oriental and Tsubasa had no successful title defenses in the 147 days they were the champions, losing to Masato Yakushiji and Naohiro Hoshikawa on a Osaka Pro show in Aomori, Japan.
CMLL introduced the LLA Azteca Championship as the main attraction of both the shows and the TV broadcasts on TV Azteca.
Over the following five years the LLA Azteca Championship changed hands seven times, with Atlantis ending up as the last champion.
The arsenic and oxygen are not bound together as in arsenates or arsenites, instead they make a separate presence bound to the cations (metals), and could be considered as a mixed arsenide-oxide compound.
The Santiago Bahá'í House of Worship or Santiago Bahá'í Temple is a Bahá'í House of Worship located in Santiago, Chile and opened in 2016.
In 1953, Shoghi Effendi, then head of the Bahá'í Faith, decided that a continental House of Worship for South America would be built in Chile.
Then, in late 2002, the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Chile announced a competition for the design of the temple, to be built southeast of Santiago.
The construction phase started in November 2010, construction of the cast glass cladding commenced in October 2014, and construction was completed in October 2016.
The Bahá'í Faith teaches that a House of Worship should be a space for people of all religions to gather, reflect, and worship.
Anyone may enter the temple irrespective of religious background, sex, or other distinctions, as is the case with all Bahá'í Houses of Worship.
The Santiago Bahá'í House of Worship serves as the continental House of Worship for South America and it was the last continental House of Worship to be completed.
According to the Bahá’í World News Service, the Santiago House of Worship had received over 40,000 visitors by December 6, 2016.
Duy Nhất is a five-time WMF Muay Thai world champion and four-time SEA Games medalist in Muay Thai; in addition to having won medals at the IFMA World Muaythai Championships, Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, Asian Martial Arts Games, Asian Indoor Games, and Asian Beach Games.
Being descended from the martial arts master who founded the Vietnamese martial art known as Tan Gia quyền, he began practicing martial arts from the age of 3.
Nguyễn Trần Duy Nhất made his first Muay Thai appearance at the 2009 Asian Martial Arts Games, competing in the men's featherweight division (54–57 kg).
On July 2, 2013, Nguyễn Trần Duy Nhất would defeat Daniiar Kashkaraev of Kyrgyzstan, 5–0, to win the gold medal in the men's featherweight category in Muay Thai at the 2013 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.
On September 23, 2017, Nguyễn Trần Duy Nhất fought at the inaugural Asia Fighting Championship event, where he defeated Huang Guang Wan by second-round technical knockout.
On February 22, 2019, Duy Nhất made his lethwei debut at , where he defeated Pich Mtes Khmang by knockout at 2:13 of the first round.
His reference in one poem to the Holy Places being in the hands of the heathen places it after the fall of Jerusalem in 1244.
In another song he laments the failure of the princes of the Holy Roman Empire to unit behind one emperor, a clear reference to the Great Interregnum (1254–1273).
More recently he has been identified with Johannes Hawart the Elder of Strasbourg, who is mentioned in texts of 1289 and 1292 and died in 1302 in old age.
Reinhard Bleck suggests, on the basis of his crusade songs and his possible identification with Hawart of Strasbourg, that he was most likely from Alsace, the only part of Germany to see a major crusading movement in his time, culminating in the Crusade of 1267.
If Hawart's crusade songs were part of the propaganda and recruitment efforts surrounding this event, that puts their composition in 1266.
João da Sylveira Caldeira (28 June 1800 – 4 July 1854) was a Brazilian scientist who worked at the National Museum, where he set up the first chemical laboratory in 1824.
Caldeira was born in Rio de Janeiro and graduated in medicine from the University of Edinburgh and studied chemistry in France with Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829) and André Laugier (1770-1832) and mineralogist René Just Haüy (1743-1822).
He taught chemistry at the military school and in 1823 he was appointed director of the National Museum where he set up a chemical laboratory in 1824.
Ardientes () is the title of a studio album released by Tierra Caliente group Beto y sus Canarios on July 19, 2005.
The company was formed by Pennsylvania lumbermen who were eager to exploit the untapped timber resources of the Missouri Ozarks to supply lumber, primarily used in construction, to meet the demand of U.S. westward expansion.
The lumber mill there grew to be the largest in the country at the turn of the century and Grandin's population peaked around 2,500 to 3,000.
While some of the buildings in Grandin were relocated, many of the remaining buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as part of the state's historic preservation plan which considered the MLM a significant technological and economic contributor to Missouri.
Williams, who was in the lumber business in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and his son-in-law, Elijah Bishop Grandin, who had prospered in the oil business in Tidioute, heard of the valuable timber in the Courtois Hills of Missouri and began purchasing land in Ripley County.
They purchased an additional in Carter County in the 1870s, for an average cost of $1/acre, and joined with two others from Tidioute, John Livingston Grandin (Elija's brother) and Jahu Hunter, a lumber and oilman, to form the company.
In addition to the inexpensive land, the investors thought the generally poor population would be eager to work for the company.
All four partners remained in Pennsylvania while John Barber White, a successful Tidioute mill operator, was hired to move to Missouri and run the company as its general manager.
In 1879 and 1880, White was able to buy land at Sheriff's sales for as little as five cents per acre.
The first lumber mill was built on the Black River in Wayne County and named White's Mill after the company's manager.
Lumber had to be moved to the Iron Mountain Railroad depot there first by teamsters with oxcarts and then loaded onto railcard for transport to market.
The company tried for many years to obtain direct rail access to the mill, but Iron Mountain refused to provide it.
In 1884, despite owning of timberland in the county, the mill was never able to utilize its capacity and was closed because of the transportation issue.
The company then turned its attention to Carter County, where its holding had grown to with additional acreage in adjacent Ripley County.
The railroad agreed to construct an spur from this line running from Willow Springs, Missouri to MLMs land in the Current River Valley in exchange for a guaranteed minimum amount of lumber shipments.
A five-year agreement between the companies in February 1887 specified that MLM would ship all its lumber going west of the Mississippi on the KFS&M or its affiliates.
Later that year, the Cape Girardeau Southwestern Railroad extended a line from the east allowing the mill to more directly supply eastern markets as well.
The Cape Girardeau line met the Current River line in Hunter, Missouri, about from the Current River terminus at the MLM mill site.
The location, near the upper Little Black River, was connected via river valley to other large timber holdings at Beaver Dam Creek.
A locomotive was brought to the site from Williamsville where it was dismantled and hauled by ox-teams the final along with other machinery and enough iron rails to build of logging railroad.
The town was planned by a company architect/engineer with a main street that had the company store, a hospital, hotel and other commercial buildings, surrounded by large lawns and decorative landscaping.
There were six million board feet of lumber in the Grandin yard waiting to be shipped when the railroad arrived in June 1888.
More mills, both saw and planing, were added in 1892 and in 1894 it was asserted, by at least one local newspaper, to be the largest mill (by production) in the country.
MLM used an extensive network of tram railways, built with standard gauge track, 300 log cars and 6 locomotives to move logs to the mill.
Using standard gauge allowed the log cars to be transported the final leg to the mill over the Current Railroad tracks.
Above Chicopee, where the Current River Railroad crossed the river, mules dragged logs to the bank where they were floated downstream in flotillas up to long.
All logs were left to soak in Toliver Pond for several days before sawing to remove dirt that would dull saw blades.
MLM lumber was sold from Ohio westward into the plains states, with most being sold west of the Mississippi; half of its 1901 production went to Kansas City lumber dealers.
In 1890, White became president of the Southern Lumber Manufactures' Association, which worked to negotiate better rates with the railroads, standardize lumber grading and prices.
A year later, White moved his office from the company headquarters in Grandin to Kansas City where other big lumber companies were located.
White consolidated the region's lumber industry in 1897 as leader of the Missouri Land and Lumber Exchange, a cartel which set production and prices.
The company was so powerful that it was able to raise lumber prices ten times in 1899 and control lumber prices nation-wide.
The company recruited skilled workers from other regions of the country that also had large timber operations and used mostly locals for unskilled work.
In addition to the headquarters building and other commercial and service structures in Grandin, MLM built homes that it rented to employees with families.
MLM constructed a sidewalk on the town main street in 1906 to aid commerce in the company stores, but it refused to add sidewalks on residential side streets.
The company also built the town's school and was involved in its operation, with company officials usually filling the role of school board president and approving the hiring of teachers and other important decisions.
From around 1890, MLM staffed a small hospital with doctors to maintain the health and productivity of its workers and their families.
Funded by a monthly fee ($0.75 for single workers and $1.25 for those with families, collected from each employee), the clinic provided unlimited health care.
The company even provided a small mobile health facility, moved on railroad flatcar, to take health care into the work camps in the forest.
The Grandin mill was ranked as the world's largest by capacity in 1900 & 1901, with the ability to produce 75 million board feet per year, although the most it ever produced was just under 66 million in 1901.
A fire in 1905 destroyed a secondary mill, after which the main mill started 24-hour operation, which used 90 rail cars per day of logs.
Missouri tax law discouraged this as it taxed cut and uncut land at the same rate; it was not profitable to replant and wait decades for a new crop.
The new owner of the KSF&M, the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway offered a reduced rate for lumber shipped from northwest Shannon County.
MLM built the Grandin and Northwestern Railroad to connect the Current Railroad to its logging camp in Shannon County, more that from Grandin.
Even with SLSF's discounted shipping rate, the shipping costs were still too high to ship logs from Shannon County to Grandin for processing, especially after lumber prices fell during the recession of 1907.
With the supply of nearby trees diminishing rapidly over the next several years, the last logs in the area were cut in 1909 and the mill was closed in 1910.
The company owners also owned timerland in Louisiana, and was considering buying land in the Pacific Northwest, however operations in other states were conducted with different companies including the Louisiana Central Lumber Company and Grandin Coast Lumber Company (of Seattle).
During the period the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company was active in Grandin, it contributed significantly both to the Missouri timber industry and the national economy, employing technology of a state and scale never before seen in the Ozark region.
The six houses in the historic district are listed under the reference number of the district, while the pond and other 23 buildings are listed under individual numbers.
However, all 30 places are described only in the MLM Historic Resources Multiple Property Submission for the thematic nomination; there are no further detailed nomination forms for any of the places.
This is a list of films which placed number one at the weekend box office for the year 2020 in Thailand.
MotoGP 3 (often stylized as MotoGP3) is a Grand Prix motorcycle racing video game developed and published by Namco for the PlayStation 2.
Released in 2003, it's the third game in the Namco series, which coincided with the THQ series for a number of years.
The new 990cc 4-stroke bikes are faster, but tend to be a bit of a handful while the 500cc 2-strokes are less faster but slightly better to handle.
MotoGP 3 has far more tracks than the previous game, with 15 real world courses which include Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit, Paul Ricard, Motegi and Mugello.
There are also a combination of fantasy layouts which can be as simplistic as a straight line or as complex as having a cross road in it.
When starting the game up for the first time, as per usual with Namco MotoGP games, players will be allowed to create a custom rider.
The first is arcade, where the players can choose the bike they wish to ride as, number of laps, weather, difficulty and settings to do a race.
Season mode puts them into a season with any team (depending on difficulty) and the player races on a combination of circuits to try and win the championship.
Time Trial is like Arcade, except rather than racing against a number of opponents for a number of laps, they're racing against the clock to try to get the best time for as long as desired.
They range from beating another rider, riding between cones, setting a specific lap time in Time Trial or winning a race at a specific track.
Legends mode is, like Time Trial, similar to Arcade mode, except rather than facing riders from 2002, they face riders from past seasons, including the likes of Kevin Schwantz, Wayne Gardner and Mick Doohan to name a few.
He continued to compete in several go-kart series, including Bandoleros, INEX Legends, Thunder Roadsters and Legends Dirt Modified cars, winning multiple races and championships in the state of New York and at the World Karting Association Nationals in Pennsylvania at Beverrun.
Fatscher also raced at Charlotte Motor Speedway in 2014 in the winter and summer series, finishing first and fourth in points, respectively.
In 2017, he competed in events in both the CARS Series and the PASS Series, which included the Icebreaker at Thompson Speedway, where he finished second.
Later that year, he also ran the Snowflake 100 at Five Flags, a race which is held before the Snowball Derby.
Fatscher was without a ride for all of 2019, and did not run any races in ARCA or another racing series.
According to pictures on his website, he attends Elwood-John H. Glenn High School where he plays on the school's football and lacrosse teams, and is also an honors student at the school.
In late December 2019, Future and Drake were spotted in Atlanta, Georgia, filming a music video in a McDonald's location, leading to the belief that the two had a forthcoming collaboration.
During this period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the African-American population of Montana fluctuated between 1000 and 1500 people.
Montana has the unique position of being entirely surrounded by states (Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota) that have never had an African-American newspaper.
The state's early Black press accordingly covered a particularly wide geographic sweep, and many of Montana's early African American papers carried news from communities in other Western states.
Greek cafés are also a singularly Australian phenomenon: the success of Arthur Comino’s fish shop in Sydney gave rise to a chain migration that saw hundreds of Greek migrants open oyster saloons across the country by 1900.
Adapting to market changes and food trends, Greek proprietors went on to run fish shops, fruit shops, ice cream parlours, sundae shops, milk bars, snack bars, confectioneries, and cafés that dotted the Australian landscape for much of the twentieth century.
Almost every town in Queensland, New South Wales, and country Victoria had a Greek café, and as many as ten operated in larger towns like Ipswich and Toowoomba during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s—the heyday of the Greek café.
Cafés were routinely open from 7am to midnight seven days a week, meals were cheap, portions were generous, and the menu was mostly the same countrywide.
The success of the Greek café is evident in the size of some establishments, the length of time some shops operated, the enterprise and resilience demonstrated by expansion and diversification, and the extent to which subsequent generations prospered in the adopted homeland of their parents and grandparents.
While names like the Paragon Café suggested proprietors’ origins, and names like Niagara Café exploited the popularity of American culture, others—the Regal Café, the Australia Café, etc.—were an attempt to align businesses with Australian sentiments.
Avapritinib, sold under the brand name Ayvakit, is a medication used for the treatment of tumors due to one specific rare mutation: It is specifically intended for adults with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that harbor a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) exon 18 mutation.
Common side effects are edema (swelling), nausea, fatigue/asthenia (abnormal physical weakness or lack of energy), cognitive impairment, vomiting, decreased appetite, diarrhea, hair color changes, increased lacrimation (secretion of tears), abdominal pain, constipation, rash.
Avapritinib was approved based on the results from the Phase I NAVIGATOR clinical trial involving 43 patients with GIST harboring a PDGFRA exon 18 mutation, including 38 subjects with PDGFRA D842V mutation.
The trial measured how many subjects experienced complete or partial shrinkage (by a certain amount) of their tumors during treatment (overall response rate).
For subjects harboring a PDGFRA exon 18 mutation, the overall response rate was 84%, with 7% having a complete response and 77% having a partial response.
For the subgroup of subjects with PDGFRA D842V mutations, the overall response rate was 89%, with 8% having a complete response and 82% having a partial response.
While the median duration of response was not reached, 61% of the responding subjects with exon 18 mutations had a response lasting six months or longer (31% of subjects with an ongoing response were followed for less than six months).
Son of the painter Auguste Baud-Bovy, Daniel Baud-Bovy acquired most of his artistic and literary training in the symbolist milieu in Paris.
In 1913, he accomplished the first modern era ascent of Mount Olympus with guide Christos Kakkalos and his compatriot Frédéric Boissonnas.
Qasim was of Kashmiri descent and was born Qasem Jo in the Gozar Barana district of the Afghan capital Caubul during the late 1870s.
He was descended from a musical lineage, as his father, Satar Ju, was also a musician, as well as a Nawab.
Qasim's father immigrated, on the invitation of a friend, from his native Kashmir to Afghanistan to provide his musical services to the country's monarchy, and it is here where Qasim was born.
He also learned many languages, including Dari from his mother, Pashto from his teacher, Urdu from his father, and Arabic from the religious school he attended.
Music that Qasim composed in 1919 became used in a mujaheddin battle song which in turn became used in the national anthem of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2006.
Jean Adelin De Boë ( March 20, 1889, in Anderlecht (Brussels) - January 2, 1974, in Watermael-Boitsfort (Brussels)) was a typographer, militant anarchist, and anarcho-syndicalist.
On February 28, 1912, he was arrested for his activities at Bonnot Gang and was sentenced to 10 years of forced labor.
He joined the Youth Movement of the Belgian Worker's Party, it was a period that he became interested in libertarian politics.
Located inland on the Drava River, the River Battalion is a component of the Croatian Land Forces and was established in 2007.
In its current form, the River Battalion is the successor of three inland brown water naval units established during the Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995).
For the duration of the Croatian War of Independence, the Croatian river units were tasked reconnaissance, supply, and transport duties on the Drava and Danube Rivers for the Croatian armed forces.
In August 1991, boats and barges of the Croatian River Company assisted in the rescue of 1,500 civilians from Aljmas, Dalj and Erdut.
Born in Würzburg, Grieb completed a commercial apprenticeship from 1947 to 1950 and learned foreign languages at language institutes and as a guest student at the University of Würzburg.
From 2000 to 2008 he was its vice-president, and in 2007 he was awarded the Cross of Honour of the Blumenorden for this.
, also known by its internal designation ZTF09k5, is a near-Earth asteroid discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 4 January 2020.
It is the first asteroid discovered to have an orbit completely within Venus's orbit, and is thus the first and only known member of the intra-Venusian Vatira population of Atira-class asteroids.
was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey at the Palomar Observatory on 4 January 2020, by astronomers Bryce Bolin, Frank Masci, and Quanzhi Ye.
The discovery formed part of a campaign for detecting interior-Earth asteroids (Atiras) using the wide-field ZTF camera on the 1.22-meter Samuel Oschin telescope at the Palomar Observatory.
The detection of such objects is difficult due to their close proximity to the Sun: asteroids within the orbit of Venus never reach solar elongations greater than 47 degrees, meaning that they are only observable during twilight as the Sun is below the Earth's horizon.
Because of this, intra-Venusian asteroids could only be observed within a short time frame, hence why the ZTF camera was used since it can effectively detect transient objects.
The discovery of was reported by astronomer Bryce Bolin, and was subsequently listed on the Minor Planet Center's near-Earth object confirmation page (NEOCP) on 4 January 2020.
The discovery of the asteroid was then formally announced in a Minor Planet Electronic Circular issued by the MPC on 8 January 2020.
Prior to the discovery of , co-discoverer Quanzhi Ye and colleagues had predicted in December 2019 that the ZTF would detect its first Vatira asteroid within Venus's orbit shortly after the discoveries of several small-aphelion asteroids including and .
Given the difficulty of detecting such asteroids at small solar elongations, they estimated that at least one additional Vatira asteroid will be detected by the ZTF.
It was then given the provisional designation by the MPC on 8 January 2020, after follow up observations have sufficiently determined its orbit.
Due to its still short observation arc and uncertain orbit, the object has yet not been issued a minor planet number by the MPC.
Once the orbit of has been sufficiently determined such that it will be given a minor planet number, it will be eligible for naming.
Being the prototype of the informally named Vatira class, it will be given a name that will be used to refer to this newly confirmed population.
is formally classified as an Atira asteroid by the Minor Planet Center due it having an orbit within that of Earth.
However, unlike previously known Atira asteroids, 's orbit is contained within that of Venus, thus it falls into the proposed category of Vatira asteroids—a subclass of Atira asteroids with aphelion distances less than Venus's perihelion distance (hence the name: a portmanteau of 'Venus' and 'Atira').
is technically classified as a near-Earth object under the Atira classification, though the asteroid's minimum orbit intersection distance from Earth is 0.346 AU.
's orbit is close to a 3:2 mean-motion orbital resonance with Venus, meaning that completes approximately three orbits for every two orbits completed by Venus.
The orbit of is moderately eccentric, as it approaches only 0.458 AU from the Sun at perihelion, just within Mercury's aphelion distance of 0.467 AU.
has a smaller orbital eccentricity and inclination compared to the generally expected values for typical Vatira asteroids, which were predicted to have an eccentricity around 0.4 and an inclination around 25 degrees.
had likely originated from the main asteroid belt, where its orbit was locked in a secular resonance that caused its orbital eccentricity to gradually increase over time, evolving onto an Earth-crossing orbit.
Subsequent close encounters with Earth, Venus, and Mercury resulted in gravitational perturbations of the asteroid's orbit, reducing its momentum and causing it to orbit closer to the Sun.
Near-Earth asteroids transitioning into the Vatira region often have unstable, short-term orbits due to frequent gravitational perturbations by Venus and Mercury.
, on the other hand, rarely crosses the orbits of Mercury and Venus based on its nominal orbit, and is also close to a 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Venus.
These factors prevent close encounters with either planet that would otherwise perturb 's orbit, thus it is expected to be relatively stable on the order of several millions of years.
is thought to have been once locked in a 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Venus before being kicked out of the resonance by Mercury.
Dynamical modeling of 's orbit show that the mostly likely scenario for its orbital evolution is that 's orbit will oscillate for several millions of years before gravitational perturbations lead to the asteroid's eventual collision with a planet, most likely Venus.
At 140 thousand years from the present, 's aphelion distance will exceed Venus's perihelion distance, as a result of the combined effects of the Kozai resonance and gravitational perturbations.
Within the Vatira region, the Kozai resonance causes the orbital inclinations and eccentricities of asteroids to oscillate over several millions of years.
As a result, Vatira asteroids can become Atira-class asteroids and vice versa over time, and can cross the orbits of Mercury and Venus during these orbital oscillations.
The Kozai resonance often disrupts the orbits of Vatira asteroids, albeit it can also lead to orbital stability for some unperturbed Vatira asteroids.
At about 1.2 million years from the present, will leave the Vatira region and will transition onto a Mercury-crossing orbit, with its perihelion oscillating around Mercury's aphelion distance before decoupling from the planet's orbit at about 2.1 million years.
After decoupling from Mercury's orbit, was shown to oscillate between an Atira-type orbit (Q < 0.983 AU) and an Earth-crossing Aten-type orbit (Q > 0.983 AU), in which the asteroid's aphelion oscillates around Earth's perihelion distance of 0.983 AU.
About 740 thousand years afterward, will likely return to its Mercury-crossing orbit, though gravitational perturbations by Mercury and Venus will scatter it onto an Earth-crossing orbit once more before colliding with either planet.
The bismuth and oxygen are not bound together as in bismuthates, instead they make a separate presence bound to the cations (metals), and could be considered as a mixed bismuthide-oxide compound.
Meadows Games was a developer and manufacturer of coin-operated video games established by Harry Kurek as a subsidiary of his contract manufacturing company, Meadows Manufacturing, in 1974.
The Howick Youth Council (HYC) is a youth voice organisation covering the region of the Howick Local Board in Auckland, New Zealand.
Operating in the suburbs of Howick, Pakuranga, Botany Downs and Ormiston, the group represents the youth in the population of 140,000 people living in the boundaries of the Howick Local Board.
The organisation was created by the Howick Local Board shortly following the board's first meeting, after the 2010 supercity amalgamation and formation of Auckland Council, with the group being founded in August 2011.
The group has helped organise a variety of events including a youth film festival, youth awards, beach clean-up, and charity concert.
Patrick Newell (born January 18, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
As a student at Oak Park High School, Newell asked his parents permission to move to Alaska to play competitive major junior ice hockey.
There, he joined the Fairbanks Ice Dogs of the North American Hockey League and was later traded to the Indiana Ice of the United States Hockey League.
With the Ice, he recorded four goals and seven points in 12 playoffs games to help the team win the USHL Clark Cup championship.
During his first season with the Vees, Newell helped the team win the BCHL playoffs and reach the RBC Cup semifinals, where he was awarded the Tubby Schmaltz Trophy.
In his sophomore season, he led the Huskies with 20 assists and was a recipient of the a 2017 All-NCHC Academic Award.
He was named the NCHC Player of the Week for the first time on October 15, after recording five points in a two games against Alaska Nanooks.
Cloud Huskies ranked first in their division with Newell recording 18 goals for a total of 38 points through 32 games.
On March 14, 2019, he was named NCHC Forward of the Year for leading the conference in both goals and points.
Later, Newell was named to the 2018-19 All-USCHO First Team, selected as a Hobey Baker Award Top 10 Finalist alongside teammate Jimmy Schuldt, and chosen for the CM/AHCA All-America First Team.
On March 31, 2019, Newell's collegiate career ended when he signed a three year entry level contract with the New York Rangers.
A few days later, he signed an Amateur Tryout agreement with the Rangers American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Hartford Wolf Pack.
Juan Gálvez (1774, Mora - 12 December 1846, Madrid) was a Spanish artist who served as court painter for King Ferdinand VII and Director of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
He began painting for the court of King Charles IV at the age of twenty; doing decorative work at the Casita del Príncipe and the Royal Palace of El Pardo.
In the early stages of hostilities in the Peninsular War, he and Fernando Brambila were invited to Zaragoza by General José de Palafox to make sketches documenting the damage suffered during the First Siege, together with the most important military encounters.
He painted a portrait of King Ferdinand VII and was named a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
He also created several murals for structures such as the in Madrid, and several rooms in El Escorial, including the Monastery, the Ambassador's Hall, the Throne Room and the Royal Retreat.
The 1973–74 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 74th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
This work is now lost, but was used by other medieval historians such as Ibn Khaldun, al-Maqrizi and al-Qalqashandi as their main source for the later Fatimid period and the institutions of the Fatimid Caliphate.
Based on the surviving material, the work begins with the reign of al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah and continued to the end of the Fatimid period.
CloverWorks, which was known as A-1 Pictures' Kōenji Studio when the first two seasons airing, animated the film, with Aniplex distributed the film.
After her matura in 1992 she went to Afram Plains District in Ghana in order to work in development aid, followed by being a photographer on a cruise ship and opening her first photographic studio in Vienna in 2005.
her job as a commercial fashion photographer for companies such as Louis Vuitton, Chanel and Swarovski, she started developing her artistic style, especially in her free works.
In addition to exhibtions at biennales and festivals, Stemmer also presents her works in solo exhibitions worldwide, for instance in her pop-up galleries in Vienna and Paris, where her photography is shown for one day only.
The Forgotten Army - Azaadi Ke Liye is a web television series which premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 24 January 2020.
The series is directed by Kabir Khan, the series is based on true events about the men and women in the Indian National Army (INA) led by Subhash Chandra Bose.
The Forgotten Army – Azaadi Ke Liye, is based on the true story of Indian soldiers who marched towards the capital, with the war cry 'Challo Dilli', to free their country from the reign of the British.
The Indian National Army (INA), which was forged out of British defeat in Singapore during WWII, was led by the charismatic Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and had the first women’s infantry regiment since the Russian units of 1917-1918.
While these soldiers (men and women) fought against all odds and against the British army to free India, their struggle and story somehow got lost and they became 'the forgotten army'.
With the love story between two soldiers - Sodhi and Maya at the heart of it, the series raises several questions about identity, independence and the idea of motherland and the cost of freedom.
He was elected as a legislator of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly as an independent candidate from Along South in 1978.
He spent 1989-90 working as a Postdoc at the Section of Neurobiology and Behavior at Cornell University, USA, before returning to Denmark to become a group leader at the Institute of Neurophysiology at University of Copenhagen (1991-95).
From 1995 to 2000, he was employed as a Hallas Møller Research Fellow at Department of Physiology, University of Copenhagen, and in 1997 he became Associate Professor at the same place, a position that he held until he was recruited to Karolinska Institute in Sweden in 2001.
In 2008 Kiehn became a member of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute and after serving as an adjunct member from 2011-14, he was elected as a member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine in 2014.
Kiehn has published over 120 original papers and reviews and his work has been reported in scientific journals, including Nature (journal), Science (journal), Cell (journal), Nature Neuroscience, Neuron (journal), PNAS, Nature Reviews Neuroscience among others.
Using molecular mouse genetic, electrophysiology and behavioral studies he has revealed the key cellular organization of spinal locomotor networks and was able to functionally discover and link specific neuronal populations in the spinal cord to the ability to produce the alternating movements within and between limps during locomotion and to set the rhythm of locomotion.
Kiehn has also discovered specific populations of excitatory brainstem neurons that mediate the episodic control of locomotion: the start and stop of locomotion as well as turning.
Charles B. Tanner (November 25, 1842 – December 16, 1911) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War.
Andrei Mudrea (born April 29, 1954, Mitocul Vechi, Orhei rayon, Republic of Moldova), Honoured/Merited Master of Arts, the Romanian painter and fine artist from Bessarabia.
The painting of these years attests to the existence of several tangents related to the progressive use of dyes, to obtaining clear-dark effects, texture and volume.
Between 1997-2003, he became again a member of the Steering Committee of the Union of Artists of the Republic of Moldova.
In 1989 he opened a new personal exhibition in Chișinău, and in 1990 he went with his first personal exhibition to Paris (France).
In 1994 he has a new personal exhibition in Chișinău, after which, in 1995, he carried out two personal exhibits France, one in Paris and another in Saint-Malo.
From 1978 by nowadays, Andrei Mudrea participated in all exhibitions organized by the Union of Artists of the Republic of Moldova.
He participated for the first time in the in an international group exhibition that took place in 1985 in Moscow (Russia).
Afterwards, he participated more at the international exhibitions: in 1988, in Lisbon (Portugal); in 1988, in Odessa (Ukraine); in 1988, Moscow (Russia); in 1993, in Saint Elpidio (Italy); in 1993, at Monte Giorgio (Italy); in 1995, in Sologne (France); in 1995, in Veigné (France); in 1998, in Aschach (Germany); in 1999, in Bucharest (Romania); in 2000, 2004 and 2012 in Moscow (Russia).
In 2009 he exhibited for the first time at the International Painting Biennale organized in Chișinău (Moldova) and since then, he participates every time when it organized.
In 1988 he went to Senej (Russian Federation), in 1991 he participated in a creative camp in Câmpina (Romania), and in 1994 he came to Tescani (Romania).
The same impulse to thank, but, this time, for the quench of thirst for light, I had when admiring the paintings of the painter Andrei Mudrea.
In the pictures, all of them - people, objects and the atmosphere - everything is enveloped, exalted, penetrated by the light.
The town was popular with artists including the visitors like the Glasgow Boys.In 1910 she began to collect paintings for the town prompted by a suggestion and donations by .
Sforza Castle (Italian: Castello Sforzesco) is a castle in Milan, northern Italy built in the 15th century by Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan, on the remnants of a 14th-century fortification.
Zealand Pharma A/S is a Danish biotechnology research company, which designs and develops peptide-based medicines, mainly focusing on metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity.
As it was founded, it was a biopharmaceutical company focusing on design and development of peptide-based medicines, which would be brought to the market through partnerships with other multinational pharmaceutical companies.
In 2005 Zealand Pharma tried to be listed on the stock exchange, but had to resign for want of interest from investors.
In 2010 they finally succeeded in being listed, and the stocks are now traded at the Copenhagen Stock Exchange (NASDAQ OMX København).
On January 15, 2015, Britt Meelby Jensen acquired the position as CEO from David Solomon, who had led the company during the years 2008-2014.
Zealand Pharma does not promote and sell products in the market themselves, however, they form partnerships with several international pharmaceutical companies, who are responsible for placing the products on the market.
Zealand Pharma is mostly known and recognized for the diabetes medication Lyxumia, which has been developed in collaboration with the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi.
Since 2014, Zealand Pharma has collaborated with the coronary care unit at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen developing the medication Danegaptid, which should serve the purpose of preventing injuries in the tissue of the heart, frequently seen among angioplasty patients.
Because of the acquisition of the Canadian Encycle Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma now also possesses the right to develop and sell the pre-clinical candidate medication ET3764, which is also being developed for the treatment of diseases of the alimentary tract.
He is current chairman of the Eastern District Council and member of the Eastern District Council since 1988, currently representing Fei Tsui from 1994.
In 2000 and 2004 Legislative Council elections, he ran on the Democratic Party's ticket, placing the fourth place and the third place respectively.
In 2004, he as the third candidate on the list was nearly elected, being defeated by Choy So-yuk, the second candidate of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) by a narrow margin.
Lai was eager to run in the 2000 Hong Kong Island by-election, but was rejected by the party and the leadership decided to support barrister Audrey Eu's candidate.
In the 2008 Legislative Council election, Lai quit the Democratic Party after he was not nominated by the party and ran as independent.
Lai was tipped for running in the District Council (Second) functional constituency for the Civic Party in the 2012 Legislative Council election but did not materialise.
In the 2019 District Council election after the pro-democrats received the largest landslide in history and seized the control of the 17 of the 18 District Councils, Lai was elected as the chairman of the Eastern District Council.
The 1972–73 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 73rd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
He was a leading member of the Vrishni heroes, and may well have been an ancient historical rulers in the region of Mathura.
The cult of Saṃkarṣaṇa with that of Vāsudeva is historically one of the earliest forms of personal deity worship in India, attested from around the 4th century BCE.
The cult of Vāsudeva and Saṃkarṣaṇa was one of the major independent cults, together with the cults of Narayana, Shri and Lakshmi, which later coalesced to form Vishnuism.
According to the Vaishnavite doctrine of the avatars, Vishnu takes various forms to rescue the world, and Vāsudeva as well as Saṃkarṣaṇa became understood as some of these forms, and some of the most popular ones.
This process lasted from the 4th century BCE when Vāsudeva and Saṃkarṣaṇa were independent deities, to the 4th century CE, when Vishnu became much more prominent as the central deity of an integrated Vaishnavite cult, with Vāsudeva and Saṃkarṣaṇa now only some of his manifestations.
In epic and Puranic lore Saṃkarṣaṇa was also known by the names of Rama, Baladeva, Balarama, Rauhineya or Halayudha, and is presented as the elder brother of Vāsudeva.
Initially, Saṃkarṣaṇa seems to hold precedence over his younger brother Vāsudeva, as he appears on the obverse on the coinage of king Agathocles of Bactria (circa 190-180 BCE), and usually first in the naming order as in the Ghosundi inscription.
The cult of Vāsudeva and Saṃkarṣaṇa may have evolved from the worship of a historical figure belonging to the Vrishni clan in the region of Mathura.
It is thought that the hero deity Saṃkarṣaṇa may have evolved into a Vaishnavite deity through a step-by-step process: 1) deification of the Vrishni heroes, of whom Vāduseva and Saṃkarṣaṇa were the leaders 2) association with the God Narayana-Vishnu 3) incorporation into the Vyuha concept of successive emanations of the God.
The name of Samkarsana first appears in epigraphy in the Nanaghat cave inscriptions and the Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions, both dated to the 1st century BCE.
Various sculptures and pillar capitals were found near the Heliodorus pillar in Besnagar, and it is thought they were dedicated to Vāsudeva's kinsmen, otherwise known as the Vrishni heroes and objects of the Bhagavata cult.
The presence of these pillar capitals, found near the Heliodorus pillar, suggests that the Bhagavata cult, although centered around the figures of Vāsudeva and Samkarsana, may also have involved the worship of other Vrishni deities.
Saṃkarṣaṇa has been compared to the Greek god Dionysos, son of Zeus, as both are associated with the plough and with wine, as well as a liking for wrestling and gourmet food.
Early on, the cult of Smarkasana is associated with the abuse of wine, and the Bacchanalian features of the cult of Dionysus are also found in the cult of Saṃkarṣaṇa.
The Mahabharata mentions the Bacchanalian orgies of Baladeva, another name of Smarkasana, and he is often depicted holding a cup in an inebriated state.
At Chilas II archeological site dated to the first half of 1st-century CE in northwest Pakistan, near the Afghanistan border, are engraved two males along with many Buddhist images nearby.
The back of the relief is carved with the branches of a Kadamba tree, symbolically showing the relationship being the different deities.
Saṃkarṣaṇa appears prominently in a relief from Kondamotu, Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh, dating to the 4th century CE, which shows the Vrishni heroes standing in genealogical order around Narasimha.
Then follow Pradyumna, holding a bow and an arrow, Samba, holding a wine goblet, and Aniruddha, holding a sword and a shield.
Saṃkarṣaṇa appears as a lion in some of the Caturvyūha statues (the Bhita statue), where he is an assistant to Vāsudeva, and in the Vaikuntha Chaturmurti when his lion's head protrudes from the side of Vishnu's head.
The 3rd and 4th-placed teams of the Divizia A promotion tournament faced the 11th and 12th-placed teams of the Liga Națională.
He then completed a Ph.D. at Imperial College in London (1977) under Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson, and a Ph.D. at the Université Paul Sabatier in Toulouse (1979) under Professor René Poilblanc.
He joined the CNRS as a research associate in 1977, and is now Director of Exceptional Class Research at the CNRS and Director of the Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Nano-Objects at INSA in Toulouse (UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPS).
Chaudret synthesized the first bis(dihydrogen) complex and demonstrated its high reactivity, particularly for the activation of C-H, Si-H and more generally of poorly reactive bonds.
He has also been interested in the spectroscopic properties of these species, in particular the quantum exchange of protons in the coordination sphere of transition metals.
The method has enabled the synthesis of nanoparticles of controlled size, shape, surface and assembly of a wide variety of elements, alloys and semiconductor compounds.
These particles are of interest in the fields of nanomagnetism, luminescence, electronic transport, and chemical and catalytic reactivity; it has applications in the chemo- and enantioselective labeling of molecules of biological interest and biomolecules as well as, for example, the use of magnetic and catalytic properties on the same object for the storage of renewable energies.
He also served as President of the Scientific Council of the CNRS (from 2010 to 2018) and President of the Scientific Council of IFPEN (from 2007 to 2011).
B. Chaudret Polyhydrides and Nanoparticles: A 35 year Trip in Organometallic Chemistry Histoire de la Recherche Contemporaine (la Revue pour l'Histoire du CNRS), Tome I, N°2, 2012, pp.
She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2013 World Aquatics Championships and 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
was a newspaper published from 19 February 1897 to 20 March 1923, first in Marble Bar and then, from 1912, in Port Hedland, and is considered one of the earliest publications from the Pilbara.
The 1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix.
The name Fullerene comes from another type of acceptor-molecule which was used as the main acceptor material for bulk heterojunction Organic solar cells.
There are, however, still many improvements to make on the design of the SMAs in order become profitable to use in OSCs.
Recent research on designing NFA-OSCs showed an efficiency of 15% with a so-called tandem solar cell which made use of Non-fullerene acceptors as well as fullerene acceptors.
With a good chance that researchers will be able to boost this percentage up to 18%, it is clear that NFA-OSCs have a great potential in becoming a profitable photovoltaic in commercial application.
They have more structural degrees of freedom, allowing higher electron affinity tunability; they absorb incidental visible-NIR radiation more strongly; they are more stable; they are compatible with donor polymers and they are (in general) easier to synthesize.
One of the downsides of using SMAs is the fact that, under atmospheric conditions, they tend to engage in disordered (anisotropic) states as a result of their planar structures.
Another downside to research on SMA usage is the profound scala of possibilities of donor-acceptor pairs that scientists are challenged to induce.
After electromagnetic absorption and exciton formation in the electron donor polymer, the excited electron is moved towards the acceptor conduction band (LUMO) as a result of the lower energy value than the donor LUMO.
This process is called a charge separation, and the corresponding energy value formula_1 satisfies formula_2 where CS denotes charge separation, A denotes the acceptor and D denotes the donor molecule.
Along with the Coulombic potential that needs to be surpassed, the maximum energy obtained from the process is defined as the Charge Transfer energy, formula_3.
The difference between the optical excitation energy (the optical band gap energy, formula_4) and the charge transfer energy is the driving force of the system.
An advantage of NF-OSCs over current fullerene-based OSCs is that the SMAs used are relatively compatible with donors, as a result of their electronic affinity tunability.
This results in low potential spillage, formula_5, which depends explicitly on the value of the driving force, along with radiative and non-radiative losses during the current induction process.
The result is a high open-circuit voltage formula_7 of the solar cell compared to fullerene counterparts, with reports of values as high as 1.1V.
However, the diminished charge separation energy cost negatively influences the tendency of excited electrons in the donor conduction band to transport to the acceptor LUMO as it is less preferred energetically.
It also immediately creates a bottleneck because of the huge amount of possibilities there are which could be applied as an SMA.
A wide variety of SMAs are tested to be a successful acceptor, but two classes of SMAs have proven to give the best results concerning Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) and have made the greatest attribute to the recent development in NFA-OSCs.
Rylene diimides are industrial dyes and can be divided into, once again, two subclasses: Perylene Diimides (PDIs) and Naphthalene Diimides (NDIs).
Rylene diimides consist of a planar rylene framework and numerous constructions can be made by attaching certain subgroups and by using more PDI molecules in one acceptor.
Challenges that must be faced by designing and improving Rylene diimides based OSCs are mainly concerned by synthesis of PDIs because the planar structure of the molecule makes that it tends to aggregate into a crystal structure.
This greatly enhances the domain size, larger than the preferred 20 nm, in the bulk heterojunction which leads to a lower charge transport ability.
Researchers have tried to reduce this aggregation by three structure adaptions, all focused on enhancing the mobility of Rylene diimides molecules.
For all three possible ways, an example molecule is shown in the figure below.These derivatives are examples of acceptor-molecules which were tested and assessed in OSCs for their performance and PCE.
In current research, rylene diimides (for small band-gap energy donors) and FREAs (for large band-gap energy donors) have shown the most potential for becoming commercially viable solar cell materials for bulk heterojunction blend cells.
Wide band gap donors are known to enhance voltage and diminish current density, but in combination with FREAs both values can be relatively high.
First of all, the PCE should be increased to at least 15% since this is the minimal value for commercial application.
PCEs can be increased by designing even better NFAs, for instance, on the level of electron mobility NFAs still can increase a lot compared to FAs ( formula_13 for the best NFAs compared to formula_14 for the best FAs).
Improvements can also be made in the following aspects: better donor matching, tandem constructions, BHJ morphology and domain purity of the donor and acceptor.
Besides these theoretical research aspects, implementation in a life size commercial solar cell also brings a lot of challenges, such as easy and sustainable device fabrication methods and long-term stability of the organic compounds.
On all of these areas, NFA-OSCs show great potential but it will take a lot of research before a solid non-fullerene acceptor-organic solar cell can compete with inorganic solar cells.
With the yacht, skipper François Gabart has won the Transat Jacques Vabre in 2015 (sailing dual-handed with Pascal Bidégorry) and The Transat in 2016.
In 2017, a new around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was set by François Gabart at 42 days, 16 hours, 40 minutes and 35 seconds.
Written about a break up of my own, Better Off Without You was a song that I listened to over the course of 2019 that helped me through some really dark times.
Blegvad and Moore set to work producing more music, but soon realised that the material they had written was beyond what they could handle on their own.
She was part of the Brazilian team at World Championships, most recently at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships, 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
Stacy Johnson (April 13, 1945 – May 11, 2017) was an American R&B singer and songwriter best known as a vocalist in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
Although underage, the group was permitted to perform at clubs like the Whirlaway, the Red Top, and the Manhattan Club, backed by the house band which was often Oliver Sain, Little Milton or James DeShay.
The Arabians joined the Jules Carlos Revue which featured a bevy of talent plying behind Benny Sharp and the Zorros of Rhythm.
In 1962, while performing with King at Club Caravan (formerly Early Bird Lounge), Jimmy Thomas introduced Johnson and Guy to bandleader Ike Turner who asked Johnson and Guy to join the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
Johnson accepted Turner's offer, but he learned that he was being tested for a few weeks, and Turner only intended on keeping only one of them.
Turner chose Guy, but one night when the revue was performing at the Manhattan Club, the crowd chanted for Johnson so he was rehired.
The revue toured throughout the country eleven months out of the year and performed four to seven days of the week.
In 1986, former Ikette Robbie Montgomery reached out to him to tour Europe with several Kings of Rhythm alumni, including Clayton Love, Billy Gayles, Erskine Oglesby, and Oliver Sain as the St. Louis Kings of Rhythm.
They toured into 1987 and the band was officially appointed as ambassadors for the City of St. Louis by Mayor Vincent Schoemehl.
Johnson continued to perform around St. Louis with the likes of Bennie Smith, Soul Reunion, and Broadway Rhythm until his health declined.
He was an engineer at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) from 1963 to 1978[1] and a physicist at the Institut de physique du globe in Paris from 1978 to 2003, where he created the Geomaterials Laboratory[1].
He has been elected to the Bureau des Longitudes[4] since 1996 and is a member of the National Academy of History of Ecuador.
He has worked on the physical properties of the deep Earth (lower mantle and core) and is interested in historical seismology.
The 2020 Badminton Asia Team Championships will be staged at the Rizal Memorial Coliseum in Manila, Philippines, from 11 to 16 February 2020 and is sanctioned by the Badminton Asia.
The 2020 Badminton Asia Team Championships will officially crown the best male and female national badminton teams in Asia and at the same time will serve as the Asian qualification event towards the 2020 Thomas & Uber Cup finals.
Originally formed in 2012 at St Andrews College in Blackrock, Dublin, the band only decided on the name Inhaler in 2015.
The 1971–72 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 72nd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The Geiranger - Hellesylt Ferry is a ferry service in Norway between the towns of Geiranger and Hellesylt both located in the municipality of Stranda in the county of Møre og Romsdal.
The camp is used by Kenyan and U.S. troops and is located near Manda Bay on the mainland of Lamu County, Kenya.
Fewer than 20 al-Shabaab militants assaulted Camp Simba, which was home to around 100 US personnel along with an undisclosed number of Kenyan troops.
The timing of the attack coincided with recent Iranian threats of retaliation to target US troops in response to the US assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani in the 2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike.
The raid began with an al-Shabaab attack on the Manda Air Strip targeting a taxiing Havilland Dash 8 surveillance plane with RPGs.
Two American contractors flying for L3 Technologies, employed by the US Department of Defense, were killed in this initial attack and a third injured.
A US army soldier acting as air traffic controller from a truck was killed in the ensuing gunfight that erupted after the attack on the plane.
In the raid, al-Shabaab targeted vehicles and aircraft at the airstrip with RPGs, and six aircraft and land vehicles were either destroyed or damaged, along with several fuel tankers.
The Havilland Dash 8 was in use as a spy plane, and was configured for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions in the region.
Along with claiming to have inflicted 40 casualties on US forces, al-Shabaab claimed to have killed US General Stephen J. Townsend in their raid, however, this claim was dismissed by United States Africa Command (AFRICOM).
In response to the raid, on 9 January AFRICOM sent two of its senior military officers to oversee a formal investigation.
It is Tokugawa shogunate's law the eldest son of Iemitsu Takechiyo take over Sogun's position but Takechiyo was extremely hated by Iemitsu.
William Edward China (7 December 1895 – 17 September 1979) was an English entomologist who was a specialist on the bugs (Hemiptera).
His education was interrupted by the First World War, during which he served in the army in France and then in the Royal Air Force.
He obtained a degree in zoology from Cambridge after the war and then joined the British Museum in 1922 and became keeper of entomology in 1955.
José Luis Escrivá Belmonte (born 5 December 1960) is a Spanish economist currently serving as Minister of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration within the Second Cabinet of Pedro Sánchez.
Before entering in politics, Escrivá had important roles in the Spanish and European fiscal oversight bodies such as Spain's Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility (2014–2020) and the European Union Independent Fiscal Institutions Network (2015–2019).
He is graduated in Economic Sciences by the Complutense University of Madrid and it was awarded with a grade extraordinary award.
He activately participated in the European Union, where he participated in the monetary union since 1993 as advisor of the European Monetary Institute.
With the creatin of the Monetary Union, he was appointed as Chief of the Monetary Policy Division of the European Central Bank, in Frankfurt.
Between 2004 and 2012, Escrivá worked in the BBVA Group, first as chief economist and Director of the Research Department and as Managing Director of the Public Finance Area later.
The conservative government of Mariano Rajoy appointed him as Chairman of the Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility of Spain, being ratified by the Finance Committee of the Congress of Deputies in February 20, 2014.
He was re-elected on November 2017 and ended its second term in November 2019, when the Network elected Seamus Coffey to replace him.
On 10 January 2020, it was announced that he would be appointed as the first head of the new Ministry of Social Security, Inclusion and Migration.
The 1970–71 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 71st in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Anne-Marie Lucienne Schwirtlich AM, BA(Hons), DipIM (NSW), FAHA, FIPAA is an Australian librarian who was the Director-General of the National Library of Australia from 2011 to 2017.
Born in Bombay in India to a French-speaking Mauritian mother and a German-speaking Czech father, Anne-Marie Schwirtlich spent her early years living in Bombay where she attended the Pck Presentation Convent Primary School in Kodaikanal.
In 1978 she commenced her career in the Australian Public Service before moving on to a post as Senior Curator of Printed and Written Records and Art (1988-1994) at the Australian War Memorial.
Schwirtlich was Director of Access and Information Services at the National Archives of Australia (1995-1998) and Acting Director of Australian Collections and Information Services at the National Library of Australia (1998).
She was Assistant Director-General of Public and Reader Services at the National Archives of Australia (1998-2000); Director-General of the National Archives of Australia (2000-2003); Chief Executive Officer of the State Library of Victoria (2003-2011) and was the Director-General of the National Library of Australia from 2011 to 2017.
Schwirtlich served as a Member (2003-2017) and as Chair (2004-2006) of the National & State Libraries Australasia; she was President of the Australian Society of Archivists (1989-1990); she has been a Fellow of the Society since 1992 and was their first Laureate in 1993 for outstanding service to the Society.
In addition, she has been a member of the National Collections Heritage Committee, the Australia-China Council and is the Deputy Chair of the Art Exhibitions Australia Board.
In the same year she received the Redmond Barry Award by the Australian Library and Information Association for her outstanding contribution to the library and information sector in Australia and was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.
Jean-Louis Le Mouël (born in 1938 in Remungol) is a French geophysicist, physicist emeritus at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), which he chaired, and member of the French Academy of sciences since 1988.
He is a member of the American Geophysical Union and the Royal Astronomical Society, a former president of the Geological Society of France, and has received numerous scientific and non-scientific decorations.
Officier of the Légion d'Honneur, CNRS Silver Medal in 1984, he also received the Grand Prix from the French Atomic Energy Commission in 1987 and the Petrus-Peregrinus Medal from the European Geosciences Union in 2004.
In view of the available observations, man-made global warming is only a hypothesis, which should be considered and discussed as such.
In particular, the director of the Hadley Centre, a proponent of global warming, claimed that the data that had been used by Courtillot and Le Mouël in a 2007 study had been manipulated.
Even after these accusations were lifted by the publication of the data used by the researchers, the latter did not wish to retract them and some showed the same bad faith.
In the 2010–11 season, WA Tlemcen is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 26th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
The game centres around Simon Forman, the real life astrologer-physician (1552-1611), and the characters he encounters who each demand diagnoses, treatments, and sometimes to be read fortunes written in the stars.
You play as Simon Forman, an astrologer, occultist, and herbalist active in London during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and James I of England.
After examining the skies for hints about your patients’ personal lives, you suggest a treatment or course of action for them.
The game was developed by Nyamnyam after Creative Director Jennifer Schneidereit saw the University of Cambridge’s Dr Lauren Kassell present her research on Simon Forman’s casebooks.
Inspired by the wealth of character and story material, and with the help of Dr Kassel’s research team, Nyamyam mined Forman’s life and original patient records for inspiration for the characters and stories.
According to review aggregator Metacritic, the PC version received mixed or average reviews while the iOS version received generally favourable reviews from critics.
Yoko Mimura (; born November 15, 1968 in Tokoro, Hokkaido, Japan) is a Japanese curler, a three-time (1995, 1996, 1997) and a five-time Japan women's champion (1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998).
You're a Winner, Baby is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and drag queen RuPaul, released on January 10, 2020.
His first ever track, ‘Fallen So Young’, which he wrote for his brother’s wedding and released in 2017, received a million plays in the first six months.
In 2018 he played BBC Music’s Biggest Weekend as an unsigned artist, appearing alongside Taylor Swift, Florence + The Machine, Sam Smith and more.
In Germany where he is signed to Epic Germany, he had a Top 10 hit, placed among the Top 10 in the Shazam charts, received more than 25k radio plays and 15 million streams of his single ‘Pieces’ on all platforms.
Also in 2018, he toured with Jake Bugg and Freya Ridings and in 2019 he supported the likes of Tom Walker on his European shows, including his O2 Academy Brixton show.
In the UK he is now signed to Polydor Records, and his debut single ‘Vienna’, was released in June 2019, along with a music video.
This received one million streams on Spotify in its first three weeks on the platform, with over 5 million combined streams and views to date.
IOC also modified Olympic Charter to increase flexibility by removing the date of election from 7 years before the games, and changing the host as a city to multiple cities, regions, or countries.
Pyeongchang could be formally elected as host of the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics on 10 January 2020 at the 135th IOC Session in Lausanne, Switzerland if all the requirements are fulfilled to the satisfaction of the Commission and the Executive Board.
The first-seeded Louie Bickerton and Daphne Akhurst Cozens defeated the unseeded Nell Lloyd and Gwen Utz 6–0, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1931 Australian Championships..
They became famous after their successful performance at The X Factor television music competition in 2016, where they reached the finals and entered the top ten.
Built in 1922 by Harland & Wolff Limited, in Govan, Glasgow, she would operate on transatlantic routes between New York and Rotterdam via the Caribbean Sea.In 1941 she was seized by the Kriegsmarine as an accommodation ship and in 1945 after heavy damage, she was returned to her former owners the Holland America Line.
Initially, passenger accommodation was divided into three classes, 263 in first class, 435 in second class and 1200 in third class.
On 17 September 1939 alongside the British freighter Collingworth she rescued survivors of the carrier HMS Courageous after she was sunk by a German U-boat.
This caused a crane to collapse and smash into the deck resulting in a minor fire of which was quickly extinguished.
During 1943 she was struck repeatedly by Allied bombs with one setting the ship on fire and severely damaging the engine room.
However, the ship was in very poor shape as she was partially submerged and suffered heavy fire damage as a result of negligence and bomb damage.
9 Gibraltar National League sides will enter at this stage along with Hound Dogs, who are competing in the 2019–20 Gibraltar Intermediate League.
The 9th General Junta was the meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional snap election held on 25 March 2012.
Finally, a draw between left and right was broken by the only member of Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) that gave back the government to the left.
The new parliament met for the first time on 27 April 2012 and after two rounds, Pedro Sanjurjo (PSOE) was elected as President of the General Junta, in a parliament composed provisionally by 44 members out of the 45 possibles, as Foro Asturias (FAC) complained the result of the Western District to the Justice Court of Asturias.
The 1969–70 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 70th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The Premier Division featured 19 clubs which competed in the division last season, no new clubs joined the division this season.
The Detroit News Orchestra, sometimes referred to as the little symphony and symphonic ensemble, played at the WWJ Detroit News radio studio during the week Monday through Friday at 7 P. M. and at 2 P.M. on Sundays.
They were also loaned from time to time to churches, schools, and other non-commercial organizations for recitals as public relations to its readers.
The distance is over , but there were six time zones between them so it was received at 6:30 pm local time.
The notes of the music transmitted from the Detroit News radio station in Michigan took about one fiftieth of a second to arrive in Hawaii and the complete musical program was heard by several people without interruption at the Hawaii post office.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 January 2020, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his first-class debut on 31 January 2020, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 17 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 6 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He spent time in the Northern Territory before joining the Australian Navy where he served for 13 years, 12 as a submariner.
He became curate at St Michael's Mitcham in Adelaide, before serving as priest at Timboon and Warracknabeal in Victoria in the Diocese of Ballarat from 1997 and Gordon in the Diocese of Gordon from 2004.
He was consecrated as bishop in St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide on 16 August 2019 and enthroned as Bishop of The Murray on 17 August 2019 in St John the Baptist Cathedral, Murray Bridge.
The 2020 Winter Youth Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees (NOCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, held in Lausanne, Switzerland, from 9 to 22 January 2020.
On the 10th of January, Noa finished the girls' Super-G event in alpine skiing in third place and the next day she finished in second place in combined event.
This also happened with Georgia who won its first medal in a Winter Olympics event, a bronze was won in the figure skating pair event by the skaters Alina Butaeva and Luka Berulava.
This was the first time in history that an athlete from a tropical nation and a Latin American won a medal at an Olympic winter event.
Kelly Sildaru was the first Estonian athlete to win a gold medal at the Youth Olympic Games, in freestyle skiing slopestyle event.
Liechtenstein also won its first bronze medal in the history of the Youth Olympic Games, a bronze medal won by Quentin Sanzo in bobsleigh.
Spaniard Maria Costa Diez also made history as she won the first Winter Olympics gold medal for her country since alpine skiing slalom at the 1972 Winter Olympics won by Francisco Fernández Ochoa.
In the Boys' monobob on bobsleigh,also two gold medals were awarded for a first place tie,and no silver medal was awarded.
The letter was originally included in the Yañalif, and later also included in the alphabets of the Kurdish, Abazin, Sami, Komi, Tsakhur, Azerbaijani and Bashkir languages, as well as in the draft reform of the Udmurt alphabet.
In alphabets that used this letter, lowercase B was replaced by a small capital so that there would be no confusion between and .
Since the letter, despite repeated applications, is not present in Unicode , instead of it, computer letters use similar letters: Ь ь (Cyrillic soft sign) or Ƅ ƅ (the letter that was previously used in the Zhuang alphabet to denote the sixth tone ).
The 2017 World Para Ice Hockey Championships for A-Pool teams (Canada, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, United States) was held in Gangneung, South Korea, from 11 April through 20 April 2017.
The opening ceremony was held on 11 April and games were played from 12 April through 20 April, followed by the closing ceremony.
The World Championships for B-Pool teams (Czech Republic, Great Britain, Japan, Slovakia) was held at Hakucho Arena in Tomakomai, Japan, from 28 November to 3 December 2016.
Jeffers uses the metaphor of a mold and a molten mass to signify the vulgar American culture of his day and the corrupt American people.
He uses the metaphor of a flower that gives way to a fruit, which in turn decays and becomes part of the soil.
Jeffers then addresses his twin sons and wishes for them to keep a distance from the corrupt urban areas, which are the centers of the decay.
As politics and history are part of a natural process of growth and decay, the task for the human individual becomes to find a comprehensive way to regard this process.
The aloofness Jeffers recommends to his sons ties in with his philosophy of Inhumanism, which he would codify in the 1940s.
The same naturalizing aloofness, applied in the original poem to the exuberance and decadence of the Jazz Age, is here targeted at the Great Depression and the approaching war, which has led to charges of cruelty and fascist sympathies.
The 2007 FC Rubin Kazan season was the clubs 5th season in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia.
The new facility was procured under a private finance initiative contract in 2007 and was designed by Murphy Philipps and built by Rydons at a cost of £20 million.
Like other members of the Sclerodactylidae family, members of Afrocucumis are characterised by the complex ring of ossicles they have near the anterior end.
These may or may not take the form of a short tube, but are quite unlike the long tubes found in the phyllophorids.
The lower reaches of the Big Pit are navigable during the spring flood between May an June up to the Bryanka pier, from the river's mouth.
River Big Pit has its source in the eastern slopes of the Yenisei Range, part of the western side of the Central Siberian Plateau.
Flowing southwestwards across the taiga of the mountainous region, it cuts across the main ridge of the Yenisei Range through a deep gorge.
The Big Pit joins the right bank of the Yenisei downriver from Ust-Pit village and from the mouth of the Yenisei.
The main tributaries of the Big Pit are the Chirimba, Panimba, Veduga, Lendakha and Kamenka on the right and the Gorbilok and Sukhoi Pit on the left.
This project was abandoned due to a lack of regulatory clarity, and founders Sean Sanders and Louis Buys instead decided to found a cryptocurrency exchange.
As of 2020, Revix had relocated its legal domicile to the UK and was seeking to expand its operations from South Africa to Europe, the UK, Australia and New Zealand.
William George Murray (1884 – 2 December 1975) was a constable in the Northern Territory Police force who, in 1928, led a series of punitive expeditions against Aboriginal Australians that became known as the Coniston massacre.
In 1914, at the age of thirty, Murray enlisted as a soldier in the First Australian Imperial Force to fight in World War I.
He also recounted the occasions in which he was nearly killed and described an incident in which he was shot in the shoulder.
He remained at the front until the end of the war and was wounded twice more and was also treated for gonorrhoea.
In April 1919, Murray joined the Northern Territory Police as a constable and was posted to the very remote Ranken River police station on the Barkly Tableland.
He was involved in capturing Aboriginal Australians who were killing the stock of Anglo-Australians who ran cattle stations in the region.
Murray would either chain those he captured and escort them for judicial hearings in larger settlements such as Alice Springs or he would hand out summary punishment as he saw fit.
In 1926, Murray was transferred to the Barrow Creek police station where he was given the additional title of Protector of Aborigines for the immediate region around Barrow Creek.
In August 1928, Murray was ordered to investigate the killing of a white man named Fred Brooks who was bludgeoned to death by several Aboriginal people at a waterhole to the west of Coniston cattle station near the modern-day settlement of Yuendumu.
In early September, Murray went on another police mission to arrest Aboriginal cattle killers around the Coniston and Barrow Creek areas.
An unknown number of Aboriginal people were possibly killed during this expedition with a further two Aboriginal prisoners, named Ned and Barney, taken to Alice Springs.
From late September until mid October, Murray conducted a third punitive expedition to the north of Coniston along the Lander and Hanson Rivers.
Officially, 31 men, women and children were killed during this police operation, although analysis of the existing documentation and surviving Aboriginal testimonies indicate that somewhere between 100 and 200 people were shot dead.
Of the four Aboriginal prisoners, Ned and Barney were sentenced at Alice Springs and served one month in the jail there for the spearing of cattle.
At this trial, conducted in November 1928, Murray freely gave evidence to the presiding judge that he shot a large number of Aboriginals during the operation, that he shot to kill and shot dead wounded Aboriginals.
Murray's admissions in court however led to widespread publicity about the massacres and a governmental Board of Inquiry was set up to investigate the actions of constable Murray.
The Board of Inquiry which ran from late December 1928 until the end of January 1929 was a whitewash set up to protect Murray and the colonial system in the Northern Territory.
The board found that Murray and the other perpetrators of the massacres acted in self defence and that the shootings were justified.
It found that the Aboriginals themselves were to blame and that more police patrols would be required to instil control upon the surviving Indigenous population.
In February 1929, he was ordered to track down an Aboriginal man named Willaberta Jack who had shot dead a white man named Harry Henty.
He took prospecting leases out for himself and also demanded Aboriginal people bring him samples of gold in return for the government rations that he was supposed to hand out to them.
There is also a suggestion that Murray participated in another massacre or mass poisoning of Aboriginal Australians at the nearby Sandover River while he was posted at Arltunga.
In 1933, he was interviewed at Arltunga by the famous novelist Ernestine Hill where he again boasted of the various ways he had killed numerous Aboriginals.
In 1940, at the age of 56, he was transferred to Darwin, where he remained a constable in the police force until 1945.
In this year his title of Protector of Aborigines was terminated and he left the Northern Territory to retire to Adelaide in the state of South Australia.
When he retired to Adelaide, Murray worked as a caretaker at the Malvern Methodist Church in the Adelaide suburb of St Peters.
He is buried at the Centennial Park Cemetery in the Adelaide suburb of Pasadena and his grave is marked with an honourable ANZAC veteran's plaque.
The town of Luokė was first mentioned in historical sources when King Jogaila and Grand Duke Vytautas christianized Samogitia in 1413 and promised to build eight churches, including one in Luokė.
It is assumed that the church was built soon after the christianization, though the first mention of a priest in Luokė dates only to 1466.
Priest recorded a romantic story that Vytautas built the first church on , a hill located near Luokė that was considered sacred in the local pagan faith.
Kęsgaila's benefice, confirmed by Alexander Jagiellon in 1493, in addition to granting land, allowed the parish to maintain five inns that were exempt from taxes.
In 1541, parson Jonas Andriejus Valantinas, who was a royal physician and was confirmed as parson of Luokė by Pope Paul III when requested by Sigismund I the Old, asked to remove the limits on the number of inns that the parish could keep.
According to Motiejus Valančius, Bishop Merkelis Giedraitis established three deaneries (in Virbalis, Viduklė, and Luokė) in 1587, but documents mentioning deaneries in the diocese date only from 1619–1620.
After the uprising was suppressed by the Tsarist authorities, four priests from Luokė were exiled to Siberia and the parish school was closed.
Born in Dublin, MacMahon is the granddaughter of writer Mary Lavin and the niece of Caroline Walsh, the literary editor of the Irish Times.
She made the news herself when the publisher Little, Brown paid £600,000 for the English rights of her first two books.
The first book has been translated into 20 languages and was shortlisted for a number of awards including the Kerry Group Irish Book of the Year award, two Bord Gáis Energy Irish Book Awards and the RTÉ Liveline listener’s poll for Book of the Year 2012.
In 1995, he joined the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) and he became Mayor in replacement of the deceased Mayor Romà Planas i Miró.
He was ousted as Mayor after a successful vote of no confidence in early 1999, but he soon made a comeback as his party commanded a qualified majority at the June 1999 local elections.
In September 2005, he was appointed Director-General for Infrastructure Management of the Department of Justice of the Regional Government of Catalonia.
From 2010 to 2011 he was Director of the Economic Management Office of the City Council of Barcelona  and Coordinator of the Local Socialist Group in the City Council from 2011 to 2016.
He was part, along with Adriana Lastra and José Luis Ábalos, of the negotiating team of the PSOE that reached an agreement with ERC for their abstention in the investiture of Pedro Sánchez in January 2020.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
The film is produced by Sajid Nadiadwala and Salman Khan under their banners Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment and Salman Khan Films, and story is written by Nadiadwala.
The film was announced on 10 January 2020 and is scheduled for a worldwide release on 13 May 2021, coinciding with Eid-ul-Fitr.
The poem is dedicated to Robert Aiken, a successful Ayrshire lawyer who was Burns's patron at the time, and the opening stanza addresses him in advancing the poem's sentimental theme.
On a cold Saturday evening in November, a Scottish cotter—a peasant farmer who labours in return for the right to live in a cottage—returns home to his family ahead of the Sabbath.
His wife and numerous children gather round the fire to share their news, while he gives out fatherly advice and admonition based on Christian teachings.
The cotter's wife is pleased to see that the boy is not a rake and truly loves her daughter, and the cotter welcomes him into his home.
The Scottish painter John Faed produced a series of illustrations featuring scenes from the poem, some of which were subsequently engraved by William Miller.
Scenes from the poem also inspired paintings by David Wilkie and William Kidd, and William Allan's painting of Burns writing the poem was subsequently engraved by John Burnet.
Bas-relief panels featuring scenes from the poem adorn a number of statues of Robert Burns, including: George Edwin Ewing's statue in George Square, Glasgow; Charles Calverley's statue in Washington Park, Albany, New York; and George Anderson Lawson's statue in Victoria Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
In the first years of Christianity in Lithuania, there were no special educational institutions for priests, and the pastoral work was often done by foreigners, mostly Polish.
Medininkai diocese wanted to overcome the shortage of priests and in 1469 established a school by the cathedral for future priests of the diocese.
The seminary in Varniai opened only in 1623 when thanks to Stanislovas Kiška two separate wooden buildings were built for the purpose.
They were erected upon a hill, where previously pagan rituals had taken place, later two Medininkai (Samogitian) diocese cathedrals were built there.
In 1770 a whole seminary palace was built, where future priests studied until 1864, when by the decision of Russian Czar, the seminary was relocated to Kaunas.
During the period from 1845 to 1850 the future bishop who was appointed as the rector of the Samogitian seminary began a sobriety movement, took care in educating children and adults, and organised the distribution of Lithuanian books.
By Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania in 1999 the palace was passed on to the Samogitian diocese museum.
Next to the palace, the M. Valančius garden has survived – the garden planted by the bishop himself, an alley of trees and a pond.
It is said, that it was specifically here that he meditated, thought and communicated with the rebels, thus the garden is considered a significant object of cultural heritage.
She studied art in Stockholm at the Academy of Fine Arts from 1895 to 1901 before travelling to Munich, Paris and Rome afterwards She painted portraits and landscapes.
She participated in the Lund exhibition in 1907 and the Swedish Artists ' Association's exhibition at the Skåne Art Museum in Lund in 1912 and the International Madonna exhibition in Florence in 1933.
The programme stars Joe Wilkinson (who co-writes with David Earl) as Simon, Diane Morgan as his girlfriend Donna, Sue Johnston as his mother Sue, Bobby Ball as his step father Ray, and Ben Rufus Green as his step brother David.
In 1662 he became a prebendary of Lismore and a year later Archdeacon of Waterford, He was archdeacon until his resignation in 1667; and prebendary until 1680.
It was recorded at the Teatro Mars in São Paulo from August 5–6, 2003, in a lavish set decorated as the nave of a Gothic church.
Counting with guest appearances by Negra Li, Marcelo D2 of Planet Hemp fame, Camisa de Vênus frontman Marcelo Nova and hip hop group RZO, it was one of the band's most critically acclaimed and best-selling releases; the CD version was placed ninth in the list of most best-selling albums of 2003, and the DVD version in third.
Hickorynut Lake, also known sometimes as Little Hickorynut, is a natural freshwater lake on the northwest side of Walt Disney World, in Orange County, Florida.
This lake has no public boat docks, no public swimming areas and only a little public access from two roads that border it.
Live in Paris '19 is the second in a trio of benefit live albums by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, which was released digitally to Bandcamp on 10 January 2020.
Angle was born in Hornsey in London but grew up in neighbouring Islington, one of the eleven children of Susan and John Angle, a job master.
Angle exhibited pieces at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool and in London, showing some 16 works at the Royal Academy between 1885 and 1899 and two pieces at the Society of Women Artists in 1890.
The facility, which was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt, opened as the Newton Abbot Union Workhouse in 1837.
After services transferred to Newton Abbot Community Hospital in 2009, the old Newton Abbot Hospital closed and the main building was subsequently converted into a Sainsbury's outlet.
Formerly a judge of the Appeal Court, she was nominated Supreme Court Judge in November 2019 and vetted on 9 December 2019.
She became a Circuit Court judge in 1992 and served in that capacity until 2000 when she was made a High Court judge.
She had been a justice of the Court of Appeal until her nomination for the role of Supreme Court Judge in November 2019.
Justice Owusu has served as the president of the Ghana Chapter of the International Association of Women Judges for a period of four years.
The Latham Bungalow or Latham House in Paris, Idaho, at 152 S. 1st, East, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Glyndebourne Festival Opera: A Gala Evening was a 111-minute concert staged by Glyndebourne Festival Opera on 24 July 1992, performed by Kim Begley, Montserrat Caballé, Cynthia Haymon, Felicity Lott, Benjamin Luxon, Ruggero Raimondi and Frederica von Stade with the Glyndebourne Festival Chorus and the London Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Sir Andrew Davis and Sir Bernard Haitink.
It was televised in the United Kingdom by the BBC and released on VHS Videocassette by Kultur Video and on DVD by Image Entertainment, Arthaus Musik and Geneon.
The Glyndebourne Festival Opera was founded in 1934 by the English landowner John Christie (1882-1964) and his wife, the English and Canadian soprano Audrey Mildmay (1900-1953).
The Christies mounted their productions in a theatre specially built for the purpose in the grounds of their manor house near Lewes in East Sussex.
The final performance in the old auditorium was a fund-raising gala presented at 8:30 p.m. on 24 July 1992 in the presence of His Royal Highness Charles, Prince of Wales.
The event was sponsored by N M Rothschild & Sons, Banque and The Private Bank and Trust Company Limited, with additional support from British American Tobacco plc.
It offered a menu of composers and compositions with which Glyndebourne had had some of its greatest successes, and presented artists who had played a particularly distinguished part in the festival's history.
Janet Baker, Geraint Evans and Elisabeth Söderström participated in order to introduce other singers rather than to perform themselves, but their contributions were nevertheless very worthwhile.
Sir George Christie was eloquent in his admiration for his company's chorus and the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and his encomium was no less than they deserved.
All home media releases of the gala present the same 111-minute edition of it, and all offer 4:3 colour video and stereo audio.
In 1995, the gala was issued on VHS videocassette by Kultur Video in the United States and by Videolog in the United Kingdom.
In 1997, Image Entertainment issued the gala in the United States on a Region 1 DVD with NTSC video and Dolby Digital audio.
Steinberg has a master’s degrees in journalism from Columbia University and economic development from the University of Toronto and a bachelor’s degree in economics from Reed College.
Other jobs for the US government include director of the US Department of State’s Joint Policy Council, White House deputy press secretary, and National Security Council senior director for African Affairs.
Other positions include being deputy president for policy at the International Crisis Group, a Randolph Jennings senior fellow at the US Institute of Peace, and advisor to the Women's Refugee Commission, the UN Development Fund for Women, the UN Civil Society Advisory Group for Women, Peace and Security, and the Institute for Inclusive Security.
Flavio Becca (born June 18, 1962, in Luxembourg ) is a Luxembourg real estate investor and owner of F1 Dudelange a Luxembourgish professional football club.
He played at the 1998 Winter Olympics as alternate for Tim Somerville's team, where USA men's team finished in fourth place.
In 2007 he played second for Mike Farbelow when they won the Minnesota State Championship and then won the United States Men's Club Championship.
Solin has won the United States Senior Men's Championship three times, in 2011 and 2016 with Geoff Goodland as skip and 2017 with Mike Farbelow as skip.
Winning Senior Nationals earns the team the chance to represent the United States at the World Senior Curling Championships; Solin's first trip to World Seniors in 2011 has been his most successful, earning the silver medal when they lost to Canada's Mark Johnson in the final.
Route 90, also known as Salmonier Line and St. Mary’s Bay Highway, is a north-south Highway on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland.
Route 90 begins in St. Vincent's-St. Stephen's-Peter's River at a bridge along the beach, which straddles a narrow isthmus between the ocean and a large lagoon (Holyrood Pond), with the road continuing east as Route 10.
It turns north to pass through the St. Vincent’s portion of town before leaving town and heading more inland along the shoreline of Holyrood Pond.
The highway then turns west to pass through Gaskiers-Point La Haye and follow the coastline again to pass through the towns of St. Mary's and Riverhead.
Route 90 then turns inland again as it travels up a narrow valley centered along a small stream (Riverhead River) for several kilometers before crossing the river and passing northwest through rural wooded and hilly terrain for the next several kilometers.
It now passes through St. Joseph's, where it has an intersection with Route 94 (Admirals Beach Road), Forest Field-New Bridge, and Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catherines, where it crosses the Salmonier River and has intersections with Route 93 (Mount Carmel Road) and Route 91 (Old Placentia Highway) in the St. Catherine’s portion of town.
The highway winds its way northeast through rural wooded areas for several kilometers, where it passes by Salmonier Nature Park, before entering Holyrood at an interchange with Route 1 (Trans Canada Highway, Exit 35).
Route 90 passes through neighborhoods and crosses over the Daniels River before entering a business district and coming to an end at an intersection with Route 60 (Conception Bay Highway) near the coastline of Conception Bay.
In total athletes representing Switzerland won ten gold medals, six silver medals and eight bronze medals and the country finished in 2nd place in the medal table.
She was a managing editor at Barnes and Noble when she decided to write her first novel, a fairy tale noir novel for young adults.
The 2020 ANA Inspiration is the 49th ANA Inspiration LPGA golf tournament, held April 2–5, 2020 at the Dinah Shore Tournament Course of Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California.
This will be its 38th year as a major championship, and Golf Channel will televise the event for the tenth consecutive year.
It is the earliest building with elements of Renaissance Revival style in downtown Idaho Falls; the later Shane Building, Underwood Hotel, Hotel Idaho, and Farmers and Merchants Bank have more of that.
It was used from 1953 on by the local carpenters union for use as a meeting hall and offices by several unions, and was called the Labor Temple.
It is the first government school in the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales to implement the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme, having gained IBO membership in 2006.
Students come from more than 65 different nationalities and cultural backgrounds, with more than 22 languages spoken in the school community.
Chief Minister Andrew Barr commented in 2010, when he was the Minister for Education and Training, that Red Hill School was founded in 1960 to service the growing needs of Canberra's public servants, as the Federal Government’s civil and diplomatic service expanded.
The suburb of Red Hill was ideal to serve this particular growing need, as it is positioned at the edge of the Parliamentary Triangle and right beside the suburb of Yarralumla, where multiple embassies are located.
As reported by the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) in 2018, the school community is highly diverse and international with families from diplomatic, government, defence force, university and business backgrounds from more than 65 different nationalities and cultural backgrounds.
High standards of academic achievements combined with a strong emphasis on the arts, sports and physical education provide students with a challenging, well-rounded curriculum.
As of 2016, 32% of the teaching staff also possess a postgraduate qualifications, on top of their undergraduate qualifications, in the following areas of education: Early Childhood, Gifted and Talented, English as an Additional Language, Inclusive Education, Pedagogy and Educational Leadership.
Additional to university-recognised tertiary qualifications, all teaching staff at Red Hill School also completes formal International Baccalaureate professional development as a prerequisite to teaching the Primary Years Program in an IB school.
It takes students residing within its school priority enrolment area of Red Hill, Kingston, Griffith, Narrabundah, Fyshwick, Symonston, Harman and Oaks Estate.
Statistics in 2018 place the school's Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (ICSEA) at 1149, while the national average stood at 1000, indicating 71% of students are in the top quarter of the educational advantage distribution, due to various factors outlined by ACARA.
The school has a teacher-to-student ratio of 1-to-17 and 40% of students come from a language background other than English, while 3% of the student population is of an indigenous background.
On 26 November 2010, a new $3.3 million multi-purpose hall was officially opened by then Minister for Education and Training Andrew Barr (current Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory), in commencement of the school’s 50th anniversary celebrations.
Subsequently, over the course of two years, the school also received $6.3 million in ACT Government funding for 8 new classrooms, new administration areas and car park upgrades.
Canberra's residential districts were developed with the intention of being semi-self-contained satellite towns and the district of South Canberra comprises three IB World Schools that are complementary: Red Hill School, Telopea Park High School and Narrabundah College.
The IBO Diploma Program has been on offer at Narrabundah College for 25 years, being the first IBO accredited school and college in Australia.
The IB Middle Years Program is offered at Telopea Park High School while the Primary Years Program is offered at Red Hill School for every student from kindergarten to year 6.
The school offers a range of innovative courses, including language programs, an Indigenous Action Group, specialist music courses (including West African drumming) and a variety of enrichment programs.
Specialist French, Mandarin and library programs are explicitly taught, while specialist learner-assistance English as a second language is also provided for students in need.
The school's choir and bands perform at assemblies throughout the year and also at public functions, including Floriade, local retirement villages and nursing homes.
Red Hill Preschool and Griffith Preschool are managed by Red Hill School and delivers the IB inquiry program and a play-based developmental curriculum, underpinned by the Early Years Learning Framework.
In 1977, the French-Australian Preschool was recognised by the Commonwealth Department of Education and the ACT School's Authority and moved to rented premises attached to Red Hill School.
In 1977, an agreement was reached between the French and Australian governments to establish a bi-national school in Canberra, thereby firmly establishing the French-Australian Preschool.
By 1994, the preschool was officially recognised by the French Ministry of Education (Homologation) and purchased the land and buildings it currently occupies in 2012.
The Weight of Chains 3 is a 2019 Canadian documentary film, which the filmakers claim, details how the military-industrial complex, big business and political interest groups endanger peoples’ health and very existence, focusing on Serbia.
The film starts by detailing how and why the United States Army started using depleted uranium in its munitions, against the backdrop of nuclear weapons testing in the Pacific and the nuclear arms race during the Cold War.
It then discusses the effects of US use of depleted uranium during the Gulf War in Iraq and Kuwait and presents this as a trial run before the use of depleted uranium in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995 and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999.
Through interviews with Serbian and Italian military and medical experts, the film suggests that NATO knowingly turned the Balkans into an experimental laboratory in which KFOR soldiers and civilian populations were human guinea pigs.
The documentary moves on to assess the potential threat coming from genetically modified organisms, small hydro plants, air pollution and climate change, advocating that the neoliberal system is to blame for the ongoing destruction of the environment.
The film gives a brief history of how that system was imposed in Serbia, through interviews with current government and opposition representatives, as well as economic experts.
Detailing the rise of Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić and several of his government's affairs, the film suggests that change is no longer a matter of choice, but a question of survival.
Malagurski filed a complaint with the Serbian Ministry of Culture, claiming that the reasons given for funding refusal were illegal and went against the rules and regulations for funding film projects.
The Albanian demonstrators were chanting in favor of the Kosovo Liberation Army, one Albanian protester was arrested by the NYPD, while Malagurski received a police escort to the cinema, after which he dedicated the premiere to the NYPD.
The film is set to have its Serbian premiere at the Belgrade DOK Film Festival on February 2, 2020, after which it will be screened in cinemas in several cities across Serbia, including Novi Sad, Kragujevac, and Niš.
Royalstar or Rongshida () is a Chinese brand of home appliances owned by the Hefei State-owned Assets Management Holdings Co., Ltd, a branch of Hefei State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC).
Since the 21 century, Rongshida has experienced ups and downs and lost its leading position in the Chinese market of major appliances.
Rongshida grew out of the Hardware & Iron Foundry of Hefei West District, which was founded in 1954 in Hefei, Anhui.
In 1986, Chen Rongzhen took over the company as the factory director and reformed the producing system of the factory, which turned around the gloomy situation caused by poor operation of that time.
On 8 October 1992, the factory founded a joint venture named Rongshida Electric Co, Ltd. with Hongkong Fengshida Investment Co, Ltd. and Anhui Import & Export Company.
In cooperation with the Japanese company Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Rongshida founded a joint venture named Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd..
In order to expand the category of its products, Rongshida Group founded another six joint ventures with Maytag Corporation and Hong Kong ECRIEE Electronics Co., Ltd..
After its cancellation, Rongshida brand was marginalized under the control of Midea Group, which led to its constantly declining market shares.
Currently, Whirlpool China has the right to label its refrigerators, washing machines and microwave ovens with the four brands belonging to Rongshida: Whirlpool, Sanyo, DIQUA and Rongshida.
Its actual business entity is Zhongshan Nca Home Devices Co., Ltd., which mainly produces kitchen hoods, gas stoves, gas water heaters and cupboards.
Like other members of the Sclerodactylidae family, members of Eupentacta are characterised by the complex ring of ossicles they have near the anterior end.
These may or may not take the form of a short tube, but are quite unlike the long tubes found in the phyllophorids.
Loftus was formed out of a proposal by an A&M Records representative to combine the bands Red Red Meat and Rex into a group that would release an experimental album for an A&M subsidiary Treat and Release.
A selection of members from both bands recorded with Bundy K. Brown and Brian Deck at the recording studio of Ben Massarella of Perishable Records in August and September 1996.
Treat and Release eventually folded before the album was issued, and the recordings were reacquired by Massarella and Tim Rutili, members of Red Red Meat (which disbanded in 1997).
The album was a modest financial success for the label, which led to their issuing side projects from several of Loftus's members.
The group did not issue any further material under this name, but the album saw a vinyl reissue on Jealous Butcher Records in 2013.
The original CD issue on Perishable and the vinyl reissue on Jealous Butcher were both encased in sandpaper sleeves, which were meant to abrade and damage the covers of the records they sit next to on a shelf.
Today operated by Thames Water, it is located on the western side of Norman Road, approximately south west of Greenwich town centre, on the eastern bank of Deptford Creek, around south of its confluence with the River Thames.
A Northern Outfall Sewer intercepted flows north of the river, while the Southern Outfall Sewer took flows south of the Thames.
The pumping station raised sewage flows so that it could then flow under Greenwich, Woolwich, Plumstead and across Erith marshes to a treatment plant at Crossness.
Deptford was the south London equivalent of Abbey Mills pumping station in West Ham, which performed a similar function on the Northern Outfall Sewer.
The original Deptford pumping station building (now a Grade II listed building) was built in London stock brick in an Italianate style, and comprised two engine houses with a linking boiler house.
Over 150 years later, the pumping station site will be the location of Greenwich pumping station, part of the Thames Tideway Scheme, currently under construction, and intended to supersede Bazalgette's system.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
The franchise is owned and operated by Vince Covino, a father who wanted to create a business that allowed families to spend more quality time together.
Prior to the launch of SeaQuest, the Covino brothers opened several standalone aquariums beginning with the Idaho Aquarium in 2011 (changed ownership 2014), Portland Aquarium in 2012 (closed 2016), the Austin Aquarium in 2013) and the San Antonio Aquarium in 2014.
SeaQuest provides an interactive experience for visitors by allowing guests the option to touch fish through open tanks, as well as holding and feeding animals in close proximity.
In 2013, Ammon Covino was found guilty of poaching animals off the shore of the Florida Keys, leaving Vince Covino to be the CEO of the business.
This list does not include violations and controversies at Covino's other aquarium businesses in Austin, San Antonio, and the former location in Portland, Oregon.
In addition to violations, SeaQuest has been subject to considerable boycott and protests by many animal-rights advocates such as actor Alec Baldwin who blocked an aquarium from being constructed on Long Island.
A Life of Napoleon (french: ) is a book written by Marie-Henri Beyle, better known under his usual pseudonym of Stendhal, in 1817-1818.
He was appointed Consul at Civitavecchia after the 1830 revolution, but his health deteriorated and six years later he was back in Paris working on his Life of Napoleon.
Beyle served as a lieutenant under Napoleon, from the heroic crossing of the Alps into Italy to the campaigns of Russia, and Austria.
Twenty years later, during the late 1830s, Stendhal returns to his project, encouraged by the new public provisions of the July Monarchy and the abundance of sources of information.
The first is primitive democracy or despotism, the second aristocracy under one or more rulers, and the third (and presumably final) one is representative government.
Napoleon represents for Stendhal the last grand figure in the second stage of history, the nineteenth-century tyrant who paradoxically brings about the third phase of civilization.
For example, a legislator is an official when voting in the legislature, but a private citizen when paying taxes or when undertaking a citizen's arrest in a public place.
Historically, Curly Lambeau has been given credit for being the Packers' first head coach, although this is primarily due to the different rules of early American football.
Lambeau, as team captain, would call the plays during a game and also organized practices, tasks that are now allocated to the head coaching position.
Ryan, who also coached the Green Bay West High School football team, only coached the Packers in their inaugural season in 1919, leading the team to a record of 10–1.
After co-founding the Packers with George Whitney Calhoun, Curly Lambeau asked Ryan to be the head coach of the team, while Lambeau served as team captain.
During the 1919 season, Ryan also returned to coach Green Bay West, while Lambeau coached rival Green Bay East High School.
The Packers under Ryan were more successful, with the team going 10–1 in 1919, mostly playing against other local teams in the Wisconsin region.
Although the division of labor is not exactly known, the rules of football in the early 1900s prevented the head coach from talking to the players during the game.
Lambeau was also recognized for organizing the team, signing players, and conducting practices, all roles that a head coach in modern football performs.
In 1920, Ryan moved from Green Bay to Gilbert, Minnesota, where he was superintendent of schools for a number of years.
This registration was intended to provide an inventory of the industrial manpower of men who were too old to serve in active United States military units.
In 2019, he was chosen to succeed Philippe Rebord as Chief of the Armed Forces, with his selection being viewed by observers as unusual considering his background.
Rebord's formal retirement ceremony was held on 5 December 2019, and Süssli formally became the Armed Forces chief on January 1, 2020.
The Monastir Preparatory Engineering Institute () or IPEIM, is a Tunisian university establishment created according to the law N° 95-40 in 1992.
Richard Hightower is an American football coach currently serving as Special Teams Coordinator of the San Francisco 49ers of the NFL.
Previously he held the role of assistant special teams coach with the Chicago Bears in 2016 and the 49ers in 2015.
Fabio Baggio (Bassano del Grappa, 1965) is an Italian priest of the Scalabrinian Missionaries, a collaborator of Pope Francis and one of the Vatican officials in charge of migrations.
He was consultant on the migrations of the Episcopal Conference of Chile and director of Migrations of the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires.
He has also been the director of the Scalabrini Migration Center in the Philippines from 2002 to 2010 and the Scalabrini International Migration Institute at the Pontifical Urban University since 2010.
Since January 2017 he has been the undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development with Michael Czerny.
Oliver Atkins Farwell (13 December 1867, Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts – 18 September 1944, Lake Linden, Michigan) was a herbarium curator, botanist, and drug inspector.
As a boy he moved with his family to Michigan, where he was educated at public schools and the Michigan State Normal School.
He taught in 1889 and 1890 at Michigan state secondary schools and from 1890 to 1892 at Michigan State Normal School.
Greyhound Recycling is an Irish waste collection and recycling company; who took over the waste collection business from South Dublin County Council in 2011, making it one of the largest household recycling company in Ireland.
In 2012, it took over the Dublin County Council waste collection and it serves over 500,000 customers in 12 local authorities in Ireland, as well as operating renewable business interests in 15 countries in Europe and Asia.
Founded more than 40 years ago by Bernard and Maura Buckley, Greyhound is an Irish family run business based in Clondalkin, Dublin.
As a part of Recycling in the Republic of Ireland the company is now investing €35 million into its commercial division.
The dispute ended with a settlement between the workers and the company , Greyhound workers’ elected representatives, and the SIPTU organisers involved in this dispute, has been a key factor in the union’s ability to negotiate an agreement with management.
The Ice dancing competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics is held at the Lausanne Skating Arena on 10 January (rhythm dance) and 12 January 2020 (free dance).
It centres around Tim (played by Renkow), a man with cerebral palsy who tries to use his condition to his advantage.
In September 2019, it was reported that BBC Three had ordered a second series had been ordered before the first had aired.
In Season 1, Tim faces deportation due to the impending expiration of his visa, and makes various attempts to ward off this fate.
Academy and played a vital role in Aizawl FC's achievement in the 2017–18 Youth League U18, he was also part of the National Under-17 probable squad for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
The National Woolsorters' Society (NWS) was a trade union representing workers involved in sorting wool in the United Kingdom, principally in Yorkshire.
The following year, T. Grundy was elected as its general secretary, and he became known for leading campaigns against woolsorters' disease, which was later found to be caused by anthrax.
By 1980, it had only 676 members remaining, and this led it to merge into the Association of Professional, Executive and Computer Staff on 9 May.
The leaf-blades of the rosettes are 30-120 mm long by 10-25 mm wide and are rounded at the apex (and sometimes with a sharp pointed tip).
The upper surface of the blades are densely covered in long silky hairs, while on the lower surface the hairs are shorter and fewer.
The calyx is 3-5 mm long and the corolla is a deep blue, with a cylindrical tube and the lobes are rounded and flat.
The Tunis Preparatory Engineering Institute () or IPEIT, is a Tunisian university establishment created according to the law N°95-40 on April 24, 1995.
Sorley was a member of Canada's gold medal winning team at the 2017 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Gangneung, South Korea.
He was also a member of Canada's silver medal winning team at the 2019 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Monroe (previously known as Monroe Furnace and Monroe Station) is an unincorporated community in Jefferson Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States.
The Monroe Station Post Office was established on October 18, 1861, discontinued on March 21, 1864, re-established on September 29, 1868, discontinued again on February 29, 1884, re-established again on November 30, 1888, and ultimately discontinued again on May 3, 1890.
Bandmembers Seth Cohen and Michael Lenzi played in the group Number One Cup together in the late 1990s, but in September 1998, Cohen broke his neck playing ice hockey.
He recovered in time to tour with Number One Cup to support their fourth album, but soon after, that group splintered, leaving Cohen embittered.
Despite mutual tension between the former bandmates, Cohen and Lenzi began talking and writing songs together later in 1999, and put together a new four-member ensemble.
As an ensemble, they initially took the name X-Vessel, but bassist Brian Lubinsky left the group in 2000 and they renamed themselves The Fire Show.
The girls' 10 km individual biathlon competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 11 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
Trowbridge attended the University of Michigan with the class of 1876, but he left the college in the fall of his senior year, and started to study law with the firm Morse & Wilson in Ionia, Michigan from 1877 to 1879.
Trowbridge was elected to the position of Michigan Attorney General in 1889 and resigned from the position on May 25, 1890 due to his poor health.
Col. Washington Romeyn Vermilye (September 29, 1810 – December 23, 1876) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
He was a son of Mary (née Montgomery) Vermilye (1782–1847), who was of Irish Montgomery lineage, and William W. Vermilye (1780–1849), a venerated elder in the Presbyterian Church.
Among his siblings were bankers William Montgomery Vermilye and Jacob Dykeman Vermilye (husband of Mary Cornelia Lathrop), and prominent clergyman, the Rev.
In 1832, he was elected First lieutenant, followed by Captain in 1833, Major in 1840, Lieutenant colonel in 1843, and lastly, promoted to Colonel in November 1845.
After years of service in the regiment he continued his interest, being colonel of the veterans, and was actively involved in the building of new armory.
Vermilye was a Republican in politics and was involved as one of the commissioners of the New York Public School System.
In 1863, W.R. and his brother William declined, along with President Abraham Lincoln, Robert B. Roosevelt, John J. Astor Jr. and Nathaniel Sands, to endorse John Adams Dix for mayor of New York City.
In 1849, along with his eldest brother William Montgomery Vermilye and George Carpenter, he founded the firm of Carpenter & Vermilye, which became one of the most prominent banking houses in New York City and was known for selling war bonds during the U.S. Civil War.
A member of the New York Stock Exchange and its board of governors, he served as president of the Exchange from 1861 to 1862 during the Civil War.
He was a member of the board of managers of the American Bible Society, the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, and a director of the Lenox Hospital, among other benevolent associations.
He was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx alongside his wife, who had died in St. Augustine, Florida on April 11, 1874.
Woodlawn was near Kingsbridge, where the Vermilye family had an extensive farm and mansion since the early settlement of New York.
In his will, he left significant funds to charities and created trusts for the benefit of his siblings and their children.
His son, who became a special partner in the banking house, inherited his house and grounds in Englewood, and the remainder of his property, valued at $1,000,000, was to be equally divided between his surviving son and daughter.
Schoenus filiculmis is a species of sedge endemic to the western mountains of the Western Cape and Northern Cape Provinces of South Africa.
The leaves are generally less than 0.5 mm in width, whereas the width of the flowering stems is less than 0.8 mm.
She competed at the in the women's individual event at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games and finished 21st with a score of 2216 points.
She is also the Chief of the Sistema de Información de Emergencia Proyect (Emergency Information System in English) which allows people to send emergency messages to the population affected by a natural disaster even when there is no access to an Internet connection or mobile networks.
She designed a mobile phone application which consists on an information system which allows sending and receiving signals through smartphones in order to reach people living in places affected by a catastrophic emergency, providing useful information so that they know where to go.
This app uses a high-frequency algorithm, which encodes the audio information and can be distributed over the radio waves, generating a bridge between the analog and digital world.
One of the reasons for this loss was the non-existent alert to people from the responsible organizations such as ONEMI (National Organization for Emergencies of the Home Office in English).
As a child she was inspired by her father, who worked in the cryptography service of the Chilean Navy and motivated by the continuous tremors that characterize the Andean country, in 2015 the then computer engineering student Barbarita Lara founded the Emergency Information System (SiE) after receiving the invention patent applied for in 2017 by the INAPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
She counted with the financial support of CORFO (Production Development Corporation in English) via the funding line SSAF-I for Engineering 2030, of the 3I: Instituto Internacional para la Innovación (International Institute for Innovation in English) and of the Royal Academy of Engineering to present her mobile application which sends alerts to the citizens in emergency situations and relies neither on Internet nor mobile networks.
In 2019 she received funds from the Impulsa Iniciar foundation in order to fly to Portugal to the WSA ceremony with the finance manager of SIE, María Soledad Quintana, in an attempt to increase the female participation in the event.
Their first store opened in March 2018, a 1,400 sq ft space in a grade II listed building in Cadogan Place, in London's Belgravia.
For several years, the company has supported Smartworks.org, a charity dedicated to donating free, smart workwear for women going back to work after a period of unemployment, with donations and fundrasing activities.
Riding Aphrodite, she finished in 33rd place in the individual event, while the Australian team of Kristy Oatley-Nist, Ricky MacMillan, Mary Hanna and Downs finished 6th in the team event.
The construction of the base started in July 1941, in response to American expectations that they would be shortly entering World War II.
Rosneath Bay was chosen as the area of the base as the Firth of Clyde provided deep water channels that were considered excellent for ship operations and sufficient land at Rosneath estate was provided that was both flat for tanks, combined with a hilly and wooded area that provided excellent protective coverage for buildings.
The changes and trends are based upon the parties' performances relative to the 2014 election and whether the party did better or worse in said municipality than the national average of the party's trend.
If that trend points upwards, the municipality became a more important part of the party's vote share than before, whereas a downward trend indicates the opposite.
Polly McMaster is a British entrepreneur and founder of The Fold, a British women's fashion forward workwear brand that has dressed celebrities such as Pippa Middleton, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, Helen Mirren, and Olivia Coleman.
McMaster took art and fashion, including Art A-level, dress-making courses in the evening at school, and work experience at a couturier, Robinson-Valentine, now Anna Valentine.
The boys' 12.5 km individual biathlon competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 11 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
Douglas was a member of the United States gold medal winning teams at the 2015 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships in Buffalo, New York, United States, and at the 2019 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic.
He was also a member of the United States silver medal winning team at the 2017 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Gangneung, South Korea.
The 2019–20 Northern Colorado Bears men's basketball team represents the University of Northern Colorado during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bears are led by fourth-year head coach Jeff Linder and play their home games at Bank of Colorado Arena in Greeley, Colorado as members of the Big Sky Conference.
The girls' singles competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Lausanne Skating Arena on 11 January (short program) and 13 January 2020 (free skate).
Giants Ridge is a ski area, which hosts a collection of ski and snowboard trails, located along Wynne Lake in the middle of St. Louis County, east of Biwabik, Minnesota in the United States.
In 1959, the main hill was cut consisting of one complete run on the west side of the road was made and a line a rope tow.
After being closed for several years in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the IRRRB purchased the property from the bank, which satisfied an earlier federal Small Business Administration loan.
In 1984, the IRRRB provided an original financial commitment of $6 million to $7 million to create a Nordic training facility and an alpine skiing complex.
There are 2 chalets, including the Burnt Onion Chalet, the South Chalet, there is also a Yurt, restaurant, grill, and a Hotel.
The men's 67.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 21 July at the St. Michel Arena.
He continued in this activity in New York City, before moving to the United Kingdom to study creative writing in 2012.
The facility was commissioned to replace the aging Sedgemoor Priory Hospital and was the first community hospital in Cornwall that did not pre-date the formation of the National Health Service.
The Mount Edgcumbe Hospice was built on the same site, just to the north of the hospital, and was completed in 1980.
In April 2019 the birthing centre at the hospital started providing birthing, postnatal stays and assessment services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Marko Šunjić (Mostar, 15 November 1927 - Sarajevo, 30 March 1998), was Bosnian historian, medievalist, and the member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ANU BiH).
The subject of Marko Šunjić's study is the history of Bosnia and Dalmatia in the Middle Ages, and the general history of the early Middle Ages in Bosnia.
The 2019–20 2nd Division League (known as Hero 2019–20 2nd Division League, for sponsorship reasons) will be the 13th season of the I-League 2nd Division, the second division Indian football league, since its establishment in 2008.
This season, 17 teams will be participating, comprising 1 reserve side from I-League (Punjab) and 8 from Indian Super League (ATK, Jamshedpur, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Chennaiyin, Mumbai City, Goa and Kerala Blasters).
All the teams will divided in 3 groups of 6 teams in A and C, and 5 teams in group B.
The teams those will make their debut this season are FC Bengaluru United, Rajasthan FC, Punjab FC (reserves), Hyderabad FC (reserves) and Mumbai City FC (reserves).
Indian Arrows reserves were supposed to debut this season, but later withdrew, since it comprise of U-16 and U-18 players, and have their board examinations.
The team that finishes top of the table in the Final Round will be crowned champions, and 3clubs promotion next season 2020-21 14 Club play I league.
On 9 January 2020, a large group of ISWAP militants assaulted a Nigerien military base at Chinagodrar in Niger's Tillabéri Region.
They attacked an army post in Chinagodrar, in the west of the country, in Tillabéri Region, eight miles from the border with Mali, 130 miles north of Niamey.
At least 89 Nigerien soldiers were confirmed to have been killed in the attack with more casualties suspected, but yet to be confirmed.
Nigerien President Mahamadou Issoufou fired General Ahmed Mohamed, the chief of the Nigerien Army, and replaced him with Major General Salifou Modi.
Silver Max (foaled March 8th, 2009 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2013 Shadwell Turf Mile Stakes.
He picked up a win at the Oliver Stakes on June 13th, then capped off the streak with a win at the 2012 Commonwealth Derby on July 21st.
Then on October 5th, 2013, he won the biggest race of his career when he captured his first Grade-1 win - the [[Shadwell Turf Mile Stakes]].
His only win was at the June 28th, 2014 [[Wise Dan Stakes | Firecracker Stakes]].He failed to place on the podium in his last three races and finished his career off with a 6th place finish at the November 8th, 2014 [[River City Handicap]].
Frank Dechant Wagner (22 Aug 1893 – Jan 1966), was a Naval aviator and decorated commander during World War II who reached the rank of Vice Admiral in the United States Navy.
He graduated from Pottstown Senior High School in 1911, and received his appointment to the United States Naval Academy on 7 July of that year from the state of Pennsylvania.
Shortly after starting at the Naval Academy, in 1912, Wagner lost his sister to Tuberculosis and his father a short time later; Wagner had no immediate family.
In 1916 ENS Wagner was assigned to the USS Nebraska (BB-14).The following year, ENS Wagner was assigned to the USS Des Moines (CL-17).On 15 October 1917, Wagner received a temporary increase in rank to Lieutenant.In June the following year, LT Wagner received the permanent rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade while will maintaining his temporary rank of Lieutenant.
On 1 July 1920, LT Wagner received his permanent rank of Lieutenant and was listed as being assigned to the USS McKean (DD-90).
At some point, Wagner claims to have taken command of the USS McKean, but is not listed as being in command in the Naval Register.
July 1921, LT Wagner finished his assignment aboard the USS McKean, likely then attended Naval Aviator instruction and then received orders to Air Squadrons, Pacific Fleet on 21 December 1921.
On 19 January 1926, Wagner was promoted to Lieutenant Commander,and the following July, LCDR Wagner received orders to the staff of the Commander of Aircraft squadrons, Battle Fleet.
In June 1932, LCDR Wagner received orders to the USS Langley (CV-1) as a member of the Staff of the U.S. Fleet.
On 1 January 1936, Wagner was promoted to Commander and the following June, CDR Wagner received orders to Naval Station Norfolk.
He was killed in an automobile accident in Foley, and was laid to rest at Edgewood Cemetery, Pottstown, Pennsylvania, his childhood home.
Dr. Carol Rosin (born March 29, 1944) is the Founder of the Institute for Security and Cooperation in Outer Space, and also works as a speaker, author, educator, child psychologist, futurist, and military strategist.
Inc. and the I.D.E.A Foundation, as well as a world peace ambassador for the International Association of Educators for World Peace.
Born in Wilmington, Delaware in 1944 and a graduate of the University of Delaware, Rosin was the first woman to work as an Aerospace executive at Fairchild Industries and is a leader and the original political architect in the movement to stop Anti-satellite weapons and the Strategic Defense Initiative.
Rosin helped create medical and educational training programs with ATS-6 satellites in the United States, including the first two-way audio and visual national and international satellite educational programs in over 20 countries.
He was a member of the United States silver medal winning team at the 2017 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Gangneung, South Korea.
Daniel Djakiew (born 1956 in Newcastle, Australia) is a scholar, researcher, teacher, and tenured full professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
At University of Newcastle (1978-1983), he conducted research on the evolution of the male reproductive tract as revealed by monotreme mammals.
These studies showed that periurethral glands in the male monotreme represent a rudimentary disseminate prostate (prostate evolution in monotreme mammals), and that the monotreme epididymis has many similarities to that of reptiles compared with scrotal mammals (epididymis evolution from reptiles to mammals).
After moving to Georgetown University (1983–present) he collaborated with Johns Hopkins University to demonstrate the physiological role of enhanced oxygen availability in the sperm storage region of the epididymis at cooler scrotal temperatures as a prime mover in the evolution of descended testes in mammals.
He was an early adopter of tissue culture technology as subsequently applied to dual chamber culture systems (1985-1991) to investigate polarized secretion in Sertoli cells and prostate cells, especially as they were used to examine paracrine factors in cell-to-cell interactions.
Studies of prostate cancer (1990-2010) examined the expression of the neurotrophins and their receptors (Trk family and p75NTR) in epithelial cells.
These studies revealed the role of the p75NTR as a tumor suppressor in prostate epithelial cells and that loss of p75NTR mRNA stability in tumor cells contributes to malignant transformation of normal cells to a cancer phenotype.
Moreover, treatment of tumor cells with selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was shown to induce re-expression of p75NTR in tumor cells and induce apoptotic cell death.
Djakiew received the young investigator of the year award from the Society for the Study of Fertility (Walpole Lecturer) at Oxford University in 1991.
Teaching activities (1985–present) at Georgetown University include course director of cell biology/histology across multiple modules for 1st and 2nd year medical students as well as specific lectures therein.
Djakiew is also course director and lecturer of cell biology/histology held at the Prince William Campus of George Mason University for the GeorgeSquared program, a collaborative course of post-graduate studies between Georgetown University and George Mason University.
Djakiew was elected to the university wide faculty senate, and has been appointed to serve on a number of departmental, medical school, and university wide committees.
The African green toad is found from coastal areas to highland plateaus in forests, scrubland, grassland, semi-deserts and deserts; it breeds in temporary ponds and similar habitats.
The range of the African and Balearic green toads approach each other in easternmost Sicily; only the latter species has coloured spots on the paratoid glands and some reddish-orange markings.
Riding Relampago do Retiro, she finished in 19th place in the individual event, while the Australian team of Kristy Oatley, Heath Ryan and Beresford finished 7th in the team event.
The book combined evidence for landscape management and mobility, aspects of community, power and personal biography, approached through the study of material culture including Iron Age mirrors, swords, shields and jewellery.
The book was described as 'a model of how big questions can be addressed by close attention to the archaeological data'.
More recent work has addressed disease and violence in Iron Age Britain, and their relationship with funerary behaviour and mortuary treatment.
She has also undertaken the study of material culture, including the aesthetics of martial objects, and the symbolic aspects of ironworking technology.
Giles has also undertaken research on industrial archaeology, including horse lads in East Yorkshire, and the Whitworth Park Community Archaeology and History Project.
The men's 75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 22 July at the St. Michel Arena.
Formerly a judge of the Appeal Court, she was nominated Supreme Court Judge in November 2019 and vetted on 10 December 2019.
She had her secondary education at Wesley Girls' High School for her ordinary level certificate and Achimota School for her advanced level certificate.
Prior to joining Fugar & Co., a law firm in Accra as a pupil associate, Torkornoo worked as a volunteer at the FIDA Legal Aid Service and had her internship at Nabarro Nathanson in London.
In January 1997, she became a Managing Partner at Sozo Law Consult until May 2004 when she was appointed a Justice at the High Court of Ghana.
She had been a justice of the Court of Appeal until her nomination for the role of Supreme Court Judge in November 2019.
Prior to her appointment as Supreme Court justice, Torkornoo has held a number of leadership positions, some of which include; Supervising Judge of Commercial Courts, Chair of the Editorial Committee of Association of Magistrates and Judges, Chief Editor for the development of Judicial Ethics Training Manual, Vice-Chair of the E-Justice Steering/Oversight Committee and Vice-Chair of the Internship and Clerkship Programme for the Judiciary.
She is also a Faculty Member of the Judicial Training Institute and a member of the Governing Board of the Judicial Training Institute.
In 1933, Komamura Brothers was founded in Kyoto; the first camera produced was the PC-101, an inspection camera for the National Police Agency produced in 1948.
In 1992, Komamura signed the first of several licensing agreements to be the exclusive distributor for foreign photographic and video products in Japan, including Rodenstock and Schneider Kreuznach lenses, Gossen light meters, and Anton Bauer batteries.
Komamura transferred the Horseman Professional photographic business assets to Kenko Professional Imaging in 2012; Kenko continues to market the cameras and photographic accessories developed by Komamura under the Horseman brand.
The Private Higher School of Engineering and Technology () or ESPRIT, is a private engineering school in Tunisia based in Ariana and accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (approval N°2003-03).
Macrothelypteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Phegopteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Dr. Anwar Hussain (Kunchacko Boban), a wannabe consulting criminologist in Kochi City Police begins to investigate a series of murders in Kochi, targeting Police officers.
On 24 June 2019, it was reported that Kunchacko Boban would star in Midhun Manuel Thomas’ next directorial and filming was said to begin by late July.
Sharaf U Dheen, Unnimaya Prasad, Sreenath Bhasi, Jinu Joseph, Jaffar Idukki and Assim Jamal were also confirmed in the cast, and Sushin Shyam and Shyju Khalid will be the composer and cinematographer, respectively.
In the opening weekend (17 – 19 January), it grossed $48,487 (₹34.48 lakh) from 30 screens in the United States and $6,081 (₹4.33 lakh) from 2 screens in Canada.
in Linguistics and Philosophy from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, as well as an A.M. and PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
She represented Brazil at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's long jump T11 event.
Her brother Ricardo Costa de Oliveira also won a medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics: the gold medal in the men's long jump T11 event.
In archaeogenetics, the term Western Steppe Herders (WSH), or Steppe Pastoralists, is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from the Yamnaya culture of the Pontic-Caspian steppe.
The Y-DNA of the WSHs was mostly types of R1a and R1b, which are EHG lineages, suggesting that CHG admixture among the WSHs came through EHG males mixing with CHG females.
Around 3,000 BC, people of the Yamnaya culture, who belonged to the WSH cluster, embarked on a massive expansion throughout Eurasia, which might have resulted in the dispersal of Indo-European languages.
This expansion led to the rise of the Corded Ware culture, whose members were of about 75% WSH ancestry, and the virtual disappearance of the Y-DNA of Early European Farmers (EEFs) from the European gene pool, significantly altering the cultural and genetic landscape of Europe.
During the Bronze Age, Corded Ware people with admixture from Central Europe remigrated onto the steppe, forming a type of WSH ancestry often referred to as Steppe Middle and Late Bronze Age (Steppe MLBA) ancestry.
Through the Sintashta culture, Andronovo culture and Srubnaya culture, Steppe MLBA was carried into Central Asia and South Asia along with Indo-Iranian languages, leaving a long-lasting cultural and genetic legacy.
The study found that people of the Corded Ware culture were of approximately 75% WSH ancestry, being descended from Yamnaya people who had mixed with Middle Neolithic Europeans.
At this time, Y-DNA haplogroups common among Early European Farmers (EEFs), such as G2a, disappear almost entirely in Central Europe, and is replaced by haplotypes of R1b and R1a, which are common among WSH.
EEF mtDNA decreases significantly as well, and is replaced by WSH types, suggesting that the Yamnaya expansion was carried out by both males and females.
In the aftermath of the Yamnaya expansion there appears to have been a resurgence of EEF and Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG) ancestry in Central Europe, as this is detected in samples from the Bell Beaker culture and its successor the Unetice culture.
Of modern populations surveyed in the study, Norwegians were found to have the largest amount of WSH ancestry, which among them exceeded 50%.
People of the Corded Ware culture, the Bell Beaker culture, the Unetice culture and the Nordic Bronze Age displayed close genetic affinity to WSH.
The authors of the study suggested that the Sintashta culture of Central Asia emerged as a result of an eastward migration from Central Europe of Corded Ware people with both WSH and European Neolithic farmer ancestry.
Here WSH ancestry peaked at 50% among the Kalash people, which is a level similar to modern populations of Northern Europe.
WSH ancestry was found to have been carried into the British Isles by the Bell Beaker culture in the 3rd millennium BC.
Y-DNA in parts of the modern British Isles belongs almost entirely to R-M269, a WSH lineage, which is thought to have been brought to the isles with Bell Beakers.
These individuals had only 7% WSH ancestry, suggesting that pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern Steppe through cultural transmission rather than genetic displacement.
The study found that WSH ancestry found among Late Bronze Age populations of the south Siberia such as the Karasuk culture was transmitted through the Andronovo culture rather than the earlier Afanasievo culture, whose genetic legacy in the region by this time was virtually non-existent.
It found that most of the EEF ancestry found among the Yamnaya culture was derived from the Globular Amphora culture and the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture of Eastern Europe.
Given the high amount of EEF ancestry in the Maikop culture, this makes it impossible for the Maikop culture to have been a major source of CHG ancestry among the WSHs.
The earliest evidence of WSH ancestry here was found from an individual living in Iberia in 2,200 BC in close proximity with native populations.
By 2,000 BC, the native Y-DNA of Iberia (H, G2 and I2) had been almost entirely replaced with single WSH lineage, R-M269.
mtDNA in Iberia at this time was however still mostly of native origin, affirming that the entry of WSH ancestry in Iberia was primarily male-driven.
The study found people of the Corded Ware, Srubnaya, Sintashta and Andronovo cultures to be a closely related group almost wholly of WSH ancestry, but with slight European Middle Neolithic admixture.
These results further underpinned the notion that the Sintashta culture emerged as an eastward migration of Corded Ware peoples with mostly WSH ancestry back into the steppe.
Among early WSHs, R1b is the most common Y-DNA lineage, while R1a (particularly R1a1a1b2) is common among later groups of Central Asia, such as Andronovo and Srubnaya.
It was found that there was a significant infusion of WSH ancestry into Central Asia and South Asia during the Bronze Age.
WSH ancestry was found have been almost completely absent from earlier samples in southern Central Asia in the 3rd millennium BC.
During the expansion of WSHs from Central Asia towards South Asia in the Bronze Age, an increase in South Asian agriculturalist ancestry among WSHs was noticed.
In February 2019, an analysis by David W. Anthony of the recent genetic data on WSHs was published in the Journal of Indo-European Studies.
Anthony notes that WSHs display genetic continuity between the paternal lineages of the Dnieper-Donets culture and the Yamnaya culture, as the males of both cultures have been found to have been mostly carriers of R1b, and to a lesser extent I2.
While the mtDNA of the Dnieper-Donets people is exclusively types of U, which is associated with EHGs and WHGs, the mtDNA of the Yamnaya also includes types frequent among CHGs and EEFs.
Anthony notes that WSH had earlier been found among the Sredny Stog culture and the Khvalynsk culture, who preceded the Yamnaya culture on the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Because the slight EEF ancestry of the WSHs has been found to be derived from Central Europe, and because there is no CHG Y-DNA detected among the Yamnaya, Anthony notes that it is impossible for the Maikop culture to have contributed much to the culture or CHG ancestry of the WSHs.
Anthony suggests that admixture between EHGs and CHGs occurred on the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe around 5,000 BC, while admixture with EEFs happened in the southern parts of the Pontic-Caspian steppe sometime later.
On this basis, Anthony concludes that the Indo-European languages whom the WSHs brought with them were originally spoken by the EHGs of Eastern Europe.
As Yamnaya Y-DNA is exclusively of the EHG and WHG type, Anthony notes that the admixture must have occurred between EHG and WHG males, and CHG and EEF females.
This has been confirmed by genetic studies of WSHs, who are found to have been much taller than Neolithic populations of Central Europe.
It has been suggested that the increased height of modern populations of Northern Europe as compared to those of Southern Europe can be ascribed to increased WSH ancestry among Northern Europeans.
The 2019–20 Montana State Bobcats men's basketball team represents Montana State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bobcats, led by first-year head coach Danny Sprinkle, play their home games at Brick Breeden Fieldhouse in Bozeman, Montana as members of the Big Sky Conference.
The Bobcats finished the 2018–19 season finished the season 15–17, 11–9 in Big Sky play to finish in a three-way tie for fourth place.
Cow Myers is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located in the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), near Ripon, North Yorkshire, England.
The site was designated in 1984 for its fen and alder carr habitat, which supports a diversity of wetland plant life.
This 17th century listed building is not within the SSSI boundary, but may have been historically associated with its land, being the nearest surviving dwelling to the north entrance.
The inside of the building is no longer divided into rooms, and the house and its grounds are not accessible to the public.
Its level and marshy land surrounds Kex Beck, where it flows between Ellington Banks and the hamlet of Cow Myers, north west of Ripon, North Yorkshire.
It is part of the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), and it is also a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC).
Cow Myers was notified as an SSSI on 26 January 1984, for its variety of natural wetland habitats, and the diversity of plant species supported there.
In the flush and spring fen, the underground aquifers which waterlog this site contain particular minerals, and it is the combination of the minerals and water levels which affects the diversity of plantlife here.
Thus the aquifers must be protected from agricultural and commercial water abstraction, and from industrial contamination such as pollution and fertiliser.
Light grazing by cattle is recommended to keep the springs clear, and light, seasonal trampling of the fen by cattle is considered an advantage.
It might sometimes be necessary to clear vegetation, or even coppice some trees, to maintain areas of light in the carr.
Cow Myers is located in the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and sometimes the organisation's volunteers are brought in to assist with maintenance.
Some parts of Area Two were in favourable condition with diverse flora including bird's eye primrose, however the fen areas needed more horse and cattle grazing to prevent scrub from encroaching.
In 2004, Cow Myers was considered for the Ripon Flood Defence Scheme, by the Agriculture and Wetlands Technical Group, as a flood management area.
In 2014 it was noted by the Environment Agency that chemicals from slug pellets, possibly originating in agriculture further upstream, were contaminating the water at Cow Myers.
In an undated document from North Yorkshire County Council's Minerals and Waste Plan, the effect on neighbouring SSSIs including Cow Myers was considered.
Other SSSIs near Harrogate are as follows: Bishop Monkton Ings, Farnham Mires, Hack Fall Wood, Hay-a-Park, Mar Field Fen, Quarry Moor, and Ripon Parks.
Given how important cattle were to Irish agriculture are the time, fear of cows being bewitched was a common one, with a common malevolent spell believed to make it impossible to churn butter with their milk.
On a Tuesday evening in early August 1807, Butters was brought to Carnmoney, near Carrickfergus to tend to such a bewitched cow.
Elizabeth Montgomery, wife of Alexander Montgomery, a tailor, believed that one of the women in Carrick Town had bewitched her cow.
She sent Alexander and a young man called Carnaghan out to the cow-house at 10pm, told then to turn their waistcoats inside out, and stand at the head of the cow until she called them.
Here she undertook some traditional cures, such as putting pins, crooked nails, and needles in a pot of sweet milk on the fire.
Lee died within a few minutes of discovery, but Butters recovered having been thrown on a heap of manure and Alexander repeatedly kicking her.
Some other reports say that she was revived when a mob brought her to the edge of a quarry and threatened to throw her in unless she brought all three people back to life.
It is said that she placated the mob by saying she would have to return to the house to perform the rite to revive the dead.
He presented detailed evidence against Butters, which resulted in the jury finding that the deaths were as a result of suffocation from the sulphurous concoction Butters was cooking to sure the ailing cow.
In 1808, Butters was brought before the spring assizes, but all of the charges were dismissed by proclamation that the deaths were as a result of an unfortunate accident.
There is no gravestone or marker with her name, and no birth, marriage, and death announcements appear in the Belfast News-Letter from 1800 to 1860.
The lake is man made and it serves as part of a stormwater management system that protects downtown Frederick Maryland from flooding.
Menlo Micro (formally Menlo Microsystems Inc.) is an Irvine, California-based technology company that uses advances in material science to develop Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches.
The company had been part of GE's Global Research Center, based on MEMS switching technology GE engineers had been developing for more than a decade.
As part of the spinoff, the company announced a Series A round of $18.7M, with participants including Microsemi, Corning Inc., Paladin Capital Group, and GE Ventures.
In November 2018, the company announced its MEMS technology had transitioned from a research environment to capable of being produced at a Semiconductor fabrication plant (fab).
The switches are made from custom metal alloys plated onto glass wafers with through-glass via (TGVs), technology developed in conjunction with partner Corning.
The technology is an alternative to traditional mechanical relays, which tend to be larger, slower and more prone to failure from metal fatigue.
Their low loss and low resistance makes them useful for handling the high power required for RF tuning of 5G networks.
The switches' ability to remotely control circuit breakers without drawing a lot of power makes them also suitable for home automation and industrial Internet of things (IoT) applications.
Kim Christy (born 1950) was a female impersonator of the 1960s and 1970s, magazine editor and publisher, book author, screenwriter, adult film producer, and first genderfluid person to be inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame.
Christy and Chrysis came to share a small apartment on Mott Street, near Broome Street and Houston, in what later became known as SoHo in New York.
The tower is often mistaken for a minaret, but is architecturally distinguished from a minaret in part by the lack of a lantern structure (a kind of mini-tower) at its top (though the nearby minaret of the Qarawiyyin Mosque also lacks this).
The structure here consists of a house with two floors arranged around a central courtyard, with the tower rising on the house's southern side.
This tower was meant to assist in determining the accurate beginning of the months (including Ramadan) in the Islamic lunar calendar, something for which astronomical observation was crucial.
The men's 82.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 24 July at the St. Michel Arena.
In the Americas Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1993.
He represented Brazil at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's discus throw F11 event.
Llwynmawr is a village in the Ceiriog Valley in North Wales, about halfway between the villages of Glyn Ceiriog and Pontfadog, in the community of Glyntraian.
The City of Flint Municipal Center is a complex of seven government office buildings located at 1101 Saginaw Street, 210 East Fifth Street, 310 East Fifth Street in Flint, Michigan.
By the late 1940s, the then-current Flint City hall was 40 years old and in dire need of maintenance, as well as being too small for the number of employees working for the city.
In November 1953, Flint residents voted on a ballot measure to fund construction of a municipal center to alleviate the issue, and approved the issuance of a $5 million bond.
In 1955, the selected site was cleared, and in 1956 the city selected the Detroit firm of H. E. Beyster & Associates to design the project and the Flint-based Sorenson-Gross Construction Company to construct it.
Ground was soon broken, and by 1957 the first buildings, the Public Health Building and associated Public Health Auditorium, were open for use.
In 1958, Flint voters approved another bond issue to complete the Fire Department Headquarters This was designed by the Flint firm of A. Charles Jones and Associates, and was opened in 1960.
The City of Flint Municipal Center contains seven International Style buildings that were constructed between 1957 and about 1959, positioned around the outer edges of a rectangular park.
Lepajõe was born on 28 October 1962 to the scientists (an expert in cereal production) and (an expert in chicken and egg production).
Lepajõe's research interests included the influence of neo-Platonic philosophy and patristic theology on later Christian thought, as well as theology in Estonian intellectual culture in the seventeenth century.
Her research publications included articles on: demonology in Plotinus, Reiner Brockmann - the first poet writing in Estonian, the Estonian syrologist Arthur Võõbus, as well as including many other areas.
She was also a prolific translator, working on texts from ancient, medieval and modern authors, including: Plato, Plotinos, Gregory of Tours, Innocent III, Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Bernard of Clairvaux, Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, Descartes, Martin Luther, Johannes Risingh, Heinrich von Kleist, Otto Wilhelm Masing.
The 2020 African U-17 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament is the 7th edition of the African U-17 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-17 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.
If the aggregate score is tied after the second leg, the away goals rule is applied, and if still tied, the penalty shoot-out (no extra time) is used to determine the winner.
She also had a memorable run at the 2018 ITTF World Tour Grand Finals, where she knocked out three higher-seeded players before losing to Chen Meng in the final.
The awards are arranged by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS), and will be held at the Aria Convention Center in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 13, 2020.
Connie Booth, Vice-President for Product Development at Sony Interactive Entertainment, will be inducted into the Hall of Fame at the event.
Edmount Island, also called Ballinger Island, is a island in Lake Ballinger, in the Seattle suburbs of south Snohomish County, in the U.S. state of Washington.
A home was constructed on the island the early 1900s, in which lived settlers Ira Bartholemew and Julia Bartholomew, who may have built it as a hunting lodge, then Seattle mayor Richard A. Ballinger and Julia Ballinger during the summers, and Richard Achilles' father Col. Richard Henry Ballinger, a U.S. Civil War veteran.
The island is made of peat, which was completely engulfed in a runaway barbecue fire during a summer heat wave in 2009.
Since the fire, the island has been closed to public access, with emergency access provided by the local fire department's rigid inflatable boat.
It is located between Oak Hill and South Webster near the intersection of Ohio State Route 140 and Blackfork-Firebrick Road, at .
It then became a Rural Branch of the Oak Hill Post Office on September 1, 1959, and was discontinued entirely between 1973 and 1974.
Her mother, Ruby Alma Barks Wilkening, was a teacher; her father, Marvin H. WIlkening, was an atomic scientist during World War II, and a physics professor at the New Mexico Institute of MIning and Technology.
She was vice-chair of the National Commission on Space, chair of the Space Policy Advisory Board, and vice-chair of the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Programs.
Wilkening taught chemistry and planetary science at the University of Arizona beginning in 1973, and from 1981 was head of the Planetary Science department and director of the university's Lunar & Planetary Laboratory.
While she was at Arizona, she helped to found the Women's Studies program, and made a statistical report on pay equity on the campus.
In 1993, she became the third chancellor of the University of California, Irvine; she was also the third woman to hold the position of chancellor in the University of California system.
Wilkening retired from academic work in 1998, and ran a vineyard in Elgin, Arizona with her husband in her later years.
Phoenix Business Journal also recognized Risas Dental as the Best Place to Work in 2014 followed by the same recognition by Denver Business Journal in 2015.
Phoenix Chamber of Commerce conferred Risas Dental with the Impact Award for Entrepreneurial Excellence for their service to the community in 2014.
It is a Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish feminine given name that is a feminine form of Kalle, short form of Karolina and an alternate form of Karla.
Harriet Holroyd, Countess of Sheffield (19 June 1802 – 1 January 1889), formerly Lady Harriet Lascelles, was the wife of George Holroyd, 2nd Earl of Sheffield, and a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Adelaide, the consort of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
She was the sixth child and eldest daughter of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood, and she married the Earl of Sheffield on 6 June 1825.
She is buried in the Sheffield family mausoleum at the Church of St. Andrew and St. Mary the Virgin, Fletching, East Sussex.
Fortunato completed a 5-year Laurea in biological sciences from the University of Padova in 2003, followed by graduate degrees (MRes and PhD) in anthropology from University College London (2004 and 2009).
Other areas of work include open research, especially the provision of training of related practices, and effective computing for research reproducibility utilizing free and open source software.
Directed by Alex Ceaușu, the clip features Anda Adam and couple of her friends in stewardess and pilot costumes flying in a plane.
The video for the song represents Anda dressed in a pilot costume flying in a plane with a couple of her friends, dressed as stewardess.
The music video shows various people from different countries dancing to the song, including Cuba, Mexico, Brazil, Egypt and many others from all the continents.
She was nominated Supreme Court Judge in November 2019 and vetted on 9 December 2019.. She was sworn in on 17 December 2019.
She had her secondary education at Wesley Girls' High School for her ordinary level certificate and Aburi Girls' Senior High School for her advanced level certificate.
Lovelace-Johnson worked as an Assistant State Attorney at the Attorney-General’s Department in Accra and the Attorney General's Department in Koforidua after her National Service from 1988 to 1989.
She served as a District Magistrate in June 1994 until she was appointed Justice of the High Court at the Accra and the Tema High courts in June 2002.
She served on the bench as a High Court judge until 2012 when she became a Justice of the Court of Appeal.
She was assigned by the Commonwealth Secretariat in London to The Gambia as a Justice of the High Court also acting as an additional Justice of the Court of Appeal from December 2005 to 2009.
She had been a justice of the Court of Appeal until her nomination for the role of Supreme Court Judge in November 2019.
Lovelace-Johnson has held a number of leadership positions, including serving as Director of the Public Complaints and Courts Inspectorate Unit of the Judicial Service of Ghana and serving as the Vice-President of the Association of Magistrates and Judges of Ghana.
The 10,000 metres event took place at the Zatopek 10K on 9 December 2010 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, the decathlon and heptathlon were held in Perth on 31 March and 1 April 2011, the men's 5000 metres took place at the Melbourne Track Classic on 3 March 2011 and the women's 5000 metres was held as part of the Victorian Championships on 5 March 2011.
Abu Abdallah al-Baridi () was the most prominent of the Baridis, an Iraqi family of tax officials who used the enormous wealth gained from tax farming to vie for control of the rump Abbasid Caliphate in the 930s and 940s.
Ultimately, the constant warfare against multiple enemies exhausted the family's resources, and by 943 Abu Abdallah resorted to assassinating his youngest brother to shore up his wealth.
Abu Abdallah died in June 944, and was succeeded as governor of Basra by his son Abu'l-Qasim, who ruled the city until the Buyids conquered it in 947.
The family first appears in 927/8, when all three brothers had posts as tax-farmers in the province of Khuzistan, whose capital was Ahwaz.
They had already at that time acquired a bad reputation, and were frequently dismissed and even imprisoned as power in Baghdad changed hands.
It was Abu Abdallah who, against a bribe of 20,000 dirhams to Ibn Muqla, secured the tax-farming contract for Khuzistan, and further lucrative posts for his brothers.
When Ibn Muqla fell from power in 930, the brothers, now very wealthy, were arrested and had to pay a hefty fine in exchange for their liberty.
Abu Abdallah rose to wider prominence in 932, when he offered to finance the expedition sent by Caliph al-Qahir () to subdue the fugitive supporters of his slain predecessor, al-Muqtadir.
For this, the revenue of the entire province of Khuzistan was placed under his control, and through ruthless oppression of the local population, he managed to extract a considerable fortune.
In late 933 or early 934, shortly before his downfall, Caliph al-Qahir gave him a tax farming contract for the province of Wasit, to the sum of 13 million dirhams.
With the deposition of al-Qahir and the accession of al-Radi (), Ibn Muqla also returned to the vizierate, and the Baridis were restored to their positions in Khuzistan.
At Ahwaz, Abu Abdallah managed to become the secretary of the chamberlain Yaqut, whose army had retreated to the city after being defeated by the Buyid warlord Ali ibn Buya and driven from Fars.
Despite being warned of his intentions, Yaqut refused to believe them until it was too late; marching to confront his colleague, he was ambushed and killed by Abu Abdallah's now much larger army.
He amassed a huge fortune by deferring to send tax revenues to Baghdad, where his brother Abu Yusuf Ya'qub looked after their interests, and established independent contacts with the Buyids of Fars.
Ibn Ra'iq was defeated and forced to leave Basra as well to the Baridis, but his general Bajkam reversed the situation by scoring two major victories, despite being outnumbered, that allowed him to take possession of Khuzistan.
This resulted in Abu Abdallah resuming his contacts with Ali ibn Buya, who in late 937 sent his younger brother Ahmad to assist the Baridis against Bajkam.
Ibn Ra'iq opened up contacts with Abu Abdallah, in exchange for a renewal of the tax-farming contract and the governorship of Khuzistan.
In exchange for his support, Abu Abdallah was confirmed as governor of Basra and Wasit, and was given the post of vizier, which he may have also briefly been awarded during his short-lived accommodation with Ibn Ra'iq.
Abu Abdallah did not visit Basra to take up his appointment, now an empty and purely honirific title, but remained ensconced in Wasit The deal was further secured by a marriage between Bajkam and Abu Abdallah's daughter, Sarah.
Although no side really trusted the other, this allowed a fragile calm to survive for about a year between Basra and Baghdad.
Bajkam engaged in a campaign against the Buyids in the mountains of Jibal, which was beaten back by the third Buyid brother, Hasan.
According to the medieval sources, this was actually part of Abu Abdallah's plan: he attacked some Buyid forts near Susa, provoking Ali ibn Buya to retaliate by attacking Wasit.
It was then that Abu Abdallah suggested extending the campaign into Jibal, while he would launch a concurrent offensive from the south; in reality, he would use Bajkam's absence to capture Baghdad.
In late August 940, Bajkam removed al-Baridi from the vizierate and launched an attack on Wasit, which the Baridis abandoned without resistance.
In December 940, Caliph al-Radi died, and Bajkam was forced to divert his attention from the Baridis to arrange the succession of al-Muttaqi ().
On his way to join his army, however, he was informed that his generals had achieved a major victory over the Baridis, and decided to return to Wasit.
Bajkam's death utterly transformed the situation for Abu Abdallah: where before he and his brothers had been contemplating abandoning Basra, now they were suddenly left as one of the two main contenders for power in Iraq alongside the caliph.
The Baridis were further strengthened when Bajkam's Daylamites, some 1,500 in number, defected to them after clashing with the Turks, who in turn placed themselves in the caliph's service.
Al-Muttaqi secured not only the Turks, but also Bajkam's enormous treasure; but the Baridis with their army, some 7,000 strong, moved to Wasit, from where he demanded money from the caliph to pay his men; if no money was forthcoming, he would continue his advance on Baghdad.
The capital was thrown into panic at these news, and al-Muttaqi mobilized the Turks to halt the Baridi advance at the Diyala canal.
In the end, it was the caliph's indecisiveness that was his undoing: when he agreed to give some money to the Baridis, it only emboldened them, and led the Turks to also demand money in return for service.
He immediately assumed the vizierate, with al-Muttaqi's appointee, Ahmad ibn Maymun resigning on 4 June, after only 33 days in office.
To be safe, Abu Abdallah had Ahmad ibn Maymun arrested four days later, and later sent him to Wasit as inspector.
The fears of the populace, arising from the Baridis' dreadful reputation, proved unfounded, but Abu Abdallah's stay in the capital was to prove short, due to his own avarice.
As a device to extract even greater sums from the caliph, whom he did not visit even once, the Baridis had the soldiers clamour for money and threaten mutiny.
But when the caliph indeed handed over half a million gold dinars, the soldiers started demanding that money from the Baridis.
The uprising spread as the populace of East Baghdad also became involved against the Baridis, and Abu Abdallah, who was encamped on the western side cut the bridge over the Tigris.
The Baridis fled to Basra, but on 28 November Ibn Ra'iq was faced with a mutiny of his troops under Tuzun and Nushtakin, who defected to Abu Abdallah.
As a result, following the mediation of Ibn Ra'iq's secretary, Abu Abdallah Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kufi, Abu Abdallah agreed to a resumption of the tax farming contract, for 170,000 dinars in the current year, and 600,000 dinars for subsequent years.
He sent Abu Ja'far ibn Shirzad as his deputy to the capital, although the administration continued to be headed by Ibn Ra'iq's secretary, al-Kufi.
When Abu Abdallah announced his intention of coming to Baghdad in person, Ibn Ra'iq removed him from office and replaced him with Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Qarariti.
A battle was fought near the Diyala on land and on the river on 7 March 942, although the clashes on the water lasted until 12 March.
Ibn Ra'iq's troops were supported by the populace of Baghdad, but the Baridis prevailed, and entered the capital on 11 March.
While the Baridis' Daylamite troops plundered the caliphal palaces, Ibn Ra'iq and his army, along with the caliph and his son, abandoned the city for Mosul, to place themselves under the protection of the local rulers, the Hamdanids.
Lawlessness was rife, as the various ethnic contingents of the Baridi army clashed with one another, and the mansions of the wealthy were looted.
It is reported that 10,000 men lost their lives to famine, disease, or violence in the 110 days that his rule lasted.
When this was betrayed, they fled north for Mosul, where Caliph al-Muttaqi was now ensconced under the protection (and control) of the Hamdanids.
After gathering the family's forces, Abu'l-Husayn led the Baridi army against the capital, while the Hamdanid forces set out to confront them under the command of Nasir al-Dawla's brother, Ali Sayf al-Dawla.
On the other hand, so depleted and exhausted were the Hamdanids that they were unable to pursue, allowing the Baridis to retreat to Basra unmolested.
The Hamdanid advance stalled quickly as Sayf al-Dawla ran out of funds, and as the Turkish commanders became increasingly insubordinate, on 7 May 943 Sayf al-Dawla abandoned the army and fled secretly to Baghdad.
In the meantime, in late 942 the Buyid Ali ibn Buya attacked Basra, on the pretense that the caliph had written to him for this purpose.
Barely three days later, Abu Abdallah exploited Tuzun's absence and took back Wasit, but soon he had to withdraw in the face of a new and unexpected threat: in August 943, Yusuf ibn Wajih, the ruler of Oman, sailed up the Shatt al-Arab, captured the city of al-Ubulla, and laid siege to Basra.
The Baridis were saved when an enterprising sailor managed to set fire to the Omani fleet, forcing Ibn Wajih to depart.
Tuzun now pursued a peace with the Baridis of Basra, sealed with a marriage alliance with a daughter of Abu Abdallah.
The Welsh Camerata (in Welsh Y Camerata Cymreig) is a chamber choir of 25-30 singers based in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, specialising in the performance of early music.
It was founded in 2004 when early music expert Andrew Wilson-Dickson from the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama agreed to lead the choir.
The choir has performed with individuals and orchestral groups such as Buddug Verona James, Devon Baroque Orchestra, Welsh Baroque Orchestra, and Brandon Hill Chamber Orchestra.
The 2020 French F4 Championship is the tenth season to run under the guise of the French F4 Championship and the third under the FIA Formula 4 regulations.
For 2020, the series will use a new 1.3-liter turbocharged engine produced by Renault Sport, replacing the previously used 2.0-litre naturally aspirated engine.
Calla is a Swedish feminine given name and surname given name that is a short form of Carolina and an alternate form of Kalla.
She has been the recipient of several awards including the Todd New Writer’s Bursary in 2010 and the University of Otago College of Education / Creative New Zealand Children's Writer in Residence Fellowship in 2020.
Phillip Jules Graham (born 11 September 2000) is a Virgin Islander footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Panthers FC and the British Virgin Islands national football team.
Graham made his senior international debut on 14 November 2019, playing the entirety of a 3-0 defeat to the Bahamas during CONCACAF Nations League play.
Laurence Allen Abercrombie (11 Oct 1897 – 3 May 1973), was a decorated commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Laurence Allen Abercrombie was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, on 11 October 1897, son of John Andrew and Mary Abercrombie (neé Davenport).
After graduating from High School, Abercrombie attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts before transferring to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1917.
During 1917 and 1918, Abercrombie served as a midshipman aboard the USS Delaware (BB-28), USS Georgia (BB-15), USS Nevada (BB-36), and the USS Mississippi (BB-41).
In 1923 the Black Hawk was transferred to the Pacific Fleet and in April 1923, Abercrombie was transferred to the USS Villalobos (PG-42) for a few weeks before being transferred further to the USS Isabel (PY-10).
After a year aboard the USS Utah, LTJG Abercrombie was transferred to the United States Naval Academy's Department of Modern Languages to teach French.
The USS New Orleans (CA-32) was commissioned on the 15th of February 1934 with LT Abercrombie as a member of her crew, making him a Plankowner on the newly commissioned ship.
The USS Drayton was in Hawaiian waters during the Japanese attacked on Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941, but was not in port, and did not see any action.
LCDR Abercrombie engaged and sunk an enemy vessel on December 24th, 1941, an action that would result in his first Navy Cross.
CAPT Abercrombie then took command Destroyer Division NINE consisting of the USS Drayton (DD-366), USS Flusser (DD-368), USS Lamson (DD-367), and the USS Mahan (DD-364).
On 22 October 1942 CAPT Abercrombie commanded the USS Lamson and USS Mahan on a daylight raid on Japanese forces near the Gilbert Islands.
The two destroyers were also able to successfully repel Japanese arial attacks which resulted in no damage to either ship or any casualties.
On the night of 17 February 1943 radar and Sonar operators under CAPT Abercrombie's command warned the Task Unit Commander of any torpedo attacks allowing him to react accordingly.
Less than a year later in April 1944 CAPT Abercrombie was again transferred, this time to the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
In March 1946 CAPT Abercrombie received orders to become the Director of the Naval Reserve program in the Potomac River Naval Command.
In October 1946 he became assistant to the Assistant Chief of Naval Operations (Naval Reserve) and Chief of Naval Reserve, Rear Admiral John E. Gingrich.
CAPT Abercrombie maintained this position until May 1949, then we was transferred to the Office of the Secretary of Defense until his retirement on 30 June 1951.
Bryan Mendoza Cruz (born 20 September 1997) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a Midfielder or Forward for Liga MX club UNAM.
On September 1, 2019 he would go on to score his first goal in the Liga MX first tier against Toluca 2-1.
On April 7, 1803, fourteen men met at 25 Wall Street to sign the Articles of Association, which were drawn up by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, of the Merchants' Bank in the City of New York.
Elbert Adrian Brinckerhoff, son-in-law of W. R. Vermilye (former president of the New York Stock Exchange and brother of Merchants' Bank president Jacob D. Vermilye) was long associated with Merchants' Bank.
Pursuant to a merger agreement dated March 1, 1920 (and approved by the Superintendent of Banks on the same day), the Merchants' National Bank merged with the Bank of the Manhattan Company (the earliest of the predecessor institutions that eventually formed the current JPMorgan Chase & Co.), which was established in 1799 by Aaron Burr.
The capital stock of the Merchants Bank at the time of its merger into The Manhattan Company was $3,000,000 consisting of 30,000 shares of the par value of $100 each all of which were listed upon the New York Stock Exchange.
On March 1, 1920, the Bank then known as The Merchants' National Bank of the City of New York, was converted from a national bank into a state bank under the name of The Merchants' Bank of the City of New York.
The building stood after the bank's 1920 merger until it was also demolished in 1929 to make way for the banks combined headquarter's at 40 Wall Street.
Jakob + MacFarlane is a French architecture firm founded in 1998 by Dominique Jakob (born in 1966) and Brendan MacFarlane (born in 1961).
She studied at École d’architecture de Paris-Villemin (now known as École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Val de Seine) and graduated in 1991.
The pair met while working for the Los Angeles-based firm Morphosis Architects led by Thom Mayne who won the Pritzker Prize in 2005.
The two warring sides of the division were Han Fuju Army supported by Chiang Kaishek and Pang Bingxun Army supported by Feng Yuxiang.
Han was a former subordinate of Feng while Pang had once been a commander of the Zhili clique's Wu Peifu before joining Feng.
From 1951 to 1953, Kellnhauser completed the then two-year training as a nurse at a hospital affiliated with the Bavarian Red Cross hospital in Munich.
Until 1955, she worked in a surgical ward at the RK Hospital in Munich, and from 1956 to 1957, took over the management of a private ward at the gynaecology clinic.
From 1957 to 1958, she completed the 3rd year of training as a registered nurse at West Middlesex Hospital in London, according to the English care system founded by Florence Nightingale.
Here, she passed the state exam and received recognition as a State Registered Nurse by the General Nursing Council for England and Wales.
In 1959, Kellnhauser removed to the U.S. for more than 25 years, except for a three-year break at the University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt.
From 1977 to 1980, she studied philosophy at Florida International University, Miami, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree, and from 1983 to 1985, she earned a Master of Science degree in education sciences with a focus on adult education.
After returning to Germany in 1986, Kellnhauser worked at the German Hospital Institute in Düsseldorf until 1992, where she took over the scientific and editorial management of the literature database HECLINET (Health Care Literature Information Network).
In 1992, Kellnhauser was appointed professor for nursing management and nursing education at the Catholic University of Applied Sciences, Mainz, and became the founding dean of the nursing department.
In 1993, she worked at the Osnabrück University where she was involved in an international comparison for transferability to Dr. phil.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2019 calendar year.
Provincial and Territorial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
From the His Majesty The Emperor of Japan, the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays to Mr. Martin Blake Kobayashi.
From the President of Finland, Cross of Merit of the Order of the White Rose to Mr. Brian Vilho Koivu and Mr. Niilo Kustaa Saari.
From the His Majesty The Emperor of Japan, Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, to Mr. Arthur Kazumi Miki.
Aljay al-Yusufi, also known as Iljay (; d. 8 Muharram 775 AH / 1 July 1373 CE) was a military leader in the Mamluk Sultanate under al-Malik al-Ashraf.
He held the military office of atabeg al-askar (commander in chief), and was also briefly in charge of the bimaristan of al-Mansur.
Ibn Taghribirdi notes that he was simply a prominent Mamluk emir, until his marriage to the mother of the reigning sultan, Khwand Barakah Khatun.
Thereafter, he rose quickly through the ranks: he was promoted to the position of amir silah in early 774 AH/ 1372 CE, and put in charge of the bimaristan at the same time.
His wife died later in the same year (Dhu al-Qadah 774), and was buried in the madrasah which she had constructed a few years earlier.
During the first days of the following year (6 Muharram 775AH/ 27 June 1373CE) Aljay had a bitter disagreement with the with the sultan, al-Malik al-Ashraf, over the inheritance of Khwand Barakah.
The Sultan reportedly offered Aljay the position of governor in the Syrian province of Hamah, which Aljay was not ready accept, unless he was allowed to keep all his property, as well as his troops.
The sultan was not ready to grant this concession, and sent his troops to pursue Aljay, who drowned in the Nile while attempting to flee.
According to the chronicler Ibn Taghribirdi, the sultan felt regret at the news of Aljay's death, and ordered divers to retrieve the corpse of his opponent.
Aljay commissioned the construction of a mosque and madrasah complex in the district of Al-Darb al-Ahmar in the year 774AH/ 1373CE.
The 2020 AMA Supercross Championship is an American motorcycle racing championship that takes place from January 4, 2020 - May 2, 2020 over 17 rounds at various stadiums across the United States.
A race for two-year-old fillies on Tapeta synthetic dirt over a distance of a mile and a sixteen, it offers a purse of $100,000.
Part of the Ontario Sire Stakes program, it is restricted to horses sired by a stallion certified as standing in the Province of Ontario.
In 2006 the synthetic racing surface known as Polytrack was installed and used until 2016 when it was replaced with the current Tapeta synthetic racing suface.
Production of the Minié 4.D series of air-cooled, flat four engines began before World War II and resumed afterwards into the 1950s.
Their first three known types, the 4 B0 Horus, 4 E0 Horus and 4 E2 Horus, produced only , and respectively.
Halted by the Occupation of France during World War II, it began again in 1946, continuing until the company closed in 1954.
The wedge-spots are narrow, being separated by broad black interspaces; the external streak angulate, hooklike, being extended close to distal margin.
— In Algiers, on meadows, in spring till early .May not rarely on Umbelliferae, for instance near Oran, on the parade-grounds of Constantine, etc.
Hikers follow natural trails and elevated boardwalks through a sedimentary rock glen carved by Minnehaha Creek to its confluence with the Mississippi River where there is a sandy beach.
Main access to the hiking trail loop is via several staircases near Minnehaha Falls that descend to the lower glen floor.
Alternative and year-round access to the hiking trail loop is possible via the Glens Area by Godfrey Parkway or the South Plateau Area by a dog park.
Minnehaha lower glen is the canyon area downstream from Minnehaha Falls to where Minnehaha Creek flows to its end at the Mississippi River.
After descending staircases into the glen, hikers traverse dirt trails that eventually follow both sides of the creek, with gradual elevation change to the Mississippi River.
The trail on the north side of the creek is mostly rated moderate in difficulty, while the south side trail is considered more challenging.
There are five numbered pedestrian bridges in the park, with numbers 2-5 in the lower glen, that allow hikers to traverse the creek.
By 2010, Minnehaha Creek Watershed District spent $7 million toward restoration efforts such as trail improvements, shoreline stabilization, invasive plant removal, boardwalk replacement, and reconstruction of stone wall and bridge structures.
In 2014, a heavy rain event threatened improvements to the glen, which were not designed to handle record levels of precipitation.
Mohamed Amine Tougai (; born 7 October 1995) is an Algerian footballer who plays for ES Tunis in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
Idekel Domínguez (born 6 February 2000) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a Defender for Querétaro on loan from UNAM.
In the October of 1926, Retan was appointed to the position of Michigan Attorney General by Governor Alex J. Groesbeck, where he served for the rest of the year.
He went to school in Landshut in 1848 and began his studies in philosophy and theology at the University of Munich in 1858 before switching to jurisprudence.
In 1893, he was elected to the Reichstag where he was a member until 1899 for the 6th Lower Bavarian electoral district of Kelheim.
Thanks to the Catholic bishop Daniel Bonifacius von Haneberg, the abbot of St. Boniface's Abbey, he met the publicist and politician .
In 1884, he was again on trial for claiming that the Bavarian War Ministry was simply a relay station for orders from Berlin.
He was sentenced to nine months imprisonment but was able to force the ministry to prove its role and procedures at great length.
In 1879, the Catholic diocese of Munich called for the newspaper to be boycotted after Sigl attacked the new archbishop Antonius von Steichele.
While Spitzeder was known for bribing newspaper editors to report favorably on her business dealings, Sigl was so convinced that he was the only one who received no money from Spitzeder in return.
It became the newspaper of choice for the right wing of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) after World War I but fought against Adolf Hitler because they felt he was a threat to Bavaria's independence, leading to the newspaper's prohibition in 1934.
The 2019–20 CAF Champions League knockout stage will begin on 28 February with the quarter-finals and end on 29 May 2020 with the final to decide the champions of the 2019–20 CAF Champions League.
Each tie in the knockout stage, apart from the final, is played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home.
If away goals are also equal, then extra time is not played and the winners are decided by a penalty shoot-out.
In the final, which is played as a single match, if the score is level at the end of normal time, extra time won't also be played and the winners will be decided by a penalty shoot-out.
The knockout phase involves the 8 teams which qualify as winners and runners-up of each of the eight groups in the group stage.
The bracket will be decided after the draw for the knockout stage (quarter-finals and semi-finals), which will be held on 5 February 2020, 19:00 CAT (), at the Hilton Pyramids Golf in Cairo, Egypt.
The first legs will be played on 28 and 29 February, and the second legs will be played on 6 and 7 March 2020.
The first legs will be played on 1 and 2 May, and the second legs will be played on 8 and 9 May 2020.
When she was nineteen Foster won second prize in a competition which led to a job offer with the radio station 2UE in Sydney.
Slowly she began to develop through short pieces for their channel until 1936 when she was writing scripts for the Broadcasting Service Association with a team that became known as the Macquarie Players in 1938.
It was opened on 19 July 2006 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Capuchinos and Zona Rental.
William Francis Parkerson Jr. (June 16, 1920 – January 23, 2003) was an American lawyer and politician who served for more than two decades as a member of the Virginia Senate.
After becoming the Senate's president pro tempore, following the death of Edward E. Willey in 1986, he was defeated for reelection in 1987 by former First Lady of Virginia Eddy Dalton.
On November 2, 1886, Dougherty was elected as a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented Charlevoix County and served from January 5, 1887 to 1888.
Velika Rudoka (, ) is the highest peak of the partially–recognised state of Kosovo, at an elevation of 2,660 metres (8,727 feet).
According to the view held by the government of Serbia that Kosovo is part of Serbia, it is also the highest mountain of Serbia.
Butcher was born at Epsom and was educated at Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School in Croydon, before going up to Oriel College, Oxford.
While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University on two occasions against Cambridge University in The University Matches of 2001 and 2003.
Lasse Lavrsen (born January 11, 1963 in Hvidovre, Denmark) is a Danish curler and curling coach, a three-time and seven-time Danish men's champion.
He is currently the skip of the Alberta Golden Bears junior men's curling team in university curling and on the World Curling Tour.
At the 2016 U18 International Curling Championships, Jacques led his Alberta rink of Zachary Pawliuk, Gabriel Dyck, and Michael Henricks to a 3-2 record in pool play, just missing the top playoff tier.
At the 2018 Canadian U18 Curling Championships, Jacques led his team of Dustin Mikush, Dyck, and Henricks to a 3-2 record in pool play, winning the A qualifier and a spot in the playoff semifinal.
Team Alberta earned a spot in the final by defeating the defending U18 national champion, Northern Ontario's Jacob Horgan, where the team lost to Graeme Weagle from Nova Scotia 10-6 in the gold medal game.
Jacques also won the gold medal with teammate Olivia Jones for mixed doubles curling at the 2016 Alberta Winter Games in Medicine Hat, Alberta.
Representing Alberta with his rink of Desmond Young, Andrew Gittis, and Dyck, Jacques posted a 6-4 record at the 2020 Canadian Junior Curling Championships January 18-26, finishing 4th overall and missing the playoffs.
When he was 6, he played for the first time on an acoustic guitar, and later, when he got into rock music, he got for Christmas a new electric guitar.
With Paul Ziraldo founded between 1994 and 1995 his first band called Violent Brothers, which was active only one year, where Danko performed as Cruz Control.
His self-titled band, which was founded in 1996, quickly earned a reputation throughout Canada for its sex-packed live shows and Danko's big loud mouth.
The lake has 33 miles of shore line, 40 million gallons of water enter the lake every day from the Rappahannock River.
The lake was named for Jason Mooney who was a Stafford sheriff's deputy who died in the line of work in 2007.
The 2019–20 Sacramento State Hornets men's basketball team represents California State University, Sacramento in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
The 2019–20 CAF Confederation Cup knockout stage will begin on 1 March with the quarter-finals and end on 24 May 2020 with the final to decide the champions of the 2019–20 CAF Confederation Cup.
Each tie in the knockout stage, apart from the final, is played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home.
If away goals are also equal, then extra time is not played and the winners are decided by a penalty shoot-out.
In the final, which is played as a single match, if the score is level at the end of normal time, extra time won't also be played and the winners will be decided by a penalty shoot-out.
The knockout phase involves the 8 teams which qualify as winners and runners-up of each of the eight groups in the group stage.
The bracket will be decided after the draw for the knockout stage (quarter-finals and semi-finals), which will be held on 5 February 2020, 19:00 CAT (), at the Hilton Pyramids Golf in Cairo, Egypt.
HGTV is a interior home and garden-orientated lifestyle television channel broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Ireland, currently owned by Discovery, Inc.
The channel originally launched on 1 November 1997 as UK Style and then was rebranded to Home on 30 April 2009 and was rebranded to its current form on 21 January 2020.
After a slight rebrand to UKTV Style, the channel made a return to terrestrial screens for a time in the mid-2000s (decade) as part of the now-defunct Top Up TV system.
The channel originally launched on 1 November 1997 as UK Style, broadcasting lifestyle programming from the archive of the BBC and from external producers.
The channel was launched as part of the initial creation of the UKTV network, following the success of sister channel UK Gold.
The channels success was noted when new channel UK Food was created with the sole purpose to free up the space on UK Style's schedule by transferring all food programming to the new channel.
In January 2003, another new channel called UK Bright Ideas was created to showcase programming from UK Style and UK Food on the digital terrestrial network Freeview.
On 8 March 2004, in line with the rest of the UKTV network, the channel changed its name to UKTV Style.
The channel's schedule was further freed up by the creation of new channel UKTV Style Gardens in January 2005, which allowed the transfer of all landscape and gardening programmes to the new channel.
As part of the rebranding of UKTV's channels to unique names and identities, UKTV Style was rebranded as Home on 30 April 2009 and repositioned to include programming based around home improvement, gardens and home lifestyle programmes.
Other female lifestyle programmes were transferred to newly created channel Really, and all gardening programmes were transferred from UKTV Gardens to Home as part of the rebrand.
This took place on 21 January 2020, The first programme to air on HGTV was Homes Under The Hammer at 7 am.
A two-hour timeshift called UKTV Style +2 launched on 12 December 2007 on major platforms, replacing UKTV Bright Ideas on Sky.
The channel's original identity revolved around the screen split in half horizontally with two objects coming together to form one object.
Examples of these idents include an ornament added on top of a flower and still retains that image, wine pouring into a glass, with the base of glass formed out of pouring paint from a tin and a boater hat forming the bowl for some strawberries and cream.
These idents were accompanied by a logo consisting of 'UK' inside a box and the channel name 'Style' written after on a line in upper case.
The box and line logos were replaced with the channel name stylised Style with a four-box pattern positioned to the right of the logo.
This style had been adopted by the majority of the UKTV channels, with each channel's symbol representing the idents simplified and the channel focus in some ways.
The boxes were arranged with one rectangle down the left-hand side, one running along the top half of the screen, a third in the centre bottom and a fourth in the bottom right corner.
This arrangement was also reflected in the relaunched idents in 2001, with a different image in each section of the four-part arrangement.
With the rebrand to UKTV Style, the idents changed to a neutrally coloured house interior and occupiers, which when looked through a mirror is improved and brightly coloured.
Then in 2007, the idents features the people are painting or dancing in the purple background while it opens with the pictures of gardening, home improvements and DIY before it closes, followed by the UKTV Style closes down.
The channel also adopted the station colour of purple at the same time, and three different shades of the colour would appear at the ending of promotions for programmes on the channel and for promotions for the channel on the UKTV network itself.
Following the rebrand to Home, the idents now feature a virtual tour of a home of varying sorts, with various features pointed out by text, usually of a comical nature.
The output of the channel shows lifestyle programmes, mainly gardening, home improvements and DIY shows, that are a combination of internally produced shows, repeats of shows from the BBC archive and international imports.
The genus is named after the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), where research on the type species was performed.
It claims an EEZ of from its shores, which has long coastlines with the Andaman Sea and Strait of Malacca to the west and the Gulf of Thailand to the east, although all of its EEZ is limited by maritime boundaries with neighbouring countries.
Thailand's western sea territory stretches from the west coast of southern Thailand in the Andaman Sea and the Strait of Malacca.
Thailand has not established agreements with Cambodia and Vietnam, who also have maritime territory in the Gulf of Thailand, leading to conflicts.
It also has not established a treaty with Malaysia on their gulf waters; however, the Malaysia–Thailand joint development area was established for both countries to jointly exploit the resources in the area of their overlapping claims.
Emma Maddox Funck (November 19, 1853 - March 21, 1940) was an American suffragist and served as president of the Maryland Woman Suffrage Association (MWSA).
During her tenure at MWSA, Funck worked on drafting resolutions for an amendment to the Maryland State Constitution allowing women's suffrage.
In 1920, after women gained the right to vote, Funck helped to organize the Maryland Federation of Republican Women and served as the first president.
It was built about 1929, during an influx of Jewish immigrants to the area, and is a good example of Colonial Revival architecture in brick and stone.
The Nathan Warnick Apartments are located in a mainly residential area of Dorchester, at the southeast corner of Bradshaw and Bicknell Streets in the Franklin Field North area.
It is a single building, four stories in height, built out of buff brick with a stone foundation, cast stone trim, and a flat roof.
The building is basically rectangular, with entrances near the centers of both street-facing facades, and an angled face at the street corner.
The entrance is framed by a modestly styled cast stone surround, which joins a stone belt separating the first and second floors.
The neighborhood had seen an influx of Irish immigration during the late 19th and early 20th century, which was taken over by Jewish migration, primarily by second-generation Jews who grew up in Boston's North and West Ends.
Nathan Warnick, the builder, was a Jewish immigrant from Poland, and all of the building's early residents were Jews of Russian origin, either immigrants or first-generation descendants.
This important collection of anecdotes makes no claim to being a definitive history of the Australian entertainment industry but provides background on those involved.
It throws light on the work of actors such as Peter Finch, Bill Kerr, Michael Pate, Leonard Teale, Rod Taylor, John Meillon, June Salter and Ruth Cracknell, comedians George Wallace, Roy Rene and Jack Davey and variety hosts Bob and Dolly Dyer.
Crocker was born in Bankstown, Sydney, the daughter of Edna May Crocker (née Dingwall 1905 – 18 November 1992) and upholsterer Roy Samuel Crocker (28 February 1906 – 1980).
At her parents' insistence, she entered the stream for the academically inclined and passed her Leaving Certificate exams in 1948, though without distinction.
Her mother was anxious that she not inherit her own shyness, and accordingly received elocution training from Grace Buist and Harry Thomas and studied piano under Eileen Hanley.
In real life she was about to sail with Ruth Cracknell to London, but from her return to Australia in 1953 she made frequent guest appearances in a variety of minor roles, and was one of the few (with Queenie Ashton and Osbiston) who played in both the first and last episodes (28 February 1949 and 30 September 1976).
With the advent of television in Australia in the mid-1950s, sponsorship for quality radio drama dried up, and radio stations moved to quiz shows, talkback, and popular music programming.
He represented Iraq at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 56 kg event in 2008 and the silver medal in the men's 72 kg event in 2016.
He has also worked in public relations: he was an associate director of the advertising agency J. Walter Thompson during 1961–1962 before moving to Charles Barker City Ltd, where he was their associate director during 1964–1965 and joint managing director from 1968 until 1973.
Derriman was also president of the Institute of Public Relations from 1973 until 1974, and was awarded the President's Medallist of the IPR in 1978.
Vivian Rubiyanti Iskandar (middle name also spelt Rubianti and Rubianty) is the first trans person legally recognised by the Indonesian courts as their true gender.
Her attorney, Adnan Buyung Nasution of Jakarta Legal Aid, argued the absence of such a law did not restrict her right to seek this redress.
In 1975, she married Felix Rumayar in Jakarta, solemnised under the rites of the Catholic Church, and gave up on her salon - taking up employment as a sales girl for Viva Cosmetics in Jogjakarta.
Murtagh (2013), in his analysis of the movie, argues that Vivian did not see herself as part of the Waria community, instead understanding herself to firmly fall on one side of a male-female gender binary.
Vivian's case has become a landmark one in Indonesian jurisprudence, being cited in similar future decisions as regards a legal change of gender.
Locman’s head office is at Marina di Campo and its branch offices can be found in Florence, Milan, New York, Hong Kong, and Tokyo.
In 2012 the company had about one thousand distribution points around the world and 10 single-brand stores, which have since been consolidated into 7 stores.
The founder of the company, Mantovani, was born on the Tuscan island but spent his childhood and studied in Milan where his father had a leather company.
Together with his friend and partner Fulvio Locci, Marco went to Basel to introduce his strap to the companies taking part in the watchmaking fair.
Today the Locman company has expanded its market, combining the Locman signature with other products, such as bags and glasses thanks to the purchase of the Magia Eyewear group in 2016.
In the early years, Mantovani and Locci designed and produced models for other brands in the Marina di Campo and Milan offices.
In 2007 on the occasion of the release of the new Fiat 500 on the market, a limited series of 500 watches inspired by this car was produced.
Today the company has a turnover of more than 20 million euros, 70 employees and a distribution network in Europe, the United States, the Middle East and Japan.
But, in its early years, the company was not well known to the watchmaking market until Hollywood actors like Sharon Stone and Jennifer Lopez along with sport stars like David Beckham started wearing Locmans and brought the company to become well known in the watchmaking field.
Christof Sielecki's Elo rating is 2433 (as of January 2019), and his highest Elo rating of 2451 was reached in December 2014 and again in March 2015.
It is located south of Wellston at the intersection of Ohio State Route 327 and Ohio State Route 124, at .
The Berlin Crossroads Post Office was established on June 28, 1850, and stayed in service under that name until December 30, 1933.
Sinclair-Chapman studies American political institutions, the representation of minority groups in the United States Congress, and minority political participation, particularly how excluded groups come to be included in American politics.
Sinclair-Chapman attended the University of North Carolina-Asheville from which she obtained a BA in 1991, and then completed an MA and a PhD at The Ohio State University, graduating in 2002.
After obtaining her PhD, Sinclair-Chapman became a professor at the University of Rochester, where she later became the Director of Graduate Programs in the Kearns Center for Leadership and Diversity.
The book uses group-level data to argue that poorer and less educated African Americans, who are more often the victims of crime, are also less likely to be politically active than wealthier African Americans.
In addition to her book and journal articles on African American political participation, minority representation, and American political institutions, Sinclair-Chapman has also published on diversity and inclusion in political science.
Sinclair-Chapman is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
While working for the German Foreign Ministry under Gustav Stresemann, Vallentin met H. G. Wells and invited him to deliver an address on world peace to the Reichstag.
Herman Fred Krueger (April 5, 1894 – August 19, 1991) was an American politician and aviator who served in the Wyoming House of Representatives and as the Speaker of the House as a Democrat.
Herman Fred Krueger was born in Bern, Kansas on April 5, 1894 to German immigrants Otto Frederick Krueger and Virginia F. Harvey.
During World War I he joined the U.S. Army's aviation section and fought over Italy and Austria which lead to him receiving the Italian War Cross.
Krueger was elected to the state house to represent as one of Park County's representatives and served until 1939 and was later elected to another term from 1941 to 1943.
In the 1936 house elections the Democratic Party retained control over the house and on January 12, 1937 he was elected as Speaker of the House with 38 votes against the Republican nominee's, Max Russell, 18 votes.
On August 19, 1991 he died at his home in Powell, Wyoming and at the time of his death he was the last pilot from World War I in Wyoming.
Susan Broadhurst is a performance art practitioner, writer, and academic, She is Professor of Performance and Technology and leads the division of Production and Performance (Film and TV, Music and Theatre) at Brunel University London, where she co-founded the university's Body, Space & Technology Research group (now the Centre for Contemporary and Digital Performance).
She is the author of two books, four edited collections, and multiple papers on performance, with an emphasis on live art, dance, music, film, aesthetics, neuroesthetics, technology, and bio-technology.
In 2008, Broadhurst organized ‘'Intelligence, Interaction, Reaction and Performance’', a series of performances and installations exploring the interface between physicality, digital interactivity, AI technology, and biotechnology in contemporary and performance art.
The Louis Riel Memorial is a public sculpture by John Cullen Nugent that stood on the grounds of the Saskatchewan Legislative Building for a quarter of a century.
The original concept was commissioned as an abstract sculpture in steel, opposed by Premier Ross Thatcher, who insisted on a realistic depiction instead.
The statue was controversial, particularly with the Métis community, and was finally removed in 1991 at the long insistence of the Métis Society of Saskatchewan.
The idea for an official provincial memorial for Louis Riel orginated in 1964 when the Government of Saskatchewan's Creative Activities Subcommittee planned a monument for the Métis leader erected in time for the celebrations of Saskatchewan's diamond jubilee in 1965, and asked Clement Greenberg for his opinion.
Greenberg had spent a summer at a University of Saskatchewan painting workshop at Emma Lake, and suggested John Nugent, who had participated in such workshops in 1949.
Nugent had begun his career as a proficient sculptor creating liturgical commissions in silver and bronze, but as of 1961, had gradually shifted to welded steel abstract sculptures.
In the lead-up to the Canadian Centennial in 1967, the Saskatchewan Arts Board recommended that the province should have a new public sculpture.
Maria Tippett compares it to a model of a welded steel tower by the Russian Constructivist Vladimir Tatlin produced in the Soviet Union in 1920.
While this was not exactly what Thatcher had wanted either (he would have preferred Riel in a suit), he nevertheless asked Nugent to go ahead with it, and Nugent was commissioned to create this version, with the proviso that the statue be clothed.
Thatcher argued with Nugent over the height of the pedestal, the artist insisting that it be lowered before he would hand over the sculpture.
The unveiling took place on 2 October 1968, just north of the Legislature, to a crowd of about three thousand, very few of whom were Métis.
Nugent was only paid half the sum he was owed as he owed $5,000 on a government loan he got to build his studio in Lumsden; he said he could not afford to sue over it.
Though Louis Riel was a leader of the Métis community, no Métis were ever consulted by those involved in the project at any stage.
Over the next twenty years, the sculpture was continuously denounced, and pressure increased with time to remove the work from the legislative grounds.
Journalist Ron Petrie's opinion most closely reflected that of the Métis:Imagine if you dare, the likely reaction of the Saskatchewan public if a statue of, say Tommy Douglas, John Diefenbaker or Ross Thatcher were unveiled in front of the Legislative Building and, like the Riel piece, portrayed the man with his genitalia exposed.
She worked as a full professor at the Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology at the Faculty of Biology at the University of Warsaw and at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
She was an active member of the EEMGS)for almost four decades and served as president of the Polish EEMGS section during the period 2002–12.
Elipovimab (formerly known as GS-9722) is a first in class of effector-enhanced broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies for the targeted elimination of HIV infected cells and is as of 2020 in phase 1b clinical testing, designed with the goal of reducing or eliminating the HIV reservoir in patients.
The series does not have an editorial position, however, the commentary and analysis can be described as populist, and as a bipartisan alternative to mainstream news.
The Interprovincial Standards Red Seal Program, generally known as the Red Seal Program, is a program setting common standards for tradespeople in Canada as a partnership between the federal government and provinces and territories.
It is under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA) It was created in 1959 as a result of the first National Conference on Apprenticeship in Trades and Industries, which was held in Ottawa in 1952.
There are 56 trades currently recognized in the program, covering such trades as cook, electrician, machinist, welder, heavy equipment operator, millwright, and roofer.
Provinces and territories are responsible for administering apprenticeship training and trade certification in their respective jurisdictions, including the administration of the Red Seal Program in their jurisdictions.
As a child, Kozyrkov became interested in data when she discovered spreadsheet software and later became interested in the relationship between information and decision-making.
She began her studies in economics and mathematical statistics at Nelson Mandela University at the age of fifteen, and transferred to the University of Chicago to complete her undergraduate degree.
After graduation, Kozyrkov worked as a project manager and researcher at the University of Chicago Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, then enrolled in graduate studies at Duke University in psychology and cognitive neuroscience with a focus on neuroeconomics.
After completing her graduate studies in the decision sciences, Kozyrkov studied data science, but was recruited by Google before she completed her PhD in mathematical statistics.
She was promoted to Chief Data Scientist in the Office of the CTO at Google in 2016 and to Chief Decision Scientist in 2017.
She was selected by LinkedIn as the #1 Top Voice in Data Science and Analytics for 2019 and appeared on the cover of the Forbes AI data science issue.
She rose through the ranks in news, becoming an on air reporter at KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, a writer-producer at NBC, helped launch MSNBC and from 1998 to 2004, Davis served as senior vice president/creative of CBS and Dunbar Productions.
In the nonprofit world, Davis was vice president, chief operating officer, and special assistant to the Jackie Robinson Foundation's chief executive from 2004-2009.
Major General James Burston (1 May 1856 – 4 March 1920) was a business man, local body politician, and an Australian Army officer who served in the First World War.
A fire in 1892 saw the company's factory having to be rebuilt but it continued to grow, soon acquiring Victoria Brewery Co.'s maltings.
He was elected to the Melbourne City Council in 1900 and served two terms as Lord Mayor from 1908 to 1910.
The same year, Samuel Burston & Co. merged with a competing company to form Barrett Bros & Burston Co. Pty Limited, with Burston being a managing director of the new company.
Banking was another pursuit for Burston; as the president of the Melbourne Permanent Building Society, he oversaw its amalgamation with the Universal Permanent Building and Investment Society.
By 1885, he was a captain, serving in the 2nd Infantry Battalion, and would be promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1895.
By 1908, having received staff training in a course at Aldershot, which he self-funded, he was a staff officer attached to the Victoria Field Force.
For his service in the militia, which by this time had evolved into the Citizens Military Force, he was awarded the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration.
When the First World War broke out, Burston was without a military role but was called up for active duty despite being 58 years of age.
In April 1915, he was enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force as a colonel and appointed commander of the 7th Brigade, which included the 25th to 28th Battalions.
He took a role as commander of reinforcement troops at Mudros, a staging post for soldiers being sent to Gallipoli, for a time before travelling to England.
He was survived by his wife, Marianne , and six children, one of whom, Roy Burston, served in the Australian Army Medical Corps during the First and Second World Wars, reaching the rank of major general.
During 2020 they have exhibition matches scheduled and will compete in the Espana Rugby league with a focus on developing Spanish players.
The club was first formed in 2019 by Dean Buchan, an English businessman who formed a consortium which submitted a proposal to compete in Rugby Football League competition.
They planned to stage a double header with Super League XXIV finalists St. Helens and Salford Red Devils but that fell through and they instead hosted a standalone fixture against the Featherstone Rovers, which they lost 102–14.
Bridget Anne Hyem (26 September 1933 – 3 March 2014), née MacIntyre and known as Bud, was the first female equestrian to represent Australia at an Olympic Games.
David Shepherd Rose (March 10, 1913 – November 19, 1997) was an American prelate who served as the sixth Bishop of Southern Virginia between 1971 and 1978.
Rose was born on March 10, 1913 in Nashville, Tennessee, the son of Charles Solon Rose and Amy Payne, of Scottish ancestry whose paternal ancestors arrived in the United States in 1725.
He then became assistant at the Cathedral of St Mary in Memphis, Tennessee, where he remained until his ordination to the priesthood in April 1939 by Bishop Maxon.
Between 1939 and 1943 he served as associate rector of Christ Church in Pensacola, Florida and priest-in-charge of St John's Church in Warrington, Florida, St Mary's Church in Milton, Florida and St Andrews-by-the-Sea in Destin, Florida.
In 1946 he became assistant to the Bishop of Florida, while in 1948 he became rector of the Church of the Good Shepherd in Corpus Christi, Texas.
During his time as bishop, he was co-founder of the Church of the Holy Apostles in Virginia Beach, together with Bishop Walter Francis Sullivan of Richmond, where Catholics and Episcopalians worship together.
Electa Arenal, born as Elena Electa Arenal y Huerta, (May 16, 1935 – June 12, 1969) was a Mexican artist, known best as a muralist painter, and sculptor.
Elena Electa Arenal y Huerta was born on May 16, 1935 in Mexico City, Mexico into a Mexican Communist Party family, artist Elena Huerta Muzquiz and Luis Leopoldo Arenal.
As a child she lived between 1941 and 1945 (during a portion of World War II) in the Soviet Union, along with her mother and sister, due to political reasons.
Arenal assisted her mother on frescoes painted at the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro in Coahuila, Mexico and she assisted Diego Rivera on the exterior murals of the Estadio Olímpico Universitario (Olympic Stadium) and Insurgentes Theater between 1952 and 1954.
Some of her best known mural works are located in Cuba including, Canto a la Revolución (1962), Atomos y Niños (1963), Revolución Cubana (1965), Infancia (1963), Maternidad (1964) and Palomas (1965).
The ward is one of 21 in the Wakefield district, and has been held by Labour since the current bounderies were formed for the 2004 Council election.
Notable landmarks in the ward include Pontefract Racecourse, Pontefract Castle and Tangerine Confectionery HQ with the main areas being Monkhill and Pontefract Town centre.
This means elections for new councillors are held for three years running, with one year every four years having no elections.
He was defeated in the 2011 election by Paula Sherriff who would later become Member of Parliament (MP) for Dewsbury in the 2015 general election.
Thiago Fernandes Rodrigues (born 13 March 2001), known as Thiago, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Brazilian Série A club Flamengo.
Born in the Pina neighborhood of souther Recife, Thiago was rejected from trials with Sport Recife and Palmeiras before being signed by Náutico of Recife.
Thiago made his professional debut for Náutico on 16 December 2018 in a friendly against Argentine club Newell's Old Boys, where he scored the game-winning goal in a 1-0 victory at the Estádio dos Aflitos.
Playing primarily as a right-winger, Thiago was a starter for Náutico at the age of 18, finishing the 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C season as Náutico's second-most goal scorer with 5 goals in 17 appearances.
He also represented Nigeria at the 2010 Commonwealth Games where he won the bronze medal in the men's Open bench press event.
Kark´kisällit organised annual concerts in Karkkila Hall (Karkkila-sali) which soon became widely popular attracting people to come and listen to them from neighbouring towns and all over Uusimaa region.
The quartet chose a new repertoire and theme for each concert but despite that they had some songs that became traditions among them and their fans.
Examples of these songs are Hirvenmetsästyslaulu (Elk hunting song) and Mississippi (Ol' Man River) which was sang by actor Esa Saario, a usual visiting star to Kark´kisällit's conserts.
The mountain is situated north of Golden on the southern edge of the Freshfield Icefield, in the Blaeberry Valley, less than from the Continental Divide.
The mountain was named in 1898 by J. Norman Collie after Albert F. Mummery (1855-1895), a famous British mountaineer who perished attempting to climb Nanga Parbat in the Himalayas.
Collie named many peaks in the Canadian Rockies, and was a climbing companion who accompanied Mummery on the Nanga Parbat expedition.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1906 by I. Tucker Burr Jr, Samuel Cabot Jr, W. Rodman Peabody, Robert Walcott, with guides Gottfried Feuz and Christian Kaufmann.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Mummery is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the Mummery Glacier drains into Blaeberry River and Waitabit Creek, which are both tributaries of the Columbia River.
Smith is the founder and managing partner of Changeist, a futures research and consulting company established in 2007 which has worked with UNICEF, Comcast, Nokia, and NASA to assist them in preparing for a complex future.
He was also co-developer and advisor for the Futures Institute at the Duke University TIP program, and designed the Innovation & Future Thinking summer professional program at IED Barcelona.
Smith began his technology forecasting career in 1995 as the Director of Digital Commerce at Mecklermedia (as Jupiter Communications), one of the earliest Internet research companies, helping companies prepare for the online world.
From 1999 through 2002 he was Director Networked Business Strategies Europe at the Yankee Group, and then worked as Director of Research Applications at Social Technologies (later Innovaro) until founding Changeist with Susan Cox-Smith in 2007.
On November 4, 2014, Kerby won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 9, seat A. Kerby defeated Steve Worthley with 76.5% of the votes.
On November 8, 2016, as an incumbent, Kerby won the election and continued serving District 9, seat A. Kerby defeated Rejeana A. Goolsby with 81.1% of the votes.
On November 6, 2018, as an incumbent, Kerby won the election and continued serving District 9, seat A. Kerby defeated Allen Schmid with 75.9% of the votes.
From 1933 to 1964, the school was known as Boise Junior College, then from 1965 to 1967 it was known as Boise College.
The team initially competed at Public School Field before moving to the on-campus College Field (also known as Chaffee Field) in 1940.
In 1946, with the war over, the program returned under Jacoby, then in 1947 first-year assistant Lyle Smith was promoted to head coach.
Boise saw tremendous success under Smith, who won his first 37 games as a head coach (interrupted by a period in 1950 and 1951 in which Smith was called into Naval service in Korea and George Blankley took over as head coach and also saw success).
That success continued well into the 1960's, with the Broncos ultimately earning 13 Intermountain Collegiate Athletic Conference football titles, by far the most for a single school in that conference's history.
1967 would be the final year for Boise at the 2-year level as they moved to the NAIA as an independent.
1967 would also be coach Smith's final year as a coach as he moved full-time into the athletic director role at Boise.
In 1968, Boise College would change its name again to Boise State College, and the football program began 4-year competition under its under new head coach Tony Knap.
^Boise State was undefeated in ICAC league play, but did not play enough conference opponents to be eligible for the conference championship.
Hot temperature extremes are enhanced by dry, compressed wind from the west slopes of the Cascades, while cold temperatures are generated mainly from the Fraser Valley in British Columbia.
Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during November, December, and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period.
Light rain and drizzle are the predominant forms of precipitation during the remainder of the year; for instance, on average, less than of rain falls in July and August combined when rain is less common.
One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon.
It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period.
In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation.
Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation, and it receives some of the lowest amounts of annual sunshine among major cities in the lower 48 states, along with some cities in the Northeast, Ohio, and Michigan.
By comparison, Fort Myers, Florida, reports thunder on 93 days per year, Kansas City on 52, and New York City on 25.
Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging , with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to .
Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, with high temperatures averaging , and reaching on 3.1 days per year.
The hottest officially recorded temperature was on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is the day the official record high was set.
Both streams of air originate over the Pacific Ocean; airflow is split by the Olympic Mountains to Seattle's west, then reunited to the east.
Thunderstorms caused by this activity are usually weak and can occur north and south of town, but Seattle itself rarely receives more than occasional thunder and small hail showers.
The Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm in December 2006 is an exception that brought heavy rain and winds gusting up to , an event that was not caused by the Puget Sound Convergence Zone and was widespread across the Pacific Northwest.
Conversely, the northeastern portion of the Olympic Peninsula, which lies east of the Olympic Mountains is located within the Olympic rain shadow and receives significantly less precipitation than its surrounding areas.
Prevailing airflow from the west is forced to cool and compress when colliding with the mountain range, resulting in high levels of precipitation within the mountains and its western slopes.
Once the airflow reaches the leeward side of the mountains, it then lowers and expands resulting in warmer, and significantly dryer air.
Often an area devoid of cloud cover can be seen extending out over the Puget Sound to the north and east of Sequim.
Other areas influenced by the Olympic rain shadow include Port Angeles, Port Townsend, extending as far north as Victoria, British Columbia.
A single calendar-day snowfall of six inches (15 cm) or greater has occurred on only 17 days since 1948, and only three times since February 17, 1990; of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012.
This 2012 moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985.
Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below , causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow.
In February 2019, Seattle experienced its snowiest month in 50 years (since January 1969), with 20.2 inches of snow, all from February 3–11, with 6.4 inches on Feb. 8 and 6.1 more inches on Feb. 11.
The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to in places at the end of the snow event.
From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with of snow on the ground by the time the event was over.
The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.
One of many exceptions to Seattle's reputation as a damp location occurs in El Niño years, when marine weather systems track as far south as California and little precipitation falls in the Puget Sound area.
Since the region's water comes from mountain snow packs during the dry summer months, El Niño winters can not only produce substandard skiing but can result in water rationing and a shortage of hydroelectric power the following summer.
In keeping with its identity as a competition run at long time controls on high-end hardware, TCEC secured a hardware upgrade for the competing CPU engines.
Among other changes, the number of cores available is doubled from 44 to 88, the operating system used is now Linux, and Syzygy endgame tablebases are now cached directly in the RAM for faster access.
Because this upgrade advantages CPU engines compared to GPU engines, TCEC split the qualification paths to Premier Division by introducing separate leagues for CPU and GPU engines.
For CPU engines, there will first be a Qualification League consisting of 16 engines, followed by League 2 (16 engines) and League 1 (16 engines).
The top 2 GPU engines will then contest a playoff against the top 4 CPU engines in League 1, with the four highest-placing engines promoting to Premier Division.
Six engines - Stockfish, Komodo, Houdini, Leela Chess Zero, AllieStein, and Stoofvlees - are seeded directly to Premier Division, based on their top 6 finishes in the previous season.
Among the competitors Igel was the only engine to not lose to Defenchess and Demolito, but it lost to bottom-half engines FabChess and Topple.
Comparatively, iCE was whitewashed by Defenchess and Igel, but it turned in a strong performance against its other rivals, losing only one other game to Winter.
Pirarucu went through a tense moment when it lost to Winter in the penultimate round; however it pulled out a win with Black against Topple to promote.
7th-placed Minic was in a promotion spot all the way up to the final round, when it lost to Gogobello while iCE beat Counter.
Minic had the better Sonneborn–Berger score, but it also had one crash, and the number of crashes was the first tiebreak.
Nonetheless, in a stroke of good fortune for Minic (and 8th-placed PeSTO), the League Two engines chess22k and Fritz crashed three times during testing for the division.
chess22k's and Fritz's authors were not able to update the engines in time, resulting in Minic and PeSTO promoting as lucky losers.
It had been relegated in the previous season because its developer had submitted a drastically different neural network-based version that turned out to be significantly weaker.
For the other promoted engines, Winter and PeSTO performed surprisingly well, comfortably finishing above their peers in 7th and 8th respectively.
The remaining five promoted engines occupied the bottom five spots, and were all relegated along with Wasp (which crashed three times).
After the division concluded, in a repeat of testing for League Two, four League One engines either pulled out or did not run on the new Linux operating system, resulting in the 5th-8th placed engines in League One promoting.
During testing for League One, three engines (Booot, Chiron, and ChessBrainVB) did not play because they did not run on Wine, the compatibility layer that TCEC is using to run Windows programs on Linux.
The Mount Clemens Sugar Company was a local venture in Mount Clemens, Michigan, which processed sugar beets into refined sugar, and which operated from 1901 until 1950.
Enticed by the success of a similar operation in Bay City, Michigan, in 1898, the Mount Clemens Chamber of Commerce sent Sheriff William F. Nank on a fact-finding mission.
On 9 January 1920, a federal grand jury in Detroit handed down an indictment of the Mount Clemens Sugar Company and President James Davidson, charging sale of sugar at the excessive price of seventeen cents per pound.
Freight rates for transporting beets had risen, the acreage available had dwindled as agricultural land was sold off for other industry and residential development.
The War Department appropriated 200 acres of the company’s own land for expansion of Selfridge Air Force Base, and also required the factory to cut 100 feet off of the plant smokestack, the loss of which draft necessitated the installation of fans.
Světlík, who reached a best ranking of 230 in the world, qualified for his only ATP Tour main draw at the 1999 Prague Open.
He had qualifying wins over Petr Pála, Radomír Vašek and Tuomas Ketola, then fell to Australian Open semi-finalist Nicolás Lapentti in the first round.
In Brazil, she formed the first group of researchers in the area of polymers, which gave rise to the Institute of Macromolecules of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), later renamed in her honor.
He represented Nigeria at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and he won the silver medal in the men's Open bench press event.
George Washington Rodgers, naval officer, was born in Harford County, Md., Feb. 22, 1787 ; a brother of Commodore John Rodgers.
He was promoted captain, March 3, 1825 ; was a member of the board of examiners, 1828–30, and was promoted commodore and commanded the Brazil squadron, 1830-.32.
The awarding of an eagle feather, the traditional insignia of an Indian brave, was an important rite of passage into manhood.
To qualify as a warrior, and thus earn the right to wear an eagle feather, Indian youths were required to perform an act of courage on behalf of their tribe.
For plains Indians such as the Sioux or Apache this included killing and scalping an enemy, capturing a horse, infiltrating the enemy's camp, taking a prisoner, or striking the same opponent three times in battle.
Few braves received more than three eagle feathers during their lifetime due to the bird's rarity and sacred status, but exceptionally courageous and talented warriors such as Sitting Bull, Geronimo or Cochise could ultimately earn enough feathers to make a war bonnet.
Plains Indians frequently decorated their buckskin war shirts with the scalps of their enemies, bone breastplates as protection from cold weapons, bear claws, porcupine quills or wolf teeth to demonstrate their hunting prowess, silver conchos made from Morgan Dollars or Mexican pesos, and elaborate glass beadwork.
This attire served the dual purpose of terrifying their enemies, and ensuring the warrior looked his best before the Great Spirit if he was killed in battle.
Common bead patterns, believed to protect the wearer in battle, included the thunderbird, diamonds and crosses, or zigzags in white, cyan, black, red, orange and yellow.
Tattooing and scarification were also in use among Southwestern tribes such as the Cherokee, Seminole and Cree to enable a warrior to demonstrate his resistance to pain, signify allegiance to a specific tribe or marital status, and to draw favours from totem spirit animals such as Raven, the Great Bear, or the serpent.
Centuries before the arrival of the first pioneers, the Indian shaman would tattoo braves using cactus spines dipped in a carbon-based ink.
At long range, a brave would cling to the side of his horse and use it as a shield, while returning fire with his own gun or bow and arrow.
Other commonly used weapons included ball-topped clubs and gunstock war clubs decorated with brass thumbtacks taken from old trunks burned as firewood by American pioneers.
The braves of the Indian Wars made use of many different types of gun, including flintlock horse pistols, long rifles, Colt revolvers, Springfield muskets, Remington rolling blocks, Sharps carbines taken from the US cavalry, and repeating rifles such as the Winchester yellowboy or Spencer carbine.
Cartridge firearms enabled chiefs such as Red Cloud and his dog soldiers to wage a successful guerrilla campaign against the blue-coats, until attrition and countless atrocities committed by the whites against Indian women and children forced the braves to surrender.
Chingachgook from Cooper's Last of the Mohicans, May's Winnetou, and Ellis' Deerfoot of the Shawnee are represented as selfless, heroic protagonists as intelligent and competent as any white man.
During the Cold War, Russian and East German Red Westerns such as the Sons of the Great Bear subverted contemporary American portrayals of the Indian Wars by romanticising the Indian brave's resistance to genocide at the hands of the white man.
At the 2016 Summer Paralympics he won the silver medal in the men's 200 metre freestyle S4 event and the bronze medal in the men's 100 metre freestyle S4 event.
She was born into a family of actors, as her father was famed Soviet theatre actor Lev Durov, and her mother, Irina Kirichenko, was also an actress.
The Circle K/Fiesta Bowl 200 was a PPG IndyCar World Series was an IndyCar Series race held at the ISM Raceway in Avondale, Arizona.
Open wheel racing in the Phoenix area dates back to 1915 (see Circle K/Fiesta Bowl 200) on a dirt oval at the Arizona State Fairgrounds.
During the CART years, two races were scheduled through the mid-1980s, but the track dropped down to one race per year starting in 1987.
This race was the site of one of the greatest championship battles in IndyCar history in 1985 where Al Unser Jr led his father Al Unser Sr by 3 points heading into the event.
During its time on the USAC Championship Car circuit, Phoenix International Raceway typically held two races annually, one in the spring, and one in the fall.
The North Queensland First party is a political party founded and based in the state of Queensland by Queensland MP for Whitsunday Jason Costigan.
The names of the peaks of this small compact range have a devil-related theme: Black Prince Mountain, Mount Mephistopheles, Devils Dome, Mount Diablo, Satan Peak, Devils Spire, and Devils Couch.
The first ascent of the peak was made August 24, 1970, by Bob Dean and Howie Ridge via the east ridge.
In a week-long drive, enough $100 shares were sold to raise $72,600, which, together with a bank mortgage, was just enough to enable the building to go forward.
Let's Make a Dream (French: Faisons un rêve...) is a 1936 French romantic comedy film directed by Sacha Guitry and starring Guitry, Raimu and Jacqueline Delubac.
It was shot at the Epinay Studios on the outskirts of Paris, and distributed by the French subsidiary of Tobis Film.
He represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 400 metre freestyle S6 event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships he won three gold medals: in the men's 50 metres freestyle S6 event, in the men's 100 metres freestyle S6 event, in the men's 400 metres freestyle S6 event.
Haitian boat people are refugees from Haiti who flee the country by boat, usually to southern Florida and sometimes the Bahamas.
In the 1980 Mariel boatlift, many Haitian boat people joined the exodus from Cuba to take refuge in the United States.
Between 1972 and 1981 around 55,000 boat people had arrived in Florida, but many escaped U.S. detection so the number may be around 100,000.
Before 1981 all Haitian entrants to the United States were detained and if not considered political refugees, were sent back to Haiti.
In 2014, the company was acquired by Wellmade StarM (Wellmade Yedang) before being separated in 2016, changing to their current name after signing a merger agreement with Banana Culture Music.
She reached the semi-finals again in 2001, losing 1–4 to Kelly Fisher and was a quarter-finalist in 1999, 2004 and 2006.
At European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 8, she lost 0–4 to Joe Steele, and at European Tour 2014/2015 – Event 1 she lost 0–4 to Anthony Jeffers.
Rizutti and Reanne Evans lost 1–3 to Ng On-yee and So Man Yan in the final of the 2014 WLBS World Ladies Pairs Championship.
The 1947 Alcorn A&M Braves football team was an American football team that represented Alcorn A&M College as a member of the South Central Athletic Conference (SCAC) during the 1947 college football season.
Temporary health camps were organised during World War I and through to the 1930s under the guidance of Elizabeth Gunn (paediatrician).
Children were served several portions of healthy simple food to ensure they returned home in a healthier state than in which they arrived.
Entrepreneur and land owner, Byron Brown, gave the land for the children's camp and the first camp buildings went up and remain there today.
The government stepped away from the camps in 2001, handing them over to a new charitable organisation, STAND Children's Services/Tu Maia Whanau which was contracted to Oranga Tamariki.
He was drafted to the military service during Emperor Yang of Sui's campaigns against Goguryeo, but he was late for the duty, which might lead to a death penalty.
When Li Yuan (Li Shimin's father and future founding emperor of Tang Dynasty) decided to rebel against Sui in 617, Liu Hongji and Zhangsun Shunde ambushed and killed Wang Wei and Gao Junya, the two deputy officials of Taiyuan who helped Emperor Yang of Sui spy on Li Yuan, and made it possible for Li Yuan to rebel in Taiyuan.
His move cleared the flank for Li Yuan's main force who were attacking the Sui capital Daxing (on the southern bank of Wei River, better known as Chang'an) from the east.
Wei Wensheng, the Sui general guarding the Daxing area, was defeated by Liu Hongji's force at the Jinguang Gate of Daxing city.
From 618 to 622, Liu Hongji took part in Tang's unification wars against Xue Ju, Liu Wuzhou and Liu Heita as a subordinate to Li Shimin.
In 624, the court sent Liu Hongji and Li Shentong (Prince of Huai'an) to Binzhou, a frontier town north of Chang'an, to guard the border between Tang and Tujue.
In 627, he was implicated by his friend Prince of Yi'an, Li Xiaochang, who tried to launch a riot against the newly crowned Li Shimin (Emperor Taizong) after the Xuanwu Gate Incident.
In 645, he took part in the campaign against Goguryeo led by Emperor Taizong as the chief commander of the vanguard force.
In folk stories, Liu Hongji was one of the four close guards (along with Yin Kaishan, Duan Zhixuan and Ma Sanbao) to protect Li Shimin when he was the Prince of Qin.
The Wellington Writers Walk is made up of a series of 23 quotations from New Zealand writers, including poets, novelists, and playwrights.
The quotations are placed along the Wellington waterfront, from Kumutoto stream to Oriental Bay, in the form of contemporary concrete plaques or inlaid metal text on wooden 'benchmarks'.
They were designed by Catherine Griffiths and Fiona Christeller and installed to honour and celebrate the lives and works of these well-known writers, all of whom had (or have) some connection to Wellington.
The Walk began as a project of the Wellington Branch of the New Zealand Society of Authors (PEN NZ Inc.) Te Puni Kaituhi o Aotearoa under the inaugural committee of Eirlys Hunter (convenor), Robin Fleming, Dame Fiona Kidman, Barbara Murison, Ann Packer, Susan Pearce, Judy Siers and Joy Tonks.
The first series of 11 concrete plaques were designed by internationally renowned typographer Catherine Griffiths, with each plaque having an individual sponsor.
The Writers Walk was opened during New Zealand Post Writers and Readers Week, part of the International Festival of the Arts, on 11 March 2002.
Catherine Griffiths was awarded the Terry Stringer Award at the BEST Design Awards in 2002 for her work on the sculptures.
The quotations for Jack Lasenby, Joy Cowley, James McNeish and Elizabeth Knox were unveiled by the then patron, Governor-General Sir Jerry Mateparae, in a ceremony on the waterfront on 20 March 2013.
The Writers Walk attracts a lot of attention from locals as well as visitors, tourists, bloggers and photographers, and is also a popular expedition for school groups.
In 2008, the Wellington Writers Walk committee held the Wellington Sonnet Competition, sponsored by New Zealand Post, which attracted over 200 entries.
The competition was judged by Harry Ricketts and won by Michele Amas, with Saradha Koirala and Richard Reeve in second and third place respectively.
In 2012, New Zealand was Guest of Honour at the Frankfurt Book Fair, and the Wellington Writers Walk played a starring role, with large decals of the quotations appearing alongside the River Main in Frankfurt.
It was launched there in September 2012 by New Zealand writers Hamish Clayton and Tina Makereti, both in residence at Frankfurt's Weltkulturen Museum.
The Writers Walk featured in a 2015 Spectrum documentary when presenter Jack Perkins explored part of the walk with Rosemary Wildblood, Barbara Murison and Philippa Werry.
In 2017, a project for the Wai-Te-Ata Press at Victoria University of Wellington, called the Literary Atlas of Wellington, was undertaken to create an augmented reality mobile application based on the Wellington Writers Walk.
De Viguerie was a professor emeritus at Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III and a member of the Consistori del Gay Saber.
Previous to his tenure in the Alabama Senate, he was the finance director and chairman for the Madison County Republican Party, as well as a lawyer.
He was President and Chief Executive Officer of hospital group Capio for 10 years, till 2018. and was President and Chief Executive Officer of Securitas for 14 years, till April 2007.
Later that year, in December 1999 he oversaw the purchase of two more American security firms for $202 million in cash.
With Breglund at the helm of the company, Securitas's revenue grew from $750 million (7 billon SEK) to $7 billion (66 billion SEK), and employed over 250,000 people.
He was the Securitas chief at the time of the high profile Securitas depot robbery, at Tonbridge, Kent when on 22 February 2006, over $92 million (£53,116,760) in cash bank notes belonging to the Bank of England was stolen.
It was the largest known cash robbery in the world during peacetime, and only eclipsed by the wartime $1 billion cash heist done at the Central Bank of Iraq, under orders of Saddam Hussein by his son Qusay in 2003.
Of these, 88.7% spoke Russian, 4.1% Mordvin, 3.4% Chuvash, 3.1% Tatar, 0.4% Ukrainian, 0.1% Latvian, 0.1% Polish and 0.1% German as their native language.
Vaclovas Biržiška guessed that Zablockis could have been a neighbor of Abraomas Kulvietis and thus could be from the area of Kulva.
When Queen Bona Sforza who supported and protected the Protestants left for Poland, Kulvietis and Zablockis moved to Königsberg to avoid the persecution by Bishop Paweł Holszański.
In August 1542, Duke Albert of Prussia wrote two recommendation letters for Zablockis to the Elder of Samogitia and to Grand Duke Sigismund I the Old.
Zablockis then returned to Königsberg where he enrolled into the University of Königsberg together with three Lithuanian students – Martynas Mažvydas, , and .
Zablockis reappears in written records in March–August 1560 when he helped eight Lithuanians, including future bishop Merkelis Giedraitis, and his brother, and relatives of Grand Chancellor , to enroll into the University of Tübingen.
In May 1563, Zablockis and his students attended the wedding of Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg and Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg.
It appears that Zablockis returned to Tübingen and died shortly after as his students were recalled by their parents in late 1563 without Zaborskis.
The book did not identify the author or the translator of the hymn, but the same hymn – this time attributed to Zablockis – was republished in a hymnal prepared by Mažvydas or and published in 1570.
The hymn was translated from German; it is known from two hymnals published in Marburg in 1549 and two other hymnals published in Königsberg in 1549.
A six-line Latin epitaph was published by Merkelis Giedraitis in 1561 to commemorate the death of Katarzyna, mother of who was Zablockis' student in Tübingen.
The New Testament (French: Le nouveau testament) is a 1936 French comedy film directed by Sacha Guitry and starring Guitry, Jacqueline Delubac and Christian Gérard.
Kim Medley is an American environmental scientist and the director of Tyson Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis since 2016.
She is known for her work on the influence of human disturbance on the ecological and evolutionary processes of disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and their pathogens.
Her work also includes examining human impacts on vector ecology understanding how human activities altered ecological processes, which further influence trajectories of evolution.
Her dissertation focused on human-mediated dispersal and its influence on gene flow and adaptive evolution, which was awarded Outstanding Dissertation, 2012-UCF College of Sciences and Excellence in Graduate Research Award.
Before joining Tyson Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis, she worked as a Post-doctoral Research Assistant at University of Central Florida and as a Graduate Research Assistant before that.
The lac à la Croix is a body of water in the watershed of the rivière à la Croix and the Saint Jean River.
This body of water is located in the municipality of Saint-Félix-d'Otis, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the region administrative Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac à la Croix is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The mouth of Lac à la Croix is located about north of the boundary of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.
Betanzos Canton is one of the cantons of the Betanzos Municipality, in the Cornelio Saavedra Province, in the Potosí Department in south-west Bolivia.
After graduating in 1980, he was assigned to the Ninth Design Institute of Machinery Industry as a technician and then assistant engineer.
In December 1989 he joined the China Academy of Engineering Physics, where he successively worked as deputy director, director, and chief engineer.
Discrete supercells developed in the early morning on December 16 and moved northeast, spawning multiple strong tornadoes in cities such as Alexandria and in Laurel before congealing into an eastward-moving squall line.
During the outbreak, the National Weather Service issued several PDS tornado warnings as well as a rare tornado emergency for Alexandria.
The first signs of organized severe weather came on December 12, when the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) outlined a day 5 risk area across portions of the Mid-South and lower Ohio River Valley.
This 15% delineation area was shifted southwestward the following day and translated to a broad Slight risk for severe weather on December 14.
Expectations of a tornado outbreak arose on December 16 as a well-defined, positively-tilted trough existed across the central United States and very strong cyclonic flow developed southeast of this feature.
At the surface, a cold front was expected to progress across the Southeast United States while an intensifying area of low pressure propagated northeast along the boundary.
The environment along and ahead of this front was anticipated to be favorable for severe weather, featuring dewpoints as high as the low 70s Fahrenheit, mid-level Convective Available Potential Energy on the order of 1,000–2,000 J/kg, and a contributing to large hodographs and strong cyclonic updraft potential.
Given the general alignment of the cold front and wind shear aloft, the SPC was uncertain early on December 16 over whether numerous discrete supercells would exist in the highest threat area.
By later in the day, however, a consistent signal for sustained warm-sector supercells from available model guidance lent credibility to the potential for multiple significant tornadoes.
At 16:40 UTC, the SPC issued their first tornado watch, the first of four during the day as the severe weather threat spread eastward.
Discrete supercells soon developed within the warm sector across Louisiana, while a line of thunderstorms congealed along the encroaching cold front.
Xichehe (洗车河镇) is a town and township in Longshan County, in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, China.
Many elderly residents are hard pressed to care properly for the children for whom they are responsible, leaving the children in need of emotional as well as material support.
A children's charity has built a drop-in center, which provides a safe place with beds, a meal, and a chance to talk, and serves 200 children.
He obtained a master's degree in econometrics, and a doctorate in applied economics in 1971, a state doctorate in economics in 1975, and an agrégation in economics in 1987.
He conducted research for Centre De Recherche Pour L'étude Et L'observation Des Conditions De Vie and was a lecturer at Paris Dauphine University.
He was a member of the jury for the first aggregation competition in economics in 2003 under the chairmanship of Pascal Salin.
Samir Doughty (born January 2, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the Auburn Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Doughty was a two-time first-team all-league selection in high school and led the Mighty Elephants to back-to-back appearances in the league playoffs.
He helped the Rams reach the NCAA Tournament, where they lost to St. Mary's in a game in which Doughty scored nine points.
As a redshirt freshman, Doughty averaged 9.0 points, 3.6 rebounds and 2.1 assists per game, shooting 40.9 percent from the floor and 28.4 percent from three-point range.
In the Final Four matchup against Virginia, Doughty scored 13 points but fouled Kyle Guy with 0.6 seconds remaining in a 63–62 loss.
Doughty was the Tigers’ top three-point shooter at 42.5 percent as a junior while averaging 7.3 points and 3.5 rebounds per game.
The 2019-20 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season was the 54th season of play for the program and the 7th in the WCHA conference.
In 1864–1865, Battery F fought at Morton's Ford and served in the garrisons of Washington, D.C. and Harper's Ferry, West Virginia before being mustered out in June 1865.
From March to June 1862, the unit served with the 1st Division in Banks's V Corps and the Department of the Shenandoah.
From May to October 1863, Battery F served in the 4th Volunteer Brigade of the Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac.
From April to June 1865, the unit was in the 3rd Brigade, Martin D. Hardin's Division, XXII Corps, Department of Washington.
The original officers were Captain Robert B. Hampton, First Lieutenant James P. Fleming, First Lieutenant Nathaniel Irish, Second Lieutenant Alfred N. Harbours.
On 23 May 1862, Jackson's reinforced Confederates wiped one of Banks's garrisons in the Battle of Front Royal and threatened to cut off Banks's division from Winchester.
Banks ordered his outnumbered troops to retreat on 24 May from Strasburg and appointed John Porter Hatch to command his rearguard and burn any supplies that could not be carted off.
Hatch's command included the 1st Vermont Cavalry and 5th New York Cavalry Regiments, 10 companies from two more cavalry regiments, one howitzer from 4th U.S.
At 4:00 pm, one company of infantry, the depot guard, several cavalry companies, and Battery F found that Jackson's troops blocked the Valley Turnpike ahead of them at Middletown.
After Captain Hampton and the other officers conferred, the small Union force retreated south to Strasburg, covered by Battery F's four Parrott rifles.
One shell wounded eight soldiers from the 7th Louisiana Infantry Regiment while another exploded under Richard Taylor's horse without inflicting any injury.
Battery F found its way back to Banks's main force where it fought in the First Battle of Winchester on 25 May.
In the rout that followed, some Federal infantrymen complained that the fleeing cavalry and artillery threatened to trample those on foot.
The Union reported losses of 71 killed, 243 wounded, and 1,714 missing, though many sick soldiers were left behind in the hospitals.
At the start of the campaign, Battery F was assigned to Henry Bohlen's brigade which was part of Carl Schurz's 3rd Division in Franz Sigel's corps.
In August, Lieutenant Joseph L. Miller joined Battery F with 50 men and two guns, raising the total number of guns from four to six.
The Federals were suddenly attacked by Isaac R. Trimble's Confederate brigade which was soon joined by John Bell Hood's two brigades.
Battery F under Captain Hampton served with Alexander Schimmelfennig's brigade at the Second Battle of Bull Run on 28–30 August 1862.
Spotting Battery F moving from the right flank toward the left, Milroy ordered the first two-gun section to take position south of Groveton Woods.
During the Maryland Campaign, Battery F under Captain Hampton was part of the artillery belonging to Joseph K. Mansfield's XII Corps.
At the Battle of Antietam on 17 September, only four of seven of the XII Corps batteries went into action, including Hampton's.
At the Battle of Chancellorsville on 1–4 May 1863, Battery F was assigned to John W. Geary's 2nd Division in the XII Corps under Henry Warner Slocum.
When the XI Corps was routed on 2 May, Army of the Potomac commander Joseph Hooker ordered XII Corps artillery chief Clermont L. Best to form a battery facing west at the Fairview clearing.
On the morning of 3 May, Battery F with its six Parrott rifles formed part of the gun line at Fairview.
Some of the Fairview batteries were protected by earthen revetments, but those at the southern end of the line were not.
During the day's fighting, an enemy shell detonated one of Battery F's caissons and Captain Hampton was mortally wounded in the explosion.
At the Battle of Gettysburg on 1–3 July, the unit was converged with Independent Battery C, Pennsylvania Light Artillery under Captain James Thompson.
Batteries C and F fought as part of Freeman McGilvery's 1st Volunteer Artillery Brigade in the Army of the Potomac's Artillery Reserve commanded by Robert O. Tyler.
When the Army of the Potomac's commander George Meade discovered Sickles's mistake, it was too late to do anything but reinforce the thinly-spread III Corps.
The Army of the Potomac's artillery chief Henry Jackson Hunt ordered some batteries from his Artillery Reserve to move to the support of Sickles.
Private Casper R. Carlisle of Battery F earned the Medal of Honor for saving one of the battery's guns while under heavy fire.
On 3 July, during the Confederate artillery bombardment that preceded George Pickett's charge, Hunt wanted the Reserve Artillery to save their ammunition until the enemy infantry appeared.
McGilvery refused Hancock's command to order his brigade to fire, so Hancock tried to persuade the individual battery commanders to do so.
Battery F joined in the Army of the Potomac's advance from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan River on 13–17 September 1863.
The battery crossed the Rapidan at Germanna Ford and was engaged at Mine Run on 27–28 November and at White Hall Church on 29–30 November.
Battery F sustained losses of two officers and eight enlisted men killed and mortally wounded in action, while 14 enlisted men died of disease; there were 24 fatalities.
This body of water straddles the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau and Saint-Félix-d'Otis, in the Fjord-du-Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac des Cèdres is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The 1987 Purdue Boilermakers baseball team was a baseball team that represented Purdue University in the 1987 NCAA Division I baseball season.
The Boilermakers were members of the East Division of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Lambert Field in West Lafayette, Indiana.
Their berth in the 1987 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was the first trip to the NCAA Tournament in Purdue's history.
The Boilermakers finished the 1986 NCAA Division I baseball season 37–27 overall (9–7 conference) and second place in East division of the conference standings, qualifying for the 1986 Big Ten Conference Baseball Tournament, where they were swept out in the first round.
John Addison Scott (17 Mar 1906 – 27 Dec 1986), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
A wing three-quarter, O'Callaghan represented and at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1968.
After studying veterinary medicine at Massey University, O'Callaghan completed a master's degree at the National Veterinary School of Toulouse in France, where he played first for Stade Poitevin and then Stade Toulousain.
O'Callaghan then returned to Massey where he was on the faculty of the School of Veterinary Medicine, before moving to Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine for 10 years, including three years as head of department.
He then spent 15 years at Genzyme in Massachusetts as a research and development executive leader, before joining Audentes Therapeutics as senior vice president, preclinical development and translational medicine.
In 1990 he was a Research Fellow at the Violette and Samuel Glasstone of the University of Oxford, he remained at there until 1995.
In 1995 he became a senior research scientist at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, he served for a total of 7 years.
He joined the faculty of Peking University in April 1999, becoming the Yangzi Professor of Nanoscale Science and Technology in 1999, Director of the Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices in 2004, Head of the Department of Electronics in 2007, and Director of the Centre for Carbon based Nanoelectronics in 2015.
In August 2018 he was hired as Dean of the newly founded Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology Innovation, Xiangtan University.
Peng led the team to develop a high-performance 5 nm (nanometer) gate length carbon nanotube CMOS device, which can work at three times the speed of Intel's most advanced 14 nm commercial silicon transistors, but the energy consumption is only 1/4 of that.
The poison's effects on humans usually include drops in blood pressure, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, and multiple deaths have been associated with its use.
Kambo, which originated as a folk medicine practice among indigenous peoples of the Amazon, is also administered as an alternative medicine treatment in the West.
Proponents claim that kambo helps with any number of illnesses or injuries, but there is no scientific evidence that it is an effective treatment of any kind.
Kambo is traditionally practiced by Panoan-speaking indigenous groups in the southeast Amazon rainforest, such as the Mayoruna, Matse, Amahuaca, Kashinawa, Katukina, Yawanawá and the Kaxinawá.
This causes the frog to become stressed enough to activate its defence mechanism, secreting a substance containing peptides from its skin.
In native use, small dots are deliberately burned on the skin, and a small dose of the frog secretions is applied to the open wounds.
Outside South America, a kambo ceremony can involve just two people, the practitioner and participant, or a number of participants at once, which is known as a kambo circle.
There are usually yoga mats on the floor and the ceremony room, which is often the practitioner's living room, is heavily incensed.
During the ceremony the skin of the participant is deliberately burnt multiple times, usually on the upper arm or leg, by the practitioner using a smouldering stick or vine.
There is no solid medical evidence on how the frog toxins work, whether they are useful for treating anything, and whether they can be used safely.
The frog secretes a range of small chemical compounds of a type called peptides, which have a number of different effects.
When introduced to the body, these peptides cause intense effects including nausea and vomiting, incontinence, pain, dizziness, increased heart rate and euphoria.
Neuropsychiatric side effects, such as psychosis, seizures, confusion and memory loss, have been reported, as well as kidney damage and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
There have been some preclinical trials in mice and rats, but no phase-1 tests or clinical trials of safety in humans, .
Joaquim Luz, a Yamanawa leader, criticized commercial sales and the use of kambo without the preparation or permission of indigenous peoples, saying that users were put at risk, including the risk of death.
If you're feeling very anxious or very depressed ... you're automatically more vulnerable and you could be more susceptible to people advertising or marketing a quick fix.
He was born in 1961 in Niagara Falls, New York and died in 2015 at the age of 54 due to pancreatic cancer.
After his death, the John Chervinsky Emerging Photography Scholarship at the Griffin Museum of Photography was established with the intent to provide support and encouragement in the professional lives of emerging photographers; enhancing their ability to develop their personal vision for photography.
For 18 years Chervinsky ran a particle accelerator at Harvard University and went on to work at the Harvard’s Rowland Institute for Science, where he collaborated with various museums to analyze works of art using the elementary particle accelerator.
In the span of a year his wife, Kirsten Chervinsky, became ill, the 911 attacks on the World Trade Center occurred, and his friend Guy Pollard, a fellow photographer, died unexpectedly.
With the combinations of these three events, Chervinsky focused on studio photography that combined his love for the arts and physics.
He has also shown his work at the Spencer Museum of Art, the Georgia Museum of Art at the University of Georgia, the Fitchburg Art Museum, and the John Michael Kohler Arts Center.
He has had solo exhibitions at the Michael Mazzeo Gallery in New York City, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Art Gallery, Richard Levy Gallery, and the Blue Sky Gallery, also known as the Oregon Center for the Photographic Arts.
The concepts in his work address the correlation between rational, scientific explanations regarding existence and humankind's attempts to explain the world through belief systems.
A formative moment in his studio practice occurred when he contemplated drawing a circle in a square corner of a room; from a specific point of view, the chalk line looked round in a photograph.
The concept evolved to combine physics formulas, chalk, forced perspective with physical objects to create still life images that convey the laws of nature.
Cherivinsky would sometimes include actual scientific concepts into his works, for example, an image that referred to the presence of water on Mars.
All of these photos were in black and white, and were printed on matte paper giving them the look of a chalkboard.
The show traveled to the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, The Museum for Photography Vienna, the McCord Museum in Montreal, the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg, the C/O Berlin Foundation, and the National Museum of Singapore.
Cherivisnky would take a picture of a still life and would then send it to China for it to be painted.
Once the painting was received, Cherivisnky would position the painted proxy close to the original still life and rephotograph the tableau.
Chervinsky's photographic works are in the collections of the Portland Art Museum , the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston , the Wright State University Gallery Collection, the Steen Art Collection of the Harvard Business School, List Visual Art Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, among others.
Victória Kristine Albuquerque de Miranda (born 14 March 1998), simply known as Victória, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sport Club Corinthians Paulista and the Brazil women's national team.
Victória represented Brazil at the 2018 South American U-20 Women's Championship and two FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup editions (2016 and 2018).
Perry Raphael Rank (also known as, as a derivative of his Hebrew name [], Rafi Rank) is a Conservative rabbi serving Midway Jewish Center in Syosset, New York.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on December 16, 1954, Rank attended the University of Minnesota for his undergraduate degree and earned his MA and rabbinic ordination at the Jewish Theological Seminary in 1981.
Rank served, from his ordination until 1987, as the spiritual leader at Congregation Shomrei Emunah in Montclair, New Jersey, followed by twelve years as the Rabbi of Temple Beth Ahm (now merged and renamed as Temple Beth Ahm Yisrael) in Springfield, New Jersey.
During this time, he assisted in the RA's work in creating a centralized framework for conversion within Conservative Judaism, an effort not dissimilar from his prior work in New Jersey in working with other regional Conservative rabbis in education towards conversion.
In his position as a defender of Jewish law as understood within Conservative Jewish framework, Rank spoke at the 2004 March for Women's Lives about the halakhic understanding of when abortion becomes necessary.
Rank is married to Ellen Rank, a multi-award-winning Jewish educator, and is the father of film and TV producer Rami Rank, Wildlife Conservation Society research and evaluation associate Shuli Rank, and Rabbi Jonah Rank.
River, flowing in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Rivière des Cèdres is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
on northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Kazakhstan opened the semi-final on 19 November 2014, and placed third in a field of 25 countries with 198 points, thus qualifying for the final.
Kazakhstan performed third in the final on 21 November 2014, placing first in a field of 15 countries with 225 points.
Each country was represented by one juror who gave each song, with the exception of their own country's song, between 1 and 10 points.
George Ellis Pierce (13 Oct 1909 – 29 Jun 1981), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Pierce was born in 1909 to Dr. Claude Connor Pierce Sr. and Shirley Pierce (née Reeves) in Colón, Panama while Dr. Pierce was serving there with the United States Public Health Service.
His older brother John Reeves Pierce graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1928, and George followed him in 1932.
Pierce commanded the USS Tunny on her 7th, 8th, and 9th war patrol, being awarded the Navy Cross for the 8th and 9th war patrols.
Wang Qiuliang (; born 1965) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
He received his master's degree from the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991 and doctor of engineering degree from the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1994.
From 1996 to 1997, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology (South Korea), he worked at Korea Electric Research Institute.
In 2003 he became a guest professor at GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, but having held the position for only one year.
In December 2019, Wang led the team to successfully develop a superconducting magnet with a central magnetic field of 32.35 Tesla (T).
The magnet adopts the self-developed high-temperature inserted magnet technology, which breaks the world record of 32.0 Tesla superconducting magnet created by the National Strong Magnetic Field Laboratory of the United States in December 2017, marking that China's high field inserted magnet technology has reached the world's leading level.
Hypotransferrinemia, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which the body produces not enough transferrin, a plasma protein that transports iron through the blood.
Once believed to be a synonyme for atransferrinemia (the total absence of transferrin) today’s science is aware of the fact that hypotransferrinemia is a way more common phenotype of mutations in the HFE- und transferrin genes.
The presentation of this disorder entails brain damage, neurological conditions, heart dysfunctions, and any kind of symptoms that arise on the grounds of iron oxidation within human cells caused by non-transferrin (protein) bound iron (NTBI).
In terms of genetics of hypotransferrinemia researchers have identified mutations in the TF gene as a probable cause of this genetic disorder in affected people as well as mutations in one of the HFE-genes.
Due to a lack of sufficient transferrin excess iron deposits itself in the brain, heart, liver, skin, testicles and joints causes structural damages.
After Robert Wilkie's appointment as acting United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs by Donald Trump in 2018, Barna took over as acting Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.
He trekked on foot through the King Country in 1900, covered the Cheviot earthquake in 1901, and was part of two rescue missions to find wrecked ships on remote islands.
He travelled on horseback with surveyors mapping the proposed road between the East and West Coast of the South Island, and accompanied naturalists checking the growth of the Wapiti deer population in Fiordland.
Hinge climbed Mount Ruapehu to photograph the crater, and his photographs of Mount Cook are credited with helping open up the district to tourism.
Along with landscape images Hinge became known for his photographs of New Zealand’s pastoral industries and some lesser-known occupations – gum digging, oyster culture, possum trapping, fishing, deer stalking, and the timber industry were all popular subjects.
In 1919 he became the staff photographer at the Auckland Weekly News, and in 1920/1921 became the first to photograph Wellington from the air.
He covered all the Royal visits to New Zealand between the two world wars, and was in the first motor car to reach Murchison after the 1929 earthquake.
A first five-eighth and halfback, Strang represented at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1928 to 1931.
He played 17 matches for the All Blacks including five internationals, and captained the side in his final Test match, against Australia in 1931.
Zion () was a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Jewish history and ethnography, printed in the Hebrew language and published between the years 1935-2013 by the Historical Society of Israel and the Zalman Shazar Center.
It is situated in western Valhalla Provincial Park, east of Lucifer Peak, west of Devils Couch, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake.
The names of the peaks of this small compact range have a devil-related theme: Black Prince Mountain, Lucifer Peak, Mount Mephistopheles, Mount Diablo, Satan Peak, Devils Spire, and Devils Couch.
This peak's name was submitted by Pat Ridge of the Kootenay Mountaineering Club and officially adopted July 27, 1977, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
The first ascent of the peak was made in 1973 by Howie Ridge, Peter Wood, and G. Stein via the southeast ridge.
The Chicago Board of Censors was a film censorship committee based in Chicago that was founded in 1907 and was active well into the late 20th century.
District 24 covers the state's entire Atlantic coastline in Rockingham County, including the towns of Greenland, Hampton, Hampton Falls, Kensington, New Castle, North Hampton, Newton, Rye, Seabrook, Stratham, and South Hampton.
On the original novel, Jiang Ziya is depicted as a 72-year-old man who help the rulers of Xiqi Kingdom to turn over the Shang King Zhou, but in the film, Jiang Ziya looks like a middle-aged man who insists on following his heart despite having a complex past.
In an effort to contain the recent outbreak of Wuhan virus, distributors have pulled all films, including Jiang Zi Ya from its original schedule as of January 23, 2020.
Novak Djokovic defeated unseeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the final 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 7–6 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the Australian Open.
Yoibu Noinu Thumleima or Yoimoinu or Ema Emoinu Chahong Ngahongbi is the Manipuri goddess of salt, nutrition, wealth and prosperity in Sanamahism (Manipuri religion) and Manipuri mythology, worshipped by the Manipuri people (Meitei people) of Manipur.
She along with her sister goddesses including Phouoibi, Irai Leima and Ngareima, were sent down by their father to the earth to prosper the human civilization.
Salt is the main offerings along with religious rites and rituals to the goddess to seek her blessings for the multiplication of the offerings, salt (symbol for wealth and prosperity).
Baltasar Kormákur was the director, and the cast included Magnús Scheving, Selma Björnsdóttir, Steinn Ármann Magnússon, Ingrid Jónsdóttir, Jón Stefán Kristjánsson, Ólafur Guðmundsson, Magnús Ólafsson, Sigurveig Jónsdóttir, Sigurjón Kjartansson, Ari Matthíasson and Pálína Jónsdóttir.
The mayor receives a letter from the President telling about a sports competition in LazyTown that the residents have to compete in.
Tell er-Rameh or Tall el-Rama is a small mound in Jordan rising in the plain east of the River Jordan, about twelve miles from Jericho.
It has been identified as the location of Livias, but recent work has led to the theory that Tell er-Rameh was the commercial and residential centre of Livias, while the administrative centre was located at Tall el-Hammam.
Graves and Stripling add that, while Tell er-Rameh was the commercial and residential centre of Livias, the administrative centre was situated at nearby Tall el-Hammam.
Tall er-Rama had no natural water source, and some have argued that it received its water from the hot springs at Tall el-Hammam.
However, a few years later in 1977, a women's wheelchair basketball division was created in the National Wheelchair Basketball Association (NWBA).
However, a few years later in 1977, a women's wheelchair basketball division was created in the National Wheelchair Basketball Association (NWBA).
Cerro Tinte is a mountain of the Andes, which is located at the western end of the border between Bolivia and Argentina, near Uyuni, Potosí, Bolivia.
Cerro Tinte is part of a mountain range that serves as a border between Bolivia and Argentina, to which they belong the mountains of La Ramada, Bayo, Panizos, Limitajo, Vilama, Brajma and Zapaleri.
She is the first new USA women's elite category Cyclocross National Champion in 15 years, following the annual victories of Katie Compton since 2004.
Prior to the foundation of the statewide QRL Women's Premiership competition, the strongest competition in the state was the Southeast Queensland Women's Division 1.
The competition only featured sides from the southeast corner of the state, which forced players from central and northern Queensland to travel hours each week to take part or participate in weaker competitions.
On 21 November 2019, the Queensland Rugby League confirmed that they had begun taking expressions of interest from clubs wishing to participate in a statewide women's competition in 2020.
On the same day, the Burleigh Bears, who won four straight SEQ Women's Division 1 premierships from 2015 to 2018, confirmed that they would take part in the competition.
The nine-week competition will feature eight teams, six from southeast Queensland's Division 1 competition – Burleigh, Easts Tigers, Brothers Ipswich, Souths Logan Magpies, Tweed Heads Seagulls and the West Brisbane Panthers, and two from regional Queensland – the North Queensland Gold Stars and Central Queensland Capras.
The QRL Women's Premiership consists of eight teams, five from South East Queensland and one each from North Queensland, Central Queensland and Northern New South Wales.
The league operates on a single group system, with no divisions or conferences and no relegation and promotion from other leagues.
Collegiate a cappella arrived at Stanford University in 1963, when the Stanford Mendicants were founded by a transfer student from Yale University, the school where collegiate a cappella began.
The all-male Mendicants were followed by Stanford's second a cappella group, Counterpoint, the first all-female a cappella group on the West Coast.
By the 1990s, Stanford a cappella groups began receiving national recognition for their recorded music, created with audio engineer Bill Hare.
In 1995, Fleet Street won the 1995 national Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards for best album, best song, and best soloist.
She worked as an assistant researcher in psychology and an educational counsellor at Tokyo Bunrika University (now the University of Tsukuba).
Bindheswari Prasad Keshri was born in Pithoria in Ranchi district in Bihar Province in 1 July 1933 to Shivnarayan Sahu and Lagan Devi.
In library of Nagpuri Sansthan, there are 520 books in tribal and regional languages, 515 books and 192 magazines of English literature, 1556 books of hindi literature, 3392 magazines in Nagpuri.
Also there are 117 poems of 67 poets of Nagpuri language, biography of 645 Nagpuri poet and 35000 poems and 4000 folk song composed by them.
Martin competed for the alpine ski team of British Columbia from 2014 to 2017 before joining the Canadian ski cross team for Alpine Canada in 2017.
In ski-cross, Martin raced in six events of the 2018–19 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup and had two top nine finishes.
In championship events, Martin won gold at the 2018 FIS Freestyle Junior World Ski Championships and did not start the small final at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019.
Martin raced at the Nor-Am Cup predominately in the giant slalom and super G disciplines while also racing in downhill skiing, slalom skiing and alpine combined.
Her best results came in 2015, when she had a top-8 finish at the downhill event at Lake Louise and the alpine combined event in Panorama.
Her best results during the world cup were ninth place in Arosa, Switzerland and sixth place during the second day in Innichen, Italy.
High Pockets is a 1919 American silent Western film directed by Ira M. Lowry and starring Louis Bennison, Katherine MacDonald, William Black, Frank Evans, and Edward Roseman.
Black Prince Mountain is a mountain summit located in the Valhalla Ranges of the Selkirk Mountains in southeast British Columbia, Canada.
The names of the peaks of this small compact range have a devil-related theme: Lucifer Peak, Mount Mephistopheles, Devils Dome, Mount Diablo, Satan Peak, Devils Spire, and Devils Couch.
The first ascent of the peak was made in 1975 by R. Anderson, S. Baker, V. Joseph, and Peter Wood via the southwest ridge.
Joseph Richard Grah (born March 23, 1971) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer based in Los Angeles who has fronted multiple bands, most notably the Dallas-based alternative rock group Jibe.
Grah lived in Philadelphia until age eight when his family’s home was lost to a fire, from which he barely escaped.
As a child Joe played drums in the school band, and he gravitated to music as a source of constancy amidst his itinerant adolescence.
His family settled in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the mid 1980s where Joe started his first punk band, Crimes Against Humanity, at age 14.
He went on to drum for other local punk bands such as Morbid Truth, and Carnage, the latter of which opened a string of shows with Pantera.
On December 6, 1991 at age 20, Joe attended a concert by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Smashing Pumpkins and Pearl Jam in Kansas City, Kansas.
By 1993 Joe was living in Dallas, Texas and working at Guitar Center where he made connections with other local musicians and formed the band Jibe in early 1994.
Over the course of the next nine years, Jibe would issue three studio albums, and play over 2,500 concerts across the United States, sharing the stage with many of the top rock bands of the day.
Jibe was on the verge of making it big when the band suddenly announced their breakup in the summer of 2004.
Following the breakup of Jibe in 2004, Joe moved to Los Angeles and formed the band Loser with guitarist John 5.
From 2008 to 2010 Grah fronted the band South of Earth which included guitarist Geno Lenardo (Filter), bassist Bill Gower (Boy Hits Car), and drummer Joe Babiak (Kill Hannah).
The group recorded several songs during various sessions at Johnny K’s Groovemaster Studios in Chicago, and with producer Johnny Andrews in Atlanta, as well as with Danny Lohner in Los Angeles.
In 2012 Joe began recording and self-producing home demos for an electronic rock solo project he called Dead Girls Don’t Lie, and released several online singles from 2013 to 2015.
He assembled a live backing band and for the next two years performed locally in Los Angeles, including a show at The Roxy Theater, and a set at the Day of the Dead Festival in 2014.
Grah also fronts the band I Am The Wolf, a project which includes Charles Lee Salvaggio, who was also a member of Loser with Grah.
In May 2018 the band hit the road, joining Theory of a Deadman for a gulf coast tour, and also toured the west coast in August.
However Jibe reluctantly dropped out of the tour and again went on hiatus when Grah was seriously injured in a head-on collision while riding his motorcycle in Hollywood on October 8, 2018.
During his months long recovery from the motorcycle accident, Joe began writing and recording new solo songs in his home studio.
He self-produced the recordings, working with mixer Evan Rodinache (Flyleaf, Escape the Fate, Powerman 5000) and Grammy Award winning mastering engineer Bill Hare.
Instead of releasing the tracks simultaneously as an album, he decided to distribute them individually as singles on a monthly basis, with accompanying music videos.
Joseph G. Echols (c. 1916 – March 28, 1977) was an American football coach, college athletics administrator, and Negro league baseball player.
Echols served as the head football coach at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia from 1950 to 1954 and at Norfolk State University in Norfolk, Virginia from 1955 to 1960.
He was probably a Rhinelander, since he travelled with a certain Adolf from Cologne and he was familiar with the Palatine Chapel at Aachen.
In his introduction, he gives his work a spiritual purpose: to help bring Christ to mind for those who cannot see the Holy Places themselves and thereby to love and pity him, bringing themselves closer to heaven.
Dietrich's pilgrimage can be dated to between 1171 and 1173, during the reign of King Amalric of Jerusalem, when the Holy Places were under Christian control.
He may have made a detour to visit Nazareth, Tiberias and Mount Tabor, but his description of the Sea of Galilee is very confused.
His description of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre indicates that he was there during the renovations financed by the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.
Dietrich shows less interest in miracles and wonders, but does provide a first-hand account of the coming of the Holy Fire.
He is a member of the Chinese Nuclear Society (CNS), Chinese Nuclear Physics Society (CNPS), Chinese Institute of Electronics, and China Society of Radiation Protection.
La Veu de Catalunya (Catalonia voice) was a Catalan newspaper founded by Enric Prat de la Riba that was published in Barcelona from the first of January 1899 to 8 January 1937, with two editions daily.
It was the press organ for the ideological and political program of the Lliga Regionalista, and the conservative editorial line promoted the so-called Autonomia, the normality of the public use of the catalan language, and the Catalan school.
From a journalistic point of view, it was a modern newspaper, organized by sections, with correspondents and collaborators in the territory, and a team that combined young people and the best journalists of the time.
Also under that name, Valentí Almirall's Diari Català had previously been published, during one of the periods in which it was suspended, between 30 July and 28 August 1880.
The daily edition was started by Enric Prat de la Riba with a political orientation and in defense of the program of the Regionalist League.
In all cases, it ended up appearing with other names (La Creu de Catalunya, Diari de Catalunya, La Veu de Barcelona, El Poble Català, Baluard de Sitges, Costa de Ponent) to avoid the ban.
That event stimulate the creation of Catalan Solidarity, an alliance of Catalan parties that would triumph in the elections to the Parliament in 1907.
Its journalists will create the first ethical manuals and will establish precise internal instructions for the writing of articles, the contrast of sources and the design of the pages.
In this section appeared the first twenty-eight chants of Dante's Divine Comedy, translated by Josep Maria de Sagarra, with twenty-seven corresponding comments, but the Civil War truncated this enterprise.
In addition to Prat de la Riba, Josep Morató i Grau, Joaquim Pellicena i Camacho and Ramon d'Abadal i de Vinyals also were directors of the newspaper.
Jason Kaufusi (born February 27, 1979) is a former American football defensive end and the current outside linebackers coach for the UCLA Bruins.
Kaufusi was born on February 27, 1979 to Petelo and Eveline Kaufusi, both Tongan immigrants who came to the United States in 1972.
He played high school football at East High School in Salt Lake City, where his team won the Utah 4A state title in 1996, when Kaufusi was a senior.
Kaufusi played defensive end and tight end for East High; in his senior season, he caught 17 passes for 327 yards as a tight end and recorded 16 sacks as a defensive end.
Kaufusi began his coaching career in 2004, when he embarked on a four-year stint as an assistant coach at Cottonwood High School in Murray, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City.
Kaufusi went on to serve at Weber State as the defensive ends coach, where he spent the 2010 and 2011 seasons.
In 2012 and 2013, Kaufusi served as a defensive graduate assistant at BYU, where he was also the team's academic advisor.
Kaufusi returned to Weber State in 2014, and he went on to coach the defensive ends there for the 2014 and 2015 seasons.
After Weber State led the Big Sky Conference in total defense in the 2015 season, Kaufusi was promoted to defensive coordinator in 2016.
That same season, Weber State ranked first in the Big Sky Conference in passing defense, allowing a mere 193.5 yards per game, and five of the Wildcats' defensive players earned all-conference honors.
He was elected as a legislator of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly from Pungro Kiphire in 2003 as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
Ye Zhizhen (; born May 1955) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as a professor and doctoral supervisor at Zhejiang University.
He earned his bachelor's degree in 1982, an master's degree in 1984, and doctor's degree in 1987, all from Zhejiang University.
Although open to prospective students of all ethnicities, Oguns founded the institution with the intent of reaching out to black and minority actors and promoting the diversity of the real world on stage and onscreen, as well as holding casting directors account due to the lack of opportunity he'd found in his own early acting experiences.
However, the agency is a separate entity; not all students and alumni are necessarily represented by the agency, and not every actor represented by IAG is necessarily a student or alumnus of IDSA.
The Los Angeles branch of Identity School was launched in 2018 with alumni John Boyega, Letitia Wright, Malachi Kirby, Damson Idris, and Melanie Liburd as patrons of the new faculty.
The 2020 FFA Cup will be the seventh season of the FFA Cup, the main national soccer knockout cup competition in Australia.
32 teams will contest the competition proper (from the Round of 32), including 10 A-League teams and 22 Football Federation Australia (FFA) member federation teams determined through individual federation qualifying rounds, plus the reigning National Premier Leagues Champion (Wollongong Wolves).
A total of 32 teams are scheduled to participate in the 2020 FFA Cup competition proper, ten of which are from the A-League, one the 2019 National Premier Leagues Champion (Wollongong Wolves), and the remaining 21 teams from FFA member federations, as determined by the qualifying rounds.
The bottom two clubs in the 2019–20 A-League season will play-off for a spot in the Round of 32, and the new expansion A-League club (Macarthur FC) will not appear in the tournament until the following year.
A-League clubs represent the highest level in the Australian league system, whereas member federation clubs come from Level 2 and below.
FFA member federations teams compete in various state-based preliminary rounds to win one of 21 places in the competition proper (Round of 32).
With the exception of youth teams affiliated directly with A-League clubs, all Australian clubs are eligible to enter the qualifying process through their respective FFA member federation, however only one team per club is permitted entry in the competition.
The preliminary rounds operate within a consistent national structure whereby club entry into the competition is staggered in each state/territory, ultimately leading to round 7 with the winning clubs from that round gaining direct entry into the Round of 32.
The 2020 edition of the tournament sees South Australia increasing from 1 to 2 qualifying places while NSW loses one place.
Chinese used vehicle exporting is a grey market international trade involving the export of used cars and other vehicles from China to other markets around the world.
With 300 million cars in China, Chinese vehicles are now entering the used vehicle market overseas to boost demand for the domestic market.
According to the African Courier, it's suggested that the export of used cars is a way to deepen implementations to the Belt and Road Initiative.
The Automotive industry in China had contracted when vehicle sales declined with 28 million vehicles in 2018, which represented an annual drop of 2.76%.
This was the first decline in the industry seen since 1990 due to falling sales and the effects of the China–United States trade war with US$200 billion raised on Chinese-made products.
The concept of exporting used Chinese-made vehicles were made public in April 2019 when the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security, and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued a public notice on Supporting the Export of Used Cars in Conditionally Mature Areas.
In May 6, 2019, it was reported that the Chinese Ministry of Commerce officially announced the approval of legally exporting used Chinese vehicles in an effort to increase domestic sales and promote trade in the automotive market.
MOFCOM has mentioned that they'll work in identifying companies that can handles vehicle exports and for testing standards to ensure that the used cars are sold safely.
In a MOFCOM press conference on May 9, 2019, it was mentioned that it is working with officials from the General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to administer export licensing for vehicles shipped out of China.
On July 2019, it was announced that the first exports consisted of 300 used cars for Cambodia, Myanmar, Nigeria and Russia from Guangdong.
On September 3, 2019, Tianjin had exported 60 used vehicles with a value of US$700,000 from the Dongjiang Free Trade Port Zone to the Port of Apapa in Nigeria.
On November 2019, an export of 500 used cars were reported to be sold to Benin for US$3 million from Guangdong.
A statement released by Guangdong Good Car Holdings Co. Ltd. on November 21, 2019 says that it was the most valuable order received for the export of used cars.
Ten cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, were announced to be designated areas where used vehicles can be legally exported from.
Sales of used Chinese vehicles to emerging markets would drive down prices, it would make an impact on new cars being sold and manufactured.
This gives Chinese vehicle manufacturers a chance to sell any vehicles that may run into trouble with the State VI vehicle emission standards that were implemented on July 1, 2019.
The market allows the vehicles to be exported to countries that do not have strict standards for vehicles used in their own markets.
For instance, the United States does not allow the import of a vehicle unless it's 25 years old and most newer Chinese vehicles made domestically were only made from 1994.
In Myanmar, the Myanma Ministry of Commerce announced strict guidelines on used car exports from China in order to crack down on vehicles that are being sold from China, but are not made in China.
Proof that Chinese vehicles sold through imports, new or used, are required to have certified papers that shows that they were manufactured in China.
The First Temptation of Christ () is a 2019 Brazilian comedy web television special produced by the comedy troupe Porta dos Fundos.
The Christmas special has faced backlash over its satirical depictions, which imply Jesus has a gay lover and Mary smokes marijuana.
Some have petitioned for the show's removal and advocated boycotts of Netflix over the perceived blasphemy; the creators maintain the protests are homophobic.
In January 2020, Dias Toffoli, the president of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, intervened on the attempted censorship of the film, overruling a judge from the Rio Court of Justice who ordered the film's withdrawal from the streaming platform.
Though the city currently has no National Football League team (it supported the Milwaukee Badgers in the 1920s), Milwaukee is considered a home market for the Green Bay Packers.
The team split its home schedule between Green Bay and Milwaukee from 1933 to 1994, with the majority of the Milwaukee games being played at Milwaukee County Stadium.
The 1939 Championship between the Packers and the New York Giants was played at State Fair Park in what is currently known as the Milwaukee Mile.
The Packers final post-season game in Milwaukee was a 1967 divisional playoff against the Los Angeles Rams which the Packers won convincingly 28-7.
After the team folded following the season (largely due to being left broke because of a $500 fine by the NFL for using four high-school players in a game against the Chicago Cardinals, a game arranged after the Badgers had disbanded for the season), many of its members played for the independent semi-pro Milwaukee Eagles.
Although City Stadium in Green Bay was the Packers' official home field, in 1933 they began to play some of their home games in Milwaukee to attract more fans and revenue.
After hosting one game at Borchert Field in 1933, the Packers played two or three home games each year in Milwaukee, at Wisconsin State Fair Park from 1934–1951, Marquette Stadium in 1952, and Milwaukee County Stadium from 1953–1994., after which the Packers moved back to Green Bay permanently.
The infield of the quarter-mile dirt infield track at the Mile near the current media center was also the location of a football stadium, informally known as the Dairy Bowl.
It hosted the Green Bay Packers from 1934 through 1951, including the NFL championship game in 1939, a 27–0 shutout of the New York Giants on December 10 to secure a fifth league title.
Marquette Stadium hosted three games during the 1952 season; Packer games in Milwaukee were moved to nearby Milwaukee County Stadium when it opened in 1953.
In order to improve revenue, the Packers began playing one or two home games a year at the newly constructed Milwaukee County Stadium, a practice that continued through .
With City Stadium greatly outdated, and more and more opponents asking for their games against the Packers to be played in Milwaukee, the NFL required the Packers to build a new stadium if they wanted to stay in Green Bay..
The Packers and the city of Green Bay complied, building a brand-new 32,000-seat stadium, naming it New City Stadium (currently known as Lambeau Field).
The new stadium was dedicated in a game against the Chicago Bears, with many celebrities attending, including actor James Arness, NFL commissioner Bert Bell, vice president (and future U.S. president) Richard Nixon, and Bears coach George Halas.
The Packers played two to four home games per year at Milwaukee County Stadium from 1953 to 1994, Milwaukee County Stadium hosted at least one pre-season game annually during this time as well (except 1983), including the Upper Midwest Shrine Game.
By 1995, multiple renovations to Lambeau Field made it more lucrative for the Packers to play their full home slate in Green Bay again for the first time since 1932.
Milwaukee County Stadium was partly responsible for Lambeau Field's existence, as it was not only intended to lure an MLB team to Milwaukee (which it successfully did in when the Boston Braves moved to Milwaukee from 1953-1965 before moving again to Atlanta; and again in 1970, when the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and became the Brewers), but also to lure the Packers to Milwaukee full-time.
As originally constructed, Milwaukee County Stadium was double the size of the Packers' then-home, City Stadium, leading the NFL to give the Packers an ultimatum—build a bigger stadium or move to Milwaukee.
The Minnesota Vikings (15 times) were the Packers' most frequent foe at Milwaukee County Stadium, as the Packers would traditionally host at least one divisional rival from the NFC Central in Milwaukee each season.
The Packers' final game in Milwaukee was a 21–17 victory over the Atlanta Falcons on December 18, 1994; with 14 seconds left, the winning 9-yard touchdown run was scored by quarterback Brett Favre.
The Packers hosted one NFL playoff game at Milwaukee County Stadium, in 1967, defeating the Los Angeles Rams 28–7 in the Western Conference championship game.
It was the first year that the NFL playoffs expanded to a four teams, and Green Bay had home field advantage for both rounds, then awarded by rotation.
Following the unsuccessful effort to lure the Packers to Milwaukee full-time, in 1965 city officials tried to lure an American Football League expansion team to play at Milwaukee County Stadium, but Packers head coach Vince Lombardi invoked the team's exclusive lease as well as sign an extension to keep some home games in Milwaukee through 1976.
Nonetheless, city officials still pursued an AFL franchise, possibly to play at Marquette Stadium, but the AFL–NFL merger effectively quashed any chances of Milwaukee landing its own team.
The playing surface was just barely large enough to fit a football field, which ran parallel with the first base line.
The south end zone extended onto the warning track in right field, while the north end zone extended into foul territory on the third-base side.
At its height, it seated less than 56,000 for football—just over the NFL's minimum seating capacity—and many seats had obstructed views or were far from the field.
The first of these emanations is the hero-god Vāsudeva, with the other emanations being his kinsmen presented as extensions of Vāsudeva himself.
Originally, several of these earthly deities, particularly Vāsudeva, seem to have formed one of several major independent cults, together with the cults of Narayana, Shri and Lakshmi, before they later coalesced to form Vishnuism.
The heroes would then have evolved into Vaishnavite deities through a step-by-step process: 1) deification of the Vrishni heroes 2) association with the God Narayana-Vishnu 3) incorporation into the Vyuha concept of successive emanations of the God.
Epigraphically, the deified status of Vāsudeva in particular is confirmed by his appearance on the coinage of Agathocles of Bactria (190-180 BCE) and by the devotional character of the Heliodorus pillar inscription (circa 110 BCE).
Starting with the art of Mathura, Vāsudeva (avatar of Vishnu) fittingly appears in the center of the sculptural compositions, with his decorated heavy mace on the side and a conch shell in the hand, his elder brother Balarama to his right under a serpent hood and holding a drinking cup, his son Pradyumna to his left, and his grandson Aniruddha on top.
It is dated to the 2nd century BCE on stylistic grounds, being quite similar in style to the monumental Yaksha statues.
The figure on the reverse is devoid of ornamentation, the hair is parted in the middle and falls loosely, but both arms are broken, making it impossible to identify their attributes.
This seems to prefigure the Vishnu Chaturmurti, in which Vishnu, crowned with a halo, is also flanked by the images of Narasimha and Varaha, with Kāpila in back as seens in the examples from Kashmir.
The general style of the figures is quite similar to that of the early Yakshas, and it has been suggested that their role might have been understood as parallel: just as the Yakshas are considered as emanations of the Supreme deity Brahman, the four Vyuhas are similarly emanations of Narayana.
Zhang Yue (; born November 1958) is a Chinese materials scientist currently serving as a professor and vice-president of the University of Science and Technology Beijing.
After the resumption of college entrance examination, he entered Wuhan University of Water Resources and Electric Power (now Wuhan University), where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in February 1982.
In September 1987, he was accepted to the University of Science and Technology Beijing, where he received his doctor of engineering degree in October 1993.
He carried out postdoctoral research at Wuhan University of Technology (now Wuhan University of Technology) from October 1993 to October 1995.
In February 1982, he became an assistant at Wuhan University of Science and Technology, he served for a total of five years.
He joined the faculty of the University of Science and Technology Beijing in October 1995, what he was promoted to professor in 1995 and to doctoral supervisor in 1998.
In 2000 Anthony Mason Fellowship financed his research at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales.
From January 2001 to February 2002, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) found funds for his research at Tohoku University, Tokyo University, Tokyo University of Technology, Osaka University, and Kyoto University.
He is the namesake of a defeated law, Wynn's Law, that would have made it more difficult for suspects to make bail if they had a criminal history.
Before becoming a police officer, Wynn was a paramedic for Emergency Health Services in Bridgewater, NS from between 1996 and 2009.
He had been undergoing a routine check of the license plates in the parking lot — a common task on a slow night such as that one — when he found a plate that was not registered to the truck it was on.
The bill was to make changes to the Criminal Code that would have made it mandatory to disclose a suspect's criminal history during a bail hearing.
It was named after Wynn because his killer Shawn Rehn had been out on bail at the time of the shootings, despite having many previous charges.
It was argued that these previous charges should have been disclosed at Rehn's bail hearing, and that such a change may have prevented Wynn's death.
The bill was championed by Wynn's wife Shelly, who at times through the process voiced her displeasure at the Liberal government, who were accused of opposing the bill on political grounds.
The Charlotte area has historically been home to several lower-division soccer teams, dating back to the Carolina Lightnin' in the early 1980s.
The Lightnin' won the American Soccer League championship in 1981, played in front of 20,163 people at American Legion Memorial Stadium.
After the league folded in 1983, the team played for one season as the Charlotte Gold in United Soccer League before ceasing operations.
Professional soccer did not return to Charlotte until the founding of the Charlotte Eagles in 1991, who joined the USISL in 1993.
Charlotte was on the list of cities interested in joining Major League Soccer (MLS) in 1994, prior to the league's inaugural season, but was not awarded a franchise.
Charlotte was also named as a potential home for an expansion team in 1996 and 1998, but passed over in favor of other cities.
Since a renovation to Bank of America Stadium in 2014, the city has hosted several friendly and international matches, including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and the International Champions Cup, which drew strong attendance figures.
The area also has a large soccer-playing population, centered around recreational leagues that have led other efforts to attract a professional team to Charlotte.
A separate professional team, the Charlotte Independence, was founded in 2014 and replaced the Eagles in the second division (now named the USL Championship).
The Independence's ownership group had expressed their goal of winning an MLS expansion team when the club was founded, and proposed a major renovation to American Legion Memorial Stadium in 2015 that would make it into soccer-specific stadium.
The team hired a sports investment firm in October 2016 to advertise the MLS bid to potential investors while preparing further stadium plans.
A separate Charlotte bid was formed in late 2016 by Marcus G. Smith of Speedway Motorsports, the owners of the Charlotte Motor Speedway, with support from local business leaders.
The bid proposed building a new stadium at the Legion Stadium site with 20,000 to 30,000 seats that would cost $175 million, including $87.5 million funded by the city and county governments and a $75 million loan to the ownership group.
The Mecklenburg County Board of Commissioners voted 5–3 in favor of the stadium plan, while the Charlotte City Council decided against a vote on the issue before the bid deadline on January 31, 2017.
Several league officials toured Charlotte in July 2017, but the city council and county commissioners both canceled their meetings during the tour.
Charlotte also faced competition from a bid submitted by Raleigh, North Carolina, who were also part of the twelve-city shortlist and had support from the state government.
The Mecklenburg County government voted in August against their financial contribution to the stadium project in favor of deferring the issue to the city government, who declined to vote on the issue.
Hedge fund manager and billionaire David Tepper became the owner of the National Football League's Carolina Panthers in July 2018 and suggested his interest in bringing Major League Soccer to Charlotte.
Glick was placed in charge of organizing an MLS expansion bid for Tepper, who had several meetings with league officials before the next bidding window was opened in April 2019.
Tepper presented a formal expansion bid for Charlotte to the league in July 2019, shortly before meetings with league officials and additional tours of Bank of America Stadium.
He announced plans in September to upgrade the existing Bank of America Stadium to make it suitable for an MLS team, which would include up to $210 million in contributions from the city government.
In November, MLS commissioner Don Garber named Charlotte as the frontrunner to earn the slot for the 30th team, praising Tepper's efforts and the bid's plans.
The Charlotte City Council approved $110 million in stadium and franchise funding in late November, using revenue from a hospitality tax.
The expansion team was officially awarded to Charlotte by MLS at an event at the Mint Museum on December 17, 2019, and is set to begin play in 2021.
The expansion fee to be paid by Tepper is reported to be near $325 million, a 62.5 percent increase from what was paid by the successful bids for St. Louis and Sacramento earlier in the year.
In December 2019, several media outlets reported that Tepper Sports had submitted a trademark filing that included eight potential names: Charlotte FC, Charlotte Crown FC, Charlotte Fortune FC, Charlotte Monarchs FC, Charlotte Athletic FC, Charlotte Town FC, Carolina Gliders FC, and All Carolina FC.
The bid organizers signed a multi-year agreement with Ally Financial in July 2019 to be the kit sponsor for the then-unannounced MLS team.
The team will play at Bank of America Stadium, a 75,525-seat American football venue that is the home of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League.
A major renovation, to be partially funded by the city government, is planned to accommodate soccer at the stadium, including new locker rooms and a center tunnel.
The team plans to only use the lower bowl and club sections of the stadium, capping capacity at around 40,000 seats.
The team's headquarters and practice facilities are planned to be located on the former site of the Eastland Mall, a city-owned property.
Former Carolina Dynamo head coach Marc Nicholls was named the club's technical director in January 2020 and will direct the youth academy system.
Unraced as a 2 year old, Nakeeta Jane made her debut at Randwick Racecourse as a 3 year old finishing a half length second at the odds of 20/1.
During the race she had no luck in running, but overcame all difficulties to score a half head win for jockey Josh Parr.
After three unsuccessful runs further into her preparation, the horse was spelled with the plan to resume racing in the Spring Racing Carnival.
Upon retirement, Nakeeta Jane was sold to Coolmore Stud, where in her first year she will be served by US Triple Crown winner, Justify.
The four towers will have a connecting multi-level plaza with themed restaurants and bars, events facilities, a screening room, fitness centers, swimming pools, kids club and retail zone based on Paramount-branded products.
One tower will feature the Paramount Hotel and Residences while the other three will house the DAMAC Maison–Paramount co-branded serviced residences.
Paramount Hotel Dubai is a hotel in Dubai taking up one of the four towers in the DAMAC Towers by Paramount Hotels & Resort skyscraper complex.
The Dangerous Age is a collaborative studio album by Australian recording artists Kate Ceberano, Steve Kilbey and Sean Sennett, released on 31 January 2020.
Reverend Andrew Stritmatter (33 October 1847 - 22 November 1880) was a missionary with the Methodist Episcopal Church in China from 1867-1880.
At Ohio State, the Reverend Mr. Brown, a missionary of many years in India came to speak and upon hearing his lecture, Stritmatter was convinced of his calling to missionary work.
On the journey he met Lucinda Combs, who had been appointed by the Women's Foreign Missionary Society (Philadelphia) to Peking, China and who would later become his wife.
Due to her commission as a missionary, however, they were not able to continue their relationship and were separated upon arrival in China.
After Lucinda's contract with the Women's Foreign Missionary Society came to a close, the couple, who had stayed in contact after their separation, married on November 19, 1877 in Shaughai.
He did not finish the journey home and died on November 22, 1880 in Denver, Colorado at just 33 years old.
A Cool Fish () is a 2018 Chinese comedy drama film directed and co-written by , and starring Chen Jianbin, , , and .
The film tells the story of several nobodies, including a cop-turned-security guard Ma Xiaoyong, his sister Ma Jiaqi, and two thieves Li Haigen and Hu Guangsheng.
She is Professor and Navin and Pratima Doshi Chair in Indian Studies in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles.
She earned a master's degree in archaeology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1988 and completed her Ph.D. in anthropology at the University of Michigan in 1997.
After postdoctoral work at the University of Arizona, Southern Methodist University, and the Smithsonian Institution, she became an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh in 2000.
In 1991, he was appointed collection director, overseeing the photography program for the publisher Éditions du Seuil, where he remained until 2007.
It contains photographs of the Southeastern United States made over more than twenty years—Mora and his wife left France in 1972 to teach French language in public schools in Louisiana.
In fact, the Prime Minister stated that if the UWI was not willing to be a partner to establish a university in Antigua and Barbuda, he would seek another partner.
As the UWI vice-chancellor noted, the post-secondary education participation rate of students of the OECS sub-region was significantly below that of the countries with landed campuses and even the rest of the hemisphere.
Data backs up that the average tertiary gross enrolment rates (GER) for Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago are much higher than the GERs for other contributing countries that do not have a landed campus.
The ability to complete the first one or two years of a degree or even a full degree in a student's home country is a siginficant cost saving for the student and the government, where it provides student financial assistace.
However, the Prime Minister is continuing to seek funding to expand the campus, including a possible USD 20 million donation from China.
On 27 May 2019, the University Finance and General Purposes Committee (UF&GPC) of the UWI System approved the establishment of Five Islands campus.
The first group of 147 admitted students were matriculated on 27 September 2019 and are currently pursing studies in the Schools of Humanities and Education; Management, Sciences and Technology; and Health and Behavioural Sciences.
The UWI Five Islands campus is sited 7.5 km from the capital, St. John's, co-located with a campus of the Antigua State College.
The building itself was originally built by a Chinese state construction firm for a secondary school that was never opened, due to a change of government.
As many of these students are enrolled in the first two years of franchised UWI programmes, they will be able to complete their degree programmes without having to leave the country.
Harvard University has expressed willingness with UWI Five Islands to work out cooperation arrangements that would benefit the University, in acknowledgment of Harvard University’s historical relationship with slavery, particularly confronting past injustices and their legacies.
The Harvard Law School was founded on an endowment in 1815 that was funded from slavery on the Isaac Royall Jr.’s plantation on Antigua.
Tuition for Bachelor’s degree programmes at UWI Five Islands is the lowest among all the landed units of the UWI System.
In an effort to make the University more attractive, the Government of Antigua and Barbuda said it will be offering scholarships to students from across six countries of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).
During these years, he created numerous small to medium projects for the local churches and nobility, including series of busts for the Potocki and Sapieha families, as well as busts of nine Polish kings, based on their tombstones.
After the uprising had been quashed, he restored the 18th century tomb of Cardinal and completed the tombstone for General Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki that had been left unfinished by Władysław Oleszczyński.
As before, his studio became a meeting place for many young artists and intellectuals, including the sculptors Tadeusz Błotnicki, and .
Having long suffered from alcoholism, he became severely depressed and committed suicide, while away from home, performing conservation work in Warsaw.
The 1996 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 1995 and the beginning of 1996.
In 1952, he was made a Companion of the Imperial Service Order, an award given to retiring staff of the Civil Service who had given long and meritorious service.
Organized by USA Track and Field (USATF), the two-day competition took place from February 14 to February 15 and serves as the national championships in track and field for the United States.
The heptathlon and pentathlon being contested as part of the 2020 USATF Indoor Combined Events Championships will be held February 7-8, 2020 at the United States Naval Academy’s Wesley Brown Field House in Annapolis, Maryland.
The 2020 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships serve as the qualification meet for United States representatives in international competitions, including the 2020 IAAF World Indoor Championships from 13 to 15 March 2020 in Nanjing, China.
In order to be entered, athletes need to achieve a qualifying standard mark and place in the top 2 in their event and top 12 in the world.
The United States team, as managed by USATF, can also bring a qualified back up athlete in case one of the team members is unable to perform.
Additionally, defending 2019 IAAF World Indoor Tour Winner (received a wildcard spot subject to ratification by their country) and World Champions received byes into the 2020 World Championships.
Gimli Peak is a 2,806-meter (9,206-foot) mountain summit located in the Valhalla Ranges of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
According to Norse mythology, Gimli is the place where the righteous survivors of Ragnarök (doomsday when heaven and earth are destroyed) are foretold to live.
Islam Abdullayev (also known as Segah Islam) (, December 1876 — 22 September 1964) was an Azerbaijani khananda, Honored Art Worker of the Azerbaijan SSR.
So he learned from such artists as Mir Mohsun Navvab, Haji Husu, Mashadi Isi, Mirza Mukhtar Mammadov, Dali Ismayil, and Keshtazly Hashim, and performed with the accompany of Sadigjan.
The first Segah performance by Islam Abdullayev was at the wedding of Sadigjan's son, after this performance he became more famous.
Shortly before the end of his life he moved to Agdam, and taught mugham in a music school and became the teacher of many singers.
In such cases, immunohistochemistry using CD138 and p53 can be used for distinction, both being negative in Toker cells and positive in Paget's disease.
There were several team changes for the 2020 league season with Armadale Devils located in Edinburgh entered a team into the league.
However, Cradley Heathens did not enter a team and Stoke Potters' home venue at Loomer Road Stadium had been sold and that the team would not be operating in 2020.
Although Kent Kings moved up a division into the 2020 SGB Championship, they retained a team in the National Development League.
At the National Development League AGM in December 2019, the team averages were increased to 39.00 points per team, with a minimum average per rider also increased to 3.00.
Marco Andreas Streng (born 1989) is a German businessman, and the chief executive officer and co-founder of Genesis Group, a cryptocurrency business based in Iceland that is one of the largest bitcoin and ether mining operations.
His interest in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology developed while he was at university when he set up a mining operation in his student accommodation that was copied by other students.
In 2014 he co-founded Genesis Mining, a cryptocurrency mining business that is based on a former U.S. military site in Iceland because of the low energy and premises costs in that country.
In 2016, Streng founded the Logos Fund, registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, that was described by Reuters as the first regulated fund for bitcoin and cryptocurrency mining in the world.
He is the vice-chairman and co-founder of Hive Blockchain Technologies Limited, and the joint founder with the British technology investor Christopher Harborne of Singular AI Consulting Limited.
Prior to that appointment, she served as the Senior Special Assistant to the President of Nigeria on Internally Displaced Persons .
She is a member of the five-man Board of Trustees for the North East Children Trust (NECT), where she serves in the capacity as the Executive Secretary , and a visiting lecturer at the African Leadership Center (ALC) of Kings College, London.
In 2013, Mariam became an Archbishop Desmond Tutu Leadership Fellow , and in 2015 she obtained a Post Graduate Diploma in Organizational Leadership from the University of Oxford UK.
Then, she traveled to the United States to pursue a Post Doctorate degree from John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
There, she carried out primary research on the burden of disease from road traffic injuries in Sub Saharan Africa, and South Asia.
She returned to Nigeria where she served as an Executive Secretary for the Arrive Alive Road Safety Initiative and became the World Health Organization (WHO) country consultant on Road Traffic Injury Prevention in Nigeria.
While she served in that capacity, she doubled as a board member of the World Health Organization (WHO) MENTOR-VIP core group.
Mariam has served in the public sector for over twelve years, starting as the Senior Special Assistant to the 13 Governor of Lagos State on Transport Education, where she worked on transport sector reform through human capacity development.
In June 2015, Mariam was appointed the role of Senior Special Assistant to the President of Nigeria on Internally Displaced Person by the Buhari Administration.
She served as the Project Lead for the execution of the Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) on behalf of the Federal Government of Nigeria in collaboration with World Bank, European Union and United Nations where she developed the report which was used as the basis for producing the North East development plan.
Nawaf Al-Otaibi (; born 22 September 1993) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for MS League club Al-Nahda.
On 11 June 2018, Al-Otaibi renewed his contract with Hajer keeping him at the club until the end of the 2018–19 season.
He's also the Executive Chairman and CEO of Brookside Dairy Limited which is owned in part by the Kenyatta family and Danone.
He is credited with playing a pivotal role in the acquittal of his brother from the International Criminal Court, where Uhuru Kenyatta was on trial for crimes against humanity.
12 November 1925, Trunovskoye – d. 25 March 2013, Stavropol Krai) was a decorated Russian soldier who fought on the Eastern Front of World War II.
At the time he was awarded the Order of Glory 1st Degree, Apalkov a reconnaissance officer of the 110th Guards Rifle Regiment.
For the capture of another German trench, in East Prussia, on 18 March 1945, Apalkov was ordered the Order of Glory 1st Degree on 29 June 1945.
With that commendation, by order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Apalkov was a full member of the Order of Glory.
On the professional circuit he reached a career high singles ranking of 239 in the world and made his only ATP Tour main draw appearances at the 1998 Croatia Open Umag, as a qualifier.
Her family moved to New Zealand from Canada in 1972 when she was five years old, after her father completed a PhD and was offered a post-doctoral position at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in Hamilton.
Rahman was a founding member of the Islamic Women's Council when it was established in 1990 and served as its first secretary.
She is also a founding member of the Hamilton Ethnic Women's Centre (known commonly as Shama) and has served as a trustee on its board since 2002.
In media interviews following the attack, she voiced frustration at the failure of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service to take concerns about violence towards the Muslim community, Islamophobia and the rise of the alt-right in New Zealand seriously.
She made submissions and presentations to a parliamentary select committee on behalf of the Islamic Women's Council in support of gun law changes, saying that the tightening of those laws would prevent violence towards vulnerable communities.
Rahman stood as a candidate for the Hamilton City Council in 2013, and as a list candidate for the New Zealand Labour Party at the , and 2014 general elections.
In the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours, Rahman was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to ethnic communities and women.
The University of the West Indies Open Campus (UWIOC) is a public and distance only, research university headquartered Cave Hill, Barbados.
Its main campus is located inside the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, but remains a distinct and separate institution.
It brought together several existing UWI units, namely the University of the West Indies Distance Education Centre (UWIDEC), the School of Continuing Studies (originally the Extra Mural Department), the Tertiary Level Institutions Unit, and the Office of the Board for Non-Campus Countries & Distance Education (BNNCDE).
As it developed into the School of Continuing Studies, it eventually incorporated the Caribbean Child Development Centre, the Hugh Lawson Shearer Trade Union Education Institute, the Human Resources Development Unit, the Social Welfare Training Centre and the Women and Development Unit.
The University of the West Indies Distance Teaching Experiment (UWIDITE) was an initiative funded by a USD 600,000 grant from USAID.
The telecommunications system was first used in St. Lucia, Dominica, Antigua and Grenada to provide access to courses in non-campus territories.
At the same time, there was a Challenge Examinations scheme that allowed students to undertake initial (first year) studies in their home territories before joining one of the three campuses.
This Campus was provided with additional financial, human, technology and administrative resources and a structure that was intended to better serve non-campus territories.
Aside from the main campus in Barbados, UWIOC maintains presence in 17 English-speaking countries and territories in the Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
The country sites conduct marketing and recruit new students, facilitate some face to face courses, provide spaces for studying, and some have UWI library branches.
The Open Campus offers a wide range of programmes in both distance mode and face-to-face mode at one of its many regional learning centres.
At the undergraduate level, the Open Campus offers programmes at the certificate, diploma, associate and bachelor levels in fields such as education, business and public administration, sports, technology, humanities and social sciences.
Similarly, at the graduate level, the Open Campus offers programmes at the advanced certificate, postgraduate diploma, masters and doctoral levels in similar areas.
The Campus includes courses and certificates that would be considered part of continuing and professional education, prior learning assessment, and summer school courses.
The range was formerly a remote area, first explored by Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz during the East Siberian Expedition of 1855.
The Turan is a range in northeastern Siberia, located in the southeastern end of Amur Oblast and the southwestern side of Khabarovsk Krai.
The Turan Range divides the catchment area of the Selemdzha River (a tributary of the Zeya River) to the west, and the Bureya River (a tributary of the Amur River) to the east.
The range runs in a roughly NNE/SSW direction for about , and its northeastern part is deeply dissected by river valleys.
To the north the mountain chain connects with the Ezop Range (Езоп) and to the west and the southwest lies the Zeya-Bureya Lowland.
The slopes of the range are covered by conifer forests, such as larch, fir and spruce up to altitudes ranging between and .
The issue was whether this was a payment of freight in advance, or a loan at no interest for costs attendant on preparing the vessel for the voyage, to be repaid after the vessel's return.
John Robin Roy (23 March 1914 – 1980) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Ipswich Town, Mansfield Town, Norwich City, Notts County, Sheffield Wednesday and Tranmere Rovers.
It is found on Al Rayyan Road in the Al Sadd district of Doha, opposite of Hamad Hospital in Hamad Medical City.
The establishment of MBZUAI is part of the United Arab Emirates strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031, for which came the appointment of the world's first Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence.
The university will provide admitted students with a full scholarship, including benefits such as a monthly allowance, health insurance, and accommodation.
Pratt competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England and the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia finishing 6th in both championships.
She was the first ever British athlete to win a gold medal in the 100 metres hurdles at the World Junior Championships, winning in Annecy, France in 1998.
The coat of arms of the Greater Poland Voivodeship is a white eagle in the red field with a golden band on the tail, a golden band ending with a three-leafed triangle over the wings, with the same beak, tongue, and claws.
The first building he designed was a house in Elgin, Illinois in 1892, which was built for George Richardson, the superintendent of David C. Cook Publishing.
Postle designed many buildings in Elgin, including Lords Park Pavilion and the Elgin Public Museum, both local historic landmarks, as well as the David C. Cook Publishing Building, the old Elgin High School, the Masonic Temple, and dozens of homes.
Postle designed the Pattington Apartments in Chicago in 1902, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Postle later partnered with John Baptiste Fischer, and designed an addition to the Downey-Farrell Company factory building in Chicago in 1917, and additions to the Elgin Watch Company factory in 1920.
He designed many buildings in Los Angeles County in the 1920s, including the Self Help Graphics & Art building, utilizing the popular revival styles of the era.
I felt when we first started doing it that it was a bit simplistic for those who are slightly more cynical and 'cool'.
It is an independent church that belongs regionally to the Northern Europe Central Conference of the United Methodist Church and to the United Methodist Church Nordic and Baltic Episcopal Area.
According to the statistics from the Estonian Council of Churches, based on the numbers submitted by the member churches, there were 1,642 Methodists in 2012, served by 33 pastors and 1 deacon.
In 1907, George A. Simons, an American of German descent, was named the superintendent of Finland and Russia with a seat in Saint Petersburg by bishop William Burt in Zürich.
On 9 June 1907 Vassili met his friend Karl Kuum, a brother in the Moravian Church, on the island of Saaremaa.
The congregation of Kuressaare, the first one in Estonia, was officially established on 26 August 1910 when three men and two women were accepted into communion.
In July 1910 the first branch of the Kuressaare congregation was established in the village of Reeküla, the next one in September 1910 in the village of Rahniku.
From the island of Saaremaa the Methodist mission spread to the mainland where the first congregation was established by Karl Kuum in July 1912 in Tapa.
The wider spread of Methodism to various areas of Estonia began in 1918, approximately at the same time with Estonia gaining its independence.
By 1 January 1940 the Methodist Church in Estonia constituted of 1,836 members in 14 congregations (Tallinn I and Tallinn II, Haapsalu, Tapa, Rakvere, Paide, Tartu, Viljandi, Pärnu, Narva, Avanduse, Kuressaare, Targu, and Paide).
As Methodism had spread in Estonia as part of the Russian mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC), the local congregations continued to be affiliated with this oldest and largest Methodist denomination in the United States.
The first attempt to form a separate church district for Estonia took place in 1921 when the first annual Methodist conference in Estonia took place and Martin Prikask was appointed the first local superintendent, however, the position was abolished a year later.
After the changes in the Estonian law of religion the local Methodist organisation was registered in 1935 as an independent church under the name of Methodist Episcopal Church in Estonia ().
As according to the new law all churches had to be governed locally, superintendent Prikask was elected an acting bishop but was never consecrated as one, so the spiritual episcopal authority continued to be exercised by bishop Raymond J.
A few months before the Soviet occupation, on 25 February 1940 the General Meeting of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Estonia adopted new statutes and a new name, Estonian Methodist Church ().
After a relative easing of restrictions on religious organisations during the German occupation (1941–1944) the religious life in Estonia became again subject to Soviet persecutions of religion.
In the Stalinist era there were unsuccessful attempts to liquidate the Estonian Methodist Church and make the members to join the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Many congregations lost their buildings – in Tallinn one of the Methodist churches had been destroyed in a Soviet air raid in 1944 and the second church was taken over by the Soviet Army in 1950.
The Methodist congregation in Tallinn had to move to a little church of the Seventh-day Adventists they continued to share until 2000.
In 1968 when the United Methodist Church was founded, superintendent Aleksander Kuum from Estonia was able to take part in the founding conference in Dallas.
Since that time the Methodist Church in Estonia has been part of the Northern Europe Central Conference of the United Methodist Church.
From 1972 onwards the visits of Northern European bishops to Estonia became regular events, taking place once or twice a year.
Three years after Estonia regained freedom from the Soviet regime, the United Methodist Church founded the Baltic Methodist Theological Seminary for the purpose of training leaders for evangelism.
The seminary is now accredited as an institution of higher education in Estonia offering both one-year diploma certificate and a three-year degree programme in theology.
On 1 January 2007 the United Methodist Church in Estonia had 24 congregations and 4 ministry points with a total membership of 1,731.
Slay Model Management (SMM), also called Slay Models, is the world’s first modeling agency created for, and specializing in only transgender and gender queer models, including trans women, and trans men.
In summer 2015, AMM announced they had six trans models, were looking for more, and were going to open a trans-only agency with Asunción as its director in Los Angeles.
He pointed out the trans models have been in the industry already citing Candy Darling, Caroline Cossey (aka Tula), Octavia Saint Laurent, and Andreja Pejic.
• Alex a young trans woman who started with SMM when she was twelve; her mother felt more trusting of an all-trans agency to look out for her.
• Martina Robledo became the first openly trans woman to be a trophy presenter at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017.
Al Bidda station is an interchange station between the Doha Metro's Green Line and the Red Line located in Al Bidda Park in the Al Bidda district.
It is served by bus routes 31, 34, 40, 41, 42, 45, 55, 56, 100, 101, 102, 102X, 104, 104A, 104B, 156, 156A, 170, 170A and 172.
He was also considered an important witness in the trial of Nairi Hunanyan, the leader of the attack on the Armenian parliament in 1999.
On 28 December 2002 he was shot in the head by a group of supporters of the opposition at the entrance of the house of his parents in Yerevan and died in hospital.
Businessman Armen Sargsyan, brother of Vazgen (former defence minister and prime minister, assassinated in 1999) and Aram Sargsyan (former prime minister) was found guilty of ordering the killing.
The opposition claimed the arrest was political and that Sarkisian was a scapegoat, arguing that he was instead killed because he knew too much about the 1999 attack on parliament.
The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany.
Lavigne parachuted into the Saône-et-Loire Department of France near Taizé on May 23, 1944 and worked as a wireless operator and a courier for the Silversmith network (or circuit).
Born Madeleine Rejeuny, the daughter of a fabric designer, she married Marcel Lavigne when she was 19 years old and had two children, Guy and Noel.
Her husband became a prisoner of war early in World War II and after he was released by the Germans in 1943 they divorced.
Lavigne worked in the town hall of Lyon and her first job with the French Resistance was producing false identity cards and other documents needed by SOE agents and allied airmen shot down over France and attempting to escape capture by the Germans.
Along with several other compromised SOE agents they were evacuated by a British military aircraft air from a field near Angers to England on February 4.
For the next several months she worked as a courier delivering messages and arranging with SOE in London for air drops of weapons and supplies to the French resistance.
She was unable to return to her home in Lyon because the life sentence for terrorism had not been commuted by the court.
Vermifilter toilets contain composting worms that digest faeces, thus reducing the accumulation rate, and significantly extending the frequency intervals for the removal of the solid waste.
Flushing water is required to dilute the ammonia produced from urine, and an aerobic environment must be provided, and the flush water must be able to drain away.
A typical pit latrine may need to be completely emptied or rebuilt after 2-3 years and often comes with smell and contamination issues.
A primary vermifilter provides primary treatment of the liquid effluent generated by humans and worms and decomposes the solids into humus.
Biofilcom, and GSAP Microflush toilet, also secured funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop vermifilter toilet technology in Africa.
He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Karwar in the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Indian National Congress.
He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Doddaballapura in the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Indian National Congress.
He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Madhugiri in the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Janata Dal (Secular).
Romance Without Finance underscores the fact that while Coleman may not be the most original artist in the world, his Ichiban output has been consistent and enjoyable...
Jean-Pierre-Louis Wenger (31 May 1809 in Lausanne – 11 August 1861 in La Vaux, commune of Aubonne) was a Swiss architect and politician from the canton of Vaud.
Upon his return to Switzerland, he started a political career and was a Radical Democratic deputy in the Grand Council of Vaud which he chaired six times between 1846 and 1861.
Moreover, Wenger sat in the Council of States from 1848 to 1849, then in the National Council from 1851 to 1854 and again in the Council of States from 1855 until his death in 1861.
As an architect, Wenger restored several important monuments such as the Chapel of St. Anthony, La Sarraz, the Reformed Church of Our Lady, Orny, and the rose of the Cathedral of Lausanne.
He may have built the church of Bussigny, but archive sources rather attribute this work to surveyor Samuel Cupelin and architect David Braillard.
Wenger also designed buildings for the Army and justice such as the first barracks of Bière and the women's prison in Lausanne.
His public buildings include the Arlaud Museum in Lausanne, the clock towers of Aubonne and Lutry, the bell tower of the temple of Prangins, the city hall and communal inn of Cully, the former customs station of Lausanne and the communal inn of Gimel.
Tom Gann (born January 11, 1959) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 8th district since 2016.
In December 2019, she qualified for the 2020 BDO World Darts Championship as the 15th seed after Trina Gulliver withdrew from the tournament due to ill health.
She remains the first and only Southeast Asian model to be on the cover of L'Officiel in Europe and has appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan Malaysia for their inaugural couples issue with Indonesian superstar Miller Khan.
After graduation, she moved to New York, United States and attended to New York University were she majored in Drama and marketing.
A fixture during fashion week,Chopra has walked runway for shows in the Middle East and Asia for Dolce and Gabbana, Fendi, Louis Vuitton, Calvin Klein, Christian Louboutin and Max Mara amongst several other luxury brands.
She has also made her foray in producing films like Acceptance and Supreme Gentleman with her longtime friend and director Ryan Matthew Chan.
Most recently, she did an anti shark fin soup campaign after noticing how high the consumption for it was in the Asian region she hails from.
The Glinka World Soil Prize is an annual prize awarded since 2016 to researchers for their direct contributions to the preservation of the environment, food security and poverty alleviation.
Kemp Law Dun is a vitrified fort dating from the Iron Age situated near the town of Dundonald in South Ayrshire, Scotland.
The remains of the Iron Age fort or dun lie on the old Auchans Estate in the Dundonald Woods near the site of the old Hallyards Farm and the quarry of that name.
The footpath route known as the Smugglers' Trail through the Clavin Hills from Troon to Dundonald runs passed the ruins of the dun.
The place-name 'Kemp' is found elsewhere in the south of Scotland, such as at 'Kemp's Castle' on the Lugar Water near Auchinleck Castle and at Kemps Castle near Sanquhar in Dumfries and Galloway.
The antiquarian John Smith in 1895 visited Kemp Law and gives the place-name as meaning as 'battle hill' or 'warrior's grave'.
A number of other ancient fortifications are present in the area such as those at Hillhouse, Wardlaw Hill Fort Hillfort (NS35923276), Dun Donald Hillfort (NS36363451) and Harpercroft Hillfort Hillfort (NS36003252).
The scant remains of the chapel of St Mary and its associated holy well were still visible circa 1879 when Archibald Adamson visited Hallyards Farm.
The dun lies in a well defended position on a minor ridge, but the site has been much disturbed and robbed of stone for building drystone dykes, etc.
The walls of the dun were in a ruinous state and it was clear that no lime mortar had been used in its construction.
Thorbjorn Campbell refers to the mound as being formed from 'rubbish' and identifies an enclosing wall that runs round the edge of the promontory.
The stone walls are thought to have had timber interlacing and it is suggested that the deliberate burning of this timber resulted in the process of vitrification that supposedly strengthened the walls.
James Paterson recorded the presence of a fosse or ditch on the west facing side which was not well protected by a steep declavity like the others sides.
The fort was circular with a hollow passage covered with sandstone flags through which a person could crawl on hands and knees.
Extreme heating has been shown to weaken the structure and an act of destruction seems unlikley given that the walls to be vitrified would need carefully maintained fires for a lengthy period.
Deliberate destruction following capture of the site or some form of ritual destruction by the ruling chief as an act of closure at the end of its useful life are other possibilities.
Vitrified duns are the remains that have been set on fire, resulting in some of the stones' melting and binding together.
She has also worked as a presenter at other radio stations including Radio Bob, Kaya fm, Metro FM, 5FM and Highveld Stereo.
On 8 October 2019, it is known that she wrote a 6 page long letter to Nathi Mthethwa, the arts and culture minister, which was posted on Twitter.
Maria Wavinya (born May 27, 2000) is a Kenyan model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Kenya 2019.
She was raised by a single mom in Mombasa, who died when she was just 12 years old, forcing her to relocate to live with her grandmother upcountry.
On 5 October 2019, Maria was crowned winner of Miss World Kenya 2019 at a ceremony held at Two Rivers Mall, Nairobi, Kenya.
Zhao Tianshou (; born 1961) is a Chinese scientist and educator currently serving as Cheong Ying Chan Professor of Engineering and Environment, the Chair Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
In 1995 he joined the faculty of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, becoming Chair Professor of its Department of Mechanical Engineering in 2011 and Dean of its Energy Research Institute in April 2014.
Luge at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun from 17 to 20 January 2020.
Zhao Yangsheng (; born December 1955) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as a professor and doctoral supervisor at Taiyuan University of Technology.
He is a member of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering (CSRME).
After the resumption of college entrance examination, he attended Shanxi Mining Institute (now Taiyuan University of Technology) where he received his bachelor's degree in 1982.
After completing his master's degree at Fuxin Mining Institute (now Liaoning Technical University), he attended Tongji University where he obtained his doctor's degree in 1992.
He represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 100 metre breaststroke SB9 event.
Arthur John Mackenzie (5 February 1871 – 21 August 1949) was a Scottish chess player, three-times Scottish Chess Championship winner (1908, 1909, 1913).
He participated in Scottish Chess Championship from 1906 to 1928 and won this chess tournament on three occasions: 1908 (he scored 7/7), 1909 and 1913.
He was one of the founders of the Birmingham and District Chess League in 1897, the Midland Counties Chess Association (later Union), also in 1897, and the British Chess Federation in 1904.
He was a controller at the famous Nottingham 1936 chess tournament, and he was the British delegate to the FIDE council at Stockholm 1937.
It was recaptured by the French in 1378 by Charles VI of France but it was again lost to the English on 12 March 1418, under Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.
A 1.97-metre tall who can play as a ruckman or key forward, McLean began his career in the TAC Cup before a season in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
He was recruited by Sydney on the eve of the 2019 season as a pre-season supplemental selection, and made his AFL debut later that year.
He also was a member of the AFL Academy – spending time at the Sydney Swans as part of the development program – and represented Vic Metro at the AFL Under 18 Championships.
McLean played 13 matches in 2018, averaging 5.2 marks, 10.3 hit-outs and 13.2 disposals and rucking against AFL-listed players including Matthew Leuenberger, Braydon Preuss and Zac Smith.
However, he was again overlooked and moved to Adelaide to play with South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club South Adelaide in 2019.
McLean was recruited by Sydney in March 2019 as a pre-season supplemental selection to cover the loss of defender Jack Maibaum to a season-ending anterior cruciate ligament injury.
McLean's selection was criticised by SANFL officials, as it deprived South Adelaide of an important recruit only a fortnight before their 2019 season began, leaving them unable to find a replacement in time.
McLean spent most of his first season in Sydney's North East Australian Football League (NEAFL) side, before a call-up to the AFL team in round 18 – a challenging match-up rucking alongside Robbie Fox against veteran Aaron Sandilands.
It determines the country's representative for the Eurovision Song Contest and has been broadcasting every year since its inauguration in 1962.
Norrland Artillery Battalion (, Artbat/I 19), originally Boden Artillery Regiment (, A 8) was an artillery unit within the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1919 to 2004.
The unit was raised on 10 September 1919, by a division of the Boden-Karlsborg Artillery Regiment (A 8), where the parts placed at Karlsborg formed Karlsborg Artillery Corps (A 10), and the parts placed at Boden Fortress formed Boden Artillery Regiment (A 8).
This was stated in the Defense Committee's report of 1945, which, prior to the Defence Act of 1948, suggested, among other things, that Norrbotten Artillery Corps (A 5) should be amalgamated with Boden Artillery Regiment (A 8).
Instead of cooling off the security policy situation in Europe after the war, a new security policy was initiated through the Cold War.
However, the Riksdag adopted the Defense Committee's proposal, which in practice meant that Norrbotten Artillery Corps was disbanded on 30 June 1951 and was amalgamated into the Boden Artillery Regiment.
In the 1960s, the regiment, as the only unit in Sweden, was supplied with 26 units of the Bandkanon 1 self-propelled artillery vehicle.
This resulted in the Boden Artillery Regiment becoming an A-unit (defence district regiment), and other units within the defence district becoming a B-unit (training unit).
Unique to Boden Artillery Regiment was that together with Uppland Regiment (S 1/Fo 47) and the Life Guard Dragoons (K 1/Fo 44), it was a defence district regiment.
On 1 July 1994, the defence district staff was separated from the regiment, and Boden Artillery Regiment then became a B-unit.
In traditional terms, Boden Artillery Regiment (A 8) was amalgamated with the disbanded Norrland Artillery Regiment (A 4), which was manifested at a ceremony on 31 December 1997, and from 1 January 1998 the name of Norrland Artillery Regiment (A 8) was adopted.
What was clearly ahead of the Defence Act was that Wendes Artillery Regiment (A 3) and Gotland Artillery Regiment (A 7) should be disbanded.
Which regiment was to be retained in the future organization was between Norrland Artillery Regiment (A 8) and Bergslagen Artillery Regiment (A 9).
What spoke for retaining A 8 was the direct proximity to training areas, as well as a possible garrison coordination and collaboration with primarily the Norrbotten Regiment and Norrbotten Brigade (MekB 19).
According to the Defence Act, the activities of the artillery battalion should as far as possible be a reflection of the Artillery Regiment (A 9), though on a smaller scale.
Bandkanon 1 was never adopted in the new organization, but began to be phased out and was completely discontinued in 2003.
The Defence Act of 2004 decided that the artillery regiment staff would be disbanded, and that the organization be reduced by three artillery battalions 77B, and that only one geographical location be retained for the training of artillery.
Furthermore, with Norrbotten Regiment (I 19), Boden was an integrated platform with training of several functions, and had a proximity to Norrbotten Air Force Wing (F 21) in Luleå.
On 31 December 2004, the battalion was disbanded, and from 1 January 2005, the battalion transitioned to a Decommissioning Organization until the disbandment was completed by 30 June 2006.
When the unit was raised in 1909 as Boden Artillery Battalion, it was located to a newly erected barracks area along the Åberg Trail.
This was in connection with the battalion being amalgamated into the Artillery Regiment, which had been relocated from Kristinehamn to Sveavägen in Boden from 31 December 2005.
In conjunction with Norrland Artillery Battalion amalgamated with the Artillery Regiment (A 9), the Artillery Regiment came to take over the traditions of the Norrland Artillery Regiment (A 4) and the Bodens Artillery Regiment (A 8).
A new colour was presented to the unit in Kristinehamn by His Majesty the King Carl XVI Gustaf on 15 April 2002.
The coat of the arms was used by Boden Artillery Regiment (A 8) from 1977 to 1997, the Norrland Artillery Regiment (A 8) from 1997 to 2000 and by the Norrland Artillery Battalion from 2000 to 2004.
The medal ribbon is of yellow moiré with narrow orange edges and a broad red stripe on each side followed on the inner side by a blue line.
The medal ribbon is of yellow moiré with narrow orange edges and a broad red stripe on each side followed by a blue line.
The medal ribbon is of blue moiré with broad yellow edges followed first by a narrow red stripe and the by a white line.
After Gerstner and Kutter retired in 1975, Gredinger took over their shares and expanded the agency into a European network with up to 20 branches.
Bobsleigh at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun from 19 to 20 January 2020.
This allowed people to make up their minds on the bill before voting and gave supporters as well as opponents of the bill a chance to share their views and shape public opinion, either in favor of the bill or against it.
Moreover, these higher-class Romans would have had the education that was needed to appreciate and understand the argumentation the magistrates used in their speeches, which sometimes included complicated references to history or law.
River is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the beginning of May, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of November to the end of April.
At the 2016 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships Dolman and Klaassen won the gold medal in the women's 1 km time trial.
At the 2019 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships Klaassen and her sighted pilot Imke Brommer won the silver medal in the women's time trial 500m B event and the bronze medal in the women's sprint B event.
The 2019-20 Ferris State Bulldogs men's ice hockey season was the 45th season of play for the program and the 7th in the WCHA conference.
His work showed that many previous 'river improvements' resulted in increase in flood discharges, with his recommendations changing Japanese river management policies from the 1980s onward.
in Engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1950, where he also graduated with a Ph.D. in Engineering in 1964 while working as an Associate Professor.
He was appointed Lecturer in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Tokyo in 1955, and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1961, and full professor in 1968.
Skeleton at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun from 19 to 20 January 2020.
Formerly the Sunset School, the site was purchased by the city of Carmel in 1965 with the plan to develop it into a cultural center.
In 1964, faced with the need for expensive earthquake preparedness improvements and limited space to expand, the Sunset School District opted to sell the school to the City of Carmel for $550,000 USD.
The city intended to turn the school into a performing arts center and the transaction was completed in 1965 through the passage of a bond measure.
The theatre was renovated from September 2001 to July 2002 using money from a public–private partnership; the City of Carmel paid $9 million USD while private donors contributed $13 million USD.
The LARES system, which cost around $300,000 USD, enhanced the volume of the performers, though many of the classic music groups using the venue were dissatisfied with it.
Currently, the Sunset Center is the home of the Carmel Adult School Pottery Studio, the Center for Photographic Art, the Forest Theater Guild, and the Yoga Center of Carmel.
Current producing partners of the center are the Monterey Symphony, the Carmel Music Society, Chamber Music Monterey Bay, and the Carmel Bach Festival.
Recordings of concerts at the Sunset Center have been made commercially available, dating back to when it was still a school.
He was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, and the Royal Veterinary College, where he won the Coleman Medal in 1883.
From 1891 to 1893, he served in India as advising veterinary surgeon to the government of the Punjab and as a professor at the Lahore Veterinary College.
He was then stationed in Egypt from 1896 to 1899 and was senior veterinary officer of the Sudan expedition of 1898, for which he was mentioned in despatches and on 16 November 1898 awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO).
During the Boer War, he was senior veterinary officer of a cavalry division from 1899 until September 1901 and then senior veterinary officer of remounts in South Africa until December 1902.
He then held a succession of principal veterinary officer appointments: of Irish Command from 1904 to 1906, South Africa from 1906 to 1909, Northern Command in 1910, Southern Command from 1910 to 1912, and Aldershot Command from 1913 to 1916.
In July 1916, by which time he was a colonel, he was appointed director of veterinary services in India with the temporary rank of brigadier-general, and on 1 December 1917 he became director-general of veterinary services of the British Army, the most senior veterinary officer in the service, with the honorary rank of major-general.
He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1919 Birthday Honours and Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1921 New Year Honours.
On 6 June 1922, he was elected to the council of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons for a four-year term.
On her death, Lady Blenkinsop left an endowment to establish the Sir Layton Blenkinsop Mathematical Scholarship at the King's School, Canterbury, of £100 per annum.
He then proceeded to the Presbyterian Secondary School (now Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School) at Odumase Krobo from 1944 to 1946.
He obtained his Master's degree in Economics from Clarke University in 1952 and his doctorate degree from the London School of Economics in 1955.
Asare begun his career as a civil servant in 1953 and in 1954 he earned a United Nations Fellowship Scholarship to pursue a doctorate program at the London School of Economics.
In 1957, he joined the Bank of Ghana and a year later he was appointed Principal of the Economics section of the bank.
General elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania between 19 and 29 May 1918 (19, 21 and 29 May for the Chamber of Deputies and 23, 25 and 27 May for the Senate).
In agreement with German Empire, elections were also held in then-occupied Romania, with the exception of the province of Dobruja (Constanța and Tulcea counties), which was occupied by Bulgaria.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico.
The station served as the northern terminus of Line 2 until 6 November 1988, when the line was extended to El Silencio.
The 2020 FIG World Cup circuit in Artistic Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) in 2020.
All three of the Apparatus World Cup series competitions (Melbourne, Baku, and Doha) will serve as opportunities for gymnasts to earn points towards Olympic qualification through the FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series route.
Additionally, the four All-Around World Cups will serve as opportunities for the twenty-four teams (12 MAG, 12 WAG) who already qualified a team to the Olympics to earn an additional Olympic spot.
The three federations who earn the most points through the Individual All-Around World Cups will earn an additional Olympic spot in addition to their 4-person team.
The three federations who earn the most points through the Individual All-Around World Cup series will earn an additional Olympic spot in addition to their 4-person team.
The 2019-20 Lake Superior State Lakers men's ice hockey season was the 54th season of play for the program, the 47th at the Division I level and the 7th in the WCHA conference.
While in office, he promoted the idea of national guilds, working with James Henry Lloyd to restructure the union on these lines.
He served as official report for the Scottish Trades Union Congress, and from 1927 to 1930 served as an auditor of the Trades Union Congress.
Scouller died in 1974, at which time he was still serving as chair of his local branch of the union, by then known as the Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff.
He took his own life after the death of his romantic and stage partner Gladys Horridge coincided with the imminent exposure of his deceptions about their marital status.
Although many records of his early radio broadcasts are lost, it is known that his BBC debut was on 31 May 1923.
Between 1925 and 1932, a number of commercial gramophone recordings of his sketches were released on the His Master's Voice label.
He also mentioned killing himself to Hazel Wilford (also known as Mrs. Hudson), an actress with whom he had begun to work.
On 14 May, Clapham's upstairs neighbour at Holland Road noticed the smell of gas coming from Clapham's flat, and entered to find his body leaning against his gas stove, with a suicide note and letters lying adjacent.
During the inquest, it emerged that Clapham had feared that the exposure of and prosecution for his pretence of being married to Horridge would harm his career, and that he was being pursued by his estranged wife for alimony.
Store Egholm is a small Danish island in the South Funen Archipelago, lying 5 kilometers north west of Ærøskøbing, and close to Lille Egholm.
The 2020 Men's Beach Handball World Championships will be the ninth edition of the tournament, held at Pescara, Italy from 30 June to 5 July 2020.
She represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's shot put F40 event.
At the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships she won the silver medal in the women's shot put F40 event and the bronze medal in the women's discus throw F41 event.
Although the clinic was not associated with Marie Stopes' organisation, Paton and Stopes corresponded and Stopes visited the clinic in 1933.
In 1935, Aberdeen City Council started to partially fund the centre.The clinic was funded by Paton until 1948, when it was transferred to the National Health Service.
She was praised for her involvement in St Katherine's Community Club, which helped girls from working class backgrounds by organising social and educational activities.
Margaret (Maggie) Fraser Myles, née Findlay, (December 1892 - February 1988) was a Scottish midwife, midwifery tutor and lecturer and author.
She is globally known for her Textbook for Midwives, first published in 1953, which has been considered a reference midwifery textbook for decades.
Myles was born on 30 December 1892 in Aberdeen, Scotland, to Robert Fraser Findlay, a house painter, and Mary, née McDougall.
There, she married Charles James Myles, a farmer and army officer during World War I, who died shortly after the birth of their son, Ian.
After the loss of her son, Myles left her position as a district nurse at Alford, Aberdeenshire and decided to re-train as a nurse at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.
Myles proceeded to continue her education at McGill University, later getting appointed a senior tutor at the Postgraduate Hospital in Philadelphia and the director of midwifery education of the Women's Hospital, Detroit.
Having received a midwifery teacher's diploma in London 1939, she became a midwifery tutor to the new Simson Memorial Maternity Pavilion in the Scottish capital, where she practised until her retirement in 1954.
Although the book was published one year before her retirement, having had recognised a gap in midwifery education, Myles had started working on it since her tutor years.
The book has been identified as Book of the Year as part of the seventy-fifth anniversary celebrations of the American Journal of Nursing.
Myles Textbook for Midwives has been translated in many languages and is currently sold around the world, with its seventeen edition to be published in 2020.
Out of these editions, Myles herself worked on ten revisions, updating the content with the latest best practices and developments and removing obsolete knowledge and practice.
Following her retirement from practice, Myles continued to visit and lecture at midwifery schools and obstetric units around the world, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Although having turned down many awards for honours and honorary appointments in her career, in 1978, she received an Honorary Fellowship of the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society.
In Edinburgh, she worked as an au pair and studied pottery at the Edinburgh College of Art, where she met the Californian artist Tam MacPhail.
In the same period, the St Magnus Festival and the Pier Arts Centre where established, creating a stimulating artistic and cultural environment for the Swedish artist.
Margaret Nairne, 2nd Baroness Nairne, later Countess of Nairne, (1669 - 14 November 1747) was a Scottish noblewoman at the turn of the 18th century and active in the Jacobite cause for its duration.
Her husband, William Murray, 2nd Lord Nairne, was condemned to death for his role in plans for a Scottish rebellion supported by neighbouring France; Lady Margaret travelled from Edinburgh to London to agitate in person for her husband's reprieve from execution, which was eventually successful.
Margaret was born in Edinburgh in 1669, the only child of Margaret Graham and Robert Nairne, Lord Strathord and 1st Lord Nairne.
Her first engagement was to Lord George Murray but this contract was nullified due to Lord George's ongoing poor health, and in 1690 Margaret married his brother William (b.
Because Margaret was sole heir to her family's title, upon their marriage her husband became the 2nd Lord Nairne and was elevated to the rank of earl.
All but one of the children were staunch Jacobites; son Robert was killed at the Battle of Culloden (16 April 1746) and daughter Margaret imprisoned the same year for her active support of the rebellion.
The Jacobite rising sought to restore the exiled House of Stuart to the throne in England, Scotland and Ireland and the Nairnes were active participants in the rebellion.
Margaret's husband and their eldest son, John, were captured at the Battle of Preston in November 1715 and taken to London on a charge of High Treason to await their fate; Lord Nairne was sent to the Tower of London and John to Newgate prison while Margaret immediately journeyed south to see them.
The difficulties and dangers of the rising did not appear to dampen Margaret's commitment to the Jacobite cause, and upon Bonnie Prince Charlie's return to Scotland in 1745 she entertained him at Nairne House.
Correspondence written by Margaret and her husband to family and friends over the course of the first half of the eighteen century document both their personal and political concerns, including £5,000 of domestic repairs after a fire at the family home which had 'a window for every day of the year'.
One series of letters written by Lady Margaret documents her journey to London to seek a royal audience in order to plead for her husband's release from the Tower where she lived with him for a time in 1716.
The 2020 Women's Beach Handball World Championships will be the ninth edition of the tournament, held at Pescara, Italy from 30 June to 5 July 2020.
The 2020 Bangabandhu National Football Championship also known as 2020 Walton National Football Championship (due to sponsorship reason from Walton Group) will be 6th edition of the National Football Championship, the premier competition in Bangladesh for teams representing districts & government institutions.
The format of the tournament changed in this edition as it is no more a top division league & resuming after 13 years.
Along with 63 districts football teams excluding only Kishoreganj, three service teams, six public universities, five education boards, and Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishthan will participate in the tournament.
In the championship round ten teams will contest for the race of final.Eights winner teams from eight zones and two sevices teams will enter the championship round.
Liz started her career as a corporate trainee in the Burton Group (now Arcardia) working for Topshop and Principles, where she was the Brand Director.
In October 2009, Liz alongside with Lisa Agar Rea, Jane Rawlings & Stuart Grant founded Mint Velvet, a British women wear retailer.
Liz was keen to know that her son’s organs had transformed other families in need and sought to find out via the existing channels.
However, she was disappointed to learn that few recipients are encouraged to feedback, often because they do not feel equipped to do so.
He won two medals in individual table tennis events: the bronze medal in the men's individual C9 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and the silver medal in the men's individual C9 at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Stefanie (drums and vocals) and Peter (bass) played together in Refused Party Program, a Refused tribute band, while Stijn and Mannaerts were in the band Starfucker.
Pietru Pawl Saydon (24 July 1895 – 22 March 1971), was a Roman Catholic priest and scholar of the Maltese Language, other semitic languages and the Bible.
He is most noteworthy for his contributions to the Maltese language, and the translation of the Bible from the original Hebrew to Maltese.
at the age of 20. in 1919, he qualified with a degree in Canonical Law, and a subsequent Doctorate in Theology.
In 1919 he was also ordained as a priest, and the following year left for the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome, where he obtained a Licence in Holy Scriptures in 1923.
This was notable for the fact that he did this entirely on his own, where other translations were typically completed in teams.
Saydon was appointed Professor of Holy Scripture at the University of Malta, and contributed actively to a number of international conferences and congresses.
He also provided commentaries for six books of the Old Testament in a Commentary published under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in England.
Although Saydon was considered the only qualified person for professorship of Holy Scripture in the University, in 1924 then Rector appointed Father Ugo Callus, a philosopher, to the post.
This was a great disappointment for Saydon, but he was vindicated 7 years later when Callus left for Oxford in 1931.
The vacant position was filled by Saydon, and thus at the age of 31 he was appointed Professor of Holy Scripture (in both Hebrew and Biblical Greek).
Saydon was also pipped to the post for a Lectoral Minitry in the Cathedral Chapter by Monsignor Nerik Dandria, who despite his inexperience in scripture studies, had strong political backing.
Maltese people living through the 1960s in Malta associated Saydon with the Catholic Interdiction in Malta, and the standoff between the Church and the Malta Labour Party.
At the time of his personal setbacks after returning from his studies in Rome, he immersed himself into progressing the works of the University's Maltese Language Association, this having just been founded by two medic-poets, Rużar Briffa and Guze Bonnici.
When Briffa resigned from the Association as he was due to study abroad, Saydon was elected as President of the group.
This was around the time of a political debate in the country about whether Italian, English or indeed Maltese should be recognised as the national language of Malta.
In 1932, the Government at the time tried to return Italian as the national language, and ordered that Maltese should be written and taught in a fashion that would promote the use of the Italian Language.
The Association was then banned from holding any other meetings at the University, under the pretence of it being politically motivated.
Saydon's pastoral work was carried out without much fanfare - he was much loved by the villagers of Bengħisa, most of whom were farmers.
He would celebrate an early mass at 04:30 to enable them to hear mass before they started work in the fields, and would frequently visit them in their homes.
He would avoid large social gatherings, but would instead seek the company of his students, as well as members of the MUSEUM.
Saydon left the copyright of his translation of the Bible to the MUSEUM, which then went on to publish multiple editions.
A monument in his honour was unveiled on the hundredth anniversary of his birth, on 12 November 1995, in front of his namesake secondary school in Żurrieq.
Elsie writes of Theodor Ippen who traveled in the region in 1892 describing Pešter as being inhabited by a majority of Albanians from the Kelmendi and Kuci tribes who emigrated from their motherland in 1690 and 1737 during the Serb migration.
The first recorded film showing Albanians in the city is from 1904. in 1907, Baron Nopsca noted that the Shkreli tribe could trace their origin back to 1650 in Novi Pazar rather than Bosnia.
During the Balkan war, there were roughly 40 000 'Arnaut auxiliaries' (Albanian irregulars) in the region of Novi Pazar which was invaded by Serb general Petar Živković of the Ibar army.
In the 1940s, the Germans elected Aćif Hadžiahmetovića who was supported by the Albanian nationalists in the regin who defended the region against Chetniks.
During the Balkan wars, Bosnian commander Jusuf Mehonjic fought alongside Sandzak and Albanian irregulars who helped the Austrian army in the fight against Serb and Montenegrin troops, lasting from 1921 to 1925.
Serb nationalists claimed that Albanian nationalists of Novi Pazar intended to form an alliance with Muslim leaders in order to create a Greater Albania.
Joylon Naegele writes that local social scientists believe that the inhabitants of Novi Pazar adopted a Slavic dialect more than 1000 years ago during the Illyrian era.
Francis Xavier Talbot (January 25, 1889 – December 3, 1953) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who was active in Catholic literary and publishing circles, and became the President of Loyola College in Maryland.
During World War II, he was chaplain to a Catholic organization that previewed movies for the National Legion of Decency, and supported Franco's rule in Spain, due to its support of Catholicism and opposition to communism; he also supported the United States' war effort.
He held this office for three years, then was briefly an archivist at Georgetown University, before becoming a priest and historian of St. Aloysius Church.
Francis Xavier Talbot was born on January 25, 1889, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to parents Patrick Talbot and Bridget Talbot née Peyton.
He lived in Philadelphia until the age of seventeen, when he entered the Society of Jesus on August 15, 1906, proceeding to the Jesuit novitiate of St. Andrew-on-Hudson in Poughkeepsie, New York.
After two years, he went to Woodstock College in Maryland for three years, where he received a Master of Arts in philosophy in 1913.
He then taught English at Loyola School in New York City from 1913 to 1916 and religion at Boston College from 1917 to 1918, before returning to Woodstock College to study theology for four years.
Talbot spent much of his life working in Catholic literary circles, and was described as one of the early leaders of the revival of Catholic literature in the United States.
He publicly defended the quality of Catholic intellectual life against criticisms, and called for improvement of the teaching of Catholic fiction literature in Catholic universities.
He formed the Catholic Poetry Society of America in 1930, whose goal was to bring together all the Catholic poets in the United States, and served as its chaplain from 1934 to 1936.
He was also active in the founding of the Spiritual Book Associates in 1932, and served as chairman of its editorial committee.
He served as chaplain to the National Motion Picture Bureau of the International Federation of Catholic Alumnae for twelve years, which previewed movies for the National Legion of Decency.
While in Canada, he worked to persuade the Quebec authorities to return the Dionne quintuplets, the world's first surviving quintuplets, to their parents.
In recognition of his work in publishing, students of New York City Catholic high schools created a book club in 1942 called the Talbot Club.
Talbot was appointed the President of Loyola College in Maryland on July 26, 1947 by the Jesuit Superior General, succeeding Edward B. Bunn.
He then returned to Georgetown briefly as assistant archivist, before becoming a parish priest at St. Aloysius Church in Washington, and writing the history of the parish.
His requiem mass was said by John Michael McNamara, the Auxiliary Bishop of Washington, at Holy Trinity on December 6, and was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery at Georgetown.
He got this name because he had knowledge on kingship medicine and rainmaking of which neighboring tribes consulted with him such as King Sobhuza I of Swazi and amaNgwe tribe's leader .
In 1818 Dingiswayo (a Mthethwa) chief attacked and looted the AmaNgwane clan whom, to replenish their losses of cattle, attacked the Hlubi.
Mthimkhulu II united with his brother's Hlubi branch (Mpangazitha (Pakalita)) and died in that ensuing battle and was succeeded by his brother King Mpangazitha (King Bhungane II's Right hand House) as his sons(among many) Langalibalele I and his elder brother Dlomo II were still children.
Mthimkhulu's other brother Mahwanqa assumed the regency when Mpangazitha died in 1825.Dlomo II (Mthimkhulu's heir) ascended the throne,however,his reign was short lived as Dingane (a Zulu Chief later King) ordered the murder of him (Dlomo II) which gave way for Langalibalele I to become the king of AmaHlubi.
Kolubara-Mačva Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Колубарско-Мачванска / Zonska liga Kolubarsko-Mačvanska) is one of the Serbian Zone League divisions, the fourth tier of the Serbian football league system.
In August 2018, it was announced Sienna Miller and Diego Luna had joined the cast of the film, with Tara Miele directing from a screenplay she wrote.
Bloodbeat (also spelled Blood Beat) is a 1982 supernatural slasher film written and directed by Fabrice-Ange Zaphiratos, and starring Helen Benton, Terry Brown, Claudia Peyton, James Fitzgibbons, and Dana Day.
The plot focuses on a young couple attending a family gathering for Christmas in a rural home when a spirit wearing samurai armor begins killing members of the family—two of whom have psychic abilities—and their neighbors.
Sarah goes with Ted, his mother's boyfriend Gary, his sister Dolly, and his uncle Peter, on a hunting excursion in the woods.
While running through a grove of trees, Sarah is confronted by a man who has been eviscerated, and who grabs onto her before dying.
Late that night, Sarah opens a trunk and finds samurai armor and a sword within; Ted and Cathy find her awake in her bedroom, and assure her that the experience was a dream.
Meanwhile, the family's next-door neighbors Paul and Christie are attacked by a ghostly samurai armed with a sword inside their home, while Sarah mysteriously levitates in her bed.
Gary returns home with the samurai's armor, which Cathy and Sarah urge him to burn, but he refuses, telling them he must turn it into police.
Moments later, Ted finds Sarah burning a photo in her bedroom with pyrokinesis, and she throws him across the room using telekinetic powers.
Cathy confronts Sarah, who she finds adorning herself in the samurai armor, and realizes that Sarah is a reincarnation of the warrior.
The director of photography, Wladimir Maule, believed that the film was being shot for television rather than for theaters, and filmed in fullscreen rather than widescreen.
On October 24, 2017, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Vinegar Syndrome, featuring a 4K restoration of the film taken from a 35 mm print that suffered from mold and moisture damage.
He represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics together with his sighted pilot Timo Fransen and he won one gold medal and two silver medals.
He won the gold medal in the men's road race B event and the silver medals in the men's road time trial B and men's individual pursuit B events.
At the 2017 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's 31 km time trial event.
After studying violin at the conservatory, he entered the Institute of Heidelberg, where he studied musicology at the University under the direction of Wolfgang Fortner.
His work was approved by Theodor W. Adorno with whom he remained in contact in the following years during radio broadcasts.
From 1965 to 1976, Stephan was the editor-in-chief of publications for the Institute for New Music and Music Education in Darmstadt.
In 1967, he accepted a chair in historical musicology at the Institute of musicology, now the musicology seminar of the Institute of Theatrical Studies at the Free University of Berlin.
He was a visiting professor in Vienna in 1981, and his colleagues at the Berlin Institute were musicologists Tibor Kneif and Klaus Kropfinger, and from 1984 onwards Jürgen Maehder, who became his Director General from 1990 to 1992.
Stephan's research focused on the recent history of music since the 18th century and in particular on music from the first half of the 20th century.
He has made innovative contributions to the revision of the image of the works of Gustav Mahler, Hans Pfitzner, Max Reger and Paul Hindemith, as well as to the recognition of the importance of the Second Vienna School for the history of music, Arnold Schönberg, Alban Berg and Anton Webern.
Among Stephan's students were the musicologist Reinhold Brinkmann (1934-2010), as well as musicologists Rüdiger Albrecht, Regina Busch, Károly Csipák, Klaus Ebbeke, Thomas Ertelt, Werner Grünzweig, Heribert Henrich, Reinhard Kapp, Ulrich Kramer, Claudia Maurer Zenck, Adolf Nowak, Wolfgang Rathert, Christian Martin Schmidt, Matthias Schmidt, Martina Sichardt, Lotte Thaler and the teacher Bernd Riede.
Naalum Therindhavan () is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language film co-produced, co-edited and directed by C. P. Jambulingam and written by Guhanathan.
He co-produced the film with K. V. Kamalanabham and K. T. S. Karuppiah under Sri Balaji Combines, and co-edited it with C. P. S. Mani, while Guhanathan wrote the script.
Luo was born in Hengdong County, Hunan, on February 12, 1939, to Luo Ronghuan, a Communist military leader, and , an educator.
He is the third of six children, the others being: Luo Beitun, Luo Lin, Luo Nanxia, Luo Beijie, and Luo Ning.
In 1959 he entered the Harbin Institute of Military Engineering (now National University of Defense Technology), majoring in missile engineering, where he graduated in 1965.
He served in the PLA Second Artillery Corps since 1976, what he was promoted to Political Commissar of its Logistics Department in June 1990 and to Deputy Political Commissar in November 1997.
It is estimated to be 275 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 125,000 light years.
He represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 1 km time trial C1–3 event and the bronze medal in the men's individual pursuit C1 event.
At the 2016 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships he won the gold medal in the 1 km time trial C1 event and the bronze medal in the 3 km pursuit C1 event.
KMC Hospital, also known as Kasturba Medical College Hospital (Mangalore) is a hospital situated in Mangalore city of Karnataka in India.
Hungary has participated in all 17 editions of the FINA World Aquatics Championships, held since the first edition of 1973 World Aquatics Championships, winning 97 podiums, including 38 world titles, 29 silver medals and 30 bronze medals.
It is estimated to be 86 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 65,000 light years.
After his MD, he worked at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts from 1960–62, and the US Air Force 10th Tac.
He then worked as a Research Fellow in Colloid Science at the University of Cambridge from 1963-64 before returning to the Boston where he was also a Teaching and Research Fellow at Harvard University.
He worked at the National Institutes of Health from 1965 to 1968, and then joined the University of California, San Diego where he was Assistant Professor, promoted to Associate Professor in 1973 and Professor in 1981.
The 2019–20 North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's basketball team represent the University of North Dakota in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Fighting Hawks, led by 1st-year head coach Paul Sather, play their home games at the Betty Engelstad Sioux Center in Grand Forks, North Dakota as members of the Summit League.
On May 1, 2019, it was announced that head coach Brian Jones, who had led the team for the past 13 years, was stepping down, in order to take the associate head coaching position at Illinois State.
Eventually, she became a bartender at the restaurant after a bartender failed to show up for their shift to work during a wedding with 300 guests.
To familiarize herself with different spirits, Kang would go to local liquor stores and make notes about the different beverages sold.
Kang was lead bartender at Delmonico's Steakhouse at The Venetian from 2015 until 2017, taking over the bar from Max Solano.
During her time at Delmonico's, Kang not only designed the seasonal cocktail menus, but also oversaw the restaurant's extensive whiskey selection.
At the Dorsey, Kang oversees the bar's Dorsey Sessions program, which brings bartenders from popular bars around the world to serve as bartenders in residence.
In 2014, Kang was named Most Imaginative Bartender of the Year by the United States Bartenders' Guild and Bombay Sapphire for her variation on a Ramos Gin Fizz, the Lacy Fizz, which used a syrup made with eight spices and was garnished with flowers.
Kang's favorite bars include Other Mama, The Sand Dollar Lounge, District One Kitchen & Bar, Atomic Liquors, Bardot Brasserie, Herbs & Rye, the Vesper Bar, and the Laundry Room, the latter which she helped open.
Abdullah Ali Saei (born 17 March 1999), is a Qatari professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Qatar Stars League side Al-Gharafa.
He represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's 1 km time trial B with his sighted pilot Teun Mulder.
At the 2016 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships Bangma and Mulder won the silver medal in the Sprint Tandem B event and also in the 1 km time trial Tandem B event.
At the 2019 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships Banga and Patrick Bos won the bronze medal in the men's time trial B event.
The Big Branch Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont.
It was created by the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984 and later expanded by the New England Wilderness Act of 2006.
The Long Trail (which coincides with the Appalachian Trail in this region) crosses a portion of the wilderness from Griffith Lake at its eastern boundary to Ten Kilns Brook at its northern edge.
The wilderness is traversed by several other hiking trails including the Griffith Lake Trail, Lake Trail, Baker Peak Trail, and the Old Job Trail.
Homam Ahmed (born 25 August 1999), is a Qatari professional footballer who plays as a Left-Back for Qatar Stars League side Al-Gharafa.
In July 2005 he was promoted to become Deputy Commander of Nanjing Military Region, but having held the position for only six months, and he was appointed Deputy Director of Science and Technology Committee of General Equipment Department of the People's Liberation Army.
Le Cirque was founded in Italy in 2015 on the initiative of the entrepreneur Gianpiero Garelli, and it presents circus entertainment shows which include balancing, acrobatics, tightrope walking, contortionism, juggling, comedy, dance, and music.
The first tour took place in a traditional circus tent, with 33 shows in 9 cities: Ancona, Ascoli Piceno, Chieti, Piacenza, Riccione, Viterbo, Lucca, Bergamo, Alba.
The next six tours were staged in the arenas and theatres of other Italian cities, including Brescia, Turin, Genoa, Forlì, Bologna, Padua, Florence, Bolzano, Trieste, and Milan.
Abdulla Abdulwahab Abdo (born 1 January 1999), is a Qatari professional footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Qatar Stars League side Al-Gharafa.
He is considered one of the most important Greek-Jewish rabbis of his generation, having published several books, including Shulchan Gavohah (), a restatement of the Tur and Shulchan aruch to reflect the dominant customs in Thessaloniki at the time.
It opened in 1875 as one of three agriculture schools founded under the direction of Dom Pedro II in the Northeast region of Brazil.
Two thirds of its facade remain, but major parts of the structure have fallen into rubble and the site is covered by dense vegetation.
The Imperial School of Agricultural of Bahia was listed as a historic structure by the Artistic and Cultural Institute of Bahia (IPAC) in 1981.
He averaged 10.8 points per game as a senior and helped his team to a 64–18 record over three years, including a runner-up finish at the City of Palms Classic.
He was a consensus four-star recruit and was ranked among the top 100 players in the 2016 class by 247Sports and ESPN.
He missed the nonconference section of his junior season before returning on January 21, 2019 against Howard and finished with 16 points.
and 2.6 assists per game on a team that finished 19–12 and lost to NC State in the second round of the NIT.
He scored his 1,000th career point on November 22 in a 82–74 win over Holy Cross and finished with 32 points, hitting 5 of 7 three-pointers.
She attended the National Conservatory of Music in Quito, as did two of her brothers Augusto, a flutist, and Enrique, a violinist and later a novelist.
When her father became Minister Plenipotentiary of Ecuador in Great Britain, she and her brothers continued their musical studies in London.
It determines the country's representative for the Eurovision Song Contest and has been broadcasting every year since its inauguration in 1962.
The 2006 FC Rubin Kazan season was the clubs 4th season in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia.
They finished the season in fifth position, qualifying for the Second Round of 2007 UEFA Intertoto Cup and progressed to the Round 16 in the Russian Cup.
She has collaborated with the rapper Stress and has performed, with him and solo, in major Swiss music festivals, including the Gurtenfestival.
Up until age 19, she played football for Grasshopper Club Zürich and in the Swiss national under-19 football team, then decided to focus on her musical career.
It was introduced in 1986 and was originally called the Satellite Tour, before being renamed with its present title in 1990.
The numbers in brackets after winners' names show the player's total number of wins on the Challenge Tour including that event.
It is rare for someone to accumulate many wins on the Challenge Tour because success at this level soon leads to promotion to the European Tour.
Robert M. Blakeman (August 9, 1925 – April 21, 2018) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1961 to 1964 and in 1966.
He made numerous recordings for the Edison and Pathé companies, and appeared regularly on radio from the mid 1920s until at least 1934.
Mike Speciale is known to have an organized band by mid 1921 that was based in Norfolk, Virginia, his place of residence at the time.
Beginning October 1924 and ending February 1929, Speciale recorded nearly one hundred sides, appearing on Apex Records, Cameo Records, Edison Records, Harmony Records, , Lincoln Records, Pathé Records, Perfect Records, Regal Recordings and Romeo Records.
Their support of the Conservatives in the 2019 election helped the party break the Labour Party's Red Wall of safe seats.
The term is similar to political stereotypes used at previous elections, such as Worcester woman, who were thought to define the characteristics of a key target voter.
Labour had held the Workington constituency for most of its 100-year history, with the exception being the period following the 1976 by-election, which saw a Conservative candidate elected against a backdrop of Labour in government at national level.
Going into the 2019 general election, it was seen as a key marginal seat for the Conservatives to win from Labour.
On a 9.7% swing, it fell to the Conservatives on election night, marking the first time the seat had elected a Conservative at a general election.
The Peru Peak Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont.
It was created by the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984 and later expanded by the New England Wilderness Act of 2006.
The Long Trail (which coincides with the Appalachian Trail in this region) enters the wilderness at Mad Tom Notch on its southern edge, crossing over Styles Peak () and Peru Peak () before exiting the area on its western edge.
The school was started in 1952 with only 400 students, at that time only LKG to V classes was only there in the school.
At the initial stage the school was not very popular for parents and students both but after November 1988 when CBSE gives affiliation to this school then it was recognised.
Eli Wager (February 2, 1926 – April 13, 2003) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1972.
The DB-2 is a West German sailboat that was designed by E. G. van de Stadt and Cees van Tongeren as an International Offshore Rule Three-Quarter Ton class racer and first built in 1981.
The DB-1 design was developed into the DB-2 in 1981, with modifications that included a walk-through transom, lighter weight, more ballast and increased sail area.
The design was built by Dehler Yachts, owned by the Dehler brothers, Willi and Heinz, in West Germany starting in 1981, but it is now out of production.
It has a fractional sloop rig with running backstays, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
The design came in first, second, third and fifth places in the 1984 IOR 3/4 ton cup races held in Kiel, West Germany.
Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.
Maria Aparecida Souza Alves (born 7 July 1993), usually known as Maria Alves and sometimes simply as Maria, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Italian Serie A club Juventus FC and the Brazil women's national team.
Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.
The text is a summary of past experiences and defines the tasks and objectives of the Vietnamese revolution and the Communist Party of Vietnam.
The text consists of a selection of speeches and ideological documents by Trọng, and it is his main ideological contribution to the party's ideology Ho Chi Minh Thought.
Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.
Rear axle is VOITH brand, as well as medium axle, the front axle is of its own production with independent wheel suspension.
In Czech Republic are also produced trolleybus Škoda 33Tr SOR in Škoda Transportation, which are based on SOR NS 18 bodies.
Articulated single-decker bus NS 18 was presented with their prototype after the prototype has done both test drive through cities in Czech and Slovak Republic.
The Direct Vision Standard is a measure of how much HGV drivers can see from their cab directly (without the use of mirrors or video cameras).
From October 2020, Transport for London will require all HGVs over 12 tonnes entering London to have at least a one-star rating and from 2024 they will need at least a three-star rating.
To meet the one-star standard, a driver will need to be able to see someone's head and shoulders from within an acceptable distance.
Some haulage companies complained that the new standard placed a burden on their companies because they would have to contact the manufacturer to find out their safety rating.
This is why we’ve worked closely with the freight and logistics industry and vulnerable road user groups to develop the Direct Vision Standard and HGV Safety Standard Permit Scheme.
The Bristol Cliffs Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont.
It was created by the Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975, which makes it one of the oldest wilderness areas in the state.
The Eastern Wilderness Areas Act set aside for Bristol Cliffs Wilderness, including of private property claimed to have been improperly seized by eminent domain.
On September 28–29, 1975, a subcommittee of the U.S. Senate held a public hearing in Bristol, Vermont to receive testimony on a bill intended to rectify the situation.
The bill reduced the area of the Bristol Cliffs Wilderness to , in effect returning the disputed land to the local landowners.
The award has evolved from the original plaque, which is placed on the commemorative pillar near each planted Tree of Peace.
It will belong to Line 15-Silver, which is currently in expansion and should begin in this station, connecting with Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente.
He made his List A debut on 17 December 2019, for Burgher Recreation Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The book tells the story of a shy Japanese boy who hides at school until a new teacher takes notice of him.
In 2016, Michael Kosterlitz and David Thouless were awarded with the Nobel prize in physics for their idea, how thermally excited pairs of ``virtual´´ dislocations induce a softening (described by renormalization group theory) of the crystal during heating.
Based on this work, David Nelson and Bertrand Halperin showed, that the resulting hexatic phase is not yet an isotropic fluid.
Starting from a hexagonal crystal (which is the densest packed structure in 2D), the hexatic phase has a six-folded director field, similar to liquid crystals.
One of the transitions separates a solid phase with quasi-long range translational order and perfect long ranged orientational order from the hexatic phase.
The second phase transition separates the hexatic phase from the isotropic fluid, where both, translational and orientational order is short ranged.
The system is dominated by critical fluctuations, since for continuous transitions, the difference of energy between the thermodynamic phases disappears in the vicinity of the transition.
Fractals are characterized by a scaling invariance – they appear similar on an arbitrary scale or by arbitrarily zooming in (this is true on any scale larger than the atomic distance).
Unlike for melting in three dimensions, translational and orientational symmetry breaking does not need to appear simultaneously in 2D, since two different types of topological defects destroy the different types of order.
Michael Kosterlitz and David Thouless tried to resolve a contradiction about 2D crystals: on one hand side, the Mermin-Wagner theorem claims that symmetry breaking of a continuous order-parameter cannot exist in two dimensions.
The KTHNY theory shows implicitly that periodicity is not a sufficient criterion for a solid (this is already indicated by the existence of amorphous solids like glasses.
The double sum runs over all positions of particle pairs I and j and the brackets denote an average about various configurations.
The isotropic phase is characterized by concentric rings at formula_3, if formula_4 is the average particle distance calculated by the 2D particle density formula_5.
Unlike in 3D, where the peaks are arbitrarily sharp (formula_6-peaks), the 2D peaks have a finite width described with a Lorenz-curve.
The structure factor of Figure 1 is calculated from the positions of a colloidal monolayer (crosses at high intensity are artefacts from the Fourier transformation due to the finite (rectangular) field of view of the ensemble).
To analyse melting due to the dissociation of dislocations, one starts with the energy formula_7 as function of distance between two dislocations.
An isolated dislocation in 2D is a local distortions of the six-folded lattice, where neighbouring particles have five- and seven nearest neighbours, instead of six.
The main contribution stems from the logarithmic term (the first one in the brackets) which describes, how the energy of a dislocation pair diverges with increasing distance.
Since the shortest distance between two dislocations is given approximatively by the average particle distance formula_14, the scaling of distances with formula_14 prevents the logarithm formula_16 to become negative.
To create a dislocation from an undisturbed lattice, a small displacement on a scale smaller than the average particle distance formula_14 is needed.
The discrete energy associated with this displacement is usually called core energy Energie formula_19 and has to be counted for each of the formula_20 dislocations individually (last term).
An easy argument for the dominating logarithmic term is, that the magnitude of the strain induced by an isolated dislocation decays according mit formula_21 with distance.
The logarithmic distance dependence of the energy is the reason, why KTHNY-theory is one of the few theories of phase transitions which can be solved analytically: in statistical physics one has to calculate partition functions, e.g.
For the majority of problems in statistical physics one can hardly solve the partition function due to the enormous amount of particles and degrees of freedoms.
This is different in KTHNY theory due to the logarithmic energy functions of dislocations formula_7 and the e-function from the Boltzmann factor as inverse which can be solved easily.
This mean distance formula_27 tends to zero for low temparatures – dislocations will annihilate and the crystal is free of defects.
The dimensionless quantity formula_32 is a universal constant for melting in 2D and is independent of details of the system under investigation.
The strain field of an isolated dislocation will be shielded and the crystal will get softer in the vicinity of the phase transition; Young’s modulus will decrease due to dislocations.
In KTHNY theory, this feedback of dislocations on elasticity, and especially on Young’s modulus acting as coupling constant in the energy function, is described within the framework of renormalization group theory.
If a 2D crystal is heated, ``virtual´´ dislocation pairs will be excited due to thermal fluctuations in the vicinity of the phase transition.
Virtual means, that the average thermal energy is not large enough to overcome (two times) the core-energy and to dissociate (unbind) dislocation pairs.
In QED, the charge of the electron is shielded due to virtual electron-positron pairs due to quantum fluctuations of the vacuum.
Roughly spoken one can summarize: If the crystal is softened due to the presence of virtual pairs of dislocation, the probability (fugacity) formula_33 for creating additional virtual dislocations is enhanced, proportional to the Boltzmann factor of the core-energy of a dislocation formula_34.
David Nelson, Bertrand Halperin and independently Peter Young formulated this in a mathematically precise way, using renormalization group theory for the fugacity and the elasticity: In the vicinity of the continuous phase transition, the system becomes critical – this means that it becomes self-similar on all length scales formula_35.
Executing a transformation of all length scales by an factor of formula_36, the energy formula_37 and fugacity formula_38 will depend on this factor, but the system has to appear identically, simultaneously due to the self similarity.
The softening of the system after a length scale transformation (zooming out to visualize a larger area implies to count more dislocations) is now covered in a renormalized (reduced) elasticity.
It measures the ratio of the repelling energy between two particles and the thermal energy (which was constant in this experiment).
The sign of the interaction gives attraction or repulsion for the winding numbers formula_55 and formula_56 of the five- and seven-folded disclinations in a way that ``charges´´ with opposite sign have attraction.
The squared distance of two disclinations can be calculated the same way, as for dislocations, only the prefactor, denoting the coupling constant, has to be changed accordingly.
Figure 3 shows measurements of the orientational stiffness of a colloidal monolayer; Frank's constant drops below this universal constant at formula_60.
Continuous phase transitions (or second order phase transition following Ehrenfest notation) show critical fluctuations of ordered and disordered regions in the vicinity of the transition.
The red curve shows a fit of experimental data covering the critical behaviour; the critical exponent is measured to be formula_71.
The increasing shielding of orientational stiffness due to disclinations has not to be taken into account – this is already done by dislocations which are frequently present at formula_60.
For short range particle interaction (hard discs), simulations found a weakly first order transition for the hexatic – isotropic transition, slightly beyond KTHNY-theory.
Pilar Paz Pasamar (February 13, 1932 - March 7, 2019) was a Spanish poet and writer whose work has been translated into Italian, Arabic, French, English and Chinese.
After the Spanish Civil War, the family settled in Madrid, where the daughters were enrolled in the Carmelites school on Fortuny Street.
In her first works, there are similarities to poems written by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, Rubén Darío, Antonio Machado, and Juan Ramón Jiménez.
Her poems evolved as she made literary friendships in her native Jerez with Juan Valencia and, above all, José Manuel Caballero Bonald, who became her first poetic mentor in Madrid circles.
The Cadiz group included other poets from the province, such as José Manuel Caballero Bonald, Julio Mariscal, and José Luis Tejada.
In 1952, Paz enrolled in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of Complutense University of Madrid, although she did not finish the degree.
Between 1951 and 1956, she published three books that would make her the youngest and most celebrated poet of the moment.
Carmen Conde included Paz in all her anthologies, and years later, she occupied a prominent place in the Italian-Spanish bilingual anthology prepared by Maria Roman Colangeli (1964).
In the Complutense University of Madrid, she related to students who were part of the TEU (Spanish University Theater), including Marcelo Arroitia, Jaime Ferrán, and José María Saussol Prieto.
On August 12, 1963 she made a speech at the Royal Hispanic-American Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters of Cádiz where she reflected on the role of the poet.
The author, until then isolated in Cádiz, slowly returned to the literary context through three movements related to postmodernism and democracy: Andalusian literature, the boom of female writing in the 1980s, and the poetry of in the tradition of José Ramón Ripoll.
The book tells the story of a farmer, Mr. Penny, and his animals who wish to win first place prizes at a fair.
Commentators from Women Write About Comics, and The Beat considered the scene a case of transmisogyny, that would trivialize the violence against trans people.
The 2019–20 Denver Pioneers men's basketball team represent the University of Denver in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Pioneers, led by 4th-year head coach Rodney Billups, play their home games at Magness Arena in Denver, Colorado, with two games at Hamilton Gymnasium, as members of the Summit League.
Juan Antonio de Andrés Rodríguez (1942) is a Spanish politician who belonged to the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) and who previously served as President of the Government of Aragon, one of the Spanish regional administrations, from 1982 to 1983.
This is a list of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2501 to 2600 adopted between 16 December 2019 to present day.
The Breadloaf Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont.
It was created by the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984 and later expanded by the New England Wilderness Act of 2006.
Roughly half of the Breadloaf Wilderness, from its southern boundary at Middlebury Gap to Mount Roosevelt in its interior, was bequeathed to Middlebury College by Joseph Battell (1839–1915), a philanthropist and environmentalist from Middlebury, Vermont, in 1915.
It was the sale of these lands that prompted the Federal government to create the northern unit of the Green Mountain National Forest.
The Long Trail traverses through the heart of the Breadloaf Wilderness, from Middlebury Gap to Lincoln Gap at its northern edge.
This section of the Long Trail crosses at least ten peaks above , the highest of which is Bread Loaf Mountain at .
Additional access to the wilderness is provided by numerous side trails including (from south to north) the Burnt Hill Trail, the Skylight Pond Trail, the Emily Proctor Trail, the Clark Brook Trail, and the Cooley Glen Trail.
Hikers have observed more than 100 forms of life, including at least 70 species of plants and 25 species of animals.
He made his List A debut on 17 December 2019, for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The Fife Junior Football League was a football league competition operated in Fife under the Scottish Junior Football Association which operated as the top league in the territory until a merger in 2002; it existed for a further four years as a second-tier league before the name was discontinued in 2006.
It continued during World War I and had periods where there were sufficient numbers involved to have West and East sections whose winners would play off for the title.
Due to anticipated problems with travelling distances, the Fife clubs chose not to join the Intermediate dispute of the late 1920s, instigated by clubs in the West of Scotland who broke away from the SJFA.
The league stopped for six seasons during World War II and lost a number of member teams in the late 1940s, but was still being contested in 1968, being considered sufficiently strong to form one of six 'regions' across Scotland in a re-organisation of Junior football at that time.
The Fife area suffered from an economic decline in the subsequent decades, owing to the collapse of the mining industry which had provided the main source of employment in most towns and villages, with several teams folding and others struggling to continue as small isolated communities became impoverished and residents moved away.
As membership of the Fife League fell steadily, a few well-run clubs who had joined more recently than its oldest members became dominant, and in 2002 these teams were invited to form the new regional Superleague in the east of the country along with the leading teams in the East (Lothians) League and the Tayside League.
Fife's setup was retained as a feeder division to the Superleague along with the other historic districts until 2006, when they were fully integrated into the East Region; Fife's section became the Central Division below the Super League and a new Premier Division, but it was disbanded in 2013, meaning the county was no longer represented separately in the Junior grade.
He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Saracens Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The Joseph Battell Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont.
The wilderness area, created by the New England Wilderness Act of 2006, is named in honor of Joseph Battell (1839–1915), a philanthropist and environmentalist from Middlebury, Vermont.
There are numerous mountains in the area with altitudes of at least , including (from south to north to east): the Great Cliffs (), Mount Horrid (), Cape Lookoff Mountain (), Gillespie Peak (), Romance Mountain (), Worth Mountain (), Monastery Mountain (), and Philadelphia Peak ().
It was the sale of these lands that prompted the Federal government to create the northern unit of the Green Mountain National Forest.
The Long Trail crosses the entire length of the Joseph Battell Wilderness from Brandon Gap on its south edge to Middlebury Gap on its north edge.
Wilson graduated from Bethany College in 1982 with a bachelor’s degree in business and from Washburn University School of Law in 1985.
On December 16, 2019, Governor Laura Kelly appointed Wilson to the seat on the Kansas Supreme Court vacated by the retirement of Lee A. Johnson on September 8, 2019.
Wilson and her husband, Mike, are members of First Lutheran Church in Topeka, where she also serves as a Stephen Minister.
High school students in New York City carried their guns to school on the subways in the morning, turned them over to their homeroom teacher or the gym coach during the day, and retrieved them after school for target practice.
The George D. Aiken Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont.
The wilderness area, created by the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984, is named in honor of George Aiken (1892–1984), former U.S.
The Center for the Political Future is a non-partisan center housed in the University of Southern California's Dornsife College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
The Center has several departments and initiatives that further its mission: the Unruh Institute of Politics, the USC Dornsife/LA Times Poll, a Political Conversations series, a Fellows Program, and large-scale conferences.
Originally founded in 1978 as the USC Institute of Politics and Government, it was renamed the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics in 1987 after the late California politician Jesse M. Unruh.
Murphy is a veteran Republican campaign strategist and has worked for candidates Arnold Schwarzenneger, Jeb Bush, John McCain, and Mitt Romney.
The Center for the Political Future hosts a regular conversation series called Political Conversations, in partnership with the Political Science Department at USC.
The Center brings in guests from the world of politics, journalism, and other related fields to expose students to practitioners in journalism, politics, and public policy.
The Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics, named after long-time California politician Jesse M. Unruh, is a component of the Center for the Political Future.
Student programs include immersive professional experiences at the Iowa Caucuses, in California state politics in Sacramento, a leadership conference for LA-based high school women, and related coursework in these areas.
The Center for the Political Future hosts visiting Fellows each semester to teach classes pertaining to politics, public policy, and journalism.
The USC Dornsife/LA Times poll is maintained by USC’s Center for Economic and Social Research and conducted in partnership with the Center for the Political Future and the Los Angeles Times.
The 2019-20 Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey season was the 99th season of play for the program and the 58th in the WCHA conference.
He was unsuccessful, and the union dropped its sponsorship, but White nonetheless stood in Bristol West at the 1931 UK general election.
Ľubomír Rehák was graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1992 and started his professional carrier at the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic.
His first 5-year diplomatic posting abroad was in Moscow as the Private Secretary to the Ambassador and Political Officer for Central Asia (1993 –1998).
The 2019 South Africa Women's Sevens was a tournament held at the Cape Town Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa from 13–15 December 2019.
It will be the first edition of the South Africa Women's Sevens and will also be the third tournament of the 2019–20 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series.
The top two teams from each pool advance to the Cup/Plate brackets while the top 2 third place teams also compete in the Cup/Plate.
Sheep pens from the Spanish colonial and Mexican period, have been found at an archeological site, Corrales de Contadero (LA 31735, Río Abajo Site No.
In the 19th century, with Fort Craig, located across the river, providing protection from Apache attacks and providing employment, a small town named Contadero was established in the vicinity of the Corrales de Contadero in the 1860's along the river on the south side of the mesa.
It gradually declined, especially after 1895 when plans to develop a dam down river doomed the fields of the towns farmers along the river.
Within a few years the Elephant Butte Reservoir rose and covered the fields in the river valley and the town of Contadero, was abandoned.
Today there are only few remains of the settlement amongst the brush west of the railroad tracks, the ruin of the church and foundations of a house surrounded by Mexican era rock corrals.
On 17 December 2019, a special court, composed of Chief Justice of the Peshawar High Court (PHC) Waqar Ahmed Seth, Nazar Akbar of the Sindh High Court (SHC), and Shahid Karim of the Lahore High Court (LHC), found Musharraf guilty of high treason and sentenced him to death.
On 31 July 2009, a 14-judge bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan declared Gen Pervez Musharraf's action of declaring emergency in November 2007, as illegal and unconstitutional in the PCO Judges case's verdict.
On 5 April 2013, the Supreme Court accepted a petition filed against Musharraf that accused him of committing treason under Article 6 of the Constitution.
A three-member bench headed by Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry was constituted to begin hearing the case from 8 April 2013.
On 8 April 2013, a two-member bench led by Justice Jawwad S. Khawaja summoned Musharraf and ordered that his name be put on the Exit Control List (ECL).
On 24 June 2013, in the National Assembly of Pakistan, the-then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said that his government intends to file a written request before the Supreme Court to put Musharraf on trial for treason under Article 6 of the Constitution.
On 18 November 2013, the Supreme Court accepted the Sharif government's request to set up a Special Court to try Musharraf under Section 2 of the High Treason (Punishment) Act 1973 of the constitution.
On 19 November 2013, Sharif approved the names of SHC Justice Faisal Arab, BHC Justice Tahira Safdar and LHC Justice Muhammad Yawar Ali for the Special Court set up under Section 4 of the Criminal Law Amendment (Special Courts) Act 1976.
On 12 December 2013, the Sharif government submitted an 11-page complaint carrying five charges of high treason against Musharraf for his trial in the Special Court.
On 13 December 2013, the Special Court convened its first meeting at Federal Shariat Court and summoned Musharraf to appear before it on 24 December 2013.
On 2 January 2014, Musharraf was taken to the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) in Rawalpindi while on the way to the special court.
On 7 January 2014, the AFIC submitted a medical report to the special court stating that Musharraf was suffering from triple-vessel coronary artery disease.
On 18 February 2014, Musharraf finally appeared in court after avoiding twenty-two consecutive hearings, but no charges were framed against him.
On 21 February 2014, the court dismissed Musharraf's plea that had challenged the special court's jurisdiction and had asked that his treason trial be held at a military court.
In March 2016, Musharraf via his counsel moved an application before the Supreme Court seeking one-time permission to go abroad for medical treatment.
On 16 March 2016, the Supreme Court upheld a 2014 SHC ruling that ordered the removal of Musharraf's name from the ECL.
On 11 May 2016, the special court declared Musharraf an absconder in the treason case for his failure to appear before the court even after multiple summons.
On 5 December 2019, the special court said that it would announce the verdict in the high treason case against Musharraf on 17 December 2019.
On 17 December 2019, the special court found Musharraf guilty of high treason and sentenced him to death under Article 6 of the Constitution in a 2–1 split verdict.
On 19 December 2019, the special court released the 169-page detailed verdict authored by PHC CJ Waqar Ahmed Seth with a dissenting note from Justice Nazar Akbar.
On 13 January 2020, the Lahore High Court annulled the death sentence calling the special court that held the trial as unconstitutional.
The unanimous verdict was delivered by a three membered full bench consisting of the judges Justice Syed Mazahar Ali Akbar Naqvi, Justice Mohammad Ameer Bhatti and Justice Chaudhry Masood Jahangir.
Isaac David Christie-Davies (born 18 October 1997) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cercle Brugge, on loan from Liverpool.
Christie-Davies made his professional debut for Liverpool on 17 December 2019, starting in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup.
Born in Salvador, she was active in the student movement and technical workers' unions at the Federal University of Bahia, where she graduated in pharmacy-biochemistry in 1981.
Portugal is affiliated to the Communist Party of Brazil since 1979; she was elected state representative of Bahia from 1995 to 2003, when she was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies, having been reelected in 2006, 2010 and 2014.
Over the centuries, the family left several historical traces in Italy, especially in Tuscany, also because they maintained close friendships with the Catholic Church.
The first sources date back to 1321, the year in which Pietro Bianciardi became a monk of the Camaldolese order, an order of scholars founded in 1009 by people of a certain economic power.
Another testimony of power we find in 1358, in which the father Giovanni Bianciardi is one of the members that approves the Statutes of reformation of the Government of the Florentine Republic, in Florence.
Until then, the Palazzo was used as a holiday residence, preferring instead to settle in the high social class of Florence.
With the death of Bartolomeo Bianciardi, the family committed each year to distribute 10 scudi to the poors of the town.
In the late XVI century, the Monitore Fiorentino honor this family as an example of honest and rich citizens that performed help to the indigences with alms.
In effect on his journey to Rome, the Pope used to stay at the palace (he even had a room of his own).
Out of gratitude, he will provide the de Medici coat of arms in the Palazzo (still present next to the family crest).
To date, some members of the Bianciardi family continue to live there, one of them is also a municipal assessor, today.
There is a papal bull which attests that in the chapel of this noble family it is possible to confer the plenary indulgence on the day of St. Francis (4 October) and on the day of the forgiveness of Assisi (1 August).
Longstaff made his professional debut for Liverpool on 17 December 2019, starting in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup.
Boyes made his professional debut for Liverpool on 17 December 2019, starting in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup, which finished as a 5–0 loss.
He scored an own goal in the match, after blocking a ball from Ahmed Elmohamady, to find it looped over the goalkeeper's head into the corner of the net.
Catherin Michell Berni Noble (born 30 June 1994) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Club Plaza Colonia de Deportes.
The company claimed that it could solve complex equations more rapidly and with greater accuracy than commercial solutions such as Mathematica, MATLAB and Maple.
It does so by use of a recurrent neural network (RNN) or more often LSTM or GRU to avoid the problem of vanishing gradient.
Training typically uses a cross-entropy loss function, whereby one output is penalized to the extent that the probability of the succeeding output is less than 1.
She is one of two women ministers in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) Government and holds the post Minister for Culture.
Hamdi is an outspoken campaigner for Sahrawi women's rights, the value of cultural heritage and the importance of education to young people, especially those, like many Sahrawi who are displaced from their homeland.
Her work in these areas encourages international support for Sahrawi self-determination and in 2009 Hamdi led the delegation to the 2nd Pan-African Cultural Festival, held in Algiers.
During the festival, Hamdi publicly called on the Kingdom of Morocco to obey international law to enable self-determination and independence for the Sahrawi people.
She has been a vocal critic of the government of Morocco and their treatment of Sahrawi political prisoners, especially about a media black-out that was imposed on a group of 24 activists in 2013.
She has travelled widely discussing Sahrawi rights and the rights of Sahrawi women - women who have often taken up leadership roles within refugee camps.
She praised the support the Nigerian government was giving the struggle for independence and commented on how women from all countries in Africa needed to work together to claim, support and expand their human and civil rights.
Hamdi had previously led, with her colleague Zahra Ramdan, the 2003 delegation of the National Union of Saharawi Women on their tour of political party conferences in the UK.
This tour lasted nineteen days and they canvassed support for the Sahrawi cause and met with political leaders including Tony Blair, Jack Straw and Glenys Kinnock.
She was part of a wider discussion which included Nouria Hafs, the Secretary General of the National Union of Algerian Women, and Saida Benhabilès, the President of the Algerian Women's Movement for Solidarity with Rural Women.
Hamdi had previously led a 2003 delegation of Sahrawi women to the Algerian Popular Assembly, and met with its president Karim Younes.
Educating young people about Sahrawi heritage and culture and the access of Sahrawi young people to wider educational opportunities are important areas that Hamdi supports.
In 2001, Hamdi supported the delegation of Scouting and Guiding in Western Sahara to attend an international forum that eleven young people from the organisation attended.
She has spoken out publicly about the power of culture, both in terms of identity politics in Western Sahara, but also in term of how art or poetry can be a catalyst for the cause of self-determination.
In 2008, Hamdi petitioned Koïchiro Matsuura, Director General of UNESCO, to support educational programmes in Sahrawi refugee camps, as well as supporting work to preserve and promote their cultural heritage for the future.
She launched the 12th festival in 2015 jointly with SADR Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Omar and Dennis Thokozani Dlomo, who is South Africa's ambassador to Algeria.
In 2008, Hamdi visited Austria, where a team from GEZA were working to build a National Electronic Archive for Western Sahara.
In 2013, Hamdi travelled to Finland to raise awareness about women's rights in Western Sahara, especially in refugee camps and to open a new exhibition of artwork by Sahrawi artist Fadel Jalifa.
In November 2011 it was rumoured that a CD-ROM was being sent around refugee camps and on it were details of financial missappropiation of humanitarian aid, led by the Khadidja Hamdi.
While in middle school and high school, ski trips with her family friends the McCowns sparked an interest in anthropology as both Professor and Mrs. McCown were physical anthropologists.
Markze has worked at ASU since then, with a 9 year break from 1986 to 1995 when she worked as an anatomist at the Primate Foundation of Arizona.
Markze has made a number of discoveries including her work that has demonstrated the links between precision gripping, tool behaviors, and hand morphology.
Markze used experimental manufacturing of prehistoric hominin tools, behavior studies of chimpanzees, and morphological analysis,  to help discern which pre-modern human species were capable of tool-making.
According to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, between 2005 and 2014, Briones Ruiz and his network were responsible for cocaine trafficking from Mexico to the U.S., smuggling the cash proceeds back into Mexico, conducting money laundering from these earnings, and structuring financial activities to hide the illegal nature of his earnings.
He did this through his family-run gasoline company, Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. A fugitive from U.S. justice, Briones Ruiz faces up to life imprisonment and up to US$10 million in fines from his drug trafficking activities alone.
He owns several hotels and a Matamoros-based gas company, Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V., which is located on the highway connecting Matamoros with Reynosa.
According to the Public Registry of Property and Commerce (RPPC), Briones Ruiz registered Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. as a commercial entity in 2009.
That year, Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. opened up a Pemex station at their location but were only licensed short-term by Pemex to operate.
In January 2016, Pemex granted Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. a license to sell their standard and premium gasoline, effectively superseding the short-term license they owned.
The licence allowed for Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. to operate for 30 years should they follow the conditions stipulated in the contract.
Among the conditions were for Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. to ensure safety regulations, product control standards, insurance requirements, and that financial reports and transactions were kept for record-keeping.
Tex) filed a sealed indictment against Briones Ruiz and three of his collaborators: Beattie Martínez, Rogelio Nieto González (his brother-in-law), and an unnamed individual.
According to the indictment, Briones Ruiz and his network conspired to smuggle with intent to distribute over of cocaine from Mexico to the U.S. between 1 January 2005 and 22 October 2014.
Briones Ruiz and his wife were believed to have structured their transactions to hide the nature of their criminal activities; if found guilty, they faced up to ten years in prison and US$500,000 in fines.
Briones Ruiz and the rest of his network are from Matamoros and U.S. authorities believe they are not residing in the U.S.
It included information from a joint investigation from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Texas Department of Public Safety, Cameron County District Attorney's Office, the Cameron County Sheriff's Office, the Willacy County Sheriff's Office, and the Texas police departments of San Benito, Harlingen, Port Isabel, and Brownsville, across the border from Matamoros.
The economic sanction extends to four of Briones Ruiz's collaborators: Nieto González, Beattie de Briones, Ruiz Carrión and Claudia Aidé Briones Ruiz (his sister).
The sanction also extends to his company, Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. As part of the sanction, the U.S. government prohibited U.S. citizens from engaging in business activities with these entities and individuals, and froze all of their U.S.-based assets.
His network used Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V. to launder the Gulf Cartel's proceeds in Mexico and the U.S., where they deposited some of their earnings in Texan bank accounts.
Investigators stated that Briones Ruiz is the head of the criminal network and uses his family to further the Gulf Cartel's operations.
In a criminal court, Briones Ruiz (facing trial as a corporate officer of Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V.) would face up to 30 years in prison and up to US$5 million in fines.
His corporation can face up to US$10 million in fines if a court determines that it participated in the stimulated charges.
Briones Ruiz has an outstanding arrest warrant for his arrest in the U.S.; they have not issued a formal extradition request.
On 10 July 2019, Mexico's Financial Intelligence Unit (UIF) informed the Attorney General's Office (FGR) of the existence of eight gas stations that were suspected of being involved in money laundering.
In order to limit their suspected laundering activities, the Mexican government froze all Mexican bank accounts owned by Briones Ruiz, his sister and that of Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V.
The company was also blocked from being able to generate an official Tax Administration Service (SAT) digital logo, which effectively prevents it from conducting business operations.
However, Briones Ruiz and his sister responded by issuing writs of amparo to prevent the government from freezing their bank accounts.
In the report, the UIF noted that another of the sanctioned gas companies, KNG Ultra S.A. de C.V. (also known as Ultragas México), made business transactions with Combustibles Briones, S.A. de C.V.
The Washington Eastern Railroad is a shortline Railroad located in Eastern Washington, it runs on the CW Branch built by the Northern Pacific Railway in 1890 and was previously used by the Eastern Washington Gateway Railroad.
The Western Group won the bid to operate the state owned CW Branch on Sep 4th, 2018 and began operations in November 2018.
In late 2018-early 2019 WER began building a Extension on the Geiger Spur to service new facilities, specifically a transload to the airport.
The railroad serves the communities of Cheney, Four Lakes, Medical Lake, Airway Heights, Hite, Reardan, Mondovi, Davenport, WA, Rocklyn, Creston, Wilbur, Govan, Almira, Hanson, Hartline, Odair and Coulee City.
It goes out to Coulee City dropping off empty’s at various communities and comes back 1–2 days later picking up those loaded cars and takes the to Highline Grain (Four Lakes).
Every few days they run a Geiger Turn which switches cars around for various customers of the Geiger Spur and it also interchanges with BNSF at Cheney.
BNSF will run unit trains over WER trackage from Cheney to Highline Grain once a week to pick up grain and take it elsewhere.
At the age of 15, he was stabbed in the chest outside a house party, requiring emergency surgery to drain his lungs of blood.
Alongside boxing as an amateur he continued in pursuit of further education, studying at college and eventually moving on to Kingston University in London, earning a degree in marketing communications and advertising in 2015.
Riakporhe made his professional debut on 6 August 2018, scoring a four-round points decision victory over Jason Jones at the York Hall in London.
Following a second win in 2016 – a technical knockout (TKO) over Aaron Lacy in October – he scored three consecutive TKO victories in 2017; against Istvan Orsos in February; Milan Cechvala in May; and Jiri Svacina in October.
He began 2018 with a TKO victory over Adam Williams in March, followed by a win via corner retirement (RTD) against Elvis Dube in July.
Riakporhe's final fight of 2018 was against Sam Hyde on 10 November at the Manchester Arena, with the vacant WBA Inter-Continental cruiserweight title on the line.
Riakporhe won via eighth-round TKO after Hyde's trainer, Joe Gallagher, threw in the towel after Hyde sustained an eye injury from a right hook.
Riakporhe was behind on all three judges' scorecards at the time of the stoppage, with two judges scoring the bout 68–65 while the third scored it 67–66.
The fight was televised live on Sky Sports Box Office in the United Kingdom and streamed through DAZN in the United States as part of the undercard of Oleksandr Usyk vs. Tony Bellew.
The first defence of his WBA title came on 2 March 2019 against Tommy McCarthy at the East of England Arena in Peterborough.
Riakporhe won by split decision (SD), with two judges scoring the bout in favour of Riakporhe at 97–92 and 95–94, while the third scored it to Smith at 96–93.
The fight was televised live on Sky Sports Box Office in the United Kingdom and streamed through DAZN in the United States as part of the undercard for Dillian Whyte vs. Óscar Rivas.
Drawing from his experiences of a troubled upbringing, Riakporhe set up a company, Enhancing Minds, which focuses on talking to schoolchildren on positive thinking and the dangers of knife crime.
Sharpe made three appearances in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy in 1929, playing against the Marylebone Cricket Club, the British Army cricket team and the Royal Air Force.
Hill made his professional debut for Liverpool on 17 December 2019, starting in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup.
Jalen Pickett (born October 22, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Siena Saints of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC).
In his junior season, he led his team to a New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA) Class AA championship while earning most valuable player (MVP) honors.
He played for the Albany-based program City Rocks on the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) circuit and was teammates with five-star recruit Isaiah Stewart.
On February 17, 2019, Pickett had a career-high 46 points and 13 assists in a 107–100 triple overtime loss to Quinnipiac.
After the season he declared for the 2019 NBA Draft and participated in the G League Elite Camp but ultimately decided to return to Siena.
It includes contributions from CJ Flemings, Sophie, Le1f, King Mez, Speng, Denzel Curry, JK the Reaper, Nell, Mike Dean, and Syv De Blare.
She is a Reader (Associate Professor) at the University of East Anglia and an expert in sustainable farming and insect conservation.
Dicks was educated at the University of Oxford where she did a BA in Biological Sciences in 1995 and the University of Cambridge where she graduated with a PhD in the community ecology of flower-visiting insects in 2002.
She worked as a science writer before returning to academia as a postdoctoral researcher and then NERC research fellow at the University of Cambridge.
Dicks moved to the University of East Anglia in 2016 as a research fellow and in 2019 was appointed a Reader in the School of Biological Sciences.
Dicks' research has shown a need for redundancy in natural ecosystems, that is a need for extra resources and species to create longterm resilience.
Dicks has highlighted the importance of insect pollinators for food crops such as chocolate and coffee and supported the 2013 EU moritorium and subsequent ban on neonicotinoid insecticides.
Dicks has also researched the importance of vertebrate pollinators such as birds and bats and has been involved in horizon scanning to find future threats to pollinators such as agricultural expansions, use of agrochemicals and emerging disease.
The Studio Boat (Le Bateau-atelier) is a painting done in the impressionist style in 1876 by the French artist Claude Monet.
The work was executed en plein air in oil on canvas with a size of 72 by 60 cm and currently belongs in the collection of the Barnes Foundation of Philadelphia.
The floating studio enable him to paint views from the River Seine in the Argenteuil district that were otherwise inaccessible, commencing with a series of paintings of the sailing boats at Petit-Gennevilliers.
Monet lived by his beloved Seine throughout his life and painted his studio boat on several occasions, both at Argenteuil and at Giverny, where he later lived.
He was also pictured by his friend and protegé Edouard Manet working on the boat in 1874 in the company of his wife Camille.
Angie Cruz, an American novelist, is a Dominican descent who was born in Washington Heights in the city of New York.
After her return to 164 street, Soledad tries to tame her cousin Flaca’s unruly behavior and resists falling for a neighborhood boy, Ritche, besides dealing with the greatest challenge she was facing at the time.
Also, during her return, Soledad is forced to confront her family to understand the secrets behind the death of her father.
Gorda is Soledad’s aunt, who is also known as a witch (bruja), who treats her sister’s ailments with ceremonies and home remedies.
Hilda Caridad Cámpora Bello (September 26, 1914 – April 24, 1998), better known as Monina Cámpora, was a Dominican artist known for founding the School of Fine Arts in the city of San Juan de la Maguana and for being the first woman in the Dominican Republic to organize and conduct a women's orchestra.
She studied at the Liceo Musical, directed by , and obtained the degree of piano teacher upon graduating from the 's superior piano course.
In 1936, inspired by a similar group visiting from Cuba, she recruited fifteen women and founded the first Dominican female orchestra, named Monina Cámpora and Her Group.
In 1964, Cámpora founded the School of Fine Arts in San Juan de la Maguana, which offers courses in painting, sculpture, dance, music, and theater.
The 9th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 14 September 1957 at Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire.
The race was run over two 15 lap heats and a 35 lap final, and was won by French driver Jean Behra in a BRM P25.
The field also included several Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Roy Salvadori in a Cooper T43, finishing in eighth place overall.
The University of Wisconsin–Madison has won six NCAA Championship in its history, the most recent coming in 2006 (as of 2019).
The 2019–20 Western Illinois Leathernecks men's basketball team represent Western Illinois University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Leathernecks, led by 6th-year head coach Billy Wright, play their home games at Western Hall in Macomb, Illinois, as members of the Summit League.
They upset top-seeded South Dakota State in the quarterfinals of the Summit League Tournament, before losing to North Dakota State in the semifinals.
His win gave an invitation to the Masters in 1986 and 1987 but he failed to make the cut on either occasion.
In 2004, McGimpsey was charged after having cocaine delivered to his home but was cleared of having any links to the drugs.
The 2019 Big Sky Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big Sky Conference held from November 6 to November 10, 2019.
The Montana Grizzlies were the defending champions and did not successfully defended their title, losing to the Northern Colorado Bears in the semifinals.
Martinez is the current International Racquetball Federation (IRF) World Champion in Women's Singles, winning the title at the 2018 World Championships.
Martinez has competed on the Guatemala National Team at international tournaments since 2012, most recently she was a silver medalist in Women's Doubles (with Maria Renee Rodriguez) at the 2019 Pan American Games.
Martinez first competed at the International Racquetball Federation (IRF) Junior World Championships in 2009 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where she lost to Mary Zeng (USA), 10-15, 15-13, 11-3, in the semi-finals of Girl's U10.
But she won Girl's U10 the next year in Los Angeles, when she defeated Mexican Monserrat Mejia, 15-1, 6-15, 11-2, in the final.
She competed in Women's Doubles with Maria Renee Rodriguez, and lost in the Round of 16 to the South Korean team of Malhee Kwon and Mi Ok An, 10-15, 15-14, 11-7.
But they defeated South Korea in Women's Team event Round of 16, 2 matches to 1, and then lost to Canada in quarterfinals, 2-0.
Later in 2012, she won Girl's U12 at the World Junior Championships in Los Angeles by defeating Bolivian Wanda Carvajal in the final, 15-13, 15-13, and Martinez also won Girls U16 Doubles with Rodriguez.
Martinez and Rodriguez played Women's Doubles at the 2013 Pan American Championships in Cali, Colombia, losing in the Round of 16 to Colombians Cristina Amaya and Carline Gomez.
Martinez won Girl's U14 Singles at the 2013 Junior World Championships in Sucre, Bolivia, defeating Mexican Erin Rivera in the final, 15-9, 15-8.
She lost to Maria Paz Muñoz of Ecuador, 15-4, 15-9, in the Round of 32 in singles, and as in 2013, Martinez and Rodriguez lost in the Round of 16, but this time to Costa Ricans Melania Sauma and Sofia Soley, 15-13, 6-15, 11-10.
In Women's Singles, she defeated Argentina's Véronique Guillemette, 15-9, 10-15, 11-6, in the Round of 32, but then lost to Maria Jose Vargas of Argentina, 15-5, 15-5.
In Women's Doubles, she and Maria Renee Rodriguez lost to Mexicans Paola Longoria and Samantha Salas, 15-6, 15-4, in the Round of 16.
At the 2014 Junior World Championships in Cali, Colombia, Martinez again won Girl's U14 by defeating over Wanda Carvajal of Bolivia in the final, 15-2, 15-9.
Also in Cali, she and Rodriguez were 2nd in U18 Doubles, as they lost to Mexicans Alexandra Herrera and Ximena Gonzalez, 15-9, 7-15, 11-2.
Martinez reached the podium at an international event for the first time at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in Veracruz, Mexico, where she was a triple medalist.
Martinez was a silver medalist in both Women's Doubles (with Maria Renee Rodriguez) and the Women's Team event as well as a bronze medalist in Women's Singles, as she lost to Paola Longoria of Mexico in the semi-finals, 15-5, 15-9.
At the 2015 Pan American Championships in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Martinez lost in Women's Singles to the Dominican Republic's Maria Cespedes, 7-15, 15-12, 11-9.
In Women's Doubles in Santo Domingo, Martinez and Rodriguez reached the quarterfinals, but lost to Bolivians Carola Loma and Adriana Riveros, 6-15, 15-7, 11-7.
Martinez attended her first Pan American Games in Toronto in 2015, when she played Women's Singles, Women's Doubles and in the Women's Team event.
In singles, she lost in the Round of 16 to Mexican Paola Longoria, 15-3, 15-6, and in doubles, Martinez and Rodriguez lost to Bolivians Carola Loma and Natalia Mendez in the Round of 16, 10-15, 15-11, 11-5.
She helped put a scare into the host Canadian team in the first round of the Women's Team event, as she upset Frédérique Lambert in their singles match, and then went to a tie-breaker in the deciding doubles match before Canadians Lambert and Jennifer Saunders were able to pull out the victory.
In 2016, Martinez picked up her first medal at the Pan American Racquetball Championships, as she reached the semi-finals by defeating Michelle Key of the USA in the quarterfinals, 15-7, 10-15, 11-7.
At a couple weeks short of her 17th birthday and with just two podium finishes, little was expected of Martinez coming into the 2016 World Championships in Cali, Colombia.
To get there, Martinez defeated former 2-time World Champion Rhonda Rajsich of the USA in the Round of 16, 15-14, 14-15, 11-7, then beat Ecauador's Veronica Sotomayor, 15-9, 15-9, in the quarterfinals, and Mexico's Samantha Salas, 15-11, 14-15, 11-9, in the semi-finals, before falling to 2-time defending champion Paola Longoria of Mexico, 15-12, 15-5.
She also played Women's Doubles at Worlds in Cali, where she and Maria Renee Rodriguez defeated Colombians Cristina Amaya and Caroline Gomez in the Round of 16, 13-15, 15-13, 11-8, and then lost to Mexicans Longoria and Salas, 15-2, 15-5, in the quarterfinals.
In 2016, Martinez was again a World Junior Champion, as she won Girls U16 at the World Junior Championships in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, by defeating Mexican Monserrat Mejia in final, 15-13, 15-7.
In doubles, Martinez and Andrea Martinez got bronze, as they defeated Canadians Danielle Drury and Jennifer Saunders, 15-7, 15-13, in the Round of 16, Argentina's Véronique Guillemette and Natalia Mendez in the quarterfinals, 15-6, 15-9, before losing to Maria Paz Muñoz and Veronica Sotomayor of Ecuador, 10-15, 15-5, 11-4, in the semi-finals.
Martinez had her 1st semi-final appearance on the Ladies Professional Racquetball Tour in August, 2017 in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, as she reached the semi-finals with wins over Cristina Amaya in the Round of 16, and Rhonda Rajsich in the quarterfinals.
Perhaps that performance in San Luis Potosi spurred Longoria to partner with Martinez to play LPRT Doubles at the 2017 US Open, and they won the title by defeating Cristina Amaya and Adriana Riveros in the final, 15-5, 15-8.
Martinez lost for the first time since 2010 at the World Junior Championships in 2017 in Minneapolis, as Mexican Monserrat Mejia beat her in the final of Girls U18 Singles, 15-13, 4-15, 11-5.
Martinez competed in the 2017 Bolivarian Games in Santa Marta, Colombia, where she was a silver medalist in Women's Singles and the Women's Team events, and a quarterfinalist in Women's Singles.
Martinez and Rodriguez were silver medalists in Women's Doubles at the 2018 Pan American Championships in Temuco, Chile, where they lost in the final to Mexicans Paola Longoria and Alexandra Herrera, 9-15, 15-1, 11-8.
Martinez also earned a bronze medal in Women's Singles in Temuco, as she beat Argentina's Natalia Mendez, 15-12, 10-15, 11-2, in the quarterfinals, and then lost to eventual champion Rhonda Rajsich of the USA, 15-13, 15-10.
In Women's Singles, Martinez defeated Mexico's Alexandra Herrera in the semi-finals, 15-2, 0-15, 11-7, and then lost the finals to Herrera's team-mate Paola Longoria, 15-13, 15-7.
In Women's Doubles, Martinez and Rodriguez beat Colombians Cristina Amaya and Adriana Riveros in the semi-finals, 15-12, 12-15, 11-4, and then went breaker with Mexicans Longoria and Samantha Salas, but lost, 9-15, 15-9, 11-5.
Martinez won her match against Riveros, but they lost the doubles to Riveros and Amaya and Amaya defeated Rodriguez in the deciding match.
Seeded 6th in the medal round, Martinez beat Canadian veteran Jennifer Saunders, 15-2, 15-5, in the Round of 16, Mexican Samantha Salas, 15-4, 15-12, in the quarterfinals, and Argentina's Natalia Mendez, 15-8, 15-3, in the semi-finals, to set up a rematch of the 2016 final with 3-time defending champion Paola Longoria of Mexico.
In the final, Martinez came back from a game down to upset Longoria and win in three games, 8-15, 15-6, 11-6, claiming her first gold medal in international competition.
Martinez, at 19, became the youngest woman to be World Champion passing Canadian Christie Van Hees, who was 21 when she won in 1998.
In Women's Doubles at Worlds, Martinez and Rodriguez lost in the semi-finals to Bolivians Valeria Centellas and Yasmine Sabja, when Martinez picked up an injury in the second game of the match.
2018 continued to be a great year for Martinez, as she reached the semi-finals of the US Open Racquetball Championships - racquetball's premier pro event - for the first time.
She defeated Alexandra Herrera in the quarterfinals, 11-6, 11-8, 6-11, 11-9, to set up a rematch of the 2018 Worlds final with Paola Longoria.
With that success, Martinez was expected to win Girls U18 at the World Junior Championships in San Luis Potosi, Mexico in what was her last year of junior eligibility.
Martinez wasn't at the 2019 Pan American Championships, but she was on the Guatemalan team for the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.
But in Women's Doubles, she and Maria Renee Rodriguez got silver, as they reached the final with a wins over Colombians Cristina Amaya and Adriana Riveros, 12-15, 15-11, 11-8, in the quarterfinals, and Argentina's Natalia Mendez and Maria Jose Vargas, 15-9, 10-15, 11-1, but then lost to Mexicans Paola Longoria and Samantha Salas in three games, 15-5, 11-15, 11-5.
Carol Ann Dalton is a former Magistrate Judge and current Associate Judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
Dalton earned her Bachelor of Arts from City College of New York, Juris Doctor from New York Law School and her Master of Laws degree from George Washington University’s National Law Center.
In April 2002, Dalton was appointed as a magistrate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia pursuant to the Family Court Act of 2001 which created the seat.
President George W. Bush renominated her on January 9, 2007, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Noël A. Kramer.
The fruits are large and thick walled, often exceeding over a foot in length, and they are almost exclusively used to produce roasted green chili in New Mexican cuisine.
The Big Jim pepper cultivar was developed at New Mexico State University by Dr. Roy Nakayama, a son of Japanese immigrants and a man who had once been denied entry into NMSU because of his ethnicity.
The Big Jim is a hybrid of New Mexican chilies and a Peruvian pepper that was developed at New Mexico State University by Dr. Nakayama in 1975 in cooperation with Jim Lytle, the person for whom this chili pepper is named.
The Big Jim chili holds the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest chili pepper in the world, with individual fruits routinely exceeding 14 inches in length.
In common with most New Mexico chili cultivars, Big Jim chilies are somewhat variable in their fruiting, and produce individual peppers of varying heat, with most of the peppers being very mild (500 SHU), and an occasional medium pepper (3,000 SHU).
The Spingler Building (also Springler Building or 5 Union Square West) is an eight-story Romanesque building at 5–9 Union Square West, between 14th and 15th Streets, in the Union Square neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.
Built in 1897 by William H. Hume & Son, it replaced a five-story building of the same name, which burned down in 1892.
The Spingler Building occupies an L-shaped lot wrapping around 15 Union Square West to the north, and is also adjacent to the Lincoln Building to the south.
Union Square was first laid out in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, expanded in 1832, and then made into a public park in 1839.
The completion of the park led to the construction of mansions surrounding it, which were largely replaced with commercial enterprises following the American Civil War.
Despite this, the Spingler and Van Buren families continued to own the land under the western side of Union Square until 1958, leasing it out to various people.
The Spingler Institute for Young Ladies, founded in 1843, was located at 5 Union Square West from 1848 until , at which point it was turned into the Spingler Hotel.
The original Spingler Building, a five-story loft and commercial structure on the site of the hotel, was completed in 1878 at a cost of $115,000.
In 1892, the structure burned down in a fire that destroyed everything below the second floor, but only caused minor damage to its neighbors: the Lincoln Building (to the south) and 15 Union Square West.
On July 17, 1895, James L. Libby & Son leased 5–9 Union Square West as well as the adjacent 20 East 15th Street.
This was followed in 1906 by Henry Hart of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, though Hart seems to have moved out the following year.
Besides Aronson's firm, other garment companies seem to have occupied the Spingler Building in the early 20th century, including the London Button Company.
In the late 1990s, the supply store chain Staples announced that it would open a location on Union Square West between 14th and 15th Streets, within of space across two floors.
Just before the store's opening, a particular point of contention was the presence of several large signs, including a lighted sign with letters; four vertical signs on the facade; and a bright red background behind some of the store windows.
The Union Square Business Improvement District had requested that Staples reduce the size of these signs in January 1997, saying that the signs might be visually distracting.
The New York City Department of Buildings had approved and then revoked the signs' permits, but even after the permit was rescinded, Staples erected the signs anyway, The dispute resulted in Staples being issued a summons for the New York City Criminal Court, and by the end of the year, the signs had been dismantled.
The facade of the two-story base is of limestone; the five-story shaft is made of brick with terracotta detailing; and the one-story capital is made of terracotta.
an overall score of 4.5 out of five, rating graphics, game quality, and price five stars, but giving sound three stars.
The Maestà of Santa Maria dei Servi is a tempera and gold on panel painting by Cimabue or his workshop, dating to c.1280-1285, between his Louvre Maestà (c.1280) on the one hand and the Assisi frescoes (1288-1292) and the Santa Trinita Maestà (c.1290-1300) on the other.
Thode, Strzygowsi, Zimmermann, Aubert, Suida, Weigelt, Offner, Chiappelli, Supino, Venturi, Toesca, Berenson, Sandberg Vavalà, Lavagnino, Becherucci, Volpe, Venturoli, Tartuferi and Bellosi all argued that it was a wholly autograph work by Cimabue, though Sirén and Coletti were more doubtful.
Salmi, Longhi, Ragghianti, Samek, Ludovici, Battisti, Bologna and Marques accept Cimabue's authorship but argued for heavy participation by his workshop, whilst Nicholson, Sinibaldi, Savini and Lazarev argued it was a wholly studio work.
As a prominent member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), she received from them the Hunger Strike Medal after going on a hunger strike in prison during which she was force-fed.
In her later years she resided in California in the United States before emigrating to Australia where spent her last years.
After joining the Ealing branch of the Women's Social and Political Union Gatty became a militant suffragette, on one occasion chaining herself to the gates at Hyde Park.
In November 1911 Gatty was sentenced to three weeks imprisonment in Holloway Prison after taking part in a campaign of window smashing after the government 'torpedoed' the anticipated Conciliation Bill which was seen as a progressive step towards achieving women's suffrage.
In Holloway she went on hunger strike for which action she received a Hunger Strike Medal from the leadership of the WSPU.
In January 1912 she was again arrested while causing a disturbance when women had been excluded from the trial of Emily Davison, but this time she was released without charge.
Gatty was a close friend of fellow-suffragette Davison (in May 1913 Gatty invited Davison for tea) who was killed when she ran in front of the horse of Edward VII at the 1913 Derby.
In March 1912 Gatty took part in a further campaign of window smashing in March 1912 on behalf of the WSPU for which she was sentenced to six months imprisonment for smashing glass valued at £42.
At her trial she said that men were allowed to break women’s hearts and homes without punishment and contrasted her sixth month sentence for minor property damage to the two month sentence an Edinburgh man received for breaking his wife’s skull.
On her release from prison in August 1911 she was immediately rearrested for smashing a window at the post office in Abergavenny in Wales, stating that she had done so to protest against the exclusion of women from such official lists as the electoral register.
In the latter stages of 1912 Gatty became Secretary to the Suffrage Atelier (SA), an organisation of suffrage artists in London who created and printed postcards, posters and banners for the women's suffrage movement.
By 1913 Gatty was an organiser for the National Amalgamated Union of Shop Assistants, Warehousemen and Clerks while in her later years she had links to the Communist Party, regularly corresponding with the journalist and activist Anna Louise Strong.
In total she was imprisoned nine times for her activities on behalf of women's suffrage and the movement to abolish capital punishment.
Gatty was an active member of the International Coordination Committee for Aid to Republican Spain, and was one of the organisers of the Co-operative Party in England in addition to being a lifelong advocate of Irish Home Rule.
In January 1893 in St Mary’s church in Islington she married William Lewis Reid (1858–1923) of the Reid & Sons family of silversmiths.
She and Manson lived together as husband and wife and Reid alleged she had given birth to Manson's child in 1898.
In September 1934 Gatty, representing Action Feministe Internationale, attended a conference on 'Ethiopia and Justice' organised by Sylvia Pankhurst at the Central Hall, Westminster.
Emma Katharine Gillett-Gatty emigrated to Strathfield in New South Wales Australia in 1947, and here she died in 1952 aged 81.
Suave Richard (Japanese スワーヴリチャード, foaled 10 March 2014) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2019 Japan Cup.
He showed promising form as a juvenile in 2016 when je won one of his three races and finished second in the Tokyo Sports Hai Nisai Stakes.
In the following year he was one of the best colts of his generation in Japan, winning the Tokinominoru Kinen and the Copa Republica Argentina and running second in the Tokyo Yushun.
As a four-year-old he won the Kinko Sho and the Grade 1 Osaka Hai as well as taking third place in both the Yasuda Kinen and the Japan Cup.
In 2019 he finished third in the Dubai Sheema Classic and the Takarazuka Kinen and won the Japan Cup at Tokyo Racecourse in November.
As a foal in 2014 he was consigned to the Japan Racing Horse Association Select sale and was bought for ¥167,400,000 by MMB Co Ltd.
He was from the seventh crop of foals sired by Heart's Cry a horse whose wins included the Arima Kinen and the Dubai Sheema Classic.
Suave Richard's dam Pirramimma was a Kentucky-bred mare who was imported to Japan where she demonstrated no racing ability, finishing unplaced in her two track appearances.
On 11 September at Hanshin Racecourse Suave Richard began his racing career by finishing second to Meliora in a 2000 metres contest for previously unraced juveniles.
On 19 November he was stepped up in class for the Grade 3 Tokyo Sports Hai Nisai Stakes over 1800 metres at Tokyo Racecourse when he started at odds of 7.1/1 and finished second, beaten a neck by Bless Journey.
In the official Japanese rankings for 2016, Suave Richard was rated the fifth-best two-year-old colt, four pounds behind the top-rated Satono Ares.
Suave Richard made his three-year-old debut in the Tokinominoru Kinen (a trial race for the Satsuki Sho) over 1800 metres at Tokyo on 12 February and started the 2.1/1 second favourite.
Ridden by Hirofumi Shii he settled behind the leaders before staying on in the straight, taking the lead in the last 200 metres and drawing away to win by two and a half lengths from Etre Digne.
In the 77th running of the Satsuki Sho at Nakayama Racecourse on 26 April he started second choice in the betting but although he finished strongly he was never able to reach the leaders and came home sixth behind Al Ain.
He was then moved up in distance for the Tokyo Yushun over 2400 metres at Tokyo on 26 May in which he again made good late progress but failed by three quarters of a length to reel in the winner Rey de Oro.
After a break of over five months Suave Richard returned in the Grade 2 Copa Republica Argentina over 2500 metres at Tokyo, a race in which he was matched against older horses for the first time and ridden by Mirco Demuro, who became his regular jockey.
After racing in mid division he moved up on the inside entering the straight, gained the advantage 300 metres out and quickly broke clear of the field to win by two and a half lengths from the five-year-old Sole Impact.
On his final run of the season the colt contested the Arima Kinen at Nakayama on 24 December and came home fourth of the sixteen runners behind Kitasan Black, Queens Ring and Cheval Grand.
In the 2017 World's Best Racehorse Rankings, Suave Richard was given a rating of 118, making him the was rated the 90th best horse in the world and the seventh best horse in Japan.
On his first run as a four-year-old Suave Richard started odds-on favourite for the Grade 2 Kinko Sho at Chukyo Racecourse over 2000 metres on 11 March.
After tracking the front-running outsider Satono Noblesse for most of the way he took the lead in the closing stages and won by half a length, with Satono Diamond a length away in third place.
Suave Richard raced towards the rear in the early stages before rushing up on the outside to dispute the lead in the straight.
In June the colt was dropped back in distance for the Yasuda Kinen over 1600 metres and started favourite, but after challenging for the lead in the straight he was outpaced in the final strides and came home third behind Mozu Ascot and Aerolithe, beaten a neck and three quarters of a length.
Returning from a lengthy summer break, Suave Richard was made favourite for the autumn edition of the Tenno Sho at Tokyo on 28 October.
but after being badly hampered shortly after the start he was never in serious contention and finished tenth behind Rey de Oro.
The colt ended his season in the Japan Cup at Tokyo on 25 November in which he started the 5.5/1 second favourite and finished third behind Almond Eye and the front-running Kiseki.
In the 2018 World's Best Racehorse Rankings Suave Richard's rating of 121 made him the thirty first best racehorse in world.
Suave Richard began his fourth campaign in the Nakayama Kinen over 1800 metres on 24 February when he stayed on well without being able to reach the leaders and came home fourth behind Win Bright, Lucky Lilac and Stelvio.
Rather than attempt a repeat victory in the Osaka Hai, the horse was sent to the United Arab Emirates to contest the Dubai Sheema Classic at Meydan Racecourse on 30 March.
Ridden by Joao Moreira he was restrained at the rear of the field before finishing strongly to take third place behind Old Persian and Cheval Grand.
On his return to Japan he went off the 7.8/1 sixth choice in the betting for the Takarazuka Kinen over 2200 metres on 23 June at Hanshin.
He finished third behind Lys Gracieux and Kiseki after racing on the wide outside for most of the way before keeping on well in the straight.
On his return in autumn Suave Richard was partnered by Norihiro Yokoyama when he made his second bid for the Tenno Sho.
He raced in mid-division before making some progress in the straight but never looked likely to win and came home seventh behind Almond Eye, beaten five and a half lengths by the winner.
On 24 November Suave Richard was one of fifteen horses to contest the 39th running of the Japan Cup and started the 4.1/1 third choice in the betting behind Rey de Oro and Wagnerian.
Ridden by Oisin Murphy he raced in mid-division he made a forward move on the inside entering the straight, gained the advantage 200 metres from the finish and held off the challenge of the three-year-old filly Curren Bouquetd'Or to win by three quarters of a length.
In January 2020, at the JRA Awards for 2019, Suave Richard finished third to Win Bright and Indy Champ in the poll to determine Best Older Male Horse.
He is currently serving as the Nancy Schrom Dye Chair in Middle East and North African Studies at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio.
Born in Tehran, Mahallati initially studied economics at the National University of Iran and civil engineering at the University of Kansas in the US.
Later, he obtained a master's in political economy from the University of Oregon and earned his PhD in Islamic studies from McGill University in Canada.
Serving as the chair of the department of economics in Kerman University for a year, Mahallati became a diplomat and spent a decade working with the United Nations.
In 2007, he joined the Oberlin College and is still serving as the Presidential Scholar in Islamic Studies and the Nancy Schrom Dye Chair in Middle East and North African Studies.
The retreat in San Jose, California was the largest retreat and hosted 1,300 attendees from the United States as well as the UK, Australia, Malaysia and Singapore.
It can be distinguished from other bats in Peru by its lack of a nose-leaf, tail extending beyond the edge of the uropatagium, large antitragus, reduced tragus, ears joined over the forehead, smooth upper lip, and ears longer than .
It has been documented in the type locality of El Algarrobal as well as the Ocoña Valley in the Department of Arequipa.
The film is an adaptation of Aleksandrs Grīns' novel of the same name written during his service as a Latvian Rifleman in World War I.
During the first five weeks of screening the film was seen by more than 200,000 people, making it the most-watched film since the restoration of Latvian independence.
After losing his mother and home sixteen-year-old Artūrs decides to join the national battalions of the Imperial Russian army in hopes of finding glory.
Former Minister of Defence Raimonds Bergmanis had a cameo appearance in the film, while the current Minister of Defence Artis Pabriks appeared as an extra.
Showing a half-length Madonna Odigitria-type Madonna, it originally hung in the collegiate church of Santi Lorenzo e Leonardo but now hangs in the Museo di Santa Verdiana in Castelfiorentino.
Over time it has been attributed to various artists, particularly Duccio di Buoninsegna due to its similarities with his Crevole Madonna or Cimabue or a collaboration between the two.
After a 1930-1931 restoration by Giorgina Lucarini it was more precisely attributed to Cimabue by most art historians, including Miklos Boskovitz and Luciano Bellosi, the two main experts on medieval Tuscan art, drawing on Duccio's slightly earlier Crevole Madonna.
Conduit is the debut album from machinegum, led by Fabrizio Moretti of The Strokes It was released on December 8, 2019.
The remains of the settlement (Hillfort) site of the Kievan Rus' period (IX-XIII centuries) have been preserved on the territory of the village.
He was born and died in Florence, graduating from the University of Florence in 1963 alongside Roberto Longhi with a thesis on Lorenzo Monaco.
He worked for the Soprintendenza alle Gallerie di Firenze from 1969 to 1979, before teaching medieval art history at the University of Siena until retiring in 2002.
In the second (semi-final) stage, the winner of each group plays the runner up of their group over two games, home and away.
In the third (final) stage, the two winning teams from the second (semi-final) stage play over two legs, with the team with the best record in the competition so far playing the second leg at home.
The two best placed teams (other than those already participating in a national league) qualify to participate in the 2021 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.
In the semi-final stage, the winner of each group will play the runner up of their group over two games, home and away.
The final will take place over two games, home and away, and the team with the best record in the competition has home advantage in the second leg.
Nealis is the most recent recipient of the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament Most Outstanding Player for the defensive category.
As a sophomore in 2013, Nealis scored the winning goals in both the semi final and final of the 2013 NYSPHSAA Class AA tournament where he was also named MVP.
During the 2019 season, Nealis was also named a finalist for the MAC Hermann Trophy, an annual award to the top college soccer player in the nation.
On January 9, 2020, Nealis was selected by Inter Miami CF as the third overall pick in the 2020 MLS SuperDraft.
Nealis' older brother, Sean played collegiate soccer for Hofstra University and is currently a defender for the New York Red Bulls.
This is Villa's first EFL Cup final since 2010; at the other hand, this is City's third successive EFL Cup final and their fourth in the last five seasons – winning every one of them.
Aston Villa, as a Premier League team not involved in European competition, started in the second round where they played EFL League Two club Crewe Alexandra away.
At Gresty Road, Aston Villa won 6–1 with two goals from Conor Hourihane as well as goals from Ezri Konsa, Keinan Davis, Frederic Guilbert and Jack Grealish.
At Villa Park, they progressed to the next round with a 2–1 win thanks to goals from Anwar El Ghazi and Ahmed Elmohamady.
Liverpool played their youth team due to their senior team competing in the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup in Qatar, and Villa won 5–0 with goals from Hourihane, two from Jonathan Kodjia, Wesley and an own goal from Morgan Boyes.
After a 1–1 draw in the first leg away at the King Power Stadium, Villa reached the final after a 2–1 win at Villa Park with goals from Matt Targett and a 93rd minute winner from Trézéguet to complete a 3–2 aggregate victory.
2019 EFL Cup holders Manchester City, as a Premier League team involved in the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, started the competition in the third round.
City earned a 3–1 victory in the first leg at Old Trafford, with goals from Bernardo Silva, Riyad Mahrez and an own goal from Andreas Pereira.
The Crevole Madonna is a c.1283-1284 tempera and gold on panel painting by Duccio di Buoninsegna, originally in the Pieve di Santa Cecilia in Crevole and now in the Museo dell'Opera metropolitana del Duomo in Siena.
She is professor of ecology at Royal Holloway, University of London and she researches ecosystem services in forests, the interactions between insects and plants and is an expert in meta-analyis.
Koricheva is originally from Russia and did a BSc in Zoology and Entomology at Saint Petersburg State University and then a PhD at the University of Turku in Finland, looking at the effects of air pollution on the interactions between birch trees and insect herbivores.
Koricheva then moved to the Swedish Agricultural University before becoming a lecturer at Royal Holloway, University of London in 2004, where in 2011 she was appointed professor of ecology.
Koricheva has carried out research in forests throughout her career and she established a long term experiment in the Satakunta forest in south west Finland in 1999.
Her work has shown that forests with a high diversity of tree species are able to better provide ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, than forests with few different tree species.
A newspaper bag or newspaper sleeve is a lightweight bag or sleeve used to wrap newspapers to protect them from the elements.
When used intermittently, paperboys would roll the papers and insert them in the plastic sleeves as part of their daily preparations.
Originally known for Antarctic krill oil production, the company now operates an industrial-scale licensed cannabis processing plant in Quebec, CA, and a hemp processing facility in North Carolina in the U.S.
In 2003, after constructing a new facility in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Neptune launched its first product, Neptune Krill Oil, creating a new omega-3 category, manufactured using acetone as a solvent.
Following the accident, the company spent two years rebuilding the plant and was required to meet several safety conditions before resuming production in 2014.
In 2017, Neptune essentially exited the bulk krill oil manufacturing and distribution business, selling its client list to its main competitor, Aker BioMarine of Oslo, Norway, for $34 million.
The company invested the proceeds of the sale toward the $70 million conversion project of its Sherbrooke facility to process cannabis biomass using new cold-ethanol technology and rebranded to Neptune Wellness Solutions.
Neptune was licensed by Health Canada in January 2019 to enter the cannabis market, allowing the company to manufacture and purify cannabis extracts and oil.
After receiving the license, the company entered into a three-year contract with Canadian companies The Green Organic Dutchman and Tilray, securing cannabis and hemp biomass for extraction of crude resin, winterized oil, and distillate extracts for their products.
Made from Antarctic krill, a sustainable and non-genetically-modified source of omega-3 fatty acids, Neptune’s krill-based supplements are available to consumers in the U.S. and Canada for direct purchase or through its distributors.
The company is involved in all aspects of product production, including farmer collaboration during the growth cycle to processing, formulating, testing, packaging and distributing finished products to customers.
Bearne made his professional debut for Liverpool on 17 December 2019, coming on as a substitute in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup.
These led to its abandonment in favour of the parasol wing Shavrov Sh-2 amphibian which was built in large numbers, some active as late as 1964.
Cordella Stevenson was an African-American woman who was lynched by a mob of white men in Columbus, Mississippi on December 15, 1915.
Based on Frank's hunch that Stevenson had burned the barn, police arrested Cordella Stevenson and her husband Arch Stevenson and held them for six days.
Upon their release, a mob of white men broke into their home, sexually assaulted her and hung her naked from a tree near the Mobile and Ohio Railroad.
The party put up three candidates in the 2019 United Kingdom general election: Siân Caiach in Cardiff Central; Gwyn Wigley Evans in Montgomeryshire; and Laurence Williams in Vale of Glamorgan.
These seats are where Plaid Cymru did not stand as part of the Remain Alliance with the Liberal Democrats and Green Party.
The 2020 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship will be the 130th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.
Clarkson made his professional debut for Liverpool on 17 December 2019, coming on as a substitute in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup.
The 1957 Caen Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 28 July 1957 at the Circuit de la Prairie, Caen.
The race was run over 86 laps of the circuit, and was won by a lap by French driver Jean Behra in a BRM P25, the first Grand Prix win for the P25.
Addison and Clayton both objected to the new practice of having parts of operas performed in London sung in Italian; they felt that the texts used should be examples of the finest literary English.
It was accompanied by a prologue that compared Marlborough to Henry II, and at the climax of the story the sleeping Henry sees a vision of the future of the spot where he is resting and a huge plan of Blenheim Palace is unfurled on stage.
Clayton wrote music for a work called 'The Passion of Sappho, and Feast of Alexander’ that was performed at his house in York Buildings, but he appears never to have written again for a professional production.
After such vehicles were ruled ineligible, he moved on to racing Ford Customlines, winning the main saloon car race at the Albert Park Circuit in March 1957.
In October 1956 Lukey purchased a Cooper T23 Bristol which he first raced in the 1956 Australian Grand Prix meeting, finishing ninth in the main event.
The following year Lukey used the car at Coonabarabran to establish a new Category E Australian National Speed record of 147.4 mph for the flying kilometre.
Lukey acquired a Cooper T45 from Jack Brabham in early 1959 and embarked upon a concerted campaign to win the 1959 Australian Drivers' Championship.
His last race was the 1960 New Zealand Grand Prix after which he retired from active participation at the age of 38.
In 1964 Lukey purchased the property which included what is now the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria for $40,000.
While the history of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina dates back to the Expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, Jews did not settle in Zenica until 1750.
By 1885, the community had built a synagogue next to the local bazaar and a Jewish cemetery outside of the city.
In 1910 the Jewish community in Zenica was 297, with about 200 living in the city on the eve of the Invasion of Yugoslavia.
185 members of the Zenica Jewish community were killed in the Holocaust, and those who returned to their homes after the war were unable to rebuild the demolished synagogue building themselves, so the building took on other roles.
In 1968 the Jewish Community of Yugoslavia reached an agreement with the city to turn the building into a local museum.
Norris made his professional debut for Liverpool whilst still a scholar on 17 December 2019, coming on as a substitute in the away match against Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the EFL Cup.
To raise the necessary, money he takes a job as a butler so he can rob the wealthy homeowners of their belongings while they sleep.
The player must rob belongings around the house while simultaneously preventing the homeowner from bumping into obstacles, which will wake up the owner and foil the Pink Panther's theft.
The player has various items that can be used to avoid Clouseau and also prevent the sleepwalking homeowner from waking up.
Items such as catapults and springboards can be used to help the homeowner get across obstacles, and a bell can also be used to redirect the owner in different directions.
The book tells the story of a mouse who secretly works at a cheese factory and what happens when the owner brings a cat to the factory.
The 2020 Pac-12 Conference football season will be the 42nd season of Pac–12 football taking place during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The season will begin on August 29, 2020, and will end with the 2020 Pac–12 Championship Game on December 4, 2020, at Levi Stadium in Santa Clara, California.
The Pac-12 is a Power Five Conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, Big Ten Conference, and the Southeastern Conference, For the 2020 season, the Pac-12 is the tenth for the twelve teams divided into two divisions of six teams each, named North and South.
The Pac-12 will conduct its 2020 Pac-12 media days at the Loews Hollywood Hotel, in Hollywood, California, in July on the Pac-12 Network.
Below are the results of the media poll with total points received next to each school and first-place votes in parentheses.
This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games.
Any teams showing (_) following their name are indicating the number of All-Pac-12 Conference Honors awarded to that university for 1st team and 2nd team respectively.
Currently, the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources.
The system consists of three points for a first-team honor, two points for second-team honor, and one point for third-team honor.
College Football All-American consensus teams are compiled by position and the player accumulating the most points at each position is named first team consensus all-American.
A Democrat, Levesque has represented the 12th district in the New Hampshire Senate since 2018; she is the first African American to serve in that body.
She served on both the House Election Law and the Science Technology and Energy committees, where she earned a reputation for working across political lines in order to enact legislation that improved the lives of the families she represented.
In 2012, Levesque successfully ran for Hillsborough's 26th district, serving once again as Assistant Majority Floor Leader before being defeated for a second term in 2014.
In 2018, Levesque announced she would run for the 12th district in the New Hampshire Senate against Republican incumbent Kevin Avard.
After defeating Tom Falter in the primary election, Levesque defeated Avard in the general election 50.3% to 49.7%, a margin of 169 votes.
She is chair of the Election Law and Municipal Affairs Committee, and a member of the Judiciary Committee and the Transportation Committee.
The Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery is a set of mosaics covering the internal dome and apses of the Baptistery of Florence.
It is one of the most important cycles of medieval Italian mosaics, created between 1225 and around 1330 using designs by major Florentine painters such as Cimabue, Coppo di Marcovaldo, Meliore and the Maestro della Maddalena, probably by mosaicists from Venice.
The works continued until the start of the 14th century, ending around 1330, as reported by a passage in the work of Giovanni Villani.
According to Vasari the earliest mosaics was by Andrea Tafi, a semi-legendary figure, who produced the angelic hierarchies and the Pantocrator assisted by Apollonio, a Greek he had met in Venice.
It is impossible to confirm Vasari's account, though the earliest mosaics are also the most similar to those in San Marco Basilica, Santa Maria Assunta Basilica, other Venetian lcoations and Rome's San Paolo fuori le Mura, where the Venetian masters also worked after being summoned by Pope Honorius III in 1218.
Most art historians now attribute the compositions to a number of Tuscan artists but their realisation to mosaicists from Venice or the eastern Mediterranean.
Stylistic analogies with painted works enable links with the best 13th century masters, their collaborators, Giotto and the 'proto-Giottists' such as the so-called Last Master of the Baptistery identified by Roberto Longhi.
The double arch over the altar is decorated with busts of Christ, the Virgin Mary, the apostles and prophets, divided into compartments and decorated with leaves, possibly later work from the end of the 13th century.
On the rectangular apse is a frieze with cherubim and seraphim between clipei, over which are the vault mosaics by Brother Jacopo, which show some connection with those in San Marco Basilica in Venice.
At either end are mixti-linear figures with inscribed tablets above them – on these are four very ornate capitals in lively colours with very articulated lines, on which stand four telamons, folded to look like wheels.
The telamons have a lively plasiticity and resemble sculptures by the studio of Benedetto Antelami on the facade of Fidenza Cathedral.
To the left side of the telamons is an enthroned John the Baptist and to the right the Madonna and Child enthroned – both those panels are heavily restored, particularly the heads.
The wheel's structure structure is formed of classical swirls with rays containing candelabra, whose fantastical composition seem to anticipate 15th and 16th century grotesque art.
Between the rays are eight full-length depictions of prophets in Byzantine style with name labels at their feet – anticlockwise these are Moses, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Daniel, Ezekiel, Jermiah and Isaiah.
The upper frieze (2) shows the angelic hierarchies around all eight segments, whilst the rest of three segments (1) shows the Last Judgement, dominated by a huge figure of Christ, under whose feet is shown the resurrection of the dead.
The other five segments are subdivided into four horizontal registers showing (from top to bottom) stories from the Book of Genesis (3) and the lives of Joseph (4), the Virgin Mary (5), Christ (5) and John the Baptist (6).
The first scenes from the Baptist's life are thought to be from cartoons by the Master of the Maddalena and Cimabue.
The closest part to the centre of the dome contains a series of frames with lively plant-form decoration, followed by a band with spirals and rhythmic figurative images reminiscent of the wheel in the apse – in each corner is a kind of vase made of fantastical plant elements, aligned to small columns in the lowest register.
Where the symmetrical volutes join and above the central elements are small heads between clipei and under the volutes are elaborate fountains, from which deer, peacocks, rams, herons and other animals drink, all based on early Christian art.
At the centre is Christ Blessing, with an open book in his hand and flanked by red seraphim and blue cherubim, with the closest to him distinct in having three pairs of wings.
According to Pietro Toesca, the artist behind the first register was the same brother Jacopo who worked on the rectangular apse, assisted by Venetian masters.
The angelic hierarchies are traditionally attributed to Andrea Tafi and Apollonio, though Ragghianti argues Coppo di Marcovaldo produced the cartoon for the figure of Christ and the Master of the Maddalena that for the Powers.
The three segments above the altar show the Last Judgement, with the centre almost completely filled by a figure of Christ the Judge seated on the Circles of Paradise and holding out his hands, showing his wounds from the Crucifixion, one facing palm up and the other palm down, directing souls to heaven and hell respectively.
The large feet also show the wounds from the Crucifixion – their staggered pose, the robe's complex pleats and the side view of the legs avoid a rigid frontal effect, highlighted with golden tesserae.
Either side of the mandorla are three parallel registers, with two almost symmetrical hosts of angels at the top bearing symbols of Christ's passion and attributes of the Judgement, along with two angels sounding the last trumpet of the Apocalypse summoning the dead from their graves at Christ's feet.
In the second register are the Virgin Mary (with raised hands to Christ's right), John the Baptist (holding a scroll to Christ's left) and the twelve apostles seated on two long benches decorated as thrones.
Each apostle holds an open book with characters from a different alphabet to show their taking the Gospel to the whole world after Pentecost.
The lower register shows Paradise to the right and Hell to the left, with the souls taken to their destinations by angels and devils.
In the city three large patriarchs sit holding small sweetbreads in their laps amidst extraordinary colourful plants in a green flower-dotted meadow, the latter symbolised by a band.
In the front row of the elect are a king and a Dominican monk, followed by three virgins, bishops, a monk and a priest.
Art historians unanimously attribute the composition of the scene of Hell to Coppo di Marcovaldo, with less skillful areas by other hands.
Hell is dominated by a large Satan on a flaming throne, eating a man and trampling the damned while snakes growing out of his ears bite at them.
Satan's ass's ears underline his feral nature and are attributes of Lucifer and the Antichrist, whilst his horns derive from the Celtic god Cernunnos and symbolise the Church's defeat of paganism.
Devils also throw the damned into pits, impale and mutilate them, burn them on spits, throw them around and force them to drink molten gold.
The Baptistery is dedicated to John the Baptist and the scenes from his life occupy the lowest register on the dome.
These show angels and saints and their style agrees with Giovanni Villani's written evidence, which dates their completion to 1330 and probably dates the start of work to around 1300–1315.There are no art historical studies specifically on the mosaics of the women's galleries, though Venturi briefly notes that they were produced after 1300.
The vault has a central motif of a starry sky, symbolic of the Empyrean, surrounded by angels with unclear attributes, possibly another set of angelic hierarchies.
A frieze of panels runs around the base of the dome, showing saints, dating to the late 14th century from drawings by Lippo di Corso.
The women's galleries instead bear panels of prophets and patriarchs, attributed to the late 13th century Gaddo Gaddi by Vasari, who also states they were produced without studio assistance, though modern art historians also recognise the hands of his workshop and Andrea Tafi in them.
The Harmsworth Red Magazine, also known as Harmsworth's Red Magazine or just The Red Magazine, was a fiction magazine published by Alfred Harmsworth's Amalgamated Press in 620 issues from June 1908 to September 1939.
After graduating Panosian moved to Haiti, where she worked in a rural hospital on the diagnosis of conditions such as malnutrition and malaria.
Panosian moved to Northwestern University for her medical degree, which she completed in 1976, before starting her residency training at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Tripler Army Medical Center.
In 1984 Panosian joined the faculty at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) as the Chief of Infectious Diseases at Los Angeles County-Olive View Medical Center.
Leonard was born in Anambra state in Nigeria which is a south eastern geographical area of Nigeria predominantly occupied by the igbo people of Nigeria.
He is the first born child of his parents in a family of four consisting of two children, a mother and a father.
He received primary education in St Peter’s Anglican Primary School, Alausa, Ikeja In Lagos State and attended Oregun High School in Oregun, Ikeja In Lagos State also for secondary education.
degree he relocated to Kaduna State In Northern Nigeria and applied to Kaduna Polytechnic where he was accepted and eventually graduated with a B.Sc degree in Biochemistry.
Leonard debuted his career into the Nigerian movie industry in 2001 where he played brief one scene roles and took a break from acting almost immediately as he debuted in order to complete his university education and obtain a degree.
Leonard is an orphan and has spoken publicly about the devastating impact of losing both parents especially the death of his mother which he described as an unfortunate incident that has created a void in his life.
Leonard in an interview with a Nigerian print media This Day, described himself as introvert and not the party type and also revealed that he doesn’t drink nor smoke and maintains a very small circle of few friends and family.
English afternoon tea or simply afternoon tea is a traditional blend of teas originating from India, China, Sri Lankan, Darjeeling, Assam, and Nilgiri that gives an Asian or Indian flavour.
The meal which comes with afternoon tea often consists of light sandwiches, pastries, biscuits, muffins, scones or cookies, and cake as well as mixed fruits depending on the season.
The tea that accompanies the meal is described as a lighter medium bodied, bright black tea or other type of tea.
The game takes place across four levels, starting with a Russian sauna where Danko must engage in hand combat against enemies.
The player has a gun and limited ammunition for the next three levels, which take place in a hospital, a hotel, and a goods yard.
Mekfoula was born in the late 1960s (she doesn't know her date of birth as her parents were illiterate) in Tawaz, a village in the Adrar region and has 3 sisters and 3 brothers.
Mekfoula Mint Brahim is President of Pour une Mauritanie Verte et Démocratique (For a Green and Democratic Mauritania), a non-governmental organisation founded in 2009 which works with young people to protect and promote human rights and leads women empowerment projects in rural areas.
She has been using traditional and social media to speak out against discriminatory practices in Mauritania, including against women and members of the Haratin and Afro-Mauritanian communities, and against reprisals against human rights defenders.
A fatwa was issued against her and her friend and fellow human right activist Aminetou Mint El-Moctar in 2014 after they called for the death sentence of the blogger and political prisoner Mohamed Mkhaïtir to be quashed.
Montanari died in Buenos Aires in 2019; she had been given an award watched by 1,000 other actors earlier that year.
Of French descent, Claudette was born in Mexico, but spent several years of her adolescence in France, next to her mother and her siblings.
At age 20, Maillé returned to Mexico, where she continued to study acting at National Autonomous University of Mexico, but as a result of the strike suffered by the university, she switched to the Núcleo de Estudios Teatrales.
Mary Magdalene with Eight Scenes from her Life is a c.1280-1285 tempera and gold on panel painting by the Master of the Maddalena, now in the Galleria dell'Accademia in Florence.
Its original provenance is unknown, but it was mentioned as being in the vestibule of the monastery library at Santissima Annunziata in guidebooks by Follini-Rastrelli and Moreni, as part of a group of works within the collection of Francesco Raimondo Adami, Vicar General of the Ordine dei Servi di Maria.
It is operated by the city's public housing authority, Home Forward, and is the largest public housing development in the state.
It occupies the northeast corner of the Portsmouth Neighborhood, bordered on the north by Columbia Blvd, on the east by Woolsey Avenue, on the south by Houghton Street, and on the west by Adriatic Avenue.
It is served by Rosa Parks Elementary School and the Charles Jordan Community Center, which hosts the North Portland chapter of the Boys & Girls Club.
The site of New Columbia was originally built as Columbia Villa in 1942 by Home Forward, then called the Housing Authority of Portland (HAP).
The Villa was built to house the influx of shipyard workers who came to the area as ship production expanded in response to World War II.
It would be one of two HAP worker housing projects that would survive after the war as low-income public housing, when the units were converted to low-income housing for veterans at the end of the war.
The project maintained a positive public image through the 1960s, being praised for its beauty in a 1962 issue of The Oregonian.
The shift in the 1970s has been attributed to changes in public housing regulations, persistent poverty, and the spread of heroin addiction.
A Portland Police gang detective reported that in 1987, a resident alerted him to the presence of members of the Californian 357 Crips in the Tamarack Apartments of Columbia Villa, who were later joined by members of other Californian Crips chapters, and began distributing crack cocaine in the area.
The arrival of the drug coincided with further decline in living conditions, as was the case in many public housing neighborhoods across the country.
The Villa was then the site of the city's first known drive-by shooting in 1988, when local Crips leader Joseph Ray Winston was murdered at a park on North Woolsey Avenue.
In response to rising crime in the neighborhood, the City of Portland, in cooperation with Multnomah County and the State of Oregon, initiated a Community Service Intervention Program focused on reducing crime and the fear of crime, and improving the quality of life in Columbia Villa.
The strategy was widely regarded as successful, and was used as a national model for improving public safety in crime-stricken neighborhoods.
In 1994, the HAP moved forward on a plan to completely demolish and rebuild the area with $35 million in funding secured from a federal HOPE VI grant, as well as funding from other sources that brought the project total to $151 million.
The HAP cited substandard housing and infrastructure, as well as the street layout's inherently isolating effect on the neighborhood, as factors in the necessity for a complete rebuild.
Residents were given the choice between transferring to other public housing or receiving a Section 8 voucher to use in securing privately owned rental housing.
In all, the cost of relocation services totaled approximately $4.25 million, with 74 percent of residents opting to receive section 8 vouchers, 23 percent moving to other public housing options, and 3 percent choosing to forego further housing assistance.
Residents were still affected by other disruptive factors, such as the fact that 46% of school-age children who relocated had to change schools.
Concrete and asphalt from old home foundations and street surfaces were salvaged and ground into fill material for structures and road bases in the new construction.
The new construction replaced 462 units with 850 units, 200 of which were single-family houses that were sold at market prices.
Five different home builders were contracted to build the single-family homes, in an attempt to diversify the appearances of the houses.
One point of criticism was the HAP's decision to list homes at market value while leaving apartments as the only subsidized option for low-income residents.
Some residents have complained that important notices, including those that affect residency eligibility, are often distributed in English only, in spite of the high number of non-English speaking refugee families in the community.
In contrast, the Portland Police Bureau released statistics that showed a much lower crime rate within New Columbia compared to the greater Portsmouth neighborhood, indicating that the development's reputation as the center of criminal activity was no longer accurate.
The new complex experienced its first shooting murder in 2010, when a 17-year-old boy was shot in the back by another teenager.
Portland Police established the New Columbia Policing Team in 2012 in an effort to improve community perceptions of police through face-to-face interactions with residents, including during follow-up investigations.
A resident Home Forward employee who reported serving as an unofficial liaison between residents and police stated that the team's work had resulted in more residents reporting incidents directly to the police, rather than anonymously through her.
In 2013, officers assigned to the team came under public scrutiny for arresting a 9-year-old girl and taking her to police headquarters in Downtown Portland for fingerprinting and mugshots after she got in a fight with another child at the Boys & Girls Club.
The Resident Community Builder program allows residents in good standing to assist in organizing and facilitating community activities in exchange for sliding-scale financial compensation.
They also help facilitate other programs, such as the K-CHING Youth Employment Program, which is a paid work experience program for 11-17 year-olds in the community.
One historical problem faced by New Columbia was its status as a low-income community paired with its status, according to the city and the USDA, as a food desert.
Planners included a grocery retail space in the development, but its first two occupants, Big City Produce and AJ Java, went out of business.
The Market Gardener Program assists residents in using these plots to grow produce which can be sold at the New Columbia Farmers Market, the St. Johns Farmers Market, and Village Market.
The Portland Fruit Tree Project also worked alongside Village Gardens organizers to plant a community orchard of 20 fruit trees adjacent to the garden, as an addition to the garden project's existing stand of 14 trees.
The Oregon Food Bank organizes and provides assistance to local teenage volunteers to run a food bank program called New Columbia Harvest Share.
These stories featured a monster maths teacher, animal nannies, a barber that specialised in making rude children behave themselves, a giant that cannot stop growing, a magical hat, a magic book, magic scissors, and a sweet shop full of mannequins.
The Frightfully-Busy family lives in South London and knew nothing about each other: the parents were workaholics that had no time for their children and their children Tristram and Candy spent every day bullying their nanny, Mrs Mac, and tell their parents a different story the moment they came home.
One day, they claimed that she had beaten them with their father's expensive golf clubs which got Mrs Mac fired, but that would be the moment where troubles began.
Mrs Frightfully-Busy is devastated that they had to get rid of an old family friend as she looked through a telephone directory but discovers the Animal Magic agency.
30 minutes after booking, a talking python is on the doorstep wearing an apron and carrying a briefcase, but Mrs and Mrs Frightfully-Busy had no time for any briefing and left for work immediately after the python's entire long body was in the hallway.
The python tells Candy and Tristam to treat her as a human nanny, ironically consenting to the children's behaviour and removing any fear they had of snakes.
They burned her tail in boiling water, tied her up and dunked her head in the toilet, made her slither over thumbtacks, and left her in the garden for birds to peck at her.
When their parents arrived home at 6 pm, the python slithered out of the house as fast as she could, but when the parents confront the children, Tristram claims that the python tried to strangle him.
Tristram takes her to the bathroom and he and his sister splash and pour water over the spider, and then demand that she makes a climbing frame in the garden out of her web.
She weaves as the children order her to make it bigger until it stretched across two gardens and was as high as the chimney.
As she slept, the children tied her up in it and poked her with a stick until their parents came home.
After their father escorts her out in a wheelbarrow, the children sob that she tied them to the ceiling by their ankles.
Mrs Frightfully-Busy telephones another complaint the next morning and goes to work immediately after, leaving enough time for Tristram to wait at the front door with a bat.
The door knocks and Mr Frightfully-Busy finds Mrs Mac on the doorstep, who was hoping that his children had found a new nanny.
It lived in the nearby caves and every brave knight that attempted to slay it for (one thousand rupees) was never seen again.
There was going to be a Maths exam soon but Tulsidor was unlikely to pass, no matter how many private tutors his parents hired.
One night, being distracted by 2+1 and 1+2 made him forget that sunset was over, and the monster charged towards the village looking for food.
Tulsidor fainted and woke up in a dark cave, spotting the monster sitting opposite reading, but is caught trying to escape.
Tulsidor enjoys his free Maths lesson and learns how 2+1 and 1+2 both equal 3, and explains that he had heard about the monster kidnapping and eating people and was worried the same would happen to him.
The monster is surprised to hear these rumours and replies that he wanted friends but all the animals would run away because of his appearance, and he was very clumsy because of his giant feet which constantly destroyed houses in the village.
When he got the highest test grade in the Mathematics exam, his teacher demands to meet the person who taught him.
Jaisalmer became the birthplace of history's best mathematicians and still is the best place in the world to learn maths 400 years later.
No one had ever been seen leaving and/or visiting and its original owner's whereabouts were unknown, but whenever it came to life, the front gates would open to allow a black car to drive out and back in.
His mother was terrible at discipline and had failed to make her son listen to her, whereas her husband was an emotionally distant workaholic and used army slang that often confused Timothy and made him misbehave more.
One morning, Timothy picked up his plate full of breakfast and threw it at the kitchen sink, splattering the eggs against the window.
Nervously, Mr King threatens that he was in the army but takes his wife with him for support as he leaves the kitchen to investigate the hallway.
His mother later theorises that The Spaghetti Man had just visited, explaining that he kidnaps children who refuse to eat their dinners.
This soon changed the next breakfast when Timothy reverted back to his old behaviour when a plate of toast was placed in front of him.
He rants about his hatred of the food and his family, and declares that he will not eat it as he leaves the kitchen.
Mrs King followed and dragged him back to the table as she tells him that she will not let him leave until he had finished.
He tried to get rid of it: he threw it in the bin, he sneaked out of the house and shoved it in a postman's bag, and tried to feed it to the goldfish, but the toast would still return to his plate.
Now that Timothy was home alone, he set out his revenge: he emptied the fridge into a bin bag and stuffed it behind his parents' bed; he broke every lightbulb in the house with rocks from the garden and kicked the cat; he graffitied into a door with a screwdriver; and went to the bathroom to flood it.
When the bath overflowed the bathroom door flew open but there was no one there apart from the smell of spaghetti.
A girl with red, curly hair explains that they are in Italy and will be turned into food by the Spaghetti Man.
Timothy gags at the thought of lasagne and attempts to start a revolt, jumping onto a table and yelling at the room full of children that they have been lied to and should leave, but in the doorway behind him stands a smug chef with a maniacal laugh smacking flour off his hands.
That night, Venitian citizens slept as the abandoned factory chugged and whirred until sunrise as the black car left and re-entered through the open gates.
Back home in the UK, Mr and Mrs King's lives improved, now that their son was not around to throw his food and yell about how much he hated them; Mrs King had noticed that Timothy was gone but never told her busy husband.
When he went back to work one morning, she went out to the shops to look for some lasagne for dinner.
This woman was Miss Shears, a representative of a fashion catalogue, and Felicity's mother wanted to show her daughter different clothes.
Felicity throws a tantrum because her father buys her new clothes every week but she is ignored as Miss Shears took out brochures of outfits that were not pink and lacy.
Felicity continues her tantrum and runs out of the room, leaving her mother to choose her the frumpiest outfits she had ever seen.
She refused to talk to her mother for many days and hid in the garden shed when the outfits were delivered.
She was horrified to discover that her old clothes had been moved out of her wardrobe and replaced with clothes of different shades of blue.
Because she could not find her old clothes, she improvised with bath towels, a fishing hat, wellington boots and a fur coat, and ran for the school bus, leaving her parents to bicker about who raised her better.
In order not to make her mother win, she planned to get rid of her new outfits by rewrapping them and sending them back to Miss Shears.
The scissors jumped out of her hand and landed on the top shelf of the wardrobe where her old clothes had been hidden and destroyed them as well.
The fabric in the room created a tornado that spun around Felicity and carried her across the room; Miss Shears' face appeared in the window and she floated away on a broomstick.
The government eventually decided to advertise the position through an audition-like process but they had no luck and a year later the government was certain that everyone in Ruritania had been considered and interviewed.
The next day, he assembled his army and charged through the country, destroying every Ruitanian thing in their paths until they reached the kingdom walls.
After washing his face, his reflection gives him words of encouragement before being dispersed by a pike near the ripples, which inspires Egor to ambush the castle.
Members of parliament woke up to guards sending them to the dungeons and children of peasants were assigned to work for the monarchy.
He went back to Alter for more tips and the reflection scolds him for giving up before it is eaten by the pike.
It later led to paranoia of being overthrown, despite ruling successfully for two years, so Egor went back to Alter for a confidence boost.
When news reached the Black Knight was dead, the newly-released government appointed a woman named Gertrude as queen, despite many people wanting the pike that killed Egor to be king instead.
Herbert Hinkley frequently occupies the television in the family living room: he sits in his armchair all day, eating crisps and channel surfing, and never left the television's side.
One night, his parents allow him to sleep downstairs and a delighted Herbert celebrates with salt and vinegar-flavoured crisps instead of his usual cheese and onion.
He woke up to his mother's face looking at him from the other side of the television but he was too small to be seen.
He runs to a red light at the bottom of a dark corridor and opens the door after moving a hot, electric coil.
He opens a door and a little girl playing board games with a clown scares him off; another door led to a violent bar brawl scene from a western film that unexpectedly featured Sooty and Sweep hiding under a table, waiting for their programme to start.
Herbert then becomes a hospital patient during an Australian soap opera and discovers that he is going to turn into a cheese and onion crisp if he never gets out of the television.
He runs out of the hospital in a panic, hoping to look for a shower room—his fingers had already changed but showering in his clothes might slow the process down.
Herbert went from rushing into a burning building to running past Batman and Robin to featuring on a cooking show, where the TV chef stuffed him into the oven.
Herbert's parents laughed so hard, they did not notice the television smoking, burning and then disintegrating into a pile of ash.
When they stopped, Herbert's mother took out the vacuum cleaner and picked up the cheese and onion crisp on top of the ash.
She placed it in a tupperware box and put it in the back of the fridge for Herbert to eat whenever he came back.
Many unspecified years ago, there was a seaside town called Saucy by Sea which had a reputation for being the home of the rudest children in the world, but this was quickly changing.
A handsome, moustachioed barber arrived in the town and opened up his shop, offering free haircuts to numerous children that lived there.
Not wanting to pass a free offer, the barber became popular with many parents, particularly the parents of children staying true to the town's stereotype.
At one Saucy school, there were two children named Tania Wilson and Perigrine, who were frequently tormenting their teachers with their refusal to cooperate and obey, and their irritating attempts to be the class clown.
The headmaster orders them inside, planning to scare them with his cane, but Peregrine and Tania chant fearlessly, which makes him collapse and call for matron, implying a sudden mental breakdown.
Tania notices that there are no mirrors and that the strange barber's chair looked more like a dentist's chair but Peregrine is at the till, opening one of the barber's jars of slugs to hold a slug over his mouth as if he was going to eat them.
He locks the front door, opens up his barber utensils, takes out a knife and licks it; the children are stunned into silence as the barber wiped off the blood trail from the blade.
Tania screams in shock and the barber explains that he is not actually a barber: he travels around to different towns to stop rude children's misbehaviour by cutting off parts of their tongues and washing out their mouths thoroughly until they are not rude anymore.
He had messy black hair, and a warty face and tongue, which gave him a large lisp that sprayed everything he faced.
His wife tried her best to cater to his bullying demands but one day, Hugh had grown until he could not fit in their home.
He stomped next door and threatened Mr Sparrow, implying a promise to almost drown him and his family with the speech impediment.
The Sparrow family rushed out of their house as fast as they could through the giant spittle and Hugh immediately moved in, throwing out the furniture and sleeping downstairs.
By the next morning, his limbs were sticking out of the windows and his head had pulled the roof off the building; he had grown again.
Luckily, the church was warm and big enough for Hugh to sleep in overnight but he woke up cold and higher than the lowest clouds.
Hugh was so tall, the President of the United States telephoned him and warned that the United States Armed Forces would not hesitate to attack if he attempts to cross the Atlantic Ocean, so Hugh steps across and eats the entire American military.
Eventually, he went to sleep with his feet in Australia, his bottom in India and his head on the Arctic, but he woke up bigger than the Solar System and the Milky Way.
After he annoys her to get her attention, his mother tells him to get a book from upstairs but Jack refuses, fidgeting around her.
His mother orders him to go and puts him outside of the room; Jack had a fear of the dark and his imagination turned spooky: silhouettes of moths in the street lamp lights reminded him of bats and the staircase handrail looked like a ribcage.
He hears a low rumble and a creak, and runs as fast as he can to his parents' bedroom, slamming the door behind him in case a troll was trying to chase him.
The bogeyman's domain was the bathroom, which was next to the other staircase that led to his bedroom on the second floor.
Jack crawled past the door so that the bogeyman could not spot him through the keyhole and tried to ignore the dripping sound inside (the bogeyman was notoriously gooey).
When he got up to the second landing, he remembered the fire monster, who loved to torment him every night by whimpering and scratching the door.
He sees it lying outside his bedroom and jumps at it, grabbing the cat by its fur; the panicked cat frees from his grip and runs away.
Mr Dustbin decided to clean the streets with several buckets and dumping the mess in a place where the rats would not find it, which caused them to go extinct and the streets to become cleaner.
Despite Mr Dustbin dying as a successful and revered inventor, people found no need for his work anymore, now that the rats would never trouble them again, but because of this, the streets' litter piles became mountains and no amount of dumping into the seas could slow it down.
It was now a national emergency and was the fault of one person: a morbidly obese girl named Bunty Porker, who ate almost every hour and threw her containers and other used packets across her neighbourhood and town, creating a litter mountain the size of two mountains.
The Queen telephones the Prime Minister and demands that he fixes the issue, so Parliament decides that Bunty should be captured by the army, led by Colonel Buffy.
At midnight, Bunty sneaked out of her house to climb the mountain and dump her rubbish wherever she could find a spot.
The army ambush her with nets and sticks, and surround her tightly as Colonel Buffy announces that they had come to arrest her.
Bunty realises that it resembled a feeler that she discovered was attached to a giant European black bug which was hiding underneath her.
Once the bugs had eaten all the litter, they left the UK to find more food, but everyone had learnt their lesson.
Whenever Joesph Alexander finishes reading a book, he tears out its pages and throws them out of a nearby window, irritating his parents.
One evening, his parents are shocked and furious to discover that he had destroyed every book in the house and ground him in the attic.
Joesph did not understand the issue: every time he had thrown the loose pages out of the window, he assumed that they would plant themselves in the ground and grow into new books.
Joesph took the book and looked through it: the front cover had an eagle sitting on a mountain and inside was full of illustrations of shapeshifting and devil-worshipping goblins and symbols; Joesph assumes it is a book of spells.
The front cover in Joesph's hands grew hot and the eagle's eyes glowed red, so Joseph threw it out of the window as well, hitting the tree and setting it on fire.
Joseph's mother bursts into the attic just as Joseph is kidnapped by a giant eagle; she is blown over by a gust of wind before she knew what was happening.
Jeering goblins in seats and crows in the ceiling watch on as Joesph is pulled in front of a goblin judge.
The judge explains that there is no need for a trial because Joesph had torn too many books up to be innocent and orders him to be planted.
He jumps into his mother's arms and promises that he will never vandalise another book and she forgives him, taking him back to his room.
A giant eagle feather on the floor is picked up by a gust of wind and floats out of the window towards the mountain.
The old man locks the door and says that he is going to get Thomas' favourites: lemon sherberts, liquorice twisters and rock candy.
Slightly suspicious, Thomas points out that the old man knows everything about him, even his name, and the man confirms all assumptions as he reaches for a net, adding that he knows about Thomas' shop misbehaviours.
The old man touches a switch on the wall and mechanical sounds are heard from another room as he beckons Thomas to follow him.
Thomas adds that he hates going shopping with his mother but the old man replies that he will get used to it soon, and catches him in the net.
To celebrate Benjamin's birth, an uncle buys him a top hat, so his mother put in a cupboard for when he was old enough.
However, once he could walk, Benjamin sneaked into his parents' bedroom and his mother found him wearing it on a pile of ransacked clothes.
Mother and father look desperately at each other until his father sheepishly explains that there were no top hats in any of the shops he went to.
Benjamin throws a tantrum and locks himself back in his bedroom, and stays in there until his parents beg him at the door to come out and meet his birthday party guests.
Unfortunately, none of the guests had considered a top hat for a present so Benjamin sabotages party games, destroys his top hat birthday cake and attempts to gate-crash the party magician's act, but his mother forces him to be Marvelous Marvin's volunteer.
Benjamin realises that the hat can grant wishes and he wishes for a racing bike, and other gifts that he never got.
On the other side of his door, Marvin warns Benjamin's parents that the hat had been in his family for generations and can make situations go horribly awry if in the wrong hands.
Marvin would later attempt many times to conjure Benjamin back but Benjamin had used up all of the magic; if Marvin ever listened closely, he could hear the faint sound of Benjamin's voice begging for forgiveness.
He advertises a proposal in the national newspaper and marries a lonely woman from a northern Scottish island named Betty, who soon gives birth to a daughter.
Her bedroom is redecorated with a variety of textbooks and chemistry equipment, and her father had made himself her tutor; Betty's protests are ignored by her husband whenever she argues that Albert cannot read or talk yet, and Amos even installed steel window shutters so that nothing outside Albert's bedroom could distract from lessons.
One night, a hook-nosed figure wearing a hooded cloak and carrying a silk sack appears in Albert's bedroom, waking her up.
The figure says that he had been sent by Amos and introduces himself as The Childhood Snatcher, then plucks a hair strand out of Albert's hair, drops it in the sack, and floated out of the window as dust.
By the eve of Albert's third birthday, she had already graduated from university, became Prime Minister and moved in to 10 Downing Street.
The Snatcher pulls off his hood, revealing the grotesque face of an old man, and explains that he wants her youth, and takes his fourth hair.
It was too late when Amos and Betty burst into the room: The Snatcher had disappeared and their daughter had become an old woman.
A teacher had inspired him to write whatever he wanted, so he wrote a story that featured blood and mutilation and read it aloud to the rest of his class.
Rix had been a television/radio producer and writer for over ten years when he began a career as a children's author.
On holiday in France with his wife and children, he told his eldest son that if he refused to eat his dinner, the Spaghetti Man would kidnap him and turn him into lasagne as he pointed at spaghetti outside a shop.
The white lie made his four-year-old eat every meal without hesitations and Rix noted that he could make a story that could do the same to other children.
In 1993, the founders of Honeycomb Animation were referred to Rix's series after the head of Carlton Television agreed to a two-programmes deal.
Honeycomb Animation created a spin-off/reboot cartoon programme for NickToons based on the newer stories in the franchise, and aired between May 2011 and November 2012 with 26 episodes split into two series.
The CITV series won the Silver Spire Award for Best Children's Program at the Golden Gate Awards, the Pulcinella Award for Best Series for Children from Cartoons on the Bay, and Best Children's Series at the British Animation Awards, whereas the NickToons series won Best Children's Series at the Broadcast Awards.
After the cartoon series aired on CITV, the covers were re-designed by Honeycomb Animation, the producers of the cartoon, which was published in January 2000.
Sarawak Barisan Nasional won 45 out of 48 seats in the Council Negri (now Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) and 61.2% of the popular vote.
He served as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Campobasso-Boiano, Italy, from 1977 to 1979 and as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lanciano-Ortona, Italy, from 1982 to 2000.
It can be as part of a systemic problem or can exist as a single-organ issue only affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Some patients with systemic vasculitis will have their multi-organ disease spread to the peripheral nervous system; this is primary vasculitic neuropathy.
Some examples of systemic vasculitic disease are: IgA vasculitis, Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitides such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).
Some patients with a non-vasculitic systemic disease or another illness such as infection or malignancy can subsequently develop vasculitic neuropathy as a direct consequence of the former illness; this is secondary vasculitic neuropathy.
When no systemic illness can be found, yet evidence of a vasculitic neuropathy exists, a diagnosis of non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy is made.
As the name suggests it involves a clinical picture where the nerve damage is distally predominant as demonstrated in a nerve biopsy.
Diagnosis of a vasculitic neuropathy depends on whether the patient first presents with multiple symptoms pointing at a systemic disorder or else primary neuropathic complaints.
In the former case the patient is more likely to be assessed first by a rheumatologist and in the latter a neurologist or neurosurgeon.
The expansive Illecillewaet Névé lies to the northwest, and two small unnamed glaciers lie at the bottom of the steep east face.
J. C. Herdman with guide Edouard Feuz, Sr. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Macoun is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, ribbed flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and shortened spherical fruit.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
This mallet grows on gravelly hills, often in more or less pure stands, between South Ironcap and Hatter Hill, east of Varley and north-east of Lake King.
In 1937 he was made superintendent of Aquila and two years later moved to Siena, where he taught art history at the University of Siena and was director of the Pinacoteca Nazionale until 1952 and of the Museo dell'Opera Metropolitana del Duomo until 1973.
In September 2000 his children donated the Fondo Enzo Carli to the University of Siena, depositing around 5000 pieces of his correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, typescripts and prints dating from 1928 to 1996 in that university's literature department library.
Luan was born on 17 November 1973 in the village of Glođane, near Dečani (), in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia.
He spent his youth in his native village with his parents and siblings, and completed primary school in Rznić () and secondary school in Dečani and Gjakova.
Luan with his brother Shkelzen Haradinaj and other companions were among the first nuclei of armed resistance in the Dukagjin since November 1993.
From that time, Luan Haradinaj with brothers, separately with Ramush Haradinaj, Shkelzen, Daut and friends of the ideal, such as: Lahi Brahimaj, Agim Zeneli, Adrian Krasniqi, with all his youthful strength he had begun work in organizing armed groups.
Having demonstrated exceptional diligence but also exceptional organizational skills, the Kosovo Liberation Army General Staff, since 1994, assigns the task of chief of logistics.
Luan Haradinaj with brothers and companions of the ideal, besides working on supplying weapons to future Kosovo Liberation Army fighters, has also participated in organizing and conducting a series of combat actions against the Serbian police, especially at strategic points and at police stations in Deçan.
Luan stood out among his companions for his honesty, affection, solidarity, and above all for the care he showed for them when crossing the border illegally.
Since his liberation had not stopped for many years, he had memorized the paths to cross, where he was always in the front rows of liberators.
During his stay in Albania, Luan was introduced to a wide circle of Soldiers from all captive Albanian lands, especially Kosovo.
Luan has also maintained contacts with the legendary Kosovo Liberation Army commander Adem Jashari, Hashim Thaçi, Rexhep Selimi and Sylejman Selimi, Abedin Rexha and Fehmi Lladrovci of Ramiz Lladrovci.
The contribution of the Haradinaj brothers to the expansion and consolidation of the ranks of the Kosovo Liberation Army is nevertheless a very important chapter of struggle for freedom, while the momentum, temperament, ingenuity and determination of Luan Haradinaj have remained indelible in the memory of all soldiers of Kosovo Liberation Army.
In the face of the occupation forces in the spring of 1997, numerous liberation groups fled from Kosovo to Albania and from Albania to Kosovo, although Serbian occupation forces had reinforced all crossings, the first KLA Soldiers and rescuers had penetrated.
The most guarded and fortified border in the world, the boundary that once divided the territories of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Albania, however, had begun to become passable to KLA Soldiers, at any time of the year, at any time of day or night.
On May 6, 1997, Luan Haradinaj, along with his brother Ramush Haradinaj and others KLA Soldiers had begun en route to cross the border near the village of Vlahne of Has, in the direction of Kuzhin.
On that day, the Yugoslav forces had taken a well, while Luan, which was leading the soldiers, was first ambushed by the Yugoslav military and police forces.
After many attempts and a frantic counterattack by the Kosovo Liberation Army, Ramush Haradinaj manages to get closer to his brother's body.
After four hours of travel, on the occasion of withdrawal, Ramush and his comrades carry the body of Luan Haradinaj and head to the village of Vlahne.
His brothers, companions and fellow fighters continue their way of liberation until June 21, 1999, when Yugoslav Forces expelled from Kosovo.
On August 24, 1999, the body of Martyr Luan Haradinaj, his brothers and comrades-in-law, was taken from his burial ground in Vlahne and re-buried in his native village, in the heroic (formerly Glogjan) Qendresa he had written long enough during the liberation war.
The 2020 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A (officially known as the LigaPro Banco Pichincha 2020 for sponsorship reasons) will be the 62nd season of the Serie A, Ecuador's top tier football league, and the second under the management of the Liga Profesional de Fútbol del Ecuador (or LigaPro).
For this season, the league will return to the three-stage system used before the 2019 season, scrapping the play-off stage played in the previous season.
The first and second stages will be played as single round-robin tournaments with all teams playing each other once for a total of 15 matches per stage.
The first stage fixture will be reversed for the second stage, and the top teams at the end of each stage will qualify for the finals as well as the Copa Libertadores group stage.
The finals will be a double-legged series between the winners of both stages with a penalty shootout deciding the champion in case of a tie in points and goals scored.
Should a team win both stages of the season, the finals will not be played and that team will win the championship.
An aggregate table including the matches of both the first and second stages will be used to decide international qualification and relegation, with the best two teams (other than the stage winners) qualifying for the Copa Libertadores, and the next best three teams qualifying for the Copa Sudamericana.
Meanwhile, the teams that end in the 15th and 16th place of the aggregate table will compete in the relegation play-offs against the third- and fourth-placed teams of the 2020 Serie B for the right to remain in the top tier for the following season.
Hungary has competed in every IAAF World Championships in Athletics, since the first edition in 1983, winning 14 podiums, including 7 silver medals and 7 bronze medals.
He had a successful amateur career, winning the 2018 European Amateur and being part of the Danish team that won the Eisenhower Trophy later in the year.
Højgaard was part of the Danish team that won the 2017 European Boys Team Championship, beating the hosts Spain in the final.
In June he was second in the individual competition for the boys Toyota Junior World Cup, four strokes behind his brother Rasmus.
He played for Europe in the Junior Ryder Cup later in September and in October he represented Denmark in the Youth Olympic Games.
Højgaard's twin brother Rasmus is a professional golfer and was also part of the Danish team that won the 2018 Eisenhower Trophy.
Carstairs Castle was a stronghold in the east of Carstairs, a short distance from the current site of Carstairs Parish Church.
Now long gone, it dates back to at least 1126 when it was given as a gift to the Bishops of Glasgow.
In 1302, at the height of the Scottish Wars of Independence, Cartairs Castle had a garrison of seventy troops made up of ten men at arms, twenty named soldiers and forty footmen, which was greater than most local castles indicating that this was of strategic importance - Lanark Castle, by comparison, had a garrison of around 15 men at the time.
She is professor of applied ecology at the University of Exeter and she looks at the health of social insects and how they pollinate plants.
Osborne was educated at the University of Cambridge, she graduated with a BA in Natural Sciences in 1989 and a PhD in pollination ecology in 1994.
In 2013 she was appointed chair in applied ecology and in 2017 she was made director of Exeter University's Environment and Sustainability Institute.
To simulate the different pressures on a bee colony her team created BEEHAVE, a computer model to test how conditions such as availability of pollen and presence of insecticides, can influence the health and survival of a honeybee hive.
They tracked honeybees with transponders and showed that they can forage far from their colony even when carrying diseases and they radiotagged asian hornets in the UK to track their dispersal and locate their nests.
She has also investigated pollination in food crops of economic importance such as courgettes and has researched the resources of different oil seed rape varieties that are available to pollinators, such as the amount of nectar and number of flowers.
Osborne, with collaborators at Exeter, was awarded the BBSRC Innovator of the Year award for Social Impact in 2017 for their BEEHAVE model which was 'helping build pollinator resilience through informed land management and beekeeping'.
He served in the First World War and shortly after the conclusion of the war he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander in December 1918.
The following year he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's.
Batting twice in the match, Pelly was dismissed in the navy first-innings without scoring by Kenneth Mackessack, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 5 runs by Robert Melsome.
Pelly was placed on the retired list at his own request in June 1934, at which point he was granted the rank of captain.
He came out of retirement during the Second World War and was placed in command of the shore establishment at Hove in 1939.
Pavićević worked with renown film directors such as Theo Angelopoulos, Ermanno Olmi, Goran Marković and he also served as the director of FEST.
Gardner met actress Ina Clare while attending school at the University of Seattle where she was studying stenography and also waiting tables in Spokane, Washington.
One of her first Broadway musicals she had a starring role was Sally, in the Fall of 1923, where she played Helen.
She also performed on Broadway with Kid Boots: A musical comedy of Palm Beach and Golf, starring as Miss Putter/Putty, alongside Eddie Cantor and Mary Eaton.
In New Year's Eve in 1923 New York City, she married Edwin T. Hall (born June 30, 1895 in Chicago, Illinois), a businessman from Boston, Massachusetts.
When you’re in the show business you don’t have time to meet the people you’d like to meet, you don’t get a chance to do the things you’d like to do.
On the 1930 census, she is shown living at 328 Church street in Wethersfield, Hartford, Connecticut with husband Edwin T. and a son John, age 4, born in Boston.
Wiktoria Kiszkis (born 14 June 2003) is a Polish footballer, who plays as a forward for West Ham United of the FA WSL in England.
Her father Michał moved to London in 2004 and he was joined by Kiszkis and her mother Agnieszka the following year.
She was given a first team debut on 20 October 2019, as a 77th-minute substitute for Kate Longhurst in a 2–2 FA Women's League Cup draw with Tottenham Hotspur.
Her first appearance in the FA Women's Super League came on 17 November 2019 at Manchester City, when she replaced Adriana Leon in injury time.
Her shot which hit the post was West Ham's best chance of the whole match as they were hopelessly worsted 5–0.
In September 2017 Kiszkis debuted for the Poland women's national under-15 football team, scoring in a 1–1 draw with the Czech Republic.
The Colonels, led by twelfth year head coach DoBee Plaisance, play their home games at Stopher Gym and are members of the Southland Conference.
They received an invitation to the 2019 Women's Basketball Invitational tournament where they lost in the first round to Southern Miss.
Luan was born on 17 November 1973 in the village of Glođane, near Dečani (), in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia.
Upon learning of the attack by Serbian forces against Adem Jashari with his family in Prekaz, in March 1998, Shkelzen Haradinaj, with friends operating in the Dukagjin sub-zone, carried out over 22 armed actions against Serbian police bases overnight of the Serbian paramilitary in the Dukagjin region.
Shkelzen Haradinaj was a devout fighter who actively worked at all stages of the KLA's development, staying at the forefront of the war at all times.
He rode to war, reaching the highest peaks of the fighting organization, which excelled in all encounters with Serbian occupation forces.
Shkelzen Haradinaj fought at the Heroic Battle of March 24, '98, held in Glogjan near Deçan, will stand out as an excellent organizer and fighter alongside brothers Ramush Haradinaj and Daut Haradinaj, uncle's son Bujar and other fighters, such as Gazmend Mehmetaj, Agron Mehmetaj and Hima Haradinaj , who will have the great fortune to be the first fallen in frontal war in the Dukagjin Zone.
Its noted that in this glorious Battle in which other members of Shkelzen's close family, Father Hilmiu, the brothers Enveri and Frashëri, Sister Mejremja and other comrades, participated, caused great damage to the Serbian forces in technique and man.
On April 16, 1999, in the Maznik Mountains near Dečani, the Serbian forces plans to sheltered towns with Albanian civilians and later to massacre them.
After hearing the plans of the Serbian Forces, Shkelzen Haradinaj and his Sepcial Unite of the KLA marched to the Maznik Mountains in order to rescue the Albanian civilians from the Serbian forces.
In a fierce, chest-to-toe tooth battle with Serbian forces to protect the civilian population sheltered in the Maznik Mountains, Shkelzen Haradinaj falls with alongside Soldiers like Fatmir Nimanaj, Hasim Halilaj and Luan Nimanaj.
Sparked by the rock's hardness, the majesty of the hills and the immense fortitude, the bullet that took it to his chest did not drop.
Due the Intervention of the Special Unit of the KLA with the commander Shkëlzen Haradinaj, the Albanian civilians in the Maznik Mountains survived and could flee from the region.
Biblical terminology for race has been used to classify human races, based on proposed Biblical lineage from the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, since antiquity.
The early modern biblical division of the world's races into Semites, Hamites and Japhetites was coined at the Göttingen School of History in the late 18th century – in parallel with the color terminology for race which divided mankind into five colored races.
Isidore's identifications also became the basis for numerous later mediaeval scholars, remaining so until the Age of Discovery prompted newer theories, such as that of Benito Arias Montano (1571), who proposed connecting Meshech with Moscow, and Ophir with Peru.
The text was eventually transmitted to Frankish Gaul by the 6th to 7th centuries and in the early 9th century CE, likely due to its reference to the ancestry of the Britons, was used as a primary source by an anonymous Welsh scribe for the Historia Brittonum.
The presence of Elisa and of Cainan son of Arpachshad (below) in the Greek Bible accounts for the traditional enumeration among early Christian sources of 72 names, as opposed to the 70 names found in Jewish sources and Western Christian sources.
Beginning in the 9th century with the Jewish grammarian Judah ibn Quraysh, a relationship between the Semitic and Cushitic languages was seen; modern linguists group these two families, along with the Egyptian, Berber, Chadic, and Omotic language groups into the larger Afro-Asiatic language family.
In addition, languages in the southern half of Africa are now seen as belonging to several distinct families independent of the Afro-Asiatic group.
Winstrup was born on 12 August 1782 at Winstrup, Holbæk County, the son of smallholder Johan Hansen (c. 1749-1810) and Anna Hansdatter (c. 1754-93).
He acquired the property Mariaslyst at the far end of Vesterbrogade as a new home for his vebture which specialized in the manufacture of agricultural machinery.
In 1826, he manufactured a steam engine for a brewery in Copenhagen, notable for being the first steam engine made by a person from Denmark.
In 1829 he was also licensed to build a windmill at the site and in 1834 to establish a steam mill.
When the College of Advanced Technology was established in 1829, he was appointed as the first leader of its workshops but left the post again in 1831.
A diver on board the submarine would be able to climb out of and drill holes in the submarine’s hull, so the vessel would sink and hence form a barrier against naval attack.
Simón Bonifacio Rodríguez Rodríguez (Juncalillo, Gáldar, April 15, 1921 – Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, August 17, 2012) was a Spanish teacher, businessman, judge and politician.
Simón Bonifacio Rodríguez y Rodríguez, son of Simón and Ángela Rodríguez, brother of the priests José, Francisco and Teodoro and de Flora.
Formed in the Youth Front, where he went through all the ranks of command: Local Chief, Youth Instructor, National Head of the Rural Home, etc.
In 1934 he moved to Santa María de Guía de Gran Canaria, moving to the historic Casa Quintana, which was his residence until his death.
In 1967 he was appointed Judge Substitute County by the Ministry of Justice position that he held for many years, for this reason in 1972 he was awarded the decoration of the Order of Saint Raymond of Peñafort.
He was councilor of Santa María de Guía during the years 1953 and 1963, where he held the council of celebrations.
In the decade of the 80s of the last century also came to occupy the vice presidency of the Electoral Board of the area.
5 Security Force Assistance Brigade (5th SFAB) is a security force assistance brigade in the United States Army based at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington.
As of December 15, 2019, the Brigade has hired 66% of its Advisors and continues to receive equipment, train personnel, and organize into distinct advisor teams.
Following activation, the unit is scheduled to deploy to the Joint Readiness Training Center in November 2020 and deploy in support of a Global Combatant Commander in 2021.
5 SFAB is a completely voluntary organization and volunteers typically serve a two to three year tour in the organization before returning to lead tactical formations in the conventional force.
While assigned to 5 SFAB, Advisors are required to attend a 26-day Combat Advisor Training Course at Fort Benning, GA and are afforded the opportunity to attend other career-enhancing schools that promote the Advisor mission.
The eleven advisor attributes are disciplined, mature, sound judgment, initiative, cool under pressure, tolerance for ambiguity, open-minded, empathetic, situationally aware, patient, and morally straight.
The 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) describes a need for the United States to transition from counter-insurgency to long term strategic competition against powerful adversaries with near-peer capabilities.
Composed of 820 specially selected officers and non-commissioned officers who must undergo a rigorous screening process, the SFAB is manned and equipped to operate in small teams in the competitive spaces of the globe where this great power conflict is most intense.
The SFAB’s mission is to train and advise conventional military forces in order to build long lasting trust among like-minded professional military forces and to establish the United States as the partner of choice in regions of the world that are vital to US strategy.
5 SFAB is organized like a traditional Brigade Combat Team with 2 Infantry Battalions, 1 Cavalry Squadron, and a Fires, Engineer, and Logistics Battalion.
These six battalions and the brigade staff are organized into 61 separate advisor teams that range in size from four to twelve personnel and are generally led by a post-command Captain and a Sergeant First Class.
With this broad spectrum of conventional capabilities, 5 SFAB is able to provide graduate-level training and advisory support to the most advanced military partners in the world.
Advisors are selected into the Brigade at all levels from Corporal to Colonel based on their expertise in the conduct of large scale combat operations (LSCO) at the squad to division level.
Advisors also must demonstrate a high level of physical fitness, stamina under pressure, and the ability to work well in small teams with limited guidance and contact with a higher headquarters.
Founded in 1983 in Aleppo by Julien Weiss as a tribute to Al-Kindi, a philosopher and music theorist of Arab world, Al Kindi Ensemble began its journey with the spirit to explore Arab-Andalusian, Oriental, Turkish and Iranian influences in music.
There he developed a collaboration between him and many singers of classical music from Iraq and Syria, such as Adib Dayikh and the Tunisian singer and musician Lotfi Bouchnak.
Accompanied by loud and longer devotional chanting, the group uses multiple instruments such as oud, spike fiddle, flute, percussion and zither to create a melodious symphony.
The music is often accompanied by whirling dervishes during their concerts such as Sahin Nasir from Istanbul, Maher and Hatem Al Jamal from Damascus, and Yahyah Hamami and Yousef Shreymo from Aleppo.
Raised by a mother who owned a party decorating company, Escobar-Leanse grew up in a household that always emphasized creating things by hand and reusing materials around the house.
After receiving a scholarship through the University Interscholastic League, Escobar-Leanse attended the University of Texas at El Paso in the year 2006, where she studied theater for a year.
In the year of 2012, Escobar-Leanse was the recipient of the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center's Pandemic Scholarship, allowing her to attend the annual National Puppetry Conference.
These works have been supported by various theater companies, such as INTAR, Milagro, Lincoln Center, the Bushwick Starr, Exquisite Corpse Company, Dixon Place, and many more.
With this company, she toured Europe for six weeks in 2012, performing with self-created puppets and collaborating with various other artists in different art forms.
Lavinia may lose her hands and tongue, but Ms. Leanse turns her puppet, an innocent red countenance surrounded by curly blond locks, into a marvel of movement and guttural utterances who sticks up for herself.Her role in the Puppet Shakespeare Players has grown from performer to puppet wrangler to puppet captain over the years.
Later on in the same year, Escobar-Leanse worked with The Puppet Kitchen in their production of the Carnival of the Animals for The Little Orchestra's Society, a part of the New York Philharmonic.
Escobar-Leanse states that she is always looking to utilize the arts to creatively shine a light on the issues in our society that need to be rectified.
is located in the municipality of Gros-Mécatina, in the Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, on the north shore of Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord in eastern Quebec in Canada.
is interconnected in its periphery with secondary and point bays (clockwise from the mouth of the bay): Fish Harbor, Pointe Seal, Terre Bay, Cap High, Anse Bastien, Anse Guillemette, Pointe du Sorcier, Pointe de la Rivière, Veco river, Baie Shoal, Baie Betty and Pointe Juniper (northeast shore).
As a source of vinyltin reagents, early work used vinyl trimethyltin, but trimethyltin compounds are avoided nowadays owing to their toxicity.
Our Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, fielding the No.
The following year, they attempted to make their debut in the ARCA Racing Series at Daytona with Barrett Jr. driving the No.
They returned to Talladega a few months later and impressively, Seuss came from a 33rd-place starting position to finish 2nd in the race.
On October 30, 2019, Our Motorsports announced at the NASCAR Hall of Fame that they would be fielding a full-time team in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, the No.
Wendy Anne Harris QC (born 14 December 1967) is an Australian barrister, President of the Victorian Bar and past President of the Commercial Bar Association of Victoria.
Harris was admitted to practice as a lawyer in 1992 and was a solicitor from 1992 to 1997 at Arthur Robinson & Hedderwicks (now Allens).
She was appointed Senior Counsel in 2010, Queen’s Counsel in 2014, and was elected President of the Victorian Bar in November 2019.
Her banking and finance experience includes acting for National Australia Bank in the Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry and in the bank bill swap rate litigation brought by ASIC, and acting in the context of many large-scale insolvencies.
Harris has represents clients in all Victorian Courts including the Supreme Court of Victoria, and has acted in a significant number of matters in the original jurisdiction of the High Court of Australia and in its appellate jurisdiction.
Harris has held a number of non-executive director roles, including as Chair of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and the board of Barristers’ Chambers Limited.
Kate S. O'Scannlain is an American attorney, currently serving as the United States Solicitor of Labor in the Donald Trump Administration.
O'Scannlain's father is Diarmuid O'Scannlain, a Judge who served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Portland before entering Senior status in 2016.
Before joining the United States Department of Labor, O'Scannlain was a partner at Kirkland & Ellis, where she worked for 12 years in their Washington, D.C. office and specialized in commercial class-action litigation, contract disputes, insurance disputes, fraud and fiduciary duty claims, defamation claims, securities fraud, bankruptcy, and pension and retirement law.
The Cowgirls, led by fourth year head coach Kacie Cryer, play all their home games at the Health and Human Performance Education Complex.
She has researched pollination biology for over 30 years and she supports agricultural environmental schemes such as wildflower strips to support pollinating insects and enhance crop pollination.
Davis was rated a five-star recruit by Rivals, 247Sports and Scout and committed to play college football at Ohio State over offers from Alabama, Michigan, Notre Dame, Stanford, UCLA, USC and Washington.
Originally a reserve guard his redshirt freshman season, Davis started the final two games of the Buckeyes season, the 2018 Big Ten Football Championship Game and the 2019 Rose Bowl, and played a total of 241 total snaps.
The last reshuffle took place on 25 December 2018.. On 14 November 2019, the Prime Minister Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamed Al-Sabah tendered resignation of his cabinet to His Highness the Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah..
Before the deportation, a large number of Chechens lived there, including the Kharchievs, Sultanovs, Izrailovs, Makhmudovs, Mamaevs, Musalaevs, Apraev-Mamedov, Valiev, Gelegaev, Guchigov, Abdukerimov, Gelichaev, Mamedkhanov.
When trying to decide on a topic for graduate study, she was interested in fields that applied physics to larger problems, eventually deciding on atmospheric physics.
Supervised by Fred Taylor at the University of Oxford, she performed near-infrared spectroscopy in the lab, mimicking conditions in the atmosphere of Jupiter, in preparation for the Galileo spacecraft's arrival at Jupiter in 1995.
During her time at Oxford, she was a student at the first International Space University Summer Session Program in 1988 and then returned as a staff member in 1990.
After graduating with a doctorate, Strong moved to the University of Cambridge, where she was a Post-Doctoral Research Associate from 1992 to 1994.
In 1994, she returned to Canada, becoming a postdoctoral Research Associate at the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry at York University in Toronto.
One year later, she joined the faculty at York, becoming an Assistant Professor in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science.
This collaboration used a series of high-altitude balloon flights to measure trace gasses in the stratosphere over North America, including mid-latitude stratospheric ozone and compounds of nitrogen and chlorine that interact with ozone in the upper atmosphere.
She was one of the founders of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) which established the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) on Ellesmere Island in 2005.
Strong founded the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO) in 2001, which monitors trace gasses in the stratosphere and troposphere from the roof of the McLennan Physical Laboratories Burton Tower at the University of Toronto.
She is also the principal investigator of the Canadian Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer Observing Network (CAFTON), which uses several monitoring stations across Canada, including TAO, to measure gasses and monitor changes in the atmosphere.
In July 2019, she began a 5-year term as the chair of the Department of Physics at the University of Toronto, the first woman to hold the position.
Strong is a member of the Centre for Global Change Science and the Graduate Faculty of the School of the Environment at the University of Toronto.
This body of water is located in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lake Huard is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
She is currently a Professor at the University of Leeds as of 2016 when she was elected as Professor for Medical Immunology.
Four years later she followed up her undergraduate degree with a PHD in 1979 studying Clinical Immunology; whilst doing her postdoctoral training at Leeds General Infirmary.
In 2011 she was awarded the title of Woman of Outstanding Achievement in Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Academia and Research, by the UK Women Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and technology.
For over 20 years she’s worked closely with John Fisher (her husband) to develop the technique of decelluarisation — a technique where DNA and cells are washed out of tissue, so the body does not reject them after a transplant.
St. John's GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club representing the areas of Aubane, Kilcorney and Mushera in the north west of County Cork, Ireland.
The club was founded in 2010 and was named St. John's after the nearby holy well on the foot of Musheramore.
The 1947 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Bethune Cookman College as a member of the Southeastern Athletic Conference (SEAC) during the 1947 college football season.
In their second season under head coach Bunky Matthews, the team compiled a 10–2 record, shut out eight of twelve opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 331 to 66.
After the death of Vellalan, the wife of Vellalan became the owner of the property and forced the Pallan and his family becoming their agricultural labor.
The Pallars were also involved in other occupation such as fisher labours, servants of the forts, and in root digging of the Indigo plant contributing to the famous dye industry of Jaffna Kingdom.
However, the rise of the Sri Lankan Vellalar under Dutch Ceylon, enabled them to reduce them from tenant farmers to slaves of Vellalar peasants.
Large numbers of Pallars from the Coromandel Coast were summoned as slaves under this period by private individuals to work in tobacco plantation.
The Pallars along with the Paraiyars constituted over half of the workers and also form a significant part of the Up-country Tamil population.
The idea behind Protein Power is that reducing the intake of carbohydrates will reduce the amount of insulin released into the body.
High-protein diets such as Protein Power may bring about temporary weight loss via calorie restriction but are not effective for permanent weight control.
In 2001, the American Heart Association’s Nutrition Committee issued a strong recommendation against high-protein diets including Protein Power and the Atkins diet.
The committee noted potential health risks of high-protein diets and how there are no long-term scientific studies to support their efficacy and safety.
The high-protein content may be a strain on the kidney and medical experts recommend that individuals with chronic kidney disease avoid the diet.
High-protein low-carbohydrate diets like Protein Power that are high in animal protein and lack fiber, minerals and vitamins increase the risk of coronary heart disease, cancer and osteoporosis.
River, Flowing in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Huard River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
on towards the northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay River on in the east until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Her father had been interned in a Siberian gulag for being a landowner, and her mother had died after being taken to a Soviet concentration camp.
Together, they built a successful clothing business and over time they purchased many iconic properties across Pyrmont and the Sydney CBD.
Through the Susan and Isaac Wakil Foundation they donated nearly $46 million to the University of Sydney and $20 million to the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
As patrons of the arts, they were often seen at exhibitions and the opera and were regularly in the social pages in the 1970s.
The gift supported the development of the Susan Wakil Health Building, which will unite the University's medicine and health disciplines in one purpose-built facility.
They also funded the Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, including 12 perpetual annual scholarships to assist nursing students with study, tuition and accommodation.
Their $24 million gift to the Art Gallery of New South Wales' Sydney Modern project was the biggest cash donation in the institution’s history.
Additionally, their support of Opera Australia funded an initiative to help first-time opera-goers to see performances at the Sydney Opera House.
The Wakils were also major benefactors of the Sydney Jewish Museum, supporting the Fund for Jewish Higher Education, making a significant contribution to tertiary-level Jewish studies and teacher training at the University of Sydney.
From 2015, through the Public Education Foundation, the Wakils funded scholarships for disadvantaged graduates of public schools undertaking tertiary or vocational education.
In memory of his wife, in 2019 Isaac commissioned Chinese-Australian artist Shen Jiawei to paint a portrait of Susan, in which she wore a gown of one of her favoured designers, Yves St Laurent.
Gamst was born on 3 September 1788 in Copenhagen, the son of Hans Christensen Gamst (1737-1803) and Marthe Marie Storch (1751-1830).
In 1836 the name of the company was changed to H. Gamst & H. C. Lund when Gamst's nephew Hans Christian Lund became a partner.
241/855) was an early Sunni theologian (mutakallim) in Basra and Baghdad in the first half of the 9th century during the time of the Mihna and belonged, according to Ibn al-Nadim, to the traditionalist group of the Nawabit.
He contradicted the Mu'tazili doctrine of Khalq al-Qur'an (Createdness of the Qur'an) by introducing a distinction between the speech of God (Kalam Allah) and its realisation.
His movement, also called Kullabiyya, merged into Ash'arism, which, along with Maturidism and Hanbalism, foms the theological basis of Sunni Islam.
He was praised by several famous scholars, including Ibn Asakir, Taj al-Din al-Subki, Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, Ibn Qadi Shuhba, Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi, Kamal al-Din al-Bayadi in Isharat al-Maram, Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi in his work Kitab Usul al-Din, al-Shahrastani in al-Milal wa al-Nihal, and al-Kawthari.
It has been said that Dawud al-Zahiri and al-Harith al-Muhasibi learned kalam from him, according to al-Dhahabi in his Siyar A'lam Al-Nubala'.
These books are lost, however remnants of them can be found in other works such as Maqalat al-Islamiyyin of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari.
The Pannonian mixed forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0431) constitutes 307,716 km over the countries of Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, and Croatia.
It is an ecoregion within the Palearctic ecozone and is of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome as defined by WWF.
The region is based around the complex of vegetation in the Pannonian basin which includes mixed oak-hornbeam forests, mixed pedunculate and sessile oak forests, and other mixed forests as well as sub-Mediterranean thermophilous bitter oak forests, azonal floodplain vegetation, and lowland to montaine herb-grass steppes.
She and Ewy Rosqvist-von Korff won the Gran Premio Argentina in 1962, when they were also the first two-woman team to enter the race.
She placed well in a rally at Västergötland in 1960, and soon teamed up with another woman rally driver and veterinary assistant, Ewy Rosqvist-von Korff.
At the 1962 Argentina rally, Wirth and Rosqvist were not only the winning team, but the first two women to enter the six-stage, 2871-mile race; they won all six stages and set a speed record with their win.
The two Swedish women were provided with bodyguards during their time in Argentina, for fear that they would be attacked by racing fans.
Wirth worked with English driver Pat Moss in 1964, and left racing in 1965, but taught driving for almost thirty years in Stockholm.
NWA Hard Times (stylized as Hard × Times) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event promoted by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA).
The show also featured wrestlers from the American professional wrestling promotion Ring of Honor, including Dan Maff and members of Villain Enterprises, Marty Scurll and Flip Gordon.
At the same time the NWA announced they were reintroducing the NWA World Television Championship with a new champion being crowned at the PPV on FITE TV.
Announced participants included: Ricky Starks, Eddie Kingston, The Question Mark, Colt Cabana, Tim Storm, Nick Aldis, Zicky Dice, Caleb Konley, Dave Dawson, Zane Dawson, Trevor Murdoch, and Thom Latimer.
He also announced there would be two additional spots open in the first round for competitors not currently on the NWA roster.
Zane Dawson dropped out of the tournament due to a hand injury, and an 8-man Last Chance Gauntlet match was held to determine the new competitor to fill the spot.
Later in the same episode, the final two competitors in the first round of the tournament were named: Matt Cross from the independent circuit and Dan Maff from Ring of Honor.
In response, Aldis and the Strictly Business stable attacked Scurll and his Villain Enterprises teammates at Ring of Honor's (ROH) Saturday Night at Center Stage and Honor Reigns Supreme events.
On January 14, the NWA announced that Aldis would face Villain Enterprises' Flip Gordon in an interpromotional match at Hard Times.
Charm City Kings is an upcoming American drama film, directed by Angel Manuel Soto, from a screenplay by Sherman Payne, from a story by Kirk Sullivan, Chris Boyd, and Barry Jenkins.
In September 2018, it was announced Jahi Di'Allo Winston, Meek Mill, Will Catlett and Teyonah Parris had joined the cast of the film, with Anguel Manuel Soto directing from a screenplay by Sherman Payne, from a story by Kirk Sullivan, Chris Boyd and Barry Jenkins.
Esther Henseleit (born 14 January 1999) is a German professional golfer and member of the Ladies European Tour and LPGA Tour.
In 2017 she was selected for the Junior Solheim Cup and in 2018 she was runner-up at the European Ladies Amateur Championship, one stroke behind Celia Barquín.
She won the 2018 German National Amateur and the German Team Amateur Championship as well as the European Ladies' Club Trophy with Hamburg GC.
Henseleit turned professional in January 2019 (with an EGA handicap of +7.1) after finishing third at Qualifying School for the 2019 Ladies European Tour.
She won the Skaftö Open on the LET Access Series and qualified for the 2019 U.S. Women's Open at a sectional qualifying tournament.
Henseleit finished second at four LET tournaments, the Omega Dubai Moonlight Classic, La Reserva de Sotogrande Invitational, Ladies European Thailand Championship and the Estrella Damm Mediterranean Ladies Open, one stroke behind Carlota Ciganda.
In December, with her maiden LET win at the Magical Kenya Ladies Open, she secured both LET Order of Merit and LET Rookie of the Year, becoming only the third player after Laura Davies in 1985 and Carlota Ciganda in 2012 to manage this feat.
Dęblin–Irena was a Nazi ghetto for Jews in Irena (merged into nearby Dęblin in 1953), a Polish town located in Puławy County in the Lublin District of the General Governorate.
Initially, it was an open ghetto; many Jews worked on labor projects for various local firms, especially the railway and the Luftwaffe.
Beginning in May 1941, the ghetto became a collection center with Jews sent there from Opole and Warsaw; in 1942, two thousand Jews arrived from Slovakia and hundreds more from nearby ghettos that had been liquidated.
In October 1942, the ghetto was liquidated; about 2,500 Jews were deported to Treblinka extermination camp while some 1,400 Jews were retained as inmates of forced-labor camps in the town.
Unusually, the labor camp operated by the Luftwaffe—employing, at its peak, about a thousand Jews—was allowed to exist until 22 July 1944.
They are located at the confluence of the Vistula and Wieprz rivers, at an important point on the Lublin–Warsaw rail line.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the area was a center of Hasidism; most Jews followed the Modzitz dynasty, named after the town, and there were also Gur Hasidism.
Many Jews made their living as peddlers, shopkeepers, or artisans (especially in leatherwork and metalwork) and later on participated in the development of the town as a summer resort.
During the invasion of Poland, Dęblin was bombed by the Luftwaffe between 2 and 7 September, targeting the military airfield, ammunition stores of the Polish Army, and a nearby bridge over the Vistula.
Most Polish soldiers left the town on 7 September; on 11 September the ammunition was blown up and the rest of the Polish military withdrew.
They were forcibly conscripted into forced labor units that cleared up the bomb damage and repaired some of the buildings, and the Jewish community was forced to pay a fine of 20,000 złoty.
Also in late 1939, Jews were forced to wear armbands, and some were conscripted for forced labor in Janiszów, Bełżec, and Pawłowice.
A ghetto was established in Irena in November 1940 or early 1941, probably at the orders of Kurt Lenk, the new land commissioner for the region.
The motive was probably to keep Jews away from the two nearby military installations, a Luftwaffe airfield and a Wehrmacht base, which were filled with troops in preparation for the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union.
Until 1942, Irena was an open ghetto (there was no physical fence, although the penalty for unauthorized departure was death) consisting of six streets.
Poles were initially allowed to enter and live in the ghetto, so many of the Jews were able to survive by trading material goods for food.
The sick were treated at a thirty-bed hospital run Dr. Isaar Kawa from Konin; with the help of Polish doctors, medicines were imported from Warsaw.
Simultaneously, new restrictions were imposed by the Germans: the use of stoves was banned, winter clothing requisitioned, and fuel imports forbidden.
More Jews began to leave the ghetto in order to obtain essentials, resulting in twenty young women being shot after capture.
Because conditions were better in Lublin District than in Warsaw, some Jews fled to towns in the Lublin district, including Dęblin–Irena; twenty Jews were shot for being unregistered refugees.
These consisted mainly of Jews expelled from Puławy Ghetto and the Warthegau region, as well as some Jews who had come to live with relatives to avoid being trapped in the Warsaw Ghetto.
More Jews arrived in May 1941: 1,000 from the ghettos at Warsaw, Częstochowa, and Opole, although they were not housed in the ghetto but at work sites in the area.
On 13 and 14 May 1942, two transports of 2,042 Slovak Jews arrived from Prešov; although they brought food with them, they were unused to the harsh conditions and many died of typhus due to the poor sanitation.
Another group, more than 2,000, were Jews from nearby ghettos that had survived the liquidation because they had been selected to work; this included 300 people from Ryki, and 300 from Gniewoszów and Zwoleń, and a group from Stężyca.
Many were conscripted to work for German companies, such as Schwartz and Hochtief firms which were hired to do construction on the military bases in the town, and Schultz, which was under contract for construction on the Ostbahn.
, which had been taken over by the Wehrmacht and where around 200 Jews from the ghetto worked, was from 10 July 1941 the site of Stalag 307, a Soviet prisoner-of-war camp.
Other Jews were conscripted by the municipality for such tasks as street cleaning or snow clearing; these workers were not paid.
The Jews from Dęblin–Irena tried to take the best jobs, so 200 of the Slovak deportees ended up working for the municipality.
Survivors recalled that although German soldiers supervising the forced laborers tended to treat them relatively well, some Polish supervisors beat Jews and the Ukrainian guards at the railway camp were especially harsh.
In May 1941, in preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union, the Luftwaffe commissioned the firm Autheried to improve the airfield.
These Jews, as well as another four hundred recruited in Dęblin–Irena and the Lipowa 7 camp in Lublin, and 500 Polish workers, leveled the runway and built roads, walls, air-raid shelters, and earth fortifications.
Following the completion of the project in October, the workers were dispersed to various projects around the town, an action which may have been related to the typhus epidemic.
Some of the Jews from Vienna stayed at the airfield, having obtained permits to work on gravel transportation and building fuel tanks; they were the nucleus for the later labor camp.
After the deportation of 6 May 1942, additional Jews tried to secure permits, often fictitious ones obtained through bribery, in order to avoid deportation.
At this time there were five forced-labor camps around Dęblin: the Luftwaffe camp, the fortress, the train station (300 Jews), Lipova Street (200 Jews and Poles), and another near the muncipial boundary (300 Jews).
The first deportation was 6 May 1942, in order to clear space for the Slovak deportees who arrived a week later.
A force composed of German and Ukrainian police, a small number of German SS and Ukrainian SS auxiliaries ordered Jews to assemble in the main square at 9:00 hours.
Most of the Jews from neighboring communities and 2,300 to 2,500 from Dęblin—mainly the elderly and families with small children—were marched to the Dęblin train station (some away) at 18:00 and sent to Sobibór extermination camp.
During the next two days, more than four thousand Jews from north Puławy County—200 from Bobrowniki (6 May), 1,800 from Ryki (7 May), 125 from Stężyca (7 May), 1,500 from Baranów (8 May) and 500 from Lysobyki (8 May)—were also marched to Dęblin and deported to Sobibór.
This was half of a countywide extermination action in Puławy County, which was the first in a series of systematic, countywide deportation in the Lublin district.
The next deportation, which coincided with the liquidation of the other two remaining ghettos in Puławy (Opole and Końskowola) took place on 15 October 1942; the previous day, all workers had been ordered to stay at their workplaces.
Many Jews tried to enter the Luftwaffe camp, which at that time had 543 official residents, but they were turned away by the Jewish police there.
The Jewish elder, Hermann Wenkert, later claimed that if he allowed non-registered Jews entry and they were discovered, everyone in the camp would have been killed.
Instead, he bribed the Germans to obtain legal permits for an additional 400 Jews, which were mostly given to the wives and children of current residents.
Either on that day or within the next few weeks, 1,000 people were removed from the labor camps, including the 200 workers at Dęblin Fortress and 200–500 of the Luftwaffe's workers.
After this, about 1,400 Jews were still alive in the labor camps around Irena: 1,000–2,000 at the Luftwaffe camp, 300 at a railway camp near the passenger station, and 120 at another camp near the railway loading station.
During May or July 1943, most of the remaining prisoners in the railway camps were deported to Poniatowa via the transit ghetto in Końskowola; the rest were deported in late 1943.
In all of the other remaining labor camps in Puławy County, where hundreds of Jews were still alive, the Jews were murdered during Operation Harvest Festival (2–3 November 1943).
This operation also killed the prisoners of Poniatowa, but did not affect the Jews at the Luftwaffe camp in Dęblin–Irena, who were unaware of it.
Following Harvest Festival, there were ten labor camps for Jews in the Lublin District with more than 10,000 Jews still alive.
The camp leader () at the Luftwaffe camp was Hermann Wenkert, a Jewish lawyer from Vienna who had been deported to Opole in 1941 and came to Irena with the volunteers.
According to Wenkert's account, soon after his arrival he happened upon Eduard Bromofsky, an Austrian Luftwaffe officer with whom Wenkert had served during World War I. Bromofsky convinced the commander of the camp to promote Wenkert to his position.
Even after Bromofsky was reassigned, the relationships that Wenkert had cultivated with the German authorities enabled him to retain his position.
Wenkert populated the administration with other Viennese Jews, insisted on extra rations for himself and his family, and had his family transferred from Opole to Irena.
Because of his close association with the German authorities and use of his position for personal benefit, some survivors considered him to be a collaborator.
When it was possible, Wenkert negotiated with the authorities and paid bribes to avoid punishment; he also consulted respected prisoners in cases where the matter had not come to German attention.
However, when he thought there was no other option and the survival of the camp was in the balance, Wenkert turned Jews accused of wrongdoing over to the Germans even though he knew that this would result in death.
According to Silberklang, both views of Wenkert may be true: that he tried to secure benefits for himself personally while also working to keep the other Jewish prisoners alive.
The presence of 100 young children—whose existence was justified by increasing the productivity of their parents—was particularly unusual, and not equalled elsewhere in the Lublin District after Operation Harvest Festival.
Wenkert managed to get religious Jews exempted from working on Shabbat and allowed a chevra kadisha society to operate, burying the dead according to Jewish law.
The camp had three German commanders, all at the rank of Sergeant Major: Kattengel (through March 1943), Dusy, and Rademacher (during the last two months).
Although Kattengel was distrusted, because he roamed the camp with a dog and whip, both Dusy and Rademacher were described positively by survivors, and the latter even arranged for one woman to receive treatment at a German hospital after she was badly injured.
Punishment could be excessive and arbitrary—nine Jews were shot for causing a fire, even though it was proved to be accidental—but less so than other Nazi camps.
According to Farkash, in 1943, Wenkert allowed a group of Jewish partisans into the camp, seeking refuge from a hostile unit of the Polish Home Army resistance group.
The Slovak Jews at the camp were the last major group to survive of the almost 40,000 Slovak Jews deported to the Lublin District in 1942.
The Jews remaining in Prešov hired couriers (non-Jews from the Polish–Slovak border) to travel to the camp regularly until it was dissolved, carrying letters and bringing valuables and money.
Several members of the Kowalczyk family were honored as Righteous Among the Nations for sheltering Jews who had escaped from the camp.
At the time of the deportation, some 800 to 900 Jews were still alive, of whom 400 to 600 were from Dęblin–Irena, 40 from Vienna, and 70 to 80 from Slovakia.
Since no one was willing to volunteer, the first transport carried about 200 people who had few connections in the camp, including single adults and fifteen children between 3 and 6 years of age.
The rest of the prisoners, including Wenkert and 33 young children, departed on the second transport with Rademacher, the German camp commander, who carried a letter of protection from the airfield commander.
The second transport arrived in Częstochowa on 25 July; the young children were kept separated for two and a half days, but were not killed.
One unusual aspect of the camp was that it was run from start to finish by the Luftwaffe rather than the SS, although during 1943 and 1944, the SS tried to expand its role.
However, other camps (such as three in Zamość county) were run by the Luftwaffe and yet were still liquidated before the end of 1943.
Another reason was the importance of Jewish workers at Dęblin to the German war effort, which was continually emphasized by Wenkert in his dealings with the Germans.
Overall, luck played a major role in the fortuitous combination of Jewish leadership, relatively friendly Germans, and the evacuation of the camp to Częstochowa rather than Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Ninety-nine percent of the Jews from Lublin District were killed in the Holocaust, but hundreds from the Dęblin–Irena survived the war.
Some of the Jewish survivors, who attempted to return home in January 1945, were told by the local Milicja Obywatelska chief that it was illegal for them to settle in town.
Ester Kaminska suffered repeated harassment and extortion from local Poles, one of whom had obtained her family's bakery from the Nazis, which led to her departure to Palestine in 1947.
Ignaz Bubis, a former prisoner of the ghetto, was the chairman of the Central Council of Jews in Germany from 1992 to 1999.
It was first climbed on July 23, 2019 by the group of Russian climbers Markevich Konstantin, Sushko Denis and Anton Ivanov.
on towards the northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay River on towards the east until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
The International Association for Statistical Education (IASE) is a section of the International Statistical Institute (ISI), a professional association of statisticians, devoted to statistics education.
Marie-Louise Charpentier, also known as Lily Charpentier (1905-1998), was a nurse, social worker, and active member of the French Resistance in Brittany during World War II.
Her most well known accomplishment was hiding a Jewish woman and her two grandchildren from German forces and arranging their safe passage to relatives in the south of France.
Her activities were known to include: distributing leaflets with the help of Dr. Menon who died in the Allied bombardment of May 1943; saving a young Polish couple from deportation; and helping young people escape compulsory labor service in by administering drugs to them just before their evaluation by German doctors.
In 1943, while serving as a social worker in the Rennes office for assistance to families of prisoners of war, she received a visit from an elderly woman, Malka Engelstein, who tearfully told the story about her Jewish family, originally from Poland, who had settled in Metz in eastern France in the early 20th century.
Early in World War II, her son Joseph Engelstein, who had been serving in the French army, was captured by German forces and was a prisoner of war.
When Germany annexed France in 1940, the remaining family members (Mrs. Malka Engelstein, her husband Fishel, their daughter-in-law, and her two young children) fled Metz and took refuge in Rennes, western France.
However, on this day in 1943, Gestapo agents appeared at their house, ransacked everything and took away the grandfather Fishel as well as her daughter-in-law, and threatened to return for the grandmother and her grandchildren.
Charpentier immediately left with the grandmother to find the two young children: Catherine Engelstein, three years old, and her two-year-old brother Raymond and promptly removed them from the house.
The three refugees lived on the farm for about a month and every day, Charpentier’s brother brought them food with the help of two friends.
Looking for a more lasting and safer solution, Charpentier decided to send them to others active in the Resistance in Paris, and organized their departure, with the help of Archbishop Clément Roques.
Mrs. Engelstein did not speak French and was unable to pose as a French citizen so she assumed the role of a deaf woman accompanied by the two children.
The group was escorted by two young people who wanted to join the forces of General de Gaulle in North Africa.
Once safe in Paris, members of the clandestine network safely transferred the three Jews to Mrs. Engelstein's relatives in the south of France.
She had the joy of finding her husband and children alive, and even went to see Charpentier to thank her for saving her little ones.
He serves as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower, Personnel and Services (A1), a position he has held since September 2018.
Parkdale Park is a city park within the Normanhurst neighbourhood area in Hamilton, Ontario and home to Pat Quinn Arena and Pool.
He has served as the commander of Air Force Special Operations Command since June 2019, having previously served as its vice commander (July 2018 – June 2019) and chief of staff (June 2017 – June 2018).
Historically, the town was one of five neighboring communities (along with Brooklyn, Curtis Bay, Fairfield and Wagner's Point) sought and ultimately annexed by Baltimore City from Anne Arundel County in 1918.
The town was razed in its entirety in the 1950s, to accommodate the expansion of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad's Curtis Bay terminal.
According to one source, the name Masonville is attributed to an early resident named Mason, who established a workshop producing crackers and bread there.
The town that would be Masonville was founded in the 1890s, centered on what was then Ninth Street & Chesapeake Avenue, directly adjacent to the newly-expanded lines of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad's (B&O) Curtis Bay Branch.
From at least 1910, Masonville also supported an amateur sports team, the Masonville Country Club (also known as Masonville Athletic Club), which competed in intra-city baseball and basketball.
Around 1915, Masonville benefited as a hub from the increased rail traffic toward Curtis Bay and Fairfield, where the oil industry in both places was experiencing boom growth.
25 acres near the town were used to store cars for wheat as well, and demand on the railroad branch (the sole line that serviced the peninsula) was to only increase with the commencement of construction of the B&O's enormous coal pier in Curtis Bay in 1916.
So rapid was the railroad's expansion that it had to house 75 of its workers at Masonville in converted railcars rather than homes.
Plans for a proper sewer system, which had not previously existed outside of neighboring Brooklyn, were finally initiated by the county in 1916.
Citizens of Masonville, along with their neighbors, complained of what they perceived as the lawlessness coming from the many saloons directly adjacent to - but not under the jurisdiction or regulation of - Baltimore City itself.
These citizens formed a Home Defenders League to demand action be taken against these taverns and resorts, which catered to Baltimore residents.
Arguing World War I made it a national security issue, the Home Defenders League advocated the creation of areas of alcohol prohibition around the growing industrial areas on the peninsula.
Among the two communities, 81% of respondents supported being annexed, with supporters complaining of the currently inadequate water supply, fire services and road maintenance provided by the county.
A 1914 fire for instance destroyed seven Masonville homes, and endangered the entire neighborhood, due to a lack of water for fire fighting, followed by another uncontrolled fire that destroyed a further four homes two months later.
Residents also complained that the county's contractor for sanitation failed to collect the town's garbage even weekly, let alone biweekly as the contract had required.
Masonville was included in Baltimore City's initial 1916 proposed annexation map, and was included within the portion of Anne Arundel County ultimately annexed by the legislation passed in March 1918.
In the early 1950s, the same railroad that had been the cause of its creation also became the cause of its destruction, as the town was razed to accommodate the expansion of the B&O's Curtis Bay terminal.
The railroad sought to avoid antiquated and dangerous underpasses and at-grade crossings, and the required land required the purchasing of the land under the town by B&O, who in turn deeded it to Baltimore city for demolition and redevelopment.
The remaining land north of the railroad yards remained in the hands of the Arundel Corporation for many years, which operated a dump at the site.
Beginning in 1976, the State of Maryland pursued plans for an ambitious 250-acre redevelopment of the waterfront at Masonville as a new marine terminal, and two years later, the Maryland Port Authority purchased the requisite land from the Arundel Corporation Within the year, the land was being partly used for storage of excess automobile freight.
When development of the new container terminal failed to materialize over the next decade, the port authority began plans to semi-permanently lease a third of the territory to auto importers.
The State of Maryland committed in 2007 to a $130 million clean up of 100 acres of the Masonville site, which included the removal of thousands of tons of debris and 27 abandoned vessels.
The redevelopment of Masonville Cove was to include a park with hiking trails, a nature center and an artificial oyster reef.
According to an 1893 account, Masonville consisted of 51 homes, with a population of 218 (66 men, 51 boys, 56 women, 45 girls), all of whom were recorded as white.
UFC Fight Night: Woodley vs. Edwards (also known as UFC Fight Night 171 and UFC on ESPN+ 29) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on March 21, 2020 at The O2 Arena in London, England.
A welterweight bout between former UFC Welterweight Champion Tyron Woodley and Leon Edwards has been slated to serve as the event headliner.
While not officially announced by the organization, a lightweight bout between Stevie Ray and Marc Diakiese was expected to take place at the event.
The average speed of the system is estimated to be 24 km/h At its fastest it may travel up to 70km/h.
The national government is hoped to contribute 30 percent, and the third payer might be Helsinki, as the line ends in its municipality.
The park has 6 soccer pitches with four different sizes used by the East Hamilton Soccer Club, restroom/change room and small water park.
He is an Oscar-nominated and award-winning documentary filmmaker, whose films have been screened at SXSW, Sundance, and the Ann Arbor Film Festival.
He has also worked as an instructor of media arts, teaching at public schools across his home state of Ohio, as well as at Antioch College.
Bognar has developed a documentary filmmaking style that centralizes the Midwestern region of the Unites States, with significance placed on incorporating photographic imagery.
Christopher P. Weggeman (born 1965) is an American lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, serving as deputy commander of Air Combat Command since 2018.
Jon Tyson Thomas (born 1967) is an American lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, serving as deputy commander of Air Mobility Command since 2018.
The hotel and property is known for is close proximity to major entertainment venues in Atlantic City as well as its view of the beach and boardwalk.
The Byrds of Paradise Isle was a story appearing regularly in Buster comic from 1st July 1978 to 29th March 1980.
The Byrd family, Tom, and Ethel, and their two boys, Richard 'Dickie' and Basil, and Grannie, live in Birmingham, and are facing eviction.
On the day of their eviction, they receive a letter saying that Tom's long-lost cousin has died in Australia, and has left them an Island in the South Pacific to live on.
It then crosses above a railroad junction which serves that industrial area, briefly continues as Burgard Road, then turns southeast and continues again as Lombard.
Next, it crosses OR 99E (Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard), at which point it becomes a primarily industrial thoroughfare, employing interchanges for all but one of its four-way crossings.
At its intersection with NE 10th Avenue, it turns southeast and continues until its intersection with NE 46th Avenue, at which point the street's designation as Lombard ends and it continues as NE Portland Highway.
Lombard Street holds several different historical names because of North Portland's history as a series of smaller communities that were annexed by Portland.
Historically, Lombard Street was home to a large segment of streetcar line 474, which ran from Albina to St. Johns between 1888 and 1937.
Rail still exists under the asphalt in some parts of the street, including some slated for removal by the Portland Bureau of Transportation in plans for the N Lombard Main Street renewal project.
The St. Johns Parade has been held annually for over 50 years, and uses Lombard between N Burr Avenue and Downtown St. Johns as the main part of its route.
The large cohort of Baby Boomers allowed for a steep increase in the number of exemptions and deferments, especially for college and graduate students.
It is now known that, during the Vietnam era, approximately 570,000 young men were classified as draft offenders, and approximately 210,000 were formally accused of draft violations; however, only 8,750 were convicted and only 3,250 were jailed.
Some draft eligible men publicly burned their draft cards, but the Justice Department brought charges against only 50, of whom 40 were convicted.
From 1966-68 a growing force of conscientious objectors grew in Australia and by 1967 became openly popular due to a growing protest movement.
Information campaigns were carried out by organizations like Students for a Democratic Society and Save Our Sons to spread information on how to avoid the draft.
As U.S. troop strength in Vietnam increased, some young men sought to evade the draft by pro-actively enlisting in military forces that were unlikely to see combat in Vietnam.
For example, conscription scholars Lawrence Baskir and William Strauss say that the Coast Guard may have served that purpose for some, though they also point out that Coast Guardsmen had to maintain readiness for combat in Vietnam, and that some Coast Guardsmen eventually served and were killed there.
Similarly, the Vietnam-era National Guard was seen by some as an avenue for avoiding combat in Vietnam, although that too was less than foolproof: about 15,000 National Guardsmen were sent to Vietnam before the war began winding down.
Some were connected to national groups, such as the American Friends Service Committee and Students for a Democratic Society; others were ad hoc campus or community groups.
It was founded by David Harris and others in the San Francisco Bay Area in March 1967, and quickly spread nationally.
These draft resisters hoped that their public civil disobedience would help to bring the war and the draft to an end.
According to a 1978 book by former members of President Gerald Ford's Clemency Board, 210,000 Americans were accused of draft offenses and 30,000 left the country.
Others scattered elsewhere; for example, historian Frank Kusch mentions Mexico, scholar Anna Wittmann mentions Britain, and journalist Jan Wong describes one draft evader who sympathized with Mao Zedong's China and found refuge there.
The number of Vietnam-era draft evaders leaving for Canada is hotly contested; an entire book, by scholar Joseph Jones, has been written on that subject.
In 2017, University of Toronto professor Robert McGill cited estimates by four scholars, including Jones, ranging from a floor of 30,000 to a ceiling of 100,000, depending in part on who is being counted as a draft evader.
Though the presence of U.S. draft evaders and deserters in Canada was initially controversial, the Canadian government eventually chose to welcome them.
Desertion from the U.S. military was not on the list of crimes for which a person could be extradited under the extradition treaty between Canada and the U.S.; however, desertion was a crime in Canada, and the Canadian military strongly opposed condoning it.
In the end, the Canadian government maintained the right to prosecute these deserters, but in practice left them alone and instructed border guards not to ask questions relating to the issue.
The largest were the Montreal Council to Aid War Resisters, the Toronto Anti-Draft Programme, and the Vancouver Committee to Aid American War Objectors.
For example, it lobbied and campaigned for universal, unconditional amnesty, and hosted an international conference in 1974 opposing anything short of that.
In September 1974, President Gerald R. Ford offered an amnesty program for draft dodgers that required them to work in alternative service occupations for periods of six to 24 months.
In 1977, one day after his inauguration, President Jimmy Carter fulfilled a campaign promise by offering pardons to anyone who had evaded the draft and requested one.
It antagonized critics on both sides, with the right complaining that those pardoned paid no penalty and the left complaining that requesting a pardon required the admission of a crime.
It remains a matter of debate whether emigration to Canada and elsewhere during the Vietnam War was an effective, or even a genuine, war resistance strategy.
Scholar Michael Foley argues that it was not only relatively ineffective, but that it served to siphon off disaffected young Americans from the larger struggle.
Some draft evaders returned to the U.S. from Canada after the 1977 pardon, but according to sociologist John Hagan, about half of them stayed on.
This young and mostly educated population expanded Canada's arts and academic scenes, and helped push Canadian politics further to the left, though some Canadians, including some principled nationalists, found their presence or impact troubling.
American draft evaders who left for Canada and became prominent there include author William Gibson, politician Jim Green, gay rights advocate Michael Hendricks, attorney Jeffry House, author Keith Maillard, playwright John Murrell, television personality Eric Nagler, film critic Jay Scott, and musician Jesse Winchester.
What is more surprising is their general resistance to mass movements, a sentiment that contradicts the association of the draft dodger with sixties protest found in more recent work by [Scott] Turow or [Mordecai] Richler.
In contrast to stereotypes, the draft dodger in these narratives is neither an unthinking follower of movement ideology nor a radical who attempts to convert others to his cause.
They are far less worried about whether particular relationships will survive the flight to Canada than about the gratification of their immediate sexual urges.
For many decades after the Vietnam War ended, prominent Americans were being accused of having manipulated the draft system to their advantage.
In 1989, approximately two decades after the fact, Chase revealed on a television talk show that he avoided the Vietnam War by making several false claims to his draft board, including that he harbored homosexual tendencies.
After Romney dropped out of Stanford University and was about to lose his student deferment, he decided to become a missionary; and the LDS Church in his home state of Michigan chose to give him one of that state's missionary deferments.
Donald Trump, who became President of the United States in 2017, graduated from college in the spring of 1968, making him eligible to be drafted and sent to Vietnam; but he received a diagnosis of bone spurs in his heels.
Joe Biden, a former U.S. vice president and senator who vied for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 2020, as well as earlier in his career, was excused from military service in 1968 because of asthma as a teenager.
Hiroshi Nemoto (June 6, 1891 – May 24, 1966) was a lieutenant general for Japan who served in the Second World War and the Battle of Guningtou.
When Japan surrendered in World War II, he served as the commanding officer of the garrison in Mengjiang (modern-day Inner Mongolia).
In 1904, he entered the Sendai Army Youth Academy, and graduated at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy 7 years later, ranked 13th among 509 students.
During the Nanjing Incident of 1927, he stationed at the consulate-general of Japan in Nanjing where he was attacked by the soldiers of the Northern Expedition and even injured by a bayonet.
After the Huanggutun incident took place in June 1928, he began to specialize in solving the Manchuria-Mongolia problem, conducting research and proposing plans for the nation.
Later, he joined a group led by Kanji Ishiwara, Teiichi Suzuki, Keisaku Murakami, Akira Mutō and composing mainly of youth officers.
In May 1929, the group aimed at military reform and personnel refreshment, separation of commanding power from state affairs, and establishment of a legitimate national general mobilization system.
He intended to take part in the event, but he was drunk in the previous night and hence did not take part.
After the Japanese surrender on the 15th of the month, the Soviet Red Army showed no sign of ceasing the attack.
During the desperate guarding of the trains and routes used by civilians, several attempts were made to negotiate a ceasefire with the Soviets.
After the Eighth Route Army of the Chinese Communist Party also came to help the Soviets, Nemoto fought more vigorously to block the attacks.
Therefore, the Japanese army began to retreat on August 21, and the last team returned to within the Great Wall on August 27.
The Chief of Staff of the Mongolian Army who came to greet him was in tears, and thanked Nemoto for saving 40,000 Japanese civilians he could not have saved.
On the other hand, the 40,000 civilians who fled from Inner Mongolia on August 20 arrived in Tianjin after a three-day trek, and boarded a ship to return to Japan.
In August 1946, as the top person in charge, after the return of the Japanese who were stranded in China and the demobilization of 350,000 soldiers from the North China Army, Nemoto finally returned to Japan.
In view of the fact that Kuomintang would lose control over China, after Chiang Kai-shek resigned as president in January 1949, he pawned some goods and sold some of his belongings as a ferry fee for Chiang.
Arriving in Keelung on July 10, the local gendarmerie and police officers were unaware of the situation, so the people who sailed on the ship were imprisoned.
Later, after the report of Nemoto's imprisonment was transmitted to the upper ranks of the National Army (Lieutenant General Peng Mengqi and Lieutenant General Niu Xianming), their treatment was immediately changed.
On August 5 of the same year, the United States Government indicated to the Kuomintang that military assistance would be suspended, and Chiang Kai-shek accepted the assistance of Nemoto and others.
Due to the successive defeats of the Kuomintang army in the battlefields of mainland China, Nemoto suggested to Tang that the army retreat to the Zhoushan Islands, Yijiangshan, Dachen Island, Kinmen and Matsu Islands, stretch the front line with the Communist army, protect Taiwan and Penghu Islands, and wait for the opportunity to counterattack.
Soon, Xiamen fell out of Kuomintang's control, and the Kuomintang army had to fight on Kinmen Island, and Nemoto also set out to plan a trench battle.
From On the following October 24, Nemoto assisted in commanding the Battle of Guningtou on Kinmen Island, using tanks to shoot PLA vessels to cut off the PLA's retreat, annihilating the incoming Chinese People's Liberation Army.
The day before Nemoto left Taiwan in 1952, in order to express his gratitude, Chiang opened a pair of special vases he had collected and presented one of them to Nemoto.
One of them was given to Queen Elizabeth of England as a wedding gift, and another was given to the Emperor Showa of Japan, leaving himself just one pair.
On May 5, 1966, after the first holiday when his grandson was born, he was admitted to the hospital because his health deteriorated.
He was discharged from hospital on the 21st of the same month, but died suddenly on the 24th, at the age of 74.
At that time, the news of the Nemoto going to Taiwan was top-secret because of the political situation after the Kuomintang took over Taiwan, and because of this, the historical existence and even the existence of the Japanese assistance in the battle of Guningtou was not known to the Taiwanese at that time.
At the memorial service for the dead in the Battle of Guningtou held in October 2009, several Japanese military members and advisory families were invited by the Republic of China government and met with President Ma Ying-jeou of the Republic of China.
By then, the government of the Republic of China finally officially announced the participation of the Japanese in the Battle of Guningtou.
Steven L. Basham (born 1965) is an American lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, serving as deputy commander of United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa since 2019.
He has completed numerous flying, staff and command assignments and is a command pilot with more than 3,400 flying hours in the B-1, B-2 and B-52.
Prior to his current assignment, the general was the Director, Legislative Liaison, Office of Secretary of the Air Force, the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia.
The Bras d'Hamel is a stream flowing in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau (MRC of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality) and in the city of Saguenay (city), in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
on northeast, then follows the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Dee Leon Mewbourne (born 1961) is an American vice admiral in the United States Navy, serving as deputy commander of United States Transportation Command since 2019.
She had met Burns in Canada during a Liberty Loan drive tour while he was a British pilot and recipieint of the Distinguished Flying Cross.
He serves as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategy, Integration and Requirements (A5), a position he has held since October 2018.
The Welsh Industrial and Maritime Museum was located in Butetown, Cardiff, Wales, prior to the Cardiff Bay regeneration in the late 1990s.
He serves as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs (A8), a position he has held since September 2019.
It has fibrous or scaly bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and oval to almost spherical fruit.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle up to long, the individual buds on short pedicels.
The fruit is a woody, oval to more or less spherical capsule up to long and wide with the valves slightly protruding.
The Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) is an atmospheric research facility in the Canadian High Arctic, located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut.
Considered one of the most important Arctic research labs in the world, it was the subject of international media attention when it almost closed due to funding cuts by the Canadian Federal Government in 2012.
PEARL is located on Ellesmere Island, about 15 km from the Eureka Weather Station in Eureka, Nunavut and about 1,100 km from the North Pole.
It is housed in the Ridge Lab building, originally built by the Meteorological Service of Canada in 1992 to hold the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory (AStrO).
After hearing that the Ridge Lab was in danger of being demolished, Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), a group of university-based climate scientists and government researchers who study the atmosphere over Canada, proposed to take over the facility.
CANDAC was able to successfully re-open the facility in 2005 with a grant from the federal Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI).
From 2005 to 2010, most of the station's $1.5 million per year operating budget came from the nonprofit Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science (CFCAS), which received more than $100 million in research grants over 10 year from the Canadian federal government.
A new fund with $35 million over five years was allocated for climate and atmospheric research, the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative (CCAR).
In 2012, one year after the creation of the $35 million dollar CCAR fund, no money had been released to scientists.
At the same time, the government announced final plans to build a new $204 million federal government Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut.
Located about 1200 km south of PEARL, this station is too far south to effectively measure ozone depletion or changes in the arctic atmosphere.
The closure of PEARL, along with the closing of the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, provoked an outcry from Canadian and International scientists.
In 2013, about 20 days before the facility was set to permanently close, the government released last-minute funding from CCAR to save PEARL, allotting $5-million over 5-years.
This was about two-thirds of the previous operating budget, and was not enough to keep an operator at the station year-round, meaning that much of the existing equipment had to be automated.
In addition, during the 2012 funding cuts the lab lost its trained operators and observations were no longer taken continuously, which reduced researchers' confidence in their data.
The Bras Rocheux is a tributary of the Bras d'Hamel, flowing in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Rocky Arm is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This crescent-shaped lake open to the southeast has a marsh area at the northwest end and another at the south end.
north-east on , then the course of the Saguenay River east on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Formerly the name of a ward under Glasgow Town Council in the first part of the 20th century, it is within a continuous area of fairly dense urban development bordering several other neighbourhoods whose mutual boundaries have blurred over time, and is possibly less well known than all of the places which adjoin it, particularly Anderston and Finnieston.
A street plan was laid out and filled mostly with Neo-Georgian terraced townhouses in a continuation of development which had taken place further east at Blythswood Hill, the mansion itself being demolished by 1850.
By the turn of the 20th century, the area was entirely built upon with all available space directly north of the river at Lancefield, Finnieston and Kelvinhaugh taken up by warehouses, engineering works and dockyards, with the housing for the workers in those industries at Anderston and Yorkhill, as well as those streets in Sandyford north of St Vincent Street, becoming increasingly crowded.
But further north, the area around Sauchiehall Street largely retained its original character as a home for the middle classes, with upmarket (and upwind of industrial smog) developments at Kelvingrove on the southern fringe of the park of the same name helping to maintain the area's prestige as a leafy suburb close to the heart of Glasgow.
Churches in the area included Kent Road UP Church, Sandyford UP Church (later Highlanders' Memorial UF Church), Berkeley Street UP Church (later the site of a dance hall) and Trinity Church at Claremont Street.
outside or shared toilets) were demolished and replaced by a small playpark; and the Kent Road School was also demolished in 1968, replaced by new buildings for Woodside Secondary School previously located further north at Woodlands.
Dalian House, a civic building for Strathclyde Regional Council completed south of the Mitchell Library in 1990, showed a respect for the design of the remaining older buildings surrounding it by being prohibited from exceeding their height.
In the early 21st century, the area's profile changed again, with Woodside Secondary closing in 1999 and Glasgow Gaelic School moving into the buildings in 2006, while the majority of 'gap sites' were filled by new blocks of apartments (including a conversion of Kent Road UP Church), resulting in a variety of building styles and ages being found among the small number of streets in the area.
Owing to its location between the tourist areas of Glasgow city centre, the West End (centred on Byres Road) and the entertainment venues at the SEC Centre, a large number of hotels are present among tenements near to Kelvingrove Park, mostly on Sauchiehall Street.
There are also several established restaurants and bars, a provision which increased markedly in the 2010s as the wider area (usually marketed as Finnieston) around Argyle Street became more popular as a destination in its own right.
The local Sandyford Post Office is also in this area on Argyle Street, and further west is The Church of Scotland Sandyford Henderson Memorial Parish Church; which includes Finnieston, Kelvinhaugh and Yorkhill within its parish borders but none of the former Sandyford Town Council ward which instead falls under the parish of the Anderston-Kelvingrove church.
There are three railway stations in the vicinity of Sandyford: and on the Argyle Line connecting with , and Charing Cross on the North Clyde Line connecting with .
Finnieston railway station just off Argyle Street was once the nearest, but this closed in 1917; a century later, the local community council shared its plans regarding a possible reopening of the station seeking input from residents.
Subsequently he was scientific assistant to at ETH in the field of solid state physics, and earned his doctorate there under Pauli in 1956.
Beginning in 1961, he was full professor at the University of Neuchâtel, and from 1965 at the University of Geneva, where from 1977 he was chairman of the Physics department.
The idea of the proof of the theorem was also later used by Hyman Bass to show big projective modules (under some mild conditions) are free.
The proof of the theorem is based on two lemmas, both of which concern decompositions of modules and are of independent general interest.
Now, consider the set of all triples (formula_9, formula_10, formula_11) consisting of a subset formula_12 and subsets formula_13 such that formula_14 and formula_15 are the direct sums of the modules in formula_16.
Now, formula_35 is a direct summand of formula_36 (since it is a summand of formula_37, which is a summand of formula_36); i.e., formula_39 for some formula_40.
Hence, the proof reduces to proving the claim and the claim is a straightforward consequence of Azumaya's theorem (see the linked article for the argument).
Prior to his election to the Senate, he served two terms in the New Hampshire House of Representatives for Strafford's 4th district.
The Propylaea was the monumental gateway to the Acropolis of Athens, and was one of several public works commissioned by the Athenian leader Pericles in order to rebuild the Acropolis at the conclusion of the Persian Wars.
Pericles appointed his friend Phidias as the supervisor and lead architect of this massive project, which Pericles allegedly financed with funds appropriated from the treasury of the Delian League.
The structure consists of a central building with two adjoining wings on the west (outer) side, one to the north and one to the south.
The core is the central building, which presents a standard six-columned Doric façade both on the West to those entering the Acropolis and on the east to those departing.
There are five gates in the wall, one for the central passageway, which was not paved and lay along the natural level of the ground, and two on either side at the level of the building's eastern porch, five steps up from the level of the western porch.
Though it was not built as a fortified structure, it was important that people not ritually clean be denied access to the sanctuary.
In addition, runaway slaves and other miscreants could not be permitted into the sanctuary where they could claim the protection of the gods.
The gate wall and the eastern (inner) portion of the building sit at a level five steps above the western portion, and the roof of the central building rose on the same line.
The outer (western) wings to the right and left of the central building stood on the same platform as the western portion of the central building but were much smaller, not only in plan but in scale.
The central building also has an Ionic colonnade on either side of the central passageway between the western (outer) Doric colonnade and the gate wall.
It is also the first monumental building in the classical period to be more complex than a simple rectangle or cylinder.
The western wing on the north (to the left as one enters the Acropolis) was famous in antiquity as the location of paintings of important Greek battles.
It seems only to have functioned as an access route to the Temple of Athena Nike, which stood to the south and further west, on a raised bastion.
Preparations for both wings are apparent at the eastern end of the central building and along the side walls, but it seems that the plan for a southern wing was abandoned early in the construction process since the old fortification wall was not demolished, as required for that wing.
To the extent that preparations had been made, they were for a floor at the level of the western portion of the building, considerably below the level required on the East.
As a result of the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in 431 BC, the Propylaea was never completed.
The extant marble stairway was built in 52 AD, and following the Herulian invasion the Buelé Gate was constructed immediately in front of the Propylaia as a part of the further fortification of the citadel and the city.
During the period of the Duchy of Athens, it served as the palace of the Acciaioli family, who ruled the duchy from 1388 to 1458.
It was severely damaged by an explosion of a powder magazine in 1656, foreshadowing the even more grievous damage to the Parthenon from a similar cause in 1687.
Today the Propylaea has been partly restored, since 1984 under the direction of Tasos Tanoulas, and serves as the main entrance to the Acropolis for the many thousands of tourists who visit the area every year.
In the period before the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Propylaea was shrouded in scaffolding as restoration work was undertaken.
The restoration of the Central Building of the Propylaea was awarded a European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Award in 2013.
Los Mameyes is a neighbourhood in the city of Santo Domingo Este in the province of Santo Domingo of the Dominican Republic.
In 2016, Lower Bucks brought in a new team of emergency room doctors led by Dr. David Jaslow in an attempt to designate the emergency department as a Level IV Trauma Center.
Statistics gathered in the emergency departments of Lower Bucks Hospital, Doylestown Hospital, St. Mary Medical Center and Jefferson Bucks Hospital were used and published by the National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) to study the prevalence of violence in local communities.
In 1945 the couple bought a cottage on the Isle of Wight and she lived their until she died in 1962.
William Ramage Lawson (3 December 1840 – 15 January 1922), generally referred to as W. R. Lawson, was a British journalist, economist and author.
He was noticed by the editor of the South Australian Register, and offered a position with the paper, which had a reputation for high-quality journalism.
Lawson accepted and spent three years with them, during which time his abilities were recognised, and when he announced he was leaving for Europe, hastened on account of his wife's precarious health, his farewells attested to his contribution to the paper and his personal popularity.
During his time in Adelaide he also supplied individual essays to The Argus, the Sydney Morning Herald, and the Brisbane Courier, and a weekly letter to selected country newspapers.
On reaching England he found employment with the London Standard, the Evening News, the Financial News and the Financial Times, which he served as Editor 1890–1891.
Sandra Tiffany (born June 30, 1949) is an American politician who served in the Nevada Assembly from the 21st district from 1992 to 2002 and in the Nevada Senate from Clark County's 5th district from 2002 to 2006.
His research focus has been on the study of how people understand language, using both experimental methods and computational modeling techniques.
He formulated a psychological process theory of discourse comprehension that views comprehension as a bottom-up process in which various alternatives are explored in parallel, resulting in an incoherent intermediate mental representation that is then cleaned up by an integration process.
Integration is a constraint satisfaction process that ensures that those constructions that are linked together become strongly activated, whereas contradictory and irrelevant elements become deactivated.
Just hours before the show was launched and the housemates entered the Big Brother house, the production decided that one of the contestants, the plus size model Orel Alloushe, who was supposed to enter the house during the show would not enter, after the discovery of a wrapper of Escitalopram on the hotel floor, by production team, and fear that others will use them.
Therefore, in the last minute's change, Orel was replace by the former Knesset member Oren Hazan three days after the season's premiere.
It is within walking distance of the new Pacific Quay Media Park, housing BBC Scotland, Scottish TV and other production companies, along with the Glasgow Science Centre.
Moorepark is served by Ibrox subway station on the Glasgow Subway system, which is located on the corner of Copland Road and Woodville Street.
My Santa is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language comedy thriller film directed by Sugeeth and written by Jemin Cyriac, starring Dileep, Sunny Wayne, Anusree and Kalabhavan Shajohn.
The film is produced by Nishad Koya, Ajeesh OK, Sandra Maria Jose and Saritha Sugeeth for the banner of Wall Poster Entertainment.
Broadcaster Maidan TV organised a national final to select their entry for the contest, with the final on 20 September 2014.
Submissions were open between 5 August 2014 and 31 August 2014, and the participating artists were revealed on 3 September 2014.
Tatarstan performed eleventh in the semi-final on 19 November 2014, placing first in a field of 25 countries with 223 points, thus qualifying for the final.
Tatarstan performed fifteenth in the final on 21 November 2014, placing second in a field of 15 countries with 201 points.
Each country was represented by one juror who gave each song, with the exception of their own country's song, between 1 and 10 points.
He officiated his first senior international match as a FIFA referee on 15 November 2016 between the Czech Republic and Denmark.
The 2019 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2019 season.
It was played at McKinney ISD Stadium in McKinney, Texas, on December 21, 2019, with kickoff at 3:00 p.m. EST (2:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPNU.
The participants of the 2019 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2019 Division II Playoffs, which began with four 7-team brackets to determine super region champions, who then qualified for the national semifinals.
He graduated from Middlebury College, where he played basketball, and University of Miami School of Law before settling in Greensboro, North Carolina.
In 1970, he jumped to the ABA to become GM of the Buffalo Braves, leaving a few months later for the Carolina Cougars.
In 1974, both Scheer and Larry Brown moved to the Denver Rockets (later the Nuggets) as the Cougars owner planned to fold the franchise.
with Brown as the head coach, Scheer built a team with Bobby Jones, David Thompson and Dan Issel that made it to the 1975–76 ABA Finals.
It was in Denver that Scheer introduced the Slam Dunk Contest for the 1976 ABA All-Star Game, that featured David Thompson, Julius Erving and Artis Gilmore.
Scheer made the contest a longstanding part of the NBA when he revived the idea for the 1984 NBA All-Star Game in Denver.
In 1976, Scheer and Brown led the Nuggets through the merger with the NBA with the team entering the new merged league.
His stay in Los Angeles was short after battling with team ownership and he ended up taking the job of commissioner of the Continental Basketball Association in 1986.
However only a few months later, the expansion Charlotte Hornets hired him as the new general manager once his commitments to the CBA ended.
Scheer’s second stay in Denver was short, as he left only 14 months later amid other departures in the front office.
In his later career, Scheer worked as an executive with two minor-league hockey teams, the Charlotte Checkers and the Greenville Grrrowl.
Cahill served as the head football and men's basketball coach at Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota during the 1920–21 and 1921–22 academic years.
Cahill later served as the head football coach and head men's basketball coach at Carroll University (then known as Mount St. Charles College) in Helena, Montana during the 1922-23 academic year.
In 2019, he was appointed to officiate the 2019 Taça da Liga Final, taking place on 26 January 2019 between Porto and Sporting CP.
The Dover and Delaware River Railroad is a short-line railroad operating along of track in the northern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey between Phillipsburg and Newark.
The Dover and Delaware River Railroad was created in 2019 to take over local freight operations from Norfolk Southern Railway between Phillipsburg and Newark, leasing and operating the Washington Secondary line between Phillipsburg and Hackettstown from Norfolk Southern Railway and acquiring trackage rights along NJ Transit's Morristown Line, Montclair-Boonton Line, and Gladstone Branch.
Previously, he was the president, CEO and chairman of Harris Corporation, the company that merged with L3 Technologies to create L3Harris Technologies in 2019.
Brown is on the board of directors for the Celanese Corporation, the board of the Fire Department of New York City Foundation, the council of trustees for the Association of the United States Army and the board of trustees of the Florida Institute of Technology..
After Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, thousands of U.S. troops stationed at Fort Hood in Killeen, Texas, were sent to Chicago for riot control duty.
In mid-August 1968, another large group of soldiers stationed at Fort Hood was scheduled to return to Chicago in late August to control potential rioters at the Democratic National Convention.
At midnight on Friday, August 23, sixty African American troops staged a nonviolent sit-in on base to protest their deployment to Chicago.
The majority of these soldiers were uncomfortable with being placed in situation where they might be asked to police other black Americans.
Several of the demonstrators said they had grown up in low-income neighborhoods and suggested that they could empathize with the folks in those areas who might feel riots were necessary.
At 5 a.m. Saturday morning, the a division commander and members of his staff met with the protesters and discussed there grievances.
Over the next few weeks and months, a number of the Fort Hood 43 were court-martialed and punished, receiving sentences of three to six months of hard labor, a forfeiture of a considerable portion of their wages and reductions of rank.
It is closely related to some dialects of Hokkien, with which it shares some cognates and phonology, though the two are largely mutually unintelligible.
Chaoshan preserves many similarities to Old Chinese in its pronunciation and vocabulary that have been lost in most other Sinitic languages.
It has only limited intelligibility with Hokkien, with Chaoshan-speakers generally not recognizing Hokkien as a kindred language within the Chinese family.
The Chaoshan region, which includes the twin cities of Chaozhou and Shantou, is where the standard variant of Chaoshan is spoken.
As Chaoshan was one of the major sources of Chinese emigration to Southeast Asia during the 18th to 20th centuries, a considerable Overseas Chinese community in that region is Chaoshan-speaking.
In particular, the Chaoshan people settled in significant numbers in Cambodia, Thailand and Laos, where they form the largest Chinese sub-language group.
Additionally, there are many Chaoshan-speakers among Chinese communities in Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia (especially in the states of Johor and Selangor) and Indonesia (especially in West Kalimantan on Borneo).
Waves of migration from Chaoshan to Hong Kong, especially after the communist victory of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, has also resulted in the formation of a community there, although most descendants now primarily speak Cantonese and English.
Chaoshan speakers are also found among overseas Chinese communities in Japan and the Western world (notably in the United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, France and Italy), a result of both direct emigration from Chaoshan to these nations and secondary emigration from Southeast Asia.
In Singapore, Chaoshan remains the ancestral language of many Chinese Singaporeans, with Chinese of Teochew descent making up second largest Chinese group in Singapore, after the Hoklo.
This is due to the Singapore government's stringent bilingual policy that promotes English as the official language of education, government and commerce and promotes Mandarin at the expense of other Chinese languages.
Some Teochew assimilated with the larger Hokkien community and speak Hokkien rather than Chaoshan due to Hokkien's prominent role as a lingua franca previously among the Singaporean Chinese community.
Hokkien, which is spoken in southern Fujian, and Chaoshan share many phonetic similarities, due to historical influence, but have low lexical similarity.
Other than the -p final found in both languages, Hokkien retains the different finals of -n, -ng, -t and -k while Chaoshan only has -ng and -k finals as a result of final-merging.
Chaoshan (Teochew dialect) has only 51% intelligibility with the Tong'an Xiamen dialect of Hokkien (Cheng 1997), approximately the same as the percentage of intelligibility as between Russian and Ukrainian languages, while it has even lower mutual intelligibility language with other dialects of the Hokkien language.
There are a minority of Teochews who speak Hokkien as their mother tongue, most of whom have close contact or relatives in the neighbouring three originally-Teochew counties of what is now South Fujian, which were seceded to Fujian during the early Tang dynasty and subsequently assimilated into the Hokkien population.
The 2018 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2018 season.
It was played at McKinney ISD Stadium in McKinney, Texas, on December 15, 2018, with kickoff at 4:00 p.m. EST (3:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPNU.
The participants of the 2018 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2018 Division II Playoffs, which began with four 7-team brackets to determine super region champions, who then qualified for the national semifinals.
She is best known for co-founding the Video Data Bank in 1976, an international video art distribution organization with Lyn Blumenthal.
Horsfield and Blumenthal began a project that included the making of in-depth video interviews with visual and performance artists, critics, and photographers.
Together they also produced more than 90 interviews with artists such as Agnes Martin, Alice Neel, Lee Krasner, Romare Bearden, Joseph Beuys, Vito Acconci and Buckminster Fuller.
As an educator Horsfield periodically taught courses between the years of 1977 to 2007 at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, the University of Illinois at Chicago, and the University of Texas at Austin.
The 2020 Nashville SC season will be the club's first season as an organization and its first season as a member of Major League Soccer, after two seasons in the Eastern Conference of the USL Championship by a club of the same name.
The Ezop is a range in northeastern Siberia, located in the eastern end of Amur Oblast and the southwestern side of Khabarovsk Krai.
Irfan Peljto (born 18 July 1984) is a Bosnian football referee who officiates in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
She studied drama and movement at Oxford University and went on to achieve her diploma in singing and a minor in theater science.
Ashvin Gatha was born on May 12, 1941 in Gujarat, and spent his early childhood in an orphanage from which, at age 14, he was adopted by his uncle, a nuclear scientist.
From a meagre income of 5 rupees a day, he saved 40 percent to buy a single roll of colour film a month.
Air India hired him and paid his way to the U.S. and on the plane he met the art director Tony Paladino, from whom Gatha picked up further work.
He lived in New York for two years, working advertising agencies and fashion houses and covered the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and the 1969 Woodstock Music Festival.
As he became known in photography circles in New York, the Kodak Company invited Gatha to spend time with them in Rochester, training in colour photography.
Flora's career as a dancer and Ashvin’s as a photographer was took them apart, and they eventually separated, she taking Flora Devi as her stage name.
From the 1980s, Gatha's exhibitions have been organised thematically by colour and have been exhibited in Europe, Asia, Australia, the United States.
Then, in September/October 1982, he showed an exhibition and audio-visual—picture and sound backgrounds for Flora’s dances—at Galerie le Vieux Jacob in Sion, near Geneva.
From the 1990s he Gatha based himself in Switzerland, returning to India on occasion, where in 1995 he presented a workshop at the Mohile Parikh Center, Mumbai.
In 2019, he was selected as the referee for the final of the 2018–19 Czech Cup on 22 May 2019 between Baník Ostrava and Slavia Prague.
He also works in other forms of magic including cards, mentalism and displays of skill such as blindfolded performances with a samurai sword.
His second championship was the Deutsche Meisterschaften Der Zauberkunst where he placed 4th which was not enough to qualify for the FISM World Championships.
From 2003 to 2005 he participated in 16 competitions worldwide performing in five different languages, including the SAM European Championships of Magic.
He won first place in card magic during the 2005 German Championships and second place in micromagic qualifying him for the 2006 FISM World Championships in Stockholm.
He has made various appearances at Magic Circle in London, the Wizard's Inn in Tokyo, the 4F Convention in Batavia, New York, the British IBM in Eastbourne and the Magic Castle in Hollywood.
The funeral of Qasem Soleimani, an Iranian major general in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), was held from 4 to 7 January 2020 in some cities in Iraq and Iran – including Baghdad, Karbala, Najaf, Ahvaz, Mashhad, Tehran, Qom, and his hometown Kerman.
On 7 January 2020, a stampede took place at the burial procession in Kerman, killing at least 56 mourners and injuring over 200.
His body was buried in his hometown of Kerman on Wednesday, 8 Jan, just hours after Iran attacked two US bases in Iraq.
According to France24, the number of mourners attending the funeral procession in Kerman, Tehran, Qom, Mashhad, and Ahvaz were roughly the same.
During Ayatollah Khomeini's 1989 funeral procession, eight people were killed in a stampede, also caused in part due to difficulty in containing the massive crowd.
On 7 January 2020, a stampede crush took place at the burial procession for Soleimani in Kerman, killing at least 56 mourners and injuring more than 200.
Head of the burial committee Mehdi Sadafi told the state-run ISNA news agency that Soleimani's burial was cancelled after the deaths.
It records the arrival and five-day experience of a troupe of circus performers into Guantanamo Bay to perform their circus act for the American soldiers stationed at the American military base located there.
Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari is an Indian television comedy drama which premiered on August 27, 2019, on &TV, starring Sarika Bahroliya and Sartaj Gill.
The story revolves around Gudiya, a goofy, ordinary looking, free-spirited girl whose family is desperate to find a spouse for her.
The story revolves around Gudiya, a goofy, ordinary looking, free-spirited girl whose family is desperate to find a spouse for her.
After watching Muddhu's photo, gudiya liking Muddhu, In the occasion of Engagement ceremony of Gudiya, Muddhu & Muddhu's family ran out.
Meanwhile, Jaggie(Radhe's best Friend) Calls Radhe and says he is coming India and want to do his son's marriage with Gudiya.
Rocky and jaggie's intension are not good, in the occasion of engagement ceremony of Gudiya with Rocky, Radhey convinces Gudiya for the engagement.
Everyone thinks that even she has begun to see imaginary Muddhu.Nanhelal tells Radhey that Chunni is responsible for Muddu fleeing away.
Megan Blunk (born on September 12, 1989) is an American wheelchair basketball player for the United States women's national wheelchair basketball team.
It was during summer break from the University of Illinois that Blunk began para-canoeing at the Gig Harbor Canoe and Kayak Club.
In 2013, she competed with Team USA at the ParaCanoe World Championships, where she won two silver medals However, after qualifying for the final roster with the 2015 United States women's national wheelchair basketball team, she competed in the 2015 Parapan American Games, and later tried out for the United States para-canoe trials.
Deciding to stick with basketball, Blunk helped Team USA win a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics by beating Germany 62-45 in the medal finals.
Rustic characteristics featured in the buildings include the use of native stone, traditional construction methods, evident hand craftsmanship, and simple, functional design.
The rustic design originated with the National Park Service emphasized the use of native materials and adaptation of indigenous or frontier methods of construction.
Traditional construction methods were used to save the expensive of power tools and large machinery and because they provided more employment.
Matthew Rohrbach (born May 12, 1959) is an American politician who has served in the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 17th district since 2014.
Yosel Tiefenbrun (born in Brooklyn, NY) also known as Rabbitailor, is an American master tailor and rabbi, based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
He graduated from the Savile Row Academy, London in 2014, and apprenticed under Master Tailor Andrew Ramroop of Maurice Sedwell for two years.
After finishing his apprenticeship, Yosel moved back to Singapore and worked as a tailor at Kevin Seah Bespoke, where he worked with many Asian and international clients.
While in Singapore he also worked as a Rabbi for the Singapore Jewish Community, where he lead a congregation of over 200 expatriates.
At the age of 28, Yosel moved to New York to open his own tailoring house TIEFENBRUN in Williamsburg, New York.
The Sŏnbong women's football team plays in the DPR Korea Women's League, since earning promotion from Division 2 at the end of 2014.
Lavigne was born in Besançon in 1816, and received his early musical education from his father, a musician in an infantry regiment.
In 1830 he was admitted a pupil of the Conservatoire de Paris, where he studied the oboe under Gustave Vogt; he was obliged to leave in May 1835, on account of his father's regiment being ordered from Paris.
He addressed himself with great earnestness to applying to the oboe the system of keys which Boehm had contrived for the flute, and devoted several years to perfecting the instrument.
It is native to the North and South America, where it ranges from the U.S. states of Arkansas and Oklahoma southward into Mexico.
Morus notabilis is a species of mulberry found in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China, at around 1,300 to 2,800m elevation.
He was the member of parliament for the Akwapim South constituency from 1954 to 1965 and the member of parliament for the Akropong constituency from 1965 to 1966.
He was re-elected in 1956 and remained in this position until 1965 when he became the member of parliament for the Akropong constituency.
In 2012, the CMC purchased the property next door to the school's main building in the Mission District, in order to provide ADA-compliant accessibility and double the number of students.
In December 2019, the CMC was added to the city's Legacy Business Registry, in recognition of the school's decades of service to the community.
Private lessons and group classes in voice, instruments, composition, and music theory are offered, with tuition assistance available on a sliding scale.
The CMC hosts several tuition-free programs, including choirs for adults aged 55 and older, the Mission District Young Musicians Program for students aged 13 to 18, and the New Voices Bay Area TIGQ Chorus, a mixed voice choral ensemble for transgender, intersex, and genderqueer singers, led by Reuben Zellman.
This is a list of all pay-per-view (PPV) events held by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) after Billy Corgan bought the professional wrestling promotion in 2017 and started to produce shows under the banner of the NWA.
15th/Clark is a proposed rapid transit station for the Red Line, the station would be located between the Roosevelt and Cermak–Chinatown stations.
Kenneth Sisam (1887–1971) was a New Zealand academic and publisher, whose major career was as an employee of the Oxford University Press.
Born at Opotiki on 2 September 1887, he was the eighth and youngest child of Alfred John Sisam, a police officer and farmer, and his wife Maria Knights.
He was educated at Auckland Grammar School, and entered University College, Auckland in 1906 with a scholarship, where he graduated M.A.
From 1922 to 1942 Sisam worked at OUP under Robert William Chapman, while developing his scholarly work on Anglo-Saxon, failing in 1925 to become Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon when Tolkien was chosen.
Brian Kurcaba (born October 25, 1976) is an American politician who served in the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 51st district from 2014 to 2016.
William S. Green, Mount Selwyn was renamed to honor Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824-1902), director of the Geological Survey of Canada, and President of the Royal Society of Canada.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1890 by Harold E. Forster, Harold Ward Topham, Harry Sinclair, and Samuel Yves.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Selwyn is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
This climate supports an intensely glaciated area around the mountain including the Fox Glacier on the north aspect, The Bishops Glacier on the south, the Deville Névé to southeast, and the Deville Glacier to the east.
She later moved to Pubna where there were tensions with other missionaries, particularly as the men, who had arrived later, controlled the finances and movements of the women.
From 1913, she lived in a thatched, mud-floored village hut among the local people rather than in the typical British Raj style properties of her colleagues.
Arnold retired to Australia in 1930, with the East Bengal Baptist Union taking over her work, but returned to India as a voluntary worker and died in Ataikola on 9 July 1931 after refusing surgery for a malignant growth.
Born in Wien, Streitmann is said to have started studying medicine, but then devoted himself to acting after receiving instruction from .
His debut took place in Bratislava (as Geßler, Gringoire and Hamlet), then in Berlin (inaugural role Franz Moor, 16 August 1878), Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Sigmaringen.
He completed a tour of North America: from Southampton he embarked on a ship to New York, where he made his debut as a gypsy baron on 22 September 1889.
He also learned English, so that he was able to perform with the prima donna Lillian Russell in Madison Square Garden on 26 October 1891.
His further activities took place at the Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater in Berlin from 1901 to 1902, again at the Carltheater in Vienna from 1902 to 1905, and he made frequent guest appearances at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin, the Hoftheater in Stuttgart and in Amsterdam.
Between 1882 and 1884 Streitmann was married with the actress Louise Übermasser as well as from 1904 with the singer Gisela Noë.
The Datum of 2022 is a placeholder name for a new vertical datum set to be produced by the National Geodetic Survey in 2022 to improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) by replacing the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum.
The new reference frames will rely primarily on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as on a gravimetric geoid model resulting from NGS' Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project.
These new reference frames are intended be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.
Lilian Martin-Leake (17 March 1867, Paddington, England – 1962, Bideford, England) was a British astronomer, science teacher and scientific illustrator, and a member of British Astronomical Association.
She was a member of the expedition organized by the British Astronomical Association to observe the total eclipse of May 28, 1900.
Along with four other members of the expedition she was stationed on the roof of the Hotel de la Régence in Algiers to examine the structure of the corona in the telescope.
Lilian Martin-Leake was born on 17 March 1867 in the family of William Martin-Leake - civil engineer and coffee planter and Louisa Harriet (Tennant) Martin-Leake.
From 1896 to 1900 she was the Science Mistress at Winchester High School, from 1914 to 1915 and again from 1919 to 1928 she was an occasional inspector for the Board of Education.
The song was released on November 16, 2016 by Dualtone Records, with the accompanying music video being released the same day.
Then the girl goes with him into a car and they drive throughout all the state; after some mechanic problems with their car, they finally arrive to house where they could spend the night.
That same night they get married; the music videos ends with they going to sleep on the house's floor but when it dawned, she was the only who was laying down on the floor.
Zoran Tegeltija (born 29 September 1961) is a BiH politician, former mayor of Mrkonjić Grad municipality, president of the Republika Srpska Basketball Federation, former Republika Srpska Minister of Finance.
In the period 2000-02. he was a member of the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska and later chairman of the State Commission for Crossing the Border of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
He was elected Minister of Finance of Republika Srpska in the National Assembly of Republika Srpska on December 29, 2010 as Minister of Finance in the Government of Aleksandar Džombić, and was later elected to this post by first and second cabinet member Željko Cvijanović.
On December 5, 2019, the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina confirmed the appointment of Zoran Tegeltija as the new Chairman of the BiH Council of Ministers.
Sergiy Kyslytsya () (15 August 1969, Kyiv) is a former Ukrainian diplomat and politician, who has served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine, and Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations (From 2019).
2006 - 2014 Director-General for International Organizations (Directorate-general for the United Nations and Other International Organizations of the MFA of Ukraine until November 2011).
The Great Detective: The Amazing Rise and Immortal Life of Sherlock Holmes is a non-fiction book by Zach Dundas about Sherlock Holmes.
A student of Julius Eichberg in Boston, in the late 1880s she established a string quartet consisting only of women, the first of its kind in the United States.
Joseph Joachim was so surprised to see a quartet consisting only of women that he allowed all four to attend the Conservatory and study under him for a whole year.
A scrapbook belonging to Shattuck with over 200 photographs of her violin students is to be found in the Schlesinger Library.
It is possibly the same opera that was performed on 30 May 1756 at the Teatre de la Santa Creu, Barcelona.
There is another version, also by Porpora, to a libretto by Metastasio, first performed in 1743, as well as another opera on the same subject by Francesco Manelli (1595–1670).
The action is set in the 5th century BC and concerns the Athenian general Themistocles who is in exile at the court of Artaxerxes I of Persia.
Artaserse, Temistocle, Palmide (lover of Temistocle), Eraclea (daughter of Temistocle), Cambise (favourite of Artaserse, in love with Palmide), Clearco (Athenian ambassador, in love with Eraclea), Arsace (captain of the guard).
This prompts the king to condemn him to death although at the end of the opera, impressed with Temistocle's sense of honour, he relents.
Temistocle loves Palmide but since Artaserse wishes them to marry he cannot love her without the burden of feeling that royal approval requires him to betray his country.
The list is restricted to the advertising industry, as opposed to trade organizations, film and music festivals, and so on where the awards may be considered to have some advertising value.
The 1989 Hong Kong Gold Cup was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place in September 1989 in Hong Kong.
The tournament was a three-man tournament featuring Steve Davis, Alex Higgins and Jimmy White, each of whom played each other in a round robin match with the two best players advancing to the final, where Davis defeated Higgins 6–3.
Grub (Oberbay) station () is a railway station in the municipality of Grub, located in the Ebersberg district in Bavaria, Germany.
The Big Picture is a documentary film directed by John Doggett-Williams about filmmakers Charles and Elsa Chauvel and their eight feature films made between 1926 and 1955.
The film has extensive interviews with Susanne Chauvel Carlsson, Michael Pate, and Ric Carlsson as well as documentary footage of the Chauvels, with representative out-takes from each film.
Chancel Ndaye (born 14 April 1999) is a Burundian football player who currently plays as a defender for Las Vegas Lights of the USL Championship.
Around 450 delegates comprising leaders, thinkers, intellectuals, politicians and non-governmental organisations from 56 countries including the Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani attended the summit.
Missa Providentiae is a Kyrie–Gloria Mass in D minor composed by Antonio Caldara, which around 1728 was expanded into a by Jan Dismas Zelenka: this composer derived a Sanctus and Agnus Dei from Caldara's Kyrie and Gloria, and added a Credo, ZWV 31, of his own hand.
Around 1738–1741, Johann Sebastian Bach made a copy of a Sanctus, BWV 239, which was based on the first section of the Gloria of Caldara's Kyrie–Gloria Mass.
The Mass is composed for soprano, alto, tenor and bass soloist singers, and a choir consisting of the four same voice types (SATB).
The orchestra consists of strings (two violin parts and one viola part) and basso continuo, to which in some movements two oboes are added.
Dresden was the capital of the Electorate of Saxony: Saxony was dominantly Protestant, but the elector, Augustus the Strong, had converted to Catholicism in order to become eligible as king of Poland.
In 1708, however, the former Opernhaus am Taschenberg, adjacent to the palace, opened as (court church), open to the general public.
Kyrie–Gloria Masses were seen as a Protestant practice, and thus the musicians of the Dresden court started to transform these mass compositions into .
The Sanctus was adopted as Bach's in the 19th-century , and in the first edition of the (1950), where it got 239 as BWV number.
During World War II, he participated in the rescue of treasures from the Hermitage Museum (1941), before being evacuated to Sverdlovsk in March of 1942, where he taught at the Ural State University (1943–1944).
Paul Roan (born January 11, 1943) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 20th district from 2000 to 2012.
She was the first full-time curator of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and one of the first women to be an elected honorary member of the MCC.
At the outbreak of World War II, she was 21 years old; she spent the war driving ambulances in London during the Blitz and in Cambridge and Cardiff.
As part of her father's effort to restore Lord’s Cricket Ground after its occupation by the Royal Air Force during the war, Rait Kerr helped him to sort and catalogue the ground’s records and artefacts.
She was the first person to hold the position as a permanent full-time role, as previous staff had been either part-time or volunteers.
During her tenure, she organised much of the MCC’s collection of artefacts and documents into a museum, housed in the club’s converted racquets court.
In 1999, when Lord’s Cricket Ground ended its 212-year policy of only admitting men, Rait Kerr was one of the first women members.
Lipocarpha micrantha, known as dwarf bulrush, small-flowered hemicarpha, small-flower halfchaff sedge, common hemicarpa and tiny-flowered sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family (Cyperaceae) native to North America.
The group is working to develop a visual database in map form of every marine protected area (MPA) in the world as well as deploy new radar systems to protect vulnerable areas from illegal activity.
This means that some marine waters may be in several different regulated zones at once, which makes determining what is and is not allowed in the area difficult.
ProtectedSeas developed the Marine Managed Area Map as an evolving online tool that boaters can use to track their location on the water with respect to nearby protected areas and other legally restricted zones.
The map is free and designed for easy, one-click use by the public as well as those in the marine industry.
Information on each area includes which specific activities are allowed and restricted (such as diving or fishing by use of bottom trawl), as well as the protected area's boundaries.
The project began in 2015 and, as of December 2019, ProtectedSeas has mapped 50% of global MPAs and over 2/3 of the ocean by area.
Completed regions include the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, the Baltic and the high seas, with Central and South America coming soon.
ProtectedSeas is one of the first organizations to map marine managed areas in international waters known as the high seas, and release the data at the United Nations Ocean Conference in 2017.
ProtectedSeas developed a radar surveillance system designed to track vessel movement in sensitive marine areas and successfully demonstrated their first deployment at Moss Landing Marine Labs in 2015.
Rangers and other authorities can use this system--called Marine Monitor (M2)--to watch for poachers 24/7, enforce local laws against illegal fishing and potential damage to reefs.
The system involves radar, a support structure, power source and internet, making it relatively low cost and a potential solution for hard-to-manage remote areas.
Global Conservation is planning an M2 system to monitor the waters off the coast of Isla de la Plata, Ecuador, following the implementation of a two-mile no-fishing zone in Machalilla National Park.
Julius Bien (27 September 1826, Naumburg – 21 December 1909, Manhattan, New York) was a Jewish American lithographer originally from Germany, as well as president of B’nai B’rith for more than three decades.
He was schooled at the Kunsthochschule Kassel, and then at the Städel Institute in Frankfurt as a student of Moritz Daniel Oppenheim.
Like many other Jews he fought on the side of the liberals in the 1848 Revolution, and fled to New York in 1848 or 1849.
He began a lithography studio, first with a single press, and turned that into a large and successful company by century's end.
From 1854 to 1857, and again from 1868 to 1900, he was president of B'nai B'rith, contributing substantially to its internationalization.
The first edition had been printed in black and white, and then finished with watercolor paint; the new edition promised a greater level of color accuracy.
In the end, the project was not finished: of the original 435 plates, only 150 were made and in 1860 publication was halted.
John Woodhouse Audubon died in 1862, indebted, ending all prospects of finishing it, and there was significant financial insecurity at a time of war.
Lefteris Nikolaou-Alavanos is a Greek politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Communist Party of Greece.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico.
Bobby, with help from his friends, is determined to achieve a Christmas miracle and train Chilly to live in a flat.
When dog thieves come to steal Chilly, the dog remembers the house tricks Bobby taught him and uses them to avoid being caught.
His Dad decides not to move away and after a second Christmas miracle, snow in California, Bobby and Chilly celebrate, knowing they can stay together.
This is then followed by a brief discussion and introduction to the film, with the other co-host (or the guest, in the case of an additional commentator being present for the episode) is tasked with providing a plot synopsis of the film in sixty seconds.
The rest of the episode consists of banter between the hosts, who discuss the film, covering topics such as its production, the careers of the stars, directors or other individuals involved with the making of the film.
Phoradendron bolleanum, commonly called Bollean mistletoe, is a species of plant in the sandalwood family that is native to the desert southwest, California and southern Oregon in the United States.
He previously served as a member of the Hellenic Parliament for Golden Dawn between 2012 and 2019, and was elected to the European Parliament on the party's ticket before announcing that he would sit as an independent a few days after being sworn in as an MEP on 2 July 2019.
In January 2020, Lagos tore down the flag of Turkey during a speech at the European Parliament on illegal migration, accusing Turkey of sending illegal immigrants to Greece.
Ed Cannaday (born October 31, 1940) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 15th district from 2006 to 2018.
The single debuted at number 57 in West Germany for the week of October 24, 1988, and peaked at number 6 three weeks later.
It flows across mountainous areas, first northeastwards, entering Transbaikal Krai, then bends to the northwest across the western edge of the Khentei-Daur Highlands, joining the Chikoy on its left bank.
Maymuna Abu Bakr (born 1948) is a Yemeni poet, songwriter and television director, the first Yemeni woman to publish a poetry collection in southern Yemen.
They won four seats in the Cebu City Council along with its candidates for Mayor, Michael Rama and for Vice Mayor, Edgardo Labella.
In the 2019 elections, BARUG withdrew its alliance with United Nationalist Alliance and allied itself with PDP–Laban after several of its members joined the latter.
They won eight seats in the Cebu City Council along with its candidates for Mayor, Edgardo Labella and for Vice Mayor, Michael Rama.
The Zhengzhou–Fuyang high-speed railway is a high-speed passenger-dedicated line (PDL) between Zhengzhou in Henan province, and Fuyang in Anhui province on China's central plain.
In December 2019 there were 9 trains per day in each direction along the line, the fastest time between the terminals is now 1 hour 22 minutes (train G1955) the slowest direct train on the line takes 1 hour and 55 minutes(train G3182).
There are alternative high-speed trains between the terminals via which are almost as fast, for example G3170 takes 2 hours and 2 minutes.
To do this he decides the only way to find them is to get on the good side of the wife of the man suspected of abducting them.
While that's what he wanted, he quickly finds others suddenly want to seize him and whisk him away, so he runs for his life.
Kostas Arvanitis is a Greek politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Coalition of the Radical Left.
Bruna Costa Alexandre (born March 29, 1995) is a Brazilian para table tennis player who is two-time World bronze medalist and Paralympic bronze medalist in both singles and teams events along with Danielle Rauen.
A leading actress of the late 1960s and 1970s she has received eight BFJA Awards, five for best actress, two for best supporting actress and one for lifetime achievement.
Lickley sought a seat in District 25 seat A. Lickley defeated B. Roy Prescott and Glenneda Zuiderveld with 49.8% if the votes.
On November 6, 2018, Lickley won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 25 Seat A. Lickley succeeded Maxine Bell, who served in Idaho House of Representatives for 30 years.
In legislation, Lickley is a member of the Environment, Energy, & Technology Committee, Health & Welfare Committee, and Resources & Conservation Committee.
In 2019, he contested for the speaker of  house of representatives of the 9 assembly but stepped down for Femi  Gbajabiamila who was endorsed for the position by their party All Progressives Congress, APC.
Namdas was born in Ganye Local Council Area of  Adamawa State during the Nigerian civil war, his childhood experience greatly influenced his upbringing, and the seeds of humanitarianism, political activism and internationalism were sown in him.
After graduating with a BSC in Sociology from the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, and then a Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism from the Nigeria Institute of Journalism in 1998.
Namdas became a partisan politician after he was appointed Director General of Atiku Support Group – an influential political campaign platform that was founded by Atiku Abubakar, a former Vice President of Nigeria who served alongside President Olusengun Obasanjo between 1999 and 2007.
After the inauguration of the 8 assembly on June 6, 2015 he was appointed as chairman of house committee on  Media and Public Affairs.
After winning election to a second term in the house in 2019, Namdas started a campaign for the speaker of the Federal House of Representatives of the 9 assembly.
His major campaign issues were rebranding of the image of the national assembly which was at the time under severe criticism for various reasons by Nigerians and the second issue was to give the youths a key political position.
His campaign received popular support but several factors including zoning of speakership position to the south west of Nigeria and the issue of ranking (seniority) worked against him.
The original election, which Schleuss lost by 271 votes, was set aside by union officials in August 2019 after more than 1,000 members failed to receive ballots.
Prior to his election, Schleuss worked as a data and graphics journalist in the Los Angeles Times Data and Graphics Department.
Before joining The Times in 2013, Schleuss was the online editor of the Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette and worked as a host for an NPR member station based in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
Roger Guilhem is a French former professional rugby league footballer who represented France at the 1954 Rugby League World Cup, as a or .
Guilhem, then playing for AS Carcassonne, was called up to represent France in the 1951 tour of Australia and New Zealand and the 1954 Rugby League World Cup played in France.
He took part only in a match during the tournament and was in the bench during the final against Great Britain, the latter winning the tournament.
The 2019 Minor Counties Championship was the 115th Minor Counties Cricket Championship season, and the fifth under the name 'Unicorn Counties Championship'.
In a match reduced to a single innings, teams receive 12 points for a win, 8 for a draw (6 if less than 20 overs per side) and 4 points for losing.
Bonus points (a maximum of 4 batting points and 4 bowling points) may be scored during the first 90 overs of each team's first innings.
Heemstra decided that she wanted to be a scientist whilst she was at high school and she took part in the Science Olympiad.
She was an undergraduate researcher with James Nowick, where she studied the folding of beta sheets and became interested in supramolecular chemistry.
She was a doctoral student at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign where she worked with Jeffrey S. Moore on phenylene ethynylene cavitands.
On the day of her doctoral defense, Heemstra received a phone call from her proposed postdoctoral advisor who was concerned that she would become pregnant during her research position, which would result in her taking time out of the laboratory.
Heemstra lost the postdoctoral position as a result, and instead spent two years working on medicinal chemistry in industry before starting a different postdoctoral position at Harvard University.
Heemstra is working on new approaches to monitor RNA editing, through the use of fluorescence labelling, as well as ways to manipulate these modifications for genetic engineering.
She has worked on threose nucleic acids (TNAs) which can be used to confer genetic information and in the detection of small molecule toxins.
Archibald Ruthven of Forteviot and Master of Ruthven (1546-1578), was a Scottish nobleman who raised a Scottish force for Swedish service in Estonia.
There his men and the German soldiers in Swedish service fought a serious battle with each other; many hundred Scotsmen being killed.
As a prisoner in Sweden he was accused of having participated in a conspiracy to assassinate King John III of Sweden.
The Master of Ruthven was the son of Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven, and brother of William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie.
At the age of 14, he became one of the ten Scottish hostages delivered to the English in accordance with the Treaty of Berwick 1560.
In Scotland, Ruthven on 4 July 1573 received the permission of the Privy Council of Scotland, to recruit 1,600 soldiers for Swedish service; provided that he did not entice any men from the King's service, nor use any constraint or deceit.
Ruthven had raised substantially more men than the 1,600 men allowed by the Privy Council; 3,000 foot and 760 horse arrived at Älvsborg, on the Swedish west coast, in June and July 1573.
Upon their arrival in Stockholm and ports in Östergötland, they were joined by another 300 Scottish cavalry and shipped to Reval, where they arrived in September and joined with Swedish and Finnish regulars as well as German mercenaries, primarily consisting of cavalry and artillery.
In November, the army left for Wesenberg under the overall command of Clas Åkesson Tott and field command of Pontus de la Gardie.
The march was again delayed by the Scottish troops, who demanded to be paid a month in advance, causing de la Gardie to sell part of his jewelry to satisfy their claims.
De la Gardie withdrew part of the besieging army for expeditions to nearby Tolsberg and Dorpat both of which were unsuccessful.
The besieging forces were demoralized, supplies ran out and tensions grew; the German troops blamed the failures on a lack of Scottish support.
A German officer tried to intervene, but when he was unsuccessful and the brawl turned into an open fight, de la Gardie, Tott and Ruthven arrived to the scene in person.
When the commanders had fled the scene, Scottish troops attacked the German artillery, seized the guns and took aim at the German cavalry.
About 70 Scots escaped to the Russian forces in Wesenberg, the last record of them is that they were subsequently brought to Moscow.
A court of inquiry found the Scots troops responsible for the disaster at Wesenberg, and the wounded Ruthven and his second-in-command, Gilbert Balfour, were taken as prisoners to Stockholm.
De Mornay, Ruthven and Balfour were tried before a court of eight members of the Privy Council of Sweden and 15 noblemen.
Balfour was also sentenced to lose his life, his honour and his goods, but the judgment was not immediately implemented; he being kept in prison during the trial of Ruthven.
In prison, Ruthven repeatedly petioned the King, the Queen, and De la Gardie, declaring his innocence, claiming that he had first heard of it in Reval.
The Scottish government pled for the prisoners; the Regent of Scotland, the Earl of Morton wrote to the Swedish king, and sent an envoy to Stockholm.
King John III, who feared international complications, or even war with Scotland, stayed the execution until it after many delays took place in August of 1576.
Ruthven was kept a prisoner at Västerås Castle, but was allowed a couple of servants, and could walk freely in town and to church.
The last five months of his life, he did, however, stay with a citizen of the town, where he died in February 1578.
The position is currently held by Prime Minister Scott Morrison and has been since 24 August 2018, whom represents the Division of Cook in New South Wales.
The Liberal Party leadership was first held by former United Australia Party leader and eventual co–founder Robert Menzies, along with eighteen political organisations and groups.
Scott Morrison is the current leader and was elected to be Leader and Prime Minister, first in a leadership spill, and second, in an upset federal election victory on the 18th of May 2019.
Since the days of Menzies, the Liberal Party has either been in government with a coalition or in opposition to the Labor.
Miguel Antonio Matos (born September 1, 1983), known professionally as Antonio Fresco, is an American DJ, record producer and radio personality.
During his tenure at the radio station, Antonio has interviewed many notable acts such as rappers Nelly, B.o.B., and former girl group, OMG Girlz.
The music video, directed by Prince Domonick, was done in collaboration with the New York Film Academy as one of their Industry Lab projects.
Elliot Panicco (born 1996) is an American soccer player who was drafted by the Nashville SC in the 2020 MLS SuperDraft.
Panicco is the most recent recipient of the Senior CLASS Award for men's soccer, a national award recognizing the best senior men's college soccer player in the country.
Starting his sophomore year, Panicco became a four-year starter for the 49ers program, amassing a total of 77 appereances for the team, as well as earning one assist during his college career.
Panicco made his college soccer debut on August 29, 2016 in a 6–0 victory against Hofstra, where he would record his first career shutout, and make four saves during the match.
On September 17, 2016 during a conference slate against Old Dominion, Panicco would register his first, and only, collegiate assist, helping Charlotte prevail to a 2–0 victory.
Concluding the 2016 Conference USA men's soccer season, Panicco was named the Conference USA Men's Soccer Freshman of the Year and named to the Conference USA All-First Team.
In 2017, in his second year, Panicco helped Charlotte reach the championship match of the 2017 Conference USA Men's Soccer Tournament, where they ultimately lost to Old Dominion.
John Corbus (October 25, 1907 – March 22, 1966), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
The 2020 Formula 4 United States Championship season will be the fifth season of the United States Formula 4 Championship, a motor racing series regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations and sanctioned by SCCA Pro Racing, the professional racing division of the Sports Car Club of America.
Armee Korps was established on 15 April 1940 in the Wehrkreis XVII (Vienna) and took part in the Battle of France in the section of the 6th Army.
In July 1940, the Corps was transferred to the General Government (Poland) and placed under the command of the 4th Army.
After the start of Operation Barbarossa (June 1941), again under the command of the 6th Army, the XXXXIV Army Corps , composed of the 9th, 262nd, 297th and 57th Infantry Divisions, operated on the Southern Bug, and took Sokal and Krystynopol.
In August 1941, during the Battle of Uman, the corps was subordinated to the 1st Panzer Army and advanced to the Dnieper after the battle.
In September 1941, assigned to the 17th Army, the Corps, as part of Gruppe Schwedler, secured the Dnieper Section in the Cherkassy area during the Battle of Kiev with the 68th and 297th Infantry Divisions.
In January 1942, the Corps was pushed back in the Barvenkovo–Lozovaya Offensive by troops of the Southern Front (under Malinovsky) in the Izyum area.
During the German summer offensive, the Corps invaded the Caucasus from Sloviansk via the lower Don near Konstantinovsk in July 1942.
Pulled back to the Taman Peninsula in July 1943, the Corps was reassigned to the 6th Army on the Lower Dnieper and fought during October 1943 against the Soviet Lower Dnieper Offensive.
On March 13, 1944, the city of Cherson was lost to troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front after the Bereznegovatoye–Snigirevka Offensive.
The corps was attacked by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front from Dubăsari, pushed back and surrounded at Chișinău and completely destroyed.
The Steele Cup Cash is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, held at the Capital Winter Club in Fredericton, New Brunswick.
Antranik Apelian (26 December 1929 - 10 June 2017) was a French-Armenian rugby league footballer who played in 1950s and 1960s, as a .
At club level, he played for Marseille XIII for all of his career, with which he won the Lord Derby Cup in 1965 and ended second in the 1954 French Rugby League Championship final.
The Columbia Lions women's squash team is the intercollegiate women's squash team for Columbia University located in New York City, New York.
Its National Register nomination describes it as Chicago School in style:A simply decorated and handsome structure, the Breier Building is an example of the Chicago School Commercial style.
Typical characteristics of this style are masonry clad exteriors and a higher proportion of windows to wall space than was used in previous styles.
While geometric and foliate adornment are more typical of earlier-period Chicago School Commercial-style buildings, later examples like the Breier Building are more stark and stripped of ornament.
Codey McElroy (born December 13, 1992) is an American football tight end for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).
McElroy started out playing junior college baseball at Eastern Oklahoma State College, where he batted .276 with eight home runs and 33 RBIs in 59 games.
He started 16 games at shortstop, but batted .161 and opted to transfer to Division II Cameron University in order to be closer to home.
In his only season with the Aggies, McElroy hit .318 with seven home runs and a team leading 31 RBIs and was named first team All-Lone Star Conference.
He was drafted in the 19th round of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft by the Atlanta Braves at the end of the season.
After batting .242 with the Rookie League Danville Braves McElroy was promoted to the Class-A Rome Braves towards the end of the 2014 season and batted .217.
He joined the men's basketball team as a walk-on, playing five minutes over four games and no points scored in his only season.
McElroy spent a year as an assistant baseball coach at Wichita State University before deciding to enroll at Southeastern Oklahoma State University in order to prepare for a career in the oil industry.
He also walked on to the football team as a tight end despite not having played since middle school, catching 14 passes for 173 yards and five touchdowns in nine games.
McElroy was signed by the Los Angeles Rams as an undrafted free agent on May 15, 2018 after participating in a rookie tryout.
He was originally place on injured reserve during training camp, but was waived with an injury settlement on September 4, 2019.
McElroy was signed to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers practice squad on October 30, 2019 after working out for the team earlier in the season.
McElroy made his NFL debut on December 21, 2019 against the Houston Texans, catching a 30 yard pass from Jameis Winston for his first career reception.
It was initially released in February 1998 as a debut single and was very successful throughout Scandinavia, reaching number 16. in Denmark.
Kiss Me Red also pops up in the popular dance game In The Groove as a remix, along with Bubble Dancer and The Game.
Johnny Aubert (real name:John Adolphe Aubert) (11 November 1889 – 1 May 1954) was a Swiss classical pianist and music educator.
In 1921 he was engaged as a soloist for the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande with whom he played piano concertos by Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt and Béla Bartók.
The Loire River, flanked by its adjoining canals flows on the western edge of Charolais-Brionnais.The Charolais-Brionnais region is home to the renowned Charolais cattle and is an applicant for UNESCO status as a World Heritage Site to preserve, consolidate and transmit this resource.The EV6 The Rivers Route is a EuroVelo long-distance cycling route.
It leaves the French river Loire at Digoin for the Canal du Centre, where it starts its way through the Charolais-Brionnais.
The Charolais-Brionnais was awarded with two food certifications of the European Union (protected designation of origin; ) for AOP Charolles Beef and AOP Charolais Goat Cheese.
This is a list of international trips made by Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in his position as the 2nd President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Nave and his firm competed with other architectural firms in Lewiston and in Spokane, Washington to get commissions to design public buildings, commercial blocks, and large homes.
Tom Cameron, the Lone Rider, pretends to be an outlaw named Keno -- a task made easier due to the fact that Tom looks exactly like the outlaw.
He pretends to be the outlaw in order to find Keno's accomplices, and recover a large sum of stolen money from Keno's last heist.
Unfortunately for the Lone Rider, one of the outlaw's buddies, Blackie Dawson, begins to suspect Tom is not who he claims to be.
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society and is the holder of the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, the highest honour of the American Meteorological Society, and the Julius Bartels Medal of the European Geophysical Society.
The 2018–19 season is Al Ain Football Club's 45th in existence and the club's 43rd consecutive season in the top-level football league in the UAE.
The final, on 22 December, was lost 4–1 to UEFA Champions League winners Real Madrid at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi.
Bonaiuti practiced medicine in Florence in the 15th century, taught medicine at the University of Florence, and was on the governing council of the Republic of Florence, a powerful position on par in importance (domestically) to being a member of the US senate, today.
He was buried in the Basilica of Santa Croce, roughly halfway between where Michelangelo and his own descendant, Galileo, would be interred.
While officially retaining the Bounaiuti surname for generations, the family began referring to itself by the surnames Galilei or Galileo in his honor around that time.
The Hoard is a 2018 Canadian comedy horror film written, produced, edited and directed by Jesse Thomas Cook and Matt Wiele.
Michael Stewart Nicholson of Carnock, succeeded to the lands of Blackhall and Ardgowan on the death of his uncle Sir John Shaw Stewart, in 1812.
He was invested in these lands in 1813 and dropped the name of Nicholson and became Sir Michael Shaw Stewart of Ardgowan, 5th Baronet.
In 1787 as Michael Nicholson of Carnock, he had married his cousin Catherine Maxwell, youngest daughter of Sir William Maxwell of Springkell and Margaret Stewart, Michael's aunt.
He was: An officer of the Yeomanry of Renfrewshire, a high office-bearer in the Grand Masonic Lodge of Scotland, and as a keen horseman, Sir Michael was a member of the Royal Caledonian Hunt..
On the 24th August 1822, during the Visit of King George IV to Scotland, Sir Michael, dressed in his Yeomanry Uniform attended the banquet at Parliament House provided by the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Town Council of the City of Edinburgh.
On the 27th August in the library at Melville Castle, Sir Michael with other members of the Caledonian Hunt presented the King with an elegantly bound book containing a list of names and the rules of the Caledonian Hunt.
Sir Michael contributed to many charities at home, such as the payment of land rental for the Greenock Infirmary; the education of many poor children in Inverkip over a number of years, providing them with books paper, pens and pencils as well as paying most of the Schoolmasters salary.
His most important scheme of all was to commission the building of a reservoir to provide the water for Greenock and neighbouring districts.
The engineer responsible for the building of the reservoir was Mr Robert Thom, and the artificial lake, completed in 1827, became Loch Thom.
The 2019–20 Georgia Southern Eagles men's basketball team represent Georgia Southern University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Eagles, led by 7th-year head coach Mark Byington, play their home games at Hanner Fieldhouse in Statesboro, Georgia as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
The Eagles finished the 2018–19 season 21–12, 12-6 in Sun Belt play to finish in a 3-way tie for second place.
The 2001–02 Divizia D was the 60th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off match played on a neutral venue.
The story involves the life of 'Abdu, who is a working class person living in poverty who is oppressed in many different ways.
Diana Laura Evangelista Chávez (born 5 November 1994) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a winger for Liga MX Femenil club Monterrey and the Mexico women's national team.
She made her debut for the senior Mexico women's national team on 12 December 2019, in a 6–0 friendly defeat by Brazil at Arena Corinthians in São Paulo.
Founded in January 2018 by Mohamed Malim the company designs and markets most notably recycled life jackets that refugees worn and turns into bracelets and produced by refugees.
Epimonia is on a mission to spread hope and love through providing support for refugees in The United States with the opportunity for education and advancement.
In addition, the company partners with refugee tailors in Minnesota to provide jobs to refugee communities of recent arrivals to America.
Sure-Tan, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 467 U.S. 883 (1984) is a labor law case that resulted in a split decision before the Supreme Court of the United States.
However, by a 5-4 majority the court ruled that the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was limited in its remedies for penalizing employers who fired undocumented workers for union organizing in violation of the NLRA.
Following the NLRB’s certification of the election in January 1977, the company’s owner wrote to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) naming five union supporters who might be undocumented.
The NLRB found the company in violation of the workers’ right to organize, ordered the workers rehired and paid back pay for the lost work from the date of their deportation.
Justice O’Connor delivered the decision for the U.S. Supreme Court, ruling that undocumented workers were fully covered by the NLRA, but that reinstatement and back pay could not be assessed because the workers, having been deported to Mexico, were unavailable for work.
Justices Brennan, Marshall, Blackmun, and Stevens concurred that undocumented workers are employees under the NLRA, but dissented from back pay portion of the decision, arguing that the NLRB had acted properly.
Justices Powell and Rehnquist dissented from the opinion that undocumented workers are employees under the NLRA, but concurred with the decision to deny back pay to deported undocumented workers.
Professional from 1950 to 1956, he had several successes during his career, including winning the Giro dell'Appennino in 1951 and the Giro di Toscana the following year.
Homozygous mutations of HFE gene H63D are rarely the cause of hemochromatosis, however it is also associated with the occurrence of other conditions like hypotransferrinemia, liver dysfunction, bone and joint issues, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hormone imbalances, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), infertility, stroke, neurodegenerative and brain damages, some cancers, venous and peripheral artery disease.
The most relevant risk associated with a H63D mutation is for brain damage due to iron accumulation which causes oxidation processes within the affected cells (chronic oxidative stress) and, as a consequence, leading to cell death (scarring of brain tissue) with severely disturbed neurotransmitter activity.
These incurable processes include increased cellular iron, oxidative stress (free radical activity), brain glutamate dysbalance, and abnormal levels of tau proteins and alpha-synuclein which both may result in dementias and parkinson’s disease, or similar conditions.
Scientists found that patients homozygous for H63D show a higher risk of earlier signs of cognitive impairment and earlier onset of dementias compared to individuals with normal HFE genes or H63D heterozygous mutation.
Some individuals with a homozygous H63D mutation may show signs of heart disease, cardiomyopathies and disturbances in the calcium channels in particular.
A homozygous mutation of HFE gene H63D is an indication of an Iron Metabolism Disorder known as Hemochromatosis (Iron Overload) and may increase the risk to develop a fatty liver, cryptic (nonspecific) liver dysfunctions, metabolic syndrome and, in patients with a cirrhotic or a liver damaged due to alcohol also the rates of liver cancer.
She is a member of the green political party The Alternative, and was a candidate at the 2019 Danish general election, but did not get reelected.
She was a candidate to succeed Uffe Elbæk as political leader of the party, when he resigned in February 2020, but lost to Josephine Fock.
Theresa Scavenius is the great grandchild of Fergus Roger Scavenius, who was a younger brother of Erik Scavenius, former prime minister of Denmark.
In 2005 she started to study German at the University of Copenhagen, and wrote her bachelor's thesis about Thomas Mann in 2007.
Scavenius was one of 301 Danish researchers who in May 2018 published an open letter, calling politicians to prioritise a more ambitious climate policy above economic growth.
She has appeared in Danish media as a climate expert and has been active in the public debate on climate change.
Scavenius joined The Alternative in December 2017, and was a candidate in the 2019 general election, running in the North Zealand constituency.
In December 2019, she announced that she was a candidate to become political leader of The Alternative, after founder Uffe Elbæk announced that he would resign in February 2020.
Kale Clague (born June 5, 1998) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Ontario Reign in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Clague played major junior hockey for the Brandon Wheat Kings and Moose Jaw Warriors in the Western Hockey League and was drafted by the Kings, 51st overall in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.
The village of Heřmanova Huť was founded in 1954 through the merger of three former villages: Vlkýš, Dolní Sekyřany and Horní Sekyřany.
Hossein Tabib () is an Iranian dentist and pan-Iranist politician who served as a member of parliament from 1975 to 1979, having previously held office as the mayor of Bushehr.
It is made of cream cheese (although this may not be traditional), coconuts, Cool Whip, crushed pineapple, and chopped pecans with a graham cracker crust, although the ingredients are modifiable.
This is a type of icebox pie, which became popular between 1930 and 1950 with the adoption of refrigerators in the United States.
Good Manners (Portuguese: As Boas Maneiras) is a 2017 Brazilian film written and directed by Marco Dutra and Juliana Rojas and starring Isabél Zuaa and Marjorie Estiano.
The film is about a woman named Clara who takes a job as a housekeeper and nanny for a wealthy woman only to realize that the job and pregnancy are more complicated than she originally believed.
A sympathetic Clara guides her through the pain and Ana decides to hire her as a live in housekeeper and future nanny.
Her parents sent her to the city to have an abortion but after she refused to go through with it they cut off contact with her.
She also puts some of her blood into Ana's meal in order to alleviate her desire for blood and her sleepwalking.
Clara initially decides to run away and abandon the baby to die, but changes her mind and decides to raise it herself.
After Clara's landlady gives Joel meat he becomes aggressive with her and searches through her things where he uncovers a photo of Ana.
Joel decides to look for his father, the only clue being a receipt from a shopping mall Ana bought shoes at.
Clara decides to run away with Joel but he instead locks her in the room she uses to hide him during full moons.
The film received a score of 95% on review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes and a 73 from Metacritic indicating positive reviews.
She later joined Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right party Forza Italia, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the first time at the 2001 Italian general election.
From 2001 to 2006 Santelli was undersecretary at the Ministry of Justice in the Berlusconi II and the Berlusconi III cabinets.
From May to December 2013 Santelli was undersecretary at the Ministry of Labour in the Letta Cabinet, until Forza Italia withdrew its support to the government.
Since 2013 Santelli has been the regional coordinator of Forza Italia in Calabria and has been deputy mayor of Cosenza from 2016 to 2019.
In December 2019 she became the centre-right candidate for President of Calabria at the 2020 Calabrian regional election, which she won with around 55% of votes.
In 2017, Cole ran for the 28th district in the 2017 Virginia House of Delegates election but lost to the Republican Bob Thomas by 73 votes.
Marie-Luise Dött, née Duhn (born April 20, 1953 in Nordhorn) is a German politician (CDU) and member of the Bundestag since 1998.
From 1994 to 2005, she was a member of the MIT state executive committee in North Rhine-Westphalia, and has been a member of the MIT federal executive committee since 1995.
Since November 2005, she has been chairwoman of the Environment, Nature Conservation, Construction and Nuclear Safety working group of the CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group in the German Bundestag, and thus also its environmental policy spokeswoman.
She is a member of the Board of Trustees of the AFOS Foundation and the Don Bosco Mondo and a member of the Presidium of the Guardini Foundation.
She is a former curator of the Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft, and is also a member of the Executive Committee of the Handelsverband Deutschland (HDE).
Dött sees global warming as not only caused by mankind and calls for a departure from climate change mitigation, which, in her opinion, would impose new burdens on the economy.
A spokesman for the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag stated that Dött's statements did not correspond to the opinion of the parliamentary group.
During the series of accidents at the Japanese nuclear power plant Fukushima I following the earthquake on 11 March 2011, Dött also spoke out in favor of maintaining the extension of the operating lives of German nuclear power plants.
On the occasion of the accidents, it would have to be examined whether the safety standards in Germany had to be tightened.
Dött takes a positive view of the introduction of the gasoline-ethanol fuel E10 and is in favor of its further introduction.
The 2020 Rafael Nadal tennis season officially began on 3 January 2020, in the first round at the inaugural 2020 ATP Cup Group B venues in Perth.
Nadal will be playing in singles along with compatriot Roberto Bautista Agut, while the doubles team will consist of Feliciano López and Pablo Carreño Busta.
However, because compatriot Bautista Agut won his singles match, and Nadal and Carreño Busta won in the doubles, Spain moved on to the SF against Australia.
There, Nadal defeated Alex de Minaur in the singles in 3 sets, and combined with Bautista Agut's defeat of Nick Kyrgios in straight sets earlier, moved Spain to the ATP Cup Final.
Nadal lost the match in straight sets to Djokovic, and with Spain's loss in doubles, Team Serbia won the ATP Cup.
His record against players who were part of the ATP Rankings Top Ten at the time of their meetings is .
Desroy Findlay (born 3 October 1989) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a defender for the Anguilla national football team.
Findlay made his senior international debut on 8 July 2011 in a 2-0 defeat to the Dominican Republic during World Cup qualifying.
The Rivière du Lac Onésime is a tributary of the Saguenay River, flowing in the city of Saguenay (city), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Lac Onésime river valley is served by Wilbrod Road, Saint-André Road and Montée Duperré, mainly for the needs of forestry and agriculture.
The surface of the Lac Onésime river is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The course of the river Onésime flows into the bottom of Anse à Brillant on the south bank of the Saguenay River.
From the mouth of the Lac Onésime river, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River for east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Born in Berlin, Hirte grew up in Calw, learned the profession of tool and die maker and occasionally sang entertainment songs among his friends.
At the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart he had his voice trained by Hans Hager and in 1964 he was hired as a beginner at the Staatstheater Stuttgart, where he had great success since then.
He also sang this role at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, in Stuttgart, at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf and from 1973 to 1975 also at the Bayreuth Festival.
After defending the UK against air attack as part of Anti-Aircraft Command, it went to Normandy shortly after D Day to defend the important fuel installations at Port-en-Bessin.
146th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment (HAA Rgt) was formed during a period of rapid expansion of Anti-Aircraft Command, utilising batteries drawn from existing regiments.
The new regiment formed part of 30th (Northumbrian) Anti-Aircraft Brigade defending Newcastle and Sunderland in 7th AA Division, but initially 339 HAA Bty was attached to 12th AA Division in the West of Scotland, and 414 HAA Bty to 45 AA Brigade in South Wales.
Before the end of May the whole regiment had concentrated in 5th AA Division, first under 47 AA Bde covering Southampton, then under 35 AA Bde in Portsmouth.
In November 1942 the regiment switched command again, this time to 5 AA Bde, which had air defence commitments in Southern England but had a high turnover of units, many of which were under training for deployment overseas.
In May 1943 it was 146th HAA Rgt's turn: it left 5 AA Bde and had left AA Command altogether and joined the field forces before the end of the month.
It was joined by 598 HAA Bty and a Troop of 600 HAA Bty from 177th HAA Rgt on 19 July 1943.
In April 1944, 146th HAA Rgt joined 76 AA Bde, one of the formations preparing for the Allied invasion of Normandy, Operation Overlord.
598 HAA Bty and the Trp of 600 Bty left to rejoin 177th HAA Rgt on 5 May 1944, reducing 146th HAA Rgt to the three-battery establishment (176, 414, 465) for overseas service.
Units of 76 AA Bde landed with the assault waves on Gold Beach on D Day and then established AA defences over the beachhead.
146th HAA Regiment was given a follow-up role in the brigade's planning, with its batteries due to arrive on 11–13 June (D + 5 to D +7).
In the event the first elements of 176 Bty reported to Brigade HQ at 14.30 on 12 June (D + 6).
414 and 465 Btys (less one Troop still on the road and the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers' workshop, which arrived on 16 June) had arrived by 11.00 next day and were ready for action before the end of the day.
146th HAA Regiment's task was to protect the British and US installations at Port-en-Bessin, where petrol storage depots were being built, fed by 'Tombola' buoyed pipelines from tankers moored offshore.
The regiment established a sub-AA Operations Room (AAOR), and had 418 and 419 Btys of 125th Light AA Rgt under its command, while its own 414 HAA Bty was under operational command of 112th HAA Rgt.
Further protection for the little port and its vital installations was provided by 139th LAA Rgt on barges, Royal Air Force Barrage balloons, and Pioneer Corps companies operating smoke generators onshore and aboard Royal Navy trawlers.
At Port-en-Bessin, the 3.7-inch guns of 146th HAA and Bofors 40 mm guns of 139th LAA Rgt were in action for 33 consecutive nights against high- and low-level bombing, employing visual, radar and barrage methods.
Once the Allies had achieved a breakout from the Normandy beachhead in mid-August, 76 AA Bde prepared to move up in support, handing over its responsibilities, including Port-en-Bessin, and moving to Dieppe on 3 September.
76 AA Brigade HQ then moved on to Antwerp while 80 AA Bde HQ came up from the Seine to take over at Dieppe on 11 September, including command of 146th HAA Rgt.
However, First Canadian Army's advance along the Belgian coast was proceeding rapidly, and on 14 September 146th HAA Rgt was ordered to move up to Ostend, which had just been liberated.
At Ostend the regiment came under the command of 75 AA Bde, which had been moved up from Normandy to take over both AA and coast defence for the port.
The re-opened harbour became an important supply point for stores and bulk petrol for 21st Army Group, the first tankers berthing on 30 September.
There was no enemy air activity in the area at this stage of the campaign, but enemy torpedo boats attacked shipping in the anchorage.
Then the Germans launched their Ardennes offensive against the First US Army on 16 December, accompanied by major air strikes right across the Allies' front.
These strikes extended as far as Ostend on 26 December when some 60 German aircraft made random attacks in mist and cloud.
The climax came on 1 January 1945 (Operation Bodenplatte) when over 900 fighters and fighter-bombers made surprise attacks on Allied airfields, including those close to Ostend.
Despite the damage inflicted on the airfields, a high proportion of the attackers were shot down by fighters and AA guns.
In January 1945, 5 Royal Marines AA Bde took charge of Ostend while 75 AA Bde moved to defend the Breskens–Zeebrugge channel leading to the Scheldt estuary and the port of Antwerp.
75 AA Brigade borrowed some troops of HAA guns from the regiments at Ostend to thicken up its defences against mine-laying aircraft, which were active up until 23 January.
With the war in Europe rapidly coming to an end after the crossing of the Rhine in March, 21st Army Group began to reorganise its surplus AA troops as infantry, garrison or transport troops.
On 16 April 146th HAA Rgt was moved up to the Scheldt to rejoin 76 AA Bde, taking over gunsites from one of the HAA regiments that was converting.
Next day the regiment received warning orders to be ready to move to 80 AA Bde and itself convert to garrison troops on the River Maas.
As 76 AA Bde's war diary commented, 'It is most exasperating for the Regt to be left high and dry with no orders for its future employment'.
On 27 Apr 1945, 146th HAA Rgt regiment was listed as one of several AA units still awaiting re-employment or disbandment, but the next day it left for its new duties.
Tongan government administration consisted of Town Officers representing the government in a single village, whilst District Officers usually served around six villages.
Spencer Schnell (born December 7, 1994) is an American football wide receiver for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).
Schnell began his collegiate career at Ohio, joining the team as a walk-on and redshirting his true freshman season with the expectation that he would receive a scholarship the following year.
He left the school after the scholarship was instead given to a fifth year player and transferred to Illinois State University.
He spent a year away from football as he established residency in Illinois to pay in-state tuition before joining the Illinois State football team as a walk-on.
In his first season playing, Schnell caught 59 passes for 479 yards and a touchdown and returned 22 punts for 228 yards and was named to the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) All-Newcomer team.
The following season, he was named second team All-MVC after leading the team with 51 receptions for 679 yards and four touchdowns.
As a redshirt senior, Schnell led the MVC with 65 receptions and was second in the conference with 872 receiving yards and nine touchdowns and was named first team All-MVC.
He was re-signed by the Buccaneers to their practice squad on December 16, 2019 and was promoted to the Buccaneers active roster two days later on December 18.
The surface of the Dorval River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The course of the Dorval River flows to the bottom of a bay (stretching to the southeast) on the south shore of the Saguenay River.
From the mouth of the Dorval River, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The river Dorval toponym was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
The $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event will begin on July 1, with the final table taking place from July 12-14.
Morgan made his senior international debut on 5 September 2019, playing all ninety minutes in a 10-0 defeat to Guatemala in the 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League.
He scored his first senior international goal on 15 October 2019 in the 89th minute of a 3-2 defeat to Puerto Rico in the CONCACAF Nations League.
In the late 1950s, Bauçà and friends Joan Julià Maimó, Josep Grimalt and Joan Manresa started a young writers group in Felanitx.
During this time, Bauçà may have taken influence from Blai Bonet, a poet writing in Mallorcan style, using carnal and philosophical language.
Both aspects of his life and work have resulted in Bauçà being regarded more for his eccentricity than his work outside of Catalan-speaking countries.
His body was found by the Mossos d'Esquadra on 3 January 2005; the news was not released until over a month later when he was officially identified.
It had been in the collection of Pere Oliver Domenge, a mayor of Felanitx who had briefly had to live in exile from Franco in the Philippines.
His father Omar Bey drove Dalal out of the house after the death of her husband and took up responsibility of looking after her daughter.
The Bruyère river is a tributary of the Dorval River, flowing in the municipality of Larouche, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Bruyère River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Bruyère river rises at Lake Potvin (length: ; altitude: ) in the shape of a deformed crescent open to the north.
From the mouth of the Bruyère river, the current follows the course of the Dorval river on towards the northwest, then the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The Polish judicial disciplinary panel law is legislation approved by the Sejm (223 to 205) on 20 December 2019, but not yet ratified into law.
The Law and Justice party had previously attempted to oust the current head, Małgorzata Gersdorf, and her term expires in 2020.
The bill was born as a continuation of the legislation following the 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis, further exerting political control on the courts.
The Polish Supreme Court, prior to the bill passing, said that Poland overruling the primacy of EU law may force it out of the bloc.
The Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights and the Committee for the Defence of Democracy organized protests throughout Poland against the bill.
Due to their final standings for the 2019 season, the Union will enter the competition in the Fourth Round, to be played May 19-20.
Anderson started her career as the director of the Books Not Bars campaign at the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights.
Following this, she served as the Director of Public Safety for the Oakland Mayor, the director of the San Francisco Mayor's Office of Criminal Justice, and as the Chief of Policy and Chief of the Alternative Programs Division at the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office.
In 2012, Anderson founded Californians for Safety and Justice, an organization focusing on reforming criminal justice in California and centering the conversation around crime survivors.
In 2016, Anderson expanded upon her work in California by launching the national organization Alliance for Safety and Justice, focusing largely on the states with the highest incarceration rates and helping enact new policies in Florida, Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio.
Anderson’s work with crime survivors eventually led to the launch of Crime Survivors for Safety and Justice, a network of survivors calling for new safety priorities that focus on prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Anderson was the Campaign Chair and co-author of 2014 California Proposition 47, a ballot initiative to reduce incarceration and reallocate prison spending to treatment, prevention, and victim services.
Anderson served on the Steering Committee for 2016 California Proposition 57, a ballot initiative that incentivizes inmate rehabilitation through earned time credit and risk-based parole reviews.
He was the son of James Wood who was a road surveyor for Warrington but had started his career as a stonemason.
His birth name was John Wood, and he added Warrington in circa 1865 to avoid confusion with a fellow artist of the same name.
From 1858 Wood attended the new Warrington School of Art (Warrington Collegiate Institute) in the evenings and he quickly achieved local recognition and patronage.
La Petite Décharge is the name of one of the two emissaries of lac Saint-Jean, the other being the La Grande Décharge.
This river flows south of Alma Island, on the northwest shore of St. Lawrence River, in the town of Alma, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the Province of Quebec, in Canada.
Paradis, as well as by the streets built on Alma Island; on the south side by Chemin du Golf, Scott Street West, Boulevard des Cascades, Rue Sacré-Coeur East and Boulevard Auger East.
The surface of La Petite Décharge is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
La Petite Décharge spills out at the eastern tip of Alma Island, coinciding with the confluence of La Grande Décharge (coming from the North-West).
This toponym is pointed out by the surveyor Edmond Duberger in a report of April 29, 1861 in Quebec, probably dates from the 18th century.
Paul G. Schervish (born April 6, 1946) is an American sociologist and former Jesuit priest who specializes in the academic study of philanthropy.
He is a professor emeritus of sociology at Boston College, where he formerly served as director of the Center on Wealth and Philanthropy prior to its closure in 2015.
Recording began in the winter of 2014 at the April Base in Eau Claire, Wisconsin and was completed in 2019 at the Sonic Ranch in Tornillo, Texas.
Bon Iver frontman Justin Vernon and his close friend Trever Hagen were experimenting with turning a radio on-and-off while sliding cardboard over it, resembling a hip hop chop.
That same year, Vernon met with British musician James Blake while he was in London, where Blake played synthesizers for the track.
In New Zealand, the song failed to enter the NZ Top 40 Songs chart published by Recorded Music NZ, but peaked at 36 on the NZ Hot Singles chart.
Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LOCAH), also known as nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH or NCAH), is a specific type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that is typically due to P450c21 (21-hydroxylase) deficiency resulting in excess androgen production.
LOCAH affected individuals account for 88% of the often cited 1.7% prevalence of intersex conditions though, from the clinical perspective, LOCAH is not an intersex condition.
His books are positively influenced by the school of Benedetto Croce and Heinrich Wölfflin, clarifying their concepts on the basis of observation and following logic as a science of pure concept.
Born in Florence to Maria Augusta Malvisi and her physics-teacher husband Carlo Marangoni, he took his secondary school diploma in 1896 but did not continue with his studies straight away, instead moving to London to indulge his passion for music.
He then moved to Paris and back to London as well as travelling in Germany, becoming interested in the figurative arts.
On his second return to Italy in 1909 he took an art history course in Bologna and in 1910 married Drusilla Tanzi, with whom he had a son, Andrea.
In the same year as his marriage he became a volunteer at the Superintendency of Arts in Florence, later becoming its inspector (1913) and director.
Annunziata on Poggio Imperiale from 1916 to 1925 and was briefly director of the Pinacoteca di Brera (1920) and the Galleria nazionale di Parma (1924).
In 1925 the University of Palermo commissioned an art history course from him and the following year became a visiting lecturer at the University of Pisa.
From 1938 he taught art history at the University of Milan, returning to Pisa from 1946 until his retirement in 1951.
Selima Oasis is an oasis in the Sudan located west of the Third Cataract of the Nile and the ancient site of Amara West.
Just to the north of Selima, the track splits into a northern route going to Kharga Oasis and a northwestern route going to Dunqul Oasis.
Traveller's descriptions of the oasis date back to the 16th century and all describe the place as having easy access to water.
In the early 19th century, Frédéric Cailliaud found three wells in use at Selima and three wells are still in use today.
Atop a mound about southeast of the oasis vegetation lies the Beit es-Selima, the ruins of an ancient multi-roomed stone structure.
It has been described as a tavern on the Darb al-Arbaʿīn managed by a warrior-princess named Selima and as a Christian convent.
In 1928, the archaeologist Thomas Leach reported that salt was mined at Selima by groups who came by donkey and camel from Sukkot, Argo Island and the Mahas.
According to oral tradition recorded in the vicinity of the Dal Cataract in 2014, the last salt caravan took place in 1980.
The book was revised and expanded in 1960 and republished by The University of Chicago Press and again in 1993 by Otto Penzler Books.
The Atlantic Superstore Monctonian Challenge (known previously as the Lady Monctonian Invitational Spiel as it was an only women's event) is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, held at Curl Moncton in Moncton, New Brunswick.
It has been a part of the Women's World Curling Tour since 2014 and part of the Men's tour since 2019.
The Bédard River is a tributary of the Saguenay River (via la Petite Décharge), flowing in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Bédard River valley is served by Scott Street West, route 169 (avenue du Pont Sud), by route 170, boulevard Maurice-Paradis, chemin du 6e rang, chemin du 5e rang, chemin du 4e rang nord, chemin du rang Saint-Pierre, chemin du Petit rang Saint-Pierre.
The surface of the Bédard River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of the Bédard River, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River for east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
According to an eyewitness to the accident, this Bédard, having fallen into the water, had set foot on a rock in a fast and managed to stick to it for some time ”.
Eugenio Tanzi (26 January 1856 - 18 January 1934) was one of the most influential Italian psychiatrists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
His Italian nationalism prevented him working in medicine in Trieste and so he instead began his psychiatric training in Reggio Emilia under the guidance of the Bolognese neurologist and psychiatrist Augusto Tamburini, whose school united organisational and scientific skills.
In 1893 he became professor of psychiatry at the University of Cagliari and two years later professor of psychiatry at the University of Florence, where he remained for the rest of his career and where he conducted a series of experiments on neurology and neuropsychology.
Whilst in Florence he also became one of the first in Europe to support Santiago Ramón y Cajal's neuron theory, destined to play a fundamental role in the development of neuroscience., and became superintendent of the San Salvi asylum.
A shell collapsar is a hypothetical compact astrophysical object, which might constitute an alternative explanation for observations of astronomical black hole candidates.
It is a collapsed star that resembles a black hole, but is formed without a point-like central singularity and without an event horizon.
The model of the shell collapsar was first proposed by Trevor W. Marshall and allows the formation of neutron stars beyond the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit of 0.7 M☉.
According to Newton's shell theorem, the acceleration of gravity in the center of each celestial body is zero and rises to its surface (cf.
With neutron stars beyond the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, the time dilation due to gravity is extreme on its surface, so that the neutron star freezes on its outer shell.
Another possible explanation is that when Newton's 1 / r² law is left, the Newtonian shell theorem no longer applies at the location of the strongest curvature, outward gravitational forces arise and pull the inner matter into the shell.
This is a list of villages and settlements in Adamawa State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
Glory 75: Utrecht will be a kickboxing event held by Glory on February 29, 2020, at the Central Studios in Utrecht, Netherlands.
This event featured a trilogy fight between the champion Petchpanomrung Kiatmookao and top contender Serhiy Adamchuk for the Glory Featherweight Championship as the Glory 75: Utrecht headliner.
There is a heterovalent diadochy substitution of lanthanum by strontium and calcium; also sodium is substituted by calcium in the mineral.
The Ojo Caliente Hot Springs Round Barn, built in 1924, is located nearby, and is listed on the national register of historic places.
The 1982–83 season was Atlético Madrid's 42nd season since foundation in 1903 and the club's 38th season in La Liga, the top league of Spanish football.
It was premiered at the Oldenburg International Film Festival and Miami Film Festival, which starred Denise Richards, and Thomas Q. Jones.
The New York Film Critics Online Award for Best Director is an award given annually by the New York Film Critics Online.
This is a list of villages and settlements in Abia State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
The Petite rivière Bédard is a tributary of the Bédard River, flowing in the municipalities of Larouche (MRC of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality) and Hébertville-Station (MRC of Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Petite Rivière Bédard valley is served by chemin du rang Saint-Pierre, chemin du Petit rang Saint-Pierre and chemin du rang Saint-Charles, for forestry and agriculture.
The surface of the Petite rivière Bédard is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of Petite Rivière Bédard, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River for east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
This is a list of villages and settlements in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Bauchi State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Anambra State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Bayelsa State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
The first seeds Evelyn Dearman and Nancy Lyle defeated Louie Bickerton and Nell Hopman 6–3, 6–4 in the wholly replayed final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1935 Australian Championships.
This is a list of villages and settlements in Benue State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Borno State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Cross River State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Delta State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Ebonyi State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Edo State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Adamawa State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Enugu State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
The Moskalyev SAM-9 (Arrow) was a one-off, Soviet, 1930s experimental tailless aircraft designed to test the characteristics of a highly swept, near-delta wing.
As early as 1933, Alksandr Moskalyev was designing a rocket-powered, tailless aircraft with an ogival or gothic delta wing with wingtip fins and rudders, able to fly faster than sound.
Because no sufficiently powerful engines were available at the time, the Moskalyev SAM-4 Sigma never left the drawing board but it did lead to two interim types, the SAM-7 Sigma and SAM-9 Strela.
The tailless Strela was built to test the behaviour of the SAM-4's radically new wing plan which, had the leading edges been straight, would have been a highly swept delta.
Set at shoulder height, the wing reached from the nose ahead of the engine back to mid-fin; including its broad-chord, tab-assisted elevons it reached the extreme tail.
The Strela had a tall, fixed, conventional undercarriage, with cantilever faired legs based on those of the Moskalyev SAM-5 and a sprung tailskid.
This is a list of villages and settlements in Gombe State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Imo State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Jigawa State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Kaduna State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Kano State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Katsina State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Kebbi State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Kogi State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Kwara State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Nasarawa State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Niger State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Ogun State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Ondo State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Osun State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Oyo State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Plateau State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Rivers State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Sokoto State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Taraba State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
This is a list of villages and settlements in Yobe State, Nigeria organised by local government area (LGA) and district/area (with postal codes also given).
An investigation by BBC and Dagbladet Information in June 2017 revealed that BAE Systems has sold a surveillance system called Evident, produced by ETI Telecom, to the governments of Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman, Morocco and Algeria.
As the buyer countries have a poor record of securing human rights, the sale was criticized by groups such as Amnesty International and Privacy International.
Monazite-(La) is a relatively rare representative of the monazite group, with lanthanum being the dominant rare earth element in its structure.
She later attended University of St. Thomas where she received a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology, a masters degree in Education, and a masters degree in Theology.
Additionally, their pet dog, Pancake, in known as the First Dog of Texas, and the First Puppy of Texas, named Peaches.
Abbott has been a principal at various Catholic schools in Texas, most recently she served as principle of Cathedral School of Saint Mary in Austin between the years of 1996 and 2001.
Monazite-(Nd) is a relatively rare representative of the monazite group, with neodymium being the dominant rare earth element in its structure.
Monazite-(Sm) is an exceedingly rare representative of the monazite group, with samarium being the dominant rare earth element in its structure.
The Raquette River is a tributary of the Bédard River, flowing in the municipalities of Larouche (MRC du Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality) and Saint-Bruno (MRC de Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Raquette river valley is served by route 169, route 170, chemin du 6e rang Nord, chemin du 7e rang Sud, chemin du 8e rang Sud and chemin du 9e rang Sud, especially for forestry and agriculture.
The surface of the Raquette River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of the Raquette river, the current follows the course of the Bédard river on towards the northwest, then the course of the Saguenay river on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Donald Clement McMurchie was an American politician who served as the 21st Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1937 to 1941, firstly under Leslie Jensen and secondly under Harlan J. Bushfield, for the Republican Party.
Betula maximowicziana, the monarch birch, is a species of birch tree native to the Kuril Islands and northern to central Japan.
It is also grown as an ornamental for its bark in Japan, Europe and a few places in North America, but has had limited acceptance due to lack of uniformity.
Zoe, a 10 years-old girl, is obsessed with horror movies and is trying to shoot her own film to enter a contest.
When her father forbids her from doing horror movies and forces her to shoot her sister's wedding ceremony, Zoe decides to turn the ceremony itself into a horror movie in order to win the contest.
Oliver Wayne Stewart (May 22, 1867 – February 15, 1937) was an American politician who served as the chairman of the Prohibition Party and in the Illinois state House of Representatives.
Oliver Wayne Stewart was born in Mercer County, Illinois on May 22, 1867 and attended Woodhull High School and graduated from Eureka College in 1890.
In 1900 he was elected as chairman of the Prohibition Party and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1902.
Miles for the party's presidential nomination, but Miles refused to let his name be placed on the ballot and the nomination went to Silas C. Swallow instead.
In 1905 he was removed from his position as chairman after he was accused by former presidential nominee John G. Woolley and other prohibitionists accused him of misappropriating over $50,000 and was replaced by Charles R. Jones.
Following his removal as chairman he became a public speaker and joined the Flying Squadron of America until his death on February 15, 1937 at Brokaw Hospital in Bloomington, Illinois after a short illness.
Friedell was in command of the U. S. Naval Submarine Forces in European Waters during World War I, and the first commander of COMSUBPAC.
On the right King Casper holds his covered beaker of frankincense and on the left King Balthazar holds his gift, an orb of myrrh.
The men are presumably the combined entourages of the Three Kings, who are in conversation with each other and seem oblivious of the scene in the center.
The outer wings are painted in grisaille with Saint Christopher on the left and Saint Anthony Abbot on the right, with two more coats of arms.
In its opened state, the three paintings do not appear to fit with each other and may have been painted at different times.
Due to a lack of secure documentation, attribution was only established in the 20th century to Oostsanen based on underdrawings and comparison to his other works.
The portrayed donors have been variously named due to a combination of genealogical research and identification of the coats of arms.
This painting was purchased in 1978 with support from the Prins Bernard Fonds and Vereniging Rembrandt from Mr and Mrs J. William Middendorf II for 1,145,833 guilders.
It was purchased by King Willem II sometime before 1823 as by Jan Gossaert and was sold subsequently as by Hans Memling and catalogued in 1841 as Lucas van Leyden and in 1926 as by a Jan van Hout, documented in the workshop of the Master of Alkmaar, before being attributed to Jacob van Oostsanen by Max Jakob Friedländer in 1935.
Paragraph authored by Waqar Ahmed Seth directed Pakistan's law enforcement agencies to arrest and execute Musharraf and if they are unable to do that and Musharraf dies due to some other cause then they should drag his body to D-Chowk in Islamabad and hang it for three days in front of Parliament building.
Due to the fact that no other judge agreed with this paragraph, it is considered an opinionated note of Seth and thus not enforceable.
It was founded in 1967 by Dorothee and Konrad Fischer in Düsseldorf, in a disused alley in the center of the city.
The gallery has exhibited contemporary artists including Bernd and Hilla Becher, Hanne Darboven, Wolfgang Laib, Jim Lambie, Sol LeWitt, Bruce Nauman, Manfred Pernice, Thomas Schütte, Gregor Schneider, Robert Smithson, and Paloma Varga Weisz.
He was born on December 22, 1885 in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. and died on August 20, 1944 in San Fernando, California.
Matúš Rais (born November 21, 1990 in Nitra) is a Slovak professional ice hockey player who currently plays professionally in Slovakia for HK Nitra of the Slovak Tipsport Liga.
Dehaene and Wendy Jans won the Ladies European Team Snooker Championship in 2017, beating Anastasia Nechaeva and Daria Sirotina 4–3 in the final.
At the 2018 EBSA European Snooker Championship, Dehaene reached the women's final, with wins of 3–0 against Ewilina Pislewska, 4–1 against Tatjana Vasiljeva and 4–2 against Yana Shut.
In July 1968 the ship was sold to Pounds Shipowners and Shipbreakers Ltd in Portsmouth, but was subsequently sold again to Gardline Shipping in Great Yarmouth, a company founded in 1969 to provide offshore services to the oil and gas industry in the North Sea.
In July 1985 the ship played a key role in the recovery of the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and the flight data recorder (FDR) of Air India Flight 182 that disintegrated in mid air after a bomb explosion on 23 June 1985 with 329 people on board off the southwest coast of Ireland.
The single debuted at number 91 in Germany for the week of April 15, 1991, re-entered at number 25 two weeks later and stayed there for one more week before dropping to number 26.
The Spitfire Kings is a Royal Canadian Air Force musical group which is a small ensemble of the Royal Canadian Air Force Band.
The ensemble was formed in 2014 as part of the CF Music Branch's effort to introduce more contemporary music in Canadian military bands.
It was founded by Sergeant Mike Hall who originally joined the Canadian Forces in 2009 and was inspired to create a new musical group in the RCAF Band after performing in Afghanistan with a civilian band.
Since then, the group has performed shows at the Grey Cup, the intermission of the 2016 Heritage Classic, and the Canada Games.
The 2019-20 Ohio State Buckeyes men's ice hockey season was the 57th season of play for the program and the 7th season in the Big Ten Conference.
He later served as the head football coach at his alma mater, Denison University in Granville, Ohio, from 1949 to 1953.
Franklin Delton Turner (July 19, 1933 - December 31, 2013) was an American prelate who served as the Suffragan Bishop of Pennsylvania from 1988 and 2000.
He was ordained to the diaconate in June 1965 by the Leland Stark, the Bishop of Newark, and to the priesthood later on that same year.
He then became vicar of the Church of the Epiphany in Dallas, Texas and in 1966 became rector of St George's Church in Washington, D.C., a post he retained till 1972.
He was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Kanuga Conference Center and a member of the Board of Trustees of Berkeley/Yale Divinity School.
He was also a strong advocate for recruitment of Black leaders for Ministry and foundered the organization of Black Episcopal Seminarians.
Turner was consecrated Suffragan Bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania on October 7, 1988, in the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Peter and St Paul by Presiding Bishop Edmond L. Browning.
In 2016, she was named one of KQED's Women to Watch and SFist listed her as one of the Bay Area’s 11 Best Stand Up Comics.
She is an only child, though her grandparents would live with the family when they weren't in their home country of China.
She finally realized she was gay while attending summer camp at the University of Chicago; a girl she had a crush on told her she was funny, and the realization was near-instantaneous.
Tu attended Northwestern University for two years; she considered majoring in environmental science but ultimately found its subject matter too depressing.
In 2018, she performed at the Asian Pacific Islander Cultural Center of San Francisco's 21st Annual United States of Asian America Festival.
Relocating to Los Angeles later in 2018, Tu began performing at a variety of events such as Kids in the Yard, Very Forward!, Woman Crush Wednesdays and Gays 'R' Us at the Hollywood Improv, and Asian AF Los Angeles's Autumn Moon Rap Battle.
She also began performing at venues ranging from Fais Do-Do and Dynasty Typewriter to the Ace Hotel and Geeky Teas & Games.
Also in 2019, Tu opened for Patton Oswalt on the southwest leg of his comedy tour, hosted the Balboa Theatre's Oscars party, and hosted Comedy x Pop Up Food on a weekly basis.
She also continued touring, performing at venues such as Cobb's Comedy Club, Montgomery College's Cultural Arts Center at Silver Spring, and the Brooklyn Museum, among others.
His team won the 1976 Sweden men's championship, but it was decided that the team members were too young for the World Championship, so team Bengt Cederwall (skip) went to the instead.
The single debuted at number 75 in Germany for the week of September 23, 1991, rising to number 14 two weeks later and then peaking at number 12 for two weeks.
During the 1970s, Kelaidis competed on the professional tennis circuit and was a regular member of the Greece Davis Cup team, featuring in a total of 10 ties.
For most of the 1980s he was a coach for the Swiss Tennis Federation, then spent a decade coaching for the French Federation, with his roles at both focusing on women's tennis.
Ulul Azmi (born on July 8, 2000) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Borneo in the Liga 1.
The National Premier Leagues Victoria 3, also known as NPL Victoria 3, is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Victoria.
The league sits at level three on the Victorian league system, behind the NPL Victoria and NPL Victoria 2, (levels two and three of the overall Australian league system).
NPL Victoria 3 was created from the bottom halves of the East and West divisions of NPL Victoria 2 when the league was reorganised at the end of the 2019 season.
Each team plays home and away against teams against all other teams in the league for a total of 22 fixtures per team each season.
The winner of each conference gains automatic promotion to the NPL Victoria 2 while 2nd in both conferences will play off in a final; the winner to play the third last team in the NPL Victoria for entry into the top flight.
Due to the accession of Western United into the A-League, NPL Victoria competition rules contain a provision allowing the new professional side to place a development team directly into NPL Victoria 3.
Should this occur, the league would compete for one season with 13 teams, with promotion rules for State League 1 being temporarily modified at the end of the affected season to correct the structure back to the traditional twelve clubs per league.
In 2018, pressures from member clubs and a desire to re-evaluate league structure and organisation lead Football Victoria to commission a report into how the NPL Victoria leagues could be re-worked.
Among a series of recommendations on improvements to the youth structure, the report recommended that NPL Victoria 2 - then a two-conference division with ten teams each in an east-west split, contesting 28 fixtures each per season - should be reformed with NPL Victoria 2 turned into a single division of 12 teams and a new 12-team division - NPL Victoria 3 - created.
The proposed changes were agreed, and to enact the split the top six teams of each NPL Victoria 2 conference in the 2019 season were be given places in the 2020 Victoria 2 competition, with the bottom four of the two conferences all relegated to Victoria 3.
Among the sides moved to NPL Victoria 3 were the NPL development sides of A-League duo Melbourne City and Melbourne Victory.
He held the position of Chief Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific and Chief Justice of Fiji between 1936 and 1945, and served as a judge in Mandatory Palestine, the British-occupied zone of post-war Germany and Kenya.
Corrie served in the North Somerset Yeomanry of the British Army during World War I, during which he was in France, Belgium and Palestine.
The following year he was appointed to serve as a Supreme Court judge in the British Zone of Germany, a role he held until 1951.
The Belle Rivière is a tributary of Lac Saint-Jean, flowing the unorganized territory of Belle-Rivière and in the municipalities of Hébertville and Saint-Gédéon, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, Canada.
The Belle Rivière valley is served by route 169, chemin du 3e rang, chemin du 2e rang, chemin du rang Caron, route des Savard, chemin du rang de la Belle-Rivière (north side of the river) and chemin du rang Sainte-Anne (south side).
The surface of the Belle Rivière is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of La Belle Rivière on the east shore of lac Saint-Jean, the current goes north on crossing this last lake, follows the course of the Saguenay River via La Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
It is centred on the Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque, which stands off Topkapı Caddesi, and is bounded by Vatan Caddesi to the north, and Turgut Ozal Millet Caddesi to the south.
Topkapı was the site of Istanbul's main bus station, which lay outside the city wall, until 1994 when it was moved to Bayrampaşa.
It is served by the Topkapı—Ulubatlı metro station, on M1, inside the wall, and by the Topkapı station outside the wall, which is an interchange between T1 and T4 tram lines, and Metrobus.
The Lone Rider Crosses the Rio is a 1941 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by William Lively.
While there, Tom and Fuzzy agree to help the son of a Mexican mayor fake his own kidnapping so he can continue an affair the young man is having with a cabaret singer despite his father's objections.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1988 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
This list article does not include the Brisbane tramway network, the Brisbane Tramway Museum, the , or the Rockhampton steam tram network.
The Mapleton Tramway, a former sugar cane tramway, is included in this list because it has its own article, and is heritage listed.
With the exception of the Oaklands and Pioneer mill tramways, with a gauge of , and the Morayfield line (), these tramways have a gauge of .
None of these tramways have their own article, but some of the mills have articles in which the associated tramway network is mentioned.
The JAXA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members for U.S. and Russian space missions.
The first Japanese astronauts were chosen by NASDA, the predecessor to JAXA, in 1985 to train as International Mission Specialists in the Space Shuttle program.
The first Japanese citizen to fly in space was Toyohiro Akiyama, a journalist sponsored by TBS, who flew on the Soviet Soyuz TM-11 in December 1990.
He spent more than seven days in space on the Mir space station, in what the Soviets called their first commercial spaceflight which allowed them to earn $14 million.
On 1 October 2003, three organizations were merged to form the new JAXA: Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL), and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA).
JAXA was formed as an Independent Administrative Institution administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).
In addition to being Japanese citizens or residents, candidates must meet certain physical standards (including height, weight, hearing and visual acuity), educational requirements, and be fluent in English.
He is responsible, with engraver Abraham Goos, for the first printed map of the Holy Land in Hebrew, printed in 1620/21.
It contained a number of illustrations of Jesus's life at the appropriate places in Canaan, which Zaddiq removed—details such as a miniature illustrating the Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac and one for the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor.
On the other hand, he added details appropriate to a Jewish audience, including a number of ships that fly historically important flags: a ship near the Nile delta flies a Muslim flag, signifying the Muslim rule over Egypt, and another off the coast of north Sinai flies the Star of David.
Zaddiq is known also for being reported to the Amsterdam authorities as a wife-beater: testimony given in court by a number of witnesses showed he had beaten his wife (apparently he had a history of being violent toward her) with a stick and thrown her down the stairs.
Ramona Ygnacia Martínez (born 21 July 1996) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Deportivo Capiatá and the Paraguay women's national team.
Rob Roy McGregor (7 Feb 1907 – 5 Sep 2000), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Nur Diansyah (born on December 18, 1998) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Arema in the Liga 1.
At 15, she trained as an ice dancer at the University of Delaware's Ice Skating Science Development Center in Newark, Delaware and was a competitive ice dancer for 14 years before pursuing a career in acting.
She graduated from the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University with a BFA in Acting and also holds a certificate from the London Academy of Theatre.
Outside of her acting career, Rous is certified by the Alzheimer's Association Speaker's Bureau and serves as a volunteer helping to educate and assist patients and their families who are affected by the disease.
Men's ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920 (it was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and was permanently added to the Winter Olympic Games in 1924).
France's best finish is fifth overall, which they achieved at both the 1924 and 1928 Winter Olympics, while their lowest finish was fourteenth, in 1968 and 2002.
Philippe Bozon has scored the most goals, with 14, assists, 9, and has the most points, 23.Denis Perez has competed in the most Olympics, appearing in five tournaments, and has played the most games of any skater, with 29.
Three players, Philippe Bozon, Jacques Lacarrière, and Philippe Lacarrière have been inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame, though Philippe Lacarrière was inducted as a builder.
Created in 1695, it is notable for its illustrations, made by Amsterdam printer Abraham B. Jacob, which include one of the earliest printed maps of the Holy Land.
John is a member of the academic staff and lecturer in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS), his research focuses on the philosophy of science, political philosophy and the philosophy of public health.
Since 2012 he has been a Fellow of Pembroke College, and the University Hatton Professor in the Philosophy of Public Health..
Defending champion Fisher took a lead of 3–0 in the final at the Crucible Theatre, with breaks of 32, 45 and 90.
Quick won the fourth on the before Fisher won the fifth to take the match 4–1 and win the world championship for the fifth time in six years.
The 2019-20 Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey season was the 71st season of play for the program and the 20th season in the Big Ten Conference.
María Soledad Garay Cabrera (born 27 November 1996), known as Soledad Garay, is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Deportivo Capiatá and the Paraguay women's national team.
Frank Stuart Jones (1933-2019) was a British economic historian who spent most of his career at the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa and was an authority on the economy of that country.
Philip Harold Ross (19 Dec 1905 – 8 Jan 1981), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Kusuman Hospital is located in Na Pho Subdistrict, Kusuman District, Sakon Nakhon Province, about 4 kilometers from the Kusuman government center and about 37 kilometers from Sakon Nakhon Province.
Neoromicial grandidieri, known by the common names of Dobson's pipistrelle and yellow pipistrelle, is a species of vesper bat found in Africa.
The single debuted at number 97 in Germany for the week of March 9, 1992, peaking at number 25 two weeks later.
The rivière des Aulnaies is a tributary of La Belle Rivière, flowing the municipality of Hébertville, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada]].
The valley of the Aulnaies river is served by the route 169 (connecting Quebec (city) to Alma), by the chemin du 2e rang Est, rue La Barre and chemin du Rang Saint-Isidore, especially for forestry, agriculture and residents of the sector.
The surface of the Rivière des Aulnaies is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
From the mouth of the Aulnaies river, the current descends the course of the Belle Rivière to the northwest on , then crosses the eastern part of Lac Saint-Jean to the north on , take the course of the Saguenay River via the la Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Aljufri Daud (born on May 1, 2000) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a full-back for Borneo in the Liga 1.
He made his professional debut in the Liga 1 on 18 September 2019, against Madura United where he played as a substitute.
He was elected as a member of the Royal Society of British Artists in 2007 and is also a member of the Royal Watercolour Society.
As well as cats his works have focussed on portraits of women and areas of Cornwall which have featured as a backdrop to much of his output.
The single debuted at number 96 in Germany for the week of March 28, 1994, two weeks later re-entering at number 47, which would remain its highest position.
The 1931 Caltech Engineers football team was an American football team that represented the California Institute of Technology in the Southern California Conference (SCC) during the 1931 college football season.
In their 11th season under head coach Fox Stanton, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record, won the SCC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 122 to 53.
The Mfuwe man eating lion was one of the largest man-eating lions on record, perhaps the largest, at over in length and in mass.
The Puma is offered with a mild hybrid 1.0-liter EcoBoost 3-cylinder turbo gasoline engine with a belt-driven integrated starter, which uses energy from the braking system to charge the 48-volt lithium-ion battery pack in order to increase torque and lower emissions.
Production of the Puma started in Craiova, Romania (Ford Romania) in October 2019 along with the EcoSport subcompact crossover and the EcoBoost 1.0 L Fox engine used in both cars.
Ford first announced the revived Puma nameplate, which was last used on the Puma sport compact, at its Go Further event in Amsterdam, along with the introduction of the third generation Kuga.
The single reached number 2 in Hungary, number 12 in Denmark, number 16 in Germany, number 18 in Austria and number 20 in Italy.
The Rivière du Milieu is a tributary of Lac de la Belle Rivière, flowing the unorganized territory of Belle-Rivière, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The middle river valley is located between route 155 (connecting La Tuque to Chambord) and route 169 (connecting Quebec (city) to Alma).
The surface of the Middle River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Rivière du Milieu takes its source from non-Morelle lake (length: ; altitude: ) in the forest zone in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
Lepetit leads a research group in computer vision for augmented reality at the Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision, TU Graz.
He was formerly professor at the Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision at the same institution from February 2014 to December 2016.
Yaribeth Andreína Ulacio Villanueva (born 10 January 1993) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for Austrian ÖFB-Frauenliga club FFC Vorderland and the Venezuela women's national team.
Laura Alonso (born 23 December 1972) is an Argentine politician who served as head of the Argentine Anti-Corruption Office from 2015 to 2019 during Mauricio Macri's government.
She also holds a master's degree in public administration and public policy from the London School of Economics and Political Science.
During her tenure at Poder Ciudadano, she helped promote open government policies and the monitoring of judicial corruption and government influence over the media.
Alonso was elected in the 2009 elections as National Deputy for the City of Buenos Aires under the Republican Proposal ticket, alongside Gabriela Michetti among others.
She also drafted legislation on judicial and criminal reforms, electoral issues and gender parity, including a bill to ensure salary parity for Argentine workers.
In 2008, she was awarded the Vital Voices Global Leadership Award for her work in combating corruption and promoting good governance.
By then a known name in Argentine media for her crusade against corruption and confrontations with Kirchnerite officials, Alonso became notorious in 2015 for her friendship with Alberto Nisman, a federal prosecutor who was found dead days before publishing a 288-page report with incriminating evidence on then-president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's involvement in the 1994 AMIA bombing cover-up.
Alonso later testified in Nisman's murder trial where she showed her message exchanges with the late prosecutor, where he expressed being in fear for his life.
The appointment was criticized by the opposition for not meeting the requirement of being a lawyer as required for the office.
During her time at the AO, the agency published more than 90 thousand affidavits regarding assets from officials of the Executive Branch and legislators in the National Public Data Portal within the Ministry of Modernization.
The Anti-Corruption Office intervened as a complainant in more than 35 cases for corruption offenses within the scope of the Federal Government, including the 2012 Buenos Aires rail disaster, the Hotesur, Ciccone and Qunita scandals; the trials against Lázaro Báez, Carlos Liuzzi, José López, Amado Boudou and César Milani, as well as a case of bribes and kickbacks in the Ministry of Health.
During 2016, Alonso's first year in charge of the Office, more than 22,000 public officials did not submit their sworn statement forms.
She was also accused of non-compliance with her duties and functions as head of the AO for alleged infractions committed by former Energy Minister Juan José Aranguren, accused of conflict of interest for signing deals that benefited the Royal Dutch Shell oil company, of which he was a shareholder as well as CEO of its Argentine division.
In September 2016, the AO decided to recommend that Aranguren must detach himself from his Shell shares as well as let him know that in matters related to the company he must refrain from intervening and designate an official in his replacement.
After graduating Cron joined Ada Leonard’s All-American Girl Orchestra and then, at 19 (1943) was invited into the all female International Sweethearts of Rhythm in New Britain, Connecticut.
Many of the International Sweethearts were African American or of mixed backgrounds, and in touring the segregated southern states, Cron was often charged with illegal mixing.
She darkened her looks and permed her hair to increase the air of the exotic and to fit in with the other women.
The band bus often kept its shades down when travelling through the deep south and the women slept in berths on the bus, to avoid mixed accommodation laws.
Cron was made head of the sax section and she noted that the experience deeply helped her improve her musical phrasing and allowed her to make contacts.
With the band she met a wide cross-section of musicians in the US and Europe, from assorted backgrounds, which gave her a compassion, respect and empathy that she says underpinned the rest of her life.
In July 1945 Cron and the band recorded Jubilee Broadcasts for GIs with radio NBC, shows that were relayed through Armed Forces Radio.
In 1945 Cron attended a service in Stuttgart for Jewish soldiers and survivors of the liberated concentration camps, a deeply moving event that was a milestone in her life.
Cron left the Sweethearts in 1946 and lived in Spanish Harlem with bassist Helen Saine, her best friend from the group.
With all the soldiers returning home after the war, Cron found it hard to get musical work; the men went back to their old jobs.
She later worked in insurance, in a bank, and volunteered as a patient escort at abortion clinics, continuing to play in many groups.She taught clarinet and flute extensively and for a period worked at the American Institute of Foreign Trade.
Cron joined studio bands in Los Angeles and in 1979 formed an all female, west coast, 17-piece big band with drummer Bonnie Janofsky.
However working full time in corporate jobs, whilst running projects, proved to create too much pressure to continue with group leadership.
The Rivière Couchepaganiche is a tributary of Lac Saint-Jean, flowing in the municipality of Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The lower part of the Couchepaganiche river valley is served by the route 169 which runs along the southeast shore of lac Saint-Jean.
The surface of the Couchepaganiche River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Couchepaganiche river rises from the water body in the south of Les Trois Lacs (length: ; altitude: ) in the forest zone, located south- is from the Three Round Peaks Mountain.
From the mouth of the Couchepaganiche river, located on the southeast shore of Lake Saint-Jean, the current crosses this lake north on , then follows the course of the river Saguenay via the Petite Décharge on to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Bad Wolf is a British television production company founded by Julie Gardner and Jane Tranter in 2015, headquartered in Cardiff, Wales.
During their time at the BBC they worked with Russell T Davies on the 2005 relaunch of Doctor Who which was made in Wales.
The company name is a homage to the Bad Wolf storyline in the first series of the revived Doctor Who series.
Mariateresa Di Lascia (3 January 1954 – 10 September 1994) was an Italian politician and writer, activist, human rights' supporter and advocate of non-violence.
Di Lascia was in favour of Hahnemannian homeopathic medicine and in 1991 she founded the Homeopathic Patients Association (APO) as well as advocating for its legislation.
The association is based in Naples.Di Lascia was the editor and a contributor for the newspaper Radical News in 1985 and 1986.
The Martyr of Bougival (French: Le martyr de Bougival) is a 1949 French comedy crime film directed by Jean Loubignac and starring Jeanne Fusier-Gir, Bach and Line Dariel.
A prompter at the Folies Bergère comes under suspicion of murder when a female dancer's body is found in his trunk.
State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation (Dutch: De Staat Der Nederlanden v. Stichting Urgenda) was a court case heard by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands in 2019 related to government efforts to curtail carbon dioxide emissions.
The case was brought against the Dutch government in 2013, arguing the government, by not meeting a minimum carbon dioxide emission-reduction goal established by scientists to avert harmful climate change, was endangering the human rights of Dutch citizens as set by national and European Union laws.
The initial ruling in 2015, requiring the government to meet an emissions goal of 25% reduction from 1990 levels by 2020, was upheld through the Supreme Court on appeals, affirming that reduction in emissions was necessary for the Dutch government to protect human rights.
It is the first such tort case taken against a government challenging climate change aspects based on a human rights foundation, and the first such successful climate justice case.
The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its fourth and fifth assessment reports on climate change in 2007 and 2014, respectively.
The European Union (EU) established a goal for all member states to achieve a 40% reduction from 1990 levels by 2030, ahead of the 2016 Paris Agreement which established a similar goal worldwide.
Each member state, including the Netherlands, was bound to establish its own national-level policies ahead of the Paris agreement to reach this goal.
The Netherlands had generally been seen as a leading country in trying to limit climate change as much of the country sits at or below sea level and would be significantly impacted by rising ocean levels.
During the 2010s, activists asserted that the government started to favor more traditional fossil fuel industries over renewables, and the country began lagging in its commitment to reducing climate change.
The letter not only referred to recent reports like the IPCC assessment, but also implored that the Dutch government had a duty to reduce emissions to protect human rights under EU policy.
The government, in reply, stated that this target was too aggressive compared to the planned 30% by 2020 target the EU was striving for at the time, and that the country would only commit to a 40% if all other EU member countries had the same objective.
Urgenda sued the state in September 2013, arguing the state must commit to a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions of 40% by 2030 or a minimum of 25% by 2020, bound by Dutch and EU law.
Urgenda's complaint asserted that the government was responsible for managing all carbon dioxide emissions from the country and it was duty-bound by their laws to reduce the nation's contribution to climate change.
The District Court ruled in June 2015 in favor of Urgenda, and required the Netherlands government must achieve 25% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from 1990 levels by 2020.
The Court found that prior to 2010, the state had planned to have 30% reductions by 2020, but since 2010, had changed their policy and reduced the goal to 14-17%.
The ruling asserted that the Dutch government was legally bound to reduce emissions to protect human life, and that the costs associated with a 25% reduction were not unreasonably high.
The court did express concern about respecting the legislative process, and set the requirement to 25%, the minimum that IPCC and other reports estimated was possible for developed countries that was necessary to prevent dangerous climate change.
In these appeals, Urgenda further stressed the human rights issue, and introduced assertions that the Dutch government was bound by Articles 2 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) to address emissions, which the state refuted.
The Court of Appeals rejected the state arguments that the order exceeded the separation of powers: the ruling was non-specific and did not specify the legislation of how to achieve the target, and because the matter was related to human rights, including those from the ECHR, the courts had the authority to issue such rulings.
In its ruling, the Supreme Court affirmed that the Dutch government was responsible for management of carbon dioxide emissions for the country and was bound to protect human rights.
Already planning on banning coal power plants by 2030, the government ordered the shutdown of the Hemweg plant in 2020, four years earlier than planned.
Starting from discussions in December 2018, the Dutch government passed a new climate plan in June 2019, targeting 49% carbon dioxide emissions reduction by 2030.
This plan includes taxes on industries on carbon dioxide emissions, transiting from gas to electric power through incentives, and pay-per-use driving taxes as early as 2025.
Even with enacted changes, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency reported in January 2019 that they projected that carbon dioxide emissions reductions would reach between 19 and 26% from 1990 by the end of 2020, leaving the state in need of more steps to assure the target is met.
The rulings in the case, while binding the government to meet the 25% reduction, did not specify what actions exist should the government miss that target.
The case, while not the first climate change litigation, was heralded worldwide as the original 2015 ruling against the Netherlands was the first successful tort action against a government to address climate change to protect human rights, an area otherwise known as climate justice.
The ruling on the Netherlands case led to similar climate justice lawsuits in other countries, including Belgium, France, Ireland, Germany, New Zealand, Britain, Switzerland and Norway.
The Couchepaganiche East River is a tributary of the Couchepaganiche River, flowing in the municipality of Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The lower part of the Couchepaganiche East River valley is served indirectly by the route 169 which runs along the southeast shore of lac Saint-Jean.
The surface of the Couchepaganiche East River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Couchepaganiche East river originates from an unidentified lake (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area, located south of the Montagne des Trois Round peaks.
The Couchepaganiche East river flows into a bend on the south bank of the Couchepaganiche River, just north of the 3rd range West road.
From the mouth of the Couchepaganiche River East, the current follows the course of the Couchepaganiche River on to the northwest, crosses Lake Saint-Jean north on , then take the course of the Saguenay River via La Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
She found that many felt exhausted and overwhelmed from financial and housing stress, under or over-working in their careers, caregiving, and parenting.
She learned how Generation X women responded and coped with these struggles physically and mentally, incorporating research from the Center for Economic and Policy Research and Harvard University's Equality of Opportunity Project.
As a driver, he most recently competed part-time in the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series for his own team, Mike Affarano Motorsports.
Since the car landed on its roof, a safety truck had to flip it back on its wheels, where Affarano proceeded to climb out of his car with the help of safety personnel at the scene.
Affarano drove in four more races that year, with two being for his own team and the other two driving the No.
Affarano nor his team did not end up making up any starts in 2013, however, plans were announced for him to drive the No.
The first was a withdrawal at his home track of Chicago, and the second being at Pocono where he surprisingly finished 14th in a field of 31 cars.
He did enter his truck at Eldora for the second year in a row, but this time, it was with Jake Griffin driving.
They were initially on the entry list, but the team withdrew after they could not get the truck ready and updated in time, according to a post on the team's Facebook page.
In 2015, Affarano expanded his race team into the NASCAR Xfinity Series, attempting one race with Johanna Long in his No.
The team was planning to debut at the season-opener at Daytona in February 2015, but they had to postpone their debut due to lack of sponsorship.
Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance on the senior, junior, and novice levels.
The results will be part of the Canadian selection criteria for the 2020 Four Continents Championships, 2020 World Junior Championships, and the 2020 World Championships.
The city previously hosted the event in 2013 and has also previously hosted Skate Canada International four times (2000, 2003, 2011, and 2016).
Cara Black and Rennae Stubbs were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Elena Dementieva and Flavia Pennetta.
Daniela Hantuchová and Anastasia Myskina won the title by defeating Květa Peschke and Francesca Schiavone 6–0, 3–6, 7–5 in the final.
Most African American publishing has been concentrated in the city of Omaha, which was home to about half of the state's African-American population in the 19th century, and 70-80% in the 20th century.
Isabelle Is Afraid of Men (French: Isabelle a peur des hommes) is a 1957 French drama film directed by Jean Gourguet and starring Cathia Caro, Roger Dumas and Michel François.
Born and educated in Kentucky, Wood achieved his greatest prominence as the Director of Negro Schools for Baltimore City Public Schools, a role that he held for 18 years, from 1925 until his death.
Beyond his role with Baltimore schools, Wood was an active leader in several state and nationwide educational and civil rights organizations.
Wood first worked as a teacher in a one-room log schoolhouse, and continued teaching in rural Kentucky schools from 1896 to 1899.
This was followed by a promotion to serve as the State Supervisor of black high schools and rural schools in the state in 1922 and 1923.
During his tenure, Wood was also the president of Kentucky Negro Teachers' Association, and a member of the Kentucky Commission on Interracial Cooperation.
Later in 1924, Wood was also the Rockefeller Foundation student at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University) in Hampton, Virginia.
At this time, he moved his offices into the new location of the black teacher training school, Coppin Normal School, (now Coppin State University) when it relocated to Lafayette Avenue and McCulloh Streets.
In 1928, Wood was briefly investigated by the School Board due to allegations he was being financially influenced by a local black leader, Tom Smith, but the two men were exonerated.
Wood oversaw the dedications of major black schools in Baltimore including Samuel Coleridge Taylor Elementary and an expanded campus for Frederick Douglas High School.
Wood was also responsible for selecting names for many of the city's black schools, which had heretofore been identified only by their school number.
He selected namesakes (both white and black) who had positively impacted the black community, including Harriet Tubman, Wendell Phillips, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harvey Johnson and Frances Harper.
Despite his prestige and length of service in the city, a 1941 article in the Baltimore Sun described how, when the school board met, Wood, who was considered of lower rank, was required to be seated in the rear of the room, separate from the other school executives.
In response to a 1934 lynching in Somerset County, Maryland, Wood worked with the Urban League and other black leaders in Baltimore to draft a resolution calling on Governor Albert Ritchie to pass an anti-lynching statute.
Later in the same year, Wood was selected by the new Republican Governor-elect Harry Nice to serve on the Maryland Commission of Higher Education of Negroes, which was tasked to determine whether the HBCU Morgan College should be taken over by the State of Maryland.
Wood was also a member of the commission's subcommittee on awards, which was charged with awarding scholarships to colleges and universities for black students.
In 1939, Wood served as one faculty member for the Baltimore Police Training School, a free program which sought to prepare black candidates for the Baltimore City Police entrance examinations.
The funeral service was attended by about 650 people, and was accompanied by a five-minute period of silence at all city schools, with flags flown at half-mast.
Following his death, Wood was succeeded as Director of Colored Schools by Elmer A. Henderson, then the principal of Booker T. Washington Junior High School.
While Wood had been unable to achieve an equal title of assistant superintendent during his life, his successor Henderson finally was granted that position in 1945.
Initially, the site was a camp operated by a private group headed by Wood himself, but it was purchased by Baltimore City Department of Public Welfare after his death and reopened in his honor.
The 2020 AFL season will be the 124th season in the Australian Football League contested by the Carlton Football Club, and the fourth AFL Women's season contested by its senior women's team.
The 2020 AFL season is the 124th season of the VFL/AFL competition since its inception in 1897; and, having competed in every season, it is also be the 124rd season contested by the Carlton Football Club.
Carlton continued its alignment with the Northern Blues in the Victorian Football League, allowing Carlton-listed players to play with the Northern Blues when not selected in AFL matches.
Carlton's primary home ground continued to be the Melbourne Cricket Ground, with many games also played at Marvel Stadium; traditional home ground Ikon Park continued to serve as the training and administrative base.
The club fielded its women's team in the third season of the AFL Women's competition, running in February and March, and Ikon Park served as the home ground for AFL Women's matches.
Car manufacturer Hyundai, which had been a major sponsor of the club continuously since 2008, and airline Virgin Australia, which had upgraded from a secondary sponsor to a major sponsor during the 2017 season, continued as the club's two major sponsors, under deals in place until 2022.
The club's long term on- and off-field apparel deal with Nike, which had been in place since 1998, came to an end in October 2019, and the club signed a new 10-year apparel deal with PUMA.
David Teague entered his first full season as the appointed senior coach of the club, having served as caretaker during the second half of 2019 after Brendon Bolton was sacked.
To the coaching panel were added: assistant coach Henry Playfair, who became head of coaching performance; AFL Academy manager Luke Power, who became head of development; and Geelong Falcons coach Daniel O'Keefe in a development coaching role.
The matches against Fremantle and Brisbane were scheduled as part of the Marsh Community Series, and the match against Collingwood was arranged between the clubs in late January with the gold coin entry donation fee serving as a fundraiser for the 2019-20 Australian bushfire relief effort.
With the departure of former captain Brianna Davey to , Katie Loynes and Kerryn Harrington were appointed joint captains of the team for the 2020 season.
Carlton senior- and rookie-listed players who are not selected to play in the Carlton team were eligible to play for the Northern Blues senior team in the Victorian Football League.
The club's home matches will be split between the VFL club's traditional home ground Preston City Oval, and Carlton's traditional home ground Ikon Park.
Louis Walton Sipley (April 10, 1897 - October 18, 1968) was a writer, inventor museum proprietor and an author of books on photography.
His museum's collection of photographs and his papers were donated to the George Eastman Museum which has a collection and conservation center named for him.
With his wife Alice Gertrude Moïse (May 24, 1906 - April 26, 2003), he directed the American Museum of Photography in Philadelphia.
This is a list of all the awards given by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) World Tour to players and others of particular distinction during a given season.
This award is given to the best-dressed player at the Players' Gala held prior to the season-ending BWF World Tour Finals and its predecessor, the BWF Super Series Finals.
A Mother's Secret (French: Le Secret d'une mère) is a 1952 French drama film directed by Jean Gourguet and starring André Le Gall, Blanchette Brunoy and Grégoire Aslan.
After his wife dies in a car accident, her husband comes to believe that their young daughter is not really his child.
His work is included in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, the Centre Pompidou, Paris and the Tate Museum, London.
Stark's Test I.A Coaster is an upcoming roller coaster to be constructed at Walt Disney Studios Park's future Avengers Campus Paris by 2021, replacing Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith, which closed on September 1, 2019.
The existing solar panel-line building used for Rock 'n' Roller Coaster will be used as a queue area, with the ride itself to be housed in a newly-constructed building connected to the original building by a passageway.
The 2020 Palarong Pambansa was the 63rd edition of the Palarong Pambansa multi-sports event, is an upcoming Philippine national multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 1 May to 9 May 2020 in Marikina City, National Capital Region.
The province of Occidental Mindoro and the cities of Marikina and Puerto Princesa made a bid to host the 63rd Palarong Pambansa.
The supposed budget for the hosting of the sporting event was allocated by the local government unit instead to help the victims of the said typhoon.
It was the supposed to be Occidental Mindoro’s first time to host Palarong Pambansa and the second in the Mimaropa region after Puerto Princesa City hosted the games in 2008.
Palarong Pambansa originally awarded the games to Occidental Mindoro in April 2019, but the hosting rights were given up over a half year later.
This is Marikina's first time to host the Palarong Pambansa, NCR's fifth hosting since the 1966 Palarong Pambansa held in Quezon City, after 54 years.
Marikina will be the fourth city in NCR to stage the Palarong Pambansa after Manila (1948, 1st edition and 1960, 12th edition), Pasig (1964, 16th edition) and Quezon City (1966, 18th edition).
Marikina also bids the recent editions of Palarong Pambansa and all won as one of the candidate cities: 2014 (runner-up to Sta.
Marikina also previously hosted some major multi-sporting events: 2019 NCR Palaro, 2014 ASEAN School Games, 2011 UAAP Season 74, 2005 Southeast Asian Games, 1980 Palarong Bagong Lipunan and the first edition of 1973 Asian Athletics Championships.
At least 29 venues were named for the games including venues to be used for demonstration sports and the Special Games.
The 2020 Group 10 Rugby League season will be the 73rd season of Group 10 Rugby League, the premier rugby league competition in the Central West area of New South Wales.
It will the be the first season the competition will be run under the auspices of New South Wales Rugby League, after NSWRL agreed to a new constitution and the Country Rugby League voted to wind up its affairs immediately.
The decisions was made on 19 October, 2019 and the merger means that the aim of a unified administration of the sport in NSW was achieved over a year ahead of time.
It will be the first time since 2013 where there will be a change in competing teams, dropping down to eight teams after Oberon Tigers withdrew due to a lack of numbers.
The Tigers, who are the second-most successful Group 10 team with 11 premierships, only appeared in a Premier League grand final back in 2017.
Mudgee Dragons also sought a potential move to Group 11 Rugby League in the off-season, but decided not to nominate at the competition's annual general meeting in November, 2019.
Bathurst Panthers will enter the season as two-time defending champions, after defeating Mudgee Dragons 9–8 in the 2019 Premier League decider at Carrington Park.
The scores were locked at 8–all at the end of 80 minutes, before Panthers captain-coach Doug Hewitt scored a field goal in extra-time, which would prove the difference at the end of extra-time.
The Prime Minister's Office (PMO), also known as the Office of the Prime Minister, is the private office of the Prime Minister of Australia which provides political advice and executive support to the Prime Minister.
The PMO is led by the Prime Minister's Chief of Staff and or Principal Private Secretary and is composed of party advisers, media specialists, and political strategists.
Scholars including Professor Anne Tiernan of Griffith University and Professor James Walter of Monash University have observed the centralisation and expansion of power within the PMO over the past three decades.
The PMO should not be confused with the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet which is a public service entity that provides non-political policy coordination and executive support for the Prime Minister and Cabinet's agenda or with the Prime Minister's official residences at The Lodge and Kirribilli House.
The origins of the contemporary Prime Minister's Office can be found with Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser who cemented the central authority of the Prime Minister through an adviser structure.
Prime Ministers Bob Hawke and Paul Keating also continued to expand the role and size of the Prime Minister's Office through the coordination of the development and implementation of the government's agenda.
The role of the Prime Minister's Office has changed over time but has consistently been a source of political advice for the Prime Minister of the day.
The organisational structure and staffing arrangements of the Prime Minister's Office changed with the personal preferences, political interests, and strategic priorities of the Prime Minister of the day.
The PMO also seconds Departmental Liaison Officers from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet to enable engagement for the flow of advice, correspondence, submissions and other communications to and from the PMO and PM&C.
The position of Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister of Australia was formally created by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1972 to run the political and private office of the Prime Minister.
Prior to the formalisation of the Prime Minister's Chief of Staff in 1972, the Prime Minister's Office was traditionally headed by a career public servant known as the Principal Private Secretary.
The position of Principal Private Secretary functioned as a Chief of Staff and has been responsible for the management of relationships and stakeholders at the direction of the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister's Office was satirised in the television comedy series [[The Hollowmen]] which centred on the fictitious Central Policy Unit inspired by the Cabinet Policy Unit established by Prime Minister John Howard.
Project Insecurity is a Computer Security organization founded by Matthew Telfer which has a primary focus as an education resource, a vulnerability identification and remediation team, and an Exploit Development Team.
Unlike most Ethical Hacking organizations, Project Insecurity takes the non-convetional approach of hiring former cyber-criminals in attempt to give them a chance at exhibiting reformed behavior.
Matthew Telfer's stance on this is that those who have hacked maliciously have a deeper understanding of such concepts, and that their talent should not be put to waste.
These flaws were disclosed to the affected software vendors in a responsible manner, and some examples of large sites that were vulnerable include Google, Twitter, PayPal, Bank of America, Kaspersky, AT&T, Tesla, Verizon Media, and Sony, among many other websites.
Project Insecurity first entered the public sphere in 2017 and shortly after, they became a registered Limited Company within the United Kingdom.
When the organization originally surfaced, an assortment of security exploits were publicly disclosed; primarily exposing flaws in Content Management Systems and Forum Board Software.
Project Insecurity also released the exploit code for Hangzhou XiaongMai Technologies CCTV Cameras, demonstrating how it was possible for hackers to take control of over two million vulnerable devices and use them as part of a Botnet.
These devices were believed to have been used to partially power the Mirai Botnet, resulting in what was (at the time) the most powerful Denial of Service attack in the history of the internet.
In April 2018, Project Insecurity released two exploits affecting live chat systems used by various Internet Service Providers and Financial corporations around the world.
Nuance Communications and LiveChat were the affected software vendors, both of which appeared to be vulnerable to bugs of a similar nature.
These bugs allowed a malicious hacker to glean information on employees relating to the affected companies, such as the name, email, and employee ID of the chat agent, alongside other information such as the backend systems in use, allowing a malicious hacker to potentially gain a foothold within these networks.
Prior to his sentencing, Kane Gamble had been attempting to show that he had reformed his character, not only working alongside Project Insecurity to help secure the above affected systems, but also by reporting vulnerabilities to companies such as T-Mobile USA of his own accord.
This allowed him to view more than two million lines of their source code, including private developer API keys and Amazon Web Services secret keys.
In August 2018, Project Insecurity released a series of critical exploits for OpenEMR, the most popular Electronic Medical Record system in existence.
There was over 25 vulnerabilities released in total, some of which would allow a malicious hacker to obtain full access to any machine running OpenEMR.
This meant that such a flaw could be leveraged to expose the personal information of more than 100 million people worldwide, including 30-million US Citizens.
This information was very sensitive in nature, and it included details about particular medical conditions that people are suffering from, alongside personally identifiable information such as their names, addresses, photographs, social security numbers, and more.
Project Insecurity pointed out that such a flaw could have been used by a rogue government to possibly manipulate the 2019 Canadian General Elections, and stated that the vulnerability could have potentially revealed the personal details of almost 80% of Canada's entire population.
Some of the affected sites included Bell Canada, SaskTel, Rogers Communications, Telus, Shaw Communications, EastLink, and a number of other websites.
He served as the head football coach at St. Mary of the Plains College in Dodge City, Kansas from 1960 to 1962, compiling a record of 8–18.
O'Leary was also the athletic director at Colorado State University from 1974 to 1976 and the University of Central Florida (UCF) from 1976 to 1981.
A native of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, O'Leary was a multi-sport star Portsmouth High School and captain of the All-New Hampshire football team in 1946.
He began his coaching career while in the military, first as head football coach and assistant administrator of athletics at Fort Carson in El Paso County, Colorado in 1952 and then as football and track coach at Fort Devens in Massachusetts the following year.
In 1954, O'Leary was an assistant football coach at his alma mater, Portsmouth High School, before moving to New Hampshire Technical Institute—now known as NHTI, Concord's Community College—in Concord, New Hampshire to serve as athletic director and head basketball coach.
After transferring from the University of New Hampshire, O'Leary resumed his college football career in 1956 at Colorado College in Colorado Springs, Colorado, playing quarterback for head coach Roy B. Robertson.
From 1957 to 1959, O'Leary was an assistant coach at Colorado College in football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey, before he was named to the coaching staff at St. Mary of the Plains College in August 1959.
It passes through the small town of Sili, where it is joined by a major tributary, before reaching the Pacific Ocean at the settlement of Puleia.
The 2019–20 California United Strikers FC season is the club's inaugural season in the National Independent Soccer Association, a newly established third division soccer league in the United States.
Since 2017, Cal United had attempted to join two professional leagues, the North American Soccer League and National Premier Soccer League's proposed professional league (beginning with the NPSL Founders Cup tournament), with neither effort taking form.
The Strikers finished the fall season in second place with a 2-3-1 (9 pts) record, clinching a spot in the West Coast Championship against LA Force.
Cal United will enter the 2020 U.S. Open Cup with the rest of the National Independent Soccer Association teams in the Second Round.
Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel also called the Baldwin-Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel or Stockton Deep Water Channel is a manmade deepwater water channel that runs from Suisun Bay and the Sacramento River - Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel to the Port of Stockton and the Stockton Channel in California.
The Stockton Ship Channel is long and about deep, allowing up to Panama Canal size ocean ships access to the Port of Stockton at the City of Stockton.
The Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel is part of the vast Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta that has a connection to the Pacific Ocean.
The plans were delayed by World War I, in 1925 the city put started a $1.3 million bond campaign to dredge the lower San Joaquin.
Stockton partnered with the federal and state governments in 1926 to form a $8.2 million fund to change the river to a new channel.
The cause is believed to from three problems the straightening of the river, pollution from the harbor and city and poor tidal mixing.
Baldwin Deepwater Shipping Channel, also called the John F. Baldwin Shipping Channel, runs from the San Francisco Bay through the San Pablo Bay and Suisun Bay to the entrance to the Stockton Ship Channels.
Frances Talbot, Countess of Morley (married name Frances Parker; 1782–1857) was an English author and illustrator, best known as a correspondent of Jane Austen.
This branch of the Talbot family was a junior branch of the Talbots of Salesbury and Bashall, and had acquired their estate of Gonville Hall during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
His first wife, a daughter of the Earl of Westmorland, divorced him and married Arthur Paget as a result of her husband's many infidelities.
She was the mother of Parker's second legitimate son, Edmund Parker, 2nd Earl of Morley, who would later succeed to the earldom (as the elder son died young), as well as a daughter, Caroline, who died in 1818 at the age of four.
Talbot was an early admirer of the work of Jane Austen, though it is not clear how they came to be acquainted; it is possible that they were introduced through Austen's brother, Henry Thomas Austen.
With the help of his friendly neighbor, he begins to master his newfound abilities to fight evil and at the same time, conceal them from the public eye, including his suspicious ex-girlfriend.
On 6 February 2019, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes.
Sometime after the series was ordered by Netflix, it was confirmed that Quim Gutiérrez, Clara Lago, Adrián Pino and Catalina Sopelana would star in the series.
On 15 November 2019, the series held its official premiere with the screening of the first two episodes at the Gijón International Film Festival in Gijón, Spain.
It was one of nine homes of the Blanchard Heights development, which were originally surrounded by open fields, but these were filled in by post-World War II houses.
These tree frogs are found in wetlands throughout their range, as well as in temperate forests both on the ground and in trees.
Bernard Stiegler admired the work, in that it reconsidered the history of nihilism in the eschatological contemporaneity and criticalised Gandhi's thoughts from a new perspective.
Robert Bernasconi admired the profound impact of the work, in that it warranted a re-examination of Gandhiji's thought-school and also served as a reflection on the usual Western interpretations of India.
A review at the Open magazine praised the pioneer attempt at a re-interpretation of Gandhi's thought-school using philosophical models, without being overtly dependent on ex-post-facto political developments.
Reviewing for Indian Express, Raj Ayyar admired the work to be highly informed, which sidestepped the usual binary of being either overtly hagiographic or outright vituperative in nature.
Another review by Aakash Joshi admired the work as well, in that it distanced itself from political correctness and tackled a lot of usually-whitewashed controversies in Gandhi's life using novel philosophical concepts, without necessarily delving into a black-and-white territory.
A review over the The Book Review noted the work to be a closely-argued and seminal volume, which utilized novel philosophical concepts in dissecting and analyzing Gandhi; the development of scalology and hypophysics were praised, in particular.
A review over The Hindu noted the book to be an adventurous but affectionate work, which established Gandhi as a serious philosopher for time and beyond.
In a review for The Wire, J. Reghu praised the work as a highly original contribution, which ushered in a remarkable moment for classical philosophy in the subcontinent.
In the 2019/20 academic year the school offered programs in English and Slovene, and language instruction in French, German, Lithuanian, and Spanish.
The school is located in Ljubljana's Center District in the premises of the Ljubljana School Centre (), housed in a former Austro-Hungarian trade school built in 1911.
The immediate surroundings include the University of Ljubljana's Faculty of Pharmacy to the west, the Faculty of Arts to the north, the French embassy to the east, and residential housing to the south.
It refers particularly to a play in which a number of characters are called on stage, two of whom engage in a combat, the loser being revived by a doctor character.
It is generally performed seasonally or annually, often at Christmas, Easter or on Plough Monday, more rarely on Halloween or All Souls' Day, and often with a collection of money, in which the practice may be compared with other customs such as those of Halloween, Bonfire Night, wassailing, pace egging and first-footing at new year.
Mummers' and guisers' plays were formerly performed throughout much of English-speaking Great Britain and Ireland, spreading to other English-speaking parts of the world including Newfoundland and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
There are a few surviving traditional teams of mummers in England and Ireland, but there have been many revivals of mumming, often associated nowadays with morris and sword dance groups.
Broadly comic performances, the most common type features a doctor who has a magic potion able to resuscitate the vanquished character.
The characters may be introduced in a series of short speeches (usually in rhyming couplets) or they may introduce themselves in the course of the play's action.
The principal characters, presented in a wide variety of manners, are a hero, most commonly Saint George, King George, or Prince George (but Robin Hood in the Cotswolds and Galoshin in Scotland), and his chief opponent (known as the Turkish Knight in southern England, but named Slasher elsewhere), and a quack Doctor who comes to restore the dead man to life.
Other characters include: Old Father Christmas, who introduces some plays, the Fool and Beelzebub or Little Devil Doubt (who demands money from the audience).
In Ynysmeudwy near Swansea groups of four boys dressed as Crwmpyn (hunchback) John, Indian Dark, Robin Hood and Doctor Brown took the play from house to house on Bonfire Night and were rewarded with money.
In the few instances where the dragon appears and speaks its words can be traced back to a Cornish script published by William Sandys in 1833.
On Shrove Tuesday of 1557 Albert V, Duke of Bavaria went to visit the archbishop of Salzburg and played a game of dice with him.
Mumming, at any rate in the South of England, had its heyday at the end of the 19th century and the earliest years of the 20th century.
The revived plays are frequently taken around inns and public houses around Christmas time and the begging done for some charity rather than for the mummers themselves.
Although the main season for mumming throughout Britain was around Christmas, some parts of England had plays performed around All Souls' Day (known as Souling or soul-caking) or Easter (Pace-egging or Peace-egging).
Tradition has it that ploughboys would take their plays from house to house and perform in exchange for money or gifts, some teams pulling a plough and threatened to plough up people's front gardens or path if they did not pay up.
The Tup was usually represented by a boy, bent over forwards, covered with a sack, and carrying a broomstick with a rough, wooden sheep's head attached.
The custom persisted until at least 1970, when it was performed in private houses and pubs in Dore on New Year's Day.
All known Irish play scripts are in English though Irish custom and tradition have permeated mumming ceremony with famous characters from Irish history – Colmcille, Brian Boru, Art MacMorrough, Owen Roe O'Neill, Sarsfield and Wolfe Tone.
In 1831 Sir Walter Scott published a rhyme which had been used as a prelude to the Papa Stour Sword Dance, Shetland in around 1788.
It features seven characters, Saint George, Saint James, Saint Dennis, Saint David, Saint Patrick, Saint Anthony and Saint Andrew, the Seven Champions of Christendom.
They each dance with the shield upon their head, then it is laid on the floor and they withdraw their swords to finish the dance.
Emily Lyle captured the oral history of fourteen people from the lowlands of Scotland recounting their memories of the 'seasonal folk dramas' known as Galoshins.
Inspired by both these writers, and by folk play workshops at the Scottish Storytelling Centre, the Meadows Mummers are an all-female troupe who perform at local festivals and have recently (September 2019) returned from performing at the Scots Music School in Barga, Italy.
The parade traces back to mid-17th-century roots, blending elements from Swedish, Finnish, Irish, English, German, and other European heritages, as well as African heritage.
Revivals of this tradition are still celebrated annually in South Gloucestershire, England on Boxing Day along with other locations in England and in parts of Ireland on St. Stephen's Day and also in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador around Christmas.
Mumming was used as a means of entertaining at feasts and functions, particular mention is made of one feast where 150 torch bearers lead the same number of mummers in, who would do acrobatics in a variety of costumes, including animal costumes.
saint's days), a lot of the populace would put on masks, and in practices that vary with geography, celebrate the day.
If the lord couldn't match verse for verse the singing group (alternating verses), then that lord would have to provide amenities.
The formation of roving mumming groups became a popular practice so common it became associated with criminal or lewd behaviour, as the use of masks allowed anonymity; in the time of Henry VIII, it was banned for a period.
On documents such as receipts and bills from the late medieval, come details of mumming parties organised by English monarchs, Henry VIII being known for taking his court mumming incognito.
In keeping with the theme of an inversion of rules, and of disguise, crossdressing was a common strategy, and men would sometimes dress as women and women as men.
Travelling from house to house, some mummers would carry their own musical instruments to play, sing and dance in the houses they visited.
The host and hostess of these 'mummers parties' would serve a small lunch which could consist of Christmas cake with a glass of syrup or blueberry or dogberry wine.
As each mummer was identified, they would uncover their faces, but if their true identity is not guessed they did not have to unmask.
Mummers plays were performed in Philadelphia in the 18th century as part of a wide variety of working-class street celebrations around Christmas.
Unable to suppress the custom, by the 1880s the city government began to pursue a policy of co-option, requiring participants to join organized groups with designated leaders who had to apply for permits and were responsible for their groups actions.
They are depicted as a boisterous crowd dancing and laughing in outrageous costumes where men are dressed as women and women are dressed as men.
Finney Peak is an mountain summit located in the Methow Mountains, a sub-range of the North Cascades in Chelan County of Washington State.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
It was Fjeldstad that correctly assumed the existence of the Lomonosov Ridge, which divides the Arctic Ocean into two large ocean basins.
Nasreldin Abdelbari is a Sudanese human rights activist who became the minister of justice in September 2019 in the Transitional Cabinet of Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, during the 2019 Sudanese transition to democracy.
Abdelbari was born in Khartoum, his family comes from western Darfur, he holds a bachelor and a masters of law from the University of Khartoum, he served as a lecturer and teaching assistant in the department of international comparative law at the same institution, In addition to LLM from Harvard University.
He graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich in 1961 and became a teach of agriculture and business in Willisau.
He was a councilor on the Lucerne Grand Council from 1967 to 1971. in 1971 he was elected with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland to the National Council.
After leaving politics, Muff stepped into a corporate career as president of Auto AG Holding Rothenburg from 1995 to 2005 and president of Centralschweizerische Kraftwerke Luzern, the local electic utility.
It is an herbaceous plant growing to around 0.7 m. It produces yellow flowers that open around sunset from May through September.
The Great Britain national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national representative for Great Britain in international under-18 and under-19 basketball competitions.
The keystone from the House of Condé was added in the 16th century, while the façade was ended during the reign of Henry IV.
Because of his political commitments, the National Socialist rulers imposed a writing ban on him in 1934; consequently, in 1935, Rein became unemployed During the war, he was subject to compulsory service at the German National Railway and at times Rein was in Gestapo detention.
After the war's end, he worked for the Cultural Advisory Board for Publishing at the German Administration for Public Education until 1950.
The Cultural Advisory Board was initially tasked with removing from circulation work of a fascist or militaristic nature, but evolved to enforce official communist party cultural policy.
Initiated by Johannes R. Becher, a campaign was launched against the new literature in GDR magazines, which led to the publisher taking the book off the market and Rein's membership of the Cultural Advisory Board was suspended.
The novel appeared in a preprint from 6 October 1946 to 16 February 1947 in the Berliner Zeitung, and the book came out in 1947.
The book reached a circulation of 100,000 copies in 1951 and was one of the first German bestsellers of the postwar period.
The Great Britain national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national representative for Great Britain in international under-16 and under-17 basketball competitions.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, the Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 12,000 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 11,573 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show was held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, with an estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The event, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 12,721 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 10,000 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home arna, Dallas, Texas.
In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as the Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities.
This concept lies in the basis for the kinetic theory of matter and thermal expansion of matter, which states as the temperature of a substance rises, so does the average kinetic energy of its molecules.
As such, a rise in kinetic energy requires more space between the particles of a given substance, which leads to its physical expansion.
While the VCF is primarily used for liquid hydrocarbons, the theory and principles behind it apply to most liquids, with some exceptions.
As such, when these substances reach temperatures just above their freezing point, they begin to expand, since the angle of the bonds prevent the molecules from tightly fitting together, resulting in more empty space between the molecules in a solid state.
While these are the exceptions to general principles of thermal expansion and contraction, they would seldom, if ever, be used in conjunction with VCF / CTL, as the correction factors are dependent upon specific constants, which are further dependent on liquid hydrocarbon classifications and densities.
In standard applications, computing the VCF or CTL requires the observed temperature of the product, and its API gravity at 60° F. Once calculated, the corrected volume is the product of the VCF and the observed volume.
Traditionally, VCF / CTL are found by matching the observed temperature and API gravity within standardized books and tables published by the American Petroleum Institute.
These methods are often more time consuming than entering the values into an online VCF calculator; however, due to the variance in methodology and computation of constants, the tables published by the American Petroleum Institute are preferred when dealing with the purchase and sale of crude oil and residual fuels.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 13,000 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 8,000 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 8,100 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 5,000 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The play was drafted at an MRA meeting in Caux, Switzerland in 1955, principally by Ifoghale Amata from Nigeria (Act 1), Manasseh Moerane from South Africa (Act 2), and Abayifaa Karbo from Ghana (Act 3).
The cast included Manasseh Moerane, as Adamu, Chief Minister of Bokondo, Ifoghale Amata as Mutanda, the Nationalist revolutionary leader, and Lionel Jardine as Mr. Roland, administrator for the colonial power, Imperia.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas/Ft.
The show, held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, drew 6,000 spectators out if its estimated 18,000 seat capacity when configured for professional wrestling shows.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The show was produced and scripted by the Dallas, Texas based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) professional wrestling promotion and held in their home area, Dallas, Texas.
The album was recorded in Honolulu, Hawaii, produced by Na Hoku Hanohano Award-winner Dave Tucciarone and co-produced by Kamakoa Lindsey-Asing and Allan B.
It was the first time in the history of the category that the award had been won by a Native Hawaiian recording artist.
It was also the first time since the category was created in 2011 that the award had not been won by a Louisiana-based Cajun or zydeco album.
The 2020 Charlotte 49ers football team will represent the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The 49ers play their home games at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, NC, and compete in the East Division of Conference USA (C–USA).
The 49ers finished the 2019 season 7–6, 5–3 in C-USA play to finish in fourth place in the East Division, earning an invite to the program's first bowl game.
The following recruits and transfers have signed letters of intent or verbally committed to the Charlotte 49ers football program for the 2020 recruiting year.
Born as Robert Allan Black in Fort Worth, Texas, the son of U.S. Army colonel, Forrest Coy Black, and U.S. Army nurse, Maryanne McDonough Black.
During the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, Black developed his serial commercial campaigns, which he built as films, with character development, character arcs, turning points, and cliffhangers.
In November 1988, after being pursued by several film companies to direct, he left FCB and joined Travisano, DiGiacomo, Black films.
Black won the Mercury Award given to the best Marketed Travel Campaign in the World for his work on Holland American Cruise Line/Westours.
It was filmed over a 14-year period in locations around the world and follows the journey of freed Nazi slave turned philanthropist, Henri Landwirth (1927-2018), as he attempts to free himself of demons that remain.
Since early 2017, the U.S. and other Coalition partners have also targeted the Syrian government and its allies via airstrikes and aircraft shoot-downs.
On 22 September, Pentagon Press Secretary Rear Admiral John Kirby confirmed that the United States and other partner nations had undertaken strikes in Syria using fighters, bombers, and Tomahawk missiles in strikes authorized by President Barack Obama.
Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were identified as countries conducting or supporting airstrikes the first night.
The initial strikes were coordinated by United States Central Command and targeted about 20 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant targets, including headquarters buildings.
Sources in Syria claimed that among the targets was also Brigade 93, a Syrian army base that the militants had recently captured and targets in the towns of Tabqa and Tell Abyad in Raqqa Province.
F-22 Raptor stealth fighters were reported to be among the U.S. aircraft striking targets in Syria on the first night of the campaign, carrying out their first combat missions ever since entering service in 2005.
At least 70 ISIL fighters, 50 fighters affiliated with al-Qaeda, and eight civilians were killed overnight by the airstrikes, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights while eight strikes were launched against the Khorasan group.
During the first night of airstrikes, the United States' force deployed with HARM missiles as a precaution, as it was uncertain how Syria's air-defense network would react.
The airstrikes were targeting oil production facilities controlled by ISIL who had been using the oil in order to fund their activities.
In a third round of airstrikes on ISIL targets on 25 September, Arab partners led the U.S. in strikes against militant-held oil facilities in northeastern Syria.
Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates dropped 80 percent of the bomb tonnage in the third round of strikes, compared to other strikes in which the United States lead Arab partners.
In a fifth round of airstrikes in Syria on 27 September, the U.S. led strikes along with Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the UAE against ISIL forces in the Kobanî Canton of Syrian Kurdistan.
The strikes destroyed two armored vehicles and an unknown number of fighters in an area that had been under siege by ISIL militants.
On 28 and 29 September, the U.S. carried out two rounds of strikes against ISIL positions across Syria in 4 provinces.
Among the facilities targeted was the entrance to the largest gas plant in Syria, in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, and ISIL training camps and vehicles near an ISIL-controlled grain silo in Manbij.
In an eighth round of airstrikes in Syria on 1 October, the U.S. and coalition partners struck ISIL targets in Northern Syria.
The daytime strikes targeted ISIL forces laying siege to Kobanî, a primarily Kurdish city in Syrian Kurdistan, in support of the People's Protection Units (YPG) and Free Syrian Army, who were defending the city.
The strikes destroyed an ISIL checkpoint near Kobanî, damaged a tank north of Sinjar Mountain, destroyed a tank west of Raqqa, and destroyed several ISIL facilities east of Aleppo.
In a 10th round of airstrikes in Syria on 3 October, the U.S., assisted by Saudi Arabia and the UAE, struck ISIL forces in Northern and Eastern Syria.
The strikes destroyed an ISIL garrison south of Al-Hasakah, destroyed two tanks southeast of Deir ez-Zor, destroyed two modular oil refineries and a training camp south of Raqqa, and struck an ISIL building northeast of Aleppo.
On 4 October, the U.S. led an 11th round of airstrikes, along with Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, against ISIL forces across Syria.
The U.S. and partner nations carried out nine strikes, destroying an ISIL infantry unit, armored personnel carrier, and a vehicle south of Kobanî.
They also destroyed a tank and a vehicle southeast of Deir ez-Zor, damaged the Tabqa airfield and destroyed an artillery piece near Raqqa, as well as an ISIL depot and logistics complex south of Al-Hasakah.
In a 12th round of airstrikes in Syria on 5 October, the U.S. carried out three airstrikes against ISIL forces in Central and Eastern Syria.
The strikes destroyed an ISIL bulldozer, two ISIL tanks and another vehicle northwest of Mayadin, and destroyed six firing positions and a large ISIL unit northwest of Raqqa.
The strikes destroyed an ISIL tank near Tabqa airfield west of Raqqa, destroyed two fighting positions south of Kobanî, and destroyed a tank southeast of Deir ez-Zor.
On 8 October, the U.S. led a 15th round of nine airstrikes along with the UAE, destroying an armored personnel carrier, four armed vehicles, an artillery piece, and damaged another armed vehicle in and around Kobanî, striking an ISIL training camp and fighters northwest of Raqqa, and destroying a tank northwest of Deir ez-Zor.
In a 16th round of airstrikes in Syria on 9 October, the U.S. carried out nine airstrikes in the areas in and around the besieged border town of Kobanî.
The U.S. carried out six airstrikes south of Kobanî that destroyed two ISIL-held buildings, one tank and one heavy machine gun along, a fighting position along with one large and two small ISIL units.
On 10 October, the U.S. led a 17th round of airstrikes along with Saudi Arabia and the UAE, carrying out nine strikes that destroyed two ISIL training facilities, three vehicles, damaging a tank and striking two ISIL units in and around Kobanî.
The strikes also destroyed an armored vehicle staging facility east of Deir ez-Zor and struck a small ISIL unit northeast of Al-Hasakah.
In an 18th round of airstrikes in Syria on 11 October, the U.S. carried out six airstrikes in and around Kobanî.
The U.S. carried out four strikes north of Kobanî striking a fighting position, damaging a command and control facility, destroying a staging building, and striking two small ISIL units.
On 12 October, the U.S. led a 19th round of airstrikes along with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, carrying out four strikes — three in Kobanî, destroying a fighting position and a staging area, and one strike northwest of Raqqa, destroying an armored vehicle compound.
Also on 12 October, the U.S. announced that the Turkish government had approved the use of Turkish military bases by Coalition forces fighting ISIL in Syria and Iraq.
These installations included key bases only from the Syrian border and important U.S. military bases in Turkey such as the Incirlik Air Base.
Despite the announcement of Turkish government approval, on 13 October, Turkish officials publicly denied that any agreement had been made over Coalition use of Turkish airbases, including Incirlik.
In a 20th round of airstrikes in Syria on 13 October, the U.S. and Saudi Arabia carried out eight airstrikes against ISIL forces.
Seven of the strikes were in and around Kobanî, striking a large ISIL unit, two small units; damaging one staging location and destroying another, destroying a heavy-machine-gun firing position, destroying three buildings, and damaging two others.
On 14 October, the U.S. and Saudi Arabia carried out the 21st round and the largest set of strikes against ISIL in Syria since the beginning of the intervention, with 21 strikes against targets in and around Kobanî, and an additional strike near Deir ez-Zor.
According to the Department of Defense, the strikes were designed to interdict ISIL reinforcements and resupply zones and prevent ISIL from massing combat power on the Kurdish-held portions of Kobanî.
The strikes destroyed two staging locations and damaged another, destroyed one ISIL building and damaged two others, damaged three ISIL compounds, destroyed one truck, one armed vehicle, and one other vehicle near Kobanî in support of Kurdish forces resisting the |siege of the town.
In addition to those targets, the airstrikes struck seven staging areas, two mortar positions, three ISIL occupied buildings, and an artillery storage facility.
In a 22nd round of airstrikes on 15 October, the U.S. carried out 18 strikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî.
On 16 October, the U.S. carried out a 23rd round of airstrikes with 14 airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî striking 19 ISIL-controlled buildings, two command posts, three fighting positions, three sniper positions, one staging location, and one heavy machine gun position.
In a 24th round of airstrikes on 17 October, the U.S. carried out seven airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî and in north-eastern Syria.
Six airstrikes took place near Kobanî, striking three ISIL-controlled buildings; they also destroyed two fighting positions, suppressed three fighting positions, and destroyed two vehicles.
One other airstrike near Al-Shaddadi struck ISIL-controlled oil collection equipment, including several petroleum, oil, and lubricants tanks, and a pump station.
On 20 October, the U.S. carried out a 25th round of airstrikes, with six airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî.
The strikes destroyed ISIL fighting positions, ISIL mortar positions, a vehicle, and one stray equipment supply bundle from a U.S. airdrop of Kurdish supplies in order to prevent the supplies from being captured.
In a 26th round of airstrikes on 21 October, the U.S. carried out four airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî.
The British Royal Air Force began operating over Syria in a surveillance role on the same date, making the UK the first Western country other than the U.S. to operate in both Iraq and Syria simultaneously.
On 22 October, the U.S. carried out a 27th round of airstrikes with six airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî.
In a 28th round of airstrikes on 23 October, the U.S. carried out six airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Deir ez-Zor.
On 24 October, the U.S. carried out a 29th round of airstrikes with six airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî.
In a 30th round of airstrikes on 25 October, the U.S. carried out one strike near Kobanî, destroying an ISIL artillery piece.
On 26 October, the U.S. carried out its 31st round of airstrikes with five airstrikes against ISIL targets near Kobanî, destroying seven ISIL vehicles and an ISIL-controlled building.
In a 32nd round of airstrikes on 27 October, the U.S. carried out four strikes near Kobanî, destroying five ISIL vehicles and an ISIL-occupied building.
On 28 October, the U.S. carried out its 33rd round of airstrikes, with four airstrikes conducted against ISIL targets near Kobanî, destroying four ISIL fighting positions and a small ISIL unit.
The strikes destroyed five ISIL fighting positions, a small ISIL unit, six ISIL vehicles, an ISIL-controlled building, and an ISIL command and control node.
On 30 October, the U.S. carried out a 35th round of airstrikes, with 12 airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî, and against targets near Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa.
In a 36th round of airstrikes on 31 October, the U.S. carried out four airstrikes in and around Kobanî, damaging four ISIL fighting positions and an ISIL controlled building.
Unlike previous U.S. combat operations, no name had been given to the American intervention in Syria and Iraq until it was announced in mid-October that the operational name would be Inherent Resolve.
On 1 November, the U.S. carried out a 37th round of airstrikes with five airstrikes against ISIL targets in and around Kobanî.
In a 38th round of airstrikes on 2 November, the U.S. carried out seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Deir ez-Zor.
On 3 November, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 39th round of airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Deir ez-Zor.
In a 40th round of airstrikes on 4 and 5 November, the U.S. carried out six airstrikes in and around Kobanî and north of Sinjar just across the Iraq-Syria border.
Three airstrikes in and around Kobanî struck a small ISIL unit, two ISIL fighting positions, and an ISIL dump truck that was used in the construction of fighting positions.
One airstrike north of Sinjar destroyed an ISIL fighting position, used to launch mortar attacks, and struck a small ISIL unit manning the position.
On 6 and 7 November, the U.S. carried out a 41st round of airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Tell Abyad.
Seven strikes in and around Kobanî struck three small ISIL units, seven ISIL fighting positions, and destroyed an ISIL artillery piece.
In a 42nd round of airstrikes between 8 and 10 November, the U.S. carried out 23 airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Deir ez-Zor.
13 airstrikes conducted in and around Kobanî struck an ISIL vehicle and five small ISIL units, destroyed an ISIL-occupied building used as an ammunition stockpile, an ISIL command and control building, and seven ISIL fighting positions, as well as damaging two ISIL fighting positions.
In addition, eight airstrikes southeast of Deir ez-Zor damaged several structures of an ISIL oil collection facility, which was used to trans-load oil for the black market, while two airstrikes east of Deir ez-Zor damaged an ISIL oil collection point.
Between 11 and 12 November, the U.S. carried out a 43rd round of airstrikes with 16 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Deir ez-Zor, and near Al-Hasakah.
10 airstrikes conducted in and around Kobanî struck eight small ISIL units, damaged three ISIL fighting positions, and destroyed an ISIL logistics facility.
Four airstrikes near Deir ez-Zor damaged an ISIL crude oil collection facility, struck a small ISIL unit, and damaged an ISIL vehicle.
In a 44th round of airstrikes between 13 and 14 November, the U.S. carried out 20 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, east of Deir ez-Zor, west of Aleppo, and east of Raqqa.
17 airstrikes conducted in and around Kobanî struck ten ISIL units, destroyed 10 fighting positions, an ISIL controlled building, two ISIL vehicles, and an ISIL motorcycle.
One airstrike east of Raqqa destroyed an ISIL training camp and another airstrike east of Deir ez-Zor destroyed an ISIL oil collection point.
Between 15 and 17 November, the U.S. carried out a 45th round of airstrikes with 11 airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Deir ez-Zor.
Nine airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed seven ISIL fighting positions, suppressed an ISIL fighting position, destroyed four ISIL staging areas, and struck one tactical ISIL unit.
In a 46th round of airstrikes between 18 and 19 November, the U.S. carried out seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî, southeast of Al-Hasakah, and near Hazm.
Five airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed an ISIL fighting position, an ISIL staging area and three ISIL controlled buildings, suppressed two ISIL fighting positions, struck two tactical ISIL units, and a large ISIL unit.
One airstrike southeast of Al-Hasakah damaged a crude oil collection point operated by ISIL while another airstrike near Hazm struck and destroyed a storage facility associated with the Khorasan Group.
Between 20 and 21 November, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 47th round of airstrikes with seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Raqqa.
Six airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed four ISIL staging areas, two ISIL-controlled buildings, two ISIL tactical units, and suppressed an ISIL fighting position.
In a 48th round of airstrikes between 22 and 24 November, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out nine airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Raqqa.
Seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed three ISIL fighting positions along with two ISIL staging areas, damaged an ISIL staging area, and suppressed four ISIL fighting positions.
Between 25 and 26 November, the U.S. carried out a 49th round of airstrikes with 10 airstrikes in and around Kobanî striking an ISIL fighting position, a large ISIL unit, two tactical ISIL units, and destroying four ISIL staging areas and six ISIL fighting positions.
In a 50th round of airstrikes between 27 and 28 November, the U.S. carried out two airstrikes near Kobanî and Aleppo.
One airstrike near Kobanî struck an ISIL fighting position and an ISIL staging area while one airstrike near Aleppo struck a tactical ISIL unit.
Between 29 November and 1 December, the U.S. carried out a 51st round of airstrikes with 27 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Raqqa, and near Aleppo.
17 airstrikes near Kobanî destroyed two ISIL-occupied buildings, three ISIL tanks, three ISIL fighting positions, an ISIL armored personnel carrier, three ISIL vehicles and two ISIL staging areas.
Nine airstrikes near Raqqa struck an ISIL electronic warfare garrison, an ISIL military garrison, an ISIL headquarters building, an ISIL jamming system, an ISIL tank and 14 ISIL vehicles while one airstrike near Aleppo struck a target associated with the Khorasan Group.
In a 52nd round of airstrikes between 1 and 3 December, the U.S. carried out 14 airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroying an ISIL vehicle, 17 ISIL fighting positions, an ISIL staging area, and suppressed eight other fighting positions and stuck a large ISIL unit.
Between 4 and 8 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 53rd round of airstrikes with 15 airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Raqqa.
15 airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed four ISIL fighting positions, three ISIL-occupied buildings, two ISIL staging areas, two ISIL tanks, an ISIL motorcycle, a mortar, and struck eight tactical ISIL units along with two ISIL fighting positions.
In a 54th round of airstrikes between 9 and 10 December, the U.S. carried out seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî, destroying five ISIL fighting positions, striking three ISIL fighting positions, and striking a large ISIL unit.
Between 11 and 12 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 55th round of airstrikes with seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Aleppo, and near Al-Qa'im, Iraq.
One airstrike near Aleppo struck five ISIL-occupied buildings while another airstrike near Al-Qa'im on the Syrian border destroyed two ISIL fortifications.
In a 56th round of airstrikes between 13 and 15 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out nine airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Abu Kamal.
Eight airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed nine ISIL fighting positions, two ISIL-controlled buildings, and two ISIL staging positions as well as striking one ISIL fighting position.
Between 16 and 17 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 57th round of airstrikes with six airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Abu Kamal.
Five airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed an ISIL controlled building, one ISIL staging area, one ISIL bunker, and an ISIL mortar, and struck two ISIL tactical units, two additional buildings, and two ISIL fighting positions.
In a 58th round of airstrikes on 18 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out six airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroying seven ISIL fighting positions and an ISIL building, and struck a tactical unit.
On 19 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 59th round of airstrikes with four strikes in and around Kobanî and near Raqqa.
Three airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed two ISIL controlled buildings and an ISIL staging area as well as striking two ISIL tactical units.
In a 60th round of airstrikes on 20 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out five airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroying eight ISIL fighting positions.
On 21 December, the Coalition carried out a 61st round of airstrikes with three strikes in and around Kobanî destroying an ISIL staging position and two ISIL fighting positions as well as striking two ISIL fighting positions.
In a 62nd round of airstrikes on 22 December, the Coalition carried out 12 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Aleppo, near Al-Hasakah, and near Raqqa.
Six airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed six ISIL fighting positions and struck four ISIL fighting positions and an ISIL tactical unit.
Three airstrikes near Aleppo destroyed artillery equipment and struck 10 ISIL buildings; two airstrikes near Al-Hasakah destroyed an ISIL tactical vehicle, two ISIL trucks, a building, and two ISIL storage containers, and one airstrike near Raqqa destroyed an ISIL checkpoint complex.
Six airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed seven ISIL fighting positions, an ISIL building and struck several ISIL fighting positions and one airstrike near Barghooth struck ISIL oil collection equipment.
In a 64th round of airstrikes on 24 December, the Coalition carried out ten airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Deir ez-Zor, and near Raqqa.
Eight airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed five ISIL fighting positions, an ISIL building, an ISIL staging position, and struck three ISIL tactical units, an ISIL tactical vehicle and an ISIL fighting position.
One airstrike near Deir ez-Zor struck a crude oil collection point and another airstrike near Raqqa struck an ISIL weapons stockpile.
On 25 December, the Coalition carried out a 65th round of airstrikes with 15 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Al-Hasakah, and near Raqqa.
13 airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed three ISIL buildings, one vehicle, 17 ISIL fighting positions, two ISIL staging positions as well as striking two ISIL fighting positions, three large ISIL units and four ISIL tactical units.
One airstrike near Al-Hasakah struck an ISIL drilling tower and destroyed two support vehicles and another airstrike near Raqqa struck an ISIL assembly area.
In a 66th round of airstrikes on 26 December, the Coalition carried out four airstrikes in and around Kobanî, destroying three ISIL buildings and two ISIL vehicles.
On 29 December, the Coalition carried out a 67th round of airstrikes with 12 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Deir ez-Zor, and near Raqqa.
10 airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed 11 ISIL fighting positions, two ISIL buildings, and an ISIL storage container, and struck an ISIL tactical unit.
In a 68th round of airstrikes on 30 December, the Coalition carried out seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Deir ez-Zor.
Six airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed three ISIL buildings, damaged one ISIL building, and struck an ISIL tactical unit while one airstrike near Deir ez-Zor destroyed an ISIL shipping container.
On 31 December, the U.S. and coalition partners carried out a 69th round of airstrikes with seven airstrikes in and around Kobanî and near Al-Hasakah.
Five airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed five ISIL buildings and six ISIL fighting positions while two airstrikes near Al-Hasakah destroyed four oil derricks controlled by ISIL.
In a 70th round of airstrikes on 1 January, the Coalition carried out 17 airstrikes in and around Kobanî, near Deir ez-Zor, and near Raqqa.
13 airstrikes in and around Kobanî destroyed 12 ISIL controlled buildings, four ISIL fighting positions, one ISIL vehicle as well as striking two ISIL tactical units and two large ISIL units.
Two airstrikes near Raqqa destroyed five ISIL checkpoints and struck an ISIL staging area, while two airstrikes near Deir ez-Zor destroyed an ISIL fighting position and struck an ISIL shipping container.
On 21 February, Syrian Kurds launched an offensive to retake ISIL-held territories in the Al-Hasakah Governorate, specifically in the Tell Hamis area, with support from U.S. airstrikes.
In response, on 23 February, ISIL abducted 150 Assyrian Christians from villages near Tell Tamer in northeastern Syria, after launching a large offensive in the region.
As a result of ISIL's massive offensive in the west Al-Hasakah Governorate, the U.S.-led Coalition increased the number of airstrikes in the region to 10, on 24 February, in order to halt the ISIL advance.
On 26 February, the number of Assyrian Christians abducted by ISIL from villages in northeastern Syria from 23–25 February rose to at least 220, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a monitoring group based in Britain.
On 27 February, the Kurdish Democratic Union Party and Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that Kurdish fighters had recaptured the town of Tell Hamis, along with most of the villages occupied by ISIL in the region.
Many of the remaining ISIL militants retreated to Tell Brak, which quickly came under assault from the YPG and allied Arab fighters.
On 1 March 2015, YPG fighters, aided by U.S. airstrikes, were able to drive ISIL militants out of Tell Brak, reducing the ISIL occupation in the eastern Jazira Canton to the villages between Tell Brak and Tell Hamis.
On 6 March, it was reported that Abu Humam al-Shami, al-Nusra's military chief, was killed in a U.S. airstrike targeting a meeting of top al-Nusra leaders, at the al-Nusra Front's new headquarters at Salqin.
On 9 March, the U.S. carried out another airstrike on the al-Nusra Front, targeting a military camp near Atimah, close to the Turkish border in the Idlib Governorate.
On 24 March, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Canada would be looking to expand Operation Impact to include airstrikes against ISIL in Syria as well.
On 26 March, the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence announced the deployment of around 75 military trainers and headquarter staff to Turkey and other nearby countries in the anti-ISIL coalition, to assist with the U.S.-led training programme in Syria.
The programme was set to provide small arms, infantry tactics and medical training to Syrian moderate opposition forces for over three years.
On 30 March, the House of Commons of Canada authorized the extended deployment of its military for one year and to conduct operations related to the war in Syria.
On 8 April, Canada initiated airstrikes in Syria, with two CF-18 fighters bombing a former military installation of the Syrian government that was captured by ISIL, near its headquarters in Raqqa.
On 15 May, after surveillance by British special forces confirmed the presence of a senior ISIL leader named Abu Sayyaf in al-Amr, 1st SFOD-Delta operators from the Joint Special Operations Command based in Iraq conducted an operation to capture him.
The operation resulted in his death when he tried to engage U.S. forces in combat and the capture of his wife Umm Sayyaf.
UH-60 Black Hawk and V-22 Osprey helicopters were used to conduct the raid, and Umm Sayyaf was held by U.S. forces in Iraq.
U.S. air support, particularly from the 9th Bomb Squadron, was decisive in the YPG victory over ISIL in the Second Battle of Sarrin.
Following a 20 July suicide bombing in the Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, believed to have been carried out by ISIL militants, as well as an ISIL cross-border attack that killed a Turkish serviceman on 23 July, Turkish armour and aircraft struck ISIL targets in cross-border engagements in northern Syria.
On 21 August, three Islamic State fighters, two of United Kingdom nationality, were targeted and killed in Raqqa by a British Royal Air Force MQ-9 Reaper strike.
Prime Minister David Cameron gave a statement to Parliament that one of the British nationals targeted had been plotting attacks in the UK.
In October 2015, 50 U.S. special forces operators were deployed to northern Syria to help train and coordinate anti-ISIL forces in the region.
The introduction of Russian aircraft and ship based cruise missiles in support of the Syrian Government to Syrian airspace created new threats to the U.S.-led coalition.
On 20 October, Canada's Prime Minister-elect Justin Trudeau informed Barack Obama by phone of Canada's intention to pull out of bombing raids in Syria.
After deadly terror attacks in Paris conducted by jihadists, French President Francois Hollande sent France's only aircraft carrier, the Charles de Gaulle, with its 26 fighters to intensify air strikes.
On 27 November, SANA claimed that the coalition targeted water pumping stations in al-Khafsah area, east of Aleppo, causing them to go out of service.
Within hours, RAF Tornado jets carried out their first air strikes, targeting the al-Omar oil fields near Deir ez-Zor in eastern Syria, which were under ISIL control.
On 6 December, a Syrian Arab Army base at Deir ez-Zor was struck, killing at least one Syrian Arab Army soldier, with reports circulating that as many as four were killed, 13 wounded and two tanks destroyed.
Syria accused the U.S. of conducting the strike, however U.S. officials denied this, claiming instead that the bombing was a mistake by Russians.
On 4 March, a U.S.-led Coalition airstrike targeted Omar al-Shishani, ISIL's top field commander, who was travelling in a convoy near al-Shaddadi in northeastern Syria.
Also on 4 March, 100 ISIL militants assaulted Peshmerga lines in Syria; U.S. Navy SEAL Charles Keating IV helped the Peshmerga to repel the attack.
On 24 March, U.S. special operations forces conducted an operation with the intent of capturing Abd al-Rahman Mustafa al-Qaduli in Syria.
Al-Qaduli, then the 6th most wanted terrorist in the world and, according to analysts, the then-second-in-command of ISIL, acting as the group's finance minister and was involved in external plots; he also temporarily commanded ISIL after a commander was injured.
U.S. Special forces inserted by helicopter and laid in wait to intercept his vehicle; the operators attempted to capture him but the situation escalated and, at the last moment, they decided to fire on the vehicle instead, killing al-Qaduli and 3 other militants.
On 25 April, it was reported that U.S. President Barack Obama authorized the deployment of an additional 250 special operations soldiers to Syria.
In the following weeks, they are to join the 50 that are already in the country; their main aim is to advise, assist and expand the ongoing effort to bring more Syrian Arab fighters into units the U.S. supports in northern Syria to combat ISIL.
In late May 2016, more than a dozen U.S. special forces troops were seen in the village of Fatisah, less than north of Raqqa.
They were fighting near the front lines with the YPG and wearing both YPG and U.S. insignia on their military uniforms; the operators were helping call in fire support for local SDF forces and coordinating airstrikes from behind the front lines in their advance toward Raqqa.
Also in late May, a U.S. special forces operator was wounded north of Raqqa by indirect ISIL rocket or mortar fire.
The NSA captured the village that month and faced regular ISIL attacks; an ISIL SVBIED drove into the base and killed 11 members of the NSA and injuring 17 others.
The wounded were CASEVAC'd by U.S. helicopters to Jordan; the suicide attack damaged the structure of the al-Tanf base; British troops crossed over from Jordan to help them to rebuild their defences.
In the 24 hours since the start of offensive, 18 U.S. airstrikes destroyed ISIL headquarters buildings, weapons caches, training areas, six bridges and an unknown number of ISIL fighters were killed; 15 civilians were also reported killed.
It was the first time the U.S. Navy had conducted strike missions in the Middle East from the Mediterranean Sea since flying operations against the Iraqi military in 2003.
By 9 June, the U.S. Central Command said the Coalition had conducted more than 105 strikes in support of the SDF's advance; French special forces were offering training and advice to SDF fighters in the area and on 15 June, British special forces were also reported to be operating in the area.
Much of the SDF advance was made possible by Coalition air support, with airstrikes being directed by special forces personnel on the ground.
On 16 June, supposedly as part of Russia's campaign to pressure the U.S. to agree to closer cooperation over Syria, Russian military aircraft bombed, with cluster bombs, a military outpost in al-Tanf in southeast Syria that was garrisoned by the New Syrian Army (NSA); U.S. and British special forces based in Jordan regularly worked with Syrian rebels at the al-Tanf outpost.
After the airstrike took place, U.S. commanders warned Russia that the garrison was part of the international coalition against ISIL and therefore should not be attacked, but 90 minutes later, nearby U.S. warplanes observed Russian jets dropping a second barrage of bombs on the outpost, killing four rebel soldiers.
Moscow also claimed its air command headquarters in Syria was unable to call off the strikes because the U.S. had not given them the precise position of the outpost.
On 29 June, as part of the 2016 Abu Kamal offensive — the offensive by the Pentagon-trained New Syrian Army and several hundred other rebels from different factions that aimed to capture Abu Kamal and sever ISIL's transit link between Syria and Iraq — rebel forces entered the al-Hamdan air base — northwest of the border town Abu Kamal following intense clashes.
This followed significant advances into ISIL-held territory near the Abu Kamal border crossing, the NSA said it had captured a number of ISIL positions on the outskirts of Abu Kamal, but a raid on the town at dawn was reported to have been repelled by militants.
Fighting continued around the town, as coalition airstrikes were carried out on ISIL hideouts; the NSA also said it was coordinating the assault with Iraqi government forces, who were advancing on the border from the other side.
U.S. special forces had initially intended to accompany the offensive but the U.S. was still working on approving the proposal when Turkish units pushed across the border.
Abu Hajer al-Homsi was one of the founding members of the al-Nusra Front and had taken part in the Iraq War against the U.S. when he was part of the processor organization al-Qaeda in Iraq.
On 17 September, two U.S. A-10s, two Danish F-16s, and a UK Reaper drone mistakenly bombed a Syrian Army-controlled base in the ISIL-besieged city of Deir ez-Zor.
ISIL forces attacked immediately after the Coalition airstrike and took the strategically important elevation near Deir ez-Zor airbase: Tharda (Thurda) mountain.
According to Russian and Syrian government sources, SAA forces, supported by Russian and Syrian airstrikes, counterattacked and recaptured Tharda mountain by the end of the day, suffering additional losses, including one Syrian jet fighter.
The USAF immediately issued an official explanation - it was a navigation\intelligence mistake and bombing was stopped after Russian Air Force contact informed them about the SAA loses.
The Danish Air Force confirmed that their two F-16 fighters participated in the airstrike, insisting that operations stopped the split-second they received the message from the Russians and explaining it as a mistake and was regretting the losses.
Russia also called for a meeting of the United Nations Security Council over the airstrike and the U.S. temporarily ceased airstrikes in the area.
On 3 October, Ahmad Salama Mabruk, a senior al-Nusra Front and previously Egyptian Islamic Jihad commander, was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Jisr al-Shughur.
It was the first time a U.S. service member was killed in Syria since a contingent of SOF was deployed there in October 2015.
The airbase gave the U.S. an additional location for its aircraft to support the Coalition and other anti-ISIL forces, but it had been used by U.S. forces limitedly due to the condition of the runway which restricted what types of aircraft could land there.
General Carlton Everhart II, commander of U.S. Air Mobility Command, said that the base enabled aircraft to deliver critical supplies, equipment and help position forces; he added that airmen from the 621st group have supported anti-ISIL coalition forces on the ground in Syria.
On 4 December, it was reported that a U.S. airstrike in Raqqa killed three key ISIL leaders, two of whom (Salah Gourmat and Sammy Djedou) were involved in plotting the November 2015 Paris attacks.
On 8 December, during the 4th Palmyra offensive, U.S.-led Coalition warplanes bombed an ISIL convoy near Palmyra in central Syria and destroyed 168 trucks carrying petroleum.
On 10 December, it was reported that the U.S. was sending 200 more special operations personnel to Syria, joining the 300 U.S. special forces already in the country.
In particular, the troops will assist SDF forces in the ongoing Raqqa offensive; France also continues to have special operations units in the country.
On 31 December, a Coalition airstrike in Raqqa killed Mahmud al-Isawi, al-Isawi was an ISIL member who supported the organization's media and intelligence structure in Fallujah before relocating to Raqqa.
His role in the group was controlling the flow of instructions and finances between ISIL-held areas and ISIL leaders and provided support to propaganda and intelligence outlets; he was also known to have facilitated trans-regional travel with other ISIL external operations coordinators and had a close working and personal relationship with Abd al-Basit al-Iraqi, the emir of ISIL's Middle East attack network, according to the U.S. defense department.
On 1 January 2017, a United States drone strike killed Abu Omar al-Turkistani, a Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and Turkistan Islamic Party military commander, and three other JFS members near the town of Sarmada in the northern Idlib Governorate.
On 6 January, as part of the Raqqa offensive, SDF forces, supported by American special forces and international coalition aircraft, seized Qalaat Jaabar fortress after fierce fighting with ISIL jihadist fighters.
On 8 January, coalition forces conducted a landing operation onto the road between the villages of Jazra and Kabr in the western Deir ez-Zor Governorate from four helicopters.
The landing forces set up checkpoints on the road and raided a water plant in Kabr, where they killed and captured a number of ISIL fighters.
On 11 January, an air-to-surface missile launched from suspected U.S. aircraft hit a Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (JFS) convoy consisting of five vehicles and killed 14 JFS members.
On 17 January, separate U.S. airstrikes in the Idlib Governorate killed Mohammad Habib Boussaboun al-Tunisi and Abd al-Jalil al-Muslimi, two Tunisian al-Qaeda external operations leaders.
Also that day, it was reported that U.S. warplanes and combat advisers were supporting Turkish military units battling ISIL fighters in northern Syria, particularly at the Battle of al-Bab.
On 19 January, U.S. airstrikes by B-52 strategic bombers struck the former Syrian Army Sheikh Suleiman military base near Darat Izza, in western Aleppo, which was used by Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement.
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), between 22 September 2014 and 23 January 2017, U.S.-led Coalition airstrikes killed 7,043 people across Syria, of which: 5,768 dead were ISIL fighters, 304 al-Nusra Front militants and other rebels, 90 Syrian government soldiers and 881 civilians.
On 1 February, it was reported that the U.S.-led Coalition had conducted an airstrike on the Carlton Hotel in the city of Idlib, which local and NGO sources said was a Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) facility and which pro-government media said was used by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)'s former al-Nusra component for troop housing, and hosting meetings of prominent commanders.
The Coalition denied responsibility, although an investigation of open source materials confirmed a strike had occurred and that a SARC facility was damaged.
On 2 February, Sky News reported that Turkish aircraft killed 51 Islamic State fighters in the space of 24 hours in the areas of al-Bab, Tadef, Qabasin, and Bizaah.
On 3 February, U.S. airstrikes hit Jund al-Aqsa and Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) positions in Sarmin, near Idlib, and killed more than 12 militants.
On 4 February, a U.S. airstrike killed Abu Hani al-Masri, who was part of Ahrar al-Sham at the time of his death, but described by the Pentagon as a former al-Qaeda commander.
It was later revealed in May 2019 that the missile used in the airstrike was a Hellfire R9X, which has a kinetic warhead with pop-out blades, intended to reduce collateral damage.
On 8 March, various news outlets reported that regular U.S. troops, part of an amphibious task force, left their ships in the Middle East and deployed to Syria to establish an outpost from which they can provide artillery support for U.S.-backed local forces who were preparing to assault Raqqa in a battle to liberate the city from ISIL control.
The deployment marked a new escalation in the U.S.'s role in Syria and put more conventional U.S. troops on the ground, a role that, thus far, had primarily been filled by Special Operations units.
The ground force was part of the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit; 400 U.S. Marines from the Battalion Landing Team 1st Battalion, 4th Marines were tasked to crew an artillery battery of M777 howitzers whilst additional infantrymen from the unit will provide security.
A defense official with direct knowledge of the operation said the Marines were flown from Djibouti to Kuwait and then into Syria.
By then, there were 900 U.S. soldiers and Marines deployed to Syria in total (500 special forces troops were already on the ground to train and support the SDF); under the existing limits put in place by the Obama administration, the formal troop cap for Syria is 503 personnel, but commanders have the authority to temporarily exceed that limit to meet military requirements.
There were approximately 100 U.S. Army Rangers in Stryker vehicles and armored Humvees deployed in and around Manbij in northern Syria, U.S. officials said.
Officially, they were deployed there to discourage Syrian, Russian, or Turkish troops from making any moves that could shift the focus away from an assault on ISIL militants, specifically preventing them from inadvertently coming under fire.
The U.S. believed the pressure on ISIL in Raqqa was working – a U.S. official said that intelligence indicated some ISIL leadership and operatives were continuing to try to leave the city.
He added that there was also U.S. intelligence indicating the city was laced with trenches, tunnels, roadside bombs and buildings wired to explode, which, if correct, indicated that the U.S. was able to gather intelligence from both overhead surveillance aircraft and people on the ground.
On 16 March, a U.S. drone strike hit a mosque west of Aleppo and killed between 45 and 49 people, mostly civilians.
The location was assessed by the U.S. military as a meeting place for al-Qaeda and claimed that the airstrike hit a target across the mosque and was not targeted at the mosque itself.
On 22 March, hundreds of SDF fighters, with an undisclosed number of U.S. Special Operations troops operating as their advisers, launched a large-scale heliborne assault on ISIL around the area of the Tabqa Dam.
They were inserted on the southern bank of the Euphrates river behind ISIL's defenses to take them by surprise; Colonel Joe Scrocca, an OIR spokesman, said that as a result of the air insertion behind ISIL lines, the SOF-SDF force did not come under fire.
The following day, there was heavy fighting in the area; Col. Scrocca added that the ground forces were supported by helicopter gunships, U.S. Marine 155mm artillery and U.S. airstrikes.
The deadliest incident occurred in al-Mansoura, where local witnesses said at least 33 civilians were killed in a former school used to house displaced persons, although this was denied by the Coalition.
During the operation, U.S. forces killed four ISIL commanders and extracted a Jordanian spy who had infiltrated ISIL and served as one of its leaders.
CNN reported that the operation took place near Mayadin and that one of the ISIL commanders killed by U.S. forces was Abdurakhmon Uzbeki, a top facilitator and close associate of ISIL's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi; he was also connected to the 2017 New Year's nightclub bombing in Turkey.
On 7 April, in response to chemical weapon attacks (most notably the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack) against Syrian civilians allegedly by the Syrian government, the U.S. launched missile strikes on the airfield from which the chemical weapon attacks were allegedly launched.
The Russian Foreign Ministry denounced the attack as being based on false intelligence and against international law, suspended the Memorandum of Understanding on Prevention of Flight Safety Incidents that had been signed with the U.S., and called an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council.
On 8 April, ISIL militants attacked a U.S. garrison at al-Tanf in Southern Syria: the garrison's main gate was blown up with a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), followed by a ground assault of about 20-30 ISIL militants, some of whom were wearing suicide vests.
special operators″ at the base along with other coalition members and ″U.S.-backed Syrian fighters″, supported by multiple airstrikes, repelled the attack, with no American casualties.
CNN reported that on 11 April, a misdirected U.S. airstrike near Tabqa, during the ongoing Raqqa offensive, killed 18 SDF soldiers.
According to a U.S. defense official, before the strikes were conducted, government troops were warned they were getting too close to Coalition forces garrisoned at al-Tanf but did not respond.
On 8 June, a U.S. F-15E Strike Eagle aircraft shot down a drone and other aircraft destroyed two armed pick-up trucks belonging to pro-government forces that moved near U.S. backed fighters at al-Tanf.
On 18 June, a U.S. F/A-18E Super Hornet shot down a Syrian Su-22 after it allegedly bombed an SDF position in Ja'Din, south of Tabqa.
Across Iraq and Syria, Airwars tracked 223 reported Coalition airstrikes with civilian casualties during June 2017, likely killing a minimum of between 529 and 744 civilians (including at least 415 in Syria, mainly in Raqqa governorate, making it the second mostly deadly month for civilians since the strikes began in 2014.
Significant reported incidents included 3 June in Raqqa (20 civilians), 5 June (hitting civilians fleeing conflict), and 8 June in Raqqa (including reported white phosphorus use and a mosque hit).
On 21 August, U.S. forces in northern Syria were fired on by Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army units near Manbij, and returned fire in a short firefight.
On 29 August, following the Qalamoun offensive, ISIL militants were surrounded by Lebanese, Hezbollah and Syrian forces on both sides of the Lebanon–Syria border.
They negotiated a safe-passage deal so that 670 ISIL fighters and their relatives would be taken from the border in vehicles to Abu Kamal.
The U.S. military disapproved of the deal; Colonel Ryan Dillon, a spokesman for the U.S.-led coalition said the deal undermined efforts to fight the ISIL in Syria.
U.S. aircraft carried out airstrikes, blocking the road the ISIL convoy was travelling on, before it reached ISIL-occupied territory in Deir ez-Zor Governorate.
On 22 December, Australian Defense Minister Marise Payne said that Australia will end their air strikes against the Islamic State and recall its six Super Hornet aircraft.
Payne added that other Australian operations in the region would continue, with 80 personnel who are part of the Special Operations Task Group in Iraq, including Australian special forces, continuing their deployment.
Syrian state news corroborated the events, but insisted that the Kurdish forces were mixed in with ISIL forces; it also stated that ten Russian mercenaries were among those killed.
On 14 April, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the U.S., France, and the United Kingdom had decided to carry out a series of military strikes against the Syrian government.
On 1 May, the SDF, in coordination with the Iraqi Armed Forces, announced the resumption of their Deir ez-Zor offensive to capture the final ISIL enclaves near the Iraqi border and along the Euphrates.
One 21 June, the U.S.-led coalition conducted airstrikes against Syrian army positions in east of Homs, killing at least 1 Syrian soldier.
On 1 November, the Coalition began a series of joint patrols with the Turkish Armed Forces along the frontlines of the Kurdish-controlled Manbij region and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army's territory.
On 21 November, U.S. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis announced the U.S. would set up new observation posts along the Turkish border in northern Syria in order to reduce skirmishes between Turkish forces and armed Kurdish militants in the region such as the border clashes in late October-early November.
Mattis affirmed that it was a co-operational endeavor with Turkey and it will not require additional U.S. troops to be deployed to Syria.
Trump made the announcement on Twitter, overruling the recommendations of his military commanders and civilian advisors, with apparently no prior consultation with Congress.
Following Trump's surprise announcement, the Pentagon and State Department tried to change his mind, with several of his congressional and political allies expressing serious concerns about the sudden move, specifically that it would hand control of the region to Russia and Iran and abandon America's Kurdish allies.
CNN reported on 24 December that during the weeks before Trump's withdrawal announcement, national security advisor John Bolton told senior officials to meet directly with anti-ISIL coalition partners to assure them that America would remain in Syria until Iran had left.
Senator Lindsey Graham and a group of generals held a luncheon with the president over the withdrawal, Graham tweeted that Trump would seek a more gradual withdrawal over a course of several months; a slow down of the withdrawal was not officially confirmed by the administration at the time.
In December 2018, US President Donald Trump announced that US troops involved in the fight against the Islamic State (ISIS) in northeast Syria would be withdrawn imminently.
Many experts proposed that President Trump could mitigate the damage of his withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Syria by using Special Activities Center.
Already experienced in operations in Syria, the CIA has numerous paramilitary officers who have the skills to operate independently in harms way.
And while the CIA lacks the numbers to replace all 2,000 U.S. military personnel currently in Syria and work alongside the Syrian Democratic Forces (these CIA personnel are spread cross the world), but their model is based on fewer enablers and support.
On 6 January 2019, U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton, while on a trip to Israel and Turkey, said that the pullout of U.S. troops from Syria depended on certain conditions, including the assurance that the remnants of ISIL forces are defeated and Kurds in northern Syria were safe from Turkish forces.
On 10 January, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that the U.S. would withdraw its troops from Syria while continuing the battle against ISIL.
U.S. defense officials said it had begun the removal of equipment, but not yet troops, and that the total amount of U.S. soldiers in Syria may temporarily increase in order to provide security for the final pullout.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian welcomed what he believed was a slower, more effective withdrawal by the U.S. after pressure from its allies.
Between 30 December 2018 and 6 January 2019, the Coalition conducted 575 air and artillery strikes against ISIL in Syria; the strikes destroyed 105 ISIL mortar and rocket artillery units, 50 IED manufacturing sites, 26 vehicles, 19 weapons caches, and two UAV systems.
President Donald Trump reiterated his support for withdrawing American ground troops from both Syria and Afghanistan in a series of tweets on 1 February amid proliferating concerns among America's allies, politicians, analysts, and local activists over a feared power vacuum in Syria post-withdrawal.
A draft Pentagon report emerged on 1 February warning that ISIL could regain territory in Syria within a year following a U.S. disengagement from Syria.
On 5 February, CENTCOM commander General Joseph Votel noted during a Senate Armed Services Committee testimony that he had not been consulted prior to Trump's decision to withdraw American forces, reinforcing the notion that the U.S. withdrawal was ordered completely unilaterally from the White House without prior consultation with relevant military advisors and Defense Department personnel.
On 6 February, President Trump, while at a summit of 79 foreign ministers and officials that assisted in the global coalition against ISIL, predicted a formal announcement of a final victory against ISIL as early as the following week.
An Operation Inherent Resolve summary on Coalition activity between 27 January and 9 February detailed air and artillery strikes conducted in Iraq and Syria.
After the SDF's assault on Baghuz Fawqani began on 9 February, CENTCOM commander Joseph Votel told CNN on 11 February that ISIL losing physical territory does not mean the end of the organization.
Trump tweeted late on 16 February urging European countries to repatriate the over 800 captured suspected ISIL members from Syria, warning the U.S. may be forced to release them otherwise.
Britain has said its fighters can return only if they seek consular help in Turkey, while acknowledging repatriation was a dilemma.
On 23 March, the U.S.-backed SDF announced victory in the battle of Baghuz, signifying the territorial collapse of ISIL in Syria, a critical milestone for the U.S.-led Syrian intervention.
U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy stated that the physical caliphate was defeated but ISIL was not and that there were over 10,000 completely unrepentant fighters left in Syria and Iraq.
He expected the U.S. to be in Syria for the long haul with a very capable partner in the Syrian Democratic Forces.
He said that the U.S. partnership with the SDF was a model to follow, like the partnership with the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan to defeat the Taliban and with the Kurdish Peshmerga in Iraq as the northern front against Saddam Hussein.
U.S.-Turkish negotiations over joint troop patrols in a designated safe zone along the northern Turkish-Syrian border continued into late April as the UK and France rejected a plan to provide troops to a buffer zone between Rojava and Turkey, claiming their missions in Syria are only to fight ISIL.
With their troop numbers set to be cut to 1,000 in upcoming months, the U.S. reportedly prefers a narrower strip of land to patrol than the approximately 20 miles that Turkey has proposed.
The Turkish proposal reportedly saw push back as the Americans prefer to avoid a situation that effectively pushes the Turkish border 20 miles into Syria, further increasing the chances of clashes with the Kurds instead of reducing it.
The report argued that the U.S. should step up attempts to isolate Assad and counter Iranian influence in the region; it also argued that the U.S. should take in more Syrian refugees, the admittance of which the Trump administration has reduced from thousands to just a few dozen in recent years.
The report further underlined the differing views between the president and comparatively more hawkish Congress on what direction to take the U.S.'s commitments in the country.
On 30 June 2019, in a rare operation against non-ISIL elements, the U.S. carried out a strike against an al-Qaeda in Syria (AQ-S) leadership meeting at a training facility west of Aleppo, which killed eight jihadists from the Guardians of Religion Organization, including six commanders: two Tunisians, two Algerians, an Egyptian and a Syrian.
It was the first known coalition strike in western Syria since February 2017 due to the U.S. and Russia arranging an unofficial deconfliction boundary that largely bars any substantial U.S. forces from venturing into the region.
In July, U.S. special anti-ISIL envoy James Jeffrey continued to urge Britain, France and Germany to assist the U.S.'s ground mission in Syria.
During a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing, Deputy Secretary of Defense for the Middle East Michael Mulroy stated that the SDF has over 2,000 foreign terrorist fighters in custody from over 50 countries—in which they spend quite a bit of time, effort and resources taking care of—and that the U.S. has pushed these countries to take back their citizens.
The number of American nationals who joined ISIL on the battlefield is small compared to countries like France and the UK, where several hundred foreign fighters traveled from.
On 7 August 2019, the U.S. and Turkey reached a framework deal to jointly implement a demilitarized buffer zone in the areas between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers—excluding the Manbij area—in northern Syria.
Terms of the deal include joint U.S.-Turkish ground patrols, the relocation of some Syrian refugees into the area, and the withdrawal of heavily armed YPG and YPJ forces and fortifications from the Syria–Turkey border, leaving the areas under SDF military council rule instead.
On 31 August, in a second attack against non-ISIL militants in western Syria since June 30, the U.S. carried out a series of airstrikes on a Rouse the Believers Operations Room meeting between Kafriya and Maarrat Misrin, killing over 40 Guardians of Religion militants, including several leaders.
The sudden withdrawal proved controversial as U.S. Congress members of both parties sharply denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator Lindsey Graham and Mitch Mcconnell.
They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied Kurds, and would only benefit ISIL, Turkey, Russia, Iran and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.
After the U.S. pullout, Turkey launched its ground offensive into Kurdish-controlled areas in northeast Syria on 9 October, spelling the collapse of the Turkey–U.S.
Hours later, the Kurdish forces, concluding that it would help save Kurdish lives, announced an alliance with the Syrian government and its Russian allies, in a united effort to repel the Turkish offensive.
On 25 October, Mark Esper confirmed the U.S. had partially reversed its Syria pullout and that the U.S. had a new dedicated mission to guard and secure Syrian oil and gas fields and infrastructure, assisted by the deployment of mechanized infantry units.
On 26 October 2019, U.S. Joint Special Operations Command's (JSOC) 1st SFOD-D (Delta Force) conducted a high-profile raid into Idlib Governorate near the border with Turkey that resulted in the death of ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
By November, there had been a steady flow of pictures and videos online showing U.S., Syrian, and Russian forces passing by each other in northern Syria.
On 3 November, a U.S. convoy came within one kilometer of a Turkish-backed rebel artillery strike near Tell Tamer, with no U.S. personnel injured.
The Pentagon also insisted that the revenue from the Syrian oil fields the U.S. is protecting will go to the SDF, not the U.S., despite President Trump raising the possibility in late October of American oil companies taking over the oilfields.
The report assessed that Turkey's incursion impacted the U.S.'s relationship with the Syrian Kurds, greatly shifted the balance of power in north Syria, and disrupted CJTF-OIR and SDF counter-terrorism operations to the point of giving ISIL ample room to quickly resurge.
The report, like the Syria Study Group's May 2019 report, further underscored the differing attitudes of the Trump White House and the intelligence community on the state of the intervention.
Local sources reported that a team of 15 Egyptian and Saudi engineers and technicians arrived at the al-Omar oil field in Deir ez-Zor on 13 December, reportedly tasked by the U.S. with enhancing oil production at the field and training locals to observe oil productivity in the area.
On 18 January, U.S. troops blocked a Russian convoy from entering Rmelan, where the U.S. is protecting oil fields under SDF control.
Tension occurred between the two groups as U.S. soldiers asked the Russian soldiers to return to the Amuda district in northwest of Al-Hasakah Governorate.
Tensions between Russian and American forces continued to grow as U.S. troops again blocked a Russian convoy from using a main road to between two Kurdish-held towns on 21 January.
On 23 January, in regards to ISIL activity in Iraq and northeastern Syria, ambassador James Jeffrey stated there was no uptick in violence following the U.S. drone strike in Baghdad on 3 January that killed an Iranian general.
Manuel Marrero Cruz (born 11 July 1963), also known as Manuel Marrero, is a Cuban politician currently serving as the 19th Prime Minister of Cuba, and the first since Cuba resurrected the office of the Prime Minister in December 2019 after the 43-year abolishment of the position from 1976 to 2019.
A member of the Communist Party of Cuba, Marrero served as the country's long-time Minister of Tourism from 2004 until his appointment to the office of Prime Minister in 2019.
Following the 2019 Cuban constitutional referendum, the office of Prime Minister of Cuba was reinstated for the first time since Fidel Castro occupied it in 1976.
President Miguel Díaz-Canel formally nominated Marrero to serve as Prime Minister, and his nomination as PM was unanimously ratified by 594 deputies of the National Assembly.
Michael J. Capanegro (May 17, 1927 – March 17, 2004) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from Queens's 8th district from 1961 to 1965.
The 1928 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Ever since statehood South Dakota had been solidly Republican apart from when supporting Populist-backed William Jennings Bryan by an exceedingly narrow 0.22% margin in 1896.
However, the state had been one of the strongest for insurgent Robert M. La Follette senior in 1924, and after La Follette died six months following that election his family would endorse New York City Catholic Democrat Al Smith rather than any Republican.
In the more Catholic states of North Dakota and Wisconsin, this endorsement would have a major effect in reviving a largely moribund Democratic Party at a presidential level, although it was not adequate to give Smith those states’ electoral votes.
In less Catholic and more Ozark-settled and Methodist South Dakota, anti-Catholicism was a powerful force in most areas and as a result Smith’s gain on Davis’ vote was much less, with the exception of a few powerfully pro-La Follette German Lutheran counties whose voters were lured by Smith’s opposition to Prohibition.
Smith was the first ever Democrat to win McPherson County, but South Dakota still voted for Republican nominee Herbert Hoover by a margin of 20.98%, which made it 3.56% more Republican than the nation at-large in a major landslide.
Kazakhstan performed 4th in the final on 21 December 2013, placing 9th in a field of 12 countries with 178 points.
In 2018, Ho received the L'Oréal-UNESCO International Rising Talent Award in recognition of her work toward developing a predictive model estimating the risk of breast cancer for Southeast Asian women.
Ho attended Northumbria University from 2002 to 2005 and graduated with a Bachelor of Science with Honours (BSc(Hons)) degree in Mathematics.
Ho's first postdoctoral research experience was at the National Institute for Health Research, where she applied advanced mathematic methodology to child speech and development studies and trained health professionals in the use of statistical methods.
From January 2011 to April 2013, Ho worked as a medical and genetic statistician at the University of Cambridge Department of Public Health and Primary Care.
A month later, in June 2013, she joined the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus as an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and was promoted to associate professor in 2017.
While having only one of these variations typically results in little to no effect on an individual's health, inheriting a combination of these variations could be detrimental for breast cancer risk.
Thus, the goal of Ho's current research is to determine which combination of variations associated with breast cancer risk will result in the greatest predicted breast cancer risk.
Ho's research utilizes research led by her friend and colleague Teo Soo Hwang, the CEO of Cancer Research Malaysia, the largest breast cancer study in Malaysia.
The motivation behind Ho's research is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of breast cancer screening in Malaysia, where the number of breast cancer cases are expected to increase by 50% in the next decade.
By identifying women with a greater risk of developing breast cancer, Ho hopes to establish a more personalized, patient-centered breast cancer screening program.
She was awarded the L'Oréal-UNESCO Malaysia For Women in Science Fellowship for her work in 2017, and named a L'Oréal-UNESCO International Rising Talent in 2018.
The Montenegro national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national representative for Montenegro in international under-16 and under-17 basketball tournaments.
Middle Spring Creek is a tributary of the Conodoguinet Creek in Franklin and Cumberland counties in Pennsylvania in the United States.
Sallay Mahomet (16 September 1911 – 15 July 1983), sometimes spelled Saleh, was an Afghan Cameleer and camel trainer who spent much of his life in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory.
Mahomet is best remembered for helping train Robyn Davidson for her 1977 camel expedition which is documented in her book 'Tracks'.
Mahomet was the son of Afghan Cameleer Gool Mahomet and his wife, former French prostitute, Desiree Ernestine Adrienne Lesire who, following her marriage and conversion to Islam changed her name to MIriam Bebe.
He was the couples first child, born at Coolgardie, Western Australia on 16 September 1911, and his family moved around Australia for much of his childhood and early adulthood.
In 1931 Mahomet stopped travelling as much as he had when his father leased, and later purchased, Mulgaria Station in South Australia and he worked there for many years; taking over the management of it following his fathers death in 1950.
In 1947 Mahomet married Australian woman Iris in two ceremonies; first a Muslim-Afghan ritual at the Adelaide Mosque (where he was Mullah) and then, on the same day, a christian ceremony.
Mahomet had an active Muslim faith for all of his life and, for many years he and his father Gool paid the rates and taxes for the impoverished Adelaide Mosque.
In 1962 Mahomet sold the station and moved to Alice Springs in 1963, where he established the 'Mahomet Trucking Company' with his three sons.
In Alice Springs Mahomet became a leader of the Islamic community in Alice Springs: a community made up primarily of descendants of the Afghan Cameleers.
In 1975, following an unexpected phone call, Mahomet was asked to represent the Australian Government, then led by Gough Whitlam, on a trip to Saudi Arabia where he would present King Faisal with camels.
Whitlam hoped that this gift would link these two countries in a 'cultural cousinship' and that this wealthy Arab nation would loan Australia money.
On his return from this trip Mahomet sold his trucking company and established the Alice Springs Camel Farm as camels were becoming a popular tourist attraction in Alice Springs.
One of his students was Robyn Davidson who intended (and succeeded) in completed a solo overland journey with camels across the Gibson Desert and to the Pacific Ocean.
Mahomet trained Davidson for more than a year and provided her with two of the camels (Kate and Zeleika) that would accompany her on the journey.
During this journey Davidson said that she would often recall Mahomet's advice and warnings; especially when faced with the ferocity of in season wild camels eyeing her herd.
Prema Rajya is a 2001 Indian Kannada romantic action film co-written and directed by V. R. Baskar starring Ambareesh, Devaraj, Radha, Jaggesh, Abhishek and Anju in the lead roles.
The Montenegro national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national representative for Montenegro in international under-18 and under-19 basketball tournaments.
Ahead of the 2005 he went on to Aalesunds FK, in the summer of 2006 to FK Haugesund, and in the summmer of 2008 to FK Mjølner.
The 2019–20 Toledo Rockets men's basketball team represent the University of Toledo during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Rockets, led by tenth-year head coach Tod Kowalczyk, play their home games at Savage Arena, as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference.
The headwaters of the Nishisackawick begins in forested wetlands in Alexandria Township and it flows through Camp Marudy Lake, past Camp Marudy, and through Everittstown on its way southwest past farms and developed land joins the Delaware at Frenchtown.
The Little Nishisakawick springs from wetlands in Kingwood Township and flows approximately 4 miles southwest through mostly agricultural land gently dropping to the Delaware River.
The Sound of Barra is a large ocean inlet or sound situated to the north of the isle of Barra and to the south of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides in Scotland.
It is a Site of Community Importance (SCI), having been proposed by Scotland and adopted by the European Commission but not yet formally designated by the government as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC).
The Sound of Barra is composed of 98.91% marine and inlet areas, 1.07% mudflats and other semi-submerged areas and 0.02% sea cliffs and islets.
There is a ferry service across the sound from Ardmore (Scottish Gaelic: Aird Mhòr) on Barra to Ceann a' Ghàraidh on the island of Eriskay.
The primary reasons for its status as a SAC are the benefits to marine conservation of its sandbanks and reefs with their diverse flora and including maerl and other red algae, kelp communities and fauna such as barnacles and mussels and the presence of harbour seals also being a qualifying feature.
A 12 week consultation process was undertaken by Scottish National Heritage on behalf of the Scottish Government in the autumn of 2011 with two public meetings to be held in Castlebay on Barra and on Eriskay as well as inviting submissions by letter and e-mail.
Harihokake Creek (once known as Cakceahocake Creek) is a tributary of the Delaware River in Hunterdon County, New Jersey in the United States.
Hakihokake Creek (also known as Quequacommissacong Creek or Milford Creek) is a tributary of the Delaware River in Hunterdon County, New Jersey in the United States.
The Hakihokake's headwaters begins in the Musconetcong Mountains in forested wetlands in Holland and Alexandria townships and runs southwest through Sweet Hollow and Little York before joining the Delaware River just upstream of its sister tributary Harihokake Creek at Milford.
The theme of the album is to remind people of the value of becoming primary resources of the land on which they live and that people maintain and retain the resources so that everyone in Hawai‘i will benefit.
It was produced, mixed and mastered by Dave Tucciarone in Honolulu, Hawaii, and co-produced by Kalani Pe'a and his partner Allan B.
Some of the featured musicians and vocalists on the album are Amy Hānaialiʻi Gilliom, Ho'okena, Moon Kauakahi, Willie K, Aaron Salā, Aiau Koa, Casey Olsen, Imua Garza and Wailau Ryder.
Robert David Moir (2 April 1961 – 20 December 2019) was an Australian-born medical research scientist who theorized that the over-accumulation of beta-amyloid, which had formed to protect the brain against microbes, aided the development of Alzheimer's disease in the human brain.
He was born in Kojonup in Western Australia to Terrence and Mary Moir who were farmers and had three siblings, Margaret, Andrew and Catherine.
He said he only learnt to read and write at age twelve but became an avid reader of all things scientific.
On completion of high school, he studied biochemistry at the University of Western Australia with one of his microbiology lecturers being Nobel Prize winner Dr Barry Marshall, who discovered that H. pylori cause ulcers.
Moir immigrated to the United States in 1994 to work in Dr Rudolph Tanzi's laboratory at Harvard University as an Alzheimer’s biochemist.
He continued working for Tanzi as a post-doctoral fellow and would eventually become an assistant professor in neurology at Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital and his own laboratory at the institution.
In 2007 he came across a research article about an antimicrobial peptide called LL37 that killed viruses, fungi and bacteria in the brain and which he thought could be a twin of the beta-amyloid, another antimicrobial.
Tanzi's work at the time focused on genes that increased the risk of getting Alzheimer’s disease and the inbuilt ability of some to fight germs so Moir proposed that beta-amyloid might have an anti-microbial effect in Alzheimer's.
The theory was that the beta-amyloid creates a plaque that captures the dangerous microbes and protects the brain but too much build-up of the plaque could become toxic and cause Alzheimer’s disease to develop.
Tanzi encouraged Moir to continue research into the use of beta-amyloids to kill pathogens, funding it out of the former's research funding.
Testing proved the theory in live Alzheimer's mice and he then attempted to publish in six journals in 2014 but was rejected by peers.
When the research article was published in 2016, it was regarded as one of the top five advances in Neurology for that year.
Moir struggled for many years to obtain funding for his research, like many in his field, as those reviewing funding applications and those vetting papers for possible publication, viewed alternative explanations for the cause of Alzheimer's Disease as wrong.
Attempting another request for a grant from the NIH in 2018 for further research into the herpes virus and Alzheimer's was rejected before money was found in early 2019.
Rob had three children; Alexander Moir, with his first wife Elena Vaillancourt, and Maxwell and Holly with his wife, Julie Alperen .
He was restored in the Red Army and in November 1939, he was appointed chief of staff of the Kharkov Military District.
After the start of Operation Barbarossa, the 67th Rifle Corps became in July 1941 part of the 21st Army of the Western Front and under the command of Zhmachenko, participated in the Rogechev-Zhlobin Offensive Operation (or Battle of Babruysk).
With his Army, he fought in the Battle of Kiev (1943), Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive, Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, Bucharest-Arad Offensive, Battle of Debrecen, Siege of Budapest, Banská Bystrica and Bratislava–Brno Offensive, Prague Offensive, and the liberation of Romania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
Zhmachenko was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for crossing the Dnieper River and holding the bridgehead south of Kiev.
Since 1949, he was the deputy commander of the Belarusian Military District and in November 1953 of the Carpathian Military District.
Rezky Ikhwan (born on June 21, 1993) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for TIRA-Persikabo in the Liga 1.
Il Ruggiero (full name: Il Ruggiero ovvero L'eroica gratitudine) is an opera in three acts composed by Johann Adolph Hasse to a libretto by Pietro Metastasio.
It was first staged on 16 October 1771 for the wedding of Archduke Ferdinand Karl with Maria Beatrice d'Este in the Teatro Regio Ducale, Milan.
It was both Metastasio's last libretto and Hasse's last opera, as well as the thirty-second Metastasio libretto Hasse had set to music.
Ottone reports the arrival in Paris of the Greek emperor Leone, who wishes to woo Bradamante, although Clotilde has long been in love with Leone herself.
Leone reveals that Ruggiero fought in his place, and asks forgiveness for his mistakes – before he fell in love with Bradamante, he had already promised his heart to Clotilde.
Metastasio had previously written a first version of the libretto at the request of Empress Maria Theresa for the marriage of Marie Antoinette with the future Louis XVI on May 16, 1770.
It was this wedding which inspired the theme of the opera, with its setting in Paris and its focus on courtly love.
Metastasio did not feel able to discharge this commission well, and only reluctantly agreed to do so out of a sense of duty to the empress.
The following year, at the wedding of her son Ferdinand to Maria Beatrice d'Este, she ordered Metastasio to revise it for performance on October 16, 1771 in Milan.
Her favorite composer Hasse, who had been associated with the imperial court for over thirty years, was commissioned to compose the music.
Hasse's setting relied on extensive recitatives, which may not have helped, and his use of an expanded wind section and timpani to create a festive quality in the music was to no avail.
The main roles in both works were taken by the soprano Antonia Maria Girelli Aguilar, the castrato Giovanni Manzuoli and the tenor Giuseppe Tibaldi.
On January 20, 1772, there was a follow-up performance at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples, for which Hasse slightly revised the score.
The only other settings of Metastasio's libretto were by Antonio Gandini in 1820 and a version produced in Naples in 1838 with music by Samuel Holmes.
The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and it is competed between 15 teams, the winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending of the result of a promotion play-off that is disputed against a winner of the neighboring counties series.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, the Romanian Football Federation proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
The structure and organisation of Liga IV Alba along with other county football leagues have undergone frequent changes right up to the present day.
After completing her education at Makerere University in Kampala, she moved back to Kenya worked as a teacher.She retired from teaching in the 1980's to pursue arts professionally.
Muhammad Rizky Eka Pratama (born on December 24, 1999) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a winger for PSM Makassar in the Liga 1.
The documentary is an insight into a simple man named L Narayan Reddy, who remains steadfast and true to his beliefs in the midst of awards, popularity, wealth, and the materialistic new-age lifestyle.
He is an octogenarian organic farmer, imparting knowledge on environment-friendly agriculture gained from decades of practice to people from all walks of life.
Paul-Gustave van Hecke (27 December 1887, Ghent - 23 February 1967, Ixelles) was a Belgian journalist, author, art collector and promoter, couturier, and organizer of film festivals.
After his father's death, in 1897, Paul Verbauwen (1844-1926), one of the leaders of the Ghent Worker's Party, became his guardian.
By 1909, this had led to the foundation of the Flemish Association for Theater and Performing Arts, with as its Artistic Director and Van Hecke as its Secretary.
For the first time, he was making a considerable amount of money, which resulted in the establishment of a publishing house, three magazines and an art gallery.
It was a richly illustrated magazine that catered to popular tastes and current styles; although it included works by such noted artists as James Ensor, Wassily Kandinsky, Giorgio de Chirico and Max Ernst, as well as Van Hecke's friends.
At this time, he also developed an interest in Surrealism, which led him to provide support for René Magritte, Paul Delvaux and, years later, Marcel Mariën.
The 1930s depression brought an end to many of these enterprises and he was forced to sell off his private collection to save Le Couturier Norine.
In 1943, he joined with Angèle Manteau to set up and manage the French language division of her publishing house, Éditions Lumière.
The festival's second edition took place in Knokke in 1949, in conjunction with a modern art exhibit at the local casino.
In 1950, he became Director-General of the Société des Cinémas Pathé and managed several movie theaters in Brussels, including the .
Ocvian Chanigio (born on October 16, 1999) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for PSS Sleman in the Liga 1.
In the 200 metres he reached the semi-final at the 2010 African Championships, at the 2011 All-Africa Games and the 2012 African Championships.
His personal best times are 20.92 seconds in the 200 metres, achieved in July 2011 in Nairobi; and 46.27 seconds in the 400 metres, achieved in July 2012 in Kumasi.
Riyatno Abiyoso (born on January 18, 1999) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a winger for Persela lamongan in the Liga 1.
The mountain hosts many granite spires with names like The High Priest, The Boxtop, Flake Tower, Comet Spire, Razorback Spire, The Meteor, The Professor, Lighthouse Tower, Black Pyramid, and the most recognizable Prusik Peak.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving  deposits of rock debris.
The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.
Cosme Damian Racines Almedilla (born September 27, 1959) was a Roman Catholic bishop who is currently the Bishop of the Diocese of Butuan.
Almedilla was ordained to the priesthood in August 4, 1987, and was appointed as bishop of the Diocese of Butuan since March 25, 2019.
Prosecutor Pierre Bézard, against the judge legal advice and under a direct written order from the French Ministry of Justice, orders a dismissal of the case which is acted on 16 June 1989.
Muhammad Ridwan (born on June 13, 2000) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a striker for PSIS Semarang in the Liga 1.
A copper plate inscription dating to the eighth year of the reign of Nriputunga Varman was unearthed in Bahour in 1879.
The inscription in both Sanskrit and Tamil describes a grant of income from three villages to a seat of learning at Bahour.
The Skull of Alum Bheg: The Life and Death of a Rebel of 1857, is a book by Kim A. Wagner, a lecturer on colonial India and the British Empire.
It was published in 2017 by C. Hurst & Co., and is based on the life of Havildar Alum Bheg, a sepoy of the 46th Regiment of the Bengal Native Infantry, who following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and being said to have killed a British missionary family in Punjab, was executed by the British by being blown from a cannon.
His skull was taken to England as a trophy and was discovered in the Lord Clyde pub in Walmer, Kent, in 1963.
The Natural History Museum confirmed its likely authenticity and Wagner, with little evidence to go on, traced Bheg's history using various sources including letters written by the relatives and friends of Bheg's alleged victims.
Wagner traces the story of Havildar Alum Bheg, also called Alim Beg, a sepoy of the 46th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, who following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and being said to have killed the Britons, surgeon James Graham, missionary Thomas Hunter and Hunter's wife and daughters in Punjab, was executed by the British by being blown from a cannon.
In 1963, the skull was found in the Lord Clyde pub in Walmer, Kent and remained there until it was given to Wagner in 2014, by the pub's owners.
He took possession (at the head of a small party) of the road leading to the fort, to which place all the Europeans were hurrying for safety.
Alum Bheg was about 32 years of age; 5 feet 7 ½ inches high and by no means an ill looking native.
The pub's owners had felt uneasy keeping the skull and sought the expertise of Wagner after hearing about his research on the British Empire.
The Natural History Museum confirmed its likely authenticity and Wagner, with little evidence to go by, traced Bheg's history using letters written by the relatives and friends of Bheg's alleged victims.
Wagner confirmed that Alum Bheg was present at the rebellion at Sialkot, British India, in July 1857, an event about which little has been written.
The absence of Alum Bheg from historical records led Wagner to narrate an account of thousands of Indian soldiers like Bheg, who revolted in 1857.
At Sialkot there was … no lynching of isolated sahibs, no sexual attack on memsahibs and no mutilation of their corpses.
The book includes a chapter on the colonial method of blowing from a cannon, a form of punishment designed to shatter bodies, making traditional funeral rites impossible for both Hindus and Muslims.
The Tengku Permaisuri of Selangor is the title given to the royal consort of the Sultan of Selangor that are not of royal blood.
According to the Laws of the Constitution of Selangor 1959, the consort of the Sultan that are not of royal blood may be given the title Tengku Permaisuri of Selangor if she fulfilled certain criteria.
She must be legally wedded wife of the Sultan in accordance with Muslim religion, a Malay and professed the Muslim religion.
She is entitled to an amount of allowance that are determined by the Selangor State Legislative Assembly, which will be charged under the Consolidated Fund.
Austroblechnum is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The 2019 DTM Misano round is a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 8 and 9 June 2019.
The event, part of the 33rd season of the DTM, was held at the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli in Italy.
Jamie Green was forced to sit out the event with appendicitis, and would be replaced with Audi Sport Team WRT driver Pietro Fittipaldi.
The 1920 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 2, 1920 as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated.
The 1918 mid-term elections had seen the Midwestern farming community largely desert the Democratic Party due to supposed preferential treatment of Southern farmers: Democratic seats in the Midwest fell from thirty-four to seventeen, whilst Scandinavian-Americans were also vigorously opposed to entering the war.
Much more critical for German-Americans was the view that outgoing President Woodrow Wilson was deliberately trying to punish Germany and Austria for starting the war, especially via his disregard for the United Kingdom's continuing blockade of Germany.
Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio and the Democratic Party former Ohio governor James M. Cox, a further blow to the Democrats occurred when the national economy suffered a major downturn following the wartime boom, resulting in plummeting agricultural prices that were especially problematic in the Midwest.
A poll by the giant Rexall drug store chain – which in 1916 had been accurate enough to predict Wilson's razor-thin wins in New Hampshire and California – suggested Harding would win 382 electoral votes, and at the end of October, although no more opinion polls had been published, most observers were even more convinced that the Republicans would take complete control of all branches of government.
So unpopular was Wilson that – although South Dakota was the only Plains state Wilson had lost in 1916 – Cox lost over half the Wilson vote from that election, and lost every county.
In fact, Non Partisan League candidate Parley Parker Christensen finished second ahead of Cox in twenty-nine counties and was only 1,231 votes behind the Democratic candidate in South Dakota as a whole.
Aided by German Lutheran hostility towards Prohibition, Christensen gained over 41 percent in Hutchinson County, and over thirty percent in three other East River counties.
Blechnopsis is a small genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Club Omnisport de La Police Nationale, commonly known as COSPN or COSPN Analamanga, is a Malagasy basketball club based in Antananarivo, Analamanga.
In December 2018, COSPN qualified for the 2018–19 Africa Basketball League after defeating Premium Cobras from the Seychelles in the Zone 7 qualification.
Bernried station () is a railway station in the municipality of Bernried am Starnberger See, located in the Weilheim-Schongau district in Bavaria, Germany.
After he was also taught by him in Hamburg, he went to Heilbronn in 1895 and then to the German Opera in Amsterdam, which soon disbanded.
He joined Notodden FK in 2009, Vindbjart FK in 2010 and last played in IK Start from November 2012 to 2014.
The Hausberg is with 1335 m above sea level the Hausberg of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, Germany and is especially popular for hiking and mountain bike tours and in winter for skiing, as it is also part of the skiing area Garmisch.
Since 2002, the event site at the foot of the Hausberg has hosted the BMW Motorrad Days every first weekend in July.
He was also looked up to by his schoolmates for his talents in singing, dancing, playing music instruments, and writing poems.
In 2017, Miranda auditioned and passed the initial screenings of Star Magic, the training and management subsidiary of ABS-CBN, but was later dropped by the management due to absences.
His absences were a result of him being an introvert which made it hard for him to try his luck in the entertainment industry, an idea of his sister.
However, in June of the same year, with the help of his manager, he signed a deal with GMA Artist Center, the talent agency of GMA Network.
The candidates with the highest number of votes in each district, depending on the number of members the district sends, are elected.
provincial president; the municipal and city (if applicable) presidents<nowiki> </nowiki>of the Association of Barangay Captains, Councilor's League and Sangguniang Kabataan, shall elect amongst themselves their provincial presidents which shall be their representatives at the board.
Under the Nazi regime, Lemle was briefly interned in the Buchenwald concentration camp until he was released through the efforts of the Joint Distribution Committee who assisted Lemle in migrating to the United Kingdom.
He subsequently migrated to Brazil where his rabbinic career included his position as rabbi to the liberal Jewish community in Rio de Janeiro.
He was one of the first influx of foreign professional players in Iceland during the 1970s and in 1978 he led Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur to the Icelandic championship.
He was the head coach of Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne men's basketball team from 1987 to 1996, amassing 144 wins.
On 20 October 1977, he scored 28 points in KR's largest ever victory against arch-rivals ÍR in the pre-season Reykjavík Basketball Tournament.
On 22 October he scored 50 points against ÍS in the last game of the tournament, helping KR clinching the tournament title for the second year in a row.
Piazza caused a minor controversy during the championship celebrations when he cut down the net from one of the baskets, a well known custom in the United States but unheard of in Iceland, with Laugardalshöll officials threatening to bar the forthcoming Icelandic Cup finals game to take place on the court if KR would not reimburse them for the destroyed net.
He finished 5th in the league in scoring during the season, with 325 points in 14 points for an average of 23.2 points per game.
After retiring from playing, Piazza coached at Delta College and Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne, where his 144 wins from 1988 to 1996 still stands as the most in program history.
Kulung (Wurkum) is a minor West Chadic language of Karim Lamido LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria that was recently discovered by Roger Blench.
Kulung speakers consider themselves to be ethnically part of the larger Jarawan Bantu-speaking Kulung, although their language is West Chadic and related to Piya.
These locomotives were built by a consortium of Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Toshiba (The Japanese Group, as attested by a plaque fixed on their sides) as a second option to the Europeans WAM-1.
They were delivered in 1960 and were a bit lower powered than the WAM1 but had similar Bo-Bo wheel arrangement (4 wheels per bogie) with four Mitsubishi DC traction motors connected to the wheels permanently in parallel through a WN geared drive.
38 of these were produced in two batches with the initial batch of 10 locos having air brakes for the loco and vacuum train brakes, and the second batch of 26 having only vacuum brakes.
Like the WAM1 they were also used around the ER-SER-NER-NR circuit as it was the first AC electrified area and hauled ordinary passenger trains and freights only and sometimes ran all the way to New Delhi via Kanpur.
Circulars at that time said condemnation of over aged E locos should be done because the locos have achieved their codal life of 35 years.
Since they had less than five years of codal life left, all WAM-2/3 locos were Vacuum Brake stock were never considered for up-gradation to Air Brake / Dual Brake .
The lifespan of certain WAM-2/3 locos could certainly be extended another five years of revenue service since they were in great condition .
They were rebuilt with their Pantographs aligned the other way around (pointing outwards) and fitted with silicon diode rectifiers as permanent feature thereby increasing their performance and durability, but were identical to the WAM2 in every other respect.
These two were used to haul (then) prestigious trains like the Kalka Mail and Toofan Express to Delhi, but were later relegated to passenger duties and shunting as WAM4s became common.
Four WAM2s of the Asansol shed were re-geared, their Bo-Bo bogies and WN geared drives replaced by the WAP1 Co-Co Flexicoil fabricated bogies and axle hung traction motors respectively.
These ran for quite some time and even hauled the Howrah Rajdhani for some time but were all scrapped in the late 1980s.
However, the new platform is to be built south-east of the old stop on the other side of the tracks to provide better access to the ski stadium and the Garmisch-Partenkirchen hospital.
The costs of the reactivation would be borne by Deutsche Bahn if a study yet to be prepared concludes that 100 accesses per day will be achieved.
Jose Leandro Tolini (born 14 March 1990) is an Argentine field hockey player who plays as a defender for Belgian Club Gantoise and the Argentine national team.
After one season he moved to Spain to play for Taburiente who he also left after one season to return to Argentina to play for Ba.
The 1916 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated.
South Dakota voted for the Republican nominee, Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey.
Hughes won South Dakota by a close margin of 3.90%; however, alongside Oregon, South Dakota was the only state that Hughes won in the Great Plains or westward.
Hughes’ victory was largely due to the powerful GOP loyalty of East River German-Americans, who feared that Wilson’s pro-British sentiment would lead the United States to involve itself in war with Germany.
Despite his loss, Wilson’s 45.91% was the best performance in the state by a Democrat since William Jennings Bryan won the state in a fusion with the Populist Party two decades before, and would be beaten only six times in the ensuing century.
Shatin Pass Road () is a road in the Wong Tai Sin District of Kowloon, Hong Kong, linking the Wong Tai Sin area in the south to the junction of Fei Ngo Shan Road and Jat's Incline in the north.
The northern part of Shatin Pass Road, between Sha Tin Pass and the junction of Fei Ngo Shan Road and Jat's Incline, is part of the Stage 4 of the Wilson Trail and Section 5 of the MacLehose Trail.
Shatin Pass Road was built by the British Army to access Sha Tin Pass and some village in Sha Tin District from Kowloon.
Arma Senkrah, birthname Anna Loretta Harkness, (1864–1900) was an American violinist who won a Guadagnini violin as first prize at the Paris Conservatory in 1881.
When she was nine, she went to Europe where she studied under Arno Hilf in Leipzig and Henryk Wieniawski in Brussels.
She received a Guadagini violin inscribed with her name as the Conservoire's first prize in 1881 when she was just 17.
Thereafter she toured throughout Europe, performing at London's Crystal Palace in 1882, in Leipzig in 1883 and in Berlin in 1884.
It was around this time that on the advice of her agent she changed her name to Senkrah (Harkness written backwards).
On 3 September 1900, after two years of marriage to a Weimar lawyer by the name of Hoffmann, she shot herself with a revolver, possibly as a result of a brain disorder.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
Cranfillia is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Liga IV Suceava (known as Liga Inter Conti for sponsorship reasons) is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Suceava County, România.
The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and it is competed between 14 teams, the winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending of the result of a promotion play-off that is disputed against a winner of the neighboring counties series.
The number of relegated team from the Liga IV – Suceava is variable and depends on the number of teams relegated from the Liga III.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, the Romanian Football Federation proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
A year after graduating, she won a commonwealth scholarship to pursue a postgraduate diploma in Printmaking at Royal College of Art in London.
She holds a master's degree in Fine Art from the University of Pennsylvania where she developed skills in textile technique of painting and tie and dye.
She is well known in Kenya than Uganda because she lived in Kenya for over two decades after she fled from Uganda due to the political situation and civil war in the country then.
InnovoPro is the first company to succeed in obtaining a 70% concentrate protein from chickpeas, as a substitute for plant-based protein and allergenic proteins.
In 2018, InnovoPro was awarded first prize at the FoodTech IL competition as well as first prize at the European food convention Bridge2Food.
InnovoPro was founded in 2013 by Ascher Shmulewitz, a physician and engineer who came to believe, while treating patients, that some diseases are preventable by a plant-protein based diet.
In December 2018, the company announced that it has completed raising capital, amounting at $4.25 million, led by the JVP Fund and Erel Margalit, as well as the Swiss retailer Migros.
Additionally, the Chinese food tech fund Bitx X Bites has invested in the company, and so have other European, Israeli and Singaporean investors.
The company's customers are companies developing such food products as non-diary products, Protein bars, bakery goods, spreads, meal replacements powders, and protein powders.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
The son of Algernon Ham Evan-Thomas and Lillian Watson Lee, he was born in November 1897 on the family estate at Builth Wells, Brecknockshire.
He served during the First World War, after which he made his debut in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club, making two first-class apperances in 1919 and 1920 against Cambridge University at Fenner's.
Bad Black is a 2016 Ugandan action-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Nabwana Isaac Geoffrey Godfrey (IGG), in Wakaliwood, an ultra low-budget studio in Kampala, Uganda.
In the slums of Kampala, Uganda, a young girl runs away from home and ends up in a child trafficking ring led by a former Uganda People's Defence Force commando.
One day, while collecting metal scraps, she is viciously assaulted by multi-millionaire Hirigi when she mistakenly takes the tire iron of his van.
After enduring weeks of abuse and witnessing other children being murdered in cold blood, the girl takes matters into her own hands and kills the ring leader.
Meanwhile, Alan Ssali, an American doctor whose parents were U.S. Army commandos, is in Kampala giving aid to the people of the slums.
The gangsters frantically run away from the cops, only to be gunned down by Alan, who corners Bad Black and recovers his dog tags before handing her to the police.
Bad Black, however, decides to stay in prison to ensure the safety of another female inmate, who is to be released in two days.
As Bad Black is about to prove her innocence, the film suddenly fast-forwards to a flashback, when her father Swaz robbed a bank to pay for her mother Flavia's medical expenses, but was killed in a gunfight with the police and Flavia died shortly after childbirth.
Just as Bad Black tells the court of her reasons for living a life of crime, Flavia suddenly arrives and embraces her daughter, forcing the judge to adjourn the court.
with or without the VJ Emmie narration, plus subtitles in 40 languages, and welcome videos by Nabwana IGG for 14 countries.
Stephen Albert Fulling (born 29 April 1945, Evansville, Indiana) is an American mathematician and mathematical physicist, specializing in the mathematics of quantum theory, general relativity, and the spectral and asymptotic theory of differential operators.
Fulling was a postdoc from 1972 to 1974 at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and from 1974 to 1976 at King’s College London.
Deliberate sand impression have been discovered made in former sand dunes and beach deposits that have now been fossilized into rock and re exposed through the process of erosion.
Pernar was elected as the party's President during the party's inaugural conference in the village of Kašina by receiving 148 votes from party delegates.
During the conference, eight different names were proposed for the party, which chose to name itself after its leader with a three-quarters supermajority.
SIP has declared itself to be in opposition to the privatization and concession of resources and enterprises it deems to be of public importance.
The party is firmly opposed to Croatia's membership in both the European Union and NATO, as it sees Croatian membership in both organizations as incompatible with sovereignty.
It supports the recognition of the State of Palestine as an independent and sovereign state and calls on Israel to withdraw from Palestinian territories.
The party strongly opposes illegal immigration and has expressed support for the construction of a physical border barrier along the parts of the border affected by illegal immigration, as well as involving the Croatian Army in border patrols.
The Khayaravala dynasty, was a dynasty, that ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, during 11th and 12th centuries.
These find-spots are inscription of Pratapdhavala in Phulwaria, Tutrahi fall rock inscription of Pratapdhavala of Vikram Samvat 1214, Tarachandi rock inscription of Pratapdhavala of Vikram Samvat 1225, Copper plate inscription of Udayaraja and Indradhavala of Vikram Samvat 1254 and Rohtas inscription of Shri Pratapa of Vikram Samvat 1279.
After graduating from the Universidad Iberoamericana with a degree in design, Paulina Morán furthered her design studies and began working in Barcelona.
Later, she opened her own studio in Cancún, with a focus on interior design and interior architecture for hospitality locations throughout Latin America.
The design of the 750 acre Chablé Resort compound, in collaboration with the architect Jorge Borja, is a modernist interpretation of traditional hacienda design that incorporates ancient Mayan finishing techniques.
Her style has been described as fearless and eclectic, and she has designed the interiors of luxury hotels in Latin America including Hotel Esencia in Tulum, Ikal del Mar on the Mayan Riviera, Capella Ixtapa in Zihuatanejo, and Casa San Agustin in Cartagena.
It received the grand prize award for architecture and design from Prix Versailles in association with the International Union of Architects.
Two of her projects in Mexico – Chablé Resort & Spa and Ixi'im Restaurant – each earned a Prix Versailles world award, in 2017 and 2018 respectively.
George C. Schoolfield (died on 21 July 2016), was a professor emeritus of German and Scandinavian studies who wrote and contributed to over 400 publications on German and Scandinavian literature.
After receiving his Ph.D .from Princeton University in German literature in 1949, he taught at Harvard University, Duke University, and the University of Pennsylvania.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
The sub-lists are arranged by the country of the sponsoring organization, but typically awards are open to entries from around the world.
Here You Are: The Best of Billy Ocean is a two-disc compilation album by British R&B singer and songwriter Billy Ocean, released in 2016.
The first disc includes cover versions of 1950s and 1960s pop and rock songs, and the second disc includes most of Ocean's hit recordings.
In 1899, the father had applied for a technical patent in the USA for a simple but efficient ground anchoring system for electric poles.
In 1905 he married the soprano Else Fischer (1883-1943), who was later known as Else Gentner-Fischer, one of the most important dramatic soprano in Germany.
While his wife remained employed there throughout her life, Gentner moved to the Deutsche Oper Berlin-Charlottenburg in 1914, where he was engaged until his death.
After his death in Berlin at age 46, the singer's body was transferred to his birthplace and buried there in the family grave.
Later that year, she joined the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro where she worked as a professor of dance and as the Director of Graduate Studies for the UNCG School of Dance.
Green's academic research focused on somatics, kinaesthetics, proprioception and the socio-political and gender issues related to the body in dance and dance education.
Green is the originator of the Social Somatic Theory and is a master teacher of Kinetic Awareness, a movement approach created by Elaine Summers.
In 2017 Green was awarded the Outstanding Dance Education Research Award at the National Dance Education Conference and was invited to be the keynote speaker at the International Symposium of the Performing Arts in Brazil.
In 1994 she terminated her contract with ANT1, and, after a legal dispute with her former channel, moved to rival channel MEGA.
The show featured various special seasonal episodes (namely for Christmas eve and Easter) at various high profile locales, such as Syros' City Hall and Lycabettus.
The show's premiere enjoyed great success, achieving an overall 34.9% ratings share, while the first fifteen minutes of Koromila's reappearance on-air enjoyed a 43.2% ratings share.
Koromila unexpectedly ended her contract with EPSILON before the transmission of the final celebratory episode from Syros, citing financial differences and inefficient cooperation with the channel's administration.
She is known for her relationship with Italian actor Stefano Sartini, which lasted for six years, but also for a brief relationship with singer Stelios Roccos.
He served as the referee for the 2015 Supercupa României, 2018 Supercupa României, 2017 Cupa Ligii Final and 2019 Cupa României Final.
He officiated two matches in the Qatar Stars League during the 2015–16 season, as well as the 2019 Egypt Cup Final.
The Fare is a 2018 American mystery thriller film directed by D.C. Hamilton and starring Gino Anthony Pesi, Brinna Kelly, Jason Stuart, and Jon Jacobs.
The plot centers on a taxi driver and his passenger who find themseves locked in an endless time loop trap so they have to repeat their journey over and over again.
The cab driver is listening to the radio where they are talking about time-traveling aliens who changed the nature of reality.
The car moves along a deserted dark highway, and the taxi driver, Harris, starts a conversation with the lady, trying to flirt.
Harris resets the mileage counter... and instantly moves back in time to the very moment when the mysterious lady opens the door to get in the car.
Harris and Penny find themselves caught in a neverending time loop trap, having to repeat their ride over and over again, but this endless journey will reveal their secrets and change their lives forever.
The film was praised by critics—on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 100% based on six reviews.
The noir look is also appropriate given the mystery elements of the thriller, and some twists along the way sort of call back to some of the greatest sci-fi classics from years past.
As simplistic as the film itself may be from a structural standpoint, Pesi and Kelly’s performances are genuinely compelling, making it easy to become invested in the relationship between their characters.
Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.
Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand.
There have been 89 preliminary filtered reports of tornadoes in the United States in 2020, of which 86 have been confirmed.
One thunderstorm developed into a supercell which produced an EF3 tornado that caused significant damage to a farm, destroyed the houses of seven families, and destroyed about of pine forest.
Three people were fatally injured when a long-tracked EF2 tornado destroyed two mobile homes in Haughton, Louisiana and an EF1 tornado killed one person near Nacogdoches, Texas.
The series is created by Mamoru Oshii, who is also credited as chief director, and will be directed by Junji Nishimura.
The anime's theme song will be performed by Kanako Takatsuki and Karin Isobe as part of the vocal and dance unit BlooDye.
Mandayam Jeersannidhi Narasimhan (1 July 1891 – 24 September 1970) was a pioneering Indian plant pathologist and mycologist who worked in the state of Mysore.
The lac Métabetchouane is a fresh body of water crossed by the Métabetchouane River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Moncouche, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province in Quebec, to Canada.
This lake constitutes the demarcation between the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve (east side - administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean) and zec Kiskissink (west side - administrative region of Mauricie - La Tuque).
The surface of Métabetchouane Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet of the Métabetchouane River (coming from the east via Naquagami bay), riverside streams, the outlet of lakes Voisard, Bellevalle and Bohémier, the outlet of lakes Chaunard and Biliette, the outlet of Lac du Sillon and the outlet of Lac Mallette.
As a child, Mohamed Issa Matona learned to play violin by watching his father, and percussion by playing on disused milk cans.
In 2001, in association with Joseph Castico, Zanzibar's one-time director of the ministry of Information, Culture and Sports, Mohamed founded the Dhow Countries Music Academy, working initially as treasurer before becoming director.
In 2010 Mohamed took a diploma in music at the DCMA with a thesis on 'The Development of Taarab Music in Zanzibar'.
He is Director & Bierman Professor of Ecology, Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana and Research Professor, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University.
Elser was hired as an Assistant Professor at Arizona State University in 1990, where he advanced to Associate and Full Professor, and was named Regents' Professor in 2009.
In 2016 he moved to University of Montana, where he directs the Flathead Lake Biological Station, while remaining a Research Professor at Arizona State.
Particular contributions include global analyses of the nutrient limitation of primary producers, the stoichiometry of nutrient recycling, and the linkage between the phosphorus and RNA content of organisms and their growth rate (the Growth Rate Hypothesis).
The 2020 Women's European Volleyball League will be the 12th edition of the annual Women's European Volleyball League, which features women's national volleyball teams from 18 European countries.
Yahya Al-Qarni (; born 4 May 1998) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as an midfielder for MS League club Ohod on loan from Al-Ahli.
The 2020 World U20 Championships in Athletics, also known as the World Junior Championships, are an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 2001) taking place at Nyayo Sports Complex.
A total 156 countries (plus the teams from Authorized Neutral Athletes and Athlete Refugee team) and 1462 athletes are scheduled to compete.
Since Sheree's introduction in August 2019, it was established that she had a secret, which was revealed to be Isaac in his first episode, an episode set on Christmas Day 2019.
The character was mentioned on-screen before her introduction, but further details about the character and Sopal's casting details were announced on 22 December 2019.
Suki is introduced as the mother of Kheerat Panesar (Jaz Deol), Jags Panesar (Amar Adatia), Vinny Panesar (Shiv Jalota) and Ash Kaur (Gurlaine Kaur Garcha).
Following the introduction of her children in 2019, it is revealed that Suki is terminally ill and wants to reunite with Ash, who left the family following Suki's disapproval of her sexuality and abortion.
The Cameron–Central African Republic border is 901 km (560 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Chad in the north to the tripoint with the Republic of the Congo in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Chad in the Mbéré River, following this river as it flows to the southwest.
It continues in this direction, then gradually arcs to the southeast, utilising various rivers (such as the Ngou, Guirma, Kadéï, Boumba, Batouri and Nyoue), with some shorter overland stretches, before reaching the Sangha River.
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville).
From these bases the French explored further into the interior, eventually linking the two areas following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon.
By 1903 within the AEF, the areas that now make up Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville (then called Moyen-Congo, or Middle Congo) were united as French Congo (later split), with areas further north organised into Ubangi-Shari (modern CAR) and Chad military territory; the latter two areas were merged in 1906 as Ubangi-Shari-Chad, and then de-merged in 1914.
France and Germany established the rough delimitation of their respective spheres of influence in the region in December 1885, with a more precise boundary agreed upon in 1894.
Following the Agadir Crisis of 1911, France and Germany signed the Treaty of Fez, in which Germany recognised French supremacy in Morocco in return for large territories in Central Africa.
When the First World War broke out in 1914, Britain and France invaded Cameroon and eventually defeated the Germans in 1916.
Following the defeat of Germany in Europe in 1918-19 all of the areas ceded to Germany in 1911 were restored to France, thus finalising what are now the Cameroon's modern borders with Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, CAR and Chad.
On 22 June 1922 Cameroon became a League of Nations mandate, with the vast majority of the colony going to France, and smaller areas along the Nigerian border in the west to Britain.
France gradually granted more political rights and representation for its African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Eventually, in January 1960 France granted Cameroon full independence, followed by Ubangi-Shari (as the Central African Republic) in August that year, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two independent states.
Since 2003 the border has been crossed by thousands of Central African refugees fleeing the Central African Republic Bush War and later the Central African Republic Civil War.
The Scottish Family Party (SFP) is a minor right-wing and anti-feminist political party established in 2017 by former UKIP candidate Richard Lucas, who remains its leader.
Richard Lucas, a former UKIP member who ran as the party's candidate in Edinburgh South West in 2015, founded the SFP in August 2017.
By early 2019, concerns over the party's anti-LGBT positions, which include support for conversion therapy, led to hotels in Aberdeen and Stornoway cancelling bookings from the party.
The SFP's first electoral test was in the 2019 United Kingdom general election, with Lucas running in Ross, Skye and Lochaber and coming last with 268 votes (0.7%) and Liam McKechnie running in East Dunbartonshire, coming last with 197 votes (0.4%).
She became coordinator of the Center for the Elimination of Violence in the Family, and in 1977 co-founded Women's Survival Space in Brooklyn, the city's first state-funded shelter for battered women.
She was a rape prevention educator at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and a founding member of the Mayor's Task Force on Rape.
She was active in the New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women, and with the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence.
In the 1980s she worked at the Bronx State Psychiatric Hospital as a mental health therapy aide, and in 1995 she attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.
He made his List A debut on 22 December 2019, for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The regiment is the heir to all Italian Army horse artillery units and maintains a mounted section with historic horse-drawn field guns.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
The 1st Howitzer Group is equipped with FH-70 towed howitzers, while the 2nd Horse Group's Historical Mounted Section is equipped with horse-drawn 75/27 Mod.
Maria Velotti (16 November 1826 - 3 September 1886) - in religious Maria Luigia del Santissimo Sacramento - was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Suore Francescane Adoratrici della Santa Croce and a member in the Third Order of Saint Francis.
In her childhood she was raised in two different households after her parents died and she was exposed to the Franciscan charism under her second spiritual director.
Pope Francis confirmed her heroic virtue and titled her as Venerable in 2016 while later approving a miracle attributed to her in 2019 which would enable for her beatification to be celebrated in the Naples Cathedral on 16 May 2020.
Her parents died before she turned two circa 1828 and she was sent to live with her unmarried aunt Caterina (who lived in Sirico near Nola) who would over time come to mistreat and abuse her.
Her half-brother Giovanni (from her father's first marriage) remained in Soccavo and a chance meeting between the two in adulthood revealed their familial connection.
Her aunt's abuse extended to her spiritual life and she would often be assigned to housework so that she could not reflect on God in silence; her housework often took over two hours.
But her situation became untenable at home and her married (and childless) neighbors Lorenzo Sabatino and Giuseppa Tuzzolo took her in and raised her as their own.
In her adolescence her first spiritual director and confessor was Father Domenico Piciocchi but a chance meeting put her in contact with her second confessor and spiritual director when she turned 23.
The teen met Father Filippo Antonio da Domicella (who happened to be visiting the church) and under him she fostered a desire to join the Franciscans.
The priest oversaw her vesting in the habit in the San Giovanni Evangelista convent-church in Taurano on 2 February 1853 and oversaw her profession into the Third Order of Saint Francis on 22 February 1854.
In 1853 she started to experience visions of Jesus Christ on the Cross alongside the Blessed Mother and Saint Francis of Assisi; she also experienced visions of demonic harassment that once left her immobile and bedridden.
Her order was established in 1877 (alongside the widow Eletta Albini who later became Sister Maria Francesca) and it was aimed at educating girls and to promote the role of women in Neapolitan life.
Permission for the order's founding came from both the Cardinal Archbishop of Naples Sisto Riario Sforza and the Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor Venerable Bernardino da Portogruaro.
Her reputation for piousness and her visions extended to the surrounding regions and Cardinal Sforza (before his death in 1877) visited Velotti several times in order to better acquaint himself with her and understand her ideas.
In 1884 she relocated to Casoria to the motherhouse where she would live until her death and spent her last weeks in a wheelchair with paralysis.
Her death came after suffering from ill health for a prolonged period; she died in the order's motherhouse on 3 September 1886 at 9:00am in Casoria.
The informative process for her beatification opened on 26 September 1927 and concluded a decade later on 22 December 1936; theologians assessed her writings and confirmed on 3 December 1944 that her few writings were in line with doctrine and were not in contravention.
The second process in Naples was launched decades later on 2 October 2000 and concluded on 14 March 2001 before the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated both processes on 14 December 2007 to enable further investigation.
Francis later confirmed a miracle attributed to her on 11 December 2019 which enables for Velotti to be beatified in Naples on 16 May 2020.
Two Hearts (Italain: Due cuori) is a 1943 Italian romance film directed by Carlo Borghesio and starring Erzsi Simor, Károly Kovács and Osvaldo Genazzani.
He made his List A debut on 22 December 2019, for Kandy Customs Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He was appointed Captain of a Company in 66th Foot in 1785, transferred to 60th Foot as a Major in 1788, and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1792.
He was appointed Brigade Major-General to the forces in the North-East District in 1795, and in 1805 was commanding an infantry brigade in the North-West District, having been confirmed in the rank of Major-General in 1801.
He made his List A debut on 22 December 2019, for Police Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 22 December 2019, for Police Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The protein acts as an emulsifier that combines water and fat contributing to the creation of a stable viscous mass.It can be used as a raw material in, hot or cold applications.
Example of products which can be based on chickpea protein include dairy-free yoghurt, plant-based beverages, high-protein energy bars, savory snacks, pastry, egg-free mayonnaise, meat substitutes, and others.
Garmisch-Partenkirchen Hausberg station () is a railway station in the municipality of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, located in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district in Bavaria, Germany.
Abu Ali al-Hasan al-As'am ibn Ahmad ibn Bahram al-Jannabi (al-Ahsa Oasis, 891 – Ramla, 977) was a Qarmatian leader, chiefly known as the military commander of the Qarmatian invasions of Syria (especially around Damascus and Palestine) in 968–977.
Following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt and the overthrow of the Ikhshidids, in 971–974 al-As'am led attacks against the Fatimid Caliphate, who began to expand into Syria.
The Qarmatians repeatedly evicted the Fatimids from Syria and invaded Egypt itself twice, in 971 and 974, before being defeated at the gates of Cairo and driven back.
In the next year, the Fatimids managed to overcome the allies, and concluded a treaty with the Qarmatians that signalled the end of their invasions of Syria.
Al-Hasan al-As'am was born at al-Ahsa Oasis, the capital of the Qarmatians of Bahrayn, in 891, to Ahmad, son of the founder of the Qarmatian state, Abi Sa'id al-Hasan al-Jannabi.
Power was held collectively among the sons of Abi Sa'id, although the youngest, Abu Tahir Sulayman al-Jannabi, was the dominant figure until his death in 944.
This means that, although al-As'am was the principal military leader of the Qarmatians in their expeditions abroad, in reality power still resided with his uncles, the last of whom, Abu Ya'qub Yusuf, died in 977.
Al-As'am first appears as a commander of the Qarmatian forces that captured Damascus and defeated the Ikhshidid governor, al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj in battle before his capital, Ramla, on 28 October.
Medieval Arab historians (followed by the modern historian Michael Jan de Goeje) consider these events to have been a co-ordinated, unified strategy as part of the Fatimid Caliphate's imminent conquest of Egypt.
However, modern scholarship has revealed that the Qarmatians were neither loyal partisans of the Fatimids nor, as becomes evident from their behaviour once victorious, were they interested in conquest and conversion of the Syrian territories to their doctrine.
When the Qarmatian army again departed for Syria two months later, he was replaced by two of his cousins at the head of the expedition.
The disgrace did not last long, as the conquest of Egypt by the Fatimid general Jawhar in 969 and the subsequent advance into Syria, which led to the defeat and capture of al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj at the hands of the Fatimid general Ja'far ibn Fallah in April 970, changed the situation.
The Fatimid takeover meant the end of the annual tribute promised by al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj, and the Fatimids' declared intention to restore the safety of the Hajj routes threatened to put an end to the Qarmatians' extortion of the Hajj caravans as well.
This led to a radical shift of the Qarmatians—for which some sources consider al-As'am to have been the principal instigator—against the Fatimids and a rapprochement with the Abbasids.
Through the mediation of the Abbasid caliph al-Muti, the Qarmatians became the nucleus of a broad anti-Fatimid alliance, comprising not only the Qarmatians, but also the Hamdanid ruler of Mosul, Abu Taghlib, the Buyid ruler Izz al-Dawla, the Bedouin tribes of Banu Kilab and Banu Uqayl, and remnants of the Ikhshidid troops.
On 25 August 971, the allies captured Damascus, with al-As'am proclaiming the suzerainty of the Abbasid caliph over Syria and having the name of the Fatimid caliph, al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, ritually cursed in the mosques.
Jawhar had sent reinforcements, freshly arrived from Ifriqiya, to the city, but their commander, Sa'adat ibn Hayyan, withdrew to Jaffa and adopted a passive stance.
Encouraged by his successes, al-As'am proceeded to lay siege to Jaffa with part of their forces under Akhu Muslim, and led the remainder of his army into an invasion of Egypt.
The coastal town of Tinnis, which had rebelled a year before against Fatimid taxation, rose up again in revolt, and the Qarmatians captured the town of Farama.
A month later, a Fatimid army under Yaruq recovered Farama, but over the following weeks the revolt spread across the Delta, and Yaruq and his men had to retreat towards Fustat.
The Qarmatians' detour nevertheless gave Jawhar time to prepare a ditch and wall, at Ayn Shams, north of Fustat, stretching for from the Nile to the Muqattam hills.
The Fatimid general called almost the entire population of Fustat to arms, and in two fierce battles on 22 and 24 December 971, despite heavy losses, managed to defeat his opponents.
In 973, the Qarmatian–Bedouin alliance disintegrated due to infighting, allowing the Fatimids to seize again control of Palestine and southern Syria.
From there the Caliph sent al-As'am a letter, accusing him of abandoning the Fatimid cause to which, as al-Mu'izz claimed, his father and grandfather had been devoted.
Al-As'am not only rejected al-Mu'izz's claims, but made the letter public and reaffirmed his opposition to the Fatimids and their claims, launching another invasion of the Fatimid domains.
No details are known, but within a short time in late 973, the Fatimids were again driven out of Syria and Palestine, and in the next spring, the Qarmatians invaded Egypt for the second time.
Rayyan defeated a Qarmatian force at Mahalla, but al-As'am moved the main Qarmatian army to Bilbays, from where he threatened Cairo.
Again the Fatimids were forced to a general call to arms of the entire male population of the capital to confront the Qarmatian advance.
The Fatimids' Berber soldiers repulsed the attack, but during the pursuit they were in turn surprised by a counterattack and suffered heavy losses.
Fearful of betrayal by the former Ikhshidid commanders now enrolled in his army, on 12 April al-Mu'izz arrested their sons as hostages.
On 27 April, al-Mu'izz's son Abdallah led the Fatimid army out to confront the Qarmatians at the dry lake bed known as Jubb Umayra or Birkat al-Hajj, just north of Ayn Shams.
Al-As'am divided his army, sending his brother, al-Nu'man, to face the Fatimid advance, while he himself remained on a height dominating the lake bed.
10,000 Berbers pursued the Qarmatians, cutting off their supply routes, and recovering Palestine and southern Syria before the year was out; while in the south, Akhu Muslim dispersed his small army and barely managed to escape capture himself.
Hunted by Fatimid agents, he sought refuge in al-Ahsa, but only ended up being poisoned by the Qarmatians, who were now engaged in negotiations with the Fatimids.
Alptakin invaded Palestine, defeated the Fatimids and captured several cities, before turning on Damascus, whose populace received him enthusiastically when he entered the city in April 975.
The Qarmatians reacted by sending an army to aid Alptakin—according to some sources, the Damascenes appealed to the Qarmatians for aid—forcing Jawhar to lift the siege in January 977.
The allies pursued Jawhar to Ramla, where they were joined by the Banu Tayy; Jawhar was defeated in a pitched battle at the Yarqon River, and was forced to abandon Ramla and retreat to Ascalon.
According to the account of Ibn al-Qalanisi (followed by Ibn al-Athir), however, al-As'am was still active when the new Fatimid caliph, al-Aziz Billah, took the field in person and defeated the allies in summer 978.
Following his victory, al-Aziz neutralized the Qarmatian threat by offering an annual tribute of 30,000 dinars (other sources give the sum as 20,000 or 70,000 dinars), paid in advance for that year.
Launer London is a British manufacturer of luxury handbags and other small leather goods founded in 1940 by Sam Launer who emigrated to London from Czechoslovakia during the Second World War.
The company first sold a handbag to a member of the British royal family in 1950 and subsequently was awarded a royal warrant by Queen Elizabeth II.
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother first purchased a Launer bag in the 1950s, and later gave one to her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II.
She has bought more than 200 of their bags, according to CEO and owner Gerald Bodmer, and her three favourites appear to be a black leather Royale, a black patent Traviata, and a third custom-made bag.
The Pacific Steel Casting Company (PSC) was a steel mill and foundry located at 1333 Second Street in West Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
The company was founded in 1934 by Douglas Genger and Ivan Johnson, who had lost their jobs at General Metals in nearby Oakland as a result of the Great Depression.
They bought a steel foundry in West Berkeley that had been repossessed by Wells Fargo Bank, re-opening it as the Pacific Steel Casting Company.
The company announced plans to close as early as December 2017, after having laid off most of the employees and selling much of their inventory.
By March, 2019 the site was abandoned and the city of Berkeley was seeking input on what to do with the site located in the West Berkeley Neighborhood.
There are inscription of Pratapdhavala in Phulwaria, Tutrahi fall rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1214, Tarachandi rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1225.
The Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border is 487 km (303 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Cameroon in the west to the tripoint with the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Cameroon in the Sangha River, and then proceeds via a straight line overland towards the northwest.
It then proceeds via a series of irregular lines to the north, generally following the Sangha-Ubangi drainage divide, before turning a broad arc to the east, and then continuing in that direction broadly following the Ibenga-Bodingué drainage divide.
It then follows the Lobaye-Gouga drainage divide up to the Democratic Republic of the Congo tripoint at the confluence of the Gouga and Ubangi.
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville).
From these bases the French explored further into the interior, eventually linking the two areas following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon.
By 1903 the areas that now make up Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville (then called Moyen-Congo, or Middle Congo) were united as French Congo (later split), with areas further north organised into Ubangi-Shari (modern Central African Republic) and Chad military territory; the latter two areas were merged from 1906-14 as Ubangi-Shari-Chad.
The internal boundaries of this colony underwent several changes: in 1926 the French transferred the town of Mbaïki and the surrounding area from Congo to Ubangi-Shari, creating a boundary which roughly followed the drainage divide between Ibenga and Lobaye rivers.
After the Second World War France gradually granted more political rights and representation for its African territories, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Eventually, in August 1960, both Moyen-Congo (as the Republic of the Congo) and Ubangi-Shari (as the Central African Republic) declared full independence and their mutual frontier thus became an international one between two independent states.
Diploblechnum is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The 2020 Sentinel Storage Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Alberta, was held January 22–26 at The Murray Arena in Okotoks, Alberta.
Laura Walker won her first Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts and capped of an undefeated tournament by defeating Kelsey Rocque's rink 7-4 in the final.
Two Million for a Smile (Italian: Due milioni per un sorriso) is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Borghesio and Mario Soldati and starring Enrico Viarisio, Giuseppe Porelli and Elsa De Giorgi.
An Italian industrialist who has made a fortune in America returns to Italy planning to make a film about a beautiful woman who smiled at him before he left his home country years before.
With the assistance of a man who resembles his younger self he sets out to find the perftect woman for the role.
It is unlike a casino in that it has no slot machines, all card games, and players bet against one another, not the house.
The Large Unmanned Surface Vehicle (LUSV) is an unmanned surface vessel designed for the United States Navy and set to begin construction in 2020.
Designed to be low-cost, high-endurance, reconfigurable ships based on commercial designs, they will have the capacity for modular payloads such as anti-ship, anti-submarine or anti-air weapons.
Capable of operating with human operators in the loop, the Navy envisions the ships operating alongside fleets as scouts and magazine ships.
$209.2 million of funding for the initial two LUSVs, set to begin construction in 2020, was included in the 2020 Defense Appropriations Bill, with plans to buy eight more over the five-year projection known as the Future Years Defense Program.
In 1993 the building was bought by its current owners for $US 500,000 In 2019 its building went on the market for sale at $US 3.25 million, potentially jeopardizing its existence.
Miss Teen International 2019, the 27th edition of the Miss Teen International pageant, was held on December 19, 2019 at the Kingdom of Dreams in Gurugram, India.
His first match as a FIFA referee came on 26 March 2013 between Germany and Bulgaria in the 2013 UEFA European Under-17 Championship elite round.
Raczkowski refereed his first UEFA club competition match on 18 July 2013 in the Europa League second qualifying round between Irtysh Pavlodar and Široki Brijeg.
His first competitive international as referee was on 10 October 2016 between Gibraltar and Belgium in 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification.
Raczkowski has officiated matches in various other countries, including Japan (in the 2014 J.League Division 1), Moldova (for the 2016 Moldovan Cup Final) and Saudi Arabia (in the Saudi Professional League and King Cup).
Born in Munich the son of the opera singer Wilhelm Ziegler (1857-1931), Ziegler studied at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich.
Further engagements took him to Dortmund, Stuttgart, Karlsruhe and Berlin and in 1925 he was engaged as a lyricist and baritone at the Oper Frankfurt.
With the soprano Else Gentner-Fischer, who was married to him in a second marriage, he appeared there on the 1 January 1925.
Ziegler was dismissed from the city stage for racist reasons in 1933 after the transfer of power to the National Socialists.
Else Ziegler's engagement in Frankfurt was also terminated in 1935 because of her marriage to an non-Aryan, so that she lived in complete seclusion in Prien am Chiemsee and died there in 1943.
Ziegler took himself to safety in Great Britain in 1939, where he had to make his living as an unskilled worker.
Today Ziegler is represented in editions of historical recordings by Lotte Lehmann, Richard Tauber, Elisabeth Rethberg, Sabine Kalter, Emmy Bettendorf and Karin Branzell.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Pursuit Women started on Sunday 15 December 2019 in Hochfilzen and will finished on Saturday 21 March 2020 in Holmenkollen.
The Central African Republic–Democratic Republic of the Congo border is 1,747 km (1,086 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with the Republic of the Congo in the west to the tripoint with South Sudan in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with the Republic of the Congo at the confluence of the Gouga river and Ubangi river, and then follows the latter for much of its length, before reaching the confluence with the Mbomou River.
The border then follows the Mbomou eastwards, with a very short overland section in the far east connecting up with the South Sudanese tripoint.
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville).
The area of the modern DRC was controlled by the Congo Free State, a state held under the personal rule of Belgian King Leopold II, who had sponsored various explorations in the region under the guise of humanitarianism.
The boundary between French and Belgian/Congolese territory was somewhat vaguely delimited at the time of the Conference, utilising the Congo river and then various lines of latitude and longitude.
A protocol signed on 29 April 1887 further delimited the boundary as following the Congo river, then the Ubangi river up the 4th parallel north, and then following this parallel eastwards.
In the following years France explored further into the interior, founding Bangui in 1889, and eventually linking their Central and West African holdings following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon.
Administration of the Congo Free State was taken over by the Belgian government in 1908 following controversies engendered by the atrocities committed by Leopold’s forces there.
The Belgian Congo gained independence (as the Republic of the Congo, later renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo) on 30 June 1960, followed by the French territory of Ubangi-Shari (as the Central African Republic) on 13 August 1960, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two sovereign states.
Since 2003 the border has been crossed by thousands of Central African refugees fleeing the Central African Republic Bush War and later the Central African Republic Civil War.
Ultrasonic Algae Control is a technology that helps control algae and biofouling in lakes, reservoirs, and industrial applications by using ultrasonic wave signals to destroy the algae cell structure within.
The effects of ultrasonic waves on microorganisms were discovered by French scientist Paul Langevin (1872 – 1946) during World War I of usage of submarine sonar.
During the carried out studies and experiments some biological effects were discovered, as microorganisms like algae cells were killed by ultrasonic waves.
The powerful transducers used at the time produced a cavitation effect causing microbiological cells, algae to be lysed or broken into smaller fragments.
Acoustic cavitation is the rapid collapse of bubbles in water triggered by the ultrasound, this results in high temperatures (>5000K) and pressures (>100 MPa) causing fast cell death.
These tones produce critical resonance frequencies on its own natural frequency of cell membranes, such as algae gas vesicles, vacuoles, plasmalemma cells.
Sister Mary Paul Mulquin (1842 – 10 February 1930) was a Roman Catholic nun and educationalist born in Adare, Limerick, Ireland.
Born Katherine Mulquin to John Mulquin, a landowner, and his wife Catherine, née Sheehy, she changed her name in 1863 once she was received into her religious order.
In 1873 she travelled to Australia with six other nuns on board the SS Great Britain, arriving in Melbourne on 21 December 1873.
Liga IV Botoșani or for sponsorship reasons the Liga IV Givova is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Botoșani County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 14 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
Also, the number of relegated team from the Liga IV – Botoșani is variable and depends on the number of teams relegated from the Liga III.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
In 1979, while spending the holidays with his uncle and aunt in Spain, he was a finalist in the first Spanish squash championship against Carlos Sainz, aged 16, a future world rally champion.
In 1985, he received a letter from the Spanish federation asking him to represent Spain at a European competition taking place in Barcelona and chose to represent Spain in official competitions.
In 1992, he achieved his best year by rising to the semi-finals of the world championship, only beaten by the legendary Jansher Khan.
Nixon Guylherme Rocha Brizolara (born 26 December 1995), known as Nixon Guylherme, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Chittagong Abahani as a Forward.
The foundation stone for the building was laid by General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, the General Officer Commanding Aldershot Command, on 4 March 1908.
It was refurbished by Millgrove Construction to provide the main offices for the Wellesley Project, a major residential development by Grainger plc, in 2013.
The Central African Republic–South Sudan border is 1,055 km (655 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Sudan in the north, to the tripoint with the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the south.
The precise starting point of the border in the north is in dispute, owing to the fact that both Sudan and South Sudan claim the Kafia Kingi region, which is currently under Sudanese administration.
The border then follows a series a very irregular lines overland in southeastwards direction, down to the tripoint with the DRC.
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville).
From these bases the French explored further into the interior, eventually linking the two areas following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon.
In 1898-99 Britain and France agreed upon their mutual spheres of influence in northern third of Africa, and the two nations delimited a frontier between AEF and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (i.e.
This was followed by demarcation on the ground by an Anglo-French commission in 1921-23, with the final border being ratified on 21 January 1924.
On 1 January 1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan declared independence as the Republic of Sudan; the Central African Republic followed later on 13 August 1960.
Following a referendum, on 9 July 2011 South Sudan declared independence from Sudan, and thus inherited the bulk of the former CAR-Sudan border.
The border region is remote and poorly policed, providing a safe haven for various rebel groups; it is thought the Joseph Kony of the Lord's Resistance Army may currently be hiding in the border region.
In the women's 200 metre individual medley SM11 event she won the silver medal and she also won the bronze medals in the women's 50 metre freestyle S11 and women's 100 metre freestyle S11 events.
After the invasion of Fatrasta and the capital city of Landfall, thousands of refugees seek the safety of Lady Flint's soldiers as she prepares for another war to prevent the return of Gods walking the world.
Manson achieved 7th place at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia and has represented Great Britain at the 2018 European championships in Berlin.
FC Rosengård, formerly Malmö FF Dam (1970–2007) and LdB FC Malmö (2007–2013), is a professional football club based in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.
The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women's premier division, of which 7 in the Division 1 (until 1987) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan (since its formation in 1988).
On 7 September 1970 the board of Malmö FF took the decision to start a women's team as part of the main club.
It took three seasons for the club to win the newly formed Damallsvenskan in 1990 and more success followed in 1991, 1993 and 1994.
Under the LdB FC Malmö name, the club won the Damallsvenskan championship in 2010, which qualified them for the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League.
In the final match of the 2012 season they suffered a home defeat (0–1) to Tyresö FF, the result meant Tyresö FF were champions due to better goal difference.
In 2013, they clinched the title once again, with a (2–3) win away against Tyresö FF being the turning point of the season.
The Damallsvenskan title wins of 2014 and 2015 added to the 2013 title (as LdB FC Malmö), made the club three times in a row title winners for the first time in its history.
The Central African Republic–Sudan border is 174 km (108 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Chad in the north, to the tripoint with South Sudan in the south.
The boundary starts in the north at the tripoint with Chad and proceeds overland in a south-easterly direction, turning south in the vicinity of the Kafia Kingi region, a region disputed with South Sudan but which is currently under Sudanese administration.
The border then consists of series of irregular lines over hilly terrain, turning sharply to the east and then proceeding to the current de facto South Sudanese tripoint.
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville).
From these bases the French explored further into the interior, eventually linking the two areas following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon.
In 1898-99 Britain and France agreed upon their mutual spheres of influence in northern third of Africa, and the two nations delimited a frontier between AEF and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (i.e.
This was followed by demarcation on the ground by an Anglo-French commission in 1921-23, with the final border being ratified on 21 January 1924.
On 1 January 1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan declared independence as the Republic of Sudan; the Central African Republic followed later on 13 August 1960 and the border then became an international frontier between two independent states.
Following a referendum, on 9 July 2011 South Sudan declared independence from Sudan, thus significantly shortening the CAR-Sudan border to its current length.
Jangaon Municipality is the civic body that oversees the civic needs of the town of Jangaon in the Indian state of Telangana.
The committee ruled for 17 years until 1952 when the first elections were held and the town was divided into 14 wards as a third grade municipality.
List of Elected Chairpersons of Jangaon Municipality along with number of council members in wards, First Election conducted in 1952, flowing 1959, 1966, 1982, 1987, 1992, 2000, 2005, 2014, and 2020 to held in January.
The Capture of Novgorod by the Swedes was an event of the Time of Troubles, which entailed the Swedish occupation of Novgorod from July 1611 until its return to the Russian Kingdom in the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617.
According to the Vyborg Treatise of 1609, concluded between Tsar Vasily Shuisky and Sweden, the latter agreed to provide him with military assistance in the fight against False Dmitry II and the Polish–Lithuanian invaders in exchange for territorial concessions.
The Swedish corps fought as part of the army of Prince Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, who managed to clear a significant part of Russia from the interventionists and to release the besieged Moscow.
However, in the Battle of Klushino, the Russian–Swedish army was defeated, after which Vasily Shuisky was overthrown, and the Poles occupied Moscow.
Jacob De la Gardie considered that Russia had not fulfilled its obligations to Sweden, and began to occupy part of the Russian north–west.
The motivation was the general weakening of the Russian state, which allowed for an aggressive policy, rivalry with the Commonwealth, as well as the personal interest of the Swedish military leaders, including Delagardi, in rich military booty.
At the beginning of June 1611, the army of Delagardi, consisting of Swedish, Finnish, German and other mercenaries, approached Novgorod and stood at the Khutynsky Monastery.
The governor of the city was Ivan Nikitich Odoevsky, who led a garrison of a little more than two thousand people – Cossacks, nobles, Astrakhan archers, as well as a small number of Tatars and monastery servants.
Governor Vasily Buturlin was sent to Delagardi on behalf of the Zemsky Government near Moscow, headed by Prokopy Lyapunov, who entered into negotiations with the Swedes.
In exchange for military assistance against the Poles, the establishment of the Swedish prince Charles Philip to the Moscow throne, as well as the transfer of Ladoga and Oreshek to Sweden, were discussed.
Another distracting maneuver was the attack of the Swedes in small vessels on a floating tower, set by the defenders on the Volkhov near Borisoglebskaya and Petrovskaya towers.
Taking advantage of the fact that the defenders focused on the defense of the eastern side and did not expect an attack from the west, the Delagardi warriors went on the assault on Okolny City in several areas at once.
The infantry rushed into the resulting gaps, which soon recaptured the Chudintsev Gates from the defenders and opened them to Delagardi's strong cavalry.
From the towers of Okolny City, the Russians methodically fired on the Swedes, however, after the cavalry attack, which began to quickly take over the streets, the fate of the city, despite the stubborn foci of resistance, was a foregone conclusion.
Buturlin's warriors, who didn't initially have a good relationship with Odoevsky, after a brief resistance to the Swedes fled to the Trade side, robbing its along the way, and then retreated to Yaroslavl.
With a quick strike, the Swedes captured the Great Bridge over the Volkhov, cutting off the remaining defenders' path to retreat.
The rest of the agreement repeated the provisions of the Teusina and Vyborg Treaties, maintained the old order in administration and legal proceedings, guaranteed the inviolability of the Orthodox faith and emphasized the alliance against the Commonwealth.
After the election of Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom in 1613 and the loss by the Swedish king of the chances of the Moscow throne, the Swedish position in Novgorod was tightened.
Only the military failures of the Swedes, in particular during the Siege of Pskov in 1615, set King Gustav II Adolf to peace talks.
One of the most complete collections of documents of Novgorod office work during the Swedish occupation is the Novgorod occupation archive, which is stored in the State Archive of Sweden in Stockholm.
Simon Porter also known as Simon Kent (fl.1421-1451) of Reading, Berkshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Reading May 1421, 1422, 1425, 1432, 1433, 1435, 1437, 1447, February 1449, November 1449 and Mayor of Reading 1427-8, 1429-30, 1441-2 and 1450-1.
The album was demoed in Mexico with Reuben Bullock, bassist Ian Jarvis, guitarist Brock Geiger and Christopher Hayden as the producer.
The Vanadis expedition was a sailing expedition around the world with the frigate Vanadis visiting South America, Oceania, Asia, and Europe.
Other participants were Crown Prince Oscar, meteorologist Gottfrid Fineman and physician and marine biologist Dr. Karl Rudberg along with more than 300 officers and sailors.
On board was also the Swedish archaeologist and ethnographer Hjalmar Stolpe who during land excursions collected 7500 cultural specimens for an intended ethnographical museum in Sweden.
On the third of April 1884 Vanadis arrived to Callao, a port town 10 km from Lima, During the time Vanadis visited Lima, Hjalmar Stolpe did excavations at the archaeological site in Ancon.
In May 8–12 they reached the first port, Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands and next stop was Fakarava in the Tuamotu Islands (15-17 May).
Tahiti in the Society Islands was next island and here they stopped for almost two weeks (19 May - 2 Jun), followed by Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands (20 June - 10 July).
At the time the Philippines was part of the Spanish Empire and the Spanish governor wanted to make an impression on the Swedish Crown Prince.
And he succeeded, Crown Prince Oscar was surprised by all the dinners, parties, excursions, flags and decorations in Swedish colours and fireworks that was arranged for them.
He hired a boat but after just a few hours at sea there was technical problems and they were forced back to land close to the village Cabeaben in the Mariveles mountains.
Here they met people and Ekholm took about 20 photographs and Stolpe documented tattoos and managed to get hold of 80 objects, most of them from the boattrip to Mariveles.
They were met by the royal ship HMS Vesatri and the Swedes went over to Vesatri where they were welcomed by the ship's Danish captain Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu and his younger brother Lieutenant Louis du Plessis de Richelieu.
The voyage into Bangkok went past what the crew experienced as very exotic landscapes and then up the Chao Phraya River.
On board lunch was served with the entertainment of a forty-strong orchestra and after five hours moored the yacht at the Grand Palace.
The company received a warm reception from Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse, who made wagons available to them, and they were driven to the Prince's Palace (Saranrom) where most of them would spend the night.
Commander Otto Lagerberg, Prince Oscar and the other officers received an invitation and after the usual honors, there was entertainment and display of the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaeo.
The visit was only a few days but during this time Stolpe managed to collect an impressive collection through gifts from officials they met but also through buying every day objects at the bazaars.
Ekholm managed to take several portraits of various people from the area and Stolpe met Wilhelm von Malein, a Russian who spoke Swedish.
Unfortunately, there was a clash of characters between Hjalmar Stolpe, the expedition ethnographer, and the ship's captain, Otto Lagerberg, and when the Vanadis reached Calcutta in December 1884, Stolpe left the expedition, arranged for permits to travel through northern India and Kashmir for three months, and made his own arrangements for the return trip to Sweden.
During his time in India Stolpe collected many ethnographical objects with the aim of providing ‘a far richer picture of the northern Indian people’s way of life and cultural position’.
Svante Natt och Dag tells in his book about a trip to Kairo and the pyramids that a little group from the ship did the next day, amongst others the Crown Prince, Captain Lagerberg and Oscar von Heidenstam who was Swedish consul-general in Alexandria at the time.
Here they met consul-general Olof Fredrik Gollcher who arranged for the Crown Prince and a few others to visit the theatre.
The Band of the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals was a regimental military band in Canada based out of Canadian Forces Base Kingston in Ontario.
In the early 40s, a bugle band was attached to the RCCS and went with the unit during its tour of duty in Europe.
On 1 March 1950, officers of the RCCS were presented a drum major's ceremonial mace and sash for use by the regimental trumpet band that predated the brass and reed band.
The mace and sash were stored at Vimy Barracks until required for use by the band, which at the time consisted staff members of a base training establishment.
A year after its creation, it was designated as the sole band to perform public duties and state functions in the National Capital Region, a similar role to the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces today.
Due to its proximity to the Royal Military College of Canada, the band often performed at ceremonies the occur at the RMC (examples including the RMC-West Point hockey game, graduation parades and the Tattoo Ceremony), often in a more senior role compared to the Bands of the RMC.
In the latter part of the decades, it was assigned to Canadian Forces Europe, in which it provided support to the regimental contingent at Canadian Forces Base Lahr.
The last major event the band took part in was the Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo 1967 for Canada's centennial celebrations that year.
In October 1968, as a result of the Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces earlier in the year, the band was merged with the Royal Canadian Dragoons Band to become the Band of CFB Kingston.
Also known as the Vimy Army Band, it served as part of the successor organization of the RCCS, the Communications and Electronics Branch.
In the 1970s the case the mace and sash were contained was moved to the Communications and Electronics Museum where they remained on display.
In 1986, the tradition was reinstated for the Vimy Band and in 1987, a new drum major's sash was created, going into use until the band was disbanded in 1994.
On 18 July 1854 he married Mary Ann Shrewsbury, eldest daughter of Thomas Shrewsbury in St John the Baptist Church, Beeston.
He died on 25 March 1900 at his residence 8 The City, Beeston, Nottingham and left an estate valued at £413 17s 4d.
The facade's first-story, with its recessed center doorway and border of black tiles with orange lozenges, was the result of a 1926 remodeling.
He supplied the original ties for the Union Pacific Railroad by floating them down the Payette River to 'Boomerang' the name he gave to present day Payette.
At the time of National Register listing, the Moss family still owned this building, which was in use as a senior citizens center.
B. Moss came to the Payette valley, and in the next year he got a contract from the Oregon Short Line Railroad to supply 250,000 railroad ties.
He and a brother established a railroad supply camp store in Payette which eventually became the Moss Mercantile Company, the largest store in the area.
Its native range is India and S. China and Indo-China to Malesia, with no subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life.
In the late 1780s, she performed in the French provinces with her father, the opera singer Henri Larrivée, her mother, the soprano Jeanne Larrivée née Lemière, and her sister Camille, a harpist.
The 2020 New York City FC season is the club's sixth season of competition and its sixth in the top tier of American soccer, Major League Soccer.
Due to their final standings for the 2019 season, the NYCFC will enter the competition in the Fourth Round, to be played May 19–20.
The Chairman and two members of the council are appointed by the President, two members respectively by the Senate and the Mazhilis for a term of 6 years.
The decision of the Constitutional Council in whole or in part may be objected to by the President, which can be overturned by two-thirds of the votes of the total number of members of the Constitutional Council.
Only the President, Chairman of the Senate, Chairman of the Mazhilis, at least one fifth of the total number of deputies of the Parliament, the Prime Minister are allowed to appeal to the Council, as well as the lower courts in a case of infringement of human rights and freedoms and citizen normative legal acts.
The Constitutional Council considers all decisions made and laws passed by the Mazhilis, as well as international treaties to ensure they are compliant with the constitution.
Malta was ruled by the Byzantine Empire, from the time of the Byzantine conquest of Sicily in 535-6 to 869-870, when the islands were occupied by Arabs.
Historians theorise that Byzantine Malta was exposed to the same phenomena affecting the Central Mediterranean, namely a considerable influx of Greek settlers and Hellenic culture, administrative changes brought about by the reorganisation of Sicily along the lines of a Byzantine theme, and significant naval activity in the Mediterranean following the rise of Islam.
While there are studies about alleged Byzantine or Christian survival, the sparseness of evidence implies a weak case for a lasting Byzantine legacy in Malta.
In a passage by Victor Vitensis, Bishop of Vita, historians infer that towards the end of the fifth century, the Maltese islands were conquered by Vandals from their Kingdom in North Africa, and then handed to Odoacre, the Ostrogothic king of Italy.
Historians theorise that Malta remained in Vandal hands from around 455 to 476, and then granted to Odoacre as tribute, before passing on to Theodoric after this defeat of Odoacre in 493.
There is no evidence of a Bishop of Malta before 553, with no record appearing of a Maltese bishop attending any council in Vandal Africa.
However, as no episcopal lists survive from Africa, historians are unable to assess whether Malta had a bishop or whether the islands formed part of the African church at this early stage.
In the same passage, Procopius describes Malta as dividing the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas, indicating that the islands may have lied on a maritime border separating Vandal and Byzantine spheres.
Artabanes failed to catch up with the expedition before it sailed for Sicily, and his own fleet was driven back and scattered by severe storms in the Ionian Sea, with Artabanes himself being unexpectedly saved after landing in Malta.
The first reference of a Bishop of Malta appears in three letters from Pope Gregory I, with the Pope asking Bishop Lucillus of Malta in 592 to ensure that the Maltese clergy holding lands belonging to the African church should pay the tax due on them.
The lands are assumed by historians to be in Malta, and their link with the African church may be linked with Vandalic rule in the previous century.
The second letter, dated October 598, asks the Bishop of Syracuse to depose Lucillus for an unspecified crime, to punish his accomplices by putting them in monasteries and removing their honours.
While there appears not to be enough evidence to cast Malta as a suffragan bishopric of Syracuse this early, the letters appear to reveal close ecclesiastical and administrative bonds between the Maltese see and the Syracuse bishopric.
Malta may have been similarly linked with the secular administration of Sicily, as suggested by a civil geographic list compiled by George of Cyprus around c. 603 - c. 606.
This reveals that by 637, the date of the revolt which led to the exile of John Athalarichos and Theodorus, Malta may have been governed by military officers, similar to the way Sicily and Italy were being ruled.
Other historians have gone beyond this analysis, saying that Malta was the base of an important naval squadron under direct imperial, rather, than thematic, control.
However, the lack of evidence and sources, as well as historical close links between Sicily and Malta, are seen to count against both the existence of such a governing structure for Malta, as well as the existence of an important Byzantine naval base on the islands.
Recent excavations have shed more light on Malta's role as a trading post, with regional political powers having strong vested interests in Malta during the 8th century.
The islands are seen to act as a somehow privileged territory, acting as a bridge between North Africa and the south of Italy.
Malta was capable of importing large amounts of goods from far off regions, and of links with both Byzantine and Arab trading networks.
Urban cores, such as Melite, were comparatively affluent, politically powerful and enjoyed access to various imported goods, while peripheral areas such as Ħal Safi, had access to more basic material culture.
Historians contend that the transfer of Sicilian dioceses from the Patriarchate of Rome to Constantinople, and the elevation of Syracuse to metropolitan status, obscure the ecclesiastical organisation of Malta during this period.
No Bishops of Malta appeared at Roman synods or in Ecumenical councils in the East in the seventh, eight or ninth century.
A Maltese bishop named Manas may have attended the Eight Ecumenical Council held in Constantinople in 869-870, and is identified with a Maltese bishop held as a captive in Palermo by the Aghlabids in 878.
In at least seven notitiae, the bishopric of Malta is classified as a bishopric under the metropolitan see of Syracuse, or belonging to the province of Sicily.
A fortified wall with at least one tower was built around part of the site, possibly as a response to the Arab threat.
More than two hundred Byzantine coins were found in the drain of the baptismal font, dating from the mid-4th century, the reforms by Justinian (538-9) and a gold coin dated to Constantine IV.
The architectural and artistic style prevalent in Malta was not that of Constantinople proper but rather the Byzantine styles of Sicily.
The number of Greek inscriptions found in Malta and Gozo lead historians to believe that a degree of Hellenisation occurred, in a similar manner to the process seen in Sicily.
Ceramic remains from Tas-Silġ span from the sixth to the ninth century, evidence that the harbour and settlement had links over centuries with various parts of the Mediterranean.
In 1768, 260 late Roman North African amphorae were found stacked in a chamber of the Kortin warehouses, twenty four of which had graffiti of a religious nature on them.
Given the distance from the main town, historians assume that these warehouse facilities were used for redistribution towards other harbours in the Central Mediterranean.
Large quantities of Byzantine era pottery were also found at the Kortin promontory in Marsa, with traces of a fire leading excavators to assume that the buildings and the quay were abandoned in late eight or early ninth century, with the date established due to the presence of globular amphorae on site.
Warehouses in the inner harbour at Marsa were abandoned earlier than those in Kortin, due to silting, with no evidence of use found by the fifth or sixth century.
Due to the silting, the main maritime activity probably concentrated on the Kortin area, a hypothesis which is confirmed by a number of later burial sites.
Other burial remains linked with the Byzantine era are a number of catacombs, including St. Paul's catacombs, the Abbatija Tad-Dejr hypogeal complex, and Tal-Barrani.
With the loss of the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa first, and eventually the loss of Sicily, Malta found itself in an increasingly politically fragmented Mediterranean.
Malta lost out on its position between the Aegean and North Africa when the Byzantine Empire lost the grain producing provinces of Africa.
The islands experienced a less favourable economic situation, the abandonment of the Marsa main port and warehouses, as well as Arab raids.
This new geopolitical fragmentation was mirrored by developments in Malta, as rural settlement sites were either abandoned or witnessed serious declines in the eight and ninth centuries, with burial sites across the islands being abandoned, implying the abandonment of open spaces in rural and coastal areas and a move to fortified nuclei.
The main urban centre of the island, Melite, was heavily modified during this period, with changes including the strengthening of fortifications and the addition of a fortress within the town.
Although its strategic position meant that Malta came under increasing pressure, there are no references to raids on Malta before the ninth century.
There is a reference to a probable raid on Malta in the chronicles of Ibn al-Athir in 835-836, saying that Abu Iqal, from the al-Aghlab dynasty, prepared an expedition which attacked the islands near Sicily and obtained great plunder.
This attack is usually taken to be nothing more than a reconnaissance raid, as historians view the attack to be too early for a definitive conquest of Malta.
Of all the islands around Sicily, Malta was the last to remain in Byzantine hands, and in 869 a fleet under Ahmad ibn Umar ibn Ubaydallah ibn al-Aghlab al-Habashi attacked it.
The Byzantines, having received timely reinforcements, resisted successfully at first, but in 870 Muhammad sent a fleet from Sicily to the island, and the capital Melite fell on 29 August 870.
The local governor was captured, the town was plundered—Ahmad al-Habashi reportedly took along the local cathedral's marble columns to decorate his palace—and its fortifications razed.
The fall of Malta had important ramifications for the defence of what remained of Byzantine Sicily: with Reggio Calabria and now Malta in their hands, the Muslims completed their encirclement of Sicily, and could easily interdict any aid sent from the east.
Ibn al-Athir recounts that in 869-870, the Emir of Sicily sent an army to Malta, as the island was being besieged by the Byzantines who then fled.
This date is also confirmed by a Greek chronicle from Cassano, Calabria, saying that the island of Melite surrendered on 29 August 870.
This date is again confirmed in another Arab source, the Kitab al-'Uyun, which says that Malta was conquered by Abdallah I, and gives the date for the conquest to be three days before Ramadan 256 AH, that is, 28 August 870.
The siege of Melite (modern Mdina) was initially led by Halaf al-Hādim, a renowned engineer, but he was killed and replaced by Sawāda Ibn Muḥammad.
The city withstood the siege for some weeks or months, but it ultimately fell to the invaders, and its inhabitants were massacred and the city was sacked.
However, Ibn al-Athir states that by 870 Malta was already a Muslim settlement, and that the Arab-held island was being besieged by a Byzantine fleet.
After a relief force was sent from Muslim Sicily, the Byzantines retreated without a fight on 28 Ramadan 256 (29 August 870).
Some historians surmise that the local population sided with the Byzantine fleet, breaking a prior covenant with the Arab rulers, such that the Muslims then retaliated, imprisoned the bishop, and destroyed the islands' churches.
Historians cannot confirm whether this attack was an attempt to recapture the islands and establish a naval base, or whether it was a punitive attack on pirates which may have operated from the islands.
XOR is a technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California, which provides automated communication and chatbot solutions for the recruitment industry.
Tasks performed by the chatbot include data collection, candidate pre-screening, responding to frequently asked questions about a vacancy or a company, and scheduling interviews for recruiters.
Initially the company’s operations were focused in Eastern Europe and Russia, with partnerships with X5 Retail Group and Headhunter.ru among others.
Between 2018 and 2019, the company tripled its sales in the U.S. and closed deals with over 100 customers in 15 countries.
XOR's chatbot is functional in over 100 languages and can be used to communicate with candidates through a number of platforms.
In a survey with participation from 10,000 candidates who interacted with the XOR chatbot, 93% of users rated the experience as excellent.
The Faceless Voice (Italian: La voce senza volto) is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Gennaro Righelli and starring Giovanni Manurita, Vanna Vanni and Laura Nucci.
Penalty points were received for obstacle faults (3, 4, 6, or 8 points based on severity) or exceeding the time limit (0.25 points per second or fraction thereof over the limit).
Norway Proper as a geographic term in 20th and 21st century usage generally refers to those parts of the Kingdom of Norway that are located on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Before the 20th century the term was often used in English as synonymous with South Norway, the oldest and most densely populated part of the kingdom that historically formed its core territory, and excluded the more recently colonised and sparsely populated Northern Norway.
The term Norway Proper always excluded historical dependencies and territories of Norway outside of Scandinavia, such as Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and the joint colonies of Denmark-Norway such as the Danish West Indies, the Gold Coast, and the East Indies.
Lick Run drains of area, receives about 44.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 417.44, and has an average water temperature of 8.26°C.
Giovanna de Oliveira (born 28 August 1992), usually known as Giovanna Oliveira and sometimes simply as Giovanna, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a full back for Norwegian Toppserien club Avaldsnes IL and the Brazil women's national team.
Penalty points were received for obstacle faults (3, 4, 6, or 8 points based on severity) or exceeding the time limit (0.25 points per second or fraction thereof over the limit).
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
She represented Poland at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
At the 2009 European Championships she won the bronze medals in the women's 50 metre freestyle S12 and women's 100 metre freestyle S12 events.
At the 2015 World Championships she won the bronze medal and set a new European record in the women's 100 metre butterfly S13 event.
The main tournaments on the PGA Tour of Australasia are played in the southern summer, so they are split between the first and last months of the year.
The late November to December events are deliberately timed as the major events of the season, as most top golfers around the world will spend their time in Australia for these major events, after the North American and European tours have concluded their seasons.
The number in brackets after each winner's name is the number of PGA Tour of Australasia events he had won up to and including that tournament.
Yakob Sayuri (born 9 September 1997) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a winger for PSM Makassar in the Liga 1.
He made his international debut for Indonesia U-23 on 7 June 2019 against Thailand U-23 and Philippines U-23 on 9 June 2019 at 2019 Merlion Cup.
Anatoli Vasilyevich Ivanov (; June 26, 1934 – April 02, 2012) was a russian solo-timpanist, percussionist with the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, book author and People's Artist of Russia (1997).
President of the Russian Association of Percussion Performers, member of the Percussive Arts Society, conductor, member of the Russian Authors Society.
Franco-Italian, also known as Franco-Venetian or Franco-Lombard, was a literary language used in parts of northern Italy, from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century.
Absent a standard form for literary works of the Italian language at the time, writers in genres including the romance employed a hybrid language strongly influenced by the French language (at this period, the group called langues d'oïl).
The last original text of the Franco-Italian tradition is probably Aquilon de Bavière by Raffaele da Verona, who wrote it between 1379 and 1407.
Oney Tapia (born 27 February 1976) is a visually impaired Italian Paralympic athlete competing in discus throw and shot put events.
He represented Italy at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's discus throw F11 event.
In 2018 he won the gold medal in the men's discus throw F11-13 event at the Para Athletics Grand Prix in Rieti, Italy.
At the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships he won the gold medals in both the men's shot put F11 and men's discus throw F11 events.
The Chelsea, also known as Chelsea Hotel, is a hotel located on the Atlantic City boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
The original hotel was a 400-room Holiday Inn and a 340-room Howard Johnson which was purchased and then renovated in 2008.
In 1975, a fire broke out at the Sheraton-Deauville which caused $250,000 in damages and forced the evacuation of 300 guests.
In 2008, the Holiday Inn and Howard Johnson was remodeled and opened as The Chelsea after undergoing $100 million in renovation costs.
The hotel has a ground level pool called Oasis and a rooftop pool and bar called the Cabana Five Bar & Pool Deck.
The mineral content of the waters consist of arsenic, boron, chloride, fluoride, iron, lithium, manganese, magnesium, potassium, silica, sodium, sulfate and zinc.
Before the arrival of Europeans, the springs were used by the Ancestral Puebloan people, and later by Ute, Navajo and Apache.
Parliamentary elections were held in Uzbekistan on 22 December 2019, with a second round in 25 of the 150 constituencies on 5 January 2020.
With the adoption of a new electoral code in June 2019, this was the first election in which all seats in the Legislative Chamber were directly elected; previously fifteen seats had been reserved for the Ecological Movement.
Other reforms included a new requirement that all candidates be nominated by a political party, and a minimum quota of 30% of female candidates for each party.
However, after the first round of voting, President Mirziyoyev and the Chairman of the Central Election Commission made rare public acknowledgements of the existence of opposition parties, and raised the possibility that they would be allowed to participate in future elections.
These statements were made amidst an outbreak of protests over shortages and high prices during the campaign period, and the increased use of social media to discuss politics in the country.
In the second round, the 50 candidates contesting the 25 remaining seats included 15 from the Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party, 11 from the Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party, 10 from the Justice Social Democratic Party, 9 from the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan and five from the Ecological Party.
season was the club's 84th season in the Football League, and the 31st consecutive season in the fourth tier (now renamed as League Two).
The Hong Kong Be Water Act of 2019 is a proposed legislative bill, introduced in October 2019, that calls for sanctions and the freezing of assets under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act of Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese officials as well as state-owned enterprises involved in the suppression of demonstrators' freedom of expression and assembly during the 2019 Hong Kong protests.
Lomaridium is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
After her studies, she worked in Geneva and Washington, D.C. as a communications consultant for the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, which is related to the FDP.
In May 2016, the state representative assembly of the Schleswig-Holstein FDP elected Jensen to fourth place in the list for the 2017 federal elections.
On 31 January 2018, she assumed the chairmanship of the Bundestag Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid, making her the youngest committee chairwoman in the history of the Bundestag.
The Women's Franchise reported that Hatton had contributed hand-painted bookmarkers for sale by the Woman Writer's Suffrage League at the Women's Social and Political Union exhibition in 1907.
Her husband died in 1940 and she died on 24 October 1955, aged 96, at the Thames Bank Nursing Home in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.
Exhibitions range from the Archaeological Collection with finds from the prehistory and early history of the Ulm region (including the famous Lion-man), to paintings and sculptures created during the Late - or International Gothic art period and the Renaissance in Ulm and Upper Swabia.
Conservator and university professor Julius Baum became the founding director and first art historian of the museum on 1 April 1924.
The museum's permanent archaeological exhibition was redesigned in 2014 after further fragments of a 35,000 to 41,000-year-old mammoth ivory sculpture were recovered at the original site in the Lone Valley.
The partly animal, partly human figure is called the Lion-man and represents an upright standing human with the head and the limbs of a cave lion.
In an extremely complex restoration process in 2012/13, the figurine was completely re-assembled from over 300 fragments and has since revealed new details.
There is, above all, the exhibit of a Neanderthal thigh bone, the only substantial piece of evidence of this species ever found in Baden-Württemberg.
A chronology of the region's International Gothic art period has been demonstrated, supported by valuable exhibits beginning with Meister Hartmann and Hans Multscher to Martin Schaffner, Michel Erhart, Hans Schüchlin, Jörg Stocker, Niklaus Weckmann, Bartholomäus Zeitblom to Daniel Mauch.
The Late Gothic cultural landscape of Upper Swabia and the Allgäu is illustrated by the works of Bernhard Strigel and others, which allows valuable direct style studies and comparisons.
Representative works of artists of the 20th and 21st centuries also belong to the Ulm collection, among them Paul Klee, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke and Franz Marc.
Amongst publisher Kurt Fried's 1959 to 1981 private collection the visitor will find works by Frank Stella, Mark Rothko, Roy Lichtenstein, Günther Uecker, Yves Klein, Daniel Spoerri, Josef Albers, Max Bill and Gerhard Richter.
The museum presents a variety of exhibitions in order to make the complicated relations among Ulm's Late Gothic artists come to light.
The focus of research is on the Ulm families of artists around Hans Multscher, Jörg Syrlin the Elder, Jörg Syrlin the Younger, Michel Erhart, Gregor Erhart and Daniel Mauch.
Since November 14, 1999 there has been a new presentation in the extension building on the subject of European and American Art after 1945.
It was provided with single- and twin-gun mounts, the latter being designated as the 3.7 cm Flak 43 Zwilling and was in service from 1944 to 1945.
In addition to versions used by the (German Navy), it served as the main armament of the Ostwind and Möbelwagen and was proposed for use in the Flakpanzer Coelian self-propelled AA guns.
Rheinmetall-Borsig redesigned the Flak 36/37 to incorporate the gas-operated breech mechanism of the MK 103 and to reduce the number of man-hours required to manufacture it from 4320 to 1000.
The feed tray was positioned inside the oversized trunnions at the gun's center of gravity so it could be reloaded without disturbing the gun's aim.
The used a version of it on surface ships as the 3.7 cm Flak M43 in its own single- and twin-gun mounts; its Flak LM 44 mount had the guns side-by-side, unlike the Zwilling.
It consists of shrimp coated in a flour, egg, beer and cornstarch batter (known in French as à l'Orly) and then deep fried in olive oil.
The name of the dish comes from the way the batter covers the shrimp, as it does so in the fashion of a trenchcoat.
Lomariocycas is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
This list of British journalism awards is an index to articles about notable awards given to journalism in the United Kingdom.
She is interested in interactions between Roman migrants and people already living in North Africa, particularly in the late Antique period.
Her doctoral research was undertaken at Paris-Sorbonne, where she studied the cult of Aesculapius and his assimilation with the Punic god Eshmun and a Libyan healing deity.
This is part of her ongoing study into how the gods of the classical pantheon were adopted and adapted in North Africa - particularly Neptune and Aesculapius and their roles in cults of healing in North Africa.
In particular she is interested in how contemporary Roman and Greej writers have preserved snippets of information about the Berber women they encountered and these excerpts form some of the only surviving information we have about these African women's lives.
Benseddik studies how frontiers were created in Roman North Africa and has examined inscriptions that portray these points, for example at the fort at Touda.
Dating to the third and fourth centuries AD, this site demonstrates that forts were important to regulate the trade that came across the Saharan plateau and the High Plains.
Benseddik has also drawn together the histories of collecting antiquities in Algeria, and written a full history of museums within Algeria, and about it but abroad.
The Boston Glory is a professional ultimate team that plays in the East Division of the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL).
On September 27, 2019, the AUDL announced that franchise rights had been sold for the Boston area, and that the ownership group was looking for operating personnel with the goal of beginning play in the 2020 season.
Former ultimate players Peter Collery and Robert Ruocco were announced as co-owners, and Mat Little and Jay Talerman were announced as general manager and director of operations, respectively.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
In the distant past some Jews moved to this island after the kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar I -the king of Babylon and the commander of its armies- due to chaos in the east of the country.
The current number of Jews on the Djerba island does not exceed two thousand person, knowing that they are the descendants of the first immigrants to be mixed with the inhabitants of the land and that their survival on the religion of their fathers (Judaism) shows that Islam is not a hostile religion, otherwise this group of Jews had either been exterminated or expelled from the country.
As the novel depicts the full details of Nada's life and Rima's life, it shows how fate drives them together to meet.
The story takes place in two areas: the first on the Djerba island in Tunisia and the second in the ancient city of Qana in southern Lebanon.
The novel illustrates the relationship of Muslims with others, especially Jews, and also highlights the differences between Muslim women and Jewish women and their positions in the Quran.
The novel seems to convey the author's wishes and does not describe the reality of life, because in the Jewish community in Arab world, their relationships are largely limited to themselves.
Prior to his List A debut, he also played in second XI matches for Worcestershire County Cricket Club in England during 2019.
The oldest part of the facility, the eastern courtyard, which was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt in the Jacobean style, was opened as the Belper Poor Law Union Workhouse in September 1840.
The facility became the Babington House Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and it joined the National Health Service as Babington Hospital in 1948.
In June 2018 the NHS Southern Derbyshire Clinical Commissioning Group announced plans to transfer services to a modern facility in Derwent Street.
René-Julien Marquis (28 March 1846 – 24 November 1928) was a French naval officer who was the father of André Marquis.
Son of a notary, he entered the (Naval School) in October 1862 and graduated as an 1st class in October 1865.
Thanks to his conduct at the Fort de Rosny and the battles of the Avron plateau, he was promoted to lieutenant for warships in December 1870.
In January 1879, he embarked on the ironclad as a firing squadron officer of evolutions and became in May 1881, maneuver officer on the Intrepid.
Deputy Chief of Staff in Toulon (June 1893), commander of the ironclad , he obtained in April 1894 a testimony of satisfaction for the quality of his instruction given to gabiers.
In June 1895, he commanded the ironclad in the Mediterranean squadron and again deserved congratulations for having failed the ironclad (December 1895).
Major of the navy in Toulon (October 1897), he commanded in July 1898 the unprotected cruiser at the Far East squadron and became superior commander at Kouang-Tchéou-Wan newly sold by China to France.
Major General at Rochefort (May 1899), Rear Admiral (July 1899), he commanded the 2nd division of the Mediterranean squadron on the pre-dreadnought battleship (October 1901) then on the pre-dreadnougth before being promoted to vice-admiral in October 1903.
Maritime prefect of Rochefort in December 1903, he became maritime prefect of Toulon in September 1905 and retired in March 1911.
Himself a painter and musician, Marquis is noted for having encouraged the young Charles Millot, alias H. Gervèse, later the (Artist of the Navy).
The species was first proposed in 2011, and the name is derived from Saurashtra, the region where it was first isolated.
The cells are halotolerant, and can survive in NaCl salt concentrations up to 15%, and can grow in concentrations of 8%.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Peridiscus lucidus is a species of flowering plant, the only species in the genus Peridiscus, which is one of four genera within the family Peridiscaceae.
She is the High Commissioner for Bangladesh to the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Liberia, and the first female to hold those positions.
Tasneem was formerly the High Commissioner to Thailand and Cambodia and Bangladesh's representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
Her family moved to Beirut, Lebanon in 1975 in order for her father to complete his Ph.D at the American University of Beirut.
She attended the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and graduated in 1988 with a Bachelors of Science in Chemical Engineering.
She later completed her Master of Science degree in public policy and management at the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies.
While working as a senior consular official to Bangladesh's mission to the United Nations, on October 23, 2003, her husband spent at a strip club in New York City on four credit cards.
After news agencies began to report on the incident, the Bangladeshi Ministry of Foreign Affairs recalled Tasneem from her position on June 4, 2004, alerting her and Chaudhury to return to Bangladesh immediately.
On November 30, 2018, Tasneem was appointed as the 20th High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Liberia, succeeding Md Nazmul Quaunine.
On May 1, 2019, Tasneem attended a reception at Buckingham Palace, where she presented Quaunine's letter of recall and her letter of credence to Queen Elizabeth II.
During the meeting, Tasneem wished the Queen for good health and prosperity, and made the request for two forests in Bangladesh (one of which being Lauachhora forest) to be included under the Queen's Commonwealth Canopy — while the Queen praised Bangladesh's economic growth and women empowerment.
Tasneem thanked Higgins for his support of Bangladeshi diaspora within Ireland, while Higgins professed his admiration of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sheltering of 1.1 million Rohingya refugees from neighbouring Myanmar.
She also openly invited Higgins to open an Irish embassy in Dhaka and to frequently hold bilateral talks to improve relations.
In 2014, Tasneem was appointed as Bangladesh's permanent representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP).
On February 23, 2017, at a ceremony in Dhaka, Tasneem was awarded the Atish Dipankar Peace Gold Award from deputy speaker Fazle Rabbi Miah.
She received the award in recognition of her work to promote interfaith dialogue and peace, particularly during her role as High Commissioner to Thailand.
As of 2019, in more than 827 episodes, the program has found more than 1610 missing people and has helped to solve about 25 murders.
The program is broadcast live weekly with a duration of about 3 hours and investigates disappearances helping to find missing people and solve crime cases.
Guests that have appeared on the show include Kerry Needham and Christine Needham, mother and grandmother of missing boy Ben Needham.
Several later-convicted murderers have appeared on the show, either as guests or to search for their missing victims in an attempt to draw away suspicion.
As of 2019, in more than 827 episodes, the program has found more than 1610 missing people and has helped to eliminate about 25 murders.
The show has been registered in the Guinness Book of Records twice, originally in 1998 for the discovery, in a span of 75 episodes, of 85 missing people with a record of finding a woman living in France and missing for 58 years within 10 minutes.
The 2020 Los Angeles FC season is the club's third season, and third season in Major League Soccer, the top-tier of the American soccer pyramid.
Los Angeles FC will play its home matches at the Banc of California Stadium in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles.
Outside of MLS play, the team will participate in the 2020 U.S. Open Cup tournament, and qualified for the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League.
Due to their final standings position for the 2019 MLS season, Los Angeles FC will enter the competition in the Fourth Round, to be played May 19-20.
The prize is awarded each year for exceptional early career contributions to the application of physics in an industrial or commercial context.
The cells are halotolerant, and can grow in NaCl salt concentrations up to 10%, and optimally grows in concentrations of 5%.
The firm designed two houses and a church's chancel in Highland Park; the Granville-Mott House is the largest of these works.
Its gable roof and extensive half-timbering are typical Tudor elements, while its casement windows and overhanging eaves are inspired by the Prairie School.
On 5 September 5 1898 she married Alfredo Frassati who would be the founder of the newspaper La Stampa in 1900.
His daughter Luciana Frassati, born on August 18 , 1902 († the October 7 , 2007), will be the mother of Italian MEP and parliamentarian Jas Gawronski.
Ricardo de Aparici (23 June 1940 – 19 December 2019) was an Argentinian politician and governor of the province of Jujuy between 1987 and 1990.
Léon Barnaud (28 December 1845 – 29 August 1909) was a French naval officer, father of Pierre Barnaud and Jacques Barnaud.
In 1873, he was assigned to the rifle battalion of Lorient where he was promoted to lieutenant on August 3, 1875; he followed the courses of the School of Pyrotechnics and then of the School of Underwater Defenses, before serving on the ironclad in squadron of evolutions from 1878 to 1879.
On May 12, 1888, he became second-in-command of the frigate on the ironclads and ; he was awarded Officer of the Legion of Honor on December 30, 1890; in 1891, he took command of the protected cruisers , then in the Mediterranean Wing.
On 1 January 1894, he was reassigned to Toulon, where he was promoted to captain on 14 March 1895 and in the process, he became director of submarine defenses in the 5th maritime district.
In 1901 and 1902, he was commanding the protected cruiser and the Pacific Naval Division, before being appointed rear admiral on 21 October 1902.
In 1903, he was appointed president of the Standing Commission for the Control and Revision of Armament Regulations, member of the Navy Advisory Committee and the Lighthouse Commission.
From late 1903 to 1905, he commanded a division of the Mediterranean Wing with his flag on the pre-dreadnought battleship .
From 1906, he was responsible for the services of the armed fleet; he was named Commander of the Legion of Honor on 13 July 1906; he was promoted to vice-admiral in August 1907 and became president of the Navy Technical Committee on November 9 of the same year and in 1909, also president of the Hydrographic Committee.
The Pikauba Lake is a body of water in the watershed of the Chicoutimi River (via Kenogami Lake) and the Saguenay River.
Lac Pikauba is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region from Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The watershed of Lake Pikauba is mainly served indirectly by the route 175 which links the city of Quebec (city) to Saguenay (city).
The surface of Lake Pikauba is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of Pikauba, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-Pikauba.
The lake Pikauba has a length of , a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
This lake has a bay stretching for to the northwest; the first outlet (Pikauba River) to the lake is located on the southwest shore of this bay.
It has a second outfall located on the north shore of another bay on the north side flowing into the Cyriac River.
It also includes a bay (south side) receiving the outlet from Lake Verchères, a small bay on the east shore receiving the outlet from Lac des Bouleaux, another bay on the east shore receiving two streams.
This lake has a narrowing generating a strait of a hundred meters in width demarcating the northern part of the lake.
Charlotte Feldman Muller (born 1921) is Professor Emerita of economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and Associate Director for economics at the International Leadership Center on Longevity and Society, Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
After his death, she married for the second time to Carl Schoenberg of Teaneck, N. J., director of publications for the Child Welfare League of America, Inc. in 1970.
Later she was a Professor of Urban Studies at Center for Social Research at City University of New York, as well as a Professor of Economics at Graduate Program in Urban Planning at Hunter College.
In 1978 she was one of the organizers of Census Bureau Conference on Issues in the Federal Statistical Needs Relating to Women.
Currently Muller is Professor Emerita of economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and Associate Director for economics at the International Leadership Center on Longevity and Society at Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
Weingarten locked down American rights but spent five years gathering rights in other countries to attain worldwide rights to the character.
The script was drawn from a number of Simenon's original novels and the setting was moved up to the then-modern 1980s.
Ikubese is from Delta state in Nigeria, a geographical area occupied by the minority tribes in Nigeria as well as the Igbo people.
In bid to obtain a university degree he migrated to Kenya where he applied to United States International University in Nairobi to study International Relations and eventually got accepted and obtained a B.Sc.
Ikubese began his career as a professional model in his university’s campus and eventually was crowned Mr.Nigeria as well finishing as first Runner-up at the Mr.World male pageant.
Ikubuese after his successful run as a model, ventured into the Nigerian movie industry which is known most commonly as Nollywood and gained significant recognition after he secured a role in the MTV Tv series titled Shuga where he played the role of a character named Femi.
Located in the Cité Descartes in Marne la Vallée, it will result from the fusion of the University of Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, the IFSTTAR national research institute and the close association of three engineering schools and a school of architecture.
The University of Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM) and the IFSTTAR national research institute are fully fused into the new university; whereas three engineering schools, ESIEE Paris, the École des ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris (EIVP), and the École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG Géomatique); along with the École d'architecture de la ville & des territoires Paris-Est; join the new university while each retaining its separate legal status.
1 is the debut extended play by hip hop collective Members Only, which, at the time, only consisted of XXXTentacion and Ski Mask the Slump God.
Young originally attended Cathedral High School in Los Angeles, California before transferring to Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana, California for his final two years.
A five star recruit, he originally committed to the University of Southern California (USC) to play college football but later decommited to go to the University of Alabama.
The 2019 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 24–25 August 2019 at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
The British Championships for 10,000 metres were held during the European 10,000m Cup as part of the Night of 10,000 metres PBs event at Highgate Stadium on 6 July.
The airline was established following the UK referendum vote to leave the European Union and the airline's preparation against possible outcomes of Brexit.
EasyJet structured itself as a pan-European airline group with three different air operator's certificates, each based in Austria, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EasyJet plc is thus a pan-European airline group with three airlines based in the UK, Austria and Switzerland (easyJet UK, easyJet Europe, and easyJet Switzerland), all owned or part-owned by easyJet plc, based in the UK and listed on the London Stock Exchange.
The James Asposas House, at 1610 Fifteenth Ave. in Lewiston, Idaho, was designed by architect James H. Nave and was built in 1904.
It is one of nine houses built in 1904-07 in the Blanchard Heights development, on a hill overlooking Lewiston to the north.
In 1581, the Cesi Chapel was commissioned by Isabella Liviani Cesi, greatgrandmother of Federico Cesi, founder of the Accademia dei Lincei.
The church was associated with a seminary, and the collegiata has various canvases, from 16th to 18th centuries, at independent altars.
Lisandru Tramoni (born 18 April 2003) is a French professional footballer who plays as a Forward for the French club AC Ajaccio in the Ligue 2.
Tramoni made his professional debut for AC Ajaccio in a 2–1 Ligue 2 loss to Troyes on 21 December 2019, at the age of 16.
Baixada Santista LRT is a light rail transit system which operates in 2 cities in the Baixada Santista, state of São Paulo.
Currently, it attends only the cities of Santos and São Vicente, but the cities of Cubatão and Praia Grande are planning future branches of the system.
The project of Baixada Santista LRT emerged as a way for the Government of São Paulo to reuse the tracks the central area of São Vicente and Santos inherited from FEPASA, which operated in this stretch the Intra Metropolitan Train between 1990 and 1999, and was used for cargo transportation until January 2008.
On 29 May 2013, the construction of the first stretch of the LRT began after a ceremony with Governor Geraldo Alckmin, of President of Legislative Assembly of São Paulo Samuel Moreira, and other authorities.
Previously, Alesp had approved a bill that authorized the State Government to contract a loan with financial institutes controlled by the Union, by the cost of R$ 400 million (US$ 185.1 million, as of 2013), so it could be invested in the project of the system.
On 6 June 2014, Governor Geraldo Alckmin opened the first 5 stations of the LRT system, besides it was not operational: Mascarenhas de Moraes, São Vicente, Antônio Emmerich, Nossa Senhora das Graças and José Monteiro.
The first test was made on 30 August 2014 in a stretch of , between stations Nossa Senhora das Graças and José Monteiro.
On 18 November 2014, the LRT supervised operation began, which consisted of a trip of 10 minutes between stations Antônio Emmerich and Mascarenhas de Moraes.
In this mode of operation, two composition operated from Mondays to Fridays, between 1PM to 4PM, with average speed of in a stretch of more than .
On 10 April, the opening hours were extended, working between 7AM and 7PM, making possible the use of the system during peak hours by workers in Baixada Santista.
In the CCO, it's made the control of the operation, of the energy systems, of the electronic movement of the passengers (boarding and exit) and of the security of stations and tracks.
In Port rail yard is located the train park, with capacity for up to 33 LRTs, and area for maintenance, train washing equipment, wheel grinding area, depots, administration and energy sub-station.
On 19 June 2016, the LRT began integration with 37 metropolitan bus lines as part of the Metropolitan Integrated System, aiming the restructure of the public transportation in Baixada Santista, providing the commuters more mobility with economy.
This list of board game awards is an index to articles that describe notable awards given to creators of board games.
Anatomi showcased its first Fall/Winter 18 collection within the official Paris Fashion Week schedules in March 2018 and also showcased its Spring/Summer 19 and Spring/Summer 20 within the New York Fashion Week scheduled in September 2018 and September 2019.
The WCWA Brass Knuckles Championship was a professional wrestling championship sanctioned by the National Wrestling Alliance and promoted primarily in the Texas territory.
The brass knuckles championship was promoted from 1953 through 1987, and was defended primarily in the Dallas–Fort Wortharea as part of Southwest Sports, Inc..
It continued to be used after the promotion changed its name to Big Time Wrestling and, finally, World Class Championship Wrestling.
As it is a professional wrestling championship, it is won not by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match.
The NWA Texas Brass Knuckles Championship was created in 1953 in the Houston, Texas National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) territory Southwest Sports, promoted by Ed McLemore.
Over the years Bull Curry would win the championship a record setting 24 times, with Mark Lewin and Bruiser Brody tied for second most reigns at eight total.
Due to a lack of documentation, especially from the 1950s to the 1970s, it is possible that Curry won the championship more than 24 times.
Abdulla the Butcher]] was the last wrestler to win the championship in Texas, defeating The Great Kabuki]] on July 4, 1986.
The championship was not promoted again until WCWA announced that Tony Atlas had won the championship at a non-WCWA show in Montreal, Canada.
No record exists of Montreal show, leading to the possibility that the Atlas title victory was fictitious and used to explain why the championship was no longer used.
Over the years the championship has been vacated several times, often with a tournament held to determine the next champion, only details of the 1968 tournament, won by Kurt Von Hess, and the 1969 tournament, won by Baron Von Rascke]] have been found.
The NWA Brass Knuckles Championship Tournament was a one-night single elimination tournament held on August 6, 1968, for the vacant NWA Brass Knuckles Championship.
The NWA Brass Knuckles Championship Tournament was a one-night single elimination tournament held in Dallas, Texas on June 3, 1969, for the vacant NWA Brass Knuckles Championship.
She began her skating career competing for her native France at the pre-novice level in 2014, but by 2016 had begun representing Switzerland.
Mazzara made her international junior debut for Switzerland in November 2017 at the Cup of Nice, where she finished 11th overall.
Later on, in the same month, Mazzara won the silver medal in the junior-level ladies event at the Merano Cup in Italy.
In January of 2018, Mazzara won her first and only Swiss junior national title and was assigned to compete at the 2018 World Junior Championships.
In August 2018, Mazzara made her ISU Junior Grand Prix debut at the 2018 JGP Slovakia in Bratislava where she finished tenth.
Later on in the season, Mazzara competed under the Swiss flag as a guest at the 2019 French Championships, finishing seventh at the senior level and second at the junior level.
Mazzara returned to representing France in 2019, now coached by Florent Amodio and Françoise Bonnard in Vaujany, France after the passing of her former coach Jean-François Ballester in late 2018.
She began her season by placing first in the junior ladies event at the French test competition, Master's de Patinage, and received two Junior Grand Prix assignments: 2019 JGP Russia and 2019 JGP Italy.
After her junior events, Mazzara made her first senior start at the 2019 Tallinn Trophy where she finished fifth, and later competed at the 2019 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb, her first Challenger event, where she finished ninth.
She finished ninth overall, and set new personal bests in all three segments, surpassing her previous best total score by nearly seven points.
Frigate captain (December 1886), second of the protected cruiser (1887-1889) then of the ironclad (1889–1891), he commanded from 1891 to 1893 the cruiser Duchaffault and was appointed captain in July 1893.
He then commanded the pre-dreadnought battleship (1894-1895), the coast defense ship (1896–1898) and the cruiser, school-ship of application of the before entering in 1900 the Works Council.
Chief of staff of the Mediterranean squadron on the pre-dreadnought (1902), he was appointed rear admiral in June 1903 and director of the Superior School of the Navy.
The series' cast to portray the characters from the musical, also with their respective characters of Archie Comics from the series.
A television series which served as a follow up to the 2002 film, but NBC cancelled the series due to low ratings.
In 1913 Brindley was arrested and sentenced for breaking shop windows in Oxford Street, whe served a five-month sentence at Holloway.
As lead guitarist he led the Gramblers' bravura live shows, including appearances at Bonnaroo Music Festival, Newport Folk Festival, Hardly Strictly Bluegrass and Red Rocks Amphitheatre with Tedeschi Trucks Band.
He performed in local bands in an active youth music scene that included Cass McCombs, Todd Sickafoose (Ani DiFranco), Mike Silverman aka That 1 Guy and Peter Hayes (musician) of Black Rebel Motorcycle Club.
With Bluhm the band toured the West Coast for the next few years and had modest success, but it was the band's one-take performance of Hall and Oates' I Can't Go For That (No Can Do), performed live in their moving tour van, that went viral and amassed over a million fews in a week and made NBG a breakout act.
Over the next year they made appearances at some of the top festivals in the country and sold out shows across the country.
They appeared on late night TV like Conan and were even featured on New York Magazine's Pop Culture Matrix and toured Europe in 2016.
Ney is a cousin of country music legend Tex Ritter, Three's Company actor John Ritter and actors Jason Ritter, Tyler Ritter and singer Carly Ritter.
The backing band included Tim Lefebvre (David Bowie, Tedeschi Trucks Band), Pete Levin (Gregg Allman, The Highwomen), and Ryan Avellone (The Brothers Comatose).
Dave Mulligan and Mike Curry of The Gramblers, Los Angeles-based singer Lauren Barth, and The Mother Hips' Greg Loiacono sing harmonies.
Ney appears with the Gramblers in the Elvis Presley documentary The King (2017 American film), where they performed live in Presley's 1963 Rolls Royce Silver Cloud.
The film was directed by Eugene Jarecki and features interviews with Rosanne Cash, Ethan Hawke, Chuck D, Van Jones, Alec Baldwin, Emmylou Harris and more.
Backline works in conjunction with some of the top charities in the industry to provide musicians with a case worker to help them navigate the web of resources available to them.
Line 1: Barreiros ↔ Porto is currently the only operational line of Baixada Santista Light Rail in São Paulo state, Brazil, opened on 31 January 2016.
Opened on 31 January 2016, this was the first LRT line built in Baixada Santista Metropolitan Region, under the responsibility of Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo (EMTU), reusing the track that cross the central areas of São Vicente and Santos, previously used by FEPASA, which operated the Intra Metropolitan Train between 1990 and 1999, and was used for cargo transportation until January 2008.
Within a day, an Elite Model Management scout who was present at the time signed her to Elite worldwide and sent her to Paris.
She has walked for Chanel, Carolina Herrera, Elie Saab, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Giambattista Valli, Prabal Gurung, 3.1 Phillip Lim, Jill Stuart, Miu Miu, Hermès, Blumarine, Intimissimi, and Emilio Pucci.
Elizabeth Anna Ainsworth (commonly identified as Lisa Ainsworth) is an American molecular biologist currently employed the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS).
She also is an Adjunct Professor of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and was awarded the 2018 Crop Science Society of America Presidential Award.
She is probably best known for her recent work concerning the effects of specific atmospheric pollutants, including ozone and carbon dioxide, on the productivity of selected major crops such as corn and soybeans.
She was a doctoral student under the supervision of Stephen P. Long at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, before spending a year as a Humboldt Fellow at Juelich Research Center.
Ainsworth is a plant physiologist at the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service with the Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit.
Her research was the first to make use of biochemical and genomic tools to establish the mechanisms by which plants respond to climate change.
As part of SoyFACE Ainsworth leads an open-air laboratory that allows her to grow plants in atmospheric conditions that are similar to those predicted to be present in 2050.
It is important to grow the soybeans out of a greenhouse to ensure their phenotype is more representative of those farmed in the real world.
SoyFACE is a multi-faceted study that involves the use of satellite instruments, ozone surface monitors, metablomic approaches and historical yield data.
To achieve this, Ainsworth has developed high-throughput DNA phenotyping to understand the genes and networks of genes responsible for ozone sensitivity.
This allows her to establish the genetic changes that occur in plants due to climate change, as well as monitoring which plant species survive best in an effort to breed more ozone-tolerant varieties.
She showed that during the 2010s a large proportion of the United States soybean and corn harvest has been lost to ozone pollution.
She estimates that current ozone levels decrease corn yields by up to 10%, which is comparable to the amount lost to drought, flooding or pests.
In 2011 Ainsworth identified that future levels of ground-level ozone could reduce the yields of soybeans by almost one quarter by 2050.
The publication list on her UICI web page identifies her as author or co-author of 33 articles about her work from 2014 through 2019.
Linden Stephens (born March 21, 1995) is an American football cornerback for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL).
Stephens was signed to the Denver Broncos practice squad on November 21, 2018 and stayed with the team for the remainder of his rookie season.
The 2020 Scotties BC Women's Curling Championship, the provincial women's curling championship for British Columbia, is currently being held January 28 – February 2 at Western Financial Place in Cranbrook, British Columbia.
He served as a member of parliament for the Bawku constituency from 1956 to 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
He contested for the Bawku seat with Adam Amandi of the Northern People's Party who had represent the electoral area in the Legislative Assembly from 1954 to 1956.
Pearson was born at Tettenhall, then in Staffordshire, the eldest son of barrister John Pearson (1771-1841), a senior East India Company official who served as Advocate-General of Bengal from 1824 to 1840, and his wife Jane Elizabeth Matilda Hooke (1784-1833).
That November, he fought at the Siege of Bharatpur under Lord Combermere and was a volunteer from the cavalry at the final assault on the fortress, for which he received a medal.
Promoted lieutenant on 1 August 1826, Pearson was ADC to the Earl Amherst during his visit to Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who presented him with a sword of honour for successfully riding an hitherto unmanageable horse.
He subsequently transferred to the 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot, receiving a captaincy in the regiment on 16 August 1831.
In December 1843, he fought under Sir Hugh Gough at the Battle of Maharajpur during the Gwalior Campaign and was again decorated.
During the First Anglo-Sikh War, Pearson commanded a squadron at the Battle of Aliwal, commanding his regiment during the later part of that battle and again at the Battle of Sobraon, for which he was twice mentioned in dispatches.
Promoted to major-general on 4 February 1872 (ante-dated to 6 March 1868, with pay from 5 February 1872), he was placed on the retired list on 1 October 1877, with the rank of lieutenant-general (retired) from the same date.
Nasser Al-Daajani (; born 17 January 1997) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as an midfielder for Pro League club Al-Taawoun on loan from Al-Ahli.
On 1 February 2017, he signed a three-year contract with the club, which also happened to be his first professional one.
On 31 July 2018, Al-Daajani signed a four-year contract with Al-Ahli and was subsequently loaned out to Portuguese side Fátima until the end of the 2019–20 season.
Vasey was born in Blackpool and was brought up in Manchester and, after attending a finishing school in Germany, took private art classes in Manchester with the artist William Fitz during 1909.
In 1936 she moved to Newlyn in Cornwall to attend the Stanhope Forbes School of Painting and also took classes with Lamorna Birch.
From the beginning of World War II, Vasey mostly lived in Wales and won first prize for a painting at the Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1946.
She was a member of the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts and regularly exhibited works there from the 1930s thru to the 1960s.
She was also a member of the Society of Women Artists and the Royal Cambrian Academy and regularly exhibited with the Royal Society of Portrait Painters in the 1950s and, throughout her career, at the annual exhibition of modern art held at the Atkinson Art Gallery in Southport.
The same body organised a touring retrospective exhibition of her work in 1991 and both the National Library and Manchester Art Gallery hold examples of her work.
William E. C. Tait (1886 – 1946) was a Royal Navy officer who became Governor of Southern Rhodesia after his retirement in 1944.
Four years later, he became commander in chief of the Africa Station and was transferred to the South Atlantic Station in 1942.
Willie Earl Walker (December 21 or 23, 1941 – November 19, 2019), known as Willie Walker or Wee Willie Walker, was an American soul and blues singer.
In 1960, while touring, Walker and a bandmate decided to stay in Minneapolis with a member of another gospel group, the Royal Jubileers, rather than returning to Memphis.
In Minneapolis, he joined a local R&B vocal group, the Val-Dons (later Valdons), who became successful in and around Minneapolis–Saint Paul.
Due to a misunderstanding he missed the opportunity to be promoted by influential radio DJ John Richbourg, and Goldwax refused to release him from his contract to allow him to work with Curtis Mayfield.
The game has an obstacle course reminiscent of the original game's notoriously difficult Turbo Tunnel, but instead of the original's side view, the one in the reboot has the camera behind the bikes.
The game received its first gameplay trailer at the June 2019 E3 and was playable at Microsoft's November X019 trade show.
The game was originally anticipated for a 2019 release as an Xbox One exclusive, but it currently has no projected release date.
In partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), their headquarters is located in Saint Paul, Minnesota, with member coalitions in the United States and Canada.
The World Health Organization lists the IAC on their Global Vaccine Safety page, noting the availability of their materials in various languages such as Korean, Vietnamese, and Turkish.
Its spread was aided by the fact that the Emirati government blocks certain functions of other messaging services such as Skype and WhatsApp, and was apparently the first Voice over IP app to gain regulatory approval.
That ToTok appeared to not be affiliated with a powerful country may also have helped its popularity in the Middle East.
As of December 2019, ToTok was among the most-used 50 free apps in several countries including Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, India and Sweden.
, the app had 7.9 million downloads between the iOS App Store and Google Play, with nearly two million daily users.
Instead, it gives the government access to the information shared through the app, as well as to other information on the smartphone that the government can access through permissions granted by users in order to enable the app's features.
– 1943) was a Royal Navy officer who served as the Director General of the Egyptian Ports and Lighthouses Administration after his retirement in 1930.
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center is a comprehensive, tertiary care and teaching hospital, with a Level I Trauma Center and Level III Perinatal Center, serving the Lake View communities of Chicago, Illinois’, North and Northwest Sides.
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center was founded in 1897 by the Belden Avenue Baptist Church Steadfast Sunday School class (2309 N. Halsted Street) as the Chicago Union Hospital to meet the needs of the local community.
Originally a two-and-one-half story frame building which was rented for $50 a month, It contained 30 beds, 10 used by nurses, house physicians and staff, and 20 by patients, 5 of whom could afford to pay for their hospitalization.
It was well since Masons were planning to develop a hospital to provide care for their own, and in 1921 purchased the Union Hospital and named it Illinois Masonic Hospital.
Illinois Masonic Medical Center became a hospital member of Advocate Health Care in November 2000, a multi-hospital non-profit healthcare system serving the greater Chicagoland area.
Advocate Health Care announcer plans in 2003 for a $30 million upgrade for facility renovations and clinical and quality system upgrades as part of a turn-around plan for the hospital.
In 2002, the hospital suffered losses of $18 million due to reductions in federal and state government payments to providers of medical care.
The new building, attached to the main hospital, allowed Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center to expand and centralize three medical specialties—cancer care, digestive health and outpatient surgery services—in a single, integrated platform.
The Foundation utilizes its resources to further the health care, charitable, educational and scientific purposes of the Medical Center as envisioned by its original Masonic founders.
It pursues these goals through creation of new programs, support of existing programs, campus improvements and the provision of charity care.
In the winter of early 1895 Monet decided to undertake a painting trip to Norway, where his eldest stepson, Jacques Hoschedé, was living at the time.
The journey, by train and ferry, was long and exhausting and on arrival in Christiana (now Oslo) he spent several days looking for suitable subject matter, eventually ending up in a farmhouse occupied by other artists in the area of Sandvika (or Sandviken), some 15km (9.3 miles) west of Oslo.
There, after painting scenes of the local fjord and a nearby village, he created a series of paintings of Mount Kolsaas.
In Monet's typical style, each painting was done out of doors at different times of the day and in different weather conditions.
In 2014, a fire truck smashed into one of its locations at the intersection of Garfield Ave and Emerson; in August 2018, health inspectors closed the 153 E Garvey location for two days due to violations.
Vice-Admiral John George Lawrence Dundas, CB, CBE (1893–1952) was a Royal Navy officer who served as the Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1944–1945.
Dundas's father was a grandson of the 1st Earl of Zetland and, when his elder brother inherited the earldom in 1873, Cospatrick was afforded the style of a peer's younger son.
After his death in 1906, Maud remarried (in 1912) to the army officer and colonial administrator Major Sir Harry Edward Spiller Cordeaux.
Promoted to Lieutenant-Commander in December 1923, He completed training at the Naval Staff College in 1924 and served as the gunnery officer for the 2nd Cruiser Squadron.
Between 1930 and 1932, he was gunnery officer to the Mediterranean Fleet; after serving on HMS Valient, he attended staff training at Camberley in 1935 and was promoted to Captain.
Several months into the Second World War, he was given command of the light cruiser (1940–1942), and was involved in escorting the Russian convoys.
Dundas was Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet from 1942 to 1943, when was appointed Chief of Staff, Levant.
Brigid Laffan is an Irish political scientist and the Director of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute.
Warden Run drains of area, receives about 43.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 418.24, and has an average water temperature of 8.14°C.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The listed buildings consist of farmhouses and farm buildings, a house and associated structures, a chapel, and a church with an attached school.
The unit moved once again to the Simms Building on the corner of Kent and Hillsborough Streets in Charlottetown in 1936 and on November 1, 1941 the unit was commissioned as a division.
Today, Queen Charlotte trains sailors and teams for Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) domestic and international operations, while at the same time supporting the Navy's efforts in connecting with Canadians through the maintenance of a broad national presence.
La Chica de Rojo is the debut studio album by Chilean singer Monserrat Bustamante (later known as Mon Laferte), released on July 12, 2003 through Warner Music Chile The album was produced by The Paper Kites and Peter Katis.
The album was number one in Chile and was certified Platinum + Gold in Chile just a month after its release.
Building plans were developed by Idaho Falls contractor John Hayward with input from American Falls doctor C. F. Schlitz, who became the hospital's attending physician.
It was built as a 21-room hospital which could accommodate 42 patients; patients from the county were charged $2.50 per day and out-of-county patients $3.00.
The building was bought in 1973 by the local American Legion post, and at time of National Register nomination used it for a private meeting hall and lounge, with occasional rental for social functions.
A very interesting fact is that there is a preserved document according to which in Kyustendil in 1570 there was a professional chess player.
The Kyustendil Pasha was the first to be mirmiran in the Ottoman Empire because of the glorious military history of the city with the Battle of Velbazhd and because of Konstantin Dragash, who is the grandfather of the last Roman emperor (Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos) and at the same time the great-great-grandfather of the first Russian tsar (Ivan the Terrible).
WASP-21 is a G-type star (spectral type G3V) that is reaching the end of its main sequence lifetime approximately 850 light years from Earth in the constellation of Pegasus that is very similar to our own Sun.
In 2019 the WASP-21 system was chosen as part of the NameExoWorlds campaign organised by the International Astronomical Union, which assigned each country a star and planet to be named.
The winning proposal named the star Tangra after a deity worshipped by the early Bulgars, and the planet Bendida after a deity worshipped by the Thracians.
This list of dance awards is an index to articles that describe notable awards for dance, including classical and contemporary dance on stage and in films or television shows.
The lists are organized by the country of the sponsoring organization, and most awards are limited to artists in that country.
Poličná was a part of the town of Valašské Meziříčí until a vote to separate the town was held on 21 April 2012, in which the majority voted in favor.
She was introduced to farming at the age of seven, when her parents gave her a strip of land to cultivate cabbages.
In 2007 she was awarded an American Association of University Women (AAUW) International Fellowship that allowed her to complete a doctoral degree in entomology at Auburn University.
Ngumbi is an active science communicator and has contributed to Mail & Guardian, The Moth, Scientific American and the World Economic Forum.
The valley was the site of some historical mining activity between the 13th and 16th centuries, although only small amounts of lead and silver were mined.
Eight information boards led from the Lagalb valley station to the Bernina Pass height in the Camino gallery, the only one still accessible, afterwards to the Pyrite - Arsenkies occurrence and also via the Fuorcla Minor.
The first ship, built in 1828, is generally recognized as the first ship in the service of what became the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O).
The firm of Fawcett, Preston and Company, of which William Fawcett was part-owner and manager, provided the steam engines, rated at 130 horsepower, for the ship.
The ship was sold to Richard Bourne and associates in 1832 for service with the Dublin and London Steam Packet Company.
In 1837 and again in early 1838, the ship was chartered by the Peninsular company for a trip from London to northern Spain and return.
The ship was refitted later in 1838, and afterwards chartered by the Peninsular company for two trips between London and Madeira.
Krhová was a part of the town of Valašské Meziříčí until a vote to separate the village was held on 21 April 2012, in which the majority voted in favor.
At the 2009 IPC Swimming European Championships he won the gold medal in the men's 50 metre freestyle S11 event and the silver medals in the men's 100 metre backstroke S11 and men's 100 metre freestyle S11 events.
The company is known for its denim jeans and hand bags sold at retail outlets in the United States that were first popular with models Karlie Kloss, Miranda Kerr, and Emily Ratajkowski.
Frame was founded in 2012 by Swedish entrepreneurs Erik Torstensson and Jens Grede following careers at creative agency, The Saturday Group, in which the founders sold a majority stake to Omnicom in 2015.
In 2014 and 2018, Frame founders Erik Torstensson and Jens Grede were named to Business of Fashion’s BoF 500 list of people shaping the global fashion industry.
As of 2019 the company owns and operates ten stores in Aspen, Dallas, Greenwich, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco.
His time in South West Africa was during the period where the United Nations had declared the South African control over Namibia as illegal, and was during the South African Border War versus SWAPO.
The award was founded by King Hamad II on April 17, 2008, to recognize services towards the development of the country.
Wendy Heather Woods (born Bruce on 5 February 1941 - 19 May 2013) was a South African educator and anti-apartheid activist.
Woods worked with her husband, journalist Donald Woods, on anti-apartheid activities and both fled into exile to the United Kingdom in 1977.
She did well in school, skipping a year ahead and eventually leaving home at age 16 in 1958 to work in Pietermartitzburg as a librarian.
Her family had a cottage in Transkei Wild Coast, which is where she met her future husband, Donald Woods as a young person.
Eventually, her husband was banned by the South African government, so Woods would have to talk to people, including the media, in his stead.
During the 13 day inquest, her five-year-old daughter was sent a shirt that was laced with acid by the security police, burning her and spurring the family to choose exile.
Woods left the next day with her children and was able to make it past the border by distracting the border official.
Her husband traveled all over the world during their exile, campaigning against apartheid and Woods stayed in London, caring for their children.
She worked as the foundation's chair for ten years, helping to build health clinics, educational workshops and other programs for vulnerable people and children in the Eastern Cape.
Rommy Rebeca Romero Villalba (born 11 May 1989), usually known as Rebeca Romero, is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder.
In 1957, a group of German clubs based in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area came together to form the Volksfest Association, which represented German Minnesotans at that year's centennial statehood celebration.
In 1965, it purchased a home on Summit Avenue for $57,500 () and refurbished the interior to accommodate large social gatherings.
Originally built in 1906 for the family of George W. Gardner and his wife, Claribel, the 301 Summit Avenue home had four stories, including a third-floor ballroom and ratskeller.
By the 1960s the Sisters of St. Benedict had outgrown the property, and in 1965 they sold it to the Volksfest Association before moving to Maplewood, Minnesota.
The building also served as a community hub where German Americans, Minnesotans of German heritage, and anyone interested in German culture could come to learn and celebrate.
During the 1980s and 1990s, the Volksfest Association board of directors underwent a generational shift as younger members replaced older ones.
In 1994 members decide to transform the organization from a social club into a non-profit institute and rename it the Germanic-American Institute, or GAI for short.
The organization's shift in focus was also precipitated by an influx of non-Germanic immigrants to the Minneapolis area, as well as the perceived disconnect between newer generations and their German heritage.
Among other programs, the GAI offers a summer language camps for children, provides comprehensive German language instruction to adults ranging from new to fluent speakers, and hosts events and speakers that celebrate and promote understanding of German culture, traditions, and history.
It recognized that although German American millennials had grown up in a globally connected world, they were further removed from their German heritage than ever before.
To adapt to this change, the GAI began restoration projects for the house and parking lot and planned new programs to attract younger generations of visitors.
He began his political career in 1983 at the Ministry of the Economy and Finance before being appointed as Financial Director at the Ministry of Higher Education and Research along with Laurent Fabius and Hubert Curien.
A member of the Socialist Party, he ran for the 9th arrondissement of Paris in the 1983 French municipal elections, which he lost.
He was on the board of directors at ESPCI Paris and was present when Pierre-Gilles de Gennes and Georges Charpak won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
The Dynamiques stated that they would coordinate with other networks of Algerian civil society with the aim of fundamentally reorganising the political structure of the Algerian state.
The founding meeting of the Dynamiques de la société civile was held on 15 June 2019 as a meeting of civil society.
Membership of the Dynamiques de la société civile includes the Confédération des syndicats algériens (CSA), including 15 of its autonomous trade union members, medical professionals' groups, FOREM (created by ), the Algerian Society of General Medicine, SNAPO, (RAJ), El Baraka, El Irshad wa el-Islah and the Algerian think tank (NABNI).
Lyes Merabet of the CSA stated in August that the panel could have been complementary to the work of the Dynamiques.
The Dynamiques planned a meeting on 17 August 2019 to follow their initial 15 June meeting, but administrative delays forced them to delay the meeting and hold it on 24 August.
Tools available from LIPID MAPS enable scientists to identify likely lipids in their samples from mass spectrometry data, a common method to analyse lipids in biological specimens.
LIPID MAPS was founded in 2003 with NIH funding and is currently a joint project between the University of Cardiff, Babraham Institute, and UCSD funded by the Wellcome Trust.
After the creation of Central Upper Nile State from Eastern Nile State on January 14, 2017, Monybuny became governor, due in part to ties with Vice President Taban Deng Gai.
As a member of the England team she won the silver medal in the team all-around event at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
In the same year shea also won the silver medal in the team all-around event at the 2010 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Birmingham, England.
Cercidiphyllum magnificum, known as the large-leaf katsura or magnificent katsura tree, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cercidiphyllaceae native to Honshu, Japan.
It is grown as an ornamental tree for its heart shaped leaves that in autumn turn a mixture of bright yellow, pink and orange-red.
The short shoots bear large cordate (heart-shape) or reniform (kidney shaped) leaves with palmate venation and crenate margins, while the long shoots have leaves that are elliptic to broadly ovate with entire or finely serrate margins.
The species is dioecious, having separate male and female trees, with small inconspicuous flowers appearing early in spring that are wind pollinated.
The Institute of Democratic Society is a Chinese human rights advocacy non-profit started in 2009 by Lan Zhixue and other lawyers.
It has been involved in activism relating to several prominent controversies involving speech, dissent, internet freedom, civil procedures, and government transparency.
The game was released as an Early Access on August 15, 2019 and the full release was on December 13, 2019.
The player has to move through carved out walls, dodge or break obstacles that come towards him following the beat of the music.
Buttons are needed to navigate through the menu and pause/exit the game, but the game itself is played only by moving the each part of the body to the exact position.
There are also golden gems placed on the map for the player to grab, they are optional but the increase the final score.
If the player misses a wall, the combo meter restarts to 0 and the life bar of the player is damaged.
All this information (score, combo meter and health bar) is displayed in the floor so the player can look at it at any time.
At the end of each game, there is a screen that shows some stats such as number of gems collected and walls performance.
Besides the score counter, combo meter and health bar, each time the player miss a wall, there are red particles flashing and the haptic vibration from the controllers is activated when the player misses a blue wall, revealing which hand isn't well positioned.
Another good tool for the player is a shadow projected over the walls, that helps to improve body positioning, specially for newcomers.
Currently the game has one album with 12 different songs with styles that go from euro pop to trap, electro and k-pop.
The game also has support for custom songs and counts with an open source level editor that can be downloaded from the game's website.
The game also includes a tutorial that shows the fundamentals of the gameplay and let the player practice with some basic poses.
Along the latest months of 2019, the game was also released in different VR arcade platforms such as Springboard, Synthesis VR and Ctrl V.
Right now Odders Lab has communicated through its social networks that the game will arrive to other VR platforms outside the PC, such as Oculus Quest, PSVR and Pico VR.
During its Early Access stage the game received positive reviews and feedback to improve the player experience with more settings and new content.
The game also got rebranded, as it was firstly known as OnShape, but Odders Lab decided to change the name because there is 3D software also called OnShape.
Although the game has not been specifically marketed as a fitness game, players and content creators have labeled the game as a medium-intense cardio exercise.
This leads to a pilgrimage of sorts as people from all over the world are inexplicably drawn to the mountain to find the hole they fit in; the hole that's made for them”.
Originally intended to serve as a fleet flagship, the start of World War I in July 1914 forced the Navy to simplify her design in the hopes that she could be completed in time to see service during the conflict.
She was laid down in January 1915 at the Germaniawerft shipyard, but as resources were diverted to more pressing projects, including U-boat construction, work on the ship slowed; she was launched in June 1917, but only to clear the slipway for other work.
Design work on the began in 1910 in the context of the Anglo-German naval arms race, with initial discussions focused on the caliber of the main battery; previous German battleships had carried guns, but as foreign navies adopted and weapons, the German naval command felt the need to respond with larger guns of their own.
The design staff settled on the 38 cm caliber since the 40 cm was significantly more expensive and the 38 cm gun marked a significant improvement over existing German guns.
As work on the first two units of the class— and —began, the design staff examined the latest developments in foreign warships and learned that the latest British battleships, the , would have a high top speed.
This proved to be impossible, because the decision was made to outfit the new vessel as a fleet flagship, and the larger bridge necessary for an admiral's staff more than offset the reduction in weight.
Tirpitz presented the finalized design for the new ship to Kaiser Wilhelm II for approval in June 1914, during the Kiel Week sailing regatta, calculated to take advantage of Wilhelm's good mood to secure his approval for the skyrocketing price.
Later that month, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated, leading to the July Crisis that started World War I in late July.
She would also have been fitted with five torpedo tubes submerged in her hull, one in the bow and two on each broadside.
The ship had been scheduled for the 1915 fiscal year, but due to the start of the war, she was begun early using war funds.
The contract that had been awarded to AG Vulcan was finalized on 29 December 1914, which specified the beginning of construction in January 1915, her launching in mid-1916, and completion in early 1917.
Her keel was laid down in Hamburg on 4 January 1915 under yard number 386, and AG Vulcan intended to rush work on the ship as much as possible.
But as resources and manpower were diverted to other, more pressing projects like the U-boat campaign against Britain, work on the ship slowed.
By December 1915, about 31 percent of her hull had been completed, which amounted to 60 percent of her outer hull plating below the waterline, 75 percent of her inner bottom, and 50 percent of her lower decks and bulkheads below the armor deck.
Work on assembling her propulsion system had begun in the workshop alongside the slipway, as had the manufacturing of her armor plate.
Further work on the hull proceeded more slowly in 1916, and her launching date was repeatedly delayed until she finally was ready to exit the slipway on 20 June 1917, a year behind schedule.
By that time, there was no intention to complete the ship, and her launching was primarily intended to clear the slipway for other projects.
After Germany resumed and greatly expanded the unrestricted submarine warfare campaign in February 1917, Admiral Eduard von Capelle, who had by then replaced Tirpitz as the head of the RMA, argued that capital ship construction should be halted in favor of U-boat construction.
According to Article 186 of the Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919, all German surface warships under construction were to be immediately broken up for scrap.
Andrew Joseph Reck (born 29 October 1927) is an American philosopher and emeritus professor in the Department of Philosophy at Tulane University.
Following the primaries' victory of Emiliano, considered by Italia Viva (IV) too close to the political positions of the Five Star Movement (M5S), Matteo Renzi announced that his party will run separately from the center-left coalition.
After the pre-electoral agreements between the three parties of the center-right coalition, Brothers of Italy announced that the candidate in the region will be Raffaele Fitto, MEP and former governor of Apulia.
The final choice will be determined by the outcome of the regional elections in Emilia-Romagna and Calabria which could upset the balance between the center-right forces and therefore lead to a modification of pre-election agreements.
Caroline Doig (1938 – 14 November 2019) was a paediatric surgeon and the first woman to be elected to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh council.
She graduated from the University of St Andrews, and began surgical training in Dundee, followed by paediatric training in Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, where she received her ChM (Master in Surgery) on staphylococcal wound infection and bacterial transmission.
She was the first women elected to Council at The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and at any royal college.
In 2018, she was invited to unveil a plaque at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh commemorating the achievements of the 'Edinburgh Seven', the first group of matriculated undergraduate female students at any British university.
It is named for Caroline Doig and Alice Headwards-Hunter, the first woman to sit and pass the examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1920.
The silver medal is awarded by the The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh every second year, recognising excellence within the female membership.
André Cheong Weng Chon (; ; born September 1966), is the Secretary for Administration and Justice, the second most senior government official in Macau.
He received a Bachelor of Arts in the Portuguese language from Beijing Foreign Studies University and a law degree from the University of Macau.
Cheong worked in Macau as an assistant to the Registrar and the Notary Public, as Registrar of the Real Estate Registry and as Director of the Judicial Affairs Bureau.
Cheong served as President of the Legal Aid Commission, a member of the Public Administration Reform Consultation Committee and a member of the Law Reform Consultative Committee.
The Leominster hoard is a hoard of coins and jewellery dating to the Viking period found near Leominster, Herefordshire in June 2015.
They did not report the find and instead sold it to dealers, except a few individual pieces which were reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme's local representative, Peter Reavill.
The hoard originally contained an estimated 300 coins, of which 31 have been recovered along with a silver ingot, a rock-crystal pendant mounted in gold wire, a gold bracelet, and a gold finger ring.
The economic value of the hoard has proved difficult to establish, as much of it is still missing and is presumed hidden or sold.
One collector who bought 16 of the coins estimated the value of the whole hoard to be as much as £3 million.
The film was produced after a 2017 Kickstarter campaign, and was also released as a children's book in May 2019, with illustrations by Vashti Harrison.
The film is about an African American dad who is attempting to style his young daughter Zuri's hair for the first time.
He co-directed the film with Everett Downing and Bruce W. Smith, with Peter Ramsey and Pixar animator Frank Abney serving as executive producers.
The film was also adapted into a children's book by Dial Books, written by Cherry and illustrated by artist Vashti Harrison, which was released on May 14, 2019.
He attended various programs in the country and abroad, such as courses at the Armed Forces of the Philippines Command and General Staff College, the Naval Staff College Course, at the Naval War College, in Newport, Rhode Island, and a graduate of Master of Science in Naval Resource Strategy at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, at the National War College in Washington, D.C., USA.
He commanded various ships and been in various commands and positions in the Philippine Navy and the Philippine Coast Guard, including the BRP Rizal (PS-74), Charlie Company Tactical Officer at the Philippine Military Academy, Assistant Chief of Fleet Staff for Operations, A3 in the Philippine Fleet, Director of the Naval Operations Center, Deputy Commander of Naval Forces Central, and Commander of Naval Task Force 50.
In 1977 he graduated from the Dniepropetrovsk Institute of the Arts, and in 1983 from the Leningrad Academy of Arts, where he obtained his doctorate in Art history.
During his studies, in the years 1977–83, Tochilkin had six hours of painting study each day, from eight o'clock in the morning until two in the afternoon, plus additional lessons on theories and art history.
In addition to influences by Italian academic painting and spanish painting, Tochilkin's paintings started to include expressive elements such as bold brush strokes and big patched of color.
In 1984 he married the Ukrainian artist Ina Belous, with whom he collaborated to give a series of collaborative artworks, which mix Belous' specific technique with Tochilkin's composition.
Post University, Long Island, in the United States; at the University of Camerino's museum, Italy; at the Heidelberg University's museum, Germany; at the Uzhhorod museum in Ukraine; and at international contemporary art fairs such as Art Miami or Art New York, as well as in a lot of art galleries in Europe and the United States.
In 1994, Mark Tochilkin was the subject of an article by Joseph A. Melamed, which recalls that the artist's artworks were acquired in various museums in Eastern Europe, such as the National Museum in Warsaw, and four Ukrainian museums from the time of the former USSR.
In 1995, he participated in a charity sale for the benefit of the AKIM association at Sotheby's with other personalities, including Robert De Niro, Whoopie Goldberg, Yitzhak Rabin, Oliver Stone, Diego Maradonna… The following year, he participated in a new charity sale in New York, for the benefit of the AKIM USA association with other personalities such as James Brown, Patrick Bruel, Phil Collins, or even Benjamin Netanyahu.
Art critic Grigori Ostrovski, Professor at the University of Jerusalem, specialized in the influence of Russian avant-garde movements in the world during the 19th and 20th centuries, describes Mark Tochilkin as a figurative painter working in an expressionist style.
He notes that Tochilkin's work is also characterized by a constant return to these same themes after intervals of several years.
The reviewer recalls that this series portrays a symbiosis of colors, compositions, lines and tones that echo the sound of music.
According to Ostrovski, this technique seems to be more effective: the double frame (one real, the other an illusion) appears to extend the painting's limits, thus creating a fascinating interaction between image and the viewer himself.
He recognizes that the artist's works are characterized by humor and compassion, and that Tochilkin approaches his subjects with love and irony.
His technique requires 3 or 4 months for each layer to dry before keeping up on the painting, which means that the artist is constantly working on different works.
Osaze was born and raised in Peckham, London, but is now based in Nottingham where he also preaches at the God's Vineyard Ministry where he was ordained as a minister in 2018.
Aged 15, having been excluded from school thirteen times and on the verge of being permanently expelled due to anger management issues, he turned to Boxing in 2009 after it was recommended to him by a friend who said it would be a great way to channel his energy positively.
He narrowly missed out on becoming a member of the England squad due to injury and was also in contention to represent Nigeria and attempt to qualify for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games after receiving a call up from the national head coach.
Osaze turned professional in 2017 under the tutelage of his coaches, former professional boxers; Barrington Brown, Mark Howell, and boxing manager Jimmy Gill who all believed that his fighting style was better suited to the pro ranks.
Osaze was crowned the winner of the Ultimate Boxxer III: The Middleweights in a night of action at The Indigo at The O2 in London on 10 May 2019.
He defeated Tey Lynn Jones in his first bout, dropping Jones in the second round to secure a unanimous decision (UD) victory.
Third-seeded Emily Hood and Mall Molesworth defeated the second seeds Marjorie Cox and Sylvia Harper 6–3, 0–6, 7–5 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1930 Australian Championships.
Elohim Prandi (born 24 August 1998) is a French handball player who plays for USAM Nîmes Gard and the French national team.
Sandra Brener Rosenthal (born September 27, 1936) is an American philosopher and former Provost Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Loyola University New Orleans.
In September 2017, he succeeded Jane Duncan as RIBA president, a role he held for two years before being succeeded by Alan Jones.
Sergei Amanovich Khummedov (, born 12 February 1957), better known by the pen name Sergei Aman (), is a Russian writer and journalist.
Mar Antony Prince Panengaden (born 13 May 1976) is an Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic hierarch, who serves as an Eparchial Bishop of Adilabad since 6 August 2015.
After his ordination he went abroad to pursue his studies in the Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome, Italy, with a Doctor of Biblical Studies degree.
Panengaden was engaged in the pastoral work as an assistant priest in the Holy Family Cathedral in Adilabad and as a priest in charge for the mission station in Saligao.
On 6 August 2015, he was appointed by the Pope Francis as the second eparchial bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Adilabad.
On 29 October 2015, he was consecrated as bishop by Major Archbishop Cardinal George Alencherry and other hierarchs of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church.
The station sits just over the border from the Canton of St. Gallen, and its name comes from the St. Gallen municipality of Häggenschwil and village of Winden in Egnach.
The award replaced Kniksen of the Year as the main award given to the best Norwegian footballer in a calendar year.
The first award was given in 2014 to Stefan Johansen, Until 2018, the award was given to only one player, either male or female.
Ada Hegerberg has won the award three times (in 2015, 2016 and 2018) and is the only player to win it more than twice.
The 1962–63 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 63rd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Also, it was the first season under this name after Birmingham and District League was renamed to reflect its actual catchment area.
The league featured 20 clubs from the Birmingham & District League previous season, no new clubs joined the league this season.
Governmental universities in Saudi Arabia offer free bachelor's degree education for Saudis and a monthly payment for each student during their studying period.
Bachelor's degree in Saudi Arabia takes 4 years in humanities and social science majors, medicine, pharmacology, engineering and applied sciences majors takes between 5 to 6 years of study.
King Saud University was established in 1957, the establishment of this university marked the beginning of the contemporary higher education in Saudi Arabia.
According to the governmental records, the number of Saudi students who registered for higher education in 2006 was 636,000 (268,000 were males, and 340,657 were females) 528,146 of them applied for bachelor's degree, 9,768 student applied for masters degree, and 2,410 student applied for doctorate.
The Saudi Ministry of Higher Education was established in 1975, to become the responsible entity of managing and laying the foundation of higher education in the kingdom.
The College of Shariah and Islamic Studies in Makkah is the first higher educational institution in Saudi Arabia, it was established in 1949.
King Saud University is the first modern university in Saudi Arabia, it was established in 1957 with only the Faculty of Arts and 21 students.
Now the university has many faculties including college of Arts, Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, College of Business Administration, Faculty of Computer Science and Information, College of Medicine, Pharmacology, College of Languages and Translation.
There are more than 29 governmental universities, that consist of colleges and faculties that issue certificates and degrees in the BA, MA, and PhD levels in many majors.
There are private colleges and community colleges that are a part of the governmental universities., there are also a number of academies around the kingdom, making 4 governmental Technical Colleges, 87 Intermediate Technical Colleges, and more than 38 public and private universities and colleges.
Scientific research is one of the most prominent areas that the kingdom support, being one of the ways to shift the national economy from depending on oil to knowledge-based economy.
There are more than 106 research centers in Saudi Arabia, several of them are massive such as King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology (KAST), and King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KA.CARE).
In the late 70s, the Saudi government has offered more seats for Saudi female students to apply for higher education as a way of helping women achieve more at that time.
According to the World Bank report, the number of Saudi female students in higher education outnumbered neighboring countries like Jordan, Tunisia, West Bank, Gaza City.
Nourah is a former teacher who studied in the United States and was appointed as Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Education.
Princess Nora University is the first College for Women in Saudi Arabia and the largest globally, it has 32 campus around Riyadh city.
The Ministry of Education provides its contributions to prepare and help Human Resources efficiently, to become a strong competitor on a local and global level, thus providing both governmental and private Saudi universities with qualified personnel.
In 2005, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz established the Governmental Scholarships Program, to send the Saudi youth abroad to pursue higher education.
The program provided fully funded scholarships that covers all students needs depending on the program period, more than 5000 Saudi students earned the scholarship in 2007/2008.
The Saudi Digital Library is a massive digital library that contain more than 680,000 electronic book in many fields that support and meet the needs of beneficiaries in the higher educational sector in Saudi Arabia.
Although Seton's work takes a very different form than that of her father, early exposure to his process of making geometric sculptures allowed her to experience minimalist and formal issues in art firsthand.
She subsequently attended Sarah Lawrence and Bennington College, moving to New York City in 1979, joining Collaborative Projects (Colab), an artist collective.
She divides her time between Paris and the Lower East Side of New York and shows her art photography regularly in both cities.
Smith is in the collections of the George Pompidou Center, Paris; The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; Los Angeles County Museum, L.A.; the Musee d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, and the International Center of Photography, New York.
Eugene Thomas Long (born March 16, 1935) is an American philosopher and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Philosophy in the University of South Carolina.
Edward Charles Halper (born March 16, 1935) is an American philosopher and Distinguished Research Professor and Josiah Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor at University of Georgia.
In the winter, the southern part of the basin often gets flooded, and a lake forms from a large amount of fresh rainwater because of insufficient surface drainage.
In the hot and dry summer season, the temporary lake usually dries totally up (leaving some irrigation water in the dammed pond).
The large pond was built around 2000 with the support of an EU-fund, to retain water for irrigation in the dry season.
In rainy winters, as 2003, access water floods the ground around the dam, as this is the lowest section of the Tripoli-Plateau.
In 2018 she also won one of the bronze medals in this event and she repeated this in 2019 with another bronze medal in the same event.
Gunther's wrasse is a marine species which inhabits rocky and coral reefs generally in shallow water up to 20m in depth.
The species is exclusively known from subtropical eastern Australia, occurring in Queensland as far north as Lindeman Island, and in New South Wales as far south as Botany Bay.
promoting the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, plus a restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas.
This response exemplifies the kind of against-the-grain thinking of the three Norwegian ecophilosophers whose work that is presented at OpenAirPhilosophy: Peter Wessel Zapffe, Sigmund Kvaløy Setreng, and Arne Naess.
All demonstrated a surprising ability both to identify and to face directly the vastness of the ecological crisis as it was starting to unfold in their times.
Their analysis, however, did not stop at making a dire diagnosis; they also chose to develop and embrace a deeper and more long-term view in which we humans are not automatically assigned centre stage in the pageant of life.
Despite writing forthrightly about the grave challenges facing the Earth, each retained a parallel sense of living life to the full, of enjoying the conviviality of being among friends and the fulfilment that comes from working for change — all fueled by experiences in nature.
The aim of the project is to engage readers, provoke additional scholarship, and expand the community of activists around the globe who embrace ecocentrism - a worldview in which all life is acknowledged to have intrinsic value.
New Year's Eve Concert 1992: Richard Strauss Gala was a 76-minute televised event presented in Berlin's Philharmonie on 31 December 1992, in which four pieces of music by Richard Strauss were performed by the pianist Martha Argerich and the singers Kathleen Battle, Renée Fleming, Andreas Schmidt and Frederica von Stade with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Claudio Abbado.
It was jointly produced by Columbia Artists Management and Germany's Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen in association with France's La Sept, Japan's NHK and the United States' PBS, and was released on CD and Laserdisc by Sony Classical Records and on DVD by Kultur Video.
Strauss conducted the first performance of his work on 11 November 1889 in Weimar, where he held the post of Kapellmeister.
Strauss set the piece aside after the discouraging experience of a rehearsal with the Meiningen Orchestra in which he both played the piano and conducted.
In 1889, Strauss showed his score to the Scottish-born pianist and composer Eugene d'Albert, who liked it well enough to urge Strauss to try to improve it.
Strauss always remained ambivalent about the piece, programming it in concerts with increasing frequency as the years went by but never granting it the honour of an opus number.
A scatological comedy, the book narrates a series of misadventures encountered by Eulenspiegel as he travels around the Holy Roman Empire playing practical jokes on various fools, hypocrites and figures of authority.
Strauss's score depicts Eulenspiegel riding his horse, vandalizing a market, mocking the clergy, flirting with girls, ridiculing scholars and surviving an attempted hanging for blasphemy.
Don Juan and Till Eulenspiegel were portrayed with refulgent strings and belligerent brass that were impressive but alien to Strauss's essential musical personality.
He eschewed heavy-handedness in favour of at least a modicum of gentleness, and Martha Argerich projected some mischievous wit as well as overcoming the famous difficulties of Strauss's piano writing with her equally famous technical brilliance.
The quality of Renée Fleming's tone promised that her Marschallin was on the verge of becoming exceptional, but Frederica von Stade had lost the freshness with which she had formerly endowed Octavian, and Kathleen Battle seemed to find Sophie's highest notes in both the trio and the subsequent duet uncomfortably stressful.
Although the CD was described as a live recording, it provided no evidence of the presence of the Philharmonie's audience until their applause at its very end.
Indeed, the listening Berliners were so unobtrusive that one could not but help wondering whether any of the music had been re-recorded after they had gone home - it was difficult to imagine Argerich's pianism failing to elicit an ovation.
In 1993, Sony Classical Records issued the gala on a 62-minute golden CD (catalogue number SK-52565) accompanied by a 20-page booklet including five production photographs by Vivianne Purdom and notes by Andreas Kluge in English, French, German and Italian.
Sony also issued the gala on a CLV (constant linear velocity) Laserdisc (catalogue number SLV-53344) with 4:3 NTSC colour video and CD-quality stereo audio.
Kultur's DVD offers the same 4:3 NTSC colour video as Sony's Laserdisc but provides its stereo audio only in the compressed Dolby Digital format.
In 1679-80, 1683–84, and 1697-1700 Ludvig Fabritius led three missions to the Safavid court during the reign of Charles XI of Sweden (r. 1660–1697) and Charles XII of Sweden (r. 1697–1718), Suleiman of Persia (26 October 1666 – 29 July 1694 ), Sultan Husayn (29 July 1694 – 11 September 1722).
In 1929 the governments of the Kindoms of Sweden Arvid Lindman and Persia Reza Shah established diplomatic relations in connection with the conclusion of a friendship treaty.
Sweden acts as a protecting power for the United Kingdom in Iran, and on July 15, 2012, the British Interest Office was opened at the Swedish embassy.
The property that houses the Swedish embassy in Tehran has been owned by the National Property Board of Sweden (SFV) since 1997.
Since 1994, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had its embassy housed in the building and considered the house to be good and appropriate for embassy activities.
It is built as a pillar deck structure with Girders and pillars in concrete and the facades are clad with light yellow brick.
The house was built in 1979 in accordance with the then building rules and was inadequate in terms of safety against earthquake loads.
Technical studies of the building's design and durability were carried out by SFV in consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which showed that it did not meet the minimum requirements according to Iranian earthquake safety.
In conjunction with the reinforcement work, a thorough rebuilding of the regular embassy office was carried out to cope with the many visa cases and issues of biometric passports.
The rebuilding started in February 2007 and on 1 August 2007 the embassy moved into the newly renovated and earthquake-protected premises.
Tommy Lee Phar (born July 31, 1947) is a former American football defensive back that played for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) in 1970.
The 2020 KPMG Women's PGA Championship will be the 66th Women's PGA Championship, played June 25–28 at Aronimink Golf Club in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania.
Known as the LPGA Championship through 2014, it will be the third of five major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2020 season.
The field includes 156 players who met one or more of the selection criteria and commit to participate by a designated deadline.
Any player who did not compete in the 2019 KPMG Women's PGA Championship due to maternity, provided she was otherwise qualified to compete.
After spending three months in neonatal incubation, she was discharged, but had been abandoned; the Paraguayan Red Cross looked after her until she was adopted.
Her adoptive mother said in 2007 that Taglioretti had stunted psychological development, which is why she would not enroll her in school and taught her with a personal curriculum at home, administering exams directly with the Ministry for Education.
Taglioretti then branched out in music; she said that she stopped playing piano to study singing, then later had to choose between playing the harp and the violin, eventually leaving singing to specialize in the latter.
In 2005 she continued her studies in the National Music Conservatory and afterwards was part of one of the Miranda Conservatory orchestras.
She had been a fan of the singer since she heard him when she was young, and went to the 13 October 2013 concert without a ticket, not expecting them to actually let her in, but was recognized by Grupo 5, who took her backstage.
On 23 September 2019 Taglioretti, along with other National Symphonic Orchestra musicians, participated in a benefit concert to help Paraguayan Chaco families affected by drought and wildfires, collecting clothes and non-perishable food items among other aid.
In September 2012 it was reported that Taglioretti, aged sixteen, was the victim of domestic abuse at the hands of her adoptive mother when she was repeatedly found sleeping in garden chairs after being locked out of the family home, sometimes with her violin and clothes also around the garden.
Eventually, neighbors' complaints and their concerns after Taglioretti supposedly mentioned contemplating suicide as an escape to a neighbor in passing, had a police and child services investigation launched.
The neighbors' complaints included a video of Taglioretti speaking in one of their houses when she had run away to have dinner there; in the video, Taglioretti says that she had run away from home in March 2012 to go to the police, but was picked up and verbally abused by the mother.
At the time of her death, she lived in an apartment located in Piribebuy street, between Chile and Alberdi, in Asunción.
Taglioretti was found dead on the afternoon of 9 January 2020 in the apartment where she lived when her mother came to visit; after her mother received no answer when she rang the doorbell, she called a locksmith.
Both Paraguay's National Culture Secretary and the National Symphonic Orchestra paid tribute to the violinist, lamenting her death and giving their condolences to the family.
According to people close to Taglioretti, her family had a history of heart conditions, so a cardiac arrest as her cause of death has not been dismissed.
Much of the existing church dates to the 15th-century, with parts of the nave and chancel dating to the late 12th-century.
The south wall of the chancel, north wall of the nave and the tower were all rebuilt in the 15th-century, and the south wall of the nave heightened.
The cost of restoration was covered by voluntary subscription and Gonville and Caius College, the latter being the parish's principal landowner since 1570.
The two-stage tower has a parapet and contains two bells, one by John Wallis of Salisbury, dated 1594, and another by Thomas Purdue, dated 1658.
The window in the east wall of the chancel contains stained glass added in 1865 in memory of surgeon John Howship's wife Elizabeth.
Produced by Liminha and directed by KondZilla, the DVD and Blu-ray versions came out first, in 2012; the CD version was split in two volumes, the first of which was released concomitantly with the DVD and Blu-ray versions.
Work on the album initially began in early 2011, while Heitor Gomes was still a member and the band was signed to Sony Music; however, due to numerous technical issues, recordings were cancelled.
Subsequently, they broke off with Sony and signed to Radar Records, who restarted the work from scratch now with Champignon and Marcão already on the line-up.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his twenty-first year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The Terriers played their homes games at the 69th Regiment Armory and played as an Independent, not affiliated with a conference.
After the season, Daniel Lynch retired as the men's basketball head coach and continued to be the St. Francis College Athletics Director.
Galicia Sempre (, Ga.S) is a centre-left political party in Galicia, Spain, led by the mayor of Becerreá and ex-MP Manuel Martínez Núñez.
The party was created as the result of a split in the Lugo branch of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Bukunmi Oluwasina hails from Ekiti State (Oke Imesi) to be precise, and she is the third born to a family of seven.
Bukunmi Oluwasina partnered with Pepsi, AVF and Viva for the premiere of Ayomi, worthy of notice is the fact that Ayomi became so popular abroad that fans had to request for the soundtrack which was composed by her.
She was sold for scrapping, 8 December 1964, to Zidell Explorations, Inc., for $156,006.66, which included her sister ships and .
The Bradley color wheel was a line of educational tools developed by Milton Bradley, of the Milton Bradley Company (MB), in 1895 as part of his wider color teaching system.
Most notably Smithsonian ornithologist Robert Ridgeway, dissatisfied by contemporary color standards, incorporated the system into his own set of standards in 1898, which would eventually evolve into Pantone.
The wheel was based off the Maxwell Disk, a simple tool created by cutting a radial split in two or more colored disks and joining them.
The tool added a crank to rotate the wheel, graduated markings along the circumference of the disks (allowing precise color measurement) and in the center added the shade of grey required to create the color.
He was elected from the Sholinghur constituency to the Seventh Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party in 1980 and he was elected as MP from the Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency) to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998.
Rádio Top 100 Oficiální is the official chart of the top ranking songs as based on airplay in the Czech Republic, compiled and published weekly by IFPI Czech Republic.
It is a part of the Western Naval Command and is responsible for the naval forces in the Arabian Sea and parts of the Indian Ocean.
The Fleet is commanded by a Two Star Flag Officer of the rank of Rear Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet (FOCWF).
After the independence and the partition of India on 15 August 1947, the ships and personnel of the Royal Indian Navy were divided between the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.
In 1956, Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari became the first Indian flag officer, and was appointed the first Indian Commander of the Fleet on 2 October, when he took over from Rear Admiral Sir St John Tyrwhitt.
In 1957, INS Mysore was commissioned and the flag of Rear Adm Katari was transferred from INS Delhi to INS Mysore, thus becoming the flagship of the Indian Fleet.
The first Aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy, INS Vikrant was commissioned in 1961 and became the flagship of the Indian Fleet.
In mid 1971, The Aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, along with the frigates INS Brahmaputra and INS Beas were moved from the Western Fleet to the Eastern Naval Command.
On 4 December, the fleet successfully executed Operation Trident, a devastating attack on the Pakistan Naval Headquarters at Karachi that sank a minesweeper, a destroyer and an ammunition supply ship.
In the war, The Indian frigate , commanded by Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, MVC was sunk by , while was damaged on the west coast.
The entire Western Fleet had sailed from Mumbai to the North Arabian Sea to increase surveillance and adopt a deterrent posture.
Later, then-Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel to sustain itself if a full-scale war had broken out.
Hughes attended his local primary school and soon went on to attend Ruabon grammar school before working as a clerk in the office of the Wynnstay Colliery Company.
Soon after, he would become the conductor of both Cefn Mawr choral society, which consisted of around 100 voices, and the male voice choir in 1889.
G.W.Hughes studied the Tonic Sol-fa System before gaining a degree in this subject, it was then in 1900 in which he was elected to the Council of the Tonic Sol-fa College.
Before moving to Prestatyn in 1926 upon his retirement, G.W.Hughes was chosen to be a stipendiary precentor at Princes Road Welsh Capel Mawr Chapel, Liverpool, in 1911.
Moslem Uddin Ahmad is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and the incumbent Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Chittagong-8 constituency since January 2020.
Sultanul Kabir Chowdhury ( – 30 June 2014) was a Bangladeshi freedom fighter, lawyer and politician from Chittagong belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
Mika Konaka (; born February 24, 1977 in Tokoro, Hokkaido, Japan as Mika Hori) is a Japanese curler, a and a two-time Japan women's champion (1999, 2001).
London Power Tunnels is a project by National Grid plc to reinforce the electricity transmission network in London, UK, by constructing more than 60km of new deep-level tunnels carrying high-voltage cables.
The project is divided into two phases: the first phase involved constructing tunnels connecting substations at Wimbledon, Hackney, and Willesden, and was completed in 2018.
The first phase of the London Power Tunnels project, costing £1bn, involved the construction of 32km of tunnels spanning between the National Grid substations at Wimbledon in south west London and Hackney in north east London.
It also involved the construction of two new substations: one at Seven Sisters Road in Highbury, and another at Kensal Green to feed traction power to the Crossrail project.
As well as the main 400 kV power transmission circuits for the National Grid, the tunnels also carry 132 kV circuits from Islington substation to St Pancras and Seven Sisters Road, which form part of the London power distribution network operated by UK Power Networks.
The second phase (known as LPT2) is due to start in spring 2020 at a cost of £750m, and will span 32.5km from Wimbledon substation to Crayford in south-east London.
The contract for digging the tunnels for this phase was awarded to a joint venture between Murphy Group and Hochtief in December 2019.
This phase aims to link Wimbledon substation to existing substations at New Cross, Kidbrooke, and Hurst, with intermediate shafts being built at Eltham and King's Avenue in Brixton.
The 2020 SheBelieves Cup will be the fifth edition of the SheBelieves Cup, an invitational women's football tournament held in the United States.
Featuring national teams from Spain, England, Japan, and hosts United States, it will begin on March 5 and end on March 11, 2020.
2020 will be Japan's second appearance following their debut in 2019 while it will be the first time Spain has taken part.
The film was originally going to be a documentary short about the Bregalnica river region when they came across the beekeeper.
He began his career with General Electric Credit in 1975, climbing the corporate ranks there until 1983 when he became President and Chief Operating Officer of General Electric Mortgage Insurance Corporation.
Seyed Abbas Moosavi Motlagh (born in Dorud on January 20 1977) is an Iranian cleric, theologian, writer, religious lecturer, teacher in university and seminary, political activist and one of the activists and observers of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Seyed Abbas Mousavi Motlagh was born in a religious family, son of Seyyed Ghulam Moosavi Motlagh a member of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Agatha and the Curse of Ishtar is a 2018 British alternative history television drama film about crime writer Agatha Christie becoming embroiled in a real-life murder case during a trip to an archeological dig in Iraq following her divorce.
The film premiered on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom on 15 December 2019 Filming took place in Malta and was directed by Sam Yates.
His earliest remembrances of music was a combination of hearing his grandmother playing boogie-woogie piano and his father's collection of Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry recordings.
His elder brother's drum kit held more fascination for Pittman, before he progressed in his early teens to playing the guitar.
Pittman decided his immediate future lay in Texas and, by the age of 17, had relocated to Dallas to live with his in-laws.
As Pittman grew more confident of his guitar playing, he initially worked alongside musicians such as Cricket Taylor, Cold Blue Steel, Lou Hampton, the Bramhall Brothers, and Mike Morgan.
Another combination that Pittman worked within was eventually known as the Holy Moellers, and had Jay Moeller playing drums, prior to his decade-long tenure with the Fabulous Thunderbirds.
Recorded in that city and costing $3000; Ron Levy had just started up Cannonball Records, and bought the master for $5000.
The same year Pittman opened several concerts for Susan Tedeschi, before playing rhythm guitar in her backing band for a short spell.
This coincided with a two year period where Pittman had personal and professional problems, exasperated with the closing of Cannonball Records.
This flurry of activity saw several albums released in quick succession, leading to a new recording contract with Delta Groove Productions.
Aiming to recreate the vintage tones and style of blues recordings from the 1950s and 1960s, Pittman supplied virtually all of the voices and instrumentation on the recording.
Apart from Jonathan Doyle playing the saxophone parts, Pittman recorded his own efforts on vocals, guitar, piano, bass and drums, and was the sound engineer and co-record producer.
In addition, Pittman wrote most of the material although he had a co-writer in his friend, non-musician and former trial lawyer, Lewis Dickson.
Pittman performed at the Copenhagen Blues Festival in October 2019; the latest in a total of over 30 visits to Europe to play over the years.
He studied with the Clerics of Saint-Viateur and at the Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf between 1929 and 1938, then in France at the Faculty of Medicine.
He worked as a translator for the Royal Canadian Air Force and founded the journal Amérique française, of which he was director until 1943.
She won the gold medal in the women's 78 kg event at the 2019 European Judo Championships which were held as part of the 2019 European Games.
She also won the gold medal in the women's 78 kg event at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China.
Dafydd Roberts (18 August 1892 – 11 October 1965) was an activist and chairman of the Capel Celyn Defence Committee during the movement to save the village of Capel Celyn, which was flooded to create the Treweryn Reservoir.
He resided in the village for the greater part of his life before moving down the valley to a farm called Cae Fadog.
In 1960, a private bill sponsored by Liverpool City Council was brought before Parliament to develop a water reservoir in the Tryweryn Valley.
He went with Gwynfor Evans and Dr. Tudur Jones to London and Liverpool to protest against the forced eviction of the village.
The story of Capel Celyn was widely reported in the press, but ultimately the cause was lost and construction began on the dam.
Like many others from Capel Celyn Roberts moved to Bala, where he died on 11 October 1965, aged 73, shortly before the official opening of the reservoir.
The red wines tend to be medium bodied, but Ġellewża is increasingly found in blends, together with Syrah or Cabernet Sauvignon to make a more full-bodied wine.
As most of Malta's wine output is consumed by locals and the thriving tourism trade, very little Ġellewża wine is found outside of the island.
Furthermore, the survival of indigenous grape varieties is under threat due to climate change (longer periods of drought) and the high average age of growers.
This variety of red wine grape is believed to have a very ancient origin, with number of wines and vineyards of Malta dating back over two thousand years.
The Museum of Decorative Arts, Earthenware and Fashion, opened to the public on 15 June 2013 in the Château Borély, it is located at 134 Avenue Clot-Bey, Marseille.
The Museum contains the collections of the Ceramics Museum and the Fashion Museum, the decorative arts collections of the Cantini Museum and Museum of Old Marseille, and furniture from Borély.
It has a total of 200 items of furniture, 563 decorative art objects, 750 ceramic pieces, 5,600 fashion items, 1,600 accessories and 100 perfume bottles.
In 2019, the team won the National Amateur Cup for the first time in its history, becoming the second team from Connecticut, & first since 1967, to win the Cup.
The team beat New Jersey sides Jackson Lions and Cedar Stars Academy to reach the USASA Region I Final against Steel FC (PA), which the team won 2-0.
In the National Final, the Pride beat RWB Adria (IL) in the semifinal before beating Horizon FC (TX), 4-0, and won both the trophy and $15,000.
The team became the second National Amateur Champion to directly qualify for the U.S. Open Cup after U.S. Soccer had started the practice with the 2018 Champions Milwaukee Bavarian SC.
Newtown will enter the 2020 U.S. Open Cup in the first round alongside local qualifiers and teams from both the National Premier Soccer League and USL League Two.
U.S. Soccer Federation President Carlos Cordeiro announced that Newtown will also host the winners of the 2019 UEFA Regions' Cup, Dolny Śląsk, in 2020.
Following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012, the Pride began to dedicate their matches in honor of the victims and families of the tragedy.
The team continues to work with Newtown Youth and Family Services and has played charity matches against larger teams such as the New York Cosmos (2013), New York Red Bulls II (2015), Reading United AC (2016), Kingston Stockade FC (2017), and Bethlehem Steel FC (2017).
Edward Parry (1723 - 16 September 1786) was a prominent preacher, hymn writer and poet in North Wales during the 18th century.
In 1747 he invited the revivalists into his home and in 1749 he started preaching himself, but returned to the established church following the split between Howel Harris and Daniel Rowland.
When the South Wales preachers visited to North Wales, Edward Parry was again inspired and gained in popularity as a powerful preacher.
In 1773 he built a chapel on his land at Tan-y-fron and the following year worked with Twm o'r Nant and David James of Llansannan to publish a series of hymns and psalms.
Callcott was born in the St James area of central London and studied sculpture at the Slade School of Fine Art.
She specialised in creating portrait medallions and showed examples at the Paris Salon in both 1897 and 1904 and at the Royal Academy in 1906 and 1907.
In total she showed 21 works at the Royal Academy between 1890 and 1925 and also exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy, the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and with the Society of Women Artists.
Callcott also painted miniatures, one of which is in the British Royal Collection, and she was elected an Associate member of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters.
The Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border is 341 km (212 m) in length and runs from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the tripoint with Guinea in the east.
The border starts in the west at Cape Roxo on the Atlantic coast, and the proceeds overland in a north-easterly directions via a series of irregular and straight lines past the 12th parallel north; at 12°40N it turns east and then follows a straight line to the Guinean tripoint.
Portugal began exploring the coastal areas of modern Guinea-Bissau in the mid-1400s; Bissau was founded in 1765 and became the centre of the Portuguese trade in slaves, gold and ivory along a vaguely defined area along the coast referred to as Portuguese Guinea.
France had also taken an interest in the region, settling on the coast of modern Senegal in the 17th century; the French gradually extended their rule further inland from the mid-1800s onward.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result, France and Portugal signed a treaty on 12 May 1886 delimiting a border between their West African colonies (i.e.
A joint Franco-Portuguese commission than demarcated the boundary on the ground during the period 1900-05, marking it with 184 numbered pillars (pillars 58-184 covered the Portuguese Guinea-Senegal boundary).
Senegal gained independence from France in 1960, followed by Portuguese Guinea (as Guinea-Bissau) in 1974 after a prolonged war against Portuguese forces; the border became an international one between two sovereign states.
The border region has been used by various armed groups involved in the Casamance conflict and the Guinea-Bissau Civil War in the late 1990s.
J. J. de Bom, voorheen de Kindervriend was a Dutch television show that ran for three seasons, from 1979 to 1981.
The show was the creation of Aart Staartjes, Wieteke van Dort, and Joost Prinsen, with songs and poetry written by the writers' collective of Willem Wilmink, Karel Eykman, and Hans Dorrestijn.
In 2011, when the Syrian Civil War broke out, she began reporting on the war for Channel 4 News in the United Kingdom.
Evan Niland (born 1998) is an Irish hurler who plays for Galway Senior Championship club Clarinbridge and at inter-county level with the Galway senior hurling team.
2022 in the Philippines details events of note that have occurred, or are scheduled to take place, in the Philippines in the year 2022.
The Guinea–Guinea-Bissau border is 421 km (262 m) in length and runs from the Atlantic Ocean in the south-west to the tripoint with Senegal in the north-east.
The border starts in the southwest at the Atlantic coast near the mouth the Cajet/Inxanche river, just north of Guinea’s Tristao Island, and then proceeds overland in a north-easterly direction.
Just south of the town of Madina do Boe (Guinea-Bissau) the border reaches a river; the boundary then follows this and several others rivers, such as the Feline and Senta.
Near the vicinity of the Guinean town of Bouto Dougaka the border proceeds overland in a northwards directions up to the Ouale river; the border then follows the Ouale and Corubal River in a C-shape, before proceeding overland northwards up to the tripoint with Senegal.
Portugal began exploring the coastal areas of modern Guinea-Bissau in the mid-1400s; Bissau was founded in 1765 and became the centre of the Portuguese trade in slaves, gold and ivory in a vaguely defined area along the coast referred to as Portuguese Guinea.
France had also taken an interest in the region, settling in the region of modern Senegal in the 17th century and later annexing the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century, creating the Rivières du Sud colony.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result, France and Portugal signed a treaty on 12 May 1886 delimiting a border between their West African colonies (i.e.
A joint Franco-Portuguese commission than demarcated the boundary on the ground during the period 1900-05, marking it with 184 numbered pillars (pillars 1-58 covered the French-Guinea-Portuguese Guinea boundary).
French Guinea gained independence from France in 1958 (as Guinea), followed by Portuguese Guinea (as Guinea-Bissau) in 1974 after a prolonged war against Portuguese forces, and the border then became an international one between two sovereign states.
Daniel Webster Gill (April 18, 1856 – October 27, 1933) was an American politician who served as mayor of Cheyenne and in the Wyoming Senate as a Democrat.
In 1883 he moved to the Wyoming Territory and became a clerk for the Secretary of the Territory for six years.
In 1904 he was appointed as the United States commissioner for the Cheyenne district and held the position until his death.
Hypoxia inducible lipid droplet-associated (Hilpda, also known as C7orf68 and HIG-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HILPDA gene.
HILPDA was originally discovered in a screen to identify new genes that are activated by low oxygen pressure (hypoxia) in human cervical cancer cells.
Nearly all cells have the ability to store excess energy as fat in special structures in the cell called lipid droplets.
HILPDA acts as a regulatory signal that blocks the breakdown of the fat stores in cells when the external fat supply is high or the availability of oxygen is low.
The binding of HILPDA to adipose triglyceride lipase occurs via the conserved N-terminal portion of HILPDA, which is similar to a region in the G0S2 protein.
The deficiency of HILPDA in mice that are prone to develop atherosclerosis led to a reduction in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that HILPDA may be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Kamil Sobota started playing rugby in his hometown of Cluj-Napoca at Universitatea but finished his junior years in Bucharest at Dinamo.
For a brief period of time he returned to Universitatea Cluj, moving after one season once again in Bucharest, this time joining CSM.
From college he, as a techer to Llanfairfechan (1924–26) and Pwllheli (1926-36) before being selected as headteacher at schools in Pentre Uchaf (1936–42), Penmachno (1942-52) and Leeswood (1952–63).
The Coverups is a rock band that serves as a side project for Green Day members Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt.
Founded in January, 2018 as an outlet for performing cover songs, the band consists of Armstrong (lead guitar) and Dirnt (rhythm guitar) as well as several musicians from the Green Day circle, such as touring band member Jason White (rhythm guitar), audio engineer Chris Dugan on drums and tour manager Bill Schneider on bass.
The Entry of James VI into Edinburgh was a ceremony marking the coming of age of James VI of Scotland as an adult ruler on Friday 19 October 1579.
He had lunch at Dunipace and dinner at Linlithgow Palace where he stayed the night, and came to Holyroodhouse the next evening.
The processional route went from the West Port, to the Overbow, to the Tolbooth, to St Giles Kirk, the Mercat Cross, the Salt Tron, the Nether Bow, Canongate Cross, and Holyrood Palace.
At the West Port the king was met by 32 burgesses of Edinburgh, whose names are recorded, who carried a canopy made of purple velvet.
At the Tolbooth four maidens (probably played by boys) represented Peace, Justice, Plenty and Policy, a scene relating to the four Cardinal Virtues.
At St Giles Dame Religion invited the king to hear a sermon on the duty of kings and Psalm 21 was sung.
That port presentit unto him the wisdome of Solomon, as it is written in the thrid chapter of the first buik of the Kings : That is to say King Solomon was representit with the tua wemen that contendit for the young chylde.
Then in his discence, as he came foment the hous of Justice, thair shew thayme selfis unto him, foure gallant vertewous ladeyis ; to wit, Peax, Justice, Plentie, and Policie ; and ather of thayme had an oraison to his Majestic.
Tharefter, as he came towart the cheif collegiall kirk, thare Dame Religion shew hirself, desyring his presence, whilk he then obeyit be entring the kirk ; whare the cheif preacher for that tyme maid a notable exhortation unto him, for the embracing of Religion and all hir cardinall vertewis, and of all uther morall vertewis.
Tharefter, he came furth and maid progres to the Mercat Croce, whare he beheld Bacchus with his magnifik liberalitie and plentie, distributing of his liquor to all passingers and behalders, in sik apperance as was pleasant to see.
A litill beneth is a mercat place of salt, wharupon was payntit the genealogie of the Kings of Scotland, and a nomber of trumpets sounding melodioslie, and crying with loud voyce, Wealfayre to the King.
The king was given a cupboard of silver gilt plate made by the Edinburgh goldsmiths Edward Hart, Thomas Annand, George Heriot, Adam Craig and William Cokky.
This included a basin and a laver, two flasks, six cups and covers, four candle holders, a salt, a silver salver, and dozen silver plates.
Mohammed Khalil Marran (, born 15 February, 2001) in Saudi Arabia is a Saudi professional footballer who currently plays for Al-Nassr as a Forward.
On December 1, 2019, the PNR extended their Metro South Commuter operations down to the front gate of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Los Baños, ￼￼Laguna.
Jan Rzepecki alias „Prezes” (29 September 1899 – 28 April 1983) was a Polish soldier and military historian, colonel of the Polish Army.
After World War II commander of the Armed Forces Delegation for Poland and the first president of the Freedom and Independence.
The Royal Rota is made up of a select group of media representatives that are invited to attend and report on royal events, with the understanding that the news and photographs taken at the event will be freely shared with other members of the media.
This pool system decreases the number of media representatives that would otherwise attend, which helps to alleviate space and security concerns.
The changes and trends are based upon the parties' performances relative to the 2014 election and whether the party did better or worse in said municipality than the national average of the party's trend.
If that trend points upwards, the municipality became a more important part of the party's vote share than before, whereas a downward trend indicates the opposite.
It was there in 1916 that she met Aldous Huxley and his brother Julian Huxley They were married in 1919 and had two sons, Anthony Huxley (1920-1992) and Francis Huxley(1923-2016).
Julian Huxley described himself in print as suffering from manic depression, and Juliette's autobiography suggests that Julian Huxley suffered from a bipolar disorder.
In 1930 her husband told her that he wanted to have an open marriage, and he went on to have a number of affairs.
Sarton went on to have a brief physical relationship with Juliette, which became over time what Sarton later described as a romance and as a true union of souls.
Julian was not aware of this relationship and Juliette broke it off during a week they spent together in Paris in 1948 because of Sarton's threat to tell him.
Juliette learned to sculpt from Alan Best whom she had hired to teach her son when he was immobilised following a bicycle accident, and she later had an apprenticeship with John Skeaping at the Central School.
He currently plays for FC Flora, a professional football club based in Tallinn, Estonia, that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football.
In 2016 he played 22 games for AC Oulu in the Finnish 1st Division Ykkönen before joining top division Veikkausliiga outfit Rovaniemen Palloseura.
On 5 September 2017 he made his debut with the Finland national under-21 football team playing the qualifying match for the 2019 European Under-21 Championship drawn 1-1 against the Faroe Islands.
Born in Hannover, Hundoegger grew up in a Bildungsbürgertum (educated middle class) influenced parental home; his father was chief physician of the municipal hospital of Hanover.
At the age of sixteen Hundoegger began studying music at the Universität der Künste Berlin in Charlottenburg; her singing teacher was Elise Breiderhoff, her piano teacher Ernst Rudorff.
As with John Curwen, the founder of the tonic-sol-fa system, Hundoegger's lessons focused on singing tone sequences and songs with the help of solmisation syllables and hand signals.
In 1909 Hundoegger founded the Tonika-Do-Bund and the Tonika-Do-Verlag to promote the dissemination of the Tonika-Do doctrine and to intensify the internal exchange of ideas.
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships and the Olympics, or unless they are wearing a category leader's jersey in a stage race.
Jerseys may also feature traditional sporting colours of a country that are not derived from a national flag, such as the green and gold on the jerseys of Australian national champions.
Brandon Staley (born December 10, 1982) is an American football coach who is the defensive coordinator of the Los Angeles Rams.
He started playing the drums at the age of 2, his aunt bought him a drum set for Christmas and that was the beginning of his love for music.
He attended Oscar Depriest Elementary School and later proceeded to Austin High School where he became part of the high school band as a drummer.
To date DY has production features with Future, DJ Esco and Fredo Santana, Young SizzleGucci Mane, Lil Durk, Chris Brown, Rich the Kid & NBA Youngboy, Juice Wrld, and other artists and producers.
DY is currently based in Atlanta and he is a member of the American hip hop production team 808 Mafia with Southside.
It is a tributary of the Corumbataí River at the junction of Iretama, Barbosa Ferraz and São João do Ivaí municipalities.
The Hostel of the Resurrection also known as the Priory of St Wilfred and later as the Adult Education Centre at the University of Leeds is a former hostel in Leeds.
A designated Grade II* listed building in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, the building is now privately owned and is again student accommodation.
Two existing buildings at numbers 21 and 23 Springfield Mount was identified and acquired by CR and began lodging students in 1904.
Meetings seeking support for the hostel were frequently disrupted by John Kensit and members of the Protestant Truth Society who objected to the Anglo-Catholicism monasticism of CR, meetings targeted included a meeting at Church House, Westminster addressed by Randall Davidson, then Archbishop of Canterbury.
Further extensions to the hostel were made after the First World War and it was not until 18 October 1928 that the final accommodation wing and chapel were opened, the hostel now providing accommodation for 55 students.
His comments denounced by others at the ceremony, Burroughs was forced to withdraw his words in a statement to the press the following week.
In 1976 CR closed the hostel and sold the building to Leeds University who converted it from accommodation to an adult education centre.
Built of red brick on a stone plinth with Millstone Grit dressings and a tiled roof, the hostel was arranged in a U-shape around a central courtyard.
To the left of the central block is the former refectory and accommodation block which is a three storey building of five bays including an attic story with gabled dormer windows.
The former chapel block forms the other wing and was also of two storeys and five bays with buttressed walls, the chapel was on the upper floor with the library and the warden's office on the ground floor.
Both the chapel range and the accommodation range have wings going off them to form the overall U-shape in the same style.
Temple Moore died in 1920 and the later works on the hostel were designed and undertaken by his business partner and son-in-law Leslie Moore.
Like trust games, gift-exchange games are used to study reciprocity for human subject research in social psychology and economics If the employer pays extra salary and the employee puts extra effort, then both players are better off than otherwise.
Like in trust games, game-theoretic solution for rational players predicts that employees’ effort will be minimum for one-shot and finitely repeated interactions.
If the employer pays a higher salary, it is irrational for the employee to put extra effort, since effort will reduce his or her payoff.
In a game of one employer and one employee, an experiment on 84 undergraduate students from the University of Amsterdam showed a rate of only 23.8% of employee's minimal effort for high salary.
Another experiment with students from Tilburg University showed that only 33% of games ended up in the Nash equilibrium with minimal salary and minimal effort.
Data from another experiment on 123 students from University of Nottingham showed a rate of 69% for high salary being payed by employer in advance.
There were plans for the Netherlands to host the 2019 European Games but this was dropped due to a lack of support for funding the event.
The Elstree to St. John's Wood Cable Tunnel, known as The London Connection during construction, is a 20km long, 3m wide tunnel beneath northwest London.
Constructed between 2001 and 2005, the tunnel carries high voltage transmission lines from Elstree substation in Hertfordshire to St. John's Wood substation in Westminster at a depth of 20m below street level.
The tunnel runs beneath the A5 road for the majority of its length, and houses a single 400 kV power transmission circuit with a rated capacity of 3700 A.
A remotely operated, battery powered monorail system runs along the tunnel, allowing the cables to be inspected remotely using infra red cameras.
He served as territorial prelate of Huari, Peru, before it became a diocese, from 1967 to 2001.In all period he served as a bishop he was known for his social work for the poor.
He was also known for his hard work in evangelization, in all his time as a bishop he would ride his horse to all places around Huari, explaining people the love of God, and the importance of being good catholic.
Sing Street is a musical with music and lyrics by Gary Clark and John Carney and a book by Enda Walsh.
The musical is based on the 2016 film of the same name, written by John Carney and was originally presented at New York Theatre Workshop in December 2019.
The musical will premiere on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre in previews on March 26, 2020 and officially on April 19.
In an effort to explain the patterns associated with PCTs, Katz and Aakhus advanced the concept of Apparatgeist by identifying several cross-cultural trends in the adoption, use and conceptualization of mobile phones.
These trends have emerged in many social contexts, including participation in social networks, changes in traditional communication habits to accommodate mobile communication, competent mobile communication and unanticipated behaviors from mobile communication.
The results showed that there was a clear distinction in the way Chinese people communicated on mobile phones versus people in the West.
Contrary to western cultures’ emphasis  on keeping a small and tight knit circle of contacts in their mobile phones, the findings in this research showed that Chinese mobile users have a large and open network of mobile contact.
Kneidinger-Müller extends the Apparatgeist theory to understand the social factors that understand the effects of parallel communication habits in the usage of mobile phones.
The research surveyed 339 smartphone users in Germany and found that social factors were equally as important as usage and technological factors to understand communication practices.
applies both the Apparatgeist and domestication theory as a theoretical groundwork to show how the symbolic use of smartphones brings about positive effect on user attachment to mobile phones.
Axelsson examines culture and life stages as factors to see which is more a primary determiner of mobile-phone usage and attitudinal patterns.
Vanden Abeele explores the variations in lifestyles within mobile youth culture by constructing a user typology of Flemish adolescents and measuring the gratifications received from the use of mobile phones.
Apparatgeist is used as a theoretical basis to emphasize shared commonalities in developmental challenges that adolescents face, particularly when it came to the similarities in mobile phone gratifications regardless different cultural contexts.
Consistent with the apparatgeist and social construction theory, this research shows that PCTs carry a common set of meanings about their nature and purpose that are general across social settings.
Nonetheless, the study also validates the context-cultural dimension differences such as different preferences for use in dissemination of commercial messages between Chinese and Swiss consumers.
Campbell drew on the apparatgeist theory to explore the extent to which the use of mobile telephones by individuals in different cultures show similarities or variations.
By sampling college students from Hawaii, Japan, Sweden, Taiwan and the US, Campbell concluded that although there are apparent varieties in communication practices in different cultures, there is also an inherent universality in the way people interact through mobile phones that stem from a basic human need.
Shuter et al explores the impact of cultural values and observes the contextual norms on mobile phone activity between American and Danes.
Extending beyond the contextual and inmate human values factor found in the Apparatgeist and SCOT theory, the findings of this research identifies a universal logic and indigenous cultural factors as a foundation to the study of cross-national attitudes and usage of mobile phones.
Mizuko Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California, Irvine, believes technologies are both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and cultural contexts.
Rather than conducting a comparative and global survey of mobile phone use, Ito looked at the multifaceted and sustained engagement of mobile phone use in one national context – Japan.
With the CSS2 Baia Mare team led by coaches Răzvan Popovici and Mircea Taloș, he won the national championship title in rugby (Under 16).
His last national title in rugby union was won with the U-19 team, and also a national vice-title with the U-17 team.
Internationally, Paul Popoaia succeeded in 2018 to be present at the European Championship in Poland with the U-18 national team of Romania, the same year being present at the European Rugby Championship 7s hosted by Lithuania.
With the U-20 national team he was present both at the World Championship hosted by the capital of Romania and at the European Championship U-20 held in Portugal.
Prior to Columbia, she was a member of the School of Social Sciences of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University and was a Laurance S. Rockefeller Visiting Fellow at the University Center for Human Values at Princeton.
In Italy, Urbinati is permanent visiting professor at Pisa's Scuola Superiore de Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento Sant'Anna and has taught at Bocconi University in Milan, SciencesPo in Paris, and the University of Campinas in Brazil.
She is the winner of the 2008-9 Lenfest/Columbia Distinguished Faculty Award and she received the David and Elaine Spitz Prize for the best book in liberal and democratic theory for Mill on Democracy.
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
The awards were founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others.
Magdalena Aebi (4 February 1898, Burgdoft – 12 September 1980, Oberburg) was a Swiss philosopher known for her fundamental criticism of Immanuel Kant.
After attending high school in Burgdorf she studied classical philology, art history and archeology in Zurich and Munich, as well as philosophy with Ernst Cassirer in Hamburg.
In 1943 she obtained her doctorate with a critical thesis on Immanuel Kant soughting to refute fundamental Kantian arguments related to transcendental logic.
Aebi was in correspondence with Dutch philosopher Evert Willem Beth who disclosed his basic intentions as a thinker in his letters to Aebi.
She constituted quaternio terminorum – the fallacy of four terms – as his main error appearing in two different meanings of transcendental apperception in the middle term of syllogism.
Beynon was educated at the University of Oxford, she did an undergraduate degree in Biology and a DPhil looking at the impacts of agricultural intensification on non-target invertebrates and ecosystem services at Jesus College, Oxford graduating in 2012; in 2014 she was appointed senior research associate at the University of Oxford.
Beynon was an entomological consultant on the Beetle Boy trilogy of children's fiction books by M G Leonard and has appeared at the Hay festival with the author.
During her DPhil at the University of Oxford Beynon presented her research in several programmes including BBC Springwatch as well as Countryfile, Discovery Channel’s Eating Giants: Hippo and Channel 4's Jimmy’s Forest.
She was an expert on BBC Operation Cloud Lab: Secrets of the Skies in 2014 and then featured on Countryfile again and BBC Radio 4's Midweek in 2015.
Beynon founded The Bug Farm entomological visitor attraction in Pembrokeshire, Wales in 2013, with chef Andy Holcroft, who created the Grub Kitchen restaurant in 2015 on the site.
They founded Bug Farm Foods in 2017 creating a range of foods made from insects such as cricket flour and biscuits, adding in 2019 a low fat mince made from insects and plants.
Beynon was awarded the Alfred Russel Wallace award in late 2013 by the Royal Entomological Society for an outstanding PhD thesis that significantly contributes to the science of entomology.
Timothy John Hendrix (born February 24, 1965) is an American former professional football tight end who played in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys in 1987.
The station sits just over the border from the Canton of St. Gallen, and its name comes from the Thurgau municipality of Roggwil and the nearby St. Gallen municipality of Berg.
Set on the western side of Ward's Island, the course offers a picturesque view of the Toronto skyline and was one of 12-time PDGA World Champion Ken Climo's favorite courses.
It was established in 1980 by Toronto Island Disc Golf Experience (TIDE) in partnership with the City of Toronto Parks Department and expanded in 2017 by Christopher Lowcock.
The course features a dual asphalt tee pad setup with dual targets; there are 18 Prodigy baskets for long pins and 18 DGC Mach V baskets for short pins.
Toronto Island Park Disc Golf Course has hosted several PDGA-sanctioned events, including the Toronto Island Open tournament in 1984 and the Disc Golf World Championships in 1987.
The course also hosted the Canadian Open and the Toronto Island Maple Leaf Canadian National Championships, two of the most prestigious disc golf tournaments in Canada.
Choosing suitable recipients of philanthropy, and ensuring that the aid is effective, is a difficult ethical problem, first addressed by Aristotle.
Many gifts are accompanied by a statement of intent, which may be a formal, legal agreement, or a less formal understanding.
To what extent the recipient must respect that intent is an ethical and legal issue, especially as circumstances and social norms change.
Protests against David Koch's support for climate change denial led to his resignation from the board of the American Museum of Natural History.
Funds derived from, and donors engaged in, unethical, immoral, or criminal activities pose a problem for the recipient, as accepting a donation may be interpreted as benefiting from or ignoring the disreputable activity.
For example, the Sackler family is a major donor to many cultural and educational institutions which has had many buildings and programs named for it.
Similarly, the sex offender Jeffrey Epstein was a major donor to many university programs, even after his conviction for sex crimes.
After it emerged that the director of the MIT Media Lab, Joi Ito, was not only aware of Epstein's misdeeds, but took steps to solicit donations while hiding their source, Ito resigned.
Since MIT had no policy or processes for handling controversial donors in place at the time, the decision to accept Epstein’s post-conviction donations cannot be judged to be a policy violation.
But it is clear that the decision was the result of collective and significant errors in judgment that resulted in serious damage to the MIT community.
Come On Up to the House: Women Sing Waits is a tribute album of Tom Waits songs performed by established female singers.
Among the individual artists and groups featured on the album are Rosanne Cash, Iris DeMent, Patty Griffin, Joseph (group), Shelby Lynne & Allison Moorer, Aimee Mann and The Wild Reeds.
He was one of the strongest critics of Venizelos during the period of National Schism and in summer 1917 was put in internal exile by the Venizelists.
For these articles he almost escaped trial after the Venizelist revolution of 1922, which led to the Execution of the Six.
After several days of teasing, the group released the song alongside a video in which they recreate three well-known eighties films.
In the rollout to the visual's Thursday midnight release, hints about the video's themes were revealed via retro movie posters mirroring classic late seventies and eighties films.
An alternate video was released on January 21, 2020, released, in which the brothers ride around Las Vegas looking at the attractions.
On January 25, 2020, the group performed the song live for the first time at the Hollywood Palladium during the Citi Sound Vault.
He became Chief Whip of the South African Party and followed Sir John Molteno in 1915 as Speaker of the House of Assembly, a post he held until 1924.
He married Anna Susanna Christina Roos, and had six children: Willem Adolph, Tielman Johannes Roos, Elizabeth Renée, Louisa Jacoba, Christman Joel McKinley and Desirée Suzanna.
The Rimed Chronicle of Stone Priory is a mid-15th century English rhyming narrative poem which was found inscribed on a tablet hanging at Stone Priory in Staffordshire, England, in 1537 at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
who refounded the Saxon monastery of Stone Priory, an Anglo-Norman nobleman who arrived in England during or shortly after the Norman Conquest of 1066.
The descent recorded in the Chronicle is accurate and largely agrees with modern standard sources, for example Sanders (1960) and GEC Complete Peerage (1887-98), which quotes extensively from it.
Stone Priory was first founded in about 670 AD by Queen Ermenilda, a daughter of Eorcenberht, King of Kent, and was dedicated to her son Saint Wulfad, supposedly slain and martyred by his father King Wulfhere of Mercia, who ruled from 658 until his death in 675.
Cosmin Iliuță started playing rugby in 2014 at CSS Bârlad, a school based club under the guidance of coaches Ciprian Popa and Dan Tufaru.
In 2017 he is selected for the senior team of the club making his debut in Divizia Națională, the second tier of Romanian rugby league system.
After some impressive performances he was signed at the beginning of 2018 by CSM București from where he transferred to Gloria Buzău in 2019 following the dissolution of his former club.
Feeling diasppointed that he might have lost his last chance to win an Olympics medal he starts to doubt his career and decides to meet Emil Zátopek whom he adores.
In 2015 Ondříček started to gather finances for the film and submitted application for a Grant from Czech State Fond for Cinematography but was twice rejected.
After the release of Ondříček's film Dukla 61 Ondříček's third request was accepted and Zátopek received subsidy of 15 million CZK allowing Ondříček to renew preparations.
Crew were shooting on various athletic areas such as Riegrovy Sady or Za Lužánkami Stadium which served as replacement for London olympics stadium and Helsinky olympics stadium.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Ann Margaret (Stroman) Mikolowski (May 16, 1940–August 6, 1999) was a twentieth-century American contemporary artist, known as a painter of portrait miniatures and waterscapes.
After high school (Cass Technical High School, Marine City High School), Ann worked for a short time at Chrysler as a layout artist, taking night classes in art at Wayne State University and the College of Creative Studies.
In 1966, the Mikolowskis relocated to the Woodbridge neighborhood, renting on Commonwealth St. before purchasing a home in 1967, just after the 1967 Detroit Uprising.
Formative influences include Georgia O'Keefe and Jan van Eyck's St. Jerome in his Study (Mikolowski's favorite painting at the Detroit Institute of Arts).
In 1969, the Mikolowski basement became a pressroom, which afterwards moved with the family (children Michael and Molly, dog Inky) from Detroit to Grindstone City in 1974, then from Grindstone City to Ann Arbor in 1993–94.
They built up and maintained the studio together — at its largest in Grindstone City, the studio included two Chandler & Price presses and a lithographic press.
Most of Ann's tools and dies for her printmaking are archived as part of The Alternative Press letterpress studio (now the University of Michigan Library book-arts studio).
At present, 115 items listed in WorldCat document Ann's contributions to Alternative Press material, along with illustrations and cover art for other publications.
The land- and waterscapes can be as large as six by seven and a half feet, while the portraits are seldom taller or wider than three inches, and fit easily in the palm of one’s hand.
Mikolowski draws attention to scale not only as a play of small against large, but as studies of how objects impact consciousness in ordinary life: the outdoors, animals, Adirondack chairs, electrical poles, food, technology.
Mikolowski worked in oils on linen, watercolor, pen and ink, pastel, pencil sketches, and printmaking (silkscreen, lithography, linocut, wood engraving, drypoint, intaglio and relief printing).
They repurposed an 1884 grindstone-wall structure (built by town founder Captain Aaron Peer) into a home with a 28' x 50' studio for painting and printing.
I wanted them to be intimate because I could carry them with me in my pocket, supposedly, that was the idea.
In 1983, Mikolowski's miniature portraits were exhibited at solo shows, a collaboration with Detroit's Feigenson Gallery and New York City's Gotham Book Mart.
Her waterscapes were exhibited as part of a solo show by the Feigenson Gallery in 1986, the same year her work was included in an Allan Stone Gallery group show in New York.
Michigan artist-in-the-schools programs: Whitmore Lake Schools 1993–94, Michigan Council for the Arts (Howe School 1992–93, Phoenix High School 1992, Pinckney Schools 1990, North Huron School 1985–88).
It is found in the literature from the 14th century to the end of 16th century in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam.
Hema Saraswati and Harivara Vipra who composed Prahlada Charitra and Babruvahana parva respectively wrote under the patronage of King Durlabhanarayana of Kamatapura who ruled towards the end of the 13th or the earlier part of the 14th century.
The next two important poets of the same period are Rudra Kandali and Kaviratna Saraswati who composed Drona parva and Jayadratha vadha.
Madhava Kandali flourished towards the end of the 14th century and translated the entire Ramayana under the patronage of Mahamanikya, the then Kachari (Barahi) king of Central Assam.
Gigaton is the upcoming eleventh studio album by the American rock band Pearl Jam, scheduled to be released on March 27, 2020.
It will be the band's first studio album in seven years, and its release will coincide with a tour of North America.
He represented the union on the Joint Industrial Council for the Printing Trades, which he chaired in 1930/31, and from 1930 to 1932 additionally served as president of the International Federation of Journalists.
Ana Marcela Dinorah Giammattei Cáceres is a Guatemalan lawyer and politician serving as current First Lady of Guatemala since January 2020.
Currently, she is the second woman in the world to serve as the First Lady in her father's term, after Laura Mattarella (daughter of Italian President Sergio Mattarella).
William Lanman Bull Sr. (August 23, 1844 – January 2, 1914) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
His paternal grandparent were Elizabeth (née Atwater) Bull and Jireh Bull (a descendant of Rhode Island Governor Henry Bull) and his maternal grandparents were Peter Lanman and Abigail (née Trumbull) Lanman (a daughter of U.S. Representative and Connecticut governor Joseph Trumbull).
After receiving a preparatory education, he studied at the College of the City of New York, where he graduated in 1864.
After graduation, Bull began his business career by joining Edward Sweet & Co., a banking house founded in 1854 (with offices at the southwest corner of Wall and Broad Street) where his brother-in-law was the senior partner.
Bull served as a director of several companies, including the Northern Pacific Railway, the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway, the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway, and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.
He later became a member of the Exchange's board of governors and in May 1888, he was elected president of the Exchange, and served two terms until he was succeeded by Watson B. Dickerman in 1890.
Shortly after his death, Edward Sweet & Co., which was then at 34 Pine Street, was dissolved and its business taken over by Chandler Brothers & Co. of New York and Philadelphia.
Sweet partner Lewis E. Waring became a partner in Chandler, although his fellow partners Frederic Bull (his son) and Louis Livingston (his daughter-in-law's brother) did not.
Tasie was the daughter of prominent businessman and inventor Henry Rossiter Worthington and Sara Jane (née Newton) Worthington (a daughter of Admiral Newtown of the U.S. Navy).
He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Society of Mayflower Descendants, the American Museum of Natural History, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the New-York Historical Society, the Sons of the American Revolution, the New York Zoological Society.
He was affiliated with the Century Association, Grolier Club, Union Club, Metropolitan Club, Republican Club, Ardsley Club, Church Club, City Club, Midday Club, Alpha Delta Phi, Manhattan Society, and the Phi Beta Kappa honorary fraternity.
Left at The Rio Grande is a 2005 American short film written and directed by Kevin Abrams, about 3 illegal women crossing the border.
Helen Jamet FRES is a medical entomologist from the UK, she is deputy director for Vector Control of Malaria at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Jamet did a BSc in Applied Biology at the University of Leeds graduating in 1994 and then a Master of Science in Medical Parasitology in 1996 and a PhD in Infectious Diseases at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine where she graduated in 2002.
She stayed and worked as a research fellow for two years at the LSHTM and then worked as a consultant medical entomologist for the American Biophysics Corporation, testing mosquito traps in the field in Tanzania.
Jamet worked for Vestergaard Frandsen from 2007 to 2018 where she was Project Manager, Head of Entomology and finally global head of Research & Market Access.
At Vestergaard Jamet helped to develop the first next-generation long lasting insecticide treated bed nets which have two compounds, an insecticide and a synergist Piperonyl butoxide to enhance the action of the insecticide on the mosquito, blocking the enzymes in the mosquito that break down the insecticide.
The mixed relay ski mountaineering competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 14 January at the Villars Winter Park.
She spent her formative years in Kaduna State, Nigeria, where she lived for 16 years learning Nigerian culture, before returning back to the US.
In 2017, Krystal graduated with a degree in mass communication from Prairie State College, before finally graduating from Governors State University with a degree in journalism.
While growing up, Krystal used to watch Miss World and Miss Universe beauty pageant, which led her to start modelling at the age of 5 years.
She had three attempts to win Miss Illinois USA, before finally winning Ms. Illinois USA Universal 2016 in her fourth attempt at pageantry in February 2016, alongside her daughter, Kleopatra Vargas, who was crowned Baby Miss Illinois 2016.
Winning Ms. Illinois USA Universal 2016, earned her the right to represent the state of Illinois at Ms. USA Universal 2016.
In July 2016, she finished in the top three, earning 2nd runner up and winning Illinois state ambassador at Ms. USA Universal 2016 which held at Peppermill Reno, Nevada.
Ashwarya Bhende (born February 3, 1996) is an Indian entrepreneur, luxury lifestyle influencer and animal welfare advocate, known for founding AB Celestial, India's first floating restaurant at the early age of 21.
Exposed to European waterfronts and extensive travel from an early age, the 18 year old Aishwarya realized how they boosted tourism in countries and wished to add a jewel to the city of her own after a 3-year process of building India’s first floating restaurant in a revenue-sharing partnership with the government.
She has also been featured extensively in spaces within luxury, lifestyle and business like The Entrepreneur as one of the women breaking barrier’s in the Food and Beverage Industry.
She's studied in Bombay International School and later she attended Jai Hind College where she with a degree of business studies.
Aishwarya originally had an interest in Art and Music, being weak at Math and numbers she never looked towards a career in business until the age of age of 16.
Bhende admits her interest in fashion and lifestyle started young with her mother being a fashion designer supplying to luxury boutiques globally.
Aishwarya used her eye for fashion and design to work on the interiors of the four tier dining yacht, AB Celestial herself.
Today she gets to work with giants from all sorts of industries, be it luxury car brand Porsche and Mercedes AMG, tech mammoth Google, e-commerce dominator Amazon Prime, make up mogul Lakmé beauty, fashion maven Masaba Gupta who has unveiled her cruise collection with a fashion show and many others.
7 General de División Gustavo G. León González, Pie de la Cuesta) is a military airport located in Pie de la Cuesta in the Mexican state of Guerrero.
The airport was inaugarated in 1945 as a civil airport to operate commercial air operations in Acapulco, however the increase in passenger flow exceeded the capacity of the airport, so in 1947 a plan for the construction of a new airport with a greater capacity was executed.
On April 23, 1953 was inaugurated the Acapulco International Airport and Pie de la Cuesta Airport was given to SEDENA to be operated by Mexican Air Force.
During Dirty War the base was used to carry out detentions, illegal seclusions and interrogations, this according to investigations carried out by the National Human Rights Commission.
in 1985 it was used to film Rambo II, in which the Pie de la Cuesta Air Force Base pretended to be a Thai Air Force Base.
It has a 7,612 feet long by 150 feet wide runway as well a 152,350 sq ft aviation platform with 3 taxyways linked with the runway.It has also 3 hangars, control tower and various military installations.
Edward Armstrong Bennet MC, (21 October 1888 – 7 March 1977) was an Anglo-Irish decorated army chaplain during World War I, a British and Indian Army psychiatrist in the rank of brigadier during World War II, hospital consultant and author.
Born in Poyntzpass, Co. Down Northern Ireland, Bennet was educated at Campbell College, Trinity College, Dublin (twice), and Ridley Hall, Cambridge.
After studying Philosophy and Theology at Trinity College, Dublin, Bennet went to Ridley Hall where he was ordained into the Church of England.
Bennet was for a time a member of the newly formed Society of Analytical Psychology, but fell out with its leader, Michael Fordham.
On March 6, Chorão was found dead in his apartment following a cocaine overdose and the album was left unfinished, although he had finished recording all of his vocal parts prior to his death.
After a brief hiatus, the band resumed work on the instrumental parts that had yet to be finished, and the album's cover art was officially unveiled on July 7, 2013.
On September 9, Champignon committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with a .380 ACP pistol; out of respect for his death, the release date was postponed to October.
Michael Andrew Gielen (born 2 January 1971) was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Auckland by Pope Francis on 6 January 2020 as the titular bishop of Abbir Maius.
DGDX, or DGD10, is the tentative title for American rock band Dance Gavin Dance's upcoming ninth full-length studio album, scheduled to be released in late March or early April 2020, through Rise Records.
In October 2019, the band's vocalist Tilian Pearson confirmed that these two singles will not appear on the band's upcoming ninth studio album, nor are they indicative of the album's sound, while further revealing that the group will be releasing a new album in 2020.
In January 2019, Dance Gavin Dance lead guitarist Will Swan revealed on Twitter that he was recording new material in Portland, Oregon at Kris Crummett's recording studio, Interlace Audio.
On November 12, 2019, Dance Gavin Dance announced a 2020 spring tour, scheduled to take place from March 12 to April 25, with support from Animals As Leaders, Issues, Veil of Maya, and Royal Coda.
The band will perform at Welcome to Rockville in Daytona Beach, Florida on May 10, 2020, Sonic Temple Fest in Columbus, Ohio on May 17, and Slam Dunk Festival in Leeds and Hatfield on May 23 and May 24, respectively.
Clinton College was added as a founding member once the college was accepted into USCAA membership, bringing the inaugural membership up to five for the 2018-19 season.
Denial or abnegation () is a psychological defense mechanism postulated by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence.
She classified denial as a mechanism of the immature mind because it conflicts with the ability to learn from and cope with reality.
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross used denial as the first of five stages in the psychology of a dying patient, and the idea has been extended to include the reactions of survivors to news of a death.
Gradually becoming a subconscious pressure, just beneath the surface of overt awareness, the mechanism of coping then involves repression, while the person accumulates the emotional resources to fully face the trauma.
Once faced, the person deals with the trauma in a stage alternately called acceptance or enlightenment, depending on the scope of the issue and the therapist's school of thought.
After this stage, once sufficiently dealt with, or dealt with for the time being, the trauma must sink away from total conscious awareness again.
Unlike some other defense mechanisms postulated by psychoanalytic theory (for instance, repression), the general existence of denial is fairly easy to verify, even for non-specialists.
However, researchers note that in some cases of corroborated child sexual abuse, the victims sometimes make a series of partial confessions and recantations as they struggle with their own denial and the denial of abusers or family members.
The main objection is that denial theory is founded on the premise that which the supposed denier is denying the truth.
Denial is especially characteristic of mania, hypomania, and generally of people with bipolar affective disorder in the manic stage — in this state, one can deny, remarkably a long period of time, the fact that one has fatigue, hunger, negative emotions and problems in general, until one is physically exhausted.
This lying can take the form of an outright falsehood (commission), leaving out certain details to tailor a story (omission), or by falsely agreeing to something (assent).
Someone who is in denial of fact is typically using lies to avoid facts they think may be painful to themselves or others.
Denial of impact involves a person's avoiding thinking about or understanding the harms of his or her behavior has caused to self or others, i.e.
Doing this enables that person to avoid feeling a sense of guilt and it can prevent him or her from developing remorse or empathy for others.
This form of denial attempts to divert pain by claiming that the level of awareness was inhibited by some mitigating variable.
This is most typically seen in addiction situations where drug or alcohol abuse is a factor, though it also occasionally manifests itself in relation to mental health issues or the pharmaceutical substances used to treat mental health issues.
Founded in 2009, it plays in the Bolivian Primera División after being promoted for the 2020 season by winning the Copa Simón Bolívar the previous season.
After some seasons in the lower tiers of the regional football association, the club started experiencing financial problems which in 2017 led to its sale to a group of entrepreneurs hailing from Inquisivi Province in La Paz Department who had settled in Quillacollo.
The club was moved from Vinto to Quillacollo by its new owners and earned promotion to the AFC's Primera A in 2018 by winning the Primera B championship.
In the first championship of the 2019 Primera A season, Municipal Vinto finished as runners-up after losing the final to Arauco Prado but managed to qualify for the Copa Simón Bolívar.
In the 2019 Copa Simón Bolívar, Municipal Vinto managed to advance out of the group stage by winning all of its matches.
In the following stage they were drawn against Real Santa Cruz, losing one match and winning the other, and then losing on penalties.
Nevertheless, the club qualified for the semifinals as lucky loser and in that stage faced Deportivo FATIC from the department of La Paz.
The first leg was won by Municipal Vinto by a score of 4–0, while the second leg in El Alto ended in a draw that qualified the club for the final.
In the final, Municipal Vinto once again played against Real Santa Cruz, this time winning both legs (1–0 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra and 2–0 in Quillacollo) and securing its first ever promotion to the División Profesional, and also becoming the first team based in Quillacollo to play in the Bolivian top flight in 41 years, after Bata.
She won the gold medal in the women's 57 kg event at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships held in Budapest, Hungary.
He served in various Accountant and Development Fund Managerial roles, altogether managing a total of over £600 million worth of Development funds from OECD countries, serving more than 100 organisations spread across 25 developing countries, Ghana inclusive.
He spent part of his childhood with his grandparents as his fisherman grandfather’s boy and as a second-hand clothes stall assistant to his grandmother on market days at Keta in the Volta Region.
He attended the A.M.E. Zion Primary School in Keta for his Junior High School education and the Keta Senior High School afterwards.
He also served as a Feasibility Studies Consultant for the potential revival of the then Pwalugu Tomato factory, and with the Benso Oil Palm Plantation among others.
He later worked for development, policy, think-tank and diplomatic organisations such as Christian Aid, the Commonwealth Secretariat, International Alert, and lastly, Crown Agents.
Michael James Bingham (born 21 May 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
FluTrackers is a website, online forum and early warning system which tracks and gathers information relating to a wide range of infectious diseases, including flu and assists in how to use it to inform the general public.
In January 2020, the site rapidly communicated early information on the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV responsible for the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
Dean Anthony Hankey (born 23 August 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The hosts together with six highest-ranked teams from the previous edition are qualified directly for the tournament, they are joined by the top team from the Women's AHF Cup or the top two teams if the host is already qualified.
The Palacio de Aldama is a neoclassical mansion located diagonally opposite to the old Plaza del Vapor (Parque del Curita), and in front of the old Campo de Marte; present day Parque de la Fraternidad, in Havana, Cuba.
Built in 1840 by the Dominican architect and engineer Manuel José Carrera, its main facade of columns spans one block on Calle Amistad between Calles Reina and Estrella.
Its owner at that time, Don Miguel de Aldama and Alfonso - son of the building's builder - was a recognized enemy of Spain and conspirator since Narciso López's time.
A man so rich and powerful that, despite his ideas and pro Cuban views, Spain, far from punishing him, wanted to attract him with the offer of the title of marquis; Don Miguel refused.
In addition, there was another reason that prompted the most intransigent Spanish element, represented by the volunteers, to the looting of that mansion and was the insistent rumor that, by the will of its owner, that royal palace would be the residence of the future presidents of Cuba.
Thus, the Spanish Volunteer Corps assaulted the palace under the pretext that Domingo del Monte had a catch of weapons inside of the Palacio.
Street riots had occurred on January 12 after the volunteers during a search had found a stash of weapons in a house on Calle Carmen during the burial of Camilo Cepeda, a young Cuban killed in jail.
The Volunteers returned on the 24th and a troop of them fired their weapons into the ‘’El Louvre’’ cafe, those who tried to flee, were attacked by bayonet.
They said to look for weapons and, indeed, they found them, but not of those that could be used in the manigua in the war against Spain, it was a collection of ancient weapons ——Japanese, Hindu, Norman, Inca, etc.—— that the Aldama family had collected.
The Spanish Volunteers destroyed the art gallery and searched the cabinets and appropriated everything that could be taken, what could not be carried, they destroyed: crockery, lamps, crystals, books, art objects of all kinds.
They set fire to the damask or lace curtains and doors and windows were torn off of the masonry, or shot.
They also visited the wineries of the Palace, lit a bonfire in the Field of Mars and had the carved furniture and oriental tapestries burned.
The Aldama mansion was in the care at that time of two or three servants who were the victims of the humiliation and mistreatment; the family was saved from the fury of the aggressors for not being in the house, an old English maid was stripped of her life's savings by volunteers.
That January 24 was Sunday and, like all holidays, the Aldama family spent it at their Santa Rosa farm, in Matanzas.
In New York, Miguel Aldama assumed the direction of the General Agency of the Republic of Cuba in Arms and put at the service of his ideas what was left of his immense fortune.
As a result of these events, it the Palace was confiscated by the colonial government until 1878 when, by the transitory pacification of the Island, by the Pact of Zanjón, it was returned to its owners.
It has been affirmed that this palace was destined to be the seat of the government of the republic, mentioned in this regard in a phrase of the martyr Domingo Goicuría.
After his death on April 11, 1870, a trial was commenced in Havana to determine if his heirs Miguel and Leonardo Aldama could inherit the property, it was an option denied by the colonial court, and as a result, the Aldana Palace passed on to the metropolitan government.
With the signing of the Pact of the Zanjón, the Aldama family had their rights reinstated but never again was the palace occupied by its owners or any family member.
In 1932 after a bloody tobacco strike the company closed the building and in 1945 it was planned to be demolished; by protest of cultural and artistic societies, it was saved and declared a National Monument on June 9, 1949 by decree.
The Palacio de Aldama was built in 1840, and had two floors and a mezzanine; it is estimated that its cost was around one million pesos, a great sum for the time notes Dr. Juan de las Cuevas.
Del Monte attended preschool while living in Venezuela, before his parents moved to Dominican Republic, and thereafter to Cuba in 1810.
A few years later, when Del Monte was a twelve-year-old, his parents enrolled him into the Seminary of San Carlos, a catholic alma mater of Leonardo Gamboa in the novel [[Cecilia Valdés[[ by [[Cirilo Villaverde]] (1812 - 1894).
He completed studies at the [[University of Havana]] and right after graduation, around the 1820s, he had a notable influence as an associate for a prominent lawyer in [[Havana]], who shortly after, financed a trip throughout Europe and the United States for the young Del Monte.
Rosa's father was Domingo de Aldama y Arechaga, ranked as the twelfth richest in an 1836 survey of the most wealthy Cubans.
The first house was designed by José Manuel Carrerá, an architect of Dominican origin and is linked to all his companies and the projects of the Alfonso family, which was his wife's, especially the railway network that both deployed in the province of [[Matanzas]].
The influence of Don Domingo Aldama is revealed in the fact that in order to authorize him to construct the Palace, the authorities repealed the order prohibiting civil constructions in the military zone adjacent to the [[Campo de Marte, Havana| Campo de Marte]], although the Palace's front elevation was required to that space.
de Construcciones en Cuba, notes that it is a masonry house, even the interior partitions, and draws attention to the main staircase, built with Carrara marble blocks, the treads are adjusted to each other without any added external support.
The girls' slalom competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on 14 January.
Andy Stuart Jones (born 12 February 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Mark Patrick Hurst (born 18 February 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Yana Anatolyevna Nekrasova (; born February 10, 1976 in Leningrad, USSR) is a Russian curler, a , a 2003 Winter Universiade champion and a four-time Russian women's champion (1996, 1997, 1998, 2000).
She played at the 2002 Winter Olympics, where the Russian team finished in tenth place, and at the 2006 Winter Olympics, where the Russian team finished in fifth place.
Daniel Holyoak (born 27 November 1983) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 2020 Big Ten conference football season is the 125th season of college football play for the Big Ten Conference and is part of the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Big Ten will have one new coach for the 2020 season, with Rutgers hiring former coach Greg Schiano to serve as head coach, replacing Chris Ash who was fired during the 2019 season.
On the field of play last season, Ohio State won the East Division title and made their fifth appearance in the Big Ten Football Championship Game and third consecutive appearance.
In the West Division, Wisconsin and Minnesota tied for the division title, but the Badgers represented the division in the conference title game due to their head-to-head win over the Golden Gophers.
Games below do not include bowl games that Big Ten teams may be selected for in the College Football Playoff semifinals (the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl on January 1, 2021) or potential At-Large bids in New Year's Six Bowls (the Cotton Bowl on December 30, 2020 and Peach Bowl on January 1, 2021).
Craig Richard Mitchell (born 6 May 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
She was one of the first Salvadoran women to publish a novel and was one of the first delegates to serve on the Inter-American Commission of Women.
She was one of the suffragists who won the right for the enfranchisement of women, which was enshrined in the constitution developed by the Federal Republic of Central America.
In 1928, the Pan American Union created the Inter-American Commission of Women () to review data and prepare information comparing women's civil and political equality in the region.
The inaugural delegates to the CIM, selected by lot, included Álvarez, along with chair Doris Stevens (United States), Ernestina A. López de Nelson (Argentina), María Elena de Hinestrosa (Colombia), Alice Téligny Mathon (Haiti), Clara González (Panama), and Lucila Luciani de Pérez Díaz (Venezuela).
Not only did Álvarez work to compile the information, over the course of her ten-year service to the CIM, she frequently urged the government of El Salvador to amend the constitution to protect women's citizenship, so that upon marriage they did not lose their nationality and had equal civil rights to men.
Throughout her career, Álvarez continued writing, creating several theatrical works, as well as another unpublished manuscript which had been completed by 1929.
Her letters to Doris Stevens, during her service on the CIM, are housed in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The park is located right behind the KazMunayGas headquarters and is situated right between Dóńgelek Square and in the front of Khan Shatyr.
More than three thousand young lindens, spruces, pines, birches and poplars, as well as maples and elms, atypical for this area, were planted.
All lawns and flower beds are planned and planted strictly according to German technology, because it is in Germany that landscape construction has deep roots and long traditions.
In the center of the park there is a large fountain, which was given by Austrian princess Gabriela von Habsburg as a gift in 2007.
A year later, the song received renewed interest due to a meme on the video-sharing application TikTok and became a surprise hit.
The adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same shade of green on both sides, broadly lance-shaped to curved, long and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
Lance Martin Mulligan (born 21 October 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Daniel Craig Heron (born 9 October 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
In March 2003, Pimentel abandoned the People's Party (PP) in protest over the Irak War crisis, forming his own party, the Andalusian Forum.
Kyle Keith Jacobs (born 18 October 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Victoria Khiterer (born 1968) is associate professor of history at Millersville University, Pennsylvania, adjunct professor at Gratz College, and a founding member of the Scientific Council of the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center in Kiev, Ukraine.
Khiterer is an author and editor of six books and over a hundred articles on Russian and Eastern European Jewish History.
A History of the Jews in Kiev before February 1917” describes ten centuries of the history of Jews in Kiev, from the tenth century until the collapse of the monarchy in Russia.
Khiterer is an author of a book and several articles on Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire and during the civil war in Ukraine.
Khiterer has published several articles on Jewish-gentile relations in the Soviet Union, anti-Semitism, the contribution of Jews in Soviet popular culture, and Jewish religious life.
He joined the National Union of Journalists (NUJ), and in 1962 began working full-time for the union as its Central London Secretary.
Alongside leading the union, Morgan served on numerous bodies, including the committees of the Printing and Kindred Trades Federation, National Federation of Professional Workers, Federation of Broadcasting Unions and Confederation of Entertainment Unions, and the bureau of the International Federation of Journalists.
He also held membership of the Press Council, and in 1977 he left his trade union post, to become joint secretary of the council, then later its director.
The chorus is sung by vocalist Victoria Newton and the rap is by K. The song received positive reviews from music critics.
A European Day of Mourning is a day marked by mourning and memorial activities in member states of the European Union.
They are declared by the union and are separate from national days of mourning, which are designated at the national level.
The European Commission introduced the concept on 12 September 2001, a day after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11.
The Commission, in agreement with the European Council and the European Parliament, agreed on a joint statement to condemn the attacks and to designate 14 September 2001 as a day of mourning in member states and EU institutions.
European citizens were asked to join in three minutes of silence to express their sincere and deepest sympathy for the victims and their families.
A second European Day of Mourning was held more than 14 years later, on 13 November 2015, for victims of the terrorist attacks in Paris.
Citizens and politicians gathered in a number of countries to mark the moment of silence, including in France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, England, Scotland, and Turkey.
In the Netherlands, trains and buses stopped to mark the minute's silence, take-offs at Schiphol Airport were briefly suspended, and programming on radio and television was paused for one minute.
She is a leader for Toronto's Fridays for Future Strikes, a movement calling on students to miss school on Fridays to raise awareness of climate change.
Juan Costa Climent (born 10 April 1965) is a Spanish politician, who served as Minister of Science and Technology of Spain from September 2003 to April 2004.
Claire Ozanne is an insect ecologist in the UK, she is Professor of Ecology and Vice Provost (Academic Partnerships and International) at the University of Roehampton.
Ozanne was educated at the University of Oxford where she did a BA and then a DPhil in Agriculture and Forest Sciences graduating in 1991.
She was Head of Biological & Health Sciences and also Assistant Dean (Learning & Teaching) and then since 2010 has been Vice Provost (Academic Partnerships and International) at the University of Roehampton.
Between 2017 and 2019 Ozanne was Principal of Heythrop College, University of London, she was appointed to oversee the college's 'orderly closure.
She has surveyed insects all around the world, including in Ethiopia which she talked about to Brett Westwood on the BBC Radio 4's Saving Species programme.
This species occurs in the south western Pacific Ocean from the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, Fiji, the Loyalty Islands, Tonga and the Great Barrier Reef.
The adults feed on polyps in the coral while the juveniles feed on ectoparasites, and maybe mucus, on other reef fishes.
She was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU} for whom she campaigned for which she was imprisoned in Holloway Prison in 1912.
The 1911 Census lists him as a General Merchant and Investment Broker and Katie Edith as an artist, she having studied at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1900 to 1904 under Frederick Brown and Henry Tonks.
Gliddon joined the Croydon branch of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in about 1910 at about the same time that her brother Cuthbert Paul Gliddon was acting as an organiser of the Men's Political Union for Women's Enfranchisement.
He campaigned under the name 'Charles Gray' to save his parents' embarrassment while Katie Edith went under the pseudonym 'Catherine Susan Gray' for the same reason.
The New York-based Davis & Langdale Company lists an ink and brush painting titled ‘Gliddon’ by the artist Walter Sickert from about 1912 which almost certainly portrays Katie Gliddon as she knew Sickert's sister Helena Swanwick, who was also an activist for women's suffrage.
In March 1912 she smashed the window of a Post Office in Wimpole Street and was arrested and sentenced to two months imprisonment with hard labour in Holloway Prison which she served during March and April 1912.
After World War I Gliddon became a successful watercolour artist specialising in painting flowers, exhibiting at the Royal Academy of Arts, the New English Art Club, the Society of Women Artists and the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours among other galleries.
After a career as an art teacher she retired to 10 Southey Road in Worthing in West Sussex and died in Worthing in 1967 aged 84.
The Law and Order Society was a temperance and Sabbath observance organization founded in 1881 in Philadelphia in the United States.
Its agents had no official standing but acted as witnesses in court cases against those serving alcohol illegally, such as in 1906 when their agents gave evidence in Reading, Pennsylvania, that the brothel-keeper May Reilly had illegally served liquor on a Sunday.
Named after the founder Sulyaman I of Tlemcen, the great grandchild of Hasan ibn Ali, the Sulaymanids are brothers with the Idrisids dynasty of Morocco.
It begins according to Ibn Khaldūn with the flight of Sulaymān Ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmil towards the Maghreb after the Battle of Fakhkh in 786, then its takeover of Tlemcen then in the hand of the Zenata, (in the northwest of present-day Algeria).
But not all Arab chroniclers agree that this brother of Idrīs I survived the massacre or that he does not owe him the governorate of the city.
It seems better supported that Idrīs II, the son of Idrīs I, conquered around 814 Tlemcen, a city then probably with a strong Christian population, a meeting point of the Berber populations and a meeting place of the markets, by putting on the run his chief Maġrāwa Muḥammad Ibn H̱azar.
He would then have handed the city over to his cousin Muḥammad, the son of Sulaymān Ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmil, who thereby founded the dynasty of Sulaymānides after his father's name.
According to historian Gilbert Meynier, one of the descendants of Idris I, Mūḥāmmād Ibn Sūlāymān, creates in the region of Tlemcen, the « sulaymanid kingdom », a state which seems to control only the cities, coexisting with the neighboring tribes which preserve their Kharidjite heterodoxy.
Tlemcen becomes a distinguished city, in growing connection with the Arab culture of Al-Andalus, in 931 the Fatimids took the city and put an end to the power of the Sulaymanids who took refuge in Al-Andalus.
The government of Tlemcen was under the responsibility of Aḥmād, son of Mūḥāmmād then to Mūḥāmmād son of Aḥmād, then to Al-Qasseem son of Mūḥāmmād son of Aḥmād.
Idris receives Archgul, on the other hand, his brother Yahya joins forces with the Umayyads in the time of Abd al-Rahman I.
The city of Dejrawa which shelters Al-Hāssān Ibn Abû'l ‘Aych will be besieged by Ibn Abû'l‘ Afya, representative of the Umayyads in the central Maghreb (current Algeria).
Ténès (in the current Wilaya of Chlef in Algeria) will be the seat of Ibrahim, son of Mūḥāmmād, then it will be in the hands of his son Mūḥāmmād, of the same name, then to Ibrahim (same name), then to Yahya and Ali.
Al Kheyr Ibn Mūhāmmād Ibn Khazer of the Maġrāwī will help Hamza and Yahiya, son of Ali to cross to Spain.
And among the descendants of Mūhāmmād, son of Sulayman, there is Ituwich, son of Hatech, son of Al Hassan, son of Muhammed, son of Sulayman, and Hammad, son of Ali, son of Mūhāmmād, son of Sulayman.
Ibn Khaldun notes that Souk Hamza at Bougie, according to Ibn Hazm, does not bear the name of an Arab alid Idrissides, but of an Arab Sulaymanid.
According to Ibn Khaldūn in his appendix IV, Sīd Sūlāymān Ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Kāmīl escapes towards the Maghreb during the Abbasids, he arrives at Tiaret after the death of his brother Idris I and he wanted to take power.
But the Berbers resist threats from Sīd Sūlāymān Ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Kāmīl and the Banu Tamim of the Arab Aghlabid dynasty decree the order to arrest him.
His son Mūhāmmād Ibn Sūlāymān succeeds and his children share all of (Central Maghreb: present-day Algeria) after the death of their father Sīd Sūlāymān Ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Kāmīl.
The government of Tlemcen was under the responsibility of (Aḥmād), son of (Mūḥāmmād) then to (Mūḥāmmād) son of (Aḥmād), then to (Al Qassem) son of (Mūhāmmād) son of (Aḥmād).
(‘Ayssa), son of (Mūhāmmād), obtains Archgul (town and island at Tafna, a river eight leagues from Tlemcen in Algeria) and he allies with the Fatimids.
Idris receives Archgul, on the other hand, his brother Yahya allies with the Ummayyads at the time of ‘Abd Rāhān An-Nāsīr.
Until recently the coins of Mūḥāmmād Ibn Sūlāymān, the founder of the line and his great grandson Aḥmād Ibn ‘Isā were known only.
Pío Cabanillas Alonso (born 9 December 1958) is a Spanish politician who served as Spokesperson Minister of the Government from April 2000 to July 2002.
The boys' slalom competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on 14 January.
The Kók Tóbe Park is a recreational area that has a variety of amusement park type attractions and restaurants and is located on top of Kok Tobe.
In September 2014, the mountain was closed for the construction of a new cable car, as well as the reconstruction of the northern side of the mountain and the park.
It was built during 1975 and 1983, and if measured from sea level, this tower is one of the highest in the world – 372 meters tall.
John Lennon is seen sitting on a bench with his guitar, while behind him stand Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.
In addition to these attractions, on the Kok Tobe there are viewing platforms, a petting zoo, a concert hall, a lovers alley, ponds, and shops selling national souvenirs.
Going down with a speed of 45 km / h, users can enjoy the view of the picturesque landscape of the city.
Devin Vassell (born August 23, 2000) is an American college basketball player for the Florida State Seminoles of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
As a true freshman, Vassell averaged 4.5 points and 1.5 rebounds per game and led all ACC freshman with a .419 three-point shooting percentage.
He made a three-pointer with 4.5 seconds left in regulation to force overtime in the Seminoles' 65-63 win over Virginia Tech in the quarterfinals of the 2019 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament.
Vassell was named the Most Outstanding Player of the 2019 Emerald Coast Classic after scoring 16 points against Chicago State, 13 against 17th-ranked Tennessee and 13 points against Purdue in the final.
Midway through the season Vassell's play lead him to be considered as a potential first round pick in the 2020 NBA Draft.
He scored a career-high 18 points against Virginia in a 54-50 victory and set a new career high the next game with 23 points and 11 rebounds against Miami and was named the ACC co-Player of the Week.
Celine J. Marmion is a Professor of Chemistry at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and President of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland.
To better serve these patients Marmion developed a family of metallo-antibiotics, based on a Cu-N,N-framework, which can bind to DNA, has DNA oxidant properties and has antiproliferative and antimicrobial properties.
Maria Bekatorou returned to host the show for the sixth time and the judges are Giorgos Mazonakis, Dimitris Starovas, Alexis Georgoulis and Mirka Papakonstantinou, which replaced Mimi Denisi.
The 2018–19 Dynamo Dresden season is the 66th season in the football club's history and 3rd consecutive season in the second division of German football, the 2.
In addition to the domestic league, Dynamo Dresden also are participating in this season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal.
He was replaced by Cristian Fiél on an interim basis, before Maik Walpurgis was appointed as his permanent replacement on 11 September 2018.
Harry James Smith was born in New Britain, Connecticut, on May 24, 1880, seventh of the nine children of John B. and Lucy F. Smith.
For the 1902–03 school year he was an assistant in the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts He studied English at Harvard, receiving his master's degree in 1904; and in 1904–05 taught in the English Department at Oberlin College.
It starred Laura Hope Crews, who also starred in the 1915 silent film of the same name, produced by Jesse Lasky and directed by J. P. McGowan.
It was adapted into a 1922 silent film directed by Joe De Grasse, and a 1931 film directed by Sam Wood.
During the summer his collecting and preparing of the moss was done under the auspices of the National Surgical Dressings Committee of New York; but in December, 1917, he received his brevet from the American Red Cross, and late in February he went to Seattle to investigate the supply of moss in the Northwest and to help in organizing the work.
After two weeks, he went to British Columbia to arrange for a shipment of moss for the Canadian Red Cross, and it was there, on March 16, 1918, near Murrayville, that he was killed in a train and automobile collision.
Finally, his family found a non-profit organization that helped them move to Toronto, Canada after they were forced to leave the U.S in 2002 when their U.S. citizenship applications were declined twice.
In March 2013, Jamal and Van Larkins started their tour of New Zealand and Australia, where they performed a total of 35 shows.
Later in the same year, he toured the US and Canada with Andrew York, Diego Figueiredo, and Brian Gore, and performed in 24 shows as part of the International Guitar Night Tour.
Jamal's music is a blend of jazz, blues, world, classical, flamenco, folk, fingerstyle and Persian music that he describes as progressive acoustic guitar.
Jamal names Pat Metheny, J. S. Bach, Paco de Lucia, Iron Maiden, and Michael Hedges as some of his early influences.
Jamal played a Taylor 814ce Limited Edition 2006 model guitar, but now performs live using his own Cole Clark Signature Model guitar.
Raised in Tunisia and the United States, she is currently based in Montreal, Quebec, where she is a graduate of the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema at Concordia University.
She won a bronze medal in the women's 53 kg event at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships and again in 2019 in the women's 53 kg event at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships.
The hotel was built around 1762 for Jacques Alexandre Gauthier de Vinfrais, hunting inspector of the Varenne du Louvre bailwick and Commandor of the Gendarmerie brigade at Villejuif.
In the early 19th century, the Villejuif city council decided to locate its municipal garage there, later replaced by the municipal technical center.
The facades, the roof, the coachway and the central staircase of the building were listed as a Historic Monument on September 17th, 1996.
On 8 Jul 1607, he was consecrated bishop by Ludovico de Torres, Archbishop of Monreale, with Juan de Rada, Bishop of Patti, and Metello Bichi, Bishop Emeritus of Sovana, serving as co-consecrators.
I, Anna Komnene is a novel by Bulgarian historian Vera Mutafchieva, a specialist in Ottoman studies and the daughter of historian Petar Mutafchiev.
The novel has a feminist tone: the fate of the heroine, represented through the perspectives of the women around her, is typical of the so-called androcratic civilization, in which the male point of view and values are dominant.
By trying, sometimes against her will, to deal with it, the woman undermines life's diversity and balance, because her calling is to be environmentally friendly, intuitive and tolerant, and to harmonize the world through motherhood and world-making.
It is a self-contradictory work that combines and contrasts the apologetics of the first historian with the artificial feminism of the 20th century.
Anna Komnene is a maternal heir to the Cometopuli dynasty and in this sense is a child of dualism – between the classical Greco-Roman world and the Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, who took the name of the Biblical prophet Samuel in an attempt to save the legacy of the Golden Age of medieval Bulgarian culture.
Mutafchieva stays close to the classic novel, rather than transitioning to journalism as many Bulgarian writers did after the revolutions of 1989.
Swedish Dance Music Awards (also known as Gilbey's Swedish Dance Music Awards and ZTV Dance Music Awards) was an Swedish dance music award that started in 1990 by John Wallin (Pitch Control) and Jonas Siljemark (Siljemark Production).
In the north-west, the border starts at the Atlantic coast at Jinnak Creek, and then proceeds eastwards via a straight line.
Just to the west of the Gambian town of Ngeyen Sanjal the border proceeds to roughly parallel the north bank of the Gambia river at a distance of about 10km, bending round in the far east to encompass Koina and Kantale Kunde within Gambian territory, before proceeding westwards again at about 10km parallel to the river’s southern bank.
Just east of Dumbutu (Gambia) the boundary veers south in a straight line, then turns at a right angle to the west, proceeding via a straight line before reaching the San Pedro river; the boundary then follows this river out to the Atlantic Ocean.
France and Britain began exploring and trading along the West African coast from the 17th century, and the two powers contended for supremacy in the Senegambia region over the following centuries.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result, France and Britain signed a treaty on 10 August 1889 delimiting a boundary between Gambia and Senegal, extending the Gambia east as far as Yarbutenda.
Various pillars were erected to mark the boundary on the ground, with further on-the-ground demarcation being conducted in 1911 and 1925.
In 1960 France granted Senegal independence; Gambia became independent in 1965, at which point the border became an international one between two sovereign states.
From 1751 until the Latvian agrarian reform in 1920s the manor belonged to the noble family, which was related to the famous Münchhausen family.
Hieronymus Carl Friedrich von Münchhausen spent several years in Livonia and in 1744 married Jacobine von Dunten, daughter of baron von Dunten.
After state of Latvia confiscated manor from von Dunten family property was divided into smaller land lots and in manor house a club was established.
The mechanism is a reaction of the chlorimide group (=NCl) with the phenol to produce an indophenol, with two rings joined via an =N- link.
The village is located on the northeastern border of Šiauliai and the western shore of the Ginkūnai Lake (the lake is part of Šiauliai).
He then purchased Ginkūnai (six peasant houses, 24 men and 18 women serfs, an inn, windmill, and permit to use the lake) for 5,600 Dutch daalders in 1805.
Zubovs supported the Lithuanian National Revival and opened a secret Lithuanian school in 1896 in violation of the Lithuanian press ban.
Ginkūnai had 162 residents in 1923, 298 in 1939, 458 in 1959, 1,050 in 1970, 1,752 in 1979, 2,397 in 1989, 2,963 in 2001.
On 26 Apr 1610, Luca Semproni was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Città di Castello.
On 9 May 1610, he was consecrated bishop by Michelangelo Tonti, Bishop of Cesena, with Metello Bichi, Bishop Emeritus of Sovana, and Alessandro Borghi, Bishop Emeritus of Sansepolcro, serving as co-consecrators.
She chaired the Technical Commission of the Circle of Inventors founded in 1922, and the Argentine Association of Scientific and Technical Libraries.
Along with her academic achievements she was also active in the National Feminist Union, together with activitists such as Alicia Moreau de Justo and Julieta Lanteri.
He played professional basketball in Chihuahua, Mexico, and was on the Mexico national basketball team in the 1938 Central American and Caribbean Games.
After the war, he earned a master's degree at the University of Maryland, College Park, and then coached boy's basketball at Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland, where he won three state championships as head coach from 1951 to 1955.
He integrated the American Eagles basketball team by recruiting black players for the first time, and the team won three Eastern Regional Division II NCAA basketball championships in the late 1950s.
Carrasco was the first Mexican American to serve as the head coach of a men's basketball team at a major university in the United States.
The El Paso Job Corps opened under Carrasco's leadership in September 1970, and it developed into one of the most successful programs in the country.
Odilon Redon, or The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Guy Maddin and released in 1995.
The film stars Jim Keller and Caelum Vatnsdal as Keller and Caelum, a father and son who compete for the affections of Berenice (Brandy Bayes), a woman they have rescued from a train crash.
The film was commissioned by the BBC as part of a series in which filmmakers were asked to create short films inspired by other artists.
The film had its theatrical premiere at the 1995 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Best Canadian Short Film award jury.
Minnesota Valley State Trail is a 27-mile (43 km), multi-use trail in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area that runs parallel to the Minnesota River from the cities of Belle Plaine to Shakopee.
First established in 1969, and never fully completed, the trail is undergoing a 13.5 mile (22 km) extension in 2019 and 2020.
The trail weaves in and out of floodplain areas and forests, with dense oak forests, oak savannas, wetlands, and lakes as the most common features.
The trail has a total elevation gain of 1,288 feet (393 m) over its lengthy course, but it is relatively flat with elevation ranging from 713 feet (218 m) to 800 feet (242 m) above sea level.
The Minnesota River valley has been a vital, but overlooked natural area, especially as it approaches confluence with the Mississippi River near Fort Snelling State Park.
In 1969, the Minnesota Legislature established a state trail system in the Minnesota River valley from the city of LeSeur to Fort Snelling State Park.
By 2019, only the 27-mile segment from Belle Plaine to Shakopee had been developed, including a 17-mile natural surface trail from Belle Plaine to Chaska, and a 10-mile paved trail from Chaska to Shakopee.
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources is responsible for maintaining the trail, though segments of it pass through areas under state, local, and federal jurisdiction.
The 13.5 mile (22 km) extension pushes the northern end of the trail up from the Bloomington Ferry Bridge to the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge Visitor Center.
After the extension is complete, trail users will be able to connect to the Big Rivers Regional Trail at the wildlife refuge.
Portions of the trail extension are slated to be paved, which has generated some local controversy, especially from mountain biking enthusiasts.
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources manages some state corridor trails and segments, while other trails/segments may be entirely managed by local governments but still included in a statewide inventory.
In 1883, he became the third Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, serving in this position until his term on the court ended in 1888.
Buchanan averaged 14 points and 5.7 rebounds as a freshman at Northeast Mississippi and helped the Tigers capture the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Region 23 title and reach the national tournament.
As a sophomore, he averaged 18.4 points, 7.0 rebounds, 3.3 assists, 1.7 steals, and 1.5 blocks per game, shooting 45.8 percent on field goals and 31.5 percent from beyond the arc.
As a senior, Buchanan was named to the First Team All-Ohio Valley Conference as well as conference Defensive Player of the Year.
He started all of his 33 games and averaged 13.0 points, 4.2 rebounds, 1.7 assists and 1.82 steals per game, helping lead the Racers to the 2019 NCAA Tournament.
He finished his career at Murray State with 722 points scored, 110 career steals and 63 starts in his 65 career games.
In two seasons at Murray State, Buchanan shot 48.4% from the field, 32.4% from behind the arc and 70.1% from the free throw line.
He had several siblings, some of whom also became military: Franciszek Hiż, a colonel of the Crown Guard; Piotr Hiż, captain of engineers; Józef Hiż, Warsaw canon; and Wilhelm Hiż, Oberstleutant of the Crown Guard.
In 1764, Jan Wilhelm Hiż was among five members of the Hiż family that received nobility with the Jeż coat of arms.
Albert Henrik Krohn Balchen (8 October 1825 – 12 November 1908) was a Norwegian priest and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was a vicar in Sarpsborg when being elected to represent the city in the Parliament of Norway, in the elections of 1868, 1870 and 1873.
She entered Mount Holyoke College in 1937 in the colleges's first seminary class, but appears to have left in 1840 without obtaining a degree.
It appears the marriage did not last because in the June 1880 census of Andover, Massachusetts, Emily was listed as a head of household three children living with her, and showed that Charles was married to someone else.
Bartnoff earned her Bachelor of Arts from Radcliffe College, her Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School and her Master of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center.
On January 28, 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Bartnoff to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Eric Holder.
On May 18, 2009, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure recommended that President Obama reappoint him to second fifteen-year term as a judge on the D.C. Superior Court.
The design was built by Tillotson Pearson for J/Boats in the United States and also by Sydney Yachts/Bashford International in Australia, between 1983 and 1992.
It has a masthead sloop rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a reverse transom with a swim ladder, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
The galley is located on both sides of the boat, at the foot of the companionway steps and includes a two-burner, alcohol fired stove and an icebox.
Obviously, Johnstone knows something about the harmony between a boat’s underbody and the water, but a large part of the boat’s speed is also dependent on the light weight—10,500 pounds on a 30-foot waterline—as well as a good distribution of that weight.
Traditionalists may think the J/35 is a little plain, but its proportions are pleasing, and many people consider it the most attractive grand prix racer around.
He scored 342 runs in his ten first-class matches, at an average of 21.37 and with a highest score of 71.
The film stars Julie Lavergne, Patrick Goyette and Luc Picard as Alice, Hubert and Marc, three people who become drawn into a love triangle while participating in a community attempt to establish a world record for egg tossing.
At the 1992 Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma, Briand won the Bourse Claude-Jutra for Most Promising Young Director, and Picard won the Prix Luce-Guilbault for Most Promising Young Actor.
The film was later screened at the 1992 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Canadian Short Film.
It was designated an Atlanta Historic Building in 1990 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
The building, originally known as the Wynne-Claughton Building, was constructed in the 1920s to serve as the headquarters for the Wynne-Claughton Company, an Atlanta-based real estate firm created by Morgan T. Wynne and Edward N. Claughton in 1923.
The building was designed by G. Lloyd Preacher, a prominent Atlanta-based architect who designed several now-historic buildings in Atlanta, including Atlanta City Hall and the Medical Arts Building.
Other early tenants in the building included the Oakland Motor Car Company and the Georgia chapter of the Knights of the KKK.
This may have been in reference to the Carnegie Library in Atlanta, which was located directly across the street from the building.
The building is located on a triangular-shaped tract of land bordered by Peachtree Street, Carnegie Way, and Ellis Street, which it shares with the Peachtree Center station and the Ellis Hotel (formerly known as the Winecoff Hotel).
During the 1946 Winecoff Hotel fire, some people trapped in the nearby Winecoff Hotel attempted to jump across the 10-foot alley separating the two buildings, with many falling to their deaths as a result.
In 2006, King & Spalding, an Atlanta-based law firm and major tenant in the building, left, causing the building to reach over 60% vacancy.
He was also the co-founder and president of the Halifax River Yacht Club, and vice-president of the Florida East Coast Automobile Association.
As an architect, Gove designed important residential and commercial properties that had a major influence on the physical character of the Daytona, Florida area.
In 1909, Gove contracted with the ketchup maker, Thomas A. Snider, and built a group of California-style bungalows on the northeast corner of South Street and Ridgewood Avenue in Daytona.
His commercial buildings include the Rexall Building, Clarendon Hotel, Colonnades Hotel, Ridgewood Hotel, Deland High School, Halifax Yacht Club, an addition onto the Ormond Hotel and the Ormond Yacht Club Building (now listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
He participated in business investments with another prominent developer and architect in Daytona, Charles G. Ballough,and collaborated with him on the construction of the Clarendon Hotel.
In this monastery in 855, on the basis of the developed Byzantine minuscule writing system, Cyril and Methodius created the first Slavic alphabet – the Glagolitic script.
While in Dental School he won the $10,000.00 Charles M. Schultz Award for college cartoonists and had a cartoon published in the New York Times, the newspaper in which he now publishes regularly.
The Accident is a four-part British television drama miniseries starring Sarah Lancashire, which first aired on Channel 4 from 24 October 2019.
It explores a fictional Welsh community's fight for justice after an explosion on a construction site, which killed several local children.
A group of local teenagers manage to climb into the site but, while they are drawing graffiti inside the building, an explosion takes place.
The building collapses before rescuers can reach the children and all except one of the ten teenagers, 15-year-old Leona, is killed by the collapse.
The second episode ends with him listing all the major disasters, which have ended with no-one at fault going to jail.
Polly and Iwan's house was in Blaengarw, Kallbridge Developments' plush offices were filmed at the University of South Wales campus in Newport and the Crown Court scenes were filmed in the coroner's court at Cardiff Central Police Station.
Dibutoxy ethyl phthalate is a chemical used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate and used to make adhesives.
Tanya Haave (born 1963) is an American collegiate head coach for the Metro State Roadrunners of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.
In 1980, she was named Sportswoman of the Year and later became the first woman to be named the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame High School Athlete of the Year.
In her final year of high school, Haave set four basketball state tournament records, including recording a 100% single-game free throw record, and was named to a national All-America.
As a member of the Lady Vols, she led the team to three NCAA Final Four appearances and two national championship games.
She became the first All-American for the Lady Vols and concluded her collegiate career as the all-time leading scorer in the programs history.
In 1984, she received the Chancellor's Citation for Academic Excellence and Leadership and Woman of Achievement Award from the UT Commission for Women.
Haave began her coaching career at Regis University from 1999 to 2001 before joining the Colorado Buffaloes women's basketball as an assistant coach.
While with the Denver Pioneers, she helped lead the team to a 15-13 overall record which included an appearance in the Sun Belt Conference Tournament.
She stayed with the Pioneers for one year before earning her first NCAA Division I head coaching position with the University of San Francisco in 2006.
During her four-year stay with the San Francisco Dons women's basketball team, Haave accumulated a 36-86 overall record and four straight seventh-place finishes in the West Coast Conference.
This led to her being fired from San Francisco and hired for the Metro State Roadrunners of the Metropolitan State University of Denver.
In her first year with the Roadrunners, she helped lead them to their first Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference Championship since 1998 and was named the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference Coach of the Year.
At the end of that season, where the Roadrunners finished second in the Rocky Mountain conference, Haave was named the Conference's Coach of the Year.
Rudolph Keppler (February 27, 1845 – June 4, 1923) was a German-American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
A banker for many years, he was head of the firm of Keppler & Co. until his retirement in 1914, at which time his son took over the business.
While he was president of the Exchange, much of his time was devoted to the supervising the construction of the building at 11 Wall Street.
Upon his retirement from business in 1914, Keppler resigned from the board of governors of the Exchange, on which he had served for thirty-two years, and was succeeded by Arthur Turnbull.
His son Emil received $250,000 cash, his country home at Twin Lakes, Connecticut, and his personal effects which were valued at $30,000.
The Prince and the Dressmaker is a fairy tale graphic novel written and illustrated by Jen Wang and released in 2018 by First Second Books.
After creating a shocking dress for a young lady attending the 16th birthday party of Crown Prince Sebastian of Belgium, the young seamstress Frances is hired by a mysterious client.
At a meeting with a princess, Sebastian insists he is not a good fit for her, at which point his father gets angry and collapses.
Crystallia and Frances go out to the ballet to show Aurelia Frances's designs, but Crystallia insists that Frances cannot attend the meeting because Frances's status as Sebastian's seamstress is well-known and would give away Crystallia's secret.
Frances, again working as a low-level seamstress, is asked by Peter Trippley to design pared down versions of her Crystallia outfits for Trippley's.
Overhearing gossip of the happenings in court, Frances finds Sebastian's manservant Emile who tells her that Sebastian left Crystallia's outfits to Frances.
He admits feeling as though he failed Sebastian; Frances replies that Sebastian was only afraid of what his parents would think.
Trippley's father demands that Crystallia be seized for ruining his show but the king, also clad in an ornate dress of Crystallia's, intervenes on behalf of his child and walks the runway himself.
Her initial inspiration for the book came from overlapping interests in writing a contemporary Disney-style fairytale with developing a story about a superhero who could create clothes that transform those who wore them.
Wang originally wrote both Frances and Sebastian as older characters, but adapted the characters to be teenagers which she realized heightened the stakes of the characters' realizations about themselves but otherwise fundamentally changed very little about the story.
She drew the book's illustrations on Bristol paper with a mechanical pencil she had owned for six years and inked it with a Winsor & Newton size two Series 7 Kolinsky Sable brush and Winsor & Newton black india ink.
The date of Van Gogh's painting of her is certain as one of Van Gogh's frequent letters to his brother, Theo, details the painting.
He made two sketches of Gachet at the piano, and again he wrote to his brother on 26/27 June to tell him that he had started the painting.
The pictures of her and many other valuable family paintings were given to a museum – her brother got the credit.
Donald M. Babers (born 15 May 1931) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as director of the Defense Logistics Agency from 1984 to 1986.
David Kyte Doyle (born 8 December 1931) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as Assistant Chief of Staff for Information Management.
She has appeared with the major opera companies in Houston, Los Angeles, D.C., Cincinnati, Miami, Cleveland, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, Edinburgh, Netherlands and the Bobigny in Paris.
Her chamber music and recital appearances include the festivals of Marlboro, Blossom, OK Mozart, Ambler, Chautauqua, Cape and Islands and the DaCamera Society.
Her father was world renowned conductor, Robert Page and her mother, Glynn Page, voice teacher Emeritus, Carnegie Mellon School of Drama.
Her sister, Paula Page was principal harpist with the Houston Symphony (1984–2014) and serves on the faculties of Rice University and University of Houston.
She was a founding faculty member of the Professional Musical Theatre Workshop at the Manhattan School of Music (1992–2010) and was on the voice faculty at New York University's Steinhardt School of Music (1998–2002), where she also served as director of the Opera Theatre Workshop.
William H. Schneider (born 24 September 1934) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as Deputy Commander in Chief of United States Pacific Command.
He served as Vice Governor of Hainan Province (1990–1997) in charge of agriculture and Vice Chairman of the Hainan Provincial People's Congress (1997–2003).
From 1954 to 1969 he worked in township (commune) governments in Lingao County, including Nanbao Township, Jialai Commune, Nanbao Commune, and Bohou Commune.
He was promoted to serve in the county government in September 1969, and became the Party Committee Secretary of Lingao County in October 1979, serving until 1983.
From 1983 to 1985, Chen studied at the Central Party School of the Communist Party of China, earning an associate degree.
After Hainan was elevated to a province, he served as Director of the Hainan Provincial Farm Reclamation Bureau (which was later restructured as a company) from 1988 to 1990.
After his retirement, he returned to live in his hometown, Songmei Village in Nanbao, Lingao County, and helped develop the infrastructure and agriculture of the village.
Marc Riolacci (died 12 January 2020) was a French football administrator, who served as President of the Ligue corse de football and was on the council of the French Football Federation.
Peter Edwards is a British pianist, composer and band leader, who is musical director of Tomorrow's Warriors' ensemble the Nu Civilisation Orchestra.
Edwards composes and arranges music for large ensembles as well as writing for his own Peter Edwards Trio, and artists he has worked with include Mica Paris, Abram Wilson, Nicola Emmanuelle and Zara McFarlane.
The orchestra was subsequently established as a permanent ensemble called the Nu Civilisation Orchestra (NCO), under the musical direction of Edwards.
Edwards made his BBC Proms conducting debut in 2019 at the Royal Albert Hall performing the sacred music of Duke Ellington.
A native of Fukui prefecture, Hashimoto went to high school at Ogaki Nihon University High School in Gifu Prefecture where he appeared with the team at the Japanese High School Baseball Championship.
On 17 October 2019, Hashimoto was selected as the 2nd draft pick for the Chunichi Dragons at the 2019 NPB Draft and on 20 November signed a provisional contract with a ¥80,000,000 sign-on bonus and a ¥12,000,000 yearly salary.
He performs all his songs in English, due to being fluent in English and being half American on his mother's side.
He was born to an American mother who originally comes from Iowa and his Japanese father who was born in Niiagata.
As a result, Hayakawa has dual citizenship of both countries due to his ethnic background, as well as his older brother who were both raised together by their parents.
This duality in his family would result in Hayakawa consistently fly out to the United States every summer for around 2 or 3 months at a time.
After rivalling with another band called Wheel of Life for a while, they decided to make a supergroup of the two most popular local bands in the area due to their similar musical interests and getting to know each other after meeting at rehearsals.
This stemmed from Hayakawa feeling more natural singing in English than Japanese due to his early years learning English and hip-hopping between Japan and the United States, and the bands western influences which helped to elevate this sound into their music] and translate the energy to Japanese audiences at the time.
Some of these songs would end up being included on their debut studio album, Final Destination, which was released in the backend of 2009.
The latter would end up being released worldwide in 2014 as a reissue, including new songs from their Japanese exclusive EP Until The End, following being signed to the North American-based label Hopeless Records that is home to bands such as All Time Low, Avenged Sevenfold and Silverstein.
This would allow them to tour all around the world with bands such as Bullet for My Valentine and Papa Roach, as well as playing festivals in Europe such as Download and Rock am Ring.
To coincide with this milestone, they released their fifth studio album Fateless, in October of the same year, as well as a tour that would end with them playing at the famous Nippon Budokan venue.
This tease would lead to speculation of a new album which was later released as The Side Effects in August 2019.
Owls were her favourite animals, the two owls on either side of a key to his represent the duality of his nationality.
His second tattoo had the symbol from their Nothing Lasts Forever EP, which has the meaning of taking your life for granted and living it to the fullest.
The third tattoo Hayakawa got was the Vena logo on his neck, which was featured on the cover for that album.
As a young kid, Hayakawa would be influenced by the Japanese J-pop scene, as well as the music his older brother tended to listen to.
It wasn't until the Nu-metal craze in 1999 where Hayakawa started to get into heavier bands, citing this as a critical point of his life which would end up helping him carving his career path.
However, his major influences as a vocalist are Chester Bennington of Linkin Park and Brandon Boyd of Incubus, who were also his two favourite bands growing up.
The 1985 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known by its sponsored name Kim Top Line Trophy, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix.
It was 81 meters tall and stored up to 100,000 cubic meters of gas while in use between 1933 and 1993.
After it was taken out of use several possible use cases were suggested, most notably painting it like a can of Coca-Cola for the 1995 World Championships in Athletics.
The building was demolished in 2017 after many complications among them two endangered falcons nesting on top of the building and various processes being appealed.
It was in the shape of a 20 sided polygon with an internal diameter of and a height of with a gas capacity of .
The most famous of these is The Coca-Cola Company's proposal to repaint it to look like a can of Coca-Cola for an ad campaign in connection to the 1995 World Championships in Athletics.
While empty it was used for a few purposes including recording several music videos, including Glorious by Andreas Johnson, a sonic art installation by Åke Parmerud and Olle Niklasson, and housing telecommunications equipment.
Gasklockan deteriorated further over time making it more expensive to renovate or maintain with a maintenance cost of 100,000 Swedish kronor (US$10,000) each year in 2011 making demolition more attractive.
By this time two endangered peregrine falcons had built a nest in the abandoned building requiring an exemption to the endangered species protection regulations.
The application process was started immediately after getting approval and came to an end in December 2014 when the county granted the exemption conditioned on the falcons finding a new nest.
A demolition company was contracted to perform the demolition, but the process was appealed by another demolition company taking part in the negotiations.
The appeal was rejected by the administrative court in October 2015, but the decision was once again appealed to the administrative court of appeal in November 2015.
The demolition was rescheduled to start in February 2017, but if any further delays occurred the demolition would not be finished before the nesting season for the birds requiring it to be delayed until September.
The demolition began in early 2017 and was performed by lifting the building using 20 jackscrews and removing the bottom most section.
The Kid from Santa Fe is a 1940 American Western film directed by Raymond K. Johnson and written by Carl Krusada.
It Tiz Well (foaled April 30th, 2014 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2017 Cotillion Handicap.
She competed in her first graded race, the Grade-2 Santa Ynez Stakes, on January 8th, 2017, where he came in second place.
She placed in third at the April 8th, 2017 Santa Anita Oaks and in fourth at the June 17th, 2017 Summertime Oaks.
On July 8th, 2017, she picked up a win at the Grade-3 Delaware Oaks, and followed it up with a second-place finish at the August 19th, 2017 Alabama Stakes.
In a press release, the government compared the event to the Festival of Britain in 1951 and the Great Exhibition of 1851.
She received degrees in Agricultural Engineering and a Postgraduate in Landscape Architecture from Escuela Superior de Agricultura de Barcelona, Polytechnic University of Catalonia.
Over the past 20 years she has been involved in landscape architecture projects in Europe including TMB Park, Coastal Park, the new urbanization of Passeig de Sant Joan in Barcelona and the Sant Joan Landfill restoration, which won the European Urban Public Space award in 2004.
She has been selected as a finalist in major landscape competitions in Spain such as Cañaveral Park in Madrid and Central Park in Valencia.
Through her work, Gali-Izard explores new languages and forms while working with living materials such as earth, water and vegetation and using a contemporary approach involving dynamics and management.
Arquitectura Agronomia has a number of built projects in Spain including San Telmo Palace garden in Sevilla, Arriaga Lake in Vitoria, Odesa Park in Sabadell, Logroño Train Station park, Casabermeja Park in Malaga, Desierto square in Bilbao, Auditorium Park in Barcelona with FOA, Cordelles Garden and Giner de los rios Garden in Madrid.
She was appointed as Full Professor of Landscape Architecture at the Institute for Landscape and Urban Studies (I-LUS) at ETH Zurich in 2019, initiating the masters program in landscape architecture.
She was Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture at University of Virginia from 2012-2018 and Chair of the Department of Landscape Architecture from 2013-2015.
She has previously taught in the Master’s program in Landscape Architecture and Environment at the Escuela Técnica Superior in Madrid and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and has lectured in the School of Architecture of Oslo in Norway, the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Austria, the Academy of Architecture of Mendrisio in Switzerland, the School of Architecture of Grenoble University in France, and the Oporto School of Architecture in Portugal.
Hamilton looks at the interactions of parasites and their host organisms using molecular and proteomic techiques, she investigates how parasites can overcome the host immune response.
Hamilton was involved in a schools partnership project SusNet Wales where school students took part in research looking at drug resistance in parasitic nematodes.
In 2016 Hamilton was awarded a Sustain Wales Award for her work on the SusNet project and was awarded fellowship of the Royal Society of Biology in 2017.
He attended the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Training School (now known as Springfield College), where he studied Physical Education as part of the Class of 1895.
In his only year as coach, McIntire posted a record of 2–4–1 with victories over the Nashville Guards and Earlham College.
After he left, Miami did not hire a football coach for two seasons until Alonzo Edwin Branch was hired for the 1900 season.
After leaving Miami, McIntire went to DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, where he was an instructor of Physical Culture and coached the school's football team.
He coached for two seasons from 1899 to 1900, where he had a record of 7 wins, 8 losses, and 2 ties.
Earlier in the season, Wabash coach Anthony Chez was able to gain knowledge of DePauw's plays and strategies by pretending to be a Newspaper reporter.
Because McIntire and DePauw thought he was a journalist, Chez was permitted to sit on the bench for one of DePauw's games where he gained insight that later would help Wabash to beat DePauw by a score of 6–0.
Several weeks later, DePauw adjusted its strategy and was able to win the second game that season between the two schools by a score of 26–11.
In 1901, McIntire left his position at DePauw and would join the faculty as an Instructor of Physical Education at Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
She won the gold medal in the women's 45 kg event at both the 2017 World Para Powerlifting Championships and 2019 World Para Powerlifting Championships.
The Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine is an allopathic medical school associated with the Kaiser Permanente health system and located in Pasadena, California.
Kaiser Permanente's vision for the school is to redesign physician education around the pillars of patient-centered care, population health, quality improvement, team-based care, and health equity.
Kaiser Permanente has long been involved in graduate medical education: Kaiser Permanente's first independent residency program began in 1944, and it currently trains over 600 residents each year.
Schuster conducts research on child, adolescent, and family health and previously served as the William Berenberg Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and chief of general pediatrics and vice chair for health policy in the Department of Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital.
The school will waive all tuition and fees for the full four years of medical school for its first five classes.
The Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine was renamed from the Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine in November 2019 in honor of late Kaiser Permanente Chairman and CEO Bernard J. Tyson.
Tyson drove Kaiser Permanente to increase its investment in social determinants of health, including supporting affordable housing, food security, clean air, safe recreational space, and reducing gun violence.
The Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine's main campus is in Pasadena, California, a city within Los Angeles County.
The six clinical sites are Downey Medical Center, Los Angeles Medical Center, Panorama City Medical Center, Fontana Medical Center, South Bay Medical Center, and West Los Angeles Medical Center.
In their third and fourth years, students will have the opportunity to learn at clinical sites in other regions across the country.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
The station is elevated and located between La Jolla Village Drive and Medical Center Drive, adjacent to the Veterans Affairs Hospital.
Guido Torzilli is an Italian liver surgeon from Milan, known for his surgical and scientific activities in the field of precision surgery for malignant liver tumors.
Torzilli was admitted to the Medical Faculty of the University of Milan and completed his studies with the predicate summa cum laude.
For his PhD Program he moved to Japan, at the University of Tokyo, as a fellow of the Japanese Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research.
After four years in the hepatobiliary surgical unit of the Hospital of Lodi, he returned to his Alma mater und became head of the Liver Surgery Section at the University of Milan.
During this time he was also active in Radiology Education for Residents at the University of Pavia and in several other medical specialties in other Italian universities.
Torzilli had published more than 200 scientific articles, had edited two books and had written more than 50 chapters in medical books (2016).
His interest in intraoperative ultrasound examination of the liver and its vascular structures led to the development of several novel techniques, such as liver tunneling, minimesohepatectomy and the upper transverse liver resection.
He has been driven be the conviction, that a tailored liver surgery for malignant tumors should have the secondary goal of sparing parenchymal volume as well as the vascular skeleton of the liver.
The overall strategy he dedicated much of his research and surgical activities to, has become known as parenchymal sparing liver surgery.
The first promo of the series was released on 20 January 2020 where two little kids were introduced as Yug and Iti.
Ametista was the lead ship of her class of a dozen submarines, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
Robert William Barry (9 September 1878 – 3 December 1915) was a New Zealand cricketer and soldier who played one match of first-class cricket for Canterbury in the 1901–02 season.
On returning to New Zealand he moved to Auckland in 1902 and worked as a clerk for the New Zealand Express Company, a transport firm, for 13 years, resigning in order to enlist for service in the First World War.
In the First World War he served as a sapper with the Divisional Signalling Corps of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.
He was wounded and erroneously reported killed in June 1915 during the Gallipoli campaign, but he recovered and returned to the front.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
Thailand will continue to play in the 2022 World Cup and 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification tournaments, as well as appear in the 2020 AFF Championship.
Ding Xieping (; 16 April 1938 – 4 January 2020) was a Chinese mathematician and a professor at Sichuan Normal University.
After graduating from Sichuan University in 1961, he taught as an assistant professor at the Department of Mathematics of the former Chengdu University (now Southwestern University of Finance and Economics).
He was named a National Outstanding Scientist in 1986 and was awarded a special pension for distinguished scholars by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
The video features several shots of grainy footage and is centered on a woman who wonders around a forest, a ship yard, and a rock pit.
There are also shots of a figure dressed in all black, someone dressed as the Jester Head, and an old man with a rapidly moving eye.
Anfitrite was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Diamante was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
She won two silver medals at the World Wrestling Championships: both in the women's 59 kg in 2012 and in the women's 55 kg event in 2018.
Galatea was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
She was the first woman elected to public office in Syracuse, New York, where she served on the New York State Board of Education from 1897 to 1903.
She was also active in child welfare work helped pass some of the first child labor laws in New York state.
She was on the board of trustees of the Shelter for Unprotected Girls and worked with the YWCA and the Girl's Patriotic League, in World War I. Huntington started the Visiting Nurses Association and was a founder of Syracuse Memorial Hospital.
Huntington was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, to Hannah Dane Sargent and Bishop Frederic Dan Huntington, Huntington was the oldest five children.
Naiade was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Previously he served as Director of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
He began his political career in March 1982, when he became a staff member at the Propaganda Department of CPC Qinglong County Committee.
In 1987 he was promoted to Magistrate of Pu'an County, and then Communist Party Secretary, the top political position in the county, in 1990, at the age of 30.
In 1996, he became Assistant Mayor of Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, one year later he was promoted to become Vice-Mayor, a position at vice-department level ().
He was Deputy Communist Party Secretary and Mayor of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in March 2005, and held that office until November 2006.
During his tenure, he led the leaders of ethnic minorities in Guizhou province to the United States for training and investigation.
In November 2006, he was appointed Deputy Communist Party Secretary and Acting Mayor and then Mayor of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and served until September 2011, when he became Director of the General Office of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
In January 2012, he was Secretary-General of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), he remained in that position until February 2018, when he was appointed Director of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
On January 10, 2020, he was removed from membership of China's top political advisory body, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Nereide was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
On 17 October 2019, Okano was selected as the 3rd draft pick for the Chunichi Dragons at the 2019 NPB Draft and on 20 November signed a provisional contract with a ¥70,000,000 sign-on bonus and a ¥12,000,000 yearly salary.
The performance utilized on the DVD and Blu-ray was of their September 14, 2019 performance at Nakano Sun Plaza in Nakano, Tokyo.
To help promote the album, those who purchased the video on its release date at eligible stores received one of three possible Christmas postcards on a first-come, first-served basis.
After a number of roles in overseas national security and diplomatic service, including serving as Political Counsellor at the British Embassy in Japan from 2004–2007, following Colin Roberts, Alessandri ultimately became a director in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
From July 2018 until early 2020, Alessandri transferred to the Cabinet Office, where she served as one of the UK's deputy National Security Advisers alongside David Quarrey, supporting the prime minister on national resilience and security.
Ondina was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Robert H. Homer (May 16, 1849 – October 13, 1927) was an American politician who served in Wyoming's Territorial legislature as a Democrat.
In 1874 he helped found the Laramie National Bank and served as its director until 1893 and then worked for the Wyoming National Bank in Laramie until 1895.
In 1904 he was appointed by Governor DeForest Richards onto a commission for Wyoming's exhibit to the 1904 World's Fair and was later elected as president of the commission.
Sakamoto competed in the doubles main draw of the 1979 Wimbledon Championships and 1980 French Open, both times with Shigeyuki Nishio as his partner.
This included a 1981 tie against France, in which he lost a match to Thierry Tulasne by a scoreline of 0–6, 0–6, 0–6.
Rubino was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Route 93 begins along the banks of the Colinet River in Colinet at an intersection with Route 91 (Old Placentia Highway).
The highway then turns east as it passes through Harricott to cross over some hills to enter Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catherines and pass through the Mount Carmel portion of town.
Route 93 turns north to wind its way along the Salmonier Arm of St. Mary's Bay for several kilometers to enter the St. Carthrines portion of town before coming to an end at an intersection with Route 90 (Salmonier Line), where the Salmonier Arm becomes the Salmonier River.
The 2019 Supercopa Argentina Final will be the 8th edition of the Supercopa Argentina, an annual football match contested by the winners of the Argentine Primera División and Copa Argentina competitions.
Robert Deey William Barry (7 January 1868 – 3 January 1938) was a New Zealand cricketer and umpire who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1892 to 1904 and umpired first-class cricket matches in Christchurch from 1903 to 1924.
When Auckland began their second innings requiring only 31 to win, Barry and his fellow leg-spinner Herbert De Maus took three wickets each to reduce Auckland to 24 for 6 before the necessary runs were scored.
Sirena was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Smeraldo was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Topazio was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Zaffiro was one of a dozen s, the second sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
1st whaling voyage (1815–1818): Captain Whiteous (or Whiteuse, or Whittens, or Whitehouse) sailed from England on 16 July 1815, bound for Timor.
4th whaling voyage (1822–1825): Captain John Duncan sailed from England on 26 September 1822, bound for the whaling grounds off Japan.
Michael Frederick Lockwood (born February 1959) is Director General (DG) of the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) and former CEO of Harrow London Borough Council.
The band is known for its unique instrumentation—the vocalists double on snare drum and ukulele and are supported by dual trombones, bass and guitar.
The group's musical repertoire is largely determined by DaSilva and Perea and draws upon songs from early jazz and the american songbook as well as more contemporary pieces arranged for a traditional jazz aesthetic.
During her education at The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music, DaSilva worked as a vocalist throughout the greater New York City area.
While substituting for another vocalist at the Hotel Chantelle in New York City’s Lower East Side in 2013, DaSilva became acquainted with the venue’s manager, who inquired if she had a band of her own that could perform at the venue on Sundays.
The duo augmented performances by respectively doubling on snare drum and ukulele and eventually integrated trombonists Joe McDonough and Rob Edwards as well as performers, including guitarist Gabe Schnider, saxophonist Eddie Barbash, bassist Dylan Shamat, and others.
Also associated with him is the Da Costa Book of Hours, 1515, now in the Morgan Library and Museum in New York.
The earliest known documental evidence of Álvaro da Costa's existence has him as a chamberlain to Manuel, Duke of Beja, in 1494.
When the Duke inherited the throne in 1495, Álvaro da Costa remained in the King's retinue; in 1498 he is identified as a knight of the King's household, and accompanied the King and his pregnant wife Queen Isabella when they were sworn heirs presumptive of the Crown of Castile.
Initially, Beatriz de Paiva acted as wet nurse to John, Prince of Portugal, whose birth coincided with that of their eldest son Gil Eanes, however, she stopped lactating after having fallen ill.
It was Álvaro da Costa who, in 1506, brought King Manuel the first Golden Rose offered to him by Pope Julius II.
In 1517, he was responsible for the secret negotiations for the King's third marriage, to Eleanor of Austria, in political circumstances of particular complexity; it was Álvaro da Costa who stood in for the King during the proxy wedding ceremony held in Zaragoza in 1518.
He was entrusted with a final diplomatic mission in 1520: the negotiations for the marriage of the King's daughter, Infanta Beatrice, to Charles III, Duke of Savoy.
He was buried in the , in Évora, in an elaborate Mannerist arcosolium sculpted still in Costa's lifetime by Nicolas Chantereine.
When the convent was abandoned and later demolished in the 19th century, the funerary monument was moved to the future , where it still stands today.
Gingival grafting, also called gum grafting or periodontal plastic surgery, is a generic term for the performance of any of a number of periodontal surgical procedures in which the gum tissue is grafted.
The soft tissue in the oral cavity is classified as either keratinized or nonkeratinized based on the presence of keratin in the epithelium.
Alveolar mucosa is non keratinized oral epithelium and is located apical to the keratinized tissue, delineated by the mucogingival junction (MGJ).
This can result in sensitivity or pain from the exposed tooth root surface (dentin is more permeable and soft compared to enamel and dentin is what makes up the tooth root).
While not all cases of gingival recession require surgical correction, there are various options if that is what the patient desires.
On the other hand, if one desires to pursue corrective therapy, there are a wide variety of techniques ranging from autograft (your own tissue, usually taken from the palate), allograft (someone else's tissue, cadaver), xenograft (animal, usually porcine or bovine) or simply repositioning of the tissue native to the site.
The benefits of corrective therapy often result in decreased sensitivity through coverage of the root surface in addition to a gain in the keratinized tissue mentioned beforehand.
Gum recession exposes the roots of teeth, which can lead to sensitivity and put teeth at a higher risk of damage or disease due to the loosening of their attachment within the gums and bones of the jaw.
Should gum recession continue, bone and keratinized tissue will be at a greater risk of being damaged and permanently lost around the teeth.
The aim of a gum graft is to extend keratinized tissue of the gums to cover tooth roots, which restores their firm placement within the jaw and prevents further damage.
Traditional gum grafting will have a piece of the gums harvested from the roof of the mouth and sutured facing the exposed root to increase the lost keratinized tissue.
Allografting techniques (skin from cadavers bought from tissue banks) are used as well to supply the surgeon with larger amount of tissues when needed in larger cases, but the type of healing and the risk of possible disease transmission should be considered and disclosed to the patient when opting for such technique.
Blood-derived growth factors have been used in medicine and oral surgery for more than twenty years with an abundance of scientific data supporting its role in soft and hard tissue regenerations.
APRF introduced by Dr. Choukroun represents the fourth improved generation of such technology and has been widely use in the field of dentistry and oral surgery.
The advantages of APRF are of multiple folds: Unlimited amount (only per tube harvested), no risk of rejection or disease transmission (using your own blood), high noble type of healing (autogenous growth factors and hematopoietic stem cells).
A small amount of blood ( per tube) is harvested and spun in a centrifuge for eight minutes at 1300 rpm.
A fibrin clot packed with blood-derived growth factors, extra cellular matrix and hematopoietic stem cells is fabricated and implanted into the gums above the area of gum recession.
Advanced platelet-rich fibrin will promote the patient's own gums to fabricate more gum thus eliminating the need to harvest gums from the roof of the mouth or the use of allografting tissue.
Coronally and apically positioned flaps, although technically not grafting procedures, are other forms of a pedicle grafts in that gingival tissue is freed up and moved either coronally or apically.
A free gingival graft is a dental procedure where a small layer of tissue is removed from the palate of the patient's mouth and then relocated to the site of gum recession.
A subepithelial connective tissue graft takes tissue from under healthy gum tissue in the palate, which may be placed at the area of gum recession.
This procedure has the advantage of excellent predictability of root coverage, as well as decreased pain at the palatal donor site compared to the free gingival graft.
This is not always an option, as the constraint that there must be sufficient tissue immediately lateral to the area of interest is an onerous one.
An acellular dermal matrix (such as Alloderm) graft uses donated medically processed human skin tissue as a source for the graft.
The advantage of this procedure is no need for a palatal donor site, and though some periodontists consider it equally successful as a subepithelial connective tissue graft, others consider it less successful.
Guided bone reconstruction is a technique in which bone growth is enhanced by preventing soft tissue ingrowth into the desired area and utilizes either resorbable or nonresorbable membranes.
Gum grafts are usually performed by periodontists who are trained in these procedures, though general-purpose dentists may offer the procedures themselves.
Outcome comparisons between both are highly variable, though with periodontists being specially-trained, periodontists generally recommend patients seeking their services over general-practice dentists.
IL2P (Improved Layer 2 Protocol) is a data link layer protocol originally derived from layer 2 of the X.25 protocol suite and designed for use by amateur radio operators.
It is responsible for establishing link-layer connections, transferring data encapsulated in frames between nodes, and detecting errors introduced by the communications channel.
The Improved Layer 2 Protocol (IL2P) was created by Nino Carrillo, KK4HEJ, based on AX.25 and implements Reed Solomon Forward Error Correction for greater accuracy and throughput than either AX.25 or FX.25.
IL2P was first implemented in Terrestrial Amateur Radio Packet Network (TARPN) ninoTNC to solve for lossy network links due to high signal to noise ratio or weak signal strength.
Luis Robles Díaz (6 March 1938 – 7 April 2007) was a Mexican prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1967 and fulfilled assignments in Honduras, South Africa, Ethiopia, Sri Lanka, Ecuador, and Colombia.
On 16 February 1985, Pope John Paul II named him a titular archbishop, Apostolic Nuncio to Sudan, and Apostolic Delegate to the Red Sea Region.
She performs Georgian and Russian romances – both in a duet with her mother Nani Bregvadze, with daughter Natalia Kutateladze, and solo.
On November 6, 2018, Addis won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 4, seat A. Addis defeated Rebecca Schroeder with 56.7% of the votes.
The changes and trends are based upon the parties' performances relative to the 2014 election and whether the party did better or worse in said municipality than the national average of the party's trend.
If that trend points upwards, the municipality became a more important part of the party's vote share than before, whereas a downward trend indicates the opposite.
A Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly, or UNGASS, occurs when the United Nations General Assembly meets in order to discuss an important wide-ranging topic.
Like a regular annual session, a special session consists of both formal and informal plenary meetings, with a Committee of the Whole negotiating the outcome document.
She represented the team at the 2016 Junior Oceania Cup on the Gold Coast and at the 2016 FIH Junior World Cup in Santiago.
José Loyola began to study flute with his father, Efrain Loyola, and continued at a later time, in 1963, at the National Art Schools with professors Juan Pablo Ondina and Emigdio Mayo.
In 1967, Loyola received a scholarship to study musical composition at the Warsaw Superior School of Music, with professors Grażyna Bacewicz, Andrzej Dobrowolski and Witold Rudzinski.
In 1973 he concluded his studies and, from 1981 to 1985, he continued at the Frédéric Chopin Academy at Warsaw, where he received a Doctorate in Music.
He also collaborated with the Music Sections of the Brigada Hermanos Saiz and the National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (UNEAC), and participated as a juror in the UNEAC composition contests of 1975 and 1976.
Gannawarra Energy Storage System (GESS) is a grid-connected energy storage system adjacent to the Gannawarra Solar Farm in Wandella in the Shire of Gannawarra, 14km west of Kerang.
It helps to ease the demand on a constrained transmission line and balances higher levels of renewable energy on the grid.
When the district was formed, Talou commune got two villages – Koh Svay and Koh Wat – from Bakan district’s Khnar Totoeng commune.
Although it does not contain the highest peak, the Courtois Hills has most rugged terrain and steepest average slopes of any region of the Missouri Ozarks.
The region contains several springs including Greer Spring, Round Spring and Alley Spring near Eminence and Big Spring near Van Buren.
Other common landforms are caves, sinkholes, and solution caves such as the Sinks natural tunnel on Current River tributary Sinking Creek.
The western frontier of the United States had crossed the Mississippi River and reached the edges of the Courtois Hills by 1811.
From the late 1880s until almost 1920, the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company and several other large lumber companies operated in the region, extracting millions of board feet of lumber from forests of short-leaf Southern yellow pine.
The best areas for agriculture are concentrated in the southern part of the region, where rivers have made the valleys wider.
The 31st GLAAD Media Awards is the 2020 annual presentation of the GLAAD Media Awards, presented by GLAAD honoring the 2019 media season.
The awards honor films, television shows, musicians and works of journalism that fairly, accurately and inclusively represent the LGBT community and issues relevant to the community.
Some of the awards will be presented in New York City on March 19, 2020, and the remaining awards were presented in Los Angeles on April 16, 2020.
Marcelo Henrique Teixeira Dias, popularly known as Marcelo Álvaro Antônio (born 16 February 1974), is a Brazilian entrepreneur and politician, and current Minister of Tourism of Brazil.
He was the most voted Federal Deputy in Minas Gerais in the 2018 elections, when he was re-elect with 230,008 votes.
Elect with 8,846 votes for City Councillor of Belo Horizonte in 2012, he was the 9th candidate most voted in the city.
Created the bill Councillor of the Neighbourhood, to attend locally the citizens and promote the participation of the citizen in the municipal politics.
He was candidate for Federal Deputy in 2014 and was elect with 60,384 votes, the 3rd most voted in Belo Horizonte.
In 2018, he was re-elect for the Chamber of Deputies, as member of the Social Liberal Party (PSL), with 230,008 votes, the most voted of Minas Gerais.
In 4 February 2019, Folha de S. Paulo reported the suspect of a scheme of fake candidacies, directing the money from public funds to companies linked to his Chamber cabinet.
As Chairman of the party in Minas Gerais, he was responsible to direct R$279,000 (US$ ) to the candidates, which was the minimum value imposed by the Electoral Justice destinated to women candidate to political offices.
From the R$279,000 sent to the candidates, at least R$85,000 (US$ ) were sent to bank accounts of four companies belonging to assistants, family members or associates of assistant of Marcelo Álvaro.
The Electoral Public Prosecutor's Office of Minas Gerais dennounced, in 4 October 2019, the Minister of Tourism Marcelo Álvaro Antônio for three crimes envolving lawman candidacies of the party in 2018.
The Minister's indictment made by the Federal Police occurred in 3 October 2019 for the electoral crime of omission in accountability and criminal association.
In February 2019, judge Grace Correa Pereira Maia, of the 9th Civil Circuit of Brasília, rejected a request made by Marcelo Álvaro to convict the notices of Folha de S. Paulo which linked him to the strawperson scheme.
He served as director of the State Bureau of Technological Supervision (1990–1992), vice minister of the Ministry of Astronautics Industry (1992–1993), and general manager of the state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (1993–1999).
After graduating from the Harbin Institute of Technology in 1954, he studied at the Moscow Machine Tool Institute in the Soviet Union, graduating in 1959.
He suffered beatings which caused permanent disability in his right hand, forcing him to write with his left hand for the rest of his life.
After his political rehabilitation, Zhu served as deputy director of the Science and Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Astronautics Industry from 1984 to 1987, as director of the State Bureau of Technological Supervision from 1990 to 1992, and as vice minister of the Ministry of Astronautics Industry from 1992 to 1993.
He was a member of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (1992–1997) and a member of the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (1997–2002).
He also served as a Standing Committee member of the 9th National People's Congress (1998–2003) and as deputy director of the Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee of the 10th National People's Congress.
He was the 5th and 6th president of the China Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and became a lifetime honorary president afterwards.
He won the silver medal in the men's freestyle 61 kg event at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
In 2018 he won the gold medal in the men's freestyle 61 kg event both at the 2018 World U23 Wrestling Championship and the 2018 European U23 Wrestling Championship.
Nummedal was educated as a geologist, and in 1909 he was employed as a teacher at Kristiansund High School () when he found traces of people living on the Norwegian coast approximately 8,000 years ago.
Nummedal found these settlements from the Fosna culture while he was studying the shorelines and post-glacial rebound during the time after the last ice age.
Nummedal was named a government scholar in 1917, and he was associated with the University Collection of Antiquities in Oslo as a conservator.
Nummedal was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and in 1936 he was named a knight first class of the Order of St. Olav.
The Royal New Zealand Air Force Band is the musical arm of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, based in the capital of Wellington.
Throughout the years, the RNZAF Band have worked with musical organizations and units such as the civilian New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and Orchestra Wellington Jan Van der Roost as well as the United States Air Force Band.
The band was formed in 1935, when the RNZAF was still known as the New Zealand Permanent Air Force of the Royal Air Force of Britain.
During World War II, the RNZAF band toured New Zealand to perform for airman and in 1944 toured the Pacific to increas the morale of Kiwi soldiers and air warfare forces in the Pacific War.
During the 4-year First World War centenary, the band's buglers played at over 1,200 Last Post bugle calls from all the way until Armistice Day in 2018.
Members of the band have provided music at significant commemorations around the world, including at locations in Turkey, Crete, France and Belgium.
Bon Marché Arcade, also known as Bon Marché Buildings, is a heritage-listed building in Perth, Western Australia, located at 74–84 Barrack Street in the Perth central business district.
It is three and four storeys tall, built in 1901 from brick in the Federation Free Classical architectural style, with a tin roof.
Designed by architect H. J. Prockter, it was a prominent feature in Barrack Street when constructed, being taller than the one or two story buildings surrounding it.
The site of the future Bon Marché Arcade was purchased by Bernard Stein, a Jewish bookbinder and former convict, in 1884 as a block of land.
In 1898 it was occupied by stock and share broker, an employment bureau, estate agents, printing works, an importer of Remington typewriters, a manufacturer’s agent, and a financier, Henry Seeligson.
The building was purchased in 1899 by William Gordon Brookman, a property developer who had made his fortune in Kalgoorlie gold mines during the gold rushes.
By 1901 Brookman had offices in the building, and other new tenants included the architects A. H. Smith and H. J. Prockter.
Prockter designed a four-storey building to be constructed on the site, and Brookman received approval for the development on 21 September 1900.
A three-storey addition was built at the rear, an additional storey was added to the existing structure, and there were extensive alterations to the interior and walls.
In 1919, Bon Marché Stores Ltd had bought the property for £4000, to expand their existing premises which ran between Hay Street and Murray Street.
This followed the earlier sale to P. L. Smith by 1902, and subsequent ownership by Executor Trustee Agency Co. Ltd. of South Australia from 1913 to 1919.
In 1923, the company was granted a building licence for the neighbouring property at 80 Barrack Street, and paid £1,200 for the works.
The name Bon Marché Buildings was used as early as 1929, and throughout the inter-war and World War Two years for the buildings at 78–82 Barrack Street, with the central arcade at 80 Barrack Street known as Bon Marché Arcade.
In April 1954, David Jones bought a controlling interest in Bon Marché, and renamed the business to David Jones in August of that year.
The closure and demolition of the Hay Street David Jones store in 1979 led to a vast decline in patronage of the arcade.
The original pink terrazzo flooring was revealed when coverings were removed, inlaid with brass lettering of the arcade's name, but this was overlain with ceramic tiles.
These defects in details on the ground floor were noted when the building was listed on the City of Perth's Municipal Heritage Inventory in 2001, though the upper levels were considered intact.
Lucy Curtis Turnbull (May 26, 1931 – April 21, 2019) was an American classics scholar, and director of the University of Mississippi Museums from 1983 to 1990.
She earned a bachelor's degree at Bryn Mawr College in 1952 and both master's (1954) and doctoral degrees from Radcliffe College.
She was among the professors who spoke in favor racial integration at Ole Miss in 1962, when James Meredith enrolled at the school.
In addition to the museum's collection of Greek and Roman objects, she oversaw exhibits of the museum's diverse holdings, including materials related to Mississippi author William Faulkner, and the art of Mississippi painter Theora Hamblett.
The 2020 United States Men's Curling Championship will be held from February 8 to 15, 2020 at the Eastern Washington University Recreation Center in Spokane, Washington.
If the winning team meets certain prerequisites in terms of world ranking points (60 points year-to-date or ranked 70th or higher) they then earn the chance to represent the United States at the 2020 World Men's Curling Championship in Glasgow, Scotland from March 28 to April 5, 2020.
Sixteen teams competed at the 2020 United States Men's Challenge Round, held at the Grand Forks Curling Club in Grand Forks, North Dakota, from January 2 to 5.
Maerki then dropped down to the 'B' bracket final and had another opportunity to play for a spot in the Nationals, but this time lost to Kyle Kakela who took the second Nationals berth.
Jerry Hale (January 20, 1936 – December 18, 2014) was an American college basketball coach who served as head coach for the College of Southern Idaho and Oral Roberts University.
Hale played college basketball for Henry Iba at Oklahoma A&M University (now Oklahoma State University) where he was a three-year starter.
He moved to the college ranks as an assistant to Don Haskins at UTEP, before becoming head coach at the junior college College of Southern Idaho.
A branch of the Kolyma Highway, the Omsukchan Highway, passes through the middle section of the ridge, across the Kapranovsky Pass.
The range stretches in a roughly north / south direction for over , from the confluence of the Kolyma River and the Sugoy in the north, to the northern end of the Tumansky Range in the south.
The right tributaries of the Balygychan River, such as the Kirchan, Dzhagin, Bulur and Nyagain, as well as all the left tributaries of the Sugoy, such as the Marat and the Volna, have their sources in the range.
The highest peaks are found in the south, where the shape of the range becomes clearly alpine with sharp and craggy peaks and ridges, as well as steep scree slopes.
In certain locations they are covered with larch forests until elevations of about , above which the forest is replaced by mountain tundra and rocky tops.
By 1962, Smith, Johnson, and Guy had left Sharp to join the Ike & Tina Turner Revue which had relocated to Los Angeles.
Smith along with Robbie Montgomery who she knew from St. Louis and Venetta Fields (a gospel singer from Buffalo) formed the first official incarnation of the Ikettes.
They performed at prominent venues such as the Apollo Theater in New York, the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C., and the Uptown Theater in Philadelphia.
Later that year Smith, Fields and Montgomery left the revue and formed the Mirettes in 1966, named after their new label Mirwood Records.
From 1977 to 1986 he worked under the artistic direction of Christoph von Dohnányi as chief dramaturg of the Hamburg State Opera and at the same time director of the experimental stage of Opera Stabile with numerous world premieres in opera and concert, and also by Wolfgang Rihm, Heinz Holliger, Manfred Trojahn, Wilhelm Killmayer, Aribert Reimann, Günter Bialas, Isang Yun, Rolf Liebermann and Udo Zimmermann.
From 1987 to 1990 he was deputy artistic director of the Oper Frankfurt, from 1990 to 1995 general director of the Stages of the State Capital Kiel and from 1995 to 2004 finally artistic director of the Hamburger Symphoniker.
Dannenberg died after a long illness in the night of 10 March 2015 at the age of 84 years in Kronshagen, Schleswig-Holstein.
In late April 1916, the Warsangeli under the orders of Mohamoud Ali Shire attacked the Dervish forces based at the Jidali fort, besieging them and looting their stock.
With news of the assault having reached the Dervish of Cershida and Surut, reinforcements were sent to Jidali to repulse the attackers, where the Warsangeli were defeated and the Dervishes managed to recover their stock.
On the evening of Saturday the 6th, the Dervishes set out to punish the Warsangeli with a force composed of 2,100 Gadwein and Uduruhmin Dervishes led by Ibrahim Boghol who swept down on the Warsangeli Capital, Las Khorey.
Once the British initiated the aerial bombardments of the Sanaag Forts in late January 1920, Ibrahim Boghol evacuated the Dervish forces and concentrated them at Taleh.
In 2014, she was named the Henry L. Moses Distinguished Professor of Law and International Organization at the Columbia Law School.
In her native homeland, she earned her L.L.M degree from the University of Helsinki in 2000 and soon after, flew to attend Harvard Law School on a Fulbright Scholarship.
After graduating with another Master of Laws degree from Harvard in 2002, she continued her studies there, until she graduated with an S.J.D.
Two years later, Bradford coined the term Brussels effect, which she named after the similar California effect that can be seen within the United States.
The study's goal was to create a collection of global competition laws, also known as Antitrust laws, to allow researchers, lawyers, journalists, and policymakers to study global economics.
Homer Kirk Grantham Sr. (May 2, 1896 – October 28, 1963) was an American football, basketball and baseball player and coach.
During his tenure from 1925 to 1932, Grantham was the head coach football, basketball and baseball at the Hall-Moody Institute, now known as the University of Tennessee at Martin.
It proposed nationalising all guthis and replacing the Guthi Sansthan with a powerful commission that would manage and regulate all guthis as well as religious sites and ceremonies.
The proposed bill, and especially clauses 23 and 24 of it, sparked widespread protests by the Newar community in the Kathmandu Valley which viewed the bill as an attack on their religious and cultural heritage.
Following a period of sustained street protests, the government officially withdrew the bill on 25 June 2019, the first time an incumbent Nepali government has withdrawn a bill it introduced to parliament.
The band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist Steve Murphy, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Matthew Dale, drummer and backing vocalist Carmelo Petrilli, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist James Andonopoulos and bassist and backing vocalist Jason Stacey.
The band consists of five members: Steve Murphy as lead vocalist, Matthew Dale on lead guitar, James Andonopoulos on rhythm guitar, Carmelo Petrilli on drums and Jason Stacey on bass guitar.
The band's biggest influences include Marilyn Manson, The Beatles, Wednesday 13, Cradle of Filth and Avenged Sevenfold, just to name a few.
Sons of Innocence first began as a songwriting duo with Steve Murphy writing a majority of the lyrics and rhythm guitar and Matthew Dale writing the lead guitar and drum parts.
Sons of Innocence went through several members before finally settling on Carmelo Petrilli, James Andonopoulos and Jason Stacey to fill the void.
The band is currently in the process of recording their first album, which is set for a projected release of 2020.
In 2012 Steve Murphy and Matthew Dale came together and starting demo recordings of what would become a part of the Sons of Innocence's current lineup.
Steve had written out the lyrics and the arrangements for most of the songs, and when Matthew came along he used his experience to assist arranging the drums for these songs.
In late 2017 Steve and Matthew were ready and in need of getting a bassist, guitarist and drummer to official form the band for professional recordings and gigs.
In early December, after trying a few guitarists and drummers, the current three-man band came across the guitar and drum duo Carmelo Petrilli and James Andonopoulos.
On the night of the tryout, Carmelo and James were accepted as fitting for their roles in the band, and from then onwards this was to be the five-man Sons of Innocence lineup.
In 2018 the band starting recording a full album demo inhouse which incorporated Sunset Rehearsal Studios, where a majority of the previous were demos were recorded again.
On 24 January 2019 the band recorded their full set as a live studio demo with Graham Dicker; the demo is being saved for a future release, and another fact for that day was that it was hottest day on Adelaide's record books at 46.6 °C.
In February 2019 the band was in search of a new bass guitarist as Nick Boot parted from the band on 24 February due to multiple reasons.
From September 2019 the Sons of Innocence have been working with Andy Kite from Against The Grain recording studio to get their first official singles recorded, mixed and mastered.
The band plan to release an EP with the previously released singles and an intro track, as the band plans to release an album by the end of 2020.
Wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.
The organization began with twenty-five members in 1891, largely organized by the state librarian Leonard Carver and George Little, who was a librarian at Bowdoin College.
In 1958 a Standards Committee was appointed, resulting in the Association adopting Minimum Standards for Public Library Service in Maine in 1962.
MLA published their first organizational handbook in 1915 which listed the names and affiliations of all MLA members as well as the list of all the libraries which belonged to the organization.
At the end of the poem the poet presents the optimistic picture in front of his beloved, he says that though the world may change, their love for each other will remain the same, and will continue to love each other till their end.
As a senior, he rushed for 1,487 yards and 19 touchdowns on offense and had 66 tackles, seven tackles for losses, and six passes broken up on defense.
Queen finished the regular season with 69 tackles (eight for a loss), 2.5 sacks, three pass deflections, two breakups, an interception and a fumble recovery.
Queen was named the Defensive MVP of the 2020 National Championship Game after making eight tackles with 2.5 for a loss and a combined sack against Clemson.
Following the end of the season Queen announced that he would forgo his senior season to enter the 2020 NFL Draft.
The 48th Highlanders of Canada Pipes and Drums is an authorized pipe band in the Canadian Forces and is currently located at Moss Park Armoury in Toronto, Ontario.
The current pipe major is Master Warrant Officer Iain Lang, who is concurrently the official piper to the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario.
The pipes and drums have played at every Toronto Maple Leafs home opening game at both Maple Leaf Gardens and the Air Canada Centre since their performance at the opening of the new Maple Leaf Gardens on 12 November 1931 at the request of Conn Smythe (a major in the First World War).
It performed in Toronto for the Trooping of the Colour in 1967 and the Scottish World Festival at the Canadian National Exhibition from 1972 to 1981.
In 1987, it was invited to perform in Bermuda and that same year, it participated in the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo.
In 1999, the pipe band lead the parade from Maple Leaf Gardens to the Air Canada Centre, when the Maple Leafs moved there for their area of operations.
The regimental pipe and drums provided musical accompaniment for the G7 summit in 1988 and for Queen Elizabeth II in 1998.
It has participated in many of the military and state functions in Toronto, including royal visits such as the one from Queen Elizabeth II in 2010. leading the marchpast on Wellington Street during the Remembrance Day Parade in Toronto.
The band has taken part in the funerals of former members of the regiment and state funerals of public figures in Ontario.
The pipes and drums continues to perform both on military occasions and other engagements in the United States, Scotland, and Canada.
The uniform of the pipes and drums is akin to the traditional Scottish military dress that includes kilts and it's unique tartan.
Less formal dress uniforms have either consisted a standard military service dress (either battle dress, DEU or shirtsleeves) and Highland dress.
The 48th Highlanders of Canada maintained two musical units attached it under its regimental structure since it was established in 1891.
A year after the unit was founded, the music in the unit consisted of a bugle band and pipe band, under the directions of John Griffin and Robert Ireland respectively.
In 1981, the band, joined by the bands of both the Toronto Scottish and the Royal Regiment of Canada performed at Wembley Stadium for a military tattoo involving over 1,500 musicians of the Royal Marines Band Service, the Corps of Army Music and the Royal Air Force Music Services.
He grew up in public housing as the 11th of 12 children born to Verlene and Jonathan Warnock, both Pentecostal pastors.
Warnock served as the youth pastor and then as assistant pastor at Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York, and senior pastor at Douglas Memorial Community Church in Baltimore.
He became senior pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church, the former congregation of Martin Luther King Jr., in Atlanta in 2005; he is the fifth person to serve as Ebenezer's senior pastor since its founding.
In March 2014, Warnock led a sit-in at the Georgia State Capitol press state legislators to accept the expansion of Medicaid offered by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
In 2015, Warnock considered running in the 2016 election for the United States Senate seat held by Johnny Isakson as a member of the Democratic Party.
Warnock decided in January 2020 to run in the 2020 special election for the United States Senate seat held by Kelly Loeffler, who was appointed after Isakson's resignation.
His campaign for the Senate has been endorsed by Democratic Senators Cory Booker, Sherrod Brown, Kirsten Gillibrand, Jeff Merkley, Chris Murphy, and Brian Schatz, as well as the DSCC and Stacey Abrams.
Warnock married Oulèye Ndoye in a public ceremony on February 14, 2016; the couple had held a private ceremony in January.
Born on 19 December 1944 in the District of Gurdaspur, Punjab, British India, Tahir's father, Muhammad Yaqub Tahir was a journalist, an Urdu poet and a writer of repute.
Tahir received major part of his early education in his home town and completed his master's in political science from University of the Punjab, Lahore in 1967.
He also served the Election Commission of Pakistan at Lahore and Peshawar (1969–70) before he was selected for Pakistan Taxation Service on the basis of Central Superior Services of Pakistan Examination, 1969.
After his promotion to BPS-21, he has served as Member, Income Tax Appellate Tribunal under the Ministry Law & Justice; Member, Chief Executive's Inspection Commission; Member, Federal Board of Revenue; Regional Commissioner of Income Tax, Northern Region, Islamabad and Regional Commissioner of Income Tax, Eastern Region, Lahore.
As already mentioned, Tahir's favorite subject is travel writing but he has also written numerous well meaning books on history, culture and biography too.
Besides having a number of encouraging press reviews at its credit, the book was highly appreciated by prominent travel writers, critics and intellectuals including Ata ul Haq Qasmi, Amjad Islam Amjad, Asghar Nadeem Syed, Dr. Wazir Agha, Prof. Ghulam Jilani Asghar, Fateh Mohammad Malik, Akhtar Imam Rizvi, Nasir Ahmad Perwez Parwazi and Jameel Malik.
Tahir has undertaken lot of research on the archaeological remains and places of historical and cultural significance in the province of Punjab.
These books were very well received by the general readers and the critics who highly appreciated these books include, amongst others, Mubarik Ali, Bushra Rehman, Abdul Qadir Hassan and many others.
Nasir Ahmad Perwez Parwazi, Abdul Karim Khalid and Wikipedia Sanaullah are amongst those who have admired the contents of these books and style of the author.
The 2020 United States Women's Curling Championship will be held from February 8 to 15, 2020 at the Eastern Washington University Recreation Center in Spokane, Washington.
If the winning team meets certain prerequisites in terms of world ranking points (60 points year-to-date or ranked 70th or higher) they then earn the chance to represent the United States at the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship in Prince George, British Columbia, from March 14 to 22, 2020.
Eight teams competed at the 2020 United States Women's Challenge Round, held at the Heather Curling Club in Mapleton, Minnesota, from January 3 to 5.
Two-time Junior Champion Christine McMakin was the first to secure a spot, defeating fellow junior curler Ariel Traxler in the 'A' bracket final.
Traxler dropped down to the 'B' bracket final and had another opportunity to play for a spot in the Nationals, this time earning her spot by defeating Ann Podoll 8–4.
Podoll then dropped to the 'C' bracket final where she defeated Stephanie Senneker to secure the third and final Nationals berth.
The first ascent of Mount Cooper was made August 10, 1962, by William Boulton, Terry Beck, Richard Hahn, Lorna Ream, Jack Steele, Edward Bouttin and Gary Johnson via the Spokane Glacier.
The mountain was named in association with Cooper Creek, which in turn was named after an 1880s Kaslo prospector and trapper.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the Spokane Glacier drains east into Cooper Creek, a tributary of the Duncan River.
He was already engaged in politics at a young age, and was a co-founder of the youth wing of the Christian Democrats, CDJA (CDA-jongeren) in Alkmaar.
When he was 22, he was involved in local organizations that were active on a range of political hot topics, including abortion, euthenesia, unemployment and nuclear arms.
He was the driver of the leader of the Christian Democrats (CDA) in the House of Representatives Bert de Vries, which was his introduction to national politics.
He was offered a job at the group's communications department and became the personal spokesperson for Elco Brinkman, a prominent politician.
The elections didn't turn out favorable for CDA though, and as they lost 20 seats they were not part of the new coalition government.
He was a frequent guest at the popular late night talk show Barend & Van Dorp and at the business channel RTL Z.
He built a reputation to be the first with political news, and was able to publish the national budget before it's embargo ended at Prinsjesdag (start of the parliamentary year and speech from the throne).
In 2005 he claimed during an interview that he was approached short after Pim Fortuyn's death to become State Secretary for immigration and later for media.
During the 2006 elections he stated in another interview that he would be available as State Secretary if Jan Peter Balkenende would hypothetically ask him (he later said to have misspoken).
It was claimed that he would have cheated and been provided with at least one correct answer by another contestant that had seen the script, which Wester denied.
In September 2019, Wester took some time off for health reasons – which later turned out to be an alcohol addiction.
Bills taught at several universities, but she was better known for her work applying personnel psychology at Aetna, where she was the first female officer hired by the company.
Bills earned a Ph.D. at Bryn Mawr College, where she studied under Clarence Ferree, a protégé of Edward B. Titchener who studied visual processes.
Bills may have found encouragement in the fact that there were several women on the faculty at Bryn Mawr, including Gertrude Rand.
After leaving Bryn Mawr, Bills became a research assistant to psychologist Walter V. Bingham at the Bureau of Personnel Research at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, and she was later named associate director of the center.
She became known for her efforts to bridge science and industry, applying psychological research to the selection of clerical and sales employees.
Bills was involved in the founding of Division 14 of the American Psychological Association; the division later became the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP).
It was established in 2015 as a full open access journal, but is now a hybrid open access journal, published by Springer Science+Business Media.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
The 2020 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament is the 10th edition of the African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-20 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Two teams qualify from this tournament for the 2020 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Costa Rica and Panama as the CAF representatives.
If the aggregate score is tied after the second leg, the away goals rule is applied, and if still tied, the penalty shoot-out (no extra time) is used to determine the winner.
Christopher Brayan Trejo Morantes (born 2 December 1999) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a forward for the Mexican club called Club Atlas.
Eisenberg began her law career as a clerk for Judge Robert F. Peckham at the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
In 1984, Eisenberg joined the faculty at the University of Michigan Law School, where she was subsequently named a Robert and Barbara Luciano Professor.
She was one of the first female faculty in Michigan's law school, with Sallyanne Payton and Christina Whitman being hired eight years before her.
The company began as a regular clothing line, and later changed its focus to ballistic clothing, an idea that Haider and Davis developed for a 2011 university class at the University of Mary Washington.
The two met with a ballistics producer and built a prototype suit, and began fielding queries from government agencies within a few months.
Aspetto body armor is certified by the National Institute of Justice, the national certification body for bullet-resistant body armor, and exceeds the testing standards for the NIJ, in addition to the DEA and FBI.
Much of its clothing is produced for government agencies in the United States, including the Department of Homeland Security for U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Clothing items include both business suits and casual wear such as t-shirts, underwear, vest, shoes, undershirts, and others, in addition to custom-made items and local cultural apparel.
Clothing can be designed to stop most handguns at point blank range, or with hard armor plates for protection against more powerful weapons.
Emil Vett (7 November 1843 – 18 February 1911) was a Danish businessman who was a co-founder of Magasin du Nord.
Vatt was born on 7 November 1843 in Rødby on Lolland, the son of medical doctor Julius Theodor Emil Vett (1808–69) and Karen Petrine Bjørn (1813–81).
He worked in the shop for a total of nine years and ended up heading it for around a year after the owner had fallen ill. After C. B. Christensen's death, Vett worked briefly in Emil Secher's fashion shop.
After partly retiring from the day-to-day management of his firm, in around 1900, Vett took active part in a number of charities such as the Danish Tuberculosis Society (Nationalforeningen til tuberkulosens bekæmpelse), Julemærkefonden and the organisation behind Høstblomsten.
In 1885–1911 he was a specialist member of sø-og handelsretten and in 1904–11 he was a member of Bank of Denmark's Board of Representatives.
Vett married Caroline Adolphine Langballe (15 September 1849 – 8 February 1935), a daughter of merchant Carl L. (1805-85) and Hansine Palline Pallesen (1814-68), on 27 April 1870.
Vett was also the owner of a summer residence designed by the same architect in Taarbæk on the coast north of the city.
Vett was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1896 and was awarded the Cross of Honour in 1908 and the Medal of Merit in Gold in 1909.
I Shot Down the Red Baron, I Think is an incomplete film written, directed, and produced by Cliff Robertson who also starred.
As Robertson understood it, if Cinerama liked the footage they would finance the rest of the film; if they did not Robertson would have the option of reimbursing them the money.
Robertson agreed to pay Cinerama $25,000 with a promise to pay $25,000 more if the film was made, but remained angry at Begelman.
In July 1970 it was reported AIP had signed a deal with Robertson who was working on the script with William Kerby.
After graduation, he worked as a staff operations officer in the CIA's Directorate of Operations, where he worked in the fields of counter-terrorism and counter-radicalization.
In 2013 Gabriel attended New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts, and spent 2014 studying at the University of California’s School of Theatre, Film and Television.
Its root system usually consists of a taproot reaching down , more in softer soils, and superficial roots that extend far beyond the dripline.
The prominent leaf veins run parallel, and the leaves themselves are coriaceous and glabrous, colored dark green adaxially and light green abaxially.
Its latex has many uses, including as a base (commercially called pendare) for chewing gum, for boat-caulking and for whitewashing houses.
The raw latex is sweet and is used as a milk substitute by people in areas where dairy milk is not readily available.
At least 64 African-American newspapers have been published in Missouri over the years, although the actual number is likely to be much higher.
Most of the publishing activity has been concentrated in the St. Louis and Kansas City metropolitan areas, but many smaller cities and towns have had such newspapers as well.
It is notable for being the first long poem written by any Indian in the English language, and forms a central part of Derozio's legacy as one of the founding Anglo-Indian poets.
After graduating from Lincoln University, Hunt began his journalism career in the 1980s where he wrote for the News of Delaware County.
In 2016, Hunt was inducted into the Philadelphia Black Basketball Hall of Fame for his contributions to the game of basketball in Philadelphia.
The railroad was originally built to serve the Anita mines, just under three miles away on what became a spur of the line to Grand Canyon.
The mines turned out to be worth little, which led to the continuation of the line to the canyon to serve tourists.
The school at Anita, along with the neighboring one at the lumber town of Apex, were at one time the only racially integrated schools in Arizona.
Pavel has strong sense of justice and wishes to fix wrongs with the world while Plech dreams about big money and secure life.
Several of her books have been shortlisted for or have won awards, including Children's Book of the Year in 1985 and the Senior Fiction category of the New Zealand Post Book awards for Children and Young Adults in 2002.
She grew up in Nelson and family holidays at Lake Rotoiti helped to inspire her love of the New Zealand landscape.
She won prizes for poetry and essay writing at Nelson College for Girls, but went on to study botany and physical geography at university, graduating with a BSc (Hons) in botany, and worked for the New Zealand Forest Service as a plant ecologist and a science editor.
Her novels often carry underlying themes of the natural environment, New Zealand history, flora and fauna and Maori folklore and heritage, and they are informed by her knowledge of geology and the landscape.
Several of her children’s books have been shortlisted for the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults or named as Storylines Notable Books.
Jose Enrique Ortiz Cortes (born 16 November 1998) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a defender for the Mexican club Monarcas Morelia.
William Sillman Hillyer (April 2, 1831 – July 12, 1874) was an American lawyer and soldier who advanced through the ranks to Brevet Brigadier General during the American Civil War.
During most of the Civil War he served under General Grant and was with him at the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh and the Siege of Vicksburg.
Hillyer's father was the postmaster of Henderson, Kentucky; his mother was a niece of Benjamin Silliman, a noted scientist and an educator at Yale University.
Hillyer lost both his parents when he was a youth, and along with his older sister Elizabeth, went to live with their aunt Mary Lapsley in New Albany, Indiana.
Hillyer married Anna Rankin of Newark—together they had six children which include twin sons whom he named after Generals Grant and Rawlings.
He often wrote to his wife concerning personal matters and other activities, with other correspondence to his friends and acquaintances and to a number of military personnel including Ulysses S. Grant.
The Hillyer papers also include various military documents, several of Hillyer's speeches, photographs of Hillyer with his family a scrapbook of newspaper and other clippings, and an assortment of miscellaneous items relating to the Civil War.
In 1855 Hillyer moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and together formed the law firm of McClellan, Hillyer and Moody During this time he met Ulysses S. Grant, who was renting office quarters from the firm.
In 1861 Hillyer served as a private in the Union army and was present during the capture of Camp Jackson in Missouri on May 10.
Soon after Ulysses Grant was commissioned as brigadier-general and in August 1861 he offered Hillyer from his former regiment a place on his staff, with the rank of captain.
On October 4, while stationed in Cairo, Illinois, Rawlings by Special Order, appointed Hillyer as the Mustering Officer for the district in compliance to Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers.
The entire dispatch was written and carried by Hillyer who delivered it in person to Confederate General Buckner, commander of the fort.
After the battle Colonel Hillyer and Brigadier General Lew Wallace had a falling out over Wallace's report on the battle, which claimed that Hillyer and Grant's other aides were not seen on the battlefield by Wallace or any of his aids.
Hillyer denied the charge and later criticized Wallace claiming his report exaggerated the contributions of Wallace and his division, and accused him of cowardice.
In his report of the battle Hillyer and other aides were mentioned by General Grant for their gallantry and services during the battle.
In April 1862 Governor Hamilton Gamble of Missouri appointed Hillyer as aide-de-camp with a promotion to the rank of Colonel of Volunteers on May 3, 1862.
Hillyer was again appointed Provost Marshal General of the Department of the Tennessee n June 24 having jurisdiction over various sections in Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky.
Serving under General Grant as one of his aides at the Battle of Shiloh, Hillyer was dispatched to St. Louis by the General to beseech General Halleck for permission for Grant to attack Johnson's army at Corinth before they were organized.
On the third day at Shiloh, by special order of General Grant, Hillyer led a brigade and charged the Confederate's position, which helped to change the tide of the battle in favor of the Union troops.
When General Grant was criticized by the press for the high casualties at Shiloh, Hillyer, in a letter to Grant's father, defended the general, maintaining that this was a falsehood spread by the fleeing green troops.
In March, 1865 he was brevetted brigadier general and in June served as the chairman of the Grand Reunion of the Army of the Tennessee.
After Rawlings' premature death, Hillyer and several others claimed that it was Rawlings' military insights that were responsible for winning the war.
In 1868 Hillyer was appointed a U.S. revenue agent by President Andrew Johnson until the position was abolished by Congress, after which he served as a lawyer for the Commissioners of Immigration.
Hillyer was nominated in 1871 as a candidate for president of the New York Board of Commissioners, for general appraiser of cargo and goods at the New York Customs House, and for naval officer, but Senator Roscoe Conkling opposed his nomination.
While he was bedridden at the Owen House during the last three weeks of his life President Grant was a daily visitor at his bedside.
A portion of the ranch with three of its historic buildings was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It is located about southeast of the junction of Lone Peak Drive and North Mountain Park Rd., northeast of Evergreen Highlands and west of High Dr., about southeast of Evergreen.
The Wales team of Ian Woosnam and David Llewellyn won after a sudden death playoff over the Scotland team of Sandy Lyle and Sam Torrance.
Wales won after a sudden death playoff, with a par from each of the two players in the team, on the second extra hole.
By the time the album was released in 1966, the Ikettes (Robbie Montgomery, Venetta Fields, and Jessie Smith) had left the Ike & Tina Turner Revue and became The Mirettes.
The harmonica playfully echoes the line peaches and cream, and the throaty ah, ah, ah at the top of the chorus is delivered with a raucous enthusiasm that shouts at you to get on the dance floor.
Vladimir Vasilievich Suslov (Russian: Владимир Васильевич Суслов; 13 July 1857, Moscow – August 1921, Khvalynsk) was a Russian architect, archaeologist, architectural historian and restorer.
From 1883 to 1887, on behalf of the Academy, he was engaged in preserving ancient monuments throughout the Russian North, in major cities as well as rural areas.
In 1886, for a project involving baths in the Pompeiian style, he was named an Academician of Architecture by the Russian Geographical Society.
In the years 1889 to 1891, he was mostly involved with restorative work; notably at the in Pereslavl-Zalessky and in the Mirozhsky Monastery.
From 1893 to 1900, he could be found at the Cathedral of St. Sophia, Novgorod, where he discovered hidden paintings and mosaics as well as the original throne.
His practical works included construction of the in Istanbul, commemorating soldiers killed in the Russo-Turkish War; a makeshift pavilion at the All-Russia Exhibition 1896; a church devoted to Seraphim of Sarov in , and several private cottages.
In the early part of the 20th century, he served in the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria, as an honorary member of the Council of Children's Shelters, in the Council of Professors at the Academy and as a member of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society as well as being the founder of the (OBXP).
After the Revolution, he served as head of the architectural section of the Monument Protection Department of the People's Commissariat of the RFSFR.
The trees growing in the tree museum should have been felled, but were rescued by Enea and replanted in the tree museum.
Hokkaido Aerospace Science and Technology Incubation Center ( HASTIC ) is a network of space development- related facilities and space-related university laboratories scattered throughout Hokkaido to create and start a new industry utilizing space development technology.
HASTIC is a private space organization whose main purpose is to contribute to the development of space development in Japan and foster the next generation of researchers and engineers.
HASTIC was established as a voluntary organization in June 2002, and was approved as a nonprofit organisation in January 2003 with offices in Kita-ku, Sapporo.
Domic obtained his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1978, with a dissertation in partial differential equations.
In 1985, Domic joined Digital Equipment Corporation where one of the EDA tools developed by Domic and his colleagues was CLEO, an automatic layout generator (from schematic) which was used to design blocks of several RISC processors at DEC.
Riot Games announced on 19 December 2019 that Talon Esports would be one of ten teams participating in the newly created Pacific Championship Series.
It has a restricted distribution, white flowers in spherical heads at the end of branches, green leaves arranged in opposite pairs and is endemic to Victoria, Australia.
The mid green leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along the branches and are narrowly egg-shaped to elliptic, long, wide, smooth and mostly paler on the underside.
The 4, 6 or 8 overlapping flower bracts are sessile, elliptic or egg-shaped, long, wide, thin, smooth, light green or yellow-green, occasionally a reddish colour.
The white flowers are bisexual, the floral tube long and smooth on the outside, hairy inside, the style longer than the floral tube.
Julie Paama-Pengally (born 1964) is a New Zealand tā moko artist, painter, commentator, and curator of Māori (Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāi Tūwhiwhia) descent.
It was in 2003 that Paama-Pengally graduated with a Masters of Māori Visual Arts degree with honours from Massey University, Palmerston North.
Prior to that she graduated with a diploma in teaching (1989), and a Master of Philosophy in third-world development (2003) also both from Massey University in Palmerston North.
Her early work was in graphic design and advertising, Paama-Pengally went into teaching and taught art at secondary schools and at tertiary level.
Paama-Pengally was the head of faculty between 2004 and 2007 of Te Toi Whakarei, Art and Visual Culture at Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi in Whakatane.
Dirkje (Sjoukje) Postma (Nij Beets, the Netherlands, 1951) is professor at the University of Groningen and the University Medical Center Groningen.
Postma and co-workers found out that genetic variants occurring in people suffering from allergies also occur in people suffering from asthma and those with a higher risk of myocardial infarctions.
The current Baron of Teynham, Lord John Christopher Roper-Curzon, his wife Lady Elizabeth Roper-Curzon, is the daughter of the 11th Earl of Dundee, and a direct descendant of Queen Mary of Scots.
Lady Elizabeth Roper-Curzon is also related to the British Royal Family, she is the cousin of Duchess Sarah Ferguson of York, and aunt to Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie.
The family is known for its peerage of UK and England found in Kent County which was started by Sir John Roper with the title of Baron Teynham.
Sir John Curzon and Sir Nathaniel Curzon), Barons Scarsdale (Alfred Nathaniel Holden Curzon and George Nathaniel Curzon), Marquesses Curzon (George Nathaniel Curzon) and Viscounts Scarsdale (Richard Nathaniel Curzon and Peter Ghislain Nathaniel Curzon).
John Roper and William Roper), writers such as Margaret Roper, lieutenants, knights, governors, Chancellors, lawyers, and members of the House of Lords.
In 1788, Henry Francis Roper-Curzon, the 14th Baron, used a Royal license instead of his patronymic to acquire the Curzon surname.
The reason why he decided to acquire the Curzon name is that he inherited his cousin’s estate at Water Perry by the name John Barnewall-Curzon.
Later, in 1813 he also utilized a Royal license to resume Roper, his original surname together with Curzon and hence making the name Roper-Curzon.
From the year 1946 to 1959, the nineteenth Baron was his great-great-grandson who served in the House of Lord as the Deputy Chairman.
Inheriting numerous estates in his history including Kedleston Estate, Kent Estates, Pylewell Park, Trimdon Estates, and Galway Estates, Chestfeild, Brambiltighe, Kingsdown, Dodington, Bexley, Woolwich, Kydbroke, Esthorne Manor, Well Hall, Kingsdowne, Saint Dunstans, Norton, East Greenwich, Modingham, Candelwick, Lee, Cheselherst, Bradford, Horne, Hyde and Charlton.
This is the place where the Roper family was recounted as a great antiquity household settled as manor Lords in Turndiche estates.
Sir Henry Roper in 1870s owned Galway estates with 181 acres while Mary Roper of Keightly owned 377 acres and 545 acres were owned by Lady Roper of Castlehill Lodge.
In 1759, Sir Nathaniel Curzon commissioned the present house and Palladian architects including Matthew Brettingham and James Paine to deign it.
However, Robert Adam significantly impressed Sir Nathaniel Curzon because of designing temple gardens to improve park landscape and hence became the main manager of the new construction.
The estate has a stunning sea aspect as well as rolling countryside sweeping views because it is set in 1500 acres, with a private beach, a private 15-acre lake and rambling house gardens of 27 acres where other family members of Roper-Curzon live in around thirty country houses.
Arms in quarterly, the Roper family had the second and Third of per fess Azure or an Insipid three heads of buck counterchanged and erased of the second.. On the other hand, the Curzon family had the first and fourth Argent on collared Gules or a Bend Sable three Popinjays.
He is related to Roper-Curzon through marriage because his daughter Margaret Moore married Lord William Roper the son of Lord John Roper.
After eight years of service, he became a second lieutenant in 1900 after being commissioned into Kent Yeomanry of the Royal East.
Additionally, the French Legion of Honour appointed as a Chevalier and later became a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Kent, where he lived in an estate called Lynsted Lodge close to Sittingbourne.
He also became Fanti Investment Company director and the chairman of Peacehaven Water Company, Peacehaven Estates Ltd and Glebofi Petroleum Company.
He was an English peer and Royal Navy officer and the 19th Baron Teynham and also served in House of Lords and later become Committee Chairman of Lord Merthyr and Deputy of Drogheda.
During the First World War, his active service earned him Distinguished Service Order and Distinguished Service Cross after serving as Staff Signal Officer in the Grand Fleet of HMS Minotaur.
During the Second World War, he was Naval Control Service Officer for the Port of London, after which he commanded ships, including HMS Ambitious (F169) on minesweeping duties for the invasion of Europe in 1944.
The 2020 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships was the 82nd annual NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 40th annual NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's collegiate cross country running in the United States.
Modified Air Combat Heroes is an action - racing video game, for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Kuju Ltd and published in 2007 by Sierra Entertainment, Inc.. Set in 2049, it is centered around unmanned combat aircraft for the purpose of saving lives.
Drip (Stylized as DRIP) is the debut single by South Korean girl group Hinapia, released on November 5, 2019, by OSR Entertainment as a digital single.
He held a teaching position at the Collège Saint-Quirin in Huy from 1877, and was ordained priest in Liège on 22 January 1878.
From the late 1880s he served in turn in the parishes of Huy, Modave, and Pepinster, while beginning to publish on historical topics.
On 24 February 1907 he was appointed an acting member of the Commission royale d'Histoire, and on 21 September 1912 a titular canon of Liège Cathedral.
The six teams competed in one pool, with the teams finishing 1st and 2nd place in the pool advancing to the World Group Play-offs.
The eighteen teams will compete across two different venues, with 10 nations taking part in Kuala Lumpur, and 8 nations taking part in Wellington.
The 2020 Collingwood Magpies Netball season will be the club's fourth year of senior competition in the Suncorp Super Netball league.
The Magpies will be coached by Rob Wright and co-captained for the second consecutive year by Geva Mentor and Madi Robinson.
The Magpies competed in two formal pre-season competitions, first in the 2019 Super Club competition in New Zealand and second in the 2020 #TeamGirls Cup tournament.
She has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide since July 2019, and is the first woman to be appointed bishop in the Province of South Australia.
Ferguson was born in New Zealand, and prior to entering ministry served as a staffer to the New Zealand Defence Force.
She commenced training for ministry at the age of 39, and began her ministry career in the Anglican Diocese of Wellington, where she was ordained as a lay reader in 1988 and as a deacon in 1999.
She later served as the Bishop's Chaplain for Ministry Discernment in the Diocese of Wellington, and her final position prior to relocating to Australia, Ferguson was the Canon Registrar for the Diocese of Waikato and Taranaki.
In 2014 Ferguson moved to Australia, where she worked in the Diocese of Brisbane as Rector of the Parish of East Redland as well as Archdeacon of Moreton.
Her responsibilities involve parish visiting and liturgical roles, as well as oversight of three areas of ministry across South Australia: multicultural diversity in ministry, healthcare chaplaincies – covering both hospital and social service based care contexts – and ministry formation.
The thirteen teams were split across the two venues, with 7 teams competing in Tallinn and the other 6 competing in Esch-sur-Alzette.
In Tallinn, the seven teams were split into two Pools of three and four teams with the teams finishing 1st and 2nd place in the pool competing in promotional playoffs for advancement to the World Group Play-offs.
In Esch-sur-Alzette, the nations were split into two pools of 3 teams, with the nations finishing first and second competing in promotional playoffs for advancement to the World Group Play-offs.
The nations finishing last in the each of the pools competed in relegation playoffs, with one nation from each venue relegated to Group II in 2021.
The 1st and 2nd placed teams of each pool will play-off to determine the nation advancing to Group I in 2021.
The Thames Cable Tunnel, also known as the Tilbury – Gravesend Cable Tunnel, is a tunnel carrying high-voltage electrical transmission lines beneath the lower River Thames between Tilbury and Gravesend.
Completed in 1970 at a cost of around £3 million (equivalent to £ million in ) by the Central Electricity Generating Board, the tunnel carries 400 kV transmission cables between substations at Tilbury and Kingsnorth as part of the National Grid.
The tunnel is approximately 45m deep, and was one of the first tunnels in the UK to be lined with pre-cast concrete segments rather than cast iron.
A tunnel was chosen due to the high costs of building an overhead transmission line at this point in the river.
It was developed in 2019 by 12 year old Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) patient Ella Casano whose treatment included an IV transfusion every six to eight weeks.
With the product, the child only sees a teddy bear; on the other side (made of mesh), medical staff get to monitor blood IV fluid movements.
The Medi Teddy set out to arrange $5,000 on a GoFundMe page but within less than a week raised over $20,000.
Darío Ramón Vivas Velasco (born 12 June 1950) is a Venezuelan politician who is currently a member of the 2017 National Constituent Assembly.
He also served as its first vice president twice (2010-11) and (2013-15) and as vice president of the Interparliamentary Union World Cup in 2015.
He was part as Director of Tours and Events for the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) until 2006, when the party was renamed to the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), where Vivas currently holds the same position of Director of tours and events.
He was a deputy to the National Assembly of Venezuela for two consecutive periods from 2010 to mid-2017, separating from his position to run for the next election.
On 9 August 2017, the United States Department of the Treasury placed sanctions on Vivas for his position in the 2017 Constituent Assembly of Venezuela.
The data is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at electronics and department stores, Internet sales (both physical and digital) and verifiable sales from concert venues in the United States.
When it was discovered in 1966 by Max Lustig, John K. Ruff and Charles B. Colburn at the Redstone Research Laboratories, they allowed phosphorus iododifluoride to react with mercury at room temperature.
The P-P bond in diphosphorus tetrafluoride is much stronger than the corresponding N-N bond in dinitrogen tetrafluoride which easily breaks into nitrogen difluoride.
Under ultraviolet light diphosphorus tetrafluoride reacts with alkynes connected to trifluoromethyl groups to add difluorophosphino (-PF) groups on each side of a double bond.
Diphosphorus tetrafluoride reacts with oxygen to yield diphosphorus tetrafluoride oxide, which has one oxygen atom inserted between the two phosphorus atoms.
Prior to the Defence Act of 2000, the Swedish government's starting point was that only two units were needed to meet the Swedish Armed Forces' future training of coastal artillery units.
Prior to the Defence Act, there were four coastal artillery regiments, Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 1st Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 1) in Vaxholm, Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 2nd Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 2) in Karlskrona, Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 3) on Gotland and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4) in Gothenburg.
The government considered that the coastal artillery regiment in Vaxholm would constitute the main unit of the Swedish Armed Forces' basic organization.
In view of the fact that Vaxholm had an existing infrastructure with a good proximity to the Stockholm archipelago with training areas, which was considered well-dimensioned for the terrain types the unit is expected to operate in.
The question of what the other unit that would remain as a support unit for Vaxholm was between the coastal artillery regiments in Karlskrona and Gothenburg.
In the overall assessment, it was considered that greater investments in both Gothenburg and Karlskrona would be required, as they both lacked the type of training areas that Vaxholm had.
Also the central location in Western Sweden, seen from a conscription travel perspective, contributed to the coastal artillery regiment in Gothenburg.
As a result, Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 1st Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 1) in Vaxholm and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4) in Gothenburg remained in the basic organization while Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 2nd Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 2) in Karlskrona and Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 3) on Gotland were disbanded.
With the Defence Act, the fixed coastal artillery was disbanded, and the remaining units instead became amphibious units where the two coastal artillery regiments were reorganized into amphibious regiments, which organized an amphibious brigade staff and three amphibious battalions.
Prior to the Defence Act of 2004, the government felt that only one platform for training amphibious units in the basic organization was needed where the government considered that the 1st Marine Regiment (Amf 1) in Vaxholm should be maintained.
Among other things, when referring to the government's bill 1999/2000:30, where the government highlighted Vaxholm as the main platform because of the good practice conditions in the Stockholm archipelago, and that the valuation that was then made was still valid.
However, in the future it was considered important to continue to train units that could perform and operate on the Swedish West Coast.
On 31 December 2004, the 4th Marine Regiment was disbanded, and from 1 January 2005, the regiment was transferred to a decommissioning organization until the disbandment was completed by 30 June 2006.
On 5 September 2005, the commanding officer of the 4th Marine Regiment handed its colour over to the commanding officer of the 1st Marine Regiment.
The regimental colour was presented to the then Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4) at the Artillery Yard in Stockholm by the Chief of the Navy Staff, Vice Admiral Peter Nordbeck on 17 June 1995.
At a simple ceremony on 5 September 2005 the commander of the 4th Marine Regiment, Colonel Stefan Gustafsson, handed the colour to the commander of the 1st Marine Regiment, Colonel Lars-Olof Corneliusson, who commanded the colour to be carried by the amphibious detachment in Gothenburg.
The medal ribbon is divided in blue, red and blue moiré with a yellow line in the middle of the blue fields.
The medal ribbon is of blue moiré with red edges followed by a white stripe and with a broad yellow stripe in the middle.
Adam Smith (born November 8, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for PAOK of the Greek Basket League and the BCL.
Smith emerged as the MVP for the 14th fixture of the Greek Basket League after an important 101-84 victory over Aris.
In academic publishing, the word backlog usually refers to the phenomenon that a journal has a number of accepted papers waiting to be published for a significant time.
The backlog is usually described in months; for instance, a certain journal could have a backlog of 12 months, which means that on average it takes one year for the journal to publish a paper that has been accepted.
This waiting time adds on top of the time between initial submission and acceptance of a paper, which can also vary.
Some journals have a backlog of more than a year, which is usually caused by the journal's editors' decision to accept more or longer papers than the journal publishes in a certain time interval.
The American Mathematical Society publishes a list of the backlog of mathematical journals each year in the November issue of the Notices.
If a journal has a heavy backlog, this might have the effect that the journal is less likely to accept papers in the future, or even reject all manuscript submissions temporarily.
Maartje Keuning (born 26 April 1998) is a Dutch water polo player for CN Sant Andreu and the Dutch national team.
She has been awarded lifelong membership of the British Psychology Society, the International Society for Music Education, and SEMPRE and honorary lifelong membership of Music Mark.
When she was 10, she joined the Leicestershire School's Music Service as an extra-curricular activity, moving to play in the senior orchestra at age 11.
During this time she also carried out a wide range of freelance work including becoming deputy leader of the Orchestra da Camera, and working in theaters and as a member of supporting bands for musicians such as Cilla Black, Gene Pitney, Lovelace Watkins, Frank Ifield and Tommy Steel.
Hallam began teaching the violin to individual pupils whilst still at the RAM and, on moving to Birmingham, in addition to her performing career, she continued her teaching for the Local education authority and local private schools, to individual and small groups of pupils.
In 1978, Hallam took up a full time teaching post with Sandwell Education Authority after completing her Certificate in Education at Birmingham Polytechnic whilst continuing her freelance playing.
In 1979, Hallam moved with her husband to Oxfordshire Local Authority as a full time peripatetic violin teacher, subsequently establishing the Thame Area Music School, becoming Area co-ordinator for East Oxfordshire, where she established an area string orchestra, and then became Head of Strings.
This was for a very brief period in September 1991 after which she became lecturer in Psychology of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs at the Institute of Education, London University.
In 1997, Hallam became Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Education, London University and in 2000 took up a Chair in Education at Oxford Brookes University.
She returned to the Institute of Education, London University in January 2001 as Reader to take responsibility for leading the lecturer training programme.
Subsequently this led to an interest in the quality of teaching in Higher Education and her recruitment to the Quality Assurance Agency as an auditor.
In 2003, she became Chair of Education and head of the Department of Lifelong Education and International Development, and in 2007 Dean of the Faculty of Policy and Society, a position that she held until her retirement in 2014.
Hallam has served as Chair of the Psychology of Education Section of the British Psychological Society three times, from 1999 to 2001, from 2004 to 2006, and from 2012 to 2013.
Her Ph.D. thesis uncovered the nature of instrumental practice from players at beginner standard to those at the highest professional level.
The second music psychology strand was instigated by a request from the BBC for guidance on how to assess the impact of the Mozart effect on live television.
This led to a wide range of research examining the effects of making music on cognitive, personal and social development in children and young people, with a particular focus on reviewing existing literature.
A publication containing advice on how to improve attendance in schools was funded by Gulbenkian, entitled ‘Here Today, Here, Tomorrow’ and was provided, free, to every school in the country.
Further contracts from the Government followed looking at behaviour and attendance in school and also work on ability grouping funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).
Representing the interface between school and home, homework became an area of interest revealing the extremely complex interactions within the home and between home and school.
He has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide, as the Bishop for Mission and Evangelism, since November 2011.
Harris has been involved in parish ministry since 1985, but moved to Adelaide in 1995, and spent 13 years as rector of St Matthew's Kensington and as Archdeacon for 18 months, before moving to Nelson, New Zealand, for three and a half years to serve as Dean of Bishopdale College, and later as Archdeacon for Theological Education and Ministry Formation in the Anglican Diocese of Nelson.
In 2011 Harris moved back to Adelaide to take up the appointment as Bishop and was consecrated on 20 November 2011.
The major focus of his role is on encouraging and developing ‘mission and evangelism’ within the Diocese, alongside some teaching at St Barnabas College.
At the end of 2018, the Foxtrot network took the sixth place among Ukrainian retail chains and 76th place in the rating of the largest Ukrainian companies.
Kongu Chera dynasty, or Cheras/Keralas of Kongu/Karur, or simply as the Chera/Kerala dynasty, were a medieval royal lineage in south India, initially ruling over western Tamil Nadu and central Kerala.
There are clear indications as to how different branches of the Chera family managed Karur (Vanchi), Muchiri (Vanchi), and Thondi in the early Tamil poems.
A later grant (695 AD) of king Vinayaditya II Satyasraya, with reference to the vassalage of the Kerala country, is now reckoned as a more dependable record.
By the beginning of early medieval period, Karur (in interior Tamil Nadu) had acquired much prominence with respect to the other two centers, Muchiri-Vanchi and Thondi (both in Kerala).
There was a domination of present-day Kerala regions of the old Chera country by the Kongu Cheras (probably via some form of viceregal rule).
Perhaps the Chera branch from present-day Kerala had crossed the Ghat Mountains to offer support to the Adigaman and after defeat they were pursued up to the Palghat Gap by the Pandya forces.
The western portions of the Chera country became an independent kingdom, the Chera/Perumal kingdom, with its own headquarters at Makotai (Muchiri/Vanchi).
The branch of Chera family survived in Kongu country, now Pandya vassals, are described in later inscriptions (9th-11th centuries) as members of Chandra-Aditya Kula (the Luni-Solar Race).
The two branches of the Chera family, the Kongu Cheras and the Chera/Perumals, supported by the Pandyas and the Cholas respectively, were rivals in this period.
It was initially assumed by K. A. N. Sastri and E. P. N. K. Pillai that the Vira Narayana had married a Chera/Perumal princess of Kerala.
When the Chola king Parantaka conquered the Pandyas in 910 AD, the Chera/Perumals might have allowed to have rule parts of Kongu country (the fate of the Kongu Chera country, then ruled by Kongu Cheras, upon the fall of Madurai is not known).
Pandya king Rajasimha II, who was defeated by Parantaka Chola, is known to have found asylum in Kerala (c. 920 AD).
Amara Bhujanga Deva, one of the princes defeated by Chola king Rajaraja (Tiruvalangadu Grant), was probably a Pandya or a Kongu Chera prince.
This royal was probably a Kongu-Chera of Chandra-Aditya Kula or a Pandya prince (son of a Pandya and a Kongu Chera princess).
Several stone and copper inscriptions of the Kongu Cheras, probably Chola vassals, dated by palaeography to 9th – 11th centuries AD, are found in places like Vellalur Namakkal, Pazhani, Perur, Dharmapuram, Erode and Tirukkannapuram.
The anai achu coin was current in western Tamil Nadu and to some extend in Kerala in the 12th-13th centuries AD.
She represented England and won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Protein structure reconstruction refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of a protein structure from incomplete coarse-grained representations like, for example, protein contact maps, positions of alpha carbon atoms only or backbone chain atoms only.
There are many computational tools for protein structure reconstruction that are usually focused on specific reconstruction tasks which include: backbone reconstruction from alpha carbons, side-chains reconstruction from backbone chain atoms, hydrogen atoms reconstruction from heavy atoms positions and recovery of protein structure from contact maps.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2014 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
As a member of parliament he earns about 10,000 a month; Komning was earning €36,000 a month extra at his law firm.
Jerry McPeak (born October 21, 1946) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 13th district from 2004 to 2016.
Albert Marshall (born on 29 December 1947 in Attard, Malta) is an author and director of plays in the Maltese language.
He was particularly active in the Maltese-Australian community, pushing for the promotion of the Maltese Language in Australia, given its sizeable expatriate population.
Marshall was offered a post of lecturer in Communication studies at the University of Malta, and returned to Malta in November, 1995.
He currently holds the position of Deputy Chairman of PBS Ltd, as well as the executive Chair of the Malta Arts Council.
Love Letter to the Earth is a 2012 book by Thích Nhất Hạnh, in which the author argues that we need to move beyond the concept of the environment as it leads people to experience themselves and Earth as two separate entities and to see the planet only in terms of what it can do for them.
from Banaras Hindu University, she did her Doctrate in classical music under the guidance of Prof. Chittaranjan Jyotishi of Gwalior Gharana.
She represented England and won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
His primary course of study was in mathematics which he was taught by Professor George H. Bryan, F.R.S., an English applied mathematician who was an authority on thermodynamics and aeronautics.
In 1911 he graduated with a second class honors degree in Pure Mathematics, following this with a first class honors degree in Applied Mathematics in 1912.
Father There Is Only One () is a 2019 Spanish comedy film directed and starring Santiago Segura, and scored by Roque Baños.
Each plays the others from its own group twice, home and away, for a total of 14 games each, over 14 game weeks.
Teams took place 1-4 of each group they qualify for Premier Group were the first two teams promoted to the First Division, and the rest for Standard Group were the last four teams relegated to the Third Division.
She was brought up in Aberaeron until she was 12 when she went to live on the family farm in Nihewyd.
The Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade was the first multilateral treaty for the suppression of the slave trade, signed at London on 20 December 1841 by the representatives of the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Russian Empire.
Austria, Great Britain, Prussia and Russia subsequently ratified the treaty, but Louis Philippe I, king of France, declined to do so.
Lewis Cass, the American ambassador to France, had protested to the French Foreign Minister, François Guizot, that the treaty would curtail national sovereignty by instituting an international right of search.
Rather than concede such a right, the United States in the 1842 Webster–Ashburton Treaty agreed to joint searches by British and American squadrons.
Cédric Énard (born 20 March 1976) is a former French volleyball player who is the current head coach of German League team Berlin Recycling Volleys and the Estonia men's national volleyball team.
Watcyn Samuel Jones (16 February 1877 – 17 October 1964) was a prominent Welsh agricultural administrator and principal of a theological college.
He also briefly attended Llanybydder Grammer school, before he was enrolled into the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen toward the end of 1894.
Whilst there he showed a keen interest in science and was the last stundent at the college to sit the sceince exam before studies were limited to matters of theology in 1895.
Due to his mothers illness his course he postponed his studies before eventually obtaining a degree from Bangor University in 1902.
He went on to study agriculture at Bangor, Aberystwyth and Oxford and gained a reputation as an authority on the anatomy of trees.
In 1937, aged 60 he resigned from the Ministry of Agriculture and accepted a job as the Principal of the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen.
Despite his lack of religious zeal Jones as well received at the college and made efforts to reform and expand the institution.
He played as a defender for Paykan and Aboumoslem in Azadegan League and Persian Gulf Pro League until the year 2014.
He was minister of Kinloch, in the Parish of Lochs, north of Loch Eireasort on the Isle of Lewis from 1927 to 1961.
In 1958 he was part of an important (and successful) delegation to the United States of America to lobby on behalf of the Harris Tweed Association to reduce import tax on imported woollen cloth.
Evan Davies (6 January 1801 – 23 February 1888), also known by his bardic name Myfyr Morganwg was a Welsh bard, druid and antiquarian.
Born in Pencoed, Glamorganshire, it is thought that Davies received no formal education; instead he spent his early years studying Welsh Bardic Rules and teaching himself mathematics, among other subjects.
In 1842 he rose to prominence when he and John Jones of Llangollen began openly debating the subject of temperance at a meeting in Llantrisant, Glamorganshire.
For about 25 years the practice of holding meetings at the hour of equinoxes and solstices became a Glamorgan tradition, and Davies published a number of books on druidism.
Much of his Neo druidic writings were nothing more than a continuation of the 18th-century revival and thus are built largely around writings produced in the 18th century and after by second-hand sources and theorists.
He has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide, as the Bishop for Aboriginal Ministry, since April 2015.
McLeod is the second Australian National Aboriginal Bishop, and is only the third Aboriginal person to be appointed as bishop in Australia (and the first in South Australia).
His mother and grandmother were part of the Stolen generation, and his mother was brought to Adelaide by a priest who had set up a number of places for Aboriginal people to come to.
He became only the third Indigenous person in Australia to become a bishop, after Arthur Malcolm who served in the Diocese of North Queensland from 1985 to 2000, and Jim Leftwich who served in the same diocese from 2001 to 2010.
She represented England and won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The Bonifacio Shrine, also known as the Kartilya ng Katipunan Park or Heroes Park, is a public park and plaza in Ermita, Manila, Philippines located just north of the Manila City Hall and south of Mehan Garden and Liwasang Bonifacio.
The Bonifacio and the Katipunan Revolution Monument, situated within the grounds of the Bonifacio Shrine, and designed by Filipino sculptor Eduardo Castrillo, was unveiled in 1998.
On September 21, 2006, the Victims of Martial law Memorial Wall was inaugurated at the park under the leadership of Mayor Lito Atienza.
In 2019, the plaza was rehabilitated upon the orders of Mayor Isko Moreno who ordered the removal of occupying vendors, additional flora, planting of Bermuda grass and a central fountain in front of the Bonifacio monument.
The city's continuous cleanup and removal of illegal vendors made visible the bronze monument commemorating Emilio Jacinto, which had been obscured for several years.
The boys' 7.5 km sprint biathlon competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 14 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
John Christopher Dancy (13 November 1920 – 28 December 2019) was an English headmaster, at Lancing College and Marlborough College, and academic.
The son of Dr. John Dancy of Richmond, Surrey, he was educated at Winchester College, and studied at New College, Oxford.
Dancy served in the British Army during World War II, first as a 2nd lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade in 1940.
He taught as an assistant master at Winchester College from 1948 to 1953, and became headmaster of Lancing College in 1953.
In 1969 came the introduction of girls to the Sixth Form, Marlborough being the first of the Headmasters' Conference institutions for boys (including most of the traditional British public schools) to take this step.
Rupert Scott Shipperley (born 21 November 1992) is a Welsh international field hockey player who plays as a midfielder or forward for Wales and Great Britain.
He played for Wales at Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast and 2019 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship, where they finished 6th.
Angela Yevgenyevna Tuvaeva (; born September 20, 1985, in Moscow, USSR) is a Russian curler, a , a 2006 European mixed bronze medallist and a six-time Russian women's champion (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007).
The case of the annulment of a marriage due to the mistaken virginity of the wife was the result of a court ruling.
On the 1st 2008, the high court of Lille (France) annulled a marriage on the grounds of « mistaken essential qualities of the spouse » in accordance with article 180 paragraph 2 [archive] of the French civil code.
According to the court, the woman was not a virgin even though she knew that this was a determining factor in the motivation and the consent to marriage of the husband.
At the end of 2008, a controversy ensued and several public figures, politicians, religious figures and intellectuals reacted to the decision.
Following these events, the Minister of Justice Rachida Dati asked the Ministère public, namely the Procureur général of Douai, to make an appeal against the wishes of the couple.
At around four in the morning, after the newlyweds had retired to their bedroom, the husband returned to the guests and angrily informed them that his wife was not a virgin.
It would therefore be an annulment on the grounds of ‘mistaken essential qualities of the spouse [...] which were determining factors in his consent’, in accordance with article 180 paragraph 2 of the French civil code concerning a ‘mistake regarding the person’.
On the 1st 2008, the high court of Lille announced the annulment of the marriage on the basis of article 180 of the civil code.
The woman’s acceptance of the request allowed it to be deduced that she had known that her virginity constituted, in the view of her husband, an essential quality with regards to the consent to the proposed marriage.
The judgement being provided by provisional enforcement, the parquet also summoned the parties in emergency interim proceedings, (including the civil official of Mons-en-Barœul) to request his judgment.
The court announced the end of the provisional enforcement of the annulment ruling, invoking the risk of an ‘irreparable prejudice, for both parties as well as for public order’.
One of the objectives is to prevent the risk of having to annul a second marriage which would be contracted after the annulment of the first one, the annulment decision susceptible to being reversed.
The woman’s lawyer, Mr Mauger, declared that he would request an annulment of the marriage, but for different reasons than those given in the previous instance.
The Court considered that the woman’s virginity had not been cited by the husband as a necessary condition of the marriage.
In fact, the husband indicated in his pleadings that the mistake was not about virginity but about the confidence he had in his wife, and that virginity was merely an expectation.
According to him, his wife’s lie caused a mistake with regards to the essential quality of the confidence he had in her.
Nevertheless, commenting on the possibility of virginity being an essential quality, the Court clarified that in any event, the wife’s virginity cannot be considered as an essential quality since it has no negative impact on married life.
The Court equally rejected the annulment application formulated by the wife, who alleged that her husband did not have ‘the willingness to accept, even the capacity to understand the obligation of respect between spouses’ because ‘the facts do not allow the characterisation of a mistake of the wife on essential qualities of the husband’.
The version of events given by the husband is known from the summary of his statement drawn up by the court: his future wife had been presented to him as single and chaste and it was only on the night of the marriage that she admitted a previous liaison.
Because of this lie, the trust necessary for a marital relationship seemed to him to be lacking, justifying the annulment of the marriage.
He notably exposed that the wife had had a long previous liaison, never mentioned before the marriage, and underlined again that it was above all due to this concealment that his client wished to be released from matrimonial ties - even if the lack of virginity had also played a role.
Mr Xavier Labbée underlined additionally that religion had nothing to do with the court’s decision, and that certain comments which have highlighted it without subtlety are ‘scandalous’ (his summons, however, refers to a ‘community where it is tradition that a wife remains a virgin until marriage); he explains additionally that an annulment has the advantage over a divorce since it helps the ex-wife to ‘start afresh’.
The future spouses had met two years before the marriage, during which time the woman did not have ‘the strength’ to explain to her fiancé that she was no longer a virgin; she had even considered an operation to reconstruct her hymen.
On their wedding night, her angry husband had announced the news to the guests, at four in the morning before immediately driving back to his parents’ house.
He then explained his decision to ‘accept the annulment’: it was not for him a ‘submission’ but a strategy allowing ‘technical escape’ of a procedure that risked being long, but in which he was convinced that his client would have been able to obtain justice if she had chosen to oppose her husband’s request.
Bah Bill Abuza Mamadou (born 8 September 2001), commonly known as Bill Mamadou, is a Singaporean footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Home United.
A teenager detonated the explosives in a mosque as worshippers arrived for fajr prayer in the large town in eastern Nigeria, killing 50 people.
Directed by Rick Basu the story is basically a horror one with an inclusion of a missing child in the quiet town of Kurseong.
Lê Thanh Điền (born May 4, 1967), known online as Thanh Điền guitar / Thanh Dien guitarist, is a born blind Vietnamese guitarist.
After his adoptive parents died, Thanh Dien now lives with his adoptive brother in Trung An commune, Cờ Đỏ district, Cần Thơ city.
When these videos were posted on YouTube, he was admired by most for his guitar playing technique that combines melody, solo and drum at the same time.
In 2019, four German-born Setanta players represented Europe Rovers / Germany in camogie and hurling in the 2019 World Championships in Waterford.
She was named after Royal S. Copeland, a United States Senator from New York from 1923 until 1938, was an academic, homeopathic physician, and politician.
Ethel Shanas (Chicago, September 6, 1914 – Evanston, January 20, 2005) was a well-known American scholar in the fields of Sociology of medicine and gerontology.
Shanas graduated in 1949 at the University of Chicago with a dissertation on the social aspects of aging, under the mentorship of Ernest Burgess and Robert J. Havighurst.
She worked at the University of Chicago until 1965, as a member of the university’s Committee on Human Development, a lecturer in Sociology and a staff member of the National Opinion Research Center.
In 1962, she expanded her study with the help of colleagues in Denmark and the United Kingdom, comparing the situation of the elderly in these two countries and in the United States.
First, while the general public in the surveys believed that old age and sickness were synonymous, most of the elderly did not consider themselves sick.
Second, although later surveys will conclude that the situation had changed, Shanas’ studies in the 1950s and 1960s observed that most of the elderly in the United States were not isolated but were supported by their children, grandchildren, and neighbors, and regarded themselves as fully integrated in their communities.
Shanas’ further comparative research extended to Europe showed that in the United Kingdom and Denmark social welfare structures were as, or more, important than the families in supporting the elderly, but this did not prevent cases of poverty, lack of health care, and isolation.
Numerous polls of support for political parties in Ireland were taken between the 2016 general election and the 2020 general election, which is due to be held on Saturday 8 February 2020.
A site at Melcombe Avenue was purchased in 2005, occupied by a former Christian Science Church, and the Maiden Street church was sold for development in 2006.
It was designed as a multi-use building, functioning also as a meeting space for community groups and a venue for performance and exhibitions.
Revised plans were then approved in April 2006, which included the removal of the intended third storey and a reduction of the height of the church.
The two-storey church has an octagonal roof and pyramid roof light, with a hipped roof over the rear section and a single-storey front porch.
Daniel Visbal Lara (born 7 November 1989), better known as Dann Visbal, is a Colombian musician, singer-songwriter, music producer and Entrepreneur.
Visbal was born in Barranquilla, Caribbean Coast of Colombia, on 7 November 1989, to Patricia Lara, physical therapist, and Fernando Visbal, Airplane Pilot.
Family with deep music roots, his grandfather, father and uncles were very recognized in the city because of the particular talent and huge spectacles they performed when they were young.
When Dann is five years old, his mother sees in him the same ancient inclination and decides he should take piano classes.
That Christmas he received a guitar and began to study by his own, he never though he was going to be a singer, but a friend who also sees in him this slightly specially, offers him to play at his school in front of the Berckley International School parents and alumni.
In the last year of high school and with only 17 years old, an old friend knowing and respecting his talent, proposes Dann to play with him in Los De Adentro, a very famous rock band in Colombia, he accepted and started playing with them.
Dann played for a year, going on tours and playing as support band for several famous artists such as Juanes, Shakira, Duran Duran, etc.
Being there, studied Music Production at the EMBA, to look forward his career, and for big chances of life, the doors started to open in the crafty country.
On 11 December, his band released their first VideoClip on YouTube, the song was called Away and got first places on most subscribed and most viewed (YouTube Awards) during the first month.
In 2017 he received a Latin Grammy Award nomination as Best Rock Song along with Rafa Bonilla y los que sobran.
He owns several companies, a hotel in Puerto Vallarta called Casa Ritual and a bar in Polanco, Mexico City, called Terraza Fortuna.
The Hukkeri Rural Electric Co-Operative Society Ltd is India's first electric co-operative society that was established on 21 July, 1969 under the provisions of the Karnataka Co-operative Societies Act, 1959.
The co-operative society possess license under Section 14 of the Electricity Act, 2003 to purchase, distribute and retail supply of electricity to its consumers.
The society also runs a unit which is involved in manufacturing of cement poles(alternative to iron poles) under the name of late prominent co-operative leader in North Karnataka, Appannagouda Patil.
It was shortlisted for a 2019 Neev Book Award in the category Junior Readers and a 2019 Crossword Book Award in the children’s books category.
His assignments included Commanding General of the United States Army Missile Command and deputy commanding general for research, development and acquisition at the United States Army Materiel Command .
Bishop Monkton Ings is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, situated east of Bishop Monkton village in North Yorkshire, England.
It consists mostly of marshy, calcareous grassland, with some broadleaved woodland, and some fen alongside the two watercourses which run through the site.
In 1807 the Ings, then measuring 4 acres, 1 rod, 6 poles and described as meadow, was put up for auction by the landowner William Wells.
The nearby Broad Close, measuring 1 acre, 2 rods and 17 poles and also described as meadow, may have been another part of the present SSSI site.
In 1883 the Ings was sold again, while in the tenancy of Mary Heath (born ca.1821), likely a relative of George Heath who was now farming in Hunslet, Leeds.
Access is via the muddy Ings Lane public footpath running east from Bishop Monkton village to the north-west corner of the site.
It has greater bird's foot trefoil, square stalked St John's wort, meadow vetchling, tufted vetch, ragged robin, great burnet, wild angelica and common valerian.
On the slightly raised and drier ground can be found a number of plants including wood avens, red campion and dog's mercury.
Annual light grazing is required, by cattle, ponies or hill sheep, to maintain a rich and varied diversity of herbs and other biota on the grassland.
The purpose of this is to prevent a build-up of tall grasses and dead vegetation, which in turn would inhibit diverse plant growth, and overshadow weaker plants.
Changes to drainage, and the use of fertiliser, herbicides and pesticides, are strongly discouraged because they would change the quality and diversity of the present plant and animal life.
The first unit was judged to be in favourable condition, with some hawthorn scrub clearance required, although this section passed the assessment due to a good diversity of species, and the grassland was in good condition.
No explanation is given for the mention in the assessment of ragwort, but it is possible that a balance had to be made between its situation as a controlled plant, with toxicity to cattle and ponies, and its advantages as a pollinator and ability to host certain insect larvae, such as that of the cinnabar moth.
In October 2016, this site was assessed for any potential damaging effect of mining for minerals, for a period up to 2030.
In 2016 the authorities were seeking more sites for sand and gravel quarries, besides the sites that were already being worked.
In 2018 a permit was granted for a poultry farm next to Bishop Monkton Ings, with the requirement that the poultry and the Ings be separated from one another by trees and a fence.
Other SSSIs in the Harrogate region are: Cow Myers, Farnham Mires, Hack Fall Wood, Hay-a-Park, Mar Field Fen, Quarry Moor, and Ripon Parks.
Born the youngest daughter of Huguenot Sébastien Bruneau her father was wealthy and moved to Paris when he became secretary to the King Henry IV.
While des Loges was a popular figure under Louis XIII she got caught up in the court intrigues around Gaston, Duke of Orléans.
She had two sons die in battle, one in 1620 at the Battle of Prague and the other in 1637 at the siege of Breda.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Tino and an associated convergence zone caused significant damage across 10 island nations in the South Pacific Ocean during January 2020.
First noted as a tropical disturbance during January 11, to the southwest of Honiara in the Solomon Islands, the system gradually developed over the next few days as it moved eastwards in between the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu prior to being named Tino as it approached Fiji during January 16.
Whilst losing latitude, the system continued to strengthen and peaked as a category 3 tropical cyclone on January 17, with signs of an eye forming.
Roads and crops were damaged in Tonga following Tino's passage on January 18 near peak strength, with the worst effects afflicting the island groups of Vavaʻu and Ha'apai.
During January 11, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) reported that Tropical Disturbance 04F had developed, about to the southwest of Honiara in the Solomon Islands.
At this time the system was poorly organised with deep atmospheric convection displaced, to the south of the system's broad low level circulation center.
The disturbance was also located to the north of a subtropical ridge of high pressure, within a favourable environment for further development, with a low to moderate amount of vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures of .
Over the next couple of days, the system slowly consolidated and gradually developed further, as it was steered eastwards by the ridge through Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands.
The system was subsquently classified as a tropical depression during January 15, while it was located about to the northeast of Port Vila in Vanuatu.
After the system had been classified as a tropical depression, the system continued to develop, with deep convection wrapping on to the systems low-level circulation center.
As a result of this and decreasing vertical wind shear, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the system.
As the system passed near Rotuma, the FMS reported that the depression had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and named it Tino.
Later that day the JTWC intiated advisories on the newly named tropical cyclone and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 08P, after its outflow improved with a point source positioning itself over the systems center.
During January 17, Tino passed to the east of Udu Point on the Fijian island of Vanua Levu, before it developed an eye as it moved south-eastwards to the east of Fiji's Lau Islands.
Later that day the FMS reported that Tino had become a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone and had peaked with 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
At around the same time, the JTWC reported that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 130 km/h (80 mph), which made Tino equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.
During January 18, as the system passed near or over several of Tonga's Ha'apai islands, Tino started to gradually weaken with dry air wrapping into the systems low level circulation center from the south.
Tino moved out of the tropics later that day, which prompted the FMS to pass the primary warning responsibility for Tino to New Zealand's MetService.
The JTWC then issued their final advisory on the system during January 19, before it was last noted during the next day, as MetService declared that Tino had become an extratropical low.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Tino directly impacted the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Tonga and Niue, while a convergence zone associated with the system impacted Samoa, American Samoa, Tuvalu and the Cook Islands.
During January 14, the FMS issued a tropical cyclone alert for Rotuma, as Tino's precursor tropical disturbance moved eastwards towards the Fijian dependency.
They warned that strong to gale force winds of between were expected in the island group, with heavy rain, squally thunderstorms and sea flooding of coastal areas during high tides.
During the next day as Tino moved closer to the territory, the FMS issued a gale warning was issued for the dependency.
At the height of the storm, the wharf in Oinafa was damaged by Tino's storm surge, necessitating a barge to transport passengers between ships and the island.
The proposal was considered by the Fiji Roads Authority (FRA), who later stated that the agency did not have any plans to relocate the wharf.
During January 14, the FMS issued a heavy rain alert for Vanua Levu, Viti Levu and the Yasawa and Mamanuca group of islands, as well as a tropical cyclone alert for Rotuma.
During that day, the rain alert was expanded to include the Lomaviti, Taveuni and the Northern Lau Islands, before a tropical cyclone alert was issued for the rest of Fiji.
During January 15, as the system moved eastwards a gale warning was issued for Rotuma, while strong wind warnings, heavy rain alerts and warnings were issued for the main islands of Fiji.
Over the next few days, the FMS gradually replaced the tropical cyclone alert, with gale and storm warnings for various islands in the archipelago, including Lakeba, Cicia and Tuvuca.
The FMS also issued flash flood warnings for the whole of Fiji's low lying areas, small streams and flood prone areas.
Fijians were advised by the Water Authority of Fiji to boil and store drinking water in anticipation of the approaching tropical cyclone.
At their greatest extent, 65 shelters were active in the division, housing approximately 2,612 evacuees; overall, 78 evacuation centres housed 3,115 displaced people across Fiji during Tino's passage.
In preparation of the storm, villagers in the Udu Point region of Vanua Levu were urged to move inland due to rough forecast seas.
Police officers were also dispatched to patrol urban and rural centres in the Western Division and keep people out of flood-prone areas.
The Fiji National University campus in Labasa and other businesses in the town closed on January 17, as did all schools in the Northern and Eastern divisions.
Debris picked up by the cyclone's winds damaged power lines and other electrical infrastructure in the Northern Division, leaving thousands of people without power.
A father and daughter went missing after attempting to cross a flooded creek due to heavy rainfall generated by the system in Serua Province.
Following the storm, the NDMO dispatched a team alongside other government officials to deliver relief supplies to the southern Lau Islands.
The New Zealand High Commission in Fiji and the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade provided FJ$254,000 (US$118,000) in assistance and took part in the NDMO's damage assessment and dissemination of relief supplies.
During January 16, the FMS issued a gale warning for Tuvalu as the convergence zone associated with Tino, was expected to impact the island with heavy rain, squally thunderstorms, rough to high seas, heavy swells and gale-force winds of .
As the storm made its passage, waves as high as combined with a king tide swept through the atoll’s low-lying land, causing catastrophic flooding.
Due to the atoll’s low-lying geography, lots of crops such as banana trees were uprooted and swept away by the storm.
Additionally, during the storm, Tuvalu’s Nukulaelae atoll received significant damage from the storm’s outer bands when it was in its earlier stages, delivering a high storm surge which swept through the entire atoll, causing flooding.
On January 16, the Tonga Meteorological Service activated its Fua'amotu Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre and issued a tropical cyclone alert for the whole of Tonga for Tino.
The warnings were spatially extensive due to the large convergence zone associated with the cyclone, in addition to the cyclone itself.
International flights were cancelled or delayed between January 17–18, affecting Air New Zealand flights connecting with Auckland and Air Fiji flights connecting with Nadi.
Tino passed through the Tonga archipelago on January 18 as a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone, threatening islands still recovering from Cyclone Gita in 2018.
Although Tino was forecast to make a direct hit on Tongatapu, the country’s main island, the storm’s eye passed just north of the island, with no more than just light showers affecting the island as much of the intense wind and rain were located in the northern section of the storm.
Still, the rough surf produced by the passing storm resulted in the second largest swell along the northwestern coast of Tongatapu in 25 years.
In the storm's aftermath, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape promised US$860,000 in relief aid for nearby countries affected by Tino, including Tonga.
During January 12, as Tino's precursor tropical disturbance developed near the Solomon Islands, the Solomon Islands Meteorological Service issued strong wind warnings for eastern provinces and a heavy rain warning for all provinces.
Over the next few days, the system produced heavy rain, in various parts of the two island nations as it gradually developed further.
Tino prompted the issuance of a pre-cyclone alert and later a level 1 cyclone alert for the French overseas department of Wallis and Futuna; this would remain in effect between January 17–20.
The archipelago suffered from torrential rainfall and storm surge as the storm passed nearby, with Futuna being affected not too long before Wallis; Wallis was the most heavily affected.
Although the cyclone was not forecast to strike Samoa directly, a convergence zone connected with Tino was expected to impact the archipelago with heavy rainfall, exacerbating an ongoing period of rains and prompting the issuance of a Heavy Rain Warning by the Samoa Meteorological Service on January 18.
The convergence zone and Tino's outer rainbands brought squally conditions to the Samoan Islands between January 18–19 as the cyclone passed to the south.
A peak wind of was measured at the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Pago Pago, American Samoa on January 17.
In the Manu'a island group of American Samoa, rough surf forced a sheltered ferry in Ofu into a dock, damaging both the ship and the dock.
During January 17, the FMS issued a gale warning for Niue as Tino and its convergence zone, were expected to directly impact the island later that day, with heavy rain, high seas, heavy swells and gale-force winds.
Waves also crashed on to cliff tops between high, while coastal areas on the eastern side of the island suffered damage to sea tracks and temporary huts.
A fresh hydronics farm situated on the island also sustained damage to its facility which housed vegetables, which it warned would drastically cut vegetable production.
The system posed no direct threat to the Cook Islands as it moved to the south of Niue, however, it was noted that Tino and its associated convergence zone would have an impact on the island nation.
In particular, it was noted that the system would produce a storm surge, high seas, squally thunderstorms, heavy rain and strong winds of between on the islands of Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Mangaia and Palmerston.
As a result, authorities urged residents to take precautionary measures, stay away from the beach and to be cautious of high tides, while they set up the national auditorium as an emergency evacuation centre.
All Visible Objects is the upcoming seventeenth studio album by American musician and singer-songwriter Moby, scheduled for release on March 6, 2020, on Little Idiot and Mute Records.
After a series of appearances to promote the book, Moby cancelled the remaining dates and from June 2019, largely avoided the public eye.
Moby announced that profits generated from the album will be given to charity, with each track raising funds for a different non-profit, animal rights, or human rights cause.
These are: Brighter Green, Mercy for Animals, Rainforest Action Network, Extinction Rebellion, the American Civil Liberties Union, Animal Equality, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, The Humane League, the International Anti-Poaching Foundation, The Good Food Institute, and the Indivisible Project.
In a press statement posted on his website, Moby summarised the eleven charities in a paragraph that also contained the title of the dedicated track within the text.
From 1986 to 1991 she studied music for the teaching profession at grammar schools (with piano and violoncello) as well as musicology with the subsidiary subjects and at the Hochschule für Musik and at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
From 1994 to 2004, Lodes was a research assistant, assistant and senior assistant at the Institute of Musicology at the University of Munich, and from 1998 to 2000 she was also a faculty representative of the academic mid-level faculty, receiving a three-year habilitation scholarship.
Andrew Western (born 18 March 1985) is a British Labour Party politician who has, since 2018, served as the Leader of Trafford Council.
He attended Altrincham Grammar School for Boys prior to studying at the University of Sheffield, graduating with a BA (Hons) degree with first class honours in History and Politics.
He was first elected to Trafford Council at the 2011 local elections, representing Priory ward which largely consists of Sale town centre.
The Labour Group on Tafford Council elected Western as its Deputy Leader in May 2014 and he later became Labour Group Leader, and Leader of the Opposition, in November 2014.
At the 2018 local government elections the Labour Party gained six seats from the Conservative Party, with the Tories suffering further losses to the Liberal Democrats and the Greens.
The Labour Party became the largest political group on Trafford Council, with the previously Tory-controlled authority being placed in a state of no overall control; Labour formed a minority-control administration governing the Council with the support of the Liberal Democrats in a confidence and supply arrangement.
At the 2019 local government elections the Labour Party made further gains, securing an additional six seats from the Conservative Party.
In March 2019 Western publicly opposed the plans by Mayor of Greater Manchester Andy Burnham to make cuts to Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service.
He serves as a school governor at Wellfield Infants School in Sale, and is a board member of Youth Mental Health Matters a charity established in Trafford to support young people with mental health issues.
Western has twice sought election to Parliament, being the Labour Party candidate in Altrincham and Sale West in the 2017 United Kingdom general election and 2019 general elections.
Heliorhodopsins also exhibit the reverse orientation in the membrane compared with the other rhodopsins, with the N-terminus facing the inside of the cell and the C-terminus outside the cell.
Despite the wide distribution, Heliorhodopsins are never present in true diderms, where there is a proper double membrane around the microorganism.
Crystal structures of Heliorhodopsins suggest they form a homodimer, contain a fenestration leading toward the retinal molecule and have a large extracellular loop facing the outside of the cell.
After starting to work when she was 13, she learnt about how women's trade unions offered women opportunities to defend their rights.
In 1924, she joined the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC) and attended a training course at the École Normale Sociale where over the next three years she learnt about church doctrine, labour law and trade unions with a view to entering the teaching profession (although she never did so).
In the late 1920s, she began to work as a shorthand-typist and in 1931 was elected to the board of the Union of Shorthand-Typists.
She served as a youth delegate for the CFTC, chairing a number of youth meetings until 1935 when she joined the board of the Employees Federation.
Her conclusions were used in a report she presented to the women's meeting before the CFTC's 16th congress when they were taken into consideration.
After the war, in 1946 she was once again elected as the Employees Federation's deputy general secretary and at the 14th congress of the CFTC in 1948, she became the organization's vice-president.
The al-Furqan Foundation for Media Production (, muasasat alfurqan lil'iintaj al'ilamii) is the primary media production house of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
It is the oldest media production house for the Islamic State, being founded in November 2006 to release media for the Islamic State of Iraq which produces CDs, DVDs, posters, pamphlets, and web-related propaganda products and official statements.
The earliest release indexed by the SITE Intelligence Group is on 21 November 2006, documenting the storming of a police station in the Iraqi town of Miqdadiyah.
In October 2007, the Long War Journal reported on United States Army raids targeting al-Furqan media cell members across Iraq, including in Mosul and Samarra.
On 29 April 2019 it produced the first public appearance of al-Baghdadi in almost five years mentioning recent events such as the loss of the last ISIL territory in Baghuz Fawqani, the Sri Lanka Easter bombings and the overthrow of Sudanese and Algerian presidents Omar al-Bashir and Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
Wade Rousselot (born April 13, 1959) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 12th district from 2004 to 2016.
A Nymph by a Stream is an oil painting of 1869–70 by Pierre-Auguste Renoir which is held in the collection of the National Gallery, London.
The painting portrays Renoir's 21-year-old model and lover, Lise Tréhot, who featured in over twenty of his paintings during the years 1866 to 1872.
Unusually, the painting is a combination of a classical depiction of a naiad or river nymph reclining by a stream and the recognisable portrait of an actual person.
A student was injured in an accidental shooting at Conalep 106, in Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, in March 2017, and there have been at least six since.
At 8:00 a.m. on January 10, 2020, a student of the Colegio Miguel de Cervantes arrived at the institution with two weapons in his backpack, an automatic .40 caliber and another .22 caliber, both owned by his grandfather.
Media outlets stated that the student attacked dressed in white T-shirt, suspenders and black pants, clothes similar to those worn by Eric Harris, one of the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999.
López Obrador's wife Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller also lamented the shooting and stated that the review of backpacks and childhood behavior should start at home.
The Governor of Coahuila Miguel Ángel Riquelme Solís said that after the shooting the Safe Backpack program would be mandatory in all private schools in the state.
The Secretary of the Interior Olga Sánchez Cordero called on the social networks Facebook and Twitter to remove the images of the shooting that circulated in them.
Once Governor Miguel Riquelme Solís's theory that the 11-year-old had committed the shooting because of a video game was rejected, investigators looked at the shooter's background and environment.
The boy's mother died in an operation a few years ago and his 37-year-old father was not present, so the child lived with paternal grandparents.
He had also owned six luxury vehicles in two years; one grandmother had owned three luxury vehicles and was also involved in large money transfers.
The grandfather has been arrested and charged with homicide by neglect in leaving his guns where a child could access them; he may be charged with money laundering and tax evasion.
The Coahuila state office of the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) has promised to renew the books used for teaching civics and ethics in the 2020-2021 school year.
Rodolfo González Valderrama, director of Radio, Television, and Cinematography (RTC) in Tamaulipas says the state will regulate and perhaps remove some videogames.
Classification will be the same as for movies: AA (children), A (family), B (minors under 18), B15 (adolescents), C (adults), and D (extreme).
On January 9, 2020, one day before the shooting in Torreon, the Supreme Court of Mexico announced they would review the 2017 injunction against the Safe Backpack program in Mexico City.
At the time, parents argued that children were frightened by the presence of police officers in their schools and that the program violated the right to privacy guaranteed by Article 14 of the Constitution of Mexico.
It meets the Wyeville Subdivision to the west in Wyeville, Wisconsin, and runs to Butler, Wisconsin in the east where it meets the Milwaukee Subdivision.
Amar Beganović (born 25 November 1999) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Bosnian Premier League club Sloboda Tuzla and the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team.
He started off his career in his hometown club Sloboda Tuzla in 2017, later becoming the club captain in June 2019 at the age of 19.
He was called up to the first team in the second part of the 2016–17 Bosnian Premier League season, making his debut against Metalleghe-BSI on 4 March 2017.
It took Beganović one more season to become a regular in the team, making only 8 league appearances in the 2017–18 season, but then 29 in the next one.
On 26 June 2019, Beganović was named new club captain at only the age of 19, becoming one of the youngest captains in Sloboda's history.
The girls' 6 km sprint biathlon competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 14 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
She was recognized in House & Garden’s Hall of Fame in 1930 and elected a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects in 1942.
Annette Hoyt was born in 1887 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to parents Frank M. Hoyt, a prominent attorney, and Hettie Pamelia Hoyt.
When she returned to the U.S. she joined Vitale, Brinckerhoff, and Geiffert, a landscape architecture firm in New York, and was responsible for design and planting supervision.
In 1932, the McCann Estate French Gardens won Flanders the Architectural League of New York’s Medal of Honor in Landscape Architecture.
She wrote for several publications, including House & Garden, Country Life in America, and House Beautiful, promoting simple, livable, and economical garden design.
Flanders was also the consultant garden editor for the Good Housekeeping magazine from 1933-1934, and published a series on suburban garden design.
In 1930, Flanders was recognized in House and Garden’s Hall of Fame, and in 1942 she was elected as a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects.
She obtained a degree in communications from Santa Clara University 2003 and earned her masters’ degree in divinity from Fuller Theological Seminary in 2007.
James was a minister for Menlo Park Presbyterian Church from 2007 to 2010, an interfaith chaplain for Endicott College from 2012 to 2015, and an associate pastor for Westminster Presbytarian Church from 2016 to 2017.
After a brief stint as a scientific assistant to Professor Torkel Opsahl, he served as a magistrate for two and a half years at the Nes tributary office and subsequently obtained his lawyer's license .
In 1996, he took office as head of the Independent Institute for Human Rights (IMR), which later became part of the University of Oslo.
In 1995 and 1996, he edited three volumes of Torkel Opsahl's subsequent manuscripts (State Power and Human Rights and Law and Equality).
In 1996 he edited the book Implementation of human rights in Norwegian law, and in 1998 freedom of life and belief in a human rights perspective.
In 2007–2008, he was head of the National Institute for Human Rights, which at that time was part of the Norwegian Center for Human Rights.
He is a frequent chronicler in Aftenposten and Dagbladet, contributes to various programs in NRK and is a widely used speaker.
He has been a member of the Biotechnology Board, the board of the Norwegian Association for International Law and the board of the Norwegian Red Cross.
Three years after graduation, Schroeder joined the University of Kansas School of Law faculty, where she was subsequently named the Paul E. Wilson Distinguished Professor.
In 1984, Schroeder was inducted into the University of Kansas Women's Hall of Fame by the KU Commission on the Status of Women.
In 2014, Schroeder was elected a fellow of the College of Labor and Employment Lawyers for her contributions to labor and employment law.
Due to the fact that Croatian Glagolitic is used for the Croatian recension of the Old Bulgarian language, some of the letters of the original Glagolitic are abandoned (Yer, Yus, Yery) and a new letter for it is Short I.
After Glagoliticism became the main script in Croatia in the 11th and 12th centuries, it experienced a boom in the 13th century due to favorable church and political factors.
The intensified literary activity in Croatia in the 13th century led to the formation of a special type of Glagolitic writing – a Uncial (statutory) Glagolitic script.
With the proliferation of the Gutenberg press gradually in the 16th century in printed Croatian books, the Glagolitic alphabet was replaced by the Latin alphabet.
This font is original Croatian, while the alphabet itself was created in Polychron and refined at the Preslav Literary School, most probably in the Ravna Monastery.
It is located on an irregular plot of land bounded by 115th and 116th Avenues to the north, 175th Street to the west, Merrick Boulevard to the southwest, Baisley Boulevard to the southeast, and the St. Albans Community Living Center to the east.
Because of the city's financial shortfalls, caused by the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis, the land was leased to the Southern Queens Park Association, which originally maintained the park.
Roy Wilkins Park was named for civil rights activist Roy Wilkins in 1982, and the recreational center opened on the site in 1986.
Its largest feature is an Olympic-size swimming pool, but the center also houses other programs and events, including a daytime summer camp, after-school activities, and counseling.
It is occupied by the Black Spectrum Theatre Company, which was founded in 1970 and is the largest African American theater company in Queens.
An African-American Hall of Fame is located outside the family center, and contains medallions of such figures as Ralph Bunche, a diplomat, and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female United States Representative.
Close to the southern corner of Roy Wilkins Park are two baseball fields, two tennis/handball courts, two basketball courts, and play equipment.
An additional six tennis/handball courts, four batting cages, four basketball courts, more play equipment, and restrooms are located on the eastern border of the park, directly to the north and facing Baisley Boulevard.
The northern part of Roy Wilkins Park, facing 175th Street to the west and 115th Avenue to the north, contains additional parking as well as two baseball fields.
A vegetable garden is also located within the park, and is among New York City's largest community gardens, with 400 plots.
The land was seized for the construction of St. Albans Naval Hospital in 1942, and the hospital started operating the next year.
After the Vietnam War, St. Albans Naval Hospital saw gradual personnel cuts, and it was ordered to be closed in 1973.
The United States Department of Agriculture wanted to use the site as a regional quarantine center, having searched for possible locations since 1964.
In 1974, it was announced that part of the hospital, comprising of the hospital's total, would be turned over to the General Services Administration and become a United States Department of Veterans Affairs facility.
At the time, all naval hospital patients had been relocated to other facilities, and the barracks were set to be demolished.
The Southern Queens Park Association (SQPA), composed of twelve community groups, was involved with the initial creation of the park, which was mainly the idea of the association's executive director Solomon Goodrich.
The association's chairman, former New York City deputy mayor Paul Gibson, made an agreement for the association to lease the land from the city, as long as the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation funded improvements.
Donald Manes, the Queens borough president, wrote a letter to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, advocating the construction of a park on the remaining portion of the St. Albans Naval Hospital site.
However, the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis meant that the city's government did not have funds to redevelop the property.
The New York Youth Board provided a $200,000 grant to clean up the park, which had been vandalized while the land had been in disputed during the previous four years, while another $400,000 was provided in community development funds.
The United States Army Corps of Engineers started clearing the unused barracks, and volunteers began cleaning up the park, though there was limited funding available to renovate the recreational facilities.
A flower and vegetable garden operated by senior citizens was established in the Southern Queens Park in 1980, and a jobs program for youth was also started.
The city started contributing funds once its fiscal crisis was resolved, and in 1980, entered into a public–private partnership with the SQPA to maintain the Southern Queens Park.
On June 29, 1982, the park was renamed after NAACP leader Roy Wilkins, a longtime Queens resident who had died the previous year.
Starting in the mid-1980s, the city spent $5 million on converting one of St. Albans Naval Hospital's buildings into the Roy Wilkins Family Center.
At the time, a further $12 to $15 million program of improvements in the park was delayed to the city's early-1990s fiscal crisis.
In 1988, Queens borough president Claire Shulman announced that the African American Hall of Fame would be founded at Roy Wilkins Park.
The first inductee was Wilkins, who was named to the Hall of Fame in 1989, followed by diplomat Ralph Bunche the next year.
By the early 1990s, Goodrich hoped to build a structure for the Hall of Fame, which might possible contain memorabilia of such prominent African-American residents of Queens, such as Louis Armstrong, Malcolm X, and Jackie Robinson.
In 1999, the U.S. Representative for the area, Gregory Meeks, requested $5 million for a Hall of Fame building, which he said would be the only one of its kind in the United States.
This request was made following president Bill Clinton's signing of the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Act the previous year.
According to the SPQA's website, the Hall of Fame building was not erected because funding priorities had shifted after the September 11 attacks in 2001.
By the early 1990s, Goodrich said that the park was a boon for South Jamaica, which at the time was majority-black and primarily lower-class.
The SQPA continued to make major renovations to the park, including adding baseball fields, soccer/football fields, tennis courts, and a gym.
Despite a radiothon that raised $40,000 for the park, security and maintenance funds were halved, and the park's free summer program for kids started charging $100 per child.
NYC Parks released a plan in 2017 to restore the stage for $450,000, as part of a participatory-budgeting process wherein residents voted on projects that needed the most funding.
Over the years, Roy Wilkins Park has held numerous events such as concerts; by 1999, the park's programs were drawing 100,000 visitors per year.
Festivals have included the Groovin in the Park Festival, an annual event with reggae and R&B music, as well as Jamaican Jerk Festival, a Caribbean cuisine and culture event.
Alvin Henry, an Olympic sprinter from Trinidad and Tobago, was accused in 2007 of at least two rapes in Roy Wilkins Park.
From 1973 to 1988, Monath was the director of the Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado, and from 1989 to 1992 chief of the Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID).
Young Award in 1984, the Richard M. Taylor Award in 1996, and the Walter Reed Medal in 2002 from the American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, where he was the president from 2004 to 2005.
Monath has published 435 papers and 6 books on the immunology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of arboviruses and also on vaccine development and is an inventor on 31 patents.
From 1992 to 2006, Monath was chief scientific officer and a director of Acambis, a public biotechnology company, From 2006 to 2014 Monath was chief medical officer of biotechnology companies (Hookipa Pharma, now a NASDAQ company), Juvaris Inc, Xcellerex Inc.
He is on the board of Juvaris Inc., US Biologics Inc, and Sentinext Plc and on the scientific advisory board of SutroVax Inc. and GeoVax Inc.
He also tried to take Aiken and fellow ESU students Peter Parker and Abby Levin with a group of Hydra storm troopers, Crown threatened to kill Parker unless Aiken came with him.
However, Hammerhead killed his love so Crown took a Hydra airship to his apartment building to get revenge on the gangsters.
He does not possess all the powers of a supernatural vampire, nor is he subject to all the traditional limitations and weaknesses thereof.
He possesses a variety of superhuman powers, some of which are similar to supernatural vampires within the Marvel Universe, such as superhuman strength and speed, as well as heightened senses including night vision and echolocation.
Due to his vampire-like condition, Hunger is forced to ingest fresh blood on a regular basis to sustain his life and vitality.
He does not possess any of the mystical vulnerabilities that supernatural vampires are subject to, such as garlic, holy water, crucifixes, or silver.
Yaël D. Eisenstat is an American national security specialist and strategist who now works on the intersection of ethics, technology and policy.
Eisenstat has worked as a Corporate Responsibility Strategist at ExxonMobil and is currently the head of Kilele Global, a global risk firm.
In 2018, she was the Global Head of Elections Integrity Operations at Facebook for political advertising, but left after 6 months when she was not empowered to make changes to the company's policies.
As a former CIA analyst and Foreign Service Officer, Eisenstat has worked in many different government agencies, specializing particularly on national security issues in the Middle East and Africa.
From 2004 to 2006, she was a Foreign Service Officer in Nairobi, Kenya, and became Senior Intelligence Officer at the National Counterterrorism Center from 2006 to 2009.
Eisenstat then spent two years working at ExxonMobil in Irving, Texas, as a corporate social responsibility strategist from 2013 to 2015.
Since the mid-2010s, Eisenstat has shifted her focus from overseas national security issues to ethics and social responsibility in technology companies.
She has been critical of some of Facebook's political paid advertising activities after she gained firsthand experience of the company's advertising operations.
Eisenstat had been working at Facebook since June 2018, but left after only 6 months because she was not empowered to lead the elections integrity efforts for political advertising.
Since 2019, she has been Policy Advisor for the Center for Humane Technology, as well as Visiting Fellow at Cornell Tech's Digital Life Initiative.
Yasin Salmani (born 27 February 2002) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sepahan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Bunkō (ぶん公, 1914 – February 3, 1938) was a Japanese mixed breed dog, famous for becoming the mascot of the Otaru city fire department.
He was saved as a puppy after being found crying in burnt-down ruins after a fire and lived in the Otaru fire station for most of his life, being looked after by the firefighters.
Bunkō would ride along with the firefighters during their dispatches, finding his role in helping to control the onlookers and in disentangling hoses.
To commemorate his achievements, a statue was unveiled in 2006, and picture books and other material for children have been written about his life and specific events within it.
Otaru has a long history as a port-town, and so during the Meiji period of the late 19th century it saw tremendous expansion as it became a focal point for the shipping of coal mined in Hokkaido to mainland Japan, and the unloading of supplies and personnel needed for the expansion into the interior of Hokkaido.
However, construction could not keep up with the demand for new houses, and there was an increase in wooden houses that could be built quickly.
This resulted in Otaru being highly susceptible to fires, with large conflagrations that would result in the majority of the city being impacted occurring with a frequency of once every 2 to 3 years.
Bunkō’s arrival as a public figure in Otaru came at a time when the city, having learned its lesson from the great fires, was in the process of trying to implement measures to safeguard the city, with stone houses being built and the establishment of a proper fire service.
In the spring of 1914, the fire service responded to a report of a fire and, after extinguishing the blaze, they found a crying puppy in the burnt-out ruins.
With no one claiming the puppy as their own, the firefighters took him back to the station to raise him there.
The puppy was a mixed-breed male with white fur and brown spots, who came to be known as Bunkō among the firefighters.
Bunkō was particularly attached to the head of the 5 fire division, a man called Kamiyama, who had been the one to save him originally.
He was well loved by the other firefighters, who all shared bits of their lunch with him to keep him fed.
Even after Kamiyama retired and left the fire service, Bunkō continued to live in the fire department, using a fire truck as his doghouse.
He was known to reply during the fire department’s morning roll call, barking after all the other firefighters’ numbers had been called out.
He was also able to distinguish between the sound of the telephone bell and the fire-alert bell, and in the case of a fire he would howl to alert the others that it was time for dispatch.
During the dispatch he would ride along on the side-step of the Chevrolet fire truck, never once falling off in all his dispatches.
At the scene of a fire, he would first grab the nozzle of the hose with his mouth and bring it to the person in charge of using it, and if the hose was to become tangled during the process of fighting the fire he would untangle that part so that the water could flow more easily.
In addition, he was particularly adept at crowd-control, and would patrol the cordon during a fire to keep back on lookers, barking at them to stop them coming too close to the fire.
It has also been said that Bunkō was able to take himself to the hospital to get treated if he was sick.
Bunkō’s feats were heard beyond the local area in Otaru, with newspapers and magazines carrying his story across Hokkaido and the rest of Japan.
During this same period the dog Hachikō had also become famous in Tokyo, and so he came to be called Otaru’s Hachikō by some.
Eventually, his age began to take its toll, and with his weakened legs and missing teeth making it impossible to grip a hose or move around to help out at the scene, he became more and more inactive.
It has been said that even in his weakened state, when he heard the alarm to signal a fire, he would stagger over to try to board the fire truck, moving those around to tears.
Bunkō passed away at noon on the 3 of February 1938, while being looked after by the members of the fire department.
The Buddhist priest of the local Ryūtokuji Temple was invited to read from scripture, and many mourners came to hear the ceremony and pay their respects.
To continue to spread the story of Bunkō’s achievements he was stuffed and preserved, being displayed for a time in the fire service’s main headquarters.
Afterwards, he was kept by Otaru Museum being displayed at the Otaru Museum and Otaru Canal Museum, with many fans coming from across Japan to see Bunkō’s taxidermy at the museum since the beginning of the 2010s.Bunkō’s memory has been long lasting, and picture books and other children’s literature has introduced his exploits.
The plan gained many supporters, and on the July 21 of the same year the statue was unveiled for the first time.
The bronze statue, at the Otaru City Tourist Information Center (Canal Plaza), depicts Bunkō sitting on a pedestal as he looks towards the warehouses running all the canal.
The pedestal’s height was decided on the basis that it should be the right height for children to come and touch the statue and take commemorative pictures with Bunkō.
On the plated photograph attached to the statue Bunkō is shown as he was at that time, riding on the sidestep of the Chevrolet fire truck.
The statue has been well regarded, and occasionally hand-knitted hats and scarfs, or caramel sweets are left as offerings at the statue.
And during the Christmas period the statue is dressed in a Santa Claus outfit, and many tourists come to take pictures with the statue.
In 2007, the Otaru company Ishii Printing unveiled four original characters under its in-house brand Otaru Shishōdō, one of which Otaru Un Gappa would go onto be the official mascot of the Otaru Tourism Board.
Along with the prize, the ceremony was held with a memorial concert on the 70 anniversary of Bunkō’s death on the 3 of February 2008.
An initial proposal in 2015 from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) envisioned two underground rail lines in Yangon along with a light rapid transit network.
In April 2019, JICA was announced to be providing assistance to the Burmese Ministry of Transport regarding the project, which was then confirmed to consist of elevated lines.
Following her graduation, Luisa moved to London, where she worked as a financial head-hunter for several years before becoming a full-time lifestyle influencer in 2017.
Citizens Within A State (Arabic: مواطنون ومواطنات في دولة, Mouwatinoun wa mouwatinat fi dawla or MMFD for short) is a Lebanese political party.
It was in his book published in 1999, that the Citizens within a State movement's founder Dr. Charbel Nahas discussed Lebanon's conflicts and financial problems.
The book is the first political and economic analysis of Lebanon's crisis and suggests a progressive system whose priority is to improve the living conditions for the country's citizens.
The party blames the government for abandoning its citizens to religious and public institutions and special economic commissions that are playing the roles of the public institutions and are free from control, accountability and monitoring .
According to Nahas, the laws issued after 1994 were a series of mistakes that led to the current corruption and made for the benefit of the political class and its cronies.
In 2014, the party's founder stated that the whole political system needs to be changed and the Taif Agreement was not a real reform.
Therefore the party took it upon itself to carry a greater responsibility than others and represent the whole lebanese society without discrimination and to formulate a societal project that will contribute to saving the societies of the region and not only the lebanese society.
The party stands on the point that sects cannot form a nation and that the political regime with its current formula is incapable of surviving economic and social hardships such as the 2019 financial crisis.
That can only be reached, according to the movement, through identifying the regime’s contradictions, anticipating these contradictions, and building the necessary knowledge and power to handle them.
Silver Landings is the upcoming seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Mandy Moore, set to be released on March 6, 2020, via Verve Forecast Records.
In July 2012, Moore announced that she would be collaborating with her then-husband, musician Ryan Adams, on her seventh studio album.
An eclipsing binary, its apparent magnitude has a maximum of 9.10, dimming to 9.66 during primary eclipse and 9.61 during secondary eclipse.
V752 Centauri is a contact binary of the W Ursae Majoris type, composed of two F-type stars with a combined spectral type of F7/G0(V).
With effective temperatures of 5,955 and 6,221 K, the system is classified as a W Ursae Majoris variable of subtype W, where the secondary star is hotter than the primary; for this reason, the primary eclipses are caused by the occultation of the secondary star.
The primary component has a mass of 1.31 times the solar mass, radius of 1.30 times the solar radius and a luminosity double that of the Sun.
It is estimated that the secondary star was initially the more massive star, with 1.76 times the solar mass, while the primary had an initial mass of 0.84 time the solar mass.
This third star is itself a spectroscopic binary with a period of 5.147 days, with a small companion that is probably an M-type red dwarf.
Most contact binary stars have one or more distant companions, and were possibly formed by angular momentum loss due to gravitational interactions with these companion stars.
The light curve analysis of V752 Centauri reveals that between 1970 and 2000, the orbital period of the eclipsing binary remained approximately constant, indicating there was no significant mass transfer.
Since then, the period has been increasing at a rate of 0.044 seconds per year, which is caused by mass transfer from the less massive star to the more massive one at a rate of 2.52  per year.
This period change and the beginning of the mass transfer phase were possibly caused by interactions with the companion binary star.
Chang Jung-sook (Korean: 장정숙, born 17 January 1952) is a South Korean politician and the current parliamentary leader of the New Alternatives.
In 2018, Chang declared to quit from the PP along with the other dissidents due to the disagreement of the party's decision to merge with the Bareun Party (BP).
She, along with Lee Sang-don and Park Joo-hyun, was planning to join the Party for Democracy and Peace (PDP) but unable to do so as PRs are not allowed to exit from their original parties; if they do so, their parliamentary membership will be automatically revoked.
The only way was to let the PP President Ahn Cheol-soo to expel 3 of them, which was rejected by him.
For the film, she was nominated for Best First Feature at the 35th Independent Spirit Awards and she won the Bingham Ray Breakthrough Director Award at the 2019 Gotham Independent Film Awards.
Lannan Eacott (born 14 December 1994), known by his online alias LazarBeam, is an Australian YouTuber, professional gamer and internet personality.
As of January 2020, his YouTube channel has reached over 12.3 million subscribers and 4.2 billion video views, ranking as the third most-subscribed and fourth most-viewed channel on the platform from Australia.
Eacott and Watkins celebrated the announcement by undertaking in a 12-hour live stream to raise money for the ongoing Australian bushfire relief effort, and raised $100,000 AUD.
Similarly, early that month, Eacott, Watkins, and the four other members of the YouTube content creator group known as The Click Crew, did a 36-hour charity stream for the bushfire relief efforts and raised over $300,000 AUD.
Joseph Serra (born August 8, 1940) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 33rd district since 1993.
He was born at Swainbost in Ness on the Isle of Lewis in 1900 the son of a crofting missionary of the Free Church of Scotland.
In 1922 he studied to be a civil servant at Skerry's College in Edinburgh, then began studies in Divinity at Edinburgh University before training as a minister at the Free church of Scotland College in Edinburgh.
He served as the Free church minister at Culnacarn on the Glenmoriston estate from 1930 to 1934 and gained a reputation as a fire and brimstone style preacher, focussed on the evils of sin.
Playing at New Boston High School in New Boston, Texas, Gladney was a three-star recruit and signed with Texas Christian University on February 5, 2015 after originally committing to the program on June 6, 2014.
During his junior season, Gladney made waves as a cover corner, earning first team all-Big 12 Conference by Pro Football Focus and second team all-Big 12 by the coaches.
Over his TCU career, he recorded five interceptions and was named to the 2020 Senior Bowl roster after his senior season as well as garnering first team all-Big 12 honors by the Associated Press.
St Mary's was built to replace an earlier place of worship which dated to the 15th century and was made up of a nave, chancel and north porch.
It was sited in an inconvenient location for many of the inhabitants and had become too small to serve the congregation as the parish's population increased.
Plans were made to build a new church at a more central location, approximately half a mile from the old building.
The requirement was for the chapel to accommodate 350 people and the cost of construction to be no more than £700.
The plans for the church were drawn up by Mr. Edmund Pearce of Canford Magna and it was built by Mr. Elias Dawe of South Perrott.
The opening and consecration of the church was carried out on 27 September 1833 by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
The Bishop appeared on behalf of the Bishop of Bristol, who was unable to attend and perform the consecration due to illness.
The church retains its original fittings, some of which were transferred from the old chapel, including the font, which has an octagonal bowl and a cylindrical pedestal.
In 1975, a stained glass window was installed in the east window, which depicts the farming background of many of the local community and includes a combine harvester and a tractor.
The list shows the country of the sponsoring organization, but awards are not necessarily limited to people or organizations based in that country.
The House di Febo Brigotti () is a Renaissance palace located on Via dei Corridori 44, in the Borgo rione of Rome.
Originally located in Borgo Nuovo 106-107, it was the residence of Febo Brigotti, a physician in the service of Pope Paul III (but according to Ludwig von Pastor of Pope Leo X) in the first half of the 16th century.
On Borgo Nuovo the house, which had been erected before the construction of Borgo Nuovo in 1499, bordered to the west the Palazzo Jacopo da Brescia.
It has green to slightly greyish, linear to narrowly elliptical leaves often with irregular teeth towards the tip and white to purple flowers in groups of one to four.
It is an upright, herbaceous subshrub with main stems of up to high, that are rough under the level of the leaves because of the remains of old leaves and stipules.
All above-ground parts are covered in short hairs that are pressed stifly against the surface, and fewer glandular hairs, except for the pistils, stamens, staminodes, petals, and the inside of the sepals.
The leaves are green to slightly greyish in colour, with a flat to V-shaped leaf blade that has a linear to narrowly elliptical outline, usually long (full range ), and wide (rarely up to ).
It gradually narrows into the petiole, has a short sharp tip, and the margin is entire or has irregular teeth near the tip.
The leaf stem is shorter than the leaf blade, long (rarely up to ), with a groove on the upper side.
The inflorescence stalks are (rarely up to ) long and each carry two or three, sometimes one or four, zygomorphic flowers on (rarely up to ) long flower stalks.
Each flower has 5 green to reddish-brown sepals that are merged into a tube at base about ¼ as long as the pedicel, are oval in outline, long and and with a pointy tip.
Two petals that are usually pointing upwards are long and wide, consisting of a teardrop-shaped part (or plate) at the top with darker markings, and a narrow basal part (or claw) with side extensions (or ears).
Each flower has 2 long, 2 medium and 1 short fertile stamens topped with anthers with yellow to orange pollen (best checked in the bud), and 5 infertile, glabrous and flattened staminodes, two of which are sometimes slightly bent backwards.
The storkbill-shaped fruit eventually splits into 5 mericarps each with a capsule long containing a single seed and tail of long.
Since the structure of the flowers of all these forms is identical, they have the same number of chromosomes, the extremes in leaf shape grade into each other and the distribution is not disjunct, J.J.A.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes.
Rowena Reed was born in Kansas City, Missouri, on July 6, 1900, as a child of three born to a doctor and housewife.
She pursued a Bachelor of arts degree in journalism from the University of Missouri and later studied sculpture at the Kansas City Art Institute.
In 1929, the duo moved to Pittsburgh to teach at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, where they co-founded the Institute's first industrial design education course.
By 1938, Reed and her husband were invited to the Pratt Institute by designer Donald Dohner to co-found Pratt's first industrial design education course.
As a result of her accomplishments in industrial design, she was named Chair of the program in 1962, which she remained in until 1966.
She was named after Andrew Turnbull, a Scottish physician who later served as a British Consul at Smyrna, then part of the Ottoman Empire, in what is now Turkey.
In 1768, he organized the largest attempt at British colonization in the New World by founding New Smyrna, Florida, named in honor of his wife's birthplace.
She was sold for scrapping, 31 January 1968, to Zidell Explorations, Inc.. She was removed from the fleet on 15 February 1968.
Aladdin tower () or Aladole tower () or Gunbad-i Ala al-Din ( - Dome of Aladdin) is a monumental tower over tomb of its patron built in Ilkhanid era in centre of Varamin, Iran.
Between the upper end of the flanges and the small groin arches above them runs an inscription band paralleling the zigzag shape of the flanges.
As with most tomb towers, the tomb tower of 'Ala ad-Din has a double-shell dome, canonical on the exterior and spherical on the inside, above the circular interior plan.
His research interests cut across the fields of African History, Inter-Group Relations and Border Studies, and he has published numerous articles in several top-tier, peer-reviewed journals in these areas.
With his studies on the Oodua Peoples' Congress among others, he has earned recognition as one of the leading authorities on ethnic militia across the world.
Born on 2 February 1959, Akinyele obtained his secondary (WASC) and higher secondary certificates (HSC) from the Nigerian Military School, Zaria and the Igbobi College, Lagos in 1977 and 1979 respectively.
Immediately afterwards, in January 1990, his alma mater engaged him as a Lecturer II in the Department of History, where he continues to serve having risen through the ranks to the point of his appointment as a full Professor on October 1, 2005.
Rufus Akinyele is the incumbent Head of the Department of History and Strategic Studies, University of Lagos, a position previously held by Prof. Olufunke Adeboye.
Rufus Akinyele has participated in and delivered scholarly papers in numerous academic conferences and workshops as well as at other non-academic fora within Nigeria and in several other countries including the United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya and Ghana.
Akinyele teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in African and European Historiography, African and European Political Thought, Colonialism, Ethnic Conflicts and Border Studies at the University of Lagos' Department of History and Strategic Studies.
In 2004, Akinyele held office as the Director of Centre for African Regional Integration and Border Studies (CARIBS) at the University of Lagos.
Rufus Akinyele is a member of the following academic professional organisations: American Studies Association of Nigeria, International Research Group (GDRI), France; National Association for Ethnic Studies, USA; African Borderlands Research Network (ABORNE); and the Congress of African Historians.
Auden Grogins (born February 5, 1962) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 129th district from 2009 to 2015.
He received national recognition after appearing as a contestant on season 13 of The Bachelorette before being eliminated during week 8 by Rachel Lindsay.
In December 2019, he was involved in a skiing accident in Switzerland, which required him to be air lifted from the Swiss Alps by Swiss Mountain Rescue.
Edmund William Crotty (June 28, 1931 Claremont, New Hampshire–October 10, 1999 Gainesville, Florida) was a non-career appointee should served Concurrent Appointments as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Grenada, and Barbados (Appointed: October 22, 1998, Presentation of Credentials: August 17, 1999, Termination of Mission: Died at Gainesville, Florida October 10, 1999).
He attended Dartmouth College on a full academic scholarship and continued his education at the University of Michigan Law School, also on scholarship.
From 1964 to 1974 he worked as a university assistant at the musicological institute of the university, and in 1972 he received his habilitation.
Dunnington for Kexby railway station served the village of Dunnington, North Yorkshire, England from 1913 to 1981 by the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of nine torpedoes.
In software engineering, blue-green deployment is an A/B testing method of installing changes to a web, app, or database server by swapping alternating production and staging servers.
For example, public requests may be routed to the blue server, making it the production server and the green server the staging server, which can only be accessed on a private network.
Changes are installed on the non-live server, which is then tested through the private network to verify the changes work as expected.
This rollback is achieved by simply routing traffic back to the previously live server which still does not have the deployed changes.
Because requests are routed instantly from one server to the other, there is ideally no period where requests will be unfulfilled.
In 2009, he became Claudio Vivas' assistant at Argentinos Juniors for six months, before joining Javier Torrente's staff at Libertad, Cerro Porteño, Newell's and Nacional, under the same role.
He remained at the club even after Vivas' departure, being Daniel Ahmed's assistant as the club lifted the 2014 Torneo Descentralizado.
Sacked the following 10 August after losing the 2015 Apertura, he returned to Cristal on 4 January 2016, being now first team manager.
He announced his departure from the club on 14 April of the following year, and was appointed at the helm of Defensa y Justicia on 5 June 2019.
East Bengal the Real Power (EBRP) is the first registered fan club in India, established in 15th November 2006, and supports an Indian club, East Bengal F.C.
East Bengal FC is one of the oldest and most successful football clubs in the country, which currently plays in I-League.
East Bengal FC has numerous fan clubs and among them, East Bengal Real Power is the biggest and most active one.
They started the centenary celebrations from the house of Suresh Chandra Chowdhury (one of the founders of the club) 23rd August, 2019 by lighting 100 candles and procession.
EBRP along with Bengal Heritage Foundation hoisted club flags in 50 Indian cities and 50 other cities around the globe, to commemorate the club's centenary.
She was named after Henry S. Sanford, a wealthy American diplomat and businessman from Connecticut who served as United States Minister to Belgium from 1861 to 1869.
Sanford is also known for founding the city of Sanford, Florida, and for successfully lobbying the United States into recognizing King Leopold II's claim to the Congo region region in central Africa.
She was sold for scrapping, 7 August 1970, to Zidell Explorations, Inc.. She was removed from the fleet on 21 September 1970.
The film is based on a story of healer Jan Mikolášek who used his skills and experiences to heal various people including poor or famous personas such as Czechoslovak president Antonín Zápotocký.
This list comprises all players who have played for FC Cincinnati which dates from the team's inaugural Major League Soccer season in 2019 to present.
Overseas players are exempt from counting towards this total if they have permanent residency rights in the U.S. (green card holder), other special dispensation such as refugee or asylum status, or qualify under the Homegrown International Rule.
Due to the success of the production, producer Cameron Mackintosh announced that an extra performance had been added on 2 December 2019 which would be broadcast live to cinemas across the UK, Republic of Ireland and the United States.
The all-star cast featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Michael Ball as Javert, Carrie Hope Fletcher as Fantine, Rob Houchen as Marius, Lily Kerhoas as Cosette, Bradley Jaden as Enjolras, Shan Ako as Éponine, Matt Lucas and Katy Secombe as the Thénardiers, and Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne and Bamatabois.
Jan Herbert Bruell (December 27, 1920 – January 21, 1997) was a Polish-born American psychologist and geneticist known for his work in behavioral and medical genetics.
He was a professor in the psychology department at the University of Texas at Austin from 1968 until his death in 1997.
Jan August Hiż (25 November 1743 – 22 December 1816) was a Polish military officer, major general of the Poland's Crown Army.
In 1764, Jan Wilhelm Hiż, as one of five members of the Hiż family, received nobility with the coat of arms of Jeż.
Jan August Hiż was married to Franciszka de Gerault and had five children: Elżbieta (who married Jan Fechner), Aleksander (tenant of Głębokie estate in the Radom poviat), Jan (military officer), Karol (military officer) and Józef (military officer and topographer).
Robert Edward Adamson, Jr. (December 28, 1920 – July 30, 2004), was a decorated commander in the United States Navy that served during World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam War and reached the rank of vice admiral.
After graduating, Adamson's next assignment was as an Operations Officer and Physicist with Joint Task Force Three (Preparation for Operation Greenhouse) under Task Group 31.1 at Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Adamson was with Task Group 31.1 from July 1950 until July 1951, for his service there he was awarded the Air Fore Commendation Medal.
After finishing his training, Adamson was assigned to the Livermore Branch, Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, Livermore, California, and stayed there until July 1961.
When finished, he took his next position as commander of the and in January 1962 became the commander of the .
Adamson served as Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans to Commander Cruiser-Destroyer Force, Pacific Fleet, and in December 1965 assumed command of .
In February 1967 he became the head of the General Purpose Objective Forces Section, Strategic Plans Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Navy Department and in September 1967 became Deputy Commander Naval Ship Systems Command for Maintenance and Logistic Support, Washington, DC.
In December 1969 he took command of the US Naval Support Activity, Danang, Republic of Vietnam and later in July 1970 became Commander Naval Support Activity, Saigon, Republic of Vietnam.
For his service as commander of US Naval Support Activity in Danang and Saigon, Adamson was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.
In January 1971 Adamson was assigned brief duty in the Bureau of Naval Personnel, and in March 1971, assumed command of the South Atlantic Force, US Atlantic Fleet.
For his service as command of the South Atlantic Force, RADM Adamson was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of the Second Legion of Merit.
In June 1972 he became Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Surface Warfare), Navy Department and in June 1974 was ordered detached for duty as Special Assistant to the Commander in Chief, US Atlantic Fleet.
In January 1975, Adamson took command of the amphibious force, the cruiser-destroyer force, the service force and the mine warfare force were merged into the Naval Surface Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (SURFLANT).
She was president of the National Executive Committee of the Broad Front and a deputy for that party, as well as a member of its Political Commission and the Organizing Committee.
She was married to José Merino del Río (leader of the Costa Rican left) from 1977 until his death in 2012, and is the daughter of Communist leader .
She is the niece of Manuel Mora, founder of the country's Communist Party and one of the fathers of the Social Guarantees of the 1940s.
She was a member of the People's Vanguard, Democratic Force, and People's Party, and participated in social struggles against , against the , and against the free trade agreement with the United States.
She was a founding member of the Broad Front alongside her husband, and was its representative before the Foro de São Paulo as a member of its Political Commission and the Executive Committee.
The case of alleged influence peddling would involve members of the three Supreme Powers (deputies, the Supreme Court of Justice, and the Presidency).
On 8 May 2018, President Carlos Alvarado Quesada named Mora the country's Minister of Women's Affairs as head of the (INAMU).
Major George Warren Dresser (September 15, 1837 – May 27, 1883) was an American soldier and civil engineer who was prominent in New York and Newport society.
He was a son of attorney George Andrew Dresser (1814–1891) and Hannah W. (née Brown) Dresser (1814–1855), who married in August 1835.
Among his siblings were Charles Andrew Dresser, William Clark Dresser, Jacqueline Dresser, Mary L. (née Dresser) Randall, and Frances (née Dresser) Smith.
On May 6, 1861, immediately after his graduation from the Military Academy, Dresser was commissioned Second lieutenant of the 4th U.S.
During the Civil War, he entered the Manassas campaign as first lieutenant and was involved in the Battle of Bull Run and in the defense of Washington.
For two months, he was acting Ordnance Officer of the Third Army Corps and from September 1862 until August 1862, he was Assistant Instructor of Artillery Tactics at West Point.
Later in 1862, he was assigned to engineer duty and the command of his company, the 4th Regiment of Artillery, at Chattanooga, Tennessee.
He also served as resident engineer of the Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad, chief engineer of the Wickford Branch Railroad, and assistant engineer in the New York Department of Public Works.
Susan, a daughter of Daniel LeRoy and Susan Elizabeth (née Fish) LeRoy, was the niece of Hamilton Fish, a former U.S. Secretary of State, U.S.
Senator, and New York Governor, and the granddaughter of Nicholas Fish, the Adjutant General of New York and a close friend of Alexander Hamilton.
Through his daughter Edith, he was posthumously a grandfather of Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt (1900–1976), who married John Francis Amherst Cecil, son of Lord William Cecil and Mary Tyssen-Amherst, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney..
The larvae make a short upper-surface gallery following a leaf margin which widens, so that within the confined limits of some umbelliferous leaves often forms a secondary blotch.
Mines and larvae can be found throughout the winter, the first generation from April to July although larvae can be found feeding through most of the year.
The 2020 Spain Masters (officially known as the Barcelona Spain Masters 2020) is a badminton tournament which will take place at the Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona, Spain, from 18 to 23 February 2020 with a total prize purse of $170,000.
The 2020 Spain Masters is the fourth tournament of the 2020 BWF World Tour and also part of the Spain Masters championships, which have been held since 2018.
Below is the point distribution for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF World Tour Super 300 event.
Glenn L. Dimmick (born 1905 in Macon, MO) was an engineer responsible for many seminal contributions in sound motion picture recording.
He worked primarily at RCA where he developed solutions in the areas of focus infrared technology, monochrome and color television, telephony, and high-vacuum evaporation.
Witchtrap (also known as The Presence) is a 1989 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Kevin S. Tenney and starring James W. Quinn, Kathleen Bailey, and Linnea Quigley.
The film follows a team of parapsychologists who attempt to exorcise a haunted inn with the help of a device designed to lure in and trap evil spirits.
H.C. Hart was an American drum major in the 71st New York Infantry during the American Civil War and an influential fife and drum manual author.
Near the beginning of the Civil War (dates differ among sources) he was hired by Quartermaster George W. Rosevelt of the 71st Regiment of the New York State Militia to form a regimental band.
In Connecticut, he hired Henry Chatfield, who he made leader and instructor, and fifers Hezekiah and Leslie Todd from the Wolcott Drum Band along with several other drummers and fifers.
Despite the strange look of the notation, the book was well received by contemporary critics and colleagues, and continued to be used by the Wolcott Drum Band and the Moodus Fife and Drum Corps after the war.
Hart's Instructor also contained standard instruction for the fife, bugle, and uniquely for its era, bass drum, plus a number of popular tunes outside of the pure camp duty calls.
The book was notable for its wide range of drum rudiments, some of which were unique to Hart, and its attention to the details necessary for complete beginners and students of otherwise low initial skill level.
The Greens played most of their games on the road but that didn't stop them from posting their first winning record.
Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.
Das Stundenglas (English: The Hourglass) is a German text adventure game published in 1990 by Software 2000 and developed by , and released for Amiga, Atari ST and DOS.
The trilogy lacks an overarching plot, and in each entry the setting, role of the protagonist, and goal differ between each game.
The game begins with the protagonist being chased by a group of bandits while in the ruins of a small town, but they escape into an abandoned toy store.
The eponymous hourglass is missing along with half of the town's residents, and the protagonist must find twelve coins in order to bring everything and everyone back, and fix the mistakes of the present post-apocalyptic world through actions in the past.
The protagonist must find two wizards who possess special sand; the sand belongs to the hourglass, which controls the flow of time in the world.
Before his death, Glanfoss discovered that a counterpart to the chest existed; this chest was used by the protagonist in the year 2012.
Glanfoss collected all the information he had regarding the chest, and sent it to where the second chest was presumed to be; this information was retrieved by the protagonist when they found the chest.
The Panthers, led by 2nd-year head coach Jeremy Ballard, play their home games at Ocean Bank Convocation Center in Miami, Florida as members of Conference USA.
They were invited to the CIT, where they defeated Texas State in the first round before falling to Green Bay in the second round.
The 2020 Pro Golf Tour is the 24th season of the Pro Golf Tour, one of four third-tier tours recognised by the European Tour.
In 1963, he returned to Paris and enrolled at the French National Centre for Scientific Research to complete his doctoral degree under the direction of Martial Gueroult.
She was the first woman licensed to practice architecture in Virginia, although other female architects such as Ethel Furman had previously been active in the state.
She received a bachelor's degree in mathematics at Randolph-Macon Women's College in 1929, and expressed a desire to study architecture at the University of Virginia, as had her brother.
As women were denied entry into the University's graduate programs, at the time, she applied instead to the School of Architecture at Cornell University, from which she graduated in 1933.
Returning to Portsmouth, she took a position with the firm of Rudolph, Cooke, and Van Leeuwen in Norfolk; unsalaried for two years, she nevertheless gained a great deal of experience, working on a team that designed numerous civic buildings including the city's federal courthouse.
In 1935 she was one of three out of a class of five to pass the licensing exam offered by the Virginia Examining Board, following which she opened a practice of her own in the city of her birth.
The birth of her first child led her to restrict her work to residential and ecclesiastical projects; even so she kept her license until 1990, and was developing architectural drawings until after she turned 80.
Buildings designed by Channel were erected throughout southeastern Virginia, including in Greenbrier, Blackstone, and Portsmouth; she also designed additions and extensions to Portsmouth's St. John's Church and Abigarlos, among other structures.
A collection of papers related to her career, including drawings and sketches for around 160 projects, was donated to the Special Collections Library at Virginia Tech in 2007, where it forms part of the collection of the International Archive of Women in Architecture.
This number is regularly met in the summer months by the many tourists from the tourist towns of Rimini and Riccione, who often come here through travel organizations.
Also striking is the swimming pool that was built in the disco; however, this cannot be used when visiting the club.
The music played mainly consists of house, but the club has a number of places where other music styles are played.
It would have sought to avoid the re-election of Juan Guaidó on 5 January 2020 as President of the Assembly, by obtaining the support of opposing legislators in exchange for millions of dollars.
Legislators would have been asked to vote against Guaidó, or to not attend the election and thereby break the necessary quorum.
On 1 December, the website Armando.info published an investigation reporting that nine parliamentaries mediated in favor of two businessmen linked with the government.
According to her, the government resorted to this method after failing to incarcerate or suspend the parliamentary immunity of the deputies, denouncing a considerable increase of political persecution as the 5 January National Assembly Delegated Committee election approached, explaining that security forces had gone to the houses of many deputies without alternates, and, according to Solórzano, bribed the one deputy with an alternate.
Venezuelan lawmakers and the US State Department said that opposition deputies, in parties led or allied with Guaidó, were being offered up to US$1 million to not vote for him.
Deputies Ismael León and Luis Stefanelli directly accused Parra in December 2019 of attempting to bribe deputies to vote against Guaidó.
On December 20, the National Assembly indicated that the legislators involved were the principal deputies José Gregorio Noriega, Luis Parra, José Brito, Adolfo Superlano and Conrado Pérez, and the deputies Leandro Domínguez and Jesús Gabriel Peña, a former member of Democratic Action.
Deputy Arkiely Perfect was expelled from Democracy and Inclusion Movement for allegedly receiving bribes, as denounced by party head Nicmer Evans.
Other deputies implicated in bribery are José Antonio España and José Gregorio Aparicio, both members of the parliamentary section of Superlano, and Domínguez, an independent for Renewal and Change.
A partial reform of the Rules of Interior and Debates of the National Assembly had been approved on 17 December but was annulled by the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ).
On 3 January 2020, Nicmer Evans, a Caracas-based analyst, alleged that Maduro had managed to cause 14 deputies to not cast a vote for Guaidó through these tactics.
Adolfo Superlano rejected the accusations, stating that they were being accused for saying that they were not going to re-elect Guaidó.
In a press conference held on 20 December, José Gregorio Noriega rejected the expulsion of his Popular Will party, stating that the allegations of corruption against him are false and criticizing the behavior of other party members.
Through a press release, Popular Will said that Noriega was excpelled from their ranks for refusing to respond to allegations of corruption.
Those sanctioned have had their US assets frozen and have been banned from doing business with US financial markets and US citizens.
The list includes the members of Parra's appointed board of directors and his supporters: Franklyn Duarte, José Gregorio Noriega, Negal Morales, José Brito, Conrado Pérez and Adolfo Superlano, and Luis Parra himself.
After the correspondent of the digital outlet Crónica Uno Mónica Salazar did a public denouncement, on 30 January the National Journalists Association confirmed bribe attempts to journalists with large sums of money to publicly express support to Parra and his directive board.
Anne de Seguier was the daughter of Pierre Seguier (d. 1559), Lord of Verrières and the lieutenant-criminal of the Grand Châtelet in Paris and his wife Catherine Pinot.
They had three children, Antoine du Prat who married Chrétienne de Sayve, Anne and Philippine, who were educated in the court of Henry III.
de Seguier was considered a notable poet who wrote her work as a dialogue between Virtue, Honour, Pleasure, Fortune, and Death.
Mourad Daoudi El Ghezouani (born 27 May 1998), simply known as Mourad, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Spanish club Elche CF Ilicitano as a forward.
He made his senior debut with the C-team on 5 February of the following year, playing the last 14 minutes in a 1–0 Tercera División away win against CE Almassora.
Mourad made his first team debut for Elche on 15 December 2019, coming on as a late substitute for Josan in a 2–3 home loss against UD Las Palmas for the Segunda División championship.
Gunner F. J. Mears (1890-1929) was a British soldier of World War I, and subsequently a successful artist, painting war scenes, before his early death.
He saw action at the Somme and the Ypres Salient, and was medically discharged in 1917, after being subjected to a poison gas attack.
With the encouragement of his wife, and despite having no formal art training, he painted a number of scenes of battlefields at night, featuring silhouetted soldiers.
That picture was advertised for sale in the window of a shop on Piccadilly and was bought by Dame Katharine Furse, who had led the British Red Cross' Voluntary Aid Detachment force during the war.
In May 1920 an exhibition of his work, at the George C. Clackner Gallery at 20, Old Bond Street, London, included 30 paintings.
Their buyers included Lieutenant General Hubert Gough, who had commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918, Major-General John Ponsonby (Gough's successor), the American actress and singer Elsie Janis, John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley, Gwendolen Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, and Nancy, Lady Astor.
Mears died in 1929, at the age of 38 or 39, due to the effects of the gas he had inhaled during the war.
Mears' works are in public collections, including several at the Imperial War Museums, and eight in the World War History & Art Museum (formerly of Alliance, Ohio and now a touring collection).
Gianfranco Gazzaniga Farías (born 22 November 1993) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Spanish club SD Ponferradina as a goalkeeper.
Born in Sucre as his father was representing Deportivo Cuenca, Gazzaniga moved to Spain in 2007, joining UD Almería's youth setup.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 9 October 2011, starting in a 2–1 Segunda División B away win against CD Badajoz.
Gazzaniga subsequently became a regular starter for Almería's B-side before leaving the club on 21 June 2017 and signing for fellow third division side CD El Ejido.
Initially a third-choice behind José Antonio Caro and Manu García, he made his professional debut on 14 January 2020 by starting in a 0–1 away loss against Málaga CF.
Gazzaniga comes from a family of goalkeepers: his father Daniel played professionally in Argentina, Ecuador and Bolivia, while his older brother Paulo built his career in England.
Margaret Gatz is a professor of psychology, gerontology and preventive medicine at the University of Southern California's Leonard Davis School of Gerontology.
It was from 1923 operated under the name Kongens Bryghus and the site was decommissioned when De Forenede Bryggerier was acquired by Carlsberg Group in 1969.
The buildings—a group of red brick buildings from 1860-61 by Jens Eckersberg and a tall, round silo from 1857 designed by Tyge Hvass—have now been converted into apartments.
The brewery was established in 1860 by Peter August Vogelius with Jørgen Christian Hauberg as a silent partner under the name A. Vogelius 's Bryggeri (A. Vogelius 's brewery).
He had worked for six years at Carlsberg Brewery and most recently from 1857 leased Jacobsen's small beer brewery at Brolæggerstræde 5 but the buildings were too small and outdated to compete with Rabeshave and Tvedes Bryggeri which had opened outside the city.
Vogelius remained one of the owners but the day-to-day management was left in the hands of a brewer from Svanholm Brewery.
He was succeeded by William Haurowitz, who came from a position as managing director of the largest brewery in Trondheim, Norway.
The other breweries were Kongens Bryghus and Marstrands Bryggerier, Tvedes Bryggeri on Vesterbrogade, Alliance in Valby, Bryggeriet Kastrup on Amager and the three Frederiksberg breweries Svanholm, Ny Bryghus and Frederiksberg Bryggeri.
Rahbeks Allé and Kroneølbryggeriet was from 1923 operated under the name Kongens Brughus but was still part of De Forenede Bryggerier.
He was a prebendary of Waterford Cathedral from 1663 to 1678; and Dean of Waterford from 1678 to 1684: he was also Vicar general of the Diocese.
On 12 May 1647, he was consecrated bishop by Federico Sforza, Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia, with Ranuccio Scotti Douglas, Bishop of Borgo San Donnino, and Alessandro Vittrici, Bishop of Alatri, serving as co-consecrators.
A counter-celebration or counter-observance or alternative commemoration can be a form of protest of a holiday's commemoration by challenging its dominant narrative with an alternative event, often representing a social cause such as indigenous rights, and involving symbolic subversion in the style of culture jamming.
Jacques de Bauffremont, 8th Duke of Bauffremont and 10th Prince of Marnay (6 February 1922 – 9 January 2020) was a French prince.
GAME acquired Multiplay, a hosting and events company in 2015, and then in 2017 sold the Multiplay brand and hosting division to Unity for a sum of 20 million pounds.
Insomnia Gaming Festival (commonly referenced to as simply Insomnia) is a British gaming festival that is held twice a year, in April and August, in the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham.
Insomnia was originally located at the Newbury Racecourse from Insomnia5 to Insomnia33, then moved to Stoneleigh Park for Insomnia34, followed by a move back to the racecourse.
The event then moved to the Telford International Centre for the 43rd-50th events, and then went to the Ricoh Arena for Insomnia51-Insomnia55.
The main exhibition at Insomnia usually consists of various PC/gaming console hardware manufacturers, and game developers who are eager for consumers to try their games.
The exhibition usually also features a marketplace, where sellers of various video game and geek-culture related memorabilia can hire a space to sell their goods.
Each Insomnia event typically also consists of a BYOC (Bring Your Own Computer/Console) hall, where around 2,500 gamers pay for an allotted desk space, a power socket and Ethernet connection to the LAN (local area network), which is where the short name LAN comes from.
She began competing in ice dance during the 2012–13 season, skating in domestic Russian events with her first partner, Ivan Desyatov.
They ranked first in both segments and outscored fellow Russians Sofya Tyutyunina / Alexander Shustitskiy by 5.48 points to take the gold medal.
The men's 10,000 metres event took place separately at the Adelaide Grand Prix on 1 February 1997 while the women's 5000 metres took place at the Melbourne Nike Classic on 20 February 1997.
The two had met on a short joint tour in March 2006, featuring the David Cross Band and Peter Banks's Harmony in Diversity.
When he finally did, he worked with Tony Lowe and they invited in various musicians, largely with connections to Yes, of which Banks had been a member, or King Crimson, of which Cross had been a member.
He picked up his first graded win on April 7th, 2018, with a win in the Grade 2 Wood Memorial Stakes.
He then captured his biggest win up to that point when he won the Gold Cup at Santa Anita Stakes on May 27th, 2019.
He came in third place at the Grade 1 2019 Whitney Handicap on August 3rd, 2019, and he came in second place at the Grade 1 Jockey Club Gold Cup.
In 2013, coach Georgios Kalafatakis picked him to join Ikaros, the year that the club played in Chalkida, where he played his first games as an adult.
He then played for a season with Psychiko, then Pagrati and subsequently Ionikos Nikaias, where he started receiving major playing time.
In the 2017–18 season Persidis moved to Ethnikos Piraeus, leading his team to the 2nd division playoffs, while appearing in 32 games and averaging 5.6 points and 4.3 rebounds in 18 minutes per game.
The following season Persidis played for Diagoras Dryopideon, appearing in 29 games and averaging 6.2 point and 4 rebounds in 16.5 minutes per game.
Those numbers weren't left unnoticed from Panathinaikos staff, and eventually Persidis joined the Greens in the summer of 2019 as an ancillary player alongside Kostas Papadakis.
It was the eighth time that the country had taken part in the games and expectations were high for the competitors as they were playing on home soil.
2003 was the second time that Nigeria hosted the games, as the 1973 All-Africa Games had been held in Lagos thirty years before.
The team left with a total of 240 medals, of which 85 were gold medals and 90 silver, a tally that remained unmatched until 2019.
Amongst the games records that were broken were a time of 9.95 for Deji Aliu in the 100 metres and a put of by Vivian Chukwuemeka.
Mary Onyali-Omagbemi, whose medal tally before the games included gold at the 1994 Commonwealth Games and multiple honours at previous Africa Games, added to her total in the 100 and 200 metres, as well as participating in the 4×100 m relay team that broke the game record with a time of 43.04.
Nigeria won 240 medals in total, substantially more than in previous years and more than the total in the previous two competitions combined.
Maxwell was raised in Dundee and attended Dundee High School before studying law at the University of Edinburgh and then taking a post-graduate diploma in law at Dundee University.
After going freelance Maxwell wrote opinion pieces for the Scottish Sun and since 2013 has written a weekly column for the Dundee Evening Telegraph.
Maxwell has also presented on radio, being a frequent presenter on BBC Radio Scotland and she had her own show on Edinburgh station talk 107 until the station folded in 2008.
Nasri Abu Jaish (; born 20 April 1967 in Beit Dajan, Nablus) is an A Palestinian dentist, politician, diplomat and a Palestinian lecturer who holds a PhD in developmental studies and political science.
Nasri Khalil Salim Abu Jaish was born in the village of Beit Dajan in the West Bank on April 20, 1967, where he received his elementary and preparatory education in the village schools, and secondary in the Qadri Touqan School in Nablus.
Then he began his university education in Sofia to obtain a bachelor’s degree in dentistry, and later obtained a diploma in protocol from Jakarta.
Nasri Abu Jaish completed his university studies at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania to obtain a master’s degree in international relations, as well as a doctorate in development studies and political science from the universities of Dar es Salaam and Harari.
Nasri Abu Jaish was included in diplomatic and political life, where he held the posts of Ambassador of the State of Palestine to Seychelles, Mauritius, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda.
On April 13, 2019, Abu Jaish was sworn in front of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas as Minister of Labor in the government of Muhammad Shtayyeh.
Aaron Kwak (born May 21, 1993), known professionally as Aron, is an American singer and former radio host based in South Korea and associated with Pledis Entertainment.
He attended Loyola High School and was on the varsity golf team, earning the Rookie of the Year Award in 2008 from Daniel Murphy High School.
Aron had been accepted into New York University and intended to major in journalism but ultimately did not attend after choosing to become a singer.
From 2017 to 2018, Aron promoted with the other NU'EST members as the sub-group NU'EST W in the absence of Minhyun, who was exclusively promoting with Wanna One at the time.
The mixed relay biathlon competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 15 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
Marco Antonio García Robledo (born 17 January 2000) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Mexican club named Club Universidad Nacional.
Tadellöser & Wolff is a two-part television film from 1975, which was produced for the German public-service TV-broadcaster ZDF in Sepia.
The film begins like a documentary: Ernst Jacobi in the role of Walter Kempowski introduces the viewer to the action with family photos and pictures from Rostock.
The film portrays the life of the middle-class family Kempowski in Rostock from 1939 to 1945 in close detail to the novel.
In addition to describing the special events in the life of Walter and in the family, there are always depictions of everyday life, such as walks with the father through Rostock, in school and youth group, with friends and swing music, with eating together and Christmas celebrations with the family, going to church or going to the cinema.
This is followed by a description of the situation in the new apartment and the events in the family, during a meal together, during a visit to the grandfather and at a scene with the neighbor's daughter.
Considering the estate, considerable debts are found, which now have to be repaid, so the family cannot move into the grandfather's villa, but rents it out.
With the end of the bombings the apartment building is only slightly damaged, but some bombs have hit in the street.
Brother Robert, who was on the road as a responder in the city, tells his family about the reports on the considerable destruction in Rostock he had to make, that the Selters-water-factory in the neighborhood burns down.
The Dane Sven Sörensen, an employee in the father's office, was arrested by the Gestapo for tracing successful bombings on a city map.
He was released shortly afterwards and moved into the Kempowski family's apartment because his own apartment was destroyed by the bombing.
When Father Karl, who is a first lieutenant in the Wehrmacht comes home during vacation from the front, there are tensions in the family at first, which eventually calm down.
Since Walter's achievements in school have deteriorated considerably, it is decided that he has to go to the very strict Anna Kröger, called Aunt Anna, to tutor.
The family members remaining in Rostock are sad on the one hand about the farewell, but on the other hand also happy because Ulla is now in a safe place.
This estate on Plauer See belongs to the family of Ferdinand von Germitz, whom he knew from tutoring at Anna Kröger.
He works as a courier, and in mid-April 1945 on an assignment in Berlin, he realizes that the Russians (Red Army Soldiers) must have come very close to the city.
He looks for a way out of the city and then manages to find a train to Rostock in Nauen (Brandenburg), with which he arrives in Rostock on April 25, 1945.
The film ends with the scene on the May 1, 1945 (the day of the end of world war 2), where Walter sits on the balcony with his mother and grandfather to see Russian soldiers for the first time, as they march into their street in Rostock.
The entire film was not shot in color, but Fechner deliberately chose sepia as a stylistic device to give the film more authenticity.
In the course of the film, the jazz classic Georgia on My Mind by Hoagy Carmichael is played in several scenes.
Ann Cary Randolph Morris (1774–1837), whose nickname was Nancy, was the daughter of Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. and the wife of Gouverneur Morris.
After a difficult young adulthood, she had a life of some stability and social prominence after she married Gouverneur Morris, who died in 1816.
At about 19 years of age, Ann went to live with her sister Judith and her husband Richard Randolph near Farmville, Virginia at the Bizarre plantation, an Antebellum tobacco plantation.
Richard studied at Princeton, but did not have a solid direction or plan for his life and it was at this time that the tobacco economy was collapsing.
Ann and Richard were said to be too fond of one another, and in the summer of 1792, she began gaining weight.
Judith, Richard, and Ann traveled to the Glentivar or Glenlyvar estate 30 miles northeast of Farmville to visit Randolph Harrison, a cousin, and his wife Mary on October 1, 1792.
Richard Randolph was in Ann's dark room and would not allow a candle to be brought into the room, but Mary Harrison was able to sit with Ann for a few minutes.
The next day, there was blood on Ann's pillowcases and on the stairs, her bedding had been removed from her bed, and Ann remained in her room.
The Harrisons were then told that the corpse of a baby was found in a pile of old shingles by the plantation's enslaved people.
During the trial, Martha Jefferson Randolph stated that she had obtained gum guaicum, which she believed could be used to abort a baby, and provided it to Ann two weeks before the trip to Glentivar.
Enslaved people were precluded from testifying by Virginia law, so the evidence about the baby being found within a stack of shingles was not heard.
John Randolph of Roanoke, Richard's brother, thought that Ann had poisoned Richard and Judith was angry about the scandal and loss of her husband.
She then lived at a number of places: with friends; at Monticello with her cousin and now sister-in-law, Martha Jefferson Randolph, and her brother Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.; in Richmond; Rhode Island; and Connecticut.
She had very limited means, at times receiving small sums of monies from her brothers, and she may have taught school in Rhode Island.
Ann lived at a boarding house in New York in October 1808 when she received a visit from Gouverneur Morris, who she met when he visited Tuckahoe Plantation about 1788.
Morris was a senator for New York, a delegate to both the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, and an ambassador to France under President Washington.
A surprise to Morrisania guests, they were married on Christmas Day, 1809, with Ann dressed in the worn dress she wore as housekeeper as her wedding dress.
The couple went to the White House in December 1811, where they met with President James Madison and Dolley Madison and they were engaged in activities with political and diplomatic figures.
In the hope that a change in climate would help him improve his health, Tudor traveled to England, but died there in August 1815.
The animus towards her extended to Morris relatives who were no longer heirs to her husband's estate after their marriage and the birth of their son.
Jack Rodney Laundon (28 July 1934 – 31 December 2016) was a British lichenologist and became President of the British Lichen Society.
He was educated at Park Road School, Kettering Central School and Kettering Grammar School, and then worked at the British Museum (Natural History) from 1952 - 1990, mainly in the lichen section.
He was interested in lichen from his teens, and developed his interests in lichen ecology and taxonomy as well as the specimen curation and identification required by his post.
He helped establish the use of chemotaxonomy for lichens at the Museum and was active in verifying specimens sent to the Museum.
In 1956 he published a survey of the lichens of Northamptonshire, and was the first to apply the Scandinavian method of lichen communities to the UK.
His surveys of the lichens of London in the late 1960s were the first to map species distributions relative to atmospheric sulphur dioxide levels.
He was elected as Honorary member of the Society in 1988, and received the Ursula Duncan Award in recognition of his services to the British Lichen Society in 2007.
He was required to retire in 1990 as part of restructuring at the Museum as it moved away from taxonomy, but he continued to be very active with lichens and Northamptonshire local history, including authoring several publication, until mid-December 2016, shortly before his death.
Diamantopoulos, I., Pirintsos, S., Laundon, J.R. and Vokou, D. (1992) The epiphytic lichens around Thessaloniki (Greece) as indicators of sulfur dioxide pollution.
Skipwith railway station served the village of Skipwith, North Yorkshire, England from 1912 to 1968 on the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
Amélia Christinat (6 February 1926 at Corticiasca, Ticino – 7 September 2016 in Geneva) was a Swiss politician and women's rights activist.
She sat in the National Council from 1978 to 1987 as the first female National Councillor from the canton of Geneva.
After women's suffrage was introduced in the canton of Geneva in March 1960, Christinat joined the Social Democratic Party of Geneva.
She won the gold medal in the women's long jump T37 event and the silver medal in the women's 400 metres T37 event.
In the women's 4 × 100 metres relay T35-T38 event she won the gold medal together with Jiang Fenfen, Chen Junfei and Li Yingli.
She won the gold medal in the women's 100 metres T37, women's 200 metres T37 and women's long jump T37 events.
A Republican, he was most notable for his service as a member of the Vermont Senate from Orange County (1894-1896), a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from Newbury (1902-1904), and the United States Marshal for the District of Vermont from 1903 until his death.
Horace Ward Bailey was born in Newbury, Vermont on January 16, 1852, a son of William U. Bailey and Abigail (Eaton) Bailey.
Bailey became a manager at Lindsey hotels; besides the Fabyan House, he worked at resorts in Lancaster, New Hampshire, Old Orchard Beach, Maine, and Eastman, Georgia.
Bailey was the executor of Lindsey's estate, which led to a later career settling estates in northern Vermont and northern New Hampshire.
In addition to serving as town clerk, Bailey served in other local offices, including lister, town school board member, town school superintendent, and member of the county school board.
Bailey served in the Vermont Senate from 1894 to 1896, and was a member of the committees on education, railroads, and the state prison, as well as a joint committee that examined unexpected spending increases on the prison.
As a Fish and Game commissioner, Bailey was credited with management improvements at the state fish hatchery, and was also selected to oversee construction of a dam at the outlet of Lake Morey in Fairlee.
During his tenure in the House, Bailey was chairman of the committee on railroads, as well as the committee that oversaw Vermont's participation in the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
From 1906 to 1910, Bailey was a member of the Lake Champlain Tercentenary Commission, which planned celebrations to commemorate Samuel de Champlain's discovery of the lake in 1609.
He was an author on Vermont topics, including histories of Lake Champlain, Newbury Seminary and Newbury Methodist Church, and served as a vice president of the Vermont Historical Society.
He was also a longtime member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias, served on the board of directors of St. Johnsbury's Citizens Savings Bank and Trust, and was a trustee of the Bradford Savings Bank.
This collection was covered in newspapers nationwide in 1904, after Bailey received a carved bamboo cane from a friend in the U.S. Army who had recently returned from a trip to Japan.
According to contemporary press accounts, Bailey's collection included a lignum vitae cane from the Philippines which was a gift from Mason S. Stone, and one made of pine recovered from the floor of the Confederacy's Civil War-era Libby Prison.
During his lifetime, Bailey amassed a vast collection of works related to the history of Vermont, including many rare books, pamphlets, town histories, and railroad annual reports.
His pamphlet collection of more than 900 items was purchased intact by Middlebury College, which maintains Bailey's Vermont Pamphlet Archive as part of its library's Special Collections.
In 1904, Bailey purchased Newbury's old schoolhouse, which had been constructed in 1839, as a repository for his private library of works on the history of Vermont.
The building was purchased by the town in 1969 for use as the town clerk's office, and was partially destroyed during a 1973 tornado.
It was later restored, and is now the Horace W. Bailey Club, a meeting facility for several different organizations and civic groups.
The Bailey Club is part of the Newbury Village Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
The European Strategy for Particle Physics is a prioritisation of European ambitions to advance particle physics science for the long-term future and is the cornerstone of Europe’s decision-making process in the field.
The opinions of physicists from around the world are actively solicited and the European Strategy is developed in close coordination with similar processes in the US and Japan in order to ensure coordination and optimal use of resources globally.
The European Strategy takes into account the worldwide particle physics landscape and developments in related fields, and was initiated by the CERN Council to coordinate activities across a large, international and fast-moving community with the aim to maximise scientific returns.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was cited as the top scientific priority of European particle physics with a discussion of a possible significant luminosity upgrade.
Other priorities included research and development of future accelerators, coordination with a potential International Linear Collider, and participation in a global neutrino program.
An update to the original European Strategy was prepared in 2012 and formally adopted in 2013 following the discovery of the Higgs boson.
His first match came against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1852, with his second appearance coming against Cambridge University at Lord's in 1856.
He failed to score any runs in his two appearances and was dismissed without scoring in all three of his batting innings'.
After graduating from Oxford he joined the Civil Service, where he worked as a senior clerk at the Office of Woods and Forests.
Floyd Alonzo McClure (14 August 1897, Shelby County, Ohio – 15 April 1970, Bethesda, Maryland) was an American botanist and plant collector.
At Canton Christian College in Guangzhou, China, he was an instructor in horticulture from 1919 to 1923, an assistant professor of botany from 1923 to 1927, and curator of the herbarium from 1923 to 1927.
At Lingnan University, McClure was an assistant professor from 1927 to 1928, an associate professor from 1928 to 1931, a full professor from 1931 to 1941, and the curator of economic botany from 1927 to 1941.
During his time in China he went on three leaves of absence: on the first leave he married in 1922 his fiancée of seven years, on the second leave he received in 1928 his M.Sc.
His bamboo research in China was supported by grants from the China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture in 1929, from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1930 and 1934, and from the National Research Council in 1936.
He published articles in journals sponsored by Lingnan University, as well as in The Ohio Journal of Science, The Scientific Monthly, Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Blumea, and Journal of the Arnold Arboretum.
In 1943 the Office of Scientific Research and Development recruited McClure to do research on bamboo ski poles for alpine troops in the U.S. Army.
The book, dealing with bamboos in Asia and in the tropical Americas, is important for its compilation of literature on bamboos from eastern and western sources.
LEKOIL is a Cayman incorporated company, headquartered in Lagos which is focused on African oil exploration and production with interests in Nigeria and offshore Namibia.
The company was founded in 2010 by a former analyst from Alliance Bernstein and listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange in 2013.
On 13 January 2020 the company announced that it had been the victim of a fraud purporting to be a US$184m loan agreement from the Qatar Investment Authority, the sovereign wealth fund of the State of Qatar.
At the time of the disclosure, it had just appointed The Right Honourable Mark Simmonds, a former Foreign & Commonwealth Office Minister of the UK Government, as one of its non-executive directors.
Media comment at the time questioned how the Company and its professional advisers could be deceived given apparent red flags and linked it to the general criticism regarding the number of frauds associated with the AIM market.
It subsequently secure the Namibian offshore Blocks 2514 A and B located in the prospective Luderitz Basin although not considered one of the major prospective zones on the continent., and a farm out agreement with a subsidiary of Afren PLC on OPL310, an offshore Nigerian asset located in the Dahomey-Benin Basin.
In May 2013, on the basis of these assets LEKOIL listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange raising net proceeds of approximately £27 million with a market capitalisation of £73m at the placing price.
Strand Hanson Limited acted as the Nominated Advisor with Mirabaud Securities acting as Broker and Revere Securities Corp. as US Placing Agent.
At the time of listing, LEKOil’s indirect interest in the OPL310 asset equated to approximately a 27 percent economic interest and a 15.43 percent participating interest.
Following initial success, the Company raised a further US$20m and $100m in July and November 2013 respectively to fund drilling and testing of the Ogo-ST well on the OPL310 licence.
In May 2014, LEKOIL acquired a 40% interest in the Otakikpo Marginal Field on the onshore Nigerian OML11 licence from Green Energy International and raise £22m to fund its development.
In 2015, LEKOIL raised US$46 million in equity to fund the acquisition of a 62% economic interest in the Nigerian licence OPL325.
In 2019 it was reported that LEKOIL were considering a secondary listing on the Nigerian Stock Exchange with a possible date in 2022.
On 2 January 2020 the company announced that it had secured a loan facility from the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), the sovereign wealth fund of the State of Qatar for US$184.0 million to fund the appraisal drilling and initial development programme on the Ogo field within its OPL 310 licence.
Following queries from the QIA, the Company announced that it had been the victim of a fraud with the loss of US$600,000 in advance fee payments and legal costs resulting in the collapse of the Company's share price.
It was reported at the time that following the fraud the company had only US$2.7m in cash remaining and there were questions over the future of the Company and the Ogo project.
On 13 January 2020, LEKOIL announced that it had been the victim of a fraud over a fake US$184.0 million loan facility that it had announced eleven days earlier.
Greg Eckersley, a board member, who previously worked at the Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund overseeing due diligence, who had been acting as the Interim CFO left the firm.
It was also disclosed that as part of the transaction, Lekan Akinyanmi, LEKOIL’s founder and CEO, would have a US$1.7m company loan written off and receive a new bonus plan.
Media comment questioned how the Company and its professional advisers who included Strand Hanson, Mirabaud Securities and Numis could be taken in by the fraud.
It was noted that Seawave Invest’s website raised many red flags including numerous spelling mistakes, no named people and appeared to have large areas copied.
The Times reported that Seawave, which was meant to be based in The Bahamas and Accra, Ghana had closed in February 2019.
The mixed NOC team figure skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Lausanne Skating Arena on 15 January 2020.
The eight teams were composed of one men's single skater, one ladies' single skater, one pair, and one ice dancing duo, each performing a free program or free dance.
In the case of a winner of the competition, the tie breaking procedure was used, taking into consideration the two best places of the concerned teams in different categories.
In this case the three best places in different categories was considered and the highest total scores from the three best places prevailed and the respective placings was recorded accordingly.
She is also a corresponding academic at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando and the Academy de Santa Isabel de Hungary in Seville.
She was not there long and she returned the following year to the University of Navarra where she work for 25 years up to her retirement.
She was director of the Department of Art History , and is currently Director of the Navarro Heritage and Art Chair.
She is Professor Emeritus at the University of Navarre and she is a corresponding academic at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando and Santa Isabel de Hungary in Seville.
The men's rugby sevens tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were held from 7 to 8 December 2019 in the Philippines.
The women's rugby sevens tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were held from 7 to 8 December 2019 in the Philippines.
A route to phenol analogous to the cumene process begins with cyclohexylbenzene, which is oxidized to a hydroperoxide, akin to the production of cumene hydroperoxide.
The British National Individual Pursuit Championships are held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organised by British Cycling.
The 2008 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the third staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 5 October 2008, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 2-13 to 0-14 defeat of St. Vincent's in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh after a replay.
The 2003 Wamena incident () involved a sweeping operation and forced relocation of civilians around the town of Wamena by the Indonesian Army and the Indonesian National Police following a raid on an armory.
The operations lasted for around two months following the raid, displacing thousands of civilians and resulting in the deaths of around fifty civilians from various causes.
The raid occurred on 4 April 2003 at around 1 AM, launched by an unidentified mob, against the armory of the Wamena District of the Indonesian Army.
In the presidency of Joko Widodo, five men arrested and imprisoned for their alleged involvement in the 2003 raid was given clemency during one of Widodo's visits to Papua in May 2015.
Siddharth Anil Shirole (born 4 February 1979) () is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and first time Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly representing the Shivajinagar Vidhansabha Constituency from Pune.
Siddharth Shirole is also the Councillor for Ward 14 ( Deccan Gymkhana - Model Colony ) of the Pune Municipal Corporation.
Siddharth is also the Director of Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited and National Finance Head of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha.
Professionally, Siddharth Shirole heads the Parichay Group of Hotels and Restaurants, which owns the multi-award-winning restaurant Shabree (शबरी), Hotel Parichay, Shavaree Restaurant and Zaika Spice IceCream.
Siddharth is also the author of the widely loved self-help book ‘Today is my Favourite Day’ unleashing the Power of Optimism published by Wisdom Tree.
Mount Koubru or Mount Koupalu is one of the highest mountains in Manipur, and the abode of God Koubru and other Kanglei Gods and Goddesses in Kanglei mythology.Sapormeina town lies below the peak.It is located in Sadar hills/Kangpokpi district of Manipur.
Mount Koubru serves as an abode of Gods and goddesses since ancient times in Kanglei mythology, Meitei literature and Meitei culture.
The Meitei people and the followers of Sanamahi faith climbs the mountain once in their lifetime, just like Muslims went to Mecca once in their lifetime.
The British National Individual Time Trial Championships are held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organised by British Cycling.
He was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Pune Cantonment in the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
The National Football League 100th Anniversary All-Time Team was revealed in 2019 after being voted on by a blue-ribbon panel consisting of media members, former players and league personnel.
Tom Brady, Larry Fitzgerald, and Adam Vinatieri were the only active players when the team was revealed; Rob Gronkowski was also active when the voting occurred.
The team was chosen by a panel of 26 voters made up of coaches, team and front office executives, former players and members of the media between April and June 2018.
New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick and Pro Football Hall of Fame head coach John Madden were also two of the voters and were in charge of looking over film and issuing a report to the committee on players in the early years of the league.
There will be 10 quarterbacks, 12 running backs, 10 wide receivers, 5 tight ends, 7 tackles, 7 guards, 4 centers, 7 defensive ends, 7 defensive tackles, 6 outside linebackers, 6 middle/inside linebackers, 7 cornerbacks, 6 safeties, 2 kickers, 2 punters, 2 kick/punt returners, and 10 coaches.
On December 21 and December 22, 2019, quarterbacks Joe Montana and Tom Brady were announced as the first two quarterbacks to make it to the 100th Anniversary All-Time Team.
They included Troy Aikman, Sammy Baugh, Terry Bradshaw, Tom Brady, Drew Brees, John Elway, Brett Favre, Dan Fouts, Otto Graham, Bobby Layne, Sid Luckman, Peyton Manning, Dan Marino, Joe Namath, Aaron Rodgers, Bart Starr, Roger Staubach, Fran Tarkenton, Johnny Unitas, Norm Van Brocklin, and Steve Young.
On December 9, 2019, 12 tight end finalists were announced, including Dave Casper, Mike Ditka, Antonio Gates, Tony Gonzalez, Rob Gronkowski, Ron Kramer, John Mackey, Ozzie Newsome, Charlie Sanders, Shannon Sharpe, Kellen Winslow, and Jason Witten.
Fifteen of the 40 finalists were guards, including Larry Allen, Joe DeLamielleure, Dan Fortmann, John Hannah, Jerry Kramer, Larry Little, Tom Mack, Bruce Matthews, Randall McDaniel, Mike Michalske, Mike Munchak, Jim Parker, Will Shields, Dick Stanfel, and Gene Upshaw.
Seventeen of the 33 defensive linemen were defensive ends, including Doug Atkins, Willie Davis, Carl Eller, Len Ford, Bill Hewitt, Deacon Jones, Howie Long, Gino Marchetti, Julius Peppers, Andy Robustelli, Lee Roy Selmon, Bruce Smith, Michael Strahan, DeMarcus Ware, J.J. Watt, Reggie White, and Jack Youngblood.
The finalists included Chuck Bednarik, Bobby Bell, Derrick Brooks, Dick Butkus, Harry Carson, Bill George, Kevin Greene, Jack Ham, Ted Hendricks, Clarke Hinkle, Sam Huff, Luke Kuechly, Jack Lambert, Willie Lanier, Ray Lewis, Von Miller, Ray Nitschke, Dave Robinson, Joe Schmidt, Junior Seau, Mike Singletary, Lawrence Taylor, Derrick Thomas, Brian Urlacher, and Dave Wilcox.
Fourteen of the 30 defensive back finalists were safeties, including Jack Christiansen, Brian Dawkins, Kenny Easley, Ken Houston, Paul Krause, Yale Lary, Ronnie Lott, Troy Polamalu, Ed Reed, Johnny Robinson, Donnie Shell, Emlen Tunnell, Larry Wilson, and Willie Wood.
On November 20, 2019, 20 head coaches were announced as finalists, including Bill Belichick, Paul Brown, Guy Chamberlin, Tony Dungy, Weeb Ewbank, Joe Gibbs, Sid Gillman, Bud Grant, George Halas, Curly Lambeau, Tom Landry, Marv Levy, Vince Lombardi, John Madden, Chuck Noll, Steve Owen, Bill Parcells, Fritz Pollard, Don Shula, and Bill Walsh.
Below are the squads for the Football at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games - men's tournament, hosted by the Philippines, which took place from 25 November to 10 December 2019.
The men's tournament will be an under-22 international tournament (born on or after 1 January 1997), with a maximum of two overage players allowed.
Ross is the fourth studio album by the musical project Low Roar, to be pre-released as a CD on 29 November 2019 through Paper Records.
Aura K. Dunn is an American Republican Party politician who served as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from November 25, 2019 until January 14, 2020.
A resident of Mendham Borough, New Jersey, Dunn ran for assembly in the 2019 Republican primary losing to Tony Bucco and Brian Bergen.
After his Senate appointment, Bucco's name was still on the ballot for his Assembly seat, and won re-election to the Assembly in the November 2018 general election.
She was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Kasba Peth in the 2019 state elections as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lu'an, China, without papal approval from 2000 until his death in 2019.
The ceremony is broadcast by Televisa, TV Azteca, Channel 22 of the Secretariat of Culture and Canal Once of the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico.
The 2009 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the fourth staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 18 October 2009, Valley Rovers won the championship following a 0-07 to 0-05 defeat of Clyda Rovers in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
Al-Ali () is a group of Arab clans who are not necessarily from a common ancestor but were once rulers of their own Arab state in Southern Persia and are still influential in the United Arab Emirates as they are the ruling family in Umm al-Quwain.
Bani Malik are named after the renowned army leader, Malik Al-Ashtar Al-Nakha'i, and are a branch of Azd Mecca ( the descendants of Khuza'a Ibn Amr).
Azd Mecca are one of four branches of Azd ( or Al-Azd), a major pre-Islamic tribes, a branch of Kahlan which was one of the branches of Qahtan the other being Himyar.
Most of Al-Ali tribe migrated by the end of the 16th century from what is now Saudi Arabia to different neighboring countries.
These groups are not necessarily blood-related but they are tribal congregations, each one stems from its own ancestry and ruled by the Shaikh (شيخ), and cooperate in war under the same banner.
Ashayer) may have the same ancestry and cooperate in war under one banner and commanded by one leader who is called Shaikh of the shaikhs (Shaikh al Mashayikh شيخ المشايخ ).
one can be called Al-Maliki (related to Bani Malik, the bigger tribe) and at the same time he is called Al-Ali (related to Al- Ali), which is one of Bani Malik offshoots.
In the 16th century they moved north from central Arabia to UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Jordan, but others had relocated in Iraq as described.
In the 13th century they had 4000 warriors, but most of the tribesmen had died in the plague of 1247 AH (1887 AD) so the number of their warriors was reduced to 150 in 1260 AH (1900).
Madrisquí (also known as Cayo Madriskí or Madrizqui) is a small island that belongs to the Archipelago of Los Roques, which is administratively part of the Federal Dependencies and is under the authority of the Miranda Island Territory in the waters of the Caribbean Sea of Venezuela .
Is part of the tourist or recreational area of the park, is linked to Cayo Pirata through a narrow sand barrier.
It is one of the keys most visited by tourists, due to its proximity to the island Gran Roque, has some inns to cater to visitors, beautiful beaches and a very practiced activity is diving.
Nicks Creek rises on the Little River and Jackson Creek divide about 0.5 miles east of West End in Moore County, North Carolina.
Nicks Creek drains of area, receives about 49.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 437.66 and is about 46% forested.
James Gordon Dennis was a U.S. flight lieutenant shot down over Berlin in May 1944, who was murdered in the open street by propaganda ministry official Alfred Ingemar Berndt after Dennis had parachuted and was captured.
Born in Globe, Arizona, Dennis attended the Globe schools, starring as a football and basketball player while a student at Globe High School.
On Sept. 7, 1944, the War Department received word through the International Red Cross that Lieutenant Dennis was killed in action over Berlin on May 24.
Goebbels hoped that this article would set off a massive hunt for Allied pilots and deter airmen from flying missions against Germany.
On 24 May 1944, just before the Western Allies landed in Normandy (Operation Overlord), Alfred Ingemar Berndt halted his car where captured Flight Lieutenant Dennis was being held, and shot him dead in the street.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Benin is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Benin, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Benin and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Benin and the pope.
Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone.
Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Pro-Nunciature to Dahomey in 1972.
Jacobs attended St Paul's Girls' School and read history at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London before going into a career in journalism.
While in Tunis, her journalistic interest was focused on the Arab Spring, its problems and the rise of Islamist extremism in the Maghreb.
The complex results from several modifications of the former Convent of Saint Anthony of the Capuchins, established in 1579 and partially destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
Simon Rochon Cohen (born August 27, 1983), known professionally with the pseudonyms Siméo, Chaton y Petit Cœur, is a French singer, songwriter and musician.
He was registered at the age of 6 at the conservatory where he had the right to touch a musical instrument from the age of 10 years.
In March and April 2009, he toured Asia (Simeo Asian Tour 2009) through 6 countries: Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Brunei, Burma and Bangladesh.
The Little capital derby or the Little Sofia derby is the name of the football match between PFC Lokomotiv Sofia and PFC Slavia Sofia.
• Total: Slavia Sofia with 35 higher finishes, Lokomotiv Sofia with 29 higher finishes (as of the end of the 2018–19 season).
The baseball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Clark International Sports Complex at The Villages, in Pampanga from 2 to 8 December 2019.
John Rush (born October 23, 1993) is a professional Canadian football fullback for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He was signed as a free agent on November 30, 2015 by the Blue Bombers after going unselected in the 2015 CFL Draft.
Rush played CIS football at linebacker for the Guelph Gryphons from 2011 to 2015 where he won the Presidents' Trophy in his final year as university football's best defensive player.
Mohol is corporator from 12 C ward of Pune Municipal Corporation in 2017 elections as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
First Fits is the debut album by alternative rock band FITTED, featuring Mike Watt (The Minutemen, fIREHOSE), Graham Lewis (Wire), Matthew Simms (Wire), Bob Lee (The Black Gang).
It has been represented by Democratic Senator Jeanne Dietsch since 2018, succeeding Republican Senator Andy Sanborn, who unsuccessfully ran for Congress.
District 9 covers parts of southern Cheshire and Hillsborough Counties outside of Manchester, including the towns of Bedford, Dublin, Fitzwilliam, Greenfield, Hancock, Jaffrey, Lyndeborough, Mont Vernon, New Boston, Peterborough, Richmond, Sharon, Temple, and Troy.
Punya is a village within the jurisdiction of the Falta police station in the Falta CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Punya had a total population of 2,583 of which 1,268 (51%) were males and 1,315 (51%) were females.
It offers honours courses in physics, chemistry, mathematics, botany, zoology, bio-chemistry, taxation, computer applications & e-business, accounting & finance, political science, history, education, Bengali and English.
Kastell Wörth was a Roman limes numerus fort located on the north-western edge of today's Wörth am Main in the German state of Bavaria.
The fort was probably part of the defenses of the Main Limes, and also, as part of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes, but also of the older Odenwald Limes section of the Neckar-Odenwald Limes, but this has not been definitively proven archaeologically.
The starting point of the Odenwald Limes has not to date been definitively determined; one possibility is the fortress at Obernburg (ORL 35), built between 100 and 110 AD, but this question can only be resolved by further excavations.
What is certain is that the origin of the Odenwald Limes, whose next identified fort is Kastell Seckmauern (ORL 46b), is in the region between the two nearby forts of Obernburg and Wörth.
Trennfurt Roman Fort (ORL 37), lying somewhat further along in the direction of the Main, is ruled out from consideration because it is more recent.
It appears that Wörth was garrisoned only after the fort at Obernburg, and after the earth and timber fortifications of Seckmauern were constructed, since to date no late south Gaulish Terra Sigillata appears among the finds there.
This suggests that Seckmauern, never fortified in stone and later bisected by a palisade, was quickly abandoned and replaced by Wörth.
Through ageophysical survey at the beginning of the twenty-first century it was determined that a portion of the fortifications on the south side had fallen in a heap into the moat.
Scattered evidence and inscriptions point to a possible construction in the time of Domitian, but the majority of the total scant finds date from the middle second to the early third century.
Around southeast of the Porta Principalis Dextra are the fort's baths, in the middle of a fenced orchard, of which nothing can be seen today.
Until it reaches Seckmauern there are believed to be three unidentified sentry posts, based on topography and the distance between two identified watchtowers, but they have not been proven archaelogically.
The course of the Limes itself is not completely known; at best the fosse is now a flattened depression deep and around wide.
The 2019 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 14th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 27 October 2019, Éire Óg won the championship following a 0-14 to 0-12 defeat of St. Michael's in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.
The type and only species is Eogeometer vadens, the specimen of which measured about , and was estimated to be 44 million years old, dating back to Eocene epoch.
Both the genus and species were described by Thilo C. Fischer, Artur Michalski and Axel Hausmann in 2019 as the first geometrid caterpillar in Baltic amber.
It was one of a number of Plymouth fortifications to be recommended by the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom in 1859.
The battery was designed with a five-sided earthwork rampart containing a number of gun emplacements, with a ditch spanning the front.
The site is now overgrown and is used for agricultural purposes, but much of the battery remains intact and is protected as a scheduled monument.
Gideon Akwasi Wiafe (born July 22, 1990) also known as Nana Kwasi Wiafe is a Ghanaian international fashion model, stylist and creative director.
He is the founder of ThouArtKwasi, a high fashion styling brand that seeks to create high end fashion editorial looks and esthetics that reflects the stories of individuals and brands in Ghana and other African countries.
Nana Kwasi got his first break when he was photographed by Ghanaian American based Photographer/Creative Director Joshua Kissi & Ghanaian Visual artists Prince Gyasi.
He has worked with a wide range of photographers Joshua Kissi, Trevor Stuurman, Prince Gyasi, Travys Owen, Iseeadifferentyou, Justice Mukheli, Kyle Weeks, Francis Kokoroko and others.
Also Nana Kwasi has worked with fashion brands like Ozward Boateng, Diesel, Maxhosa, Vlisco, Studio189, Chusuwannapha, Marianne Fassler, Kente Gentleman, Loza Malèmbho and Jermain Bleu.
Nana Kwasi Wiafe is involved with charitable causes, He is a member of a charity foundation called Spread The Love Ghana for the past four years, for which he helps to support the homeless and kids in the city and countryside.
From 1908 to 1917 he was active in Cologne, where his works were mostly sold by the Cologne art dealer Abels, and from 1913 to 1914 in the United States.
In 1905 he received the Menzel Prize, 1914 a quarter of a year's residence as part of the Villa Romana Prize which he could no longer compete because of the outbreak of the First World War.
At the art historical meaningful Armory Show 1913 Weinzheimer was represented next to Picasso, Van Gogh, Monet and other representatives of the modern with two works.
He opposed of the Drug Enforcement Administration's decision to classify the drug Schedule 1, saying that it would make research on the drug extremely difficult.
On 27 May 1961, Tunku Abdul Rahman, the prime minister of the Federation of Malaya, announced a plan to form a greater federation together with Singapore, Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei, to be called Malaysia.
On 17 January 1962, the Cobbold Commission was formed to gauge the support of Sarawak and Sabah for the plan; the Commission reported 80 percent support for federation.
As the target date 31 August 1963 for the creation of Malaysia was fast approaching , the four parties (Singapore, Brunei, Sarawak, and Sabah) were going nowhere on their negotiations with Malaya.
Singapore prime minister Lee Kuan Yew had refused previous financial terms nearing settlement after a rift with Malayan Chinese Association (now Malaysian Chinese Association).
Sultan of Brunei was reported to questioned his precedence in the Malaysian Conference of Rulers and was apparently unsatisfied at his fourth position in the hierarchy.
There were three major political parties in Sarawak at that time: Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP), Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS), and Sarawak Alliance (Alliance).
PANAS broke away from the Alliance in April 1963 because of its dissatisfaction of alleged interference of local affairs by the Malayan Alliance Party.
Meanwhile, Alliance comprised four parties: Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA), Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA), and Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA).
SNAP was led by the party secretary, namely Stephen Kalong Ningkan, where he drawn his support from the Iban people of the second division of Sarawak (today Betong and Sri Aman Divisions).
The PESAKA party drawn its support from the Ibans of the third division of Sarawak (today Sibu, Sarikei, Mukah and Kapit Divisions).
The British colonial government installed such a system for the then politically immature Sarawak so that the legislators can have some governmental experience during their tenure in office.
The state was divided into 24 local authority areas, each headed by a district council which composed of elected members from single-member constituencies.
All the 24 districts then grouped together to form five divisions and each division was headed by a divisonal advisory council elected by the respective district councils.
Despite being elected as members of parliament, the reprsentatives would still be answerable to Council Negri, divisional councils, and district councils below them.
Of the total 429 district council seats, Sarawak Alliance won 138 seats, SUPP won 116, indepedents won 116 seats, and PANAS won 59 seats.
On the percentage of total votes, Alliance won 30.6%, independents won 29.7%, SUPP won 24.5%, and PANAS won 15.2% of the votes.
Although SUPP lost a substantial number of Chinese votes in four out of five urban centres (Kuching Municipal, Kuching Rural, Sibu Urban, Sibu Rural, and Miri), it did not prevent SUPP from winning district council seats in these areas.
Although PANAS was attacked by the Alliance for deserting the latter just before the election; PANAS was able to capture 53 out of 118 seats at the first and second divisions of Sarawak.
After the district council elections, each district council met from 1 July to 5 July 1963 in order to choose one to eight representatives into their respective divisional councils.
Although PANAS had the most number of seats in the first division, it required supoort of the three independents to form a majority in this division.
The Alliance formed a clear majority in the second division, but required the support of independents in the third division in order to form a majority.
With the announcement of SUPP-PANAS coalition on 1 July, both the parties were able to command a majority in the first division of Sarawak.
Although it was obvious that a Dayak from the principal parties (which was either SNAP or PESAKA) should become the first chief minister of Sarawak, Malaysian federal government suggested that Abdul Rahman Ya'kub (a Melanau muslim leader from BARJASA) should become the chief minister despite he was defeated in his own local ward.
However, the federal government eventually accepted a compromise that the chief minister post will be held by a Dayak from SNAP named Stephen Kalong Ningkan.
The Malaysian federal government also demanded that the both the chief minister and the governor post should not be held by the Dayaks simultaneously.
The 2020 Singapore Premier League (also known as the AIA Singapore Premier League due to sponsorship reasons) will be the 3rd season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018.
Despite large criticism and discussion against the Young Lions project, the Young Lions will continue to compete till 2019 for the purposes of training and preparing for the 2019 SEA Games.
The criticism mainly focused on the poor performances every season by the largely youth team made up of Singapore Football's brightest prospects.
Season-long consecutive losses against the rest of the more mature teams inflicts serious long-term consequences on the morale of the players, considering that most of these players are in the developmental ages of their footballing career.
The new age restrictions imposed on the rest of the Singapore Premier League clubs could be seen as giving the Young Lions a better advantage in terms of seniority, but most critics and fans of Singapore football are still wanting the FAS to abolish the FAS-managed Young Lions and have them developed under the guidance of genuine local clubs.
Singapore Premier League clubs can sign a maximum of four foreign players in the 2020 season, up from three as compared to 2019.
Softball at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Clark International Sports Complex in Mabalacat, Pampanga, the Philippines from 2 to 8 December 2019.
Doris Veillette (July 6, 1935 in Louiseville, Quebec, Canada – January 4, 2019, in Trois-Rivières) was a Quebec journalist and feminist.
Doris Veillette was the author of the pageant theatrical play of August 14, 1988, during the Tricentennial Festivities of Veillet/te of America in Sainte-Geneviève-de-Batiscan.
Her husband Jordan (Matthew Law) is a police officer who is feeling down after one of his recent victims jumps off a roof to her death.
Jasmine is given a new case by her boss Rory (Tyler Perry), which is Grace Waters (Crystal Fox) the woman accused of murdering her husband Shannon (Mehcad Brooks).
Grace insists that she's guilty and only wants a plea deal if she goes to a prison close by her son Malcolm (Walter Fauntleroy).
Rory is not pleased that Jasmine wants to try the case even though the firm doesn’t have enough money for it and because of the media frenzy.
Grace’s best friend Sarah (Phylicia Rashad) informs Jasmine that Grace was feeling sad after her divorce and she pushed her to get out and meet someone new which lead her to Shannon.
After researching the case some more, Jasmine and her colleagues Tilsa (Angela Marie Rigsby) and Donnie (Donovan Christie, Jr.) believe Grace is innocent.
One day Grace is fired from her job at the bank when it is discovered that money is missing from her accounts.
The final straw was when he had another woman in the house and Grace walks in to see them in bed together.
Sarah explains that she went to Grace's house and witnessed Malcolm leaving the house and Shannon's body missing which leads her to believe Malcolm helped Grace.
Feeling defeated and bad about the trial, Jasmine stops by Sarah's house when she notices that an elderly woman, whom she previously met, named Alice (Cicely Tyson) is trying to escape the house.
Alice wants to leave the house revealing that other women have died there including Shane Fieldman (Jordan's victim from the beginning of the film).
Shannon turns out to be alive and is Sarah's son and for the past twenty years the two have been conning older women out of their money and social security.
Jordan busts in the house, tussles with Sarah, handcuffs her and then looks for Jasmine as Sarah sneaks off and flees.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 22% based on 18 reviews, and an average rating of 4.61/10.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games men's softball tournament was held at the Clark International Sports Complex at The Villages, in Pampanga from 2 to 8 December 2019.
Little River rises in a pond on the Jackson Creek divide about 0.25 miles north of West End in Moore County, North Carolina.
Little River then flows easterly to meet the Cape Fear River about 2 miles east of Linden in Cumberland and Harnett Counties.
Little River drains of area, receives about 47.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 431.94 and is about 47% forested.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games women's softball tournament was held at the Clark International Sports Complex at The Villages, in Pampanga from 2 to 8 December 2019.
Vesey was born in County Galway and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was a Precentor of Killaloe Cathedral from 1713 to 1729; and Archdeacon of Leighlin from 1735 until his death.
It was armed with one RML 12.5-inch 38-ton gun, which was intended to be used to bombard enemy ships attempting to enter Plymouth Sound.
The site is now overgrown but much of the battery survives as a buried feature and is protected as a scheduled monument.
Her father, André Groult (1884-1996) was an interior designer and her mother, Nicole Groult (1887-1967) was an Art Deco fashion designer.
Flora took a strong interest in visual art and after attending the Lycée Victor Duruy, she studied at the art school, Académie Jullian.
The documentary is framed around the plans of Sassou Nguesso to transfer the remains of Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza from his grave in Algiers to a $9 million mausoleum in Brazzaville.
Worse, they diminish the status of the current King Makoko, spiritual leader of the Bateke, whose ancestor had signed the pact with Brazza in 1880.
Karla Indira Conga Lomas (born 23 January 1994) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a full back for La Cantera and the Peru women's national team.
Parker David Robbins (1834November 1, 1917) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War, among the first Black representatives to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 18681869, and inventor from Bertie County, North Carolina.
He was born in 1834 in either Colerain Township, Bertie County, North Carolina or the Choanoac Indian community of Gates County, North Carolina.
After the Civil War broke out, he went to Norfolk, Virginia in 1863 and enlisted in the Union Army and was assigned to the 2nd U.S.
Robbins was one of fifteen Blacks to be elected in August 1868 to the North Carolina General Assembly of 1868-1869 as a representative from Bertie County to the House of Representatives.
John Williams has been nominated for 52 Academy Awards, winning 5; 6 Emmy Awards, winning 3; 25 Golden Globe Awards, winning 4; 71 Grammy Awards, winning 25; and has received 7 British Academy Film Awards.
With 52 Oscar nominations, Williams currently holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for a living person, and is the second most nominated person in Academy Awards history behind Walt Disney's 59.
Williams was honored with the annual Richard Kirk award at the 1999 BMI Film and TV Awards, recognizing his contribution to film and television music.
The competition includes not only composers of film scores, but also composers of instrumental music of any genre, including composers of classical fare such as symphonies and chamber music.
In June 2018, after promoting to Regional Preferente, the club looked for playing in Tercera División by merging with Novelda CF but later, the Royal Spanish Football Federation rejected this operation.
Also in that month, Intercity announced its intention to be first Spanish football club to be listing in the stock market.
In 2019, Intercity were promoted to Tercera División by being regional champion, thus qualifying for the first time to the Copa del Rey.
After beating UD Gran Tarajal in the preliminary round, the club faced Athletic Bilbao in the first round, being defeated by 0–3.
Part of the Jarar zone, Rabaso is bordered on the south by Aware, on the west by Gaashaanka, on the north by the Burco-Duuray, on the northeast by Somalia, and on the east by Shabelle.
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, 100% of the population said they were Muslim.
Benjamin Brown French (1800 - 1870) was a politician, telegraph business leader, Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, and Public Commissioner of Buildings in Washington, D.C.
He moved to Washington, D.C., where he served as Clerk of the United States House of Representatives from 1845 until 1847 and was appointed Commissioner of Public Buidings.
He compiled an album of salt print and albumen print photographs related to construction of the Capitol dome and other sites.
Ferric maltol can cause serious side effects including increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease flare and iron overload in the body.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ferric maltol in July 2019, based on evidence from three clinical trials (Trial 1/ NCT01252221, Trial 2/NCT01340872, and Trial 3/NCT02968368).
In the first two trials low iron was caused by patients’ inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in the last trial, by long standing (chronic) kidney disease or CKD.
Beach handball at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Subic Tennis Court at the Subic Bay Freeport Zone between 7 and 11 December 2019.
The film concerns the investigation of the murders of two people who are members of the same psychic club by Scotland Yard's only female detective Mrs Pym.
As well as solving the murders Mrs Pym also has to deal with unhelpful male colleagues and her good-natured but dumb assistant Inspector Shott.
The men's pole vault competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 14 July at the Estadio Sixto Escobar.
On February 25, 2016, 58-year old Greg Gunn, an African-American man, was shot dead by Aaron Cody Smith, a young, white police officer, in Montgomery, Alabama.
He then drew his gun and shot Gunn five times; he died on the grass next to the home he shared with his mother.
Smith was charged with murder; the trial was moved from Montgomery after it was deemed there was too much media interest.
Lobb worked at the United States Naval Research Laboratory, the Scientific Instrument Research Association, and Surrey Satellite Technology; designing instruments for the European Space Agency and NASA.
During his career, Lobb designed laser projector-based flight simulators, optical instruments for satellites, imaging spectrometers for satellites, imaging spectrometers to measure environmental properties (such as water quality and air pollution), and a complex field splitter for James Webb Space Telescope.
The 2019–20 División de Honor de Hockey Hierba is the 54th season of the División de Honor de Hockey Hierba, the highest field hockey league in Spain.
The season began on 2 November 2019 and will conclude with the second match of the championship final on 10 May 2019 in Barcelona.
Club Egara are the defending champions, while Complutense entered as the promoted team from the 2018–19 División de Honor Masculina B.
The 1999 Generali Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Kitzbühel, Austria that was part of the Championship Series of the 1999 ATP Tour.
After beginning his youth career at the Evolution Sports & Health Academy in London, Bohui entered the youth system at Brentford in 2011.
He progressed through the youth ranks and was part of the U15 team which won the Junior Globe at the 2014 Milk Cup.
Bohui signed a scholarship deal at the end of the 2014–15 season and scored 9 goals in 22 appearances for the youth team during the 2015–16 season.
Due to the closure of the Brentford academy at the end of the 2015–16 season, Bohui had his contract terminated by mutual consent on 28 July 2016.
He progressed through the U18 team to the club's U23 team, but he twice rejected a new four-year contract at the end of the 2017–18 season and was released at the end of the 2018–19 season.
On 5 July 2019, Bohui moved to the Netherlands to join Eerste Divisie club NAC Breda on a two-year contract, with the option of two further years.
He won three England U17 caps during the second half of the 2015–16 season, with two coming during the Young Lions' unsuccessful 2016 UEFA European U17 Championship campaign.
Linda L. Tesar (born c. 1961) is a Professor of Economics and Director of Graduate studies at the University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LSA), the liberal arts and sciences school of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
She is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Editor-in-Chief of the IMF Economic Review.
She has been a visitor in the Research Departments of the International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
Her field of specialization is in international finance, international trade and macroeconomics, with significant research in the international transmission of business cycles and fiscal policy, the benefits of global risk-sharing, capital flows to emerging markets, the impact of exchange rate exposure, international tax competition and the challenges facing the euro area.
Her research has been published in the American Economic Review, the Journal of International Economics, the Review of Financial Studies and the Journal of Monetary Economics.
She has also served on the board of the University of Michigan’s Advance program, with the objective of improving institutional climate and supporting good practice in faculty recruitment, retention, and leadership.
She continued her education at the University of Rochester, where she received her M.A and Ph.D. in Economics in 1988 and 1990 respectively.
She joined the faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara for 7 years before she became a professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Michigan in 1997, where she served as Department Chair from 2007 to 2011.
Together with Andrei A. Levchenko and Logan T. Lewis, Tesar explores the collapse in international trade during the most recent global recession.
During the examination of data, a 40% shortfall is revealed in quantities and prices of both domestic absorption and imports, relative to what would be predicted by a simple import demand relationship.
They find that sectors used as intermediate inputs experienced significantly higher percentage reductions in both imports and exports while exploring a sample of imports and exports disaggregated at the 6-digit NAICS level.
In contrast to the climate of opinion, they did not find support for the hypothesis that trade credit played a role in the recent trade collapse.
This paper studies the economically large and statistically significant increase in acquiring firm's stock price when a developed country multinational firm acquires majority control of a firm in an emerging market.
Along with Anusha Chari and Paige P. Ouimet, Tesar explores two decades (1986–2006) in which developed-market acquirers experienced positive and significant abnormal returns of 1.16%, on average, over a three-day event window.
it is revealed that these positive acquirer returns and dollar value gains are unique to emerging-market mergers, and the gains are not replicated when the same acquirers take over firms in developed markets.
The stock price increase is significantly more in two scenarios: the weaker the contracting environment in the emerging market and for industries with high asset intangibility.
They argue that if there is cross-country heterogeneity in the distribution of price differentials within a country, then there is no clear reference point from which to set a standard for the effect of the border.
Ariel Burstein, Christopher Kurz and Tesar conclude in this paper that countries that are more engaged in production sharing exhibit higher bilateral manufacturing output correlations.
They analyze data on trade flows between US multinationals and their affiliates, as well as trade between the United States and Mexican maquiladoras to measure production-sharing trade and its connection with the business cycle.
They develop a quantitative model of international business cycles that generates a positive link between the extent of vertically integrated production-sharing trade and internationally synchronized business cycles.
A key assumption that is made in the creation of the model is a relatively low elasticity of substitution between home and foreign inputs in the production of a vertically integrated good.
Casey was born on February 19, 1996 in Oak Ridge, North Carolina, and raised in the city of Greensboro where her parents exposed her to country music and Slipknot.
As a teenager, her family moved to Estonia for her father's studies, spending a year there before relocating again to Riga, Latvia.
Since September 2019, the song has been used in over 400,000 videos on the app, and has gained over 10 million streams on Spotify alone.
The Soviet Union defeated Israel in the Zone A final, and Spain defeated Hungary in the Zone B final, resulting in both the Soviet Union and Spain being promoted to the 1985 World Group.
With 15 out of 79 seats, it is a part of the incumbent regional government coalition together with the Social Democrats and the Centre Party.
The main idea of the party is that more of the regional tax revenue should go to health care, while less money should be spent on political leadership and administration.
He is best known as the CEO of Norwegian Air Shuttle (since the 1st of January 2020), Scandinavia's largest airline, and Europe's third largest low-cost airline.
Singer-songwriter Sam Swinson formed the band with Adam Pressley while in high school; they were later joined by multi-instrumentalist Nate Hahn.
Despite initial popularity in and around Normal, Illinois, and several do-it-yourself releases, Swinson's heroin addiction and recovery caused the band to disintegrate.
The songs were written while Swinson was in drug rehabilitation and during relapse, and recorded after Swinson contacted Pressley and Hahn as part of a twelve-step program.
The castle was built most probably when Ksani eristavs moved from Kvenipnevi to Akhalgori and obtained Ikorta as one of their residences.
The Ikorta church served as the burial place for eristavs, and currently numerous gravestones can be found inside and around it.
The exact construction time is not known, and presumable dates to the 17th-18th century, when Ksani eristavs lead the rebellion against Iran.
The vast lower part contained the Ikorta church and probably the dukes' palace, and only fragmentary traces of the wall can be found scattered around, as well as a tower in the southeastern part.
Continuing the fight of his ancestors, Riroroko has advanced the position Easter Island should be its own country separate from Chile.
• Total: Lokomotiv Plovdiv with 19 higher finishes, Lokomotiv Sofia with 33 higher finishes (as of the end of the 2018–19 season).
This is a list of all teams and players who have ended up as a runner-up in the final of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its inception in 1887.
Francis Evrard (born July 12, 1946) is a French-Belgian serial rapist and pedophile, whose rise to notoriety came following his 2007 abduction, kidnapping and rape of a 5-year-old boy from his hometown of Roubaix, in Nord.
Evrard was born on July 12, 1946, to a modest family of laborers in Roubaix, in which he was the only child.
After release, Evrard left for Belgium, where he was arrested for carrying a plumb revolver and concealing burglary material, then emptying the poor boxes of churches.
In 1969, he assaulted a young boy in Mouscron, for which he was interned for 4 years in a specialized institute, before being deported from the country.
In 1975, he was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for sexual violence against a minor, as judged by the cour d'assises of Douai in the North.
Only six weeks after his release, Evrard abducted 5-year-old Enis K.. After approaching the boy in the street while he was playing outside his family home, Francis convinced Enis to follow him with the promises of toys.
He had to start hormone treatment for chemical castration, but on the day of his release, Evrard bought a box of Viagra from the pharmacy, with the order given by a doctor at the Caen prison before his release.
The lawyer believed that it could not be possible to judge Francis Evrard fairly, without also considering what had happened before the crimes themselves.
The lead prosecutor of Douai, Luc Frémiot, who was in charge of the case, requested life imprisonment, but Evrard was instead sentenced to 30 years imprisonment, including a 20-year mandatory prison sentence.
The family of Enis K. announced in 2010 that they intended to sue the state, for failing to take proper care of the pedophile.
During Byers' tenure, the Wingfoots transitioned from the Midwest Basketball Conference (MBC) in 1936–37 into the NBL in 1937–38 (its inaugural season).
In basketball, he was named to the All-Missouri Valley Conference first-team twice, as both a junior (1926) and as a senior (1927).
He then played semi-professionally for the Akron Firestone Non-Skids in 1930–31 and 1931–32 while they were an amateur industrial league team.
Glam-A-Geddon (also known as Glam-A-Geddon 25 or Glam-A-Geddon 25/30/40) was a concert tour co-headlined by the heavy metal bands Mötley Crüe and Poison and glam rock band New York Dolls.
The tour was called Glam-A-Geddon 25 from some sources because 2011 marks the 25th anniversary of Poison's debut Look What the Cat Dragged In.
In Asian art a lotus throne, sometimes lotus platform, is a stylized lotus flower used as the seat or base for a figure.
Among other symbolic meanings, it rises above the water environment it lives in, and is not contaminated by it, so providing a model for Buddhists.
According to the Pali Canon, the Buddha himself began this often-repeated metaphor, in the Aṅguttara Nikāya, saying that the lotus flower raises from the muddy water unstained, as he raises from this world, free from the defilements taught in the sutra.
In art the form is first seen as a base for rare early images of Laxmi from the 2nd century BCE; many or most of these may have a Buddhist context.
However it first becomes common with seated Buddha figures in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara around the late 2nd or the 3rd century CE.
In early Buddhist art it may be intended to specifically depict the second of the Twin Miracles in the legend of the Buddha's life.
In some accounts of this, when engaged in a contest with sorcerers, the Buddha multiplied himself into other bodies, which sat or stood on lotus flowers.
Most often petal shapes both rise and fall from the dividing line, but sometimes the upper part of the throne represents the prominent flat-topped seed head as a base for the figure, perhaps with circles for the holes holding the seeds, as in maturing lotus heads.
The bingdi lotus is a particular strain with two back-to-back flowers on each stem, but it is not clear if this influenced the form in art.
In East Asian paintings, and also modern Hindu paintings, the lotus throne is often depicted more realistically in terms of its shape (though obviously not its size).
A famous relief of Gaja-Laxmi in Cave 16 at Ellora shows a pond of lotus leaves and budding flowers as a vertical panel below the throne.
Alternatively, stalks may climb up to support lotus thrones underneath minor, smaller, figures, as in the early terracotta plaque illustrated above, where stalks rise at the side to support the elephants lustrating Gaja-Laxmi.
The lotus plant in lotus thrones is often imagined as growing out of the cosmic ocean, and a few images represent the plant below the water level, with a stem also representing the world axis.
Janbolat Mamai () (born 15 June 1988) is a Kazakh journalist, political activist, leader of Democratic Party of Kazakhstan, editor of the Tribuna newspaper.
Mamai then continued his studies at the Abylay Khan Kazakh University of International Relations and World Languages at the Department of English Philology.
He personally covered and commented on other publications about the rights of protesting oil workers and criticized the authorities regarding the prosecution of oil industry protesters, referring to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and international laws that Kazakhstan has ratified and which guarantee citizens the right to peaceful rallies and protests.
Since September 2012, Mamai is the head of an independent newspaper Tribuna, which published highly critical materials regarding the current government and a number of officials.
Thus, the newspaper supported Max Bokaev and Talgat Ayan, human rights activists and civic activists who were sentenced to 5 years in prison for participating in a peaceful protest.
Several times, Tribuna was unable to pay for lawsuits, closed and then came out under a different name, retaining its direction.
On 10 February 2017, in Almaty, at the editorial office of the independent newspaper Tribuna, in the apartments and relatives of Mamai, Imanbai, the accountant of the newspaper, and the founder of the newspaper publishing company, searches were conducted in the house of politician Tulegen Zhukeyev as a part of investigative actions carried out by the National Anti-Corruption Bureau regarding the alleged theft of money at BTA Bank.
Mamai was suspected of committing a criminal offense, however he denied his guilt and on 11 February, made a statement that he considers his persecution to be politically motivated.
In the late evening of 11 February, investigating judge Baidauletova announced the decision to arrest Mamai for two months for the period of the investigation, and on 20 February, the court of appeal of the civil panel of the Almaty city court upheld this decision.
On 21 February, after a meeting between Mamai and his lawyer Janara Balgabaeva, it became known that on 17 February, without explanation, he was transferred from the quarantine of cell a pre-trial detention center to the cell where prisoners were serving a sentence for particularly serious crimes.
In his cell, Mamai said that he was beaten with a loss of consciousness which was shown by abrasions and bruises on his body that were visible during a visit by the special prosecutor for supervision of places of detention.
Mamai also dealt with extortionists who demanded an amount of 2,000,000 tenge which was later reduced to 200,000 tenge, by calling from the camera to the telephone of Mamai's wife Inga Imanbai who received death threats.
The women's basketball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines from 4 to 10 December.
Cuneta Astrodome was also previously considered as a potential venue for 5-on-5 basketball while the SM Mall of Asia Activity Center was considered to host the 3x3 basketball competitions.
Typography is a field of art and printing which involves examining and studying fonts, selection of typefaces, printing and book binding.
Because avant-garde artists began to diverge from the existing methods, their works didn’t reach a wider audience and were only appreciated in narrow cultural circles.
Although writers and publishers were trying to make typography exclusive, it was actually growing in popularity - also within people not related to literature.
However since 1925 avant-garde typography had been spreading to the cities of western and eastern Europe and, as a result, the previous cities gradually lost their relevance.
In 1924 two exhibitions important for development of avant-garde typography were organized: one by Ljubomir Micić (the First International Zenitistic Exhibition of New Art in Belgrade) and the other by Ion Vinea and Marcel Iancu (the First International Exhibition Contimporanul).
Among the most important Polish artists were Władysław Strzemiński and Mieczysław Szczuka – in their works they were referring to poetry and valued the art of publishing (printing) books more than other forms of art.
Władysław Strzemiński is recognized as the precursor of avant-garde typography in Poland – he was one of the first artists to set aside the primal shape of letters.
He thought the content was not as important as the way it was presented because in order to understand the message of a poster/cover, one had to understand what the artist tried to communicate with the arrangement of words or each letter.
As a form of inspiration, architecture also began to lose its value because avant-garde artists were drawing their ideas from paintings and graphics.
Jan Tschichold, the creator of one of many definitions and the most known theoretician of avant-garde typography stated that its basic rules should be lack of symmetry, contrast and total freedom of creation.
Even though the creators weren’t inspired by the works of West-European artists, the magazines weren't published only in their native language but also in German, French and Italian.
For young artists avant-garde typography wasn't only a change in art but also in their lives – they gave up on prewar values as well.
That’s why it was so important to them to publish information not only about art but also about different things important for their jobs and lives.
Most frequently these were people from the left-wing and they often used their works to express opinions about current political situation.
Władysław Strzemiński, Katarzyna Kobro, Mieczysław Szczuka, Lajos Kassák, László Moholy-Nagy, Lászlo Péri, Ljubomir Micić, Tadeusz Peiper, Karel Teige, Ion Vinea, Marcel Iancu, Wassily Kandinsky, El Lissitzky, Alexander Archipenko, Robert Delaunay, Ossip Zadkine.
The Cache Creek Ocean is an inferred ancient ocean which existed between western North America and offshore continental terranes between the Devonian and the Middle Jurassic.
First proposed in the 1970s and referred to as the Anvil Ocean, the oceanic crust between the Yukon composite terranes and North America was later updated to Cache Creek Sea in 1987 Monger and Berg, before being renamed the Cache Creek Ocean by Plafker and Berg in 1994.
The geology of Yukon and geology of Alaska formed in part due to the accretion of island arcs and continental terranes onto the western margin of North America.
The Cache Creek Belt (also referred to as the Cache Creek suture zone or Cache Creek terrane) is an extensive area of mélange and oceanic rocks in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
Sedimentary rocks contain fossils from the Carboniferous through the Middle Jurassic and isotopic dating of blueschist gives ages 230 and 210 million years ago in the Late Triassic.
The Cache Creek Belt is bordered by the Quesnellia terrane in the east and by the large Stikinia terrane in the west.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity but there has been recent suggestion that this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
In the field of epigenetics, histone acetylation (and deacetylation) have been shown to be important mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
Acetylation of histone H4 on lysine 16 (H4K16Ac) is especially important for chromatin structure and function in a variety of eukaryotes and is catalyzed by specific histone lysine acetyltransferases (HATs).
H4K16 is particularly interesting because this is the only acetylatable site of the H4 N-terminal tail, and can influence the formation of a compact higher-order chromatin structure.
Hypoacetylation of H4K16 appears to cause delayed recruitment of DNA repair proteins to sites of DNA damage in a mouse model of the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson Gilford progeria.
The bromodomain of TIP5, part of NoRC, binds to H4K16ac and then the NoRC complex silences rDNA with HATs and DNMTs.
Increased H4K16ac in old yeast cells is associated with the decline in levels of the HDAC Sir2, which can increase the life span when overexpressed.
The 2021 Caribbean Club Championship will be the 23rd edition of the Caribbean Club Championship (also known as the CFU Club Championship), the first-tier annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU), a sub-confederation of CONCACAF.
The winners of the 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Championship will qualify to the 2022 CONCACAF Champions League, the second and third place teams will qualify to the 2021 CONCACAF League, while the fourth place team will play against the winners of the 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield in a playoff match to determine the final Caribbean spot to the 2021 CONCACAF League.
Among the 31 CFU member associations, four of them were classified as professional leagues and each may enter two teams in the CONCACAF Caribbean Club Championship.
The CONCACAF League playoff will be played between the 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Championship fourth-placed team and the 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield winners, as long as the Shield winners comply with the minimum CONCACAF Club Licensing requirements for the CONCACAF League, with the winners qualifying for the 2021 CONCACAF League preliminary round.
Very Rev James Hendry (sometimes shown as Henry) MA (1852–1927) was a Free Church of Scotland minister and missionary who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1909.
He returned to Scotland in 1894 and from then until death he was minister of the High (Free) Church in Forres.
The following is a list of artists and bands associated with the city pop music genre during the late 1970s and 1980s (not necessarily solely city pop artists).
The list does not include acts associated with the resurgences and revivals of the genre that have occurred from the 1990s onward.
Groups and artists with aliases are listed by the first letter in their name, and individuals are listed by their surname.
The TCOB was first proposed in 2004 by then Vietnamese Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải during a state visit to China.
The list is annexed to a joint communiqué of state leaders including Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc who attended the 2nd Belt and Road Initiative Forum in April 2019.
Despite continuous affirmations of the Vietnamese government to develop TCOB progress has stalled due to tensions over disputes in the South China Sea and border and naval clashes between 1979 to 1991.
There is even sensitivity by the Vietnamese government to blending together the profiles of the TCOP and Belt and Road Initiative because of public perception.
The $868 million project is mostly financed by preferential loans from the Export Import Bank of China with the remainder of funding from the Vietnamese government.
The country is a member of the Silk Road International Alliance of Art Museums and Galleries, an organization of the National Art Museum of China and 21 art museums or major fine arts institutions.
The Bostwick Historic District, in Bostwick, Georgia, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
The John Bostwick, Sr. House, built in 1902, is an excellent representative example of a Georgian House, a two-story house with a central hallway on each floor with two rooms on either side, representing the Neoclassical Revival style.
The character-defining features of the house include a full-height entry porch with lower full-width porch, truncated hipped roof, and wide cornice band.
Moon was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs six months after being designated Coordinator for Afghanistan.
René-Veillet Park, located at #1050 Parklane Street in the heart of the Greenfield Park borough of Longueuil, in Quebec, Canada has a set of amenities for sports and other types of recreation.
Parc René-Veillet is located in the heart of the eastern appendix of the Greenfield Park territory, which is enclosed by the territory of the borough of Saint-Hubert.
The René-Veillet Park was designated by the city of Greenfield Park on October 14, 1990 to honor the memory of René Veillet (1943-1990), a native of Sainte-Thècle, Quebec, in Mauricie.The latter had made an outstanding contribution to municipal and sporting activities in Greenfield Park.
René Veillet was appointed deputy mayor for three periods: August to November 1984, August to November 1986 and August to Oct. 1988.
During his two terms on the municipal council, René participated in the Finance Committee and chaired the Fund Committee employee pension.
Garfield entered the University of Wisconsin intending to study anthropology, but graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in education and a minor in mathematics.
She chose the University of Minnesota hoping to work with Donovan Johnson, whose works she had read, but he had retired and she instead worked with his student Robert Jackson.
She earned a master's degree in mathematics education from the University of Minnesota in 1978, and while working on it was encouraged by statistician Raymond O. Collier Jr. to continue for doctoral studies.
Garfield began teaching at University of Minnesota faculty in 1979 as a summer mathematics instructor, as a way of supplementing her income as a graduate student, and remained at the university for the rest of her career, becoming a full professor in 2002.
She chaired the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics Education in 2003, and in the same year was president of the American Educational Research Association Special Interest Group for Educational Statisticians.
Captain Mohan Narayan Rao Samant, MVC (1930 – 20 March 2019) was an officer of the Indian Navy, who was awarded with the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second-highest gallantry award.
Samant played an important role in the covert operation called Naval Commando Operation X, which was instituted in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
In April 1971, before the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 started, the Naval Commando Operations (X) began training more than 400 Bengali college students and eight submariners as marine-warfare soldiers to carry out covert operations inside the erstwhile East Pakistan.
It involved attacking the vulnerable maritime shipping associated with East Pakistan to cutoff logistics and supplies to Pakistani forces in East Pakistan, thereby easing the advance of the Indian Army.
Commander Samant (who later became a Captain) was one of them and was responsible for the field execution of Operation X.
The other two officers were Admiral SM Nanda, then chief of the Indian Navy, and Captain MK Roy, then director of India's Naval Intelligence.
Damage or complete destruction was inflicted on about 60,000 tonnes of shipping during Operation Jackpot, which was executed by 176 soldiers under the leadership of Samant.
Overall, the operation resulted in around 100,000 tonnes of logistical and supply shipping being sunk or damaged; the operation emerged as the largest covert maritime operation in history, being bigger than those which were undertaken during the Vietnam War and World War II.
Captain Samant led an attack involving three gunboats on Pakistani ships on the Pussur River during the period between 7–10 December 1971.
Samant subsequently became the first chief of the newly created Bangladesh Navy and was awarded the 'Friend of Liberation war' honour.
He died after a cardiac arrest at the age of 89 on 20 March 2019 at 11.53 AM in the Arogya Nidhi Hospital located in the suburbs of Mumbai.
Mary C. Albuquerque ( born about 1890 – died after 1952), known professionally as M. C. Albuquerque or MC Albuquerque, was an Indian physician.
She trained as a doctor at Madras Medical College, and in England at the London School of Medicine for Women, where she earned a diploma in medicine, surgery, and midwifery in 1916.
During World War I, Albuquerque was a resident medical officer on the staff of the Essex County Hospital in Colchester; she and Flora Nihal Singh were the first women doctors and the first Asian doctors on the staff.
On her return to India, Albuquerque worked with Jerusha Jhirad at the Bangalore Maternity Hospital, as senior obstetrician from 1922 to 1925.
She was a member of the local reception committees when the Indian Science Congress met in Bangalore in 1932 and in 1951.
Seitumer Emin (, ; 15 May 1921 – 21 March 2004) was a Crimean Tatar writer, civil rights activist, and Soviet partisan during World War II.
When he was only seven years old his father died, after which he worked as a shepard on a collective farm to help his mother.
After the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Emin volunteered for the Army and was deployed to Odessa, where he fought in the defense of the city until he was evacuated to Sevastopol.
During the later days of the defense of the city he was wounded and taken to a hospital, and after recovering he was sent to Tuapse, Adgeya.
However, he managed to get permission to be sent to Crimea as a partisan, where he worked with other Crimean Tatar leaders and writers including Jebbar Akimov, Refat Mustafayev, and Shamil Aladin.
Upon arrival in Bekabad he worked in the construction of the Farhad hydroelectric station, where he organized a theater ensemble at the construction site.
Despite living under strict conditions and harsh penalties for defying the Soviet government, he participated in the Crimean Tatar Civil Rights Movement from his early days in exile, meeting in secret with other prominent Crimean Tatars, where they read poetry mourning the loss of their beloved Crimea and founding the National Movement of Crimean Tatars.
After working as a cinema director he became an editor at the fiction publisher in Tashkent, where he worked from 1967 to 1972.
His works included poems and short stories such as «Беяз чечеклер», «Атешли куньлер», «Козьлеринде кедер сездим», «Бульбульнинъ эляк олувы», «О кузь чечеклерини север эди», and «Хатырлав».
Having become a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR in 1967, he was admitted to the Union of Journalists of the USSR in 1968.
He continued to write about Crimea in both Russian and Crimean Tatar, but his participation in the Crimean Tatar movement led to him having to leave Central Asia.
He resettled in Novorossiysk, which was closer to Crimea, but due to the lack of a sizable Crimean Tatar population, his ability to participate in the Crimean Tatar movement was somewhat stifiled and it was harder to get his writings in Crimean Tatar published, since almost nobody in Novorossiysk was fluent in the language.
He later continued his work with the Crimean Tatar movement, becoming one of the organizers for the July 1987 Moscow picket for the right of return, where he gave a speech.
After the publication of the newspaper, he and other participants in the march faced intense persecution for their role in it.
Despite ongoing persecution of activists in the Crimean Tatar movement, he continued to support the cause; he eventually got his works published in Crimea in the late 1990's, but he lived in Novorossiysk for the remainder of his life.
After he died on 21 March 2004 he was buried there, and in 2014 a monument in his hometown of Albat was erected in his memory.
Gold Allure (Japanese: ゴールドアリュール, foaled March 3rd, 1993) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2003 February Stakes.
One Shot was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on October 5, 2017 at the Gilt Nightclub in Orlando, Florida.
In February 2004, just a month after holding its Reloaded event, MLW owner Court Bauer closed the promotion due to financial problems.
It was also confirmed that longtime hockey commentator Rich Bocchini as well as longtime World Championship Wrestling famous play-by-play announcer Tony Schiavone would provide commentary for One Shot, marking Schiavone's return to professional wrestling since WCW's closure in 2001.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
On July 24, MLW announced that his opponent would be Shane Strickland and the two would compete in the main event of One Shot, thus it also being the first match to be announced for the event.
On September 5, MLW.com announced that Maxwell Jacob Friedman would compete at One Shot, with Jimmy Yuta named as his opponent on September 21.
On September 19, MLW.com announced that Barrington Hughes would compete at One Shot, billing him as the first super heavyweight to compete in MLW.
Near the end of the match, MJF faked a jaw injury and distracted the referee as he kicked Yuta in the groin and pinned him with a roll-up for the win.
Allin raised his knees up to block a frog splash by Cade and then applied a figure four leglock on Cade and pinned him for the win.
After a back and forth match, Lawlor raked Cobb in the eyes and then pinned him with a sunset flip for the win.
Lawlor was interviewed after the match, during which he insulted the crowd for not cheering for him and challenged fellow mixed martial artist Matt Riddle to a match for MLW's next event Never Say Never.
The crowd wasn’t super hot all night, but they were good for Sami Callihan vs. MVP and Shane Strickland vs. Ricochet.
Matt Riddle responded to Tom Lawlor's challenge for a match via Twitter and signed a contract with MLW, thus accepting Lawlor's challenge for a match at Never Say Never.
Parrow's attack on Saieve Al Sabah after losing their tag team match at One Shot would lead to a match between the two at Never Say Never.
On October 27, an exclusive video was posted on MLW.com in which Darby Allin was revealed as one of the attackers.
The duo of Havoc and Allin challenged Strickland to a hardcore tag team match at Never Say Never, which Strickland accepted and chose John Hennigan as his partner.
It was later owned and lived in by Abraham McAfee, who was a captain in the local militia and was the second sheriff of Morgan County.
A later owner named James Finney added Greek Revival and Italianate features to the house, including the front door surround and decorative brackets supporting the eaves.
The North Bay Outlet was an outlet of a proglacial lake that preceded present day Lake Huron, where it discharged its waters near present day North Bay, rather than a more southerly route, as the Laurentian glaciation receded.
Glacial rebound raised the land around the outlet, leading to increased water levels in the lake, and finally the lake water finding a lower outlet.
The 2008–09 NCAA Division III men's ice hockey season began on October 17, 2008 and concluded on March 21 of the following year.
In 2015, Canadian filmmakers and husband and wife Maziar Ghaderi and Patricia Marcoccia started filming a documentary about Canadian psychology professor Jordan Peterson, who was little-known at the time.
Her interest in Peterson grew from there and in 2015, finally approached him with the idea of making a documentary, which he agreed to.
For the first year-and-a-half, the initial focus of the film was Peterson's personal and professional life, and his friendship with Kwakwakaʼwakw artist Charles Joseph.
Until the fall of 2017 Ghaderi and Marcoccia funded the project themselves, after which they were able to secure a budget to complete it.
One segment involved an interview with an anonymous private investigator who had started to collect evidence against Peterson in a case that was to be brought to the International Human Rights Tribunal.
Having completed the documentary, Marcoccia intends to finish the initial film that she and Ghaderi had started in 2015, prior to Peterson's rise in fame.
r/AmItheAsshole, also known as r/AITA or AITA, is a subreddit on Reddit where participants post conflicts they were in and other participants tell them if they are in the wrong, or an asshole.
Initially created in June 2013, the community has grown to more than 1,500,000 subscribers as of November 2019 and is ranked as one of the most active communities on Reddit.
Participates that comment give an explanation for their reasoning and choose one of the four different votes: YTA = You're the Asshole, NTA = Not the Asshole, ESH = Everyone Sucks Here, NAH = No Assholes Here, and INFO = Not Enough Info.
In April 2019, a post from a person asking if they were the asshole for not wanting to get up and feed their twin babies at night received coverage from publications including PopSugar.
In May 2019, a post from a person asking if they were the asshole for wanting a salary as a stay-at-home parent received coverage from publications including PopSugar.
Very Rev William Fraser (1851–1919) was a Free Church of Scotland minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1912.
He was born in Kilmorack in Invernessshire in 1851, the son of william Fraser, an apprentice mason, and his wife, Margaret Chisholm.
He studied Divinity at New College, Edinburgh from 1882 to 1884 and was trained as a minister for the Free Church of Scotland.
In the Union of 1900 between the Church of Scotland and Free Church of Scotland he remained in the independent Free Church of Scotland.
Santini was born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, and took up harmonica at age 15 after hearing Blues Traveler vocalist and harmonica player John Popper.
He moved to Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of 21 where he mastered playing the blues in clubs on Beale Street.
Santini has shared the stage with notable artists such as Beth Hart, Gary Clark Jr., Charlie Musselwhite, Randy Houser, Parmalee, Bernie Marsden, Maggie Bell, The Record Company and members of Live.
The 2019–20 UNC Wilmington Seahawks men's basketball team represents the University of North Carolina at Wilmington during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Seahawks are led by interim head coach Rob Burke who took over for C. B. McGrath after an 0–6 start to conference play.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Guinea is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Guinea, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Guinea and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Guinea and the pope.
In 1948, the Holy See established the Delegation to Dakar led by Marcel-François Lefebvre to represent its interests in French colonial Africa.
Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone.
Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Delegations to Guinea, Togo, Mali, and Mauritania on 21 May 1973.
His father Fazlul Haque Mani the nephew of founding father of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the founder of Bangladesh Awami Jubo League, a youth wing of Bangladesh Awami League.
In each episode a well-known Dutch person's life is discussed based on an interview that was recorded five years earlier and kept in a vault for years.
In 2017 NPO decided to no longer broadcast the show and the show then moved to the RTL 4 channel owned by RTL Nederland.
The men's decathlon competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 12 and 13 July at the Estadio Sixto Escobar.
Anurag Singh (Born 24 April 1971) is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly, Uttar Pradesh of India.
His father, Om Prakash Singh had been cabinet minister in Kalyan Singh government as well as state president of Uttar Pradesh.
Anurag Singh contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate and defeated Samajwadi Party candidate Jagtamba Singh Patel by a margin of 62,228 votes.
The Rolland-Veillet Park is a public park located at the intersection of Bussières and Mercedès-Bourgeois streets, in the western part of the town of Val-d'Or, in the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.
Roland Veillet was the warden of the parish of Saint-Sauveur (Val-d'Or), from 1939 to 1946, president of the Club Richelieu, and commissioner and president of the Val-d'Or Regional School Board.
His mother is a professional touring singer who has performed with Bruce Springsteen, the Rolling Stones, Whitney Houston and Luther Vandross, among others.
Fuller played in all 13 of the Buckeyes games as a true freshman, playing mostly on special teams with 71 snaps played on defense and making 11 tackles.
He finished the season with 70 tackles, including a team-leading 57 solo stops, two tackles for loss and two interceptions and was named third team All-Big Ten Conference and was named a Big Ten Distinguished Scholar.
He was named second team All-Big Ten by the league's coaches and honorable mention by the media and was named an Academic All-American.
Fuller entered his senior season on the Jim Thorpe Award and Bronko Nagurski Trophy watchlists and was named a second team preseason All-American by the Associated Press.
Fuller was named a semifinalist for the Jason Witten Man of the Year award and the Lott IMPACT Trophy and a finalist for the William V. Campbell Trophy.
The first competition weekend of the 2019–20 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held at the Minsk Arena in Minsk, Belarus, from Friday, 15 November, until Sunday, 17 November 2019.
Kozlov won the Gnesin Music Academy Competition which enabled him to enter college at age 15 and study electric bass guitar.
Skwitz was a 19th-century Austrian card game of the fishing type for 2 to 8 players that was said to be of English origin.
Despite its supposed English origin, possibly in a game called Quits, there appears to be no record of it being played there.
Each player needed a dish for their own chips or coins ('pool') and a larger dish for the pot was recommended.
The game is described for two to eight players, however, the number of cards dealt to the players and the table at the start and the number of cards drawn by each player during each deal varies depending on the number playing.
The following rules are summarised from the Vanderheid / house calendar account and assume four players and a stake of 4 chips.
The dealer then places 4 cards, in line and face up, on the table before handing the remaining stock to forehand, the player on his right.
The rules list numerous instances of breaches for which the penalty is invariably the payment of half the stake (2 chips) to each of the other players.
The 1997 Generali Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Kitzbühel, Austria that was part of the World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour.
John Baskerville (by 1517-77), of Chanstone Court, Vowchurch and Eardisley, Herefordshire, was a Member of Parliament for Herefordshire in April 1554 and 1555.
The Line 1 station was opened on 27 March 1983 as part of the extension of the line from La Hoyada to Chacaíto.
The Line 3 station was opened on 18 December 1994 as the northern terminus of the inaugural section of the line, from Plaza Venezuela to El Valle.
As a 16-year-old high school student at Stuyvesant High School and captain of the school mathematics team, Wilmer won second place in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search in 1987, for a project involving 3-coloring of graphs.
The first place winner that year was also female, marking the first year that the top two prizes both went to women.
As an undergraduate at Harvard University, she led the university's mathematics team, which under her leadership won the first Mathematical Contest in Modeling of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and she was one of the two inaugural winners of the Alice T. Schafer Prize of the Association for Women in Mathematics for excellence by a woman in undergraduate mathematics.
The clan is present also in Villaricca, Quarto, Pozzuoli, Qualiano and in the district Camaldoli of Naples (place of origin of the Polverino family).
The clan started as a ramification of the Nuvoletta clan, but has become independent and one of the most powerful groups of the Camorra over the time, surpassing the Nuvolettas that in 90s were going through a very difficult time, thanks to the large efforts of the Italian police to overthrow the organization.
Taking advantage of these years, Giuseppe had to start building his own clan, managing to bring to him, emerging members of the Camorra from Marano such as the Simioli and Ruggiero families.
Giuseppe Polverino, was dubbed the 'hashish king', due to his monopoly on the importation of hashish from Morocco to Italy via Spain supplying not only all the Camorra clans, but also the 'Ndrangheta, the Sicilian Mafia and the Sacra Corona Unita.
According to one of the pentitos of the clan, Domenico Verde, the hashish was cultivated in the region of Ketama, and arrived by mules in the beginning, but later was modernized and accessible on trucks and cars.
According to the authorities in Spain, the Polverino clan is the most powerful Camorra clan acting in the country, due to the number of people they have installed and because of the potential of their structure.
Polverino has a great entrepreneurial capacity, investing in the tourism-hotel sector in Italy and Spain, one of the top money launderers of the clan was Luigi Esposito, that according to reports, was able to quadruple the money of the organization.
Esposito, who for a long time was a trusted member of the Nuvoletta clan, started working for the Polverino clan, and was arrested in September 2019.
Giuseppe Polverino was arrested on March 6, 2012 in an apartment in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain and extradited to Italy after two months.
After his arrest, Giuseppe Simioli, his right-hand man, had taken the reins of the organization, but was also arrested in July 2017 for mafia association, drugs and arms trafficking.
In 2019, relatives of top members belonging to the clan claim three million euros to the Spanish State of compensation after their relatives were acquitted by the National Court of the crime of money laundering for which they were arrested in 2013 and tried in 2016.
The plaintiffs are all relatives of the late Giuseppe Felaco, who was allegedly an important member of the Polverino clan based in the Canary Islands, they assure that this Spanish police operation against their family has been a great economic damage, apart from a moral damage.
Vallefuoco is considered one of the biggest drug traffickers in Italy and was included on the list of the 50 most wanted fugitives.
Also in 2019, the Italian police with the cooperation of the Spanish police, arrested two members of the clan, who belonged to a major transnational organizational structure, created by the Polverinos, based in Valencia and Naples, that between 2001 and 2012 imported hashish from Morocco via Spain to arrive in the Campania region.
On December 6, 2019, Silvano Pennino and Nicola Di Nuzzo, two important drug traffickers working for the clan in Spain, were released from jail.
According to the investigations, Candela, who was a member of the Polverino clan, was killed because he was managing his business independently, and no longer responding to the clan.
Her primary education is from Wayamba Royal Collage, and then she attended Maliyadewa Balika Vidyalaya for rest of the education, until she completed her Advanced Level.
The 2019–20 Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball team represents the College of the Holy Cross during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Crusaders, led by first-year head coach Brett Nelson, play their home games at the Hart Center in Worcester, Massachusetts as members of the Patriot League.
Annie Anzieu (April 1924 – 10 November 2019) was a French psychoanalyst and essayist who published a series of psychoanalytic studies.
She co-founded the Association for Child Psychoanalysis with Florence Guignard in 1984, and the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychoanalysis (SEPEA) ten years later.
In the text, a Frankish ruler named Charles regulates the labour services of peasants in the region of Le Mans in western Francia.
The text has often been used as evidence for Charlemagne's regulation of the peasantry in the early Middle Ages, for instance by Rachel Stone and Chris Wickham.
However, it has been suggested that the text was not in fact issued by Charlemagne, though it is still important evidence for attitudes to the peasantry and labour in early medieval Europe.
Sir John Boughey, 2nd Baronet (1784-1823), of Betley Court, Staffordshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme (UK Parliament constituency) 1812-1818 and Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency) 1820 - 27 June 1823.
It is situated north of the Canada–United States border, southeast of Chilliwack, and northwest of Canadian Border Peak, which is its nearest higher peak.
Mount McGuire is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount McGuire is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The women's pentathlon competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place at the Estadio Sixto Escobar.
It was the first edition where the 800 metres was contested instead of the 200 metres as part of the pentathlon.
Wads Creek drains of area, receives about 49.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 432.61 and is about 57% forested.
He later went on to become an investment banker for Goldman Sachs, where he structured and marketed corporate equity derivatives for four years.
Levine was also a high school Latin teacher and a court clerk for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit.
Four of the seven constituencies had a single candidate, with voting in the other three taking place on 11 February (Saint Patrick County and Tobago) and 3 March (Caroni County).
The Legislative Council had 12 official members (civil servants), six nominated members, seven elected members and the Governor, who served as the legislature's speaker.
The franchise was limited to people who owned property in their constituency with a rateable value of $60 (or owned property elsewhere with a rateable value of $48) and tenants or lodgers who paid the same sums in rent.
The voting age for women was lowered from 30 to 21 prior to the elections, significantly increasing the number of people eligible to vote.
The restrictions on candidates were more severe, with candidature limited to men that lived in their constituency, were literate in English, and owned property worth at least $12,000 or from which they received at least $960 in rent a year.
Four of them – Arthur Andrew Cipriani, Francis Evelyn Mohammed Hosein, Timothy Roodal and Sarran Teelucksingh – were elected, whilst A. Bonnet was defeated in Tobago.
It has a two-story double porch in the middle of its main facade, with square columns; the upper porch has a wooden balustrade.
Port of Naissaar (port code EE NAI, ) is a seaport situated on the eastern coast of Naissaar island, Viimsi Parish, Estonia, located in northern area of Tallinn Bay.
Faiz Mattoir (born 12 July 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ajaccio in the French Ligue 2.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Bern (; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Swiss Confederation.
The permanent mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, World Trade Organization and Other International Organizations is located in Geneva.
At that time, the embassy also represented Indonesia at the United Nations Office at Geneva and for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
In 1967, a new permanent representative office for the United Nations in Geneva was established and the embassy no longer represented Indonesian interests in that organization.
In 1972, the Indonesian government purchased a building at Elfenauweg 51 and the chancery has been at this location since then.
The Legislative Council had 12 official members (civil servants), six nominated members, seven elected members and the Governor, who served as the legislature's speaker.
The franchise was limited to people who owned property in their constituency with a rateable value of $60 (or owned property elsewhere with a rateable value of $48) and tenants or lodgers who paid the same sums in rent.
The restrictions on candidates were more severe, with candidature limited to men that lived in their constituency, were literate in English, and owned property worth at least $12,000 or from which they received at least $960 in rent a year.
Mill Creek drains of area, receives about 49.2 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 448.46 and is about 34% forested.
These five scores were averaged, multiplied by 3, and multiplied by the dive's degree of difficulty to give a total dive score.
The company's e-commerce platforms host content from individual sellers, indie creators and major publishing companies such as Chaosium, Fantasy Flight Games, White Wolf, and Wizards of the Coast.
Mathe made attempts to reach out to established publishers of other types of games, but many were hesitant about selling digital versions, worried that would increase piracy or cannibalize existing print sales.
Despite the many advantages that accrue to first-movers into a new market segment [...], I personally prefer to be a second-mover into many business opportunities.
In 2010, OneBookShelf launched a print on demand program and then in 2012, the company launched a new digital storefront called DriveThruCards for custom card products.
Wieck said:So, going forward, our offensive content policy is simply going to be this: Offensive Content: We'll know it when we see it.
[...] Any title in which racial violence, rape, torture, or a similar subject is treated as a central feature will naturally be subjected to increased scrutiny.
Being able to activate their own titles for sale with our marketplace tools gives publishers additional control over their release marketing timing and generally gets RPG products to market more quickly.
In November 2018, it was announced that in February 2019 the RPGNow digital storefront would be shutdown and redirected to the DriveThruRPG digital storefront.
By 2004, when I and a few others started DriveThruRPG, we were the Johnny-come-lately to the pioneering work James had already done with RPGNow.
Nevertheless, it was through the resulting friendly business rivalry between DriveThruRPG and RPGNow that I got to know and soon came to respect James.
In 2015, OneBookShelf launched a new card creator web application as part of DriveThruCards in partnership with Paizo Publishing for the Pathfinder Adventure Card Game.
In 2016, OneBookShelf launched a new digital storefront in partnership with Wizards of the Coast called the Dungeon Masters Guild (DMsGuild).
The DMsGuild took that a step further by allowing individuals and third party publishers to create and sell content based on the Forgotten Realms.
As of 2019, content can now be based on other Wizards of the Coast intellectual property such as Ravenloft, Eberron, and Ravnica.
After the success of the DMsGuild, OneBookShelf continued to partner with other publishers to allow individuals to create and sell content based on intellectual property on the DriveThruRPG website.
In April 2019, it was announced that DriveThruRPG had partnered with Astral Virtual TableTop (Astral) and the virtual tabletop platform received a major update.
The book takes place in China and tells the story of a boy named Fish who is blown into the air after buying a kite.
Julia Pavón or Julia Pavón Benito (born 1968) is a Spanish historian and Professor of Medieval History at the University of Navarra in Pamplona.
In 2012 she became the director of that department until in 2019 she was promoted to be the Vice Dean of Academic Planning of Philosophy and Letters.
This project was born in 2004 with the aim of cataloging and geographically positioning the monasteries of medieval women, existing from the beginning of the Middle Ages until the middle of the 16th century.
These five scores were averaged, multiplied by 3, and multiplied by the dive's degree of difficulty to give a total dive score.
Recital of the Dog is a 1993 novel by David Rabe, and is notable as his first novel to be published.
It is about a painter who kills his elderly neighbor's dog, then loses his grip on reality, descends into madness and begins behaving as if he were the neighbor's dog, leading him to commit a series of grisly murders.
However, he takes pity on his neighbor, an Old Man who is miserable without the dog, believing it to have been kidnapped.
The painter makes visits to the Old Man's home, in an attempt to keep him company, but when Old Man treats him sadistically, the painter soon finds himself impulsively acting like the Old Man's dog.
By the time the painter has returned home, he has so lost his sanity that he begins to suspect his wife of mistreating their 5-year-old son, Tobias.
Planning a violent confrontation with his wife, he decides to prime himself by going on dates with various women, often murdering them.
At times, he feels as though he is witnessing a mysterious male figure interrupting the crime scenes; this may be Death incarnate.
Having felt remorse about his earlier crime, the painter returns to the Old Man and confesses to having killed his dog.
As a form of parity, the Old Man resolves to force the painter to kidnap his son, Tobias, and bury him alive inside a suitcase underground.
After Tobias is buried alive, a fight ensues between the painter and the Old Man, ending with the Old Man getting killed in a car wreck.
One of his last acts in life is to paint a self-portrait, on his cell walls, of himself with a dog's face, and the hair of his female victims.
He looks forward to this, as he has inexplicably become cold on a constant basis, and believes that death by electrocution will provide him with warmth.
In a televised interview with Charlie Rose, Rabe explained that he got the idea for the story after a friend told him about having to deal with an acquaintance who'd shot his neighbor's dog.
He was then transferred to Andersonville, Georgia and Florence, South Carolina before he escaped from Confederate imprisonment in February 22, 1865.
Joseph Hooker collected the type specimen of this species from Campbell Island, and it has been recently collected there as well.
The Two Reds is a 1950 picture book written by William Lipkind under the name Will and illustrated by Nicholas Mordvinoff under the name Nicholas.
The Council at Fili was a military council, which, in accordance with the Military Charter, was convened on September 13, 1812 during the Patriotic War of 1812 by Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Kutuzov in the village of Fili, west of Moscow.
The question was asked whether, after the Battle of Borodino that did not reveal the winner, to try to give another battle near Moscow or to leave the city without a fight.
On the eve of the council, formations of the Russian Army were located west of Moscow to give battle to Napoleon's troops.
Despite a severe fever that tormented him for several days, Barclay de Tolly inspected the battlefield on horseback and came to the conclusion that the position was fatal to the formations of the Russian army.
The same conclusions after him came, having traveled to the location of the Russian troops, to Alexei Ermolov and Karl Tol.
In the light of these reports, Kutuzov faced the question of the need to continue the retreat and surrender of Moscow (or giving a battle right on the streets of the city).
The council was attended by generals Mikhail Barclay de Tolly, delayed on the way Leonty Bennigsen, Dmitry Dokhturov, Alexei Ermolov, Peter Konovnitsyn, Alexander Osterman-Tolstoy, Nikolay Raevsky, who was very late, Karl Tol, Fedor Uvarov, and General Paisiy Kaysarov who was on duty that day.
The main sources of information about the council are the memoirs of Raevsky and Ermolov, as well as a letter from Nikolai Longinov to Semyon Vorontsov in London.
Bennigsen, who opened the meeting, formulated a dilemma – to give battle in an unfavorable position or to surrender the ancient capital to the enemy.
Kutuzov corrected him that it was not about saving Moscow, but about saving the army, since you can count on victory only if the combat-ready army is preserved.
Barclay de Tolly proposed retreating to the Vladimirsky Tract and further to Nizhny Novgorod, so that in the event of Napoleon's turn to Petersburg, he would have time to block his path.
The latter pointed out that the army exhausted by the battle of Borodino was not ready for a new equally large-scale battle, especially since many commanders were disabled by wounds.
This decision required a certain courage, since the measure of responsibility for the surrender of the historical capital to the enemy was very large and could result in the resignation of the commander-in-chief.
At the end of the council, Kutuzov summoned the quartermaster-general Dmitry Lansky and ordered him to ensure the supply of food on the Ryazan road.
After two day crossings, the Russian army turned from the Ryazan road to Podolsk onto the old Kaluga road, and from there onto the new Kaluga one.
As part of the Cossacks continued to retreat to Ryazan, the French scouts were disoriented, and Napoleon for 9 days had no idea about the whereabouts of the Russian troops.
Based on the Tolstoy literary basis, the artist Alexei Kivshenko painted two paintings of the same content depicting the main characters on the 70th anniversary of the council, the first in 1880 (stored in the Russian Museum), the second in 1882 (Tretyakov Gallery).
For reasons of economy of timing, among all the council members in the film, the word was given only to Kutuzov and Bennigsen (the latter speaks Russian on the movie screen, which he did not actually speak).
The hut of the peasant Mikhail Frolov (often mistakenly called Andrei Sevastyanovich Frolov or, following Leo Tolstoy, Andrei Sevastyanov), in which the council took place, burned down in 1868, but was restored in 1887, since 1962 – a branch of the Borodino Panorama Museum.
Reliably the initial appearance of the hut is known thanks to a number of studies carried out in the 1860s by Alexei Savrasov.
At Lomonosov State University he matriculated in 1986 and received his doctoral degree in 1990 with thesis advisor Vadim Aleksandrovich Malyshev.
He became a naturalized Brazilian citizen and was a full professor at the Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) in Rio de Janeiro from 1999 to 2015, when he moved to China.
At New York University Shanghai (NYU Shanghai), he was a professor of mathematics and also served as the deputy director of NYU Shanghai's NYU-ECNU (East China Normal University) Institute of Mathematical Sciences from 2015 until his death in 2019 at age 55.
In 1978, he began working as an assistant public defender in the Second Judicial Circuit, a position he held until 1981.
In August 2000, the Judicial Nominating Commission for the First District Court of Appeal sought applicants to replace Judges James Joanos and Arthur Lawrence, whose terms expired in January 2001.
Lewis applied for the seats, and on November 17, 2000, Governor Jeb Bush announced that he was nomating Lewis to replace Judge Lawrence.
Following Lawrence's retirement two months later, Lewis was sworn in to the seat, becoming the second African-American judge to serve on the court.
The Most Wonderful Doll in the World is a 1950 picture book written by Phyllis McGinley and illustrated by Helen Stone.
Formed in the aftermath of the 2011–12 protests, the PAM first came together in March 2013 by opposition youth groups and former MPs.
Their aims included the creation of an elected government, a return to the previous voting system, and the legalisation of political parties.
The group was created by members of the Popular Action Bloc, including Ahmed Al-Sadoun and Musallam Al-Barrak, who became the group's general secretary.
In June 2015, general secretary Al-Barrak began serving a two-year prison sentence following criticism of Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah in a speech three years prior.
His research interests include communication services, IT architectures, knowledge media, mobile networking, networked gaming, network mechanisms & quality of service, peer-to-peer networking, network security & trust and ubiquitous computing.
Steinmetz studied electrical engineering at the Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), where he received his doctorate in 1986 on the subject of modularized Petri nets for the description and analysis of telecommunication systems with meshed information-processing structures.
After further activities in research and management at Philips and IBM from 1987 to 1996, Steinmetz habilitated in 1994 at the department of computer science of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University on the subject of multimedia technology and their fundamentals, components and systems.
Since 1996 Steinmetz is professor at the department of electrical engineering and information technology and the department of computer science of TU Darmstadt.
Steinmetz has contributed significantly to more than 900 publications and has written several textbooks on multimedia technologies, some of which are standard works in teaching.
In August 2019, supporters of the People's Mujahedin of Iran held a protest rally in Finland against Iran's foreign minister Javad Zarif.
342 Iranian men are in a registered relationship with a Finnish woman, and 126 Iranian women are in a registered relationship with a Finnish man.
He proposed and led a successful campaign to change the school's mascot from a Confederate rebel to an American Revolutionary War rebel during the 1981–82 school year.
Through the Marines' Delayed Entry Program, he attended Syracuse University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in communications and political science.
After fighting in the Gulf War, he left active-duty in the military to get an MBA from Harvard University but he remained in the reserves.
He was part of the I Marine Expeditionary Force, which led the assault into southern Iraq at the start of the Iraq War.
The photo, which was taken by American war photographer Chris Hondros, is considered one of the iconic images of the war.
Helen Varick Boswell (1869-1942) was a prominent figure in the Woman's National Republican Association and the General Federation of Women's Clubs.
In 1907 she traveled to the Panama Canal Zone under the auspices of then secretary of war, William Howard Taft, where she worked to organize women's clubs for the wives and daughters of American employees.
Pellarini's design was a low-winged, all metal tractor configuration monoplane with a T-tail, powered by a Lycoming O-360 flat-four piston engine driving a constant-speed propeller.
A retractable tricycle landing gear was fitted, although the production of versions with fixed landing gear was considered for operations in the bush.
Victa had committed to production of the two-seat Airtourer (which had been ordered in much larger numbers than the R-2), and chose to develop a four-seater derivative of the Airtrainer, the Aircruiser, which was expected to be cheaper to build than the R-2, instead of continuing to develop the R-2.
Pellarini left Victa, and later went on to design the Transavia PL-12 Airtruk agricultural biplane, although attempts by Pellarini to build a development of the R-2 as the Transavia PL-13 were unsuccessful.
The battery fought at Norfleet House and Suffolk in 1863 and at Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor, the Petersburg assault, Chaffin's Farm, the Petersburg siege, and the Appomattox campaign in 1864–1865.
Five Bad Men is a 1935 American western film directed by Clifford S. Smith, starring Noah Beery Jr., Bill Patton, and Jay Wilsey.
Rev James Maciver (born 1955) is a Free Church of Scotland minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 2011.
He was born at Aird Tong in 1955 on the Isle of Lewis and studied Hebrew and Medieval History at Glasgow University from 1981 to 1984, graduating MA.
In 2016 he moved to be minister of the Free Church on Kenneth Street in Stornoway to replace Rev Iver Martin.
The building, which was designed in the Neoclassical style, dates from 1735 but was substantially rebuilt after a major fire in 1855.
A tunnel was built from courthouse to the basement of the town gaol (now part of Down High School) in 1857.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place for Down County Council.
In 1918, when Britain granted limited suffrage to women property holders, the law did not apply to British citizens in other parts of the Empire.
Though both women and men presented petitions to the British commissions sent to evaluate Indian voting regulations, women's demands were ignored in the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms.
In 1919, impassioned pleas and reports indicating support for women to have the vote were presented by suffragists to the India Office and before the Joint Select Committee of the House of Lords and Commons, who were meeting to finalise the electoral regulation reforms of the Southborough Franchise Committee.
Though they were not granted voting rights, nor the right to stand in elections, the Government of India Act 1919 allowed Provincial Councils to determine if women could vote, provided they met stringent property, income or educational levels.
Between 1919 and 1929, all of the British Provinces, as well as most of the Princely states granted women the right to vote and in some cases, allowed them to stand in local elections.
The first victory was in the City of Madras in 1919, followed by the Kingdom of Travancore and the Jhalawar State in 1920, and in the British Provinces, the Madras Presidency and Bombay Presidency in 1921.
The Rajkot State granted full universal suffrage in 1923 and in that year elected the first two women to serve on a Legislative Council in India.
In 1924, the Muddiman Committee conducted a further study and recommended that the British Parliament allow women to stand in elections, which generated a reform on voting rights in 1926.
This created fractures among women's groups, who aligned on one side in favour of universal suffrage and on the other in favour of maintaining limited suffrage based on educational and economic criteria.
With limited input from women, the report from the three Round Tables was sent to the Joint Committee of the British Parliament recommending lowering the voting age to 21, but retaining property and literacy restrictions, as well as basing women's eligibility on their marital status.
All further action to expand suffrage was tied to the nationalist movement, which considered independence a higher priority than women's issues.
Provisions for elections were adopted in July, India gained its independence from Britain in August, and voting rolls began being prepared in early 1948.
The final provisions for franchise and elections were incorporated into the draft constitution in June 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950, the enforcement date of the Constitution of India.
The advent of World War I and the use in propaganda rhetoric of terms like 'self-determination' gave rise for hope among middle-class Indians that change was imminent.
For English-educated elites, who had predominantly become urbanised and depended on professional income, British rule was beneficial, but they also recognised that restrictions on their wives impacted their own careers.
The practice of secluding women meant that they were unable to educate children or serve as hostesses or helpmeets to further their husbands' advancement.
Entwined with Indian nationalists, Indian feminists sought support from British suffragists as well as their own autonomy, which prevented the development of a unified identity or set of demands from women.
When he was ousted in 1917, his replacement, Edwin Montagu, gained approval to organise with Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India, a consultation for a limited political devolution of British power.
In 1917, Margaret Cousins founded the Women's Indian Association in Adyar, Madras, to create a vehicle for women to influence government policy.
Founding members included S. Ambujammal, Annie Besant, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Mary Poonen Lukose, Begam Hasrat Mohani, Saralabai Naik, Dhanvanthi Rama Rau, Muthulakshmi Reddy, Mangalammal Sadasivier, and Herabai Tata.
When it was rejected on the grounds that the commission's research was limited to political topics, she revised her application, focusing on the presentation of political demands of women.
When it was approved, on 15 December 1917, Sarojini Naidu led a deputation of 14 leading women from throughout India to present the demand to include women's suffrage in the new Franchise Bill under development by the Government of India.
Besides Naidu and Cousins, members of the delegation included Besant, Parvati Ammal, Mrs. Guruswamy Chetty, Nalinibai Dalvi, Dorothy Jinarajadasa, Dr. Nagutai Joshi (later known as Rani Lakshmibai Rajwade, Srimati Kamalabai Kibe, Mrs. Z. Lazarus, Mohani, Srimati S. Naik, Srimati Srirangamma, and Tata.
In addition to the women physically present, telegrams of support were sent to Montagu by Francesca Arundale, Abala Bose, Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, Mrs. Mazur-al-Haque, Uma Nehru, Mrs. R. V. Nilakanta, Miss H. Petit, Ramabai Ranade, and Shrimati Padmabai Sanjiva Rao.
The British Parliament passed the Representation of the People Act 1918, enfranchising women over the age of 30, who were entitled to be, or who were married to someone entitled to be, a local government elector.
In 1918, the provincial legislatures in Bombay and Madras passed resolutions supporting the elimination the sex disqualification for voting, and women gained the endorsement for suffrage from the Indian Home Rule League and the All-India Muslim League.
When the Indian National Congress convened in December, Chaudhurani presented a resolution to the Congress to grant suffrage, which was taken under advisement pending the outcome of consultations with the remaining provincial legislatures.
The Southborough Report published in April 1919 acknowledged that educated women might be qualified, but concluded that overall women were not ready for the vote, nor would conservative sectors of society support their enfranchisement.
In July women in Bombay organised a protest meeting and when Lord Southborough sent his report to the Joint Select Committee of the House of Lords and Commons the Bombay Committee on Women's Suffrage sent Tata and her daughter Mithan to give evidence along with Sir Sankaran Nair.
They were very successful in their pleas, causing the India Office to be inundated with resolutions of support for women's suffrage in India.
Tata and her daughter participated in a second presentation before the Joint Select Committee on 13 October and were present for the final reading of the Government of India Act in December 1919.
The Act did not grant women suffrage, but included a clause that Indian provinces could enfranchise women if they chose to do so.
It limited suffrage, barring most of India's middle class, as it restricted the vote to those who had an annual income of more than ₹10,000–20,000; land revenues in excess of ₹250–500 per annum; or those recognised for their high level of public work or scholarship.
The law empowered the Imperial Legislative Assembly and the Council of State to grant the right to vote in those provinces in which legislative franchise had been approved, but the British Parliament retained the right to determine who could stand as candidates for the Legislative Councils.
By combining their goals, both nationalists and feminists benefited by articulating their common issues, resulting in more supporters to help with resolving their challenges.
By linking gender equality with the removal of colonial restrictions, women were able to defuse opposition, but not eliminate it entirely.
Members of the 45 branches of the Women's Indian Association began to agitate locally for voting rights, submitting demands to their various councils and the focus shifted from India-wide agitation to the provincial level.
The Madras City Council passed Municipal Act IV in 1919, which gave women the right to vote, but not the right to stand in elections.
Women activists including Besant, Chetty, Cousins, Jinarajadasa, Lazaras, Reddi, Rama Rau, Mangalammal Sadasiva Iyer, Rukmini Lakshmipathi, Mrs. Ramachandra Rao, Mrs. Mahadeva Shastri, Mrs. C. B. Rama Rao and Mrs. Lakshman Rao, continued pressing for the same rights as male electors.
In 1921, the Madras Presidency voted to remove the restriction on standing for elections at the local level, striking the sex qualification for women.
Later that year, the Bombay Legislative Council passed legislation removing sex as a disqualification for voting, though educational and property qualifications remained.
Founded by Abala Bose, who had supported the delegation to the Montagu Inquiry, members included Kumudini Bose, R. S. Hossain, Kamini Roy, and Mrinalini Luddhi Sen. Nellie Sengupta was also active in Bengal in agitating for women's rights.
Though a resolution for women's suffrage was presented in September, it was defeated by a vote of 56 to 37, largely on the basis of arguing that granting enfranchisement would allow prostitutes to vote.
In April 1922, the Kingdom of Mysore's Legislative Council granted women's suffrage, followed by approval in the province of Burma in June.
That year, the United Provinces Legislative Council unanimously granted women's suffrage and the Rajkot State not only granted full universal suffrage but elected two women to serve on the Council.
As the princely kingdoms were not bound by the restriction for women standing for election, Rajkot became the first place in India where a woman was elected to the council.
When the Muddiman Committee came to India to assess the implementation and progress made on the implementation of the Act of 1919, the wife of Deep Narayan Singh stressed to the Committee women's desire to participate in the legislature.
The Committee made no change to implementation by provincial authorisation, but did recommend that the bill be reformed to allow women to be elected to legislative positions.
An affiliate of the International Council of Women, the group, which included Marahani of Baroda, Tarabai Premchand, Dowager Begum Saheb of Bhopal, and Cornelia Sorabji, strove to maintain connections with the British and focused on petition politics.
That year, the British Parliament allowed the Government of India to amend the electoral rules granting women the right to become legislative members and Madras granted the right for women to stand in elections for the Provincial Legislative Council.
Also in 1926, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, an active worker in registering women to vote, became the first woman to stand for a legislative seat in the British provinces, but lost by a small margin.
Recognizing improvements in education depended on a revision of social customs, the organisation worked on social and legal issues that benefited women with the aim of improving the nation.
Though they qualified for registration under the same terms as men, the income requirements meant that only about 1 million women were able to vote or stand in elections.
Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, tensions arose among various women's groups depending on whether or not they supported the British schemes for extending franchise.
These tensions were brought about by the appointment in 1927, of the Simon Commission, which was tasked with developing a new India Act.
In response, the Nehru Report, which came out of the All Parties Conference of 1928, was drafted to recommend that dominion status be given to India within the British Commonwealth.
Because the leaders of the nationalist movement were against the seven white men on the commission deciding the fate of Indians, the Women's Indian Association refused to meet with commissioners, as did the All India Women's Conference.
When Gandhi began the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, the British response was to ban the Indian National Congress and arrest its leadership.
Initially he was reluctant to have women participate, but its non-violent aspect appealed to women and soon thousands of women from throughout India were participating in violating the salt laws.
When the men were arrested, women stepped in to continue manufacturing and selling salt to defy the British monopoly and continue the movement.
Proving their leadership abilities, the women held daily councils to plan the day-to-day activities, including protesting at liquor and shops that dealt in imported cloth.
For example, they scheduled shifts of four women a day twice a day for two hours, to picket at each of the 500 liquor shops in Bombay.
When the Round Table Conference was scheduled in London for 1930, initially the Women's Indian Association reversed their boycott, submitting a memorandum which stressed how women's co-operation had been shown to be valuable in resolving political problems.
Those chosen to participate with the commission included Begum Jahan Ara Shah Nawaz and Radhabai Subbarayan, though the British appointed them without consulting any women's organisations.
They agreed to accept interim measures expanding suffrage to literate women and granting special reservations of four legislative seats to encourage women's input on education and social issues.
Cousins and Reddy of the Women's Indian Association, Shareefa Hamid Ali and Rajwade from the All India Women's Conference, and Premchand from the National Council of Women in India jointly prepared a memorandum supporting universal suffrage with no special reservations.
A delegation of women, led by Rani Lalit Kumari (Dowager Rani of Mandi), and including Mrs. Ahmad, a former council member from the United Provinces Legislature and Satyavati Singh Chitambar, president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of India, recommended that women be enfranchised based upon marriage.
The recommendations originating from the committee included being a wife or widow, having attained the age of 25 and whose spouse met (or had met before death) the property requirements of 1919.
When the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 was signed, and the Indian National Congress agreed to participate in the round table process, women supporting the nationalist aims agreed to participate as well.
At the Second Round Table Conference held that year, suffragists of the Women's Indian Association, National Council of Women of India, and the All-Indian Women's Conference submitted a joint memorandum demanding full adult franchise.
They rejected sex disqualification for candidacy, employment, holding public office, or voting, as well as special provisions to make places for women in the legislature.
The memorandum was presented by Naidu, but Subbarayan countered with a recommendation for 5% of the legislative seats over the next three election cycles to be reserved for women.
As there was no agreement among the Indian delegates, the Second Round Table recommended that each provincial legislature have seats allocated for specific communities and 2.5% of the overall seats be reserved for women.
The three major suffragist groups were disappointed and sent a telegram to the Viceroy expressing their frustration with communal organisation of seats.
Though she supported limited suffrage, when a White Paper was developed for a Joint Select Committee of Parliament, she urged Amrit Kaur and Reddy to prepare a case and select a delegate to testify before the committee.
Throughout the summer of 1933, the women, including Nawaz, toured Britain and tried to gain support from British suffragists for Indian women's voting rights.
Eligibility for women voters was revised under the act to include women aged 21 or over who met the same property qualifications as men, who were literate in any language in use in India, and who were wives or widows of a person who had paid income tax in the prior financial year or had served in the Royal Military.
Once again women from the Women's Indian Association, National Council of Women of India, and the All-Indian Women's Conference issued a joint statement of their dissatisfaction with voting being tied to marital status, income and property requirements that excluded the majority from voting, and special privileges that treated men and women differently.
The Government of India Act 1935 extended the vote to include around 6 million women, but even so covered only 2.5% of the women in India.
The struggle to further expand the franchise was tied to the drive to gain independence, though independence took priority over women's issues.
In 1938, the Indian National Congress set up a subcommittee, which included Ali, Chaudhurani, Kaur, Naidu, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Rajwade, Mridula Sarabhai, and Jahanara Shahnawaz.
Working with members of the Women's Indian Association and the All India Women's Conference, they focused on a society reordered so that men and women were equal partners, demanding equal status and opportunity with full political rights.
They also recommended schemes to develop child care, health, and social insurance services; a uniform civil code which protected the economic rights of women and provided protection for children's rights, equal rights to marriage and divorce, guardianship, and nationality; and uniform educational standards regardless of gender.
Similarly, that same year the All-India Muslim League established a sub-committee for women and encouraged their participation in fundraising, mass processions and public meetings.
Though they were able to press for the passage of the Sarda Act of 1929, which raised the age of marriage, members of the Women's Indian Association and the All India Women's Conference were often rebuffed by the nationalist leaders in their attempts to legalise equality.
One of the very first actions of the Assembly was to establish universal adult suffrage, eliminating the gender, income, property, and educational restrictions on voting.
In April 1947, the Advisory Committee on the Subject of Fundamental Rights reported that both the Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee and the Minorities Sub-Committee agreed to the principal.
The Assembly also passed legally enforceable statutes to protect fundamental rights, such as guaranteeing equality and equal opportunity for men and women; eliminating discrimination on the basis of caste, race religion, or sex by either the government or an employer; and banning untouchability; among other provisions.
With the passage of the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British parliament, the Constitutional Assembly became the parliament of the Dominion of India on 15 August.
In November, the Secretariat of the Constituent Assembly sent out a memorandum regarding general elections to be held under universal adult suffrage and in March 1948, general instructions for preparation of electoral roles were issued to all the Provincial and State governments.
The instructions advised anyone who was a resident, of sound mind, and not a criminal of the age of at least 21 was entitled to be registered.
The goal was to have complete rolls drafted so that immediately after the Constitution was adopted elections for the new government could be held.
The provisions officially replaced those contained in the Government of India Act of 1935, thereafter being adopted by the Constituent Assembly in November 1949 for the formal enforcement date of 26 January 1950.
The Ghost Rider is a 1935 American western film directed by Jack Jevne, starring Rex Lease, Bobby Nelson, and Ann Carrol.
Since the 19th century, there have been several losses in both the Minnesota (north shore) and the Wisconsin (south shore) portion of Lake Superior.
It involves the attempt of various internet users from around the world to identify the authorship of an untitled new wave song whose artist or title have not been identified since its reported airing in a German radio station in 1984.
Further evidence that supports this as being the earliest possible airing date was the Technics tape deck that he used to record the song on which was manufactured in 1984 as well.
The mystery of the unidentified song gained viral popularity in 2019 when a Brazilian teenager named Gabriel da Silva Vieira began searching for evidence of its origin.
Some of the progress after the video's release was the posting of a complete clip of the song in July 2019 by a Reddit user and the communication with persons of interests to the search such as Paul Baskerville, the DJ of the show from which the song was likely taped, although he has stated that he does not remember the song.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Togo is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Togo, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Togo and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Togo and the pope.
In 1948, the Holy See established the Delegation to Dakar led by Marcel-François Lefebvre to represent its interests in French colonial Africa.
Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone.
Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Delegations to Guinea, Togo, Mali, and Mauritania on 21 May 1973.
After separating from the World Bank and other International Financial Institutions for decades due to pressure from the Soviet Union, Poland rejoined the World Bank on June 27, 1986.
The World Bank was instrumental in financing and providing technical assistance for Poland as it transitioned from a Command Economy into a Market-Oriented Economy.
As a middle income country, Poland has worked primarily with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development since it is not eligible for loans from the International Development Association.
Despite being a founding member of the World Bank Group (WBG), Poland, due to pressure from the Soviet Union, did not withdraw loans from the WBG until the early 90s.
Once Poland began transitioning away from the Soviet network, the WBG and its sister organization, the International Monetary Fund, provided funds and technical advice to facilitate Poland’s transition into a free-market democracy.
The World Bank was an extremely important source of financing because foreign capital was skeptical of Poland’s political and economic stability and its transition to a capitalist economy necessarily entailed the scaling back of state-directed investment.
SAL was intended to support Poland’s Economic Transformation Program (ETP) which aimed to stabilize the economy, integrate Poland into the global financial market, and create the foundation of a market-oriented economy.
In the WBG’s Performance Audit result, it found that SAL succeeded in restoring Poland’s credit worthiness, establishing the foundation of a market economy, and controlling inflation.
By 2000, Poland’s GDP was 127% that of its 1989 GDP which stands in contrast to other Communist successor states and their struggles.
As a consequence of Poland's relatively successful transition to the market, World Bank engagement with Poland in the 2000s was limited to efforts to wean Poland off of its reliance on coal: Green Investment Scheme, Coal Mine Closure Project, Poland Puck Wind Farm Project, etc.
After the Global Financial Crisis, Poland was one of the few countries that emerged without experiencing negative economic growth despite a general negative correlation between the extent of Neoliberal reforms and economic growth after the Global Financial Crisis for post-Communist states.
Consequently, Poland did not receive much attention from the International Financial Institutions since other members of the Eurozone were more adversely impacted.
While the World Bank has worked on projects with the Polish government that focused on stabilizing public finances by cutting government debt, Poland's governing party, Law and Justice pledged to increase healthcare spending by 41 billion USD by 2024.
Poland has 33 of the EU’s 50 most polluted cities which the NY Times attributes to its reliance on coal for energy.
The project aims to improve the government’s institutional response to flood and to provide it with ample infrastructure and technology to mitigate and predict the effects of potential floods.
Commensurate with its status as a middle-income nation, Poland is eligible for loans from the IBRD and not from the International Development Association.
The IBRD has primarily worked with Poland in pollution management and environmental health, infrastructure services for private sector development, and the restructuring of state-owned enterprises.
In 2010, MIGA issued guarantees which totaled 3.7 million USD to Dutch firm Linx Telecommunications and its Polish subsidiary Warsaw DC.
Through the establishment of a data center and expanding connectivity services, the project hoped to improving Poland’s Information and Communication technology, expand telecom networks, and boost local jobs.
Poland has had 7 investment projects, totaling 457 million USD, and 1 advisory project which totaled 5 million USD with the IFC.
The 1996 EA Generali Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Kitzbühel, Austria that was part of the World Series of the 1996 ATP Tour.
María Josefa Huarte Beaumont or mecenas; benefactora; Maria Josefa Huarte Beaumont (May 25, 1927 – February 8, 2015) was a Spanish art collector and philanthropist.
She is known for donating her modern art collection and a building to put it in to the University of Navarra.
She decided to leave her collection to the University of Navarra in 2008 and she commissioned the architect Rafael Moneo to build a home for it.
In January 2015, the Museum of the University of Navarra was inaugurated by King Felipe VI and houses her donated collection..
Her donated collection included not only paintings but also thousands of photographs by leading photographers going back to the nineteenth century.
The 1978 League of Ireland Cup Final was the final match of the 1977–78 League of Ireland Cup, a knock-out association football competition played annually by clubs affiliated with the League of Ireland.
The match was contested by Dundalk and Cork Alberts, and took place across two legs – with the first leg being played on 6 April 1978 at Oriel Park in Dundalk, and the second leg being played on 12 April 1978 at Flower Lodge in Cork.
They reached the final by defeating Shelbourne (2–1), Shamrock Rovers (1–0), Home Farm (1–0), and Sligo Rovers (on penalties after a 3–3 aggregate draw across two legs).
The first leg in Oriel Park saw Dundalk dominate the first half, yet approaching half-time they had failed to convert any of a number of chances.
In the final seconds of the half, Jimmy Dainty sprung the Alberts' offside trap, and crossed for Terry Flanagan to score.
The second half started in a similar vein, and Dundalk took a two goal lead in the 53rd minute – when Dainty headed a goal from a Mick Lawlor cross.
Dundalk continued to push, but were caught out in the 61st minute when Alberts' Gerry Finnegan chipped a loose ball over the Dundalk goalkeeper, Richie Blackmore, and into the net from 25 metres.
The second leg repeated the pattern of the first, with Dundalk making the early running and taking a 7th minute lead through Mick Lawlor, who scored a volley from 25 metres.
In the 21st minute Alberts equalised against the run of play, when Gerry Finnegan scored a free kick from the edge of the penalty area.
Alberts forced Dundalk to defend deeply in the second half, and eventually scored a second equaliser in the 62nd minute, when James Nodwell met a headed clearance on the half-volley to fire to the net.
With three minutes remaining Alberts were awarded a penalty, when Derek O'Brien was adjudged to have brought down Alberts winger Redmond Lane.
Alberts' player-manager Noel O'Mahony missed, and Dundalk's Tommy McConville scored, to send the cup to Oriel Park for the first time.
Right after the dissolution, different from other nations which experienced a relatively stable transition from planned economy to market economy, Tajikistan fell into a serious civil war.
As a result, the first mission after Tajikistan became the official member of the World Bank, was to recover its economy from bullets and blood.
In response to the crisis, the World Bank issued $6.25 million for the Emergency Food Security and Seed Imports Project in order to help at least 28000 households to release the food price pressure.
Coming into the 21st century, Tajikistan received financing from IDA and IBRD of the World Bank with respect to programs of healthcare, education, irrigation and agriculture.
Over the past years, Tajikistan has received over 130 projects of which 17 are active and a total of over $1.4 billion from the World Bank.
With the help of those projects, from 2000 to 2017, the poverty rate in Tajikistan had been decreased from 83% to 29.5%.
IFC, one of the sub-organization of the World Bank Group, is mainly responsible for funding projects in developing economies with respect to private sectors.
In 2015, IFC helped to collect a total of $16.5 million with $5 million from itself again for IMON International in order to boost Tajikistan's domestic private sectors.
In 2016, IMON International and the World Bank formed partnership in one of the World Bank Project - Agriculture Commercialization Project, providing advisory support and financing for small business and newly agriculture enterprises.
According to the World Bank report of Tajikistan in 2017, 21% of total annual GDP and 45% of total employment could be attributed to agriculture sector.
Second Tajikistan Public Employment for Sustainable Agriculture and Water Resources Management Project with $18 million from IDA helped approximately 43000 rural households in southern Khatlon region of Tajikistan in terms of higher crop production in 2013.
In 2014, the World Bank approved another $22 million for the Agriculture Commercialization Program which allocated $6.7 million to provide with technical support for produce marketing, $15.32 million to small business financing funds and $3.9 million to institutional reform.
Up until now, 80 technical advisors had already been trained and over 16000 farmers had received fund or advisory help from the World Bank.
The National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan - 2030 (NDS 2030) is the development goal proposed by current government up until 2030.
NDS 2030 claims to increase domestic incomes by up to 3.5% times and decrease current poverty rate by 50% in 2030 i.
In order to better help with this development goal, the World Bank suggests that NDS should transform its growth model giving more space for private investment.
In addition, Tajikistan and the World Bank Group also work together under the new Country Partnership Framework for 2019 - 2023 as part of the steps for realizing NDS 2030.
In this partnership strategy, the World Bank states that it will work with Tajikistan in terms of labor market improvement, job creation, private sector development, human capital cultivation and environment protection.
She has won national fiddling titles, including the National Oldtime Fiddlers Contest, and in 2013 she was inducted into the North American Old Time Fiddlers Hall of Fame.
Williams has disclosed that she relied on her friend and local musician Paul Wiley (originally from Kentucky) to help her learn several Monroe tunes before he arrived in Seattle.
In 1962, Vivian and Phil Williams formed a string band named 'The Turkey Pluckers' to play at square dances, coffee houses, and on television.
KAYO, a local country radio station, were broadcasting a milking contest from the top of the newly-built Seattle Space Needle and hired the Williams' band to play background music.
When a local square dance caller, Kappie Kappenman, heard this on the radio he rushed to the Space Needle with his group of eight young square dancers all decked out in western wear.
They got off the elevator at the top of the Space Needle and immediately began calling and dancing to the tune the Williams' were playing.
Williams also formed the all-female trio, White Pine Girls, just for fun in the mid-1960s with Barbara Hug on banjo and Carol Crist on guitar.
Vivian Williams began playing bluegrass music, but then drew from Scandinavian, Celtic, and old time musical influences including a unique Northwest style of fiddling.
Several musicians with Kentucky, North Carolina, West Virginia and Tennessee roots along with a few northern European immigrants gathered to play music frequently.
The typical jam session would place the women in the kitchen cooking/gossiping while the men played music in the living room.
There were outdoor picnics with the Tar Heel (North Carolina) folks where people would have a family table but share food with other tables.
Missouri folk’s picnics were similar except they were held in a more remote location near Lynden, Washington with fewer outsiders attending.
After extensive travel through Washington, Idaho and Montana, recording numerous old time fiddlers, she and Phil wanted to put their research into recordings.
Vivian Williams is known for performing at contra dances up and down the I-5 corridor in Washington beginning in the late 1970s.
When the Del McCoury Band was touring the Northwest in the 1990’s, He asked his fiddler player Jason Carter to spend time with Williams.
After getting an estimate for fixing it from David Saunders, one of the better known luthiers in Seattle, she checked with a Swiss immigrant who worked on instruments by the name of Hermann Bischoffberger.
She is a four-time winner of the West Coast International fiddle competition, three-time National Ladies Champion (, seven-time Washington State fiddle champion, Washington State Senior champion, and 1999 National Senior Champion.
She won the Smithsonian Fiddle Contest in Washington, D.C.. Williams has been a winner at least eight times at the National Oldtime Fiddlers Contest and Festival in Weiser, Idaho, including three National Champion wins in 1966, 1967, and 1968.
He was professor at BI Norwegian Business School from 1984 to 1986, and was appointed professor of international politics at the University of Oslo from 1987.
Rise of the Renegades (2019) was the second Rise of the Renegades professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on April 4, 2019 at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York City, New York.
In the main event, LA Park defeated Pentagon Jr.. Other prominent matches on the card included a Street Fight, in which Tom Lawlor successfully defended the World Heavyweight Championship against Jimmy Havoc and a Tables match between The Dynasty (Alexander Hammerstone, Maxwell Jacob Friedman and Richard Holliday) and The Hart Foundation (Brian Pillman Jr., Davey Boy Smith Jr. and Teddy Hart).
On October 5, MLW.com announced that a second card had been added to the April 4 television taping for April 5, which would be Battle Riot II.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
On December 14, it was announced that LA Park and the newly debuted Rush would compete in the main event of Rise of the Renegades.
Havoc took a hiatus from MLW in October until it was announced on February 25 that he would return to MLW at Rise of the Renegades.
It was teased that Havoc wanted a title shot against Lawlor due to being the last person to have beaten him thus far.
On March 5, it was announced that Havoc would receive a title shot against Lawlor for the World Heavyweight Championship in a New York City Street Fight at Rise of the Renegades.
Friedman then attacked Hart during a post-match interview along with his new teammate Richard Holliday, thus forming a new team called The Dynasty and began feuding with The Hart Foundation.
MJF took exception to Hart Foundation member Brian Pillman Jr. being awarded the 2018 Rookie of the Year by MLW management, which led to a match between the two at Rise of the Renegades.
On March 18, MLW.com announced that Hart Foundation and Dynasty would compete in a six-man Tables match at Rise of the Renegades.
On March 7, it was announced that Sami Callihan would return to MLW to take on Mance Warner at Rise of the Renegades.
On March 13, MLW.com announced that Minoru Tanaka would make his MLW debut against Daga at Rise of the Renegades as part of a talent exchange partnership between MLW and Pro Wrestling Noah.
On March 14, a middleweight match was announced between El Hijo de L.A. Park and Gringo Loco to take place at Rise of the Renegades.
Contra's attack on Romero led to his friend Barrington Hughes challenging Contra member Jacob Fatu to a match, which was made official by MLW on April 1.
On March 21, it was announced that Rey Horus would take on Ace Austin in a middleweight match at Rise of the Renegades.
Ricky Martinez and Salina de la Renta from Promociones Dorado interfered in the match by distracting Brazil but Brazil delivered a springboard diving crossbody to Martinez.
Near the end of the match, Fatu superkicked Hughes and nailed a springboard front flip senton to Hughes for the win thus ending his undefeated streak.
Contra Unit attacked Ki after the match while Martinez and Salina de la Renta turned on Ki by abandoning him instead of saving him from the assault.
Next, The Dynasty (Alexander Hammerstone, Maxwell Jacob Friedman and Richard Holliday) took on The Hart Foundation (Brian Pillman Jr., Davey Boy Smith Jr. and Teddy Hart) in a Tables match.
Near the end of the match, Holliday low blowed both Smith and Hart, leaving Pillman alone in the ring, which led to Hammerstone driving Pillman through a table in the corner with a running powerbomb.
Near the end of the match, King tried to perform a diving hurricanrana on Loco but Loco countered it into a powerbomb and followed it by hitting a double underhook powerbomb for the win.
The match ended in a no contest when El Hijo de L.A. Park and Ricky Martinez interfered in the match by attacking both men but Warner and Callihan cleared the ring to win the brawl.
After countering the first muscle buster by Fenix, Wolf countered a second muscle buster into a roll-up and pinned him for the win.
In the main event, LA Park took on Pentagon Jr. Salina de la Renta interfered on Park's behalf and Pentagon kissed her.
The feud between The Dynasty and The Hart Foundation continued as Dynasty's Alexander Hammerstone defeated Hart Foundation's Brian Pillman Jr. in the finals of a four-man tournament to become the inaugural National Openweight Champion at Fury Road.
Enrica Detragiache is the head of the Germany Desk of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the assistant director of the IMF's European division.
During Detragiache's graduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania, her advisors were former Chief Economist of the IMF Maurice Obstfeld, and Argentine-American economist Guillermo A. Calvo.
She then specialised as an advisor for the European department of the IMF in 2011, and then in 2012 became the assistant director of the European division of the IMF, where she remains today.
As Mission Chief for Germany, Detragiache visits the country on an annual basis as part of regular consultations under Article IV of the IMF's Articles of Agreement.
These trips can also be undertaken when a request is made to borrow IMF resources, or in order to monitor staff programs or economic development.
In 2016, Detragiache's German Consultation led her to find that domestic demand was leading German economic growth at the time, along with expansionary fiscal and monetary policy, but the possibility of Brexit posed a downward risk.
Detragiache has written many working papers for the IMF on financial crises, banking, labour migration and development economics, among other topics.
Her research has also been published in numerous academic journals, including the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, the American Economic Review, the Journal of Finance and the Journal of Development Economics.
Her research has been cited heavily, in particular research she has done on labour movement during the European Migrant Crisis, where Germany's open-door refugee policy led to the country accepting large numbers of refugees.
In an article from the Guardian in 2016, she is cited as saying that the negative effects of the refugee influx will be short-lived, and that adequate training of migrant workers would allow them to integrate into the domestic job market and provide a boost to the economy.
This 2008 research by Detragiache and Senior IMF Economist Thierry Tressel investigates the effects of the liberalization of banking systems on credit markets.
They account for the effects of institutional checks and balances on political power in the countries under consideration, as well as the enforcement of property rights.
They conclude that the benefits of liberalization reforms have only had beneficial effects on financial deepening in countries with strong institutions to protect citizens from state or elite expropriation.
Detragiache and fellow IMF economist Giang Ho wrote this working paper for the IMF in January 2010, in response to the 2008 financial crisis.
To research the effects of government intervention in financial crises, the two looked at banking crises in 40 different countries occurring over the years from 1980, in Argentina, to 2003 in the Dominican Republic.
They found that more fiscally risky attempts by governments to rescue failing banks do not lower the economic costs of these crises, and overall end up with worse post-crisis economic performance.
They also find that parliamentary, rather than presidential, political systems are more likely to put in place costly measures to rescue banks.
In terms of the methodology that Detragiache and Ho used for this paper, they estimated an empirical model measuring economic performance during the crisis, including a policy response index which they constructed.
This policy response index takes into account the magnitude of the commitment of public financial resources by the government, and ranges from a low of -2 in Argentina in 1989, to a high of 4 assigned to crises in Jamaica (1996), Sweden (1991), and Turkey (2000).
The researchers controlled for long-run growth potential in the various countries, as well as world economic growth over the crisis period.
In it, Detragiache recommends that Germany prepare for moderately higher inflation than usual, and that the country monitors its programs in place to address poverty.
She praises the prudent fiscal policy that Germany had been taking for its lowering of the public deficit, but says that there is now room to grow especially in terms of public investment in refugee integration programs, as well as kindergartens and after-school programs.
Detragiache has been cited in several news sources such as The Guardian, CNNMoney, Bloomberg, Reuters Deutschland, The Telegraph and German TV station Welt.
The Invasion of the Spice Islands was a military invasion by British forces that took place between February to August 1810 on and around the Dutch owned Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) also known as the Spice Islands in the Dutch East Indies during the Napoleonic wars.
By 1810 the Kingdom of Holland was a vassal of Napoleonic France and Great Britain along with the East India Company sought to control the rich Dutch spice islands in the East Indies.
Two British forces were allocated; one to the island of Ambon and Ternate, then another force would capture the more heavily defended islands of Banda Neira, following which any other island that was defended.
In a campaign that lasted seven months British forces took all of the islands in the region; Ambon was captured in February, Banda Neira in August and Ternate and all other islands in the region later that same month.
After the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the islands were handed back to the Dutch, but not after the East India Company had uprooted a lot of the spice trees for transplantation throughout the British Empire.
The presence of these sparked European colonial interest in the sixteenth century, starting with Portugal who virtually held a monopoly on the spice trade.
The English East India Company arrived soon after who in turn competed with the Dutch and had claimed the island of Ambon and the small island of Run.
After 1667 under the Treaty of Breda, both agreed to maintain the colonial status quo and relinquish their respective claims, which continued well in the 18th century.
During the war that followed Prince William V of Orange ordered the Dutch East India Company to hand over their colonies to the British to stop trade falling into French hands.
The VOC was officially dissolved in 1799; the overseas possessions then became Dutch government colonies (the Moluccas became part of the Dutch East Indies).
By 1808, most of the Dutch colonies had been neutralised in a series of brief but successful campaigns; the Cape was invaded and captured by Sir Home Riggs Popham in January 1806 and the island of Java by Sir Edward Pellew in a campaign that ended in December 1807.
The Dutch East Indies had to be taken by the British for a number of reasons; firstly it was necessary to subvert French power there before it entrenched itself too firmly to be dislodged easily by the British.
In 1806 Herman Willem Daendels became Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies and sought to defend the region against the British.
Using forced labour Daendels reinforced the garrisons, improved defences and built the Great Post Road in Java to counter a potential British threat.
In the middle of 1809 the Colonial Governor of India, 1st Earl of Minto wanted to set up two squadrons to conquer the Moluccas.
The second force intended to capture the Banda Islands, the heart of the Spice trade - notably the strongly defended island of Banda Neira.
The frigates and sloop carried a hundred officers and men of the Madras European Regiment, as well as sailors and Royal Marines, and twenty men and two guns from the Madras Artillery.
They departed from Madras and sailed via Singapore, where Captain Richard Spencer informed Cole that over 700 regular Dutch troops may be located in the Bandas.
A number of East India Company agents were in tow partially to look at the idea of uprooting all of the spice trees namely nutmeg and clove which they had done on a small scale during the islands previous occupation in the 1790s.
The primary consideration was the commercial advantage - the occupation of the Spice Islands meant not only a curtailment of the Dutch trade and power in the East Indies but also an equivalent gain to the company of the rich trade in spice.
By the middle of the following February they arrived off the island the most considerable of the Dutch Spice islands and seat of government.
These were defended by batteries along the beach as well as on some of the neighbouring heights and by Fort Victoria the main fort mounting a number of heavy guns.
As the elevations on the left and in the rear of the town commanded its defences, the British intended to assault them.
The British launched their attack on 16 February - the squadron at the same time occupied the attention of the Dutch by a vigorous cannonade.
The troops aided by seamen and marines led by a Captain Court were landed on the right of the bay unnoticed by the Dutch, capturing two batteries that overlooked the port and Fort Victoria.
British cannon fire from the ships and shore guns proved effective at showing considerable force - three ships were sunk in the harbour.
A summons was then given to the Dutch Governor Colonel Filz for the surrender of the island, and after a few hours the articles of capitulation were agreed upon.
The Dutch commander committed suicide by taking poison after he realised that he had surrendered to what was a relatively weak British force.
She had on board 10,000 dollars, the payroll of which were for the Dutch garrison at Banda Neira as well as provisions, a doctor, nurse, and twenty infants, on their way to conduct a vaccination campaign.
After sending all the Dutch officers and troops from Amboyna to Java, Captain Tucker sailed for the Dutch port of Gorontello, in the Bay of Tommine, on the north-east part of the island of Celebes in June 1810.
Although the Dutch flag was flying over Fort Nassau, the settlement was governed by a Sultan and his two sons on behalf of the Dutch.
The fort surrendered without opposition when Captain Tucker pointed out to the Dutch Governor that an English frigate, with guns ready to fire and volunteers waiting in her boats, was waiting to storm the Dutch position.
The main defence on the islands was Fort Belgica which is a fairly significant position built in the stereotypical Vauban pentagon and surrounded by a ditch.
In addition there were ten batteries (exclusive of the two forts) and as Spencer had predicted, there were 700 regular Dutch troops and 800 native militia.
The operational concept was to approach Banda Neira after dark on 8 August and disembark the landing force of about 400 sailors, marines, and European infantry in small boats.
They were taken under fire from a battery during the night from the small island of Rosensgan as the Dutch were on alert, then the weather worsened dispersing the fleet of small boats.
About 100 yards from the shore and directly opposite a Dutch battery consisting of ten 18-pounders the boats grounded on a coral reef.
The men leapt into the water, then after an hour and a half before daylight the force were able to land in a sandy cove.
Using boarding pikes they killed one sentry and captured the remainder of the garrison, some sixty men, without firing a shot.
Having erected scaling ladders the attackers stormed over the outer walls and despite coming under desultory musket fire this part of the fort was stormed and taken.
The Dutch side the fort commandant and ten men were killed, two officers and thirty men were taken prisoner, along with fifty two cannon.
The British used the guns of Fort Belgica to return fire and threatened to destroy the nearby town if the governor did not surrender but he complied.
The plan was to capture Fort Kalamata a small fortress which lies near the main town which was made up Fort Oranje; a bigger fort - this contained 92 heavy calibre guns and a garrison of 500 men of which 150 were Dutch.
After having found an amphibious landing difficult at night Tucker and his men resorted in daylight and succeeded at Sasa, a village screened by a point of land from the fort by 7am.
They were met by a roadblock, so a detour along a stream led to a sharp firefight against a strong Dutch detachment.
After driving the Dutch away with a bayonet charge, they came across a beach which was only within a hundred yards of Fort Kalamata.
After crossing a ditch, the British stormed the fort using scaling ladders on the flank of the bastion, and carried it after some sharp fighting.
Tucker attempted to demand the Dutch governor Colonel Jon van Mithman to surrender but in response guns were fired at the British ships from Fort Kota Baro a small fort which lay in between Kalamata and Oranje.
The Dutch fought back for a few hours, but after experiencing severe damage to the fort and rising losses it was then assaulted by a surprise attack from the rear by a Royal Marine detachment from Kalamata led by Lieutenant Cursham.
This action was a prelude to Britain's invasion of Java in 1811 which Cole also took a leading role in planning and executing.
For his services, Cole was knighted in May 1812, awarded a specially minted medal, and given an honorary doctorate by the University of Oxford.
Before the Dutch regained control of the islands, the East India Company used their occupation of the Spice Islands to gather spice seedlings.
Thus began a transplantation on an almost industrial scale - most were sent to Bencoolen and Penang, as well as Ceylon and other British colonies.
In the previous occupation in the 1790s the EIC had established spice gardens in Penang; by 1805 these contained 5,100 nutmeg tress and 15,000 clove trees.
The islands then remained part of the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, until Indonesia's independence in 1949.
Rosedale Transit Center is the northern terminus for the METRO A Line, a bus rapid transit line serving Saint Paul and south Minneapolis.
The site is leased to Metro Transit by the mall, and includes an indoor waiting area, real-time information, and ticket vending machines.
It is currently being developed as a station for the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project, which is an extension for the Blue Line.
The South Anuyi Ocean or Angayucham Ocean is a hypothesized ancient ocean, interpreted from the South Anuyi suture zone in eastern Siberia.
In 1988 an alternate hypothesis interpreted the rocks of the South Anuyi suture as the remnants of an ancient ocean basin.
According to this model, Wrangel, De Long and the New Siberian Islands and the parts of the Chukchi microcontinent were part of a small continent, Arctica.
It is part of the Shemshak Group, a Late Triassic to Callovian set of coal bearing largely fluvo-lacustarine sediments up to 4000 metres thick located within the Alborz Mountains.
She began songwriting as a teenager with her brother, Andrew, who introduced her to female musicians including Ani DiFranco, Fiona Apple, and Lauryn Hill.
Paul Sather (born August 28, 1971) is an American college basketball coach, currently head coach for the University of North Dakota.
Following his college career, he entered coaching, first as an assistant coach at Sidney High School in Nebraska, then as a graduate assistant at Wayne State College under Greg McDermott, where he also obtained a Master's degree in sports administration.
During this time, Sather won back to back Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) coach of the year awards and the Wolves played in the championship game of the 2018 NCAA Division II Tournament, narrowly losing to Ferris State.
On May 30, 2019, Sather was announced as the new head coach for the North Dakota Fighting Hawks of the Summit League.
When US President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 13780 on March 6, 2017, limiting visas for immigrants from Iran, Bidshahri decided it was too risky to begin a startup in Silicon Valley as she had planned.
Instead, after she completed her B.S., she moved to Toronto, Canada in June 2017, and began Awecademy as a Canadian business.
The modules are multidisciplinary, and emphasize formative assessment (rather than summative assessment) through collaborative real-life projects such as podcasts or videos.
In 2019, Awecademy formed part of a major grant for Riverside City College in Riverside, California to support high school students in pursuing nursing degrees after graduation.
Some of the International Monetary Fund's goals in Guatemala are to restore investor confidence in the country, help the country become profitable, add environmental reforms, and expand the workforce.
The International Monetary Fund plans on achieving their goal by providing primary health care to low income families and improve sanitation conditions.
Moreover, the International Monetary Fund plans to encourage government spending by 15% of their GDP and increase social and infrastructural spending.
The Fund intends on implementing tax reforms, mobilize revenue, and strengthening tax administration as a measure to reduce poverty in the country.
As a result, the International Monetary Fund has encouraged the Guatemalan government to implement programs to expand the formal workforce, like Mi Primer Empleo.
Another course of action the Fund plans on addressing is suspending all mining activities and provide access to clean water in the developing areas of the country.
This source of foreign income outpaces the country's exports and foreign direct investment, making it the second largest foreign income to enter the country.
Remittances have been an active player in the growth of education because it gives many low income families the extra financial boost to afford it.
Remittances reduce the need for child workers and allows them to pursue a form of education, whether it be vocational or post secondary education.
An expert on the cultural impact of Helen Hunt Jackson's novel Ramona and the history of neon signage, Dr. DeLyser is an Associate Professor at California State University, Fullerton in the Department of Geography & the Environment.
Claudia Powers (born May 28, 1950) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 151st district from 1993 to 2009.
In the late 1980s, Fan Chung, Ronald Graham and Richard Wilson showed that many of the notions are in fact equivalent.
Let formula_1 be a fixed constant, and let formula_2 be a sequence of graphs with formula_3 having formula_4 vertices and formula_5 edges, for fixed formula_6 by formula_7.
Using the idea of the second moment method from probabilistic combinatorics, we can show that the variance of formula_21 is formula_47.
The number of labelled 4-cycles in formula_50 is within formula_51 of the number of closed walks of length 4 in formula_50, which is formula_53, where formula_54 denote the adjacency matrix of formula_7.
The Legislative Council had 12 official members (civil servants), six nominated members, seven elected members and the Governor, who served as the legislature's speaker.
The franchise was limited to people who owned property in their constituency with a rateable value of $60 (or owned property elsewhere with a rateable value of $48) and tenants or lodgers who paid the same sums in rent.
The restrictions on candidates were more severe, with candidature limited to men that lived in their constituency, were literate in English, and owned property worth at least $12,000 or from which they received at least $960 in rent a year.
The 2019 World Women's Snooker Championship was a women's snooker tournament that took place at the Hi-End Snooker Club, Bangkok from 20 to 23 June 2019.
The top 30 players in the World Women's Snooker rankings following the Festival of Women's Snooker events were eligible, and national federations were each able to nominate up to eight further players.
Reanne Evans and Wendy Jans were the only two players not to lose a frame in qualifying and were seeded first and second respectively into the knockout stage.
Wendy Jans continued her good run from the qualifying groups with 4–0 wins over Arantxa Sanchis in the last 16 and Ploychompoo Laokiatphong to reach 17 won with none lost in the tournament to that point.
Baipat Siripaporn the and left herself with an easy on the in the deciding frame of their quarter-final match to beat Rebecca Kenna 4–3.
Evans beat Wongharuthai 6–3 in the final to win her twelfth World Women's Snooker Championship title, maintaining her record of never having lost in the final, and collected a prize of £6,000.
An early day motion congratulating Evans on her win was tabled in the Parliament of the United Kingdom by Ian Austin, the Member of Parliament for Dudley North.
So Man Yan won the Challenge Cup event for players who did not qualify for the knockout rounds of the main competition, beating Chitra Magimairaj 3–2 in the final.
Truthful resource allocation is the problem of allocating resources among agents with different valuations over the resources, such that agents are incentivized to reveal their true valuations over the resources.
The goal is to design a truthful mechanism, that will induce the agents to reveal their true value functions, and then calculate an allocation that maximizes some global objective.
For the case of many resources, they showed that all truthful mechanisms of the same kind approach 0.5 of the maximum utilitarian welfare.
They also show a mechanism called Strong Demand Matching, which is tailored for a setting with many agents and few resources (such as the privatization auction in the Czech republic).
When there are many more agents than resources, the price of each resource is usually high, so the approximation factor approaches 1.
The building, which dates from 1785, was substantially rebuilt to the designs of William Farrell in the Neoclassical style in 1822.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place for Fermanagh County Council.
Established in 2009, it recognizes and rewards the work of the entirety of an individual's professional life, or outstanding contributions in the television field.
Candidates for the award are presented by the members of a jury, or by entities related to the television activities, through reasoned proposals addressed to the Ministry of Culture or to the jurors themselves.
She currently serves as the Director of Learning and Engagement at the Institute of Contemporary Art Los Angeles, formerly known as the Santa Monica Museum of Art.
Her work has been shown at physical galleries and digital art spaces including Curatorial Hub and advocates for biking as a sustainable mode of transportation.
Eucalyptus ornans, commonly known as Avon peppermint, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a restricted area in Victoria.
It has smooth whitish to grey bark, slightly glossy, bluish green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seventeen and twenty one, white flowers and shortened hemispherical fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile leaves arranged in opposite pairs, narrow lance-shaped, bluish green on the upper surface and whitish below, long and wide.
Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same slightly glossy green on both sides, narrow lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between seventeen and twenty one on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on thin pedicels long.
The fruit is a sessile, woody, shortened hemispherical capsule about long and wide with the valves below the rim of the fruit.
• Total: Chernomorets Burgas with 1 higher finishes, Neftochimic Burgas with 5 higher finishes (as of the end of the 2018–19 season).
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, the Bishop Street Courthouse was used to discharge some county council functions.
On 19 January 2019 there was a car bomb attack on the Bishop Street Courthouse initiated as part of a Dissident Irish Republican campaign, the first such attack in several years.
The 1937 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1937 college football season.
In post-season play, the Rattlers defeated in the Orange Blossom Classic and then lost to in the Prairie View Bowl on New Year's Day.
Masat is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdicition of the Diamond Harbour police station in the Diamond Harbour I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Masat had a total population of 5,839 of which 2,984 (51%) were males and 2,855 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Diamond Harbour 15 km away.
Noah Diliberto (born 8 September 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Valenciennes in the French Ligue 2.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Mali is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Mali, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Mali and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Mali and the pope.
Since 2008, the post of Nuncio to Mali has been held by the archbishop who is Nuncio to Guinea; the Nuncio to Mali resides in Conakry, Guinea.
In 1948, the Holy See established the Delegation to Dakar led by Marcel-François Lefebvre to represent its interests in French colonial Africa.
Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone.
Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Delegations to Guinea, Togo, Mali, and Mauritania on 21 May 1973.
James Creek drains of area, receives about 47.8 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 456.69 and is about 55% forested.
Alexander was described as a dark horse candidate due to her never holding public office, her being a single mother, and qualifying for food stamps before her election to the state senate.
The Cowboy and the Bandit is a 1935 American western film directed by Albert Herman, starring Rex Lease, Bobby Nelson, and Blanche Mehaffey.
Rev John Calvin MacKay (1891–1986)) was a Free Church of Scotland minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1942.
He died at Inverness on 21 September 1986 and was buried with his wife in the churchyard of Kingussie Parish Church.
Deon K. Johnson is a priest of the Episcopal Church who was elected as the XI Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Missouri on November 23, 2019.
On November 23, 2019 Johnson was elected to the post of Bishop of Missouri, having been elected on the first ballot.
Assuming the majority of the Bishops and standing committees of the church consent as is required, Johnson will be consecrated on April 25, 2020 as Bishop at St. Stanislaus Kostka Church in Saint Louis.
Don't F**k With Cats: Hunting An Internet Killer is a 2019 American true crime documentary series about the manhunt for Canadian murderer Luka Magnotta.
The limited series follows a group of internet sleuths who launched a manhunt for Luka Magnotta, after he gained international notoriety in 2010 for sharing a graphic video online of himself killing two kittens.
The series started with Deanna Thompson, a data analyst for a casino in Las Vegas, and John Green, from Los Angeles.
The viral video shows a man playing with two kittens before he puts them in a vacuum seal bag and vacuums out the air, suffocating the kittens.
The group worked together to examine the details of the video, including the objects in the room, to help solve the mystery.
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 63% approval rating with an average rating of 8/10, based on 8 reviews.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of The Entrance on 18 January 1992 because the Court of Disputed Returns overturned the result of the 1991 The Entrance election.
Justice Slattery in the Court of Disputed Returns held that more than 200 voters in The Entrance had been given ballot papers for the adjoining district of Gosford and that the poll was void.
Sangrampur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Diamond Harbour police station in the Diamond Harbour I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Sangrampur had a total population of 5,664 of which 2,896 (51%) were males and 2,768 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Diamond Harbour 15 km away.
It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII.It is affiliated with the West Bengal Board of Madrasah Education.
Panchagram (Netra) Rural Hospital at PO Panchagram Singhi, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Diamond Harbour I CD block.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place for Tyrone County Council.
On 15 August 1998 there was a car bomb attack on the courthouse initiated as part of a Dissident Irish Republican campaign; it killed 29 people (including a woman pregnant with twins) and injured some 220 others.
Lyons also won a gold medal at the 2008 British Championships which also served as the Olympic Trials in the same year.
On reviewing the herbarium specimens of the latter species, de Lange noted there were two distinct forms: one with larger leaves with entire margins, and larger bracteoles and seeds, and one with smaller leaves with irregular sinuate-dentate margins and smaller bracteoles and seeds.
This latter form was restricted to the North Island, and following field work was described as a new species, its name honouring botanist and conservationist John Stevenson Holloway, who had died in 1999.
Pals of the Range is a 1935 American western film directed by Elmer Clifton, starring Rex Lease, Frances Morris, and Yakima Canutt.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Mauritania is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Mauritania, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Mauritania and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Mauritania and the pope.
Since its creation in 1973, the post of Nuncio to Mauritania has been held by the archbishop who is Nuncio to Senegal; the Nuncio to Mauritania resides in Dakar, Senegal.
In 1948, the Holy See established the Delegation to Dakar led by Marcel-François Lefebvre to represent its interests in French colonial Africa.
Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone.
Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Delegations to Guinea, Togo, Mali, and Mauritania on 21 May 1973.
In the single-player mode, players compete against AI-controlled racers through multiple courses in order to become the champion, while up to four human players can compete on versus matches in the multiplayer mode by connecting four arcade systems via LAN.
Running out of energy results in a game over unless the players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing.
During a race, the goal of the players is to finish a race ahead of other racers and reach first place position.
These power-ups can either benefit or harm those who have picked them up, ranging to speed increasers to weapon items that allow players to inflict damage to rival vehicles once acquired and the stock of weapon supply can be increased by grabbing more weapon icons.
In June 2016, a prototype of the game was revealed to be under ownership of a private video game collector, while the only known gameplay footage of the title was uploaded online on the same month.
Towards the end of their adventure of tomb raiding a temple, Rick becomes furious upon finding the loot has already been taken by the heist artist Miles Knightley.
Rick and Morty travel to HeistCon intending to confront Miles, but they are prohibited from entering as professionals without a crew.
When Rick agrees, Miles claims to have already won by presenting his crew—which now includes Rick's crew, whom he recruited immediately after Rick had abandoned them.
Rick draws the skull from Morty's bag — he divulges that he had built a robot, dubbed Heist-o-Tron, to calculate Miles's heist plan.
Heist-o-Tron hypnotized Miles' crew as they returned from stealing the skull so that Rick could take it from them, then hypnotized everyone else at the conference into Rick's control.
Rick barely escapes with Morty, and recruits a new crew, including Mr. Poopybutthole (now a professor) and Elon Tusk (an alternate version of Elon Musk with tusks for teeth), to fight Heist-o-Tron.
Rick and Heist-o-Tron exchange revelations about double-crossing each other for two hours until Heist-o-Tron self-destructs, concluding that the perfect heist is one that will never be written.
While the crew escapes the collapsing lair, Morty asks Rick to accompany him to Netflix's offices for a meeting about his script for a heist film.
Rick reveals to the viewers that this has been his plan all along: afraid of losing Morty's companionship to Netflix, Rick contrived the whole heist plan to ensure their adventures together continue.
The episode features guest actors Pamela Adlon as Angie Flynt, Justin Theroux as the heist conman Miles Knightly, and Elon Musk as a fictional version of himself (named as Elon Tusk).
After being pestered by Morty to get him a dragon, Rick reluctantly makes a deal with a wizard, who creates a soul contract between Morty and the dragon Balthromaw.
Angered at Balthromaw damaging the floor with his fire snoring, Rick is about to evict the dragon, but they both end up realizing they have much in common and inadvertently soul bond.
The cat convinces Jerry to take it to Florida to find fun at a beach party, but the cat betrays Jerry by accusing him of defecating on the beach.
Rick and Jerry scan the cat's mind to figure out why it can talk, and are deeply traumatized and horrified by what they see.
In the post-credits scene, the talking cat crosses paths with Balthromaw, and asks him if he can fly him to Florida.
The episode features guest actors Liam Cunningham as Balthromaw the sex dragon, Matthew Broderick as the talking cat, and Tom Kenny as Shadow Jacker.
The 36th episode overall, it was written by James Siciliano and directed by Jacob Hair, and was broadcast on December 15, 2019.
While getting ready for an adventure, Rick & Morty stop to talk to Jerry, who is on top of the roof, trying to proudly set up Christmas lights without help.
Jerry promptly falls off the roof, but before he hits the ground, Rick zaps him with a anti-gravity ray that makes Jerry’s body lighter than air.
He then zaps Jerry’s shoes with a function that makes them heavier than air, rendering Jerry neutrally buoyant, enabling him to hang his Christmas lights by bouncing.
Defying Rick's instructions to stay in the car while Rick fixes the issue, Morty is bitten by a snake astronaut which he then kills.
Rick synthesizes an antidote for the snakebite just in time for Morty and in the process learns that the planet the snake is from consists of an advanced patchwork of industrial societies — there are 19 billion snakes divided into 10,000 nations, all on the brink of global war because of race.
Morty is guilt ridden over the loss of morale the snake's death may have on the snake homeworld, figuring the snake astronaut to be an equivalent of Buzz Aldrin.
On earth, Jerry attempts to show off his buoyancy by a game of basketball on an urban court, but a misunderstanding ensues and Jerry loses one of his shoes, floating off into the air helplessly.
After returning from the space adventure, Morty continues to blame himself for the snake planet’s impending doom and attempts to make recompense by buying a snake from a pet store, whom he names Slippy, taking a marker to Slippy to match the stripes of the dead snake, and sending it back to the snake homeworld, attempting to pass it off as the missing snake astronaut.
This sets off a series of events told entirely in the form of snake hisses, where is it implied that military officials quickly determine that Slippy is not from their world.
After a series of efforts to communicate with the alien snake, contact is made between the snake and a snake professor, though Slippy engages the professor in aggressive mating while a team of scientists and military snakes are watching.
Back on earth, as Rick fills in Beth on Jerry's newfound buoyancy, the two quickly realize that Jerry is too careless to use his new powers without endangering himself and set out to rescue him.
Jerry proudly declines help and Rick uses a mushroom-derived Jerry deepfake to convince Beth to leave Jerry to his own devices.
He carries the boulder into a bar, but a misunderstanding causes Jerry to need to release the boulder and fly into the air again.
The robot attempts to kill Morty, but a trenchcoat-covered snake enters the room wielding a shotgun and defends him a la The Terminator.
Rick explains that the Morty's actions, in sending Slippy back to the Snake homeworld, and showing the snake planet an alien snake, gave a common sense of purpose to the snake society, resolving their racism, only to realize they had bigger enemies living among them, leading them to their actions of inventing time travel.
At the snake planet, during an unspecified point in the future, a Terminator-esque war rages between snake and machine, but this unity allowed the snakes to rise up and battle the robot snakes and invent time travel.
A future Rick and Morty show up with a book full of instructions on time travel written in the snakes’ language, along with snake costumes and portable time machines.
Current Rick and Morty put on the snake costumes, travel back to 1985, and leave the time travel instructions at Snake MIT before returning to the present.
On Earth in the present, realizing he will not survive the fall from the air, Jerry is about to leave a tearful voicemail on Beth's phone when a jetplane flies by, which Jerry attaches himself to.
The student returns victorious, only to find that protecting Lincoln somehow led the Snake Nazis to win Snake World War II.
The Testicle Monsters travel back in time and kill a primitive cavesnake just as he is beginning to use tools, thereby preventing the existence of all snake civilization.
Current Rick & Morty go inside to have some eggnog, only to encounter Future Rick & Morty, who rudely remind them that they need to make snake costumes and translate time travel instructions into the snakes' language.
He made his acquaintance with such figures as Walter Scott, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn, Alexander Jeffrey, Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, David Laing, Henry Raeburn, and William Fettes Douglas.
He was a very early member of the Bannatyne Club in 1823, a Scottish antiquarian group dedicated to publishing rare Scottish texts.
On 1 March 1830, Gibson-Craig was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, on the proposal of Andrew Duncan, the younger, a society which his brother had joined the previous year.
In an 1871 sale, he purchased the Murthly Hours, a 13th-century French book of hours, brought to Scotland in the 15th-century, and annotated in Scottish Gaelic.
Shortly after this purchase, Gibson-Craig brought the manuscript to the British Museum, where he showed it to the keeper of manuscripts, Edward Augustus Bond, who speculated on its date and origins.
On 23 November 1841, he married Jane, the daughter of John Peter Grant of Rothiemurchus and widow of Colonel Gervaise Pennington.
The auction of 9674 lots from his library occurred at Sotheby's, over the course of twenty-eight days between 27 June 1887 and 17 November 1888, eventually raising as much as £15,509 4s 6d.
Aboubacar Diarra (born 22 May 1993) is a Malian footballer who plays as a midfielder, most recently for Al-Shorta in the Iraqi Premier League.
The 2019-20 Rugby Africa Cup is the first season of a restructuring of international rugby union competition by Rugby Africa after a loss of broadcast sponsorship caused the cancellation of the 2019 Rugby Africa Gold Cup, itself only the third edition of a previous restructuring of the continent's tournament.
The new Rugby Africa Cup replaces the multi-tiered Gold, Silver, and Bronze Cups with a seeded group stage followed by a knockout round.
It was remodelled in Palladian style in the 1780s by John Soane: it was Soane's first substantial country house commission, immediately before he started Letton Hall in 1784.
It was used to train domestic servants in the 1930s and 1940s, before becoming a local authority old people's home from 1945 to 1990.
It was put up for sale for £10 million in 2012, and there was speculation that it might be bought by Johnny Depp, but ultimately it was not sold then.
Thomas Pitt was the nephew of the Prime Minister William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham and a cousin of William Pitt the Younger; he became the 1st Baron Camelford in 1784.
The current house was remodelled in 1783-1785 in Palladian style by John Soane, who also added stables and lodge (although it is possible that the remodelling work was done by Norwich builder and sculptor John de Carle to Soane's designs: de Carle supplied at least one of the fireplaces).
The Hall has three storeys, with about of living space, and seven bays on the main west elevation, and three on the north and south side returns.
It is built of plain Gault bricks, with stone plinth, dressings and platbands between the ground and first floor, and slate roofs.
The three-storey, five-bay centre block is surmounted by a three-bay triangular pediment, with a moulded brick modillion eaves cornice, and two long low chimneystacks.
The three central bays have two ground floor windows, either side of a central c.1949 neo-Georgian replacement porch, with three windows on the first and second floors.
The second floor central window has a stucco rectangular architrave surround, and there is a fixed sash in the centre of the pediment.
The flanking bays of the central block are slightly recessed, with one sash window on each floor under flat rubbed brick arches.
The wings have single ground and first floor sash windows, with continuations of the ground floor plinth and first floor platbands, and their own modillion eaves cornice, and hipped roofs.
Nowadays, the main reception rooms are on the ground floor, in a series of enfilades, with the large saloon on the first floor.
The cantilevered Imperial staircase, added by Soane, has stone treads and a cast iron baluster, leads to the piano nobile on the first floor, decorated with carved wooden fittings and moulded plaster cornices.
It has 13 bedrooms, with six main bedrooms, seven bathrooms and two dressing rooms on the first floor, and seven more bedrooms and five bathrooms on the second floor.
A winterbourne chalk stream, the Goose Beck, occasionally runs through the southern part of the park and gardens: when it appears, it drains east through the village of Burnham Market towards the River Burn.
On the death of Thomas Pitt, 1st Baron Camelford, in 1793, the Hall was inherited by his son, also Thomas, and then in 1804 by his daughter Anne, who had married William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville.
It was inherited on his death in 1815 by his son Sir Roger Martin, 5th Baronet, who died unmarried in 1854.
It passed through several local families until 1920, when the Cook family sold most of the land apart from the hall and of gardens and grounds.
The Hall was donated to the Women's Section of the Royal British Legion in 1933 as a war memorial, to be used to train young ladies as domestic servants.
It was used as an old people's home from 1945 until it was closed in 1990 as being too expensive to maintain and run.
The Hall was sold for less than £1 million in 1991 to Patricia Rawlings (who became Baroness Rawlings in 1994) and her partner Paul Zuckerman, who renovated the building as a private dwelling.
They also increased the estate attached to the house again, by buying a neighbouring plot of from a local farmer, and also bought back the walled kitchen garden.
It was relisted for sale in 2019, with the price reduced to £3.8m plus overage (but excluding 8 acres, the coach house and lodge).
María José Cáceres Morales (born 11 June 1996) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a right back for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
Denise Rae Osborn (born 23 November 1948) is an Australian and British economist who currently works as the Secretary-General at the Royal Economic Society and as an Emeritus Professor of Econometrics at the University of Manchester.
Her principal research interests have been in applied Time-Series modelling, particularly in seasonality in economic variables and dynamic modelling of macroeconomic relationships.
Denise R. Osborn attended the University of Sydney in 1966, completing the Bachelor of Economics with First Class Honours in 1970, and the Master of Economics in 1972.
While she was pursuing her PhD, she worked as a research Officer for the National Institute of Economic and Social Research in London from 1975 to 1977.
After that, Osborn arrived at the University of Manchester and took up the role as a Lecturer in Econometrics from 1977 to 1989.
In 1992, Osborn became a Professor of Econometrics as she was awarded with a personal Chair, and four years later in 1996, she was promoted to the Robert Ottley Chair in Econometrics and became a Robert Ottley Professor of Econometrics.
At the University of Manchester, Osborn has also held various of positions, including the Interim Head of the School of Social Sciences from September to December 2003, the Director of Research for the School of Economic Studies from 1994 to 1997, the Head of the School of Economic Studies from 1997 to 2002, and the Head of Economics from 2009 to 2011.
After, Osborn visited the School of Economics and Finance, University of Tasmania as a Visiting Fellow in 2012, and as a Visiting Professor from 2013 to 2016.
Osborn was the Conference Chair of RES in 1994, and from 1994 to 1999, she acted as a member of council and executive committee.
In 1998, she became a member of the Conference of Heads of University Departments of Economics (CHUDE) steering Committee until 2003, and again in 2007.
From 2004 to 2006, she participated as the Chairperson of CHUDE and she was also a member of Women's Committee from 2007 to 2011.
In 2015, Osborn took over the role as the Secretary-General at the Royal Economic Society, and she is the first women Secretary-General since 1890.
Osborn participated at the UK Research Assessment Exercises 2001 (REA2001) as the Vice Chair and member of the Economics and Econometrics Panel.
In the UK RAE 2008, she was originally joined as member of both the Economics and Econometrics, and the Business and Management Studies Sub-Panel.
But later, due to the stepped down of Professor David Greenaway, Osborn became the Chair of Economics and Econometrics Sub-Panel and the member of Main Panel I.
Osborn also participated at the Hong Kong Research Assessment Exercises in 2014, as a Deputy Panel Convenor of Business and Economics.
Succeeding her husband, Paul Wojno, Lisa Wojno served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2003 to 2008.
The championship was organised by CONMEBOL, the governing body for football in South America, in cooperation with the local organisers, the Paraguayan Football Association (APF).
Brazil were the defending champions but lost to Argentina in the final who claimed their first title in what was a repeat of the final of the previous edition, but with the reverse outcome.
The draw to split the ten teams into two groups, one of five and one of four, took place on 19 November at 17:00 PYST (UTC–3) in Asunción, Paraguay at the headquarters of the APF.
The remaining seven teams were split into four pots, three of two and one of one, shown in the below table.
The teams were seeded based on their final ranking in the previous edition of the South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship; the highest ranked teams were placed in Pot 1, next highest in Pot 2 and so on, down to the lowest ranked team placed in Pot 4.
The teams finishing in third, fourth and fifth place in the groups are knocked out of title-winning contention; the four teams in the former two positions recede to play in consolatory placement matches to determine 5th through 8th place in the final standings.
It is narrated by Julie Newmar with music composed by Rich Ragsdale and features interviews with people who own sex-dolls, engineers who create them, artists who depict them as well as information on historical automatons and female robots portrayed in cinema.
She received her doctorate from the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts and has been awarded fellowships from the Annenberg Foundation, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the American Association of University Women.
He was a member of the U.S. teams that won gold in the 2014 Winter Paralympic Games in Sochi and 2018 Winter Paralympic Games in Pyeongchang.
After the resumption of college entrance examination, he was accepted to the University of Science and Technology of China, where he received a bachelor's degree and master's degree.
He was professor at the University of Science and Technology of China in 1995, becoming vice chairman of the School of Science in 1997 and vice president and deputy Party secretary in May 2007.
GreatGuys performed as the only South Korean act at the All Together Asia Land festival in Ho Chi Minh City later that month.
Mohanpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Diamond Harbour police station in the Diamond Harbour I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Mohanpur had a total population of 4,845 of which 2,502 (52%) were males and 2,343 (48%) were females.
Cafer Tosun (born 20 November 1999) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sarıyer on loan from Trabzonspor.
The species is endemic to New Zealand, and has a very restricted distribution, known only from the Kaimanawa and Ruahine Ranges in the central North Island.
This species grows surprisingly well in gardens, preferring soil with some added lime, and is often for sale in native plant nurseries.
It needs a sunny, well drained situation, and will flower heavily even in warm climates far from its natural subalpine habitat.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Hair Styling in Children and Teen Programming is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
Florence C. Molloy (1878 - 1951) and Mabel N. MacLeay (1883 - 1950) ran the Molloy-MacLeay taxicab company in Boulder, CO (about 1916 - 1926).
Florence Hayden Cowie Molloy was born in November 1878 in Syracuse, New York to William Cowie of Scotland and Sarah H. Cowie of New York.
On February 5, 1908, Florence Cowie married Thomas J. Molloy (1877 - death date unknown) in Syracuse, New York and they subsequently had two daughters: Mary (1909 - death date unknown) and Jane Molloy (1911 - death date unknown).
By 1918, Florence Molloy had moved with her daughters to Boulder, CO and was operating the Molloy-MacLeay taxicab company with Mabel N. MacLeay.
Mabel married Lachlan MacLeay in 1903 and they had a son Donald MacLeay (December 27, 1909 - October 18, 1994) while residing in Tacoma, Washington.
By 1915, the MacLeays were residents of Syracuse, NY where Lachlan was serving as the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce.
In 1920, Mabel was noted in the U.S. Census as married, but living in Boulder, not with Lachlan, and operating the taxi company.
The 1930 Census lists MacLeay as divorced and living with Malloy in the historic Squires-Tourellot house at 1019 Spruce Street, Boulder, CO, which also happens to be the oldest remaining house in Boulder, and working as a resort manager, but in 1940, she is listed as widowed.
The service began sometime during the years of World War I when the man operating the only service in Boulder, CO was drafted.
However, the business began to grow during the 1918 Spanish flu when the company volunteered with the Red Cross to transport medical professionals and supplies to the mountain towns and serve in funeral processions.
During the epidemic, the 38-year-old Molloy was called on to fill in for an undertaker when his hearse could not traverse the mountain roads to pick up a flu victim.
The charge was $7.00 per day per passenger for a round trip to Estes Park from Boulder or a circular route from Boulder to Nederland, Rollinsville, Idaho Springs, Lookout Mountain, and back to Boulder.
To further increase their clientele, the women expanded into city transportation and added a third car (a Packard) as well as a male driver.
The service was operating during Prohibition in the United States and the women would not pick up intoxicated passengers or transport liquor.
The service catered to a variety of clientele, but became the go to driving service for the female students of the University of Colorado at Boulder.
The students’ parents would hire Molloy and MacLeay to act as both drivers and chaperones, especially as Molloy and MacLeay were much less expensive than the usual driver plus chaperone for longer trips.
During the peak years of Molloy's and MacLeay's service, their's was not the only taxi business in town and the success of their business led to upset among the male taxi drivers in Boulder.
This discord only increased in 1926 when Molloy and MacLeay obtained a contract with Union Pacific Railroad for the exclusive rights to solicit passengers from the Colorado & Southern Railway passenger trains at the Boulder depot.
O’Neal, Ray Hall, and Seth Armstead filed a complaint against Molloy and MacLeay claiming they had violated the new city ordinance by soliciting business at the Union station platform.
Malloy pleaded not guilty, and was supported by the station agent, J.P. Colstadt, and the secretary-manager of Bluebird Cottage, Emma Tracy, who said that though Molloy-MacLeay taxi has a contract with the Bluebirds, Bluebirds were not compelled to use the service.
According to letters written by Molloy and MacLeay to friends in Syracuse, NY, the women were also receiving threats from the Ku Klux Klan calling for them to close their business.
As a result of the regulations, litigation, and threats, the Daily Camera announced on June 19, 1926 that Molloy and MacLeay had sold the Molloy-MacLeay taxicab company to the Yellow Cab company, but would continue Molloy Scenic Tours outside of Boulder city limits and continue a one-year lease to the Bluebirds.
After the closure of the taxi service, the women opened the Double M dude ranch (or M&M ranch, then Trojan Ranch, and now the Colorado Mountain Ranch) in Gold Hill, CO.
The ranch operated until World War II when it was sold in 1941 and Molloy and MacLeay relocated to Sunset Ranch at 2801 Baseline Road.
He also played in the SM-liiga for SaiPa, the Tipsport Liga for HKm Zvolen and HC Košice and the Ligue Magnus for Brûleurs de Loups.
Fabiola Johana Herrera Zegarra (born 18 June 1987) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a centre back for Colombian club Millonarios FC and the Peru women's national team.
It is a shallow water species found in the intertidal zone to 3 meters (10 feet) deep on sand and mud flats.
Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union underwent a sea change from 1969 to 1991, from open conflict to bitter détente to diplomatic partners by 1989.
Relations between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Communist Party of China (CCP) dated back to the founding of the CCP in Shanghai in 1921, a meeting conducted under the supervision of the Soviet Comintern.
The Soviets remained cautious partners with the rising CCP throughout the 22 years of the Chinese Civil War, and the USSR was the first nation to recognize the People's Republic of China in 1949.
The following year saw the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty and founding of the Sino-Soviet alliance as well as the beginning of a decade of economic cooperation between the two nations.
Despite transfers of aid and raw materials between the nations, by 1956 this once warm friendship had cooled, and the Sino-Soviet split began.
In 1960, the Soviet Union withdrew all economic advisors from the PRC, and relations became confrontational in political, economic, military and ideological arenas.
After years of border incursions by both parties, 1969 saw the Sino-Soviet border conflict which nearly boiled over into a nuclear exchange.
Even after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, these two former allies remained locked in a miniature cold war, consumed by ideological, political and economic differences.
However, relations began to improve in the late 1970s with a gradual de-escalation of military tensions and a move towards bilateral relations.
Warmer bilateral relations and mutual understanding would characterize the last two years of the Sino-Soviet relationship, up until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December, 1991.
- Gilbert RozmanThe entire Sino-Soviet relationship was a roller coaster of events, from close alliance to nuclear showdown, but by the 1980s common approaches to reform enabled the resumption of diplomatic relations and extensive trade.
These events spanned multiple generations of political leadership; Mao Zedong, Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping led China, while Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Konstantin Chernenko, and Mikhail Gorbachev led the Soviet Union.
Despite numerous domestic and foreign concerns, each generation of leadership devoted significant time and resources to the Sino-Soviet relationship, a relationship bound by political, economic, geographical, and ideological considerations.
The Sino-Soviet Alliance began with the signing of the new Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance on February 14, 1950.
Following the signing of this treaty, the USSR advanced $300 million in development loans to the PRC and sent nearly 10,000 Soviet technical advisors to work in China.
Over the next decade, extensive technological transfer and development assistance drew the two countries close together, while China firmly allied with the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
However, for numerous reasons, the Sino-Soviet alliance weakened in the late 1950s, and the Soviet Union withdrew all economic aid in August 1960.
With the intensification of the Sino-Soviet Split, both nations deployed troops to the shared border, which stretched from North Korea to Central Asia.
However, for the first part of the Sino-Soviet confrontation, the Mongolian People's Republic, a Soviet satellite since 1921, remained relatively neutral, and facilitated continued trade between the USSR and PRC.
The treaty, signed in Ulaanbaatar on January 15, 1966 by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and Mongolian Prime Minister Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, allowed the Soviet Union to station troops in Mongolia to ensure mutual defense.
While the Soviet Army had previously operated in Mongolia, this was the first time that troops would be based in the independent nation.
By 1967, the Soviet Union had deployed armored units and mechanized troops as well as ballistic missiles inside Mongolia and along the Chinese border.
The border conflict grew worse as each side moved more troops into the borderlands, and tensions in Moscow and Beijing rose to a breaking point.
In 1969, the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) attacked Soviet troops stationed on Zhenbao Island in the Ussuri River, claiming the island for China.
The PLA argued that such attacks would not lead to a wider war with the Soviet Union, but China's leadership still prepared for war.
In addition, the Soviets transferred strategic nuclear bombers to airbases in the Russian Far East within striking distance of Manchurian nuclear facilities.
The PRC reacted by further preparing for war along the borderlands, while also seeking to reduce tensions in a high-level meeting with Soviet leaders.
Premiers Alexei Kosygin and Zhou Enlai met at the Beijing Airport on September 11, 1969 and through a hurried series of meetings attempted to carefully negotiate a step-back from the brink of war.
Mao Zedong and Lin Biao feared that the Soviet negotiations were a trick, a ploy to draw off Chinese troops while the Soviets would attack with ground and nuclear forces.
Under orders from Mao, Lin Biao put the PLA strategic forces on war-readiness in full preparation for a nuclear war with the Soviet Union.
With the nation on full alert, civilian and military authorities began to prepare for total war, under the premise that the arrival of a Soviet border negotiations team would be a ruse for an all-out nuclear strike.
Sino-US rapprochement, a major break with previous foreign policies seeking to create a new balance of power in East Asia, greatly affected the Sino-Soviet relationship.
While visitingChina, American President Richard Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger worked to allay Chinese fears of a joint US-Soviet attack and instead promote ties with China that would undermine the Soviet Union.
Li Danhui and Xia Yafeng argue that Mao Zedong's ideological shift toward Sino-US relations was heavily influenced by the continuing threat of the USSR.
This opened the door for continued cooperation and negotiation with the United States and cooperation balancing against Soviet power in East Asia.
In the midst of Sino-American rapprochement in 1972, the Sino-Soviet border continued to be heavily fortified, with nearly 1 million Soviet troops, armed with tanks, airplanes, artillery and backed by ballistic missiles.
The border tensions increased from 1973 through 1976, as both sides sought political victories while also continuing to militarize the border.
Brezhnev spoke of China's failure to accept peaceful coexistence between the two nations, while the PRC continued to view the Soviet Union as an existential threat.
The presence of the Soviet Navy in the Indian and Pacific oceans as well as well-armed troops across the length of the border reinforced a view of Soviet encirclement.
The death of Mao in September 1976 brought no immediate changes in the Sino-Soviet conflict, although each side had significantly reduced the number of troops stationed along the border.
Brezhnev attempted to congratulate Hua Guofeng in October 1976, and was strongly rebuffed with a reinforcement of the late Chairman's anti-Soviet rhetoric.
In 1976, each side had approximately 300,000 soldiers deployed on the border, while the Soviet troops were backed by airpower and strategic forces.
In 1978,the Soviet began deploying SS-20 missiles throughout the Far East allowing the Soviets to strike any target in the PRC.
The Sino-Soviet Treaty lapsed in February 1979, and Deng Xiaoping announced that China would not attempt to renew the treaty provisions.
After China's withdrawal from Vietnam, Sino-Soviet relations remained locked in tense military confrontation along the border, while diplomatic relations remained frozen.
Many of these units were stationed in the nominally independent Peoples' Republic of Mongolia, as per the 1980 Soviet-Mongolian Mutual Defense treaty.
The massive troop build-up along the border into the 1980s led to an imbalance of military power, the Chinese remained overwhelmed by the Soviet show of force.
For China, the instability on the northern border was increasingly seen as an unnecessary threat to the regimes existence and a thorn in the side of Chinese economic reforms.
The post-Stalinist Soviet Union was no longer seen as a revisionist empire but instead a potential trade partner in economic reform.
The USSR sought to focus on bilateral relations between the two nuclear powers, while the PRC was concerned with current Soviet engagements in neighboring countries, specifically Vietnam and Mongolia; the PRC remained worried about the potential of Soviet military encirclement.
While the Soviet Union sought to establish bilateral diplomatic relations, for China, there were two major issues that needed to be tackled before normalization of diplomatic relations.
The Soviet–Afghan War ended this brief warming of Sino-Soviet relations and led to increased military cooperation between China and the United States.
The US and PRC established joint intelligence listening posts in Manchuria to monitor the Soviet Union, and these facilities remained staffed by Chinese intelligence.
The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan opened another military front on the Sino-Soviet border, and while this border was never the site of direct confrontations, the PRC worried about the additional Soviet presence.
In 1980, the US and PRC jointly opened two further listening stations in Xinjiang, specifically focused on tracking Soviet troops in Afghanistan.
Furthermore, Xinjiang became the base of Chinese aid to the Mujahideen, with PLA soldiers training and providing weapons to the anti-Soviet guerillas.
These PLA and CIA joint training camps were located near Kashgar and Khotan, spending $200–400 million training and arming the rebels.
The new listening posts and cooperation between the US and PRC, counter-balanced Soviet threats in the West, while the increasing quagmire of the Soviet war, appeared to weaken the Soviet Army.
While warming relations with the US led to an informal military alliance, the PRC also sought to improve relations with the Soviets.
In 1981-82, Chinese fears of Soviet encirclement and coming war diminished, however the desire to remove these threats remained the top priority for normalization of Sino-Soviet relations.
In response, Deng sent Yu Hongliang to give the following message to the Soviet government via the PRC embassy in Moscow.
Of course, the problems cannot be solved in one day, but the Chinese side holds that the important thing is the existence of true willingness to improve relations.
The Chinese side proposes that the Soviet Union should persuade Vietnam to withdraw its troops from Cambodia as a starting point, or it is also possible to start with other problems that influence the relationship between our two countries, such as the reduction of military force in the border region.
At the same time, both sides should work on finding mutually acceptable measures in order to solve the problem of withdrawal of Soviet troops from Mongolia.
To sum up, only if both sides think about the prospects for the development of the relationship, are willing to resume good neighborly relations between our two great countries, start with solving one or two of the important problems, will it then be possible to open up a new phase in bilateral relations.
The Soviet responded positively, agreeing to work towards resolving these obstacles, beginning formal political level meetings at the vice-foreign minister level.
The first vice-foreign minister meeting was held in Beijing in October 1982, and eleven further semi-annual meetings were held up until 1988.
As evidence of the change in China's position since 1976, the PRC continued to lobby for the withdrawal of Soviet military forces and aid in Vietnam, insisting that peaceful coexistence between the PRC and USSR be the guideline for relations.
Several notable meetings occurred with the resumption of political negotiations: the two foreign ministers met at the UN in 1984 and First Deputy Prime Minister Ivan Arkhipov toured the PRC later that same year.
Despite progress in cultural and political ties from greater trade to ping-pong competitions, neither nation was willing to compromise on the balance of military power in Asia.
China continued to see the USSR as a threat, and the USSR saw the presence of troops in the Far East, Mongolia and Afghanistan as well as continued military aid to Vietnam as crucial for its overall geopolitical goals.
Trade between the two nations increased dramatically through the 1980s growing from 223 million Soviet rubles in 1982 to 1.6 billion rubles in 1985.
In the winter of 1984-1985, the first Vice-Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, Ivan Arkhipov, traveled to Beijing and at a state banquet, it was announced that China recognized the Soviet Union as a fellow socialist country.
From this point forward, the Chinese propaganda ministry backed away from its attacks on the USSR, ending decades of ideological warfare.
In March 1985, while in Moscow for Konstantin Chernenko's funeral, Li Peng met with the new Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev with both sides explicitly stating their desire to normalize all relations.
At the Twenty-Seven Party Congress of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev announced the beginnings of perestroika in the USSR, radically reforming and restructuring the stagnant Soviet economy.
In his speech, Gorbachev praised the earlier Chinese reforms, and simultaneously expressed an interest to further improve ties with the PRC.
The new Soviet government recognized that economic stagnation had been greatly worsened by overextending the Soviet military might across the world, and Gorbachev sought to reduce the load on the Soviet Union by withdrawing troops and aid from several costly conflicts.
The USSR simply could not afford it's interventionist foreign policy, and over extending the military was at the heart of its financial woes.
Furthermore, the countries resumed diplomatic relations on the consular level, the PRC opened a consulate in Leningrad, and the USSR opened one in Shanghai.
Gorbachev's New Political Thinking recognized that disarmament was key to the economic survival of the USSR, including unilateral disarmament and equal participation in regional economic and diplomatic relations.
For the first time the Chinese foreign minister, visited each other's nations in 1988, announcing that all diplomatic relations were to occur on equal footing.
The two foreign ministers then set the formal summit meeting between all parties for May 15–18, 1989 in Beijing, where Gorbachev would finally meet Deng and diplomatic relations fully normalized.
Both sides agreed that there was no dogmatic model for socialism and that both nations were socialist societies, led by Communist parties.
Furthermore, Gorbachev rejected the Brezhnev Doctrine on the USSR's right to intervene in socialist nations affairs, while also stating that the USSR did not strive to dominate the PRC politically, economically, nor ideologically.
Coker was the third son of Robert Coker of Mappowder, Dorset (d. 1571/2) and his wife, Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of Henry Beaumont of Giddesham.
He served as rector of Tincleton from 1576 to 1579 or 1582, as a new rector's name was only recorded on the second date.
The parish burial register records the burial of two John Cokers, in 1631 and 1635, uncertain as to which is the clergyman.
This was revealed to be a misattribution by county historian Rodney Legg, in an afterword to the 1980 facsimile edition of the work.
The survey was, in fact, composed by Thomas Gerard (1592–1634) in the 1620s, and passed onto the Coker family upon his death.
Chen Xuesi (; born December 1959) is a Chinese chemist and researcher at the Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
In October 1993 he pursued advanced studies in Japan, earning a doctor degree in engineering from Waseda University in March 1997.
He returned to China in June 1996 and that year became research associate at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), he was promoted to researcher in December 1999.
The species has a very restricted distribution, known only from certain sites in Kahurangi National Park in the northern South Island, New Zealand.
She and her husband, wealthy banker John Philpot Curran Phillips, constructed the house in 1882-1883 in the Second Empire architectural style.
The building has gone restoration of the roof in 1997, and conservation of historic plaster interiors in 2012; these ceilings are believed to have originally been hand-painted by Harriet Dougall Phillips, the original inhabitant of the house.
The name Glanmore House is suggested to have come from potential ties between the original owners and the Glanmore region of Ireland.
Glanmore was designated as a National Historic Site in 1969, due to its architectural style, and has operated as a museum since 1973.
The National Historic Site is home to the Phillips-Burrows-Faulkner Collection, which consists of material original to the house as owned by the four generations of the Phillips family who lived in the house from its construction up until 1971.
Glanmore House is believed to be haunted by the ghost of Harriet Dougall Phillips; an exorcism in the early 1960s by a local priest is reported to have led to a decrease in hauntings.
Durganagar is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Diamond Harbour police station in the Diamond Harbour I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Durganagar had a total population of 4,658 of which 2,403 (52%) were males and 2,255 (48%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, all other educational facilities were at Diamond Harbour 3 km away.
San Antonio de Lomerío is a village located in the Ñuflo de Chávez Province in the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia.
The 2019–20 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team represent Bowling Green State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Falcons, led by 5th-year head coach Michael Huger, play their home games at the Stroh Center in Bowling Green, Ohio as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference.
3 seed in the MAC Tournament, they defeated Ball State in the quarterfinals, Northern Illinois in the semifinals, advancing to the championship game, where they were defeated by Buffalo.
While there is some forest habitat, the region has mostly been converted to agriculture, being one of the most populous areas in the world (approximately 190 million people).
The Huang He Mixed Forests ecoregion covers the North China plain, a large alluvial plain which collects the deposits of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Huai River, and the Hai River.
This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials and a warm summer (at least four months averaging over , but no month averaging over , and cold winters having monthly precipitation less than one-tenth of the wettest summer month.
The 2020 V.League 1 season (or LS V.League 1 2020 for sponsorship reasons) will be the 37th season of the V.League 1, the highest division of Football in Vietnam.
In order to preserve the chronological evolution, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards.
For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 16.
Lunda Wells (born February 10, 1983) is an American football coach who is the tight ends coach of the Dallas Cowboys.
The son of Wajid Ali Shah was Birjis Qadr, who had married Mehtab Ara, a granddaughter of Bahadur Shah Zafar, and had two sons Khurshid Qadr and Meher Quder.
Meher Quder's three sons are Anjum Quder of Calcuta, Dr. Kaukub Quder of Aligarh and Nayyer Quder, a Barrister in London.
The Oudh State was a princely state, with a population of around five million people, in the Awadh region of North India until annexation by the British in 1856.
The British seized the throne from the Nawab of Awadh, removing Ramzan Ali and forcing him to spend the rest of his life in Nepal in exile.
In 1911, Edward VIII visited Delhi, and Zamrud Mahal, the grandmother of Begum Wilayat Mahal, allegedly appeared before him and refused to accept a stipend.
In 1947, the first prime minister of an independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, granted the family an ancestral palace in Srinagar, Kashmir.
They lived on a railroad platform for three years, originally in the first class waiting room, then in a portico, before moving to a waiting room that was built for Louis Mountbatten, the last Governor-General of India.
She also tracked down a relative, known as Shahid, in Bradford, England, who had been sending Western Union payments to the family.
During the partition of India, she had been forced to move from Lucknow to Pakistan, which she did not want to do.
In the early 1970s, still empty-handed, increasingly bizarre in her behavior, Wilayat announced to the world that she was the queen of Oudh, demanding the vast properties of a kingdom that no longer existed.
The Busca Una Mujer Tour was a concert tour performed by Luis Miguel during 1989 and 1990 to promote his last album Busca una Mujer.
In the early 2000s Lun*na partnered with Sukho Lee for the band Seksu Roba, created the musical entity Jean Paul Yamamoto and currently performs with Saori Mitome as Les Sewing Sisters.
Since the early 1990s she has presented work at Los Angeles art spaces and unique venues including Beyond Baroque, Track 16 Gallery, Velaslavasay Panorama.
The 2020 Indonesian Basketball League is the fifth season since the re-branding by Starting5, and the first season since led by a new commissioner, Junas Miradiarsyah due to Hasan Gozali's end of contract as the commissioner.
The regular season will begin on 10 January 2020 and ends on 22 March 2020, with the Playoffs starting on 27 March 2020 until 18 or 19 April 2020.
There was no official Pre-Season held for this season, however 2019 Indonesia President's Cup that was held from 20 November to 24 November 2019 in Solo, Indonesia was treated as the pre-season.
Each club in the first divisions will be allowed up to three registered foreign players, excluding one foreign-born player who has become a naturalized Indonesian citizen.
After getting into trouble as an early teen, he discovered drawing and painting when his grandfather, a painter, gave him a tackle box filled with oil paints.
Perry graduated from the Minneapolis College of Art and Design in 2003 after changing his major from Art to Graphic Design.
After he was rejected for an internship at the Walker Art Center, the museum's design director, Andrew Blauvelt, wrote a note suggesting he apply for a job at Urban Outfitters.
He has taught at Minneapolis College of Art and Design in Minneapolis, Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Parsons School of Design in New York City.
Brand consulting work as creative director and designer includes projects for The New York Times, Dolby, Jameson, the Tonight Show, Facebook, Microsoft, Honda and Insound.
In Brooklyn in 2013 he had several projects: street art on a construction site; a playground mural at the school P.S.
In 2014, he created a mural for a Chipotle restaurant in Los Angeles, and a mural in Breda, the Netherlands, featuring a poem by Frank Nicholas, and later in 2015, he made a mural and installation for Facebook in New York.
In 2016, Perry made one of New York City's largest rooftop murals in Brooklyn at the workspace a/d/o, and in 2017 he completed a multifloor mural in Cleveland incorporating a Tyehimba Jess poem.
On March 18, 1974, in addition to this selection process, the WFL held a Pro Draft of players from the NFL and CFL.
In 1975, because of the uncertainties facing the WFL, only a Pro Draft of entire NFL and CFL teams was held at its league meetings in Birmingham, Alabama.
Songwriting duo Dickey Lee and Allen Reynolds were credited with helping to land the gig, and McDill would remain professionally involved with them throughout the 1970s.
The album was the first LP released by J-M-I in 1972, which was a small record label with independent distribution agreements.
The show is a collaboration between Lit Hub and The Podglomerate podcast network, featuring prominent authors such as Mitch Albom and Lidia Yuknavitch, alongside musicians, many of whom reside within Portland, Oregon.
Later that year, on November 8, Storybound was officially unveiled at a live performance for the Literary Arts Portland Book Festival pre-show, Lit Crawl, where they also announced their sponsorship with Powell's Books.
Season One will include critically acclaimed and bestselling authors such as Mitch Albom, Lidia Yuknavitch, Matt Gallagher, Kim Barnes, Adelle Waldman, Diksha Basu, Nathan Hill (writer), Caitlin Doughty, as well as a story told by Jack Rhysider, creator of the popular podcast Darknet Diaries.
Antipathes dendrochristos, commonly known as Christmas tree coral, is a species of colonial coral in the order Antipatharia, the black corals, so named because their calcareous skeletons are black.
At the end of the season, the top two teams in the division are promoted to the First Football League of Kosovo.
Tetsuya Watari was forced to step down from the role of Katsu Kaishū because of his illness so he appeared only first 9 episodes.
Needle Peak is a prominent mountain summit located in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area, in the North Cascades of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
Due to its close proximity to the Coquihalla Highway, the mountain is a popular hiking destination in summer, and skiing and snowshoeing in winter.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Needle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Golconda Skate Park, also known as Fat Kid, is a public skate park in Downtown Brooklyn that originated as a DIY skate spot.
Built under the Brooklyn Queens Expressway, the 18,000 square foot professionally built skate park was completed in 2016 and sits within Golconda Playground.
Located under the Brooklyn Queens Expressway, the park originated as a D.I.Y skate park known as Fat Kid or the Fat Kid spot.
In 2013, work began on a 3.7 million dollar redesign of Golconda playground which included a redesign of the old D.I.Y skate park into a public skate park that flows with the design of the entire park.
Starting in early 2019, the NYC Skateboard Coalition, working with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, hosts monthly clean-ups at Golconda to mitigate the debris that build up in the park.
Also in November 2019, the NYC Skateboard Coalition installed a lock box for brooms and other tools to be stored in an accessible place at Golconda for park locals to clean the skatepark themselves.
The DIY skate spot that became Golconda Skate Park got its original name, Fat Kid Spot, because of its low-impact obstacles, which were relatively close to the ground.
Circa 2004 the school had a debt of about $20 million, and in 2009 the debt was down to $12.5 million; the school had incurred debt partly due to renovations of the Millbrook school and the construction of the Rockford school.
That year Richard DeVos and Helen DeVos gave a donation of $10 million, and the debt was reduced to $2.5 million.
Members of the DeVos family have consistently donated to the school system: the Dick and Betsy DeVos Family Foundation gave the school system $2,390,000 in the years 1999 through 2014.
In 2013 members of the DeVos family donated a total of over $6.8 million to the school, including $3.2 million from Doug DeVos, $300,000 from Dick DeVos, and $20,400 from Dan DeVos.
DeJonge is a personal friend of the family, including U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, who enrolled her children in this school system.
Betsy DeVos stated that GRCS student body had more ethnic diversity than that of the public schools in Ada Township, Michigan.
About 30% of the total GRCS student body is eligible for school food service at a lower price and/or at no price at all.
Prior to the center's establishment, the high school students attended chapel at multiple churches because they could not fit in the same church building.
Markey was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Iosco County district on January 7, 1885.
On January 5, 1887, he was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Ogemaw County district and served in the seat until 1888.
Oceanic rocks from the ancient ocean floor are preserved in the Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone extending through Mongolia to the Sea of Okhotsk.
With the formation of the supercontinent Pangea in the mid- to late-Paleozoic, the vast Panthalassa ocean dominated 70 percent of the Earth's surface.
Paleomagnetic data collected between 1987 and 2010 suggest that the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic crust subducted under the terranes of Mongolia in the late Jurassic or early Cretaceous.
During the early Mesozoic, the Solonker Ocean, also known as the Intra-Asian Ocean closed bringing together two large continental blocks: Amuria and the North China Block.
Uranium-lead dating of basalt, dolerite gabbro as well as Silurian radiolarite gives ages constraints on the formation of the oceanic crust.
The 2020 IMSA Prototype Challenge is the fifteenth season of the IMSA Lites series and its successors and the fourth season as the IMSA Prototype Challenge.
The 2019–20 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team represent Kent State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Golden Flashes, led by 9th-year head coach Rob Senderoff, play their home games at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, also known as the MAC Center, in Kent, Ohio as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference.
The Golden Flashes finished the 2018–19 season 22–11 overall, 11–7 in MAC play to finish third place in the East Division.
The Roger Brown Home and Studio is a historic building at 1926 N. Halsted Street in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.
The building was the home of artist Roger Brown, an influential figure in the Chicago Imagists movement of the mid-twentieth century.
Though it was constructed as a store in 1888, Brown and his partner George Veronda purchased the building in 1974 and converted it to a studio and living space.
Brown's artistic style inspired his redesign of the home and its back garden; in turn, the home inspired many similar buildings in his artwork.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Brasília (; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Federative Republic of Brazil.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Brussels () is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Kingdom of Belgium and is concurrently accredited to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
The 1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 12th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8–1 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 406 to 98.
The Rattlers' sole loss was by two points to undefeated black college national champion Tennessee A&I before a crowd of 41,808 in the Orange Blossom Classic.
The team's statistical leaders included Galimore with 820 rushing yards, Dennis Jefferson with 708 passing yards, and Al Frazier with 405 receiving yards.
In 1861 he was appointed rector of the Presbyterian Maitland High School, before going on to establish his own school, known as Sauchie House (now Maitland Boys High School).
Apart from being an advocate of Christian missions, Fraser was an ethnologist and linguist, with a particular interest in Australian Aboriginal languages.
After graduation, he was assigned to Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), wher he obtained a Doctor of Science degree in December 1996.
From 1997 to 2001 he was a postdoc at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Clemson University in the United States.
Li returned to China in May 2001 and that same year became researcher at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) until September 2004.
The royal charters were reportedly engraved in Malayalam, Chaldean and Arabic on both sides of two copper plates (joined by a ring).
According to the Kerala traditions of native Christians, the Knanaya or the people of Knai Thoma were associated with the southern portion of the Chera/Perumal headquarters Kodungallur.
The plate was cherished by the Knanaya as evidence of their arrival to Kerala under the leadership of Knai Thoma as well as a notation of the historical, economic, and social rights bestowed upon them by the Chera Perumal.
According to the communities traditional origins Thomas of Cana, a Syrian merchant led a group of 72 Jewish-Christian immigrant families, a bishop named Uraha Mar Yausef, and clergymen from the Middle East to settle in Cranganore, India in the 4th century (some sources place these events in the 8th century).
This story may reflect a historical migration of East Syrian Christians to India around this time, which established the region's relationship with the Church of the East.
Elements of the Thomas of Cana story feature in ancient songs as well as a Thomas of Cana copper plates These plates are said to have granted Thomas’ followers 72 social, economic, and religious rights from Cheraman Perumal, the Chera king.
The first written record of the Thomas of Cana copper plates dates to the 16th century when Portuguese officials in Kerala took notice of the plates and their later disappearance.
During this time period the plates were in the possession of Mar Jacob, the Chaldean bishop of the city of Cranganore.
Due to an altercation between the Zamorin of Calicut and the Kingdom of Cochin, the homes and churches of the Knanaya community were set a flame and destroyed in 1524.
The Knanaya had a township and three churches namely of St. Mary, St. Kuriakose, and St. Thomas in southern Cranganore which according to tradition was built by Thomas of Cana when the community arrived to India.
In 1566 Portuguese official Damio De Goes records that the Thomas of Cana copper plate grant was given to the Portuguese treasurer Pero De Sequeia by the Chaldean Bishop of Cranganore Mar Jacob in 1549 in order to keep the plates safe.
Treasurer Pero De Sequeia then took the plates to the Portuguese governor of India Martim Afonso De Sousa who ordered the local people to translate the context of the plates.
After this point, the physical plates were kept by Pero De Sequeia and his successor treasures at the Portuguese depot in Cochin.
De Gouvea states that the loss of the plates had greatly angered the Knanaya who had no other written record of their history and rights to defend themselves from local kings who by this point were infringing on their position.
In 1603–1604 Portuguese Archbishop Francis Ros made a more complete translation of the context of the Thomas of Cana copper plate grant from an existing olla copy (palm-leaf manuscript).
And the king himself came and saw and called said chief man Thomas and he disembarked and came before the king who spoke graciously to him; and to honor him he gave him in surname his own name, calling him Coquarangon Caneneo.
And the said king, being in his great prosperity, went one day to hunt in the forest, and the same king surrounded the whole forest and he called in haste for Thomas, who came and stood before the king in a lucky hour, and the king questioned the soothsayer.
The historical context of the plates and the 72 privileges bestowed to Knai Thoma are especially found in the ancient folk songs of the Knanaya first written down in the 17th century on palm leaf manuscripts.
He entered, and when he visited the Chera King, in plenty he presented gold and coral and pearls and obtained the country.
That his greatness may be manifest in all the world around, he gave him marks of honour – the fivefold band, the eighteen castes.
Panans would historically visit the homes of nobles castes in Kerala and sing songs of heroic figures as well as legendary events.
After doing so the Panan would receive payment for their performance in the form of a material donation of items such as betel leaves and other types of charitable aid.
In particular, the Panans would sing of a story in the life of Thomas of Cana during the reign of Cheraman Perumal.
The four castes are initially hesitant to return to Cranganore but are persuaded by Tiruvaranka when he shows them the golden staff of Thomas of Cana which he was granted to take on his journey as a sign of goodwill.
After seeing the staff the four castes are content and in their satisfaction remove their own ornaments and smelt a golden crown for Thomas of Cana which they present to him upon their return to the Cranganore.
Wearing the crown, Thomas and Tiruvarankan go to meet Cheraman Perumal who is pleased with the success of their mission and grants Thomas of Cana privileges.
It has smooth coppery and greyish bark, linear adult leaves, oval to spindle-shaped buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and conical to cup-shaped fruit.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of five or seven a slightly flattened, unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
Mature buds are oval to spindle-shaped, long and wide with a horn-shaped to conical operculum that is two or three times longer than the flower cup.
This eucalypt grows in saline saltbush flats, mostly between Moora and Wongan Hills in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions.
In response to competition the company has been forced to climb the technology value chain and focus on high end products.
In November 2018 Moxa and Trend Micro announced the formation of a joint-venture corporation named TXOne Networks which will focus on the security needs of the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT).
In 2019 Moxa teamed up with National Taiwan University to launch a research and development lab called the MOXA-NTU Networking Innovation Lab.
The following is a list of international trips made by Kim Jong-il during his tenure as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and Chairman of the National Defence Commission, capacities which he served in from 1994 to 2011.
Read was served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Kalamazoo County 2nd district from 1861 to 1862.
Then he served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Kalamazoo County 1st district from 1863 to 1866.
The USC Trojans baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Southern California in the Pac-12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
The team has seen 17 individuals hold the head coach position since it started playing organized baseball in the 1889 season.
The zine covers punk rock culture and grassroots activism in various locations, including Miami, San Francisco, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, and New York City.
In early issues, the zine explored squatting, dumpster diving, train hopping, and volunteering with needle exchange programs and Food Not Bombs.
In 2016, Lyle produced a twenty-fifth year anniversary issue, which included interviews with Barry McGee, Danny Lyon, Rebecca Giordano, and others.
I became less interested specifically in punk and more involved in activism, and I started doing other self-publishing projects for a broader audience.
Cup-bap or cup-bop () is a food truck offering that consists of rice in a paper or plastic cup with a variety of toppings.
In the streets of Noryangjin, many students would come out to eat at the same time which had been causing long lines at restaurants.
Noryangjin had only offered very basic quick snacks such as hot dogs, so food trucks with cup-bop then filled the demand for quick, cheap, and more satisfying meals with rice, meat, and egg.
Food trucks are able to quickly fill cup-bop orders, because they stir-fry the ingredients in advance in a large frying pan; when the cup-bop is ordered, the pre-cooked toppings are put in a cup with rice and egg.
Because cup-bop is convenient to eat on the go as well as a more satisfying meal than other quick snacks, it grew in popularity with students.
Some of the most popular kinds of cup-bop are chicken teriyaki, tuna mayonnaise, pork-belly & ham, chicken mayonnaise, stir-fried kimchi, bulgogi, etc.
In Korea, cup-bop is a food truck offering that academy students eat for a snack or as a meal on the Noryangjin Institutes Street, and as it became more popular, new franchises opened near the schools.
Starting from Noryangjin's food truck cup-bop, you can now find shops that sell cup-bop all over the streets of Korea, plus dried cup-bop as instant food.
Bjørgaas planned to work in China as a medical missionary with the Norwegian Mission Alliance (NMA), but was unable to do so, as he had not finished his medical studies by 1949, when the Communist Party of China expelled NMA members from the country.
Bjørgaas earned his medical qualifications in January 1954, married his wife Kari in February, and joined the NMA in Taiwan by July.
Bjørgaas chose to work with patients with leprosy while in Taiwan, and Joseph Leyburn Wilkerson, a colleague of Lillian Dickson's, contacted him in August 1954, with a job at the Losheng Sanatorium.
As the number of patients increased, Bjørgaas moved his Pingtung operations to a mansion built in the Japanese era, and renamed it the Pingtung Christian Clinic.
When the area was hit with a measles outbreak, Bjørgaas went to Kaohsiung and asked American military officers to deliver food and medicine to the sick via helicopter.
When a polio epidemic struck southern Taiwan in the 1960s, Bjørgaas arranged for American-made vaccines to be imported and administered 4,000 vaccinations for free.
Bjørgaas was reassigned to a leprosy clinic in Kaohsiung in 1967, and left Taiwan briefly, before returning to Pingtung in 1974.
He established a medical ward for the care of people with cerebral palsy in 1978, as well as Victory Home for people with disabilities.
Bjørn Jarle Sørheim-Queseth wrote a biography of Bjørgaas in 2012, a Chinese translation of which was published in 2013 in Taiwan by CommonWealth Publishing.
Bjørgaas himself was awarded the Fervent Global Love of Lives Medal by the Chou Ta-Kuan Cultural and Educational Foundation in 2014.
The 1955 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1955 college football season.
In their 11th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7–1–1 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 369 to 94.
Florida A&M had been favored prior to the game, but Grambling upset the Rattlers to win the black college football national championship.
The team's statistical leaders included Willie Galimore with 780 rushing yards, Lawrence Williams with 299 passing yards, and Al Frazier with 258 receiving yards and 78 points scored.
Warner was born in Hector, Schuyler County, New York on August 12, 1822 to parents Seth Andrew LeMoyne and Sally Warner.
Warner served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives the Oakland County district, before the districts of Michigan were divided, from 1851 to 1852.
Warner then served as the Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives when he served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Oakland County 3rd district 1867 to 1868.
The RedHawks, led by 3rd-year head coach Jack Owens, play their home games at Millett Hall in Oxford, Ohio as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference.
The RedHawks finished the 2018–19 season 15–17 overall, 7–11 in MAC play to finish in fifth place in the East Division.
was an American professional basketball coach for the Chicago Bruins, leading the franchise's first season in the United States' National Basketball League (NBL).
Lifschultz had also coached at Crane Tech School in Chicago, Illionis, junior college teams, and Lifschultz Fast Freight in the AAU.
Rene Antonio Alvarado Sanchez (born 15 February 1989) is a Nicaraguan professional boxer who has held the WBA (Regular) super featherweight title since November 2019.
Alvarado turned professional on 2 May 2008, scoring a second-round knockout victory over Cristobal Ramos at the Casino Pharaohs in Managua, Nicaragua.
He compiled a record of 31–8 (20 KO) before facing and defeating Andrew Cancio in a rematch to win the WBA (Regular) super featherweight title.
Kardeşler was the main goalkeeper for Bursaspor in the 1980s, and had a long career afterwards in the lower divisions of Turkish football.
River Avenue Skate Park is a skate park located in the south Bronx built in 2010 and located next to the B and D train.
The River Ave Skate Park is part of River Avenue Parks, a series of parks built to offset the public space lost in Macombs Dam Park during the construction of Yankee stadium.
Butler North Secondary School is planned to open to year 7 students in 2020, expanding to year 12 by 2025 to take pressure off Butler College.
The girls, all codenamed after a type of berry, are given gadgets each episode by the head of the agency, Ms. Berry.
In the end of each episode, the villain escapes the confusion to fight the girls another day while things return to normal.
The series is produced by Atlantyca Entertainment in Italy, SLR Productions in Australia, Telegael in Ireland, and Cosmos-Maya Production in India and Singapore.
Since two segments are combined into one in the Australian broadcast of the series, the cold open in every second episode that airs is cut, but is retained in the Italian broadcast due to the segments being separately aired.
She previously served as the David W. Zalaznick Associate Professor of Business at Columbia Business School from July 2013 to June 2014 and as Associate Professor from July 2012 to June 2013.
From 2007 to 2012, she was an Assistant Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at Princeton University and Woodrow Wilson School.
She also served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury from 2009-2010 under The Office of Microeconomic Analysis.
To determine the changes in level of support for redistribution in the U.S., Ilyana Kuziemko, Vivekinan Ashok, and Ebonya Washington analyze American survey data over several decades.
Although economic inequality in the U.S. has been increasing since 1970, the study finds that the support for redistribution has remained flat, and has decreased significantly for the elderly and for African-Americans.
Possible explanations for this trend are explored, and the authors argue that the elderly have grown less supportive of redistribution due to worries that it would come at their expense through cuts to Medicare.
The authors also argue that African-American attitudes surrounding fairness in economic issues have increased, explaining the decline in support for redistribution.
Ilyana Kuziemko, Michael I. Norton, Emmanuel Saez, and Stefanie Stantcheva use randomized online surveys on Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) to analyze the effects of information regarding income inequality and taxes on preferences for redistribution.
Randomized treatments were provided to approximately 4,000 respondents with varying information on income inequality in the U.S., the estate tax, and the relationship between tax rates on the highest income group and economic growth.
Lastly, the authors observe that treatments informing respondents that the estate tax only affects very wealthy families have a large positive effect on support for the estate tax.
In this study, the effects of the transition from fee-for-service (FFS) programs to managed care plans on the disparities in infant health outcomes are analyzed.
Ilyana Kuziemko, Katherine Meckel, and Maya Rossin-Slater find that mortality rates and pre-term birth rates increase for black infants, by 15 percent and 7 percent, respectively, and decrease for Hispanic infants by 22 percent and 7 percent, respectively, under private Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) plans.
Krueger and Kuziemko argue that these results suggest that under the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, an estimate of 29 million uninsured individuals are projected to gain coverage.
Furthermore, the authors argue that the results of the study show that the effects of such policies in increasing coverage rates have been greatly underestimates in previous studies.
To study how parole and fixed sentencing affect recidivism rates, Ilyana Kuziemko analyzes data from the Georgia Department of Corrections over several decades.
The study finds that parole boards efficiently set prison time based on a prisoner's recidivism risk, thus reducing recidivism within three years of release by 1.3 percentage points.
The 1958 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 14th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7–2 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 263 to 135.
The team's statistical leaders included Leroy Hardee with 704 rushing yards, 99 receiving yards, and 52 points scored, and Lee Royster with 269 passing yards.
He is specialized in trauma treatments, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, child sexual abuse, addiction, psychosomatic problems, interpersonal problems, and many more.
Zvika started his carrier at , Rotterdam, The Netherlands, one of the largest psychiatric hospitals in the Netherlands, where he was a teacher for 27 years.
In 2006, Zvika Frank co-operated with Chinese psychological institutions for the first time to open a dance therapy workshop in the Mainland China, which has drawn great attention from the industry.
He not only introduced dance therapy from the United States to the Netherlands, but also trained a large number of young dance therapists.
He gave lecture on dance psychotherapy and trained many students up in many institution, including Peking University, Zhejiang University School of Management, Putian University and so on.
the total area of the park is 20 acres and it was the first type of health park in Andhra Pradesh with the facilities of Yoga, Gym and cycle track .
Rice was born on a farm in Plainfield Township, Kent County, Michigan on July 26, 1885 to parents Nathaniel and Adelia Rice.
Rice was first sworn in as a Member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Newaygo County district on January 1, 1913.
In his final term served on the Michigan House of Representatives, Rice was the Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives.
Elizabeth Sornam Cornelius Appasamy (1878 – 1963), known professionally as Mrs. Paul Appasamy or E. S. Appasamy, was an Indian social worker and educator, working in Madras with the YWCA, and as national secretary of the National Missionary Society in India in the 1920s.
Elizabeth Sornam (or Swarnam) Cornelius was born in 1878, one of the ten children of Solomon Duraisamy Cornelius and Esther Rajanayagam.
She attended Epiphany High School in Poona, and was the fifth woman to enroll at Presidency College of Madras, and earned a bachelor's degree there.
In 1928 she wrote a biography of Pandita Ramabai, and traveled in the United States as she attended an international meeting in Detroit, Michigan.
Her daughter Vimala Appasamy graduated from Mount Holyoke College, was headmistress of the Vidyodaya School from 1936 to 1965, and wrote a songbook for the school.
Maruta Rubens Gardner (February 20, 1947 – February 13, 2016) was an American community activist and public school administrator serving in the roles of teacher, vice principal, principal, and assistant superintendent of schools in San Diego County, California.
She then earned a bachelor of arts degree in education in 1969 from Parsons College in Fairfield, Iowa, received a master of arts in administration and supervision in 1976 from San Diego State University, and a doctorate in administration in 1988 from the University of Southern California.
Gardner worked for 38 years in public education, teaching school before becoming an administrator, vice principal, a principal at Mission Bay High School, assistant superintendent of the Poway Unified School District, and an instructional leader at the Institute for Learning at San Diego Unified School District.
When Gardner retired in 2008, she was the executive director of the San Diego County Office of Education, Juvenile Court and Community Schools.
Before painting over graffiti in the beach area, Gardner would take photos and then send them to the San Diego Police Department's gang unit so officers could identify the gangs to which the graffiti was tied.
For more than 20 years, Gardner, riding a three-wheeled bicycle, hauled supplies and paint as she pedaled to different spots in the beach area to paint over graffiti in an effort to improve the community.
Gardner died from a severe head injury in February 2016 in what police called a road rage-fueled hit-and-run crash by a drunken driver as Gardner removed graffiti from a beach wall.
He pleaded guilty in June to gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated and was sentenced in 2016 to 11 years in a California State Prison.
San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer, at a November 2019 groundbreaking of a $3.4 million renovation of the playground at Mission Bay Park, officially renamed the Bonita Cove Playground after Gardner.
Every November 3 since Gardner's death, residents participate in a beach cleanup as a continuing memorial to her and to honor her dedication to community service.
A large mural, painted on a Mission Bay High School wall by artist John Vallas, was unveiled in Gardner's memory in 2017.
In 2017, Gardner's Irvington High School class of 1965 designated funds for a Maruta Rubens Gardner Scholarship, which was awarded in a ceremony to graduating senior Ashley Moreno.
Golden Legacy was the umbrella title for a line of educational black history comic books published by Fitzgerald Publishing Co. from 1966 to 1976.
Bertram A. Fitzgerald, Jr. (b. November 6, 1932, in Harlem, New York; died January 10, 2017, in New York City) became interested in black history thanks to his seventh-grade history teacher, who made sure to highlight the contributions of blacks in various fields.
By the mid-1960s, now employed by the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, Fitzgerald had the idea to create a line of nonfiction comic books to inspire and educate his fellow African Americans.
Contacting former Air Force colleague Leo Carty, Fitzgerald commissioned him to write and illustrate a comic book story about Toussaint Louverture and the birth of Haiti.
He was able to make the case that blacks bought more Coca-Cola per capita than white customers, and that the company should cater more to that audience by supporting his struggling publishing company.
African-American historian Benjamin Arthur Quarles, then a professor of History at Morgan State College, was brought on as a consultant, and the issue featured a full-color back cover ad for the Coca-Cola Company featuring photos of African American models.
Howard Darden became Fitzgerald's art director with issue #7; he also illustrated volumes on Frederick Douglass (issues #7–8; 1969–1970) and ancient African kingdoms (issue #15; 1972).
In 1983, Bill R. Baylor of Baylor Publishing Co. and Community Enterprizes, fraudulently convinced Fitzgerald's printer that he had bought the business from Fitzgerald.
Dursun made his professional debut for Trabzonspor in a 3-1 UEFA Europa League loss to FC Krasnodar on 7 November 2019.
Akpınar made his professional debut for Trabznnspor in a 3-1 UEFA Europa League loss to FC Krasnodar on 7 November 2019.
Karla Leigh Hoffman is an American operations researcher, and the former president of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
Her research has focused on practical applications of operations research and optimization to problems including transportation scheduling, airport landing slot allocation, spectrum auctions, and telecommunications budgeting.
She became a postdoctoral researcher at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1975 and remained at NIST as a mathematics researcher in the Operations Research Division until 1984, when she moved to George Mason University.
She was promoted to full professor in 1989, and served as acting chair and chair of her department from 1996 to 2001, seeing it through a change of name from operations research and operations engineering to systems engineering and operations research.
In 1984, Hoffman won both the Department of Commerce Silver Medal and the inaugural Applied Research Award of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences elected her as a Fellow in 2003, and gave her their George E. Kimball Medal for distinguished service to the institute and the profession in 2005.
In 2009 she became the first recipient of the Harvey J. Greenberg Impact Award for Service to the INFORMS Computing Society.
In 2018, a team of researchers organized by Hoffman and working for the Federal Communications Commission on spectrum allocation won the INFORMS Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Advanced Analytics, Operations Research, and Management Science.
Master served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Kalamazoo County 1st district from 1913 to 1918.
During the Parade of Nations at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games opening ceremony, beginning at 19:00 PST () on 30 November 2019, athletes bearing the flags of their respective nations led their national delegations as they paraded into the Philippine Arena in Bocaue, Bulacan, preceded by their flag and placard bearer.
Marie Jean Baptiste François Sabatier (2 July 1818, Montpellier - 1 Deceember 1891, near Lunel-Viel) was a French philanthropist, art critic and translator.
His father was a wealthy land owner from Languedoc, who died just before his birth, so he was raised by an uncle, the Abbé Roques.
Not long after beginning his studies at a Jesuit college, he declared his intention to become a writer and poet; running away to Paris to pursue that goal.
He also made acquaintances in the art world, including and Edmond Wagrez (1815-1882), both of whom would accompany him to Rome in 1838.
While there, he befriended several more French artists who were residing at the Villa Medici, notably Dominique Papety, and was introduced to the philosophy of Charles Fourier.
During this trip, he met the Austrian opera singer, Caroline Ungher, who was famous for helping Beethoven acknowledge the applause at the premier of his Ninth Symphony.
In 1846, Sabatier and Papety embarked on a study trip to Greece, but Sabatier returned upon hearing the news that his friend, Bouquet, was dying.
The French Revolution of 1848, with its promise of establishing a government based on Fourier's principles, drew him back to France.
In 1851, he wrote review of that year's Salon; welcoming the rise of Realism and, in particular, the works of Gustave Courbet.
Following the Coup d'état of 1851, he retired to his estate, Le Tour de Farges, near Lunel-Viel; welcoming Courbet there in 1854.
In addition to notables from the art world, several political figures were also his guests, including the German revolutionary, Moritz Hartmann.
He also made a large donation to a retirement home in Neuilly, where one of his old friends, the sculptor Auguste Ottin, was a resident.
Androgen insufficiency syndrome is a condition most commonly affecting women, and is also called Female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS), although it can happen in both sexes.
It is associated with lack of energy and motivation, depression, lack of desire (libido), and in more severe cases changes in secondary sex characteristics.
It is native to the Western Hemisphere, where it is found in coastal areas from the Southeastern United States south to Colombia, as well as in Bermuda and the Caribbean.
The VII SS Panzer Corps was a panzer corps of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany which never took part in hostilities.
The headquarters of the VII SS Armored Corps were established on 3 October 1943 in the training camp in Morhange (north-eastern France).
The new corps was intended to include the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg and the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen.
At the end of December 1943, SS-Gruppenführer Matthias Kleinheisterkamp was commissioned to lead the Corps, but in February 1944 he was also given command of the III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps.
He restarted building the staff, but on 30 June 1944 the staff was merged with the IV SS Armored Corps, also led by Kleinheisterkamp.
Pierre Vernet (21 March 1943 – 12 January 2010) was a Haitian linguist and lexicographer, who created the Center for Applied Linguistics in Port-au-Prince.
He was instrumental in standardizing Haitian Creole (Krèyol) spelling as an aid to literacy, and the elaboration of French-Krèyol lexicons of terminology.
Vernet went to high school at Petit Séminaire Collège Saint-Martial before beginning studies at Paris Descartes University, where he would eventually earn his doctorate.
On 12 January 2010, Vernet died in the 2010 Haitian earthquake on 12 January 2010, while serving as the dean of the Applied Linguistics department of the Université d'État d'Haïti.
Belonging from Jaipur city of Rajasthan, Singh did his LLB from Rajasthan University and appeared from the judicial examination after the Rajasthan High Court reduced the eligibility of appearing in the examination from 23 years to 21 years.
When she was a teenager, she decided to become a physician in order to avoid an arranged marriage to a much older man.
When she graduated she was discouraged from practicing in Japan because women were only allowed to be either pediatricians or gynecologists.
In 1927, Mori moved to Hawaii and worked at the Japanese Hospital, which was later known as the Kuakini Medical Center.
Oswald Kohut (9 August 1877 – 25 October 1951) was a German journalist, publisher and writer with two pseudonyms, Franz Conring and Dr. Otto Hollmann.
Hiang'a Mananga Mbock (born 28 December 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Brest in the French Ligue 1.
The temple of Lord Thangjing at the Hill top is a major pilgrimage site for followers of Sanamahi faith in Manipur.
In Kanglei mythology, the hill is mainly associated with the deity Lord Thangjing who is the Guardian of the mountain and the protector of the South of the Kanglei world.
When the two armies met they fought an inconclusive engagement, both retired to their camps for the night; but whereas Antigonus's army disarmed and went to sleep, Seleucus ordered his men to dine and rest in full armor and in their ranks.
The next morning, as the sun rose from the backs of the already deployed Seleucid phalanx, they began their advance and caught the enemy by surprise, overwhelming the enemy and routing his army.
Lake City International Film Festival or LACIFF is a 3-day film festival held in Gwalior with a focus on films with themes around Arts, culture, tourism and history.
NDTDI is a tricyclic tryptamine derivative which is thought to act as a serotonin receptor agonist, though its pharmacology has not been studied in detail.
It is a structurally simplified analogue of LSD and is reported to retain similar effects, though with many times lower potency.
It has been sold as a designer drug since 2016 and was first identified by a forensic laboratory in Slovenia in 2017.
Edgar González Estrada (born 1 April 1997) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Betis Deportivo Balompié as a central defender.
González was born in Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Catalonia, and joined RCD Espanyol's youth setup in July 2015, from UE Cornellà.
González made his senior debut on 31 August 2016, playing the last 33 minutes in a 2–1 home defeat of UD San Sebastián de los Reyes, for the season's Copa del Rey.
On 6 July 2018, González agreed to a contract with Real Betis, being initially assigned to the reserves in Tercera División.
He made his first team debut on 1 November, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 away success over Racing de Santander, also for the national cup.
A by-election for the seat of Tweed in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 6 December 1894 because the Elections and Qualifications Committee declared that John Willard did not meet the 12 month residency qualification, having spent much of that 12 months in Queensland.
Management SOOP Corporation () t/a Management SOOP () is a South Korean actors agency that was established in 2011, and is currently operating as a subsidiary of Kakao M (a kakao company) since 2019.
Management SOOP was founded on April 11, 2011 by Kim Jang-kyun, who formerly worked for SidusHQ and Network of Asia (N.O.A) Entertainment (now Fantagio).
Jung Il-woo was the first artist to joined the company, to uphold his friendship with Kim Jang-kyun, who had helped him rise to stardom.
On June 27, 2018, Kakao M shared an update following reports that it was in talks to acquire entertainment agencies and created partnerships with three actor management agencies BH Entertainment, J,WIDE-Company, Management SOOP, and Korea’s leading advertisement model casting agency Ready Entertainment in order to globalize its content.
Janet Semple is a retired South African politician from Gauteng who served as a Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature from 2010 to 2019 for the Democratic Alliance (DA).
She was also Chairperson of the Democratic Alliance's Women Network from 2005 to 2009 and the DA's political head in Benoni.
Semple became Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance in April 2010 after she defeated incumbent John Moodey by just 8 votes.
Air Raid Attack Act of 1942 was a United States federal statute authorizing the United States civil defense to protect Americans and property from bombing attacks, sabotage, and war hazards upon the United States entry into World War II.
The Act of Congress established Civilian Defense regulations prohibiting the obstruction of the duties and rights of local districts, municipals, counties, and State officials.
Senate bill 1936 was passed by the 77th United States Congressional session and enacted into law by President Franklin Roosevelt on January 27, 1942.
The United States confronted espionage activities with the Federal Bureau of Investigation uncloaking the Duquesne Spy Ring in 1941 and Operation Pastorius in 1942.
The continental Pacific coastline encountered the Imperial Japanese Naval forces with the battle of Los Angeles, bombardment of Ellwood, bombardment of Fort Stevens, and Lookout Air Raids.
Empire of Japan discovered a gas balloon could travel thousands of miles if navigated by the Earth air current or jet stream.
In 1933, Imperial Japanese Military commenced the design and development of the Fu-Go balloon bomb launching nine thousand hydrogen balloons from 1944 to 1945 for the purposes of firebombing the Western United States.
Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam or Konthoujam Lairembi Temple is a holy temple in a sacred banyan grove, which is the absolute abode of Umang Lai Goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi, the consort of Soraren, the Sky God in Kanglei mythology and Sanamahism.
The temple complex is restricted to the joint entry of mother and her children, because the goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi departs her son Khoriphaba, being separated by her consort Soraren, the Sky God in Kanglei mythology.
Giuseppe Sasia (born May 26, 1886 - February 17, 1936), known as The Shepherds' Killer and The Haut-Var Killer, was an Italian criminal and serial killer, who, in the span of several months in 1934, killed at least 4 men in Draguignan, France, with the aim of stealing from them.
They moved to Les Arcs, and after his father's death, his mother returned to Italy, while he and his brother sold the family property.
Sasia, who was familiar with the place, also knew that the shepherd was gone during the day, and that he had money on him.
Sasia claimed to have had an altercation with the chauffeur on the road to Canjuers, deciding to shoot and rob him, before hiding the body.
He was walking around with his rifle by his side, perhaps looking for a new victim, and his attitude provoked the interested of the policemen.
As Sasia could not present a hunting permit, he was taken in by the gendarmerie, to which he instantly admitted to having hunted without a license, as well as confessing to his theft convictions.
The gendarmes discovered on him the watch stolen from the corpse of Félicien Rouvier, prompting Sasia to quickly confess his guilt.
From the on, the gendarmes searched his home, where they found six watches, five wallets and a pair of gloves, which turned out to be Galliano's.
Sasia admitted to that murder as well, claiming at first that they had fought before, before acknowledging that he killed Gianni so he could rob him.
When presented before the magistrate on the following day, he partly recanted his confession, recognizing only the two crimes for which there was evidence: those of Rouvier and Galliano.
The investigators discovered two transfers made on the days after the two murders, and the presence of several watches raised concerns about other possible victims.
After several minutes of deliberation, jurors recognized him as guilty of the four murders and condemned him to the death penalty.
While it was deployed in the public square, a large part of the service was set up to prevent from attending the execution.
A controversy arose from the fact that Sasia, an Italian national, was the subject of a deportation order from the gendarmes, since his first conviction.
Free-standing statues of the Buddha appear around this time, possibly encouraged by doctrinal changes in Buddhism allowing to depart from the aniconism that had prevailed in the Buddhist sculptures at Mathura, Bharhut or Sanchi from the end of the 2nd century BCE.
The Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara appears to have fully developed around this time too, also under the rule of the Kushans, following on earlier imagery such as the Bimaran casket or the at the Butkara Stupa in Swat.
The top of the statue was broken, and a full decorated aureola with flying attendants initially stood behind the image of the Buddha.
The pedestal is structured around a wheel on a columns, seen in profile, with two attendants holding flowers, and two winged lions on the sides.
There has been a recurring debate about the exact identity of these Mathura statues, some claiming that they are only statues of Bodhisattavas, which is indeed the exact term used in most of the inscriptions of the statues found in Mathura.
An alternative starting date for his reign is 78 CE, which would give a date of 82 CE for the statue.
The style of these statues is somewhat reminiscent of the earlier monumental Yaksha statues, usually dated to one or two centuries earlier.
Several seated Buddha triads in an elaborate style are known from the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, such as the Brussels Buddha, which may also be dated to the early years of Kanishka.
He worked as an assistant at the Center for Social Research of Dortmund from 1959 to 1961 and as a scientific assistant in Chicago from 1961 to 1964, before he qualified as a professor at the University of Bern in 1964.
He became a lecturer in 1966 and was an ordinary professor of social and economic history at the Free University of Berlin from 1968 to 1971.
The Our Lady of Lourdes Cathedral, () also called Nakhon Ratchasima Cathedral, is a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church which is located in the city of Nakhon Ratchasima, in the province of the same name in the Asian country of Thailand.
The church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary who according to Catholic doctrine is the Mother of Jesus, specifically chose the title of Our Lady of Lourdes a name of French origin.
In 1974, Morin graduated with a degree in sociology from University of Massachusetts and in 1977 with a Juris Doctor degree from Catholic University Law School.
On December 18, 1995, President Bill Clinton nominated Morin to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Curtis E. von Kann.
On June 16, 2016, following a thorough selection, the Judicial Nomination Commission announced that it has chosen Morin to serve as the next chief judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
UAE Second Division League is the third and lowest tier of football league competition in the United Arab Emirates, the league is organised by UAE Football Association for private funded clubs and universities with amateur teams.
He was a part of Lillestrøm's senior squad in 1990, and made his debut when Frode Grodås was sent off for punching an opponent, and during the subsequent suspension of Grodås.
He did not play first-team football in 1991, so in 1992 he went back to Sørumsand, and in 1993 Nardo FK.
Damsa is a 2019 Pakistani crime drama television series, produced by Asmaira & Kashif Dossani, Shazia & Wajahat Rauf under their banner Showcase Productions and directed by Najaf Bilgrami.
It stars Nadia Jamil, Emaan Khan, Shahood Alvi and Moomal sheikh in leading roles.The serial explores the topic of child traficking.
Tjoeij Lin Alienilin (born 25 August 1943) is an Indonesian archer who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in archery.
The lake has a basin area of which makes it the second largest lake in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug after Lake Krasnoye, and the 27th largest in area in Russia.
The Kakanaut Formation is a geological formation named after the small river flowing into the lake at the head of its northeastern bay.
The inner part of the lake has a fjord-like structure, with the mountains of the Ukvushvuynen Range, one of the foothills of the Koryak Mountains rising steeply from the shores of the lake's northern end, while the coast of the southern part is smooth and low.
The 2019 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 25–27 January 2019 at the Manchester Velodrome.
It revolves around the residents of a housing society GT Road, help each other find solutions when they face common, real-life challenges and get involved in sticky situations but at the same time fights with each other on small little issues.
He signed for Kvik Halden FK in the autumn of 1990, but instead joined Borgen IL before the start of the 1991 season.
Ahead of the 1995 season he went from Sarpsborg to first-tier club Kongsvinger, where he played the season as first-choice goalkeeper.
Unwanted in Kongsvinger for another season, he joined Fredrikstad and in 1997 Sarpsborg for a spell in the 1997 1. divisjon.
the institution had a total has 560 students with origins from 37 countries, and about 200 of them were in the high school.
Huson was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College there, He was Archdeacon of Leighlin from 1763 to 1769; and Archdeacon of Ferns from 1769 until his death.
Pineglades Naturist Club is a naturist resort located in Rolleston, some southwest of Christchurch in the South Island of New Zealand.
It is situated on of landscaped parkland and comprises a clubhouse with recreational and camping facilities, an arboretum with nature walks, and approximately 60 baches, of which a small number are available for hire (the remainder being club members' holiday residences).
Pineglades Naturist Club began as the Canterbury Sun and Health Club, a non-landed organization who met in secret to visit secluded beaches in the nude – an activity which was then illegal in New Zealand.
In July 1955 they purchased a block of land at Rolleston (then a small rural township) which had recently suffered a fire.
Clearing and landscaping the block took some years, during which Pineglades Naturist Club became a founding member of the New Zealand Sunbathing Association (now the New Zealand Naturist Federation).
In February 2016, complaints were laid with the Judicial Conduct Commission over photographs on the Club's website of a District Court judge playing pétanque in the nude.
Though the judge's name was never published, the case drew national attention, with negative commentary from former government minister Rodney Hide and the Sensible Sentencing Trust, and support from TV host and fellow naturist Paul Henry.
The Judicial Conduct Commissioner does not report on the outcomes of individual complaints made against judges, and no further action was made public with regard to the case.
Each year on Waitangi Day the club challenges the local police and fire brigade to a volleyball tournament, held on club grounds.
The Klepsydra of the Akropolis, Athens (not to be confused with the water clock klepsydra of the Agora) is a natural spring on the north-west slope of the Akropolis hill, near the intersection of the Peripatos and the Panathenaic Way.
It had been in use as a source of water since prehistoric times but sometime in the fifth century BCE the site was developed with several new structures built.
The site consisted of the paved court, a well, the covered well-house, a later Roman apsidal well house (subsequently a Byzantine chapel) and a flight of stone-carved steps up to the propylaea.
Empedo, argues Parsons, was the name of the spring and klepsydra the name given to the water made available by the fountain house.
It was Stuart and Revett who first identified the free-flowing stream on the face of the hill with the klepsydra mentioned by the ancient authors.
During the period of Frankish control, the klepsydra was heavily fortified, however, during the long period of Ottoman occupation the well fell into disuse such that the Turkish garrison of the Akropolis was forced to surrender at the siege of 1822 due to the lack of water.
Archaeological examination began in earnest with Émile Bturnouf in 1874, and with later development having been cleared from the site Kavvadias uncovered the paved court in 1897.
From 1936 to 1940 the American School of Classical Studies at Athens undertook a campaign of excavation, with this the paved court, fountain house and draw basin were fully exposed.
It was from this final excavation that it was determined that the spring house had been set into a natural cave which had collapsed sometime in antiquity.
A shaft was then opened into the well directly accessible from the Akropolis and a new well house constructed above in the Roman period.
Moses Somake (6 June 1875 – 6 April 1947) was a British architect known for designing Edward House, Karachi, B. V. S. Parsi High School building, Karachi Goan Association building, and Flagstaff House in Karachi.
Moving on to first-tier club Kongsvinger in 1995, he played 20 of 26 league games the first season, but only 6 the following season.
It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes, originally as TheFacebook.com—today's Facebook, popular global social networking website.
The document announced that the company had 845 million active monthly users and its website featured 2.7 billion daily likes and comments.
Underwriters valued the shares at $38 each, pricing the company at $104, the largest valuation to date for a newly public company.
On May 16, one day before the IPO, Facebook announced that it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.
The IPO raised $16 billion, making it the third largest in U.S. history (just ahead of AT&T Wireless and behind only General Motors and Visa).
The stock price left the company with a higher market capitalization than all but a few U.S. corporations – surpassing heavyweights such as Amazon, McDonald's, Disney, and Kraft Foods – and made Zuckerberg's stock worth $19 billion.
Trading in the stock, which began on May 18, was delayed that day due to technical problems with the NASDAQ exchange.
The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.
At closing bell, shares were valued at $38.23, only $0.23 above the IPO price and down $3.82 from the opening bell value.
On May 22, 2012, regulators from Wall Street's Financial Industry Regulatory Authority announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients, rather than the general public.
In recent developments it has been reported that Libra is being supported by financial companies like Visa, Mastercard, PayPal and Uber.
The consortium of companies is expected to pool in $10 million each to fund the launch of the cryptocurrency coin named Libra.
One of its first major acquisitions was in April 2012, when Facebook acquired Instagram for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock.
In February 2014, Facebook announced that it would be buying mobile messaging company WhatsApp for US$19 billion in cash and stock.
Later that year, Facebook bought Oculus VR for $2.3 billion in stock and cash, which released its first consumer virtual reality headset in 2016.
In late November 2019, Facebook announced the acquisition of game developer Beat Games, responsible for developing one of the year's most popular VR titles, Beat Saber.
If this happens, she will become the first African-American woman to serve in this board, and the second African-American ever to do so.
Nathan Schneider, a professor of media studies at the University of Colorado Boulder argued for transforming Facebook into a platform cooperative owned and governed by the users.
Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes states that CEO Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies.
In February 2015, Facebook announced that it had reached two million active advertisers with most of the gain coming from small businesses.
Similar to other online advertising platforms like Google and Twitter, targeting of advertisements is one of the chief merits of advertising visa a vis traditional mass advertising modes like television and print.
The US IRS challenged the valuation Facebook used when it transferred IP from the US to Facebook Ireland in 2010 (which Facebook Ireland then revalued higher before charging out), as it was building its double Irish tax structure.
On the basis that Facebook Ireland is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%.
In contrast, Facebook Inc. would incur a special IP tax rate of 13.125% (the FDII rate) if its Irish business relocated to the US.
Tax relief in the US (21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate) and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective US rate around 12%.
The insignificance of the US/Irish tax difference was demonstrated when Facebook moved 1.5bn non-EU accounts to the US to limit exposure to GDPR.
Facebook is making use of the Double Irish arrangement which allows it to pay just about 2–3% corporation tax on all international revenue.
It is a tributary of the Todd River and, like the Todd River, its naming is associated with Charles Todd; a senior civil servant involved with the Overland Telegraph Line.
The Arrernte name for the river is Anthelke Ulpaye and this name is shared with a nearby Alice Springs Town Camp which is situated on its banks; the Alice Springs Telegraph Station, which was once The Bungalow is also situated close by.
Charles River is long and has a catchment area of and it flows into Alice Springs from the MacDonnell Ranges to ANZAC Hill, where it joins with the Todd River.
The area where the Charles and Todd Rivers meet is called Tyuretye (sometimes spelt Choritja) by the Arrernte people as the true central point of Alice Springs.
He started his senior career in Bryne, but was not a squad member in 2000 and went to Randaberg; in mid-2000 he moved to Oslo and played successively for Skeid and Ullern.
Huson was born in County Kildare and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was Archdeacon of Leighlin from 1776 to 1777; and Archdeacon of Ferns from 1777 until his death.
The 2021 Caribbean Club Shield will be the fourth edition of the Caribbean Club Shield (also known as the CFU Club Shield), the second-tier annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU), a sub-confederation of CONCACAF.
The winners of the 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield, as long as they fulfill the CONCACAF Regional Club Licensing criteria, would play against the fourth place team of the 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Championship in a playoff match to determine the final Caribbean spot to the 2021 CONCACAF League.
Among the 31 CFU member associations, 27 of them were classified as non-professional leagues and each may enter one team in the CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield.
Winners advance to CONCACAF League playoff against 2021 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Championship fourth-placed team for a place in 2021 CONCACAF League preliminary round, as long as they comply with the minimum CONCACAF Club Licensing requirements for the CONCACAF League.
Schnell was impressed by the IBM 650, the first commercial mainframe computer that Alwin Walther had procured for Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt).
Already as a student he gave courses in programming languages and worked as a freelance programmer for Euratom and at the German Computer Center in Darmstadt.
In 1969, together with five other colleagues from the Institute for Applied Information Processing (AIV), Schnell founded Software AG in Darmstadt out of a garage with a starting capital of 6.000 German Mark and several patents.
The system was later used by numerous customers on the operating system platforms VMS from DEC, various Unix systems, Linux and Windows.
At that time, Software AG had 28 subsidiaries in 80 countries, more than 3,300 employees were employed and sales revenues at that time amounted to approximately 800 million German Mark.
Schnell then became a founder of the Software AG Foundation, one of the largest private foundations in Germany with headquarters in Darmstadt.
He is an anthroposophist, and the foundation supports projects in the field of youth, elderly and disabled work as well as in science, research, education and nature conservation, including the University of Witten-Herdecke and the Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences in Bonn.
In 2002 he was awarded the Medal for Services to the Foundation System of the Federal Association of German Foundations for his foundation work by the President of Germany Johannes Rau.
She is known for her drawings and mixed media paintings, as well as her short films, short stories and illustrated books.
Having completed her studies at New York University, the Art Students League, and Brooklyn Museum School, Gekiere found her way as an artist, painter and sculptor.
Her early drawing and paintings explore modernist abstraction and feature an earthy palette of blacks, browns and tans, while her later works experiment with assemblage, using everyday objects implying connections to figurative forms, like light bulbs, wood handles, toys, hosiery and books.
At the same time she got acquainted with famed children’s book author and illustrator Helen Sewell living in same house who got Madeleine into book illustration.
Gekiere’s art is in permanent collections of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Baltimore Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Dallas Museum of Art, and the New York Public Library.
Francesc de Paula Gambús i Millet (21 May 1974 – 23 November 2019) was a Spanish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament.
He was advisor to the UDC member of European Parliament of MED Concepció Ferrer in the European Parliament from 1998 to 2004.
Subsequently he was part of the CiU advisory team in the Congress of Deputies from 2005 to 2007 and then was Councillor for Commerce and Consumption in Barcelona (in a municipal coalition team between PSC, CiU and ERC) between 2010 and 2011.
He was a representative of the UDC in the commission of preparation of the electoral program of CiU in the autonomous regions of 2010, after which he was appointed chief of staff of the vice president of the Catalan government Joana Ortega, and later general director of Foreign Affairs.
The UDC leadership had initially chosen Salvador Sedó as head of the party's list with Gambús in the number two spot, but Sedó than resigned to run as a candidate, bumping up Gambús to the number one spot in the party's list.
Various sources pointed out that due to the bad relations with Ramon Tremosa, the MEP and number one of Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC), as well as the pressures of the latter party, not considering him sufficiently in favor of the sovereignty process.
As number three of the Coalition for Europe candidacy (after the CDC and PNV candidates), he was elected deputy in the European Parliament (he got 851 971 votes, 5.42% in all of Spain, 4 what it resulted in three seats), which will be integrated into the Group of the European People's Party.
After his departure from the European Parliament after not being able to be re-elected in the 2019 elections, he was appointed advisor to the MEP of the Popular Party María Rosa Estarás Ferragut, attached to the Parliamentary Group of the European People's Party.
Annesley Frederick George Harman (10 November 1864 – 18 June 1895) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1889 to 1894.
For many years he was one of the leading batsmen in Christchurch senior club cricket, but perhaps owing to nerves he was unable to transfer this form to inter-provincial level.
His best score in 12 matches for Canterbury was 45, the highest score on either side when Otago beat Canterbury by five wickets in 1891-92.
He was sometimes more effective as a bowler, as in his first match for Canterbury when, having not bowled in Wellington’s first innings, he took 5 for 43 in the second to help Canterbury to a 39-run victory.
Mabon moved into rugby union refereeing at the young age of 12, when a knee injury stalled his progress as a player.
He has also been Assistant Referee for the Women's Six Nations match between Scotland and Italy in 2019; and the U20 Six Nations match between France and Wales in 2019.
Kysela also had spells for HC Olomouc and HC Havířov as well as in France for Lions de Lyon and Brest Albatros Hockey.
Kate Townsend (1839 - November 1, 1883) was a brothel madam during the late nineteenth century in the district of New Orleans that was later to become Storyville.
Her luxurious brothel on Basin Street was the first of a number of upmarket brothels that the street became famed for.
After about 6 months she left Fisher's to work at a house in Canal Street and then in Maggie Thompson's house in Customhouse Street.
With the backing of her influential friends, possibly a high-ranking police official, a recorder and several council members, Townsend had a luxurious brownstone and marble brothel built at 40 Basin Street (later 121 South Basin Street and now 30 Elk Pace).
The house had white marble fireplaces, French chandeliers, furniture made of highly polished black walnut with damask upholstery, velvet carpets and antiques brought from European merchants.
On July 30, 1870 gambler Gus Taney was murdered in the brothel by Jim White following an argument after Townsend had extended Taney credit.
Taney pulled a gun on White, but before he could use it White stabbed him through the heart with a knife.
Although attractive when young, Townsend put on weight in her later years and is reported to weight 300 lb at the time of her death.
The arrangement didn't work well and Townsend had him arrested for forging her signature on cheques to the value of $7,000.
One one occasion she nearly sliced his nose off with a bowie knife that had been given to her by a policeman client and she kept in her reticule for self-defence.
In October 1883 Townsend started to pay a lot of attention to a young gigolo named McLern, who she received in her private rooms.
The next day Townsend was in the kitchen with her head girl, Molly Johnson, when she grabbed a carving knife and started making stabbing motions, saying she was going to open up Sykes belly.
Skyes appeared in the kitchen and Townsend attacked him with a breadboard until be fell to the floor and escaped on his hands and knees.
Townsend, Johnson, McLern and a friend of McLern got drunk on champagne in a nearby cafe, Pizzinis, on the night of November 1.
Townsend kept the kife in her hand and told the others she needed to cut somebody with it, and then said she was going to go home and open Sykes belly and left the cafe, Johnson also left the cafe and when Thompson went to her boudoir, Johnson warned Sykes to keep his door locked and barred.
Philomena, who had now been joined by the cook, Rose Garcia, opened the door and found Townsend lying in a pool of blood.
Sykes had changed his clothes and told the officer he wanted to give himself up and was arrested and taken to the Central Police Station.
Skyes told the police that as soon as he entered the room Townsend had attacked with a knife she had hidden under her pillow.
For the funeral on November 5, the furnishings were covered in white silk and the guests served with champagne, which had been Townsend's wish.
After hearing the testimony of over 20 witnesses, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty of Townsend's murder on the grounds of self-defence.
In February 1884 the court removed him as executor for pocketing some of the money that should have gone to the estate.
This claim was rejected by Judge Houston, who noted that the resemblance between Talley and Townsend was limited to nationality not familial alikeness.
It was built as a private property purposely intended for the then Grand Master of the Order of St John Ramon Perellos y Roccaful and his family.
It is now a private residence, generally not open to the public, and is a landmark on its own as well as part of a heritage trail in the city.
The façade of the building has a number of pears carved in limestone, an unmistakable emblem to the Perellos family coat-of-arms.
This site was chosen in order for the Grand Master to watch from the balcony the end of the procession during St. Gregory’s feast.
A religious niche at the top of the façade is listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands (NICPMI).
The building is built following the baroque architectural style, with a number of architectural decorations, including a stone balcony resting on four corbels.
Refurbishment works restored the building to its former standing in the architectural and social fabric of the town, the design began in 2001 and the project was completed in 2005.
He also served as the secretary of Revolutionary Socialist Party's state unit and general secretary of Revolutionary Socialist Party's central committee.
He also served as the secretary of Revolutionary Socialist Party's state unit and general secretary of Revolutionary Socialist Party's central committee.
Ptilimnium nuttallii, commonly called laceflower, is a species of plant in the carrot family that is native to south-central United States.
The official name of the gap is Temple Bar Gap, which is never used, and Honeymoon Gap is the name for the pass that goes through it.
Honeymoon Gap was originally called Temple Bar by surveyors constructing the Australian Overland Telegraph Line and it was first named by Gilbert McMinn who, alongside William Mills, camped there on the 17th of February 1871.
It is unclear why the name Temple Bar was given, although it likely relates to the original Temple Bar in London.
It is thought that McMinn believed this gap would be the gateway that would enable the telegraph line to pass through, however, only days later he and Mills would find the wider Heavitree Gap where the line would ultimately travel through.
Before the telegraph line was even completed leases were granted for the first cattle stations in Central Australia and on 1 April 1872 Ned Bagot, a contractor on the telegraph line, was given the right to graze cattle from Honeymoon Gap to, almost, the Ross River; no thought was given to how this would impact the Arrernte people.
The name Temple Bar Gap fell out of favour following the site becoming the honeymoon location for Robert (Bob) and Victoria (Vicky) Darken who married at the Alice Springs Methodist Church on 25 June 1942.
Bob Darken was given a week's leave from the army and the couple planned to camp for a week at the gap and borrowed a car and a tent.
It was not until 1981 that the name of the pass was officially changed to Honeymoon Gap and, in 2004, the NT Place Names Committee agreed that, despite not being used, the official name of the gap should remain Temple Bar Gap.
Hill has also gone on to win numerous World and European Masters titles including achieving a world W50 record in the pole vault of 3.51m while winning the 2019 World Masters Indoor Athletics Championships in Torun, Poland.
This is in addition to the world W45 pole vault record of 3.76m set by Hill on 3 July 2015 in Regensburg, Germany.
It was published by Hodder Children's Books and was the last in the series to be published before the cartoon adaptation, containing 16 short stories, one story more than the previous two books.
Fedora Funklefink is a notorious con artist who forces girls to pay to use the girls' toilets, forges her mother's handwriting so that she could sit out of P. E. lessons, refuses to let her father use his car after he paid for her cleaning the windscreen, and uses mirrors in exams to cheat, among other things.
On the way to plan her next get-rich-quick scheme, she spots a poster for a missing cat, offering a £10 reward.
The mother of the missing cat's owner answers the front door when Fedora goes to deliver but her daughter, Angela Tearful, runs out past her mother, excited that she is about to reunite with her cat, and sobs when she sees the black stray.
The black stray is given a makeover with paints, boot polish and other things Fedora can find until it matched the description on the poster.
Fedora shows off the dead cat and uses it as a ventriloquist's dummy to convince the family to hand her £20.
Fedora ran off to laugh maniacally about scamming yet another group of people and sees another poster for a missing cat on the same tree she found the previous.
His father rushes in angrily and checks the window—it was closed—but only his mother admits that she can smell the sardine, despite his father finding a sardine tin.
shouts his father, and then explains to his confused wife that Peeler was a character from a nursery rhyme that he remembers from childhood.
He leaves the room, followed by his wife, demanding that Alexander never bothers them again for the rest of the night.
The window latch reopens and a man dressed in tweed clothing and holding a butterfly net creeps in with strange-looking butterflies surrounding him.
He moves to Alexander's bedside and explains that he wants to help the boy stay awake, and takes out a key that opens sardine tins.
With the key, he peels off Alexander's eyelids and uses the net to catch the rest of his butterflies, and dissects them into eyelids to stick onto his face, with Alexander's on the top.
He floats into the air as he gloats, reopens the window and flies out, leaving Alexander with no eyelids, unable to sleep again.
The bully in question was Johnny Bullneck, a pale-skinned, overweight and angry-looking twelve-year-old who enjoyed interrogating students at random and torturing them if one of their answers displeased him.
One anecdote featured Bullneck ordering a boy named Miles to sneak out of school and look for three gallons of polka dot paint; the narrator adds that they and the rest of school believe that Miles was too embarrassed to return empty-handed because after he obeyed, he was never seen again, and was rumoured to have relocated to Darlington.
A girl briefly confronted Bullneck and snatched Timothy's glasses out of his hand so Bullneck decided to take the trumpet case instead.
Timothy roared at Bullneck and held the trumpet case tightly, snapping Bullneck into a sulking silence for a week and stunning the petrified audience into awe.
Bullneck's gang jumped out of the shadows to roll him through mud and tie him up, positioning him in front of the goal net.
Bullneck appeared and gloated about having the upper hand, taking Timothy's glasses and trumpet case as he explained his revenge plan: attempting to play Timothy's trumpet as his gang throws cricket balls at Timothy like a firing squad.
Bullneck put on the glasses and took out the trumpet, and began to play as Timothy tried to see through his blurry vision.
Back in 1952, Algie visited his aunt Fanny and uncle Herbert, with his pet dog Stinker and his best friend Col, in Kent for their summer holidays.
Aunt Fanny offers to pack them scones and Herbert's tomatoes; Ginger and Alice's mother gives them gingerbread men, and Sam's mother gives them a Victoria sponge cake.
They decide to open the hamper and eat despite the time being 11am and find scones covered in clotted cream, sardine sandwiches, a tin of spam, ginger beer and Uncle Herbert's tomatoes, along with the other families' donations.
The sun had disappeared behind a cloud when they wake up and Algie is disappointed that Sam (the noted logical member of the gang) suggests leaving for home despite only eaten lunch.
Col suggests fishing from a string in his pocket and a stick he could look for by the riverbank but the ultimate decision is given to Alice, who wants an apple from the orchard.
Col is hesitant to scrump but Ginger and Algie point out that the orchard is too big for the owner to notice four missing apples.
Being the tallest, Sam allows Algie to walk up her back and pick the apples, and the four children begin to eat.
Stinker leaps at the farmer to protect the children and Tregowan shoots him in the chest, killing him in point-blank range.
The children attempt to apologise, even consenting to corporal punishment but Tregowan points out that it would not bring the four apples back, so he has to squeeze every drop of juice out of them.
He gathers their bodies onto his tractor and drives to his fruit press, where he crushes their corpses and drains out the juice for cider.
When the newborn boy is ready to be shown to the rest of the family, each member passes the child around and gushes over the features he has inherited from each of them.
The queen points out that they never mentioned any features that her son had inherited from her but her in-laws sneer and ignore her.
The king wants to name his new son Norman, despite his wife's hesitations, but at the naming ceremony, he forgets his reading glasses and misreads the name as Noman.
In the days since the blooper, the royal staff have lots of trouble with the new prince, who keeps turning invisible.
The queen sews a babygrow out of lead from the rooftops with a balaclava but has nothing for the face itself.
The next morning, the new King Noman is revealed to the people of Misery with a face identical to the one he had the day he was born.
A boardroom of the Squarebrush Sou'wester chocolate factory is celebrating its improved sales for the year when an employee alerts them to a fly that has been seen around the factory lines.
The directors order production to be ceased until the fly is found but it had already laid its eggs in an open Easter chocolate bunny and flown out of an open window.
The affected bunny is bought by the mother of Serena Slurp, a stubborn chocoholic who will eat chocolate from anywhere, even stealing other people's or licking chocolate wrappers she finds.
One day, Serena catches her with the top of the handle broken off and threatens to tell their mother unless Eli agrees to be her slave.
Eli is forced to make Serena's meals, bring her chocolate with a wheelbarrow and fold her clothes; Serena would always take the broken fly swatter with her to blackmail Eli with whenever her demands were refused.
The mother is seemingly oblivious to the situation, only making an appearance to scold Serena for eating too much chocolate whenever Serena had locked herself in the bathroom to vomit.
Serena is ballistic because her chocolate supply is ruined and Eli cannot find any shops that have any bars and packets available.
The maggot that hatches from the egg grows inside her, feeding off the undigested chocolate inside Serena's stomach, and slowly merges with her DNA.
She runs away in terror and the fly follows her, begging her not to panic because it is still her sister Serena.
Eli flees to the living room, grabs the fly swatter and beats it to death with one strike; the fly's corpse lands in front of her in a black pile.
Science nerds are the most shunned people in school, so confessed nerd, Willard, left his science interests at home and spends schooltime pretending to be the most talented, namedropping, and globetrotting boy in the world.
Some students struggle to find an impressive answer to not embarrass themselves, but Willard scoffs at every confession, adding that he stole the Sun.
Through the crowd of impressed murmurs, a girl calls him a liar and points out that the sun is still in the sky.
The girl continues to accuse him of lying and the crowd disperses, realising that Willard was not as interesting as they had believed for so long.
Despite basing a reputation on far-fetched lying in school, he struggles to lie to his mother on the spot but she does not notice and allows him to borrow empty jam jars.
Willard takes the jars and his telescope to a sunny field and captures sunbeam particles by angling the telescope's magnifying end towards the sun and placing the jars underneath the eyepiece, which he examines under his microscope back in his bedroom.
He continues the process throughout the weekend until the entirety of the sun is hiding in jam jars under his bed.
Throughout, his parents would refer to articles in the newspaper about scientists from around the world's concerns over the shrinking sun, when he was out of earshot; and comment on the early sunsets, and Willard's boiling hot bedroom.
On Monday, Willard gathers his jars into a rucksack and staggers to school feeling triumphant that he was about to save his reputation; a sign on the school gates reports that the school is closed due to frozen pipes.
Willard struggles to improvise a few lies by claiming that he had built a time machine and had travelled back to a time when the sun was still in the sky so he could visit Australia, but when he came back to the present he had disposed of the machine.
His father is disappointed that Willard had made a time machine and never decided to show it to the rest of the family as his mother reads the newspaper.
She finds an interview with the chief of the local police, who alleges that Willard is the person who stole the sun because of his illuminating bedroom.
He puts on oven gloves, opens his window and throws the sunbeam particles out of it, and pulls at his carpet to scoop other particles and tips the contents out with the rest as his parents knock harshly outside.
When the last of the sunbeams are out, all the hovering particles mould together into a sphere outside of the window and explode, burning Willard alive as the reformed and recharged sun floats away towards the atmosphere.
He is always competing against Anthony St. John Smythe, who is always winning races and enjoys waiting for Ollie to cross the finish line to gloat about winning at him.
After embarrassing himself at another track race, Ollie is approached by an old man, who offers to train him into a successful athlete that will stop Anthony's boasting and put his name at the top of the running leagues; although unconvinced, Ollie accepts.
The next day, Ollie arrives at the stadium after school and is amazed to see the old man sprinting around the race track.
When the old man finishes, he gives Ollie his training schedule: at the end of every school day, Ollie must go to the supermarket and buy soup, take it to the old man's house and cook it, and then clean up after dinner.
They formerly belonged to Tommy Knock, a boy that was one of the best track runners in the county 50 years ago, who failed to win a race that would cement the title.
He wins the semi-final race and appears on the front cover of a magazine for young athletes, which is purchased by the St. John Smythe family.
Anthony, who is due to appear in the final with Ollie, is suspicious over Ollie's sudden success but is so furious that he eats some of the magazine pages.
Ollie tries to chase him but cannot move because his clothes are stuck to the seat, thanks to Anthony's secret glue container.
Ollie decides to forfeit the race and begins to cry, terrified that he will embarrass himself without his shoes but the old man convinces him to race and admits that he was going to give the shoes to Anthony anyway.
Ollie accuses his mentor of betraying him but walks out to join the race, clothes ripped from being freed from the seat and with no shoes on.
The old man explains that Anthony's death was the reason why Knock could not win his final race in 1941 because he was killed by a Luftwaffe bomb that landed in front of him as he was about to cross the finish line.
After her father is made redundant from the steel mill, she finds a job selling matchboxes and is paid twopence for every twenty sold.
Her boss uses her body to clean the shag out of his smoking pipe and throws the rest of her remains into an ashtray.
The story begins with an Icelandic legend about trolls, which are believed to be creatures that originally lived in the sea: 500 years ago in the village of Trollvik, the villagers hid in a church from wolves when travellers knocked on the front door begging to be rescued because their caravan was on fire.
Due to the name of the village, this was where the creatures got their name, and they were eventually driven out of the country by King Magnus.
In the present day, spoilt Simon discovers that his parents want to move to Devon and have already bought a house.
Known for his tantrums, Simon causes commotion in a clothes shop when he discovers the school uniform he will have to wear and locks his bedroom door when he gets home, vowing to die in the room if it meant that he would never leave with his parents.
He wakes up before 6am to hear his parents arguing over what to take with them before the removal team arrives.
His parents leave and secretly plan to return 30 minutes later to call Simon's bluff, and drive to a café down the road.
Simon's real parents return to the house, as planned, to find the Icelandic couple from Devon that they had switched houses with answering the front door.
One a rainy day, a cowboy smoking cheroot rides into the village and announces himself as the Son of God, a messenger of his father.
The villagers are in awe as the cowboy explains that his father can make wishes come true to anyone who follows rituals.
Mrs Cluck asks for hair rollers, one of their children wants a hoverboard and Mr Cluck asks for replacement golf clubs.
The cowboy orders the villagers to destroy their mirrors and dump the glass in a ring surrounding the village, burn all their shoes and cover themselves in ketchup and mustard.
The Dorks try to run but realise that they could not run over the glass ring with no shoes on and Nigel eats all the villagers and the buildings, and leaves with his son for Bombay.
In the years after the tragedy, a new village had been created: Pojo, which only had one citizen: the banished Mr Pojo from Dork.
Lorelei Lee never goes to school because she pretends to be ill every weekday, and her family believes it, no matter how implausible.
During school holidays and weekends, she makes miraculous recoveries but will suddenly feel unwell on Sundays or the last day of holiday and cannot go to school for a week.
Moribundus and the night nurse enter Lorelei Lee's bedroom and Lorelei Lee protests that she is fine but the two guests ignore her, preparing their equipment.
The night nurse turns her over to cover her back in leeches and then rubs poultice mustard all over her body, as Loraliliee screamed that she was healthy and promised to go to school every day.
Lorelei Lee points out that brain surgery seemed unconventional but Moribundus replies that his method is alternate too and takes out a giant injection from his medical kit.
Moribundus saws off the top of her head and digs around her brain with a teaspoon, pulling out a piece (which is said to be the part of her brain that makes her play sick) and eating it.
Still traumatised from Moribundus' visit, and with a hole still in her tongue as a souvenir, the epilogue reveals that she even hides common colds from her parents in case the witch doctor returns to her house, but had to stay home for a morning when a breeze blew the top of her head open so her head could be stapled shut.
A lisping Lorelei Lee suggests being injected in the head making the teacher laugh as he stroked his beard, which looked similar to Moribundus' thin, black one.
One day, Chico's mother is horrified to find Chico's stick people and doodled buildings all over his bedroom walls and he and Chico's father ground him for two days, assigning him with yet another apathetic babysitter.
Chico continues drawing, creating the enchanted land of Fiddle-Dee-Dee with a magical river where a blind sorceress lives in a castle and Knobbly Hobgoblins lurk in the caves.
Stan is too late to tell Chico to keep quiet as the leader of Knobbly Hobgoblins appears, takes a pen and draws Chico's babysitter with a snake growing out of her mobile phone.
Through magic, Chico is taken to the sorceress' castle and the sorceress expresses gratitude to him and explains that a human living amongst the land of Fiddle-Dee-Dee would make the stick people come to life.
Although wanting to stay, Chico believes that it is his duty to stay with his parents, regardless of their treatment of him, but through the castle window, he sees his furious parents staring at the stick people's mess all over their son's bedroom.
Chico's father rushes out and returns with a bucket full of soapy water, and dumps it against the wall where the castle is drawn, trapping Chico inside Fiddle-Dee-Dee forever.
Exhausted by their son's behaviour, Daffyd's parents announce that they are going on holiday for a week, leaving their son with his 93-year-old, deaf grandmother, Gwenyth.
Four days of Granny Gwenyth later, Daffyd had been trapped in the living room with her as she talked about her memories and various hobbies.
When he answers the front door, a man in sunglasses and a black suit with a machine gun is on the doorstep, who frogmarches him into a limousine and bashes him unconscious.
Mr Thomas pays the £10,000 ransom and Daffyd is returned home the next day with only a thumb left on his hand.
His mother appreciates that her son will not get into any more trouble for fiddling but he sticks it in his mouth to suck.
Her brother Callum is a neat freak, who cleans up after his sister, which makes Bessy suspicious, assuming that he is trying to make her look irresponsible.
One morning, her mother discovers a mountain of dirty laundry and empty containers behind Bessy's bedroom door and orders her to clean her room.
Bessy gets out of bed and attempts to climb the mountain but falls inside it and lands outside a cottage where six leprechauns live.
They introduce themselves as O'Reilly, O'Reilly, O'Reilly, O'Reilly, O'Reilly, and O'Reilly (real name Rafferty) and explain that they prefer to live in untidy places.
Bessy realises how much she and the leprechauns have in common and agrees to live with them for the rest of her life.
Bessy argues that they never said that she wanted to be their housekeeper and the leprechauns remind her that they shook hands, but Bessy points out that they never mentioned housekeeping and that she and one of the leprechauns shook hands on no agreement.
Anecdotes show him interrupting his mother at a party, the Queen, the Prime Minister, and a couple in the middle of flirting, offering to show them the veruca on his foot.
On the day of his sister's birthday, Lord and Lady Delaunay de Havilland De Trop had hired a children's entertainer, Mr Frankenstein the Ventriloquist, for her birthday party.
The suitcase is opened to reveal a ventriloquist dummy, which jumps out of the box to latch itself onto Jack's body and warns him to run away.
Jack believes it to be a trick at first but Frankenstein adamantly claims that the dummy is magic and says that he can teach Jack about the powers of the Elders of the Black Circle, giving him an address card to a joke shop in Great Pessaries.
A back door creaks and Jack looks in the room to call for Frankenstein as he looks at the creepy ornaments on the shelves, with eyes that followed him whenever his back was turned.
He turns to leave but stops when he sees decapitated heads of children hanging from wires over 30 transparent tanks of formaldehyde.
Frankenstein walks in, in the middle of sewing a new dummy, and picks up an axe as Jack begs for mercy.
A few days later, Jack's parents are still concerned over their daughter, who stands in the garden and mumbles a song that begs for her brother.
Lord Delaunay de Havilland De Trop opens a suitcase and pulls out a dummy with a sewn-closed mouth, explaining that he bought it from a Great Pessaries joke shop, hoping that it will cheer his daughter up by reminding her of her love of Frankenstein's party performance.
The audiobook was performed by Nigel Planer, who was also the voice of the narrator on the cartoon series and the co-founder of Jamie Rix's production company, Little Brother Productions.
Lieutenant General Samuel Graham (20 May 1756–26 January 1831) was a British Army officer who commanded the 27th Enniskillen Regiment during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.
He transferred to the 76th Regiment of Foot and was deployed to North America in August 1779 during the American Revolutionary War.
After returning to England in February 1784, he transferred to the 19th Regiment of Foot in April 1786 and was deployed to Jamaica in 1787.
He went on to become commanding officer of the 27th Enniskillen Regiment in January 1797 and was severely wounded during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.
After that he became Deputy Governor of Stirling Castle in May 1800 and then took command of the garrison at Cork in 1808.
The 1989 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 31 July – 6 August 1989 at the Saffron Lane Velodrome in Leicester.
The 1947 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their fourth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 293 to 58.
It is native in many countries and is used in traditional Indian medicine because its seeds contains the indole alkaloids ipobscurine A, B, and C. The species is sometimes called Ipomoea marginata .
Su is an expert in sexual dimorphism across species and her research in Diptera has shown how it is affected by ecological and molecular mechanisms.
The genera has only thirteen species, so the discovery of an additional species is highly notable, particularly because its location is in one of the most intensely populated cities in the world.
Su has researched mating behaviours in several species, but her most significant work is on flies and how genetic and social processes produce sexual dimorphism.
Su has studied the link between mating call and genetics in South-East Asian anuran (frog) populations and male and female courtship behaviour in jumping spiders.
This research has shown that genetic links between certain courtship behaviours can be seen within in species, which has an impact on our understanding of evolution.
Working within international scientific programmes, Su's research into the evolution of sepsid flies, has a particular emphasis on functional change and sexual dimorphism in sepsid species.
Su completed her doctoral research at Aix-Marseille University, France, after completing her BA and MA at the National University of Singapore.
Prior to joining academia he worked for a number of Engineering companies including G. Maunsell & Partners and Mott MacDonald during the course of which he designed a number of bridges.
The Norwegian Cricket Board became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2000, and the national side played its first international match later that year.
Most of the side's matches have been against members of the European Cricket Council (ECC), although in more recent years Norway has fielded sides in the lower divisions of the World Cricket League (WCL).
Norway is one of cricket's most northern stations however the game has a solid and developing situation in a country of just 5,000,000 individuals.
Regardless of endeavors to develop the game at the time, cricket had everything except vanished by the turn of the century.
The Norwegian Cricket Federation was built up in 1994 and, in June 2000, Norway picked up offshoot individuals with the ICC.
In May 2007, cricket got affirmation as a perceived game in Norway when the Federation was allowed participation into the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF).
In July 2008, Norway met the top nations of European cricket when they participated in Division One of the European Championship.
The Arquivos Históricos Nacionais da República da Guiné-Bissau (AHN; English: National Historical Archives of Guinea-Bissau) formed on 10 November 1984 per government decree 31/84.
Al-Hajj Meddie Ssozi Kaggwa (15 April 1955 – 20 November 2019) was a Ugandan lawyer, businessman, politician and corporate executive, who served as the Chairman of the Uganda Human Rights Commission, from May 2009 until his death on 20 November 2019.
He went on to obtain a post-graduate Diploma in Legal Practice, from the Law Development Centre, in Kampala, Uganda's capital city.
He represented Kawempe South Constituency in the Constituent Assembly and later representing the same constituency in the Sixth Parliament between 1996 and 2001.
Kaggwa also served as secretary and head of legal services in the Arab Libyan Bank for Foreign Trade & Development, from 1984 to 1991 and as Board Secretary of the Uganda Revenue Authority for five years, from 1991 until 1996.
He was a member of the Makerere University Council from 1999 to 2002 and Vice Chairperson of Kyambogo University Council and Member of Senate at the same University in 2004.
On the morning of 20 November 2019, while driving himself to an official function, 64-year-old Meddie Kaggwa collapsed inside the vehicle, struck the vehicle in-front of his and came to a stop.
The second competition weekend of the 2019–20 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held at the Ice Arena in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland, from Friday, 22 November, until Sunday, 24 November 2019.
It is a subsidiary of RATCH Group (formerly known as Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Holding Company), a public company listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.
RATCH-Australia came into existence in July 2011 when its parent company bought 80% of the previously-listed Transfield Services Infrastructure Fund via a scheme of arrangement.
After leaving the financial services industry, she volunteered at a children's charity in North Kensington and is the chair of governors of Bousfield Primary School, a local school in South Kensington.
Buchan contested South Down in the 2015 general election, coming 7th with 0.7% of the vote, and South Shields in 2017, where she came 2nd with 25.9% of the vote .
Dina Ugorskaja was born in Leningrad (as Saint Petersburg was known at that time) and grew up in a family of musicians.
Here her piano teachers were Maria Mekler and (as before) her father, while her composition studies were undertaken with the man who was in charge of the piano department, .
She was still only 14 when she appeared as a soloist in her first orchestral concert, performing Beethoven's 4th Piano Concerto in her home city.
Just one year later, in 1989, Ugorskaja made her public debut as a composer with the first performance of her string quartet at the Leningrad Philharmonia Hall.
Dina Ugorskaja was barely 16 when Anatol Ugorski hastily relocated his family to East Berlin, where they arrived without even having taken time to get their identity papers in order.
Slightly more than three years later, on 27 November 2019, friends at the Beethoven Institute were attending a memorial event for their former colleague.
She teamed up with her father to issue a recording of concertos for two pianos by Bach (Concerto in C minor: BWV 1060), Mozart's Concerto No.
Further recordings followed, including one of the Beethoven First Piano Concerto with the Pforzheim-based South-west German Chamber Orchestra conducted, as in the case of her earlier two-piano concerto recordings with her father, by .
It is fielded by Football Federation Australia (FFA), the governing body of soccer in Australia, and competes as a member of the Asian Football Confederation, having previously been a part of the Oceania Football Confederation.
In order to be able to carry standard-gauge wagons on the metre-gauge network, a Rollbock system was opened in Gossau on 1 July 1978, allowing operations on the Gossau–Wasserauen route.
Goods traffic ended by the end of 2003 and the Rollbock system was taken out of service on 1 August 2010.
Ariel Alfonso Uribe Lepe (born 14 February 1999) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a midfielder for Antofagasta, on loan from Monarcas Morelia.
He had previously played in Italy's Serie A for SG Cortina and HC Milano Saima, the British Ice Hockey Superleague for the Ayr Scottish Eagles, the British National League for the Dundee Stars and the French Super 16 for Brest Albatros Hockey.
Mikel returned to France in 2005 with Dragons de Rouen before playing the remainder of his career in the Czech 1.
The 1956 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.
In their second season under head coach Howard C. Gentry, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the MAA championship, shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 394 to 64.
The team was led by halfbacks Jesse Wilburn and Ray Mitchell, quarterback Robert Crawford, ends Don Taylor and Leon Jamison, and tackle Charles Gavin.
Mauro Jesús Maureira Maureira (born 1 June 2001) is an Argentinian-born, Chilean footballer who plays as a midfielder for Unión Española.
Gerald Weisfeld (March 1940 – 13 January 2020) was a British businessman, and the founder of the What Every Woman Wants (WEWW) retail chain, which at one time had 130 stores in the UK.
Together with his wife Vera, Weisfeld started with one small shop in Glasgow, and grew What Every Woman Wants into 130 stores, before selling the chain in 1990 for £50 million.
In 1990, WEWW was sold to Brown & Jackson, and was later bought by Amber Day, run by Philip Green, and Weisfeld was later acrimoniously dismissed as chairman.
Lawal began acting in small play productions when she had been convinced to venture into acting by a friend of hers whilst in school.
Lawal who was a victim of an unsuccessful armed robbery attempt that occurred in third mainland bridge in Lagos, Nigeria has created awareness of the incident by narrating her ordeal and suggesting methods to curb incidences as such to avoid a reoccurrence.
She further explained that creating awareness was the only solution as after narrating her ordeal, several other persons reached out to her explaining similar ordeals they encountered on the same route.
It commenced in 2007 as a Vietnamese film review and later expanded to include films from other Asian nations, to become one of the most important events of its kind in Europe.
Among its guests were many revered Asian filmmakers, including Fruit Chan, Noboru Iguchi, Miwa Nishikawa, Pen-Ek Ratanaruang, Pema Tseden and Midi Z.
The festival also engages in educational projects, publishes books on Asian film and, since 2017, it has also started acting as a film distribution company, bringing selected Asian films to broader Polish audience.
The People's Jury is composed of non-professionals (such as bloggers and film students of all ages) interested in Asian cinema and culture.
There was no competitive section during the first five editions of the festival (2007-2011), thus the first prize was awarded in 2012.
Developed by American studio Dead Mage, it follows the story of the Bergson family, custodians of Mount Morta, who must defend it from an evil called the Corruption.
Players take on the role of members of the Bergson family, with additional family members being unlocked as a player progresses through the game.
Each family member has their own playstyle and gameplay mechanics, and levels up as they are played, granting improvements to themselves as well as other family members.
The player must traverse a number of procedurally generated dungeons within the caverns of Mount Morta to clear them of various enemies and bosses.
Individual runs of the dungeon are bookended with returns to the Bergson family home, which sometimes progress the narrative or allow players to witness additional dialogue.
If a selected player was not under contract, the selecting club was required to make a genuine offer to the player within seven days subject to League Office approval.
Players were required to meet age and service requirements to participate as stipulated by the terms of the MLS Collective Bargaining Agreement.
Subsequently, the league released a list of all players available for Stage Two of the Re-Entry Draft on December 2, 2019.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Botoșani (Liga IV Givova for sponsorship reasons) is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Botoșani, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
14 teams compete in this season: the top 12 teams from the previous season and two promoted teams from the Liga V Botoșani.
Viitorul Albești, champions of previous season, lost the promotion playoff against CSM Bacău from Bacău County and it will stay in Liga IV Botoșani.
Incumbent Gábor Demszky was directly elected mayor in a three-way race against Fidesz–KDNP supported independent candidate Pál Schmitt and MSZP candidate Erzsébet Gy.
Joan Chauvin Marsden (née Rattenbury) (1922 - January 26, 2001) was a Professor of Zoology, Chair of the Zoology Department at McGill University, President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, and Director of the Bellairs Institute in Barbados.
She studied the ecological, physiological, and neurobiological perspectives of the polychaete worm and (co-)authored more than 40 publications, at least 15 of which from her time at the Bellairs Institute.
Her first appointment was a role as lecturer in the Department of Zoology and she quickly climbed the academic ladder during a time when there were few female scientists at McGill.
Shortly after the 1954 founding of the Bellairs Institute, Marsden and fellow zoologist John Lewis were the first McGill professors to exploit the research opportunities the Caribbean institute had to offer.
As chair of the Zoology Department, Marsden was instrumental in the creation of the Biology department through the fusion of the Departments of Zoology, Botany, and Genetics in 1969.
Before that, he was Deputy Chief of Mission in Santiago (since August, 2017) and Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the Secretary of State.
Hunt was a Presidential Management Intern working in the State Department, the Department of Defense and the National Security Council before entering the Foreign Service.
In recognition of his contribution to the Bengali language movement, the government of Bangladesh awarded him the country's second highest civilian award Ekushey Padak in 2018.
A Cry of Players is a drama by William Gibson, first performed in 1968, that portrays the young adult life of William Shakespeare.
Understudies were Ruth Attaway (Meg), Frank Bayer (Arthur), James Cook (Kemp), Leslie Graves (Susanna), Douglas Hayle (Heming), Robert Levine (Richards, Gilbert, Berry), Marilyn Lightstone (Anne), Robert Molock (Pope), William Myers (Hodges, Roche, Old John), Robert Phalen (Will), Robert Stattel (Sandells), and Barbette Tweed (Jenny).
The Somaliland side is under the Salaxley district and other side is under the Daroor District in the Somali Region of Ethiopia .
The 1959 Curitiba riots refer to three days of violence in December 1959, primarily directed against ethnic Arab immigrants, in the southern Brazilian city of Curitiba.
It began on the evening of 8th December, when a local policeman António Tavares bought a comb from the shop of Ahmed Najar, a Lebanese merchant, and asked for a tax receipt.
As the cost of the comb was too low, the shopkeeper refused which led to an argument that ended with the policeman fracturing a leg.
The violence only died down on December 10, with the deployment of the army who reestablished order and imposed a curfew.
14 teams, divided into two groups, participated in the league, with the top two teams from each group qualifying for the final round.
From this team developed a Swiss national team, who competed in the 2010 Euro Cup, and the Lugano men's team competed in the Italian league.
She was laid down on October 15, 1921 at the Hikoshima Shipyard of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (三菱造船株式會社彦島造), completed on February 16, 1922 and launched on 29 March 1922.
She worked primarily as a fishery enforcement, inspection, and survey ship in the Sea of Okhotsk, the Kurile Islands, the Bering Sea, and the North Pacific.
On 14 July 1945, while sailing on patrol from Kushiro to Hakodate, she was engaged by ten aircraft and received 6 direct hits.
Jenifer H. Moore is a career member of the U.S. Foreign Service serving as Chargé d'Affaires en pied at the U.S. Embassy in Minsk, Belarus since August 2018.
The United States has had no ambassador in Belarus since 2008 leaving it to the Chargé d'Affaires to cover the duties.
The relationships with the United States have been further strained, after Congress of the United States unanimously passed the Belarus Democracy Act of 2004.
On 7 March 2008 the government of Belarus ejected US Ambassador Karen B. Stewart from the country, following a row over travel restrictions placed on President Lukashenko and sanctions against the state-owned chemical company Belneftekhim.
Moore graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in International Affairs and a Master of Science degree in Public Policy.
It is a social species, and this has been suggested to account for its more diverse and extensive vocal repertoire than has been observed in eusocial species of Bathyergidae.
He was awarded country's second highest civilian award Ekushey Padak in 2018 by the government of Bangladesh for his contribution in journalism.
Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company Ltd (BOST) is a Ghanaian state agency under the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum responsible for the development of a network of storage tanks, pipelines and other bulk transportation infrastructure throughout the country and also to keep strategic reserve stocks of petroleum for Ghana.
The company is now tasked with an additional responsibility as the Natural Gas Transmission Utility (NGTU) to develop the Natural Gas infrastructure throughout the country.
Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company Limited (BOST) was established in December 1993 as a private liability company with the sole shareholder being the Government of Ghana.
The NGTU according to EC Act 541, 1997, provides transmission and interconnection services for natural gas throughout the country without discrimination.
Institute of Technology Gopeshwar (प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान गोपेश्वर) is an engineering college in Chamoli Gopeshwar, Uttarakhand, India is one of the government engineering colleges of Uttarakhand.
These institution caters the objective of Government of Uttarakhand to promote and aware of technical education among the socially, economically unaware or weaker sections of the society.
Established in 2013, Institute of Technology, Gopeshwar is rapidly moving towards being one of the most respectable technical institutes in the state.
All the branches obtained the approval of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), under Ministry of HRD, New Delhi in the year 2015-16 and successfully renewed in all subsequent years.
Passed diploma Examination from an AICTE approved institute, with at-least 50% Marks (45% in case of candidate belonging to reserved category in appropriate branch of Engineering).
Recently, the library is shifted to new building with state of art study environment, books, reading halls, E-Library (loaded with NPTEL lectures and E-books/EJournals).
Currently we have more than 16,000 books and we are in the process of adding more books in upcoming academic year.
In order to join students and staff with fitness thread the institute take an initiative to establish a common Gymnasium and Yoga center.
This center helps the students to keep their fitness in congruent with their studies and with the help of yoga they can release their stress of studies.
Institute established a Center for Innovation, Design and Startup, that helps the students to work in the direction of problem solving approaches, which in turn polish the ability of problem solving approaches that results in identifying the opportunity to run it as startup.
The center is equipped with, 3D printing, 3D scanner, Laser Engraving and cutting tool machine, along with component lab that consist of about over 1000 components that can be used by the students for different innovative projects.
Center for Innovation, Design and Startup run successfully since November 2017 established in the institute under AICTE mandate and funded under TEQIPIII.
About 11 teams was participated in SIH 2019 from the institute under software and hardware edition, and out of which 2 teams under software edition is selected for grand finale.
It's a matter of great observation that this is the first time students participated in SIH and reach at appreciable point.
The students have to attend the orientation session on 10 August 2019 organized by AICTE in New Delhi after which the submitted concept are examined by the exert committee and the selected concepts have the opportunity to showcase their prototype in National Science Exhibition and which later on have the opportunity of global exposure in South Korea and Canada.
Unnat Bharat Abhiyan is inspired by the vision of transformational change in rural development processes by leveraging knowledge Institutions to help build the architecture of an Inclusive India.
The Mission of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan is to enable higher educational institutions to work with the people of rural India in identifying development challenges and evolving appropriate solutions for accelerating sustainable growth.
It also aims to create a virtuous cycle between society and an inclusive academic system by providing knowledge and practices for emerging professions and to upgrade the capabilities of both the public and the private sectors in responding to the development needs of rural India.
As GATE examination is one of the way to highlight the technical understanding of the program by the students, and leads them towards their higher education and placements.
Institute organized a GATE training session through THE GATE ACADEMY (Empaneled by NPIU) for 4th year students from September 2018- January 2019.
When it is used for the background in portraits, and depending on the base color, it is called Shiro-kirazuri (white), Kuro-kirazuri (literally black, but dark gray practically), and Beni-kirazuri (red).
For ”Okikira” , you will paint the design with a mixture of mica and glue on brush, and the glue functions as a thickening agent to give texture to brush strokes.
However, you can only see the sparkle by picking it up and moving it, or tilting the painting to reflect light as with picture b) and picture c).
If you don't move it, you'll only see the ink color, or gray in case of kuro-kirazuri as in picture a).
The Bangladesh cricket team is scheduled to tour Ireland in May and June 2020 to play three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and four Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Cricket Ireland made the decision based on the lack of context for the one-off match, and the costs associated of hosting it.
Artym was promoted to the senior squad in November 2019 and made his debut for FC Karpaty playing a full-time home losing game against FC Olimpik Donetsk on 24 November 2019 in the Ukrainian Premier League.
As of November 2019, he was ranked 267 in the world, having reached a career high of 227 in June 2019.
The South Africa cricket team is scheduled to tour Sri Lanka in June 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
The following are the 26 postures of Bikram Yoga, as it names them; some of the Sanskrit names differ from those used for the same or closely related poses in other schools of yoga, and some of them are otherwise used for different poses.
The postures include 24 asanas (poses in modern yoga as exercise), one pranayama breathing exercise, and one shatkarma, a purification making use of forced breathing.
Robert Piloty (6 June 1924, in Munich – 21 January 2013) was a German computer scientist and former Professor of Communications Processing at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
He was one of the pioneers in the construction of program-controlled computer systems and the founding father of computer science courses in Germany.
As a member of the advisory board and chairman of the commission for the introduction of computer science studies in Germany, he was significantly involved in the introduction and design of computer science studies throughout Germany.
As a member of the general assembly and vice president of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Piloty had represented German computer science internationally for many years.
His research has covered a wide range of areas, from microwave technology, computer-aided circuit design and hardware description languages (HDLs) to design databases.
The PERM project under the overall direction of his father Hans Piloty and his mathematician colleague Robert Sauer established the necessary hardware and software basis for many further research projects in the then emerging field of computer science.
The PERM was used for many years in the computer center of the TU Munich and in the training of development engineers for the German computer industry.
After the end of the PERM activities, Robert Piloty went to Zurich in 1955 as deputy head of the IBM research laboratory and in 1957 took over the management of system planning at the German company Standard Elektrik Lorenz in Stuttgart.
In 1961, he became an associate professor at TU Munich and in 1964 was appointed Professor of Communications Processing at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt).
The idea spread quickly and a large number of languages were developed, so that an exchange was very difficult in the end.
That is why Piloty founded the international Consensus Language (COLAN) Working Group in 1975 as part of the IFIP with the aim of creating a basis for standardization.
There was already another curriculum, which came from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics and provided for a stronger emphasis on software engineering.
However, the Faculty of Electrical Engineering was the driving force, which is why in the same year the first computer science course of study in Germany was established at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering on the basis of Pilotys and Oppelts study regulations.
In the spring of 1969, Hartmut Wedekind and Robert Piloty had travelled through the USA together for several weeks to study the faculties of computer science there.
This conference met for the first time on 15 May 1972, so that on that day the Department of Computer Science was officially established.
He was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Mahad in the 1990, 1995, 1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election as a member of Shiv Sena.
In 1918, she was the first and only woman since to be appointed court violinist and the first woman to play in the Royal Danish Orchestra.
Born in Copenhagen on 25 January 1891, Gunna Breuning-Storm was the daughter of the physician Hoter Axel Breuning-Storm (1849–1923) and Gabriele Sophie Borchorst (1863–1921).
She studied the violin from an early age under Johannes Schiørring (1869–1951) and later under Torben Anton Svendsen (1904–1980), completing her education in Berlin under Henri Marteau.
After moving to Berlin, she débuted there in 1910 and went on to perform as a soloist in Germany's main cities.
She performed with the Berlin Philharmonic under Arthur Nikisch, Max Reger and Felix Weingartner and played at the court for Empress Augusta Viktoria.
She also gave a number of concerts in Sweden in 1916, including one featuring the composer Emil Sjögren with whom she played his sonatas for violin and piano.
Back in Denmark, in 1918 she accompanied the court pianist Johanne Stockmarr and was appointed court violinist, becoming the only women to receive the honour.
From 1926, she was the orchestra's conductor for the next 30 years, also maintaining the orchestra's educational role as a lively, enthusiastic teacher.
She also continued to perform as a soloist, on one occasion causing quite a stir by performing nine of the most famous violin concertos over three consecutive evenings.
Breuning-Storm is also remembered for playing first violin in the Breuning-Bache Quartet which gave its first performance in 1919 and continued to play until 1956.
Kim van Sparrentak is a Dutch politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the GroenLinks political party.
Originally, the fixtures were scheduled to be played in June 2020, but they were moved to early August 2020 by Cricket Australia.
The revised dates clash with the inaugural season of The Hundred in England, with several Australian cricketers expected to take part in the tournament.
The championship features production-based touring cars built to either NGTC, TCR or Super 2000 specifications and will compete in fourteen races across seven meetings across England.
For 2020, a revised list of regulations mean that both the TCR UK and TCT series will be combined to run as the same series; the Touring Car Trophy.
As well as drivers competing overall for the TCT title, drivers in TCR-spec cars will also compete for the TCR UK trophy.
The India cricket team is scheduled to tour Sri Lanka in June 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Mr. Coconut (Chinese: 合家歡; Pinyin: hé jiā huān) is a 1989 Hong Kong Chinese New Year film directed by Clifton Ko, it stars Michael Hui, Raymond Wong Pak-ming, Ricky Hui, Olivia Cheng and Joey Wong.
The films represents society's immigration problem, telling the cultural differences and contradictions between the lives of the mainlanders and Hong Kong people.
The film centers around Ngan Kwai-Na (Michael Hui) who lives in Hainan Island, is used to the culture of villages and simple life that villagers have.
One day, he get's a letter form his sister Ping (Olivia Cheng) and visits his sister in Hong Kong, as he endured the modern culture and The Hong Kong Streets of the late 1980s.
On the Chinese movie review website, Douban, it received an average rating of 7.4 out of 10 based on 3691 user reviews.
The West Indies cricket team is scheduled to tour the Netherlands in July 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) matches.
The 2018 Alpha Energy Solutions 250 was a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race held on March 23, 2019, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia.
Contested over 250 laps on the .526 mile (.847 km) paperclip-shaped short track, it was the fourth race of the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season.
Justin Haley was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 20.118 seconds and a speed of .
Grant Enfinger was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 19.921 seconds and a speed of .
His career included stints as the deputy head of the Chancellery of the President and as secretary of state in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister.
Sasin has a degree in history from Warsaw University, completing a thesis under Andrzej Garlicki, and later studied at Kozminski University.
Festivali i Këngës 58 was the 58th edition of the annual music contest Festivali i Këngës, which was held on 19, 20 and 22 December 2019 at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana and broadcast live on Radio Televizioni Shqiptar (RTSH).
The two semi-finals and grand final were held at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana on 19, 20 and 22 December 2019 respectively.
The winner of the competition was chosen by a jury of experts which is composed of 5 members: Christer Björkman, Dimitris Kontopoulos, Felix Bergsson, Mikaela Minga and Rita Petro.
The twenty contestants of this year's edition of Festivali i Këngës were announced to the public during a press conference on 24 October 2019, and the songs were released on 9 December 2019.
The twelve finalists were announced on 21 December 2019, and the winner was chosen by a jury consisting of two Albanian members and three international members with connections to the Eurovision Song Contest.
Todd Russ (born January 8, 1961) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 55th district since 2009.
The Mezcalera oceanic plate was likely subducted and consumed into the mantle allowing the Guerrero Terrane to accreted to western Mexico in the Early Cretaceous.
Speculative reconstructions suggest that Mezcalera plate experienced slab rollback in the east along the Mexican Craton and simultaneously subducted in the west beneath the Guerrero Terrane.
was supported by New York's African Film Festival, Inc. and ran for three days, from 30 September – 2 October 2011.
Patdaha is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Diamond Harbour police station in the Diamond Harbour II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Patdaha had a total population of 4,993 of which 2,552 (51%) were males and 2,441 (49%) were females.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games marketing is a long-running campaign that began during the one-year countdown to the games held in Bayanihan Park in Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines.
A preview of the logo of the 2019 SEA Games was earlier presented in front of the Olympic Council of Asia on August 20, 2018 in Jakarta, Indonesia during the 2018 Asian Games.
The official logo depicts 11 rings from the logo of the Southeast Asian Games Federation forming the shape the Philippines and colored with the red, blue, yellow and green.
According to 2019 SEA Games executive director Ramon Suzara, the mascot represents every nation, every athlete, every person coming together that support each other at the games.
The music video which was shot at the New Clark City Sports Hub was directed by Shem Hampac and was produced by Equinox Manila.
The song was revised, in order to be more suitable for a solo performance, after Lea Salonga was tapped to do the performance.
There are at least three tiers of sponsorship for the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, depending on the amount of funds a company contributes to the games; Preferred sponsors contributed , Gold sponsors contributed and Platinum sponsors contributed .
Currently, there are at least 50 sponsors: ten sponsors for Platinum, seven sponsors for Gold, six sponsors for Preferred partners, five sponsors as prestige partners, one sponsor for insurance partner, one sponsor for commemorative watch, two sponsors for banking partners, one sponsor for convenience store, seven sponsors for media partners, one sponsor for host broadcaster, and nine sponsors for broadcasters; while Bronze is still not yet announced.
Atos, an international company which is also the IT Partner of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, is designated as the official games management system provider.
France-based GL Events will provide the overlays and temporary structures of the 39 sporting venues to be used for the 2019 SEA Games.
Grand Sport, a sports apparel company from Thailand, is the official provider of the uniforms for the workforce, volunteers and technical officials.
Mikasa, Marathon, and Molten are the providers of the official game balls and sporting equipment of the games, all brought in by Sonak Corporation.
Autonomous vehicle (AV) service from United States-based COAST Autonomous will be used to serve athletes and officials between the athletes’ village, aquatic center and athletics stadium in New Clark City.
SM Lifestyle, Inc., an arm of SM Prime Holdings, was named the regional games' official venue partner with the venue for men's basketball and ice hockey to be held in facilities managed by the SM Group.
They will also cover events prior to the competition proper including the torch relays in the Philippines and Malaysia, as well as the Game Hub and Fan Zones.
Mastercard is the main sponsor of the games' official mobile app which would allow users to view the schedule and results as well purchase tickets and food in the venue.
The organizers secured insurance for the games' athletes and officials from Standard Insurance Co. Inc. which covered a period of October 15 to December 15, 2019 with each beneficiary having a coverage of .
The insurance plan covers death or any accident related injuries incurred both during the games and in training, and losses due to sabotage and terrorist acts.
Louis Émile Georges Gratia (17 September 1878 – 31 October 1962) was a French musician, composer, musicologist, musical editor and arranger.
His father was the painter Charles Louis Gratia (1815–1911) who, after his return to France in 1867, settled for a time in Lunéville and remarried.
Gratia specialized in music education, making editions of piano music and arrangements for effective piano pedagogy and acquisition of music theory.
His work won the attention and support of important French musicians and teachers like organist Charles-Marie Widor and pianist Isidor Philipp.
The 2018–19 Liga IV Alba was the 51st season of the Liga IV Alba, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The Association des Veillet/te d'Amérique inc (Veillet/te Association of America inc) is a non-profit organization bringing together the descendants of the couple Jean Veillet (1664-1741) and Catherine Lariou (1683-1756), as well as than their related people.
Although the Mauricie is historically the main home of the descendants of Veillet/te in America, the Association represents all the descendants in America.
The vision of this association is to allow individuals of Veillet/te surname to know their origin, to write their story and make it known.
• commemorate cultural events and/or historical facts about the Veillet/te families in America, including the tercentenary of Jean Veillet's arrival in America.
After its adoption by the Association, the motto was affixed in the ribbon at the bottom of the coat of arms representing the American Veillet.
A vast campaign of collection of family records since 1986 had allowed a pooling of historical and genealogical data of families.
The Toco orogeny was a mountain building affecting the rocks of northern Chile and northwestern Argentina during the Late Carboniferous and Permian.
She was the chief labour inspector (2006–2008), minister in the Chancellery of the President (2009–2010), and minister of family, labour and social policy (2009).
She was part of the regional legislature in the Silesian Voivodeship, and is now in her second term as an MP.
Joseph M. Young became Chargé d'Affaires ad interim, U.S. Embassy Tokyo, on July 20, 2019 due to the departure of William Hagerty as Ambassador.
Young is a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service who served as Deputy Chief of Mission at Embassy Tokyo from 2017 to 2019.
Victoria Museum, now called Supreme Court Registry, Karachi, founded as Victoria and Elbert Museum, is a building in Karachi which houses Supreme Court of Pakistan Karachi registry branch.
It was founded by the Duke of Connaught in 1887 during the reign of Queen Victoria as a museum then known as Victoria and Elbert Museum.
It had stuffed animals, artefacts from the Mohenjo-Daro, statues of people of Hind and abroad, portraits, paintings, and pictures of famous people from around the world.
The perturbed γ-γ angular correlation, PAC for short or PAC-Spectroscopy, is a method of nuclear solid-state physics with which magnetic and electric fields in crystal structures can be measured.
With this very sensitive method, which requires only about 10-1000 billion atoms of a radioactive isotope per measurement, material properties in the local structure, phase transitions, magnetism and diffusion can be investigated.
The PAC method is related to nuclear magnetic resonance and the Mössbauer effect, but shows no signal attenuation at very high temperatures.
However, it was recognized early on that electric and magnetic fields interact with the nuclear moment, providing the basis for a new form of material investigation: nuclear solid-state spectroscopy.
After Abragam and Pound published their work on the theory of PAC in 1953 including extra nuclear fields, many studies with PAC were carried out afterwards.
In the 1960s and 1970s, interest in PAC experiments sharply increased, focusing mainly on magnetic and electric fields in crystals into which the probe nuclei were introduced.
While until about 2008 PAC instruments used conventional high-frequency electronics of the 1970s, in 2008 Christian Herden and Jens Röder et al.
Immediately thereafter, the cadmium nucleus is predominantly in the excited 7/2+ nuclear spin and only to a very small extent in the 11/2- nuclear spin, the latter should not be considered further.
Since the intermediate state decays according to the laws of radioactive decay, one obtains an exponential curve with the lifetime of this intermediate state after plotting the frequency over time.
Due to the non-spherically symmetric radiation of the second γ-quantum, the so-called anisotropy, which is an intrinsic property of the nucleus in this transition, it comes with the surrounding electrical and/or magnetic fields to a periodic disorder (hyperfine interaction).
The illustration of the individual spectra on the right shows the effect of this disturbance as a wave pattern on the exponential decay of two detectors, one pair at 90° and one at 180° to each other.
According to the number n of detectors, the number of individual spectra (z) results after z=n²-n, for n=4 therefore 12 and for n=6 thus 30.
In order to obtain a PAC spectrum, the 90° and 180° single spectra are calculated in such a way that the exponential functions cancel each other out and, in addition, the different detector properties shorten themselves.
In crystals, due to the high regularity of the arrangement of the atoms or ions, the environments are identical or very similar, so that probes on identical lattice sites experience the same hyperfine field or magnetic field, which then becomes measurable in a PAC spectrum.
On the other hand, for probes in very different environments, such as in amorphous materials, a broad frequency distribution or no is usually observed and the PAC spectrum appears flat, without frequency response.
With single crystals, depending on the orientation of the crystal to the detectors, certain transition frequencies can be reduced or extinct, as can be seen in the example of the PAC spectrum of zinc oxide (ZnO).
In the typical PAC spectrometer, a setup of four 90° and 180° planar arrayed detectors or six octahedral arrayed detectors are placed around the radioactive source sample.
In classical instruments these signals are amplified and processed in logical AND/OR circuits in combination with time windows the different detector combinations (for 4 detectors: 12, 13, 14, 21, 23, 24, 31, 32, 34, 41, 42, 43) assigned and counted.
Modern digital spectrometers use digitizer cards that directly use the signal and convert it into energy and time values and store them on hard drives.
In the case of probes with complex cascades, this makes it makes it possible to perform a data optimization or to evaluate several cascades in parallel, as well as measuríng different probes simultaneously.
For the observation of clear perturbation frequencies it is necessary, due to the statistical method, that a certain proportion of the probe atoms are in a similar environment and e.g.
Furthermore, during the time window between the start and stop, or approximately 5 half-lives of the intermediate state, the direction of the electric field gradient must not change.
In liquids, therefore, no interference frequency can be measured as a result of the frequent collisions, unless the probe is complexed in large molecules, such as in proteins.
In PAC measurements, this is shown by the decrease of the crystalline frequency component in a reduction of the amplitude (attenuation).
The radioactive samples each have an activity of 0.1-5 MBq, which is in the order of the exemption limit for the respective isotope.
How the PAC isotopes are brought into the sample to be examined is up to the experimenter and the technical possibilities.
Due to the kinetic energy of the ions (1-500 keV) these fly into the crystal lattice and are slowed down by impacts.
If, on the other hand, radiation defects in the crystal and their healing are to be examined, unperseived samples are measured, which are then annealed step by step.
The radioactive probe is applied to a hot plate or filament, where it is brought to the evaporation temperature and condensed on the opposite sample material.
In the diffusion method, the radioactive probe is usually diluted in a solvent applied to the sample, dried and it is diffused into the material by tempering it.
The solution with the radioactive probe should be as pure as possible, since all other substances can diffuse into the sample and affect thereby the measurement results.
PAC probes may also be added during the synthesis of sample materials to achieve the most uniform distribution in the sample.
This method is particularly well suited if, for example, the PAC probe diffuses only poorly in the material and a higher concentration in grain boundaries is to be expected.
In neutron activation, the probe is prepared directly from the sample material by converting very small part of one of the elements of the sample material into the desired PAC probe or its parent isotope by neutron capture.
Rarely used are direct nuclear reactions in which nuclei are converted into PAC probes by bombardment by high-energy elementary particles or protons.
The currently largest PAC laboratory in the world is located at ISOLDE in CERN with about 10 PAC instruments, that receives its major funding form BMBF.
Detecting this quantum in a detector selects a subset with an orientation of the many possible directions that has a given.
The goal is to measure the relative probability formula_7 with the detection of formula_8 at the fixed angle formula_9 in relation to formula_10.
formula_20 is the anisotropy coefficient that depends on the angular momentum of the intermediate state and the multipolarities of the transition.
the time between formula_10 and formula_8, the core experiences a disturbance due to the hyperfine interaction through its electrical and magnetic environment.
Due to the electrical and magnetic interaction, the angular momentum of the intermediate state formula_17 experiences a torque about its axis of symmetry.
The interaction occurs between the magnetic core dipole moment formula_29 and the intermediate state formula_16 or/and an external magnetic field formula_31.
The energy of the hyperfine electrical interaction between the charge distribution of the core and the extranuclear static electric field can be extended to multipoles.
Because formula_64 can be determined much more accurately than formula_67, it is not useful to specify only formula_32 because of the error propagation.
This means that measurements of two different isotopes of the same element can be compared, such as Hg(5/2−), Hg(5/2−) and Hg(9/2−).
As far as the magnetic dipole interaction is concerned, the electrical quadrupole interaction also induces a precision of the angular correlation in time and this modulates the quadrupole interaction frequency.
The relative amplitudes of the various components depend on the orientation of the electric field gradient relative to the detectors (symmetry axis) and the asymmetry parameter formula_51.
For a probe with different probe nuclei, one needs a parameter that allows a direct comparison: Therefore, the quadrupole coupling constant formula_64 independent of the nuclear spin formula_86 is introduced.
If there is a magnetic and electrical interaction at the same time on the radioactive nucleus as described above, combined interactions result.
These then depend in each case on the direction of the electric and magnetic field to each other in the crystal.
If the hyperfine field fluctuates during the lifetime formula_87 of the intermediate level due to jumps of the probe into another lattice position or from jumps of a near atom into another lattice position, the correlation is lost.
In 8th generation of Prithvi Raj, Raja Anandpal’s descendant Bachhal came from Bhirani in Rajasthan to Litani (Hisar) in 1387 AD and after staying one night over here made his permanent settlement at Danauda (Jind).
Leaving Bhirani: Thakur Deshraj has written that the reason for leaving Bhirani is described in such a way that a young man Balasar (Bikanerilaka) I was married He went to his in-laws.
So the widow of that young man taunted that Nain was All are dead, why else would they give up their boy's revenge.
Chaudhary Harishchandra ji states that among his ancestors, Raju Ladhasar, Dula Bachhara, Kalu Malupura, Hukama Keu, and Lalu were inhabited in Binjasar.
Thakur Deshraj   has written that Nainasi had two sons, Chuhad's Chokha and Lalu had two sons, Chokha's Fatta and Moola had two boys.
In this dynasty, in the 5th generation from Kishanpal became a famous person named Shripal, he settled the village of Bhirani in Samvat 1310 i.e.
The musical premiered as part of the 350th Anniversary commemoration of the Great Fire on September 4, 2016 at the Adelphi Theatre.
The single release would be the first commercial single released by 1970s country star Don Williams, and it would be a number twelve country chart hit.
Williams was signed to Jack Clements' J-M-I Records and Jack Music, Inc in 1972 by Allen Reynolds, and Reynolds would go on to produce Williams' entire debut album.
Many of Williams' best known songs would be written by other composers (including Bob McDill, Allen Reynolds and Al Turney) and this single release was notable in that it was one of the few of Williams' self-penned tunes to be a charting single.
Rev Ewen MacRury (1891–1986)) was a Free Church of Scotland minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1944.
He was born in 1891 one of eight children to John Little (Ewan Beag) MacRury (b.1843) and his wife, Betsy MacDonald, crofters from North Uist.
Taking a Cold Look is the sole studio album by i-Ten, formed of the songwriting duo Tom Kelly and Steve Lukather, released in 1983.
District 10 covers most of Cheshire County in the far southwestern corner of the state, including the towns of Alstead, Chesterfield, Gilsum, Harrisville, Hinsdale, Keene, Marlborough, Nelson, Roxbury, Sullivan, Surry, Swanzey, Walpole, Westmoreland, and Winchester.
From 2003 to 2007, Igor studied in the Kiev State College Variety and Circus Art in Ukraine (since 2007 Kiev Municipal Academy of Variety and Circus Arts) with Witold Kuvshinov as his teacher.
After his appointment as commander-in-chief of Army Group Upper Rhine, reichsführer Heinrich Himmler formed the headquarters of the XIV SS Army Corps in November 1944.
The Corps was given the task of attacking and pinning the American units at Gambsheim at the start of Operation Nordwind, so that they could not be used as reinforcements against the main attack, which would be deployed more to the north.
In the night of 4 to 5 January 1945, the 553rd People's Grenadier Division crossed the Rhine near Gambsheim, where the Moder and Zorn rivers merge.
Because most US units of the 6th Army Corps fought in the north and thanks to the help of the pro-German population, the Germans were able to quickly extend their bridgehead to Kilstett, Herrlisheim and Offendorf.
General Alexander Patch, commander of the 7th US Army, ordered the newly arrived 12th Armored Division to destroy the bridgehead on 8 January.
On 14 January 1945, the XIV SS Army Corps received the 3rd SS Panzer Battalion of the 10th SS Armored Division, led by SS-Brigadeführer Heinz Harmel.
On the southern edge, the 3rd French Infantry Division expelled the 553rd Volksgrenadiers Division from Kilstett and by 21 January, the German offensive came to an end.
In the East, the Soviet Vistula–Oder Offensive had broken out and several German units were sent from the West to the endangered Eastern front.
The headquarters of the XIV SS Army Corps were dissolved and the staff formed the X SS Corps that was sent to Pommern.
Maria Petyt was born in Hazebrouck on January 1, 1623 in the French part of Flanders near Dunkirk in present-day France to parents who owned a fabric shop.
Tragedy struck the young family numerous times: two sisters died while young, another died while only a teenager and her half-brother Ignace died by drowning.
After a bout with smallpox at age eight, Maria was left with many facial marks, but despite these trials she remained an enthusiastic child, full of wit and joy.
It was while preparing for her first communion at the age of 10, that Maria made a vow to become a nun and to consecrate herself to God.
Instead she became a nun with Carmelite Third Order and took the name Marie of Saint Theresa (in French, Marie de Sainte Thérèse).
In 1646, the direction of the Beguinage community was entrusted to a professor of philosophy, Michael of St. Augustine (born Jan van Ballaert), who became her spiritual director.
In October 1657 she moved to the beguinage in Mechelen near the Carmelite church where she began her solitary life of study and writing.
She read many spiritual works such as the writings of John of the Cross, Teresa of Avila, John of Ruusbroec, Eckhart von Hochheim and John Tauler.
Berandari Bagaria is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Kulpi police station in the Kulpi CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Berandari Bagaria had a total population of 10,748 of which 5,462 (51%) were males and 5,286 (49%) were females.
The nearest middle school was at Bagaria 0.5 km away, the nearest secondary school Chandipur 0.5 km away, the nearest senior secondary school at Hatuganj 2.5 km away, the nearest general degree college at Diamond Harbour 9 km away.
As a bodybuilder, she competed in the IBFA Ms. Universe Over 50 division, taking third place in the 2018 championships, and fourth place in the 2017 championship.
Iwona Liliana Woicka-Żuławska (born 1972 in Kraków) is a Polish civil servant and diplomat, since 2018 serving as an ambassador to Norway.
In 1997, she began her career at the Office of the Committee for European Integration of Poland, being responsible for negotiations of Polish accestion to the European Union in the sphere of provision of services and information society.
Since 2010, she was working at Foreign Policy Planning Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a councillor for internal market and global socio-economic processes.
Afterwards, she was deputy director at the MFA Department of Economic Cooperation, in charge of energy issues, cooperation with international economic organizations, and expansion on African and Latin American markets.
Mohammed Hassan Babo (; born 25 June 1993), is a Sudanese footballer born in Saudi Arabia who plays as second striker.
Babo began his career in Al-Riffa in Bahrain , He moved to Al-Hilal Al-Fasher in 2014, He moved to Al-Ahly Shendi in 2015, He was loaned to the Al-Kawkab in Season 2017-2018, He moved to Damac in early 2019, He was loaned to the Al-Tai in Season 2019-2020.
Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the manga for a North American release with the first volume aiming to be released in early 2020.
Sales of the series have been positive with Azuma noting that the third Japanese volume run out of print and due to fan demand, Kodansha re-print more copies of it.
By the time the third volume was released, Oda stated the series is an entertaining fighting series, hoping it attracts more readers.
In July 2019, Seven Seas Entertainment announced they licensed the manga for a North American release with the first volume aiming to be released in early 2020.
Across this fights, the fights appear to be overseen only by Antonov but also the apparently destroyed organization NESTS for unknown purposes.
In September 2019, Rian Johnson and producer Ram Bergman launched T-Street, an entrepreneurial company that will generate original content for film and TV shows.
She most recently served as EVP of Programming and Production for BBC America, overseeing original scripted programming at the network following its acquisition by AMC Networks.
LeClair most recently had a first-look deal with Blumhouse Television, and in 2018 was nominated by Film Independent for the Piaget Producers Award.
Of these, three are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, five are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The Association for Women's Art and Gender Research in Israel is a non-profit organization that works to research women and gender in Israeli art, and to provide support for women artists, curators, researchers and cultural organizers.
The Association for Women's Art and Gender Research in Israel was founded in 2015 by art historian Ruth Markus, with founding members Tal Dekel, Dalia Danon, Ruthi Hinsky-Amitai, Orna Noy-Lanir, Mor Presiado and Hagit Shahal – who all serve on the association's board.
Markus was chairperson until December 2017, and was then replaced by Dekel who is the current chair, as of the end of 2019.
The motivations for the establishment of the association were many researches that proved the exclusion of women artists from Israeli art history, including from exhibiting in museums and being part of the curricula of art studies, while concurrently, gender studies were pushed to the margins of most Israeli arts programs, if they even existed.
Its membership includes artists, scholars, curators, art institution managers and the like, regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion, or any other identity category, who are interested in gender-related subject in Israeli art.
Creators from other fields of art, such as music, film and television, photography, theater and more are also accepted as members.
The association's activities focus on two main areas: The first area is research and documentation – developing the discipline of gender research in Israeli art programs, and collecting and disseminating information about women artists and gender research in the arts.
The second is providing support for women artists and creating a supportive community for them and for curators, researchers and cultural organizers in Israel.
The varied activities of the association aim to create a stage for artists, curators and researchers, document the existence and contribution of women artists historically and contemporarily, and provide assistance for research endeavors and special projects.
The association holds a biannual national conferences in collaboration with the Faculty of Arts at Tel Aviv University on women and gender in the arts in Israel, and with the support of the Ziffer House Archive: Documentation and Research Center of Israeli Visual Arts and the TIAF Israeli Art Research Foundation.
Each of the two-day conferences includes lectures by senior researchers and researchers in the fields of gender and women in the arts in Israel.
The first conference was held in 2017 and the second conference was held in 2019, with the next conference planned for 2021.
In addition, the association organizes a series of art and gender meetings throughout the year, which are open to the general public.
The first series was held at the Kibbutzim College in 2018, and the second series took place at Tel Aviv University in 2019.
The association also conducts collaborations and seminars with cultural institutions, including with the Peace Gallery in Givat Haviva; and the Haifa Museum of Art, where a seminar was held on the female body following the Chana Orloff exhibition.
The exhibit was widely attended and generated public and critical interest, and as a result, one of the artists, Hannah Levy, was offered a solo exhibit of her work at the Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art.
As part of the goal of documentation, the association teamed up with the Tel Aviv Wiki Women initiative, to add articles about women artists to Wikipeidia.
Another collaboration is with the academic journal, Migdar (Gender), which published a special issue dedicated to art, edited by association chair Tal Dekel.
The 2018 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 26–28 January 2018 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Architect Clarence Hatzfeld designed the original house in the American Foursquare style, a popular vernacular style of the early twentieth century.
Like many other Foursquare homes, the house had a square shape and was topped by a hip roof with a dormer.
In the mid-1920s, architect Andrew E. Norman designed an addition for the front of the house; this addition was inspired by the Better Homes movement, which sought to bring high-level architecture to working-class homes.
The addition replaced the original front porch with a semi-circular porch supported by its original columns, distinguishing the house from its neighbors.
Initially convicted of a 1991 robbery-murder in Tashkent, he was released in 2003, moving to Russia, where five years later, he murdered a trio of fishermen during an argument in Penza Oblast.
He then moved to Mokshan, where his mother was living, but failed to receive either Russian or Uzbekistani citizenship, and was unemployed.
On October 12, 2008, Dmitry, together with a group of friends, went to drink vodka at a little pond near the village of Krutets, in the Kolyshleysky District.
When they arrived, they saw a small group of fishermen on the other side of the pond: 66-year-old Azerbaijani Alexander Glukhov, locals Alexander Kocherov and Nazir Abdullaev (36 and 24, respectively), and another man, A. Pivkin.
After both parties had drunk quite extensively, they started arguing and insulting each other, with one of fishermen calling Golubev a homosexual.
Refusing to back down, he got a knife stashed in the car and attacked the trio, stabbing Abdullaev 19 times, killing him.
Ultimately, he also stabbed Glukhov (who had nothing to do with the quarrel) while he was sleeping in the car, inflicting a total of 23 stab wounds on him (9 in the abdomen, 9 in the head and the rest in other parts of the body).
A timeline was constructed around the events, and the Investigative Department implemented a variety of measures through the region so they could catch the perpetrator.
Following some questioning, Dmitry confessed that he was responsible, but didn't give a testimony, as he claimed he was unable to remember the events.
He had psychological and psychiatric examinations conducted on him by the Serbsky Center in Moscow, and experts concluded that he was well-aware of his actions, and was trying to derail the investigation.
It serves as a transfer station between the Red, Gold and the Green lines of the Doha Metro and is considered the largest station in the city.
In 2015, the station was planned to be completed by mid-2018, with six tunnel boring machine breakthroughs out of the 12 needed having been made.
Service on the Gold Line began when it opened on 22 November of the same year, and Green Line service opened on December 10.
The Red and Green lines share the same set of platforms next to each other, while the Gold Line platforms are located east of the others and run perpendicular to them.
Shen Weixiao (; born May 1975 in Guichi, Anhui) is a Chinese mathematician, specializing in dynamical systems (in particular, real and complex one-dimensional dynamics).
He published, with Oleg Kozlovski and Sebastian van Strien, a solution of the 2nd part of the 11th problem of Smale's problems.
Andrew Haviland, a senior Foreign Service officer with the rank of Minister-Counselor, has been serving as Chargé d’Affaires for the U.S. Mission to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) since October 2017.
Young served as Deputy Chief of Mission (Aug 2014 to Aug 2016) and as Chargé d’Affaires (Aug 2016 to Aug 2017) at the U.S. Embassy in Abidjan.
While directing an economic team in the State Department’s Office of Monetary Affairs, Haviland also served as head of the U.S. delegation to the Paris Club which negotiates sovereign debt relief.
Markus Theodor Mattmüller (born 18 July 1928 in Basel; died 30 October 2003 in Basel; originally from Basel) was a Swiss historian.
He was a Constituent Councillor of both Basel cantons from 1960 to 1969, and a judge at the Civil Court from 1964 to 1967.
It was named after Captain Robert E. Lee, who as 1st Lieutenant had performed a particularly courageous mission on November 17, 1944 (General Order October 11, 1956), even though it was often assumed that it was named after the most successful general of the Confederate Army Robert Edward Lee (which would have been politically completely incorrect).
The construction of the barracks was begun after the remilitarization of the Rhineland (1936) in 1937/38 in the course of the German re-armament in the demilitarized zone established by the peace treaty of Versailles for the security of France and named after Hugo von Kathen, the last military governor of the fortress of Mainz.
Responsible was the Wehrkreisverwaltung XII in Wiesbaden, which ran the process together with Robert Barth, the National Socialist mayor of Mainz.
Mombach had already been incorporated to Mainz in 1907, and in 1937 the then independent community of Gonsenheim was faced with the choice of either paying the development costs for the garrison's new barracks or being incorporated.
In the course of the bombing of Mainz in World War II, the area was bombed several times during the following war.
After the repair, the French military authorities took over the barracks and named it after General Charles Mangin, who after the First World War was commander-in-chief of the French occupying army on the Rhine based in Mainz.
Gottfried Lenzen, the director of the military construction office in Mainz, was entrusted with the execution of the construction tasks for the occupying troops.
American soldiers, their families and their housing estates, NCO Club, ballpark, Bowling Alley and the Panzerwerk on the border to Mombach shaped the Gonsenheim townscape for the next decades.
With the fall of communism in the cause of the Peaceful Revolution in the GDR in 1989, the need for large units of mechanized forces in Germany no longer existed.
The 8th US Infantry Division was needed during Operation Desert Shield / Desert Storm and large parts, including the Ready First Combat Team, were deployed in the Middle East.
The 8th US Infantry Division was inactivated at a solemn ceremony in Bad Kreuznach on 17 January 1992, and the American contingent withdrew from Mainz.
In 1993, the former officer's building at Canisiusstraße 27-31 in Gonsenheim was converted into a 220-room student residence of the Studierendenwerk Mainz.
After the dormitory premises and buildings were sold to a housing association, the student residence was dissolved and vacated in mid-2011.
During the first construction phase, a project community with several property developers - including Wohnbau Mainz - built around 800 residential units in which almost 2000 people live.
An approximately 2.3 ha large district park at Willy-Brandt-Platz, the former drill ground, was laid out as the green centre of the residential area.
More than 200 apartments with a total living space of over 16,300 m² were built in the preserved buildings of the former Kathen barracks.
The axially symmetrical ensemble with uniform building heights and identical roof pitches in a curved arrangement along the street forms an urban unit worth preserving.
The 2017 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 27–29 January 2017 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The following is a timeline of the final weeks of the Presidency of George H. W. Bush until his last day in office on January 20, 1993.
Carol A. Corrado is an American economist who was the former chief of industrial output at the Federal Reserve Board and currently serves as a senior advisor and research director in economics on The Conference Board.
She serves as a member of the executive committee for the National Bureau of Economic Research's (NBER) conference on research on income and wealth.
She is a senior policy scholar at Georgetown University McDonough School of Business Centre for Business and Public Policy where she focuses on economics of growth and innovation as well as fiscal and monetary policies.
In addition to these positions, Corrado is involved with the American Statistical Association as well as the Technical Advisory Committee of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Carol Corrado attended Hershey High School in Hershey, Pennsylvania before she began her undergraduate degree in 1965 at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, where she received a B.S.
After her time at Carnegie Mellon, Corrado began her PhD in 1970 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where in 1976 she obtained a PhD in Economics.
Much of her research addresses the changing digital economy and the role that information and communication technology (ICT) has had on economic and productivity growth.
Further, a large portion of her work with The Conference Board has been on the topic of the knowledge economy and the role of intangible assets in driving innovation and growth on both the microeconomic and macroeconomic level.
She points out that the current measure is susceptible to double counting and does not account for necessary market weights which is currently measured by prices.
She points out that many believe innovation in EU countries is decreasing and more innovation is necessary in order to fix destabilized economies.
Corrado addresses these beliefs by breaking down what exactly innovation is and how can it be measured as well as observing the role and value of policy in innovation.
She finds that current measures of innovation are too ambiguous and are in need of additional measures that together form a more complete framework.
She notes that innovation has largely shifted from being tangible to intangible, a reality important to consider when analyzing modern growth and innovation.
As a result, she proposes a new model of measurement that takes into account intangible investment within the framework of computerized information, innovative property, and economic competencies in addition to the already measured intangibles of research and development, and software.
From this measurement Corrado finds that in the United States intangible capital accounts for half of their total capital deepening where as in the EU countries it only accounts for 23.8%.
Subsequently, she points out that all variables which mediate the monetization of countries investment in knowledge will be imperative factors contributing to the future growth and innovation in EU countries.
They propose a variety of new approaches and necessary factors that should be included in calculations of capital in order to create more accurate measures of capital in the changing economy.
Corrado was the first place recipient of the Indigo Prize in 2017 for her work calculating the remaining GDP for the 21st century, additionally, she has received a special achievement award from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in 1998.
In 2003 Corrado was awarded the Julius Shiskin award from the American Statistical Association for her statistical work regarding industrial production, capacity measurement, productivity measurement and information technology output and prices.
The race took place at Mizusawa Racecourse from 1988 to 1994 and due to earthquakes, took place at Tokyo Racecourse in 2011.
Tevin Terrell Jones (born December 26, 1992) is an American football wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).
Prague Ice Cup (Prague Riedell Ice Cup in 2017-2018), is an international figure skating competition held yearly since 2017 in the mid-November in Prague.
Before becoming the Brooklyn Parks Commissioner, Maher served as chief of staff for 18 years in the Parks Department's Brooklyn office.
Maher began his career as a park ranger and enforcement officer, working as a beach supervisor and inspector at Shea Stadium, Yankee Stadium, the 79th Street Boat Basin, and Randall's Island.
The 1950 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1950 college football season.
In their 15th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10–0–1 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out seven of 11 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 276 to 26.
In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00).
Patrick Morris (born February 13, 1995) is an American football center for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).
Its primary direct competition is the more established 25 Days of Christmas on Freeform, on which much of the same programming had previously aired prior to 2018.
In 2018, the channel introduced a more extensive holiday lineup branded as Best Christmas Ever, running from November 26 to December 25, featuring a mix of popular Christmas and family films, along with other acquired specials.
The Hardcastle's prospered in the county as millers, businessmen, land owners and slave owners, while their location on the river became a local shipping center and turning point for boats.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Nigeria, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Nigeria and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Nigeria and the pope.
After further reorganizations of its offices for the emerging independent nations of Africa, the Holy See created the Delegation to Nigeria and Ghana–a single office–in May 1973.
Faissal Shaheen is a Saudi nephrologist and co-founder of the King Fahad Hospital Jeddah and the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation.
Sky Store is a service operated by Sky in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Austria and Switzerland that offers movies and TV shows via video streaming or DVD and Blu-ray Disc by mail.
The service offers the latest blockbuster movies, TV shows, as well as classic movies for renting (starting from 99p) or buying to keep (from £7.99), digitally in HD quality and optionally a physical version by post.
The Sky Store service comes preloaded on Sky Q and Sky+HD boxes, and is also available as a downloadable app on PCs, Now TV, Roku, Android, and other devices.
This album received a huge media response and put the floppy disk back on the map as a format for music.
He was elected a Fellow in 1724, served as Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics (1735-1738), was appointed Senior Dean in 1737, and second Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy (1738-1743).
He resigned from TCD in 1743 and spent the rest of his life as a clergyman in the parish of Clonmethan, north Dublin.
In the fall of 1965, he helped KR win the annual Reykjavík City Tournament, which at the time was the second most important basketball competition in the country.
Sigurður continued to play for the team under the new name, but decided to retire at the end of the 1971 season, siding his age and negative writings in certain newspaper towards him and other players.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the main meeting place for Londonderry County Council.
After the judicial functions of the courthouse were transferred to modern facilities in Mountsandel Road, the old courthouse closed in 1985.
She has been among the leading writers covering the US intelligence community and news surrounding the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump.
It was founded on March 11, 2019, by a group of veteran politicians and others with the goal of fighting corruption and restoring Puerto Rico's governmental institutions; promoting social, economic, and fiscal reconstruction; and decolonization of Puerto Rico.
Though members of the party have historically supported the independence movement, MVC would have the assembly choose a decolonization plan that results in statehood, full independence, or a free association status with the United States.
The 2019 Telegramgate scandal that engulfed the ruling New Progressive Party helped sharpen the focus of the MVC on government reform.
He and his small crew spent the rest of their day on the beach, finally getting a return to his ship around midnight.
At Okinawa his landing craft was involved in a series of feints, proceeding close to several beaches, but then withdrawing, without landing.
Perrett gave a demonstration of piloting a recreation of his landing craft, on Lake Pontchartrain, a week prior to his death in 2007.
He remained in the teaching profession until 1954 when he was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly representing the Bongo electoral area.
He was re-elected in 1956 and remained the member of parliament for Bongo in the subsequent years until 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
In November 1957 he was appointed parliamentary secretary (deputy minister) to the Ministry of Education and in July 1959 he became parliamentary secretary (deputy minister) to the Ministry of Interior.
Lynn Diane Dierking is a Sea Grant Professor in Free-Choice Learning, Science & Mathematics Education in the College of Science at Oregon State University.
He died without a will in 1785, and the family's estate and library were divided and inherited by his two sisters.
Many of Williams' best known songs would be written by other composers (including Bob McDill, Allen Reynolds and Al Turney) and this single release was notable in that it was one of the few of Williams' self-penned tunes to be a charting single.
Elvira Gavrilova was born on 26 March 1989 in Nikolayev, then Ukrainian SSR, to the family of the entrepreneur (the father) and economist (the mother).
The set by Elvira Gavrilova, comprising a see-through chiffon blouse and black pencil skirt, was named among L'Officiel Ukraine's top imagines of Odessa fashion week 2017.
In spring 2018, during the 17th season of Odessa Fashion Day, Elvira Gavrilova's fashion show was starred by the singer Solokha who participated as a co-designer.
Besides working on the brand of her own, Elvira Gavrilova is known for her efforts on the promotion of Ukrainian fashion as a whole.
The presentation of the first rating of extraordinary men of Ukraine took place on 22 March 2019, along with the Ukrainian women's second rating.
This is the charitable calendar, the production of which is starred by the business people, political figures, athletes, show-biz stars, and talented children.
The money raised from the sales of the first calendar was transferred to the Boarding School #97 for the children with hearing difficulties in Lustdorf (Odesa oblast).
The is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a Jōmon period settlement located in what is now part of the city of Mitsuke, Niigata in the Hokuriku region of Japan.
The Mimitori ruins are located in the Higashiyama Hills in the eastern portion of the Niigata Plain, on a ridge with an altitude of 76 meters.
The middle Jōmon settlement was in the center of the hill, with houses in a horseshoe-shaped configuration and a central plaza, measuring 60 meters north-south by 70 meters east-west.
The foundations of 12 oval-shaped pit dwellings measuring 8 x 3 meters were found, as was a large (10.6 centimeter) jade sphere.
The settlement expanded in the late Jōmon period to the west, forming a donut-shape, 200 meters north-south by 118 meters east-west.
The pillar hole about 130 cm in diameter and was dug more than 1 meter deep, and a pillar about 50 cm in diameter was erected in it.
Only two buildings were confirmed, but 36 similar holes were found in a wide area on the eastern side of the ruins.
The site has been known since the end of the 19th century; however, it was not first excavated until 1967 after a spate of tomb robberies occurred in the area.
As a result of these survey results, the momentum for protecting the ruins increased, and a development plan for a large-scale housing area was canceled.
Chiiwa-kyō is a canyon located on the Chiiwa River, a tributary of the Urengawa River, with a total length is 4 kilometers within the Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park.
After Officer Candidates School he served in the 112th Brigade of reconnaissance ships of the Black Sea Fleet (the village of Mirniy on Donuzlav Bay in Crimea) at the Odograph and Ocean Vishnya-class intelligence ships.
After retiring in 2009, until 2011, he worked at the Sevastopol City State Administration, then as a security engineer in a mobile detachment of the Ministry of Emergencies, which carried out demining of the Inkerman Storms and battle sites of World War II in the Mekenzie Mountains.
After occupation Crimea by Russia, remained in Sevastopol, worked in a civilian position in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.
Detained by the Federal Security Service of Russia on November 9, 2016 in Sevastopol, on his way to the hospital, where he went with the exacerbation of gastric ulcer.
Volodymyr managed to inform him that he was innocent of anything, and his testimony was received from him under pressure and threats against his relatives.
Later, during the trial, Dudka and Oleksiy Bessarabov, who is another participant of the 'saboteurs case', repeatedly stated that in the first days after their detention, they were tortured, including electric shock.
After completion of the first trial, the occupying Sevastopol city court was unable to reach a verdict and on April 6, 2018 returned to the prosecutor's office a 'sabotage case' to remedy the shortcomings.
Yakshas seem to have been the object of an important cult in the early periods of Indian history, many of them being known such as Kubera, king of the Yakshas, Manibhadra or Mudgarpani.
The Yakshas are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness, and were the object of popular worship.
Some of the earliest works of art of the Mathura school of art are the Yakshas, monumental sculptures of earth divinities that have been dated to the 2nd-1st century BCE.
Yakshas became the focus of the creation of colossal cultic images, typically around 2 meters or more in height, which are considered as probably the first Indian anthropomorphic productions in stone.
Although few ancient Yaksha statues remain in good condition, the vigor of the style has been applauded, and expresses essentially Indian qualities.
The inscription in Brahmi script on the base of the statue is in very bad condition, but has been partly deciphered.
A also shows a similar Mudgarpani, dated to the same period, but with clearer attributes: especially the figure of a small standing devotee or child joining hands in prayer is much more visible.
It is often suggested that the style of the colossal Yaksha statuary had an important influence on the creation of later divine images and human figures in India.
The female equivalent of the Yashas were the Yashinis, often associated with trees and children, and whose voluptuous figures became omnipresent in Indian art.
Some Hellenistic influence, such as the geometrical folds of the drapery or the walking stance of the statues, has been suggested.
In the production of colossal Yaksha statues carved in the round, which can be found in several locations in northern India, the art of Mathura is considered as the most advanced in quality and quantity during this period.
Of these, 58.1% spoke Lithuanian, 15.7% Belarusian, 11.3% Polish, 9.5% Yiddish, 4.6% Russian, 0.4% Tatar, 0.2% German and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
Khan was attending an offender rehabilitation conference in Fishmongers' Hall when he threatened to detonate what turned out to be a fake suicide vest and started attacking people with two knives taped to his wrists, killing two of the conference participants by stabbing them in the chest.
Several people fought back, some attacking Khan with a fire extinguisher and a narwhal tusk as he fled the building and emerged on to London Bridge, where he was partially disarmed by a plain-clothes police officer.
He was restrained by members of the public until additional police officers arrived, pulled away those restraining him, and shot him dead.
A conference on offender rehabilitation was held on 29 November 2019 in Fishmongers' Hall, at the northern end of London Bridge, in the City of London, to celebrate the fifth anniversary of Learning Together, a programme run by the Cambridge Institute of Criminology to help offenders reintegrate into society following their release from prison.
Former prisoner Usman Khan had been invited to the conference as a previous participant in the programme, and although banned from entering London under the terms of his release, he was granted a one-day exemption to attend.
At 13:58 on 29 November, the police were called to Fishmongers' Hall after Khan, wearing a fake suicide vest, threatened to blow up the hall.
Several fought back, including a chef working at Fishmongers' Hall who grabbed a 1.5 metre long narwhal tusk from the wall to use as a weapon, and a convicted murderer attending the conference on day release.
Several people were injured before members of the public, including a tour guide and a plain-clothes British Transport Police officer, later seen walking away with a knife, restrained and disarmed Khan on the bridge.
Armed officers of the City of London Police arrived at 14:03 and surrounded the attacker, who at the time was being restrained by a Ministry of Justice communications worker attending the rehabilitation meeting.
A Transport for London bus which had stopped adjacent to the site of the shooting was found to have damage to both its front and rear windows, possibly caused, according to the Metropolitan Police, by a ricocheting bullet.
The news of the attack was broken live moments after it happened on the BBC News Channel by one of its reporters, John McManus, who witnessed members of the public fighting Khan as he crossed the bridge, and heard two shots being fired by police officers.
The Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, returned to Downing Street following the incident, after campaigning in his constituency for the forthcoming general election.
A parliamentary election hustings event scheduled to be held at Great St Mary's Church in Cambridge on 30 November was cancelled and replaced by a memorial vigil for the victims of the attack.
She said there would be an increased police presence on the streets and that cordons in the London Bridge area would remain in place.
An appeal was made for the public to submit any film or picture evidence or information that could assist the investigation.
A janaza prayer for Khan was held at a mosque in Birmingham, and he was buried in his family's village in Pakistan.
When it resumes, at a date to be determined, it is due be overseen by the chief coroner for England and Wales.
In December 2018 he had been automatically released from prison on licence, where he was serving a 16-year sentence for terrorism offences, and was wearing an electronic tag.
Khan had been part of a plot, inspired by Al-Qaeda, to establish a terrorist camp on his family's land in Kashmir and bomb the London Stock Exchange.
The plot was disrupted by MI5 and the police, as part of MI5's Operation Guava (police Operation Norbury), and Khan was given an indeterminate sentence.
In 2013, his sentence was revised after an appeal, and he was ordered to serve at least 8 years of his new 16-year sentence, with a 5-year extended licence allowing recall to prison.
According to the anti-extremism group Hope not Hate, Khan was a supporter of Al-Muhajiroun, an extremist group with which scores of terrorists were involved.
It became the fastest Indian music video to reach 100 million views on YouTube.It is the first Indian video to get 6 million likes on Youtube.
(16 December 1755 – 13 May 1804) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
To pay debts, Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the owner of the Palais-Royal, decided to divide the lands around the Palais' garden into plots.
After the NASL folded in 1985, he signed with the Chicago Sting of the Major Indoor Soccer League during the 1985–86 season where he appeared in 10 games.
The is the collective name for an oil extraction zone distributed in the southeastern hills of Akiha-ku, Niigata, Japan (formerly the city of Nitsu), covering an area of approximately 6 kilometers in width and 16 kilometers in length.
In 1874, the Nakano clan, the local village headman, applied to the Meiji government for a permit to commercially mine the crude oil, and hand-pumping operations began almost immediately.
This operation was later taken over by Nippon Oil (now JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy) and with the industrialization of Japan in the Meiji and Taisho periods, demand for petroleum skyrocketed and over 100 small companies began drilling for oil in this area.
The crude oil of Niitsu is deep black to deep green in color, with high viscosity, high sulfur and high acid content, and low in paraffin.
However, with the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 and improvements in refining technology, Niitsu heavy oil and machine oil grew in demand.
Directed by Pat Jackson and produced by Ian Dalrymple the film was the work of the Crown Film Unit and was released at the end of 1941.
Originally conceived as a very short five minute film, it was expanded to a running time of over 30 minutes during production.
The film starts with the commander of one of ATA ferry pools and his assistant receiving telephone calls about aircraft to be moved between factories and airfields and working out pilot rosters.
The movements of two pilots, an older Englishman and a young American as they are transported to a factory in an ATA Avro Anson to collect two Supermarine Spitfires for delivery to an RAF base somewhere in England.
After delivering the Spitfires, the English pilot flies an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley to another airfield with the American pilot as a passenger.
The two land, unaware that they came close to being attacked by German aircraft, and are picked up by another ATA crew to return to their base.
The third seeds John Bromwich and Adrian Quist defeated Gottfried von Cramm and Henner Henkel 7–5, 6–4, 6–0 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1938 Australian Championships.
The short track speed skating competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held from 3 to 4 December 2019 at the SM Megamall Ice Rink.
Kiyotsu-kyō is a canyon located on the Kiyotsu River with a total length is 12.5 kilometers within the Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park.
The canyon is regarded as one of the three major canyons in Japan, along with the Kurobe Gorge and the Osugidani Gorge.
A hot spring resort, the Kiyotsukyō Onsen, is located at the entry to the gorge and attracts a large number of visitors especially during autumn foliage season.
Theertha Yathra (The Pilgrimage) () is a 1999 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama thriller film directed by Vasantha Obeysekera and co-produced by Chandran Rutnam and Ashoka Perera.
As homeownership became broadly accessible to Chicagoans in the early twentieth century, the bungalow emerged as a popular and affordable house design, and tens of thousands of the homes were built throughout Chicago.
Portage Park was one of the many outlying neighborhoods of Chicago which grew dramatically as a result of the housing boom; new residents were also attracted to the neighborhood's eponymous park.
While the district was developed by many different builders and architects, the use of a single home type with uniform setbacks from the street gives the neighborhood a consistent appearance.
Born in Breslau, Tulatz became a bank clerk, also joining the Social Democratic Party and becoming active in the trade union movement.
On release, he found work with a publishing house, but in 1942 was then conscripted into the 999th Light Afrika Division, a penal battalion.
In 1961, he began working for the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, as its Assistant General Secretary, with responsibility for education.
Walter Andonov (born January 5, 1969) is an American politician who served in the Nevada Assembly from the 21st district from 2002 to 2004.
The Columbia 34 is an American sailboat that was designed by Wirth Munroe and Richard Valdez as a cruiser and first built in 1966.
The Columbia 34 was replaced in the company product line in 1970, by the unrelated William H. Tripp Jr. designed Columbia 34 Mark II.
Dick Valdes described how the Columbia 34 design came about, in a talk given at the Long Beach Rendezvous on 23 February 2002.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a raised counter, transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed stub long keel, with a centerboard.
Additional sleeping accommodation includes the main cabin dinette table, which can be converted into a double berth, a single berth on the starboard side and an aft port side quarter berth.
Diego Causero (born 13 January 1940) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
He studying at the seminary in Udine, he continued his studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University from 1959 to 1964 and was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Udine on 7 April 1963.
His assignments included stints in Nigeria, Spain, Syria, Australia, at the Holy See's représentative to the United Nations in Geneva, and in Albania.
On 1 February 1993 he was named Apostolic Nuncio to the Central African Republic and the Republic of the Congo as well.
A tag team specialist, Wentz is known for his partnership with Dezmond Xavier, with whom he is part of The Rascalz stable, alongside Trey Miguel.
He also performs on the independent scene, most notably for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where he is currently one-half of the PWG World Tag Team Champions in his first reign with Xavier.
The holotype, MIM F1, was excavated from a marine deposit of the Sannine Chalk dating from the late Cenomanian, about ninety-five million years old.
It clearly points towards the neck and articulates with the proximal syncarpal; this had been a point of contention among researchers.
Such shrimp-like creatures could have been scooped from the water surface by the wide beak, similar to the way some extant ducks, herons and shoebills catch prey.
Her research focuses on infant pain, using non-invasive neuroimaging techniques to improve understanding and measurement of pain in preterm (premature) and term infants.
In this regard, she has established the Paediatric Neuroimaging Group (c. 2013), which aims ultimately to improve neonatal care through developing quantitative neuroimaging measures of pain in infants and translation to clinical practice.
Slater established the Paediatric Neuroimaging Group at the University of Oxford in 2013 as an Associate Professor of Paediatric Neuroimaging, which she continues to lead.
She is also a Senior Wellcome Trust Research Fellow, was awarded a Statutory Chair in Paediatric Neuroimaging in 2019, and has been a Professorial Fellow at St John's College since 2019.
She measures the blood flow changes in the brain during clinically required blood tests using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and compares it to the blood flow during non-painful tactile stimulation.
This EEG measure was then developed by Slater and her research group into a general EEG template for measuring pain response in infants - a significant step towards using objective neuroimaging tools to evaluate pain experience in infants - which has been used to validate pain relief interventions for infants during clinical procedures.
She is an advocate for neuroimaging tools for objective measurement of infant pain, and has demonstrated that brain activity could be more sensitive to pain responses in infants than other common assessment tools.
As well as work directly within her research group, she is a collaborator on the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP), a large-scale multi-centre project to develop the first developmental map of human brain connectivity between 20–44 weeks of age, that will include and link imaging, clinical, behavioural and genetic information.
She is part of a collaboration to develop wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanners for children, described by Physics World as one of the Top 10 Breakthroughs of the Year for 2019.
One research study published in April 2015 involved infants, accompanied by their parents, being gently poked with a rod-like device while being scanned by MRIs to measure and understand infant pain.
With her research group, she has produced several videos for a public audience to communicate research in infant pain and neuroimaging as well as developing artwork and games in collaboration with artists, and her group is very active at public engagement events and science festivals such as the Cheltenham Science Festival.
She has also appeared on BBC News, and in articles by the BBC, The Guardian, and Scientific American to communicate advances in measuring and managing infant pain.
The 2020 League of Ireland season will be Bohemian Football Club's 130th year in their history and their 36th consecutive season in the League of Ireland Premier Division since it became the top tier of Irish football.
Bohemians are due to participate in various domestic cup competitions this season, including the FAI Cup, EA Sports Cup and the Leinster Senior Cup.
Bohemians will also compete in the UEFA Europa League for the first time in seven years as they qualified with a third place finish the previous season.
Bohs were drawn against arch-rivals Shamrock Rovers in an opening day Dublin Derby when fixtures for the 2020 season were released in late December 2019.
Manufactured by O'Neills, the red and black striped shirt will feature a special gold crest and will have the club's name written in the Irish language.
This is a list of football teams based on the Fylde Coast (Lancashire, England), sorted by which league they play in as of the 2019–20 season.
The Covent Hotel is a historic residential hotel at 2653-65 N. Clark Street in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.
Built in 1915, the hotel was one of the many residential hotels constructed in early twentieth century Chicago to house the city's growing single working-class population.
Like many rooming hotels, the Covent Hotel housed commercial space on its first floor, including a restaurant to provide convenient nearby meals for its residents.
Of these, 75.5% spoke Belarusian, 12.8% Yiddish, 6.7% Ukrainian, 3.0% Russian, 1.4% Polish, 0.3% German and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
In 1956, Amílcar Cabral created the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), fighting against colonialism and starting a march for independence.
There have also been several high-level visits between leaders of both nations and both countries work closely together within the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
Pachai's first university post was as a Lecturer in History, at the University College of Cape Coast, Ghana, from 1962 to 1965, after which he moved to the University of Malawi where he taught history from 1965 to 1975, becoming Professor of History and Dean.
In 1979, Pachai returned to Africa, becoming the inaugural Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Sokoto, Nigeria (1979-1985).
Pachai returned permanently to Nova Scotia in 1985, where he became the executive director of the Black Cultural Centre (1985 to 1989) and, subsequently, the Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission (1989 to 1994).
He was made a member of the Order of Canada in 2002 and in 2006 was a recipient of the Gandhi, King, Ikeda Award (Morehouse College).
The name of the gallery derives from the proximity of Rue de Montpensier which was named after Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, the brother of King Louis Philippe I.
James Cipperly (born May 4, 1984), better known by his ring name Orange Cassidy, is an American professional wrestler, currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW).
The 1996 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 24-28 May 1996 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The 2020 Malaysia Masters (officially known as the Perodua Malaysia Masters 2020 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament that took place at the Axiata Arena in Malaysia from 7 to 12 January 2020 and had a total purse of $400,000.
The 2020 Malaysia Masters was the first tournament of the 2020 BWF World Tour and also part of the Malaysia Masters championships, which had been held since 2009.
Below is the point distribution for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF World Tour Super 500 event.
Ivan Jerome Hill (born March 30, 1961) is an American serial killer, responsible for at least 9 murders in different suburbs of Los Angeles from 1986 to 1994.
He also committed at least one of the Southside Slayer murders in South Los Angeles, and investigators suspect he's been involved in more.
Shortly before Christmas in 1968, Hill's father shot his mother in the face with a .22 caliber rifle, and was sent to prison.
Due to financial difficulties, Hill's mother had to work two jobs, forcing Ivan to take care of his younger siblings throughout the 1970s.
On January 23, 17-year-old Hill and his accomplice, 18-year-old Vernon Myers, robbed a liquor store in Glendora, during which Myers killed one store employee and seriously wounded another.
As a minor, Hill was found guilty in complicity to murder, but due to cooperating in the investigation, he received a short sentence.
He was due to be released in February 2004, but in March 2003, Hill's DNA test showed his profile corresponded to that of an unidentified serial killer, who had left DNA evidence during attacks on six women in different suburbs of Los Angeles from November 1993 to January 1994.
His lawyers tried to get an indulgence for him on the basis that Ivan had been abused as a child, arguing this had ultimately led to mental, emotional and behavioral problems.
Hill himself claimed that the murders occurred while he was in an unwell state of mind, characterized by complete confusion and uncontrolled impulsive action.
Hill stated this resulted from a depressive disorder that he developed in September 1993, due to a fallout with his girlfriend, his dismissal from work, and his drug addiction.
In late 2008, on the basis of the results of another DNA test, the investigation connected Hill with two more murders.
In May 2009, at a new trial, Ivan Hill was charged with, and plead guilty to, the murder of 35-year-old Lorna Reed, strangled on February 11 in a Los Angeles suburb named San Dimas, and the murder of 23-year-old Rhonda Jackson, killed on February 27, 1987 in Pomona.
Sanda Yahanata () is a 2000 Sri Lankan Sinhala adult drama film directed by Mohan Niyaz and produced by Anil Jayasooriya.
Louis H. Folmer (April 15, 1904 – February 1983) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1951 to 1968.
Victor Nemtsev (January 16, 1936 - November 9, 2018) was a Chuvash painter and member of the Union of Artists of the USSR (1967).
They were first attempted on 14 June 1966 as demos, And were worked on for some months, before being finalized on the 31st July to 1 August of the same year.
This version, apparently recorded as a joke, ends with Moon smashing his drums, interrupting presenter Brian Matthew, much to the bands' approval.
The stereo version is nine seconds longer than the mono version, since the fade out in the latter comes in quicker.
It was heavily praised for its innovative and original concept, most notably its use of reverb and feedback, which the group was well known for.
Although Ralston still pursues her, Olga becomes interested in another nobleman, Duke of Ruthledge, and eventually becomes his private secretary impressing him.
After the Duke's wife died due to heart attack caused by jealousy, there is no obstacle for Olga to marry the duke.
Ubaldi left formal education after the eighth grade to train as a butcher and chef, working variously for independent and family-owned ventures before opening Greenwich Village butcher shop Florence Prime Meat Market in 1936.
He kept the business temporarily closed while serving in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946, and sold it in 1976.
From 1976 to 1995, Ubaldi instructed demonstration courses in selecting, preparing and cutting meat at the The New School for Social Research and the Institute of Culinary Education.
The bottom butt caught my eye and, as the price was reasonable, I bought three pieces, each weighing about 8 to 10 pounds.
When I got them back to the store and took them apart, I liked the high quality of the meat and its fat content.
At that time a lot of my customers were single people or young couples, and they really took to these steaks and their reasonable price, but they wanted to know what to ask for next time they came in.
One night [after 1957] I saw an ad for Newport cigarettes on television and was struck by the similarity of the white quarter moon opening the ad to the shape of my little steaks.
Ubaldi was one of several American butchers and chefs in the 1940s and 1950s to have independently utilized the bottom sirloin from fabricated beef.
Ubaldi's preparation of the bottom butt involved a unique, undisclosed cut and folding technique, which is reproduced by current ownership of Florence Prime Meat Market in its offering of the Newport steak.
The Mary Ellen Parmley House, at 8850 S. 220 East in Sandy, Utah, is a one-story, wood-frame house built originally around 1898 as a Hall-Parlor cottage.
Undaya (The Bullet) () is a 2000 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama thriller film directed and produced by K. A. W. Perera.
The film was previewed and allowed by the Public Performances Board (PPB) in July 1993, however had to wait until 2000 to release the film in theaters.
Charles Henry Mahoney (May 29, 1886 – January 29, 1966) was an American attorney, politician, and businessman, and the first African American appointed as a delegate to the United Nations.
Mahoney was also the first African American to serve on the Detroit Planning Commission, the Wayne County Board of Supervisors and the Michigan Labor Council.
He attended Olivet College where he was renowned by professors as giving the best speech in the history of the college.
He later received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Fisk University, before going on to attend law school at the University of Michigan where he graduated in 1911.
In 1918, Detroit Mayor James Couzens appointed Mahoney to the Detroit City Planning Commission, the first African American to serve in such a capacity.
In 1925, he was hired by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to be the defense attorney for Dr. Ossian Sweet and 10 other defendants who had been accused of murder, eventually serving as an associate attorney to Clarence Darrow who was later hired for the case.
In 1928, Mahoney co-founded the Great Lakes Mutual Insurance Company, serving as the first President of the company until his departure in 1957.
On July 26, 1954, Mahoney was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to serve as part of a delegation to the ninth session of United Nations General Assembly, under the leadership of ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Mahoney was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as part of the nine member delegation on August 7, 1954.
The 2019 Golden Movie Awards is an African film award ceremony that was hosted at the Movenpick Ambassador Hotel in Accra, Ghana.
The Eagles, led by seventh-year head coach Mike Brennan, play their home games at Bender Arena in Washington, D.C. as members of the Patriot League.
The American College of Bankruptcy is a professional organization for bankruptcy judges, lawyers, international fellows, and accountants in the United States.
The College is an Honorary public service association of United States and international insolvency professionals that funds projects that improve the quality of bankruptcy law and practice, provides grants for pro bono legal service programs, and maintains the National Bankruptcy Archives.
Of these, 79.6% spoke Ukrainian, 13.7% Yiddish, 3.1% Russian, 2.2% Polish, 0.8% Belarusian, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% Mordvin and 0.1% German as their native language.
Luiz Olavo Baptista (Itu, July 24, 1938 – São Paulo, October 18, 2019) was a Brazilian jurist, lawyer, arbitrator, and International Law professor.
Among other positions, he acted as President of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, of which he was a member between 2001 and 2008.
During the Military dictatorship in Brazil, he defended persecuted politicians as a lawyer, and later joined the truth commission of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil in São Paulo.
After being blackmailed into dropping the defense of defendants during the regime of Ernesto Geisel, Luiz Olavo moved with his wife Marta Rossetti Batista and son Humberto to France in the 1970s, where he developed his doctorate.
After returning to Brazil, he resumed his practice as lawyer and was a pioneer in advocating the use of arbitration in the country with research and publications at the University of São Paulo Law School, where he was a professor of international law for three decades.
After being nominated by the President of Brazil in 2001, he became a member of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, of which he was president between 2007 and 2008, when he returned to legal and arbitral practice in Brazil at his firm, L.O.
In 2015, he left this office and founded Atelier Jurídico, an educational and research think tank, where he worked as arbitrator and legal expert, and the firm Nakagawa Baptista & Baptista, specializing in private law.
Luiz Olavo Baptista was one of the Brazilian pioneers in international arbitration and international trade law, worked as professor at universities in Brazil, the United States and France, and was the author of several books.
After completing his law degree from Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo in 1963 and starting his career as a lawyer, Baptista completed his postgraduate studies at Columbia University in the US and The Hague Academy of International Law.
Between 1976 and 1981, he obtained a doctorate in the use of joint ventures in international trade from the University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas, and in 1979 he was visiting scholar at the University of Michigan.
In 1978, he began teaching at the University of São Paulo Law School, where he defended, in 1986, his habilitation on the then emerging topic of international electronic funds transfer, and obtained full professorship at USP in 1992.
Luiz Olavo Baptista was recognized as one of the most eminent Brazilian jurists in the field of international and commercial law, as well as one of the most active arbitrators in the country's history, having participated in about 1,400 arbitrations in over 50 years of activity.
He worked as an attorney for over 40 years, helping the law firm he joined after graduation grow into one of the most renowned offices in Brazil, advising governments, international organizations and large companies in Brazil and abroad.
He was project advisor to the World Bank, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations (UNCTC), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Within the Mercosur, he was an arbitrator at the Protocol of Brasilia, where he ruled on a dispute over subsidies for pork production between Argentina and Brazil.
He served as arbitrator in major Brazilian and international arbitration courts, including the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
He worked in class associations throughout his career, and was elected president of the São Paulo Lawyers' Association (AASP) between 1979 and 1980 and the Federal Branch of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil between 1981 and 1983.
In 2001, he was appointed by the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration to serve as a member of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, the first Brazilian to hold such office.
During his time in court, he judged over important disputes involving the Brazilian government, such as the case of Brazilian cotton and sugar exporters against the US and Europe and a dispute between Embraer and Bombardier, in which Brazil accused Canada of subsidizing its aircraft industry.
From 2015 until his death in 2019, he worked as arbitrator, wrote legal opinions and developed research and other projects at the Atelier Jurídico think tank.
In addition to academic titles, Baptista was appointed Great Officer of the Order of Rio Branco in 1996 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil.
He received the Anchieta medal from the Municipal Chamber of São Paulo and the Barão de Ramalho award by the São Paulo Institute of Lawyers (IASP).
In 1837 Johannes Baur bought the building in Zurich, which had previously served as a parsonage, and opened Café Baur right next to the city's most important post office.
Together with his wife Anna Knechtli, Baur converted the house into a hotel between 1836 and 1838 according to plans by architect Daniel Pfister, and on December 24, 1838 opened Baur en Ville as the city's first hotel.
The chronicle of 1845 contains the names of various well-known personalities of the time who stayed at the Hotel Baur en Ville, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck and Anselm von Rothschild, Otto Wesendonck, Felix Mendelssohn and Franz Liszt.
After Baur's death, Heinrich Brunner took over the hotel and in 1899 sold it to the property speculator Jakob Lassmann from Constantinople.
In 1899, the architects Alfred Chiodera and Theophil Tschudy approved a reconstruction and extension project in the style of the French Renaissance, but it was not carried out.
In 1907, under Hotel Director Schwarz, the conversion and extension was commissioned from the architects Pfleghard & Haefeli and 170 rooms were reopened on 13 June 1908.
Since 1923 the hotel has been home to the United Guilds of Gerwe and Schumachern, and on 28 November 1924 the United Guilds celebrated their first meal in the hotel.
Baur en Ville should not be confused with Baur au Lac on Lake Zurich, which was also built by Baur in 1844.
From 1836 to 1838, the master builder and architect Daniel Pfister erected a regular, block-like structure, divided by Ionic columns and pilasters with Ionic capitals.
Instead of the formerly continuous loggia, all the rooms behind the main façade were fitted with verandas and the pillars on the ground floor were narrowed down.
In the 1970s, the building had to be completely demolished in accordance with fire protection guidelines, but also for reasons of comfort; conversion was not possible.
At the same time, however, the street scene, consisting of the Tiefenhofhäusern, the Kreditanstalt and the Hotel Savoy Baur en Ville on Paradeplatz, was to be retained.
The contract for the construction was awarded to Karl Steiner AG, which removed the façade step by step, erected a new building and then rebuilt the historic façade.
Inside, the hotel is therefore built in the style of the 1970s, while from the outside it still shows the historic facade.
James Calderwood Bolton (April 18, 1899 – September 10, 1974), like his father and younger brother was a banker in his native Alexandria, Louisiana, educated in public schools and the college preparatory Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana.
In 1920, Bolton received the Bachelor of Science degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
From 1921 to 1922, he was a member of the credit department of the National Bank of Commerce in New York City.
He was assistant cashier from 1922 to 1925, vice president from 1925 to 1936, president from 1936 to 1955, and the chairman of the Rapides Bank board from 1956 until his death.
Bolton was the director of the Delta Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Company in Jackson, Mississippi, and the Louisiana Board of Public Welfare in Baton Rouge during the administrations of Governors Robert F. Kennon (1952–1956) and Jimmie Davis (1960–1964).
He was the president from 1964 to 1965 of the LSU Foundation and was instrumental in the founding of Louisiana State University at Alexandria, originally a two-year institution.
In 1924, Bolton wed the former Frances Sample (1902–1986), the daughter of Samuel Guy and Sarah Emma McCrory Sample of Shreveport.
In 1951, Frances Bolton married the Alexandria orthopedic surgeon Paul M. Davis, Jr. James C. Bolton died in Alexandria and is interred, along with his wife and other family members, in Pineville at Greenwood Memorial Park.
The property was converted into the River Oaks Square Arts Center and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Cayos Bequevé (also called Cayo Bequevé or Bequevé) is the name given to a group of Venezuelan islands in the southeast of the Caribbean Sea that is part of the Los Roques Archipelago, and of the Lesser Antilles that is administered as part of the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela and the National Park Archipelago of Los Roques, and is also part of the so-called Miranda Island Territory.
They are located southwest of the park is accessible by sea like many other keys with boats that leave the dock of Gran Roque.
It is an island of Coral located just in front and south of Cayo de Agua, northwest of Dos Mosquises and southwest of Cayo Carenero, in the extreme west of the islands.
In spite of what its name may indicate it is actually 2 islands: Cayo Bequevé North (Norte) and Cayo Bequevé South (Sur), so they can also be known as the Bequevé Islands or Cayos Bequevé.
Cayo Bequeve is popular within the archipelago thanks to the beauty of its white sands and solitary beaches, the birds that can be found in its surroundings and the fact that it forms with other neighboring keys a small natural swimming pool, there are also freshwater wells, one of the most practiced activities is diving.
The William McLachlan Farmhouse, at 4499 S. 3200 West, in what is now West Valley City, Utah in Salt Lake County, Utah, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
His wives were visited as often as it was safe, and Margaret received title to her house in 1886 to protect her and her husband from loss of property should he be caught and prosecuted.
However, he was unable to complete the construction of this house, and death by diphtheria of three sons in 1894 contributed to his failure to make a success of the farm.
The group was founded by Susanne Ackers, Julianne Pierce, Valentina Djordjevic, Ellen Nonnenmacher and Cornelia Sollfrank in the spring of 1997.
The twentieth anniversary of the First Cyberfeminist International was marked by the Institute of Contemporary Art, London with a five day event called the Post-Cyber Feminist International.
Instead the main event was a double championship match as IWRG Intercontinental Lightweight Champion Dr. Cerebro defeated WWS World Welterweight Champion El Hijo del Diablo to become a double champion.
July 17, 2011 saw the 2011 Gran Desafío take place, with Oficial 911 defeating Multifacético in a mask vs. mask match .
Noel Evelyn Norris (December 25, 1918 - February 15, 2014) was a Singaporean educator best known for her association with Raffles Girls' School.
Norris was a volunteer in the Royal Air Force during World War II and later became a Major in the People's Defence Force in charge of Singapore Women Auxiliary Corps.
Norris started teaching at Bukit Panjang Primary School in 1939, but when World War II broke out, she went to India and Ceylon as a volunteer in the Royal Air Force (RAF).
When the war ended, she came back to Singapore and taught history at the Raffles Girls' School (RGS) from 1946 to 1955.
Norris also stayed active in the People's Defence Force, eventually becoming a Major of the Singapore Women Auxiliary Corps, and later took over the National Cadet Corps girls' section.
After retiring, Norris dedicated her life to community service and worked as a volunteer at the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA).
After her discharge, a group made up of former students and faculty of Raffles Girls' School took care of her at her home in Brighton Crescent.
Around the year 1050, the territory of Höchst detached itself from the March (territory) Umstadt, which had already been erected by the Imperial Abbey of Fulda in about 755.
In order to protect their interests and territory the abbots of Fulda then used the noble lords Reiz von Lützelbach as bailiffs.
Wiknand von Luetzelbach, was the grandfather of the first Breuberg Konrad I (Reiz von Lützelbach) and is first mentioned in documents in 1160 and his son Konrad again in 1189.
In 2001 a strong foundation was found during the excavation of pipe trenches at the Lützelbach cemetery, presumably a keep, which archaeologically supports this assumption.
All of them found their last resting place in the monastery Konradsdorf near Ortenberg, being donators and supervisors of the foundation.
Under Gerlach (1245-1306) and his son Eberhard III, the family reached its zenith with the greatest territorial expansion, power and possessions.
In 1282 under the reign of King Rudolf I of Germany, the Breuberg family's possessions, in addition to the original possessions of the house of Büdingen, could be extended by the high-court of Selbold and the Gelnhausen Mint (facility).
The lordship included the imperial city of Mosbach am Neckar, the Schwäbisch Hall Mint and Köppern, Bergen and Oberrad as imperial fiefs in 1297.
The highlight of this expansion of power was the acquisition of the Frankfurt castle Saalhof in 1282 as an imperial fief (pledged loan) from King Rudolf I. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor confirmed to Eberhard III of Breuberg in 1317 the fiefdom of Gründau and the Saalhof with the associated fishing and shipping rights.
Cushnie Castle was a 16th-century tower house, about south west of Alford, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, near Cushnie Burn, in the Glen of Cushnie.
The Leslies acquired it by marriage early in the 14th century, before passing to the Lumsdens in 1628, or, on the basis of a coat of arms, 1618.
Ron Cutler is a radio personality and entrepreneur best known for founding Cutler Productions and the Cutler Comedy Networks (now a part of iHeartMedia).
After moving to San Jose, California, Cutler and a partner, Mel Gollub, took over KUFX in 1970, renaming it to KOME in 1971.
A veteran radio producer, Cutler worked extensively with a number of entertainment figures including Rick Dees, Tom Joyner, and Cousin Brucie throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
It was originally released on June 30, 2017 via Republic Records, and re-issued on February 2, 2018 through Bad Vibes Forever/Republic Records.
Beth Guide is a search engine optimization (seo) consultant, digital marketing consultant, public speaker, educator, activist and local TV news personality for Fox26 in Houston.
She has worked with Congressman Dan Crenshaw and the Army Corp of Engineers in a situation involving home builder Perry Homes.
Guide worked for the Bergen Record as well as the NJ Based Wayne Today, where she was able to interview then former President Gerald R. Ford and won various photojournalism awards.
After arriving in Houston, Guide worked as a freelance writer for Gibbs and Soell as part of its work for Dow Chemical.
In 1998, Guide founded ACTWD, a web design and web hosting company which became the parent company to the popular Web Hosting for Idiots brand.
SEO411 is recognized throughout Houston as well as nationally as leader in the business community and was nominated in 2019 as Lone Star Colleges Small Business of the Year.
Since 2003 Guide has worked with the Bauer College of Business SBDC mentoring small business owners about website ownership, and digital marketing.
Guide was featured in the Houston Chronicle after leading homeowners in Kingwood to protest at a recent Town Hall with Mayor Sylvester Turner regarding flooding.
Born in Catania, Sicily, Guide immigrated to the United States in 1968 and lived in the New York City suburb, Wayne, New Jersey.
She currently serves the Board of the Elm Grove Community Association, the Memorial Woman's Business Network, as well as Spectrum Fusion a group dedicated to helping adults with Autism.
She was the first First Lady of Ceylon, when her husband Don Stephen Senanyake became Prime Minister of newly independent dominion in 1948.
Mollie Senanayake became the first First Lady of Ceylon when the country became an independent dominion of the British Commonwealth in 1948.
The Colli Aminei are an area of Naples, Italy that is part of the municipality of Stella-San Carlo at the Arena, specifically of the Stella district.
It is bordered to the west and north by the Vallone di San Rocco, to the east by the Capodimonte ascent, to the south by the valleys of the Scudillo and the Fontanelle.
Since Roman times, the Hills, along with Capodimonte, were considered a renowned resort and healthy air, thanks to the presence of thick woods.
The Roman presence is evidenced by the ruins of the Mausoleo della Conocchia, a Roman sepulchral monument, which was very famous even in the romantic age, helping to attract foreign travelers and tourists to the area.
Following the extraction limitations decreed in the city boundaries, in the XVIII century the area (then outside the city, like the other hilly areas of Vomero, Posillipo and dell'Arenella) saw the extraction of the tuff, in particular near the valley of San Rocco, both open-air and through underground quarries with access from above (latomie) or lateral from the valley itself (caves).
During the Second World War the caves were used to guarantee the productive continuity of the Neapolitan aeronautical industries (for example IMAM - Southern Aeronautical Mechanical Industries) also under Allied bombing.
The caves and the latomie are instead abandoned, although presenting a significant tourist potential as finds of industrial archeology and for the natural context in which they are inserted.
The urbanization of the Neapolitan hills reached the neighborhood in the sixties; fortunately the latomies and the inaccessible topography have limited the building disfigurement.
Today the district has a densely inhabited area, with a population of about 30,000 inhabitants, surrounded by a green area, used as a public park or agricultural crops.
There are numerous small businesses, as well as a small induced from the many hospitals present in the Hospital Area, as well as the Juvenile Court of Naples and the relevant First Reception Center.
The Colli Aminei constitute a hinge of the city connections on the north-south axis, also due to the presence of the Colli Aminei station of Line 1 (Naples subway) with attached multi-storey car park.
The roads are Viale Colli Aminei and Via Nicolardi; many crosses depart from both, named after plants and flowers, in memory of the historical natural beauty of the places.
Originally the cross streets of Viale Colli Aminei were private streets that were part of large apartment buildings (Parco La Pineta, Rione Sapio).
Of rare beauty is the Parco del Poggio, opened in 2001, which winds along the slope of the hill that faces the sea.
It gives a view of Naples from a fairly high point that embraces Vesuvius, almost in front, and the area of Piazza Municipio with the Vomero hill overlooking it.
Inside the park has a pergola path that descends towards its lowest point (right above the Naples ring road), an area equipped for children, a mini botanical garden with an exhibition of exotic plants, and above all an artificial lake, surrounded by from masonry seats like an arena.
At the center of the lake there is a stage to give way, in the summer, to represent singing and various shows or film screenings.
On April 5, 2008, the Park of Via Nicolardi was opened, smaller than the Parco del Poggio, with a skating rink and nature trail.
The contiguous Vallone di San Rocco, although not easily accessible to the public, is protected as a green lung and included in the urban reserve of the Neapolitan hills.
Not far from the neighborhood there are the Park of Capodimonte, with the historic Bourbon palace and the Museum of Capodimonte, as well as the large and wild Camaldoli Park.
Of these, 64.4% spoke Ukrainian, 20.8% Yiddish, 8.1% Russian, 3.9% Polish, 1.8% Belarusian, 0.2% German, 0.2% Tatar, 0.2% Mordvin and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
The Tan family of Cirebon was an influential family of government officials, sugar barons and landowners in the Dutch East Indies, particularly in the Residency of Cirebon.
In 1830, he celebrated the completion of the renovation of – the city's main Chinese temple – by putting up a commemorative wooden plaque, bearing his name.
It is unclear whether any family relationship existed between the Kapitein and his predecessors, many of whom bore the surname of Tan.
The Dutch-Indonesian researcher Steve Haryono suggests that the family, whose origin in Java probably predated Kapitein Tan Kong Djan, may have originally come from Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies.
Soon after his brother's death, Kapitein Tan Phan Long (died in 1848) acceded to the Captaincy, and held office until retiring in 1846.
Luitenant-titulair Tan Siauw Tjoe was, however, dismissed from office in 1847 for his involvement in opium smuggling; reinstated in 1849, he was dismissed again in 1854.
In Cirebon, upon the resignation of Kapitein Tan Phan Long in 1846, his nephew Tan Tiang Keng (1826 – 1884), part of the third generation as the eldest son of Kapitein Tan Kim Lin, was raised to the office of Luitenant der Chinezen, serving under his uncle's successor.
Although Luitenant Tan Tiang Keng did not immediately accede to the Captaincy, he was given the honorary rank of Kapitein-titulair der Chinezen in 1873 after 26 years in office.
In 1882, Kapitein-titulair Tan Tiang Keng was finally elevated, like his grandfather, father and uncle before him, to the post of Kapitein der Chinezen of Cirebon.
Also in 1882, the newly-inaugurated Kapitein's son, Tan Tjin Kie, the most prominent member of the fourth generation, was installed as Luitenant der Chinezen.
In 1884, when Kapitein Tiang Keng died in office, Luitenant Tan Tjin Kie was passed over in the succession in favor of an older officer; but, two of his in-laws, the cousins Kwee Keng Eng and Kwee Keng Liem (husbands of the Luitenant’s sister and cousin respectively), were both raised to the post of Luitenant der Chinezen.
In 1888, when the Captaincy again became vacant, Luitenant Tan Tjin Kie finally succeeded his father, granduncle, grandfather and great-grandfather as Kapitein der Chinezen of Cirebon.
In 1913, as an unusual mark of high esteem, the colonial authorities awarded Kapitein Tan Tjin Kie the rank of Majoor-titulair der Chinezen.
Cirebon – unlike the capital cities of Batavia, Semarang and Surabaya – was normally headed only by a Kapitein, not a Majoor.
The Majoor died in office in 1919, and was given a lavish and much-remembered 40-day-long funeral ceremony, drawing visiting dignitaries from far and wide.
In 1897, Kapitein Tan Tjin Kie's eldest son, Tan Gin Ho – a fifth-generation descendant of Kapitein Tan Kong Djan – was installed as Luitenant der Chinezen under his father.
Also part of the fifth generation was Kwee Zwan Hong, who was appointed in 1908 as Luitenant of Losari, Sindanglaut and Ciledug, and further raised to the rank of Kapitein-titulair in 1924.
Kapitein-titulair Kwee Zwan Hong was the son of Luitenant Kwee Keng Liem and, through his maternal grandmother Tan Sioe Nio, was a great-grandson of Kapitein Tan Kim Lin; in office until 1934, he was also the last serving Chinese officer in the Residency of Cirebon.
This mill was inherited by his eldest son, Kapitein Tan Tiang Keng, his grandson, Majoor-titulair Tan Tjin Kie, then by his great-grandsons, Luitenant Tan Gin Ho and Tan Gin Han.
By the 1880s, the Tan family owned a constellation of other sugar mills in addition to Loewoenggadjah, including Ardjosarie, Karangredjo, Krian, Mabet, Porwasrie, Soemengko and Tjiledoek.
Although forced by circumstances to sell their Djatipiring sugar mill in 1931, they maintained their political, social and economic prominence well into the 1950s.
Dos Mosquises are two islands that form part of the Los Roques archipelago, are administratively part of the Francisco de Miranda Island Territory (Federal Dependencies of Venezuela), and are located in the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea.
In addition to having several research facilities, they have a sea turtle breeding and protection program, which makes the key be visited by specialists from various parts of the world.
On the island there is an ongoing educational program to raise awareness about the importance of conserving the Los Roques ecosystem.
In addition to Equidae, Perissodactyla includes four species of tapir in a single genus, as well as five living species (belonging to four genera) of rhinoceros.
Jan played his last first class game for Lahore Ravi on 8 November 2013 where he scored 6 and 5 respectively.
The Men's Junior AHF Cup is a men's international under-21 field hockey competition in Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation.
Of these, 82.4% spoke Belarusian, 12.4% Yiddish, 2.3% Russian, 2.1% Polish, 0.3% German, 0.2% Ukrainian, 0.1% Bashkir and 0.1% Chuvash as their native language.
Of these, 80.7% spoke Belarusian, 15.2% Yiddish, 2.1% Russian, 1.6% Polish, 0.1% Lithuanian, 0.1% Ukrainian, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% German as their native language.
The corridor is a part of the Belt and Road Initiative and among the corridors and projects listed in a joint communiqué of state leaders attending the 2nd Belt and Road Initiative Forum in April 2019.
The 250km highway is a shorter alternative to the existing highway from the Kyrgyz capital of Bishkek to Osh, the country's second city in the south.
China Road and Bridge Corporation, the construction contractor for both phases began work in 2014 and completion is expected in 2021.
The road is financed by an approximately US$700 million loan from the Export-Import Bank of China given on a concessional basis (low interest rate).
CRBC personnel report exceeding difficult conditions in building the road including rainy weather sweeping away temporary bridges, construction of a high altitude tunnel over 3,000 meters, and segments built next to the torrential Naryn River.
Karla Yunesca Torres Gómez (born 4 June 1992) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Portuguese club Paio Pires FC.
Torres played for Venezuela at senior level in two Central American and Caribbean Games editions (2010 and 2018) and the 2014 Copa América Femenina.
The club is mainly notable due to holding the federative rights of some players, like Yann Rolim, Guilherme Biteco and deceased Matheus Biteco.
In their first division, the club suffered relegation from the Série B, and only returned to the category in 2016, after winning the previous year's Série C unbeaten.
In 2011, SMD started Lesotho Film Festival to encourage young Basotho filmmakers by giving them a platform to share their work.
the film festival has run nine times with the most recent event showcasing 23 locally-produced films as well as three international ones.
They also host an annual two day film workshop aimed tackling issues that face young women in Lesotho such as unintended pregnancy.
He is a former President of the Neurological Society of India, current President of the Asian Australasian Society of Neurological Surgeons, and former Secretary General and Vice-President of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies.
He did his schooling from the Demonstration Multipurpose School, Bhubaneswar, MBBS from the Government Medical College, Sambalpur, his MS General Surgery from Delhi University, his MCh in neurosurgery from AIIMS, New Delhi and DNB neurosurgery from the National Board of Examinations.
He started his career as a Research officer at the Indian Council of Medical Research, and is currently the head of Neurosurgery at Hinduja Hospitals, Mumbai.
But on November 26, at The Forum near to Los Angeles, they started their set by announcing that they had several surprises to reveal.
In addition to setting a release date for their album, they brought for the first time Blink-182 onstage a little less than an hour after it started.
Mark Hoppus, equipped with his bass, joined The Chainsmokers while Travis Barker, member of the rock band, already behind his drum kit, ascended from the bowels of the stage.
Then, on December 1, The Chainsmokers unveiled on their social media the release date and the cover art of the song.
The Bulldogs, led by 6th-year head coach Scott Padgett, play their home games at the Pete Hanna Center in Homewood, Alabama as members of the Southern Conference.
Stephanie Busari is a Nigerian journalist notable for exclusively obtaining the ‘proof of life’ video for the missing Chibok schoolgirls in the wake of the Bring Back Our Girls advocacy which led to negotiations with Boko Haram that resulted in the release of over 100 of the kidnapped schoolgirls.
Busari studied French and Public Media at Trinity and All Saints College in Leeds and thereafter attended the University of Rennes for an Advanced Diploma Program.
She had a brief stint as a freelance journalist at the BBC News before she moved to CNN in 2008 and relocated to Lagos, Nigeria in 2016 to lead CNN's first digital and multi-platform bureau.
In 2015, Busari was part of the team that won a Peabody Award for the CNN's coverage of the missing Nigerian schoolgirls and in 2017, she won a Hollywood Gracie Award and the Outstanding Woman in the Media Awards for her deep coverage of the missing Nigerian schoolgirls.
She made the inaugural global list of the Most Influential People of African Descent (MIPAD) in the year 2017 in which she was also a Hall of Fame Award, recipient.
The cashier explains that it is a fish store, and discovers that Morris can't read, and points him to the candy store.
When school is over, Morris decides to celebrate his first day by buying gumdrops from the candy store, this time doing all the reading and counting himself.
Daniel Jordan Kibblesmith (born October 9, 1983) is an American writer and comedian who has written for television, comic books, and websites.
Originally from Oak Park, Illinois, he lives in New York City with his wife, Jennifer Wright, whom he married in 2017.
He played for the Flint Dow A.C.'s in the National Basketball League during the 1947–48 season and averaged 3.0 points per game.
Of these, 83.8% spoke Belarusian, 12.2% Yiddish, 1.8% Russian, 1.2% Polish, 0.4% Ukrainian, 0.3% Chuvash, 0.1% German and 0.1% Lithuanian as their native language.
As of the 2019–20 season, the team will compete in the I-League 2nd Division, alongside the reserve sides of the other ISL teams.
After several seasons of gradual expansion, the I-League announced that its 2nd Division would incorporate the reserve sides of seven of the ten ISL sides for the 2017–18 season, with no right of promotion for the ISL reserve sides.
The mango leaf-cutting weevil is native to tropical Asia where it occurs in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.
The adult female uses her ovipositor to deposit eggs singly in small hollows excavated on the upper surface of a young leaf near the midrib; she then severs the leaf near the stalk from edge to edge, including the midrib, whereupon it falls to the ground.
After a larval state lasting about eleven days, the larvae exit the leaf and form themselves earthen chambers in which to pupate.
Six days later they are fully mature and start to breed, copulation usually taking place early in the morning, and lasting for about an hour.
The most obvious sign of infestation is the presence of cut leaves on the ground beneath the tree, and the stripped, leaf-less shoots, which can be seen from a distance.
Infested trees have reduced growth rates, poor flowering and lower yields, the growth of root suckers may be slowed and grafts fail.
The following is a list of most expensive men's association football transfers of Iran, which details the highest transfer fees paid for players from Iran or fees paid by Iranian clubs.
Robert William Ditchburn (14 January 1903 – 8 April 1987) was an English physicist whose career started at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), where he was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy in 1929, and ended at the University of Reading, where he worked hard to build up the physics department.
Ditchburn was born in Waterloo, Lancashire, England, and was educated first at Liverpool University, taking a physics degree there in 1922.
He then went to Trinity College, Cambridge, earning BA (1924) and a PhD (1928) for research done under J. J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory.
He successfully competed for a Fellowship at TCD in 1928, and the following year moved to Ireland to become Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy.
Apart from a few years back in England at the Admiralty Research Laboratory in Teddington during WWII, he remained in Dublin until 1946.
His own research included work on photoionization, the optical properties of solids and the effects of eye movements on visual perception, in particular methods for stabilizing retinal images.
He was very active in retirement, both as a consultant for the diamond industry, and working for nuclear disarmament in Pugwash movement.
The Razorbacks will be coached by Dave Van Horn, in his 18th season with the Razorbacks, and will play home games at Baum–Walker Stadium.
The Razorbacks played a two-game fall exhibition schedule; the Razorbacks opened on September 20 against Oklahoma at home, falling 3–4 in 14 innings.
On October 12, the Hogs traveled to Allie P. Reynolds Stadium in Stillwater, Oklahoma to take on Oklahoma State, to whom they lost 2–7 in 14 innings.
The Razorbacks will open their 2020 season with a weekend series at home against the Eastern Illinois Panthers, starting Friday, February 14.
First pitch on opening day will be at 3:00 p.m. CST, followed by 2:00 p.m. on Saturday and 1:00 p.m. on Sunday.
The Razorbacks' second weekend series of the year will be at home against the Gonzaga Bulldogs, with the first game on Thursday, February 20.
The Razorbacks' second tournament matchup will be on Saturday, February 29 against the Texas Longhorns, with first pitch at 7:00 p.m.
Hundreds of people marched along Lower Albert Road to just below the US consulate, to thank President Donald Trump for signing the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act.
Tens of thousands of people gathered for anti-government protesters in Tsim Sha Tsui at the clock tower to march to the Hong Kong Coliseum in Hung Hom, with protesters blocking the road.
Bricks and other debris were thrown all over the road in a bid to block traffic and barricades were used to block Hung Hom Road and Tak Man Street.
More than two dozen people outside Immigration Tower protested the detention and deportation of an Indonesian helper who had been active at protest sites.
The government claimed she did not extend her two-year visa, while protestors contended she had forgotten, and suggested she be given a second chance, as visa violators sometimes are.
Hundreds of people took part in a rally in Central against the use of tear gas by police during protests across Hong Kong.
A huge march, organised by the Civil Human Rights Front, arrived in Central and marched from Victoria Park to the business district.
They also deployed a water cannon truck, and warned on social media that they would apply a zero-tolerance policy towards any violent or otherwise illegal acts.
At about 6:20 pm the protesters on Percival Street used loudspeakers to say goodbye to the police, telling them they were going to have dinner.
Many protesters expressed anger because the Chief Executive, Carrie Lam, and Beijing have ruled out any further concessions despite the landslide defeat in District Council elections.
The police were reported to have raised the 'black flag' (which signifies that tear gas will be deployed) before the march started.
Over a hundred people gathered outside the British Consulate General in Admiralty urging the UK government to act in support of the protest movement.
They called on the UK to terminate the Sino-British Joint Declaration, saying this would mean Beijing no longer had sovereignty over the city and to rejoin the Commonwealth.
The rally organiser said they handed a petition to a representative of the consulate - just hours ahead of the general election.
A crowd of 58,000 protesters gathered at Edinburgh Place, in Central, to mark six months since the protests on 12 June.
The protesters said they will continue their fight until their five demands are met, and will not distance themselves from more radical protesters.
Several dozen people staged a rally outside the British consulate calling on London to declare that the Sino-British Joint Declaration is no longer valid.
In 2017, the Foreign Ministry in Beijing declared that the joint declaration no longer had any realistic meaning and it was merely an historical document.
Although London insisted that the treaty remains in force – a point it made again shortly after the current protests began in June, when it also demanded that Beijing continue to abide by the agreement.
On 14 December, the Hong Kong Police also released a statement that a second bomb plot have has foiled within a week and three men have been arrested in Tuen Mun, on suspicion of testing explosive devices and chemicals.
The police also released a statement stating they had arrested three males and two females aged 15 to 18 on suspicion of Mr Lou's murder earlier in November, as well as rioting and wounding.
Mr Lou was a 70 year old man who had been killed when a rioter threw a brick at his face.
More than 200 people gathered in Edinburgh Place in Central on Sunday to rally support for a planned three-day strike by the social welfare sector.
Large crowds of people lined up in Admiralty to pay their respects to a man who fell to his death six months ago.
Marco Leung died on June 15 after hanging banners bearing slogans against the now-withdrawn extradition bill, shortly after Carrie Lam had announced that the legislation was being suspended.
A protest turned violent at a Sha Tin mall as black-clad demonstrators vandalised restaurants, smashed up glass barriers, and confronted people with apparently conflicting opinions at the New Town Plaza shopping centre.
A woman was spray-painted in the face and another fell down, after apparently trying to stop demonstrators from spraying graffiti at the shopping mall.
Protesters in Mong Kok dug up bricks and scattered them on the road, set a number of small fires in the area, smashed up some traffic lights and threw objects at the police.
People from the social work sector began a three-day strike to try to pressure the government into responding to the five demands of the protest movement.
On 20 December, acting on intelligence from the 14 December raid, the Hong Kong Police had an arrest warrant for a 19 year old suspect wanted on suspicion of firearms offences related to the protest.
Upon intercepting the suspect in a residential estate in Tai Po, the man fired one live round at the police from a semi-automatic P80 pistol.
During a follow-up flat raid, police seized an AR-15 rifle with 211 rounds of ammunition - 61 rounds in a speed loader and the rest in five magazines.
According to the police statement, the firearms and ammunition found was related to a plot to use the weapons during public assemblies.
At the same time, four people from the Spark Alliance, a group providing financial aid and bail money to protesters, were arrested on suspicion of money laundering, and were shortly released on bail.
Officers seized over HK$130,000 in cash, HK$165,000 worth of supermarket coupons, and froze over HK$70 million in funds and insurance products.
The seizure had rekindled action HSBC had taken on 18 November, to close a business account which was being used by the Spark Alliance, as the account owner was not able to provide documentation to meet Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) compliance requirements as the purpose of the account had changed.
The business which opened the account was a pest control company, however the owner had in fact lent the account to the Spark Alliance for fundraising purposes and had significant amounts of money going through.
Around a hundred protesters gathered at the Yoho Mall near Yuen Long MTR station to mark the five months of an attack by an armed group who clobbered dozens of rail passengers on July 21.
The men, dressed in white, had attacked MTR passengers inside the train and chased some into the mall and beat them with sticks and rods.
Thirty seven people have so far been arrested in connection with the attacks, with seven of them being charged with rioting.
Many of the shops, which were originally opened for the day, were forced to close their shutters following the arrival of the armed officers.
The protesters, most of whom were wearing black clothes and masks, gathered near a giant Christmas Tree in the mall and walked around chanting slogans in Cantonese and Putonghua.
Hundreds of people took part in another rally in support of the Muslim Uighurs, expressing concern that Hong Kong will soon face similar oppression if Beijing tightens its grip on the territory.
The rally was largely peaceful until a small group of black-clad protesters took down the Chinese national flag by City Hall, and replaced it with that of the United States flag.
A mob of masked, black clad protesters – some of whom had been waving flags calling for Hong Kong independence – pelted officers with water bottles and other debris as police beat two suspects with batons in the process of subduing them.
An officer pulled out and pointed his revolver at the mob at one point when a camera stand was thrown at him, but did not fire and retracted his gun as soon as they backed off.
Riot police responded with bursts of pepper spray, while reinforcements quickly arrived, and ordered hundreds of protesters at the rally to leave immediately, declaring that the previously-sanctioned gathering had ended and they were now participating in an unlawful assembly.
Local musicians began a five day strike, calling on the government to respond to the five core demands of the protests.
Dozens of people rallied at Chater Garden in Central to mark the start of the strike, singing songs and chanting slogans.
Over a thousand people rallied in Central in support of Spark Alliance HK, a group which provides financial aid and bail money to arrested protesters.
The rally's organisers also called on the US government to sanction pro-Beijing companies that are found to have violated human rights when they move money offshore, and limit their use of the US dollar to clear their international transactions.
Dozens of office workers in Central continued the lunchtime protests chanting slogans at a luxury mall, calling on officials to accept the demands of protesters.
This was in retaliation to HSBC closing an account which was being used by the Spark Alliance, but did not meet compliance requirements.
Protesters set debris on fire at one of the MTR entrances at Mong Kok station, smashed up a glass door of the HSBC building, and set a small fire inside.
Police fired multiple rounds of tear gas in Tsim Sha Tsui saying 'rioters' had thrown petrol bombs at the Tsim Sha Tsui police station.
Clashes broke out inside a mall, as large crowds of people had gathered in response to online calls to target shopping centres across Hong Kong.
The plain clothed officers used batons to beat back a group of protesters, striking some repeatedly, while yelling at people to stop throwing things at them.
Numerous clashes happened in crowded shopping malls where protesters collided with police troops Tuesday night while police continued using tear gas.
One rioter, who had pushed a police officer, was injured after jumping from the first floor of the shopping mall in an attempt to evade capture.
Police charged at a crowd of protesters in Mong Kok firing tear gas and making at least two arrests, as tensions rose for several hours.
By evening, scores of people were gathered in the streets near the mall, some waving US and Hong Kong independence flags.
During the crackdown, one rioter attempted to steal a police officer's shotgun and had his finger on the trigger, but was quickly subdued by the police.
A number of people gathered at Prince Edward MTR station, who gathered to mark four months since riot police stormed the station on 31 August, that gave rise to rumours that some people were killed inside the MTR station.
Although the Hong Kong government has repeatedly stated that rumours of fatalities occurring at Prince Edward Station on August 31 are completely false, but has not succeeded in convincing many protesters.
A group of people who believed that people were killed placed white flowers at the entrance closest to the Mong Kok police station.
The protesters gathered on a bridge chanting anti-police and pro-democracy slogans, and calling on passers-by to attend a New Year's Day march from Victoria Park.
On 3 December several dozen people protested in a pro-Beijing rally in Central gathering in Chater Garden; they sang the Chinese national anthem and then marched to the US Consulate.
They trampled on an American flag as they vented their anger at President Donald Trump for signing the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act into law.
The Hmong people, as an ancient people of China with a 5,000-year history, continue to maintain and practice its form of shamanism known as Ua Neeb.
Being a Hmong shaman is a vocation; their main job is to bring harmony to the individual, their family, and their community within their environment by performing rituals, usually through trance.
Contrary to the belief of many Westerners, the Hmong practice of using animals in shamanic practice is performed with great respect.
After the Vietnam War, over 200,000 Hmong were resettled in the United States and shamanism is still part of the Hmong culture.
The Hmong believe that all things on Earth have a soul (or multiple souls), and those souls are treated as equal and can be considered interchangeable.
When a person is sick due to his soul being lost, or captured by wild spirit, it is necessary to ask for and receive permission of that animal, whether it is a chicken, pig, dog, goat or any other animals required, to use its soul for an exchange with the afflicted person's soul for a period of 12 months.
At the end of that period, during the Hmong New Year, the shaman would perform a special ritual to release the soul of that animal and send it off to the world beyond.
As part of his service to mankind, the animal soul is sent off to be reincarnated into a higher form of animal, or even to become a member of a god's family (ua Fuab Tais Ntuj tus tub, tus ntxhais) to live a life of luxury, free of the suffering as an animal.
The Hmong of southeast Guizhou will cover the rooster with a piece of red cloth and then hold it up to worship and sacrifice to the Heaven and the Earth before the sacred cockfight.
In addition to the spiritual dimension, Hmong shaman attempt to treat many physical illnesses through use of the text of sacred words (khawv koob).
Shamanism is part of the indigenous Ainu religion and Japanese religion of Shinto, although Shinto is distinct in that it is shamanism for an agricultural society.
Since the early middle-ages Shinto has been influenced by and syncretized with Buddhism and other elements of continental East Asian culture.
Among the Buryat Mongols, who live in Mongolia and Russia, the proliferation of shamans since 1990 is a core aspect of a larger struggle for the Buryats to reestablish their historical and genetic roots, as has been documented extensively by Ippei Shimamura, an anthropologist at the University of Shiga Prefecture in Japan.
At these businesses, a shaman generally heads the organization and performs services such as healing, fortunetelling, and solving all kinds of problems.
Although the initial enthusiasm for the revival of Mongol shamanism in the post-communist/post-1990 era led to an openness to all interested visitors, the situation has changed among those Mongols seeking to protect the essential ethnic or national basis of their practices.
Babaylans ((also balian or katalonan, among many other indigenous names) were shamans of the various ethnic groups of the pre-colonial Philippine islands.
In the absence of the datu (head of the domain), the babaylan takes in the role of interim head of the domain.
Babaylans were held in such high esteem because of their ability to negate the dark magic of an evil datu or spirit and heal the sick or the wounded.
Among the powers of the babaylan was to heal the sick, ensure a safe pregnancy and child birth, and lead rituals with offerings to the various divinities.
The babaylans were well versed in herb lore, and was able to create remedies, antidotes, and potions from various roots and seeds.
They used these to treat the sick or to aid an ally datu in bringing down an enemy, hence, the babaylans were also known for their specialization in medical and divine combat.
Their influence waned when most of the ethnic groups of the Philippines were gradually converted to Islam and forcefully converted to Catholicism.
The Spanish burned down everything they associated as connected to the native people's indigenous religion (including shrines such as the dambana), even forcefully ordering native children to defecate on their own god's idols.
In modern Philippine society, their roles have largely been taken over by folk healers, which are now predominantly male, while some are still being falsely accused as 'witches', which has been inputted by Spanish colonialism.
In areas where the people have not been converted into Muslims or Christians, notably ancestral domains of indigenous peoples, the shamans and their cultural traits have continued to exist with their respective communities, although these shamans and their practices are being slowly diluted by Christian religions which continue to interfere with their life-ways.
The area is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, and many of its peoples observe shamanistic practices, even in modern times.
Manchu Shamanism is one of very few Shamanist traditions which held official status into the modern era, by becoming one of the imperial cults of the Qing dynasty of China (alongside Buddhism, Taoism and traditional Heaven worship).
The Palace of Earthly Tranquility, one of the principal halls of the Forbidden City in Beijing, was partly dedicated to Shamanistic rituals.
Among the Siberian Chukchis peoples, a shaman is interpreted as someone who is possessed by a spirit, who demands that someone assume the shamanic role for their people.
Among several Samoyedic peoples, shamanism was a living tradition also in modern times, especially at groups living in isolation, until recent times (Nganasans).
When the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949 and the border with Russian Siberia was formally sealed, many nomadic Tungus groups (including the Evenki) that practiced shamanism were confined in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia.
In many other cases, shamanism was in decline even at the beginning of the 20th century, for instance, among the Roma.
While in other parts of the world, religious rituals are primarily used to promote agricultural prosperity, here they were used to ensure success in hunting and breeding livestock.
Animals are one of the most important elements of indigenous religion in Central Asia because of the role they play in the survival of the nomadic civilizations of the steppes as well as sedentary populations living on land not conducive to agriculture.
As a religion of nature, shamanism throughout Central Asia held particular reverence for the relations between sky, earth and water and believed in the mystical importance of trees and mountains.
Shamanism in Central Asia also places a strong emphasis on the opposition between summer and winter, corresponding to the huge differences in temperature common in the region.
The harsh conditions and poverty caused by the extreme temperatures drove Central Asian nomads throughout history to pursue militaristic goals against their sedentary neighbors.
In this role they took on tasks such as healing, divination, appealing to ancestors, manipulating the elements, leading lost souls and officiating public religious rituals.
The shamanic séance served as a public display of the shaman's journey to the spirit world and usually involved intense trances, drumming, dancing, chanting, elaborate costumes, miraculous displays of physical strength, and audience involvement.
The goal of these séances ranged from recovering the lost soul of a sick patient and divining the future to controlling the weather and finding a lost person or thing.
The use of sleight-of-hand tricks, ventriloquism, and hypnosis were common in these rituals but did not explain the more impressive feats and actual cures accomplished by shamans.
Shamans in ecstasy displayed unusual physical strength, the ability to withstand extreme temperatures, the bearing of stabbing and cutting without pain, and the heightened receptivity of the sense organs.
Shamans made use of intoxicating substances and hallucinogens, especially mukhomor mushrooms and alcohol, as a means of hastening the attainment of ecstasy.
The use of purification by fire is an important element of the shamanic tradition dating back as early as the 6th century.
These purifications were complex exorcisms while others simply involved the act of literally walking between two fires while being blessed by the shaman.
Despite distinctions between various types of shamans and specific traditions, there is a uniformity throughout the region manifested in the personal beliefs, objectives, rituals, symbols and the appearance of shamans.
The dramatic displays are not to draw attention or to create a spectacle, but to lead the tribe in a solemn ritualistic process.
The use of these elements serves the purpose of outwardly expressing his mystical communion with nature and the spirits for the rest of the tribe.
The true shaman can make the journey to the spirit world at any time and any place, but shamanic ceremonies provide a way for the rest of the tribe to share in this religious experience.
The shaman changes his voice mimetically to represent different persons, gods, and animals while his music and dance change to show his progress in the spirit world and his different spiritual interactions.
Many shamans practice ventriloquism and make use of their ability to accurately imitate the sounds of animals, nature, humans and other noises in order to provide the audience with the ambiance of the journey.
Elaborate dances and recitations of songs and poetry are used to make the shamans spiritual adventures into a matter of living reality to his audience.
The transformation into an animal is an important aspect of the journey into the spirit world undertaken during shamanic rituals so the coat is often decorated with birds feathers and representations of animals, coloured handkerchiefs, bells and metal ornaments.
The drum or tambourine is the essential means of communicating with spirits and enabling the shaman to reach altered states of consciousness on his journey.
In Soviet Central Asia, the Soviet government persecuted and denounced shamans as practitioners of fraudulent medicine and perpetuators of outdated religious beliefs in the new age of science and logic.
Shamans represented an important component in the traditional culture of Central Asians and because of their important role in society, Soviet organizations and campaigns targeted shamans in their attempt to eradicate traditional influences in the lives of the indigenous peoples.
Along with persecution under the tsarist and Soviet regimes, the spread of Christianity and Islam had a role in the disintegration of native faith throughout central Asia.
Shamanism is still widely practiced in the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa, Japan), where shamans are known as 'Noro' (all women) and 'Yuta'.
It is commonly believed that the Shinto religion is the result of the transformation of a shamanistic tradition into a religion.
Some of the prehistoric peoples who once lived in Siberia and other parts of Central and Eastern Asia have dispersed and migrated into other regions, bringing aspects of their cultures with them.
For example, many Uralic peoples live now outside Siberia; however, the original location of the Proto-Uralic peoples (and its extent) is debated.
Combined phytogeographical and linguistic considerations (distribution of various tree species and the presence of their names in various Uralic languages) suggest that this area was north of Central Ural Mountains and on lower and middle parts of Ob River.
Shamanism has played an important role in Turko-Mongol mythology: Tengriism—the major ancient belief among Xiongnu, Mongol and Turkic peoples, Magyars and Bulgars—incorporates elements of shamanism.
Shamanism is no more a living practice among Hungarians, but remnants have been reserved as fragments of folklore, in folktales, customs.
Some historians of the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period have argued that traces of shamanistic traditions can be seen in the popular folk belief of this period.
Ginzburg in particular has argued that some of these traditions influenced the conception of witchcraft in Christendom, in particular ideas regarding the witches' sabbath, leading to the events of the witch trials in the early modern period.
Some of these Italian traditions survived into the 20th and early 21st centuries, allowing Italian-American sociologist Sabina Magliocco to make a brief study of them (2009).
Also in most Eskimo groups, the role of mediator is known well: the person filling it in is actually believed to be able to contact the beings who populate the belief system.
The Russian linguist Menovshikov (Меновщиков), an expert of Siberian Yupik and Sireniki Eskimo languages (while admitting that he is not a specialist in ethnology) mentions, that the shamanistic seances of those Siberian Yupik and Sireniki groups he has seen have many similarities to those of Greenland Inuit groups described by Fridtjof Nansen, although a large distance separates Siberia and Greenland.
The myths concerning the role of shaman had several variants, and also the name of their protagonists varied from culture to culture.
Many of these indigenous religions have been grossly misrepresented by outside observers and anthropologists, even to the extent of superficial or seriously mistaken anthropological accounts being taken as more authentic than the accounts of actual members of the cultures and religions in question.
Some contribute to the fallacy that Native American cultures and religions are something that only existed in the past, and which can be mined for data despite the opinions of Native communities.
Among those that do have this sort of religious structure, spiritual methods and beliefs may have some commonalities, though many of these commonalities are due to some nations being closely related, from the same region, or through post-Colonial governmental policies leading to the combining of formerly independent nations on reservations.
With the arrival of European settlers and colonial administration, the practice of Native American traditional beliefs was discouraged and Christianity was imposed upon the indigenous people.
From the colonial era, up until the passage of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1978, it was illegal for Indigenous people to practice traditional religion and sacred ceremonies.
In most communities, the traditions were not completely eradicated, but rather went underground, and were practiced secretly until the prohibitive laws were repealed.
Up until and during the last hundred years, thousands of Native American and First Nations children from many different communities were sent into the Canadian Indian residential school system, and Indian boarding schools in an effort to destroy tribal languages, cultures and beliefs.
In several tribes living in the Amazon rainforest, the spiritual leaders also act as managers of scarce ecological resources The rich symbolism in Tukano culture has been documented in field works even in the last decades of the 20th century.
For the Aymara people of South America the Yatiri is a healer who heals the body and the soul, they serve the community and do the rituals for Pachamama.
Part of the healing power attributed to shamanic practices depends of the use of plant alkaloids taken during the therapeutic sessions.
In Mali, Dogon sorcerers (both male and female) communicate with a spirit named Amma, who advises them on healing and divination practices.
For harmony between the living and the dead, vital for a trouble-free life, the ancestors must be shown respect through ritual and animal sacrifice.
There is an endeavor in some contemporary occult and esoteric circles to reinvent shamanism in a modern form, often drawing from core shamanism—a set of beliefs and practices synthesized by Michael Harner—centered on the use of ritual drumming and dance, and Harner's interpretations of various indigenous religions.
Harner has faced criticism for taking pieces of diverse religions out of their cultural contexts and synthesising a set of universal shamanic techniques.
Some neoshamans focus on the ritual use of entheogens, and also embrace the philosophies of chaos magic while others (such as Jan Fries) have created their own forms of shamanism.
European-based neoshamanic traditions are focused upon the researched or imagined traditions of ancient Europe, where many mystical practices and belief systems were suppressed by the Christian church.
Shamanistic techniques have also been used in New Age therapies which use enactment and association with other realities as an intervention.
Of these, 85.7% spoke Belarusian, 9.8% Yiddish, 2.5% Latvian, 1.3% Russian, 0.3% Polish, 0.1% German and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
Ben Healy (born 29 June 1999) is an Irish rugby union player, who is currently a member of the Munster Academy.
Healy first began playing rugby for Nenagh Ormond in County Tipperary, and went on to captain Glenstal Abbey to their first Munster Schools Rugby Senior Cup in 2018, defeating Christian Brothers College 18–17 in the final.
He also won representation for Munster at under-18, under-19 and under-20 level, as well as Ireland at under-18 and under-19 level.
Healy started and scored 13 points for Garryowen as they beat City of Armagh 45–21 in the final of the 2018–19 All-Ireland Cup in April 2019.
Munster moved to bring Healy into their academy immediately after he had completed his leaving cert, with Healy joining ahead of the 2018–19 season.
Healy made his senior competitive debut for Munster in their 2019–20 Pro14 round 7 fixture against Edinburgh on 29 November 2019, starting at fly-half and scoring 11 points in the provinces 18–16 defeat.
He made his European debut for Munster in their final pool 4 fixture of the 2019–20 Champions Cup against Welsh side Ospreys on 19 January 2020.
Selected in the Ireland under-20s squad for the 2019 Six Nations Under 20s Championship, Healy made his debut for the side when he came on as a replacement in their 34–24 win against Italy on 22 February 2019, before going on to start at fly-half in the wins against France and Wales, the latter of which secured Ireland's first grand slam in the tournament since 2007.
He was retained in the under-20s squad for the 2019 World Rugby Under 20 Championship when it was confirmed in May 2019.
The American Sanctuary Association (ASA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1998 to set standards for animal care and housing.
The goal of ASA is to link together sanctuary directors and founders in order to share experiences and to enable unwanted and wild unreleasable animals to find safe haven.
ASA was founded in 1998 in large part to fill the role for animal sanctuaries that the AZA fills for zoos, and in disagreement with the prevailing accreditation standards.
Actress and animal activist, Tippi Hedren, founder of the Shambala Preserve, was elected as the first President, and still serves in that role.
ASA serves as an accrediting body for animal sanctuaries, ensuring that ASA accrediting facilities meet higher standards of animal care than required by U.S. law.
Among other things, the ASA looks at the sanctuary's financials, nonprofit status, APHIS inspection reports, habitat designs, food prep areas, staff and board of directors, emergency procedures, and general condition of the sanctuary and its inhabitants.
Unlike wildlife rehabilitation centers, wildlife sanctuaries provide homes to wild animals that have been deemed non-releasable, usually due to injuries or habituation to humans.
On October 27, 2011, Kamamoto was drafted as a developmental squad player () by the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks in the 2011 Nippon Professional Baseball draft.
In 2012 - 2015 season, he played in informal matches against Shikoku Island League Plus's teams and amateur baseball teams, and played in the Western League of NPB's minor leagues.
On July 31, 2015, Kamamoto signed a 6 million yen contract with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks as a registered player under management.
And he recorded a 26 stolen bases in the Western League and was honored with the 2017 Western League Most Stolen base Leader Award and 2017 Western League Excellent Player Award.
In the 2019 season, he finished the regular season in 86 games with a batting average of .270, a 4 home runs, a 11 stolen bases.
Santiago Marraco Solana (Canfranc, Spain, 25 July 1938) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and who previously served as President of the Government of Aragon, one of the Spanish regional administrations, from 1983 to 1987.
Hipólito Gómez de las Roces (Nava, Spain, 1932) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Aragonese Party (PAR) and who previously served as President of the Government of Aragon, one of the Spanish regional administrations, from 1987 to 1991.
José Marco Berges (Pedrola, Spain, 10 January 1950) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and who previously served as President of the Government of Aragon, one of the Spanish regional administrations, from 1993 to 1995.
Of these, 51.1% spoke Belarusian, 22.3% Yiddish, 20.1% Russian, 3.2% Polish, 2.2% Latvian, 0.7% German, 0.2% Lithuanian, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
Keppy Ekpenyong Edet Bassey-Inyang is a Nigerian actor who received a commendation award from the Actors Guild of Nigeria in 2018 for his contributions to Nollywood.
Ekpenyong attended University Of Calabar In Cross River State and obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Linguistics and in 1982 obtained a Masters Degree in International Law and Diplomacy from the University of Lagos.
Ramón Aurelio Tejedor Sanz (Zaragoza, Spain, 18 February 1955) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and who previously served as acting President of the Government of Aragon in early 1995.
In addition to being selectman for five years, he held a number of roles and positions of responsibility within the new town including tithingman.
Ten years after King Phillip's War, question arose as to whether or not the town of Wrentham, Massachusetts was on land legally purchased from the Wampanoag people.
Under President Lyndon B. Johnson, Davis was assistant secretary of the treasury and then executive director of the Inter-American Development Bank.
Davis was born December 23, 1919 in St. Joseph and graduated from Cornell University.. Davis was a civilian flying instructor with the Army Air Corps during World War II and was a test pilot at the Naval Air Station at Pearl Harbor and a senior lieutenant who was honorably discharged in 1945.
During Eagleton’s run to become Vice President in 1972, Davis told friends he knew of documents relating to Eagleton being charged with drunken and reckless driving.
Dalberto Luan Belo (born 15 September 1994), simply known as Dalberto, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chapecoense, on loan from Juventude.
Born in Bento Fernandes, Rio Grande do Norte, Dalberto started his career with América de Natal in 2013, after being approved on a trial.
In early 2014, however, he was released after playing just one match for the first team, and subsequently represented Bonsucesso and São João da Barra.
On 11 May of that year, he moved to ABC, and helped the club in their promotion to the Série B.
He subsequently served loan stints at Londrina and Sampaio Corrêa, being rarely used in both stints; he then returned to Mirassol in for the 2016 Copa Paulista, but still rescinded his contract at the end of the year.
He helped the club in their promotion to division two, and moved to Série A side Chapecoense on loan the following 26 September.
Dalberto made his top tier debut on 29 September 2019, starting in a 1–1 away draw against Athletico Paranaense but being replaced with only 11 minutes due to an injury.
TSLAQ is a loosely-collected group of largely anonymous individuals critical of Elon Musk and aspects of Tesla, Inc. who primarily organize on Twitter and Reddit in order to share news, openly discuss matters concerning the company and its stock, and coordinate efforts.
The group at times exchanges online verbal hostilities with Tesla fans, and Tesla officials such as CEO Elon Musk have actively engaged prominent members.
In the latest in a series of communications between the two, sarcastic open-letters were exchanged between Musk and CEO of Greenlight Capital David Einhorn (a noted Tesla bear whose company shorts $TSLA) in early November 2019, with Einhorn directly referencing a website from the TSLAQ community.
Using GoFundMe, TSLAQ members led by Fossi ran a campaign for and contributed to the defense fund, accruing in excess of US$100,000, for fellow member, Randeep Hothi, who was initially sued by Tesla.
Mr. Hothi allegedly chased a car full of Tesla employees and attempted to cause an accident by driving erratically to confuse the car's Autopilot system, among other things.
Some members short Tesla stock as they believe it will lower in value in the future; Tesla was the most shorted stock in 2019, with over $10.5 billion in shorted share value at its peak, although as of November 2019 that value has fallen to $8.3 billion.
Claims against Elon Musk and Tesla include that Tesla has reached a cliff in demand, and that Tesla is distorting its sales numbers of cars.
The Musée de Charlevoix (Charlevoix Museum) is a museum of art, ethnology and history located in La Malbaie, in the natural region of Charlevoix, in the province of Québec, in Canada.
Since the beginning of XX century, the Charlevoix region has been regularly attended by many artists, such as Clarence Gagnon or André Biéler.
This first establishment takes on a new dimension in 1975, when the collections are set up in the former La Malbaie post office.
These are works by well-known artists: Clarence Gagnon, René Richard, Georges-Henry Duquet and popular artists such as Roger Ouellette and Robert Cauchon (naive art, art brut).
For the next several decades, schools were predominantly Mormon-run, with their ecclesiastical leaders organizing schools and Mormon doctrine and scriptures taught within the curriculum.
As the United States continued expanding west, the population in Utah became increasingly non-Mormon, resulting in a push to publicize schools and separate church and state.
When Utah became a state in 1896, schools became government-funded and free from sectarian control, allowing for free public-school education throughout the state.
Throughout the twentieth century, heavy emphasis was placed on educational reform and providing better funding to Utah schools as funds, especially teacher salaries, were quite low.
The pioneers fled to present-day Utah – then a territory of Mexico – to escape religious persecution and the Missouri Governor Bogg's extermination order, arriving in the Salt Lake Valley in 1847.
Financial assistance lay almost entirely among those who attended and thus, the support of each school relied heavily on the economic conditions of the surrounding area.
With a lack of centralization and widely varying funding, the quality of education and the curriculum offered also varied throughout the state.
However, due to their church-sponsored support, the curriculum often taught moral values of the church and even included LDS scripture as supplemental sources.
However, efforts to centralize curriculum and school policy began as early as 1851 with the creation of the office of territorial superintendent of schools, though centralization in practice wasn't evident for several years.
County superintendents were put in place, the legal responsibility for the establishment and overseeing of schools transferred from the Bishop to city councils, and cities could collect taxes to help with teacher salaries and school supplies.
Much of this change occurred because many non-LDS people were moving into the territory, establishing Protestants and Catholics, although members of the Church of Jesus Christ were still the majority population in the state.
Though they had been relatively isolated, the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 ushered in a much larger population of non-LDS groups.
The large population of non-LDS people living within the state often clashed with the LDS dominated society, struggling with their social dominance and some doctrinal points such as polygamy.
They established mission schools for this purpose, the first of which was St. Marks school, built-in 1867, which still exists today.
The now 20% non-LDS population resisted the idea of funding going to public schools which were still essentially Mormon dominated schools.
The minority religions called for a separation of church and state, a call made more significant as the Territorial Superintendent of District Schools at the time was John Taylor, the third president of the LDS church, who had defeated the first liberal candidate to run, M. W. Ashbrook.
In 1887, the federal government stepped in, issuing the Edmunds-Tucker Act which required changes to many of the Church's political and social practices.
Among these changes was the call to end the practice of polygamy and the abolishment of the territorial Superintendent of Schools.
When Utah achieved statehood in 1896, this law expanded to make the school's government-funded and maintained and completely free from sectarian control.
As the 19th century passed into the 20th century, Utah became one of the first states to equalize education throughout the state.
As enrollment of students increased in the public school system in Utah, new problems would arise that would challenge the state.
Utah boasted one of the lowest enrollments in the nation toward the beginning of the 20th century (0.5%), but families who were not members of the dominant church population in Utah felt that the public schools in Utah were essentially private because of the heavy influence from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
The church attempted to create a system of private schools in response to Protestant education reforms, but those schools were adopted into public schools, which led to the low private school enrollment rate.
One of the themes that have defined education in Utah is that students have received above-average test scores despite the deprivation of funds.
After World War II, teachers and schools started to take a stand and seek greater funding from the government to provide education to the students they taught.
Teachers found this to be difficult during the governorship of J. Bracken Lee (1949–1957) because of his sweeping budget reforms and his objection to receiving federal aid.
After Lee left office, governors sought ways to provide more money to teachers and the education system, but it did not seem to be enough to fulfill the needs of the teachers.
In 1960, about 12 percent of teachers in Utah left their work in the schools for other jobs in the state due partially to insufficient salaries.
Many students who were trained to be teachers took teaching jobs outside of Utah leaving about half of the teaching jobs in Utah filled by people who underwent alternate teaching certification methods or who were not certified teachers at all.
The financial crisis became so extreme that the National Education Association (NEA) sanctioned the state education system in Utah, the first time it had done this to a whole state in its history, in May 1964.
After Cal Rampton, a democratic governor elected after Lee, fixed some of the financial issues that brought about the sanctions from the NEA, the sanctions were lifted in 1965.
After Rampton conducted his educational reforms and gave the schools more funds, schools began operating again, though not quite above the national averages.
More educational reforms began in Utah and throughout the United States in 1983 upon the release of the results of the publication released by the National Commission of Excellence in Education which ranked students in the United States below average as compared to other developed and developing countries around the world.
This development in education was seen as an issue to national security and more funds were put into education nationally to improve the education system.
Despite some of the issues Utah dealt with in regards to the blurred line between church and state and financial crises, many students went through Utah schools that were successful.
The Indian Placement Program was an official program of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints to provide opportunities for children of Native Americans to receive an education in the schools that were dominated by the white settlers in the Mormon Corridor.
To participate in the program, a child needed to be a baptized member of the church, relatively free of emotional oddities, want to be educated, and keep good grades.
Some participants felt that they could not have achieved what they did in their lives without their involvement in the program, while others felt that their involvement in the program took them away from their culture that they could no longer identify with.
Other critics of the program claimed that the church was kidnapping children to indoctrinate them into their faith and culture while others claimed it harmed the children's psychological welfare because of their separation from their biological parents.
As schools on reservations improved throughout the 1980s, enrollment in the Indian Placement Program fell until the church officially ended the program in 1996.
The University of Utah was established in February 1850 as the first university west of the Mississippi river by Brigham Young, the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
The school was originally named the University of Deseret, after a word that came from the church's book of scripture, The Book of Mormon, meaning honeybee.
The honeybee was a symbol of hard work and industry for members of the church and Brigham Young, and to name the university after that symbol mirrored Brigham Young's vision for the university.
The name of the university was changed to the University of Utah in 1894, just two years before the state of Utah being admitted into the Union.
Karl G. Maeser was the first principal of the school and is credited by the school as the one who kept it running despite some early challenges.
The school lost much of its financial backing following the death of Brigham Young in 1877 and sought funding from local members in the area to remain to function.
After the school burned down, it moved up to Temple Hill, as it was called in Provo, where the school currently resides.
The school grew steadily over the next few decades and was even used as one of many training grounds for the United States Army during World War II.
The school went through multiple name changes over the first decades of its establishment, but finally settled on Utah State University in 1957.
Utah State University has continued to grow and has a renowned engineering program that has a partnership with the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA).
This school continued to operate under the jurisdiction of the church until the state took jurisdiction of the school in 1933. it almost returned to the jurisdiction of the church during J. Bracken Lee's governorship in his effort to reduce expenses for the state, but a referendum stopped the school from transitioning back to the church.
The school continues to grow and boasts of great technology and liberal arts programs through the school are smaller than the other larger schools in the state.
The people of Cedar City worked together to build the campus themselves as they built the first building for the university.
Originally formed in 1941, Utah Valley Technical Institution was created to address some of the demands of the coming war (World War II).
The training the institution gave was seen as necessary and received funding from the government to become a permanent institution in Orem.
Utah Valley University now boasts the largest enrollment for a school in Utah and serves many non-traditional students while providing education in programs that may not be traditionally present at other universities (such as piloting and first responder education).
Joseph Bernard Gildenhorn (born September 17, 1929), was the US Ambassador to Switzerland (1989-1993), a partner in the law firm of Brown, Gildenhorn and Jacobs (Washington, DC), and Founder, Officer and Director of JBG Smith, a since publically quoted real estate development and management firm.
degree in Business Administration), and Yale Law School in 1954 and was a member of the Editorial Board of the Yale Law Journal and Order of the Coif.
JBG Smith began in what has been described as a small law firm that began in 1956 by Gildenhorn and high school friends Donald Brown and Gerald Miller.
About ten years later, the principals of Miller, Brown and Gildenhorn decided to become real estate developers in the Washington, DC area.
Of these, 83.6% spoke Belarusian, 10.7% Russian, 4.7% Yiddish, 0.5% Latvian, 0.4% Polish, 0.1% German and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
It is speculated that the name of the community is derived from the Choctaw words 'ita humma' which means 'red pole' in the Choctaw language.
The men's 100 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 13 and 14 October.
In mathematics, the polynomial method is an algebraic approach to combinatorics problems that involves capturing some combinatorial structure using polynomials and proceeding to argue about their algebraic properties.
The polynomial method encompasses a wide range of specific techniques for using polynomials and ideas from areas such as algebraic geometry to solve combinatorics problems.
While a few techniques that follow the framework of the polynomial method, such as Alon's Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, have been known since the 1990s, it was not until around 2010 that a broader framework for the polynomial method has been developed.
Now we will use the property that formula_6 is a Kakeya set to show that formula_25 must vanish on all of formula_26.
However, formula_39 is a polynomial of degree formula_18 in formula_41 but it has at least formula_42 roots corresponding to the nonzero elements of formula_1 so it must be identically zero.
We have shown that formula_45 for all formula_4 but formula_25 has degree less than formula_49 in each of the variables so this is impossible by the Schwartz–Zippel lemma.
A variation of the polynomial method, often called polynomial partitioning, was introduced by Guth and Katz in their solution to the Erdős distinct distances problem.
Polynomial partitioning involves using polynomials to divide the underlying space into regions and arguing about the geometric structure of the partition.
The technique of polynomial partitioning has been used to give a new proof of the Szemerédi–Trotter theorem via the polynomial ham sandwich theorem and has been applied to a variety of problems in incidence geometry.
From 2013 to 2016 he was an assistant professor in the Kawarabayashi Large Graph Project of the National Institute of Informatics.
Although services now take place in a school, the cause—founded in 1785 by seceders from the nearby Five Ash Down Independent Chapel—had its own chapel from 1789 until 2005, when the building closed and was sold for residential conversion.
The church was formed as a result of doctrinal differences which split the congregation at Five Ash Down a year after the church there was founded.
Believers in particular redemption and closed communion left that church, which in common with many Nonconformist churches in this part of Sussex had been founded along Independent Calvinist lines, and formed a separate church at a farm in Uckfield in 1785.
Another split occurred in the 1920s as the church realigned itself with General Baptist theology, causing Strict Baptist members to secede once more and form a new church which still meets elsewhere in Uckfield.
Twelve years earlier, Thomas Dicker junior had experienced a religious conversion after attending an open-air service in the nearby town of Uckfield; in 1773 he started holding meetings at his house, and so many worshippers were attracted to these services that his father provided land for a chapel to be built.
From the start, the doctrine of the Five Ash Down cause was Independent Calvinistic, in common with many churches founded in Sussex in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Another group with Calvinistic origins, the Strict and Particular Baptists, shared these views but also adhered to the doctrines of believers' baptism and closed communion, and also differed on other matters of ecclesiastical polity.
Many congregations were split by doctrinal disagreement or the appointment of a new pastor with a different interpretation of Calvinism, and new churches were regularly constituted for seceding members.
Of the dozens of Strict Baptist causes established in Sussex over the years, the majority had their origins in the type of Independent Calvinism practised at Five Ash Down.
Members who held the stricter view that only a confession of faith followed by total immersion baptism could permit membership broke away and formed a separate gathering at Lephams (or Leaphams) Bridge Farm east of Five Ash Down.
A Strict Baptist church was constituted at this location on 15 May 1785, and meetings continued there for just over three years.
In 1788, the congregation obtained the lease in copyhold form of a piece of land at the north end of Uckfield High Street.
A permanent chapel, Uckfield Baptist Church, was built; it was opened on 22 February 1789 by Henry Brooker, the founder of Bethel Strict Baptist Chapel, Wivelsfield, Joseph Middleton from a chapel in Lewes and Thomas Dicker—son of the founder of Five Ash Down Chapel.
The future of the church was secured in 1871 when the church gained the right to acquire title to the land.
This also prompted the demolition of the original chapel, which was in a poor state of repair, and its replacement with a large new brick building.
In the same way that disagreement between Independent and Strict Baptist interpretations of Calvinist doctrine caused many churches to split, it became common in the 19th and early 20th centuries for secessions to occur in Strict Baptist churches if pastors, influential members or groups of worshippers started to adopt views associated with General Baptists.
In 1908 a new pastor introduced General Baptist beliefs, and a secession soon took place in 1920: members who wanted to maintain Strict Baptist beliefs left and began to meet at the Foresters Hall in the south of the town.
The building was later registered formally as a place of worship and is still used as a Strict Baptist chapel aligned with the Gospel Standard movement.
The registration was formally transferred to the new chapel with effect from 24 October 1876, and was cancelled on 15 June 2005.
Worship at the church ceased in that year, when the building was sold for residential conversion and the congregation moved their services to Manor Primary School in Uckfield.
As of February 2001, it was one of 2,020 Grade II listed buildings, and 2,173 listed buildings of all grades, in the district of Wealden.
It was opened on 23 April 1988 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Chacaíto to Los Dos Caminos.
In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland it became one of uyezds of Polotsk Governorate (, 1776—1796), later Belarusian Governorate (1796—1802) and Vitebsk Governorate (1802—1917) of the Russian Empire.
On 31 December 1917 Dvinsky Uyezd, populated by mostly Latvians were transferred to Governorate of Livonia, becoming a part of the Latvian Soviet autonomy of Iskolat and a part of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic on 17 December 1918.
Of these, 39.0% spoke Latvian, 20.0% Yiddish, 15.3% Russian, 13.8% Belarusian, 9.1% Polish, 1.8% German, 0.4% Lithuanian, 0.2% Tatar, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
The 2000 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 4th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Copenhagen, Denmark from November 25 to November 26, 2000.
He received a BA in English with drama and American Studies from the University of Derby in 1993, followed by a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, also from Derby.
He worked as a teacher and schools advisor in several schools before becoming an assistant head teacher at a Birmingham primary school, Chilworth Croft Academy in 2009.
Shortly after, he took a position at another primary school, Parkfield Community School, an academy also in the Birmingham area as a Personal Social Health Education (PSHE) teacher and assistant head teacher.
The presentation in Westminster and accompanying document advised parliament on current policy and asked for clarity and support in providing education around the Equality Act 2010's protected characteristics.
The programme addresses issues of inclusion, and covers topics which are protected by the 2010 Equality Act, including religion or belief system, race, gender identity and sexual orientation.
In 2019, following Moffat's nomination for the Global Teacher Prize from the Varkey Foundation, protests grew and spread to other schools in the area.
Following continuing protests, the programme was temporarily halted in March 2019 at these schools and Parkfield whilst a resolution with parents and guardians was sought.
Moffat, as an openly gay staff member, was advised by the police to do a risk assessment of his travel arrangements from school.
One aim of the club is to make connections between school children and reduce the risk of radicalisation in vulnerable groups.
Moffat also speaks as a children's rights communicator and has presented at Humanists UK 2019 convention and the 2019 Blackham lecture with Sarah Hewitt-Clarkson.
Released in 2011, the book won three awards: the Midwest Book Award, the Independent Publishers Book Award and the Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award.
The Birthday Cake is an American film, directed by Jimmy Giannopoulos, from a screenplay by Diomedes Raul Bermudez, Shiloh Fernandez and Giannopoulos.
It is also directorial debut for Giannopoulos who has a directed short films, and worked with Miley Cyrus, A$AP Rocky, Kid Cudi, and others on music projects.
Producers include Siena Oberman under her Artemis Pictures banner, Diomedes Raul Bermudez of Promise Films and Danny Sawaf of Oceana Studios.
The Birthday Cake tells the story of a young Italian man, Giovanni (Gio) who is reluctantly continuing his family tradition of bringing a cake to his Uncle's house to celebrate the 10th anniversary of his father's passing.
It's not long, however, before he witnesses a murder along the way that will force him to learn the truth behind his father's death and change his life forever.
It is composed of a B-type star and an unseen object that might be a black hole with an unexpectedly large mass.
Calculations of the system parameters at this distance contradict the properties derived from assumptions based on the spectral energy distribution and radial velocity variations.
The companion mass would be high enough that anything other than a black hole would be expected to be easily detected.
The black hole, LB-1 B or LB-1 *, at about 70 solar masses, is more than twice the mass as the maximum predicted by most current theories of stellar evolution.
It is in the stellar-mass black hole range, below the size of intermediate-mass black holes; however, it falls in the pair-instability gap of black hole sizes, whereby sufficiently massive black hole progenitor stars undergo pair-instability supernovae and complete disintegrate, leaving no remnant behind.
LB-1 is the first black hole discovered in the mass gap range, discovered by the LAMOST survey and announced in November 2019.
It was discovered by measuring the radial velocity shifts of its companion star, marking the first time a stellar black hole was discovered without observation of its X-ray emissions.
The observed companion, LB-1 A, or , is a B-type star nine times the mass of the Sun and located at least from Earth.
It was found to exhibit radial velocity variations by Chinese astronomers using the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and the radial-velocity method to search for such wobbly stars.
Follow-up observations using the Gran Telescopio Canarias in Spain and the W. M. Keck Observatory in the United States better defined the findings.
The album was officially released with three members of the band, as it was produced after the departure of drummer Yuu.
He stayed there in four years before being released, then had a brief stay at Southern Premier League Hereford United in 2014 before the club collapsed.
After a brief period at Eastbourne Borough, O'Reilly returned in 2016 to the League of Ireland, playing with Longford Town and Finn Harps.
O'Reilly was selected as an unused sub for the Republic of Ireland U17 team in 2012, in a qualifying game against Kazakhstan.
The Clawson point is a special point in a planar triangle defined by the trilinear coordinates formula_1 (Kimberling number X(19)), where formula_2 are the interior angles at the triangle vertices formula_3.
There are at least two ways to constructs the Clawson point, which also could be used as coordinate free definitions of the point.
In both cases you have two triangles, where the three lines connecting their according vertices meet in a common point, which is the Clawson point.
For a given triangle formula_4 let formula_5 be its orthic triangle and formula_6 the triangle formed by the outer tangents to its three excircles.
These two triangles are similar and the Clawson point is their center of similarity, therefore the three lines formula_7 connecting their vertices meet in a common point, which is the Clawson point.
The point is now named after J. W. Clawson, who published his trilinear coordinates 1925 in the American Mathematical Monthly as problem 3132, where he asked for geometrical construction of that point.
On 29 November 2019, Cypriot broadcaster CyBC revealed that Sandro will represent Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
The seven meter high altarpiece is in brass, copper, steel, iron and glass delivered to the church's consecration, one of the artist Finn Christensen's main works.
The wall in the congregation hall is adorned with a large work of glass and steel by Benny Motzfeldt on loan from the Oslo municipal art collection from 2003.
The chapel has an altarpiece by Tor Lindrupsen (2000) who also made the sandblasted window in the choir at the church room's baptismal font (1997).
The Wittouck family is a noble Belgian family, that descends from the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels, established in Brussels since the 18th century.
Guillaume Wittouck, born in Drogenbos on October 30, 1749 and died in Brussels on June 12, 1829, lawyer at the Brabant Council, became Counselor at the Supreme Court of Brabant in 1791.
When Belgium joined France, he became substitute for the commissioner of the Directory at the Civil Court of the Department of the Dyle, then under the consulate, in 1800, judge at the Brussels Court of Appeal, then from 1804 to 1814, under the Empire, counselor at the Court of Appeal of Brussels, then advisor to the Superior Court of Brussels.
He married in Brussels (Church of Saint Nicolas) on June 29, 1778, Anne Marie Cools, born in Gooik on January 25, 1754, died in Brussels on April 11, 1824, daughter of Jean Cools and Adrienne Galmaert descendants of the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels.
Guillaume Wittouck acquired on 28th Floreal of the year VIII (18th May 1800) the castle of Petit-Bigard in Leeuw-Saint-Pierre with a field of one hundred hectares.
The premise of the series is that a teenaged Queen Cleopatra is brought to the far future to attend school and fight a space tyrant together with her friends Akila and Brian.
The women's 100 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 13 and 14 October.
Of these, 82.0% spoke Belarusian, 11.6% Yiddish, 4.0% Polish, 1.7% Russian, 0.5% Latvian, 0.2% Lithuanian and 0.1% German as their native language.
It is well-known for its badlands and extensive ravine systems, that have hosted an untold number of Dacoits and other antisocial elements.
It covers the districts of Baran, Kota, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan, parts of Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Auriya and Jalaun districts of UP, and Bhind, Morena and Sheopur districts of Madhya Pradesh.
Southeastern tributaries like the Kali Sindh and Parbati begin at the extreme south of the Vindhyas and flow north in deep valleys, forming a triangular alluvial plain at elevation of 240-270 m. Afterwards the Banas, a northwestern tributary of the Chambal draining the Aravalli Range, joins the Chambal after crossing the hills near Sawai Madhopur in southeastern Rajasthan.
The valley of the Chambal is wider near the confluence of the Kali Sindh and the Parbati and narrower after the confluence of the Banas.
Most agree that the continuing extreme poverty and slow encroachment of agricultural lands and villages by the ravine systems have caused great hardship to villagers and people.
The caste oppression done by feudal thakurs like the Rajputs and Gujjars against lower castes like Nishads and Kurmis forced many into banditry.
Historically dacoits like Phoolan Devi and Man Singh gained huge followings among the people for being robin-hood figures challenging the hegemony of the landlords.
To this day dacoit gangs are mostly organized along caste lines, with Rajput, Gujjar, Kurmi, Dalit and Brahmin gangs each having followings belonging to their castes and receiving political patronage.
Sylvy Kornberg née Sylvia Ruth Levy (1917-1986) was an American biochemist who carried out research on DNA replication and polyphosphate synthesis.
She discovered and characterized polyphosphate kinase (PPK), an enzyme that helps build long chains of phosphate groups called polyphosphate (PolyP) that play a variety of metabolic and regulatory functions.
She worked closely with her husband and research partner, Arthur Kornberg, contributing greatly to the characterization of DNA polymerization that earned him the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
She was the eldest of three children to parents who were Jewish refugees from Latvia and Belarus with no formal education who had worked in factories their entire lives.
After high school, Sylvy enrolled in the University of Rochester, stating on her application that English and American history were her favorite subjects, while listing chemistry and general science as her least favorites.
Her attitude towards science soon changed - she became enamored to the point where she commuted from the College for Women's campus to the River Campus - the College for Men - to take advanced biology and chemistry courses that were only offered there.
She earned an undergraduate degree in biochemistry in 1938, then went on to earn a Masters of Science in biochemistry in 1940, also from the University of Rochester.
She carried out her graduate research at the university's School of Medicine and Dentistry under Walter Bloor, who specialized in lipids.
It was also here that she met her future husband and research partner, Arthur Kornberg, who was a medical school student at the time.
After earning her master's degree in biochemistry from the University of Rochester, Sylvy took a position at the National Cancer Institute, in Bethesda, Maryland, where she worked jointly with organic chemist Jonathan Hartwell, synthesizing novel carcinogens from plant extracts and biologist Murray Shear, studying their effects on mice.
During this time she edited science books from home for Interscience Publishers (now part of Wiley) and returned to the lab when her youngest son, Kenneth, was 3.
In 1953 they moved to Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri where Arthur took a position as professor and chair of the microbiology department.
They stayed there from 1953 to 1959, during which time Sylvy worked in the lab with Arthur, and contributed greatly to the work on DNA replication that would earn him the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he shared with Severo Ochoa.
One large contribution Sylvy made to the work on DNA replication was the discovery and characterization of a contaminating enzyme that was inhibiting the DNA polymerization process they were trying to study.
Her work during her time at Washington University also included research into an enzyme responsible for synthesizing long chains of phosphate groups, called polyphosphate (PolyP) and studying their role in helping cells store and retrieve energy.
At Stanford, she researched how bacteria-infecting viruses (bacteriophages) are able to avoid destruction of bacterial DNA by modifying their own DNA letters through the addition of glucose molecules.
After retiring, she continued to review and edit manuscripts from home, and returned to the lab for a couple more years to work with Arthur on studying the mechanism of how the anticancer drug bleomycin interferes with DNA replication.
Their eldest, Roger Kornberg, became a professor of structural biology at Stanford University and received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006 for work on transcription, the process in which the DNA instructions for making proteins are first copied into messenger RNA.
Their middle son, Thomas Kornberg, became a professor of biochemistry and physics at the University of California, San Francisco, and was the first to characterize DNA polymerases II and III.
Their youngest son, Kenneth Kornberg, became an architect and president of the Kornberg Association, which specializes in designing research and clinical care facilities.
Sylvy was stricken by a rare neurodegenerative disease related to ALS, whose first symptoms arose within a few years of moving to Stanford in 1959.
She became confined to a wheelchair, requiring round-the-clock care, and died at home in San Mateo, California, June 6, 1986, at the age of 69.
The men's 200 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 14 and 15 October.
The facility's Child Life Zone was created through a partnership between Garth Brooks' Teammates for Kids Foundation and the Jim Pattison Children's Hospital Foundation.
The facility is named after Canadian business magnate Jim Pattison after a $50 million donation was announced in May 2017 by then Premier of Saskatchewan Brad Wall.
The programme Das Medium - Nachricht aus dem Jenseits shows how he helps to cope better with grief in individual consultations.
In the TV crime thriller Tatort: Zwischen zwei Welten, which was produced in Switzerland, there is the character Pablo Guggisberg, who is a medium that helps the police in their investigations.
In individual cases, schools invite Pascal Voggenhuber to talk to students about his work and these topics, for example in physics lessons.
Douglas's Texas Battery (also known as the Good-Douglas Texas Battery or Dallas Light Artillery Battery) was an artillery battery that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
In June 1861, the unit was formed by combining one group of men from Dallas with a second group from Tyler and placing them under the command of John Jay Good.
The battery fought at Pea Ridge in March 1862 and soon afterward transferred to the east side of the Mississippi River.
James Postell Douglas replaced Good as commander and led the battery at Richmond, Stones River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, the Atlanta Campaign, Franklin, and Nashville.
After operations around Mobile, Alabama, Confederate units in the region surrendered and the survivors of the battery were paroled on 12 May 1865.
On 12 March 1859, John Jay Good formed 35 Dallas residents into the Dallas Light Artillery Battery, a unit belonging to the Texas militia.
On 20 April 1861, Good accepted a captain's commission from Governor Edward Clark and was ordered to report to San Antonio.
When he returned to Dallas, Good found that the Confederate States of America authorized him to raise a battery of artillery, which he began recruiting.
He was ordered to join his Dallas company with a second 50-man militia artillery company from Tyler led by James Postell Douglas.
When the full 100-man unit finally rendezvoused in Dallas on 13 June, the officers were named: Captain Good, First Lieutenant Douglas, and Second Lieutenants Alfred Davis, James Boren, and William Harriss.
Benjamin McCulloch soon ordered the 3rd Texas Cavalry to continue its march and it participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek in 13 August.
However, Greer's rapid march through Indian Territory had damaged the equipment of Good's Battery to such an extent that it was compelled to halt at Fort Smith and effect repairs.
Confederate General Earl Van Dorn mounted a two pronged envelopment of the Federal army, sending McCulloch's division against Leetown from the northwest and Sterling Price's division against Elkhorn Tavern from the north.
On 7 March, Price's division made some progress, but the Leetown attack failed; McCulloch and another general were killed and a third leader captured.
At about 4:00 pm, Albert Pike assumed command of McCulloch's division and marched to join Price with 2,000 troops and Good's Battery.
The morning of 8 March revealed 21 Federal cannons under Franz Sigel in a position overlooking the Confederate right flank near Elkhorn Tavern.
Belatedly, Van Dorn ordered Good's six guns and the six guns of Wade's Missouri Battery to reply to the Union cannons.
When Good's Battery exhausted its ammunition, the men limbered up the guns and withdrew, leaving the flag behind in their haste.
It and other wandering artillery units were discovered by the 3rd Texas Cavalry and 1st Missouri Cavalry on 10 March and escorted back to the main army.
Since Price's Missourians led the retreat, McCulloch's men found very little to eat until the army crossed the Boston Mountains into central Arkansas.
Good fell ill and resigned his command on 10 May 1862, the same day that the battery reorganized; he later served as a military judge.
The battery's soldiers re-enlisted for two more years and elected new officers: Captain Douglas, First Lieutenant Boren, Second Lieutenant John Bingham, and Third Lieutenant Ben Hardin.
From this time forward, the unit was called Douglas's Texas Battery and its size was reduced from six guns to four guns: two 6-pounder field guns and two 12-pounder howitzers.
When Douglas allowed his tired cannoneers to ride on the caissons and gun carriages, he was placed under arrest by Preston Smith, his brigade commander.
In the Battle of Richmond at the end of August, Cleburne ordered Douglas's Battery to take a position in the center of his battle line.
For two hours there was a duel with 12 Union cannons, during which Boren commanded the two howitzers and Bingham directed the two 6-pounders.
In the lopsided victory that followed, the Confederates sustained losses of 78 killed, 372 wounded, and one missing while the Federals lost 206 killed, 844 wounded, plus 4,303 men and nine guns captured.
At the Battle of Stones River on 31 December 1862–2 January 1863, Douglas's Battery served with Mathew D. Ector's brigade in John P. McCown's division of William J. Hardee's corps.
At the start of the Confederate attack on the first day, Douglas's Battery was positioned on the left flank of McCown's division.
Douglas's Battery next fought in the Battle of Chickamauga on 19–20 September 1863 as part of the artillery battalion belonging to Cleburne's division of Daniel Harvey Hill's corps.
The unit was committed to the battle as darkness fell at 6:00 pm on the first day near the Winfrey Field.
Major T. R. Hotchkiss, Cleburne's chief of artillery, deployed all his batteries behind S. A. M. Wood's brigade in the center of Cleburne's line.
When the unit finally reached a clearing, it was targeted by two Federal batteries, so Douglas ordered it back behind a hill.
At the end of the day, Semple's Alabama Battery, Calvert's Arkansas Battery, and Douglas's Texas Battery supported the final Confederate assault.
As the Texans came under attack, Cleburne posted Douglas's Battery near Granbury's right flank so that it would enfilade the Union attackers.
Though they repulsed the Federal troops opposed to them, the rest of the army was beaten and they were compelled to retreat.
On 18 January 1864, every man of Douglas's Texas Battery re-enlisted for a term of 25 years or the duration of the war.
The Atlanta Campaign began in May 1864 in a year which would see Douglas's Battery fight in 16 battles or skirmishes.
During the Battle of Atlanta on 22 July, Douglas's Battery was sent into action at 4:00 pm with Thomas C. Hindman's division.
Dabney H. Maury and 10,000 Confederate soldiers with 300 guns defended Mobile against 45,000 Federal troops under Edward Canby in March and April 1865.
The survivors of Douglas's Texas Battery reported to Gainesville, Alabama where they gave their paroles on 12 May 1865 and went home.
Lawrence M. Solan (born 1952) is the Don Forchelli Professor of Law and Director of the Center for the Study of Law, Language and Cognition at Brooklyn Law School.
He was later an associate and then a partner in the New York City law firm of Orans, Elsen and Lupert, from 1983-96, focusing on complex civil litigation.
He joined the faculty of Brooklyn Law School in 1996, where he now the Don Forchelli Professor of Law and Director of the Center for the Study of Law, Language and Cognition.
Much of his academic legal career has been devoted to studying and writing about the way in which linguistic analysis can inform the legal system, and he has taught courses on the subject at Brooklyn Law School, Yale Law School, and Princeton University.
The 1998 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 3rd edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Berlin, Germany from November 21 to November 22, 1998.
She has served as the medical director of the Children's Hospital of Nevada at UMC since its inauguration in January 2010.
She undertook her pediatric residency at the Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit in 1984 with Wayne State University School of Medicine and the Detroit Medical Center.
She began to spearhead the development of the hospital's Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in 1994, becoming the Chief of the Department of Pediatrics in 1996.
She can be credited with starting a dedicated Pediatric Sedation Unit at UMC in 2008, the first of its kind in the state of Nevada.
Thanks to her many efforts, the Children's Hospital of Nevada at UMC was officially established in 2010, with Dr. Vohra as its medical director.
She became an Adjunct Professor of Pediatric Critical Care at Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2015, and joined the University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine as a Clinical Professor in 2017.
Vohra is board certified in both Pediatrics and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, having become a Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatrics in 1988 and having joined the sub-board of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine in 1996.
The Columbia 33 Caribbean is an American sailboat that was designed by Wirth Munroe as deep water cruiser and first built in 1963.
The Columbia 33 Caribbean is a development of the Arco 33, which was built by Crystaliner, who completed 15 examples in 1959, before selling the molds to Columbia Yachts.
The Columbia 33 Caribbean design was developed into the Columbia 34 in 1966 with the addition of a new deck adapted from the Columbia 40 design.
The Columbia 33 Caribbean design was built by Columbia Yachts, who built 61 examples between 1963 and 1965, but it is now out of production.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed long keel with a retractable centerboard.
Aiguabarreig is a natural space with great importance as an area of reproduction, wintering and resting of migratory fauna located in Mequinenza (Bajo Cinca, Aragón, Spain).
It constitutes the largest river confluence of the Iberian Peninsula (with the union of Ebro, Segre and Cinca rivers) and one of the largest in all Europe.
The Aiguabarreig Segre-Cinca-Ebro is formed at the time that the Cinca river brings its water to the Segre river, in the municipal area of La Granja d'Escarp, and then they arrive to the Ebro river, already in Mequinenza.
It borders to the west with the Monegros, to the east with Almatret and to the south with the Ribarroja reservoir.
This great natural space is divided between two autonomous communities (Aragon and Catalonia) and also in two regions; Segrià for Catalonia and Bajo / Baix Cinca in Aragon.
A few kilometers later, the waters of Segre and Cinca converge with the waters of the Ebro, in the municipality of Mequinenza.
Aiguabarreig of Mequinenza is controlled by the Matarranya-Aiguabarreig Special Protection Area which has a length of 36,821 ha, of which 7,417.26 ha are located in the municipality of Mequinenza.
The Special Protection Area encompasses the central area of the Aiguabarreig, from the south of Torrente de Cinca, all the Mequinenza river area to the junction with the Matarraña river in the homonymous region.
It is also the point of confluence of the steppe flora, from the arid zone of Monegros and the Mediterranean flora that ascends through the Ebro valley, including some elements of the mountain.
The intertwined connection of river banks and lagoons with an arid and Mediterranean environment where vertical cliffs abound and at the same time fruit trees give this exceptional biological richness.
The landscape has a great contrast between the great wetland that forms the junction of the Ebro, Segre and Cinca rivers and the surrounding aridity, a circumstance that makes this place a strategic point for many birds, whether to winter, to reproduce or as stopping point in the long migratory route.
The fact of being located in the middle of the Ebro depression and the proximity of the Delta Natural Park allow the Aiguabarreig to become an extraordinary biological connector.
There is also presence of Rosmarinus officinalis and some thermophilic species, being frequent that diverse feet or small masses of Quercus coccifera or Juniperus phoenicea appear in its bosom.
There are also some characteristic species such as Populus alba, Salix alba or Tamarix gallica, and helophytes such as Phragmites australis or Typha domingensis.
Thanks to these characteristics, species from very opposite environments coexist where birds are the most prominent group, ranging from colonies of Ardeidae, in the fluvial islands, to all types of birds of pray, as well as birds typical of desert environments, including an extensive representation of species scarce and threatened in Europe.
Other well represented faunal groups are: reptiles, amphibians and mammals, the latter, with an extraordinary representation of different species of bats, an abundant population of deer, roe deer, presence of the otter and the increasingly abundant of wild goat, being able to reach and to observe them from the same town or in the castle of Mequinenza.
The accumulation of sediments in the Ribarroja reservoir has allowed to form different islands between the first confluences of the Segre and the Cinca in recent years until reaching the Ebro, already in the Aragonese population of Mequinenza.
Among them, it is worth highlighting the Illa dels Martinets that has become over the years an important nesting colony for many species of Ardeidae, such as the egret, the great egret, the little egret, the little bittern and the Black-crowned night heron.
The riverside forests and the well-preserved and large-scale reeds host an ornithic population, interesting and well nourished, which can be observed throughout the year, taking advantage of the different phases of this ecosystem; Rail (bird), Pythidae, Thrush (bird), Tit (bird), Finch, Bunting (bird).
In the steppe environment we will find: Little bustard, Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pin-tailed sandgrouse, European roller, Greater short-toed lark and Lesser short-toed lark.
Some of the most emblematic species in the areas of transition are Western Orphean warbler, Spectacled warbler,Blue rock thrush, Black wheatear and Black-eared wheatear.
The amphibians and reptiles identified in the Aiguabarreig are Common midwife toad, Pelobates cultripes, Common parsley frog, Common toad, Natterjack toad, Perez's frog, Spanish pond turtle, European pond turtle, Tarentola mauritanica, Acanthodactylus erythrurus, Ocellated lizard, Podarcis hispanicus, Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus hispanicus, Ladder snake, Coronella girondica, Malpolon monspessulanus and Natrix maura.
The Aiguabarreig is, thanks to fishing, an international point of interest with hundreds of fishermen, particularly Central Europeans, who visit these rivers every year and enjoy the extensive network of existing offers around this activity.
The species of introduced fish, of great attraction for the fisherman, are especially the black bass, the pike-perch or the well-known catfish.
We must not forget the hundreds of naturalists who visit the area every year, attracted by its great biological diversity, particularly birdwatchers.The surroundings of the Aiguabarreig is marked by the coalfield of Mequinenza and the more than 150 years of mining history in the town.
Museums of Mequinenza focus on the mining and historical heritage of the Old Town of Mequinenza that was demolished and flooded under the waters of the Ebro River after the construction of the Ribarroja and Mequinenza reservoirs.
In the Museum of the Mine you can visit an authentic coal mine of more than a kilometer of interior route with historical material and machines that have been used for the extraction of coal for more than 150 years in the mining basin of Mequinenza.
In the Museum of the History of Mequinenza you can explore the past of the population, from Prehistory to the demolition of the old town of Mequinenza as well as a space dedicated to the mequinenzano writer Jesús Moncada.
Castle of Mequinenza stands almost on the edge of a great steep right at the confluence of the Ebro, Segre and Cinca rivers in Mequinenza.
Few fortresses will have a better location than this one, contemplating an extensive and impressive landscape over the confluence of the rivers and their surrounding lands, reaching the Pyrenees on clear days.
The building is an authentic Castle-Palace, one of the best that Gothic art bequeathed to the Crown of Aragon, dated to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
Part of the ancient population of Mequinenza can be visited today because it has become a large outdoor memory park after its demolition and flooding by the Ebro swamps.
The original paths of the streets have been recovered from the runes and of the houses that were above the water level.
The program has a format similar to the American version, with 24 women competing for a single man to be selected as his romantic partner.
At the end of each episode, the candidates will be awarded a rose by the bachelor, symbolizing their continued stay in the contest.
Rise of the Renegades (2003) was the first Rise of the Renegades professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on July 26, 2003 at the Tabu Night Club in Orlando, Florida.
The main event was a tag team match, in which the Global Crown Tag Team Champions The Extreme Horsemen (CW Anderson and Simon Diamond) took on The Sandman and Steve Williams, where if Sandman and Williams won then they would earn a title shot against Anderson and Diamond for the tag team titles but if they lost, they must leave MLW.
Also on the undercard, Steve Corino defended the World Heavyweight Championship against Mike Awesome, Terry Funk took on Abdullah the Butcher and the team of Raven and Norman Smiley faced CM Punk and Michael Shane.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
Steve Corino challenged Awesome to an immediate match for the title as he said that Awesome had promised him a title shot.
At Hybrid Hell, Extreme Horsemen members CW Anderson and Simon Diamond defeated Steve Williams and D-Lo Brown to retain the MLW Global Crown Tag Team Championship.
Later at the event, The Sandman made his MLW debut by rescuing Steve Williams and Terry Funk from an assault by Extreme Horsemen.
At Revolutions, the upstart Paul London defeated Jerry Lynn for an upset victory and was attacked by Lynn and Christopher Daniels after the match.
The opening match of the event was a tag team match pitting Los Maximos (Joel Maximo and Jose Maximo) against Jimmy Yang and Tony Mamaluke.
Near the end of the match, Criado missed a splash on Daniels in the corner and Daniels hit a dragon suplex for the win.
Next, Da Hit Squad were supposed to take on The Samoan Island Tribe (Mana and Samu) in a match but they attacked the Samoan Island Tribe before the match started.
After brawling with each other outside the ring, both teams went to the ring to begin the match but the match went out of control when the Samoan Island Tribe took the referee out and brawled with Da Hit Squad, which resulted in the match ending in a no contest.
Next, one half of the Global Crown Tag Team Champions CW Anderson took on Steve Williams in a match, which stipulated that if Williams or The Sandman won their respective matches against Anderson and his tag team championship partner Simon Diamond, then they would earn a tag team title shot against Anderson and Diamond.
Next, Jerry Lynn was supposed to take on Paul London but London was unable to compete due to his signing with WWE and Lynn berated London in a promo.
Near the end of the match, Sinister Minister caught Homicide on the top rope, allowing Lynn to nail a hurricanrana from the top rope but Homicide countered it into a roll-up and pinned Lynn for the win.
Near the end of the match, Sabu applied a camel clutch on Whipwreck but Whipwreck's manager Sinister Minister distracted Sabu, allowing Whipwreck to hit Sabu with a chair and he smashed Sabu's arm with the chair and pinned him for the win.
Shane knocked her out by superkicking her and then he hit Smiley with a chair and attempted to hit Raven with it but Raven ducked it and the chair accidentally hit Shane by bouncing off the top rope.
Later, Terry Funk came to wrestle for the bounty that Steve Corino had issued on Funk's head and Corino revealed that it would be Abdullah the Butcher but said that he did not need Abdullah to take his own bounty and distracted Funk enough for Abdullah to attack him from behind to begin the match.
Extreme Horsemen interfered in the match to attack Awesome but Terry Funk made the save by attacking everyone with a garbage can.
He threw a chair at Corino but Corino ducked and the chair hit Awesome instead, allowing Corino to pin Awesome to retain the title.
Extreme Horsemen attacked Funk after the match until The Sandman and Steve Williams made the save, challenging Extreme Horsemen to a tag team match.
The tag team match pitted The Sandman and Steve Williams against CW Anderson and Simon Diamond as the main event of the show, which stipulated that if Sandman or Williams lost then they would be forced to leave MLW.
The Sandman and Steve Williams received their Global Crown Tag Team Championship title opportunity against CW Anderson and Simon Diamond at Summer Apocalypse, where Anderson and Diamond retained.
The feud between CM Punk and Raven continued at Summer Apocalypse, where Punk defeated Raven in a Straight Edge Rules match.
Norman Smiley and GI Ho would take on Michael Shane and Francine in a mixed tag team match, which the latter team won.
The feud between Da Hit Squad and Samoan Island Tribe would lead to a falls count anywhere match between the two teams at Summer Apocalypse, where B-Boy replaced a no-showing Dan Maff.
At Summer Apocalypse, Steve Corino issued a bounty of $25,000 on Terry Funk and Jerry Lawler offered to take the bounty and went on to defeat Funk.
Hossain founded Samorita Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka International University, City University, Alhaj Mockbul Hossain University College and Mohammadpur Kendrio Biswabidyalaya College.
In 2008, a Special Judge's Court sentenced Hossain to 13 years in jail on two charges of accumulating illegal wealth and concealing asset information.
His wife, Golam Fatema Tahera Khanom, was sentenced to 3 years in jail for abetting her husband in accumulating the wealth.
Pubal ( or , born circa 24 July 2005) was a male European bison, or wisent, that became renowned in southeast Poland for his friendly interactions with humans and unwillingness to reintegrate into the wild.
Media coverage of his continuous escapes from captivity to seek out human contact earned him a degree of popularity with the public.
He has been described as one of the most famous wisents ever and the only known case of an individual of his species retaining friendly contact with humans throughout his entire life.
On the 26th of July, 2005, a lone bison calf was discovered and rescued by charcoal burning workers, in Rabe near Baligród, after a devastating flood swept across the Bieszczady Mountains.
His age was said to be no more than two days judging by the umbilical cord leftovers that were still present; it was speculated that the male calf was separated from his mother by the flood and thrown onto the road by the rising water levels.
For nine months, the Baligród forester Witold Szybowski with his wife Urszula looked after the young wisent, initially feeding him milk through a baby bottle.
Kompania Piwowarska, the brewing company of the popular Żubr beer brand, donated 2400 złoty to cover some of the growing bison's feeding costs.
In April 2006, Pubal was released into the wild near a wisent herd, but it was not long before he lost interest in representatives of his own species and continued to seek out human contact – at one point literally interrupting the picnic of a family of tourists and frightening them, before the group realised that he was not aggressive and completely tame.
The plan to reintroduce Pubal into the wild was carefully orchestrated in a way that could potentially increase the genetic diversity of the group of bison that were supposed to be his new herd, but even though he was spotted in their vicinity Pubal was relatively quickly seen on his own again and trying to find humans.
By early 2007, Pubal continued to resist all efforts made at reintegrating him into the wild by breaking out of his enclosures multiple times; when roaming free he was often seen wandering around local villages, approaching humans for food, walking between houses, interacting with people, and following cars.
Since Pubal weighed 250 kilograms at this point and there were concerns that he might end up hurting someone when frightened, a decision was made that he must leave the Bieszczady area for good.
In spring of 2007, the almost two-year-old bison was transported northwest to become the semen provider at a żubroń (domestic cattle and wisent hybrid) breeding farm in Karolew.
The owner of the farm, Henryk Ordanik, had heard about Pubal on TV; Ordanik worked together with the foresters under the approval of the authorities to secure Pubal's role as a semen provider at his farm.
The Subcarpathian rangers who had up until this point been looking after Pubal condemned the actions of a tour guide who had lured the animal out of his enclosure into a local town, further reinforcing Pubal's old habits of relying on people feeding him.
As of September 2009, Pubal was still taking an active part in experimental żubroń breeding efforts at the facility in Karolew with a degree of success in their results.
In addition to the widespread media coverage of his friendly encounters with local villagers and tourists alike, Pubal has also been mentioned in a number of books and articles.
Directed by Jacek Szarek, the same documentary received accolades and was later showed to pupils at primary schools in May 2008.
The 1996 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 2nd edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Paris, France from November 23 to November 24, 1996.
France defeated Austria in the Zone A final, and Israel defeated Switzerland in the Zone B final, resulting in both France and Israel being promoted to the 1987 World Group.
Her initial 300 jumps were carried out from a parachute tower as she was considered too young to jump from an aircraft.
Rousseau participated in the first French Parachuting Championship in 1953 and became French national champion in all categories, ahead of the men (all competition was mixed).
Throughout this time she had to wear a parachute rig intended for men and weighing , no female version being available.
The popular press depicted her as a rival of fellow French parachutist , though this may not have reflected the actual relationship between the two women.
On 25 August 1955 Rousseau set a new women's freefall parachute world record by jumping from a height of and opening her parachute only at the height of ; breaking a record set by Russian parachutist Aminet Sultanova.
She was awarded honorary FAI membership in 1982 and also received the FAI bronze medal and the Leonardo Da Vinci Parachuting Diploma.
Each of the four playable characters have their own strengths and weaknesses, as well as their own method of fighting enemies on-screen.
At the beginning, players have the choice of selecting between four paths, with each hosting their own set of stages to play through.
Running out of time will also result in losing a life and once all lives are lost, the game is over unless the players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing.
Along the way, players can pick up items left from defeated enemies, ranging between money, food to restore health and time increasers.
On July 16, 2019, the only known gameplay footage of the title was uploaded online on Twitter by a Japanese user.
Lydia Andrews Finney (March 8, 1804 - December 17, 1847), born Lydia Root, was a social reformer and evangelical revivalist during the Second Great Awakening.
She grew up with her family in the then religiously vibrant Whitestown, NY where she lived until she married her husband, Charles Grandison Finney, in 1824.
When she first met her would-be husband, he was not Christian and she prayed for his conversion, which would ultimately occur a few months after they first met in Adams, NY.
Along with helping her husband, she was one of the founders and first directress of the New York Female Moral Reform Society.
The group initially focused on what they saw as the widespread plague that was prostitution in America during the time, and advocated for approaches that would hold men as well as women responsible, as well as practical ways to reduce prostitution.
In 1835, her husband took a job teaching theology at Oberlin College in Ohio, and shortly after she and their children moved to join him.
She was very active both politically and socially in Oberlin, and helped found multiple organizations including the Oberlin Female Moral Reform Society, the Oberlin Maternal Association, and the Ohio Ladies Anti-Slavery Society.
The Yellowstone Wildlife Sanctuary is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit animal sanctuary in Red Lodge, Montana with the mission of providing lifelong sanctuary to non-releasable Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem wildlife while sharing a message of education and conservation.
Yellowstone Wildlife Sanctuary was formed in 1983 as the Red Lodge Zoological Society, but changed its name to the Beartooth Nature Center around the time the facility opened on about adjacent to Red Lodge’s Coal Miner Park a few years later.
Mammal species represented as of 2019 include black bear, gray wolf, coyote, red fox, mountain lion, Canada lynx, bobcat, bison, porcupine, raccoon, and fox squirrel.
Like all other organizations of its kind, it is licensed by the USDA and regularly inspected by APHIS for compliance with the Animal Welfare Act.
It also carries a license from the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and a migratory bird permit from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to keep birds in accordance with the Migratory Bird Act.
The epidemiology of the disease in India is a complex problem resulting from the geo-ecological diversity of the country, the multi-ethnicity of the population, and widely distributed transmitting vectors.
Around 95% of the country's population live are areas where malaria is endemic, 80% of malaria occurs among 20% of those classified as ‘high-risk populations’, who reside in Andhra Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, and Rajasthan – the seven north-eastern states – and Sikkim.
At a national level, about two million cases of the disease resulting in around 1,000 deaths occur each year, although estimates by the South East Asia Regional Office of the World Health Organisation put the figures at 15 million cases causing 20,000 deaths.
A great achievement would be witnessed during the late 1950s and early 1960s, as a result of eradication efforts reducing malaria cases to just 100,000 in 1964.
Technical and operational guidelines are provided by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) to the state governments and shared half of the costs of the programs.
Analyses show that for every Indian rupee invested by in National Malaria Control Program pays a dividend of 19.7 rupees in savings.
In April 1953, the Government of India commenced the National Malaria Control Program, which proved highly successful and significantly reduced the total number of malaria cases to around 2 million by 1958.
In 1971-72 an urban malaria scheme (UMS) was commenced and a modified plan of operation (MPO) followed in 1977, improving the malaria situation for 5-6 years, providing easy availability of drugs, reducing morbidity and preventing deaths.
The Enhanced Malaria Control Project (EMCP) was launched in April 1997 and implemented in 181 districts across India, with the financial assistance of the World Bank.
It consisted in five components: early diagnosis and prompt treatment, selective vector control, insecticide-treated bed nets, epidemic response and inter-sectoral collaboration, and institutional strengthening.
This program directly benefited the tribal population of eight peninsular states covering 100 districts and 19 urban areas, as well as the population living in other malaria endemic areas.
India reported 3 million fewer cases in 2017 compared with 2016, a 24% decrease, being a unique case reporting progress in reducing its malaria cases in the period.
Abram Flaxer (1904-1989) was an American union leader who founded the State, County, and Municipal Workers of America (SCMWA), which merged with the United Federal Workers of America (UFWA) to form the United Federal Workers of America (UFWA), of which he became president.
Around 1910, his family immigrated to the United States, where they settled in the Williamsburg, Brooklyn area of New York City.
He studied at the Rand School of Social Science and then the City College of New York, where he received a BS (or AB).
In 1932, he obtained a degree from New York University Law School; that summer, he also studied mathematics at Columbia University.
He joined the New York City Emergency Relief Bureau (ERB) and the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and became ERB executive secretary.
Flaxer gained political relationships with New York City's Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and Harlem-based Congressman Vito Marcantonio (and joined Marcantonio's American Labor Party).
Flaxer helped form the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) union, an American Federation of Labor (AFL) member.
In 1937, Flaxer broke with the AFSCME to form the New York-based State, County and Municipal Workers of America (SCMWA) union as member of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
As of 1944, his Popular Front memberships included the Committee on Election Rights, Prestes Defense Committee, Schappes Defense Committee, Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee, National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, American Committee to Save Refugees, United Spanish Aid Committee, Non-Partisan Committee for the Re-election of Congressman Vito Marcantonio, National Negro Congress, Public Use of Arts Committee, and National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
In January 26–28 and February 2, 1948, a hearing of the House Education and Labor Subcommittee, chaired by U.S. Representative Clare E. Hoffman, occurred on the topic of a strike by United Cafeteria and Restaurant Workers (Local 471) and its parent, the United Public Workers of America (UPWA), CIO, against Government Services, Inc. (GSI), which had already lasted nearly a month.
On January 26, 1948, UPWA negotiations director Alfred Bernstein (father of Carl Bernstein), charged that House committee agents had raided the union's offices.
During January, William S. Tyson, solicitor for the Labor Department, and Robert N. Denham, general counsel for the National Labor Relations Board, both agreed that nothing in the Taft-Hartley Act prohibited GSI from bargaining with a non-complying union.
On November 24, 1948, Flaxer sent a letter to Truman decrying the tendency to brand a person disloyal simply because they advocated for improvements in civil rights.
On August 8, 1951, Flaxer's ex-wife Vivian White Soboleski testified that Flaxer had been a Communist Party member and that he had joined in 1935.
On August 23, 1951, Louis F. Budenz testified that he had known Flaxer (as well as Alfred Bernstein, father of journalist Carl Bernstein) as a Communist Party member from 1940 to 1945 (when Budenz left the Party).
On October 5, 1951, Flaxer appeared before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security (SSIS) but refused to name names on the UPWA membership list.
On October 6, 1953, he was found guilty by jury of contempt of Congress and sentence to two months in jail plus a $1,000 fine.
Some time after 1940, Flaxer married Charlotte Rosswaag, who served in the SCMWA as a welfare investigator as well as chair of its Lower Manhattan subgroup.
The group was founded in 2012 and consists of Eric Knight (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Ramon Blanco (lead guitar), Gui Bodi (bass), and Chris Toeller (drums).
The band performed at Dew Tour 2017 in June, and opened the 2017 Gladiator MMA Championship Series on July 8 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.
The band has cited acts like Muse, Foo Fighters, Queen, The Who, Stone Temple Pilots, U2 and Led Zeppelin as influences.
It is recognized as a human right by the Court of Justice of the European Union and all Council of Europe member states.
For instance, in the Book of Exodus, Yahweh releases 10 plagues on all of Egypt and punishes all Egyptians over the Pharaoh's crime of disobeying Yahweh's command to allow the Israelites to depart from slavery.
Those who are unable to see the injustice of their act or to act according to it can not be prosecuted.
Mpangazitha was Chief then later king of Amahlubi upon his brother's death (King Mthimkhulu II) in 1818 and reigned till 1825.
He rose to power when he merged his house (King Bhungane II's Right Hand House) with that of his brother Mthimkhulu II's house (King Bhungane II's Great House) with the intentions to unite and strengthen the Hlubi Kingdom during the times of wars.
He later led his people back to their ancestral land in now modern-day called KwaZulu-Natal ,of which he encountered Matiwane's army and died in that battle.
He had begot sons which were vital to the tribes's survival, Inkosi Sidane (Great House) and Inkosi Mehlomakhulu (Right Hand House) which established Hlubi communities in unoccupied land north and east of now modern called Eastern Cape province.
Jenni L. Evans is a Professor of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science at Pennsylvania State University, Director of the Institute for CyberScience and President of the American Meteorological Society.
She was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society in 2010 and the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2019.
During her PhD, Evans visited the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California and the supercomputing group at NASA Ames in 1987 and 1988.
She has developed statistical methodologies for forecasts of tropical cyclones and a metric to for cyclogenesis activity in climate change situations.
Evans has looked at the relationships between tropical cyclone intensity and organised convection with sea surface temperature, and how these will change with global warming.
She has considered how the tropical cyclone boundary layer structures impact the intensity and impacts of convection on the development of African easterly jets.
Evans is a member of an interdisciplinary team charged with reviewing catastrophic risk models used for setting hurricane insurance rates in Florida.
Alongside her observations, modeling and statistical analysis of meteorological phenomena, Evans develops new approaches to communicate the risk of natural disasters.
Evans contributed her expertise in natural disasters and Ballora his background in music, and together they convert data that is typically in charts or graphs into music.
Whilst serving on the United States Army Science Team Evans was involved with the relocation of their tropical test facility to Panama.
The Armed Forces, fearing that this scandal might lead to another uprising or a takeover from the APRA party, seized absolute power and closed down Congress, almost all of whose members were briefly incarcerated.
General Velasco seized power on October 3, 1968, in a bloodless military coup, deposing the democratically elected administration of Fernando Belaúnde, under which he served as Commander of the Armed Forces.
Initial reaction against the coup evaporated after five days when on October 8, 1968, the oil fields in dispute were taken over by the Army.
At 1:00 AM on Thursday of October 3, 1968, an armored squadron of tanks went from the Tank Division towards the Presidential Palace in the capital city of Lima, along with support from the armed forces.
Although rumors of a coup and of a possible overthrow circulated around the Council of Ministers and Presidential Cabinet, no special measures were taken in the event of defending the palace from mutiny.
Additionally, due to the early timing, the chief military aide to President Belaúnde was still sleeping at his home away from the Presidential Palace, and the Presidential Guards immediately surrendered at the site of the armored squadron at the steps of the pavilion.
At 2 AM, President Belaúnde was woken up and dragged out of his bed in his pajamas by Velasco-Alvarado and his militants.
Close advisers to Belaúnde also reportedly saw him as drugged the night before the coup, presumably by traitors in the presidential residence itself.
After hearing a barrage of bullets outside the palace in the morning, Belaúnde found himself alone in the Presidential Palace along with a couple of other family members and ministers.
Following the coup d'état, at 7 AM, Belaúnde was taken to a barracks and was forcibly taken to Jorge Chavez International Airport in Callao, Peru.
Velasco, having assumed authority, immediately ordered Belaúnde to be deported, and ordered an ASPA (a privately owned international Peruvian airline) jet on the runway of the airport.
The President of the Council of Ministers, as well as many other Ministers, were rushed at their homes and the presidential palace.
Prior to being attacked and hearing of Belaúnde's arrest, the President of the Council of Ministers attempted to establish order by calling an emergency Cabinet meeting to swear in the Vice President, Mario Polar.
In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland it became one of uyezds of Polotsk Governorate (, 1776—1796), later Belarusian Governorate (1796—1802) and Vitebsk Governorate (1802—1917) of the Russian Empire.
On 31 December 1917 Lyutsinsky Uyezd, populated mostly by Latvians were transferred to Governorate of Livonia, becoming a part of the Latvian Soviet autonomy of Iskolat and a part of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic on 17 December 1918.
Of these, 64.2% spoke Latvian, 20.5% Belarusian, 7.1% Russian, 4.9% Yiddish, 2.2% Polish, 0.4% Estonian, 0.2% German, 0.2% Lithuanian and 0.1% Finnish as their native language.
Givaldo Santos Vasconcelos (born 2 February 1956), commonly known as Jacozinho, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a winger.
In the following year, he moved to neighbouring Sergipe, playing his first national championship and later representing clubs in the state of Bahia.
In that match, he scored the only goal of Zico's team, after receiving a pass from Diego Maradona; the match ended 3–1 for Flamengo.
After gaining national notoriety due to the friendly goal, Jacozinho joined Santa Cruz, He came back to CSA in 1987, and subsequently represented Nacional-AM, Baraúnas, ABC, Rio Branco-AC, Imperatriz, Flamengo-PI and Ypiranga-PE, retiring in 1994.
In 2015, Jacozinho became an assistant manager of the main squad, being also manager of the under-20s and interim manager on two occasions in 2017 and 2018.
On 30 November 2019, after Argel Fucks left for Ceará, he was named interim manager for the latter three matches of the Série A.
Karin Oriyama is a first-year high school student who has spent her entire life living in luxury and being spoiled by her father.
She sets her sights on Nao Tsurugi, a popular third-year student at her school, and believes him to be the perfect candidate for her boyfriend.
On her 16th birthday, Karin's father suddenly announces that she will be wed to Nao, who she had been secretly betrothed to since birth.
To Karin's surprise, however, Nao confesses that he agreed to the marriage for financial independence, and he wants nothing to do with her.
He proposes several rules for their co-habitance: they must not mention they are married at school; they must cook and clean after themselves; they must not enter each other's rooms; and they are allowed to date other people.
Karin is crushed by the reality of her marriage, but she must overcome her ego and become more self-sufficient to earn Nao's respect.
A central defender, McKinnon was raised in Govan but as a child during World War II spent some time on the Isle of Lewis where his mother was born.
Having joined Partick Thistle in 1959 from Junior club Rutherglen Glencairn, he made his debut against St Johnstone on 4 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Firhill.
McKinnon's twin brother Ronnie was also a professional footballer and a centre-half, being an important member of the Rangers team of the same era and being selected for Scotland 28 times.
Deraisme family (1891-1985): In 1891, Eugène Louis Deraisme took over the enterprise; it then successively came under the management of his first wife, Hélène Bordat, his son André Eugène and finally his grandson François who succeeded his father in 1942.
Luvanis (since 2011): Luvanis, an investment company specialized in the revival of long-dormant luxury brands and which reintroduced the trunk makers Moynat and Au Départ, acquired the rights into the dormant label in 2011.
British explorer and missionary David Livingstone, the jeweler Jacques Cartier, violonist Jules Boucherit, Diana Vreeland, Pecci Blunt, William Boyce Thompson, American billionaire Moses Taylor, Lady Eve Balfour, John Gardner Coolidge, and the Vanderbilts.
The 2020 Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns baseball team will represent the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season.
He had also served as head coach at Sam Houston State from 2015 to 2019 and Texarkana College from 1998 to 2002 and stints as assistant at Northwestern State, Arkansas, and Texas A&M.
Of these, 84.0% spoke Belarusian, 7.4% Yiddish, 7.1% Russian, 0.6% Finnish, 0.3% Polish, 0.2% Estonian, 0.2% Romani, 0.1% German and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Since the Civil War, partisan alliances in Indiana had been related to history of White settlement, with most of Southern Indiana and German-settled counties voting strongly Democratic, opposed to Yankee-settled Northern Indiana which voted Republican.
Some breakdown of these traditional loyalties took place in the 1920s due to German opposition to Woodrow Wilson’s World War I policies, but these occurred to a lesser extent than in other Midwestern states because of the conservative dominance within Indiana’s Democratic Party.
1928, with most other Democrats standing out as they felt the part had no chance of winning due to the prosperous economy, saw New York Governor Al Smith nominated almost by default.
Many traditionally Democratic Upland Southerners recoiled at the nomination of Smith because he was a devout Catholic, opposed to Prohibition, and associated with the corruption of the Tammany Hall political machine.
Ultimate Republican nominee, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California, lost the GOP primary in the Hoosier State but was untroubled to win the nomination nationally.
The Democratic primary was held very late in the primary season and was won by Smith, who by then had already effective wrapped up the nomination, despite the state originally casting its vote for favorite son Evans Woollen.
In a state whose farmers’ were suffering a financial crisis amidst national prosperity due to the loss of demand following the war, the Indiana Farm Bureau would not endorse either ticket.
However, as early as the beginning of July politicos said that prohibitionist and anti-Catholic forces in Indiana gave Smith no chance of carrying the state, despte Smith saying he would enforce the law if elected.
At the end of August, pollsters were already suggesting that the latent opposition of the anti-Catholic Ku Klux Klan – which had all but ruled Indiana earlier in the 1920s – and the prohibitionist Anti-Saloon League in rural areas of Indiana would of itself make it impossible for Smith to carry the state.
Hoover visited Indiana late in August as part of the Lake County Fair, focusing on the agricultural crisis and, alongside Iowa Senator Smith W. Brookhart, blaming the Democrats and the Federal Reserve System for the extant farm crisis.
Smith did not visit the state during the fall campaign, and polls throughout that season saw the state as safe for Hoover.
Ultimately Hoover carried the state by 20.09 percentage points, which was at the time the best Republican result ever achieved in Indiana, although it was beaten in 1956, 1972, 1984 and 2004.
The Pipenpoy family (Pypenpoy, Pipenpoi) , is an old and influential patrician family of Brussels which exercised public functions in the capital of the Duchy of Brabant until the end of the Ancien Régime.
The name Pipenpoi, Pipenpoy or Pypenpoy, which appeared in Brussels in the 13th century, is that of an important family of the urban aristocracy of bourgeois origin.
Guillaume Pipenpoi, deceased before 1253, quoted as bourgeois of Brussels (poorter) and alderman of Brussels in 1227-1230, is the first known representative.
William Boddie Boddie (born June 12, 1977) is an American politician who has served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 62nd district since 2017.
Her beam was wide, and in her original enrollment, her depth was listed as ; also, in her original enrollment, her gross tonnage was listed at 4744 tons and her net tonnage was listed at 4439 tons.
She was enrolled for the first time on April 12, 1905 in Port Huron, Michigan, and was given the official number #136977.
When both sides made their argument, Judge Henry Harrison Swan ruled in Detroit, Michigan that both vessels were equally at fault, and that insurance proceeds were the only means of recouping each vessel's loss.
Her bow is raised above the sediment by several feet allowing access to her intact pilot house and forward deck house area and first cargo hatch.
Of these, 73.1% spoke Belarusian, 12.1% Yiddish, 11.1% Russian, 2.0% Polish, 1.2% Latvian, 0.2% German, 0.2% Lithuanian and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
Raab fought in the Second Schleswig War as a volunteer and later in his career became the first Chief of the General Staff.
With his international outlook, his concrete experience of the everyday life of the war and his great work capacity, Raab was one of the Swedish Army's foremost officers during the 19th century.
He contributed actively to lifting the army out of its difficult recession in the 1860s and initiated the modernization of higher staff functions, officer training and organization which in 1885 would result in a decisive decision on an extension of the conscription defence and rounded off with the replacement of the Allotment system with a conscription-based defence in 1901.
Raab was employed as an adjutant to Carl von Mansbach, the Swedish-Norwegian minister in Berlin, and he attended the Prussian Staff College from 1855 to 1858.
When the Second Schleswig War broke out in 1864, Raab sought and obtained a position as a senior lieutenant in the Danish Army.
Initially employed at the headquarters, he participated in the battle of Dybbøl on 17 March, but was soon seconded from there and assumed command of the 1st Company of Swedish and Norwegian volunteers of captain Aaröe's corps.
Best known among the expeditions carried out by this company under Raab's leadership is the nightly operation to Loit church village in Schleswig, at which time several prisoners were taken.
For his participation in the war, however, Raab did not only receive praise, for many considered it less appropriate, since he had to thank Prussia for a not insignificant part of his military education.
In 1865, Raab was promoted to captain of the Swedish Army and was appointed the same year as information officer in tactics, regulations and war articles at the Military Academy Karlberg.
During this time, he was promoted to captain in Kalmar Regiment in 1869, in 1870 to major in the army and in 1872 to lieutenant colonel in the army.
In 1873 he drew up the proposal for criteria for a new, based on general conscription, fully contemporary army organization, which, after being examined by a committee, in whose work Raab was ordered to participate, was the basis for King in Council's presentation on the subject to the Riksdag of 1875.
Raab became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1863 and was editor of its journal from 1870 to 1871.
With indomitable energy, he fought his way into the end for the attainment of the objective, which he made to his life's work: the raising of his country's defense capability.
On the other hand, he succeeded in making important improvements in other areas of the Swedish defense system, such as the General Staff's organization and the reforming of the Royal Swedish Army Staff College.
Raab married on 7 September 1869 in Stockholm to Lovisa (Louise) Johanna Charlotta Grill (19 May 1841 in Stockholm – 23 January 1908 in Stockholm), the daughter of Johan Daniel Grill, a physician, and Sofia Elisabeth Grill.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Holy See represented its interests in the region through its Delegation to East Africa until, with the decolonization of Africa in the mid-20th century, it established relationships with the new independent countries of that continent.
Henry Corrales (born August 11, 1986), is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Featherweight division of Bellator MMA.
A professional since 2011, he has also competed for King of the Cage, where he is the former Featherweight and Bantamweight Champion.
Corrales made his professional debut in the spring of 2011, winning his first six fights before being given a title shot for the King of the Cage Featherweight Championship.
He then picked up three consecutive wins before being matched up with former Olympic wrestler and touted MMA prospect Aaron Pico at Bellator 214.
In a thrilling but quick bout, Corrales was knocked down early by Pico but was able to come back and knock Pico out with a right hook from the clinch.
After the big win over Pico which brought his win streak to five, Corrales faced former Bellator Bantamweight Champion Darrion Caldwell at Bellator 228.
In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland it became one of uyezds of Polotsk Governorate (, 1776—1796), later Belarusian Governorate (1796—1802) and Vitebsk Governorate (1802—1917) of the Russian Empire.
Of these, 57.9% spoke Latvian, 23.9% Russian, 7.4% Yiddish, 5.4% Belarusian, 4.8% Polish, 0.4% German, 0.1% Lithuanian and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
Of these, 47.1% spoke Russian, 47.1% Belarusian, 3.8% Yiddish, 1.5% Polish, 0.1% German, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Lithuanian as their native language.
An iron framed, steel-plated double-ended screw ferry, it was the archtype of the familiar Manly ferry shape of the 20th century.
The wooden superstructure was demolished and in World War II, US forces used her in New Guinea as a storage barge.
After the War, the vessel was towed back to Newcastle, moored at Hexham and finally sank in the mud near Hexham Bridge where she is still visible.
He is the head football coach at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, a position he has held since the 2014 season.
Murray served as the head football coach at State University of New York College at Cortland from 1990 to 1996, Lebanon Valley College in 1997, and Alfred University from 1998 to 2013.
The Ghibli Clock (officially called NI-Tele Really BIG Clock) is a large clock and sculpture designed by Hayao Miyazaki, installed outside the Nittele Tower in Tokyo, Japan.
He served as the head football coach at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri from 1981 to 1986, St. Thomas University in St. Paul, Minnesota from 1987 to 1992, Lambuth University in Jackson, Tennessee from 1993 to 2007, and Rockford University in Rockford, Illinois from 2011 to 2014, compiling a career college football coaching record of 180–145–1.
Wallace was also the head wrestling coach at Carroll College—now known as Carroll University—in Waukesha, Wisconsin from 1974 to 1977 and Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa from 1977 to 1978.
Jacek Marek Junosza-Kisielewski (born 21 January 1952, in Poznań) is a Polish biologist and diplomat; ambassador to Brazil (2007–2013) and Portugal (since 2016).
He was working as a biologist at the University of Agriculture and Pedagogy in Siedle and at the Research Centre for Agricultural and Forest Environment of Polish Academy of Sciences in Poznań.
Following his directoral post at the Consular Department, he was nominated Poland ambassador to Brazil, presenting his letter of credence on 13 February 2008.
In August 2016, he was nominated Poland ambassador to Portugal, accredited to the president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa on 19 October 2016.
Bhangonkhali (also spelled Bhangankhali) is a village within the jurisdiction of the Basanti police station in the Basanti CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The area (shown in the map alongside) borders on the Sundarbans National Park and a major portion of it is a part of the Sundarbans settlements.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bhangonkhali had a total population of 15,127, of which 7,684 (51%) were males and 7,443 (49%) were females.
Martin R. Carlson (May 2, 1877 – April 7, 1971) was an American politician and businessman who served as the mayor of Moline, Illinois, from 1911 to 1918 and a member of the Illinois Senate for the 33rd district from 1919 to 1935.
Born to Moline native Olive M. ( Wickstrom) and Swede G. F. Oscar Carlson, he established a stationery business with his brother in Moline in 1898, and married Dr. Hada Burkhard during his second term as mayor.
He had previously served on the Rock Island County Board of Supervisors, and was President of the John Ericson Republican League of Illinois.
On February 22, 2016, Iranian authorities arrested Baquer Namazi, the father of Siamak, when he arrived in the country to visit his son.
He served as the head football coach at Brevard College in Brevard, North Carolina (1933–1934), Western Carolina University (1935–1938), and High Point University (1945–1949).
It was asserted to be, in 1999, the Masonic lodge longest in use for Masonic purposes west of the Allegheny Mountains.
In 2016, there were plans to convert much of the lodge building into condominiums, although reserving part to serve as a Masonic museum and offices.
The Dresden White Diamond (also known as Dresden White or the Saxon White) is a cushion-cut diamond that probably originated from the Golconda mines in Southern India.
When the diamond was first shown to Frederick Augustus I, the King of Saxony, he was so captivated by the cut, clarity, and color of the gem that he chose to acquire it at any cost.
In 1746, goldsmith Jean Jacques Pallard designed the elaborate Golden Fleece ornament for Frederick Augustus and the Dresden White was placed at the top of the design.
The contents were then placed on display in Dresden's Albertinium, which was built on the same site as the original Dresden museum.
On November 25, 2019, a group of thieves stole much of the jewelry in the Green Vault during the 2019 Dresden heist, including the White Diamond.
As of April 2020, it will be the home venue for the Kannapolis Cannon Ballers, the Class A South Atlantic League affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, replacing Intimidators Stadium.
The stadium is located adjacent to the North Carolina Research Campus and is the centerpiece of a $100 million redevelopment of downtown Kannapolis.
Diane Hoskins is an American businessperson and architect who currently serves as a Co-CEO of Gensler, the world's largest revenue-generating architecture firm, alongside Co-CEO Andy Cohen.
From 1993 to 1995 she represented the Colombia Fed Cup team, which included World Group appearances in the first two years.
Her career continued in the United States in the late 1990s, where she played college tennis for Auburn University at Montgomery.
She earned NAIA All-American selection in each of her three seasons, between 1996 and 1998, before moving to Clemson University as a senior in 1999.
Disaggregated Storage is a type of data storage within data centers that allows compute resources within a server to be separated from storage resources without modifying physical connections.
A form of composable disaggregated infrastructure, it allows resources to be connected via a network fabric providing flexibility when upgrading, replacing, or adding individual resources.
It also allows servers to be built for future growth, offering greater storage efficiency, scale and performance than traditional data storage without compromising throughput and latency.
Storage area networks are used to allocate storage to dozens or possibly hundreds of servers, which increases capacity utilization, but storage area networks use specialized network hardware and/or protocols that can come with disadvantages.
Conventional storage networking doesn’t provide sufficient throughput or latency minimization needed by many applications, and fails to provide enough bandwidth to utilize the full performance of new flash technologies.
Disaggregated storage is a form of scale-out storage, built with some number of storage devices that function as a logical pool of storage that can be allocated to any server on the network over a very high performance network fabric.
Protocols like NVMe-oF on these very high bandwidth connections take full advantage of network improvements, removing bottlenecks, boosting performance and reducing latency.
Different levels of storage disaggregation functionality exist, with the most flexible, full disaggregation, enabling storage capacity and/or performance to be provisioned from any storage device to any server on the network, then expanded, shrunk, or reprovisioned as new requirements emerge.
Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne claimed their third consecutive domestic title, defeating Dorothy Bundy and Dorothy Workman 9–7, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1938 Australian Championships.
Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from its immense glaciers drains into tributaries of the Squamish River and Clowhom River.
The mountain was named for Chief Jimmy Jimmy (native name Swahsh), a leader of the Squamish Nation, who had traplines in the vicinity of the mountain.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Jimmy Jimmy is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The St. James' Episcopal Church in Cedartown, Georgia, at 302 and 308 West Ave., was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.
After his parents' separation, Siddiq and his siblings were raised by their single mother, living for a time in the projects.
Siddiq started selling drugs around the age of 14 and was imprisoned at the age of 19 for trafficking in cocaine.
Released on Comedy Central in 2018, Siddiq can be seen performing in front of a group of inmates interspersed with scenes of him sitting down with smaller groups of incarcerated men and women in their cells, as well as with prison administrators.
In 2018 Siddiq also performed at an annual benefit held by Saba Homes, an orphanage organization created to help orphans of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake in Pakistan.
She became a hairdresser and opened up a chain of hair salons in Tallahassee, ultimately deciding to run for office after testifying against a proposed regulation that she thought would hurt hair stylists.
In 1998, Kilmer announced that she would run against incumbent Democratic State Representative Jamey Westbrook in the 7th District, which stretched from Miramar Beach to Marianna and Tallahassee.
Shortly after Westbrook filed for re-election, he was indicted for defrauding a federal peanut quota program after he falsified farming quotas and federal disaster claims for farmers.
Shortly afterwards, Westbrook's wife, Gayle Westbrook, also filed to run in the Democratic primary, and they announced that they would decide which of them would actually run for the seat.
A contentious general election ensued in the ancestrally Democratic district, with Westbrook emphasizing his humble roots, and his innocence of the charges brought against him, by airing television advertisements showing him riding his tractor through his peanut fields—which inadvertendly reminded voters of his looming indictment.
In the end, Kilmer narrowly defeated Westbrook, 51–49%, winning by just 800 votes, which came from her sizable margins in Bay County, which she won 66–34%, and in Walton County, where she won 76–24%.
Kilmer joined a Republican-dominated legislature and Republican Governor Jeb Bush, which was the first time that the state had been governed exclusively by Republicans since Reconstruction.
When Kilmer ran for re-election in 2000, she was challenged by Westbrook, who was acquitted of the charges against him just weeks after he lost re-election in 1998.
The state party targeted Kilmer for defeat, hoping that Westbrook's acquittal and the district's history of voting for Democrats would allow them to pick it up.
However, Kilmer ended up expanding her margin of victory over Westbrook, defeating him 53–47% as the Florida Panhandle overwhelmingly backed George W. Bush over Al Gore in the presidential election.
Kilmer sought a third and final term in the House in 2002, when she was opposed by businessman Cliff Thomas, the Democratic nominee.
Despite Kilmer's close previous races, Thomas received little outside support and ultimately lost in a landslide, receiving only 41% of the vote to Kilmer's 59%.
Senator Bob Graham opted to run for President rather than seek re-election, Congressman Allen Boyd, who represented the 2nd District, considered running to replace Graham.
If Boyd vacated the seat, Republicans were bullish on their chances of replacing him, and began recruiting Kilmer to run for the seat.
She joined the race with significant support from the Republican establishment, with First Lady Laura Bush, House Speaker Dennis Hastert and NRCC Chair Tom Reynolds coming to the district to host fundraisers on Kilmer's behalf.
Kilmer was able to keep relative financial parity with Boyd, raising $1 million to Boyd's $1.6 million, and had influential figures in the Republican Party come to the district to campaign for her.
Boyd ran a television advertisement accusing Kilmer of voting to provide her husband's company, All-Tech Southeast, with a $600,000 grant from the state Department of Community Affairs, which prompted All-Tech to file a lawsuit against Boyd for defamation of character.
Meanwhile, Kilmer attracted criticism for copying her answers to an AARP questionnaire from materials distributed by the NRCC, which prompted an internal investigation on Kilmer's campaign as to how the copying had occurred.
By the end of the campaign, however, observers predicted that Boyd had a clear advantage, which was ultimately borne out on Election Day, when Boyd defeated Kilmer in a landslide, winning 62% of the vote to her 38%.
After losing her 2004 congressional campaign and leaving the State House, Kilmer took a job as a grants administrator for the Florida Department of Education.
When Kilmer's successor in the State House, David Coley, passed away from liver cancer in 2005, Kilmer considered running to succeed him in the special election that followed, but ultimately deferred to Coley's widow, Marti Coley, who ended up winning the seat.
In 2016, Kilmer announced that she would challenge State Representative Brad Drake, who eventually succeeded Coley in Kilmer's old seat, in the Republican primary.
As the primary drew closer, Kilmer came under fire in local news coverage for whether she met the constitutional residency requirements.
Kilmer had, ostensibly, moved to Texas, where she had registered to vote and cast ballots in several elections, which would have made her ineligible to run for the legislature until the following year.
In the end, however, Kilmer lost her comeback bid by an overwhelming margin, receiving only 26% of the vote to Drake's 76%, and winning none of the counties in her former district.
According to the British Parliament's Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation 2013 report, Khan travelled to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas in Pakistan before his eventual December 2010 arrest.
Khan was interviewed by the BBC in 2008, when he denied being a terrorist; he issued the same denials to a local paper using a false name.
He was 17 at the time, but following a 20-month investigation, it was determined there was insufficient evidence, was not charged.
Khan, like all the others, envisioned returning to the UK from their Kashmiri training camp, together with future recruits, to engage in unspecified terror attacks.
Khan proposed to raise funds in the UK as opposed to overseas, arguing supporters in the UK earn in a day what donors in Kashmir earn in a month.
Following his arrest, Khan admitted travelling to the plotter's 2010 tactical meetings in Cardiff in November and in Newport in December.
Under the indeterminate sentence, Khan would have remained in prison for as long as it was felt necessary to keep the public safe.
Along with Nazam Hussain and Mohammed Shahjahan, also from Stoke, Khan appealed against the sentences and had the indeterminate sentences dropped by the Court of Appeal in 2013.
Khan's solicitor Vajahat Sharif claimed that Khan had become disillusioned with Al-Muhajiroun and that during his prison sentence he had repeatedly requested the help of a deradicaliser, to no avail.
In 2012, after being convicted of offences related to a plot to bomb the London Stock Exchange, Khan was sentenced to be kept in prison for an indeterminate time.
Following an appeal in 2013, his indeterminate sentence was quashed, and in its place he was given a 16-year prison sentence, which meant he would be entitled to automatic release on licence after having served eight years.
Ownership of the building was acquired in 1989 by the Chattooga County Historical Society, along with a long-term lease on the land with Norfolk Southern Corporation.
It planned to restore the depot for use by the historical society and other civic organizations and to include museum exhibits.
When listed in 1992, there were plans for an original block and tackle and telegraph key to be restored to the property.
Alexander Kennedy (11 November 1837 – 12 April 1936) was a Scottish colonist who was at the forefront of the British occupation of the Cloncurry region in Queensland, Australia.
He established large cattle stations around Cloncurry and participated in several massacres of Aborginal Australians who were resident to this area.
At the age of 23, he signed up to a migration scheme that facilitated the emigration of Scottish locals to the British colony of Queensland.
He was tasked with overseeing blackbirded South Sea Islander labourers whom he thrashed with a stockwhip when they refused to work.
In 1876 he decided to sell out of the area with the view of establishing cattle stations in the far north-west of Queensland, which was yet to be colonised by the British.
In 1878, Kennedy with his family and business partners, drove a large mob of cattle 1,127 kilometres from Rockhampton to his newly selected property on Suleiman Creek located between Boulia and Cloncurry.
Aboriginal Australians living in the region immediately began defending their lands by killing four cattlemen at Woonamo waterhole on Suleiman Creek.
As was the custom at the time, Kennedy also took young Aboriginal boys from the native camps to utilise them as servants.
In this period Kennedy established a number of cattle stations in the Cloncurry area including Buckingham Downs, Noranside and Bushy Park.
Again he used force against local Aboriginals to acquire the land and led at least two missions to destroy local native camps.
Despite his own efforts, Kennedy was not able to fully negate Aboriginal resistance at Calton Hills and travelled to Brisbane to meet with the Queensland Police Commissioner, David Thompson Seymour, where he demanded more action toward the removal of Aboriginal people from his property.
Seymour promised Kennedy that more patrols would be undertaken by the Native Police in the region and also indicated that Kennedy could continue with his own punitive expeditions in the meantime.
Conflict continued with the local Kalkadoon and Maithakari people at Calton Hills, and in 1884 Kennedy's business partner, James White Powell, was killed.
Kennedy, together with sub-inspector Frederic Urquhart of the Native Police and his troopers, conducted a large, month long punitive mission resulting in a number of massacres of Aboriginal people.
Kennedy and Urquhart became close associates with Kennedy participating in later Native Police patrols which eventually subdued Aboriginal resistance in the area.
By 1892, Kennedy had established another cattle property near Cloncurry which he named Devoncourt and ran a total of nearly 30,000 head of cattle on his combined land holdings.
He became a member of Cloncurry's first council while his son discovered a large copper deposit south of the town in 1897 which was sold to a mining company for £15,000.
In later life, Kennedy became keenly interested in aviation and in 1920 he was convinced by Hudson Fysh and other founders of Qantas to become a provisional director and initial investor in the fledgling airline company.
On 3 November 1922, at the age of 84, Kennedy became the first paying customer on a scheduled Qantas passenger service, flying from Longreach to Cloncurry.
Kennedy's and his wife's ashes were transported by a Qantas aircraft from Brisbane to his Devoncourt property near Cloncurry where they were interred a monument.
The 1946 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1946 college football season.
With the exception of a four-game limited schedule played in 1944, this was the first football season for the Wildcats since 1942, and their first eight-game season since 1941.
Wildcat Carmen Ragonese, selected by the Boston Yanks in the 1948 NFL Draft, was a 1982 inductee to the university's athletic hall of fame.
One of his 1946 highlights was an endzone-to-endzone interception return against Rhode Island State; reported as 101 yards in contemporary newspapers, it still stands as a Wildcat record, listed by the university as 104 yards.
Claudia Rodríguez Abella (born 2 May 1995) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for Spanish Primera Nacional club and the Venezuela women's national team.
As a result of an unauthorized transfer of control of the radio station, the Federal Communications Commission ordered its license revoked in 1939 and the station off air as of February 1, 1940.
KUMA traces its roots to the first radio station to broadcast from Flagstaff, Arizona, KFXY, which went on air December 10, 1925.
KFXY operated with 25 watts from facilities backstage at the Orpheum Theater; it was put on the air by Mary M. Costigan, who was the first woman to be a licensed radio broadcaster in the state.
At the time she obtained the license, national newspapers in the United States claimed that Costigan was thus the only woman known to own a radio station anywhere in the world.
After being moved from its initial frequency assignment of 1460 kHz to 1420 kHz under General Order 40 in 1928, the station relocated its facilities to room 105 of the Hotel Monte Vista in 1929.
The sale came the same year that Costigan left town, afraid she would witness another family death after her father and brother both died in Flagstaff.
On February 3, 1932, KFXY filed for a construction permit to move its facilities from Flagstaff to Yuma, a relocation spanning .
Schermann sold an interest in KUMA to E. B. Sturdivant, the operator of movie theaters in Yuma and Somerton, in February 1934, and in June 1935, Sturdivant took outright control of the radio station.
Under Sturdivant, the station commissioned a new, taller tower in 1937, built at a cost of $20,000 by D. H. Harrel of Chicago.
On February 20, 1939, the Federal Communications Commission announced that it was revoking KUMA's license due to false statements made by Schermann in his application to renew it.
The FCC claimed that Schermann—who was still the licensee—had certified that he was in control, though Sturdivant had been operating the station for five years.
KUMA was ordered off the air by April 1 unless it asked for a hearing, in which case the outcome was stayed.
Ahead of the July 24 hearing, Sturdivant filed to take control of the KUMA facilities itself, while the Yuma Broadcasting Company, 45 percent owned by KTAR radio of Phoenix, filed to build a station at 1210 kHz.
At the hearing, Schermann's lawyer indicated that he was willing to relinquish the license because the station had been an unprofitable venture and the new Yuma station application, taking the KYUM call letters, had been accepted, but he requested that KUMA be allowed to remain in operation until KYUM was ready to sign on.
The financial difficulties had led to Schermann suing E. B. and E. N. Sturdivant in Yuma County court that July to recover $8,000 in equipment and other property, a lawsuit Schermann won.
In a newspaper advertisement that served as a notice to creditors, E. B. Sturdivant announced that he had sold his remaining interest in KUMA to Schermann effective November 11, 1939.
On January 25, 1940, the FCC announced it had upheld the revocation order and ordered KUMA off the air February 1.
Morsal Obeidi (7 September 1991 – 15 May 2008) was a German-Afghan girl who was murdered in an honour killing in Hamburg.
Her brother Ahmad Sobair Obeidi killed her, making it an act of sororicide, and he was jailed for life for the act.
He left the country as pro-Soviets lost control of Afghanistan at the end of the Soviet–Afghan War, and in 1992 arrived in Hamburg, which already had a sizeable expatriate Afghan population.
When the headmaster of the latter told her that her academic performance was such that she could not graduate on time, her parents took her out of school.
Her brother's first law enforcement record was at age 13, and he left school and did not gain a sufficient command of German.
He had committed multiple burglaries and assaults on others, and for these crimes, in 2009, German courts had convicted him on thirty counts total.
Her father, who became a bus driver, had difficulty obtaining high quality employment and assimilating into German society, and he criticized Morsal for assimilating too much and Ahmad for committing crimes.
Ahmad wanted her to lead an Islamic lifestyle, something she did not do; he believed his sister should not have a partying lifestyle that he himself had.
Law enforcement records stated that the father and brother began to abuse her, and she sought help from Hamburg's Children's and Youth Emergency Service (Kinder- und Jugendnotdienst or KJND).
In March 2007 her family sent her to Mazar-i-Sharif to Islamize her, and she stayed there for nine months before returning on the condition of obedience.
The family later moved to Flensburg in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, and she tried living with them there, but left again.
Ahmad was convicted of a crime and sentenced to a prison term of one year and five months in October 2007; he had no parole eligibility.
The court ordered him to report to prison on 2 May 2008 but he did not begin his sentence at that time.
On 9 May, his lawyer made a request to start the sentence at a later time, but on 15 May the court upheld the start of his sentencing.
She was murdered by stabbing at age 16 by Ahmad Obeidi on 15 May 2008, at a parking lot of a McDonald's, by the Berliner Tor station in St. Georg, Hamburg-Mitte.
Ahmad asked Mohammed, his and Morsal's cousin, to secretly arrange a meeting between the brother and sister there, but the brother did not tell Mohammed that he planned to kill his sister.
The girl sustained a total of 23 stab wounds; her arms, back, legs, and stomach were hit, and her heart and lungs sustained damage.
She was buried in an area for Muslims in a cemetery in Öjendorf, an area in the Billstedt neighbourhood in Hamburg-Mitte.
In an interview on Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) Ahmad's mother publicly expressed dislike for her son and his father labeled him as a criminal.
Ahmad admitted to the crime; his argument to the court was that it was a crime of passion and not premeditated and therefore it would be manslaughter.
Mature female cones are sometimes mistaken for flowers at a distance, as they appear in groups of several cones at stem joints.
Native populations can be found growing in the county of Socorro, New Mexico, and several counties in Texas including; Andrews, Dawson, Ector, Gaines, Howard, Loving, Lubbock, Midland, Terry, Ward, and Winkler.
The IUCN Red List classifies this species as one of Least-concern because there are currently no threats facing the known populations.
IUCN has noted that no known seed collections have been made in recent years, making it unlikely that such methods will be utilized in the near future.
Tom Bane (December 28, 1913 – April 11, 1999) was an American politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1958 to 1964 and from 1974 to 1992.
Just Married (Italian: Oggi sposi) is a 1934 Italian comedy film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Umberto Melnati, Leda Gloria and Ugo Ceseri.
A newly-married couple from a small town near Como take advantage of a government policy offering new couples a honeymoon in the capital Rome.
In one of the most celebrated scenes they win a thoroughbred racehorse which they then have to navigate through the city's traffic.
The Australian Government Workers Association was an Australian trade union representing workers employed by state and federal governments, despite its name based only in South Australia.
It was founded on 26 May 1906 by Ernest Roberts as the South Australian Railways General Workers' Association, but in August that year broadened its reach and renamed itself the South Australian Government General Workers' Association.
A number of South Australian Labor figures served in union leadership, including Edward Alfred Anstey, John McInnes, Ralph Jacobi, Frank Nieass, John Price and George Weatherill, while Dorothy Coombe was a notable early woman union official.
The forerunners of the United Firefighters Union of South Australia broke away from the union in the early 1970s after being dissatisfied with their representation.
The charges led to a bitter internal dispute which included a legal battle and a physical brawl at a union meeting and threatened to spill over into internal state Labor politics.
Glenn E. Warren (born July 26, 1943) is an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1977 to 1994.
Nehemiah 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 16th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
This chapter records the continuing opposition to Nehemiah from external (Sanballat, Tobiah, and their allies) and internal (the prophetess Noadiah and the rest of the prophets) sources.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
As a leader, Nehemiah holds his motives and conduct blameless, but at the same time, he must understand and deal wisely with the opposition 'who seek to compromise God’s work'.
Sanballat hoped that Nehemiah would follow the logical action against the rumors of threats, the way he and his allies would do, that is, 'given to ambition, opportunistic maneuvering, and dedicated to self-preservation', but Nehemiah 'refused to become distracted by the ploy of politics' and keep his devotion to God.
The establishment of fortifications doesn’t give full security, as opposition and dangers can always threaten the community of faith, but only the godly character of the people is the greatest defense against the threats.
She graduated from the Fukushima Prefecture Normal School's first department in 1922, and from the Nara Women's Higher Normal School Housework Department in 1926.
After then, she worked as a teacher at Iwate Prefectural Morioka Second High School and Kaohsiung Municipal Kaohsiung Girls' Senior High School.
After the end of World War II, in 1947 she was commissioned by the Wakamatsu City Board of Education and Research and the Fukushima Prefectural Board of Education's Wakamatsu District Council.
She was an attempted candidate from the Fukushima 2nd district for the Social Democratic Party in the 1953 Japanese general election.
She later won in the 1955 Japanese general election and served one term in the House of Representatives, serving as the head of the Education Policy Committee and as her party's Social Security Policy Chair.
Hirata was a counselor and mediator at the Fukushima Family Court, a director of the Aizu Children's Garden, a director of the Women's Issues Study Group, and a civil mediator at the Shibuya Summary Court.
Baldwin Wallace University—in Berea, Ohio from 1951 to 1953, Findlay College—now known as the University of Findlay—in Findlay, Ohio from 1961 to 1962, and Northwood Institute—now known as Northwood University—in Midland, Michigan from 1963 to 1967, compiling a career college football coaching record of 43–40.
Jonah Hlezna (date of birth is uncertain – died 1494) was an Eastern Orthodox primate of the Metropolitan see of Kiev.
Upon approval of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir IV Jagiellon, in 1492 Jonah was elected at the Council (Sobor) of bishops (episcopes) which was also attended by Casimir.
The same year he also sent to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for the blessing his representative Joseph Bolharynovich who at that time served as an archimandrite of the Slutsk Saint Trinity Monastery.
Jonah cared for development of temples and monasteries, regularly conducted visitations over his metropolitan archdiocese (Pinsk, Minsk, others), sought help of Eastern Orthodox princes and nobility to improve the state of Eastern Orthodox Church in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
On 3 February 2018, Amber-Rose Rush's mother Lisa Ann Rush, her partner Brendon MacNee, and older brother Jayden Rush had found the Dunedin teenager dead in her own bedroom.
In court, Jayden recalled that he had knocked on her door after midnight but did not get a response from her and assumed she was asleep.
They also sought to speak to anyone who have visited the quarry or beach area between 11.30pm on February 2 and 12.30am on February 3.
Police also took an interest in the a dark-coloured vehicle believed to be a Toyota Camry, which was parked in the car park at Blackhead Quarry.
The sole suspect was Venod Skantha, who at the time of Amber-Rose Rush's death had worked as a house officer at the Dunedin Public Hospital, which is managed by the Southern District Health Board.
In mid-2016, Skantha started his medical career at Southland Hospital in Invercargill before transffering to the Dunedin Public Hospital the following year.
Prior to Amber-Rose's death, Skantha had reportedly faced dismissal from the Dunedin Public Hospital for being drunk while performing an operation and negligent behaviour.
According to the Crown, the victim had threatened during a heated exchange on February 2, 2019, to report Skantha to his employers and the authorities for molesting teenagers, offering them money for sex and supplying them with alcohol during a heated Instagram exchange.
The Crown argued that the defendant had hired a teenage friend to drive him to Amber-Rose's house where he murdered her in order to prevent her from reporting him to the authorities.
The trial of Venod Skantha commenced on 4 November 2019 before Justice Gerald Norton and a jury of ten men and two women.
The Crown prosecutor Richard Smith said that Amber-Rose Rush was part of a group of teenagers than Skantha had befriended and supplied alcohol and drugs.
The Crown argued that Skantha had allegedly indecently assault Amber-Rose in early 2018 and claimed that he had murdered her in order to prevent her from informing the authorities, which would have ended his medical career.
The Crown also said that Skantha had gotten a 16-year-old friend (who has name suppression) to drive him to Amber-Rose's house so that he could murder her.
The Crown said that blood likely to belong to Amber-Rose had been found in the defendant's silver BMW, a plastic bag containing the defendant's clothes, and a pair of shoes found at the defendant's girlfriend's house in Balclutha.
Skantha's defence lawyer Jonathan Eaton QC disputed the Crown's evidence, claiming that his client did not know the layout of the Rush home.
During the first week, the forensic pathologist Dr Kate White, who conducted the autopsy on Amber-Rose, testified that the victim had died from an 11 cm-long incised wound to the left side of her neck, which penetrated her carotid artery and windpipe, causing her to bleed to death.
The Crown also presented CCTV photos of a car matching Skantha's silver BMW traveling on the route to Amber-Rose's house on the night of her death and social media communication between the defendant and Amber-Rose prior to the alleged murder.
Amber-Rose's older sister Shantelle also testified that she had warned her younger sister against the idea of moving into Skantha's home, believing that he was planning to sexually groom her.
On 6 November, the Crown said that Skantha had burnt his bloodstained clothes in a large terracotta pot at his girlfriend Brigid Clinton's home in Balclutha.
Skantha's former girlfriend Brigid Clinton testified that Skantha had visited Amber-Rose's grieving mother, initially suggesting her daughter's death was a suicide before naming some potential suspects.
Clinton also testified that Skantha had been agitated and anxious following Amber-Rose's death, wounding himself with a samurai sword shortly before they were questioned by Police on 4 February 2018.
On 11 November, the Crown's star witness, the teenager who had accompanied Skantha during the time of the alleged murder, testified that Skantha's clothes had been bloodstained.
He also told the Court that the defendant had admitted killing Amber-Rose, and had also taken her cellphone and driver's license.
He testified that the pair had driven to Blackhead Quarry to dispose of Amber-Rose's phone before heading to Skantha's Fairfield home where the alleged clean-up began.
The teenager claimed that he had deliberately done a sloppy cleaning job in order to leave a trail of evidence for the police, including a blood stain on Skantha's grey suede shoes.
The witness also testified that they had then driven to Clinton's house in Balclutha where Skantha allegedly burned his bloodstained clothes.
During cross-examination, defence lawyer Eaton QC accused the teenage witness of killing Amber-Rose, citing his estranged relationship with the victim and his knowledge of her house layout.
During the second week of the trial, Crown witness ESR (Institute of Environmental Science and Research) scientist Timothy Power testified that blood found on the defendant's suede shoes and car window were 800,000 million times more likely to have originated from Amber-Rose than anyone else.
Defence lawyer Eaton QC accused the Crown's teenage witness of planting the evidence on the shoe in order to frame the doctor.
On 18 November, Detective Constable Amy Stewart, who had posed as a friend of the Rose family, testified that Skantha did not appear upset when meeting with the Amber-Rose's mother Lisa-Ann following her daughter's death to offer his condolences.
She also testified that Skantha had suggested other possible suspects including her step-father and an ex-boyfriend who had broken Amber-Rose's arm.
That same day, Skantha's former supervisor, Southern District Health Board chief medical officer Dr Nigel Millar, testified that Skantha had lied about his mother's death in order to escape being dismissed from his employment for drinking while working and negligence.
Crown prosecutor Bates argued that Skantha had murdered the defendant to prevent Amber-Rose from exposing his indiscretions to the authorities, which would have caused him his career and lifestyle.
Defence lawyer Eaton QC disputed the Crown's case, claiming that the Crown's teenage star witness was unreliable due to his habit of lying and that the Crown had failed to investigate whether the witness had murdered the defendant.
On 26 November, Skantha was unanimously found guilty by the jury of murder and four counts of threatening to kill the Crown's witness and their family.
The trial lasted three and a half weeks with the Crown calling 69 witnesses and presenting more than 1,000 pages of evidence.
In 10 November 2019, Radio New Zealand broadcaster Colin Peacock compared the media coverage of the Amber-Rose Rush murder trial to the Grace Millane murder trial, arguing that foreign media outlets' breaches of New Zealand name suppression orders in both cases threatened the fair trial rights for defendants.
He served as the head football coach at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota (1997–2001), Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota (2005–2006), and the University of Minnesota, Crookston (2012), compiling a career college football coaching record of 28–53.
Development Growth & Differentiation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists.
Takonkiet Viravan () is a Thai television and stage producer and director, and a business executive at media conglomerate GMM Grammy.
In the 2000s, he began branching into musical theatre, building the 1,500-plus-seat Muangthai Rachadalai Theatre to stage his own as well as international productions.
Jo Eun-sim (; born December 26, 1986), better known by her stage name, Song Ga-in (), is a South Korean trot singer.
Territorial Militia (Italian: Milizia territoriale) is a 1935 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Bonnard and starring Antonio Gandusio, Rosina Anselmi and Leda Gloria.
A mild-mannered man, overpowered at home and the shoe factory where he is employed, is called up to military service during the First World War with the rank of Major.
He enjoys the daring and comradeship of fighting, but at the end of the war returns home to resume his former downtrodden life.
Smith began his professional career with the Dublin Braves of the Georgia–Florida League, where he hit .243 with 3 home runs and 35 RBIs.
Following an injury plagued 1963 season, Smith turned down a contract from the Los Angeles Angels and retired from professional baseball.
He served as the head football coach at Bethune–Cookman University in Daytona Beach, Florida from 1973 to 1975, Langston University in Langston, Oklahoma in 1977, and the University of the District of Columbia in 1983, compiling a career college football coaching record of 30–23–1.
Its narrative style mirrors that of her celebrity profiles, by having the titular character's troubles presented through the eyes and ears of an intermediary, who has been seen as a stand-in for the author herself.
She has stated that having the male as the center of the plot was a conscious decision so as to look at male sexuality from an outside perspective.
One day, she drops off their children, 11-year-old Hannah and 9-year-old Solly, at Toby's house while he is still sleeping and takes off.
The story, narrated by Toby's college friend Libby, a former writer for a men's magazine, follows their lives over this period and the events that led to the breakdown of their 14-year-marriage, as well as reflections of Libby's own life.
The novel mocks the affluent Manhattan professional class and its pretensions while embracing their anxieties, especially those relating to marriage and gender.
The novel also deals with the nature of marriage and relationships, in particular the strain that arises in marriages in which the wife is the primary breadwinner.
It has been seen as a larger commentary on marriage in modern America and the way in which it appears to strip people of their identities and force them into routines.
Brodesser-Akner also parodies the app-based dating culture, from grammatically poor sexts to the names of dating apps (such as Hr, Choose, Forage and Reach).
In particular, the novel focuses on the generation that got married before the advent of dating apps and who, upon divorcing, had to adjust to new dating practices.
Tejaswini Singh (born 13 December 1989) is an Indian model and journalist and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Mrs. International 2018 and Mrs.
In January 2018, Singh participated in the competition of Mrs. India International, which was held in Singapore, where she won the title of Mrs. India International.
She was the first female student to attend the Royal School of Mines at Imperial College, London, and the first woman to graduate with a PhD in metallurgy from there.
Upon being accepted, she was the first female student to attend the Royal School of Mines at Imperial College, London, and the first woman to graduate with a PhD in metallurgy from there.
In 1976, Hansson joined AT&T Bell Labs where she stayed four years before spending the following nine as a research scientist, and eventually as head of the Research Department, at the Danish Corrosion Centre.
When her husband was extended a position in Maryland, Hansson accepted an appointment within the Martin Marietta’s Institute for Advanced Studies.
In 1990, she became a professor and head of the Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department at Queen's University and then joined the University of Waterloo in 1996 as Vice President of University Research.
Hansson has worked as a consultant to the Ministry of Transportation Ontario and Alberta Transportation in corrosion monitoring of bridge structures.
A few years later, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for her contributions in the basic science of corrosion and metallurgical processes and applied engineering.
She has also been appointed a Fellow of the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences, the UK Institution of Materials, Minerals and Mining, and the American Concrete Institute.
Two years later, she joined the Board of Directors at Electrovaya Inc. During the year, she was appointed head of Electrovaya's Disclosure Committee after it was fined $250 thousand by the Ontario Securities Commission.
Okamoto syndrome (OS), also known as Au–Kline syndrome (AKS), is a very rare autosomal dominant multi-system genetic condition characterised by congenital hydronephrosis, due to narrowing (stenosis) of the upper ureters, low muscle tone, congenital heart defects, intellectual disability and characteristic facial features.
A mutation in one of the two copies of this gene therefore results in some proteins not being correctly synthesised and some developmental processes being disrupted or not completed.
The prognosis is not yet fully known, due to the lack of patients in literature, however most of the patients have at least lived through childhood.
Individuals with Okamoto syndrome are usually born with hydronephrosis, or urine build-up in the kidneys, due to narrowing (stenosis) of the passage between the kidneys and the ureters (the ureteropelvic junction).
There is also often vesicoureteral reflux, in which urine passes backwards from the bladder to the ureters, and frequent urinary tract infections.
Individuals with Okamoto syndrome are typically born with heart defects which can include aortic valve stenosis, atrial or ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve or patent ductus arteriosus.
The syndrome has a characteristic facial appearance which is similar to that of Kabuki syndrome, including prominent, downward-displaced ears which are underdeveloped, long eyelids, epicanthic folds, a short, broad nose, an open, downturned mouth and a deep groove in the midline of the tongue.
There is sometimes webbing of the neck or bulging eyes, and less commonly there is excessive hair on the forehead or other parts of the body or a unibrow.
Individuals with the syndrome may also have a broad first toe and crowding of the toes, and at least two patients have had polydactyly of the fifth digits (postaxial polydactyly).
Craniosynostosis, particularly of the sagittal and metopic sutures, leading to scaphocephaly and a metopic ridge, has also been reported in some patients.
Patients may be born with low weight and size and may display stunted growth in childhood, although this symptom has been variable and not in every Okamoto syndrome patient.
A minority of patients have had hearing loss of both sensorineural and conductive types, and a smaller minority have had optic nerve abnormalities.
A mutation in one of the two copies of these genes results in some proteins not being correctly synthesised and therefore some developmental processes being disrupted or not completed.
A minority of patients have died in infancy due to complications from their urinary system defects, including infections in Okamoto's first two patients, however most have lived through childhood and into adolescence.
, 26 individuals worldwide were known to be affected, with 13 of these reported in literature, mostly from 2010 to 2019.
from the Department of Medical Genetics at Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital after observing very similar symptoms and physical features in two unrelated Japanese infants.
Both infants had congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction stenosis, low muscle tone, developmental delay and characteristic facial features including an open mouth and low-set ears.
The practices were united with each other after both submitted the gene as a candidate to the online service GeneMatcher, which matched them together and allowed them to confirm the syndrome.
After he left army, Ismail was in insurance briefly before starting a real estate business, Nooris Consultants, with his wife on 1 January 1996.
To compete and develop further, he decided he had to merge with big players who dealt with other communities, and formed a partnership with the founders of Prulink Realty in 1999 called First Class Consultants.
By 2019, his company's agents rose from 1,000 to the current 8,400 agents or more, the biggest in Singapore, and it has also branched out to Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam.
His father came to Singapore penniless in 1945 at the age of 17 and ventured into various small businesses, including distributing newspapers.
From age seven, he would get up 4.30 every morning to deliver newspapers before going to school and then help out in his father's shop in the evening.
During Ismail's National Service, his army buddy revealed that his uncle had sold a property along Cavenagh Road and made a profit of about $250,000.
It was then that he decided that he wanted to own properties, believing that owning a property is the best way to be successful.
In 1983, he signed up as an army regular for another six years as he did well in the army and was recognised.
Itzel González Rodríguez (born 14 August 1994) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Club Tijuana and the Mexico women's national team.
González was a non-playing squad member for the Mexico women's national under-20 football team at the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
She made her debut for the senior Mexico women's national team on 15 December 2019, in a 4–0 friendly defeat by Brazil at Estadio Fonte Luminosa in Araraquara.
Bahu Bharya (Polygyny) () is a 1999 Sri Lankan Sinhala adult suspense thriller film directed by Udayakantha Warnasuriya and produced by Ranjith Jayasuriya for Ureka Films.
When observed, on April 1, 2016, discoverers Robert Weryk and Richard Wainscoat thought the object was an Encke-type comet, and the object was subsequently designated P/2016 G1.
By November, 2019, analysis suggested the collision had occurred on March 6, 2016, and the asteroid was struck by a smaller object that may have massed only , and was traveling at .
Astronomers were able to use the asteroid's rubble to determine the date of the collision, since the dispersion of dust was inversely proportionals to its size.
The film begins on a boy Abhiram who behaves differently in different situations which causes bewilderment to his father Eeswar Rao (Rajendra Prasad), so, he immediately consults a Neurosurgeon Prabhudas (Posani Krishna Murali).
Here as a flabbergast, it is revealed that the boy born with two brains and holding a dual personality whenever triggered by loud noises.
The story takes a twist when a charming girl Happy (Mishti Chakraborty) enters into his life whom Abhi loves but she falls for Ram looking at his humanity.
NTV says the film lustily outdated object, writer-turned-director Diamond Ratna Babu fails to tell a quirky storyline in an engaging fashion.
The HANS INDIA affirms that the movie doesn't have a solid story that fails to engage the audiences due to a lack of screenplay.
It is the official police band of the Vancouver Police Department and is considered to be the official band of the City of Vancouver.
Like many pipe bands in the British and Canadian Army, they performs in full highland dress which includes a feather bonnet.
It is the oldest non-military pipe band in British Columbia and ranks amongst the most senior police pipe bands in Canada.
The band's foundation in June 1914 occurred at the opening of the new police station on Cordova Street, during which a handful of pipers within the department were mobilized to play for the opening ceremonies.
The Vancouver Police Foundation made a large contribution to the creation of the documentary and was also funded through contributions on Kickstarter.
Proceeds went to the Gordon Sinclair Fund, a charity set up in memory of band member Gordon Sinclair who was killed in 1955.
The phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is a phylogenetic classification of bony fishes and is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes..
Levitan was hired by the Capital Times as a part time Washington correspondent in 1975, after a visit to Madison while following presidential candidate Fred Harris.
In 1977, Levitan left the Cap Times due to the strike by the Printer’s Union (which would last for 5 years) and joined the Madison Press Connection, a paper formed by striking workers.
Levitan later left the paper and enrolled in law school, afterwards joining the Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission as a staff attorney, where he served until retiring in early 2015.
Beginning in 1983, Levitan served on a number of boards, committees, and commissions in local government, including the Civic Center Commission, the Madison Zoning Board of Appeals, the State Street Oversight Committee, the Madison Plan Commission, and the Community Development Authority.
Levtian was appointed to the Madison Landmarks Commission in 2007, and served until 2019, much of it as Chair of the commission..
While Levitan served on the commission, major issues that came before the commission included the Edgewater Hotel Redevelopment and the removal of the cenotaph at the Confederate Rest section of Forest Hill Cemetery.
In developing the book, Levitan read every published issue of the Wisconsin State Journal, the Capital Times, and The Daily Cardinal during the 1960s.
Myint Myat () is a Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards-winning Burmese actor and singer , winning Best Supporting Actor in 2017.
Film was co-produced by director himself with a group of young Sri Lankans in Australia including Kithsiri Karunarathna, Wimal Samarasingha, Ujith Hewabasithage, Athula Ginige, Kamal Bandara, S.J.
The world premiere was held in Sydney under the patronage of Australians and aborigines at Greater Union Theatre in 7 March 1999.
The film has been shot in and around Sydney, Opera House and the Harbour, Australia and locations of Blue Mountain in Katumba, Javis Bay and Redfern two prominent aborigines villages.
Professor Sunil Ariyaratne and Vasantha Kumara Kobawaka worked as lyricists whereas Samitha Mudunkotuwa, Athula Adhikari and Athma Liyanage joined as playback singers.
This protected area is under the management of Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division (NWCD) governance for monitoring, patrolling, and imparting environmental education.
The forest is managed by 21 official staff which include 1 warden, 4 administrators, 5 forest rangers, 6 forest guards and 2 temporary staff which are all involved in protection of the wildlife area.
Four Range Forest Officers of NWCD that were trained abroad or are from international agencies are appointed and are well versed with technical knowledge of the wildlife.
Annual and perennial shifting cultivation practices have led to encroachment, and the wildlife habitat has been damaged by the extraction of water, wood, charcoal, and non-timber forest produce.
The 1942 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1942 college football season.
After this season, the Wildcats' football program would be idle due to World War II until a four-game limited schedule in 1944, with their next full season being 1946.
New Hampshire averaged 310 yards rushing per game, while holding their opponents to a 225-yard average, and completed 47% of their passes while holding opponents to 25% pass completion.
Fitanides would go on to be the first Wildcat drafted by a National Football League (NFL) team, being selected in the fifth round of the 1944 NFL Draft by the New York Giants.
Linsley's work is included in the collections of the Vancouver Art Gallery, the Edmonton Art Gallery and the Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery at the University of British Columbia.
Pathankhali is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Gosaba police station in the Gosaba CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The area (shown in the map alongside) borders on the Sundarbans National Park and a major portion of it is a part of the Sundarbans settlements.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Pathankhali had a total population of 1,414, of which 712 (50%) were males and 702 (50%) were females.
Her father was a missionary and teacher; after the American Civil War he taught freedmen at Tougaloo College in Mississippi, and Miner trained as a teacher there.
After a stint at Fisk University, Miner became a teaching missionary in China, commissioned by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in 1887.
While in the United States in 1901, she also spoke at the meeting of the Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior, held at Oberlin.
She founded the North China Union College for Women in 1905, China's first college for women, and served as the college's dean until 1922.
In November 2019, the gang rape and murder of a 26-year-old veterinary doctor in Shamshabad, near Hyderabad, sparked outrage across India.
The Telangana Police Department stated that the victim had parked her scooter near a toll plaza, which caught the attention of two lorry drivers and their assistants.
According to police, they  deflated her tire, pretended to help her, and pushed her into nearby bushes, where they raped and smothered her.
Protests and public demonstration against rape were organised nationwide after the incident, with the public demanding stricter laws against rape and rapists.
The Minister of Home Affairs criticised the Telangana Police and stated that the government intended to amend the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure to introduce laws for quicker punishment by fast-track courts.
All four accused were killed in a police encounter on 6 December 2019, under a bridge on Bangalore Hyderabad national highway, while they were in police custody.
According to the police, the suspects were taken to the location for a reconstruction of the crime scene, where two of them allegedly snatched guns and attacked the police.
The first post-mortem of the four accused who were killed in the encounter was conducted on the same day itself at a government hospital in Mahabubnagar from where the bodies were subsequently moved to the Gandhi Hospital.
The willingness to report rape has increased in recent years, after several incidents of rape received widespread media attention and triggered public protest.
Most notably, the 2012 Delhi gang rape led the Government of India to reform its penal code for crimes of rape and sexual assault.
According to the Telangana Police Department remand report, the victim had parked her scooter near Tondupally toll plaza, attracting the attention of the suspects, two lorry drivers and their assistants, who had been drinking whiskey before allegedly planning the crime.
According to the remand report, on 27 November 2019 at around 6:15 p.m., after parking the scooter, the victim took a taxi to a dermatologist's office in Hyderabad.
When she regained consciousness, they smothered her, wrapped the corpse in a blanket, transported it in their truck 27 km to a location near the Shadnagar interchange on the Hyderabad Outer Ring road, and at approximately 2:30 a.m. burnt it under a bridge using diesel and petrol purchased for the purpose.
The police arrested the four accused based on the evidence gathered from CCTV cameras, an eyewitness, and the victim's mobile phone.
The woman's charred corpse was found under Chatanpally Bridge in the Shadnagar located from the toll booth where she was abducted.
On 1 December 2019, Telangana Chief Minister ordered that a fast-track court be formed to try the accused of this crime.
According to the victim's family, the response by the Cyberabad Police was improper, claiming that a quicker response by the police could have saved the victim's life.
The victim's father had approached the police at 11 p.m. on 27 November, after which the police allegedly wasted time over the applicability of the jurisdiction of the police station and inappropriate questioning of the family.
Constables were only sent for a search along with the family at 3 a.m. to Thondupally toll plaza and could not find the victim.
The day after the incident the local police suspended three policemen, including a sub-inspector, belonging to the Shamshabad airport police station for negligence and the delay in registering a missing person case.
The local police convinced the victim's family to allow the use of a fictional name, Disha, in place of the victim's true name in media reporting.
On 3 December, a man from Nizamabad district was arrested by the Cyberabad police, after a cyber crime case was filed against him, for posting pictures and spreading derogatory posts about the victim.
Members of the right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party MLA Raja Singh, BJP's IT Cell chief Amit Malviya and some party supporters made posts on social media that gave the incident a false communal spin by selectively focusing on the Muslim suspect.
The police stated that it was not clear if it was a case of self immolation or if she was set on fire.
After the arrest of the four suspects, a crowd of local residents gathered at the Shadnagar police station to protest against the crime and demanding that the police either hang or shoot the culprits.
Instead the executive magistrate arrived to the police station and passed the order to send the accused on judicial custody for 14 days.
While the police were transporting the accused from the Shadnagar police station to the prison in Hyderabad, several protestors threw stones over police vehicles.
Police used force and wielded batons to control the crowd, who were demanding the police hand over the accused to them.
On 2 December 2019, the incident was discussed in both houses of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
In Rajya Sabha, an adjournment motions over the incident was rejected by Chairman Venkaiah Naidu, but he allowed the members to discuss such incidents in the country.
In an interview to NDTV while visiting the family of the victim, Union Minister of State for Home, Kishan Reddy criticised the casual attitude of Telangana Police and their lack of a sense of urgency, saying it might have saved the victim.
We intend to amend the IPC (Indian Penal Code) and CrPC (Code of Criminal Procedure) to make the law such that punishment is quick through fast-track courts.
At the same time, the police and law enforcement authorities, her family, even some volunteers will be alerted, so response can be quick.
The Government of Andhra Pradesh passed a bill named Disha Act (also known as, Andhra Pradesh Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2019) to award death penalty for rapists within 21 days after the crime is committed.
According to Prakash Reddy, Deputy Commissioner of Shamshabad Police in Hyderabad, the four suspects were taken to the location for a reconstruction of the crime scene, where two of them snatched guns and attacked the police.
According to Cyberabad police chief VC Sajjanar, the suspects had managed to snatch and use the weapons because the guns were unlocked.
The Telangana High Court ordered to preserve the bodies of the accused until 13 December, and permitted their transfer (due to lack of morgue space) to Gandhi Hospital.
The National Human Rights Commission of India initiated an investigation of the killings and will send a team led by a senior officer to Telangana.
On digital streaming service Recochoku's charts, the album debuted at number 2 on Digital Album Daily Charts and on number 10 on Digital Album Weekly Charts.
Dadabima (The Hunting Ground) () is a 2000 Sri Lankan Sinhala adult drama film directed by Louis Vanderstraaten and produced by Pradeep Palihawadana for Hanako Films.
The 2020 Big 12 Conference Baseball Tournament will be held from May 20 through May 24 at Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
The top eight finishers from the regular season will be seeded one through eight, and will then play a two-bracket double-elimination tournament leading to a winner-take-all championship game.
The Guangxi Massacre (), or Guangxi Cultural Revolution Massacre (), was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976).
In certain areas including Wuxuan County and Wuming District, massive cannibalism occurred even though no famine existed; according to public records available, at least 137 people—perhaps hundreds more—were eaten by others and at least thousands of people participated in the cannibalism.
Other researchers have pointed out that in a county alone, 421 people had been eaten, and there were reports of cannibalism across dozens of counties in Guangxi.
After the Cultural Revolution, people who involved in the massacre or cannibalism received only minor punishments; in Wuxuan County where at least 38 people were eaten, fourteen participants were prosecuted, receiving up to 14 years in prison, while ninety-one members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) were expelled from the party and thirty-nine non-party officials were either demoted or had a salary cut.
Although the cannibalism was sponsored by local offices of Communist Party and militia, no evidence suggests that anyone in the national Communist Party leadership including Mao Zedong endorsed the cannibalism or even knew of it.
In April 1981, an investigation group of over 20 people was formed under the arrangement of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the General Office of the Communist Party of China, the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Public Security, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate.
In June 1981, the investigation concluded that the death toll was over 100,000, while some officials and civilians claimed privately that the death toll was 150,000, 200,000 or even 500,000.
In March 1983, another investigation group of 40 people was formed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In January 1984, the investigation concluded that 89,700 deaths could be identified by names and addresses, over 20,000 people were missing, and over 30,000 deaths could not be identified by names or addresses.
In particular, due to the clashes between the two opposing factions, 3,700 people died during direct fighting, 7,000 were persecuted to death, while 79,000 were beaten or shot to death in a planned and systematic matter.
In Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, eight out of fourteen counties saw a death toll of over 1,000, with Binyang County alone losing 3,777 people.
According to Zheng Yi (), a scholar who conducted detailed researches on the topic in the late 1980s and later smuggled some copies of official documents to the United States, at least 137 people—perhaps hundreds more—were eaten by others and thousands of people participated in the cannibalism.
Documents also record a variety of ways of cannibalism, including eating people as an after-dinner snack, slicing off the meat in big parties, dividing up the flesh so each person takes a large chunk home to boil, barbecuing or roasting the liver, and so on.
According to Yan Lebin (), a member of the Ministry of Public Security who joined both of the investigation groups:In 1968, 38 people in Wuxuan County were eaten, and 113 officials of the county participated in eating human flesh, hearts and livers.
Chen Guorong (), a peasant from Guigang County who happened to pass by Wuxuan, was caught and killed by local militia because he was fat; his heart and liver were taken out while his flesh was distributed to 20 people.
A female militia leader ate 6 human livers in total, and cut the genitals of 5 men and soaked them in alcohol which she would drink later, claiming that these organs were beneficial to her health.
After the conference, a committee member, Li Hao (), removed the hearts and livers from the corpses, sauteing them and preparing them as dishes for other representatives who attended the conference.
According to Song Yongyi (), a Chinese historian who worked at the California State University, Los Angeles:Independent researchers in Guangxi counted a total of 421 people who were eaten in a single county.
There was one man who was said to be in the so-called fifth category, who was beaten to death where he stood.
The local officials and armed militia said that it was important to eradicate such people, and so they not only killed those two children: they ate them too.
He had a 17-year-old daughter, Liu Xiulan, who was gang-raped by nine people [for 19 times] who then ripped open her belly, and ate her liver and breasts.
According to Frank Dikötter, Chair Professor of Humanities at the University of Hong Kong, Senior Fellow at Hoover Institution of Stanford, and winner of the 2011 Samuel Johnson Prize:Throughout 1967 but also '68, there are factions in the countryside that start not just eliminating each other physically, but literally in a couple of small towns they start ritualistically eating each other.
You have to eat his heart, so there are very well-documented cases of ritual cannibalism.<br>There was a hierarchy in the consumption of class enemies.
Leaders feasted on the heart and liver, mixed with pork, while ordinary villagers were allowed only to peck at the victims’ arms and thighs.
The film was also nominated for Best Achievement in Directing - Feature Film at 2017 South African Film and Television Awards.
The 2020 American Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament will be held at Spectrum Field in Clearwater, Florida from May 19 through May 24.
The event, held at the end of the conference regular season, determines the champion of the American Athletic Conference for the 2018 season.
The tournament will use a two bracket double-elimination format, leading to a single championship game between the winners of each bracket.
The East Wetumpka Commercial Historic District, in Wetumpka, Alabama, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
He also is the band leader of The 8-Bit Big Band, a video game music cover jazz orchestra, whose videos have over 3 million views on YouTube.
Preceding his work on The 8-Bit Big Band, starting from 2012, he was the bandleader of Charlie Rosen's Broadway Big Band, where he arranged classic musical theater numbers into music able to be performed by a jazz orchestra and would feature Broadway performers as the vocalists.
However, he considers himself primarily a bassist but uses the range of instruments in his repertoire to improve the quality of the music he is able to create.
The 2020 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament will be held from May 19 through May 24 at Fluor Field at the West End in Greenville, South Carolina.
The tournament was originally held from 1950-53, when the Southern Conference was a large conference composed of several small schools and several large schools, the latter of which would form the Atlantic Coast Conference after the 1953 season.
East Tennessee State and VMI have never won a title, although they both returned to the conference in 2015 after over ten years in other conferences.
The lyrics expressed the person’s regret towards and appreciation for her mother, as well as a promise to bring a better future to her mother, and expresses one’s hope to meet only good happenings in life.
She has also topped the Monkey3 daily chart and places within the top 10 on the rest of the daily charts.
Hendrik Johannes Haverman (23 October 1857, Amsterdam - 11 August 1928, The Hague) was a Dutch artist; known primarily for his portrait drawings.
In his turn, he gave private lessons to Edmée Broers (1876-1955), , Maria Adeline Alice Schweistal (1864-1950) and Pauline Suij; at a time when women were not admitted to the Rijksakademie.
Arthur F. Miles (1866-1953) was an American educator and politician who served in the Utah State legislature representing the St. George, Utah area.
In 1877, Miles' family converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) The next year, they emigrated to the United States and eventually settled in St. George.
In the 1890s, the Sunday schools in the four wards of St. George were consolidated and Miles served as assistant superintendent.
The Bahamas are considered a tax haven given the lack of income tax, capital gains tax, inheritance tax or company tax.
The country's lack of income and corporate profit taxes has seen it become a popular drawcard for high net-worth individuals moving to the Bahamas and becoming residents for tax purposes to avoid high taxes in their home countries, including a number of high profile people such as Eugenie Bouchard and Sean Connery.
Tax residency certificates are issued to individuals who spend at least 90 days in the Bahamas and under 184 days in any other single country and purchase a property worth in excess of $1.5 million.
Social security tax is payable to the National Insurance Board at 3.9% by employees and 5.9% by employers, or 8.8% for self-employed individuals, up to maximum amounts.
Property tax is imposed on all properties, with the rate for residential properties dependent on whether the home was occupied by its owner for at least six months of the calendar year, under reforms introduced in 2019.
If the residency requirement is met, the first $250,000 of property value is exempted, while the value up to $500,000 is taxed at a rate of 0.75% and at 1% on value in excess of $500,000.
If the residency requirement is failed, a 1% tax is imposed for the value up to $500,000 of assessed value and 2% for the value in excess of $500,000.
Furthermore, stamp duty is payable on the transfer of realty and marina slips, at 2.5% for valuations under $100,000 and 10% over $100,000.
However, businesses require a licence to operate, which is charged at either a flat-rate of $100 or at up to 3% of turnover depending on the amount of revenue generated.
The Ministry of Finance maintains a list of commonly imported items, each with its own import duty payable before release to the owner, which can range from zero to 75% of the item's value.
The 2020 Atlantic Coast Conference Baseball Tournament will be held from May 19 through May 24 at BB&T Ballpark in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Georgia Tech has won nine championships, and defending champion Florida State has won eight titles since their entry to the league in 1992.
Charter league member Duke, along with recent entrants Virginia Tech, Boston College, Pittsburgh, Notre Dame and Louisville have never won the event.
The winner of each seven team division and the top ten other teams based on conference winning percentage, regardless of division, from the conference's regular season will be seeded one through twelve.
Teams are then divided into four pools of three teams each, with the winners advancing to single elimination bracket for the championship.
Sometimes described as stilt walking using coconut shells, it is played using two halved coconut shells to which a rope is attached.
The player walks on the shells, keeping the rope between the first two toes, while pulling on the rope to keep balance and lift the shells.
He was a key figure in the long process that by the start of the 21st-century had made St. George a key center of retirement and growing commubnity.
He received an associates degree from Dixie College (now Dixie State University) and completed his undergraduate studies at Brigham Young University.
He came to practice law and to head the local farmers cooperative at the urging of Dixie College president Joseph A. Nicholes.
In 1933 Hafen was serving as a member of the St. George Stake presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
He was involved with operating Dixie College from when The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints stopped funding the institution in 1933 until the state of Utah took over operations in 1935.
The cooperative that Hafen came to run in St. George failed after he was there about a year, and never paid him his promised salary.
This group pooled the small amount of capital available in St. George to inport fertilizers and sell it to farmers to boost crop output.
In 1953 he worked closely with Ernest L. Wilkinson to draft the legislative bills to provide for the return of Dixie, Weber and Snow college to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Also as a member of the legislature Hafen managed to push through budget bills to build new buildings at Dixie College.
Hafen supported the compromise that gave the rural Utah counties (including Washington County) which had 25% of the population control of 11 of the 14 state senate seats while the majority of the state house seats were controlled by the urban counties with 75% of the population.
He did push through a bill that changed the balance so the state senate districts were split 14 to the rural counties and 13 to the four Urban counties of Utah, Salt Lake, Davis and Weber.
This balance was later ended after the U.S. supreme court ruled to mandate all legislative districts represent the principle of one man one vote and regular redistricting to preserve such a blance.
Meitei Manipuri Gods and Goddesses are the Gods and Goddesses affiliated to the Kanglei mythology (Meitei mythology) as well as Meitei religion of the Meitei Manipuri people of Manipur.
As a rally driver, in 2012, Kofler began to participate in tenders reserved for electrically powered vehicles thanks to the partnership with the Autotest Motorsport team of Josef Unterholzner.
He repeated this 2015, while in 2017, in a Tesla Model S, he won the world title in the FIA E-Rally Regularity Cup, then also won in 2019 in an Audi e-tron.
Apart from association with Reliance Industries, Dhanraj Nathwani also holds the post of CEO & Director in Finetech Corporation Pvt Ltd (FCPL), which is an associate company of Reliance group of companies.
The women's 200 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 14 and 15 October.
The 2020 Thomas & Uber Cup (officially known as the TOTAL BWF Thomas & Uber Cup Finals 2020) is the 31st edition of the Thomas Cup and the 28th edition of the Uber Cup, the biennial international badminton championship contested by the men and women's national teams of the member associations of Badminton World Federation (BWF).
It is the first time that Denmark hosted the Thomas Cup and Uber Cup tournament and the first time this event was held in Europe since 1982 in England.
Aarhus was named as the host on November 2018 during BWF Council meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where BWF also decided the host for 18 major events, including Thomas and Uber Cup, Sudirman Cup, BWF World Championships, BWF World Junior Championships, and BWF World Senior Championships in 2019 through 2025.
Kōchiyama Sōshun is a serves as a cha-bōzu　(He is kind of tea man) in the administrative headquarters of the Tokugawa shogunate but he works behind the scene to protect powerless people from evil power of Tokugawa shogunate.
The 1994 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 1st edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Cento, Italy from November 25 to November 27, 1994.
The story revolves around Alicia (Bárbara de Regil), a successful workaholic executive, who puts her company's needs before her family's needs, and her struggle to balance her work and coexistence with her son.
She is known to be the first woman in the history of South Africa’s oil industry to head a multi-national company.
In August 2017, she was appointed the Chief Executive Officer(CEO) of BP Southern Africa (BPSA), making her the first female to hold such a position.
She had her tertiary education at the University of the North, now the University of Limpopo and the University of KwaZulu Natal.
Prior to that, she worked in a number of large South African companies serving in various roles, including Airports Company of South Africa (ACSA), where she served as CFO; Ernst & Young, where she served as a tax director; and Eskom, where she held various roles in finance, tax and general management.
The municipality was formed on 1 January 2019, by the merger of the municipalities of Grootegast, Leek, Marum, Zuidhorn and partly Winsum.
She then performs with white pythons in the sand while short clips of Uchis featuring a futuristic mask in between scenes.
In August 2019, 10 Members of Sikkim Legislative Assembly quit former ruling party, Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) to join BJP Sikkim.
Before the October 2019 by-election (3 constituencies) for Sikkim Legislative Assembly, BJP Sikkim formed with the ruling party Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (SKM).
The Chief Minister and the president of SKM, Prem Singh Tamang (P. S. Golay) stood from Poklok-Kamrang, and 2 BJP candidates stood from Martam Rumtek and Gangtok.
All 3 candidates won their seat, and this was the first time that BJP could get seat in Sikkim Legislative Assembly by election.
The 1923 Howard Bison football team was an American football team that represented Howard University during the 1923 college football season.
In their first year under head coach Louis L. Watson, the Bison compiled a 7–0–1 record, outscored opponents by a total of 96 to 19, and were recognized as the black college national champion.
Dundalk entered the 1987–88 season as the League Cup holders from 1986–87, having won that competition and finished as runners-up in both league and FAI Cup.
1987–88 was Turlough O'Connor's third season as manager, and was Dundalk's 62nd consecutive season in the top tier of Irish football.
The League Cup followed and, after qualifying from a four team mini-group to reach the quarter-finals, they were knocked out by St Patrick's Athletic.
Shamrock Rovers had won the title for the previous four seasons and were expected to challenge again, while St Patrick's Athletic, Bohemians and Cork City were all strongly tipped.
With three games remainin, the season appeared to swing back in Dundalk's favour when, after going two goals down to Derry City in Oriel Park, they scored three times in the final 13 minutes to win the match.
A big win the following week over Bray Wanderers meant that, going into the final match of the season, they only needed a draw against St Patrick's Athletic – their closest challengers – to become Champions.
They went on to win the 1988 FAI Cup Final, with a 1–0 victory over Derry City on 1 May 1988 – the club's second League and Cup Double – to cap a season that had seen them play 50 matches.
In the first round they drew a glamour tie against the holders, Ajax Amsterdam (many of whose players would be in the Dutch squad that would win Euro '88).
'Barakat Pharmaceutical Industrial Town' is the first pharmaceutical research town in Iran and registered as the country's first special district of pharmaceutical economic.
This town is located in the Savojbolagh county in the Alborz province with area of 200 hectares that half of it has been devoted to Industrial company and Knowledge enterprise.
The main goal of establishing this town is to invest $ 2 billion to cover a wide range of medical and pharmaceutical needs, including biomedicine, medical devices, laboratory diagnostic kits and pharmaceutical packaging materials.
Being the high tech and able to present new services and innovations are the main indicators to cooperate with companies in the pharmaceutical industrial town.
Specific space has been devoted to companies established in research and development areas including incubators, knowledgebase, tuberculosis, biotechnology, gene therapy, blood refineries and plasma products, vaccination, pharmaceutical in Barkat pharmaceutical industrial town.There is also a cell plant with the participation of the Royan Institute for Cell Therapy and an international postdoctoral pharmacy university with the aim of providing needed expert researchers and technologists in the town.
Developing Iranian pharmaceutical exports, preparing 6,000 job opportunities directly, linking the university with industry and economics, reducing drug costs for patients and introducing Iran as the main drug poles are some goals of establishing the town.
As the director of the town, Mohammadi said that there is $ 2 billion investment to produce herbal medicines in the Barkat pharmaceutical industrial town.
The town included a garden Museum with the area of one hectare opened in 1395 to introducing, recognizing and presenting medical and herbal achievements in Iran.
The museum is the show for the characteristics and usage of medicinal plants in Iran, the history of study and research on medicinal plants, the history of Iranian medicine, the capacities of Iranian medicinal plants, as well as traditional medicine for scientific development.
Kestenga (; ; ), is a rural village in the Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in Russia on the northern shore of Lake Topozero.
The village was at the center of the Battle of Kestenga in 1941 between the Finnish and Soviet Army during the Continuation War.
The 2020 Big Ten Conference Baseball Tournament will be held at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska from May 20 through 24.
The event has been held since 1981, with Minnesota and defending champion Ohio State each winning 10 times, most of all teams.
Original members Michigan State and Northwestern have never won the event, while more recent additions Penn State (1991), Nebraska (2011), Maryland (2015) and Rutgers (2015) have never won the tournament.
The Rossokha flows across the Middle Kolyma District and the Lower Kolyma District in an area marked by permafrost, with numerous swamps and lakes.
The Rossokha has 145 tributaries that are longer than and in its basin there are 7,442 lakes with a total area of .
The forest tundra of the Rossokha River basin, together with the Kondakov Plateau and the Suor Uyata and the Ulakhan-Tas, is part of the migration corridor of the Sundrun reindeer population.
On August 6, 1987, Veterans Memorial Stadium, Long Beach hosted an exhibition match for the 1987 State of Origin series between New South Wales and Queensland.
Founded in 2018, the California Rugby League wanted to bring back a sport that had been missing from the state of California.
On December 7, 2019, the CRL will have their first set of matches, between Sacramento and Santa Rosa and the Los Angeles Mongrel and San Francisco Savage, at Boxer Stadium in San Francisco.
The CRL will also be running youth clinics in Los Angeles at Marina Vista Park on November 9th and San Francisco at Balboa Park on December 7th.
Edward A. Keenan (October 15, 1894 – April 12, 1970) was an American politician who served as the 34th Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
After retiring in 1959 from his position as an office manager with Green Mountain Power, Keenan was elected as an alderman from ward five in Burlington, narrowly defeating Democratic incumbent Paul L. Heininger with 382 votes to Heininger's 353.
In 1963 incumbent Mayor Robert K. Bing announced that he would not seek a second term and party officials asked Keenan to run for mayor, but refused to make a decision until January 30, 1963 when he announced that he would run and received Bing's endorsement.
On February 8, 1963 he was given the Republican nomination and on March 5 defeated Robert W. Larrow with 4,475 votes against Larrow's 4,267 votes.
On January 15, 1965 he announced that he would seek reelection and the Republican Committee in Burlington announced that it had voted unanimously to support him.
After losing reelection he was invited to a briefing with President Lyndon B. Johnson along with the mayors of every city with over 100,000 people to discuss how the cities were coping with the Johnson administration's programs.
In May he was a member of a four person delegation supported a bill in the state legislature that would reapportion the state house to 150 seats which was successfully passed.
Following his defeat for reelection as mayor he lead a successful write-in campaign for the Republican nomination, placing second out of eleven candidates, as one of six candidates for state senate seats.
Keenan was unable to campaign for state senate due to being hospitalized and the initial results of the election showed him losing by one vote.
Later recounts found an error in the vote totals that under-reported Hector Marcoux's total by 100 votes and after it was included gave him a lead of 101 votes against Keenan.
Shortly before his death Keenan lived in Sarasota, Florida and on April 12, 1970 he died in Pompano Beach, Florida from a heart attack after being taken to the hospital earlier that day.
The city hall flag in Burlington was flown at half-staff until after his funeral services by the orders of Francis J. Cain.
Shorr was a member of the Foundation’s Artists Advisory Committee that initiated and developed the Sharpe Walentas Studio Program as a service to living artists.
Harriet Shorr is mainly considered as a realist artist, however during life her work has transitioned from observation of everyday objects and domestic items painted when she was at Swarthmore, to the objects placed on scarves that she painted after she came to New York, and to objects that are carefully chosen for literary, mythological, or metaphorical possibilities.
While selecting objects for the painting Shorr consciously tried not to look for them with a specific agenda in mind, nor questioned what makes them click together.
When all the objects were gathered, she arranged the items on a table in her studio trying to vary the spaces between them.
Shorr didn’t believe in a necessary connection between drawing and painting and did no preliminary drawing for her still life works.
She used bristle brushes for the larger areas of color and longhaired brushes for the more precise modeling, created the different shapes, their shadows and the spaces between shapes, maintaining the fluidity of the painting and the practice of painting wet-into-wet that she developed after studying with Alex Katz at the Yale School of Art and Architecture.
Shorr was one of four realist still life painters who experimented painting same four objects not revealing the results to one another until all four paintings were done.
They repeated the same experiment in ten years and presented the results on the group exhibition Four Artists, Four Objects, Ten Years (1997).
Here, she attempted radically new works that wrestle with allegory in the guise of porcelain figurines, textiles, flowers, branches and reflective surfaces.
Harriet Shorr’s work has been offered at auction multiple times, with the record price $2,375 USD for Oysters and Pearls, sold at Freeman’s in 2009.
Her paintings are a part of collections at numerous organizations, among them Citicorp,Hyatt, Hess Corporation, Estee Lauder Companies, ARCO, and others.
The Ju-jitsu competition at the World Games 2005 took place from July 21 to July 22, in Duisburg, Germany, at the Landschaftspark Nord, Kraftzentrale.
Ophelia Deroy is professor of Philosophy of Mind at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and a member of the Graduate School in Systemic Neuroscience (GSN) in Munich.
Przemysław Czarnek (born 11 June 1977 in Koło) – is a Polish lawyer, doctor of law studies, from 2015 to 2019 voivode of the Lubelskie Voivoideship, member of the IX Sejm, elected 2019.
Rather, with a brother two years older, from a young age she'd roleplay the heroes in stories and do other boys' things.
She fell immediately in love with the star, Amami Yuuki, and began collecting all the shows she appeared in on video and watching them on repeat.
Though she had no previous dance experience, after entering middle school, Nanami enrolled in a ballet class in Tokyo that her father found specifically for those aspiring to enter the Takarazuka Music School.
She entered a high-level high school and her parents gave her the ultimatum that she couldn't take the exam to enter the Takarazuka music school if her school grades slipped, so she worked hard on her studies and took her lessons simultaneously She passed the Takarazuka exam in her second year of high school on her second try.
During her time in Cosmos troupe, Nanami was also offered a voice acting role in an anime, an uncommon occurrence for a current Takarazuka actress, and in 2014, she voiced the character of Uesugi Kenshin in Satelight’s Nobunaga the Fool.
In 2015 Nanami was transferred from Cosmos troupe into Star troupe, where she would spend the rest of her time in Takarazuka.
Three months after her retirement from the Takarazuka Revue, Nanami announced her signing with Andstir entertainment and the King Records music label.
She made her post-Takarazuka artist debut with the release of her first mini album, 'Galaxy', and an accompanying one-man live show with a four-concert run in Tokyo and Osaka.
Her first theatrical performance post-Takarazuka will be the titular role of Red, in Red and Bear, an original musical which will run from January 24th, 2020, to February 2nd, 2020 at the Sunshine Theatre in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, Japan.
In addition to her voiceover, theatrical, and musical work, Nanami currently hosts a weekly radio show on Tokyo FM, and a television program on the Takarazuka Revue’s television channel, Takarazuka Skystage.
The band, comprising Grzegorz Kwiatkowski (vocals, guitar, also a published poet), Wojtek Juchniewicz (vocals, guitar), Rafał Wojczal (keyboard, guitar), and Tomek Pawluczuk (drums), formed in Gdańsk, where Juchniewicz and Pawluczuk studied at the Academy of Fine Arts and Kwiatkowski studied philosophy at university.
The band's influences include the Beatles, the Velvet Underground, Sonic Youth, Fugazi, classicial composers such as Bach and Schubert, and the films of Werner Herzog.
The Ju-jitsu competition at the World Games 2001 took place from August 19 to August 20, in Akita, Japan, at the Akita Prefectural Gymnasium.
Designed by Henry J. Schlacks and constructed in 1902, it originally served as a factory and warehouse for the Tyler & Hippach Mirror Co.
In 1908, the building was moved 52 feet south and 168 feet east to its current location, in order to make way for the construction of the new Chicago and North Western Terminal, at a cost of $50,000.
The William Grace Company was contracted to perform the move, and hired Chicago engineer Harvey Sheeler, who had successfully moved several large buildings previously.
William J. Cassidy Tire & Auto Supply Co. purchased the building for $250,000 in 1970, and it became the headquarters of Cassidy Tire.
In 2019, The Habitat Company signed a contract to purchase the property, and intends to demolish the building and build a 33 story apartment building on the site.
However, Preservation Chicago is working to have the building designated a Chicago Landmark and preserved as part of the residential development planned for the site.
It was constructed in 1907 after a local resident won a High Court ruling against the South Staffordshire Waterworks Company for poor water-supply pressure.
The brick tower held a cast-iron water tank at a height of to provide sufficient hydraulic head to improve water pressure.
The tower ceased to have any role in water supply in the 1990s but has since been used as a radio tower.
Winshill Water Tower is one of Burton upon Trent's most prominent buildings, visible on the skyline from far afield, and has been used as a landmark by road and rail travellers for decades.
It is constructed atop Scalpcliffe Hill, from which there are views across most of the town, and lies close to Winshill's boundary with Brizlincote parish.
The tower stands adjacent to a small section of woodland known as Waterloo Clump which was planted by local people to commemorate the Duke of Wellington's victory in 1815.
On the Brizlincote side of the hill an area of woodland, planted by the National Forest Company, has been named Tower Woods after the landmark.
The exterior is brickwork, largely brown brindle Staffordshire bricks laid in English bond, with details picked out in different coloured bricks.
Inside the tower, at a height of and supported on rolled steel joists atop a brick pier, stood a cast-iron water tank.
The tank measured by and in service was kept full to a level of by a float-operated valve, providing a head of water exactly above sea level.
One resident, Harry Mills Barrow, took the South Staffordshire Waterworks Company to the High Court, at his own expense, over the matter in 1905.
For his efforts, Barrow was rewarded with a sum of money and an illuminated house sign, that remained in use at an address in Ashby Road until the 1960s.
Construction of the water tower was carried out in 1907 and the Burton Town Council made a contribution of £1,000 towards the costs.
The feed was later switched to the company's water main in Saxon Street (Stapenhill), which was the main supply to Burton from the pumping station at Chilcote.
During the First World War local scouts mounted a guard on the tower, primarily as fire wardens, owing to the fear of German invasion or Zeppelin attack.
The town would become one of the first in Britain to be attacked by German strategic bombing when a Zeppelin raid of 31 January 1916 killed 15 people and wounded 72.
During the 1960s the South Staffordshire Waterworks Company installed aerials onto the tower as part of a short-wave radio system used by its engineers to contact the company headquarters.
Other antennas and mobile-phone masts have since been added, particularly since the tower lost its role in water supply in the 1990s.
In Melbourne James How was employed by Joseph Raleigh, a merchant and wharf owner and by 1857 was listed as one of the principal directors of How, Walker & Co., a merchant and shipping business started by a relative, Robert How.
How, whose surviving output is found in one album made over only two years, was evidently an accomplished and enthusiastic artist whose photographic knowledge was derived, historians surmise, from any of several possible sources; perhaps from practitioners in England before migrating, from her reading, or from local contacts, or any combination of those.
Louisa How may before her migration have been taught the medium at professional studios in England, but more likely she learned from William Hetzer to make salted paper prints from half-plate glass negatives for which the Sydney merchant was known, and for which he was the supplier of materials and the printer of his clients' negatives, including those of E.W.
There are plausible claims that it was Hetzer's wife Thekla who, from 1850 assisted him at his studio at 15 Hunter Street, who was the first woman photographer in Australia, but no works known to be hers have survived.
In the same month of 1858 that the earliest exclusively photographic exhibition was held in Australia was mounted at the Sydney Philosophical Society, How made portraits of her guests on Christmas Day and Boxing Day at Woodlands.
She set up a makeshift studio on her verandah, using furniture, drapes and props including a stereoscope and stereo cards, so as to shorten exposure conditions with brighter lighting, but make it appear that the pictures were made indoors.
The resultant prints are amongst forty-eight salted paper prints from the period October 1857 to January 1859 in her only surviving album, carefully titled and signed, which is now held in the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.
Her varied subjects include visitors to Woodlands, appearing relaxing in conversation, drinking and dining, several in groups and some of those more formal, and the rest being individual portraits; the merchants George S. Caird, Robert P. Paterson and Hendricks Anderson, the explorer William Landsborough with his Aboriginal companion 'Tiger’, the settlers Charles Morison from Glenmorison, New England and John Glen.
As well as portraits, How made views of Sydney Cove, Government House, Campbell’s Wharf and around her own house and garden and its Harbourside boatshed.
The Hows remained in Woodlands until about 1866, then moved to 'Calingra' in Woollahra when, due to losses, the How merchant company had ceased business.
Her husband James died in about 1869, and a year later she relocated to Heaton, also in Woollahra, then moved several times before her death in 1893 at the age seventy-two.
Of these, 79.9% spoke Belarusian, 12.1% Yiddish, 2.6% Russian, 2.0% Latvian, 1.8% Polish, 0.8% Lithuanian, 0.3% German and 0.3% Estonian as their native language.
However, after his then girlfriend broke up with him, he quit his studies and moved south to Hainan Island in 1989.
In the late 1980s, Hainan was designated a special economic zone by the Chinese government and attracted migrants from all over the country.
Like many other migrants, however, Cheng was unable to find a job there and had to sleep on the street after spending all his money.
Li Yi is an artist who is out of a job and becomes homeless in Hainan, which closely matched Cheng's own experience.
It was opened on 23 April 1988 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Chacaíto to Los Dos Caminos.
In 1921 the final Dutch name became: 'Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij NV', the equivalent of 'Wilton Engineering and Slipway Company'.
While there, his old father was living in humble circumstances near the country house of the merchant and regent Abram van Rijckevorsel (1790-1864).
Van Rijckevorsel and his friend the shipping magnate Willem Ruys (1837-1901) got an idea to help the old Wilton, who could no longer support himself.
They gave Bartel Wilton a loan, so he would return to Rotterdam, and could take over a stove smithy to support himself and his father.
On 7 January 1854 Bartel Wilton started his business as a house and stove smith at the south side of the Baan in Rotterdam.
In 1876 Wilton got a thirty year lease on a piece of land behind the parade ground of the militia on the Westzeedijk.
All in all a recipe for stating that the factory at the Westzeedijk was in Schoonderloo, or even Delfshaven, while it is now in Rotterdam.
On 26 January 1878 M. van der Kuyl in Slikkerveer laid down an iron passenger screw steam boat for Wijnands & Co in Groningen.
In 1893 the terrain next to the slipway was heightened by 25,000 cubic meters of soil dug out for the harbor of Katendrecht.
On 24 September 1889 Bartel Wilton and Bartel Wilton Jr. (1863-1938, also known as 'Bart') came to an agreement for joint ownership of and authority over the company.
In the 1890s it became clear that Wilton's lease on the terrain at the Westzeedijk would not be continued by the city council.
This terrain was the Ruigeplaat, a shoal in front of Delshaven, that had been dug through to directly connect Delfshaven to the Meuse again.
Bartel Jr. opted for an expansion strategy to profit from the huge growth of the Rotterdam port following the completion of the Nieuwe Waterweg and the economic expansion of Germany.
In his vision one should stay ahead of the competition by having the best technical equipment on the most economical place (the Westkousdijk).
On 3 September 1898, a few weeks before he died, the Bartel Wilton Sr. laid the first stone for a big new factory to build boilers.
On the slipway it grew slowly, but in drydock it exploded to more than ten times the amount on the slipway.
In 1911 an agreement with the Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en spoorwegmaterieel, later named Werkspoor, resulted in a license to produce Diesel engines for ships.
It was launched in 1915 by the NSM from a special slipway in Schellingwoude just outside the Oranjesluizen, because it was too broad for the North Sea Canal.
The latter was supported by the Holland America Line, which foresaw that it would employ very big ships in the near future, and was looking for a docking facility.
In 1917 construction of a harbor on the terrain started, but the company did not move to the new grounds till after the war.
The company would build a double fixed drydock for building very big ships, the first of its kind in the Netherlands.
If this new method of construction would prove effective another fixed drydock would be built for constructing ships of 300 m. A huge floating drydock of 40,000 tons would complete the picture.
The ambition to have a huge floating drydock was realized by buying the floating dock that Blohm + Voss had started to construct for the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
In April 1921 the dock was taken into use when it received the SS Rotterdam (1908) of 36,870t displacement, the biggest Dutch ship.
At 165 m by 130 m it was supposed to be the largest of its kind in Europe with regard to total surface as well as surface spanned by its concrete arcs.
From 1920-1928 the number ships in the drydocks grew from 331 to 486 while the tonnage grew from 1,346,896 to 2,506,609 R.T.B.
The board of the company had the ambition to bring the ship and engine construction activities of the company to the same height as that of the ship repair activities, but this was not so simple.
In ship repair the excellent location, facilities, reputation and skill of her employees put the company ahead of foreign competition and led to good margins.
In October 1925 a newspaper wrote that in a practical sense the yard at Schiedam was not yet in use, and called it a monument for the foolish investments by war profiteers.
Indeed in 1924 Wilton had received a first significant order from the navy department for HNLMS Soemba, and in 1925 four ships had been laid down for the KPM, but this was way below the capacity of the location.
The act of finishing the Statendam kind of completed the transformation of the company, that began to look very much like her competitor Fijenoord.
Nevertheless, Wilton still had an advantage in ship repair, and Fijenoord was still ahead in ship construction, especially for the navy.
In early January 1887 the tugboat Paul broke through the ice blocking the inland waterways Amstel, Hollandse IJssel from Rotterdam to Amsterdam.
In February 1891 the line waited till a group of companies came up with enough money to pay for her ice-breaking services.
The founders were Bartel Wilton Sr, his sons Bartel Wilton jr and John Henry Wilton, and Wilton Engineering and Slipway Company, known as 'Firma B. Wilton' at the time.
The company took 42 shares, and paid for them by bringing in six tugboats; the Paul, Henry, Hugo, Max, James III and Willem.
Pyin-O-Lwin town is a favourite destination for the tourist since, it is located on the main road and railway line from Mandalay to Lashio.
Nwe Darli Tun (; also spelt Nwe Darli Htun, born 25 July 1987) is a Burmese actress and model of Shan Descent.
Nwe Darli Tun was born on 25 July 1987 in Yangon, Myanmar to parent Tun Ei and his wife Nwe Nwe Oo.
Her hard work as a model and acting in commercials was noticed by the film industry and soon, movie casting offers came rolling in.
Set in Tonnerre, Yonne, it tells the story of a rock musician who moves back in with his father and falls in love with a young girl.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 83% based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 7.25/10.
The 1995 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 29 July - 5 August 1995 at the Manchester Velodrome.
It was the first championships held at the new Manchester Velodrome following British Cycling moving their headquarters to the National Cycling Centre, Manchester, in November 1994.
Steve Paulding was awarded the Keirin title after Shawn Lynch was stripped of the title following a positive drugs test during an event in June.
2 in 2001 on charges of attempting to change the constitutional order in accordance with Article 146 of the Turkish Penal Code.
Within the scope of the campaign, a 35-minute documentary film, released by Grup Kizilirmak, was directed by Nesrin Cavadzade and Hüseyin Karabey.
The film focuses on the health problems of prisoners and inmates held under F-Type isolation based on the example of Erol Zavar.
Janet Yellen wrote the introduction of the book; she was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley who advised Shan on his work.
The memoir first details the author's experience, beginning at age 15 in 1969, in the Construction Army Corps in the Gobi Desert during the Cultural Revolution.
In the book he stated that his English learning was done through radio broadcasts that were not allowed under the rules.
Beginning in 1980 he studied at University of San Francisco, making him one of the first post-Cultural Revolution US-based Chinese students.
Shan conducted promotional activity for this book in his city of residence, Hong Kong, as well as New York City in the United States and London in the United Kingdom.
The Association of Partisans of the Free Territory of Trieste (, abbreviated APTLT, ) was an organization in the Free Territory of Trieste for veterans of the World War II anti-fascist partisan movement.
The Soviet-Yugoslav split provoked a division in the organization, leading to the existence of two parallel APTLT associations; one pro-Soviet (known as the 'Vidalian' APTLT) association and one 'Titoist' association.
The 'Titoist' APTLT held a conference in January 1950, which elected a Central Committee consisting of , , , Ljubo Černe, Doro Furlanic, Giuseppe Grzancic, Antonio Gurian, Paola Jelcic, Mirko Kosmina, Giuseppe Sancin, Edoardo Krzinič, Emilio Legisa, Bruno Marassut, Erminio Medica, Alberto Pernarčič, Sergij Pečar, Jože Sancin, Jože Sabadin, Mario Santin-Valter, Gior­dano Sorta, Drago Stoka, Boris Tence, Vittorio Tinelli, Plinio Tomasin and Celestino Valenta.
Walter Clive Clark (22 October 1927 – 21 November 2019) was a New Zealand zoologist who specialised in the study of nematodes and pycnogonids.
Born in Christchurch on 22 October 1927, Clark was the son of Clive Harold Clark and Ellen Martha Clark (née Baldwin).
He had his early education at Bruce Bay, where his academic potential was first recognised, before moving back to Christchurch about the end of 1942.
He was an assistant lecturer in biology at Christchurch Teachers' College from 1954 to 1955 and an assistant lecturer in zoology at Canterbury from 1956 to 1957.
He was then a principal scientific officer in nematology in the entomology division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in Nelson from 1957 to 1964.
The DSIR supported Clark to undertook doctoral studies, and he completed a PhD at Imperial College London, supervised by Bernard Peters and Charles Potter, in 1961.
Clark was appointed professor of zoology at Massey University in 1964, but in 1967 he returned to Department of Zoology at the University of Canterbury as a reader (equivalent to associate professor).
Among the research students supervised by Clark was Gregor Yeates, who completed his PhD on the ecology of nematodes in sand dunes in 1968.
Markosian has previously taught at Lawrence University, University of New Hampshire, West Virginia University, Bay Path College, University of Hartford, and Western Washington University.
He was also written on ethics, epistemology, decision theory, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, and history of philosophy.
In 2017 he co-founded of the Yerevan Academy for Linguistics and Philosophy (YALP), an annual intensive summer school of analytic philosophy and theoretical linguistics hosted by the American University of Armenia.
In 2019 Markosian, along with dozens of other philosophers, signed a list of proposals cfor what individual philosophers and departments can do to prevent harassment and support victims of sexual harassment in academia.
In 1976 together with Bobby Angel she won a SARIE for vocal group and in 1979 together with Lance James she won the same award.
The 2019 Women's Beach handball at the World Beach Games will be the first edition of the tournament, held at Doha, Qatar from 11 to 16 October 2019.
Double marginalization is an economic phenomenon that occurs when two firms with market power (i.e., not in a situation of perfect competition), at different vertical levels in the same supply chain, apply a mark-up to their prices.
This double markup induces a deadweight loss, because the end product is priced higher than the optimal monopoly price a vertically integrated company would set, thus leading to underproduction.
The double markup means that the overall profit of companies is lower, consumers have to pay a higher price, and a smaller amount is consumed.
In a monopolistic situation with a single integrated firm, the profit-maximizing firm would set its price at p = 6, resulting in a quantity of Q = 4 and a total profit of 16.
Not only the total profit is lower than in the integrated scenario, but the price is higher, thus reducing the consumer surplus.
It should also be noted that some of the solutions presented above, such as mergers or cartels, are damaging in horizontal competition but positive in vertical competition as described here, as they have the advantage of preventing the double markup.
It was the last edition where the 200 metres was contested as the last event of the pentathlon before being replaced by the 800 metres in 1979.
Reginald Harold Bungay (5 February 1911–1986) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bristol City, Mansfield Town and Plymouth Argyle.
Takahashi received a bachelor's degree in engineering in 1993 and a master's degree in engineering in 1995, both from Toyohashi University of Technology.
After working as a researcher at the University of Tokyo and at Saitama University, he joined the University of Tsukuba in 2001.
His work on the computation of Pi has inspired his former student Emma Haruka Iwao, who broke a new record on March 14, 2019.
In 2011, he was part of a team from the University of Tsukuba that won the Gordon Bell Prize of the Association for Computing Machinery for their work simulating the quantum states of a nanowire using the K computer.
He is also known for his research on the Fast Fourier transform, and is one of the developers of the HPC Challenge Benchmark.
He was descended from a branch of an important family of rabbis of Italian origin who immigrated from Casale Monferrato in the seventeenth century.
From the Italian branch important rabbis were born such as Rav.Eliseo Graziadio Pontremoli (Great Rabbi of Nice), Rav.Gabriel Pontremoli (Chief Rabbi of Turin), Rav.Chakam Esdra Pontremoli (Rabbi of Vercelli).
Ryton is a hamlet and former civil parish from York, now in the parish of Habton, in the Ryedale district, in the county of North Yorkshire, England.
Ryton was formerly a township in the parish of Kirby Misperton, from 1866 Ryton was a civil parish in its own right.
Mathilde was a musician and suffragette, and was imprisoned twice, also for smashing windows, and was a founder of London's women's chess club and active vegetarian.
Born Elsie and sister Mathilde Wolff Van Sandau (also known as 'Matilda') were the granddaughters of Dr. E. Schwabe, private chaplain to the Duchess of Kent.
Mathilde was a pianist, a music teacher and became a founder member of the London Ladies Chess Club, and became a leader in vegetarian groups.
They were among the three hundred women brutally attacked by police and men in the crowd for about six hours, on what is known as 'Black Friday' on 18 November 1910, when the women's deputation approached the House of Commons but were prevented from entering.
Elsie's activism included joining the two hundred women, organised on 1st and 4 March 1912, to carry out what was a second wave of window smashing protests in Covent Garden, London.
This took place at the same time as the Parliament was debating a Conciliation Bill (for some women to get the right to vote, which was not passed).
Meanwhile, Mathilde, with Katie Mills, was arrested for smashing the windows of the Howick Place Post Office: postal services were seen by suffragettes as a 'symbol of oppressive male government'.
Suffragettes on hunger strike were frequently force-fed and objected to this 'treatment' as well as being treated as criminals not as 'political' prisoners.
A roll-call of those being released, excluding Patricia Woodlock, who got a longer sentence was created (probably for the WSPU welcome event).
The presentation box was inscribedELSIE WOLFF VAN SANDAU - BY THE WOMEN'S SOCIAL & POLITICAL UNION IN RECOGNITION OF A GALLANT ACTION, WHEREBY THROUGH ENDURANCE TO THE LAST EXTREMITY OF HUNGER AND HARDSHIP, A GREAT PRINCIPLE OF POLITICAL JUSTICE WAS VINDICATED.National Archive record lists suffragette prisoners, including Elsie and Mathilde Wolff Van Sandau, who were officially pardoned when the WSPU discontinued militancy at the start of World War One.
In 1895, Mathilde had set up one of the first women's chess clubs, being elected as the first vice-president of the London Ladies Chess Club, which initially had to compete against men's clubs.
Mathilde also advertised her music teaching and performances and availability for a more formal school engagement in the chess club magazine.
In 1897, Mathilde, a confirmed vegetarian was among those who performed to an audience of 700, at the 4th International Vegetarian Congress in London.
Later in her life, Mathilde Wolff van Sandau was chosen to be the honorary secretary of Brighton and Hove Vegetarian Society.
How the Wollf Van Sandau sisters lived during or after the First World War, and when and where they died is not known.
Elsie's Hunger Strike medal came to light in a drawer in a home in East Sheen, London a hundred years later, and it was auctioned in Derbyshire in June 2019.
Hiyya Pontremoli was born in Smyrna from the famous rabbi Benjamin Pontremoli; he was an important rabbi of the Turkish Jewish community in the 19th century.
He was descended from the branch of an important family of rabbis of Italian origin who had immigrated to Casale Monferrato in the seventeenth century.
The first production included Francesco Borosini in the title role, Antonio Bernacchi (Tamerlano), Marina Benta Bulgarelli (Asteria), Faustina Bordoni (Irene), Diana Vico (Andronico), Antonio Piasi (Clearco), Battista Roberti (Leone) and Girolamo Bartoluzzi Regiano (Zaida).
Three versions of the work are known, but it is only the 1719 one for which all the music is known to have survived.
The original libretto by Agostino Piovene was extensively rewritten by Ippolito Zanelli - the role of Bajazet was expanded and made central to the new work, with his suicide now shown on stage rather than merely described.
The libretto Handel eventually used was written for him by Nicola Francesco Haym and amalgamated elements from Gasparini’s libretto from both 1711 and 1719.
Gasparini’s 1719 score may have been performed once of twice after the Reggio Emilia production, but the work was then neglected until 2014, when it was revived by Auser Musici and performed at the Opera Barga Festival.
At the time of the murders, however, it was determined that he was fully aware of his actions and did them by his own volition, the motive always being robbery.
The motive appeared to be robbery, as a small sum of 200 liri were found to be stolen from her home.
Mangion confessed to stalking the woman to her home on the day of the murder and knocking on her front door.
He stabbed her and went to get the money, but, realizing that she had died from her injuries, proceeded to flee the scene.
On October 30, 1986, 68-year-old Magrin, who lived only a few doors down from former President Ugo Mifsud Bonnici in Cospicua, heard a knock on her door and opened without asking who it was.
Three men, Mangion and uncle-nephew duo Leli and Oswaldo Spiteri, entered into the house and demanded that she gave them all her money.
Maria guided them through the house with a torchlight, as there was no electricity, and handed them a sum of around 15,000 Euro.
Magrin was then stabbed 13 times by Mangion, to prevent identification, as none of the criminals had worn masks, before all of them left.
After he swallowed some pills and drank some pills to pluck up courage, he rang the Cassars' doorbell, surprising Giuseppa with a knife when she opened the door.
He stabbed her in the stomach and right arm, but she managed to fight back, calling upon her brother for help.
When he saw the Cassar lying bleeding on the ground and his T-shirt covered in blood, he got frightened and fled, disposing of his knife and T-shirt in a reservoir at President Anton Buttigieg Street.
During a November 26, 2002 hearing, jurors determined that he was sawn at the time of the murder, and on January 5, 2004, at the beginning of his jury trial, he pleaded guilty.
The other murders remained a mystery until a year after Mangion's conviction, when he implicated himself as the one responsible to several inmates at Corradino prison, one of them being Steven Spiteri.
He also implicated the Spiteris, but, by then, Leli had already died in 2000 and Oswaldo had committed suicide, hanging himself while in custody.
At some point during the trial proceedings, one inspector inquired about two peculiar tattoos Mangion had on each ear: one had the letter 'S', while the other had a 'K'.
On June 23, 2010, Silvio Mangion was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Rozina Zammit, and was given another life sentence for the murder of Maria Magrin at a later date.
In 1781, at the request of intendant Louis Bénigne François Bertier de Sauvigny, architect Jacques Cellerier offered to re-build the nave and the belltower without altering the foundations.
Since March 2018, he has served as Assistant Commissioner Specialist Operations of the Metropolitan Police Service, and the National Police Chiefs Council lead for counter terrorism policing.
He is the most senior police officer of Asian heritage: his father was from Kolkata, India and his mother was from Wales.
Rachna Banerjee, also known as Rachana Banerjee, is an Indian film actress who has appeared predominantly in Bengali and Odia films along with a few films in Telugu , Tamil & Kannada.She was 1990 Miss Kolkata and has won five beauty contests in India.
The Osorkon Bust, also known as the Eliba'l Inscription is a bust of Egyptian pharaoh Osorkon I, discovered in Byblos (in today's Lebanon) in the nineteenth century.
Like the Tabnit sarcophagus from Sidon, it is decorated with two separate and unrelated inscriptions – one in Egyptian hieroglyphics and one in Phoenician script.
It was created in the early 10th century BC, and was unearthed in 1881, very likely in the Temple of Baalat Gebal.
First the bust, on the chest of which stood at the front, on the belt there was the rest of the cartouches, and on the rock pillar.
Mohammad-Javad Jahromi was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury because of his role in Internet censorship in Iran.
The ministry had to order a range of ISPs and mobile data providers to stop providing users with international network and connect to NIN.
Although Global network was not accessible, Local services including banks, state-run messaging apps, and ride-hailing apps continued to operate through National Information Network.
Iran's largest mobile network operators, including MCI, Rightel and Irancell, fell offline on the evening of 16 November .The Internet blocking gradually increased until the country reached the point of total shutdown.
The Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU), in German Rhein-Main-Universititäten, is a strategic alliance of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main and Technische Universität Darmstadt.
The cooperative study programmes are study programmes offered by two of the partner universities and consist of courses at both universities.
The RMU study programme is an extension of an independent study programme and is intended to allow students from the universities to take part in courses at other universities.
He was a finalist in Swedish Idol 2019, broadcast on TV4, alongside Freddie Liljegren, and was ultimately declared the winner in the final.
As a result of his victory, he got to release his single as a CD single as well as on the iTunes Store.
Tan Tjin Kie, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen (January 25, 1853–February 13, 1919) was a high-ranking bureaucrat, courtier, sugar baron and head of the prominent Tan family of Cirebon, part of the ‘Cabang Atas’ or Chinese gentry of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
He is best remembered today for his lavish, 40-day-long funeral ceremony of 1919, reputedly the most expensive ever held in Java.
The institution of Chinese officers was a civil arm of the colonial bureaucracy, through which the Dutch authorities governed their Chinese subjects in the Indies.
Through his father, Tan was a grandson and grandnephew of Cirebon’s earlier Chinese headmen: Tan Kim Lin, who was Kapitein from the early 1830s until his death in 1835; and Tan Phan Long, who was Kapitein from 1836 until his retirement in 1846.
In line with Chinese naming conventions, he acquired at least three other known names over the course of his life in addition to his birth name, Tjin Kie, which was taboo to younger family members.
On his father’s death in 1884, Luitenant Tan Tjin Kie was passed over in the succession in favor of an older Chinese officer, befitting the established custom of the time.
That year, however, saw the elevation to the post of Luitenant der Chinezen of Tan’s two in-laws, the cousins Kwee Keng Eng and Kwee Keng Liem, husbands respectively of the Luitenant’s sister Tan Oen Tok Nio and cousin Tjoe Soei Lan Nio.
In 1886, another in-law, Aw Seng Hoe, husband of the Luitenant’s cousin Tan An Nio, was appointed as Luitenant der Chinezen of Majalengka.
When the Captaincy again became vacant in 1888, Luitenant Tan Tjin Kie, aged 35, finally succeeded to the headman post of Kapitein of Cirebon, an office once occupied by his father, granduncle, grandfather and great-grandfather.
In 1909, the Dutch authorities awarded the Kapitein with the Gouden Ster voor Trouw en Verdienste, the highest rank in the colonial equivalent of the Order of the Netherlands Lion.
A hallmark of Kapitein Tan Tjin Kie’s tenure was his management, in Cirebon, of the Java-wide communal infighting of 1912 between local Chinese and Arabs.
Tan negotiated a peace deal with leaders of the Arab community, and – in a widely applauded and brave move – led a procession of 50 Chinese community leaders to Cirebon’s Arab district to confirm the agreement.
In so doing, the Kapitein was widely credited with the maintenance of peace and order in Cirebon, which contrasted with the many lost lives in the rest of Java.
This rare mark of esteem was only once awarded in the whole history of the Chinese officership of Cirebon; unlike the colonial capitals of Batavia, Semarang and Surabaya, Cirebon's Chinese community was normally headed by a Kapitein instead of the higher-ranked Majoor.
The Tan family of Cirebon lived as part of the royal courts of Cirebon for generations, and were keen patrons of Javanese art and culture.
The latter visited Majoor-titulair Tan Tjin Kie a number of times, including in 1916, when the Susuhunan stayed at the Majoor’s palatial residence in Loewoenggadjah.
As the highest-ranking Chinese bureaucrat in Cirebon and head of the city’s oldest bureaucratic Chinese family, Majoor-titulair Tan Tjin Kie supported many social causes.
Within the local Chinese community, he continued the long association between the Chinese officership and , Cirebon’s most important Chinese temple.
In 1889, he inaugurated a plaque to celebrate the temple’s renovation under his patronage, noting that an earlier renovation was completed in 1830 under the auspices of his great-grandfather, Kapitein Tan Kong Djan.
Similarly, he was also the founder and Bechermheer of the Confucian revival and educational organization Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan in Cirebon.
By his wife, Ong Hwie Nio, Tan had two sons, Tan Gin Ho and Tan Gin Han, and a daughter, Tan Ho Lie Nio.
His eldest son, Tan Gin Ho, and his son-in-law, Kwee Tjiong In, served as Luitenants der Chinezen, the former from 1898 until 1913, and the latter from 1907 until 1910, then again from 1913 until 1920.
His younger son, Tan Gin Han, married Phoa Kiat Liang, a grandniece of the community leader Phoa Keng Hek, and a great-granddaughter of Phoa Tjeng Tjoan, Kapitein der Chinezen of Buitenzorg.
The late Majoor’s magnificent, 40-day-long funeral ceremony was reputed to have been the most expensive ever to have been held in Java.
Accompanied by a platoon of police officers sent by Johan Paul, Count van Limburg-Stirum, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, there was a four-horse carriage with a portrait of the deceased.
After a procession of members of various organizations and schoolchildren under the late Majoor’s patronage, his coffin arrived in a four-horse carriage, pulled in addition by 250 coolies in uniform.
Pavel Vyacheslavovich Korzhavykh (, born 6 September 1987) is a russian martial artist who reprezents his native country Russia in sport jujitsu (JJIF).
As a 10 years child he begun sambo and judo in his native village Polyany in Vyborgsky District under the coach Vladimir Podsitkov.
He begun sport jujitsu during his studying at Saint Petersburg Mining University about 2005 and soon became member of young russian ju-jitsu team.
He is winner of World Games in Cali from 2013 and six times individual world champion – 2008, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016 in discipline fighting system, 62 kg and 69 kg weight category.
Hussain Nihan (born 6 July 1992), known as Niheart is a Maldivian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Maziya.
He joined Victory Sports Club in the year 2013 and went on to play for them until signing for Club Valencia in 2015.
Nihan played a vital role in Valencia's 2016 Maldives FA Cup win, helping them to lift the FA Cup trophy after 12 years.
Nihan was first called up for Maldives national football team in 2018, making his debut in an international friendly against Singapore, replacing Mohamed Umair at stoppage time in the second half.
Despite being an unused sub in the group stage, he started in the semi-final and final against Nepal and India respectively.
2018 SAFF Championship Final against India was his first 90 minutes in national colors, in which Maldives beat India 2-1, to become the second nation to win the tournament more than once.
Lucky Night (Italian: Notte di fortuna) is a 1941 Italian comedy film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Peppino De Filippo, Leda Gloria and Vera Bergman.
A small town pharmacist's clerk goes to a San Remo casino and wins a major fortune in a single night of gambling.
For the residents of Warsaw, Annopol is known for being a tram terminus, with several Warsaw tram lines stopping here, and it is also an industrial centre.
In the second half of the 19th century, on the territory of the Marywil farm, a fortress was erected here, known as Fort XIV Marywil or Pelcowizna.
There are now warehouses and office complexes in Żerań Park and Żerań Park II, and Coca-Cola has its Polish headquarters on Annapol Street.
In 2017 Copa Perú, the club classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Atlético Grau in the Round of 16.
In the 2018 Copa Perú, the club classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Deportivo Garcilaso in the Second Round.
She started in the beauty industry as a teenager finding acceptance for being a young gender non-conforming, gay, Black man in the South.
Atlanta is the state’s capital, and at around age ten, Lawrence was a House page on the floor of the Georgia House of Representatives.
They tried all those things and they were of that era.” Later, when in high school, she was made to join the football team, the locker room being the only aspect she enjoyed.
Lawrence herself was in musical theatre, and the performing arts in high school but said she did not feel accepted compared to other students.
In her teens she toured Europe as part of a musical group but did not feel comfortable in the tuxedos they wore.
It's a very freeing space.” She has loyalty to women, as they were first to accept her, beginning with her mother and sister.
In interviews, Lawrence talks about the history of, and her involvement in drag ball culture, a social network of houses for mainly Black and Hispanic LGBTQ youth.
Lawrence owns Pressed For Time, a midtown salon, and Lawrence Washington Salon, both in Atlanta; over time she built up a clientele including corporate professionals.
In a March 2013 interview Lawrence revealed that she had declined the 360 deal to be signed to Burris’ Kandi Koated Entertainment instead of a traditional recording contract.
Lawrence reasoned it was unfair as she would not be getting any signing bonus, and was developed as a singer with vocal training, and as an artist before the two met.
They were concerned if the ratings would be enough, given the late time slot and the show being hosted by two flamboyant gay black men and a full-figure woman, but according to Lawrence they never dipped below 700,000 viewers.
BET’s event was packed with Black celebrities, and was a celebration of Black culture; the crowd celebrated the historic first Black president unaware that Trump would become his successor until a few weeks later.
The film will cover Holiday’s career as she was under federal drug investigation, her addiction issues, struggles with fame and love affairs.
In June 2017, Lawrence was a featured speaker in New Orleans at the 2017 Essence Music Festival—the nation’s largest event celebrating African-American culture and music—on the Beauty & Style stage talking about gender fluidity in fashion.
In September 2017, at the Pure Heat Community Festival (PHCF), a part of Atlanta Black Gay Pride, Lawrence was presented a PHCF Legacy Award by Jaime Balenciaga.
Also in September 2017, Lawrence was honored as a LGBTQ influencer at the 6th Annual Gentleman's Ball for her commitment to social change within the LGBTQ community.
In January 2019, Lawrence’s work on Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms’ LGBTQ Advisory Board, her mentorship as house mother for the House of Balenciaga, as well as her acting work, were honored by a Georgia House of Representatives proclamation from queer Representative Park Cannon.
In July 2019, Lawrence was one of three panelists on the Gender Justice Matters Fireside Chat in Detroit for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People‘s national conference talking about LGBTQ issues.
Max (Luis Arrieta) is a nerd and designer who has Mónica (Cassandra Ciangherotti) as a girlfriend, nothing spectacular; In fact, so annoying that the protagonist is fed up with her but does not know how to end the relationship because when he tries, he always ends up in bed with her.
They were included on Crass' 1980 compilation album Bullshit Detector and in 1982 recorded a Peel session for BBC Radio 1.
Prior to forming the band, Sharp-Weir and Holmes had played together in local punk rock bands including the Jackets and Terminal Boredom.
They formed the band in 1979 with Phil Smith and Dicky Walton while attending Temple Moor High School, under the name Icon.
After sending a home-recorded demo to the members of the Crass, they were including on their 1980 compilation album Bullshit Detector.
In 1982, the pair entered the studio half-heartedly, with Sharp's sister and Holmes' wife, Caroline Holmes and her younger sister Bev Smith on vocals and took on the name Icon A.D.
They soon recruited bassist Roger Turnbull of Leeds post-punk band F-3 and recommenced performing live, however Caroline Holmes stepped down soon after, leading to Bev Smith being the sole vocalist.
Guitarist Sharp-Weir cited their biggest influence as being fellow-Leeds punk rock band Abrasive Wheels, along with lesser influences like Crass, Killing Joke, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Ramones, AC/DC and Motörhead.
The 244th Neman Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Artillery Brigade (Military Unit Number 41603, 244 abr) is an artillery formation of the Coastal Forces of the Russian Navy.
The story starts with Hetzel tracking a playboy, and then moves onto him taking a case for Palladian Micronics, a robot firm.
Hetzel meets with Palladian's CEO, who cannot understand how a competitor is selling a similar robot at a much cheaper price.
While the CEO does not know how the competitor is beating his price, the clues point to the primitive planet of Maz.
To find the answer to the mystery, Hetzel must penetrate deeper into the primitive zones of the planet, where encounters with the aggressive Gomaz race add to his peril.
United We Stand (Chinese: 飛躍羚羊; Pinyin: fēi yuè líng yáng) is a 1986 Hong Kong teen motivational film directed by Kent Cheng, it stars Olivia Cheng, Fennie Yuen, Gigi Lai and Bonnie Law.The film ran in theaters from October 10, 1986 to October 16, 1986.
Sports in Hong Kong is declining, pressures of an international track and field competition is almost too much for ten young athletes to bear, famous athlete Chi Cheng (Chi Cheng (athlete)) hires trainer Cheung (Olivia Cheng), who leg was hurt badly due to an unfortunate incident, to help them as they train for the competition.
Polly (Gigi Lai) and Lam (Fennie Yuen) are rivals on the same team, they challenged trainer Cheung to a race, they realize trainer Cheung outpaced them a lot, which made them respect trainer Cheung a lot more.
During their training, they entered a small competition and got great results, because of this, they became careless and lost to the Singapore national track and field team in the final.
Their hard work paid off in the end as they won the international track and field competition, giving sports in Hong Kong some hope.
On the Chinese movie review website, Douban, it received an average rating of 7.1 out of 10 based on 378 user reviews.
He had sent a letter to President of Pakistan, Yahya Khan, asking him to deescalate the situation in East Pakistan on 13 March 1971 before the start of Bangladesh Liberation war.
Philip Bowes (born 12 June 1984) is a British professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth super-lightweight title since February 2019.
Bowes made his professional debut on 8 October 2011, scoring a four round points decision over Billy Smith at the York Hall in London.
After compiling a record of 9–0 (2 KO), he faced Joe Hughes for the vacant Southern Area super-lightweight title on 11 October 2014 at the O2 Arena, London, losing via technical knockout (TKO) in the tenth and final round.
He made a second attempt for the vacant Southern Area title seven months later on 16 May 2015 at the York Hall, losing by points decision to former Prizefighter champion Johnny Coyle.
Following six consecutive points decision wins, he then faced Glenn Foot on 27 May 2017 for the vacant English super-lightweight title at the York Hall.
Bowes lost in his third attempt for a British regional title via unanimous decision over ten rounds, with all three judges scoring the bout 95–93.
Following three points decision wins, he fought Benson Nyilawila on 2 February 2019 for the vacant Commonwealth super-lightweight title at the York Hall.
The first defence of his Commonwealth title came a month later on 30 March, against Tom Farrell at the M&S Bank Arena (formerly Echo Arena) in Liverpool.
The fight was aired live on Sky Sports in the UK and DAZN in the United States as part of the undercard for Liam Smith vs. Sam Eggington.
Bowes was set to make the second defence of his Commonwealth title against Akeem Ennis-Brown on 29 November 2019 at the York Hall, with the vacant British super-lightweight title also on the line.
The day before the fight, it was announced the bout had been cancelled due to the British Boxing Board of Control declaring Bowes medically unfit to fight.
Jarosław Włodzimierz Gonciarz (born 28 August 1970 in Czeladź) – is a Polish politician, member of the VIII and IX Sejm from Law and Justice.
This is a list of Assamese language films produced by the film industry of Assam, India based in Guwahati and publicly released in the year 2019.
Robibaar (The Sunday) is a Bengali romance drama film directed by Atanu Ghosh and produced by Sandeep Agarwal released on 27th December 2019 under the banner of Echo Entertainment Private Limited..
Magdalena Joanna Sroka nee Wolter (born 15 July 1979 in Gdańsk) – is a Polish police officer, politician and member of the IX Sejm.
The existing wing, which was integrated with the previous constructions, was built in 1902 by architect Octave Flanneau (1860-1937) in Louis XV style with a mansard roof, for Jules van Dievoet, lawyer at the Belgian Supreme Court, and his wife Marguerite Anspach.
This new wing was an enlargement of an old château which had been inhabited in the 17th century by a certain Henri de La Fontaine who happened to be related to Jean de La Fontaine, the famous fabulist.
Beginning from the general mobilization of September 1938, it served as cantonment to the soldiers in charge of the defense of the valley of the Meuse.
On May 12, 1940, the castle was bombed by surprise by the Luftwaffe, at the same time as the city of Namur.
The oldest parts of the old Château were destroyed, and today only the cellars remain, hidden under a layer of gravel.
In June 1922, the « Les Journaux Réunis de Lille à Roubaix » company bought the château including its grounds of 35 hectares from Marguerite Anspach, widow of Jules van Dievoet.
In 29 October 2019, he released together with Yahya Semlali (Lz3er) and Youssef Mahyout (Weld L'Griya) the track 3acha cha3b (Long Live the People) which was seen by 16 million people in its first month.
Manoj Singh Mandavi is an Indian politician and a member of the 4th Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly, elected from the Bhanupratappur constituency in the 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election.
He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1986 and earned a Master of Arts in Sociology in 1988, both from Government Degree College Kanker affiliated to Ravishankar University Raipur.
Mandavi contested from the Bhanupratappur constituency for the first time in 2003 as an Indian National Congress (INC) candidate, but lost to BJP's Deo Lal Dugga by a margin of only 1379 votes.
In the next legislative election of 2008, now contesting as an Independent candidate, he lost to BJP's Bramhanand by 15479 votes.
In 2013, Mandavi won in the Bhanupratappur constituency as an INC candidate with 64,837 votes, defeating BJP's Satish Latiya and securing 45.98% of the total vote share.
He repeated this in the 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election with 72,520 votes, gaining 49.07% of the total vote share and defeating BJP's Deo Lal Dugga in the process.
Takashi Naoya directed the series at Hoods Entertainment with Tatsuya Takahashi written the scripts, and Kiyoshi Tateishi designed the characters and TECHNOBOYS PULCRAFT GREEN-FUND composed the music.
George Bunker Chapman (1925–2016) was a professor and a pioneer in research of cell biology and ultrastructure using transmission-light and transmission electron microscopy.
He was the first person to see the interior structure of four bacterium species in electron micrographs he produced, described in his Ph.D. dissertation completed in 1953.
Professor Chapman was born in Bayonne, New Jersey on 10 June 1925 and died in Washington, D.C., on 7 September 2016.
In 1943, he graduated from high school and served as a radio man in the United States Naval Reserve in the Pacific Theater in 1944–1945 during World War II.
In 1953–1954, he was a research assistant at Princeton University; 1954–1956, research associate at Princeton (while being employed by RCA); 1956–1960, Assistant Professor of Zoology at Harvard University; 1960–1963, Associate Professor of Anatomy at Cornell University Medical College; 1963–2011, Professor of Biology at Georgetown University; and 2011–2016, Professor Emeritus at Georgetown.
He was the Chair of Georgetown University's Department of Biology from 1963–1990, where he initiated the Department’s graduate program and senior-thesis requirement and increased the size of its faculty.
Under his chairmanship, the Department of Biology welcomed female professors including Rita R. Colwell, Ellen J. Henderson, and Diane Wallace Taylor.
George Chapman taught cytology and histology and electron microscopy to several thousand pre-dental, premedical, and other students and about 250 medical students and mentored about 24 Ph.D. theses and nine M.S.
He performed research on many kinds of cells including those of an alga, bacteria, bees, cnidarians, fish (especially the Channel Catfish), a human, a leech, a phytoplasma, protozoa, a wasp, and a whale, eagerly seeking and working with many scientific collaborators.
He published over 100 scientific papers, was a fellow of the American Society for Microbiology and won two Georgetown Bunn Awards for teaching.
The club was founded in 1984 and play in the Liga 2 which is the second division of the Peruvian league.
In the 2014 Copa Perú, the club classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Cristal Tumbes in the Round of 16.
He is head of the Nanomagnetism and spintronics team at Institut Jean Lamour., a joint laboratory between French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and University of Lorraine.
His research concern the study of nanomagnets and their magnetization dynamic under the influence of different stimulus such as a magnetic field, a current pulse which can generate a spin-transfer torque, or a spin-orbit torque (see spin-orbit interaction), or by ultrashort pulse laser.
His works find application for technology concerning magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) or magnetic data storage on hard disk drive, such as Heat Assisted MagnetoRecording (HAMR technology) which is assisted by a laser beam.
Stéphane Mangin defended his PhD thesis in 1997 at Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble, France, and was a post-doctoral researcher at Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
In 2004-2005, he was an invited researcher at Hitachi GST San Jose Research center California and in 2012-2013, an invited professor at Center for magnetic Recording Research in the University of California, San Diego.
In 2015, he co-founded an International Laboratory on NanoElectronics with Eric Fullerton from University of California, San Diego, Dafiné Ravélosona from Paris-Sud University and Andrew Kent from New York University.
Since 2009, he's been the scientific director of project Tube Daνm (Deposit and Analysis of Nanomaterials under Ultra-High Vacuum), a 70 meter long technological plateform unique in the world.
This tube allow researchers and companies to work under ultra-high vacuum in order to grow material thin film with new properties , allowing for example to consider tomorrow memories .
Krishnapur is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Krishnapur (K) had a total population of 3,594 of which 1,874 (52%) were males and 1,720 (48%) were females.
Anchna High School is a Bengali-medium boys only institution established in 1947, It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
In the next edition of the tournament in 1981, the first ever hat-trick (three or more goals in a match) for India was scored by Shanti Mullick.
In the 1981 edition two hat-tricks were scored, the second one was scored by Shukla Nag in a 8−0 win over Philippines.
Mandakini Devi scored against Sri Lanka, Bembem Devi scored against Pakistan and Naobi Chanu scored against Bangladesh, which helped India to reach the final of the tournament and eventually they won the gold medal.
She scored 7 goals in a 18−0 victory over Bhutan at the 2010 SAFF Women's Championship, which is India's biggest win till date.
Along with Malik, Bala Devi and Tabibi Devi also scored hat-trick in that match, thus became most number of hat-tricks scored in a single match by Indian players.
The most recent hat-trick was scored by Sanju Yadav in a 10−0 victory over Turkmenistan at the 2019 Turkish Women's Cup on 1 March 2019.
Quillian won her first New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts in 2008 with teammates Danielle Nicholson, Marie Richard and Julie Carrier.
This 2-9 record placed them last out of all the teams which meant New Brunswick would be relegated to the Pre-Qualifying Tournament in 2017.
Souls in Turmoil (Italian: Anime in tumulto) is a 1942 Italian drama film directed by Giulio Del Torre and starring Gina Falckenberg, Carlo Tamberlani and Leda Gloria.
Max Julius Leopold Schultze (c. 1881 - 13th April 1955) was a herring exporter and Labour politician who served as Provost of Peterhead from 1936 to 1940.
He was born in Stettin and moved to Peterhead with his parents in 1885 He married Helen Agnes Spence, daughter of crofter from Lerwick in 1909 a He was instrumental in establishing a trading agreement with Soviet Russia in 1932, resulting in the sale of 100,000 barrels of herring.
His son joined the British army, and decided to change his surname to Saunders, and in May 1941 his father followed suit.
Arthur Justin Drexler (13 March 1925 – 16 January 1987) was a museum curator and director of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) for 35 years.
Drexler was born in Brooklynand attended the High School of Music and Art, and The Cooper Union studying architecture and served with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during the Second World War.
Drexler joined the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1951 as Curator of Architecture and Design and was promoted to Director of the Department in 1956 succeeding Philip Johnson.
Over thirty-five years Drexler conceived, organised and oversaw trailblazing exhibitions that not only mirrored but also foresaw major stylistic design developments in industrial design, architecture and landscaping.
During Drexler’s curatorship, MoMA played a central role in examining the work and reinforcing the reputations of twentieth-century architects, among them Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Richard Neutra, Marcel Breuer, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
Drexler explored unexpected subjects: from the design of automobiles (he was the first to include automobiles in art museums) to a reconstruction of a Japanese house and garden.
Drexler’s pioneering shows promoted new ideas about architecture and design as modern arts and left an indelible mark on the course of midcentury modernism.
18 August 1963 ; Çankırı, Turkey ) was the general manager of the Samanyolu Media Group and chairman of the now-closed Samanyolu TV.
Born on 18 August 1963 in Çankırı in Central Turkey, Karaca completed his primary, secondary and high school education in Istanbul.
In 1983, he entered the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir, and did his master's degree there.
He is a member of the High Council of the Press Council, Chairman of the Board of the Television Broadcasters Association and a member of the Izmir Journalists Association.
Karaca was arrested on 19 December 2014 on charges of terrorism and membership of a group that conspired against the religious group Tahşiyeciler after Fethullah Gülen warned against them.
Dom Joseph-Marie, born Ovide Ernest Ursmer Ghislain Canivez (1878–1952), was a Belgian historian of the Cistercian order and a monk of Scourmont Abbey.
He was educated at Bonne-Espérance junior seminary (in the former Bonne-Espérance Abbey) and in September 1899 entered the Trappist monastery at Scourmont, taking the name Joseph-Marie.
Despite his scoring prowess, his relatively short stature led him to being underrecruited by college teams so he signed with coach Keno Davis and Central Michigan.
As a freshman, Rayson averaged 10.7 points per game as a part-time starter and had a 30-point outing in a triple overtime victory over Ball State.
He became a starter as a sophomore and averaged 11 points per game, then raised his scoring to 16 points per game as a junior.
As a senior, Rayson averaged 21.2 points per game, combining with Marcus Keene (30 points per game) to be the highest-scoring duo in NCAA Division I, though the Chippewas finished the season 16-16.
After coming off the bench in his rookie season, Rayson was added to the roster of the expansion team Sudbury Five and immediately made an impact.
In the 2018-19 season, Rayson led NBL Canada in scoring with 24.2 points per game in addition to 4.2 rebounds and 4.8 assists per game.
It was the only school for black children in Morgan County and , the facility is in use as Horizon School.
It was opened by 1921, and in 1927, a new brick building was built on the highest point on Church Street.
Over the years, it was known as George Washington Carver School, Gibbs Street School, East Decatur Colored School and Albany Negro School.
After closing due to integration in 1966, the building was used as a storage facility until 1974 when it was reopened as a developmental center.
The 2005 NCAA Division I softball season, play of college softball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began in February 2005.
The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2005 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and 2005 Women's College World Series.
The Women's College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held in Oklahoma City at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium, ended on June 8, 2005.
Kelly Delaine Brown Douglas is an African-American Episcopal priest, womanist theologian, and the inaugural Dean of the Episcopal Divinity School at Union Theological Seminary.
She was active as a student leader and served on a search committee for a new president of the university in 1976.
In 1985, she was ordained as an Episcopal priest at St. Margaret's Episcopal Church in the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio.
Women's ordination was officially approved in the Episcopal Church U.S.A. in 1976, and the first woman to be ordained in the Southern Ohio Diocese was Doris Ellen Mote.
Douglas was the first black woman to be ordained in the diocese, and one of the first ten black women ordained in the Episcopal Church U.S.A.
At the start of her academic career, Douglas found a position as Assistant Professor of Religion at Edward Waters College in Jacksonville, Florida.
However, she soon accepted an offer to teach at the Howard University School of Divinity, where she was Associate Professor of Theology from 1987 to 2001.
As the Elizabeth Connolly Todd Distinguished Professor of Religion, and later the Susan B. Morgan Professor of Religion, she taught at Goucher for six years, and still retains professor emerita status.
For twenty years, Douglas served as an associate priest at the Holy Comforter Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C. Then, in 2017, she joined the staff of the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., as the Canon Theologian.
Douglas was part of a task force assigned to study the issue and make recommendations on what to do with the windows.
Proxy (A protest, a reflection, a couple of regrets and a rant) is the tenth studio album released by progressive rock group The Tangent.
When she learned that her husband's relics had been found, Jelena returned to the monastery of Šišatovac to pay homage to them.
HD 128429 is a binary star system located at a distance of 88 light years from the Sun in the southern zodiac constellation of Libra.
It has a yellow-white hue and is just barely visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.20.
The system is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −66 km/s and has a high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of per year.
The system is orbiting the through the galaxy with a high eccentricity of 0.62, which carries it from as close as 4.1 out to away from the Galactic center.
When component B evolved along the giant branch, it overflowed its Roche lobe and contributed part of its mass onto what is now the primary.
It is radiating nearly double the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,450 K. The companion has about half the mass of the Sun.
Born in Dublin, O'Connor attended Blackrock College and was part of the team that won the Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup in 2013 and 2014, alongside future Ulster teammate Nick Timoney.
He joined the Leinster academy in 2015, but was released in 2017 to pursue other opportunities, though he continued to play rugby with St Mary's in the amateur All-Ireland League, once playing against older brother Alan, before moving across Dublin to join Lansdowne.
O'Connor moved north to join Ulster on a development contract in June 2019, ahead of the 2019–20 season, and he made his senior competitive debut for the province in their 29–5 win against Welsh side Scarlets on 29 November 2019, coming off the bench to replace Matty Rea with eight minutes to go in the round 7 2019–20 Pro14 fixture.
King's Inch railway station served the town of Renfrew, Renfrewshire, Scotland from 1903 to 1926 on the Glasgow and Renfrew District Railway.
The Bison, led by fifth-year head coach Nathan Davis, play their home games at Sojka Pavilion in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania as members of the Patriot League.
NowMedical is a medical advice company based in London run by Dr John W. Keen, who is also Principle GP at The Bedford Park Surgery, Chiswick.
Nowmedical gives medical advice to housing providers about homeless people qualifying for priority need accommodation and to the British Home Office on fitness to fly.
In 2015 a psychiatrist working for the company who had produced 10,000 reports for local authorities between 2007 and 2015 admitted that they did not meet more than 80% of people whose health they assessed.
The Court found that its approach to reaching a conclusion was flawed as a means of providing information that would help the decision maker.
In November 2019 Keen advised, without seeing her, that a woman with back problems was fit to be deported to Sudan, a journey of up to 15 hours, recommending frequent exercise whilst on board any plane by walking around the cabin.
John Tzibus was killed by an arrow in the neck in 541 AD during the siege of his fortress by the Sasanians, who were now allied with the Lazic king.
When Jūjirō was just born, Jūjirō's grandfather Koretami bought the anger of the Morioka Domain and Koretami was exiled to Tanabe.
In 1857, he was appointed Sanbongi Shinden Goyogakari (new rice field affairs official in Sanbongi).He worked with his father to cultivate and successfully watered the artificial river Ina River.
In 1860, he planned a new town(at the time, This town is now in Towada), Inaoi-chō, in the shape of a 12-town, four-way grid pattern, which is said to be the forerunner of modern city planning.
Depending upon the source, Nitobe Jūjirō and the entire Nitobe clan are descendants of either the Minamoto clan or the Taira clan (specifically, 's branch).
Tsunehide continued inheritance with Tsunechika (常親), Yasutane (泰胤), Tsunesato (常邑), Tsunesada (常貞)、Sadatsuna (貞綱), Sadahiro (貞広), Hiromori (広盛), Tsunemochi (常望) Tsunetada (常忠), Tsunenobu (常信) , and Nobumori (信盛) from generation to generation.
As for the inheritor, Nobumori welcomed the clan, Motoyoshi Narizumi(元良成澄)'s child, Moriyori (盛頼) as an adopted child, and became Nitobe for the first time.
Moriyori continued inheritance with Yoritane (頼胤), Yoshitane (良胤), Tanemochi (胤望), Yorinaga (頼長), Taneshige (胤重), and Tokiharu (春治) from generation to generation.
Ōta Tokitoshi (太田 時敏, 16 January 1839 – 20 January 1915) was a samurai of Morioka and a Sanbongi Shinden Goyogakari (new rice field affairs official in Sanbongi) of the late Edo period.
Depending upon the source, Ōta Tokitoshi and the entire Nitobe clan are descendants of either the Minamoto clan or the Taira clan (specifically, 's branch).
Tsunehide continued inheritance with Tsunechika (常親), Yasutane (泰胤), Tsunesato (常邑), Tsunesada (常貞)、Sadatsuna (貞綱), Sadahiro (貞広), Hiromori (広盛), Tsunemochi (常望) Tsunetada (常忠), Tsunenobu (常信) , and Nobumori (信盛) from generation to generation.
As for the inheritor, Nobumori welcomed the clan, Motoyoshi Narizumi(元良成澄)'s child, Moriyori (盛頼) as an adopted child, and became Nitobe for the first time.
Moriyori continued inheritance with Yoritane (頼胤), Yoshitane (良胤), Tanemochi (胤望), Yorinaga (頼長), Taneshige (胤重), and Tokiharu (春治) from generation to generation.
Boško Božić, nicknamed Pepsi, and also known as Boško Božić Pepsi, (16 December 1952 – 27 December 2018) was a Croatian professional basketball coach.
He founded KK Siget in 1970 as 18-year-old, with a group of friends and basketball enthusiasts, in the neighborhood of his home.
In independent Croatia, the club changed its name to become KK Zagreb, and it achieved its greatest success in 2011, when it won the Croatian League and played in the EuroLeague.
But by that time, Božić was no longer in the leading club structures, because in 1999 he decided to retire after a confrontation with then club president Željko Čović.
He was named the head coach for the Croatia national team in 1999, and led the team at the EuroBasket in France, where our basketball players, led by Toni Kukoč, won the 11th place and Božić ended his term of office.
The November's Story is an upcoming Indian crime thriller web series starring Tamannaah in lead role directed by Ram Subramaniam and produced by Ananda Vikatan which will stream on Hotstar.
Patrik Nechvátal (born July 8, 1992 in Brno) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender for the HK Poprad of the Slovak Tipsport Liga.
King's Inch railway station served the town of Renfrew, Renfrewshire, Scotland from 1903 to 1926 on the Glasgow and Renfrew District Railway.
In the bronze medal play-off match, the Maldives were dismissed for just eight runs, to record the second lowest total in a WT20I match.
Earlier in the tournament, the Maldives lost to Bangladesh by 249 runs, with the Maldives bowled out for just six runs in their innings.
At that time, he told this castle keeper that he was ready to go on a business trip at any time, and listened loudly where thousands of peasants were in trouble.
There was no prospect of being told, and when he continued to push up even if he talked about one thing, he told his opinion that if he cut off two people who moved forward, only a few people would be dispatched.
After Toshitaka's death in 1820, his father thought it was time and filed a white paper with the Morioka clan, along with several samurais, including Tsutō.
However, the white paper was not accepted, and his father was taken up on a semi-land and expelled to Tanabu(now part of the city of Mutsu).
At that time, he decided to make a living as a merchant, went to Morioka to learn commerce, went back to his father's home and started commerce, and went up to Edo at the request of a timber dealer.
Depending upon the source, Nitobe Tsutō and the entire Nitobe clan are descendants of either the Minamoto clan or the Taira clan (specifically, 's branch).
Tsunehide continued inheritance with Tsunechika (常親), Yasutane (泰胤), Tsunesato (常邑), Tsunesada (常貞)、Sadatsuna (貞綱), Sadahiro (貞広), Hiromori (広盛), Tsunemochi (常望) Tsunetada (常忠), Tsunenobu (常信) , and Nobumori (信盛) from generation to generation.
As for the inheritor, Nobumori welcomed the clan, Motoyoshi Narizumi(元良成澄)'s child, Moriyori (盛頼) as an adopted child, and became Nitobe for the first time.
Moriyori continued inheritance with Yoritane (頼胤), Yoshitane (良胤), Tanemochi (胤望), Yorinaga (頼長), Taneshige (胤重), and Tokiharu (春治) from generation to generation.
Around the beginning of the 19th century, the security of Hanamaki Castle became weak due to Nanbu Toshitaka's sovereign reforms due to financial difficulties, so he secretly agreed with several warriors and raised funds for Hanamaki Castle security.
After Toshitaka's death in 1820, he thought it was time and filed a white paper with the Morioka clan, along with several samurais, including his son Nueta (縫太, Nitobe Tsutō).
However, the white paper was not accepted, and he was taken up on a semi-land and expelled to Tanabu(now part of the city of Mutsu).
Depending upon the source, Ōta Tokitoshi and the entire Nitobe clan are descendants of either the Minamoto clan or the Taira clan (specifically, 's branch).
Tsunehide continued inheritance with Tsunechika (常親), Yasutane (泰胤), Tsunesato (常邑), Tsunesada (常貞)、Sadatsuna (貞綱), Sadahiro (貞広), Hiromori (広盛), Tsunemochi (常望) Tsunetada (常忠), Tsunenobu (常信) , and Nobumori (信盛) from generation to generation.
As for the inheritor, Nobumori welcomed the clan, Motoyoshi Narizumi(元良成澄)'s child, Moriyori (盛頼) as an adopted child, and became Nitobe for the first time.
Moriyori continued inheritance with Yoritane (頼胤), Yoshitane (良胤), Tanemochi (胤望), Yorinaga (頼長), Taneshige (胤重), and Tokiharu (春治) from generation to generation.
Additionally, Faraja foundation has done work in agricultural training for young apprentices, launched initiatives to build rainwater tanks for small scale farmers.
Initially, Faraja trust was established to finance many projects in the fields of humanitarian aid and education, engaging predominantly with displaced refugees and those living in slums.
Later, Meienberg purchased land in the Westlands to construct 24 luxury apartments to rent to expatriates, who worked for embassies, the UN, or NGOs.
Currently involved in 50 prisons or correctional institutions, the Foundation aims to improve existing institutions that tackle rehabilitation, by streamlining congestion, improving documentation process, and implementing more concrete rehabilitation programmes.
Seeking to empower incarcerated individuals, Faraja Foundation coordinates with activists at the local and national level, organisation offer training sessions, training paralegals to reach unreached prisons, and campaigning for increased legislative protections in government, such as gaps in CAP 90,92,64,141.
Kamalapur Mosque or Masum Khan Mosque is a square shaped three domed ancient mosque and archaeological site located in Barisal District of Bangladesh.
The walls of the mosque are 1.83 meters thick, 17.22 meters in length to the north-south and 8.08 meters to the east-west.
Laurent Naud (September 11, 1909 to Sainte-Thècle, Quebec, Canada – March 4, 1992 to Sainte-Thècle) was a Quebec businessman (Canada) operating a lumber factory and a building materials business in Sainte-Thècle.
Alfred Naud (married to Marie Hamelin) who then resided at St-Joseph rank, began in 1878 the operation of a sawmill by harnessing the falls at the head of the river desires at the mouth of Lake Travers.
This flour mill was demolished between 1890 and 1898 Alfred Naud became president of the Commission scolaire de Sainte-Thècle on August 28, 1910.
Alfred Naud had built a residence next to the mill; he operated there for a short time the telephone central of the village.
In 1890, one of their sons, Pierre Naud, opened a window and door workshop on the third floor of his residence on rue Masson in the village below Sainte-Thècle.
In 1905, with the business gaining momentum, Pierre Naud then opened a larger workshop by building the workshop next to the house.
Following the death of his father, Laurent Naud (son of Pierre Naud and Émérentienne Perron) then took over the company which will retain the name of Pierre Naud Enr.
In the same year, the window and door factory was restructured, involving the transfer of the Shawinigan and Sainte-Thècle mill to Lac Saint-Jean.
A court in Istanbul sentenced Yıldız to seven years and six months in prison for alleged membership of a terrorist organisation.
Yıldız was originally arrested on 22 July 2016 as part of an investigation into the anonymous Twitter account Fuat Avni, who claimed to be a government insider leaking information on the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP).
On July 24, 2016, a court in Istanbul ordered Yıldız to be detained pending trial, on charges of being a member of an alleged Gülenist terrorist organisation.
He was sentenced to 7 years and 6 months, convicted of belonging to the Gulenist organisation which Turkey's government accused of orchestrating the failed July 2016 coup d'état.
Yildiz was sentenced in March 2018 along with a number of other journalists who were also accused of belonging to Gulen's network.
Other journalists charged in the same case included Ahmet Memiş, Ali Akkuş, Muhammed Sait Kuloğlu, Mustafa Erkan Acar, Oğuz Usluer, Ufuk Şanlı, Cuma Ulus, Mutlu Çölgeçen, Ünal Tanık, Seyid Kılıç and Davut Aydın.
Following this first conviction, Yıldız was further accused of slander by Justice and Development Party (AKP) Bursa MP Efkan Ala. Yıldız appeared in court via the video-conference system SEGBIS.
The Apostolic Nunciature to the Central African Republic is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in the Central African Republic.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
He had attended and received his education from American University in Washington, D.C., where he received a 4 year degree in international management and relations in 2003.
Fro 2006 to 2009, he served as head of the department of the Contracting Division at the government agency Mineral Resource Authority of Mongolia.
In 2009, he left political office and job to become the deputy director for Erdenes MGL, a large state owned enterprise that focused on mining around Ulaanbator.
In 2013, he left Erdenes MGL and joined the board of directors of the state owned enterprise Oyu Tolgoi LLC, a position he held until 2015.
In 2014, he was appointed to the government cabinet as the deputy Minister of Mines, along side his job at Ovu Tolgoi.
In the same year, he was elected to the board of directors for the Mongolian People's Party for the entire year.
In 2016, he was elected as a member of the State Great Khural representing constituency #1 in Arkhangai Province, along side Yondonperenlein Baatarbileg and Jamyangiin Mönkhbat.
The Rosamonde Quartet was founded in 1981 by four students of Jacques Parrenin and Roland Pidoux at the Conservatoire de Paris : Agnès Sulem-Bialobroda (first violin), Thomas Tercieux (second violin), Jean Sulem (viola) and Xavier Gagnepain (violoncello).
Raphaël Hillyer (1914-2010), violist of the Juilliard String Quartet from 1946 to 1969, stimulated them in this project from the beginning.
They have also been taught by Eugene Lehner, violist of the Kolisch Quartet, a friend of Schoenberg and Bartok, who passed on to them the heritage of the Viennese great masters of the early 20th century and the cellist Aldo Parisot as well as the members of the Tokyo Quartet.
It received the Grand Prix du disque de l'Académie Charles Cros in 2005 for its recording devoted to Jacques Lenot's chamber music.
She is the only space entrepreneur in the world to have started companies on three different continents in Asia, Europe and North America.
She completed her bachelor's degree in Electrical engineering from Gujarat University and master's degree in Industrial Design from the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad.
She also served as one of the prominent members of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Aerospace Architecture for over a period of ten years while she was residing in California.
She was nominated to the World Economic Forum's Global Future Council for Space Technologies for a period of three consecutive years from 2016 to 2019.
Kenny was born in London, England, but by 1998 his family had moved to Ferbane in County Offaly, where his father was from.
Kenny attended Gallen CS in Ferbane, but joined Garbally College in his fifth year to further his rugby ambitions, winning the Connacht Schools Rugby Senior Cup with school in 2017 after they beat Summerhill College 13–7.
He joined the Connacht academy ahead of the 2016–17 season and, after completing the three-year academy cycle, he progressed to the Connacht senior squad ahead of the 2019–20 season.
Kenny made his senior competitive debut for Connacht as a replacement in their 20–10 away win against Welsh side Ospreys in round 5 of the 2019–20 Pro14 on 2 November 2019.
Rayan Baghdadi is a Dubai based Iranian model, a former basketballer, he is best known as one of the most popular models in the Middle East, He has modeled for brands like D&G, Ted Baker, Splash, and Bloomingdales.
Rayan used to play Basketball and was a national team player until a leg injury ended his basketball career.He then started to learn how to walk as a model.
After quitting basketball in 2008, Rayan started to model, but it was on a low scale as the modeling industry in Iran was strictly regulated by the Iranian government at the time.
His first show was the Tehran Fashion Week in Tehran, after the show, he was recruited by the modeling agency, MMG, In 2014, he moved to Dubai from Italy where he worked with designer Mariano, he has been in Dubai ever since.
It was originally intended to be shot in 2016, with Samantha Barks attached to play Rebecca Almazoff and Joseph Novak to direct.
The movie was premiered at the Royal Cinema in Toronto on September 9, 2019, during the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival, although not as an in-festival film.
Reviewer Neil Weisensel singled out the performances by Gregg Henry, Marshall Williams, Laura Slade Wiggins, Hayley Sales, Lisa Bell, and Paul Essiembre.
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Beshenets (, born 25 April 1984) is a Russian martial artist who represents his native country Russia in sport jujitsu (JJIF).
He is five times individual world champion – 2010, 2011, 2012, 2017, 2018 and six times European champion in discipline fighting system, 69 kg weight category.
Ohad Elimelech (, born 2 June 1975) is an Israeli artist, photographer, graphic designer, and animator who lives and works in Tel Aviv.
In addition, he has designed many posters, party invitations, and album covers, and his creations have been displayed in a number of galleries.
Ohad Elimelech was born in Nahariya on June 2, 1975. to Yossi Elimelech, a schoolteacher, and his wife Shoshana, a kindergarten teacher.
During his service, Elimelech relocated to Haifa and immediately after his service began his studies at the WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education.
His works combine photography, sketches, drawing, and scans of material and textures which he collects from the urban landscape and processes on his computer.
The work exhibited two series of single works which deal with the body as part of the urban landscape, while using machine parts which merge into a single organic unit that tries to adapt to the new emerging environment.
In 2009, Elimelech along with Avi Haltovsky, designed an official poster commemorating 61 years of Israel independence and the centenary of the first modern Jewish city, Tel Aviv.
London or Paris, Berlin or Southend On Sea is the fourth live album released by the progressive rock group The Tangent.
The DVD consists of a mix of audience video and video shot by the Riga's sound guy, Steve Cattermole, who decided to record the band's concert that night.
She graduated in journalism from the Faculty of Arts in Cairo in 1969, and from the directing section of the Cairo Higher Cinema Institute in 1979.
The 1923 Lincoln Lions football team was an American football team that represented Lincoln University in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1923 college football season.
In their first year under head coach Ulysses S. Young, the Lions compiled a 5–1–2 record and were recognized as the black college national co-champion along with Howard.
Lincoln's first-team honorees were Byrd at quarterback, R. W. Johnson at left halfback, Chris Morgan at center, and J. W. Lancaster in the line.
William Clement (1707 – 15 January 1782) was an Irish academic who spent his whole career at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), teaching botany, natural philosophy, mathematics and medicine there.
He was appointed Lecturer in Botany (1733), Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy (1745–1759), Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics (1750–1759), and Regius Professor of Physic (1761–1781).
Derwenthaugh railway station served the village of Swalwell, Tyne and Wear, England from 1837 to 1868 on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway.
It grew as an independent community, and became the City of Woodlawn, and built a substantial City Hall building in 1908, but was annexed by Birmingham in 1910.
The Woodlawn Historic District in Birmingham, Alabama is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
It comprises much of the original city of Woodlawn, including its city hall, but the district also reflects much development after it was annexed into Birmingham.
The district includes 14 contributing resources already listed on the National Register as the Woodlawn Commercial Historic District, which itself includes the Woodlawn City Hall, already itself separately listed on the National Register.
The core commercial area includes mostly brick buildings, one- to three-stories tall, with architecture representative of late-nineteenth and early twentieth century styles.
The Hawkins, Riley, Eubank and John Smith families arrived in 1815-16 and may have been the first European-descended settlers in the area.
Wood Sr. established the first general store, the first post office (in 1832, when the community was known as Rockville), and first saw mill in the area.
The Wood Family Cemetery holds about 150 graves starting around 1824, including those of seven generations of the Wood family, from Obadiah and Edmund Wood on.
At the start of the Second World War in June 1941, he became head of the Leningrad Military District until September when he became commander of the 8th Army.
He fought against the German Army in Leningrad Strategic Defensive Operation, in the area of the cities of Kingisepp, Luga, Pushkin and Kolpino.
In heavy defensive battles, the enemy was stopped near the cities of Oranienbaum and Kolpino, creating the very important Oranienbaum Bridgehead.
He spent the rest of the war as commander of the Arkhangelsk Military District, White Sea Military District and Belorussian Military District.
It was founded in November 1999 as a citizen platform with the goal of demanding a fair and equal treatment for the province of Teruel.
The platform chose to establish itself as a grouping of electors in order to contest the November 2019 Spanish general election, where it became the most voted party in the province and secured one out of the three Teruel Congress seats and two out of four directly-elected senators.
She changed the design later, basing it on a squirrel, as Nishida said she was obsessed with squirrels at the time.
Nishida is a very private person; she spent the entirety of a 2018 interview hidden behind a giant Pikachu plush doll.
In 2009, he left the office as he was appointed to the cabinet as the Minister of Minister of Food, Agriculture and Light Industries.
In 2016, he was elected in the 2016 Mongolian legislative election to the legislature with 7,036 votes and 51.37% of all votes cast.
Miah Bari Mosque or Korapur Miah Bari Mosque (, ) is a three domed ancient mosque and archaeological site located in the Barisal District of Bangladesh.
According to local tradition, this Mughal architecture style mosque was built by Hayat Muhammad, the zamindar of Umedpur Pargana during the rule of the Nawabs of Bengal in the 18th century.
It was after Hayat's return to Bengal, sixteen years later, in which he built the Miah Bari Mosque taking inspiration from the Kartalab Khan Mosque in Old Dhaka.
The 7th award ceremony of Premios Feroz was held at the Teatro Auditorio Ciudad de Alcobendas in Alcobendas, Community of Madrid, on January 16, 2020.
It is one of the two municipalities in the newly-created Kitagwenda District, the other being Ntara Town Council, where the district headquarters are located.
He was the Regional Commissioner for the Brong Ahafo Region and the member of parliament for the Dormaa-droboo constituency from 1965 to 1966.
Dundalk entered the 1990–91 season having ended the previous season trophy-less for the first time since Turlough O'Connor's debut season as manager in 1985–86.
A number of key players from the Double-winning 1987–88 season had moved on at the end of 1989–90, and they were joined early on by Tony Cousins, who signed for Liverpool in September.
A new look side opened the season with a 7–0 hammering of Longford Town in the Leinster Senior Cup, but some poor results saw early exits in both the Leinster Cup and the League of Ireland Cup.
The 33-round League programme commenced on 2 September 1990, and in the opening match Dundalk were well beaten by Shelbourne, 5–1.
That defeat, after a poor sequence, sparked a recovery and, with the exception of two defeats to newly promoted Sligo Rovers, they went the rest of the season unbeaten.
The league schedule was completed on 21 April 1991 and, in an end of season, winner takes all match in Turner's Cross against Cork City, Dundalk won the title for the eighth time, with the winning goal being scored by cult hero, Tom McNulty.
Dejan Vukčević (, born 9 December 1982) is a Montenegrin martial artist who represents his native country Montenegro in sport jujitsu and at amateur level in judo.
Nicknamed Golijat for his huge frame he begun with judo as child but he has never reached the highest international level in this Olympic sport.
In 2009 his home city Podgorica hosted European championships in sport jujitsu and he was part of Montenegrin ju-jitsu team for first time at age of 27.
Neily Judith Carrasquel García (born 26 July 1997) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Paraguayan club Libertad/Limpeño.
The volcanic history of the Canary Islands started about 80 million years ago and the Canary Islands region is still volcanically active.
The Canary Islands are a long, east-west trending, archipelago of volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Northwest Africa.
The seven main Canary Islands originated as separate submarine seamount volcanoes on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, which is deep in the Canarian region.
Part of the ridge has been submerged and now Lanzarote and Fuerteventura are separate islands, separated by an wide, deep strait.
The Canary Islands differ from other volcanic oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, in several ways – for example, the Canary Islands have stratovolcanoes, compression structures and a lack of subsidence.
In the case of Tenerife, the volcanic edifice of Teide rises about above the ocean floor (about underwater and above sea level).
The age of the oldest subaerially-erupted lavas on each island decreases from east to west along the island chain: Lanzarote-Fuerteventura (20.2 Ma), Gran Canaria (14.6 Ma), Tenerife (11.9 Ma), La Gomera (9.4 Ma), La Palma (1.7 Ma) and El Hierro (1.1 Ma).
Apart from some islands of Cape Verde (another island group in the Atlantic Ocean, about south-west of the Canary Islands), Fuerteventura is the only oceanic island known to have outcrops of carbonatite.
Examples of the following types of volcanic landforms occur in the Canary Islands: shield volcano, stratovolcano, collapse caldera, erosion caldera, cinder cone, coulee, scoria cone, tuff cone, tuff ring, maar, lava flow, lava flow field, dyke, volcanic plug.
Two hypotheses have received the most attention from geologists: (1) the volcanism is related to crustal fractures extending from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, and (2) the volcanism is caused by the African Plate moving slowly over a hotspot in the Earth's mantle.
İstegün's arrest came in the context of the State of Emergency laws which were brought in as a result of the coup attempt.
The series centres on Grace Lee Hardware (Rosen) and Katherine Wryfield (Lorette), the leaders of an all-female cult compound, through the narrative frame of a fictional true crime documentary series profiling the cult's descent into chaos and murder.
The first season was released on the Crave streaming service on December 31, 2019, one day ahead of the promoted release date of January 1, 2020.
The eyes are surrounded by narrow whitish ring and are visible through unpigmented skin as small, dark circles with lighter grey central lens; they are slightly elevated above adjacent skin.
A bright, cream-yellow lateral stripe runs all along the length of the body; it has irregular margins and is interrupted at the first collar.
Another specimen was found at night on a dry pathway on a hill slope, just outside a wet evergreen forest fragment and some 50 m away from the closest water body, a rivulet.
IUCN acknowledged the species as being able to live in agricultural habitat and thereby able to tolerate disturbed habitats, but considered available information too scarce to assess its conservation status.
From November 2016 until 2017 he was homeless, and this experience has resulted in him vowing to focus on housing as his main priority in politics.
Palepoi succeeded Mauga Moimoi (a signatory of the Treaty of Cession of Tutuila) as a high chief, and served as a District Governor.
This was followed by a conviction for illegal possession of alcohol in 1946, and a conviction for smuggling alcohol in 1952.
He was pardoned for his smuggling conviction by the Governor in 1954, allowing him to be reinstated as a chief of Maoputasi.
The library provides the usual services expected of libraries such as lending material, providing reference and research assistance, storytimes, and conversation clubs.
The library was named after Franklin to commemorate his statesmanship, humanitarianism, and friendship with the intention of fostering collaboration and understanding between the two countries.
The Biblioteca Benjamín Franklin was built with an $80,000 grant from the American Library Association and was dedicated on April 13, 1942 and was located at Av.
When the public library was established, it had 3,500 volumes, almost all in English, a problem acknowledged when the library was rededicated on July 25, 1968 and had grown to 90,000 with a quarter of them being in Spanish.
2003 was the latest relocation of the library, where it still provides traditional library services, along with guided tours, tech services for building English language skills, movie nights, 3-D printing services, and karaoke.
It is the only one-day race in the United States part of the UCI ProSeries and with no on-day race in the United States part of the UCI World Tour, it is the highest stature one-day race in the country.
Furthermore, with the Tour of California going on hiatus in 2020, the United States has no event part of the UCI World Tour.
This makes the Maryland Cycling Classic the highest level road cycling race in the United States (highest level one-day and tied with overall highest level with the Tour of Utah.
America's Intercultural Magazine (abbreviated AIM) was a magazine established in 1973 with the intent of working against racism, discrimination, and bigotry in the United States.
Note that the integrand is a product that runs over the edges in the subgraph formula_1, whereas the differential is a product running over the vertices in formula_1.
This definition of homomorphism density is indeed a generalization, because for every graph formula_3 and its associated step graphon formula_12, formula_13.
This notion is helpful in understanding assymptotical behavior of homomorphism densities of graphs which satisfy certain property, since a graphon is a limit of a sequence of graphs.
In some situations, deciding whether such an inequality is true or not can be simplified, such as it is the case in the following theorem.
However, we get a much harder problem, in fact an undecidable one, when we have a homomorphism inequalities on a more general set of graphs formula_22:Theorem (Hatami, Norine).
A recent observation proves that any linear homomorphism density inequality is a consequence of the positive semi-definiteness of a certain infinite matrix, or to the positivity of a quantum graph; in other words, any such inequality would follow from applications of the Cauchy Schwarz Inequality.
Another recent development consists in the completion of the understanding of a homomorphism inequality problem, the description of formula_27, which is the region of feasible edge density, triangle density pairs in a graphon:formula_29Observation 1.
for some positive integer formula_56, then the minimum feasible triangle density is attained by a unique step function graphon formula_57 with node weights formula_58 with sum equal to 1 and such that formula_59.
Pietro Paolo Troisi (29 June 1686 – March or April 1743) was a Maltese Baroque silversmith, sculptor, medallist, designer, engraver and Master of the Mint.
His works include bronze sculptures of his patron António Manoel de Vilhena, designs of various coins and medals, a wide range of mainly religious works in silver, engraved portraits, designs for temporary triumphal arches and designs for works in a number of churches, most notably the altar of repose at the Mdina cathedral.
Pietro Paolo Troisi was the son of Carlo Antonio Troisi and Ninfa née Bison, and he was the second of eight or nine children.
He was born in Valletta on 29 June 1686, and he was baptised at the Porto Salvo parish church on 2 July.
Between 1704 and 1705, Troisi studied at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome, on the recommendation of Grand Master Ramon Perellos y Roccaful.
He also taught drawing of nude figures, and he co-founded a school of design and painting at the Mint in Valletta together with Marc'Antonio Zondadari (who would later become Grand Master of the Order of St John).
Throughout his career, Troisi collaborated with a number of Maltese sculptors and stone carvers such as Pietro Paolo Zahra and the Fabri brothers.
In April 1714, he petitioned Perellos to take his father's place, but remained an assistant until he finally became Master of the Mint in 1736.
Troisi was a member of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in the Carmelite church in Valletta from at least 1713 to his death, and at times he was appointed as the Confraternity's secretary, treasurer or rector.
Troisi drew up his will on 27 March 1743, and he died soon afterwards, either in late March or early April, at the age of 57.
This was a celebration held at Mdina on the occasion of the election of a new Grand Master, in which officials of the city's Università would present the keys of the city to the new Grand Master.
For the occasion, a temporary triumphal arch made out of wood would be built near the Banca Giuratale, and it would be dismantled shortly afterwards.
When Zondadari was elected Grand Master, Troisi was one of four artists who were invited to submit designs of the triumphal arch.
Zondadari was succeeded by Vilhena in 1722, and Troisi was once again commissioned to design a triumphal arch which was to be made by remodelling the 1720 arch.
Troisi made the designs and supervised its construction, while the woodwork was done by Andrea Camilleri and the painting was renewed by Aloisio Buhagiar.
The arches depicted the emblems of the Università and the Grand Master along with a variety of military paraphernalia, while Vilhena's arch also contained his portrait and symbols of the Kingdom of Sicily.
In 1727, Troisi was commissioned by Canon Gourgion on behalf of the Metropolitan Chapter to design an altar of repose for St Paul's Cathedral in Mdina.
This is a moveable chapel intended for the exposition of the Eucharist on Maundy Thursday, and it is erected annually during Holy Week.
Troisi was paid 5 scudi for his design, but other artists were also invited to submit their designs and the altar was not built during Troisi's lifetime.
The chapel consists of a triumphal arch-like portico with stairs leading to a circular space which contains a partial dome and richly decorated walls.
A silver capsure made by Giovanni Andrea Troisi (Pietro Paolo's brother) and Annetto Pullicino serves as the centrepiece of the altar.
He also made engravings on silverware, such as a dish depicting Victory over Land and Sea which was commissioned as a gift on the occasion of a marriage between the Pallavicini and Spinola families.
He is known to have made two busts located at the Magisterial Palace and the Banca Giuratale in Mdina; the latter is now found at the Manoel Theatre museum.
Other portraits of the Grand Master such as a tondo relief at the Magisterial Palace, and busts at the Franciscan convent in Valletta, the Conservatorio in Floriana and the Chancery in Valletta are also stylistically attributed to Troisi, although there is no documentary evidence of this.
The design of a life-size statue of Vilhena which was commissioned by the knight Felician de Savasse in 1734 is also attributed to Troisi.
The statue was cast in bronze by Louis Bouchet, and it was installed in the piazza of Fort Manoel in 1736.
He also manufactured a number of silver religious objects for churches, and details of some of his works are known through transactions.
In 1718, Troisi manufactured an altar antependium for the Archconfraternity of the Holy Cross at the Franciscan Church of St Mary of Jesus in Valletta.
He is known to have produced a number of silver sanctuary lamps, including for the altar of Our Lady of the Rosary at the Senglea parish church in 1719 and for the high altar of St Paul's parish church in Valletta in 1733.
In the 1720s, Troisi made a number of liturgical objects for the Lija parish church, including a case for the consecrated host, a pyx, a chalice and a paten; some of these were gilded in gold.
He also manufactured a silver cross spearhead for the banner of the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary in Lija in 1726, and a reliquary for the Naxxar parish church in 1732.
In 1738, he was commissioned to produce silver cards for the altar of Baby Jesus at the Franciscan Church of St Mary of Jesus in Valletta.
Troisi was Master of the Mint from 1736 to his death in 1743, and he had previously been the assistant to his father who had held the post until his death 1730.
Troisi designed dies of coinage depicting Grand Master Vilhena, and the artistic quality of the gold coins minted during Vilhena's magistracy were never surpassed during the Order's rule in Malta.
He also designed a number of commemorative medals during Vilhena's magistracy, such as a silver medal commemorating the construction of Fort Manoel in 1724.
Troisi also designed a number of reredoses at the Franciscan Conventual church in Rabat between 1710 and 1722, and collaborated with the sculptor Pietro Paolo Zahra and the Fabri brothers on a number of altar reconstructions in the same church along with the parish churches of Balzan and Żebbuġ.
Troisi also designed the reredos of the main altar of the Carmelite church in Mdina and that of the choir altar of the old church of St Mary in Birkirkara.
In the latter, he also designed the choir altar and a monstrance for a relic of the arm of St Philip.
Troisi designed the frame of a marble slab commemorating the consecration of the Parish Church of St George in Qormi in 1731.
In 1735 he produced designs for wood carvings at the altar of St John the Evangelist in the Church of Our Lady of Victories, Valletta.
The film refers to the next day of the Greek financial crisis, when Aris, a desperate man, attempts to leave Greece with an almost wrecked boat.
After being rescued from certain drowning by some Coast Guard men, he returns as a foreigner to his own ruined country.
The world premiere of the film was made on 8 November 2019, at the Thessaloniki International Film Festival Also was in main competition at the 32nd Panorama of European Cinema International Film Festival.
The man that is leaving is a Greek because life in Greece has become unbearable, everything has collapsed, moral values do not exist, the social fabric has been irreversibly broken.
D-glycerate dehydrogenase deficiency or PHGDH is a rare autosomal metabolic disease where the young patient is unable to produce an enzyme necessary to convert 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate, which is the only way for humans to synthesize serine.
In addition significantly shortening lifespan, PHGDH deficiencies are known to cause congenital microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and seizures in both humans and rats, presumably due to the essential signaling within the nervous system that serine, glycine, and other downstream molecules are intimately involved with.
3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase catalyzes the transition of 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate, which is the committed step in the phosphorylated pathway of L-serine biosynthesis.
Nonetheless, the phosphorylated pathway that PHGDH participates in is still suspected to have an essential role in serine synthesis used in the developmental signaling of plants.
Frédéric Gervais Husson (born 5 December 1976) is a French martial artist who represents his native country France in sport jujitsu (JJIF).
As teenager he preferred playing basketball and he returned to martial arts kind of sport at university around of age 21.
Christian Vázquez (born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican actor; best known in his native country for his multiple roles in Mexican films.
He started working as a waiter in a hotel and later began his acting career doing television commercials for different brands.
Barishal Collectorate Bhaban or Barisal Collectorate Bhaban is British colonial administrative building located in Sadar Upazila of Barisal District in Bangladesh.
Her anti-racism stance was reflected in the editorials that she wrote; for example, she praised the activist and church leader Willa Saunders Jones in 1975.
Their son, Myron Apilado, was the vice-president for minority affaris of University of Washington until the year 2000, as well as an editor of AIM.
On August 26, 2004, at age 96, she was interviewed by Larry Crowe of The History Makers, a project that produces oral history material of African-Americans.
The song topped the iTunes charts in Perú on the day of its release and became one of the most streamed songs on Spotify in Perú.
He was invited as a special guest due to the first game of Perú vs Denmark on June 16, 2018 for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Syagrus rupicola is a short species belonging to the palm family (Arecaceae), found only in Brazil, and was first described by Larry Noblick and Harri Lorenzi in 2010.
The leaves of this species has a leathery texture The leaves are approximately 1 meter long and arched with a 3-6 inch crown.
Diocalandra frumenti, commonly known as the palm weevil borer, the lesser coconut weevil, or four-spotted coconut weevil, is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae.
Eggs may be laid among the flowers, in cracks in the leaf or flower stalks, or near the base of the stem just above the adventitious roots.
It has been found that the males emit a pheromone which attract females, and this may make it possible to trap the insects, which are strong fliers, and reduce the level of infestation.
He is the former D.W. and Ruth Brooks Professor Emeritus of World Christianity of Candler School of Theology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia.
Grew up in Tamil Nadu, India, Thangaraj served as a pastor and a theology teacher in India before coming to Atlanta in 1988 to join the Candler School of Theology at Emory University as a visiting professor.
William Ryder (b Mitchelstown 7 November 1790 – d Queenstown, County Cork 26 May 1862) was Archdeacon of Cloyne from 1834 until his death.
The collection owes its existence to two Lincoln University faculty members, Dick Lucas and Mike Smetham, both lecturers in the Plant Science department.
Although Lincoln College had from its earliest days acquired portraits of former principals and other people of note, it did not have a formal collecting policy.
In 1970, the sale of cigarettes and biscuits at morning and afternoon teas in the staff common room had raised a reasonable amount of money, and staff debated how to spend it.
By the end of 1974, an Art Committee had been formed, with Lucas as Chairman and Smetham as curatorial manager, as well as Gavin Daly.
As it was to hang in public spaces for staff and students to appreciate, the work also needed to have aesthetic appeal.
Funding was haphazard until art acquisition budget was formally established in 1987 by Vice-Chancellor Bruce Ross, who made the case to the College Council that art was an appropriate expenditure for what was then an agricultural college.
This was a time of growth for Lincoln, with its change from college to university, the expansion of the library, and the construction of two new lecture theatres.
After 40 years' service, ten years after their retirement, they both stood down from the Art and Heritage Committee in 2014.
Megan Clayton became the chair of the Art Committee, and a $200,000 grant from the Lottery Board Environment and Heritage Fund was secured, supplemented by funds from the University.
This enabled the appointment in 2018 of art curator Fiona Simpson, who began a three-year project to conserve the entire collection.
The Lincoln University Art Collection consists of over 280 works; the oldest dates back to 1639, but most are by New Zealand artists in the 1970s–1990s.
Most of the collection is on display in the George Forbes Memorial Library in Ivey Hall, the Stewart Lecture Block, the Commerce Building, and the Forbes Building.
Thomas Smith (18 October 1823 – 13 March 1869) was a British baker and confectioner who is traditionally described as the inventor of the Christmas cracker, in 1847.
Over the years as an apprentice he learned his trade until he became a master in his craft, experimenting with new designs and ideas in his spare time.
Smith opened his first shop in Goswell Road in Clerkenwell in London's East End in the 1840s where he baked wedding cakes and confectionery on the premises.
When Smith went to Paris in 1846 he came across the French 'bonbon', a sugared almond wrapped in a twist of tissue paper.
His first idea was to include love messages in the wrappers of the sweets in a similar way to that found in fortune cookies.
In 1860 Smith added the 'snap' element, the myth being that he added this when he heard the crackle of a log on a fire.
In reality 'Waterloo Crackers' as they were sometimes called had been around for decades by 1860 after the discovery of silver fulminate by the chemist Edward Charles Howard in 1800 and its further development by Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli in 1802 of a safe way of using it in amusements and for practical jokes.
Walter Smith, one of the three sons of Tom Smith who took over the running of the company after his death, originated the idea of the cracker as we know it today; it was he who decided to include the gifts and paper hats that then differentiated the Tom Smith cracker from that of their competitors.
By the 1890s sales of crackers were so successful that the company was employing 2,000 staff, many of whom were women, and was able to relocate to larger premises in Finsbury Square.
Tom Smith died at his home at 320 City Road aged 46 in 1869 from stomach cancer and is buried in Highgate Cemetery in London.
He was appointed chief of staff of the Governor of Dahomey in 1925, before becoming Acting Governor of St Pierre and Miquelon in 1929, serving until 1932.
He was appointed Resident Commissioner of the New Hebrides in 1932, a post he held until becoming Acting Governor of Tahiti in 1935.
Following the occupation of France in 1940, Sautot the New Hebrides' allegiance to the Free French on 20 July, the first territory to do so.
He sailed to New Caledonia and, greeted by large crowds on his arrival, went straight to Government House and removed Colonel Denis from office.
He was made a companion of the Order of Liberation on 1 August 1941, later also becoming a Commander of the Legion of Honour and an Office of the British Empire.
However, after the new French High Commissioner in the Pacific Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu arrived in 1942, disagreements between the two led to Sautot being deported to Auckland in New Zealand in May 1942.
Marie-Anne Couperin was a 17th-century French organist and harpsichordist and a member of the musically prominent Couperin family, which included generations of famous composers and organists.
Marie-Anne was a cousin of the noted soprano and organist Marguerite-Louise Couperin (born about 1675), and Marie-Anne was aunt to the first woman to be appointed a royal court harpsichordist, Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin (1705 – c. 1778).
The ancient abbey, founded in 1236 by Blanche of Castile, is a Cistercian nunnery located at Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône, in the Val-d'Oise department of France.
Fits and Starts is a 2017 American comedy film written and directed by Laura Terruso and starring Wyatt Cenac, Greta Lee and Maria Dizzia.
The Denial of Saint Peter is a 1650 painting of the Denial of Peter by Georges de La Tour, possibly with some assistance from the painter's son Étienne.
The work's approach is very Caravagist, sidelining the work's supposed main subject and placing the soldiers gaming at a table at its centre.
The gaming soldiers also refer forwards in time to those casting lots for Jesus' clothing at the foot of the cross.
He was born in County Kerry and educated at Trinity College, Dublin Coke-Collis was ordained Deacon on 5 October 1777, and Priest on 21 September 1781.
The Owls, led by first-year head coach Aaron McKie, play their home games at the Liacouras Center in Philadelphia as a member of the American Athletic Conference.
They received a bid to the NCAA Tournament as an 11th seed, where they lost to Belmont in the First Four.
This was Fran Dunphy's final season as Temple head coach, as the school announced on April 13, 2018 that he would step down at the end of the season with top assistant and former Owls star Aaron McKie succeeding him in 2019.
Senior guard Quinton Rose was picked to the preseason First Team All-AAC while junior guard Nate Pierre-Louis was picked to the preseason Second Team All-AAC.
In summer 2021, she will begin cruising in Northern Europe and the Baltic region, before re-positioning to Dubai where she will be based throughout the winter, sailing 7-day itineraries in the Persian Gulf to the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman.
He attended the Sydney selective school of Fort Street High, before serving in the second world war in New Guinea, as a signaller.
Elaine van Kempen, whom he met when she came to work for him in 1985 as his research assistant, and married in 1988.
Sirajganj-6 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Hashibur Rahman Swapon of the Awami League.
Mirnesa Bećirović and Mirneta Bećirović (born 1 November 1991) are twin Austrian martial artists of Bosnian origin who represent Austria in sport jujitsu in the pair discipline Duo System (Kata).
The twins were born in Zvornik, in Bosnia, but when they were eight months old moved with their parents to Pressbaum in Austria because of the war in Bosnia.
They began their martial arts training at the age of 6, and are members of the Jiu Jitsu Goshindo club in Pressbaum, where they have been trained by Robert Horak.
Mount Sampson is a mountain summit located in the Thiassi Range of the Coast Mountains, in the Pemberton Valley of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
The spelling was officially corrected and adopted April 29, 1983, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada to conform with the creek.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The Darmois-Skitovich theorem is a generalization of the Kac-Bernstein theorem in which the normal distribution (the Gauss distribution) is characterized by the independence of the sum and the difference of two independent random variables.
Mohammad Baquer Namazi (; born 3 December 1936) is an Iranian-American former civil servant who served as Governor of Khuzestan Province under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
On October 13, 2015, Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps arrested his son, Siamak Namazi, while he was in the country on business.
The Revolutionary Guards subsequently arrested Baquer as well on February 22, 2016, when he flew into the country to visit his imprisoned son.
The UNAF U-20 Tournament () is a football (soccer) tournament held between nations who are members of the UNAF association, however some other teams which are not members are invited.
ValhallaDSP is a company and brand name for multiple digital reverberator and delay VST plugins for Macintosh and Windows computers made by Sean Costello.
He has co-written academic papers about reverberation, including a 2009 paper about using algorithmic reverberation with the Ambisonics system and a paper about implementing a digital simulation of a spring reverb.
ValhallaDSP was founded in 2009; Sean worked as an audio DSP designer and consultant for about a decade before founding his own company.
Before Valhalla DSP, Sean Costello had his first plugin work made public when he provided four reverb algorithms for the Audio Damage EOS reverb plugin which was initially released in 2009; one of those four algorithms was not available until 2017, when Audio Damage released EOS 2.
Valhalla Room is a reverb plugin which mainly simulates the acoustics of realistic rooms and halls, although it can also be used for special effects.
Valhalla Vintage Verb is an plugin with the sounds of various late 1970s and 1980s digital reverberators, including ones which sound like Lexicon and EMT reverbs.
It is possible to change the decay rate of different frequencies, and the early and late diffusion can have separate settings.
One review feels that while it is excellent for getting the unreal larger than life sound of a classic Lexicon reverb, it does not work as a subtle reverb effect and is not a reverb for every occasion.
Valhalla Shimmer provides a combination of reverberation and pitch shifting, inspired by the sound of some 1980s Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois collaborations.
Valhalla Space Modulator is a plugin, free with the purchase of any other ValhallaDSP plugin, which simulates some kinds of flanging and pitch shift effects.
He was a director of Maison Barrau, one of the territory's major companies, a member of the Chamber of Agriculture and a judge in the Commercial Court.
Blervie Castle is a ruined 16th-century Z-plan tower house, about south east of Forres, Moray, Scotland, and about north east of Rafford.
The property was originally held by the Comyns, and it is thought that there was a royal castle here in the 13th century - the Exchequer Rolls mention repair of the royal castle in anticipation of Haakon IV of Norway’s invasion of 1263.
Julia Bauer is a German operatic coloratura soprano, who has appeared at major opera houses, and also in concert and recital.
Her bird-like movements as the Forest Bird were noted by critics, as well as her portrayal of Freia with a bright voice.
Boaz began his career as a male model for brands such as Abercrombie, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, and runway work in Milan, Italy.
The boulevard gets its name from Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802-1861), a French preacher who was known for re-establishing the Dominican Order in France following the French Revolution.
Open in 1911, it wasn't until the 1960s that the boulevard expanded north of Saint-Zotique Street, keeping up with the demographic growth of the area of the Island.
The 1997 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season.
The Mean Green played their home games at the Fouts Field in Denton, Texas, and competed in the Big West Conference.
Despite a rough season in which North Texas failed to qualify for a bowl game, the 1997 team managed to pull of one of the signature wins in program history on the road over Texas Tech.
The call became a rallying cry for Mean Green fans, and is still prominently used by the university to this day.
In 1992, he founded Edition Wandelweiser with Burkhard Schlothauer, of which he is artistic director, and in 1994 established the Klangraum concert series in Düsseldorf.
She is a James H. Manning Chaired Professor of Chemical Engineering at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and a former Stanford University professor in energy resources engineering.
Wilcox conducts research focused on reducing carbon dioxide and fossil fuels impact on the Earth's climate and finding alternative ways to generate green energy.
Wilcox was born on July 5, 1976, and grew up in a rural part of central Maine in a house that was on 22 acres of land with a stream.
Her parents grew their own food in the summer and maintained a well on the property, exposing Wilcox to an independent living that shaped her appreciation for nature and to not take the Earth's resources for granted.
When Wilcox found out her high school, Oak Hill High School in Wales, ME, didn't offer AP calculus classes, she and three other students successfully convinced their principal to let them teach themselves calculus so they could take the AP exam.
Wilcox also asked her high school Latin teacher to continue teaching her Latin during her junior and senior years as an independent study, which the teacher happily assisted.
The extra efforts paid off as Wilcox was accepted into the women's liberal arts college of Wellesley College in Wellesley, MA.
She enrolled in the Ph.D. program in chemical engineering at the University of Arizona and received both her masters and Ph.D. in four years while continuing to wait tables and teach at a community college.
After receiving her Ph.D. in 2004, Wilcox worked as an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Worcester Polytechnic from 2004 to 2008.
In 2016, Wilcox became an Associate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Colorado School of Mines, assuming the position of the Interim Department Head in 2017.
She also won the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund Young Investigator Award, the Army Research Office Young Investigator Award, the Air & Waste Management Association Stern Award.
Wilcox is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the American Chemical Society, the North American Membrane Society, and the Ninety-Nines (the international organization of women pilots).
Two years later, he accepted the position of head coach at Colerain High School, the high school where he graduated in 1979.
In 16 seasons under his leadership, the Colerain Cardinals football team went to 10 state playoffs, including five state semifinal berths.
In 2007, Coombs accepted the offer from Brian Kelly to join his staff at the University of Cincinnati as the team’s defensive backs coach.
In 2009, Coombs was promoted to associate head coach in addition to his responsibilities as the team’s defensive backs coach and special teams coordinator.
In 2016, the Buckeyes ranked fourth nationally with 21 interceptions, including a nation-high seven interceptions returned for touchdowns, and the team ranked third in the country in passing efficiency defense.
In 2018, Coombs accepted a position to join coach Mike Vrabel’s staff with the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) as secondary (defensive backs) coach.
It was also the first time since 1989 that Coombs coached a team that did not have red as the team's primary color.
The 2018 Titans ranked sixth in the NFL in passing defense (216.9 yards per game), ranked eighth in the league with an opponent passer rating of 88.4, and finished ninth in the league with a 63.2 opponent completion percentage.
This is a list of seasons played by Melbourne City FC (W-League), the women's section of Australian soccer club Melbourne City since its creation in 2015.
Susunia (also called Sushina) is a village in the Manbazar II CD block in the Manbazar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Sushina had a total population of 650, of which 336 (52%) were males and 314 (48%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, Santali, English, philosophy, political science, sociology, mathematics, geology, and general courses in arts and science.
The 1996 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season.
The Mean Green played their home games at the Fouts Field in Denton, Texas, and competed in the Big West Conference.
The 1996 campaign marked the first time North Texas had been in a Division I-A conference since leaving the Missouri Valley Conference after the 1974 season.
The Mean Green had competed as a Division I-A independent from 1975-1982, before dropping down to the Division I-AA Southland Conference from 1983-1994.
Christopher Shea Nickell (born 1958/1959) is an American lawyer from Kentucky who is an Associate Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court.
Nickell earned a Bachelor of Arts from DePauw University in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1984.
On February 6, 2019, Nickell announced he was running for the seat on the Kentucky Supreme Court vacated by the retirement of Bill Cunningham.
He served as an instructor at Murray State University teaching Insurance and Risk Management and he also taught at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill teaching jurisprudence.
He is also a 32 Degree Mason, a Silver Life Member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a Life Fellow of the Kentucky Bar Foundation, a Gideon, and a deacon at Paducah’s Heartland Church.
López-Fabero twice competed in the qualifying draws at Wimbledon and in 1994 won a Challenger tournament in Seville, beating Paolo Canè in the final.
His only ATP Tour main draw appearance came in the doubles at the 1994 Croatia Open, where he partnered with Juan Albert Viloca.
The 2020 UCLA Bruins football team will represent the University of California, Los Angeles during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
He was born to Major Hartvig Kaas Munthe (1766–1830) and his wife, Bolette Christine, née Pavels (1774–1861), the daughter of a minister.
In 1814, he became a First Lieutenant and participated in the Swedish-Norwegian War as a cartographer; mapping the battlefields near Kongsvinger.
In 1825, he became Captain of the Bergen Infantry Brigade, but had to resign his commission in 1830, due to problems with his eyesight.
The visual problems that caused him to resign from the service continued to bother him so, from 1841 until his death, he made his living as a farmer at the family home in Sogn.
He was married four times; to Thora Hansen (1810–1842), then to her sister, Ragnhild Susanne Hansen (1812–1853), followed by Catharine Pauline Suhrland (1823–1869) and Dora Kiønig (1837–1927).
In addition to his nephew Gerhard, several other nephews and nieces were famous; notably the engineer, Hartvig Andreas Munthe, the writer, Margrethe Munthe, and the historian, Carl Oscar Munthe.
Vo grew up in the Perth suburb of Hammersley and attended Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Primary School at Nollamara and then Hollywood Senior High School in Shenton Park.
She joined Channel 9 in Sydney in 2007 where she remained until 2012 when she returned to Perth for personal reasons, and commenced working as a journalist at Channel 9 in Perth.
Deadly Manor, also known as Savage Lust, is a 1990 slasher film directed by José Ramón Larraz and starring Clark Tufts, Greg Rhodes, and Claudia Franjul.
Meikle Wind Farm is a wind farm located in the Peace River region of British Columbia, Canada, between Chetwynd and Tumbler Ridge.
Max Bonnell attended Trinity Grammar School in Sydney (winning the Lawrence Campbell Oratory Competition in 1979) before studying Arts and Law at the University of Sydney.
He was a partner in the Sydney office of the law firm King & Wood Mallesons for 18 years until he joined White & Case in 2017.
He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and a Fellow of the Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.
He has also written a biography of John Walpole Willis, a 19th-century judge in New South Wales, as well as numerous articles for law journals.
He played club cricket for Stourbridge in the Birmingham and District Premier League and for Western Suburbs and Sydney University in Sydney Grade Cricket.
He was awarded a University Gold for cricket by Sydney Uni Sport and Fitness in 2017 and is a Life Member of the Sydney Cricket Association.
Arılı River (Laz language: Piskhala River) is one of the main water streams of Fındıklı in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.
The 1995 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season.
North Texas had competed in the Southland Conference in Division I-AA from 1983-1994 after the university's athletic department fell on hard financial times following the departure of head coach and athletic director Hayden Fry to Iowa.
The 1995 team was considered a transitional Division I-A member and was thus not eligible for a bowl game, regardless if they met the required six wins or not.
As part of a coordinated effort by the athletic department and donors to bring attendance levels up to Division I-A standards, donors and boosters alike bought out large sections of seats at Fouts Field to spike attendance numbers.
In addition to this, the university expanded the stadium itself, adding two sections of metal bleachers in the east and west end zones to bring the total capacity of the venue from 20,000 to 30,500.
Fouts Field's capacity would remain at 30,500 for the rest of its time as a NCAA football stadium, until both sections of metal bleachers and the north grandstand were demolished in 2013, two years after North Texas moved across I-35E to new Apogee Stadium.
The Mean Green played seven road games in all, with two against Big 8 Conference schools (Missouri and #10 Oklahoma), two against Southeastern Conference programs (LSU and Alabama), then-independent Louisville, future Big West Conference foe Nevada, and Big West member UNLV, who departed for the Western Athletic Conference in 1996.
The lone reprieve in the scheduling gauntlet was a home game against Oregon State, the first Division I-A game at Fouts Field since 1983.
The Mexico team of Ernesto Perez Acosta and Victor Regalado did not arrive on time to start and were replaced by a Filipino amateur team of Tommy Manotoc and Emilio Tuazon.
The Spanish team of Seve Ballesteros and Antonio Garrido successfully defended the title Spain won in 1976 and won by two strokes over the Philippines team of Ben Arda and Rudy Lavares.
The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Gary Player of South Africa, three strokes ahead of Lavares and Hubert Green, United States.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Rovinsky (1887–1953) was a Russian economist and financial scientist, the first rector (director) of the Moscow Institute of Finance, PhD in Economics, professor.
After losing his father early in his childhood, he studied at the Smolensk men's classical gymnasium and from the fifth grade he kept himself on his own, earning money by lessons.
After graduating from the gymnasium with honors, Nikolai entered the Economic Department at the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.
After discharge until 1923 he worked at the Smolensk Polytechnic Institute, then, from 1923 to 1929, served as Rector of Smolensk State University.
In 1929, Rovinsky was invited to Moscow to work as an Adviser to the Council of People's Commissars on financial and economic issues.
At the same time, he continued his research in finance and economics, working as part-time Director of the Scientific and Research Financial Institute of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR (until 1941).
Charles Perrot, (16 February 1929 - 11 November 2013) was a French priest, honorary professor of the Catholic Institute of Paris, a world-renowned biblist and a specialist in contemporary Judaism of Jesus.
In 1953 he was Priest for the diocese of Moulins in Allier, where he served as such and then retired with the function of dean of the cathedral.
Its plot follows a man who places a curse on a man who accidentally killed his daughter in a car accident.
Sanitiar Burhanuddin (17 July 1954) is the present Attorney General of Indonesia, serving since October 2019 in the cabinet of President Joko Widodo.
Upon his appointment, he denied having links to any political parties, despite his older brother, Tubagus Hasanuddin, being an executive of the ruling Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) and a former military secretary to former president and incumbent PDI-P leader Megawati Sukarnoputri.
In response to calls for the government to settle unresolved cases of human rights abuses, including the Semanggi shootings, Burhanuddin in January 2020 said the National Commission on Human Rights had not submitted complete evidence to the Attorney General's Office.
He said this came about when he completed elementary school; his teacher wrote his name on his graduation certificate as ST Burhanuddin and the truncated name stuck.
He graduated from Diponegoro University's Faculty of Law and later served at District Attorney Offices in a number of regions, from Bangko in Jambi province to Cilacap in Central Java.
While serving as head of South Sulawesi Provincial Prosecutor's Office and West Sulawesi Provincial Prosecutor's Office in 2010, Burhanuddin reportedly focused on handling corruption cases.
Ichsan was the younger brother of Syahrul Yasin Limpo, a former governor of South Sulawesi, who is minister of agriculture for the 2019-2024 period.
In 2015, he became President Commissioner of PT Hutama Karya, the holding company of state-owned enterprises in the infrastructure sector, overseeing Jasa Marga, Waskita Karya, Adhi Karya and Yodya Karya.
Born in 1980 in Rangpur, Md Najmul Islam joined Bangladesh Police in 2010 through 28th BCS(Police) and now serving as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC).
Though Najmul completed his Masters from University of Dhaka in Political Science he did couple of Diplomas in IT, Database and Cyber Security.
He also did training on Cyber Forensics and Cyber Crime from renowned organization including ITBanglaLtd, IDB-BISEW, Gujrat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhirnagar and Interpol.
Thus he currently is concerned for Cyber Security and Crime and he renders his services as an expert under Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime(CTTC), DMP.
He was awarded Bangladesh Police Medal (BPM) and IGP’s Exemplary Good Services Badge thrice for outstanding contribution in tackling typical cyber crime and cyber terrorism.
However graduated in Political Science, Islam started his career as a Software Development Executive at Anupam Infotech Ltd. Then he worked as a System Administrator at BRAC.
Md Islam has been supervising some of the most critical and notable cyber cases in Bangladesh which includes atm card scam etc.
The 515th Regiment (Regional Training Institute) is a training unit of the New Mexico Army National Guard, located at Santa Fe.
The 515th Regiment (RTI) is tasked to develop officers through the Officer Candidate School and train enlisted personnel through the Basic Leadership Course, Motor Transport Operator (88M) as One Army School System (OASS) for the Army National Guard, United States Army Reserve, and the active component.
The 515th Regiment (RTI) appears to draw its lineage from the 515th Coast Artillery, allotted to the Seventh Corps Area in 1923, and organized in 1924 as part of the Organized Reserves.
The 515th Coast Artillery was then withdrawn 19 December 1941 from the Organized Reserves and allotted to the Regular Army, and the 515th Coast Artillery (Antiaircraft) hastily activated at Fort Stotsenburg near Manila in the Philippine Islands, with the provisional regiment's personnel from the 200th Coast Artillery (AA).
That day the provisional regiment was redesignated as the 515th and augmented with about 750 officers and enlisted men of the Philippine Army for training.
It was moved from Manila on 25 December 1941 (the day before Manila was declared an open city) to defend the withdrawal routes to Bataan, where the unit defended the Cabcaben airfield and other key points until surrendering as part of the Philippine Provisional Coast Artillery Brigade on 9 April 1942.
The regiment was redesignated on 1 August 1946 as the 515th Coast Artillery Battery and activated at Fort Winfield Scott, California.
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 515th Antiaircraft Artillery Group, organized and federally recognized on 25 September 1947 at Roswell, moved to Albuquerque in 1955, but then consolidated with a number of other units into the reformed 200th Artillery on 1 September 1959.
Kuruktopa is a village in the Puncha CD block in the Manbazar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Kuruktopa had a total population of 2,964, of which 1,500 (51%) were males and 1,464 (49%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, Santali, English, Sanskrit, philosophy, political science, history, geography, anthropology, and a general course in arts.
Rus Education India Private Limited (Known as Rus Education) is a private corporation registered in India and one of India’s largest facilitator of medical education overseas.
Rus Education works in collaboration with Russian medical universities and the Russian Centre of Science and Culture to promote Russian education through the Russian Education Fair and other education events.
Offering advisory to students, who are interested in pursuing MBBS course from Russia, and making arrangements for their admission, departure, and accommodation in Russia is the prime area of Rus Education work.
Reportedly, the company is also building a campus to accommodate 5,000 students in the Orenburg city and a similar campus in the Perm city of Russia.
Few notable institutions include Orenburg State Medical University, Perm State Medical University, Tver State Medical University, Siberian State Medical University, Kazan State Medical University, Mari State University, and Far Eastern Investment Promotion and Export Support Agency.
After college he became Second Lieutenant in the Prince Consort's Own (Rifle Brigade), and fought in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, then the Third Anglo-Ashanti War, then the Anglo-Zulu War.
The girls' halfpipe event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
But then since the early 20th century (or at least until the end of the 19th century), it has been widely used by commoners for passenger transportation, family reunions, funeral, marriages, and more.
During the Banjar war (1859-1906), the jukung tambangan was used by Banjar fighters, among others, when they attacked the Dutch at Margasari on the night of December 16, 1861, and used to flee to the Jaya river, a tributary of Nagara river.
Focus FM is the official campus radio station of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) located in the Ashanti region of Ghana.
The core objectives for the establishment of the station was to inform, educate and entertain the entire university community and the surrounding communities.
Focus FM as a community radio, aims not only to participate in the life of the community, but also to allow the community to participate in the life of the station.
This is why it should always be distinguished from commercial and state radio – neither of which is seeks public participation, except when it suits them to do so.
He attended Cherwa Primary School in Kisumu County (1967-1973), Agoro Sare Secondary School in Homa Bay County (1974-1977) and Kabianga High School in Kericho (1978-1979).
Mr Misik obtained a Diploma in Marketing from the Kenya Polytechnic (1991-1992) and Diploma in Public Relations Management from the Kenya Institute of Management (2005).
He is a finalist of the Chartered Institute of Marketing (UK) and was elected a member of the Institute in 1994.
He joined Kenya Prisons Service as a Cadet Officer in 1980 and rose through the ranks to the rank of Deputy Commissioner of Prisons.
He has served in the Prisons Department in different positions, including that of Deputy Officer in Charge and Officer in Charge of several prisons (1986-1990 and 1994-1996), Head of Marketing (2002-2006), and Head of Reforms, Training and Public Relations at the Prisons Headquarters (2011-2012).
Misik is the immediate former Regional Prisons Commander, Nyanza Region, a position he held since 2012 until his retirement in 2018.
Mr Dixon Mwakazi took over as the Regional Prisons Commander.He received the Presidential award of the Order of the Grand Warrior of Kenya (OGW) in 2010 as an honor for the outstanding service to the nation.
He was the youngest son of Miguel Antonio de Zamacois y Berreteaga (1794-1863), a Professor at the Colegio de Humanidades de Vizcaya, and his second wife, Ruperta María del Pilar de Zabala y Arauco.
He studied sculpture and drawing in Paris but, after his father's death, he returned to his family and enrolled at the , where he was awarded a gold medal for his work.
Especially gifted for comedy, he began his career at the Café San Isidro in Madrid, where he developed his personal style.
By the end of the 1860s, he was performing at the Teatro de la Zarzuela, in a company formed by and .
He was especially well known for his impersonations of notable figures, such as the bullfighter, , and the tenor, Enrico Tamberlik.
He had several notable relatives; the actress Elisa Zamacois (his sister), the painter Eduardo Zamacois y Zabala (his brother), the writers Miguel Zamacois and Eduardo Zamacois (his nephews) and the historian Niceto de Zamacois (his half-brother).
The 1995 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 1994 and the beginning of 1995.
The 1971 Billie Jean King Invitational was a women's tennis tournament that took place in Long Beach in the United States.
She holds a BFA in Film and History of Art from Pratt Institute in New York, and an MFA in Film Directing from NYU Tisch School of the Arts.
It has rough, scaly, flaky bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth bark above, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped to bell-shaped fruit.
The flowers are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on a flattened, unbranched peduncle up to long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, barrel-shaped to bell-shaped capsule, long and wide with the valves near rim level or below.
The girls' snowboard cross event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the Villars Winter Park.
Jarrad Weeks (born 11 July 1989) is an Australian professional basketball player for the New Zealand Breakers of the National Basketball League (NBL).
On 17 February 2019, Weeks was called up by head coach Andrej Lemanis to be a part of the Australia national basketball team for the upcoming FIBA World Cup qualifiers against Kazakhstan and Iran.
Eleven of the fifteen seats in the National Assembly were elected, with the other four members appointed by the Governor-General at some point after the elections.
Kittendorff was born on 19 October 1821 in Copenhagen, the son of master weaver Johann Adolph Friedrich Kittendorff (1793–1849) and Anna Amalie Elisabeth Kuhn (1797–1864).
After his confirmation, he became an apprentice in xylographer Andreas Flinch's workshop while at the same time attending classes at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.
- 22 March 1902), a daughter of flaxshopkeeper Peter Christian Kretzschmer (1796–1835) and Susanne Nicoline Goldberg (1800–45), on 5 March 1853 in [[Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen|Church of Our Lady]] in Copenhagen.
In 1852,Kittendorff commissioned the architect [[Johan Daniel Herholdt]] to design a villa for him at [[Grundtvigsvej|Bianco Lunos Side Allé]] in [[Frederiksberg]].
Brock decided to focus on his music career because it was more lucrative, forming his own band Big George & the Houserockers.
Brock worked as a bouncer and performed there with is band which at times featured King, Big Baddy Smitty, or Riley Coatie on lead guitar.
Brock turned the record deal because although he was offered a tour bus and proceeds from the shows, he wouldn't have received any royalties from his recordings.
The brothers  Jamie, Ewan and Lachlan MacLean hold the records for being the first brother team to row any ocean, the youngest team of three, and the fastest team of three to row the Atlantic (only 35 days, 9 hours, 9 minutes).
The MacLean brothers, who are also known as BROAR (a combination of the words brother and oar) sailed from La Gomera, in the Canary Islands on 12 December 2019 and completed the 3,000-mile trip to Antigua on 17 January 2020.
She is a professional singer and has performed live at Dallas Cowboy Stadium, American Airlines Centre, Bass Hall, and the Toyota Center.
Anatoly Kuzovnikov (November 9, 1922, Pokrovka village, Pokrovsky District, Orenburg Oblast, USSR — November 17, 2004, Moscow, Russian Federation) — was a Soviet and Russian physicist.
A. Kuzovnikov was born on November 9, 1922 in the village of Pokrovka in the Pokrovsky District of the Orenburg Oblast.
In 1949, he transferred to the physics Department of Moscow State University, where he graduated in 1951 and was left in graduate school at the Department of electronics.
He was married twice and had five sons from his first wife, Pinkie, and one from his second wife, Monte Oleta Petty.
Despite the best efforts of central government, the region remains overwhelmingly German speaking: it was into a German speaking family that Obexer was born.
In 2009 she took a guest professorship at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, followed between 2009 and 2011 by a similar appointment at the Berlin University of the Arts.
The temple of Seti I also known as the Great Temple of Abydos is one of the main historical sites in Abydos.
Dorothy Louise Eady, also known as Omm Sety (16 January 1904 – 21 April 1981), was keeper of the Temple of Seti I in Abydos.
Thailand is according to Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) for climatic observations divided into six regions: northern, northeastern, eastern, central, southern (west coast) and southern (east coast) Thailand.
In the northern region just five stations have a weather radar with a radius of 120 km or 240 km, they are station Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Phitsanulok, Phetchabun and Tha Wang Pha.
Agromet station Phichit (48386) distributes the weather forecasts every day at 1.00, 4.00, 7.00, 10.00, 13.00, 16.00, 19.00 and 22.00 hour via its own website.
Operate most of its business, such as quarries, oil palm plantations, and media services in South Kalimantan, making it the largest company in the region.
Is a business activity group founded by a native Kalimantan businessman, Abdussamad Sulaiman HB in 1966, using the company name CV Sari Bungas engaged in river transportation to transport stems logs follow the flow of the Barito river to Banjarmasin.
Hasnur Group's business activities start from river transportation, shipyards, the forestry sector which continues to grow and develop into the coal mining sector, coal roads and special terminals, shipping, iron ore, agribusiness, football clubs, education, mass media, printing and sports schools.
Thailand is according to Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) for climatic observations divided into six regions: northern, northeastern, eastern, central, southern (west coast) and southern (east coast) Thailand.
In the northeastern region just four stations have a weather radar with a radius of 120 km or 240 km, they are station Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani and Surin.
Agromet stations distribute the weather forecasts every day at 1.00, 4.00, 7.00, 10.00, 13.00, 16.00, 19.00 and 22.00 hour via their own website.
Mollie Hughes is a British sports adventurer and explorer who holds the world records for the youngest person to climb both sides of Mount Everest and the youngest woman to ski solo to the South Pole.
She climbed the south side of Mount Everest in 2012 to help tackle her shyness and anxiety and prove that she had the confidence to complete something.
Following the first climb, she settled in Edinburgh and found the harsh weather of the Scottish Highlands prepared her well for the climate around Everest.
The expedition was funded by a £75,000 crowdfunding campaign and sponsorship, using the trip as a fundraiser for Cancer Research UK.
She had originally hoped to reach the pole on New Year's Day, but was delayed by bad weather, with temperatures approaching -45 degrees Celsius and 30-knot winds.
Brännström has served as the CEO and president of the beauty company Oriflame since 2006 and became in 2017 the Chairman of the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations (WFDSA).
Before joining Oriflame's operations in Russia in 1996, Brännström worked for Swedish companies Spendrups, JGB and the former luxury hotell chain Reso entering the post-Soviet states of the early 90s.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2013 Summer Universiade, 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
Petermann is a locality in the Northern Territory of Australia located about south of the territory capital of Darwin in the territory’s south-western corner adjoing the states of South Australia and Western Australia.
The locality consists of the following land (from west to east) – the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust, the Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust and the NT Portion 1798 (better known as the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park), the Land Settlement Aboriginal Corporation and NT Portion 6665 (better known as the Watarrka National Park), the Urrampinyi Iltjiltjarri Aboriginal Land Trust and the pastoral leases of Curtin Springs, Angas Downs and Mulga Park.
Petermann is named after the Petermann Ranges, a mountain range partly located within the locality’s boundaries, and which was named after the German cartographer, August Heinrich Petermann by the explorer, Ernest Giles, in 1874.
Petermann is located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Namatjira and the local government area of the MacDonnell Region.
The disguised names, and the pretence that the accounts were really translations of speeches by Lilliputian politicians, were a reaction to an Act of Parliament forbidding the publication of accounts of its debates.
Cave employed several writers on this series: William Guthrie (June 1738 – November 1740), Samuel Johnson (November 1740 – February 1743), and John Hawkesworth (February 1743 – December 1746).
He has played the male lead in several television serials including Gila (2016), Hari Hari Churiyan (2017), Dil Nawaz (2017), Mah-e-Tamaam (2017), Dil-e-Bereham (2019), Bharam (2019) and Ehd-e-Wafa (2019).
The boys' snowboard cross event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the Villars Winter Park.
The senior championship was won by Richmond Rovers who ran away with the title with an 11 win, 2 loss record.
Such was their dominance that the league didn't bother playing the 14th round as Richmond had a 6-point lead over their nearest competitor.
The Richmond reserve grade team also won the title which was remarkable in that they lost their first two matches before reeling off 12 consecutive wins to claim the title.
Richmond's remarkable season also included the Stormont Shield which they won 21 to 5 over Newton Rangers, while their reserve grade team also won the Stallard Cup knockout competition when they beat City Rovers Reserves 21 to 9.
Richmond also recorded two wins over the touring Western Suburbs side who had won the New South Wales premiership with 18-16 and 10-3 point wins.
This was arguably the strongest set of results of any club at the senior level in Auckland Rugby League's history to this point.
The Roope Rooster competition saw the debut of the Mt Albert and Papakura senior teams playing in a senior A grade competition with both sides playing on Carlaw Park # 2 field.
Both teams performed meritoriously before Mt Albert went down to Ponsonby 19 to 11, and Papakura lost to Marist 6 points to 3.
The Auckland representative team had a successful season recording wins over Taranaki by 35 to 8, Northland 19 to 12, and South Auckland by 36 to 16.
At the annual meeting of the junior management committee on March 20 the report they received showed that the number of players and clubs had increased by over 11 percent and 14 percent respectively.
Mr. D. Wilkie was elected chairman, Mr. E. Chapman deputy chairman, while Mr. Mr. W. F. Clarke elected secretary to replace the long serving and retiring Mr. T. R. Davis.
Davis was later appointed as a life member of New Zealand Rugby League, as was Arthur Ball (ex-chairman of the Auckland Rugby League Referees’ Association, and C. Adamson (ex-chairman of the Junior Management Committee).
1 ground qualification each week-end and also has been reflected in a greater esprit de corps amongst club members, as well as a correspondingly enhanced friendly rivalry between the contestants that in turn excites public patronage to Carlaw Park”.
Registered player fees accounted for £99 12/ and this combined with donations and the earlier stated income meant total receipts of £2,636 2/5.
Expenditure was £487 17/6 on ground rents, £340 17/2 on maintenance and upkeep of the park and grounds, £175 on staffing grounds and cost to officials, and minor expenses.
Reference was also made to the services of George Rhodes who had passed away at the end of the 1933 season after many years as chairman of the league.
B. Donald; vice-patron, Mr. J. F. W. Dickson; president, Mr. J. Carlaw; vice-presidents, Messrs. O. Blackwood; H. Grange; W. Wallace, C. Seagar, R. Benson, C. H. Drysdale, A. E. Laird, J.
A. Lee, R. H. Wood, R. T. Sharman, J. Donald, J. Sayegh, J. Lovatt, W. S. Shramm, E. Morton, H. Walmsley, C. Wright, Montgomery and Bagnall; deputy-chairman, Mr. E. J. Phelan; hon.
I. Culpan; hon treasurer, Mr. J. E. Knowling; delegate to New Zealand Rugby League, Mr. R. Doble; auditor, Mr. R. A. Spinley; hon solicitor, Mr. H. M. Rogerson; referees’ delegate on management committee, Mr. W. Mincham; club delegates, Mr Jim Rukutai and J. W. Probert; hon physicians, Drs.
R. Tracey Inglis, Mr. G. Pezaro, F. J. Gwynne and K. H. Holdgate; press steward, Mr. R. Doble; board of control, Messrs. Campbell Rukutai, Doble, L. Binns, Probert, Mincham, D. Wilkie, Ellis, Knowling and I. Cuplan; trustees, Messrs. J. Stormont, E. J. Phelan, and G. Grey Campbell.
At a board of control meeting in April it was decided that unemployed patrons would be admitted to Carlaw Park with the same concession as the previous season provided they produced their levy book regularly and it was stamped by the Labour Department.
It was reported that in the latest English rule book there was a goal line drop out being taken when teams forced the ball in their own in goal area.
It was eventually established after clarifying the interpretation of the law in England that the attacking team needed to stand five yards from the goal-line when the defending side drops the ball out from between its posts.
At the Auckland Rugby League Board of Control meeting on May 23 chairman Campbell drew attention to the practice of players charging into opponents and using their knees.
The referees association took up the matter and said that all senior clubs would be written to and told that such conduct would not be tolerated.
However the Auckland Rugby League would reserve the right to select the four leading teams to hasten the find for the champions if necessary.
The league promoted the senior competition by taking the unusual approach of naming all the senior coaches and including boastful quotes from each of them in its newspaper advertisements.
The changes were accepted by the trustees of the Auckland Rugby League but it would mean in increase in the contract price to a little over £3,000.
Mr. E. J. Phelan, a trustee and vice chairman of Auckland Rugby League announced that the successful tenderer was Mr. R. A. Cornish of Newmarket.
Ponsonby donated £150 and it was hoped at the annual meeting that other clubs would also contribute £50 each towards the costs.
On the 21st of April the league arranged practice matches at Carlaw Park with the main match being between Marist and Ponsonby with those teams reserve grade sides playing the curtain-raiser.
A charge of sixpence admission would go towards the grandstand funds which was expected to be completed by the following week.
In order to further help pay for the new stand the league sold 300 season tickets to the new stand which would entitle the purchaser to attend all matches under the control of the Auckland Rugby League this year.
A third unanimous offer of £100 was received from a supporter of the code which was gratefully accepted at the Board of Control meeting on May 9.
On May 12 the new grandstand was officially opened by Lord Bledisloe in front of 17,000 spectators which was a record for a club match.
Some 24 years ago on the area which was now Carlaw Park the Chinese, he understood, had cultivated vegetables; to-day the ground was in use for the cultivation of sport and of health and character, which flowed from sport when conducted fairly, honestly and in a spirit of unselfishness.
Congratulating the League organisation on its enterprise Lord Bledisloe ventured the hope that the sport would continue and flourish, and be maintained in New Zealand for many years to come”.
In spite of the new stand and facilities the league still received a letter from Ellerslie United complaining about the inadequate shower facilities at the ground.
He said that there was a possibility that the Sydney University team would make a visit along with the Sydney premiership winners.
The reason being that its application for an extension of broadcasting hours had been turned down by Wellington and as the football was played outside of their broadcast hours they would be unable to carry any coverage.
The decision was met by indignation from New Zealand Rugby League and it was decided to strongly protest and follow up with other action.
1ZB had applied two months earlier and was ready to begin broadcasting from the opening weekend of matches however the decision not to allow it had occurred in the days prior to the season opening.
Rugby Union was going to be broadcast out of the Broadcasting Boards own funds, and soccer was going to be broadcast through 1YA.
He advised a deputation that he would ascertain if the service could be fitted in with the programme of 1YA or 1YX at a lengthy meeting on the issue where many voices were heard.
He had served as a delegate for five years, and for eight years he was the secretary of the junior management committee.
At the Auckland Rugby League meeting on May 30 Mr. F. D. Ellis was made a life member of Auckland Rugby League, he had been on the board and served as treasurer for 14 years.
The shield was played for by the 4 losing teams from the first round of the Roope Rooster and was won by Newton who defeated Ponsonby in the final by 18 points to 10.
Their first match was with Marist where they won, this was followed by a draw with Newton, a loss to Richmond, a win over Ponsonby, and a loss in the return match with Richmond.
They were the fifth Australian club to visit New Zealand following on from visits by University, South Sydney, Eastern Suburbs, and St George.
Just prior to the fourth match with Ponsonby a fire broke out at the Nicholls Brothers Limited premise on Stanley Street with the building being extensively damaged.
The boys who played in the curtain-raiser ran from the field to collect their clothes from the dressing shed as they feared the fire may spread to the sheds and offices of Auckland Rugby League.
Like many teams who toured New Zealand they spent the last part of their trip touring the Rotorua area taking in the thermal attractions.
In March 2019 the section between Botad Junction and Hadala Bhal stations was commissioned (67 km), remaining under gauge conversion Hadala Bhal – Ahmedabad Junction (98 km).
Adedayo Ojo born (May 11, 1960) is a Nigerian journalist, public relations and communication professional and chief executive officer of Caritas Communications, a Public Relations firm in sub-Sahara Africa with three subsidiaries focusing on corporate communication, media and public relations.
Ojo was the Pioneer Secretary of the Commonwealth Journalists’ Association in Nigeria and currently Editorial Board member of Petroleum Technology Development Journal.
Ojo was instrumental in the rebranding Nigeria campaign introduced by the federal government of Nigeria in 2009 that sought to rebuild the Nigeria image globally.
His parents were primary school teachers but his father later left his teaching profession to join a cooperative society where he worked for a year before moving on to establish his own company.
Ojo received early education at Saints Bernard and Mulumba Primary Schools Ile-Ife and proceeded to Saint John’s Grammar School and Modakeke High School Ile-Ife, Osun State.
This prompted Ojo to take up a part-time teaching job in the village of Garage Olode some kilometres from his university town of Ile-Ife.
Ojo started at the Nigerian Institute of Journalism (NIJ) lecturing News English and Public Relations and later moved to Concord Newspaper, Lagos working as a senior reporter.
Ojo transferred his public relations services to Mobil Producing Nigeria a subsidiary of then Mobil Oil Corporation as Public Affairs Coordinator and Advisor to the oil giant.
After fourteen years of service, Ojo left ExxonMobil in 2006 to join Transnational Corporation of Nigeria Plc as the Vice President in charge of Corporate Relations.
In 2019, Ojo joined Navigate Response, a global crisis communications network that covers key maritime hotspots in West Africa and the Mediterranean to help combat piracy issues in the Gulf of Guinea.
Ojo parents are of the Catholic faith, In 1978 while Ojo was in the university he attended a Catholic summer camp organised by Catholic Diocese of Ibadan and there he met Mary Adebimpe he later married in 1987.
Pat Smear, an original member of the Germs, played guitar on the track with Hole, while frontwoman Courtney Love played bass guitar.
Following the relocation of the (EATS) to Biskra in 1971 and the development of military parachuting in Algeria in the 1980s, the Algerian army set up (RPC) whose objective was to carry out special operations and intelligence.
In 1985 the Algerian Navy set up , including combat divers whose missions were also offensive actions from the sea and intelligence.
At the end of the 1980s the former Special Intervention Group (SIG) of the Military Security (MS), then the Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS) and the (DSI) of the Algerian National Gendarmerie were created in 1987 and 1989.
Following the creation of these units, Algeria finally has real special forces units, and these units were created at a sensitive moment in Algeria's history, because they were created shortly before the Algerian Civil War.
Its founder, editor, and principal author, the Egyptian karaite-Jewish lawyer Murād Farag (Faraj) (1866-1956), used the magazine as a platform for changes in Egypt's karaite-Jewish community, the magazine's target group.
The European Piano Contest Bremen gained a reputable position among international competitions due to its high artistic requirements and esteemed jury.
Her poetry was heavily influenced by the Theology of Liberation, which was widespread in Latin American Catholic communities in the 1950s and 1960s.
She had initially requested to study theology at a presbyterian seminary in Guatemala but was rejected on the basis of her sex.
She moved to Costa Rica in 1953 in order to study at the Latin America Biblical Seminary in San José, Costa Rica instead.
During her lifetime she received numerous death threats due to her raising concerns regarding the human rights of the Indigenous Maya peoples and went into exile in 1980 in Switzerland.
During this period of exile Esquivel spoke widely across Europe and North America about the plight of Maya, Quichez and other indigenous people in the Guatemalan genocide.
Elina Almazovna Gismeeva (May 6, 1992 – August 4, 2019) was a Russian kick boxer who was highly ranked coming second in the world in 2017.
When she became the runner up at the World Association of Kickboxing Organisations world championship, Fatima Zhagupova was the overall winner.
chelmico formed in 2014 after Rachel Watashiga and Mamiko Suzuki met through a mutual friend at a McDonald's in Arakawa, in Tokyo, Japan.
When one of her friends offered her 10 minutes during a music event they were organizing in spring of 2014, Watashiga invited Suzuki to rap with her.
The next step came a year later, when they were given another offer to perform at another show for fifteen minutes.
In 2018, they released their album POWER under unBORDE, a division of Warner Music Japan, who they have been with since then.
Rodovoj and Rodovít wish him a happy life but Lichoradka wishes him to become orphan and live in poverty and unhappiness.
Rodovoj and Rodovít then wish him that all difficulties will be only temporary and he will ultimately live a happy life.
When he is a bit older Rodovoj and Rodovít give Watchmaker a dream that some Urban will get a treasue when he gets married.
Watchmaker decides to take care of Urban as he plans to marry him with his daughter Laura and seize the Treasure.
He then tries to call of the wedding but thzen he finds out about Watches that can protect its bearer from death.
Urban meanwhile has to overcome obstacles that Lichoradka puts in his way but with help of Rodovít and Rodovoj he manages to find the watches and returns to Laura who is dying of sadness.
Einstein's Unfinished Revolution: The Search for What Lies Beyond the Quantum is a non-fiction book on quantum mechanics by the American theoretical physicist Lee Smolin.
In this book, his sixth, Smolin tries to provide criticism of quantum mechanics and offers alternative options for a theory of the atomic world.
Smolin suggests that quantum mechanics insists we can only know half of all there is to know from a realist perspective.
Jiang Zhuoqing (; born August 1959) is a Chinese politician, who is serving as the Chairperson of the Shanghai People's Congress since 2020.
He began his career as a waiter of Xiangyang Restaurant in 1979, then he studied in Shanghai Business School in 1980.
After graduating, he began to serve in Shanghai Finance Bureau, until he served as the deputy Director from 1994 to 2002.
He also served as the Deputy secretary of Government of Shanghai since 2008 and the Director of Shanghai Finance Bureau since 2010.
In December 2019, Jiang was returned to Shanghai and began to served as the Party Secretary of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai People's Congress.
It borders the following municipalities: Bioglio, Camandona, Campiglia Cervo, Caprile, Crevacuore, Curino, Mezzana Mortigliengo, Pettinengo, Piatto, Piedicavallo, Portula, Pray, Scopello (VC), Strona, Vallanzengo, Valle San Nicolao, Veglio.
The comune of Valdilana was born on 1 January 2019 due to the fusion of four pre-existent comunes: Mosso, Valle Mosso, Soprana and Trivero.
This chalk pit, which was dug more than 150 years ago, is warm and sheltered and it has 15 species of butterfly, including common blues and gatekeepers.
He has three brothers, two of them Mihai and Nicolae were also footballers who managed to play in Romania's top division Divizia A.
Tiberiu Kallo played five games at international level for Romania, scoring one goal in a friendly match which ended with a 1–1 draw against Austria.
The comune of Quaregna Cerreto was born on 1 January 2019 due to the fusion of two pre-existent comunes, Quaregna and Cerreto Castello.
It is a part of the Eastern Naval Command and is responsible for the naval forces in the Bay of Bengal and parts of the Indian Ocean.
After the independence and the partition of India on 15 August 1947, the ships and personnel of the Royal Indian Navy were divided between the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.
The operational ships of the remaining Royal Indian Navy, minus Pakistan, were initially placed under the command of the Commodore Commanding Indian Naval Squadron (COMINS), later the Rear-Admiral Commanding Indian Naval Squadron (RACINS), whose title was then changed to Flag Officer (Flotilla) Indian Fleet (FOFIF).
Brown, who was the Commanding Officer of and serving as COMINS, seemingly at the same time, and later, Commodore (later Rear Admiral) G. Barnard who became COMINS and later Rear-Admiral Commanding, INS.
On the proclamation of a Republic in 1950, the 'Royal' title was dropped and the Navy became simply the Indian Navy.
In 1956, Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari became the first Indian flag officer, and was appointed the first Indian FOCIF on 2 October, when he took over from Rear Admiral Tyrwhitt.
In 1957, was commissioned, and the flag of Rear Admiral Katari was transferred, INS Mysore thus becoming the flagship of the Indian Fleet.
Rear Admiral S H Sarma, PVSM was appointed as the founding Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF) who commanded the fleet during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
In mid 1971, The Aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, along with the frigates INS Brahmaputra and INS Beas were moved from the Western Fleet to the Eastern Naval Command.
This aim would involve keeping under the most careful surveillance the area of a triangle with a base of 270 miles and two sides of 165 and 225 miles, involving 18,000 square miles.
Alizé and Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft from the INS Vikrant and the ships of the fleet bombarded Chittagong and Cox's Bazar.
The Eastern Fleet also enforced contraband control until tasked with an amphibious landing to cut off the land escape routes into Burma.
After the surrender of Pakistan on 16 December 1971, the FOCEF was given the task of reopening and reactivating the Port of Chittagong.
The entire Western Fleet had sailed from Mumbai to the North Arabian Sea to increase surveillance and adopt a deterrent posture.
Later, then-Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel to sustain itself if a full-scale war had broken out.
A widebeam canal boat on the waterways managed by the British Canal and River Trust (CRT) has a beam of or greater and is built in the style of a narrowboat.
With each class of boat they provide a picture and the one provided for a widebeam is of a boat wider than a narrowboat, but built in the style of a narrowboat.
Although there are widebeams permanently moored in marinas that never cruise waterways in which case as houseboats they do not have to be restricted to sizes that will allow them to cruise on local waterways.
If they are to cruise on waterways, then the other maximum dimensions of length, draft and height depend on the size restrictions of the waterway.
Length is restricted by the length of the shortest lock, beam is usually restricted by the narrowest lock (although there are sometimes other width restrictions), depth—the depth closer to the banks of a canal may be lower than those of the centre channel (this is more of an impediment for widebeams than narrowboats), and height by the clearance under bridges or in tunnels.
For example if a widebeam is to cruise in and around London then if the boat is only to travel down the Lee Navigation from Hertford to Limehouse Basin in the East of London then the maximum dimensions are length, beam, draft, and height of , , , .
If the widebeam is also going to navigate through central London on the Regents Canal to Little Venice, then the length, beam an draft are further constricted to , , although the height restriction of a boat on the Lee (due to low bridges) means that the roof of a boat that can cruise on the Lee Navigation is low enough for the boat to cruise on Regents Canal.
If the boat is to travel along the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal to the junction of the main Grand Union then the height is further restricted to (the Paddington Arm has no locks so the width restriction is due to some other feature).
At the junction of the Paddington Arm and the main Grand Union Canal, if the boat was to turn south through Brentford and travel down the Thames to Limehouse Basin, then the maximum length is further restricted to .
From Rickmansworth the boat can travel further north up the Grand Union, but at Leighton Buzzard there is a lock that is only , so a widebeam built for the canals and rivers in and around London with a beam of will not be able to navigate further north.
Similarly a widebeam built for navigating on the Grand Union (south of Leighton Buzzard), the Regents Canal and the Lee Navigation will not be able to travel up the river Stort (a tributary of the Lea), unless its maximum dimensions do not exceed a length, beam, depth and height of , , , .
The company provides its customers with air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems manufactured by brands, such as Klimor, Clima-Produkt and Barbor.
Klima-Therm implements its business activities both in Poland and abroad, including Scandinavia, countries of the Baltic region, and the United States.
The Group’s key affiliated enterprises operating on the Polish market are: Klima-Therm, a distributor of freon air conditioning and chilled water systems, as well as producers of air conditioning systems and HVACR components: Klimor, Clima-Produkt and Barbor.
By means of FG Nordic, Skiab, FG Finland and FG Baltics enterprises, Klima-Therm Group distribute air conditioning equipment to Sweden, Finland and Estonia.
Her mother, who was 14 at the time of Pavóns birth, died during childbirth and her father died days later due to alcohol abuse.
She was then adopted by a doctor from the maternity hospital but was soon moved to an orphanage after he left Honduras to live in exile.
She developed a like of poetry at a young age and reported that her favourite poet growing up was Juana Inés de la Cruz.
She fell pregnant but was abandoned by the child's father which left her destitute and she became a prostitute to earn money to be able to look after her child.
During this period, while battling alcoholism and poverty, she started to write poetry under the pen name Juana Pavón and gained recognition through establishing friendships with individuals based at the National School of Fine Arts.
In 2016, she moved to the mining town of San Juancito, where it is reported she lived in poverty and poor health.
Playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts and are joined by playback singer Neeti Mohan in this season.
During each performance, the audience at home is able to decide in real time whether or not a contestant is sent through to the next round by using a mobile voting app.
If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first contestant goes through.
With her partner, Bruce Waddell, she is the 2019 Canadian national junior bronze medalist, the 2019 JGP Italy silver medalist, and a 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalist in the team event.
The power station is located on Ruzizi River, straddling the common border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DC).
Its location is approximately , as the crow flies, west of the town of Bugarama, in Rusizi District, in Rwanda's Western Province, approximately , southwest of Kigali, the capital city of that country.
This power station is the fourth in a cascade of power stations on the Ruzizi River, benefiting the countries of Burundi, DRC and Rwanda.
The power stations include Ruzizi I (29.8 megawatts) and Ruzizi II (43.8 megawatts), both located northwest of Ruzizi III and both operational as of January 2020.
Grand Mosalla mosque of Tehran (The Imam Khomeini Mosalla) is a location for Holding weekly Friday prayer and cultural, political, educational, worship activities including book fairs and religious ceremonies.
On 1982, the Mosalla of Tehran was offered to replace the University of Tehran as a location for the weekly Jumu'ah (Friday Prayer) and for it was intended the lands of Abbas Abad, which became the site for the never-materialized mega project of Shahestan Pahlavi before the Iranian Revolution.
On 19 February 1985, after issuance of a public announcement on devising the Mosalla and recalling talented and experienced designers for projecting, The competition was held in 1986 with Mohammad KarimPirnia, Mehdi Chamran, Bagher Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, Ali Ghaffari, and Mehdi Hodjat as the jury members and with participation 36 native and foreign individuals from such countries as Japan, Syria, Pakistan, and the Netherlands and as well as legal entities.
On 1990, finally, Dr. Parviz Moayed Ahd’s design was confirmed for the Mosalla, a design based on Islamic architecture of Iran and Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, which formerly were part of Iran.
Marquess of Casa Fuerte () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1708 by Philip V to Juan de Acuña on his merits as Captain General of the Royal Armies.
Langbein was born on 29 January 1928 in the South Australian town of Gawler to James Langbein, an accomplished pianist who had set up a car dealership and garage business in Gawler, and his second wife, Juanita Zadow.
His parents were of German and Scottish ancestry, his father's grandfather, Joachim Heinrich Gottfried Langbein, having arrived in South Australia from Mecklenburg in 1845.
He began learning violin at age five and when he was eight years old, he gave his first public recital at Tanunda Town Hall.
He received a scholarship to study at the Elder Conservatorium of Music at age eleven, where he was taught by Ludwig Schwab, and began to perform with the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra at age fourteen.
In 1948 he moved to Sydney, where he performed as a soloist and as a member of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and studied composition with Eugene Goosens.
He moved to Switzerland in 1951 to study with Paul Grümmer; during this period he was also taught by Pablo Casals and spent six weeks studying in Vienna with Ernst Morawec.
In 1953 he settled in Zürich, where he became a member of Paul Sacher's Collegium Musicum Zürich chamber orchestra in 1954 and its concertmaster two years after that; he later became the concertmaster of Sacher's Basel Chamber Orchestra.
He was appointed Professor of Violin at the City of Basel Music Academy, and formed a duo with Australian pianist Maureen Jones and then a trio with fellow Australian horn player Barry Tuckwell.
2, which was dedicated to Langbein, at the 1972 Adelaide festival of arts and co-founded Opera Factory later in the 1970s.
He was the musical director of the adelaide chamber orchestra and co-founded the Barossa Festival, a chamber music festival in South Australia's Barossa Valley, in 1990.
He died of cancer in Zürich on 6 June of that year, aged 65, and is buried in the Barossa Valley town of Lyndoch.
Langbein received an award of honour from the Canton of Zürich in 1983 and the Nageli Medal from the City of Zürich, an award for musicians that he had co-founded, in 1988.
The Brenton Langbein Theatre, part of the Barossa Convention Centre in Tanunda, is named after him, as is the Langbein String Quartet, run by the Firm, a South Australian contemporary music organisation.
The temple was first conceived of in the late 1990s by local hindus in the Madrid area.The Suhai family raised the initial 25,000 dollars and eventually the hindu community managed to raise over 1.2 million dollars.
Anna Veronica Mautner (1935 – January 30, 2019) was a Brazilian psychoanalyst, writer and a Professor at the University of São Paulo.
She became a professor of social psychology at University of São Paulo (USP) which is where she had studied social science.
She wrote a point of view for Psicologia where she discussed how recognition of people's skills is a powerful driver for achievement.
She noted that not everyone desires this as she said that there is not enouth for everyone at the top of a pyramid.
In the last year of her life, Regina Favre, arranged for the publication of her last book which was an anthology of her work explaining her success.
It was launched in 2019 and has lined up content from partners like Voot, Arre, Viu, TVF, Pocket Aces' Dice Media and more.
In October 2019, it announced its first original series Back Benchers, a quiz show hosted by Bollywood film producer and director Farah Khan, which features Bollywood celebrities as students and host Farah as the dean of the school.
Bollywood celebrities who appeared on the show are Anil Kapoor, Shilpa Shetty, Kartik Aaryan, Ananya Pandey, Bhumi Pednekar, Tapsee Pannu, Janhvi Kapoor, Malaika Arora amongst others.
Flipkart has tied up with various production houses including Studio Next and Frames and Sikhya Productions to beef up its library of original series in various languages and genres for the Flipkart users.
The 2017–18 season saw Livingston compete in the Scottish Championship where they finished in 2nd position with 58 points, gaining promotion to the Scottish Premiership via the play-offs.
Headquartered in Bengaluru, India and founded by Dr Mohammed Rehan Sayeed, a cardiothoracic surgeon, Motherhood has 12 hospitals and clinics in Bengaluru, Chennai, Coimbatore, Pune, Mumbai, Indore and Noida.
Dr Mohammed Rehan Sayeed along with his father-in-law, Indian actor Mammootty, invested in Rhea Healthcare to start a premium birthing hospital in Bengaluru in the year 2010.
Dr Mohammed Rehan Sayeed, who had previously worked as a cardiothoracic surgeon in Cleveland, USA, introduced to India the standards of maternal healthcare observed in the USA.
Motherhood Hospitals specialises in all-inclusive antenatal and postnatal maternity care services with 4D scans, lactation, nutritional consultation and Lamaze therapy along with treatment for foetal anomaly.
It also provides gynaecological services to women of all ages, paediatric care, minimally invasive surgeries, infertility treatments and stem cell banking.
The departments at Motherhood Hospitals comprise of Department of Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, Department of Fertility, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Neonatal Care, Department of Foetal Medicine, Department of Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cosmetology and Department of Dietetics and Nutrition.
He is a professor of Environmental Studies and Biology at the director of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Oregon.
In 2019, along with colleagues Karen Guillemin, Judith Eisen and biophysicist Raghuveer Parthasarathy from the National Institutes of Health, Bohannan was awarded a $7.6 million grant to research the potential health benefits of bacteria.
He is one of the world's experts on the microbes of the Amazon rain forest, and was one of four speakers to participate in Cornell's Life Sciences Lecture Series in 2018-2019.
The 163 skiers that competed in the 2019–20 Tour de Ski; 86 men and 77 women, originated from 25 different countries.
In its first year of inception, the club has managed to qualify for the Hero Youth Leagues and also winning the first-ever Rajasthan Women’s League.
The club aims to provide a pathway of progressive growth from the grassroots level to competing at the highest professional level.
We believe that Indian Football Standards are rising and we aim at contributing towards it and making of professional players who will go on to represent the country at the highest level.
The club in its collaboration with Palamos CF one of the oldest club in Spain’s founded in 1898 and its academy Perfect Football are the technical partner of AU Rajasthan FC.
AU Rajasthan are using the Sawai Mansingh Stadium in Jaipur as their home stadium for games in Jaipur love football fans.
The brand belong to the company Crocodille, a Czech company specializing in the production and sale of packaged baguettes and sandwiches, founded in 1991.
Jackson Jellah (born 19 September 1996) is an Ivorian-American soccer player who plays as a winger for California United Strikers in the NISA.
Jellah played college soccer at the University of Portland in both 2015 and 2016, before transferring to Grand Canyon University in 2017.
In May 2019 the section between and stations was commissioned (24 km) and in January 2020, – Kharwa Chanda section (24 km), remaining under gauge conversion Raigadh Road – Kharwa Chanda (163 km).
It is scheduled for release by First Access / Access Records on February 7, 2020, and is the group's first release in over a decade as well as their first independent release since departing ways with Interscope Records.
There were several attempts for other members to join Scherzinger in 2010, but by the end of 2010 Scherzinger too had left the group to pursue her solo career.
The band then confirmed their reunion on British radio station Heart, confirming that Bachar, Roberts, Scherzinger, Sutta and Wyatt had been recording new music and have announced nine tour dates around the UK in 2020.
According to group founder Antin, Thornton would not be taking part due to her feeling like the time was not right.
The group have stated that they are leaving the door open for Thornton and she would be welcome back if she decided to join them later down the line.
The Official Charts Company confirmed the song was being released by Access Records, making it their first independent release; previous releases were handled by Interscope Records.
Gorgie Railway Mission was begun at the initiative of Emily Pierce in 1887, with a meeting attended by 17 railway workers at Haymarket Station.
Having met for some years in halls nearby churches, in 1908 the mission moved into its own, purpose-built building in Wheatfield Terrace, Gorgie with a capacity of 400.
The prime concern of the Mission is to reach out to the surrounding community with the good news that, though we are lost without God, in the person of Jesus Christ, and supremely by His dying and rising from the dead, God is reaching out to rescue us and gives us a new start and hope.
Hack Fall Wood, otherwise known as Hackfall, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, of , lying north-east of the village of Grewelthorpe, North Yorkshire, England.
During the 18th century it was landscaped in the picturesque style by landowner William Aislabie, who created views by engineering streams and pools, planting trees and building follies.
Together with the Hackfall Trust and the Landmark Trust, the Woodland Trust restored footpaths, conserved the remaining follies and managed the wildlife habitat according to its SSSI status.
The woodland is open to the public and has many summer visitors, although the only public facility is a car park.
John Aislabie (1670–1742) of Studley Royal Park, who had been responsible for the formal-style landscaping of Studley Royal and Fountains Abbey, purchased this land in 1731.
He bought it for its timber, and perhaps also for its lime kiln, the coal pits near Limehouse Hill, sandstone quarries for repairing Ripon Cathedral, and the sawmill.
His son William Aislabie (1700–1781), with an eye to the sublime aesthetic, landscaped the site in a natural, picturesque style with follies, an artificial waterfall, temples and grottoes among the trees, and the kinds of views and glades which were fashionable at the time.
Aislabie used the Banqueting House, now known as the Mowbray Point Ruin, to entertain friends, and in the 19th century this became a tea room for tourists, when Hackfall was the property of Lord Ripon and available to those could pay for entry.
It was pictured on five or six items of Wedgwood's 944-piece Frog dinner service of 1773, made for Catherine the Great.
In March 1933 after the National Trust failed to purchase it due to lack of funds, timber merchant John Green bought the wood, and most of it was clear-felled, then partially replanted with conifers.
By 1937 Hackfall was a commercial farm and woodland, then during World War II it was allowed to degenerate, and fell prey to vandalism.
The wood was, however, allowed to regenerate naturally until the 1980s, and a small part still remains of the Sandbed Hut near Limehouse Hill, and the entrance Gate Pillars.
When the property was offered for sale in 1987 and a threat of commercial development was noted, the Hackfall Trust was formed to raise funds for restoration of the landscaping.
The three organisations responsible for organising the restoration and maintenance of the site are the Hackfall Trust, the Woodland Trust and the Landmark Trust.
The key habitat of Hack Fall Wood is listed as a Conservation Area, it is included in the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP); it is listed as Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland (ASNW), and it is on the Invertebrate Site Register (ISR).
It sits on the north and east slopes where the River Ure flows through the Hackfall Gorge, the site being adjacent to the north-east side of Grewelthorpe, and south of Masham.
Although there are no facilities apart from a comparatively recent car park, the site has been popular with tourists since the 19th century.
There are no toilets, the nearest being at Grewelthorpe or Masham, and there is no wheelchair access, due to rough terrain and steep paths.
This ancient woodland was mostly felled in the 1930s, and the present tree cover has naturally regenerated since then, featuring a diversity of localised species, and also many common species such as sycamore, beech, scots pine, foxglove, dog rose and red campion.
For example, around the Brimham Grits cliffs and steep slopes the soil is acidic, and woodland trees are holly, rowan, with a predominant canopy of silver birch and sessile oak.
Other woodland floor plants here are primrose, wood anemone, enchanter's nightshade, woodruff or sweet-scented bedstraw, ramsons or wild garlic and dog's mercury.
Beside the streams, on steep sides and rocks, are many bryophytes, and ferns such as male fern, polypody and hart's tongue.
In the northern part of the site, many wych elms have been lost to Dutch elm disease, leaving clearings full of rose bay willowherb, bramble and bracken.
The Harrogate and District Naturalist's Society (HDNS) recorded 24 bird species here in March 2017, including mallard, sparrowhawk, grey wagtail, wren, robin, song thrush, blackbird, chiffchaff, great tit, long-tailed tit, nuthatch and chaffinch.
The lemon slug is a creature of ancient woodland which eats fungi; it has become rare due to loss of habitat.
The main principles of maintenance in this case are to make sure that the woodland is appropriate for the site's history, geology and geography, that it can continue to regenerate following the clearcutting of the 1930s, and that the protected habitat and biota can be supported.
Dead wood is good for fungi and invertebrates, but this wood constitutes a public area, so dying trees must be made safe especially in popular places.
Between August and February (to avoid the breeding season), non-Indigenous trees and shrubs may be cleared, and in some areas thinning may take place to maintain variety of woodland structure.
Light grazing by deer, cattle and rabbits is conducive to species diversity, but sometimes the woodland will need protection from these if they over-graze.
Some areas of the wood should be left completely unmanaged, with fallen trees permitted to pile up, providing habitat and insect food for a variety of wildlife.
Therefore, the site should be protected against commercial and agricultural water extraction or ground pollution by waste, fertiliser, herbicide and insecticide.
When the site was assessed on 28 May 2012, the first two larger units were judged to be in favourable condition.
Unit One, in the north, had mature woodland with old and young trees, fallen deadwood and some sycamore but not too much.
Unit Two, in the centre of the site, had been in less favourable condition but was now acceptable, with varied woodland, diverse flora and sycamore whose expansion had been cut back sufficiently but still required monitoring.
Established on May 17, 1909 in the Hero City of Saint Petersburg, the college is one of the oldest military educational institutions still in operation in Russia and is the military counterpart of the long standing Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health.
On May 17, 1909, Tsar Nicholas II formally granted the provisional regulations for military sports education, which were the basis for the formation of the current Military College.
It opened its doors on October 1, 1909 in Saint Petersburg as the Main Gymnastics and Fencing School (Главной гимнастическо-фехтовальной школе), which reported to the Commander of the Imperial Guard/Commanding General, Petersburg Military District and whose first cadets were military personnel of the Guards units and personnel of the district.
From the first days of the School’s existence, its command, faculty, and students did much to fulfill the school's fundamental mission to train military personnel in the modern studies of sports, health and physicial fitness education.
The first generation of military and civilian athletes, both of the Russian Empire and the first years of the Soviet Union, came out of the hours of studies in both military education and sports training in various sports disciplines offered in the school, who would then form the foundations of modern sport in Russia and post-Soviet countries.
Following the October Revolution the Council of People's Commissars, recognizing the importance of sports in the young Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR), reorganized the school, becoming the Soviet Military Gymnastics and Fencing Institute in 1918, the principal athletic center of the new Red Army and the nascent Soviet Armed Forces as a whole.
It was the Institute that formed up a military and athletic sports attitude for its cadets, who would be the foundation of a dynamic sports sector in the country.
In 1921, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee gave recognition to the efforts of the Institute when it was awarded the Revolutionary Red Banner of Honor.
It was in this status that the Armed Forces trained its future athletics, coaches, judges and sports officials for the hard but fruitful work in the sporting profession of the armed forces' CSKA system of sports teams, reinforced by a revised curiculum and improved scientific training in sports disciplines.
Its cadets fought bravely in the frontlines of the Great Patriotic War together with their alumni and college faculty members in both partisan formations and regular armed forces units, with 8 of its graduate athletes awarded the Gold Star Medal as Heroes of the Soviet Union.
In 1943, the College, then stationed in Moscow as a consequence of the long Siege of Leningrad, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in honor of its role in the war effort, and returned back to Leningrad after the war, where it remains to this day.
Since 2015 the Sporting School Cadet Corps St. Petersburg, which is operated under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense, is affilated to the Military College.
The college leadership help train the young boys and girls of the school not just in military training and education but also in sports, health and phyisical education training to train future athletes who are the vanguard of future generations of Russia's athletes who will help fulfill not just the needs of the armed forces but also the country's international committments to the wide world of global sports.
Shayan TV () is the first kids and teen's entertainment channel in Tatar language available in Russian Federation (through the Internet) with 24-hour broadcasting.
Supported by the President of Tatarstan Republic, the channel was launched in Tatarstan Republic on 12 November 2018 as the first Tatar channel for kids and teen.
The channel offers more than 20 original educational and learning programs, game shows and quizzes, animated films (popular science, documentary, feature films) dubbed in Tatar for audiences from 3 to 15 years old.
The main objective of the channel is to help to preserve and promote Tatar culture, education and mother tongue between the children.
In the game, players control Vasilisa - a young sorceress, who travels across the landscape of rural Russia, aiding commonfolk along the way.
A young girl named Vasilisa, destined to become a witch, decides to throw her fate away and marry her beloved - but that dream is shattered when her betrothed dies under mysterious circumstances.
Aching for her lost love, Vasilisa seeks out Black Book - a demonic artifact, said to be powerful enough to grant any wish to the one who uncovers all 7 of its seals.
It is the second game developed by Russian team Morteshka, their previous project The Mooseman takes inspiration from Finno-Ugric lore and the Chud tribes of Northern Europe.
The firm in 1893 made a monumental pipe organ for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair that was played in recitals by world-renowned organists.
William R. Farrand joined this new company a few months after they were formed and became financial manager as their Secretary/Treasurer.
The capacity of the factory was six hundred pianos, organs, and mechanical piano players per month or seven thousand two hundred units per year.
They made a large organ for the Carnegie Library in Pittsburgh, one for St. Ignatius Church in San Francisco, one for the Pabst Theater in Milwaukee, and one for the First Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston.
Farrand started his first full-time job, when he was 17 years old, as a clerk for the wholesale drug firm Farrand Williams & Company that his father started.
Farrand served as a member of the Detroit Board of Estimate in 1890-91 and in 1893 became the president of the association.
In 1893 the Mayor of Detroit appointed him a member of the public lighting commission and was promoted president in 1897.
He was a member of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, the Detroit Golf Club, the Country Club, the Wilderness Club, and the Lake St. Clair Shooting & Fishing Club.
Farrand was a member of the board of trustees of the Harper Hospital, and an elder of the Detroit First Presbyterian church.
Farrand was a delegate to the Presbyterian general assembly at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1895, and at Denver, Colorado, in May, 1909.
He formed the Farrand Bible class in 1904 and that developed into the Young Business Men's club of the First Presbyterian church.
In 1892 he organized a company of young men who were known as the Farrand Guards, a military and social organization.
Yelamanchili is a village and mandal headquarters of Yelamanchili mandal in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
Josephine Chan Shu-ying (; born 18 November 1958) is a Hong Kong politician and current chairman of the Tuen Mun District Council.
As a Democratic Party member, Chan has been member of the Tuen Mun District Council from 1994 to 2015 and again from 2020 for Siu Hong constituency and former member of the Regional Council.
Chan was graduated from University of Hong Kong in 1982 and became a secondary school teacher at Buddhist Sum Heung Lam Memorial College, where she met her husband Lee Wing-tat.
Chan was first elected to the Tuen Mun District Board in the 1994 election, where she won a seat in Siu Hong.
She was consecutively re-elected for four occasions, but lost to Mo Shing-fung of the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB).
She regained her seat in the 2019 election, where the pro-democrats gained the majority of the seat and elected Chan was the first female chairwoman of the council.
She ran again in 2012 for New Territories West as a first candidate, but failed to get elected with 25,892 votes.
Kyra Dickinson (born 3 January 1993) is a Canadian-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Master's FA and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
An auricular splint (AS) or ear splint is a custom-made medical device that is used to maintain auricular projection and dimensions following second stage auricular reconstruction.
The AS is made from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), which is typically used to make custom-made mouthguards and was developed by a team from Great Ormond Street Hospital in the United Kingdom.
The auricle is typically reconstructed using autogenous cartilage, which is the most reliable material for producing the best results with the least complications.
Cartilage from the knee and contralateral auricular cartilage from the concha have also been reported but costal cartilage is typically used as it is the only donor site that provides sufficient tissue to fabricate the complete auricular framework.
The AS is made from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), which is inert and non-toxic, non-absorbent, sufficiently elastic to allow it to fitted and removed but sufficiently rigid to avoid breakage.
The concept was first presented at the 2nd Congress of the International Society for Auricular Reconstruction in Beijing, China in September 2017 and published in the Annals of Plastic Surgery the following year.
The first stage involves taking an impression of the reconstructed auricle with Soft Putty Elastomer, which is cast in dental stone to make a model of the reconstructed auricle.
It is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and the editor-in-chief is William C. Lineaweaver (Joseph M. Still Burn and Reconstructive Center, Brandon, Mississippi, United States).
The journal is abstracted and indexed in CAB Abstracts, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, Embase, Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus.
In January 2020, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) announced that Martin Österdahl would become the new executive supervisor of the Eurovision Song Contest after the edition, succeeding Jon Ola Sand.
Prior to the appointment, Österdahl had been an executive producer for the and editions, and had been a member of the Eurovision Song Contest reference group between and .
Eligibility for potential participation in the Eurovision Song Contest requires a national broadcaster with active EBU membership that will be able to broadcast the contest via the Eurovision network.
Theodore H. Von Laue (1916 in Frankfurt, Germany - January 22, 2000 in Worcester, Massachusetts) was an American historian and professor emeritus of history at Clark University.
Austins was founded in 1924 by Robert Charles Austin who sent his son, Charles, to Newton Abbot to establish a new shop for their drapery business.
Three successive generations of Austins have run the firm: Charles took over from his father in the 1950s and his son, David Austin, took over in the late 1980s.
Austins were able to take on some of their rival's cosmetics and fashion brands, customers and staff and sales grew by 50% in the following year.
This store now incorporates 2-4 Courtenay Street which was granted protection as a grade II listed building on 6 June 1972.
Chhutti Jashe Chhakka is a 2018 Gujarati language drama film written and directed by Durgesh Tanna and produced by Nishant Thaker.
After losing some money in the share market he wants to earn some quick bucks to get rid of his problems.
He gets influenced by a childhood friend, Raj Nag aka Nagraj, who wants him to put his knowledge of cricket to the world of cricket betting - a seemingly easy and quick route to making a fortune.
Bruno Gatti (* 28 August 1941) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1960s for Black Stars Basel, FC Basel and then FC Biel-Bienne.
Before the winter break, he played with the Black Stars in the Cup against FC Basel and his club was knocked out of the compition.
He played his debut for his new team on 30 December 1962 in the Cup as Basel won against SC Burgdorf 7–1.
Two goals after half time, one by Heinz Blumer and the second from Otto Ludwig gave Basel a 2–0 victory and their third Cup win in their history.
He scored his first goal for his new club on 28 April 1963 against team Young Fellows as Basel won 4–2.
Between the years 1962 and 1964 Gatti played a total of 61 games for Basel scoring a total of 12 goals.
32 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, six in the Swiss Cup, three in the Cup of the Alps and 20 were friendly games.
He scored five goals in the domestic league, one un the domestic Cup and the other six were scored during the test games.
In September 2019, it was announced Malin Åkerman had joined the cast of the film and serve as a producer with Paul Leyden directing from a screenplay by Joseph Downey.
The FIA Global Pathway from Karting to Formula One is a program developed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the international sanctioning body for motorsports that is designed to assist racing drivers progress from karting to Formula One.
The program was first developed in 2014 with the creation of the Formula 4 category, and follows a tiered structure, with drivers racing in increasingly-powerful cars.
Each Formula 4 championship uses chassis and engines built to a single specification so that drivers can compete in multiple championships without having to adjust to a different car.
The second stage of the Global Pathway is Regional Formula 3, which puts drivers in cars that are progressively more powerful than those used in Formula 4.
Drivers will not be required to participate in Formula 2 to compete in Formula One, as success in Formula 3 will contribute to a driver's FIA Super Licence; however, of the series which are recognised as contributing to a Super Licence, Formula 2 will have the greatest weight.
Rather than creating a new series where none previously existed, the FIA chose to rebrand the GP2 Series as the FIA Formula 2 Championship starting in 2017.
Formula One represents the top tier of the Global Pathway, with the series recognised by the FIA as the premier class of open-wheel motorsport.
Other established open-wheel series, such as Formula Renault, are not considered to be a part of the Global Pathway, but will still contribute to a driver's Super Licence.
Robert R. Locke (born February 19, 1932, in Montebello, California) is an American educator, historian and economist and emeritus professor of history, business, and management at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
He received his PhD from University of California at Los Angeles in 1965 and was a Fullbright fellow in Germany and England.
It was constructed in the 15th-century as part of a Gothic-style church and was the site of William III's first proclamation in England.
The lower stage has a door on the west face set within a granite arch, the door is wooden and dates to the 20th-century.
One the east face of the lower stage the roof line of the former nave can be discerned i the stonework; below this is a small trefoil-topped window.
The upper stage has two arched windows in the centre of each face with a clock face below on the west and east faces.
A church had sat on this site, in the centre of Newton Abbot and the meeting point of its three main streets, since 1220 and is mentioned in a surviving document of 29 May 1350.
The nave was described as unremarkable aside from some oak seats to the east of the font which were particularly historic.
In 1688, William of Orange made his first proclamation in England from the market cross to the immediate east of the church.
The structure's use as a church had largely been supplanted by the newer church at nearby Wolborough but it was used for marriage and baptism ceremonies.
In the late 1960s the Central Electricity Generating Board proposed installing a substation within the tower and a local group raised funds to purchase the tower to prevent this.
Today the tower is owned by the Newton Abbot Town Council and looked after by the Newton Abbot Museum who open it to the public for free on selected days between May and September.
On June 23, 1945, Kemenov wrote the Soviet National Council of Foreign Affairs to request that the Soviet Union send artists to the United States and United Kingdom; the request met little interest.
In 1947, Kemenov joined Aleksander Fadeyev in asking the USSR to invite American writer John Steinbeck to visit; the Kremlin declined.
In 1958, VOKS became the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Contacts (SSOD), itself disbanded in 1992 follwoing the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.
She was named after James L. Ackerson, a naval constructor and the general manager and vice president of the US Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation from 1918-1920.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2013 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
Payal Arora is an Indian anthropologist, full Professor and Chair in Technology, Values, and Global Media Cultures at Erasmus University Rotterdam, author and consultant.
Payal Arora authored and co-edited numerous books and gave dozens of talks around the world, including a TEDx talk on the future of the internet.
She holds a Master's degree in International Development Policy from Harvard University and a doctoral degree in Language, Literacy & Technology from Columbia University.
Karuppu Subbiah was an Indian film actor who had acted over 300 Tamil language films in comedy roles and minor roles.
Esther Gehlin née Henriques (1892–1949) was a Danish-Swedish painter of Jewish descent whose water colours and oils include still lifes, interiors, portraits and landscapes.
From 1922, she and her artist husband Hugo Gehlin settled in the Swedish town of Helsingborg where local artists and writers frequently gathered in their home.
Born in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen on 24 March 1892, Esther Henriques was the daughter of the factory director Michael Emil Martin Henriques and Julie Christiane Poulsen.
After attending The Technical Institute from 1908, she was admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in 1911, graduating in 1915.
In 1922 they settled in Helsingborg, first in Raus and from 1925 in a house on S:t Clemens gata which became a venue for local artists, writers and actors to socialize.
For many years, Gehlin painted in water colours and oils, creating portraits, still lifes and landscapes, the latter inspired by views from her home which overlooked the city's port, houses and gardens.
Due to the worsening Lebanese civil war at the time, Khuri left the country for the United Kingdom and held a series of visiting professorships at the London School of Economics, University of Manchester, University of Chicago and the University of Oregon.
In 1964, Khuri completed his PhD in social anthropology at the University of Oregon, with his thesis being on the influence of men in Magburaka, Sierra Leone.
As a professor, he served multiple terms as chairperson of the university's Department of Sociology and the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences.
The book chronicles Bahrain's pre-modern history and proved controversial to the Bahraini government as the book was banned in the country despite high demand.
Due to escalations in the Lebanese civil war in 1987, Khuri resigned as professor and relocated with his family to the town of Reading, England.
From 1987 to 1992, he worked as the director of the Issam Fares Foundation on behalf of his Lebanese friend and businessman, Issam Fares.
Fuad Khuri was married to Sonia Jalbout Khuri, an AUB graduate of mathematics who taught the field in both Lebanon and the UK.
Deutsche Grammophon issued it on VHS video cassette, Laserdisc and DVD, and also released audio cassette and CD versions of its soundtrack.
Mozart was so impressed by Venanzio Rauzzini's performance as Cecilio that he was inspired to compose a motet specially for the castrato as a showcase for his virtuosity.
The architecture of its music suggests that it was modelled on Neapolitan symphonies and concertos, and its brilliant coloratura vocal writing is reminiscent of contemporary Italian opera.
He vowed in July that if she recovered, if their marriage plans were fulfilled and if he was able to introduce her to his father and sister in Salzburg, he would compose a Mass as an expression of gratitude.
Constanze did indeed get better, and the couple were married on 4 August: Mozart began work on his Mass shortly afterwards.
A letter that he wrote to Leopold on 4 January 1783 reported that the work was half finished and that he had every hope of completing it.
His sister Nannerl recorded in her diary that Constanze was the soprano soloist and Mozart the conductor when the Mass received its first performance in St Peter's Abbey on 26 October.
(It is conjectured that its omissions may have been repaired with borrowings from the other Mass settings that Mozart had composed while in the service of Hieronymus von Colloredo, Salzburg's Prince-Archbishop).
Some musicologists think that the ambition of the Mass's music was in part the consequence of Mozart's encountering the baroque masterpieces of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel in private concerts given by Baron Gottfried van Swieten.
Leonard Bernstein's album uses a performing score devised by Franz Beyer in 1989, which fills Mozart's lacunae with modest pastiches of his string writing but resists the temptation to embellish the music's texture with organ, brass or percussion parts.
But he found time to travel from Vienna to join his wife in a holiday in the spa town of Baden bei Wien.
The work was completed on 17 June, and was probably first performed on the feast of Corpus Christi, which in 1791 occurred six days later.
Leonard Bernstein's film of these three works - including his first ever performance of the Mass - was recorded in concerts and retake sessions on 4 and 5 April 1990 in the Stiftsbasilika in Waldsassen.
Attached to a Cistercian abbey and consecrated in 1704, the basilica was chosen as a filming location because of its acoustics, its tranquillity and the beauty of its rococo design, and also for reasons of philosophy.
Waldsassen is near the border between the German state of Bavaria and the Czech Republic, and has been claimed to be close to the centre of the European continent.
Making his album less than a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Bernstein regarded the town as an ideal place in which to perform music that he hoped would help Europe to make the transition from division and conflict to unity and peace.
However, it was questionable whether he had been wise to decelerate the last bars of the piece as though reluctant to say goodbye to it, making Mozart sound Mahlerian.
In any event, it was too late to ask Bernstein why he had conducted the music in the way in which he had.
As far as one could tell from just listening to Bernstein's CD rather than seeing the forthcoming video from which it was derived, his concert had been a happy one.
The album was an essential purchase for devotees of Bernstein, even though he was not famed as a Mozartian and his conducting was not idiomatic.
In 1991, Deutsche Grammophon released a 71-minute soundtrack of the album (omitting Bernstein's talk) on chromium dioxide, Dolby B audio cassette (catalogue number 431-791-4) and on CD (catalogue number 431-791-2).
The CD is accompanied by a 24-page insert booklet, designed under the art direction of Lutz Bode, including a photograph of Leonard Posch's 1789 boxwood relief of Mozart, a photograph of Waldsassen's Stiftsbasilika by Susesch Bayat, a photograph of Bernstein by Ludwig Schirmer, texts in English, French, German and Latin and notes by Peter Branscombe, Jean-Victor Hocquard, Wolfgang Hochstein and Paolo Gallarati in English, French, German and Italian respectively.
Also in 1991, Deutsche Grammophon issued the album on an 86-minute VHS video cassette (catalogue number 072-185-3) and an 86-minute CLV (extended play) PAL Laserdisc (catalogue number 072-185-1), both with 4:3 colour video and the latter with CD-quality digital stereo audio.
In 2006, Deutsche Grammophon issued the album on an 86-minute Region 0 DVD (catalogue number 00440-073-4240), with 4:3 NTSC colour video and with audio in both PCM stereo and an ersatz 5.1-channel DTS upmix created by Emil Berliner Studios of Langenhagen using the company's AMSI II (Ambient Surround Imaging) technology.
The DVD offers subtitles in Chinese, English, French, German, Latin and Spanish, and is accompanied by a 12-page booklet lacking texts but including notes by Wolfgang Stähr in English, French and German.
The Semanggi shootings in Jakarta, Indonesia, were two incidents when state troops opened fire on unarmed civilians and protesters during special sessions of parliament.
The second incident, Semanggi II, took place on 24 September 1999 and 12 people were killed and more than 200 wounded.
After long-serving President Suharto was forced to resign in May 1998 amid mass protests and deadly riots, student protesters continued to demand political reforms, particularly an end to the political role of the military and police.
In November 1998, a Special Session of Indonesia's People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) was convened to decide on a timetable for future national elections.
On 13 November 1998, thousands of students held a sit-down protest near Atma Jaya University and the Semanggi cloverleaf interchange leading to the parliament building.
The dead were identified as: Teddy Wardhani Kusuma, Sigit Prasetyo (YAI), Heru Sudibyo (Universitas Terbuka), Engkus Kusnadi (Universitas Jakarta), Muzammil Joko (Universitas Indonesia), Uga Usmana, Abdullah/Donit, Agus Setiana, Budiono, Doni Effendi, Rinanto, Sidik, Kristian Nikijulong, Sidik, Hadi.
On 24 September 1999, students in Jakarta and several other cities were protesting a proposed law that would give the Army wider powers in emergency situations.
The government and military's refusal to bring senior officers to trial for the Semanggi killings prompted civil society groups to call on the House of Representatives (DPR) to set up an ad hoc tribunal.
The DPR (legislators for the 1999-2004 period) in 2000 set up a Special Committee (Pansus) to examine whether the May 1998 Trisakti shootings and the two Semanggi incidents constituted gross violations of human rights.
Only three factions -- the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the Love for the Nation Democratic Party (PDKB) and the National Awakening Party (PKB) -- stated the killings contained the elements of gross human rights violations.
The other DPR factions -- Golkar Party, the military/police, the United Development Party (PPP), the Crescent Star Party (PBB), the Reformasi Faction, the Indonesian Nationhood Unity Party (KKI) and the Daulat Ummah Party (PDU) -- declared the killings were not gross human rights violations.
The DPR therefore decided the killings should be dealt with by military tribunals, rather than an ad hoc human rights court.
In June 2003, another military court sentenced an Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad) soldier, Buhari Sastro Tua Putty, for the shooting of Yun Hap at Semnanggi II.
Although it was proven at the tribunal that the bullet that killed Yun Hap came from Buhari's gun, Djdja Suparman, who headed Kostrad when Semanggi II occurred, later wrote a book in which he suggested that an unknown party might have been using Buhari's gun.
Meanwhile, the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) established a Commission of Inquiry into Human Rights Violations in Trisakti and Semanggi (KPP-TSS).
The military and police argued that Komnas HAM's inquiry was illegitimate because the DPR had ruled that no gross violations of human rights occurred, and hence the officers ignored summonses for questioning, forcing Komnas HAM to subpoena witnesses under Article 95 of the Human Rights Law.
Komnas HAM sent its case files to the Attorney General's Office to initiate prosecutions, but the files were deemed incomplete and sent back.
In 2007, some House factions tried to overturn the decision that the killings were not a gross violation of human rights, but the majority of parties rejected the proposal.
The Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras) questioned how the Attorney General's Office could make such a statement when it had never investigated the killings.
Under Law Number 26/200 on Human Rights Courts, the mechanism for declaring whether or not something is a gross human rights violation is: Komnas HAM investigates the incident, then the Attorney General's Office conducts a criminal investigation and prosecution, and a Human Rights Court tries the perpetrators.
He emerged as the winner of the 2019 Hello Tomorrow Global deeptech Challenge otherwise known as, BNP Paribas Group Deep Tech Award, for creating a handheld nanoscanner that detect fake drugs.
He had Master of Business Administration degree (with focus on Strategy and Finance) at the Lagos Business School - Pan-Atlantic University and holds Master of Advanced Management from Yale University - Yale School of Management.
He is an alumnus of Hitotsubashi University Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, and currently studying Master of Public Administration (Mason Program) at Harvard Kennedy School - Harvard University.
In 2016, Alonge co-founded RxAll Inc., with the intention of preventing patients from counterfeit medicines and provide a way for them to authenticate their drugs.
The RxAll team has essentially three co-founders, Alonge as the Chief executive official, Amy Kao as the Chief marketing officer, and Wei Liu as the Chief technology officer.
Adebayo Alonge speaks on social impact and technology at several events including recent engagements at the Kravis Lab for Social Impact, Hello Tomorrow, Moho, TechPoint, TechSauce Thailand and so on.
His rigorous data based detailed examination of social problems and straightforward recommendations with needs to be done for government, businesses and citizens, have been widely quoted, referenced and put to use across the world.
His work has been widely mentioned in the NewsWeek, Fast Company, The Guardian, Foresight, Yale, How We Made It in Africa, Hello Tomorrow and other notable platforms.
; Regional finalist, Hult Prize Global Case Competition; and awards in person from Barack Obama (ex-US president) and Justin Trudeau (prime minister of Canada).
Butt was educated at the University of Bristol where he graduated with a BSc in Botany and Zoology in 1980 and a PhD in the Fungal pathogens of aphids in 1983.
He leads the Biocontrol and Natural Products (BANP) team at Swansea University, he develops new control methods for insect crop pests, particularly with the use entomopathogenic fungi and biopesticides.
His group have also used entomopathogenic nematodes together with entomopathogenic fungi to target the large pine weevil which is a major pest of forestry feeding on the bark and stem of young trees, the combination increased the mortality of the weevil and reduced overall control costs.
The 1014 was developed to operate from the Austrian 15 kV AC, 16 2⁄3 Hz electrification, as well as the 25 kV AC, 50 Hz electrification used by ČD and ŽSR.
In 2009 the locomotives were withdrawn and stored, with the ÖBB selling the locomotives at scrap value between 2008 and 2010, with each locomotive sold for 15,000 euros each, compared to the approximately 4 million euros per locomotive originally paid.
Since November 2018, Yamin has given legal advice to Extinction Rebellion and taken part in many of their protests, including one where she glued herself to Shell's London offices.
Pakbirra is a village in the Puncha CD block in the Manbazar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Pakbirra had a total population of 1,754, of which 864 (49%) were males and 890 (51%) were females.
Most impressive of sculptures present in this temple is the colossal 7.5 feet high statue Shitalnatha and 8 feet high statue of Padmaprabha carved of polished black stone.
This temple have the basic tri-ratha plan with simplified squad of moldings and several level of the wall niches and lower façade stones.
That temple, facing west, perhaps enshrined the colossal figure of a Tirthankar over 2 meters high, with lotus symbol on its pedestal.
The temple also has sculptures of eight standing tirthankaras, including three Rishabhanatha, 2 of Mahavira, Sambhavanatha, Padmaprabha, Chandraprabha and two images of Yaksha and Yakshi beneath a tree with a Jina in the branches.
Three ayagapata or votive stupas and an idol of ambika with child and attendant, standing on her lion, beneath a flowering tea are also present here.
U.S. Caribbean region (in Spanish: ) is a term used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to refer to the waters belonging to the United States in the Caribbean Sea.
NOAA maps it as a natural region of the United States, located in the Caribbean Sea, made up of federal waters in and around Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, Navassa Island, and the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base.
Serranilla Bank, an uninhabited island, and Bajo Nuevo Bank, which are currently controlled by Colombia but claimed by the United States, are sometimes included in the region by NOAA.
Wilbur Dyre Hart (born 1943) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
The book argues that the class system in the United States is built upon the genocide of Native Americans and the enslavement of Africans and that the white working class in the United States constitutes a privileged labor aristocracy that lacks proletarian consciousness.
Arguing that the white working class possesses a petit-bourgeois and reformist consciousness, Sakai posits that the colonized peoples of the United States constitutes the proletariat.
In January 2020, it was announced by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) that Österdahl would replace Jon Ola Sand as the Executive Supervisor of the Eurovision Song Contest after the final of the contest taking place in Rotterdam in May 2020.
Österdahl had previously been the executive producer of the and contests (alongside Johan Bernhagen in 2016) in Malmö and Stockholm respectively and was a member of the Eurovision Song Contest Reference Group from 2012 to 2018.
Kala Suri Attanayake Mudiyanselage Podi Manike (born August 23, 1947 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Manike Attanayake, is an award-winning actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television.
In 1979, Attanayake engaged as a singer in Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation with a versatile range of singing in Noorthi, Nadagam and Classical.
She began her music career by making songs with a midi keyboard given to her by her brothers for her 15th birthday.
In 2016 she began releasing music, with three of her songs charting in the top 15 of the Dutch music charts.
Naaz has won two Edison Awards, a Dutch music award, and was nominated in two categories of the XITE Awards in 2017.
In January 2020 Naaz won two awards at the Music Moves Europe Talent Awards, a music awards ceremony funded by the European Union.
She has described in interviews that it was difficult to convince her parents to pursue a career in music, but that a Kurdish mentor in the music industry persuaded her parents to allow her to pursue music.
The draft amendments to the Constitution were submitted to a referendum in accordance with article 2 of the Law on Amendments to the Constitution.
Unlike a referendum carried out in accordance with the referendum law, voters will be asked whether they approve the entire revised constitution as a whole, rather than approving each amendment separately.
At the same time, there are no differences from the referendum, just as in 1993, when the All-Russian vote on the adoption of the Constitution was held, which was also not officially referred to as a referendum.
The exact date of the vote has not yet been announced, but it is known that it will take place before 1 May.
By 20 January, the proposed reforms were fully drafted into a legislative bill and had already been formally introduced into the State Duma for consideration.
By the time an initial vote on the bill takes place, likely on 23 January, fewer than ten days will have passed since the proposals were first suggested.
In addition to the amendments mentioned during the press conference, Putin also proposed a number of amendments to improve social policy and public administration.
Immediately after the address, Putin formed a working group to prepare amendments to the Constitution, which included 75 people, including politicians, legislators, scholars and public figures.
Putin noted that Russia’s parliament is legally capable of changing the Constitution, but he argued that a national vote is necessary to make the amendments legitimate.
While Putin said the package of amendments should be put to a nationwide vote, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that vote does not entail a referendum.
On January 20 Russian President Vladimir Putin submitted a bill on constitutional amendments to the State Duma (the lower house of parliament).
The renewal of the Constitution proposed by Russia’s President Vladimir Putin requires neither a referendum, nor convening of the Constitutional Assembly.
According to the Constitution, however, that is not the case: The results of a nationwide vote must be enforced as is.
All-Russian voting is not provisioned by the constitution or mentioned in any federal laws, regional laws or any other legal documents.
Tessa Keswick (born Annabel Terese Fraser, 15 October 1942) is a British policy analyst and the Chancellor of the University of Buckingham.
During that time she worked at the Department of State for Health, the Department of Education and Science, the Home Office and HM Treasury.
After resigning from this position in 1995, Keswick became executive director of the Centre for Policy Studies, eventually becoming its deputy chairman from January 2004 until April 2017.
In this role she contributed to, commissioned and published over 100 public policy pamphlets on the European Union, the Constitution, law and order, education, health, tax and regulatory affairs and women’s issues.
On the day of publication she was interviewed about it for Talk Radio, Radio Guernsey, and by Robert Elms for BBC Radio London.
Treblinka, located northeast of Warsaw, Poland, was once a concentration camp that was used to systematically murder nearly one million Jews.
By examining these discoveries at Treblinka, I hope to present a deeper understanding of the horrors that the Nazis attempted to cover up as a result of their disregard for human life.
Caroline Sturdy Colls, a Professor Conflict Archeology and Genocide Investigation at Staffordshire University, who specializes in Holocaust studies, led a team of archaeologists in the most recent excavations at the grounds of Treblinka extermination camp (Wikipedia Nov 11).
These discoveries prove the value of archaeology when documenting historical sites, discovering information and details that have been previously unavailable to historians.
During this first excavation, project leader Colls discovered that the Nazis had built a fake train station with a ticket counter and clock (Svoboda 2016).
Jews who were sent there were told they were going to a transit camp but were actually arriving at one of the largest death camps the Nazis had ever developed.
By using this technology, the archaeologists were able to recover information without disturbing the burial grounds, which would violate Jewish laws concerning respectful of the dead, also known as Jewish Halacha Law.
Colls has written her own book, Holocaust Archaeologies: Approaches and Future Directions, and is also one of the authors of Human Remains in Society: Curation and Exhibition in the Aftermath of Genocide and Mass-violence which was published in 2016 and mainly written by Jean-Marc Dreyfus and Élisabeth Anstett.
The team of archaeologists were shocked to find the deeply hidden evidence of the Nazi’s crimes, and it made them wonder how much more evidence could be hidden.
As for the book that Colls collaborated with Dreyfus and Anstett on, she got a chapter in the book to talk about a through the history of the Holocaust as well as her expertise on concentration camp archaeology.
The archaeologists found broken pieces of the tile while lined the gas chamber walls and had stars of David carved into them.
There were two gas chambers but the smaller one of the two stopped being used after the second bigger chamber was built.
Colls had learned previously from a survivor that the Nazis staged the gas chambers to look harmless so that the victims would not struggle to go inside.
Colls goes on to say the site was abandoned by the Nazis in 1943 and was not protected until it was levelled to create a memorial in the 1960s.
Colls and her team used remote sensing technology to detect things underground and put the data together in order to understand what actually happened on the grounds of Treblinka.
Over time there have been trees planted over where the former extermination and labour camp areas, which has forced Colls and her team to develop unique surveying techniques.
This technique was especially helpful for recreating the layout of the camp through trees and erosion that has occurred in the last seventy years.
It detects any evidence of burning or changes to the Earth’s magnetic field, which could help them find cremated human bodies.
While Colls and her team have uncovered ground-breaking evidence, there are many limitations to their work including the Jewish Halacha Law.
Although the bodies and other evidence are out of sight, the need for justice for the victims are just beginning to be served.
It is against Jewish law to disrupt the ground of this essentially large cemetery; therefore, it is a desolate place of mourning.
Hundreds of thousands of people died at Treblinka, a fraction of Europe’s population was murdered, and future generations need to be informed of the horrors of the Holocaust so that it never happens again.
In 1943, the Nazis destroyed what they could before leading the remaining prisoners on a death march, during which tens of thousands of prisoners would later die.
If a visitor of Treblinka is Jewish and knows someone who was killed there, they may have a much deeper and more meaningful experience compared to an atheist from America who simply wanted to see the remains in person.
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has a database in which decedents of the victims could attempt to find a record of their relatives.
This type of location and horror tends to bring people from different walks of life together to pay respects to the prisoner’s wrongful deaths.
Some survivors of Treblinka have come out and spoke about the horrors to inform the world and even to shut down the Holocaust deniers.
Sixty-seven people survived Treblinka, but the last living survivor died in 2016, so there is no longer anyone alive who can describe Treblinka from a first-hand perspective.
Colls has not stopped her work after the 2011 findings and will continue to try and unearth the evidence of the Nazi’s crimes during World War II.
Considering archaeologists continue to find further evidence of the Holocaust seventy years after the fact has left Colls and her team wondering if there is more to discover.
Prior to the findings in 2011, Holocaust deniers claimed there was not any evidence of exterminations at Treblinka, and that it was simply a transit camp which moved Jews from Poland to other locations across Europe (Wikipedia November 18).
Colls and her team have proved these people wrong and brought to light the true horrors that took place within the barbed wire fences of Treblinka.
My own narrative is now part of this ongoing documentation of Treblinka that I can share with those looking to seek more information about this sometimes forgotten or ignored human rights tragedy.
The site of the 80th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon) will be chosen by members of the 78th World Science Fiction Convention.
Waste management industry, or waste industry for short, subsumes all industrial branches concerned with waste management, waste dumping, waste recycling and - to a lesser degree - waste prevention.
There are more than 270,000 people working in some 11,000 companies with an annual turnover of around 70 billion euros (~$77,647,000,000).
On a global scale, the market size is expected to reach $530.0 billion by 2025 from $330.6 billion in 2017, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.0%.
The growth might even continue when, according to a World Bank report, global waste production will grow by 70% from 2018 to 2050, unless severe measures are taken.
The 2020 UAE Tour is a road cycling stage race, that will take place between 23 and 29 February 2020 in the United Arab Emirates.
George Washington's reception at Trenton was a celebration hosted by the Ladies of Trenton on April 21, 1789 in Trenton, New Jersey as the president-elect journeyed from his home at Mount Vernon to the his first inauguration in the then capital of the United States, New York City.
A ceremonial triumphal arch was erected on the bridge over the Assunpink Creek to commemorate his two victories here, the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776 and the Battle of the Assunpink Creek on January 2, 1777.
On April 6, 1789, after the 1788–89 United States presidential election, a joint session of Congress counted the votes of the Electoral College and reported that Washington had been elected president.
By April 20, he had reached Philadelphia and was greeted by a large crowd and a decorated arch at Gray's Ferry Bridge.
The next day, by about 2 pm, he crossed the Delaware River to the Trenton Ferry landing and entered the city riding on a white horse.
On the arch were two dates referring to his victories at Trenton: the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776 and the Battle of the Assunpink Creek on January 2, 1777.
Next, he went to the celebration at Princeton, site of his victory at the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777.
The Triumphal Arch was used at the entrance to the New Jersey State House to honor the Marquis de Lafayette during his 1824 tour of the country.
In 2018, a historic information sign, made over fifty years ago, was erected near the site of the old Trenton Ferry, now by the Lower Trenton Bridge, to celebrate this reception.
In 2019, the painting was donated by Wells Fargo to the university, the largest gift ever given to the university, valued at .
MORTAR was founded in 2014, with its first location in the Cincinnati neighborhood of Over-the-Rhine (OTR), which has the highest income inequality of more than 61,000 communities in the US.
MORTAR is funded and supported by several partners, including University of Cincinnati, Procter & Gamble (headquartered in Cincinnati), and the Cincinnati Center City Development Corporation (3CDC).
The men's 100 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles took place on 6 August at the Albert Gersten Pavilion.
Ludivine Loiseau (born August 27, 1980) is a former French Paralympic swimmer who has competed in three Paralympic Games and has won twelve medals.
Loiseau was awarded the Legion of Honor by Jacques Chirac for her medal success in both Paralympic and world championship events.
Two Mountains was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, in a rural area north-west of Montreal.
It was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The district was located in a rural area, north-west of Montreal, bordered by the Ottawa River, the boundary with Canada West, in the area now known as the Deux-Montagnes Regional County Municipality.
His father, Yoon Ki-joong, is a retired educator from Daegu graduated from Yonsei University and Hitotsubashi University who later established the Korean Statistical Society and now as a full member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea.
Shortly after the Gwangju Uprising, Yoon and his colleagues held a mock trial, where he acted as the prosecutor demanded the death penalty for the President of the Republic Chun Doo-hwan.
In 1999, he arrested an Assistant Commissioner Park Hui-won who was involved in corruption despite of strong objections from bureaucrats of the Kim Dae-jung cabinet.
In January 2002, Yoon shortly worked as a lawyer at Bae, Kim & Lee but quitted as he felt he is not suitable to hold the position.
On 19 May 2017, the newly-elected President Moon Jae-in appointed Yoon as the Chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office.
His nomination was welcomed by the ruling Democratic Party and the Party for Democracy and Peace, but was also opposed by the Liberty Korea Party and the Bareunmirae Party.
President Moon ordered him to be neutral, adding that any kind of corruptions must be strictly investigated though it is related to the government.
After Choo Mi-ae was appointed as the new Minister of Justice, she took an action against several prosecutors who are close to Yoon.
Valerio Seta was born in Verona, Italy in 1562 and ordained a priest in the Order of Friar Servants of Mary.
She returned to Malta to take up an academic position in the Department of English at the University, and is notable for being the first Maltese female full-time lecturer at the University of Malta.
On 31 December, it was revealed that the band would be releasing their new album on 21 February after the German version of Amazon accidentally leaked the product listing for the effort.
Her interest in the history of medicine led her to participate in The 1619 Project with her contribution highlighting the work of Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
This is a list of Guam's official representatives and their placements at the Big Four international beauty pageants, considered the most important in the world.
It is the home field of the Connecticut Huskies baseball team of the NCAA Division I's American Athletic Conference (The American).
It is named after former UConn baseball player Doug Elliot and his family, who provided a major gift towards the construction of the venue.
Anne Marie Huth Jackson was born at Aix-les-Bains in 1909, the daughter of the banker Frederick Huth Jackson and the poet Claire Annabel Caroline Grant Duff.
Anne Fremantle stood as a Labour candidate in the 1935 general election, challenging Alfred Duff Cooper's safe Conservative seat of Westminster St George's, and managed not to lose her deposit.
The couple lived in New York, but increasingly spent time each year in Paris and Mexico, where Christopher Fremantle lectured to other followers of Gurdjieff.
Narayanan, better known as Pasi Narayanan, was an Indian stage and film actor known for performing comedic roles alongside actor Goundamani.
Kólginov was born in 1978, in the village of Abai in the Turkistan Region of the Kazakh SSR into a large family.
In 2001, he worked as the chief specialist, acting in the personnel department of the Central Office of the Public Prosecutor.
From 2002 to 2003, he worked as a prosecutor of the Department for the Formation of Legal Statistics of the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records of the General Prosecutor's Office.
From 2007 to 2008, he was the Head of the Department for Analysis and Development of By-Laws of the Ministry of Justice.
From 2010 to 2012, he worked as a state inspector of the department of state control and organizational and territorial work of the Presidential Administration.
From 8 February 2012 to 4 April 2013, Kólginov was the Deputy Akim of the West Kazakhstan Region until he was appointed as an Akim of Oral in which he served that position until 26 March 2016, when he became the Akim of West Kazakhstan Region.
The 1985 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Bridger Bowl Ski Area in Bozeman, Montana as part of the 32nd annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Wyoming, coached by Tim Ameel, claimed their second team national championship, 20 points ahead of Utah in the cumulative team standings.
On November 18, 2019, it was confirmed that she will take part at the 2020 Festival de Viña del Mar, performing on January 24.
At the time of the release, the singer confirmed that this was the first cut from her upcoming fourth studio album.
Launched in 2014 by Michael Berkowitz as a men's outerwear brand, the idea behind Norwegian Wool was to bring together high end Italian tailoring and industry leading insulation.
The brand mission is to produce a coat that is both high style and high function, featuring a full down lining but without the bulk of an average puffer coat.
Bobur Abdikholikov (Bobir Abdixoliqov) (born 23 April 1997) is an Uzbekistani footballer who plays as a forward for FC Nasaf in Uzbekistan Super League and Uzbekistan under-23 national team.
He was born in Israel, studied in Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh under his uncle Rabbi Chaim Yaakov Goldvicht, the Rosh Yeshiva, and had close ties to Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rabbi Ovadia Yosef.
Goldwicht's sons include Rabbi Elyada Goldwicht, founder of the Semichat Chaver Program, Rabbi Eitiel Goldwicht, a rabbi at Aish HaTorah and assistant rabbi of Beit Knesset Hanassi in Rehavia, and Rabbi Aviad Goldwicht, who has a regular shiur in Beit Kenesset Chorev in Rechavia and is on his third cycle of Daf Yomi beIyun in English.
She studied studied Nordic Studies, German Studies and Political Science in College and went on to get a PhD in 2002 from Linköping University.
The men's high jump event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb with the final on 19 July 1987.
The 2020 Guangzhou R&F season is the 10th year in Guangzhou R&F's existence and its 10th season in the Chinese football league, also its 9th season in the top flight.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The listed buildings consist of houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, a church and items in the churchyard, and the lodge to a former hall.
He was a trend scout for companies like Adidas and part of the development team that designed the Red Bull Music Academy in 1997.
After a year as assistant to the board at Senator Entertainment (film production and distribution), he became manager at Vodafone from 2001 to 2005.
In 2004, he founded, with Kurt Thielen, the startup Zebralution as a digital distributor for independent labels, in which he was co-managing director until the complete takeover by Warner Music in 2010.
With Lazimbat as managing director, the company took over the digital distribution for publishers such as Bastei Lübbe, and Orell Füssli.
He also worked as a consultant for digital companies such as tape.tv, FATdrop, Magix, Stagelink, Ampya, Magic Internet and Pluto TV.
Effective April 1, 2017, Lazimbat bought back Zebralution from Warner Music as part of a four-member consortium with Kurt Thielen, Christof Ellinghaus (City Slang) and Konrad von Löhneysen (Embassy of Music) and returned to Zebralution as Chief Operating Officer & General Counsel.
In connection with the expansion of the business to spoken word content such as audio books, the podcast subsidiary company zebra-audio.net was founded.
In 2019, Zebralution bought the technical service provider Encoding Management Service (EMS), with which the company had been working since 2005.
Election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic is expected to be held in February 2020 following death of incumbent President Jaroslav Kubera.
Al-Muhājir ibn Khālid ibn al-Walīd (died 657) was an Arab soldier in the army of Caliph Ali () and son of the prominent general Khalid ibn al-Walid.
Muhajir was a son of Khalid ibn al-Walid, a member of the Banu Makhzum and a leading general of the early Muslim conquests.
Unlike his paternal brother Abd al-Rahman, Muhajir supported Caliph Ali () in the First Muslim Civil War and died fighting against the army of Ali's principal enemy, the governor of Syria and future founder of the Umayyad Caliphate Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, at the Battle of Siffin in the summer of 657.
After Abd al-Rahman was alleged to have been poisoned to death on Mu'awiya's orders in 666/67, Muhajir's son Khalid from Mecca killed his uncle's alleged poisoner Ibn Uthal in Syria, was arrested and released after paying blood money.
Khalid ibn Muhajir was also a poet and sided with Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, a rival claimant to the caliphate, against the Umayyads during the Second Muslim Civil War.
She survived, despite spending much of the time during those twelve years in prisons and concentration camps: her health was badly affected.
Despite being an unusually liberal minded man, happy alike to treat the urban poor and members of the family of the local prince, Martin Overlach was not politically involved.
Her father's death in 1912 left the family in financial difficulties and she was obliged to take a full-time office job.
Following the outbreak of war in the late summer of 1914 she had, in addition, volunteered as a nursing auxiliary at one of the city's improvised military hospitals.
It is not clear how politically active Helene Overlach had been in 1914, but by the time the war ended four years later she was committed to the political left, which in Germany at the time correlated with uncompromising anti-militarism and opposition to the war.
The war had been conducted for and by imperialists, while the workers had paid the price in blood and impoverishment, according to a political pamphlet she came across in 1917 which turned out to have been produced by a (still virtually unknown) Russian Marxist identifying himself as Vladimir Lenin.
During the first part of 1919 she supported herself by working as a teacher at a Berlin business school, but in October of that year she relocated to Munich where she worked as a typist in a lawyer's office.
Her stay in Munich seems to have been brief, since according to at least one source, during 1920 she joined the Communist Party itself, not in Munich but as a member of the party's regional party group, far to the north, in the Hamburg-Wasserkante region.
In 1921 she also took a job with the party, working as a typist-secretary at the young party's main office in Berlin.
During this period she worked for a time with Wilhelm Pieck, a clever and ambitious politician who would emerge nearly thirty years later as the first president of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
This included some time during 1922/23 based in Düsseldorf at the party's main office for the heavily industrialised western region, where she worked principally for party comrade .
Although her typing and secretarial were evidently more noteworthy and valued by the party in the 1920s than equivalent abilities would have become a century later, Helene Overlach also found time to branch out into politicised journalism.
Helene Overlach's work at the heart of the party bureaucracy meant that she came to know leading party members, several of whom appear to have been impressed by her.
During 1923 Helene Overlach was sent to meet Zetkin at Hamm railway station, a short distance to the north-east of Essen.
Overlach's selection was almost certainly connected with her unfailing support for her party comrade Ernst Thälmann, whose own star was also in the ascendancy: supported by Party General Secretary Stalin, Thälmann took over as party leader in Germany later that same year.
Overlach's progression from party official to the lower echelons of the German party leadership team will also have benefitted from her having impressed Klara Zetkin, who lived during this time in Moscow and enjoyed cordial relations with the Soviet party leadership.
In 1929 she was listed as a candidate for membership of the party politburo, which under a conventional Leninist party structure would have represented a further major promotion.
However, in the Communist Party of Germany during the 1920s and 1930s the politburo remains a somewhat shadowy body: on the one hand there is no report in sources accessed of Overlach having made the final step from candidature to membership of it.
For Communist members, including Helene Overlach, Reichstag membership came with membership of the , which had been set up on 4 November 1928 in the context of Party Leader Thälmann's strategy of moving closer to the Soviet Communist Party (in the process further isolating the Communist Party from potential political allies in Germany).
Overlach remained a member of the Reichstag from May 1928, through three more general elections, till March 1933, despite being out of the country for much of the time.
The aftermath of the Wall Street crash was a period of high unemployment and intensifying political polarisation in Germany: Overlach was badly injured in a street demonstration in 1930.
After this there are no further references in sources accessed to the RFMB of which she had been deputy chair, and she probably stepped back from her political work while she recovered.
During her time in Moscow Overlach was invited, on returning west, to undertake research into the extent and nature of party work undertaken by women in France and England.
According to one source, while carrying out this instruction she met several western communist leaders including Maurice Thorez and Harry Pollitt.
Between them the National Socialist Party and Communist Party controlled more than 50% of the votes, but the democratic parties were fragmented there was no question, of the anti-democratic parties governing in coalition either with one another or with some broad coalition of democratic parties or with each other.
Along with her political activity, by the end of 1939 she had also successfully arranged for her daughter, by this time aged around 8, to be taken to Switzerland where the child was safely out of the way till 1942, when the Swiss authorities deported her back to Germany.
Time already spent in detention was off-set against the overall sentence in the usual way: between December 1933 and December 1936 she experienced the insides of the at , the at Schwäbisch Gmünd and the at Aichach.
There are suggestions that her release came in May or June 1938 only because the security services were convinced that she was too ill with heart disease to present a security threat.
The government responded by digging out for retribution a list of several thousand people who had been politically active before 1933.
Overnight, on 22/23 August 1944, an estimated 5,000 were arrested across Germany: most were promptly delivered to the closest concentration camp.
The slaughter of war had left Germany particularly short of able-bodied workers, with the result that more and more of the daily administrative work in the concentration camps was undertaken by selected inmates.
Her comrades also found a way to arrange a false name and the identity papers necessary for Overlach to remain undetected among the Polish women.
Although there was no longer any doubt that the end of the war was imminent, as the buses transporting the women left Ravensbrück on 25 April 1945, fighting around Berlin was still intense.
The immediate aftermath of war was a chaotic time, especially in what remained of Germany: normally reliable sources differ significantly about Helene Overlach's stay in Sweden.
One states that following her arrival in southern Sweden she was interned till July 1945: she then, in August 1945, returned to Berlin.
Elsewhere it is recorded that in of before June 1945 she had settled in Västerås, a manufacturing city a short distance to the west of Stockholm: she remained in Sweden for nearly a year.
It seems most likely, that having in most respects recovered her health, she returned to Berlin in April 1946, and was again reunited with her daughter Hanna, by now aged not quite fifteen.
While the eastern third of pre-war Germany had now become part of Poland, the western two thirds were placed under military occupation, divided into four different occupation zones.
The eastern part of Berlin to which Overlach now returned was now, , administered as part of the Soviet occupation zone.
Overlach worked in what later became known as East Berlin in a succession of senior positions in education administration, early on becoming head of the section dealing with girls' vocational education.
Directly after the war Berlin was not formally divided administratively: most of the physical divisions which would later divide the city were only set in place, progressively, during the 1950s.
Her high political profile before 1933 along with the quantity and quality of state honours that she received in later life have led commentators to question why she never returned to the political mainstream in East Germany.
But it also became clear, over time, that the group of 30 men who flew into Berlin from Moscow at the end of April 1945 under the leadership of Walter Ulbricht had arrived with their own meticulously prepared nation building programme.
During the 1950s those few political figures who rose to prominence in the party central leadership team, such as Paul Merker, who had survived the war years somewhere other than the Soviet Union, found themselves more than averagely likely to fall victim to the leader's permanent mistrustfulness.
Simply by having spent the Hitler years in Germany and then surviving the experience, she risked becoming an object of suspicion among politically ambitious comrades taking their lead from Ulbricht.
At the end of 1954 Helene Overlach, now aged 60, was driven by serious heart disease to retire from her professional roles.
The men's 1500 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 17 and 19 July 1987.
New England Revolution II is a professional soccer club playing in the USL League One, the third division of American soccer.
On October 9, 2019, the New England Revolution announced the formation of a reserve team in USL League One that would begin play in the 2020 season and that they would play at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough.
Yip Cheuk Man (; born 12 October 2001) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who plays as a defender for Hong Kong Premier League club Happy Valley.
Leon Lyons (born ) is a South African rugby union player for the in Super Rugby and in the Rugby Challenge.
He made his Currie Cup debut while on loan at the in their match against the in September 2018, coming on as a replacement prop.
Monahon began researching historical reenactment in 2015, first interviewing Revolutionary War reenacters in Massachusetts and News York, then interviewing Civil War reenacters and performance artist Dread Scott who produced a 2017 reenactment of the 1811 German Coast uprising.
Mohahon's play is created entirely from the words of her politically, ethnically and socioeconomically diverse interviewees, whose views of their hobby evolve over the years during which the interviews took place.
Lian Ngyuyen Pham (born 21 October 1984) is an American serial entrepreneur who became notable in the Houston, Texas area after her several startups and creation of the Conservative Food Hall, the city’s first venture of its kind and the starter of the Market hall trend with 7,000 square foot space located in the heart of Houston.
Pham is also known for developing people into reaching a higher state of consciousness through Theta waves and her study in biohacking.
Lian Ngyuyen Pham was born on 21 October 1984 in Little Rock, Arkansas, after her parents fled Vietnam in 1975 during the time of the Vietnam War.
Pham and her family later settled to Houston, Texas where her parents continued the operation of their business that had an influence on Pham’s work.
It was in 2001 that Pham started her partnership with Anh Mai, together they formed an entrepreneurial incubator that has created notable businesses in the tech and entertainment space.
In the next years Pham started discovering biohacking and how the biocomposition of the human brain can be adapted to reach peak performance.
She has written a few articles for MSNBC and Thriveglobal for claiming that reaching peak performance is heavily determined by your ability to reach an optimal amount of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.
Pham also has recognized Theta Waves are the frequencies of the unconscious mind of which are common right before someone is to sleep, and also prevalent in deep meditation.
In 2014, The Prohibition later moved to the 1912 Isis Theatre and was later expanded into Conservatory, and Bravery Chef Hall.
In 2019, through the privately owned Pearl Fund invested in Pham to open a 60,000 square foot development in Houston’s Innovation district for the growth of startup culture.
The investment in startup culture improves the social and economic impact on the communities where they operate through the high flow of venture capital that will flow through the area bringing in returns for the city’s economy.
He studied photography at Arizona State University and graduated with a Master of Fine Arts at Hunter College in New York City.
He has held performances and exhibitions at Art Basel, The High Line, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, The Whitney Museum, MoMA P.S.1, and The Kitchen amongst other places.
The studio included backdrops and props, found objects, set pieces and costumes, and rolling cameras overseen by the artist and assistants.
For part of the Works & Process series at the Guggenheim Museum in 2017, McNamara collaborated with John Zorn to re-stage a commedia dell'arte that included just under a dozen dancers, a jazz trio, an a cappella quartet, and the nooks and crannies of the museum space itself.
McNamara has a range of influences including dancer and choreographer Merce Cunningham, composer John Zorn, artist Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt, the Internet, New York's club kids, ballet, SAGE, science fiction, and more.
Born in Yokohama according to many sources, but it has also been said he was actually born in Yodobashi, Tokyo and later moved to Yokohama.
There he attended what is now Kanto Gakuin University's high school division, but failed to graduate, frequently running away from home during this period.
In 1960, his became a runner-up for the 5th Edogawa Rampo Prize, and the release of this in book format marked his debut as novelist.
His was awarded the 14th Mystery Writers of Japan Award, after which he resigned from the Postal Ministry and became a full-time professional writer.
The samurai period gambler piece that brought Sasazawa lasting fame was his Kogarashi Monjirō series, begun with the episode entitled .
The book was TV-dramatized with Atsuo Nakamura playing the leading role of the gambler Monjirō, and the program achieved immense popularity.
Some of his outputs in modern settings from the subsequent period include the child-kidnapping novel , called a masterpiece on par with his earlier great works; which launched the Detective Isenami series; was a time-limit kidnapping story with a twist, the scandal-monger must devise a ransom for the perpetrator who only wants vengeance; features a well-crafted locked room gimmickry.
With declining health in 1987, he recuperated at a hospital in the town of Mikatsuki, Saga which bore a name similar to (Mikazuki Village), the fictitious birthplace of Monjirō.
After being discharged, he made the adjacent town of Fujichō his home, and although he had to relocate in 1995 to in Saga city for hospital access, the Fujichō residence later became the Sasazawa Saho Memorial Museum.
In 2001 he returned to Kodaira, Tokyo, and succumbed to liver cancer (HCC) on 21 October 2002 at a hospital in Komae, Tokyo.
He wrote a study in sensual-erotic suspense with the novel which was adapted into film, and crime novels consisting entirely of conversation, such as , and , and where the alibi trick undergoes a complete 180-degrees plot-twist.
is a 17-minute black-and-white short film directed by David Lynch, which premiered on November 8, 2017, at the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Paris.
Donna M. Owens ( ) is an American Republican politician who served as the mayor of Toledo, Ohio from 1983 until 1989.
Owens served as a city councilwoman from 1979 until 1983, when she successfully ran for city mayor, making her the first female to hold the position.
In November 1987, Owens was elected to a third term after defeating Democratic opponent Carty Finkbeiner with 46,378 votes to his 42,787.
In 1988, Owens spoke before a joint session of Congress on the role of military intervention in the war on drugs.
She stressed the need for devoting more resources to combating the import of crack cocaine, and suggested using aircraft such as AWACS, E-2Cs or P-3s to assist in detecting and intercepting drug traffickers.
On August 30 1990, she was nominated to the position of Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance at the Department of Justice.
In June 2006, Owens was found guilty on misdemeanor charges for failing to disclose political contributions from Republican donor Tom Noe.
Owens, along with Lucas County Commissioner Maggie Thurber, Toledo City Councilman Betty Shultz, and former state representative Sally Perz all pleaded no contest and were fined $1000, plus additional investigative and court costs.
In October 2016, Owens made opening remarks at the Seagate Convention Center at a campaign rally for presidential candidate Donald Trump.
Born and raised in the remote Northern Ontario indigenous community of Ombabika, Chacaby escaped the Indian residential school system only because she was away hunting with her father when government agents arrived in the community during the Sixties Scoop.
She later lived in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Thunder Bay, Ontario, and sparked a local controversy when she openly identified herself as a lesbian in a television news story for Thunder Bay Television in 1988.
The Nelson Garrison Band was a military brass band in the New Zealand Army that served the citizens of the city of Nelson in the eastern shores of Tasman Bay.
It was one of 5 garrison bands in the New Zealand Army and is considered by many to be the country's first brass band.
During its existence, the bamd had served as the premier brass band in the city of Nelson, often working with other brass bands such as the Nelson Citizen's Silver Band.
In late April 1888, in the presence of about 250 citizens, the band took part in the opening of the Nelson Athletic Ground Company.
That same year, the band was dissolve, with another Garrison Band being formed in 1890, and Fred House serving as conductor.
In 1964, the number of army bands was reduced to seven, with the Nelson Garrison Band being one of them in order to create a larger New Zealand Army Band.
It later changed its name to the Nelson Municipal Band and the Nelson City Brass throughout the latter half of the 20th century.
She was educated locally from the age of ten, at a dame-school where she learned to read and write and do needlework.
Bray assisted her in getting her work published and considered her a friend though the vast difference between their classes at the time prevented a closer relationship and when later publishing her letters Bray edited them to remove the specific reference to Colling as her friend though keeping in her admiration of her.
The women's 800 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 17, 18 and 19 July 1987.
Pupinella frednaggsi is a species of pulmonate gastropod in the family Pupinidae from the regions surrounding Luang Phrabang, in Central Laos.
The men's 110 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles took place on 7 August at the Albert Gersten Pavilion.
Nadiapur railway station became operation in 2008 with the meter gauge line from Lumding to Agartala but later in 2016 entire section converted into broad gauge line.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
Sandys was the only son of Sir Walter Sandys and his wife Mabel, daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton.
He served as a JP in Hampshire from 1604, a freeman and alderman of Winchester from 1607, Commissioner of Gaol Delivery for Winchester from 1612, and High Sheriff of Hampshire 1611–12.
It is primarily used for NCAA and is the home field of the Clemson Tigers of the Division I Atlantic Coast Conference.
The stadium opened in 2020, with the launch of the Tiger softball program, and contains seating for 1,000, additional spectator space on a grass berm, and player development areas.
Nanjil Nalini (1944-2020) was an Indian actress who mainly appeared in Tamil films and TV serials (soap-operas), in a career spanning over 50 years.
An early inclination to acting led her to Tirunelveli town, where she joined a theatre troupe, at the age of 12.
She later went on act in drama troupes of legendary Tamil theatre artistes like T. K. Shanmugam (TKS), S. S. Rajendran, Major Sundarrajan and ‘Vairam Nataka Sabha’.
Nanjil Nalini’s talents and experience in theatre led to Tamil Cinema in Chennai, where she was given a small role in the 1968 Sivaji Ganesan starrer, Enga Oor Raja .
Nalini acted in some well-known Tamil films of the 1970’s, 80’s and 90's in films of some major actors of the time - with Kamal Haasan in Aadu Puli Attam (1977), Rajinikanth in Dharma Yuddham (1979) and Sathyaraj in Rickshaw Mama (1992).
In later years, she acted in some popular Tamil TV serials (soap-operas) like Azhagi, Valli, Mandhira Vaasal, Soolam, Krishnadasi, Achcham Madam Naanam and Brindhavanam.
She began playing the violin at the age of three, and at aged 11 enrolled for a composition course at The Walden School, New Hampshire.
Moving to the UK she studied with Giles Swayne at Cambridge, and then afterwards with Simon Bainbridge and Oliver Knussen at the Royal Academy of Music.
It was written to be performed inside a specially constructed building at the Aldeburgh Festival, created with architectural designers Finbarr O’Dempsey and Andrew Skulina.
It premiered at St Luke Old Street on 19 October, 2018, played by the London Symphony Orchestra with soloist Lauren Fagan.
The Corps became responsible for the coastal defence of the Ligurian coast, as well as anti-partisan actions, and construction of fortifications on Elba and around Genoa, La Spezia and Livorno.
Between 17 and 20 August 1944, the Corps was pulled back from the front and moved to the area around Turin.
This was in response to the Allied landings in the south of France, which created the danger that these troops would move into Italy via the Alpine passes.
After the Allied spring offensive was launched in April 1945, the Corps was attacked from behind and forced to capitulate together with the rest of the Axis troops in Italy.
Aniela Kupiec (5 April 1920 – 11 September 2019) was a Polish poet and public figure from Zaolzie region of Cieszyn Silesia in the Czech Republic.
Three months after she was born, the region of Cieszyn Silesia, where she had been born in was divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia as a result of the Spa Conference.
This was an unwelcome change from the office work she did briefly in the Třinec Iron and Steel Works before the war cost her that job.
In the 1950s she was involved in folk activities of the Polish Cultural and Educational Union, and in meteorology where she recorded weather data.
She was always writing poems but she did not regard herself as a poet, and it was not until 1981 that her first book of poetry was published.
Poets who wrote in Cieszyn Silesian generally regarded their work as part of the Polish literary tradition, rather than belonging to a new literary language.
The College of Biomedical Sciences offers three Post-Baccalaureate Masters Degree Programs in Biomedical Sciences and a PhD degree in Clinical and Translational Research.
The College of Pharmacy, the first and only College of Pharmacy in Miami-Dade County, offers a three-year Doctor of Pharmacy program (the only 3 year PharmD program in Florida) and graduated its inaugural Doctor of Pharmacy class in May 2019.
She had an overall length of , a beam of , gross register tonnage of 1,221 tons and a speed of .
Originally, she was used to carry mail and after 1914 as a hospital ship and a minelayer in the service of the Imperial Navy.
Around 4:00 am of 19 January 1947, while sailing in fog in the South Euboean Gulf, the vessel hit a reef near the Verdugia () islets, which are located between Agia Marina () and Nea Styra ().
However, the panic during her disorderly abandonment, combined with the low temperatures and strong sea currents, resulted in around 400 people perishing.
The Pilot 35 is an American sailboat that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1962.
The boat was designated as Sparkman & Stephens design #1727 and was intended as fiberglass boat especially for Henry R. Hinckley & Company (Hinckley Yachts), who built the design in Southwest Harbor, Maine, United States.
A total of 117 examples of the design were completed between 1962 and 1975, but it is now out of production.
It features a spooned raked stem, a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel.
The boat is fitted with a Westerbeke 4-107 FWC diesel engine of or a Universal gasoline engine for docking and maneuvering.
The galley is a split design, with the two-burner, alcohol-fired stove and oven and sink to port and the refrigerator to starboard, the top of which serves as a navigation station.
The toerails, handrails and the long, sweeping cockpit coaming, as well as all other topside trim parts, are all made from teak wood.
This is a list of Nigeria's official representatives and their placements at the Big Four international beauty pageants, considered the most important in the world.
The station made two unsuccessful attempts operating, once from November 1960 to January 1961 and again from September 1961 to January 1962.
WTVI equipment, buildings and personnel later were used in the start-up of two other stations, one of them in Fort Pierce.
On April 19, 1955, the Federal Communications Commission granted Gene T. Dyer a construction permit for a new television station to operate on channel 19 at Fort Pierce.
In 1956, WTVI proposed to have the then-vacant channel 3 allocation at St. Petersburg moved to Fort Pierce for its use, noting that there were no applicants for the channel and UHF conversion rates in Fort Pierce were below 10 percent.
Educational interests in the St. Petersburg area resisted the proposal, noting that a group was being formed to apply for it, and the bid to move channel 3 was denied in 1957.
The larger of the two was that a cable system was gearing up to serve Fort Pierce at the same time WTVI began building its facility.
Florida Cablevision promised to fill the blanks for Treasure Coast viewers with missing CBS and ABC service (the only station that came in regularly was WPTV), which WTVI sought to provide directly.
The Federal Aviation Administration cleared the tower, from the county airport, though some on the county's airport commission feared the approval could jeopardize the airport's eligibility for federal funds.
The signal was also available on the cable system; subscribers to Florida Cablevision would not need a UHF converter to see WTVI.
On February 10, 1961, owner Dyer announced that the station would cease telecasting at the end of the day due to financial troubles.
In a statement, Dyer noted that he had spent $500,000—more than the projected $250,000—and wanted investors to help shoulder the burden.
Dyer sold the dark television station for $175,795 to Atlantic Broadcasting Company, which owned KFEQ-TV in St. Joseph, Missouri, and a radio station in Jefferson City in the same state, in mid-1961.
The sale price was less than the $300,000 in costs Dyer incurred building WTVI and mostly consisted of a debt to General Electric.
It missed an interest payment to Dyer in October, and in December, Atlantic told Dyer that it wanted to cancel its purchase of the business.
Later that month, Atlantic filed a formal complaint with the FCC, stating that competition from the cable system had placed a financial strain on WTVI.
The special temporary authority that Atlantic sought when the station went dark turned permanent when Atlantic conveyed the facility back to Dyer and surrendered the license.
Jesse D. Fine, the president of Atlantic, explained that if WTVI had operated for a year, it would have lost an estimated $80,000 to $100,000.
When WTVI closed for the second time, local leaders sensed an opportunity to provide a facility that did not exist in the Indian River area: an instructional television station.
The county school superintendent and an engineer from the Florida Educational Television Commission met with Dyer in March to survey the former WTVI facilities, finding them in excellent condition.
Arrangements had been worked out with Dyer and with GE, whose mortgage on station equipment continued in force, for potential purchase of the facility, as backers waited on Congress to pass an appropriations bill for educational television.
While officials from four counties attempted to figure out a way forward, the taxpayer revolt and cost disagreements with Dyer scuttled the plan.
On May 1, the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education purchased all of the equipment used in operating WTVI in Fort Pierce, minus the building, to be moved to start an instructional television station in Charlotte, North Carolina; the facility cost $86,200.
In a statement, Dyer blamed the local press and the taxpayers' association for scuttling any possibility of channel 19 being reactivated as an educational station for the Fort Pierce area, though school officials contended he was still asking $120,000 instead of offering to donate it outright.
In 1965, Indian River Television, owned by Michael Beacom, applied to build a new television station on channel 19 in Fort Pierce.
Beacom had been a 10 percent owner of WTVI, but he was not active in its management because he was tending to problems that had arisen at another station he owned, WJPB-TV in Fairmont, West Virginia.
However, that summer, the FCC overhauled the UHF table of allocations nationwide in Docket 14229 and substituted channel 34 for 19 at Fort Pierce.
After acquiring the former WTVI building from Dyer for $50,000, Indian River's station—taking the call letters WTVX—signed on with a test pattern on March 24, 1966.
WTVX operated from the old WTVI studios until relocating to larger, more modern quarters in 1980; a church later occupied the facility.
Silvie Rybářová--Kodešová (born August 25, 1985) is a Czech female open water swimmer who represented the Czech Republic in the world championships.
She participated in the following World Championships: 2005 Izmir (Turkey), 2007 Bangkok (Thailand), 2009 Belgrade (Serbia), 2011 Shenzen (China), 2013 Barcelona (Spain), 2015 Kazan (Russia).
Samikkannu (15 April 1923 – 3 June 2017) was an Indian actor who had acted in over 400 Tamil-language films in supporting and comedy roles.
IRAS 13224-3809 is a highly active and fluctuating Seyfert 1 galaxy in the constellation Centaurus about 1 billion light-years from Earth.
The galaxy is notable due to its centrally-located supermassive black hole that is closely studied by astronomers using x-ray astronomy, particularly X-ray reverberation echo mapping techniques, in an effort to better understand the inner workings, including mass and spin, of black holes.
The boys' 10 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 21 January at the Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
The boys' halfpipe event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 21 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
As Paris–Roubaix was a UCI World Tour event, all nineteen UCI WorldTeams were invited automatically and obliged to enter a team in the race.
The men's +110 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles took place on 8 August at the Albert Gersten Pavilion.
The film presents an alternative theory of who her killer could have been, serial killer Glen Edward Rogers, as opposed to the main suspect, her ex-husband, O. J. Simpson.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 0% approval rating, based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 1.07/10.
Scott DeLano (born September 20, 1971) is an American politician who has served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 50th district since 2020.
The girls' big air event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 21 and 22 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
Jiří Růžička (born 12 May 1948) is a Czech pedagogue and politician who now serves as the acting President of the Senate of the Czech Republic following the death of Jaroslav Kubera.
The boys' halfpipe event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 21 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
She served as protège and lady-in-waiting to Queen Liliʻuokalani until she contracted leprosy and was exiled to the leper colony of Kalaupapa.
In her will, Princess Keʻelikōlani bequeathed Kapoli (who was at her bedside prior to her death) her house lot (known as Namauʻu to Kekūanāoʻa) on Queen Street, Honolulu and a piece of land called Kaʻala, near Joseph O. Carter's residence, for her lifetime.
After the 1844 death of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Kapoli was also provided with monthly allowance of 40 dollars in her will.
She successfully petitioned the governmental Board of Health for her father Umi to accompany her to the colony as her kōkua (helper).
Through the intercession of Charles Reed Bishop, the government build the Bishop Home for her and other women and girls to reside away from the general population of patients.
In 1889, the Catholic sisters of the Third Order of Saint Francis: Mother Marianne Cope, Sisters Vincentia McCormick and Leopoldina Burns were charged with the care of the patients at Bishop Home.
Kapoli possibly taught singing to the girls at Bishop House and taught students how to play the organ at the Protestant church.
President George H. W. Bush nominated Jackson on January 22, 1992, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
The Nocilla Generation, which is sometimes called Afterpop, is a literary movement referring to a group of Spanish writers born between 1960 and 1976.
According to Fernández Porta, it is an aesthetic that responds to the social conditions created by the symbolic excesses of mass media, and that it is not something generational, national or specifically literary.
Literary characteristics of the movement include: fragmentation, interdisciplinarity, emphasis on the over-saturation of pop culture amongst the Spanish youth at the beginning of the 21st century, and the constrasting of so-called 'high culture' with that pop culture.
Authors included under the Nocilla Generation label include: Vicente Luis Mora, Jorge Carrión, Eloy Fernández Porta, Javier Fernández, Milo Krmpotic, Oscar Gual, Mario Cuenca Sandoval, Lolita Bosch, Javier Calvo, Doménico Chiappe, Gabi Martínez, Álvaro Colomer, Harkaitz Cano, Juan Francisco Ferré, Germán Sierra, Diego Doncel, Mercedes Cebrián, Robert Juan-Cantavella, Salvador Gutiérrez Solís, Manuel Vilas and Agustín Fernández Mallo.
It will be the eighteenth year of the tournament where players compete in a single elimination tournament to be crowned champion.
There is a slight change in format for this year, with the 16 Challenge Tour qualifiers becoming 8, with 8 spaces for the Development Tour now available.
The 160 participants will enter the competition incrementally, with 64 players entering in the first round, with match winners joining the 32 players entering in the second and third rounds to leave the last 64 in the fourth round.
The top 8 ranked players from the 2019 Challenge Tour Order of Merit who didn't have a Tour Card for the 2020 season qualified for the first round.
The top 8 ranked players from the 2019 Development Tour Order of Merit who didn't have a Tour Card for the 2020 season qualified for the first round.
16 amateur players will qualify from 16 Rileys Sports Bar qualifiers held across the UK between 25 January and 22 February.
Siva-Jothy was educated at University College London graduating with a BSc in 1981, he then did a PhD at the Unversity of Oxford graduating in 1985.
He moved to Nagoya University in Japan as a Royal Society & Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellow until 1989, when he moved back to the UK to work as a Agricultural and Food Research Council research associate at University College London.
In 1990 Siva-Jothy moved to the University of Sheffield to be a lecturer, where he has remained, progressing to Senior Lecturer and Reader, Professor in 2006 and was the Head of the Department of Plant and Amimal Sciences from 2012 to 2018.
Siva-Jothy looked at insect mating preference in damselflies and found, using infra red cameras, that females prefer males with a higher body temperatures, which could then lead to eggs being laid in more favourable warmer habitats.
He has extensively worked on bed bugs and found that female bed bugs prepare themselves for mating, protecting themselves from sexually transmitted infections by producing lysozyme, a bacteria killing enzyme and by boosting their immune system.
His team have also found that bed bugs will feed on human blood for 10 to 20 minutes, increasing their body weight by up to 200 percent.
With an international team he discovered that bed bug species have been around for at least 115 million years and surved the extinction of the dinosaurs.
With an experiment on insects and humans Siva-Jothy found that the hairs on human bodies can enable us to feel parasites on us and slow down their movement so that they take longer to find a feeding site.
Siva-Jothy's image of a Scarce swallowtail butterfly and a Polistine wasp on a Scabius flower won first place in the Community, Population and Macroecology category of the 2013 BioMed Central's Ecology Image Competition.
He went to Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio and was first an associate professor, then a full rofessor from 1950 to 1956.
Prince Gaetan of Bourbon-Parma (11 June 1905 – 9 March 1958) was the youngest son of Robert I, the last reigning Duke of Parma and of his second wife Maria Antonia of Portugal.
Prince Gaetan of Bourbon-Parma was the youngest child of the last Duke of Parma, Robert I (1848–1907) and his second wife Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal (1862–1959), daughter of King Miguel of Portugal.
He was sent to study at Stella Matutina, a Catholic school for boys run by Jesuits priest in Feldkirch, near the Swiss border.
He finished his education in France and Luxemburgo, where his brother Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma was the husband of the reigning Grand duchess.
On 29 April 1931 at Paris, France, Prince Gaetan married Margarete, Princess von Thurn und Taxis (1909 -2006), daughter of Alexander Prince von Thurn und Taxis, Duke of Castel Duino and Princess Marie Louise de Ligne.
His uncle Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime died childless on 29 September 1936 and Gaetan’s brother, Prince Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma became the Regent of the traditionalist communion.
On April 7 he was assigned to Third of Navarra dislodge the enemy from Mount Saibigain key to open the way to Bilbao point.
Was also visited during his convalescence by her sister Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of Austria-Hungary by her marriage to Charles I of Austria and IV of Hungary, and her nephew Otto Habsburg-Lorraine, son of above.
During World War II, he participated on the side of the Allies, along with his brothers Javier and Felix, the last Grand Duke of Luxembourg by marriage to Charlotte of Luxembourg.
In 1943 he tried to enlist in a battalion of Austrians who served in the U.S. Army but was rejected by its French origin.
On the way to visit his brother Luigi prince of Bourbon-Parma, Prince Gaetan suffered a serious car accident in Mandelieu-la-Napoule, on the French Riviera on March 8, 1958.
The 2020 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts presented by Bayer, the provincial women's curling championship for Manitoba, will be held from January 29 – February 2 at the Riverdale Community Centre in Rivers, Manitoba.
She is Conductor and Artistic Director of the Los Angeles Jewish Symphony, which she founded in 1994, and Music Director of the American Jewish University Choir.
She received her Bachelor of Music Education degree, cum laude, from the University of the Pacific Conservatory of Music; a Master of Music degree in Choral Conducting, with distinction, from California State University, Northridge; and a Doctor of Musical Arts degree from the University of Southern California.
Green taught Choral Conducting at the University of Southern California, and was Assistant Professor of Music at California State University, Bakersfield and at California State University, Northridge.
The LAJS has performed at the Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Ford Theatres, UCLA’s Royce Hall, the Gindi Auditorium at American Jewish University, the Soraya, and other venues.
For six years, she served as the West Coast Music Director of the David Nowakowsky Foundation and as Editor of the Nowakowsky manuscripts.
In 2015, she created the touring orchestra of the LAJS, the American Jewish Symphony, which made its debut in New York.
In 2012, Green received a Commendation from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for her contribution to the arts in Los Angeles.
Other awards include a Recognition of Contribution from State Assemblyman Bob Blumenfield for organizing and conducting a 10th anniversary concert commemorating the attacks of 9/11; a Recognition from Congressman Brad Sherman; the Jewish Cultural Star Award; and the Golda Meir Award from the State of Israel Bonds.
In 2017, she was honored by Musical America as one of its Movers & Shapers, the Top 30 Musical America Professionals of the Year.
In 2011, the Los Angeles Jewish Symphony recorded Los Angeles-based composer Sarah Stanton’s Violin Concerto, Ora E Sempre, featuring Mark Kashper, its concertmaster, as violin soloist.
The recording, conducted by Green, highlighted the works of Jewish composer Eric Zeisl and featured Mark Kashper, violinist, and baritone/narrator Michael Sokol.
The trio all come from the esplanade area in Toronto’s central waterfront district that is popular with tourists, stating that they are showing the sides of the city tourists don't see with their music.
Founded in 2010, the company owns 13 agencies, including George P. Johnson and Partners & Napier, through an employee stock ownership structure.
Project Worldwide was founded in 2010 by Robert G. Vallee, Jr., then Chairman and CEO of George P. Johnson, an event and brand marketing firm based in Auburn Hills, Michigan.
George P. Johnson, which traces its history back to 1914, managed several agencies it had previously acquired, including California-based agency Juxt, Australian agency Spinifex Group and Germany's Raumtechnik.
The company's executives formed Project Worldwide as a holding company, to include George P. Johnson, and the company was structured so that its employees would own 100% of the company through an employee stock-ownership plan (ESOP).
In March 2013, Project funded the launch of Argonaut, an advertising agency based in San Francisco, which became one of Project's agencies.
Lilian Andrews, née Lilian Rusbridge (2 August 1878 -c.1962) was a British artist who specialised in creating paintings of birds and animals.
Andrews was born in Brighton, where her father was an inventor and engineer, and where she studied at the Brighton School of Art and won a bronze medal for design.
Between 1912 and 1960 she exhibited some 39 pictures at the Royal Academy in London, the majority of which were bird paintings.
She also exhibited with the Royal Scottish Academy during 1954 and 1955 and, in 1952, with the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and at the Paris Salon.
For a time Andrews taught at the Brighton College of Art but after her marriage to Douglas Sharpus Andrews in 1910, the principal of Leeds School of Art, she also lived in Leeds, Sheffield, Bath and, latterly, London.
The Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne, Leeds Art Gallery and Nottingham Art Gallery all hold examples of Andrews' paintings.
He is best known for building the Filene's department store chain and for his decisive role in pioneering credit unions across the United States.
Nicola Rauti (born 17 April 2000) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Monza, on loan from Torino.
On 3 January 2020, Serie C side Monza announced the signing of Rauti on loan from Torino until the end of the season.
Coming on as a substitute on the 91st minute, Rauti scored two minutes later from his first touch of the game; Monza won 3–0.
Cleveland Mountain Rescue Team (or Cleveland MRT) is one of five search and rescue teams based in the North East region of England.
The team is based in the village of Great Ayton in North Yorkshire and was called out to 61 incidents in 2019.
The Department of Transport donated £3,500 to the team in 2017, to allow them to purchase a trailer for their rescue equipment.
The team operates with three vehicles; one large van with communication and mapping equipment that acts as a command and control vehicle, and two Land Rovers.
Like other mountain rescue teams, the Cleveland MRT has its own area which is concentrated around Cleveland and the Northern part of the North York Moors.
However, requests from what is outside of their traditional area are taken, which has seen the team deployed as far north as Kielder Forest and Blackhall Rocks.
The team is dedicated to searches and rescues in the North East region alongside other mountain rescue teams; Northumberland National Park Mountain Rescue Team, North of Tyne Mountain Rescue Team, Swaledale Mountain Rescue Team, and Teesdale and Weardale.
On average, the team are called out twelve times a year to accidents and incidents at the location, so much so, that the MRT and the North York Moors National Park Authority, improved access for 4x4 vehicles.
A by-election for the Teplice Senate seat in the Czech Republic will be held in 2020 following death of Jaroslav Kubera.
He has won his last Senate election in 2018 following which he was elected the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic.
Silverman attended Johnson & Wales University in Florida for two years, and then Florida Atlantic University, where Silverman obtained a bachelor's degree in psychology in 2010.
In 2015, he qualified for the Web.com Tour for 2016 via the qualifying tournament, and in 2017 won the Price Cutter Charity Championship on his way to 10th place on the end of season money list to graduate to the elite PGA Tour for 2018.
In his rookie season on the PGA Tour, Silverman failed to win enough money to retain his card directly, finishing 136th on the FedEx Cup standings.
He immediately regained his place through the 2018 Web.com Tour Finals after tying for third at the Web.com Tour Championship, but in 2019 was only able to finish 181st in the FedEx Cup standings and returned to the second-tier Korn Ferry Tour for the 2020 season.
Silverman won the gold medal by 11 shots in the open Men's Golf Championship at the 2013 Maccabiah Games at the Caesarea Golf Club in Israel, while the entire Team Canada won the bronze medal in the team event.
Peter Fossett (June 6, 1815–January 1901) was an enslaved laborer at Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's plantation, who after he attained his freedom in the mid-1800s, settled in Cincinnati where he established himself as a minister and caterer.
His wife, Sarah M. Fossett, was active in the church and Underground Railroad as well, but she was also noteworthy in her own right.
In 1860, she filed a suit after being denied passage on a streetcar, which resulted in the segregation of streetcars in the city for African-American women.
Slaves did not generally receive pay at Monticello, but as a manager of the blacksmith shop, Joseph received a percentage of the shop's profits.
Joseph, who moved to Ohio about 1840, and moved to Cincinnati about 1843, made trips to Virginia to see his family.
He worked to buy his family out of slavery, but Peter's owner, John Jones, would not sell him until the second time he escaped.
He held several jobs when he first arrived in Ohio, he worked as a waiter for a caterer and was a whitewasher.
Although Ohio was not a slave state, the Underground Railroad led many to Canada to be safer from capture and some stayed in Ohio in African-American communities.
Conductors risked their lives when they brought fugitive slaves into their homes and helped them to the next stop on the railroad.
He was ordained as a minister in 1870 and formed his own church, the construction of which was paid in large part by Fossett.
He was a pastor for 25 years of that church, which came to be called the First Baptist Church in Cumminsville, Ohio.
Abraham Evan Gwynne, the father of Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt (1845 – 1934), brought Sarah to Cincinnati, where she was introduced to wealthy elite members of Cincinnati society.
Like her husband, she was active in the community, including the First Baptist Church of Cumminsville, orphanages in Cincinnati, and assisting enslaved people on the Underground Railroad.
In 1860 she protested when she was not allowed to board a streetcar in 1860, and her efforts led to African-American women being allowed to ride Cincinnati's streetcars.
When a white conductor did not allow her to ride the streetcar, she sued the streetcar company and won a favorable ruling.
In 1900, believing that he was not going to live much longer, he traveled to Monticello with the help of friends, where he was allowed to stay as long as he wished.
Thomas P. O'Neill ( 1 November 1921 – 1 March 1996) was an Irish historian, noted for his biographies of James Fintan Lalor (1962) and Éamon de Valera (1970).
Sections relating to relief works were omitted, but O'Neill published these as journal articles, one of the few professional historians to study this aspect of the Irish famine at the time.
He is credited with pioneering use of archival material, with one criticism of the chapter being that he focused on the famine relief administrators and not the recipients.
As well as contributing this chapter, O'Neill was also involved in the overall formatting of the volume, and devised the questionnaire sent out by the Irish Folklore Commission.
It was from this questionnaire that Roger McHugh wrote up a chapter on the folk memories of the famine, and statistical maps were devised from the data which also appeared in the volume.
O'Neill was appointed assistant keeper of printed books at the National Library of Ireland (NLI) in 1947, leading to him developing an unparalleled knowledge of the manuscript material in the collections.
O'Neill could both speak and write in Irish, but was heavily assisted by Donncha Ó Céileachair in getting this book to a publishing standard.
Among the discoveries that O'Neill made was that Lalor had corresponded with Sir Robert Peel regarding his animosity towards the repeal movements and made proposals to quash it with land reform.
Due to his work on Lalor, O'Neill was approached to work on the authorised biography of Éamon de Valera following the death of the previous author, Frank Gallagher, in 1962.
He conducted long, regular interviews with de Valera, and lived in the Áras an Uachtaráin for a period to have direct and easy access to de Valera's private papers.
O'Neill would develop a rapport with de Valera and his family, leading to him remaining in contact with them for the rest of his life.
In 1968 and 1970, the biography was published in the Irish language in two volumes, with an t-Athair Pádraig Ó Fiannachta as co-author.
He was also heavily involved in the growth of extension lecturing outside the college from 1970, often lecturing to local history societies.
O'Neill believed that local historians were of great importance, as they would often find information unknown to their professional counterparts, and he treated these local historians with respect, giving over time to answer their queries.
Even after his retirement to Dublin in 1987, he remained in touch with those in involved in local journalism and the Galway Family History Project.
In 1984, he suggested that there should be a significant celebration of the 500th anniversary of Galway's first charter, having discovered the original document in the British Library in 1947.
He toured America on a number of occasions with the Galway mayor, Michael Leahy, and the city manager publicising the event.
The column was originally intended to finish in 1984, but was so popular that O'Neill continued to write it until his death.
Following his retirement and return to Dublin, O'Neill spent a great deal of time in the NLI and was active in a number of historical bodies such as the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, the Catholic Record Society of Ireland, and the Carlow Historical & Archaeological Society.
He had been conducting research into the Registry of Deeds, which never appeared as a written work, but he was awarded the medal of the Old Dublin Society for his 1983 lecture on the impact of the penal laws on Dublin property ownership.
Towards the end of his life, he expressed a wish to revisit and expand on his work on the famine, wanting to counter any revisionist narratives that may diminish the negative role of the English government in the events.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Constanța is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Constanța, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Michael Richard Edward Gough (23 September 1916 – 15 October 1973) was a British archaeologist and the third Director of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (1961-1968).
As Director of the BIAA Gough pioneered the archaeology of early Christian sites in Turkey in anticipation of changes in academic viewpoints which were to follow in the 1990s.
Professor Gough attended the Dragon School in Oxford before gaining a scholarship to Stonyhurst College where he concentrated on studying the Classics.
In 1936 he gained a Classical Exhibition to Peterhouse College, Cambridge where he went on to become a Scholar and Prizeman.
With the outbreak of World War II in 1939 Gough joined the Royal Artillery as a Gunner, seeing service in the Middle East and throughout the whole of the Italian Campaign including during the battles of Cassino and on the Sangro.
On being demobilised in September 1946 Gough returned to Stonyhurst College as Classics Master and in 1947 he returned to the University of Cambridge to take a Diploma in Classical Archaeology.
He was awarded a Scholarship by the recently founded British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara becoming the Institute's second Scholar and later becoming a Fellow.
He had a focus on the Byzantine period, with excavations at the church complex at Alahan Monastery (between 1952 and 1972 Gough directed nine seasons of excavation here) and at Dağ Pazarı.
Gough's involvement at Alahan was an important departure from the specialisms of his predecessors in prehistoric archaeology; from this period onwards the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara began to broaden its academic horizons.
His final excavation programme at Alahan Monastery in Turkey was completed in 1972 before his death but the report was not published until 1985 by his widow, Mary Gough.
Ruthy Cecilia Hebard (born April 28, 1998) is an American women's basketball player with the University of Oregon Ducks team in the Pac-12 Conference.
John Caldwell (July 4, 1849 – March 7, 1916) was a Republican member of the Michigan State House of Representatives from 1897 through 1900.
He was the fifth in the family of eight boys and one girl, seemingly breaking then the Irish tradition of the third 'born' son receiving the father's name since this name change was an afterthought.
The third and fourth sons died before they were 10 years old and do not show up on any census records.
Caldwell's parents, John Caldwell Sr and Jane (Thompson) Caldwell, immigrated from Ireland and arrived separately in the state of New York in the early part of the nineteenth century.
Caldwell came with his parents to Litchfield township in Hillsdale county in 1856 from upper New York state by way of the Erie Canal.
While his older brothers and his father were Civil War veterans, he was too young to enlist during this time period of 1861 - 1865.
When he was eighteen years old in the early part of 1868 he went to the woods of Tuscola County of the thumb area of Michigan for about two years in his first employment.
He was gainfully employed there for years as a land agent for George A. Mitchell and the Mitchell Brothers Company for timber development in Michigan and New Mexico.
Caldwell's grandfather (James Jr) immigrated from Ireland in 1817 from County Antrim, Ulster, with some of his ten children a year after his first wife Caroline (born 1778) died.
Caldwell's father died in Big Rapids of Mecosta County, Michigan, on Christmas eve in 1872 at the age of 67, although some biographies on Caldwell say his father died when he was 65 years old and on December 26, 1872.
She was able to get Civil War pension pay due to her eldest son (Caldwell's brother) being killed in the Civil War, as well as her husband (Caldwell's father) being in the Civil War.
Two years later he was reelected to the legislature Caldwell received 3,173 votes to 1,888 votes for Joseph Yarnell (Democratic People's Union silver certificate).
Caldwell took much interest in public matters and served Caldwell township as highway commissioner, township clerk, township treasurer, justice of the peace, township supervisor, and school board officer.
He was involved with the township's educational interests and at times filled the school offices, which advanced the educational interests of the community.
He built a house 2 blocks east of downtown Manton on Main Street, which still exists today some one hundred years later.
His daughter Leona and her husband took over the ownership of his homestead in Missaukee county which they continued to farm for many years.
The girls' 5 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 21 January at the Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
The 1980 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Palermo Grand Prix or the Sicilian Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix.
The first mission is a prologue, while the next three are training missions, and the remainder are set over the Indian Ocean.
Reviewers noted that there were few people playing the game through online multiplayer, and it was thought that the game would not produce a sizable multiplayer community.
During the show, he began dating Tayshia Adams, before the two split in September of 2019, prior to the show's finale.
After the finale of season six of Bachelor in Paradise, John Paul Jones and Tayshia Adams began dating again before ending their relationship once more in late October.
It is so named because of its almost non-existent eyes (which do exist, just are small and vestigal) and short anal fins.
He was a part of the Portland indie-folk music scene of the mid-nineties, inspired by artists such as Elliot Smith and Pete Krebs, and sharing stages with M. Ward, Colin Meloy, Sara Dougher, Ben Gibbard, and Ben Barnett.
His album and compilation recordings on HUSH records and Jealous Butcher records from 1997 to 1999 established the connection between the sound of Portland indie-folk and a broader Portland-based songwriter school.
In the early eighties at Camp B’nai Brith Perlman Jeff discovered musical theater in productions of Pippen and Guys and Dolls.
In 1987 Jeff landed an off-Broadway role as Eugene Morris Jerome in Brighton Beach Memoirs at the Studio Theatre in Lindenhurst.
Just after the New Year 1995 he drove across the country in a car with a hole in the floor to Portland, Oregon.
He played the open mic scene there, eventually establishing his Hot Cocoa night at Meow Meow where he met Ben Barnett and other Portland musicians.
His first full length came out on tape cassette on Jealous Butcher, Uneasy, and he made a name for himself in local publications.
With Less, a four-artist collaboration on HUSH records, he began working with both Rob Jones and Chad Crouch of those labels, putting out Slowness (1999), which led to out of town shows in Seattle, San Francisco, and Chico, Ca.
His band lineup has included Rachel Blumberg, Chris Funk, Adam Selzer, Molly Hardy, Tove Holmberg, Dave Depper, Ben Barnett, and Tofer Towe.
Col. Summers Park (2001) was the first to feature his rotating cast of friends and collaborators and it was well received.
Upon his return to New York Jeff released The Bane of Progress (2008) on HUSH and played live with Greg McMullen, Marla Hansen, Alec Mengee, Robin Ziari, and Andy Moon followed by a string of shows in New York City and a record release in Portland Oregon (sources).
He also appeared and played on In the Land of the Ice and Snow (2009), a compilation of Portland bands that supported Portland public schools.
Jeff has played regularly at Pete’s Candy Store in Brooklyn over the years and has recently completed the recording of Trouble Trust (2020), out in Spring 2020.
The 1979 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Palermo Grand Prix or Palermo Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix.
Sporting Clube de Portugal eSports, commonly known as Sporting CP eSports, or simply SCP eSports is a Portuguese professional eSports club founded in 2016, and based in the city of Lisbon in Portugal.
Little Earth Trail is an approximately , multi-use bicycle path in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, that links several neighborhoods, parks, businesses, and trails in the Phillips community.
The trail begins at its northern end near the intersection of East Franklin Avenue and 16th Avenue South and eventually follows the west side of Hiawatha Avenue to the Midtown Greenway and Martin Olav Sabo Bridge.
At its northern end, Little Earth Trail traverses from the businesses and services on East Franklin Avenue, follows along the Hiawatha Avenue transit corridor to East Phillips Park, and connects to the Lake Street / Midtown area's trail and transit network.
At East Phillips Park, from Little Earth Trail, cyclists and pedestrians can cross over the Hiawatha Avenue transit corridor eastward on a non-vehicular traffic bridge, and connect to East 24th Street and the Hiawatha LRT Trail.
Little Earth Trail also connects seamlessly to the Midtown Greenway trail, and the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge offers trail users another opportunity to cross the Hiawatha Avenue transit corridor eastward.
As part the Midtown Minneapolis trail system, Little Earth Trail serves as an important conduit for people to move through neighborhoods and reach community and regional destinations.
Originally built in the 1970s, and home to nearly 1,000 residents, Little Earth is a 9.4 acre, 212-unit housing complex at approximately East 24th Street and Cedar Avenue.
Old Mutual Amazing Voices is a pan-African music competition reality television series launched by Old Mutual for DStv and M-Net's various local interest channels across Africa in their respective regions.
The competition seeks to find groups in Kenya, Ghana, Zimbabwe and South Africa of no less than four members who specialise in the Pop, Gospel and RnB genres.
Marlene R. Cohen is a neuroscientist at the University of Pittsburgh and an Associate Director of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, a joint venture between the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University.
She is recognized for pioneering use of multielectrode array recording to determine that the improved behavioral performance associated with redirecting spatial attention has a neural correlate in the brain that is reflected by reduced correlated activity between neurons.
Toni Karačić (born 6 December 1974) is a Bosnian professional football manager who is the manager of Bosnian Premier League club Široki Brijeg.
While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1857.
He made four further first-class apparances for Oxford, with a further appearance in 1857 followed by two in 1858 and one in 1859.
He was the newspaper's special correspondent and reported on the Second French intervention in Mexico in 1864–65 and Franco-Prussian War in 1870, where he was the chief manager of the French Peasant Relief Fund while based in France.
Having served as a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for Cambridgeshire, he later served as the High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in 1891.
He was resident at Six Mile Bottom in Cambridgeshire and also had a home in France at Saint-Raphaël, where he died in April 1904 after a short illness resulting from paralysis.
In 2019, Icelandic explorer Fiann Paul captained the first human-powered transit (by rowing) across the Drake Passage (The Impossible Row) and, in doing so, he completed the row on his fifth ocean, and became the first person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam.
The Ocean Explorers Grand Slam was defined by Guinness World Records adjudicators as completing open-water crossings on all five oceans using human-powered vessels.
Fiann achieved the title with his completed crossings on the following oceans: Atlantic (date of completion: 2011), Indian (2014), Pacific (2016), Arctic (2017), and Southern (2019).
The Legislative Council consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.
Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.
However, of the estimated 40,000 taxpayers in the territory at the time of the elections, only those that had been able to pay their taxes on time were able to register to vote.
In Limassol–Paphos there were only non-Muslim three candidates; incumbent MLC Aristotle Paleologos, former MLC (1886–1889) Socrates Fragoudis, and the lawyer Ioannis Kyriakidis.
The Nicosia–Kyrenia constituency also only had three non-Muslim candidates; incumbent MLCs Paschalis Constantinides and Kyrillos Papadopoulos, and Yerasimo Hadji Diako, the Abbot of Kykkos Monastery.
The Larnaca–Famagusta constituency was the only one to have a contested vote, with seven candidates running; incumbent MLCs Achillea Liasides and Richardos Matei and Nikolaos Rossos, Loukas Paisiou (a teacher), Georgios Siakallis (a landowner and lawyer), Ioannis Vontitsianos (a farmer) and Arthur Young, the Commissioner of Famagusta.
Liasides was the incumbent MLC for Nicosia–Kyrenia, but had switched constituency to allow Yerasimo Hadji Diako to be elected unopposed, having been promised the full support of the church in his re-election campaign.
As a British official, Young's candidacy was controversial, with Greek Cypriot politicians convinced it was a ploy by the government to reduce Greek representation in the Council, whilst Greek language newspapers called for voters not to vote for him.
Young's British superiors were also unhappy with his decision to run, with High Commissioner Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer writing to Secretary of State for the Colonies Lord Knutsford, stating that he had strong reservations about Young being a candidate as he suspected Young would neglect his official duties and would not be sufficiently independent of government when serving in the Council.
Following the elections, Young submitted an appeal to the Supreme Court, calling for the election of Liasides and Siakallis to be overturned.
Young claimed that Kyrillos Papadopoulos (the Metropolitan of Kyrenia) and the Archimandrite Philotheus had persuaded their followers not to vote for him through religious threats, and had provided voters with transport on polling day.
The election of Liasides and Siakallis was annulled, and a by-election for the two vacant seats scheduled for 11 February 1892.
There were no further changes in the non-Muslim membership until the resignation of Limassol–Paphos representatives Aristotle Paleologos for health reasons in January 1896.
Around the same time, one of the other Limassol–Paphos MLCs, Ioannis Kyriakides resigned, resulting in a by-election on 3 February in which Georgios Pavlidis was returned unopposed.
Turon Shire was abolished on 1 October 1977 and along with the City of Bathurst and Abercrombie Shire was divided into a reconstituted City of Bathurst and a new Evans Shire.
Amber Jelena Hikes is an American civil rights activist and community organizer, who currently serves as the Chief Equity & Inclusion Officer for the American Civil Liberties Union.
Prior to her work for ACLU, Hikes was most well-known for her tenure as Executive Director of the City of Philadelphia's Office of LGBT Affairs, where she led the More Pride More Color campaign, which developed a version of the Rainbow Flag with black and brown stripes to represent people of color.
Hikes plays 5 musical instruments and was a member of her high school marching band, playing in the Sydney 2000 Olympic Band.
She later moved to Philadelphia to attend the University of Pennsylvania, where she received her Masters of Social Work in 2008.
Hikes began her activist career as an education access advocate, serving for 5 years as the local program director for Upward Bound at the University of Pennsylvania.
After incidents in the news highlighted issues of racism within the city's LGBT community, especially in the city's Gayborhood area, Hikes entered city government with a goal of focusing on the marginalized members within the LGBT community.
Hikes' tenure saw her rise to international prominence with the introduction of a pride flag with brown and black stripes, intended to symbolize the struggle of people of color in the LGBT movement.
The flag was officially flown over Philadelphia City Hall for LGBT Pride Month in June 2017, just months into her position, and sparked major public attention and media coverage, both positive and negative.
The flag subsequently gained popularity a symbol of representation for LGBT people of color, including being worn by actress Lena Waithe at the Met Gala and flown at UK Black Pride 2019 in London.
During the annual event held in June, the Philadelphia mayor and city government officials, joined by major city LGBT organizations, give short addresses on issues of concern to the LGBT community.
In March 2019, the city adopted a new directive on law enforcement interaction with transgender and non-binary people, which required that the city respect a person's chosen name and pronouns in records, as well as providing treatment appropriate to their gender identity in situations such as personal searches and jail housing.
She pledged to focus on programs related to workplace culture, professional development, and more equitable employment policies, to empower people from traditionally marginalized communities to enter the organization's leadership.
2D Con Digital Destruction (2D) is a non-profit gaming convention with a focus on all aspects of gaming including video games, arcade games and pinball.
The convention has a large focus on inclusivity and positivity in the gaming community and features many topics regarding representation in video games.
2D Con was first hosted in May of 2015 as a free to attend video gaming event with the goal of becoming the first large scale video gaming event in Minnesota.
The organizers have stated that 2D Con was started to have a place where people can be comfortable being themselves and to raise money for those in need.
With less than a months notice the venue was sold and scheduled to be demolished leaving the organizers without a venue.
2D Con announced that a new venue was found at the Doubletree Hotel in Bloomington, and that the dates would remain unchanged.
The 2019 event was featured in the August issue of City Pages magazine as a top event in the Twin Cities.
2D Con has a large focus on independent game development and features a space dedicated to testing upcoming games by local developers.
Kiser Lake Wetlands State Nature Preserve, or simply Kiser Lake Wetlands, is a nature reserve located in Johnson Township, Champaign County, Ohio, United States.
The rolling wooded hills and moraines in the region formed where the glacier stopped, creating a ridge along the ice front.
There are mounds of sand and gravel deposits, called kame, from water melting along the glaciers' edge along the southeastern end of what is now Kiser Lake.
The Kiser Lake Wetlands were formed when blocks of ice broke away from the glacier and became covered by the kame.
As the climate warmed, the ice melted and left depressions in the land filled with the kame deposits which became fen and wet meadow habitats.
The wetlands, and Mosquito Creek itself, are fed by natural springs found along the edge of the moraine, as well as rainwater runoff and the natural bowl shape of the area.
Although a known hunting area for the native people, the area was nothing more than a low swampy bog until a dam was built across Mosquito Creek in 1840 to power a mill.
In 1932, the land (by then known as Mosquito Lake Bog or Swamp) was donated by John W. Kiser to the state to rebuild the original lake for recreational purposes.
When Kiser Lake State Park was established for recreational purposes, the ODNR (at the time called the Division of Conservation and Natural Resources) reserved part of the land as a State Nature Preserve.
This section features a boardwalk built along part of Mosquito Creek and through the native prairie wetlands, meadows, and woods to the base of the moraine.
Another trail that is part of Kiser Lake State Park starts at the end of the wetlands trail and climbs to the top of the moraine.
Among a broad variety of native plants and wildflowers, unique species including shrubby cinquefoil, Kalm's lobelia, Parnassia, smaller fringed gentian, big bluestem, queen-of-the-prairie, Ohio goldenrod, and poison sumac are found here.
The 1979 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
The shire was amalgamated with Boree Shire, Molong Shire and part of Lyndhurst Shire to form Cabonne Shire on 1 October 1977.
In the NCAA Oklahoma City Regional, the Huskies also advanced to the final, forcing a decisive game, before falling to host Oklahoma State.
Though the Twin-60 was one of many 1920s two-seaters its design was far from typical, with novel features driven by the aims of low running costs, easy maintenance, safety and the ability to use very basic landing grounds.
They also improved the forward view and kept the occupants out of the engine exhaust and oil emissions; as pushers they were over the rear of the wing and closer to the aircraft's centre of gravity.
It had externally connected, long span, broad chord ailerons on upper and lower wings to ensure good control at low landing speeds.
The two uncowled, air cooled, , horizontally opposed twin cylinder Bristol Cherub III engines were mounted in frames onto the inner interplane struts.
Because of the stagger their propellers were behind the trailing edges of the upper wing but just above the lower one.
There were no fuel pumps as each engine was gravity fed from its own upper wing tank, each holding enough fuel for eight hours of flight.
There were two open cockpits in tandem with a port side, lockable door for access to the rear seat under the upper wing.
The tailplane also carried small endplate fins with much larger, curved, balanced rudders, placed directly in the slipstream of the engines to enhance low speed rudder authority.
The Twin-60 had a conventional, fixed undercarriage with the mainwheels on a single axle mounted on short, shock-absorbing legs from the lower fuselage longerons ahead of the wings and with trailing drag struts.
Since the Twin 60 did not need the drag of a tailskid to slow it down on landing, the skid was replaced by a large, castering tailwheel on a short, rubber disc-damped leg beyond the extreme fuselage, simplifying ground handling.
Without a passenger, it took off on its maiden flight after covering in three seconds and landed within only twice its length.
By the year end it had been flown by several pilots and its good handling characteristics with twin and single engines running established.
The International Motor Film Awards (previously known as the London Motor Film Festival) is a film festival and awards gala for the automotive industry; held annually in London, it hosts nominees and guests from all over the world.
The International Motor Film Awards has been supported by numerous industry companies over the years, including RED Digital Cinema, Cooke Optics, Aputure, Gumball 3000, National Motor Museum, Mission Motorsport, Castle Combe Circuit, Musicbed and Filmsupply.
The Board of Affiliates is composed of industry leading professionals from a mixture of film, television and motorsport backgrounds to serve as the advisory board to the International Motor Film Awards.
Board members are invited to join the jury and participate in the judging process, excluding categories where there may be a conflict of interest.
The 2020 Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship of Quebec, was held from January 20 to 26 at the Arèna de Salaberry in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield.
She has been awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers and the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award.
As a native of Eastern Europe, Gradinaru was encouraged to study science from a young age, and took part in science olympiads.
During her PhD research she taught summer courses at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and trained researchers for the Stanford Optogenetics Innovation Laboratory.
Gradinaru joined the faculty at the California Institute of Technology, first as a Visiting Researcher, then Assistant Professor in 2012 and was eventually promoted to full Professor in 2018.
Since 2017 she has served as the Principal Investigator of the CLARITY, Optogenetics and Vector Engineering Research (CLOVER) Center at the California Institute of Technology.
Gradinaru has worked on the development of novel technologies for brain imaging, which she uses to understand sleep disorders and movement.
She looks to use her understanding of neuronal activity to establish the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS), as well as looking at the long-term impacts of DBS on neuronal function.
The official Australia team has had 26 coaches, while John Lang was the only coach of the Super League team that played in 1997.
The species was first described in 2011, and its name refers to the cream-colored colonies the species produces on R2A agar.
Mount St Mary Campus of the Australian Catholic University is a heritage-listed former mansion, college and primary school and now university campus at 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, Municipality of Strathfield, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
It is also known as ACU, Mount St Mary Campus, Mt St Mary College, Mount Royal villa, Edmund Rice Building and Barron Chapel.
Land clearing removed the habitats of native animals and thus would have eliminated food sources for the Wangal people as well as desecrating sacred sites.
Although Wangal people were separated from their traditional relationship with the land, many Aboriginal people continue to live in the Strathfield locality.
There are few known remnants of traditional occupation such as campsites, axe grinding grooves and scarred trees in the Strathfield district.
Phillip built a brick hut for him on the present site of the Sydney Opera House and that peninsular is named after him (Bennelong Point).
The Mount St Mary ACU campus lies on part of a grant made to the Chaplain of St. James Church in 1823; however that grant soon reverted to the Crown.
In 1841, the campus was part of a grant made to Joseph Hyde Potts (1793-1865), then the Secretary of the Bank of New South Wales.
Before the 1860s, settlement in the Strathfield area was clustered around inns and other service industries scattered along Parramatta Road and Liverpool Road and near the Homebush Racecourse.
After 1877 when Redmyre railway station opened (it was renamed Strathfield railway station in 1900), the distance between Strathfield and the city was reduced to an easy 28 minutes journey although the relative expense of the service at this time helped maintain the social exclusiveness of the area.
This residence, called Mount Royal, was designed by architect Harry Chambers Kent for John Hinchcliff using finance provided by Hinchcliff's wife, Laura Ann.
According to a former archivist of the Christian Brothers who researched the history of Mount Royal, the ballroom and billiard room were added to the original building in 1888.
He appears to have been among those city wool merchants who experienced financial difficulties as a result of the severe financial depression of the 1890s.
Following Hinchcliff's death, Mount Royal was leased to schoolmaster, W. Stewart Page, who temporarily opened a college on the site in 1896, one of a number of private colleges in the area.
Reid's occupation of Mount Royal was brief, lasting only from March 1903 until August 1904 when he became Prime Minister and moved to Melbourne.
The Brothers returned to Australia in 1868 and eventually Sydney where they established community houses and schools at Balmain (1887), Lewisham (1891) and Rozelle (1892).
The order was one of many invited by Archbishop Moran into New South Wales at this time, primarily to support the Catholic education system after the withdrawal of state funding.
The Christian Brothers' Provincial, Brother Jerome Barron (1858-1949), had hesitated about purchasing a mansion as grand as Mount Royal, but was impressed by the size of the estate and its reasonable price compared with similar inner city properties.
The purchase of Mount Royal was part of a wider pattern that saw numerous large Victorian period mansions bought by religious orders or charities following the economic depression of the 1890s.
Contemporary examples in Strathfield include the purchases of Shubra Hall by the Presbyterian Ladies College in 1889 and Brundah by the Methodist Church in 1915, both to establish educational institutions.
Cardinal Moran blessed the Mount St Mary Training College and Novitiate on 1 December 1908 in the presence of a large gathering.
At the opening, Brother Barron noted that the order in Australia had grown to 45 educational establishments and their teaching force had grown from three brothers to over 200 brothers.
Training at Mount St Mary began in December 1908 when the novices and scholastics (brothers undergoing teacher training) were transferred from Lewisham.
Sheerin & Hennessey also designed a chapel in the Federation Gothic style that was constructed at the northern end of the new wing.
These works involved the raising of the ballroom roof to provide a first floor dormitory and a first floor extension to the billiard room on the western side of the villa.
Sometime during the 1930s an additional wing was constructed on the western side of Mount Royal, at its southern most end.
In 1917 and 1918 respectively, the Christian Brothers purchased adjoining villa estates to the northeast of Mount Royal, known as Ovalau (for £3,250) and Ardross (for £2,000), thereby expanding the boundaries of the site to .
Ovalau was a grand Victorian Italianate Style mansion that had been built for Robert Phillips, a South Sea planter, in 1888.
In 1922, Ovalau, since renamed St. Enda's, became a High School known as the Juniorate, providing for boys who had a possible interest in joining the Order.
In 1925, an agreement was reached with Strathfield Municipal Council to incorporate a section of Albert Road into the college campus in exchange for land that enabled Council to connect Albert and Barker Roads.
With the opening of the Juniorate in the 1920s, the small Federation Gothic style chapel proved too small and in 1924 planning began for a new chapel that could accommodate 250 students and staff.
When a new classroom and dormitory building was required to house the growing Juniorate, Hennessey & Hennessy were commissioned to designed a building to complement their design for the Barron Chapel.
This building, now known as the Mullens Building, but originally known simply as the Juniorate, initially provided four classrooms on the ground floor, a dormitory, bathroom, Director's Office and several bedrooms on the first floor.
In 1933 the Christian Brothers of Gibraltar sent to Mount St Mary's a replica of the venerated crucifix in the town of Limpias, Spain to mark the 1,900th anniversary of Christ's crucifixion.
In 1959 a new residential block called the Scholasticate or Seniorate was designed by Hennessy Hennessy & Co to provide accommodation for 50 scholastics as well as space for an additional lecture room and library.
Also during the 1950s a substantial addition to the original Mount Royal stable building was constructed, which continued to be an important service building carrying out ancillary functions..
From 1961 the Hennessy Hennessy & Co designed St Edmunds Building was constructed on the site of the demolished Ovalau villa to provide for a new hall, science rooms, library, common room and oratory.
The introduction of lay students - who were not in training for the priesthood - into the previously exclusive domain of the Brothers had come about for a number of reasons including a decline in vocations leading to a need for lay teachers to staff Catholic schools.
The establishment of the Higher Education Board of New South Wales and changes to funding structures presented new challenges to the college.
Ultimately, the College amalgamated with the Polding College, itself an amalgamation of several teaching colleges, to form the Catholic College of Education, Sydney, in 1982..
As a result of increased enrolments and the transfer of staff to the campus, the residential function was slowly reduced until by 1990 there were no more boarding students.
The three-year diploma courses offered by the teaching colleges became a Bachelor of Education of four years, with further studies leading to a Masters degree.
In 1989, for example, Geoffrey Twibill & Associates designed alterations to the Scolasticate, and the building was renamed the Brother Stewart Building.
As the colleges of advanced education expanded and offered more senior study programmes, the boundaries between the State's universities and colleges blurred.
In 1988, the Principal together with the Council of the Catholic College of Education decided to develop Mount St Mary College to meet the requirements for consideration as a university.
It was finally resolved that the Catholic colleges should combine to seek university status as a single entity, a process that would require the resolution of long-standing local interests and interstate rivalries.
Three years later, in January 1991, the Australian Catholic University opened following the amalgamation of four Catholic tertiary institutions: the Catholic College of Education Sydney in New South Wales, the Institute of Catholic Education in Victoria, McAuley College of Queensland, and Signadou College of Education in the Australian Capital Territory.
Each of these institutions has their own histories of education and associations with a variety of religious orders including the Christian Brothers, the Dominican Sisters, the Sisters of Charity, the De La Salle Brothers, the Marist Brothers and the Sisters of St Joseph.
Histories of amalgamations, relocations and transfers etc mean that more than twenty entities contributed to the creation of the Australian Catholic University.
On 3 September, a final mass was celebrated in the Gothic chapel and on 14 September, the last Brothers left Mount St Mary.
The fine Romanesque chapel is known as the Barron Chapel after the great Jerome Barron while the altar commemorates Brother Ambrose Treacy, the founder of the Australasian province.
Then there are buildings or lecture rooms named after others such as the Murray Hall, the Mullen Building, the Marwell Building, the McGlade, Duffy and Hanrahan lecture rooms, while Davy is associated with the Dan Stewart Library.
On 7 January, 1993 responsibility for the operation of Mount St Mary's campus was officially transferred from the Christian Brothers to the Diocese of Sydney, who hold the property in trust on behalf of the Australian Catholic University.
Major works undertaken since 1993 include: a substantial addition to the Seniorate, now the Brother Stewart Library (architect: Twibill Quinn O'Hanlon, 1994); a substantial addition to the Mullens Building, comprising the Gleeson Auditorium and Lecture Rooms; and the construction of the Biomechanics Building.
Minor works include the conversion of the former stables into an Arts Centre in 1997, the conversion of the original handball courts into storage (1997), new carparking and the creation of what is now the main entrance off Barker Road.
H.C. Kent (1852-1938), designer of Mount Royal in 1887, was born in Devonshire, England and migrated to Australia with his family as an infant.
After studying at Camden College, where his father was headmaster, he undertook a Master of Arts degree at the University of Sydney in 1874.
He took private drawing lessons with Thomas Sapsford, who became the Architect and Building Surveyor of the Sydney City in the 1880s.
Many future prominent architects were articled to Kent including William Hardy Wilson, S. A. Neave and H. H. Massie in 1911.
In Strathfield, his work included Mount Royal (1887), the Dill Dill McKay Institute for Blind Women in (1891), Strathfield Town Hall (1923) and alterations (1913 and 1921-23).
Kent also designed Inglenook at 17 Margaret Street for merchant George Bird in 1893 and Swanton in Victoria Street for grazier Stanley Vickery.
John Hennessy was a prominent architect who designed the Frazer fountain in Hyde Park (1881), the Centennial Hall extensions to the Sydney Town Hall (1883), the Hordern Brothers' Drapery Store (1886) and City Tatterstall's Club in Pitt Street (1892).
However, Hennessy's most enduring works are the many Catholic buildings he designed with partnership with Joseph Sheerin (1884-1912) and with his son at Hennessy Hennessy & Co (1912-23).
Apart from his work for the Christian Brothers on this campus, he designed the 1894 Santa Sabina building at Strathfield, St Patrick's College at Manly, St Joseph's College at Hunter's Hill and St Vincent's College at Potts Point (1886).
Hennessy himself lived nearby in the suburb of Burwood for forty years, serving as an alderman (1890-1895) and mayor of Burwood (1892-93).
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is comparable with the main campus of the University of Sydney for the effect of its grand nineteenth century building interspersed with substantial twentieth century buildings framed by high quality landscaping.
The University of Sydney differs because it is much larger, it was purpose-built as an educational institution, it dates from an earlier period (1850s), and it was always a secular educational establishment, albeit associated with religious colleges adjacent to the campus such as St Johns and St Pauls.
Catholic Orders did sometimes purchase large, formerly private mansion estates often in the late nineteenth century as these buildings became less desirable as private residences.
An example of a site nearby is the Santa Sabina Convent located nearby on The Boulevard, which has been occupied by the Dominican Sisters since 1894.
Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus contains two especially fine and substantially intact examples of the Interwar Romanesque Style in the Barron Chapel and the Mullens Building.
Comparable examples of the Interwar Romanesque style include: St Joseph's church in Junee attributed to Albert Edmund Bates, 1929, and St Raphael's Catholic church, Parkside, Adelaide, 1916.
Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus demonstrates the progression of the work of one architectural practice, Sheerin & Hennessy, later Hennessey & Henessey, from the Federation period through to the mid-1960s.
Comparable sites that showcase the design work of one architectural firm over a long period include the Maitland Showground, in which a numerous buildings were designed by successive generations of the Pender architectural firm.
The Mount St Mary Australian Catholic University (ACU) Strathfield campus is located in the inner western suburbs of Sydney, 14km from the city centre, within the Municipality of Strathfield Council.
It is complemented by a variety of twentieth century buildings in a carefully landscaped setting around a main axis and includes several courtyards, playing fields, roads and parking areas.
The heritage listing is focused on the historic core of buildings and spaces, about one third of the main lot on which most of the campus is located (Part Lot 11 DP 869042, 179 Albert Road).
Now used for administration, catering and functions, the original part of this building at the southern end is the mansion designed by Harry Chambers Kent for wool merchant John Hinchcliff in 1887.
Characteristics of this style apparent in the building include: asymmetrical massing, prominent tower employing classical motifs, bracketed eaves, rounded arches, faceted bay, polychromatic brickwork and stucco wall finishes.
It is regarded by some as the first example of the style to be wholly designed by an Australian born architect.
In 1908-12 after the villa was acquired by the Christian Brothers and with substantial alterations and additions to the north designed by Sheerin & Hennessy, including a fine Gothic chapel, the building became known as Mount St Mary.
It is described in the LEP listing as 'probably the finest of Strathfield's Victorian mansions to survive to the present day' (LEP listing for ACU, 2005, 'Description').
The main rooms of the original villa generally demonstrate a high degree of integrity with regard to plan and finishes, especially the entrance hall and stair.
The original drawing room on the eastern side of the ground floor retains the original white marble columns visible in early photographs.
While of only modest integrity, the eastern elevation makes an important aesthetic contribution to the main courtyard that it helps define.
It is constructed of two-tone face brick with steeply pitched, slate clad roofs and stone-coloured terracotta detailing.It is entered on the south side, through a large sandstone framed arch.
The top of the arch is filled with a mosaic design, above this is a row of small arches and then a large rose window.
On the southeast corner of the chapel is a four storey tower with arched openings of different sizes marking the floors.
In 1970, internal alterations were made to provide for changes in liturgy, including alterations to the marble altar and the construction of a new tabernacle stand.
The Barron Memorial Chapel is considered to have a high level of integrity and is still in its original function as a place of worship.
It is also a two story building in two-tone face brick with steeply pitched, slate clad roofs and stone-coloured terracotta detailing.
The side walls are divided into eight bays which feature multi- pane double hung windows (LEP listing for ACU, 2005, 'Description').
Both brick arcades appear designed to match the Romanesque style of the Barron Chapel and the Mullens Building and are constructed of two-tone face brickwork.
The St Edmunds Building (formerly called the New Junoriate, built on the site of the Victorian villa Ovalau, later known as St Endra's which was demolished ): This Modern Movement brick building with multiple wings was designed by Sheerin & Hennessy in several stages.
It was originally opened on 22 July 1962 as the New Juniorate and designed to provide a new hall, science rooms, library, common room and oratory for up to 98 boys in training after the Mullens Building was considered too small for this purpose.
The west wing is included in the heritage precinct and has three storeys with a rendered arcade at the ground floor and brick walls with square window openings above.
The south and east wings of this building are two storeys (the south and east wings are largely excluded from the heritage listing).
It is a two storey U-shaped building (with the U now infilled) with walls of painted brick and a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof.
The original section of the building has been divided into rooms of varying sizes that do not reflect the layout of the original stables.
The area comprises lawns with intersecting brick paths and randomly spaced, mature Canary Island Date Palms, some set in raised circular brick walled garden beds.
One north-facing grassed courtyard is formed between the Barron Chapel and the Mullens Building with the straight the brick arcade at the south and the Limpias Crucifix at the north, beneath a large fig tree.A second north-facing grassed courtyard is formed between the Barron Chapel and the Brother Stewart Library, with the rear of the Edmund Rice Building to the south.
The gates are symmetrical, comprising a central set of two wrought iron carriage gates and matching pedestrian gates on either side, all hung from rendered masonry piers.
The most significant view corridor is along the axis of the roadway flanked by trees leading from Albert Road towards the Edmund Rice Building.
Two distinct - and surviving - plantings can be readily associated with the Christian Brothers period of occupation: the cypress pines planted along the Barker Road boundary and the Canary Island date palms found around the site.
at the northern end of the courtyard between Barron Memorial Chapel and the Mullen Building is a visually significant planting within the courtyard.
The crucifix is a copy of a venerated statue in the Spanish town of Limpias which was sent to Mount St Mary's by the Christian Brothers of Gibraltar in 1933 to mark the 1,900th anniversary of Christ's crucifixion.
As at 20 August 2015, the Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is of state significance for its historical, associational, social, research and rarity values as part of a state-wide pattern of Catholic education since the early twentieth century.
Mount St Mary Campus of the Australian Catholic University was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 April 2016 having satisfied the following criteria.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is of state historical significance as part of a state-wide pattern of Catholic education since the early twentieth century - first for Christian Brothers, later for lay teachers within the Catholic education system and more recently as a campus for the Australian Catholic University.
It is also historically significant as the headquarters for Christian Brothers in Australia and New Zealand throughout most of the twentieth century.
Many of the major elements have significance for their ability to demonstrate some continuity of use by the Christian Brothers and/or the Catholic Church.
The site also has historic significance as part of the pattern of Victorian villa estates that characterised this part of suburban Sydney in the late nineteenth century.
The surviving fabric of the villa Mount Royal within the Edmund Rice Building represents a distinct period when such owners and occupiers were prominent in municipal affairs.
Mount Royal, although altered, is among the finest of the Victorian period mansions to survive in the Strathfield area and one of few still associated with its original outbuildings, landscaped gardens and gates.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus has state level significance for its associations with the Christian Brothers which lasted from 1907 to 1992.
During this period, the site was the headquarters for the order in Australia and New Zealand (until 1953), and represents a range of the brothers' activities, most significantly the training of teachers and of boys with an interest in joining the order.
The Brothers' association is manifest in the historical record, in whole or parts of buildings and in individual pieces of fabric, for example, the windows of the Barron Memorial Chapel.
Some buildings have been named to commemorate particular Brothers, for example, the Barron Chapel named after Brother Jerome Barron, Provincial of the Christian Brothers in 1907.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus has state significant associations with the architect Harry Chamber Kent (who designed Mount Royal in the 188s) and John Hennessy's architectural offices, which produced numerous design for the Christian Brothers here over many decades.
The campus is also of state significance because the Mount Royal villa was briefly (1903-4) the home of Sir George Reid, Premier of NSW 1894-1899 and Prime Minister of Australia in 1904, however his occupation is not demonstrated by any remaining physical fabric.
The campus also has local associational significance with the owners of the Victorian estates upon which it is built, especially John Hinchcliff (the original client for Mount Royal, wool-broker and mayor)..
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is of state aesthetic significance for the high quality architectural design of its key elements and for its landscaping and vistas including the avenue of Canary Island Date Palm trees.
The fine finishes of the villa, such as the cast iron lace, encaustic tiling and stained glass, exemplify Victorian industry and the aspirations and way of life of the wealthy at that time.
The place has aesthetic significance for its collection of architectural designs by a single architectural firm over more than half a century, Sheerin & Hennessy (later Hennessy, Hennessy & Co).
There is a high degree of consistency, integrity and quality in both the architecture and landscape design across most of the site.
Principal view corridors are as approached up Albert Road, along Barker Street from the east and from directly outside the main entrance on Barker Road.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is of state social significance to those thousands of people who have lived and/ or learned here, a crucial site within a state-wide pattern of Catholic education - first for the Christian Brothers, later for lay teachers within the Catholic education system and most recently as a campus for the Australian Catholic University.
The site also has local significance under this criterion for people in the Strathfield locality such as members of the Strathfield Historical Society who have long maintained an interest in the place and included it in a variety of publications and guides.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is of state research significance because the place provides insights into the activities of the Christian Brothers there including evidence of changes in function (residential to training college to university) and liturgical practice between 1907 and 1993.
The campus also has research potential for studying stylistic change in the design output of a single architectural firmbetween 1908 and the 1960s.
While there are few remains of the villa Ovalau under the St Edmunds building, the site of Ardross near Barker Road may have archaeological potential.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is of state significance for its rarity as the previous headquarters and training ground for the Catholic order the Christian Brothers, and for retaining evidence of their activities and interests including buildings, plantings, recreational facilities, chapels and statuary.
The place is also rare because it demonstrates the evolving high quality design work from a single architectural practice over many decades during the mid twentieth century, Sheerin & Hennessy / Hennessy, Hennessy & Co.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
The Australian Catholic University Strathfield Campus is representative of many institutional sites across New South Wales which demonstrates long associations with the Catholic Church.
Many structures from the Christian Brothers' period survive with sufficient integrity that they are capable of demonstrating much of the Brothers' way of life and philosophy.
The campus is also of state representative significance as an exemplar of a widespread adaptive re-use pattern where a privately owned, late-nineteenth century 'gentleman's villa' within landscaped grounds becomes the core element of an educational institution.
Plan Martha, or el Plan Marta (also known as Martha’s Plan, and as Operación Marta) was an informal agreement, signed in 1957, between the Spanish and Australian Governments, designed to bring single, Spanish, Catholic women to Australia as part of Australia's numerous post-World War II immigration intiatives.
The 2019 College Hockey America Women's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 6 and March 8, 2019, at the LECOM Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York.
Syracuse won their 1st tournament and earned College Hockey America's automatic bid into the 2019 NCAA Division I Women's Ice Hockey Tournament.
On the first day of the Tournament, the top two seeds get a bye, while the #3 seed plays the #6 seed, and the #4 seed plays the #5 seed in the Quarterfinal round.
On the second day, the Semifinal games feature the #1 seed against the lowest remaining seed, while the #2 seed plays the highest remaining seed.
On 27 October 2019, he was appointed by Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès as the Minister of Budget and Public Service and Minister for Science Policy.
Isaiah Todd (born October 17, 2001) is an American basketball player who attends Word of God Christian Academy in Raleigh, North Carolina.
A five-star recruit and one of the best power forwards in the 2020 class, he has committed to play college basketball for Michigan.
At that age, he met his first coach, Derrick Wilson, and began playing on recreational teams and on the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) circuit.
As a sophomore, Todd averaged 18.6 points, 6.5 rebounds and 1.8 blocks per game, shooting 39 percent from three-point range, to help John Marshall win the Class 3 state championship.
Todd led the team, which had been coming off two losing seasons, to a 21–12 record while averaging 28 points and 15 rebounds per game.
Todd transferred to another private Christian school in Raleigh, Word of God Christian Academy, for his final high school season, playing under Byron Williams.
Entering his sophomore season at John Marshall, Todd was ranked as the number one recruit in the 2020 class by ESPN.
On October 17, 2019, he committed to play college basketball for Michigan over offers from Kansas, Kentucky and North Carolina, among others.
Dealers become notified of cars that suit their requirements once they become available, and allows them to bid on the vehicles.
The company raised £2.75 million at seed level funding, with investors including LocalGlobe, a seed stage venture firm founded by Robin Klein and Marchmont Ventures (founded by Cheapflights CEO Hugo Burge), as well as Zoopla-founder Alex Chesterman.
Motorway raised a further £11 million in Series A funding in 2019, with investors again led by Marchmont Ventures and LocalGlobe.
In January 2018, the company released a report in diesel prices, showing the value of diesel vehicles had declined by 5% in 2017, compared to a 10% price increase in petrol car prices.
A new study in 2019 found that used diesel cars had declined in value by 10.3% over the last two years.
The research showed that the price consumers were offered online was higher than the amount they actually received, with the average drop across all companies surveyed being 6%.
The church was designed by the priest of the Piarist Order, Benedetto Margariti da Manduria, and built between 1734 and 1745.
John Donald Wilson (June 5, 1904 - January 26, 1984) was a radio and film writer, producer, and voice actor, born in Kansas City, Missouri.
When Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) took over the helms of governmental affairs in August 2018, the price of the wheat flour was 50 PKR per kilogram (KG).
The crisis came to surface with its full-fledged intensity around mid-January 2020 when the Flour Mills Association (FMA) raised the wheat flour price by 6 PKR per KG hitting a total of around 70 PKR per KG.
Hiking up the price, the FMA complained that they did not receive any subsidy from the government while in addition to the price of raw commodity, the gas and electric prices were hiked up as well thus they did not have any other option but to bump up the flour prices.
According to Jehangir Tareen who is affiliated with the government of PTI, the crisis started in November 2019 and the federal government furnished Pakistan Agriculture Storage and Services Cooperation (Passco) with 400,000 tonnes of wheat to counter the crisis.
Ricardo Catalá Salgado Junior (born 28 April 1982), known as Ricardo Catalá, is a Brazilian football manager, currently in charge of Mirassol.
On 11 October 2017, he was appointed as manager for the ensuing campaign, but was sacked the following 3 September after a run of poor results.
On 6 November, after reaching the semifinals of the year's Copa Paulista (the club's best-ever position in the tournament), he renewed his contract for a further year.
George Cony was an English merchant who defied Oliver Cromwell's authority to institute taxes without parliamentary approval by refusing to pay them, in a celebrated case of civil disobedience and tax resistance.
As the parliament had not voted a budget before its dissolution, Cromwell decided in March 1654 to order taxes on his own authority, contrary to established law which had put the authority to levy taxes solely in the hands of parliament.
Cony was fined for his refusal by the customs commissioner on November 16, and upon refusing also to pay the £500 fine, was imprisoned on December 12.
They abandoned their client's defense and expressed their contrition in a petition of May 25 in order to secure release, whereupon Cony was forced to represent himself.
The chief justice who tried the case, Henry Rolle, was evidently sympathetic to Cony's arguments, but unwilling to cross Cromwell's power.
He had the case delayed to a future term on the pretense of there having been an improperly formatted brief, and on June 7 he resigned his position.
In England there is great expectation what wilbe comme of Conyes busines; it is put off till the next terme, and mens eyes are attent upon it, as more concerned then at any thinge which happened these many yeares.
Under the succeeding judge, John Glynne, Cory withdrew his case under pressure, without a formal decision having been issued about his arguments.
In 2012 Leon Wu, a transgender man, developed the idea for a company which specialized in formal wear designed for butch lesbians and trans men, and in 2013 Wu founded Sharpe Suiting.
That same year, Sharpe Suiting designed a custom suit for Claudetteia Love, then-seventeen, after she successfully fought her school's policy against allowing women to wear suits to prom.
The company experienced significant growth in the first few years of its existence, and its customer base includes members of the LGBT community as well as allies.
Sharpe Suiting has been modeled at queer fashion shows such as Queer Fashion Week in Oakland, California and Dapper Q's 6th Annual runway at the Brooklyn Museum during the 2019 New York Fashion Week.
Urban areas in the shire included Blayney, Carcoar, South Carcoar, Mandurama and Millthorpe and the villages of Barry, Lyndhurst, Neville and Newbridge.
The shire was abolished on 1 October 1977 with part amalgamated with Boree Shire and Molong Shire to form Cabonne Shire and the balance reconstitued as Blayney Shire.
Joeboy won Best Artiste in African Pop at the 2019 All Africa Music Awards, and Best Pop at the 2020 Soundcity MVP Awards Festival.
In the Americas Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1994.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1994.
It features a lattice with nearest neighbour interactions determined by the alignment or anti-alignment of spin projections along the formula_1 axis, as well as an external magnetic field perpendicular to the formula_1 axis (without loss of generality, along the formula_3 axis) which creates an energetic bias for one x-axis spin direction over the other.
An important feature of this setup is that, in a quantum sense, the spin projection along the formula_3 axis and the spin projection along the formula_1 axis are not commuting observable quantities.
Here, the subscripts refer to lattice sites, and the sum formula_7 is done over pairs of nearest neighbour sites formula_8 and formula_9.
formula_10 and formula_11 are representations of elements of the spin algebra (Pauli matrices, in the case of spin 1/2) acting on the spin variables of the corresponding sites.
formula_12 is a prefactor with dimensions of energy, and formula_13 is another coupling coefficient that determines the relative strength of the external field compared to the nearest neighbour interaction.
Below the discussion is restricted to the one dimensional case where each lattice site is a two-dimensional complex Hilbert space (i.e.
The Hamiltonian possesses a formula_16 symmetry group, as it is invariant under the unitary operation of flipping all of the spins in the formula_1 direction.
However, in terms of on-site spins the solution is generally very inconvenient to write down explicitly in terms of the spin variables.
It is more convenient to write the solution explicitly in terms of fermionic variables defined by Jordan-Wigner transformation, in which case the excited states have a simple quasiparticle or quasihole description.
Precisely, if formula_21 is a ground state of the Hamiltonian, then formula_22 is also a ground state, and together formula_23 and formula_24 span the degenerate ground state space.
As a simple example, when formula_25, the ground states are formula_26 and formula_27, that is, with all the spins aligned along the formula_1 axis.
This is a gapped phase, meaning that the lowest energy excited state(s) have an energy higher than the ground state energy by a nonzero amount (nonvanishing in the thermodynamic limit).
As a simple example, when formula_13 is infinity, the ground state is formula_32, that is with the spin in the formula_33 direction on each site.
At this value of formula_36, the system has gapless excitations and its low-energy behaviour is described by the two-dimensional Ising conformal field theory.
This conformal theory has central charge formula_37, and is the simplest of the unitary minimal models with central charge less than 1.
Besides the identity opertaor, the theory has two primary fields, one with scaling dimensions formula_38 and another one with scaling dimensions formula_39.
It is possible to rewrite the spin variables as fermionic variables, using a highly nonlocal transformation known as the Jordan-Wigner Transformation.
Then the transverse field Ising Hamiltonian (assuming an infinite chain and ignoring boundary effects) can be expressed entirely as a sum of local quadratic terms containing creation and annihilation operators.
formula_42This Hamiltonian fails to conserve total fermion number and does not have the associated formula_43 global continuous symmetry, due to the presence of the formula_44 term.
That is, the Hamiltonian commutes with the quantum operator that indicates whether the total number of fermions is even or odd, and this parity does not change under time evolution of the system.
The Hamiltonian is mathematically identical to that of a superconductor in the mean field Bogoliubov deGennes formalism and can be completely understood in the same standard way.
formula_49Then, in terms of the newly-defined Pauli matrices with tildes, which obey the same algebraic relations as the original Pauli matrices, the Hamiltonian is simply formula_50.
This indicates that the model with coupling parameter formula_13 is dual to the model with coupling parameter formula_52, and establishes a duality between the ordered phase and the disordered phase.
Note that there are some subtle considerations at the boundaries of the Ising chain; as a result of these, the degeneracy and formula_54 symmetry properties of the ordered and disordered phases are changed under the Kramers-Wannier duality.
The Hotel Rosita De Hornedo (today Hotel Sierra Maestra), located in the Puntilla area of Miramar, was one of the first major buildings to be built by a private developer in the 1950s in Havana.
Alfredo Hornedo y Suárez was the owner of the Blanquita theater, now the Karl Marx Theatre, and the Sports Casino, which is today the social circle Cristino Naranjo.
In August 1962, a group part of the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil (DRE) militants, travelled to Cuba from Miami in a small boat and attacked the Rosita de Hornedo building, known after the revolution as the Hotel Sierra Maestra, they fired a canon, terrorizing the guests of the Hotel, then fled back to the United States.
After the revolution, he was trained by the CIA in intelligence, communications, explosives, sabotage and subversion in Panama, Guatemala, and the United States.
He was later placed back into Cuba, posing as a physics student at the University of Santiago to help prepare the ground for the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
In 1961, under CIA sponsorship, Basulto infiltrated Cuba for a commando operation intended to sabotage an alleged missile site, a mission which was ultimately aborted.
In August 1962 he was involved in an expedition of the Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil which took a boat to Cuba and fired a 20 mm cannon at the Rosita De Hornedo hotel, though nobody was killed in the incident.
The trapezoidal site accomodates the building, parallel to 1st street, and several outdoor swimming pools on the north side of the site.
Like the FOCSA Building in the Vedado, the Rosita De Hornedo has a semi-covered Porte-cochère with a lightly sloping ramp that brings automobiles to the front door of the building.
There are a total 13 floors above the ground level; the first floor is composed of entrance and its functions close to the elevator, and commercial services; there are 12 floors of residential containing 172 apartments including the top two floors which have two pent-house apartments with circilar balconies giving the building its ditinctive look.
The apartments on the lower 10 floors have a living room, kitchenette, balcony (north side), and two or three rooms overlooking Miramar's first avenue or the ocean.
The wall transfers lateral wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building.
A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water infiltration, absorb sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, withstand wind loads, and support its own dead load weight forces.
The aluminum frame is typically infilled with glass, which provides an architecturally pleasing building, as well as benefits such as daylighting.
However, the effects of light on visual comfort as well as solar heat gain in a building are more difficult to control when using large amounts of glass infill.
Curtain walls differ from storefront systems in that they are designed to span multiple floors, taking into consideration design requirements such as: thermal expansion and contraction; building sway and movement; water diversion; and thermal efficiency for cost-effective heating, cooling, and lighting in the building.
In general, high rise apartment buildings have technical and economic advantages in areas of high population density such as Havana, and have become a distinctive feature of housing accommodation in virtually all densely populated urban areas around the world.
In contrast with low-rise and single-family houses, apartment blocks accommodate more inhabitants per unit of area of land and decrease the cost of municipal infrastructure.
High-rise projects after World War II typically rejected the classical designs of the early skyscrapers, instead embracing the uniform international style; many older skyscrapers were redesigned to suit contemporary tastes or even got demolished - such as New York's Singer Building, once the world's tallest skyscraper.
However, with the movements of Postmodernism, New Urbanism, and New Classical Architecture, that established since the 1980s, a more classical approach came back to global skyscraper design, that is popular today.
The elevation the sea elevation gets little direct light because of its northern exposure, here is where most of the balconies in the buiding are located.
The formal design of the Rosita De Hornedo, with its souith facing strip windows and circular, overhanging penthouses, was in part inspired by the expressionist work of architect Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) who was a German architect known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas.
During the Second World War she performed at the Czechoslovak National Theatre from the age of eleven and then she joined Disman's radio ensemble.
He represented Tunisia at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco and he won the gold medal in the men's 74 kg event.
He also won the gold medal in the men's 74 kg event at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China.
Its design includes a simple black ring and two bands of chartreuse green and aqua blue running diagonally across a white field.
Spokane's first city flag, consisting of a navy blue field with a white stripe, was adopted in 1912 following a public contest with more than 500 entries.
The third and present flag was adopted in October 1975, shortly after Spokane hosted the World's Fair and was named an All-American City.
The Spokane flag consists of a white field with diagonal bands of chartreuse green and aqua blue that run from the hoist to bottom center.
The two colors were derived from the Expo '74 logo and are unusual in flags according to the North American Vexillological Association.
Spokane's first city flag was created through a public contest held by the Spokane Ad Club in July 1912, following the creation of a flag commission by the city government.
The contest was opened to residents of Spokane and the Inland Empire and offered a $25 prize for the winning design.
More than 500 entries were submitted during the month-long contest, including drawings, sewn flags, and pennants despite being disavowed by Ad Club president R. E. Bigelow, who desired a design that would complement the national flag.
The winning entry, designed by Spokane residents W. J. Kommers, J. Frank Robbins, and Mrs. Herman Peterson, was unveiled on August 1, 1912.
The flag was used unofficially by the Ad Club to represent Spokane at national conventions and for viewings by other cities interested in designing their own flags, including Chicago.
The last remaining reproduction of the city flag is stored in the collections of the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.
A new city flag was proposed in 1958 by local businessman S. Luther Essick, who also served as president of the Spokane chamber of commerce and the Lilac Festival Association.
Essick was inspired during his work in Vienna after World War II, where he saw citizens using their city flag as a source of civic pride.
His design was adopted by the city council on July 25, 1958, to celebrate the Lilac Festival, and installed at the city hall on September 9.
The first flag was later donated to the Expo '74 organizing committee in 1974 after being used as part of the World's Fair ceremonies.
The second city flag consisted of a lilac purple field with four white lines extending from the corners towards the center, where several images were displayed.
The outline of Mount Spokane sits above the center skyline and below a yellow sun, referencing the city's namesake, the Spokane people.
At a city council briefing in June 1975, mayor David H. Rodgers displayed the then-current lilac flag and asked for a new design to be made.
The city adopted a new flag on October 6, 1975, which was designed by art director Lloyd L. Carlson of a local advertising company that had previously worked on the Expo '74 logo.
The first flag to be produced with the new design was completed in March 1976 by two members of the St. John's Episcopal Church and presented two months to a delegation from Nishinomiya, Spokane's sister city in Japan.
A second flag was made by members of the Spokane Falls Needlework Guild over a two-month period before an annual stitchery convention in March 1977.
The city flag was rarely displayed for several decades, with occasional use at city hall and at the Avista headquarters in the 1990s.
A banner with the flag and a secondary design for the city's centennial was taken in 1981 to Mount Everest by Chris Kopczynski, who was the first Spokanite to climb the mountain.
The city flag was moved from storage to the city hall's conference room in 2012 by Spokane mayor David Condon shortly after he took office.
In a 2004 survey of city flags in the United States by members of the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA), the Spokane flag ranked 111th out of 150 overall, with an average score of 3.15 out of 10 points.
A resolution sponsored by city councilmember Kate Burke proposing the creation of a task force for designing a new flag was passed unanimously by the city council in June 2019.
The Spokane Flag Commission was formed in December 2019 and consists of ten local residents representing the city government, Spokane tribal government, arts commission, and vexillologists.
The commission plans to select a new flag design by June 2021 after taking community suggestions based on a set of guidelines.
It was originally founded in 1909, called the Louisiana State Library Association, after a call for a statewide library group from the New Orleans Library Club.
An initial meeting of thirty people was held at Tulane University in 1909 with the goal of increasing the number of trained librarians in the state and drafting library legislation.
LLA became a chapter member of the American Library Association in 1939, and has been a member since then with the exception of a period from March 5, 1963 through mid-1965 when the Executive Board of LLA resigned from ALA because the organization was not integrated.
Before 1965 the Louisiana Colored Teachers’ Association (later called the Louisiana Education Association) had a libraries section which counted public, school, and academic librarians among its members.
The site is one of the largest of its kind in China, and also operates in Southeast Asia as NIMO TV.
Similar to other streaming services like Twitch, the site primarily focuses on video game live streaming and includes official broadcasts of esports competitions.
The same was done for the LCS and LEC on 20 January 2020, the LCK's equivalents in North America and Europe respectively.
Many of the recently discovered hypselostomatids of this region have been classified by the authors as being critically endangered under IUCN criteria, being restricted (by collection, or nature) to single sites and falling at risk to limestone quarries.
As a drag author, Bulsara performs book readings with singing, dancing and lip-syncing in bookstores, national parks and on public transportation.
Campbell was appointed to the position of Treasurer of the University of Michigan by the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan on June 27, 1911.
Sign of the Wolf is a 1941 American adventure film directed by Howard Bretherton and written by Elizabeth Sutphin and Edmond Kelso.
Born in Allahabad (now known as Prayagraj), United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (present-day Uttar Pradesh) in 1929, he received a national diploma in art from Delhi Polytechnic (now known as Delhi Technological University) in 1959.
He was a part of the Group 1890 exhibition held in the year 1963, but was not present personally because of being in Italy.
Bowen received a state sponsorship for study and travel from the Norwegian government in 1977, and settled with his wife in Oslo.
He received a grant from the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for this series and it was exhibited in the United Nations Office at Geneva.
His works are part of the collections of the National Gallery, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Gallery of Modern Art.
John Walton Barker, (October 7, 1933 – October 24, 2019) was an American historian and specialist in Byzantine history and classical music.
John Walton Barker was born in Brooklyn, New York on October 7, 1933 to John W. (Jack) Barker and Evelyn Doty Barker.
(1956) and Ph.D (1961) at Rutgers University and spent three fellowship years (1959-62) at Harvard’s Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C. before joining the faculty of the History Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he served until retirement in 1999.
He was dedicated to the history of Medieval Europe, with teaching and research specialities in Byzantine, the Crusades, as well as Venetian history and civilization.
In 1975 he helped found the Byzantine Studies Conference (now the Byzantine Studies Association of North America), which continues to be the main venue for presenting current research on Byzantine studies in the western hemisphere.
He and his wife traveled extensively and, for a good decade, he led educational tours to Turkey, Greece, Italy, and especially Sicily.
Barker was a devoted connoisseur of classical music, especially opera and oratorio, with a particular devotion to the oratorios of Handel.
In addition, he sang in several local choirs including the choir at the Assumption Greek Orthodox Church in Madison for 47 years.
He is buried in the Coughlin family plot at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn where he joins his ancestor Thomas Joralemon (c. 1776—1850) and where his neighbors include Leonard Bernstein, Louis Moreau Gottschalk, as well as other notables.
Sentinel Peak is a 4,355-foot (1,327-meter) mountain summit located at the head of Glacier Bay's Queen Inlet in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, in the Alsek Ranges of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska.
He so named it because Carroll Glacier is guarded by Sentinel Peak, and a sentinel is a guard whose job is to stand and keep watch.
On November 7, 2000, Young won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 5, seat B.
He began working with the dubbed Syrian cartoon network Venus Centre (Markaz Al Zuhra) in the early ninties, where he specialized in creating Arabic theme songs for dubbed foreign cartoons.
It is scheduled to be released on May 8, 2020, on Atlantic Records and will serve as the singer's first solo release outside of being a featured artist.
The album was the pair's first collaborative album together, setting the trend for a series of studio albums over the next several years.
The album marked the first collaboration between Anderson and Howard, both of whom had been recording separately for the Decca label during the 1960s.
With the abolition of the slave trade new owners sailed her to South America, to New South Wales, and then to the South Seas as a whaler.
The Slave Trade Act 1807, which forbade British vessels to engage in the slave trade, took effect on 1 May 1807.
The Aspinalls sold her to Brook & Co., which employed her in sailing from London to Montevideo, which the British had just captured in February.
The construction of it began in 1938 at the cost of 14 million rubles, but by 1941, only excavations were dug on the spot.
In the center of them is the Supreme Council Hall, located along the main longitudinal axis of the building, it forms two rectangular courtyards.
The architectural solution of the main facade is a huge 8-column spatial portico, creating an effective play of light and shadow.
The Kazani pit killings refers to the mass murder of predominantly ethnic Serbs living inside besieged Sarajevo by the forces of Mušan Topalović, commander of the 10th Mountain Brigade in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War.
Topalović, along with Jusuf Prazina, Ismet Bajramović and others, was one of the key criminals tasked with defending the city during the early stages of the war.
Ramiz Delalić, who commanded the 9th Mountain Brigade in Sarajevo, and Topalović who commanded the 10th brigade, controlled a large part of the besieged capital.
He exercised absolute power over neighborhoods, press-ganged recruits, ran black market smuggling, kidnapped and ransomed rich people, organized rapes, allocated empty houses, and executed Serb fighters and civilians (likely over 400).
In one documented case, a family of six was gunned down by automatic weapons as they gathered to eat lunch, by assailants who were wearing uniforms of the Patriotic League.
Jovan Divjak, a Serbian general serving with the Sarajevo government, said that officials identified the killers within hours but police blocked the investigation – as in many other cases of Anti-Serb violence.
The Kazani pit was located on Mount Trebević below Bosnian Serb Army positions and approximately 1.5 kilometers north of the city center.
It was used by Caco and his men as a place for murder and as a mass grave for their victims.
Serb civilians were rounded up, beaten and then killed, often by having their throats slit and being decapitated, before their bodies were dumped at the Kazani pit.
On May 27, 1993, Divjak informed then president of the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović of the crimes carried out against Serbian civilians in Sarajevo.
He sent a five-page letter which not only detailed the killings being carried out by paramilitary groups, but also listed more than a dozen names of those who had been abducted and slain.
Esad Tucakovic, who was sentenced to six years in prison for his role in killings carried out in October 1993, described the torture and murder of Vasilij and Ana Lavriv, a couple during his trial.
The Bosnian government's relationship with Caco and his paramilitary group proved to be complicated as their defense of the city during its siege was a priority.
Alibabić and others charge that Caco was eliminated not because he was an out-of-control commander but because he had become a political liability for Izetbegović and his inner circle of SDA political leaders who were accomplices in his dirty work.
An exhumation of the mass graves at the Kazani pit was undertaken by investigators, with 29 bodies being recovered after a few days.
Of the 15 victims that were identified, 10 were Serbs, 2 Ukrainians (Ana and Vasilj Lavrov), 2 Croats and one Bosniak.
The total number of victims killed at Kazani is not known, with estimates ranging from a few dozen to some hundreds.
By war's end, the number of Serbs in Sarajevo was estimated to be in the low tens of thousands, fewer than 20% of those who had lived in the city in 1991.
In 2016, Bosnian Muslim politician Bakir Izetbegović, the son of Alija Izetbegović, paid tribute to Sarajevo Serb war victims by visiting the Kazani pit and laying flowers at the edge of the ravine.
In mathematics, the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras is one of crowning achievements of the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras.
The theory was worked out mainly by E. Cartan and H. Weyl and because of that, the theory is also known as the Cartan–Weyl theory.
The theory gives the structural description and classification of a finite-dimensional representation of a semisimple Lie algebra (over formula_1); in particular, it gives a way to parametrize (or classify) irreducible finite-dimensional representations of a semisimple Lie algebra, the result known as the theorem of the highest weight.
Also, finite-dimensional representations of a connected compact Lie group can be studied through finite-dimensional representations of the universal cover of such a group.
Hence, the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras marks the starting point for the general theory of representations of connected compact Lie groups.
Classification of the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of a semisimple Lie algebra formula_4 over formula_5 or formula_6 generally consists of two steps.
The following theorem applies: A real-linear finite-dimensional representations of a real Lie algebra extends to a complex-linear representations of its complexification.
That is to say, one hypothesizes that one has an irreducible representation formula_7 of a complex semisimple Lie algebra formula_8 without worrying about how the representation is constructed.
Let formula_9 be a Cartan subalgebra of formula_2, that is a maximal commutative subalgebra with the property that formula_11 is diagonalizable for each formula_12, and let formula_13 be a basis for formula_9.
If formula_23 is irreducible and formula_24 is a weight vector with weight formula_15, then the entire space formula_23 must be generated by the action of formula_2 on formula_24.
This claim follows from the general result on complete reducibility of semisimple Lie algebras, or from the fact that sl(2,C) is the complexification of the Lie algebra of the simply connected compact group SU(2).
This analysis is described in detail in the representation theory of SU(2) (from the point of the view of the complexified Lie algebra).
First, in this simple example, it is not hard to write down an explicit basis for the representation and an explicit formula for how the generators formula_47 of the Lie algebra act on this basis.
Note that the formulas for the action of formula_51, formula_52, and formula_53 do not depend on formula_48; the subscript in the formulas merely indicates that we are restricting the action of the indicated operators to the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree formula_48 in formula_60 and formula_61.
There is a similar theory classifying the irreducible representations of sl(3,C), which is the complexified Lie algebra of the group SU(3).
together with six other matrices formula_63 and formula_64 each of which as a 1 in an off-diagonal entry and zeros elsewhere.
The irreducible representations are then classified by the largest eigenvalues formula_77 and formula_78 of formula_67 and formula_68, respectively, where formula_77 and formula_78 are non-negative integers.
Then one takes a tensor product of formula_77 copies of the standard representation and formula_78 copies of the dual of the standard representation, and extracts an irreducible invariant subspace.
Finally, the irreducible representations with highest weight formula_89 can be realized concretely on the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree formula_48 in three complex variables.
We now briefly summarize the structures needed to state the theorem of the highest weight; more details can be found in the article on weights in representation theory.
Much is known about the representations of a complex semisimple Lie algebra formula_2, besides the classification in terms of highest weights.
We have already alluded to Weyl's theorem, which states that every finite-dimensional representation of formula_2 decomposes as a direct sum of irreducible representations.
There is also the Weyl character formula, which leads to the Weyl dimension formula (a formula for the dimension of the representation in terms of its highest weight), the Kostant multiplicity formula (a formula for the multiplicities of the various weights occurring in a representation).
Finally, there is also a formula for the eigenvalue of the Casimir element, which acts as a scalar in each irreducible representation.
As an example, we may consider formula_130, in which case formula_128 may be taken to be the special unitary group SU(n).
If formula_2 is a complex semisimple Lie algebra, there is a unique complex semisimple Lie group formula_143 with Lie algebra formula_2, in addition to the simply connected compact group formula_128.
Changes to the league's schedule include an increase from 34 to 36 regular season games for each team, the introduction of a mid-season Commissioner's Cup tournament, and an increased number of games broadcast on ESPN and ABC.
On January 14, 2020, the WNBA and the WNBA Players Association announced that a new eight-year Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) had been signed.
The WNBA announced that each team would play 36 total games in the 2020 season, an increase from the 34 games played in each season since 2003.
In the first half of the season between May 15 and July 10, each team will play its first home and road games against its five conference opponents.
Ronald Brandon Cain and a group of his Bladworth Elementary School buddies played a game of throwing tin lids into 4 foot wide circles drawn into sandy patches on their school grounds.
It was not until the 1970s that modern disc golf would be introduced to Canadians at the Canadian Open Frisbee Championships in Toronto and Vancouver, BC.
Students at Rice University in Houston, Texas, for example, held tournaments with trees as targets as early as 1964, and in the early 1960s, players in Pendleton King Park in Augusta, Georgia would toss Frisbees into 50-gallon barrel trash cans designated as targets.
In 1968 Frisbee Golf was also played in Alameda Park in Santa Barbara, California by teenagers in the Anacapa and Sola street areas.
This took place for several years and an Alameda Park collectors edition disc still exists, though rare, as few were made.
Two early coordinators of the sport are George Sappenfield and Kevin Donnelly, who, through similar backgrounds and the help of Ed Headrick at Wham-O, were able to individually spread the sport in their California cities.
In 1961, while a recreation leader and then recreation supervisor for the City of Newport Beach, California, he formulated and then began organizing Frisbee golf tournaments at nine of the city's playgrounds he supervised.
In 1965, Sappenfield was a recreation counselor during a summer break from college during which, he set up an object course for his children to play on.
When he finished college in 1968, Sappenfield became the Parks and Recreation supervisor for Conejo Recreation and Park District in Thousand Oaks, California.
Sappenfield planned a disc golf tournament as part of a recreation project and contacted Wham-O Manufacturing to ask them for help with the event.
Before 1973 and the invention of the disc golf target called the disc pole hole, there were only a few disc golf object courses in the U.S. and Canada.
Despite having never heard of the International Frisbee Association (IFA) that Ed Headrick and Wham-O had put together, or ever seeing a copy of the IFA Newsletter, Jim Palmeri, his brother, and a small group of people from Rochester, NY, had been playing disc golf as a competitive sport on a regular basis since August 1970, including tournaments and weekly league play.
By 1973, they had even promoted two City of Rochester Disc Frisbee Championship events which featured disc golf as the main event.
In Canada, beginning in 1970, Ken Westerfield and Jim Kenner played Frisbee golf daily on an 18 object hole course they designed at Queen's Park in downtown Toronto and presented Canada's first disc golf competitions.
The tournament was groundbreaking, first and foremost because of the cash involved, its massive payout right in the title, but also because the competitors had to qualify for an invitation.
In 1976 Headrick formalized the rules of the sport, founded the Disc Golf Association (DGA), the Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA), the Recreational Disc Golf Association (RDGA) and invented the first formal disc golf target with chains and a basket.
Dave Dunipace invented the modern golf disc in 1983, with the revolutionary change of adding a beveled rim, giving the disc a greater distance and accuracy.
In 1982 Ed Headrick turned over control of the PDGA to the players and Ted Smethers to be run independently and to officiate the standard rules of play for the sport.
Headrick designed and installed the first standardized target course in what was then known as Oak Grove Park in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
He started designing the target because he was tired of arguing over what counted as a scoring disc with his friends.
He founded the Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA) and Recreational Disc Golf Association (RDGA) for competitive and family-oriented play, respectively, and worked on standardizing the rules and the equipment for the growing sport.
Philip Shirley (1913-1998) was a businessman, who held senior positions with the British Transport Commission, British Rail Board and Cunard in the United Kingdom and the Public Transport Commission in Australia.
After being appointed to the British Transport Commission in 1961, he became the vice-chairman of the British Rail Board under Richard Beeching in 1964.
Having retired, in 1972 Shirley returned to Australia, having been appointed the inaugural chairman of the Public Transport Commission, becoming the highest paid public servant in New South Wales.
Shirley earned the ire of railfans enforcing bans on steam locomotives operating on the main line in both the United Kingdom and Australia.
He was vice president of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and associate dean of the University of Chicago Divinity School.
Based on an estimate from the Mercator Advisory Group, nearly $100 billion per year is spent on holiday gift cards, but as much as 3% of the cards will never get redeemed.
National Use Your Gift Card Day was founded by Tracy Tilson who formed a limited liability company to support the National Use Your Gift Card Day movement.
Unlike seawalls, dynamic revetment is designed to allow wave action to rearrange the stones into an equilibrium profile, disrupting wave action and dissipating wave energy as the cobbles move.
It was observed that a beach immediately began to form along the toe of the eroding slide, consisting of the coarsest materials, gravel, cobbles and boulders.
With its accumulation, the rate of toe erosion progressively slowed, the material having sorted itself into a protective gravel and cobble beach, backed in riprap-like fashion by a line of armor-sized boulders.
Their crisscrossed arrangement provides dynamic stability even when impacted by high tides and waves, capturing wind-blown sand and encouraging the growth of foredunes.
Using grant funds from the California Coastal Conservancy and the Federal Highway Administration, the project relocated the bike path and parking lot.
Following storm damage to Cape Lookout State Park in 1999, it became apparent that some form of shore protection was needed.
It was decided that a conventional riprap revetment or seawall would be incompatible with this natural park setting, so the decision was made to construct a cobble berm that resembled the appearance and function of a natural cobble beach, backed by an artificial foredune that was reinforced by a core of sand-filled geotextile bags.
In 1996 a rock jetty was constructed to protect State Route 105 near North Cove, which appeared to increase the erosion to the east by redirecting the force of the waves.
In response, Washington State Department of Transportation constructed 780 feet of dynamic revetment along the south side of the highway right of way in the fall of 2017.
The dynamic revetment has generally performed as intended, with storm erosion transporting the berm material to the toe where it can buffer and dissipate wave energy.
However due to project footprint constraints, the cobble berm was constructed with a narrow width at the western end where wave energy is highest.
In 2016, as a response to what has been called the fastest erosion on the West Coast of the United States, the community of North Cove began placing cobble along nearly 2 miles of shoreline to slow the erosion while engineers worked on a more permanent design.
Working with regulatory agenies, the principles of Adaptive management and Design with Nature were incorporated into the project to allow for learning and change based on periodic monitoring by Washington State Department of Ecology.
The 2020 Clemson Tigers softball team are the varsity college softball team representing Clemson University in the 2020 NCAA Division I softball season.
The 2017 draft Libyan constitution is a draft of a constitution for Libya prepared by the Constitution Drafting Assembly of 60 people elected from around Libya in the 2014 Libyan Constitutional Assembly election.
Following the overthrow of the Gaddafi government in the Libyan Civil War, the Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration was published by the Libyan National Transitional Council in August 2011, intended as a temporary constitution until a permanent one could be agreed upon.
The High National Election Commission (HNEC) organised the 2014 Libyan Constitutional Assembly election of 60 representatives in February 2014, 20 from each of the Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan regions of Libya.
Article 113 gives the president to choose the prime minister arbitrarily without being constrained to members of parliament or to the political party with a parliamentary majority.
Zaid al-Ali interpreted Chapters 8 and 9 of the draft constitution to lead to concentration of wealth in the hands of the president, including the control of natural resources.
Zaid al-Ali judged the lack of definition of intelligence services or constraints on their activities in the draft constitution risked the creation of multiple intelligence agencies with no civilian oversight.
He expressed concern that parliament's approval is not required before a presidential declaration of a state of emergency comes into effect (as in the Iraqi constitution, ).
Al-Ali judged the judiciary (in Articles including 118, 120, 125, 135 and 136) to be defined with a fair degree of independence from the president, but with a flaw in ambiguity regarding the membership and decision-making methods of the high judicial council.
Al-Ali viewed the human rights elements of the draft constitution to lack details of how they would be enforced in courts in practice.
According to al-Ali, only two other Arab countries at the time had this limitation (Tunisia, Article 49, and Yemen's draft constitution).
In February 2018, the HoR rejected the CDA's draft constitution and called instead to develop an amendment of the 1951 Constitution of the Kingdom of Libya.
Earlier in February 2018, a legal case against the validity of the draft constitution proceeded to a hearing by the Supreme Court, which dismissed lower courts' decisions against the draft.
The 5th Wish Music Awards ceremony was held on January 19, 2020, at Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay City, Metro Manila Singer-songwriter Christian Bautista and T.V.
The Wish 107.5 Music Awards once again honored the people who have made significant contributions to the flourishing Filipino music industry, continuing their tradition in their fifth year.
As in the previous installments, the WMA gave a cash prize of Php 25,000 to the major award winners and another Php 100,000 to their respective beneficiaries.
KZ Tandingan was named as the Wish Artist of the Year, Ben&Ben won as the Wish Group Artis of the year, while the fast-rising P-Pop Boy Band SB19 won the Wish Breakthrough Artist of the Year.
The Yale Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, or YICB, is an academic research center based primarily in the study of biomedical ethics.
It is partnered with the Hastings Center to sponsor the international Summer Bioethics Institute (SBI), and is a subsidiary of the Institution for Social and Policy Studies (ISPS).
The YICB ultimately agreed that there was no legal precedent against Sestan's team, but that it was in an ethical gray area.
The Nadreau Lake is a freshwater body located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
This lake receives the waters on the west side of two small lakes: Plamondon lake (altitude: ) and an unnamed lake ().
This forest area includes several swamps at several altitude levels: to ; especially around the lakes of Petit Pré, Grandpré, Gariépy, Étang des Silènes, Saulmer; as well as in the Malbaie River area, around Lac des Frelons and Lac des Sixty Six (this area seems to have 66 small lakes through swamps).
Jiayang Sun is a Chinese-American statistician whose research has included work on confidence bands for multiple comparisons, selection bias, mixture models, Gaussian random fields, and applications in biostatistics, software bug tracking, astronomy, and intellectual property law.
She is a statistics professor, Bernard J. Dunn Eminent Scholar, and chair of the statistics department at George Mason University, and a former president of the Caucus for Women in Statistics.
Sun earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1982 from Anhui University and a master's degree in 1985 from Peking University.
After she completed her doctorate, she became a faculty member at the University of Michigan and later at Case Western Reserve University, where she became a professor of biostatistics and director of Case's Center for Statistical Research, Computing and Collaboration.
In 2019 she moved to the department of statistics at George Mason University as professor, Bernard J. Dunn Eminent Scholar, and department chair.
She also became an ASA/ACM/AMS/IMS/MAA/SIAM Science and Technology Policy Fellow for 2019–2020, working with the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, DC.
Sun is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute.
They were considered one of the leading aristocratic families of the empire by George Pachymeres, and one of just five such new families.
They were probably unrelated to the Limpidarios family that rose to prominence in the army and navy in the 14th century.
According to the official statement of TsKIB SOO specialists, it was the most durable and reliable civilian hunting weapon ever made in the USSR (by this time several MTs 5 guns had already withstood from 100,000 to 150,000 shots without breaking).
This is a list of electoral results for the Northern Metropolitan Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
This is a list of electoral results for the Northern Victoria Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
This is a list of electoral results for the Eastern Victoria Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
This is a list of electoral results for the Eastern Metropolitan Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
This is a list of electoral results for the South Eastern Metropolitan Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
Robyn Jean Bradshaw (born 28 August 1949) is a former Australian diver who competed in two Olympic Games and one Commonwealth Games.
Bradshaw won the silver medal at 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica in 10m platform, missing out on the gold medal by 2/100 of a point to Joy Newman.
This is a list of electoral results for the Southern Metropolitan Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
This is a list of electoral results for the Western Metropolitan Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
This is a list of electoral results for the Western Victoria Region in Victorian state elections from the region's creation in 2006 until the present.
Eure's elder brother, Ralph, succeeded their father to the barony after his death in 1594, while his nephew, William, was an MP in the same constituency that Francis would later represent.
His nephew, William, MP for Scarborough since 1601, had fallen into disgrace after an acrimonious dispute with Thomas Posthumous Hoby led to a fine from Star Chamber.
While his nephew was a notorious recusant, Francis Eure was a committed Protestant, which was reflected in the causes he championed during his decade of Parliamentary service.
Among the bills he favored were acts to bar recusants from serving in Parliament, to punish simony and scandalous ministers, to discourage vexatious suits against clergymen, and enforce observation of the Sabbath.
His brother attempted to have him appointed to the parliamentary seat of Richard Benson, the recently deceased MP for Ludlow, despite Francis already holding a seat, but the scheme failed.
Because of his local ties, he was expected to transfer to South Wales, but did not; this brought a complaint and call for his removal from a Catholic barrister.
Rosana Pinheiro-Machado is a Brazilian anthropologist, currently a lecturer in the Department of Social & Policy Sciences at the University of Bath.
Pinheiro-Machado earned a BA in social sciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in 2002, a discipline which she chose with the intention of preparing herself for a political career.
However, during this program she began to instead focus on anthropology and ethnography, and continued studying for a PhD in anthropology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, completing that degree in 2009.
In 2016, she became a visiting professor at the Federal University of Santa Maria, and in 2019 she became a professor there.
The book traces the events in recent Brazilian history that led up to the election of Jair Bolsonaro as President of Brazil, and argues that there are imminent opportunities for the Brazilian left to challenge the right wing government.
He was known to Gardaí though his most serious conviction was for affray near his home, for which he was sentenced to six months imprisonment.
TD Fergus O'Dowd echoed the call for more resources and said that Drogheda Gardaí must be afforded all neccessary resources to tackle recent crime.
Brendan Maguire, brother of Owen, was shot on 26 February 2019 as he walked out of a toyshop in the M1 retail park during broad daylight.
In April 2019 Garda Commissioner Drew Harris announced that the Garda Emergency Response Unit was deployed to Drogheda as part of the plan to deal with the feuding gangs.
Gardaí regarded him as a drug dealer who had supplied one side in the feud and one line of inquiry is that he may have been killed by the same side of the feud that murdered Brannigan.
He had survived a previous murder attempt the previous March and he had been formally warned by Gardaí that his life was in danger.
Human remains found in Coolock and Drumcondra on 13 and 15 January 2020 were confimed by Gardaí to be his by 17 January.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar said on 17 January 2020 that he wanted to set up a task force to tackle crime in Drogheda similar to one set up to tackle crime in North inner city Dublin.
The mayor said that the protest was against gang feuding and crime that had affected the town for the previous two years as well as asking those responsible for the death of Keane Mulready-Woods to reveal the location of where the rest of Keane Mulready-Woods remains were.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin, Labour Party leader Brendan Howlin, Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald and Aontú leader Peadar Tóibín attended.
In the spring of 1965, information about the TOZ-250 was published, in August 1965 it became known about preparations for the production of the first batch of guns of this model at the Tula Arms Plant (the cost of the gun at that time was estimated at 90-100 rubles).
To reduce the weight of the gun, the TOZ-250 receiver was made of light alloy, and its forearm, shoulder stock and trigger guard were made of plastic.
The series follows the relationship between Hitsuji Sera, the series' titular bride, and Itaru Hagumazuka, a boy who wears a bear costume.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
The Badgers are led by sixth-year head coach Paul Chryst and compete as members of the West Division of the Big Ten Conference.
The team finished with four regular season losses, and were invited to the Rose Bowl for the first time since 2012 to play Oregon.
Wisconsin hosted two of its non-conference games; against Appalachian State of the Sun Belt, and against Southern Illinois of the Missouri Valley.
In Big Ten Conference play, Wisconsin will play all members of the West Division, and draws Indiana, Michigan, and Maryland from the East Division.
Our Lady of Vendôme (), also known in Brazil as Our Lady of Porto or Our Lady of Porto of the Eternal Salvation, is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, of particular historical veneration in the city of Porto, Portugal, of which she is the patron saint.
Around the year 990, nobleman Munio Viegas led an army of knights from Gascony that had disembarked on the mouth of the Douro River to fight the Moors that at the time ruled Porto.
Munio Viegas and the Gascons are credited with having rebuilt the city walls: the image of Our Lady of Vendôme was placed over one of its main gates, which was christened the Door of Vendôme ().
The Door of Vendôme (which location shifted to the city centre as Porto grew through the centuries) was demolished in 1855.
He was son of Robert Harington, 3rd Baron Harington, whose title he inherited in 1418 after the death of his older brother, John Harington, 4th Baron Harington.
He died without surviving sons, and so his title passed to the son of his daughter, William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington.
The 1958 Bathurst 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 7 April 1958.
Together with her supervisor Nicolai Fechin Sapozhnikova travelled to Paris, where in 1910-1912 she studied in the studios of Antonio DeVity and Kees van Dongen.
After returning to Kazan, Sapozhnikova opened her own studio and supported Fechin with providing him with the financial support – she owned 11 of his works, including five portraits of hers.
Nadezhda Mikhailovna Sapozhnikova was born in Kazan on March 26, 1877, and was a seventh child in the merchant family of Mikhail and Serafima Sapozhnikova.
At that time, Sapozhnikova expressed her aesthetic aspirations through wood-crafting and porcelain painting; her teacher advised Nadezhda to do art professionally.
Before that, Sapozhnikova received medical education and became a Sister of Mercy, but was too sensitive to work in a hospital.
Fechin was Sapozhnikova's professor, but because she was older than him for four years and had a higher level of cultural and common education than other students, they soon started to communicate on equal terms.
In 1910 Nadezhda Sapozhnikova graduated from the Kazan Art School and together with Fechin went on a trip, visiting Berlin, Munich, Verona, Venice, Milan, Padua, Florence, Rome, Naples, Vienna.
There were rumors about her close relationship with Fechin since Sapozhnikova never got married and did not have any family or children.
After the revolution of 1917, Sapozhnikova opened in Kazan a free handicraft school for girls, in 1919-1924 she taught painting at the rabfak of the Kazan Federal University.
At the same time, she worked in the Kazan Art School, and took a lead of the Fichin's studio after he emigrated to the USA.
According to the memories of her niece Vera Adoratskaya, at late autumn of 1942, a goat ran away from one of Sapozhnikova' neighbours.
She left her house to look for it, and after got a strong caught from which she could not recover from.
Generally, it is hard to judge Sapozhnikova's style since few of her works have been preserved, and, apparently, neither she or her entourage considered her as a serious painter.
Over that time, the number of women who experience this disease has been the same, but also there has been a slight reduction in the number of maternal death from the condition.
The MMR has declined from 167 in 2011-2013 to 130 in 2014-2016 and to 122 in 2015-17, registering a 6.15% reduction since the last survey figures of 2014-2016.
A regional program in Andhra Pradesh seeks to ask doctors and nurses about the causes of maternal mortality in local communities.
The general circumstance is that maternal mortality has different causes in different places, but if clinics knew the common causes for that area, then they would be better prepared to prevent future deaths.
Those are delay in deciding to go to the clinic, delay in actually arriving at the clinic, and delay in getting care at the clinic.
In interviews, mothers reported that when they did not use healthcare services, their reasons included lack of access to transport to the clinic, the cost of care, and low value in a clinic visit.
Surveys have found that women in UP who are more educated and have more money tend to use more maternal health services.
Before 2017 the government focus on maternal mortality was learning about the causes of death to develop a plan for prevention.
In 2017 the Indian government shifted focus in its programs to instead detect risks then offer healthcare to prevent the death.
A 2016 national survey expected to find that if a household loses a woman to maternal death, then other women in the household will seek more clinic services during pregnancy and after childbirth.
Contrary to expectation, the study instead found that after a maternal death, women instead avoid hospitals and instead seek support from a traditional birth attendant.
Reasons for this vary, but part of the explanation is that many of these women could go to the hospital for care but choose to avoid doing so.
Social factors which influence maternal mortality in India are income inequality in India; level of access to Prenatal care and care in the postpartum period; level of woman's education; the position of the mother's community in the regional rural-urban divide; the mother's access to nutrition during pregnancy; the degree of local sanitation; and the caste position of the mother.
The same health monitoring systems which track maternal mortality could also ask women to report other problems, such as lack of good treatment from hospital staff.Healthcare in India measures and reports maternal mortality.
Government have also taken initiatives on improving the infrastructure of the country by improving roads and providing free ambulance services at PHC.
Maternal mortality is challenging to study because it is fairly uncommon, it can happen for various reasons, and it is challenging to report.
One study is the Global Burden of Disease Study, which in 2015 for the first time published a national report about India.
For the earlier 2013 versions of these two studies, researchers noted that they used different data and analysis to come to different conclusions about changes over time of maternal mortality in India.
In 2017 a report found no significant impact following a large study of 160,000 pregnant women who participated in a one-week educational program to improve maternal health and childbirth outcomes.
Ellen Shub (January 1, 1946 - December 18, 2019) was an American photojournalist focusing on human rights and social justice issues.
She studied at University of Rochester, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, and Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts.
Shub worked as a media producer in television programming in the Boston area before becoming a full time freelance photojournalist in the 1980s.
At gallery showings, she would juxtapose images of famous people with lesser-known or unknown activists, giving each subject an equal importance or weight.
Shub worked as a grants administrator and photographer for the Institute of Coaching at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts during the last decade of her life.
Tsironis was himself a student at Montgomery County, having graduated from Watkins Mill High School and obtained a degree from the University of Maryland.
The pencil prediction system has been widely criticized by other competitors in the industry due to its lack of flexibility and arbitrary wording.
Furthermore, many statisticians have noted that some of the percentages (especially 4 pencils) don’t necessarily add up to 100%, contradicting the laws of nature and logic.
Tsironis responded to these claims on his podcast by arguing that these other forecasters should not be allowed to exist (see Intellectual property claims and legality).
He believes that MCPS school closings/delay predictions should be considered his intellectual property due to the amount of time he has spent doing it.
In the same podcast, Tsironis not only targets blatant plagiarizers of his service, but also slanders genuine snow prediction alternatives through false and misleading claims.
Based on typical advertiser pay rates, it has been estimated that MoCoSnow earns over ten thousand dollars in advertising revenue each year from his website alone.
In order to maintain this source of profit, MoCoSnow has attempted to monopolize Montgomery County, Maryland snow predictions (see Intellectual property claims and legality) and has often refused to provide his predictions through any other medium.
One such student later recalled that Tsironis spent all of the first week of class advertising MoCoSnow, prompting that student to switch teachers.
The MoCoShow was a radio podcast show that was formulated as part of Tsironis's scheme to expand the influence of MoCoSnow.
In this scheme, Tsironis attempted to sell waffles at the Washingtonian Center in Gaithersburg, Maryland to attract customers to MoCoShow and MoCoSnow.
Perumaan (English: Shiva) is a 2012 Tamil language suspense thriller film starring newcomers Arjun Das and Sruti in the lead roles while the producer Sriram Vedam plays a negative role.
Abdul Latif Khan is a Bangladeshi politician affiliated with the Bangladesh Awami League who served the Undivided Khulna-4 (present Bagerhat-4) district as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1979 to 1982.
The Canadian Premier League Golden Boot has been awarded since the inaugural 2019 season to the Canadian Premier League's leading scorer.
Ananda Nagar is a village in the Joypur CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (Sri Sri Anandamurti), founder of the Ananda Marga, set up Ananda Nagar as headquarters of Ananda Marg Gurukul, with the objective of developing a university and a township.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, history, geography, and general courses in arts and science.
It has separate hostel for boys and girls.Over the years the college has provided higher education to students from poor families living in 60 villages around Ananda Nagar.
Prior to European settlement the Millers Point area was part of the wider Cadigal territory, in which the clan fished, hunted and gathered shellfish from the nearby mudflats.
Shellfish residue was deposited in middens, in the area known to the early Europeans as Cockle Bay; the middens were later utilised by the Europeans in lime kilns for building purposes.
In the years following European colonisation of the eastern coast of Australia, the Cadigal population, as among the wider Indigenous community, was devastated by the introduction of diseases such as smallpox.
Remnants of the original Port Jackson clans eventually banded together for survival purposes, but the population continued to decline, exacerbated by alienation from their land and food sources, and by acts of aggression and retaliation, caused partly through cultural misunderstanding and partly through eighteenth-century European mindsets and perceptions about the colonisation process.
The first settlers at Sydney Cove in 1788 were hampered from thorough exploration of the Millers Point area by reasons of topography: to reach this western ridged area involved either trekking around the foreshore via Dawes Point, or by scaling the steep and rocky inclines of The Rocks.
Priority was given to establishing the colony's first structures, and the settlers' interests were initially geared more towards temporary housing and a ready supply of fresh water (via the Tank Stream) than in conquering challenging topography.
In July 1788 the high ground to the west of Sydney Cove saw the erection of a flagstaff, giving rise to its early name of Flagstaff Hill, later Observatory Hill.
The earliest buildings in the Millers Point area were intended to serve specific purposes, either for strategic military or agricultural needs.
The first government windmill was built on the site in February 1797, supplying the origin of the third name of Windmill Hill.
For military purposes, Governor King authorised the construction of Fort Phillip in 1804, a short-lived structure with hexagonal foundations that were eventually re-used in 1858 for the footprint of the extant Observatory.
In 1815, a military hospital designed by Lieutenant John Watts was constructed in close proximity to Flagstaff Hill and Fort Phillip.
Catering for both military and scientific demands was the Point Maskelyne observatory, built by William Dawes at the end of the point: immediately adjacent to his beloved observatory was the Dawes Battery, initially set up in 1788 and upgraded in 1791 whilst under Dawes' administration.
Quarrying was an established industry by the mid 1820s, and this process of systematically altering the landscape continued as a pattern throughout the century, ultimately shaping the emerging village and directing the development of the local streetscape and housing pattern.
A second local industry was lime production, used in building construction and carried out just below Fort Phillip using shells acquired from local aboriginal middens.
The location of Millers Point, with its relationship to the waterfront, was ideally suited for shipping purposes, and merchants tapped in to its potential by erecting private jetties, wharves and storage for goods.
The village of Millers Point became a definitive one in the early 1830s, as maritime and other related enterprises began to radiate outwards from Sydney Cove, bringing with it residential and commercial facilities.
The incorporation of such commercial and mercantilist elements was both indicative of, and contributory to the public perception and nature of Millers Point, with a roll-on effect throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
From this period Millers Point became irrevocably associated with maritime industries and activities, with merchants, sailors and craftsmen putting a distinctive stamp on the area.
The success of such mercantilist ventures and associated industries became evident in both commercial and residential architecture, constructed for merchants such as Robert Towns and Robert Campbell.
The close association with shipping and related patterns of activity and industry was derived from the labourers' need to be at hand upon arrival of vessels.
Valuable goods such as wool had to be loaded and unloaded at a rapid rate of turnover, with labourers required to be on call and, as such, in the nearby vicinity to respond to erratic shipping arrivals and departures.
An important outcome of this trade activity was the generation of a community that was overwhelmingly mobile, maintaining relatively loose family networks and containing a high transient population.
These key characteristics of Millers Point distinguished it from other areas, and its unusual composition was reflected by the high level of rental housing, which in most other suburbs was an indicator of poverty and unskilled workforces.
In this instance, however, the rental rates were generated by the need for flexibility and seasonal job availability on the part of workers.
Despite high mobility on the part of the population, Millers Point was able to act as a self-contained village from the 1840s; this characteristic was enhanced by its continuing topographical isolation from the town of Sydney.
The Catholic St Brigid's Church and school in Kent Street was completed in 1835, with the foundation stone of the Anglican Holy Trinity, or Garrison Church, laid in 1840 at the corner of Argyle and Lower Fort Streets.
The latter became particularly associated with the Dawes Battery military garrison but also served as a base for school and moral education and a forum for community gatherings in accordance with the accepted role of churches in the colony.
Other centres equally if not more popular for social gatherings were the host of hotels and licensed premises that catered for a range of clientele.
Some, such as the Lord Nelson Hotel and the Hero of Waterloo Hotel, became local institutions and remained active in the community to the present day.
A myriad of hotels, often sporting similar or frequently-changing names, provided local colour and an insight into current affairs and fads but inevitably adding to the confusion.
Many of these early hotel buildings are extant, such as the Whalers Arms (former Young Princess), on Lower Fort and Windmill Streets, and such structures stand as testimony to the fact that by the mid-century the Millers Point hotels were an integral part of both the social and economic roles of the area.
The sense of segregation and self-sufficiency began to be eroded through proposals to incorporate Millers Point with the rest of Sydney.
To that point, rough steps had originally been cut into the rock, to allow passage between the Rocks and Millers Point.
The Argyle Cut project commenced in 1843 using convict labour initially, and was completed through the resources of the newly formed Sydney City Council from about 1845.
The sandstone itself was used in the construction of local buildings, as was the case with the Hero of Waterloo Hotel.
Certainly by the mid-point of the nineteenth century a gradual overlaying of cultural features had evolved into a flourishing and distinct community, with various church denominations, a wide range of commercial and social services, and in 1850, the Fort Street Model School was opened, having been the original military hospital constructed in 1815 and renovated to architect Mortimer Lewis' design in 1849.
This clearly earmarked Millers Point as a prosperous area, and presaged the modern practice of adapting old buildings in the area to accommodate new uses.
Local prosperity was briefly thrown into a trough following the allure of the Californian gold fields, with employers hard-pressed to find enough experienced workers at the right price.
Indeed, the pace of the Millers Point community accelerated rapidly in the 1850s to accommodate the frenzy generated by the discovery of gold at Bathurst and the consequent flood of immigrants into New South Wales.
By the 1860s the earlier mix of worker and merchant/gentry housing began to be overtaken by commercial needs and by the creation of new residential streetscapes such as Argyle Place and Kent Street, with a distinct change in the size of residential buildings and an increasing use of materials such as slate.
The mercantilist face of Millers Point also changed, with the construction and extension of larger jetties and warehouses for imported goods as well as staples such as wool, coal and flour.
Gradually this period of upgrading saw the small scale industries and structures superseded by the encroaching larger-scale warehouses, responding to the demand created by larger vessels.
A corresponding shift in the population showed that the artisans and merchant gentry were moving elsewhere, and that Millers Point was overwhelmingly oriented towards booming export industries, with a workforce and resident population of unskilled and semi-skilled labourers catering for specific tasks.
As an integrated port town developed between the 1810s and the 1930s and little changed since then, it is remarkable for its completeness and intactness.
Its components include deep-sea wharves and associated infrastructure, bond and free stores, roadways and accessways, public housing built for port workers, former private merchant housing, hotels and shops, schools, churches, post office and community facilities.
All individual heritage listings for Millers Point are an integral part of the whole precinct and are of the same level of State significance as the precinct.
The area is generally in New South Wale Government ownership and most individual items are identified in the internal heritage regiisters of owning authorities (mainly Department of Housing).
All properties sold to private ownership are protected by State Heritage Register listings; however, recent practice has been to retain state ownership and sell leasehold only.
The Millers Point Conservation Area as defined in the City of Sydney Local Environment Plan 1992 does not include the Walsh Bay precinct which is covered by a Regional Environmental Plan.
The Millers Point Conservation Area was endorsed as an item of state and national significance by the Heritage Council on 15 December 1988.
As at 29 October 2001, Millers Point Conservation Area is an intact residential and maritime precinct of outstanding state and national significance.
It contains buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830s and is an important example of nineteenth and early twentieth century adaptation of the landscape.
Millers Point Conservation Area was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
It demonstrates a complex layering of activities and events, ranging from early colonial merchant and official enterprise to twentieth century corporate port town and setting for social planning.
Its demonstrative capacity is heightened by the completeness and originality of its fabric which represents particularly strongly every decade between 1820 and 1930 and by the experiences and memory of its long term community.
Its public housing and its development into a Government corporate town were probably the first such developments in Australia (apart from first settlement) and may be of international significance.
It features virtually intact residential areas, port and stevedoring works created by the Sydney Harbour Trust, 1900 1930, in response to the Sydney plague and the requirements of maritime trade at that time.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
It demonstrates technical and creative excellence of the period 1820 1930, including wharfage, warehousing, civic facilities and landscaping, the observatory, hotels, public housing and its support facilities, colonial housing and the Garrison Church buildings.
It documents the workings of a technologically advanced early twentieth century shipping port, developed specifically to accommodate new mechanised transportation technology (engine driven vessels and motor lorries), and strongly retains and demonstrates the physical character of a port.
It demonstrates characteristic dramatic harbourside topography, human modified and utilised in strata for relevant functions (Observatory, fortifications, elevated housing for the colonial gentry, multi level warehousing/wharfage and deepwater berthing).
It is unified as an area in materials, form and scale and is clearly defined by the Harbour Bridge and Bradfield Highway, Walsh Bay and Darling Harbour.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
It demonstrates, with relatively minor change to its physical character and the social composition of its population, the life of inner Sydney in the early twentieth century.
Following its resumption in 1900 it became the setting for a pioneer programme of public housing and social improvement, demonstrated by development of a company port town by the Sydney Harbour Trust.
It retains largely working evidence of early social improvement through education (Lance Kindergarten, St. Brigid's school and the Fort Street schools).
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Its long term residents provide a rich resource of oral evidence contributing to an understanding of the history of the place and the Sydney waterfront.
Its layered fabric, both in terms of structures and archaeology, has had relatively little disturbance since intervention by the Sydney Harbour Trust and has the potential to provide valuable evidence about the place and its community.
Its unity, authenticity of fabric and community, and complexity of significant activities and events make it probably the rarest and most significant historic urban place in Australia.
Its Walsh Bay wharves and associated port structures are unique in Australia and, when associated with the whole port-town, may be of international significance.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
Olszeski Town (previously also known as Mount Pleasant) is an unincorporated community in Mount Pleasant Township, Jefferson County, Ohio, United States.
The Me Too movement (Urdu #MainBhi ) in Pakistan is modeled after the international Me Too movement and began in late 2018 in Pakistani society.
It has been used as a springboard to stimulate a more inclusive, organic movement, nuanced of local settings, and has aimed to reach all sectors, including the lowest rungs of society.
After the death of 7-year-old Zainab Ansari in January 2018, who was raped and killed, there were a wave of declarations on Pakistan social media in the #MeToo style.
According to Pakistan's national commissioner for children and founder of help line for women, Zia Ahmed Awan, 93% of Pakistan women experience some form of sexual violence in public places in their lifetime.
Most sexual harassment cases in Pakistan go unreported because those who do come forward are abused and their character and morality are judged.
#MeToo or not, in Pakistan, the victim rather than the offender is shamed and blamed, which often results in suffering in silence.
The cost of defending oneself against defamation prevents many women from filing cases and can result in jail time or fines.
In Pakistan when the #MeToo movement began, many issues relating to sexual harassment, misconduct, and violence against Pakistani women surfaced, generating identification and discussion on the range of behaviors and roles of many alleged offenders across the media, film industry, stage, and political realm, including Pakistan's Prime Minister.
In addition, clergy charity and social welfare institutions, the judiciary, and Pakistani security establishments such as the police and military came under the spotlight.
The high percentage of occurrence without adequate means for redress often leads to women's silence because they are unable to take legal action.
Already facing a lack of safety and pay gap at work, women face the constant fear of losing their jobs if they choose to speak about harassment at work.
Failure to adequately describe a workplace leads to low attention to some of the most vulnerable working women, like the over 125,000 women health care workers who provide vaccinations and family planning services for the poorest neighborhoods in Pakistan.
Christian sanitation workers, who often have inadequate training and safety equipment, often also face religious discrimination, as do peasant women in Punjab pressing for land rights against military forces.
Though there is an ombudsperson to ensure working with women at the Lahore High Court, petitions have been dismissed on technicalities.
According to Qurrat Mirza, decriminalization of defamation and legislation which protects minority women from forced religious conversion and forced marriages need to be taken up.
Though ratifying the international Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the ratifying committee proposed a reservation which was worded vaguely calling on states to take appropriate measures to abolish discrimination against women which were in-line with the provisions of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
The reservation gave the appearance of complying with international law, while minimizing the restrictions of Islamic law which compromise and override provisions in CEDAW for equity for Pakistani women, and foster the continuation of discrimination against Pakistani women.
According to a study carried out in 2009 by Human Rights Watch, it is estimated that between 20 and 30 percent of women in Pakistan have suffered some form of abuse.
In a study of child sexual abuse in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, out of a sample of 300 children, 17% claimed to have been abused and in 1997 one child a day was reported as raped, gang raped or kidnapped for sexual gratification.
As the female body is often attached to both personal and family honor in Pakistan, violence against women is used to inflict punishment or seek revenge.
Police and agents of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) do not take reports seriously, often failing to file reports or sending victims to various jurisdictions.
ends up favoring perpetrators by allowing victims to be intimidated, abusers to be indirectly identified, and defamation cases to be filed without allowing for the resolution of the case, which is often protracted.
Nighat Dad heads the Digital Rights Foundation, which created 'Ab Aur Nahin' (Translation:Now, No more), a legal support framework for sexual harassment victims.
The platform provides working women and students with networks of counselors and pro-bono lawyers to assist them in fighting legal retaliation and misconduct.
After the death of 7-year-old Zainab Ansari, who was raped and killed in January 2018, a wave of declarations began on Pakistan social media in the #MeToo style.
New legislation in 2017, established that the punishment for sexual assault against a minor in Pakistan would result in 14 to 20 years in prison and a minimum fine of 1 million rupees.
Former model Frieha Altaf and designer Maheem Khan shared stories of sexual abuse, and challenged Pakistan to be more proactive at stopping children from getting raped.
Using hashtags like #BoycottAliZafar, #BoycottTeefainTrouble, and #TeefaisTrouble, a wave of activists built momentum on social media before the movie's premiere and subsequent screenings.
A few major Pakistani media outlets ignored the demonstrations but others began covering stories when protestors turned up at cinemas and police and other law enforcement agencies got involved.
Zafar avoided his grand entrance at the film's Karachi premiere and took a detour through the basement at Nueplex Cinemas in DHA, Karachi, to dodge the demonstrators gathered at the venue's main entrance.
Protestors showed up again at Lahore's CineStar to voice their anger and disappointment at both the promotion of the film of an alleged harasser and the celebrities pouring in to support him.
At yet another screening of the film at Nueplex Cinemas at Rashid Minhas Road, Karachi, protestors were allegedly held in the basement and beaten by the cinema's private security, with various media reports confirming the incident.
The demonstrators' phones were also confiscated and the cinema's security allegedly tried to plant incriminating evidence in one of the protestors' bags in order to make their case appear stronger to police.
In 2014, a 17-year-old woman cricketer named Halima Rafiq, alleged that officials of the Multan Cricket Club traded sexual favors for spots on the state team.
When the Pakistan Cricket Board conducted an inquiry and then exonerated officials, instead banning five female players for six months, an official sued Rafiq.
In an allegedly false case of sexual misconduct claimed by a student against lecturer, Muhammad Afzal, of MAO College, an inquiry declared Afzal innocent, but the college management refused to provide him with a clearance certificate.
When his wife left him, Afzal committed suicide citing extreme stress in his suicide note and writing that he would leave the issue in the court of Allah.
The case began to be used to condone ignoring the growing number of sexual harassment cases and culture of violence in the country.
He tweeted saying, what the victims of misconduct say and how they say or hide is all true…So one wrongful suicide doesn’t mean all other women victims are fake or liars.
He has no doubts that 99.99% victims of sexual misconduct always tell the truth and that he feels upset that vested interests were attacking the #MeToo movement and victims.
Still others, like Pervez Musharraf, former Army Chief and President of Pakistan, have characterized victims as opportunists who used allegations of rape to secure visas and citizenship abroad.
Movie director Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar exemplified the trivialization that the movement receives with his remarks that the #MeToo movement was about women wanting the right to assault men.
After 2019's International Women's Day march, called Aurat March, attended by thousands of women across Pakistan, politician and television host, Aamir Liaquat Hussain called for an investigation to determine where women got the money for their demonstrations, suggesting that there were outside influences funding the events.
Islamic feminists also complained that the protestors were secular and that their values were too western to represent women who held to Islamic cultrual values.
Journalist Rafia Zakaria noted that Pakistan's #MeToo movement is an urban and class-based movement, as only 37% of the country is aware of the internet.
Many elite feminists remain silent or try to minimize the problems closing ranks to protect those in their own social class.
This manifests in several ways, for example, when a woman from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region who videoed threats by army personnel and claimed they made sexual overtures to her, she was ignored because no one was interested in battling with the powerful military.
In another case, when politician Ayesha Gulalai Wazir accused Prime Minister Imran Khan of inappropriate texts, she was accused by her party and the media of being a political opportunist.
Shireen Mazari, Federal Minister for Human Rights, dismissed Gulalai's allegations, in spite of the fact that Mazari's daughter had previously left the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party after experiencing harassment.
In her daughter's case, Mazari resigned from the party for a year, but then rejoined and was appointed to the ministry.
Though there is growing participation of feminists in Pakistani social media, which has increased global discussion of feminism and its context in Pakistan, low awareness of the Internet has prevented involvement by those with limited income, low education levels, or who live in rural environments.
To bridge the gap, in 2018 the Women's Democratic Front (WDF) was created to promote outreach on social media to working-class and rural women.
On the other hand, though social media and the internet have allowed women to speak, the platforms have also increased the amount of bullying and harassment they face on line.
Fake profiles created to victimize women, blackmail, and abusive comments, have escalated psychological problems such as depression and low self-esteem for victims.
FIA's inadequate responses and lack of access to regional offices for rural women, serve as barriers to the pursuit of legal action.
In part because patriarchy is deeply entrenched in the socio-political and cultural identity of Pakistan, and in part because of the stratified feminist movement which is divided by class, self-interest and status.
Though reform has been slow to come, the movement has given momentum to reform of the existing sexual misconduct laws, launch new initiatives, and has heightened awareness of the legal challenges faced by victims.
Saba Karim Khan, an associate instructor in the division of social sciences at New York University in Abu Dhabi, advocates introducing sex education programs in schools and training both sexes about consent and what constitutes harassment in language that they understand rather than legal terms.
Students at Cedar College in Karachi, frustrated by the slow response of administrators to harassment at their school, contacted activists and lawyers to help them draft a policy for sexual harassment for the school.
School officials were receptive and brought in other members to the team, which in 2018 resulted in a broad policy covering sexual harassment and misconduct, as well as intimidation, like bullying or cyber-stalking.
The #MeToo movement sparked analysis by the Pakistani legal fraternity, who wrote media articles about the various laws governing sexual misconduct and their limitations.
When pressed by activist, Asma Jahangir, the Supreme Court of Pakistan directed federal and provincial legislatures to simplify the processes and strengthen protections in the existing codes dealing with sexual misconduct.
In private initiatives, like the one launched at Cedar College with the help of members of the Girls at Dhabas and the Women's Action Forum, the policy developed for one school, has become a model policy for other educational institutions across Pakistan.
Frank Williams Durkee (October 5, 1861 – May 21, 1939) was an American football player and coach and a college faculty member.
Mount Turner, also known as Boundary Peak 162, is an 8,661+ foot (2,640+ meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, on the Canada-US Border between southeast Alaska and British Columbia.
The peak is situated on the shared boundary of Glacier Bay National Park with Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park, west of Tarr Inlet, and southwest of Mount Forde, which is the nearest peak.
This climate supports small hanging glaciers on its slopes as well as the larger Margerie Glacier to the south and Ferris Glacier to the north.
He served as the head football coach at Bemidji State Teachers College in Bemidji, Minnesota from 1938 to 1954, compiling a record of 54–54–5.
Richard J. Simmonds (born 2 August 1944) is an English politician who was a Member of the European Parliament for the British consituency for Midlands West and later Wight and Hampshire East from 1979 until 1989.
During his first term, he joined the Committee on Development and Cooperation on 20 July of the same year, and at the time the Parliament adjourned, was serving on the Committees on Youth, Culture, Education, Information and Sport and on Agriculture until the Parliament adjourned on 23 July 1984.
He served as a member of both the Committees on Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and on Budgetary Control; and also participated in diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
He served as a member of the committees on Budgets; on External Economic Relations; on Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development; and on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection; and participated in diplomatic relations with South America.
During the vote on the 1995 enlargement of the European Union, Simmonds took a plane to Strasbourg to join the other Conservative MEPs in their vote.
Ida is a savvy Seattle teen with a problem: Every time she gets emotional, especially romantically, she loses her voice or faints.
Ida's mother is consumed by alcoholism, and her father by his affair with Mrs. K., the wife of a man who propositioned her when she was 14.
The most daring of these attacks involves a secret recording of a conversation between Siggy and a mysterious man, intended to be made into an art film.
But while Ida finds her father having a heart attack at a nearby hospital, some raw footage of her film goes viral, with unexpected consequences, as things quickly get out of control.
Bauer lost her voice and had coughing fits, perhaps the result of trauma, resulting from ongoing sexual abuse or attempted sexual abuse, which she reported to her parents who didn't believe her.
The man she accused, Herr K, was a close friend of the Bauer family, and according to Ida, her father was carrying on an affair with his wife.
Freud initially gained Bauer's confidence by apparently accepting her story, but when he insisted she accept her own implication in the complex interfamily drama, and admit to an attraction to the man who assaulted her, he alienated his patient, who abruptly finished the treatment after 11 weeks, producing, Freud reported bitterly, a therapeutic failure.
These advanced tastes age Ida out of her demographic, but they also reveal the true purpose of her character: Ida is less a teenager than a radical everywoman whose outrageous antics expose the fault lines in the dominant culture.
He was previously a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, where he served as a biology instructor and head football coach.
William Bandara Makuloluwa (), (17 February 1922 – 8 September 1984), popularly as W. B. Makuloluwa, was a musicologist, dancer, author and a director in Sri Lankan theater and cinema.
He completed primary education from Idamegama Primary College and later entered Sri Rahula College, Kandy and Ananda College, Colombo for secondary education.
While serving at Sri Palee College, Horana, he made a great contribution to music and produced famous students including Lionel Ranwala and W.D.
The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment Band was a military band of the British Army that served as the regimental band of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire) from 1959 to 1994.
During its existence, the regimental band maintained a corps of drums alongside its band that took part in many different ceremonies on behalf of the regiment.
The band was founded in 1959 from a amgulation from the Royal Berkshire Regiment Band and Drums and the Wiltshire Regiment Band.
In August 1979, members of the regimental band were hurt in the 1979 Brussels bombing on the Grand Place, carried out by volunteers belonging to the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
Fatalities were avoided as only some of the band's 30 members arrived (the rest were stuck in city traffic) and the band members that were there were dressing away from the stage.
In October 1984, the regiment was given the duty of guard mounting at Buckingham Palace, as well as the Tower of London and St. James's Palace.
The band under Major Lake, supported by a company of 150 soldiers, performed during the execution of public duties in the capital.
While the band was in Asia, it performed at ceremonies in neighbouring countries and territories of the Crown, including Hong Kong and Japan.
While the 1 DERR was deployed to Joint Base Lewis–McChord in the United States in the spring of 1992, the band carried out a series of engagements in the region that culminated in a joint concert with the I Corps Band at the Washington State Capitol in Olympia.
He has served for 22 years as a partner and lawyer at the Jones Fussell Law Firm in Covington, litigating cases in both state and federal courts.
On June 26, 2019, Crain announced his intention to run for a seat on the Louisiana Supreme Court vacated by Greg G. Guidry.
Shamsher Singh Surjewala (24 March 1932 – 20 January 2020) was an Indian lawyer and politician from Haryana belonging to Indian National Congress.
He also served as the president of the Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee, minister of the Government of Haryana and the leader of the opposition in the Haryana Legislative Assembly.
He was expelled from Yadavindra State High School by the ruler of Sangrur as he espoused the agenda of Indian National Congress.
He was elected as the managing director of the Central Bank of Sangrur and chairman of the panchayat samiti of Kalayat in Kaithal.
Surjewala died on 20 January 2020 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, New Delhi at the age of 87.
The Global TV Demand Awards is an American award that recognizes the most popular TV shows in the world.The entertainment industry's only data-backed award show, winning titles are selected by audience demand from 100+ countries in all languages.
It begins between two high ranges of the Verkhoyansk Range, running approximately from north to south to the west of the Khunkhadin Range.
Then it turns northeast at the feet of the northwestern side of the Nelgesin Range, flowing through a narrow valley before it joins the Adycha further downstream from the mouth of the Derbeke and the Charky.
Colonel of the Madagascar People’s Armed Forces, he was Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar from 13 January 1976 to his death, under the presidency of Admiral Didier Ratsiraka.
He died in the accident of a Aérospatiale Alouette III transport helicopter during a short flight with the chief of staff Alphonse Rakotonirainy on 30 July 1976, the last month of the presence of the French Armed Forces in Madagascar.
The maximum seven-seat transport helicopter, with more than 40 kilograms of luggage, took off from Antananarivo on 30 July 1976 for several successive flights.
The crash was caused either by sabotage or mechanical failure, in view of the ASN database on the safety of Aérospatiale Alouette III.
Also known as the Pro Cathedral of the Annunciation and The Little White Church, the wood and corrugated iron structure was opened in 1903, and has been continually used as a church.
In the early 1900s, the rise of Broome's pearling industry started an economic boom, and as a result an Anglican church was needed to serve the town.
The community began organising and fundraising in 1902, and decided on the name, Church of the Annunciation, at a special general meeting of the parishioners of the newly-constituted parochial district of Broome.
More than £300 was raised in three months, and by December tenders had been accepted to build the church, with building materials sourced from Fremantle.
The church opened the next year on Easter Day, 12 April 1903, and was consecrated on 12 June by Bishop Riley.
In 1965, with Broome's population decreasing, the diocese moved its headquarters to Geraldton, with the church assigned to the Derby parish.
French doors were replaced with hopper windows in 1973; the walls, roof and ceiling were repaired in 1976; likewise the belfry in 1985; and further work on the ceiling and floors in 1990.
The latest repairs in 2019 involved replacing termite-damaged exterior panels, relocating the bell tower, and heritage restorations, including painting the building its original white colour, from which it derived the colloquial name The Little White Church.
The church was given a permanent entry on the Register of the National Estate on 18 April 1989, listed on the State Register of Heritage Places on 2 September 1997, and added to the Shire of Broome Municipal Inventory on 28 August 2014.
It was cast in 1902 by John Taylor and Company, well-known founders in Loughborough, England, who also cast the Great Paul bell for St Paul's Cathedral in London, the largest bell in Britain from 1881 to 2012.
It arrived in 1902, donated by Siebe Gorman of Siebe Gorman and Co, a successful manufacturer and supplier for the pearl-diving industry.
Consequence of Sound praised the song's use of cheerful pop sounds to mask emotionally heavy lyrics, and made positive comparisons to Future and Of Montreal.
Earl Lee Blair Greene (July 4, 1899 – February 3, 1995) was an American football player and coach, a basketball coach, and a college faculty member.
Greene was named the head football coach Winona State University, then known as Winona State Teachers College, in Winona, Minnesota in 1934.
The Madrasa of Abu al-Hasan, also referred to as the Marinid Madrasa (of Salé), is a medieval madrasa located within the old city of Salé, Morocco.
Beyond the vestibule, one enters sideways into the corner of the central courtyard, which is measures about 8 by 5 meters.
The spaces between the gallery columns and the outer wall of the courtyard are covered by painted wood ceilings carved into geometric star patterns, one part of which has been restored to its approximate original colours.
The room is divided into three spaces by arches on either side of the mihrab and covered by more timber ceilings.
Both the wood and the stucco are carved with calligraphic decoration and with a variable repertoire of geometric, arabesque, and floral/vegetal patterns.
A rectangular marble panel carved with a foundation inscription of the building was originally set into the northwestern wall of the courtyard (opposite the mihrab and the prayer room).
With a special episode filmed on location in Australia, for this episode a local actor Maurice Novoa was cast as the music producer for Agnes’s character Zie.
In this soap opera Agnes Monica plays a high school girl named Zie who has a snobby personality and is quick to anger.
The second in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-2, is chemically known as 4-Diethylamino-o-toluidine 1,4-Benzenediamine, N4,N4-diethyl-2-methyl- or N1,N1-Diethyl-3-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine 4-(Diethylamino)-2-methylaniline.
In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule.
Much service-delivered content is dependent on a session to provide much of the context that the user (client) needs to understand answers to questions.
For example, using current HTTP internet protocols, a codice_1 request to retrieve information identified by a URI, such as a web page, a client (a human or a machine) may have access information supplied automatically to enable that client to bypass paywalls or other content access controls.
Current internet protocols allow for formats, languages and related preferences to be expressed by clients but make no mention of what a client already knows and what they may understand.
This then allows clients to indicate not just formats and languages that they understand (technically that they prefer) but also domains of discourse that that do, which is a step towards comprehensive client context provision.
This notwithstanding, if a service to be a KaaS must deliver knowledge then the mechanics implemented must not exclude that possibility.
This may prevent mechanics that rule out annotations or definitions for packets of data delivered or perhaps data delivered that is not able to be deterministically associated with the question asked since that would destroy result context.
The Utrecht Schism () was a diocesan feud in the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht from 1423 to 1449, during which there was a major conflict over who was the legitimate prince-bishop of Utrecht.
The conflict mixed with the existing Utrecht factionalism between the Lichtenbergers and Lokhorsten (called 'Gunterlingen' until 1413) and with the Hook and Cod wars raging in the County of Holland.
The Concordat of Worms (1122) stipulated that bishops in the Holy Roman Empire, to which the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht belonged, should be elected by the church chapters and no longer appointed by the emperors, as had been customary since the introduction of the Imperial Church System until the Investiture Controversy.
From the 13th century onwards, most chapters lost their right to vote and only the cathedral chapters were still allowed to elect the bishop, but in Utrecht this developed differently: aside from St. Martin's Cathedral, the chapters of the Old Munster Church, St. Peter's Church, and St. Mary's Church retained their voting rights.
In theory, these canons had the freedom to choose whichever candidate-bishop they liked, but in practice they were under the influence (by means of bribery or blackmail, for example) of neighbouring princes, especially the Count of Holland, the Count and later Duke of Guelders and eventually also the rising Duke of Burgundy, to opt for a candidate they had nominated.
As the eventual winner was usually already quite old and also passed away relatively soon again, the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht experienced many more power transfers than the realms surrounding it, where due the principe of hereditary succession a deceased count or duke was usually succeeded by his much younger son.
Moreover, since the 14th century, the Popes had been trying to increasingly overrule the chapters by ignoring their choices, and claiming the exclusive right to appoint all bishops themselves.
The day after his passing, messengers were sent forth to the neighbouring principalities, informing them that the episcopal see of Utrecht had become vacant and a successor was sought.
The same day the five chapters (jointly known as the 'General Chapter') held a meeting to determine the date of the election.
Initially the cathedral chapter could not agree with the other four chapters, but on 16 October the cathedral chapter conceded and settled on 9 November as election day.
Previously the magistrate had adopted an act that stipulated all interested parties should be outside the city during the election in order to reduce any pressure they might exert on the electors.
The ruling Lichtenbergers and Hooks rallied to the camp of Rudolf; he was supported by the six main cities of Utrecht (Utrecht city, Amersfoort, Deventer, Kampen, Zwolle and Groningen city) and the knighthood, thus receiving the majority of the canons' votes.
The Lokhorsten had chosen the party of Zweder van Culemborg, but he and his brother Walraven van Meurs failed to get enough votes.
Pope Martin V was very unsatisfied with the results so he ignored the election of Rudolf and instead set his sights on , the prince-bishop of Speyer, whom he appointed as the bishop of Utrecht on 7 July 1424.
Zweder, who had initially accepted Rudolf's election, exploited this to his advantage by persuading Raban to step down and the pope to appoint him in Raban's place.
Raban agreed and resigned, and after Zweder paid the papal court 4000 ducats, pope Martin appointed him as bishop in 1425.
The States of Oversticht vehemently opposed the appointment of Zweder, and remained loyal to Rudolf, who proceeded to establish himself in Oversticht.
On the other hand, the States of Nedersticht wavered in their opposition against Rome, and on 20 July 1425, they allowed the procurator of Zweder to enter the city, while the General Chapter declared that it would obey the papal letters instructing them to accept Zweder.
Zweder had the towns of Rhenen and Amersfoort occupied, and announced that he intended to have himself sworn in inside the city of Utrecht on 21 August; he convinced the magistrate to cooperate through nice promises.
At that time, the faction of Lichtenbergers, Proysen and Hook noblemen were the leading party in the city; they had sided with Rudolf.
Their political adversaries, the Lokhorsten, had been banished from the capital, and members of the powerful Utrecht guilds rallied to either faction as the crisis escalated.
On the occasion of his inauguration on 21 August 1425, Zweder van Culemborg permitted some banished Lokhorsten to return to the city, as had been agreed with the magistrate in the spirit of reconciliation.
Euphoric about their success, the Lokhorsten decided, probably with Zweder's approval, to settle the scores with the Lichtenbergers by committing a coup d'état.
The mayor of Utrecht, the Lichtenberg-aligned , was murdered by pro-Lokhorst butchers with their knives as he lay ill in bed in his own house.
One year later, in 1426, a number of Lichtenberger noblemen and burghers managed to sneak into the city gates, disguised as monks.
The Lokhorsten, including the butchers, armed and formed up on the town hall square called De Plaats (nowadays De Stadhuisbrug), but were defeated by the Lichtenbergers, who chased them away across the city walls.
Next, Zweder van Culemborg was ousted out of the capital, after which Rudolf van Diepholt came back from Oversticht and set up his court in Utrecht, where the Lichtenbergers and Proysen restored their position as the dominant faction.
In 1428 a ceasefire was agreed, and in 1429 Guelders concluded a separate peace with Rudolf; meanwhile Arnold still had a tough war against Jülich–Berg on his hands and couldn't afford to maintain his intervention.
With Guelders having withdrawn from the conflict, Rudolf had pretty much achieved military victory, although a diplomatic dispute remained for the next 20 years.
For example, it was henceforth prohibited to perform certain Catholic baptism and wedding rituals in the capital, but the inhabitants ignored the papal restrictions.
There was little Zweder could do about the situation; he had retreated Overijssel, and as a meagre consolation, Eugenius appointed him as 'titular' bishop of Caesarea (a destroyed city in the Holy Land which the Crusaders had already abandoned two centuries earlier).
However, the Council of Basel came into conflict with Eugenius and continued recognising Zweder; after the latter's death in 1433, these clerics appointed Zweder's brother Walraven van Meurs as the new bishop.
The conflict between Eugenius and the Council escalated such that in 1439 the latter elected Antipope Felix V, who confirmed their choice for Walraven.
The Utrecht Schism ended around 1449, when Walraven van Meurs abandoned his claim to the episcopal see, and Rudolf van Diepholt was universally accepted as the bishop of Utrecht.
When Walraven's brother, the Münster prince-bishop , died on 2 June 1450, Walraven nominated himself as a candidate, while Rudolf nominated his nephew .
However, an opposing candidate, , could not accept his defeat, and declared war on Walraven, triggering the Münster Diocesan Feud (1450–1457), in which both Walraven and Rudolf would again participate.
But because the Burgundian duke Philip the Good insisted on his bastard son David of Burgundy becoming the prince-bishop of Utrecht, this dispute led to the Utrecht war (1456–1458).
The world's number one grandmaster Chu Wanning did not forget his original intention of joining the world to help the Dao cultivation, sets out on a mission to protect the beings of the world.
He uses his abilities to prevent the heavens from splitting and at the same time, his compassion and love influences his misguided disciple Mo Ran to return to the righteous path he has strayed from.
In the end, the pair of teacher and disciple forgo their lives and work together with the rest of the cultivating heroes to stop the villains' conspiracy and protect the world.
On January 6, 2020, CD HOME STUDIO released a casting call for the series, along with information of the participating staffs.
The series is directed by He Shupei, and the main producers are credited to be Qi Shuai, Ye Fangcang and Wang Yirong.
On January 8, it was revealed that the drama has been filed on record at State Administration of Film Radio and Television (China).
The world view of the drama is designed by Hua Tin, while Timeaxis will be in charge of the visual effects.
At the top of this hill, at 2750 meters above sea level, an Otomí archaeological settlement, consisting of a pyramid dating from 1200 is located here.
The INAH began the recovery of this space, which was in charge of the archaeologist Francisco Rivas in the year 2000 and was named Lomas de Padierna National Park.
Rivas points out that the builders are likely to be tepanecs, a group that lived in the area at the time of the Triple Alliance, formed by Tlacopan, Texcoco and Azcapotzalco.
Every year in Holy Week the neighbors gather for the Christian holidays, since three crosses have been placed on the cusp.
The sacrifice of Christ is celebrated and Saint Barnabas, the patron of the people, which has an area of 383.49 hectares.
The Cerro de Mazatepetl is considered a protected Natural Area, as agreed between the Magdalena Contreras delegation and the Natural Resources Commission.
Peter Mathebula (3 July 1952 – 18 January 2020) was a South African professional boxer who held the WBA flyweight title from 1980 to 1981.
The Gameygal lived on the northern side of Botany Bay, between present day La Perouse and the mouth of the Cooks River.
To the north of the Cooks River between South Head and present day Darling Harbour lived the Cadigal people and the Wangal people lived in an area between the Parramatta River and the Cooks River from Darling Harbour to Rose Bay.
To the south of Botany Bay in the coastal area including Kurnell and Cronulla and the south coastal strip to Nowra lived the Gweagal people.
While there is some argument about the location of land of the Bidiagal clan, there is some evidence that this clan lived in the area between the southern bank of the Cooks River and the northern bank of the Georges River.
Previous reports on the Aboriginal past of the area where the Art site is located have suggested that it was occupied by the Bidiagal.
The potential association of the Bidiagal people with the site should not be discounted as a result of this lack of historical detail as after the collapse of the clan structure due to the smallpox epidemic of 1788 and general impact of European invasion, individuals travelled beyond the pre-1788 traditional boundaries.
While the age of the midden and rock paintings is at present unknown as no archaeological investigation has been conducted, it is accepted that the site was regularly used by the Aboriginal people of the local area as they travelled between sites of ceremonial importance and sources of food and water that changed with the seasons.
It is thought that the warmer months were spent nearer the coast and the cold months of winter were spent further inland.
Throughout Australia traditional Aboriginal people practised art making in the places on their land that they visited in their seasonal travels.
Rock art includes engraving, painting using ochres and charcoals, hand printing and stencilling of hands, feet and objects such a boomerangs, small animals kangaroo paws etc.
It is not known with certainty why traditional Aboriginal people made stencils or other art on particular rock formations although discussion with Aboriginal people has indicated that it is highly likely that the reasons differed from region to region throughout Australia.
Possible motivations for the practise include that it may have been a way of indicating that the group had been in that place and where they had moved on to or that art was made as part of a ritual or ceremony held in that place.
The making of artwork and stencils may have been a way of connecting with ancestral beings, embodied in the natural features of the country including rock outcrops such as the one in Earlwood.
The practise of stencilling may have been the way in which older, initiated members of a group introduced the ancestral being to younger group members.
The initiated members stencilled the forearm and hands on the rock embodying their ancestors and younger members had their only their hands stencilled.
The foot stencils are a rare phenomena and the significance of these cannot be definitely determined although they may indicate direction or were casual occurrences.
While land closer to the town of Sydney was relatively quickly carved up as land grants to settlers in the first years of the European colony, the land on the southern side of the Cooks River was not subject to land granting until 1904.
It was not until 1808 when a number of very large land grants were made over land which traditionally provided Aboriginal people access to the resource rich area of the Georges River, Kurnell Bay and Salt Pan Creek that land became the reason for conflict between the Bidiagal and European settlers.
Tedbury was the son of Pemulway who had led perhaps the best known campaign of resistance in the Sydney Basin including a spear attack on Governor Phillip's game keeper, a man renowned for his hostility to the Aboriginal people of the Sydney area.
In the following years as a result of alienation from their land and its resources and being subject to the devastation of European infectious diseases, the Aboriginal population in the area dramatically reduced.
In 1845 it was reported to the New South Wales Legislative Select Committee that there were only 3 people of the Botany Bay clan and only fifty Aboriginal people were living in the area between the Cooks and Georges River.
During the 19th Century European settlers transformed the land along both banks of the Cooks river as farms were established for grazing and raising a family's food needs, and also for other industries such as tanning, production of sugar, the harvesting of timber, and also the production of lime from the many middens which had been left by the Aboriginal people of the area for thousands of years.
The part of Earlwood in which the Aboriginal Art site is located was bought at auction between 1835 and 1836 by Abraham B. Pollack.
Despite the disturbance of the environment there is abundant evidence of pre-contact Aboriginal occupation of the area including the rock art and midden site.
The rock art site was first recorded by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) in 1974and a later anonymous drawing of the rock art site is dated c.1970.
The Aboriginal Art site at Earlwood comprises a midden in a rock shelter with stencils of hands and feet on the rock walls of the shelter.
The site is situated within the context of a rock outcropping from the sandstone ridgeline which dominates the landscape on the south side of the Cooks River valley at Earlwood.
The art is situated inside the rock shelter, which is open on its north side, looking out over the Cooks River valley.
The site suffers from weed growth, in particular the midden deposit, which has been disturbed (at least at the surface) by the manual removal of weeds.
An informal recording of the site by a former neighbour was conducted prior to this (c.1970), and recorded at least 10 hand stencils within the rock shelter.
The recorder noted that stencils at the south end of the shelter were covered by dust, and were therefore not fully recorded, and that potentially more stencils would be found in that area under the dust.
The 1979 recording also noted that the shell midden was probably about 4 feet deep, was littered with rubbish, but generally undisturbed at that time.
The recording also noted that a former neighbour had collected about 20 stone flakes from the site (prior to NPWS legislation protecting Aboriginal relics).
The Assessment noted the presence of Sydney cockle and whelk shells on the surface elsewhere on the site, but in the context of building debris, and likely to have been moved downhill (by erosion or other disturbance).
As at 11 June 2009, the site has been deteriorating over time due to a lack of protection and poor site management practices.
The visibility of the stencils within the shelter has deteriorated over time (observation based upon comparison with the 1970s recordings and subsequent records of site visits by Council officers).
An Archaeological Assessment of the sitehas indicated that archaeological potential is restricted to the area identified as the curtilage for the site.
Though shell fragments have been observed mid-slope and at the street frontage of the property, these have been stray finds likely resulting from erosion and other disturbance.
whether they were produced within a discrete period of time, or whether they were the product of several phases of painting over a longer period of time.
Expert advice is required to determine whether the effects of weathering can be reversed in order to recover and preserve the stencils.
Anecdotal information indicated that there were other Aboriginal sites on adjoining properties, including engravings on a rock surface at the top of the cliff directly behind the site, but which had been destroyed by development at least by 1979.
As at 6 September 2013, the Aboriginal art site at Earlwood is of State heritage significance as it provides clear and intact evidence of Aboriginal occupation of the area prior to European settlement.
Comprising a rockshelter, midden and stencil work, the site offers a rare and unique insight into the daily life as well as the routine and ceremonial culture of the Bidigal people prior to European contact.
Its significance is strengthened in that it is a rare example of such an intact surviving occupation site in a highly urbanised setting.
The Aboriginal art and midden site at Earlwood is of State significance as both a rare and representative example of painted stencil art including foot stencils, from the Sydney basin, providing a basis for cross comparison with other regional styles across NSW.
The site is exceptionally rare within the local area, being the only one of its kind in the City of Canterbury, and is also rare within the central Sydney region and the State, both for its combination of art and midden deposit, and especially for the presence of rare foot stencils.
The site has the a high potential to reveal archaeological data and thus increase the understanding of the site and similar sites and their integration into traditional Aboriginal life and culture.
The midden deposit may contain artefacts, and evidence relating to diet and subsistence, and the environment of the Cooks River valley prior to European settlement.
A detailed recording of the painted stencils may also have the potential to provide enhanced knowledge about the creation of stencil sites in the Sydney region and provide a basis of comparison with similar sites across NSW.
Earlwood Aboriginal Art Site was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 November 2009 having satisfied the following criteria.
The Aboriginal midden and art site at Earlwood is of State heritage significance as it provides strong evidence of Aboriginal occupation in this region from thousands of years prior to European settlement.
The site is of State heritage significance as it not only provides evidence of an important period in the course of the history of NSW; it provides a unique and rare insight into the daily life and culture of Aboriginal people before European contact.
Discussion with Aboriginal people indicates that traditional Aboriginal people made stencils on particular rock formations for a variety of reasons including as a way of indicating that the group had been in that place and where they had moved on to or that it was done as part of a ritual or ceremony.
The making of artwork and stencils may have been a way of connecting with ancestral beings, embodied in the natural features of the country including rock outcrops such as the one in Earlwood.
The practise of stencilling was the way in which older, initiated members of a group introduced the ancestral being to younger group members.
The initiated members stencilled the forearm and hand on the rock embodying their ancestors and younger members had their only their hands stencilled.
The foot stencils are a rare phenomena and the significance of these cannot be definitely determined although they may indicate direction or were accidental/ casual occurrences.
It is part of the historical legacy of the Aboriginal people of the Sydney basin, and specifically, of the dialect groups (Bidiagal/Gweagal) who inhabited the Cooks and Georges River valleys and the Botany Bay area.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
The Earlwood art site and midden is of heritage significance at State level through its association with the Aboriginal people who lived in the area prior to colonisation and whose numbers in the decades after contact were decimated through the alienation of their land and the impact of disease.
Nevertheless, they were created by individuals, and their handprints and footprints are highly personal relics of the original inhabitants of this land.
These stencils, and the individuals who made them, can be regarded as representatives of their people as a whole, evocatively speaking for the heritage of the Aboriginal people of the Sydney basin, and of the Aboriginal people of New South Wales.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The Earlwood rock shelter decorated with 21 painted hand stencils, 2 hand and forearm stencils and 2 foot stencils in white ochre is of State heritage significance for its aesthetic qualities as a fine and rare example of Aboriginal stencil art in an urbanised setting.
The site is significant not only because of the presence of stencils, but because of the variation (hand, hand and forearm and foot stencils) displayed in the one site.
The aesthetic significance of this site is enhanced due to the inclusion of the local, regional and state wide rarity of foot stencils in Aboriginal art.
The State heritage significance of this site is also derived from its landmark qualities which, although camouflaged in their current urban setting amidst intensive 20th Century housing development are still in place.
Its location made it an important site where the older members of the group could point out and explain the significant landscape features of their country to younger members of the group and signify their presence and activities through the making of art on the walls of the shelter.
One such landscape feature, clearly visible from the site is the island in the Cooks River near the Tempe railway bridge.
This island is part of the Pelican Dreaming story and is the place where the Pelican stepped through the river and left his footprint.
It is one of very few surviving intact Aboriginal art sites in highly urbanised areas in the State which were integral to the life and custom of traditional Aboriginal people.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The subject site is likely to be of State Heritage Significance to the Aboriginal groups of the local area the wider Sydney area and the State as a for it is a rare example of the living history of Aboriginal people form the pre-contact period to survive in a highly urbanised context.
The stencils provide a very direct and personal associative linkage between contemporary Aboriginal people and those who used this site for thousand of years prior to European contact as they are an exact outline or portrait of the people who made these artefacts.
The site has been a source of education and pride for a number of groups including the students of Tranby College who visited the site in 1986 as part of the Site Curators' course.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The site is of State heritage significance as a rare example of an occupation site containing art and a midden site with a huge potential resource for research into the traditional Aboriginal culture.
The midden may potentially yield archaeological information relating to the diet and subsistence practices of the Aboriginal people who created the midden, the age of the midden, and the local environment at the time.
Anecdotal information which suggests that stone flakes were found on the site (pre-1974) raises the possibility that the midden and the site would also yield other examples if archaeologically investigated.
They therefore have the potential to yield further information via a more detailed recording which may locate further stencils as well as measurement information which may indicate the minimum number of individuals responsible, gender and age of the art makers and contribute greatly to the understanding of this site and similar sites across the State.
The research potential of this particular site is enhanced as the impact of urbanisation in the central Sydney area has resulted in the destruction of many similar sites in this region.
Information from this site would provide important comparisons with material from sites related to the groups of Aboriginal people in Northern Sydney and other areas thus shedding light on the differences in custom and lifestyle between Central Sydney clans and those elsewhere.
Information that may be derived from this site is significant in providing information to contemporary Aboriginal people about the history of their people.
The Earlwood site is of State heritage significance as an extremely rare example of an occupation site which comprises a rock shelter with both midden deposit and painted stencils.
The presence of the stencils mark it out as by far the most significant Aboriginal site in the local area, while the number of stencils, the presence of relatively rare forearm plus hand stencils and the very uncommon foot stencils, make it a rare site within the central Sydney region and the State.
This stencil uses red ochre making the white foot stencilled shelter in Undercliffe rare in terms of motif and stencil variation.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
As a representative example from this region, the site contributes to an appreciation of regional variations across NSW, and therefore has value at a State-wide level as a representative example for cross comparison.
The building is located in the central business district of Shijiazhuang, and as of January 2020, it's the tallest in the city.
Designed by International and developed by Fincera Inc., an e-commerce company serving small and medium-sized Chinese businesses,the building serves as the company's headquarter.
David Christopher Evans is a Canadian palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist who specializes in the evolution and paleobiology of Cretaceous dinosaurs in western North America.
He is a fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS) and a member of the Royal Society of Canada (The College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists) and currently serves as the Senior Curator and Temerty Chair of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada.
Over the course of his undergraduate degree, Evans worked as a field technician at the Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller.
Following the completion of his Ph.D., Evans was hired as a curator by the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada, where he currently serves as the Temerty Chair in Vertebrate Palaeontology.
He has been part of the faculty in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto since 2007 and currently holds the rank of Associate Professor.
He has published extensively on various aspects of hadrosaurs, following his undergraduate and doctoral dissertations, including phylogenetics, development, biostratigraphy, and anatomy.
He has published more than 70 peer-reviewed articles and has several publications in leading scientific journals, including Biological Reviews, Current Biology, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Nature Communications, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, and Science, and has contributed book chapters to several edited volumes.
Evans' current research interests focus primarily on the vast majority of the well-known Late Cretaceous dinosaur clades found in western North America, and he maintains active fieldwork programs in Alberta and Montana.
As a professor at the University of Toronto, Evans supervises numerous graduate students in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology.
students include Arjan Mann (Carleton University); Ryan Schott (National Museum of Natural History); Chris McGarrity (Field Museum); and Collin Van Buren (Ohio State University).
Former Ph.D. students include Nicolas Campione (University of New England); Caleb Brown (Royal Tyrell Museum); Kirstin Brink (University of Manitoba); Thomas Cullen (North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences); Mateusz Wosik (Misericordia University), and Kentaro Chiba (Okayama University of Science).
Evans also serves on the editorial board of several academic journals, including FACETS and Biology Letters, and has previously served as an editor at PLOS ONE.
Evans has been featured in numerous documentaries, including the History Channel's 2015 documentary Dino Hunt Canada and various episodes of Daily Planet and radio and TV interviews.
In 1970, F. Hale collected lichens in lowland rain forests and compiled a regional monograph of Relicina and Thelotremataceae in Sri Lanka.
In 1984, Brunnbauer compiled a bibliographic description of lichens in Sri Lanka in 15 fascicles included 550 species belonging to 122 genera and 48 families.
During the coming years, many foreign scientists such as Moberg (1986, 1987), Awasthi (1991), Makhija and Patwardhan (1992), Breuss et al.
The systematic classification of lichen was started in 2012 by Weerakoon and discovered more than 1200 lichen species from the island.
In 2003 during a lichen survey in the Kandy municipal region, about 80 lichen species belonging to 18 families and 32 genera were recorded by Nayanakantha and Gajameragedara.
Of them 33 (66%) were crustose lichens, 11 (22%) foliose, 4 (8%) placcodioid and the remaining 4% were fruticose and squamulose lichens.
In 2013, Weerakoon discovered 51 new varieties of Lichens endemic to Sri Lanka, where 8 of them were found from the Knuckles Mountain Range.
Muchamad Aqil Savik (born, 17 January 1999 in Bandung), is a Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Bandung United on loan from Persib Bandung in the Liga 3.
The 2020 Arizona State Sun Devils football team represent Arizona State University in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Sun Devils play their home games at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe Arizona, and compete in the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference.
The venues for the 2022 Commonwealth Games are mostly be based in Birmingham and few in Coventry, Royal Leamington Spa, Sandwell and London.
The Alexander Stadium in Perry Barr, which is scheduled to host the ceremonies and athletics, will be renovated at a cost of £72 million.
The stadium's seating capacity will be increased permanently from 12,700 to 18,000 and will allow 40,000 during the Games through additional temporary seating.
A new aquatics centre, scheduled to host the swimming and diving events, is currently being built in Sandwell and is set to be completed in spring 2022.
In August 2017, during the preparation of the Birmingham bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games, UK Athletics Chief Ed Warner proposed London Stadium in London to host the athletic events and rest of the sporting events would be in Birmingham and West Midlands.
The London Stadium hosted the athletics and the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics as well as the 2017 World Athletic Championships and Para Athletics Championships.
Ed Warner claimed that millions of pounds could be saved by using the London Stadium rather than renovating the Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
But the Birmingham City Council Leader Ian Ward, one of the committee members of the Birmingham bid, dismissed Warner's idea and decided to use Alexander Stadium as the host of the ceremonies and athletic events of the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
The netball was moved from the Ricoh Arena in Coventry to the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham and the rugby sevens was moved from the Villa Park in Birmingham to the Ricoh Arena in Coventry.
The former venues of those sporting events were decided during the preparation of the Birmingham bid in 2017 and the latter venues were decided in September 2019.
The athletes' village is currently under construction on the site of the former Birmingham City University campus in Perry Barr and is due for completion in early 2022.
The Australian firm Lendlease is constructing the village at a cost of £350 million The Athletes Village will be home to over 6,500 athletes and officials during the Games and will be converted into 1,400 homes for the community following the Games.
The Asan Award in Medicine (frequently written as ASAN Award in Medicine) is an annual medical award presented by the Asan Foundation .
Not to be confused with their other prize, the ASAN Award, which is given for volunteer work, nor the Asan Memorial Poetry Prize given by the Asan Memorial Association in memory of Malayalam poet Kumaran Asan.
Established in 2007, the Asan Award in Medicine is presented in the categories of Basic Medicine, Clinical Medicine, and Young Medical Scientists who are under the age of 40.
For the first five years there was a singular laureate but now there is laureate for basic and clinical and up to three young scientists laureates.
Raised in 2013 to encourage medical research, prize money for the first two categories is 300 million KRW, and for found scientists it is 50 million KRW each.
Yobarnie Keyline Farm is a heritage-listed former experimental farm and now pastoral property at 108 Grose Vale Road, North Richmond, City of Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia.
The name was changed at a later date in the 19th century to avoid confusion with Enfield in Sydney's (inner) west.
Following European settlement of the eastern coast of Australia in 1788, Governor Phillip explored the Hawkesbury River and climbed Richmond Hill.
From 1794 European settlers were granted farms in Windsor along South Creek and the earliest grant in Richmond seems to have been 1795.
It was on this site in 1795 that there was a fierce battle between the Dharug inhabitants and soldiers of the colonial government.
Grants at North Richmond along the river date from 1796 and in the early 1800s, larger grants were given to members of the Rouse, Bell and Bowman families, including the land relating to this study which was granted to Archibald Bell.
While in 1813 Wentworth, Blaxland and Lawson successfully crossed the Blue Mountains, it was some ten years later in 1823 that Archibald Bell (Junior), son of Archibald Bell of Belmont, discovered an alternative route over the mountains which is (now) known as Bells Line of Road.
This launched an expansion of land holdings in the west and a constant flow of traffic through North Richmond to Sydney.
A Methodist Church was established in 1857 and Bishop Barker laid the foundation stone of St Phillip's Church of England on 23 May 1859 with a school house completed in 1861.
The burial ground at St.Phillip's Church of England was consecrated in 1861; however the Bell family have their own vault on the site at Belmont Park.
An unusual curved terracotta stair and balustrading in the centre axis leads down to a lower terrace whose centre feature is a sandstone and timber octagonal conservatory dated 1910.
The Charley family entertained lavishly, a feature of these occasions being theatrical performances in the courtyard which was provided with a stage opened by lowering the large window across the proscenium into the cellars.
The property has been developed as a psychiatric (St John of God) hospital and is well recognised as a place of healing and therapy.
The property retains the mansion, gate house, formal driveway with date palm avenue, a garden pavilion/conservatory with grotto and a beautifully manicured and landscaped forecourt with pleasure grounds, all overlooking the Hawkesbury River.
It was on this site in 1795 that there was a fierce battle between the Dharug inhabitants and soldiers of the colonial government.
Yobarnie (together with the adjacent St. John of God Hospital site) formed part of the historic core of the Belmont pastoral estate, developed by Archibald Bell from c.1804.
Yeomans, a retired mining engineer purchased two properties (Nevallan and Yobarnie) and, on Yobarnie, began conducting experiments in soil conservation and enrichment, erosion control and water management, based on his engineering insights.
In 1944, the Geography Department of the University of Sydney began using the property for student mapping exercises which ultimately produced a complete contour map that guided future development of the Keyline System.
After a further three years trialling various methods of artificial drainage, he abondoned this approach in favour of the system of deep soil ripping, ploughed contours and dams exploiting the natural topography of the place, that he called the Keyline System.
The favourable results of this work on Yobarnie were then implemented on Nevallan which became the principal site for demonstrating the system.
By the early 1950s, the results achieved attracted numerous visitors to Nevallan and Yeomans' publications describing his discoveries excited the interest of agriculturalists worldwide.
During the following decade, farmers in every corner of the world, confronted with poor soils on steep, undulating terrain adopted the Keyline method.
In 2009, most of Yobarnie was purchased by a land development company which received planning permission from Hawkesbury City Council to construct a seniors' living facility on the portion of the property adjacent to the existing suburb of North Richmond.
Local residents and members of the sustainable farming (permaculture) community became concerned that further development would obliterate the physical evidence of Yeomans' achievements and, in June, 2009, nominated the properties for heritage listing.
It demonstrates the essential elements of Yeoman's Keyline System: the undulating terrain; the current hydrology of the place, as managed by the Keyline System - i.e.
how water behaves there and both the big-picture and fine-grain biophysical effects of this; the dams; the ploughed contours and the resulting increased, enriched and productive topsoil.
The contours and dams of the original Keyline system are readily apparent to anyone acquainted with the system, despite their neglected and overgrown condition.
Of the original 12 dams, 10 remain as built, although neglected and unmaintained, damage to dam walls by cattle appears negligible and easily repaired.
As at 6 December 2012, Yobarnie was one of the properties (the other was Nevallan) on which the Keyline system of soil improvement, erosion control, water storage, cultivation and irrigation on undulating topography was first developed and demonstrated from the mid-1940s.
Yobarnie (with Nevallan) is unique in its ability to demonstrate the principles of the Keyline system of agriculture, on the site where this system was first developed, trialled and demonstrated.
Yobarnie Keyline Farm was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 8 March 2013 having satisfied the following criteria.
Yobarnie is of state heritage significance as the place in which the Keyline system of soil improvement, water storage,cultivation and irrigation on undulating topography was first developed and demonstrated.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
Yeoman's achievements were recognised internationally by the Prince Philip Design Award, in 1974, and a nationwide poll conducted by Country Life magazine placed him among the top 3 Australians who had contributed most to Australian agriculture.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
Yobarnie is of state heritage significance as the earliest and still legible evidence of the techniques and systems pioneered by PA Yeomans for soil improvement, water storage, cultivation and irrigation on undulating topography.
In addition to the increased fertility and productivity of the soil subjected to the Keyline regime, by-products of the system include erosion prevention, increased fire safety, significant carbon sequestration and improved wildlife habitat.
The distinctive cultural landscape resulting from this technical achievement is itself aesthetically pleasing and offers considerable scope for contributing to the visual and recreational amenity of any future adaptive reuse.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Yobarnie is of state heritage significance for the high esteem in which it held by the state's (and indeed, the country's) agricultural community.
This esteem is evidenced by a nationwide poll conducted by Country Life magazine that placed PA Yeomans among the top 3 Australians who had contributed most to Australian agriculture and by representations received from the practitioners and advocates of Permaculture attesting to the seminal role of the Keyline experiments in subsequent sustainable landuse theory and practice.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Yobarnie is of state heritage significance for its ability to demonstrate not only the principal characteristics of the Keyline system, but also for the evidence of Yeomans' early experiments which led to the perfection of that system.
These attributes have the potential to play a significant ongoing role in the cultural, recreational and economic life of the community.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
Yobarnie is of state heritage significance for its ability to demonstrate the interaction between topography and poor soil and the Keyline System, which created from this challenging environment the prototype of a viable agricultural landscape now represented worldwide.
Edward Lewis Tixier (July 7, 1929 – June 3, 1999) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as commander of United States Forces Japan and Fifth Air Force from 1984 until his retirement in 1988.
Born in Clayton, New Mexico, Tixier attended the United States Military Academy and University of New Mexico was commissioned through ROTC at the latter in 1953.
William Russell Maloney (October 13, 1929 – November 13, 2018) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower for the Marine Corps.
Arif Setiawan (born on September 4, 1996) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a left-back for Persik Kediri on loan from Bhayangkara in the Liga 1.
William H. Fitch (November 6, 1929 – January 19, 2016) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Commandant for Aviation for the Marine Corps.
Zephyr Surgical Imlants (ZSI) is a Swiss-based medical device manufacturer that produces and distributes artificial urinary sphincters and penile implants worldwide.
ZSI products are used in the management of moderate-to-severe urinary incontinence in men, erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, penis enlargement, female-to-male gender reassignment surgery.
The inflatable penile implant designed for female-to-male gender assignment surgeries was become available in the European market in March 2016, and the first phalloplasty procedures using ZSI 475 FtM implants were performed in June 2016.
Multiple clinical studies have been performed, most of them retrospective, non-randomized trials, with using ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter in moderate-to-severe male incontinence.
Success rates of total continence or social continence at average 6-24 months of follow-up period have been reported to vary in the range of 68-89%.
In a prospective study by Ostrowski and others, the social continence and improved continence rates after 12 months of implantation were 59% and 31%, respectively, and the success rate achieved 91% and 79% at 12 and 24 months of follow up, respectively.
He is a member of the Wallace family, which includes his father Mike and uncles Rusty and Kenny, each former NASCAR drivers who competed in the sport for decades to great success.
Mike Wallace was friends with team owner Bill Kimmel, which is how the deal was put together for Matt to race for Kimmel's ARCA team.
Matt Wallace tested at ARCA's Daytona test session in January 2016 leading up to the race at the track in February.
22 Dodge for Cunningham Motorsports, sharing the car in the session with Kevin Thomas Jr, who was set to be the full-time driver of that car for the 2016 season.
However, Wallace's crew chief Paul Andrews did state that Cunningham would try to field an additional car for him at Daytona if sponsorship could be found (and it was not).
On July 10, 2015, it was announced that Matt would make his debut in the Xfinity Series at the New Hampshire race later that month, driving for JGL Racing, the same team that his father Mike drove for in many races in 2014 as well as Daytona in 2015 and his uncle Kenny raced for earlier that year at Talladega.
In addition, he was also scheduled to pilot the car at Iowa and other races yet to be determined, although he only ended up driving at Iowa.
Although he made his debut in the series in 2015, Matt Wallace did have a chance to do so one season earlier, as at the Daytona night race in 2014.
Mike Wallace, JGL, and his sponsor for that race, Smith Transportation, agreed that if Mike got a top-5 finish, the team would give Matt one race in the team's No.
Although his father did finish in the top-10 in the race, it was not a top-5, so Matt did not get to run for the team that year.
He has not made any NASCAR or ARCA starts since 2015, but he is still racing, competing in super late model events in the CARS Series, sometimes against his cousin Steve, who also now competes in CARS late models after competing full-time for several years in the Xfinity Series.
In 2019, he launched his own driver development program to give other drivers an opportunity to compete in super late models as well.
He grew up in the Charlotte, North Carolina area (where the majority of race teams are based) although his family is from St. Louis.
When he made his debut in both ARCA and Xfinity in 2015, he was attending classes at Rowan-Cabarrus Community College, and expressed a desire to attend UNC-Charlotte after graduating from RCCC, studying business administration at both schools.
The country shares a border (Tajikistan–Uzbekistan border) with Uzbekistan in the west and a border (Afghanistan–Tajikistan border) with Afghanistan in the south.
At above sea level, Ismoil Somoni Peak, formerly called Communism Peak and originally named Stalin Peak, is the highest point of Tajikistan and was the highest point in the USSR.
At above sea level, the lowest point of Tajikistan is in the Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), a river that flows into the North Aral Sea.
He was the winner of the Mottard and Amic awards from the French Academy in 1987 and 2009 respectively, the Prix Renaudot in 2013 and the Prix Cazes in 2015.
Despite describing acts of pedophillia in his books, Matzneff remained sheltered from any criminal prosecution for a long time and benefited from wide support within the French literary world.
His family raised him in a refined cultural environment, rubbing shoulders with such famous French figures as Léon Chestov and Nicolas Berdiaev.
Matzneff spent a year attending the Gerson private Catholic school (1943–1944), two in Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague (1944–1946), then moved to a school in Tannenberg from between 1946 and 1952, and from 1952 attended Lycée Carnot.
After completed his military service in Algeria from between 1959 and 1960, Matzneff returned to Paris in 1961, enrolled in Russian at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales and began a career as a journalist..
He met Henry de Montherlant in June 1957 and remained his friend, in spite of quarrels, until his suicide on September 21, 1972.
On the nights of March 21st and 22, 1973, Matzneff dispersed the ashes of Montherlant with the 'executor of the latter, Jean-Claude Barat, on the Roman Forum and in the Tiber'.
, then publication director of the daily Combat, noticed Matzneff's work and in October 1962 asked him to write a daily column on television every Thursday.
In the 1970s, especially in 1970 and 1971, he made numerous trips to the Middle East, in particular to Lebanon, Egypt, Syria and, later, to Libya.
Despite describing acts of pedophillia in his books, Matzneff remained sheltered from any criminal prosecution for a long time and benefited from a large support within the literary world.
He was the winner of the Mottard and Amic awards from the French Academy in 1987 and 2009 respectively, the Prix Renaudot in 2013 and the Prix Cazes in 2015.
Reksa Maulana (born on March 20, 1998) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for Persik Kediri on loan from Bhayangkara in the Liga 1.
John Kasadha (born 16 July 1996), commonly known as John Blaq, is a Ugandan singer, entertainer, songwriter, hip hop and afrobeat artist.
Matthew T. Cooper (born March 8, 1934) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Reserve Affairs.
The Lucknow–Kasganj Passenger (55325/55326) is a passenger train belonging to Indian Railways' North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Lucknow Junction railway station and Kasganj Junction railway station in India.
The 55325 AF Lucknow - Kasganj Passenger leaves Lucknow on all days in a week at 04:30 hrs IST and reaches the Kasganj at 14:45 hrs IST.
It was created in 1841, by the merger of two previous electoral districts of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, Dorchester and Beauce.
Under the previous legislation, enacted in 1829, the former district of Dorchester had been based on the seigniory of Lauzon, on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence, near Lévis.
The Dorchester electoral district was thus south of Quebec City, between the Saint Lawrence and the border with the United States, in the current Chaudière-Appalaches administrative region.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
It has its source in the easternmost foothills of the Sistema Central at roughly 1,310 m above sea level, formed upon the confluence of smaller streams, although it feeds downstream from right-bank tributaries born at a higher altitude, namely: the and the .
Running southwards through the Spanish province of Guadalajara, it empties in the Henares at 700 m above sea level, near Humanes.
Annas Fitranto (born on April 6, 1994) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Persita Tangerang in the Liga 1.
Newcastle Government House is a heritage-listed former military post and official residence and now park and psychiatric hospital at 72 Watt Street, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
It is also known as Newcastle Government House and Domain, Newcastle Military Barracks & Hospital, Girls' Industrial School, Reformatory for Girls, Lunatic Asylum for Imbeciles, James Fletcher Hospital and Fletcher Park.
The Newcastle Government House and Domain has significant associations with convictism in Australia as a site central to the management of convict labour, early coal mining technology and the development and growth of the Australian economy.
The earliest European use of the site was the Commandant's Residence (also known as Government House) where the Commandant, Lieutenant Charles Menzies controlled the penal settlement.
The same location is also shown in artworks by Joseph Lycett, Walter Preston and Edward Close and these are particularly significant because they show Newcastle's Government House and gardens.
After 1823, most of the convicts were transferred to Port Macquarie, however many prisoners remained in Newcastle until 1855 to carry out public works projects such as the construction of Macquarie Pier and other works.
Furthermore, the association between the former military barracks buildings and the port initiative (the pier) is of significance to capital works programs of the Colonial Government, convictism and early technology in Australia.
The employment of convicts to construct Macquarie Pier was in the economic interest of the Colony and this site was significant in supporting this progress.
Having started in 1814 with a small population of approximately 100 convicts and guards, but it would become the major penal settlement of the Australian colonies, accommodating up to one thousand convicts.
Coal mining in Newcastle provided the first profit ever made in the fledgling Colony of New South Wales of - 2 pounds, 5 shillings - in 1801.
Convict labour was used to work mines located at Colliers Point (these were horizontal drifts) and on the hillside near Government House, the first working vertical shaft sunk for the production of coal in Australia (on the current James Fletcher Hospital site).
The site is also associated with Benjamin Grainger who was sent to Newcastle in 1812 to assist in coal mining in the area, later becoming Superintendent of the coal mines, in 1820.
The military was present in the settlement to manage the convict population and to supervise work in the mines and the construction of the Macquarie Pier.
A small rail system for haulage was used to take coal to the port directly downhill from the mine site to be loaded onto ships for export.
The transport of coal to the port forged a thoroughfare which then became the main street of the township, George Street (now known as Watt Street).
The Commandant had his residence in a prominent place at the top of this street where he was able to view what was happening in the settlement, including work at Collier's Point and Nobbys Island.
Twenty seven men were described as employed in the working of the mine and the mouth of the shaft immediately adjoined the offices of the Commandant's House.
It was not until the 1900s that a mine subsidence report provided more detail about the existence of the convict mines.
In the 1940s Jonathon Dixon carried out research on the site and attempted to locate the position of the first convict coal shaft by surveying an early map.
Dr B W Champion (1949) also supports Dixon's location of the convict coal mine, adding that it was sunk approximately 20 yards inside the Mental Hospital gates.
Dixon argues that the subsidence revealed both the position of the old convict mine shaft and the position of the Commandant's House or Government House.
Evidence of the shaft was later covered up and is not obvious today, although it is reported to be under the roadway of the main road leading into the hospital.
The position of the former Wallis Shaft inside the asylum entrance is shown on a plan by the Colonial Architect James Barnet in 1880.
Lachlan Macquarie on his tour to the northern settlements in 1821 stated in his journal that he stayed at Government House in Newcastle, finding it very comfortable.
The future of the coal mining industry was important to Governor Macquarie as is shown in his laying of the foundation stone to build the Macquarie Pier in 1818.
This was a major colonial public works project, undertaken to join the mainland with Nobbys Island and establish a safe port entrance to facilitate the coal export trade.
The Newcastle Government House and Domain contains the original site of the Church of England parsonage erected in 1819 and home to Reverend George Augustus Middleton, Newcastle's first chaplain.
In the 1830s part of the land granted to the Church of England as a glebe was returned to the Government for building a new military barracks.
Reception House and Kirkwood House have recently been demolished in June 2008 to make way for the construction of a new 20-bed mental Health facility.
Reception House was a direct and tangible link to the convict-built parsonage and nearby Christ Church Cathedral buildings and a significant purpose-designed mental health facility which marked an innovation in mental health care.
Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon kept some of the original fabric of the old parsonage in the structure of the new additions to Kirkwood House.
From the 1830s there was an increase of military protection of Newcastle in order to protect its coal resources and hence the colony's economy.
The Governor visited Newcastle to lay foundation stone for the new barracks on the hill near the parsonage house in 1836.
One of Barney's first tasks was to report on steps that needed to be taken in order to protect the colony from attacks by foreign vessels and he recommended that batteries and blockhouses be constructed in Sydney, Newcastle, Wollongong, Port Macquarie and Port Phillip.
The first projects undertaken by Barney were for the construction of new barracks at Paddington in Sydney (Victoria Barracks) and Newcastle.
A convict chain gang in Newcastle was employed to build the foundations for the officers quarters and soldiers barracks in 1838, as well as to create the military parade ground.
However later in 1848 some convicts returned to Newcastle to build public works accompanied by a military guard which was accommodated in the new barracks.
The barracks remained in use for civil service accommodation until 1867 when it became the Girls' Industrial School and later the Reformatory for Girls.
Newcastle was the fourth main government-run asylum to be opened in New South Wales, the others located at Tarban Creek, Parramatta, the first being at Castle Hill, which later become a gaol.
A common theme throughout the life of the asylum was community dissatisfaction with having such an institution located in the centre of the city.
When an asylum was first suggested, the residents of Newcastle were so opposed to the plan that they held a public meeting which consisted of 400 Newcastle residents at the Newcastle Court House.
On 4 December 1866 the Colonial Secretary's Office notified the Bench of Magistrates in Newcastle that the proposed plan would not go ahead.
When it was suggested for a second time, a Newcastle newspaper, the Chronicle stated that it was dangerous to have insane people living in such close proximity to residents.
Frederick Manning was the Inspector General of the Insane and oversaw all lunatic asylums in New South Wales; he is credited with implementing many improvements to the site and with the introduction of moral therapy, believing that young imbeciles and idiots should be kept apart from the older insane people.
Manning's decision to separate the imbelices and idiots required extra space, at a time when overall patient numbers were increasing, due in part to the effects of the 1890s depression.
Manning had intended to have the younger patients housed on a separate site, but the government's funding was limited during the depressin so additional wards were constructed.
The first of these additional wards was constructed in 1892 and accommodated 24 girls at the northern end of the asylum grounds, behind the court house.
A visit from the Deputy Inspector General of Mental Hospitals in 1918 found the newer wards of a high standard but determined that the older buildings were in poor condition.
Such problems were addressed during the mid to late 1920s, and included improvements in bathroom facilities, the removal of single rooms in the women's section to create a spacious dining and day room and the creation of a larger space in the men's division by removing two of the single rooms.
In 1965, the Shortland Clinic was built to serve outpatients, a model copied at other hospitals such as Royal North Shore Hospital.
In 1983 the name of the hospital changed to Hunter Hospital and in 1989 the name was again changed to be named the James Fletcher Hospital after James Fletcher, an important figure in Newcastle during the late 19th Century.
Its use as a public park was promoted in 1878 after Frederick Cane the Superintendant of the Asylum for Imbeciles had undertaken to make the park more attractive by planting ornamental shrubs and trees.
There were numerous outbuildings to Government House and an artwork completed in1820 (artist unknown) shows these as well as a path to the left of the building leading uphill.
Newcastle Government House & Domain cultural landscape includes the area currently occupied by the James Fletcher Hospital located east of the Newcastle central business district and is bounded by Ordinance Street to the south, Newcomen Street to the west and Church Street to the north.
The east boundary of the hospital is Watt street and also includes Fletcher Park situated opposite the hospital entrance and the convict coal mines from 1814-17.
Two convict coal mines exist on the current hospital grounds, one is approximately 20-25 metres inside the main Watt Street entrance, named Asylum Coal Shaft No.
Asylum Coal Shaft No.2 is in the courtyard behind the former military hospital, south west corner of the site; it is capped but not filled.
Both of these shafts are connected to horizontal workings at the coal seam below and to drainage adits running to the nearby seaside cliffs.
One adit is visible in the cliff at Newcastle South beach (hand-hewn); it is a horizontal shaft and has been cut into the rock face of the cliff, in an ovoid shape.
The adit is located about 5 metres above the ground and approximately 1.5m tall x 0.5 m wide at the top and 0.75 m wide at the bottom.
It is unknown where the adit leads; however it does go west towards the nominated site and possibly is linked with the known vertical shafts (asylum shafts).
The adit drains water from the mine by gravity, it would appear from the outside that the adit has minimal obstructions and often has water draining from it.
The front of the original building was demolished in the mid 1800s for the realignment of Church Street; however a significant portion of the parsonage was retained when additions were made to Reception House by Architect Walter Vernon.
Remains of the old parsonage (1819) were found, including sections of wall, a cellar and other relics as evidence of the convict period.
The convict brickwork (floor/foundations) was in excellent condition (for its age), and represents building methods and techniques used in the convict era.
Originally built as a retaining wall for the excavated site, then it was later retained for privacy for patients of the mental institution.
The walls were constructed from brickwork dated at different periods, and the significant sections of the stone wall in the lower sections of the compound wall may relate to the 1830s when the site was quarried using convict labour.
The exposed rock has eroded somewhat due to environmental conditions; however this landscape remains a noticeable and strong feature of the site, the quarried section that formed a wall runs the full length of the southern boundary.
The parade ground remains an open parkland and grassy area that has not been hindered or interrupted with significant development (except in the case of the Shortland Clinic, which although is not built directly on the oval, does detract visually from the openness of the former military establishment).
Significant vistas remain across all areas of the site because the recreation ground is in the centre of the collection of buildings.
This park is situated directly across the road (Watt Street) from the current James Fletcher Hospital, on the east side of the precinct.
The park is reasonably well-maintained by Newcastle City Council; much of the open space has remained undisturbed, with the exception of the garden beds on the west side (Watt Street), which were replaced in 2005.
This work may have disturbed archaeological remains of the former Newcastle Government House (also known as Commandant's Residence) that existed on the site.
However Gate House () is a significant heritage building related to the military phase of the hospital and contributes greatly to other building on the site, but is not part of the heritage listing.
As at 21 September 2010, the Newcastle Government House and Domain site forms a complex, multi-layered cultural landscape, physically transformed by convict labour and providing evidence of the early colonial settlement of Newcastle as well as of the subsequent technical, economic and social development of the city and the state.
Newcastle Government House was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 March 2011 having satisfied the following criteria.
It meets this criterion of State significance because it demonstrates patterns of economic and social development of the early colonial period from government-controlled and convict-worked industry, to the arrival of free labour and the beginnings of private enterprise.
The place is an exceptional example of the forced migration of convicts (Vinegar Hill rebels) and the development associated with punishment and reform, particularly convict labour and the associated coal mines.
The place is culturally significant because of its representation in historical records and visual sources from the early 1800s, showing the changes in the landscape.
It demonstrates an important aspect of law and order through its history as a military barracks and as the source of supervision required for the prisoners who remained in Newcastle to complete the Macquarie Pier.
The James Fletcher Hospital site is unique as a coastal urban Lunatic Asylum (1871- present) and is representative of Australian Colonial asylum culture.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
The place is closely associated with Governor Macquarie who implemented Colonial public works projects like coal mining that later sustained the economic growth of the Colony.
The place has a strong association with the Commandants of Newcastle from 1804-23, including Lieutenant Charles Menzies, Charles Throsby, Commandant Wallis and Major Morisset.
The site is also significant for its association with Captain George Barney, one of Australia's most important Colonial Engineers during the mid 19th Century, (whose works include the Victoria Barracks in Paddington and the design of Circular Quay) and with Dr Frederick Manning Norton, who made a considerable contribution to the welfare of the insane and the improvement of mental health care in NSW.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The site has a high degree of aesthetic significance for its position toward the top of the eastern side of the Hill area and has remained virtually intact since first dedicated.
Many individuals have found creative inspiration from its landscape since 1804 and their artistic works have documented the transformation of this unique place shaped by human intervention (e.g.
Ferdinand Bauer and Joseph Lycett)The place is an early example of a Colonial public works project (Military Barracks) as well as the natural landscape transformed by convict labour.
The James Fletcher Hospital site has a rare amalgamation of 1840s Military Barracks buildings, including the Parade Ground surviving in an excavated and walled site.
The site contains the first vertical mine shafts used for commercial mining of coal in Australia, a valuable insight into the mining techniques and knowledge used in the Colony.
The place shows innovative and technical achievement related to masonry and quarrying techniques to build the military establishment, as well as skillfulness of design in the reshaping of the landscape to construct these buildings.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
An important site of early interaction between Aboriginal and European people, the place may have potential to contribute new knowledge about the relationship between these two cultures in the colonial period.
Features of this cultural landscape, including the early convict coal mines, have the potential to provide new information about colonial and convict life in NSW.
The place has potential contribute to a better understanding of the nature of construction techniques used in the convict-era, of early Australian industrial convict sites, of convicts as a cultural group and of the contribution made by their forced labour.
The place is rare in NSW because its landscape was physically shaped by convict labour, a landscape that remains visible today.
The place is nationally rare because if possesses an intact military barracks and military hospital and parade ground, both constructed using convict labour.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
The place is also representative of colonial lunatic asylums in NSW and was the first regional lunatic asylum in the Colony.
Endang Egga Subrata (born on June 15, 1991) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for PSIS Semarang in the Liga 1.
Little survives of the line, but one of the old railway residences was moved to nearby Metcalfe where it is still used as a residence.
He currently holds the rank of general-lieutenant, and since 2019 has served as a deputy commander in chief of the Russian Navy.
Astapov entered the military after studying at the Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School, serving in a regimental reconnaissance company of the Soviet Airborne Forces.
Rising through the ranks he saw service during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, subsequently becoming commander of a paratrooper battalion after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
He saw action in the First and Second Chechen Wars as deputy commander of the Stavropol airborne assault brigade, and later as commander of the .
By the mid-2000s he was commander of the 7th Guards Mountain Air Assault Division, and after studies at the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, became chief of staff and first deputy commander of the Siberian Military District.
Astapov went on to serve in senior staff positions in the Southern and Western Military Districts, rising to the rank of general-lieutenant, before becoming a deputy commander of the navy, with responsibility for the coastal troops.
After failing to gain entry to the Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School on his first attempt, Astapov spent a year studying physics at Rostov State University, before succeeding in applying to the Ryazan Airborne School.
He graduated in 1985 and went to serve in a regimental reconnaissance company of the Soviet Airborne Forces based in Tula.
The following year he was appointed commander of the company, and went with them to Baku, where he was posted during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
On his return to Russia he was appointed chief of staff of the Tula division's paratrooper battalion, becoming its commander two and a half years later.
Astapov then carried out studies at the Frunze Military Academy, graduating in 1996 and becoming deputy commander of the Stavropol airborne assault brigade, which was seconded to Chechnya during the First and Second Chechen Wars.
He graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in 2009, and was then appointed to the post of chief of staff and first deputy commander of the Siberian Military District.
From January 2011 Astapov served as chief of staff and deputy commander of the 49th Combined Arms Army of the Southern Military District, and in May 2012 became commander of the 49th Combined Arms Army.
From December 2013 to April 2014 he was deputy commander of the Southern Military District, being promoted from general-major to general-lieutenant on 24 February 2014.
As chief of staff of the Western Military District, Astapov was heavily involved in planning and carrying out the Zapad 2017 exercises.
On 1 August 2018, while serving as acting commander of the Western Military District, Astapov met with a Japanese military delegation in Saint Petersburg, led by Defence Minister Itsunori Onodera.
In February 2019 Astapov was moved from the position of chief of staff of the Western Military District to the post of a deputy commander of the navy, with responsibility for the coastal troops.
It was noted at the time that Astapov had experience from participating in the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War.
There is a theory that it is similar to the poltergeist phenomenon because it is a monster that makes the sound of red beans in a house without appearing, and it is a monster with only sound.
As mentioned above, when the room was quiet, there was a loud noise as if stepping over the ceiling, followed by the sound of sowing beans.
The sound gradually grew, and in the end, the sound was as loud as a one-tooth (about 18 litres) red bean.
The American team of Orville Moody and Lee Trevino won by eight strokes over the Japan team of Takaaki Kono and Haruo Yasuda.
This was the tenth victory for the United States in the history of the World Cup, until 1967 named the Canada Cup.
Andreas Chrismanto Ado (born on March 15, 1997) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a winger for PSIS Semarang in the Liga 1.
Jade Pregelj (born 22 August 1991) is an Australian rules footballer playing for Gold Coast in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW).
While playing for Logan alongside future AFLW superstars Katie Brennan and Aasta O'Connor, Pregelj played in five straight QAFLW premierships and was awarded back-to-back league best and fairest honours.
In a remarkable twist, she relocated to Townsville to continue her military service in 2018 and was reacquainted with a former junior coach and Gold Coast Suns head of women's football Fiona McLarty who convinced Pregelj to begin playing football again.
Changes in area land use to small farms since the initial specimen have resulted in the IUCN assessment as Critically Endangered.
In 2001, he founded the Slum Soccer organisation after spotting a couple of underprivileged children playing with a makeshift football, inspiring him to start a soccer club.
Sun Lili (; born November 1961) is a Chinese engineer and the current party chief and general manager of Sinopec Engineering Incorporation.
Alaverdi Ramazanov (Russian: Алаверди Рамазанов; born November 29, 1994) is a Russian Muay Thai kickboxer who is currently signed to ONE Championship.
He moved to Thailand at 21 to train with the Venum Training Camp in order to develop his Muay Thai skills.
Despite receiving a cut on the back of his head, Ramazanov outstruck Phetmorakot and fought on to claim the unanimous decision victory.
Alaverdi Ramazanov came out strong and was able to knock down Topic three times within the first round, claiming the decisive TKO victory.
His win over Ognjen Topic would set him up for a title shot against Zhang Chenglong for the inaugural ONE Kickboxing Bantamweight World Championship at on December 6, 2019.
Despite having mostly fought under Muay Thai rules and showing signs of slowing down in the later rounds, Alaverdi Ramazanov was able to adapt and delivered a crucial knockdown on Zhang Chenglong before winning the fight by unanimous decision, becoming the first ONE Kickboxing Bantamweight World Champion.
S62 is a star in the cluster surrounding Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way.
With an orbital period of only 9.9 years, it beats the previous record holder, the star S0-102, which circles Sgr A* in 12.8 years.
In addition, S62 has a very eccentric orbit which makes it pass very close to Sgr A*, only 5.2 astronomical units (780 million km), that is to say the distance between Jupiter and the Sun.
The star therefore passes only about 60 times the Schwarzschild radius of Sgr A* (the Schwarzschild radius of Sgr A * is approximately 0.08 AU, or 12 million km).
It is much closer to Sgr A* than the previous record, around 120 AU (18 billion km, 1,440 Schwarzschild radius), held by the star S2 (also designated S0-2).
S62 passes so close to Sgr A* that its orbit has a very large precession: its orbit shifts by about 10 degrees with each revolution.
The discovery of S62 has also enabled a new estimate of the mass of Sgr A*: (4.15 ± 0.6) million solar masses, a value fully compatible with previous estimates.
During this period for the restrictions Yaghmaei recorded this album in an ordinary room on his apartment without using acoustic system, sound engineering, professional microphones, amplifiers, and other necessary equipment.
Yaghmaei struggled with the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance to obtain the required permit for releasing this album, bur he failed.
He earned a bachelor's degree in industrial automation in 1988, a master's degree in systems engineering in 1991, and a doctor's degree in control theory and application in 1996, all from Northeastern University.
After graduating, he taught at the university, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1991 and to full professor in 1999.
The team ski-snowboard cross event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 21 January at the Villars Winter Park.
The company has an office at the Aéroport de Sion in the canton of Valais and a base in Gampel, Raron and Zermatt.
As the first rescue company in Switzerland, it employs permanent doctors and anesthesia nurses68 who accompany the helicopter crews on their rescue missions.
Former Air Zermatt pilot Siegfried Stangier wrote a book entitled Rescuers who come from heaven (published in 1986), which gives an insight into Air Zermatt's activities from the 1970s to the mid-80s.
The long-line rescue method he introduced in 1972 (a rope up to 220 meters long on the helicopter) saved the lives of countless people in need.
Organizations including HP, VMware, Virtual Clarity, IBM, and Cisco supported the creation of a training program that resulted in training over 2000 people within ING in a period of just over 6 months.
ING realized that with a formal certification it would be able to both validate the skills of its professionals, but also help employees in enhancing their career.
Professional certification body CompTIA also signed on to this initiative, and Cloud Essentials became the first vendor-neutral cloud certification in the market.
In October 2019, Hurun Report listed him as the 1008th richest person in China with an estimated wealth of 4.1 billion yuan.
The mainstream media has described them as having many causes in common, as influencing each other and as having many differences in specific causes.
Larrère described the 2019 protests as having historical precedents including the 1820, 1848 and 1989 revolutionary waves, the protests of 1968, and the 2011 wave of the Arab Spring.
Larrère claimed that the differences in triggers for the various protests were misleading for understanding the nature of the protests, favouring rebellion against economic austerity programs and calls for more democracy as underlying causes.
A sizable number of these protests are partaken by protesters from across the political spectrum, notably the Yellow Vests in France were originally a far-right movement protesting against the Migration Crisis and a rise in domestic fuel tax, whereas the protests in India were also originally by Assamese protesters fighting against liberal immigration policies.
One of the measures undertaken by the Government of Hong Kong in response to the city's protests was to increase the amount of social security and labor rights available to its citizens, though protesters themselves do not agree that the measures are enough to placate their demands.
A major plank of the Gillet Jaunes in France is to oppose an Eco tax, a rise in the fuel duty and the liberal policies of Macron.
Immigration has also played a major role during the various protests, such as the immigration of Mainland Chinese into Hong Kong, the Migration Crisis in France,or the migration from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan into India.
The United Kingdom's vote to leave the European Union (Brexit) was also achieved in part by voters protesting against the EU's freedom-of-movement and the collective European response to the Migration Crisis.
Dawn Brancati and Adrian Lucardi dispute the diffusion model, arguing that they have statistical evidence on protests during 1989–2011 that fail to support the diffusion model across neighbouring countries.
In the protests of 2019, academics and journalists disagree on common factors but tend to agree that the triggers for individual national protests and the specific demands vary considerably.
She described the coordination between the elites of the middle class with the working class as creating an explosive situation, documented in research into the yellow vest movement.
Many of the protests were frequently characterised as being organised in a leaderless way, including those in Algeria, Hong Kong, Lebanon and Iraq.
Sanjoy Chakravorty, a global studies researcher at Temple University, argued that the leaderlessness was an advantage to protestors in that it made the protest movements difficult to repress, but a disadvantage in that the lack of leadership structures would lead to the protests not being sustained and not inducing long-term political change.
Mathilde Larrère described the common symbols of the 2019 protests as including symbols, including masks, that worked in one place and were imitated in others, accelerated by the Internet, and a weak role of traditionally organised workers' and anarchist movements.
In early 2018, Chan Tong-kai, a citizen of Hong Kong, was suspected of killing his girlfriend whilst in Taiwan and then returning to Hong Kong, thereby avoiding law enforcement in Taiwan.
He was unable to be extradited back to Taiwan due to a lack of any extradition treaties between the polities of Greater China.
This caused a political controversy after the Government of Hong Kong attempted to establish extradition treaties remedying the situation, leading to widespread protests in early 2019.
The 2019 Hong Kong extradition bill was seen as a threat to Hong Kong's autonomy from the People's Republic of China.
These protests follow the 2011 Occupy Hong Kong protests and the 2014 umbrella movement, in which protesters were mainly fighting against social and economic inequality.
In a direct link with other protests, on 24 October 2019, 1000 Hong Kong protestors held a rally to express solidarity with the Catalan protests.
The solidarity rally was supported by well-known activists including Joshua Wong, Lester Shum, Tommy Cheung, Brian Leung Kai-ping, Benny Tai and Andy Chan Ho-tin.
The economy was forecast to contract by 1.3% and tourist arrivals by over 56%, leading to job losses and store closures, and a large number of events and conferences were relocated to other locations such as Singapore.
On 4 January 2020, the State Council of China dismissed Wang Zhimin, the head of the Hong Kong Liaison Office that represents China's interests in Hong Kong, an office widely seen as being a puppeteer of the Hong Kong government.
The Citizenship Amendment Act protests in India started in December 2019 against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, which was passed by the parliament on 11 December.
The protests were initiated by the effects of the legislation and related policies on social issues, such as religious discrimination, the cultural impact of illegal immigration into North-East India and later proceeded to include issues of police brutality on protesters and rising authoritarianism.
The ruling right-wing party, the BJP, has implemented a decades-old electoral pledge allowing Hindu, Sikh, Christian, Buddhist, Jain and Parsi refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh to gain citizenship in India on the grounds of religious persecution of these minorities in the three Muslim nations.
The act alongside the proposal for the National Citizenship Register was seen as an attempt at revoking the citizenship of millions of Indian Muslims.
The successful passage of the citizenship act in 2019, led to protests throughout India; the protesters of North-East India oppose all forms of illegal immigration from the said Muslim-majority countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan), whereas protesters throughout the rest of India are concerned about discrimination against Muslims; furthermore, protesters have been concerned about police entering university campuses in relation to the protests by North-East Indians and Muslims.
The protests have been supported by various political parties, human rights groups, civil society groups and students organisations, with the protests spread throughout India.
The protests have seen clashes on university campuses, counter-protests held by opposing student groups and political parties and numerous spontaneous protests.
There were additional protests over incidents of police brutality and misconduct on the campuses of Jawaharlal Nehru University on 5 January, Jamia Millia Islamia on 15 December and in various parts in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Some have also opposed to the exclusion of immigrants from Non-Muslim countries, such as Bhutan, Nepal (see Lhotshampas) and Sri Lanka (see Tamils).
The 2019 Indonesian protests and riots broke out in response to various controversial bill revisions and proposals, particularly surrounding the partial dissolution of power on the country's Corruption Eradication Commission in RUU KPK , and the criminalization of extramarital sex and abortions via RUU RKUHP .
Both bills – along with the few groups demanding better mining and labour operations – incited major protests across the country, primarily in Jakarta and Yogyakarta on the island of Java.
The protests were largely orchestrated by university students and high schoolers; upon the protests' initiation, several universities across the archipelago began cancelling classes in favour of demonstrating against the new law revisions, with lecturers joining the protests.
The 2016–17 Albanian Women's National Championship was the 8th season of the Albanian Women's National Championship, the top Albanian women's league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 2009.
Vllaznia Shkodër secured their fourth league title after an unbeaten season – winning all 18 games whilst scoring 153 and only conceding one goal.
In 1957 he married the Irish painter Anne Donnelly, with whom he had four daughters including the writer Margaret Mazzantini and the actress Giselda Volodi.
Human Resources Development Fund () commonly known by the acronym HRDF is a Malaysian Statutory Body under the Ministry of Human Resources.
The Singapore Council of Women's Organisations (SCWO) is an umbrella organisation founded in 1980 in order to coordinate the efforts of women's groups in Singapore.
The SCWO works in several different areas to represent the interests of women in Singapore and to coordinate the efforts of the various different women's groups it represents.
The SCWO had its roots in the late 1970s, when activists began to feel a need for an umbrella organisation for women's groups in Singapore.
Caroline Lam was one of the first women to suggest creating such an organisation in 1978 and in November of that year, a meeting took place to consider different names.
The first temporary committee was made up of Lam, Julie Tan, Anaman Tan, Seow Peck Leng, Maureen Tan, and Mary Ho.
This group of women created a constitution for the proposed group and sent this to 24 different women's organisations in October of 1979.
She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), and in 1987 became a city councillor in Graz.
Konrad briefly returned to local politics in Graz in 1993 until she succeeded Johanna Dohnal as Federal Minister for Women's Affairs in April 1995 on the government of Franz Vranitzky, remaining in office until the chancellor's resignation in 1997.
From 2000 until 2004 she led a Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe task force against human trafficking, and in 2004 was appointed as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's special representative for the issue.
Pōhā are traditional Māori bags made from southern bull kelp, which are used to carry and store food and fresh water, to propagate live shellfish, and to make clothing and equipment for sports.
The kelp blades have a 'honeycomb' structure, which allows them to be split open, hollowed out (pōhā hau) and inflated into containers.
Pōhā are used to transport food, fresh water, to enclose food within an oven, and to transport and propagate live seafood such as shellfish (including toheroa), sea stars and pāua in a process referred to as whakawhiti kaimoana.
Members of Ngāi Tahu used inflated pōhā to protect their bodies (like a wetsuit) while foraging for seafood, and stories by the iwi indicate that pōhā were used for surfing in a sport called kauai or kaukau.
Koichi started a journal in 1964, and Saegusa published much of her writing there during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Frequent themes include Japan's defeat in World War II, men's view of womanhood, and the collapse of social institutions like villages and families.
Critics of China's treatment of Uyghurs have accused the Chinese government of propagating a policy of sinicization in Xinjiang constituting an ethnocide of Uyghurs.
In particular, they highlight the concentration of Uyghurs in state-sponsored re-education camps, suppression of Uyghur religious practices, and testimonials of alleged human rights abuses.
The modern region came under Chinese rule as a result of the westward expansion of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, which also saw the annexation of Mongolia and Tibet.
After the 1928 assassination of Yang Zengxin, governor of the semi-autonomous Kumul Khanate in east Xinjiang under the Republic of China, Jin Shuren succeeded Yang as governor of the Khanate.
On the death of the Kamul Khan Maqsud Shah in 1930, Jin abolished the Khanate entirely and took control of the region as warlord.
In 1934, the First Turkestan Republic was conquered by warlord Sheng Shicai with the aid of the Soviet Union before Sheng reconciled with the Republic of China in 1942.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, the government sponsored a mass migration of Han Chinese to the region, policies promoting Chinese cultural unity, and policies punishing certain expressions of Uyghur identity.
During this time, militant Uyghur separatist organizations with potential support from the Soviet Union emerged, with the East Turkestan People's Party being the largest in 1968.
In 1997, a police roundup and execution of 30 suspected separatists during Ramadan led to large demonstrations in February 1997 that resulted in the Ghulja incident, a People's Liberation Army (PLA) crackdown that led to at least nine deaths.
In March 1997, a bus bomb killed two people with responsibility claimed by Uyghur separatists and the Turkey-based Organisation for East Turkistan Freedom.
In July 2009, riots broke out in Xinjiang in response to a violent dispute between Uyghur and Han Chinese workers in a factory and result in over one hundred deaths.
These included the August 2009 syringe attacks, the 2011 bomb-and-knife attack in Hotan, the March 2014 knife attack in the Kunming railway station, the April 2014 bomb-and-knife attack in the Ürümqi railway station, and the May 2014 car-and-bomb attack in an Ürümqi street market.
Not watching state-run television or listening to radio broadcasts, refusing to abide by family planning policies, or refusing to allow one's children to attend state run schools were all prohibited.
At this time, detainment camps were built for the housing of students of the reeducation programs, most of whom are Uyghurs.
The camps tripled in size from 2018 to 2019 despite the Chinese government claiming that most of the detainees had been released.
According to The Guardian, a reporter who visited the eastern region of Qumul in 2017 and learned from local officials that over 200 of the 800 mosques in the region were destroyed and over 500 more were scheduled for demolition in 2018.
However, the majority of the instruction occurs in Mandarin Chinese, with only a few hours a week devoted to Uyghur literature.
Uyghur students are also increasingly being sent to residential schools, keeping them separated from their home communities where they are able to speak Uyghur.
The Uyghur Human Rights Project has identified at least 386 Uyghur intellectuals detained and disappeared since early 2017, victims of the massive campaign of ethno-religious repression carried out by the Chinese government in the Uyghur homeland.
According to Radio Free Asia, the Chinese government jailed Uyghur imam Abduheber Ahmet after he took his son to a religious school not sanctioned by the Chinese state.
According to gender studies expert Leta Hong Fincher, the Chinese government has offered Uyghur couples incentives to have fewer children, and for women to marry outside of their race.
I couldn't move at all, and my back was in terrible pain...They made people wear this thing to break their spirits.
Zumrat Dwut, a Uyghur woman, claimed that she was forcibly sterilized during her time in a camp before her husband was able to get her out through requests to Pakistani diplomats.
The Heritage Foundation reported that officials forced Uyghur women to take unknown drugs and drink some kind of white liquid that caused them to lose consciousness and sometimes to stop menstruating.
He says detainees were forced to memorize a list of what he calls '126 lies' about religion: 'Religion is opium, religion is bad, you must believe in no religion, you must believe in the Communist Party,' he remembers.
Tahir Hamut, a Uyghur Muslim, worked in a labor camp during elementary school as a child, and later in a reeducation camp as an adult, performing such tasks as picking cotton, shoveling gravel, and making bricks.
Organ harvesting from Uyghur prisoners dropped off by 1999 with members of the Falun Gong religious group overtaking the Uyghers as a source or organs.
A 37-year-old pregnant woman from the Xinjiang region said that she attempted to give up her Chinese citizenship in order to live in Kazakhstan but was told by the Chinese government that she needed to come back to China in order to complete the process.
According to Yahir Imin, a 38-year-old Uyghur, Chinese authorities in Xinjiang drew blood, scanned his face, recorded his fingerprints, and documented his voice.
As stated in the article written by Sui-Lee Wee, a key piece in China's strategy is to collect genetic material from millions of people in the Xinjiang region.
China has been exploring the use of facial recognition technology to sort people by ethnicity and how to use DNA to tell if an individual is a Uyghur.
The ministry of Public Security has invested billions of dollars into two main government plans: the Skynet project (天网工程) and the Sharp Eyes project (雪亮工程).
Documents from within the lab showed that the lab was supported by software created by Thermo Fisher Scientific, a Massachusetts company.
Security officials have ordered residents in China's Northwest region to install GPS tracking devices in their vehicles so authorities can track their movements.
Installment of China-made Beidou satellite navigation systems will be required beginning February 20, 2020 for all private, secondhand, and government vehicles.
Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and many others all signed a UN document defending China's human rights record.
A spokersperson for the Turkish Foreign Ministry criticized the camps, but Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan later defended China during his visit there.
Iraq and Iran have also remained silent while Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkey have been accused of deporting Uyghurs to China.
According to Human Rights Watch News, twenty-two countries issued a combined statement that called upon China to end its mass violations against the Uyghur community in the Xinjiang autonomous region in China's Northwest.
In the joint statement, countries stated their concerns regarding the surveillance, detention, and other ethical violations against the Uyghur and Muslim community in Xinjiang.
Countries that have contributed to this statement include: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
They were among the 37 nations to formally declare their support of the Xinjiang camps in China in a letter to the UN.
The prime minister of New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern, visited Beijing after Christchurch mosque shootings and discussed Xinjiang privately with Xi Jinping.
The lack of concern was backed by the fact that New Zealand exports many products to China, including milk, meat, and wine.
In addition to signing a joint statement regarding ethical violations affecting the Uyghur community in Xinjiang, countries such as Germany and Norway have taken further steps to express their opinions on this issue.
Alexandre Obertelli (born 10 April 1978 in Paris) is a French experimental nuclear physicist and Alexander von Humboldt Professor of Experimental Nuclear Structure Physics at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
He earned a PhD in Nuclear Physics in 2005 (La fermeture de sous-couche N=16) from the Institute of research into the fundamental laws of the Universe (IRFU) of the Fundamental Research Division of the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre.
He is a member of the User Executive Committee of the Radioactive Isotopes Beam Factory (RIBF) of Riken and co-spokesperson of the SEASTAR Collaboration.
In 2018 he became a member of the scientific council of the R3B (Reactions with relativistic radioactive rays) project group at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt.
He is a member of the scientific steering committees of the Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL) and the Institute of Nuclear Physics (IPN) in Orsay.
The vertex tracker MINOS, a target container made of liquid hydrogen with a compact time projection chamber, was developed for this purpose.
He is the speaker of the PUMA (antiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation) experiment, in which neutron skins and halos around neutron-rich medium-heavy nuclei (as an example of low-density neutron matter) are studied with antiprotons.
A year later, he received the Alexander von Humboldt Professorship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the highest endowed research award in Germany with a grant of five million euros.
Each creature is described in a two-page spread that includes an illustration, a map of where the creature lurks, and game statistics.
Be Up a Hello is the fifteenth studio album by British electronic musician Squarepusher, released through Warp Records on 31 January 2020.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Libya is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Libya, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the State of Libya and as delegate and point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Libya and the pope.
The Vatican established the position of Delegate to North Africa in 1965; John Gordon held that post until 19 August 1967.
When he added the title Pro-Nuncio to Morocco on 5 March 1976, his role as Delegate to North Africa was left with responsibility for Libya alone and he became Delegate to Libya.
The Dr. Raymond Babcock House, at 96 S. Humboldt St. in Willits, California, in Mendocino County, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
It is a two-story, wood frame house which was built by Roy Whited, who designed and built many houses in Willits.
A redwood frame called the Babcock Bell Tower, designed and built by Dr. and Mrs. Babcock in 1945, supports an assortment of town, school, locomotive, ship and team bells, almost all from Mendocino County.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Contemporary Hair Styling in a Motion Picture Made for Television or Special is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
Before being singled out, television films and specials were nominated alongside miniseries in the category Best Contemporary Hair Styling in a Television Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.
The Conference on the Future of Europe is a political body of the European Commission and the European Parliament, announced in the end of 2019, and since then being prepared to determine new agreements, or amendments to the existing ones, on the future of European democracy during 2020–2022.
The Conference consists of the Parliament, the Council and the Commission and is tasked to draft new EU laws and changes to the EU treaties.
The usual way of involving citizens in the EU is that of opinion surveys, citizens' consultations, talks (dialogues, debates) and, since 2012, accepting petitions with proposals.
Followed by a final pan-European one in Brussels, with participants from all the cities that had organised a debate, and with the participation of the President of the Commission, the Commissioners and representatives of the European Parliament and with national and local politicians.
Whereas Šuica is primarily tasked with the preparation of the Conference in collaboration with the European Parliament, Jourová is designated to represent the Commission at the Conference.
Šefčovič's main responsibility lies in the follow-up on the results of the Conference, which shall be undertaken jointly with the European Council, the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament.
On 16 October 2019, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament decided to set up a Working Group on the Conference on the Future of Europe.
The Working Group is composed of one representative per political group in the European Parliament and one representative from the Committee on Constitutional Affairs (AFCO), however, some in the Working Group are also in the AFCO.
In parallel to the sessions of the Working Group on the Future of Europe, the Committee on Constitutional Affairs (AFCO) is in a process of deliberation.
In November 2019, the Committee on Constitutional Affairs (AFCO) began their debate on how to shape the structure and scope of the Conference.
On the involvement of citizens, some have underlined that the criteria for selection would be important in ensuring inclusive participation in respect of diversity and gender balance.
The Franco-German announcement, on the 26 November 2019, of the Conference on the Future of Europe has led to more widespread media coverage on the topic.
From 2020 to 2022, debates will begin first on the democratic functioning of the EU and then on all other controversial topics.
Given the difficulties of securing approval, it is possible that Europe’s future does not lie in a general treaty change but, instead, in ... treaties between subsets of E.U.
The mountain was named for the ibex, as part of the ungulate theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of Vancouver.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Ibex Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Over the run of the series, several drama CD adaptations have been released, and by 2018, 1.4 million physical copies of the series have been sold.
Takashi Nemugasa is a student at an elite high school, but he is at risk of losing his scholarship due to his grades.
He decides to cheat on his test, but he is caught by the school's womanizing playboy, Hideyuki Maya, who blackmails him into having a sexual relationship in exchange for not reporting him.
Over time, Maya discovers he is attracted to Nemugasa and does his best to support him, while Nemugasa slowly realizes that he may return Maya's feelings for him as well.
The third drama CD was released on November 28, 2018, with a special track included in the first press limited edition.
She became a member of the Japan Art Academy in 1980, and won their award for the literary arts in 1981.
While Shibaki wrote frequently about childhood and nostalgic topics during her early career, during the 1950s she began writing about prostitutes.
She was inspired by media coverage of activists like Taiko Hirabayashi and Ichiko Kamichika, who were working to pass the Prostitution Prevention Law.
Angela, Blade, Spider-Woman, Wiccan, the Winter Soldier, Monica Rambeau, and Daimon Hellstrom join forces for a monsterrific bloodbath from the dark mind of rising star Tini Howard.
The Empire Hotel, Kandy or Olde Empire Hotel, is a small two-storey heritage hotel located on Temple Road in the Kandy city centre.
The hotel is located opposite the park/garden (Mahamaluwa) of the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), adjacent to Queens Hotel and the former Kandy court complex.
The hotel was opened on 27 December 1898 by Porolis C. Fernando and it has been operated by the Fernando family ever since.
In 1998 it was designated as a 'Conserved Building' by the UNESCO as part of the listing of Kandy as a World Heritage City.
The Victorian-style building, features three white stone arches on the ground floor, with an open verandah and cast iron balustrades on the first floor, supported by four stone doric columns, and a half round tile roof.
The upstairs verandah commands a view over Kandy Lake and provides a viewing platform for guests to watch the Kandy Esala Perahera.
The hotel was used as a pub in the 1940s/50s but was converted by the owners into a guest house/budget hotel in the 1970s.
In January 2014 Manor House Concepts took over the lower floor of the building and renovated the two downstairs dinning rooms into a single café, fronting Temple Street.
Rachael Emily Poole (née 'Mallerson; June 13, 1860, London -- April 9, 1937, Oxford) was an historian of portraiture, with a particular focus on miniatures, active in the United Kingdom.
She published articles on portraitists active in Tudor England, such as Marcus Gheeraerts (both the Elder and the Younger), who came to England from the Netherlands, as well as seventeenth-century sculptor Edward Pierce.
She played an active, if voluntary, role in the life of Oxford University, and beyond her research efforts, was a founding member of the Bach Choir and served on the council of the Association for Promoting the Education of Women at Oxford.
For her academic work, she was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1926 and received an honorary MA from Oxford in 1932.
Johnson, her mother, grandmother, and two sisters eventually moved to Calumet City, Illinois, a Chicagoland suburb and stayed there until she was 19.
When she decided to drop out of high school at the age of 16 to pursue music her mother discouraged her.
In May 2017 she went back to college to pursue her medical degree is currently a 2019 graduate of a community based nursing program.
After her first release, BLVSH signed a management deal with World Top Records, an independent label on the East Coast of the United States.
Boy Girl Dog Cat Mouse Cheese is an animated television series for the BBC that premiered on CBBC on 31 October 2019.
The series was developed from an original concept by Jeff Harter, and is a co-production between Cloudco Entertainment, WatchNext Media, and Kavaleer Productions.
The show centers around a boy, a girl, a dog, a cat, a mouse, and a piece of cheese, all respectively named after what they are, who are living together as a dysfunctional family.
Domenico De Luca (2 January 1928 – 16 September 2006) was a Tunisia-born Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served for ten years as Apostolic Nuncio to Morocco.
He entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1957 to prepare for a career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
On 22 May 1993, Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Archbishop of Teglata in Numidia and Apostolic Nuncio to Morocco.
At nine-years old, he relocated with his family to the Dominican Republic where his parents continued their mission for a full decade from 1998 to 2008.
He learned the guitar and began singing there, developed a fluency in Spanish and played in the Dominican baseball league for a year.
He went on to graduate with a degree in interdisciplinary studies in 2013, and found a job at a local media production company, at the same time pursuing his music career with many local gigs that built some popularity for him.
Valerie Purdie Greenaway, who has also published under the surnames Purdie-Vaughns and Purdie, is an American social psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Columbia University.
After finishing at Columbia in 1993, she spent a few years working at the I Have A Dream Foundation, where she worked on summer camp programs and mentoring for underserved third grade students.
An interest in better tracking her students' progress led her back towards psychology, and she spent three years working as the lab manager for Geraldine Downey.
She then started a position at Columbia University, eventually becoming an associate professor and director of a laboratory group in the psychology department in 2014.
She served as core faculty for the Robert Wood Johnson Health & Society Scholars Program, which was discontinued in February 2017.
Purdie Greenaway's laboratory group uses an interdisciplinary approach to study a wide range of topics that assess how social groups and human behavior interact.
Purdie Greenaway and Eibach wanted to move away from the notion that one group suffers more than others and instead gain a better understanding of how an individual's identities interact to inform their whole experience.
Researchers conducted five studies to determine how salience to stereotypes might affect visual processing for their sample of both police officers and civilians.
The concept of rejection sensitivity was developed by another team of researchers to indicate how rejection can influence an individual's relationships with others.
Purdie Greenaway and her colleagues looked at this cognitive process as it relates to African Americans attending predominantly White educational institutions.
The RS–Race Questionnaire (RSQ–Race) for African Americans has subsequently been used in other psychological literature as a measure of racial expectations and beliefs.
Silver Run Creek rises on the Robbins Branch (Hannahs Creek) divide on the west side of Brush Mountain in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Silver Run Creek drains of area, receives about 46.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 362.51 and is about 72% forested.
Tayasu Tsuyoshi (Japanese: タヤスツヨシ, foaled April 26th, 1992) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 1995 Tokyo Yūshun.
He finished out his career quietly in 1995 with 5th and 7th place finishes at the Kobe Shimbun Hai and the Kyoto Shimbun Hai.
He was born in Eure in northern France, and members of the family remained within the area for over a century.
The five sons of Louis François and Jacquette Pauline Hélène d’Aure held various positions within politics and the military, with two of them joining the Chamber of Deputies and one becoming Minister of Finance.
The children of the Passy siblings carried on the political and military connection, becoming Deputies or marrying into influential aristocratic families.
He was elected Deputy in Eure from 1837 until 1848, and worked within the Ministry of the Interior while his brother Hippolyte was a minister.
He first ran for office as an Independent Liberal in 1863, and was elected Deputy of Eure from 1871 until 1913 as a Moderate Liberal.
Frédéric Passy (20 May 1822 – 12 June 1912) was the only son of Justin Félix Passy and Marie Louise Pauline Salleron.
Frédéric was a founding member of several peace societies, and in 1901 was awarded half of the first Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.
Alongside his peace work, he was Deputy for the 8th arrondissement of Paris, and was a member of the Legion of Honour.
Their daughter, Mathilde Paulian, climbed over the railings of the Eiffel Tower observation deck in February 1912 and fell to her death.
The Adventures of Paddington is an animated television series co-produced by StudioCanal and Heyday Films in France and the UK respectively.
The series currently airs on Nickelodeon through its weekday morning block, Nick Jr., in the United States starting in December 2019.
The show centers on a younger Paddington as he writes letters to his Aunt Lucy celebrating the new things he's discovered throughout the day.
The artists/climbers, also including Greg Pickard, Paul Pellicoro, Jack Bashkow, Gianfranco Mantegna, Tony Sapp, Anthony Seidenberg, Janet Applegate and peace activist Ruth Russell, were arrested.
Billed as a Joseph Beuys and John Halpern Collaboration, Beuys led Halpern through the exhibition as he personally narrated and installed his artwork.
The 30 minute film, about saving a 1960s Pop Art house they designed from demolition, followed the house being moved 200 miles by barge from Big Island, New Jersey to Manhattan.
Stewart Freeborn Hancock Jr. (February 2, 1923–February 11, 2014) was a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state of New York, from 1986 to 1993.
degree in 1945 from the United States Naval Academy and was an active duty member of the United States Navy for three-and-a-half years.
On January 8, 1986, Governor Mario Cuomo appointed Hancock to a seat on the Court of Appeals vacated by Judge Matthew Jasen; Hancock was one of three Republican judges appointed to the court by Cuomo, a Democrat.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Special Make-Up Effects in a Motion Picture Made for Television or Special is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
In previous ceremonies, television films and specials were placed alongside miniseries, but this was changed in 2019, when miniseries nominees were placed alongside continuing series, while television films and specials were given this category.
Aranxa Jesús Vega Gaviria (born 26 August 1997) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a left back for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
Yoko Mori (森瑤子) (November 4, 1940 July 6, 1993) was a Japanese novelist, essayist, and translator who was known for writing popular romantic fiction.
She studied violin, and enjoyed Western films and novels, especially the works of Francois Sagan, who her works were later compared with.
There were very rarely happy endings, and after their affairs the protagonists typically found themselves in the same position as when the story began.
Her popularity came from an excellent understanding of social conditions in Japan during the 1980s, and she used that to write stories that fulfilled women's fantasies.
Hannahs Creek forms at the confluence of South and North Prong Hannahs Creek at the south end of the Birkhead Mountain Wilderness in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Hannahs Creek drains of area, receives about 47.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 334.41 and is about 91% forested.
In graph theory, the hypergraph removal lemma states that when a hypergraph contains few copies of a given sub-hypergraph, then all of the copies can be eliminated by removing a small number of hyperedges.
The hypergraph removal lemma states that for any formula_4, there exists formula_5 such that the following is true: if formula_6 is any formula_7-vertex formula_2-regular hypergraph with at most formula_9 subgraphs isomorphic to formula_1, then it is possible to eliminate all copies of formula_1 from formula_6 by removing at most formula_13 hyperedges from formula_6.
An equivalent formulation is that, for any graph formula_6 with formula_16 copies of formula_1, we can eliminate all copies of formula_1 from formula_6 by removing formula_20 hyperedges.
We prove a hypergraph version of Szemerédi's regularity lemma (partition hypergraphs into pseudorandom blocks) and a counting lemma (estimate the number of hypergraphs in an appropriate pseudorandom block).
However, for formula_21, if we simply regulate formula_22-hyperedges using only 1-hyperedge, we will lose information of all formula_23-hyperedges in the middle where formula_24, and fail to find a counting lemma.
To gain more control of the formula_25-hyperedges, we can go a level deeper and partition on formula_28-hyperedges to regulate them, etc.
We then subsequently define a regular partition as a partition in which the triples of parts that are not regular constitute at most an formula_40 fraction of all triples of parts in the partition.
The high level idea of the proof is that, we construct a hypergraph from a subset without any length formula_22 arithmetic progression, then use graph removal lemma to show that this graph cannot have too many hyperedges, which in turn shows that the original subset cannot be too big.
Clearly, if formula_54 doesn't have length formula_22 arithmetic progression in formula_58, it also doesn't have length formula_22 arithmetic progression in formula_55.
We will construct a formula_22-partite formula_25-regular hypergraph formula_6 from formula_54 with parts formula_65, all of which are formula_66 element vertex sets indexed by formula_55.
For each formula_68, we add a hyperedge among vertices formula_69 if and only if formula_70 Let formula_1 be the complete formula_22-partite formula_25-regular hypergraph.
Thus, for each hyperedge formula_69, we can find a unique copy of formula_1 that this edge lies in by finding formula_88.
Since every hyperedge of formula_6 is in a unique copy of formula_1, to eliminate all copies of formula_1 in formula_6, we need to remove at least formula_99 edges.
This method usually does not give a good quantitative bound, since the hidden constants in hypergraph removal lemma involves the inverse Ackermann function.
The Vermont Council on Rural Development is a non-profit, state rural development council that combines public and private resources to fund programs that improve the rural communities of Vermont, a largely rural state.
The series, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro and produced by Aaron Spelling, revolves around the Carringtons, a wealthy family residing in Denver, Colorado.
In a money-saving move, Evans appeared in only six episodes early in the season as an ailing Krystle seeks brain surgery in Switzerland but is left in an offscreen coma.
A storyline involving a murder and an old secret tying the Carrington, Colby, and Dexter families together spanned the season as Alexis and Sable sparred first over business and then over Dex.
She has starred in over 60 films and television shows since 1997, being nominated for her acting on 15 different occasions.
She has received two lifetime achievement awards for her film and TV career: one in Mexico and one in Spain; in Mexico she was the first woman to receive such an award.
Mill Creek rises in a pond on the Walkers Creek divide about 5 miles west-northwest of Pisgah, North Carolina in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Mill Creek drains of area, receives about 47.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 324.17 and is about 69% forested.
He studied at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor where he received his BA and was a two-time letterwinner in wrestling.
Olabisi's first feature film August the First (2007) had its world premiere at the South by Southwest (SXSW) film festival and later released on Netflix and DVD.
His second feature film Somewhere in the Middle (2015) premiered at the Atlanta Film Festival and was nominated for a Black Reel Award.
Breed of the West is a 1930 American western film directed by Alan James, starring Hal Taliaferro, Virginia Brown Faire, and Buzz Barton.
Wally Weldon works as a ranch hand on Colonel Jim Sterner's ranch, reporting in to Longrope Wheeler, the foreman, and someone who Sterner trusts implicitly.
One day while out on the range, Weldon comes across Jim Bradley, a young man who Weldon learns is searching for his father.
Taking pity on the youth, he brings him back to the ranch, where he knows there's an opening as a cook's helper.
In jail the cook admits to shooting Bradley, and also tells the sheriff that he knows that Longrope was the man who murdered a cattle association representative.
In early October the release date got pushed back to October 30, and finally pushed back again to November 12, which was the actual release date.
In an interview with i-D magazine in 2018, Hale recalled being sensitive to things that other kids weren’t, like light and sound, but said that without a proper diagnosis, she had no idea why.
The elegant lucine is a filter feeder, straining plankton and other nutrients from sea water that it pumps through its body.
The bacteria are bathed in the sea water pumping through the gills of the animal from which they obtain sulfides and oxygen.
It depicts a young man from the Comanche Nation utilizing a war on horseback technique, where he can flexibly drop his body to the side of the horse while riding it, effectively dodging enemies.
According to the annotated notes of the show, displayed in HBO's website, and written in-universe by FBI Agent Dale Petey (played by Dustin Ingram), the painting was given to Crawford by Senator Joe Keene, who wrote the Keene Act, which banned costumed vigilantes except when sanctioned by the U.S. government, setting forth the events of the graphic novel.
Her protagonists often long for the kind of love where they can feel protected and understood, but still have freedom and self-determination.
Harada's style has been compared to Francois Sagan, but though she has more courage when writing difficult scenes, he has a better way with words.
The series, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro and produced by Aaron Spelling, revolves around the Carringtons, a wealthy family residing in Denver, Colorado.
Matthew, returned from the dead but troubled by headaches, holds the Carringtons hostage in hopes that Krystle will run away with him.
She later marries him, not realizing that he is the son of deceased Carrington majordomo Joseph Anders, bent on revenge on behalf of his father and sister, Kirby.
Sean begins to manipulate and destroy the Carringtons from the inside, and he fights Dex to the death in the March 30, 1988 season finale.
Sánchez signed with the Tampa Bay Rays as an international free agent on July 15, 2013 for a $65,000 signing bonus.
He went 1–3 with a 7.77 ERA over 22 innings in 2014, 2–1 with a 3.54 ERA over innings in 2015, and 5–3 with a 3.06 ERA over innings in 2016.
He split the 2018 season between Princeton and the Hudson Valley Renegades, going a combined 4–2 with a 4.50 ERA over 52 innings.
Sánchez split the 2019 season between the Bowling Green Hot Rods, Charlotte Stone Crabs, and Durham Bulls, going 4–1 with a 2.26 ERA over innings.
With her husband Arthur Byne (1883-1935), who she married in 1910, she wrote many of the first academic works in English on the architecture and ironwork of Spanish colonial North America.
Both members of the couple were corresponding members of the Hispanic Society of America, and served as curators of architecture and applied arts from 1916 to 1921.
Epstein was a powerful figure with controversial connections to several other prominent figures, and his reported suicide generated numerous theories about the nature and cause of his death.
Gaining traction on social media, the meme speculating that the American financier and convicted sex offender was murdered soon gained widespread prominence.
It is used by individuals on all sides of the political spectrum without agreement on the specific details of Epstein's death.
On August 10, 2019, American financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein was found unresponsive in his Metropolitan Correctional Center jail cell, where he was awaiting trial on new sex trafficking charges.
Due to violations of normal jail procedures on the night of his death, and Epstein's claimed knowledge of compromising information about influential people, his death generated doubt about his apparent suicide and speculation that he was murdered.
Arizona Republican Congressman Paul Gosar shared the meme in a series of 23 tweets where the first letter of each tweet spelled out the phrase.
Australian rapper Matthew Lambert of Hilltop Hoods, after winning the 2019 ARIA Music Award for Best Australian Live Act, included the phrase in his acceptance speech.
Podcast host Joe Rogan and internet personality Tank Sinatra used Instagram to spread the meme to their followers, which in Rogan's case had included Mike Ritland.
Several users on dating apps, such as Tinder and Hinge, have written in their profiles that whether or not a someone accepts the premise of the meme is a relationship deal breaker.
Two beer companies, the Michigan-based Rusted Spoke Brewing Co. and the Californian Tactical OPS Brewing, advertised specialty-branded beers in connection to the meme.
One specific incident saw the meme painted on 7-foot-high boulder and visible to travellers on Washington State Route 9 in Snohomish, causing a bit of controversy in the local community.
Commentators have also suggested that growing distrust of government and the elite played a large factor in its popularity as well.
Amédédjisso made his professional debut for the Togo national football team in a 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification 1-1 tie with Kenya on 18 November 2019.
Since its founding, MTK Global has signed a host of world class fighters, including Tyson Fury, Billy Joe Saunders, Josh Taylor, Carl Frampton, Terry Flanagan, Charlie Edwards, Rocky Fielding, Hughie Fury, Michael Conlan and Paddy Barnes.
MTK Global originally formed as MGM, an acronym for Macklins Gym Marbella, starting out as a boxing gym in Marbella, Spain, in September 2012.
In December 2017, it was announced UFC star Darren Till had signed with the company, marking MTK Global's entry into MMA.
In March 2019, it was announced that MTK Global and Top Rank had signed a multi-year deal that would see MTK's events broadcast exclusively on ESPN platforms in the United States.
In November 2019, it was announced MTK Global had entered a partnership with The Academy of Sports and Education to form the MTK National Boxing and Education Academy, a programme for 16–18 year olds aimed at enabling young people to gain relevant qualifications relating to a career in the sport of boxing, whether that be as a professional boxer, physiotherapist, coach or in sports journalism.
The first academy was opened in London in January 2020, with the goal to roll the programme out across the UK by September.
The tournament will be held across three weight-classes – featherweight, light-welterweight and light-heavyweight – with eight fighters competing in each division and the winners securing a two-year, five-fight contract with MTK Global.
The fights will be aired live on Sky Sports in the United Kingdom and streamed on ESPN+ in the United States.
MTK Global has been criticised in the Irish media for its links to gangland figures, in particular, co-founder Daniel Kinahan, a member of Ireland's notorious Kinahan Cartel.
On 5 February 2016, an alleged associate of the Kinahan Cartel, David Byrne, was shot dead after armed men dressed as Gardaí stormed a boxing weigh-in held at the Regency Hotel in Dublin, Ireland, for an event promoted by MTK Global.
In September 2016, Spanish police raided MGM Marbella in Puerto Banús as part of an international crackdown on the Kinahan Cartel's criminal activities, searching properties in both Spain and Ireland.
One man, Jamie Quinn, said to have worked at the MGM Marbella gym, was arrested at a Spanish airport for the murder of Gary Hutch.
The X17 particle is a hypothetical subatomic particle proposed by Attila Krasznahorkay and his colleagues to explain certain anomalous measurement results.
The particle has been proposed to explain wide angles observed in the trajectory paths of particles produced during a nuclear transition of beryllium-8 atoms and in stable helium atoms.
The X17 particle could be the force carrier for a postulated fifth force, possibly connected with dark matter, and has been described as a protophobic (i.e., ignoring protons) X boson with a mass near .
In 2015, Krasznahorkay and his colleagues at ATOMKI posited the existence of a new, light boson weighing about (34 times heavier than the electron).
In an effort to find a dark photon, the Hungarian team fired protons at thin targets of lithium-7, which created unstable beryllium-8 nuclei that then decayed and produced pairs of electrons and positrons.
proposed that a protophobic X-boson, with a mass of , suppressed couplings to protons relative to neutrons, and electrons at femtometer range, could explain the data.
In November 2019, it was announced by Krasznahorkay that he and his team at ATOMKI had successfully observed the same anomalies in the decay of stable helium atoms as had been observed in beryllium-8, strengthening the case for the existence of the X17 particle.
This was covered in science journalism, focusing largely on the implications that the existence of the X17 particle and a corresponding fifth force would have in the search for dark matter.
The ATOMKI group had claimed to find various other new particles earlier in 2016 but abandoned these claims later, without an explanation of what caused the spurious signals.
The X17 particle is not consistent with the Standard Model, so its existence would need to be explained by another theory.
Towards the end of the decade, Levi's practice shifted to the design on theaters including the Cine Ufa Palace and Teatro Cultura Artistic .
She but was able to audit classes while working at the Seinan University library, and began writing after meeting a group of poets while working at the library.
Toward the end of her career Mori wrote about women's issues and published two biographies, one of Sumako Matsui and another of Yaeko Batchelor.
Downing was born on March 7, 1904 in Washington, D.C. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College and first translated plays by Garson Kanin.
Off the Record revealed in 2019 that Ahn had quit school to focus on her idol life and Iz*One activities and will be home-schooled.
Virginia House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a case argued before the United States Supreme Court in March 18, 2019, in which the Virginia House of Delegates appealed against the decision in 2018 by the district court that 11 of Virginia's voting districts were racially gerrymandered, and thus unconstitutional.
In other words, the court upheld the decision made by a federal district court ruling in June 2018 that 11 state legislative districts were an illegal racial gerrymander.
In 2011, Virginia was subject to Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which prohibited the redistricting process from eliminating districts that were made largely of minority groups to discourage their preferred candidates from taking office.
Delegate Steven Christopher Jones from the Virginia House of Delegates ensured there were 11 voting districts in which 55% of the voters were African American.
On December 22, 2014, in Virginia, 12 voters filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia that the government participated in racial gerrymandering and thus violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
Therefore, the court upheld only one of the districts and dismissed the rest of the case for the district court, allowing the district court to reconsider the constitutionality of the remaining 11 districts.
Eventually, in June 2018, the lower court deemed the 11 districts unconstitutional, concluding that race was a substantial factor in determining the boundaries of the districts.
The Virginia House of Delegates had attempted to place the exact same percentage of African-American voters in each of the districts, claiming that it was necessary to do so in order to comply with federal voting-rights laws.
However, the redrawing of district lines was met with partisan conflicts, as Republicans feared that redrawing the lines would threaten their majority in the House while the Democrats supported an end to Virginia's racial gerrymandering.
Amongst the conflict, the Virginia House of Delegates appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, which agreed to review the case and whether the Virginia House of Delegates had standing to appeal.
The Virginia House of Delegates had filed the appeal independently of Virginia's State Attorney General who claimed the State would not appeal the case.
The plaintiff took the standing that in order to pursue a litigation, the party must be harmed by the resolution of the litigation.
While the State as a primary defendant has standing to litigate, the Virginia House alone is not believed to have standing to litigate.
Justices Thomas, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan, and Gorsuch all voted in favor of rejecting the appeal while Justices Roberts, Breyer, Alito, and Kavanaugh voted to support it.
Ultimately, the Virginia House Republicans were not successful in their appeal which allowed Democrats to become the majority in the Virginia bicameral legislature in the 2019 elections for the first time since 1995.
However, the court decided that the House of Delegates did not demonstrate standing on its own and thus cannot challenge the result of the case in court.
In order to determine whether the House of Delegates had standing, the court had to consider whether the House represented both the state's interests and its own.
Since the attorney general is not tied to the House of Delegates, the House therefore does not have standing to file an appeal on behalf of Virginia.
The House also never indicated that it was representing the State in the District Court, thus the House was only representing its own interests.
In response to the majority opinion of the court, Justice Samuel Alito, backed by the other dissenting judges, stated that the House did in fact have standing because the new redistricting plan would injure the House by affecting who was elected to it.
Along with the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act ensures that citizens are offered equal representation, specifically through the voting process.
The redrawing of state district lines, also known as redistricting, has a tremendous effect in creating more competition amongst future candidates in the state legislature.
Celestino signed with the Houston Astros as an international free agent on July 2, 2015, for a $2.25 million signing bonus.
He split the 2016 season between the DSL Astros and the GCL Astros, hitting a combined .257/.365/.393/.758 with 2 home runs and 19 RBI.
Celestino split the 2018 season between the Tri-City ValleyCats, Corpus Christi Hooks, and the Elizabethton Twins, hitting a combined .287/.341/.406/.747 with 5 home runs and 34 RBI.
Celestino split the 2019 season between the Cedar Rapids Kernels and the Fort Myers Miracle, hitting a combined .277/.349/.410/.759 with 10 home runs and 54 RBI.
Bernard Jacqueline (18 March 1918 – 26 February 2007) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the Roman Curia and served as Nuncio to Burundi and Morocco.
He moved to Rome and served as chaplain of the Lycée Chateaubriand, chaplain of San Luigi dei Francesi parish, and rector of the Saint-Pierre-Fourier chapel from 1951 to 1961.
He then worked in the Roman Curia at the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (CPF) from 1961 to 1973 and then became Under-Secretary of the Secretariat for Non-Christians.
In 1964, during the Second Vatican Council, while responsible for the Far East at the CPF, he gave Yves Congar a very negative assessment of the Vatican's diplomats in the region.
He obtained his doctorate in 1971 from the Sorbonne with a thesis on Episcopacy and Papacy after Saint Bernard of Clairvaux.
He devoted himself to the history of Saint-Lô and the Manche department; he led the Society of Archeology and History of the Manche, a society in which he had maintained a membership since 1937.
Live with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra is the debut live album by Australian electronic duo Flight Facilities with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.
The award prompted controversy from The Australian's Matthew Westwood, The Sydney Morning Herald's Bernard Zuel and Tone Deaf's Greg Moskovitch and amongst the Australian classical community, questioning how an electronic duo were nominated in this category.
It feels like something is potentially wrong with the ARIA system to allow an album whose credentials are clearly in no way classical to win the classical award.
An ARIA representative informed The Australian that the 'creative collaboration' between Flight Facilites and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra met eligibility criteria for the award and the winner was determined by a 'specialist classic music ARIA judging panel'.
He played in the first four games in 2017 before suffering an injury that caused him to miss the rest of the season.
After being named a first team all American and Big Ten Defensive Back of the Year during the 2019 season, Winfield announced that he would forgo his final 2 years of eligibility and declared for the 2020 NFL Draft.
Thirty A Week is a lost 1918 silent film drama directed by Harry Beaumont and starring Tom Moore and sixteen year old ingenue Tallulah Bankhead in one of her first screen appearances.
Thanphuying Poonsapaya Navawongs na Ayudhya (, also spelled Poonsap Noppawong, 12 October 1910 – 23 October 2015) was a Thai educator.
She was a professor at Chulalongkorn University, where she founded the Faculty of Education and was its first dean, and contributed extensively to the development of teacher education and education administration in Thailand.
Her father, Hans Geyer, was a German expatriate jeweller who had frequent contact with the royal ladies in Phayathai Palace; her mother Mrs Chiam was a lady-in-waiting of Suan Sunanda Palace.
At the age of three-and-a-half, her parents presented her to Queen Saovabha Phongsri, who gave her the name Poonsapaya, and placed her under the care of Princess Valaya Alongkorn.
She graduated from the Faculty of Arts and Science at Chulalongkorn University and joined the civil service, before earning a scholarship for a master's degree in education psychology at the University of Michigan.
The government ordered her return, but she decided to join the Free Thai resistance movement as a radio broadcaster assisting the Allies instead.
At the time, the university's teacher training programme was a department under the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (now the Faculty of Arts), teaching a one-year course.
Poonsapaya served as its dean—the first woman in Thailand to hold such a position—until her retirement fourteen years later, after which she continued teaching as professor emeritus.
She and her husband, Mom Luang Chirayu Navawongs, whom she married in 1952, also contributed to various other charitable causes (they had no children).
In 2009, she was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society, and named a National Senior Citizen by the National Older Persons Commission.
Flight for Four is an album by American jazz saxophonist John Carter and trumpeter Bobby Bradford recorded in 1969 and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
Michele Winifred Castagna (1944 – 17 September 2016) was a disability advocate who made a significant contribution to disability services in Alice Springs; for which she received an Order of Australia medal.
In 1952, when boarding at the Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Convent School, Castagna contracted polio and was the first case of polio to be admitted to the Alice Springs Hospital, although an epidemic of the virus would follow, and she was soon transferred to Adelaide by the Royal Flying Doctor Service.
Following her recovery from the virus, Castagna was placed in the 'Somerton Crippled Home' where she would stay for seven years; her only regular visit hear was her grandfather once a fortnight while, due to the expense, her parents were only able to visit every two years.
It was intended that Castagna would remain in care for the rest of her life, she was regularly told that she would die before she turned 30, but, with the intervention of Don Broad, her physiotherapist she was allowed to come back to Central Australia, where her family were now living in Alice Springs to live with them.
Upon returning to Alice Springs Castagna started working at the Sunny Centre (now known as Acacia Hill School), which caters for students with intellectual and physical disabilities.
Castagna spent five years working at the Sunny Centre before being appointed the Coordinator of disability services for the Northern Territory in 1983.
In addition to her coordinator role, Castagna became an Alice Springs Town Council in 1984 and served until 1992, when she decided not to run again.
She was the first alderman with a disability elected and following being an alderman continued to serve on the Council's Access Advisory Committee.
Pyaar Ka Saagar () is a 1961 Indian Hindi-language film starring Meena Kumari, Rajendra Kumar and Madan Puri in lead roles.
The 1962 Texas A&I Javelinas football team was an American football team that represented the Texas College of Arts and Industries (now known as Texas A&M University–Kingsville) as a member of the Lone Star Conference during the 1962 NCAA College Division football season.
In its ninth year under head coach Gil Steinke, the team compiled a 9–0–1 record (6–0–1 against conference opponents), won the Lone Star Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 233 to 64.
She gained popularity through her novel advice show, in which listeners could call in and describe their problems in order to receive her advice in real time.
In the novel, Ochiai establishes that women have the right to decide with whom they decide to be intimate—a radical idea at the time in Japan.
According to the store's website, the store looks at culture through the point of view of children and of women, with a special focus on vegetarianism and organic products.
Ochiai has never been married and is proud of her single status, seeing it as a key way of keeping her independence.
Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute () is a Bangladesh government research institute under the Ministry of Science and Technology that engages in oceanographic research.
Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute was established in 2015 after the passage of the Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute Act, 2015 in parliament.
His mother died when he was young, and he and his father eventually settled in the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County, California.
During World War II, like many Japanese Americans, he and his family were imprisoned at Manzanar, a concentration camp in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains.
This along with his need to create deep and well thought out characters has pushed him into telling stories that show a positive or negative shift in the psychological state of his characters.
The Golden Griffins, led by 4th-year head coach Reggie Witherspoon, play their home games at the Koessler Athletic Center in Buffalo, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
The Golden Griffins finished the 2018–19 season 15–17 overall, 11–7 in MAAC play to finish in a four-way tie for second place.
One notable person from Oletha is Gib Lewis, the first person to be elected five times as Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives.
Bosworth's plan was notable for rejecting the prevailing conventions of separated buildings and retreat from the urban area, as was found in other new American campuses.
Bosworth had planned to install a three-story-high statue of Minerva at the center of the court, but funds for this embellishment were never appropriated.
Today, Killian Court is the site of the annual Commencement ceremony, and is otherwise used for studying, relaxing, and playing Frisbee games in good weather.
The friezes of the marble-clad buildings surrounding Killian Court are carved in large Roman letters with the names of Aristotle, Newton, Franklin, Pastevr, Lavoisier, Faraday, Archimedes, da Vinci, Darwin, and Copernicvs; each of these names is surmounted by a cluster of appropriately related names in smaller letters.
Lavoisier, for example, is placed in the company of Boyle, Cavendish, Priestley, Dalton, Gay Lvssac, Berzelivs, Woehler, Liebig, Bvnsen, Mendelejeff [sic], Perkin, and van't Hoff.
After the partition of state of Bihar into two states Bihar and Jharkahnd on 14 November 2000, BJP won the Chatra seat twice.
Then again in year 2009 assembly election Janardan Paswan got the mandate of people of Chatra on the ticket of RJD, and served his second tenure as MLA in Jharkhand legislative assembly.
He was a prominent face of Rashtriya Janata Dal in Jharkhand state and best known for his good and close relation with RJD supremo Lalu Prasad Yadav.
The event celebrates surfing and coastal culture in the state, and launches with a party featuring live music and in some years, screenings of surfing movies.
The 2019 major prize was awarded to Laura Wills for an illustrated, mixed media work depicting female surfers in the 1920s, including her grandmother.
The exhibition is hosted by the city of Onkaparinga, which appoints a curator and selects works from submissions made by artists working in any medium.
Previously exhibited works have included decorated surfboards and handmade swimsuits through to paintings, drawings and sculptures representing surf, surf culture and the marine environment.
In November 2015, some members of Ghost Security decided to cooperate with government security forces, while others wanted to continue the anti-government stance of its parent organization Anonymous.
The group states that alerting governmental counterterrorist organizations stopped a potential attack in 2015 in Times Square and another in Tunisia.
Abdallat is the only member of Ghost Security Group whose identity is public, and according to articles published in 2015, is its only Muslim member.
González (Gustavo Sánchez Parra), a prisoner with a long sentence, tells the story of Pepe Frituras (Emmanuel Orenday, the most famous dancer in Mexico City who, on a night of revelry, would lose his freedom, ending at the Palacio de Lecumberri, the most dangerous prison in the country.
He was a professor at Chulalongkorn University, mainly teaching Pali and Sanskrit, and later served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts.
Alexander Bodgdanovich Kistiakowsky (Александр Богданович Кистяковский; 13 August 1904 - 22 June 1983) was a Ukrainian ornithologist and a specialist on birdlice.
His contributions to ornithology included ideas on navigation by migrating birds, the mechanics of bird flight, and the publication of several regional avifaunas.
He moved to the US in 1926 and joined Harvard University, heading a department in the Los Alamos atomic laboratory from 1944 to 1945.
At the age of fifteen, he became interested in birds and insects and worked as an assistant at the Zoological Museum of the Kiev Academy of Sciences.
He received several military awards and later learned that this bridge in the south was deliberately made a target for the Germans while a bridge in the north was used by the Soviets to liberate Kiev.
Discovering that his wife had, during the war, sold off his parent's apartment including antique paintings to Germans, along with loss of his manuscripts, he divorced her.
He became a lecturer, was promoted to professor in 1961 and shortly after became head of the zoology department in the Shevchenko University, Kiev.
A Ukrainian patriot, he was not in support of the communist government of the time and therefore did not find favour within the higher ranks of the university or government.
In the 1960s the USSR under Nikita Khruschev was in diplomatic talks with the United States of America and a delegation of American scholars including George Kistiakowsky were due to visit.
The officials did not like the idea of his small apartment filled with books and Alexander was surprised to receive a letter allocating a large three-room apartment.
After boarding a ship at Odessa, he was told that his documents were not in order and the KGB stopped him from travel, and believed that he was going to defect.
In 1981, under Leonid Brezhnev, the travel restrictions were removed and Alexander visited his brother in the United States for three weeks during which time he was also able to meet the ornithologist Ernst Mayr.
His friends found this a difficult proposal and achieved it by sprinkling ashes from the urn onto a big wreath and then placing the wreath in the river while the empty urn was buried in his grave.
He was the son of surgeon Thore Olovson and Lis-Marit Ouchterlony-Olovson and had two younger sisters, Lis-Thoril Olovson and Rajna Olovson.
After studying at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm 1955-59, Olovson visited Florence and Rome before settling in Paris where he first occupied a studio in La Cité Universitaire thanks to a scholarship.
From 1959 onwards he remained in Paris, renting studios in the 14th and 15th arrondissements, with the last being located at 64 rue Saint Charles.
Olovson let human passions and the beauty of nature inspire and invigorate his work and produced over 200 original sculpture artworks and a large collection of lithographs, etchings and drawings up until his death in 2017.
Olovson was commissioned for sculpted portraits in bronze of over 90 personalities including H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, H.R.H.
Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, Pope Johannes Paulus II, French presidents Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou and Jacques Chirac, wine legend Baron Philippe de Rothschild, Swedish industrialists and businessmen Jakob Wallenberg, Peter Wallenberg, Peder Wallenberg-Sager, Jonas af Jochnick, Adolf Lundin and Bo Hjelt.
In 2019 six of Olovson's bronze sculptures were exhibited in the Garden of Love at Château de Cheverny in the Loire Valley in France.
A & F Harvey Brothers, first Spinning Cotton Mill, established by Scottish brothers Andrew Harvey and Frank Harvey, in the year 1880.
Somewhere in the Middle is a romantic drama written and directed by Lanre Olabisi, starring Cassandra Freeman, Charles Miller, Marisol Miranda and Luisa Ward.
The film was created through a year long improvisational process in which the actors and director collaborated to create the ensemble piece.
The film begins as Sophia tries to leave her romantic failures behind by starting a new relationship with Kofi, who she meets in a chance encounter.
Once the general characters and plot had been developed, Olabisi gathered the material from the improvisations and wrote a screenplay from them over the next six months.
The film went on to screen at the Boston International Film Festival on April 18 2015, the Urbanworld Film Festival on September 23, 2015, the Tallgrass International Film Festival on October 14, 2015, and the Bahamas International Film Festival in December 2015.
The Gaels, led by 10th-year head coach Tim Cluess, play their home games at the Hynes Athletic Center in New Rochelle, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
They earned the MAAC's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Tournament, receiving a 16 seed in the Midwest region, facing No.
Meltwater from unnamed glaciers on its north slopes and precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Kwoiek Creek and Log Creek, both tributaries of the Fraser River.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
During his pro club career, Jarić played in the top-tier league of the former SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav First Federal League.
At the Yugoslav national level, Jarić won the Yugoslav First Federal League championship of the 1972–73 season, and the Yugoslav Cup title, in 1976, with Radnički Belgrade.
With Šibenka, where he was a teammate of Dražen Petrović, Jarić also won the Yugoslav First Federal League championship of the 1982–83 season.
On the European-wide level, in Europe's premier level competition, the FIBA European Champions Cup (EuroLeague)'s 1973–74 season, Jarić led Radnički Belgrade to the competition's semifinals.
In Europe's secondary level FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup (FIBA Saporta Cup)'s 1976–77 season, Jarić was the top scorer of the competition's finals.
As a member of Šibenka, Jarić played in the finals of Europe's third-tier level competition, the FIBA Korać Cup, in both the 1981–82 season, and the 1982–83 season.
Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way is a book edited by Katharine Birbalsingh, head of Michaela Community School in Wembley, and published by John Catt Educational in 2016.
Self Determination Music is an album by American jazz saxophonist John Carter and trumpeter Bobby Bradford released by the Flying Dutchman label in 1970.
King of the Stallions is a 1942 American Western film directed by Edward Finney and written by Arthur St. Claire and Sherman L. Lowe.
Punge is flanked by Mawai in the west, Sorbung in the south, Kangpat in the east and Sorde in the north.
According to 2011 census, Punge has 33 households with the total of 220 people of which 110 are male and 110 are female.
The average sex ratio of the village is 1000 female to 1000 male which is higher than the state average of 985.
A remote area, the village has a relatively poor transport system and bad road condition, and the inhabitants suffer most during the rainy season because of frequent landslides.
Muhammad Nur Ikhmal bin Damit (born 5 March 1993) is a Bruneian footballer who plays for Indera SC of the Brunei Super League and also the Brunei national football team as a midfielder.
One of the most stalwart players to have ever worn the yellow jersey, Ikhmal is a regular for the Wasps in all age categories.
He debuted with the team at the September 2012 Brunei Darussalam National Games and won gold, scoring the winner against Brunei-Muara district in the semi-final.
Ikhmal played in the first ever game of the Brunei Super League, a 2–1 victory against MS PDB on 14 December 2012.
He made six further league appearances that season, finishing in second place and losing out to Indera FC via goal difference.
After taking a sabbatical from the 2014 Brunei Super League, Ikhmal reappeared for the army's National Games squad and won his second gold medal in the football category.
Ikhmal played in the final of the 2014-15 Brunei FA Cup on 4 January 2015 and was victorious on the night with a 2–0 scoreline over Najip FC.
Although he was registered with MS ABDB for the 2015 season, his commitments for the national team restricted his playing time and by the second half of the season he transferred to defending champions Indera SC.
Ikhmal's new team eventually finished second in the league, then competed against the new champions MS ABDB in the final of the 2015 FA Cup.
Ikhmal started the match and scored in injury time against his former team but it was scant consolation as the Armymen won 3–2 in the end.
Ikhmal received a third FA Cup winner's medal after Indera's 2–0 win over MS PDB in the final of the 2017-18 FA Cup on 1 April 2018.
Ikhmal has represented Brunei since 2010 when he was sent to South Korea for the 38th Asian Schools Football Championship (which ultimately Brunei could not participate after their arrival due to the country's suspension from FIFA).
He was in contention for a place in the team for the December 2013 SEA Games held in Myanmar and featured in a friendly against Indonesia U23 the previous August, but was not selected.
Ikhmal became an integral player for the under-23s in 2015, featuring in all three games at the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualifying held in Indonesia in March.
Ikhmal was called up to the senior squad for the 2016 AFF Championship qualification matches on October in Cambodia, as well as the 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup in Malaysia the following month.
Picking up an injury in that game, he then made only one substitute appearance at the inaugural Solidarity Cup, with the Wasps finishing fourth at the end of the AFC-sanctioned tournament.
The following year, Ikhmal joined up with the national team under Stephen Ng Heng Seng for the 2017 Aceh World Solidarity Tsunami Cup.
Ikhmal was selected for the 2018 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy as one of the three overage players allowed for the under-21 tournament, along with Yura Indera Putera Yunos and Razimie Ramlli.
Ikhmal played all three group matches but only clocked 180 minutes - he was a second-half substitute in the first game and was taken off after half time in the last game.
Ikhmal accepted a callup by the national team for the two-legged 2022 World Cup qualification matches against Mongolia in June 2019.
He did not see playing time as Robbie Servais preferred Yura Indera Putera Yunos and Shah Razen Said in the central midfield roles.
Later that year Ikhmal was selected as one of two overage players in the Brunei under-22 squad for the 2019 Southeast Asian Games.
University Clinical Hospital in Białystok () is a university hospital and the largest medical facility in Podlaskie Voivodeship, a province located in north-eastern Poland.
has 26 clinics with 836 beds, where over 36,000 are treated annually.There are also 30 Specialist Outpatient Facilities within the hospital.
The decision to build the University Clinical Hospital (formerly the State Clinical Hospital, () was made in 1955 during the jubilee celebrations of the fifth anniversary of the Medical University of Bialystok.
It adapted the existing project (among others, on the basis of which voivodship hospitals in Warsaw and Lublin were built) for the needs of the Białystok hospital.
The project was not modern and did not fully meet the needs of the clinical hospital, but provided a shortening of construction by three years.
It had about 750 beds (in that period all other Bialystok hospitals together had 800 beds) and employed about 1,000 people.
In 2018, at the hospital ended seven years modernization program, financed from the state budget, thorough reconstruction and modernization (cost PLN 500 million).
Dilani Perera Abeywardana (born October 29, 1970 as ) [Sinhala]), is a retired actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television.
Julie Hawkes (née Lamb; born 1948 in New Zealand) is a squash player who represented Hong Kong through the majority of her career.
She completed her secondary education at Matamata College in 1966, where she won awards in tennis and netball and served as head girl.
She first took up squash while studying for a degree in physical education at Otago University; she later completed her teachers' training at Auckland Teachers' College.
After moving to Wellington, Hawkes played squash for New Zealand during this time, and was ranked number two on the women's team.
Shortly after her marriage to lawyer and tennis player Richard Hawkes, the family moved to Hong Kong, where she began to represent Hong Kong in international squash tournaments.
Julie and Richard Hawkes have four children, one of whom, Jaclyn Hawkes, is also pursuing a career in squash, though she plays for New Zealand.
In 2014 assembly election he contested on the ticket of Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) from Latehar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) and regain the mandate of people of constituency.
Party leader Babulal Marandi written a letter to election commission to nullify the vote of Prakash Ram as he has voted against the party.
Before 2019 Jharkahnd state assembly election he left Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) and join Bharatiya Janata Party, and will contest on the ticket of BJP from Latehar.
The last total solar eclipse visible from Jerusalem occurred on Sunday, August 20, 993, and the next one will not occur until Sunday, August 8, 2241.
Both the rays and clams densely populate warm, shallow intertidal marine waters, which provide the parasite an opportunistic environment to carry out its life cycle stages.
When it penetrates the electric ray it then loses it tail and becomes a schistosomulum, similar to the life cycle of other schistosomes.
Since both the lesser electric ray and where the cercariae are released is near the swash zone of the beach it can easily transmit and infect the ray.
The serial stars Saniya Shamshad, Yashma Gill, Hira Tareen and Ali Rizvi, and was released in July 2019 on Geo TV Entertainment.
The original soundtrack for Piya Naam Ka Diya is sang and composed by Sahir Ali Bagga while the lyrics are provided by M. Mujtaba Sunny.
The Manchester Schoolhouse, at 19750 California State Route 1 in Manchester, California, was built in 1907, the year after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
He was a brother of Joseph and Carl Demmer and began his artistic career on 13 December 1780 as a choir singer at Cologne Cathedral.
Afterwards he followed Hunnius to Mainz, who united there with the travelling troop of Simon Friedrich Koberwein (1733 - after 1803).
His brother Carl Demmer played the same role at the same time in a production of the Theater an der Wien.
One daughter from Demmer's marriage with Sophie Ernst was the actress and singer Jeanette (actually Johanna) Ziegler née Demmer (1800 in Aachen - 2 July 1878 in Pest), who as Jeanette Demmer or married Jeannette Schmidt-Demmer was a member of the Vienna Court Opera from 1808 to about 1815 and then worked at the Theater in der Josefstadt.
A Telugu version of the song was later produced for the film's dubbed Telugu version, with M. M. Manasi performing the female part instead of Dhee.
Upon release, the song went viral and became very popular; its music video, released on 02 January 2019, featuring the film's lead pair Dhanush and Sai Pallavi, broke several YouTube records, becoming one of the most viewed Indian songs of all-time.
As of January 2020, it is the only South Indian as well as Tamil language video song to garner more than 300 million views on YouTube.
The video see the film's lead pair, Dhanush and Sai Pallavi dancing to the tune in a set at the AVM studios in Chennai.
Besides being the fastest South Indian as well as Tamil language video to reach 100 million views (in 16 days), it was also the first to cross 200 million views.
She is known to be the first black woman of African descent to have travelled to all countries on earth and documented it.
On October 6, she made a public claim on her Instagram page to have arrived at Seychelles, which was the last country on her list.
Although she started travelling at the age of six, after completing college, she worked at a pharmaceutical company for two years, taught English in Japan and worked as a consultant for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation before finally becoming a travel blogger.
She is known to have founded a company called Jet Black, which organises custom itineraries for small group trips in Africa, plus sells travel gear like branded T-shirts and passport covers.
According to a post on her instagram page, she arrived at the 195 country on her list on October 6, which was Seychelles.
Woni Spotts also claims that after completing her 40-year mission earlier in September 2018, she became the first African-American woman to visit 195 countries and territories.
Givosiran, sold under the brand name Givlaari, is for the treatment of adults with acute hepatic porphyria, a genetic disorder resulting in the buildup of toxic porphyrin molecules which are formed during the production of heme (which helps bind oxygen in the blood).
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for givosiran breakthrough therapy designation, priority review designation, and orphan drug designation.
Tunde finds himself at odds with his sister Simisola by failing to tell her that they have a special guest coming over.
The mystery guest is revealed to be Tunde's estranged father Dipo, who has been living in Nigeria for the past 10 years.
As the day progresses, family secrets emerge which alienate the members of Tunde's family, as Dipo's presence causes tensions throughout the family.
Ade, Tunde's eldest brother discovers that Dipo has a secret alternative motive for returning, and sets out to make his father leave for good.
The film was subsequently screened at festivals in other cities, including the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the Sidewalk Film Festival, Harlem International Film Festival, the San Francisco Black Film Festival, and the Urbanworld Film Festival.
The film received largely positive reviews upon its release, with many praising its direction and its depiction of familial relationships and conflicts.
Eucalyptus opimiflora, commonly known as northern silver mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to near-coastal areas of Western Australia between Perth and Geraldton.
It has smooth grey bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, creamy white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruit.
The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are dull green to slightly bluish, elliptical, up to long and wide.
The flower buds are borne in groups of between seven and fifteen on a slightly flattened peduncle long, the individual flowers on pedicels long.
This mallee usually grows on laterite slopes, often in low heath and occurs in near-coastal areas from south of Geraldton to near Cunderdin, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions.
She studied at Hangzhou National College of Art (now China Academy of Art) and then at the Western Art Department of Shanghai Xinhua Art College, where she focused on oil painting.
However, the book was not published at the time as Yin Fu was executed by the Kuomintang in early 1931 along with four others, together known as the Five Martyrs of the League of Left-Wing Writers.
Individualistic and adventuresome by nature, she went to Singapore and then the Philippines, where she taught fine art at a Chinese middle school.
When submitting her cartoon at Time Book Company, she met Ye Qianyu, a prominent artist and editor, and instantly fell in love with him.
According to Ye's memoir, she pursued him without caring about the fact that he was married with children, in the spirit of the romanticism of the 1930s.
They travelled to Beijing by train, where they stayed for a few days, and then decided to go into hiding in Nanjing.
The strip was only published for 25 days, however, before Ye's wife Luo Caiyun and her father tracked him down and forced him to return to Shanghai.
In 1936, she was elected as one of the 31 members of the Arranging Committee of the First National Cartoon Exhibition.
There she created a cartoon depicting a guerrilla fighter standing as a giant in front of the Japanese Army, which is considered her representative work in war propaganda.
In 1938, Liang met Chen Enjie (陈恩杰), a pilot of the Republic of China Air Force, and fell in love with him on the spot.
In Taiwan, she reconnected with Liao Molin (廖末林), another former member of the National Salvation Cartoon Propaganda Corps, and worked at a kiln Liao opened in Tainan.
Kings of Colosseum was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on July 6, 2019 at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois.
In other matches on the undercard, Alexander Hammerstone retained the MLW National Openweight Championship against Kotto Brazil and Myron Reed took on Rey Horus.
On February 18, 2019, MLW.com announced that it would be holding an event in Chicago at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois on July 6.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
At Intimidation Games, Tom Lawlor successfully defended the MLW World Heavyweight Championship against Low Ki in a steel cage match and then Lawlor's former Team Filthy teammate Simon Gotch joined forces with the team of newcomers Jacob Fatu and Josef Samael to attack Lawlor after the match and formed a faction known as Contra Unit.
On June 29, MLW.com announced that a middleweight match would take place between Rey Horus and Myron Reed at Kings of Colosseum.
On July 2, it was announced that Alexander Hammerstone would defend the National Openweight Championship in a Star Sprangled Hammer Challenge at Kings of Colosseum.
The opening match of the event featured Alexander Hammerstone issued an open challenge, putting the National Openweight Championship on the line.
After the match, Hammerstone's The Dynasty teammate Maxwell Jacob Friedman issued a challenge to The Hart Foundation for the World Tag Team Championship.
Near the end of the match, Lawlor avoided a moonsault by Fatu and hit him with some strikes but Fatu superkicked Lawlor and then nailed a pop-up Samoan drop and a double jump moonsault to pin him to win the World Heavyweight Championship.
This led to a War Chamber match pitting Von Erichs, Lawlor and Low Ki against Contra Unit at War Chamber, which Team Von Erichs won.
One bifolium was discovered by Monica Longobardi in Imola, and is held in the Biblioteca Comunale, the municipal library of that town.
The other was included in a group of documents later transferred from the Archivio Notarile di Bologna, a legal archive, to the Archivio di Stato or state archives of Bologna; it was described in 1931 by , who may have removed it from the archives at that time.
His artistic education began in a series of night classes for day laborers, taught by the Italian-born artist, Juan Bianchi (1817-1875) at the Instituto Nacional.
In 1858, he was accepted for the sculpture workshop at the , where his instructor was the French-born sculptor, Auguste François (1800-1876).
In 1867, thanks to a recommendation from Professor Diego Barros Arana, he was granted a scholarship by President José Joaquín Pérez, which enabled him to continue his studies in Europe.
While in Italy, he took time to study; notably with Giuseppe Mancinelli, a friend of the former Director of the in Santiago, Alejandro Ciccarelli.
He also experienced intellectual stimulation, which resulted in work as a writer and chronicler; all devoted to the dissemination of art.
Persuasive speech is one of the three most daily used speeches (the other two types are an informative and a special occasion).
Most people, when they hear this word, will directly think that people are trying to change their perspectives and beliefs into their beliefs.
Persuasive speech can be ethical in a way that the speaker itself seek to gather and analyze all angles of an idea.
Moreover, the speaker will present their ideas in a way that helps people understand why their point of view is correct.
Firstly, the persuasive speech factor there is the use of body language also the speaker's voice to get the attention of the audience, and the good environment to give the speech.
In persuasive writing, the factor is the writer should use the good argument, logical reason and make your readers agree with your thoughts through different research.
Secondly, in persuasive speech audience attention is very important because it is the audience who has to explore the answer from the speaker, the audience should be convinced by their own perspectives and reasons it is not according to speaker reasons.
In persuasive writing, the purpose of persuasive writing is to convince readers to share your opinion or take a particular action.
Lastly, the persuasive speech's success is often measured by the audience's choice and willingness to hear and admire the speaker's argument.
The success of persuasive writing is to ask rhetorical questions to make them think about or include a call to action, in which you ask the reader to do something.
For example, when a child want something from their parents they will automatically use a persuasive speech, and when a friend would like to invite their friends to go out they will also use a persuasive speech.
Persuasive speech is part of the area about persuasion, that's the reason why persuasive speech is important and we need to give attention to the persuasive speech, knowing the advantages and disadvantages of that and apply it not only into our classes but also into our daily lives.
Sorde is flanked by Khamlang in the west, Punge in the south, Kangpat in the east and Phungyar in the north.
According to 2011 census,Sorde has 59 households with the total of 265 people of which 137 are male and 128 are female.
The average sex ratio of the village is 934 female to 1000 male which is lower than the state average of 985.
Being a remote village, the village has a relatively poor transport system and bad road condition, and the inhabitants suffer most during the rainy season because of frequent landslides.
He became Master of the Horse to the French Ambassador, negotiating the Peace of Westphalia at Münster in 1645, and using the opportunity to learn about veterinary practices in Germany.
It also repeated extracts of Newcastle's book on horsemanship, on the grounds that Newcastle's book was hard to find and expensive.
The book engendered controversy in July 2019 when the Institute of National Remembrance hosted Chodakiewicz for a talk about the book at the Warsaw Janusz Kurtyka IPN Educational Center.
According to the book, the key to winning the culture war against LGBTs is to employ the language used by the LGBTs.
In July 2019, the book engendered controversy and propelled Chodakiewicz to fame when the Institute of National Remembrance hosted Chodakiewicz for a talk on the book at the Warsaw Janusz Kurtyka IPN Educational Center.
Chodakiewicz stated that in 1984 his ex-girlfriend Debbie, who was a registered nurse, extracted a hamster smeared in fat from the anus of a gay man.
The IPN, which initially declined to comment, eventually responded to queries saying that Prof. Chodakiewicz's views are not the official position of the IPN.
Chodakiewicz also serves on the council of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk; the museum did not respond to journalists' requests for comments.
The International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) is a medical society devoted to the study of the medicine of human sexuality.
He explained the predominance of the Qur'an and Islamic theological texts in Arabic literary expression in a seminar at Jamal Mohamed College.
Sister Gerard Fernandez (born 1938) is a Roman Catholic nun who is best known for her work as a death row counsellor in Singapore.
In her more than 40 years of work, she worked with 18 inmates on death row, the most notable of which were Catherine Tan Mui Choo and Hoe Kah Hong, the women accomplices of Adrian Lim in the murders of 2 children.
She joined the Good Shepherd Sisters, a Roman Catholic order of nuns at 18, and started her work with her first death row inmate at 36.
Xi Nanhua (; born March 1963) is a Chinese mathematician currently serving as President of the Institute of Mathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dean of the College of Mathematics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
He is now President of the CAS Institute of Mathematics and Systems Sciences and Dean of the College of Mathematics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Despite having made himself known as an actor in the cinema, Sánchez Navarro has appeared on television in recurring roles in several Mexican telenovelas.
The film features newcomers Karthik Kumar and Rithana in lead roles, with J. Livingston, Pandiarajan, Anandaraj, Alex, Kamalesh, Pandu, Shakeela, Nalini, Nithya Ravindran and Sethu Vinayagam playing supporting roles.
The film, produced by N. Vijay Muralee, had musical score by S. P. Venkatesh and was released on 10 October 2003.
In a remote village, the carefree college student Murali (Karthik Kumar) lives with his parents, his sister and his brother-in-law who run a liquor shop.
Thereafter, Pandian and Ramasamy arrange Priya's marriage in a hurry with a poor man belonging to their caste at the village temple.
To support Murali, Priya decides to find a job but a pimp tries to misbehave with her and she is mistakenly arrested for prostitution by the police.
In their village, Bhai, Annamalai and Alex Pandian convince the villagers to put their caste fanatism aside and to support the young lovers.
The site has been endorsed by various artists and promoters including Ed Sheeran, Andrew Lloyd-Webber, and Sam Fender, and is the official resale marketplace for these and other artists including the Spice Girls and George Ezra.
SIPHER development began in 2010, with a focus on modular open design principles to support rapid application deployment over multiple FHE schemes and hardware accelerator back-ends, including on mobile, FPGA and CPU-based computing systems.
PALISADE began building from earlier SIPHER designs in 2014, with an open-source release in 2017 and substantial improvements every subsequent 6 months.
PALISADE development was funded originally by the DARPA PROCEED and SafeWare programs, with subsequent improvements funded by additional DARPA programs, IARPA, the NSA, NIH, ONR, the United States Navy, the Sloan Foundation and commercial entities such as Duality Technologies.
PALISADE has subsequently been used in commercial offerings, such as by Duality Technologies who raised funding in a Seed round and a later Series A round led by Intel Capital.
A few wall remains are still preserved in the tower of today's church, the rest burned down at the beginning of the 16th century.
The faithful of the majority Protestant church village and the northern and western building communities, which all belonged to the dominion of Rheda, shared the church with the Catholic faithful, who came from the southern and eastern building communities belonging to the prince bishopric of Osnabrück.
The Simultaneum only ended with the inauguration of the Catholic Church of St. Pankratius not far from the Old Church Square.
The three-nave hall church was largely destroyed by bombs on the Sunday of Death in 1944, and several citizens who had sought shelter in it died.
The foundation stone for today's building was laid in 1951 according to plans by Werner March, who had also designed the Olympiastadion Berlin.
At the back of the church a sculpture by the sculptor Willy Meller, created in 1955 and known for numerous works in the service of National Socialism, commemorates the victims of the Second World War.
On the 60th anniversary of its reconstruction in 2012, the Apostle Church was given a new interior painting and a modern lighting system.
The 2020 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship Division I consisted of two tiered groups of six teams each: the second-tier Division IA and the third-tier Division IB.
For each tier's tournament, the team which placed first was promoted to the next highest division, while the team which placed last was relegated to a lower division.
In an interview, Nagar states that he used to write poems when he was in school, and from there he got the passion for writing lyrics and singing.
In 2019, he released Ishq Ka Raja Song, which has been viewed over 200 million times on YouTube, due to this song, he gained recognition in public.
Necropolis, They Will Be Ashes But Still Will Feel (Spanish: Necrópolis, serán ceniza mas tendrá sentido) is a 2016 Mexican horror short film directed by Mateo Granillo.
The film premiered at the Buenos Aires Rojo Sangre in November 2016, and is stars Harold Torres, Mauro Sánchez Navarro, and Meraqui Pradis.
Andrés (Mauro Sánchez Navarro), a young man devastated by the death of his beloved Eva, makes a bet with a ghost: if he manages to go through several trials in the world of the dead, he can revive her.
Bina Basnett completed her schooling in 2003 from Gangtok Deurali Girls SSS, she pursued her MBBS from SMIMS Tadong (CRH), after completing MBBS in 2009 she continued her MD at Patna AIIMS and later practiced and worked as a lecturer in Lady Hardinge Medical College New Delhi.
In 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, she stood as the candidate of HSP from Upper Tadong, but she lost and received only 1.63% votes.
The listed buildings consist of houses and cottages in the village, a country house and items in its grounds, and a military cemetery.
Physical Intelligence, also known as bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence, is any intelligence derived through physical and practical learning such as sports, dance or craftsmanship.
It may refer to the ability to use one's hands to create, to express oneself with one's body, a reliance on tactile mechanisms and movement, and accuracy in controlling body movement.
An individual with high physical intelligence is someone who is adept at using their physical body to solve problems and express ideas and emotions.
The ability to control the physical body and the mind-body connection is part of a much broader range of human potential as set out in Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences.
Often people with high physical intelligence will have excellent hand-eye coordination and be very agile; they are precise and accurate in movement and can express themselves using their body.
Gardner referred to the idea of natural skill and innate physical intelligence within his discussion of the autobiographical story of Babe Ruth; a legendary baseball player who at 15 felt that he has been ‘born’ on the pitcher's mound.
Individuals with a high of bodily-kinesthetic or physical intelligence are likely to be successful in physical careers, including athletes, dancers, musicians, police officers, and soldiers.
A professor of Education at Harvard University, Developmental psychologist Howard Gardner outlined nine types of intelligence, including spatial intelligence and linguistic intelligence amongst others.
His seminal work Frame of Mind was published in 1983 and was influenced by the works of Alfred Binet and the German psychologist William Stern, who originally coined the term Intelligence Quotient (IQ).
He suggested that each individual may possess all of the various forms of intelligence to some extent, but that there so is always a dominant or primary form.
Gardner granted each of the different forms of intelligence equal importance, and he proposed that they have the potential to be nurtured and so strengthened, or ignored and weakened.
However, there have been various critiques of Gardner's work, predominantly due to the lack of empirical evidence used to support his thinking.
His work went on to shape educational pedagogy and influence relevant policy and legislation across the world; with particular reference to how teachers must assess students’ progress to establish the most effective teaching methods for the individual learner.
Gardner's research into the field of learning regarding bodily kinaesthetic intelligence has resulted in the use of activities that require physical movement and exertion, with students with a high level of physical intelligence reporting to benefit from learning through movement in the classroom environment.
The Pandemic Emergency Finance Facility (abbreviated as PEF) is a financing mechanism to provide money to assist with the management of a pandemic outbreak.
Bonds were first  sold to private investors in June 2017, who receive annual interest rates ranging from 6.5% over Libor, to 11.1% over Libor..
The pay-out from the PEF can be triggered from pandemics of influenza, SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, Lassa fever and others.
Curtois was born at Branston in Lincolnshire and studied art at the Lincoln School of Art and also in London and in Paris at the Académie Julian.
She exhibited at a number of London galleries including, between 1887 and 1902, at the New Gallery and also showed six works at the Royal Academy.
Curtois lived at Washingborough Manor near Lincoln and in London, until later in life she moved to Little Missenden in Buckinghamshire where she was an active member of the Buckinghamshire Art Society.
There is an American company of the same name which was acquired by Amazon in October 2019, and Health Navigator Charitable Trust based in New Zealand.
People at risk of unplanned hospital admission are offered Proactive Health Coaching, a nurse led service which is intended to help them manage their condition.
The Vale of York CCG set up a randomised control trial with the company which used artificial intelligence to identify patients at high risk of unplanned hospital attendance.
The Qatar Balloon Festival is a hot air balloons festival to be organized by Qatar for the first time in 2019.
The festival will last for 12 days, starting from 7 December to 18 December 2019 and will be held at Aspire Park, Doha.
The 2019 Qatar Balloon Festival will coincide with Qatar National Day and two other major sports events which the country is hosting, 24th Arabian Gulf Cup and 2019 FIFA Club World Cup.
During the 12-days long event, a total of 13 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Qatar, Italy, Croatia, France, Lithuania, Spain and Belgium, participated in the festival.
She was president of the American Council for Quebec Studies from 1988 to 1990 and a member of the AATF executive board for four years.
She was co-chairperson of the National Consortium for Teaching Canada from 1992 to 1996 and a founding member of the Association internationale d'etudes quebecoises in 1997.
After 1950 tree plantations of teak, Garjan, Bamboo, Champa, Agar, Akashmoni, Eucalyptus and Acacia Mangium was carried out by Forest Department.
The Forest was declared as national park by the Bangladesh government on 13 April 2006 under the Bangladesh wildlife (Preservation) Amendment Act of 1947.
The present forest is divided into 6 forest working circles.The forest area has LR plantations- 380 Ha, SR Plantations-10 Ha, Bamboo Plantations-150Ha, Cane plantations-258Ha and Agar Plantations-40ha.
The park enjoys tropical monsoon from June to September every year.The soil is loamy , clay and sandy loam at various places.
Some plant species recorded are Aquilaria malaccensis (Agar), Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Artocarpus chaplasha, Chukrasia tabularis, Toona ciliata, Syzygium grandis, Tectona grandis, Quercus gomezyiana.
Plants species like Vitex peduncularis (Awal), Litsea glutinosa (Menda), Sterculia villosa (Udal) and Dehaasia Kurzii (Modonmast) are under threat due to over exploitation.
Some of the threatened plants found in the park are Swintonia floribunda, Aglaonema hookerianum, Aquilaria agallocha, Globbs multiflora, Pterospermum semisaggittatum, Steodnera calocasioides, Pinnaga gracilis, Rauvolfia serpentina, Mangifera sylvatica, Calamus guruba and Cyathea gigantean.
In 2012 she was recognized with the Medal of Honor of Barcelona and in 2018 she was recognized with the Queen Sophia Spanish Institute award in her category of Excellence Awards.
Her father is Professor Joaquín Barraquer Moner and she is the granddaughter of Ignacio Barraquer known for their advances in cataract surgery and great-granddaughter of José Antonio Barraquer Roviralta, founder in 1903 of the Ophthalmological Society of Barcelona and the first professor of ophthalmology in Spain in 1914.
She was no longer able to continue the many trips to Africa, but her foundation attracted young doctors who were keen to continue the work.
A visit to Cape Verde involved 100s of operations and about 500kg of materials, but the benefit has been estimated to be $20m because the operation not only returns an adult to work but may also release a child carer who can now return to school.
The 2019 Asia Rugby Sevens Olympic Qualifying Tournament is a rugby sevens tournament scheduled to be held in Incheon on the 23-24 November 2019.
This tournament serves as the 2020 Olympic Rugby Sevens regional qualifier, the winner of the tournament will collect direct qualification to the 2020 Summer Olympics, whilst the runner-up and third place finisher will advance to the Olympic repechage tournament.
Guillermo Cosío Vidaurri (died 13 November 2019) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who served as Governor of Jalisco and as a Deputy.
After playing the 2002 season for Tromsø IL he was left out of the team for a year, before a third and final spell in Tromsdalen.
400 seats, in addition to an adjacent church hall with 200 seats, as well as a smaller hall with 50 seats.
Manglerud Church is located above and on the south side of the E 6 highway and the subway at Ryen Station.
The Alexander von Humboldt Professorship is a prize named after Alexander von Humboldt and awarded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation since 2008.
The prize is intended to attract internationally renowned scientists from abroad to Germany so that they can carry out top-level research there and strengthen Germany as a research location.
The amount of the prize money is 5 million euros for experimentally working scientists or 3.5 million euros for theoretically working scientists.
The award is financed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the framework of the International Research Fund for Germany.
Her works have been exhibited in places such as the Queens Museum of Art, the Institute for Contemporary Art (Sofia), the Kunsthalle Wien (Austria) and others.
In 2006, 2007 and 2009 Kostova received travel grants from the New York Foundation of the Arts (NYFA), the American Foundation for Bulgaria and the European Cultural Foundation.
In 2011, she won the Unlimited Award for Contemporary Bulgarian Art and at the same year she started together with Stanislava Georgieva the Bulgarian Artists in America (BAA).
In 2019 curator Philippe Batka selected one of Kostova's works for the 12th year of wrapping the Ringturm building in Vienna, Austria.
In 2004 Kostova's installation Fixing Reality was created by placing a large blue screen in several public settings in the United States.
The screen digitally projected images of her home country Bulgaria in an attempt to bridge the geographic and social gaps between the two countries.
The artistic wrapping of the building was officially opened on 26 June at a ceremony attended by Austrian Foreign and Culture Minister Alexander Schallenberg and Bulgaria’s Deputy Culture Minister Amelia Gesheva.
The 4,000 square meter artwork was covering the facade of the Ringturm facing the Danube Canal in the center of Vienna throughout the summer of 2019, comprising a total of 30 printed sheets, each around 3 meter wide and up to 63 meter long.
The installation was a reflection on living conditions affected by climate change, and the realization that things can dramatically turn overnight, shifting from play into tragedy.
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original scientific contributions covering a wide spectrum of earth science topics, mainly focusing on Alpine geology and the geology of Central Europe and Alpine orogens.
Vasyl Hovera (; born 11 December 1972) is a Ukrainian-born hierarch for Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine Rite, who servs as an Apostolic Administrator of the Apostolic Administration of Kazakhstan and Central Asia for Faithful of Byzantine Rite, with a see in Karaganda, for Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan since 1 June 2019.
After graduation from school he joined a theological seminary and simultaneously studied at the Catholic University of Lublin, Poland, from 1990 until 1996 with magister of dogmatic theology degree.
He was ordained as a deacon on 28 July 1996 and as a priest on 2 March 1997 for the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv, after completing theological studies.
In a short time, the Greek Catholic parishes were erected in Karaganda, Pavlodar, Astana, Satbayev, Shiderty and Almaty: in addition to these parishes, were formed a dozen communities, scattered in other places.
Hovera on 11 November 2002 was appointed an Apostolic Delegate for Kazakhstan and Central Asia with a dependency from the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and in 2005 was elevated in a rank of Mitred Archpriest.
On June 1, 2019, Mitred Archpriest Hovera was appointed by Pope Francis as the first Apostolic Administrator of the newly created Apostolic Administration of Kazakhstan and Central Asia for Faithful of Byzantine Rite without dignity of bishop.
His father, Yaroslav Hovera, was a prisoner in the Soviet Union Gulag and spent 15 years in the corrective labor camp in Karaganda.
Andriy Ivan Hovera (born 1966), Synkellos of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Ternopil–Zboriv, and Bishop Yosafat Hovera (born 1967), Archiepiscopal Exarch of Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Lutsk.
He joined IK Start from Larvik TIF in the autumn of 1991, but soon moved back to Larvik and IF Fram.
It was a single painting, which was part of a wider collection of Coca-Cola themed paintings, which Warhol painted in the early to mid-1960s.
He was educated at Eton College, and succeeded his father in the title of Baronet Montgomery of Stanhope in June 1901.
The Manor of Stobo had been the family seat of the Graham-Montgomery Baronets from 1767, and the castle itself was constructed between 1803 and 1811 for his grandfather Sir James Montgomery, 2nd Baronet, then remodelled for his father who also had the grounds redesigned in 1872.
Graham-Montgomery was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards as a lieutenant in 1869, and saw active service with his regiment in Egypt during the Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882, where he was present at the Battle of Tell El Kebir.
Graham-Montgomery met with a violent death on 7 November 1902, when he was hit by a train near Seaton Junction railway station, Lincolnshire.
He had apparently opened the door of a compartment while the train was in motion, and fallen on the line, where he was hit by a passing train.
Nothin was born in Voxtorp Parish, Jönköping County, Sweden, the son of Johannes Nothin, a vicar, and his wife Anna Bengtson.
He then served as Director of Legal matters in the Ministry of Finance in 1918 and as audit secretary in 1920.
Nothing was minister without portfolio from 10 March to 27 October 1920 and from 13 October 1921 to 19 April 1923.
He was appointed Director General of the National Swedish Land Survey Board in 1926, and served as minister without portfolio from 24 September 1932 to 16 September 1933.
She was the only Sri Lankan woman included in the BBC's list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2019.
Peiris' life dramatically changed after becoming a victim to a suicide bomb blast claimed by the LTTE in March 2000 in Rajagiriya, when she was on her way to her home from bank while driving the car.
in 2017 she was listed in the Top 10 Most Remarkable Women of Sri Lanka by the Independent Television Network, coinciding with International Women's Day.
One year after the company was founded, Nick Puntikov, co-founder of StarSoft, organizer and chairman of the Central and Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia (CEE-SECR) and a board of directors member of the Russoft Nonprofit Partnership (NPP) joined the company as chairman of the board of directors.
Jay Adair (born 1969/1970) is an American businessman, and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Copart, a car salvage company founded by his father-in-law, Willis Johnson.
Сергій Олексійович Верланов; born 06 August 1981 in Lviv, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Ukrainian state official, attorney who is the current Head of the State Tax Service of Ukraine.
In 2016 – 2018 he was the member of The Public Integrity Council (PIC) of Ukraine and the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine (HQC).
On May 8, 2019, Serhii Verlanov was appointed as the Head of the State Tax Service by The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
Around the same period, namely between 1961 and 1963, Warhol produced numerous Coca-Cola inspired artworks, which have now been recognized as a collection of Coca-Cola works.
3 Coke Bottles was one painting from this series of works, but also included Coca-Cola (3), Coca-Cola (4) and Green Coca-Cola Bottles.
A number of the paintings from the series have regularly fetched record amounts since 2010 for artwork containing the Coca-Cola brand.
Jarosław Lindenberg (born 9 November 1956 in Warsaw) is a Polish diplomat and philosopher, ambassador to Latvia (1992–1997), Bulgaria (1998–2003), Montenegro (2007–2011), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 2018).
He was repeated participant in Argentine Chess Championship in which he ranked 2nd in 1926, 4th in 1931, and 3rd in 1938.
Manojlović coached three club sides in Angola, including Primeiro de Agosto (between December 2017 and July 2019) whom he guided to the African Champions League semi-final in 2018.
He has directed and produced music videos for several artists, such as Juelz Santana, Mariah Carey, Benny Benassi, and Jussie Smollett.
Wiseman was born in Hollywood, Florida, the son of Todd Alan Wiseman, a television executive and inventor, and Robin (née Rollins), a school teacher.
The story of a man who attempted to cure himself of his mental disorders, earned Wiseman multiple awards including recognition at the American Black Film Festival.
The 1962 Southern Miss Southerners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern Mississippi as an independent during the 1962 NCAA College Division football season.
In its 14th season under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 9–1 record, outscored opponents by a total of 258 to 63, and was recognized as the UPI College Division national champion.
Jocelyne Machevo is a Mozambican energy executive most known for her work in the first ever liquefied natural gas project for the country of Mozambique.
In 2019, she won the Power Play Rising Star Award, given to a young female under 35 who made a significant impact on the LNG industry.
Florence Fensham (May 25, 1861 – February 15, 1912) was a suffragist and the first woman to receive a seminary degree from the Congregational Church.
On May 9, 1902, Fensham received a Bachelor of Divinity from the Fisk theological seminary in Chicago, despite years of people insisting the college was only for men.
Die in a Gunfight is an upcoming American romantic crime film directed by Collin Schiffli and written by Andrew Barrer and Gabriel Ferrari.
Ben, a rebel young man, falls in love with Mary, the daughter of his father's enemy, starting a battle full of love, lust, revenge and betrayal.
On December 8, 2010, it was revealed that Zac Efron is attached to star in and produce the film through his own production company Ninjas Runnin' Wild.
On April 26, 2011, Efron was confirmed to play the lead, Anthony Mandler being set to helm the film, which at the time, would have been his directorial debut.
After it went through development hell for nearly 7 years, on September 25, 2017, it was announced that Josh Hutcherson and Kaya Scodelario are attached to play the lead roles, Helen Hunt and Olivia Munn took supporting roles, Collin Schiffli being tapped for the director's chair.
The discography of Icelandic singer-songwriter and musician Emilíana Torrini consists of six solo albums, one compilation album, one live album with the Colorist Orchestra, one album as a member of the Icelandic band Spoon and one collaboration album with Canadian musician Kid Koala, as well as multiple singles and collaboration songs.
The Anabar Plateau is located north of the Arctic Circle in northeastern Krasnoyarsk Krai and northwestern Sakha Republic, SSE of the Taymyr Depression, the central part of the North Siberian Lowland.
It is located north of the Vilyuy Plateau and is the northernmost feature of the Central Siberian Plateau, to which it is connected in the southeast.
The Big Kuonamka, which forms the upper course of the Anabar River, has its source in the plateau and flows in a northeast direction.
River Kotuy cuts from the south across the western side and is joined by its tributary Kotuykan from the highest part of the Anabar Plateau.
The Anabar Plateau of the Central Siberian Plateau is one of the oldest structures on Earth, with rocks that are more than 3 billion years old.
The Anabar Plateau coincides geographically with the Anabar Shield, a geological region that is an exposed basement of the Siberian Craton.
Together with the Aldan Shield further to the southeast, the Anabar Shield is one of the main features of the craton.
There are sparse forests of larch in the lower areas up to a height of and mountain tundra with mosses and lichens in the higher altitudes.
The climate prevailing in the Anabar Plateau is subarctic continental, characterized by a very low average rainfall of less than per year.
In December 2019, he was drafted by the Pakistan Super League (PSL) franchise Peshawar Zalmi in Emerging category during the 2020 PSL draft.
Raised as XXVIII Bersaglieri Battalion in 1861 the battalion became autonomous on 20 October 1975 and received the war flag and traditions of the 9th Bersaglieri Regiment of the Royal Italian Army.
During World War I the regiment's IX Cyclists Battalion distinguished itself at Oslavia during the Fourth Battle of the Isonzo, while the regiment and its three Bersaglieri battalions were disbanded on 28 November 1917 after being annihilated during the Italian retreat after the disastrous Battle of Caporetto.
Regiment and XXVIII battalion were raised again on 20 February 1919 by renaming of the 20th Bersaglieri Regiment and LXX Bersaglieri Battalion.
On 5 November 1942 during the Second Battle of El Alamein the regiment was surrounded and destroyed by the advancing British Eighth Army.
Learning from the Germans: Race and the Memory of Evil is a 2019 non-fiction book by Susan Neiman, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in the United States and by Allen Lane in the United Kingdom.
The author argues that German society had fully atoned for actions done by the country in the past, particularly in World War II, while the United States had not done the same, particularly for Jim Crow violations.
Neiman stated that each country has its particular history but that studying the incidents in Germany shows that society can atone for past crimes and improve even though doing so is a difficult process.
Neiman in particular believes that many Americans lack an understanding of the United States Civil War as well as the Jim Crow period, contributing to issues in American society present in 2019.
Neiman, a Jewish woman, who was born in the Southern United States, had lived there for a portion of her youth.
Neiman's mother, who originated from Chicago, had worked to ensure racial integration at Atlanta Public Schools during the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century.
Neiman resided in Berlin, Germany beginning in 1989 to study the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and resided there for a period of at least 22 years.
The idea came to the book when she noticed American society still celebrating the Confederate States of America even though President of the United States Barack Obama had publicly condemned racism while honoring the victims of the Charleston Church Shooting, which had just happened.
She spent at least three years conducting research for the book; that involved reading works about the post-Nazi Germany period, which describe how Germans initially did not feel guilt about the events.
In addition to interviewing people in Germany, as part of this task she traveled to the United States and conducted interviews there too; she visited Mississippi in that process.
Neiman's friends argued that the United States's crimes were committed too far in the past and were relatively too insigificant for the country to learn from Germany's understanding of the crimes perpetrated by the country, something that the conclusion of the book disagrees with.
The process of the book began prior to the 2016 United States Presidential Election and the Brexit referendum, and she stated that prior to the former she believed the United States was about to absorb messages from historical incidents.
The author completed the book despite concerns that the message may not be absorbed in light of the outcomes of those events.
The book discusses how society in both East Germany and West Germany initially resisted taking responsibility for World War II incidents, but that this understanding developed decades after the war.
This solidified after the reunification of Germany as the two halves could no longer assign blame to the other for atrocities.
According to Neiman, East German society had more thoroughly opposed Nazism than West Germany partly because the latter opposed Soviet-aligned states with people who formerly worked for Nazi Germany.
Martin Šúrek (born August 22, 1987) is a Slovak professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for Brest Albatros Hockey of the FFHG Division 1.
He also played in Belarus for HK Brest, Serbia for HK Partizan and in Norway for Tønsberg Vikings and Manglerud Star Ishockey before moving to France to join Scorpions de Mulhouse.
It is said that the work was inspired by target paintings by pop artist Jasper Johns, which he completed in the 1950s.
The familiar object was reproduced on canvas and was said to be the inspiration of many artists in the early 1960s, such as Blake and also Warhol.
The University of St Andrews Library dates back to the early 17th century but its books have been collected over some 600 years since the university was founded in 1413.
It holds one of the most extensive collections of the research libraries in the United Kingdom with more than one million volumes.
In addition to 210,000 printed books in special collections, it has large manuscript and photographic collections while its archives date back to the early 15th century.
The library's current role is to support research, scholarship and learning with high-quality services backed by preservation, promotion and exploitation of its collections.
The library was founded by James VI of Scotland in 1612 with gifts from the Royal Family, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Royal Librarian.
Between 1710 and 1836, under the Copyright Deposit Act it was entitled to a copy of every book printed in the British Isles.
In 1783, the Kings James Library, St Mary's College Library and the university's other library facilities were brought together under one roof as the common library in 1783.
As a result of further increases in students and holdings, today's library building was opened on North Street in 1976 where it now holds over a million books.
Faulkner-Brown specialised in libraries and leisure facilities and also designed the National Library of Canada in Ottawa and the Robinson Library at Newcastle University In 2011 the main library building underwent a £7 million re-development.
St Mary's College Library incorporating the King James library from 1643 continues to house the university's Divinity and Medieval History collections.
In 2012 the university purchased the vacant Martyrs' Kirk on North Street, with the purpose of providing reading rooms for the Special Collections department and university postgraduate research students and staff.
Dating from the early Middle Ages, material in the Manuscript Department includes muniments of the university itself as well as estate, business and personal records from the Fife region and the town of St Andrews.
The library's archive contains a rich series of catalogues from its foundation as well as borrowing registers from 1738 to 1925.
It includes early examples of St Andrew's involvement in the history of photography as well as published and unpublished items and albums from the 1840s on.
Of particular importance is the negative archive of picture postcards from Valentine & Sons of Dundee from the mid-19th century to the 1960s.
The rare books collections comprise over 50 named collections comprising gifts from other libraries and subject-based collections based on illustrated children's literature and photographically illustrated books.
The historic Copyright Music Collection consists of some 400 bound volumes, most of the music dating from the 1790s to the 1820s.
Ai-Da was designed by Engineered Arts, a Cornish robotics company, in collaboration with algorithms developed by scientists at the University of Oxford, and robotic arms and hands developed by AI engineers at Leeds University.
The street is highly unusual compared to its surroundings, as both Uptown and Chicago's lakeshore in general were built up with high-rise apartments in the early twentieth century; Castlewood Terrace residents resisted high-rise construction for decades after the street's development.
Most of the houses are two to three story brick structures with spacious lots and front driveways, giving the street visual consistency despite the many different architectural styles used in its homes.
Ma Yugang (; born March 1968) is a Chinese nuclear physicist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He is one of the most famous actors in the dubbing industry of Czech Republic, being the main voice actor for Jack Black, Jim Carrey or Denzel Washington.
While studying singing and acting at Prague Conservatory, he appeared in plays of many theaters, such as Theatre on the Balustrade.
In software engineering, test design technique is a procedure for determining test conditions, test cases and test data during software testing.
They differ from test creation, which are based on the test data adequacy criteria by selecting appropriate test data in order to reduce the risks to an acceptable level.
For example, specification-based techniques are based on some available information about the software to be implemented such as requirements, user stories, etc.
Two Indeterminate Lines is a 1993 steel sculpture by Bernar Venet, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
The series is animated by TNK and directed by Takuya Asaoka, with Kazuyuki Fudeyasu handling series composition, and Junji Goto designing the characters.
The film features newcomers Haneefa, Dheepan and Dimple Rose in lead roles, with N. Khan, Harishankar, Kamalraj, S. Suguna, Sudalaiyandi, Poochi and Parvathi Nambiar playing supporting roles.
The film begins with Uma (Dimple Rose), after finishing her studies in the city, arriving in her village to live with her grandmother.
Nandha (Dheepan) is a jobless youngster who spends his days roaming around with his friends whereas his elder brother Rajapandi (N. Khan) is the village bigwig and the manager of the village temple.
The introverted and religious young man Neelakandan (Haneefa) lives at the village temple and he helps the temple priest (Sudalaiyandi) in his work.
When Neelakandan was a child, he came to the village alone and slept in the temple, since that day Neelakandan lives there.
When the villagers come to know about it, they decide to kill him but Neelakandan advises them to act with humanity and to ignore him from this day onwards.
Newcomers Haneefa and Dheepan were cast to play the lead roles while Dimple Rose from Kerala was chosen to play the heroine.
John A. Hirsch (July 9, 1861-November 29, 1938) was a Republican member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from Dedham, Massachusetts.
Invaders is a 1981 sculpture by Gary Wiley, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
Xioczana Milagros Canales Porras (born 21 April 1999) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Spanish Primera Nacional club UCD La Cañada Atlético and the Peru women's national team.
Canales represented Peru at the 2014 South American U-20 Women's Championship, the 2016 South American U-17 Women's Championship and the 2017 Bolivarian Games.
Originating from Kendari, he began his career in the police force in 1988, and participated in several counter-terrorism operations before holding several high-ranking posts such as the Chief of the Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police and the Criminal Investigation Agency.
Azis was born on 30 January 1963 in the Kampung Salo neighborhood of Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi as the second child of five, and he completed the first twelve years of his education in Kendari's state schools before attempting to enroll in the Police Academy.
He was rejected the first time, and he enrolled in the Faculty of Agriculture at the Haluoleo University, but he reapplied to the Police Academy, and he was accepted at his third application.
He began his career as a police officer in the Bandung City Police, where he held several posts and positions until 1999 when he was moved to the Jakarta Metropolitan Police.
In 2005, he joined Densus 88 and soon afterwards took part in a counter-terrorism police raid which resulted in the death of Azahari Husin.
He was promoted to police brigadier general after the conclusion of his time as deputy chief, when he was again moved to Bareskrim.
He was the Chief of Police in Central Sulawesi for some time, among other positions, before he was appointed to be Chief of Jakarta Police in 2017.
On 22 January 2019, he was appointed as Chief of Bareskrim, with his rank at that time being an inspector general (two-star).
Following the appointment of Tito as the Minister of Home Affairs, Azis was appointed and sworn in as Chief of National Police on 1 November 2019.
Herbert Singleton was born the eldest of eight children on May 31, 1945 to Elizabeth and Herbert Singleton Sr. Singleton recalled that one day when he was ten years old, his father left the house to buy a pack of cigarettes and never returned.
He was arrested as a young adult for various narcotic crimes and spent thirteen years in the Louisiana State Penitentiary between 1967 and 1986.
Distraught by the fragility of unfired clay, Singleton switched his medium to wood and began carving long ax handles into walking sticks, primarily used as weapons.
He lived the rest of his life in Algiers, a New Orleans' neighborhood on the western bank of the Mississippi River.
In 1980 his sister and two friends were murdered by three white police officers searching for an African American person who shot another white officer.
Broadly, Singleton's subject matter can be categorized as either religious scenes, scenes from contemporary African American street life, or socio-political themes from local to international scope.
In April 2018 Toko launched Becomtech, an EdTech organisation that supports women after their baccalauréat, Becomtech offers three to five week coding programmes across France and is funded by Total Foundation and Maïf.
She has called for people to consider laws to protect workers on zero-hours contracts, and has said that Uber and Deliveroo workers can be considered the precursors to robots under current employment law.
Raised as XIV Bersaglieri Battalion in 1859 the battalion became autonomous on 15 April 1977 and received the war flag and traditions of the 5th Bersaglieri Regiment of the Royal Italian Army.
The XIV Bersaglieri Battalion was raised in 1859 and immediately distinguished itself in the during the Siege of Ancona and Siege of Gaeta in 1860, earning two Bronze Medals of Military Valour.
During World War I the regiment fought on the Italian front, where the regiment during the Battle of Vittorio Veneto managed to cross the Piave river and break the Austro-Hungarian front line at Sernaglia after five days of brutal combat.
Khambi is flanked by Khamlang in the west, Sorde in the south, Kangpat in the east and Phungyar in the north.
According to 2011 census,Khambi has 112 households with the total of 642 people of which 333 are male and 309 are female.
The average sex ratio of the village is 928 female to 1000 male which is lower than the state average of 985.
Legend has it that the brother who was an ace spear thrower went north from Khambi and the other brother who was an excellent bowmen went south.
Being a remote village, the village has a relatively poor transport system and bad road condition, and the inhabitants suffer most during the rainy season because of frequent landslides.
The 2019–20 Virginia Tech Hokies women's basketball team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Hokies, led by fourth year head coach Kenny Brooks, play their home games at Cassell Coliseum as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
They received an automatic bid to the Women's National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Furman and VCU in the first and second rounds before losing to James Madison in the third round.
The Germany men's national under-21 field hockey team represents Germanyin men's international under-21 field hockey competitions and is controlled by the German Hockey Federation, the governing body for field hockey in Germany.
The film is based on the real story of the feat of the crew of a Soviet KV-1 tank under the command of , which took part in an unequal battle on 13 July 1942 and destroyed 16 tanks, 2 armored vehicles and 8 vehicles from enemy forces in the area of the village of , Tarasovsky District, Rostov Oblast.
On 9 September 2018, a special private screening of the film for military personnel of the Tamanskaya and Kantemirov Divisions took place; the event took place on .
So, for example, in the film there is military equipment that does not correspond to the period of the described events: props - layout tiered vehicles stylized as German tanks PzKpfw IVH, which appeared a year later than the action of the film - in 1943, and Soviet tanks T-34-85, which appeared only in 1944.
The note attempted to justify the previous day's cabinet reshuffle, carried out by Prime Minister Manuel Portela Valladares with the support of President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, by describing it as 'a necessary effort to create a Republican center'.
In the run-up to the 1936 Spanish general elections, Portela and the PCD initially tried to forge an alliance with the political left.
However, by the time the elections took place this number had fallen to 78 - the result of numerous defections; with only 23 securing places on 'broader center-right coalition tickets'.
This total later fell to 18 when elections in Cuenca and Granada were re-held in an attempt to mitigate the impact of acts of electoral fraud carried out by the political right.
5 members of the PCD were the only deputies to vote against the removal of Alcalá-Zamora as President of the Republic.
She organized a temperance conference for students in 1921, and in 1924 began a campaign to provide temperance resources such as posters and pamphlets to primary schools.
In 1939 she served on the board of the WCTU in Japan, working with chair Utako Hiyashi and vice-chair Tsuneko Gauntlett.
Moriya traveled to Washington, D.C. with Yajima and Chiyo Kozaki in 1921, to meet with president Warren G. Harding and deliver a petition on disarmament signed by over 10,000 Japanese women.
In 1955, Azuma Moriya was described as the leader of the Women's Public Welfare Movement when she attended a royal reception for Helen Keller in Tokyo.
Azuma Moriya took temporary custody of two girls from Pohnpei, arranging for their schooling in Japan before they returned to the island as teachers.
Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original articles, article reviews, and case reports in the natural history sciences.
The Gravity Gradient Test Satellite was launched by the US Air Force from Cape Canaveral LC41 aboard a Titan IIIC rocket on June 16, 1966 at 14:00:01 UTC.
GGTS utilized the Magnetically Anchored Gravity Systems (MACS), which consisted of two identical subsystem packages, each containing an extensible rod unit and a magnetically anchored spherical viscous damper.
The rod units had an extended length of , and their damper tip weights gave the satellite a symmetric dumbbell configuration.
It had been hoped that within 60 days of launch, the satellite would reach a stabilization of ±8° on the x- and y-axis.
Frederick William Earp was a footballer who played for Nottingham Forest between 1878 and 1885 and then went on to manage the club.
Earp appeared for the North in a North v South representative match on 6th March 1880 at the Oval Cricket Ground.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
He has been a part of the bands Vex (late 70s/early 80s), the Marauders (late 70s/early 80s), Vent du Mont Scharr (mid 80s to early 90s), and Alan Lord & The Falling Men (2008-2012).
She performs both percutaneous coronary and valvular interventions, allowing the repair or replacement of heart valves without the need for surgery.
The 2020 Sporting Kansas City II season is the club's first year under the new name of Sporting Kansas City II, fifth year of play and their second season in the Eastern Conference of the USL Championship, the top tier of United Soccer League.
Sharon Yaish is an Israeli-Libyan director and editor who wrote and co-directed Israeli documentary film A Whore Like Me, which revolves around the life of a woman named Csilla, who was abducted and sold to a prostitution ring in Israel.
The film won Ophir Award for Best Documentary under 60 minutes and was nominated for Best Israeli Film in Docaviv Film Festival.
Sharon Yaish earlier won the Best Editing Award in Docaviv Film Festival for the film Elish's Notebooks in the year 2017.
She was an awarded an MBE in the 1992 New Year Honours whilst serving as Chairman of the Humberside Committee for the Employment of Disables People.
In July 2019 she was given one of the two annual awards by the Barton-upon-Humber Civic Society for her decades of public service in the town.
Ximena Alessandra Solís Zegarra (born 29 September 2001) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a forward for the Peru women's national team.
She was elected to the National Council in the 1995 Austrian legislative election, her cabinet position was taken over by Martin Bartenstein.
An administrative mistake made when Stiegelbauer voted in the 1995 election caused a dispute; citizens in two villages had to go to the polls again, which led to the ÖVP losing one seat to the FPÖ.
Steve Luxton (Born in Coventry, England, in 1946) is a Canadian-based poet living near Ayer's Cliff, Quebec in the Eastern Townships.
He was an original editor of Matrix and The Moosehead Review and co-owner and editor of the Montreal publishing company started by Louis Dudek, DC Books, from 1987 to 2012.
He was also a founding member of the now defunct Montreal Storytellers, an oral storytelling group which performed in both Canada and the U.S.
He was schooled at Eton College, where he was taught ceramics by Gordon Baldwin; he went on to study further at Christie’s School of Design.
He is the owner and founder of a gallery that shows contemporary art in a number of media including ceramics, metal, glass, lacquer, bamboo, hard stone, jewellery as well as 18 Century French porcelain.
Sassoon is a member of the Sassoon family, and was born in London, the son of Hugh Meyer Sassoon (first cousin of Siegfried Sassoon) and Marion (née Schiff); he is the great-great grandson of Sassoon David Sassoon.
Post his studies he moved to Mumbai to work with Star India Pvt Ltd. Prateek Sharma joined Star Plus as executive producer and his first show was Pratigya, starring Pooja Gor and Arhaan Behl.
He then went on to be an executive producer on Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai, Starring, Karan Tacker, Krystle DSouza, Nia Sharma and Kushal Tandon.
Prateek was then offered the show, one of the longest-running on Star Plus called Saath Nibhana Saathiya which had Devoleena Bhattacharjee playing the lead role of Gopi.
He quit Star Plus and went on become the writer and showrunner of Sony Entertainment Television's Beyhadh, starring Jennifer Winget, Kushal Tandon and Aneri Vajani.
He worked with several big names on this one - Prince Narula, Yuvika Choudhary, Sana Amin, Ankit Siwach, Helly Shah, Anuj Sachdeva, Krip Suri and many others.
The show went on for a year and currently it's taken a leap and The new star cast consists of Karam Rajpal and Vaishali Thakkar.
Post Manmohini, he went on to produce Sufiyana Pyaar Mera for Star Bharat with Helly Shah and Rajveer Shekhawat in the lead.
Robert Henri Alphonse McGee (born 1953 in Otter Lake, Quebec) is a poet that was active in the 1970s Montreal literary scene.
He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 383 achieved on 13 January 2020, after his participation on the 2020 ATP Cup with the chilean team.
It is a allegory of the Spanish Constitution, adopted in 1812 during Spain's liberation from Napoleonic rule, and the twofold symbolism is designed to underscore the legitimacy of the new constitution.
Ivette Fuentes-Schuller (born 7 October, 1972) is a Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Nottingham and Professor of Theoretical Quantum Optics at the University of Vienna.
Whilst at UNAM Fuentes won a competition to spend a summer at Fermilab and she decided that she wanted to continue working in physics.
Previously all weightlifters above the light heavyweight (82.5 kg) class competed together in the heavyweight class; this new middle heavyweight class featured weightlifters between 82.5 kg and 90 kg.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Because the weight class was new to the Olympics, there was certain to be an initial Olympic record in each lift as well as the total.
Schemansky, however, broke his own world records from the 1951 World Weightlifting Championships in two of the lifts as well as the combined score.
Novak, who had set the world record in the press earlier in the year at 143 kg, was not able to match that score but still led handily in that lift at 140 kg (12.5 kg over Schemansky's second-place 127.5 kg).
The album was first announced and named on Gomez's Instagram page, where she uncovered the cover art and included a snippet of the title track.
In Australia the album debuted at number one on the ARIA Album Chart becoming Gomez's first number one album in the country.
Economic and Environmental Geology is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original research and reviews in the fields of ore deposits, economic and environmental geology of the solid Earth at all scales.
This enzyme modifies DNA by catalyzing the transference of a methyl group from the S-adenosyl-L methionine substrate to the N6 position of an adenine base in the sequence 5'-GANTC-3' with high specificity.
Methylations are epigenetic modification that, in eukaryotes, regulates processes as cell differentiation, and embryogenesis, while in prokaryotes can have a role in self recognition, protecting the DNA from being cleaved by the restriction endonuclease system, or for gene regulation.
The swarmer cell has a single flagellum and polar pili and is characterized by its mobility, while the stacked cell has a stalk and is fixed to the substrate.
The stacked cell enters immediately in S-phase, while the swarmer cell stays in G1-phase and will differentiate to a stacked cell before entering the S-phase again.
The stacked cell in S phase will replicate its DNA in a semiconservative manner producing two hemimethylated DNA double strands that will be rapidly methylated by the Methyltransferase CcrM, which is only produced at the end of the S phase.
The enzyme will methylate more than 4 thousand 5'-GANTC-3' sites in around 20 minutes, and then it will be degraded by the LON protease.
CcrM expression is regulated by the CtrA master regulator, and in addition various 5'-GANTC-3' sites methylation sites regulate CcrM expression, which will only occur at the end of the S phase when this sites are hemimethylated.
In this process CtrA regulates the expression of CcrM and more than 1000 genes in the pre-divisional state, and SciP prevents the activation of CcrM transcription in non replicative cells.
CcrM is a type II DNA Methyltransferase, that transfer a methyl group from the methyl donor SAM to the N6 of an adenine in a 5'-GANTC-3' recognition sites of hemimethylated DNA.
Based on the order of the conserved motifs that form the SAM binding, the active site and the target recognition domain (TRD) in the sequence of CcrM it can be classified as a β-class adenine N6 Methyltransferase.
CcrM is characterized by a high degree of sequence discrimination, showing a very high specificity for GANTC sites over AANTC sites , being able to recognize and methylate this sequence in both double and single strand DNA.
CcrM in complex with a dsDNA structure was resolved, showing that the enzyme presents a novel DNA interaction mechanism, opening a bubble in the DNA recognition site (The concerted mechanism of Methyltransferases relies in the flip of the target base), the enzyme interacts with DNA forming an homodimer with differential monomer interactions.
CcrM is a highly efficient enzyme capable of methylating a high number of 5'-GANTC-3' sites in low time, however if the enzyme is processive (the enzyme binds to the DNA and methylate several methylation sites before dissociation) or distributive (the enzyme dissociates from DNA after each methylation) it is still in discussion.
Alberto Giuliani (born 25 December 1964) is an Italian volleyball coach, a head coach of the Slovenia men's national volleyball team.
Established by Lebanese American Jalal Antone, it grew to having fifteen locations and having products distributed throughout the Southern United States, but was beset by ownership disputes within the surviving family in the 1990s.
Originally he wanted to serve Levantine cuisine to Lebanese and Syrian Americans, but his brother in law stated that area residents at the time would not be accustomed to those cuisines, and so the business needed to be openly focused around more familiar cuisine.
Therefore Antone chose to make sandwiches the primary selling point of the business while offering Levantine food on the side for the immigrants, and he advised other ethnic Levantine restaurant operators to not openly market the restaurants as being Middle Eastern.
The company's second and third locations were on Main Street and the intersection of San Felipe Road and Voss Road, respectively, with the former opening in 1967.
Josephine was the head of Antone's and sublicensed to her daughters the rights to do catering, as J.J. Gregory Gourmet Services.
Antone-Hatfield stated that she entered the business upon her father's request even though she initially planned to work in the music industry as she studied theater and music.
Okde, who went to Houston to avoid the Lebanese Civil War, had originally intended on making money to support himself during his studies and planned on having a career in a petroleum firm, but he grew in the business, assuming more responsibilities and opening his own franchises.
The mother-controlled company accused the daughters of not following the licensing terms and filed suit against the daughters; the arbitration resulted in a win for the defendants.
Additional lawsuits were filed by the company against the daughters when the company accused the latter of allowing supermarkets to sell Antone's products without permission and insufficient royalty payments in 1992 and trying to improperly sell the franchise in 1996.
By the latter year the daughters and mother were not on speaking terms; the daughters accused Okde and another member of the board, Peter Basralian, of tricking Josephine, an accusation the men denied.
The franchise agreements ultimately expired, with Legacy not allowing renewal, in April 2018; the Okdes chose not to file lawsuits and instead decided to run sandwich shops under new names; the Okde's legal representation agreed that Legacy had the rights to the Antone's name.
Lomax in particular stated that the storage of the sandwiches at grocery stores ruined the flavor due to the delicate properties of the chowchow and mayonnaise.
According to Legacy, the other varieties were available by the year 1970 but the company had no specific information on when each variety was first available.
Okde's family stated that Tony Okde had created several of the menu items; a Legacy representative stated that the company was unaware of this, and if this was indeed the case, the company in 2018 does not any longer sell these items.
It tells the story of multiple generations of African American slaves from the point of view of the dead Clora, who killed herself and tried to kill her four children in order to escape slavery.
Clora follows her four children around the world through the years, but keeps a special eye on Always, her favorite child.
Her mother Fammy was repeatedly raped by the Master of the Land bore him nine children, all of whom were sold by the Mistress of the Land by the time they were three years old.
The torture of being a slave was too much for her, however, and Flora committed a murder-suicide with the Master of the Land, leaving Clora behind in the hands of Miz Elliz, another slave.
The Master's son, the Young Master of the Land, took over in his place and eventually began raping Clora before she was even twelve years old, forcing her to give birth to several children, Always, Sun, Peach, and Plum.
Fearing the sale of her children and her own death by the Mistress and Master of the Land, Clora tried to feed herself and her children poison tea.
Loretta was sympathetic towards Sun as she could tell that they were related, giving him preferential treatment and assisting in multiple escape attempts.
After a second, successful escape attempt Sun repeatedly asked Loretta to help Peach escape, only for Loretta to push her mother to sell Peach out of jealousy.
The man that Peach was sold to was a nice man and eventually the two fell in love and moved to Scotland, where she changed her name to Peachel and her children grew in a wealthy household, became educated, and got high paying jobs.
When he was seventeen he was able to convince a business owner to let him work for only some food and a place to sleep.
By 1844 Always and Plum are the only two siblings remaining on the farm, which is now in very deep debt.
Always is sold to a well-off land owner named Doak Butler, who purchased her as a slave for his fiancé Wanda Sue.
Unable to imagine a life without her sibling, Plum manages to secretly hide herself on the bottom of the buggy but is crushed and bleeds to death by a mechanism underneath the buggy.
Hoping to earn some money for herself, Always decides to take care of the farm but soon discovers that she's pregnant with Doak's child.
She is also surprised to discover that she doesn't hate Wanda Sue, who is by now married to Doak and also pregnant with his child.
Always receives kind and preferential treatment from Wanda Sue, who allows her to rebuild the chicken coop so that Always would have a private place to sleep with her future child, but asked Always to be present with her when it became time for her to give birth.
Noticing that her son had Doak's blue eyes whereas Wanda Sue's doesn't, Always switches the two children out so her son can escape becoming a slave.
The two boys are very close, resulting in Doak Jr preventing Soon's sale even as all of Always's other children by Doak are sold before they were six years old.
The proceeds from the sales are used to expand the now profitable farm and Always names the land after her missing children.
Wanda Sue, on the other hand, does not become pregnant again for many years and when she does become pregnant, dies along with the second child after falling ill. After Wanda Sue's death Doak continues to sexually abuse Always but soon decides to marry the daughter of the Young Master of the Land, Loretta.
Aware that Soon and Doak Jr are related to one another, Loretta makes several attempts to turn the boys against one another but is unsuccessful.
It isn't until the boys grow older, however, that their relationship changes and Doak Jr began to play the role of the master and started treating Soon unkindly.
This prompts Doak Jr to leave and fight in his father's place and Soon is sent with him in order to protect Doak Jr.
One of Always's missing children returns to the farm as a runaway slave and is hired by Loretta to serve as her carriage driver.
He only stays for three months before fleeing with the carriage, which devastates Loretta, who had become pregnant with his child.
Loretta asks Always for help in aborting the fetus via an abortifacient tea, only for Always to secretly feed her prenatal teas so she gives birth to a healthy child.
After the Civil War and the abolishment of slavery Always chooses to remain on the farm but not take care of Loretta, who unsuccessfully tries to threaten her into maintaining the status quo.
Now home with Soon, Doak Jr tries to force Always into revealing the location of gold she helped his father bury, only for Always to tell him that she is his true mother.
He initially tries to kill her in a rage, but stops as he knows that she's the only one who knows the location of the gold.
Always tells him that she will not tell anyone that they are related as long as he buys her the land.
As time passes Always marries a quiet man named Time and has a child with him, Master More, however Doak Jr is still resentful towards her since he felt that she had bested him.
Upon hearing that the war is over, Peach and Sun return to the South to visit Always and see Plum's grave.
They discuss living arrangements for Soon and Apple, who are able to access more educational opportunities since they could pass as white.
Apple chooses to leave with Peach to Scotland in order to get an education, while Soon leaves with Sun to the North in order to become a veterinarian.
Clora then fell asleep for about 50 years, and when she awoke, Sun was dead, Always was dying, and Peach was incredibly old.
She realized that she had grandchildren and great-grandchildren living all over the world, some as White, others as Black and every color in between.
She learns about the Ku Klux Klan and blames humanity for the violent repetition of history, calling to the audience and telling them that they need to change their point of view.
She explains that everyone is related to one another, no matter ones race, and that it is the audience's job to realize that they are a part of the Human Family in order to stop the violence within humanity.
Cooper uses the main narrator, Clora, as a vessel to speak to the audience members, which is unusual within common neo-slave narratives.
Cooper’s novel enacts rehabilitative storytelling, which forces readers to acknowledge the slave history within the United States as well and urges for social regeneration in the present.
Cooper also discusses racial identity within the novel as most of the children, such as Sun, Peach, and Doak Jr. are biracial.
The concept of passing as another race is demonstrated by Peach never discussing her racial background and only being able to take family members back to Scotland who appeared white.
Similarly, the only reason that Sun was able to escape the South was because the color of his skin was so white.
Within the novel, Cooper demonstrates both how passing for a different race was used as a method for survival, as well as the pointlessness for discriminating against one another via race.
Zahrah Al Ghamdi () is a Saudi Arabian visual and land artist, as well as an assistant professor at the College of Art and Design at the University of Jeddah.
Al Ghamdi grew up in Al-Baha in the south-west of the Kingdom and her experience of domestic architecture there informs her artistic practice.
She worked there as a lecturer before moving to the University of Coventry to study for an MA, then a PhD in Visual Art.
Al Ghamdi's artistic practice centres around large-scale pieces inspired and driven by women's experiences of life and craft in the home.
In Venice, her installation was made up of 52,000 pieces of re-worked leather inspired by organic forms, her home in Al-Baha and Aseeri ornaments.
In 2017, al Ghamdi created a site-specific land art installation in the Great Court at the British Museum, covering 30 square metres with a village of sand and memory.
Odalys Mayrín Rivas Espinoza (born 9 October 1998) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a defender for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
The 2019–20 Army Black Knights men's basketball team represents the United States Military Academy during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Black Knights are led by fourth-year head coach Jimmy Allen, and play their home games at Christl Arena in West Point, New York as members of the Patriot League.
Raised as XXVI Bersaglieri Battalion in 1859 the battalion became autonomous on 15 April 1977 and received the war flag and traditions of the 4th Bersaglieri Regiment of the Royal Italian Army.
The XXVI Bersaglieri Battalion was raised in August 1859 and immediately distinguished itself at the Battle of Castelfidardo in 1860, earning a Bronze Medal of Military Valour.
During World War I the regiment fought on the Italian front, while the XXVI Battalion was on garrison duty in Italian occupied Rhodes since 1912.
During World War II regiment and battalion were sent to Albania on 7 November 1940 to fight in the Greco-Italian War.
In this format the remnants of the regiment pursued the Greek armies, which had been forced to retreat after the German Wehrmacht had invaded Greece from Bulgaria on 6 April 1941.
The death of the regiment's colonel is commemorated in the canton of its coat of arms by the azure band with three stars.
After Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the 4th Bersaglieri Regiment and the XXVI Battalion were cut off in Dalmatia and forced to surrender to German forces.
The regiment was raised again on 1 February 1944 with the XXI and XXXIII battalions, the latter of which had fought German forces on Corsica after 8 September.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Silver Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
In the early 1980s the battalion moved to Maniago, where it remained until the Garibaldi was transferred to Caserta in Southern Italy in 1991.
Air Groove (in Japanese: エアグルーヴ, foaled April 6th, 1993) is a Japanese racehorse and the winner of the 1996 Yushun Himba.
This win sparked a three race win streak that saw her win the 1996 Sapporo Kinen and the 1996 Grade-1 Tenno Sho.
She capped off the year with a 2nd place finish at the 1997 Japan Cup and the 3rd place Arima Kinen.
Her 1998 season was also very successful, as she either won or placed on the podium at 6 of her 7 races.
She started off the year with a win at the April Ōsaka Hai, and came in 2nd at the June 1998 Naruo Kinen.
She came in 3rd at the July 1998 Takarazuka Kinen and got the last win of her career at the August 1998 Sapporo Kinen.
The coordinated cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by the troponin complex on thin filament (troponin C which is calcium binding, troponin T that plays the role with tropomyosin, and troponin I which has an inhibitory action annulating the S1 ATPase activity in the presence of tropomyosin and troponin and absence of Ca).
This mutation is determined by the change of Alanine to Valine at nucleotide 23 from C to T. Patients with this type of mutation shows thickness on the left ventricle wall of around 18mm, compared to the normal this thickness would be 12 mm.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
The Axis capture of Tobruk, also known as the Fall of Tobruk and the Second Battle of Tobruk (17–21 June 1942) was part of the Western Desert Campaign in Libya during the Second World War.
The battle was fought by Panzer Army Africa ( an Italo–German (Axis) military force in north Africa, which included the , led by Erwin Rommel) and forces from the United Kingdom, Indian Empire, South Africa and other Allied countries in the British Eighth Army (General Neil Ritchie).
The port of Tobruk had withstood an eight-month siege by Axis forces in 1941 before its defenders, who had become an emblem of resistance were relieved in December.
British commanders had decided not to defend Tobruk for a second time and its minefields had been stripped for use in the Gazala Line to the west.
By mid-1942, the garrison included many inexperienced troops and on 15 June 1942, the newly promoted Major-General Hendrik Klopper of the 2nd South African Division took command.
An immense stock of supplies of every description had been accumulated around the port for a British offensive but the Axis struck first.
Operation Venice ( (the Battle of Gazala) began on 26 May 1942 and drove the Eighth Army east of Tobruk, leaving it isolated.
The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill placed great store on the symbolic value of Tobruk and there was an exchange of ambiguous signals leading to the garrison being surrounded, rather than evacuated as originally intended.
Operation Herkules, the invasion of Malta, was postponed and the Axis air forces supported the pursuit into Egypt, which was hampered by supply constraints as the advanced further from its bases and was halted at the First Battle of Alamein in July 1942.
A British Court of Inquiry was held in 1942, which found Klopper to be largely blameless for the surrender and ascribed the defeat to failures among the British high command.
The findings were kept secret until after the war, which did little to restore the reputation of Klopper and his troops.
Behind two old outlying forts, they constructed an innovative fortification, consisting of a double line of concrete-lined trenches long, connecting 128 weapons pits protected by concealed anti-tank ditches; but the fortifications lacked overhead protection and defence in depth.
Tobruk was captured by Australian forces in January 1941 during Operation Compass, the first large Allied military operation of the Western Desert Campaign.
Using the Italian defences, ill-organised attacks by Axis forces were defeated by the 30,000-strong Australian garrison (replaced in September by a British and Allied force), allowing time for the fortifications to be improved.
The Allied occupation of Tobruk was a threat to the Axis communications, it denied them the use of the port, and it tied down four Italian divisions and three German battalions, a force twice the size of the garrison.
During 1941, supplied from the sea and surviving successive Axis assaults, the defence of Tobruk became a symbol of the British Empire's war effort.
The relief of Tobruk was the object of Operation Brevity in May and Operation Battleaxe in June, both of which failed.
Supplied with more modern tanks, the second Axis offensive saw the reoccupation of western Cyrenaica but the Axis advance ran out of supplies west of Gazala.
The Axis forces forestalled the British with (known to the British as the Battle of Gazala), which began on 28 May.
Poorly armed and armoured British tanks and poor co-ordination allowed Rommel to defeat the Eighth Army armour piecemeal and by 13 June the British had begun to retreat eastwards from Gazala, leaving Tobruk vulnerable.
On 1 May 1942, a meeting of Axis leaders was held at the Berghof in Berchtesgaden, with Adolf Hitler and Albert Kesselring, the Commander-in-Chief South, representing Germany, and Benito Mussolini and Ugo Cavallero, the Chief of the Defence Staff representing Italy.
If successful, Rommel was to go no further east than the Egyptian border and take up defensive positions while an invasion of Malta codenamed Operation Herkules was undertaken, scheduled for mid-July.
The capture of Malta would secure the Axis supply lines to North Africa before allowing Rommel to invade Egypt, with the Suez Canal as the final objective.
Axis planning had been given considerable assistance after the (Italian Military Information Service) had broken the Black Code used by Colonel Bonner Fellers, the US military attaché in Cairo, to send detailed and often critical reports to Washington of the British war effort in the Middle East.
In a meeting held in Cairo on 4 February 1942, the Commanders-in-Chief of the British Middle East Command considered what their course of action should be in the event of a further successful Axis offensive, the front line at that time being only 30 miles west of Tobruk.
The commanders knew how valuable the port would be to Axis forces but decided against allowing it to endure another siege.
Accordingly, Auchinleck drafted orders for Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie, the commander of Eighth Army, that in the event of being forced to make a further withdrawal, although he was to make every effort to prevent Tobruk from being taken, he was not to allow his forces to be surrounded there.
By 14 June, Rommel's offensive had forced Ritchie to order the withdrawal of the units holding the Gazala positions, the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and the 1st South African Infantry Division, eastwards through Tobruk and on towards the Egyptian border in accordance with Operation Freeborn.
Neither he nor Ritchie wanted to lose the considerable stockpiles of fuel, munitions and other stores which had been built up at the port for the intended British offensive.
Auchinleck signalled ordering Ritchie to hold a line from Acroma (west of Tobruk) extending south-east to El Adem, which would screen Tobruk.
The order was not received by Ritchie until two hours before his carefully organised night withdrawal was due to start; too late to alter the movement.
The 50th and 1st South African divisions were saved from encirclement but were withdrawn from the line which Auchinleck intended them to hold.
On 15 June, El Adem itself was attacked three times by the German 90th Light Infantry Division but were repulsed by the defenders.
Simultaneously, an attack by 21st Panzer Division on a defended area called Point B 650 some 8 kilometres north of El Adem was defeated by the Indians and the 7th Motor Brigade; however a second attack succeeded later that evening.
The attacks on El Adem were discontinued after further reverses but the threat of being surrounded caused its evacuation on the night of 16/17 June.
This left the airfields on the coast at RAF Gambut vulnerable, causing the Desert Air Force (DAF) to withdraw eastwards, severely limiting the available air support.
The last outpost of the defensive line was Belhamed, a hill adjacent to Sidi Rezegh, which was held by the 20th Indian Infantry Brigade, a new formation.
On 17 June, 4th Armoured Brigade was ordered to attack, hoping to take the flank of the German armour, now supplemented by 15th Panzer Division, as it moved northwards towards the coast.
The brigade had been hurriedly reformed after the Gazala battles and had about 90 tanks operated by a number of composite units but lacked much of its artillery which had been detached to form harassing columns.
After an engagement lasting most of the afternoon, the British brigade withdrew to refit and then towards Egypt having lost thirty two tanks.
With no other support available, 20th Indian Brigade were ordered to withdraw during that night but were caught as the German armour reached the coast at Gambut and two of its battalions were captured.
Also captured was the abandoned RAF base with 15 aircraft and considerable fuel supplies and, to the west, a vast Allied stores dump with thousands of trucks.
The next morning, 18 June, Rommel was able to report to Berlin that Tobruk had been surrounded and was under siege.
A third of the Tobruk garrison was the 2nd South African Infantry Division under the command of Major General Hendrik Klopper.
The division consisted of only the 3rd South African Infantry Brigade and 6th South African Infantry Brigade with a number of attached units.
They had been based in Tobruk since the end of March, although Klopper had not taken command of the division until 14 May, having been a divisional staff officer.
On the following day, Lieutenant-General William Gott, commanding XIII Corps, whose headquarters were still in the port, suggested that he should take command.
Before Gott left, he ordered Klopper to prepare three more sets of plans – for co-operating with the Allied forces outside Tobruk, for re-establishing a presence at Belhamed and for the evacuation of the garrison eastwards.
The South African brigades held the west and south-west of the perimeter which had borne the brunt of the fighting in the first siege.
Between these formations were three regiments of field artillery and two of medium artillery, the latter possessing sixteen 4.5-inch medium guns and sixteen 155 mm M1918 howitzers between them.
In the various anti-tank batteries in Tobruk there were fifteen new 6-pounders, thirty two of the older and less effective 2-pounders and eight Bofors 37 mm anti-tank guns.
Each infantry battalion had to defend a frontage of about 3 miles on average, and each anti-tank gun would have had to defend on average a frontage of 750 yards if they had been spread evenly across the perimeter.
The combat squadrons of the DAF had been compelled to move to airfields at Sidi Barrani, which put Tobruk beyond the range of all their fighters with the exception of No.
Owing to the earlier decision not to allow Tobruk to endure another siege, little work had been done to maintain or repair its defences since its relief.
In many places, the trenches and the anti-tank ditch had collapsed or filled with drifting sand and part of the ditch had been filled in to allow the British armour to deploy during the December 1941 breakout.
Large quantities of barbed wire and land mines had been removed to bolster the Gazala defences, while some of the old Italian mines which remained were found to be defective.
Some work had been done by South African engineers to remedy the situation but there is conflicting evidence as to the actual condition of the defences at the start of the siege.
A plan for the rapid capture of Tobruk had been agreed between Kesselring and Cavallero on 10 June, consisting of an attack in stages from the south and west.
However Rommel ignored this and instead used a plan which he had originally devised in October 1941, attacking from the south-east, where the ground was flatter than the gullied terrain in the south-west.
On the western end of the line was the Italian XXI Corps comprising the 7th Bersaglieri Regiment, the 60th Infantry Division Sabratha and the 102nd Motorised Division Trento, southwards from the coast.
To the south was the Italian X Corps with the 27th Infantry Division Brescia forward and the 17th Infantry Division Pavia in reserve.
On the eastern boundary was the Italian XX Motorised Corps with the 101st Motorised Division Trieste forward, while the armoured 132nd Armoured Division Ariete was in the south-west at Bir er Reghem and the newly arrived 133rd Armoured Division Littorio was moving in behind it.
The two armoured formations, 15th Panzer Division and 21st Panzer Division, were in the east, on either side of the village Kambut.
Kesselring had warned that, because all Axis aircraft had to be withdrawn by the end of June in preparation for the invasion of Malta, an early result was vital.
About 150 bombers of various types were available, mostly German, including 40 to 50 fighter-bombers and 21 Junkers Ju 87 dive-bombers.
Wishing to make swift use of the disorganisation amongst the British forces, Rommel issued his orders for the assault on 18 June and reconnaissance of the allotted deployment areas commenced early the next day.
Starting in the afternoon of 19 June and through that night, the armoured formations changed places with 90th Light Division, so that they were facing the south-eastern corner of the perimeter, occupied by the inexperienced 2nd Battalion, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry.
The 15th Panzer Division was on the left of the attack and 21st Panzer on the right, with a motorised infantry group (detached from 90th Division and commanded by Erwin Menny) in the centre.
The XX Corps was to attack further to the left, followed by X Corps, which was to occupy and hold the perimeter defences.
In the west, XXI Corps was to make a feint attack to pin down the South African brigades, while in the east, 90th Division was tasked with fending off any attempt to relieve Tobruk by the main body of Eighth Army.
When the combined German and Italian artillery arrived at their positions near El Adem, they found a stockpile of their ammunition which had been abandoned in November and had never been cleared away.
began its attack at 7:00 a.m., which coincided with the opening of the artillery barrage, which had been delayed because the various batteries had been late arriving at their locations; a breach in the line between two strong points had been made at 7:45 a.m.
The German 900th Engineer Battalion was able to make crossings over the anti-tank ditch using prefabricated bridging equipment; the first German tanks were across the ditch by 8:30 a.m., by which time several strong points had been taken by the infantry, creating a bridgehead wide.
The Mahrattas committed their reserves in an abortive counter-attack and, although they had been given to understand that a tank battalion would be coming to their assistance, this never materialised.
The Ariete Division, the spearhead of XX Corps, had failed to penetrate the line held by 2nd Battalion, Cameron Highlanders and so were redirected into the breach made by the and then deployed westwards towards Fort Pilastrino.
At Klopper's headquarters, after initially believing the attack in the south-east to be a feint, it was thought that timely orders had been issued for a counter-attack to be organised by 32nd Army Tank Brigade, supported by whatever elements of the Guards and Indian brigades they required.
The intention had not been understood at the tank brigade headquarters and only the 4th Battalion, Royal Tank Regiment (RTR) was ordered to attack.
The counter-attack might have succeeded if it had been made with greater force while the Axis armour was still making its way across the anti-tank ditch but, by the time it had begun, the had been moving into the perimeter for an hour and a half and the armoured division was established on their left.
The other tank battalion in the British brigade, 7th RTR, moved up in support on their own initiative but half were diverted to assist the Camerons.
At 4:00 p.m., German tanks were seen to the east, and Klopper thought that his headquarters to the south-west of the town was in danger of being overrun.
The German tanks moved off in a different direction, but now without communications equipment, Klopper relocated to the headquarters of 6th South African Brigade in the north-west of the fortress at 6:30 p.m.
The leading German units did not reach the outskirts of the town until 6:00 p.m. At about the same time, British engineers and logistic troops began the task of destroying the immense quantities of fuel, water, ammunition and stores in the town along with the port facilities.
The 15th Panzer Division had begun to advance westwards along the Pilastrino Ridge, where elements of the 201st Guards Brigade had taken up exposed positions at short notice.
When their brigade headquarters was overrun at about 6:45 p.m., most of the units either stopped fighting or withdrew to Fort Pilastrano at the western end of the ridge.
The 15th Panzer ended their advance since they were under orders to cover the approach of 21st Panzer to the town, which was reported to have been taken at 7:00 p.m.
The final evacuation of small naval vessels had been carried out under fire—fifteen craft escaped but twenty-five, including a minesweeper, were sunk in the harbour or lost to air attacks on the passage to Alexandria.
The remnants of the British units in the eastern sector of the fortress prepared themselves for all-round defence, while the South African brigades had not been engaged except for some diversionary activity.
The Eighth Army staff suggested that the break-out should be on the following night (21/22 June) and that it was essential that all the fuel be destroyed.
Although Ritchie had ordered the 7th Armoured Division to move north towards Sidi Rezegh which is south-east of the Tobruk perimeter, there is no evidence that they advanced very far or ever threatened the Axis cordon.
There then followed a series of discussions between Klopper and his available brigadiers and staff officers, during which the various options were discussed in some depth.
The chances of a successful break-out were impeded by the fact that the 2nd South African Division was not a motorised formation and many of the vehicles they did possess were in the town and now in Axis hands.
The option to stand and fight in the western sector was considered but the main ammunition dumps had also been captured.
As dawn approached Klopper changed his mind and concluded that any value to be gained from continuing the fight would not be worth the cost in additional casualties.
Some units did not receive the order at all; the 2nd Battalion, 7th Gurkha Rifles, on the eastern perimeter, fought on until that evening, while the Cameron Highlanders continued fighting until the morning of 22 June.
Captain Sainthill of the Coldstream Guards and 199 of his officers and men were able to break out of the south-west perimeter in their battalion transport and rejoin the Eighth Army.
A small group of 188 South Africans, largely of the Kaffrarian Rifles, escaped eastwards along the coast and reached El Alamein 38 days later.
A meeting was arranged with Klopper, who surrendered to Rommel on the about west of Tobruk at 9:40 a.m. on 21 June.
It was the second largest capitulation of British Empire forces in the war after the fall of Singapore, and the biggest defeat in the history of the Union Defence Force.
The Germans left the task of housing the prisoners to the Italians, who lacked the infrastructure to treat the prisoners in accordance with the Geneva Convention.
Many of them, especially South Africans, were subject to recriminations from other prisoners who felt that Tobruk had surrendered too easily.
At the Italian armistice in September 1943, many prisoners escaped, including Klopper who was rescued by Popski's Private Army (under Major Vladimir Peniakoff) which was operating nearby.
Despite efforts to destroy the fuel at Tobruk, the Axis captured some 1,400 tonnes with a further 20 tonnes at Belhamed.
Amongst the 2,000 vehicles captured were 30 serviceable tanks and it has been estimated that Rommel was using some 6,000 captured British lorries by the end of that month.
Because of the tenuous supply line that Rommel depended on, his troops had been living on very short rations and the British supplies were enthusiastically received, especially chocolate, canned milk and vegetables.
On 21 June, Prime Minister Churchill was in the White House in Washington conferring on the future direction of the war with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a summit meeting known as the Second Washington Conference.
An American aide arrived with the news of the Tobruk surrender, which he gave to the President who then passed it to Churchill.
Marshall ordered the 2nd Armored Division, which was training with the new M4 Sherman tanks, to prepare to move to Egypt.
When it became apparent that this new formation could not be made operational until the autumn, Marshall decided instead to send three hundred of their Shermans, a hundred 105 mm M7 Self Propelled Guns, spare parts and one hundred and fifty instructors, in a fast convoy beginning on 1 July.
On 25 June the Maldon by-election was won by Tom Driberg, a left-wing journalist standing as an Independent, who gained sixty per cent of the vote, defeating the Conservative Party candidate.
Churchill and others directly attributed the defeat to the loss of Tobruk only four days previously; Driberg denied this was a major factor, suggesting instead that it was part of a wider swing to the left and away from the established political parties.
In parliament, there was a growing feeling that Churchill was responsible for the muddle and lack of direction in the management of the war, despite his popularity with the public.
Labour Party MP Aneurin Bevan attempted to force a parliamentary enquiry into Churchill's role in the defeats at Gazala and Tobruk but was prevented by Clement Attlee, the Labour Deputy Prime Minister in the wartime coalition.
The Nazi hierarchy shared Churchill's view of the symbolic importance of Tobruk and Joseph Goebbels, the Reich Minister of Propaganda, made much of its capture.
On 22 June, Hitler promoted Rommel to , making him the youngest field marshal in the German Army, much to the annoyance of senior Italian officers.
Although Rommel undoubtedly considered it a great honour, he later confided to his wife that he would rather have been given another division.
Mussolini was also jubilant and is said to have ordered that a suitable white horse be found for his triumphal entry into Cairo.
In 1942, a Court of Inquiry was held , which found Klopper to be largely blameless for the surrender, although since the result was kept secret, it did little to enhance his or his troops' reputation.
After the war, Winston Churchill wrote that the blame belonged to the British High Command, not to Klopper or his troops.
He accepted that the facts were obscured at the time as the Tobruk leadership were all prisoners of war but that the truth had emerged.
The number of British Empire prisoners taken in the battle is not known precisely because all the British records were lost.
Axis casualties are not known either but German casualties for the fighting since 26 May (including Gazala) were reported as 3,360 of whom 300 were officers.
In the afternoon of 21 June, Kesselring visited Rommel's headquarters and reminded him of the agreement that the invasion of Malta would follow the capture of Tobruk and that his air assets were already being returned to Italy for that purpose.
On 22 June, Rommel by-passed the chain of command by writing directly to Mussolini via the German attaché in Rome, Enno von Rintelen, requesting that the offensive be allowed to continue and that the Malta invasion be postponed to preserve his air support.
Ritchie decided not to regroup at the Egyptian border as planned but further east at the fortified port of Mersa Matruh.
Auchinleck relieved Ritchie of his command on 25 June, taking charge of the Eighth Army in person, and began a further withdrawal to a better defensive position at El Alamein.
The Battle of Mersa Matruh was another muddled disaster for the Eighth Army, who suffered 8,000 casualties and lost a lot of equipment and supplies, but the bulk of the Eighth Army was still able to break out and fall back to El Alamein.
Rommel hoped that a swift central attack on the new British positions might succeed in the same way as at Mersa Matruh.
However he was moving further away from his air support and supply bases, he was increasingly within range of the Allied Desert Air Force, and his advance was eventually halted at the First Battle of El Alamein.
Moule-Evans was born in Ashford, Kent, and was educated at the Judd School in Tonbridge before studying at the Royal College of Music in London with Malcolm Sargent and Herbert Howells.
While at the Royal College he became friendly with his contemporary Michael Tippett, beating him to gain the Mendelssohn Scholarship in 1928 and continuing studies at Queen's College, Oxford.
Tippett asked him to conduct the first full concert of his own music at the Barn Theatre in Oxted on 5 April 1930.
He founded the trilingual (English-French-Spanish) literary magazine, Boreal, which offered a forum for new writers and circulated across the Americas for 25 years.
The Lovejoy Homestead, near Branscomb, California in Mendocino County, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
He received his BA from University of Victoria, MA from the University of Alberta, and PhD from the University of California.
District 8 covers parts of Cheshire, Hillsborough, Merrimack, and Sullivan Counties, including the towns of Croydon, Newport, Unity, Acworth, Stoddard, Antrim, Deering, Weare, Bradford, Sutton, Newbury, Springfield, New London, Sunapee, Goshen, Grantham, Lempster, Washington, Marlow, Hillsboro, Langdon, Windsor, Bennington, and Francestown.
The St. Mary Catholic Church (also known as the St. Mary Mother Church) is located at 89 St. Mary Place, Bunnell, Florida 32110.
In the early 1910s, after several families of Polish descent decided to relocate to Korona, Florida, they raised $1000 to build a Catholic church in the town.
The property where the St. Mary Catholic Church is located includes the Shrine of Saint Christopher and four other buildings: Parish Thrift Store, Storage Shed, Parish Center Office and the Main Church.
The St. Mary Catholic Church has 1955 square feet as it measures 31 feet wide by 62 feet long and includes a 3 feet wide by 11 feet long part of the garage extension that protrudes from the northeast corner of the building.
These windows are tall and narrow with a pointed arch at the top, which mimic the architectural styling found in original Gothic churches.
The glass in all of the lancet windows is clear and wavy, interestingly; the St. Mary Catholic Church has never had stained glass in any of its external lancet windows.
One add-on section was used as living quarters for the priest, which includes a living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and a safe and storage room.
The front (west) side of the building includes a concrete porch (which replaced the original wood porch) that measures 12 feet wide by 5 feet long with four steps and right and left side round metal hand railings.
The porch includes two wood sitting benches and has a wood framed canopy roof with asphalt shingles that match the building's main roof.
Wood pillars support the canopy roof and the fascia includes vertical jig-sawn wood trim fretwork supported by wood braces attached at a 45-degree angle.
Mary’s Church – Built by a Group of Polish Immigrants in 1914.” There is one centrally located lancet window above the canopy.
The bottom section has two vertical panes that are painted white, and the top section has three lancet shaped panes with clear wavy glass.
Each of these windows has four vertical clear wavy glass panes in their bottom section, and two vertical panes and three lancet shaped panes with clear wavy glass in their top section.
Each of these windows has four vertical clear wavy glass panes in their bottom section, and two vertical panes and three lancet shaped panes with clear wavy glass in their top section.
The rear add-on automobile garage section, on the northeastern corner of the building, includes two hinged swing-out wood garage doors with four panels each.
The back (east) side of the building includes a single wood rear entrance access door with a five-step concrete porch and wood handrail.
There are three double hung windows (which are now covered with wood panels), and three double pane vertical windows in the garage section (which are now covered with wood panels).
A wood framed canopy roof supported by two wood braces attached at a 45-degree angle extends the length of the three windows and entrance door and is covered with asphalt shingles that match the building's main roof.
The steeple is located at the front (west) side of the building and includes four wood window openings with louvered air vents that have arrow point tops.
The walls in the church section, and the original sacristy room, are finished with chair molding installed horizontally at three feet six inches from the floor.
The front entrance includes a confessional room with a single hung entrance door to the priest's area and a single hung entrance door to the parishioner's area, double entrance doors with semi-circular tops, a stairway that leads to the choir chamber and a single hung entrance door leading into a storage room under the stairway.
The pulpit includes wood railings, a baptismal font, central altar, an additional smaller altar with a Statue of the Redeemer in Death, which is used at Easter services, and various statues, pictures and other church-related artifacts.
The add-on section that was once the priest's living quarters includes a living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and a safe and storage room safe.
The add-on section that was once the priest's automobile parking garage is currently being used for the storage of miscellaneous maintenance items.
The Shrine was a gift to Korona and is a rest stop for motorists who can visit the shrine and pray to the Patron Saint of Travelers.
Since the 1960s, the St. Mary Catholic Church performs special services called the Blessing of Automobiles where motorists are invited to have their cars blessed in front of the Shrine of Saint Christopher.
May the almighty and merciful god lead them, and may the angel Raphael and St. Christopher accompany them on their journey.
Michael Curley, bishop of St. Augustine, purchased land for $1.00 in the center of Korona and this was where a Catholic church building would be constructed.
The church building was originally named St. Mary, Queen of Poland, Catholic Church, but later changed its name to St. Mary Catholic Church.
The area's rugged wilderness, which included dense woodlands, heavy soil, insects, poor drainage and lack of reliable road transportation, other than the railroad, led to crop failures and difficulty transporting harvests to shipping centers.
These roads made traveling to and from Korona, by way of automobiles, much easier and allowed access to many more areas that were not serviced by the railroads.
The first floor of the hotel was used as a grocery and feed store as well as a real estate office.
The building was used as a social and recreation facility, and included a beer garden (after the repeal of Prohibition in 1934) and large dance floor in addition to being a hotel for many years.
In 1959, the White Eagle Hotel building was demolished to make room for the widening to four lanes of the U.S. Highway.
Suddenly, the rural area of Korona had the means to improve its standard of living and expedite the modern development of the community.
As the Korona community continued to grow during the 20th century, the original St. Mary Catholic Church became too small for its parish.
In 2011, a new Parish Center was constructed on the St. Mary Catholic Church property, which includes classrooms, offices and a social hall.
In 2014, the St. Vincent DePaul Thrift was constructed on the St. Mary Catholic Church property, which provides affordable clothing and house wares to the needy of Korona and nearby communities.
This corps was activated in Augsburg in February 1941 as the LVII Army Corps, for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which commenced on June 22, 1941.
It retreated over the Romanian border before being attached to the 3rd Hungarian Army and transferred to the south of Hungary.
On National Signing Day, Jones committed to play college football at the University of Texas over offers from Alabama, Baylor, LSU, Oregon and Texas A&M.
Jones played in all twelve of Texas' games as a true freshman with one start, making 16 tackles and blocking two punts.
He was named a starting safety going into his sophomore season and finished the year with 61 tackles (four for loss), two passes broken up, and a forced fumble.
He finished fourth on the team with 70 (5.5 for loss) tackles as a junior while also intercepting two passes, breaking up a pass, and recovering two fumbles despite missing four games due to a recurring ankle injury and was named honorable mention All-Big 12 Conference.
Jones originally considered entering the 2019 NFL Draft following the end of the season, but ultimately decided to return to Texas for his senior year.
Dan Shingles (born 5 July 1986) is a former English international field hockey player who played as a midfielder for England and Great Britain.
In the United States, there are around 860 communities with combined sewer systems, totaling to a population of around 40 million people served.
During normal operation of a combined sewer system, the sewage from commercial, industrial, and residential sources flow into the combined system.
Water from surface runoff and storm drains join the sewer flow and the combined water and sewage travel to a treatment plant.
When there is an excess of stormwater, the combined sewer is no longer able to handle the flow and it backs up and drains, usually into the nearest body of water.
Providence, Rhode Island is a place that has had a particular issue when it came to the effects of its combined sewer system.
Prior to the start of the project to expand the storage capacity of the combined sewer system, each year the combined sewer overflows would release approximately 2.2 billion gallons of untreated combined sewage.
This caused there to be certain areas that are permanently closed to shellfishing and over 11,000 acres that would be closed when there was more than an inch of rainfall.
Due to the high cost of the project, costing around $1.5 billion there was a reevaluation of the project in 2013 with final approval for continuation of Phase III, with additional federal funding in 2019.
Since the construction of Phase I and II, the system is able to capture around 60% of the stormwater that passes through the system.
The Providence Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Program is the largest public-works project in Rhode Island History and is working to make the Narragansett Bay cleaner and healthier.
She shared its accompanying cover art on social media and a short snippet of the song on TikTok the following day.
The cover art is a polaroid of the singer wearing a plaid winter coat and Supreme winter hat in front of a snow backdrop.
H4K20me2 is the most common methylation state on histone H4 and was one of the earliest modified histone residues to be identified back in pea and calf extracts in 1969.
H4K20me2 is similar to H4K20me1 but has a different distribution and this dimethylation controls the cell cycle and DNA damage response.
H4K20me3 is involved in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome where patients have premature and very rapid aging caused by de novo mutations that occurs in a gene that encodes lamin A. Lamin A is made but isn't processed properly.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodelling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a Histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
She achieved this in August, 1967 at Columbia University, New York N.Y. Harrison received her Doctorate degree (Ph.D) in American History in May, 1982.
Then, from September 1970 to May 1972, Harrison was an Assistant Head Librarian in the reference department at McMaster University Library, Ontario, Canada.
At the Federal Judicial Center in Washington, D.C., Harrison was Chief of Federal Judicial History Office from April 1988 to December 1994.
Her special projects include; Supreme Court Justices' oral history interviews and Gender Issues Coordinator; liaison with courts and allied organizations concerning programs on gender fairness education.
Along with all of the classes she taught at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., she was also a GW/IWPR Fellowship coordinator.
The reason she was able to gain access to a credit card is because the name she applied under wasn't believed to be a woman's name.
Patrick Trémeau (born September 27, 1963) is a French serial rapist, active in the 11th and 20th arrondissements of Paris during the 1990s.
Nicknamed The Parking Rapist, he prowled mainly at night, attacking women in underground car parks under the threat of a knife, before raping them.
He was released in May 2005 after 10 years of detention, whereupon he reoffends, for which he was arrested in September of that same year.
At the same time, a law was passed concerning recidivism, and Trémeau was given 20 years imprisonment with a 10-year imprisonment term in February 2009.
In the early 1980s, he earned a plumbing certificate, finding work easily, and doing in a manner considered satisfactory by his employers.
For this crime, he was given a 7-year sentence by the Assize Court of Val-de-Marne, for rape under the threat of a weapon.
His behavior towards his female colleagues was not abnormal, with Patrick successfully seducing several of them, but they quickly left him, which greatly affected Trémeau, who couldn't stand break-ups.
Between April 1993 and March 1995, Trémeau raped 8 women and tried to violate 5 others, always in the same manner.
His victims were all women, from 20 to 35 years, with long hair (primarily brunettes), always with a job that made them return late at night.
When he spotted a victim, Trémeau followed them to the building and usually waited for them to come back and park their car in the parking lot.
His assaults always took place between midnight and 4 AM, in the underground car parks of the 11th and 20th arrondissements of Paris.
At the beginning of the aggressions, he would always be menacing, but once the victim subjected, his behavior changed radically and his words became soft, with him embracing and even complimenting the victim.
When he raped, he always used a condom, and would sometimes throw the wrapper on the crime scene, without leaving fingerprints.
For a while, the police believed that this was the work of a single individual, but only after arresting Guy did they realise that there were two different perpetrators, operating in the same geographical area.
At the police station, during his interrogation, a policeman noticed that he was trying to get rid of an empty condom wrapper.
She mentioned that she very well saw that her rapist wore yellow shoes, a detail which caught the attention of Commandant Bertrand, who noticed that Patrick Trémeau also wore yellow shoes.
Officers then made him take off his shoes and brought them to the office, where Gladys was, and she immediately recognized them.
The police conducted a lineup, and among the group of men, through a beam splitter, Gladys immediately pointed to her rapist: Patrick Trémeau.
Patrick Trémeau almost instantly confessed to all the rapes he committed while in custody, but denied having threatened the women with a knife.
The trial began in October 1998, to almost total indifference: no journalist as present to cover the event, despite the high number of victims (13).
The last of said victims was not informed about the holding of the trial, and thus, could be a civil party.
On May 7, 2005, after spending 10 years in prison, he was released from the prison in Melun, near the end of the sentence.
On June 5, 2005, a 24-year-old woman named Cecilia was attacked and raped in the garbage room of her apartment building, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.
On June 20, another young woman was attacked in her building on Thionville Street, in the 19th arrondissement (the circumstances of this attack remain unclear), and finally, a third victim was assaulted on September 17, 2005.
The Judicial Police of Paris, who were in charge of these rape cases, came to the certainty that these women had been attacked by the same rapist that plagued the city 10 years earlier: Patrick Trémeau.
Henri Leclerc, his attorney, emphasized on that fact, as well as his client's difficult childhood (the alleged violence at the hands of his father-in-law and by staff members at the different homes).The verdict condemned Trémeau to 20 years imprisonment (as advocated by advocate general Philippe Bilger, a starch believer of redemption and of Patrick's truthful remorse), with a 10-year sentence of medical care after his release.
Marie-Ange Le Boulaire, Anne Bordier and others from Trémeau's victims denounced his release, warning that he had no socio-judicial control and would likely reoffend.
The Trans-Himalayan Multi-dimensional Connectivity Network (abbreviated as THMCN and sometimes referred to as the Trans-Himalayan network) is an economic corridor between Nepal and China and part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, a global development initiative that develops connectivity especially across Eurasia.
A number of highway projects are to be implemented including the construction of a tunnel road and upgrading of the Araniko Highway, which was shutdown after the after the Gorkha earthquake.
The projects also consist of internal improvements to Nepalese transport infrastructure including serving three north-south corridors of the country (Koshi Economic Corridor, Gandaki Economic Corridor and Karnali Economic Corridor).
Born in Kansas City, Missouri in June 1937, he moved across different places including New Mexico, Detroit, Toronto and California before settling in Halifax, Canada in 1970.
He studied at The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto, ON, the University of Kansas, and the University of Missouri before teaching at Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS and Dawson College in Montreal, QC.
Amparo Chuquival Lizana (born 21 February 1992) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a left back for Sport Girls and the Peru women's national team.
At senior level, she was part of the squads at the 2014 Copa América Femenina and the 2019 Pan American Games, but did not play.
The history of archaeology in the Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a broad outline of the significant figures in Philippine archaeology and the multiple chronologies associated with the type of artifacts and research conducted over the years.
In addition to Spanish Colonization, the Philippines have also suffered in more recent history American colonization that still persists to this day.
This began a long period of American colonization, which played a huge role in the History of Philippine Archaeology as it enabled American anthropologists to stumble across vast archaeological sites with profound evidence of human occupation and evolution.
Later, archeologists like H. Otley Beyer were able to put the Philippines in the archaeological record through events such as the 1904 St. Louis World Fair, which initiated the development of archaeology in the Philippines.
H. Otley Beyer was a cultural anthropologist and archaeologist who founded Philippine archaeology and became head of anthropology at the University of the Philippines.
Beyer's theory showed the first wave as the negritos (25,000-30,000 YBP), the second wave as the Indonesians (5,000-6,000 YBP), and the third wave as the Malayas (2,500 YBP).
Beyer also conducted archaeological surveys in Luzon, Palawan, as well as the Visayan Islands and was responsible for suggesting that terraces were constructed as early as 2000 years ago.
Fox also became the head of the Anthropology Division at the National Museum of the Philippines, where he led a six-year research project in Palawan from 1962 to 1966.
The Three Age System is a common periodization system that divides history into the following three periods: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.
Despite this periodization being common in archaeology elsewhere, the Philippines has adopted various comparative chronologies that more accurately and efficiently categorize artifacts throughout history.
It can be argued however for what the limit of Pre-Archaeology is, due to burial sites where humans were buried with an associated object that demonstrate value.
In this period, archaeology is still not quite a science, but rather served a purpose for other research pursuits that belonged in ethnographic and natural sciences.
Alfred Marche, a Frenchman, and Naturalist is the most prominent figure during this time and usually credited with being the first to conduct archaeological explorations and collect Philippine cultural goods.
Marche can be identified as being a figure who collected not just for an antiquarian appreciation, but for a vested interest in exoticism.
Other examples belonging to this period are the few educated elite Filipinos such as Pardo de Tavera and the Calderon family who started private collections in Manila.
During the Committed Archaeology period, the National Museum of the Philippines made more serious attempts at directed archaeological research, uncovering information about settlement patterns, burial practices, and artifact assemblage.
The Three-Age System was adopted during this period as the primary way to categorize archaeological findings, following an evolutionary approach that linked artifacts to the progression of human culture from ‘savagery’ to ‘civilization’.
The Directed Archaeology period saw the development of contemporary worldwide archaeological ethics standards, which disengaged archaeological research from its antiquarian origins, especially in regards to looting.
There was also an increase in state support of archaeology practices and research projects, enabled by the strengthening of the National Museum of the Philippines via protective laws and an increase in resources.
Research projects were led by private individuals and academic institutions in collaboration with the museum and resulted in the global interest of the Philippines.
The current period of archaeology is the Reflective Period, which articulates the ethics of archaeology, emphasizing respect for ‘private property’, and an increase in state and private institutional support of archaeological research.
Reflective Archaeology uses a multidisciplinary approach to answer research questions regarding origin, migration, trade patterns, and domestication practices of the Philippines.
Archaeology today focuses on rewriting the colonial narratives that dominate the discipline, encouraging community involvement and the preservation of Filipino heritage.
According to F. Landa Jocano, the comparative chronologies of history of the archaeology of the Philippines consisted of the Mythic Phase, Formative Phase, Incipient Phase, Emergent Phase, and Baranganic Phase (Jocano, 2001).
The Mythic Phase is from the beginning of time and focuses on the emphasis of myths as a source of creative information from previous generations including symbols that corresponds to religious beliefs, social practices, and political power.
On the other hand, myth number 2 focuses on the Tinguines, who believed in the beginning that there was only the sea and the sky.
Within this phase, the emergence of new archaeological artifacts such as the first human fossils in the Tabon Cave emphasizes human migration to the Philippines.
In addition, artifacts found during this phase support the idea that there was a developing culture in the region, which was capable of adapting to their environment.
These types of artifacts showed that there was a stone-tool, ceramic, and other economic industries that enabled tasks such as foraging, gathering, hunting, fishing, and horticulture.
Jocano shows the true importance of this phase as it exemplified the unfolding of life and culture through the development of the stone tool and ceramic industries.
Throughout this phase, radical advancements within Filipino culture began to develop, with the emergence of effective agriculture and manufacturing to develop large societies.
The appearance of metals allowed for better tools and nicer cultural objects such as beads, which allowed for stratification of class within society.
Jocano further emphasizes the advancements made in the ceramic industry, which led to progress in trade and the eventual use of jar burials in the Philippines.
The Incipient Phase embarked a new era filled with the development of technology that allowed for ancient Filipinos to adapt to their environment effectively, which further enhanced their culture and survival.
In this phase, the commencement of social and economic improvement with the appearance of domestication of plants and animals, which allowed for expanded trade, communities, and population growth.
Jocano explains how community growth, writing, political decentralization, and foreign trade allowed for social organization and better-developed culture during the prehistoric Philippines.
Within this period, accounts from Spanish Friars provided vast information of written records that allow people like Jocano to argue that this ancient Filipino society was incredibly complex, despite foreign powers, and greatly influenced how civilization is maintained today in the Philippines.
Junker dissects her chronology into the following seven phases: the Edjek Phase, the Solamillo Phase, the Aguilar Phase, the Santiago Phase, the Osmena Phase, the Spanish Phase, and the Historic Phase.
This period in traditional chronology would be represented as the Iron Age, or Metal Age according to the long history model.
The museum encourages community involvement by hosting events (music, art, science, workshops), teaching Filipino history by showcasing exhibits, and increasing awareness via newsletters and social media.
One example is Dr. Stephen Acabado's Ifugao Archaeological Project, which works with Ifugao communities to address archaeological issues regarding landscape and community formation.
This project encourages community involvement to actively conserve heritage, working to date the Ifugao Rice Terraces and resolve colonial discourses regarding antiquity.
Acabado uses archaeology to reveal factual evidence of origin and colonial resistance to rewrite dominant narratives regarding Filipino origin, which are still currently based on Beyer's Waves of Migration theory.
The James Henry and Rachel Kilby House was built around 1898 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
It is located at 28 Tumbling Waters Lane in rural Rabun County, Georgia in the Persimmon community (try Persimmon, Georgia), about northwest of Clayton.
It rests upon locust and chestnut wood piers in the front, and upon a pine sill atop support stones in the rear.
A second contributing building on the property is the barn built at the same time as the house, built of hand-hewn pine, oak, and locust logs, upon a continuous stone foundation.
It is of a type commonly called a transverse crib barn in Georgia, and has cribs on each side of a wide runway.
The street on which it is located (named Tumbling Waters Lane in the National Register documentation) may have been renamed, or may also be named, Patterson Gap Road.
The current titleholder of Miss International Malaysia is Charmaine Chew of Kedah who was handpicked by the national director since there was no pageant in that year.
Monika Forstinger (born 15 July 1963) is an Austrian businesswoman and former politician associated with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ).
She studied at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) and the Johannes Kepler University Linz, graduating in 1988 and finishing a doctorate in 1997.
Forstinger was repeatedly criticised in this position, for example for issuing a flawed telephone number regulation which was rescinded almost immediately.
The 1985 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament was the league's annual postseason tournament used to determine the Southwest Conference's (SWC) automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The tournament was held from May 17 through May 19 at George Cole Field on the campus of The University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, AR.
Lassana Coulibaly, also known as The Sock Rapist, is a French serial rapist, active between 2002 and 2005 in the areas of Paris, Aulnay-sous-Bois, Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy and Montpellier.
Lassana Coulibaly, a delinquent from Aubervilliers, kidnapped and raped (or sexually assaulted) twelve women between the ages of 19 and 57, entering their homes mainly through an open window, sometimes through a roof, balcony or scaffolding.
He got his nickname from the fact that he usually gagged his victims with a sock, also using cables and cord extensions found on site.
The absence of fingerprints in the first cases suggested to the investigators that he always wore gloves when he attacked the women; it would eventually turn out that he used a pair of socks to cover his hands.
On May 23, 2008, Lassana Coulibaly was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment for rape, attempted rape and sexual assault, as the court did not uphold torture and barbarity.
She showed promise as a juvenile in 2017 when she won the second of her two starts and went on to demonstrate high class form in the following year, winning the Atalanta Stakes and running third in both the Coronation Stakes and the Nassau Stakes.
She was from the second crop of foals sired by Frankel, an undefeated racehorse whose other progeny have included Cracksman, Logician, Anapurna, Soul Stirring and Without Parole.
Veracious's dam Infallible showed top-class form, winning the Nell Gwyn Stakes and finishing second in both the Coronation Stakes and the Falmouth Stakes and went on to be a successful broodmare who produced several other winners including Mutakayyef (Summer Mile Stakes).
Veracious made her racecourse debut on 22 September in a minor event over seven furlongs at Newbury Racecourse in which she started the 3/1 favourite and finished third behind Magnolia Springs and Melodies.
On 13 October the filly contested a maiden race over the same distance at Newmarket Racecourse and was made the 3/1 second choice in a twelve-runner field.
After an absence of more than eight months, Veracious made a belated three-year-old debut in the Group 1 Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot on 22 June in which she was ridden by Frankie Dettori.
Starting a 14/1 outsider she took the lead at half way and although she was overtaken by Alpha Centauri approaching the final furlong she kept on well to finish third of the twelve runners with Billesdon Brook , Clemmie and Teppal running behind.
With Dettori again in the saddle she ran third behind Wild Illusion and Urban Fox with Billesdon Brook in fourth and Rhododendron coming home last of the six runners.
Veracious was partnered by Moore on 1 September when she was dropped back in class for the Group 3 Atalanta Stakes at Sandown Park and started the 10/11 favourite against five opponents.
I was in front earlier than I would have wanted, but she can only win and there was a bit left in the tank at the end.
She was in contention for most of the way before fading in the closing stages and coming home sixth of the nine runners behind Laurens.
On 5 May Veracious made her first appearance as a four-year-old in the Group 2 Dahlia Stakes at Newmarket in which she started the 5/4 favourite but finished fourth to Worth Waiting after looking to be outpaced in the final stages of the nine furlong contest.
She was the beaten favourite again in the Princess Elizabeth Stakes at Epsom Racecourse on 1 June when she came home third behind Anna Nerium and Awesometank.
Having been ridden by Moore on her first starts of the year she was partnered by Oisin Murphy when she finished fourth behind Move Swiftly in the Duke of Cambridge Stakes at Royal Ascot.
Murphy was again in the saddle when Veracious contested the Group 1 Falmouth Stakes over one mile at Newmarket on 12 July and started the 6/1 fifth choice in a six-runner field.
The Irish filly I Can Fly (runner-up in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes) started favourite with the other contenders being One Master, Qabala (Nell Gwyn Stakes), Beshaayir (Lanwades Stud Stakes) and Mot Juste (Oh So Sharp Stakes).
In a change of tactics Veracious was sent into the lead from the start and was never headed, staying on well under pressure in the closing stages to win by a neck from One Master with I Can Fly almost three lengths back in third.
She ran very well at Ascot but was always doing a little too much, and we didn't want that again today.
She recovered from a slow start to take the lead approaching the final furlong but was overtaken in the closing stages by Billesdon Brook and beaten one and a half lengths into second place.
Two weeks later on her final run of the year the filly was matched against male opposition in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes on heavy ground at Ascot.
Ridden by Jason Watson, she led from the start and opened up a clear lead on her rivals before tiring in the last quarter mile and finishing fourth behind King of Change.
Josh Watson (born May 20, 1996) is an American football linebacker for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).
Watson was born in Kansas City, Missouri and grew up in Blue Springs, Missouri and attended Blue Springs South High School.
As a senior, he was named first team All-Missouri and won the Mike Jones Award as the best linebacker in MSHSAA Class 6 after setting school records for tackles in a season with 177 and tackles in a game with 31.
He played in all 13 of the Rams games as a redshirt freshman, making 37 tackles (six for loss) with one sack.
He became a starter the following season and finished as CSU's second leading tackler with 90 tackles along with 7.5 tackles for a loss and 1.5 sacks.
He finished his redshirt junior season with a team-high 109 tackles and 5.0 tackles for loss, 2.0 sacks, two interceptions, one forced fumble, one fumble recovery and seven pass breakups and was named honorable mention All-Mountain West Conference.
He again led the Rams in tackles with 131, including 8.5 tackles for loss and one sack, with four passes broken up and two fumble recoveries and was named second team All-Mountain West.
Watson finished his collegiate career with 367 career tackles (27 for a loss), 3.5 sacks and two interceptions in 51 games played.
He was waived at the end of training camp during final roster cuts but was re-signed to the Broncos' practice squad on September 1, 2019.
It was co-written by Daniel along with Kim Candilora II, Ryan Vojtesak and Danny Snodgrass Jr., the latter of whom produced the song.
A year later, the song started gaining popularity on short-form mobile videos platform TikTok and subsequently was added on various Spotify playlists and Viral Charts.
While Åsum is a common surname and place name in Scandinavia, Awsumb is only derived from the Åsum farms in Vinger, Norway.
For example, a fair division setting with free disposal is a setting where some resources have to be divided fairly, but some of the resources may be left undivided, discarded or donated.
Yves Pons (born 7 March 1999) is a French college basketball player for the Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
When he was four years old, he was adopted by a French couple, Babeth and Jean-Claude Pons, and immediately moved to France with them.
Pons attended French sports institute INSEP, in Paris, and played for its affiliated club Centre Fédéral de Basket-ball in the Nationale Masculine 1 (NM1), the amateur third-tier division of French basketball.
Pons decided to play college basketball in the United States for Tennessee under head coach Rick Barnes, after being recruited by assistant coach Michael Schwartz.
He became the first four-star recruit to play for Barnes at Tennessee and the first French men's basketball player in school history.
Pons averaged 2.2 points per game as a sophomore, but put in a lot of work on his game after the season.
He saw considerable improvement as a junior, scoring a career-high 15 points in his season debut versus UNC Asheville and eclipsing that mark in his next game after scoring 19 versus Murray State.
Pons won a gold medal with France at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship in Latvia, after averaging 3.8 points per game.
He averaged 10.1 points, 4.1 rebounds, and 1.3 blocks per game at the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship in Zaragoza, Spain, as his team finished in sixth place.
In 2019, Pons joined France at the FIBA U20 European Championship in Tel Aviv, Israel, where he averaged 2.6 points per game for the fourth-place team.
Surviving on her own terms while trying to build a new life alone, she is reeling from the loss of her mother, who was deported when she was 16.
Along her journey, Yasmine meets a cast of characters and real New York personalities, each living in their own form of exile: a lonely piano player who’s never played his music out loud; a mother who regrets the birth of her six-year-old; a lonely grandmother nostalgic for her salsa music past and the Mission who is there to help, but only if she’s willing to play by their rules.
It was highlighted as a recommended film to watch for both the Bushwick Film Festival and the Festival Du Nouveau Cinéma.
The film features Aravind Akash, Yugendran and newcomer Sona in lead roles, with Raghuvaran, Malaysia Vasudevan, Thalaivasal Vijay, Karunas, M. N. Rajam, Pasi Sathya, Shanthi Williams and Srilatha playing supporting roles.
Manik's garage stands just in front of a ladies hostel where Nithya (Sona) lives and Manik is in love with her.
The morning, Nithya acts as a soft-spoken woman to the hostel warden and she leaves the hostels in a traditional dress which makes Manik falling in love with her.
Manik decides to impress Nithya's father Shanmugam (Malaysia Vasudevan) who lives in a village and Manik helps him sorting out a case.
Shanmugam then promises him to give his daughter in marriage and Nithya finally sees Manik at the engagement in her village.
Manik then plays a double game: on the one hand, Manik advises his friend Raja to behave violently towards his wife and on the other hand, Manik blindly supports Nithya in her decisions.
To prove that the women are equal to men, Nithya asks Manik to marry her at the registrar office and invites Raja.
Manik tells Nithya that he doesn't do it to take revenge on her but to make her understand that Raja is a good husband who is still in love with her.
Heckscher Playground is a play area located in New York City's Central Park, located close to Central Park South between Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue.
Initially, it faced opposition from groups who did not want a playground within the Central Park landscape, but the playground grew popular with middle- and working-class families after its opening.
A design competition was held for Central Park in 1857; applicants were required to conform to several specifications, including at least three playgrounds of between .
The winning plan, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux's Greensward Plan, included a play area called the Children's District in the southern part of Central Park.
In April 1925, New York City park commissioner Francis D. Gallatin announced that on the west side of Central Park would be set aside for a play area funded by the philanthropist August Heckscher, who was providing the money through the Heckscher Foundation for Children.
Yet others said that the mere presence of a children's play area would cause the condition of Central Park to deteriorate.
At the opening of his namesake playground, Heckscher announced that he would start a program to raise $3 million for Central Park improvements.
Among the proposed improvements were the construction of additional athletic fields; the landscaping of the wading pool; planting of additional trees; and installation of extra play structures.
Additionally, August Heckscher paid for a $15,000 memorial to social reformer Sophie Irene Loeb, one of the earliest supporters for a playground in Central Park.
To make way for the playground's expansion, a bridge called the Oval/Spur Rock Arch was destroyed in 1934, and the bridle path through the playground was cut off.
At the time, the New York City Subway's 63rd Street lines were being built, with their planned routes running directly under the south side of Central Park.
The city's parks commissioner, August Heckscher II (the grandson of the playground's namesake) expressed concern that the brand-new playground would have to be destroyed to make way for the excavation of the 63rd Street lines, located directly below the playground site.
In early 1971, the subway system's operator New York City Transit Authority agreed to reduce construction time from three years to two years and construct a temporary playground nearby.
When demolition of the playground commenced in August 1971, just fourteen months after its renovation, several people protested against the construction of the subway lines directly under the brand-new playground.
The Heckscher play area is located in the southern portion of Central Park, close to Central Park South between Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue.
It is bounded by the 65th Street transverse road to the north, West Drive to the west and south, and Center Drive to the east.
Nearby park features include Sheep Meadow to the north, across the 65th Street transverse; Central Park Carousel and the Chess & Checkers House to the northeast; and the Dairy and Wollman Rink to the east, across Center Drive.
Heckscher Playground consists of 14 swings, several slides, seesaws, a sandbox, and an open space made of artificial turf and rubber playground surfacing.
In addition, it includes a large climbing structure with a water feature at the top, from which water flows downward into the climbing structure through a series of crevices.
Rat Rock, an outcrop of Manhattan schist popular among boulderers, is located just west of the play area and south of the softball fields.
It features the singer stepping into a light that previously illuminated him and performing next to a Lamborghini in front of a fire afterwards.
The song was released in 1994 and reached number 8 in Ireland, and number 9 in Norway and the United Kingdom.
The note proposed the civic pilgrimage to the Gaucho Ricardo Güiraldes Museum, in San Antonio de Areco, in homage and as an effective consecration of that day.
4756/39, promulgated on August 18, 1939, and published in the Official Gazette, coming into effect on September 9 of the same year.
It will start as soon on 21 September 2019 with the first round of the regular season and will end on 17 May 2020 with the promotion playoffs.
The Conference A will consist of 2 groups of 15 and 14 teams from Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, Castile and León, Navarre, La Rioja and Basque Country.
The two best teams of each conference; the third of Conferences A, B, C and E; and the fourth of Conferences B and C will play the promotion playoffs.
The church was established in 1985 as a ‘mission church' by members of Truro Episcopal Church (Fairfax, Virginia) and is listed in a book compiled in 1989 by Don Massey for the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia.
Epiphany Episcopal Church (AKA Epiphany) is one of 179 churches currently included in the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia within The Episcopal Church of the United States, comprising some 73,000 Diocese members.
The Church of the Epiphany Episcopal was established in 1985 when 15 congregation members from Truro Episcopal Church in Fairfax sought to establish a mission church in Western Fairfax County.
Based on growing needs in the early 2000’s, the Church of the Epiphany Episcopal congregation held a successful capital campaign titled ‘Building on Christ’s Cornerstone.’ They mortgaged construction of a new Sanctuary and Nave (worship hall), a small chapel, classrooms and a Gathering Space in 2006, greatly increasing the building footprint to nearly 40,000 square feet.
Members of several Episcopal congregations in Virginia subsequently began to take issue with some of the decisions made at the 2003 General Convention.
In 2006, many members of the Church of the Epiphany Episcopal congregation voted to break from the Episcopal Church over above-noted theological and governance issues, and this portion of the congregation stayed at the facilities on Hidden Meadow Drive.
On July 8, 2007, the founding members held a meeting of 18 congregationalists and reconstituted the Church of the Epiphany Episcopal.
From 2007 to 2012, Epiphany Episcopal Church members first met at congregation member homes and then met in rented space in the nearby Oak Hill Elementary School cafeteria.
The legal challenge filed by The Episcopal Church on behalf of the Virginia Episcopalian congregations was resolved on January 10, 2012 following 22 days of testimony over the period of April to June 2011 with over 60 witnesses and more than a thousand pages of documents.
The return of Episcopal properties in Virginia was reported in news media including sources such the Associated Press and The Washington Post The [[Shannon_Johnston|Rt.
Epiphany Episcopal Church reclaimed tenancy of the buildings located on Hidden Meadow Drive in May 2012; the facilities continue to be owned by The Episcopal Church's Diocese of Virginia.
West was named as Rector following the parish Annual Meeting held on February 16, 2016 and was officially installed on August 11, 2016.
The 1988 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament was the league's annual postseason tournament used to determine the Southwest Conference's (SWC) automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The tournament was held from May 19 through May 22 at George Cole Field on the campus of The University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, AR.
The 1962 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) in the 1962 NCAA College Division football season.
The team's statistical leaders included Robert Paremore with 629 rushing yards, 10 touchdowns and 64 points scored, Jim Tullis with 957 passing yards, and Al Denson with 461 receiving yards.
At the same time, viruses have co-evolved evasion machinery to address the many ways that host organisms attempt to eradicate them.
DNA and RNA viruses use complex methods to evade immune cell detection through disruption of the Interferon Signaling Pathway, remodeling of cellular architecture, targeted gene silencing, and recognition protein cleavage.
The human immune system relies on a plethora of cell-cell signaling pathways to transmit information about a cell's health and microenvironment.
Type-I Interferons, IFN-α/β, and Type-III Interferons, IFN-λ play key roles in adaptive immunity, acting as communication highways between cells infected with foreign double stranded DNA or double stranded RNA.
Mammalian cells utilize specialized receptors known as Pattern Recognition Receptors(PRRs) to detect viral infection; these receptors are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) inscribed in viral DNA and RNA.
These pattern recognition receptors, often localized to either the cytosol or the nucleus, are responsible for notifying infected cells and initiating the secretion of interferon cytokines.
Groups have found that positive-strand RNA viruses and dsRNA viruses produced significant amounts of dsRNA, but the precise methods mammalian cells leverage to distinguish between self vs. non-self dsRNA have yet to be uncovered.
Cytoplasmic PKR is often associated with the ribosome in mammalian cells where it is able to recognize double-stranded and single-stranded RNA and subsequently phosphorylate varies substrates, arresting protein synthesis.
While the PKR The roles of PKR activation have been deeply studied with groups finding that it is insensitive to the presence of short dsRNA and siRNA but showing significant affinity for dsRNA and ssRNA with secondary structure.
Groups have found that the Interferon Signaling promotes the activation of a 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthestase, sensitive to the presence of dsRNA longer than 15 base pairs.
Because this mechanism is not sensitive to self vs. non-self dsRNA binding, results indicate overall reduction in protein synthesis but indicated no specificity for a sole reduction of viral protein synthesis.
In recent years, studies have focused on how viruses evade Pattern Recognition Receptors, target adaptor proteins and their kinases, inhibit transcription factors for Interferon induction, and evade Interferon Stimulated Genes.
Viruses of the flaviviridae Family, such as hepatitis C virus, have developed complex viral mechanisms to rearrange the cell membrane, creating a membranaceous web designed to house viral replication machinery.
These viruses utilize endogenous host cell nuclear pore complex proteins to shield viral RNA from Pattern Recognition Receptors by excluding PRRs from the interior of the viral membrane compartment.
By utilizing architectural rearrangement of the membrane, viruses have developed a method to evade cytoplasm localized pattern recognition proteins such as RIG-I.
In order to evade pattern recognition, other viruses such as Enterovirus have evolved multi-functional proteins that not only help in viral protein processing but also cleave cytoplasmic recognition proteins MDA5 and RIG-I, further demonstrating the extent to which viruses can reduce Interferon Signaling through various pathways.
Other viruses have been reported to target upstream activators of pattern recognition proteins, antagonizing upstream proteins that removed inhibitory post-translational modifications.
Upon entry into the host cell cytoplasm, the HIV-1 capsid is recognized and bound by cyclophilin A (CypA); this affinity interaction stabilizes the capsid and prevents exposure of the HIV-1 cDNA to pattern recognition receptors in the cytoplasm.
The provincial capital Gorgan lies to the south of the plain, which covers an area of about and is situated between 37°00' and 37°30' north latitude, and between 54°00' and 54°30' east longitude.
The annual precipitation in the south of the plain is about which is much higher than the just to the north.
The sites are thought to relate to the Jeitun culture of southern Turkmenistan and may date to the sixth millennium BC, judging by the age of the artefacts found at Sang-i Chakmak.
The Great Wall of Gorgan was built between about 420 AD and 530s AD by the Sasanian Empire on the northern edge of the plain between the Caspian Sea and the mountains.
The wall and forts along it were built of red mudbrick and fired brick, and to provide the water necessary for the manufacture of the bricks, a system of canals was dug across the plain; one canal paralleled the wall, which had to follow the natural gradient, while others were fed from supplier canals, which bridged the Gorgan River with the help of qanats.
A mile to the south of the wall lies Qaleh Kharabeh, a fort that may have housed a garrison serving on the wall.
This is a list of notable software packages which were published as free and open-source software, or into the public domain, but were proprietized, such that later versions were only released under a proprietary software license.
John Anderson (born 1954) is an Emmy award-winning and Grammy-nominated American documentary film director, producer, editor and writer whose primary subjects are rock, blues and folk musicians.
Anderson often makes films about musicians he admires, such as Brian Wilson, the American singer, songwriter, and record producer who co-founded The Beach Boys.
He spent his childhood in Rochester, New York, and San Rafael, California before moving as a teenager to Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania near Philadelphia.
After graduation from Plymouth-Whitemarsh High School in Pennsylvania, he moved to Illinois where he attended Northwestern University in Evanston, studying Radio/TV/Film and Music Theory & Composition.
While at Northwestern, he made a series of works using film and reel-to-reel videotape as a student of Dana Hodgdon and James Benning.
Anderson began his career as an editor at Chicago film production/post-production facilities including Advanced Systems; Telemation; Post Effects; and IPA The Editing House.
It aired on PBS in 2017 and kicked off the 2017 Chicago Blues Festival with a screening at the Chicago Cultural Center.
Its 2018-2019 theatrical run in select cities in the United States included a screening at The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
The film was executive produced, produced and co-written by Sandra Warren and features David Sanborn, Bonnie Raitt, Elvin Bishop, Jac Holzman, B.B.
King, Maria Muldaur, Marshall Chess, Todd Rundgren, Bob Dylan and the late Michael Bloomfield and is expected to be released commercially in 2019.
He came to New Zealand with his family as a boy and took over his father's fruiterer and fruit grower business as a young man.
At the 24 November 1880 mayoral election, Webb challenged the incumbent, Harry Allwright, for the Lyttelton mayoralty, but Allwright beat off his challenger by 197 to 108 votes.
At the 30 November 1881 mayoral election, the result between Allwright and Webb was much closer, with just nine votes between them.
Just over a week later, Webb, Allwright, and Edward Richardson contested the Lyttelton electorate in the 1881 general election and the outcome was equally close.
Allwright retired from the mayoralty at the end of his 1882 term and the 29 November 1882 election was won by Webb, who beat Bryan Weyburne by 195 votes to 131.
At the 28 November 1883, Webb was challenged by Hugh Macdonald and was reconfirmed by a one-vote-margin: 158 votes to 157.
At the 22 July 1884 general election, Webb once again contested the Lyttelton electorate but was beaten by Allwright, the incumbent.
The 30 November 1887 mayoral election was contested by Webb and James Boyton Milsom, won by Webb with 181 votes to 130.
The same candidates contested the 28 November 1888 mayoral election, with Webb again successful, having received 194 votes to Milsom's 136.
Webb contested the 1896 general election and of the three candidates, he came a distant last with 13% of the vote.
In April 1902, the mayoralty was contested by James Grubb and Webb, with a decisive win for Grubb with 464 votes to 184.
At the December 1905 general election, Webb was one of four candidates in the Lyttelton electorate and he came last with 7.6% of the vote.
At the 25 April 1906 mayoral election, Webb was challenged by former mayor William Radcliffe but retained his position, with 354 votes to 236.
Former mayor Joseph Thomas Brice and councillor Colin Kay challenged Webb for the mayoralty at the 24 April 1907 election, but Webb had a comfortable win.
He attended his last borough council on 26 April 1913; he had thus been almost continuously on the council as either a councillor or mayor for more than three decades.
Important decisions made during Webb's term as mayor included a better drinking water supply (with wells sunk in Heathcote Valley) and an improved sewage system.
She is the only one of Esarhaddon's daughters who is known by name and inscriptions listing the royal children suggest that she outranked several of her brothers in importance; outranking younger male children such as Ashur-mukin-paleya but ranking behind the crown princes Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin.
Although she is mentioned in several royal inscriptions, she is most known for her letter dated 670 BC to Ashurbanipal's wife (her sister-in-law) Libbali-sharrat in which she reminds the future queen that Serua-eterat outranks her as she is a king's daughter and also reprimands her for not doing her homework.
A later Aramaic story has her play a central role in attempting to broker peace between Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin on the eve of their civil war 652 BC and disappearing after Ashurbanipal kills his brother.
Esarhaddon, who reigned as king of Assyria 681–669 BC, had several daughters, but Serua-eterat is the only one known by name.
Because lists of the royal children are inconsistent in order, it is difficult to determine the age of Serua-eterat relative to her male siblings.
She is usually listed after the crown princes Ashurbanipal (who was set to inherit Assyria) and Shamash-shum-ukin (who was set to inherit Babylon) but ahead of the younger brothers Ashur-mukin-paleya and Ashur-etel-shame-erseti-muballissu.
Her name is listed among the names of her brothers in a document concerning the foods and potential gifts of the New Year's celebration and is also named in a grant by Ashurbanipal.
She is known to have performed sacrifices to the god Nabu together with the male children and to have been present at events and ceremonial banquets alongside her male siblings.
She also appears in a text from the reign of Esarhaddon or Ashurbanipal wherein Nabu-nadin-shumi, the chief exorcist in Babylonia, writes to the princess to say that he is praying for her father and for her.
She might have been the daughter of Esarhaddon who was intended to marry Bartatua, a Scythian king, but this marriage probably never took place' and she was still living in the royal palace at Nineveh 670 BC, near the end of Esarhaddon's reign.
Some scholars have interpreted the letter as a sign that there was sometimes social tension between the denizens of the ancient Assyrian royal palace.
The role Serua-eterat played in the court of her brother Ashurbanipal once Esarhaddon was dead and her eventual fate is unknown.
A later Aramaic story based on the civil war between her brothers Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin (652–648 BC) gives Serua-eterat a central role in the negotiations before the civil war started, 652 BC.
The 2018 Utah House of Representatives election was held in the U.S. state of Utah on November 6, 2018, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the 63rd Utah State Legislature.
The Qwabe chiefdom (amaQwabe) is the senior branch of the House of Malandela the royal Embo-Nguni family, descendant from Qwabe(1575) the son of Malandela or Mayandeya the king of the Embo-Nguni.
The amaQwabe are the senior and larger clan of the Makhanya and the Zulu clans all descending from one common ancestor, Malandela.
They are descendant from Qwabe (whose name means a Large 'musical bow'/single-stringed harp) the eldest son of Malandela and his wife Nozidiya/Nozinja of the Zungu clan.
In accordance with Embo-Nguni customary practices when Qwabe inherited the chieftainship, he went and built a new homestead to serve as the center of the kingdom.
At its peak the amaQwabe occupied central KwaZulu-Natal, they were found beneath the Amandawe and Ngoye Hills, south of the Mhlathuze River until it reached the Mthethwa and Dube areas, up the Mhlathuze River almost as far as Nkandla forest, winding up between the Mhlathuze and Tugela Rivers and finally overflowing into Natal.
Before amaQwabe occupation the area between the Mhlathuze and Tugela rivers was occupied by the Cele clan a sub-branch of the Mthethwa kingdom.
The Qwabe drove out the Thuli and Cele clans as well as the amaMbili, amaKwela and amaKomo tribes, from between the Mhlathuze and the Tugela rivers into the coast district of Natal.
The expansion of this kingdom over territory and smaller chiefdom was enough to regard it as one of the few larger kingdoms of the region.
The kingdom under Phakawayo kaKhondlo and generally was characterized by seven large villages, each headed by an important member from the ruling lineage.
Jason Shoaf is a Republican politician who currently serves as a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 7th District, which includes Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Jefferson, Lafayette, Liberty, Madison, Taylor, and Wakulla Counties, and part of Leon County, since he was first elected in a 2019 special election.
Shoaf worked as a businessman prior to entering politics, serving as the vice-president of St. Joe Natural Gas Company and Gulf South Self Storage and Alliance Property Management.
He was appointed to the board of the Port St. Joe Port Authority Board and to the board of Triumph Golf Coast, a state-run non-profit tasked with disbursing funds recovered from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Following Halsey Beshear's resignation from the House to serve as Secretary of the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation, a special election was held to replace Beshears in the House.
Shoaf announced that he would run in the special election, and faced Lynda Bell, the Sneads City Manager and a former Miami-Dade County Commissioner; and 2018 congressional candidate Virginia Fulle in the primary election.
He was endorsed by several prominent North Florida Republican politicians—former State House Speaker Allan Bense, former State Senate President Don Gaetz, and Congressman Matt Gaetz—while Watkins was endorsed by local sheriffs and the state's police and firefighter unions and Bell was endorsed by a right-to-life group.
The campaign grew heated and personal, with a fight between Shoaf and Watkins almost breaking out after Watkins alleged that Shoaf touched his fiancée, an allegation Shoaf denied.
Ultimately, despite the perceived closeness of the race, Shoaf ended up winning by a wide margin, receiving 49% of the vote to Watkins's 27%, Bell's 20%, and Fuller's 4%.
Against Terrell, Shoaf focused on his conservative positions, like his support for Donald Trump, gun rights, and anti-abortion legislation, but also campaigned on nonpartisan issues, like helping the district recover from Hurricane Michael.
Ultimately, despite the district's Democratic voter registration and history of supporting downballot Democratic candidates, Shoaf prevailed over Terrell in a landslide, winning 71% of the vote to Terrell's 29%.
The Greenbelt-Glenmont Line, designated as C7 & C9, was a former line operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority from September, 2000, all the way up to June 28, 2009, between both the Greenbelt & Glenmont Metro Stations, only during weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times.
From February 19, 1978, all the way up until January, 1985 , C7 initially operated all the way between the Silver Spring Metro Station & former E.J.
In January, 1985, shortly after both the Grosvenor & Twinbrook Metro Stations opened, C7 was truncated to only operate between the Silver Spring & Twinbrook Metro Stations, via the Parklawn Building & Grosvenor Metro Station.
This particular line was created as an experiment by WMATA in order to improve the cross-county Metrobus connections between both Prince George's County, MD & Montgomery County, MD.
Both C7 & C9 would operate on different routing between the Greenbelt Metro Station and intersection of Randolph Road & Old Columbia Pike in Fairland, MD.
Both C7 & C9 would then rejoin each other and operate on the exact same routing between the intersection of Randolph Road & Old Columbia Pike in Fairland, MD and the Glenmont Metro Station, via Randolph Road & Georgia Avenue (MD 97).
The reason why this particular route change was made was so that the same level of Metrobus service could be provided on the segment of the former Z1 Metrobus Route between the Verizon Chesapeake Complex & Glenmont Metro Station, via Muskgrove Road, Fairland Road, Tamarack Road, Randolph Road, & Georgia Avenue (MD 97), as the Z1 Metrobus Route was discontinued during this time.
However; C9 not only managed to replace the segment of C7's routing on Randolph Road between the intersections of Old Columbia Pike & Tamarack Road in Fairland, MD, but also the segment of the former Z4 Metrobus Route between the intersection of Randolph Road & Old Columbia Pike and the Glenmont Metro Station, which was discontinued on September 26, 2004.
The segment of C7's routing between the Greenbelt Metro Station and intersection of Sunnyside Avenue & Tucker Road in Beltsville, MD, was completely taken over by both the 89 & 89M Metrobus Routes.
There was no replacement Metrobus service provided on the intersections of both Tucker Road & Ewing Road, which C7 operated on.
The segment of C7's routing between the intersection of Rhode Island Avenue & Baltimore Avenue (U.S. Route 1) & the Centerpark Office Park in Beltsville, MD, was fully taken over by the 86 Metrobus Route, which has its Calverton terminus inside the Centerpark Office Park in Beltsville, MD.
The segment of C7's routing between the intersection of Beltsville Drive & Powder Mill Road (MD 212) in Calverton, MD & intersection of Broadbirch Drive & Plum Orchard Drive in Westfarm, MD, was fully taken over by both the R2 & R5 Metrobus Routes.
The segment of C9's routing between the Greenbelt Metro Station and intersection of Baltimore Avenue (U.S. Route 1) & Greenbelt Road (MD 193), was fully taken over by both the 81 & C2 Metrobus routes.
The segment of C9's routing on Baltimore Avenue (U.S. Route 1) between the intersections of Greenbelt Road (MD 193) & Cherry Hill Road, was fully taken over by the 86 Metrobus Route.
The segment of C9's routing on Cherry Hill Road between the intersection of Baltimore Avenue (U.S. Route 1) & the Cherry Hill Park Campground, via the Seven Springs Village Apartment Complex, was fully taken over by both the 81 & 83 Metrobus routes.
No replacement Metrobus service was provided on Cherry Hill Road between the Cherry Hill Park Campground and intersection of Powder Mill Road (MD 212).
Although both the R2 & R5 Metrobus Routes replaced the segment of C9's routing on Cherry Hill Road between the intersections of Powder Mill Road (MD 212) & Broadbirch Drive, R2 & R5 only operated on that particular stretch of Cherry Hill Road after returning back from their Calverton terminus at the intersection of Plum Orchard Drive & Broadbirch Drive.
This meant that there would be no replacement service on Cherry Hill Road between the intersections of Powder Mill Road (MD 212) & Broadbirch Drive, in the westbound direction.
There would also be no replacement Metrobus service on the segment of C9's routing on Cherry Hill Road between the intersections of Broadbirch Drive & Old Columbia Pike.
The segment of C7's former routing between the intersection of Calverton Boulevard & Galway Drive in Calverton, MD & the intersection of Tech Road & Columbia Pike (U.S. Route 29) in Fairland, MD, was fully taken over by the Z6 Metrobus Route.
The segment of C9's routing between the intersection of Randolph Road & Old Columbia Pike and intersection of Randolph Road & Tamarack Road in Fairland, MD, and C7 & C9's routing between the intersection of Randolph Road & Tamarack Road in Fairland, MD and intersection of Randolph Road & New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) in Colesville, MD, was completely replaced by Montgomery County Ride On bus route 10.
The remaining segment C7 & C9's routing between the intersection of Randolph Road & New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) in Colesville, MD & the Glenmont Metro Station, was fully taken over by the C8 Metrobus Route.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Beijing (; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the People's Republic of China.
Mahdi was then appointed Chargé d'affaires of the mission until the arrival of the first Indonesian ambassador to China, Arnold Mononutu.
The period between the failed 30 September Movement in 1965 and the transfer of power in Indonesia from Sukarno to Suharto in 1967 saw the deterioration of Indonesia–China relations.
The Indonesian government assumed that China was involved in the 30 September Movement that killed six high ranking generals of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.
Several large demonstrations in front of the Indonesian embassy included in April when 'revoluationary masses' forced their way into the embassy and in August when the Red Guards stormed the embassy.
The Indonesian government deemed that the ambassador in China at the time, Djawoto, was left-leaning and sympathetic to the Communist Party of Indonesia.
After more than 20 years of frozen diplomatic relations, on 23 February 1989, Indonesia and China announced that the two countries would restart diplomatic relations.
This statement was announced after a meeting between President Suharto and Foreign Minister Qian Qichen of China in Tokyo, Japan, during Suharto's visit to the country to attend the funeral of Emperor Hirohito.
On 3 July 1990, a joint communiqué signed in Beijing stated that the official restart of diplomatic relations will commence on 8 August 1990.
After the relations recommenced in 1990, the chancery was located at Building B of the Sanlitun Diplomatic Building Office in the Chaoyang District.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place for Limerick County Council.
After a modern courthouse facility was opened in Mulgrave Street in March 2018, the old courthouse at Merchant's Quay was converted into offices.
Go East Anglia originally did not operate any buses in its own right, with all being legally operated by Konectbus Limited, H.C.Chambers & Son Limited or Hedingham & District Omnibuses Limited.
The International Journal of Geomechanics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers that focuses on geomechanics, emphasizing theoretical aspects, to include computational and analytical methods, and related validations.
The 2008–09 season started poorly, and by late September only the three teams that had been docked points prior to the start of the season had lower league positions.
After a run of thirteen games without a win in any competition Paul Fairclough announced his resignation to take up a role as director and leaving the first team duties to his assistant Ian Hendon.
Miss USA World 1962 was the 1st edition of the Miss USA World pageant and it was held in the Huntington Field House in Huntington, West Virginia and was won by Amedee Chabot of California.
The 2020 HFX Wanderers FC season will be the second season in the club's history, as well as second season in Canadian Premier League history.
She works as an applications specialist and lab manager at California Institute of Technology's facility for flow cytometry and cell sorting.
Diamond is the applications specialist and lab manager of the flow cytometry and cell sorting facility at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California.
The lab studies immature cells in the human immune system and the signals that influence what specialist roles the cells take on.
In 1981, she was forced out of City of Hope Research Institute where she worked because a coworker discovered she was gay and began sabotaging her lab experiments.
Diamond has devoted her work with NOGLSTP to empowering LGBTQ+ people in STEM and fighting against discrimination that LGBTQ+ individuals face in the workplace.
The 2019 London Senior Football Championship was the 116th edition of London GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in London.
The tournament consists of 8 teams, with the winner going on to represent London in the Connacht Senior Club Football Championship.
Neasden Gaels made the straight bounce back to the senior grade after just one seasons in the Intermediate grade by winning the 2018 London I.F.C.
crown and second in a row when defeating Fulham Irish in the final by 1-11 to 1-10 at McGovern Park for the second year running.
Due to the fact that Parnells conceded walk-overs for two fixtures during the group stage, they were automatically eliminated from the competition and were relegated.
A scion of a prominent Hudson River family, Ludlow was born in 1810 on Greenwich Street in New York City, which was a fashionable residential area at the time.
Among his siblings was older brother Robert Henry Ludlow (who married Cornelia Le Roy) and Ann Eliza Gabriella Ludlow (wife of Horatio Gates Lewis).
His paternal grandparents were Gabriel George Ludlow and Anne (née Verplanck) Ludlow (sister of Gulian Verplanck, the Federalist Speaker of the New York State Assembly).
The first Ludlow in America was Gabriel Ludlow, who settled in New Amsterdam in 1694 and became a prominent and influential merchant and a clerk of the New York General Assembly.
Ludlow studied medicine and duly received his degrees and diploma from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1831 before becoming a medical doctor.
After practicing medicine for a few years, he turned to business, relinquishing his practice and in 1836 opening a real estate office at 11 Broad Street.
In 1850, however, he returned to New York and went into partnership with General Edward Jones Mallett (former Consul-General to Italy during the U.S. Civil War) until Mattlett's retirement in 1856.
In 1856, Ludlow entered into a partnership with Morris Wilkins under the same name as the predecessor firm, E. H. Ludlow & Co., with principal offices located on Pine Street in lower Manhattan.
The firm of auctioneers, real estate agents and brokers, which was the most prominent in New York City, offered to lease Edgewood, the former estate of Frederick Prime (youngest son of banker Nathaniel Prime) on the Long Island Sound.
of New York Edward Philip Livingston and his wife, Elizabeth Stevens Livingston (eldest daughter of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston and granddaughter of Continental Congressman John Stevens).
Situated next to Northwood (her brother Robert Edward Livingston's estate), Pine Lawn was the furthest north of the five subdivisions his father-in-law made to his children.
After a period of feeble health, Ludlow died on November 27, 1884 at 21 East 24th Street, his residence in New York City.
Dr. Charles Comfort Tiffany was held at the Zion Church at Madison Avenue and 38th Street, his remains were interred in the family vault at Tivoli.
Through his son Edward, he was a grandfather of two: Susan Livingston Ludlow, who married Henry Parrish Jr. in 1884, and Edward Hunter Ludlow II, named after him.
Through his daughter Mary, he was a grandfather of seven, including: Anna Rebecca Hall (1863–1892), who married Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt (brother of President Theodore Roosevelt); Valentine Hall III (1867–1934); and Edward Ludlow Hall (1872–1932).
Through his granddaughter Anna, he was the great-grandfather of Gracie Hall Roosevelt and First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of her fifth cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Puente Madre is a village in the municipality of Villamediana de Iregua, in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain.
In 1856 Sir Baldwin Wake Walker submitted a ship design featuring a light deck supporting pivot guns disposed fore and aft.
Sante Portalupi (1 November 1909 – 31 March 1984) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
From 1959 until his death he held the senior position as apostolic delegate or apostolic nuncio in several countries in Latin America and Africa, ending his career as Apostolic Nuncio to Portugal.
In the years that followed, the Holy See established relationships with countries within Portalupi's mandate as delegate, and he took on the additional titles of Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Algeria on 6 March 1972, Pro-Nuncio to Tunisia on 22 March 1972, and Pro-Nuncio to Morocco on 5 March 1976.
These modifications left his role as Delegate to Northern Africa with responsibility for a single country, and his delegate's title changed to Apostolic Delegate to Libya.
When Pope John Paul sought to fulfill the instructions relayed by Sister Lúcia of Fatima calling for the consecration of Russia to the Virgin Mary, Portalupi interviewed her in 1982 and again in 1983 to ascertain whether the instructions had been carried out properly.
Allegheny Airlines Flight 604 was a regularly scheduled daily flight from Pittsburgh International Airport in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark, New Jersey via DuBois, Philipsburg, Williamsport and Wilkes-Barre/Scranton.
Forty occupants were on board (36 passengers and 4 crew members) when during the Williamsport to Wilkes-Barre/Scranton leg a right engine failure and subsequent failure to follow engine out procedures by the flight crew caused the aircraft to crash northeast of the Williamsport Regional Airport.
The aircraft a Convair CV-440 (serial number: 125) registered N8415H had 26,266 hours on the air frame and had been delivered to Allegheny in 1953.
Flight crew included Captain Allen J. Lauber hired in 1955 he was time certified in the DC-3, CV240/340/440 as well as M 2-0-2.
First officer James P. McClure was hired by the airline in 1961, had 5,061 hours total time and 1,410 hrs in the CV-440.
Flight attendant Barbara A. Creske was hired in 1963 and had mandatory recurring emergency training the month prior to the crash.
Flight 604 departed from runway 09 at Williamsport Regional Airport when personnel in the airports control tower noticed smoke trailing from the right engine.
An aircraft mechanic at the airport estimated to aircraft to be at 500 ft above the runway threshold of the 27 end of runway 09/27.
A witness in her yard estimated the aircraft to be 700 to 900 feet above her house when it passed overhead and disappeared beyond a ridge.
The aircraft bounced several times, the left wing was ripped off 38 feet from the tip by a telephone pole, the right wing was ripped off 24 feet from the tip after digging into the hill.
Vladislav Borisovich Kosarev (; born 16 November 1937) is a Kazakhstani politician, member of Mazhilis, secretary of the Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan (QKHP) and the leader of the People's Communist group from 2012 to 2018.
He worked as a tractor driver on the Borovsk state farm in the Rusayevsk region of Kokshetau Oblast and then served in the Soviet army from 1956 to 1959.
In 1958, Kosarev joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and in 1959, he began working as the secretary of the Borovsk state farm's Komsomol (Communist Youth League) and two years later became the secretary of the Party Committee at the Michurinskiy, Volodarskiy, and Chervonnyy state farms.
He became the first secretary of the Kokshetau Oblast Komsomol in 1970 and in 1973 the first secretary of the Leninskiy regional Party Committee.
From 1980 to 1990, he was the chairman of the Kokchetav regional committee of the agricultural workers union and then became a chairman of the Kokshetau Oblast Council of Labor Unions until 1997.
A. Kholodkov, Kosarev founded the Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan (QKHP) and was the Secretary of the Central Committee until June 2013.
Since January 2012, he is the Member of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, representing QKHP and was a parliamentary leader until September 2018, when he was succeeded by Aiqyn Qongyrov.
The 2020 Supersport World Championship will be the twenty-fourth season of the Supersport World Championship, the twenty-second held under this name.
In 2015, Lingwood was made a Professor of Fluid Dynamics and Vice Principal for Education at Queen Mary University of London.
The 2020 ARCA Menards Series East season will be the 34th season of the ARCA Menards Series East, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR.
It will begin on February 10 at New Smyrna Speedway with the New Smyrna 175, and will conclude September 12 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway.
2020 marks the first season the series was known as the ARCA Menards Series East, as it was known as the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East for the previous ten years.
As part of the unification of the East and West series with the ARCA Menards Series, the schedule decreased from fourteen races in 2019 to eight races in 2020.
The races at Memphis International Raceway, Iowa Speedway, Watkins Glen International as well as Bristol Motor Speedway's second race were taken and moved from the East Series schedule to the ARCA Menards Series schedule.
New Hampshire Motor Speedway, which had two East Series races in 2019, was reduced to have only one race in 2020.
Five Flags Speedway, Fairgrounds Speedway and Toledo Speedway were added to the East Series schedule, moving over from the ARCA schedule.
Berlin Raceway, which hosted an ARCA race from 1999–2016 and 2018 with an East Series race in 2017 instead, but no race in either series in 2019, was added back on the schedule as an East Series event.
Gateway previously had an East/West combination race as well as an ARCA race, but will now only have one ARCA race, also a Showdown event.
In terms of TV, NBC will continue to broadcast the East Series schedule on tape delay as they have in the past.
The 2019–20 Colorado State Rams men's basketball team represent Colorado State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Rams play their home games at Moby Arena on CSU's main campus in Fort Collins, Colorado as members of the Mountain West Conference.
The Rams finished the 2018–19 season 12–20, 7–11 in Mountain West play to finish in a three-way tie for seventh place.
While at Oxford, was a member of the Oxford University Boat Club and was a member of the winning Oxford crew in the 1864 Boat Race.
Although Pocklington did not feature in first-class cricket for Oxford University Cricket Club, he did play for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at Nottingham in 1862, where he scored 27 runs and took 2 wickets in the match.
After graduating from Oxford, Pocklington took holy orders, becoming the curate of Tithby in Nottinghamshire until his death in June 1870 at Pimlico.
His grandmother was Jane Addison, who was the first woman in the United Kingdom to petition a divorce (with the ability to remarry) against her husband through an Act of Parliament and to do so with success.
During the Croatian War of Independence he was taken captive by Serb troops and presumably killed, although his remains have not been found .
It is responsible for executing control of space defense and space domain awareness units to protect and defend U.S. space capabilities.
Joint Task Force–Space Defense was established immediately after the establishment of United States Space Command on August 29, 2019.A ceremony recognizing the establishment of the JTF–SD was held on October 21, 2019 at Schriever AFB.
Egg Yolk Jubilee is a band based in New Orleans and noted for their eclectic musical style, combining jazz, blues, funk, and rock elements.
Known for antics such as throwing fake fried eggs at the audience, their musical style has been noted for its humor and intelligence, leading to critics to compare them to Frank Zappa and George Clinton.
David Augustus Clarkson (September 6, 1793 – November 24, 1850) was a Hudson River valley landowner and member of several prominent families.
On October 4, 1827, Clarkson was married to Margaret Livingston (1808–1874) at Clermont, the Livingston family estate on the Hudson River.
of New York Edward Philip Livingston and his wife, Elizabeth Stevens Livingston (eldest daughter of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston and granddaughter of Continental Congressman John Stevens).
After this death in 1850, his wife divided their Hudson River estate into two, with the north lot (containing Chiddingstone) going to son Thomas, who razed the elder Clarkson's home and, around 1860, constructed a new Italianate and classical brick home in its place, also called Chiddingstone.
After her death in 1860, the property was sold to William H. Hunt of New Orleans for his wife Elizabeth Ridgely (a great-granddaughter of Chancellor Livingston through his daughter Margaret).
Through his daughter Elizabeth, he was a grandfather of Robert Morgan Gibbes Barnwell (1858–1930), who married Elizabeth Marie (daughter of Albin Marie) in 1883.
Through his son Thomas, he was a grandfather of David Augustus Clarkson (1858–1952), an 1881 Columbia graduate who served as president of the Real Estate Board of Brokers.
Rosskeen is a parish in Ross and Cromarty on the Cromarty Firth in northern Scotland, containing the settlements of Invergordon, Bridgend and Saltburn.
She was born in Paris to Suzanne Lang and Dr. Léon Zadoc-Kahn, former Chief Medical Officer of the in Paris and president of the central committee of Keren haYesod France.
During her studies, she was a student of the Russian-born astronomer Benjamin Jekhowsky, of the Paris Observatory and then at the Algiers Observatory.
She had regular contact with leading contemporary scientists of the day, including theoretical physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, to whom she was introduced by her father's friend, Sylvain Lévi, an expert in Sanskrit and oriental studies.
He retained a deep personal affection for her, later relating to her the conversations and lectures of Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger.
She married Jacques Charles Eisenmann, an engineer from Dijon two years her elder, on 22 December 1930 in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.
When the French forces were defeated by Nazi Germany in 1940, her brother, Bertrand Zadoc-Kahn (20 November 1901 - 17 June 1940), a cardiologist at the American Hospital of Paris, committed suicide by shooting himself.
The American financier, Eugene Meyer, had offered sanctuary to her father - Meyer's cousin - in the U.S.A., as he had already resettled two other families of his European relatives; the Zadoc-Kahns declined, however, so deeply affected were they by their son's death.
During the Vichy government era of World War II that followed, her parents were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp, amongst 76,000 Jews who were rounded up and deported from France; they were killed in the camp in 1943.; She herself was hidden by a Roman Catholic family for the duration of the war.
She met Bose again upon his return to Europe in 1951, an event which she described as her first happiness after the death of her parents.
1017 Jacqueline, a carbonaceous asteroid, discovered in 1924 by her former teacher Benjamin Jekhowsky at the Algiers Observatory, was named in her honour.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The regiment was formed on 15 September 1936 in Rome as 4th Tank Infantry Regiment with six battalions: VIII, IX, X, and XII assault tanks battalions and the II and V breach tanks battalion.
During the same year the regiment raised two battalions for service in Libya: the XX Assault Tanks Battalion on 5 June and XXI Assault Tanks Battalion on 1 October.
For their service during the Western Desert Campaign the XX and XXI assault tanks battalions were each awarded a Bronze Medal of Military Valour, which are nowadays displayed on the war flag of the 4th Tank Regiment.
On 30 November the V Breach Tanks Battalion moved from Rome to Riva del Garda and joined the 1st Tank Infantry Regiment.
As the Fiat 3000 light tanks were obsolete the CCCXII battalion was transferred as garrison unit to Rhodes in the Italian Islands of the Aegean on 30 March 1940.
The I Tankers Grouping participated in the Italian invasion of Egypt in September, but stopped in Sidi Barrani, where the Italian units dug in.
When the British counterattack began on 9 December 1940 the Italian tank units were deployed piecemeal and easily defeated by the more numerous and better British tanks.
On 20 January during the British capture of Tobruk the position of the 4th regiment was overrun by the 19th Australian Brigade with such ferocity that 70% of the officers, including both battalion commanders, and 50% of the troops of the regiment were killed in action.
Between 10 June 1940 and 21 January 1941 the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment and the III and V tank battalions' casualties were: 15 officers killed and 14 wounded out of 34, and 148 soldiers killed and 244 wounded out of 538.
As of 2019 all three medals are attached to the 4th Tank Regiment's war flag and displayed on the regiment's coat of arms.
The regiment was officially declared lost on 25 January 1941 and reformed on 15 March 1941 in Rome as training unit.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
In total the regiment fields 54x Ariete main battle tanks: 13x per company, plus one for the battalion commander and one for the regiment commander.
The 2020 Orlando City SC season is the club's tenth season of existence in Orlando and sixth season in Major League Soccer, the top-flight league in the United States soccer league system.
On October 7, 2019, one day after the final game of the 2019 season, Orlando City parted ways with head coach James O'Connor.
On November 21, 2019, it was announced that a total of 14 players would not return either because their contract had expired, they had their contract option declined or, in the case of Danilo Acosta, they returned to their parent club after their loan expired.
Another notable departure was Cristian Higuita who had been the sole remaining member of the team's inaugural MLS roster in 2015 and departed as the club's leading appearance maker with 108 across all competitions.
Having emphasized the importance Homegrown players the previous offseason, Orlando signed the sixth and seventh Homegrown players in club history in December, signing David Loera following his junior year at NC State and Jordan Bender from USL affiliate Orlando City B.
The team also did a significant amount of recruiting in South America, bringing in Colombian midfielder Andrés Perea, Argentine defender Rodrigo Schlegel and Brazilian defender Antônio Carlos all on one-year loans from Atlético Nacional, Racing Club and Palmeiras respectively while Brazilian midfielder Júnior Urso joined permanently from Corinthians.
Orlando City reported for the start of preseason at their new training facility on January 20 before a closed-door friendly against Stetson University five days later.
The team will travel to Cancún, Mexico, for a nine day training camp beginning January 27 that will feature games against Columbus Crew and third-tier Mexican team Inter Playa before returning to Orlando for further friendlies against Montreal Impact, Tampa Bay Rowdies, D.C. United, reigning Icelandic champions KR Reykjavík and San Antonio FC with both the Montreal and KR games open to the public at Exploria Stadium.
The KR match will mark the first time since the 2016 game against Bahia that Orlando has hosted foreign opposition in preseason.
Outside of the club, Inter Miami and Nashville SC joined the league as expansion franchises, bringing the total number of MLS clubs to 26.
Because Nashville were placed in the Western Conference the teams will only meet once in regular-season league play in 2020, in Orlando on September 12.
They are still scheduled to play every Eastern Conference opponent both home and away, and all but three Western Conference opponents once.
The three teams Orlando will not face in regular-season league play in 2020 are Los Angeles FC, San Jose Earthquakes and Seattle Sounders.
Following a restructuring to the competition, Orlando City became one of 11 MLS teams to now enter the U.S. Open Cup in the third round instead of the fourth round because they did not finish as a top 12 US-based team in the previous MLS season.
Esther Moyal (née Lazari or al-Azharī; 1874, Beirut – 1948, Jaffa) was a Lebanese Jewish journalist, writer and women's rights activist.
Raised in a middle-class Sephardic family, Moyal was fluent in Arabic, French, and English and was tutored by Arabic writer Muḥammad al-Bakr.
She graduated with a degree in 1890, either from the American College for Girls in Beirut or the Syrian Protestant College.
Moyal taught at Christian and Jewish schools and translated novels and novellas into Arabic, including the novels of Alexandre Dumas and Émile Zola.
Playing through the pain, he returned for the NCAA tournament appearance and scored six points in the 73-58 loss to UCF in the round of 64.
On January 28, Evans scored his 2,000th career point in a win against crosstown rival Richmond, finishing with nine points and three assists.
A large focus of the program was towards new shuttle boosters and an upgrades to the external tank but also looked to expand NASA's ability to launch deep space missions and build large modular space stations.
Many of these concepts and studies would shape the concepts and programs of the 2000s such as Constellation, Orbital Space Plane Program, and Artemis program.
The Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle was a study by NASA to turn the Space Shuttle launch stack into a dedicated uncrewed cargo launcher.
The external tank and Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) would be combined with a cargo module that take the place of the shuttle orbiter and include the Space Shuttle Main Engines.
A ballistic return pod would be used as the main engine structure and carrie 2-4 SSMEs as well as mount the payload / booster stage.
Various Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle concepts were investigated between 1984 and 1995 and it would eventually become known as the Shuttle-C (the Shuttle-C would not include a ballistic return pod and had expendable engines).
The Shuttle-C concept would theoretically cut development costs for a heavy launch vehicle by re-using technology developed for the shuttle program.
With the Shuttle-C, it was thought that the lower maintenance and safety requirements for the uncrewed vehicle would allow a higher flight rate.
The Shuttle-C could also launch an uncrewed lunar lander and propulsion module while a second vehicle would launch the Crew Exploration Vehicle to perform lunar missions.
In the early 1990s, NASA engineers planning a crewed mission to Mars included a Shuttle-C design to launch six non reusable 80-ton segments to create two Mars ships in Earth orbit.
After President George W. Bush called for the end of the Space Shuttle by 2010, these proposed configurations were put aside.
The Magnum would have been a booster some tall, on the scale of the Saturn V and was originally designed to carry a human mission to Mars.
It was to have used two strap-on side boosters, similar to the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs), but using liquid fuel instead.
Some designs had the strap-on boosters using wings and jet engines, which would enable them to fly back to the launch area after they were jettisoned in flight.
The National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit.
Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study.A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine.
The NLS-1 was the largest of three proposed vehicles and would have used a modified Space Shuttle external tank for its core stage.
A payload or second stage would have fit atop the core stage, and two detachable Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters would have been mounted on the sides of the core stage as on the Shuttle.
The ASRM would have produced additional thrust in order to increase shuttle payload, so that it could carry modules and construction components to the ISS.
The ASRM program was canceled in 1993 after robotic assembly systems and computers were on-site and approximately 2 billion dollars spent, in favor of continued use, after design flaw corrections, of the SRB.
The boosters would have a similar flight path fo the solid rocket motors, separating and deploying a parachute for recovery in the Atlantic Ocean.
As part of the Constellation program, the first stage of the Ares I rocket was planned to use five-segment SRBs – in September 2009 a five-segment Space Shuttle SRB was static fired on the ground in ATK's desert testing area in Utah.
The first test of a SRB for SLS was completed in early 2015, a second test was performed in mid 2016 at Orbital ATK's Promontory, Utah facility.
DARPA studied modifying the current external tank design to be able to carry low density payloads in a 7.6 or 10.6 fairing where the oxygen tank was currently.
The oxygen tank would need to be redesigned as a cylindrical tank rather than conical and the clamshell payload fairing would be mounted directly on it.
These studies were eventually abandoned due to the fact that the new aerodynamic profile would make a Return to Launch Site (RTLS) maneuver impossible.
The proposal was reconfigured as an Aft Cargo Carrier (ACC) to be positioned towards the bottom of the tank rather on top.
It would have a larger payload bay with an additional in length giving it a payload capacity of expected to carry payloads of up to .
A new wing root and carry-through structure was designed to handle the additional weight at landing, keeping the outboard section of the original wings and requiring minimal modification.
An undefined need for more payload led to the idea of using the lee side section of the payload bay (at entry angle of attack) could be used as an expanded payload bay.
The hypersonic aerodynamic characteristics during re-entry stayed mostly the same however issues would have most likely occurred at subsonic speeds without a high angle of attack.
A payload bay segment would be added to the rear of the spacecraft and look very similar to the albeit with a few differences.
As much equipment as possible would be stored and positioned in the rear of the craft to make up for lost weight and compensate for a lack of engines.
From the late 1980s to the early 2000s NASA, in one form or another, pursued the Crew Return Vehicle; a small spaceplane / capsule capable of returning crew from a space station in the event of an emergency.
The concept utilized a series of canisters mounted in the payload bay that would carry 68-74 passengers in a double deck configuration similar to a Boeing 747.
This moved the center of mass forward requiring minor changes to the wing structure adding more canard-like surfaces to allow more lifting surface.
Precipitation runoff from the peak drains west into headwaters of the East Anderson River, or east into headwaters of the Coldwater River.
The mountain was named for the alpaca, as part of the ungulate names theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of the 1965 first ascent party.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Alpaca Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Very Rev John MacDonald (1860–1947) was a Free Church of Scotland Minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1915.
He was ordained as a minister of the Free Church of Scotland at Acharacle in 1891. in 1895 he was translated to Raasay.
Eric Rasmusen is the Dan R. and Catherine M. Dalton Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy at Indiana University Bloomington.
Married in 1895, Tata's husband was progressive and supported the education of his wife and daughter, hiring tutors to help her with her schooling.
In 1909, Tata, who was Parsi, developed an interest in Theosophy and within a few years made the acquaintance of Annie Besant.
Around the same time, in 1911, she met Sophia Duleep Singh, a British suffragist with Indian heritage, who influenced her development as a suffragist.
A founding member and the general secretary of the Women's Indian Association, she became one of the women who petitioned for enfranchisement before the Montagu-Chelmsford investigation in 1917.
When the reforms which were proposed failed to include women's suffrage, Tata and other feminists began protesting and publishing articles on the need for the vote.
Nonetheless, the Southborough Committee also rejected the inclusion of enfranchisement for women and sent their recommendations to the Joint Select Committee of the House of Lords and Commons.
Tata was chosen by the Bombay Suffrage Committee to travel to England to present the case in favor of suffrage to the Joint Committee.
Compiling a report to substantiate the claim for suffrage, Tata and her daughter Mithan made two presentations to the government and traveled throughout the country to try to gain support for their cause.
Though unable to influence the reform act to include complete suffrage for women, the final bill did allow provisions for Indian provinces to enfranchise women if they chose to do so.
She continued to work for voting rights and legislation protecting children until her husband was injured in an accident and required her care.
Tata died in 1941 and is remembered as one of the prominent suffragists in the early struggle for the vote in India.
He was progressive in his thoughts on women's education and hired tutors to help Tata in her wish to further her education.
Taking a position in a mill in Ahmedabad, the family remained there until 1913, when they relocated to Bombay, where Ardeshir became manager of a large textile mill.
At the 1912 convention in Benaras, she met Annie Besant, who had become president of the Theosophical Society Adyar in 1908.
Charmed by her enthusiasm for the cause and after reading the literature Singh later sent, Tata became active in the fight for women's enfranchisement.
Edwin Montagu, Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India traveled to the country with the aim of soliciting opinion on a limited political devolution of British power.
In 1917, Margaret Cousins founded the Women's Indian Association in Adyar to create a vehicle for women to influence government policy.
On 15 December 1917, Sarojini Naidu led a deputation of 14 leading women from throughout India to present the call to include women's suffrage in the new Franchise Bill under development by the Government of India.
As the next step of the process, the Southborough Franchise Committee was formed to develop the electoral regulations for implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms.
Their report issued in April 1919 also rejected including women's suffrage, as they felt the conservative society would be against it.
When Lord Southborough sent his report to the Joint Select Committee of the House of Lords and Commons, the Bombay Committee on Women's Suffrage decided to send Tata and her daughter Mithan to give evidence along with Sir Sankaran Nair.
The Bombay Suffrage Committee financed the trip with funds provided by Tata Limited, but as all of the expenses were not covered, Tata's husband, Ardeshir, who encouraged her to go, provided the remaining funds needed.
She wrote to influential people in a wide range of organizations to gain their support for the cause and was an active speaker at events.
They were very successful in their pleas which resulted in the India Office being inundated with resolutions of support for women's suffrage in India.
They were also present for the final reading of the bill in December 1919, which included a clause that Indian provinces could enfranchise women if they chose to do so.
Initially planning to stay through the end of the year, Tata and her daughter decided to remain in England when Mithan was accepted for post graduate studies at the London School of Economics.
Tata also enrolled at the school and though she did not obtain a degree, she took courses between 1919 and 1922 in administration, economics, and social science.
Though not elected, Tata was proposed as a member of the international board, which was the first time Indian women could qualify for administrative positions in the organization.
An injury which caused Ardeshir to lose his sight, curtailed her ability to participate as actively as she had formerly, as she became his caregiver.
Much of her legacy was overshadowed by her more famous daughter, but writer and activist Rita Banerji said Tata was one of the central figures in the fight for suffrage in India.
This is a comprehensive list of the current judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, commonly referred to as DC Superior Court.
The court is assisted by the service of 24 magistrate judges, as well as retired judges who have been recommended and approved as senior judges.
When a vacancy occurs on the court, the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission invites applications and sends three candidates' names to the President of the United States, who sends one nomination to the U.S. Senate for advice and consent.
And at 2015 also for Omroep Rijswijk The station is only receivable at the Haaglanden area near the city The Hague.
In 2003, Char was ranked by HMV Japan at number 38 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts.
Char came in third in a 2011 goo poll on who the Japanese people thought was the best guitarist to represent the country.
Char spent 1999 touring Japan with Carmine Appice and Tim Bogert in a unit called CB&A, with a live album released the following year.
Char released six cover albums in 2010, each one covering songs by a different act that inspired him; Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, The Beatles, The Ventures, Jimmy Page, and Jimi Hendrix.
That year he also held a free concert at Hibiya Open-Air Concert Hall on July 15, just like he had done in 1979 as part of Johnny, Louis & Char.
The 2019 Kilkenny Senior Football Championship was the 126th edition of the Kilkenny GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Kilkenny, Ireland.
The tournament consisted of 12 clubs with the winner going on to represent Kilkenny in the Leinster Intermediate Club Football Championship.
Samuel C. Woodruff, Jr. was born in Hong Kong Sept. 28, 1858 while his father was the surveyor of the Port of Shanghai.
He later became an accountant at, and eventually a secretary to the trustees of the State Insane Asylum, now commonly known as Western State Hospital.
This land, known as Woodruff's Addition, was platted and sold except for Woodruff's donation of one city block to the city, which built Woodruff Park.
Woodruff engaged in several other real estate projects including Woodruff's Block in downtown Olympia, as well as platting the town of Gate, Washington.
The Peacocks, led by 2nd-year head coach Shaheen Holloway, play their home games at Yanitelli Center in Jersey City, New Jersey as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
The Peacocks finished the 2018–19 season 10–22 overall, 6–12 in MAAC play to finish in a three-way tie for ninth place.
Born in Sucha Beskidzka, in 1989 he graduated from the Antoni Kenar High School of Fine Arts in Zakopane, where he attended the sculpture class.
Since 2002, he has been working as a lecturer at the Painting Department of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he has been running the III Interdisciplinary Studio since 2018.
In his work, Bogusław Bachorczyk deals with topics of history, identity, forms of remembrance and individual discovery of the private past.
An important element of his activity since 2003 is the studio located in Kraków at Czysta Street 17, which is a constantly transformed space for creative exploration.
She received a bachelor's and a master's degree in fashion history from National University of Ochanomizu and studied at Paris-Sorbonne University.
Her catalogue of the collection of the Kyoto Costume Institute has been published in Japanese, English, French, and German by popular German arts books publisher Taschen.
The exhibition was the first comprehensive survey of Japanese avant-garde fashion designers from this period and focused on the works of Issey Miyake, Rei Kawakubo, Yohji Yamamoto, and Junya Watanabe among others.
Her work on Japonism in fashion, inside and outside of Japan, examines western ideas of Japanese dress and how these ideas and styles were re-imported for a Japanese audience.
She has received numerous awards for her work, including honors from the Japanese Commissioner for Cultural Affairs in 2008 and the Academy of Japonism in Japan in 2000; in 2004, she received an honorary doctoral degree from her alma mater, the National University of Ochanomizu.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The regiment was formed on 15 September 1936 in Vercelli as 1st Tank Infantry Regiment with four battalions: I, II, and III assault tanks battalions and the IV Breach Tank Battalion.
The regiment's baptism of fire came during the Italian invasion of France, when the regiment advanced with its battalion into Southern France.
Immediately after ratification of the peace treaty between the allies and Italy on 15 September 1947 the Italians began to rebuild their army.
A first tank battalion with M4 Sherman tanks was raised in spring 1948 in Rome, which moved in June to Casarsa della Delizia to make room for a second M4 Sherman tank battalion.
Regiment and brigade moved in fall 1948 to the Friuli Venezia Giulia region - the regiment to Casarsa della Delizia and the brigade headquarters to Pordenone.
On 1 May 1974 the center was renamed 1st Armored Infantry Regiment and received the war flag and traditions of the 1st Tank Infantry Regiment.
He had played in an under-18 Schoolboy international for Scotland while a pupil at Holy Cross High School in Hamilton and later played at Junior level for Bellshill Athletic after leaving Clyde.
A supporter of Celtic raised in Rutherglen, he had a biography of Bobby Murdoch - from the same town and considered one of its finest sporting products, as well as one of the club's best ever players - published in 2010.
Harvey also published a website inviting other residents of the town to nominate 'Rutherglen's Greatest Player' (Murdoch won the vote) and compiled the 15,000 responses in another book published in 2012.
Aiqyn Oiratuly Qongyrov is a Kazakh politician, member of the Mazhilis, Secretary of the People's Communist Party of Kazakhstan from 2013 and the parliamentary leader from September 2018.
After graduating from high school in 1989, he joined worked as a locksmith at the motor depot of the Kuybyshevsky district agricultural administration.
From 2004 to 2011, Qongyrov was actively engaged in entrepreneurial activities and led the News Print LLP, which was responsible for the publication of the Moscow Komsomolets in Kazakh newspapers.
In 2004, Qongyrov became a member of the Organizing Committee for the establishment of the Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan (QKHP) and then the head of the apparatus of the Central Committee until 2012.
From 2005 to 2006, he was the second secretary of the city committee of Almaty and then became a Member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of QKHP in 2008.
In April 2019, Qongyrov stated that he considered running for president in the 2019 Kazakh presidential election, however, the QKHP chose Jambyl Ahmetbekov who had previously ran in 2011 to be the candidate.
The King Street Transit Priority Corridor is a transit mall located along King Street between Jarvis and Bathurst Streets in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Private vehicles are allowed to use the corridor, but they may only travel up to three blocks along it before they are required to turn right out of the corridor.
Passengers board streetcars from delineated loading areas in the curb lane with barricades at each end to protect waiting passengers from traffic.
Prior to the pilot project, the two curb lanes along King Street were used for rush-hour traffic and for parking in the off-hours.
After the creation of the corridor, space in the curb lanes was converted for other uses such as seating, patios and bicycle parking in order to make the street more pedestrian-friendly.
In 2018, three dozen streetscape improvements were made including eighteen patios, two mini-parks and a number of spaces for artists and public displays.
Fifteen patios were associated with private businesses (usually restaurants) that must pay the City a fee; three other patios were sponsored by businesses for public use.
One space by Roy Thomson Hall is decorated by a wall of plastic crates holding planters separating a sitting area from the streetcar lanes.
Route 503 Kingston Road was upgraded from rush-hour only service to include midday service on a trial basis effective September 3, 2019.
However, effective October 7, 2018, the 514 Cherry route was discontinued and replaced by two new branches of route 504 King, both of which also overlap through the corridor.
On February 20, 2018, route 503 Kingston Rd was modified from rush-hour only to full weekday service (evenings excluded) in order to increase capacity to support ridership in the corridor, which had increased along downtown King Street during the King Street Pilot Project.
Along with this change, route 503 was extended west from York Street to Spadina Avenue and turned back at Charlotte Loop.
As of January 7, 2019, the 503 route returned to shuttle bus operation to accommodate some construction projects; the 503 terminus was moved back to York Street.
Effective September 3, 2019, 503 Kingston Rd service was again upgraded to run midday as well as during rush hours on weekdays.
Effective November 25, 2019, on a trial basis, the Downtown Express buses were relocated to the corridor in order to avoid traffic on their former route along Richmond and Adelaide streets.
In 1993, the streetcar tracks along King Street between Dufferin and Parliament Streets were made reserved lanes for streetcars and taxis only during rush hours.
This effort to improve rush-hour streetcar service failed as there was insufficient police enforcement to prevent illegal parking, resulting in motorists continuing to drive on the tracks.
On March 22, 2007, the TTC proposed a pilot project for a transit mall along King Street, to be implemented in mid-2008.
The proposal suggested reserving the centre lanes for streetcars and making a single lane in one direction available to private vehicles, taxis and delivery vehicles, alternating the lane direction on different blocks.
The street would have been closed entirely to through traffic and streetcars would run at grade, not in a raised median.
This arrangement could eventually have led to the trial implementation of a transit mall on King between Bay Street and Spadina Avenue, with hopes of eventually closing King to cars from Dufferin to Parliament streets.
In February 2017, as part of the King Street Pilot Study, City staff proposed three options, one of which would be submitted to City Council for approval in July and implementation as a pilot in the fourth quarter of 2017.
All three options forbade left turns, and two options forced automobile traffic to leave King Street by a right turn after travelling only one block.
All three options aimed to reduce automobile interference with streetcar operation between Bathurst Street in the west and either Parliament Street or Jarvis Street in the east.
On July 6, 2017, Toronto City Council—by a vote of 34 to 4—approved a one-year, $1.5-million pilot project to improve streetcar service along King Street between Bathurst and Jarvis Streets.
The project would limit automobiles to travel only one block before being forced to turn right, and left turns would be prohibited.
However, over the objections of the TTC, Council granted taxi cabs an exemption on the ban against through traffic between 10pm and 5am.
On October 23, 2017, the City of Toronto published a plan for the King Street Transit Pilot showing the location of streetcar stops and traffic restrictions between Bathurst and Jarvis Streets.
After 16 days of operation, University of Toronto (U of T) researchers determined that the transit mall had reduced the mean travel time for streetcars by 24% westbound (from 22.8 to 17.3 minutes) and 20% eastbound (from 20.6 to 16.4 minutes) during the evening rush hour.
Only 1.3% of streetcars took more than 25 minutes to travel between Jarvis and Bathurst Streets during the evening rush hour versus 19% prior to the pilot.
However, crowding on routes 504 and 514 had increased, forcing riders to wait for room to board as several streetcars passed; improved travel times increased demand for streetcar service through the transit mall.
To address the increased demand, the TTC started to assign two Flexity streetcars, plus future Flexity deliveries from Bombardier, to route 504.
The City's Transportation Services department had yet to adjust traffic light timings to give more green-light time for streetcars within the transit mall.
By December 12, 2017, City staff reported that the transit mall had reduced streetcar travel time during the morning rush hours from 15.3 to 14.9 minutes eastbound and from 15.2 to 14.3 minutes westbound.
During the evening rush hours, travel time was reduced from 18.9 to 17.6 minutes eastbound and 19 minutes to 16.4 minutes westbound.
Statistics differed between the U of T analysis and the City's because different pre-pilot periods were selected and because the U of T study had collected data for a shorter period.
By mid-January 2018, the TTC had released its own analysis, which found that morning rush hour ridership had increased 25% along King Street after implementation of the transit mall and that the average travel time through the transit mall (Bathurst Street to Jarvis Street) had decreased by 14%.
The TTC temporarily replaced streetcars on routes 505 Dundas and 506 Carlton with buses and reassigned those streetcars to other routes, such as 504 King, to handle crowding from increased ridership.
The Ontario Restaurant Hotel and Motel Association reported that 26 restaurants located within the King Street theatre district saw revenue drop by 41% (comparing December 2016 to December 2017).
The City started a campaign to attract customers to local businesses along the mall, such as a public space design competition, street performers, warming stations and special promotions.
In January 2018, to attract automobile customers, the City offered up to $10 in free parking at municipal parking lots in the area.
By May and June 2018, streetcar ridership along King Street had increased overall by 11% since the King Street Pilot Project had started.
The City found that retail business in the area had increased by 0.3%, although some restaurateurs in the John Street area still complained of lost business due to the pilot.
With this improvement, streetcar travel time along the mall was reduced on average by 30 to 126 seconds depending on direction; the change particularly benefitted eastbound streetcars during the evening rush hours.
TSP reduced the chances of a streetcar being stopped at a red light, saving an average of 8 seconds per signaled intersection.
A transponder on the streetcar notifies TSP of a streetcar approaching a signaled intersection; TSP could then extend a green light or shorten a red light facing a streetcar.
On December 13, 2018, Toronto City Council voted 19 to 3 in favour of extending the pilot until July 31, 2019.
From the beginning of the pilot, weekday rush-hour ridership had increased from 72,000 to 84,000 passengers, while people movement had also increased and vehicle traffic had decreased in the pilot area.
However, City staff reported that growth in retail spending fell from 2.5% the year before the pilot to 1.7% during the project.
Both ends of the platform have a bicycle ramp to allow the platform to double as part of a bicycle path.
When a streetcar is not present, waiting streetcar passengers must stand in a white-coloured area behind a yellow tactile divider to allow bicycles to pass.
Prior to his role as Chair, Hicks had served as the President of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor since November 2014.
The safety and efficacy of cenobamate to treat partial-onset seizures was established in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that enrolled 655 adults.
In these studies, patients had partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization for an average of approximately 24 years and median seizure frequency of 8.5 seizures per 28 days during an 8-week baseline period.
During the trials, doses of 100, 200, and 400 milligrams (mg) daily reduced the percent of seizures per 28 days compared with the placebo group.
The recommended maintenance dose, following a titration (medication adjustment) period, is 200 mg daily; however, some patients may need an additional titration to 400 mg daily, the maximum recommended dose, based on their clinical response and tolerability.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved cenobamate in November 2019, and granted the application for Xcopri to SK Life Science Inc.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
During operations in Albania the army realized that the Fiat 3000 light tanks of the two breach tanks battalions were obsolete and it was decided to remove them from frontline service.
On the same day the 31st regiment transferred its two breach tanks battalions to the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment respectively the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment.
During summer of 1939 the division command, the newly raised 131st Armored Artillery Regiment, and the two assault tanks battalions moved to Tirana in Albania, where the Centauro underwent a period of intense training.
Enroute one transport carrying the tanks for one of the companies of the XII battalion was sunk by British warplanes in the Mediterranean.
However the XIII battalion had to be sent to Libya during summer 1942 to replace the losses suffered by the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment in the battles of Gazala, Bir Hakeim, Mersa Matruh, and First El Alamein.
After the Axis defeat in the Second Battle of El Alamein the 31st regiment was sent to North Africa to bolster Rommel's retreating Panzer Armee Afrika for the Tunisian campaign.
The 31st regiment distinguished itself at the battles of El Agheila and El Guettar, before being dissolved in early April 1943 after having suffered heavy losses in the Battle of El Guettar.
The regiment was officially declared lost on 12 April 1943 and reformed on the same day in Siena with the XIX Mixed Tank Battalion, which fielded one M14/41 and one M15/42 company.
Plans to expand the battalion and reform the regiment were thwarted by the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, and the subsequent occupation of Italy by the Germans, who disbanded the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
The 1st Tank Battalion's name commemorated 31st Tank Infantry Regiment Corporal Giovanni Cracco, who had distinguished himself during the Tunisian campaign and was killed in action on 11 April 1943.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fielded the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
In total the regiment fielded 41x Ariete main battle tanks: 13x per company, plus one for the battalion commander and one for the regiment commander.
The North Carolina General Assembly of 18681869 met in Raleigh from November 16, 1868 to April 12, 1869 with a special session from July 1, 1868 to August 24, 1868.
As prescribed in this constitution, the assembly consisted of the 120 members in the North Carolina House of Representatives and 43 senators in the North Carolina Senate elected by the voters on August 6, 1868.
The Constitution of North Carolina was rewritten at the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1868, which met in Raleigh from January 14 to March 17, 1868.
This census would be used to re-evaluate the districts, so that an approximate equal number of residents would be included in each district.
The Lieutenant Governor was designated as the President of the Senate, albeit without a vote unless there was a tie vote.
The assembly ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as required by the United States Congress, on July 4, 1868.
In anticipation of readmission to the U.S. Congress, on June 25, 1868, the assembly elected John Pool of Elizabeth City and Joseph Carter Abbott of Wilmington to the United States Senate.
Instead of building new track, however, it used the funds to speculate in bonds, reward friends with extravagant fees, and enjoy lavish trips to Europe.
This was the first assembly that Blacks were represented in the assembly, including three Black senators and 18 representatives in the House of Representatives.
The House of Representative delegates elected a Speaker (Joseph W. Holden, William A. Moore), Clerk, Assistant Clerk (John H. Boner), Doorkeeper, and Assistant Doorkeeper.
Masterplan Beira 2035 is a program meant to overhaul the water management infrastructure for the city of Beira, Mozambique, with the intent of allowing for future urban development.
This perceived urban renewal is to help mitigate the effects of the increasing ferocity and frequency of environmental phenomena in the region, which has been heavily influenced by climate change.
Due to this fact, as well as Mozambique's vulnerability to climate change, the city is becoming more susceptible to flooding and other water related issues.
This has resulted in Coastal erosion, leading to severe flooding, which has numerous impacts on the community,  including disruptions in movement and accessibility, economic damages, environmental degradation, and health problems, such as increased cases of Malaria and Cholera.
In regards to stormwater and flooding alleviation, Beira plans on building deeper drainage channels, which will flow into a new 150 hectare Retention basin connected to the outer-lying wetlands and ocean.
In order to address coastal defenses, the city aims to dredge the harbor, duo remove the increased sediment left by the higher sea level.
Additionally these projects will also help spur the tourism industry, as the retention basin will also serve as a lagoon while the sand removed will be used in part to create bigger beaches.
In addition to these changes in infrastructure, the plan also aims to address current land use issues, especially in areas prone to flooding.
Due to the cities population growth over the last couple years, and its future projections, Masterplan Beira 2035 plans on implementing changes to land ownership and development policies, in an attempt to stop settlements, which usually lack basic infrastructure, from being constructed in flood prone areas.
Float is a 2019 American animated short film directed and written by Bobby Rubio, produced by Pixar Animation Studios, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Dad (portrayed by Bobby Rubio) is playing with his newborn son Alex (portrayed by Eli Fucile) in the front yard of his house.
Now a toddler, Alex (portrayed by Luna Watson) continues floating all over the darkened house as Dad has become a hermit with a disheveled appearance.
He keeps his son on a leash and stuffs his backpack with rocks to keep him down, although these precautions are later shown to not do much.
Dad pauses in front of a playground and watches the other kids play, but he turns to see that Alex has escaped and is interacting with the other children by floating, scaring and annoying everyone.
Dad hurriedly grabs his son, who begins to have a temper tantrum, resulting in Dad asking his son why he can't be normal (the only moment of dialogue in the film).
Cariñito is a Peruvian cumbia song written by Limeño Ángel Aníbal Rosado in 1979 and first interpreted by the Peruvian group Los Hijos del Sol.
Readapted by numerous international groups and in different musical styles, the song is one of the greater known songs in the realm of Peruvian cumbia and cumbia in general.
In 1979, he composed Cariñito to be adapted by the group led by vocalist Edson Bordaes and accompanied by guitarist José Luis Carvallo.
In the 2019 Panamerican Games in Lima, the song was played in the inaugural parade of countries during the entry of the Peruvian delegation, played to symbolize progress in Peru and its diverse cultural identity.
The song received positive reception from Peruvians, such so that the President of Peru was seen singing and dancing from the Presidential Pulpit in the Estadio Nacional de Lima.
The 1961 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1961 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 17th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, including a victory over in the Orange Blossom Classic for the black college football national championship, and shut out six of ten opponents.
The team's statistical leaders included Robert Paremore with 376 rushing yards, 11 touchdowns and 66 points scored, Emory Collier with 742 passing yards, and Al Denson with 395 receiving yards.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The regiment was formed on 15 September 1936 in Verona as 2nd Tank Infantry Regiment with four battalions: IV, V, and XI assault tanks battalions and the III Breach Tanks Battalion.
The regiment was renamed 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment on 1 December 1938 and received the IV Breach Tanks Battalion in Vercelli from the 1st Tank Infantry Regiment.
On the day of the 32nd regiment's founding, it and the 8th Bersaglieri Regiment entered the II Armored Brigade in Milan, which had been formed on 15 July 1937 with the 3rd Bersaglieri Regiment.
After Italy's entry into World War II on 10 June 1940 the 32nd regiment ceded some of its units to other regiments: the I and II tank battalions M were ceded on 11 June to the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment for transfer to Libya for the planned invasion of Egypt.
The end for the units of the Italian 10th Army came on 6–7 February 1941 when their retreat was blocked by the 7th British Armoured Division at Beda Fomm and the furious and futile attempts of the tank battalions to open a breach in the British line during the Battle of Beda Fomm came to naught.
With 7 February 1941 the 10th Army with all its units and all the reinforcements sent to it had been destroyed or capture by the British XIII Corps.
For its sacrifice the III Tank Battalion M was awarded a Gold Medal of Military Valour, which is nowadays attached to the 32nd Tank Regiment's war flag and displayed on the regiment's coat of arms.
Ultimately the High Command in Rome settled on a plan to repatriate the men of the 32nd and retrain them at the 32nd's depot in Verona.
As the Ariete division had lost 76% of its men during Operation Crusader the 32nd regiment was taken out of the front on 31 December 1941 and sent to the rear.
On 8 January 1942 the 32nd was disbanded and its personnel used to bring the 132nd regiment partially back up to strength.
The war flag of the regiment was then transferred to Verona, where the regiment was activated again in May of the same year.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
The 3rd Tank Battalion's name commemorated 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment Sergeant Bruno Galas, who had fought with the III Tank Battalion in North Africa and was killed in action on 3 January 1941 during the Battle of Bardia.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Silver Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
From 29 December 1992 to 15 March 1994 the regiment participated with some of its companies in the international Unified Task Force and UNOSOM II missions in Somalia.
During this mission on 3 July 1993 the regiment fought in the Battle at Checkpoint Pasta, where for the first time since World War II Italian tanks opened fire at enemy forces.
For its conduct and service in Somalia the regiment was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the regiment's war flag and added to the regiment's coat of arms.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
In total the regiment fields 54x Ariete main battle tanks: 13x per company, plus one for the battalion commander and one for the regiment commander.
William Zorn (born October 8, 1947) is an American folk music singer, banjo player, and guitarist who was a member of The New Christy Minstrels, The Limeliters, and The Kingston Trio, as well as lesser known groups The Windjammers (sometimes styled The Win'jammers) and Arizona Smoke Review.
In the 1960s, Zorn, his brother Pete, and Gaylan Taylor formed a group called The Win'jammers, which performed on USO tours and appeared at the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal.
Other members of Arizona Smoke Review were Phil Beer, Paul Downes, and John Vickers, and later Pete Zorn and Steve Knightley.
Leaving The Limeliters in 2003, Zorn rejoined The Kingston Trio in 2004, singing lead in the place of Bob Shane who retired after a heart attack.
As part of The Kingston Trio, Zorn performed a live concert in Tulsa which was filmed and produced as a 1-hour PBS special.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Contemporary Makeup in Television and New Media Series is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
The award was first given in 2000, during the first annual awards, and was given when the awards were brought back in 2014.
During the 2001 and 2002 ceremonies, as well as ceremonies from 2015 to 2018, the awards made the distinction between regular series and miniseries/television films.
This was amended in 2019, when miniseries nominees were placed alongside continuing series, while television films and specials were given their own category.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment had been deployed to Italian Libya on 24 January 1941 to rebuild Italian forces after the Italian 10th Army had been annihilated during the British Operation Compass.
Ultimately the High Command in Rome settled on a plan to repatriate the men of the 32nd and retrain them at the 32nd's depot in Verona.
Therefore the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment raised a new command company, which was transferred to Libya on 1 June 1941 and gave birth to the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment on 1 September 1941.
As the Ariete division had lost 76% of its men during Operation Crusader the 32nd regiment was taken out of the front on 31 December 1941 and sent to the rear.
On 8 January 1942 the 32nd was disbanded and its personnel used to bring the 132nd regiment partially back up to strength for Erwin Rommel's second offensive.
As the 133rd's XII tank battalion had lost one of its companies to British warplanes in the Mediterranean the 132nd remained the only Italian tank regiment in the North African theater until the 133rd was able to move to the front on 31 May 1942.
On 27 May 1942 the 132nd regiment encountered the 3rd Indian Motor Brigade at Rugbet el Atasc and sent its veteran VIII and IX medium tank battalions forward, while the fresh X medium tank battalion was in second line.
The Indian position was overrun by the VIII and X battalions with the loss of some of which were repairable on the field, killed and , while the Indian brigade lost killed and wounded and about including Admiral Sir Walter Cowan and most of its equipment.
After over-running the 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, the tank battalions of the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment moved to the north-east of Bir Hakeim and the IX Battalion with sixty tanks, changed direction towards the fort of Bir Hakeim defended by the 1st Free French Brigade.
The IX Battalion arrived before the Bir Hakeim minefield and barbed wire at charged and lost and a Semovente 75/18 self-propelled gun.
The remnants of the IX Battalion retired to the main body of the Ariete, which moved north towards Bir el Harmat around noon, following Rommel's original plan, while the Battle of Bir Hakeim continued for another two weeks.
After having defeated the British at Gazala the Axis offensive continued with the capture of Tobruk and the Battle of Mersa Matruh.
After having pursued the British Eighth Army to El Alamein Rommel attacked on 1 July 1942 in the First Battle of El Alamein.
By 3 July Axis forces were heavily decimated and Rommel paused his attack, which allowed the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment to pull back to the abandoned British RAF El Daba airfield where the VIII tank battalion had to be disbanded to bring the remaining two battalions partially up to strength.
By 15 July the 132nd was back at the front attacking the 22nd British Armoured Brigade to the south of Ruweisat Ridge.
On 23 October 1942 the Second Battle of El Alamein commenced during which the 132nd regiment clashed repeatedly with British armored formations, but on 4 November the entire Ariete Division was encircled by the 7th British Armoured Division and annihilated.
For its service from Bir el Gubi to El Alamein the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment was awarded a Gold Medal of Military Valour.
After having been destroyed twice the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment was raised again on 21 March 1944 in Sardinia, as part of the Italian Co-belligerent Army.
While the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment had been sent to Sardinia in September 1942 to defend the island against an allied invasion, then 132nd regiment's task was to manage and maintain the equipment of the for a number of reserve battalions.
On 27 August 1944 the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment was disbanded, followed by the Granatieri division on 31 August, and 32nd regiment on 2 October 1944.
Immediately after ratification of the peace treaty between the allies and Italy on 15 September 1947 the Italians began to rebuild their army.
A first tank battalion with M4 Sherman tanks was raised in spring 1948 in Rome, which moved in June to Casarsa della Delizia to make room for a second M4 Sherman tank battalion.
Regiment and brigade moved in fall 1948 to the Friuli Venezia Giulia region - the regiment to Casarsa della Delizia and the brigade headquarters to Pordenone.
In 1954 the regiment formed a M26 Pershing tank battalion for itself and its two other battalions were also re-equipped with M26 Pershing tanks.
In 1955 the three battalions of the regiment were renumbered and given the traditions of three of the battalions that had served with the 132nd during the Western Desert Campaign.
During the same year the 132nd Tank Regiment ceded its VII Tank Battalion to the 8th Bersaglieri Regiment and received the XXXVIII Bersaglieri Battalion in return.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
The 8th Tank Battalion's name commemorated 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment Corporal Giovanni Secchiaroli, who had fought with the VIII Tank Battalion in North Africa and was killed in action on 27 May 1942 during the Battle of Rugbet el Atasc.
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to reorganize its forces and for traditional reasons battalions were renamed as regiments without changing size or composition.
From 29 December 1992 to 15 March 1994 the regiment participated with in the international Unified Task Force and UNOSOM II missions in Somalia.
For its conduct and service in Somalia the regiment was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the regiment's war flag and added to the regiment's coat of arms.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
In total the regiment fields 54x Ariete main battle tanks: 13x per company, plus one for the battalion commander and one for the regiment commander.
Andreas Bluhm (born 21 December 1973 in Germany) is a German retired footballer who now works as physiotherapist at SC Victoria Mennrath in his home country.
After that, he played for German clubs Alemannia Aachen and Augsburg and New Zealand club Football Kingz before retiring in 2001.
Wind is a 2019 American animated short film directed and written by Edwin Chang, produced by Pixar Animation Studios, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Ellis (portrayed by Emilio Fuentes) and his Grandmother (portrayed by Sonoko Konishi) live in a mysterious sink-hole full of floating rocks and strange debris of disused items and machines.
They manage to make a small home for themselves out of the garbage and feast on potatoes, the only food they are able to grow.
Everyday, Grandma has Ellis attach a cord to himself to float out and collect items that they can use for their benefit.
In particular, the two are building a rocket so that they can escape from the hole and into the bright light at the top.
One day, Ellis discovers an abandoned plane in the wreckage, but is distraught to realize that it can only sit one person.
Grandma offers a plan that he ride the rocket out and simply pull her up with the cord to which he agrees.
Despite some turbulence, Ellis makes it out through the top and lands on the outside where he ends up in a lush field and sees birds flying overhead.
3rd whaling voyage (1812–loss): Still, it was Captain J. Walker who sailed from England on 2 April 1812, bound for Peru.
Loop is a 2020 American animated short film directed and written by Erica Milsom, produced by Pixar Animation Studios, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
The Islander 24 Bahama is a development of the 1961 Islander 24 which itself is a fiberglass development of the wooden-hulled Catalina Islander.
The mold was created by using the hull of one of the wooden boats and the resulting fiberglass boats retained the distinctive wooden board imprints from the mold.
The 1961 Islander 24 features a trunk cabin, but the raised deck Islander 24 Bahama version proved a bigger commercial success and, as a result the Islander 24 had a relatively short production run.
The design was built by McGlasson Marine/Islander Yachts in the United States from 1964 to 1970, with 500 boats completed, but it is now out of production.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a raised transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
The 1959 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 15th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, including a victory over in the Orange Blossom Classic for the black college football national championship.
The team's statistical leaders included Clarence Childs with 537 rushing yards, Theodore Richardson with 354 passing yards, and Williams Barber with 116 receiving yards.
The rugby sevens competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines took place at the Clark Parade Grounds in Angeles, Pampanga.
Marihuana Reconsidered is a 1971 book by Lester Grinspoon about the effects of marijuana and its place in society, first published by Harvard University Press.
The College Park–White Flint Line, designated Route C8, is a bus route that operates Monday to Saturday that is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between College Park–University of Maryland station of the Green Line and White Flint station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro.
Route C8 was known for two different lines, prior to its current line being named under the Aspen Hill-Montgomery Mall Line and Glenmont-College Park Line.
The only route change that C8 went through between this time period, was during the year of 1985, when C8 was minorly rerouted to serve the newly opened Grosvenor & Twinbrook Metro Stations in the middle of its route.
C8 would operate between the College Park-U of MD & Glenmont Metro Stations, via River Road, Paint Branch Parkway, Campus, Adelphi Road, New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650), Randolph Road, & Georgia Avenue (MD 97).
While C8 would not directly enter the National Archives Building of College Park, MD, nor the White Oak FDA/FRC Building, C8 would serve both places at adjacent stops on both Adelphi Road & New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650).
C8 also provided complementary Metrobus service on Adelphi Road between the intersections of Edwards Way & New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650), to the R1 Metrobus Route.
However; unlike the R1 Metrobus Route, which only operated on Adelphi Road between New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) & Edwards Way only in the south direction to its Adelphi terminus at the intersection of Edwards Way & Riggs Road (MD 212), the C8 Metrobus Route operated on Adelphi Road in both the north and south directions between the intersections of Edwards Way & New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650).
WMATA also decided to also extend the C8 Metrobus Route to operate all day on weekdays, as opposed to operating only during rush hour/peak period commuter times, as well as on Saturdays in order to meet the Action for Transit Committee's request for the C8 Metrobus Route to operate more frequently throughout the day (during non-rush hour/peak period commuter times) & Saturdays, but not on Sundays.
During the summer of 2000, WMATA decided to finally meet the full request of the Action for Transit Committee, of extending the C8 Metrobus Route beyond the Glenmont Metro Station, all the way up to the White Flint Metro Station.
During WMATA's 2011 Fiscal Year, route C8 was proposed to be rerouted to operate to Prince George's Plaza station instead of College Park station to replace route R3 service.
It was also proposed to divert Food & Drug Administration and Federal Research Center in White Oak and into Archives II.
This would lead to a loss of ridership for the C8 since it will only have reduced weekday service instead of reduced Monday through Saturday service.
Route C8 would skip its diversion into both the National Archives Building of College Park, MD & White Oak FDA/FRC building on Saturdays when it operated.
Beginning on September 1, 2019 for nine months, the College Park Metrobus loop was temporarily closed for construction of the Purple line at College Park station having all stops located along River Road.
As of result, route C8 was temporarily rerouted along River Road having to turn around on the roundabout along Haig Drive to return to its regular route going to White Flint.
UFC 247: Jones vs. Reyes is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on February 8, 2020 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas.
A light heavyweight title bout between UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones and Dominick Reyes is expected to serve as the headliner.
A women's flyweight title bout between UFC Women’s Flyweight Champion Valentina Shevchenko and Katlyn Chookagian is expected to serve as the co-headliner.
While not officially announced by the organization, the promotion was initially targeting a light heavyweight bout between former title challenger Ovince Saint Preux and Ryan Spann to take place at the event.
The bout was then expected to take place at this event but it was eventually moved to UFC 248 for unknown reasons.
However, Lima was forced off the card on January 22 with a neck injury and he was replaced by Kalinn Williams.
The following article presents a summary of the 2020 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which is the 119th season of competitive football in the country.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A will start on May 3, 2020, and is scheduled to end on December 6, 2020.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B will start on May 2, 2020, and is scheduled to end on November 28, 2020.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C will start on May 3, 2020, and is scheduled to end on November 8, 2020.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D will start on May 3, 2020, and is scheduled to end on November 22, 2020.
The similar named Copa do Brasil Sub-17 is organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation and it was first played in 2013.
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazilian national team in official competitions and friendly matches during 2020.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1 will start on February 9, 2020, and is scheduled to end on September 13, 2020.
The 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A2 will start on March 15, 2020, and is scheduled to end on July 5, 2020.
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil women's national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 2020.
Metalloenediynes are a family of compounds composed of an enediyne-containing ligand complexed to a transition metal that have potential use as anti-tumor therapeutics.
Enediynes naturally undergo the Bergman cyclization to produce a 1,4-didehydrobenzene intermediate, whose thermal activation energy is stabilized by chelation of the ligand to a metal center, allowing for temperature regulation of this diradical formation.
This reaction is hindered by the high thermal barrier to cyclization in which most of the compounds cannot react below 200°C.
The Bergman cyclization requires the adjacent alkynes of the motif to be forced close enough for radicals to join and form a bond.
By chelating an enediyne-containing ligand to a metal center, the alkynes are forced into a geometry that lowers the thermal barrier to cyclization.
The diradical formation in the Bergman cyclization provides a potent mechanism for DNA scission and crosslinking by abstracting hydrogens from adjacent ribose sugars, which can then bond to kink or cleave the strand entirely, rendering the DNA of the target cell unusable.
Chelation about a transition metal brings the cyclization barrier down to conditions tolerable for the human body; this allows for targeted heating of select tissues to initiate this reaction.
The Texan is a 1932 American western film directed by Clifford S. Smith, starring Jay Wilsey, Lucile Browne, and Bobby Nelson.
Three of them were driving home in one car when they came upon three men who were stripping a stolen car for parts.
The bodies of Officers Ralph King Davis, Jerry Everett, and Marvin Gravitt were found bound in their own handcuffs and shot with their own guns.
The 2019 Central and Western District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 15 members of the Central and Western District Council.
Amid the ongoing pro-democracy protests, the pro-democrats scored a historic landslide victory by taking 14 of the 15 seats, with DAB being completely wiped out from the council and its legislator Cheung Kwok-kwan being ousted in Sai Wan.
Seetha Arambepola ( ) is an ENT surgeon by profession and appointed as the Governor of the Western Province of Sri Lanka from December 2019.
She received her Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree from University of Sri Jayawardanepura (1996-2002) and graduated from University of Colombo in Doctor of Medicine (MD) (2007-2011).
She was a prominent speaker at Viyathmaga campaign which was started in 2016 to promote Gotabhaya Rajapakse as the presidential candidate for upcoming presidential election.
Furthermore, there was a myth by Myanmar people that they believed wearing Nawarat Ring can bring good fortune to the wearer.
However, before crafting the ring, the requested customer's horoscope and palm have to be calculated first to make sure whether it suits the customer or not.
As each gem on the ring has its ability and power, it has to be worn correctly on the hand to get the real benefit.
Moreover, Wearing the Nawarat ring can bring many great fortunes and lucks to the wearer and on the other hand, the wearer has to keep five precepts to be worthy enough to wear the ring.
Moreover, it can be recognized not only as a ring but also as a charm in which Burmese people trust and wear this ring as a guard or for having a good fortune.
They are 'not killing', 'not from stealing and taking what was not given', 'not sexual addiction', 'refuse telling lies' and 'abstain from using illegal drugs, alcohols, and intoxicants'.
Customers who want to wear the Nawarat ring has to calculate their horoscope & palm and have to check their qualification.
During the setting, ruby has to be set on Sunday, Cat's eye, and Pearl on Monday, Coral on Tuesday, Zircon, and Emerald on Wednesday, Topaz on Thursday, Diamond on Friday and the Sapphire on Saturday.
After putting the gems to the ring, a tradition has to be pursued by establishing 'Gadaw Bwe', which is decorated with coconut, banana, and spray with perfume.
During the period of setting gem to the ring, the goldsmith must wear a white suit or cape and he also has to keep five precepts that were left by the lord buddha.
Sapphire gemstone in the north, a diamond on the east side, cat's eye in the south, emerald in the west, coral in the northeast, pearl in the southeast, zircon in the southwest and the last topaz in the northwest.
After goldsmith completes the ring setting, another 'Gadaw Bwe' was offered to the Burmese Spirits, also called 'Nats' before transferring to the ring owners.
Wearing method is also very important and must be strongly careful; otherwise, it can affect the wearer negatively as the Nawarat ring has astrological and supernatural related power.
If the wearer wears the ring on his right hand, the side of the emerald will be on the left, and if on the left hand, emerald will be on the right side.
Diamond possesses the power of countering the problem that will confront the outermost while the emerald from the innermost makes the wear get the peace and calming effect.
The 1957 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 13th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 9–0 record, including a victory over in the Orange Blossom Classic for the black college football national championship.
The team's statistical leaders included Lewis Johnson with 627 rushing yards, James Williams with 383 passing yards, and Alvis Chavis with 146 receiving yards.
The nearest church is in Llandeilo'r-Fan, 2 km to the NW, and the nearest shop is in Sennybridge, 4 km to the south.
Trista Piccola served as the Director of the Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth & Families (the DCYF) from January 2017 until July 2019.
Her term was marked by the death and near-deaths of children, high staff turn-over rates, votes of no confidence, and high budget deficits.
Piccola has worked in the child welfare profession for most of her career, and has held positions including Child Protective Services officer in various states and eventually becoming a deputy director for Cuyahoga County's Health and Human Services agency where she was responsible for the county child welfare system.
Following a process which required the advice and consent of Piccola's appointment to the directorship by the Rhode Island Senate, she succeeded Acting DCYF Director Jamia McDonald and became the permanent Director, responsible for the DCYF's staffing, budget, and child welfare and protection mission.
The Rhode Island Office of the Child Advocate later revealed that three DCYF workers were terminated as a result of the death.
Trista Piccola was in the post for merely 2.5 years and cited her reason for leaving being a job offer to her husband, and that they were relocating to the state of Arizona.
Community-based tourism, also known as CBT, is a kind of tourism operated and managed by the local community for the sake of the well-being of the particular community through providing a mechanism for sustainable livelihoods.
CBT concentrates on economically vulnerable villages and developing countries because CBT is an alternative for economic development as well as conservation and protection of natural resources of those villages.
Despite its advantages, there are also setbacks while running CBT villages, such as not having adequate both human resources and technical resources.
The 100 days was set by the National League of Democracy, accompanied by an optimist view that aimed to work towards the priorities and convenience of the public, such as the development of transport infrastructure, telecommunication, and so on.
The tourism Industry became flourished as one of the economic sectors for the sake of generating foreign revenues, protecting local traditions culture, environment, expansion of employment after the country was emancipated from the military regime in 2010.
Even though CBT solely focuses on the community of the host villages, some of the decisions depend on the government's approval or the head of the villages.
Most of the villages have heads of the village who would be the medium between the villagers, the professionals, organizations, and the government.
CBT prefers the bottom-up decision approach rather than top-bottom decisions where the majority of the votes are determined by the villagers.
Since Myanmar is a Buddhist country, apart from villages in upper Myanmar, most of the CBT villages have religious sites to visit such as monasteries, temples, and pagodas where tourists can learn local culture, buy souvenirs, and participate in local festivals.
Some of the activities are not common, and only a specific CBT village can offer that service such as AyeYarWaddy Dolphine Sanctuary.
Some of the villages are located near the lakes and streams so tourists can also enjoy swimming in them and the villages provide transportations for them.
Typically, some youths can speak decent English to communicate back to the tourists because the majority of the villagers are not fluent in English.
For a startup tourism like CBT, it is harder to get tourists noticed because it is not marketed widely, and there is not sufficient information about CBT villages as well.
Deficiency of human capital is also a challenge for CBT villages because some of the youths in those villages emigrated to neighboring countries to get a well-paid job to support back to their families.
There is only one public school at most, and that school only has till primary school grade (Grade 4 in Myanmar education system).
The main goal of implementing CBT is that the profits gained from tourism will significantly benefit the livelihood of the community as an additional income besides farming.
In this way, CBT can sustain minimally disruptive tourism to the local environment while increasing economic opportunities in a way that is sustainable, community-driven which would benefit the entire community.
One of the statements made by the National League of Democracy is to welcome visitors who are keen to promote the welfare of the ordinary people and the conservation of the environment and to acquire an insight into the cultural, political, and social life of the country while enjoying a happy and a fulfilling holiday in Myanmar.
CBT villagers want to minimize the number of tourists in the concentrated area; instead, they want to generate job opportunities and income for the indigenous people in the rural areas.
Since CBT villages lack both capitals and human resources, it is one of the goals is to build local capacities such as training for workshops, communication skills, and knowledge.
The tourists want to feel the sunlight despite the scorching heat because the sun is rare to see in certain parts of the world.
Some locals are very trilled to serve those tourists not because of money because years ago, they do not have any chance to interact with tourists directly and there were not many tourists after all.
Some tourists have difficulties in finding information about tourism and the CBT villages because they cannot find much information on the internet.
At the same time, Myanmar people, especially from the poor background, can also get an idea of the outside world about how the world is rapidly changing, how other people are doing, and how kind of people there are out in the world.
CBT villages can be found in every corner of Myanmar, offering different kinds of activities based on the location of a particular village.
The house was originally built as a one-and-a-half-story clapboarded farmhouse, with a gable roof and a central brick chimney, and was located on the Finnell Ranch, almost a mile east of its current location in downtown Yountville.
The first floor of the renovated house had wall-papered rooms, and consisted of kitchen, dining room, and front and back parlors.
In 1980, doublehung sash windows survived in the original house and in the rear extension, while some second-story windows had been replaced by vertical casement windows.
A second contributing building is a shiplap-sided gabled two-story carriage house/barn (photo #4), opening onto Webber Avenue, which was built in 1905.
Since 1980, the property has become the Lavender Bed and Breakfast, and additional buildings have been constructed in the former yard-spaces.
José Francisco Ugarteche (1768-1834) was a Paraguayan jurist and politician, who had outstanding performance during the colonial and post colonial period of Argentina.
He was born in Villarrica, Guairá District, Paraguay, the son of José Ramón de Ugarteche and María Josefa Herrera, belonging to a Patrician Paraguayan family of Spanish Basque descent.
Established in Buenos Aires from a young age he was married in the city of Luján with Juana Marta González Casco de Mendoza, a distinguished Creole lady descendant of Víctor Casco de Mendoza.
He belonged to the Federal Party, serving as provincial deputy of Santiago del Estero and Buenos Aires in 1827 and 1830.
He was private secretary of José Rondeau, during his term as governor of the province of Buenos Aires, and also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the government of Juan Ramón Balcarce.
He maintained an excellent relationship with José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, dictator of Paraguay, and he also maintained a good relationship with Manuel Dorrego, with whom he founded the newspaper El Argentino.
His grandson Nicolás Ugarteche, was married to Isolina Canavery, daughter of Joaquín Canavery and María Ana Bayá, belonging to distinguished family of Carmen de Areco.
Expansions is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released by the Flying Dutchman label the following year.
The community was named in 1831 for W. P. Garland, who was one of the chief engineers on the Mobile and Montgomery Railroad.. At one time, Garland had a hotel, saw mill, drug store, shoe shop, school, and five general stores.
The film was announced on Nov 20 2019 through various celebrity pages and its produced by Cinema Pranthan in association with Arjun Amaraavathi Creations.
Sandy Grigsby is a public speaker, personal branding image specialist, empowerment photographer, certified high-performance coach, and founder of Brio Five LLC, a photography studio located in Los Angeles, CA.
Grigsby was born in Switzerland to a Black and Native American father and Swiss mother, and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Grigsby worked as a commercial print model in 1998, modeling for companies such as Tempur-Pedic, Apple, United Airlines, Sony, T-Mobile etc.
In June 2005, Grigsby founded Brio Five, a graphic and web design company, which by 2014, had developed into a personal branding photography studio.
Grigsby's photography style is focused on helping women find their self-worth and confidence; from that emerged her unique style of photography—the Empowerment Portrait.
Grigsby began working as a freelance photographer in 2001 and worked with organizations across the United States including Cheryl Saban's Self-Worth Foundation and San Francisco Fleet Week.
In 2002 when he was 25 years old, he graduated from Waseda University in Tokyo with a ‘Masters of Arts’ in architecture and in the same year founded ‘Nendo’ company in Tokyo.
By 2015, the company had 30 designers and interns of whom produced over 100 products for 19 brands in a year.
Fritz Hansen, a Danish furniture company, was the client of the project and it was an attempt by Fritz Hansen to create a circular economy where some of the waste materials can be brought back as components for their new product line.
The N02 recycle chair was made from recycled plastic (polypropylene) that can be recycled again once it becomes obsolete for its intended purpose.
The chairs are able to stack on each other for storage and also has an ergonomic design with curve surfaces reinforced to wrap around the user.
157 prints of Escher's work, dated from 1916 to 1969, was displayed in the exhibition along with Nendo's monochromatic designs of geometry and space.
She learned music theory from the age of 6, joined a children's choir, La Cigale de Lyon, at age 7 and learned to play the cello at age 8.
Her mother, teacher and believer, plays the flute; her father, a real estate agent, listened to Michel Polnareff, Serge Reggiani and Charles Aznavour; and the father of one of her friends introduced her to American folk and country music.
In September 2017, at the age of 21, she performed for the first time four times at La Boule noire in Paris.
In February 2018, she performed at the Café de la Danse in Paris, after having performed as an opening act for Louane and Vianney, then took the stage in La Cigale in mid-2018 and in La Trianon in early 2019.
Love, in her lyrics, is not only heterosexual, but also bisexual or homosexual; she dedicates a song to Quebec singer Safia Nolin, who used to be her partner.
Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their load to layers of soil or rock that have sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics to support them.
Shallow foundations are used where the loads forced by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils.
They are suitable where ground conditions are too poor to create individual strip or pad foundations for a large number of individual loads.
Rubble trench foundations are a further variation of trench fill foundations and are a traditional construction method that uses loose stone or rubble to minimise the use of concrete and improve drainage.
To keep the material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used for batch filling and at varying centers for filling that is completed in one pour.
Rebar is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used in reinforced concrete and masonry structures to strengthen and hold the concrete in tension.
Each stretcher (brick laid lengthwise) is offset by half a brick relative to the course above and below of English bond.
American common bond is similar to the English, bond but with one course of headers for every six stretcher courses.English cross bond is concerned courses of stretchers and headers, but with the alternating stretcher courses offset by half a brick.
Flemish bond is alternating stretchers and headers in each course.Header bond is courses of headers offset by half a brick.Stack bond is bricks laid directly on top of one another with joints aligned.
Yelena Andreyevna Hahn (in Russian Елена Андреевна Ган; 11 January 1814 - 6 July 1842) was a Russian writer known for her contributions to the literary journals Biblioteka Dlya Chteniya and Otechestvennye Zapiski.
Her parents were Andrei Fadeyev, privy councilor and governor of Saratov, and Princess Yelena Pavlovna Dolgorukaya, a member of the princely House of Dolgorukov.
Also among her relatives were the poet Evdokia Rostopchina and Yekaterina Sushkova, a friend of Lermontov, with whom Yelena was also personally acquainted.
At the age of sixteen, she married Captain Pyotr Alekseyevich Hahn (Peter Hahn von Rottenstern; 1798-1873), a military man almost twice her age, descended from an old Baltic German family.
Reading the first, you enjoy the divine art without thinking about the artist; reading the second, you enjoy the contemplation of a beautiful human being, think about her, love her, and want to know the details of her life.
The eldest daughter of the de la Mora family, she manages both her parents' businesses; being the eldest by several years, she also takes care of her siblings.
She was once married to José María Riquelme before she transitioned, but reunites with the now María José after her father, Ernesto, is arrested.
In season one, she learns that Ernesto is not her biological father, with her parents having married when her mother, Virginia, was already pregnant by old friend Dr. Cohen.
Cecilia Suárez, who plays Paulina, is a frequent collaborator with the show's creator, Manolo Caro, and had acted in most of his previous projects.
Paulina is a main character, but in season one was second to the central character of Virginia, portrayed by Verónica Castro.
Suárez was injured in the 2017 Puebla earthquake, which happened during filming; production was halted but she could not return to set for a month after production resumed.
Though the character became very popular among fans, Suárez has dismissed claims that Paulina may have a spin-off, saying that she does not think Caro would do that, and that the character belongs in the story of the show.
Suárez describes Paulina as very loyal, being supportive of her family even when they are hit by scandals and their image ruined.
She said that it was hard for her to develop her character's identity, trying out different voices alone before filming and not finding the right fit.
The distinctive voice she is known for was improvisation Suárez tried during filming, on the fourth shoot day during the scene where Paulina and Bruno are covering up Roberta's wake at the funeral home.
Co-star Paco León, who plays Paulina's estranged husband but love interest, trans woman María José, said that when he arrived on set in Mexico after filming had begun and heard Suárez speak in character as Paulina for the first time, he initially thought the cast was playing a prank on him.
When Netflix and Suárez responded with their own version of the challenge on Twitter, it became a trending event on the website, based on popularity and coverage; at this point, there were over 69,000 fan videos of the challenge.
The response to the challenge is also the only time that Suárez has spoken in Paulina's voice outside of the show.
Scholar Paul Julian Smith has also noted that videos of Paulina's memorable lines recorded from the show have been uploaded to the Internet by fans and also received hundreds of thousands of views, adding that t-shirts featuring the quotes were being sold on Amazon shortly after the show's release.
However, the BBC notes that the character's voice and Tafil use are creatively coincidental as they were conceived of separately during the show's development.
She says that similar types of speech are not unusual in upper-class neighborhoods like Las Lomas, suggesting that it could be used as part of the show's socio-economic commentary.
They said that her fashion had an impact on viewers and that she first stole the show in episode 1 because of her unusual pink outfit.
The review notes that a lot of Paulina's outfits are more the style of a working girl in plain and neutral colors and with lots of blazers.
They add that while her clothes are loose, they have a feminine cut, and that she wears flat shoes on all but one occasion.
At the party she is alerted to the dead body of Roberta, her father's mistress who has hanged herself, and informs the family of Roberta's identity; she has been a confidante and business partner to her father.
In the second episode, Paulina tries to hide the other business, a drag cabaret of the same name as her mother Virginia's flower shop ('La Casa de las Flores') from the rest of the family, using her son Bruno to aid the deception.
She is revealed to have been close to Roberta's family, and to the drag performers and trans women at the cabaret.
With Bruno, she pretends to have a small wake at a funeral home before giving a speech at the cabaret, but her family follows.
In episode three, Paulina is supportive of her brother Julián's choice to come out, but does not push him into it as forcefully as their sister Elena.
In episode four, Paulina is called upon by her family to get in touch with her ex-husband, a lawyer, to help expedite Ernesto's release from prison after he was arrested for fraud.
In episode five, Paulina is demoted by Virginia, who places Elena in charge of a bar mitzvah for their friends, the Cohen family; she then learns that Ernesto is not her biological father, suspecting it is Dr. Cohen.
In episode six, Paulina greets her ex-husband, now a woman, María José, at the airport; it is revealed that they broke up because of María José transitioning, but they joke about the situation in the taxi back to Paulina's apartment.
She is also convinced by Julián and Claudio to allow male strippers to perform with the drag queens in the cabaret.
Some critical reviews have looked at the relationship of the characters of Paulina and Virginia in relation to the show's drama.
After Virginia dies between seasons 1 and 2, Esparza wrote that this was a mistake, explaining that the show's dynamic was best when Virginia and Paulina could play off each other.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Gemse Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
He Guowei (; born March 1963) is a Chinese physicist and chairman of the Academic Committee in the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
He received his bachelor's degree in mechanics, master's degree in computational mathematics, and doctor's degree in theoretical and applied mechanics from Northwestern Polytechnical University in 1983, 1988, and 1991, respectively.
After graduation, he did post-doctoral research at the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), where he was promoted to assistant research fellow in 1993 and to researcher in 1999.
In January 1995 he became a postdoc at the Center for Theoretical Physics of French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) at Marseille and Center for Astrophysics of CEA at Saclay in France, he remained at there until April 1997, when he moved to Los Alamos National Laboratory as a visiting scholar.
Admire Groove (in Japanese: アドマイヤグルーヴ, foaled April 30th, 2000) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2003 & 2004 Queen Elizabeth II Cup.
Cosmic Funk is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
... That opening song is one of the few tracks that emphasizes funk, otherwise the cosmic reigns, as the group usually getting spacy all the while never quite leaving the earth.
Walkers Creek rises in a pond on the Barnes Creek and Poison Fork divide about 5 miles northwest of Abner, North Carolina in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Walkers Creek drains of area, receives about 47.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 338.54 and is about 77% forested.
The distinctive five towers of the temple are similar to the much larger and more famous temple of Angkor Wat[ Khmerអង្គរវត្ត] At the base of the mountain, is a step laterite staircase flanked by nagas.
The 11th century temple was built by King Udayadutyavaranan 2 Khmerឧតយាទិត្យវរ្ម័ន២]son of the king Suryavaraman 1 (Khmerសូរ្យយវរ្ម័នទី១) and despite some looting it is in a considerably better state of repair than wat Ek Phnom.
The Apostolic Nuncio to Morocco is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Morocco, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the State of Libya and as delegate and point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Morocco and the pope.
The Vatican established the position of Delegate to North Africa in 1965; John Gordon held that post until 19 August 1967.
The , signed as Route K2, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area and is one of six of the routes in the system serving Kanagawa Prefecture.
The route is a long expressway running west from a junction with the Yokohane Route in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, to the Daisan Keihin Road and the Yokohama Shindō in Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture.
The Mitsuzawa Route links central Yokohama and the Yokohane Route to the southwestern suburbs of Tokyo, primarily Setagaya, by way of the Daisan Keihin Road.
It passes beneath Mitsuzawa Park near NHK Spring Mitsuzawa Football Stadium where it crosses in to Kanagawa-ku where it has a junction with Kanagawa Prefecture Route 13.
In this ward Route K2 meets its western terminus at Mitsuzawa Junction where it transitions into the Daisan Keihin Road with access also to the Yokohama Shindō.
The second a final section of the expressway to be opened was a segment that is located between the interchange at Yokohama-eki-nishiguchi and the route's western terminus at Mitsuzawa Junction.
Xu Hongxing (; born May 1969) is a Chinese physicist and vice president of the Institute for Advanced Studies of Wuhan University.
In 1996 he pursued advanced studies in Sweden, earning his master's degree and doctor's degree from Chalmers University of Technology in 1998 and 2002, respectively.
He returned to China in January 2005 and that year became a researcher at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He was deputy director of the State Key Laboratory for Surface Physics from 2007 to 2008 and director of Nanoscale Physics & Devices Laboratory from 2009 to 2014.
Mostly held at Myitkyina, Kachin State also known as မေနာေျမ ( Manaw Land ) in Myanmar and also celebrated by Kachin people around the world.
The Manau dance is performed at Manau festivals, which originated as part of the ‘Nat’ or spirit worship of the past.
Kumran Manau, 3.Ninghtan Manau, 4.Padang Manau, 5.Ju Manau, 6.Htingram Manau, 7.Ningshawn Manau, 8.Kumrum Manau, 9.Nausawt Manau, 10.Htinghtang Manau, 11.HKridip Manau, 12.
Behind the chiefs, fellow members of various tribes of Kachin follow the moves, dance steps and they have to change the rhythm and footsteps when the chiefs do.
The 1960 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 16th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 9–1 record, including a victory over in the Orange Blossom Classic.
The 1960 Rattlers also broke an NAIA scoring record with 475 points in nine regular season games (52.7 points per game).
The boundaries were formalised on 26 April 2013, but the name had been used long before that for the Kootaberra Station pastoral run (sheep station).
The Apostolic Nuncio to Tunisia is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Tunisia, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the State of Tunisia and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Tunisia and the pope.
The Vatican established the position of Delegate to North Africa in 1965; John Gordon held that post until 19 August 1967.
Portalupi took on the titles of Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Algeria on 6 March 1972, and Pro-Nuncio to Tunisia on 22 March 1972.
Her collection exceeds 400 and spans animals created throughout America, Mexico, and Europe from the mid-19th century to the present day.
In addition to carousel figures, she has collected and restored other parts of carousels such as decorative mirrors, placards, base boards, and benches.
The collection is sourced from numerous carousel carvers from the Golden Age of carousels such as Herschell-Spillman, Charles Carmel, Charles Looff, E. Joy Morris, M.C.
Wilcox, Josef Hübner, D.C. Muller Brothers, J.R. Anderson, Stein & Goldstein, Charles W. Dare, Orton Sons & Spooner, Daniel C. Muller & Bro, Bayol Carousel Company, Limonaire Frères, Carl Müller, and Daniel Hegereda.
Bray has co-hosted the National Carousel Association's Technical Assistance Conference due to her expertise and curated two major exhibitions of her restoration work at the Pasadena Museum of History.
Bray was inspired by carousel animals from a young age, particularly when she saw the famous Griffith Park carousel when she was five.
Bray earned her bachelor's degree in painting and a Master's in stagecraft, specifically set design and special effects for television, including light design.
She has amassed carousel figures of all kinds since, from serpents, zebras, tigers, camels, and roosters to dragons, witches, lions, peacocks, goats, and cats.
Her holdings include pieces from the Knott's Berry Farm Lagoon Carousel; the estate of Swen Swenson, America's first collector of carousel pieces; the only known zebra carved by famous carousel carver Charles Carmel, and other curiosities.
He took the photograph of Lincoln's First Inauguration as well as the inauguration of James Buchanan in 1857, thought to be the first known photograph of a Presidential inauguration.
Wood was hired in May 1856 by Montgomery C. Meigs, the Architect of the Capitol, to take photographs of building projects in the Washington D.C. area.
Titian Ramsay Peale, who had been experimenting with photography, introduced Meigs to Wood on May 13, 1856, and Meigs hired Wood the next day.
It was founded on March 16, 1940 by Mercedes S. De Villa, the descendant of the town's founder Camilo Perez, and Iñigo S. Javier, the founder of Tayabas Western Academy.
It is the oldest high school in San Juan, Batangas as well as being the oldest private institution of the town.
He teamed up again with regular collaborators, including Bob McDill, Allen Reynolds, Dickey Lee and Wayland Holyfield to craft another chart success.
The Tesla Cyberquad is an electric quad bike all-terrain vehicle created by Tesla, Inc., and displayed at the Tesla Cybertruck unveiling in Hawthorne, California at the Tesla Design Studio.
At the end of the presentation Elon Musk announced 'one more thing', at which point the ATV was shown being loaded onto the back of the Cybertruck.
He is described as a coxswain of King Sanphet VIII's royal barge in the Ayutthaya period who was famous for honesty and integrity.
Phan Thai Norasing served his duty as the coxswain until around 1704 that the accident was happened during King Sanphet VIII's fishing trip causing damage to the boat.
Therefore, there are many legacies dedicated to him such as his shrines which they are presumed to be his execution spots, renovated canal, and a monument, etc.
Also, a story of Phan Thai Norasing has been conveyed through various forms of entertainment including films, TV series, and musicals.
Even though plots of them might be altered or extended but the core of the story regarding honesty will still be presented to be an example for progeny.
According to historical records, the execution of Phan Thai Norasing occurred 1704 at Khok Kham Canal, Sakornburi (Samut Sakorn in the present time).
However, Phan Thai Norasing chose this path accidentally or some historians suggest that he wanted to protect King Sanphet VIII from assassins.
Eventually, the royal barge was accidentally hit with a large tree and the figurehead of the royal barge was damaged and fallen off.
Sing was initially given a special pardon from King Sanphet VIII because he thought it was just an accident but Sing denied.
Because of his life story, he is worshipped and respected by later generation as well as becoming a model of honesty.
For the shrine, it was an eyes-level height shrine that contained the head of Phan Thai Norasing and the figurehead of the Ekkachai barge together.
In 1950, however, the new shrine was constructed by His Royal Highness Prince Panuphun Yukhon from filming a movie in the same year.
It is also believed to be an original point of Phan Thai Norasing's execution as the damaged 80-centimetres wood believed to be the figurehead and a stick were found by the Fine Arts Department and teachers of Suankularb Wittayalai School.
Through scientific examination, these woods were in the same period as Phan Thai Norasing.So,the stick was hypothesized to be scaffold of Phan Thai Norasing's execution.
This place was registered as a national historic site by the Fine Arts Department published in Government Gazette Volume 53, page 1533 on 27 September 1936. and the new shrine was reconstructed by Fine Art Department at 4 January 1995.
Moreover, people usually come to the shrine to worship his shrine for fortune and wishes, According to historic records, Sing loves Thai boxing and cock fighting thus, people commonly worship Phan Thai Norasing's shine with cock statuettes, boxing glove and paddle.
The excavation was occurred and was started from the reign of King Sanphet VIII to the reign of King Sanphet IX ( King Sanphet VIII's son).
It is located at Norasing, Bha Mhok, Ang Thong which was believed to be his birthplace so, this monument was constructed to honor him.
According to the historic record, Phan Thai Norasing was presumed to be civilian in this place which was located at Bhan Bha Mhok district, Ang Thong so, this sub-district was later established to dedicate to Phan Thai Norasing's loyalty and devotion.
The plot of this musical was adapted from royal chronicle and historical facts in the reign of King Sanphet VIII by His Royal Highness Prince Panuphun Yukhon.
It was performed by Siwarhom crew which main characters are Surasit Sattayawong as Phan Thai Norasing, Suphan Buranaphim as Naun, and Jhok Dokjan as King Sanphet VIII.
Main characters are played by Gamton Suwanbpiyasìrí as Phan Thai Norasing, Nonglak Rohjonpan as Naun, and Chalong Simasatian as King Sanphet VIII.
Main characters are played by Saranyoo Wonggrajaang as Phan Thai Norasing, Nataya Daengbungaa as Naun, and Pisaan Akarasaynee as King Sanphet VIII.
This was firstly recreated as a movie by His Royal Highness Prince Panuphun Yukhon.The plot is adapted from the plot of the first musical.
Main characters were played by Choochai Prakanchai, a famous Thai boxer as Phan Thai Norasing, Suphan Buranaphim as Naun, and Tanom Akarasaynee as King Sanphet VIII.
Main characters were played by Sorapong Chatree as Phan Thai Norasing, Apaporn Konthip as Naun, and Sombat Metanee as King Sanphet VIII.
Main characters were played by Pongsakorn Maytdtagaanon as Phan Thai Norasing, Lieutenant Colonel Wanchana Sawasdee as King Sanphet VIII, and Pimdao Panitsamai as Naun.
She is also a key member of the Jordan National Commission for Women (JNCW) and she is well known for her efforts in empowering women's rights and safety in Jordan.
She joined the Directorate in 1991 and has worked as a volunteer in Refugee affairs and also served as a coordinator on Syrian rebel crisis.
She was presented the International Women of Courage Award on 8 March 2019, (an award which is presented to women for their remarkable achievements which often go unnoticed on the International Women's Day) by the United States Department of State and was nominated as one of the 10 recipients for the award.
Ajmer – Amritsar Express is a Express train belonging to North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between and in India.
This line was announced on the 2006-07 Rail budget, by Lalu Prasad Yadav (Former Minister of Railways) as a Jaipur–Amritsar Express with bi-weekly frequency of both sets, with Having Numbers of 19771/72 (1st Set) & 19781/82 (2nd Set) with Termination at & .
Both sets were run till 23 February 2013 and thereafter 24 February 2013 it was Extended to after the approval of North Western Railway for the demand of people of direct connectivity of both holy places and also the number of trains was changed to 19611/12 (1st set) & 19613/14 (2nd set).
The 1st set of this line covers the distance of 1008 km with an average speed of 50 km/h and 2nd set of this line covers a distance of 849 km with an average speed of 52km/h.
As this route of Both sets is going to be electrification, a WDM-3A based loco pulls the train to its destination on both sides.
The valley is located in Kao Huai Sok, one of the mountains in a limestone mountain range, comprising an area of about 48,000 square meters.
In the same year, this place has become a conservation area to develop it in the future as an ecotourism place.
The Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation recognized the uniqueness and importance of the valley and took place under its custody to make it well preserved.
This limestone mountain range consists of 5 limestone mountains which are Kao Pla Ra, Kao Kaung Chai, Kao Noi, Kao Nam Chon, and Kao Huai Sok.
Part of the limestone mountain range surrounding the valley is Khao Huai Sok, which is connected to Khao Plara mountain, 1 kilometer away.
The surrounding limestone mountain is layered with high cliffs that restrict sunlight from reaching the ground during any time other than midday.
The mild acid rain flowed in between the crack inside Huai Sok Mountain until it became a vast cave hole inside the mountain; the process takes about ten to a hundred thousand.
It became a large pit inside the Huai Sok Mountain which the high of the edge is approximately 150 – 200 meters.
The resulting humidity has contributed to a wealth of flora, featuring large shrubs of the genus Excoecaria that are similar to ancient trees.
The department of National Park stated this area as a conservation area dual to its geography with lots of exotic plants such as Caryota urens, Croton oblongifolius Roxb., Oxyceros horridus, balanophoraceae.
Walking along the 700 meters path, animal footprints like deer, bears, boars, or tigers claw marks on the trees can be seen.
The area is clean and well maintained, including a parking lot, bathroom, a kiosk offering coffee, and shops for snacks and drinks.
During weekends at the entrance, young guides from a local school are available for guiding and touring around along the path.
Hup Pa Tat is located in Tham Pa Thun Non-Hunting Area, at Mu 1, Thung Na Ngam, Lan Sak District, Uthai Thani.
In 1997 he played only 6 minutes of league football, two cup games and two games in the 1997 UEFA Intertoto Cup, scoring against K.R.C.
123, F & A M, in Keachi, Louisiana in De Soto Parish, Louisiana, was built originally around 1852 and was rebuilt in 1880 after being destroyed by a tornado.
Elements salvaged from the original building include the loggia's columns, entablature and flushboarding, the pediment's detailing, and apparently some six over six windows.
The interior has a mix of surfaces; the meeting hall's interior is non-historic, with plywood paneling and an acoustical tile ceiling.
The tournament initially started out as a non-title tournament in 2015, but was upgraded to major title status in May 2017.
The Eiō title match is different from the other seven major title matches in that it allows the two participating players the select the time control for each game from a list of three options.
It is divided into four parts: women professional and amateur participation determination tournaments, a preliminary tournament, a main tournament and a title match.
Separate one-day single-elimination tournaments are held prior to the beginning of the preliminary tournament to determine the woman and amateur participants.
Four participants are selected by the sponsors for each tournament: the women's tournament participants are selected from the reigning women professional major title holders and the amateur tournament participants are selected from the reigning .
Each tournament has two rounds with a primary time control of one hour per player using a chess clock system followed by a secondary byo-yomi time control of sixty seconds per move.
The tournament pairings are determined by drawing lots, with one of the first round games played in the morning and the other played in the afternoon.
The preliminary tournament is single-elimination tournament divided into different blocks according to player rank, with all players ranked the same competing against each other; the women's professional and amateur player are placed in the block for player's ranked 4-dan.
The number of brackets per block varies with the winner of each bracket advancing to the main tournament as follows: four players from the 9-dan block; three players each from the 8-dan, 7-dan and 6-dan blocks; two players from the 5-dan block; and one player from the 4-dan block.
The primary time control for the preliminary tournament games is one hour per player using a chess clock system followed by a secondary byo-yomi time control of sixty seconds per move.
The main tournament is a single elimination tournament which consists of the sixteen players advancing from the preliminary tournament plus an additional eight players seeded into the main tournament for a total of twenty-four players.
The seeded players are determined among the following: (1) the four semifinalists from the previous year's tournament; (2) major title holders (excluding the reigning Eiō title holder); (3) winners of major non-title shogi tournaments; and (4) players who performed exceptionally well in the previous years tournament per consultation with the tournament sponsors.
The remaining two players from each half of the bracket advance to a best-of-three challenger match, and the winner advances to main title match.
The primary time control for the main tournament and challenger match games is three hours per player using a chess clock system followed by a secondary byo-yomi time control of sixty seconds per move.
The main title match between the reigning Eiō and the challenger is a best-of-seven series with the first player to win four games becoming the Eiō title holder.
The title match takes place from April to June, and it is the only one of the best-of-seven major title matches not to follow a two-day-per-game format.
It is also the only major title match in which the games are played at varying primary time controls, with the starting time for each game determined based upon the time control selected.
The primary time control for each game is then determined by the players at the same event, with the player scheduled to move first in game one selecting one of the following time controls for the first two games: one hour per player, three hours per player or five hours per player.
The player who moves second in game three selects one of the two remaining time control options for games three and four, and the time control for games five and six will be the last remaining option.
Regardless of the time control selected for each game, there will also be a secondary byo-yomi time control of sixty seconds per move.
In 2011, Dwango entered into an agreement with the JSA to co-sponsor a series of unofficial games and matches between professional shogi players and top computer shogi programs called the Shogi Denōsen.
The 1st Denōsen took place in 2012 between retired shogi professional Kunio Yonenaga and the program , the reigning World Computer Shogi Champion, with the computer winning fairly easily.
The 2nd Shogi Denōsen in 2013, 3rd Shogi Denōsen in 2014 and Shogi Denōsen Final in 2015 each featured a team of five shogi professionals playing against five computer shogi programs.
All of the Shōgi Denōsen games were broadcast on Niconico, with the final game of the 3rd Shogi Denōsen being watched by more than 600,000 people.
After the Shogi Denōsen Final finished, Dwango and the JSA announced that there would be no more five-on-five Shogi Denōsen matches, but rather two new tournaments would be sponsored by Dwangothe Eiō Tournament for the professionals and the Denō Tournament for the computerswith the winners of each then playing a two-game match held at a later date called the Denōsen.
After the announcement that the 1st Eiō was going to take place, 154 shogi professionals expressed their desire to participate; five shogi professionalsincluding major title holders Yoshiharu Habu and Akira Watanabestated, however, that they would not.
The 1st Eiō Tournament was won by Takayuki Yamasaki in December 2015; he then faced the Denō Tournament winner in AprilMay 2016, but lost both games.
The number of professionals participating in the 2nd Eiō Tournament was 158 (defending champion Yamazaki was seeded into the main tournament), but four, including Watanabe once again, decided to opt out.
The tournament was won by Amahiko Satō, the then Meijin title holder, in December 2016; he then went on to face Ponanza, who repeated as Denō Tournament winner, in AprilMay 2017, but lost both games.
In February 2017, Dwango and the JSA announced the 2nd Denōsen match would be the last to be held since the games between professionals and computers had fulfilled their intended purpose.
After the 2nd Denosen match, Dwango announced that had reached an agreement with the JSA to upgrade the Eiō Tournament to major-title status and replace the two-game match against the Denō Tournament winner with a best-of-seven match between the reigning Eiō title holder and the winner of a challenger tournament.
Since there would be no reigning title holder at the start of the 3rd Eiō Tournament in 2017, the two finalists of the challenger tournament would play a best-of-seven match to determine the winner of the Eiō title.
The upgrade in status of the Eiō Tournament made it the first new major title match in 34 years and the first to be sponsored by an IT company; in addition, the total prize fund for the tournament was also such that it made it the third highest among major title tournaments after only the Ryūō and Meijin.
The tournament is sponsored by Dwango and the JSA with further support provided by the Kirin Beverage Company, Limited, , Lawson, Inc. and .
Jurczyk is a graduate of the University of Virginia where he received Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Electrical Engineering in 1984 and 1986.
Jurczyk began his NASA career in 1988 at Langley Research Center in the Electronic Systems Branch as a design, integration and testing engineer developing several space-based Earth remote sensing systems.
From 2002 to 2004, Jurczyk was director of engineering, and from 2004 to 2006 he was director of research and technology at Langley where he led the organizations’ contributions to a broad range of research, technology and engineering disciplines contributing to all NASA mission areas.
In this position he formulated and executed the agency’s Space Technology programs, focusing on developing and demonstrating transformative technologies for human and robotic exploration of the solar system in partnership with industry and academia.
Jurczyk received several awards during his NASA career, including two NASA Outstanding Leadership Medals, the Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Executive in 2006, and the Presidential Rank Award for Distinguished Executive in 2016 -- the highest honors attainable for federal government leadership.
The Hospital Center Line, designated Route D8, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Union Station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro and Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
When the Dupont Circle Metro Station opened on January 15, 1977, there were no route changes made to the D6 & D8 Metrobus Routes.
However, both routes did begin serving the Dupont Circle Metro Station in the middle of their routes ever since it opened.
On the other hand, during this same exact time, the D8 Metrobus Route was truncated to only operate between Washington Hospital Center & the Union Station.
The segment of D8's routing west of the Union Station to Sibley Hospital was discontinued and completely taken over/replaced by the D1, D3, & D6 Metrobus Routes.
At the same time, the D8 Metrobus Route completely took over/replaced the segment of D6's former routing between the Union Station & Washington Hospital Center, via the Rhode Island Avenue Metro Station.
While the D8 Metrobus Route would continue to operate seven days a week between the Washington Hospital Center & Union Station, D8 would operate on shortened late night trips between only the Rhode Island Avenue Metro Station & Union Station.
Peter Kee Lin Ng (born 1960) is a Singaporean carcinologist and ichthyologist at the National University of Singapore, concurrently working as Director of both the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum and the Tropical Marine Science Institute.
He has written extensively with over 510 technical papers, mostly in international journals - his research is primarily on the diversity and biology of marine and freshwater crabs in the Indo-West Pacific.
He has many awards, the Singapore National Youth Award (Excellence in Science and Technology), National Youth Movement, People's Association (1993); the National Science Award 1995, National Science & Technology Board, Ministry of Trade and Development; and the ASEAN Young Science and Technologist Award, ASEAN Science and Technology Ministers, 4th ASEAN Science Ministers Meeting, Bangkok (1995).
In 2003 he played for Moss, came out of retirement to play for Skeid in 2005, and then lowly Skårer from Lørenskog in 2006.
Bhim Award is to recognize the achievement of those sportsperson who have brought laurels to the Haryana State in their games and sports at recognized International championship/cup/games and senior National championship/cup/games.
Visions of a New World is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded in 1975 and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
His film The Magic Box (2002 film) was selected to be screened at Venice Film Festival, received a Special Jury Prize at Carthage Film Festival and also a special mention of the jury at the 22 Amiens International Film Festival.
It was selected as the Tunisian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 75th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
The film had its initial release at the 27th Carthage Film Festival on 28 October 2016, then it had its regular release in Tunisia on 6 November 2016.
The DeSoto Parish Courthouse, at 101 Texas Street in Mansfield, Louisiana in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
The entrance leads to a central hall which in turn leads to axial corridors running to the ends of the building.
The presence of the courtroom is expressed on the exterior through the use of a higher central block with three great arched windows.
Its interior is now fairly plain, as courtroom ornamentation has been removed or hidden, and lowered ceilings have been installed in many areas.
Growing up in Spjelkavik IL, he joined Aalesund ahead of the 1991 season, and then Stabæk ahead of the 1995 season.
Together with Bjørn Tore Hansen and Kim Løkke he was axed from the squad in 1996, first loaned out to Aalesund, then transferring permanently.
In mathematics and geographic information science, a shortest-path graph is an undirected graph defined from a set of points in the Euclidean plane.
The shortest-path graph is proposed with the idea of inferring edges between a point set such that the shortest path taken over the inferred edges will roughly align with the shortest path taken over the imprecise region represented by the point set.
Conservative Edition News (along with its sister website Liberal Edition News) is one of a pair of controversial websites controlled by Ken LaCorte, a former Fox News executive.
Zhao Hongwei (; born January 1966) is a Chinese physicist currently serving as Party secretary and deputy dean of the China Institute of Atomic Energy.
He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Chengdu University of Science and Technology (now Sichuan University) and Master of Science degree from the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1988 and 1991, respectively.
In November 1997 he joined the China Institute of Atomic Energy, where he successively served as researcher, deputy director, director, and doctoral supervisor.
He was deputy chief engineer of the Cooling Storage Ring Project of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL–CSR) between September 1999 and January 2006.
Reflections of a Golden Dream is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released by the Flying Dutchman label the following year.
Together with Dag Petter Breivik and Kim Løkke he was axed from the squad in 1996, first loaned out to Mjøndalen, then playing for Aalesund, Sogndal, Eik-Tønsberg, Kvik Halden and Sarpsborg.
As Captain of Saint-Sever, Gascony, he withstood a siege of about 13 weeks in 1295, by a French army led by Charles of Valois.
Will Scott Magnay (born 10 June 1998) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Brisbane Bullets of the National Basketball League (NBL).
Magnay played one season with the Tulsa Golden Hurricane before returning to Australia in 2017 to sign a three-year deal with his hometown team, the Brisbane Bullets.
He was contracted as a development player during his rookie season in 2017–18 before he progressed to being a fully contracted player.
She is the R. David Thomas Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Operations Management in the Fuqua School of Business of Duke University.
Song earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Beijing Normal University in 1982, and a master's degree in operations research from the Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1984.
She took a leave from UC Irvine from 1996 to 1998 to become an assistant professor of industrial engineering and operations research at Columbia University, but returned to Irvine with tenure.
Song was president of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society (INFORMS MSOM) for 2009–2010.
Song was elected to the 2017 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) and separately, in the same year, as a fellow of the INFORMS Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society.
After breaking through in the first team, he transferred to fellow Gothenburg team BK Häcken ahead of the 2017 Allsvenskan season.
He went back to Örgryte on a two-year contract, and after two seasons he went on to Norwegian third-tier club Fredrikstad FK.
The Commonwealth Handball Association (CHA) is the governing body for the Olympic sport of handball (also known as European Handball or Olympic Handball) in the British Commonwealth.
Originally set up in Salford England 1985 to try to get Handball into the Commonwealth Games, the CHA has grown to 34 member nations .
The aim was to attain greater recognition for the English language speaking nations within the IHF; represent the interest of Commonwealth nations within the IHF; develop technical expertise through coaching and refereeing; promote friendship through competitions; promote handball throughout the Commonwealth; get handball into the Commonwealth Games as a team sport.
The 2019–20 South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball team represent South Carolina State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bulldogs, led by 7th-year head coach Murray Garvin, play their home games at SHM Memorial Center in Orangeburg, South Carolina as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
In the MEAC Tournament, they defeated Maryland Eastern Shore in the first round, before falling to Norfolk State in the quarterfinals.
By that time, four republics of the former USSR (the Estonian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR, the Georgian SSR, and the Armenian SSR) had already established such an award, whereas the Russian SSR hadn't done so until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
From its inception in 1981, the title required a recipient to have worked in the field of journalism for at least ten years.
The first design of the badge, awarded from July 1994 to June 2001, was a image of a woman's head, wearing a wreath composed of ears of wheat.
In June 2001, the silver badge was redesigned to its present form and enlarged to ; in 2007, the badge was further enlarged to its present size.
In the case of Ukrainian candidates, recipients are chosen by the Office of the President of Ukraine from lists of journalists submitted by editorial staff of non-profit and commercial media organizations.
Igor Piddubny (also spelled Poddubny; ; born June 18, 1965) is a Ukrainian journalist, media manager, politician, and film director known for a number of documentaries that covered controversial topics in Ukrainian history and were aimed at Russophone audiences in both Ukraine and Russia.
One of these documentaries, which delves into the life of Stepan Bandera, one of the leaders of Ukrainian nationalists, topped the ratings of , the national television channel in Ukraine, for the year 2015.
He graduated from Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics in 1991, and later took courses in journalism from the University of Vienna.
Piddubny's career in journalism started amid the economic chaos, hyperinflation, and uncertainty that followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
In 1992, he worked for the newly formed Kharkiv newspaper ATV and became the deputy head of the Kharkiv office of Nika TV, a newly formed cable television company headquartered in Moscow.
After the success of the Orange Revolution in 2005, Avakov was appointed the Governor of Kharkiv Oblast by newly elected president Viktor Yushchenko.
Both Piddubny and Avakov denounced the attack and alluded that only two people could have behind it; however, seven years after the arson, the perpetrators had still not been found.
In 2009, one of Piddubny's projects in the council was the electronic condolence book of Kharkiv Oblast which aimed to preserve information about local victims of World War II.
In the summer of 2010, Piddubny helped defending Kharkiv's urban forest from the road laying and the associated tree-cutting initiated by Hennadiy Kernes.
The attempt to defend the forest failed, however, as the protesters were beaten and their camp destroyed by pro-Kernes titushky, and the road was eventually built.
In simultaneously held local elections, Piddubny was successfully elected to , but his patron, Arsen Avakov, lost his head-to-head controversial and contested electoral battle with Hennadiy Kernes for the position of Kharkiv mayor.
As freedom of the press in Ukraine deteriorated, by 2011, most Avakov-controlled media were forced off the air or out of circulation.
It utilized YouTube as its underlying platform, and offered a mix of studio programs and live news, often from unpaid stringers armed only with mobile phones.
Although Piddubny's documentaries deal with Ukrainian history, they are filmed in Russian and specifically aimed at Russophone audiences in both Ukraine and Russia.
First, Ukrainian-speaking audiences know Ukrainian history much better and do not have as many questions (or hold as controversial opinions) as the Russian-speaking Ukrainians.
The documentary was filmed in 2014 in multiple locations, including Bandera's birthplace, Staryi Uhryniv; other Ukrainian towns associated with Bandera and his followers; Jezkazgan in Kazakhstan (the location of the largest Soviet labor camps for Ukrainian political prisoners); and inside Moscow archives.
The film received overall positive reviews from critics, who thought Piddubny managed to maintain an independent viewpoint free of propaganda for either side, and that such an account of Stepan Bandera was long overdue.
Boris Bahteev, a critic, believes, however, that Piddubny hadn't completely freed his worldview from the Soviet propaganda and mythology created around Bandera.
It gained additional audience on YouTube and on 1+1 TV channel, and is being used in Ukraine in secondary schools as an educational aid.
It investigates the question who had a more righteous claim to the Crimean peninsula, which was annexed by Russia in 2014.
Aside from Ukrainian television, the film was shown internationally within the Ukrainian diaspora in United States and in Europe, including Vienna, Budapest, and Stockholm.
The documentary received positive reviews from Ukrainian historians and and Russian historian Boris Sokolov The documentary was criticized, however, because it was filmed in Russian rather than Ukrainian.
She represented Austria at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States and she won two medals: the gold medal in the Women's Singles 5 event and a bronze medal in the Women's Open 1–5 event.
The Moskalyev SAM-11 was an amphibious version of the SAM-5bis-2, with a flying boat hull, retractable landing gear and raised engine and tail to avoid spray.
Like the Moskalyev SAM-10, the wooden SAM-11 was a development of the SAM-5bis-2, sharing the same cantilever high wing and tail though with the tailplane raised well above the fuselage.
The original SAM-11 was powered by a tractor configuration, 220 kW (300 hp) inverted, air-cooled, six cylinder inline Bessonov MM-1 engine in a nacelle above the wing on a central pylon.
The hull was flat-sided and contained a cabin for the pilot and three passengers with the pilot ahead of the wing leading edge and with two windows on each side for the passengers.
The triangular plan tailplane was mounted at about one third fin height and carried rounded, tabbed elevators, separated for rudder movement.
On water the SAM-11 relied for stability on stepless stabilizing floats, wing-mounted on pairs of vertical struts and braced by inward leaning struts.
There, the legs were fixed to the fuselage underside but the planing bottom of the SAM-11 meant that they had to be attached to the plywood-covered sides, reinforced in that area.
That first flight was not a success; turbulent prop-wash reaching the tail surfaces produced a loss of control and the SAM-11 was damaged.
It was rebuilt as the SAM-11 bis, fitted with a Voronezh MV-6 engine in a redesigned nacelle, the engine change forced by unobtainability of the more powerful MM-1.
It was officially tested at Sevastopol and flew satisfactorily but did not reach production as its payload with the lower power MV-6 was judged too small.
The plot centres on an expert in Aramaic, Theo Griepenkerl, who discovers nine papyrus scrolls following the bombing of an Iraqi museum.
The scrolls contain the lost gospel of Malchus, a servant who witnessed the Crucifixion of Jesus, and Theo’s translation becomes a publishing sensation.
The President of Seychelles is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round is held between the top two candidates.
In August 2019 the United Seychelles Party nominated its leader and incumbent president Danny Faure as its candidate during its thirty-third annual congress.
Blackfork Junction (also previously known as Blackfork Station, Samsonville, and Washington Furnace) is an unincorporated community in Jefferson Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States.
A small tree or large shrub, it is a popular garden plant, called golden chain tree for its spectacular display of hanging clusters of yellow blossoms.
The bras des Canots is a tributary of the Valin River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Mont-Valin, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
A secondary forest road serves the southwest bank of the Bras des Canots valley and the lakes upstream; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Canoe's arm is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
This source is located northwest of a bay in the northwest of lac Martin-Valin, north of mouth of the Bras des Canots, West of the lac Jalobert (Mont-Valin) which flows into the Sainte-Marguerite River and at on the North shore of the Saguenay River.
The mouth of the Bras des Canots flows onto the north bank of the Valin River, bypassing an island which blocks the mouth.
From the mouth of the Bras des Canots, the current follows the course of the Valin river, then the course of the Saguenay river to the height of Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence river.
Up to a further ten are elected based on the percentage of votes received by each party; for each 10% of the total national vote received, a party gets one additional seat.
It usually has rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, pale creamy yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical fruit.
It usually has rough, loose, fibrous or flaky bark at the base of the trunk, smooth tan to grey bark above.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils usually in groups of between seven and eleven, on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are pale creamy yellow and the fruit is a woody barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical capsule long and wide.
Wasa, also known as Wassa and Wasaw, is the common language of the Wasa people and a dialect of the Akan dialect continuum.
Wasa is partially intelligible with the three principal Akan dialects of Fante, Asante, and Akuapem, the latter two collectively known as Twi, although it is most similar to the Abron dialect.
Altogether there are at least four waterfalls in this series, each originating from a permanent snowfield where a glacier once laid.
The Baie du Canot Rouge is a bay of the Taureau Reservoir, in the unorganized territory of Baie-de-la-Bouteille, in the Matawinie Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Lanaudière, in Quebec, in Canada.
The lake's surface is generally frozen from November to April; however, safe circulation on the ice is usually from mid-December to the end of March.
The bay receives on its west shore the waters of René stream and from the east, the outlet of Lac de la Pomme.
The 2019-20 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season was the 80th season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
Akaiyan Falls can be access via the Sperry Trail and have a series of drops the tallest of which is .
Ida Walker (February 22, 1876 - June 18, 1968) was an American politician, educator and journalist who served two terms as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative of the 101st District in Norton County, Kansas.
A Republican, she was one of the first four women to serve in the House of Representatives, serving along with Rep. Minnie J. Grinstead, Rep. Minnie Minnich and Rep. Nellie Cline.
Representative Walker was a teacher and associate editor of a newspaper owned by her husband, in addition to her service in the Kansas Legislature.
A native of Jewell County, Kansas, she was president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and president of the Federation of Women's Clubs.
He made his debut for IK Start in 1993, and also played a couple of games in the 1994 Eliteserien, but without scoring.
Elizabeth Daly (October 15, 1878 – September 2, 1967) was an American writer of mystery novels whose main character, Henry Gamadge, was a bookish author, bibliophile, and amateur detective.
Born Elizabeth T. Daly in 1878 in New York City, she was the daughter of Joseph F. Daly, a New York Supreme Court justice, and Emma Barker Daly.
Susan A. Phillips (born 1969) is an American anthropologist and criminologist who works as a professor of environmental analysis at Pitzer College.
She then went to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for graduate study in anthropology, earning a master's degree in 1994 and completing a Ph.D. in 1998.
After continuing at UCLA as a lecturer for four more years, and also working as a lecturer at the ArtCenter College of Design, she became an assistant professor at Pitzer College in 2002.
The tour is scheduled to begin on May 14, 2020, in Seattle at the CenturyLink Field and is currently set to end on September 26, 2020, at the MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford after 45 shows.
On December 20, Bieber tweeted that something was going to happen on the December 24 and 31, 2019, as well as on January 3 and 4, 2020.
Hermit Mountain is a mountain summit located in Glacier National Park, in the Hermit Range of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
It is also set north-northwest of Mount Tupper, and north of Rogers Pass, from which it can be seen from the Trans-Canada Highway.
The first ascent of the mountain was made August 4, 1904, by Alex M. Gordon, Samuel Harper Gray, James C. Herdman, Edward Feuz, and Edward Feuz Jr. via the Southeast Couloir.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Hermit Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
This climate supports the Tupper Glacier on the south slope, Hermit Glacier on the north aspect, and an unnamed glacier in the east cirque.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from these surrounding glaciers on its slopes drains into tributaries of the Beaver River.
Joan Adam (born April 4, 1944) is an American politician, attorney and historic preservation advocate who served five terms as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative from the 48th District in Atchison, Kansas.
A Democrat, she was elected to the House of Representatives in 1982 and served until the end of her fifth term in 1993.
A resident of Kansas City, Kansas, she is a board member of Historic Kansas City and a former president of Historic Kansas City.
David Wengrow (born 25 July 1972) is a British archaeologist and Professor of Comparative Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
He went on to qualify for an MSt in World Archaeology in 1998 and then studied for a D.Phil under the supervision of Roger Moorey completed in 2001.
Between 2001-2004 Wengrow was Henri Frankfort Fellow at the Warburg Institute and Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church, Oxford; he was appointed to a lectureship at the UCL Institute of Archaeology in 2004, and in 2011 was made Professor of Comparative Archaeology (a title formerly held by Peter Ucko).
Wengrow has conducted archaeological excavations in Africa and the Middle East, most recently with the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraqi Kurdistan and is currently working on a historical study of social inequality with LSE anthropologist David Graeber.
and has delivered the Rostovtzeff Lectures (New York University), the Jack Goody Lectures (Max Planck Institute) and the Biennial Henry Myers Lecture (Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain).
He served as external coordinator of the Mellon Research Initiative at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts and was Distinguished Visitor at the University of Auckland.
The Queer LitFest, Chennai (QLF), also known as Chennai Queer LitFest () is an annual literary festival which takes place in the Indian city Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
The event is organized by Queer Chennai Chronicles, an independent publishing and literary forum based in Chennai, and is the first Queer LitFest India.
The festival began as the brain child of Chennai based queer activist Moulee, who thought there was a need for a wider discussion on queer literature in India that would bring queer writers, translators and allies together.
The Chennai Queer LitFest was started in 2018 to focus on LGBTQIA+ literature in Tamil and other Indian languages, and to highlight queer identified authors, translators and artists.
QLF has hosted participants that include writers, translators and artists of Tamil Nadu, and from Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Mumbai and London.
QLF has included themes like Queer identities in India, Inclusive children's literature, Art in Queer literature, translations and Queer literature in publishing.
The 2018 Chennai Queer LitFest held on 7th July 2018 is the first literary festival in India that completely focused on queer literature, writers and translators.
The first edition of the Chennai Queer LitFest's topics of discussion included LGBT representation in Media moderated by writer and translator Gireesh, Queer Literature in publishing; Vasudhendra of Mohanaswamy fame spoke about Queer Literature in Kannada followed by reading from selected queer literature in Tamil.
Along the lines of diversity and marginality of queer lives and their invisibilised narratives, The Chinky Homo Project was formally launched in the LitFest.
A panel on Art in Queer Literature (Queerness in Art) was moderated by artist Senthil between Community Historian Maari and Illustrator Vai.
London based writer and artist Hari Rajaledchumy spoke about her personal finding of queer literature and Tamil queer literature in general.
In this year he also won the marathon event of the Ottawa Race Weekend with a new personal best of 2:08:03.
This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.
It was completely rebuilt and reopened as the Altrincham Provident Dispensary and Hospital in 1870 before joining the National Health Service in 1948.
The site in Market Street was subsequently redeveloped to create a health and wellbeing centre as well as a new home for Altrincham Library.
Two series of Tongyuan (銅元) were simultaneously in circulation, one carried the inscription Guangxu Yuanbao (光緒元寶), which was also used for silver coins, and the other with the inscription Da-Qing Tongbi.
While the Guangxu Yuanbao were often provincially issued and at first were of different weights, the Da-Qing Tongbi was introduced by the imperial government in the hopes to create a unified national currency system.
The Qing dynasty had a bimetallic coinage system, and similar titles were also used for other standardised metal coinages such as the silver Da-Qing Yinbi (大清銀幣) and the gold Da-Qing Jinbi (大清金幣).
Due to a shortage of copper at the end of the Qing dynasty, the mint of Guangzhou, Guangdong began striking round copper coins without square holes in June 1900.
These struck coins were well received because of their higher quality compared to cast coins and their convenience in carriage, as well as their uniform weight and copper content compared to the less consistent alloys of cast Chinese coinage.
As these coins were profitable to manufacture it did not take long before other provinces started making machine-struck cash coins too, and soon 20 bureaus were opened across China.
As these coins became more common they eventually replaced the old cast coins as the main medium of exchange for small purchases among the Chinese people.
Due to the success of these Cantonese milled coins, the government of the province of Fujian started minting their own version of this coin in August of 1900.
From the year 1901 the provinces of Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fengtian, Hunan, Beiyang Zhili, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shandong, Henan, Guangxi, and Yunnan had all begun to manufacture milled copper-alloy coins and distributed them nationwide.
They became so became so popular that by the 31st year of the Guangxu Emperor (1906) they were being produced at 15 different bureaus in 12 provinces.
The government of the Qing dynasty hoped to regain control of its currency system in order to also get more control over its own internal affairs.
The designs of the Da-Qing Tongbi coins is similar to that of the Guangxu Yuanbao coins, the inscription Da-Qing Tongbi written in large Traditional Chinese characters occupied the centre part of the obverse side of the coin.
In the very centre of the coin, between the Da-Qing Tongbi characters, was one or two small Chinese characters indicating the provincial mint where the coin was manufactured.
Near the top of the rim of the coin, the inscription Da-Qing Tongbi was again written down, but this time it was written using the Manchu script, as Manchu was the language of the ruling class of the Qing dynasty.
The reverse side of the Da-Qing Tongbi coin, like the Guangxu Yuanbao provincial coinages, also had the design of a Chinese dragon on it, but these dragons have much fewer variations in comparison to those on the Guangxu Yuanbao milled coins because of the imperial governments efforts in standarising designs.
Both Chinese and foreigners soon started producing struck cash coins of inferior quality often with traces of the Korean 5 fun coins they were overstruck on, or with characters and symbols not found on official government issued coins.
Joseon began minting modern-style machine-struck copper-alloy coins in 1892, which was 8 years before the Qing dynasty did so in China.
The majority of the counterfeit coins bear the inscription that they were minted in either Zhejiang province or Shandong province, but they circulated all over the coastal regions of China.
For example there can still be traces of a wreath surrounding the dragon or minor traces of the original Korean inscription.
Tobias Klysner Breuner (born 3 July 2001) is a Danish professional footballer who plays for Danish Superliga side Randers FC as a winger.
Klysner started on the bench, but replaced Mikkel Kallesøe in the 91th minute and was included in the match winning goal to the result 2-1.
Randers confirmed on 11 June 2019, that Klysner had signed a professional four-year contract with the club and was permanently promoted to the first team squad.
Susan Kyle Howson (born October 21, 1945) is a British economist, currently professor emeritus of economics at the University of Toronto in Canada.
Born in London, Howson received her Ph.D. in economics from the University of Cambridge in 1975, as well as a B.A./M.Sc.
She is the author of a biography of the economist Lionel Robbins, as well as a four-volume series on the collected works of James Meade.
Whilst playing amateur rugby in the All-Ireland League for Dublin University, Osborne was recommended to Leinster during their 2019–20 pre-season training by Noel McNamara, an elite player development officer with the province, and Tony Smeeth, one of the coaches at Dublin University.
He made his debut of the bench for the province in their 53–5 win against Welsh side Ospreys in round 2 of the 2019–20 Pro14 on 4 October 2019, before featuring off the bench again one week later, scoring his first try for the province in their 40–14 win against Scottish side Edinburgh.
Following these two appearances, and his performances for Leinster A in the 2019–20 Celtic Cup and for Dublin University in the All-Ireland League, Osborne was awarded a professional contract with the province for the remainder of the 2019–20 season.
Ahead of Leinster's inter-provincial clash against old rivals Munster on 28 December 2019, Osborne was named in the starting XV at short-notice after original starting scrum-half Jamison Gibson-Park withdrew from the team due to illness.
In his first senior start for the province, Osborne played 65 minutes, helping his team to a 13–6 win in Thomond Park.
Denise Coleman Apt (December 10, 1929 - November 3, 2014) was an American politician who served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative from the 10th District in Allen County, Kansas from 1981 to 1989.
Born Denise Coleman in Maywood, Illinois, Representative Apt attended Iowa State University and the University of Arkansas, where she studied engineering.
A Republican, Representative Apt was the president of the USD 257 Board of Education for 12 years before being elected to the Kansas State Board of Education, where she served for three years.
She was appointed to a vacant seat in the Kansas House of Representatives in 1981 and reelected in 1982, 1984 and 1986.
During the 2014 gubernatorial election, she was part of a group of moderate Republican former lawmakers who endorsed Democrat Paul Davis over Republican Gov.
It is considered an iconic work of 20th century architecture, and one of very few that Hejduk realised during his lifetime.
Focused on a shortage of social housing in West Berlin, it became the largest urban renewal effort in Europe at the time.
Whilst he did not win, the director of IBA Neubau (New Buildings), Josef Paul Kleihues, was impressed by Hejduk's ideas and invited him to propose a building project for an empty plot — number 11 — between Kochstrasse and Charlottenstrasse (in additional to two other plots, in Tegel and on Friedrichstrasse ).
At this point in time, Hejduk was best known as the Dean of the Cooper Union School of Architecture in New York, and as an architect whose output mostly consisted of poetry, drawings, and publications.
Instead, all 55 apartments across the three buildings were given over to social housing, in what was, at the time, a largely Turkish Gastarbeiter demographic in Kreuzberg.
The Kreuzberg Tower consists of five independent towers interconnected by internal and external walkways: the towers are square, rectangular and circular in plan.
The largest of these towers comprises living area on the lower level, and a loft-type artist's studio on the upper level.
Two other Hejduk designed constructions — entitled House of the Painter and House of the Musician — were originally intended to stand in the courtyard area, but were never realised.
He purchased a commission into the 9th Regiment of Foot as an ensign in August 1835, and was promoted to lieutenant, again by purchase, in October 1837.
Elmhirst served in the First Anglo-Afghan War, and was mentioned in despatches for recapturing a British gun during the expedition to Kohistan.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring by Richard Skelton in Manchester's first-innings, while in their second-innings he made 45 runs before being dismissed by James Burbeary, sharing in a partnership of 109 with Edward Martin.
He purchased the rank of major in June 1852, before serving in the Crimean War, during which he was promoted to lieutenant colonel without purchase in March 1855.
He was decorated with the Legion of Honour by France in May 1857 and with the Order of the Medjidie by the Ottoman Empire in March 1858.
The following year he was promoted to major-general, while in the 1873 Birthday Honours he was appointed to the Order of the Bath.
Elmhirst was appointed as the regimental colonel of the South Staffordshire Regiment in September 1881, a role he held for over ten years, before serving in the same capacity with the Royal Norfolk Regiment in September 1893.
James Arnold Macrae (born February 24, 1926, date of death not found) was a Canadian football player who played for the Edmonton Eskimos.
The 1987–88 season is Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 86th season in existence and the club's 57th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Real Madrid finished the season as champions for the third season running, 11 points ahead of the runners-up this time being Real Sociedad.
, it is the 29th most subscribed YouTube channel in the world with over 32.6 million subscribers and over 6 billion views.
In June 2019, Bright Side made Angus Barbieri's fast into a YouTube sensation after creating an animated video documenting Barbieri's 382-day fast.
October 2004 in Mannheim) was a German art dealer with the first Art Gallery for international contemporary art in Mannheim (Germany) after the Second World War 1945.
In the late years of the Second World War she met the young architect Harro Lauter (October 17, 1919 - October 5, 1996), whom she married in 1948.
After spending 3 years in her father-in-law's parental home in Hoffenheim / Sinsheim (Germany), her husband was appointed architect in 1952 to the Mannheim Building Authority.
In 1963, in collaboration with the Mannheim and Paris based artist Rudi Baerwind and the Galerie Paul Facchetti Paris, she opened the first gallery for international contemporary art after the Second World War in Mannheim.
Galerie Margarete Lauter opened on November 21, 1963 with an exhibition that took place in close collaboration with the Galerie Paul Facchetti, Paris.
In 1967 the gallery moved to larger rooms in B 4, 10a, where up to 6 exhibitions under the new name Galerie Lauter took place every year with international contemporary art (1967-1990).
From 1990 to 1996 Lauter changed for new tall spaces at Friedrichsplatz 14, right next to the Kunsthalle Mannheim and Mannheim's landmark, the water tower.
From 1996 she retired to private rooms for 4 years after her husband passed away, focusing on smaller exhibitions and art consulting.
Lauter ended her gallery activities in spring 2003, after 40 years of successful work, in which she was able to build up numerous new private collections.
Poor air quality in Utah is due to the mountainous topography which can cause pollutants to build up near the surface (especially during inversions) combined with the prevalence of emissions from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles, especially older models.
In 2017 the American Lung Association (ALA) ranked Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem area as the 14th worst city for ozone air quality in the U.S. and 8th for worst short-term particle pollution, just after Los Angeles.
For example, from 2015 to 2016 the state offered up to a $1500 credit for clean fuel vehicles However, in 2019 Utah began imposing an additional registration fee on clean fuel vehicles that will increase to $120 annually by 2021.
While inversions are a natural phenomenon, when coupled with community emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles, wood fires, industry, and agriculture they can cause unnatural accumulations of hazardous pollutants (especially PM).
A typical winter in Salt Lake City has about 6 multi-day inversions that lead to about 18 days of pollution above National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
To improve air quality, especially during inversions, there are restrictions on burning wood fires with fines starting at $150 for first time offenses in Salt Lake County.
Emissions can be reduced by using gasoline and diesel vehicles less by more carpooling and taking public transit, less idling, use of newer vehicles (especially clean fuel vehicles), and combining trips.
Less use of gas-powered snow blowers, fireworks, gas-powered lawnmowers, and materials with high volatile organic compound emissions such as certain paints can help keep air clean throughout the year.
Two pollutant measurements of highest concern for health are PM (or amount of fine particulates with diameters of 2.5 μm or less) of and ozone levels.
To try and reduce negative health effects of outdoor air quality in Utah, at risk groups (including the young, the elderly, and those who exercise outdoors) are advised to stay indoors.
Particulates, especially smaller ones such as PM, can enter deep into the lungs to cause or worsen respiratory disease issues, and decrease lung function.
Particulates can also cross the blood–brain barrier and cause degenerative brain diseases such as Dementia and Alzheimer's, mental illness, and reduced intelligence.
Particulates can be emitted either directly (primary) from sources like exhaust gas, wood fires and fireworks, or can form in the atmosphere (secondary) from chemicals emitted from VOCs like fuel and household products (like paints), and gaseous vehicle emissions of NOx.
Exposure to higher levels of ozone during pregnancy has been linked with an increased risk of stillbirth, infant mortality, and brain disorders.
An MIT study estimated 200,000 premature deaths occur in the U.S. each year as a result of poor air quality, with the most significant contribution from vehicles.
The study estimated 461 premature deaths in Utah annually due to high levels of ozone and particulate matter, with vehicle emissions leading to 147 of the deaths annually.
In 2017 the Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study (UWFPS) involved intensive studies from the air and ground of particulates and their formation in northern Utah basins in winter.
Researchers were from NOAA ESRL, the Utah Division of Air Quality, the University of Utah, University of Toronto, University of Washington, and USDA.
Life expectancy increased by about 3 years from 1980 to 2000 and 5 months of that were attributed to better air quality by Pope.
Legislation in Utah in response to poor air quality has been mixed, with some laws and ordinances expected to help, and others expected to worsen air quality.
The law, which was sponsored by Wayne Harper and Mike Schultz, implements an additional annual registration fee of up to $120 on clean air vehicles by the year 2020.
The additional fees were opposed by air quality advocates such as the nonprofits Breathe Utah, and Utah Clean Energy which has stated the fees are misguided.
Clean air advocates have voiced concerns that the additional fees will slow electric vehicle adoption in Utah and promote poorer air quality.
On January 1, 2017 most oil refineries in the U.S. were required to start meeting Environmental Protection Agency rules for Tier 3 fuels which would reduce NO, VOC, and sulfur emissions.
Due to their smaller size, the five refineries in Utah were exempt from the EPA requirement, and the state of Utah allowed the exemption.
The Silver Eagle refinery voluntarily met the requirement in 2018, and Andeavor and Chevron voluntarily committed to meet the standard by January 1, 2020.
Utah has been opposed to allowing California to set higher standards for fuel efficiency and for reduced emissions for higher standards of air quality than the federal government.
Utah legislatures Stephen Handy and Suzanne Harrison have spoken out against the rollback of fuel standards by the Trump administration, citing negative effects of air pollution in Utah on health.
Anti-idling ordinances were passed in Salt Lake City in 2011 with fines of up to $210 for idling for more than 2 minutes.
He started his manager career with Grótta in the third tier of Icelandic football in 2018, placing second and getting promoted.
In the 2019 second tier season he guided Grótta to first place in the league and promotion to the top tier.
After the season he was hired by Breiðablik, with Grótta hiring Ágúst Gylfason who had just vacated the manager role at Breiðablik.
In 2019 Óskar Hrafn was voted the coach of the year in Icelandic sports as the Icelandic Sportsperson of the Year was announced.
Óskar worked as a journalist for several years and was a news editor for Vísir.is, Dagblaðið Vísir and Stöð 2, where he was the head of Stöð 2 Sport.
It usually has rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, pale creamy yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical fruit.
It usually has rough, loose, fibrous or flaky bark at the base of the trunk, smooth tan to grey bark above.
Adult leaves are the same shade of dull to glossy green on both sides, narrow lance-shaped to lance-shaped, long and wide and petiolate.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils usually in groups of between seven and eleven, on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are pale creamy yellow and the fruit is a woody barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical capsule long and wide.
The rivière du Canot is a stream flowing in the territory of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, and will drain into the Gatineau River in the unorganized territory of Lac-De La Bidière, in the Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Laurentides, in Quebec, in Canada.
Lac du Canot (length: in an east-west direction; altitude: ) is the main head water body of the Rivière du Canot.
From Lac du Canot, the Rivière du Canot runs southwest through three lakes, up to two outlets (southeast and northwest), the mouths of which are almost opposite.
From this confluence, the Canot River flows southwest through several zones of rapids, to the outlet (coming from the east) of Lac Rond (altitude: ).
The Rivière du Canot crosses a final segment of south, to its confluence with the Gatineau River where the latter forms a bend from the west and redirecting southerly.
In its upper part, the Canot river flows to the southwest, more or less in parallel (on the west side) with the rivière aux Bleuets.
The characteristics of the canoe make it useful especially for portages, shelter by forming a tent and especially navigate in shallow waters.
The toponym Rivière du Canot was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
The 1992–93 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 93rd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
He is best known for professional kiteboarding sports activity and founding Chef Distilled, a first legal rum distillery in Florida Keys.
Menta achieved recognition in the field of kiteboarding sport in 2001, as a first person to kitesurf 90 miles from Key West to Havana, Cuba.
Menta found his passions in cooking, travelling and kitesurfing and roamed the world while studying new culinary techniques and other cultures.
The distillery and original methods of using the Key West heat, humidity and pressure temperature combinations to produce distinct flavors in the rum was featured on The Weather Channel with Jim Cantore which premiered the first day of the 2014 hurricane season.
He got into kitesurfing emerging sports relatively late (at the age of 30) in 1996 but soon became noteworthy sportsman and professional in the field.
Jack Aungier (born 20 November 1998) is an Irish rugby union player who is currently a member of the Leinster academy.
Whilst still in Leinster's academy, Aungier was selected on the bench for their round 5 2019–20 Pro14 fixture against Welsh side Dragons on 1 November 2019, and he replaced Michael Bent in the 52nd minute in the provinces 50–15 win.
The single remains the group's most successful song, peaking at number 7 in the Netherlands, number 9 in Sweden and number 12 in Denmark.
Ransom graduated from The Choate School (1956), Princeton University (BA, 1960) and the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (MA, 1962).
While with the State Department, Ransom was a White House National Security Council staffer from 1973 to 1975, during the Nixon and Ford presidencies, first under both Henry Kissinger and General Brent Scowcroft.
From 1978 to 1982, he was assigned to Department of Defense, working as the Director of the Near East, South Asia and Africa Division, serving both the Democrat Harold Brown and Republican Casper Weinberger.
The Big Bend is a large meander of the Missouri River in South Dakota, now impounded by the Big Bend Dam, to its south, as part of Lake Sharpe.
The land within the bend and on its right bank is part of the Lower Brule Indian Reservation, while the land on the left bank is part of the Crow Creek Indian Reservation.
The falls emerge at the top of a hanging valley just beyond the outflow for Lake Ellen Wilson and descend in a series of braided drops a distance of nearly , the tallest of which is recorded as being a straight drop of .
The 2020 Bluegreen Vacations Duels are a pair of NASCAR Cup Series stock car races held on February 13, 2020, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.
Daytona International Speedway is one of six superspeedways to hold NASCAR races, the others being Michigan International Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Pocono Raceway and Talladega Superspeedway.
The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees.
The 2020 Busch Clash was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 9, 2020, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.
The track, Daytona International Speedway, is one of six superspeedways to hold NASCAR races, the others being Michigan International Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Pocono Raceway, and Talladega Superspeedway.
The standard track at Daytona International Speedway is a four–turn superspeedway that is The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees.
The race is 75 laps in length, and is divided into two segments; the first is 25 laps and the second is 50 laps.
The 2020 Busch Clash will not be a predetermined number of cars; rather, the field is limited to drivers who meet more exclusive criteria.
Only drivers who were 2019 Pole Award winners, former Clash race winners, former Daytona 500 champions, former Daytona 500 pole winners who competed full–time in 2019 and drivers who qualified for the 2019 Playoffs are eligible.
FS1 covered the race on the television side; Mike Joy and Jeff Gordon handled the call in the booth for the race; Jamie Little, Matt Yocum and Vince Welch handled pit road for the television side.
After finishing secondary education at Stephen F. Austin High School, he then attended the University of Texas at Austin where he completed a Bachelor of Journalism degree in 1999.
During this period he was selected as a finalist in a national competition for excellence in journalism by the William Randolph Hearst Foundation.
He covered stories in the Midwest and West Coast such as the tornado devastation in Oklahoma City and the Midwest energy crisis.
In 2013, Howell was hired by CNN as a news reporter along with Alina Machado, who also came from WSB, and Pamela Brown.
He was first assigned as a national correspondent in CNN's Chicago bureau and has reported high profile stories such as the deaths of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown.
The New York Association of Black Journalists and the Atlanta Association of Black Journalists have recognized Howell for his work as a journalist.
Si Estuvieras Conmigo is the ninth studio album by Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres, released on May 15, 1990 through EMI Latin.
The falls descend from outlet streams from the surrounding peaks and No Name Lake and split into two waterfalls as they cascade into Two Medicine Valley.
With an average weekly attendance of more than 9,000 as of March, 2019 at weekly services at each campus, as well as live online streaming, the Church by The Glades is one of the largest churches in the Southern Florida.
CBG has been a strong opponent of ongoing violence in the country and provides spiritual services for affected survivors and family members, trying to reconcile tragic events.
On Feb. 20, 2018, CBG hosted a Columbine survivor to speak about the widespread violence and mass shootings in the US.
The Act designated four (4) new wilderness areas in the U.S. state of Vermont, while expanding one (1) existing wilderness area.
In addition to the wilderness areas listed above, the Act created the White Rocks National Recreation Area in the Green Mountain National Forest.
Eliya ibn ʿUbaid, also called Eliya al-Jawharī, was the bishop of Jerusalem and then archbishop of Damascus in the Church of the East.
It does not include the dioceses of the province of China or the province of India, perhaps because metropolitans were no longer being sent to them.
Since Eliya wrote in Arabic, while the official records of the church were kept in Syriac, there is some uncertainty regarding the identification of some dioceses.
Eliya wrote the oldest surviving list of patriarchs of the Church of the East, although it only survives in a thirteenth-century manuscript (Vatican Library, Cod.
Eliya of Damascus is the first historian to record—and may himself have fabricated—the existence of five apocryphal early patriarchs with the dates of their pontificates: Abris (120–137), Abraham (159–171), Yaʿqob I (190), Aha d'Abuh (204–220) and Shahlufa (220–224).
The last two are in fact late third-century bishops of Erbil who were transferred forward in time and upward in office.
Eliya also placed the historical patriarch Tomarsa in the middle of the third century, to fill a gap between Shahlufa and Papa, whose reign began around 280.
Mott and Mustain operated a variety of business ventures including the Washington Hall hotel and a stagecoach line between Augusta and Montgomery via Macon.
He had acquired one of the last African slaves imported into the United States from Charles Augustus Lafayette Lamar who brought him from Africa aboard his ship Wanderer.
After the Union Army captured the city in the Battle of Columbus on April 16, 1865, Union General James Harrison Wilson commandeered the Mott house for his headquarters.
He was a trustee of both the Milledgeville insane asylum and the Columbus Freedman’s Bureau as well as mayor pro tem of that city.
Graphic details of his death appeared in papers around Georgia after he fell under the wheels of a train while trying to get home from Atlanta.
Tommy O'Brien (born 20 February 1998) is an Irish rugby union player who is currently a member of the Leinster academy.
O'Brien attended Blackrock College and played in the Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup for the school, as well being a Leinster Schools 110-metre hurdles champion.
O'Brien made his senior competitive debut for Leinster in their round 8 2019–20 Pro14 interprovincial clash against Ulster on 20 December 2019, with O'Brien starting at 13 for Leinster and playing 70 minutes in their 54–42 win against the northern province.
The United States Space Force was established on December 20, 2019, but in some cases a United States service branch of that name had been featured in popular culture decades earlier, projecting the future establishment of such a branch.
The Tuborg Bottle (Danish: Tuborgflasken) is a 26 metres tall landmark shaped as a Tuborg bottle located close to Tuborg's former brewery site, now Tuborg Havn, Hellerup, in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The Tuborg Bottle was originally constructed as Tuborg Breweries' contribution to the Nordic Exhibition of 1888 in Copenhagen and it was then located where Copenhagen City Hall stands today.
The Tuborg Bottle was after the closure of the exhibition in 1889 moved to a site next to the Tuborg headquarters at the corner of Strandvejen and Carolinevej in Hellerup.
The entrance fee to the tower was 5 øre but the 5 øre was refunded if visitors enjoyed a glass of beer in the adjacent restaurant and beer gqarden after visiting the tower.
The Tuborg Bottle was in 1988 temporarily moved to City Hall Square in Copenhagen to mark the 150 years anniversary of the Industrial Council (Industrirådet) as well as the 100 years anniversary of the Tuborg Bottle.
The Tuborg Bottle is 26 metres tall and has retained its original shape but has apart from that undergone a number of changes since it was first erected in 1888.
The original design featured a Red Tuborg lager beer label but it was changed to a Green Tuborg label as pilsner beer grew in popularity.
It peaked at number 7 in the Germany, number 9 in Switzerland, number 10 in Austria and number 16 in Norway.
It is sung in German, and the music video features Blümchen performing the song while she rolls around on roller skates.
Roslyn Betty Poignant (May 12, 1927 – November 7, 2019) was an Australian photographic anthropologist who collaboratively published, interpreted, managed, and repatriated husband Axel Poignant's photographs including photos of indigenous peoples from Arnhem Land, Papua New Guinea, and Tahiti; also involved in photographing and writing about museum collections of the material culture of Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Australia.
Poignant was educated at Sydney Girls High School and then went on take history and anthropology at the University of Sydney.
She began studying pictures of indigenous Australians in her first job working with linguist Ted Strehlow who had recorded some of their ceremonies.
She found these in the 1970s in the Royal Anthropological Institute and she was particularly interested in one of Bonaparte's photographs of three Australian aboriginals who she found out were named Billy, Jenny and Toby.
These people were all thought to be dead and buried until the mummified body of Kukamunburra (Tambo) was discovered in a funeral home in Cleveland, Ohio.
The Lac des Pas Perdus is a freshwater body in the watershed of the Pikauba River, of the Chicoutimi River (via the Kenogami Lake) and the Saguenay River.
Lac des Pas Perdus is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Pas Perdus Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of Pikauba, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-Pikauba.
The mouth of Lac des Pas Perdus is located approximately northeast of the boundary of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.
Lac des Pas Perdus has a length of , a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
This lake has a bay stretching for to the east where the outlet (from the north) of Lac Éperon flows; the narrowing of the lake at the entrance to this bay is formed by a peninsula attached to the north shore and another coming from the south shore.
This toponym is indicated on the draft of the map of Lac Jacques-Cartier 1959-11-04, item 45, and on the draft of Baie-Saint-Paul, 1961-06-16, item 169.
Marko Kilpi (born 19 May 1969 in Rovaniemi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
This list of churches in Nord-Hålogaland is a list of the Church of Norway churches in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland which includes all of Troms og Finnmark county in Norway.
Each municipal church council may be made up of one or more parishes (), each of which may have their own council ().
Originally, Kautokeino Municipality was part of the Alta prosti, but on 1 April 1991, Kautokeino was moved to the newly created Indre Finnmark prosti.
Originally, Karasjok and Porsanger municipalities were part of the Hammerfest prosti, but on 1 April 1991, both were moved to the newly created Indre Finnmark prosti.
This deanery was established on 1 April 1991 when parts of the three existing deaneries were transferred to this new Sami-majority deanery: Kautokeino (from Alta prosti), Porsanger and Karasjok (from Hammerfest prosti), and Tana and Nesseby (from Varanger prosti).
This deanery is also the only deanery in Norway with a majority of members being Sami people, which is why the Northern Sami language is the administrative language for the deanery.
The deanery was created in its present form in 1998 when the Indre Troms prosti was established and Balsfjord was transferred there.
The deanery was created in 1998 by transferring Bardu and Målselv municipalities from Senja prosti, Balsfjord from Troms prosti, and Lavangen and Salangen from Trondenes prosti.
This deanery was established on 1 January 1860 when the old Senja prosti was divided into two deaneries: Senja in the north and Trondenes in the south.
This deanery covers the eastern part of Finnmark in the areas surrounding the Varangerfjorden and the areas on the Varanger Peninsula.
Varanger prosti was established on 14 May 1864 when the old Øst-Finnmark prosti was dissolved, moving Lebesby prestegjeld to the newly created Hammerfest prosti and the rest of the old deanery became Varanger prosti.
Originally, Tana and Nesseby municipalities were part of the Varanger prosti, but on 1 April 1991, both were moved to the newly created Indre Finnmark prosti.
Markku Yrjö Eestilä (born 23 July 1956 in Iisalmi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
Without doing New York Fashion Week, she went to London and Paris to model for Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Dries Van Noten, and Alexander McQueen.
Blomqvist has appeared in advertisements for Jil Sander, BCBG Max Azria, Uniqlo, Vera Wang, Tory Burch, Belstaff, Banana Republic, Givenchy, Joe Fresh, Akris, Carven, Valentino, and Missoni.
In 2019, Blomqvist returned to Prada after a seven-year hiatus from the brand to close its spring 2020 fashion show and appears in the 2020 cruise campaign.
The Jacqueline Lake (French: Lac Jacqueline) is a fresh body of water from the catchment area of the Rivière aux Écorces, of the Pikauba River and Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The area around the lake is served indirectly by the route 175 which passes on the east side, for the needs of recreational tourism activities, especially vacationing.
The surface of Lake Jacqueline is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by riparian streams, by the outlet (coming from the east) of Lory Lake and by a stream (coming from the southeast).
This lake is surrounded by mountains on the east and south sides, whose summits reach to the northeast, to the east and to the south.
Donnis Hazel Thompson (April 1, 1933 – February 2, 2009) was an American professor of health, physical education, and recreation at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and was the university's first women's athletic director.
However, when Thompson left the University of Hawaii to pursue her PhD at Northern Colorado University, the track team was unable to be supported and eventually disbanded.
Upon returning to the University of Hawaii, Thompson worked alongside Congresswoman Patsy Mink to write the legislation for Title IX to end discrimination on the basis of gender.
Soon after the passing of Title IX in 1972, she was appointed the university's first women's athletic director, on a budget of $5,000.
With this amount, she hired Dave Shoji in 1975 to become a part-time women's volleyball coach on a salary of $2,000 per season.
As a result of her success, Thompson was named the State of Hawaii Department of Education school superintendent, before being terminated in 1984 for a lack of long range planning and policy.
Prior to leaving the University of Hawaii, Thompson helped add five more women's sports and achieve a National Volleyball Championship title.
Heikki Vestman (born 8 April 1985 in Kerava) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Kari Tapani Tolvanen (born 24 July 1961 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Roman Salanoa (born 28 October 1997) is an American rugby union player who is currently a member of Irish province Leinster's academy.
He attended Kahuku High & Intermediate School and, after helping the school win a state championship in American football in 2015, Salanoa earned an All-State selection as a defensive linesman.
In his final year of high school, Salanoa began playing rugby union for Kahuku High, and he helped the school to a state championship in the sport, the second such accolade for Salanoa.
Aged 18 and having played only a handful of games in the sport, Salanoa was then selected in the United States national under-20 rugby union team for the 2016 World Rugby Under 20 Trophy, where they finished fifth.
Following his performances for the United States under-20s team, a week-long trial was arranged for Salanoa with Irish provincial team Leinster in late 2016.
He returned to Ireland to join Leinster's sub-academy in September 2017, and he also joined Dublin-based club Old Belvedere, playing for the club's under-20s.
Salanoa progressed to Old Belvedere's senior side, playing in Division 1B of the All-Ireland League, whilst also featuring for Leinster A in the 2018 Cara Cup, a tournament hosted in the United States between Major League Rugby side the New England Free Jacks and the 'A' teams for each of the four Irish provincial clubs.
After training with the senior squad during 2019–20 pre-season, Salanoa made his non-competitive debut for Leinster as a replacement in their 47–17 friendly win against English side Coventry in August 2019, before making his senior competitive debut as a replacement in Leinster's 54–42 win against provincial rivals Ulster in round 8 of the 2019–20 Pro14 on 20 December 2019.
Mia Kaarina Laiho is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Ruut Sjöblom (born 23 August 1976 in Tuusula) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Norberg grew up in Evanston, Illinois, studied at DePauw University, and earned his bachelor's degree in absentia in 1943 while serving in the United States Air Force in World War I.
After returning in 1946, he received his master's and doctoral degrees in physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1947 and 1951, respectively, as the first Ph.D. student of Charles Slichter.
Pihla Keto-Huovinen (born 19 September 1974 in Espoo) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
North Deer Creek drains of area, receives about 43.4 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 456.90, and has an average water temperature of 8.23°C.
This list of psychology awards is an index to articles about notable awards given for work in the fields of psychology, cognitive sciences and psychiatry.
The New England Wilderness Act of 2006 () was signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 1, 2006.
The Act designated three (3) new wilderness areas in the U.S. states of New Hampshire and Vermont, while expanding five (5) existing wilderness areas across these two states.
A total of of new wilderness were created, in the White Mountain National Forest (in New Hampshire) and the Green Mountain National Forest (in Vermont).
In addition to the wilderness areas listed above, the Act created the Moosalamoo National Recreation Area in the Green Mountain National Forest.
Hannu Tapio Hoskonen (born 23 August 1957 in Ilomantsi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
In discrete geometry and computational geometry, the relative convex hull or geodesic convex hull is an analogue of the convex hull for the points inside a simple polygon or a rectifiable simple closed curve.
Let formula_1 be a simple polygon or a rectifiable simple closed curve, and let formula_2 be any set enclosed by formula_1.
A subset formula_6 of the points inside formula_1 is said to be relatively convex, geodesically convex, or formula_1-convex if, for every two points of formula_6, the geodesic between them in formula_1 stays within formula_6.
However this definition is complicated by the need to use weakly simple polygons (intuitively, polygons in which the polygon boundary can touch or overlap itself but not cross itself) instead of simple polygons when formula_2 is disconnected and its components are not all visible to each other.
, who provided an efficient algorithm for the construction of the relative convex hull for finite sets of points inside a simple polygon.
With subsequent improvements in the time bounds for two subroutines, finding shortest paths between query points in a polygon, and polygon triangulation, this algorithm takes time formula_17 on an input with formula_18 points in a polygon with formula_19 vertices.
The relative convex hull of a finite set of points is always a weakly simple polygon, but it might not actually be a simple polygon, because parts of it can be connected to each other by line segments or polygonal paths rather than by regions of nonzero area.
A simple polygon formula_1 within another simple polygon formula_21 is relatively convex or formula_21-convex if every line segment contained in formula_21 that connects two points of formula_1 lies within formula_1.
The relative convex hull of a simple polygon formula_1 within formula_21 can be defined as the intersection of all formula_21-convex polygons that contain formula_1, as the smallest formula_21-convex polygon that contains formula_1, or as the minimum-perimeter simple polygon that contains formula_1 and is contained by formula_21.
This type of hull can be used in algorithms for testing whether the two polygons can be separated into disjoint halfplanes by a continuous linear motion, and in data structures for collision detection of moving polygons.
The definition of relative convex hulls based on minimum enclosure does not extend to higher dimensions, because (even without being surrounded by an outer shape) the minimum surface area enclosure of a non-convex set is not generally convex.
However, for the relative convex hull of a connected set within another set, a similar definition to one for simple polygons can be used.
In this case, a relatively convex set can again be defined as a subset of the given outer set that contains all line segments in the outer set between pairs of its points.
Hanna Huttunen (born 14 April 1969 in Outokumpu) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
The dam was built by the Ford Motor Company in 1924 for hydroelectricity for the nearby Ford Motor Company Lamp Factory, which remained in operation until 1950.
The much smaller Huroc Dam is located about 900 feet (274 m) downstream, and the river remains unobstructed after that point.
When the dam was completed, the resulting flooding created a 188-acre (76 ha) pond; the reservoir has no official name but is generally referred to as the Flat Rock Pond.
Other fish within the Huron River at this point include northern pike, walleye, large and smallmouth bass, silver bass, channel catfish, bluegill, sunfish and black crappie.
While the Flat Rock Pond is mostly inaccessible due to private land ownership, the area immediately south of the dam has been organized into a public park known as Huroc Park (sometimes spelled Hurock Park) on an artificially created island within the Huron River.
A pedestrian bridge leads to the island and crosses the very small Huroc Dam, which is sometimes erroneously referred to as the Flat Rock Dam.
McCune Run drains of area, receives about 43.7 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 409.28, and has an average water temperature of 8.25°C.
Theater in the Round Players (TRP) is a community theatre performing on the West Bank of the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis.
Since 1969 it has performed in its own (purchased in the late 1988) 287-seat arena stage in with the audience surrounds the stage.
TRP continues its work of supporting the theatre community today, in ongoing partnerships with the University of Minnesota Theater and others, providing a training ground for theater professionals in training.
Seven founding members of Theatre in the Round Players (TRP) decided to continue to work together, when their previous theater - the Circle Theater - closed in 1951.
They moved in 1961 and then in 1963, to a more stable location on Stevens Avenue, where the Minneapolis Convention Center is now located.
In 1969 they moved in to their current location on the West Bank, rebuilding and renovating it to meet their needs.
Their presence on the West Bank, along with Mixed Blood Theatre, Dudley Riggs, and other smaller groups working at the Southern Theater and other spaces, helped re-invigorate the West Bank as an theater-entertainment destination.
During the experimental days of the 1960's, their collaboration with the University of Minnesota Theatre began with the University of Minnesota’s Office of Advanced Drama Research.
The Minnesota State Arts Board also provided a grant in the late 1960's for TRP to tour Minnesota to help communities develop their own theater groups.
Over time, that evolved into the work of the play-selection committee, composed of members of its board of directors as well as the theater community.
TRP focuses on supporting not only those new directors, but new actors and new audience members as well - to build up the theater community.
Charles Nolte, stage and screen actor who earned his doctorate at the U in 1966 and taught there through the 1960's, also directed more than a dozen TRP productions.
TRP also provided classes to preschool and elementary age children, in conjunction with the University of Minnesota Continuing Education in the Arts.
Theater in the Round Players has followed a path supported by the classics, allowing for careful additions of new works - both american and international.
Brachyscome ascendens, commonly known as border ranges daisy, is a perennial herb in the family Asteraceae and is endemic to Australia.
The leaves grow from the base and along the stems, usually lance-shaped, broader at the apex, long, wide and leaf edges usually lobed or toothed.
The 12-18 overlapping flower bracts are in diameter, elliptic or egg-shaped, rounded at the tip, long, wide with prominent dry and thin edges.
Border ranges daisy grows in forests or woodland on rocky basalt slopes from the McPherson Range area and to the east near the New South Wales and Queensland border.
Founded in 1929, it was the largest and oldest production facility in St. Louis, used to shoot feature films and television commercials.
It contained a recording studio where Ike & Tina Turner cut their first track in 1960, and Chuck Berry recorded there in the 1960s and 1970s.
When Lassiter didn't show up for the session, Turner recorded the song with his backup vocalist Little Ann who he later renamed Tina Turner thus beginning created the Ike & Tina Turner.
After leaving Chess Records, rock and roll musician Chuck Berry recorded his sides for Mercury Records at Technisonic Studios in 1966.
His family did not support his ambition to become an artist and he dropped out of school in the 10th grade to support himself and learn his craft on his own.
Milestone now focuses on naturalistic themes with subjects including powerful women and circus performers often set in mystic backgrounds inspired by dreams, emotions and imagination.
According to the Winston-Salem Journal, Milestone has spent the last two decades refining his painting with more ambitious, poetic subjects The paintings are a story that viewer gets to finish on their own, never completed until the painting goes out into the world and finds a new home.
Milestone has had twenty four exhibitions locally, regionally, nationally and internationally including several museums and a feature in The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Folk Art.
On the sides of Tai Tau Chau and Shek O Headland were Island Bay and Shek O Wan (Rocky Bay) respectively.
Shek O Headland and Tai Tau Chau are evidently as one rock formation, but was separated due to erosion, forming the tombolo between the headland and the island.
It was reported that, as of 15 October 1979, 16 illegal immigrants from that boat were missing, which a few swam to Shek O beach and trying to sneak to the city centre.
On 14 October 1979, another boat was discovered near the island, but the illegal immigrants escaped before the arrival of the police.
At that time Hong Kong had a policy that once the illegal immigrants had reached the city centre without being caught, they can apply for Hong Kong identity cards.
The island was used to be connected to Shek O Headland by a footbridge, as well as a gravelbar that would be covered by water during high tides.
Along the bridge deck, a waste water pipe was installed to transport waste water from Shek O Preliminary Treatment Works to the island and then release to the Tathong Channel.
Sharon Wright Austin (née Sharon D. Wright) is an American political scientist, currently a professor of political science at the University of Florida, where she was also a longtime Director of the African-American Studies Program.
Austin is a prominent scholar of American politics with specialties in African-American studies, political participation, and both urban and rural local politics.
She then completed a master's degree in political science with a minor in education at the University of Memphis in 1989, followed in 1993 by a PhD in political science with a focus on American Government from the University of Tennessee.
Although Austin was interested in African-American political participation and minority politics in the United States, she was sometimes discouraged from pursuing these topics early in her career because of the perception that they were not valued by the editors and reviewers at top political science journals.
Austin is a leading scholar of the political behavior of African-American women, the elections of African-Americans to local offices, and the political behavior of minority groups in American politics, particularly activism among African-Americans in rural areas.
After receiving her PhD from the University of Tennessee in 1993, Austin became a professor of Pan-African studies at the University of Louisville.
In 2001 she moved to the University of Michigan for one year, before becoming a professor at the University of Florida in 2001.
When Austin became Director in 2012, the University of Florida began offering a major in African-American Studies, and under her tenure the program grew to the point that the University of Florida had the most students majoring in African-American Studies of any program in the United States.
The book studied the features, successes, and limitations of African-American electoral politics in Memphis from the 1870s to the 1990s, in the context of unremitting white supremacy and powerful White electoral coalitions.
This finding is counterintuitive, because on the surface the rate of electoral success of African-Americans there appeared to skyrocket: there were 57 African-American elected officials in Mississippi in 1970, and 897 in 2000.
The book arrived at this finding through a combination of historical and sociological methods, personal interviews, and statistical analysis on extensive data.
Austin tested the extent to which the political behaviour of Black immigrants would differ from or resemble the distinctive contemporary and historical features of African-American politics, since the phenomenon of Black immigrants arriving to the United States from several different countries simultaneously is relatively recent, and recent immigrants may not have been present for various formative events in African-American political history.
The book documents how the construction of a racial consciousness and the incorporation of immigrants into an existing political group identity can function as important mechanisms for engaging minority groups in political processes.
Austin is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
According to contemporaneous reporters, Elsie began acting at the age of 5 before going to drama school and honing her craft.
Malcolm has become one of Goldblum's most iconic and fan favourite characters, and has been depicted in many forms of popular culture.
In Crichton's novel, Dr. Ian Malcolm, along with paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant and paleobotanist Dr. Ellie Sattler are hired as consultants by InGen CEO John Hammond to give their opinions on Jurassic Park, a theme park on the remote island of Isla Nublar that features genetically recreated dinosaurs.
During the tour of the park, disgruntled computer programmer Dennis Nedry shuts down power to the park to gain access to dinosaur embryos to sell to a rival.
Malcolm is found by employee Robert Muldoon and lawyer Donald Gennaro and taken back to one of the lodges to be looked after by park veterinarian Dr. Harding.
Harding administers morphine to Malcolm, who spends the rest of the incident ranting about science and philosophy while attempting to assist the other survivors.
His condition continues to worsen, and by the time the Costa Rica Air Force arrives to Isla Nublar, Malcolm is said to have died from his injuries.
Malcolm is upgraded to the main protagonist of the sequel, which begins with him giving a lecture on extinction and chaos theory.
In the novel, Malcolm states that he only ever wears black so he does not have to put much thought towards what he wears.
Director James Cameron had originally wanted to direct the adaptation of the novel, and has stated that he would have wanted Bill Paxton to play the role of Malcolm.
The character also reinvigorated an interest in chaos theory, due to a scene where Malcolm flirts with Ellie Sattler while discussing it.
Goldblum has observed that many fans have gotten tattoos of the character, in particular a scene from the first movie where Goldblum appears shirtless has been the subject of many tattoos and Internet memes.
Goldblum's pose in that scene was also recreated as a Funko toy figure, as well as receving a statue in Potters Fields Park in London.
She is also known as Jacquie Kent, the name she used when writing young adult fiction in the 1990s and sometimes writes as Frances Cook.
Kent was born in Sydney in 1947 and later moved to Adelaide, returning to Sydney to a position with the Australian Broadcasting Commission following graduation with an Arts degree.
Matt Kaskey (born March 17, 1997) is an American football offensive tackle for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).
He played college football at Dartmouth and was signed by the Los Angeles Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2019.
In 2014, New Trier reached the Class 8A state playoffs with an 8–1 record; Kaskey led the team as a captain and was named to the All-Chicagoland, all-conference, and all-area first teams at the conclusion of the season.
In Kaskey's sophomore season, he started eight games and was named a All-Ivy honorable mention for his work at left tackle, where he would play for the rest of his collegiate career.
He was also chosen as the recipient of the team's Jake Crouthamel Award, which is awarded to the underclassman who contributes the most to the success of the team.
In his senior season, in which he was named a captain, Kaskey started in all ten of the Big Green's games, leading an offensive line unit that allowed just seven sacks and powered a rushing attack which averaged 254 yards a game.
Jayne Aylward (Born August 28, 1956) is an American politician who served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative from the 74th District in Saline County, Kansas from 1979 to 1991.
In 2012 she joined the steering committee of Republicans for Kansas Values, a group of moderate Republicans opposed to the tax cuts enacted by Gov.
Nicholas P. Clark (born 23 May 1975) is a former Australian professional cyclist, current Level 1 USAC licensed coach, and an entrepreneur.
Racing and competing from the age of 13, he was active as a professional racer from 1994 till 20005 when he retired to become a full-time coach and businessman.
Clark began his professional cycling career in 1990's as a domestique and spring classics and monuments rider, for Team Spenco, a Belgian elite development team and later moved on to race and work with several major teams over two decades.
He began racing at the age of 13, however, he did not become a professional racer until he was picked by the Belgian team Spenco in early 1990's.
While professionally racing, he completed his undergraduate degree studies in Economics and Law from University of Sydney, and later went on to acquire his second bachelor's degree in Psychology from Colorado Technical University in 2019.
Clark has also acquired other credentials and certifications including an accredited fitter with the IBFI (International Bike Fitting Institute), a Certified Fitness Trainer, Specialist in Fitness Nutrition and Corrective Exercise Specialist with the International Sports Sciences Association, a Certified School Cycling Instructor with Youth Education Sports, and a USAC and Training Peaks accredited coach additionally.
His earliest accomplishment was achieving the 3rd position in the 1993 UCI Road World Cup – Junior Men's Road Race held on Oslo, Norway.
Clark found his place at pro-continental teams primarily based in Italy, eventually returning to Australia in 2005 to begin riding in the UCI Asia Tour.
Thaddeus Moss (born May 14, 1998) is an American football tight end for the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Moss initially attended Boone County High School in Florence, Kentucky, where he caught 12 passes for 157 yards on offense and had 32 tackles on defense, and transferred to St. Albans School in Charleston, West Virginia midway through his freshman year.
He attended Lincoln High School in Rhode Island for his sophomore year before moving to Charlotte, North Carolina as a junior.
After sitting out the 2017 season due to NCAA transfer rules, Moss also missed the 2018 season due to a foot injury and used a medical redshirt.
As a redshirt junior, Moss finished the season with 38 receptions with 570 receiving yards, both school records for tight ends, and four touchdowns.
Moss caught four passes for 99 yards and scored a touchdown on a 62-yard reception against Oklahoma in the 2019 Peach Bowl.
On January 17, 2020, less than an hour after leaving the White House for the team's ceremonial visit, Moss declared for the 2020 NFL Draft.
Beatrice Jacquart (1911 - November 29, 1990) was an American politician who served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from 1957 to 1966 as the representative of the 121st District in Haskell County, Kansas.
The 2008–09 Bangalore Super Division was the fourth season of the Bangalore Super Division, the third tier of the Indian football system and the top tier of the Karnataka football system.
The heads are equipped with a pump-action lever, that can be used to pump sewage into the black water treatment tanks held aboard or into the ocean water.
Above decks was the wheelhouse mounted on the forward cabin's coaming; aft of that, the exposed breezeway; and, mounted on the after cabin's coaming, a Zodiac launch as well as a food locker and barbeque.
In 1954 she was built for the RCN as YFM 306 (Yard Ferry, Man) and served as a harbour ferry boat.
Woodward's 43, also known as W43 or the W Building, is a tall mixed-use skyscraper located in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Since the bankruptcy of Woodward's in 1993 the original Woodward's Building remained vacant except for a housing occupation in 2002 that initiated the redevelopment process.
In 2003, the City of Vancouver, led by City Council member Jim Green, purchased the original Woodward's Building from the province for $5 million, and began a public consultation process, asking the community what they wanted from the redevelopment.
After a two-stage competition between three developers in September 2004, the city selected Westbank Projects/Peterson Investment Group to develop the project together with architecture firm of Henriquez Partners lead by Gregory Henriquez and structural engineers Glotman Simpson Consulting Engineers.
Redevelopment was seen by many as a key to revitalizing the Downtown Eastside, but the demolition of the structure in 2006 and redevelopment of the site has been met with much local resistance from the existing residents of the neighborhood.
The oldest part of the complex (built 1903–1908) was restored, and serves as a non-profit office and community space (31,500 sf), with tenants including W2 Community Media Arts.
The development permit for construction was issued on January 26, 2007, and while substantial completion was scheduled for June 2010, delays pushed that completion date back to September 2010.
In 2008 the Vancouver artist Stan Douglas completed a 30' by 50' image on glass depicting the Gastown Riots of 1971.
The over-sized photograph, together with a basketball hoop, has become the central focus within the atrium of the new Woodward's Redevelopment.
The redevelopment of the Woodward's site had the side-effect of displacing some of Vancouver's sex worker population; however, prostitutes remain in the Downtown Eastside area.
Smeltertown was a residential community housing the workers of the ASARCO smelter, and their families, near El Paso, Texas, between El Paso and the Texas borders with Mexico and New Mexico.
With only one small neighborhood, now known as the La Calavera Historical Neighborhood, remaining since the Smelter's closure, Smeltertown is sometimes referred to as a ghost town.
The Smeltertown community was served by the San Jose church, and by the Jones School of the El Paso Independent School District.
He was plant superintendent of California China Products, a co-founder of California Clay Products (CalCo), and plant manager of Malibu Potteries.
He was married to Mary E. Leary and had three sons and one daughter, including ceramicist Bradley Burr Keeler, who founded Brad Keeler Artwares and who came to be president of the California Art Potters Association and director of the California Gift and Art Association.
He spent a year camping in the garage, the home's first completed portion, while overseeing the rest of the home's construction and performing manual labor on it himself, as well.
Keeler was friends with Ernest A. Batchelder, a prominent early California ceramicist of the Arts and Crafts movement out of Pasadena, California.
Keeler worked for various clay products companies in California such as Carnegie Brick & Pottery in Carnegie, San Joaquin County, California, Gladding McBean in Lincoln, California, and California China Products in National City, California, the latter at which he worked as plant superintendent, before starting his own business in 1917, handcrafting tiles for fireplace surrounds.
CalCo produced tile for fireplace surrounds, wall inserts, framed tile wall hangings, wainscoting, step risers, floors, countertops, fountains, and countless iterations therein.
Motifs included the flamingos, cherubs, peacocks, and Mayan and Moresque designs.The company's tile was installed in many private as well as public structures, one such being Jardin El Encanto, a 1927 real estate office in Monterey Park, California that in the modern era is the Greater Monterey Park Chamber of Commerce.
There, he oversaw a staff of 125 employees including his former CalCo employee, Lillian Ball, who became a Malibu Potteries tile glazer, then his personal assistant and secretary; tile designers William Handley, Inez Garnet Johnson Von Hake, and Donald Prouty; clayman and presser Glen Dawson, secretary Dorothy Prouty, and others.
The factory produced 30,000 square feet of tile monthly, tile that met the demand of the 1920s real estate boom of Mission Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Moorish Revival, and Mayan Revival homes and public buildings.
Malibu tile made its way into the Roosevelt Hotel, Los Angeles City Hall, the Geffen Playhouse (then the Masonic Affiliates Club), the Mayan Theater, Dana Junior High School in San Pedro, the Adamson House, and countless private homes.
Malibu Potteries ceased to be in 1932 due to the intersection of a major kiln fire which destroyed the entirety of the factory, the Great Depression, and its owner, May Rindge's debt.
He had forgotten to turn on the exhaust fan in the lab and, incidentally, someone had carelessly left a beaker of uncorked cyanide on a nearby workbench, its odorless vapors already extant in the room.
His wife, Mary, continued to live in the home Keeler had built for the family in South Gate, remaining in residence there until 1983, when her son, Philip, had to move her to a nursing home in Orange County, California.
Through a series of fortunate events, a man named Brian Kaiser was able to purchase the home and has since become an expert on Rufus Keeler, his tile-making, and Southern California tile companies of the early 20th century, lecturing on the topic and acting as a consultant for tile preservation projects.
Meanwhile, Keeler's products remain extant throughout Southern California and beyond, public examples of which are the aforementioned Roosevelt Hotel, Los Angeles City Hall, Geffen Playhouse, Mayan Theater, Dana Junior High School in San Pedro, and Adamson House in Malibu as well as the Watts Towers in Watts, California and Serra Retreat in Malibu.
This is a list of electoral district results for the 1947 general election for the Northern Territory Legislative Council in Australia.
Thereafter she was renamed Pei King (also as Pekin, ), and became part of the Lay-Osborn Flotilla commanded by Sherard Osborn.
She was originally intended for sale, but an embargo on sales, due to the concurrent American Civil War and fear of the vessel joining the Confederate States Navy, prevented any sales.
The cave is within the Salt River Canyon Wilderness and is located on the northern wall of the Salt River Canyon near the Horse Mesa Dam.
A short distance from Canyon Lake, Skeleton Cave, also known as Apache Cave and Skull Cave, is a rock shelter formed by the overhang in the cliff wall.
This was the first principal engagement during the 1872 Tonto Basin Campaign and part of the 1871 to 1875 Yavapai War.
The remains of the slain Yavapais were still in the cave along with remnants of their belongings, and this is how the cave acquired its name.
A native of Vermont, Stone was admitted to the bar in 1848 in Franklin County, Vermont, having read law in St. Albans with Judge Homer E. Royce.
There, he married Vermont native Cyrena Bailey (1830-1868) in 1850 and moved to Atlanta where he and his wife were successful both financially and socially, despite being northerners.
He had difficulty passing through confederate lines but made it to New York only to learn all his possessions had been burned.
The Colorado Central Railroad, because of the poor economy at the time, fell behind on the interest payments it owed on the rolling stock it had purchased from railroad magnate and financier Jay Gould.
Gould wanted to take over the railroad, so he planned to petition the court to place the railroad in receivership, with David Moffat as the receiver.
In August 1876, to prevent the railroad from going into receivership, a group of men with direct and indirect interests in the railroad decided to kidnap the judge to prevent him from appointing a receiver for the railroad.
The judge was Amherst W. Stone, and the court was a circuit court that met only once every three or four months.
The kidnappers stopped the train he was riding from Denver to court in Boulder, removing the judge from the train at gunpoint.
The National Guard was sent out from Denver, but by then the court clerk had closed the court because of the judge's absence, so the kidnappers brought Judge Stone back to Denver and released him.
A grand jury was convened and met twice, but the kidnapped judge was only able to identify one man, and he had skipped town, so the grand jury never issued any indictments.
The scheme worked, as the railroad was then able to secure funding to pay its debts, so it was saved from bankruptcy.
There, he was appointed county judge of Lake County, Colorado in April 1900 to fill a vacancy created by the previous judge's death.
During the Civil War, he volunteered for the 49th New York Volunteer Infantry, serving from August 1, 1861 to October 18, 1864 and rising to the rank of Major.
He worked as an assistant United States attorney in the Northern District of New York before he relocated to Colorado and began a private law practice in Denver.
On February 24, 1875 President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him associate justice of the territorial Colorado Supreme Court, a position he held until 1876 when the first state supreme court justices were elected and sworn in following Colorado's admission to the Union.
Benjamin Franklin Hall (July 23, 1814—Sept 6, 1891) was a lawyer, politician, and judge from New York State who served as the first chief justice of the supreme court of Colorado Territory.
He initially worked as a teacher, then he began to study law privately, first with help from a judge and then in the law firm of Seward, Porter, and Beardsley in Auburn, New York, a firm where he became a partner in 1837.
He was elected assemblyman in the 67th New York State Legislature, which met from January 2 to May 7, 1844, representing Cayuga County.
Charles Frederick Holly (September 4, 1819—September 7, 1901) was an associate justice of the Colorado Territorial Supreme Court from June 10, 1865 to July 19, 1866.
In 1842, he moved to Missouri, practiced law there and served as a probate court judge, and then moved to the Territory of Nebraska in the 1850s and practiced law from 1857 to 1860.
He moved to Colorado in 1860 and was elected to Colorado's first territorial legislature, serving as the first speaker of the House of Representatives of Colorado Territory.
Holly's wife, Carrie C. Holly, and two other women were the first women elected to a state legislature in the United States.
Hayt served as a district attorney of Conejos County, Colorado, for a time, where he successfully prosecuted the case of a notorious stagecoach robbery in 1881.
When Colorado Territory was first organized in 1861, President Lincoln appointed three men to organize and serve on the new Colorado Supreme Court.
The territory was divided into three judicial districts, one headquartered in Denver, one in Central City, Colorado, and one in Cañon City.
He didn't travel to his post in Central City from Denver until 1862 and immediately proved unpopular there, with citizens petitioning the government for his removal.
Eventually, the territorial legislature solved the Armour problem by creating a new, small, and remote judicial district and assigning him to it.
He never traveled there, preferring instead to sit out the war in Denver or Central City and draw his salary until his term ended in 1865, when he returned to Maryland.
He was appointed register of voters in Leitersburg but refused to register anyone who would not vote with the Radical Republicans.
Armour died following a sudden stroke in October 1903, and is buried in Saint Paul's Lutheran Church Cemetery in Leitersburg, Maryland.
Christian Schlagle Eyster (May 19, 1814–November 6, 1886) was an associate justice of the Colorado Territorial Supreme Court from August 11, 1866 to March 2, 1871.
He was appointed by President Andrew Johnson in 1866, but because congress was not in session at the time of his appointment, the senate confirmed his appointment and he received his official commission on March 2, 1867.
From 1875–1877, Eyster served as district attorney for a large part of northeastern Colorado, including Denver (then in Arapahoe County) and Weld County.
He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and practiced law in Rock Island, Illinois until he joined the United States Army as a first lieutenant and served during the Civil War.
In 1871, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Wells associate justice of the territorial supreme court to fill out the term of Christian S. Eyster, who had resigned, and he served for four years until 1875.
Long after serving as a State Supreme Court Justice, Wells served for eleven years (1909-1920) as the Reporter of the Supreme Court.
Upon graduating, he traveled to Colorado that same year, and, at 24-years old, he went to Pueblo and established a law practice there.
In 1876 he was elected as a Republican to the Colorado Supreme Court and immediately became the state's first chief justice.
To create staggered terms for the state's first Supreme Court, one of the newly-elected justices was to have a term of three years, the others having longer terms.
However, the law stipulated that the person who drew the lot for the shorter term would become Chief Justice, and Thatcher drew the shorter straw.
He served as a Colorado state representative, a Colorado state senator, and as an associate justice and chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court.
He taught school for a while and then earned an LL B. degree from the University of Iowa in 1874 and moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he was admitted to the bar in 1875.
He was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1877 and to the State Senate in 1879, representing El Paso County in both offices.
Helm died May 13, 1915 and is buried in Denver's Fairmount Cemetery, where he was interred following public funeral services in Denver.
While serving as the Seventh District Court Judge in Lake City, Gerry presided over the trial of accused cannibal Alferd Packer.
On September 13, 1888 Gerry was appointed by the governor to fill the Supreme Court vacancy created by the resignation of Samuel Hitt Elbert.
In 1900, Gerry ran for the office of Judge of the Seventh Judicial District — the judgeship he held before serving on the State Supreme Court — but he lost the election.
Victor Alanson Elliott (July 23, 1839–February 5, 1899) was an Associate Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 1888 to 1895.
Following Colorado's admission to the Union in 1876, he was elected to serve as the first judge of Colorado's Second Judicial District.
He was re-elected to the office in 1882, serving for almost twelve years before being elected associate justice of the supreme court.
Elliott was elected to the Supreme Court in fall 1888 and served as an associate justice from December 4, 1888 to January 1895.
After moving to Colorado, he held various appointed and elected positions, including serving as county attorney of Morgan County, Colorado for six years.
Hill died in Los Angeles County, California on March 9, 1932 and is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale.
It appears that Gale was examined and found to possess the qualifications required for admission to the bar in New York in September 1849.
He was again a candidate for County Judge in 1859, and in 1862, and in January 1865 was appointed a Commissioner of Deeds.
In June 1865, Gale and Charles F. Holly were jointly appointed to the Colorado Territorial Supreme Court by President Andrew Johnson, and subsequently confirmed by the United States Senate.
William Richard Gorsline (January 28, 1824 – March 30, 1879) was an associate justice of the Colorado Territorial Supreme Court from 1866 to 1870.
In 1845, he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and continued studying law with Frank Randall and was admitted to the bar later that year.
Then from about 1851 to July 1858, he served as the third judge of the fourth judicial circuit of the state of Wisconsin.
On June 18, 1866, President Johnson appointed him to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Colorado.
Francis A. Pallotti (August 21, 1886 – December 21, 1946) was an American politician who served as the Secretary of the State of Connecticut from 1923 to 1929 and as the Attorney General of Connecticut from 1939 to 1945.
Bartholomew F. Sullivan (1879 – February 24, 1968) was an American football and track and field coach and a marathon runner.
He served as the head track coach at The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts from 1912 to 1964.
Those in West Lothian found themselves with little option but to apply for this 'rebel' setup, which retained the Midlothian name until its suspension during World War II.
Despite the true footballing strength of the area never being fully recognised due to the enduring split between the Juniors and the EoSFL, the Edinburgh league was considered sufficiently strong to form one of six 'regions' across Scotland in a re-organisation of Junior football in 1968, requiring little adjustment to its operations (the West/East divisions remained until 1973).
The period following the change was successful for the territory in terms of East member clubs reaching the Scottish Junior Cup final, achieving this 9 times (3 wins) in 15 years, compared with 15 appearances (8 wins) in the previous 42 years.
However, the small-town teams in the region had generally declined with the closure of local heavy industry, and the surviving clubs looked to boost their income by playing more matches against the leading teams in other areas.
In 2002 the new East Region Superleague was created in the east of the country in combination with the Fife League and the Tayside League.
The pattern of local appearances in the Scottish Cup final continued at a similar rate, with 3 of 8 finalists lifting the trophy over a 12-year period.
He served as the head football coach at his alma mater, Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana, from 1934 to 1956, compiling a record of 99–91–2.
It deals with the Ottoman Empire and Mehmed the Conqueror and tells the story of the Fall of Constantinople from the Turkish perspective as part of the wider spread of Islam across Asia Minor and into South East Europe.
Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II wages an epic campaign to take the Eastern Roman capital of Constantinople and shapes the course of history for centuries.
He built a broad repertoire of both serious and comic roles, and quickly became one of the pillars of the ensemble.
He also took part in numerous premieres and first performances, in works by Walter Braunfels, Paul Hindemith, Ture Rangström, Max von Schillings and Siegfried Wagner.
He only left Stuttgart for guest performances, which took him to the Bayerische Hofoper in Munich and the Großherzogliches Hoftheater in Karlsruhe, among others.
The couple had at least one son, Walter Fritz (born in 1915), who later also pursued a career as an opera singer.
However, unlike his Jewish colleagues Hermann Horner and Hermann Wilhelm Weil, who were also dismissed, he was given the right to a farewell performance.
Since the family could not survive with the meagre pension, Fritz had to work from then on as an assistant for a Stuttgart coal merchant and in a Bielefeld company.
In the 1945/46 season Fritz was brought back to the Stuttgart opera, but only with a guest performance contract for ten evenings.
His work in Stuttgart was shown in the exhibition (Silenced voices), about the expulsion of Jewish performers from 1933 to 1945, which was also shown at the Stuttgart State Opera in autumn 2008.
On 7 April 2016, another memorial session for the victims of the Nazi regime was held among the members of the Stuttgart State Theatres.
Ward Franz (born June 3, 1963) is an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives from the 151st district from 2005 to 2013.
Naseem Hamed vs. César Soto was a professional boxing match contested on October 22, 1999 for the WBC, WBO and Lineal featherweight championships.
In August 1999, it was announced that WBO and lineal featherweight champion Naseem Hamed and WBC featherweight champion César Soto would meet in a unification bout on October 22 of that year.
Hamed was making his 13th defense of his title, while Soto was making his first, having defeated Luisito Espinosa for the tile earlier in the year on May 15th.
Prior to agreeing to face Soto, Hamed had himself originally hoped to face Espinosa, who prior to losing to Soto, had reigned as WBC featherweight champion for over three years.
One day prior to the fight, controversy erupted at the official weigh-in as Soto weighed 13 ounces over the 126 pound featherweight limit on a digital scale provided by Hamed and his brothers.
Soto protested this and insisted he be allowed to use his own old-fashioned mechanical scale that he had been using during his training camp to monitor his weight, at which he was able to make the 126 pound requirement.
The Michigan State Athletic Commission approved the use of two scales, though Hamed was angered by this, feeling that Soto had not made weight and was taking liberties.
His entrance consisted of him coming down a runway, pyrotechnics and him getting on a microphone and hyping up the crowd.
Hamed and Soto spent a large portion of the fight engaged in clinching, with Soto often illegally hitting Hamed during the break, for which referee Dale Grable constantly intervened and warned both fighters.
The following round then saw Hamed body-slam Soto after Soto landed on Hamed's back following a slip by Hamed after-which Hamed was again deducted a point.
Hamed, however, controlled most of the fights later rounds and won comfortably on all three judges' score cards, winning by scores of 116–108, 115–110 and 114–110.
The victory gave Hamed both the WBO and WBC featherweight champions, and though he expressed his desire to keep both titles, at the time, the WBC did not recognize the WBO as a major sanctioning body and refused to let Hamed keep both belts.
WBC president José Sulaimán announced in December 1999 that a vote would be held to strip Hamed of the WBC championship.
In January 2000, Hamed was officially stripped of the WBC featherweight championship, becoming the second time Hamed was stripped of a major world title, the first being the IBF featherweight championship in 1997.
Jake Lynch, PhD, (born 1965) is a journalist, academic and writer, and a scholarly authority within the fields of peace journalism and peace research.
Lynch attended Cardiff University, where he completed a BA degree in English (First Class Honours) in 1988 and a Postgraduate Diploma in Journalism Studies (Distinction) with Cardiff University in 1989.
More recently, he has worked in academia, and currently holds the position of Associate Professor within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Sydney.
He was formerly Director of the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies at Sydney University, and is now Chair of the Department of Peace and Conflict Studies at the university.
Lynch has also previously served as Secretary-General of the International Peace Research Association, and has held visiting fellowships with the universities of Cardiff, Bristol and Johannesburg.
Lynch has been active in human rights campaigns, in the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign, and in campaigns for Palestinian rights.
In 2013, Shurat HaDin, an Israeli NGO, commenced legal action in the Federal Court of Australia against Lynch, alleging a breach of Australia's anti-racism laws over Lynch's active support for the BDS campaign.
The 2008–09 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns women's basketball team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette during the 2008–09 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Ragin' Cajuns were led by second-year head coach Errol Rogers; they played their double-header home games at the Cajundome with other games at the Earl K. Long Gymnasium, which is located on campus.
The Ragin' Cajuns finished the 2007–08 season 8–22, 4–14 in Sun Belt play to finish in dead-last (seventh place) in the West Division.
They made it to the 2007 Sun Belt Conference Women's Basketball Tournament, losing in the first round game by a low score of 40-49 to the South Alabama Jaguars.
Kaja is regarded as a Polish feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Karolina, a derivative of Karl .
Kája is a Czech unisex given name that is a diminutive form of Karolína, Karla and Karel, also derivatives of Karl.
Kaja is a Slovene feminine given name that is a short form of Kajetana, Karla and Katarina, names deriving from Caietanus, Karl and Aikaterine, respectively.
It is also a Danish, Finnish, German, Norwegian and Swedish feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Katherina, Karen and Katrine as well as an alternate form of Kaia, all derived from Aikaterine.
Sant’Antonio da Padova () is a small Roman Catholic church, located at Piazza Sant'Antonio just outside what where the medieval walls of the town of Contigliano, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The 2019-20 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season was the 71st season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
In 1974, Mexico took a neutral stance during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, however, Mexico concurs with the resolutions issued by the United Nations Security Council that the basis for a fair and balanced solution to the Cyprus problem and has insisted on the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus.
In September 1990, Cypriot Foreign Minister, Georgios Iacovou, paid a visit to Mexico and met with his Mexican counterpart Fernando Solana.
During the visit, Secretary Solana condemned the occupation of part of the territory of Cyprus by foreign troops and hoped a solution would be found within the United Nations.
In June 1997, a Mexican congressional delegation, led by Congressional Deputy Juan José Osorio Palacios; paid a visit to Cyprus to enhance bilateral relations between both nations.
That same month, Cypriot President Tassos Papadopoulos and Foreign Minister Georgios Iacovou attended the Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union Summit in Guadalajara, Mexico.
In November 2009, the Cypriot Government donated to the Museo Nacional de las Culturas more than 100 ethnographic and historical pieces from Cyprus, as well as books and CDs that account for the culture of that country.
Both nations have signed a few bilateral agreements such as an Agreement for Cultural, Educational and Scientific Cooperation (1994); Agreement for Touristic Cooperation (1996); Visa Waiver Agreement for Diplomatic and Service Passports (1996); and a Memorandum of Understanding for Mutual Interest Consultations (2000).
Cyprus' main exports to Mexico include: processors; alloy steel products and laminates; wire working machines; filters for lubricants in engines; and optical spectrometers and spectrographs.
Ping Shan (Chinese: 平山) is a hill in Kwun Tong District, eastern Kowloon that lies between the communities of Ngau Chi Wan, Kowloon Bay and Jordan Valley, Hong Kong.
Most of it was the Ping Shan Stone Quarry before redevelopedment into a new neighbourhood with numerous public housing estates and schools.
Except this northwestern section, most of Ping Shan was excavated as the Ping Shan Stone Quarry until 1975 when an MTR tunnel between Choi Hung Station and Kowloon Bay Station was built.
San Lorenzo in Quintiliano () is a small Romanesque-style, Roman Catholic church, located on a hilltop just outside the town of Contigliano, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The stone church was built by the Cistercian order in the 12th century, at the site of a prior Ancient Roman Villa.
Presently without a roof, restoration of the site began in 2014, replacing the altar and baptismal font to their original position.
The festival has become a constellation of shows: a central exhibition curated by that year's artistic director, national pavilions hosted by individual nations, and independent exhibitions throughout Venice.
Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well.
Cemitério da Paz (Peace Cemetery) is a necropolis located at Rua Dr. Luiz Migliano, 644 - Jardim Vazani, São Paulo City, Brazil.
The space was created due to the death of the German jurist and professor at Largo San Francisco Law School, Julius Frank, on June 19, 1841.
existing at the time, and was buried in the courtyard of the Faculty of Law of São Paulo, and thus was created the Protestant Cemetery Association, which is the manager of the Peace Cemetery and other ecumenical cemeteries.
San Michele Arcangelo () is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located on Via Cavour in the town of Contigliano, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The present church was begun in 1683, dedicated to St Michael Archangel, and replacing an older church of the same name.
The 2021 San Antonio mayoral election is scheduled to be held on May 1, 2021 to decide the mayor of San Antonio, Texas.
She competed for Team USA at the 1968 Summer Olympics, 1970 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and various Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship.
As a member of the team, McLachlin was elected a United States Volleyball Association All-American twice as she guided them to two Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) National Championships.
While enrolled in University, McLachlin participated in the 1970 World Games, 1973 World University Games, and was named captain of Team USA in 1976.
She was also a member of Team USAs 1968 Olympic Women's Volleyball Team as an alternate and was named United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) Rookie of the Year.
GeneMatcher is an online service and database that aims to match clinicians studying patients with a rare disease presentation based on genes of interest.
When two or more clinicians submit the same gene to the database, the service matches them together to allow them to compare cases.
The website was launched in September 2013 by a team from a government-funded collaborative project between Johns Hopkins Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine in the United States.
The service has aided geneticists in making several discoveries, including establishing the genetic causes of a form of autism spectrum disorder, syndromes of microcephaly with hearing loss, a mitochondrial disease and Au–Kline syndrome.
The team are part of a collaborative effort between Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland and Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, United States called the Baylor–Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics (BHCMG), one of three such Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMGs) established and funded by the American National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in 2011.
If an identical gene has already been posted by another user, the match is made immediately and both users receive an email with the contact details of the other user.
The service also encourages those working with animal models to submit their gene candidates and provides an option to specify the submission by model organism.
, roughly 14% of the genes were related to animal models, and the BHCMG itself had submitted at least 180 of the genes and generated 69 matches, 16 of which were also a phenotype match.
Aeronautical Development Establishment, often abbreviated as ADE, is an Indian football club based in Bangalore, Karnataka, that competes in the Bangalore Super Division, which is a third tier league in India's football system.
ADE first played professional football in 1982 when it competed in the Bangalore 'C' Division, then the third tier of Bangalore's football league football system.
They first played in the Super Division in 2000 and won the league for the first time in the 2013–14 season.
After graduation, he moved to Universal City, California for a summer internship through Temple University at the Oakwoods apartments prior to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike and at the beginning of the Great Recession.
His first job in Los Angeles was at the now defunct Storyopolis, a children's book store/art gallery, in Studio City, where he worked with writer Blake Harris.
His friend from college had sent a copy to a contact at Circle of Confusion management company, who later offered to be Duffield's manager.
After the start of Operation Barbarossa (June 1941), the H.Kdo saw its first action at the beginning of July 1941 in the Battle of Kiev (1941).
On 12 April 1945, the Yugoslav First Partisan Army, broke through the XXXIV Corps' defenses in Syrmia, and captured the cities of Vukovar, Vinkovci, Županja, and finally Zagreb in the last month of the war.
The original set of bronze statues was installed in Boston Public Garden in 1987, and a copy was installed in Moscow in 1991.
The tallest statue stands only 38 inches (.97 meters) tall, and the caravan of bronze ducks set in Boston cobblestone spans 35 feet (10.67 m) from front to back.
A statue similar to the one in the Boston Public Garden was erected in Novodevichy Park in Moscow as part of the START Treaty by Acton, Massachusetts landscape and construction company Capizzi & Co. Inc. on July 30, 1991.
The equipment, statues, cobblestones, and workers were all flown by the US Air Force in a C5 containing the heavy equipment, diesel fuel, and other assorted tools they would need.
The individual statues, which were in total length, long, were presented by United States First Lady Barbara Bush to Russian First Lady Raisa Gorbachev as a gift to the children of the Soviet Union.
The ducks were replaced in September 2000 at a rededication ceremony attended by former President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev.
This form is marketed under a variety of names, such as hybrid catalpa 'Purpurea', red-leaved indian bean tree, and purple hybrid catalpa, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
At the age of fifteen, he moved to from his native Galicia to Madrid, where he enrolled at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, under the tutelage of Anton Raphael Mengs.
In 1772 he took second place, behind , in the first-class art competition, with his allegorical rendering of the birth of the Infante, Carlos Clemente, first-born of King Charles IV.
Before leaving for Rome, he had already created some drawings for the Royal Court and, in 1781, was elected to the Academia in recognition of his painting depicting the martyrdom of Saint Sebastian.
In 1788, he was elected Lieutenant-Director of the Academia, to replace Francisco Bayeu, who had taken leave, then was promoted to Director of Painting in 1791, following the resignation of Francisco de Goya.
He was nominated to become the Academia's Director in 1804, and the nomination was approved by King Charles later that same year.
He did, however, accomplish a great deal of work at the various royal sites and palaces; notably at the Palacio Real de Madrid and the Palacio Real de Aranjuez, as well as various frescoes at the Palacio del Marqués de Grimaldi, now the Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, next to the Palacio del Senado, where he worked from 1787 to 1792.
His opus includes numerous religious works in churches and at the court, including small pieces in Murcia, Cuenca and his home province of Galicia at the Catedral de Santiago de Compostela.
The 2020 FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship is the 18th season of the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship; an international rally raid competition for motorbikes and quads.
The calendar for the 2020 season features five long-distance rally raid events; including one marathon event in the Silk Way Rally.
Four of the events are also part of 2020 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies; with the Rally do Sertoes remaining solely under the auspices of the FIM.
Starting with the 2020 season new categories have been introduced with the RallyGP category being for professionals and experienced riders, Rally2 for newcomers, and the Rally Adventure trophy for riders without assistance.
All riders are awarded 3 bonus points for taking part in the first stage of an event; as well as 1 point for each stage win.
This Persian book is considered as the fifth written work of Seyyed Ali Khamenei, and has been translated in Arabic/English, and is the outcome of twenty-eight consecutive sessions which were held in twenty eight days of Ramadan in 1974 by him.
The plan of Islam as a social ideology and with a coherent/coordinated principle(s) and providing to collective life of humans is one of the most urgent needs of religious thoughts.
Before that, Islamic discussions and researches were mainly without these two significant traits; that's why, researchers and seekers have not obtained decisive fruitful results/judgement in comparison of Islam with schools/practitioners of this time.
The artist's historical and revolutionary charts and his works on the classics of Azerbaijani literature are based on an in-depth study of the sources.
Agha Mehdiyev's works have been shown in Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Canada, France, Japan, Poland, Spain, Turkey, Russia, United States, Egypt, Iraq and other countries.
Before he made his way in music, he worked in various occupations which included pest extermination, insurance sales and also as a driver.
Early in his career Blackfoot was going by the name Benny Van and was fronting The Ebb Tides an Ohio band (formed in 1963).
Musicians that played on the album were Frank Gibson Jnr on drums, Billy Kristian on bass, Mike Walker on piano, Bob Jackson on guitar and Jimmy Sloggett on Saxophone.
Esther 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter introduces Haman the Agagite, who is linked by his genealogy to King Agag, the enemy of Israel's King Saul, from whose father, Kish, Mordecai was descended ().
The king Ahasuerus elevated Haman to a high position in the court, and ordered everyone to bow down to him, but Mordecai refuses to do so to Haman (), which is connected to Mordecai's Jewish identity (as Jews would only bow down to worship their own God (cf.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
Haman's displeasure of Mordecai's refusal to bow down to him turns into an evil design to wipe out the whole people of Mordecai.
Haman carried out his design by first casting lots to choose the suitable day for execution and then persuading the king to issue a decree to assure the implementation of it.
Al-Iḥtijāj or ʿalā ahl al-lijāj (), best known as al-Ihtijaj () is a secondary book of Hadith written by Abu Mansur, Ahmad b. Ali b. Abi Talib al-Tabrisi (died in 599 AH/1202 CE).
Shi'a scholars are certain about its credibility and the only problem of the book is that most of the hadiths (narrations) in it are narrated as al-hadith al-Mursal as there is no chain of transmitters for them in the book.
The Hopes of President Xi, also known as To Be an Upright Man for a Lifetime, is a song written by Chinese President Xi Jinping and composed by Yanhui Jiang ().
She has also appeared in three theatre productions, including Skewe Sirkel, (directed by Marthinus Basson); Rygrond, (directed by Charles Fourie); and Soweto, (directed by Phyllis Klotz).
He was graduated from university in 1996, and was employed at Hozeh Honari for his military service and worked in different departments including visual arts, Besat studio, etc.
Equalization is a step in property taxation to bring a uniformity to tax assessment levels across different geographical areas or classes of properties.
Equalization is usually in the form of a uniform percentage of increase or decrease to each area or class of property.
It has been claimed off eastern Greenland but these records are regarded as doubtful and the rock cook is not on a recent (2010) checklist to the fishes of Greenland.
It is absent from the Baltic Sea and has been introduced to the Mediterranean Sea off Malaga.In the waters off Britain and Ireland it is absent from the eastern English Channel and the eastern coast of England.
The rock cook is found mainly among seaweeds and seagrass beds on or near rocks and boulders normally at depths of less than , although it has been claimed at depth of off the United Kingdom.
Males grow faster than the females, by the age of 5 years old the males attain an average length of while the females average length is .
The rock cook also acts as a cleaner fish and a study off the coast of the Algarve, Portugal found that it was the most important species of cleaner fish present in that area.
It is a facultative cleaner fish which rather than maintain a territory where its client fish seek it out small groups of rock cooks actively search for client fish, primarily the brown wrasse in this study, and clean and consume crustacean ectoparasites, all from the family Gnathiidae, off the client fish.
The 2020 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies is the 28th season of the FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies; an annual rally raid competition for cars, buggies, side-by-sides, and trucks held in multiple countries.
The 2020 edition of the world cup features five events; four cross-country rallies and one cross-country marathon; the Silk Way Rally, which is included for the first time.
Four events on the schedule are shared with the 2020 FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship; the Qatar round being the only exception.
The FIA awards the world cup to drivers, co-drivers, and teams competing in the T1 category; whilst drivers and teams in the T3 and T4 categories are awarded FIA cups.
In order to score points in the Cup classifications, competitors must register with the FIA before the entry closing date of the first rally entered.
If they do not then no leg points are awarded, but the following vehicles will not move up a position for leg points.
Rosa Carola Streitmann, von Jenny from 1885 and Benvenisti from 1888 (21 February 1857 – 30 July 1937) was an Austrian operetta singer and singing pedagogue.
Born in Vienna as Rosalia Streitmann, Streitmann was the daughter of a stockbroker, her brother was the operetta singer Karl Streitmann.
She is said to have first enjoyed ballet training with , but then turned to singing under pressure from her parents.
Her engagement in the Theater in der Josefstadt, which she began in 1889, ended with mutual recriminations and a trial, from which Streitmann finally emerged victorious.
From a stay abroad (possibly in Paris) she returned to Vienna in 1893, where she sang again at the Carlstheater in 1897.
In the play written by Kilty, two actors duel with each other as they act on the letters exchanged between Shaw and Mrs. Campbell.
The play was brought to the screen in 1981 by the director Gordon Rigsby with the lead roles by Jane Alexander as Mrs. Patrick Campbell and Edward Herrmann as George Bernard Shaw.
The film directed by Alexandre Tarta had in lead roles Edwige Feuillère as Mrs. Patrick Campbell and Jean Marais as George Bernard Shaw.
The Basel Institute on Governance is an independent, international non-profit organisation dedicated to preventing and combating corruption and other financial crimes and to strengthening governance around the world.
It has a regional office for Latin America in Lima, Peru, and field staff based in several countries particularly in east and southern Africa.
It is known for producing the Basel AML Index, an annual ranking for measuring and comparing countries' risk of money laundering and terrorist financing.
The organisation's activities are overseen by a Foundation Board comprising prominent experts in the fields of anti-corruption and law, from both the private sector and academia.
The Basel Institute's International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) assists partner countries in a broad spectrum of asset recovery matters with the primary aim of building the capacity of the country's institutions to trace and recover corruptly acquired assets from abroad.
It provides intensive training courses to law enforcement, financial investigators, prosecutors and the judiciary of partner countries in topics including financial investigation, mutual legal assistance, interviewing skills for investigators and money laundering using Bitcoin.
The centre also provides technical assistance on cases and legal matters in partner countries, as well as support for policy reform.
For example, it contributed to the development of the second Malawian National Anti-Corruption Strategy (NACS II), which was launched on 9 December 2019.
Core donors to ICAR are the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, the UK Department for International Development, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Government of Jersey and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation.
It hosts the B20 Collective Action Hub, an online platform for anti-corruption Collective Action resources under a mandate from the B20 group of global business leaders.
Among other initiatives, the Basel Institute has collaborated with the OECD and Transparency International to develop the High Level Reporting Mechanism, an independent mechanism to quickly resolve alerts about suspected acts of corruption in public procurement projects.
It is actively engaged in research and support for other Collective Action tools such as integrity pacts with the aim of making anti-corruption Collective Action a global compliance norm.
The Siemens Integrity Initiative, a USD100 million-dollar fund created by Siemens to fight corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training, has supported the ICCA with multi-year grants in all three of its funding rounds.
The centre provides subsidised consultancy services for SMEs on anti-corruption compliance, bribery prevention and Collective Action through the UK Business Integrity Consultancy Service.
The Basel Institute's Public Governance team conducts research on the root causes of corruption, develops evidence-based anti-corruption approaches and provides training and assessments on relevant political and social aspects.
Current research in these areas includes two major projects under the DFID-funded Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme on Addressing bribery in the Tanzanian health sector: a behavioural approach and Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments.
The Basel Institute's Compliance and Corporate Governance division provides advice on anti-corruption compliance and crisis management for companies and other organisations.
A notable mandate in this field was Mark Pieth's appointment in November 2011 as chairman of the Independent Governance Committee tasked with overseeing improvements to governance and transparency of FIFA.
Through the Basel Institute’s regional office in Peru, a team of specialists provides comprehensive support to 11 Peruvian local and regional governments to generate more effective, efficient and transparent use of public funds.
The programme is funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs through its economic cooperation and development programme in Peru and was extended for a second four-year term in December 2019.
As part of this effort, the Basel Institute operates the information-sharing system of the United for Wildlife Transport and Financial Taskforces, two public-private collaborations against wildlife trafficking spearheaded by The Royal Foundation.
The tools are projects of the International Centre for Asset Recovery and are designed for use by public and private sector actors as well as policymakers and academia.
Robert Lamar Rabb (6 August 1919 — 31 July 2006) was an American entomologist and a professor at North Carolina State University.
Rabb was born in Lenoir where he was introduced to the wilderness by his timberman grandfather and his mother, who was interested in wildflowers.
His education was interrupted by the war years during which he served in the 390th Bombardment Squadron of the US Air Force in the Solomon Islands, New Guinea and the Philippines.
Along with his colleague Frank Guthrie, he organized an international conference on pest management in 1970 that was very influential in shaping the field of Integrated Pest Management.
Pereda later served as an assistant softball coach and as an assistant athletic director at Concordia University Irvine in Irvine, California.
The Bangalore A Division is a second tier football league in the Indian State of Karnataka, under the Bangalore football league system.
The 18th World Team Challenge 2019 (officially: Joka Classic Biathlon World Team Challenge auf Schalke 2019) was a biathlon competition, that was held at December 28, 2019, at the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
Gerhard Heinzmann (born 12 October 1950 in Freiburg im Breisgau is a German philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the Université de Lorraine.
During the first season, Iyia Liu owns a confectionary delivery company, Celebration Box, while helping her friend launch a skincare product line, Ed&I Body.
Liu is also featured undergoing a Brazilian Butt Lift procedure shortly before her first pregnancy with a recent boyfriend, who she meets in the first episode.
While media critics and influencers initially praised and promoted the series, BossBabes has become the subject of harsh criticism on social media.
As a result of the investigation, Iyia Liu's ties to the alleged pyramid scheme were exposed, linking her to a series of corporate registrations and investments through a personal family trust, which included the purchase and a mortgage for property in the affluent rural community of Coatesville.
The suspect property, a partly built mansion, was featured by 1 News and other news outlets in 2018 as her second mansion, despite records showing that she only owned the Coatesville property that is under construction.
The album drew comparisons to Jack Johnson and Xavier Rudd due to the breezy acoustic sound, chilled vocals and environmental messages.
Hemant Soren is the leader of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, who was sworn in the Chief Minister of Jharkhand on 29 December 2019.
In the current government, 6 ministers including the Chief Minister belongs to the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, 4 ministers belongs to the Indian National Congress and 1 minister belongs to the Rashtriya Janata Dal.
She has a Master of Architecture degree from Montana State University and sits on the University’s School of Architecture Advisory Council.
In the past, Christensen has held the roles of: Associate Director (AIA Montana), Young Architect Regional Director (AIA Northwest and Pacific Region) and a member of the Internship Advisory Committee and Education Committee of NCARB.
In 2016 she was one of the youngest ever architects to become Associate Principal at Architects Engineers, as well as a Woman to Watch.
In 2017 she received the Young Architects Award as well as one of the top 3 finalists for Woman of the Year 42th Annual Civic & Community Awards.
Three years later, the Vietnam Championship Series (VCS) was upgraded to a Tier 1 tournament and Vietnam became its own competitive region separate from the rest of Southeast Asia.
Garena announced on 25 September 2019 that it was intending to merge the LMS and LST into a single league, the details of which would be released near the end of the year.
On 19 December, Riot Games announced the name of the new league, the Pacific Championship Series (PCS), and a list of nine of the ten teams that would compete in it.
The Last Race (Italian: L'ultima gara) is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Piero Costa and starring Vera Bergman, Enzo Fiermonte and Checco Durante.
In 1976, he met Jamaican Brian and African Ken in a student settlement, both guitarists and singers with whom he founded reggae band Night Duty.
After a year he continued his studies in Ljubljana at the Ljubljana Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Mineralogy.
Upon arrival in Ljubljana, Jarić devotes himself to the renovation of one basement in the Rožna Dolina student settlement, under the auspices of the student organization Forum.
Jarić was employed by the Institute of Metallurgy and Mining as a junior researcher until the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.
As a percussionist, he has worked with a variety of bands, playing rock, punk, afrobeat, reggae, jazz, and all the way to Canadian country and the Balkan groove.
The natural disasters included here are all the events which resulted in significant loss of life or property due to natural, non-biological processes of the Earth within Australian territory.
From the Inter-City match, it is noted that W. L. K. Cowie, Mackenzie, Blackwood improved their selection chances for the national team; and G. Culver also played well.
As of 1920, the state had not elected a Democratic Congressman since 1878, and between 1900 and 1954 Democratic representation in the Oregon legislature would never exceed fifteen percent except during the above-mentioned 1930s interlude, so that Republican primaries would become the chief mode of competition.
Thus, Oregon was the only Western state apart from South Dakota to back Charles Evans Hughes, although Ozark mountaineer-settled Eastern Oregon did vote for Wilson.
By the beginning of 1920 skyrocketing inflation and Wilson's focus upon his proposed League of Nations at the expense of domestic policy had helped make the incumbent President very unpopular – besides which Wilson also had major health problems that had left First Lady Edith effectively running the nation.
Cox also said whilst touring the West that Prohibition should not be an issue as it would depend on enforcement rather than the actual passage of the Eighteenth amendment.
Oregon went with this tide, voting strongly for Republican nominee, Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding, over Democratic nominee Ohio Governor James M. Cox.
Harding carried every county in the state; however, the conservatism of Western Oregon where most of the state’s population resided meant that the swing toward the Republicans was extremely muted vis-à-vis any other Western State, and also that left-wing third parties did not have the impact they did in Washington State or some states in the Midwest.
In fact, Oregon was the only state in the West, Plains or Upper Midwest except New Mexico where the swing against the Democrats was less than the national swing, and indeed it was Harding’s weakest state north of the Missouri–Iowa border and west of the Great Lakes.
Rising on the east side of the Clwydian Range, it is a 'misfit stream' occupying a deep valley cutting westwards through the range into the Vale of Clwyd.
The river is followed for its entire length by the A541 road running from Mold to Trefnant and was formerly followed by the Mold and Denbigh Junction Railway.
There are numerous workings, both active and abandoned, for sand and gravel within the Wheeler valley, a legacy of the last ice age when the valley carried considerable quantities of glacial meltwater.
The men's 67.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 8 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
Anne with seven other ladies put their names in a hat to award kisses to winners at a tournament for Prince Henry in April 1612.
As a New Year gift in January 1613 and on the occasion of the marriage of Princess Elizabeth, Dudley received from Frederick V of the Palatinate a chain of pearls and a diamond worth 1,000 marks, (£666-13s-8d).
Anne married Hans Meinhard von Schönberg, the Palatine Ambassador to England, and resident diplomat at Heidelberg, in London on 22 March 1615.
It had been said in London in December 1613 that Schönberg had come to England in part to entreat King James and Anne of Denmark not to recall Dudley from Heidelberg.
James VI and I wrote to ask if a maid of honour could be a married woman in German custom, and what royal jewels were in her care.
Elizabeth, the Electress, replied that Dudley only kept some silver plate, and also that her husband, Frederick V and his council had favoured the marriage.
In her 1644 will her sister, Mary (Dudley) Sutton, Countess of Home, left her nephew, Frederick Schomberg, a purse of gold coins.
Berman was found in a home with severe head injuries on December 22, 2019; she was brought to a hospital and pronounced dead.
From 1995 to 2000 he was active in two Austrian Science Fund projects on the music theoretical sources of the Middle Ages in Austria.
Since 2003 he has been working at the Department of Musicology of the Institute for Art and Music Historical Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
From 2008 to 2015 he was the scientific director of two FWF projects on medieval music manuscripts at the Austrian National Library in Vienna.
His main research interests are medieval music, the early modern period musical representation and the composer and music theorist Johann Joseph Fux.
The Cagiva C589 was a racing motorcycle made by Cagiva, which was used in the 500cc class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing during the 1989 season.
This bike is the direct evolution of previous year's bike and thus it barely differs in terms of parts and definitively adopted the new inverted forks (which were also used by Randy Mamola in the 1988 championship), as well as a banana swingarm and a 'one piece' bodywork which were designed by Massimo Tamburini.
However, this design did not give an easy life to its riders as the bike was given the incorrect weight distribution which prevented it from freely unloading the power to the ground, the drivers frequently reporting that they found themselves in trouble because of it.
Aesthetically compared to the previous model, the C589 differs only for the long and thin additional slits at the end of the radiator vents and a slit behind and below the vents, while the Plexiglas on the front fairing is lower and less rounded.
The main reason for this was the lack of top-end speed the bike had compared to its competitors, incorrect weight distribution and poor power delivery.
Randy Mamola scored a decent haul of points but also frequently failed to finish, scoring 4 DNFs during the season, and did not start three races as well.
Wildcard rider Massimo Broccoli scored points twice and did not finish once, while the other replacement rider Raymond Roche failed to finish for his only outing for the team.
The C589 was the inspiration for the company to release a road-legal model with a similar design called the Cagiva Mito in 1990.
The African Qualification Tournament for the 2020 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was a volleyball tournament for men's national teams held in Cairo, Egypt from 7 to 11 January 2020.
Teaching, writing books, translating, and writing critiques for the press, as well as holding photo exhibitions are among her other activities.
David Alwyn Bentley (born 30 May 1950) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield, Doncaster Rovers, Mansfield Town and Rotherham United.
Centrolabrus melanocercus, the black-tailed wrasse, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the wrasse family Labridae which is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
Bebe Zatoon was an Australian author and pioneer of South Australia who spent much of her life involved with the Afghan cameleers in Australia through her relationships with Ali Ackba Nuby and Karum Bux.
Stegar was born 15 November 1882 in Lambeth, London and she is the daughter of house-painter Wilfred Isaac Oaten and Lousia Dennis.
In 1891 father and daughter migrated to Australia and it is said that her mother, Louisa, walked off the ship before it sailed and never saw her daughter again.
Father and daughter settled in the Darling Downs in Queensland where they took up unprofitable land, that was infested with Prickly pears, and they experienced severe hardship.
After falling pregnant to Charles Stegar, an itinerant shearer, at 16 the couple married on 7 December 1899 at the St John's Church of England in Dalby, Queensland.
The couple had 4 children together before, after being threatened by her husband with a gun, she left him and their children and traveled to Western Queensland.
Stegar worked as a barmaid for 7 years before meeting Ali Ackba Nuby when they were both working at Mungallala, Stegar at the hotel and Nuby running a general store in another, disused, hotel.
Stegar called Nuby an 'Indian Hawker' and the two formed a romantic relationship and would go on to have 3 children together.
Throughout their time together the family lived a nomadic life and worked as camel-drivers in Central Australia, initially based in the South Australian towns of Marree and Oodnadatta.
In both towns Stegar and her family lived in the Ghan Towns, established outside of the main settlements for Afghan cameleers.
Stegar had a special place in the communities there as, pressed into unwilling service by Nuby, she assisted with the translation of consignment notes and bills of landing as many of the cameleers could not read English.
Around 1923 - 1924 Nuby died in a cholera outbreak in his home village when visiting India to help his family and, upon hearing the news, months after events and already struggling from the financial aspects of her husband's loss, Stegar was shocked to learn she had no claim to his estate as the two were never formally married.
Stegar tried to find full-time work, preferably live-in, but all that she could find was work as a washerwoman and, to reduce expenses, she moved into a hostel but with no form of pension or benefits available she struggled significantly.
Finding this situation untenable Stegar finally allowed the unofficial Mullah of the Oodnadatta Mosque, who had offered to find her a husband that day that Nuby died, to find her a husband.
Stegar married Karum Bux on 26 January 1925 at the mosque, a marriage that was never registered and that Stegar did not even attend the ceremony.
In 1927 the pair travelled to Mecca and, upon her return, she wrote a series of articles about the trip, under the pseudonym Bebe Zatoon.
These articles, entitled 'Arabian Days; the Wanderings of Winifred the Washerwoman', ran in The Observer from 8 December 1928 to 2 February 1929.
Stegar separated from Bux in November, 1928, ending their marriage of convenience, after receiving an invitation to become governess to the family of King Amanullah Khan, the royal family of Afghanistan.
However, by the time she arrived in India with her 3 children to Nuby, the king had been overthrown and she travelled with a medical team to the boarder and helped escort Queen Souriya back to Bombay.
Following these adventures Stegar returned to South Australia where she continued to write (works listed below); she was a self-proclaimed 'compulsive writer'.
During World War II Stegar ran a mess for miners in Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory where she kept goats to provide milk and meat.
In 1952 Stegar saw her eldest son, who she had not seen since 1909, who came to Alice Springs to tell her that Charles Stegar, who had always refused to divorce her, had died.
but quickly had to re-release it as a novel as it contained many inaccuracies, including claiming that she was born in China and raised in a convent.
She continued writing into her late 90s until, following a fall, her typewriter was taken away, and she died in the Adelaide suburb of Campbelltown on 16 March 1981.
She was just 9 months short of her 100th birthday which she had celebrated 3 years before, with much fanfare, including a message from Queen Elizabeth.
She was part of the Australian team at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, 2017 FINA World League Intercontinental Cup, and 2019 FINA World League Intercontinental Cup.
Mata Hari's Daughter (Italian: La figlia di Mata Hari) is a 1954 French-Italian adventure film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Ludmilla Tchérina, Erno Crisa and Frank Latimore.
Paul William Matthews (born 30 September 1946) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City, Mansfield Town, Northampton Town, Rotherham United and Southend United.
The 1991–92 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 92nd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Trevor Swift (born 14 September 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Rotherham United.
Eucalyptus splendens, commonly known as apple jack, is a species of small, spreading tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia.
It has fibrous or corky bark on the trunk and thicker branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical to cup-shaped fruit.
It has rough, firm to corky fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth light brown bark on the thin branches.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are square in cross-section and leaves that are glossy green, lance-shaped, long and wide.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, hemispherical to cup-shaped capsule long and wide with the valves protruding.
This eucalypt is only known from a single location near Mount Richmond, north-west of Portland, where it grows in heavy soils of volcanic origin.
William Grozier (born 24 August 1956) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Doaa is an energetic young woman who grabs her last chance to marry and start a new life in another city, building up a family, she herself so desperately misses.
Since his son is too busy to accompany him, Shawky is alone on his way to see a tumor specialist, a French physician, who is in Cairo for just a few days and means his last hope.
Shawky's yellow plastic bag containing all his x-rays and medical tests are accidentally taken by the young woman (Doaa) he shares a taxi with.
Doaa is getting ready for her wedding party later that night, but as she lives all alone in the city, only her motherly neighbor helps her with the busy preparations.
As Doaa rushes through the city, the bridal bouquet gets lost and is picked up by Shawky, who is following her in search of his yellow plastic bag.
The lost x-rays and the lost flowers oblige them to spend a fraught and exhausting day together, a journey through the city that plants the seed of hope where they never expected it.
Before he catches his appointment with the doctor and she finally arrives at her wedding party, the two isolated people reconnect against all odds and form a human bond as they realize the preciousness of this very moment in their lives.
The New Zealand Breakers are a New Zealand professional basketball team based in Auckland, New Zealand, and play in the National Basketball League.
The following is a list of all the players, both past and current, who have appeared in at least one game for the club.
Paul Stanley Jones (born 10 September 1953) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
This species was formally described by Eduard Rüppell in 1835, no type locality was given but it is though to have been Jeddah.
Trevor Cook (born 2 July 1956) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Paul Anthony Christopher (born 19 June 1954) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
This year the entire country is to celebrate the 100th birthday of its Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Topics covered, in past annual issues, have included U.S. childrens' economic status, health, education, family and community, child protection, foster care, juvenile justice and incarceration—with current and historical data, and comparative rankings of states.
In each of the 50 states, AECF originally selected a single local child-issues organization to partially fund with an AECF grant, and to partner with to develop a customized version of the Data Book for each state.
Most of the area in and around the community was part of Hardwick Farms, which belonged to the prominent Hardwick family, who were the founders of Hardwick Clothes and Hardwick Stove Company, two prominent businesses founded and headquartered in Cleveland.
In 1955 Hardwick Field, also known as Cleveland Municipial Airport, was constructed in the western part of the community, which operated until December 31, 2013, when it was replaced by Cleveland Regional Jetport.
Beginning in the 1960s, large-scale residential growth began taking place in and around the community, which has continued into the present.
Beginning in 1988, the city of Cleveland began annexing parts of the community and surrounding areas into the city limits, which continued until the mid-1990s.
Today the community effectively exists as a neighborhood of Cleveland, with the boundaries of the city limits on the eastern edge of the community and extending north of the community for about .
Much of the Hardwick farmland still exists southeast of the community, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2019.
Mata Hari's Daughter (French: La Fille de Mata-Hari) is a romantic adventure novel by the French writer Jacques Laurent, under the pen name Cécil Saint-Laurent.
It features the daughter of the notorious First World War spy Mata Hari, who like her mother is also a dancer who becomes embroiled in espionage.
The 1990–91 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 91st in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
McCord was born and raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, she graduated from Northwestern State University and Louisiana State University and got her first broadcast job in Cleveland working as an in-house reporter for the Cleveland Browns.
She also worked as the digital media reporter for the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame and also the in-game host for the New Orleans Pelicans and the New Orleans Saints.
On December 28, 2019, McCord was one of five passengers killed aboard a plane that crashed in a field one mile from the Lafayette Regional Airport while traveling to the Peach Bowl.
Zygodactylidae is a family of extinct birds found in Europe and North America from the Eocene epoch to the Middle Miocene.
First named in 1971, based on fragmentary remains of two species from Germany, a more complete description of the birds became possible in 2008 when a number of other, better-preserved fossil species were assigned to the family based on a number of shared characteristics.
The name of the group comes from the presence of a zygodactyl foot, with two toes projecting forward, and two to the rear.
This is the same arrangement as seen in living parrots and woodpeckers, and the zygodactylids were at one time thought to be related to the woodpecker family.
Passerine birds are distinguished by an anisodactyl foot, but it is thought that their earliest ancestors may have been zygodactyl, likely using this arrangement of toes to cling to the bark of trees as woodpeckers do.
It was used as Spokane's city hall until 1982, when it was replaced with new offices in a former Montgomery Ward department store.
The North American Qualification Tournament for the 2020 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was a volleyball tournament for men's national teams held in Vancouver, Canada from 10 to 12 January 2020.
The 2019 NORCECA Champions Cup champions which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Summer Olympics and the top three teams from the 2019 NORCECA Championship which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Summer Olympics or this tournament qualified for this tournament.
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET), also known as the metal–oxide–silicon transistor (MOS transistor, or MOS), is a type of insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) that is fabricated by the controlled oxidation of a semiconductor, typically silicon.
The voltage of the covered gate determines the electrical conductivity of the device; this ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals.
It is the basic building block of modern electronics, and the most frequently manufactured device in history, with an estimated total of 13sextillion (1.3 × 10) MOSFETs manufactured between 1960 and 2018.
It was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturised and mass-produced for a wide range of uses, revolutionizing the electronics industry and the world economy, having been central to the computer revolution, digital revolution, information revolution, silicon age and information age.
MOSFET scaling and miniaturization has been driving the rapid exponential growth of electronic semiconductor technology since the 1960s, and enable high-density integrated circuits (ICs) such as memory chips and microprocessors.
The MOSFET is by far the most widely used transistor in both digital circuits and analog circuits, and it is the backbone of modern electronics.
According to Jean-Pierre Colinge, numerous modern technologies would not exist without the MOSFET, such as the modern computer industry, digital telecommunication systems, video games, pocket calculators, and digital wristwatches, for example.
Discrete MOSFET devices are widely used in applications such as switch mode power supplies, variable-frequency drives and other power electronics applications where each device may be switching thousands of watts.
MOSFET devices are also applied in audio-frequency power amplifiers for public address systems, sound reinforcement and home and automobile sound systems.
MOSFETs in integrated circuits are the primary elements of computer processors, semiconductor memory, image sensors, and most other types of integrated circuits.
The MOSFET was invented by Egyptian engineer Mohamed M. Atalla and Korean engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1959.
In the early 1960s, research programs on MOS technology were established by Fairchild Semiconductor, RCA Laboratories, General Microelectronics (led by former Fairchild engineer Frank Wanlass) and IBM.
GMe's first MOS contract was with NASA, which used MOSFETs for spacecraft and satellites in the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) program and Explorers Program.
With its rapidly scaling miniaturisation, MOS technology became the focus of RCA, Fairchild, Intel and other semiconductor companies in the 1960s, fuelling the technological and economic growth of the early semiconductor industry based around California (including what later became known as Silicon Valley) as well as Japan.
This led to a revolution in the electronics industry, which has since impacted daily life in almost every way, with MOS technology leading to revolutionary changes in technology, economy, culture and thinking.
MOSFETs are capable of high scalability (Moore's law and Dennard scaling), with increasing miniaturization, and can be easily scaled down to smaller dimensions.
MOSFETs also have faster switching speed, with rapid on–off electronic switching that makes them ideal for generating pulse trains, the basis for digital signals.
The MOSFET has been called the most important transistor, the most important device in the electronics industry, the most important device in the computing industry, one of the most important developments in semiconductor technology, and possibly the most important invention in electronics.
The MOSFET has been the fundamental building block of modern digital electronics, during the digital revolution, information revolution, information age, and silicon age.
The rapid progress of the electronics industry during the late 20th to early 21st centuries was achieved by rapid MOSFET scaling (Dennard scaling and Moore's law), down to the level of nanoelectronics in the early 21st century.
Between 1960 and 2018, an estimated total of 13sextillion MOS transistors have been manufactured, accounting for at least 99.9% of all transistors.
Digital integrated circuits such as microprocessors and memory devices contain thousands to billions of integrated MOSFETs on each device, providing the basic switching functions required to implement logic gates and data storage.
There are also memory devices which contain at least a trillion MOS transistors, such as a 256GB microSD memory card, larger than the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
As of 2010, the operating principles of modern MOSFETs have remained largely the same as the original MOSFET first demonstrated by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng in 1960.
The MOSFET was also the basis for Nobel Prize winning breakthroughs such as the quantum Hall effect and the charge-coupled device (CCD), yet there was never any Nobel Prize given for the MOSFET itself.
In 2018, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences which awards the science Nobel Prizes acknowledged that the invention of the MOSFET by Atalla and Kahng was one of the most important inventions in microelectronics and in information and communications technology (ICT).
The MOSFET is also included on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and its inventors Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng entered the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2009.
The MOSFET is the most widely used type of transistor and the most critical device component in integrated circuit (IC) chips.
The monolithic integrated circuit chip was enabled by the surface passivation process, which electrically stabilized silicon surfaces via thermal oxidation, making it possible to fabricate monolithic integrated circuit chips using silicon.
This was the basis for the planar process, developed by Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor in early 1959, which was critical to the invention of the monolithic integrated circuit chip by Robert Noyce later in 1959.
This was followed by the development of clean rooms to reduce contamination to levels never before thought necessary, and coincided with the development of photolithography which, along with surface passivation and the planar process, allowed circuits to be made in few steps.
Mohamed Atalla first proposed the concept of the MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) chip in 1960, noting that the MOSFET's ease of fabrication made it useful for integrated circuits.
In contrast to bipolar transistors which required a number of steps for the p–n junction isolation of transistors on a chip, MOSFETs required no such steps but could be easily isolated from each other.
The Si–SiO system possessed the technical attractions of low cost of production (on a per circuit basis) and ease of integration.
These two factors, along with its rapidly scaling miniaturization and low energy consumption, led to the MOSFET becoming the most widely used type of transistor in IC chips.
The earliest experimental MOS IC to be demonstrated was a 16-transistor chip built by Fred Heiman and Steven Hofstein at RCA in 1962.
In 1967, Bell Labs researchers Robert Kerwin, Donald Klein and John Sarace developed the self-aligned gate (silicon-gate) MOS transistor, which Fairchild Semiconductor researchers Federico Faggin and Tom Klein used to develop the first silicon-gate MOS IC.
With its high scalability, and much lower power consumption and higher density than bipolar junction transistors, the MOSFET made it possible to build high-density IC chips.
MOS chips further increased in complexity at a rate predicted by Moore's law, leading to large-scale integration (LSI) with hundreds of MOSFETs on a chip by the late 1960s.
MOS technology enabled the integration of more than 10,000 transistors on a single LSI chip by the early 1970s, before later enabling very large-scale integration (VLSI).
The origins of both the microprocessor and the microcontroller can be traced back to the invention and development of MOS technology.
The application of MOS LSI chips to computing was the basis for the first microprocessors, as engineers began recognizing that a complete computer processor could be contained on a single MOS LSI chip.
The first multi-chip microprocessors, the Four-Phase Systems AL1 in 1969 and the Garrett AiResearch MP944 in 1970, were developed with multiple MOS LSI chips.
The first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was developed by Federico Faggin, using his silicon-gate MOS IC technology, with Intel engineers Marcian Hoff and Stan Mazor, and Busicom engineer Masatoshi Shima.
CMOS had lower power consumption, but was initially slower than NMOS, which was more widely used for computers in the 1970s.
In 1978, Hitachi introduced the twin-well CMOS process, which allowed CMOS to match the performance of NMOS with less power consumption.
By the 1970s1980s, CMOS logic consumed over 110/15 round 0times less power than NMOS logic, and about 100,000 times less power than bipolar transistor-transistor logic (TTL).
The growth of digital technologies like the microprocessor has provided the motivation to advance MOSFET technology faster than any other type of silicon-based transistor.
A big advantage of MOSFETs for digital switching is that the oxide layer between the gate and the channel prevents DC current from flowing through the gate, further reducing power consumption and giving a very large input impedance.
The insulating oxide between the gate and channel effectively isolates a MOSFET in one logic stage from earlier and later stages, which allows a single MOSFET output to drive a considerable number of MOSFET inputs.
The JFET and bipolar junction transistor (BJT) are preferred for accurate matching (of adjacent devices in integrated circuits), higher transconductance and certain temperature characteristics which simplify keeping performance predictable as circuit temperature varies.
Nevertheless, MOSFETs are widely used in many types of analog circuits because of their own advantages (zero gate current, high and adjustable output impedance and improved robustness vs. BJTs which can be permanently degraded by even lightly breaking down the emitter-base).
The characteristics and performance of many analog circuits can be scaled up or down by changing the sizes (length and width) of the MOSFETs used.
MOSFETs' ideal characteristics regarding gate current (zero) and drain-source offset voltage (zero) also make them nearly ideal switch elements, and also make switched capacitor analog circuits practical.
In their linear region, MOSFETs can be used as precision resistors, which can have a much higher controlled resistance than BJTs.
Also, MOSFETs can be configured to perform as capacitors and gyrator circuits which allow op-amps made from them to appear as inductors, thereby allowing all of the normal analog devices on a chip (except for diodes, which can be made smaller than a MOSFET anyway) to be built entirely out of MOSFETs.
This means that complete analog circuits can be made on a silicon chip in a much smaller space and with simpler fabrication techniques.
Some ICs combine analog and digital MOSFET circuitry on a single mixed-signal integrated circuit, making the needed board space even smaller.
This creates a need to isolate the analog circuits from the digital circuits on a chip level, leading to the use of isolation rings and silicon on insulator (SOI).
Since MOSFETs require more space to handle a given amount of power than a BJT, fabrication processes can incorporate BJTs and MOSFETs into a single device.
Mixed-transistor devices are called bi-FETs (bipolar FETs) if they contain just one BJT-FET and BiCMOS (bipolar-CMOS) if they contain complementary BJT-FETs.
As of 2008, the radio transceivers in all wireless networking devices and modern mobile phones are mass-produced as RF CMOS devices.
In this application, the drain and source of a MOSFET exchange places depending on the relative voltages of the source/drain electrodes.
All of these switches are limited on what signals they can pass or stop by their gate–source, gate–drain, and source–drain voltages; exceeding the voltage, current, or power limits will potentially damage the switch.
In the case of an n-type switch, the body is connected to the most negative supply (usually GND) and the gate is used as the switch control.
When the switch is conducting, it typically operates in the linear (or ohmic) mode of operation, since the source and drain voltages will typically be nearly equal.
In the case of a P-MOS, the body is connected to the most positive voltage, and the gate is brought to a lower potential to turn the switch on.
To turn the switch on, the gate of the P-MOS is driven to the low potential and the gate of the N-MOS is driven to the high potential.
Also, the P-MOS is typically two to three times wider than the N-MOS, so the switch will be balanced for speed in the two directions.
Tri-state circuitry sometimes incorporates a CMOS MOSFET switch on its output to provide for a low-ohmic, full-range output when on, and a high-ohmic, mid-level signal when off.
The advent of the MOSFET enabled the practical use of MOS transistors as memory cell storage elements, a function previously served by magnetic cores in computer memory.
The first modern computer memory was introduced in 1965, when John Schmidt at Fairchild Semiconductor designed the first MOS semiconductor memory, a 64-bit MOS SRAM (static random-access memory).
While examining the characteristics of MOS technology, he found it was capable of building capacitors, and that storing a charge or no charge on the MOS capacitor could represent the 1 and 0 of a bit, while the MOS transistor could control writing the charge to the capacitor.
In 1967, Dennard filed a patent under IBM for a single-transistor DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) memory cell, based on MOS technology.
MOS memory enabled higher performance, was cheaper, and consumed less power, than magnetic-core memory, leading to MOS memory overtaking magnetic core memory as the dominant computer memory technology by the early 1970s.
In 1967, Dawon Kahng and Simon Sze proposed that floating-gate memory cells, consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs (FGMOS), could be used to produce reprogrammable ROM (read-only memory).
Floating-gate memory cells later became the basis for non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies including EPROM, EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) and flash memory.
The earliest MOSFET sensors include the open-gate FET (OGFET) introduced by Johannessen in 1970, the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) invented by Piet Bergveld in 1970, the adsorption FET (ADFET) patented by P.F.
The ISFET is a special type of MOSFET with a gate at a certain distance, and where the metal gate is replaced by an ion-sensitive membrane, electrolyte solution and reference electrode.
By the mid-1980s, numerous other MOSFET sensors had been developed, including the gas sensor FET (GASFET), surface accessible FET (SAFET), charge flow transistor (CFT), pressure sensor FET (PRESSFET), chemical field-effect transistor (ChemFET), reference ISFET (REFET), biosensor FET (BioFET), enzyme-modified FET (ENFET) and immunologically modified FET (IMFET).
By the early 2000s, BioFET types such as the DNA field-effect transistor (DNAFET), gene-modified FET (GenFET) and cell-potential BioFET (CPFET) had been developed.
The two main types of image sensors used in digital imaging technology are the charge-coupled device (CCD) and the active-pixel sensor (CMOS sensor).
Both CCD and CMOS sensors are based on MOS technology, with the CCD based on MOS capacitors and the CMOS sensor based on MOS transistors.
MOS technology is the basis for modern image sensors, including the charge-coupled device (CCD) and the CMOS active-pixel sensor (CMOS sensor), used in digital imaging and digital cameras.
While researching the MOS process, they realized that an electric charge was the analogy of the magnetic bubble and that it could be stored on a tiny MOS capacitor.
As it was fairly straighforward to fabricate a series of MOS capacitors in a row, they connected a suitable voltage to them so that the charge could be stepped along from one to the next.
The CMOS active-pixel sensor was later developed by Eric Fossum and his team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the early 1990s.
MOSFETs are also widely used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as silicon MOSFETs could interact and communicate with the surroundings and process things such as chemicals, motions and light.
An early example of a MEMS device is the resonant-gate transistor, an adaptation of the MOSFET, developed by Harvey C. Nathanson in 1965.
Advantages over bipolar junction transistors in power electronics include MOSFETs not requiring a continuous flow of drive current to remain in the ON state, offering higher switching speeds, lower switching power losses, lower on-resistances, and reduced susceptibility to thermal runaway.
The power MOSFET had an impact on power supplies, enabling higher operating frequencies, size and weight reduction, and increased volume production.
They are also widely used for MOS RF power amplifiers, which enabled the transition of mobile networks from analog to digital in the 1990s.
The LDMOS in particular is the most widely used power amplifier in mobile networks, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G.
Power MOSFETs are commonly used in automotive electronics, particularly as switching devices in electronic control units, and as power converters in modern electric vehicles.
Their advantage is a better behaviour in the saturated region (corresponding to the linear region of a bipolar transistor) than the vertical MOSFETs.
Power MOSFETs, including DMOS, LDMOS and VMOS devices, are commonly used for a wide range of other applications, which include the following.
According to Colinge, numerous consumer electronics would not exist without the MOSFET, such as digital wristwatches, pocket calculators, and video games, for example.
One of the earliest influential consumer electronic products enabled by MOS LSI circuits was the electronic pocket calculator, as MOS LSI technology enabled large amounts of computational capability in small packages.
In 1967 the Texas Instruments Cal-Tech was the first prototype electronic handheld calculator, with three MOS LSI chips, and it was later released as the Canon Pocketronic in 1970.
The Sharp QT-8D desktop calculator was the first mass-produced LSI MOS calculator in 1969, and the Sharp EL-8 which used four MOS LSI chips was the first commercial electronic handheld calculator in 1970.
The first true electronic pocket calculator was the Busicom LE-120A HANDY LE, which used a single MOS LSI calculator-on-a-chip from Mostek, and was released in 1971.
MOSFETs are fundamental to information and communications technology (ICT), including modern computers, modern computing, telecommunications, the communications infrastructure, the Internet, digital telephony, wireless telecommunications, and mobile networks.
Advances in MOS technology has been the most important contributing factor in the rapid rise of network bandwidth in telecommunication networks, with bandwidth doubling every 18 months, from bits per second to terabits per second (Edholm's law).
The IGBT accounts for 27% of the power transistor market, second only to the power MOSFET (53%), and ahead of the RF amplifier (11%) and bipolar junction transistor (9%).
In quantum physics and quantum mechanics, the MOSFET is the basis for two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and the quantum Hall effect.
In 1978, the Gakushuin University researchers Jun-ichi Wakabayashi and Shinji Kawaji observed the Hall effect in experiments carried out on the inversion layer of MOSFETs.
In 1980, Klaus von Klitzing, working at the high magnetic field laboratory in Grenoble with silicon-based MOSFET samples developed by Michael Pepper and Gerhard Dorda, made the unexpected discovery of the quantum Hall effect.
A quantum field-effect transistor (QFET) or quantum well field-effect transistor (QWFET) is a type of MOSFET that takes advantage of quantum tunneling to greatly increase the speed of transistor operation.
In the space industry, MOSFET devices were adopted by NASA for space research in 1964, for its Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) program and Explorers space exploration program.
Data gathered by IMP spacecraft and satellites were used to support the Apollo program, enabling the first manned Moon landing with the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
The Cassini–Huygens to Saturn in 1997 had spacecraft power distribution accomplished 192 solid-state power switch (SSPS) devices, which also functioned as circuit breakers in the event of an overload condition.
The switches were developed from a combination of two semiconductor devices with switching capabilities: the MOSFET and the ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit).
The 2019–20 Liga IV Vaslui is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Vaslui, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
13 teams compete in this season - 9 from previous season, 3 promoted teams from Liga V and one admitted on demand.
The occupants of places 9-12 go into play-out, and the team on the 13th place is relegated directly to Liga V – Vaslui County.
The General Secretariat for Scientific Policy Coordination (, SGCPC) is a component of the Spanish Department of Science, Innovation and Universities responsible for promoting the Spanish scientific research, as well as coordinating the different organizations and administrations that are part of it.
The general secretariat is headed by a Secretary-General, an undersecretary-rank official appointed by the Monarch with the advice of the Science Minister.
The origins of the general secretariat dates back to the beginning of the second term of the premiership of José María Aznar in May 2000.
Prior to this reform, between 1976 and 1986 the Directorate-General for Scientific Policy assumed the responsibilities of scientific coordination and promotion and between 1986 and 1995 this task corresponded to the Directorate-General for Scientific and Technical Research and, from that year until the 2000 reform, to the General Secretariat of the National Plan for Scientific Research and Technological Development.
After the 2004 general election, the new government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero merged the departments of Education and of Science and renamed the general secretariat as General Secretariat for Scientific and Technological Policy.
In 2008 it was re-created the Ministry of Science and in 2009 the general secretariat was abolished and its powers divided into several new organs.
In 2012, the Department of Science was abolished and its powers merged into the Ministry of Economy which recovered the general secretariat under the name of General Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation.
In 2015, the creation of the State Research Agency supposed a re-organization of powers and the general secretariat was renamed as General Secretariat for Science and Innovation.
In June 2018, the new government renamed the general secretariat as General Secretariat for Scientific Policy Coordination and it made it directly dependant on the Minister in order to boost the scientific research.
The was published by Cotta in Tübingen and later in Stuttgart, and was the most important German literary and cultural journal of its time.
The was founded by Johann Friedrich Cotta, who had in 1806 envisioned creating a South German equivalent of , a journal edited in Berlin by August von Kotzebue, but Cotta's letters to Goethe show that the idea of being regional was soon dropped, and the name (morning paper) was decided in late 1806.
The journal was not tied to any literary trends or programmes, but tried to cover the entire breadth of literary production.
The journal first appeared on 1 January 1807, shortly after being announced in the , in an edition of 1100 copies costing 8 Saxon thalers per year.
The circulation increased to 1810 copies by 1819, but the journal had many more readers via subscription libraries or other reading clubs, and its total readership has been estimated around 15,000.
Most famous authors of the era wrote or were featured in the , starting with Jean Paul, who opened the first issue with a eulogy referencing the possible future end of the journal.
The journal was published in Tübingen until 1820, in Stuttgart and Tübingen until 1855, when it was published in Stuttgart and Augsburg for a short time, and then in Stuttgart and Munich until the end.
When the long-term editor died in 1865, the journal was discontinued at the end of the year, with readers preferring other products like .
Recommended by Böttiger, Therese Huber became an editor in 1816, after publishing various contributions, many of them anonymously, as was very common in the .
Huber was the first woman supporting her family with a salaried editorial position at a journal and has been described as the first woman to hold an editorial position and even as the first journalist in Germany.
The journal had its most successful period under her editorship, with more than 1800 copies sold in 1820, and somewhat declined after she left, but this decline has also been attributed to problems with censorship related to the Carlsbad Decrees.
However, Cotta eventually decided to leave the offices in Stuttgart (possibly for reasons of censorship) and Huber's editorial duties came to an end.
From 1825, it was edited by Wolfgang Menzel who used his influence to advance national liberalism and to attack more liberal intellectuals.
Goethe, whose works were published by Cotta, was regularly featured and also contributed some content, for example an essay about a new edition of his works.
In 1842, the novella by Annette von Droste-Hülshoff was first published in instalments in the , with the title chosen by the editor Hermann Hauff.
Some of the journal's female authors include Fanny Lewald, Helmina von Chézy, who had been editor of the , Louise von Gall, and Fanny Tarnow, who often wrote anonymously or under pseudonyms.
Ottilie Assing wrote for the journal both before and after her emigration to the United States, and her interpretation in more than 130 reports was highly influential on the views of the German intellectual public on the problem of slavery in 1860s America.
With the list of authors also including Caroline Pichler, Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, Friederike Brun and others, almost all notable female writers of the time were featured in the journal.
It is located on the north side of Idaho State Highway 3, near its intersection with Willow Creek Road, about half way between the southern ends of Cave Lake and Medicine Lake.
Guðjón Skúlason (born 1 January 1967) is an Icelandic retired basketball player and coach and a former member of Icelandic national team.
After the 2002–2003 season, he became co-coach of Keflavík with Falur Harðarson and announced he would not continue playing with the team.
He appeared in one game during the 2003–2004 season, a Cup game on 29 November 2003 against Þróttur Vogum, where he scored 11 points in Keflavík's 86-136 victory.
After starting the 2005–2006 season with Léttir in the 2. deild karla, Guðjón returned to Keflavík in November 2005 as an assistant coach and player.
On 26 February 2006, he broke Teitur Örlygsson record for most games played in the Úrvalsdeild when he played his 406th game.
Guðjón coached Keflavík during the 2003–2004 season along with Falur Harðarson and together they guided the team to the 2004 national championship.
The 1916 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated.
As of 1916, the state had not elected a Democratic Congressman since 1878, and between 1900 and 1954 Democratic representation in the Oregon legislature would never exceed fifteen percent except during the above-mentioned 1930s interlude, so that Republican primaries would become the chief mode of competition.
In 1912, a split in the Republican Party and the relatively limited appeal of Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party in what was at the time the most conservative of the Pacific States allowed Woodrow Wilson to become only the second Democratic Presidential candidate after Horatio Seymour in 1868 to carry Oregon.
For his 1916 re-election against a United GOP, Wilson campaigned on keeping the United States out of World War I, and upon Progressive Era reforms like the income tax.
These reforms were much less popular in Yankee-settled Western Oregon – which had close cultural and political ties to New England – with the result that Oregon voted for the Republican nominee, Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey.
Hughes won Oregon by a close margin of 2.57%; however, alongside South Dakota, Oregon was the only state that Hughes won in the Great Plains or westward.
Wilson’s historically based strength in sparsely populated and Ozark mountaineer-settled Eastern Oregon, like that of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, was inadequate to counter this.
Wilbur Frank Simlik (June 19, 1921 – February 12, 2014) was a highly decorated Major general in the United States Marine Corps.
A veteran of World War II, he distinguished himself as platoon leader of the 3rd Battalion, 25th Marines during the Iwo Jima campaign and received the Silver Star for bravery.
Simlik remained in the Marine Corps Reserve following the war, but was recalled to active duty during the Korean War and distinguished himself again as rifle company commander.
Following graduation from South High School in Youngstown in mid-1939, he enrolled at Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in June 1943.
While at the university, he enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve in December 1942 and completed five weeks of recruit training as a Private First Class at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina.
He was subsequently ordered to the Marine Corps Schools Quantico, Virginia, where he completed Reserve Officers Candidate Course and was commissioned reserve Second lieutenant on October 6, 1943.
Simlik then served one year as Guard officer at Naval Ammunition Depot, Oahu, Hawaii, before joining the 25th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division under Major general Clifton B. Cates.
Simlik was attached to Company L, 3rd Battalion under Lieutenant colonel Justice M. Chambers and spent the following weeks in training.
The Fourth Division embarked for Iwo Jima, Bonin Islands during January 1945 with the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three Japanese-controlled airfields to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands.
Simlik led his company during the two weeks of heavy fighting and when his commanding officer was wounded and evacuated on March 9th, he assumed command of the company and, during an attack south from Minami Village, led his company through devastating hostile fire to destroy a series of cave positions from which the Japanese had harassed the attacking elements.
He was recalled to active duty in January 1952 and ordered to the Amphibious School at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, which he completed in June of that year.
Following his return to the United States at the end of July, Simlik remained on active service and was appointed Officer-in-Charge, Marine Corps Recruiting Station in Portland, Oregon.
While in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of Major in December 1954 and held that command until August 1956, when he rejoined the 1st Marine Division at Camp Pendleton, California.
Simlik served as Executive officer of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment for one year, before he was ordered for the Army Atomic Employment Course at Army Command and Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Upon completion of the course, he served as 1st Marine Division's Assistant operations officer with additional duty as Atomic Weapons Employment officer under Major general David M. Shoup.
He left the headquarters of 1st Marine Division in August 1958 and was ordered to the Naval Postgraduate Management School in Monterey, California.
Simlik graduated in January 1959 and assumed duty as Special Projects officer, Analysis and Review Branch, Fiscal Division at Headquarters Marine Corps and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant colonel in July 1960.
Simlik was ordered to Quantico in August 1962, where he attended Command and Staff College, graduating in August of the following year.
He subsequently remained there as an instructor in the Supporting Arms Branch for brief period, before sailing for Okinawa, Japan for duty with the 3rd Marine Division under Major general James M. Masters Sr.
He served as Divisional Assistant Operations and Training officer until August 1964, when he was ordered to Naples, Italy for duty as Commanding officer of Marine Barracks at Naval Supply Activity there.
Simlik was promoted to the rank of Colonel in January 1966 and ordered back to the United States in order to attend the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island in August of that year.
Simlik graduated in June of the following year and assumed duty again at Headquarters Marine Corps as Head, Enlisted Assignment Section, Assignment and Classification Branch, Personnel Department under Major general Herman Nickerson Jr.
Simlik was ordered to South Vietnam in June 1969 and assumed command of the 3rd Marine Regiment, part of 3rd Marine Division which was engaged in Operation Virginia Ridge near the Vietnam Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).
The operation was focused on destroying two People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) regiments and Simlik assumed command on June 28, 1969, when the PAVN activity was winding down.
Operation Virginia Ridge concluded on July 16, 1969 and was followed by Operation Idaho Canyon during which Simlik directed search and destroy operations against PAVN units along the DMZ north of Fire Support Base Fuller and Khe Gio Bridge.
PAVN activity within the area of operations was light at the beginning, consisting of sporadic rocket attacks against Marine installations, sniper contacts, and attempts at interdicting Routes 9 and 561 with mines and other surprise firing devices.
Small groups of the PAVN 9th Regiment infiltrated the DMZ and moved south, but during the beginning of August 1969, the PAVN changed tactics and Simlik's Marines began facing well-equipped, well-trained units of battalion size.
Operation Idaho Canyon lasted until the end of September that year and Simlik's 3rd Marines counted 563 PAVN killed and 201 weapons captured.
In early June, President Richard Nixon had suggested that a decision on future withdrawals would be made in August or shortly thereafter.
Although there was an information embargo at the headquarters of 3rd Marine Division and commanding general William K. Jones did not want to inform his subordinate units about withdrawal, some information leaked to divisional regimental commanders including Simlik.
Now due to the withdrawal information, nobody wanted to be the last man killed in battle and the situation was worsened by journalists, who segregated some black Marines and asked them suggestive questions if they did more than your share.
This eventually planted seeds of discontent which erupted in violence in the rear areas, resulting in the murder of one Marine.
During the last week of September, the 3rd Marines were moved to Đông Hà Combat Base and then departed for the United States.
But his tour of duty in South Vietnam was not finished and he was subsequently ordered to Da Nang, where he joined the headquarters, III Marine Amphibious Force under lieutenant general Herman Nickerson Jr. as Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics (G-4).
While in this capacity, he participated in the communication with the headquarters of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific under Lieutenant general Henry W. Buse Jr. and was responsible for the coordination of redeployment of Marine Corps units during the withdrawal to the United States and other Pacific bases.
Simlik remained in that capacity until the beginning of June 1970, when he was ordered back to the United States under rotation policy.
As general officer, his first assignment was Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics at Headquarters Marine Corps under Major general Herman Poggemeyer Jr., serving in that capacity until August 1972.
He was co-responsible for the planning of budget for logistics for all marine forces and its advocacy before the congressional committee on appropriations until August 1972, when he was transferred to the Headquarters, Marine Corps Development and Education Command, Quantico and served under lieutenant general Robert P. Keller as Deputy for Education/Director of Education Center.
Following his promotion to Major general on May 7, 1974, he assumed duties as Fiscal Director of the Marine Corps at the Headquarters Marine Corps and served in this capacity until year and half.
Simlik was placed on the retired list on September 1, 1975, but was returned to active duty without interruption of service to continue as Fiscal Director until November 15, 1975.
He was awarded a gold star in lieu of a third award of the Legion of Merit upon termination of active service.
Following his retirement from the Marines, Simlik settled in Vista, California and was active in Boys & Girls Club of Vista, where he served on Boards of Directors for over 25 years.
He was also involved in the farmer growing, harvesting and selling macadamia nuts and was a member of the Macadamia Society.
Simlik was a member of Rotary Club of Vista and was active in the Marine Corps Historical Foundation, where he received a Certificate of Appreciation by Commandant Robert H. Barrow for his contributions to the Oral History Program.
Multimedia Center of the Zagreb University Referral Center (MMC) was an institution which existed in Zagreb, Croatia from 1972 to 1995.
It had a Hewlett-Packard HP 2000 Time-Sharing BASIC computer with 16 terminals which anybody was allowed to use completely free of charge.
It was created by Branimir Makanec and his colleagues , Tatjana Carev-Maruna, Vjekoslav Pavić, Željko Reljić, Stjepan Rodek and Božidar Vrabić.
The HP2000E computer was purchased in 1972 for US$150,000 from Yugoslav state funds after a chance encounter between Branimir Makanec and a high ranking Yugoslav politician at a trade fair.
On weekdays the center was primarily used by secondary schools in Zagreb to introduce their pupils and teachers to IT by teaching them to program in elementary BASIC.
The Harrison Commercial Historic District, in Harrison, Idaho, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
The historic district includes most of the rebuilt area including six brick buildings dating from 1917 or shortly thereafter, and a metal grain elevator built in 1955 which is the only non-contributing structure in the district.
Huoshaoyun () is a mountain with significant lead-zinc deposit in the disputed region of Aksai Chin in Hetian County in Xinjiang, China.
All registered voters will be able to vote at Beau Sejour on 13 and 14 July, and in the parish in which they are registered on 16 and 17 July.
The 38 members of the States will be elected from a single nationwide constituency by plurality-at-large voting, with voters being able to cast up to 38 votes.
The South American Qualification Tournament for the 2020 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was a volleyball tournament for men's national teams held in Mostazal, Chile from 10 to 12 January 2020.
The top four teams from the 2019 South American Championship which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Summer Olympics qualified for this tournament.
Born in Duisburg, Danzberg began his career with hometown club MSV, later playing with FC Bayern Munich, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Freiburger FC and Eintracht Gelsenkirchen.
In 2009 he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease; in 2012 he moved into a nursing home in Dorsten, where he lived until his death at the age of 79 in December 2019.
He was involved in the Manhattan Project and by the time of his death was one of the last living scientists involved in it.
Nerses Krikorian was born in Harput, Ottoman Empire in January 1921 to Armenian parents Hachig and Lucy Krikorian, who had married in 1919.
He had two brothers (Arthur and Mike), one born in Aleppo, Syria and the youngest one in the US and a sister, Dorothy Krikorian.
The family settled in Niagara Falls, New York, where his father worked in a factory, while his mother was a homemaker.
In 1943 Krikorian began working at Union Carbide as a radiation chemist, working in a lab that made highly enriched uranium for the Manhattan Project.
When Project Rover was canceled in 1972, Krikorian joined a new intelligence unit at Los Alamos National Laboratory upon the invitation of lab director Harold Agnew.
They married in March 1948 and in 1951 had their only child, Debra Krikorian, who went on to become an army lieutenant colonel.
He died at his home in Los Alamos on April 18, 2018 and was buried next to his wife at Santa Fe National Cemetery.
His papers were concerned with everything from laser isotope separation and high-temperature reactor materials to directed-energy nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons testing.
Wolfgang Osthoff (17 March 1927 – 29 July 2008) was a German musicologist and professor (ordinarius) for historical musicology at the University of Würzburg.
Born in Halle as son of the musicologist Helmuth Osthoff, Osthoff received his musical education from Kurt Hessenberg (sound composition) and Kurt Thomas (conducting) in Frankfurt.
He studied musicology with his father and with Thrasybulos Georgiades, from whom he received his doctorate in Heidelberg in 1954 and with whom he habilitated in Munich in 1965.
Osthoff was active in national and international scientific societies and academies; for over a quarter of a century he was responsible for musicology at the Sapienza University of Rome.
He was a member of the presidency of the Hans Pfitzner Society, a scientific member or on the advisory board of the German Study Centre in Venice, the Istituto Nazionale di Studi Verdiani Parma, the Beethoven House in Bonn, the Music History Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the Stefan George Society in Bingen.
The main fields of work of this scholar with a wide range of scientific expertise were Italian music of the 15th to 19th centuries, in particular the work of Claudio Monteverdi and Giuseppe Verdi, Viennese Classicism with a focus on Ludwig van Beethoven and the music of the first half of the 20th century.
In his reflections on the relationship between music and language, the work of Stefan George was of outstanding importance to him.
Ian Edward Skidmore (16 May 1929 – 3 October 2013) was an English-born writer and broadcaster who spent most of his career in Wales, and became best known as a presenter on BBC Radio Wales and BBC Radio 4.
As a sergeant in the 7th Armoured Division, he was sent to Germany in 1948 to cover the Berlin Airlift and began broadcasting on British Forces Radio.
He and his first wife, Leah, were divorced, and in 1971 he relocated to Anglesey with his second wife Celia, who was also a journalist.
In 1998 he received a Golden Microphone award for his work with the BBC in Wales, but he was later dropped by Radio Wales.
In 2001, he reported two Welsh nationalists to the Commission for Racial Equality, claiming that their comments about the English were tantamount to racism.
In quarterfinals, two teams that have passed the 5 rounds of qualifications are joined by the current top 6 teams in regular season of the 2019–20 PlusLiga.
Delegates are (1) elected at conventions, (2) from slates submitted by the candidates, (3) selected by the state chairman or (4) at committee meetings or (5) elected directly at the caucuses and primaries.<br>Until the delegates are actually elected the delegate numbers are by nature projections, but it is only in the nonbinding caucus states where they are not allocated at the primary or caucus date.
Bush and George W. Bush sought a second term in 1992 and 2004, respectively; and Democrats scrapped some of their primaries when Bill Clinton and Barack Obama were seeking reelection in 1996 and 2012, respectively.
Only Hawaii was among the cancelled races to officially appoint their pledged delegates immediately to incumbent President Donald Trump in 2019.
The table below shows the four candidates that have either (a) held public office, (b) been included in a minimum of five independent national polls, or (c) received substantial media coverage.
As President Trump is running unopposed in several state primaries, and caucuses have been cancelled in order to grant him binding delegations by fiat, only contested elections will be listed below.
Victor Valentin Dreyer (15 February 1866 – 7 May 1944), known in religious life as Colomban Dreyer, was a French prelate of the Catholic Church who worked as a missionary bishop in North Africa and in the diplomatic service of the Holy See as the Apostolic Delegate to Indochina.
On 27 June 1923, Pope Pius XI named him a titular bishop and the first Apostolic Vicar of the Rabat, Morocco.
Born in Massachusetts, he graduated from MIT and became an architect in Grand Rapids, Michigan and Minneapolis, Minnesota before settling in Spokane, Washington in 1888.
Chan previously served as barangay captain of Pajo, Lapu-Lapu from 2013 to 2019 and as a member of the City Council from 2001 to 2010.
They also designed Van Doren Hall and the Veterinary Science Building on the campus of Washington State University in Pullman, Washington.
The 1944 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 35th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
3rd Class is an upcoming Kannada film directed by Ashok Dev starring Nam Jagadeesh, Roopika and Divya Rao in the lead roles.
The film crew decided to help poor auto drivers and blind people instead of spending the money on banners as part of promoting their film.
The soundtrack of the movie launched by blinds students, Orphanage students and retired Indian Army as along team have distributed insurance bonds to 200 students worth of Rs.
The 2020 Women's African Olympic Qualification Tournament will be a volleyball tournament for women's national teams to be held in Yaoundé, Cameroon from 5 to 9 January 2020.
It was one of the three largest women's rights organizations in Romania, alongside Liga Drepturile si Datoriile Femeii and Liga Femeilor Române.
On Saturday night, December 28, 2019, the seventh night of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah, a masked African-American man wielding a large knife or machete invaded the home of a Hasidic rabbi in Monsey, Rockland County, New York, where a Hanukkah party was underway, and began stabbing the guests.
The suspect's car was spotted by a license plate reader on the George Washington Bridge nearly two hours later, and the suspect was taken into custody without incident by New York City police.
The suspect was arraigned in a Rockland County court and pleaded not guilty to five counts of attempted murder and one count of first-degree burglary.
Rockland County, which includes the hamlet of Monsey, is noted for having the largest percentage of Jewish residents per capita of any U.S. county — a total of 31.4 percent (90,000).
The incident took place in the home of Rabbi Chaim Rottenberg, where almost 100 people had gathered to watch the rabbi light the candles and to celebrate a Hanukkah party, on the seventh night of Hanukkah, December 28, 2019.
Around 10 p.m., a man with his face covered by a scarf entered the house and immediately began stabbing bystanders with a large knife or machete.
The suspect then fled the house and attempted to enter the synagogue next door, Congregation Netzach Yisroel, also headed by Rottenberg, but the doors had been locked to prevent his entry.
At 11:45 p.m., a license plate reader on the George Washington Bridge captured the license plate of the car as it entered New York City; New York City police stopped the car in Harlem and arrested the driver without incident after midnight.
His father had entered the United States illegally and was granted amnesty under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
Thomas has been arrested at least seven times since 2001, on charges which include assault, resisting arrest, killing or injuring a police animal, driving under the influence, possessing controlled substances, and menacing a police or peace officer.
Thomas is also under investigation on suspicion of having committed a previous stabbing attack on an Orthodox Jewish man on his way to the early prayer service at 5:30 a.m. on November 20, 2019; the victim was critically injured.
Thomas' lawyer issued a statement on behalf of his family asserting Thomas had no known history of antisemitism and did not belong to any hate groups.
Thomas was arraigned on December 29, 2019, and pleaded not guilty to five counts of attempted murder and one count of first-degree burglary.
The crime has sparked a discussion about the impact of recent New York State bail reforms which require courts to release individuals on non monetary conditions for almost all misdemeanors and non violent felonies, as well as burglary and robbery in the second degree, regardless of whether the crime is a hate crime.
As in the other Baltic countries, no political organizations could exist prior to the introduction of Parliamentatism in Russia in 1905.
The Empire State Building, also known as the Great Western Savings and Loan Building, is a historic building in Spokane, Washington.
It was designed by architect John K. Dow, and built in 1899 for Charles Sweeny, an investor who had served under Union Army General George Armstrong Custer during the American Civil War of 1861-1865.
The facility, which was designed in the Italianate style, was built as a private residence known as Basford House and completed in around 1850.
A local trust acquired the building and converted into a maternity hospital, as a lasting memorial to soldiers who died in the First World War, in 1925.
Bernardhus Van Leer (1687–January 1790) was a German-American physician Centenarian, who was father of American Revolutionary War Captain Samuel Van Leer and physician Benjamin van Leer.
Dr. Bernardhus Van Leer was born in Germany to Johann and Mary van Lohr or Van Leer, one of William Penn’s first investors His family was from Birstein in Hesse and he immigrated to the New World at age 11 in 1698.
His great-great-grandfather Hans von Leer or sometimes von Lähr fought for the Swiss in the Battle of Grandson After spending seven years back in Europe, where he qualified as a physician, Dr. Van Leer maintained an exclusive office practice, which was unique for the time.
Dr. Van Leer's son Captain Samuel Van Leer would later play an important role in American history as a revolutionary war soldier.
This is the complete list of number-one albums in Finland in 2020 according to the Official Finnish Charts compiled by Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
It was designed by architect John K. Dow in the Renaissance Revival style, and built by Peter Peterson in 1901 for businessman F. Lewis Clark, the founder of the Spokane Club.
Frasco was recently elected as President of the League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP) – Cebu Chapter and as National Vice President of LMP.
The 2020 Women's Volleyball North American Olympic Qualification Tournament will be a volleyball tournament for women's national teams to be held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from 10 to 12 January 2020.
The 2019 NORCECA Champions Cup champions which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Olympic Games and the top three teams from the 2019 NORCECA Championship which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Olympic Games or this tournament qualified for this tournament.
The men's 75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 8 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
It includes a list of awards for winners of competitions or records, a list of awards by the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, various other awards and list of aviation halls of fame.
It was designed by architect Albert Held in the Renaissance Revival style, and built in 1905 at a cost of $200,000 for the Holley-Mason Hardware Company.
The 2020 Women's Volleyball South American Olympic Qualification Tournament was a volleyball tournament for women's national teams held in Bogota, Colombia from 7 to 9 January 2020.
The top four teams from the 2019 South American Championship which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Olympic Games qualified for this tournament.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
In 2002, the life expectancy of the reservoir (the duration before it is filled with sediment) was estimated at 30 years.
The catchment of the reservoir is 7.44 km² large, with a perimeter of 14.23 km and a length of 5840 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
The catchment of the reservoir is 1.21 km² large, with a perimeter of 4.62 km and a length of 1780 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
It was designed by Hubbell & Dow in the Classical Revival style, and built as a four-story building in 1906-1907 for Levi Hutton and his wife, May Arkwright Hutton.
In this year she also won a marathon event for the first time: the Amsterdam Marathon with a time of 2:28:35.
She is a Member of the National Assembly since the 2014 election, and a Member of the Executive Board of the Hungarian Socialist Party, since 2018.
Jesse MacLachlan (born March 26, 1990) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 35th district since 2015.
Carlo Colonna was born on November 17, 1665 in Rome, Italy, the third child of Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, prince and duke of Paliano, and Maria Mancini, niece of Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin.
She served in the Napoleonic army dressed as a man in 1806-1812, under Andoche Junot during the Peninsular War, and was promoted to sergeant and lieutenant.
She is known as one of the three women (alongside Anne Biget and Marie-Jeanne Schellinck) rumoured to have been given the Legion of Honour by Napoleon I.
Tariq Lamptey (born 30 September 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Brighton & Hove Albion and England U20‘s.
Lamptey became the seventh academy graduate to make a first-team appearance during Frank Lampard's managerial tenure at Chelsea, following in the footsteps of Mason Mount, Billy Gilmour, Reece James, Marc Guehi, Tino Anjorin and Ian Maatsen.
On 31 January 2020, the winter transfer deadline day, Lamptey completed a permanent transfer to Brighton & Hove Albion F.C., signing a three and a half year deal.
Powdermill Run drains of area, receives about 43.7 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 426.12, and has an average water temperature of 8.17°C.
The March Revolution is the name for a series of events taking place in Copenhagen in Denmark in March 1848, which utlimately resulted in the introduction of the Constitution of Denmark and the abolition of absolute monarchy in Denmark.
One And Only (Japanese ワンアンドオンリー, foaled 23 February 2011) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for his win in the 2014 Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby).
He showed great promise as a juvenile in 2013 when he won two of his six races including the Grade 3 Radio Nikkei Hai Nisai Stakes.
In the following year he ran second in the Yayoi Sho and fourth in the Satsuki Sho before taking the Tokyo Yushun and added another major success in autumn when he won the Kobe Shimbun Hai.
He finished third in the Dubai Sheema Classic on his first appearance as a four-year-old but was disappointing thereafter as he failed to win or place in nineteen subsequent races.
He was from the fourth crop of foals sired by Heart's Cry a horse whose wins included the Arima Kinen and the Dubai Sheema Classic.
One And Only's dam Virtue showed some racing ability, winning three times from 27 starts in Japan between 2004 and 2008.
She was a female-line descendant of the American broodmare Courtly Dee (foaled 1968), making her a relative of Arch, Green Desert and Bayern.
On his racecourse debut One And Only finished unplaced in a contest for previously unraced juveniles at Kokura Racecourse on 4 August and the finished second to Prokris in a maiden race over 1600 metres at Hanshin Racecourse a month later.
Racing over the same course and distance on 29 September he recorded his first success as he won a maiden from seventeen opponents.
He was then stepped up in class and finished second in the Listed Hagi Stakes at Kyoto Racecourse before running sixth to Isla Bonita in the Grade 3 Tokyo Sports Hai Nisai Stakes at Tokyo Racecourse on 16 November.
Christophe Lemaire took the ride when the colt started at odds of 12.7/1 for the Grade 3 Radio Nikkei Hai Nisai Stakes over 1200 metres at Hanshin on 21 December.
After racing in mid-division for most of the way he produced a strong late run to take the lead in the last 50 metres and won by one and a quarter lengths from Azuma Shuttle.
In the official Japanese rankings for 2013, One And Only was rated the fourth-best juvenile colt (level with Isla Bonita), behind Asia Express Shonan Achieve and Win Full Bloom.
He began his second season in the Yayoi Sho (a major trial race for the Satsuki Sho) over 2000 metres at Nakayama Racecourse on 9 March.
Starting at odds of 8.8/1 he raced in mid-division before producing a strong late run on the outside but failed by a nose to catch the favourite To The World.
He was last of the eighteen runners for most of the way before finishing strongly to come home fourth behind Isla Bonita, To The World and Win Full Bloom, beaten less than two lengths by the winner.
On 1 June One And Only was stepped up in distance for the 81st running of the Japanese Derby over 2400 metres at Tokyo and was made the 4.6/1 third favourite behind Isla Bonita and To The World.
The other thirteen runners included Red Reveur (Hanshin Juvenile Fillies), Hagino Hybrid (Kyoto Shimbun Hai) Meiner Frost (Mainichi Hai), Shonan Lagoon (Aoba Sho) and Tagano Grandpa (Falcon Stakes).
One An Only settled in fifth place before moving into contention early in the straight and got the better of a sustained struggle with Isla Bonita to win by three quarters of a length with a length and a half back to Meiner Frost in third place.
He was unable to make a good start in the previous race but he broke well today and I was able to race him in striking position.
After a break of almost four months One And Only returned to the track on 28 September for the Kobe Shimbun Hai (a trial race for the Kikuka Sho) over 2400 metres at Hanshin and started the odds-on favourite against fifteen opponents, the best fancied of whom were Satono Aladdin, Tosen Stardom (Kisaragi Sho), Win Full Bloom and Hagino Hybrid.
After racing towards the rear he moved up on the outside on the final turn, took the lead in the straight and rallied after being overtaken by Sounds of Earth to regain the advantage and win by a head, with Toho Jackal a further head away in third.
One And Only started favourite for the Kikuka Sho at Kyoto four weeks later but after racing on the outside for most of the way he was unable to make any progress in the straight and came home ninth behind Toho Jackal, beaten seven and a half lengths by the winner.
On his two remaining races of 2014 the colt was matched against top class older horses but made little impact as he ran seventh behind Epiphaneia in the Japan Cup on 30 November and thirteenth behind Gentildonna in the Arima Kinen on 28 December.
In the 2014 World's Best Racehorse Rankings, One And Only was given a rating of 119, making the 62nd best horse in the world.
In January 2015 One And Only finished second Isla Bonita in the poll to determine the JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Colt, receiving 109 votes to his rival's 170.
One And Only began his third campaign with a trip to the United Arab Emirates to contest the Dubai Sheema Classic over 2400 metres at Meydan Racecourse.
He produced one of his best performances as he took third place behind Dolniya and Flintshire with Designs On Rome, Just The Judge, Main Sequence and Harp Star running unplaced.
He failed to reproduce his best form in five other races that year, finishing unplaced in the Takarazuka Kinen, Kyoto Daishoten, Tenno Sho, Japan Cup and Arima Kinen.
The horse continued to race against top class opposition but never looked likely to win again, finishing unplaced in all six of his starts in 2016 and finishing no better than fifth in eight attempts in the following year.
After he was retired from racing at the end of 2017, One And Only began his career as a breeding stallion at the Arrow Stud in Hokkaido.
She was born in East Germany, but in 1986, three years before the changes that finally adumbrated an end to the one-party dictatorship, she managed to escape to the west.
After passing her Abitur (school leaving exams), which under most circumstances would have cleared the path to university-level education, she was enrolled on a traineeship in a hospital.
In 1986 she succeeded in smuggling herself into West Berlin, apparently taking an indirect route that included, during the most critical stage in the exercise, three hours in the boot of a car from the west.
This was followed by a lengthy stay in Sweden where one of the ways in which she supported herself was by undertaking translation work on programmes for radio stations.
She went on to study Germanistics and Philosophy at the US-backed Free University in the part of the city known before 1990 as West Berlin.
Then, in 1998, Askan moved to Germany's western media capital, Cologne, where she supports herself as a freelance author and Swedish language translator.
Set in Berlin, it deals with the lives in the German Democratic Republic of three different characters and the destruction of their three individual dreams.
She has also authored a number of radio pieces for Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg's Ohrenbär, a producer of radio programmes for children aged between four and eight.
This was also the first event under direction of David Castera, who replaced Etienne Lavigne when he stepped down from the role in March 2019 after 15 years in charge.
Spaniard Carlos Sainz won his third Dakar with a third different make, his first with the new Mini JCW X-Raid buggy.
In the motorcycle class, American Ricky Brabec became the first person from North America to win any class in the Dakar Rally.
Chilean rider Ignacio Casale won his third Dakar rally in the quad category after returning from his brief foray into the UTV class in 2019.
The rally was marred by the fatal accidents of Portuguese motorcyclist Paulo Gonçalves on stage 7 and Dutch motorcyclist Edwin Straver on stage 11.
and South American governments have degraded over the last few years for a variety of reasons, including the disqualification of Bolivian favourite Juan Carlos Salvatierra from the quad class in 2019.
The rally started from Jeddah, headed north along the Red Sea, passed through Red Sea Project towards ambitious city project Neom.
After the rest day the rally headed south to the Arabian Desert, across the dunes of the Empty Quarter, then south-east into the Eastern Province as far as Shubaytah, and then back north-west to finish in Qiddiya.
As the rally moved out of South America, the proportion of South American entrants had logically decreased, however it had still strong with 42 vehicle entries.
The roadbooks, which are now in color, on six stages were handed out 15 minutes prior to the start of the timed sector.
The aim was reduce competitive advantage of the big teams and to rebalance the parameters in favour of the less professional entries.
In order to eliminate cheating with technology only affordable by the largest teams, all unapproved competitor electronic devices needed to be locked in a sealed compartment during the race.
This year all UTV's were homogenized into a single FIA T3 category for lightweight buggies (< 900 kg) with an engine size less than 1,000 cc.
Fitted with restrictors, UTV's were sub-categorized into T3.S (production vehicles) limited to 120 km/h and T3.P (prototypes) limited to 130 km/h.
Another Polish sportsman Sebastian Rozwadowski, co-driver to Benediktas Vanagas became ill with tropical virus while on holidays, and was forced to withdraw.
Filipe was to start the event as Boris Garafulic co-driver until Boris announced his withdrawal from 2020 rally due to political situation in Chile.
Stéphane Peterhansel was due to start with his wife Andrea as co-driver, however, pre-race medical tests revealed a health concern, and Andrea withdrew.
In addition to injuring his back, the rollcage of his vehicle was damaged enough to rule him out of starting the rally.
Artur Ardavichus could not resolve issues with his license in time and gave up his place in the team to fellow-Kazakh Denis Berezovskiy.
Quads are subdivided into the two-wheel drive quads with engine capacity limited to 750cc and the four-wheel drive quads with engine capacity limited to 900cc.
T1 - the most common Cars class, it is a prototype vehicle, built of a tubular frame, with fiberglass or carbon bodywork shell.
The are essentially mobile workshops on T4.1 or T4.2 base, built to carry parts and assist their teams vehicles in other categories.
OPEN - includes vehicles meeting technical standards different from those of the FIA, such as the American SCORE regulation, electric vehicles or powered by alternative energy sources.
Competitors are only allowed to bring 1 headlight, 1 set of wheels, 1 set of tyres, 1 tent with sleeping bag and mattress, 1 travel bag and 1x 25L backpack.
On 12 January 2020, Portuguese motorcycle rider Paulo Gonçalves suffered a crash 276 kilometres into Stage 7 and went into cardiac arrest following severe trauma to the head, neck and backbone.
Several riders stopped to attempt to aid Gonçalves before paramedics arrived, but Gonçalves was declared dead upon arrival at the hospital.
On 16 January 2020 during the 11th stage, Dutch KTM rider Edwin Straver crashed his motorcycle and suffered a fractured cervical vertebra.
Straver was listed in critical condition and remained in a coma for several days before being transported back to the Netherlands.
After receiving diagnosis of significant brain damage from the crash, Straver's family elected to cease assisted respiration, and Straver died on January 24, 2020.
She was elected from the legislative assembly constituency on behalf of the TDP in 2001 by a margin of 19,368 votes.
The song is about his relationship with his girlfriend and how important it is to there for each other in good and bad times.
In 1980 Ivanytsia was drafted to armed forces as part of compulsory military service in the Soviet Union and served in the sports company in Lviv, but later returned to the club.
In 1982 he moved to FC Frunzenets Sumy and already in Sumy Ivanytsia enrolled in a local economic faculty of the Sumy Institute of National Economy.
In 1992 the head coach of Zakarpattia Yuriy Chyrkov invited him as an assistant back to the club and where until 2013 Ivanytsia stayed performing various coaching functions including the club's head coach.
During that time along with Yuriy Kalitvintsev and Viktor Ryashko led the club to promotions to the Ukrainian Premier League including the 2008–09 season during which Ivanytsia performed as the head coach.
The 2020 24H Touring Car Endurance Series powered by Hankook was the fifth season of the Touring Car Endurance Series (TCES).
She is remembered in particular for accompanying the successful Catalan-language singer Lluís Llach since he embarked on his career in the late 1960s.
Born on 3 July 1940 in Barcelona, Almerich studied piano at the Barcelona Conservatory before concentrating on the guitar under Renata Tarragó.
It was Tarragó who introduced her to Nova Cançó as the second guitar on Maria del Mar Bonet's first record in 1967.
When for political reasons, Llach had to perform outside of Spain, he always used his initial savings to have Almerich come and join him.
Prospero Colonna was born on 27 Nov 1662 in the Castle di Marino, Marino, Lazio near Rome, the second child of Filippo Colonna and Cleria Cesarini.
Walter Narchi (born September 2, 1929 in São Paulo, † June 23, 2004 in São Paulo) was a Brazilian marine biologist.
He mainly researched the anatomy of bivalvia and from 1960 to 2004 wrote over 60 papers, some with original descriptions of new species of this class.
His doctorate was supervised by the German scientist of Jewish ancestry Ernst Marcus (1893–1968), who emigrated to Brazil in 1936 with his wife Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus.
From January to December 1967, he conducted research at the Pacific Marine Station, Dillon Beach, Marin County, California, where he was assisted by Director Edmund H. Smith.
Back in Brazil, Narchi accepted Paulo Sawaya's invitation in 1968 to found and oversee the zoology department of the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Rio Claro, today Universidade Estadual Paulista, while at the same time working as a researcher in the zoology department of the University of São Paulo.
In 1977, at the invitation of Brian Morton from the University of Hong Kong, Narchi took part in the First International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and South China in Hong Kong.
From 1977 to 1981 he was head of the zoological department of the Institute of Biosciences at the University of São Paulo.
He married his wife Estela Aparecida Narchi (born Pasqualini, born 1932 in Santa Ernestina, São Paulo), who also studied natural history at the University of São Paulo and taught biology as a high school teacher.
After field trips in the state of Bahia, Narchi recognized the need to create a marine national park in the Abrolhos region in 1969 and initiated this together with Aílton Brandão Joly and Eduardo Cyrino de Oliveira-Filho.
From 1981 to 1991, Narchi continued as president of the Sociedade Brasileira de Malacologia (SBM) (Brazilian Malacozoological Society) for environmental protection and for the promotion of malacology in Brazil.
Due to the restrictions of the customary gender segregation which was imposed upon the women of the harem, they could seldom leave the harem, and their contact with the outside world normally have to take place through an intermediary.
Because they generally could not have contact with men, it was difficult for them to conduct their business, as merchants and businesspeople were generally men.
Because muslim women were all subjected to gender segregation, albeit less strict for the working classes, the ideal intermediary were a non-muslim woman, who could pass freely in and out from the harem, as well as interact more freely with businessmen herself.
The often Jewish male merchants who sold clothing, jewels and luxury goods to the women of the imperal harem could not be admitted themselwes to the harem to show their products because they were men, so a custom developed in which their goods where displayed by their wives.
She could win the confidence of the women, and eventually be asked to perform other tasks as well for the harem women, such as acting as secretaries, handling their correspondance, acquiring medicines and performing medical treatmens, and perform various business tasks for them, acting as their economic agents.
This was particularly the case for educated Jewish elite women from Spain and Italy, who were literate and more educated than the harem women, who were often slaves.
It is unconfirmed whether kira was a formal position in the Ottoman court, or whether it was simply an informal phenomena.
After working in Australia for several years, he moved to the Morobe district of the Territory of New Guinea, working at Wau.
He joined the Public Service Association, becoming a representative of the Wau branch, and helped set up the Wau Timber Workers Union in the early 1960s.
Having been a member of the Australian Labor Party for many years, Bloomfield contested the Kaindi Open constituency in Papua New Guinea's first multi-racial general elections in 1964, making speeches in both English and Pidgin.
Without a strong support base, his strategy was to win on the preference votes, asking voters to put him as their second preference.
The strategy was successful as he was elected to the new House of Assembly after overtaking his closest rival on the eighth count.
Sentientist Politics: A Theory of Global Inter-Species Justice is a 2019 book by the English political theorist Alasdair Cochrane, published by Oxford University Press.
In the latter, Cochrane defended the interest-based rights approach, according to which some animals have rights on the basis of their strong interests, and these rights must be protected as a matter of justice.
Sentient animals, Cochrane argued, often have rights not to be made to suffer or to be killed, but the generally lack an interest in (and thus a right to) freedom.
It is this thought with which Cochrane begins the book, which is ultimately an attempt to explore what that would mean.
Thus, unlike Donaldson and Kymlicka, Cochrane places little importance on where an animal lives, human relationships to the animals, and state borders.
Though Cochrane sees cosmopolitanism and animal rights as natural bedfellows, few theorists of animal rights had considered obligations to animals across borders, and very few cosmopolitan theorists had considered what their approach means for human/animal relationships.
Ideas from the book were also presented at conferences and other events at the University of Birmingham, the University of Edinburgh, Newcastle University, the University of Leeds, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Fribourg prior to publication.
In the introduction, Cochrane outline the goals of the book and positions it as a contribution to the political turn in animal ethics that is novel for its cosmpolitanism.
On the other hand, it is distinct from existing cosmopolitan theory for its rejection of the moral import of species membership, and not just of borders.
Instead, he defends the claim that all sentient animals (human and otherwise) possess equal moral worth, defending the principle of the equal consideration of interests.
Cochrane nonetheless rejects the utilitarianism of Peter Singer, with which that principle is associated, for failing to recognise the ultimate value of individuals.
These political institutions can achieve what would be impossible for individuals; can provide security; and can determine what equal consideration means in practice.
Cochrane argues for a sentientist democracy, one with the participation of animal representatives, who can serve as trustees of political communities' nonhuman members.
Animals cannot be protected, it is argued, through legal means – even a Bill of Sentient Rights – alone; instead, determinate interpretations of human duties to animals, accountability of rulers to animals, and the self-determination of political communities call for the democratic inclusion of animals.
Drawing on ideas from green democratic theory, Cochrane argues that animal representatives could be selected by dedicated deliberative assemblies made up of humans selected by lottery.
The chapter is concluded with an explanation of how conflicting interests of many animals can come together into a single understanding of the public good.
The existing Westphalian system, he argues, will fail to adequately protect animals because of coordination problems, an inability to deal with transnational impacts of national policies, and the risk of partiality in favour of states' own members.
Cochrane instead turns to the all-affected interests principle as a means to determine who constitutes the people entitled to a say on particular matters.
However, even if the all-affected interests principle may seem to be what the equal consideration of interests demands, it naturally results in something like a world state.
Cochrane instead advocates cosmopolitan democracy, which draws boundaries to approximate who will be affected by fixing a series of overlapping political units, from the local to the transnational.
Cochrane closes the chapter by responding to three objections to cosmopolitan democracy: the fact that equal consideration under cosmopolitan democracy is imperfect; the challenge of determining boundaries; and that it is unfeasible.
Cochrane first addresses, and rejects, Donaldson and Kymlicka's positive arguments for wild-animal sovereignty, arguing that non-interference does not necessarily lead to wild animals flourishing, and that sovereignty is not required for animals' rights concerning their land to be protected.
First, he argues that cosmopolitan free movement will not allow humans to seize and destroy animals' spaces for their own purposes.
Third, he argues that duties of assistance owed to wild animals to alleviate their suffering do not require or even permit large-scale interventions in nature, such as restructuring ecosystems.
Cochrane argues that, though the constraints imposed on individuals by his sentientist cosmopolitan democracy may seem illiberal, the value and rights of animals (like the value and rights of humans) justify these constraints.
Similarly, he argues that constraints on the actions of groups, including ethnic groups, are justified to protect animals, challenging a range of arguments to the contrary.
He argues that existing and potential international law protects animals, while other sources of internationally recognised animal rights could be human-rights regimes.
Cochrane closes the chapter by noting that civil disobedience and other extra-legal forms of change agitation on behalf of animals may be justified, but that this must be judged on a case-by-case basis.
The book also calls for a restructuring of political activism, and Cochrane closes the book with a call to animal activists to pay more attention to political change, with the ultimate aim of transforming existing political systems.
She argued that, for Cochrane, the realisation of cosmopolitan values is not a precondition of animals' rights being respected; it is simply a theory he chose.
Not only, she says, are cosmopolitan institutions deeply unlikely to be achieved in even the long term, but cosmopolitan theorists are hostile or indifferent to animals.
On the other hand, she says, the liberal status quo can find some room for animals, and working within it can have practical benefits for animals.
I believe that liberalism provides us with enough tools to challenge speciesism, and I will continue to work with those tools until such a time as I am confident that they will be replaced with a different set of instruments.
In his response, Cochrane argued that there is room for both pragmatic and utopian approaches to political theory, and that the latter has value; that cosmopolitanism is not as utopian as it may first seem; and that all political principles (not just cosmopolitanism) are contested.
Adenitire challenged Cochrane's claims about animal interests in liberty and in not being property, and rejected the Kantian notion of autonomy that he endorses.
For him, this again rises from Cochrane's reluctance to see animals as having an interest in controlling their own lives, which leads him to reject Donaldson and Kymlicka's account of animal sovereignty.
Against Cochrane, Adenitire argues that wild animals can validly make claims to sovereignty, and thus that Cochrane's burdensome paternalism can be rejected.
This could mean that a liberal sentientist constitutionalist state should discourage domestication, making proposals about the just treatment of domesticated animals redundant in the long term.
It was the question of whether the international community should tolerate non-intervention, Johannsen argued, that distinguishes duties of justice from mere humanitarian duties on Cochrane's theory.
Politically he supported the Traditionalist cause, mostly as a Carlist and for some time as a Mellista; since 1933 he headed the party provincial organisation in Gipuzkoa.
He is known chiefly as one of key people behind the anti-Republican conspiracy in the vasco-navarrese area in the spring of 1936; thanks to his position of a businessman and army supplier, he procured arms and munitions for the rebels.
In 1937 he was for 5 months the provincial Gipuzkoan leader of the Francoist state party, Falange Española Tradicionalista, but was shortly ousted as a zealous Carlist, non-compliant with the official regime ideology.
The Basque family of Tellería was first noted in the Gipuzkoan county of Vergara in the 16th century and parish documents confirm their presence in the town of Antzuola since the early 18th century.
The first direct ancestor of Agustín which can be traced is his strictly paternal great-grandfather Silvestre Antonio Tellería Ugalde, married to Clara Ignacia Lascurain Argarate and living in Antzuola in the early 19th century.
None of the sources consulted provides any information on what they did for a living; the couple settled in their native town and had at least 9 children, born between 1833 and 1854.
Their third son and Agustín’s father, Jose Cipriano Telleria Oyarzabal (1849-1938), in 1877 married Micaela Ynurrita Gorosabel; the couple had 2 children, both daughters.
Following early death of his wife in 1882, one year later Telleria Oyarzabal re-married with Maria Esteban Mendizábal Elgarresta (died 1913), a girl from the nearby village of Urretxu and descendant to a family which already had been related to the Tellerías.
Tellería Oyarzabal owned one of 4 manufactures operational in the municipality and developed it into the most successful one, with branches in other Gipuzkoan locations; it produced belts, footwear, holsters, saddles and other leather goods, mostly for the army.
Agustín was born into considerable wealth; it is not clear whether apart from two half-sisters from the first marriage of his father he had any other siblings; sources do not mention any.
At unspecified time prior to 1913 Tellería wed Maria Legorburu from the nearby Gabiria (died after 1959); close to nothing is known about her family, except that it was of distinguished noble past and that the families had already intermarried.
The couple settled in Antzuola and had at least 10 children: Mercedes, Blanca, María Luisa, Vicente, Juan, José, José Joaquín, Agustín, Luis and Ignacio Tellería Legorburu.
Together with the entire family in 1905 he co-signed a homage message, directed to the Pope Pius X and protesting alleged masonic manipulations in France.
In the mid-1900s he engaged in the Carlist youth organisation and over time grew to president of the Tolosa branch of Juventud Carlista; it is not clear why he was not active in his native Vergara arm of the structures.
he entered the committee headed by the provincial jefé Tirso de Olazabal and entrusted with organizing a grand regional Traditionalist rally in Zumarraga.
Also in the early 1910s Tellería was noted in the press for various protests in defense of religion and aimed against perceived blasphemous initiatives and incidents.
In the late 1910s Tellería was not recorded either in Traditionalist or religious organizations, and studies on Carlism of the era do not mention his name.
At that time the movement was increasingly fragmented due to a conflict between the key theorist, Juan Vázquez de Mella, and the claimant Don Jaime.
Most of the Gipuzkoan party leaders tended to side with the former, who advocated a grand ultra-right alliance with dynastic threads played down; Tellería followed the same path.
When the crisis erupted during a showdown of early 1919, he joined the rebels – to be known as Mellistas – and broke away.
In late 1919 he agreed to represent the emerging new grouping in the race to the Cortes, and was officially reported as standing in the election campaign from the district of San Sebastián.
It is not clear whether he eventually withdrew or was defeated, as none of the press titles of the era provided details on the number of votes he could have gathered.
In the early 1920s the Mellistas tried to build their own organisation, but the process went on slowly with many defections along the way.
It seems that Tellería’s party activity ceased; if referred in the press in the mid- and late 1920s, it is only on social columns or in sporting sections, noted as sponsor of rowing teams.
Following the fall of Primo Tellería resumed political activity, from the onset oriented towards re-unification of Traditionalist factions: the Jaimistas, the Integristas, and the Mellistas.
The press reported his frenetic propaganda activity, at times also beyond Gipuzkoa and even beyond Vascongadas, though his paramilitary tasks were carried out in the shadow.
At one point in 1933 the unofficial co-ordinator of nationwide requeté structures, colonel José Varela, relieved Tellería of his duties in Navarre, where Ignacio Baleztena took over.
In the party hierarchy this was more than compensated when in October 1933 Tellería replaced Bernardo de Elió y Elió, marques de Hormazas, as the Carlist provincial jefé in Gipuzkoa.
Apart from the usual propaganda activities, in 1933 he stood in the province as a Traditionalist candidate for the Cortes; though his 27,614 votes made a decent showing, he failed to make it to the parliament.
In 1934-1935 he kept going with his usual duties, at times speaking to large crowds, and writing single pieces to Traditionalist periodicals.
In the national party executive, split between cautious followers of the former leader conde Rodezno and adamant supporters of the new jefé Fal Conde, he sided with the latter.
Following the electoral triumph of Popular Front in February 1936 the Carlists were already set towards a violent overthrow of the republican regime.
However, the party executive was divided over the strategy to be adopted: Fal and his followers were gearing up for a stand-alone, exclusive Carlist rising, while another group preferred to join the military when they decide to move.
Though he held some very vague preliminary talks with PNV on their participation in the plot, his key task was securing the military logistics.
As early as in March he engineered a hoax, which sent metalworking products ordered for a bogus Bilbao customer shipped to Belgium, while 17 cases with hundreds of pistols and rifles, produced in the same Eibar plant and destined for Belgium, were delivered to Bilbao.
As the Carlist plan envisioned that at one point volunteers disguised as Guardia Civil would take control of key ministry offices in Madrid, Tellería took care of getting the uniforms ready.
Also in early March and as official supplier of leather products for the army, he managed to get hundreds of benemerita uniforms, produced on his order in Zaragoza, to be delivered to a Carlist depot in Madrid.
The republican security services got wind of the plan and stepped in; it did not take them long to identify Tellería as the key man behind the scheme.
Following some shuttling between the arrests in Pamplona and Zaragoza, in late June Tellería was transferred to the Dirección General de Seguridad arrest in Madrid.
He survived the deadly fire of the prison of August 22-24 and then numerous repeated militia raids, usually ending with extraction of political prisoners and their ultimate execution.
He assumed a false identity, made friends with some CNT militiamen, started to pose as one of them and – according to his own account – has even penetrated into their offices.
In early November he managed to arrange a travel to Valencia to obtain a passport, which in turn would enable him to return to Vascongadas.
He took the train to Saint-Jean-de-Luz, where he saw the Carlist regent, and by mid-November he returned to Antzuola, since late September controlled by the Carlists.
In March 1937 the Republican court in Bilbao in course of formal proceedings declared Tellería guilty of rebellion and sentenced him to prison; the same ruling was applied to his son, one month earlier killed in action.
In course of one of key meetings in Burgos he questioned the legality of Consejo de la Tradición, a body formed by the Rodeznistas as part of their strategy to overpower Fal.
At this role he tried to ignore the Falangists, to pay due respect to the army and to advance Traditionalism as the political cause; when leading preparations to the first anniversary of Nationalist troops taking San Sebastián, he tried to format the gala as an exalted Carlist spectacle.
On March 20, 1939 he lost control over his car on a slippery, poorly maintained road in Betoño, near Vitoria; he survived the crash, but perished the following day in a hospital.
The funeral was attended by Rodezno, civil and military governors, president of the Alavese diputación and the mayor of San Sebastián.
Genise Montecillo (born January 6, 1963) is an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017.
In 2011, the tech platforms of the company were showcased at the Mobile World Congress that is the world's largest exhibition for the mobile industry in Barcelona by Oracle.
Some of the largest global giants like JCB use Queppelin's VR platforms for their training and marketing solutions on Virtual Reality.
Her older brother Ralph Sutton was also a jazz pianist in the Harlem stride piano style, and with his help she started performing in her teens.
Barbara Sutton Curtis was regularly featured on programs of American jazz festivals, including the 1977 Inverness Music Festival, the 1988 DuMaurier Downtown Jazz Festival in Toronto, the 1991 Mid America Jazz Festival in St. Louis, the Peninsula Jazz Party in Menlo Park, California, the Sacramento Traditional Jazz Festival, the Fats Waller Memorial Jazz Festival, and the Santa Rosa Dixieland Jazz Festival.
She acted as a go-between and provided luxury items, medicine and letters for the women of the harem, and became the favoured kira of Hafsa Sultan.
When Hafsa Sultan became mother of the sultan in 1520, she successfully asked her son to grant the descendants of Strongilah the right to freedom from any taxes and the right to own slaves, a permit that was renewed five times until 1867.
Strongilah is known to have had a room in the harem, because it is noted that the fire of the harem in 1541 caused her personal material losses.
Due to the fact that they were several kira's working in the Imperial Harem in parallel, and that they are seldom documented by name (the different kiras are normally referred to only as kira, kyra, or Kyra Jewess), it is difficult to identify individual kira's and separate them from each other.
In 1532, Hafsa Sultan sent a kira to act as a messenger to the Venetian ambassador Pietro Zen, and while the personal name of the kira is not mentioned, it was likely Strongilah.
She was possibly the same kira who cured an eye illness of an unidentified sultan's mother and was greatly awarded for this.
As she is mentioned to have a room in the harem in 1541, and Hafsa died in 1534, she appears to have continued her career in the career after the death of Hafsa Sultan.
The facility has its origins in the Dearnley Union Workhouse which was designed by George Woodhouse and Edward Potts and opened in November 1877.
It became the Dearnley Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and joined the National Health Service as Birch Hill Hospital in 1948.
The site was subsequently sold to Persimmon for residential use: the developers have retained the clock tower as part of the new development.
She married Gisulf II of Friuli, and became the mother of the sons Tasso, Kakko, Radoald and Grimoald, and the daughters Appa and Geila (or Gaila), married to the King of the Alemanni (uncertain) and the Prince of the Bavarians, probably Garibald II of Bavaria.
Gisulf II died on the battle field, and the Avars besieged the main capital Friuli, which was defended by Romilda, who had taken command as regent.
Romilda famously offered the Avarian king Cacan to surrender the city peacefully, if he accepted her peace offering by a marriage between them.
He reportedly spent one night with Romilda and raped her, after which he allowed her to be raped by his soldiers.
Romilda has been given av very bad reputation in history because Paul the Deacon, who in his chronicle from the following century claimed that she made the offer of marriage to Cacan out of personal attraction and betrayed her city out of sexual lust.
However, to make peace through proposal of a marriage alliance was in fact a common and accepted political peace method of the time.
Chiong previously served as mayor when he assumed the position after the death of his brother and then mayor Ferdinand Chiong.
Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media.
It was founded in today's city of Massa Marittima and expanded to cover an area corresponding to the current upper Maremma.
It represented a commercial power of regional level, through its thriving mining district, thanks to the copper, alum and silver deposits of which its territory was rich.
The ancient city of Populonia mainly linked its economy to the processing of raw iron, transported by ship from the mines of the Island of Elba, since the Etruscan and Roman periods.
However, due to the increase in pirate raids and the concomitant development of mining activities in the hinterland, Populonia entered a period of heavy decline which led to a change in the territorial balance in the area.
The city of Massa benefited greatly from this centuries-old process and, from the 11th century, it witnessed the movement of the episcopal see within its walls.
Thanks to its strategic position it was in fact possible to control a large area of the Colline Metallifere rich in precious metals.
This fortunate feature allowed the development of the village at the foot of the castle of Monteregio, an elegant domain of the bishop, and in the area of the square where today the major city buildings and the Cathedral stand, dedicated to San Cerbone, ancient bishop of Populonia.
The advent of the thirteenth century opened a flourishing period for Massa Marittima, which saw its population grow rapidly, thanks to an improvement in living conditions, greater safety of the mines and increased wealth of the inhabitants.
On April 21, 1216, by the will of the bishop-prince Albert II, Massa Marittima swears allegiance to Pisa to enjoy his military protection.
This great economic rise, driven in particular by the resumption of mining activities, in conjunction with a progressive debt of the bishops, made possible the birth of the community of Massa, in the form of a city republic.
With prior agreement between Bishop Alberto II and the Massetani of 31 July 1225, drawn up by the imperial notary Rolando, the prince-bishop publicly renounced his government over the city in exchange for the payment of the debt of six thousand pounds of Pisan money that he had contracted with Sienese lenders.
On 1 November of the same year, the day of All Saints, while the Massetani in Montieri paid a thousand silver marks of Massa to Ranieri di Raullo and his companions from Siena to settle the debt of the bishop, the Vicedomino Sigerio of Orlandino Galleana was named first mayor of the Republic.
From 1241 the political balance of the city brought the Massetana Republic to a progressive approach to the Republic of Siena, sanctioned by an official alliance between the two.
Massa Marittima lived up to the agreements and in 1260 supported its friend Siena at the battle of Monteaperti, with a contingent of 100 soldiers.
The political clash between the Ghibellines and Massa's Guelphs led the Republic of Siena to erect itself as guarantor of the inner peace of the city, shaken by strong conflicts between the noble Pannocchieschi family and the municipality.
The Republic of Massa participated in the Guelph coalition formed by Florence and Siena to attack the city of Arezzo, guilty of having driven the Guelph exponents from its territory.
After attacking various minor castles and besieging Arezzo, the Sienese and Massa army, strong with 3,000 infantrymen and 400 cavalrymen, was defeated by the Aretine army at the Giostre del Toppo on 26 June 1288.
Massa, however, managed to avenge this defeat with the victory of Campaldino the following year, where the Guelph coalition defeated the Ghibelline army led by Arezzo.
In 1313 Republic of Massa supported the Republic of Siena in a military action in the Pisan territory up to Piombino to free the ally Lucca, which was then part of the Guelph league, from the siege led by Uguccione della Faggiola.
After various negotiations and disagreements with the Pannocchieschi for possession of that, the noble family decided to donate the country by renouncing their rights to it and the Republic of Massa took advantage of the situation and immediately occupied the village.
However, this upset the Sienese, who claimed to boast the right of ownership over it and sent their ambassadors to Maremma.
Given the refusal of Massa Marittima to the ally's requests, the league between the two cities was broken and the Republic of Siena declared that it wanted to take Gerfalco by force.
The Sienese army then arrived in Gerfalco, led by Captain Paolo di Guido Baglioni and besieged the castle, until on June 30, 1318 the Council of Massa decided to make the village so as to appease the two states and form a new league.
However, the enmity with the Sienese remained very strong in the citizens of Masseto, so much so that a popular uprising led by Niccoluccio Todini broke out in the city, who defenestrated and killed the Sienese podestà of Massa Niccoluccio Mignanelli.
In order not to start a war with Siena, the city senate decided to punish the leader of the revolt with exile.
The latter, attracted by the rich silver mines and their profits, occupied the Montieri district militarily by virtue of an imperial diploma of 1160 with which Frederick I, recognized the rights of that land to the city of the Maremma.
Massa, however, could not benefit from this conquest for a long time because already the following year she was forced to recognize half of the castle and the mines to the Republic of Siena, after receiving an ultimatum from the Sienese ambassadors who would otherwise have led to the war with the ally.
In 1330 Massa turned against Siena, the Sienese mayor was driven out and in his place the Florentine Lanzante Foraboschi was appointed.
The Sienese who at that time had greatly increased their strength in Maremma attacked the territories of the Republic of Massa taking Perolla, Gavorrano, Colonna and Monterotondo (probably corrupting the soldiers).
Given the heavy losses suffered in the initial phase of the conflict, the Sienese Niccolò Cerretani was appointed to Massa to try to sign a truce in the clashes.
On 12 December 1330 the troops of the Republic of Siena attempted a first assault on the Maremma city by corrupting some members of the Ghiozzi and Galluti families in order to make the enemy army penetrate the city through the doors of their buildings.
But discovered the treason, the Massetian army foiled the attack, defeating the Sienese troops in the current Via Valle Aspra and pushing them out of the city.
Seeing his own territory surrounded by the Sienese who have become hostile, Massa decided to seek help from the Republic of Pisa, placing himself under his protection.
On 3 June 1331 the league between the two cities was then sanctioned in an anti-Sienese function, welcoming the Pisan captain Dino della Rocca into the walls of Massa.
On 14 December 1332 in the plain of Giuncarico they clashed with the enemy troops, strong of 2000 infantrymen and 400 knights, led by the War Captain of the Republic of Siena Guidoriccio da Fogliano and Moscata Piccolomini.
The retreat of the Sienese troops must have seemed to the troops led by Dino della Rocca a real retreat, so much so that he launched himself eagerly against the enemy.
This decision made the Pisan-Massetano army lose compactness and made their troops more exposed to the counterattack of the Sienese army which had now taken up its position.
The Massetans were defeated by the battle, losing 200 soldiers, 6 military banners and Captain Dino della Rocca, who was taken prisoner together with 200 other soldiers.
The defeat of Giuncarico greatly damaged the Republic of Massa, which was forced to ask the enemy for a two-month truce for the great famine and shortage of goods that followed.
Despite the position of military superiority in which the Sienese army found itself after the field victory, which would have seen them favored in a possible direct attack on Massa, it was decided by the Siena government to accept the proposed truce.
Following new requests for help sent to Pisa, an army of 800 knights arrived in Maremma led by the exiled Florentine Ciupo Scolari, with the captains Roberto dalla Rocca, Piero delle Statere, Cellino dal Colle and Benedetto Maccaione dei Gualandi, in support of the cause Massetana.
In February 1333 he then took the via di Orgia, Stigliano and Torri; reaches Rosia and approached Siena putting all the castles, villages and houses encountered on his way to fire and then return to Massa.
The war captain of Siena, Guidoriccio da Fogliano, although he had superior forces, with an army made up of 800 knights and 7000 infantrymen, after the help from Arezzo and Perugia, decided to avoid the field battle, limiting himself to following the enemy.
This prudence of his was seen as excessive and for this reason his behavior was later suspected of intelligence with Pisa.
Florence therefore wanted to intervene to promote peace and put pressure on Pope John XXII to appoint his bishop as peacemaker above the parties.
On September 4, 1333, a peace treaty was signed in Florence, the result of a compromise between the parties: the troops of Pisa would have left the Massa territory free, Siena would have to return the lands occupied during the war and the Republic of Florence was appointed lordship to guard of the Republic of Massa for three years.
With the signing of the peace treaties, through the episcopal award of Florence, all citizens, fled or driven out during the war, were given the opportunity to return to their cities.
This point of the award gave the possibility of returning to their homes even to the exiles from Masseto who had proved to be pro-Sienese and who had been exiled for this fact.
Thus it was that the members of the Ghiozzi and Galluti families also returned to their city, returning to their own buildings and assets, which had been confiscated for treason, after the failed assault of the troops of Siena on 12 December 1330.
The pro-Sienese faction, led once again by Ghiozzi and Galluti, resumed contact with the enemy who at that time was engaged with their army in Maremma, for the definitive pacification of Grosseto after some anti-Sienese riots that occurred in the city.
With the complicity of the pro-Sienese faction, the Porta all'Arialla (the current Porta al Salnitro) was left openlate at night, so that enemy troops could enter at the appointed time.
So it was that on the morning of August 24, 1335 the army of the Republic of Siena, led by Captain Jacopo Gabrielli, secretly entered the city and together with the citizens who had organized the betrayal, they took all the defensive positions of the Old City surprising the citizens in their sleep.
The Todini, Beccucci and Butigni families, however, managed to escape the massacre and fortified themselves in the fortress of the New City, trying to resist the enemy assault, waiting for reinforcements from Pisa, which never came.
After more than a year of siege, the surrender was decided, signed regularly by the Masset ambassadors on October 5, 1336, ending the freedom of the Republic of Massa.
During the period of domination of the Republic of Siena, a last popular uprising was attempted in 1338 to drive the Sienese militias that occupied Massa from the city.
The revolt led by Francesco Luti and Messer Ciambellano managed at first to drive out the Sienese podestà Francesco Malavolti, but was subsequently quelled with the arrival from Siena of 500 soldiers led by Francesco Accarigi.
Following these events, the government of the Republic of Siena decided to build the Sienese Cassero and a new section of walls that would separate Massa between Città Nuova and Città Vecchia in two, in order to prevent any new attempt to revolt in Siena.
The Republic of Massa was governed by seven elders and the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia, assisted by nine gentlemen who formed the government, and who took turns every fifteen days to define the priors, two effective and one alternate.
A podestà, or Captain, with Vicar or Judge Assessor, a Judge of Appeals and a Major Council appointed by the nine lords every December 18, and composed of 90 councilors, with a minimum age of 25 years, including 30 for each quarter of the city.
Every 200 citizens of each third party, between 20 and 50 years of age, constituted a People's Society or Militias, and for every need, they had the burden of rushing to the public square, where they had the obligation to gather all citizens to place themselves at their orders in defense of the Republic.
In a period of strong political opposition between the Emperor and the Pope, Massa found himself almost always taking positions close to the republics of Pisa and Siena, the two neighboring powers.
This characteristic, obviously dictated by the disparity of organizational and military forces against Massa, led the Republic of Massa to be of the Ghibelline faction until 1280 and subsequently Guelph.
However, such behavior was held only for reasons of foreign policy of proximity to Siena: the majority of the citizens of Massa were in fact part of the Guelphs.
Such a situation led to a growing internal rivalry with the greater Massa noble family of the Pannocchieschi, part of the Ghibellines, who forcefully meddled in city affairs, siding against the city that hosted them, until Massa banned them and confiscated their assets.
The Pannocchieschi, who were strongly supported in Siena, placed themselves under the Sienese tutelage allowing a strong intrusion of the Tuscan city in the Massa affairs.
In 1263, to avenge the banished Pannocchieschi, Siena intervened energetically and forced Massa to exile those of its citizens who were enemies of the Ghibelline family and with the Sienese-Massetan league of 1276 they were able to return to Massa.
Although the foreign policy pursued by Massa has been a good neighborhood for a long time, both with Pisa and with the Republic of Siena, rivalries with the municipality of Volterra were frequent.
In 1250 the enmities intensified to such an extent that Volterra declared war on the Republic of Massa, which called Siena for help, who intervened to avoid the conflict and pacify the two Tuscan cities.
Despite the Sienese interposition, the rivalry with Volterra remained very strong, so much so that a second peace was signed on October 16, 1270.
In 1318 there were conflicts with Pisa and the noble Appiani for the control of the castles of Valle and Montioni Vecchio, which resolved with political compromises between the parties with the payment of an annual tribute to the Bishop of Massa.
During the thirteenth century the need arose to create an official text in order to collect the customs and information that had accumulated over centuries of mining.
This citizen will led to the drafting of the Massetian Mining Code, of such importance for the legislation of the local economy to be included in the municipal statute of Massa Marittima of 1311-1325.
The Code represents one of the oldest mining legislation documents in Europe, having been drawn up before 1294, younger only than that of Trento (1227), Hierges and Iglau (1249).
The extractive legislation of Massa represented the model of inspiration for similar documents of the other Tuscan powers, such as the 14th century Sienese Code and the Pisan code of 1302 relating to the Sardinian mines of Iglesias and the iron mines of the Island of Elba.
The meticulous organization had to guarantee the Massa's mines a rational production, without interruptions of the workings and with a high quality of the extracted metals.
In order to be able to bear the heavy expenses necessary for the metal production activity, mining companies were set up, in which entrepreneurs and miners participated for share capital.
In the event that a citizen had discovered a new mineral deposit, it would have been his right to be able to derive profits from its exploitation.
To enjoy this right, it was mandatory to report the deposit with a particular cross-shaped sign, to be placed where the excavations would begin (within a maximum of three days).
Although the Mining Code recognized anyone the right to open a mine (at a minimum distance of 20 meters from the pre-existing ones), it obliged the discoverer not to suspend the works for more than a month and three days, under penalty of losing all rights on the deposit discovered.
Following the great commercial growth that involved Massa in the thirteenth century, it was decided to beat its own currency as it had already been done for some time in the other Tuscan republics.
On 11 April 1317, in the town hall, a contract was drawn up between some members of the Benzi family, rich Sienese merchants of the Wool Guild, represented by Niccolino di Giacomino and the Municipality of Massa, represented by the mayor Muccio of the late Buonaventura Scussetti, to start a company whose purpose is to beat money.
The Benzi undertook to provide the necessary equipment for the opening of the Mint of Massa while the Municipality of Massa undertook to purchase a building to be made available to the nascent Mint.
The contract shows that for the fees relating to typing, for the weight characteristics and for the title of the massane coins, those in force in the Sienese mint were taken, for example.
It was established that the citizens of Masseto who had owned silver mines, would have to bring their metal to the nascent municipal mint to obtain the equivalent in money, from which a small percentage was used to sustain the costs of the mint.
The profit generated by this mechanism would go in part to the zecchiere and in part to the municipality of Massa.
The mint of the Republic of Massa was located in the Mint Palace (in the current via Norma Parenti) and was certainly active for a year, until May 1318.
The mint was opened by the authority of the Municipality with the aim of minting three types of coins: the large twenty-denier silver, the six-denier silver gross and the small mixture.
Currently, two variants of the big money are known, three variants of the Small money and no gross, which was also absent in the monetary circulation of the time.
It was probably decided not to coin it for the lack of luck that the coinage of this type of coin had had in other cities.
To avoid possible differences with the Sienese ally, it was decided to use weight and alloy equivalent to the coins produced in Siena, so as to allow their normal use in transactions with neighboring nations.
In fact, from 1252, the year of minting the Golden Florin, the gold coinage replaced the silver one, establishing itself in the great international and national transactions, effectively limiting the silver coins (mineral of which the territory of Massa was rich) to payment of smaller amounts.
The coins of Massa that we have witness to today are: the Grosso agontano massano of 20 denarii and the small Denaro.
Britney Spears contributions to music, film, fashion, dance, and popular culture alongside with her attitude has influenced many other artists in the world.
References with list of artists influenced by Madonna or profile's biographies like AllMusic are acceptable only if written by authoritative authors, like Stephen Thomas Erlewine's AllMusic.
The High Priestess of Athena Polias was the High Priestess of the Godess Athena Polias, the protectiive city deity of Ancient Athens, on the temple of Parthenon at Acropolis of Athens.
It was the highest religious office in Ancient Athens, and its official enjoyed great prestige and played an official role which was otherwise uncommon in Ancient Athens.
Several occasions is mentioned when she made her influence known in historical events of importance, and she is known to have influenced offices by recommendation.
She supervised the city cult of Athena, and was the chief of the lesser officials, such as the plyntrides, arrephoroi and kanephoroi.
She was the high priest of one of the three cults of the Acropolis of Athens: the other two were the High Priest of Poseidon-Erecheteusand the Priestess of Athena Nike.
John Trebilcock (born August 17, 1973) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 98th district from 2002 to 2014.
George Loveless (2 February 1797 - 26 December 1874) was a British Methodist preacher and a leader of a group of six agricultural workers who became known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs.
In the early 1830's he represented agricultural labourers from Dorchester in discussions with farmers, who agreed to raise wages to ten shillings a week.
However in Tolpuddle, farmers only agreed to pay nine shillings, and later reduced wages to seven shillings and threatened a further cut to six shillings.
Although trade unionism was not illegal, Loveless and his five co-leaders were found guilty of administering unlawful oaths, a felony under an Act of 1797.
Loveless and his co-defendants (his brother James, their brother-in-law Thomas Standfield, their nephew Thomas Standfield, James Hammett and James Brine) were found guilty at Dorchester Assizes in March 1834, and sentenced to transportation for seven years to the Australian colonies.
On 25 May 1833 Loveless was taken to Portsmouth and set sail for Van Dieman's Land, arriving on 4 September 1833.
On hearing the news, Loveless refused immediate free passage back to Britain as he has some months previously written to his wife requesting that she join him.
Once he had confirmation that she was not travelling to him, he departed on 30 January 1837 to Britain and arrive in London in June.
Loveless died on 6 March 1874 at his farm in Siloam, Ontario, and was survived by his wife Elizabeth and five children.
Lund was born on 21 April 1855 in Odense, the son of master shoemaker Niels Martin Lund (1819-72) og Abelone Aagaard (1824-90).
He then started to work as an assistant in his uncle Carl Frederik Aagaard's studio before going on a study trip to Munich, Vienna and Italy.
Lund soon gained recognition for his technical skill and was in 1889 selected for decorating the Danish pavilion at the Exposition Universelle (1889) in Paris.
The try gave you an attempt to get a score by means of the conversion; if the conversion was missed then it did not benefit the try scoring team.
A justice of the peace, Strickland was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1966 New Year Honours, for services to the people of the Cook Islands, especially in the field of public welfare.
After a gap year, she studied history at Royal Holloway, University of London from 2005, graduating with a BA in 2008, and an MA in 2009.
In 2013 she was selected as one of the BBC Expert Women, and took part in a training programme that improved women's media and communication skills.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 2nd congressional district, and overlaps with the 13th, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, and 40th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The catchment of the reservoir is 9.71 km² large, with a perimeter of 14.24 km and a length of 4960 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built by the Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources, for purpose of livestock watering and human water consumption.
In 2002, the life expectancy of the reservoir (the duration before it is filled with sediment) was estimated at 21 years.
The catchment of the reservoir is 17.16 km² large, with a perimeter of 20.38 km and a length of 4910 metres.
Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
However TOGG says they will be developed and produced domestically, will allow a range up to 500 km, the standard Turkish socket (which is 230V) will provide a full charge overnight, and fast charging will allow charging to 80% within 30 minutes.
Garlands bearers formed a popular design in Classical arts, from the Greco-Roman world to India, with ramifications as far as China.
The design reached a peak of popularity in the 2nd century CE, adorning sarcophagi made in Asia Minor to be sold in Rome.
The battalion has an important operational role in the early months of the Iran-Iraq War and a prominent role in the Liberation of Khorramshahr.
Khorramshahr was finally occupied by Iraqi Army on 26 October 1980, after 34 days of resistance and street fighting against those.
He began his professional racing career in 1972 and began competing in the AMA motocross national championships on a privateer CZ.
His performance earned him a place on the Maico factory team for the 1974 season in which he ended the year ranked third in the AMA 500cc motocross national championship behind Jimmy Weinert and Tony DiStefano.
He improved on his performance in 1975 when he rode his Maico to a career-best second place finish behind Weinert in the final standings of the AMA 500cc motocross national championship.
Stackable was hired by the Suzuki factory motocross team in 1976 in which he finished third in both the 250cc and 500cc Outdoor National classes.
In the 1977 season, Stackable would place third once again in the AMA 500cc motocross national championship, this time behind Bob Hannah and Marty Smith.
Stackable along with DiStefano, Kent Howerton and Gary Semics, represented the United States at the 1977 Motocross des Nations and Trophy des Nations events where they scored impressive second-place finishes in France and Holland, at a time when American motocross racers were still seen as less experienced than their European rivals.
He continued to race until 1981, but without the same level of success and retired from motocross racing at the age of 27.
Interloper are individuals or businesses who breach the monopoly of established guild, livery company or other body granted monopoly trading rights.
The term was used for English merchants who breached the monopoly held by the English East India Company (EIC) over trade between England and the East Indies.
This monopoly forbade English merchants or vessels to trade anywhere from the Cape of Good Hope to Cape Horn without a license from the EIC.
The Madagascar slave trade was part of the Atlantic slave trade, however as it entailed sailing to the east of the Cape of Good Hope, merchants engaging in this trade were generally interlopers.
However the Royal Africa Company (RAC), founded 1660, held a monopoly on trade between England and the west coast of Africa.
They were concerned that the interlopers were trading enslaved Malagasy people, whom they had bought at a cost of 10 shillings, compared to the cost of about £3-4 encountered by the RAC per enslaved African on the West coast of Africa.
In the English colonies in the Americas, the instructions to governors only obliged them to enforce parliamentary legislation and Royal proclamations, whereas the monopolies were only laid out in Royal Charters.
However in the 1690s a number of pirates had settled in Île Sainte-Marie, an island off the east coast of Madagascar.
Such interlopers as the New York merchant, Frederick Philipse and Stephen Delancey, began trading with the pirates selling them such goods as food, drink, guns and ammunition as well as catechisms and bibles.
Frederick's son Adolphus Philipse also participated in this trade, and they were all protected by Benjamin Fletcher, colonial governor of New York.
It was released in the UK in 1995 by Transatlantic Records and later received a release in the US in 1998 via Red House Records.
Their portfolio includes a number of shopping malls in the United States that were owned by GGP Inc. (General Growth Properties) before it was acquired by Brookfield in 2018.
In Medieval Europe, slavery was gradually replaced by serfdom, but a small minority of female slaves long remained common as household servants in wealthy homes.
This created a slave trade in which slaves from the Muslim world was sold to Christian Europe, and slaves from Europe was sold to the Muslim Middle East.
While it was legal for an ancillae to marry, she as well as her children were still slaves, and because this created legal confusion between the legal guardianship of a husband towards his wife and children, it was not well seen for an ancilla to marry, which kept the slave market going.
Most of the ancillae came from the Greek Ortodox Balkans: while Christians, they were not recognized as such by the Catholic church, hense taking them as slaves were considered legal.
The International Economic History Association (IEHA) is an association of national, regional, and international organizations dedicated to the field of economic history, broadly defined.
Headquartered in Utrecht, Netherlands, the IEHA promotes the study of and facilitates collaboration on a variety of projects, publications, and initiatives.
While the IEHA has origins in European historiographies (especially those of France and the United Kingdom), it has since expanded its scope and membership to include economies and scholars outside of traditional areas of research.
The IEHA is most well known for its triannual congress, the World Economic History Congress, an international and interdisciplinary event where over 1,000 economic historians convene each meeting to discuss trends in the field.
At the height of the Cold War in 1960, the IEHA was founded to unite scholars in Western Europe, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
Among economists there were concerns of spurring and sustaining economic growth in many economic history departments in the United Kingdom and the United States.
At the same time, the founding of the IEHA originally stemmed from the work of Fernand Braudel and Immanuel Wallerstein on economic growth in early modern Europe.
European scholars at the conference were more interested in the North-South divide, thus facilitating the developing of African economic history as a whole.
Academics have noted that the hosting of the Congress in Stellenbosch positioned the country to become one of the leading cenrtres of economic history on the African continent.
The opening address, delivered by Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan, recognized the economic and political potential that the conference had for the South African economy.
In 2018, President Anne McCants spoke of the importance of understanding globalization: its origins, its effects on inequality, and the importance of big data.
The Executive Committee oversees the execution of decisions made by the General Assembly, and the Local Organizing Committees are responsible for running the World Economic History Congress.
Every four years (and every three years since 2006), the IEHA hosts a World Economic History Congress (WEHC) on a particular topic in economic history.
The fifth meeting was held in Leningrad, Russia and, by the eighth meeting in Budapest, Hungary, the name was changed to the International Economic History Congress.
The 2011 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 102nd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
The Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, also known as the Wigan Infirmary, is a health facility in Wigan Lane, Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.
The new building, which was designed by Thomas Worthington and Joseph Hanson, was opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1873.
Baldassare Cenci was born on November 1, 1710 in Rome, the fifth of seven children born to Tiberio Cenci and Eleonora Maddalena Costaguti.
She belonged to the first Jewish women of which there is any information outside of the Bible as well as the first of Jeweish businesswomen, and she has been the subject of research.
She is well documented from the Ancient Arameic papyry collections from Elephantine in Egypt, known as the Mond-Cecil papyri in the Cairo Museum and the Bodleian papyri, which ias also named the Mibtahiah archive after her.
Three months after securing a place at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Fox-Reo was offered the role of Nikau, and he chose to give up his place at the academy to accept it.
The character will initially interact with Jade Lennox (Mia Morrissey), who released a sex tape and made a false allegation against Ryder Jackson (Lukas Radovich).
Following a day getting to know each other, they share a kiss on the pier, but face disapproval from Dean Thompson (Patrick O'Connor).
Aboah was born in London, England, to Charles Aboah, a Ghanaian location scout in the fashion industry and former barrister clerk, and Camilla Lowther, a British fashion businesswoman and talent manager.
Aboah is the younger sister of fashion model and activist Adwoa Aboah and a second cousin of fashion model Matilda Lowther.
Aboah was educated at Millfield, a boarding school in Somerset, and later obtained an art degree from the School of Visual Arts in New York City.
The 2012 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 103rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
On 14 October 2012, Kilworth won the championship following a 2-15 to 2-13 defeat of Kanturk in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.
She rented land from the crown for cultivating, she invested in buildings, traded in barley and metal, and had a net of business agents through which she bought and sold silver, wood, wool, food and perfume.
While it does not appear to have been uncommon for women to conduct business, as it was regarded as a part of the household duties, no other businesswoman and her transactions from this period or before is as well documented as Ama-e.
Kayini Brooks-Belle (born 23 July 1994) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a forward for Roaring Lions FC and the Anguilla national football team.
Brooks-Belle made his senior international debut on 3 September 2014, coming on as a 17th-minute substitute for Khalid Brooks in a 6-0 defeat to Antigua & Barbuda during Caribbean Cup qualifying.
The men's 82.5 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 9 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
The Greenmarket Square refugee sit-in is an ongoing sit-in protest by a group of refugees for the purpose of getting relocated to a country outside of South Africa in response to xenophobia in the country.
The sit-in started when around 250 protestors encamped outside the Cape Town offices of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) on the 8 October 2019, a month after the xenophobic motivated 2019 Johannesburg riots took place.
The protestors demanded that UNHCR assist them with being relocated to a third country outside of South Africa and other than their country of origin.
The protest grew to include about 624 protestors, including 65 undocumented refugees, according to a lawyer for the South African Department of Home Affairs.
Initially starting at the UNHCR offices at the Waldorf Archade on the east side of Greenmarket Square the sit-in moved to the Central Methodist Mission church on the square's west side after protesters were evicted on the 30th October 2019.
By the 25 November around fifty of the protestors had accepted offers to be resettled in other parts of South Africa.
The protestors again rejected a 27 January 2020 offer by the City of Cape Town to be resettled in Cape Town stating that they did not want to be sent back to the communities that they were trying to escape from.
In December 2019 the City of Cape Town sort a court order granting them powers to arrest protestors for violating municipal by-laws.
The court found that the city had to ensure that the human rights of protestors be protected before any penalties for infringing by-laws could be implemented.
Concerns were raised about acts of violence between factions of protestors, sanitary conditions, as well as fire safety and overcrowding inside the Central Methodist Church.
UNHCR stated that their demands to be moved on mass to a third country were impossible as UNHCR can only process resettlement on a strict individual basis established by receiving countries.
Following the October eviction from the Waldorf Archade one of the sit-in leaders was accused of violently assaulting a group of religious leaders, including Anglican Archbishop Thabo Makgoba, during a meeting at the Central Methodist Mission.
By late December 2019 the protestors had split into two hostile groups with one side lead by Jean-Pierre Balous and another by Papy Sukami.
Sukami, was accused by two Congolese journalists of assault and robbery; Sukami denied the accusation but was arrested on charges relating to the event in early January 2020 following the arrest of Balous.
After the death of her spouse Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer in 1756, she inherited his company, which had the privilege of delivering wood fuel to the royal court.
In 1771, she was one of only three women to pay tax as merchants in Copenhagen, and in 1772 one of three women members of the Grosserer-Societet (GS).
In 1772, she was rich enough to send her private merchant fleet to Danish West Indies with relief help after a hurricane.
Renatus Bellott (died 1709) was a Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Mitchell in Cornwall from 1702 to 1705.
Rolf von Sydow (born June 18, 1924 in Wiesbaden; died June 16, 2019 in Berlin) was a German film director and author.
Pang Chiu Yin (; born 12 October 1995) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Yuen Long.
From 1994 until 2003 he worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Econometry of the University of Zielona Góra.
From 2003 until 2007 he was a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology.
In the years 1976-1980 Cupała cooperated with publishing houses of the Workers' Defence Committee and the Committee for Social Self-Defense KOR.
During martial law in Poland he was briefly interned from 18 February to 15 March 1982 in an internment camp in Nysa.
He was the editor of Orange Alternative magazine and together with Major Waldemar Fydrych created the first two dwarves, with one painted on a Transformer in the Sępolno district and the other on an apartment building in Biskupin.
At secondary school, her entry in a school poetry award judged by Lauris Edmond was highly commended, and at university she took a writing workshop taught by C.K.
She completed an MA (Hons) in Languages and Literature from the University of Auckland in 1986, and later an MA in Creative Writing from Victoria University of Wellington.
In 2012, she was one of three New Zealand and three German poets in another collaborative writing project, the Transit of Venus Poetry Exchange.
She was Auckland University Writer in Residence at the Michael King Writers' Centre in 2008, and the Katherine Mansfield Fellow in Menton in 2011.
Night Wall I is a sculpture by Louise Nevelson, installed outside Hauser Hall at Harvard Law School, on the Harvard University campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
It was restored and reinstalled in 2013; funding for the restoration was provided by the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Harvard Law School.
Ahmed Kazım Kıvılcım (Born* 1876 in Kemah, Ottoman Empire, † May 6, 1951 in Istanbul) was a Turkish Brigadier General of the Army (Türk Kara Kuvvetleri).
Kıvılcım completed his training as an officer at the Army School (Kara Harp Okulu) after completing school, which he completed in 1895 as a lieutenant (Teğmen).
He then found use in infantry units and completed training at the Army Academy (Kara Harp Akademisi) in 1898, which he completed as Chief of Staff (Kurmay Yüzbaşı).
After the War of Liberation, he was promoted to Brigadier General (Tuğgeneral) in 1924 and initially commanded the 9th Division before becoming Head of the Directorate General for Cartography (Harita Genel Müdürlüğü) on July 26, 1926 and held this post until September 2, 1928.
He was then a member of the Supreme Military Appeal Court (Yüksek Askerî Temyiz) and later commander of the 23rd division.
The KTM 125 FRR (also known as the KTM RC 125) was a racing motorcycle made by KTM, which was used in the 125cc class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 2003 until 2011.
When the bike originally debuted in 2003, it was equipped with a single-cylinder 2-stroke engine as per class regulations at the time.
Previous year's world championship Arnaud Vincent was brought on board to drive for the team, but he was replaced only after nine races by the Finn Mika Kallio instead.
The reason for this change was that the Frenchman was unrealistic about what could be achieved that year - although he rarely voiced such criticism in public.
In February of 2003, it was announced that Locatelli and KTM would not attend the IRTA tests in Jerez due to delays in the production of their 125 FRR machine During the tests in April of 2003, the KTM team said it 'needed more time' to improve their form and pace.
The team frequently struggled during the season, but the high point came late in the season when Kallio scored its first podium in the form of second place at the 2003 Malaysian Grand Prix.
He scored a third place for the team at the opening round in South Africa, improving this result at the Italian GP when he narrowly lost out on victory to Roberto Locatelli.
By round 6 in the Netherlands, Stoner had scored KTM's first ever pole position on Saturday yet another podium on Sunday, this time in the form of third place.
The best result of the year came at the 2004 Malaysian Grand Prix when he won the race, narrowly beating out eventual champion Andrea Dovizioso by only 0.029 seconds.
He then scored his final podium of the year at the penultimate round in Australia, finishing third in front of his home crowd.
Mika Kallio was less consistent, but still managed to score a second place podium - his only of the year - being narrowly beaten by Héctor Barberá at the Portuguese round.
The team scored 204 points, seven podiums - one of which was a victory - and finished third in the constructors championship.
As the team announced that they were going to build a 250cc machine for 2005, Casey Stoner announced he left the team to move up to the 250cc class himself.
The new line-up for this year was expanded from two to three riders and consisted of the Hungarian Gábor Talmácsi and the Spaniard Julián Simón, Mika Kallio staying with the team for the third consecutive year.
Despite none of the drivers winning any world championships, they scored a lot of points and Mika Kallio became vice-world champion, behind Thomas Lüthi, by just five points.
Kallio started the season off well by scoring a second place podium for the team at the season opener in Spain.
At the next race in Portugal, he took the first KTM pole of the year on Saturday and won the race on Sunday by narrowly beating Héctor Faubel by just 0.008 seconds.
He repeated the feat in China but it was teammate Gábor Talmácsi who impressed this time, finishing third where Kallio only finished eleventh.
Kallio took fastest lap and third place at the French round, and took five consecutives pole positions from Italy to Germany.
However, Kallio retired in two of these races (Italy and the Netherlands, Talmácsi winning both of them instead, and Kallio only managing third at the Catalan GP.
He finished second in the Czech Republic, won again in Japan and finished second twice in Malaysia and Qatar, scoring another pole in the process on Saturday.
Talmácsi's form was not as good after the summer break, but he bounced back by winning the race in Qatar and finishing second at the final race in Valencia, Kallio winning it but just missing out on the drivers title.
Overall, the team scored 332 points and became constructors champions for the first time in the 125cc and scored 16 podiums, 8 of which were victories.
After an exceptionally good year in 2005, fortunes would be less good for the KTM team in 2006, despite still winning races.
Gábor Talmácsi left the team and the driver line-up consisted of Mika Kallio and Julián Simón, who both stayed with the team.
Kallio scored the first podium of the season for the team in Qatar and won the Chinese race - beating Mattia Pasini by just 0.097 seconds - after scoring his first podium on Saturday.
In the Netherlands, he won the second race of the season, beating the Spaniard Sergio Gadea to the line by 0.122 seconds, also taking the second pole of the season on Saturday.
In the Czech Republic, Malaysia and Australia he finished second after taking pole on Saturday in Brno and Phillip Island, in Japan he narrowly won ahead of Álvaro Bautista with KTM teammate Julián Simón finishing on the podium for the first and only time of the season, in Portugal he finished third and at the final race in Valencia.
The team scored 267 points, twelve podiums - three of which were victories - and finished second in the constructors championship.
For 2007, KTM decided to reduce its direct commitment to grand prix racing, which took place through the main team supported by a Junior team, preferring to dedicate itself to organizing a single-brand training event called the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup.
Koyama scored his first ever third place podium in Turkey, a feat he bettered when he won KTM's first and only race of the season in Catalunya - narrowly defeating Gábor Talmácsi by just 0.049 seconds.
He scored a third place podium in San Marino and took his final podium of the season at the penultimate round in Malaysia, finishing third in the championship overall.
The team scored 196 points, seven podiums - one of which was a victory - and finished third in the constructors championship.
At the end of the 2008 world championship, KERS was installed, making the team the first to use such a solution in grand prix motorcycle racing.
This year marked the last one as an official Factory entry, as KTM had decided to withdraw its efforts at the end of the 2009 season.
KTM was still struggeling this year, its only high point being the third place podium Márquez grabbed at round 3 in Spain.
Even though the Factory KTM team left the 125cc class in 2009, the bikes continued to be used by one privateer team - the Freudenberg Racing Team - in 2010.
Its wildcard riders however, failed to score any podiums, only scored 6 points and KTM finished fourth in the constructors championship.
It was used by two teams, the Caretta Technology and Freudenberg Racing Team, but none of the riders managed to score any podiums, together managed 29 points and finished fourth in the constructors championship.
She was hired not only by the slaves, but also among white people and slave owners, who also believed in her purported powers.
She was often engaged by white slave owners to perform ceremonies in order to cure suspected so-called Macandal posionings (named after Francois Macandal), in which slaves were suspected of committing suicides, or reveal slave conspiracies.
She was a controversial figure and made friends as well as enemies among both slaves and slave owners, black, white and free people of color.
She was reported to the authorities in 1785 for quackery and accused of trying to encourage a slave rebellion, but hidden by her followers.
On 29 December 2019, the United States conducted airstrikes against Kata'ib Hezbollah's weapons depots and command centers in Iraq and Syria, reportedly killing at least 25 militiamen and wounding 55 more.
The U.S. Department of Defense said the operation was in retaliation for repeated attacks on Iraqi military bases hosting Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) coalition forces, particularly the 27 December 2019 attack on a Kirkuk airbase that left an American civilian contractor dead.
The unilateral U.S. airstrikes were condemned by the Iraqi government, Iraqi Armed Forces personnel, and Iran, and culminated in the U.S. embassy in Baghdad being attacked by Iraqi militiamen and their supporters on 31 December 2019.
This in turn led to a U.S. airstrike near Baghdad International Airport on 3 January 2020, killing Iranian general Qasem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.
The United States intervened in Iraq in 2014 as a part of Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), the U.S.-led mission to degrade and combat the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant terror organization, and have been training and operating alongside Iraqi forces as a part of the anti-ISIL coalition.
ISIL was largely beaten back from Iraq in 2017 during the Iraqi Civil War, with the help of U.S.-backed forces and Sunni and Shia militias.
Iran is known to support Shia Iraqi militias, a number of which are relatively hostile to the U.S. presence in Iraq and the Sunni-led Iraqi government.
Tensions rose between Iran and the U.S. in 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump unilaterally pulled out of the 2015 nuclear deal and reimposed sanctions.
On 27 December 2019, the K-1 Air Base in Kirkuk province, Iraq—one of many Iraqi military bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve coalition personnel—was attacked by more than 30 rockets, killing a U.S. civilian contractor and injuring four U.S. service members and two Iraqi security forces personnel.
At around 11:00 am EST on 29 December 2019, the United States attacked five Kata'ib Hezbollah positions in Iraqi and Syrian territory.
According to the Pentagon, the U.S. targeted three locations in Iraq and two in Syria, including weapon storage facilities and command and control posts.
One U.S. official claimed the strikes were carried out by F-15E fighter jets using precision-guided bombs and that secondary explosions were observed after some of the strikes, indicating the sites may have contained ammunition.
The U.S. did not specify the locations of the strikes, but one of the Iraqi strikes had reportedly targeted the militia group's headquarters in or near al-Qa'im District along the western border with Syria.
According to Iraqi security and militia sources, at least four local Kata'ib Hezbollah commanders were among the dead in the Iraqi strikes, including Abu Ali Khazali.
U.S. President Donald Trump was briefed before and after the strikes by his national security advisors and was informed that a further military response could be warranted.
Hoffman also asserted that the militia has received weapons from Iran's Quds Force that have been used to attack OIR forces.
According to France 24, United State’s Secretary of State Mike Pompeo described the attacks as a message that implies any actions by Iran that endangers the lives of Americans will not be allowed by the U.S.
The Prime Minister also said that the attack did not take place based on evidence, but rather on situations caused by the tensions between Iran and the U.S.
On 31 December, PMU militiamen and their supporters attacked the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, prompting the U.S. to deploy additional soldiers to help quell the situation.
Françoise Leclerc (d. 1739) was a French fashion merchant and seamstress, and the official seamstress of the French queen Marie Leszczyńska.
She was a leading figure of the fashion world in Paris during the 1720s and 1730s, with a large clientele from within the French aristocracy.
She was the sister of a eunuch of the Ottoman sultan (who had been captured and enslaved when he was young), and joined him there as an adult.
Reportedly, she attempted to influence Safiye Sultan (and through her the sultan) to a policy in favour of the Republic of Venice, and by doing so came in conflict with Esperanza Malchi, who had the opposite intention: the two women once came in to open conflict in front of Safiye.
She was first married to Fredrich Christian August Werligh (1795–1841) and toured with his theatre company in Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1830.
She was a successful manager of the Werligh company, which played an important role in both Denmark and Norway during the 1830s and 1840s.
Jean Stanfield is an American politician who was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly to represent the 8th Legislative District on November 5, 2019.
On February 22, 2019 she announced she would not run for a seventh term in 2019 and would resign as Sheriff on May 1 of that year.
After the 8th District's Senator Dawn Addiego switched her party from Republican to Democrat in early 2019, one of the district's sitting Assemblyman Joe Howarth allegedly attempted to do the same.
The Burlington County Republican Party dropped support for Howarth, choosing to instead support former Burlington County Sheriff Stanfield to run with incumbent Ryan Peters.
Stanfield, a resident of Westampton Township, and Peters faced off against Democrats Mark Natale and Gina LaPlaca in the general election.
Contestants from season 1, Ani Alku and Albana Dulellari became the sous chefs for the Red Team and Blue Team respectively.
The red team decide the captain for the blue team and the blue team decide the captain for the red team.
The Swiss Media Database, founded in Zurich in May 1966 is a joint venture of publishing houses Ringier of Zofingen, Tamedia of Zurich, and Swiss Radio and Television.
These deletions have led to controversial discussions — for example on the coverage of Jolanda Spiess-Hegglin, a politician in the canton of Zug who quit the Alternative Green Party a year after a scandal in which she claimed to have been sexually abused by a fellow member of the cantonal parliament.
The Principlists fraction () was one of the two primary parliamentary groups in the 9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the opposition to the majority Followers of Wilayat fraction.
Aylton Ferreira Ananias (born 22 April 1988), known as Aylton Alemão, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a Center Back.
He has played in Brazil with Salgueiro Atlético Clube, Esporte Clube Primeiro Passo Vitória da Conquista, Associação Desportiva Cabofriense, Central and Agremiação Sportiva Arapiraquense, and in Oman with Seeb Club.
Aylton scored a goal for Salgueiro in an aggregate 1–4 defeat to Botofogo-PB in the semi-finals of 2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, helping the club qualify for 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.
The 2019-20 Omaha Mavericks men's ice hockey season was the 23rd season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
Holohan came through the ranks with Kilkenny City in his native Ireland and was picked up by Hull City in 2008.
He went on to spend the next four years with the Tigers but failed to make an appearance, only making the bench once for an FA Cup tie against Wigan Athletic.
Holohan enjoyed a successful campaign in the 2014 season, scoring 8 goals in 32 games and winning the supporters' player of the year award.
He helped Drogheda progress to the quarter-finals of the FAI Cup by scoring 3 goals in 3 games but was one of three Drogheda players sent off in their exit against the eventual champions Derry City.
During his two years at Cork, Holohan won the FAI Cup in 2016 and scored in the President of Ireland's Cup final to help his side win 2-0.
Holohan later joined Galway United and scored his first career hat trick in a 4-1 win over his former side Drogheda United.
Having had to wait for international clearance before being able to play, Holohan eventually broke into the first team and scored his first goal in English football in a 1-1 draw against Aldershot Town in April 2019, an equaliser which ultimately relegated his opponents.
The Clover Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run forty-one times at New York State's Gravesend and Aqueduct racetracks between 1888 and 1932.
The first Clover Stakes was hosted by Gravesend Race Track from inception in 1888 and run through 1908 and then for a last time in 1910.
Passage of the Hart-Agnew anti-betting legislation by the New York Legislature under Governor Charles Evans Hughes led to a compete shutdown of racing in 1911 and 1912 in the state.
Picked up by the operators of the Aqueduct Racetrack, the Clover Stakes returned in 1914 and would run continuously through 1932.
The valuable race then fell victim to the effects of the Great Depression in the United States which forced track owners to cut costs dramatically and eliminate some events in order to provide funding support for others.
The final edition was run on June 15, 1932 and was won by Sonny Whitney's Disdainful, stablemate of his Champion and U.S.
Together with her spouse Francesco Guerra, she was a leader of a famous band of highway robbers who terrorized Campania in 1862-1868 and was defeated by the army, during which she was killed and displayed in public as an example.
She is referred to as the perhaps first trained opera singer in Norway, and the first international opera star of her country.
Reluya's husband, Ricardo Reluya, Jr., filed his candidacy for vice mayor in the 2019 elections but was killed in an ambush on January 22, 2019.
The European Green Deal is a set of policy initiatives brought forward by the European Commission with the overarching aim of making Europe climate neutral in 2050.
An impact assessed plan will also be presented to increase the EU’s greenhouse gas emission reductions target for 2030 to at least 50% and towards 55% compared with 1990 levels.
The plan is to review each existing law on its climate merits, and also introduce new legislation on the circular economy, building renovation, biodiversity, farming and innovation.
Compared to the proposed Green New Deal stimulus package of United States, the planned rate of decarbonisation of the economy is lower, with the EU aiming to become net-zero over three decades instead of within ten years.
Through partnerships with industry and member States, it will support research and innovation on transport technologies, including batteries, clean hydrogen, low-carbon steel making, circular bio-based sectors and the built environment.
which according to Lisan al-Arab book, is a plant that grows in Yemen and its leaf are similar in shape to vine leaf and it is roasted and dried then used over meat.
According to Mutahar al-Iryani, a Yemen historian and poet, the term Ḥalaṣ came from the word Ḥalaḏ̣ (ḥlẓ) that is mentioned in ancient Yemeni inscriptions and it means to suffer from starvation, sickness or pain.
The Lusted Road Bridge, formerly known as the Portland Water Works Bridge, is an iron truss bridge that spans the Sandy River in Sandy, Clackamas County, Oregon, United States.
The west approach of the bridge was located to Bull Run, where it spans the Bull Run River, while its east portion was relocated to its current location in Sandy, where it replaced a pre-existing truss bridge that provided access to Dodge Park.
In the 1980s, the bridge was recognized as one of the state's significant historic bridges, and in 1998, it was rehabilitated by Clackamas County.
In the course of his academic research of Catalan modernism and Antoni Gaudí, he has written several books on the subject.
His work is framed in a figurative but not realistic style, developed in various supports and materials, such as wood, stone or metal, as well as artistic installations.
Made of stainless steel and ceramic on a limestone base, it is conceived as a tribute to the Greek geometer Euclid.
The work consists of four stainless steel railing circles supported by a vertical tube in the center of the diameter, in addition to several metal clamps set in the circles, which hold cylindrical ceramic pieces.
Thirteen of these elements are found, which could refer to the thirteen volumes of the Euclidean treatise, where he exposes his studies on plane geometry, the geometry of space, proportions, greater magnitudes and the properties of numbers amongst others.
That year he won the contest for the elaboration of a statuette awarded to the winners of the Surbisa Prize for rehabilitation in Bilbao, established in 1985.
It is a work of iron and cast stone with a legend of wrought copper and bronze, consisting of an M (for Mollet) around one of whose legs a group of sculpted children is dancing sardana.
As an expert in the work of the modernist architect Antoni Gaudí, he has taught a monographic course on the life and work of Gaudí at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia since 1997.
In the same center he has been in charge of the Research Line Gaudí and Catalan Modernism, the architectural and artistic style of 1900 since 1998.
He has also participated in courses, conferences, seminars and congresses in various universities in Spain, France, United States, Mexico, Italy and Argentina.
As a sculptor he was responsible for the restoration of some of Gaudí's works, such as the gate dragon at Güell Pavilions (1984), commissioned by the Gaudí Chair.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 9 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
Lund was born on 6 April 1846 in Copenhagenm, the son of master shoemaker Carl Lund (c. 1809-1845) and Anne Christine Jensen (1811-1882).
P. C. Elfstrøm, who would later become the managing director of the Raadvaddam Factory north of Copenhagen, had founded the factory in 1859.
The company grew rapidly under his management and the product range was expanded to all types of lacquered, tin plated and enamelware products.
The company obtained a dominant position on the Danish market, also meeting with success in the Norwegian and Swedish markets after established a subsidiary in Malmö in 1879.
The factory in Amager has been demolished, although a street at the site has been named Carl Lunds Cej after Lund.
It was designed by Alfred Jones in the Classical Revival style, and built in 1908 as a store for Kemp & Hebert, a dry goods company co-founded by Spokane businessmen Charles J. Kemp and Henry H. Hebert in 1892.
It was built in 1905 for the Gustav Meese Washington Broom Factory, to replace a previous building destroyed in a fire.
While attending the University of Waterloo, Willsey skipped the Waterloo men's curling team for three of the four years on the team.
In his first year on the team, he won a silver medal for Waterloo at the 2016 OUA championship and led Waterloo to a 2-5 record at the 2016 CIS/CCA Curling Championships, the national university championship.
Following his strong run in university curling, Willsey and his rink of Connor Lawes, Robert Currie and Evan Lilly had a strong season on the 2018-19 World Curling Tour.
The team won two tour events that season, the Stroud Sleeman Cash Spiel and the Huron ReproGraphics Oil Heritage Classic The team would finish the season in 17th place on the Canadian Team Ranking System.
Willsey and his rink was one of the two qualifying teams at the 2019 CurlON Men's Cash Spiel #1, which qualified his rink for the 2020 Ontario Tankard, Willsey's first men's provincial championship.
He previously played college soccer for Indiana University and was most recent recipient of the TopDrawerSoccer.com National Freshman of the Year Award, a national award given to the top freshman college soccer player in the United States.
As a result of phylogenetic analysis, the subfamily Polleniinae was elevated to family rank by Cerretti, et al., in 2019, and assigned the genera listed below.
The facility itself, which was financed by a legacy from Miss Elizabeth Farnworth and by other subscribers, was completed in 1906.
Dangerous Turning (French: Le tournant dangereux) is a 1954 French-Italian drama film directed by Robert Bibal and starring Viviane Romance, Philippe Lemaire and Armand Mestral.
Peter Trosdal Way (August 15, 1937 – October 6, 2018) was an American clergyman and politician who served in the Virginia House of Delegates.
It was first known as the Willard Hotel, and later as the Atlantic Hotel, followed by the Earle Hotel, and finally the Otis Hotel.
Holmes began racing when he ran in go-kart events starting at age 8 and for four years in total, earning 60 wins altogether during that time.
After that, he competed in racing series on both dirt and asphalt, which included winning the championship in the Crate Late Model Division.
Holmes began racing in ARCA in 2016, intending to compete in the season opener at Daytona for Empire Racing in the No.
Bret's father, Stacy Holmes, also is a former racing driver, where he often competed at the Talladega Short Track, where he held the track record until Bret himself broke it in 2013.
James Gallagher (July 19, 1929 – August 4, 2017) was an American football executive who worked for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 1949 to 1995.
He served in the United States Army during the Korean War, and later became the Eagles' director of personnel in 1957.
He held the position of director of public relations for the team for almost 20 years, and was also the director of sales and marketing.
He moved to a position arranging travel details for the team by 1989, and added a title of director of alumni relations in 1990.
He was inducted into the Philadelphia Eagles Honor Roll alongside wide receiver Mike Quick at halftime of the Eagles' game against the New York Giants on November 19, 1995.
Esdra began her career in the mid-1960s attending Rina Morelli's acting school and, when she was very young, was directed on stage by Giorgio Strehler, Luchino Visconti and Luca Ronconi.
Esdra has been also very active on TV and in film dubbing: during the 1990s, she became the official dubber of Winona Ryder and Kim Basinger.
It was built on the site of a former building known as the Great Eastern Building, designed by Herman Preusse and completed in 1890.
Naples Is Always Naples (Italian: Napoli è sempre Napoli) is a 1954 Italian musical drama film directed by Armando Fizzarotti and starring Lea Padovani, Renato Baldini and Ubaldo Lay.
Cedar Snags is a historic landscape area in Shoshone County, Idaho, where stumps of cedar trees remain from the Great Fire of 1910.
The snags are in a swampy area along the Saint Joe River's North Fork, near Bullion Creek, north of Avery, Idaho.
Plagiomnium insigne, the badge moss or coastal leafy moss, is a species of moss found on humus in moist, shaded, lowland forests.
It can be distinguished from magnificent moss by its unisexual plants, leaf edges that extend down the stems for a noticeable length, and 3-6 stalked capsules per plant.
The decision to create an independent Kingdom of Greece from the Three Great Guardian Powers, finalized by the Treaty of Constantinople (1832), poses a dilemma for Greek patriarchal and religious society.
Whether there is an independent Greek (national) church or in the independent state extends the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The government declared the church to be autocephalous in 1833 in a political decision of the Bavarian Regents acting for King Otto, who was a minor.
In the end, the Patriarchate of Constantinople decided on a compromise that catalyzed an incredible Bulgarian national revival and ultimately leads to the Greco-Bulgarian Schism after which Bulgarians were declared ethnophyletists.
Two laws (200 and 201), were inspired by state churches in Protestant countries, in which the monarch is the formal head of the church.
Until the annexation of Thessaly and Arta, the jurisdiction of the national church in Greece extended to the Arta-Volos line, and from 1881 to the present day covered the lands joined to Greece by virtue of the Treaty of Constantinople (1881) (including the Ionian Islands).
Since the 1920s, these territories are in practice administered by the Church of Greece but are formally under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
Kenzō Yagi (5 September 1914 – 18 July 2008) was a Japanese mineralogist and petrologist who specialized in experimental mineralogy and petrology.
Born in Nagano on 5 September 1914, Yagi graduated from the Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Tohoku Imperial University in 1938, where he became assistant professor in 1941.
After obtaining his PhD, he received a research grant from the Fulbright Fellowship to conduct post-doctoral research in the United States.
After working one year at the Colorado School of Mines, he joined the Geophysical Laboratory as a visiting scientist where he studied of the system FeO-AIO-SiO under the supervision of Norman Levi Bowen.
He focused his research mainly the experimental study of pyroxene-bearing systems, such as acmite, Titanium-bearing pyroxene, and fassaite, in order to understand the genesis of nephelinitic magma.
He also devoted time to study of volcanoes in northeast Honshu and meteorites such as the Yamato meteorites found in Antarctica.
In 1996, he filed a lawsuit to stop the construction of the Shihoro Kogen Road in Daisetsuzan National Park Tatsuya Hori, Hokkaido governor at the time.
He won the points classification at the 2019 Tour du Rwanda, the 2019 Tour of Indonesia, and the 2019 Tour of Peninsular.
In these minigames are a quota that must be fulfilled before the time runs out to progress such as shooting a certain amount of enemies or protecting small, yellow cats from projectiles.
These minigames feature a quota that must be fulfilled before the time limit ends, such as shooting a certain number of enemies or protecting small, yellow cats from projectiles.
Completing minigames will allow the player to progress, while losing will cause the player to lose a life; losing all lives will result in the game being over.
The game is divided into three different stages, each featuring eight minigames to play that become gradually harder as it progresses.
Finishing all the minigames in a stage will have the player face off against a boss, including: Frankie, a Frankenstein's monster that will toss projectiles at the player; Vladie, a vampire that launches a barrage of deadly bats; Witchina, a witch that attacks with her spell-casting broomstick; and Mama Mia, a massive dragon-like monster that hurls fireballs.
A home conversion for the PlayStation was released in Japan on April 20, 2000, and in North America later that year.
To promote its release, Namco held an online contest on the game's official website where players could submit their high-scores in return for prizes.
A by-election for Kaindi constituency was held in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea between 16 July and 15 August 1966.
This was the same person who had also been gifted land from a previous faujdar of Sylhet by the name of Lutfullah Khan Shirazi.
The Swedish dairy company Arla produced a series of adverts to discourage people from buying vegan alternatives to cow's milk and used a fake brand 'Pjölk' which was similar to Oatly.
In 2018 the company was publicly criticised for supporting a local pig farm to which it sold the residue of its manufacturing process.
Set in D major and common time, it uses lively eighth-notes for flow and movement, resting on stresses syllables such as God.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico, on the branch leading to Zoológico.
A soda machine or soda maker is a home appliance for carbonating tap water by using carbon dioxide from a pressurized cartridge.
The machine is often delivered with flavorings which can be added afterwards to the carbonated water to make soda, like for instance orange, lemon or cola flavours.
The water to be carbonated is filled in special pressure resistant bottles which are attached to the maching in a pressure proof way.
The gas is then added to the water via a pipe and valve system which is activated by pushing a button.
The resulting amount of carbon dioxide is determined by the pressure in the CO cartridge and how long the button is held down.
Depending on the size of the gas cartridge, a soda machine can produce up to 100 liters of carbonated water before the cartridge needs to be replaced.
Compared to buying carbonated water in the store, this eliminates packaging and transportation costs, and also results in less waste and possible less use of storage space.
Carbonated water has a low pH-value, and overuse of carbonated water can therefore lead to acid erosion of the teeth, similarly to consuming other sour beverages and food (like soda or fruits).
In a study by the Insitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicin at the University of Mainz, (Germany), ble coliform bacteria were found in 39% of the tests when water was carbnonated in soda machines, compared to 12% in the tests of water straight from the water tap.
In addition to the said pollution contaminants from the gas cartridge or the machine, the microbiological quality of the water was also affected by a biofilm at the inside of the bottles.
In addition to poor cleaning compared to the manufacturer instructions, poor design of the soda machines was also given as a possible cause to the increased amount of bacteria.
(7 k), from Algiers and South-West Spain, the black spots are more or less confluent, the red ground-colour along the distal margin being sometimes separated as a sock-like halfmoon.The white edges are usually altogether absent, or there are only feeble vestiges of them — In ab.
— The 3 forms tly exactly at the same time and the same places; I found them frequently united in copula.
They are extremely common throughout June on nearly all the heights of the Atlas Mts., sometimes the one sometimes the other form being prevalent in the various flight-places.
In 2009, a group of pro-Ahmadinejad members founded the group named Islamic Revolution fraction, unsuccessfully trying to unseat Larijni as the speaker.
André van der Hoek is a Dutch and American professor of computer science at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), and department chair of Informatics at the Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences (ICS).
Van der Hoek grew up in the Netherlands and graduated from Erasmus University Rotterdam with degrees in Business-Oriented Computer Science in 1994.
He continued his studies as a PhD student at the University of Colorado, Boulder in computer science where he researched mainly technical aspects of configuration management.
In 2000, van der Hoek moved to the University of California, Irvine where his research interest shifted to understanding the role of design in software engineering.
He also leads the Software Design and Collaboration Laboratory at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) where his research group focuses (amongst others) on how software design can be supported in meetings over time.
His approach to research is deeply linked to actual tool creation, rather than focusing purely on theoretical perspectives of a matter.
Over Canada's history various refugees and economic migrants from the United States would immigrate to Canada for a variety of reasons.
Exiled Loyalists from the United States first came, followed by African American refugees, economic migrants, and later draft evaders from the Vietnam War.
The majority, about 33,000 went to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, another 6,600 went to Quebec, and 2,000 to Prince Edward Island.
Governor Haldimand (at the suggestion of Carleton) brought Loyalists away from Quebec City and Montreal by offering free land on the northern shore of Lake Ontario to anyone who would swear allegiance to George III.
Soon after the separation of the Province of Quebec, Lower Canada and Upper Canada were formed, each with its own government.
Within the underground railroad, many escaped slaves desired to go to British North America (today's Canada), since its long border made it easy to flee to, it was further from slave catchers, and not under the rule of the U.S.
More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there via the network during its 20-year peak period, although U.S. Census figures account for only 6,000.
During the Klondike Gold Rush an estimated 100,000 people tried to reach the Klondike goldfields, of whom only around 30,000 to 40,000 eventually did.
The prospectors came from many nations, although an estimated majority of 60 to 80 percent were Americans or recent immigrants to America.
According to a 1978 book by former members of President Gerald Ford's Clemency Board, 210,000 Americans were accused of draft offenses and 30,000 left the country.
He was for many years a professor of Scandinavian languages and literature at the University of North Dakota and a prominent leader of the Icelandic American community.
Beck taught at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota from 1926 to 1928, and at Thiel College in Greenville, Pennsylvania from 1928 to 1929.
He received plenty of honors for his work, including an honorary doctor of literature degree from the University of North Dakota and two honorary doctorates from the University of Iceland.
He later served as Honorary Consul of Iceland for North Dakota and President of the Icelandic National League of North America.
Beck was a special guest of the Icelandic government for the 1969 celebration of the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Icelandic Republic and the 1974 celebration of the 1,100th anniversary of the settlement of Iceland.
70 St Mary Axe, informally known as The Can Of Ham due to its shape, is an office building in the City of London.
During its construction, the City of London Corporation decided to pedestrianise the part of St Mary Axe along which the building sits, between Bevis Marks to the south-west and Houndsditch to the north-east.
The architectural design was created by Foggo Associates for Targetfollow, and planning permission was granted in 2008.. Targetfollow sold the site to Nuveen in 2011 for £20m but development was delayed during the global financial crisis.
The sole tenant of 60 St Mary Axe agreed in 2014 to exit their lease early, and in 2015 Mace Group Ltd was appointed to build the project.
The Antonio de Vea expedition of 1675–1676 was a Spanish naval expedition to the fjords and channels of Patagonia aimed to find whether rival colonial powers—specifically, the English—were active in the region.
While this was not the first Spanish expedition to the region, it was the largest up to then, involving 256 men, one ocean-going ship, two long boats and nine dalcas ().
Spanish authorities' knowledge of western Patagonia was greatly improved by the expedition, yet Spanish interest in the area waned thereafter until the 1740s.
First the marquis Fernando Fajardo y Álvarez de Toledo learned about it while active as ambassador at the Court of St James's.
Then was the prisoners of the expedition obtained by the Spanish during Narborough's stay in Corral Bay in late December 1670.
The governor of Chiloé sent in early 1674 an expedition led by Jerónimo Díaz de Mendoza south to find out about the rumours.
While settled in Chacao, Chiloé, Cristóbal Talcapillán soon learned the basics of the local Veliche language and begun to gain notoriety for his claims about the a presence of Europeans in the far south.
In further inquiries, Spanish authorities asked Talcapillán to draft a map of the archipelagoes which when fact-checked with Spanish sailors astonished authorities lending credibility to Talcapillán's claims.
Talcapillán told that an Indian called León who had been back and forth to England, and that there was a Spanish shipwreck in Lluctui, an island also controlled by the English.
Two Spanish dalcas approached the ship rescuing the infantrymen while Antonio de Vea and the remaining crew managed to beach the ship in the late evening.
The party of Antonio de Vea was guided by Bartolomé Gallardo, a criollo soldier who explored the area the previous summer, the Jesuit Antonio de Amparán and Cristóbal Talcapillán.
The expedition entered San Rafael Lake on December 11, taking note of its windy conditions, the San Rafael Glacier and the swampy shores in the south that make up the Isthmus of Ofqui.
This has been interpreted by modern researchers to reflect that the effects of the Little Ice Age were not yet in evidence there during the late 17th century.
Before crossing the isthmus of Ofqui by land, the expedition was divided in two groups, one that was to stay behind waiting and that was to advance further south.
This last group was made up by 40 Spaniards and 40 Indians led Antonio de Vea in person and included both Talcapillán and Bartolomé Gallardo.
Having arrived to the mouth of San Tadeo River in the sea on December 23 the group fished basses again, obtaining more than 100.
Rain prevented further advances on December 24 but one day later the expedition was able to reach San Javier Island (called San Esteban Island by Antonio de Vea).
On December 25 and 26 the expedition ambushed and captured various indigenous Chono, including children and an old woman, in San Javier Island.
The woman, who was judged by de Vea to be about 70 years old, reportedly told the Spanish about conflicts with an indigenous group known as Caucagues, who had iron obtained from anchors of European ships.
According to this interrogation, the woman explained that the Caucagues were warned of the Spanish expedition by an Indian who escaped from Calbuco in Chiloé and were thus hiding.
On further questioning about the presumed wreckage from where the anchor was obtained the woman declared that the wreckage occurred when she was very young.
Being guided by the woman on January 2, 1676, the expedition encountered in a whale carcass and next to it an empty Caucague encampment and many dogs.
Eventually Antonio de Vea concluded that Talcapillán was an unreliable interpreter as the old woman explained she had never said anything about iron anchors.
Talcapillán retracted the story about the anchors and said he had been coerced to lie by Bartolomé Gallardo and his father Francisco Gallardo.
Before returning north, the expedition left a bronze plaque in San Javier Island indicating the King of Spain's ownership of the area.
On the way back north Guaiteca Island was reached on January 22 and the expedition returned to the shipyard of Chiloé four days later.
Antonio de Vea reported to have reached as far south as 49°19' S, which may however be an exaggeration or overestimation.
The incident happened as a detachment approached the islets in a skiff to install a metal plaque indicating the King of Spain's ownership of the territory.
Hit by strong winds, the boat drifted away and the remnant of the expedition in charge of Pascual de Iriarte could not find it.
The Viceroy of Peru Baltasar de la Cueva issued orders to the governments of Chile, Chiloé and Río de la Plata to inquire about the men who disappeared at Evangelistas Islets.
However no information about their fate came forth and it is presumed that the boat wrecked in the same storm that forced the remaining party to leave the area.
Antonio de Vea had concluded and successfully convinced Spanish authorities that rumours about English settlements in the fjords and channels of Patagonia were false.
He noted that while there was an abundance of shellfish, sea lions and whales the establishment of a European settlement was not feasible given that adverse climate and poor soils made cultivation of crops impossible.
The focus of Spanish attention to repel tentative English settlements shifted from the Pacific coast of Patagonia to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego.
Such a change meant that any English settlement could be approached by land from the north, which was not the case for the islands in western Patagonia.
Despite being in some sense a failure, the Antonio de Vea expedition led to increased Spanish knowledge on the Patagonian archipelagoes.
As far as known today, no new Spanish maps were made of the west coast of Patagonia until José de Moraleda y Montero's explorations in the late 18th century.
Following this expedition there was an apparent hiatus of several decades in both missionary activity and the search of possible foreign colonies in the Pacific coast of Patagonia.
The 2020 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship Division II consisted of two tiered groups of six teams each: the fourth-tier Division IIA and the fifth-tier Division IIB.
For each tier's tournament, the team which placed first was promoted to the next highest division, while the team which placed last was relegated to a lower division.
Barrier of the Law (Italian: La barriera della legge) is a 1954 Italian thriller film directed by Piero Costa and starring Rossano Brazzi, Lea Padovani and Maria Frau.
It originally ran between Cheapside and Old Fish Street and was one of the principal thoroughfares of the Bread Street Ward in Mediaeval London.
It was partially cleared to construct Queen Victoria Street, and following damage in World War II, only the section between Queen Victoria Street and Cannon Street remains.
Dr Michelle Alexander is a bioarchaeologist with an interest in multi-faith societies and is Senior Lecturer in Bioarchaeology at the University of York.
In 2011, she returned to Durham University as a Visiting Research Fellow, as well as holding a post at Cornell University, USA in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
In 2012, Alexander was appointed Lecturer in Bioarchaeology at the University of York, which was followed by a Senior Lectureship in 2018.
Muslim writers on occultism and magic usually distinguished between licit and illicit practises, rather than condemning magic and occultism as whole.
In the 2010–11 season, CA Bordj Bou Arréridj is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 11th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
He studied at the Royal Academy of Music in London and lived for a time in New York City, where he played jazz with Reid Anderson.
He is a Professor, Vice Chair for Translational Research and Director of Renal Cancer Biology Program for the Department of Urology, and Adjunct Professor at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at SUNY Upstate Medical University.
Mollapour holds a BSc (Hons) in Microbiology and Biochemistry from the University of East London, MSc in Applied Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases and Diploma in Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
Mollapour completed his postdoctoral research at the University of Sheffield and in 2006 he received the Federation of European Societies (FEBS) fellowship.
He joined the laboratory of Dr Len Neckers in Urological Oncology Branch, (Chief Dr. W. Marston Linehan), at the National Cancer Institute as a research fellow in 2007.
In 2018 he became the Professor of Urology and Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at SUNY Upstate Medical University.
Mollapour is widely recognized for his research on post-translation regulation of the molecular chaperone Heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) and co-chaperones in cancer.
His work demonstrated how reversible biochemical reactions can become directional and ordered, and in general, how a house-keeping machine (Hsp90) can be modulated through signaling inputs.
Mollapour’s finding on post-translational modifications of the Hsp90 chaperone machinery has also explained the reasons for tumors sensitivity and selectivity towards the Hsp90 inhibitors.
His research has identified a cross-talk between these two co-chaperones and demonstrated interconnectivity and compensatory mechanisms between the BHD and TSC pathways.
His research team has been supported by grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Cancer Instituteto design and examine novel therapeutic strategies for patients with kidney, bladder and breast cancer.
Sager RA, Woodford MR, Backe SJ, Makedon AM, Baker-Williams AJ, DiGregorio BT, Loiselle DR, Haystead TA, Zachara NE, Prodromou C, Bourboulia D, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Bratslavsky G, Mollapour M. Post-translational Regulation of FNIP1 Creates a Rheostat for the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90.
Woodford MR, Hughes M, Sager RA, Backe SJ, Baker-Williams AJ, Bratslavsky MS, Jacob JM, Shapiro O, Wong M, Bratslavsky G, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Mutation of the co-chaperone Tsc1 in bladder cancer diminishes Hsp90 acetylation and reduces drug sensitivity and selectivity.
Sager RA, Woodford MR, Shapiro O, Mollapour M, Bratslavsky G. Sporadic renal angiomyolipoma in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dube: chaperones in pathogenesis.
Woodford MR, Sager RA, Marris E, Dunn DM, Blanden AR, Murphy RL, Rensing N, Shapiro O, Panaretou B, Prodromou C, Loh SN, Gutmann DH, Bourboulia D, Bratslavsky G, Wong M, Mollapour M. Tumor suppressor Tsc1 is a new Hsp90 co-chaperone that facilitates folding of kinase and non-kinase clients.
Dushukyan N, Dunn DM, Sager RA, Woodford MR, Loiselle DR, Daneshvar M, Baker-Williams AJ, Chisholm JD, Truman AW, Vaughan CK, Haystead TA, Bratslavsky G, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Regulate Protein Phosphatase 5 Activity and Its Prosurvival Role in Kidney Cancer.
Bratslavsky G, Woodford MR, Daneshvar M, Mollapour M. Sixth BHD symposium and first international upstate kidney cancer symposium: latest scientific and clinical discoveries.
Woodford MR, Dunn D, Miller JB, Jamal S, Neckers L, Mollapour M. Impact of Posttranslational Modifications on the Anticancer Activity of Hsp90 Inhibitors.
Woodford MR, Dunn DM, Blanden AR, Capriotti D, Loiselle D, Prodromou C, Panaretou B, Hughes PF, Smith A, Ackerman W, Haystead TA, Loh SN, Bourboulia D, Schmidt LS, Marston Linehan W, Bratslavsky G, Mollapour M. The FNIP co-chaperones decelerate the Hsp90 chaperone cycle and enhance drug binding.
Woodford MR, Truman AW, Dunn DM, Jensen SM, Cotran R, Bullard R, Abouelleil M, Beebe K, Wolfgeher D, Wierzbicki S, Post DE, Caza T, Tsutsumi S, Panaretou B, Kron SJ, Trepel JB, Landas S, Prodromou C, Shapiro O, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Bourboulia D, Neckers L, Bratslavsky G, Mollapour M. Mps1 Mediated Phosphorylation of Hsp90 Confers Renal Cell Carcinoma Sensitivity and Selectivity to Hsp90 Inhibitors.
Dunn DM, Woodford MR, Truman AW, Jensen SM, Schulman J, Caza T, Remillard TC, Loiselle D, Wolfgeher D, Blagg BS, Franco L, Haystead TA, Daturpalli S, Mayer MP, Trepel JB, Morgan RM, Prodromou C, Kron SJ, Panaretou B, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Landas SK, Neckers L, Bratslavsky G, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. c-Abl Mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Aha1 Activates Its Co-chaperone Function in Cancer Cells.
Mollapour M, Bourboulia D, Beebe K, Woodford MR, Polier S, Hoang A, Chelluri R, Li Y, Guo A, Lee MJ, Fotooh-Abadi E, Khan S, Prince T, Miyajima N, Yoshida S, Tsutsumi S, Xu W, Panaretou B, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Bratslavsky G, Trepel JB, Prodromou C, Neckers L. Asymmetric Hsp90 N Domain SUMOylation Recruits Aha1 and ATP-Competitive Inhibitors.
Walton-Diaz A, Khan S, Bourboulia D, Trepel JB, Neckers L, Mollapour M. Contributions of co-chaperones and post-translational modifications towards Hsp90 drug sensitivity.
Mollapour is married to Dimitra Bourboulia, PhD, Assistant Professor, Assistant Dean for Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education Research, and Director for the Office of Research for Medical Students, at SUNY Upstate Medical University.
In Spain the moths have two generations per year, with the first emerging from the end of march to the beginning of June, and a second, much more abundant generation between July and the start of October.
Firefly ( or ) is an armed steamer of the Ever Victorious Army, who fought for the Qing Dynasty against the rebels of the Taiping Rebellion in 1860 to 1864.
Under the command of one Captain Ludlam, she participated in the retaking of Kahpoo (Zhapu) on 27 July 1863 and Wokong (Wujiang) on 28 July 1863.
Lindley promised to deliver the men as prisoner-of-wars to Ludlam, but their bodies were later found burnt and mutilated with signs of torture.
The Bulgarian land () is a term dating back to the time of the Bulgarian Revival and more precisely to the time after the Spring of Nations with the subsequent Greco-Bulgarian Schism.
At that time the lands with the predominantly Bulgarian population coinciding with the old Roman provinces of Moesia, Thracia and Macedonia (Roman province), but not only.
After her marriage to the Norwegian publisher Johan Fjeldsted Dahl in 1841, she settled in Oslo, were she was active as a concert singer and a music instructor and hosted a literary salon which was a center of the city's artistic life.
Palacio attended Stann Creek Methodist School, then Wellesley College In Belize City and later gained a Teaching Diploma from Belize Teacher's College.
In 1981, Palacio decided to continue her education and was awarded a BA in Accounting and Business Management from the University of California, Berkeley.
Her postgraduate education continued and she was awarded an MSt in Urban Studies by the University of New Orleans in 1995.
In 1999, Palacio was appointed to the role of Chief Elections & Boundaries Officer in Belize, and served as such until 2005.
Also in 1999, she addressed the United Nations at the Hague, presenting a statement outlining the issues that Belize faced as a third world country and the measures that were being taken by the government to combat them.
In 2010, Palacio produced a report on Belizean democracy, highlighting how far it had travelled, but also the issues it faced.
One of her observations in how the prevalence on call-in talk-shows on radio between 2003 and 2008 enabled political candidates to start arguments between one another, supported by people using phone cards pre-paid by political parties to support one side or the other and therefore try to manipulate public opinion.
She has written about housing poverty in Belize, and measured that could be taken to change the situation for people in Belize.
Palacio is an outspoken advocate for Garifuna culture, writing some of the first books on the subject and speaking widely about her Garifuna identity.
Palacio and her husband have an extensive collection of Garifuna artefacts, which they keep in a 'museum' at their home in Belize City.
In the 1999 Birthday Honours, Palacio was given the Member of the Order of the British Empire award by Queen Elizabeth II, for service to community in Belize.
In the 2007 New Years Honours, she was awarded the higher honour of Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
In 2016, she had a sabbatical as visiting professor at Boston University with the support of a scholarship from the Fulbright Commission.
Her research projects have been awarded European Research Council funding four times, in 2009 (biomimetic films and membranes), in 2012 (osteo-inductive coating of orthopaedic and dental implants), 2015 (bio-active coatings) and 2017 (regenerating large bone defects).
She is the author or co-author of more than a hundred publications, including articles in major scientific journals and two American/European patents.
Many studies based upon the subject have connected the allegory of the sea goat to the zodiac Capricorn as well, although its origin is not entirely known.
Later on, Pricus started the race of all other sea goats, who were very clever and able to speak and dearly loved by the gods.
They enjoyed to dwell on the seashore, but once they made it onto land, the sea goats automatically transformed into normal goats.
Stated in the stories, once the time comes all the creatures of the sea must offer themselves to the monster leviathan.
Two were built, one Soyuz 7K-L1E was successfully launched into Low Earth Orbit on Proton rocket and is known as Kosmos 382.
The N-1 Rocket was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle design to go to the noon, as a counterpart to the U.S. Saturn V rocket in the space race.
The Block D was designed to work with the N-1 to take the LK lunar lander to near the surface of the moon.
Had Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1 worked the upper stage was planned to go through maneuvers simulating those that would be used on a lunar mission.
Soyuz 7K-L1E No.2 was an uncrewed Soyuz 7K-L1, launch on a Proton, with an N-1 upper stage and the Soyuz 7K-L1E control spacecraft into Earth orbit on 2 December 1970.
Although he was born in Cuba, he spent the majority of his career outside of Cuba, and produced art in Havana, Paris, San Juan, and New York.
At the age of 11, Fernández began taking art lessons with Justicia de Leon, and, at the age of 20, Fernández enrolled in the Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro in Havana.
In Spain, he audited courses at Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando and enjoyed his first solo exhibition at Galería Buchholz in Madrid.
In December 2014, after winning their ninth All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship title, the Cork senior ladies' football team won the RTÉ Sports Team of the Year Award.
They received 27% of the vote, beating the Ireland men's national rugby union team, winners of the 2014 Six Nations Championship, by 11%.
At the 2015 Nations Cup tournament the Northern Ireland national netball team featured three ladies' Gaelic football inter-county captains – Caroline O'Hanlon (Armagh), Neamh Woods (Tyrone) and Laura Mason (Down).
At the 2019 Netball World Cup, of the twelve players that featured in the Northern Ireland squad, seven were ladies' Gaelic footballers.
Visual Artists Ireland (VAI) is an advocacy, support, publishing, and information organisation representing professional visual artists on the island of Ireland.
Founded in 1980 as the Sculptors’ Society of Ireland, the name was changed in 2005 as they began to include visual artists of all disciplines.
The VAI is a Limited Company with Guarantee run by paid staff under a voluntary board of professional artists, and primarily receives its funding from Arts Council grant money.
They have also tried their hand at app development – Art Connect – and an artists's social network, the Common Room Social Network for the Visual Arts.
The VAI offers residencies such as the Valerie Earley Residency Award and the Suki Tea Art Prize; has previously administered arts studios grants on behalf of the Arts Council of Ireland; and started granting a 'Hardship Award' in 2011.
The organisation has been an active whistleblower on this issue, recently naming the National Gallery of Ireland as a culprit in not paying artists, even though the exhibition requires a paid ticket.
Launched in 2017 as part of an Irish government pilot scheme, and now a permanent one, artists can receive jobseeker's allowance as artists, with the VAI and the Irish Writers Centre officially determining eligibility.
It was designed by architect Lorenzo M. Boardman, and built in 1890 for investor Leydford B. Whitten at a cost of $40,000.
Tenants included a dry goods store, a flower shop, a shoe repair store, a candy store as well as clothing stores.
She is a feminist and campaigns against LGBT+ discrimination, and created the campaign 'Por Un Solo Voto', encouraging young people in Spain to use their vote; campaign videos have featured her various co-stars.
Amorós has said that she began acting as a child in small productions, and had to be dragged away at the end because she enjoyed it so much.
The media compares Cayetana with Amorós herself, noting that the actress shares unflattering photos on Instagram and uses her popularity to promote causes.
Habeeb Okunola (born ) is a Nigerian entrepreneur, philanthropist, and currently serves as the Managing Director of TILT Group of Companies Limited; an international corporation with diversified interest in real estate, construction, oil and gas, energy, engineering, agriculture, media and technology .
Habeeb is the founder of Habeeb Okunola Foundation, a non-profit organisation established to consolidate effort of the government in achieving social justice across Africa.
He is a recipient of numerous international and local awards, and sits on the board of diverse blue chip companies and startups .
Her first story and novel were published in 1881 and 1889, respectively, and her plays were written for the Saturday Morning Club before receiving wider distribution.
As a friend and mentee of Mark Twain's, she wrote about her time with him and later helped to preserve his mansion.
She also traveled internationally and served in several civic posts in Connecticut, including the Town and Country Club, the Mark Twain Library and Memorial Commission, the Hartford Public Library.
As a figure in Hartford, she was known to play tennis in her front yard court and to have made archery fashionable.
He saved approximately 2500 Jews in Budapest in 1944–45, thus being one of those Hungarians who saved the most Jews during the Holocaust.
His father was István Ocskay of Ocskó and Felsődubován (1844–1908), parliamentary representative of Bereg County, his mother was Eugénia Bogen (1852–1939).
His grandparents on his father's side were Rudolf Ocskay of Ocskó and Felsődubován (1815–1904), Lord Lieutenant (főispán) of Nyitra County and Mária Scultéty of Szoppór.
He joined the National Army (later to become the Royal Hungarian Army) led by Miklós Horthy as a volunteer in 1919.
He became the commander of the number 101/359 Jewish forced labor battalion, which was officially collecting, mending and making clothing items for the German army.
The original battalion with 200 men was housed in Síp Street in the middle of the Jewish quarter, but soon they had to be moved to the Jewish Secondary School in Zugló because of their growing numbers.
These connections helped when, on one memorable occasion in January 1945, with the help of the Waffen-SS forces stationed in Budapest, he managed to drive away members of the Hungarian Arrow Cross Party, who were about to execute these thousands of Jews by shooting them into the Danube.
Apart from Ocskay's strong diplomatic skills and connections, this achievement might have been helped by the German forces wanting to paint a better picture of themselves in face of the imminent military crush.
When the German forces were driven out of Hungary, the occupying Soviet army very nearly deported the men of the battalion, who eventually managed to escape.
Ocskay was not friendly with the communists, who started to persecute him for his noble origins, his military past in Horthy's army and his German and American connections.
He went on to live forgotten and poor, working as a night guard in Kingston, N.Y., until his death there on 27 March 1966.
It was eventually erected in October 2008 in the City Park of Budapest, where in July 2015 a street was also named after him.
The 1988–89 season is Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 87th season in existence and the club's 58th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Real Madrid finished the season as champions for the fourth season running, 5 points ahead of the runners-up this time being FC Barcelona.
Sällskapet för uppmuntran av öm och sedlig modersvård (literary: 'Society for the encouragement of tender and virtious motherly care') was a royal Swedish charity organisation, founded in 1827 and discontinued in 1944.
It was one of the first private charity organisations in Sweden, and one of the first to be founded and managed by women.
The purpose of the organisation was to provide financial help to poor mothers, who was estimated to be good mothers by the organisation, and it was an example of the private charity organisations which did not believe in unconditional help to the needing.
He, and later with his son, was responsible for the design of at least fifty schools in Washington as well as many other kinds of buildings.
He learned the skills of an architect through a correspondence course and began practice in that field in Hyde Park, Illinois from 1885-87.
He later moved to Pasadena, California where he practiced 1887-89, and then on to Washington when there was great need for architects during rebuilding after the Great Seattle Fire of 1889.
He practiced in Seattle alone from 1889–93 and then partnered with Timotheus Josenhans for a short time (1894–97) when the team designed buildings on the Washington Agricultural College campus (now Washington State University).
During the recession of the mid to late 90s, Stephen returned to cabinetmaking and found work with the Moran Shipyards in Seattle and Alaska.
He became the official school architect from 1901 to 1909 where he designed and supervised the construction of fifty Seattle school buildings.
The schools used standard floor plans and interior finishes but the exteriors varied greatly from school to school as Stephen used his cabinetmaker skills to design different wood detailing of the exterior elevations.
Around the time his eldest son Frederick graduated as an architect from the University of Pennsylvania, Stephen traveled to the mid-west and New York to study newer trends in school construction.
In 1908, the two started a partnership (Stephen and Stephen) and, probably influenced by what he had seen on the trip as well as his son's training, began to design schools with fireproof materials.
Simultaneously to his position as Seattle school architect, he continued in his private practice designing residential, religious, and commercial structures, including the original portion of the downtown Seattle YMCA building.
Schools produced after his son joined the practice can be found in Edmonds, Wenatchee, Cashmere, Richmond Beach, Vancouver, Ellensburg, Kirkland, Cle Elum, Chehalis, Fall City, and Port Townsend.
He became a member of the American Institute of Architects in 1902 and was president of the Washington chapter in 1907-08 as well as a delegate to the national convention in Chicago in 1907.
A decade after he left the employ of the school district, he became a vocal critic of the school building program claiming it was extravagant and wasteful.
He cited the construction of the Roosevelt High School which was estimated to cost $1.25 million (), nearly equal to the combined cost of the four newest Seattle high schools.
(born February 1883 in Illinois), Walter M (born September 1884 in Illinois), Chester R (born March 1887 in Illinois), and James H (born March 1893 in Seattle).
Stephen retired from the practice in 1923 or 1928 and died in Seattle on September 27, 1938 after a ten-year illness.
At the start of the first season, he is depicted as having an extremely rowdy personality; he disregards the law frequently.
The 2019–20 VMI Keydets basketball team is representing the Virginia Military Institute during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Keydets are led by fifth-year head coach Dan Earl and played their home games out of Cameron Hall in Lexington, Virginia, their home since 1981, as members of the Southern Conference.
The Keydets finished the 2018–19 campaign with a 11–21 overall record, and a 4–14 mark in SoCon play to finish in eighth place.
He succeeded Johan Conrad Huusher as the manager of the theater company which staffed the Trøndelag Teater in 1831-1834, and was succeeded by Jacob Mayson.
As such he played a major part in the theater history of Trondheim, which had no other permanent theatre in a period when Norway was almost entirely dominated by travelling theatre companies from Denmark.
Dorin Manole started playing rugby as a youth for a local Romanian club based in Tecuci and then started his professional journey joining the youth ranks of a local team in Focșani, under the guidance of coaches Genu Popa and Vasile Condurache.
After playing in Romania for the past 5 years, followed a move to Spanish club CRC Madrid and after almost three years with the Spaniards he signed with Fédérale 2 club U.S. Orthez in France.
The 23rd Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in March, 1942, based on the 1st formation of the 88th Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.
It was one of just two Guards divisions to be formed in the far north, the 10th Guards being the other.
It continued to serve in Karelian Front, where it was formed, until October when it was railed south to join the 1st Shock Army of Northwestern Front; it would remain in that Army until nearly the end of 1944.
Over the next several months it took part in the dismal fighting around the Demyansk salient until it was evacuated by the German II Army Corps in March, 1943.
During the rest of the year the division continued battling through the forests and swamps south of Lake Ilmen, occasionally under command of the 14th Guards Rifle Corps, until the Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive began in late January, 1944.
The 23rd Guards took part in the liberation of Staraya Russa in mid-February and went on to win a battle honor about a week later at Dno.
1st Shock Army (now in 2nd Baltic Front) closed up to the German Panther Line south of Lake Peipus during the spring and then helped break through it at the start of the Baltic Campaign in July.
For its part in the liberation of Ostrov the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner before gradually advancing through Latvia towards Riga, which it helped to liberate in October.
By now it was in the 12th Guards Rifle Corps which was transferred in late November to the 3rd Shock Army in 1st Belorussian Front.
The 23rd Guards would remain under these commands for the duration of the war, advancing across Poland and eastern Germany into Berlin in 1945 and winning a second honorific after the fighting ended.
The division was officially raised to Guards status on March 17, 1942 in recognition of its leading role in stopping the drive of the Finnish III Army Corps along the Kestenga-Loukhi road which had threatened to cut the Kirov Railway south from Murmansk.
Col. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Solovyov remained in command of the division after redesignation; he would be promoted to the rank of major general on May 3.
On April 24 the 26th Army launched an offensive in the Kestenga area with the objective of improving its positions and driving the Finnish-German forces farther away from the railway.
The Soviet plan called for the Axis troops to be fixed by a frontal assault by the 263rd Rifle Division while the main attack would be made after a long outflanking move from the north by the 23rd Guards and 186th Rifle Divisions plus the 80th Marine Rifle and 8th Ski Brigades.
The attack began during a heavy snowfall and while 26th Army had the advantage in manpower, artillery and mortars it had to contend with acute shortages of ammunition.
In the early going elements of the 23rd Guards managed to wedge into the defenses up to 7km but the arrival of reserves brought the advance to a halt.
A further regrouping followed by an attack on May 10 produced no results at all, and the Army went over to the defense the next day.
He was replaced in command of the division by Col. Sergei Nikolaievich Aleksandrov, who would himself be promoted to major general on September 12 prior to the move south to join Northwestern Front.
In part due to this setback and in part due to plans being formulated for the overall winter counteroffensive the 23rd Guards was loaded onto trains on the Kirov Railway later in October and moved south to the Ostashkov railhead to join 1st Shock.
The intention of the new offensive, as in those during the summer and fall, would be to penetrate the corridor from the south and link up with 11th Army to its north, again encircling the German Demyansk grouping.
As with the case of Operation Mars at Rzhev, constant bad weather and a late front delayed Northwestern Front's preparations for its offensive, particularly the regrouping of its forces.
On November 2 the division, with a current strength of 9,651 personnel, officially came under the command of 1st Shock Army, along with the 167th Tank Regiment with 24 T-34 tanks.
While this gave the Red Army forces a ratio of over three to one in infantry and an edge in armor strength it would be mostly negated by the thick and roadless terrain and unfavorable weather.
1st Shock's attack began with a preliminary operation by the 86th Brigade on the night of November 23/24, striking at the boundary between the 126th and 123rd Infantry Divisions but this stalled short of its initial objective due to heavy mud and German fire.
Despite this failure the 23rd Guards and 129th divisions were ordered to pass through the Brigade's lines and take up jumping-off positions overnight on November 27/28.
Their assault began at 1115 hours the next day, supported by the 167th Tank Regiment and the 103rd and 401st Tank Battalions and following a 45-minute artillery preparation.
Operating in carefully-tailored shock groups with direct armor support the leading rifle regiments advanced 2-2.5km deep into the German forward security outposts and extensive engineering obstacles before arriving at the forward edge of the main line at 2000 hours, after dark.
After taking only small toeholds in these defenses the relentless artillery fire and numerous company-to-battalion sized counterattacks forced the two divisions back to their start lines.
By now the attackers had fallen into stereotyped methods; when 1st Shock was observed massing for yet another assault on December 27 the German forces interdicted with an artillery counter-preparation, firing over 14,000 shells which rendered the Army temporarily combat ineffective.
Clearly the defenses around the salient remained formidable but given that Demyansk had always been partially supplied by air, following the encirclement of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad those air assets were much more required to the south.
It was regrouped westward to attack the south side of the mouth of the corridor and was reinforced with four tank regiments, two artillery divisions, two Guards Mortar divisions, and two aviation corps.
1st Shock's attack had to be postponed until February 26 by which time it was facing three German divisions instead of one.
The assault troops managed to gain from 1 - 3km with great difficulty, and a further effort the next day was stopped in its tracks.
Through the rest of the year 1st Shock Army would be lightly engaged with elements of German 16th Army along the Polist River.
In October the 23rd Guards joined the 53rd Guards Rifle Division in the 14th Guards Rifle Corps under direct command of the Front; on November 19 this Front would be renamed 2nd Baltic.
2nd Baltic was ordered on February 17 to prepare an offensive in the direction of Idritsa, to begin on February 28-29.
However this plan was anticipated by Army Group North's Field Marshal W. Model and on the same day 16th Army was directed to begin withdrawing to the west, beginning with the forces that were still holding at Staraya Russa.
This began before Soviet intelligence had detected its preparations and 1st Shock began its pursuit of X Army Corps on February 18 in the direction of Dno and Dedovichi.
Late on February 23 the 14th Guards Corps and the 111th Rifle Corps of 54th Army launched converging attacks on the defenses around Dno but were driven back by heavy counterattacks.
A renewed assault the next day cleared the city and the 23rd Guards was recognized for its part in the victory with a battle honor:The Front exploited its successes on February 26.
As the pursuit continued 1st Shock advanced up to 22km on February 27 and the key town of Pustoshka was taken.
Although 1st Shock advanced 40km by the end of the day on February 29 and cut the Pskov-Opochka rail line, in the first days of March it was forced to go over to the defense.
When the offensive began on July 8 the division was facing the defenses of the Panther line east of the Velikaya, roughly halfway between Pskov and Ostrov.
The latter city was liberated on July 21 and for its part in this battle on August 9 the division would be decorated with the Order of the Red Banner.
On August 26 General Beloborodov handed his command over to Maj. Gen. Pavel Mendelevich Shafarenko, who would remain in this post for the duration of the war.
By mid-September the 23rd Guards was, with the rest of 1st Shock, near the Latvian-Estonian border in the vicinity of Ape, Latvia, slowly advancing west.
During the first days of October it had reached Limbaži and was closing on the Latvian capital of Riga from the northeast.
The city was liberated on October 13 and two regiments of the division were recognized with battle honors:In addition, on October 31 the 66th Guards Rifle Regiment would be decorated with the Order of the Red Banner while the 68th Regiment would receive the Order of Aleksandr Nevsky.
Within days of the liberation of Riga 3rd Baltic Front was disbanded and 1st Shock returned to 2nd Baltic, but 23rd Guards was reassigned to the 12th Guards Rifle Corps under direct Front command.
On November 29 the commander of the 1st Belorussian Front, Marshal Zhukov, received the following:In the buildup to the Vistula-Oder Offensive the 3rd Shock was assigned to serve as the Front reserve and was concentrated in the area of Pilawa and Garwolin.
In the plan for the Vistula-Oder Offensive 3rd Shock was in the Front second echelon with the initial objective of developing the offensive from the Magnuszew bridgehead towards Poznań.
As it continued the Army's forces served to guard the Front's right (north) flank and tie in to the 2nd Belorussian Front advancing into East Prussia, leaving them guarding a very broad front by the first days of February.
After reaching the Oder with its main forces the 1st Belorussian was directed to clear the remaining German forces from East Pomerania, where 3rd Shock was already operating.
When this offensive began on February 24 the 12th Guards Corps, along with 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps, was ordered to continue to hold along a line from Battrow to Groß Born.
Prior to the start of the offensive on Berlin the 3rd Shock Army was redeployed into the Soviet bridgehead over the Oder at Küstrin.
The 23rd Guards, which had been brought up to a strength of about 5,500 personnel, was in its Corps' first echelon with 52nd Guards and 33rd Rifle Divisions.
In order to cover the deployment of 3rd Shock into the bridgehead, on April 14 the reconnaissance in its zone was carried out by units of 5th Shock Army which had been there for some time.
On the following day the Army took over its own reconnaissance; 12th Guards Corps deployed one reinforced rifle battalion from each of its divisions, supported by one artillery brigade, one long-range howitzer brigade, a mortar brigade and an antitank artillery regiment.
By the end of the day these advance battalions had advanced as much as 3km and consolidated along a line of separate homesteads 1.5km south of Amt Kienitz and the same distance east of Letschin.
As a result of these and other similar advances by the Front's forces the German defensive system was largely uncovered and partly disorganized, and the thickest zone of minefields was overcome.
While the 52nd Guards and 33rd Divisions fought for the latter place, the 2nd Battalion of the 66th Guards Regiment was engaged in a fight for the German Posedin and Wuschewire strongpoints.
The position consisted of two continuous trenches and individual buildings had been turned into permanent firing points connected to deep cellars for cover.
Barbed wire was present both in continuous strands and as Bruno coils, along with minefields, individual foxholes and machine gun posts.
The 66th Guards Regiment commander ordered his 2nd Battalion to take the Posedon position that day and then get astride the road junction to its southwest.
The Battalion commander, Maj. Semyon Ivanovich Nikin, decided to outflank Posedon with his 5th Company from the north and 4th Company from the south to get into its rear, while the 6th Company waited to exploit any developments.
The attack was supported by the 49th Guards Artillery Regiment's 1st Battalion, a battery of regimental artillery, a company of 120mm mortars, and a battery from the antitank artillery regiment.
However, Nikin noticed that this fire seemed to have completely suppressed the enemy fire from the trenches north and south of Posedon and he modified his plans accordingly.
As early as 1100 hours the 5th Company, with two 45mm antitank guns, had outflanked the position and captured the junction.
An hour later the 4th Company accomplished the same to the south and Posedon was encircled, leading to disorder among the defenders as some attempted to hurriedly withdraw to Wuschewire.
Meanwhile, 33rd Division was meeting stiff resistance at Letschin, so Nikin ordered his 5th Company to get in the rear of that position and disrupt its defense.
At the same time the 5th Company got within 2km of Letschin from the west and destroyed several German guns and machine gun crews that had been supporting the garrison there.
The German forces attempted to restore the situation with a counterattack by about 200 men, an assault gun, and artillery fire from Wuschewire to relieve the troops encircled at Posedon as these also attempted to break out.
In this situation the 6th Company went over to the defense temporarily and opened fire with machine guns, mortars, and a pair of 45mm antitank guns against the counterattack force and dispersed it.
His 4th Company outflanked the position from the north while 5th Company advanced from the south and 6th Company continued its assault from the east.
During the day the 2nd Battalion advanced 9km and broke through the entire German main defensive zone, at a cost of four men killed and 13 wounded.
Following further exceptional service in the fighting for Berlin, on May 31 Major Nikin was made a Hero of the Soviet Union.
12th Guards Corps now had the 23rd Guards and 33rd Divisions in first echelon with 52nd Guards in reserve and 9th Guards Tanks in support.
By 1300 hours units of the 23rd had reached the Friedlanderstrom Canal which formed a main line of the German second defensive zone.
On its eastern bank, in the area of Buschof Creek, there was a protection detachment consisting of a platoon of infantry, three machine guns and eight assault guns.
The terrain in the division's attack zone was highly favorable to the defenders as it was a low-lying plain devoid of cover, while to the west of the canal the ground gradually rises to a series of heights covered with woods.
In this situation General Shafarenko decided to attack the German force in the area of Buschof Creek off the march, in conjunction with units of the 33rd Division but without waiting for the lagging artillery.
The main blow was to be delivered by 66th Guards Regiment with 63rd Guards Regiment to the right and the 125th Independents Company along their boundary; 68th Guards Regiment concentrated in the Grube area.
The defenders opened a strong fire from all their weapons, forcing most of the 66th and 125th to remain pinned to the ground.
Shafarenko then decided to postpone the attack until 1500 hours, allowing time for a fuller reconnaissance and for his heavier guns to come up.
This second barrage proved far more effective, destroying four of the assault guns and a machine gun at Buschof Creek and suppressing the other two machine guns.
The 1st Battalion of the 66th Guards burst into Buschof Creek and destroyed the defending Germans in a short skirmish, capturing the machine guns and the four remaining serviceable assault guns with their crews.
The 125th Company forced a crossing by makeshift means and got a hold on the west bank but the 66th and 63rd Guards were unsuccessful in following them due to increasing fire from flanking machine guns.
Then, on Shafarenko's orders, tanks and self-propelled guns were brought right up to the canal's east bank and began firing on the German positions at point-blank range.
Under its cover both regiments crossed the canal on whatever would float and within 30 minutes were firmly established on the west bank.
The remaining German troops fell back to the Slanhof Creek area; following a short break the Soviet units took that area by storm.
By the end of the day the 23rd Guards reached the paved road from Metzdorf to Gottesgabe, well inside the Germans' second defensive zone.
By April 22 the 3rd Shock Army, now in conjunction with the 1st Mechanized Corps, had advanced as far as the suburbs in the northeastern part of Berlin.
The 12th Guards Corps advanced 1.5-2km in heavy fighting and by the end of the day was fighting along a line from Pankow to Weissensee.
As a result of the day's operations the Army completed the breakthrough of the Berlin inner defensive line along its entire front.
On April 25 the 66th Guards Regiment was attacking along the Muellerstrasse with the objective of taking the railway station in the Wedding area.
Each battalion was storming the building simultaneously along both sides of the street and each had detached two rifle companies of about 50 men each.
In addition the battalions each had an artillery regiment providing indirect fire, a battalion of 76mm guns firing over open sights, and a battery of four SU-76s in support.
Intense German fire made movement along the street impossible, so the special companies advanced from building to building through courtyards and by mouse-holing through basements, attics and adjoining rooms, destroying the defenders in skirmishes which were often hand-to-hand.
In this situation the commander of the Regiment ordered Major Nikin to attack the first building at 1600 hours to clear it, consolidate and then prepare to attack the second building along with the 1st Battalion.
By 1400 hours both of Nikin's storm companies had concentrated in buildings opposite their objective as the engineers prepared direct fire positions for the antitank guns.
Nikin decided, first, to break up the barricade near the Luxemburgstrasse building and throw in a small group of picked submachine gunners under cover of indirect and direct artillery fire, with the goal of causing panic and disorganization in the German fire system.
One minute later the picked group of seven men and two engineers, let by a platoon commander, rushed across the street to a designated entranceway.
Taking advantage of smoke and dust raised by the artillery they reached the entrance without loss but found the grenade- and gun-fire had not inflicted serious damage on the barricade.
This was remedied with a 20kg demolition charge placed by the engineers, after which the group broke into the entrance and then the building's courtyard.
The platoon commander left two men at two stairwells to prevent anyone leaving the cellar where the defenders had hidden during the barrage, with the exception of observers and machine gunners in the building itself.
The battery of SU-76s was now able to advance under cover of the artillery barrage and began to fire on the building's lower floor windows and doors to create breaches for the attacking infantry.
The company commander reinforced the men covering the cellar exits; these used grenades and rifle and SMG fire to throw back the German soldiers attempting to break out.
In the course of this fighting 40 Germans were killed and five taken prisoner while the company lost eight men killed and wounded.
The second company was now due to cross the street but was held up by heavy machine gun fire from a ruined building on the Triftstrasse.
Nikin's observers quickly determined where the fire was coming from and within six or seven minutes artillery fire had suppressed the target.
On May 31 a total of 13 personnel of the division, including Major Nikin, were made Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Sergeant Lyudmila Stepanovna Kravets, who took over commzand from a wounded company commander on April 17 and later evacuated the wounded during the street battles in Berlin.
11095 of May 29, part 2, the 23rd Guards, along with its 12th Guards Rifle Corps and the remainder of 3rd Shock Army, is listed as part of the newly formed Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.
He succeeded Carl Wilhelm Orlamundt as the manager of the theater company which staffed the Trøndelag Teater in 1836-1839, and was succeeded by Gustav Wilhelm Selmer.
As such he played a major part in the theater history of Trondheim, which had no other permanent theatre in a period when Norway was almost entirely dominated by travelling theatre companies from Denmark.
The church is dedicated to Our Lady of Help and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia.
The church belongs to the Brotherhood of Our Lady of Amparo, which was generally made of mixed-race men, who often constituted the majority of the population of cities in Bahia.
The church, despite its construction in the 19th century, is similar to those of the previous century, with a nave, side corridors superimposed by galleries, a façade with monumental pediment, and bell towers on either side of the portals.
The church lacks federal, state, or municipal protection, but was named as part of the Heritage of Portuguese Influence sites by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
It was renovated, or possibly completed, in 1907 in the Neoclassical style, typical of church renovations in Bahia in the previous century.
The floors of the side corridors were repaired in 1965, and the roofing of the galleries and sacristies were replaced between 1967 and 1968.
The division of the plan of the church into three sections (a nave and two side corridors) is emphasized on the façade by pilasters.
The interior of the church consists of a nave and side corridors surmounted by tribunes, a plan typical of Bahian churches of the 17th century.
A sacristy is located on either side of the chancel and are connected by a small corridor behind the rear of the chancel.
The church has a rich collection of 19th century images, including statues of Saint Amaro, Saint Rita, Saint Gonsalo, Our Lady of Victory, Our Lady of Protection.
Keith Gledhill and Ellsworth Vines defeated the defending champions Jack Crawford and Gar Moon 6–4, 10–8, 6–2 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1933 Australian Championships.
As such he played a major part in the theater history of Trondheim, which had no other permanent theatre in a period when Norway was almost entirely dominated by travelling theatre companies from Denmark.
District 9 is based in Raleigh and Wyoming Counties in Southern West Virginia, also covering a small portion of northern McDowell County.
Communities in the district include Beckley, Mabscott, Sophia, Beaver, Bradley, Coal City, Crab Orchard, Daniels, MacArthur, Prosperity, Shady Spring, Stanaford, Mullens, and Oceana.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, and overlaps with the 21st, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, and 32nd districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
He was the manager of the theater company which staffed the Trøndelag Teater in 1829-1831, and was succeeded by Carl Wilhelm Orlamundt.
As such he played a major part in the theater history of Trondheim, which had no other permanent theatre in a period when Norway was almost entirely dominated by travelling theatre companies from Denmark: the building had previously only been used by the Det Dramatiske Selskab, and he thereby created the first professional public theatre in the city and that part of Norway.
The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.1 category race.
She was a leading actress first in the company of Jacob Mayson and then for Gustav Wilhelm Selmer at the Trøndelag Teater in a period when there professional theatre in Norway, outside of Oslo, consisted of travelling Danish theatre companies and few actors became known other than temporarily.
She was engaged in travelling theatre companies in Drammen and Bergen in 1827-1837 until she was engaged at the Christiania Theatre in 1837, where she became a leading lady within the female main parts in the plays by Ludvig Holberg during the 1840s and 1850s.
Zombieland is an American media franchise centering on a college aged kid making his way through the zombie apocalypse, meeting three strangers along the way and together taking an extended road trip across the Southwestern United States in an attempt to find a sanctuary free from zombies.
The series features The film stars Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg, Emma Stone, and Abigail Breslin as survivors of a zombie apocalypse.
Survivors of the zombie epidemic have learned that growing attached to other survivors is not advisable because they could die at any moment, so many have taken to using their city of origin as nicknames.
The group awakens to find the Beast being crushed by a monster truck driven by Albuquerque and Flagstaff, who strongly resemble Tallahassee and Columbus.
Super zombies arrive, and Albuquerque explains they have turned back from their journey west due to hordes of super zombies moving east.
Rejoining the group, she explains that her nut allergy caused symptoms similar to zombification when Columbus spared her in the forest.
A satisfied Tallahassee departs, only to find a horde of super zombies attracted by the commune's fireworks and runs back to warn the group.
Left without guns, Tallahassee devises a plan to kill the zombies with exploding biodiesel and then have commune members armed with barricade shields corral the stragglers off of a skyscraper with Tallahassee himself as the bait.
Tallahassee uses a construction crane hook to dangle just out of reach, but the last two zombies seize his leg as they fall, and Little Rock shoots them with a pistol given to her earlier by Tallahassee, rescuing him.
Little Rock breaks up with Berkeley, who hooks up with Madison; they stay behind as the group, joined by Nevada, leave Babylon.
In October 2011, it was reported that Fox Broadcasting Company and Sony Pictures were considering a television adaption of the series to be aired on CBS, with Paul Wernick and Rhett Reese writing the script, but with the main actors of the original film likely not returning.
In January 2013, it was revealed that the casting call for the production just went out for the main characters, with a few changes to the movie for the show and the addition of two new characters, Atlanta and Ainsley.
She was widely known for her love affairs and was the lover of Stanisław August Poniatowski as well as of Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (ambassador), who benefitted the career of her spouse.
The first ascent of Truce Mountain was made August 9, 1916, by Conrad Kain, H. Otto Frind, Elise Hopkins, Albert H. MacCarthy, Elizabeth MacCarthy, Margaret Stone, Winthrop E. Stone, Mrs. George E. Vincent, and John Vincent.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Truce Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Powdermill Run drains of area, receives about 52.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 359.94, and has an average water temperature of 8.58°C.
Karol Stefani Bermúdez Da Costa Martínez (born 18 April 2001) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liverpool FC (Montevideo) and the Uruguay women's national team.
Bermúdez represented Uruguay at the 2018 South American U-17 Women's Championship, the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup and the 2018 South American U-20 Women's Championship.
The 2020 New Holland Canadian Junior Curling Championships was held from January 18 to 26 at the Langley Curling Centre and the George Preston Recreation Centre in Langley, British Columbia.
In the women's final, Mackenzie Zacharias and her rink of Karlee Burgess, Emily Zacharias and Lauren Lenentine out of the Altona Curling Club in Altona, Manitoba capped off a perfect 11-0 record defeating Alberta's Abby Marks rink 10-3 including a score of four in the eighth end.
In the men's final, Jacques Gauthier and his team of Jordan Peters, Brayden Payette and Zach Bilawka curling out of the Assiniboine Memorial Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba defeated Newfoundland's Daniel Bruce rink 8-6 to make it an all Manitoba sweep in both the men's and women's events.
The BC Junior Championships were held from December 28, 2019 - January 2, 2020 at the Victoria Curling Club in Victoria, British Columbia.
The Telus Junior Provincial Championships were held from December 31, 2019 - January 5, 2020 at the Dauphin Recreation Centre in Dauphin, Manitoba.
The New Brunswick Papa John's Pizza U21 Championships were held from December 27–30, 2019 at the Thistle St. Andrews Curling Club in Saint John, New Brunswick.
The Junior Provincials were held from December 27–29, 2019 at the Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club in St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
The men's championship was held in a double round robin format, the women's event was held in a best of five series between two rinks.
The men's championship was held in a best of five series between two rinks, the women's event was held in a double round robin format.
The AMJ Campbell U21 Championships were held from December 27–31, 2019 at the Lakeshore Curling Club in Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia.
The Pepsi PEI Provincial Junior Curling Championships were held from December 27–29, 2019 at the Crapaud Community Curling Club in Crapaud, Prince Edward Island.
The Quebec Performance Brush U21 Provincials were held from January 6–8, 2020 at the Club de curling Rivière-du-Loup in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec.
The men's championship was held in a round robin format, the women's event was held in a best of five series between two rinks.
The Junior Provincials were held from December 27, 2019 – January 1, 2020 at the Sutherland Curling Club in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
It has historically been performed by solo female vocalists, although in modern times it is performed both individual and in groups, and both men and women.
The songs can be performed in vocal, vocal instrumental, or instrumental as well as monophonic/multipart renditions, as musical genre, or incorporated into dance.
Popevka commonly takes place in social and community gatherings, such as weddings, religious gatherings, annual holidays, and in modern times, folk festivals.
Grace Nelson Stensland, better known as Nellie Gardini or Madame Gardini (1877 - January 8, 1970) was an American singer and educator.
She was known for her opera singing and for working as the head of the voice department of the Chicago Musical College.
The church was built in 1907 for Salem's congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church; the congregation had to raise the funds for the church twice, as its treasurer stole the original funds during its construction.
Their design includes a rusticated stone exterior, a large rounded window, arched entrances supported by stone columns, and two square towers.
Interior designer and church member Vi Mueller redesigned the church's sanctuary in 1968; her design repurposed household items to create elaborate decorations at a low cost.
In his previous fight, Naseem Hamed had defeated César Soto to add the WBC featherweight championship to his own WBO version of the title.
Hamed had originally hoped to keep both titles, however, as at the time the WBO was not a major sanctioning body, the WBC refused to allow Hamed to hold their title with the WBO's and he was subsequently stripped in January 2000.
Shortly after Hamed's victory over Soto, his team began negoiations with former WBO super-bantamweight champion Junior Jones to be Hamed's next opponent for a scheduled March 11 fight.
Only a week after the cancellation of the Hamed–Jones fight, it was announced that Hamed and then-current IBF super bantamweight champion Vuyani Bungu would meet instead.
The fight between Hamed and Bungu had been over a year in the making, as both fighters had been two of the most successful champions in their respective weight classes with Hamed having been WBO featherweight champion for over four years, while Bungu had held the IBF super bantamweight title for over five years.
When the magic carpet reached the floor, Combs himself met Hamed and walked him the rest of the way to the ring.
HBO executive Seth Abraham announced that Hamed would no longer enter his fights in America with an extravagant entrance to the level he did with this fight.
Bungu tried to be aggressive but, Hamed hit Bungu with a mixture of jabs and power punches and easily won the first three rounds.
Bungu attempted to get back up but was unable to beat referee Joe Cortez's 10 count, giving Hamed the knockout victory at 1:38 of the fourth round.
Prior to launching HFZ in 2005, Feldman was principal at the national development firm Property Markets Group (PMG), which he co-founded with Kevin Maloney in 1991.
In 2013, HFZ and partner Fortress Investment Group purchased four Manhattan rental buildings, including The Astor, from Westbrook Partners for more than $610 million.
In May 2015, HFZ acquired a full-block site in Chelsea, Manhattan between 17th and 18th Street, and 10th and 11th Avenue for $870 million from Edison Properties.
Disowned (Italian: Ripudiata) is a 1955 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Giorgio Walter Chili and starring Alberto Farnese, Hélène Rémy and Laura Nucci.
Lucie van Dam van Isselt or Lucie Dam van Isselt later Lucie Ekker (June 15, 1871 – June 7, 1949) was a Dutch artist known for her floral paintings.
First 20 volumes contain around 243,000 entries, while the complete Dictionary is expected to have 40 volumes and around 500,000 entries.
By comparison, the Oxford English Dictionary has around 300,000, German Deutsches Wörterbuch has around 350,000, and Dutch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal has about 430,000 entries.
The ceremony was announced on 1 July 2014, and recognised excellence in Australian community television of the eligibility period, running from 1 January 2013 to 31 May 2014.
This was the 8th Antenna Awards ceremony, revived to celebrate 20 years since the first broadcasts of community television in Melbourne and Brisbane.
Weeks before the ceremony was held, the Minister for Communications, Malcolm Turnbull, announced that community television stations would no longer be licensed to access terrestrial broadcast spectrum from January 2016.
While subsequent license extensions were granted, it would be the last Antenna Awards to air on terrestrial television in Sydney and Brisbane.
Wendy Naiely Carballo Rosa (born 28 July 2002) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Arachanas Cerro Largo and the Uruguay women's national team.
Stephen Goodwin Olmstead (born November 10, 1929) is a highly decorated retired officer in the United States Marine Corps with a rank of Lieutenant General.
His last assignment was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Drug Policy and Enforcement and the Director of the Department of Defense Task Force on Drug Enforcement.
Stephen G. Olmstead was born on November 10, 1929 in Albany, New York, he graduated from Bethlehem Central High School in summer 1947 and completed one year at the Champlain College in Plattsburgh, New York.
Olmstead subsequently enlisted the Marine Corps in August 1948 and was ordered to the boot camp at Parris Island, South Carolina.
Olmstead was promoted to the rank of Private First Class and participated in the Inchon Landing in September 1950 and then in Chosin Reservoir Campaign in November–December 1950, where he served as Squad leader.
He then remained at Marine Corps Base Quantico and served consecutively as Platoon leader and Company Executive Officer within the School's Demonstration Troops until early 1953.
While at Quantico, Olmstead was promoted to first lieutenant in October 1952 and completed the correspondence course at the Naval Justice School at Newport, Rhode Island.
In March 1954, Olmstead was promoted to Captain and ordered to the Manchester, New Hampshire for duty as Inspector-Instructor with 18th Rifle Company, Marine Corps Reserve.
He was responsible for the training of Marine reservists there until October 1957, when he was sent to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina for duty as Assistant Operations Officer, 2nd Battalion, 8th Marines, 2nd Marine Division.
During January 1958, Olmstead was reassigned as a company commander, 2nd Reconnaissance Battalion, 2nd Marine Division under Major general Joseph C. Burger and served in this capacity until July 1959, when he was sent to the Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia for an instruction.
He remained in that capacity until July 1961, when he was sent back to the United States for duty as an instructor at the Army Intelligence School at Fort Holabird, Maryland.
Olmstead returned to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina in July 1964 and joined 6th Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division as Regimental Operations officer.
While in this capacity, he took part in the amphibious landing during the period of unrests in Dominican Republic in April 1965.
He was ordered to Saigon, where he was attached to the headquarters, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam under General William C. Westmoreland.
He was then attached to the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska and served as operations officer until June 1969.
While in this assignment, Olmstead participated in the evaluation of target intelligence in support of the Single Integrated Operational Plan, the United States' general plan for nuclear war.
His duties included the coordination of intelligence having a direct impact on the National Strategic Target List and Joint Chiefs of Staff Single Integrated Operation Plan.
Olmstead was subsequently ordered to the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, where he completed the Senior Course in June 1970 and also graduated with Master of Science degree from the correspondence course in the international affairs at the George Washington University.
He was then assigned to the Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C. and appointed Branch Head in the Operations Division (G-3) under Major general Clifford B. Drake.
In July 1973, Olmstead was ordered to Okinawa, Japan and assumed command of 9th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division under Major general Fred E. Haynes Jr.
While in this capacity, he conducted several inspection trips to Phnom Penh, Cambodia during the ongoing Civil War and held additional duty as Ground Security Force commander.
Olmstead also participated in the planning of Operation Eagle Pull, military evacuation by air of Phnom Penh, which occurred after his departure for the United States.
Olmstead was ordered to Gaeta, Italy in May 1974 and joined the staff of Commander, United States Sixth Fleet under Vice admiral Frederick C. Turner.
He served as the Fleet Marine Officer until his promotion to Brigadier general on April 1, 1976, when he was ordered back to the United States for new assignment.
Olmstead was then sent to the Marine Corps Development and Education Command, Quantico and served as Deputy for Development and Director of Development Center, Quantico under lieutenant general Joseph C. Fegan Jr.
He was responsible for the development and testing of new tactics, equipment and techniques and in January 1977, he was given additional duty as Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development and Studies at the Headquarters Marine Corps.
Upon his promotion to Major general on May 23, 1978, Olmstead was appointed Commanding general, Camp Pendleton, California and served in this capacity until July 1980, when he was sent to Okinawa for duty as Commanding general, III Marine Amphibious Force and Commanding General, 3rd Marine Division.
His command was responsible for the defense of Far East area and Olmstead received Legion of Merit and Korean Order of National Security Merit, 3rd Class.
Olmstead was transferred to the Headquarters Marine Corps at the end of June 1982 and assumed duty as Deputy Chief of Staff for Reserve Affairs.
He served in this capacity until July 1984, when he assumed duty as Commanding General, Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina.
While in this capacity, he held additional duty as Commanding general, Eastern Recruiting Region and served in this assignment until July 1, 1986, when he retired from active duty.
His retirement did not last long and he was recalled to active duty in October 1986, when President Ronald Reagan appointed him with Senate confirmation to serve as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Drug Policy and Enforcement and the Director of the Department of Defense Task Force on Drug Enforcement.
Olmstead's office loaned equipment to other law enforcement agencies like Coast Guard, Border Patrol, Customs from rifles, binoculars, ground sensor equipment, radar to Airborne Radar Aircraft etc.
His office also provided specialized training and technical assistance within the Department of Defense and provided aerial surveillance in the Caribbean, along the Mexican Border, the Gulf of Mexico, and the offshore waters of California and Florida.
He served in this assignment until June 1989, when he retired from active duty for second time, completing 41 years of service.
Olmstead received Defense Distinguished Service Medal for service as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Drug Policy and Enforcement and the Director of the Department of Defense Task Force on Drug Enforcement.
He is past President of Partners Against Drug Abuse, Inc. and served on the Board of Directors of the International Narcotic Enforcement Officers Association.
Olmstead was National Chairman of the Marine Corps League Exposition Committee, is past president of the United States Marine Youth Foundation and past president of The Chosin Few, a Korea veterans organization.
He is married to former Vera L. Mead and they have a three children: Barbara J., Elizabeth A. and Stephen G., also a Marine officer.
White Oak Run drains of area, receives about 49.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 378.29, and has an average water temperature of 8.74°C.
Set several hundred years in the future, it concerns a dystopian society living on pontoons above a flooded earth and surviving by scavenging the oceans and processing vestiges of soil.
Divers explore the waters and discover relics of the 20th century, leading to surmise and commentary about how life was lived at that time.
Böll had a particular interest in environmental conservation, as evidenced by the Heinrich Böll Foundation set up in fulfilment of his bequest, and this interest is strongly demonstrated in Ein Schluck Erde, the theme of which is highly resonant with the environmental issues emerging in the first quarter of the 21st century.
During his career with Tulane University's Middle American Research Institute, Andrews focused on Mayan ruins, rediscovering several sites and leading investigation into Balankanche, Kulubá, Coba, and more.
In 1933 he enrolled at the University of Chicago where he worked at the Field Museum on the subject of Maya hieroglyphics and herpetology.
Andrews devoted the last 40 years of his life to the study of the Mayan civilization, dedicating particular focus on the north of the peninsula as in Dzibilchaltún site that he had already visited before the war.
He was first to conjecture that this archaeological site was a large Mayan urban center and not a set of sites in a large archaeological area as originally thought.
After his death in 1971, Andrew's son, E. Wyllys Andrews V served as director of the Middle American Research Institute at Tulane, from 1975 until 2009 and continued as an emeritus professor.
The land at the site was in the first half of the 19th century owned by a farm named Christianshvile .
He adapted the main building into a country house in around 1850 and sold most of the land off in lots prior to his death in 1852.
Bianco Lunos Side Allé was in 1879 renamed Grundtvigsvej in commemoration of Grundtvig who had died a couple of years earlier.
Christianshvile's main building was demolished when the parallel streetHenrik Steffens Vejwas, one block further to the west, was created in 1907.
Issues in retirement security refers to growing economic concerns and societal issues over the ability of individual workers and other individuals in society to have an economically secure retirement.
After looking to expand in 2015, the company established a venture with 19-year-old Ronak Pandya, son of entrepreneur and restaurateur Jay Pandya, who owns dozens of restaurants in New Jersey, New York and Connecticut.
He is running for mayor of Paris in the 2020 election, after winning the Green Party nomination over Julien Bayou in June 2019.
Belliard was born 29 mai 1978 in La Teste-de-Buch, and was then raised in Augicourt, near Vesoul, in rural France, in a working class family.
After studying in Nancy, he studied at EdHEC, a business School in Lille, borrowing money and working to finance his studies.
He was elected to the Town Council of Paris and as a Councillor for the 11th arrondissement of Paris in the 2014 election.
Abolfazl Darvishvand (; born 13 January 1997) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Iranian club Shahin Bushehr in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He made his debut for Shahin Bushehr in 2nd fixtures of 2019–20 Iran Pro League against Paykan while he substituted in for Bahman Salari (after Maksime Kvilitaia,the Goalkeeper, Sent off), in 12'.
The Franco-German Youth Office (FGYO; , OFAJ; , DFJW) is an organisation to subsidize programs for children, adolescents and young adults.
The Youth Office was one of the first institutions created on the basis of the Élysée Treaty that was signed in 1963 in Paris.
It is now headquartered in Paris, with its main German office in Berlin and a branch office, which opened in 2014, in Saarbrücken.
Luciana Alexandra Gómez Del Río (born 22 September 1984) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Rampla Juniors.
An unused goalkeeper at the 2003 South American Women's Football Championship, Gómez played for Uruguay at senior level in two Copa América Femenina editions (2006 and 2014) and the 2007 Pan American Games.
Casey Potter Carlson Goode, better known as Quigley, is an American social media influencer and electropop musician based in Los Angeles, California.
Stephen Roche (born 31 December 1992) is an Irish hurler who plays for Waterford Championship club Mount Sion and at inter-county level with the Waterford senior hurling team.
She was married to Ditlev Carl Philibert Bonfils (1718–1773) from Alsace, who had a successful brewery and vine trade in Copenhagen, delivering to the Danish royal company.
The company belonged to the biggest in Denmark, and she was one of the most notable businesswomen in Denmark, alongside Anna Magdalena Godiche, Johanne Wadum Black Erichsen and Elisabeth Christine Berling.
The 1916 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated.
At state level the Gem State had begun in 1902 to be very much a one-party Republican state, which it has largely remained since apart from the New Deal era of the 1930s and 1940s.
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson had carried Idaho by 1.06 points with less than one third of the total vote due to severe divisions within the GOP between conservative incumbent William Howard Taft and Progressive former President Theodore Roosevelt.
The consequence of these trends was that Idaho would vote strongly for Wilson over Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes, who was viewed as an easterner who epitomized the oligarchic interests so suspect in the Mountain States.
The 1977 Düsseldorf International was a men's Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held in Düsseldorf, West Germany and played on outdoor clay courts.
BECAUSE (Bisexual Empowerment Conference: A Uniting, Supportive Experience) is an annual, national conference for the bisexual community and other bi+ people that takes place in the Twin Cities in Minnesota.
As a result, the Bisexual Connection (Minnesota) sponsored the creation of BECAUSE, which stands for Bisexual Empowerment Conference: A Uniting, Supportive Experience.
Since 2017, a burlesque and variety show called Bi-Lesque has been organized by BOP to help fund BOP and its programs.
The Bisexual Community Needs Assessment 2012 was published by BOP partnering with OutFront Minnesota, the PFund Foundation, and the Gender and Sexuality Student Services Office (GSSSO) at the Metropolitan State University.
Thiémé was born in Valenciennes on 11 July 1952, to a railway worker father active in the General Confederation of Labour.
The leaves grow from the base and along the stems, mostly narrow egg-shaped or more linear, long, wide, sharply pointed without a stalk.
In New South Wales grass daisy is a widespread species growing in coastal districts in wet locations, cliff edges and at higher altitudes in freshwater swamps and streams.
In Victoria it grows widespread over much of the State in salt laden coastal marshes in the Glenelg River area to Mallacoota.
On 11 January, Russia announced that a ceasefire had been agreed to in the are of Idlib and Northwest Syria, between Russia, Syria, Syrian rebels and Turkey.
This was due to requests by Turkey for a ceasefire, in order to stop the flood of Syrian refugees into Turkey.
However, some regional news outlets reported that Syria launched further attacks near Idlib, in Ma'arrat al-Nu'man district and the villages of Maar Shoreen, Talmenes, and Maar Shamshah, even after the ceasefire had officially begun.
On 18 January, 2020, U.S. troops blocked a Russian convoy from entering Rmelan, where the U.S. is protecting oil fields under SDF control.
Tension occurred between the two groups as U.S. soldiers asked the Russian soldiers to return to the Amuda district in northwest of Al-Hasakah Governorate.
The UN Security Council is currently having a major dispute over the re-authorization for border-crossing points into Syria to deliver aid.
In December 2019, China and Russia vetoed the current proposal to renew all four existing crossing points, which are located in Iraq, Jordan, and Turkey; they wish to eliminate all crossing points except the ones in Turkey.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election.
Dans Radio 103.9 (DXAL 103.9 MHz) is an FM station owned by South Cotabato Communications Corporation (the media arm of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marbel) and operated by the Fit Mart Group of Companies.
Wanderers of the West is a 1941 American Western film directed by Robert F. Hill and written by Robert Emmett Tansey.
Ulrich von Güttingen (died 14 February 1277) was the abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1272 until his death.
Dependent on the burghers for his position, Ulrich granted them a charter that expanded their rights and privileges in 1272 or 1273.
All of this proved futile, since Rudolf appointed one of the abbey's own ministerials, Ulrich von Ramschwag, as advocate over Ulrich's objections.
He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2017 for contributions to nanocomputing architectures and paradigms.
He then moved to the Netherlands where he studied electrical engineering at Delft University of Technology, graduating from it with a Ph.D.
Currently he serves on the faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science of Delft University of Technology in Delft, Netherlands.
Between those appointments, he also was a chair of the Giga-Nano IEEE CASS Technical Committee from 2013 to 2015 and the IEEE Nano Council CASS representative from 2013 to 2014.
First unveiled in the Russian Army Expo 2017 alongside the AMB-17, the AM-17 (, awaiting GRAU designation), is a assault rifle that uses standard intermediate cartridge 5.45×39mm 7N10 cartridge.
It was developed and manufactured by in the late 2010s by Kalashnikov Concern based on the Yevgeny Dragunov MA Compact Rifle.
The weapon is intended for use as a close quarters weapon, primarily for military and law enforcement units of the Russian Interior Ministry, Russian National Guard, and Russian Army to replace the AKS-74U.
The AM-17 unlike previous firearms in current use by the Russian military differentiates itself by employing two receivers that connect on a hinge instead of a single stamped receiver with a lid.
To do this the upper receiver itself is made from polymer and steel reinforcements, while the lower receiver along with its magazine housing is made entirely from polymer and connected to the upper receiver by two captive take down cross-pins reducing the weight of the firearm significantly and allowing for easier access into the internal operation.
The gas operated action within is a short stroke gas piston and rotary bolt which locks with three radial lugs on the bolt head similar to historic 9x39mm carbines such as the VSK-94.
The bolt carrier within the upper receiver is almost streamline by design raising it towards the bolt group reducing both bolt friction and felt user recoil.
The weapon has an integrated upper full-length MIL-STD/1913 Picatinny railing, polymer side-folding and adjustable (telescoping) shoulder stock, and longitudinal slots in the walls of the upper receiver allowing for ambidextrous controls in both the fire selector and charging handle.
The command is responsible for the organization, training, equipping, command and control (C2), and employment of space forces to support operational plans and missions for U.S. combatant commanders.
Space Operations Command serves as the headquarters and staff for United States Space Command’s (USSPACECOM) Combined Force Space Component Command (CFSCC).
On 20 December 2019, the USAF's Fourteenth Air Force was redesignated as the United States Space Force's Space Operations Command (SPOC).
Space Operations Command is responsible for providing strategic missile warning, nuclear command, control and communication, positioning, navigation and timing, Space Domain Awareness, satellite operations, space launch and range operations.
Four failures of the N-1 Rocket super heavy-lift launch vehicle and the success of the U.S Apollo program ended the Soviet manned moon program and the space race.
The first docking of two spacecraft was achieved on March 16, 1966 when Gemini 8 rendezvoused and docked with an unmanned Agena Target Vehicle.
Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 performed the first docking of two manned spacecraft on January 16, 1969, coupled with a spacewalk.
Then, the Apollo 9 spacecraft/command and service module (CSM) completed a rendezvous and docked with the Lunar Module (LM) on March 3, 1969, using a transfer tunnel.
Soyuz Kontakt was designed for the Soviet lunar orbit rendezvous of the Soyuz 7K-OK manned lunar orbiter spacecraft and Soviet LK lunar lander for the Soviet space program.
Once docked, the crew would then perform an EVA (or extravehicular activity) to transfer to the LK lander (the passive craft).
For the tests, two Soyuz 11A511 rockets would have put the active Soyuz 7K-OK manned spacecraft on earth orbit along with another, modified 7K-OK (with the grid adaptation) to be the passive craft.
The vehicle was 7.95m (26.08 ft) tall with a span of 9.80m (32.10 ft), and a gross mass of 6,560 kg (14,460 lb).
The failure of the N-1 and the death of the Soyuz 11 crew in June 1971 lead to the redesign of the Soyuz spacecraft.
Soyuz s/n 21 was planned to launch in early 1972 with a cosmonaut crew of two, Anatoly Filipchenko and Georgy Grechko.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election.
At state level the Gem State had begun in 1902 to be very much a one-party Republican state, which it has largely remained since apart from the New Deal era of the 1930s and 1940s.
By the beginning of 1920 skyrocketing inflation and Wilson's focus upon his proposed League of Nations at the expense of domestic policy had helped make the incumbent President very unpopular – besides which Wilson also had major health problems that had left First Lady Edith effectively running the nation.
With the very strong interior isolationist and anti-League of Nations sentiment of Northern and Central Idaho, and local senator William Borah saying that all wars should be subject to a referendum in September, it was apparent that the Gem State would swing very strongly against the pro-League Cox, especially as the extremely independent Borah endorsed Harding on October 3.
Cox did make a brief visit to the state in mid-September, The state’s opposition to Cox’s platform became further apparent when on October 24 the Democratic nominee said he did not accept that Congress should be able to veto presidential calls for war against foreign countries.
As early as the end of August, Harding campaign strategists led by Washington State Senator Miles Poindexter were saying Cox’s pro-League policies would lose him the West.
a straw poll at the beginning of October vindicated Poindexter: Harding led Cox in Idaho by slightly less than a two-to-one margin.
after internationalist GOP nominee Charles Evans Hughes won just five counties in 1916, Harding carried every Idaho county by double digits.
These coronae have relatively similar structure: an uplifted concentric feature with a central dome and surrounded by a relatively flat interior floor.
Costantino Aiuti (1 May 1876 – 29 July 1928) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
He was on the staff of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith when, on 28 May 1925, Pope Pius XI named him a titular bishop and the first Apostolic Delegate to Indochina.
The French missionaries and bishops long accustomed to managing Church affairs in Indochina did not welcome the establishment of a Vatican delegation for the region nor the appointment of an Italian to head it.
The French press reported only his formal statements and activities while Vietnamese Catholic newspapers described his travels and pastoral visits in great detail, noting his praise of the Vietnamese priests for their Latin and of missionaries who shared meals with their Vietnamese colleagues.
Schuyler was born in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, in 1636 as the son of Pieter Tjercks (no family name) and Geertruyt Philips Van Schuylder.
His brother was Philip Pieterse Schuyler, the progenitor of the Schuyler family, the ancestor of the descendants of founding father Alexander Hamilton with his wife Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton.
Schuyler was married to Catharina Verplanck in 1657 at the New Amsterdam Dutch Church, daughter of Dutch-born Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck and French-born Maria de la Vigne.
His wife Catalyn died between 1699, when she petitioned for an addition of 14 feet to her lot, and 1709, when the lot was occupied by her sons Their children included Myndert Schuyler, who was Mayor of Albany and David Davidse Schuyler who was a fur trader as well as a Mayor of Albany.
Mikko Pekka Johannes Kinnunen (born 16 July 1967 in Merijärvi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Oulu constituency.
Juha Pylväs (born 24 March 1971) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Oulu constituency.
Pekka Juhani Aittakumpu (born 30 June 1981 in Oulu) is a Finnish Lutheran priest and politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Oulu constituency.
The narrative focuses on siblings Kate, Michael, and Emma as they race to find the Book of Death before the primary antagonist Dire Magnus.
Drew Gooden was also credited with his role in Camp Unplug, a show on Vine produced by Karyn Spencer and Jeremy Cabalona and written by Vine creators.
The Egongyan Rail Transit Bridge is located about 70 meters upstream of the old Egongyan Bridge which carries only road traffic.
The overall bridge is long, with a main span, making it the longest cable supported transit only bridge in the world by main span.
The match will be played between the Indigenous All Stars and the Māori All Stars, being played at Queensland's Cbus Super Stadium, the original venue the fixture was first played at.
Tessa Temata (c. 1967 – 8 December 2019) was a New Zealand career diplomat and lawyer who served as High Commissioner to the Cook Islands from February 2019 until her death in December 2019.
Temata was the first person of Cook Islander descent to serve as High Commissioner to the Cook Islands, as well as the first female High Commissioner of Pacific Islander descent to be posted anywhere in Oceania.
Prior to her appointment as High Commissioner, Temata had served as a diplomat in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, and Niue.
Temata obtained a both a Bachelor of Law and a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and international politics from Victoria University of Wellington.
From 2010 to 2012, Temata was country director for HOPEworldwidePNG, a non-governmental organization focused on community healthcare, as well as agriculture and education in Papua New Guinea.
Before becoming High Commissioner, Temata served concurrently as the New Zealand's lead negotiator for the PACER Plus free trade agreement, which would include Australia, New Zealand and other members of the Pacific Islands Forum, as well as the unit manager of the Pacific Regional Division, headquartered in Wellington.
Temata officially became New Zealand's High Commissioner to the Cook Islands in February 2019, becoming the first person of Cook Islander descent to hold the position, as well as the second woman to serve as High Commissioner.
Temata was also the first woman of Pacific Island descent to head a New Zealand diplomatic mission anywhere in the Pacific Islands region.
Tessa Temata died in Palmerston North, New Zealand, where she had been receiving medical treatment, on 8 December 2019, at the age of 52.
A memorial service was held on 19 December 2019 at Ngatipa, the official residence of the New Zealand High Commission in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
Abdelkader Ghorab (born February 28, 1998 in Hachem, Algeria) is an Algerian footballer who plays as a forward for Paradou AC in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
On August 9, 2019, Ghorab scored Paradou's first ever goal in African competition in the 3-0 win over CI Kamsar of Guinea in the preliminary round of the 2019–20 CAF Confederation Cup.
A Deluxe Edition was also released in a digital-only format, which contains an extra 22 tracks on top of the initial 18, bringing the total number of songs to 40.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election.
Lorenzi (1992: 176) also includes the popular names: angelim falso, faveira, faveira-dura, faveira-ferro and faveiro-do-grande) is an canopy-emergent tropical rainforest tree species in the family Fabaceae.
It is found in Guyana, Suriname and Amazonia Brazil (in the northern and central-western states of Amapa, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Para, Rondonia, Roraima and Tocantins).
The unarmed, trunk cylindrical, the bole of larger specimens 15-22.5 m, up to 3 m in diameter at soil level, DBH (23-)80cm-2 m, moderately to strongly buttressed, the buttresses to 4-5 m tall.
The discovery was made by using aerial sensors over Paru State Forest, which is shared by the Brazilian Amazon basin states of Amapa and Para.
It initially aired from every Monday to Thursday from 7.30 pm to 8 pm onwards but later changed to air on every weekday at 9 pm to 9.30 pm.
The 2019 AFL Tasmania TSL premiership season is an Australian rules football competition staged across Tasmania, Australia over twenty-one (21) home and away rounds and six (6) finals series matches between 30 March and 21 September.
Roger C. Mosby is the President and CEO of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), having succeeded the retiring Michael B. Surbaugh on December 29, 2019.
Born in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, his parents and family moved to Union County, Illinois where he attended elementary and high school.
He graduated from Shawnee High School in Wolf Lake, Illinois, going on to Southeast Missouri State University earning a Bachelor of Science in 1973.
Though not a Scout professional, Mosby was a youth member in the Egyptian Council (Union County, Illinois), a longtime volunteer in the Mid-America and Sam Houston Area councils.
Prior to his selection as the Chief Scout Executive he ran is own consulting firm after retiring as an energy industry executive.
Mosby has been recognized with the Silver Beaver Award, Silver Antelope Award, and the Vigil Honor member of the Order of the Arrow.
The river is mostly bound by the French River Provincial Park on its northern shore, and by Henvey Inlet First Nation Reserve on its southern shore.
The Key River flows through typical Canadian Shield country, in many places exposing rugged glaciated rock cliffs and outcrops with shallow soils and sections of marshy lowlands.
In 1850 they signed the Robinson-Huron Treaty with the British crown which included provisions for establishing the Henvy Inlet First Nation Reserve number 2, bordering the southern shore of the Key River.
Starting in 1907, a rail line was constructed to the mouth of the Key River at Key Harbour, connecting it to an iron ore mine in the Sudbury area.
Large piers and a powerhouse were constructed at Key Harbour to unloaded rail cars of iron ore into large freighter ships for further transport to markets.
During the period from 1929-1938, coal was unloaded at Key Harbour for the Canadian National Railway Company using a long dock constructed into the harbour.
In 2018 the Parry Sound forest fire burned more than a dozen cottages and structures and consumed of forest in the areas to the north and south of the Key River.
Reptiles found in the area include northern water snake, the threatened massasauga rattlesnake, the threatened fox snake, snapping turtles, and the endangered five-lined skink.
Vegetation of the forests surrounding the river consists of eastern white pine trees, jack pine trees, white birch trees, eastern juniper bushes, blueberry bushes and many moss and lichen species.
Much of the forest along the banks of the Key river were completely burnt by the 2018 Parry Sound forest fire.
The heads are equipped with a pump-action lever, that can be used to pump sewage into the black water treatment tanks held aboard or into the ocean water.
Above decks was the wheelhouse mounted on the forward cabin's coaming; aft of that, the exposed breezeway; and, mounted on the after cabin's coaming, a Zodiac launch as well as a food locker and barbeque.
In 1954 she was built for the RCN as YFM 308 (Yard Ferry, Man) and served as a harbour ferry boat.
The 2019–20 Coppin State Eagles men's basketball team represent Coppin State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Eagles, led by 3rd-year head coach Juan Dixon, play their home games at the Physical Education Complex in Baltimore, Maryland as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
In the MEAC Tournament, they defeated Morgan State in the first round, before falling to North Carolina A&T in the quarterfinals.
Hanna-Leena Mattila (born 1 September 1968) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Oulu constituency.
Risto Olavi Kalliorinne (born 11 October 1971 in Raahe) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Oulu constituency.
Sant’Antonio al Monte () is a Franciscan church and convent, located just outside the city of Rieti, in the province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The monastery was founded in 1474, with the approval by Pope Sixtus IV, and funded with donations by the local citizenry.
Petri Juhani Huru (born 19 September 1966 in Pori) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Satakunta constituency.
Alberta sent the largest number of delegates at 89, British Columbia sent the second at 85, Manitoba sent 46, Saskatchewan sent 17, and Ontario sent 2.
The British Columbia Federation of Labour had met already 3 days prior to the event and had prepared several resolutions to propose.
The British Columbia Federation of Labour was viewed as having the most radical beliefs of any of the attending groups of delegates.
The resolutions proposed by the The British Columbia Federation of Labour were for a working schedule with a 6 hour work day, the end of allied interference in Russia, the severing off connections with international unions outside of Canada, the end of the political imprisonment of Canadian citizens, and the acknowledgement of the current impediment of labor movements under the capitalist economic system.
If these demands were not met by the Canadian government by June 1, 1919, the newly formed One Big Union (Canada) would call for a general strike.
More moderate delegates of the conference proposed the idea of polling all registered Canadian trade unionists on the decision of the creation of the One Big Union (Canada) as well as the formal leaving of Trades and Labour Congress of Canada and American Federation of Labor.
In its place it was agreed that a committee would be formed to familiarize Canadian workers with the concept of One Big Union (Canada).
The AF RMR Express (15055 / 15056) is an express train belonging to Indian Railways - North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Agra Fort and Ramnagar in India.
The 15055 AF RMR Express leaves Agra Fort on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 13:05 hrs IST and reaches the Ramnagar at 00:15 hrs IST.
On return, the 15056 AF RMR Express leaves Ramnagar on Tuesday, Friday and Sunday at 17:50 hrs IST and reaches the Agra Fort at 05:00 hrs IST.
The 500m-long snow wall is formed each spring on either side of the highway after snow is cleared for the opening of the Alpine Route.
The awe-inspiring snow wall can reach a height of up to 20m (comparable to a seven-story building), One side of the road is designated for pedestrians, allowing you to walk between the walls of snow and enjoy the towering structures to your heart’s content.
Dublin Landings is a commercial and residential development in the Docklands SDZ in the International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), Dublin 1, Ireland.
The development includes 300 PRS apartments, 70,000 sq m of commercial space and 1,600 sq m of retail and leisure space.
The 2.35 hectare site was developed by the Ballymore Group and Oxley Holdings and occupiers include high profile tenants such as WeWork, the NTMA, NAMA and the Central Bank of Ireland.
A South Korean REIT, JR AMC, acquired 2 Dublin Landings for €106.5m in November 2018 and the Central Bank of Ireland acquired building 4 and 5 for a combined €210m in the same period.
Karl Heinz Schäfer (17 March 1932 – 12 October 1996) was a German-born composer and arranger who worked mainly in France.
Born in Frankfurt to Jewish parents, he moved with his mother during World War II to the United States, where he learned piano and flute.
He returned to Europe to study philosophy and linguistics at Heidelberg University, and settled in Paris, France, in the early 1950s.
He was a student of Olivier Messiaen at the Conservatoire de Paris, and in the evenings played piano in nightclubs, where he worked for a while as an accompanist to Stan Getz.
From the 1960s, he worked as an arranger in the French recording industry, for singers including Adamo and Charles Aznavour, and the band Rockets, and started working with Michel Magne on film soundtracks.
Dr. John Esmonde, was a physician from Sallins, Co. Kildare, and member of the United Irishmen, who was hanged in 1798 for having led the insurgents in the Battle of Prosperous, in Co. Kildare, during the risings of that year.
The eldest son, Thomas (1786–1868), succeeded his uncle Sir Thomas Esmonde, as the 9th baronet and was MP for Wexford borough (1841–7).
Bartholomew Esmonde (1789-1862) became a Jesuit priest, while their third son James joined the Royal Navy, and their fourth son Laurence joined the French Army.
Esmonde was a medical doctor and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland shortly after it was established.
As a Lieutenant in the Clane Yeomanry, he was court-martialed and deemed a deserter, and was executed by hanging (with his coat reversed to indicated he was a deserter) on June 13, 1798.
From 1924 to 1927, Bünger was Minister of Justice, 1928 Minister of Education, and from 26 June 1929 to 18 February 1930, Minister-President of Saxony.
He was married to Doris Hertwig-Bünger, and lived with her in the Landhaus Carp Schampel, in the Saxon town of Radebeul.
Świętojański Fair, Saint John's Fair, is a cultural and commercial event taking place in Poznań, traditionally in the second half of June, on the Old Market Square and adjacent streets.
The tradition of fairs dates back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (although they were held earlier), when there was the greatest flourishing fair trade in Poznan.
The largest fair took place around 24 June, on St. John's Day, and the subject of trade was then mainly grain and wool.
After the collapse of the trade in these articles, the fairs fell into decline, especially at the beginning of the 18th century.
The 19th century caused that the fairs also gained a social function and became the time of meetings of the Wielkopolska landowners (they were called St John's Day contracts).
The tradition was revived in 1975 on the initiative of President Andrzej Wituski (inspired by the appearance of Grand-Place in Brussels) and temporarily connected with the organization of the Poznań International Fair.
At that time, state trade prevailed and one could buy scarce goods, which were absent from the shelves of shops on ordinary days.
María Isabel Franco Sánchez (born 1970) is a Spanish journalist and politician from Citizens (Cs) who was her party's candidate for President of the Region of Murcia ahead of the 2019 Murcian regional election as well as Vice President of the Region of Murcia and Regional Minister of Women, Equality, LGTBI, Families and Social Policy since August 2019.
Walker competed for Wales at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India finishing 5th and the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland again finishing 5th.
In New Zealand, Volcano Alert Bulletins (VABs) are the official source of warnings and alerts including current Volcanic Alert Level (VAL), intended to inform stakeholder agencies, authorities, and the public about emergencies so they can take action.
The Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management, through The National Emergency Management Agency is responsible for providing such alerts to warn about natural hazards.
To help prevent harm when living or working on or near a volcano, countries have adopted classifications to describe the various levels and stages of volcanic activity, the two main volcano warning systems being colour codes and/or numeric alert levels.
The three common popular classifications of volcanoes can be subjective and some volcanoes thought to have been extinct have erupted again.
From 1986 Petre was Dean of the Faculty of History at the University of Bucharest, and from 1996 to 2000 she was a presidential advisor to the Romanian president Emil Constantinescu.
She was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French state with the rank of Commander in 1999 and the Order of the Dannebrog by the Danish state with rank of Grand Cross in 2000.
On 9 December 2019, a Chilean Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft crashed in the Drake Passage while en route to Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva, a Chilean military base on King George Island in Antarctica.
After being purchased by the Chilean Air Force for US$7 million, it was refurbished at Hill AFB, Utah, to C-130H standards and delivered in 2015 under the new tail number 990.
The flight was intended to provide supplies to a base in Chilean Antarctic Territory and to bring personnel to inspect a floating fuel supply line and other equipment at the base.
One day into the search, debris from an aircraft was found floating in the sea from the last known position of the missing aircraft.
Fifteen passengers were Chilean Air Force servicemen, three were Chilean soldiers, two were civilians employed by the Inproser engineering and construction firm, and one was a student at University of Magallanes.
is an American regional bank subsidiary of the U.S. financial services holding company OceanFirst Financial Corp founded and headquartered in Ocean County, New Jersey, with operations throughout New Jersey, metropolitan Philadelphia, and metropolitan New York City.
The Company offers online banking, current accounts, mobile banking, personal loans, debit cards, e-banking, mortgage loan, commercial lending, cash management, and insurance services.
OceanFirst Bank traces its history back to 1902 in Point Pleasant Beach, NJ, Ocean County, where it was founded as Ocean Federal Savings & Loan Association establishing local operations until 1985 when business expansion took place into Middlesex County, NJ.
Since then the bank has changed names two times, in 1989 from Ocean Federal Savings & Loan Association to the Ocean Federal Savings Bank and in 1999 to their current name OceanFirst Bank.
In 2018, OceanFirst became a bank holding company, OceanFirst Financial Corp, and the company completed the conversion of its charter from a federal savings bank to a national commercial bank.
OceanFirst Financial Corp. has been in a buying spree for the past four years (2015-2019), closing deals to acquire 7 different financial institutions in New Jersey, Philadelphia, and New York City.
T en, in January 2016, it agreed to buy Cape Bancorp, which was a bank with 22 branches and five loans offices, for $208 million.
In November 2016, it acquired for $146 million Ocean Shore’s subsidiary, Ocean City Home Bank, a community banks that dates back to 1887 in Ocean City with 11 branches in Atlantic and Cape May counties .
In January 2019, it closed an $102 million acquisition deal of Capital Bank of New Jersey; under the deal, Capital Bank operated as a division of OceanFirst Bank until its customers and accounts were integrated into the OceanFirst operating system in the second quarter of 2019, at which time Capital Bank was rebranded as OceanFirst Bank.
In August 2019, OceanFirst Financial Corp. announced the acquisition of Two River Bancorp and Country Bank Holding Company, Inc. in a transaction worth approximately $183 million and $102.2 million respectively.The transaction is pending approvals.
Two River Bancorp is a full-service community bank operating 14 branch locations and 2 loan production offices in Monmouth, Ocean, Union and Essex Counties.
Country Bank Holding Company Inc. was founded in 1988 and provides banking services to small businesses and individuals through its network of five Country Bank branches located in the metropolitan New York market.
The first commercial naming rights for Monmouth University stadium was announced in 2016, the name of the arena was changed from Multipurpose Activity Center to OceanFirst Bank Center following a multi-year naming rights sponsorship with OceanFirst.
John Wiseman (by 1515-58), of Great Canfield, Essex, was an English Member of Parliament for Maldon in November 1554 and for East Grinstead in 1555.
The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing multi-sided civil war in Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, along with domestic and foreign allies, and various domestic and foreign forces opposing both the Syrian government and each other in varying combinations.
The unrest in Syria, part of a wider wave of the 2011 Arab Spring protests, grew out of discontent with the Syrian government and escalated to an armed conflict after protests calling for Assad's removal were violently suppressed.
Iran, Russia, and Hezbollah support the Syrian Arab Republic and the Syrian Armed Forces militarily, with Russia conducting airstrikes and other military operations since September 2015.
The U.S.-led international coalition, established in 2014 with the declared purpose of countering ISIL, has conducted airstrikes primarily against ISIL as well as some against government and pro-government targets.
Since 2015, the U.S. has supported the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria and its armed wing, the SDF, materially, financially, and logistically.
Turkey has been directly involved in operations against the Syrian government since August 2016, not only participating in airstrikes against ISIL alongside the U.S.-led coalition, but also actively supporting the Syrian opposition and occupying large swaths of northwestern Syria while engaging in significant ground combat with ISIL, the SDF, and the Syrian government.
Between 2011 and 2017, fighting from the Syrian Civil War spilled over into Lebanon as opponents and supporters of the Syrian government traveled to Lebanon to fight and attack each other on Lebanese soil, with ISIL and Al-Nusra also engaging the Lebanese Army.
Furthermore, while officially neutral, Israel has conducted airstrikes against Hezbollah and Iranian forces, whose presence in southwestern Syria it views as a threat.
International organizations have criticized virtually all sides involved, including the Ba'athist Syrian government, ISIL, opposition rebel groups, Russia, and the U.S.-led coalition of severe human rights violations and massacres.
Over the course of the war, a number of peace initiatives have been launched, including the March 2017 Geneva peace talks on Syria led by the United Nations, but fighting continues.
The 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, code-named by Turkey as Operation Peace Spring (), is a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the Syrian National Army (SNA) against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and later the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) in northeastern Syria.
On 6 October 2019, the Trump administration ordered American troops to withdraw from northeastern Syria, where the United States had been supporting its Kurdish allies.
The conflict resulted in the displacement of over 300,000 people and has caused the death of more than 70 civilians in Syria and 20 civilians in Turkey.
Ten European nations and Canada imposed an arms embargo on Turkey, while the U.S. imposed sanctions on Turkish ministries and senior government officials in response to the offensive in Syria.
The Syrian government initially criticized the Kurdish forces for the Turkish offensive, for their separatism and not reconciling with the government, while at the same time also condemning the foreign invasion in Syrian territory.
However, a few days later, the SDF reached an agreement with the Syrian government, in which it would allow the Syrian Army to enter the SDF-held towns of Manbij and Kobanî in an attempt to defend the towns from the Turkish offensive.
On 17 October 2019, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence announced that the U.S. and Turkey agreed on a deal in which Turkey will agree to a ceasefire in Syria for 5 days in return for a complete withdrawal by the SDF from a safe zone south of the Syria-Turkey border.
On 22 October 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan reached a deal to extend the ceasefire by 150 additional hours for SDF to move 30 kilometers away from the border area as well as from Tal Rifaat and Manbij.
The terms of the deal also included joint Russian–Turkish patrols 10 kilometers into Syria from the border except in the city of Qamishli.
In October 2019, in response to the Turkish offensive, Russia arranged for negotiations between the Syrian government in Damascus and the Kurdish-led forces.
The details of the agreement is unknown, but there are reports that suggest that the SDF will be incorporated into the Syrian Armed Forces and that northeastern Syria will come under direct rule of the Syrian government in Damascus.
According to Syrian Kurdish officials, the deal allows Syrian government forces to take over security in some border areas, but their own administration would maintain control of local institutions.
The prospects for Kurdish autonomy in the region is severely diminished, because the Kurds were exposed to the Turkish-led offensive by the US withdrawal and the Russia-backed Syrian government forces under Assad—whose commonality is enmity towards Turkey and Sunni rebel militias—regained their foothold in northeast Syria after the Kurds had to seek their help.
As announced by Russia's Ministry of Defense on 15 October, Russian forces have started to patrol the region along the line of contact between Turkish and Syrian forces, indicating that Russia is filling the security vacuum from the sudden US withdrawal.
Alexander Lavrentiev, Russia's special envoy on Syria, warned that the Turkish offensive into Syria is unacceptable and stated that Russia is seeking to prevent conflict between Turkish and Syrian troops.
In response to a speech by Assad, the Syrian Democratic Council said it was ready to have positive discussions with the Assad government.
Several US lawmakers have criticized the abandonment of their Kurdish allies, remarking that it undermines US credibility as an ally while benefiting Russia, Iran, and the Syrian regime of Assad.
Meanwhile, several commentators in Moscow have stated that the situation is not in the immediate Russian interests, as the Turkish intervention in Syria clashes with Russia's backing of the Syrian government in the region, but it may provide opportunities for Russia as mediator as the US withdraws from Syria.
Commentators have remarked that, since the US withdrawal, Russia has cemented its status as the key power broker in the Middle East.
Furthermore, US President Trump, as well as US military and diplomatic officials, has cited the NATO membership of Turkey as a key reason that the United States can not be involved in the conflict between the Turkish and Syrian Kurdish forces.
Meanwhile, due to Turkey's strategic position between Europe and the Middle East, the NATO alliance members are in a situation where they have limited themselves to relatively muted criticism.
The U.S. is reviewing the potential withdrawal of its nuclear weapons from Incirlik airbase under NATO's nuclear sharing as a result of the Turkish offensive per NYT.
Russia and Turkey made an agreement via the Sochi Agreement of 2019 to set up a Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone.
Syrian President Assad expressed full support for the deal, as various terms of the agreement also applied to the Syrian government.
Additionally, Syrian Kurdish officials have had some positive discussions with the Assad government, and with local countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE and Jordan.
The first agreement between SDF and the Assad regime occurred in October 2019, directly as a result of the Turkish incursion.
Some reports stated that Bashar Assad was favorable towards Russia's efforts to restore calm and to stabilize the situation in Syria.
The Russian government has informed the Kurdish factions that they should reconcile and come up with a unified set of demands to clarify to Russia.
Mustafa Bali, head of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) said there were some agreements on the ground with the Syrian government, for Syrian forces to be deployed along the border.
The national Syrian government sent representatives to northeast Syria to meet with local groups there in order to address their concerns and to emphasize unity and combined effort to address problems.A meeting occurred in Qamishli city, in northeast Syria, that included Syrian national officials, and delegates from Kurdish, Arab, and Syrian figures and forces.
Luqman Ehmê, spokesman for the North East Syria Autonomous Administration, said that his organization was ready for positive discussions with the Syrian regime.
SDF General Commander Mazlum Abdi has met with local leaders of the Wise Committee, which is composed of leaders of local communities and local family groupings.
SDF Commander Mazlum Abdi called on the US and Russia to help stop Turkey from displacing entire communities and ethnic groups from the areas that it controls.
Erdogan stated that Turkey was ready to resettle the Syrian refugees in the northern area that Turkey had invaded, and that Turkey would pay for it if necessary.
On December 9, 2019, various local accounts indicated that Turkey was moving Syrian refugees into its zone of operations in Northern Syria for the first time.
Russia said it would pledge to remove Turkish forces from a key highway in northern Syria, and replace them with Russian forces to maintain stability.
They have also appointed about 4,000 police officers and other local officials, and are providing some basic local services for citizens.
It was reported that the Russian and Turkish armies had made a deal whereby electricity would be supplied to Tal Abyad by Russia's allies, the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) who support Assad; while water would be supplied by the Alouk water station that is controlled by Turkish forces.
It appeared that Turkey was withdrawing all of its forces away from the al-Shirkark silos, which hold important supplies of wheat, this seemed to be a result of Russian mediation.
Experts also said that Bashar Assad had made progress in restoring rule by local councils in areas affected by the conflict.
At the NATO summit in London in December 2019, President Emmanuel Macron of France highlighted major differences with Turkey over the definition of terrorism, and said there was little chance this aspect of the conflict could be resolved positively.
Turkey proposed a safe zone where Syrian refugees could be relocated, but this idea did not receive support from all parties.
Erdogan claimed that a four-way summit on Syria was scheduled to occur in Turkey in February 2020, to include Turkey, Germany, the UK and France.
At a meeting in Damascus, Russian and Syrian officials clearly stated their support for Syria regaining control over all of its territory.
The parties reported that they reached some important understandings at this meeting, including affirming a commitment to work together to respect Syrian territorial integrity.
On November 20, 2019, a new Syrian Constitutional Committee began operating in order to discuss a new settlement and to draft a new constitution for Syria.
At a summit in October 2018, envoys from Russia, Turkey, France and Germany issued a joint statement affirming the need to respect territorial integrity of Syria as a whole.
At the Astana Process meeting in December 2019, a UN official stated that in order for the third round of talks to proceed, co-chairs from the Assad regime and the opposition need to agree on an agenda.
It is unclear if the third round of talks will proceed on a firm schedule, until the Assad regime provides its assent to participate.
It is the first full season with Stephen O'Donnell as manager, having taken over from Harry Kenny on the 31st August 2019.
Jean-Claude Weill is the son of Jean-Paul Weill, a lawyer at the Paris Court of Appeal, an officer of the Legion of Honour and holder of a war cross (1940–1945), and Denise Maier.
Weill was married to Claudia Duxbury with whom he has a daughter Samantha Weill-Philippe (a psychoanalyst), and he subsequently married the lawyer, Frederique Pons.
Weill's entire career has been spent in collaboration with Claude-Agnès Reynaud, who she met in Klaus Sherrer's laboratory at the Institut Jacques Monod, he is interested in the mechanisms of formation of the immunoglobulin repertoire, highlighting new mechanisms such as gene conversion in birds, or the use of the somatic hypermutation process in ruminants in the formation of the preimmune repertoire.
Their more recent work has focused on the molecular mechanisms of the hypermutation process of immunoglobulin genes, by describing the role played by mutagenic DNA polymerases in this process, as well as the mechanisms of immune memory formation, and the description of lymphocyte subpopulations in humans with similarities in their formation mode to that of B cells described in birds or ruminants.
Passing By is a 73-minute studio album of contemporary art songs and duets composed by Jake Heggie, performed by Isabel Bayrakdarian, Zheng Cao, Joyce DiDonato, Susan Graham, Paul Groves, Keith Phares and Frederica von Stade with Dawn Harms (violin), CarlaMaria Rodrigues (viola), Emil Miland (cello) and Heggie himself at the piano.
Beginning in a nervous hope that she may be about to discover her soul mate, she gradually becomes angrier and angrier as it dawns on her that he might have seen her from a distance and decided to stand her up.
The aim of the cycle is to present the experience of a single day as a metaphor for an entire life.
It was premiered by soprano Michèle Bogdanowicz, mezzo-soprano Tamara Mumford and pianist Vlad Iftinca in the John B. Harza Building's Bennett Gordon Hall on 8 August 2007.
It is about how, having lost his father to suicide at the age of ten, Heggie coped with his personal problems by imagining the conversations with his father that he was unable to have in reality.
When Heggie was studying music at the University of California at Los Angeles, Johana Harris (1912-1995), the elderly Canadian pianist who taught, mentored and married him, introduced him to the poetry of A. E. Housman and Vachel Lindsay.
In later life Heggie conceived the idea of shaping a selection of their verse into a narrative that would reflect both their personal histories and his own.
The cycle's baritone, a traveller, goes back to the place where he grew up in the hope of reconciling with his friend (a tenor) who had declared a homosexual love for him that he had spurned.
On returning to his home, he discovers that his friend has died, that the backdrop of his youth has been transformed and that he has become a stranger there.
Part of the cycle was adapted from songs that Heggie wrote at UCLA in 1987, and some from work that he did at Edenfred, an artistic residency and community centre, now closed, that the Terry family instituted in 2004 in Madison, Wisconsin.
He felt that a real-life, twentieth-century Ophelia might well have felt a kinship with Edna St. Vincent Millay, and that the three unrelated Millay poems that he selected for his cycle were apt for telling Ophelia's story.
The cover of the album was designed by its art director, Alan Trugman, and features a photograph by Jay Elliott of jayelliottphoto.com.
His instrumentalists might not be quite as famous, but their playing was just as accomplished as the vocalism of their starrier colleagues.
Heggie was one of the few composers brave enough to tell a story about a man trying to reestablish a friendship from which he had recoiled because of a fear of homosexuality.
The last track on the album, a setting of the monologue that concluded Terrence McNally's play about Maria Callas, was allocated to Joyce DiDonato.
Some people might wonder whether this item qualified as a song at all, but Susan Graham and Frederica von Stade manifestly enjoyed singing it and made for a happy partnership.
It was accompanied by a 36-page booklet including the texts of the songs, notes by Heggie, biographies of the performers, a photograph of Bayrakdarian and Heggie by Dario Acosta and ten session photographs by Janna Waldinger of Arts & Clarity.
Alegria Ocampo Ferrer is a Filipino soprano, professor, theater actress and a musical director who is awarded an Aliw Awards Hall of Fame in the category of Female Classical and included in the (CCP) Encyclopedia of the Arts.
Ferrer has finished her Master's degree in Voice with minor in Theater Arts, Piano and European Languages at the College of Music of the University of the Philippines and studied Voice and German language at Mozarteum Hochschule fur Musik and at the University of Salzburg in Salzburg, Austria.
Among her mentors are Professor Fides Asensio, Professor Liselotte Egger, Dr. Antonio Hila, Professor Ramos, Miss Lilia Reyes, Professor Yasuko Suzuki, Maestra Torralba and Professor Eleanor Weill.
Ferrer is a faculty at the College of Music at the University of the Philippines and was an assistant instructor at Oberlin in Italy during 2016 and 2017.
She has been a member of the University of the Philippines Concert Chorus and its soloist during its World Concert and Competition Tour in Asia, America, Canada and Europe.
She has performed with the Budapest Opera Orchestra, Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, Manila Symphony Orchestra, Angono Symphonic Band and Kontemporaryong Gamelan Pilipino (KONTRA-GAPI).
Ferrer has been awarded the Aliw Awards Best Classical Performer during 2004 and 2006 as well as the Aliw Awards Hall of Fame in the category Female Classical in 2008.
1414-1449) of Plympton, Devon, was an English Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle in November 1414, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1435, 1437, 1442 and February 1449.
After his sophomore season, Utah coaches considered moving Fotu from defensive end to offensive tackle, but Fotu instead moved to defensive tackle and claimed the starting spot at that position.
During the season, after a game against Cal, Fotu was named Pac-12 Defensive Player of the Week after recording a 13-yard sack.
St. Martin's croissant is a croissant with white poppy-seed filling traditionally prepared in Poznań and some parts of Greater Poland region on the occasion of St. Martin's Day (11 November).
This tradition dates back to pagan times, when during the autumn feast the gods were offered sacrifices of oxen or, as a substitute, of dough rolled up in oxen horns.
In Poznań, the tradition of baking 'rogal świętomarciński' on 11 November certainly existed in 1860, when the oldest known advertisement for the 'rogal świętomarciński' was published in Dziennik Poznański.
As St. Martin's Day was approaching, the parish priest of St. Martin's parish, Fr Jan Lewicki, appealed to the faithful to do something for the poor, following the example of the patron saint.
The confectioner Józef Melzer, who was present at the mass and worked in a nearby confectionery, persuaded his boss to revive the old tradition.
After the First World War, Franciszek Rączyński returned to the tradition of giving gifts to the poor, and after the Second World War, Zygmunt Wasiński saved the croissant from oblivion.
From antiquity with homage to the solar deities who passed in Roman times in the cult of Sol Invictus, and to those of the healers Asclepius, Hygia, Telesphorus, Apollo and Dionysus.
The holiday coincides with the Zoroastrian Navruz, moreover, during the reign of Emperor Trajan (106 Pautalia acquires urban status), to the west the Roman Empire penetrated more and more with Mithraism.
Gisela Goodrich Webb is an American scholar of comparative religion and a professor emirita of religious studies at Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey.
Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico in a bicultural family, Gisela Webb completed her academic studies at the Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania obtaining her B.
She has also taught at Gadja Mada University in Indonesia and was awarded Fulbright Award for Teaching and Research and Fulbright Senior Specialist Award in 2009.
Webb has also served as a member of Board of Directors of American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies and was a member of the American Academy of Religion.
Heldt died on 27 December 1933 at the age of 61 in Dresden, Saxony, Germany and was buried in the Heidefriedhof in Dresden.
The teleplay was written by Robert W. Lenski and the film directed by Virgil W. Vogel, with Christopher Morgan as the producer and Philip Saltzman as the Executive Producer.
Mark Gunnison (John Elerick) and Pete Gunnison (Marshall Colt) are brothers and undercover detectives of the elite Criminal Investigation Unit of the Colorado Police.
Jones, Christine Belford, Van Williams, Laurette Sprang, David Hedison, William Lucking, Christine De Lisle, Randolph Powell, Lou Frizzell, John Karlen, George D. Wallace, Joan Roberts and Ann Bradley.
In the film, Abel Gagné has been working for many years as the owner of a small aviation company, but has not personally flown a plane since the death of his friend in a plane crash 15 years earlier.
On the day he decides to finally fly again, however, various complications crop up to interfere with his plan, including the return of his estranged father Napoléon (Claude Blanchard) whom he has not seen in 50 years.
The film's cast also includes Julie Ménard as Monique, the daughter of Abel's dead friend; Jean-Pierre Ronfard as Abel's business partner; and Micheline Lanctôt as Arlette.
The film received three nominations at the 1st Jutra Awards the same year, for Best Actor (Sabourin), Best Supporting Actor (Blanchard) and Best Supporting Actress (Lanctôt).
All three films in the trilogy were screened at the 2016 Festival du nouveau cinéma as a tribute program to Lefebvre.
The Apostolic Nunciature to Saint Kitts and Nevis is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Saint Kitts and Nevis.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Rubén Martínez Dalmau (born 17 November 1970) is a Spanish teacher, jurist and politician from Podemos and Second Vice President of the Generalitat Valenciana since June 2019.
The 2019–20 Men's Volleyball Thailand League is the 15th season of the Men's Volleyball Thailand League, the top Thai professional league for men's volleyball clubs, since its establishment in 2005, also known as CP Men's Volleyball Thailand League due to the sponsorship deal with Charoen Pokphand.
As part of the metro's Phase 1, the station was inaugurated on 8 May 2019, along with most other Red Line stations.
The Wudu River (), also known as Suoqiao River (), Luoxi River (), Shangzhai River (), Ban River () and Gesuo River (), is a tributary of the Beipan River in Panzhou, Guizhou, China.
The race was run over 67 laps of the circuit, and was won by French driver Jean Behra in a Ferrari Dino 246.
The field also included many Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Bruce McLaren who took third place in a Cooper T45.
As part of the metro's Phase 1, the station was inaugurated on 8 May 2019, along with most other Red Line stations.
The 2020 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships is the 27th edition of acrobatic gymnastics competition and is scheduled to take place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 29 to May 31, 2020.
His grandparents, Eugène and Elisabeth Wollman, researchers at the Pasteur Institute, were the pioneers of discoveries on phage and lysogeny (André Lwoff's later work earned him the Nobel Prize in 1965).
Their work was brutally interrupted in December 1943 following their arrest by the French police and their murder in Auschwitz (a prize from the Academy of Sciences is dedicated to them).
His father Elijah Wollman, also a researcher at the Pasteur Institute, of which he was deputy director for many years, was one of the pioneers of bacterial genetics and brought to light the genetic nature of prophecy and the sexuality of bacteria.
After studying physico-chemistry at university, he received a scholarship from the Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (DGRST) in 1975 to study biological membranes.
In 1977 he completed his PhD at the University of Paris VII (now Paris Diderot), followed in 1982 by a State Thesis (Habilitation) at the same University.
He spent his entire career at the CNRS, where he was appointed Director of Exceptional Class Research in 2005 after having joined in 1980 as a research associate.
He does all his scientific research at the IBPC in Paris, a research establishment founded in 1927 where he joined Pierre Joliot's laboratory in 1975.
At the same time, in 2007, he was appointed Director of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, a position he held until 2018.
Very committed to the defence of public research, whose cultural, educational and economic dimensions seem essential to the country's influence, he presided over the Plant Biology section of the National Committee for Scientific Research from 2000 to 2004, then sat on the High Council for Research and Technology from 2005 to 2014 and on the CNRS Scientific Council from 2014 to 2018.
His work on the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus has led him to identify post-endosymbiotic innovations that are decisive for the genetic integration of nucleo-cytosolic and chloroplastic compartments.
He discovered, in the chloroplast, an original mechanism of self-regulation of translation for certain photosynthesis proteins that are only produced if they can be assembled in a functional protein complex (CES process).
Recently, he revisited the early days of endosymbiosis by showing how protein addressing signals to intracellular organelles would derive from antimicrobial peptides against which the ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts developed resistance.
Dr. Bernardhus Van Leer is considered notable for traveling on horseback until the age of 102 and being one of the first medical doctors in New York.
Dr. Van Leer's son Captain Samuel Van Leer would later play an important role in American history as a revolutionary war soldier.
Due to this syndrome she produces around 225oz, or 1.75 gallons, of Breast milk a day which is almost eight to ten times the average mother.
Nicholas Oudart (died 1681) was a Flemish career official and courtier, who acted as secretary to Charles I and Charles II of England, and to William of Orange in the Netherlands.
In 1640 Oudart was at The Hague as secretary to Sir William Boswell, the English ambassador; in 1641 he became assistant secretary to Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State.
Sir Edward left England in 1646, but Oudart remained, sending Sir Edward letters with secret messages that used lemon juice as invisible ink.
In August 1647 Oudart was acting as amanuensis to Charles I; he attended the king in the conferences with the parliamentary commissioners at Newport, Isle of Wight, and wrote the king's despatch to his son Charles.
Returning to England, Oudart was admitted gentleman of the privy chamber on 18 November 1662; on 13 July 1666 he became Latin secretary to Charles II in succession to Sir Richard Fanshawe, and held the position to the end of his life.
In February 1666 a warrant was ordered for the payment to Sir George Downing and his secretary Oudart of their expenses during their imprisonment in Holland, which had occurred when they were caught up in tit-for-tat of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
He died in Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, and was buried in the west cloister of Westminster Abbey on 21 December 1681.
Of three daughters of the marriage, Barbara married at the Temple Church, London in 1677 William Foster; Amelia Isabella married in 1689 Bartholomew Van Sittert; and Dorothy is not known to have married.
The 2019 American Athletic Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the American Athletic Conference held from November 3 to November 10, 2019.
The first round was hosted by the higher seed, and the Semifinals and Final took place at the home field of the regular season champion.
The platform allows users to share their images on social media platforms and messaging apps, including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Messenger, and WhatsApp.
This forced the local shepherds to carry fire arms in order to defend cattle and sheep from neighbouring enemies or thieves.
In Albanian romanticism, it is common to imagine the shepherd carrying a rifle instead of a staff where the rifle secures the property symbolised by the staff.
Carrying a fire arm of this type was considered necessary for self-defence as Albanian inhabited lands were often under pressure from Ottoman, Montenegrin and Serb invasions and attacks.
In 1909, Edith described that some Albanians believed that the Mausier revolver was harmless and asked her to shoot one of them in the hand.
As Ottoman pressure increased, Albanian Tosk and Ghegh chieftains began converting to Islam not out of religious preference but in order to keep their arms and lands.
During the Greek war independence in Morea, the Albanian's biggest ambitions were to acquire a pair of pistol, a rifle, a yataghan and a dagger which they during the Napoleonic war purchased from the French and British gun smiths.
Franz Nopcsa studied Albanian gun culture amongst the Gheghs in Northern Albania and noted that there was a correlation between the size of the gun and male honour referring to an example of an Albanian highlander who after hitting his target proceeded to kiss his rifle.
Michal Mochtak writes that social cleaveges and authoritarianism after the fall of communism in Albania contributed to the intensifying of an Albanian gun culture.
Ifte Ara Dalia (25 September 1966 – 29 December 2011) better known as Doyel,one of the most famous actress in the film industry of Bangladesh.
Doyel made her debut as a heroine in the 1980s by acting in the film Chandranath directed by the famous filmmaker Chashi Nazrul Islam.
The Imam Ali military base is an Iranian military base located near the eastern Syrian town of Abu Kamal, near the border with Iraq.
Satellite imagery taken by ImageSat International in late 2019 suggests a tunnel system is being built, which Western intelligence sources believe will hold missiles.
The site has been struck multiple times by the Israeli Air Force after which the construction of tunnels was noticed to have accelerated, and would soon be operational, as at November 2019.
The recording of Somewhere Over the Rainbow by Hawaiian singer-songwriter and musician Israel Kamakawiwoʻole has dominated the chart for most of its existence, with a total of 323 weeks at the top spot, and appearing in all the 525 weekly issues of the chart, as of the issue dated February 1, 2020, including a 116-week stretch at number one from the chart's inception until April 2012.
Another notable chart-topper is Gangnam Style by Psy which stands in second place for weeks at number one, with a total of 50 weeks between 2012 and 2014, and third in total weeks on the chart, with 338.
Over the years many K-pop artists appeared on the chart with some reaching the top position, most notably BTS, which has the record for most number one singles (18), followed by another K-pop group, Blackpink, which has 5 number one singles on the chart.
The song finished second in the grand final of Kënga Magjike 2019 with 1152 points constituting her highest position in the contest after three consecutive participations.
He received his bachelor's degree from Lawrence University and his Masters of Music degree from the New England Conservatory of Music.
He won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, and another silver at the 2016 Summer Paralympics at age 58.
Both of them were won by Republicans, filling seats that were vacant since the January 3, 1979 beginning of the term.
The people are asked about how much the expect to spend, how high they expect inflation to be, their employment situation, and whether they are searching for a job.
They survey has illuminated the degree to which employed workers are offered much higher-wage jobs than the unemployed, even holding constant the observable attributes of the workers.
In 1993, he received his post-doctoral degree (habilitation) at the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, presenting dissertation on the literary life in the Kraków area from 1750 to 1815.
Between 1991 and 1997 he was secretary at the Hungarian Cultural Institute in Warsaw, and between 1995 and 2006 he was holding a post of a scientific director at the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
In 2002 he was among the founders of the Warsaw University of Humanities where he has been lecturing for following 10 years.
The Hockey Club Rostov (), commonly referred to as HC Rostov are a professional ice hockey team based in Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
In 2005, a local amateur under the name 'Condors' was established and was immediately successful, winning the Rostov Region Championship in both 2005 and 2006.
During their time in the Russian Hockey League (which was renamed in 2015 to the Supreme Hockey League Championship), HC Rostov were a dominant force, finishing 1st in the regular season rankings 4 years in a row, and winning the VHL-B Championship in 2015, 2017 and 2019.
On 31 May 2019 it was announced that Humo Tashkent, Dynamo Tver, Torpedo-Gorky Nizhny Novgorod and Kazakhstan's Nomad Nur-Sultan would be joining the league.
Two months later on 22 July 2019, it was announced that HC Rostov would also be joining the league, along with China's ORG Beijing.
Juan Santos da Silva (born 6 March 2002), commonly known as Juan, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for São Paulo.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1990.
Gargoris was a mythical king of the Cynetes, considered part of the people of Tartessos, and, according to legend, the inventor of beekeeping.
He exiled his own son, Habis, who was adopted by a female deer and saved from the sea, and who later inherited the kingdom.
Luis Henrique Tomaz de Lima (born 14 December 2001), commonly known as Luis Henrique, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Botafogo.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
On December 9, 2019, 2K announced that they had set a new studio in Novato, California and Montréal, Québec, led by Kelley Gilmore, former executive producer for Firaxis Games.
It was founded in 2012 by Kenyan journalist Luke Mulunda after he left Nation Media Group, where he was business editor.
She has been recognized for her contributions to the training of young talents and the creation of cultural centers for the dissemination of art.
She was the founder of the House of Music, and in the 1980s, she created the Zaldumbide Rosales Foundation in homage to her mother.
Summertime Shootout 3: Coldest Summer Ever is the seventh studio album by American rapper Fabolous, released on November 29, 2019, by Street Family Records, Roc Nation and Def Jam Recordings.
The album includes guest appearances from 2 Chainz, A Boogie wit da Hoodie, Chris Brown, Davido, Gucci Mane, Jacquees, Jeremih, Josh K, Lil Durk, Meek Mill, PnB Rock, Roddy Ricch, Teyana Taylor, Tory Lanez, Ty Dolla Sign and YFN Lucci.
Ten days before the release of the album, Fabolous posted a 30-second trailer for the album on his Instagram along with its release date.
She is known for her work as an archivist through several organizations, namely the SUNY at Buffalo University Archives, the Society of American Archivists and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference.
She has been heavily awarded and recognized for her work in archives and libraries across the country in speeches and presentations and has written extensively on women's history, local history and the archival profession.
She actively pursued many of the collections that make up the Archives today, including the records of women's history at Buffalo and Western New York.
Her work and research in women's and local history and archival organization has helped the University Archives immensely and even led to several papers and presentations.
During her long career in archives, she also served as a member of the Board of Managers of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society.
Since 1968, Finnegan has been a member of the Society of American Archivists, making connections that encouraged her to become an active archivist and even co-founding MARAC and LOAC.
She has served on many committees and task forces and has been heavily involved in the Committee on Status of Women in the Archival Profession and the Committee of College and University Archives.
In 1975, she was elected as a Fellow, the Society's highest honor and from 1980-1984, she served on the National Archives Advisory Council as a representative of the SAA.
She specified the Task Force on Archives and Society and the Committee on Goals and Priorities (C-GAP) as two groups that needed the support of SAA members.
Throughout her career, she has been heavily involved in programs across the state of New York that began under the leadership of state archivist Ed Weldon, who happened to hire Kathleen Roe early in her career.
She was also heavily involved in the SUNY at Buffalo Chapter of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), serving as secretary, vice president and president.
José García Molina (born 29 December 1969) is a Spanish teacher and politician from Podemos who served as Second Vice President of the Junta of Communities of Castilla–La Mancha from August 2017 to July 2019.
Lucas Estella Perri (born 10 December 1997) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for São Paulo FC.
In the 2010–11 season, USM Blida is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 26th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
Majd obtained a PhD in agricultural economics from Cornell University in 1978, and was a visiting lecturer at the Middle East Center, University of Pennsylvania from 1988 to 1993.
As of 2017, it has about 760 employees and is headquartered in Bellevue, Washington The company was founded in the summer of 2006, shortly after co-founder Brent Frei sold his prior company, Onyx Software.
After the Smartsheet software was redesigned in 2010, the company's revenues grew by more than 100 percent each year, for four consecutive years.
AI Dungeon 2 is an open-source text adventure game that uses the GPT-2 text prediction model created by OpenAI to generate effectively limitless open-ended story lines.
Released in December 2019 by developer Nick Walton, the game uses artificial intelligence (AI) that has researched the archives of games on chooseyourstory.com to generate complex responses to user input.
When the user begins a game, they are given a choice to the genre of story, such as fantasy, apocalyptic, or mystery, and role they play, such as peasant, scavenger, or spy.
The game then generates the first couple of sentences to set the scene, then allows the player to input into the text box.
Dialog is made to be strictly what the player's character says, and an event is something that happens in the story unrelated to any choice the player has made; for example, codice_1.
In October 1999 she joined the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia as a trial attorney and in 2005, she went into private practice.
President Barack Obama nominated Williams on February 3, 2011, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Brook Hedge.
Named after Alan Turing, the game itself is advertised as Turing complete, and can (abstractly) duplicate the processes of any computer whatsoever if the game field were sufficiently large.
The framing device in the included comic book features an astronaut who must solve fifty increasingly difficult logic problems which illustrate the fundamentals of computer programming.
The computing game has won the Parents' Choice Gold Award, and won in the category Best Toys of the Year 2018 under the aegis American Specialty Toy Retailing Association.
William Lovett Anderson (10 April 1906 – 27 November 2004), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Kim O’Bomsawin is a writer, film director, and a human rights activist specifically for Indigenous women in Canada and the U.S. O’Bomsawin is of Abenaki origin, which is a First Nation Tribe in Quebec Canada.
O’Bomsawin has co-written on the Docu-series Skindigenous and has written and directed La ligne rouge, 2014, Kirano, 2015, Ce silence qui tue, 2017 and Du Teweikan à l’électro, 2017.
Before her career truly kick started, she had also previously worked on numerous productions for Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN), Canal-D, and Radio-Canada.
The docu-series conveys that tattoos are an ancient art and not relegated to one continent or one set group of people.
The producers travel around the world to seek out and learn how ancient tribal heritage is carried into today as part of a tattoo culture.
The title pertains to the internal conflict these players face while making heart wrenching choices between cultural practices and the sport.
Kirno is a web documentary that follows the story of 10 Aborginal personalities, most notably rapper Samian, politician Alexis Wawanoloath and snowboard athlete Caroline Calvé are part of the story.
Most recently, O’Bomsain created a project called From Teweikan to electro, which celebrates the value of unifying through the sound of vibrations.
In the film project she features singer-songwriters Pakesso Mukash (Cri / Abenaki), Shauit (Innu) and Moe Clark (Métis) whom obatina foothold in the fold elector and reggae music communities and strive to create connections between generations, the living and the dead, territories, conquered and rebellious.
Besides her consistent dedication to amplifying the voices of First Nation people in her documentary films, Kim O' Bomsawin extends her activism to ensure that indigenous people are represented and respected in the world of art.
The play aimed to cover the history of the relationship between white and Indigenous people in Canada, however it was cancelled in July 2017 after more than 30 members of the Canadian Indigenous community, including Kim O’Bomsawin, wrote an open letter to Montreal’s Le Devoir newspaper denouncing Lepage for not including Indigenous performers in the show.
Recently O'Bornsawin commented on the blackface scandal of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stating how it was shocking to see the Canadian leader in blackface.
It is thought to date from the time of the Danelaw in 9th-century England and is a shire oak, a tree that was used as a meeting point for local assemblies.
The settlement formed part of the Skyrack Wapentake (an administrative division similar to the Anglo-Saxon hundred) and it is believed that the wapentake assembly met at the Shire Oak.
Local legend dates the tree even earlier, to the time of the ancient British druids, who were said to have revered the tree.
As Headingley grew the oak was incorporated into Otley Road and Saint Michael's Church was constructed to the south of it.
A drawing of the tree was made circa 1700, at which time it was described as ancient and Edward Parsons, writing in 1834, described it as already 1,000 years old.
However, by the late 19th century the Shire Oak had decayed to little more than a stump and it fell during a gale on 26 May 1941.
The first client was Red Bull with the first job being the 100th edition of the The Soapbox Race on 4 September 2015.
On July 2017, XLAB initiated operation in the UAE, working with Majid Al Futtaim Group and Emoji®️ to deliver the 'Emoji Go' experience.
In 2019, a stake in XLAB was acquired by Pyxis Controls International (PCI); a company focused on technology and software acquisitions worldwide.
In 2017, XLAB won the bronze award for 'Best Use of Technology' at The Festival of Media MENA Awards for the Reebok 4D Runner activation 'Mapped To Move' in collaboration with Carat MENA.
Also in 2017, XLAB's Lenovo activation, 'Human Keyboard', was shortlisted for the 'Best Use of Social Platforms' at the Dubai Lynx Festival in collaboration with MEMAC Ogilvy & Mather.
XLAB had two other entries at the Dubai Lynx Award festival, 'A Jelly Popping Experience' for Cadbury Dairy Milk and 'Kill Them Odors' for Clorets.
Sarah C. Mangelsdorf is an American educator and scholar who is notable as the eleventh president of the University of Rochester.
As president, her plans include strengthening relations with the city of Rochester, raising more money for scholarships, and furthering the public perception that schools such as the Eastman School of Music are part of the overall university.
Before Rochester, she was provost at the University of Wisconsin at Madison where she was credited with advancing fundraising, coping with budget cuts, improving the school's overall ranking, successfully retaining key faculty members, and improving relations with the state of Wisconsin.
Thomas has been a Hoke County commissioner since 2014, and is a Democratic candidate in the 2020 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election.
Allen Thomas Jr. is a native of Raeford, North Carolina, and the son of Allen Thomas Sr. and Linda Shaw Thomas, a schoolteacher.
Thomas graduated from Hoke County High School in 2005, and later studied at East Carolina University, where he attained a BS in Rehabilitative Services.
In March 2008, Allen Thomas Jr.'s mother was killed by her ex-husband, Allen Thomas Sr. Allen Thomas Jr. has spoken at various events and panels to raise awareness of domestic violence and to educate the public on the issue.
Allen Thomas Jr. was elected Hoke County Commissioner in 2014, and is currently the youngest county commissioner ever elected in Hoke County.
Thomas advocated for the provision of $100,000 in food vouchers for Hoke County residents to help mitigate the economic effects of Hurricane Matthew in 2016.
In March 2019, Thomas announced his campaign for the office of Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in the 2020 election.Thomas officially filed for his candidacy on December 4, 2019.
After calling the police, Thomas retrieved his shotgun and told the intruders not to attempt to force their way into his bedroom to retrieve the items they had left behind, which included several knives and a stun gun.
José Luis Soro Domingo (born 17 December 1966) is a Spanish politician from Chunta Aragonesista who serves as Regional Minister of Territorial Planning, Mobility and Housing since July 2015.
Jooble is a vertical job search engine that aggregates and displays job ads from thousands of job boards, corporate, recruiter pages and newspapers.
On the night of 2 May, the rebels attempted to retake Katfia from the British, but were unsuccessful, and suffered 35 killed in this battle.
He was promoted to colonel on 1 August 1935, major general on 9 November 1938, and lieutenant general on 25 August 1941.
In the early 1930s he was assigned to the Imperial Household and then became an instructor at the army infantry school in 1935.
From 1936 to 1937, Kobayashi was the chief of staff of the Imperial Guards Division, then commanded the 3rd Infantry Regiment from 1937 to 1938.
He became the chief of staff of 12th Army on 9 November 1938 and on 1 December 1939 was appointed as the chief of the 1st Section of the Inspectorate-General of Military Training on the Army General Staff.
Then from December 1941 to 1943, he served as the chief of staff of General Defense Command, overseeing military forces defending the Japanese home islands, Korea, and Taiwan, including during the Doolittle Raid.
He briefly became the commander of 30th Division from 10 June 1943 to 28 March 1944 before returning to being the chief of staff of General Defense Command, which he held until February 1945.
He then became the last chief of staff of the China Expeditionary Army until the end of the war in August 1945.
José Arturo Aliaga López (born 12 October 1955) is a Spanish politician from the Aragonese Party (PAR) who serves as the Vice President of the Government of Aragon and Regional Minister of Industry, Competitiveness and Business Development since August 2019.
The Green Line, also known as the Education Line, is a rapid transit line of the Doha Metro in Qatar's capital city of Doha.
Opened to the public on 10 December, 2019, it runs east-to-west, beginning at Al Mansoura and terminating at the Al Riffa station on Dukhan Highway in Rawdat Al Jahhaniya.
Born in Munich, he studied not only under his father Johann Schraudolph but also under Hermann Anschütz and Johann Georg Hiltensperger.
He was a student assistant to the painters of Speyer Cathedral and initially specialised in religious paintings before switching to genre painting in 1866.
The completed groups in plaster were shipped to New York City in 1909, to be carved in marble by Furio Piccirilli.
The marble groups were completed in early 1910, and shipped back to France to make their debut at the Salon des Artistes Francais, at the end of April.
Two tents were erected on Friday, May 12, one around each sculpture group, to mask that day's removal of the plaster trousers.
Instead of short trousers or loincloths, the Piccirilli Brothers carved marble sheaths to cover the genitals of the male figures, for which they charged $118.50.
While Rodin chose to show the son alone, overcome with despair and yearning for forgiveness, Barnard selected the moment of reconciliation from the biblical story and replaced Rodin's darker, more psychologically complex tone with a mood of hope and promise.
The embrace of their arms makes a complete circle; the two bodies intertwine as one, successfully symbolizing the idea of forgiveness and humility in the face of love.
Kënga Magjike 2017 was the 19th edition of the annual music contest Kënga Magjike and was held on 6, 7 and 9 December 2017 at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana broadcast live on Televizioni Klan (TV Klan).
The two semi-finals and grand final were held at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana on 6, 7 and 9 December 2017 respectively.
Pablo Zuloaga Martínez (born 30 April 1981) is a Spanish politician from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party who serves as Vice President of Cantabria and Regional Minister of Universities, Equality, Culture and Sport since July 2019.
Johann Georg Hiltensperger (21 February 1806 - 13 June 1890) was a German history painter and a professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts.
Born in Haldenwang, Oberallgäu, he was trained in drawing by L. Weiß before studying under Johann Peter von Langer at the Royal Art Academy and under Peter von Cornelius at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.
Returning to Munich in 1825, he there received commissions for frescoes and oil paintings from Ludwig I of Bavaria and Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria.
Johann died in Munich and is buried in Gräberfeld 15 – Reihe 13 – Platz 17 of the city's Alter Südfriedhof .
Ilona Dávid (born in Tata, Hungary on December 30, 1972 -) economist, Chairwoman of the Board of Directors of GYSEV Zrt.
as well as Chairwoman of the Boards of other five regional bus transport centres (ÉMKK Zrt., DDKK Zrt., ÉNYKK Zrt., KNYKK Zrt., KMKK Zrt.
She graduated as an economist on the Budapest Business School, then graduated in management and organization faculty at the Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem.
Five years later, she changed her position as Chief Accountant and was appointed CFO of Dunaferr Dunai Vasmű, a steel manufacturing company.
As Chief Financial Officer of Duna Autó Zrt., she made a short detour in the field of motor vehicle trade, and since 2005 she has been Head of the Accounting Department of the Magyar Államvasutak Zrt.
In May 2012 she was appointed Chairwoman and Chief Executive Officer of MÁV Zrt., but she still holded the chairwomanship of GYSEV.
In recent years, the MÁV Group has reorganized its formerly fragmented railway company through organizational simplification and significantly reduced its debt.
Since 2012, member of the Steering Committee of the  Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER), senior committee member of the UIC - International Union of Railways, and Vice-President of the Coordination Council of theTrans-Siberian Transport .
Since 2016 she is the President of the HUNGRAIL Magyar Vasút Egyesület (in English: Hungarian Railway Association) and the President of Consistory of Dunaújvárosi Egyetem (in English: University of Dunaújváros).
In 2017, she was elected Co-Chairman of the STRATOSZ Stratégiai- és Közszolgáltató Társaságok Országos Szövetség (in English: National Association of Strategic- and Public Service Companies) and a member of the Supervisory and Audit Committees of MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Plc.
In September of the same year, she was elected Vice-Chairwoman of the General Assembly of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER) as the only woman among vice-chairmen.
The Vice-Presidency post of CER has been performed with the membership of the Executive Committee of CER for the years 2018-2019.
(DAKK, in English: Southern Great Plain Transport Center Ltd.) with sales of HUF 23 billion and a staff of 17,500 (2018).
At the head of Volán and DAKK, she is currently the only one among the managers of the transport centers, who is also in charge of the operational operation, her task is to renew the operation of the two companies.
With the merger of the six regional transport centers as above, with a total of nearly 19,000 employees, the third public company with the largest number of employees in Hungary was formed.
⦁    For her work in strengthening international rail links, she was awarded the Golden Chariot Award, one of the highest honours of the Russian Parliament and the Russian Ministry of Transport in 2013.
Yorgo E. Modis (born 1974) is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow, and Reader in Virology and Immunology, at the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge.
His group employs a diverse set of complementary biophysical approaches including cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), X-ray crystallography, solution biophysics, fluorescence microscopy and cell biological approaches to understand the cellular mechanisms of viral gene sensing and silencing in molecular-level detail.
He did his graduate work in Structural Biology with Rik A. Wierenga at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg obtaining his Ph.D. from the University of Leeds in 1999.
For the next six years he worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow with Stephen C. Harrison at Harvard Medical School, Boston, U.S.A.
Among them was the subject of viral entry into host cells by the dengue virus, which became a cover story on Nature (journal).
In those capacities he carried out research that led to numerous publications on which he was corresponding author and/or principal investigator.
at Nottingham, aged 60, Mr. James Robertson, late joint manager with Mr. Manly of the Nottingham, Derby, and Stamford company of comedians, father of Mr. W. Robertson, of the Lincoln company'.
Her nephew William Shaftoe Robertson (1796-1872) is also described as a manager long before Fanny's eventual retirement to Wisbech, Isle of Ely in 1843.
There was a full house, but we are sorry to say the season has been productive of very few even tolerable houses' reported the Cambridge Chronicle and Journal on 1st April 1843.
In May, 1847 Mr Davenport manager of several Norfolk theatres took a season at the Wisbech theatre and held a benefit night for Fanny Robertson.
The movie starred Matthew Settle as title character Tommy Shaughnessy, also starring Bo Hopkins, Stuart Whitman, Linda Kozlowski, and Michael Jai White, and was directed by Michael Rhodes.
The 1973 Grambling Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Grambling College (now known as Grambling State University) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season.
In its 31st season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling compiled a 10–3 record (5–1 against conference opponents), tied for the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 339 to 176.
In two post-season games, the Tigers defeated Delaware in the Boardwalk Bowl and lost to Western Kentucky in the Grantland Rice Bowl.
María José Sáenz de Buruaga Gómez (born 4 June 1968) is a Spanish politician from the People's Party (PP), president of the party's regional branch since 25 March 2017 who served as Vice President of Cantabria and Regional Minister of Health and Social Services from 2011 to 2015.
He studied in the studio of Heinrich Maria von Hess and thanks to him was able aged only 19 to attend Munich's new Academy of Fine Arts, founded in 1831.
Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria's will later enabled Claudius to travel to Italy to study fresco-painting techniques with Joseph Anton Fischer, another painter.
After returning to Munich he there collaborated with Johann on the fresco cycle in the All Saints' Chapel of the Ludwigskirche and assisted him in frescoes for Speyer Cathedral.
After Johann's death in 1879, Claudius returned home and painted several regional churches, along with the painted facade of Munich's Hotel Königshof in 1880.
James Fox MBE (born 2 May 1992) is a British Paralympic rower who is a five time World champion and a Paralympic champion in the mixed coxed four Paralympic events.
After the Graz Academy was opened in 1960, he received his vocal training there from the age of eighteen or nineteen with the soprano Herma Handl.
There, he was discovered by the then Braunschweig theatre directors Heribert Esser and Hellmuth Matiasek, and was immediately engaged as a lyric tenor in Braunschweig.
Rosa Eva Díaz Tezanos (born 12 June 1964) is a Spanish politician from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party who served as Vice President of Cantabria and Regional Minister of Universities, Research, Environment and Social Policy from 2015 to 2019.
Matthias or Mathias Schraudolph (24 February 1812 or 1817 - 6 February 1863) was a German painter and Benedictine monk in Metten Abbey under the religious name Frater Lucas OSB.
Hatch was born in the Lee Center in Lee Township, Michigan on May 27, 1858 to parents James W. and Juliette Hatch.
Hatch then served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Calhoun County 1st district from 1909 to 1910.
He was responsible for designing a number of works in Cornwall, mostly around Liskeard but also the Victoria in Newquay, the Porthminster Hotel, St. Ives, and various schools and churches.
Construction of the hotel, by Lang and Sons of Liskeard, started in 1897 and was completed on 22 July 1897, just ahead of the Headland Hotel, built by rival architect Sylvanus Trevail.
The Hotel Victoria owners included a number of council members who placed difficulties in the way of Trevail so that the Victoria would be completed first.
A unique feature of the Victoria was the lift that could connect every floor to the bathing beaches below, claimed to be the only one in England.
Lost Souls is a role-playing game published by Sage Lore Productions in 1991, with a second edition published by Marquee Press in 1992.
Farhanna Farid is a Singaporean Powerlifter who was the first Singaporean to win an overall Gold Medal in an international competition Open category, across all weight classes and categories, winning three golds in the 2018 Asian Classic Powerlifting Championships.
Farhanna is the first Singaporean woman to deadlift three times her body weight, at the Singapore Powerlifting Open in April 2018.
As part of Powerlifting Singapore she competed in the Women's Under 52 kg Open Category at the 2018 Asian Classic Powerlifting Championships in Ulaanbaatar.
Farid broke the Asian record in her first deadlift attempt, and exceeded her first lift in both her second and third attempt.
She also won the Squat (120kg) and Overall categories in her weight class, in addition to a bronze in the bench press with a 60kg lift.
María Dolores Gorostiaga Saiz (born 24 February 1957) is a Spanish politician from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party who served as Vice President of Cantabria from 2003 and 2011, Regional Minister of Institutional Relations and European Affairs from 2003 to 2007 and Regional Minister of Employment and Social Welfare from 2007 to 2011, as well as President of the Parliament of Cantabria from 2015 to 2019.
In October 2002, McCabe was appointed as a magistrate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia by chief judge Rufus King.
President Barack Obama nominated McCabe on July 11, 2011, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by James E. Boasberg.
On November 8, 2011, the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs held a hearing on his nomination and on the following day, November 9, 2011, the Committee reported his nomination favorably to the senate floor.
The 1976 Derby Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1976 to elect members of Derby Borough Council in England.
The Apostolic Nunciature to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
After working as an actress and assistant director in few television shows and plays as well as hosting two radio shows, Khoury moved to the United States, where she pursued her graduate studies and earned her M.F.A in Theatre Directing from the University of Arkansas (UOA) in 2002.
Since Khoury moved back to Beirut in 2003, she has taught, given workshops and master classes in Acting, Script Writing and Directing for theatre, Film and Television in various institutions in Beirut, mainly LAU, ALBA, AUST and The Lebanese University.
She chooses to work on controversial topics that reflect the society’s mal functions as she sees it, daring to question inherited beliefs and norms with wit and style.
Khoury’s influence is felt throughout Lebanese contemporary theatre through her adoption of ground breaking view points, and management of talents as Gabriel Yammine, Roula Hmade, Talal El Jourdi, Diamand Bou Aboud, Patricia Namour, Elie Mitri, Nada Abou Farhat, Tarek Tamim and the renowned Ziad Al Rahbani.
Haki Niswan took the Lebanese theatrical scene by storm and played for two years (from 2006 till 2008) to full house audiences.
Based on Tom Stoppard’s EGBDF, it was a musical black comedy which ironically questioned the oppression of regimes and the humanity of individuals.
Khoury chose to stage this social political tragi-comedy to shed light on the situation of acceptance and numbness of the Lebanese society.
In 2018, Khoury wrote, (with the help of writers Fouad Yammine and Rami El Tawil), directed and produced Haki Rjel an Avant-garde Black Comedy, which is a sequel to her hit play Haki Niswan.
The play delved into the hidden world of men and related for the first time in Lebanon and the Mena region stories of oppressed men, in a society that is well trenched in masculinity and where women are oppressed and face discrimination on multiple levels.
In season 2, after peace and harmony has been restored to the Five Lands, Valt starts to miss his friends even though they're a portal away from him.
His vacation however is cut short by more monsters suddenly arriving called the Nanomites; dark, flying swarm of bugs that can turn anything into an enemy.
Valt reassembles the guardians to protect the Five Lands, but unbeknownst to him, Da-Ming and his bride are controlling the bugs, and they want to regain their throne.
While trying to battle a Shadow Monster, he realizes his powers are gone, and he has no memory of unleashing that evil.
In the United Kingdom, the English dub of the series was broadcast on Propeller TV for one season around June 2017.
The 6th International Gold Cup was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 26 September 1959 at the Oulton Park Circuit, Cheshire.
The race was run over 55 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Cooper T51.
The 1976 Grambling Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Grambling State University as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1976 NCAA Division II football season.
In its 34th season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling State compiled an 8–4 record (4–2 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the SWAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 313 to 202.
The journal focus on articles on interventional cardiology, encompassing cardiac coronary and non-coronary interventions, including peripheral arteries and cerebrovasculature (e.g., carotid artery).
The majority of articles report results from clinical trials illustrating evidence to inform and alter practice guidelines and experimental studies describing improved technologies and understanding of cardiac disease.
The journal has a 5-Year Impact Factor of 9.605 (2018), is part of the American College of Cardiology journal family, and is ranked among the top 10 cardiology journals.
Paul Chitwood (born 1970) is an American Baptist minister who is the 13th and current president of the International Mission Board, serving since 2018.
Born in LaFollette, Tennessee, Chitwood graduated from Cumberland College (now the University of the Cumberlands) in Williamsburg, Kentucky, in 1992 and began pastoring his first church a year later.
He joined the seminary's faculty in 2002 and was also chosen as a trustee of the Southern Baptist Convention's International Mission Board that year.
At the expiration of his term, he continued his work as pastor of First Baptist Church in Mount Washington, Kentucky, and with the International Mission Board.
Under Chitwood, Sunrise tripled the number of children it served, and Chitwood and his wife became foster parents for a young girl in Sunrise's care, eventually adopting her.
He was immediately confronted with a report of past unreported or mishandled sexual abuse cases within the IMB, and promised to implement the recommendations of an independent law firm charged with investigating the reports.
Throughout his ministry, Chitwood has opposed the employment of homosexual people by Baptist churches and organizations, expansion of gambling in Kentucky, and the expansion of sales of alcoholic beverages.
His parents divorced when he was two years old, and his father, who maintained custody of Chitwood and his brothers, moved to Jellico, Tennessee.
Despite a fear of public speaking, Chitwood became a minister and preached his first sermon on a Wednesday night at his home church after the pastor had resigned.
In 1992, Chitwood earned a Bachelor of Science degree in religion with a minor in biblical language at Cumberland College (now the University of the Cumberlands) in Williamsburg, Kentucky.
He later attended the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, where he earned the Master of Divinity in 1995 and a doctorate degree in 2001.
They have a daughter, Cai, who they adopted from an orphanage in China, and a daughter, Lilly, who they adopted in 2018 after serving as her foster parents for three years through Sunrise Children's Services, a ministry of the Kentucky Baptist Convention.
That same year, he became a trustee of the International Mission Board, and he was chosen president of the Kentucky state pastors' conference.
The conservative York had been elected the previous year in a close vote of 686 to 627 over Rusty Ellison, who was seen as a moderate candidate.
DeFoor published a letter decrying the rise of fundamentalism within the KBC and saying that Chitwood was the choice of the fundamentalists; he later clarified that he did not know Chitwood personally very well, and was not accusing him of being a fundamentalist.
Critics asked then-Governor Ernie Fletcher to use his line-item veto power to remove an $11 million state budget allocation for a new pharmacy school at the University of the Cumberlands because of the expulsion, but Fletcher, an ordained Baptist minister, declined.
In 2010, then-president of the Kentucky Baptist Convention Don Mathis asked Chitwood to consider becoming a candidate for executive director of the KBC, replacing retiring executive director Bill Mackey.
On May 12, the committee recommended Chitwood for the position, and on June 2, he was elected by a vote of 88–7.
In May 2012, Chitwood announced a major reorganization of the KBC, focusing more resources on starting new churches, strengthening existing churches, and reaching individuals who did not attend church.
In 2016, the KBC announced that member churches had contributed $22.3 million to the Southern Baptist Convention through the Cooperative Program, more than any other year in the organization's history.
During his time as executive director, Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear proposed legalizing casino gambling in the state as a means of raising revenue for the state treasury.
Chitwood opposed this effort, recording an ad broadcast on Christian radio stations and distributing a video to Southern Baptist churches in Kentucky urging them to resist the governor's proposal.
In 2014, controversy arose in the Kentucky Baptist Convention when Bill Smithwick, CEO of the KBC-operated Sunrise Children's Services, proposed dropping the restriction on the employment of homosexual people by Sunrise.
Although Sunrise's board ultimately rejected the proposal and Smithwick resigned as CEO, many Southern Baptist churches in the state withheld their usual donations to the ministry out of fear that the proposal would succeed.
Following Smithwick's resignation, Chitwood announced a fundraising campaign intended to raise $5 million to make up for the shortfall produced by the withheld offerings.
During his tenure as KBC executive director, Sunrise Children's Services expanded to serve 1,300 children, triple the number served at the beginning of his tenure.
During Chitwood's term, Campbellsville University severed its covenant agreements with the KBC in order to gain more autonomy over its affairs.
In 2017, Chitwood opined that the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, an organization to which some Southern Baptist churches also belong, would be taking a step in the wrong direction if it were to soften its stance on hiring practicing homosexuals.
The KBC formed a committee to monitor the CBF's policies at its meeting in November 2017, and CBF lifted its ban on employing homosexual people in February 2018.
On November 6, 2018, he announced his candidacy for president of the International Mission Board, a position vacated by the resignation of David Platt in September 2018.
He was endorsed by Al Mohler, president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; Kevin Ezell, president of the North American Mission Board; and Sandra Wisdom-Martin, executive director of the Woman's Missionary Union.
At the 2019 meeting of the Southern Baptist Convention, a report was presented by the law firm of Gray Plant Mooty regarding allegations of sexual abuse within the Southern Baptist Convention generally and the IMB generally.
On the day the report was released, Chitwood published a statement on the IMB web site apologizing for the past incidents and promising to adopt the policy recommendations contained in the report.
The State Radio Regulation of China (abbreviated as SRRC) is the radio regulation authority of the People's Republic of China with responsibilities including spectrum management and frequency allocation.
The State Radio Monitoring Center (SRMC) / the State Radio Spectrum Management Center (SRSMC) are two technical centers supporting the SRRC.
In July 2019, Zimbabwe Cricket was suspended by the International Cricket Council (ICC) due to government interference, with all their international and domestic fixtures put on hold.
However, in early January 2020, three sets of fixtures did not take place as scheduled, with Zimbabwe Cricket not providing a reason.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Edward Overcash, wife of superintendent marine and electrical facilities, and launched on 31 October 1944.
Auguste Salaün-Penquer, was born on 14 February 1817 into an established Breton family living at Château de Kerouartz near Lannilis in northwest France.
Her father was the doctor Jacques Hersent and her maternal grandfather was said to be General Marc-Antoine Coban (1763-1813), who died before she was born.
In 1842, she married the second-lieutenant Victor Burle but seven years later, in 1849, she became a widow at the age of 32.
She married again on 15 September 1851, this time to the doctor Auguste Salaün-Penquer (1809-1882) and became known as Léocadie Hersent-Penquer.
They settled in his hometown of Brest and had two children, Yves and Marie, but only their daughter lived to adulthood, dying in 1933.
There she met, among others, the writers José-Maria de Heredia, Victor Hugo, Alphonse de Lamartine and Charles Leconte de Lisle, all of whom would have a significant influence on her literary work.
Leconte de Lisle introduced her to the other poets belonging to the Parnassians movement, and soon she and her husband became part of vibrant literary circles in Paris.
Although Séché found its tone to be more serious, he said it contained more emphasis on ideas and less on feelings.
Following the traditions she learned in the Paris salons, Hersent-Penquer organized literary soirees at her home in Brest, where she also read from her latest works, as she had in Paris.
Together with her husband Auguste (who served as mayor of Brest from 1871 to 1881), they founded an art museum (Musée des Beaux-Arts of Brest) in 1875 and arranged funding for it from the municipality.
After her husband Auguste died of pneumonia in 1882, Hersent-Penquer gave a commission to the prolific sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi (famous for his Statue of Liberty in New York) for a monument dedicated to her husband and where she could be interred as well.
However, the company stopped flying to Guayaquil on December 15 and had previously done so with the route Cuenca - Quito, hence the president decided the resolution of liquidating the company.
The company faced a debt of a total of 3 million dollars, distributed among its main suppliers: sellers of Boeing aircraft, those of Pratt & Whitney engines, the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) and the Internal Revenue Service (SRI).
The new manager of Austro Aéreo, Alfredo Vega, who took office on December 3, 2003, informed that the company must liquidate 107 employees throughout the country; of them, 60 formed an association, when the new directive took office.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his fifteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the 69th Regiment Armory in Manhattan.
It was a match-up of the second-best offense in the country, Miami, against the fourth-best defense in the country, St. Francis.
Arrah House is a historical building in the premises of Maharaja College, Arrah, which preserves the memory of Siege of Arrah during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The Gurdwara Shahid Ganj Singh Singhania, also known as Gurdwara Shaheedganj Singh Singhnian, is a historic Sikh Gurdwara at Naulakha Bazaar in Lahore, Pakistan, which marks the site where over 250000 Sikh men and women lost their lives in the 18th Century.
Isabel Rosales Pareja (March 1, 1895 – April 8, 1961) was a Ecuadorian piano prodigy who studied in France, a student of Alfred Cortot.
Isabel Rosales Pareja was born in Guayaquil on March 1, 1895, the daughter of cocoa farm owners Josefina Pareja Avilés and Carlos Rosales Llaguno.
She was a student of the Franco-Swiss pianist and conductor Alfred Cortot, and won the first piano prize at the Conservatoire de Paris.
The 1947 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling College (now known as Grambling State University) as an independent during the 1947 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Eddie Robinson, the Tigers compiled an 11–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 427 to 86.
In two post-season game, the Tigers defeated Bethune-Cookman in the Lions Bowl and lost to Central State in the Vulcan Bowl.
It is Valanginian in age and is predominantly terrestrial, being deposited at a time of marine regression in the Neuquén Basin, and predominantly consists of siliciclastic rocks.
Walcott served as the Director of the US Geological Survey from 1894-1907, and as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1907-1921.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Miss Eva Pearl Parker, a yard employee in the fabrication shop, and launched on 7 November 1944.
Filomeno do Nascimento Vieira Dias (born April 18, 1958 in Luanda) is an Angolan prelate of the Catholic Church who is currently archbishop of Luanda.
Vieira Dias belongs to an illustrious Angolan family with strong links to the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).
Vieira Dias studied in the Capuchin minor seminary in Luanda and in the major seminary of Cristo Rei in Huambo and was ordained on October 30, 1983.
He holds a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Lateran University and a licenciate in philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University.
He is a member of the fiscal council of the Association of Portuguese Language Universities, the Angola Educational Assistance Fund, and the Scientific Society of the Catholic University of Portugal.
Before being ordained a bishop, Dias was a parish and administrative vicar, including in a parish in Northern Cabinda Province; a canon; and a lecturer in philosophy, fundamental theology, African history, African philosophy, contemporary philosophy, and theological ethics.
Vieira Dias was appointed auxiliary bishop of Luanda by John Paul II on October 4, 2003 and installed on January 11, 2004.
Because he was not from Cabinda and because of his family links to the regime of José Eduardo dos Santos, Vieira Dias’s appointment was controversial and was met with massive protests by Cabindan Catholics.
The Episcopal Conference of Angola and São Tomé (CEAST) decried the opposition of Cabindan Catholics to Vieira Dias's nomination and warned against the politicization of the Church in Cabinda.
In Vieira Dias's absence, Eugenio Dal Corso, then the bishop of Saurímo, was sent to Cabinda in July to become apostolic administrator of the diocese.
On July 18, he was beaten while preparing to celebrate mass at the church of the Immaculate Conception and had to be taken to the hospital.
Raul Tati, protested against this move by writing to the Vatican with a request for Dal Corso's resignation, Dal Corso dismissed Tati from his position.
Meanwhile, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda stated that it held CEAST responsible for the confrontation and implied that the bishops' conference was being manipulated by the Angolan government.
Papal nuncio Giovanni Angelo Becciu emphasized that Vieira Dias's nomination was a matter of papal prerogative and would not be revoked.
On October 5, 2019, Pope Francis made Eugenio dal Corso, the Italian-born bishop emeritus of the Angolan dioceses of Saurímo and Benguela, a cardinal.
She attended school in Töölö, received a bachelor's degree at the Helsingin yliopiston Viikin normaalikoulu in Helsinki in 1968, and graduated from the University of Helsinki in 1975 with a major in Romance philology and Russian Language and Literature.
Charles Waldo Rezk (born 26 January 1969) is an American mathematician, specializing in algebraic topology, category theory, and spectral algebraic geometry.
At the University of Illinois he was an assistant professor from 2001 to 2006 and an associate professor from 2006 to 2014 and is a full professor since 2014.
He was at the Institute for Advanced Study in the fall of 1999, the spring of 2000, and the spring of 2001.
She serves as Director of Communication for Rudy Giuliani, and is a Liberty University online communications major (Class of 2022) and has been involved with the firm since August 2019.
Allen lists herself as an ambassador for Turning Point USA and the Falkirk Center at Liberty University, a think tank started in November 2019.
Meinungsgade is a street in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark, linking Nørrebrogade in the southwest with Guldbergsgade in the northeast.
Meinungsgade takes its name from captain Conrad Robertus Meinung (1805-1873) who owned a country house named Vilhelmines Lyst at the site.
Another industrial enterprise, Smith & Mtgind, later [[FLSmidth]], was founded in 1872 founded in a former stable between Meinungsgade and [[Møllegade]].
Koefod & Hauberg relocated to Tagensvej after being merged with Marstrand, Helweg & Co. under the name [[Titan A/S]] in 1897.
The Lincoln University Entomology Research Collection is a collection of approximately 500,000 insect, spider, and other arthropod specimens housed in Lincoln University, New Zealand.
The insect collection at Lincoln University, New Zealand can be traced back to the first days of its existence as the School of Agriculture, Canterbury University College.
In the first two years, natural science was taught by Frederick W. Hutton, at that time Professor of Biology at Canterbury College and later director of the Canterbury Museum, who had half his salary paid by the school.
He presented an insect collection to the institution, some elements of which still remain including their original drawers; these formed the nucleus of the current research collections.
The entomology collection initially consisted mostly of boxes of specimens used for teaching, and was supplemented through light-trapping on campus in the Orchard Car Park.
For years they led and took part in annual departmental summer field trips all over New Zealand; the first of these was a collecting trip to Mt Cook in 1969, followed by expeditions to the West Coast, Stewart Island, D'Urville Island, Fiordland, Central Otago, and many other locations, with a focus on areas that were entomologically poorly-known.
Emberson and others also made substantial collections in their free time for the benefit of what was then known as the Entomology Research Museum.
The collection moved to the newly-completed Hilgendorf Wing in 1968, and the newly-formed Department of Entomology under Professor Harrison had a room set aside for the Entomology Museum, under the care of technician Margaret McPherson.
The Department then moved to the Burns Wing in 1976; while under construction, an entire floor of the Burns building was reallocated to Wool Science, and the Entomology Museum layout had to be redesigned by Peter Pottinger in 24 hours to fit into the remaining fifth-floor space.
After Muir's departure in 1990, John Marris took over as curator, and has continued in this role to the present day.
Initially known as the Lincoln University Research Museum, the collection's primary purpose was building class collections for student study, but as it grew from numerous collecting expeditions it became a substantial research and reference collection, and changed its name in the 2010s to reflect this.
In 2007 the collection was moved from wooden storage boxes to 1300 glass-topped Cornell specimen drawers, a move that likely saved the collection from significant damage in the 2010 Canterbury earthquake.
The only university entomology collection in New Zealand, the collection contains over 250,000 pinned insect specimens, including over 70 holotypes and a large collection of specimens in ethanol.
It is one of the largest and most diverse insect collections in New Zealand, smaller than the National Arthropod Collection at Landcare Research and comparable in size to holdings at Te Papa.
The collection is strongest in South Island species, especially from the West Coast and Southern Alps, with collections from the Chatham Islands, Three Kings, and subantarctic islands.
The following are some publications that are based heavily on the Entomology Research Collections, including taxonomic surveys citing its type specimens.
Ibex Global Solutions, stylized as ibex, is an American business process outsourcing company which is based in Washington DC, United States.
Nehemiah Gordon (נחמיה גורדון) (born January 1, 1972) is a rabbi and researcher on the ancient Hebrew origins of Judaism and Christianity.
He is known to have worked as a translator on the Dead Sea Scrolls and as a researcher decrypting ancient Hebrew manuscripts.
This crime spree ended in Exeter in 1753 when he was arrested for the robbery of man on the outskirts of Bath, for which he was hanged the following year.
He was then employed working in service as an assistant groom for several households over the next ten years, and was considered honest and hard-working.
Each team will have a roster of twelve 21-year-old players, three 19-year-olds, and three older reinforcements; whenever they be recorded in the club.
The tournament will offer the champion two bonus points and the runner-up one bonus point to the respective regular teams in the 2020 Liga 1.
Melissa McGrath (born 1955) is an astronomer whose expertise is the atmosphere and magnetosphere of our Solar System planets and their moon.
She is currently co-investigator on the ultraviolet spectrometer instrument on ESA JUICE mission to Ganymede, and co-investigator on two proposed instruments on the NASA Europa Clipper mission.
Her first connection to outer space was in high school, when she slept outside to watch the night sky and saw the Perseid meteor shower.
Originally, Dr. McGrath intended to be a French major, but switched to a double major in physics and astronomy after an introductory astronomy class, followed by an inter-term class, featuring Carl Sagan.
She then attended the University of Virginia and received her Masters in Astronomy in 1984, followed by her Doctorate in Astronomy in 1988.
Editor of the Astronomical Journal and the Astrophysical Journal Letters Co-investigator of Ultraviolet Spectrometer instrument on ESA JUICE mission to Ganymede, launching in 2022.
On December 10, 2019, a shooting was perpetrated at a kosher grocery store located in the Greenville section of Jersey City, New Jersey, in the United States.
A Jersey City Police Department detective was shot and killed by the assailants at a nearby cemetery just before the grocery store attack.
New Jersey Attorney General Gurbir Grewal stated that evidence indicated the attacks were acts of hate and domestic terrorism fuelled both by anti-Semitism and anti-law enforcement beliefs.
On December 10, 2019, police detective Joseph Seals (who was meeting an informant) encountered two persons at the Bayview Cemetery in Jersey City, New Jersey.
It is believed that he approached the suspects, who were in a stolen U-Haul van that was linked to a murder the previous weekend of 34-year-old Jersey City resident Michael Rumberger in nearby Bayonne, New Jersey.
The suspects then fled in the stolen van and drove about one mile to a kosher grocery store, the JC Kosher Supermarket in the Greenville section of Jersey City, and opened fire upon exiting the vehicle.
At approximately 12:21 p.m., while wearing tactical gear they entered the store and fatally shot an owner, a worker, and a customer.
In the ensuing shootout, the assailants exchanged gunfire with the police for over an hour until they were shot and killed.
The van was later found to contain a live pipe bomb that had the capacity to kill or injure people up to 500 yards away.
Three civilians were also killed: 33-year-old female store owner Mindy Ferencz, 49-year-old male employee Douglas Miguel Rodriguez, and 24-year-old male rabbinical student customer Moshe Deutsch.
Two officers, one male and one female, were wounded in the shootout and were released from the hospital the same day.
On December 11, the shooters, both of whom were killed by police during the siege, were identified as David Nathaniel Anderson (age 47) and his girlfriend Francine Graham (age 50).
Anderson and Graham were suspects in the murder of Uber driver Michael Rumberger in Bayonne the weekend prior to the attack.
Rumberger's blood was found on a bible that belonged to the assailants, and his DNA was on their clothes and one weapon.
Anderson and Graham were also suspects in an incident a week before the Jersey City shooting, when on December 3 two shots were fired at a vehicle driven by a person clearly identifiable as being Jewish, on U.S. Route 1/9 near Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey.
Graham’s phone was in the area at the time of the shooting, and the ballistics matched a gun linked to the two assailants, it was later determined.
His language was linked to that used by the Black Hebrew Israelite movement, which has no connection to mainstream Judaism, the extremist fringe of which includes numerous hate groups listed by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
The Jersey City Medical Center, 12 Jersey City Public Schools in the vicinity as well as that of Sacred Heart Church, located across the street, were on lock-down during the incident.
Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy expressed his condolences, his thoughts and prayers for police, residents, and school children, and praise for the slain detective in a series of tweets.
On December 12, 2019, US Representative Rashida Tlaib released a tweet on her personal account blaming the attack on white supremacy, which was later deleted.
The characters, in the initial scene, speak Turkish until one breaks the fourth wall and acknowledges that the viewers cannot comprehend their speech, before the characters switch to German, the primary medium of the film.
Mohammad Kabir Hassan (alternatively called M. Kabir Hassan, M.K Hassan, or Kabir Hassan) (born 1 October 1963 ) is a Bangladeshi-American economist who serves as Professor of Finance at University of New Orleans.
He moved to the United States in 1983 and received a Bachelor of Arts with major in Economics and Mathematics from Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota.
He was awarded Master in Economics and Doctor of Philosophy in Finance degrees from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1987 and 1990, respectively.
Hassan won the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Prize in 2016, the prestigious and highest award in the field of Islamic banking and finance.
Before World War II, her parents were members of the SDAP (predecessor of the PvdA) and she was then a member of the Arbeiders Jeugd Centrale (AJC).
Five years later, she became politically active in the PvdA, eventually becoming secretary of the Rooie Vrouwen in de PvdA, the women's organization within the party.
In September 1974, she became the first woman alderman in Utrecht, and in November 1986, her appointment as mayor of Beverwijk followed.
Malikat Agha was a Mongol princess as well as one of the empresses of Shah Rukh, ruler of the Timurid Empire.
Her husband was Umar Shaikh Mirza I, the eldest son of Timur, while her sister, Tuman Agha, later became the wife of Timur himself.
Following Umar Shaikh's death in 1394, she was subsequently remarried to his younger brother Shah Rukh, through whom she had one further son, Soyughatmish.
In spite of her exalted lineage, upon Shah Rukh's ascension to the throne, Malikat only acted as a junior wife, with the chief empress being the non-royal Gawhar Shad, the daughter of one of Timur's close followers.
In fact, it may have been because of these elder sons, most of whom had rebelled in the early years of Shah Rukh's reign, that Malikat had a lower position.
This subordinate role even extended to Soyughatmish, who, in comparison to the sons of Gawhar Shad, received a lower military posting from his father, serving in the relatively isolated governorship of Kabul.
One of the first madrassahs in Herat to specialise in teaching medicine was also established under her patronage, alongside a similar institution in Balkh which further served as a caravansary.
It was in this last structure that she was eventually buried, having predeceased her husband, but outliving several of her sons.
Released initially in 2011 to iOS devices, the player plays as Buck Crosshaw in a 19th century wild west rendition of Arizona and Oregon.
The game expanded to Android devices via Google Play on March 17, 2012 and to the Windows Store on September 4, 2013.
The game allows the player to roam about on foot or by horse and complete missions as a man named Buck Crosshaw across two game maps, Arizona (with deserts and mesas) and Oregon (containing forests and mountains).
An in-game store and currency system allow for upgradable clothing items, weapons, and horses, with optional microtransactions available for additional or premium credits.
As missions are completed, the player is rewarded with coins and experience points, unlocking access to higher tier items from the store.
The main storyline and campaign follows Crosshaw's discoveries of the happenings and fate of his lost wife, while a multiplayer mode allows for online team deathmatches and capture the flag.
The game could also cloud save to a linked account, such as Game Center on iOS or Xbox Live on Windows 8.
He was director of the Grill Trading House, one of the leading companies in the East India trade through the Swedish East India Company (SOIC).
One of the notable Grill family, Claes Grill was born in Stockholm, the son of Abraham Grill and Helena Wittmack and twin brother to Anthoni Grill.
Grill started to work for his father and at the age of 17 when he was employed at Abraham's office in the Grill Trading House.
After the death of his father, Grill became director of the Trading House, and ran the company together with his uncle Carlos.
After the death of Carlos (1681-1736), he was sole head of the firm until 1747, when his half-brother joined him as partner.
Since the family had connections to the Netherlands, Grill went there in 1731 or 1732, to further his education and gain more experience with the trading business.
The Dutch Grill company, Antoni Grill & Sons based in Amsterdam acted as a centre for payments to the Grill trading house in Stockholm.
The Anglo-Swedish company run by Andrew & Charles Lindegren in London handled all the exports, shipping documents, vessel clearances, and insurance for the Grill Trading House.
During the second charter of the SOIC between 1746 and 1766, the Grill Trading House was one of the leading companies in the East India trade.
Since the company was connected to so many other trading houses, they could issue bills of exchange for travelers and diplomats to be redeemed at trading houses in other countries.
Under the direction of Grill, the trading house acquired several factories and ironworks: Söderfors 1748, Österbybruk with the Dannemora mine (1750) and Iggesund (1753).
Imports consisted of salt from Portugal, oak and hemp from the Baltic states, also wine, coffee, sugar, cheese, tobacco and textiles.
Grill ran his companies in an old-fashioned, patriarchal way writing letters every week to his managers at the estates concerning everything from the running of the factories to making enquiries about individual employees.
With the building of the manor in Österbybruk, it became the hub for all the iron and mining activities of the Grill Trading House, although Grill and his family did not live there permanently.
They lived in the Grill house in Stockholm until 1764, when he bought the Torstensonska Palace (now known as the Arvfurstens palats) at Gustav Adolfs torg, Stockholm.
Grill was an art collector and his houses were decorated with Chinese objects as well as paintings by Swedish and Dutch masters like Alexander Roslin, Gustaf Lundberg, Hans Memling and David Teniers.
Imported porcelain broken in transit from China or by daily household use became decorative gravel used on the garden paths at one of the Grills' estates.
Grill was interested in natural science and contributed to different projects, such as helping Carl Linnaeus financially and with the collection of plants and animal specimens from foreign lands.
He gave financial support to young scientists and naturalists, lent money (without interest) to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the construction of an observatory, contributed a substantial sum of money to the Danviken Hospital and saved the Sveriges Riksbank (the central bank of Sweden) from bankruptcy in 1747 by buying banknotes at their nominal value.
In 1755, he was one of the initiating founders of the Factory Academy, a social network for factory owners in central Sweden.
Between 1748 and 1750, Grill was a member of the Bourgeoisie in the Riksdag of the Estates and politically involved with the Hats.
When the Hats regained their political power in the Riksdag the following year, the sentence was revoked, but by then Grill had died.
Robert Roger Amparan (born May 21, 1989),  known professionally as Hypno Carlito, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Illinois.
Maybe You Should Talk to Someone: A Therapist, Her Therapist, and Our Lives Revealed is a book by Lori Gottlieb, published in 2019.
This was a surprise to Gottlieb as the couple were deciding to get married and her boyfriend knew she had a child.
Despite being an expert and trained therapist herself, Gottlieb was encouraged by her friends to see a therapist due to her negative state of mind.
Once she has moved on from this stage, Wendell states that he thinks she is suffering with something more complicated than losing a boyfriend.
Six months later, Julie goes to her sign off scan hoping that all is well and she can get pregnant now.
She drinks too much and ends up with the wrong man every time she hooks up, including someone in the waiting room.
Vogt joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1984 and became a city councillor in Wiesloch from 1989 until 1994, when she was first elected to the .
In 1999 Vogt became chairwoman of the SPD in Baden-Württemberg, leading the party thorough the 2001 and 2006 Baden-Württemberg state elections.
She returned to be part of the since 2009 and was part of a parliamentary committee on the Gorleben salt dome, a controversial proposed deep geological repository for radioactive waste.
While driving a converted bus in Mexico, Chernove hit a section of the road that was unpaved and was thrown from the bus causing his back to break.
He qualified for the Canadian National Team and won a silver medal in the C2 3000-metre individual pursuit at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
The next year, Chernove competed with Team Canada at the 2017 Para-cycling Track World Championships, where he won gold and his second World Championship title.
He ended the tournament with a gold medal in the C2 category scratch race, a silver medal in the individual pursuit, and a bronze in the 1,000 metre time trial.
From 1952 to 1954, he was Ambassador of the USSR to Czechoslovakia, and in 1957, he was made Ambassador to Italy.
In 841, he was deposed by the episcopal synod through the machinations of Bagrat II Bagratuni, but he was promptly re-installed in his see by Bagrat's brother Smbat with the assistance of the other princes.
She played with pianist Frances Nash in 1917 and 1918, in New York and several other American cities, and was a guest soloist with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra and the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra.
She was on the faculty at the New Jersey College for Women from 1927 to 1952, and taught her own master classes in New York City, which were modeled on the pedagogy of Joachim and Auer.
The group first gained attention by winning the 2016 World Electronic Sports Games Americas Finals and placing fourth in the inaugural tournament.
Infamous Gaming was founded in December 2015, with an initial roster composed primarily by former members of Team Unknown, who, founded earlier in 2015, were the first South American team to participate in a Valve event, the Frankfurt Major.
Initially, Infamous competed in a number of Minor and Qualifier tier tournaments throughout the first half of 2016 but made its first breakthrough by finishing first in the WESG Americas Finals.
After winning their first two matches, the team lost 1-2 to Cloud9 in the semifinals and again 1-2 to Alliance to place fourth.
Infamous was invited to participate and placed first in the South American regional qualifiers for The International 2017 earning a place in the championship tournament in Seattle.
Infamous competed in several tournaments in 2018, including placing fourth in the GESC Indonesia Minor, an international pro-circuit tournament where earned points would help qualify for participation in The International 2018.
However, it was reported that the team failed to register its roster the previous month, forcing them to participate in the open qualifiers, in which the team was eliminated after placing 4-5th.
After being placed in the lower-bracket following the round-robin, Infamous won their first two matches 1-0 against Keen Gaming and 2-1 against Newbee.
Iraq provided $1663.89 million SDR, Special Drawing Rights, to the IMF, which is 0.35% of total SDR paid to the IMF.
The current Board of Governor of Iraq is Ali Muhsin Ismail with an alternative Board of Governor, Khaled Salah Alddin Mohammed Murad.
Iraq is the part of the constituency with other countries such as Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Maldives, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Republic of Yemen.
Since first joined, Iraq faced 4 official arrangements from the IMF: first arrangement on December 23, 2005 and the latest arrangement on July 07, 2016.
The IMF and Iraq agreed with the amount of $475,360 SDR, which is 40% of the total quota of the Iraqi government.
The reason why Iraq faced the arrangement from the IMF was to gain an economic background for the Iraq government’s new economic development program for next year, 2006.
Iraq's economic program for 2006 comprises of putting emphasis on administrations, distributing resources correctly regarding the issues of oil products, and accelerating prices of oil products.
The IMF and the Iraqi government decided to improve economic growth to 10% and to reduce the inflation rate to 15%.
The Iraqi government tried to settle the economy which as affected by the global decline of oil prices and the ISIS crisis.
She set a Canadian record in the women’s SM8 200-m individual medley in 2002 with a time of 3:03.04, which was beaten in 2016.
Cole was named to Team Canada's National Swimming Team for the 2004 Summer Paralympics where she won a silver medal in the 4X100m freestyle relay and bronze in the 100m butterfly.
As a result, she was named a co-recipient of the 2005 Janet Dunn Award from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Sport Association.
In 2007, Cole qualified for the Parapan American Games with a time of one minute, 26.32 seconds in the 100-metre butterfly.
During the 2007 Parapan American Games, she won two gold medals while competing in the women's S8 disability category 100-freestyle and 100 backstroke.
Spartak Braho (born July 17, 1951) is an Albanian politician and member of the Parliament, currently representing the Socialist Party of Albania.
A former judge in communist times, Spartak Braho was involved in various controversies, where he accused former political prisoners as collaborators as neo-fascists and as people who are trying to dishonor the National War Against Nazi-Fascist Occupations.
During an interview for the Kujto.al portal, former political prisoner Gjergj Hani confessed that he was convicted in 1985 on charges of national treason, in an attempt to cross the Albanian border.
According to testimony, his conviction was signed by Spartak Braho, then a judge of the military college during the communist dictatorship.
In 2019,he also accused Agron Tufa of insulting the anti-fascist resistance during WWII through the publication of books that claim that war crimes were committed by Communist guerrilla fighters.
The public discourse, public threats from Braho and other figures forced Tufa to resign as head of the Institute of the Study of the Crimes of Communism and flee to Switzerland, where he also asked for political asylum.
The 1947 Wilberforce State Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Wilberforce State College of Education (now known as Central State University) in the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In its 12th season under head coach Gaston F. Lewis, the team compiled a 11–1 record and all outscored opponents by a total of 415 to 79.
Prior to the start of the 1947–48 academic year, the State of Ohio withdrew support from the church-supported portion of the school.
Lewis, who had been the coach at Wilberforce since 1934, took responsibility for coaching the state school, and Dwight Fisher coached the religious school.
Count Carl Gustaf Frölich (163714 March 1714) was a Swedish military officer of German descent, Riga Governor in 1700-1706 and infantry general.
Born in 1637 in the family of the Swedish Army officer colonel Hans Christoffer Frölich (1602-1658) and his wife Elizabeth, born in .
The new King of Sweden Karl XII was appointed commander of the Helsinki Regiment in 1698 and, after the commencement of the Great Northern War on 12 March 1700, was promoted to Governor of Riga and lieutenant-general.
From April 18, 1702, he also served as Governor-General of Vidzeme, Sweden, and during the invasion of Russian troops in 1704, he was promoted to infantry general and commander of the Riga garrison.
On January 17, 1706 he was dismissed as Governor General before the siege of Riga (1709-1710) due to an unsuccessful attempt of monetary reform.
The 4th Silver City Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 10 October 1959 at Snetterton Circuit, Norfolk.
The race was run over 25 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Ron Flockhart in a BRM P25.
She is a campaigner for LGBT rights and her photographic project documenting the lives of same-sex couples went viral in 2017.
Kousri has a Tunisian degree which licences her to practice law and she studied for a masters in Sweden, with a dissertation that focused on digital technology and social change.
She says her political activism is a product of her family's struggles against former the authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
Kousri began activism against sexual harassment in Tunisian society while a law student, reporting cases to the police despite their dismissive attitude.
Her political journalism has commented on a variety of subjects including: support for presidential candidate Hamma Hammami, the arrest of blogger , the assassination of Shaimaa al-Sabbagh who was leader of the Popular Socialist Alliance in Egypt, democracy in Tunisia, on human rights activist , on politician Houcine Abassi, as well as other topics.
She has added a voice of criticism to the work of Tunisian politicians and Monia Ibrahim to oppose laws that would expand women's rights in the country.
As a law student, Kousri spoke out against the Islamist government and how Tunisia's politics needed to move to the left.
As of November 2019, the movement's Facebook group had over 21,600 members; it is a place where protest is organised and also provides a safe space for testimony from survivors.
Kousri described the success of the movement as owing a debt to the way that women in Egypt had spoken out for their own civil rights.
She also credits the power of #EnaZeda in gathering momentum quickly - previous campaigns about harassment on public transport by feminist organisations did not capture the imagination of women in Tunisia in the same way.
Kousri has discussed how she observed that after the uprisings of December 2010, sexual violence against women increased and became more violent.
The movement reveals the scale of the problem and shows that silencing victims does not solve problems of sexual aggression in societies.
Kousri is a co-coordinator with the Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates (Tunisian Association of Democratic Women, ATFD), a feminist campaign organisation.
She was a joint signatory with the Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR) in an open letter to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan condemning the murder and torture of Hande Kader.
In 2017, she spoke out on behalf of the organisation against the law that bans marriage between Muslim women and non-Muslims in Tunisia.
In 2019, she led a campaign encouraging the state to re-engage with women's reproductive health as a concern - with cuts in funding, women's access to contraception had declined.
We carried out the revolution, and we refuse to go on being harassed, punished, or pushed around for what we do in the bedroom.
By publishing photos of same-sex couples kissing in public spaces, I hope to push forward the debate about gay rights in Tunisia that has been gaining momentum since the start of the revolution.
She led a discussion about LGBTQIA+ in Africa with Kasha Nabagesera from Uganda, South African Yahia Zaidi, Alimi Bisi Ademola from Nigeria and Michèle Ndoki from Cameroon.
In recent years the Parliament Oak was threatened by fly-tipping and competing vegetation but was subject to conservation work in 2008.
King John stayed at the palace from around the time of his 1199 accession for hunting in Clipstone Park, part of Sherwood Forest.
The Parliament Oak is thought to date from around this time, being of comparable age to the Major Oak, which has been estimated to be 800–1000 years old.
It is said that John hastily assembled a parliament at the tree in 1212 upon being informed, whilst hunting, that revolts against his rule had broken out in Wales and Northern England.
He is thought to have decreed that 28 Welsh boys held as hostages at Nottingham Castle were to be put to death as a consequence.
Edward is also said to have assembled a parliament at the tree on Michaelmas (29 September) 1290, whilst travelling to Scotland.
It is thought this story is more likely to be true than the legend of John's parliament; it was not uncommon for parliaments to be held outdoors in this period, particularly when discussing matters such as the royal forests.
By 1843 it stood on the Ollerton high road, at a point from Ollerton and on the fringe of what remained of Sherwood Forest.
It measured in circumference at a height of from the ground and had a large hollow within it that could accommodate six men.
The Parliament Oak was owned at this time by William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland who feared it was in danger of dying.
The tree stands at the edge of Clipstone Forest, in an access off the A6075 and is looked after by The Sherwood Forest Trust.
Its proximity to the road has placed it at risk of damage and it has previously been threatened by fly-tipping and overgrowth of nearby vegetation.
A £35,000 project led by The Sherwood Forest Trust and Nottinghamshire County Council was carried out in summer 2008 to restore the area, plant of new hedgerow, construct two car parking spaces and install an information plaque.
The Parliament Oak has been described as relatively unknown when compared with the Major Oak but was shortlisted for the 2017 Woodland Trust Tree of the Year award.
The 2019-20 Canisius Golden Griffins men's ice hockey season was the 40th season of play for the program, the 22nd at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
Moshiashvili went to Hameiri Elementary in the city, and subsequently to Nehalim Yeshiva next to Petah Tikva, where he studied under Rabbi Menachem Hirsch.
It became successful due to its business model of charging customers based on the latter's revenue, instead of a fixed price.
This business was done in the shadow of the dot-com bust, which left a lot of Internet infrastructure unused—which Ben-Moshe was able to buy at heavily reduced prices.
He continued to do business in Germany and Europe through Extra Holding, a holding company that manages his business on the continent.
On December 17, 2013, Ben-Moshe and his partner Eduardo Elsztain took over IDB Group, a major Israeli holding company, from Nochi Dankner.
Ben-Moshe placed an ILS 600 million guarantee for the deal to go through, and committed to investing over ILS 1 billion more in the company.
At least two legal opinions pertaining to the court deliberations over the IDB sale said that they could not be sure that Ben-Moshe was indeed the sole owner of Extra Holding, casting doubt on his ability to enter as a partner in IDB.
The two each wanted to take full control of the group, and following arbitration proceedings, Elsztain bought out Ben-Moshe's shares in the company.
In 2017 he decided to buy yet another troubled company, Africa Israel Investments, but after 18 months of negotiations he was beaten out by a partnership of real estate companies Mega Or and Big Shopping Centers.
Rotkiske v. Klemm, 589 U.S. ___ (2019), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the statute of limitations under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act of 1977.
The Court ruled that the statute of limitations begins one year after the alleged FDPCA violation took place, not one year after the violation was discovered by the plaintiff.
In 1977, Congress enacted the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDPCA), a landmark consumer protection law which established federal legal protections against abusive or unfair debt collection practices.
It enacted regulations on the way debt collectors could conduct business, including requirements for serving notice of collection lawsuits to debtors.
The FDPCA is enforced by a variety of federal agencies, primarily the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
The FDPCA also establishes a private right of action; this allows private individuals who are harmed by unlawful debt collection practices to file lawsuits against the debt collector on their own.
(That is, the statute of limitations can be 'tolled' (paused) for a period of time, granting one party additional time to file a lawsuit).
Even if a statute doesn't explicitly contain a provision for tolling, courts can sometimes toll a statute of limitations under the principle of equity, generally when the plaintiff -- through no fault of their own -- was denied their ability to file suit in a timely manner.
However, it served the notification of the lawsuit to an old address, where a stranger at that address accepted the notification.
In 2009, Klemm filed suit for the second time, sending the notification of the lawsuit the same address as in 2008 where, again, a stranger accepted the notification.
Rotkiske argued that Klemm had violated by the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act when it filed its second lawsuit against him in 2009, after the state-law statute of limitations had expired.
He argued that Klemm should not have even attempted to contact him when it knew it did not have the legal ability to collect.
Klemm responded by filing a motion to dismiss, arguing that the FDPCA provides a 1-year statute of limitations for private suits, which had long expired by 2015.
However, in his filing he argued that the doctrine of equitable tolling meant that the statute of limitations should not have begun until 2014 (when he discovered the default judgment while applying for his mortgage).
He argued that the doctrine of equitable tolling applied to his case because Klemm committed fraud by deliberately sending the notification of the 2009 lawsuit to an address that they knew was incorrect, thus depriving him of the ability to appear in court.
He also argued in the alternative that the statute of limitations would not begin until he discovered the default judgment on his record.
The judge ruled that the statute of limitations continues to run even if the plaintiff did not know about the FDPCA violation.
The precedent established by the 3rd Circuit contradicted rulings from the 4th Circuit and the 9th Circuit, each of which had previously held that the statute of limitations begins to toll from the date the violation was discovered, not when it occurred.
On December 10, 2019, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the one-year filing deadline for FDCPA lawsuits runs from the date when the alleged violation occurs.
The opinion noted that Congress could have chosen to include a discovery rule in the law but deliberately chose not to, making it inappropriate for the Supreme Court to add that to the law.
It also noted that, though Rotkiske had made an argument based on equitable tolling and fraud in the District Court, he chose not to raise that argument in his appeal, thus preventing the Supreme Court from addressing it.
She agreed with the majority's interpretation of the FDPCA statute of limitations, but asserted that the fraudulent actions alleged in the complaint should warrant the application of the discovery rule, starting the statute of limitations on the date that he learned of the default judgment (in 2014).
She considers this fraud-based discovery rule distinct from the generic discovery rule rejected by the majority, and would apply it even in cases where the generic discovery rule does not apply.
This ruling upheld the 3rd Circuit's ruling against Rotkiske, and resolved a circuit split between the 3rd Circuit and the 4th and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal.
U Sam Oeur (born 1936) is a Cambodian poet, a former member of the parliament of Cambodia, and a former UN delegate.
Born in 1936 in rural Svey Rieng Province, Cambodia, French Indochina, Oeur spent his youth farming rice and herding water buffalo.
from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, where he was recruited as a student in poetry by Dr. Mary Gray, director of The Asia Foundation.
After his education in the United States, Oeur returned to Cambodia, where he managed a cannery in Phnom Penh, worked in light industry, became a captain in the politician-general Lon Nol’s army, and served on the Cambodian delegation to the United Nations before the Khmer Rouge took over.
In 1975, Oeur and his family members were forced, along with millions of other residents of Phnom Penh, out of the city by the Khmer Rouge.
Grounded in this historical and experiential context, his poems explore what it means to have one’s identity effaced, or to efface one’s own identity to avoid being killed.
He also engages with a spirit of collective anguish left in the aftermath of the rule of the Khmer Rouge, projecting hope in light of the horror and violence he and other Cambodians were subjected to.
Oeur has worked closely with American poet Ken McCullough, whom he met in the Iowa Writers Workshop while the two were classmates.
Preben Bang Henriksen (born 11 February 1954 in Nørresundby) is a Danish barrister and member of Parliament of Venstre, the Liberal Party, since 15 September 2011.
He is chairman of the parliamentary Legal Affairs Committee and member of the Business, Growth and Export Committee and the Scrutineers’ Committee.
He graduated as master of law from Aarhus University in 1979, became a solicitor in 1982, gained the right to appear before the High Court from 1982 and right to appear before the Supreme Court from 1986.
The peak is situated within Seven Sisters Provincial Park and Protected Area, southeast of Cedarvale, and north of the Seven Sisters Peaks massif and Seven Sisters Glacier.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Orion Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
It was established in the 1980s by fusion of the various miniature goat populations of the United Kingdom into a single breed.
These were of two principal types: a stocky achondroplastic type derived from the West African Dwarf group of breeds of West Africa; and a small but well-proportioned type derived from the Southern Sudan goat.
Among these there were two principal types: a broad, short-legged, compact and solid achondroplastic type, often blue roan in colour, derived from the West African Dwarf group of breeds of West Africa; and a small but well-proportioned type derived from the Southern Sudan goat.
The breed society is not among those approved by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to operate a herd-book.
In 2018 a population of 2316 head was reported to the DAD-IS breed database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
The K30 and K30 5G use an anodized aluminum frame and Gorilla Glass on the front and back like the K20.
At the rear, the camera protrusion is now a single unit surrounded by a circular accent, with a dual-LED flash below.
The primary camera has been upgraded from a 48 MP sensor to a 64 MP sensor, while the telephoto lens has been omitted in favor of a macro lens and depth sensor.
The camera array consists of a 64 MP primary sensor, an 8 MP ultrawide sensor, a 2 MP dedicated macro camera and a 2 MP depth sensor.
Optical image stabilization is not present on any of the lenses, but the primary lens has PDAF; both devices can record video at 4K@30fps, 1080p@30/120fps or ultra slow-motion 720p@960fps.
However, the screen is an LCD panel as opposed to the AMOLED panel previously used, and as a result the fingerprint sensor is located on the side rather than an in-display optical unit.
Both devices are powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 700 series SoCs, with the K30 retaining the K20's Snapdragon 730 and Adreno 618 while the K30 5G receives the newer Snapdragon 765 and Adreno 620.
Storage and RAM options have been carried over from the K20 (64, 128 or 256 GB of UFS 2.1 storage and 6 or 8 GB of LPDDR4X RAM) but microSD card expansion is now supported up to 256 GB.
Fast charging is supported for both; the K30 maxes out at 27W while the K30 5G is slightly faster at 30W.
As in the past many candidates stood without party affiliations although an increased number of Labour candidates contested the industrial wards.
In addition, three Guardians were elected to represent the Ammanford Urban District and another three to represent the Cwmamman Urban District, both of which also lay within the remit of the Llandeilo Guardians.
Elected candidates at both Ammanford and Cwmamman stood specifically as Liberals, in contrast to the non-political nature of previous Guardians elections.
Rutherford was born in a small Russian village around 30 kilometers from Chernoby, which was the site of a nuclear disaster in 1986.
Due to her disability, her parents put her up for adoption where she was taken in by an American couple at the age of four.
She qualified for the 2002 IPC World Championships where she set a new world mark in the S10 Women's 100 backstroke.
Rutherford later beat her old world record for the Women's 100 metre backstroke S10 at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, winning gold in the making.
After graduating from high school in 2006, Rutherford accepted a placement at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with a major in biomedical engineering.
While Khanam was a student of the University of Dhaka, she served as the Vice-President of Dhaka University Central Students' Union (DUCSU).
NGC 7812 (also known PGC 195) as is a Spiral Galaxy in the constellation Sculptor, though it might look like it is in Pisces if observed at the wrong angle.
At its widest, it measures approximately 100-thousand light years (30660 parsecs) across, and is 315 million light years away from Earth.
It was first described to science in 1846 in a volume by James Dwight Dana, reporting on the animals found on the United States Exploring Expedition.
The buried portion of the column is pink or white, while the part above the substrate, if any, is green or brown.
After his death, Smbat and his older brother Bagrat divided their father's inheritance between them: Bagrat took the regions of Taron, Khoith and Sassoun, i.e.
In 841, for instance, Bagrat had the Armenian bishops depose the Catholicos of Armenia, John IV, but he was promptly re-installed in his see by Smbat with the assistance of the other princes.
Nevertheless, the Armenian princes were able to use the Caliphate's preoccupation with the Khurramite rebellion of Babak Khorramdin to achieve a significant degree of autonomy during this period.
Smbat, who had spent time at the caliphal court as a hostage, was more circumspect about openly challenging Arab power than his brother, but both were ultimately too weak to seriously threaten Abbasid predominance for the time being.
When Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, who in his previous tenures had become enormously unpopular among both the Christian and the Arab princes of the country, was appointed as caliphal governor in 841, Smbat led the reaction against him.
The rebels achieved his recall by the Caliph and his replacement with the weaker and more pliant Ali ibn Husayn, to whom the Armenians not only refused to hand over the expected taxes, but whom they promptly blockaded in his capital, Bardaa.
When Caliph al-Wathiq () reappointed Khalid as governor, Smbat was again at the forefront of a revolt against him, alongside the Muslim rebel Sawada ibn Abd al-Hamid al-Jahhafi and Sahak, Prince of Syunik.
The All-MLB Team is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) honor given to the best players across both leagues at each position during the season.
Selections to the first and second teams are determined by a fan vote and a panel consisting of media members, former players, and baseball officials.
Plans for the all-MLB team were announced on November 25, 2019, with the first edition of the all-MLB teams being announced at the 2019 Winter Meetings in San Diego.
The roster of each team consists of one catcher, four infielders (one for each position), three outfielders regardless of position, five starting pitchers, and two relief pitchers: one being the recipient of the Reliever of the Year Award and the other being another closer, usually the saves leader in each league if the saves leader is not the Reliever of the Year winner.
Adolf (Adolph) Ulric Grill (19 March 17521 October 1797) was a Swedish ironworks owner and scientific collector of animals and fossils for his cabinet of curiosities at Söderfors Manor, Tierp Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden.
He married his cousin, Anna Johanna (1753–1809) in Stockholm on 7June 1778, they had one son who died at an early age.
Initially the factory's main products were anchors but with additions and improvements to the facilities he expanded into the production of wrought and pig iron amongst other goods.
Like his father, he was a natural scientist and he collected mounted animals, fossils, minerals and plants in a museum, started in 1783, at the Söderfors manor.
He was able to use his connections through his relatives in the trading houses, to send for specimens from Greenland and China.
The collections were also increased during his travels and on a journey to England in 1788, he traded a mounted moose for 60 rare birds.
The collection was displayed as a full size diorama, the centerpiece being a cliff with mounted lions, tigers with cubs, leopards and a number of other animals surrounding the cliff, the largest being a sirenia.
There are also many nods to 80’s technology throughout the music video such as camcorders, karaoke machine, Playstation console, and alarm clock.
Dan Mooney (born 3 July 1999) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League One side Fleetwood Town.
On 9 October 2018 Mooney made his debut for Fleetwood in the starting line up for a 2–0 defeat against Rochdale in the EFL Trophy.
The World Bank Group is a large international financial institution that continuously provides loans and grants in order to fund capital projects in poor and developing nations across the globe.
Belarus joined the World Bank back in 1992 and has since then received over $2.5 billion in lending commitments since then and in the form of grant financing, it has received $31 million, with much of this funding going towards programs that include civil society partners.
Currently, Belarus's active portfolio within the World Bank has a total of $933 million, with it containing a total of nine different projects, as well as two more projects that are currently still in preparation in the areas of energy efficiency and higher education.
The majority of this funding has been directed towards the themes of pollution management and environmental health, climate change, and rural services and infrastructures, with the majority of the funding going directly into the central government, other agencies and extractives, and forestry sectors of the country, as well as sustainable energy.
Belarus has seen much economic struggle in the past and has struggled to recover from past economic collapses, especially with the collapse of the USSR socialist system making it one of the poorest countries in Europe at the time with around 50% of the population living below the poverty line.
In the year 2000, people living within poverty was at a high of 60%, but was drastically cut to below 1% by 2013 as Belarus experienced much of its financial growth between the years of 2006-2011 as expenditures amongst the bottom 40% of the population actually increased during the financial crisis.
However, even with much of its economic advances, Belarus has since then remained on the decline due to weakness in exports and final consumption, as well as large public debt.
Despite its efforts for economic growth, Belarus has long struggled with a relatively low Gross Domestic Product per capita and continues to even today due to low productivity growth and worsening external environment.
Belarus's last record of Gross Domestic Product per capita has it at 6744.50 US dollars back in 2018 and a GNI per capita of 5,670.
Belarus has an investment portfolio within the World Bank with a total of 40 projects having been funded, totaling over $2.5 billion with two new projects underway, in association with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
The majority of funding has been directed towards the sectors of the central government, other agencies and extractives, and forestry, as well as sustainable energy.
Belarus's current Country Partnership Framework for the fiscal years of 2018-2022 was encouraged and endorsed by the World Bank Board of Directors on April 3,2018 with its emphasis on: improving the contribution of infrastructure to climate change management, economic growth, and human development, creating opportunities to expand the private sector and promote more efficient public investment, as well as maintaining country's human capital edge.
However, even with much work and projects underway to help stimulate economic growth, the World Bank projects growth in Belarus to be at best, 1.5% in 2019 and between 2020-2021 the poverty headcount is expected to remain flat, in relation to still positive, but much weaker economic growth, as well as fewer increases in real wages.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) have provided Belarus with about $1.988 billion in total commitments towards utility efficiency, sustainable energy, education, forestry, finance, and others across the total of 19 projects.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has provided Belarus about $285 million in the sectors of tourism, retail and property, manufacturing, financial institutions and others across a portfolio of 18 projects.
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) has awarded Belarus a total of $243.5 million in guarantees to finance 3 projects, all being towards the financial sector in the country.
World Bank involvement in Belarus recently has lowered its economic growth forecast from 1.8 to 1.5 percent in 2019, as well as its relatively un-changed forecast for 2020-2021 being at 1.3 and 1.2 percent.
An adaptation of the novel by Danièle Sallenave, the film stars Ron Lea as Pierre, an academic at the Université de Sherbrooke who is torn between his marriage to Annie (Johanne-Marie Tremblay) and his extramarital affair with the younger Laure (Pascale Bussières).
The film premiered at the 1992 Montreal World Film Festival, where it was named the most popular Canadian film of the festival and Bussières won the award for Best Actress.
The film received five Genie Award nominations at the 13th Genie Awards, for Best Adapted Screenplay (Leduc and Yvon Rivard), Best Cinematography (Pierre Mignot), Best Art Direction/Production Design (Louise Jobin), Best Costume Design (Michèle Hamel) and Best Sound Editing (Jérôme Décarie, Diane Boucher, Michel Bordeleau, Francine Poirier and Claude Beaugrand).
She was also one of the TOP-11 nominees for Sports Moment of the Year in the Finnish Sports Gala - Urheilugaala.
The 2019-20 Holy Cross Crusaders men's ice hockey season was the 55th season of play for the program, the 22nd at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
The Braves, led by 5th-year head coach Montez Robinson, play their home games at the Davey Whitney Complex in Lorman, Mississippi as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
However the action of the opera is based on a love triangle between entirely fictional characters; Thomyris’ son prince Orontes and the Armenian king Tigranes, who are rivals for the affections of the Persian princess Cleora.
The original 1707 version of the opera concludes when Thomyris intervenes to prevent the Scythians from sacrificing Cleora; she has received false news of Orontes’s death, while Tigranes is wounded in battle.
In the 1709 version, Orontes reveals to the wounded Tigranes that Cleora, captured as a baby and brought up by Cyrus as his own daughter, is in fact Thomyris’ daughter and thus his own sister.
The recitatives for the opera were composed by Johann Christoph Pepusch, who also adapted the 56 arias in the work from music by Francesco Gasparini, Giovanni Bononcini, Alessandro Scarlatti and Agostino Steffani.
The original cast were Pepusch’s future wife Margherita de L'Epine, soprano (Thomyris), Francis Hughs, countertenor (Orontes), (later replaced by Valentino Urbani) Catherine Tofts (Cleora), Mr Lawrence, tenor (Tigranes), Richard Leveridge, bass, (Baldo) and Mary Lindsey, soprano (Media).
The subscribers wished to hear him singing in Italian, so he did, with the other parts in the opera still performed in English.
By the time of its 1709 revival two more Italian singers had been added to the cast, and they too had their arias translated from English into Italian.
Walsh was obliged to reduce the price of his edition in 1707 when John Cullen published a rival one, and he discounted it again in 1709 in the face of rival editions.
Margherita de L'Epine was moved to the male role of Tigranes, while the title role of Thomyris was undertaken by Haym’s wife, Joanna Maria Linchenham.
This time the main attraction was the famous and very expensive castrato Nicolini appearing as Tigranes, on 17, 21 and 24 November, 6 and 20 December 1709, and 3 January and 23 February 1710.
It is the first and also the last album to feature their founding bassist Seiji Nagasawa before he left the band.
Austin Richard Poganski (born February 16, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the San Antonio Rampage in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Poganski played junior hockey with the Tri-City Storm in the United States Hockey League (USHL) before committing to collegiate hockey with the University of North Dakota.
Prior to his freshman season with the Fighting Hawks, Poganski was selected at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft in the fourth round, 110th overall, by the St. Louis Blues.
On March 26, 2018, having completed his collegiate career with the Fighting Hawks following his senior season in 2017–18, Poganski signed a two-year, entry-level contract with the St. Louis Blues.
District 18 is based in Manchester, covering the city's 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th wards as well as the nearby town of Litchfield, all in Hillsborough County.
He played for the Vancouver Giants and Lethbridge Hurricanes in the Western Hockey League before signing as a free agent with the Wild on September 26, 2017, having been undrafted in the NHL Entry Draft.
World deaf records in athletics are the best marks set in an event by a deaf person in the sport of athletics.
Records may be set in any continent and at any competition, providing that the correct measures are in place (such as wind-gauges) to allow for a verifiable and legal mark.
He was chief rugby union correspondent for the paper from 1987 to 2012, and was the Australian rugby union correspondent for ESPN from 2012 to 2018.
She studied Fine Art at the Institut Supérieur des Beaux-Arts in Tunis, then studied for an MA in Fine Art at Paris-Sorbonne.
Initially Snoussi trained as an engraver, but currently works in ink and paint, creating large-scale pieces of work reminiscent of Hieronymous Bosch or Georges Bataille.
These works invited visitors to add to them and Snoussi is interested in breaking down the division in gallery space between artist and viewer.
Snoussi's 2016 exhibition at the Tunisian Embsassy in London, explored the monstrous and featured large-scale illustration drawn directly to the embassy walls in red.
Sexuality and the body is an important part of Snoussi's work, which is defined by its intertwining of the themes of science and mysticism.
She has exhibited her work consistently since 2013, with exhibitions, amongst others, in: Climbing through the Tide (Tunis, 2019), Galerie LaLalande (Paris, 2019), Art Brussels (2018), Somerset House (London, 2017), Platform Parallel (Tunis, 2016), Cité Internationale des arts (Paris, 2015), Jazz Festival (Carthage, 2014), Galerie Yahia (Tunis, 2013).
Rarmani River Miguel Joseph Edmonds-Green (born 14 April 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays for Huddersfield Town as an defender.
Edmonds-Green was born in Peckham, Greater London, and was previously at the Nike Academy as a youngster before signing for Huddersfield Town on his 17th birthday in January 2016.
He quickly became captain of the under-18's side in the 2016–17 season, before moving up to the under-23's side in 2017.
His first piece of first team action came for Brighouse Town in the Northern Premier League Division One East, where he helped them win the play-offs, but due to an unusual rule regarding the arrangement of teams in their level of the football pyramid, they weren't promoted.
He then was sent on loan by new Huddersfield Town manager Danny Cowley in October 2019, when he joined National League side Bromley, who he played for in 7 games, before being recalled by Huddersfield, where he then made his league debut in a 1–0 win over Charlton Athletic.
Edmonds-Green had made his debut in a 1–0 defeat against Lincoln City (then managed by Cowley) in the Carabao Cup earlier in the season.
The tournament is organised by the governing body for football in South America, CONMEBOL, who commissioned the event in 2015 as part of a declaration of commitment to develop beach soccer on the continent which involved establishing new tournaments, including an under-20s championship.
It is the first and also the last album to feature their second and longest serving bassist Yasuyuki Kotaka before he left the band in 2015 due to his illness.
Hori decided to travel the world, leaving Japan for the first time and visiting Egypt, Europe, the United States and Mexico.
Hori lived in Arezzo, in Tuscany, Italy, for five years from 1987, setting up a studio there and painting colourful images of the local setting.
The Narukawa Art Museum in Hakone, home of over 100 of her works, hosted a memorial exhibition from July to November 2019.
Harratt was raised in Barnsley, and was previously at Barnsley and Leeds United as a youngster before signing for Huddersfield Town in 2017.
Wai-Hong Tham is a Malaysian associate professor at the University of Melbourne and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), and joint head of the division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defense.
Tham was involved in work in 2000 with the lab of Barbara Baker on the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N in tobacco plants at University of California, Berkeley, using deletion studies to identify important amino acids in the structure of the protein to fight off the virus.
During her PhD Tham studied telomeres of yeast, showing that the localisation of the left telomere of chromosome IV at the periphery of the nuclear membrane was essential for, but not sufficient, to prevent gene expression.
Tham continued to work on yeast for her next project in the lab of Angelika Amon; using strains with individual genes deleted to identify genes involved in the separation of chromosomes during meiosis.
Her further work in the same lab found the binding sites on the CR1 peptide for Rh4, and proved that phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tails of Rh4 and other invasion proteins (sections of surface membrane proteins inside the cell) were essential for the malaria parasite to be able to penetrate red blood cells.
Pershing, also known as General Pershing, is a giant sequoia located within the Giant Forest Grove of Sequoia National Park, California.
In 1926, Sequoia National Park superintendent Colonel John R. White dedicated the tree to honor General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I.
It is the 19th largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered the 18th largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant atrophied during the Rough Fire in 2015.
It is the first and also the last album to feature their third bassist Teruki Takahashi before he left the band.
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is a de-facto state situated in the northern territory of the Republic of Cyprus.
The world bank recognizes and works with 189 member countries which are allowed to receive funding from various branches of the World Bank such as the IBRD or the IDA.
Due to its uncertain political status, TRNC as a state cannot receive financial funding from any branch of the World Bank.
In its SABER report, the world bank refers to TRNC`s governmental institutions in quotations, in which they specifically state that use of governmental names as it appears in TRNC`s consitution does not suggest a recognition of the state itself.
The main recommendations World Bank officials made in their report was improvements in the budget allocated for job-specific training schemes, setting its socio-economic goals at achievable levels and improving the technology for data collection.
This survey aimed to gather data from both communities and put it into circulation in an effort to promote peace on the island through better informing both the Turkish Cypriot and the Greek Cypriot communities.
The most striking statistic that was obtained during the survey was the 173% increase in the total number of motor vehicles passing the border from the Greek Cypriot side into the Turkish Cypriot territory.
In an interview conducted by a Turkish Cypriot and a Greek Cypriot journalists with Dirk Reinermann, who is the manager of Southern Europe and a team of Economists at the World Bank, Reinermann made remarks about the World Bank`s official position regarding unification on the island.
However, the structural discrepancies between the EU-regulated Greek Cypriot banking and financial sectors relative to the unregulated Turkish Cypriot banking and financial sectors would make economic convergence of the two communities a challenge.
Therefore, the World Bank report has indicated the fact that higher education seems to be a high-potential avenue through which the TRNC could grow economically.
Whilst 60 percent of all students are from Turkey, this provides readily available highly educated labor for both the public and private sectors.
The most important recommendation the report makes is the regulation of the quality of education offered by the Turkish Cypriot authorities.
Isaacson earned a bachelor's degree in Political Science from State University of New York at Oneonta, and an A.S. in Early Childhood Education from State University of New York at Farmingdale.
Isaacson was chosen as the Democratic nominee for O'Brien's seat by Philadelphia ward leaders after O'Brien withdrew from the race in July 2018.
She crafted a bill that would offer state tax credits of up to $2,500 per individual for interest paid on student loans for individuals earning up to $75,000 and couples making up to $155,000.
The film profiles a number of women who were active in comedy in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including Joy Behar, Phyllis Diller, Ellen DeGeneres, Whoopi Goldberg, Geri Jewell.
He played lead on Chuck Hay's team out of the Kilgraston & Moncrieffe Curling Club in Perth, Scotland during a very successful run in the 1960's.
The team won the Scottish Men's Championship four years in a row, earning them the right to represent Scotland at the World Curling Championships in those years.
At World's in 1966 and 1968 Glen's team took home the silver medal, with Canada winning the Championship each of those years.
At the 1967 World Men's Championship they defeated Team Sweden, skipped by Bob Woods, in the final to win Scotland's first World Men's Championship.
46th and 8th is the sole album led by trumpeter Waymon Reed recorded in 1977 iand released on the Artists House label in 1979.
Piotr Obidzński (born 1982 in Warsaw, Poland) – Polish manager, entrepreneur and sailor.. Chairman of the Board of the Wisła Kraków.
Project included a round-the-world sailing expedition and financed by the Government of Poland as a part celebrations of centenary of regaining Independence.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
He married Louvennia Bozman on November 10, 1934, and though they had no children of their own, they raised two younger cousins together.
He was stationed in Europe for three years, and it was in Germany, France, and Austria where he first encountered fine art.
His canes, featuring solo human figures at the head of the cane, were so successful that they were his main wource of income during the Depression, charging between 75 cents and five dollars each.When Willis inherited his father's farm in 1963, he had more space and freedom to create in his own way, and thus began to seriously paint and draw for the first time.
Shortly thereafter, his work was discovered by William Ferris, the director of the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi.
He tries to achieve subtle, three-dimensional shifts by painting on different kinds of paper with various thicknesses and collaging them together on the same canvas.
As for the canes that Willis carved, his early ones were carved out of hickory wood, but he later switched to cedar for its suppleness and elasticity.
Willis noted doing his best work during lonely periods, at night in the winter and early spring, in which his imaginary and material worlds could combine.
He covered the surrounding walls with photographs of his family, friends, and community members-- looking to them for inspiration while painting.
Willis's process was just as often motivated by a specific image he could picture in his mind, as it was by a stream of consciousness creativity driven by no preconceived idea.
As a black man living in the Mississippi throughout the 20th Century, Willis saw death and violence affect his community in visceral ways.
This condensed imagery communicates ubiquitous narratives found in his community and the communities of other African American artists living in the rural American South.
It is the largest tree in Atwell Mill Grove, the 20th largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered the 19th largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant atrophied during the Rough Fire in 2015.
Diamond is located northwest of Mineral King Road and southwest of AD, requiring a fair bit of uphill cross-country hiking to reach either tree.
The 2020 F3 Americas Championship powered by Honda will be the third season for the FIA Formula 3 regional series across North America.
The top 3 teams gain promotion to NCL Division Two .The bottom three sides have to renew their members any new members have to be elected to the league.
2019: The Kingstone Press National Conference league will run with 50 teams next season after Batley Boys, Hensingham and Heworth were all duly elected to the competition for 2019.
The votes were overwhelmingly in favour of backing the NCL Management recommendations that proposed a return to the NCL for Heworth after a three-year absence, and new members in Batley Boys and Hensingham.
Her work is in the collections of the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León, the Metropolitan Art Society (MAS), the Museo nazionale delle arti del XXI secolo in Rome, Italy and the Collezione Maramotti.
Eugene Kelly (November 25, 1808 – December 19, 1894) was an Irish-American merchant, banker, and philanthropist, who founded corporations in San Francisco and New York City.
At the age of twenty-four he emigrated to the United States, and became a clerk in the mercantile house of Donnelly Bros, New York.
After a few years, he removed to Maysville, Kentucky, and went into business, but later on established himself in St. Louis.
When the California Gold Rush began, he saw the opportunity and went to San Francisco in the latter part of 1849, opening a mercantile establishment there in partnership with Joseph A. Donohoe, Daniel T. Murphy and Adam Grant.
After ten years of business, the firm dissolved, and Kelly took part in founding the Pacific Coast banking house of Donohoe, Ralston & Co., in San Francisco, and the firm of Eugene Kelly & Co., in New York.
He founded the Southern Bank of the State of Georgia and contributed largely to the rebuilding of the town hall of Charleston, S. C., after the Civil War.
He was known as a supporter of arts, charity and education: he was one of the original life members of the National Academy of Design, for thirteen years a member of the Board of Education, a patron of the American Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and a member of the Chamber of Commerce.
In the Roman Catholic Church, of which he was a member, he was a prominent layman, being one of the founders of the Catholic University of America, and a director until his death.
He was also a trustee of Seton Hall College and a member of the committees which had oversight of the construction of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, the Washington Square Arch and the Statue of Liberty erected in New York harbor.
In 1857, he married Margaret Hughes, niece of Archbishop John Hughes, and four sons by this marriage survived him — Eugene, Edward, Thomas Hughes and Robert J. Kelly.
It's still heavy and it most definitely fits their usual sonic template with plenty of palm-muted chugs, tight breakdowns, and heavy screaming, but the band is instrumentally and melodically branching out now.
And that's for the better, as it's these moments that provide the record's highlights, and 'Waves' may just be one of the band's greatest.
Despite the musical diversity and as much as I love the idea of bands taking steps towards changing and evolving their sound, I must say that this is actually one of Crystal Lake's weakest releases.
Common lilac is known for its spring flowers, which can be altered due to decay of flowering stems after intense infection.
When the pathogen is sufficiently advanced, the presence of small dark dots indicates the production of cleistothecium (chasmothecium), an important structure in the protection of potential inoculum.
Lecithin is recognized by the European Union as a treatment for powdery mildews diseases and is commonly available in the soy-derived formulation ‘soy lecithin’.
Synthetic compounds such as thiophanate-methyl , propiconazole , and chlorothalonil are used to treat variety of powdery mildew diseases, as well as other fungal pathogens.
Compounds with high risk such as thiophanate-methyl can be referred to in the FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) Code List document.
It is the lead single for their fourth studio album Vena, produced by Brandon Paddock, written by Masato Hayakawa and was released on 16 September 2015.
This song is highly regarded as the best that Coldrain has to offer and is a popular staple song at live shows.
When asked about the latest single, Masato had a lot to say about the meaning and where some of the foundations came from.
He revealed that the claps were implemented to help with the atmosphere and help make the song that much more memorable and is great when fans clap along with the intro at the start of every performance.
He also mentioned about how personal this song was to him, as he initially didn't want to share it with the studio.
Later on, it was admitted that he was happy that they made the correct decision to use it to promote the record.
The feeling you get when you feel so distant from someone despite them saying they’re there for you and they care about you.
A tweet which got everyone buzzing on Twitter was when Hayakawa put a post stating the world premiere for the music video was tomorrow, followed by a short clip of the intro of the song.
Upon release, the song received substantial airplay on Sirius XM, Octane, BBC Radio One and Kerrang leading to a lot of hype for their upcoming album.
Mirrors shattering are also a centre point, and helps convey the idea of reflecting on what they had which is now fading away into dust.
In the end, it is revealed that she left him behind after the realisation hits that she is gone for good.
Intertwined with the music, silhouettes of the band members are shown playing the song with bright studio lights of the albums logo flashing around them.
As of December 2019, the song has 4.2 million views on YouTube, being Coldrain's third most viewed music video on the site.
It is the largest tree in Nelder Grove, the 23rd largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered the 22nd largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant atrophied during the Rough Fire in 2015.
On July 3, 1859, naturalist Galen Clark, Judge John W. Fitzhugh, and journalist L.A. Holmes discovered the tree while on a hunting expedition in the area.
In 1875, prospector-turned-hermit John A. Nelder built a cabin near the tree, which he considered to be the largest in the world.
Nelder met naturalist John Muir later that same year, but when Muir measured the tree, he determined it to be smaller than the Grizzly Giant tree of Mariposa Grove.
Nelder's tree, though narrower, was later found to be taller and more voluminous than the Grizzly Giant, making it the second largest giant sequoia in the region after the Washington tree of Mariposa Grove.
Harmer described the song as having been inspired by the spirit of community activism that followed events such as the 2017 Quebec City mosque shooting.
Three weeks after the album's release was announced, Harmer also announced that she will promote it with her first large-scale tour in many years, featuring dates in both Canada and the United States.
Janke has also completed work as a legal consultant with the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) on the Pacific Traditional Knowledge Action Plan.
Terri Janke and Company specialises in Indigenous intellectual property, Indigenous cultural and intellectual property and business law, and is the largest and oldest Indigenous law firm in Australia.
Janke is respected as one of Australia's leading Indigenous lawyers, and is considered an expert and international authority on Indigenous cultural and intellectual property (ICIP) and has written the leading protocols ICIP models for various industries including film, arts, museum and archival sectors.
Janke has served on the boards of many Indigenous and non-Indigenous organisations and associations, with some of her previous positions including the National Centre of Indigenous Excellence (Deputy Chair), Tourism Australia, National Indigenous Television (Chair) and Ngalaya Indigenous Lawyers Association (Chair), as well as at the State Library of NSW.
In 2011, Janke was named the NAIDOC Indigenous Person of the Year, and was invited by the Prime Minister in April 2008 to be a delegate at the Australia 2020 Summit.
Alongside the leading ICIP protocols and models in various sectors, Janke has many publications on the effect of the law on Indigenous peoples and culture, many of which are commissioned by both government and non-government organisations and institutions.
Major John Button (May 18, 1772 - November 9, 1861) was an American-born Upper Canada settler (founder of Buttonville, Ontario), sedentary Canadian militia officer and founder of the 1st York Light Dragoons (also as Troop of Markham Dragoons or Captain Button's Dragoons).
He was the forth generation of Buttons in America (the first ancestor is believed to be Matthias Button (1610-1672), who arrived in the Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony around 1633).
In 1790 John Button was working as a cooper and married Elizabeth Williams (1772-1847) in Dutchess County, New York in 1795.
With the end of the American Revolution and not being an active United Empire Loyalist, Button would not begin the process of migrating north to Canada until the ratification of the Jay Treaty in 1795.
In 1798 he petitioned the then President of the Executive Council and Administrator of Upper Canada Peter Russell for land in Upper Canada.
Not waiting for the approval of his request his family settled in at Crowland Township (in now Welland, Ontario) in the Niagara Region (with family members already residents in the township) from 1799 to 1801.
Once the grant was approved in 1801 (by Peter Hunter) they settled on 200 acres of land along Yonge Street (somewhere north of Bloor Street as Park lots ran north–south direction south of Bloor) in York, Upper Canada.
He later sold this grant, moved north to Markham in 1803 and obtained 200 acres around the area now known as Buttonville, Ontario around 1805.
Button joined the local militia in 1808 as a Lieutenant with the North York Regiment of Militia and established his cavalry troop, Light Dragoons, in 1810.
Despite the end of the War of 1812, Button saw the need to maintain military alertness and requested to maintain his troop's readiness.
Button was promoted as Major in 1831, had participated in the War of 1812 (Battle of Detroit) and later in the Rebellion of 1837 (Battle of Montgomery's Tavern).
Button began selling off his land holdings in the latter part of his life (1840s) which lead to the establishment of Buttonville in 1851.
John Button Drive is another residential street near Woodbine Avenue and 16th Avenue closer to the area where Button had settled with two connecting roadways, Captain Francis Drive and Colonel Marr Road, are named for his sons and grandson respectively.
Buttonville Crescent / Buttonville Street is a short residential street off Woodbine Avenue and located within what was John Button's Markham grant.
Buttonville Public School (c. 1992) and the 1872 Buttonville Schoolhouse are named for the community that is linked to his name.
At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Lion completed the men's individual H1 time trial in 18:45.21 minutes, and his second race in 17:41.65 minutes, finishing with a silver medal.
In 2016, Lion competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, but finished in sixth place with a time of 36:50.45 minutes.
However, because she appears to be too perfect, he writes her a low rating, but then Chizuru berates him for that and reveals she is meaner than he expected.
However, when Kazuya's grandmother collapses in the hospital, he brings her along and the grandmother is smitten with how great she is.
Kazuya continues renting Chizuru in order to keep up appearances with his family and friends, but things get complicated when they discover they are next-door apartment neighbors and attend the same college.
The series has been licensed in North America by Kodansha Comics, which will release the first volume in English on June 2, 2020.
The series is animated by TMS Entertainment and directed by Kazuomi Koga, with Mitsutaka Hirota handling series composition, Kanna Hirayama designing the characters, and Hyadain composing the music.
The Central Junior Football League was a football league competition operated under the Scottish Junior Football Association between 1931 and 2002, with an expansion of its membership in 1968.
The dispute lasted four years, with none of the teams from the powerful Glasgow Junior Football League entering the Scottish Junior Cup and instead playing in separate competitions.
In 1931 these teams returned to the SJFA and the Central league was created, although notes from its 1932 AGM stated that it was the 32nd such meeting, suggesting that internally it was considered a continuation of the pre-1927 GJL.
A reorganisation of the Junior level across Scotland in 1968 resulted in the Lanarkshire Junior Football League, which had existed since 1891 but had never been as successful as the Glasgow and Central leagues which instead drew the best Lanarkshire teams away into their setup, was fully integrated into the new Central 'region', one of six in the country.
In that period, Cambuslang Rangers (coincidentally one of those members based in Lanarkshire but always affiliated with Glasgow leagues) were the strongest club, but their dominance faded after the mid-1970s.
A right-handed player from Hamburg, Fahlke was one of four tennis playing brothers, who were coached by their father Gerhard while growing up.
Fahlke turned professional in 1996 and went on to reach a best singles ranking of 181 in the world, with qualifying appearances at the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon.
Most of his career was spent on the Challenger circuit, where he made three singles finals, but in 2000 he featured in the main draw of two ATP Tour tournaments.
At the 2000 BMW Open in Munich he received a wildcard into the singles event and was beaten in the first round by Ivan Ljubičić, who he then partnered with in the doubles main draw at the 2000 Hamburg Masters.
The 2020 Nordic Golf League is the 22nd season of the Nordic Golf League, one of four third-tier tours recognised by the European Tour.
It stars Sara Loren, Natasha Ali, Mohib Mirza, Noor ul Hassan, Sohail Sameer, Waseem Abbas, Saba Faisal, Azra Aftab, Iftikhar Iffi and Rasheed Naz.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Since the disappearance of Silva, Zúñiga began a tireless search for his whereabouts, going to various human rights organizations that opposed the dictatorship and who helped the victims.
In January 2018, it was announced Bob Odenkirk had joined the cast of the film, with Ilya Naishuller directing from a screenplay by Derek Kolstad, Odenkirk will also serve as a producer on the film, while David Leitch will also produce.
Ramothe made his debut for Guadeloupe on 7 September 2019, in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League C match against Sint Maarten.
Ramothe went on to play in all of Guadeloupe's Nations League matches that campaign, and finished with three goals as Guadeloupe went undefeated, being promoted to League B for the next edition and advancing to the first round of the 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup Qualifiers.
Sumbersari Football Club is an Indonesian football club based in Malang, East Java that competes in Liga 3 and play their home match at Gajayana Stadium.
McClammer played both basketball, tennis and athletics as a child, but injured her spinal cord in a car accident when she was six years old and had to start with a wheelchair.
She was introduced to wheelchair racing at a sports convention and hired coach Theresa Skinner to train her for competitive racing.
As a freshman in high school, McClammer became the youngest member of Team USA in the 2008 Summer Paralympic Games in Beijing at 14 years old.
She missed the first two weeks of school at Kiona-Benton City High School but upon her return, McClammer joined the school's cross country team.
She also earned a gold medal with a time of 34.55 in the women's 200m T53, and another at the 100m.
As a student at the University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, McClammer was named to Team USA's 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships team and competed in the Women's 200 metres.
In 2016, McClammer won two silver medals and one bronze in the women's 5,000 meters-T53/54, 4×400 relay-T53/54, and 1500 meter races at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
The next year, she competed with Team USA at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships where she won a silver medal with a time of 55.50.
USADA found that the HCTZ appeared as a trace contaminant in a permitted prescription drug, without McClammer's knowledge and without cause of negligence.
Alger was appointed to the position of United States Ambassador to Belgium by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on May 26, 1953.
Alger was a member of a number of organizations including the American Legion, the Elks, the Sons of the American Revolution, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Military Order of the World Wars, and was a Freemason.
He was the lead singer of Guelewar, as well as one of the lead singers of Super Diamono () during the 1980s.
The IMF would have a strong influence over the economy of Chile through the post-World War Two era of the 20th century, especially during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
In 1973 the democratically elected government of marxist Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup launched by the military of Chile.
General Augusto Pinochet became leader of the nation and he set the nation on a path of laissez-faire economics, hoping to gain favor with the United States.
In the immediate wake of the coup inflation had reached a record annual rate of over 500%, and amongst the first goals of the Chicago Boys was to bring this under control.
The overthrow of Allende was seen as a positive development by the major world financial institutions, and the IMF quickly began talks with the new government.
Inflation began to increase again and the amount of the population in poverty increased drastically, reaching over 40% of the population The shock economics of the Chicago Boys lost favor with the dictatorship, and one by one they were forced out and replaced by more moderate economist.
These economist weren't given the same amount of freedom to experiment, and so the influence of the IMF over the economy greatly increased.
Since the return to democracy Chile has taken no loans out from the IMF, instead working to decrease its level of debt.
Chilean economics are still in line with the advice given to it by the IMF in the decades prior, evident by being ranked the most business friendly country in Latin America.
Kuala Terengganu Rovers Football Club, or popularly known as KT Rovers is a Malaysian amateur football club based in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS), also known as cauda equina syndrome, is a pathologic degeneration in the lumbosacral disk in dogs; affecting the articulation, nerve progression, tissue and joint connections of the disk.
This degeneration causes compressions in soft tissues and nerve root locations in the ultimate caudal area of the medulla, causing neuropathic pain in the lumbar vertebrae.
DLSS has been found to affect dogs between the ages of 7 and 8, males ranging twice as higher than females in the research area.
Medium to large-sized working breeds with high rates of activity are mostly affected by this disease, the German Shepherd breed being the most common on DLSS diagnosis.
Behavioural problems will also be presented in dogs affected by DLSS, due to the pain they suffer on their lower back.
It has been researched that there is a positive correlation regarding a dog’s behaviour with the amount of lumbar vertebrae that are affected by this disease, respectively showing that behavioural disturbances are more likely to appear with dogs that have 3+ affected vertebrae.
Symptoms such as anxiety, sudden loss of appetite, or mild aggressiveness when performing physical activities can become clear signs of this disease.
DLSS is associated with behavioural problems depending on how much the disease affects the dog; in other words, the more tissue and bone that is affected by DLSS, the more reluctant the dog will be to perform any kind of physical activity.
Its most general overview and research ground for understanding this pathological disease takes place in the military, since dogs who take part in the special forces (German and Dutch Shepherd, Labrador Retriever and Belgian Malinois being the most proper breeds) are widely studied as they progress through their incredibly active life.
Those affected by DLSS, generally diagnosed in their retirement period, show a wide range of decreased activity when performing certain demanding tasks that require physical stress, thus, becoming crucial exemplars for lumbar diseases.
DLSS is commonly identified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) due to their precision in recognising abnormalities in soft tissue and small bone structures.
Medical treatment is necessary to correct this lumbar disease, generally varying from anti-inflammatory drugs (lacking steroids, such as: tramadol and gabapentin) to surgical correction; surgery being the most effective of course.
Dorsal Laminectomy is the most common procedure for DLSS treatment, which implies the decompression or des-inflammation of soft tissues and nerve roots.↵Surgical fusion of the lumbosacral vertebrates has also been found to improve the affected vertebrae, since it reduces motion by eliminating certain nerve compressions located in the vertebral canal.
Alternative conservative or non-surgical treatment is also a convenient option with dogs that have not fully developed Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis; ranging from regular walks to underwater excercises that aid the affected lumbar vertebrae decompress and tone the corresponding muscle.
If there is no surgical intervention, oral tramadol and alternative gabapentin have shown to decrease the neuropathological pain dogs suffer when affected by the disease.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 21 and UHF channel 15, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 Station Group.
It was changed to DW34BN on September 1, 1993 and moved between the two until changing to W21CK-D on April 4, 2008.
Paul Reed (born June 14, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the DePaul Blue Demons of the Big East Conference.
Reed grew from being 6-2 as freshman in high school to 6-6 as a junior and was 6-8 by the start of his senior year.
As a senior, he averaged 18.2 points and 11.4 rebounds and was named the Central Florida Player of the Year as he led the Mustangs to the state championship game.
Rated a three-star recruit and the #235 prospect in his class, Reed committed to play college basketball at DePaul over offers from Clemson, Kansas State, Rutgers and Murray State.
He received more playing time towards the end of the season and averaged 5.6 points and 4.6 rebounds over the final 14 games of the season.
As a sophomore, Reed averaged 12.3 points and a Big East Conference-leading 8.5 rebounds per game and was named the Big East Conference most Improved Player.
In the 2019 College Basketball Invitational Reed averaged 18.3 points, 10.3 rebounds, 2.7 blocks, and 2.2 steals as he helped lead the Blue Demons to the best-of-three final.
Reed recorded ten double-doubles and was named to the Big East Weekly Honor Roll four times during DePaul's 13-game non-conference schedule at the start of the season.
Located in the hundreds-year-old Cha'er hutong, a Chinese courtyard, surrounded by family homes, the award-winning structure is recognized for its blend of old and new architecture.
Funded by the municipal government,  the building is part of an urban development program  to enhance the lives of residents while preserving hutong history.
Zhang Ke of ZAO/standard architecture in Beijing designed the children's library and art centre as part of a hutong renewal project.
It was a typical Da-Za-Yuan, which means big, messy courtyard, where up to a dozen families had lived for about 400 years.
Although most recent renovations eliminate add-on structures like these, the architects redesigned, renovated, and reused the remaining structures to create the library and art spaces, preserving this oft-neglected layer of Beijing's contemporary civil history.
Steps inside the building create an elevated reading area in front of a wide window, encouraging children to climb up and read a book.
Builders also transformed a former kitchen beneath a large Chinese scholar tree into a six metre square micro art space using recycled bricks.
In 2016, the Hutong Children's Library and Art Centre project received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, one of six winners worldwide.
The award jury praised the project for its modification and re-use of a historic building and its embodiment of life in traditional courtyard residences.
The building contains a children's library and an elevated reading nook where children can read in front of a picture window.
In one room, an artist may show children how to create paper cut art while a multifunction space is suitable for showing movies.
Local residents see the hutong renewal project as good for the community as the area was transformed from piles of rubbish to a place where children come to play and learn.
The project helped preserve historic buildings instead of leveling the area for large-scale construction, bridging the gap between modern development and tradition.
Hutong renewal helps keep families in the community where they have lived possibly for hundreds of years instead of relocating to distant apartment towers, preserving their community bonds.
Botswana is part of the Kalahari desert, approximately 70% of the country is based here..It was once a part of the British protectorate, before it gained its independence in 1966 under a commonwealth .
Most of their economic growth is due to their production of diamonds, which allowed it to become an upper middle-class country..
The goal of the world bank is to consolidate Botswana’s progress while also looking at a range of areas and noting its problem areas.
Its first major project with the World Bank was a Roads and Water project, which was to develop the transportation system in the city of Bechuanaland.
One is the Integrated Transport Project, estimated to cost $186 million, and the Emergency Water Security and Efficiency Project, estimated to cost $145.5 million.
The World Bank conducted 3 projects that coincide with one another, they incorporate electricity transmission, economic diversification and strengthen public sector performance.
The other project looks at the water sector and it aims to have advisory support for the Glen Valley Waste Water Treatment Plan.
The main points of this project was to strengthen the National AIDS agency’s institutional management and coordination capacity and the second was to finance strategic and innovative HIV/AIDS related prevention.
Through this project, the government of Botswana was able to provide job opportunities in wildlife-based tourism to benefit the conservation of wildlife.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 39 and UHF channel 25, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 Station Group.
It moved to WYHB-CD on April 23, 2012, then to WHUA-CD on December 13, 2018, and the current callsign of WYHB-CD on December 14,2018.
The 2019 KBS Drama Awards (), presented by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), was held on December 31, 2019 at KBS Hall in Yeouido, Seoul.
The newspaper was founded in 1922 by Edward Giles Irvin (1893-1982), the youngest of the ten founding members of the Alpha Kappa Psi fraternity.
Irvin is memorialized in the name of the charitable arm of the Chicago Alumni Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi and in the name of an annual Kappa Alpha Psi award.
This bill amends the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 to make permanent the authorization for the Land and Water Conservation Fund.
No less than 1.5% of the annual authorized funding amount or $10 million, whichever is greater, shall be used for projects that secure recreational public access to existing federal public land for hunting, fishing, and other recreational purposes.
Random-resistor-random-temperature Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise key exchange, also known as RRRT-KLJN or simply KLJN, is an approach for distributing cryptographic keys between two parties that claims to offer unconditional security.
This claim, which has been contested, is significant, as the only other key exchange approach claiming to offer unconditional security is Quantum key distribution.
It has the advantage over quantum key distribution in that it can be performed over a metallic wire with just four resistors, two noise generators, and four voltage measuring devices---equipment that is low-priced and can be readily manufactured.
ICON is an Irish-headquartered global provider of outsourced drug development solutions and services to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries.
ICON offers consulting, clinical development and commercialisation services in a broad range of therapeutic areas from a global network of offices.
ICON received 2019 Clinical Research Organization leadership awards in five categories, determined by Life Science Leader magazine and Industry Standard Research (ISR).
ICON has a broad range of therapeutic areas which include, but are not limited to Oncology, Vaccines, CNS, Cardiovascular and CNS.
ICON assists pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies with drug and device development services covering entire lifecycle of product development, ranging from small local clinical trials to large global programs.
ICON states it is the only CRO to offer a validated design, simulation and analysis software platform for adaptive clinical trials.
ICON’s commercialisation and outcomes function includes real world evidence strategy and analytics; late-phase patient and site engagement, and language services; strategic regulatory services; and medical device & diagnostics research.
Also, ICON is a sponsor of Mapi Research Trust, a non-profit organisation dedicated to improving patients’ quality of life by facilitating access to patient-centered outcome information.
ICON supports services such as patient studies, clinical research unit, pharmacodynamic models, data visualisation, NONMEM software, PK/PD Pop software, and precision methodology cardiac assessment.
ICON provides global FSP partnerships and strategic resourcing for a range of functions including clinical data management, pharmacovigilance, biostatistics, drug safety, medical writing and for roles such as clinical research associate and clinical trial associate.
ICON incorporates medical imaging as part of their clinical trial support, including assessing clinical trial endpoints for Phase I - IV trials, imaging for efficacy and safety, support for early phase decision-making, and statistical support for validation of novel scales and methods.
Director Raj Kiran announced that he would make a film based on true events that happened in the United States, Switzerland, and New Zealand.
Dundalk entered the 2000–01 League of Ireland First Division season having finished fourth the previous season, thus missing out on a promotion/relegation play-off.
It was Dundalk's second season in the second tier of Irish football, and their 75th consecutive season in the League of Ireland.
Following the financial difficulties of the mid- and late-1990s, and relegation for the first time at the end of the 1998–99 season, the club had been taken over by the Dundalk F.C.
The previous season there had been expectations of an immediate return to the top-flight, but a poor start left them struggling to catch the leaders and, with a play-off spot seemingly secured, the club became embroiled in a losing battle with the league's hierarchy and Kilkenny City.
The row, over Kilkenny playing an improperly registered player, reached the High Court, who sided with Kilkenny thus handing them the play-off spot.
Relegation in 1999 had resulted in a large turnover of players – 31 different players making League appearances in the 1999–2000 season alone.
A number of local players had been retained from the previous season's squad, but another ten players were signed before and during the season, so that 21 players in total would make league starts.
The previous season's disappointment, and the amount of players coming and going, meant that hopes were low going into the new season.
The 36-match schedule got under way on 11 August 2000, and Dundalk had a promising start, leading by the end of the month.
But a slump in form saw them risk losing touch with fellow pace-setters, Athlone Town, obliging Murray to bring more players in.
A victory over Athlone in November, and a five game winning streak, kept the gap to four points as the other sides fell away.
The season was nearly derailed, however, when the 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak lead to an exclusion zone being put in place around County Louth.
They had beaten Shelbourne in the first round of the Leinster Senior Cup, but the crisis saw the competition ultimately abandoned for the season, and it would be 2010 before it was revived.
In the second round of the FAI Cup they had been drawn against non-league Malahide United, and the game had been postponed four times as the crisis wore on.
At the fifth attempt, the match was played behind closed doors at a neutral venue, and Dundalk were knocked out in the first match they had played in over five weeks.
Two heavy league defeats followed as they struggled to get back up to speed, with home matches having to be played in United Park in Drogheda.
But four wins in a row, including a 2–1 victory over Athlone in the first match played in Oriel Park in over two months, meant Dundalk had won the First Division title (their first), and secured promotion back to the Premier Division for 2001–02 with a game to spare.
PSG Gresik is an Indonesian football club based in Gresik, East Java that competes in Liga 3 and play their home match at Gelora Joko Samudro Stadium.
They won Liga 3 East Java for the first time in their history after beating Perseta Tulungagung 5–3 in penalty shootout.
Colin Percy Campbell (July 3, 1877May 18, 1956) was the Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1909 to 1910.
It is the first album to feature new bassist Tetsuya, who replaced Kei due to his death on an acute heart failure at his home on midnight of 12 January.
On 4 December, the band released the album in Japan with an announcement that the worldwide release date is set on 15 January 2020.
Landrieu spent most of his career as a prefect, after spending the early part of his career as a cabinet minister.
After Landrieu retired from his life as a prefect, he served on Chirac's staff until March 2012, when he retired from public life.
The castle was subjected to a number of sieges and captured on several occasions during the Hundred Years’ War between France and England.
Guillermo Brown Blanco (1838 - 1882) was a Uruguayan military of outstanding work in the navy of Argentina and the United States.
He was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, the son of Guillermo Brown Chitty and Angélica Celedonia Blanco Vila, belonging to a distinguished Anglo Creole family.
After returning to Argentina, he continued his military career serving in the Argentine Navy where performing some logistics tasks during the Triple Alliance War.
Guillermo Brown Blanco was married to Corina Caravia Gutiérrez, daughter of Bernabé Caravia Pérez and Dolores Gutiérrez Bosch, belonging to a traditional Uruguayan family.
His paternal and maternal grandparents were William Brown and Juan Benito Blanco Farías, a politician who participated in the War of Independence.
Through his maternal line he was cousin of Isabelino Canaveris, a revolutionary who served in the ranks of the Uruguayan National Party during the Guerra Grande.
Whelan served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Ottawa County 1st district from January 8, 1903 to 1908.
Tsutomu Katsuki (September 23, 1946 - October 13, 2014) was an organic chemist who primarily focused on asymmetric oxidation reactions utilizing transition metal catalysts.
He is the head football coach at Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas, a position he had held since the 2002 season.
The River Portage, a tributary of the southwestern shore of the Petit Saguenay River flowing successively in the municipalities of L'Anse-Saint-Jean and Petit-Saguenay in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Portage River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
This headwater body is located between the Mont à l'Ours (Bear Mount) () and East Mount ), in the southern part of Zec de l'Anse-Saint-Jean.
He was formally admitted to the legal profession in April 1925, joining his brother's law firm of Nelligan & Gun, which later became Gun & Gun.
He made his first-class debut at the age of 21 for South Australia in the Sheffield Shield match against New South Wales at the Adelaide Oval in January 1925.
On the first day he batted at number seven, going to the wicket when South Australia were 5 for 122, and scoring 136 not out, taking the total to 389 all out.
On the second day, when New South Wales batted, Les Gwynne (also making his first-class debut) and Tommy Andrews were building a steady partnership for the third wicket against mediocre bowling when South Australia's captain Vic Richardson asked Gun to bowl.
Gun set a bodyline field of seven fieldsmen on the leg side, including five behind square and one at forward short leg.
Bowling right-arm fast-medium over the wicket to the right-handed batsmen, he proceeded to bowl short-pitched deliveries at the batsmen or just outside the line of leg stump.
Andrews disdained to play strokes against such deliveries, but was surprised by a fuller ball from Gun that bowled him off his pads.
Despite not quite knowing how to treat Gun's bowling, Gwynne reached his century, but was later dismissed by Gun, caught after skying the ball.
He made one more century for South Australia: against Western Australia in 1925-26 he made 129, putting on 313 in less than four hours for the opening partnership with Arthur Richardson.
Chris (Christine) Beasley is an Australian researcher whose interdisciplinary work crosses the fields of social and political theory, gender and sexuality studies and cultural studies.
In 2018 Beasley was named the leading researcher in feminism and women's studies in Australia based on major journal publications in the field.
One of Beasley's major intellectual contributions has been to explore possibilities for, and barriers to, dialogue across the sub-fields of gender studies: feminism, masculinity studies and sexuality studies.
Beasley has brought attention to the ‘potential disjunctions’ that arise as a result of the different ‘theoretical frameworks or paradigms’ that shape the overall agendas of masculinity studies and feminist scholarship.
Beasley is also known in the masculinity studies field through her critical yet supportive engagement with the work of Professor Emerita Raewyn Connell.
Beasley has shown that care is used as a resistant framework in arguments against individualization that work towards diverse political agendas – including some that connect to feminist agendas.
Beasley has collaborated with Professor Emerita Carol Bacchi and together they have postulated the notion of 'social flesh' as a means to challenge the atomistic individualism that frequently underpins understandings of the human subject in political philosophy.
Beasley has a BA, Dip Ed, M Ed, MA and PhD from Flinders University, South Australia, and MA from Birmingham University, UK.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
According to the Royal Chronicles he succeeds his brother Nippean Bat , reigns three or six months before resigning in favor of his nephew Lampong Reachea.
Cutcheon served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Washtenaw County 1st district from 1861 to 1864.
Cutcheon was the president of multiple banks over the course of his life, the Dime Savings Bank in 1884 and the Ypsilanti Savings Bank in 1892.
The symptoms of Lily Gray Mold include the appearance of water-soaked spots on leaves which appear white and increase in darkness with age, ranging from gray to brown.
In addition to leaves, petals, stems, and buds may be infected, and this gray webbing will eventually cover the plant, feigning the appearance of gray flowers.
This may be derived from mycelium in overwintering sclerotia, which produce conidiophores to create conidia, the asexual spores of this fungus.
The conidia germinate, often penetrating the young leaf tissue of the lily, although the flowers, buds, or stem may also suffer from infection.
These proteins act together as a master regulator the initiation of sexual fruiting body development, which begins when both proteins are expressed in a dikaryotic cell.
These are brown in color, and darken as they mature, and they range between 7-12 mm in height, with apothecial disks from 3-4 mm diameter and 0.5-1.0 mm in thickness.
These ascospores infect Lilium species’ leaves as effectively as the conidia throughout the growing season, although mycelium are the primary inoculants of young lily shoots in the spring.
The rapid accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, nitrous oxide, and antioxidant activity trigger in the plant’s defense response, and long-term, highly concentrated increases contribute to high resistance in these plants.
Cultivars displaying high resistance are the Oriental and Oriental x Trumpet hybrid lines, whereas the susceptible cultivars included Asiatic and Trumpet cultivars.
In addition to breeding for Botrytis-resistant cultivars, steps can be taken to prevent the spread of this mold in the field.
Because this mold requires water to spread to other plants, Botrytis can be greatly reduced with good drainage to the soil and caution to avoid overwatering.
The ascospores on this debris could overwinter and infect the plants in the spring, so it is advised to either bury the debris in a hole at least 12” deep or, preferably, burn it.
These treatments should be applied to selected plants before treating an entire bed, and always using the recommended instructions on the product’s label.
The family soon relocated to Los Angeles, where Francis Sr. eventually became a prominent member of law enforcement there before dying in a 1932 plane crash.
The story also follows the history of Manichaeism, from its beginnings in the Sassanid Empire (present-day Iraq) to its transcontinental spread.
The trilogy’s Eurasian setting and the region’s importance as the axis mundi of world cultures was inspired by Shui’s travels through Tibet and Xinjiang, which he started after resigning from an editorial position in Xining.
The company, which built houses that buyers chose from pattern books, was responsible for many of Highland Park's early homes and community buildings.
Both styles are relatively rare in Georgia, although the Gothic Revival is well represented in Cave Spring, and their successful integration in one .building is extraordinary.
The massif is situated within Seven Sisters Provincial Park and Protected Area, southeast of Cedarvale, south of Orion Peak, and surrounded by Seven Sisters Glacier.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Seven Sisters Peaks is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Seven Sisters Mountain was the name adopted in 1948, but the mountain's name was changed and officially adopted October 4, 1951, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
With the exception of Weeskinisht, the other names were submitted by Neal M. Carter of the Alpine Club of Canada and officially adopted in 1977.
Hanscom served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Oakland County district in 1842 and then again in 1845.
The first agreement with the IDA occurred on February 8, 1983 supporting the Praia Port Project for the amount of $7,200,000.
The strategy set in place by the World Bank following this exclusion from the LDC list was described in their fiscal year 2015-2017 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) which focused on enhancing macro-fiscal stability and improving competitiveness within private sector development.
With the population growing and less employment opportunities, the World Bank has a firm stance on closing the significant skill gaps within the employment market and a shift to promoting increased productivity within the country.
Along with these issues it has been stated that Cabo Verde needs to address reforms in the investment sector in order to increase their global competitiveness.
Public spending in the health and education sectors are also within the World Bank's suggested fiscal strategy, and the positive outcomes from altering such public spending may result in an increase in capital and a reduction in national debt.
The East Rome Historic District, in Rome, Georgia, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
It includes a commercial area around the intersection of East 8th and Second Avenue plus the northern end of Maple Avenue.
Another small commercial section is on Maple Avenue is by the railroad, around the former site of the depot; it includes brick buildings.
The Captive Virgins (Filipino: Mga Bilanggong Birhen) is a controversial 1977 drama film produced by Armida Siguion-Reyna and directed by Mario O'Hara and Romy Suzara.
The film was restored by the ABS-CBN Film Archives through Central Digital Lab as part of the Centennial Year of the Philippine Cinema.
Reyna Films, the production company owned and operated by Armida's son Carlos Siguion-Reyna and his wife Bibeth Orteza, supplied the 35mm master negative and sound negative of the 1977 film Mga Bilanggong Birhen.
The film took 550 hours of restoration to remove damage from the negative such as mold, film grain, splice marks, instability, flicker and to reconstitute several missing frames.
Actress Jobelle Salvador, the daughter of Leroy Salvador; producer Bibeth Orteza, daughter-in-law of Armida Siguion-Reyna; and Tess Carvajal, the granddaughter of Monang Carvajal, also attended the film's premiere through representation of the cast and crew who were deceased or unable to attend.
I knew this because I was the president of the IMPDAP that year and Fernando Poe Jr. was president of the PMPPA.
They founded the Scheer Memorial Hospital in Banepa, which is the only Western hospital in Kavre District and serves half a million people.
Sturges came from a strong tradition of medical missionary work in his family, and his goal was to minister to the needs of the sick and needy disregarding their social or economic position.
It was illegal to openly speak and preach Christianity in Nepal at the time, so patients would come into contact with Sturges’ religion through the hospital.
He had an older brother, Dr. Hubert F. Sturges who opened a missionary practice in Ethiopia and a younger brother, Dr. Keith W. Sturges who eventually took over the Scheer Memorial Hospital.
Sturges played for the 1955 Loma Linda university volleyball team that went on to win second place at the national championship.
After beating big-name universities in the Los Angeles area and qualifying for the National Tournament, his team came within 2 points of winning the national championship against Florida State University.
Two years after graduating from medical school, Sturges arrived in Nepal with his two children and wife, Raylene Sturges in 1957.
Sturges originally planned to open a practice in Kathmandu, but didn’t want to threaten the United Medical Mission already serving there, so he looked 16 miles east to Banepa.
It was the hub of three trade routes converging on the Valley of Seven Cities, also known as the Kathmandu Valley.
When he passed through the city, headsman and 10,000 of local tribesman staged a demonstration for Sturges to choose the city for his practice.
Through the alumni network at Loma Linda University, Sturges contacted Clifford C. Scheer, a construction consultant in New Jersey who was thinking about constructing a memorial for his recently deceased parents.
It was officially opened and dedicated in a ceremony on May 18, 1959, which was attended by former Prime Minister BP Koirala, the Minister of Health, and 3,000 townsmen.
It has also since established the Scheer Memorial Adventists Hospital Medical Institute, College of Nursing where students can earn a B. Sc.
Because of the abundance of patients, Sturges also opened mobile clinics in Panauti and Dapcha Chhaatrebangh on different days of the week.
A local pressed charges against Sturges and the hospital, insinuating that the hospital blocked a nearby holy water source, destroyed a path connecting Banepa to Chandeswori, overcharged for services, preached the Christian religion openly, and that Sturges was guilty of malpractice.
The ceremony was broadcast on national television on January 20, 1961, and Sturges appeared on the Ed Sullivan show, the Today show, and met President Richard Nixon.
Sturges received the American Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award in 1965 and the Pacific Union College Honored Alumnus Award in 2016.
Upon returning to the United States, Sturges was an instructor in psychiatry at the University of Cincinnati before retiring in Portland, Oregon.
Mummies 317a and 317b are the infant daughters of pharaoh Tutankhamun of Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty and their mother was likely his Great Royal Wife Ankhesenamun, who has been tentatively identified as the mummy KV21a.
The mummy referred to as 317a is of a girl who was born prematurely at 5–6 months gestation, and mummy 317b is that of girl born at or near full-term.
Both mummies were contained within two nested wooden coffins: the outer coffin was covered in black resin, with gilded bands that name the deceased only as 'the Osiris'; the inner coffins were covered in gold foil.
The linen wrappings were secured by five transverse bands and two triple longitudinal bands over the front and back, and sides.
The skin was noted as being very brittle and greyish in colour but overall was found to be in good condition.
The mummy lacked eyebrows and eyelashes, presumably due to its early gestational age, but light-coloured silky hairs (lanugo) were present on the head.
The cranium was found to be filled with high and low density contents which may represent brain tissue or embalming material.
The manner of wrapping was very similar to the smaller mummy - two triple longitudinal bands and four transverse bands around the head, neck, abdomen, and ankles - on top of a shroud.
The interior of the cranium was examined through the fontanelle and found to be filled with linen which had been inserted through the right nostril.
The umbilical cord was not preserved but the navel was not retracted indicating that the umbilical cord had been cut off rather than drying off naturally.
The mummy was next examined in 1978 using x-rays and was found to have been damaged over the intervening years, with the skull crushed, and ribs broken.
The age was estimated to be thirty five weeks gestation to full term, and she was diagnosed with Sprengel's deformity, spina bifida, and scoliosis.
A later re-examination of the x-rays suggested that the child may have been as young as 31 weeks based on the degree of ossification.
It has also been suggested that the two were twins who suffered from twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome resulting in one twin who was large for its gestational age and one who was much smaller.
The left scapula is higher than the right but this is due to the left scapula and clavicle being entirely separated from the body and rotating upwards.
The spine was found to be in poor condition and fractured postmortem with fragments missing; this gave the appearance of a deformed spine with neural tube defects but no anomalies were found.
It is possible that damage caused by lack of preservation in the modern age has caused spinal damage due to spina bifida to be indistinguishable from postmortem damage.
Spina bifida, along with other neural tube conditions, can be passed down genetically, and Tutankhamun had a partially cleft hard palate and a clubfoot, both of which can be related to spina bifida.
The female mummy referred to as KV21a, possibly the mother of the two children (discussed in more detail below), also had clubfeet on both sides.
A child with spina bifida born in Ancient Egypt might have survived to term, but could not have survived past early infancy, as lifesaving surgery was not available.
DNA analysis was conducted as part of the Tutankhamun Family Project and although only partial matches were obtained, it was enough to conclude that both mummies were the children of Tutankhamun.
Only a partial DNA profile was able to be obtained from the KV21a mummy, but it suggests that she was the mother of the two children.
Folger was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the position of United States Ambassador to Belgium on March 28, 1957.
Bella Jarrett (February 9, 1926 – October 19, 2007) was an American stage, television, and film actress as well as a novelist.
She quit her public relations job after a year and rented a flat so that she would be available for any auditions.
Jarrett was part of the Bedside Network in which she read and performed for people who were chronically ill. She was also a member of Call for Action and Mensa International, the largest and oldest high IQ society in the world.
With exception to species in California, they generally produce two types of flowers: showy, yellow chasmogamous (cross-pollinated) produced earlier in the growing season, followed by cleistogamous (self-pollinated) flowers that are smaller and lack petals.
Richard Marshall Bagley Sr. (May 14, 1927 – December 13, 2001) was an American politician who served for two decades as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates.
He announced a run for governor in the 1985 election but dropped out before the Democratic primary, which was eventually won by Gerald Baliles.
He then sought the chairmanship of the Democratic Party of Virginia but stepped aside to allow Dick Davis to take the position.
Hakobyan taught history and social sciences in schools, worked as a school supervisor in Artashat District National Educational Department, later in AKP Ararat district commissariat.
It (or its vicinity) was the site of two large battles in the 17th century: Battle of Ochmatów (1644) and Battle of Okhmativ (1655).
A white power symbol is an insignia, sign or gesture used to espouse a viewpoint that people of European descent are superior to other people.
Thabiso Collin Mokhosi (c.1968 – December 10, 2019) was a South African Army officer, who served briefly as Chief of the South African Army.
He was appointed Chief of the Army on 1 November 2019 but was due to fill the post in 2020 due to illness.
Elmer Maddux (May 6, 1934 – November 20, 2019) was an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 58th district from 1988 to 2004.
Wei was born October 1925 into a peasant family in Wutai County, Shanxi, Republic of China, and grew up during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
He joined the underground Communist movement in 1946 and became a member of the Communist Party of China a year later.
In 1986, he advocated giving enterprises more freedom to determine their own objectives, which won the support of many other economists.
In 1896 he bought the newspaper and was both publisher and editor the next fifty years, except during the German occupation of Norway, when he was dismissed from his position as editor by the Nazi authorities.
In 1946 his two sons Dagfinn and Magne took over as editors, and the newspaper was owned by the family until 1991.
He was invited not only to the weddings of Azerbaijan, but also to the assemblies of several cities in the Middle East.
In addition to being a singer, Haji Husu was also engaged in pedagogical activity and was known as a musician who excelled in Eastern and Azerbaijani mugham.
After returning from Arabia, he was forced to recite the call to prayer at Govhar Agha Mosque in Shusha under pressure from mullahs.
This fort was an important fort in Kolhapur district as a watch over for the trade route from Pune to coastal ports.
John Roger of Bridport and Bryanston, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament for Bridport in 1395, 1410 and May 1413 and for Dorset in December 1421.
During the 2019-20 season at Queens University of Charlotte, Aspden broke two American Paralympic Short Course Meters Swimming records in both the 100-Meter Backstroke and the 100-Meter Freestyle.
She learned to swim at the age of four because she wanted to enter the deep end of the pool at the local YMCA.
Two years later, Aspden was named to the US Emerging Team roster and became the youngest member on Team USAs National roster at the age of 13.
Aspen qualified for Team USAs roster, where she would competed in the S9/SB8/SM9 classifications, in 2014 by a margin of .01 seconds.
As a result, she made her national team debut at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships and swam a time of 30.47.
Aspen made her Paralympic debut at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, where she became the youngest swimmer on Team USA to medal at either the Olympics or Paralympics in 2016.
The following year, she was named to Team USAs 2017 World Championships Team, and committed to attend Queens University of Charlotte.
The following year, Aspen earned a gold medal at the S9 women’s 100 back sweep and 400 freestyle at the 2019 Parapan American Games.
During the school year, Aspen competed in six swim meets and broke two American Paralympic Short Course Meters Swimming records for the 100-Meter Backstroke and 100-Meter Freestyle.
With a handling capacity of 9 million tonnes of bulk cargo and 2,6 million tonnes of containerized cargo it is the second largest free zone of Turkey.
In 1881, he returned to Berlin to study with Ernst Curtius and presented his thesis on the theme of Theoxenia (offering hospitality to a God in disguise), which earned him his PhD.
He was also involved in an effort to establish a collaboration between local industries and artists or craftsmen ; such as Peter Behrens, Henry van de Velde, Otto Eckmann and Joseph Maria Olbrich.
Later, he became one of the founders of the Deutscher Werkbund and campaigned for the establishment of a Kunstgewerbeschule in Krefeld.
In 1980, Laybourne was hired as a program manager at Nickelodeon, a year-old network, where she initiated the focus-group approach to programming.
She spent 15 years at Nickelodeon, taking over the management of the network, and started accepting advertising for the network, in 1984.
Under her leadership, Nickelodeon became the top-rated 24-hour cable programming service and won Emmy Awards, Peabody Awards, CableACE Awards and Parents' Choice Awards.
Her programming approach, which made a point of talking to children as equals, built the tiny cable network, which had only five employees in 1980, into an $8 billion business.
She moved up through the programming department and became the channel's general manager in 1996, overseeing programming, scheduling, acquisitions, marketing, and day-to-day management of the network.
In 2004, the position of president of Nickelodeon Television was created for Zarghami, where she oversaw production and development for the network, along with marketing, programming and creativity.
After the resignation of Herb Scannell on January 5, 2006, Zarghami became president of the newly formed Kids & Family Group, which included Nickelodeon, Nick@Nite, Nick Jr., TeenNick, Nicktoons, TV Land, CMT, and CMT Pure Country.
On October 1, 2018, Brian Robbins left his position as the president of Paramount Players after Viacom tapped him to be the president of Nickelodeon, ending his 16–month run at the studio.
Sanamahi Ahong Khong Chingba or Kang Chingba is the religious festival of Manipuri people, associated mainly with the public procession with the grand chariot, housing the Meitei deities Lord Lainingthou Sanamahi and Leimarel Sidabi.
The festival was celebrated three hundred fifty years ago, and after a long pause, it was first celebrated in the year 2018.
During the festival, thousands of devotees offer rice, fruits, vegetables, money, along with the traditional rites and rituals to seek blessings from the deities.
The impulse vector can be applied for both undamped and underdamped systems, and for both positive and negative impulses in a unified way.
A vector concept for an input shaper was first introduced by W. Singhose for undamped systems with positive impulses, and an impulse vector was first introduced by C.-G. Kang to generalize Singhose idea to underdamped systems with positive and negative impulses.
where formula_11 implies the magnitude of an impulse function, formula_12 implies the time location of the impulse function, and formula_13 implies damped natural frequency formula_14.
For a positive impulse function with formula_15, the initial point of the impulse vector is located at the origin of the polar coordinate system, while for a negative impulse function with formula_16, the terminal point of the impulse vector is located at the origin.
In this definition, the magnitude formula_4 is the product of formula_11 and a scaling factor for damping during time interval formula_12, which represents the magnitude formula_11 before being damped; the angle formula_5 is the product of the impulse time and damped natural frequency.
Note that an impulse function is a purely mathematical quantity, while the impulse vector includes a physical quantity (that is, formula_2 and formula_3 of a second-order system) as well as a mathematical impulse function.
Consider two impulse vectors formula_26 and formula_27 in the figure on the right-hand side, in which formula_26 is an impulse vector with magnitude formula_29 and angle formula_30 corresponding to a positive impulse with formula_31, and formula_27 is an impulse vector with magnitude formula_33 and angle formula_34 corresponding to a negative impulse with formula_35.
Since the two time-responses corresponding to formula_26 and formula_27 are exactly same after the final impulse time formula_38 as shown in the figure, the two impulse vectors formula_26 and formula_27 can be regarded as the same vector for vector addition and subtraction.
The magnitude of the impulse vector determines the magnitude of the impulse, and the angle of the impulse vector determines the time location of the impulse.
The impulse response of a second-order system corresponding to the resultant of two impulse vectors is same as the time response of the system with a two-impulse input corresponding to two impulse vectors after the final impulse time regardless of whether the system is undamped or underdamped.
If the resultant of impulse vectors is zero, the time response of a second-order system for the input of the impulse sequence corresponding to the impulse vectors becomes zero also after the final impulse time regardless of whether the system is undamped or underdamped.
For given impulse vectors formula_26 and formula_27 as shown in the figure, the resultant can be represented in two ways, formula_50 and formula_51, in which formula_50 corresponds to a negative impulse with formula_53 and formula_54, and formula_51 corresponds to a positive impulse with formula_56 and formula_57.
The impulse responses formula_64 and formula_65 corresponding to formula_50 and formula_51 are exactly same with formula_68 after each impulse time location as shown in the figure.
Now, place an impulse vector formula_69 on the impulse vector diagram to cancel the resultant formula_70 as shown in the figure.
When the impulse sequence corresponding to three impulse vectors formula_73 and formula_69 is applied to a second-order system as an input, the resulting time response causes no residual vibration after the final impulse time formula_75.
Of course, another canceling vector formula_76 can exist, which is the impulse vector with the same magnitude as formula_69 but with an opposite arrow direction.
However, this canceling vector has a longer impulse time that can be as much as a half period compared to formula_69.
Using impulse vectors, we can redesign known input shapers such as zero vibration (ZV), zero vibration and derivative (ZVD), and ZVD shapers.
The ZV shaper is composed of two impulse vectors, in which the first impulse vector is located at 0°, and the second impulse vector with the same magnitude is located at 180° for formula_79.
The ZVD shaper is composed of three impulse vectors, in which the first impulse vector is located at 0 rad, the second vector at formula_89 rad, and the third vector at formula_41 rad, and the magnitude ratio is formula_91.
The ZVD shaper is composed of four impulse vectors, in which the first impulse vector is located at 0 rad, the second vector at formula_89 rad, the third vector at formula_41 rad, and the fourth vector at formula_103 rad, and the magnitude ratio is formula_104.
Similarly, the ZVD shaper with five impulse vectors can be obtained, in which the first vector is located at 0 rad, the second vector at formula_89 rad, third vector at formula_41 rad, the fourth vector at formula_103 rad, and the fifth vector at formula_117 rad, and the magnitude ratio is formula_118.
The NMe shaper has faster rise time than the ZVD shaper, but it is more sensitive to modeling error than the ZVD shaper.
She is popularly referred to as the queen of the Zulu comedy and she is known for being the first local female comic to record a one woman show DVD.
She has performed in top Comedy Shows including Blacks Only comedy showcase 2010 and 2012, SA Comic’s Choice Awards 2012 and the first Stand Up Zulu comedy show at the Durban Playhouse, in 2011.
85.53% of those are part of the IMF’s Holdings of Currency or in other words 747.13 SDR millions while the remaining 16.47% is the Reserve Tranche Position or 147.35 SDR millions.
Nonetheless, the only specific IMF programmes that have ever been put in place in Morocco are the annual Article IV consultations.
The main goals of the IMF’s engagement with Morocco are centered around increasing economic growth through improving economic governance by among other things making budget processes more transparent and strengthening fiscal institutions.
More specifically, the issues that the IMF is concerned with in regards to the moroccan economy are excessively high unemployment rates in the population, issues stemming from political conflicts in the region and risks linked to fragility of the euro in light of the strong dependency of the dirham on the euro.
The conditions of the agreement involve several reforms in various sectors including fiscal and monetary policy that authorities are obliged to implement.
A similar agreement had previously been approved between the IMF and Morocco in August 2012 for a value of 6.2$ billion.
Macroeconomic vulnerabilities have gone down, inflation and public debt is declining while government revenues, FDI and exports in two of the main export sectors of the moroccan economy, phosphate and automobile , have risen.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1984 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
The 2020 Thailand Masters (officially known as the Princess Sirivannavari Thailand Masters 2020 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Indoor Stadium Huamark in Thailand from 21 to 26 January 2020 and had a total purse of $170,000.
The 2020 Thailand Masters was the third tournament of the 2020 BWF World Tour and also part of the Thailand Masters championships which had been held since 2016.
Below is the point distribution for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF World Tour Super 300 event.
Edwin B. DuPar was an American cinematographer, special effects technician, and film director who worked on hundreds of projects during his lengthy career in Hollywood, beginning in the early 1920s.
At the dawn of the sound era, he was the chief Vitaphone cameraman in Hollywood, and he was the person who is credited with devising the means for synchronizing action and sound.
The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education, health and justice, while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Millhall forms part of the county constituency of East Renfrewshire, electing one member of parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Millhall forms part of the Eastwood constituency, which is represented in the Scottish Government by Jackson Carlaw MSP, of the Conservative party.
Millhall is a part of postcode district G76, which also includes neighbouring settlements Clarkston, Busby, Carmunnock, Eaglesham and Waterfoot, and small parts of East Kilbride.
The nearest motorway is the M77, of which Junction 4 at Newton Mearns and Junction 5, also at Newton Mearns are the main junctions for Millhall.
The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service and has a fire station based in nearby Clarkston.
Baruva railway station is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah-Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone.
In between 1893 and 1896, the coastal railway track from Cuttack to Vijayawada was built and opened to traffic by East Coast State Railway.
Administratively most of the territory of the uplands is part of Irkutsk Oblast, with a smaller section in northern Transbaikal Krai.
In 1912 there was a massacre of striking workers of the Lena Goldfields, located in the Patom Highlands between the Lena and Vitim rivers.
To the north the valley of the Lena separates the highlands from the Lena Plateau and to the southwest the Vitim River, a right tributary of the Lena, separates it from the Stanovoy and North Baikal Highlands.
To the east the valley of the Chara River, a left tributary of the Olyokma River of the Lena basin, separates the highland area from the Olyokma-Chara Plateau.
Many rivers have their sources in the highlands, including some right tributaries of the Vitim, left tributaries of the Chara, such as the Zhuya and Malba, and right tributaries of Lena, such as the Big Patom and Little Patom Rivers.
The highest point is a high unnamed summit located at in the southeastern end, southeast of Lake Nichatka in the Transbaikal Krai zone.
There are taiga forests of conifers, mostly larch, in the slopes of the mountains up to to , often mixed with Siberian pine.
One branch, known as the Wumeng settled along the western slope of the Wumeng Mountain range, extending their control as far west as modern day Zhaotong.
The other branch, known as the Chele, moved along the eastern slope of the Wumeng Mountain range and settled to the north of the Chishui River.
The Bole branch settled in Anshun, the Wusa branch settled in Weining, the Azouchi branch settled in Zhanyi, and the Gukuge branch settled in northeast Yunnan.
In the 3rd century AD, Wuana's branch split into the Mangbu branch in Zhenxiong, led by Tuomangbu, and Luodian (羅甸) in Luogen, led by Tuoazhe.
Agengawei agreed to become a vassal of the Tang dynasty but did not present tribute or pay taxes to the Tang.
In 846, the Tang recognized the Awangren as leaders of the Yushi kingdom and the Bole as the leaders of the Luodian kingdom (羅甸國).
By the middle of the 9th century, the Mu'ege under the rule of Nazhiduse had expanded south to around modern Guiyang.
Song Jingyang and Long Hantang were authorized to drive the Mu'ege across the Yachi River, which after a year of fighting, they succeeded in doing.
In 1279, Acha of Mu'ege surrendered to the Yuan dynasty, but Wusuonu of the Wumeng clan sabotaged the negotiations, and told the Mongols that Acha would never surrender.
Although the Mongol occupation was brief and direct administration returned to native rulers, the Yuan administration had a profound impact on Mu'ege's government over the course of the next century.
During the Ming conquest of Yunnan, Ma Hua (馬曄) was put in charge of Guiyang, around which he built a wall using conscripted laborers from Mu'ege.
He brought the regent mother She Xiang before the people of Guiyang, stripped her naked, and whipped her to near death.
Instead of attacking Ma Hua, who had laid a trap, Mu'ege sent a messenger reporting his behavior to the Hongwu Emperor.
An investigation was carried out which led to a rebuke to Ma Hua and She Xiang's investment as Lady of Virtue and Obedience.
By the 1560s, the Yi people in the region had learned Chinese agricultural techniques and were thoroughly integrated in the Chinese trade network.
Initially, the official residences of Shuixi and Shuidong rulers were in Guizhou (present day Guiyang), Shuixi rulers were not allowed to go back to his chiefdom freely.
Mu'ege chief An Kun (安坤) was executed by Wu Sangui, his chiefdom was annexed by Qing China in the same year.
In 1683, An Shengzu was appointed the chief of Mu'ege by Qing court, though he had no authority in his chiefdom.
The 2020 Colorado Rapids season is the club's twenty-fifth season of existence and their twenty-fifth consecutive season in Major League Soccer (MLS), the top flight of American soccer.
Conor Casey served as interim head coach until the hiring of Robin Fraser as the club's new head coach on August 25.
Outside of MLS play, the Rapids played in the 2019 edition of the U.S. Open Cup, where they lost in the fourth round to New Mexico United.
Travancore Royals FC was launched on 29 November 2018 by Mr. Kadakampally Surendren Minister for Co- Operation, Tourism and Devaswom in Government of Kerala.
Published by Activision, the series has seen releases on the Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Windows, OS X, GNU/Linux, Wii, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Android, iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch.
Geometry Wars was released in the form of an easter egg minigame in the 2003 racing game Project Gotham Racing 2 on the original Xbox.
The game was accessed from within Project Gotham Racing 2 by interacting with an arcade cabinet present in the player's virtual garage.
Geometry Wars: Galaxies was developed by Bizarre Creations and Kuju Entertainment, and published by Vivendi Games for the Wii and Nintendo DS in November 2007.
The game was released on November 25, 2014 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, GNU/Linux, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4, on November 26, 2014 for Xbox 360 and Xbox One and in the middle of 2015 for iOS and Android.
On August 22, 2001, Samples was promoted to Executive Vice President and General Manager of Cartoon Network Worldwide, replacing founder and original president Betty Cohen.
On March 6, 2014, Stuart Snyder was removed as president and COO of Turner's Animation, Young Adults & Kids Media division after a restructure.
On July 16, Christina Miller was named his successor as president and general manager of Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, and Boomerang.
At the end of the month, Cartoon Network's 8 pm ET/PT primetime hour was given to its night time block Adult Swim, causing new episodes of the network's programming to change timeslots.
On October 21, 2014, Cartoon Network, along with CNN and Boomerang, were taken off-air from US-based TV provider, Dish Network, due to contract disagreements.
On March 6, 2014, Stuart Snyder was removed as president and COO of Turner's Animation, Young Adults & Kids Media division after a restructure.
On July 16, Christina Miller was named his successor as president and general manager of Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, and Boomerang.
At the end of the month, Cartoon Network's 8 pm ET/PT primetime hour was given to its night time block Adult Swim, causing new episodes of the network's programming to change timeslots.
On October 21, 2014, Cartoon Network, along with CNN and Boomerang, were taken off-air from US-based TV provider, Dish Network, due to contract disagreements.
In January 2020, Ouweleen became the interim President of Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, and Boomerang due to the departure of Christina Miller.
Amal Amjahid (, born 28 October 1995) is a Belgian ground grappler who represents her home country Belgium in Sport Jujitsu (JJIF), discipline Ne-waza and different professional teams (fighting clubs) in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (IBJJF, UAEJJF).
She is practising ground variant of ju-jitsu – Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu at CENS Academy under supervision of her personal coach and stepfather Khalid Houry.
She is winner of World Games in Wrocław from 2017 and five times individual world champion (JJIF) – 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 in discipline Ne-waza (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu).
She is also participate at pro level tournaments which many times use title World (European) Championships but are regulated by private profite sport bodies – IBJJF or UAEJJF.
As black belt she is winner of European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship in 2019 as member of pro team Pat Academy BJJ.
She has developed her professional career in the United Kingdom where she has written a number of books as well as writing and presenting a television series.
Sevilla began very early in the world of gastronomy, moving to London where she has spent most of her professional life.
In the year of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, ICEX together with the BBC in London created a series of six episodes to introduce the English public to Spanish regional cuisine.
In addition to her activity in the United Kingdom, she has participated in activities and presentations in the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan.
María José Sevilla is a member of the British Guild of Food Writers, and is a member of the Grand Order of Wine Knights (the highest recognition of experts in the field).
Professor Yakubu Aboki Ochefu, son to late Colonel Anthony Ochefu, is the Secretary to the Committee of Vice Chancellors of Nigerian Universities.
He is a Professor of African Economic History and was the speaker at the Historical Society of Nigeria conference held at the Benue State University in October 2017.
He is a former Vice Chancellor of Kwararafa University, Taraba State, Nigeria and also the president of the University of Calabar Alumni Association.
His professional career started in Chase Econometrics and in the Bank of Italy’s Study Department, before working as a Bond & Swap Trader for Citibank.
From 1988 to 1994 he held the positions of Bond Fund Manager and Head of Strategy for Finanza e Futuro Fondi Sprind.
In 1994 Alberto Foà founded the independent asset management operator Anima SGR, holding the positions of CEO and Head of Investments.
The 2019 South Africa Sevens is the second tournament within the 2019–20 World Rugby Sevens Series and the 21st South Africa Sevens tournament.
Fiji, the United States and South Africa – three of the top four teams from the 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series – were all drawn into Pool A.
The top two teams from each pool advanced to the Cup brackets where teams competed for the Gold, Silver, and Bronze medals.
He has been Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force since October 2018, and formerly served as Commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps.
He served in the People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps for a long time, where he was promoted to become its Commander in March 2017.
The Swedish gymnastics pioneer Pehr Henrik Ling (1776–1839) devised a system of gymnastics which, according to yoga scholar Mark Singleton, shaped the development of modern yoga as exercise in the Western world.
Goswami founded Stockholm's Goswami Yoga Institute the same year: it was the first yoga school in Europe, and Goswami taught there for the rest of his life.
In 1946, the Austrian Walther Eidlitz (1892-1976), known as Vāmana Dāsa, moved to Sweden and taught Bhakti Yoga there for the rest of his life.
In the early 1960s Bert Yoga Jonson (also called Bert Yogson) opened his yoga studio in Malmö, also teaching in Gothenburg and writing 15 books on yoga.
One of the pioneers of Paddleboard Yoga, she lives and teaches yoga in the island of Aruba in the Caribbean Sea.
In 2017, yoga was Sweden's 8th most popular fitness method, and was the primary fitness activity for 12% of its women and 2% of its men.
From 2012 there has been an ongoing debate in Sweden about whether yoga may be taught in schools, as religious instruction is forbidden in the state schooling system.
The scholar Erik af Edholm noted that since Ling's gymnastics had influenced modern yoga, the yoga now practised in Sweden was a secularised and reimported form of gymnastics.
Fleet Street (also known as Cheese for its distinctive album artwork), released in 2004, is the eleventh studio album by the collegiate comedy a cappella group the Stanford Fleet Street Singers.
As a cappella proliferated on college campuses across the United States in the 1990s, the genre found favor with audiences by reinterpreting familiar songs.
In 2006, the Contemporary A Cappella Society added a new category for best original song to its recorded a cappella awards.
After the album's release, members spoke more often of the group's original music than of the their humor, which had previously dominated the group's identity.
When she was four her parents, relocating against the overwhelming east-west tide of central European migration during the 1950s, took her to live in East Berlin.
She later discovered that the sudden move was triggered not - at least not directly - by political conviction, but by an instruction her father had received from the Communist Party: alongside his other work, her father was working for the party.
(1923 – 2009), her father, was a Jewish journalist originally from Berlin who had escaped Nazi Germany and spent the war years as a Résistance fighter in France.
Her mother, born Nora Lubinski (1922 – 2010), was the daughter of (1893 – 1943), another left-wing journalist and a resistance activist: he stayed in Germany and died at Auschwitz.
1966 was also the year in which she passed her Abitur (school final exams), opening the way to a university-level education.
While working at the centre, in 2004 she published a biography of the linguist and folklorist Wolfgang Steinitz (1905 – 1967).
In 2006 Leo became a research associate at the Historical Institute of the , where for some years she also held a teaching chair.
In 2008 Annette Leo received the for a piece of work she produced on daily life in the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp at Fürstenberg during the Hitler years.
In 2012 her biography of Erwin Strittmatter (1912 – 1994) triggered a widespread debate on the author's historical role as one of the most popular novelists in the German Democratic Republic.
In 1944 Willy Blum, then aged 16, was taken with his 10 year old brother Rudolf from the Buchenwald concentration camp to the Auschwitz concentration camp where both boys were murdered.
They were part of a batch of 200 children and young people sent on the death train from Buchenwald to Auschwitz.
Originally the two hundredth on the list was to have been the three year old toddler Stefan Jerzy Zweig but at some stage someone had crossed out Zweig's name and substituted that of the Sinto child.
Lena Lowis was the daughter of Sir Richmond Campbell Shakespear (1812–1861), an Indian-born British Indian Army officer, who had married Marian Sophia Thompson at Agra, India on 5 March 1844.
Gray Day: My Undercover Mission to Expose America's First Cyber Spy is a 2019 non-fiction book by Eric O'Neill, published by Crown Books, about his mission to collect evidence against Robert Hanssen, an employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) who spied for Russia.
Ira Ellis McMillian (3 August 1908 – 22 April 1987), was a decorated commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.. McMillian was the Gunnery Officer on the USS Hull (DD-350) when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.
Captain McMillian was the president of the court-martial of Disbursing Clerk Seaman Jimmie L. Henderson, the last sailor to be sentenced to death for murder.
Admiral McMillian had proposed to Richard Nixon in August 1970 that he could possibly bring the Vietnam War to an end though his personal contact with Lê Duẩn.
He has been Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force since June 2019, and formerly served as Commander of the 81st Group Army.
In March 2017 he was appointed Commander of the 81st Group Army, and held that office until June 2019, when he was promoted to become Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force.
Stanley Cook Norton (19 November 1894 – 04 April 1978), was a decorated commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
The diet attempts to reduce the build up of micronutrients in the blood in order to prevent, arrhythmias, bone disorders, fluid overload, vascular calcification and hypertension.
Foods such as potatoes, orange juice, tomatoes, bananas, dairy products and processed meats should be avoided.Further more foods such as orange/ orange juice and avocados also contains a good dose of potassium therefore it’s recommended to be limited and/or avoided.
The 2000–01 B Group was the 46th season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.
A total of 18 teams contested the league, but three of them stopped participating during the season due to financial reasons.
The Outram Community Hospital was first announced by Minister for Health Mr Gan Kim Yong as part of the Healthcare 2020 plan during the Committee of Supply (COS) speech in 2012, which aims to increase the number of hospital beds by 3,700 around Singapore by 2020, of which 1,800 will be Community Hospital beds.
The hospital opened its doors on 7 December 2019, with the rest of the hospital opening fully over the next three years.
The 1908 season for Auckland consisted of four representative matches played in an effort to grow the game in Auckland and New Zealand.
The team was chosen prior to the formation of the Auckland Rugby League so in some respects were an ‘unofficial’ Auckland team though they were very strong nonetheless and many of the players went on to represent Auckland and New Zealand in the ensuing years.
Several of the players were also strongly involved in the establishment of club sides and the growth of the game in Auckland for many years to come such as Albert Asher, Charles Dunning, William Wynyard, and Ronald MacDonald.
Prior to the last match of the season against Taranaki at Victoria Park the promoters of the proposed Auckland League stated clearly their intentions.
It will be the policy of the league to provide players with uniforms, free brake trips to grounds, and payment for loss of wages when away from Auckland on tour”.
The money they had gained from Wellington’s visit in August had been lost while on tour due to travel costs and other expenditure.
This match was originally supposed to be played on the recreation ground but after pressure from the rugby union it was moved to the Tukapa Cricket Field adjacent to Western Park.
Taranaki won the match by 5 points to 3 and it was suggested that Auckland had deliberately thrown the match to stir up interest in the return match.
He is currently a hospital doctor and professor at the Collège de France, holder of the chair of cellular and molecular oncology (2014), member of the French Academy of sciences since 2011.
His work, at the interface between biology and medicine, has radically transformed the management of a rare form of leukaemia, which has become the paradigm for targeted cancer treatments.
After a period in preparatory classes, he studied medicine and biological sciences in parallel, first in Lyon, then at the Necker Hospital in Paris.
Received at the Paris Hospital Boarding School in 1984, he chose the medical research internship he did in Pierre Tiollais' laboratory at the Pasteur Institute.
His thesis and post-doctoral work in this laboratory will enable him to make significant contributions to the understanding of retinoic acid signalling, in particular with the cloning of RARB and the identification of the first element of response to this hormone.
Together with Laurent Degos and Anne Dejean, he then explores the basis of the clinical response of acute promyelocytic leukaemias to retinoic acid, which will lead him to identify the reworking of the RARA gene in this disease and describe the PML/RARA fusion.
Recruited as a researcher at Inserm in 1991, he devoted the rest of his career to understanding the leukemogenic function of this oncoprotein.
After being recruited as a professor at the University of Paris 7 and hospital doctor, he was appointed head of a CNRS research unit, then CNRS/Inserm/University (molecular pathology) from 1995 to 2018.
His work, directly inspired by clinical observations and carried out in collaboration with French and Chinese teams, will lead to new insights into the roles of differentiation, gene expression control or nuclear organization in the pathogenesis of this disease.
In particular, he will seek to understand the molecular and cellular bases of PML/RARA targeting by retinoic acid and later by arsenic.
His team will demonstrate that retinoic acid and arsenic are targeted treatments that bind directly to PML/RARA and induce its degradation by the proteasome.
In vivo modelling of the disease allows him to discover that the combination of retinoic acid and arsenic is capable of eradicating the disease.
These models will find clinical application in treatments that can cure the vast majority of patients without the use of genotoxic chemotherapy.
In addition to their medical applications, its work has opened up new perspectives in very fundamental biological fields, such as nuclear organization or protein stability control.
It was founded in  2010; the artist collective brings out, the relationships of power and the political and social implications that exist in a plate of food through different artistic expressions such as performance, sculpture, painting and video.
The work of the collective Food of War has been exhibited in eight different countries, namely the United Kingdom, Ukraine, (Germany), Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Spain, and Colombia.
The collective has two directors: Hernan Barros , who has worked in cinema, television, and visual effects in the United Kingdom and Omar Castañeda, graduated from Central Saint Martins – University of the Arts London (UAL), who has vast experience in fine arts.
They are joined by three artists who have been involved in different projects according to the country where the collective exhibits their work.
Among them are Simone Mattar from São Paulo, Brazil, an artist, gastro performer, food designer, and architect; Quintina Valero,  a German, a photojournalist with studies in economy and a long career in journalism in Spain, currently rooted in London; and lastly, Zinaïda, a fine artist from Ukraine.
In each country, the artist collective worked closely with local artists to address the Chernobyl disaster and how this event changed the way Europeans eat.
The F4 Argentina Championship was originally slated to begin at Buenos Aires in July 2019 and conclude at the same circuit on December 1st in 2019 .
The start of the season was postponed to 2019 October 18-19, then to 2019 November 22-23 at Buenos Aires, before being abandoned for 2019.
Gregory Haddad (born March 21, 1966) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 54th district since 2011.
TDA Armements SAS was a French defence company, that made widely deployed air-to-ground rockets (sub-metric precision rocket), and now a division of Thales Group.
She was the first woman candidate for the presidency of an autonomous community, the presidency of La Rioja in the 1987 election.
She had served as the Government's Delegate in Cantabria from December 1982 to July 1984 and as Civil governor of Álava from July 1984 to April 1987, of the province of Cáceres from September 1988 to July 1993 and of the province of Badajoz as well as Government's Delegate in Extremadura from August 1993 to May 1996.
His senior commands include commanding officer of the Middle Army Division, head of the General Training and Management Directorate in the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters and as Deputy Supreme Commander.
He graduated from the Military Academy Karlberg in 1970 and was promoted the same year to lieutenant in Bohuslän Regiment, where he was promoted to captain in 1973 and served as a platoon leader.
Berndtson was educated at the Swedish Infantry Combat School in 1972 and he attended the Higher Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1978 to 1980.
He was promoted to major in 1981 and entered the General Staff Corps in 1983, and served as a teacher at the vid Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1984 to 1986.
Berndtson was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the General Staff Corps in 1986, and studied at the Military Academy of the German Armed Forces in Germany from 1986 to 1987, and served in the Dalarna Regiment from 1987 to 1989 and was head of the Planning Department in the Defence Staff from 1989 to 1991.
During the 1990s he also educated himself at the Swedish National Defence College: Higher Operational Management Course in 1993, Main Course in 1994 and the Senior Management Course in 1996.
In 1996, Berndtson was promoted to major general and from 1996 to 1998 he served as head of the Supreme Commander's coordination group for implementation of the Defence Act of 1996.
From 2001 to 2005, Berndtson served as Deputy Supreme Commander and head of the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters, after which he retired from the Swedish Armed Forces in 2005.
William Vincent O'Regan (25 Apr 1900 – 13 Jan 1978), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Vice Admiral in the United States Navy.
Jay Case (born October 10, 1970) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 63rd district since 2013.
Fresh water includes water in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and even underground water called groundwater.
Some organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of higher plants and most mammals need fresh water to live.
Fresh water habitats are classified as either lentic systems, which are the stillwaters including ponds, lakes, swamps and mires; lotic which are running-water systems; or groundwaters which flow in rocks and aquifers.
There is, in addition, a zone which bridges between groundwater and lotic systems, which is the hyporheic zone, which underlies many larger rivers and can contain substantially more water than is seen in the open channel.
Fresh water falling as mist, rain or snow contains materials dissolved from the atmosphere and material from the sea and land over which the rain bearing clouds have traveled.
In industrialized areas rain is typically acidic because of dissolved oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed from burning of fossil fuels in cars, factories, trains and aircraft and from the atmospheric emissions of industry.
In coastal areas fresh water may contain significant concentrations of salts derived from the sea if windy conditions have lifted drops of seawater into the rain-bearing clouds.
This can give rise to elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, magnesium and sulfate as well as many other compounds in smaller concentrations.
In desert areas, or areas with impoverished or dusty soils, rain-bearing winds can pick up sand and dust and this can be deposited elsewhere in precipitation and causing the freshwater flow to be measurably contaminated both by insoluble solids but also by the soluble components of those soils.
Significant quantities of iron may be transported in this way including the well-documented transfer of iron-rich rainfall falling in Brazil derived from sand-storms in the Sahara in north Africa.
Only 2.5–2.75% is fresh water, including 1.75–2% frozen in glaciers, ice and snow, 0.5–0.75% as fresh groundwater and soil moisture, and less than 0.01% of it as surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers.
Freshwater lakes contain about 87% of this fresh surface water, including 29% in the African Great Lakes, 22% in Lake Baikal in Russia, 21% in the North American Great Lakes, and 14% in other lakes.
In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface, fresh water derived from precipitation may, because of its lower density, overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers.
Some can use salt water but many organisms including the great majority of higher plants and most mammals must have access to fresh water to live.
Some terrestrial mammals, especially desert rodents, appear to survive without drinking, but they do generate water through the metabolism of cereal seeds, and they also have mechanisms to conserve water to the maximum degree.
This is problematic for some organisms with pervious skins or with gill membranes, whose cell membranes may burst if excess water is not excreted.
Although most aquatic organisms have a limited ability to regulate their osmotic balance and therefore can only live within a narrow range of salinity, diadromous fish have the ability to migrate between fresh water and saline water bodies.
Similarly the marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands excrete excess salt through a nasal gland and they sneeze out a very salty excretion.
The World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index noted an 83% decline in the populations of freshwater vertebrates between 1970 and 2014.
Fresh water can only be replenished through the process of the water cycle, in which water from seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers, and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation.
Locally, however, if more fresh water is consumed through human activities than is naturally restored, this may result in reduced fresh water availability from surface and underground sources and can cause serious damage to surrounding and associated environments.
The increase in the world population and the increase in per capita water use puts increasing strains on the finite resources availability of clean fresh water.
The World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality, water quantity or volume, and water timing.
Due to the accelerated pace of population growth and an increase in the amount of water a single person uses, it is expected that this situation will continue to get worse.
A shortage of water in the future would be detrimental to the human population as it would affect everything from sanitation, to overall health and the production of grain.
The use of water by humans for activities such as irrigation and industrial applications can have adverse impacts on down-stream ecosystems.
The largest petroleum spill that has ever occurred in fresh water was caused by a Royal Dutch Shell tank ship in Magdalena, Argentina, on 15 January 1999, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals.
Changes in landscape by the removal of trees and soils changes the flow of fresh water in the local environment and also affects the cycle of fresh water.
However, since agriculture is the human activity that consumes the most fresh water, this can put a severe strain on local freshwater resources resulting in the destruction of local ecosystems.
In Australia, over-abstraction of fresh water for intensive irrigation activities has caused 33% of the land area to be at risk of salination.
With regards to agriculture, the World Bank targets food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that will foster debate.
He has been Director of the Philosophy Department at École Normale Supérieur (ENS) Ulm since 2002 and is now Director Emeritus.
Disciple of Georges Canguilhem, agrégé de philosophie (1974), docteur ès lettres (1982) and director of research at the CNRS, he was a student at the École normale supérieure de la rue d'Ulm.
With a dual background in philosophy and life sciences, Claude Debru has devoted his work to the history and epistemology of life sciences and medicine.
Student of the philosopher Georges Canguilhem, trained in the conceptual history of philosophy and science through his postgraduate thesis on the theory of space, he turned to biochemistry and wrote his State thesis on the history of protein biochemistry, in contact with biophysicochemists Jeffries Wyman, John Edsall and René Wurmser.
In this work, which considers both the long historical duration and the strictly philosophical problems raised by the new biochemistry, as well as the most recent developments, he analyzed the evolution of new theoretical models of allosteric protein function from the perspective of structure-function relationships.
In contact with hematologists Jean Bernard, Marcel Bessis and Jacques-Louis Binet, Claude Debru also learned about the problems of cell morphology and pathophysiology of leukaemias, and participated in several projects at the Centre d'écologie cellulaire de la Salpêtrière.
From this body of experience in the biological and medical sciences, Claude Debru drew the substance from a new book of epistemology and history in order to analyse the process of research and discovery, analysing some of Claude Bernard's work in the light of artificial intelligence, questioning the resolution of the paradoxes that have given rise to neuroendocrinology, unclassifiable leukaemias or cell death.
Extending his investigation to new biotechnologies, Claude Debru reflected on their relationship to the notion of possibility and their biological justification.
Returning to neuroscience, its history and its relationship to philosophy, Claude Debru has undertaken several studies on the development of neuroscience in France after the Second World War and on the temporal aspects of brain function, from William James to recent developments, establishing a long-term collaboration with Pierre Buser.
Collaborations with the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina have resulted in several publications, on imagination and intuition in science, on the Enlightenment, on science and academia during the First World War.
ABC Cable Networks Group, Inc., d/b/a Disney Channels Worldwide, is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Television, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.
This subsidiary is headed by President/CCO Gary Marsh and is responsible for operating cable Disney Channels in the United States, such as Disney Channel, Disney XD, Disney Junior, plus Radio Disney, Disney Television Animation and It's a Laugh Productions.
Disney Channels Worldwide oversaw all Disney channels worldwide until the organization of the Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International segment on March 14, 2018 when the unit was split into two.
Wagner left CBS in 1982 when the Walt Disney Company approached him to become the first president of the Disney Channel.
The cable channel was a novel idea at the time, being the first cable station to be entirely dedicated to programming for children and the family.
Given a $100 million budget, Wagner put together a staff of programmers to create new shows for the channel in addition to drawing from Disney’s extensive collection of prior television programs and films.
Wagner left the Disney Channel after the station's first year of programming, after which he formed his own independent film and television production company, Boardwalk Entertainment.
Sweeney joined The Walt Disney Company in February 1996 as president of Disney Channel and executive vice president of Disney/ABC Cable Networks.
Continuing with the strategy that was begun by her predecessor John F. Cooke, The Disney Channel more than quintupled its subscriber base with its mix of original series and movies and acquired programming.
These include the ABC Television Network, which encompasses ABC Entertainment, ABC Kids, ABC Daytime, ABC Sports and ABC News; ABC Studios, which is the television production division of the Disney-ABC Television Group; and Disney ABC Cable Networks Group, comprising The Disney Channel Worldwide—which has grown to 24 wholly owned international channels—Toon Disney, SOAPnet, ABC Family and Jetix.
She oversees Walt Disney Television Animation, Buena Vista Worldwide Television and Walt Disney Television International, and has responsibility for managing Disney's equity interests in Lifetime Entertainment Services, and A&E Television Networks.
In 1996, Ross joined Disney Channel in programming and production as a senior vice president, becoming general manager and executive vice president in 1999.
In 2002 he became president of entertainment for Disney Channel, before being named president of Disney Channels Worldwide in 2004, where he oversaw the Disney Channel, Disney XD, Playhouse Disney, Disney Cinemagic, Hungama, GXT, Jetix, and Radio Disney brands.
In 1999, he was promoted to Executive Vice President and in 2001, Marsh assumed the role of Executive Vice President, Original Programming and Production, Disney Channel.
From 2005-09, he was President, Entertainment, Disney Channels Worldwide and in 2009 he assumed the role as Chief Creative Officer, Disney Channels Worldwide before being promoted to President and Chief Creative Officer, Disney Channels Worldwide in 2011.
Yamazaki competed at the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished 26th with a score of 2094 points.
She is a three-weight world champion, having held the WBO female bantamweight title since 2017 and previously in 2013; the WBO female super-flyweight title from 2014 to 2017; and the IBF female junior-featherweight title in 2018.
She comes from a fighting family where three of her five siblings are fellow boxers; Roxana, Gustavo and IBF light-flyweight champion, Evelyn.
Bermúdez made her professional debut on 26 March 2010, scoring a four-round split decision (SD) victory over Roxana Virginia Baron at the Estadio Pedro Estremador in Bariloche, Argentina.
She fought a further four times in 2010; a knockout (KO) win over Maria Terriaza in April; two consecutive majority draws (MD) against Betiana Patricia Vinas in July and October; and a four-round unanimous decision (UD) win over Graciela Ines De Luca in November.
She began 2011 with a unanimous decision win over Cristina del Valle Pacheco in February, followed by a ten-round unanimous decision loss to Edith Soledad Matthysse in April and a six-round majority decision (MD) win in a rematch with Matthysse in August.
A month later she made her first attempt at a world title by challenging reigning WBA light-flyweight champion Yesica Bopp on 24 September at the Polideportivo Posta del Retamo in Junín, Argentina.
Following a second-round technical knockout (TKO) win over Marta Soledad Juncos in January 2012, she faced Mayerlin Rivas on 31 March at Club Atlético Talleres in Villa Gonernador Gálvez, Argentina, with the vacant WBA interim bantamweight title on the line.
One judge scored the bout a draw at 95–95, while the other two scored it 95–94 and 96–94 in favour of Bermúdez.
Two months after winning the WBA interim bantamweight title, she moved down a weight class to fight Judith Rodriguez on 12 May at Club America in Buenos Aires, this time for the vacant WBA interim super-flyweight title.
She fought another two times in 2012; a successful defence of her interim super-flyweight title via second-round technical knockout against Olga Julio in August and a unanimous decision victory over Anahi Yolanda Salles in a six-round non-title bout in December.
She defended the title twice in 2013 – with unanimous decision victories over Romina Alcantara in February and Guadalupe Martinez Guzman in April – before moving up in weight to face Neisi Torres for the vacant WBO bantamweight title on 31 May, at the Gimnasio Pedro Estremador in Bariloche.
She moved back down to super-flyweight for her last fight of 2013; defeating Judith Rodriguez for a second time in September by unanimous decision in defence of her WBA interim title.
Her first fight of 2014 came on January 4, against Linda Laura Lecca for the vacant WBO super-flyweight title at Piso de los Deportes in Buenos Aires.
Following the loss to Bopp, Bermùdez moved back up to super-flyweight to successfully defend her WBO title against Vanesa Lorena Taborda in January 2015, winning by majority decision.
Her second and last fight of 2015 was against Tomomi Tanaka in November, fighting for the first time outside of Argentina at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
She scored three unanimous decision victories in 2016; against Paola Pamela Benavidez in an eight-round non-title bout in May; a WBO super-flyweight defence against Marisa Joana Portillo in June; and a ten-round non-title bout against Mariana Juarez in August which served as a final eliminator for the WBC bantamweight title.
She next faced Paola Pamela Benavidez in a rematch in June 2017 – fighting to a split decision draw to retain her WBO super-flyweight title – before moving up in weight to face Soledad del Valle Frias for the vacant WBO bantamweight title on 20 October 2017.
Six months later, Bermúdez moved up in weight yet again, challenging reigning IBF junior-featherweight champion Marcela Acuña on 13 April 2018 at the Microestadio Municipal in Buenos Aires.
She fought once more in 2018, moving back down to bantamweight to successfully defend her WBO title with a fourth-round corner retirement (RTD) win over Yolis Marrugo Franco.
Bermúdez defended the title twice more in 2019; a unanimous decision win over Irma Garcia in March and an eighth-round corner retirement win against Valeria Perez in July.
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
In the parish is Caverswall Castle, a country house on the site of an earlier castle; this is listed together with associated structures.
Hal Wellman Vincent (24 September 1927 – 28 April 2015) was a naval aviator in the United States Marine Corps who retired at the rank of major general.
He flew more than 10,000 hours in over 165 different aircraft and was the first Marine Aviator to fly Mach 2.0.
That summer he joined the United States Navy's V-5 Naval Aviation Cadet Program and during the next year studied at both Colgate University and Western Michigan College.
He was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps in June 1950 upon his graduation from the Naval Academy.
His first assignment with the Fleet Marine Force was as a rifle and machine gun platoon commander with the 2nd Battalion, 8th Marines, 2nd Marine Division at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.
After additional training at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas and Naval Air Station Kingsville, Texas he was designated a Naval Aviator 8 April 1953.
He flew F9F Panthers with VMF-115 and served as assistant operations officer of Marine Aircraft Group 13 (MAG-13) from November 1953 until December 1954.
In 1958, he received air instruction at the Navy Fleet Air Gunnery Unit, at Naval Air Facility El Centro, California, then served for two years with the 3d Marine Aircraft Wing, at MCAS El Toro, California, as Assistance Operations Officer with VMFA-334 and VMFA-451 while flying the Vought F-8 Crusader.
From April 1960 until April 1962, he was assigned to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, California, as the Conventional Weapons Project Officer and test pilot with Air Development Squadron 5 (VX-5).
In this role he was responsible for the development of tactics and delivery methods for both nuclear weapons and conventional munitions.
During this tour he also took part in their Western Pacific deployment to Naval Air Station Atsugi, Japan from April to November 1964.
During the tour he was awarded a Certificate of Equivalency for completion of the Marine Corps Command and Staff College, and promoted to lieutenant colonel.
From 7 August 1967 through 14 June 1968, he served as the Commanding Officer of VMFA-312, at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina.
Following his graduation from ICAF, his next assignment was in Vietnam with the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing as Executive Officer of Marine Aircraft Group 13, based at the Chu Lai Air Base.
He was promoted to colonel in August 1970, and the following month was transferred to Marine Corps Base Hawaii, where he served as Officer-in-Charge of the Aviation Maintenance/Management Branch, G-4 (Logistics) Section, Headquarters, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific.
From June 1972 through May 1973, he served as Commanding Officer of Marine Combat Crew Readiness Training Group 10 at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Arizona.
He was advanced to brigadier general on February 27, 1976, and assigned duties as Deputy Chief of Staff, Plans and Policy, Joint Exercises, Commander in Chief, Atlantic, at Norfolk, Va., in June 1976.
On 20 February 1987, a man attempted to plant a bomb inside the 1968 Dodge Dart that Vincent was driving outside of a Laguna Hills, California office building.
The man, who had been involved in a lawsuit with Vincent over land in Oregon, was killed when the device prematurely exploded.
He was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Early Pioneer Naval Aviators, and the Marine Corps Aviation Association.
Before the A2 motorway was constructed, it had served as the main connection between Warsaw, Poznań and the Polish-German border as national road 2.
Kwaak Taanba or Kwaak Jatra or Loidam Kumsaba or Crow freeing festival is an indigenous festival of Manipur, in which the King of Manipur sets free of a crow, from his custody.
The festival accompanies several rites and rituals, along with various divine dance and music performances held at the Sana Konung, the Royal Palace of Manipur at Imphal.
Earlier, the festival was known as Loidam Kumsaba and instead of crow, the pheasant bird (locally called Nonggoubi) was used for the festival.
According to the Chinese annals, he would reign over a prosperous kingdom influenced by Shaivism, but at the same time other religions are equally well represented in his kingdom.
The first concerns the demand 484 for military aid to the emperor Wudi against the Kingdom of Champā, guilty of boarding and looting the merchant ships of the country.
Even if the request will be rejected, the copy preserved by the Chinese archives shows a perfect knowledge of the Buddhist canon that only a thorough study can allow .
Bagg is a regular on Jimmy Kimmel's Comedy Club show in December 2019 and is scheduled on it through spring 2020.
José Constantino Nalda García (born 5 August 1939) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) who served as President of the Junta of Castile and León from November 1986 to July 1987.
Ian Crawford Eddy (10 Jun 1906 – 30 Dec 1976), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
He has been Secretary of People's Liberation Army Ground Force Commission for Discipline Inspection since April 2019, and formerly served as Political Commissar of the 79th Group Army.
In April 2011, he was appointed Director of Political Department of the 14th Group Army, a position he held until March 2015, when he was appointed Deputy Director of Political Department of the Chengdu Military Region.
He became Political Commissar of the 14th Group Army in September 2015, and served until March 2017, when he was appointed Political Commissar of the 79th Group Army.
In April 2019, he rose to become Secretary of People's Liberation Army Ground Force Commission for Discipline Inspection, replacing Wu Gang.
Chris Worning FRAeS (born 9 August 1957) is a Danish test pilot, and a former chief test pilot of DASA in the late 1990s.
In October 1981 he attended the Royal Danish Air Force Academy, returning to Skrydstrup Air Base in June 1984 to fly the F-16, flying with the 722th All Weather Fighter Attack Squadron.
In 1987 he attended the Empire Test Pilots' School in Wiltshire in the UK, later becoming the F-16 project pilot for the RDAF from 1988 to 1991.
Demetrio Madrid López (born 1 August 1936) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) who served as President of the Junta of Castile and León from May 1983 to November 1986.
This List of leading goalscorers for the Tunisia national football team contains football players who have played for the Tunisia national team and is listed according to their number of goals scored.
Born in Vienna, Matiasek studied directing and acting at the Max-Reinhardt-Seminar of the Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien as well as theatre studies, musicology, German studies and philosophy at the University of Vienna and completed his studies in 1958. with the promotion to Dr.phil..
From 1962, he worked as a director at the Salzburger Landestheater and in 1960 under the direction of Oscar Fritz Schuh at the Städtische Bühnen Köln.
He became Intendant (managing director) of the Salzburger Landestheater from 1962, then the youngest person in German-speaking theatre to achieve such a position.
From 1964, Matiasek was general director of the Staatstheater Braunschweig, from 1978 he held the same position at the Wuppertaler Bühnen and from 1983 to 1996 he was director of the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz in Munich.
He was artistic director of the in Andechs from 1997 to 2006, and simultaneously president of the Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding.
Matiasek has directed as a guest director at several theatres in Germany and abroad, including the Hamburgische Staatsoper, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, the Theater am Kurfürstendamm and the in Berlin, the in Munich, the Münchner Kammerspiele, the Staatstheater Stuttgart, the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe, the Theater Bremen, the Burgtheater in Vienna, as well as at the Salzburg Festival and the Bregenzer Festspiele.
He was also involved in the Deutscher Bühnenverein, the German Center of the International Theatre Institute (ITI), is a member of the board of trustees of the Akademie Schloss Solitude and teaches as a lecturer at several universities and colleges.
For this book, published by Jonathan Cape, she won the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a once-in-a-lifetime book award judged by a panel of British children's writers, and she was a commended runner-up for the Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British writer.
Anne Fagot-Largeault, born on 22 September 1938 in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, is a French philosopher and psychiatrist, honorary professor at the Collège de France (chair of philosophy of biological and medical sciences) and psychiatrist at the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, member of the French Academy of sciences since 2002.
Former student of the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles (1957–1961) in the literary field, Anne Fagot-Largeault decided to pursue philosophy, obtaining a certificate in general and physical mathematics and an agrégation in philosophy in 1961.
Became a philosophy teacher at the girls' high school in Douai (Hauts-de-France) for four years, then at the Hélène Boucher high school in Paris for one year.
She was called by Professor Gilbert Simondon to become his assistant at the Sorbonne (1966–1967), she was also seconded to Stanford University (1967–1971) where she studied philosophy of science (Ph.D. Logic and philosophy of science, Stanford University, USA) in 1971.
She received her doctorate in medicine from the University of Paris 12-Val de Marne, her doctorate in psychiatry in 1978 and her doctorate in literature and human sciences from the University of Paris Ouest - Nanterre La Défense in 1986.
Anne Fagot-Largeault was a professor at the University of Paris 10 (Nanterre La Défense, 1987–1995) and an associate professor at Laval University (Québec, Canada, 1993–1995).
At the University of Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), she was Director of the IHPST (Institute of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology), and head of the DEA in History and Philosophy of Science.
Anne Fagot-Largeault was a professor at the Collège de France, holding the Chair of Philosophy of Biological and Medical Sciences from 2000 to 2009.
She was elected correspondent on May 3, 1999, and then member on November 12, 2002 at the French Academy of sciences of the Institut de France, section: Human Biology and Medical Sciences.
Since 1979 Anne Fagot-Largeault has been an attached doctor (1979–1984), then an attached specialist (1984–2003) at Henri Mondor Hospital in Créteil.
Anne Fagot-Largeault's work focuses on themes in the history and philosophy of life sciences, approached from a theoretical (epistemology, biological ontology) or practical (ethics) perspective.
His research on the logic of medical reasoning and the nature of causal explanations originated in relation to Stanford University's program in logic and philosophy of science, and was developed through fruitful contacts with clinical and epidemiological research.
Its moral reflection has been enriched and tested by the experience of various Data and Safety Monitoring Committees (overseeing clinical trials in AIDS or cancer patients) and by participation (1990–1998) in the work of the National Consultative Ethics Committee for Life and Health Sciences.
Anne Fagot-Largeault is a founding member of the International Network of Women Philosophers sponsored by UNESCO and created on the occasion of International Women's Rights Day on 8 March 2007.
Roger Casugay (born March 10, 1994), is a Filipino surfer who competed for the Philippines at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games.
His act during the longboard semifinals on December 6, 2019 was widely acclaimed when he saved Arip Nurhidayat, an Indonesian competitor from drowning risking a chance to win the longboard gold medal.
Due to his deed, he was named as the flag bearer of the Philippine delegation at the closing ceremony and is set to be conferred the Order of Lapu-Lapu.
Prior to his stint at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, he competed at the 2018 Philippine Surfing Championship Tour where he finished 3rd.
The 2020 season will be Molde's 13th consecutive year in Eliteserien, and their 44th season in the top flight of Norwegian football.
They will participate in Eliteserien, the Norwegian Cup and the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League where they will enter in the First qualifying round stage.
On 31 January, Molde announced that Etzaz Hussain had signed a new contract with the club, until the end of the 2022 season.
He has been Commander of the Eastern Theater Command Ground Force since December 2018, and formerly served as Commander of the 79th Group Army.
He was Deputy Commander of the Central Theater Command in 2016, and held that office until March 2017, when he was appointed Commander of the 79th Group Army.
From 1573 to 1578 he was in Constantinople as the first assistant and clergyman of the ambassador of the Holy Roman Empire - Baron David Ungnad von Sonnegg.
Upon his return, he became professor of theology (1586) and head of the Protestant district in Tübingen and wrote against Calvinists and Jesuits.
Today, the diary is a bibliographical rarity that has not been republished in German and has never been translated into English.
He was the Chief of Staff to the Governor of Kogi State before assuming the office of the Deputy Governor of Kogi State on the 21st of November 2019.
Edward, soon after he left Access Bank in 2011, ran for the Olamaboro LGA seat in the Kogi State House of Assembly as candidate of the All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP) for State House of Assembly.
He was also the State Coordinator, Project 3R (Rescue, Restore and Rebuild) for Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) for the Kogi State Governorship Election also in that year.
The party also won seven (7) out of the nine (9) federal constituency seats in the state and 2 out of the 3 senate seats.
Based on the recent ruling of the elections tribunals nullifying the only Senate seat lost by the APC, it does appear that Edward Onoja made a clean sweep of all 3 Senatorial seats in Kogi State.
Gour Govinda, the King of Sylhet, was angered for what he saw as sacrilege due to his Hindu beliefs and had the newborn, Gulzar Alam, killed as well as Burhanuddin's right hand cut off.
Govinda had a reputation of being intolerant of minority peoples following faiths such as Islam, Buddhism and certain sects of Hinduism.
Shortly after this incident, Qazi Nuruddin of Taraf celebrated his son's marriage ceremony of his son by slaughtering a cow for them to eat and was also punished by Taraf's feudal ruler, Achak Narayan.
After both men being punished, Burhanuddin and Nuruddin's brother, Helimuddin, travelled to lower Bengal where they addressed their issues with Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah.
The former police station in Commercial Street, London was redeveloped as a housing block in 1987 and named after him as Burhan Uddin House.
Hans Christian Christoffersen (9 October 1882 – 3 March 1966) was a Norwegian chess player, three-times Norwegian Chess Championship winner (1926, 1929, 1936).
He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) from 1966 to 1969 where he won the Silver Medal for the Poel Prize for Diction for 2 years (1966–1968).
He was elected in November 2002 as a full member of the French Academy of sciences and was a member of the National Consultative Ethics Committee from 2005 to 2009.
Alain Fischer has held the chair of experimental medicine at the Collège de France since May 15, 2014, the date of his inaugural lecture.
Alain Fischer's work has been focused for years on immunodeficiency acquired from birth (such as bubble babies) and curative approaches using gene therapies.
With Marina Cavazzana-Calvo and Salima Hacein-Bey, he obtained in 1999, the first clinical successes in the world of gene therapies for about ten bubble children, two of whom unfortunately developed leukaemias after a few months, one of whom had died.
The trial is restarted in 2004, according to a modified protocol using better retroviral vectors, and will be stopped again in 2005 due to new complications.
The MO's line consisted of the 19 km-long line from Martigny via Sembrancher to Orsières in the Val d’Entremont and the 6 km-long branch line from Sembrancher to Le Châble in the Val de Bagnes.
The branch line from Sembrancher to Le Châble was opened on 5 August 1953 and served the construction of the Mauvoisin power station.
To start operations, MO procured two BCFe 4/4 passenger railcars (1–2) and two CFe 4/4 luggage railcars (11–12) with folding seats for passenger services.
In 1983, a fourth, identical railcar was acquired from the Régional du Val-de-Travers (RVT) and classified in the rolling stock fleet as ABDe 4/4 9.
The NINA railcar RABe 527 511–513, which had already been procured by the successor company TMR, has been in use on the MO lines since 2002.
The hourly Saint-Bernard Express takes 26 minutes to get from Martigny to Le Châble, from where it is possible to take the Postauto or the cable car to the resort of Verbier.
The school was set up in 2013 as Singapore's third medical school, after the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and the Duke–NUS Medical School.
The main campus of Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine is located in Novena, situated next to the institution's partner hospital, Tan Tock Seng Hospital.
The 20-storey Clinical Sciences Building, which commenced construction in January 2015, was opened on 2 March 2017 and facilitates both classroom as well as clinical teaching of medicine.
The faculty's first building, the Experimental Medicine Building, opened in August 2015 and houses classrooms as well as several research labs.
Situated within the main Nanyang Technological University campus grounds, it allows students to interact with other faculties more frequently, before they move on to the clinical years of medical school.
The School uses the British undergraduate medical system, offering a full-time undergraduate programme leading to the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS).
The admissions criteria requires applicants to have completed the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) within a year prior to application, and sit through a rigorous set of Muitiple-Mini Interviews before they are selected.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. J. Philo Caldwell, wife of the chief estimator at JAJCC, and launched on 13 November 1944.
Qin Weijiang (; born December 1955) is a retired lieutenant general (zhongjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) who served as Commander of the Eastern Theater Command Ground Force between January 2016 and December 2018.
Qin was born in Hong'an County, Hubei in December 1955, to Qin Jiwei, a general and former Minister of National Defense, and Tang Xianmei.
After the resumption of college entrance examination, he was accepted to PLA Ground Force Engineering University, where he earned his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1982.
He obtained a master's degree of military science from PLA National Defence University in 2002 and a Doctor of Management degree from the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011, respectively.
Qin served in the 81st Group Army for a long time before serving as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Beijing Military Region in July 2005.
He rose to become Commander of the Eastern Theater Command Ground Force in January 2016, serving in the post until he retirement in December 2018.
He won his Cambridge Blue as an athlete for the Cambridge University competing against athletes from the University of Oxford for three years.
He served in that capacity until 1960 when he was appointed headmaster for the Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School (was later Axim Secondary but now Nsein Senior High School).
Willard Arthur Saunders (25 Oct 1904 – 02 Nov 1969), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Mert Yilmaz (born 8 March 1999) is a German-born, Turkish footballer who currently plays as a defender for Bayern Munich II.
M Yousuff Ali (1 December 1926 – 31 July 1999) was a Bangladeshi fisheries biologist, policy planner, administrator and advocate for protecting the open water fishery resources.
Robert Henry Rice (17 Sep 1903 – 20 May 1994), was an American submarine commander during World War II who was awarded the Navy Cross twice.
Okamoto was the first to prove that synthetic polymer conformations could be controllable, publishing work on asymmetric polymerization from 1979 onwards.
This led to the development by Okamoto and others of helical polymers for use in high performance liquid chromatography columns (HPLC), enabling easy separation of chiral drug molecules.
(1966), and Ph.D. (1969) degrees from Osaka University, and served as assistant professor and associate professor at the university from 1969 to 1990.
Awards for his work include the Award of Society of Polymer Science, Japan (1982), The Chemical Society of Japan Award for 1999, Chirality Medal (2001), Medal with Purple Ribbon (Japanese Government) (2002), Fujiwara Prize (2005), and the Japan Prize (2019).
In 1685, as a part of the re-organisation of Place des Victoires, King Louis XIV requested the houses of the road to be aligned to open persective on its bronze statue.
On Germinal 3rd, Year X (March 24th, 1802), a ministerial decision signed by Jean-Antoine Chaptal set the minimum width of the street at 10 m. The minimum width was extended to 12 m by a royal order dated May 2nd, 1837.
It is the longest flyover in Indonesia, and one of the longest flyovers in Southeast Asia (after the Metro Manila Skyway by 2020, after the completion of Stage 3).
It is built to ease traffic congestion within Greater Jakarta area as well as to reduce the burden on the existing Jakarta–Cikampek Toll road.
Leaves vary in size from 2 to 7 centimetres and are generally ovate to lanceolate with toothed margins, though they may occasionally be deeply lobed.
The fruit is a fleshy, roughly heart shaped berry, ranging in colour from deep purple-black through to red, pink and white.
Kees Cornelis Henricus de Boer (born 13 May 2000) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swansea City.
Many times he was the champion of the chess club of the city of Moss (the last time - in 1977).
Rico Theodorus Johannes Zeegers (born 19 January 2000) is a Dutch footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Jong PSV.
It was declared as Treasure Trove at a coroner's inquest on 25 September 1985 and subsequently examined at the British Museum.
The hoard contains 30 gold and 1552 silver coins with a total value of £93 and 5 shillings contained within a ceramic Ryedale ware vessel.
The hoard also contained two receipts for cheese requisitioned by the Royalist Army on 17 January 1644; these receipts were signed by John Guy the deputy provider general of the York garrison.
Vendryes studied at the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées and received his doctorate in nuclear physics at the Sorbonne.
From 1948 he was employed by the French nuclear research authority CEA, where he made his first experiments under Frédéric Joliot-Curie.
At the CEA he worked on neutron transport experiments and research and development of different type of reactors including controlled thermonuclear fusion.
and was significant in the construction of various important installations such as Harmonie (1965), Masurca (1966), Rapsodie (1967), Phenix (1973) and Superphénix (1985).
He was appointed Director of the Nuclear Reactors Department of the CEA in 1971, and was Adviser to the CEA Administrator General from 1983 to 1988.
He was an officer of the Legion of Honor and Grand Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite and was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit.
In March 2017 he was promoted to become the Political Commissar of the 76th Group Army, a position he held until December 2019.
In 2012, Fraia was one of the authors selected for the collection The Best Young Brazilian Writers of the British magazine Granta.
Burkheiser struggled with the recovery, and anxiety and depressions on how to continue with the band after its rise to popularity, but overcame it to record the album, including the track, across 2018.
Ajin Tom (born 29 January 2000) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
He was part of the India U-16 team which finished runners-up in the 2015 SAFF U-16 Championship, losing to Bangladesh U16 in the final on penalties.
Ajin was part of the AIFF Elite Academy batch that was preparing for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup to be hosted in India.
He made his professional debut for the side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Gokulam Kerala F.C..
She was named after Charles H. Marshall, an American businessman, art collector and philanthropist who was prominent in society during the Gilded Age.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Clarence Graham, the wife of the assistant work manager of outfitting at JAJCC, and launched on 17 November 1944.
After a series of sales and name changes she was returned to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) on 23 December 1963, under an exchange program, and placed in the James River Reserve Fleet, in Lee Hall, Virginia.
Singapore's bus fleet consists of single deck and double deck buses and they are operated by four operators, SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore.
All buses are wheelchair-accessible apart from the Mercedes-Benz O405G and the Volvo B10TL; these two bus models will be retired by 2020 to form a fully wheelchair-accessible bus fleet.
Most future buses will be either diesel-electric hybrids or fully electric buses, as part of LTA's initiative to have all public buses on the roads to be equipped as such by 2040.
He has been Deputy Commander of the Tibet Military District since 2016, and formerly served as Deputy Commander of the Nanjiang Military District.
In January 2013 he was promoted to become Deputy Commander of the Nanjiang Military District, a position he held until 2016, when he was appointed Deputy Commander of the Tibet Military District.
Alieu Kosiah is a former commander of the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) faction, a rebel group that participated in the First Liberian Civil War (1989-1996) which fought against the National Patriotic Front of Liberia, led by Charles Taylor.
On 10 November 2014, Swiss authorities arrested Kosiah in connection with accusations that he was involved in mass killings in parts of Liberia’s Lofa County from 1993 to 1995.
Criminal complaints were filed against him by several Liberian victims, represented by Alain Werner, Director of the Swiss NGO Civitas Maxima.
On 22 March 2019, after five years of criminal investigation, the Swiss Office of the Attorney General (OAG) indicted Kosiah for war crimes, after hearing testimony from over 25 witnesses and victims.
Kosiah was charged on several counts, including having ordered, committed, or participated in the murder of civilians and soldiers hors de combat, having desecrated the corpse of a civilian, having raped a civilian, having ordered the cruel treatment of civilians, having recruited and used a child soldier, having ordered several pillages, and having ordered and/or participated in the forced transport of goods and ammunition by civilians.
On 31 October 2019, the Swiss Federal Criminal Court listed the criminal case against Alieu Kosiah for trial in Bellinzona, commencing on 14 April and concluding on 30 April 2020.
This will be the first time an ULIMO member will be tried for war crimes, and the first time the FCC will hold a war crimes trial.
Esdra Pontremoli (Chieri, 10 January 1818 – Vercelli, 1 February 1888) was an italian rabbi, poet, writer, editor, teacher, pedagogist and member of the Pontremoli dynasty.
Eliseo Graziado Pontremoli (born in Casale Monferrato in 1778 and died in Nice in 1851) and Bella Eleonora Olivetti (died in Nice in 1874, nephew of the banker ), exponent of a wealthy family of bankers from Modena.
Influenced by the figure of his father, an exponent of an important dynasty of rabbis, he decided to undertake theological studies and become a rabbi.
In the Saudi-Idrisi treaty of 1920, the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa officially laid claim to the territories of Najran, and in 1921 the Ikhwan militia invaded Najran.
In the winter of 1931/1932, Yemeni forces once again attempted to take Najran, but were expelled by the Saudis in 1932.
In 1934, following the Saudi-Yemeni War, Najran's independence definitively ended when Yemen renounced its claims to Najran and the principality was annexed into Saudi Arabia.
Saurabh Meher (born 12 January 2000) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Previously in the year 2019 he captained Chennayin FC B Team and Youth (U-18) team in I- League 2nd Division and Hero Elite League, where he leaded his team upto semi finals.
Saurabh was part of the India U-16 team which finished runners-up in the 2015 SAFF U-16 Championship, losing to Bangladesh U16 in the final on penalties.
Saurabh was part of the AIFF Elite Academy batch that was preparing for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup to be hosted in India.
He made his professional debut for the side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Gokulam Kerala F.C..
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Emmett Assenheimer, the wife of the director of Procurement and Expediting, JAJCC, and launched on 21 November 1944.
Lars Hanssen (30 August 1903 – 1940) was a Norwegian chess player un chess composer, Norwegian Chess Championship silver medalist (1926, 1932).
The 1979 Derby City Council election took place on 3 May 1979 to elect members of Derby City Council in England.
Krystyna Kacpura is the Executive Director of the Federation for Women and Family Planning, a member of the Sexual Rights Initiative, European Society for Contraception and Reproductive Rights, and the Programme Council of the Congress of Polish Women.
Kacpura is a graduate from University of Warsaw, Poland and holds a post graduate from the Polish Institute of International Affairs.
As part of ASTRA, she has co-authored a report on 'Sexual and reproductive health rights and the implication of conscientious objection', at the request of the FEMM Committee.
As part of her work with Federation for Women and Family Planning, Kacpura was involved in the organising the Polish Women's Strike, known as Black Monday.
90,000 people gathered on the streets of Warsaw, which according to Urgent Action Fund alerted the international community triggering interventions by UN human rights experts, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights and 200 NGOs.
Kacpura organised a campaign to raise awareness of the implications of a proposed total ban of abortion in Poland tabled by the Stop Abortion Initiative The campaign included the distribution of leaflets to women on the streets, in shops, offices and school and the mobilisation of women to engage in street debates and demonstrations against the bill.
'It was like I was in a trance: thousands of individual conversations; dozens of debates, demonstrations, marches; hundreds of phone calls, emails.
When I was tired, I opened my drawer with the signatures of hundreds of Poles under the Save Women Initiative – a reminder that all those people trusted me and my organisation'.
The Federation for Women and Family Planning monitors hospital procedures and the experience of women seeking abortions and maintains a helpline.
The Executive Order on Combating Anti-Semitism is an executive order announced by U.S. President Donald Trump on December 10, 2019, and signed the next day.
The purpose of the order is said to be to prevent antisemitism by making it easier to use laws prohibiting institutional discrimination against people based on national origin to punish discrimination against Jewish people, including opposition to policies undertaken by the government of Israel.
The White House initially indicated that the order would define Judaism as a nationality instead of a religion in the United States, though the order ultimately released was more modest in its reach.
Some decried the order as a political stunt, and called on Trump to more directly address the threat of white nationalism.
The John M. Carroll House, on Park St. in Cave Spring, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The basic form and arrangement reflect Georgian traditions, the recessed front porch and entry reflects transitional Federal/Greek Revival styles, and details such as .paneled pilasters and paired brackets suggest Italianate influence.
Adrian Quist and Don Turnbull defeated the defending champions Jack Crawford and Vivian McGrath 6–8, 6–2, 6–1, 3–6, 6–2, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.
Ma Jisheng (; born 1 March 1957) is a former Chinese diplomat who served as Chinese Ambassador to Iceland between December 2012 and September 2014.
In September 2014 he was arrested by the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China for leaking state secrets to Japan.
The European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS) is a pan-European nonprofit organization for the promotion of artificial intelligence with a focus on machine learning.
The organization's goal is to establish top AI research institutes, strengthen basic research and create a European PhD programme for AI.
ELLIS was first proposed in an open letter to European governments in April 2018, which stated that Europe was not keeping up with the US and China.
In an open competition, the research groups were selected by an international commission of scientists according to their scientific excellence in the field.
He had also taught at Florida State University, the University of Iowa, the University of Essex and did research at University of Mannheim, Germany (2012).
Museum of the History of the City of Poznań is a branch of the National Museum in Poznań, a museum devoted to the history of the city.
As a branch of the National Museum in Poznań, it is entered in the State Register of Museums kept by the minister in charge of culture and national heritage protection.
The Snoke Farmstead, in Cass County, Nebraska near Eagle, Nebraska, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
The Habitable Exoplanet Hunting Project is an international network of both professional and amateur astronomers created and coordinated by Alberto Caballero, an amateur astronomer and host of The Exoplanets Channel.
As of December 2019, the network comprises 32 observatories located worldwide, including universities such as the University of South Africa and the University of Saskatchewan, in Canada.
The participants are searching for new potentially habitable exoplanets around non-flare G, K or M-type stars located within 100 light years.
Despite G and K-type stars are the main targets of the project, the team is initially focusing on red dwarfs because it take less time to discard the existence of potentially habitable exoplanets around these type of stars.
Most of the observatories are able to detect transit depths as low as 0.1% and exoplanets with a radius of 0.7 Earth radii.
Overall, the project is a new approach to the quest for exoplanets in which a large network of astronomers located in the five continents have the time to continuously observe each star individually during long periods of time in the search for dips in brightness produced by transiting exoplanets.
As of December 2019, the network has already conducted observations on GJ 436 and GJ 1214, with a new campaign on GJ 3470 starting in January 2020.
Cranberry fruit rot can be categorized into field rot (rot occurring while growing and before harvest) and storage rot (occurring any time after harvest).
If cranberries are immediately processed after harvest, growers focus on preventing field rot while with fresh market cranberries, growers seek to prevent storage rot.
There are 10-15 fungal pathogens known to cause cranberry fruit rot diseases, some active in only field rot, storage rot, or both.
There is no known bacterial pathogen that plays a role in CFR or any major disease on cranberry, potentially due to the low pH conditions on the cranberry fruit.
The symptoms of a rot are related to a general softening and deterioration of the cranberry, which occur both in the field and in storage.
Due to the complexity and number of fungal pathogens involved in CFR, the specific disease cycles have yet to be fully studied.
The management of CFR can be complicated and varies due to the number of pathogens and the temporal aspect of fruit rot.
Fungicides applied during the projected times of infection and on potential areas, such as flowers and after fruit set, are effective at deterring fruit rot.
Dry harvests can cause more damage to vines and take longer, but can reduce disease spread and decrease the potential of storage rot.
Sanding, a process where sand is laid on the field to stimulate root growth from the harvested cranberries, could actually play a role in covering up inoculum with plant debris, which may decrease the chances of field and storage rot.
Since 2002 he had become a Deputy of Ivano-Frankivsk City Council, the member of Economic Revival Faction, the member of the City Council Committee on issues of finance planning, prices and budget.
As a result of the economic and banking crisis in Ukraine in 2014-2015, the bank, like 99 other Ukrainian banks (out of 180 as of 2013), was withdrawn from the market by the decision of the National Bank of Ukraine.
Oleg Bakhmatyuk is the only one of their ex-owners of liquidated banks who proposed to cover the bank's debts to the Deposit Guarantee Fund and the NBU.
The idea to restore the work of the poultry processing plant and establish a USA meat supply to Ukraine and Russia, however, failed.
During 2014-2015, Bakhmatyuk and his companies suffered great losses due to the conflict in Donbass Region and annexation of the Crimea where the company owned significant capital.
He taught for many years at Georgetown and at the novitiate in Frederick, Maryland, of which he twice served as rector.
His uncle enrolled him in Washington Seminary (later known as Gonzaga College High School) and he enrolled in Georgetown College in 1829.
While there, he entered the Society of Jesus on August 6, 1832, and proceeded to the Jesuit novitiate in White Marsh, Maryland.
He became the second to last surviving Jesuit educated at the novitiate in White Marsh, which had moved to Frederick, Maryland in 1834.
Around this time, he developed health problems that left him temporarily unable to speak and later with impaired speech, which prevented him from preaching.
On one occasion, while the President of Georgetown College, James A. Ryder, was away from the school, a student rebellion broke out, which Ward was able to quell.
Following the war, he returned to Georgetown in 1865 as vice president, prefect of studies, and professor of rhetoric, where he remained until 1869 when he was made rector of the novitiate in Frederick, replacing Joseph O'Callaghan, who died at sea on his return from the Jesuit general congregation in Rome.
He also taught as a professor at the novitiate until 1873, when he ceased teaching to become the master of novices, while still remaining rector.
For many years, Ward was also the socius (assistant) to the provincial superior, which required him to live near St. Francis Xavier College in New York City.
For ten years, Ward was the prefect of studies at the College of the Holy Cross in Massachusetts and at Loyola College in Maryland, and then again served as rector of the novitiate in Frederick from 1890 to 1891.
The museum aims to promote Poznań culture and history, whose most characteristic elements are: Świętomarcińskie croissants, Poznań dialect and goats on the tower of the Town Hall.
The sculpture is very distinct and clearly marked on the last two whorls, but much confused and difficult to trace on the upper ones.
Pearl-like granules are formed where the ridges cross one another, in the present shell however they are more regular in size and more rounded.
There are three rows of these granules on each whorl, besides an additional smaller one and some indistinct transverse ridges close to the suture.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Cape Dory 33 is an American sailboat that was designed by Carl Alberg as cruiser and first built in 1980.
The Cape Dory 33 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with a balsa-cored deck and teak wooden cockpit coamings and trim.
It has a masthead sloop rig or optional cutter rig, a spooned raked stem, a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel.
The boat is fitted with a Universal diesel engine of or a Swedish Volvo diesel engine of for docking and maneuvering.
The sleeping accommodation is somewhat unconventional, with a single berth mounted in the port side of bow, with a seat and bureau in that cabin.
In the main cabin are settee berths, including one that converts to a double and a third quarter berth in the aft main cabin, partially under the cockpit and adjoining the navigation table.
Edward John Kenney FBA (29 February 1924–23 December 2019), usually known as E. J. Kenney, was a British Latinist who served as the Kennedy Professor of Latin until his retirement in 1984.
He spent the majority of his career at Cambridge University, where he was an emeritus fellow of Peterhouse until his death in 2019.
His pet cat Fufu would be on the candidate's chair and they would be judged by the manner in which they treated it.
After a brief spell as assistant lecturer at the University of Leeds, Kenney returned to Cambridge, first as a research fellow at Trinity College and from 1953 as a fellow of Peterhouse.
In 1974, he was named the seventh Kennedy Professor of Latin, an appointment which he held until his retirement in 1982.
From 1959-65 he served as the editor of Classical Quarterly, while the British Academy elected him to a fellowship in 1968.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
The scope of the museum's activities includes collecting and making available collections on the independence uprisings and organic work during the partitions, the period of the Second Republic of Poland, fighting and martyrdom during World War II, as well as protests and opposition activities in the years 1945-1989.
The Chairman of the Museum Council in the 2016-2020 term is professor Zbigniew Pilarczyk from Adam Mickiewicz University, while the Director is Tomasz Łęcki.
The Museum is entered in the list of museums kept by the minister in charge of culture and national heritage protection.
The bagpipe has a nasal but harmonious sound and the instrument consists of goatskin bag, a single drone (buçall or shkandril) and a single reed.
Stéphane Charlin is a Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing with Genève-Servette HC of the National League (NL).
Charlin posted a 3.68 GAA with a .887 SVS% through 6 games when he was called up by Genève-Servette HC to replace injured backup, Gauthier Descloux.
He unexpectedly made his National League (NL) debut on November 29, 2019 in a game against the ZSC Lions replacing Robert Mayer who had received a game misconduct for hitting Marcus Krüger with his blocker.
Mayer's game misconduct resulted in an automatic one game suspension, forcing Charlin to make his first NL start the next day at home against SC Bern.
Charlin saved 30 of Bern's 32 shots, posting a 93.75 SVS% in a 2-1 loss for his first NL complete game.
Fourteen teams will qualify for this Major based on their top fourteen placements from the last Major, the , while another ten teams would qualify from their respective regional qualifiers.
The Rio Major will be the ninth consecutive major with a prize pool of $1,000,000 since Valve announced the prize pool increase from $250,000 at MLG Columbus 2016.
The Terrorists must either plant a bomb or kill the entire Counter-Terrorist team, while the Counter-Terrorists must either prevent the bomb from being planted by killing the entire Terrorist team or defusing the bomb.
Once the bomb is planted, counter-terrorists have forty seconds to defuse the bomb; under normal circumstances, it takes ten seconds to defuse the bomb, but purchasing a defuse kit reduces the defuse time to five seconds.
At the end of each round, players are rewarded based on their individual performance with in-game currency to spend on more powerful weapons in subsequent rounds.
However, the more consecutive rounds a team loses, the more money the losing team earns, with the loss bonus capping after five rounds; once that team wins a round, the loss round bonus resets to the minimum amount each player could earn after a round.
In addition, the teams that placed third in their respective Minors will have another shot at the Major as since Valve reduced the number of direct invites from sixteen to fourteen, the last two spots will be decided through a third place qualifier, in which the teams that placed third at each Minor will play until two teams remain.
Each Minor also had a 50,000 prize pool, with first place receiving 30,000, second place taking in 15,000, and third place raking in the last 5,000.
In the early morning of December 11, 2019, the Taliban attacked Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, which is controlled by the United States.
She also performs on the independent circuit, where she is the current Phoenix of Rise Champion and Shine Tag Team Champion.
On August 31, she appeared in All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name Big Swole, competing in a 21-woman Casino Battle Royale on the All Out pre-show.
Directed by Tom Mankiewicz and written by Dan Gordon from a story by Gary Hoffman, the film followed a female cop and a murder witness as they try to avoid the mob en route to a high profile trial in New York City.
The cast included Tony Goldwyn and Lynn Whitfield as the leads and George Segal, Will Patton, Peter Boyle, Joe Grifasi, Alan Arkin, and Greg Germann in supporting roles.
The trigger behind these considerations were the potential of new technology, notably the possibility of a doomsday scenario due to nuclear warfare or developments following James Watson's and Francis Crick's 1953 publication of the structure of the DNA molecule.
He argues that Gaia's true consort is not the titanic or promethean mind of scientific progress, but the mind as a cosmic power.
He also criticises Oswald Spengler's study of the cycles of civilisation as insufficient, as it only points out similarities without addressing the source of the similarities.
Chongdan is flanked by Bongbal Khullen in the west, Leihaoram in the south, Ashang Khullen in the east and Itham in the north.
The average sex ratio of the village is 1049 female to 1000 male which is higher than Manipur state average of 985.
Museum of Applied Arts in Poznań is a branch of the National Museum in Poznań, art museum opened in 1965 as the Museum of Arts and Crafts.
Since 1991, in connection with the expansion of the collection profile and the change of the exhibition, under the current name.
It is located in the Royal Castle in Poznań, built in 1249, initially as a residential tower of the PoznańPrince Przemysl I.
As a branch of the National Museum in Poznań, it is entered in the State Register of Museums kept by the minister in charge of culture and national heritage protection.
The Museum has 11,000 exhibits, such as fabrics, furniture, glass, silver, and others, which are exhibited in chronological order, from the Middle Ages to the present day.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Bjarne A. Lia, widow of the namesake, and launched on 30 November 1944.
After a series of sales and name changes she was returned to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) on 23 December 1963, under an exchange program, and placed in the James River Reserve Fleet, in Lee Hall, Virginia.
Francis Luther Eames (June 29, 1844 – November 10, 1912) was an American banker and historian who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
After receiving his education in the schools of Fall River, he began his career as a clerk in several banking houses, including L. P. Morton & Co. (the firm founded by former U.S. Vice President Levi P. Morton).
In 1870, he formed Eames & Moore, a brokerage partnership with H. Ramsdell Moore, becoming senior member of the firm in 1885.
In 1866, he became a member of the New York Stock Exchange and was elected a member of the Governing Committee of the Exchange in 1879.
In December 1902, he announced that he would retire from active business on January 1, 1903 but served as a trustee of the Brooklyn Savings Bank, the Long Island Historical Society, the Stock Exchange Gratuity Fund, and a director of the Brooklyn Hospital.
He was also a member of the Sons of the Revolution, the Society of Colonial Wars, the Chamber of Commerce of New York and the Hamilton Club of Brooklyn.
On October 1, 1875, Eames was married to Sarah Wright (1847–1898), a daughter of William Wright and Emily (née Carpenter) Wright.
From there, the song enters an extended instrumental interlude, with guitarist Adam Jones going through many guitar riffs and guitar solos; with publications like Metal Hammer noting that, while many bands would build entire songs around the riffs, Tool instead runs through them once or twice and then moves on to the next one.
Service is mainly provided by route 75 to Tunney's Pasture station every 15 minutes on weekdays and 30 minutes on evenings and weekends.
Šimunović started his career as a journalist at Večernji List, a conservative daily newspaper in Zagreb, from August 1988 to October 1990.
He covered the unraveling of the Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, including free elections in Poland, the Romanian Revolution, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and other events.
Šimunović left Croatia in October 1993 to work at BBC World Service Radio’s Croatian Section as a journalist and producer, remaining until September 1998.
Šimunović joined the Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Zagreb in September 1998 as deputy head of the Analytical Department, staying until March 2000.
He served his first foreign posting at the Croatian embassy in Paris, where he served as first secretary and counsellor for political affairs, as well as deputy head of mission, from March 2000 to September 2003.
Šimunović left the Foreign Ministry to return to journalism and to the Večernji List, working as an advisor to the board from September 2003 to February 2004.
He served as national coordinator for NATO, as well as assistant minister for International Organizations and Security, from March 2004 to July 2008.
Croatia entered NATO’s Partnership for Peace in 2000 and became the 28th and most recent member of the European Union on July 1, 2013.
Šimunović then left the Foreign Ministry for the Ministry of Defense, serving as Director of Defense Policy from August 2008 to February 2009, and as State Secretary for Defense Policy from February 2009 to December 2011.
Pjer Šimunović was married to , a journalist and visual arts correspondent for Croatian National Radio, with whom he had an adult daughter.
His work focuses on the potential of soils to help resolve global issues such as climate change, food security and water quality.
Lal worked as a Senior Research Fellow with the University of Sydney from 1968-69, and then as a Soil Physicist at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1970 to 1987.
She pursued further studies in composition at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, and with Max Reger in Leipzig, before World War I.
Rebecca Chin (born December 11, 1991) is a retired British rower who competed in international events and a former Paralympic discus and shot put thrower in the F44 classification who competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics but was shifted to the F38 category as it was deemed appropriate for her unusual leg function.
However, after her shot put event, she was stripped off her shot put silver medal due to an on the spot reclassification of her disability, Chin was born with hyperlax ankle ligaments.
The Endless Game is a two-part television miniseries that premiered in the United Kingdom in 1989 before eventually appearing on Showtime in the United States in 1990.
Chioma Matthews (née Ezeogu, born 12 March 1981) is an English female athlete who competes in the triple jump event and also played netball for England.
She then went on to compete in the sport of netball for England at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia and won a bronze medal.
Matthews switched sports to athletics at the relatively late age of 28 and competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland in the triple jump finishing 8th.
Ghosted: Love Gone Missing is an American reality-based documentary television series airing on MTV about ghosting, which premiered on September 10, 2019.
Incumbent mayor Francis Slay was challenged for renomination by St. Louis City Board of Aldermen President Lewis E. Reed, as well as by Jimmie Matthews.
He went on to University College London, then studied at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, graduating in 2009 with an MMus in Composition.
In 2006 he was invited by Jay-Z to play at the Royal Albert Hall and he subsequently performed on stage with Beyoncé, but declined an offer to join her on tour.
The 1957–1958 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1957–58 NCAA University Division men's basketball season.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his tenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.
John Smith Archibald (born in Inverness, Scotland on December 14, 1872 - died March 2, 1934 in Montreal at the age of 61) was a Canadian architect.
He built several prominent hotels for Canadian National Railway, including the Windsor Hotel, Château Laurier, Halifax Hotel, and the Hotel Vancouver.
He also worked on several projects in Montreal, including the Montreal Masonic Memorial Temple, the Emmanuel Congregational Church, and the École polytechnique de Montréal.
Other significant commissions included the Montreal Forum, Baron Byng High School, Elizabeth Ballantyne School, the Queen’s University gymnasium and swimming pool in Kingston (1930), and three Montreal hospitals: the Royal Edward Institute, the Montreal Convalescent Hospital, and St. Mary's Hospital.
Kinoshita Abyell Kanagawa (木下アビエル神奈川) is a Japanese women's professional table tennis club based in Kanagawa Prefecture and playing in the T.League.
, also known as , is a genre of Japanese manga and anime where food, cooking, eating, or drinking is a central plot element.
While stories still incorporate standard narrative elements such as plot and character development, significant emphasis is frequently placed on the technical aspects of cooking and eating.
Cooking manga stories often feature detailed descriptions or photorealistic illustrations of the dish itself; a recipe for the dish is often also included.
Cooking manga is a multi-genre category, with cooking manga stories that center romance, crime, mystery, and numerous other genres having been produced.
The age and gender of a cooking manga's protagonist typically indicates its intended audience, with both men and women forming the audience for the genre; while home food preparation is stereotyped as women's work in Japan as it is in the West, professional cooking and connoisseurship tend to be considered as male activities.
Cooking manga is inclusive of stories concerning a variety of world cuisines, and is not limited to stories about Japanese cuisine exclusively.
While manga has long contained references to food and cooking, cooking manga would not emerge as a discrete genre until the 1970s.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The 1980 Derby City Council election took place on 1 May 1980 to elect members of Derby City Council in England.
Campbell made his professional debut for Wolverhampton Wanderers, on 30 October 2019 in a 2–1 defeat against Aston Villa in the EFL Cup.
According to one version of the folk legend, when the town hall was rebuilt after the great fire in Poznań, the clock for the town hall tower was ordered from master Bartholomew of Gubin.
The young cook could not wait to finish baking and decided to leave the kitchen for a while to look at the clock.
The mayor pardoned Pietrek, and the watchmaker was ordered to make a mechanism that would activate the clock goats every day.
The real goats did not reach the tables of city councilors and townsmen but were returned to the poor widow, their true owner.
The monument, due to its easy accessibility from the ground level and the possibility to sit on the backs of animals, is a popular place for tourists and residents to take souvenir photographs.
The church is run by the Church of Norway, and is also used by the Roman Catholic St. Hallvard Parish for weekly Holy Masses on Sundays at 6PM.
The altarpiece, which represents the Lion of Judah and the lamb and the stained glass were created by Per Odd Aarrestad.
She went to Aloysius Primary School, Abuja for her primary school education and had her secondary school education in the same Abuja.
She also went to Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University where she got a degree in English and Mass Communication, before going to University of Wollongong for her master's degree.
Nenny B started her career in 2007 when she debuted her stage appearance in the 2007 Kora Awards, opening the stage for 50 Cent.
She joined News Agency of Nigeria, NAN as a journalist and worked on her editing skills, before later becoming an editor.
It was first isolated from soil in a ginseng field in Pocheon, South Korea, and the species name is derived from the ginseng soil isolation location.
During his studies he already worked as a répétiteur in the singing classes of Elisabeth Radó and Christl Mardayn at the same university.
After his studies, Binder held concert master positions in the Bregenz Orchestra, the Vienna Volksoper Orchestra, as first concertmaster at the Bayreuth Festival, the Vienna Philharmonic and the NDR Symphony Orchestra Hamburg.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of D major in common time with a tempo of 103 beats per minute.
Many prominent figures and influencers, such as Aurela Gaçe, Besa Kokëdhima, Capital T, Ledri Vula and Eleni Foureira, came out in support of the song through their Instagram stories.
The Radio Televizioni Shqiptar (RTSH) organised the 58th edition of Festivali i Këngës in order to select Albania's entrant for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020.
She performed the song for the first time at the first semi-final on 19 December 2019 and qualified for the grand final on 21 December 2019.
The three members of the international jury all ranked the song first, whereas the two Albanian jury members ranked it lower.
Dundee Burns Club, founded in 1860, is one of the oldest Burns Clubs in the world and one of very few to retain its own premises.
From 1877, the club was the driving force behind the erection of John Steell's statue to Robert Burns in Dundee’s Albert Square.
A silk banner commissioned for the unveiling of the statue in 1880 is now held by the McManus Gallery and was restored in 2012.
The 26th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards, honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2019, were presented on January 19, 2020 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California.
The 2020 NC State Wolfpack baseball team will represent North Carolina State University during the 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season.
In 2019, the Wolfpack finished the season 2nd in the ACC's Atlantic Division with a record of 42–19, 18–12 in conference play.
They were invited to the 2019 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament, where they played in the Greenville Regional, where they lost to .
Born in Schleswig-Holstein in either 1916 or 1919, Franz Bueb enrolled in a Berlin art school, but emigrated to the United States following the Nazi Party's rise to power.
Bryant grew up in Gray, Georgia and attended John Milledge Academy, where he played baseball, basketball, and was a two-way starter for the football team.
As a senior, Harrison had 39 receptions for 608 yards and scored 10 touchdowns on offense and 100 tackles with 11 sacks on defense.
The following season, he became the Owls starting tight end and finished the year with 32 receptions for 408 yards and five touchdowns and was named second team All-Conference USA.
As a senior, Bryant led all Division I tight ends with 65 receptions and 1,004 receiving yards with seven touchdown catches and was again named first team All-Conference USA and received the John Mackey Award as the nation's top tight end.
Aircraft torpedoes were not exploding on impact with Enemy ships, and the Allies were losing lots of ships to German and Japanese warships and submarines.
Bowers had to assemble a team and within a week had to design a system to impact torpedoes at 24 knots into targets at various angles and begin tests.
They completed the tests and determined that the switches in the circuit were opening on impact before the signal to fire the explosive was sent.
After the war, Bowers led a study to design a modern, wider Panama channel that would either be sea level or high lift lock design.
The study was successfully completed and Bowers won the Collingwood award for this research; however, due to political reasons, modernization did not happen for the next 50 years.
Subsequently, he joined the Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory of the University of Minnesota where he worked for the next thirty years.
In 2000, the University of Minnesota created an award in Bowers' honor, to annually recognize an outstanding computer science and engineering (CSE) professor who has demonstrated exceptional interest and commitment to teaching.
He concluded that the armor layer using 20 ton rocks was adequate and the harbor was built and has survived until today.
He also concluded that the 6 ton rock design used in Silver Bay harbor would not survive the 20 foot wave that the breakwater was designed for.
In 1958, two years after the Taconite Harbor breakwater was completed, a storm destroyed the Silver Bay breakwater, but the Taconite Harbor breakwater survived.
His most significant research involved a study of the cause of the failure of Kaptai Dam on the Karnafuli river in Bangladesh.
The dam is 136 feet high with a 745 foot wide spillway designed for a maximum flow of 640,000 cubic feet per second (cfs).
Hydraulic jumps and a stilling basin were used to dissipate the energy of the water flowing down the spillway before entering the channel and impacting the channel below the dam.
The spillway failed during the first monsoon season it experienced (in 1962) at a level (123,000 cfs), far below the design flow.
Bowers was in charge of analyzing the cause of the failure, and they had to determine a solution before the next monsoon season.
Their steady flow analysis and tests indicated the design was correct and the spillway should have survived at the flow where it failed.
Prior to this time, information was not available on the magnitude of pressure fluctuations in hydraulic jumps (used to dissipate the energy in the water flowing down the spillway) and instrumentation was not available to measure the fluctuations.
Bowers had just started doing measurements on pressure fluctuations in stilling basins for their other design work, and they checked the pressure fluctuations in the stilling basin.
Since the stilling basin must dissipate many millions of horsepower before the flow enters the river channel, very violent eddies are generated.
Their test data indicate that these fluctuations could easily have caused uplift of the chute slab and subsequent failure of the spillway.
This resulted in modifications to how spillways are designed, and much thicker concrete is used to withstand the dynamic fluctuations in spillways.
The 2019 College Football All-America Team includes those players of American college football who have been honored by various selector organizations as the best players at their respective positions.
The National Collegiate Athletic Bureau, which is the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) service bureau, compiled, in the 1950, the first list of All-Americans including first-team selections on teams created for a national audience that received national circulation with the intent of recognizing selections made from viewpoints that were nationwide.
Since 1957, College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) has bestowed Academic All-American recognition on male and female athletes in Divisions I, II, and III of the NCAA as well as National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics athletes, including all NCAA championship sports.
Currently, the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I FBS football and Division I men's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources.
To be selected a consensus All-American, players must be chosen to the first team on at least two of the five official selectors as recognized by the NCAA.
On 26 March 2019, she had a live solo concert at ZeppDiverCity in Tokyo, which was the largest performance for her ever at that time.
Gerd Elinor Fleischer was born in a small town in northern of Norway, September 17, 1942, and was raised in Tromsø.
After eighteen years, most of the time in Mexico City, she returned to Norway, determined to fight for justice for the children of war as well as other victims of discrimination and persecution.
She has participated in the war children's lawsuit against the Norwegian state at the European Court of Human Rights in 2007.
Prior to the 2009 Norwegian Sámi parliamentary election, she was the second candidate for the Sámi People's Party in the Southern Norway constituency.
It follows a participatory approach, using collective intelligence methods (developed in living labs) and fast prototyping tools such as fab labs, to use and co-create digital commons.
This industrial building was originally built in 1920s and owned by Belgian migrants, and it remained in operation until the 2000 when it was sold to the City Council.
In 2013, after an extensive refurbishment effort of the Serrería building, the center started using the 4000 m and all the floors of the now renovated building.
This refurbishment was awarded multiple awards, including the 12th Spanish Biennial of Architecture and Town Planning award, the COAM 2013 award and the Sacyr innovation award 2014.
In 2014, the City Council considered renting the building to the Telefónica corporation, in order to host innovation hub initiatives such as Wayra.
A manifest signed by a list of renowned names (such as Javier de la Cueva or Antonio Lafuente) supporting the center was published, and eventually the building remained for the sole use of MLP.
MLP has hosted multiple talks of renowned names, including major academics such as Nancy Fraser, Yochai Benkler, or Langdon Winner, or politicians such as EU Commissioner Karmenu Vella.
It has also been venue of international events such as Libre Graphics Meeting, the Red Bull Music Academy, the Media Facades Festival Europe, or the Madrid Design Festival.
Its Spanish co-founder, David Cuartielles, presented Arduino in the center, where Ars Electronica festival director Gerfried Stoker saw it and invited him to show it at the festival.
Surgeon Rear Admiral Arnold Ashworth Pomfret (1 June 1900 – 3 April 1984) was an English first-class cricketer, ophthalmologist and Royal Navy officer.
He was one of the first naval medical officers to specialise in ophthalmology and was the first to undertake major eye surgery.
Pomfret became a Surgeon Lieutenant Commander in 1929, and worked at the Royal Naval Hospital, Simon's Town from 1931 to 1934.
He became a Surgeon Commander in August 1934 and in 1940 he was medical officer in charge of the Royal Navy Sick Quarters on Liugong Island, Wei Hai Wei, and in that capacity received a Japanese military delegation of the Wei Hai Wei occupying forces.
The following year he was made an OBE in the 1941 New Year Honours and was promoted to the rank of Surgeon Captain in June 1944.
He was appointed an Honorary Surgeon to the Queen in November 1953, a capacity he served in until his retirement from active service in October 1957.
Against the MCC he took a five wicket haul, with figures of 6 for 39 in the MCC second-innings, which contributed to a 23 runs victory for the Royal Navy, despite having been asked to follow-on from their first-innings.
The cenotaph was conceived in 1995, under the former ministry of health and social services, Kogi State during the regime of Colonel Paul Omeruo, the previous military administrator of the state.
The war memorial, a gigantic concrete block with old artillery mounted on it, is situated in the middle of light cannons and machine guns placed on small pavements.
It exhibits relics of weapons employed by the British forces against the German forces in defence of their colonies in East Africa and Cameroon.
This is clearly implied by the year, 1914 Cameroon and 1918 East African wars boldly written on the remnants of the cannon on display.The displayed cannons signify disparity between the technology of the old era and present day military weaponry and warfare.
Another spectacular feature of the cenotaph is an inscription of the names of eminent military personnel who served in the two world wars.
In other words, a memento of three heavy artillery guns is seen with names of exceptional soldiers engraved on a plaque and placed on the huge concrete block accommodating one of the artilleries.
The attributes of this monument have made it a designated place where government functionaries and Nigerian soldiers in Kogi state mark the yearly army remembrance day every 15th of January, in honour of their dead heroes.
The governor of Kogi State, Yahaya Bello, flanked by top service personnel representative of retired service men and the Ohinoyi of Ebiraland, Dr.
This respect was extended with a pledge by the governor's administration to provide maximum support to the families of all fallen servicemen in the state.
This was preceded by the inspection of the Guard of Honour, signing the Hard Book, and releasing the white pigeons, by the governor, which symbolises existing national peace.
Starting as a prison cell robbery, violence between prison gangs intensified into a full-blown riot leading to the death of seven prisoners.
The West Yard consists of the F-1, F-3, and F-5 housing units and is generally seen as the more dangerous of the two yards.
The Bloods make-up the largest share of the prison population which has led to the Gangster Disciples and the Crips occasionally working together.
Some prisoners affiliated with the Gangster Disciples and the Crips sought Raymond Scott, a high-ranking Blood staying in the F-5 unit.
After the killing of Raymond Scott, violence spread to the F-1 housing unit, the closest unit to the prison's administrative building.
Alberto Fernández wished for the bulk of the ceremony, including the concession of the presidential symbols, to take place in the Congressional Palace (as in the previous inaugurations of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner), rather than in the Casa Rosada, as it was the case in 2015.
As planned, Fernández was sworn in at the Chamber of Deputies Hall of the National Congress, before Mauricio Macri, Gabriela Michetti (outgoing Vice-President and President of the Senate) and running-mate Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who also assumed as Vice-President.
After excelling at school, Vunivalu won a scholarship from the Morris Hedstrom fund to study at the University of Auckland, and was only the second Fijian to earn a Bachelor of the Arts after Lala Sukuna.
However, he resigned in 1954 in order to join the First Batallion of the Fiji Infantry Regiment to fight communist forces in Malaya.
Fijians were given the vote for the first time in the 1963 elections, with Vunivalu returned unopposed in the Eastern Fijian constituency.
On the same day, the band released the album exclusively in Japan with no release dates yet for a worldwide release as of their country.
If you doubted that CRYSTAL LAKE could match the intensity of 'Aeon' for a full album then you couldn't be more wrong.
I was beyond pleased, and as a vocalist who primarily is involved in deathcore/slam, hearing Ryo's range blossom even more and branching into high screams and gutturals was insane.
The 1982 Derby City Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Derby City Council in England.
Erroneously placing a foley in this situation can result in infections of periprostatic and perivesical hematomas or conversion of a partial transection to a complete urethral transections.
Radiographic films are taken as 20 mL of water-soluble contrast material are injected This outlines the urethra from the urethral meatus to the bladder neck.
This typically entails a direct excision of the now strictured area and anastomosis of the bulbous urethra to the prostate's apex.
In the women's 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup total score, for each participating athlete the points earned in all Individual, Sprint, Pursuit and Mass start competitions held during the season are added up with the two lowest scores subtracted at the end of the season to give that athlete's final score.
This includes the results from the Biathlon World Championships 2020 (held between the World Cup stages in Pokljuka and Nové Město).
In each event places 1 to 40 (1 to 30 in a Mass start) are awarded points, a victory being worth 60 points.
In a Mass start event only 30 athletes are allowed to participate and the points awarded for ranks 22 to 30 differ from the system used in other events.
An athlete's total World Cup Score is the sum of all World Cup points earned in the season, minus the points from 2 events in which the athlete got their worst scores.
If this number is the same for the athletes in question, the number of second places is compared, and so on.
Tom & Jerry, also known as Tom & Jerry: Hunting High and Low, is a 1989 platform video game developed and published by German company Magic Bytes.
It is the first video game based on the cartoon of the same name, and was released in the United States and Europe, for Amiga, Atari ST and Commodore 64 (C64) computers.
The player has a time limit to consume all the cheese and must also evade Tom, a cat who wants to harm Jerry.
This includes bowling balls and vases that can be dropped on Tom's head from a shelf, and banana peels which can be laid on the floor for Tom to slip.
To evade Tom, the player can also enter mouse holes which lead Jerry through tunnels, played as a continuously scrolling sub-game.
Catherine Ruge (born June 25, 1982 ) is a Tanzanian politician and a member of the Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo party.
She joined the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) from 2004 to 2007 studying for a degree in Business and Accounting.
Between 2011 and 2015 she studied for a Master's degree in Business Management at ESAMI (Eastern and Southern Africa Management Institute).
Currently, she is known to be pursuing a doctoral degree (PHD) at the University of Dar es Salaam on gender issues in the field of accounting.
In 2005, she is known to be one of the youth activist in Ubungo constituency that helped John Mnyika become a member of parliament.
On May 4, 2017 she was appointed by NEC to be the Chairman of the CHADEMA party special seats in place of Dr Elly Marco Macha.
APV was founded in 1953 as a speciality football club – tradition holds that it was the first specialty football club to be founded in rural Finland – but expanded to include other sports over time.
The club now offers programs in football, futsal, ice hockey, and pesäpallo and is best known for its youth and junior teams.
Alavuden Urheilijat was the first club in Alavus to organize a football division under its sports department and the first official games in Alavus were played in 1947.
However, plans to establish a club began to materialize when the municipality of Alavus gained ownership of the central sports field.
Alavuden Peli-Veikot was granted membership to the Football Association of Finland on 18 May 1953 and the club was registered on 14 September 1953.
The project was funded and supported entirely from community donations, the municipality did not provide any grants to the initial construction or maintenance.
Donations of note included an initial monetary donation made by Urmas Seppä with his wife and pharmacist Hannes Leinonen, some lumber donated by Mr. Hakkola of Hakkola Sawmill in Tuuri, and the efforts of Nepa Sinkkonen, who transformed an old truck engine into a water pump to spray water through an attached hose and resurface the ice.
APV’s junior program is well regarded and has produced such players as Kärpät forward and Olympic medalist Saila Saari, goaltender Pekka Tuokkola, coach Tuomas Tuokkola, and defenceman Lauri Taipalus.
In the game, the player must escape and battle their way out of a research facility, revolving around realistic physics interactions.
Small objects like cups or hammers can be easily picked up one-handed while larger objects like crates or axes take more effort to be picked up.
Players can also pick up small enemies and throw them or bash them into a wall; enemies can be simultaneously grabbed and shot.
The story mode of the game has the player traversing a digital city developed by Monogon, called MythOS, making their way to a clock tower to reset the clock.
The game has been criticized for its bugs, where the player's limbs can become stuck in game objects, as well as the content not being paced well and a lack of a good plot.
The 1938 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 29th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
During her tenure in the police, she was subject to several investigations by the National Human Rights Commission for alleged human rights violations.
In the late 1990s, she became involved with the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico, after being hired to work under the kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén.
Although she took legal steps to prevent her transfer to the U.S., she was extradited in August 2007 to face 10 counts of drug trafficking in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas.
She pleaded guilty to two counts of drug trafficking and was sentenced to 102 months (eight and a half years) in prison in October 2008.
Since she had already spent time in Mexican and U.S. custody prior to her conviction, her expected release date was much sooner.
María Antonieta Rodríguez Mata was born on 21 June 1969 in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Antonio Rodriguez Zacarias and Rosalia Mata Espinoza.
She moved to Saltillo, Coahuila, for high school and returned to Reynosa to study law at the Universidad Valle de Bravo.
Her psychologist said that her personality was formed in an environment where she received a lot of attention and recognition for her appearance and actions.
In 1995, Mexico's National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) determined that Rodríguez Mata and her state police colleagues Juan Jesús Salinas Cantú, Arturo Maldonado Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Cantú Rodríguez, and Ramiro Aranda Villarreal illegally arrested Miguel Torres Castillo and Mario Alberto Chávez Salinas in Tamaulipas.
On 27 October 1995, Rodríguez Mata and state police officer Mario Alberto Cárdenas Gutiérrez arrested U.S.-born national Gerardo Ramírez Olvera inside the Fiesta Mexicana nightclub in Reynosa and reportedly transported him illegally in a police car to the U.S., where he had outstanding criminal charges.
Ramírez Olvera was detained illegally by U.S. Customs agents at the McAllen–Hidalgo–Reynosa International Bridge for two hours to fill out his paperwork.
The details of Ramírez Olvera's case was based on information from Juan Gutiérrez González, a friend and eyewitness, and María del Rosario Segura, the victim's wife.
The Tamaulipas State Police chief Juan Guillermo Lerma Walle responded to the accusations and stated that the officers made the arrest because they were notified that a man (Ramírez Olvera) was inside the nightclub with a firearm.
The police stated that Ramírez Olvera acknowledged he was a U.S. citizen; when asked about his legal status in Mexico, he responded by saying that he was in Mexico because he was a fugitive from U.S. justice.
Lerma Walle stated that Ramírez Olvera was sent to their station in Reynosa and called U.S. officials to confirm the information.
Tamaulipas attorney general César Ceballos Blanco said that Ramírez Olvera's family made up the story after the Mexican police arrested him for residing in Mexico illegally.
The CNDH said that Piedras' name was not found in the original versions of the story and highlighted this as a contradiction on the police's part.
FBI supervisor Rogelio de la Garza also backed up the state police's story saying that Rodríguez Mata and Cárdenas Gutiérrez acted professionally.
He confirmed that Ramírez Olvera had been wanted by U.S. authorities since June 1995 and had a long history of drug trafficking.
De la Garza also said Rodríguez Mata and Cárdenas Gutiérrez were never paid by the FBI and that the story was fabricated deliberately to hinder U.S.–Mexico relations.
Tamaulipas officials submitted a response stating that Ramírez Olvera was legally handed over to the INM, and that by handing him over to the INM they were no longer liable for his legal status.
She said that an agent from the Tamaulipas State Police did show up early the day after Ramírez Olvera's arrest and was given a sealed envelope with paperwork on illegal aliens in Mexico.
The CNDH believes this and other contradictions highlight the culpability of Rodríguez Mata and the state police in the arbitrary arrest and expulsion of Ramírez Olvera.
When Rodríguez Mata was in the Tamaulipas State Police, she also protected the criminal activities of the Gulf Cartel kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén.
After leaving the police, Rodríguez Mata bought two houses in Reynosa and Monterrey, although she usually spent more of her time at the latter.
On 9 November 1999, Rodríguez Mata and several members of the Gulf Cartel were involved in an armed standoff in Matamoros with two U.S. federal agents after they traveled there with an informant to gather intelligence on the cartel's operations.
In the cartel, Rodríguez Mata was assigned to manage an international narcotics ring from Colombia and Guatemala to the U.S.-Mexico border with Texas.
The drugs she supervised were transported by land and guarded by corrupt members of the Tamaulipas State Police, some of whom she had worked with previously.
Once in Tamaulipas, the drugs were smuggled via the Reynosa corridor and into McAllen, Texas, before being sent to Dallas and Houston for further distribution.
The drugs were then redistributed through different locations in the U.S. interior, including to the states of California, Georgia, North Carolina, Illinois and New York.
According to the indictment, Rodríguez Mata was responsible for smuggling more than of marijuana and more than of cocaine between March and December of that year.
In 2004, the Mexican government estimated that the Gulf Cartel as a whole was responsible for smuggling over five tons of cocaine from Guatemala to Texas.
She served as the Gulf Cartel's link to other criminal groups in the U.S., Mexico, Colombia, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic.
According to her associates, she often met with criminal members at her house in the Las Fuentes neighborhood in Reynosa or traveled to meet business partners in person; she preferred to discuss and strike drug deals in person.
Outside of her organized crime career, she also ran multiple businesses, including auto repair shops, restaurants, real estate leasing agencies, and a fish farming company.
Rodríguez Mata is a particularly unusual figure in organized crime circles, given her involvement in a leadership position in the male-dominated Mexican drug trafficking industry.
In the cartel she had several aliases: La Tony, La Generala (The General), La Comandante (The Commander), La Vieja (The Old Woman), La Tia (The Aunt) and La Mandy.
The arrest was conducted in response to a U.S. extradition request; Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) confirmed that Rodríguez Mata was indeed a high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel and that she was wanted in the U.S. for drug trafficking.
At the moment of her arrest, Rodríguez Mata was walking with another person who investigators said was not involved in drug trafficking.
On 8 February, Rodríguez Mata was transferred from Monterrey to Mexico City and imprisoned at the Reclusorio Preventivo Femenil Norte, a women's prison, and placed under the jurisdiction of a penal judge.
At her initial hearing, she rejected all charges before Mexico City federal judge Arturo César Morales Ramírez, who had approved her arrest warrant in Mexico following the U.S. request.
On 7 February 2006, she was released from prison but rearrested by the PGR immediately outside the penitentiary and kept under their custody for 30 days.
That year Rodríguez Mata was among a handful of suspected Mexican criminals and drug traffickers awaiting transfer to the U.S. who had issued legal motions to prevent their transfer from Mexico.
The Secretariat of Public Security (SSP) confirmed that she was flown in a non-commercial plane from the Toluca International Airport to the McAllen-Miller International Airport.
Ambassador to Mexico Tony Garza said that Rodríguez Mata's extradition was a sign of collaboration between justice officials in Mexico and the U.S.
He reiterated that any person, including police officers, who violate the law and abuse citizens' trust would be brought to justice.
In early 2008, Rodríguez Mata pleaded guilty to two counts of drug trafficking related to shipments from northern Mexico to New York.
On 3 October 2008, she was sentenced to 102 months (eight and a half years) in a U.S. federal prison for her leadership role in an international drug trafficking and money laundering organization.
Since Rodríguez Mata had already served several years in prison both in Mexican and U.S. custody, she was expected to be released in about four years.
Earlier in the year, former Tamaulipas police commander Carlos Landín Martínez was also convicted in the U.S. for his drug trafficking role in the Gulf Cartel; Rodríguez Mata's time in the Tamaulipas State Police overlapped with his.
Rodríguez Mata was released from prison on 31 May 2013, after a little over four and a half years in custody.
In late 2014, Zeng registered with the Singapore Table Tennis Association with hopes to acquire Singaporean nationality and play for the Singapore national team.
The China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor (abbreviated as CCAWEC) is an economic and transportation corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative, a global economic connectivity program led by China.
It has since the 2nd Belt and Road Forum in 2019 become one of 35 corridors and project officially included in the BRI.
Academic researchers have variously included the countries of Central Asia, the Caucus, Middle East, Balkans and Turkey as part of the corridor.
A report on the BRI by the OECD in 2018 classifies the following long list of countries as part of the corridor: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, the Palestinian Authority, Romania, Serbia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
The China Railways Express, the first freight train to travel along the corridor, made its maiden trip in November 2019 from China (Xian) to Europe (Prague) in 18 days.
The railway service traveled from China to Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (passing through Istanbul's Marmaray Tunnel under the Bosphorus) before arriving in Central Europe.
A columnist for the Turkish newspaper Hurriyet saw the railway line as joining together with the BRI in the region and challenging Russia's own BRI connected corridor as a primary corridor from China to Europe.
She was a witness to the February 28 incident in 1947 which killed thousands in Taiwan and resulted in decades of martial law known as the White Terror.
She married another academic, Feng Tsuan Hua, around 1972 and they left for a couple of years to work in Massachusetts in the United States at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Whilst she was in charge she arranged an audit of the department and it was found that a radioactive source that was meant to be stored safely was missing.
The newspapers reported the problem and it was only when national bodies became involved that the radium - beryllium neutron source was found.
She continued to teach for twenty years, and she was cited as a role model for other women to study physics.
In 1927 coffee wilt disease (CWD) was first observed in Central African Republic (CAR) where it developed slowly and went on to cause two epidemics between the 1930s to 1960s.
External symptoms include loss of moisture on leaves, discoloration, leaf loss, dieback of infected region, swelling of trunks, cracks in mature trees and lastly plant death.
Signs of CWD include small blackish-brown perithecia caused by the sexual stage of the fungus from cracks in the bark which cause an observable bluish-black stain on the wood.
The fungal pathogen responsible for CWD can exist on coffee trees as Gibberella xylarioides, the sexual or perfect stage, or as Fusarium xylarioides, the asexual or imperfect stage.
CWD is spread by wind-born ascospores during its sexual stage or splash-borne conidia, where they land and can persist as a viable source of inoculum in the soil.
Coffee is a major cash crop, with over 2.5 million people directly depending on its production and trade as a livelihood.
Reduced coffee production causes decline of revenue for some African countries , which can also increase food insecurity and overall regression at grassroot level.
This disease causes a threat for coffee growers around the globe as the disease reduces the quantity and quality of the coffee.
Not only does this disease put an economic strain on countries that use coffee as a cash crop, but it also can lead to the rise of coffee prices for consumers everywhere.
Once disease is found, destruction of the coffee plant by cutting it at the ground level and burning it stops the spread of the infection to other plant.
Preventive measures for CWD infection are to avoid wounding of trees for example when removing control weeds, fertilizing soil or by grazing of any animals.
Additionally, maintaining plants’ health by using inorganic fertilizer, manure or mulch to conserve moisture are some ways to decrease the risk of CWD.
The 2019 Wrestling World Cup - Women's freestyle was the first of a set of three Wrestling World Cups in 2019 which were held in Narita, Japan on 16–17 November 2019.
The 1939 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
Zoospores are released from sporangium and blown via wind or rain splash and use free water on the leaf to germinate.
Sporangia are produced on the mycelium and can produce zoospores for asexual reproduction or an oogonium and antheridium for sexual reproduction.
Being careful not to over water, providing good drainage, air circulation, and proper potting media are helpful to prevent zoospores from having an optimal environment to move and infect.
The 1940 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 31st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
In 1913, she switched her studies from mathematics to civil engineering, and entered the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the University of Chile, being the only woman among all the students of that faculty.
In 1920, Acuña began working as a calculator in the Department of Roads and Works of the Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado.
During the course of her career at Empresa, she left a few times to raise her seven children, but always returned before retiring in 1954.
In 1991, the Justicia Acuña Mena Award was created; it is awarded every two years to an outstanding woman engineer in the practice of her profession.
The 1941 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 32nd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
The 1942 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 33rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
He served as the head football coach at Alabama A&M University in Normal, Alabama from 1937 to 1940, Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio in 1947, Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known as Alcorn State University—Claiborne County, Mississippi from 1948 to 1956, and Bishop College in Marshall, Texas and Dallas from 1957 to 1973.
Fisher was also the head basketball coach at Alabama A&M from 1937 to 1939 and Alcorn A&M from 1948 to 1956.
The 1943 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 34th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
The East Hokkaido Cranes formed in April 2019, as a phoenix club following the demise of the Nippon Paper Cranes franchise.
The Paper Cranes had previously existed for 70 years; however, their owners, Nippon Paper Industries, announced in December 2018 that the team would be put up for sale as a result of corporate streamlining and declining revenues.
The East Hokkaido Ice Hockey Club LLC, led by Tanaka Shigeki, announced that they had secured ¥125 million of founding, enabling the establishment of the new team.
Asia League Ice Hockey chairman Sumio Kobayashi announced on 23 April 2019 that the new franchise would join the league, replacing the Paper Cranes, whilst retaining 15 players and playing out of the same arena.
The Cranes played their first regular season game on 31 August 2019, losing 3–2 to the Nikkō Ice Bucks, with forward Taiga Irikura scoring the first goal in franchise history.
She independently released an extended play and studio album before signing a record deal with indie label Reviver Records in 2018.
Arts was nominated for the Discovery Artist Award by the Canadian Country Music Association in 2016 and has received multiple awards from the subsidiary Saskatchewan Country Music Association.
Arts was raised in her hometown of Weyburn, Saskatchewan, where she began taking lessons in piano and singing, and developed an interest in songwriting in her teenage years.
She was awarded the Emerging Artists Award from the Saskatchewan Country Music Association and was nominated for the Discovery Artist program from the Canadian Country Music Association, both in 2016, for her burgeoning success.
Exposure from the show led to increased interest in Arts's music and a record deal from indie label Reviver Records, which she signed in March 2018.
The Duluth City Public Links Golf Tournament (often shortened to Duluth Publinx) was conducted from 1927 to 1962 and determined annually the public course golf champion of Duluth, Minnesota.
Amateur Public Links Championship and the Minnesota State Public Links Championship, the Duluth Publinx was closed to golfers with playing privileges at a golf club not open to the general public.
The first Duluth Publinx tournament was held over Labor Day weekend in September of 1927 at Enger Park Golf Course and sponsored by the Duluth Municipal Amateur Athletic Association.
Against 21 other competitors, Oscar Erickson was the first winner of the tournament shooting rounds of 87 and 86 for a total score of 173 over 36 holes.
By 1931, Campbell was one of the best golfers in the state winning two Minnesota state amateur titles among his many tournament wins during the 1930s before quitting the game at the start of World War II.
Newspaper accounts do not reflect on the details behind the high scores shot during the tournament (Erickson was a Minnesota State Amateur Championship contender in 1930) but one can speculate that the course was probably still immature with construction having begun just a year before.
Oscar Erickson would not defend his title in 1928 having joined the private Ridgeview County Club and becoming ineligible to compete.
Months after his 1941 Duluth Publinx victory, Johnson joined the U.S. Air Corps after Pearl Harbor and was killed in action at the age of 27 in June of 1943 in the Pacific Theater.
The Duluth News-Tribune and the Duluth Herald sponsored a replacement trophy for the tournament which was retired in 1952 after Bob Braff had won the tournament for a third time.
The Duluth City Public Links Golf Tournament was considered for many years one of the more prestigious tournaments for Duluth-area golfers.
In response, a major change was introduced which allowed golfers with membership at a private club to compete for the Public Links title.
The immediate result was an increase in participation with Dave Vosika of Ridgeview Country Club and Leo Spooner of Northland Country Club winning titles from 1960-1962.
But, with the inclusion of private course golfers, the tournament distinctiveness was lost and the title of public course champion was distorted.
In 1963, North Lakes Golf Association (NLGA) officials decided to merge the Duluth City Public Links and the Duluth All-City Golf Tournament into one large event to be known as the All-City Championships.
NLGA officials hoped that one big tournament open to all golfers regardless of club membership or skill would stimulate public interest and renew participant interest.
However, the Duluth City Public Links Golf Tournament was abandoned after a 36 year-run and, with its demise, ended the oldest and longest running consecutively-held golf tournament in the city of Duluth at the time.
Barium carbide (also referred to as Barium ethynediide or Barium acetylide) is a chemical compound in the carbide family with the chemical formula CBa.
Barium carbide was first synthesized as an impure compound in the Soviet Union in 1986 by reducing Barium carbonate powder with metallic Magnesium in the presence of Carbon-14.
The 1959 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
The fountain is located at the Largo do Queimado, a broad public square, below the Church and Convent of Our Lady of Solitude.
The fountain likely dates to the early 19th century and is one of a series of fountains built along the escarpment of the historical center of Salvador.
The Companhia do Queimado, a utility company and dam created by the state of Bahia in the mid-19th century, is unrelated to the fountain.
A stone pinnacle with the figure of a pelican is located above the pediment, and stone urns to the left and right.
The Queimado Fountain was listed as a historic structure by the State of Bahia via the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1984 under decree number 30.483/84.
He had two sons, Commander Walter Browne Woodson, Jr., U.S. Navy, and Commander Halford Woodson, U.S. Navy, (11 February 1921 - 9 April 1999), and a daughter, Ruth Halford Woodson.
Dates of Rank: Ensign - 31 Jan 1907; Lieutenant - 31 Jan 1910; Lieutenant Commander - 29 Aug 1916; Commander - 3 June 1921; Captain - 7 Sept 1927; Rear Admiral - 20 June 1938; Naval Aide to the President from 7 Sept 1937 to 20 June 1938.
Woodson served as flag secretary to Admiral DeWitt Coffman, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Third Division, Battleship Squadron, 1913-1916, then as commanding officer of the 6th Division, 1916, and commanding officer, Battleships and Battleship Force, 1917.
He died Friday evening, 23 April 1948, at his home, 536 A Avenue, Coronado, California, at age 66 after a short illness.
3 are historic sites in or near Hamlet, Nebraska which were separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
The house, built in 1876, has also been known as Estelle Post Office and Store; the school, built in 1884, has also been known as Estelle School.
Born in Rome, Aliquò attended the Silvio D'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Arts and began acting on stage during the early 1980s.
He has taken part in events such as Festival dei Due Mondi and he has starred in plays directed by Aldo Trionfo, Pino Quartullo and Gabriele Lavia, among others.
The 2019 America East Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from November 3 through November 10, 2019.
The defending champions were the Albany Great Danes, who were unable to defend their title after losing in the Quarterfinals to Hartford.
Procaris noelensis is a species of shrimp, a single specimen having been described by Bruce & Davie from a freshwater/tidally influenced cave system on Christmas Island in 2006.
This species is widely separated geographically from other members of its genus and may be a relict species from the Mesozoic fauna of the Tethys Ocean, with Christmas Island being its refugium.
This theory is reinforced by the fact that it was found living in sympatry with a hippolytid shrimp and an atyid shrimp, the latter coming from another ancient lineage and often found inhabiting anchialine systems.
This species is known from a single female individual, the holotype, found in an anchialine cave where saltwater intrudes into the karst limestone.
The 1972 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
Steven Romo is a news anchor and general assignment reporter for the Disney-owned ABC News station KTRK Channel 13 in Houston.
He also appeared on Good Morning America in 2019 alongside Michael Strahan and Sara Haines to support charities that fight poverty in the Houston area.
While reporting in Oklahoma, he was nominated for two Emmy Awards for his work covering the 2015 Oklahoma State University homecoming parade crash.
He became musketeer at the Rosens regiment in imperial service in 1683, entered as fähnrich (Officer candidate) in Swedish service at 1685, became lieutenant at regiment in 1687 and captain there in 1689 In the same year he joined William of Orange and participated in Flanders campaigns.
In 1691 he became major at Vilhelm of the Saxony-Gotha regiment and participated with this in the Allies' campaign on the Rhine.
In 1694, Albedyl became Colonel of the Brandenburg-Kulmbach regiment in the service of the Republic of Venice and proved under the command of Field Marshal Adam Heinrich von Steinau the Italian camps in the following years.
He joined the regiment in Saxon service in 1696 and was arrested in Dresden in June 1700 after the Great Nordic War outbreak since he refused to participate in the war against Sweden.
At the same time, he was convicted in Sweden of life, honor and goods for failing to obey the order for a position in Swedish service.
However, this was soon forgotten, and after having been [Major General] and resigned from Saxon service in March 1702, Albedyl joined the Swedish army in Warsaw May 22, 1702 and followed it during the following campaign there.
Albedyl was laid off to Riga in October of that year and from there went to Hannover in the spring of 1704.
On November 9, 1707 he became the chief of Swedish service and head of a recruited German dragon regiment, set up by Henrik Vilhelm von Görtz.
He became Major General of the Cavalry on November 15, 1712, Major General of the Infantry and commander of the Jönköping Regiment 1714.
In 1716 he was released from Danish captivity against the castle, became Lieutenant General of the infantry, and participated in the 1718 Norwegian campaign, during which he was given command of the so-called Warmland Corps.
He was elevated to a free-standing position on March 2, 1720, resigned from the Swedish service in 1724 and became commander in 1725 in Hamburg.
Carolyn Jane Maitland (born 22 September 1983), known professionally as Carolyn Maitland, is a British actress, West End singer and performer best known for playing Marian Halcolme in The Woman in White at the Charing Cross Theatre in London, directed by Thom Southerland.
She veers close to opera (as does the largely sung-through show from beginning to end) but that’s a compliment in a production of this ambition.
She was born of the Isle of Wight and went to Cowes High School and now lives in London with her fiancé who she met on Mamma Mia.
That led to creating the role of Rose and understudying Rebecca Thornhill in the role of Karen Holmes in From Here to Eternity at the Shaftesbury Theatre, London in 2013.
Carolyn was directed as Ellen by Claude-Michel Schönberg, Alain Boublil and Cameron Mackintosh three days before opening night when Miss Carroll became sick and couldn't perform.
Groundhog Day premiered in London in 2016 at The Old Vic in London where Carolyn created the role of Joelle and understudied the part of Rita Hanson.
Maitland pulled out before rehearsals due to disagreements with the producer and the production company Wonderland the Musical Ltd regarding her contract.
In 2020 she will be playing the role of Rebecca Hershkowitz in the Park Theatre's production of Rags the Musical playing opposite Dave Willetts who will be playing Avram.
Wolfgang Kunkel (1902-1981) was a prominent German historian of Roman law, who stressed the importance of Roman social history in understanding Roman law and institutions.
Born in Fürth, Germany, Kunkel studied law and history at the Goethe University Frankfurt, the University of Giessen, and the University of Berlin.
He received his doctorate in 1924 at the University of Freiburg and his Habilitation in 1926 (both were directed by Professor Ernst Levy).
During World War II he served as a judge in the German Army, where he followed his own ethical principles and was able to prevent several injustices.
After the end of the war, he took up his position at the University of Heidelberg and then was appointed Rector of the University of Heidelberg in 1947/1948.
He moved to the University of Munich in 1956 and renamed the Institute for Papyrus Research and Ancient Legal History the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research in honor of the Austrian historian of Roman law Leopold Wenger (also an Anti-Nazi).
After his retirement in 1970, his former student Dieter Nörr succeeded him as director of the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research.
She is a founding board member of the Contemporary Image Collective (CiC), an independent non-profit space for art and culture founded in Cairo in 2004.
In 2004 Maamoun founded independent non-profit space for art and culture Contemporary Image Collective (CiC) in Cairo, becoming its founding board member.
Maamoun was the co-curator of International Visual Arts Festival PhotoCairo3 in Cairo in 2005 and assistant curator for Meeting Points 5 in Berlin in 2007.
In 2014 she curated shows at Sharjah Art Gallery at the American University of Cairo and film program in Wiener Festwochen at Künstlerhaus in Vienna.
The same year she moderated ‘Projections’ panel discussion on independent cinema and screening platforms during the 2018 March Meeting in Sharjah.
She is interested in social conditioning and how the visual presentation of places and environments is expanded to appeal to different audiences.
Her work deals with circulation and function of images in vernacular culture, reframing these as tools for critical insights and analysis.
Her recent video works consider the capacity of images to function critically in a variety of political, social and cultural contexts.
Maamoun is specifically interested in urban fabric of her home city Cairo, drawing attention in her photographic works to the visual contradictions that surround her.
She reflects on generic and overused national symbols and the ways in which they have been appropriated to construct personal narratives and collective histories.
Since 2007 she is working on projects that take as their starting point the Pyramids of Giza as a visual and literary image.
The street lights with an abnormal intensity in the daytime scene and the oversaturated color of well-worn grass and strangled foliage looks unnatural in this notoriously polluted urban hub.
She discovered that a lot of the scenes by the pyramids are quite politically charged and tied to distinct chapters in Egypt’s modern history.
The film starts with the most recent scenes, descends back to the oldest scene, and then ascends up again to the present.
Such chronology gives the film its emotional structure and rhythm as the drama engulfing the pyramids gradually rises and falls with time.
The films moves back and forth between cinematic story by El-Wardany, filmed in Cairo, and the scenes produced with Shaaban in India where is reads a selection of her letters, the camera moving between her and her private and public surroundings.
The film suggests power relations were so up-ended by the revolution that people even started questioning the categories that separate animals from human.
The film appeared as a result of a regular visit by Maamoun to one of the many public notary offices in Egypt when she saw state functionaries saying prayers from soiled and aging sheets of paper.
Calling to our higher selves, our finer temperaments, our sense of forgiveness, and reminding us of the brevity of this material world, these prayers project a parallel world-view to the highly regulated material world of notary offices.
Her work was also shown in biennials and festivals including the 6th Dak’art Biennale, Dakar; Bamaco 03, Mali; 9th Gwangju Biennale; Sharjah Biennial 10; Transmediale 2014, Berlin and 64th Berlinale, Berlin.
According to Richard Abel, it provides one of the most complete sources of cultural history in France just prior to World War I.
Serpil Midyatli (born 8 August 1975) is a German politician, deputy leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and chairwoman of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein.
Since the 2009 election Midyatli is a member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein, where she is deputy leader of the SPD parliamentary group.
In March 2019 Midyatli became leader of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein, succeeding Ralf Stegner to be the first woman in the office.
Guadalupe Valencia Nieto (born June 4, 1938), better known as Tita Valencia, is a Mexican novelist, poet, screenwriter, pianist, and cultural manager.
After graduating, she earned a postgraduate degree at the École Normale de Musique de Paris, and offered concerts in prominent venues, such as the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City.
The men's 56 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 23 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
It started when Barrio San Antón residents united to oppose plans by municipal authorities to re-zonify the San Antón area that would had resulted in the replacement of their existing mix of wooden and concrete neighborhood homes and the construction, instead, of multi-story residential buildings.
It is held at placita Pedro Arce of Barrio San Antón, Ponce, Puerto Rico.It takes place on over 10 days, sometimes on a weekend (3 days).
The festival generated tremendous interest, and other Puerto Rico municipalities have started their own bomba and plena festivals, including Dorado, Aguas Buenas, Loiza, and Mayagüez.
At times the venue for the activity has been changed to other locations in the municipality, such as Paseo Tablado La Guancha.
The Moody Center is an upcoming multi-purpose arena currently under construction located on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas.
The arena is being built south of Mike A. Meyers Soccer Stadium and slated to open in 2022 as the replacement to Frank Erwin Center.
In 2018, it was announced that Oak View Group and the University of Texas had agreed to build a new $338 million arena for the Texas Longhorns basketball program to replace the Frank Erwin Center.
The new arena will be named the Moody Center after the Moody Foundation who is contributing $130 million towards the construction.
Construction now underway, the groundbreaking ceremony took place just south of Mike A. Myers Soccer Stadium on December 3, 2019 with completion expected to occur in 2022.
Di Toro earned her Bachelor of Arts from Wesleyan University in 1989, her Master of Philosophy from the University of Oxford in 1991, her Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1997 and her Master of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center in 1999.
She later joined the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia as a staff attorney in the Trial and Special Litigation Divisions.
In 2004, she joined the Children’s Law Center where she served as Legal Director helping children and families get access to health care, education and permanent homes to those in need.
President Barack Obama nominated Di Toro on February 3, 2011, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Judith E. Retchin.
Of these, 98.3% spoke Russian, 0.4% Polish, 0.3% Tatar, 0.2% German, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.2% Mordvin, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
The 2019–20 American Athletic Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2019 followed by the start of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November.
After buildings were erected on the former gardens in 1671, an open pathway was opened toward Place Dauphine between Rue de Harlay and the .
An extension project of the Palais de Justice, declared of public interest by an order dated 26 May 1840, aimed to demolish the houses located at odd numbers in order to clear the view on the new buildings.
He has donated over GB£3 million to the Conservative Party, and organised fundraisers for Boris Johnson while Johnson was Mayor of London.
In July 2019 he was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2019 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours and was named by Boris Johnson as the new Treasurer of the Conservative Party.
Academy of Fine Arts Sarajevo (, acronym: ALU) is a faculty within the University of Sarajevo in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, dedicated to the fine arts.
It was established in 1972 as a high-educational institution, by eminent science workers, professors and culture milieu who were educated primarily in Belgrade, Ljubljana and Zagreb and have already been aclaimed artists at the time.
Newly established Academy of Fine Arts Sarajevo was located at the building of Pedagogical Academy in Sarajevo at first, and the object of today's ALU was first and only Evangelist church in the times of Austro-Hungarian occupation of BiH.
The object was proclaimed cultural-historical monument and is included in the list of protected objects by Institute for protection of cultural-historical and natural heritage.
Muhamed Karamehmedović (art historian and first ALU dean), Nada Pivac (academic painter), Mersad Berber (academic painter), Boro Aleksić (academic painter), Alija Kučukalić (academic sculptor), Zdenko Grgić (academic sculptor) – are some names of famous professors-founders of Academy of Fine Arts Sarajevo.
, the Academy has 2,666 enrolled students since its establishment and by May 2012 it records 1,212 graduates of undergraduate study.
38-meter abridging structure costed about two million KM, and was done by idea/conceptual solution (preliminary design) of then students at the second year of Product Design at ALU: Amila Hrustić, Adnan Alagić and Bojan Kanlić.
The 2012 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 28 October 2012, St. Vincent's won the championship following a 0-12 to 0-11 defeat of St. Michael's in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
The 2013 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the eighth staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 13 October 2013, Clyda Rovers won the championship following a 0-13 to 0-08 defeat of Macroom in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
Tanzanian troops attacked the Ugandan positions in the hills, and though they suffered heavy casualties in an ambush, they successfully captured them by the end of the day.
The attack was eventually repulsed, and Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere, unsatisfied with Amin's refusal to renounce his claims to Tanzanian territory and the international community's failure to strongly condemn the invasion, ordered his forces to advance into southern Uganda with the aim of capturing the towns of Masaka and Mbarara.
The fighting was fierce, and 24 Tanzanian soldiers were killed when Ugandan troops ambushed a battalion at Kajurungusi that was trying to pursue them.
The ambush remained one of the few military operations well-executed by the Uganda Army during the entire war, while the casualties the Tanzanians suffered represented their largest loss in a single engagement.
In 1971 Colonel Idi Amin launched a military coup that overthrew the President of Uganda, Milton Obote, precipitating a deterioration of relations with the neighbouring state of Tanzania.
On 1 November he announced the annexation of the Kagera Salient, an 1800 square kilometre (720 square mile) strip of land between the Ugandan border and the Kagera River.
Uganda Army troops subsequently pillaged the area they occupied, murdering civilians, stealing cattle, and destroying property, triggering the flight of 40,000 inhabitants southward.
In January 1979 the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) seized the Ugandan border town of Mutukula to counter any further threats to Kagera.
Though many international actors were sympathetic with the Tanzanian position, numerous African states and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) strongly encouraged Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere to exercise restraint and not act beyond defending his territory.
He had originally not intended to expand the war, but with Amin refusing to renounce his claims to Tanzanian territory and the OAU's criticism of the Kagera invasion being muted, he decided that Tanzanian forces should occupy southern Uganda—specifically the two major towns of Masaka and Mbarara.
The TPDF assigned the 201st, the 207th, and the 208th Brigades to attack Masaka, while the 206th Brigade led by Brigadier Silas Mayunga was instructed to move on Mbarara.
Whereas the Tanzanian forces fighting towards Masaka enjoyed considerable success—particularly at the Battle of Simba Hills—the 206th Brigade struggled in its advance along twisting roads through rough, hilly terrain.
The situation was further complicated by the fact that some Ugandan troops were fleeing away from the front lines to Mbarara while reinforcements were being deployed from Mbarara towards the Tanzanian border.
On 20 February the 206th Brigade, bolstered by a group of Ugandan rebels, occupied the villages of Murema, Kasese and Kigaragara.
Close to Lake Nakivale, the road crossed rougher terrain and the Ugandan 2nd Paratrooper Battalion entrenched themselves and set-up an ambush at Kajurungusi, which lay west of the lake.
Fearful that he may have been leading his men into a trap, Nshimani paused before a bend in the road to ask an old man if he had seen any Ugandan soldiers nearby.
The man was working with the Ugandans and thus lied to Nshimani, telling him that all the Ugandan troops had retreated from the area.
For most of the rest of the day the remainder of the battalion held its position, exchanging fire while two other Tanzanian battalions sent by Mayunga moved to outflank the Ugandans.
The fighting was intense, and at some points soldiers resorted to hand-to-hand combat, while the Tanzanians brought up tanks to reinforce their position.
Once the Tanzanians' flanking manoeuvre was achieved the two battalions were able to put enough pressure on the Ugandans to allow Nshimani to withdraw his men to higher ground.
The casualties the Tanzanians suffered in the battle were the largest they lost in a single engagement over the course of the conflict.
In the battle's aftermath the TPDF slowed its advance on Masaka and Mbarara, engaging groups of Ugandan soldiers along the way.
Nyerere originally planned to halt his forces in southern Ugandan and allow the Ugandan rebels to attack Kampala and overthrow Amin, as he feared that scenes of Tanzanian troops occupying the city would reflect poorly on his country's image abroad.
However, Ugandan rebel forces did not have the strength to defeat Libyan troops sent to Amin's aid, so Nyerere decided to use the TPDF to take Kampala.
The 2014 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the ninth staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 19 October 2014, Valley Rovers won the championship following a 0-12 to 0-08 defeat of Na Piarsaigh in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
His Polish Ukrainian grandfather was imprisoned in a gulag in Siberia during World War 2, until he was allowed to leave to fight with the British Army after the Soviet Union joined the allies.
Stafford grew up in Ealing Broadway and was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing, where he was Deputy Head Boy.
He studied at Oxford University where he served as President of the Newman Society and President of the Oxford University Conservative Association (in Michaelmas Term of 2007).
Stafford's political career began when he was elected to Ealing Council in West London, where he has represented the ward of Ealing Broadway since 2014.
He was elected in the 2019 general election, becoming the first non-Labour MP to represent Rother Valley in the 101 year history of the constituency.
When swearing in to the House of Commons, he crossed his fingers to protest having to affirm allegiance to the monarchy.
Richard John Holden is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for North West Durham since the 2019 general election.
After graduation, he joined Conservative Campaign Headquarters in 2007, where he worked initially as a data administrator before becoming a press officer.
After the election, he became the special adviser to former Leader of the House of Lords Tina Stowell, Baroness Stowell of Beeston before working as a special adviser to former Secretary of State for Defence Michael Fallon between October 2016 and April 2017.
Holden became a special adviser to former Secretary of State for Transport Chris Grayling in December 2018 before working as a special adviser to Secretary of State for Education Gavin Williamson from August to November 2019.
Holden was elected as the MP for North West Durham in the 2019 general election with a majority of 1,144 votes.
It had previously been a notionally safe Labour seat as it had been represented by a member of the party since 1950.
He is in a relationship with Charlotte Ivers, the politics producer for radio station Talkradio and former special adviser to 10 Downing Street.
Sara Alice Britcliffe is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hyndburn since the 2019 general election.
At the age of 24, she was the youngest Conservative MP elected in the election, and the first to represent the constituency since 1992.
Britcliffe served in the ceremonial role of mayoress between 2017 and 2018 alongside her father who was the mayor on the Hyndburn Borough Council.
She was elected as a councillor for the ward of St. Andrews (previously represented by her father) in the 2018 Hyndburn Borough Council election.
Britcliffe received criticism in the weeks following her victory after she was photographed wearing a T-shirt with a picture of her predecessor, Graham Jones, printed on it.
Daisy Cooper is a British Liberal Democrat politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for St Albans at the 2019 general election.
Before becoming an MP, Cooper worked in Commonwealth affairs, for VSO, for the Hacked Off campaign for victims of press abuse, and for the cross-party group More United.
She stood again in 2019, winning the seat from the Conservative MP, Anne Main, who had held the seat since 2005. Cooper became the first Liberal Democrat MP for the constituency.
3(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl) propionic acid commonly referred to as dihydrocaffeic acid or DHCA is a phytochemical derived from a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation, composed of Concord grape juice, grape seed extract and trans-resveratrol.
DHCA is known to lower IL-6 production through down regulation of DNMT1 expression and inhibition of DNA methylation of the IL-6 gene in mice.
DHCA/Mal-gluc also significantly lowered depression like phenotypes in mice that had increased peripheral inflammation caused by transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from other more stress-susceptible mice.
Stephen Mark Flynn is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen South since the 2019 general election.
He currently is the head football coach at Urbana High School in Urbana, Illinois, a position he has held since 2017.
Walker served as the head football coach at Greenville University in Greenville, Illinois from 2010 to 2012 and Bluefield College in Bluefield, Virginia from 2013 to 2016.
Rhonda Rhoads (born October 12, 1950) is an American politician who served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 70th district from 2010 to 2016.
Miriam Joy Cates is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Penistone & Stocksbridge at the 2019 general election.
She studied genetics at the University of Cambridge, obtained a Postgraduate Certificate in Education from Sheffield Hallam University, and worked as a science teacher in a school in Sheffield.
She supported the UK remaining within the European Union in the 2016 UK EU membership referendum but during the election campaign she commented that she had since changed her mind and now supported Brexit.
Cates was elected as MP in the 2019 general election with a majority of 7,210 (14.5%) on a swing of 8.6% from Labour to the Conservatives.
After her election, it was reported that a mobile app launched in 2014 by Redemption Media, a company co-owned by Cates and her husband, charged foodbanks for the services that it provided.
Cates commented on this by stating that the app had been developed for free, and that the first foodbank to use it had not been charged.
After the app was expanded to other foodbanks, there was a set-up charge which was used to help cover development and training costs, and that by joining the app they also received a complimentary subscription to JustGiving.
Alicia Straub is an American politician who is a member of the Kansas House of Representatives representing the 113th district since March 19, 2019.
A resident of Ellinwood, Kansas, she was selected by Republican precinct committee members on March 12, 2019 to succeed former Rep. Greg Lewis (R), who resigned due to health issues.
Laura Kelly to the seat on March 14 and was sworn-in by Kansas Secretary of State Scott Schwab on March 19.
Prior to her election to the House of Representatives, she served as a county commissioner in Barton County, Kansas and was the commission chairman from January to March 2019.
She resigned from the county commission from a meeting on March 18, 2019, in order to take her seat in the Kansas Legislature.
During the party convention, Representative Straub received 51 votes, with 22 votes going to Doug Keesling, a farmer from Rice County, Kansas and 18 votes going to Donna Hoener-Queal, a retired court services officer from Pratt, Kansas.
David Timothy Simmonds CBE MP is a British Conservative politician serving as Member of Parliament for Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner since 2019.
A graduate of Durham University, David Simmonds’ professional background is in financial services, where he worked for several high street banks after qualifying with the Chartered Institute of Insurers in 1997.
Elected a councillor for the London Borough of Hillingdon in 1998, he has served in hung and majority administrations as a committee chairman and Cabinet Member with responsibilities including planning, housing, social services, and education and children’s services.
He led work for the Local Government Association in a number of high profile areas including children's services, education, immigration and Brexit, serving as Conservative Group Leader and Deputy Chairman of the organisation representing councils.
His previous service includes as Chairman of the National Employer’s Organisation for Schoolteachers (NEOST) and of the European Federation of Education Employers (EFEE), as an active member of the Committee of the Regions and leader of the UK Conservative delegation there and at the Congress of the Council of Europe.
He is particularly well known for his work on refugee children and led the implementation of the Vulnerable Persons Relocation Scheme (VPRS) with then-Home Secretary Theresa May to resettle vulnerable refugees to areas of the UK volunteering to take them in.
He is Deputy Chairman and formerly Treasurer of the Conservative Councillors Association, and served as an associate non-executive director in his local NHS and as a magistrate in North-West London.
He stepped down as Deputy Leader of Hillingdon Council and as Deputy Chairman of the LGA following his election to Parliament.
Paula Barker (born 9 May 1972) is a British Labour Party politician who was elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Wavertree at the 2019 general election.
Before election, Mrs Barker was a Unison trade union official as the North West Regional Convenor as well as the leader of her local government branch in Halton, Cheshire.
Her dad was diagnosed with cancer and passed away two weeks before her second birthday, leaving her mum to raise her as a single parent.
She eventually moved from Liverpool City Council for a promotion at neighbouring Knowsley Council to work in Customer Services where she spent around four years before she took up a brief stint working in prisons helping to rehabilitate inmates ready for work.
She held a variety of roles in her local branch before becoming Branch Secretary and then for the last 5 years prior to her election to Parliament she has been the North West Regional Convenor for UNISON, the most senior lay official for the union.
Her work on protecting workers/ rights across the North West has been widely covered in the media and during her time with the union she has built a reputation as being a tough negotiator, strong relationship builder and unafraid to tackle injustice and inequality.
For the three years prior to her election victory she was also a member of the North West TUC (Trades Union Council) Executive Committee.
In 2002, she married Mike Barker who is a senior executive director for both Oldham Council and Oldham Clinical Commissioning Group.
The 1983 FIA European Endurance Championship for Drivers was the seventh season and third iteration of the European Sportscar Championship auto racing series.
It was contested by drivers competing in Group C sports cars, Group C Junior sports cars, and Group B GT cars in eight race events from 10 April to 23 October 1983.
The European championship was held in conjunction with the 1983 World Endurance Championship, sharing the first five race events before departing for outside Europe.
The Monza round was shared with the Italian Championship Group 6, although their race lasted only 14 laps and the cars did not complete the full endurance race distance.
The Nürburgring round allowed additional Group B entries meeting the under regulations to compete but they were not eligible for championship points and are therefore not listed here.
All three classes competed for the same points in overall classification, but Group C Junior and Group B competitors were awarded additional points for any finish in the overall top ten.
The 2019 Iranian protests are a series of civil protests occurring in multiple cities across Iran, initially from the 200% increase in fuel prices but later extended to an outcry against the current government in Iran and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
The protests commenced in the evening of 15 November and within hours spread to 21 cities as videos of the protest began to circulate online.
The Iranian government employed lethal tactics in order to shut down the protests including a nationwide internet shutdown, shooting protesters dead from rooftops, helicopters, and at close range with machine gun fire.
The government crack down prompted a violent reaction from protesters who destroyed 731 government banks including Iran's central bank, nine Islamic religious centers, tore down anti-American billboards, and posters and statues of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
This series of protests have been categorized as the most violent and severe since the rise of Iran's Islamic Republic in 1979.
In order to block the sharing of information regarding the protests and the deaths of hundreds of protesters on social media platforms, the government blocked the Internet nationwide, resulting in a near-total internet blackout of around six days.
John Chastain Zody (born March 31, 1977) is an American public servant, educator, and politician who has been the Chair of the Indiana Democratic Party since March 2013.
Zody is also an adjunct instructor at the Indiana University O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, teaching classes on electoral law and processes.
Zody was previously the Great Lakes-Mid Atlantic Political Director on the 2012 re-election campaign of President Barack Obama, and formerly served as Chief of Staff for U.S. Representative Baron Hill from Indiana’s Ninth Congressional District from 2009-2011.
On November 14, 2019, Zody announced that he would be a 2020 Democratic candidate for Indiana State Senate in the 40th District, which includes most of Monroe County, Indiana.
In 1999, Zody began service in Indiana state government, working in community development before serving as the Deputy Director of Communications and Planning for the late Governor Frank O'Bannon.
In 2004, Zody began working for Ivy Tech Community College, where he had duties in workforce development and civic engagement – and later in resource development for the college’s Bloomington campus.
For his service in state government, Zody was awarded two Sagamores of the Wabash, at the time the highest honor bestowed by a governor on an Indiana citizen.
Following Congressman Baron Hill’s re-election to the U.S. House of Representatives, Zody served as Hill’s District Director and then as Chief of Staff in the 110th Congress.
In 2012, Zody served on the re-election campaign of President Barack Obama as the Great Lakes-Mid Atlantic Political Director, where he had political duties in nine states and the District of Columbia.
On March 16, 2013, Zody was unanimously elected Chair of the Indiana Democratic Party, where he has focused on growing the Party statewide by working with volunteers, county and district party organizations to recruit candidates for local, state and federal office.
In the 2018 and 2019 Indiana elections, the Indiana Democratic Party ran more first-time, female and millennial candidates than ever before, and elected a historically diverse group of candidates to local office in the 2019 municipal elections.
Zody also serves as a member of the Democratic National Committee and is on the DNC Rules & Bylaws Committee, supporting and helping craft portions of the major reforms to the Party following the 2016 Presidential election.
In November 2019, Zody announced his 2020 candidacy for Indiana State Senate, District 40, which covers most of Monroe County, Indiana.
In the announcement, he promised to be an advocate for the district to fight for livable wages, voting rights and environmental sustainability, while pushing to fully fund early childhood and public education, as well as working to expand the right to vote in Indiana and eliminating partisan gerrymandering.
Zody’s community activities include action in historic preservation, professional development, and service in Bloomington Rotary, the City of Bloomington Board of Zoning Appeals and on the Alumni Board at the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs.
He has also served as Vice Chair of the Monroe County Democratic Party and is a graduate and distinguished alumni awardee of Leadership Bloomington-Monroe County.
Joanna Mary Gideon MP (born 7 November 1952) is a British Conservative Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stoke-on-Trent Central constituency since the 2019 general election.
Gideon earned a degree from the University of Birmingham, and has worked in higher education as a small business owner and a ‘social entrepreneur.
She was a founding member of the North Shore Pro Musica chamber ensemble, and a longtime cello teacher on Long Island.
Olga Zilboorg was born and raised in Mexico City, one of the three daughters of James M. Zilboorg and Eugenia Helfman Zilboorg.
While at Kansas, she won the Naftzger Award, which offered a cash prize from a promising young artist and a guest solo with the Wichita Symphony.
After graduating from the Manhattan School in 1957 she joined the St. Louis Symphony, where she was one its first woman members.
In 1962-1963 she gave debut recitals at the Wigmore Hall in London, the Brahms-Saal at the Musikverein in Vienna and Carnegie Recital Hall in New York.
After 1965 she devoted much of her time to teaching cello privately on Long Island, later joining the faculty of the Stony Brook University Pre-College Music Program.
She was a founding member of North Shore Pro Musica chamber ensemble in 1981, and performed with the Long Island Philharmonic.
The Irvines had a daughter, Tatiana Irvine, and a son, Thomas A. Irvine, who is a music academic at the University of Southampton in the UK.
It combines animated characters with moving text and was written and narrated by poet Taylor Mali, who led teams to four championships in the National Poetry Slam (United States).
At the 2006 Wordstock Festival, Portland's big literary celebration, Priestley joined a sidebar workshop where two dozen people were waiting to hear Taylor Mali speak.
I immediately fell in love with this poem and desperately tried to connect with Mali after the reading but he was occupied by vending supervisors who would not allow him to sell his books.
That same day, I found Mali’s email address online and sent him a message, following up with many more messages, drawings, videos and gifts.
He recorded a new version of the poem in his apartment, sent it to me and I used it to design the storyboard and timing for Missed Aches.
She immediately saw the possibilities of adding animated text to the backgrounds of Missed Aches and hired Kinkley to do the animation.
They went on to collaborate on five more films: Eye Liner (2010), Split Ends (2013), Bottle Neck (2015), North of Blue (2018, feature), and Jung & Restless (2020).
Priestley had always wanted to work with famed Canadian composer/sound designer Normand Roger, who spent 40 years creating soundtracks for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) in Montreal, Canada.
She contacted his wife, filmmaker and National Film Board of Canada Executive Producer Marcy Page who was a friend and that paved the way for Priestley to collaborate with Normand Roger.
Roger collaborated on the sound design and music with award-winning composer Pierre Yves Drapeau and with accomplished composer Denis Chartrand on the music.
Designing Your Life: How to Build a Well-Lived, Joyful Life is a book by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans that aims to help readers organize themselves through journaling and design thinking.
These creative and thought provoking exercises allow the reader to reflect on their life and determine what they should do with their future.
The book asks the reader to reflect on four areas of life: health, work, play, and love, and to gauge each of them on a scale of 1-10.
This self analysis is done in order for the reader to get a sense of what aspects of their life need the most (or least) attention.
This chapter includes the first real journaling exercise where the reader is asked to write down their day to day activities.
This is done in the hopes that the reader gains a sense of what activities are important to them and which ones seem unnecessary.
This chapter places an emphasis on aiding those who feel stuck in life, whether it be an undesirable job or schoolwork.
In order for the reader to find interest in life, the book proclaims that conducting a mind map for day to day activities along with the exercise from the chapter before it can help readers find activities that they may find more interesting.
The book once again proclaims the power of journaling and offers sample charts on how the reader should plan their future.
It proclaims that when finding a job, one should focus on the needs of the employer instead of their own needs.
The book acknowledges that not everyone may get their dream job, but that it is important to make good decisions that can lead something close to that dream job.
It also helps explain that one should not dwell on past mistakes or bad decision making and that they should instead focus on ways to improve their decision making abilities.
It also recommends logging the reader's failures in their journal so that they can better remember them and think of a way to solve them.
The book tells the importance of teamwork in order to overcome the toughest of obstacles that may lie in one's way.
It explains that even after retirement, it is still necessary for one to design their life in order to achieve maximum happiness and satisfaction.
The Chuvanay Range (), also known as Chuvan Mountains (Чуванский хребет), is a range of mountains in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Far East.
The village of Keperveyem is located at the feet of the range in its northwestern end, on the other side of the Maly Anyuy River.
To the east and northeast the mountain range is limited by the course of the Maly Anyuy River, which makes a wide bend, flowing first northwards and then again westwards.
To the south the range is bound by the Kulpolney River and to the west by the valley of the Tenvelveyem —left hand tributaries of the Maly Anyuy.
A few other tributaries of the Maly Anyuy have their source in the range, flowing between both and joining the left bank of the river.
The ghost town of Aliskerovo, beyond which rises the Ilirney Range, lies to the northeast, on the other side of the river, near its confluence with the Egilknyveyem River (Эгилькнывеем).
The Chuvanay Range is part of the East Siberian System of mountains and is one of the subranges of the Anadyr Highlands.
The general profile of the mountains is more pointed than the neighboring mountain ranges of Bilibino District, such as the Kyrganay, or the Rauchuan Range further to the north, which are characterized by a smoother relief.
Desert Vet was screened as a pilot on the Seven Network in 2018 before screening as a series on the Nine Network and UKTV in 2019.
Allan Dorans is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock since the 2019 general election.
Allison Pike (Brenda Song), an angel trapped in New York City, is trying to perform enough good deeds to earn her way into heaven.
However, she soon finds herself caught in a love triangle between two handsome men, one of whom may be the love of her life.
Aaron Stuart Bell (born 25 February 1980) is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle-under-Lyme in the 2019 general election.
Bell has worked as a trading development manager for online betting company Bet365, and as a senior business analyst for DivideBuy, a financial technology firm which employs 40 staff in Newcastle.
Brown was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the position of United States Ambassador to Liberia on November 25, 1964.
Brown died in 1989 at the age of 75 of cancer in Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C. His residence was Alexandria, Virginia at the time of his death.
Neale Hanvey is a Scottish politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath at the 2019 general election.
Initially selected as the Scottish National Party (SNP) candidate for the seat, he was later suspended from the party prior to his election and currently sits as an Independent.
Hanvey had previously been elected as a Scottish National Party councillor in the 2012 Scottish Local Elections for the Dunfermline Central ward in Fife, but lost his seat at the 2017 election.
He was suspended and had support for his campaign withdrawn by the party on 26 November after allegations he had previously made anti-Semitic social media posts, in which he compared Israeli treatment of the Palestinian people to the Holocaust and criticised the alleged influence of George Soros.
He remained named as the SNP candidate on the ballot paper however, as this could not be changed after the close of election nominations.
Hanvey was subsequently elected as MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath at the 2019 election, gaining the seat from the Labour Party's shadow Scottish secretary Lesley Laird by a narrow majority of 1,243 votes or 2.6%.
It is thought to be the first time a non-incumbent candidate has won a seat and sat as an independent following a suspension from their party.
Christopher Clarkson is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Heywood & Middleton since the 2019 general election.
Clarkson is originally from Ribble Valley, studied law at Dundee University and worked for IRIS Legal and Virgin as a corporate development manager and consultant respectively.
It covers the topics of human trafficking, exploitation, and the impact that culture can play on individual relationships and the way society reacts to disparities and injustice.
The novel follows two narratives, one following the orphaned teenage sisters Ahalya and Sita, who formerly lived near the coast of Chennai with their family, and another following a lawyer named Thomas who lives in the United States.
The siblings have decided to go live in a convent after a tsunami leaves them homeless and orphaned, however they are tricked by a friend of their dead father.
Ahalya agrees to sleep with the clients at the brothel to protect her younger sister from having to suffer the same fate and she even allows the son of the brothel to sleep with her almost every night.
Being disheartened and discouraged, there is one woman in the brothel who tells the sister that his is their karma and they need to accept it, not fight it.
He and his wife Priya have divorced after the death of his firstborn to SIDs put a strain on his relationship with his ex-wife.
He is walking in a park one day when he witnesses a kidnapping, he does his best to chance the kidnappers, but is unable to catch up and they get away.
This, along with the state of his life, motivates him to take some time off of work and go to Mumbai to help out in an anti-exploitation organization, CASE.
Once there the drugs are retrieved and Sita is put to work without pay in a restaurant, the owners of the establishment treat her abysmally.
He also manages to extract a confession from the brothel owner as to Sita's whereabouts and travels to Paris, only for Sita to be moved once again.
This time she has been sent to a mansion and placed in forced domestic servitude to a family who mistreats her.
Thomas manages to track Sita to the wealthy family but only barely misses meeting her, as he catches a glimpse of her in a vehicle as it sped off.
Now in the United States, Sita has a difficult time adapting to American culture and to the demands forced upon her by her traffickers.
With the organization's help Addison was able to go undercover into brothels and other places of exploitation in India, where he saw injustice first hand.
This inspired him to write the book, as he wanted to draw attention to the issues of modern-day slavery and human trafficking.
In the afterword Addison states that raising awareness can help abolish modern slavery, as could financially supporting an abolitionist cause or using their skills to help combat human trafficking.
A Walk Across the Sun was first published in hardback on January 3, 2012 through SilverOak, alongside an ebook edition and audiobook narrated by Soneela Nankani.
Lane retired from the music industry for years until he joined his childhood friend Ike Turner for his musical comeback in the late 1990s.
The show is a mix of magic and comedy delivered by the magicians who slowly remove their clothing during the show until they are completely naked.
Premiering at Brisbane Comedy Festival in Feb 2014, the show began as an act at comedy festivals and fringe festivals in Australian and New Zealand.
It’s most notable shows include it’s season at Trafalgar Studios on London’s West End in 2016 and a 4 month residency at MGM Grand in Las Vegas in 2019.
The Naked Magicians have performed a 96-show residency at MGM Grand in Las Vegas, becoming the first all-Australian magic show in history with a residency on the Las Vegas strip.
A member of the Conservative Party, she worked as an advisor to Nicky Morgan, her predecessor, when she was the MP for Loughborough.
Golodirsen, sold under the brand name Vyondys 53, is a medication used for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in people who have a confirmed mutation of the dystrophin gene that is amenable to exon 53 skipping.
It works by inducing exon skipping in the dystrophin gene and thereby increasing the amount of dystrophin protein available to muscle fibers.
The most common side effects reported by participants receiving golodirsen in clinical studies were headache, fever (pyrexia), cough, vomiting, abdominal pain, cold symptoms (nasopharyngitis) and nausea.
As of December 2019, golodirsen is approved for therapeutic use in the United States, as well as in the countries that automatically recognise the decisions of the US Food and Drug Administration, under the condition that its benefit will be demonstrated in a confirmatory clinical trial.
In the pivotal clinical trial of golodirsen, dystrophin levels increased, on average, from 0.10% of normal at baseline to 1.02% of normal after 48 weeks of treatment with the drug or longer.
The change was a surrogate endpoint and the trial did not establish clinical benefit of the drug, including changes to subject's motor function.
The most common side effects reported by participants receiving golodirsen in clinical studies were headache, fever (pyrexia), cough, vomiting, abdominal pain, cold symptoms (nasopharyngitis) and nausea.
Hypersensitivity reactions, including rash, fever, itching, hives, skin irritation (dermatitis) and skin peeling (exfoliation), have occurred in people who were treated with golodirsen.
Although renal toxicity was not observed in the clinical studies with golodirsen, renal toxicity, including potentially fatal glomerulonephritis, has been observed after administration of some antisense oligonucleotides.
The application for golodirsen was granted fast track designation, priority review designation, orphan drug designation, and a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher.
A member of the Conservative Party, he beat the long-serving Dennis Skinner, who had been the Labour MP for the constituency since the 1970 election.
He has worked in the House of Lords as the chief of staff to Lord Popat of Harrow, as well as for the private healthcare company Synergix Health.
Feryal Demirci Clark is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Enfield North since the 2019 general election.
Clark was elected as a councillor for the Hoxton East & Shoreditch ward in the London Borough of Hackney in 2006 and rose to become the Deputy Mayor of Hackney and Cabinet Member for Health, Social Care, Leisure and Parks.
In October 2019, she was selected as the prospective parliamentary candidate for Enfield North and was elected during the 2019 general election, becoming Labour's first ever Kurdish MP.
She is considered as being on the right wing of the Labour Party and endorsed Yvette Cooper during the 2015 leadership election.
He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Belfast North constituency of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom since the 2019 general election.
In the 2017 United Kingdom general election Finucane contested the Belfast North parliamentary constituency on behalf of Sinn Féin, Finucane secured Sinn Féin's highest vote share ever gained in the constituency but failed to unseat Nigel Dodds.
He ran against his former St Malachy's College classmates Mal O'Hara of the Green Party and Carl Whyte of the SDLP.
Shortly after being elected Lord Mayor at Belfast City Hall, he was informed by Police Service of Northern Ireland that loyalists had made credible threats to his life and planned to attack his family home.
In the 2019 United Kingdom general election Finucane again contested Belfast North, winning the seat with 23,078 votes to Dodds' 21,135.
He Weidong (; born May 1957) is a general (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the current Commander of the Eastern Theater Command.
He was promoted to the rank of major general (shaojiang) in July 2008, lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in July 2017 and general (shangjiang) in December 2019.
In July 2016 he was transferred to Deputy Commander of the Western Theater Command and Commander of the Western Theater Command Ground Force.
The 1947 Lincoln Blue Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Lincoln University of Missouri in the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1947 college football season.
Donna Yoh (June 22, 1959 - Aug. 9, 2011) was an American politician who served one term in the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative from the 2nd district.
A Republican, she was elected to the Kansas Legislature in 1994 and served until her defeat by Democrat Bob Grant in the 1996 election.
Representative Yoh was a graduate of Parsons High School in Parsons, Kansas and received a PhD from the University of Virginia.
Mihhail Kõlvart (born 24 November 1977, Kyzylorda, Kazakh SSR) is an Estonian former boxer, kickboxer, and Taekwondo practitioner, as well as a politician.
He is the current mayor of Tallinn, Estonia, a position he has held since April 2019, after the resignation of Taavi Aas.
His father, Ülo Kõlvart (born 1942, Pärnu), was the founder of the Estonian National Taekwondo Association in 1992 and was its first president from 1992 to 1996.
His mother, Liidia Kõlvart (née Shek, 1942–2014), who was of Korean and Chinese descent, was a teacher and later was awarded honourary citizenship of the city of Tallinn.
Kõlvart made a name for himself as a top athlete nationally and internationally in the disciplines of boxing, kickboxing and Taekwondo, of which he has a black belt in.
He was particularly committed to youth and sport and the rights of ethnic minorities in Tallinn, and as such, has made him popular with the Russian-speaking minority of Tallinn.
He resigned in April 2019, as he was elected mayor of Tallinn on 11 April after the resignation of mayor Taavi Aas to serve in the cabinet of Jüri Ratas.
The group consists of eleven members: Mamehara Issei, Kawashiri Ren, Kawanishi Takumi, Ohira Shosei, Tsurubo Shion, Shiroiwa Ruki, Sato Keigo, Kimata Syoya, Kono Junki, Kinjo Sukai and Yonashiro Sho.
After meeting the victim (Shannon Griffin) Mee led him around to the back of a vacant home where her two friends (Laron Raiford and Lamont Newton) were waiting with a .38 caliber handgun.
According to Sergeant Skinner of the St. Petersburg Police Department, Mee and her accomplices admitted to their involvement in the crime.
Prior to the trial, Mee's lawyer, John Trevena, offered to have Mee plead guilty in exchange for a 15 year sentence.
One of Mee's accomplices (Laron Raiford) was offered a pleas deal of 40 years in exchange for a guilty plea, but he rejected the deal.
They martial statistical information on demographics, convictions, sentences and prison populations to urge that women (typically accomplices) are over-charged and over-punished in Florida, particularly.
Reid enlisted into the United States Army in 1917 during World War I. Reid was first assigned to the 85th Infantry Division, then later to the 14th Infantry Division.
Reid was a failed candidate in the 1932 Republican primary for the position of the United States Representative from Michigan's 15th district.
He would be elected to this position again on 1950, and served his last term in the Michigan Senate from 1951 to 1952.
Reid was a member of a number of groups including the Lions Club, the Elks, the Eagles, the Forty and Eight, the American Legion, and the American Bar Association.
Antony Higginbotham (born 16 December 1989) is a British Conservative politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Burnley in the 2019 general election.
He contested the Burnley seat for the Conservative Party in the 2019 general election, campaigning on a pro-Brexit platform in an area that voted 66.6% in favour of leave in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
He won the seat from incumbent Julie Cooper (9.7% swing, 3.4% majority), becoming the first Conservative MP for the constituency since Gerald Arbuthnot in 1910.
Following the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough devolution deal, Hunt also worked as the Chief of Staff to the elected Mayor of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority.
After his election to Parliament in 2019, Hunt set out his key priorities for Ipswich, including tackling anti-social behaviour, ensuring good hospital and GP services in the constituency, and seeking greater investment in the roads and rail network.
Following a spells working for Oliver Dowden MP and the Countryside Alliance, Hunt worked as the Chief of Staff to the elected Mayor of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority.
During this time, some of the Combined Authority’s stated priorities included the construction of a metro system for Cambridge, upgrading the A47 in Cambridgeshire to dual carriageway, delivering Peterborough’s first university with degree-awarding powers and building more affordable homes.
During the run up to the 2019 general election, Hunt said he would prioritise more investment in public services in Suffolk.
He has expressed his support for an Ipswich northern bypass, a solution to closures of Orwell Bridge due to high winds, and better and more reliable rail services.
Immediately following his election, Hunt identified Brexit and the unpopularity of Jeremy Corbyn as key issues behind the Conservatives’ victory in Ipswich.
Stuart Paul Anderson (born 17 July 1976) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wolverhampton South West since the 2019 general election.
Anderson joined the army straight out of school, and was shot in the foot during a training exercise when he was 17.
He recovered and continued his army career, being deployed at various points to Northern Ireland, Bosnia, Kosovo, Germany, Iran, Canada, and Poland, among other places.
After leaving the army, Anderson worked in close protection for high-profile clients in the UK, Africa, and the Middle East, including Qatari Prime Minister Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani.
Asked to repay the money, Anderson only offered £2,000, which the administrators accepted on the grounds that he might otherwise go bankrupt.
The article also noted that whatever the next government decides should happen to EU-funded programmes such as the Midlands Engine Investment Fund, eTravelSafety is now guaranteed its share of EU money.
He was elected to Herefordshire Council in a by-election in October 2017, although he failed to attend almost half of his first 13 scheduled council meetings.
Anderson was selected as the Conservative Party prospective parliamentary candidate for Wolverhampton South West in December 2018, and contested the 2019 UK general election as its candidate.
During the 2019 general election campaign, Anderson repeatedly pledged his support for Boris Johnson's Brexit withdrawal agreement and said he would support a no-deal Brexit if Johnson's Withdrawal Agreement Bill were not passed.
The phyllodes are elliptic, smooth, and curved, and are 70-180 mm long by 7-35 mm wide, with two to three primary veins.
Yang Xuejun (; born April 1963) is a Chinese educator and computer scientist currently serving as President of the PLA Academy of Military Science.
He was promoted to the rank of major general (shaojiang) in 2004, lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in August 2013 and general (shangjiang) in December 2019.
He received his master's degree and doctor's degree in engineering from National University of Defense Technology in 1985 and 1991, respectively.
In 1994, at the age of 31, he became chief designer of supercomputer YH-3 and later became chief designer of Tianhe-1.
The UT Arlington Mavericks women's wheelchair basketball team, commonly known as the Lady Movin' Mavs, is the women's college wheelchair basketball team representing the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA).
Two additional players of international note who have played for the Lady Movin' Mavs are Australian Annabelle Lindsay and Canadian Élodie Tessier.
He previously played as a member of UTA's men's wheelchair basketball team, the Movin' Mavs, from 2000 to 2005 and also competed in three Paralympic Games.
During its inaugural 2013–14 season, the team had no substitute players, instead playing all five of its players for the full 40 minutes of each game.
The Lady Movin' Mavs played their first games against the University of Alabama and University of Illinois during a tournament in late October 2013.
They also played in the National Wheelchair Basketball Association Tournament (NWBAT) in their first season, but were disqualified because one of their players fell sick before the tournament and the team could not field a five-player lineup.
The Lady Movin' Mavs were initially a sports club at UTA and transitioned to full intercollegiate team status once sufficient funds had been raised.
It plays under the auspices of the National Wheelchair Basketball Association (NWBA), which organizes intercollegiate wheelchair basketball tournaments across the United States.
During the 2014–15 season, the team's roster grew from five to nine players, which allowed the team greater flexibility with strategy and opportunities to rest players.
That season, the team played in the National Intercollegiate Wheelchair Basketball Tournament (NIWBT), where it lost to the University of Illinois in its first game and then lost to the University of Wisconsin–Whitewater in the third-place game.
During the 2015–16 season, just the third season in the team's existence, it won its first national championship by beating the University of Alabama and then the University of Illinois in the NIWBT.
That summer, it also had its first two players make the United States Paralympic wheelchair basketball team roster for the 2016 Summer Paralympics: Abby Dunkin and Rose Hollermann.
The Lady Movin' Mavs finished the 2016–17 season with a 57–48 loss to the University of Alabama in the championship game of the NIWBT after they beat the University of Illinois 68–19 in their first-round game.
The Lady Movin' Mavs finished the 2018–19 season with an 82–76 overtime loss to the University of Alabama in the championship game of the NIWBT.
As of 2019, the Lady Movin' Mavs are one of only five women's college wheelchair basketball teams in the country, along with the University of Alabama, the University of Arizona, the University of Illinois, and the University of Wisconsin–Whitewater.
The song was first uploaded to SoundCloud on November 19, 2019, although it was officially released by RCA Records on December 13, 2019 to online music stores and streaming services.
The song was written by Usher, Ella Mai, Vedo, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan Michael-Cox, while production was handled by the latter two.
It was released for digital download on iTunes, Amazon, Google Play and online streaming services, Tidal, Apple Music, Spotify, and YouTube on December 13, 2019.
While Esra prepares for marriage with excitement, her best friend Didem starts to panic because she is the only single girl among the group and starts to utilize various tactics to convince her lover Cem to marry her.
While Didem waits for a marriage proposal, Cem meets Gözde, who is starring in his new film and becomes focused on his work.
A half-sister of George I of Great Britain, to whom she was close, she moved to England in 1714 shortly after the Hanoverian succession, where she became an influential figure of his court.
She was the daughter of Clara Elisabeth von Platen, married to Franz Ernst, Baron von Platen, a court official, but mistress of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, married to Sophia of Hanover who was in the line of succession of the kingdoms of England and Scotland.
At the court of Ernest Augustus, her status was as an illegitimate daughter of the Elector, who was father of George Lewis, Elector of Hanover from 1698 and the future British king.
At the London court of George I, Sophia von Kielmansegg vied with Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal, George's mistress.
Her title Countess of Darlington in the Peerage of Great Britain was given by the king in 1722, following a title of Countess of Leinster in the Peerage of Ireland in 1721.
The von Wartburg starts from the mouth of the Loire, follows the river until the Sologne, before following the Loire again around Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire.
From there, it continues north of the Morvan, leaving to the south a significant part of Burgundy and all of Franche-Comté before reaching the south of the Vosges.
In one notable example, Musician Eric Clapton sold 100 of his guitars in a charity auction in 1999 and raised $5 million for his substance abuse treatment facility.
In a charity auction the winning payment benefits a cause that is presumably valued by the bidder as well as competing bidders.
Thus, the bidder receives a benefit from his own payment – both the item won and the value the donation supports the organization – and other bidders do as well, as their charity is supported.
Therefore, bidders have two objectives that could be in conflict with one another: to win items that they value but also to support a charitable cause in part by driving up the price.
Theoretical work has investigated the properties of different formats of charity auctions under the assumption that bidders care about the charity's revenue.
In particular, altruism could play a role, and this altruism could very much depend on the proportion of the proceeds that is donated to charity.
The men's doubles competition of the table tennis events at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held from 6 to 7 December at the Subic Bay Exhibition & Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines.
The song won the award for Regional Mexican Airplay of the Year by a Male Group at the 2005 Latin Billboard Music Awards.
English was born in Toronto, Ontario and raised by her mother Dian English, who was the managing director at the Factory Theatre.
After university she worked for a year at Cap Gemini Ernst & Young in Montreal as a consultant before becoming a full time performing artist.
During these segments she would talk to viewers, perform original characters including Jigsaw Jill and interview noteworthy Canadians including Robert Munsch and Perdita Felician.
Later English became the on-location host to in-studio hosts Kara Harun and Dalmar Abuzeid, where she reported on kids news including interviewing Chris Bosh, visiting Cirque du Soleil and the ROM.
In 2008 English co-opened a theatre space and bar in Kensington Market called the Bread and Circus which hosted festival such as NXNE, the Toronto Fringe Festival, Canadian Music Week.
The film was the opening film at the Canadian Film Festival and won Best Film at the Tryon Film Festival in North Carolina before its Canadian and American Theatrical release, followed by digital distribution in North America on iTunes and Amazon.
UFC on ESPN: Ngannou vs. Rozenstruik (also known as UFC on ESPN 8) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on March 28, 2020 at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio.
The promotion returns to Ohio for the first time since UFC 203 in 2016 and to Columbus for the first time in over 11 years, since UFC 96 in 2009.
The 2019 Russian Women's Curling Cup () was held from December 18 to 22 at the Ice Cube Curling Center arena in Sochi.
Robert Farmar (1717–1778) was a British Army officer that fought in the Seven Years' War, served as interim governor of British West Florida and later served as the commander at Fort Charlotte.
Farmar was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, the son of Thomas and Anne Farmar, a prominent family in New Jersey.
A British officer was appointed to resolve the situation and ordered him to march his company to New Brunswick for inspection.
Farmar received his captain's commission on January 10, 1741 as he fought alongside the British regulars across the West Indies until the war ended in 1748.
He was promoted to serve with the 34th Regiment of Foot under Lord Frederick Cavendish, the younger son of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire.
On March 5, 1762 the 34th Regiment of Foot sailed from England across the Atlantic and arrived at Havana a few months later on June 6.
The surprise attack lasted a little over an hour and failed, costing the Spaniards 500-600 lives compared to the British loss of around 120 men.
He declared that all of the inhabitants of West Florida were subjects of England and demanded that they take an oath of allegiance to the British Crown.
Upon returning he found that he had lost his commission and would not be serving as governor of the British West Florida colony.
Joy FM 105.7 (DXIA 105.7 MHz) is an FM station owned by Iddes Broadcast Group and operated by YAKI (Yaman Ang Kalusugan Ingatan) Company, Inc. Its studios and transmitter are located at Brgy.
James Barry Daly is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bury North since the 2019 general election.
He was previously the leader of the Conservative Group on Bury Council and since 2012, Councillor for the North Manor ward in Bury North.
Daly stood in neighbouring Bolton North East in the 2015 and 2017 general elections, coming second with 32.8% and 42.2% of the vote respectively .
In the 2019 general election, he stood for the constituency of Bury North, where he won the seat from incumbent James Frith with a majority of 0.2% representing a swing of 9.1%.
Margaret Ann (Meg) Meyer (born 9 June 1959) is an American economist whose research interests include microeconomics, organizational economics, and contract theory.
She earned a master's degree in economics at the University of Cambridge in 1982, and completed her Ph.D. in 1986 at Stanford University.
Prior to becoming a fellow of Nuffield in 1988, Meyer was a junior research fellow in economics in St John's College, Oxford from 1985 to 1988.
Meyer is the daughter of Edward H. Meyer, the president and later CEO of the Grey Global Group, and of Sandra Meyer, an interior designer.
Nadina Mountain, is a remote granitic mountain of volcanic origins located in Nadina Mountain Provincial Park in northern British Columbia, Canada.
Situated south of Houston, British Columbia, it rises 700 meters (2,300 ft) above the forested foothills of the rolling terrain of the Nechako Plateau, upon which it is the third highest peak.
The peak is a striking feature on the surrounding landscape, and is theorized to have been a refugia during the last glacial period.
A permanent snowfield remains on the summit plateau, along with a diverse community of lichen species, but few vascular plants due to nutritionally poor soils from the granitic substrate.
The mountain was established as a park in 2008 due in large part to its wildlife habitat status, especially for mountain goats.
The nearest higher peak is Mount Ney, to the southwest, and precipitation runoff from Nadina drains into tributaries of the Fraser River.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Nadina Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold winters, and mild summers.
Located within Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nations traditional territory, Naydeena Mountain is a place where Wet’suwet’en people would go to hunt caribou, marmot, and mountain goat.
It is found in the South-Central region, in the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and with a single specimen tentatively identified from Missouri.
The National Stadium of Luxembourg is the future national stadium of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, located in the Luxembourg City quarter of Gasperich.
The stadium will host Luxembourg's national football and rugby teams and is to be listed as a Category 4 stadium by UEFA allowing it to host international matches.
The stadium's original October 2019 target date for completion has been delayed due to slow construction progress, with its inaugural match not expected until 2022.
The stadium's design was drawn up by local architectural firm Beng Architectes Associés in conjunction with the Hamburg based Gerkan, Marg and Partners, and selected from a total of 25 submissions by Luxembourg's Minister of Sport and the Mayor of Luxembourg City in September 2014.
Initial ground works on the stadium began in March 2017, with construction work commencing on 21 August 2017, and an official ground breaking ceremony in the presence of Mayor Lydie Polfer held on 18 September 2017.
Works were due to be completed by October 2019, with an estimated cost, at the beginning of construction, of 61.1 million euros, with 40 million euros to be covered by the Ministry of Sport, and the rest by the Luxembourg City municipality.
In December 2019, Luxembourg City authorities said that work on the parking infrastructure for the stadium would only be able to commence in September 2020, and the stadium's inaugural match has been further delayed until 2022.
Due to its location alongside the A6 motorway, the stadium is situated along an east-west axis, in place of the more traditional north-south axis used for stadia.
The stadium is designed to hold a capacity of 9,386 spectators with fully covered seating for sporting events, and can hold up to 15,000 spectators for concerts.
To cope with its dual purpose as a football and rugby venue, as well as hosting occasional concerts, the stadium will be equipped with a hybrid grass playing surface.
Upon the completion of Luxembourg City's new tramline at the end of 2021, the stadium will be served by the future Cloche d'Or tram terminus.
Johannes van Dreght (11 November 1737, Amsterdam - 7 October 1807, Amsterdam) was a Dutch decorative painter; known for his work on fireplaces, carriages, yachts, sleds and fans.
He married in 1761 and was elected to the Stadstekenacademie, Amsterdam, in 1766 and received an honorary prize from the Drawing Academy.
In 1772, he created a chimney piece () for the Town Hall, as well as works for the original Dutch Theater (1774), the buildings at 518 and 520 Herengracht and in the Corvershof, a home belonging to the son of Mayor (1778).
The 2020 Labour Party leadership election was triggered after Jeremy Corbyn announced his intention to resign as Leader of the UK's Labour Party following the party's defeat at the 2019 general election.
To qualify for the ballot, candidates need nominations from 10% (22) of the party's Members of Parliament (MPs) and Members of European Parliament (MEPs), followed by support from either 5% (33) of Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs), or from at least three affiliated groups, including two trades unions and representing at least 5% of affiliated members.
Five candidates, Rebecca Long-Bailey, Lisa Nandy, Jess Phillips, Keir Starmer and Emily Thornberry received sufficient nominations to proceed to the second round of nominations.
Starmer had the most nominations from MPs and MEPs at 88, followed by Long-Bailey and Nandy with 33 and 31 nominations respectively.
Starmer achieved sufficient support from affiliates to qualify for the final ballot on 20 January, at which point he also had the greatest number of nominations from CLPs.
Jeremy Corbyn was elected Labour Party leader in a 2015 leadership election and re-elected leader in 2016 after a challenge from Owen Smith.
While Labour gained 30 seats in the 2017 general election, it lost 60 seats in the 2019 election, resulting in the party having its lowest number of seats in the House of Commons since 1935.
Candidates will be elected by members and registered and affiliated supporters, who all receive a maximum of one vote and all votes will be weighted equally.
To stand, candidates needed to be nominated by at least 10% of the combined membership of the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP), meaning 22 MPs and MEPs at the time.
They also needed to be nominated by at least 5% of Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs), meaning at least 33 CLPs, or at least three party affiliates that consist of at least 5% of affiliate members including at least two trades unions.
Immediately following the 2019 general election, Keir Starmer, the shadow Brexit secretary, was considered favourite to win the leadership election by the online gambling company Betfair.
Party figures affiliated with Long-Bailey and MPs such as Corbyn, as well as centrist figures like Alastair Campbell, encouraged supporters of their preferred candidates to join the party to vote in the leadership election.
Roy Hattersley, a former deputy leader of the party, wrote on 21 December that MPs should refuse to accept Long-Bailey if she were elected leader.
The shadow foreign secretary, Emily Thornberry, was the first to announce that she was standing for the leadership on 18 December.
She said that her first priority would be to deal with antisemitism in the party by implementing recommendations from the Board of Deputies of British Jews, the Jewish Labour Movement and the Equality and Human Rights Commission.
She criticised Corbyn's senior advisers for overruling her as the shadow foreign secretary and for their strategic decisions in the 2019 general election.
He argued that the party should work more with other political parties on the left, and proposed constitutional reforms including supporting proportional representation and reform of the House of Lords.
She criticised the party's approach to Brexit and Scottish independence, saying that she was opposed to a second referendum on Scottish independence.
Criticising the party's manifesto at the 2019 general election, Phillips said that she would support nationalising railways but wouldn't prioritise further nationalisation.
Starmer, who a poll had indicated was the most popular potential candidate heading into the leadership election, announced his candidacy with a video posted to social media on 4 January followed by a launch in Stevenage.
Long-Bailey is seen by many observers and party colleagues as the continuity candidate who would continue to take the party in the same direction as Corbyn.
Candidates first needed to receive nominations from at least 5% of the party's MPs and MEPs to progress to the second round of nominations.
Starmer won the support of enough MPs and MEPs to progress to the next round of nominations on 8 January, when he was also endorsed by the trade union Unison.
Thornberry was also short of the required nominations at the beginning of the day, but managed to obtain enough to qualify less than ten minutes before the deadline, helped by MPs who had formerly nominated Lewis.
After the close of nominations, the party announced that Long-Bailey, Nandy, Phillips, Starmer and Thornberry would proceed to the next stage of the election.
Of the 7,395 respondents 70% backed Long-Bailey, but the organisation was criticised for not giving the option to endorse other candidates by commentators and some Momentum members.
Starmer became the first candidate to qualify for the ballot on 20 January with his third affiliate nomination, from the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers; at that point, he was also leading in nominations from Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs).
Nandy became the second candidate to quality for the ballot on 22 January, having received backing from the GMB and National Union of Mineworkers unions and the Chinese for Labour socialist society.
To progress to the membership ballot they need to receive backing from the required number of constituency parties or affiliated organisations.
Candidates first needed to be nominated by at least 10% (22) of current Labour MPs and MEPs, who comprise the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and the European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP).
Candidates who passed this threshold then need nominations from at least 5% (33) Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs), or at least three affiliates including at least two trades unions that together represent at least 5% of affiliated members.
Candidates and potential candidates have also received the support of organisations, publications, and of notable people other than current Labour MPs or MEPs.
Before she withdrew, Jess Phillips was endorsed by the journalist Matthew d'Ancona, the Labour peer Philip Hunt and the former MP Melanie Onn.
Jonathan Edward Gullis is a Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stoke-on-Trent North since 2019.
In 2015, she was the Student Representative Council (SRC) president of the university, the first female to be elected as president of the council.
She began her career in politics while in the university but became actively involved in 2011 as an activist for the Democratic Alliance Student Association.
After joining the school's SRC in 2014, she became president in 2016 and served on the university’s highest decision-making body, the NMMU Council.
In August 2016, she was among three candidates selected to represent the Democratic Alliance in contesting for a seat in the National Assembly.
She was sworn into parliament in November 2016 and she became the Baby of the House taking over the title from Yusuf Cassim.
Holly Mumby-Croft is a British politician, who has been the Conservative member of Parliament for Scunthorpe since the 2019 general election.
Prior to her election as an MP, Mumby-Croft was a councillor for the Broughton and Appleby ward on North Lincolnshire Council.
She won the Scunthorpe seat from Nic Dakin in 2019 with a 17.1% majority, representing a 12.8% swing from Labour to Conservative.
She started acting at the age of six and was cast for a lead role in the award-winning Israel drama Shabatot VeHagim.
In 2014, she participated in the television series Very Important Man alongside Yehuda Levi, as well as starring in the German film Anderswo alongside her mother-in-law Hana Laszlo.
She's the daughter-in-law of Israeli actress and comedian Hana Laszlo, sister-in-law of actor Mark Ivanir and the niece of Television executive Orly Adelson.
The fourth competition weekend of the 2019–20 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held at the M-Wave in Nagano, Japan, from Friday, 13 December, until Sunday, 15 December 2019.
Bozovic made her Grand Slam main-draw debut after winning the 2020 Australian Open Women's Doubles Wildcard Playoff, granting her a wild card into the 2020 Australian Open women's doubles event alongside Amber Marshall.
She made her Grand Slam main-draw debut after winning the 2020 Australian Open Women's Doubles Wildcard Playoff, granting her a wild card into the 2020 Australian Open women's doubles event alongside Alexandra Bozovic.
Despite receiving little attention within Macau, the issue was raised in the Legislative Council following the Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy.
In 1845, Queen Maria declared that Macau was to become a free port, in response the nearby Hong Kong being established as such and threatening the economic activity of Macau.
At this time, the government of Macau also became more hostile to the Qing offices established in the area and began a campaign of removing them and expanding the territory of the colony.
In 1887, the Chinese government was forced to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking which, among other concessions, recognised a permanent settlement of Macau by the Portuguese in exchange for Portugal agreeing to not cede the territory to another power without China's consent.
On the 3rd of December 1966, the 12-3 incident broke out which consisted largely of anti-colonial protests by the residents of Macau.
The incident erupted after corrupt colonial officials blocked the already approved construction of a private school for Chinese students on Taipa island as they had not received a bribe.
Police suppression of the ensuing protests led many in Macau to turn against the colonial government, supported by the communist government in China.
The subsequent turmoil, involving blockades by the Chinese military, forced the Portuguese to make a number of consessions to the protesters, including expanding the role of Chinese in the governing of Macau, the payment of reparations to the Chinese community, as well as ceding effective control of the colony to the Communist Party of China through local proxies.
On the 13th of April 1987, the governments of Portugal and China signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau to lay out the terms of the handover of Macau to the PRC.
Much discussion has been had, particularly by former University of Macao scholar Chou Kwok Ping, comparing the histories of Macau and Hong Kong.
Chou notes that while the events of the 1960s in Hong Kong (particularly the Hong Kong 1967 leftist riots) led those in Hong Kong to distrust the communist government in China, the fact that China supported the movements against the Portuguese government in Macau and was successful has led Macanese to look more favorably on China, and their relationship with it.
This has also meant that there is a far less strong sense of local identity in Macau compared with Hong Kong.
The effective loss of control by the colonial government in Macau also led to political stagnation in the colony following the 12-3 incident, while the effectiveness of the Hong Kong government in quelling the riots allowed it to continue to develop.
The magazine The Perspective speculated that the relative lack of independece sentiment in Macau stems from the SAR's reliance on gaming and tourism revenue from the Mainland.
Macau is currently one of the richest regions in the world, and its wealth is derived almost entirely from gambling, which is illegal in the PRC.
In 2016, following an interpretation of the Hong Kong Basic Law by the Standing Committee of the People's Republic of China, the Macau SAR government issued a requirement of all legislators to swear allegience to the Macao Basic Law.
The law also allows for the barring of potential candidates on the basis of their stated positions on issues which the government deems not in keeping with this principle.
In an editorial in Jornal Informação (Son Pou), the policies of the Macau SAR government were lambasted for using unrest in neighbouring Hong Kong as an excuse for its own poor policies, suggesting that the government is ineffective owing to the lack of an engaged populace which will ultimately lead to growing resentment among the populace.
The article also suggested that while public sentiment towards Macau Indepence is largely non-existant, it is likely to grow the more the SAR government raises the issue, particularly as this is often done to cover apparent failures over livelihood issues.
An editorial in the Global Times, a subsidiary of the People's Daily, warned that 'radical elements' were attempting to bring Hong Kong-style unrest to Macau and were promoting independence for the SAR.
The article focused on a candidate in the 2017 Legislative Council elections, Sulu Sou Ka Hou, who was running as a pro-democracy candidate.
Following his election, Sou stated in a radio interview that 'independence' was used as a smear by more conservative members of society.
He also noted that terms such as 'patriotism' were often misused by those in power to refer to loyalty to the ruling authority for personal gain, rather than any genuine feeling towards the country.
Peng Jianbing (; born April 1953) is a Chinese geologist currently serving as doctoral supervisor and dean of the School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University.
He was dean of the College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University in 2000, and held that office until 2011.
Isabelle van Keulen (born 16 December 1966) is a Dutch violinist and violist, performing principally as a chamber musician but also as a concert violist.
Born in Mijdrecht on 16 December 1966, Isabelle van Keulen was raised in an art-loving home in which her father was a painter and her sister a flautist.
In 1983, she won second prize in the Menuhin Young Violinists Competition and the following year was the winner of the Eurovision Young Musicians contest which was televised throughout Europe.
In the early 1990s, she performed frequently as a concert violist, in 1995 she founded the Isos Quartet as first violinist, and in 1996 she founded the Delft International Music Festival which she directed until 2006.
Van Keulen has taken a special interest in performing the works of less recognized modern composers, including Alfred Schnittke, Sofia Gubaidulina, Witold Lutosławski, Allan Pettersson, Hans Henkemans, Erkki-Sven Tüür and Theo Loevendie.
In a treaty signed on 23 March, Slovakia renounced much of its foreign-policy and military autonomy to Germany in exchange for border guarantees and economic assistance.
The radical branch was led by Vojtech Tuka and Alexander Mach, commander of the paramilitary Hlinka Guard, and was supported by Germany due to its acceptance of German dominion.
It was the last group which Germany sought to get rid of, as it could work with Tiso's faction which tended towards pragmatism in its dealings with the Reich.
The summit took place during a quiet spell in the war, shortly after the fall of France and while the defeat of Britain seemed possible.
In another meeting, Adolf Hitler hinted that failure to comply would leave the Slovak State at the mercy of Hungary, by revoking the protection guarantees that Slovakia had obtained in the 1939 German–Slovak treaty.
Ďurčanský was replaced as interior minister by Mach, who aligned the anti-Jewish policy of the Slovak State with that in Germany, while Tuka became foreign minister.
, another Nástupist, was dismissed as Secretary-General of the Slovak People's Party, while Konštantín Čulen, the head of the Propaganda Ministry, was replaced by the radical Karol Murgaš.
Nevertheless, the Germans recognized that the radical candidates were not as competent as the men that they replaced, and were therefore careful not to go too far in demanding influential offices for them.
None of the Slovak leaders (except Mach) was happy with the result; Tuka had hoped to become president or defense minister and was ill-equipped to deal with the demands of the new offices he had obtained.
In 1943, José Sanz Aguado won Spanish Chess Championship after victory in the match against Ramón Rey Ardid - 5½:4½ (+4, =3, -3).
He studied theology at the Pontifical University of Salamanca, a discipline in which he received a doctorate from that university in 1965.
He later received a doctorate in Philosophy from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome (1972) and specialized in biblical philology at the Pontifical Biblical Institute.
In 1972 he began teaching at the Faculty of Theology at the UPSA, becoming a professor at that university in 1975.
In 1985 the Vatican Congregation for Seminars and University and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith denied him the nihil obstat for his ideas on themes of dogmatic theology; therefore he cannot teach in universities of the Catholic Church.
He was one of the 9 experts who were neither politicians, victims, witnesses, or state officials, which the Commission of Investigation of the attacks of March 11 in Madrid called to give his opinion and contribute his knowledge of the implications of this subject, and will evaluate it from your area of knowledge about religions.
ORPHEUS – Oper und mehr (until April 2017: ORPHEUS – das MusikTheatermagazin) is a bimonthly special interest magazine from Germany that deals with opera, music theatre and culture.
After a break from January 2013 to April 2015, the magazine was published by the Munich MuP from May 2015 to March 2018.
After the sudden death of the magazine founder Clauspeter Koscielny in spring 2017, the Viennese culture journalist Stephan Burianek took over as editor-in-chief at short notice.
Since the end of 2019, cultural office publisher Iris Steiner has worked as editor-in-chief and replaced Stephan Burianek in this position.
The magazine reports on the national and international opera scene on topics in front of and behind the stage, introduces newcomers and talks to stars as well as book and CD releases.
Robin John Millar is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberconwy since the 2019 general election.
Millar started his political career in 2011 as a member Forest Heath Council for the All Saints ward in Newmarket.. Millar was deputy leader of Forest Heath Council and Mayor of Newmarket.
He later became a member for both Suffolk County Council for the Newmarket and Red Lodge seat and West Suffolk District Council for Newmarket North before becoming an MP in 2019.
WMHBV is also of great interest to researchers because of its potential to teach us more about the human hepatitis B virus (HBV).
WMHBV is a distant phylogenetic sister species to human HBV, although the evolutionary history of hepatitis B viruses is not well understood.
The discovery of WMHBV opened up the possibility of developing a primate model for HBV, since prior, most hepatitis B research was done with duck or woodchuck models.
Discovery of this pathogen was extremely concerning because the Louisville Zoo was home to a very successful woolly monkey breeding program.
They immediately tested all sixteen members of their woolly monkey colony and found that nine were chronically infected with the virus, and another four showed signs of previously having the virus, which was identifiable via presence serum antibodies to HBV surface antigen (HBsAg).
Analysis of archived woolly monkey sera at the Louisville Zoo suggested that the WMHBV was present in the colony for at least nine years before its discovery.
Its genome is 3,179 nucleotides in length, and encodes 5 proteins: the capsid (core) protein, the large envelope protein (L glycoprotein), the external core antigen, protein P (polymerase), and protein x (multifunctional protein).
The polymerase open reading frame (ORF) is the largest ORF in the genome, and has significant overlap with each of the other genes, perhaps constraining its evolutionary properties.
The core gene of WMHBV was the most similar to human HBV with 85.8-86.9% similarity at the amino acid level, while the WHMBV X gene was most divergent from human HBV with only 64.3-65.6% similarity at the amino acid level.
The majority of virions consist of 240 capsid proteins and display T=4 symmetry, however, a small amount of virions consist of 180 capsid proteins and display T=3 symmetry.
It has been found that sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a sodium/bile acid symporter found in the cellular membrane of hepatocytes, acts as a cellular receptor for WMHBV, as well as many other hepadnaviruses.
Following attachment to the NTCP, WMHBV enters into the cell cytoplasm via endocytosis, and the large envelope protein ensures fusion between the endosomal membrane and the viral membrane.
Replication and transcription of the WMHBV has not been extensively studied, but is believed to occur very similarly to all other HBV including human HBV.
Once inside the cell, nuclear localization signals on the capsid protein allow the capsid to bind to importin α-importin β complexes.
Inside, the viral polymerase protein is released and ligates the DNA so that it becomes covalently closed circular DNA, or cccDNA.
The relaxed, partially double stranded circular DNA genome is able to diffuse into an empty capsid through large pores in the capsid.
Chronic infections of WMHBV can go long periods of time before symptoms arise, especially when the woolly monkey is infected at birth.
Woolly monkey autopsy reports from 1974 to 1998 noted hepatitis (liver inflammation), and liver necrosis (sudden liver failure) as two pathologies likely to be linked to WMHBV.
Other probable complications of chronic WMHBV infection include cirrhosis (scarring damage of the liver), and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), among other liver diseases.
Chronically infected woolly monkeys have the virus actively replicating in their body, causing the virus to be transmissible in the monkey's bodily fluids.
The vertical transmission of WMHBV from mother to fetus is often the most detrimental, because similar to human HBV, age of infection is highly correlated to the risk of developing a chronic infection.
Woolly monkeys infected with WMHBV at birth have around a 90% chance of developing a chronic infection, while those infected in adulthood have only a 5-10% chance of developing a chronic infection.
Researchers were able to create an infectious clone of WMHBV, coined WMHBV-2, that infects and replicates in black-handed spider monkeys to the same degree that WMHBV replicates in woolly monkeys.
The 2001–02 B Group was the 47th season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.
He served as commanding officer of 4 Logistic Support Regiment RLC in which role he was deployed to Afghanistan in 2007.
He went on to be Deputy Chief of Staff at Headquarters, 3rd (United Kingdom) Division in 2010, Commander of 102nd Logistic Brigade in July 2013 and Head of Concepts at the Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre in September 2015 before becoming Capability Director, Combat Service Support in January 2019.
Patrick Mehlen (born in 1968), is a French biologist and research director at the Centre national de recherche scientifique (CNRS) at the Centre Léon-Bérard, a cancer research centre in Lyon.
Patrick Mehlen, a former student at the École normale supérieure de Lyon, defended his Ph.D. thesis at the Claude-Bernard University in 1995.
He is also Director of Translational Research and Innovation at the Léon Bérard Centre since 2013, Director of the DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence since 2011 and Director of the Rabelais Institute for Interdisciplinary Cancer Research (Convergence Institute) since 2018.
Patrick Mehlen was one of the discoverers of the addictive receptor paradigm: from an original mechanism of cell death to clinical trials; explained below and which constitutes the presentation of his scientific work.
A few years ago, an original concept of cell biology was proposed: while classical dogma assumed that transmembrane receptors are inactive unless bound by their specific ligand, it was proposed that some receptors could be active not only in the presence of their ligand, but also in their absence.
Thus, they found that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Patched receptor is a dependency receptor and that its ability to induce apoptosis in the absence of Shh is essential for adequate neural tube development.
They also showed that the receptors of netrin-1 DCC and UNC5H regulate the death/survival of specific neurons during the development of the nervous system.
This involvement is not limited to the developing nervous system, as they have shown the importance of UNC5H-induced apoptosis in the formation of blood vessels - angiogenesis.
In the context of cancer, they hypothesized that these receptors are tumor suppressors that would limit cancer progression by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells outside the territories of ligand accessibility/availability.
Interestingly, DCC and UNC5H are considered tumor suppressors because their expression is lost in many cancers suggesting that the presence of these receptors is a constraint to tumor progression.
This has in fact been formally proven by showing that in mice, the invalidation of UNC5H3, the overexpression of netrin-1 in the digestive tract or the specific inactivation of pro-apoptotic DCC activity similarly caused cancer progression.
Thus, aggressive cancers that develop are cancers for which tumor cells block the pathways of dependent receptors and a mechanism for this inactivation of this cell death pathway is that tumor cells acquire an autocrine secretion of netrin-1.
With this in mind, they have generated a drug candidate - anti-netrin-1/NP137 antibody - which is currently being tested in patients with very advanced cancers with very encouraging signs of clinical activity.
The 66th Filmfare Awards South ceremony honoring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2018 is an event that was held on 21 December 2019 in Chennai.
The Awards show is going to premiere on 26th January 2020 at 3 PM on Star Suvarna and Star Suvarna HD and also on Asianet and Asianet HD at 9 AM.
The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour is the product of reforms designed to support talented junior players in their progression to the senior game, and target the prize money effectively at professional tournaments to enable more players to make a living.
These tables present the number of singles (S) and doubles (D) titles won by each player and each nation during the season.
Turley also played for Connacht through a parentage qualification and played only once for Ireland on 10 February 1962 in a 16-0 defeat to England in Twickenham.
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour is the product of reforms designed to support talented junior players in their progression to the senior game, and target the prize money effectively at professional tournaments to enable more players to make a living.
These tables present the number of singles (S) and doubles (D) titles won by each player and each nation during the season.
On November 30, 2019, the rapper teased the release by sharing a preview that shows him dancing to the song on his social media.
While working as a teacher at a Gymnasium (secondary school) she received her doctorate in 1982 from the University of Dortmund (as it was known at that time).
The topic is one on which she has worked as a freelance author and teacher at several universities and theological academies since 1984.
She based her selection of theoretical methodical analytical devices on the gender typologies identified by Carl Jung and on the Kabbalah.
She retains the Christian symbols, but wants to reform Christianity in a feminist way and reinstate a matriarchy that traces its origins back to earlier traditions.
The waterskiing competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines were held at Deca Wakeboard Park from 6 to 8 December 2019.
The second Johnson ministry began on 13 December 2019, when Queen Elizabeth II invited Boris Johnson to form a new government following the 2019 general election, in which the Conservative party won its biggest majority since 1987.
The Conservative minority first Johnson ministry, which came to power following the resignation of Prime Minister Theresa May in July 2019, could not implement its legislative programme due to a political impasse over Brexit.
While the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 requires a two-thirds majority vote in parliament to trigger an election, Johnson bypassed this requirement by passing the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019.
In the resulting election, held on 12 December 2019, Johnson's Tories won a majority of eighty seats, the largest for a government led by a Conservative prime minister since Margaret Thatcher in 1987.
Initially the ministers were largely identical to those at the end of the first Johnson ministry, excepting the Secretary of State for Wales, in which position Simon Hart replaced Alun Cairns.
Nicky Morgan, who stood down at the general election, and Zac Goldsmith, who lost his seat, were made life peers to allow them to remain in the government.
The Mankidia (also known as Mankidi , Mankirdia) is a nomadic tribal group found mainly in many districts of Odisha Particularly Mayurbhanj,Sambalpur, Kalahandi and Sundergarh .
He was an advisor to the President of the Republic from 2007 to 2012 and a member of the Scientific Council of the AMMi Association.
After a doctorate in medicine (1979) and a science thesis (1988) at the Institut Cochin in the U129 unit then headed by Axel Kahn, he was appointed Professor of Genetics at the University of Paris-Descartes in 1989.
After Nicolas Sarkozy was elected President of the French Republic, Arnold Munnich was appointed Advisor to the President for Biomedical Research and Health.
He is the co-founder and current president of the Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases and a member of the Scientific Council of the AMMi Association.
The Kumaun Express (15311 / 15312) is a passenger train belonging to Indian Railways - North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Kasganj Junction railway station and Bareilly City railway station in India.
The 15311 Kumaun Express leaves Kasganj Junction railway station on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday at 09:40 hrs IST and reaches the Bareilly City railway station at 12:50 hrs IST.
On return, the 15312 Kumaun Express leaves Bareilly City railway station on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday at 22:10 hrs IST and reaches Kasganj Junction railway station at 01:00 hrs IST.
Kieran Mullan is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Crewe and Nantwich at the 2019 general election.
He was selected as the Conservative candidate for the Crewe and Nantwich seat in September 2018, and benefitted from pro-Brexit sentiment in the run-up to the December 2019 election.
He had previously unsuccessfully contested elections for two seats in the Midlands: Birmingham Hodge Hill in 2015, and Wolverhampton South East in 2017.
Francis Roy Crawford (23 December 1917 – 29 July 1996) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Wellington from 1937 to 1948.
He top-scored for Wellington with 12 and 40 when they were defeated by an innings by the touring Australians in 1945-46.
Earlier that season he had also top-scored for Wellington with 55 (out of a total of 130) and 19 when Auckland beat them by an innings.
He married Grace Maher, and served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force in World War II with the rank of leading aircraftman.
In the 1950s and 1960s, with their younger son Terry Clune, they ran the Terry Clune Art Gallery on Macleay Street in Potts Point.
This gallery supported many of Sydney's young expressionist and experimental painters, including John Olsen, Stan Rapotec, Robert Klippel, Robert Hughes, Carl Plate, Margo Lewers, Elwyn Lynn, John Rigby, Desiderius Orban and Robert Dickerson.
The House of Commons of the 58th Parliament of the United Kingdom was elected on 12 December 2019 and first met on 17 December 2019.
The criteria for seniority, used in this article, are derived from the way that the Father of the House is selected.
If two or more members were first elected in the same General Election (or at by-elections held on the same day), then priority is given to the one who was sworn in first.
When a member has had broken service, that does not affect his or her seniority (for the purpose of qualifying as the Father of the House) which is based on the latest period of continuous service.
In the House of Commons, the sole mandatory duty of the Father of the House is to preside over the election of a new Speaker whenever that office becomes vacant.
Other members, who were not the first person declared elected to a seat but who joined the House during the Parliament, are not assigned a number.
Joana Mamombe (born 18 June 1993) is a Zimbawean politician, former student leader and a member of Movement for Democratic Change Alliance.
After graduating from Chinhoyi University of Technology , she furthered at University of Bergen in Norway where she attained a Masters Degree in Molecular Biology.
In that same year, she was elected as the member of parliament representing Harare West under the ticket of the MDC Alliance.
It was alleged that she attempting to overthrow a constitutional elected government led by president Emmerson Mnangagwa, after she led a protest on 14 January 2018.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (MFAC; ; ; ) is the foreign affairs ministry of East Timor, headquartered in GPA Building #1 in Dili.
In the past, the area used to be a forest of indigenous bushes, but deforestation during the War in Afghanistan (since 1978) led to desertification and erosion of agricultural fields.
He drew inspiration from the irrigation canals that had been built in his native Fukuoka, southwest Japan, more than 200 years ago without the aid of modern equipment.
Sun Heping (; born August 1955) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as director of the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
In January 1997 he became a researcher at the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), where he was promoted to become deputy director in December 2000 and director in February 2005.
The teams who finish in second place in their respective group qualifies for the promotion play-offs, where they face each other over two legs.
Born in Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Province of Silesia, Bial received his musical education in Breslau, where he was employed at the age of 15 as the first violinist in the chapel of the local municipal theatre.
He was Kapellmeister in Lübeck from 1854 to 1856, then made a concert tour to Australia as a violin virtuoso together with his brother Karl, became Kapellmeister in 1864 at August Conradi's place at Wallner-Theater in Berlin and from 1876 to 1879 was the director of the Krollschen Theater, whose repertoire he refined by cultivating German and Italian operas.
Panmao Zhai is a Chinese climatologist, Secretary General of the Chinese Meteorological Society, and one of six co-chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change working groups.
Zhai received his bachelors degree in Climatology from Nanjing University in 1984, and a masters degree in Physical climatology], also from Nanjing University, in 1990.
He was previously Director-General of Department of Forecasting and Networking in China Meteorological Administration and the Vice President of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.
Zhao was a contributing author to the IPCC fourth assessment, and Lead Author of working group I for the IPCC fifth assessment (2008-2015).
Wang Chi (; born February 1967) is a Chinese scientist and the current director of the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He received his master's degree in space physics from the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1992 and doctor's degree in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1998, respectively.
Wang returned to China in January 2002 and that same year became researcher at the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
Charles Pilet, born in February 1931, is a professor-researcher, member of the Institut de France, member of the French Academy of sciences, Honorary President of the French Academy of medicine and the Académie vétérinaire de France, member of the French Academy of technologies, Professor Emeritus and Honorary Director of the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort.
Student at the École nationale vétérinaire de Lyon (1950-1954), a graduate in microbiology from the Institut Pasteur de Paris (1955); Assistant (1956), Head of Works (1957) at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Charles Pilet graduated from the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort in 1960 and was appointed Head of Department in 1964.
He became Director of this School in 1975, and was re-elected and reappointed to this position for a further five-year term in 1980.
Elected corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences in 1990, he became a full member of this company in 2005.
It also belongs to the Romanian Academy of Scientists, the Spanish Academy of Veterinary Sciences and the Italian Society of Veterinary Sciences.
After a series of studies, at the beginning of his career, on several animal disease viruses, some of which were suspected at the time of being transmissible to humans, Charles Pilet directed his research towards the immunology of Brucella, which then led him to focus on immunostimulation.
This property made it possible to distinguish infected animals (carriers of agglutinating antibodies) from vaccinated animals (not carriers of this type of antibody) and thus to facilitate disease prophylaxis.
The diagnosis of chronic human brucellosis is made difficult by the serological silence that is most often observed in this phase of the disease.
Given the essentially cellular nature of brucella immunity, Charles Pilet and his team proposed replacing the traditional serodiagnosis with a cellular test.
This new diagnostic possibility led the microbiology laboratory at the École d'Alfort to receive numerous requests for examinations from Parisian hospitals at the time.
The dogma of the time that the newborn animal or human being was tolerant to a foreign substance was in fact only partially accurate.
Using a particulate antigen extracted from Brucella, Charles Pilet and his team showed that in this case, the newborn mouse could respond very early to antigenic solicitation.
This lack of immune tolerance is probably due to the non-specific activity of Brucella's particulate extracts on the maturation of the immune system, which becomes able to respond to specific antigenic stimulation much earlier by a classical immune response.
This observation relating to immune tolerance, as well as a clinical observation, led to a new direction in Charles Pilet's work.
The isolation of the active ingredient of this bacterium, entrusted to Tsehay Neway, made it possible to isolate a polar glycopeptidolipid (GPLP).
This immunostimulant acting on bone marrow stem cells was also a true hematopoietic growth factor and was able to correct immunosuppression in mice caused by cancer chemotherapy.
The 2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election will be held in 2020 after Jo Swinson, previous leader of the Liberal Democrats, lost her seat in the 2019 general election.
Jo Swinson became leader of the Liberal Democrats in a 2019 leadership election, following the resignation of Vince Cable, beating Ed Davey who then became deputy leader of the party in an uncontested election.
Swinson lost her East Dunbartonshire constituency to Amy Callaghan of the Scottish National Party in the 2019 United Kingdom general election by 149 votes.
As per the party's constitution, when the leader loses their seat, the Commons deputy leader (Davey) and the party president (Sal Brinton initially, with Mark Pack replacing her at the start of 2020 when Brinton's term ended) automatically become co-acting leaders.
Overall, the party won eleven seats in the 2019 general election, one fewer than in the 2017, but with an increased national vote share.
The party's general election campaign was criticised by former Liberal Democrat MP Norman Lamb, blaming the result on their platform of opposition to Brexit.
Current MPs were critical in private of how the decision to support the policy of revoking Article 50 was arrived at and how it was communicated.
On 15 December, Bath MP Wera Hobhouse questioned whether the British people would be ready to accept her as leader of the party, given that she was an immigrant.
On 3 January 2020, Moran made headlines when she came out as pansexual, announcing she is now in a relationship with a woman.
Davey is identified with his belief that the party should defend their record in office as part of the 2010-15 coalition in government.
Another potential division in the campaign is over the large influx of new members to the party recently with a focus on opposition to Brexit, who may be supportive of Hobhouse and her support for rejoining the EU, versus others in the party who focus on liberalism.
Liberal Democrat leadership elections use the alternative vote (instant runoff) system, with all party members being entitled to vote under a one member, one vote system.
The election of a new leader will thus come after that of the Labour Party, allowing time for a review of the party's performance in the 2019 general election.
Ritter was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland on 31 May 1867, the son of Guillaume (also known as Wilhelm) Ritter (1835–1912), a French architect and hydraulic engineer from Soultz responsible for enabling a supply of fresh water to La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1887, and Josephine Ducrést, a Swiss woman from Berne.
Ritter went to the Jesuit school in Dole, followed by the Collège latin in Neuchâtel from 1881, then in 1885 he enrolled in the Academy of Neuchâtel.
As a young man Ritter was a devotee of Richard Wagner, and he made contact with French Decadent circles in Paris in his early twenties.
After he graduated from the Academy he travelled extensively in Europe, first in the west – Paris, Vienna, Munich – then in the east (Czechoslovakia, Poland, Montenegro, Romania and Slovakia), gathering material for his novels.
The near East provided Ritter with a taste of the exoticism, comparable to the Istanbul described by Pierre Loti, that was a particular fascination to figures within the Decadent movement in Paris, particularly the aesthete Robert de Montesquiou and Sâr Péladan.
Ritter went to Prague in 1888 to learn German, then studied the history of art and music at the University of Vienna for a term, taking a course in harmony from Anton Bruckner.
In 1889, his friend the French architect invited him to Bucharest, the first of a ten-year-long series of repeated trips that Ritter undertook to the east and the Balkans.
Tours in Albania on horseback with his friend Marcel Montandon in 1893 and a traverse of the Carpathians in 1898 by foot followed.
In 1903, during a walking trip across Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia, he met Janko Cádra, who became his companion and secretary until his death in 1927, and he lived with him variously in Prague (for a year between 1904 and 1905), Munich, Monruz (in Neuchâtel), Slovakia and Romania.
In Munich Ritter served as tutor to Prince and Princess Rupprecht for four years, the prince becoming the last heir apparent to the Bavarian throne in 1913.
After the First World War, Ritter spent much time in the newly created Czechoslovakia, but, as a homosexual aesthete and Catholic conservative he felt disillusioned with this progressive and modern democratic country that had thrown off the shackles of empire.
His first works were inspired and comparable to the avant-garde works of the French Symbolists, but over the course of his life his art criticism became increasingly reactionary, dismissing innovations such as Expressionism and Cubism.
3 in Prague on 2 February 1904 and in time he became one of the composer's staunchest advocates, writing glowing reviews of the premieres of Mahler's Symphony No.
Ritter viewed Mahler's music as symbolic of modern Vienna, in the same way as the architecture of Adolf Wagner and the painting of Gustav Klimt and Koloman Moser.
Ritter had first had dealings with Janáček in 1912, agreeing to be a judge in a Club of the Friends of Art competition, but they did not meet until 1923.
Ritter planned to write a book on Janáček, possibly the reason for the frequent meetings that the two had in July 1928, but none was ever written.
The debate about Swiss identity in Switzerland at the turn of the 19th–20th century concerned what constituted Swiss identity: geographical location or race – French, German or Italian.
Ritter's notion that identity was a product of rootedness in a particular location (provoking his ancillary dislike of rootless Americans, city-dwelling Germans and Jews), together with his lifelong affection for Slavs, made a deep impression on Le Corbusier, and was a decisive influence on his journey through the Balkans during his trip to the east in 1911, during which he studied Balkan vernacular architecture.
He received his master of engineering degree in hydrogeololgy and doctor of engineering degree in hydrogeololgy from China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) in 1987 and 1990, respectively.
He served as vice-president of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) in January 2000, and ten years later promoted to the President position.
Some cases of non-legalized vehicles may be included in this article if they have particularly noticeable characteristics (engine, chassis, body, etc..).
Designed by engineer Giuseppe Merosi, it had a 4-cylinder in-line engine (with camshaft and cylinder head) and provided 70 hp (52 kW) with a top speed of 125 km / h. In the racing version, the power reached 73 hp (54 kW) and a speed of 137 km / h.
From 1922 the Double brothers built the C, D, R and F. Series models Virtually every unit was unique, with significant changes to the chassis, boiler, engine and body.
The extraordinary and well-honored Dubonnet (the heir to the snack maker Dubonnet) commissioned a racing car in Hispano Switzerland based on the Boulogne model.
According to the designer, Mark Birkit, this solution (apparently less sophisticated than the camshafts in the cilinde head) was chosen as less noisy.
This car was the result of a collaboration between young Rust Heinz (heir to the food industry tycoons Heinz) and the signing of bodywork Bohman & Schwartz.
The motorcycle broke the speed record with a speed of 280 km / h, a mark of would remain for 20 years.
Of these, 50.5% spoke Ukrainian, 45.4% Russian, 1.5% Yiddish, 0.9% Belarusian, 0.5% German, 0.5% Moldovan or Romanian, 0.3% Polish, 0.1% Romani, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% Armenian and 0.1% French as their native language.
He was allowed to continue living with his father, until at age nine he was hired out to Dr. James Norcom, the late tavern keeper's son-in-law.
After the death of Horniblow's widow, her slaves were sold at New Year's Day auction 1828, among them John, his grandmother Molly and Molly's son Mark.
While enslaved by Norcom, John Jacobs learned basic health care and succeeded in teaching himself to read (only very few slaves were literate), but even when he escaped from slavery as a young adult he was not able to write.
Hoping to escape his constant harassment, she started a relationship with Samuel Sawyer, a white lawyer, who would later be elected to the House of Representatives.
Furious, Norcom sold John Jacobs together with Harriet's two children to a slave trader, hoping he would transport them outside the state, thus separating them for ever from their mother and sister.
But the trader had been secretly in league with Sawyer, the children's father, to whom he sold all three of them.
In 1838, John accompanied his new owner Sawyer as his personal servant on his honeymoon trip through the North and got his freedom by simply leaving Sawyer in New York where slavery had been abolished.
Both he himself and his sister make a point of mentioning in their respective memoirs, that John fulfilled his servant's duties to the last, leaving everything in good order and not stealing any money from his master.
After unsuccessfully trying to work for his living by day and to attend school at night, in August 1839 he went on a whaling voyage, taking with him all the books he wanted to study.
After returning after three and a half years, John S. Jacobs, as he called himself after his escape to freedom, became more and more involved with the abolitionists led by William Lloyd Garrison.
Early in 1849, he went on a sixteen-day tour together with Frederick Douglass, who had made his escape from slavery in 1838 only weeks before Jacobs had made his.
It is not clear, whether his decision to go to California and on to Australia was caused by the Fugitive Slave Law.
His sister explicitly states that the law did not apply to John S., because he didn't come to the free states as fugitive, but was brought there by his master.
He didn't have much success either in California or in Australia, and so went on to England, going to sea from there.
When his sister went to Great Britain in 1858 and again in 1867/68, the siblings failed to meet, because on both occasions John was at sea - in 1858, he was in the Middle East, ten years later in India.
The first three parts narrate his life up to his escaping and going on the whaling voyage, the fourth part relates cruelties against other slaves he had witnessed.
Both siblings relate in their respective narratives their own experiences, experiences made together, and episodes in the life of the other sibling.
Harriet's children first appear in the moment they are put into jail together with their uncle in preparation for their sale to the trader.
Since he doesn't mention the parental relationship between his last owner and his sister's children, the reasons for Sawyer's interest in buying children and uncle remain unclear in John Jacobs' tale.
This is also true for the reasons of the good treatment John Jacobs received while being Sawyer's slave, who didn't treat his numerous other slaves well.
In the mid-1860s, aged about 50, John S. Jacobs married Englishwoman Elleanor Ashland, who had two children from a previous relationship.
In 1873, he returned to the U.S. together with his wife and the three children to live in Cambridge, Massachusetts, close to his sister and her daughter Louisa Matilda.
His widow stayed in the United States until her death in 1903, but it seems that there was no further contact between Harriet Jacobs' family and hers.
Harriet's biographer Jean Fagan Yellin supposes that Elleanor Jacobs severed the ties so that her children would not fall victims to American racism.
Katherine Fletcher (born 1976) is a British Conservative Party politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Ribble in Lancashire following the 2019 General Election.
She studied Biology at University of Nottingham during which time she worked as a nursing assistant in an elderly care home.
Before her election, Fletcher worked in management and IT consultancy, business banking operations, the Credit Union Movement and assisted in the early setup of the Northern Powerhouse.
At the time of the election Fletcher was a small and medium enterprise (SME) business owner and a Town Councillor on Knutsford Town Council.
Fletcher has indicated that she believes that the A&E service at Chorley District General Hospital should be restored to a 24 hour service.
Fletcher is a qualified safari ranger (field guide) and has lived and worked in Mpumalanga in Limpopo province, South Africa, and Mozambique.
The Future Party was founded on 13 December 2019 by Ahmet Davutoğlu, a former foreign minister and prime minister on behalf of the conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP).
Having been elected prime minister on 28 August 2014 with the support of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Davutoğlu later opposed the latter's moves to transform Turkey's form of government from a parliamentary to a presidential system.
He later expressed interest in forming a new party in opposition to President Erdoğan's administration, and ultimately launched the Future Party on 13 December.
Davutoğlu has stated that the new party would push for a new constitution, return to a parliamentary system and promised education in mother tongue.
As Chief of Staff of the UPDF Air Force, he replaced Major General Paul Lokech, who was assigned special duties in South Sudan.
Gerrit Roelof Diederik van Doesburgh (26 October 1900 – 24 April 1966) was a Dutch chess player, Dutch Chess Championship silver medalist (1936).
At the time of his death, Wiersum was the lawyer of state witness Nabil Bakkali in the Marengo case against the Mocro Maffia led by Ridouan Taghi.
Ridouan Taghi and his henchman Saïd Razzouki are being prosecuted for giving the orders for these murders and for leading a criminal organization.
Nabil Bakkali was arrested on 14 January 2017 for prohibited possession of weapons and on 5 September 2017 for his involvement in the murder of Hakim Changachi, who was killed on 12 January 2017.
A week after the announcement of Bakkali being state witness, on 29 March 2018, Reduan Bakkali was killed by Shurandy S.. Reduan Bakkali was the brother of Nabil Bakkali.
Besides his work as lawyer and judge, he was treasurer for Stichting Rechtshulp Terdoodveroordeelden and he worked as a lawyer for the Dutch & Detained foundation, which provides independent legal advice to Dutch nationals who are detained abroad.
On 6 January 2020, the OM announced that the man arrested in October is the 36-year-old Giërmo Brown from Almere, he is of Surinamese descent.
Brown is also suspected of observing the victim in the stolen vehicles from 30 August 2019, alone or with others, and the handling of these vehicles from 11 June 2019.
When the getaway car, white Opel Combo, was shown on television by the police, Brown bought a plane ticket to Suriname.
They were looking for a man between 20 and 25 years old, with a slender stature, about 1.75 metres tall, and he was dressed in dark clothes.
Two days before the murder a grey Volkswagen Transporter, used for disabled transportation, was driving in the neighborhood were the victim lived for about two hours.
This van was stolen on 5 September 2019 in Brunssum, and was found on 23 September 2019 in a parking garage in Amsterdam-Zuidoost with a flat tire.
On 19 November 2019, the police detained two persons for fencing a stolen vehicle used to monitor the victim before the murder.
This is a preparatory session, which, among other things, looks at the provisional detention of Giërmo Brown.During this session, the prosecutor said they have the following evidence against Brown for his involvement in the murder.
There are camera images, there is paid with Brown's debit card when refueling and the data from his phone matches the movements of the car on twelve dates.
Brown also wanted to know, according to reports, the license plate of the car of Wiersum, because he does not just want to drive laps.
He paid off debts, gave money to his children and paid an amount of more than €15.000 in cash for a car.
According to the OM, all this facts, and the fact that he was trying to flee to Suriname, is enough evidence to hold Brown in prison for three more months.
They also take into account that the murder of lawyer Derk Wiersum should have taken place the day before the actual murder, but that the perpetrators were surprised by the fact that Wiersum took the bike that day instead of taking the car to work.
The people who are the closed linked to the case receive personal security provided by the Royal and Diplomatic Protection Service (DKDB).
The lawyer who succeeded Derk Wiersum as a lawyer for Nabil Bakkali, who wants to stay anonymous for his own safety, already withdraws in early December 2019.
She wants to be able to check whether Bakkali explains from his own knowledge, or has possibly consulted with his lawyers or others.
The 2018 Wyre Forest District Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of the Wyre Forest District Council in Worcestershire, England.
Cecil Chetwynd Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian (née Lady Cecil Chetwynd-Talbot; 17 April 1808 – 13 May 1877) was a British noblewoman and philanthropist who founded the Anglican Saint John's Church in Jedburgh and the Roman Catholic Saint David's Church in Dalkeith.
Her father took an interest in her education and ensured she was well read and that she had an understanding of their religion.
Kerr married on 12 July 1831 and went to live in Scotland with her husband John Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian.
She took an increasing interest in the religious Oxford Movement who argued that Anglicanism needed to reintroduce aspects of Roman Catholicism into their high church practices.
Two years later Newman became a Roman Catholic and in 1851 Kerr under Henry Edward Manning's instruction also converted to Catholicism.
She was only one of the guardians of her children and the others were going to interfere as they were concerned that she may convert them.
Kerr died on one of her frequent trips to Rome in 1877, but she was buried within her church in Dalkeith at the foot of the altar.
The group is led by Aslbek Musin, the son of the former Speaker of the Majlis, Aslan Musin, both of whom are Quranists.
In 2009 there was a public debate on the religious status of Quranists in Kazakhstan, who are represented by the representatives of Izgi Amal within the country.
During the public debate chaired by the Tolerance Society and the National Security Committee, other religious minorities were also scrutinized with probes into their religious status, such as the Krishna Consciousness Society and Salafism.
With regard to the Quranists, concern was particularly raised as the leading base for Islamic scholarship based at Azhar University had recently issued a fatwa declaring the Quranist denomination as being illegal within the country, and furthermore imprisoned the leading Quranist personality within the country called Ahmed Mansour.
Nonetheless, spokesmen of Izgi Amal have argued that it isn't a strictly religious organization and rather engages in activities associated with societal and economic upliftment within Kazakhstan.
For Izgi Amalists who utilize the application of additional sources besides the Quran, their standpoint is that unlike hadithists, they do not consider such texts as canonical to the faith.
From the perspective of some Quran centric Izgi Amalists, the usage of tafsir is permitted, however, reliance on hadith texts as a primary source runs the risk of insinuating that the Quran needs supplemental text, or even suggestive of additional religious texts or the peril of abrogating the Quran.
Diane Wei Liang was born in 1966 in Beijing in the People's Republic of China to an official of the People's Liberation Army,a journalist and Chinese literature professor.
Her parents were both college educated teachers so she spent some of her childhood in a labour and reeducation camp with her parents.
Liang graduated with a doctorate in Business Administration and began to teach in the United States, including in the University of Minnesota, and in the United Kingdom, at Royal Holloway College, University of London and Cranfield School of Management.
They continued trading as Gall & Sheridan until November, when it became Scrymgour & Sons, and was still operating under that name at 115 King William Street in 1962.
The Aiyy Faith ( — Aiyy iteghele) is a neo-Tengrist Yakut religious organization has been registered since 2015 in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.
It has the Aiyy houses and yurts in the villages in which common prayers and bloodless sacrifices with fermented mare's milk are performed.
The doctrine influenced the content of teaching national culture in schools and especially on the training of personnel at the local College of Culture.
Together they requested from the beginning of the 1990s allow the construction of the temple: in 1999, by a decree of the republican authorities, the House of Purification (Archie Diete), the building from a wood, glass and metal wonder composed in the form of three gigantic yurts was laid down and opened in 2002.
And after the new President of Yakutia was elected in 2002, the pro-Orthodox course of the authorities began, representatives of ethnic religions ceased to be invited to inter-religious meetings.
There are certainly passages with a rock sensibility, and Abercrombie's use of a guitar synthesizer may distress those who instinctively distrust electronics in any improvising context.
The Kumaun Express (15315 / 15316) is an express train belonging to Indian Railways - North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Gonda Junction railway station and Mailani Junction railway station in India.
Xie Zuowei (; born January 1964) is a Chinese chemist and the dean of Faculty of Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
He received his master's degree and doctor's degree from Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, China Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1986 and 1990, respectively.
In 1995 he joined the faculty of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and was promoted to full professor in 2002.
Of these, 58.2% spoke Ukrainian, 31.2% Russian, 3.8% German, 2.8% Yiddish, 1.9% Moldovan or Romanian, 0.7% Belarusian, 0.6% Polish, 0.1% French, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% English, 0.1% Armenian and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
The Eureka Iron & Steel Works (also known as Eureka Iron Works and Eureka Iron Company and Wyandotte Mills) was an American iron and steel company in Wyandotte, Michigan.
Philip then came up with the idea that perhaps some sort of new iron enterprise could be developed from this high quality iron ore.
The Eureka Iron Works company was organized in October 1853 with twenty thousand shares that had a value of twenty-five dollars each.
That land was chosen because of the two mile river frontage for receiving iron ore by ship from Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
They also constructed a blast furnace and a bar mill known as the Wyandotte Rolling Mill which was a nearby spin-off company from the same owners of Eureka Iron Works.
The company then in 1865 produced the first steel rails in the United States, which was the beginning of the American steel industry.
They used the facilities and equipment at the adjacent Wyandotte Rolling Mill to form the steel rails from the steel ingots they made.
It was not originally designed for steel production and instead of changing methods the president of the company decided to move the steel production to Chicago.
Another factor that contributed to the demise of the company was that it consumed 50,000 cords of wood a year to make charcoal, an ingredient needed to make iron and steel.
They eventually ran out of local timber and had to ship in charcoal at a high cost that cut into their profits.
Eventually there was little need for iron as most merchants wanted steel that was available from several companies at competitive prices.
Johannes Hermanus Addicks (4 January 1902 – 8 March 1961) was a Dutch chess player, Dutch Chess Championship silver medalist (1936).
In the 1920s and 1930s he was one of the leading Dutch chess players, participant in several international chess tournaments held in the Netherlands.
Courtenay made her professional debut on 23 March 2019, scoring a four-round points decision (PTS) victory over Cristina Busuioc at the York Hall in London.
The fight was televised live on Sky Sports as part of the undercard for Charlie Edwards' world title defense against Angel Moreno.
The fight was streamed live on Sky Sports' Facebook page as part of the preliminary undercard for Dave Allen vs. Lucas Browne at The O2 Arena, London.
In June, she stopped Valerija Sepetovska by technical knockout (TKO) at 1 minute 16 seconds in the second-round of a scheduled six-round bout held at the York Hall.
Her next fight was a four-round points decision win over Jasmina Nad on 26 October as part of the undercard for the Josh Taylor vs. Regis Prograis world title fight, held at The O2 Arena.
Courtenay's final fight of 2019 came on 19 December, scoring a fifth-round TKO over Buchra El Quaissi at the York Hall.
Josef Protschka (born 5 February 1944) is a German operatic tenor who also sang lieder and oratorio and made many recordings.
A long-term member of the Cologne Opera, he appeared at international opera houses and festivals, with a focus on Mozart's roles such as Tamino.
He received international recognition, appearing at the Salzburg Festival, La Scala in Milan, the Dresden Semper Opera, the Hamburg State Opera, La Monnaie in Brussels, the Royal Opera House in London and other European opera houses.
At the Opernhaus Zürich, he repeated the Mozart cycle, and performed in the Monteverdi cycle staged by Ponnelle and conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt.
At the end of the 1990s, Protschka became a university lecturer in Copenhagen and Cologne and gave master classes in several European countries.
A native of Graiguenahown, Abbeyleix, County Laois, he was the first former Blackrock College student to win an Irish rugby international cap and was capped seven times for Ireland between 1885 and 1893.
The 1994–95 season was Mansfield Town's 58th season in the Football League and 22nd in the Third Division they finished in 6th position with 65 points and lost to local rivals Chesterfield in the play-offs.
AVICII Invector is a 2019 single-player music video game developed by Swedish studio Hello There Games with Wired Productions in memory of Swedish DJ Avicii.
She was named after Michael James Monohan, a Merchant marine killed when torpedoed , off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, 11 April 1943.
After a number of contracts, on 22 October 1947, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Wilmington, North Carolina.
Teng Jin-guang (; born March 1964) is a Chinese scientist and educator, currently serving as the president of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University since July 1, 2019.
He joined the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering faculty of Hong Kong Polytechnic University in October 1994, becoming associate professor in 1997 and dean andfull professor in 1999.
Robert Peter Moore (born 28 November 1984) is a British Conservative Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Keighley since the 2019 general election.
Before being elected as MP for Keighley in 2019, Moore was a councillor on Alnwick Town Council and represented Alnwick on Northumberland County Council.
Jackson Corpuz (born February 8, 1989) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Magnolia Hotshots of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).
The focus of his research is the use of microorganisms and viruses for biological control of insect pests and the development of sustainable methods of plant protection.
He heads the Institute for Biological Plant Protection of the Julius Kühn-Institut in Darmstadt and is a Professor at the TU Darmstadt.
After studying biology at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Goettingen University with an emphasis on botany, phytopathology, and statistics he undertook a six-month field study on indigenous medicinal plants and healing methods in West Africa.
From 1994 to 1996, he was Marie-Curie Fellow at the Department of Virology of Wageningen University (Netherlands) under Prof. J. M. Vlak, before he started work for the phytosanitary service of the state of Rheinland-Pfalz.
In 2006, he obtained a professorship at the University of Mainz in the Department of Genetics, and since 2012 he has been Extraordinary Professor at the TU Darmstadt.
The goal of Jehle‘s scientific work is the investigation, development, and evaluation of methods of biological plant protection for ecological and integrated agriculture.
His more narrow research areas involve insect viruses, particularly their classification and phylogeny, their use is biological plant protection, and research into resistance.
The Saint-Jean River (St. John River) is a river crossing the municipalities of Rivière-Éternité and L'Anse-Saint-Jean in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Saint John River is usually frozen from late November to early April (except in rapids areas), however, safe ice movement is generally from mid-December to late March.
This lake has a length of divided into three parts, a maximum width of , an altitude of and an area of .
The mouth of the Saint John River flows to the bottom of Anse Saint-Jean in the village of L'Anse-Saint-Jean on the south shore of the Saguenay River .
From the mouth of the Saint John River, the current flows through Anse Saint-Jean to northerly, then down the Saguenay River on to the east where flows into the St. Lawrence River at Tadoussac.
Natalie Harrowell (1990 – 10 December 2019) was an English rugby league player who played in the first-ever Women's Super League Grand Final in 2017 and won the Woman of Steel award in 2019.
Robert Butler is a British Conservative Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Aylesbury since the 2019 general election.
Fay Alicia Jones (born 1985 or 1986) is a British Conservative politician who is Member of Parliament (MP) for Brecon and Radnorshire, first elected at the 2019 general election.
Jones has worked as a researcher for the Prince of Wales, for the National Farmers' Union and for the public relations firm Grayling.
Jones was elected as MP for Brecon and Radnorshire in the 2019 general election, beating the Liberal Democrat incumbent Jane Dodds, who had been the leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats since 2017.
Dodds had won the seat in a by-election earlier that year, which had been triggered by a recall petition after the Conservative MP Chris Davies was convicted for submitting a false expenses claim.
Samuel Peter Tarry (born August 1982) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ilford South since the 2019 general election.
He is a previous chairman of Young Labour and was also a community organiser for advocacy group Hope not Hate in Dagenham.
Tarry served as the Labour Party councillor for Chadwell Heath ward on the Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council from 2010 to 2018.
Prior to his selection, he was the national political officer for the TSSA trade union, and the president of the think tank, Centre for Labour and Social Studies (CLASS).
His selection was controversial as during the selection process the local Redbridge Council leader Jas Athwal was suspended from the party over alleged sexual misconduct, the day before members were due to vote.
After a number of contracts, on 19 August 1949, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Mobile, Alabama.
Simon James Jupp (born September 1985) is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for East Devon in the 2019 general election.
Jupp was born in Plymouth and worked as a presenter & journalist for Radio Exe, Plymouth Sound, Radio Plymouth, BBC Radio Solent and ITV Channel TV Prior to the 2019 election, he had been working as a Special Advisor for Dominic Raab in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
In Switzerland, the bourgeoisie is a personal right, surviving from medieval urban law and formerly common to all the cities of Western Europe (see: Bourgeois of Brussels).
The bourgeoisie, or bourgeois commune, is also a local authority, which still exists in certain cantons, in which the inhabitants originating from the commune or old bourgeois, as opposed to the new inhabitants.
Next to the municipal commune that deals with resident citizens, one generally finds the bourgeois commune, whose scope particularly affect the citizens who originate from the municipality with regard to the law on nationality.
In contrast, in the canton of Geneva (which replaced the Republic of Geneva), the bourgeoisie of Geneva have had no influence since 1798.
A total of four teams competed in the qualifying stage to decide two of the 16 places in the group stage of the 2020 OFC Champions League.
On 17 December 2019, the OFC announced that Pago Youth withdrew from the qualifying stage due to measles concerns in the Pacific.
The women's beach volleyball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games took place at the Subic Tennis Court, Subic, Philippines from 29 November to 6 December 2019.
Shweta Sekhon of Kuala Lumpur will crown her successor at end of the event.the winner will represent Malaysia at the Miss Universe 2020 at a yet-to-be revealed location.
The winner will also receive a cash prize and sponsored prizes with a combined value of RM 180,000 and a full education scholarship from HELP University.
Official 18 Finalists of Miss Universe Malaysia 2020 were selected from national auditions held on 24 and 25 August 2019 in Kuala Lumpur.
The finalists will be featured in an online show, The Next 2020 Miss Universe Malaysia, comprising 18 episodes scheduled to be aired starting January 23, 2020, followed by 10 episodes of their journey leading to the crowning of Miss Universe Malaysia on online lifestyle channel, hurr.tv.
Her lead single 'Reckless Heart' reached #1 on the CBC Music Top 20 Chart and earned Beck a SOCAN #1 Award .
In addition, her record garnered eight nominations at the 2019 Music PEI Awards and two nominations at the 2019 East Coast Music Awards.
The Mountain Health Arena, originally known as the Huntington Civic Center, later as the Huntington Civic Arena and later, for sponsorship reasons as the Big Sandy Superstore Arena, is a municipal complex located in the downtown area of Huntington, West Virginia, one block west of Pullman Square.
It is home to numerous concerts and events, and was the home of the Huntington Hammer of the Ultimate Indoor Football League for 2011.
The $10.5 million Huntington Civic Center was completed in 1977 and was the largest in the state of West Virginia when it opened.
At the time, the city felt it would not be able to accommodate Marshall University basketball, and the arena was thus built in a location that Marshall objected to, and used a design that was not sports friendly.
Marshall thus remained at the older Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse and then constructed its own on-campus arena, the Cam Henderson Center, in 1981.
At first the building was very successful; however, the completion of a larger arena in nearby Charleston, and the 25-year delay in construction of what became Pullman Square caused the building to become a money losing effort for the city.
From 1993 to 2000, the facility, by then called the Huntington Civic Arena, was home to the Huntington Blizzard of the ECHL.
In addition, the arena served as the home of the River Cities LocoMotives of the NIFL during their only season in 2001.
The naming rights for the arena were purchased by Big Sandy Superstores, a regional chain of furniture and appliance stores, when this deal expired it resumed its generic name for a short time and then the sponsorship rights were acquired by the Mountain Health System.
In fall 1997, $3.5 million was allocated in bonds to renovate the aging Civic Center; however, work did not begin until 2000.
The floor was originally installed in the Cam Henderson Center and was sold to the Fieldhouse when the current Henderson Center floor was installed.
At the time the floor was purchased from the Fieldhouse, it still had the markings and logos from Marshall University's Mid-American Conference era.
Thomas William Randall is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gedling since the 2019 general election.
Hart is being investigated over antisemitism and Islamophobia by the Conservative Party, over content which she shared and comments that she made on social media.
Receiving 16,516 votes (34.5%), Hart failed to be elected by 8,792 votes, finishing in second place behind Labour candidate Laura Pidcock.
In December 2019, an inquiry was initiated by the Conservative Party into Hart after it was discovered that in 2017, she shared a video which contained the conspiracy theory that Jewish billionaire George Soros owns the European Union.
A second investigation was opened days later over her sharing a blog post in January 2017 by the anti-Islam activist Cheri Berens.
Berens claimed that the U.S. media is controlled by the Muslim Brotherhood, and that they wish American women to have abortions so as to limit the non-Muslim population.
Hart was not suspended pending either of these investigations and was elected on 12 December as MP for Hastings and Rye with 26,896 votes (49.6%) and a majority of 4,045 votes.
Latif Huseynov (; February 1, 1964, Agdam, Azerbaijan SSR) is an Azerbaijan judge, and currently the Judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Azerbaijan.
On October 14, 1994 he defended his thesis for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences in Kiev, and on September 29, 2000 - Doctor of Law.
In 2001, he had been the chairman of the Legal Policies and State Structuring Department of the Milli Majlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
He was a member of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment between 2004 and 2015, and from 2011 to 2015, President of the Committee.
As a student in 1965, she played the main role in Axel von Ambesser's film ' alongside Theo Lingen and Friedrich von Thun.
Of these, 90.9% spoke Russian, 7.2% Veps, 1.4% Karelian, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% Latvian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
The Room is a 2019 French horror film directed by Christian Volckman and starring Olga Kurylenko, Kevin Janssens, John Flanders, Joshua Wilson, and Carole Weyers.
The plot centers on a young couple that occasionally discovers a way to fulfill any of their wishes of material possession and then goes too far by trying to get a child they have not been able to have so far.
A loving couple in their thirties, Matt and Kate, moves to a large secluded mansion in upstate New Hampshire, leaving the big city behind to seek for a more authentic and healthy life.
While repairing the old house, they find a mysterious hidden room and soon discover that the room is able to fulfil their great wishes.
However, doing so is against the rules as the room's creations are not able to leave the house without wasting away.
In 2019, the film was officially selected for Hof International Film Festival (Germany), Sitges International Film Festival of Catalonia (Spain), and Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (South Korea), European Fantastic Film Festival (France), Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival (Belgium), Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival (Switzerland), Ostend Film Festival (Belgium).
Imran Nasir Ahmad-Khan (born 6 September 1973) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Wakefield since the 2019 general election.
He is a supporter of Brexit and attributes his election to Wakefield voters’ support for leaving the European Union in 2016.
Ahmad-Khan previously worked for the United Nations as Special Assistant, Political Affairs in Mogadishu and as a senior consultant for M&C Saatchi.
He studied Russian language at Pushkin Institute in Moscow, and earned a bachelor's degree in war studies at King's College London.
He has worked for the United Nations as special assistant for political affairs in Mogadishu and has also worked as a senior consultant for advertising agency, M&C Saatchi.
Having worked as a counter-terrorism expert prior to becoming an MP, he joked his experience in conflict zones such as Somalia and Afghanistan gives him what would be needed to build bridges between warring parties in the Brexit battle.
Wakefield voted almost 2-to-1 in favour of leaving the European Union in the 2016 referendum and was a target seat for the Conservatives.
LGBT+ Conservatives Group had incorrectly described Ahmad-Khan as 'openly gay', and he made news worldwide for allegedly becoming the first openly gay Muslim to be elected.
His late father, Dr Saeed Ahmad Khan, was a medical doctor and was born in the North-West Frontier Province of what was then British India (modern day Pakistan).
He has two brothers: Karim Ahmad Khan QC is a barrister specialising in international human rights law, and appointed Assistant Secretary General of the U.N. in 2018 by the United Nations Security Council to lead an investigation into alleged crimes committed by Da'esh/ISIL in Iraq.
Khalid Ahmad Khan is a lawyer based in Oman who was winner of the Middle East General Counsel of the Year award in 2017, and was named one of the most influential in-house lawyers in the Middle East in Legal 500's GC Powerlist: Middle East 2019.
This form of odor memory is similar to recognizing other sensory semantic cues, such as knowing what a particular sound signifies.
Odors can evoke positive autobiographical memories and increase positive emotions, decrease negative mood states, disrupt cravings, and reduce physiological indices of stress, including systemic markers of inflammation.
The research have done in Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University by Rachel Sarah Herz , James Eliaseen , Spohia Beland and Timothy Souza in 6th August 2003.
Rachel Louise Hopkins (born March 1972) is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Luton South since the 2019 general election.
She attended Denbigh High School and then Luton Sixth Form College before going on to study at the University of Leicester.
She is also known to have voted for Brexit, like her father, making her one of the few known Labour MPs (alongside Graham Stringer and John Cryer) to have voted for it.
She won the 2019 United Kingdom general election for Luton South with 51.8% of the vote She is a member of Labour’s Socialist Campaign Group.
Duncan Charles Baker (born 15 November 1979) is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Norfolk since the 2019 general election.
It was established in 2019 in honour of Gord Downie, the lead vocalist of The Tragically Hip until his death in October 2017.
Passage of the bill into law on December 12, 2019, was attended by members of Downie's family, during which time MPPs read The Tragically Hip lyrics and paid tribute to Downie.
The first Poet Laureate is scheduled to be named in 2020, after being selected by a legislative panel chaired by Speaker Ted Arnott.
William Francis Clarke (March 19, 1816 – October 17, 1890) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who held several senior positions at Jesuit institutions in Maryland and Washington, D.C. Born in Washington, he descended from several early colonial families of Maryland.
He was educated at Gonzaga College and its successor institutions during the suppression of the Society of Jesus, followed by Georgetown College.
After his entrance into the Jesuit order, he taught for several years at Georgetown, and became the pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Baltimore, where he took uncommon measures to integrate black Catholics and Italian immigrants into parish life.
In 1858, he became the President of Loyola College in Maryland, remaining only two years before becoming the President of Gonzaga College and rector of St. Aloysius Church, which were impacted by the onset of the American Civil War.
His ancestry on his father's side included Robert Clarke, one of the founders of the British Colony of Maryland, and a member of the colonial Maryland General Assembly.
When the Society of Jesus was suppressed worldwide, the Jesuit president of Gonzaga, Jeremiah Keily, disobeyed his superiors by attempting to continue the operation of Gonzaga.
He informed the parents, including Clarke's, that classes would resume at a new location on Capitol Hill, without informing them of the school's official closure by the superiors.
Clarke attended Keily's school for two years, before Keily transferred leadership to a Virginia educator named Hughes, who relocated the school to East Capitol Street.
He then entered the Society of Jesus on August 14, 1833, and was sent to the Jesuit novitiates in White Marsh, Maryland and then Frederick, Maryland.
That year, his health rapidly failed and, fearing for his life, his superiors sent him to Bohemia Manor, Maryland to recuperate.
He established the first sodality for black Catholics in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, and introduced the Oblate Sisters of Providence, an order of black religious sisters, to the parish, placing them in charge of a school.
Vicinanza deliver sermons in Italian for the Italian immigrants in the parish, representing the first Italian religious services in the archdiocese.
Succeeding John Early, he remained for only two years, before being appointed President of Gonzaga College in Washington, D.C., to replace Charles H. Stonestreet.
In addition to his administration of the College, he also opened a parochial school in the basement of St. Aloysius for younger students.
This parochial school was moved to a property owned by Senator Stephen Douglas that he rented on I Street on September 24, 1860.
Clarke's tenure at Loyola College came to an end in August 1888, when he returned to Gonzaga College to teach and perform ministerial work at St. Aloysius Church.
In his later years, he remained an active preacher, delivering sermons to mark major occasions and anniversaries in Baltimore, Washington, and Philadelphia.
He came to be considered an authority who was consulted on theological questions, and he catechized students, resulting in a substantial number of conversions to Catholicism.
Following the disappointing launch of Fallout 76, Pete Hines defended the game, committing to improving the game and drawing comparisons with Elder Scrolls Online.
In a unanimous opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) was not entitled to be reimbursed for attorney's fees from patent applicants who file appeals against USPTO decisions.
The case reinforced the application of the American rule, a default principle in United States law which states that, in a lawsuit, each party is responsible for paying its own attorney's fees unless there is a legal or contractual requirement that says otherwise.
This case attracted attention from many intellectual property and law associations, many of whom (including the American Bar Association) filed friend-of-the-court briefs arguing against the government's request for attorney's fees from the plaintiff.
In December 2001, a doctor named Hans Klingemann filed a patent application for a new method of treating cancer using natural killer cells.
The patent examiners noted that medical researchers had, since the 1980s and 1990s, known that natural killer cells could combat cancer cells and that Klingemann's patent application was insufficiently novel to receive a patent.
NantKwest appealed the decision internally to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (then known as the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences), which is the internal USPTO administrative board that reviews decisions by USPTO's patent examiners.
NantKwest decided to file its appeal in the District Court under section 145 of the Patent Act, which allows dissatisfied patent applicatnts to file their appeal in the Eastern District of Virginia, rather than the Federal Circuit (which normally hears appeals of decisions by government agencies).
As a district court, the Eastern District of Virginia has original jurisdiction, which allows the litigants to introduce new evidence not considered by the Board of Patent Appeals.
This is in contrast to the Federal Circuit, which as an appellate court can only consider evidence that was in the record reviewed by the Board of Patent Appeals.
Prior to discovery, USPTO filed a motion for summary judgment (essentially arguing that the court had enough agreed-upon facts on the record to rule on the case immediately without conducting further proceedings).
NantKwest responded to the motion, arguing that it had additional evidence and that there were enough factual disputes left to warrant a full trial.
The District Court granted USPTO's motion for summary judgment, ruling in favor of the agency that NantKwest's patent claims were invalid due to obviousness.
Among those expenses were $78,592.50 of attorneys' fees, which were a pro rata allocation of the three USPTO employees (two attorneys and one paralegal) who worked on the case.
The case was heard in 2017 by a three-judge panel of the Federal Circuit, which included Chief Judge Sharon Prost as well as Judges Timothy B. Dyk and Kara Farnandez Stoll.
In her dissent, Judge Stoll argued that section 145 lacked the specificity needed to indicate that Congress had the intent to depart from the American Rule and allow for attorney fees to be awarded.
On its own accord, the full Federal Circuit chose to rehear the case en banc -- with all active judges on the panel participating (with the exception of Judge Raymond T. Chen, who recused himself since he was once an attorney for USPTO).
The court adopted a similar position to Judge Stoll's dissent, ruling that the language of section 145 was not enough to overcome the default American Rule or require that the plaintiffs pay USPTO's attorney fees in addition to the other expenses of the trial.
The opinion noted that this was the first time in the history of section 145 that USPTO had requested reimbursement for attorney fees.
Members of this genus have been isolated from a lake in Japan, a lake in Antarctica, and from the blood of a woman (in a non-infectious capacity).
Of these, 92.8% spoke Russian, 6.1% Karelian, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.2% Estonian, 0.2% Latvian, 0.2% German, 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
His first business ideas for the NSBM were a number of lines from Rotterdam up the rivers, and to some cities on the North Sea.
In April 1825 the NSBM raised funds for: a steam packet for a line to Hamburg; a tugboat for rivers and estuaries; a steam vessel for the Rhine; and a steam vessel for service between Antwerpen and Boom (a town on the Schelde).
The idea for the corporation was that Cockerill would have the monopoly on steam engines for ships in the Netherlands, and would only deliver to the NSBM.
A positive explanation for this monopoly was that the NSBM wanted to prevent its knowledge from leaking away via Cockerill, but of course it could not hold.
The invention of the compound engine was of great significance for the company because it gave the NSBM a competitive advantage.
The area measured about 10 hectares and was bordered by the Meuse and a harbor that could be entered on both sides.
It had three cupola furnaces, a 'togtoven' (fourneau à vent), a heavy crane, an iron basement, an oven for baking shapes, and all other things required at an iron foundry for even the heaviest pieces.
On the second floor of one of the buildings there were even more lathes, facilities for model makers, and carpenters, and a model room.
The construction of the Mosel had just began, and a new iron ship for a line to Antwerpen had been laid down in October and was expected to be launched in February.
The iron foundry was busy with parts of a bridge that would be build in Rotterdam according to a design by Rose.
The Department of the Colonies was lucky that it had paid only 100,000 guilders of the total price of 350,000 guilders.
After the independence of Belgium there was a possibility that Belgium would eliminate the Dutch transit trade to Germany by constructing a railway from Antwerpen to Cologne.
Such a railway would be realized from Antwerpen to Liège, Aachen and Cologne in 1843, at a time that the harbor of Antwerpen had far better accessibility than that of Rotterdam.
However, the heavy tugboat tugged river barges upstream and proved more than a match for rail transport, especially for bulk cargo.
The average speed of the Rhine is about 3 knots, but that in narrow places it can be double that amount.
Early steam vessels on the Rhine were successful if they could cost-effectively steam upstream by themselves while carrying enough passengers and freight to cover the cost.
In this respect the higher power-to-weight ratio of a high pressure engine, or even better, a compound engine contributes to economic feasibility.
In 1836 the Dutch government wanted to promote the export of colonial goods to Germany by improving transport on the middle Rhine.
On the same 14 December 1837 that a previous ship was launched, another ship was laid down, which would be made entirely out of iron, and would serve on the same line.
She was over 62 m long, 9.41 m wide and had a draught of only 1.57 m. The diameter of the paddle wheels was 7.48 m at a width of 3.76.
The message that in early May 1838 Fijenoord launched the steam vessels Admiraal de Ruyter and Graaf van Rechteren for the Rijn- en IJssel Stoombootmaatschappij.
The iron Drusus was built for the Rijn- en IJssel Stoombootmaatschappij to use on the line from Kampen to Cologne that would be tuned to the service by the Admiraal van Kinsbergen.
She was 44 m long, 5.65 m wide, and had a draught of 2.5 feet, her an engine had 65 hp.
On 19 May 1841 Fijenoord launched a ship for a line to Venlo of 80 hp and a ship for service to Mannheim of 120 hp, the longest iron ship yet built in Europe.
In October 1839 there was news that an iron sailing ship for service in the East Indies would be built at Fijenoord.
It had to be able to pull 2,500 tons of merchandise from Samara to Rybinsk in 20 days, and the empty ship train backward in 8 days.
On 2 May the Wolga then left Rybinsk, pulling two barges of 400 feet long with a draught of 5 feet.
By January 1847 Fijenoord was working on a tugboat of 460 hp, and in April another tugboat of the same power had been ordered.
It consisted of two tugboats as well as machinery and 20 men (with their wives and children) required to build a new shipyard on the Wolga for building iron tugboats and wooden barges.
On 1 February 1845 a steam tug ship of 54 m by 10 m for service on the Rhine was launched.
These were intended to burn coal of low quality The idea was that she could pull barges loaded with coal up these stretches of the Rhine more economically than horses could.
Another explanation could be that Fijenoord had only built paddle engines when the Medusa was started in 1852, but in light of the above this can only hold for big engines.
On 3 November 1857 the Madura was relaunched in Surabaya, with a note that she was of the same type as the Kinsbergen.
In May 1866 four steam paddle ships of 200 hp and 1,000 ton displacement 'primarily meant for transport duties' were ordered for the Department of the Colonies, two at Van Vlissingen en Dudok van Heel, and two at Fijenoord.
She was as long as the later built monitors, but had a beam of only 6.10 m as opposed to the 13.4 m of the later monitors.
Apart from having the very vulnerable paddle propulsion, Stoom Kanonneerboot No 1 was a simple casemate ironclad like the much bigger CSS Virginia.
One of the reasons was that the government wanted to have a facility for repairing armored ships in the south in case of war.
Dutch shipping companies had insufficient confidence in the capabilities of the indigenous industry and therefore used to order their ocean going steamers in Great Britain.
She sailed to Baltimore in September 1881, and with an efficient coal consumption of only 0.86 kg/hp/h she proved a complete success.
On 1 January 1882 this ship left Rotterdam for New-York, and suffered so much damage in a storm, that she had to be saved by the Napier of captain Anderson.
The Edam re-entered service, but on 21 September 1882 she was hit midships by SS Lepanto and sank in 20 minutes.
From 1863 onward the British Nederlandsch-Indische Stoomvaartmaatschappij had held the concession for a number of subsidized shipping lines in the Dutch East Indies.
The KPM became very important for the Dutch ship building industry, because it would order all of its ships in the Netherlands.
During World War I the Dutch shipyards could not be very active because the raw materials they had to import became scarce.
This was also true for Fijenoord, which was able to amass funds that it would use to modernize the company after the war.
A dip was caused by a very long strike in 1921, and the 1921-1923 German hyperinflation that put pressure on prices.
Political developments made that this ship was cancelled, and no serious ships were ordered for the navy in the post war years.
The slipways and other installations continued for some time at the Fijenoord location before the new company was able to concentrate all activities in Schiedam.
Umang Lai are the group of sacred groves preserved for the local forest deities (with the same title), worshipped by the Meitei people, the predominant ethnic group, since ancient times in the Himalayan state of Manipur.
The groves and the deities are worshipped and their pleasing ceremony is always celebrated every year through a music and dance festival called Lai Haraoba.
There are 365 Umang Lais in the state, out of which 166 are identified in the valley regions of the state.
Presently, these religiously preserved sacred groves are in the situation of being endangered, due to the lack of proper attention and care.
Katie Waldman is an American government appointee who has served as Press Secretary to the Vice President of the United States since October 1, 2019.
Waldman previously worked as a spokeswoman for Senator Martha McSally and for the United States Department of Homeland Security during the tenure of Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen.
Waldman attended the University of Florida, where she became embroiled in a scandal involving the destruction of hundreds of copies of the school's newspaper after it endorsed an opposing student government candidate.
In 1979, in collaboration with Francis Galibert, he carried out the complete sequencing of the hepatitis B virus genome, which made it possible to manufacture the first detection tests and screening for this disease.
In 1985, with his collaborators at the Institut Pasteur, he created the first vaccine obtained by genetic engineering (recombinant vaccine) against hepatitis B, prepared on Chinese hamster ovary cells.
On 14 June 1949, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York.
Maddalena Maria Teresa Tua (23 April 1866 – 28 October 1956) was a prominent Italian violinist who demonstrated her musical talents from an early age.
She was widely acclaimed on her concert tours in the 1880s, filling the Opera House in Vienna in 1882 and performing in Germany, France, Spain and London.
Her performances in the United States in 1887 were less successful and she soon returned to Europe where she married and settled in Rome.
Born in Turin on 23 April 1866, Maddalena Maria Teresa Tua was the daughter of Antonio Tua, a mason and amateur violinist, and Marianna Rabino, a housewife who played the guitar.
Shashikala Gurpur (born 11 December 1964) is an Indian author and professor, who is the director of Symbiosis Law School, Pune and Dean of the Faculty of Law, Symbiosis International University.
She has done a Ph.D. in International Law from Mysore University where she was also a Gold medalist in Master of Laws.
She has been a professor and her teaching experience includes tenures in National Law School of India University, SDM Law College, Manipal Institute of Communication and University College Cork, Ireland.
Her research interests include Jurisprudence, Media Laws, International Law and Human Rights, Research Methodology, Feminist Legal Studies, Biotechnology Law, Law and Social Transformation.
In 1991, Gurpur guided national award-winning project on Community-based law reforms for National Law School of India and also acted as Advisor to research project and publication of Asian Network of Women in Communication (ANWIC), which was sponsored by WACC, UK from 1999 to 2004.
In 2001, she received the NPS Sector research grant under Ford Foundation on Gender Advocacy and European Commission law link grant in 1998.
The 2019 Atlantic 10 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Atlantic 10 Conference held from November 2 through November 10, 2019.
The quarterfinals of the tournament were held at campus sites, while the semifinals and final took place at Hermann Stadium in St.Louis, Missouri.
Two people (often Ego Nwodim and another cast member) work out at a fitness facility as multiple bizarre candidates audition to be instructors there (often including Bowen Yang, Heidi Gardner, Cecily Strong, others, and the host).
As an editor Norvik became well known for his taciturnity and avoidance of the public spotlight, which inspired Norwegian public figures to entrust him with confidential information.
Of these, 98.4% spoke Russian, 0.7% Karelian, 0.2% German, 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Estonian and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
In the fall of 615, when Emperor Yang of Sui was visiting Yanmen Commandery on the northern frontier, the khagan launched a surprise attack on the area, overrunning most of its Chinese settlements.
Warned by the khagan's wife Princess Yicheng — a member of the imperial family who had been well treated by Empress Xiao during an earlier visit — the emperor, empress, and their entourage escaped to the commandery seat at present-day Daixian.
Emperor was reported to cry out of fear seeing Yuwen suggested Emperor Yang select a few thousand elite cavalry soldiers to attempt a break out, but Su Wei and Fan Zigai (樊子蓋) persuaded Emperor Yang not to attempt this.
Emperor Yang put Xiao Yu and Pei Ju in charge of planning the military counteroffensive, but was only able to get the siege lifted after he followed the advice of the empress's brother Xiao Yu and sent messengers to Princess Yicheng, who was directing military affairs at the Turkic capital in her husband's absence.
She falsely informed Shibi Khagan that the Turks were under attack from the north, and so the khagan lifted the siege.
Yicheng greeted Empress Xiao and Yang Zhengdao (杨政道), a posthumous son of Yang Jian who was created as puppet King of Sui (隋國王) by Chuluo.
After Chuluo's death in June, she refused to marry Ashina Momo (阿史那摸末, 607 - 649 was titled Yushe shad (郁射設) and eventually married to someone of Imperial Li (李) clan), claiming he was weak.Instead, married to Ashina Duobi, who was created Illig Qaghan.
She was killed in confusion when Tang general Li Jing attacked khagan's encampment with Li Shiji in 630, Battle of Yinshan.
Tahir Ali is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Hall Green since the 2019 general election.
He served as part of the council's cabinet from 2012 to 2016, his responsibilities including development, jobs, skills, transport and the economy.
He was selected as the Hall Green candidate after Hall Green Constituency Labour Party members overwhelmingly voted to open selections for their Parliamentary Candidate in October 2019.
The snap general election called for 12 December meant that the candidate selection process was undertaken by the Labour Party's National Executive Committee.
The campaign was marred by intimidation from former MP Roger Godsiff's supporters, resulting in three police investigations, one arrest for malicious communications and police patrols outside polling stations.
Anthony James Holland Mangnall (born 12 August 1989) is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Totnes since the 2019 general election.
At the 2019 general election, he defeated incumbent MP Sarah Wollaston, a former Conservative who had defected to the Liberal Democrats.
Scott Lloyd Benton is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected to at the 2019 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackpool South.
He was a member of SPUC (Society for the Protection of Unborn Children), a pro-life, anti-abortion (even in cases of rape) lobbying group that also campaign against same-sex marriage and sex education in schools.
He studied at Queen's University Belfast for undergraduate, and earned two masters degrees, one from the London School of Economics and the second from Wadham College, University of Oxford.
He was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for Bolton North East in the 2019 general election, ultimately winning the seat with a 0.9% majority with a swing of 4.7%.
He was one of the first foreign players that arrived in Romania after the 1989 Revolution and the first African player to play in the Romanian top division Divizia A.
She was named after Mary Cullom Kimbro, a stewardess on board the passenger ship when she was sunk by , 1 July 1942.
On 12 July 1949, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York.
20 years after the events in No Orchids for Miss Blandish, Miss Blandish's daughter and John Blandish's teenage grand daughter Carol Blandish is lodged in a lunatic asylum.
John Blandish refuses to have anything to do with her as she is an illegitimate grand daughter born to his now deceased daughter when she was held captive by Slim Grisson 20 years ago.
Carol is sent to the asylum when she begins to display homicidal tendencies like Slim Grisson and a tendency to attack people's eyes.
Nevertheless, John Blandish, before his demise, puts his entire fortune in her name and in the care of a trust that wishes to keep the fortune and ensure that she is confined in the asylum as an 'insane person', lest Carol decides to claim her due inheritance.
Carol is found by a speeding truck driver in the storm, which she takes over and topples over a valley, killing the driver and going unconscious.
Roy is hiding from Max and Frank Sullivan-the Sullivan Brothers, two dreaded hitmen whose existence is unknown, out to kill him on contract for betraying Roy's boss.
They attack and kill Steve and break away before the cops arrive, but not before Carol manages to blind Frank Sullivan.
This lady happens to be Carol Blandish in a new 'Avatar', who has been hunting the Sullivans and has found Frank, who cannot recognise her.
She pretends to look after him, takes him and drops him midway in the city traffic, getting him killed by speeding vehicles.
At the end of the event, Miss Kerala 2018, Pratibha Sai along with actor Shane Nigam crowned Ansi Kabeer as the winner.
These tasks are evaluated by a judging panel on the basis of presentation, language proficiency, confidence, creativity, intelligent and external grooming's like hair, makeup and styling.
Eliminations are done at the end of each phases and at the end of first phase, a total number of Top 100 contestants were shortlisted for the third phase.
The highest point in Indonesia is Puncak Jaya, in Papua, at 4,884 metres (16,024 feet), which ranks the country as 28th by highest point.
Several of the peaks in the list are unnamed, and are better known by the mountain range in which they are located.
Otley died suddenly in 1922, and Telling was appointed as acting general secretary of the union, winning an election to the permanent post in September.
Telling immediately began reforming the union, ensuring that regional representatives could take seats on the executive, and appointing accountants to audit the union’s accounts, rather than electing members to fill the role.
On 29 March 1941, he suffered a serious accident while travelling in a motorcycle sidecar, and took several months' sick leave.
The process to elect a replacement left him in office for a further year, but an operation near the end of 1949 led him to take several weeks off work.
In retirement, he received a pension from the union, but this increased in line with inflation, rather than wage increases in the industry.
James Sunderland is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bracknell since the 2019 general election.
The race was run over 67 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Cooper T45.
The field also included many Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Tony Brooks who took third place in a Cooper T43.
The choice of law clause stated that the contract would be governed pursuant to the laws in force at the office of W, which was Montreal.
In that regard, a reconditioned crankshaft was mounted onto a new bedplate at W's factory in Zwolle in November 2006 and delivered to the ship at Halifax in February 2007.
The crankshaft sustained a catastrophic failure in October 2009, while the vessel was on route on the Saint Lawrence River near Les Escoumins.
W also stated that the warranty period specified in the contract had already expired, which was allowed under Canadian maritime law, while D submitted that such limitation clauses are not enforceable in Quebec civil law insofar as they concern latent defects.
In the majority ruling, Mainville JA stated that the lower court had erred in law by not noting that Canadian maritime law explicitly included matters concerning the supply of ships as well as their construction and repair.
Appeal was allowed with costs throughout, setting aside the judgment of the Court of Appeal and restoring that of the Superior Court.
The Justices split 6-3 as to the reasoning behind the ruling, and both sides were at variance with the reasons given by the lower courts.
The Court observed that the Court of Appeal's analysis was incomplete, having stopped without considering whether there could be provincial jurisdiction as well in the matter.
The minority held that jurisdiction was ultimately based on an analysis of its pith and substance, and stated that both courts below had erred in their application of the test.
It therefore did not arise in the present context, and so the property and civil rights power within provincial jurisdiction applied.
The Court's observation that the paramountcy doctrine did not apply where the Parliament of Canada has not legislated on a particular aspect is seen as an invitation for such action to take place.
By holding that Canadian maritime law is a body of law separate from either common or civil law, and that the dispute could have been avoided by a more precisely worded choice of law clause, parties to future maritime contracts will need to carefully consider consequences of their drafting.
Luka Garza (born December 27, 1998) is an American college basketball player, of Bosnian descent, for the Iowa Hawkeyes of the Big Ten Conference.
Garza watched video tapes that his father collected of former National Basketball Association (NBA) post players like Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and attempted to recreate their moves.
He stood as a freshman attending Maret School in Washington, D.C. but was not able to dunk a basketball until he was a sophomore.
Garza led Maret to the District of Columbia State Athletic Association (DCSAA) title game and earned D.C. Gatorade Player of the Year honors.
He was a four-star recruit and chose to play college basketball for Iowa over offers from Georgetown, Georgia and Notre Dame, among others.
He had his first double-double of 11 points and 13 rebounds the following game in a win over Alabama State and was named Big Ten freshman of the week.
He followed this up with 21 points and 10 rebounds in a 72–52 win over Minnesota and was named Oscar Robertson National Player of the Week.
In an 84–68 win against Iowa State on December 12, Garza had a tooth jarred loose after taking an elbow from teammate Joe Wieskamp.
Both of Garza's parents have basketball experience: his father, Frank, played collegiately at Idaho, and his mother, Šejla, played professionally in Europe.
The 2020 Netherlands Quadrangular Series is an upcoming cricket tournament that is scheduled to take place in June 2020 in the Netherlands.
The series will be played between the Netherlands, Namibia, Oman and the United States, with all the matches played as One Day Internationals (ODIs).
On December 13, 2017, he resigned from the South Carolina legislature after pleading guilty to a charge of misconduct while in office.
The prosecutor David Pascoe had initially charged Quinn with two counts of misconduct, a charge of common law misconduct, and a charge of statutory law misconduct, but Quinn plead guilty to just one charge.
Prosecutor David Pascoe appealed his own plea deal with Rick Quinn Jr. to the South Carolina Supreme Court arguing that the initial judge overseeing the case had shown bias.
Bellavia Ribeiro-Addy is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament for Streatham since the 2019 general election.
Privately educated at the independent Streatham & Clapham High School, Ribeiro-Addy graduated as a Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Science with Ethics & Philosophy of Science from the University of Bradford later gaining a Master of Arts in Medical Law & Ethics at Queen Mary University of London, awarded in 2007, and a Graduate Diploma in Law at BPP Law School, awarded in 2015.
She was the National Black Students' Officer for the National Union of Students (NUS) from 2008 to 2010, national co-ordinator of the Student Assembly Against Racism, and the national convenor of the NUS' Anti-Racism/Anti-Fascism campaign.
She was the Labour candidate at the 2019 general election for Streatham, where she won with a majority of 17,690 ahead of second-place Liberal Democrat candidate Helen Thompson.
Breein Tyree (born January 13, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Ole Miss Rebels of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Raised in the Somerset section of Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey, Tyree played basketball, football, lacrosse and soccer in high school.
As a sophomore, he played soccer for the United States at an international youth tournament in Europe, but his mother soon drew him away from the sport.
As a junior, he averaged 18.8 points, 4.9 assists and 3.3 steals per game and was named Greater Middlesex Conference (GMC) player of the year.
He was named first team all-conference and second team all-state, and led St. Joseph to the Greater Middlesex Conference Tournament championship.
Tyree was considered a three-star recruit and committed to play college basketball for Ole Miss over offers from Kansas State, UMass and USC, among others.
As a sophomore, Tyree averaged 10.8 points, 2.8 assists and 2.2 rebounds per game on a team that only won 12 games.
Tyree scored a season-high 31 points in an 81–71 win against Vanderbilt and was named SEC player of the week on January 7, 2019.
He had 31 points on February 23 in an 80–64 win over Georgia and took a knee before tipoff to protest a Confederacy rally in the area.
His cousin, David Tyree, played in the National Football League (NFL) and won Super Bowl XLII with the New York Giants after making the famous Helmet Catch.
Following success at junior level, she competed at the Queensland Championships several times, winning on four occasions (1935, 1937, 1939 and 1940).
Also in 1939, Hardcastle, in partnership with Emily Hood Westacott, reached the final of the women's doubles of the Australian Championships, losing to duo Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne.
The men's tournament of Ice hockey at the 1999 Asian Winter Games at Gangneung, South Korea, was held from 30 January to 6 February 1999.
The women's tournament of Ice hockey at the 1999 Asian Winter Games at Gangneung, South Korea, was held from 30 January to 4 February 1999.
Diego Calvanese is an Italian Computer Scientist and Professor at the Faculty of Computer Science at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano.
Diego graduated in electronic engineering (110/110 cum laude) at Sapienza University, Rome, where he also completed his Ph.D. in Computer Science.
The following is a list of women classical cellists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in the field of classical music.
Four matches were played in Moscow, Russia, one match was held in Pilsen, Czech Republic and one match as an outdoor game in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Born with multiple physical disabilities —  short forearms, no hands, a deformed left knee, and a short right leg stump — Safiyah was adopted at the age of three by Sabah al Bahlani, a single mother.
Sabah al Bahlani had been trained in the United States as a Community Health Educator and was working at the time for the Ministry of Health in Oman in a program to educate parents about children with disabilities.
She had speech difficulties as a child and when tested was found to be totally deaf in one ear, as well as tongue-tied.
She had been drawing since she was a child, but it was when she turned fourteen that she realized that she want to become a professional artist.
When she moved to Jordan in 2007, she chose to change her interest of study to animation, but she continued to paint and held her first solo art exhibit in Jordan with 38 pieces that she had collected in February 2010.
She felt that doing oil and acrylic paintings of the designs was not creative enough; she embellished the paintings with embroidery and traditional Omani tassels.
Her second solo exhibit, 'The Growing Journey', was held in December of 2012, at the Bank Muscat and included over 70 paintings.
Al Bahlani has spoken a number of times on the subject of being a creative artist and a person with disabilities.
In this talk, she and her mother spoke about the circumstances that brought them together and how they feel that everyone has a unique purpose.
Osiris is otherwise not well attested in the Fifth Dynasty and there is a scholarly debate going on, about the first mentioning of Osiris in Ancient Egyptian sources.
Rachel Loveridge (born 5 July 1980) is a retired British rower who participated in the women's eights in international level events.
Veniamin Iosifovich Goldfarb (; February 1, 1941 – November 12, 2019) was a Soviet scientist, Doctor of Technical Science, professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation who is known for his contribution in the field of gears.
After graduating from High School N30 in 1957, he was accepted to Izhevsk Mechanical Institute, which he graduated from in 1962 with a Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering.
in 1998 he become a head of Gearing Technical Committee within International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM).
After 10 years of active involvement he become a member of IFToMM's executive committee and later, in 2012, professor Goldfarb was elected to become a Vice-President of IFToMM.
China-Arab states special loans are two special credit lines established by China in announcements in 2016 and 2018 in the amount of US$15 billion and $20 billion respectively.
Both announcements were made in speeches given by Chinese President Xi Jinping that called for jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, China's global economic connectivity plan.
The $15 billion special loan for infrastructure and manufacturing was announced in January 2016 during a visit by President Xi at the Arab League.
The loan program in 2016 was announced as part of a larger financial package that had a heavy emphasis on business and investment.
In addition to the $15 billion special credit line, US$10 billion of commercial loans and US$10 billion of concessional loans (foreign aid loans) were announced.
The 2018 announcement took on a different tone from the one in 2016 with pledges of help for reconstruction of war torn countries.
Also announced in 2018 was a China-Arab Countries Interbank Association with $3 billion in funding from China Development Bank for interbank credits with local banks in the region.
Elstob's career with the Royal Navy began as a clerk at The Admiralty, with him promoted to assistant paymaster in August 1906.
He made his debut in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1913.
He served with the navy during the First World War and was promoted to the rank of paymaster commander in August 1918.
He was made an OBE in the 1919 Birthday Honours for services rendered while serving as secretary to Rear-Admiral Cecil Dampier.
Elstob later made a second and final first-class appearance for the Royal Navy against the British Army at Lord's in 1923.
He returned to Marlborough College in 1933, alongside two other Old Marlburians who had served on the recently scrapped , where he presented the ship's bell to the college.
He held the rank of paymaster commander by 1935, with promotion to the rank of paymaster captain coming in July of the same year.
Elstob served in the first year of the Second World War, before being placed on the retired list in August 1940.
They lost 1 to Labour, 2 to the Lib Dems, and 7 to the SNP, giving them a net gain of 48 seats.
Labour lost 54 to the Conservatives and gained 1 (Putney), and lost 6 to the SNP and 1 to Speaker, giving them a net loss of 60 seats.
The SNP gained 7 from the Conservatives, 6 from Labour, and 1 from the Lib Dems also losing 1 to them, making an SNP net gain of 13 seats.
The Lib Dems gained 3 seats (2 Conservative and 1 SNP) and lost 4 (3 to Conservatives and 1 to SNP) leaving them 1 down.
In Northern Ireland, the SDLP gained 2 (from Sinn Fein and DUP), Sinn Fein 1 (from DUP) and Alliance 1 (formerly independent Unionist).
– 6 July 1861, Nevada) was an American outlaw, reputed to have killed eleven men and often accused of being a coward and a bully, inclined to unprovoked violence when intoxicated.
In the American West of that time, outlaws often used aliases and their exploits were often exaggerated by themselves and by tellers of tall tales.
Newspaper accounts might have subordinated the truth to telling a good story, selling newspapers, and maintaining a good image for influential people, such as saloon keepers and lawyers.
According to Myron Angel's history, in defending his claim in Fiddletown, California in 1854, Sam Brown was convicted of killing three Chileans and wounding a fourth and served two years in San Quentin State Prison.
The accounts of Brown's death suggest that in celebrating his 30th birthday he became drunk and started a fight with Henry Van Sickles, who chased him on horseback and then shot him dead.
The 2020 NCAA Division I Softball season, play of college softball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began February 6, 2020.
The season will progress through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and will conclude with the 2020 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and 2020 Women's College World Series.
The Women's College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament will be held annually in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium, will end in June 2020.
Of the 31 Division I athletic conferences that sponsor baseball, 27 end their regular seasons with a single-elimination tournament or a double elimination tournament.
The winners of these tournaments, plus the Big West, Mountain West, Pac-12, and West Coast Conference regular-season champions, receive automatic invitations to the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament.
This table lists programs that changed head coaches at any point from the first day of the 2020 season until the day before the first day of the 2021 season.
Of these, 95.9% spoke Russian, 1.3% Latvian, 0.9% Estonian, 0.6% German, 0.4% Karelian, 0.3% Yiddish, 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Finnish as their native language.
Associação Desportiva Freipaulistano, or Freipaulistano, as they are usually called, is a Brazilian football team from Frei Paulo in Sergipe, founded on August 29, 2016.
Bawlte Rohmingthanga (born 2 January 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Forward for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
He made his professional debut for the Indian Arrows side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Aizawl F.C..
The Anderson-Prichard Oil Corporation (reporting mark: APCO), a regional oil refinery and gasoline distributor, began operation in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1919, founded by Steve J. Anderson and Lev H. Prichard, Sr.
By August 1920, J. Steve Anderson joined the company as Secretary and Treasurer, and Lev Prichard was promoted from Vice President to being President.
AP&C assumed control of the Cyril Refining Company of Cyril, Oklahoma, but due to poor capitalization and debt that had been taken on to obtain services and equipment, AP&C was liquidated in January 1922.
The refinery was operated in the name of the Apco Refining Company until February 26, 1923, when all of the company's stock was sold to the latest business entity of the partners, the Anderson-Prichard Oil Corporation, which had also been separately organized and incorporated in Oklahoma in June 1922, with authorized capital of 1,000 shares of $100 par value stock.
The Kan-O-Tex gasoline brand name and reporting mark were acquired by the Anderson-Prichard Oil Corporation in October, 1953, and were likely continued in use for a while before being replaced by Anderson-Prichard's main brand usage.
However, by February 1954, Anderson-Prichard company negotiated an agreement with the American Oil Company that allowed them to use the APCO branding under geographic limitations, and design limitations that would keep the respective companies' logos visually distinct.
In 1960, Lev H. Prichardson sold the bulk of the company's assets for $123.3 million to four investor groups, including Occidental, Seagram, and Brookston Oil.
Kelly Gas Station & General Store was an Anderson-Prichard gas station located in Cogar, Oklahoma, and appeared in a scene in the film, Rain Man, starring Tom Cruise and Dustin Hoffman.
The Mandalorian reaches out to his old friend Ran, who has assembled a crew consisting of ex-Imperial sharpshooter Mayfeld, the Devaronian strongman Burg, the droid pilot Zero, and the knife-wielding Twi'lek woman Xi'an, to rescue Xi'an's brother Qin, a prisoner of the New Republic.
Upon arrival on the prison ship, they fight through security droids and make it to the control room where a New Republic soldier triggers a beacon alerting the New Republic.
Ran attempts to send a gunship after the Mandalorian to kill him, but the New Republic beacon had been placed on Qin, leading a trio of X-wings to Ran's station.
The last scene shows Mayfeld, Burg, and Xi'an nursing their wounds in a cell on the prison transport, having been spared.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 81% with an average rating of 7.62/10, based on 27 reviews.
Yoo Ui-dong (Korean: 유의동, born 13 August 1971) is a South Korean conservative politician who is a Member of National Assembly for Pyeongtaek 2nd constituency since 2014.
Following the graduation, he worked as a secretary for the ex-Prime Minister Lee Han-dong, as well as an aide for a former MP Ryu Ji-young.
Yoo was elected as the MP for Pyeongtaek 2nd constituency at the 2014 by-election, after the election of Lee Jae-young was nullified.
When Yoo Seong-min was elected as the party's President on November 2017, Yoo was appointed as the chief spokesperson and served till the party was merged into Bareunmirae Party.
On 18 May 2017, 10 Bareun and Liberty Korea MPs including Yoo proposed an amendment, which prohibits governmental researchers to be involved in politics, in order to reinforce political neutrality.
On 15 July 2019, Yoo and Paek Seung-joo, Liberty Korea MP for Gumi 1st constituency, submitted a motion to the National Assembly to dismiss the Minister of National Defence, Jeong Kyeong-doo.
On 1 December, Yoo's Bareunmirae membership was suspended, as a member of the dissident group, Emergency Action for Change and Innovation.
She won a silver medal aged just seventeen at the 2017 European Athletics U20 Championships in Grosseto, Italy and in 2018 gained the British junior pole vault record of 4.53 metres.
She also won three gold medals at the 2018 Junior Pan Pacific Championships, and was a gold medalist in the 100m back at 2019 Pan American Games.
Additionally, she was a gold medalist in the 100m back at the 2019 Toyota U.S. Open, beating the world record holding Regan Smith.
Bacon began swimming during the summer at the age of 3 for the Tallyho Foxes, and later joined Nation's Capital Swim Club, the same club as Katie Ledecky, at the American University site.
An urban wealth fund (UWF) is an investment fund that is set up to manage the assets of a city, often with the objective of maximizing return on the assets as a means of generating revenue for the city government.
Such funds are publicly owned by the city but administered by an independent management structure that is free from political influence and concentrates on maximization of value.
Some economists and politicians advocate for the establishment of UWFs as a means of making more efficient use of city-owned assets such as land in order to generate revenue without necessarily resorting to tax increases or borrowing.
The company was established after the original Telltale Games filed for assignment in October 2018 and were forced to shut down and sell off assets.
LCG Entertainment had been able to acquire the rights to much of the original Telltale intellectual property (IP), including branding, games, and game licenses, and announced in August 2019 they would be bringing the old Telltale Games titles back.
While the studio continued to build on its successes, the period leading up to 2016 created a lot of internal strife within Telltale, focusing on quantity of titles released over quality, and led to underperforming sales of hastily-produced titles.
However, after a few major deals fell through in September 2018, Telltale announced its immediate closure, cancelling all current projects, and by October 2018, had filed for assignment.
In February 2019, the company started to negotiate with Sherwood Partners, the company managing the liquidation of Telltale's properties, to acquire much of remaining Telltale licenses and games.
LCG gained a number of investments to help secure the purchase, including Athlon Games and video game industry figures Chris Kingsley, Lyle Hall, and Tobias Sjögren.
On August 28, 2019 LCG publicly announced the acquisition of much of the Telltale Games assets, and that it would be doing business as Telltale Games in the future.
Among the company's plans were to republish the back catalog of Telltale Games they had acquired, working with Athlon Games as a publishing partner.
Subsequently, the company took over the current publishing support of those games it has acquired the license to for digital platforms such as Steam.
Some concern was raised on this announcement in the gaming industry, with some believing that the new company should pay all the debts incurred to the former Telltale Games staff or offer positions to all former employees, while others had called for a boycott on any games released by this company.
The company's goal was to start small with a staff of about 30 to 35 people by the end of 2020, using freelancing and outsource contracting until the company established itself, and then expand out.
To avoid the issues that plagued the former Telltale, Ottilie said that they will be making sure their business practices are sustainable, not growing too fast to be able to manage costs better.
While the old Telltale had planned and started work on a sequel to the game, all work had been cancelled when the company closed down.
For the revived sequel, the new Telltale brought on AdHoc Studio, a studio formed by former members from Telltale, who will focus on the game's narrative and cinematics, while Telltale will handle the gameplay and transition to the Unreal Engine.
Harmanpreet Singh (born 2 September 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Forward for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Seymour LeGrand Cromwell (April 24, 1871 – September 16, 1925) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
He was the eldest son of Esther Whitmore (née Husted) Cromwell (1846–1909) and Frederic Cromwell (1843–1914), a trustee of the Mutual Life Insurance Company.
His younger brother was Ellis Bowman Cromwell, who died aged 17 in 1892, and his younger twin sisters, Dorothea Katharine Cromwell and Gladys Louise Husted Cromwell.
His paternal grandparents were Mary Jane (née Kendall) Husted and Seymour Legrand Husted, one of the wealthiest men in Brooklyn who served as president of the Brooklyn City Railroad and of the Dime Saving Bank.
In 1896, he began his career on the Stock Exchange as a partner in the firm of Strong, Sturgis & Co., remaining with them until January 1, 1925.
In recognition of his work with French orphans after World War I, he was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor by the French Government.
Cromwell, a member of the Exchange since 1896, had previously been on the Board of Governors of the Exchange since May 1914.
After his retirement from the presidency of the Exchange, he focused on his own business as a partner in the firm of Strong, Sturgis & Co., with offices as 11 Wall Street.
On January 1, 1925, he became a member of the odd lot brokerage firm of Carlisle, Mellick & Co., with offices at 41 Exchange Place.
On November 29, 1899, Cromwell was married to Agnes Mabel Whitney (1874–1959), a suffragist who later became a poet and author.
She was a niece of Mary Stuart Whitney Kernochan (wife of J. Frederic Kernochan) and among her siblings was sister, Mary Stuart Whitney (wife of Robert Livingston Stevens; son of Edwin Augustus Stevens and Martha Bayard Stevens) and brothers, New Jersey Senator Arthur Whitney and Stephen Suydam Whitney Jr. (husband of Louise Mott Bell; niece of Isaac Bell Jr. and great-granddaughter of Dr. Valentine Mott).
In New York City, they resided at 169 East 74th Street (previously at 8 East 53rd Street), and had a country estate in Mendham, New Jersey that was gifted to Cromwell in 1892 by his father.
In 1927, his widow sold their New Jersey estate to the Sisters of Christian Charity (as a retreat and guest house) for $50,000, and later moved to 993 Park Avenue.
Cromwell died at the Morristown Hospital on September 16, 1925, at the age of 54, after he was thrown from a horse while riding near Bernardsville.
The Exchange closed so members could attend his services at St. Bartholomew's Church, followed by burial at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.
She was the first woman to serve on the New Jersey State Board of Education and the first on the New Jersey State Hospital Board.
Through his eldest son, he was a grandfather of champion oarsman Seymour Legrand Cromwell II (1934–1977), a Princeton graduate and naval architect who helped the United States win a silver medal in the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo.
A prominent figure in news journalism and major reporting, she was an anti-fascist and feminist activist who was part of the French group associated with the World Committee Against War and Fascism.
In 1905, she married Henri d'Ardenne de Tizac, curator of the Musée Cernuschi and author of novels under the pseudonym of Jean Viollis.
With her second husband, she became involved in literary journalism as a critic, columnist, serialist, and storyteller; they also co-authored novels.
During World War I, for the period of 1914 to 1916, she served as a nurse at the front, as well as at Bar-le-Duc and Sainte-Menehould.
She investigated the USSR of 1927 ten years after the Bolshevik Revolution, testified to the Afghan civil war in 1929, to the Indian revolt in 1930, accompanied the Minister for the Colonies, Paul Reynaud in Indochina in 1931, and followed in 1932 the Shanghai incident.
Close to communist intellectual circles, she joined the Resistance in the southern zone during World War II, and put her journalist experience to work for this commitment, spending the war years in Lyon and Dieulefit.
President Barack Obama nominated Dayson on July 11, 2011, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Stephanie Duncan-Peters.
On November 8, 2011, the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs held a hearing on her nomination and on the following day, November 9, 2011, the Committee reported her nomination favorably to the senate floor.
Dayson was born in New York City, raised in Chapel Hill, North Carolina and has lived in Washington, D.C. since 1994.
Palácio do Grilo (English: Grilo Palace) classified as Public Interest Monument since 2011, also known as the Palace of the Dukes of Lafões (Portuguese: Palácio dos Duques de Lafões), is located at the corner of Grilo Street with the Dukes of Lafões Sidewalk, standing in the Beato parish in the heart of the city of Lisbon.
The construction of the building is intimately related to a few historical contingencies that have witnessed the Palace's extensive erection process.
The Grilo Palace is set upon a pre-existent palatian structure located at the Grilo Farm that previously belonged to D. António de Mascarenhas.
This farm was constituted by a very large land property that ascended the uphill pronounced slope, known today as Dukes of Lafões Sidewalk.
Following Lisbon’s massive earthquake on the 1st November of 1755, it is attributed to D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança having refused to light up his residence on the occasion of the marriage between the Infant D. Pedro III and the king’s eldest daughter and future queen, D. Maria I, princess of Brazil.
The Duke D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança was one of the only two pretenders to the princess's hand, and consequently also to the portuguese throne as consort king.
It’s important to understand that this particular occurrence happened a few years after found himself in a dispute with his uncle, king D. John V of Portugal, that originated due to D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança’s romantic relationship with Luísa Clara de Portugal.
The 1st Duke of Lafões directed the construction of Grilo Palace after Lisbon’s massive earthquake on the 1st November of 1755.
D. Pedro Henrique was first given the opportunity however due to his premature death in 1761, it was delegated to the Duke’s younger brother: D. João Carlos de Bragança, Duke de Lafões.
The construction structures that integrate the current architectonic complex of Grilo Palace are constituted by the sum of the interventions made throughout the years.
The interior is synonymous of decorative programs around cultural diversity and erudition, there are sets of murals painting by Cyrillo Volkmar Machado and canvases from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they integrate theme lounges in the palace, such as the hall of the academy, the hall of Venus or the Chinese room.
The structure was arranged in L shape, having its major compound oriented in the North-South direction, being thus vertical to Tejo River whilst the structure's minor compound was in turn facing towards the river, as well as the public avenue.
The patio was located at the upper level of the street and could be accessed through a ramp that went under the shorter compound of the L shaped structure.
The main part of the palace, the larger body of the L shaped compound is, to this day, sensible to the already existing complex formed by the western wing.
The main section standing on the avenue was doubled forming a facade of 11 apertures divided in 2 levels: ground level and noble floor.
Similarly, the patio at the superior level with fairly approximate dimensions was also kept in the reconstruction project, with only minor corrections being necessary in order to maintain symmetry.
At the ground level, springing from the facade a great lounge was suggested, from which a simplified staircase would come to lead the way to a grand open ballroom, towering that same patio.
Taking advantage of the slope in a masterly way, this new building provided access directly into the patio through a ramp today known as Duke of Lafões Sidewalk.
At the same level and connected to this lounge, was displayed another partition of extensive spaciousness, presumably destined to become a library considering the delimited markings on the plant.
In opposition to the tradition of other Lisbon palaces, the Palacio do Grilo project is composed of a scholarly complexity, characteristic of whom was used to maneuver architecture as a theoretical exercise of styling and to whom great palatian constructions would extend throughout Europe.
The forest, part of the of forest in Ontario, is named after Ferdinand Larose, and is owned and managed by the county.
Recreational activities in the multi-purpose forest include hiking, mountain biking, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing, hunting and trapping, animal watching, horseback, ATV and snowmobile riding.
All of Eastern Ontario was originally forested with large stands of maple, white cedar, white pine and tamarack, as well as red pine wherever the soil was sandy.
Other than trapping for the fur trade, little to no human development occurred and the area remained untouched until the end of the 18th century.
Rivers that previously flowed year-round became intermittent or dried up, fires would burn out of control, the sandy soil eroded, and certain animal and plant species completely disappeared while other species proliferated to the point of becoming pests.
To address the problems, a replanting project was initiated in the 1920s, spearheaded by Ferdinand Larose who was the agricultural representative for the Counties of Prescott and Russell.
In 1928, Larose persuaded the Russell County Council to purchase from private landowners for reforestation in the Bourget Desert, and that same year, the first were planted in red pine, with Leo Lapalm of Bourget as planting foreman.
While the county owned the land, management was the responsibility of Ontario Department of Lands and Forests (now Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry).
Initially mostly red pine, white pine, and white spruce were planted, while later on poplar, birch, and other deciduous trees were added.
By 2016, more than 18 million trees had been planted and the first seedlings planted in 1928 had grown to about in height.
Based on the nearest climate station in Russell, the mean annual temperature in Larose Forest is for the period 1981-2010, up from for the period 1971-2000.
January is the coldest month of the year (with a daily average temperature of ) and July is the warmest month (daily average temperature of ).
Soils are mostly acidic fine sands of the well drained Uplands, imperfectly drained Rubicon, and poorly drained Saint-Samuel series, all of which have a classic podzol appearance in undisturbed areas.
Whereas in 1994 the density of moose in Larose Forest was 7.0 moose per 10 km, it had reduced to 2.2 per 10 km by 2007.
As of September 2016, 70 species of lichen have been identified, of which 2 are regionally or provincially rare or significant.
From 1978 until 1985 Naomi Kramer worked as a Director at the Galix Corporation in New York where she supervised three-hundred employees.
In 1985 she was employed as a Display Artist at Dawson Displays in Montreal, where she was responsible for several exhibitions at; Holt Renfrew, Northern Telecom, La Baie, and Philips International; Exhibits in the Museum of Science and Technology, Ottawa, ON; Catalogue of Cree Art, Canadian Museum of Civilization.
In her nine years as an Education Director, Naomi Kramer developed Docent Training Programmes, lectured at the McGill University, and created numerous multimedia educational programmes.
She oversaw the development of the first Canadian Jewish Museum Website, the creation of communal archival database, the budget implementation and writing reports to Federal Government.
Naomi Kramer is the President and founder (1995) of the Holocaust Education and Genocide Prevention Foundation (HGEP), a non-profit organization mandated to educate the public about the destructive powers of prejudice and discrimination.
In 1994, Naomi was designated as one of the first international partners of the Verein Austrian Service Abroad, Gedenkdienst the Republic of Austria's program to place young Austrians as volunteers at Holocaust and peace related institutions in lieu of compulsory military service.
An early pioneer of bilingual tolerance-based programming across Canada, Naomi spearheaded the launch of an annual symposium at Vanier College on the Holocaust and Genocide now entering its 28th year.
In Italy, Naomi organized a round table discussion with Father Norbert Hoffmann, Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews in Vatican City.
In Vienna, the students were hosted by City Councillor, Tanja Whesley at the Rathaus and by Canadian Ambassador, Mark Bailey at his residence.
In Linz the group visited Mauthausen and met with Niklas Frank, son of infamous war criminal Hans Frank and Gauleiter of Poland during the Second World War.
Visualizing memory presents the exhibits, Leo Haas, the works of an artist interned in the Terezín concentration camp (Theresienstadt 1939-1945) and Theresienstadt, impressions of Terezín (1993) by contemporary artists from the Anton Lehmden Master Class at the Academy of Visual Arts, Vienna.
The exhibit poignantly illustrates how our surroundings and past influence art and how art can be used to encourage critical thinking, prompting us to seek our own answers.
It was launched in Canada's Parliament and has been shown in Ottawa, Montreal, and at the Austrian Embassy in Washington, DC.
Children in the Holocaust: A Legacy is a didactic narrative, which focuses on the tragic experiences of children during the Shoah.
The theme encourages the viewer to have the moral courage to care and respond when confronted either by our own prejudice or that of others.
The exhibit has been shown extensively across North America including the State Capitol in Austin Texas, the University of Colorado, and in Montreal, Canada at the Maison de la Culture, International Child Survivor Conference, International Physician's Conference on Bereavement, Concordia and McGill Universities.
La caravane de la tolerance includes a pedagogical programme which, challenges students to confront the fact that we are all keepers of prejudice through the examination of contemporary genocides.
Kramer was an educational consultant to the Beitler Foundation for this exhibit, which was launched in the National Assembly of France and toured South Africa.
The secondary goal is the examination of the interplay and dynamics between political, cultural, and religious institutions from the perspective of state and local history.
It created unprecedented opportunities for dialogue between third generation Germans and Jews and was presented in cooperation with the Goethe Institute and the Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Arts.
The exhibit brings educational opportunities in the areas of tolerance, human rights, civil liberties, and Canada's role as an internationally recognized leader and promoter of minority group rights from within the history of Canadian Jews.
A unique feature of this exhibit is the custom designed database, which enabled all Canadian Jewish organizations to preserve and record their history.
On the 18th September 2019 Naomi Kramer received a Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria from the Austrian Ambassador to Canada, Dr. Stefan Pehringer.
Of these, 92.6% spoke Russian, 2.4% Latvian, 1.4% German, 1.1% Yiddish, 1.1% Polish, 0.4% Estonian, 0.4% Lithuanian, 0.2% Belarusian, 0.2% Finnish, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Karelian as their native language.
She was named after Frank Flowers, a veteran of the Spanish-American War, he served aboard , in the supply department, during WWI, and later served as steward and purser with the United States Lines.
On 26 October 1945, she was laid up in the Hudson River Reserve Fleet, Jones Point, New York, 26 October 1945.
In 1808 he assisted Edward O'Reilly, Dr. John Langian, and Father Paul'O'Brien (Professor of Irish at Maynooth College) in founding the Gaelic Society of Dublin, an effort to save the Irish language.
He died aged 24, on 26 October 1812 and is buried in Taney Parish, graveyard, Dundrum, with an inscription on his tomb by Dr. Lanigan.
He was elected as one of the three Conservative councillors for Cheam ward in the 2018 election, and sat on the council's People Committee and Scrutiny Committee.
His campaign included local promises to extend the London Overground to Sutton, and to oppose the settling of gypsies and travellers in the local area.
The S.S. Peter & Paul Catholic School in Butte, Nebraska, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
It was built and began operations in 1909, and is a typical example of such schools built in many Catholic communities of Nebraska in the early 20th century.
The first floor has two large classrooms with double doors that opened into a chapel room inbetween, and a central hall.
It is topped by a hipped roof with eight shingled dormers, a shingled belfry, and an air circulation vent with a white metal cross above.
On November 21, 2014, during the economic and banking crisis in Ukraine, there was introduced a new temporary administration of the bank.
VAB Bank, as well as 99 other Ukrainian banks among 180 (existing in 2013), was withdrawn from the market by the NBU decision.
It has provided all the banking operations that include: corporate and retail customer service, investment banking, international customer service, interbank operations.
At the end of 2010, the bank early repaid the NBU, what is more, at the beginning of 2011 repaid the bonds placed in August 2008, thus fully repaying internal borrowings.
According to the statement of militiamen, using official position, Maksimov insisted on granting loans for tens of UAH millions to the commercial structures controlled by him in 2008.
At the same time, the shareholders had to carry out their duties at the bank, including property obligations, and were responsible for keeping the confidential information secret.
The remaining number was related to the money of other banks and legal entities – 8% and 17% respectively; other borrowed funds – 14%; subordinated loans – 5%.
Despite the fact that the bank made a profit of UAH 1 million in the second quarter of 2014, the board of the NBU adopted a resolution on the classification of VAB Bank as insolvent on November 20, 2014, as the NBU press service reported.
Due to the refinancing of the bank by the NBU and other liabilities, as well as other withdrawn from the bank market by the NBU, the bank has had a debt to the NBU and the Deposit Guarantee Fund.
Oleg Bakhmatyuk has been the single one owner of the bank who suggested to repay the debt of the bank using a restructuring mechanism.
This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by Northern Irish constituencies for the 58th Parliament of the United Kingdom (2019–present).
Frank Lawrence Combes (1886 – 26 September 1948) was a British politician and trade unionist, who served on the London County Council.
In 1902, he joined the National Association of Operative Plasterers, and he soon became the secretary of the union's London No.2 branch.
He stood unsuccessfully for St Pancras North at the 1922 London County Council election, then in 1934, he won a seat in St Pancras South East.
The Chinese famine of 1907, also called Great Qing Famine was a crisis in Northern China which some claim 10 percent of the population of northern Jiangsu and parts of central China may have died.
The death toll could be as high as 25 million people, some claim that it is the second-worst famine in recorded history.
The 2019-20 Niagara Purple Eagles men's ice hockey season was the 24th season of play for the program, the 22nd at the Division I level, and the 10th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
In December 2018, a court ruled that Sytnik illegally released information about alleged illegal payments to Paul Manafort, however, that decision was annulled by an appeals court in July 2019.
In May 2019, the State Bureau of Investigation started criminal proceedings into the accusation that Sytnyk had several free vacations at a luxury hunting estate in Rivne Oblast, with friend and businessman Mykola Nadeyko paying the bill for hotel accommodation, food and expensive entertainment.
The court of first instance found Sytnyk guilty of corruption and sentenced him to a fine of UAH 3,400 (US$144 in 2019).
The Council of Heraldry and Vexillology (French: Conseil d’héraldique et de vexillologie) is the institution that advises the Government of the French Community of Belgium on all matters concerning civic, personal and familial arms and flags.
Its first purpose was to give the French Community its arms, to recognise the arms, seals and flags of cities and municipalities (communes) issued from fusions and to publish from its work, an armorial of the French Community of Belgium.
After this armorial was published in 2002, the council was charged in 2010 to give to the government opinions and advice regarding anything concerning arms of physical persons, families and family associations and their registry.
This mission was previously the role of the Royal Association Genealogical and Heraldic Office of Belgium (French: Association Royale Office Généalogique et Héraldique de Belgique).
The 2019–20 season is Bashundhara Kings's 3rd professional season since its creation in 2013, and its second consecutive season in the top-flight of Bangladesh football.
Madonna and Child with Saints is a c.1665 oil on canvas painting by Giovanni Marracci, now in Madonna del Carmine church in Pescaglia.
Jake Bennett (born 22 February 1996) is an English footballer who currently plays for side Coalville Town, where he plays as a defender.
Bennett made his debut for Sheffield United on 9 August 2017 in a EFL Cup fixture at home to Walsall which the home side won 2-1, Jake played for 58 minutes before being replaced by Chris Basham.
Ryazanovsky () is an urban locality (a work settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Yegoryevsk in Moscow Oblast, Russia.
Haywood Oaks is a hamlet and former civil parish, from Nottingham, now in the parish of Blidworth, in the Newark and Sherwood district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England.
Haywood Oaks was an extra-parochial area until 1858 when it became a separate parish, on 19 February 1988 the parish was abolished and merged with Blidworth.
Radek Pilař ( 23 April 1931 Písek - 7 February 1993) was a Czech artist active in illustrations , animation, graphics , painting , filmmaking , and film directing .
Joining Moss FK from Faaberg IL ahead of the 1998 season, he played two and a half seasons for them in Eliteserien and then three and a half seasons in Raufoss IL.
He also started a career in coaching, first for a Stabæk boys' team, later as player developer and assistant in Fram.
The National Union of Scalemakers was a trade union representing workers involved in making weighing scales in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Initially very small, the union expanded steadily, opening branches in Liverpool and Sheffield in 1910, and expanding into Wales in 1911, Scotland in 1912, and Ireland in 1918.
Wage reductions in the industry and poor organisation led to financial difficulties, which culminated in 1923 with the London branch splitting away.
The London branch claimed to represent the continuation of the union, and it was moderately successful, reaching 150 members by 1927.
The remainder of the union struggled to survive, making its general and financial secretary post part-time, and renaming itself as the Society of Scale Beam and Weighing Machinists.
It registered as a trade union in 1924 and affiliated to the Trades Union Congress (TUC), but declined to only 150 members.
The TUC was concerned about the conflict between the two unions, and brokered a merger, which took place at the start of 1928, although the union still had a membership of only 282.
In 1939, it was able to make the general and financial secretary position full-time again, and by 1949 it had a membership of 2,500.
In 1935, the union affiliated with the Scottish Trades Union Congress, with the Irish Trades Union Congress in 1945, and the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions in 1948.
In 1938, it began describing itself as an industrial union, representing all workers connected with the scalemaking trade, and the first woman joined the union in 1941.
The union repeatedly considered merging into the Amalgamated Engineering Union, but feared that its members interests would be neglected by the much larger union.
Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the governor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former governor may return to office after an interval of one term).
On April 15, 1959, President Carlos P. Garcia appointed Caibiran Mayor Uldarico R. Reyes as its first lieutenant governor of Biliran which was made as a sub-province of Leyte after the enactment of Republic Act No.
The St John Chrysostom Altarpiece is a 1510–1511 oil on canvas painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, that is kept in San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice.
The painting was commissioned in the will of Caterina Contarini Morosini (dated 13 April 1509), to be produced after her husband Nicolò's death; he died in May 1510.
However, he corrected this error in the 1568 edition of the work (Giorgione himself would not have had time to produce such a large work between Nicolò's death in May 1510 and his own death five months later), and attributed it to del Piombo.
To the left are Catherine of Alexandria, Mary Magdalene and Lucy and to the right are John the Baptist and Liberale, whilst in the centre are seated John Chrysostom and Nicholas of Bari.
The Custer County Courthouse in Broken Bow, Nebraska was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Custer County and Jail in 1979.
On 12 January 1948, while transporting coffins from New York to Antwerp, she caught fire and was abandoned east of New York.
Lily Emilie Grosser (born 2 June 1894 in Frankfurt, Germany; died 20 September 1968 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France) was a medal winner for her activism in Germany during World War I and fled to France during World War II where she was granted citizenship.
Until she was 18, she was allowed to leave the house on Mendelssohn Street in Frankfurt's Westend only in the company of a governess.
Like many young women at the time, she supported the German soldiers during World War I from her homeland through active relief measures, and for this she received the Cross of Merit for War Aid.
The conflict was hard on her family; her fiancé Max Koch from Kronberg im Taunus died in 1918 and her father Alfred died in 1919.
From 1921 to 1929, Paul served as chief physician of the Municipal Children's Home with children's clinic in Frankfurt's Jewish-influenced district of Westend.
On December 16, 1933, the family emigrated from Frankfurt am Main to Saint-Germain-en-Laye northwest of Paris by rail via Switzerland, However Paul Grosser died of a heart attack on February 7, 1934 at the age of 54.
With his death, Lily had to abandon Paul's plans to build a children’s sanatorium on the outskirts of the French capital.
On 1 October 1937 Lily Grosser and her children were given French citizenship through a decree by the Minister of Justice (and later President), Vincent Auriol; as a result, they were spared possible internment in a French camp.
In 1962 she received the Cross of Merit on the Ribbon of the Order of Merit from Germany for her tireless dedication toward improved relations between the two countries.
Of these, 83.4% spoke Russian, 15.5% Karelian, 0.4% Estonian, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.1% German, 0.1% Latvian and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
The Royal Association Genealogical and Heraldic Office of Belgium (French: Association Royale Office Généalogique et Héraldique de Belgique or OGHB) was founded in 1942 as an asbl and has over a thousand members interested in genealogy and heraldry.
Its main purpose is the historical study of families without distinction of social class or profession as well as the auxiliary sciences of history, such as genealogy and heraldry.
It used to record the arms of persons and families before this task was taken over by the Council of Heraldry and Vexillology for the French Community and the Flemish Heraldic Council for the Flemish Community.
Giovânia Domingas Campos (born 31 October 1985), simply known as Giovânia, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for São Paulo FC.
He was Mayor of Chichester 1421-2, 11 January 1423-Michaelmas 1424, Michaelmas 1426-7, May 1432-3, 1436 – 29 June 1438, 28 April 1440-1 and Michalemas 1447.
The Custer County Courthouse in Callaway, Nebraska was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as First Custer County Courthouse in 1990.
San Liberato or San Liberale (died 269) was a Christian martyr from Italy whose annual feast day is the 20 December.
Saint Liberato was buried in the Septem Palumbas cemetery on the Salaria Vecchia road, and his hagiography states that he was from a consular noble family but decided not to follow a political career.
He was arrested and sentenced to death in Rome under Claudius Gothicus, and some believe, according to tradition, that his body lies under the basilica dedicated to the martyr John.
An umm walad () was the title given to a slave concubine in the Muslim world after she had born her master a child.
The practice was a common way for slave girls endowed with beauty and intelligence to advance in the court, especially if they gave birth to sons; under the Abbasids and Ottomans, several of them were raised in rank to queen.
Win Bright (Japanese ウインブライト, foaled 12 May 2014) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his performances in Hong Kong.
He showed good early form, winning once as a juvenile and taking the Spring Stakes and Fukushima Kinen in the following year.
As a four-year-old he added a win over a strong field in the Nakayama Kinen but the rest of his form was unremarkable.
He reached his peak as a five-year-old in 2019 when he won the Nakayama Kimpai and a second Nakayama Kinen before capturing the Queen Elizabeth II Cup at Sha Tin Racecourse.
During his racing career he was trained by Yoshihiro Hatakeyama and raced in the black, white and red colours of Win Co Ltd.
He had a white blaze and white socks on his hind legs but these markings became less visible as his coat lightened.
He was from the eleventh crop of foals sired by Stay Gold a horse whose wins included the Dubai Sheema Classic and Hong Kong Vase in 2001.
Win Bright's dam Summer Eternity, from whom he inherited his colour, won three minor races in four seasons on the track between 2007 and 2010 Her grand-dam Miss Guelain was a half-sister to the dam of the Yushun Himba winner Cosmo Dream.
Win Bright began his racing career by finishing sixth in a contest for previously unraced juveniles over 1800 metres at Tokyo Racecourse on 26 June and then ran fifth in a maiden race over the same distance at Fukushima Racecourse four weeks later.
At Tokyo on 12 November the colt recorded his first success when he won a maiden from Meiner Raptis and eleven others.
On his final run of the year he finished second to Outliers in a minor race over 1600 metres at Nakayama Racecourse in December.
He was then stepped up in class for the Spring Stakes (a major trial race for the Grade 2 Satsuki Sho) over the same course and distance on 19 March and started the 8.1/1 fourth choice in the betting behind Satono Ares (winner of the Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes), Outliers, Tricolore Bleu and Monde Can Know.
After being settled towards the rear by Matsuoka he was switched to the outside in the straight and produced a sustained run to take the lead in last 100 metres and win by half a length from Outliers.
In the Shuka Sho over 2000 metres at the same track he started slowly, and never looked likely to win despite making late progress on the outside, coming home eighth of the eighteen runners behind Al Ain.
Win Bright was then stepped up in distance to contest the 2400 Tokyo Yushun on 28 May, in which he started a 133/1 outsider and finished towards the rear behind Rey de Oro after fading in the closing stages.
After a break of over four months Win Bright was matched against older horses in the Grade 2 Mainichi Okan over 1800 metres at Tokyo and finished tenth of the twelve runners behind Real Steel.
On his final run of the year the colt started the 4.4/1 second favourite for the Group 3 Fukushima Kinen on 12 November.
After racing in third place for most of the way, Win Bright went to the front early in the straight and held on to win by a neck from the six-year-old Suzuka Devious in a tight finish.
Win Bright's third campaign began at Nakayama on 6 January 2018 when he was beaten a neck into second place by the favoured Seda Brillantes in the Grade 3 Nakayama Kimpai.
At the same track on 25 February he contested the Grade 2 Nakayama Kinen and started at 4.3/1 in a ten-runner field which also included the Grade 1 winners Persian Knight (Mile Championship), Aerolithe (NHK Mile Cup) and Vivlos.
After racing in mid-division, Win Bright made a forward move approaching the final turn, overtook the front-running Maltese Apogee in the straight, and held off the late challenge of Aerolithe to win by a neck.
Win Bright was then moved up to Grade 1 class for the Osaka Hai at Hanshin Racecourse on 1 April but never looked likely to win and finished unplaced behind Suave Richard.
He returned to the track in autumn but failed to reproduce his best form in two races, finishing tenth to Logi Cry in the Fuji Stakes at Tokyo in October, and ninth to Stelvio in the Mile Championship at Kyoto Racecourse in November.
As in the previous year, Win Bright began his season in the Nakayama Kimpai and went one better than in 2018 as came with a strong late run on the outside to take the lead inside the last 100 metres and won by half a length from Stay Foolish at odds of 7.4/1.
In the following month he started at odds of 6/1 as he attempted to repeat his 2018 success in the Nakayama Kinen, facing ten rivals including Deirdre, Lucky Lilac, Epoca d'Oro, Stelvio and Suave Richard.
After racing in fourth place for most of the way Win Bright stayed on strongly in the straight and won by a neck and a head from Lucky Lilac and Stelvio.
For his next start Win Bright joined Lys Gracieux and Deirdre in a three-horse Japanese challenge for the Grade 1 Queen Elizabeth II Cup over 2000 metres at Sha Tin Racecourse in Hong Kong and started a 47/1 outsider in a thirteen-runner field.
The home contingent included Exultant (Hong Kong Vase), Glorious Forever (2018 Hong Kong Cup), Pakistan Star (winner of the race in 2018) and Time Warp (2017 Hong Kong Cup).
After starting slowly Win Bright settled in mid-division on the inside as Time Warp set the pace from Glorious Forever, before making a forward move on the final turn.
He briefly struggled to obtain a clear run in the straight but overtook Pakistan Star 100 metres from the finish and won by three quarters of a length from Exultant and Lys Gracieux.
When Win Bright returned to the track in autumn he ran disappointingly in the Sankei Sho All Comers at Nakayama in September and then finished unplaced when starting a 148/1 outsider for the autumn edition of the Tenno Sho at Tokyo a month later.
On 8 December the horse returned to Sha Tin for the Hong Kong Cup and started the 4.4/1 third choice in the betting behind the locally trained duo Furore (Hong Kong Derby) and Rise High (Sha Tin Trophy).
Win Bright settled behind the leaders took the lead 150 metres from the finish and held off the late challenge of Magic Wand to win by a nose.
In January 2020, at the JRA Awards for 2019, Win Bright was voted Best Older Male Horse, beating Indy Champ by 136 votes to 118.
The first stand-off between the main Darwiish army and the British army occurred on June 1901 in the town of Domco after the Darwiish army retreated from Baran in Sool province, formerly known as Nugaal territory and made Docmo their headquarters with 3,000 men being stationed there.
His mother died at a young age, so he left school and began working a variety of itinerant labor jobs to help support the family, including at an orchard and operating heavy machinery.
After getting married in the early 1960s and briefly living in Raleigh, he moved back to the mountains with his wife when she became homesick.
After returning home, a friend offered Coward a job as an outlaw gunfighter at an Old West ghost town amusement park in Maggie Valley.
While performing at the park with an assortment of acting school students working over their summer break, locals, and professional actors, an accident with a prop pistol resulted in two of his front teeth being knocked out.
Known actors, including Dan Blocker who starred on Bonanza, performed at the park, and one summer, based on his appearances on Gunsmoke, Burt Reynolds appeared there.
Salome with the Head of John the Baptist or The Daughter of Herodias is a circa 1510 oil on panel painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the National Gallery, London, to which it was left by Salting in 1910.
The work could also show Judith with the head of Holofernes, though the presence of a vase is more likely to confirm it as Salome.
He published four books on poetry, and published dozens of novels in the field of literary criticism and hundreds of articles in the field of literature and political analysis.
From 1991 to 2001, he worked as an editor and journalist for a number of newspapers, and he was also the editor-in-chief of some newspapers and publishing houses.
Since leaving Iran in 2001, he has worked as a political analyst for Iranian affairs and started collaborating with BBC Persian.
In 2008 he worked as the head of Radio Farda in the Czech capital Prague, and this Persian-speaking radio follows the United States-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
In 2010 he returned to London and took over the editorial position of the BBC Persian website, and since 2014 he has worked as a political analyst for Iranian affairs.
In addition to authorship, Barzegar was active in the field of criticism and literature, and in co-author with some writers in preparing and writing their books.
During his career, Berzger made seven documentaries, and also conducted lengthy interviews with Simin Behbahani, Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, Siavash Kasrai, Mohammad-Ali Sepanlou, Esmail Khoi, Javad Mojabi and Shams Langeroodi.
Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and the Hawaiian Islands (PPGNHI) filed a lawsuit on the State of Alaska over an abortion law on December 12, 2019.
Leadbeater was educated at the University of Edinburgh where she was awarded a Bachelor of Science in Biology in 2001 and Leiden University where she did a MSc in Evolutionary and Ecological Science in 2004.
Leadbeater was a research fellow at the Institute of Zoology and then a lecturer at Royal Holloway, University of London where in 2019 she was appointed Professor of Ecology and Evolution.
She has looked at how bumblebees can learn where to find nectar, by watching other bees within an arena choose a particular flower colour that bears nectar, and then choosing the same colour flower when they enter the arena.
Leadbeater's team have studied the honey bee waggle dance, looking at the specific genes in the bee brain that are switched on following the dance, to see how changes in the environment affects the bee foraging and communication to others.
Her work has also looked at the effect of insecticide toxicity on bees and she supported the 2013 EU moritorium and later ban on neconicotinoid insecticides.
Her work has shown that chemical insecticides can affect bee learning and memory, such as remembering which flowers near a colony have nectar or have been emptied.
She has advised caution on new insecticide products such as Sulfoxaflor and her team found that the compound affected bumblebee colony reproduction, with colonies exposed to the compound not producing new queens and subsequent work showed that exposed colonies laid fewer eggs with fewer bumblebee larvae hatching.
Woman as a Wise Virgin is a circa 1510 oil on canvas painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington.
It was later recorded in Edward White's collection in London in 1870 and - via a Christie's auction and with Colnaghi as an intermediary - then passed to Sir Francis Cook at Doughty House in Richmond upon Thames.
His descendants eventually sold it in 1947 to the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, who donated it to its present owner in 1952.
The European Masters Mountain Running Championships is a biennial one-day international competition in mountain running for masters athletes aged 35 and over, organised by European Masters Athletics.
The competition will incorporate trail running for the first time in 2020, as the European Masters Mountain and Trail Running Championships.
The 2019 Big East Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big East Conference held from November 3 through November 10, 2019.
The 1958–1959 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1958–59 NCAA University Division men's basketball season.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his eleventh year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.
A total of 16 teams compete in the group stage to decide the eight places in the knockout stage of the 2020 OFC Champions League.
The 16 teams (14 teams entering the group stage and two teams advancing from the qualifying stage) were drawn into four groups of four.
Sant'Apollonia Altarpiece is a 1761 oil on canvas painting by Pietro Scalvini, still on its original site on a side altar in the church of San Giuseppe in Brescia.
Its central figures are Saint Apollonia adoring the Madonna and Child, with Catherine of Alexandria and Saint Lucy at lower left and cherubs holding the palms and crowns of martyrdom at lower right.
On 15 April 1944, he was appointed the Atlantic Coast director of the WSA, responsible for all cargo and ship movement on the East Coast.
A professor of medicine at the University of Oslo from 1978, he was a recognized specialist in dermatology and venereology from the year before.
Murphy was elected as a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Wayne County 1st district on November 4, 1924.
Like other years, the tournament was held under a Final Four format, played by four teams, and included a third-place game.
For the second time, the National Basketball Association (NBA) opted to send the NBA G League champions, rather than the NBA champions.
Elizabeth Mary Sadoques Mason (May 16, 1897 – September 24, 1985) was one of the first American Indian Registered Nurses known in United States.
Though not much is known about her career, Elizabeth finished nursing school in New York in 1911 and worked as a nurse to author Abbot Handerson Thayer.
Originally from Odanak Reserve, in Quebec, Canada, the family migrated and lived in Keene, New Hampshire, where they opened a new business of basketmaking.
Elizabeth herself found out that one of her ancestors was Eunice Williams, an English woman who married an Arosen, a Mohawk.
After reaching out to the Williams family, and claiming to be decendants of Williams family, a revolution started between native Indians and Williams about their right for land in Deerfield, Massachusetts where Williams resided.
On the Continental Cup circuit, he won his first race on 22 January 2016 in Sapporo, and repeated the feat in January 2017 in Bischofshofen.
He made his FIS Ski Jumping World Cup debut in 30 January 2016 in Sapporo with a 37th place, collecting his first World Cup points on the next day with a 28th place.
He improved to a 25th and 21st place in February 2017 in Oberstdorf and broke the top 20 for the first time in March 2017 in Planica, where he finished 18th.
He finished seventh in the normal hill event at the 2016 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships and 23rd at the 2016 Ski Flying World Championships.
He competed at the World Ski Championships in 2017 and 2019, his best placements being 7th in the team competition in 2017 and 8th in the team competition in 2019.
He competed in the men's tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and was part of the team that won the bronze medal.
Andrew John Carter is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Warrington South in the 2019 general election.
She was named after Robert F. Burns, a Merchant marine killed when torpedoed , off North of Cayenne, French Guiana, 29 August 1942.
In 1977, GCAC's funding was greatly expanded when the Columbus City Council authorized them to draw funds from the local hotel bed tax.
Steady growth over the years has led to GCAC currently supporting hundreds of organizations annually through grants with a combined total of millions of dollars.
He competed in the men's tournament at the 1904 Summer Olympics, and was part of the team that won the bronze medal.
The 8th Syracuse Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 13 April 1958 at Syracuse Circuit, Sicily.
The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by Italian driver Luigi Musso in a Ferrari Dino 246, who also took pole position and fastest lap.
Between the 15th and the 17th of April 1903, Gumburka Cagaarweyne (the outskirts of Gumburka Cagaare) was the scene of the biggest military victory of the Darwiish over the British thus far.
The British fatalities included nearly 200 British infantry, with all accompanying commissioned officers being killed including general Arthur Plunkett, general Herbert Edward Olivey, colonel Herbert Humphrey, colonel Mckinnon, Lieutenant Gaynor, Captain Johnston Stewart, Lieutenant E.W.
Olera Altarpiece is a c.1486-1488 oil on panel nine-panel altarpiece by Cima da Conegliano, housed in the parish church in Olera.
The upper central panel shows the Madonna and Child, above a register of four saints (left to right, Catherine of Alexandria, Jerome, Francis of Assisi and Lucy).
The lower panels are full-length and show (from left to right) Sebastian, Peter, John the Baptist and Roch to the right.
Carrot virus Y (CarVY) is a (+)ss-RNA virus that affects crops of the carrot family (Apiaceae), such as carrots, anise, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill and parsnip.
The symptoms of CarVY in carrot foliage may include chlorotic mottle (irregular small yellow patches), marginal leaflet necrosis or reddening, generalised chlorosis of leaves, and plant stunting.
This is a result of the virus using the plant as a host, as the plant's energy is diverted to the virus rather than to the plant's growth.
However, others can express symptoms that are so mild that they are difficult to see even upon close inspection of affected plants.
When carrot plants become infected with CarVY at an early stage in the growth cycle, they portray stubby roots with severe distortion and knobliness (the ‘Michelin carrot’ syndrome).
Furthermore, in plants infected early, the tops of the roots tend to emerge from the soil and become exposed to the sun.
Carrots infected later in the growth cycle do not display such dramatic deformations, but are still considered less-desirable and are sold and a significantly lower price.
By feeding on the sap of the carrot plant, aphids injest the virus of the host, which they can later transmit to other uninfected plants that they will feed on.
Other colonizing species, such as Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid) and D. apiifolia (hawthorn parsley aphid), can also be successful virus vectors.
If CarVY is confirmed to be transmissible in future research, it is expected that it will only be at low levels, as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), a potyvirus, is only transmissible at very low levels.
If an aphid is able to successfully take up a virion, and the virion remains stable, the virus can be transmitted to a new host.
Their mouthparts consist of a needle-like stylet that is capable of piercing plant cells walls in order to feed on the plant’s sugary sap.
Aphids can facilitate the uptake and delivery of virions into plant cells without causing too much irreversible damage to the host.
The purpose of the second step of transmission is the stable retention of acquired virions in the vector at specific sites.
The replication cycle of CarVY have not been explicitly studied, but it can be assumed that the virus follows the (+)ss-RNA infectious cycle of the potyvirus.
As other (+)RNA plant viruses do, potyviruses utilize the protein synthesis machinery of the host in the production of viral proteins.
They also make use of the endomembrane and cellular secretion systems in the formation of viral replication complexes (VRCs), and use the cell connecting plasmodesmata (PD) to spread their viral genome to other cells in the host.
The RNA is then translated to produce a polyprotein, which is then processed by viral proteases into RNA dependent RNA polymerase and structural proteins.
It has been found in carrot crops in the states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia.
Additionally, the virus is able to successfully infect and multiply when carrots are grown for seed production (in which the carrots are grown continuously for approximately two years).
When it comes to the control of CarVY, the key measures include avoiding spread from nearby infected carrot crops, minimizing spread from volunteer carrots, and introducing non-host rotational crops.
Additionally, the spread from volunteer carrot crops can be eliminated by spraying volunteer crops with herbicide, or deep ploughing before re-sowing the land with carrots.
Another control method consists of manipulating the planting date of carrot crops in order to avoid exposure to peak aphid populations.
When plants are at their most vulnerable growth stage, the symptoms of the virus become more severe as the crops develop.
Avoiding peak aphid populations reduces the chance of infection at early growth stages, as plants infected later produce less damaged carrots.
They have two primary veins (sometimes 1 or 3) and the secondary may be oblique, veined like a feather or forming a network.
The greyish pods (50-210 mm long by 11-20 mm wide) are straight, and raised over the seeds with a slightly thickened margin.
It is found in the following bioregions of the Northern Territory: Arnhem Coast, Arnhem Plateau, Central Arnhem, Daly Basin, Darwin Coastal, Gulf Fall and Uplands, Pine Creek, Sturt Plateau, Tiwi Cobourg, and Victoria Bonaparte.
It was first described by George Bentham in 1842, from a specimen collected by Allan Cunningham on May-Day Island in van Diemen's Gulf, in 1818 on the first voyage of the Mermaid (Isolectotype BM000796904).
Although in 1645 Dunbar of Burgie was in arms against James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, in 1650 he bankrupted himself in paying for supplies for the army of Charles II.
In 1702 the castle was extended, but in 1802 most of it was demolished to furnish material for Burgie House, which was in due course rebuilt as a plain two storey mansion in 1902.
On 12 November 2019, after progressing through the club's academy, Jones made his debut for Peterborough United in a 2–1 EFL Trophy win against rivals Cambridge United.
Saint James and Saint Lucy Predella is a circa 1426 to 1428 series of five tempera on panel paintings by Beato Angelico.
Together, and possibly with other unknown paintings, they formed the predella to a single altarpiece, now lost or not clearly identified.
Fifteen regular cast members reprised their roles from the previous series and Catherine Russell leaves her role as Serena Campbell during the series after seven years.
The series commences on 7 January 2020 on BBC One and normally airs on Tuesday nights, Simon Harper continues his role as the executive producer of the show.
Jo Martin portrays Max McGerry, a consultant in neurosurgery and the acting chief executive officer of Holby City Hospital, the show's setting.
Catherine Russell plays Serena Campbell, the hospital's medical director, the clinical lead of the Acute Assessment Unit (AAU) and a consultant in general surgery.
Bob Barrett continues his role as Sacha Levy, a consultant general surgeon and the clinical lead of the general surgery ward, Keller.
Additionally, the semi-regular cast contains Jules Robertson, Darcey Burke, Julia Deakin and Charlie Condou who star as porter Jason Haynes, Jac's daughter Emma Naylor-Maconie, Dominic's adoptive mother Carole Copeland, and locum consultant general surgeon surgeon Ben Sherwood, respectively.
Russell's departure from the drama after seven years was confirmed on 30 October 2019, and Serena's exit airs at the beginning of the series.
Guy Henry will return to his role as Henrik Hanssen, a consultant general surgeon, during this series, having taken a break in the previous series.
Susan Engel reprised her guest role as Sacha's great aunt, Maria Edelman, in episode 4, having last appeared in series 19.
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a unique class of microporous material developed by research efforts led by Neil McKeown, Peter Budd, et al.
Classified as a porous organic polymer, PIMs generate porosity from their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains that do not efficiently pack in the solid state.
Due to their fused ring structure PIMs cannot rotate freely along the polymer backbone, ensuring the macromolecular components conformation cannot rearrange and ensuring the highly contorted shape is fixed during synthesis.
In order to maintain permanent microporosity the rotation along the polymer chain must be prohibited through the use of fused ring structure or strongly hindered by steric inhibition to avoid conformation changes that would allow the polymer to pack efficiently.
This results in the use of a conformationally locked monomer and polyymeratization reaction that provides a linkage about which rotation is prohibited.
These involve a polymerization reaction based on a double aromatic nucleophilic substitution mechanism to form the dibenzodioxin linkage, a polymerization using Troger's base formation, and amide linkages formation between monomeric units.
Due to the presence of intrinsic microporosity these polymers have high-free volume, high internal surface area, and have a high affinity for gases.
A novel property of PIMs is that they do not possess a network structure and are often freely soluble in organic solvents.
This allows PIMs to be precipitated or cast from solution to give microporous powders or self-standing films that are useful for a variety of applications.
Additionally, due to PIMs affinity for small gases and ability to form self-standing films they are actively being investigated as a membrane material and adsorbent for industrial separation processes such as gas separation and carbon dioxide capture.
PIM membranes are also heavily investigated due to their contribution in the revision of the 2008 upper bounds of performance by Robeson, an important parameter in membrane gas separation stating that the permeability must be sacrificed for selectivity.
PIMs are also used to create mixed matrix membranes with a variety of material such as inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks, and carbons.
The Elms, also known as the Bess Streeter Aldrich House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
The series was created by Abby McEnany and Tim Mason, written and executive produced by McEnany, Mason, and Lilly Wachowski, and directed by Mason.
On January 13, 2020, Showtime renewed the series for a 10-episode second season, to be filmed in Chicago later in the year.
According to Germaine, Lilly Wachowski was frequently on the set as an advisor and helped direct the sex scene of the third episode among others.
Because the series is inspired by McEnany's life, the challenge for Ognisanti was to capture the authenticity of the story in the look of the show.
For this reason, filming took place in real locations, mostly night interiors, and for lighting they used practical light sources augmented with small LEDs, to avoid making it look artificial.
Because of the improvisational style of acting, Ognisanti used two Arri Alexa Mini cameras, for a higher chance to capture unscripted moments that could not be recreated after the fact.
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator website, reported a 100% critical approval rating with an average rating of 8.03/10 based on 23 reviews.
The Nebraska Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights, later called the Nebraska Coalition for LGBT Civil Rights, was an advocacy group in Nebraska that existed from 1981 to approximately 2002.
The Nebraska Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights was founded in 1981 to support a proposed amendment to a Lincoln city ordinance.
The amendment would have outlawed discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations on the basis of sexual orientation and affectional orientation.
The organization that Cameron founded to oppose the amendment would become the Family Research Institute, a nationally influential producer of pseudoscience against homosexuality.
The Coalition partnered with the Nebraska AIDS Project in 1986 to mail a survey to medical providers throughout Nebraska asking if providers would accept gay and lesbian patients or patients at risk for HIV.
California-based Christian fundamentalist leader Lou Sheldon was brought to Lincoln by the Nebraska chapter of the Traditional Values Coalition to speak against LB 395.
About fifty demonstrators appeared in front a local restaurant, the Green Gateau, chosen because of the belief that it had recently fired an employee for being gay.
After the amendment passed in 2000, the Coalition protested the victory party of the Nebraska Family Council, the organization that had spearheaded the amendment.
The Coalition staged a protest for marriage equality in 2002, forming a human chain of supporters around the Nebraska State Capitol.
She is also member of the board for Arkansas Women for Education, Women for Texas A&M, Texarkana Regional Center on Aging and Texarkana Friends of UAMS.
She has been president of the Texarkana Regional Arts Council/Women for the Arts; President of the Library Commission, and Chair of the local Red Cross.
She has sponsored bills that add domestic violence as grounds for divorce, funding domestic violence shelters, and congratulating the girl's high school bowling team from Texarkana on their state championship victory.
He has been Senator since 12 July 2007 till 11 July 2019, doing water, agriculture, foreign affairs and European Union affairs.
In Czechoslovakia he also developed his love for the eastern part of Europe, what brought him also to Ukraine from 1992.
By incident he was elected as a chairman of one of the Dutch water authorities and later on to president of the Association of water authorities, which started his ‘water career’ and brought him all over the world as an advisor (included Ukraine).
England and Japan first met in Pool 1 of the 1987 Rugby World Cup, which England won in a one-way contest.
They did not meet again until the Autumn of 2018, when Japan fought back to a half-time lead at Twickenham, but England responded to win comfortably in the second half.
Coutinho read Maths and Philosophy at the University of Oxford, and subsequently became a banker at Merrill Lynch working in the Emerging team for 4 years.
She also worked at KPMG, before working in a number of policy jobs including for the Centre for Social Justice and before she became an MP she was a Special Advisor to Rishi Sunak at The Treasury.
She was named after Ora Ellis, a Merchant marine killed when torpedoed , east of Ship Shoal Light, Louisiana, 16 May 1942.
On September 12, 2019, it was reported that several former cast members had begun filming the show for its tenth anniversary season, with Big Fish Entertainment taking over the show from Eastern TV.
After a seven year hiatus, Chrissy Lampkin and Jim Jones would return to franchise, along with Olivia Longott, Somaya Reece, Erica Mena and Tahiry Jose.
Danny García and Erica Mendez were also initially reported as cast members and Emily Bustamante was reportedly in talks to return but ultimately did not appear.
The show also features minor appearances from notable figures within the hip hop industry and New York's social scene, including Fat Joe.
Matthew Alexander Sorinola (born 19 February 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Milton Keynes Dons.
The George E. Dovey House, in Plattsmouth, Nebraska in Cass County, Nebraska, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
The Velosco V. Leonard House, in Plattsmouth, Nebraska in Cass County, Nebraska, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
The 2019–20 season is Al-Shorta's 46th season in the Iraqi Premier League, having featured in all 45 previous editions of the competition.
Al-Shorta are participating in five competitions: the Iraqi Premier League, the Iraq FA Cup, the Iraqi Super Cup, the AFC Champions League and the Arab Club Champions Cup, having won the domestic league title last season.
The son of journalist and author Robert Timberg and grandson of composer Sammy Timberg, Scott Timberg was born on February 15, 1969 at Stanford hospital in Stanford, California.
Prior to the OWL's inception, he played for GC Busan, winning OGN's APEX Season 4 was named the APEX Finals most valuable player.
He won the league's first Grand Finals with the Spitfire, after they defeated the Philadelphia Fusion, and was named the Grand Finals most valuable player.
Park amassed 134 kills, 44 more than any other player, to only 55 deaths in the series, and led his team to a close 4–3 victory to win the championship.
Within the first two weeks of the 2018 season, Park was fined for giving the finger to his face camera during a league match; although he claimed that it was in response to a joke that was made off-camera by his team backstage, he publicly apologized for the gesture.
In as 3–2 win over the New York Excelsior in the finals, Park participated in 38.2 percent of his team's kills, better than any other player in the Stage 1 Playoffs.
In 3–1 and 3–0 victories over the Fusion, Park performed exceptionally well, most notably securing five final blows playing Tracer in the final 93 seconds on Volskaya Industries to secure a 1–0 lead in the best-of-three series.
Its cockpit was at the wing leading edge, under a single piece canopy with a fairing behind it which fell away into the upper rear fuselage.
Its tailplane was mounted well forward on the fin just above the fuselage and carried elevators of similar area to it.
Production numbers are not known but the Airforce Museum in Belgrade holds two examples, though neither was on display in 2009.
One Illindenka, flown by Zvonimir Rain, was Yugoslavia's sole Standard Class contestant at the 1958 World Soaring Championships, held in California.
Military Veterans Advocacy has pursued legal action to expand disability benefits for veterans of the Vietnam War, many of whom were exposed to Agent Orange while serving offshore of Vietnam.
The organization’s founder, chairman of the board of directors, and director of litigation is John Wells, a retired U.S. Navy commander.
Paolo Medina Etienne (born 28 May 1999) is a Mexican footballer player who currently plays as a defender for Morelia, on loan from Monterrey.
At the age of 19, she started an unofficial internship with the Associated Press, which eventually lead to a freelance position with the organization.
Turner’s albums have received airplay at top radio stations across the country as well as National Lampoon's Top 40 comedy countdown, and are in rotation on SiriusXM Satellite Radio.
Roger Winsbacher (June 19, 1928 – February 13, 2012) is a French Rabbi and educator known for his oratorical and pedagogical skills.
At age eleven, during the onset of the Second world war, he sought refuge in Limogeswith his family, enrolling in an ORT school in the city.
Future Chief Rabbi Abraham Deutsch, originally from Strasbourg, joined the family in Limoges and became a large influence on Winsbacher's life.
He was close to Rabbi Sneiders of Basel and looked up to Chief Rabbi Avraham David Horowitz or Strasbourg, becoming one of his most devoted followers.
The funeral was conducted by Chief Rabbi Samuel Yaffe-Schlessinger and in a rare occasion, the coffin was transported to Adath Israel, where Rabbi Szmerla delivered the eulogy and Chief Rabbi of Strasbourg René Gutman recited the Tehillim.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Cami river is a tributary of the Saint-Jean River, flowing in the municipality of Lalemant, Hébertville-Station and Rivière-Éternité, in the Fjord-du-Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Cami River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The business proceeded to acquire small supermarket chains Hyper Rama () for million, and Yad Yitzhak (), in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and after the purchases counted 11 branches throughout Israel.
In 2012 Yeinot Bitan purchased yet another chain, Kim'at Hinam Stores (), with 35 branches, more than the brand Yeinot Bitan itself, and a similar revenue.
The acquisition, valued at million, was made possible by a million loan from the selling party, and Yeinot Bitan invested an additional million to renovate Kim'at Hinam's branches.
On June 30, 2015, it acquired Mega BaIr (), one of the largest and oldest supermarket chains in Israel, active in city centers, for million.
In order to fund the acquisition, Yeinot Bitan sold real estate worth over million and took on debt likely amounting to hundreds of millions from Bank HaPo'alim, Bank Mizrahi-Tefahot and Harel Group, among others.
The joint chain was ordered by the Israel Antitrust Authority to sell multiple branches as a condition for approving the merger, but the chain failed to do so on time, and received a million fine.
In 2017, the Yeinot Bitan brand (not including Mega) spun off its 23 city-center branches into a new branch, Yeinot Bitan in the City.
The year 2017 proved difficult for the chain and its owners, having disagreements with suppliers, a branch closure due to sanitary problems, and liquidity issues, among others.
That year, the chain's owner Nahum Bitan was investigated by the Israel Police for bribery vis-à-vis the mayor of Kfar Sava.
In August 2019, Yeinot Bitan settled a class action lawsuit regarding the 2017 sanitary issues, which would see it provide discounts to all customers for a time.
In September 2019, to deal with liquidity issues the company experienced, Yeinot Bitan sold 7 branches, most of them in Tel Aviv, to Fresh Market.
As of 2019, Yeinot Bitan was the third-largest supermarket chain in Israel by revenue and second biggest by number of branches, with 185 branches, billion in revenue, and 8,200 employees.
It operates stores under multiple brands: Yeinot Bitan, Yeinot Bitan in the City, Mehadrin Market (geared at the Haredi public) and Mega BaIr.
Nahum's brother Efi manages operations, his daughter Elinor is the legal adviser, and his son-in-law manages the import of household items.
Davies-Jones was elected as a councillor for Tonyrefail Community Council in 2012 at the age of 23 and for Rhondda Cynon Taf Council in 2017.
She worked for non-profit Dwr Cymru Welsh Water as a regional communications director and then a community engagement manager from 2015 to 2019.
She successfully retained the seat of Pontypridd, after former Labour Party leadership contender Owen Smith stood down, with a reduction of under 11% in vote share.
Alexandra Davies-Jones has chosen to remain in post as County Borough Councillor for the ward of Tonyrefail West, and also as Community Councillor for Tonyrefail Community Council in addition to her role as a Member of Parliament.
Lady Cecil Chetwynd Chetwynd-Talbot married John Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian on 12 July 1831 and went to live in Scotland with her husband.
She took an increasing interest in the religious Oxford Movement who argued that Anglicanism needed to reintroduce aspects of Roman Catholicism into their high church practices.
It was designed by architect John Hayward with an interior attributed to William Butterfield and a lychgate that was his work.
The sermons on that day were continued on the next day and on the 18 August with contributions by John Keble, Dr. W.F.Hook, William Dodsworth and Robert Wilberforce.
The new incumbent, Reverend William Spranger White, was encouraged to hold daily services, weekly communions and to make sure that the church was never locked.
She never entered the church again but it did enjoy the support of her nephew Bertram Arthur Talbot, 17th Earl of Shrewsbury and her son, Schomberg Kerr, 9th Marquess of Lothian who was Secretary of State for Scotland.
The church's founder died on a religious visit to Rome in 1877 and her body was buried in her Dalkeith church at the foot of the alter.
After leaving the Flamin' Groovies, Loney remained in the music industry both as a performer and in other jobs such as a sales representative for ABC Records and in various San Francisco-area record stores.
Besides solo projects, he fronted bands, often in collaboration with former Flamin' Groovies bandmates, performing and recording under band names including the Phantom Movers and the Longshots (which included Scott McCaughey, Jim Sangster, and Tad Hutchinson of the Young Fresh Fellows, and Joey Kline of The Squirrels).
In the last two years of his life, Loney appeared with a reunited Flamin' Groovies, and before his health failed in spring 2019 had expected to tour Europe with them later that year.
It is a one-story brick building, built in 1870-75, which was covered in stucco between 1922 and 1924 because the brick was detiorating.
Its long history illustrates the hardships and struggles of the pioneers and their determination to sacrifice to give their children better opportunities than had been theirs back in the eastern states from which they poured in as the land was opened up to settlement.
The school was the first home of the church around which developed the Camp Creek community grouped about a Congregational church and the Camp Creek Cemetery.
The school house is still in use, but it will soon close and the district be dissolved because of declining enrollment in this day when the small family farm, too, is passing.
The second building of the Camp Creek School was a source of community pride, its neat red brick structure harmonizing with the style of the church a mile directly west, and meeting the recommendations of the county superintendent for suitable accommodations in which to educate the youth.
It was painted during the artist's stay in Rome after he was summoned there in August 1511 to take part in Agostino Chigi's decoration of the Villa Farnesina.
Long misattributed to Raphael, its correct attribution was revived on 16 July 1835 by the art historian Gustav Friedrich Waagen, the Gemäldegalerie's first curator.
Fumitaka Konoe was born in Kyoto as the eldest son of Fumimaro Konoe and his wife Chiyoko, (from a branch of the Mōri clan).
He actively participated as an amateur golfer during his stay in America and worked as the manager of a golf club.
The following year, in 1939, he became a lecturer at Toa Doubunin University (The Tung Wen College) in Shanghai concurrently becoming became a student director (salary: ¥ 117.60 per month, overseas allowance: ¥ 54.40 per month).
With the diplomatic situation in China between the Koumintang government and the Imperial Japanese Army becoming increasing strained, Konoe felt the need for direct negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek to avoid open warfare.
His actions were regarded as a problem by military authorities, in February 1940 he was drafted into the Imperial Japanese Army.
Due to his family connections, he was fast track promoted to First Lieutenant and was assigned to a Manchukuo-based artillery regiment.
On August 19, 1945, four days after the official end of the war, he was arrested by a Soviet GRU Smersh unit and taken as a prisoner to the Soviet Union.
In 1955, during Japanese-Soviet diplomatic normalization negotiations, Prime Minister Ichirō Hatoyama made a formal request for his release, and presented a petition signed by hundreds of thousands of people from Japan; however, the Soviet Union refused.
The cause of death is thought to be cerebral hemorrhage due to arteriosclerosis and acute nephritis, but there is also a theory he was assassinated by the Soviet Union.
On October 18, 1991, in accordance with Articles 2 and 3 of the Soviet Law on Restoring the Honor of Victims of Political Repression he was formally acquitted of wrongdoing, and on February 27, 1992, this ruling was reconfirmed by the Russian Federation's Military Police High Public Prosecutor, with a certificate to this effect issued on October 16, 1997 by the Russian Federation's Military Police High Public Prosecutor.
Of these, 97.9% spoke Russian, 0.5% Polish, 0.4% Yiddish, 0.4% Ukrainian, 0.2% German, 0.1% Karelian and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
The television series airs on the American television station Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of houses over a number of weeks.
The television series airs on the American television station Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of houses over a number of weeks.
The television series airs on the American television station Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of houses over a number of weeks.
The television series airs on the American television station Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of houses over a number of weeks.
Archbishop Sahag II Mashalian (in Armenian Սահակ Բ․ Մաշալեան), also known as Sahak Mashalyan in Eastern Armenian transliteration became the 85th Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople in 2019.
The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the four Sees of Armenian Apostolic Church (the other three being Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the Holy See of Cilicia and the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem) and has an autocephalous status, accepting, on the other hand, spiritual supremacy of the Catholicos of Armenia and of all Armenians in Holy Echmiadzin.
The show was primarily filmed in Miami, Florida and executive produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment and Dan Cesareo, Lucilla D'Agostino, Donna Edge Rachell, James Knox, Faith Gaskins and Brian Schornak for Big Fish Entertainment.
On December 9, 2019, VH1 confirmed the season's premiere date, along with a promo featuring rappers Sukihana, Brisco, Hood Brat and waist trainer entrepreneur PreMadonna, who had previously been attached to the show when it first started filming in 2016.
The show features minor appearances from notable figures within the hip hop industry and Miami's social scene, including Amara's mother Mami Ana, Amara's manager Jullian Boothe, DJ Nasty 305 and Radio Big Mack of 99 Jamz and producer Balistic Beats.
, Gunplay, Pleasure P and Spectacular of Pretty Ricky and Saucy Santana will also reportedly appear, however in what capacity has not been confirmed.
Anita Kaniz Mehdi Zaidi (born 1964) is a Pakistani physician and the Director of Vaccine Development at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Her father was appointed the national physician of the Pakistan men's national field hockey team, and Zaidi would often accompany him on their tours.
Whilst visiting a cousin in the United Kingdom Zaidi became interested in the microbiology and applied to work in a clinical commercial laboratory.
She has spoken about Claire Panosian Dunavan, a Visiting Professor from University of California, Los Angeles, being one of her inspirations.
After graduating she worked on a United States Agency for International Development program in remote northern Pakistani territories (now Gilgit-Baltistan), which inspired her to dedicate her career to global public health.
Her project involved establishing a community surveillance program for diarrhoeal disease and to identify what infrastructure the Aga Khan Health Services needs to implement to improve healthcare.
She was one of the youngest faculty members to be promoted to full Professor when she became Chair of the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at Aga Khan University.
She is Director of the Vaccine Development, Surveillance, and Enteric and Diarrhoea Diseases programs and co-Director of the Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Discovery & Tools programs at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Flor Van Den Eynden (born 29 July 2000) is a Belgian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Jong PSV.
The Judgement of Solomon is a c.1505-1510 oil on canvas painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the Bankes collection at Kingston Lacy, a National Trust property in Dorset, UK.
It may have been commissioned by Andrea Loredan, a member of the Council of Ten, and may have remained incomplete when the artist was summoned to Rome.
The soldier on the right probably refers to the Borghese Gladiator, whilst the three women seem to be based on the same model, shown frontally, in profile and from behind.
During the club's heyday in the 1950s through the 1960s, acts such as Ike & Tina Turner, Chuck Berry, and Bob Kuban and the In-Men performed at the Club Imperial.
In the following decades, the building went through different ownership and was almost demolished in 2018, but preservationists fought to save the site of the historic music venue.
Soon, Rhythm & Blues was taking over the city as the word got across the river of the exciting bands in East St. Louis.
In 1954, bandleader Ike Turner relocated his Kings of Rhythm from Clarksdale to East St. Louis where built his own nightclub, Manhattan Club.
The Turners were performing at the club in July 1966 when the Rolling Stones paid a visit and invited them to be the opening act on their 1966 British tour.
By the following year, no one offered to buy it for renovation and that it’s too dilapidated to save, he said.
At age 8, he began doing graffiti with his friends but, after being arrested at age 13, he turned his attention to portraits.
He then attended Samuel Gompers High School in the Bronx for two years before being accepted to attend the High School of Art and Design in 2012.
While Rodriguez was still in high school, sculptor John Ahearn attended a school portrait exhibit and took notice of Rodriguez's realist oil paintings of subway passengers.
In 2019, it was announced that Rodriguez's portrait of John Ahearn was a finalist for the Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition, three years after Ahearn's own portrait of Rodriguez received the honor.
Hans Nichols earned his bachelor's degree from Cornell University, followed by his master's degree in political theory from the London School of Economics and degree in law from George Washington University.
The Death of Adonis is a 1512 oil on canvas painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the Uffizi in Florence.
It was originally produced for Agostino Chigi just after the artist's arrival in Rome, summoned to assist Chigi in decorating the Villa Chigi.
In 1675 the painting was mentioned as being in cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici's collection, before passing to the Uffizi with a misattribution to Moretto, though Morelli restored the correct attribution.
Nate Brooks (born September 5, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL).
Following the conclusion of the 2019 NFL Draft, Brooks signed with the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2019.
Among his many cousins were Elsie Clews Parsons (wife of U.S. Representative Herbert Parsons) and artist Henry Clews Jr., who lived at the Château de la Napoule in France.
He received his business training in the general offices of the Red Line Transit Company and of the Union Steamboat Company of Buffalo, New York where he learned the railroad and transportation business.
He served as chairman of the Ontario and Western Railroad Stockholder's Committee, which succeeded in dissolving the Voting Trust after years of failed attempts.
He served as chairman of the board of the Standard Cordage, president of the Cannabis Manufacturing Company, director of the Irving Publishing Company and the New Amsterdam Casualty Company.
He became a partner in his uncle's financial firm known as Henry Clews & Co. After the death of his uncle Henry in 1923, he succeeded as senior partner of Henry Clews & Co., located at 15 Broad Street in lower Manhattan.
Leta, the widow of Oscar Frederick Livingston (1824–1901), was a daughter of Washington Romaine Nichols and Alicia (née MacKay) Nichols and a great-granddaughter of General Benjamin Romaine of prison ship martyr fame.
After the death of his first wife, he married Mary Ann Payne (1890–1973), a daughter of Mrs. Edward Raphael Payne of Baltimore, in the White and Gold Room at the Plaza Hotel in New York City on October 2, 1926.
After a funeral at St. Bartholomew's in New York, he was buried at Locust Valley Cemetery in Locust Valley, New York.
After Robertson died in 1964, she married Russian Baron Charles P. von Wrangell-Rokassowsky in 1968 before her death in 1973 at the age of 84.
On November 3, 1937, Murphy was elected as a Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Wayne County 1st district.
Laura Trott MBE is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sevenoaks at the 2019 general election.
Trott joined the Conservative Party as a political adviser in January 2009, and from May 2010 to February 2012 worked as political policy and media adviser to Francis Maude, the Minister for the Cabinet Office.
She was subsequently appointed as political adviser and head of family and education policy at 10 Downing Street, then worked as director of strategic communications for David Cameron until July 2016.
At the time of her nomination as Conservative Party candidate for Sevenoaks, Trott was an ambassador for the Sutton Trust and worked as a partner in Portland Communications.
Pope Paul III with a Nephew is an unfinished 1534 oil on slate portrait by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma.
A charismatic performer who did not record until her thirties, her work encompassed blues, jazz, protest songs, experimental music and spoken word recordings.
She was born in Paris, and from 1948 worked as a secretary and translator for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Fluent in English, she became a fan of American blues and jazz singers such as Bessie Smith and Ella Fitzgerald, and was taught guitar by jazz musician Claude Luter.
Her mother took up acting in the 1950s, and Colette began singing her own songs and blues standards in Paris clubs.
In 1980, she released two single-sided spoken word albums, one of poems by Antonin Artaud and the other of text by the Swiss artist Sylvie Duval.
Magny suffered from health problems including obesity and, in later years, a spinal disease that confined her to a bed or wheelchair.
The 2020 Democratic Party presidential forums have taken place among candidates in the campaign for the Democratic Party's nomination for the president of the United States in the 2020 presidential election.
E D I T G U I D E: Scroll down to a candidate's name, then scroll right to edit the appropriate forum.
Alfons Bürge is a Swiss scholar of Ancient Law, with a special interest in the comparative study of Ancient and Modern Law.
With the support of a fellowship from the Swiss National Science Foundation, he researched the development of French private law in the 19th century in Paris and at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg.
From 1985-1988, he was post-doctoral assistant and academic advisor at the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
In 1987, Bürge received his Habilitation at the University of Salzburg under Professor Theo Mayer-Maly with a work on 19th century French private law.
In 1999, Bürge accepted a call as Professor of Law and Director of the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich as the successor of Dieter Nörr.
Pietà is a circa 1516 to 1517 oil on panel painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the Museo civico in Viterbo.
It is the earliest evidence of collaboration between del Piombo and Michelangelo (with the latter providing the cartoon for the work, as confirmed by the existence of preparatory studies) and was commissioned for the church of San Francesco in Viterbo by Giovanni Botonti.
Next In Fashion (NIF) is a reality show and fashion design competition series debuting on Netflix in January 2020; hosted by designers Tan France and Alexa Chung.
The contestants are shown in a modern warehouse space that serves as both the workroom, and on show days, a runway space complete with area for hair and makeup stations.
The runway contest itself has a catwalk, and fully digitized floors and walls so each show has a different feel yet comes off as a professional presentation.
During the show the judges comments are overheard; following the catwalk show the judges visit each entry, inspect the work, and ask questions.
Above Diamond, also known by the abbreviation AD, is a giant sequoia located within the Atwell Mill Grove of Sequoia National Park, California.
It is the second largest tree in Atwell Mill Grove, the 24th largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered the 23rd largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant atrophied during the Rough Fire in 2015.
Above Diamond is located north-northwest of Mineral King Road and northeast of Diamond, requiring a fair bit of uphill cross-country hiking to reach either tree.
After the loss of the English lands in Normandy by John, following their recapture by the French Crown in 1204, Philip II of France ordered the demolition of the castle at Brix.
The Chalk Cliff and Republican River is a conservation area in Webster County, Nebraska near Red Cloud, Nebraska which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Portrait of a Woman is a 1512 oil on canvas painting by Sebastiano del Piombo, dated by the artist and now in the Uffizi in Florence.
The gallery's director Tommaso Puccini reverted to Raphael in 1793 and - exhibiting it in the Tribuna of the Uffizi - claimed it was Raphael's portrait of La Fornarina mentioned by Vasari.
Passavant and Garas continued to support the attribution to Raphael, but more recent studies such as those by Morelli, Berenson, Venturi and Lucco have conclusively attributed it to Sebastiano del Piombo.
It is located in the municipality of Rivière-Éternité, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality of the region administrative Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The southwest part of Brébeuf Lake is served by a forest road from the village of Saint-Félix-d'Otis where it connects to route 170.
The surface of Brébeuf Lake is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to the end of March.
The Brébeuf Lake has a length of segmented into three parts, a maximum width of , an altitude is and a area of .
Brébeuf Lake is mainly fed by the Pierre River, Bras de Ross, the Papinachois stream and the outlet of Rond Lake.
From the mouth of Brébeuf Lake, the current descends the Saint-Jean River on towards the northeast, then descends towards east the Saguenay River on to Tadoussac where this last river flows into the St. Lawrence river.
He was there with Father Gabriel Lalemant when, on March 16, the Iroquois carried out a deadly attack on the Wendat (Huron) establishments.
Fathers Brébeuf and Lalemant are then brought back to mission St. Ignace Mission (region of Midland (Ontario)) where they die after being tortured.
Pope Pius XI canonized him on June 20, 1930, along with six other Jesuits who were victims of the same fate, between 1642 and 1649.
The William Cather Homestead Site, in Webster County, Nebraska near Red Cloud, Nebraska, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Detroit Trio is a cira 1500 oil on canvas painting attributed to Giorgione, Titian and Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the Detroit Institute of Arts.
However, other art historians argue it is a fake produced in the 16th century or later, whilst others argue it was by Giovanni Cariani or Palma il Vecchio.
It is the 9th largest tree in Giant Forest grove, the 27th largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered the 26th largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant atrophied during the Rough Fire in 2015.
In 1928, Sequoia National Park superintendent Colonel John R. White named the tree to honor Sequoyah, a polymath of the Cherokee Nation who created the Cherokee syllabary in 1821.
Its founder is Dastan Sarygulov, an active promoter of Tengrism, has authored a book on Tengrism, and in 2005–2006 was the state secretary and chair of special state working group dealing with ideological issues.
D. Sarygulov interprets Tengrism as the native religion of the Kyrgyz and being an optimal way to promote an anti-capitalist lifestyle and a natural response to globalization processes.
Tengir Ordo aims to promote the values and traditions of the Tengrist period of Kyrgyzstan and spread pre-Islamic cultures among the Central Asian Turks for making them closer together again.
During the 2019–20 EFL Trophy, after progressing through the Milton Keynes Dons academy, Brennan made two appearances for MK Dons, against Fulham U21 and Wycombe Wanderers.
NCAA Division I conference realignment refers to changes in the alignment of college or university athletic programs from one National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic conference to another.
A grandson of Phraates IV (), he was ultimately defeated and captured by Gotarzes II, who although spared him, had his ears mutilated, an act that disqualified him from inheriting the throne.
Fred Zutavern was an American politician and business owner who served two terms in the Kansas House of Representatives as the Representative from the 78th District in Barton County, Kansas.
He owned a hardware store in Lakin, Kansas and was elected to the state House of Representatives in 1912 as a Republican and in 1914 as a Democrat.
During his first term in the Kansas of Representatives in 1913, Representatives Zutavern introduced bills to punish those who buy or possess liquor in the State of Kansas, to prohibit the teaching of religion in Kansas public schools and to provide salaries for undersheriffs in counties with a population of between 18,000 - 25,000 people.
On Feb. 10, 1913, Representative Zutavern motioned to adjourn the House of Representatives so House members could attend a reception honoring Gov.
Representative Zutavern voted in favor of legislation to create a pension fund for firefighters, widows of firefighters and minor children of deceased firefighters.
On March 5, 1913, Representative Zutavern voted against a bill to require county treasurers to make a monthly payment of state taxes to the Kansas state treasurer.
During his 1914 campaign for reelection he was rated satisfactory by the Kansas Medical Society for his responses to questions with regards to supporting the repeal of legislation related to chiropractor practice, the creation of one regulatory board for all aspects of medical practice, opposition to legislation that would allow cults to practice medicine and to advocate for full funding of the state Board of Health.
On Jan. 20, 1915, Representative Zutavern sponsored House Resolution 20, which required the sergeant-at-arms of the Kansas House of Representatives to provide disinfected drinking cups to each member of the House of Representatives.
The Zemland Group of Forces was a front-sized operational group of the Red Army during the Second World War which saw service for two months in the Sambia Peninsula of East Prussia in 1945.
It blockaded the city of Königsberg in March and then took it by storm in early April, after which it mopped up the various isolated German forces in the peninsula until it was disbanded on April 26.
11022 of February 9, 1945 the 43rd, 39th and 11th Guards Armies of 3rd Belorussian Front, which were in action close to the German fortified city of Königsberg, were transferred to 1st Baltic Front which was located to its north and east.
11032 of February 21, 1945 the 1st Baltic was to be redesignated as the Zemland Group of Forces effective February 24.
I. K. Bagramyan, who had been in command of 1st Baltic, and was to come under control of 3rd Belorussian Front for the final stages of the East Prussian Offensive.
On April 26 the Zemland Group was formally disbanded and most of its forces reverted to direct command of 3rd Belorussian Front, which was led by General Bagramyan for the duration of the war.
Tommaso Puccini (5 April 1749 - 14 March 1811) was an Italian gallery director, heading the Gallerie fiorentine and the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence as well as acting as Superintendent of Fine Arts.
Born in Pistoia, he first studied at the town's Collegio Forteguerri before moving on to the University of Pisa, where he studied jurisprudence under professor Giuseppe Paribeni, also from Pistoia.
He took office in the 1770s and added captions with the artist, title and date to each work in the Uffizi.
He was an extraordinary functionary of the grand-ducal court, acting as director of the Uffizi, secretary to the Accademia di Belle Arti and display consultant to the Medici's palazzi and villas.
He also befriended Antonio Canova, Raffaello Sanzio Morghen, Francesco Bartolozzi, Vittorio Alfieri, Domenico Monti, Giovanni Fantoni, Ugo Foscolo and Giovanni Battista Zannoni.
During the French occupation of Florence in 1799 he became a major figure in saving the museum's artworks from seizure by the occupiers, ensuring the Uffizi lost no major works other than the Medici Venus.
Between June and October 1800, fearing French troops would return to Florence, he decided to move the Uffizi artworks to safety.
In 1803, after the end of the second French occupation and Charles Louis Bourbon's arrival in Tuscany to be the first ruler of the new Kingdom of Etruria, the artworks were returned to Florence and Puccini resumed his role as director.
Rauha S. Virtanen (28 June 1931 – 20 March 2019) was a Finnish author who wrote youth literature as well as plays.
Virtanen received numerous literary awards, including the Topelius Prize in 1971, the State Prize for Youth Literature in 1971, and the Tirlittan Prize of the Finnish Writers' Union in 2003.
Virtanen's early work has humor, excitement and romance, but later productions focused on young people facing difficult solutions who see the social and political realities of their environment.
Bright Energy Investments (BEI) is a joint venture between Western Australian state-owned electricity generator and retailer Synergy, global infrastructure investment fund DIF, and Australian industry superannuation fund Cbus.
It develops and owns solar and wind farms for electricity on the South West Interconnected System, the main Western Australian electricity grid.
It has smooth, shiny bark, glossy green lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or conical fruit.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between nine and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels up to long.
The 2019–20 Abilene Christian Wildcats women's basketball team represents Abilene Christian University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
They won the Southland Women's Tournament to earn an automatic to the NCAA Women's Tournament for the first time in school history.
María Ramona Cordero y León (Cuenca, May 21, 1894-Ibid., May 7, 1976), best known under her literary pseudonym Mary Corylé, was an Ecuadorian writer and poet.
Daughter of Benjamín Cordero and Ángeles León, she grew up and lived her life in her parents' house facing the Tomebamba River, currently considered cultural heritage of the city of Cuenca.
She forged her own identity, despite stereotypes towards women, became independent traveling alone to live in Quito where she had romances with musicians and poets; However, she did not adjust to the marriage regimes that society imposed on her, her personal fulfillment was done through poetry and letters.
Her works exceed one hundred and are recognized for their questioning the national events of her time, she wrote with reason and passion, sincere at the level of Alfonsina Storni, poems of wishes of a free woman.
She was a defender of women's rights in moments of injustice, her reason was to break the established schemes regarding voting, the way of dressing and thinking.
She won awards and recognitions, represented Ecuador as a great literary figure, worked in some public and daily positions such as, El Mercurio, since its foundation, directed the National Historical Archive.
Nell Hopman and Harry Hopman successfully defended their title by defeating Dot Stevenson and Don Turnbull 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1937 Australian Championships.
A United States postage stamp and the names of a number of recreational and cultural facilities, schools, streets and other facilities and institutions throughout the United States have commemorated Benjamin Banneker's documented and mythical accomplishments throughout the years since he lived (1731–1806) (see Mythology of Benjamin Banneker).
Among such memorializations of this free African American almanac author, astronomer, surveyor, naturalist, and farmer was a biographical verse that Rita Dove, a future Poet Laureate of the United States, wrote in 1983 while on the faculty of Arizona State University.
On February 15, 1980, during Black History Month, the United States Postal Service issued in Annapolis, Maryland, a 15 cent commemorative postage stamp that featured a portrait of Banneker.
The device shown in the stamp resembles Andrew Ellicott's transit and equal altitude instrument (see Theodolite), which is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
The featured portrait was one that Jerry Pinkney of Croton-on-Hudson, New York, who designed the first nine stamps in the series, had earlier placed on another approved version of the stamp.
A park commemorating Benjamin Banneker is located in a stream valley woodland at the former site of Banneker's farm and residence in Oella, Maryland, between Ellicott City and the City of Baltimore.
The park, which encompasses and contains archaeological sites and extensive nature trails, is the largest original African American historical site in the United States.
The museum contains a visitors center that features a collection of Banneker's works and artifacts, a community gallery, a gift shop and a patio garden.
On November 12, 2009, officials opened a replica of Banneker's log cabin on the park grounds, reportedly two days before the 278th anniversary of Banneker's birth.
Baltimore County's delegation to the Maryland General Assembly secured a $400,000 state bond for the design and construction of the cabin.
The marker replaced the last of three earlier markers that vandals had previously destroyed, the first of which the Maryland State Roads Commission had installed nearby in 1954 on the grounds of the Westchester Grade School (now the Westchester Community Center).
A grassy slope descends steeply from the traffic circle to the Southwest Freeway (Interstate 395), Ninth Street SW and Maine Avenue SW.
After the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency completed construction of the Overlook in 1969, the Agency transferred the Overlook to the NPS in 1970.
The elliptical wide overlook provides elevated views of the nearby Southwest Waterfront, Washington Channel, East Potomac Park, Potomac River and more distant areas.
The centerpiece of the overlook's modernist plaza is a large conical fountain that projects water more than 30 feet in the air and catches it in a circular basin made from honed green granite.
The rings of the fountain and basin in the center of the site are reiterated in the benches, double rows of London plane trees, and low concrete walls that establish the plaza's edge.
In 1970, the District of Columbia City Council passed a resolution that petitioned the NPS to rename the Overlook as Banneker Park, arguing that the Council had already renamed the adjacent highway circle as Banneker Circle, S.W.
However, a 2016 NPS publication later noted that the NPS had renamed the Overlook to commemorate Banneker even though the area has no specific connection to Banneker himself.
In 1998, the 105th United States Congress enacted legislation that authorized the Washington Interdependence Council of the District of Columbia to establish at the Council's expense a memorial on federal land in the District that would commemorate Banneker's accomplishments.
Construction of the memorial was expected to begin after the United States Commission of Fine Arts and the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) approved the memorial's design and location in accordance with the legislation that authorized the establishment of the memorial and with the United States Code (40 U.S.C.
After considering the proposal, the National Capital Memorial Commission rejected the placement of the statue in the park and decided to consult with the District of Columbia government about placing a Banneker memorial at the midpoint of the Promenade.
This did not preclude the location of the memorial on lands such as the road right-of-way in the Promenade that are under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia's government.
During the 2000s, various organizations proposed to develop at the site of Benjamin Banneker Park a number of large facilities including a baseball stadium (later constructed elsewhere in D.C. as Nationals Park), the National Museum of African American History and Culture, a National Children's Museum and a National Museum of the American Latino.
In 2004, the D.C. Preservation League listed the Park as one of the most endangered places in the District because of such proposals to redevelop the park's area.
In 2012, the United States Army Corps of Engineers determined that Benjamin Banneker Park was not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
The DC SHPO stated that additional research and coordination with the NPS would be needed before it could make a final determination of eligibility.
In 2014, the DC SHPO concurred with the superintendent of the National Mall and Memorial Parks that the park was eligible for inclusion in the National Register as an integral component of the 10th Street Promenade/Banneker Overlook composition, but not as an independent entity.
The Plan recommended the redesign of Benjamin Banneker Park and adjacent areas to accommodate one or more new memorials, museums and/or landscaping.
The report described the features, significance and history of the park and its surrounding area, as well the planning processes that had influenced the park's construction and development.
In April 2017, the NCPC approved plans for a staircase and ramp that would connect the park with Washington's Southwest Waterfront and that would add lighting and trees to the area.
The NCPC and the NPS intended the project to be an interim improvement that could be in place for ten years while the area awaits redevelopment.
An park in Arlington County, Virginia, memorializes Banneker and the survey of the boundaries of the District of Columbia, in which he participated.
The park features access to paved trails, picnic tables with charcoal grills, a playground, a playing field, a stream and a dog park.
The Banneker Community Center (Banneker Recreation Center) in Catonsville, Maryland, is located near the intersection of the Baltimore National Pike (U.S. Route 40) and the Baltimore Beltway (Interstate 695), about northeast of the former site of Banneker's home and farm.
The center, which is a unit of the District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation, contains playing fields, basketball and tennis courts, a swimming pool (Banneker pool), a computer lab and other indoor and outdoor facilities.
Constructed in 1934 and named for Benjamin Banneker, the center's building (formerly named the Banneker Recreation Center) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 because of its role as a focal point in the development of the black community in Washington, D.C.
The Benjamin Banneker Community Center in Bloomington, Indiana, contains a gymnasium, restrooms, a kitchen, a library and a family resource center.
In 1994, the Bloomington City Council changed the community center's name to commemorate the building's history as a segregated school and to re-commemorate Benjamin Banneker.
It is housed within and adjacent to the former Mount Moriah African Methodist Episcopal Church, which the National Park Service placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
The names of a number of university buildings, high schools, middle schools, elementary schools, professorships and scholarships throughout the United States have commemorated Benjamin Banneker.
The band spent their first three years performing dates with Deerhunter, Windy & Carl, Lightning Bolt, Zach Hill, Grouper, and members of Animal Collective while being named to Creative Loafing's Best of Atlanta list each year from 2009 to 2011.
Selaine Rachel Saxby is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Devon since the 2019 general election.
She founded the independent sports bra retailer, Lessbounce Ltd. in 2000, and ran the business until 2016 when it went into liquidation.
It is a notionally safe Labour seat as it has elected a member of the party as its MP since 1922.
The Plattsmouth Main Street Historic District, in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
It is in the area of Main St. bounded by Avenue A, S. and N. 3rd St., 1st Ave. and S. and N. 7th St. in Plattsmouth.
It is located in the municipality of Rivière-Éternité, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality of the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The northern part of Éternité Lake is served by route 170, that is the main street (east-west direction) which runs south of Otis Lake going west.
The surface of Lake Eternity is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to the end of March.
The Éternité Lake has a length of in the shape of a boat anchor, a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
The northeast part of the lake has the shape of a giraffe neck and head looking towards the southeast; the South-West part has the shape of a cross whose top is oriented towards the South-East.
From the mouth of Éternity Lake, the current descends the Éternité River on northeast to the Éternity Bay which the current crosses north to the entrance of the bay; then the current descends to the east the Saguenay River on to Tadoussac where the latter river flows into the St. Lawrence river.
Wise Academies Trust formerly the Bexhill and Town End Academies Limited is a multi-academy trust (MAT) that operates twelve schools with academy status across northern England: all are primary schools.
Headteachers should be leaders of learning, and issues of finance, estate management, governance, HR and IT should be handled by a shared back- office team of professionals.
Children must start the primary school ready to learn; this means enabling them with quality pre-school education, giving each child the experiences provided by the most advantaged parents.
The trust was founded in 2011 with just two school and expanded to take on Hastings Hill and over extended itself to take on Welbeck which has financial difficulties.
They established a new professional accounting system whereby all the schools used one central finance office- and the only delegated power was petty cash, and that had a top limit of £50.
More schools joined WISE, none were refused because of demographics or location, but only when the member schools didn't have the financial capability to absorb them.
In a YouTube video made for Department for Education (DfE) in 2017, Carr and Hardie explained the approach they used in the next four years.
Jurgen Goxha (born 29 December 1992) is a Albanian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Albanian club Bylis Ballsh.
In the first part of 2018–19, while representing Erzeni, Goxha was utilised as a striker by coach Gentian Stojku, scoring an impressive 7 goals in 12 appearances in Albanian First Division.
He made his debut for his new side on 1 February in a 1–1 home draw against Teuta Durrës, entering in 73rd minute in place of fellow defender Erion Hoxhallari.
He was released in August of that year, concluding the second part of 2018–19 season with 16 appearances, including 12 in league.
On 16 August 2019, two days after he was released by Tirana, Goxha joined newly promoted top flight side Bylis Ballsh.
He scored his first Albanian Superliga goal on 28 September in a 5–0 home rout of Flamurtari Vlorë, netting the second in the 33rd minute.
Mortons House Hotel in Corfe Castle in Dorset, is a building of historical significance and is on the National Heritage List for England.
It was built in 1590 and was the home of several notable families over the next four centuries; it is now an hotel.
They had acquired this estate by marriage in about 1500 when Thomas Dacombe had married Elizabeth Clavell who was the daughter and heir of Richard Clavell of Corfe Castle.
Shortly after this it was inherited by his son Edward Dacombe (1579-1635) who was a Member of Parliament and Mayor of Corfe Castle.
When Edward died in 1683 the house was left to his son Henry Dacombe who sold it to John Morton of Henbury.
Reverend John Colson (1701-1769) was the son of Robert Colson, mayor of Dorchester who had married John Morton’s sister Mary in 1700.
In 1887 he married Ruth St. Maur (1867-1953) and the couple had five children two of whom became the 8th and 9th Dukes of Portland.
In 1911 she wrote a letter from Morton’s House which is still noteworthy in which she railed against changes to fair wage legislation.
She had a wide variety of close friends from George Bernard Shaw and Keir Hardie, to the Duke of Argyll and Edward VII’s mistress, Alice Keppel.
She was also friends with the famous painter Philip de Lászlóand his wife Lucy and in the 1920s this couple visited them at Mortons House.
De Loszlo owned one of the first motion cameras and a short home movie of their visit to the house can be seen at this reference.
Mariatu Candé (born 28 October 1991) is a Bissau-Guinean footballer who plays as a left back for Bolivian club Mundo Futuro.
A few hours into the chase came up and the two British brigs were able to get the lugger to strike.
She was a new vessel of 305 tons, pierced for 22 guns but carrying only four, and had a crew of 43 men.
Since 25 April 1813 a French force, estimated at 13,000 men, had been investing Castro Urdiales on the north coast of Spain.
A Spanish garrison of 1200 men, under the command of Don P.P.Alvarez, were holding the town, the French having been forced out in 1812.
On the 11th, the Spaniards resisted the French in house-to-house fighting and were able to destroy the cannons in the castle.
Parliament voted a special grant to the officers and crews that served under Admiral Lord Viscount Keith on the north coast of Spain and the coast of France in the years 1812, 1813, and 1814.
There is no naval vessel of the burthens the registers gave that were launched at Chatham in 1812 or so and sold in 1819 or so.
It also showed her as having been lengthened and almost rebuilt in 1819, something that explains the increase in her burthen between her naval service and her service as a whaler.
She was surveyed, and condemned as unseaworthy (leaky and unmanageable), on 5 August 1832 and was declared a constructive total loss.
Whilst some of the cast appeared in this series, it also featured notable absences from Eliza Batten, Oliver Proudlock and Victoria Baker-Harber.
The series heavily focused on new cast member Harvey coming between close friends Habbs and Olivia, as well as Tristan and James's friendship being tested as their partners Verity and Maeva's feud continues.
The Returned Poets (Simplified Chinese: 归来的诗人 or 复出的诗人; Traditional Chinese: 歸來的詩人 or 復出的詩人; pinyin: guīlái dè shīrén or fùchū dè shīrén) are a group of Chinese poets who were marginalized or expelled from literary circle in the 1950s and the early 1960s due to political reasons and returned after the Cultural Revolution.
However, the term only refers to those who were expelled before the Cultural Revolution, according to the mainstream opinions from Chinese literary scholars.
The Returned Poets and their works signified a strong desire, not only to repair the damage caused by the politicization of poetry, but also revive and reconstruct the contemporary Chinese poetic paradigm.
The Gang of Four was overthrown in 1976 and The Cultural Revolution ended after the shift of power in the Communist Party of China (CPC).
As a result, poets, alone with other types of rightist and the Educated Youth (), returned and regain their right to write and publish their poems.
The Returned Poets were so named because most of the their poems published after the Cultural Revolution were coincidentally relevant to the concept of return returned, either literally or metaphorically.
Poets in this subgroup are: Hu Feng (胡风), Liu Banjiu (), Niu Han (), Zeng Zhuo (曾卓), Ji Fang (冀汸), Peng Yanjiao (彭燕郊), Lu Li (鲁藜), Luo Luo (罗洛), etc.
They are: Ai Qing (艾青), Gong Liu (), Liu Shahe (), Liang Nan (梁南), Lin Xi (林希), Zhao Kai (赵恺), , Bai Hua (白桦), , Zhou Liangpei (周良沛), Hu Zhao (胡昭), etc.
They are: Mu Dan (穆旦), Du Yunxie (杜运夔), Yuan kejia (袁可嘉), Zheng Min (郑敏), Xin Di (辛迪), Chen Jingrong (陈敬容), Tang Qi (唐祈), Tang Shi (唐湜), Hang Yuehe (杭约赫), etc.
In addition, Cai Qijiao (蔡其矫), who were politically criticized during the 1950s and the 1960s, is also considered as a returned poet.
The first poetic characteristic of the Returned Poets is that their poems were autobiographical, especially at the beginning of this new era, roughly from 1978 to the early 1980s.
This mixing of joy, sentimentality, and proud became the emotional core of their poems.The second characteristic is that their poems were both individual and historical reflection.
On one hand, they reflected their individual experience and the historical trauma; on the other hand, they were also critical on a broader level and try to find the historical and social reason for a national tragedy.
It can be: joyful or sad, love or hate, sticking to the belief or feeling lost to the future, the illusion of poetic hero or the sentimentality of suffering and losing.
It is from this demand of new emotional expression that the Returned Poets went into different directions and developed their poetic skills in the new era.
Some of them focused on real political issue; some had a grandiose theme concerning the historical experience of Chinese or even human beings; and some were just casual writing.
Ai Qing's poetic characteristics shows the aestheticization of political and ideological struggle, which was generally viewed as the struggle between light and dark during the 1980s.
These poems wrote after his returned were limited by his old thoughts and skills, thus didn't provide much new nutrition to contemporary Chinese poetry in the new era.
He was divided as a rightist and was forced to Laogai (reform through labor) for more than 20 years before his return.
He didn't just focus on a right-or-wrong judgement on history, but turned to a more transcendental subject: the salvation of life through love.
In some of his poems, he consciously expressed his critical attitude toward the commodification and inequality in the era of economic reform, and it accidentally echoed with the New Left (新左派) thought in China (although Chang Yao himself didn't know this school of thought at that time), which appeared in the late 1990s and criticize the global capitalism.
The Returned Poets, along with the younger generation of poets who started writing later than them, such as the so-called Misty Poets, played the major roles for Chinese poetry in the 1980s.
Defending champions Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne defeated Nell Hopman and Emily Hood Westacott 6–2, 6–2 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1937 Australian Championships.
It is located in the municipality of Saint-Félix-d'Otis, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality from the administrative region Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The southern part of Lake Otis is served by route 170, that is the main street (east-west direction) which passes to the village of the hamlet Lac-Goth and to the village of Saint-Félix-d'Otis going west.
Several dozen chalets are set up, especially around the south-eastern bay where the village of Saint-Félix-d'Otis and the north-eastern bay are located.
The surface of Lake Otis is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Lake Otis has a length of in the shape of a boat anchor, a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
Otis Lake follows the shape of a hook, the top of which is the village bay and the end of the hook being the Anse à Pierre.
The United States Curling Association Hall of Fame was started in 1984 to recognize and honor individuals and teams that have achieved extraordinary distinction in curling or have made major contribution to the development of curling in the United States.
Somerville is also included as skip of two of the four teams to have been inducted to the Hall of Fame, the 1965 World Men's Championship team and the 1975 World Men's Championship team.
The other two teams that have been inducted are the 1976 World Men's Championship team and the 1978 World Men's Championship team.
The building has, on each side, a composition of four pairs of pilasters framing three windows on the second and third floors.
On 12 November 2019, after graduating from Oxford United's academy, Goodrham made his debut for the club in a 4–1 EFL Trophy win against Crawley Town, becoming Oxford's youngest ever player in the process, aged 16 years and 98 days.
Of these, 99.2% spoke Russian, 0.2% Polish, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.1% Ukrainian, 0.1% Belarusian, 0.1% Latvian and 0.1% German as their native language.
The 2019–20 Stephen F. Austin Ladyjacks basketball team represents Stephen F. Austin University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Ladyjacks are led by fifth year head coach Mark Kellogg and play their home games at the William R. Johnson Coliseum.
In 1942, there were two destinations: 18,746 Jews were deported in eighteen transports to Auschwitz concentration camp and another 39,000–40,000 were deported in thirty-eight transports to Majdanek and Sobibór extermination camps and various ghettos in the Lublin district of the General Governorate.
In 1944 and 1945, 13,500 Jews were deported to Auschwitz (8,000 deportees), with smaller numbers sent to the Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrück, Bergen-Belsen, and Theresienstadt concentration camps.
In the political crisis that followed the September 1938 Munich Agreement, the conservative, ethnonationalist Slovak People’s Party unilaterally declared a state of autonomy for Slovakia within Czechoslovakia.
Although they were allowed to return within a few months, these deportations were a rehearsal for those to follow in 1942.
Slovakia initially agreed with the German government to deport 20,000 Jews of working age to German-occupied Poland, paying Nazi Germany 500 Reichsmarks each (supposedly to cover the cost of resettlement).
However, this was only the first step in the deportation of all Jews because deporting workers while leaving their families behind would worsen the economic situation of the remaining Jews.
In the meantime, Nazi Germany had been working towards the Final Solution—the murder of all the Jews that it could reach.
The original deportation plan, approved in February 1942 by the German and Slovak governments, entailed the deportation of 7,000 single women aged 16–35 to Auschwitz and 13,000 single men aged 16–45 to Majdanek as forced laborers.
Initially, many Jews believed that it was better to report for deportation than risk reprisals against their families for failing to do so.
The Hlinka Guard struggled to meet its targets; as a result, only 3,800 women and 4,500 men were deported during the initial phase of deportations.
Department 14, a subsidiary of Slovakia's Central Economic Office, organized the transports, while the Slovak Transport Ministry provided the cattle cars.
Transports were timed to reach the Slovak border at Čadca at 04:28; they left Patrónka, Poprad, and Nováky in the evening, and Žilina at 03:20.
Before its departure, Wisliceny spoke to the deportees on the platform, saying that they would be allowed to return home after they finished the work that Germany had planned for them.
According to survivors, songs in Hebrew and Slovak were sung as the first two transports of women to Auschwitz left the platforms.
Most of the Slovak Jewish women deported to Auschwitz in 1942 who survived the war were from the first two transports in March, because they were younger and stronger.
Those from eastern Slovakia were especially likely to be young, because most Jews from that area were Haredim and tended to marry young: more than half were aged 21 or younger.
The women deported from Bratislava were older on average because they married later in life and some did not marry at all; only 40 percent were 21 or younger.
Ostensibly, the change was to avoid separating families, but it also solved the problem of caring for the children and elderly family members of able-bodied deportees.
Instead of able-bodied male Slovak Jews being deported to Majdanek, the SS needed to prepare space for Slovak Jewish families in the region's overcrowded ghettos.
The trains went through two railway distribution points, in Nałęczów and Lublin, where they were met by a ranking SS officer.
In Lublin, there was usually a selection and able-bodied men were selected for labor at Majdanek, while the remainder were sent to ghettos along the rail lines.
The final transports to the Lublin district occurred during the first half of June 1942; ten transports stopped briefly at Majdanek, where able-bodied men (generally those aged 15–50) were selected for labor; the trains continued to Sobibór, where the remaining victims were murdered.
The family transports were marked by scenes that horrified many non-Jewish Slovaks, such as Hlinka Guardsmen chasing and assaulting Jews in the streets and stealing the last of their possessions.
Although some guards and local officials accepted bribes to keep Jews off the transports, the victim would typically be deported on the next train.
Most groups stayed only briefly in the Lublin ghettos before they were deported again to the death camps, while a few remained in the ghettos for months or years.
Several thousand of the deportees ended up in the forced-labor camps in the Lublin area (such as Poniatowa, Końskowola, and Krychów).
Unusually, the deportees in the Lublin area were quickly able to establish contact with the Jews remaining in Slovakia, which led to extensive aid efforts.
The first arrived on 4 July, which led to the initial selection on the ramp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, which became a regular event.
By 1 August, most of the Jews not exempt from deportation had already been deported or had fled to Hungary, leading to a six-week halt in the transports.
For the first three months after the arrival of the first transport in March, Slovak Jewish women were the only female Jewish prisoners in Auschwitz.
Conditions were much worse; employed mostly on outdoor labor details, most of the women died within the first four months at Birkenau.
Along with backbreaking physical labor and starvation, many died in epidemics of typhus or malaria and the mass executions ordered by the SS to contain the epidemics.
This left only 500 or 600 Slovak Jews still alive at Auschwitz and its subcamps—about half of whom had obtained privileged positions in administration which allowed them to obtain the necessities for survival.
The deportations disproportionately affected poor, rural, and Orthodox Jews; although the Šariš-Zemplín region in eastern Slovakia lost 85 to 90 percent of its Jewish population, Žilina reported that almost half of its Jews remained after the deportation.
The deportees were held briefly in camps in Slovakia before deportation; 26,384 from Žilina, 7,500 from Patrónka, 7,000 from Poprad, 4,160 (or 4,463) from Sereď, and 4,000 to 5,000 from Nováky.
Eighteen trains with 18,746 victims went to Auschwitz, and another thirty-eight transports (with 39,000 to 40,000 deportees) went to ghettos and concentration and extermination camps in the Lublin district.
Czech historian Daniel Putík estimates that only 1.5 percent (around 280 people) of those deported to Auschwitz in 1942 survived, while the death rate of those deported to the Lublin region approached 100 percent.
Attempts by Germany and Slovak People's Party radicals to resume the transports in 1943 were unsuccessful and were followed by a two-year hiatus.
Einsatzgruppe H, one of the SS death squads, was formed to deport or murder the estimated 25,000 Jews remaining in Slovakia.
Most of the Jews who were exempted from the 1942 deportations lived in western Slovakia, but following the invasion many fled to the mountains.
About 13,500 Jews were deported in the second round including between 6,734 and 7,936 to Auschwitz and another 5,000 to Ravensbrück, Sachsenhausen, Bergen-Belsen, and Theresienstadt.
From Slovakia, Ravensbrück received transports totaling 1,600 women and children (mostly Jews) and 478 male prisoners, including Jews, Romani people, and political opponents.
About 1,550 to 1,750 men (mostly Jews) were deported to Sachsenhausen, while about 200–300 people were deported from Sereď to Bergen-Belsen, especially Jews in mixed marriages and some intact families of Jews.
Many of those deported to the concentration camps in Germany were sent onwards to subcamps of the main camps, where they worked mostly in war industries.
On four transports from Sereď, selections were carried out at the camp with different cars being directed to Sachsenhausen, Bergen-Belsen, Ravensbrück, and/or Theresienstadt.
Many details of the transports are unknown, because much of the documentation was destroyed by the perpetrators, requiring historians to rely on survivor testimonies.
The mortality rate was highest on the transports to Auschwitz in September and October, because there was a selection and most of the deportees were immediately murdered in the gas chambers.
The high death rate at concentration camps such as Sachsenhausen, Bergen-Belsen and Ravensbrück was due to the exploitation of forced labor for total war and inmates were murdered based on their inability to work, rather than their race or religion.
Between several hundred and 2,000 Jews were killed in Slovakia, and about 10,850 survived to be liberated by the Red Army in March and April 1945.
The Rivière Éternité is a small stream in Quebec (Canada) which flows into Eternity Bay at Rivière-Éternité, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean.
The upper part of this river crosses the zec du Lac-au-Sable, a controlled exploitation zone; the lower part crosses the Saguenay Fjord National Park, a protected natural area which is very popular with tourists.
The surface of the Eternity River is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
The northeast part of the lake has the shape of a giraffe neck and head looking towards the southeast; the South-West part has the shape of a cross whose top is oriented towards the South-East.
From the mouth of the Éternité river, the current crosses the Baie Éternité on north, then descends the Saguenay River on to the east where flows into the St. Lawrence River at Tadoussac.
According to the Sépaq, the Eternity river is an important river for the reproduction of the brook trout anadrome, commonly called sea trout.
In 2016, España participated in the thirteenth edition of the prestigious Cosmopoética festival held in Córdoba (Spain) along with 130 other poets from all over the world.
Two years later, in 2018, as part of the Safi Festival in Morocco of literature, a tribute was paid to España, who was attending as a guest.
In 2016, España participated in the thirteenth edition of the prestigious Cosmopoética festival held in Córdoba (Spain) along with 130 other poets from all over the world.
Two years later, in 2018, as part of the Safi Festival in Morocco of literature, a tribute was paid to España, which was attended as a guest.
Siomara works as a teacher at Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), and also has a PhD in artistic literary and cultural studies from the same university.
In 2016, Spain she participated in the thirteenth edition of the Cosmopoetica festival celebrated in Córdoba, Spain with 130 poets more from all the world.
a lot of her works were traslated to different laguages as english, frech, japanese she is the authir of several poetry books.
Doctoral thesis on: The anthropological universe in the work of Pablo Palacio: a biocritical and psychocritical analysis from the Poetics of the imaginary.
In October 2012 he was promoted again to become Chief of Staff of the Chengdu Military Region Air Force, he remained in that position until March 2013, when he was transferred to Guangzhou and appointed Chief of Staff of the Guangzhou Military Region Air Force.
The Fairchild 9440 MICROFLAME, also known as the F9440 and μFLAME, was a 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1977.
By this time the 16-bit designs were being surpassed by 32-bit designs and hybrids like the Motorola 68000, and Fairchild began turning their attention to their Fairchild Clipper design.
The underlying core of the 9445 was also used to implement the 9450, which used new microcode to implement the MIL-STD-1750A.
The National Semiconductor IMP-16 and PACE were similar chip-based implementations inspired by the Nova, but did not draw the ire of DG.
The Data General NOVA was introduced in 1969, implemented using individual integrated circuits (ICs) mounted on a 15x15-inch printed circuit board.
In order to lower design complexity, and thus board size and cost, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) was only 4-bits wide, implemented using a single 74181 IC.
This meant it required four machine cycles to complete a 16-bit instruction, but it also allowed the system to be much less expensive than competing minicomputers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) or Hewlett-Packard.
In 1970, DG introduced the SuperNOVA, which featured a full 16-bit wide ALU using four 74181's in bit-slice fashion, and thus ran about four times as fast as the original NOVA.
This was further boosted by other changes, including faster core memory and optional semiconductor memory, making the SuperNOVA the fastest mini for some time.
As development of both designs continued, the two were modified so the faster version could be dropped into existing machines originally running the lower-speed hardware.
Initially only 4-bit and then 8-bit CPUs could easily be manufactured on a single chip, but by the mid-1970s, 16-bit designs were appearing.
Several other 16-bit designs appeared during this period, including the Texas Instruments TMS 9900, which implemented their TI-990 minicomputer, and the Intersil 6100, a single-chip version of the PDP-8.
DG needed to respond to these systems, and began development of the microNOVA mN601, a single-chip design that implemented the NOVA 3 instruction set, and added hardware single-precision multiply and divide, formerly an optional add-on for NOVA systems.
It was announced in early 1976, and sold to anyone who wanted one - they could be purchased as a single chip, a CPU card with support chips, or a complete packaged NOVA machine.
It ran at fairly low speeds, normally using a 240 ns clock (~4.2 MHz), completing instructions in 2.4 to 10 ms.
Throughout the evolution of the Nova line, the systems had been built primarily using discrete ICs from Fairchild Semiconductor, a leader in IC design during the 1960s.
For reasons that are not recorded in the historical record, Fairchild decided to produce their own single-chip implementation of the NOVA design, without Data General's approval.
The courts had already decided that the instruction set of a CPU was not subject to copyright, and this had been tested several times by companies that implemented IBM mainframe compatible systems using different internal implementations.
To Fairchild's surprise, DG sued Fairchild in 1977, not for design infringement, but claiming that Fairchild was enticing DG's customers to break their licensing agreements.
The 9440 was much more expensive than the mN601; the former sold for $395 in lots of 100, including the software package, while the later was $95 for the same quantity.
The combinaion of the higher prices and lawsuit made the 9440 a slow seller, and it was not picked up for second-source by any of Fairchild's normal partners.
Using a new 2-micron process, the 9445 implemented the NOVA 3 instruction set in microcode, added built-in hardware multiply and divide, and added addressing for up to 128 kWords.
In contrast to the 9440, which ran about the same speed as an original NOVA, the 9554 was quite fast; Fairchild claimed it would run ten times faster than an actual NOVA 3.
In 1986, with the minicomputer market collapsing as newer IBM PC designs began to take over their market, DG decided to settle.
Schlumberger decided to exit the business, and in 1987 they sold Fairchild to National Semiconductor, who immediately ended production of the line.
In contrast to the NMOS mN601, Fairchild's 9440 design was fabbed using Fairchild's proprietary 3-micron bipolar transistor Isoplanar Integrated Injection Logic process, IL.
This was a transistor-transistor logic (TTL) system, so the resulting chip required only a single +5V power supply instead of the four-level supply of the mN601.
The process also allowed it to run faster, up to 12 MHz; whereas the mN601 ran about half the speed of the original Nova, the 9440 ran about the speed of a Nova 1200.
They also integrated the clock generator and oscillator, removing the need for additional external clock support, although it could read an external clock if one was provided.
This was possible because the instruction set was in microcode, allowing the CPU to (in theory) be of any design at all.
The μFLAME differed from the mN601 slightly in programming model, as its instruction set was based on the NOVA 2, not NOVA 3, and thus lacked the hardware stack that had been introduced on the 3.
It also lacked the hardware multiply and divide of the mN601, although this could be added with the optional 9443 Special Function Unit.
Unrelated to the 9440 specifically, Fairchild also sold suitable dynamic RAM chips (DRAM), the 4 kB 93481 and 16 kB 93483.
While the 9440 included direct memory access (DMA) signals to indicate the start and end of a DMA process, when it received them it simply paused and released the system bus.
In contrast, the NOVA performed an optional interrupt that allowed the processor itself to move data, jumping through an address in memory location 0001.
One significant change was the move from 3-micron to 2-micron feature sizes, which allowed more gates to be constructed on the chip without effecting yield, and allowing the operating speeds to be increased to 24 MHz, double that of the 9440.
The 9445 fully implemented the NOVA3 instruction set, adding the SP (stack pointer) and FP (frame pointer) registers to support the hardware stack.
It added the hardware-based 16-bit multiply and divide that had been left out of the 9440, eliminating the need for the 9443.
On top, it added a suite of new opcodes to help with floating point math, which could operate on 8-, 16- or 32-bit data.
Matt Meredith (born July 27, 1984) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 4th district since 2016.
In 2011, Parsons joined Swindon Town's academy after trialling with Reading and Swindon, signing a scholarship with the club in 2019.
Xiao Wenjiao (; born December 1967) is a Chinese geologist and researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences's Institute of Geology and Geophysics and Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography.
He received his master's degree in structural geology from China University of Geosciences (Beijing) in 1992 and doctor's degree in sedimentology from the Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1995, respectively.
In November 1995 he joined the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), becoming associate research fellow in December 1998 and research fellow in December 2003.
In 2007 he continued his pilot's career in business aviation flying on Business jets, including midsize Gulfstream G150, VLJ Cessna Citation Mustang and intercontinental Bombardier Challenger 604 and 605.
He partly owns one private aircraft Cessna 172 Skyhawk and flew Business jets on numerous short and long haul flights throughout Europe, CIS & Russia, Asia, Africa, Middle and Far East including long haul experience throughout North and South America with knowledge of the most major international airports all over the World.
T. D. Kusalakumari (Full name: Thanjavur Damayanthi Kusalakumari) (6 December 1937 - 7 March 2019) was an Indian film actress and a dancer.
The then Chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalitha came to know Kusalakumari's financial difficulties and sanctioned a monthly allowance of Rs.5000.
The 2020 U.S. F2000 National Championship will be the eleventh season of the U.S. F2000 National Championship since its revival in 2010.
An 18 race schedule was announced on 12 September 2019 featuring six permanent road courses, two street circuits, and a single oval in the Carb Night Classic.
It is situated in the southern part of Valhalla Provincial Park, northeast of Gimli Peak, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake.
Gladsheim is the magnificent meeting hall containing thirteen council seats where, according to Norse mythology, Odin presided over all the realms.
In keeping with the Valhalla theme, this peak's name was submitted in 1900 by R. W. Brock to the Geological Survey of Canada for consideration, and it was officially adopted March 31, 1924, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Dale Derby (born September 25, 1948) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 74th district from 2016 to 2018.
It has smooth, shiny bark, glossy green lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or conical fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish green or glaucous, egg-shaped to broadly lance-shaped leaves that are long and wide and petiolate.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between nine and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels up to long.
The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, barrel-shaped or conical capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level or below it.
This subspecies occurs on the highest peaks south from Mount Franklin in the Australian Capital Territory to near Yarrangobilly in New South Wales and Mount Buffalo in Victoria.
Yu Guirui (; born 1959) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as researcher and deputy director of the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He received his master's degree in crop cultivation and farming and doctor's degree in soil physics and amelioration from Shenyang Agricultural University in 1984 and 1993, respectively.
Yu returned to China in 1998 and that same year became a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
On 13 November 2019, after progressing through Swindon Town's academy, Parsons made his debut for the club in a 1–0 EFL Trophy loss against Bristol Rovers.
He has raced in the series for over a decade and also made two NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series starts in 2010 for Germain Racing.
In his eight full-time seasons in ARCA, he has finished in the top-10 in points every year, including in the top-5 in five of those eight years.
Despite after coming off the heels of a second-place points finish, Hessert decided to only run part-time in 2017 in order to spend more time with his family.
22 for Chad Bryant Racing at that race as a replacement for Chase Briscoe, who could not compete after the race was rescheduled a month later than it was supposed to be run due to rain, and the new race date conflicted with his Xfinity schedule.
The Mayor of Treviso is an elected politician who, along with the Treviso's City Council, is accountable for the strategic government of Treviso in Veneto, Italy.
The current Mayor is Mario Conte, a member of the right-wing populist party Lega Nord, who took office on 13 June 2018.
The Mayor is elected by the population of Treviso, who also elects the members of the City Council, controlling the Mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce his resignation by a motion of no confidence.
Since 1994 the Mayor is elected directly by Treviso's electorate: in all mayoral elections in Italy in cities with a population higher than 15,000 the voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition.
If no candidate receives at least 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks.
The election of the City Council is based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote: the candidate with the majority of the preferences is elected.
Sora Itoda, a closeted second-year high school student, is alienated by the homophobia of his peers and the pressures of needing to pass as straight.
The series follows the intergenerational friendship that forms between Sora and the man, and the mentorship the man provides Sora on the problems he is facing.
He was born in Perticara, Italy on 12 October 1845, but began his musical studies with his uncle Pio Galli in Rimini until 1862 when he enrolled in the Milan Conservatory to be a pupil of Alberto Mazzucato.
He then moved to Amelia, Umbria where he became bandmaster in the city chapel and director of the town band between 1871 and 1873, as well as director of the Finale Emilia school from 1871 to 1873.
In 1869, he began his career as a journalist as well, being art director of Stabilimento Musicale Sonzogno and editor of Edoardo Sonzogno's Euterpe though Sonzongno never credited him.
In 1873 he moved to Milan once again to be Chairman of Counterpoint and Musical Aesthetics at the Conservatory of which he studied in, as well as music critic of the newspapers Il Secolo and editors of Il Teatro Illustrata and La Musica Popolare, all of which owned by Sonzogno.
After gaining substantial fame from his composing and journalism, in 1894 he purchased a holiday home in Rimini but in 1906 or 1907 quit journalism, and in 1914 retired completely and moved to Rimini, where he died on December 8, 1919.
The Lancaster Aulacogen is a geological structure underlying Lancaster Sound and Prince Regent Inlet in the Arctic Archipelago of Nunavut, Canada.
It formed as a result of extensional tectonics during the Eurekan Rifting Episode, which took place in the Canadian Arctic Rift System from the Cretaceous to the Tertiary.
The singles discography of American country artist Tammy Wynette contains 64 singles, 6 music videos, 3 promotional singles and 2 featured singles.
Chad Bryant Racing is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the ARCA Menards Series and the ARCA Menards Series West.
The team was formed on January 9, 2018 by ARCA crew chief Chad Bryant, who purchased the assets of the team he had been working for in the series, Cunningham Motorsports, which was being sold by its retiring owner Briggs Cunningham, who was age 85 at the time.
His co-owner, 68-year old Kerry Scherer, also decided to step away from team ownership and did not continue with the team after it was sold to Bryant.
The team was nearly the same as it was in 2017 before the change in ownership, as Bryant retained all personnel who remained with the team.
However, since Cunningham's 2017 drivers Shane Lee and Dalton Sargeant both moved up to the NASCAR Xfinity and Truck Series, respectively, in 2018, Bryant needed new drivers for the team's No.
77, and rookie Joe Graf Jr. joined CBR for what was initially set to be a part-time schedule starting at the second race of the season at Nashville.
22 at Daytona and they let Fast Track Racing use their owner points to field an additional entry at that race for Ed Pompa.
Due to a lack of sponsorship, the team withdrew from Talladega and only ran part-time for the remainder of the season.
77 full-time for their predecessor Cunningham team, ran at IRP as a replacement for Chase Briscoe, who was scheduled to be in the No.
22 for that race, but could not compete after the race was rescheduled a month later than it was supposed to be run due to rain, and the new race date conflicted with his Xfinity schedule.
Finchum did not end up running any races with the team, and was in the car then to get approval to run at the track in his full-time Xfinity Series ride with MBM Motorsports.
Graf would go on to finish eighth in points in his first full-season in ARCA (minus one race), picking up one win at Berlin Raceway on August 25, 2018.
That car would have a rotation of drivers during the season, with Connor Hall starting the season at Daytona with sponsorship from Marlow Yachts.
In the remaining races where Heim was not eligible to run, Ty Majeski, a Ford development driver who had previously competed for Roush Fenway Racing's NASCAR Xfinity Series team, which closed down after 2018, drove the team's No.
He returned to ARCA for the first time in two years, and doing so this time in an effort to rebuild his career after losing his ride.
In dominant fashion, Majeski finished in the top-5 in every single one of his starts, which included three wins, which came at Charlotte, Pocono, and Chicago.
In addition, Chad Bryant Racing made their debut in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West (which was soon to be renamed the ARCA Menards Series West), fielding two cars in the series' season-finale at Phoenix in preparation for when ARCA would visit the track for the first time in 2020.
The albums discography of American country music artist Tammy Wynette contains 33 studio albums, 21 compilation albums, 1 box set and has appeared on 6 additional albums.
Company is the third and final studio album by the Australian rock band Bluejuice, released through Dew Process on 11 November 2011.
Richard Akinfolarin Taylor (born 2 October 2000) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Southend United.
In October 2018, Taylor joined Colne on loan, joining fellow Burnley scholars Michael Fowler, Will Harris and Ethan Kershaw also on loan at the club.
He was part of a group of painters representative of the high Baroque style, consistng of Grigorije Davidović Opšić, Mojsije Subotić, Grigorije Jezdimirović and himself.
This leads to a mortal attack on him by a criminal named Mahadevan and for six months, Annachi's wife Kasturi tends to her husband who is comatose.
It features lead singer Jake Stone in an unexpected passionate tryst with an older woman in the park, witnessed by innocent members of the public and band members Stavros Yiannoukas, Jamie Cibej, Jerry Craib and James Hauptmann.
This directive aims to improve the trade between members of the EU for accessible products and services, by removing country specific rules.
It includes a wide range of systems including personal devices such as computers, smartphones, e-books, and TVs, as well as public services like television broadcast, ATMs, ticketing machines, public transport services, banking services and e-commerce sites.
The laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive have to be adopted and published by the Member States by 28 June 2022.
The requirements and obligations of this Directive do not apply to microenterprises providing services within the scope of this Directive – whereby ‘microenterprise’ means an enterprise which employs fewer than 10 persons and which has an annual turnover not exceeding EUR 2 million or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding EUR 2 million.
Schutte made his professional debut for Rio Ave in a 4-4 UEFA Europa League tie with Jagiellonia Białystok on 2 August 2019.
The Diamond Springs Stage Station Site, in Keith County, Nebraska near Brule, Nebraska was the site of a stagecoach station in 1859.
It is a site located just 70 to 100 feet north of the right-of-way of Interstate 80, about west of the Brule exit of the interstate.
UFC 248: Adesanya vs. Romero is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on March 7, 2020 at T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada, United States.
A UFC Middleweight Championship bout between the current champion Israel Adesanya and former challenger Yoel Romero is expected to headline the event.
A UFC Women's Strawweight Championship bout between the current champion Zhang Weili and former champion Joanna Jędrzejczyk is expected to take place at the event.
However, on 15 January 2020, it was announced that Whittaker pulled out of the bout to donate bone marrow to his daughter.
While not officially announced by the organization, a featherweight bout between Calvin Kattar and Jeremy Stephens was expected to take place at the event.
The city fortifications were demolished in the 16th century by Jacques de Goyon, Marshall of France under orders from Henry III of France.
To the east the mountain range is limited by the Egilknyveyem River and to the west by the valley of the Maly Keperveyem River, both right hand tributaries of the Maly Anyuy River.
The Kyrganay Range is part of the East Siberian System of mountains and is one of the subranges of the Anadyr Highlands.
The mountains are characterized by a smooth relief, like most of the neighboring mountain ranges of Bilibino District, such as the Rauchuan Range further to the north.
It has smooth bark, branchlets that are often glaucous, glossy green lance-shaped to egg-shaped or elliptical adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between eleven and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish green to glaucous, egg-shaped, oblong to round leaves that are long and wide and petiolate.
Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped, elliptical or curved, long and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between eleven and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle up to long, the individual buds usually sessile or rarely on pedicels up to long.
It's a collection of previous singles including festival anthem 'Broken Leg' as well as the song that first brought them screaming and spitting onto the national stage; the twitchy, scuzzy, shouty, fantastic 'Vitriol'.
In August 2019, Rush signed for Isthmian League Premier Division club Harlow Town on loan, scoring eleven goals in 13 games in all competitions during three months at the club.
Aymen Boutoutaou (born 18 February 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Valenciennes in the French Ligue 2.
Patricia Draves is an American medical researcher and academic administrator, currently serving as the 18th President of Graceland University in Lamoni, Iowa.
She earned a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry from Mount Holyoke College, and a Ph.D in Biophysical Chemistry from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1991.
In 1993, Draves began her academic career as a professor at the University of Central Arkansas, where she eventually became Dean of undergraduate studies.
Draves became the 18th President of Graceland University in June of 2017, succeeding John Sellars, who had served for ten years in the position.
George Thomas Rockrise, FAIA, ASLA, AICP (November 25, 1916 – July 7, 2000) was an American architect, landscape architect, and urban planner of Japanese descent based in San Francisco, California.
During his career he practiced both nationally and internationally, had a distinguished career in public service, and received numerous honors and awards.
Rockrise was born in New York City to Iwahiko Tsumanuma (also known as Thomas S. Rockrise, one of the first American-educated Japanese architects in the United States) and Agnes Margaret (Asbury) Rockrise, of Brooklyn, New York.
He grew up in New York City and later at Saranac Lake, New York, where his father was under treatment for tuberculosis.
Of note was a Flight Training Scholarship from the U.S. Army Air Corps his senior year, leading him to receive his pilot's license upon graduation.
After working a few years in architecture and construction, Rockrise was awarded concurrently a Graduate Fellowship at Columbia University and an Advanced Flight Scholarship from the U.S. Army Air Corps for advanced flight training.
Upon graduating from Columbia University, Rockrise accepted a job in the Canal Zone of Panama, where he was residing when the U.S. entered World War II, December 7, 1941.
Rockrise remained in Panama for the duration of the war, working as an architect for the Canal Zone, U.S. Navy, the U.S.
Rockrise was never able to fulfill his desire to fly for the U.S. Navy, as he was repeatedly denied a commission because of his Japanese ancestry.
Returning to New York City after the war, Rockrise went to work for Edward D. Stone, FAIA (’58), who at this time was one of the leading American architects exploring modernism.
Rockrise worked on various projects including the El Panama Hotel (Panama City, Panama), coordinating the firm’s work with Thomas D. Church, FASLA, in San Francisco, then the country’s leading modern landscape architect.
Perhaps this was because they had to be done in the metric system, and perhaps because the notes had to be in Spanish, and I spoke Spanish.” Subsequently, Rockrise worked for the architectural, urban planning, and engineering firm, Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM), where he was assigned by SOM architect and design partner Gordon Bunshaft, FAIA, to be a staff designer for the United Nations Headquarters Building.
As one of the ‘Backroom Boys,’ Rockrise worked under Sven Markelius and Le Corbusier, two of the group of world-renowned architects who designed the United Nations complex.
Among other projects, Rockrise worked with then associate, Lawrence Halprin, FASLA (’69), on the award winning design for the landscaping of the Donnell residence in Sonoma County, California.
In these early years, 1949–1953, Rockrise also taught at the School of Architecture at the University of California at Berkeley, and was the faculty advisor for the student chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
Among the first draftsmen he hired were John Matthew Myers and Robert C. Mountjoy in 1955, who became associates in 1958.
In 1954, he was invited to Venezuela for several months to assist renowned Venezuelan architect Tomás José Sanabria in the establishment of that country's first school of architecture at the Universidad Nacional.
In 1957, Rockrise was commissioned to design the American Consulate in Fukuoka, Japan, in collaboration with the noted architects Hervey Parke Clark, FAIA, and John Beuttler.
The job took him to Japan for the first time in the later part of that year and, for the first time, he was able to visit the birthplace of his father (Yamagata City) and meet many of his Japanese relatives, among them, his last living aunt.
In 1968, Rockrise formed George T. Rockrise and Associates, with Robert A. Odermatt, FAIA (‘86), Robert C. Mountjoy and James J. Amis, FAIA (‘97), all of whom were associates, becoming principals.
The firm later became Rockrise, Odermatt, Mountjoy and Amis (ROMA), and is known today as ROMA Design Group, though none of the original named partners are any longer associated with the firm.
Under his leadership, members of collateral design professions such as landscape architecture, structural and mechanical/electrical engineering were engaged as team members early on in the design process.
He established a solo practice based in Glen Ellen, CA, completing the Wellington Residence & Winery (Glen Ellen, CA), the Paradise Ridge Winery (Santa Rosa, CA), the Sternik Residence (St. Helena, CA), and the Rockrise/Brown residence (Camano Island, WA).
In 1948 Rockrise married Margaret (Maggie) Lund Paulson, originally from Oregon and a Stanford graduate, who was the fashion editor of a San Francisco newspaper.
Over the course of Rockrise's career at ROMA, the firm provided architectural, urban design and development consulting for more than 40 west coast cities and various federal, state and local agencies.
Rockrise was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (1963) and of the Institute of Design Professionals of Great Britain.
Service with the American Institute of Architects (AIA) included Northern California Chapter Vice-President (1960) and President (1961), Director of the California Council (1961), National Vice President (1969-1972), Chair of the Task Force on Social Responsibility, Trustee for the Urban Design and Development Corporation, and several design juries.
As a licensed landscape architect, Rockrise was also a member of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) and received the Distinguished Service Citation for Contributions to the Environment in 1967.
He was also licensed as a professional planner, and as a charter member of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) served as chair of the Urban Design Committee.
Rockrise was known for his distinguished public service and as a teacher and lecturer in Architecture, Urban Design and related social issues affecting the design professions.
While serving as National Vice President for the AIA (1969–1972), Rockrise chaired a task force that secured a $1 million Ford Foundation grant for scholarships for African American students to attend architectural schools and innovated the concept of ‘urban design workshops,’ that would later come to be called Community Design Centers (CDC), where students gained practical professional experience.
An outgrowth of this work was his appointment as chair of the Technical Assistance Team of the Southwest Council of La Raza to work with the Ford Foundation in securing grants for housing assistance for Chicano barrios (communities) in the southwest.
In 1966, Rockrise was appointed by Robert Weaver, Secretary of the newly formed Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to be the first Special Advisor for Design during President Johnson's Great Society initiative.
Rockrise also served on the Reynolds Community Architecture Jury (1969), a distinguished group that visited, evaluated and recognized the best new towns worldwide, including Brasilia (Brazil) and Chandigarh (India).
Other public service included terms on the San Francisco Art Commission (1953–1956, 1986–1987), the San Francisco Planning Commission (1961–1962), and the Executive Committee, Board of Directors, and Advisory Council of SPUR (San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association).
Hannan was an unsuccessful candidate in the Democratic primary for the position of member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan's 17th district in 1952.
The district is based in Manchester, including the city's 3rd, 4th, 10th, and 11th wards as well as the nearby town of Goffstown, in Hillsborough County.
Secrets of a Co-Ed is a 1942 American crime film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and written by George Wallace Sayre.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity, but this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
Ulyana Akhsarbekovna Nesheva (Ukrainian: Уляна Нєшева; Russian: Ульяна Нешева, ; born 26 November 1983) is a Ukrainian contemporary painter and tattoo artist, born in Kerch, Crimea, Ukrainian SSR.
Following her education at the Academy of Design and Arts KSADA in Kharkov, Nesheva moved to Kiev, where she experienced a rampant growth as a painter.
Her paintings are displayed to this day in private galleries of Ukraine, in the Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami as well as in private collections.
In 2014, despite of being one of the most prominent Ukrainian painters of her time, Nesheva started a career of a tattoo artist.
Nesheva is consistently cited as one of the best and sought-after minimalist tattoo artist of Ukraine, known for her long branches tattoos and floral style.
Nesheva's clientele includes some of the most famous Ukrainian artists, such as Nadya Dorofeeva, Evgeny Filatov, Nata Zhizhchenko and Irina Gorovaya.
Her mother, Tatiana Kumaritova, who is antiquarian, was born in Novosibirsk, Russia, and her father, Akhsarbek Kumaritov, who is a sailor on tanker, was born in the village of Kohat, South Ossetia.
Her teachers, including artist Victor Zaporozhec, noticed her artistic abilities, and her mother encouraged her daughter's talent and any creative endeavors.
In May 1998, at the age of fifteen, Nesheva graduated as an external student from Zhelyabov High school in Kerch, Crimea.
At the same time, she became interested in film photography and graphic arts, she continued mastering her skills as an artist by extensively producing many illustrations, lithographs and conceptual photography series.
Ulyana Nesheva began her artist career in the early 20s, exploring a variety of painting techniques and creating graphic arts primarily for local publications.
Her breakthrough as an artist, Nesheva did in June, 2010, when she took the first place in Kyiv Art Week and the same year displayed her work at Berlin Art Week.
However, Nesheva's interest in tattoo art raised to the new level, when her friend, Andrei Bezpamyatny, who is a realism tattoo artist, showed her how to use the machine.
It took her two days to learn and she mastered her skills by making her first tattoo on herself, of two-headed girl in a dress, which represents a close connection with her sister.
Being renowned as one of the pioneers in floral and minimalist style, Nesheva is considered to be one of the best tattoo artists of Ukraine.
In November, 2019, she became a member of the National Tattoo Association of Ukraine and a judge in the first online tattoo festival in Ukraine.
In 2015, Nesheva collaborated with Ukrainian label TTSWTRS, as the baseline for each new collection of brand was works of acclaimed tattoo artists from all over the world.
She created sensual minimalist drawings to combine with the clothes organically, as brand preserves clothing as a second skin and tattoos as the only true way to decorate it, which demonstrates self-expression and freedom in the collections.
In 2017, Nike had released a white collection which consisted of brand's main hits - from the dream of all Nike Air Max 90 mods to those designed specifically for Nike Cortez athletes, where Nesheva was a model to represent Air Force 1.
On July 14, 2019, Nesheva collaborated with the Ukrainian jewelry brand Côte & Jeunot and launched the capsule collection of accent pendants and earings.
In June 2010, Nesheva participated in Kyiv Art Week, an international art week of contemporary art fair, where she was noticed by various critics and curators.
In particular Leonora Yanko, a Ukrainian gallerist, was impressed by her work and invited Nesheva to have her first solo exhibition, that opened on May, 2011 at Hudgraf Art Gallery, Kiev, Ukraine.
In June 2011, she made a studio space in her Kiev apartment, where she commenced a series of paintings for her upcoming personal exhibition.
Traditionally, the interpretation of Nesheva's works at the visual level comes from the subdued emotional tone of what they represent compared to what is actually depicted.
But at this show, unlike with most Contemporary art, you won’t find anything that speaks of protest, or urges one to do something.
This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view the scope of her old and unseen artistry, and became a turning point, which marked the beginning of a new period of the author's work.
Nesheva was one of the four artists presented: Maria Krivopishina, Petra Rubar, a world-renowned sculptor Dmitry Yves, whose works are in the private collection of Patricia Cass and Monica Bellucci.
This exhibition is relevant for socio-cultural development and society in general, as it brings up the subject of contrast of the external and internal state of the soul, entering a new level of perception.
The essence of the exhibition is to show the transition from the past to the present and such an ephemeral future.
In December, 2016, Nesheva presented her paintings at the art exhibition within the Fashion Air Days at the Contemporary Art Center M17, Kiev, Ukraine.
Nesheva is a versatile artist, she produced over 50 paintings in her career in addition to creating illustrations for books, a great number of drawings, graphics and various projects.
Liamine Mokdad (born 21 May 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French Ligue 2 club Orléans.
The Gottfried Gustav Pitz Barn in Cass County, Nebraska near Plattsmouth, Nebraska is a German banked barn built in 1883 by Gottfried Gustav Pitz.
Senator Jean-Claude Carle places her second on his list in the 2014 French Senate election; but the list took just under 30 percent of the vote, not enough to win a second seat for the list.
Senator Carle resigned his seat in June 2018 and announced that he would hand over the seat to Noël, who became the first woman Senator from Haute-Savoie.
He joined Tromsdalen at the age of 15, made his first-team debut at the age of 18 and played there his entire career.
After guiding Tromsdalen to a record-high 7th place in the 2018 1. divisjon he was picked up by Hamarkameratene as their new head coach.
The Marine Cemetery is a monument located at Beypore beach in Kozhikode, Kerala, India dedicated to nine endangered marine and riverine species.
The Marine Cemetery is dedicated to marine and riverine species which are endangered due to plastic waste, water pollution, climate change, and overexploitation.
In November 2019, a team of about 80 volunteers cleaned up Beypore beach, and collected over of plastic waste which they handed over to Kozhikode Municipal Corporation for recycling.
The monument was initiated by Jellyfish Watersports in collaboration with the Beypore Port administration, the authorities of Kozhikode district, and under the Clean Beach Mission of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
It was opened on 4 December 2019, the World Wildlife Conservation Day, by S. Sambasiva Rao, District Collector of Kozhikode, and V. K. C. Mammed Koya, MLA for Beypore constituency.
The monument has nine markers, each dedicated to an endangered marine and riverine species, built with plastic bottles encased in gravestone-shaped iron frames.
Eight of these markers are in height, and are dedicated to the seahorse, parrotfish, leatherback sea turtles, eagle rays, sawfish, dugong, zebra shark, and the hammerhead shark.
He served as the head football coach at his alma mater, Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado from 1984 to 1987 and at Missouri Southern State University on an interim basis in 1988 and full-time from 2000 to 2003, compiling a career college football coaching record of 35–49–1.
It has smooth bark, slightly glaucous branchlets, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull greyish green, lance-shaped to broadly lance-shaped leaves that are up to long and wide with waxy petioles up to long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, rarely nine on a thin, flattened, unbranched peduncle up to long.
The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, hemispherical, conical or cup-shaped capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level.
During World War I, MacArthur was founder and president of Le Cercle Rochambeau, a women's war relief organization, and president of the National Association for Mothers of Defenders of Democracy.
She had an apartment on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, and may have been involved in the Allied secret service during the war.
She was active in the National Council of Women's Department of Community Music, and founder and president of New York's Thursday Musical Club.
The National Federation of Music Clubs held a contest, and awarded $5000 to the MacArthur/Roché libretto and the music by Paolo Gallico.
Lara Denis (born April 17, 1969) is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy and Director of Ethics Program at Agnes Scott College.
Tom Schwedhelm is an American politician and former police officer who has served as the mayor of Santa Rosa, California since December 2018.
Schwedhelm an Associate Degree from Santa Rosa Junior College in Administration of Justice, followed by a Bachelor's Degree from Saint Mary's College of California in Business Management.
The 2019–20 Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons men's basketball team represent Purdue University Fort Wayne in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Mastodons, led by 6th-year head coach Jon Coffman, split their home games between the Gates Sports Center and the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum, both in Fort Wayne, Indiana, as members of the Summit League.
This is the Mastodons' final season in the Summit League; the school will join the Horizon League on July 1, 2020.
The Mastodons finished the 2018–19 season 18–15 overall, 9–7 in Summit League play, to finish in a tie for 3rd place.
Lamar Joseph Johnson (born 4 November 1991) is a semi-professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Canvey Island and the Saint Lucia national football team.
Johnson began his career in the youth systems at Charlton Athletic and Thurrock, before joining non-league club Concord Rangers in 2010.
In January 2014, following an off the field incident against Bury Town that had occurred on 25 September 2013, Johnson was given a year long ban by the The Football Association.
Upon the completion of his ban, Johnson re-signed for Grays, going out on loan to Tilbury in order to gain match fitness.
On 24 March 2017, Johnson, alongside Canvey Island goalkeeper Conor Gough, joined Chelmsford City on dual-registration as cover for Ross Fitzsimons during Chelmsford's National League South run-in.
During the 2017–18 season, Johnson re-signed for Grays, having spells at Hertford Town, Basildon United, Waltham Abbey and Aveley in the following campaign.
On 16 November 2019, Johnson kept a clean-sheet on his debut for the country in a 1–0 win against the Dominican Republic.
Legal experts and press freedom groups such as Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, the Canadian Association of Journalists feared that if the charges were upheld it would give precedence to property rights over media rights as defined in case law and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The case also drew international attention from the Fahmy Foundation, Reporters without Borders, and was cited as a concern by the Press Freedom Index.
The 29-page unanimous decision by the Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador, established an important legal precedent across Canada protecting the legal rights of media against useof injunctions.
Brake was the recipient of the 20th annual Press Freedom Award, awarded annually by the Canadian Committee for World Press Freedom, the 2018 PEN Canada/Ken Filkow Prize for freedom of expression, and co-recipient, with Indigenous journalist Karyn Pugliese, of the 2019 Elias Boudinot Free Press Award, issued by the Native American Journalists Association.
Brake was born in Newfoundland and raised in Ottawa; he does not identify as being indigenous, but says he has some Miꞌkmaq ancestry.
Muskrat Falls is a natural 15 metre waterfall located on the lower Churchill River about 25 kilometers west of Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador with great hydropower potential.
This includes development known as the Lower Churchill Project, which has raised concerns of scientists and local Inuit about methyl-mercury poisoning of the water, wildlife and food sources.
Local Indigenous groups say they ere not properly consulted before the project began, and hosted a series of demonstrations against the project, including hunger strikes in 2013.
The Nunatsiavut Government, which represents the Inuit of Labrador, was unsuccessful in using the courts to try and halt the project.
Indigenous demonstrators, who call themselves land and water protectors, broke a lock on October 22 and entered the property of Nalcor Energy.
When Nalcor filed and was granted an injunction to get the demonstrators off the property, they listed Brake on the injunction without mentioning that he was a journalist and not part of the protest.
Brake was charged criminally with mischief and disobeying a court order and with civil contempt proceedings in Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court, because he'd been present on the property.
APTN intervened in the case and Pugliese, then the executive director of news, testified personally, arguing media to be present at conflicts involving Indigenous Peoples, with reference to the calls to action of Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which had submitted its final report in December 2015.
It prevents the arbitrary use of injunctions against journalists and recognizes the important role journalists have in covering protests and Indigenous issues in Canada.
As of September 2019, lawyers for the crown filed criminal charges of mischief and unlawfully disobeying an order of the court against Brake even though the charges were based on the same set of facts which Justice Green had dismissed in the civil case.
In November 2019 the Crown decided to drop the charge against Brake of unlawfully disobeying an order of the court, but decided to pursue a charge of mischief over $5,000.
Newton Phelps Stallknecht (October 24, 1906 – May 23, 1981) was an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of Indiana.
His publications cover both philosophy and comparative literature, with a philosophical focus on Immanuel Kant, Henri Bergson, and Alfred North Whitehead.
He represented Norway as a youth international, including the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship, and was drafted into the first team in 1988.
After only one goal 1995, he went on to Kongsvinger IL, then after two years there finished his career in HamKam.
In 2015 he was elected as a board member of HamKam and in the summer of 2015 he was employed as their new managing director.
Christophe Pélissier (born 5 October 1965) is a French former footballer who played as a midfielder, and currently the manager of French club Lorient.
In 2007, he helped Luzenac win the amateur 2014 Championnat National and earned promotion into the professional Ligue 2 for the first time.
Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators' Association, also known as DKBOA is in-charge of the private bus transport facilities in Mangalore city and the Dakshina Kannada district.
Mark Simon Eastwood is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dewsbury in the 2019 general election.
Ben Everitt is a British Conservative Party politician who was has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Milton Keynes North since the 2019 general election.
He was previously a councillor for the Conservative Party on Aylesbury Vale District Council, having been elected in local council elections in 2015.
Everitt was criticised by opponents during the election campaign for allegedly staging a photo of himself picking up litter in the car park of the Conservative Club in Bletchley.
Theodora Roosevelt Clarke (born 1985) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stafford since the 2019 general election.
Clarke is the eldest child of the late Sir Charles Mansfield Tobias Clarke, 6th Baronet of Dunham Lodge, and sister to the current Baronet, Sir Lawrence Clarke, Bt.
Prior to entering parliament, she was founder and CEO of the Coalition for Global Prosperity, and stood, unsuccessfully, for election in both the 2015 and 2017 general elections for the seat of Bristol East.
Suzanne Webb (born 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stourbridge since the 2019 general election.
In 2018, she stood in the Birmingham local elections, as the Conservative Party candidate for the Castle Vale Ward, and in the 2016 Birmingham local elections, as the Conservative candidate for the Sutton Vesey ward.
She was adopted as candidate for Stourbridge at the last minute, after Margot James announced that she would not be contesting the 2019 election, due to disagreements with the Stourbridge Conservative Party.
This followed Margot James having lost the Conservative whip in September and October 2019 and then regaining it, as a result of her voting on Brexit.
Italian Army Gorget patches ( or ) are worn by all army personnel on the collars of the shirts and jackets of their service uniforms and formal uniforms.
The gorget patches identify the arm (Infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineer, signals, transport and material), corps (Health, commissariat, engineers), or speciality within an arm or corps a soldier belongs to.
General wear golden stars instead of a gorget patches, while army recruits wear silver stars until they are assigned to a unit after basic training.
Originally made from colored cloth, respectively embroidered cloth for Granatieri, Carabinieri and general staff members, gorget patches are made since 1973 from enamelled metal.
Multi-arm units () combine personnel from different arms and corps of the army and are therefore grouped separately from other gorget patches.
Originally the gorget patches of units from other arms and corps assigned to the division were overlaid on the gorget patch of the two regiments of a brigade or division.
However as after World War II infantry regiments with different gorget patches made up the army's divisions this practice was abandoned.
Until 1 June 1999 the Carristi (Tankers) were a speciality of the infantry, which on that date was transferred to the cavalry.
The army's three special forces regiment's combine the infantry speciality gorget patch with two points and the paratroopers symbol, with the color of the speciality they descend from.
Green for the Alpini, Azure for the Paracadutisti, and black for the Arditi, a World War I infantry speciality disestablished in 1920.
In case one of the regiments listed below is reformed, then the corresponding gorget patch will be issued to regiment's personnel.
Before World War II the army formed binary divisions with sister regiments, which in some cases received the name of the division they were assigned to.
The Cavalry () is divided since 1 June 1999 in two specialities: line cavalry and tankers (= personnel of tank regiments).
Tankers, whose speciality was founded as part of the infantry, continue to wear a two-pointed gorget patch, which has traditionally been the patch for infantry specialties.
In case one of the regiments listed below is reformed, then the corresponding gorget patch will be issued to regiment's personnel.
The Sappers Speciality's gorget patch symbol is a black grenade from which a five-tongued red flame emerges, with a metalic gladius over flame and grenade.
The Army Commissariat Corps () was formed on 1 January 1998 by the merger of the Army Commissariat Corps and the Army Administration Corps.
Before the merger Commissariat Corps personnel wore violet gorget patches with one point, while Administration Corps personnel wore black gorget patches with one point and a sky blue edge.
The personnel of the Commissariat Corps tasked with the role of food supplies wore sky blue gorget patches with one point.
These three gorget patches were combined with the gorget patches of specialities of other arms and corps, resulting in dozens of variations.
In 2003 the Commissariat Corps introduced a rectangular blue gorget patch with a golden laurel wreath, which is not combined with any other patch.
The Army Health Corps () is the result of the merger of the Army Medical Corps and Army Veterinary Corps on 1 January 1998.
The corps' personnel wears two different types of gorget patches: amaranth with one point for medical personnel, and sky blue with one point for veterinary personnel.
The Army Corps of Engineers conducts technological research, tests and evaluates the army's acquisitions, and maintains and updates the army's geographic data.
All members of the Army Corps of Engineers are officers and wear rectangular black gorget patches with a colored border and a profile of the head of Minerva facing inward.
The Italian Army Special Voluntary Auxiliary Corps of the Association of the Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta ( - Corpo Militare EI-SMOM) is a volunteer corps providing medical support to the Italian Army.
The group consisted of Alliens, Mungo and Kriptor along with Mandrox, all of whom wore alien inspites masks and body suits, essentially pretending to be extra-terrestrial wrestlers, communicating mainly with clicking sounds.
Guapito and Scorpio Jr. unsuccessfully challenged Cuije and El Alebrije for the AAA Mascot Tag Team Championship on December 2, 2007.
In 2008 most of Los Guapos VIP (Scorpio Jr., Zumbido, and Guapito) left AAA to work on the independent circuit]], but Guapito returned to AAA shortly afterwards without any explanation.
As Elegido climbed out, El Brazo attacked Guapito, hoping to leave the diminutive Guapito in the cage to get his hair shaved off, instead Guapito was able to climb out, forcing El Brazo to be shaved bald.
On September 14, 2013, as part of International Wrestling League's third anniversary show Guapito, El Gallito and Feliz lost to Chamuel.
From 1817 to 1822, he studied in the Fine Arts Department at the University of Warsaw, where his instructors included Paweł Maliński and Antoni Brodowski.
His first orders for sculptures came from the Grand Theatre and the poet/statesman, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, who was an acquaintance of Thorvaldsen.
He won the competition, but never assumed his post, due to cutbacks related to the recent November Uprising, which nearly resulted in the University's closure.
I; first Annex) of the 1978 edition of the Deutsch catalogue lists 32 compositions which are spuriously or doubtfully attributed to Franz Schubert.
II; second Annex) of the 1978 edition of the Deutsch catalogue lists four arrangements by Franz Schubert, of compositions by other composers.
III; third Annex) of the 1978 edition of the Deutsch catalogue lists thirteen copies by Franz Schubert, of compositions by other composers.
Mitchell was a talented observer and drawer who made many discoveries with Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope, and it has been suggested that many of the discoveries claimed by Lord Rosse were actually made by Mitchell.
Struggling with injuries, in 2001 he signed for lowly Randaberg IL, but was again given the chance at Bryne in the summer of 2001.
He served as the head football coach at Haskell Institute—now known as Haskell Indian Nations University—in Lawrence, Kansas for one season, in 1910, and Muskingum College—now known as Muskingum University in New Concord, Ohio for one season, in 1911, compiling a career college football coaching record of 2–13.
Caldwell's first coaching job was as the head football coach at Haskell Institute—now known as Haskell Indian Nations University—in Lawrence, Kansas in 1910.
The 2020 Malaysia Premier League is the 17th season of the Malaysia Premier League, the second-tier professional football league in Malaysia since its establishment in 2004.
A total of 12 teams contested the league, including 7 sides from the 2019 season, 3 relegated from the 2019 Malaysia Super League and 2 promoted from the 2019 Malaysia M3 League.
Lee Oi Hin (; born 16 July 1999) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Pegasus.
Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environment Management Project, also known as KUDCEMP is in-charge of improving safe water supply systems and maintaining pipelines across Mangalore city and Coastal Karnataka.
The Hudson College of Public Health is one of the seven colleges of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center--the health sciences branch of the University of Oklahoma.
Established in 1967, it is the only college of public health accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health in the state of Oklahoma.
The Hudson College of Public Health was ranked number 6 in the Top 10 Colleges of Public Health nationwide by College Magazine.
The Hudson College of Public Health grants the professional degree of Master of Public Health (MPH) and the Master of Health Administration (MHA) and the graduate degree of Master of Science (MS) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
Allan Sears was an American film actor who played leading roles in the 1910s and 1920s before transitioning into character roles in the 1930s.
He started acting on camera around 1914, after getting his start on the stage in theater and as an opera singer.
He took some time away from Hollywood to recuperate from an illness in the early 1920s, returning a few years later to play character roles.
A forensic pathologist, contracted by Hidalgo County, concluded in her autopsy report, as obtained by Texas Monthly, that Carlos had died from flu, complicated by pneumonia and sepsis.
Carlos traveled from his village in Guatemala for the United States in early May 2019; he and others were detained by border agents soon after crossing the Rio Grande by rubber raft on .
On , The United States House Committee on the Judiciary sent a letter to Acting Secretary of DHS Kevin McAleean; the letter seeks answers into apparent missteps by CBP, including failure to transfer custody of a child to Health and Human Services within 72 hours of detainment ().
The 2019-20 RIT Tigers men's ice hockey season was the 56th season of play for the program, the 15th at the Division I level, and the 14th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
One of the dancers was her son Lionel Dulmanawy Garawirrtja who came up with their routine to honour his sister's carer, a Greek lady named Liliane.
Members have included Baker Boy, Baykali Ganambarr, Yalyalwuy Gondarra, Gadidjirrimiwuy Dhamarrandji, Bapadjambang Atu, Lionel Dulmanawy Garawirrtja, Mitchell Rang Garawirrtja, Wakara Gondarra, Marko Garmu, Wattjar Garmu and Tibian Cristopher Wyles.
The 2020 Indonesia President's Cup () will be the fourth edition of Indonesia President's Cup, held by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) as a pre-season tournament for the 2020 Liga 1.
Lui Kit Ming (; born 14 June 2000) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Pegasus.
In 1939/40, the corps carried out border surveillance at the German West Border and then took part in the Battle of France and the Balkan campaign.
From June 1941, it fought for three years on the Eastern Front, first in the south, then north and center to move south again after the Battle of Stalingrad.
James W. Thatcher (March 25, 1936 – December 7, 2019) was an American computer scientist, and the inventor of the first screen reader, a type of assistive technology that enables the use of a computer by people with visual impairments.
Among many other awards, Thatcher was awarded the first ACM SIG Access Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computing and Accessibility for his contributions to digital accessibility in 2008.
His thesis advisor, Dr. Jesse Wright, was blind, and together they joined the Mathematical Sciences Department of IBM Research, to work on practical computing and the development of an audio-based computer access system for the IBM Personal Computer.
This was renamed and released in 1984 as IBM Screen Reader, which became the proprietary eponym for that general class of assistive technology.
In 1996, Thatcher joined the IBM Accessibility Center in Austin, Texas, where he helped establish the internal IBM Accessibility Guidelines for software development.
Legends are associated with these deified heroes, some of which may be based on real, historical heroes of the Vrishni clan.
Their early worship has been variously described as cross-sectarian, much like the cult of the Yakshas, related to the early Bhagavata tradition of Hinduism, and with possible links to Jainism as well.
They and their legends – particularly of Krishna and Balarama – have been an important part of the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism.
Beyond texts, their importance in ancient India is attested by the ancient inscriptions found near Mathura and coins discovered in the ruins of Ai-Khanoum (Afghanistan), bearing images of the two main Vrishni heroes, with Greek and Brahmi legends.
The cult of the Vrishni heroes existed as an independent cult in Mathura, as suggested by the Mora Well Inscription, and was then amalgamated very progressively into Vaishnavism.
Epigraphical evidence suggests that their legends and worship swiftly expanded to other parts of India by the start of the common era.
The Vrishni heroes are generally identified as Samkarshana (Balarama-Samkarshana, son of Vasudeva by Rohini), Vāsudeva (Vāsudeva-Krishna, son of Vasudeva by Devaki), Pradyumna (son of Vasudeva by Rukmini), Samba (son of Vasudeva by Jambavati), and Aniruddha (son of Pradyumna).
The Vrishni heroes also have distinct individual qualities: Vāsudeva is also associated with gentleness and strength, Samkarsana with knowledge, Pradyumna with female power, and Aniruddha with ferociousness and sovereignty.
According to the Vayu Purana (97.1-2), the five Vrishni heroes were originally human, and their names were Samkarshana, Vāsudeva, Pradyumna, Samba, and Aniruddha.
The heroes would then have evolved into Vaishnavite deities through a step-by-step process: 1) deification of the Vrishni heroes 2) association with the God Narayana-Vishnu 3) incorporation into the Vyuha concept of successive emanations of the God.
Epigraphically, the deified status of Vāsudeva in particular is confirmed by his appearance on the coinage of Agathocles of Bactria (190-180 BCE) and by the devotional character of the Heliodorus pillar inscription (circa 110 BCE).
Also according to Gavin Flood – an Indologist and scholar of Hinduism, Vāsudeva may have originated in a real Vrishni hero or king, but the lineage is difficult to establish.
In early Hinduism, the five Vrishni heroes have been identified as Vāsudeva-Krishna, Samkarsana-Balarama, Pradyumna, Aniruddha and Samba as known from the Medieval Vayu Purana.
The Vrishni heroes appear on the coinage of Agathocles of Bactria, circa 190-180 BCE: Samkarshana, with Gada mace and plow, and Vāsudeva, with Shankha (a pear-shaped case or conch) and Chakra wheel.
On some of the Indian punch-marked coins, three individuals appear without attributes, possibly deities Saṃkarṣaṇa, Vāsudeva and Ekanamsha in the late 4th-2nd century BCE.
Based on analysis of 10th to 12th century Jaina texts, Luders proposed that Vrishnis may have roots in Jainism, noting the co-existence of the Jain and Vrishni-related archaeological findings in Mathura, and the strength of Jainism at that time in Mathura.
He names the Vrishni heroes as Baladeva, Akrura, Anadhrsti, Sarana and Viduratha – all Jain heroes and with Akrura as the commander.
Several pillar capitals with symbolic statuary associated to the Vhrishni heroes have been found in Besnagar around the site of the Heliodorus pillar, dated to about 115 BCE.
The Heliodorus pillar inscription explains that the pillar erected to honour Vāsudeva is a Garuda-vajra, although the Garuda statue has not been found.
According to Susan L. Huntington, the Garuda capital on the Heliodorus pillar was probably similar to on one of the nearly contemporary reliefs at Bharhut.
In Bharhut, a man riding a horse is seen holding a portable pillar-standard, crowned by a bird-man creature similar to a Kinnara.
Other sculptures and pillar capitals were found near the Heliodorus pillar, and it is thought they were dedicated to Vāsudeva's kinsmen, otherwise known as the Vrishni heroes and objects of the Bhagavata cult.
In effect, the findings surrounding the Heliodorus pillar suggest the cult of a trio of the Vrishni heroes in this time and area, composed of the three deities Vāsudesa, Saṃkarṣaṇa and Pradyumna.
Excavations suggests that these various pillars with their symbolic capitals were standing in line at the site, and that the Heliodorus pillar was just one of them, standing at the end of the line.
Although the pillars are aniconic, it is probable that now lost sculptures representing the deities, broadly similar to the depictions on Vāsudeva and Samkarshana on the coins of Agathocles of Bactria (190-180 BCE), were located in adjoining shrines.
The 1963–65 excavations at the site suggest that the site had an elliptical shrine – possibly dating to the 4th to 3rd-century BCE – with a brick foundation and likely a wooden superstructure.
New soil was then added and the ground level raised to build a new second temple to Vāsudeva, with a wooden pillar (Garuda dhvaja) in front of the east-facing elliptical shrine.
In late 2nd-century BCE, after some ground preparation, yet another Vāsudeva temple was rebuilt, this time with eight stone pillars aligned in the north-south cardinal axis.
Saṃkarṣaṇa-Balarama, the Vrishni elder and the leading divinity until the rise to precedence of Vasudeva-Krishna, is known to appear on the coinage of the Indo-Scythian rulers Maues and Azes I during the 1st century BCE.
The two major Vrishni heroes Saṃkarṣaṇa and Vāsudeva, still in their proper seniority order, are again mentioned in the Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions, dated to the 1st century BCE.
For the first time they seem to be associated to a higher divinity, as the inscription mention that their cult is made on a precinct of Narayana.
They share some sculptural characteristics with the Yaksha statues found in Mathura, such as the sculpting in the round, or the clothing style.
Sonya Rhie Quintanilla also supports an attribution of the torso to the five Vrishnis, and dates them to around the time of Sodasa (circa 15 CE), which is confirmed on artistic grounds.
The inscription is dated to the early decades of 1st century CE during the reign of Sodasa, probably circa 15 CE.
A decorated doorjamb, also probably belonging to a Temple, on which is inscribed the Vasu Doorjamb Inscription, is dedicated to deity Vāsudeva, and mentions the rule of the Northern Satrap Sodasa, and has similar carving to the Mora doorjamb.
They are all dated to the reign of Sodasa, circa 15 CE and constitute a secure dated artistic reference for the evaluation of datation of other Mathura sculptures.
It has been suggested that the grapevine design had been in the northwest, and maybe associated with the northern taste of the Satrap rulers.
This pilar capital uses five symbols on both sides: a lion, a palm leaf, a makara, an adorned woman, and Yaksha in central position, with a probable top symbol missing.
The lion at the base of the pillar capital is related to the Satvatas tribe of the Vrishnis, as well as to Narasimha and Samkarsana.
The central figure uses the iconography of a Yaksha, pointing to the association of Vrishni iconography with Yasha iconography, as seen in the found with the Mora Well Inscription.
A few triads are known from Mathura, dated to the 1st-2nd century CE, showing Vāsudeva and Saṃkarṣaṇa with their attributes, together with a female standing in the middle, thought to be Ekanamsha.
In these triads, the kinship of the warrior heroes is still emphasized, with the depiction focusing on the elder brother, the younger brother and the sister, with a prominence still given to the elder brother Samkarsana.
The back of the relief is carved with the branches of a Kadamba tree, symbolically showing the relationship being the different deities.
Vāsudeva is fittingly in the center with ornate crown and flower necklace, making the Abhaya Mudra and holding his decorated heavy mace on the side, his elder brother Balarama to his right under a serpent hood, his son Pradyumna to his left (lost), and his grandson Aniruddha on top.
Cult images of Vāsudeva continued to be produced until the 4th century CE, the worship of this Mathuran deity being much more important than that of Vishnu during that period.
Only with the Gupta period, did statues focusing on the worship of Vishnu himself start to appear, using the same iconography as the statues of Vāsudeva, but with the addition of an aureole starting at the shoulders.
From the 4th century CE, independent devotional statues of Vāsudeva-Krishna become very rare, and are replaced by statues of Vishnu with the addition of an aureole.
A relief from Kondamotu, Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh, dates to the 4th century CE, and shows the Vrishni heroes standing in genealogical order around Narasimha.
Then follow Pradyumna, holding a bow and an arrow, Samba, holding a wine goblet, and Aniruddha, holding a sword and a shield.
The Vrishni heroes for the most part became avatars of Vishnu, and where incorporated in the Vaishnavite system from the 4th century CE.
WMJX's broadcast license was revoked by the Federal Communications Commission due to the use of fake news stories to promote a 1975 contest and an error in which advertisers were billed for commercials that did not air.
The station was owned by the Fort Industry Company—later and better known as Storer Broadcasting—and served as the companion and simulcast partner to 710 AM WGBS.
Deviations from its AM simulcast were few: in 1953, WGBS allowed the University of Miami to broadcast its special events over the FM transmitter.
WGBS-FM proved more useful during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when night airtime on WGBS and two other high-power Miami AM stations was used for Voice of America broadcasts to Cuba; the station continued local service on FM during the three weeks that airtime was requisitioned.
In the first such sale, Bartell Broadcasting acquired WJHR and WDEE-FM in Detroit in a $1,225,000 deal made public in April.
WMYQ was the first major FM Top 40 outlet in South Florida, an aggressive, promotionally minded outlet that gave away some $50,000 a year in its contests.
The station hired Roby Yonge away from competitor WLQY (soon to become WHYI-FM) in 1973 to do mornings and fired him the next year amidst a major staff shakeup.
Generally, the station was considered a revolving door of talent and management; other notable people to work for WMYQ included Lee Abrams, Jerry Clifton, Kris Erik Stevens, and Jack McCoy.
The centerpiece of the allegations was an April 1975 vacation contest by morning personality Greg Austin, who created reports from the Devil's Triangle that were integrated into the station's newscasts.
Another area of concern was inconsistent billing practices, which general manager Carl Como pinned on the transition to a computerized billing system, during which time the station did not broadcast commercials on Sundays but some new invoices went out billing advertisers for them.
By the start of 1977, it had closed the gap with WHYI to less than a rating point and climbed to a tie for fourth place in the overall market.
However, the challenge forced Bartell, now fully owned by Downe Communications, to scrap a sale of its WADO New York when the FCC conditioned action on the license transfer on the WMJX hearing.
Administrative law judge Thomas B. Fitzpatrick issued his initial decision in January 1978 and ruled that Bartell Broadcasting of Florida should not have WMJX's license renewed; in addition to the issues raised in the hearing, he noted the 1974 censure over the Magnum One contest.
Bartell attempted to take advantage of the FCC's then-new distress sale policy and sell WMJX to Wave Communications, a Black-owned firm, for $1 million, though the FCC denied the request in July 1979 because the initial decision was adverse to Bartell.
Charter had, in its attempts to appease the FCC, removed local management and some personnel at its corporate office; it had also increased WMJX's charitable involvement.
However, the station struggled to overcome such revelations as the discovery by new management that the station had attempted to improve its ratings by giving away stereo equipment to a family that had four Arbitron diaries; the station dismissed the employee responsible.
In the ensuing saga, WMJX DJ Russ Oasis was fired after he called WHYI to see if they were still broadcasting it, then played the telephone call on the station, violating FCC rules.
However, station management indicated it had plans to continue the appeal, saying that Charter should not be held responsible for Bartell's indiscretions; the FCC countered by noting the two were now under common ownership.
Even before WMJX had left the air, applications came to the Federal Communications Commission for the frequency it would vacate, with the initial field yielding more than 60 interested parties.
In 1982, the FCC designated seven applications for hearing: South Florida Broadcasting Company, Radiocentro Broadcasting Company, First Black Broadcasters of Miami, Constance J. Wodlinger, Onyx Broadcasting of Miami, Rana Broadcasting Company, and Southwest Radio Enterprises.
The new station would receive as its final assignment 96.5 MHz, instead of 96.3, as WMJX would have been relocated there anyway in a 1980 reallocation of various FM station frequencies in Florida.
In the case of Radiocentro and Southwest Radio, proposals to use WMJX's former antenna, diplexed with WAIA on the tower of WPBT, came into doubt when WAIA indicated it no longer had the capacity to diplex another station on its antenna and would not diplex a new station—a blow to Radiocentro.
The initial decision, issued on May 16, 1984, gave the nod to South Florida Broadcasting, owned by former state representative Elaine Bloom, which proposed an ethnic radio station.
The FCC dismissed the Rana bid because Liberty City, as a neighborhood of Miami, was not sufficient to be a community of license; Onyx, which was 30 percent owned and managed by WPLG-TV anchor Dwight Lauderdale, could not prove its financial qualifications adequately; and First Black had attempted to block other applicants from using the candelabra.
However, on appeal, the FCC Review Board remanded the case to the administrative law judge in December 1984, over the antenna site issues of various applicants.
With the case droning on, Wodlinger emerged from the crowd: in 1985, she moved to buy out all of the competing applicants and win the frequency.
The $2.95 million investment Wodlinger made paid off when Beasley Broadcast Group acquired the new station in September for $10.6 million, entering the Miami market.
John Lade (c. 1731 – 1759), of Warbleton, Sussex, was a Member of Parliament for Camelford 1754 – 21 April 1759.
Tadeusz Brodowski (2 September 1821, Warsaw - 31 March 1848, Paris) was a Polish painter; primarily known for scenes with horses.
His father was the well-known Classical painter, Antoni Brodowski, and he was the older brother of Józef Brodowski, a prominent painter of battle scenes.
Two years later, after mounting an exhibition in Warsaw, he moved to Paris, where he perfected his techniques with the battle painter, Horace Vernet.
He died, aged only twenty-six, of unspecified causes; although his death came shortly after the beginning of the French Revolution of 1848.
He has been Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy since December 2019, and formerly served as its Deputy Chief of Staff.
He attained the rank of rear admiral (shaojiang) in December 2014, and was promoted to the rank of vice admiral (zhongjiang) in December 2019.
He was Deputy Chief of Staff of East Sea Fleet and Deputy Commander of Zhoushan Coastal Defence Region before serving as Chief of Staff of South Sea Fleet in January 2016.
In April 2018 he was promoted to become Deputy Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), a position he held until December 2019, when he was appointed Deputy Commander there.
Her dissertation research involved the classification of Heegaard splittings of three-dimensional manifolds into handlebodies, which she also published in the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society.
Other topics in her research include the behavior of knot invariants like bridge number when knots are combined by the connected sum operation, and the Kakimizu complexes of knot complements and other spaces.
On 19 October 2019, it played its first international game ever, that ended with a wide 8–2 against West Papua in The Hague.
On 14 December 2019, East Turkestan played a qualification match for the 2020 CONIFA World Cup against Tamil Eelam in Cergy, France, that ended with a 0–5 loss.
132 singers were present at the first rehearsal in 1863; at the thousandth concert in 1924 there were about 400 singers.
It is situated on the southwestern border of Valhalla Provincial Park, west of Gladsheim Peak, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake.
The mountain's name commemorates Michael Gregory, a resident of the Slocan area known to his friends as Gregorio, who drowned in a canoeing accident on Slocan Lake in 1971 returning from a climb of nearby Devils Couch.
This peak's name was submitted by Anthony Eweson of New Denver for consideration, and it was officially adopted March 4, 1974, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Having started her career with the Malayalam channel Radio Mango, she now works in the Thrissur branch of the network and hosts the channel's daytime programming.
George Insole (baptised 5 December 1790 – 1 January 1851) was an English entrepreneur who built an extensive coal mining and shipping business in South Wales.
A younger son of an English tenant farmer in Worcestershire, Insole made judicious use of significant financial assistance from his wider family to move to Cardiff, Wales, in 1828, to enter into partnership there as a brick, timber and coal merchant (1829–1830), and to become an independent coal producer and shipper in 1832.
Insole is claimed to have been the first to supply the London market (1830), the international market (Malta, 1831), and the Royal Navy (1831) with South Wales steam coal.
Insole was baptised in Worcester, Worcestershire, on 5 December 1790, the fifth of six children of William Insole and Phoebe Insole (née Stinton).
The two older children were baptised at St Helen's Church, Worcester, but from 1823 to 1827 Insole was associated with the Angel Street Independent (Congregational) Meeting House in Worcester.
Insole moved to Cardiff, Wales, in 1828 and by late 1829 was in partnership with Richard Biddle as Insole & Biddle, brick, timber and coal merchants.
The Insole & Biddle day book for 1830 records a shipment of 414 tons of Waun Wyllt steam coal to London.
The shipment did not make a profit but the quality of the coal eventually made it very popular for both household and Royal Navy use.
However, Insole was able to recover his financial position within just a few months and was also left a substantial inheritance that same year.
Situating his offices in Cardiff at the mouth of the Glamorganshire Canal he continued as agent for Waun Wyllt coal and contracts were written to supply London-based coal merchants.
While their assertions were not universally accepted, the Insoles claimed to have been the first to supply the London market (in 1830), the international market (Malta, in 1831), and the Royal Navy (in 1831) with South Wales steam coal.
He was then one of the first to open offices at the Cardiff Docks when the Bute West Dock was opened in 1839.
When his son James Harvey Insole came of age in 1842, Insole took him into partnership as George Insole & Son.
In 1844, as the Maesmawr seam was becoming depleted, they leased and revived collieries at Cymmer and in 1848 opened 36 coking ovens to supply the Taff Vale Railway Company, of which Insole was a principal promoter.
Up to 1847 the Insoles mainly supplied the coastal markets of the Bristol Channel (Bristol, Gloucester), the Cornish ports (St. Ives, Penzance, Fowey), and the Irish markets (Limerick, Dublin, Youghal, Waterford, Cork) with steam coal.
Insole continued to develop his international trade and afterwards supplied markets in France, the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and South America and became the largest shipper of coal at Cardiff.
In Cardiff, Insole was associated with St John's Church in 1830 (where his daughter was baptised) and afterwards with the independent meetings at the Bethany Baptist Chapel (where his infant son was buried in 1837) and the New Trinity Congregational Chapel (making significant contributions to its rebuilding in 1846).
Insole was involved in the introduction of British Schools in Cardiff and served as a town councillor for the South Ward of Cardiff.
Insole died on 1 January 1851, aged 60, at his residence in Crockherbtown, Cardiff, and was buried at St Margaret’s Church, Roath on 7 January 1851.
The high regard in which he was held is indicated in the two prize-winning elegies on Insole presented at the 1851 Cymmer Eisteddfod.
Insole can be credited with much of the early success of South Wales steam coal in the London and international markets.
The following accounts present Insole as a pioneering entrepreneur of South Wales steam coal, although each is unreliable in various details, especially regarding his origins and early years as a merchant in Cardiff.
They also overlook Biddle's earlier, independent sourcing of Waun Wyllt steam coal and its introduction by him to the Cardiff market prior to the Insole & Biddle partnership.
Copies of his manuscripts and papers are deposited at the Wisbech & Fenland Museum and at other museums, Wisbech Library holds copies of his books in the reference library.
Since his books were written more pubs have closed and a few opened, the Wisbech Canal filled in, the ownership and operators of the Port of Wisbech changed, bridges demolished and new ones built, flood defences built and later improved and the last remaining Wisbech milltower turned into a residence.
He was Political Commissar of the People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps in March 2017, and held that office until December 2018, when he was transferred to the People's Liberation Army Air Force and appointed Political Commissar of the Eastern Theater Command Air Force.
He could be the biological son of a Valerius who was adopted by Titus Quinctius Crispinus Sulpicianus, one of the alleged lovers of Julia the Elder; or the son of a Quinctius Crispinus and a Valeria; or even the brother of Crispinus Sulpicianus.
We know that he was a member of the Arval Brethren, for inscriptions confirm his presence at their ceremonies from AD 14 through 27.
The tournament started as the 1996 World Championship, but due to delays in the scheduling of the later rounds, it became the 1997 Championship.
Allison Fisher who had won the title seven times, most recently in 1994, did not enter as she has moved to the United States where she had embarked on a successful pool career.
The original schedule was for the quarter-finals onwards to be held in India, as they had been in 1994 and 1995, from 16 to 19 September 1996, but eventually the final rounds took place in Llanelli, with the semi-finals and final not happening until well into 1997.
This was the last women's world snooker championship to be held before the World Ladies Billiards and Snooker Association amalgamated with the WPBSA later in 1997.
The first four rounds took place at Raunds Cue Sports Club, Northamptonshire, to decide the eight players that would go on to contest the quarter-finals onwards, which were expected to be played in Bombay in mid-September 1996.
Defending champion Karen Corr won her first match without losing a but won only on the final black in the deciding frame of her match against Lynette Horsburgh.
A plate competition was held for players who did not qualify to the quarter finals and was won by Horsburgh, who made a break of 100 in the first round of the plate competition.
Following postponements of the final stages and a lack of response from promoter Barry Hearn's partner in India, it was decided to hold the quarter-finals at the Terry Griffiths Matchroom, Llanelli, and they took place in November 1996.
The semi-finals and final were eventually scheduled to be held in Llanelli in mid-1997, following a continued lack of communication from Hearn's partner in India.
The final between Corr and Fisher was closely contested until 3–3 but then Corr won three frames in a row to take her third world title.
The tournament finished some eleven months after the start of the qualifying matches, and was the end of promoter Hearn's relationship with women's snooker that stretched back to 1990.
This was the last world championship to be held before the amalgamation of the World Ladies Billiards and Snooker Association with the WPBSA a few months later.
The intention was that major finals for women should be played at the same venues as the men's events, for example the womens' world championship final being held at the Crucible Theatre during the World Snooker Championship.
Stanton did not stay long in the infantry, becoming an Additional Paymaster in the Volunteer Army in October the same year.
In the regular army, Stanton served as Major, Paymaster from 1867 to 1890, when he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, Deputy Paymaster General.
He received a brevet promotion for gallantry at the Battle of Powder River, and later commanded the citizens who joined Crook, but did not thereafter serve at the frontier.
Brigadier General Francis Takirwa, is a Ugandan military officer who, effective December 2019, is the commanding officer of the Second Division of the Uganda People's Defence Forces, based in the city of Mbarara in the Western Region of Uganda.
He has served in different leadership roles in the military, including a tour in Somalia, as part of the UPDF contingent to AMISOM, from 2011 until 2012.
As commander of the 2nd UPDF Division, he replaced Brigadier Kayanja Muhanga who proceeded for further studies at the South African National Defence College.
The Legislative Assembly had seven directly-elected members; three representing Tongatapu and nearby islands, two representing Haʻapai and two representing Vavaʻu and nearby islands.. A further seven members were elected by the nobility based on the same constituencies, seven ministers (including the governors of Haʻapai and Vavaʻu) and a Speaker chosen by the monarch, Sālote Tupou III.
The People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union was the highest military department of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.
In the 1920–1930s, the highest military authority of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic/Soviet Union was called the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs.
On June 20, 1934, the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs of the Soviet Union was transformed into the All-Union People's Commissariat for Defense of the Soviet Union.
On February 1, 1944, in connection with the adoption of the Law of the Soviet Union on the creation of military formations of the Union republics, the People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union was transformed from the All–Union People's Commissariat into the Union–Republican.
On February 25, 1946, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union, the People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union merged with the People's Commissariat of the Navy of the Soviet Union into a single Union–Republican People's Commissariat of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union.
Under this name, the central authority was designated in documents for less than a month, since in accordance with the Law of the Soviet Union of March 15, 1946 on the transformation of the Councils of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union and Union Republics into Councils of Ministers, it was renamed the Ministry of Armed Forces of the Soviet Union.
The printing organ of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs in the part of the General Staff was the Military Affairs magazine.
The central organ of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union to educate the commanding and rank-and-file staff of the Red Army, to promote combat training tasks and to develop advanced military thought was the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper.
While seeking work to pay for the repairs in a local cantina, he meets Toro Calican (Jake Cannavale), a young bounty hunter looking to join the guild by capturing Fennec Shand (Ming-Na Wen), a well-trained mercenary.
Peli, meanwhile, has come across the Child and begins to take care of it while working on the ship, growing slightly attached to it.
They eventually come across a Dewback with a dead-bounty hunter attached to it, which turns out to be bait laid out by Shand to attract anyone looking for her.
The two manage to avoid her attacks and take her into custody but she manages to destroy one of their speeder bikes in the fight.
She tells him that the Mandalorian is a traitor to the guild and that the bounty on the Mandalorian and the Child are worth a great deal more than her bounty.
However, Calican shoots her, assuming that she would betray him, and heads to the repair facility on the speeder bike, where he captures Motto and the Child.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 73% with an average rating of 6.5/10, based on 26 reviews.
Henri Jean Charles Eugène Denis (1877–1957) was a lieutenant general in the Belgian Army who served as Minister of National Defence at the beginning of the Second World War.
He was promoted to lieutenant in 1906, adjutant to the General Staff in 1907, junior captain in 1912, full captain in May 1914.
On 22 October 1914 he was removed from active duty after an accident and attached to the Ministry of War in the Belgian government in exile at Le Havre.
In February 1917 he was appointed commissioner of the military railways, becoming a logistics specialist, and he was promoted to major on 26 September the same year.
Denis was appointed Minister of National Defence in the government that took office under Paul-Emile Janson on 23 November 1937, and retained the position in the administrations headed by Paul-Henri Spaak and Hubert Pierlot in the run-up to the Second World War.
He was among the four members of the government who met with King Leopold III at Wijnendale Castle on 25 May 1940 and failed to convince the monarch to follow the government into exile in France.
He himself, aged 68, resigned from the Belgian government in exile when it relocated to London in October 1940, opting to remain in retirement in Vichy France.
Carmen C. Bambach is a curator of Italian and Spanish drawings at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art who specializes in Italian Renaissance art.
The same year, she was the first recipient of the Vilcek Prize for Excellence, recognizing work that reflects immigration's impact on American society.
The December 5, 2019, Miramar shootout was the pursuit of jewelry store robbers in Miramar, Florida, United States, which culminated in a shootout killing the perpetrators, the kidnapped driver of a UPS van (which they had carjacked), and a bystander.
The president of Miami-Dade's police union claimed that at least eleven officers opened fire on the UPS truck in response to the robbers' firing first.
At approximately 4:14 p.m., Lamar Alexander and Ronnie Jerome Hill robbed the jewelry store, Regent Jeweler at Miracle Mile in Coral Gables, Florida.
The two suspects exchanged gunfire with the store owner during the robbery, injuring one jewelry shop worker and hitting nearby Coral Gables City Hall with a stray bullet, causing that building to be placed on lock down.
Several police cars pursued the suspects until the UPS truck became boxed in by slow-moving rush hour traffic in Miramar, about north of the jewelry store.
The sister of the deceased UPS driver who was killed, while a hostage during the shootout, used Twitter to express her anger about how the police handled the situation.
She was angered that the police responded quickly with gunfire, and did not attempt to negotiate the hostage situation, which she believed caused her brother's death.
Annie’s List is a Texas-based political action committee dedicated to recruiting, training, and supporting progressive women running for state and county office.
Since its founding in 2003, Annie’s List has helped more than 130 progressive Texas women win races and raised more than $15 million to support endorsed candidates’ campaigns.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Annie’s List had an 84% win rate and 31 of the 37 candidates Annie’s List endorsed in 2018 won their election.
Of the more than 80 Democratic women who ran for the legislature in the 2018 Texas primaries, the organization trained or supported more than 60% of them.
The Patria PML 127 OWS (overhead weapon system) is a Finnish-developed remote weapon station (RWS) which mounts a 12.7 mm NSV machine gun and smoke canister dischargers.
The 2019–20 College of Charleston Cougars men's basketball team represents the College of Charleston during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Cougars, led by fifth-year head coach Earl Grant, play their home games at the TD Arena in Charleston, South Carolina as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
His parents, Rein (born in Algiers) and Morris (born in Morocco) both arrived in Marseilles, France as children and immigrated to Israel in the early 1970s.
In the bed next to him was a boy who played an electronic keyboard which Tal used to play in his spare time.
As a child he used to deliver newspapers in the town where he grew up and would earn several hundred shekels each month with which he bought musical instruments.
In October 2018, Tal performed for the first time at the Tel Aviv Culture Center while hosting Benaia Barabi and Hanan Ben Ari.
Tal was married to Shoshana who produced his latest albums but in February of 2018 it was reported tat the two split up.
A water audit, similar to an energy audit, is the method of quantifying all the flows of water in a system to understand its usage, reduce losses and improve water conservation.
It can be performed on a large scale for a city or a state as well on a smaller scale for irrigation projects, industries, and buildings.
The audit can begin with an extensive approach to generate the water balance using available data and estimates which helps in identifying specific areas to concentrate in further stages.
Since then many states and regional water regulatory agencies have attempted to measure water loss based upon the calculations carried out in the report but with little success.
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 was also a driving force leading to the development of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which created awareness about water conservation and efficiency.
Water loss is a critical global problem and according to the World Bank, around 45 million m of water is lost every day which accounts to over US$3 billion every year.Asia alone loses half of its distribution water due to leakages in pipes.
This huge amount of water loss adds strain to governments and utilities in their funding and deprives clean water to a major population which endures water scarcity.
It can save money, time and effort that goes into treatment of water up to consumable standards, installation and distribution of systems.
The basic methodology of any water audit involves evaluating the source, calculating the consumption, identifying the losses and measuring the performance indicators.
American Water Works Association and International Water Association have established manuals that details the steps involved in conducting a water audit and they are considered to be the gold standard in water industry.
Apart from these manuals, many local and state government bodies also have their guidelines for audits according to their geographical requirements.
American Water Works Association is a century old international nonprofit, scientific and educational association established in 1881 to improve water quality and supply.
The manual provides detailed instructions on the audit process, which occurs at three levels a) top-down approach, b) component analysis, and c) bottom-up approach.
For top-down approach, all water flow data are collected in order to calculate the water balance between input volume and the sum of consumption and losses.
It is important to clearly identify system boundaries prior to the audit, defined by metering points at both input and output of a water system.
Water balance calculation usually provides a guide as to how much water is lost as a result of customer meter inaccuracy, systematic data handling error and unauthorized consumption, as well as leakage.
Instructions are also provided for water sources that are unmetered or have meters that are not calibrated or maintained for a long time.
The numbers and data attained from available sources has to be adjusted at different levels due to various reasons including meter inaccuracies, changes in storage level and additional sources in distribution.
In top-down approach, distribution water that is not accounted under billed authorized consumption are called as Non-revenue water as they do not bring revenue to utility or government or distribution company.
The losses in a water system can be a) apparent, due to inaccuracy in measurement of water that is successfully delivered, and b) real, due to leakage in system.
The advantage of top-down approach is that it can be assembled relatively quickly and give a reasonable sense of utility’s accountability status and the nature and extent of its losses.
Performance indicators established in manual provide the auditors an insight to the loss standing in a particular functional area both at a broad and detailed levels.
Apparent losses can be identified by analyzing billing systems to identify discrepancies, by performing meter calibration and accuracy test on random samples, and by assessing a sample of places for unauthorized consumption potential.
Real losses are predominantly due to leakages which can be identified by various techniques and methods detailed in manual using bottom-up approach.
The audit is usually the first step towards water conservation and the manual emphasizes on importance to act on the outcomes of audit and sustain the water loss control program.
The manual consists of performance indicators (PI) of water supply management along with indicators for human resources, infrastructure, operations, quality of service and economics.
The indicators facilitate assessments and analysis of progress by contributing to the quantification of performance of a system over a period of time from a specific point of view.
The manual provides guidelines to prioritize the indicators on four levels based on size of the system, available resources and level of details required.
The indicators to monitor performance of water resources are a) Water Resource Inefficiency (%) b) Water Resource availability (%) c) Availability of own water resources (%) and d) water reused in supply (%).
The audit methods of this manual follow the practices endorsed by American Water Works Association in its manual for water audit (M36).
The assessment table in the manual using a 1-5 scale helps in developing a score of certainty for each data component used in the audit, with 1 being low degree of certainty and 5 being the highest.
A validation score of less than 40 is considered to be preliminary and utility companies are required to improve the accuracy of data collected.
The goal of audit is to achieve a high validation score using practices listed out in both top-down and bottom-up approaches that reflects high level of confidence in the water audit results.
1420) in 2014 which requires water suppliers to submit an audit once in every five years as part of urban water management plans.
The guide provides step-by-step methodology of conducting an audit for identifying opportunities to improve water conservations in facilities such as office buildings, hospitals, hotels and motels, schools, restaurants, laundries, and car washes.
Benchmarks are provided for annual water use in each of these facilities to provide a quick initial assessment of water use to the users.
The audit categories are divided into Basic and Advanced, to be choses depending upon the level of experience and expertise available in conducting the audits.
The basic audit category specifies background and description, audit steps, worksheets, and post-audit guidance for different equipment and aspects inside a facility such as meters and submeters, leak detection, utility bills, kitchen water use, cooling towers, irrigation systems and rain sensors.
The advanced audit procedures provide an in-depth understanding of some of the areas covered in basic audits which guides the users in identifying future water use, expenses and savings, and payback period of savings after implementing the improvements.
To further improve the efficiency of water audits, guidelines are provided to a) prepare water balance of the facility, accounting for all water use from its source to all of the applications, b) create historical water use profile using bills that can point out fluctuations in water use, c) identify alternative water sources on-site for eg., rainwater harvesting, boiler condensate and treated gray water/ waste water.
It provides brief steps to conduct a water audit, in accordance to AWWA’s M36 manual, for irrigation, domestic and industrial sectors.
As part of the audit, bulk metering systems can be devised zone-wise or consumer-wise in a system to facilitate detection of water waste.
The clear-cut objectives of water audit applicable to irrigation systems include scope of distribution network, deliverables such as yield available and water efficiency, delivery locations/command areas and types of losses.
The objective of water auditing in irrigation is to complement benchmark data in order to generate new measures and enhance performance.
Also, besides data validation, visual observations/remarks of the ground should be recorded to eliminate inconsistency during estimation of water use efficiency.
A water audit, combined with superior irrigation practices, will substantially improve or maximize benefits of irrigation systems and thereby sustain its efficiency and conserve water use.
The audits along with addition of soil surfactants can improve Distribution Uniformity (DU) and result in ameliorating the soil water repellency (SWR) of an outdoor field.
The irrigation audit helps to achieve a perfect irrigation system which sufficiently waters the entire field, maintains turf quality and also achieves optimum efficiency.
The use of surfactants reduces surface tension at the soil-air interface and creates hydrophilic particles in order to improve water infiltration and reduce water runoff by 20%.
The number of audits on projects have steadily increased over the years from 1200 up to 2500 as of 2017 and a water audit report is published at the end of each year.
The state has followed the guidelines provided by the ministry of water resources, India for conducting water audits on irrigation projects.
These audits conducted on irrigation systems were able to fetch out valuable information such as water availability, water use at state level, region wise water losses, details of areas planned and actually irrigated, unutilized water from storage, percentage of evaporation, and conveyance efficiency of canals.
The results show that, in 2017, 10% of water from live storage were unutilized and about 275 m of water was lost due to leakage in minor irrigation projects in Maharashtra.
Therefore, water audit is one of the necessary requirements to minimize its overuse and operate industries with optimum level of water consumption.
Water audit is perhaps a more effective tool to achieve water conservation and outweighs the traditionally chosen mathematical approaches like water pinch analysis.
It is defined as the threshold above which water audit is required in a pre-defined boundary system to alter the current water management practices.
A water audit study was conducted in a well-renowned petroleum refinery in south of Perth, Western Australia in 2003, successfully reducing daily water consumption from 7 Mega Liters to 4 Mega Liters in a very short time frame of 7 years.
The primary level audit was aimed at calculating the overall water inputs and effluent discharges with closure set at 10% and the secondary level audit was aimed at defining water usage across three main functional areas i.e.
Three types of water that were monitored by the refinery data management, field studies and desktop studies were scheme water, bore water and cogeneration steam.
Based on initial calculations, the non-revenue water losses were approximately 36%, thus, a closure was not obtained, and intensive audit was necessary.
To overcome these losses, it was reported that site received roughly 48% of rainfall which can be utilized as an additional source of water.
This proved to be a cost-effective and feasible quick fix due to the presence of aquifers which can be used as rainwater storage sites.
Similarly, the secondary audit resulted in an unmet closure because of huge losses around the refinery cracking unit, increased steam consumption and faulty sensors activating car wash. Water audit proves to be a useful exercise to maximize water conservation even in a successfully operating refinery plant.
Another example of industrial audit would be the water audit was conducted on a sodium cyanide plant located in south-west Western Australia in July 2013.
As per the methodology, five flow diagrams were prepared for primary, process, utility, miscellaneous water flows, and flows to the onsite water treatment wetland.
The auditors conducted investigations on which water inputs were directed to ‘process’, ‘utility’, and ‘miscellaneous’ flows, enabling them to infer the quality of water entering each unit on site without requiring water quality testing.
The results of primary audit indicated a difference or imbalance between inputs and outputs of 0.7% which is considered to be very less and thus demonstrating that when flows are not metered, estimates can still be made on the basis of proxy data and known scientific relationships.
This audit on an industrial process used straightforward methods to identify water imbalance and techniques to conserve water by up to 40%.
Buildings water audits are an essential tool for owners and facility managers to increase water use efficiency and thereby reducing operating costs and increasing building occupants’ comfort.
A water audit was conducted from 2013-2018 by the City Energy Project, a joint initiative between the Institute of Market Transformation and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), for buildings chosen across 20 cities in the United States.
The audits were conducted in accordance to local water audit guidelines (if available) and the guidelines for irrigation audits by EPA.
The audits were conducted on three levels ranging from brief on-site surveys to identification of energy conservation measures to rigorous engineering analysis.
A comprehensive report of a building water audit may contain information such as total annual water use, water use balance, proposed conservation measures, cost-benefit analysis, estimated cost and simple payback, and worksheets containing collected data.
Potential savings from a water audit in buildings range from 20-65% for toilets, 50-100% for urinals, 20-30% for shower heads and 15-50% for dishwashers.
The cost of conducting a water audit is usually a low amount when compared to financial savings gained from implementing the corrective measures identified in an audit.
The cost benefits from conducting a water audit is expected to be usually high for older systems and potentially in cold regions where distribution systems are stressed out due to severe weather conditions.
A water audit conducted by the state of Tennessee in January 1988 across 278 utility companies saved $24.4 million per year at an expense of $2.7 million.
The corrective measures taken by the State of Philadelphia from 2000-2011 after a water audit, saved $23 million by reducing the real and apparent losses.
Water audits conducted by small utilities in the States of Virginia, California and Nova Scotia have resulted in savings ranging from $300,000 to $500,000 annually.
Black & Veatch conducted a water audit for Miami Dade county’s Water and Sewer Department in 2016 and the audit findings show that annual financial losses of $21,682,334 occurred due to system infrastructure and billing inefficiencies.
The South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ) is an affiliate of the World Union for Progressive Judaism and supports 11 progressive congregations.
The SAUJP estimates that it represents around 6,000 South African Jews and around 10 per cent of the overall Jewish population residing in South Africa.
Jocelyn Hellig, professor of religious studies and one of the best-known interpreters of South African Judaism, wrote about the community in a seminal paper on Jewish practice published in 1987.
This was also given as an explanation for the relatively modest presence of Masorti Judaism in the country (Hellig 1987; Shain 2011).
The paper also observed that for practical purposes, progressive Jews prefer to go through Orthodox channels to seek and attain divorce (Hellig 1987).
The community has traditionally been pro-Zionist and inspired by the founding Rabbi of Progressive Judaism in South Africa, Rabbi Moses Cyrus Weiler, who made Aliyah (Hellig 1987).
South Africa did not experience a significant wave of Jewish migration from Germany, where Reform Judaism and the Haskalah originate (Hellig 1987).
It is true that Anglo-German Jewry established the South African Jewish community and later around 6, 500 German Jewish refugees came to South Africa between 1933 and 1942 (Hellig 2009).
However, Gustav Saron argues that as the dominant immigrant group, Lithuanian Jews have shaped the essential character of the community (Shain 2011).
South African synagogue affiliation has also tended to be more focused on family association rather than on ideological choices (Hellig 1987).
Community growth may have also been stymied by the significance of the non-observant Orthodox, the dominant mode of Jewish religious identification in the country (Hellig 1987; Stier 2004).
The Progressive movement in South Africa and the overall South African Jewish population reached its high point in the 1970s with an estimated Jewish population of 120 000 of whom 11 000 identified with the Progressive movement.
This may mark a slight proportional increase from a 1998 survey that put the percentage of Progressive Jews at 7% (Shain 2011).
Milton Shain, one of the most prominent readers of the South African Jewish experience has a more conservative estimate, arguing that during its zenith, Progressive Judaism accounted for a 17% share (Shain 2011).
Kaplan pointed to Australia, which has a similar composition of Jewish society and where the development of such schools has stabilized the progressive community's numbers (Kaplan 2000).
South African children along with their Israeli counterparts form the main immigrant groups of children attending the Akiva School, a Reform-based primary at the Sternberg Centre in London.
A 2010 study was commissioned by the Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies at the University of Cape Town to look at the composition of South African Jewish communities residing in London.
There are 11 progressive congregations, mostly concentrated in South Africa's metropolitan areas; Johannesburg (4), Cape Town (3), Durban (1), Pretoria (1), East London and Port Elizabeth.
The largest congregation is in Cape Town as the Cape Town Progressive Jewish Congregation (CTPJC) brings together three congregations with a membership of 3, 000.
Rabbi Sa'ar Shaked of Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue is currently involved in efforts to establish a Rabbinic Academy and Higher Education Institution in Gauteng.
The movement was inspired when ethnologist, Abraham Zevi Idelsohn visited his family in Johannesburg in September 1929 for his parents’ Golden Wedding anniversary.
At the time Idelson was a professor at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion where he gave talks on the nature and principles of Reform Judaism.
Jerry undertook this task and then joined his brother in Europe where they met several prominent leaders of the Progressive movement such as Lily Montagu.
Then with the aid of Montagu and his brother, Jerry negotiated with Moses Cyrus Weiler, a student at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion to join the burgeoning movement in South Africa.
(Hellig 1987) Progressive leaders have argued that the non-observant Orthodox population observe less than their Progressive counterpats and that they would be more comfortable in the Progressive movement (Hellig 1987).
On 6 August 1983 a limpet mine exploded outside Temple Israel, four hours before State President Marais Viljoen was scheduled to attend a ceremony marking the congregation's 50th anniversary.
Mahommed Iqbal Shaik of the Dolphin Unit of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) later assumed responsibility during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings and he was granted amnesty.
In 1993 there were divisions when Rabbi Ady Asabi declared both the Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue and Imanu-Shalom congregations as independent and Masorti synagogues, breaking with the SAUPJ and Progressive Judaism.
This includes the Moses Weiler School in Alexandra where for generations the school has been funded and led by women from the Progressive movement, even in opposition to the Bantu Education Act, 1953 (Feld 2014).
Chaetomium perlucidum is a neurotropic dematiaceous (melanated cell wall) fungus that is naturally found in the soil, including in agricultural soil, and in the stems of dead plants.
The fungus is an invasive opportunist to humans that can cause diseases such as onychomycosis (fungus on nails), otolaryngologic (head and neck) or respiratory inflammations (like sinusitis, pneumonia, and empyema), and brain necrosis.
An infection can spread throughout the body from a single point of infection into various other systems, e.g., the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems, with especially a low prognosis for cerebral infections.
There have been at least two reported cases of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in humans with one case resulting in death, reported in 2003.
Optimal growth temperature however is at 37° C. Mature perithecia can be obtained if the fungus has access to a sterile plant source.
The 2018 Alpine Elf Europa Cup was the inaugural season of the Alpine Elf Europa Cup, the one-make sports car racing series organized by Alpine for Alpine A110 Cup cars.
The main purpose of the proposal was to offer a much cheaper alternative to NASA's 90-day study from 1989 by a factor of $30 billion.
Although it did not gather much mainstream attention, NASA dedicated a lot of time into putting together a very detailed and thorough proposal.
However the entire Space Exploration Initiative was cancelled soon after the proposals completion and NASA had to close don't the Office of Space Exploration in March of 1993.
It was intended to be the flagship of the program from which other proposals such as ILREC would have to compete against.
The FLO concept incorporated many recommendations from the 1991 Stafford Synthesis report, mainly the use of a Nova class super heavy launch vehicle to minimize assembly and operations in LEO and on the surface of the Moon.
FLO was a major change from previous SEI proposals as the vehicle was standalone and expendable rather than reusable and being staged off of Space Station Freedom.
The design was based off of massive yet simple launchers to carry massive amounts of payloads at once rather than many small and complicated launches.
The program would have almost completely consisted of existing technology such as the Saturn and Space Station with the only the landing vehicle needing to be developed.
Based off of the recommendations of the Stafford Synthesis report, FLO would have relied on a massive Saturn-derived launch vehicle known as the Comet.
The Comet would have been capable of injecting 254.4 tons into low earth orbit and 97.6 tons on a TLI making it one of the most capable vehicles ever designed.
NASA's Marshall Spaceflight Center looked into the Comet rocket or a possible configuration of the then-in-development National Launch System with four F-1A boosters added to the basic 2-stage NLS vehicle.
The Saturn V derived design consisted of a standard Saturn V but with a new third stage, stretched first and second stages, and new F-1 side boosters.
It would use two 222.5 KN-thrust engines and would have reduced the size and weight of the lunar injection stage and significantly reduced the size of the vehicle in general.
The baseline study used the chemical engines instead due to the fact that they would cost $2 billion less to develop.
This along with the military's Timberwind project revived the U'S nuclear propulsion program for the first time since NERVA's cancellation in the 70s.
The Comet would send the lander on a trajectory to the lunar surface where it would then use its engines to brake and land.
It weighted 12,992 kg dry and 44,151 kg wet and would be able to carry 5,000 kg of equipment and cargo along with its 18,077 kg earth return stage.
Astronauts would have to descend from the crew capsule down a ladder to a platform before going down a stair ladder to the surface.
It would be used to transport massive amounts of material to the lunar surface in order to construct a surface outpost.
It would carry the initial habitat module before the first manned mission and would later be used to carry rovers and other habitats to the surface.
It wouldn't need any additional setup after landing and would be able to self deploy it's 20 KW solar array and perform its own system check.
Later expeditions could expand the base to accommodate more crew and eventually be permanently manned or use the site as a proving ground for deep space technology.
Each traverse would drive out to a maximum range of 25 km and they would visit major geographical features and gathering data about the area.
Mission designers decided on four major disciplines that surface teams would focus on during the mission: astronomy, geophysics, life sciences, and space and solar systems physics.
It consisted of several experiments for the astronauts to demonstrate the use of resources on the Moon such as heating lunar regolith to extract oxygen, which would also be the main objective of the next proposed lunar mission ILREC.
The second mission would focus less on exploration and more on setting up additional research equipment as well as tending to the outpost.
The main focus of the crew would be drilling on the surface using a 10 meter drill to extract resources and samples.
They would also begin deploying a radio telescope array and revisit the optical telescope site and switch detectors as an operational test.
The at the time existing Shuttle EVA Suits required lots of maintenance and astronauts needed to pre-breathe oxygen in order to avoid the bends as a result of nitrogen bubbling in the bloodstream.
A precursor program that would have ran during the early 2000s and used Ariane rockets and Space Shuttles to operate a low cost lunar exploration infrastructure.
The Space Shuttle would carry the Lunar Exploration Vehicle while the Araine 5 (or Titan IV) would carry a wide bodied Centaur G rocket stage.
Once the surface mission is complete, the vehicle would separate two large spherical drop tanks and ascend directly to Earth, once again skipping low lunar orbit.
In order to achieve the payload capacity required for this mission, the Araine V would need an additional two SRBs and the Space Shuttle would need the lightweight Al-Li External Tank or Advanced Solid Rocket Motors to carry 25,720kg payloads to a 300km orbit.
The crew capsule would be the same upscaled Apollo capsule used on FLO but would only need to support a crew of two which meant it could carry extra supplies and payload.
When the White House National Science and Technology Council released their revision of the National Space Policy in September 1996, it specifically lacked any mention of human space exploration beyond Earth's orbit.
The next day, President Clinton stated on a campaigning trip through the Pacific Northwest that a human mission to Mars was too expensive and instead affirmed America's commitment to a series of less expensive probes, thus removing human exploration from the national agenda.
Yik Nam Jason Wu (born August 2, 1993), known professionally as Rabitt, is an Emmy Award nominated record producer and songwriter from Hong Kong, now based in Los Angeles, CA.
Rabitt has produced and written songs for Andy Grammer, Kiiara, Charlotte Lawrence, VÉRITÉ, Álvaro Soler, Eric Nam, Claire Rachel Wilkinson, and others.
It was at Berklee where he would meet the woman who would eventually sign him to her label, Kara DioGuardi, CEO of Arthouse Entertainment.
After connecting with DioGuardi, Wu collaborated with another of Arthouse Entertainment's artists, Claire Rachel Wilkinson, then going by the name Clairity.
From the year 2000, she continued her studies in Germany with Sabine Meyer at the Musikhochschule Lübeck, as well as in the United States with Richard Stoltzman at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston.
At the age of 16, she began her solo career with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Zubin Mehta.
Since then she has appeared with a large number of international orchestras, such as the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin in the Great Hall of the Berlin Philharmonie, and collaborated with the Hamburg Symphony Orchestra, the Geneva Chamber Orchestra, the Symphony Orchestra of the National Theater of Prague, the Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Munich Symphony Orchestra and the New Philharmonic of Westphalia.
She has been invited to international festivals such as the BBC Proms, the Festival of Radio France and Montpellier Languedoc Roussillon, the Schubertiade in Austria, the Festival of Davos (Switzerland), Ljubljana (Slovenia), the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival, the Mecklenburg Vorpommern Festival , the Heidelberger Frühling, the Rheingau Musik Festival, and the Spannungen Chamber Music Festival.
Her chamber music partners include Daniel Barenboim, Janine Jansen, Sabine Meyer, Emmanuel Pahud, Tabea Zimmermann, the Fauré Piano Quartet and the Quatuor Terpsycordes.
Brill is married to Jonathan Aner, Israeli pianist, professor of chamber music in Berlin and her partner in the Duo Brillaner.
She has normal clarinets in Bb and A made of grenadilla, mopane and boxwood and a basset clarinet in A made of boxwood.
Ghalati ( / English: Mistake) is a 2019 Pakistani romantic drama television series that premiered on ARY Digital from December 19 2019.
The 2020 season is Negeri Sembilan's 97th season in club history and second season in the Malaysia Premier League since relegated from the Malaysia Super League in 2018.
The Plaza de Isabel II (also known as Plaza de Ópera) is a historic public square between the Sol and Palacio wards in the central district of Madrid.
The plaza is at the convergence of (from the Puerta del Sol) and the minor roads Arrieta, , Caños del Peral, Escalinata and Vergara.
It was formed by filling the ravine created by the Arenal stream and the source of the Fountain of the Canals of the Pear Tree.
The Teatro Real opera house, which sits on the western edge of the plaza, was ordered to be constructed by Isabel II for whom the plaza is now named.
In the Middle Ages, a ravine formed by Madrid's Arenal stream served as a natural defensive moat on the edge of the Christian wall, near the .
Also in 1868, a statue of Isabel II, commissioned by , and made by sculptor , was placed in the center of the square.
The fountain was rediscovered in 1990 with the remodeling of the Ópera station of the Line 2 of the Madrid Metro.
The National Dance Council of America (NDCA) is an organisation formed in 1948 which set standards for ballroom dance teachers, and competitions similar to the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD) founded 1904 in London.
As a lawyer, he has litigated over 200 trials in the D.C. Superior Court and has represented individuals in over 2,000 cases.
President Barack Obama nominated O'Keefe on March 19, 2013, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Joan Z. McAvoy.
On May 22, 2013, the Committee reported his nomination favorably to the senate floor and on the following day, May 23, 2013, the full Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote.
Access to financial services is defined as the share of the adult population with an account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider.
The data for the ranking taken from the Global Financial Inclusion Database, which was compiled by the World Bank in partnership with Gallup from through surveys of more than 150,000 adults in over 140 countries.
Janet Elizabeth Richards was a writer and lecturer who worked in the Eastern United States in the 19th and 20th centuries.
She was a life member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and delegate to the organization's annual meeting in Seattle in 1909.
In 1892 she published stories of American women's role in the war, highlighting women who exhorted men in their family to do to their duty even at the cost of their own life.
Researcher Simon Wendt characterizes Richards's war stories as promoting the idea of heroism of women by reenforcing stereotypes of masculinity connected to war.
The Lithium Triangle () is a region of the Andes rich in lithium reserves around the borders of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile.
Johannes Dyba (15 September 1929 – 23 July 2000) was a German prelate of the Catholic Church who led the Diocese of Fulda from 1983 until his death.
On 25 August 1979, Pope John Paul II named him a titular archbishop, Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Gambia and to Liberia, and Apostolic Delegate to Guinea and to Sierra Leone.
On 1 June 1983, Pope John Paul named him Bishop of Fulda, allowing him to continue to use the personal title of Archbishop.
The 1982–83 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The team was coached by Gene Roberti, who was in his fourth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team has been a member of the Northeast Conference since 1981, although at this time the conference was known as the ECAC Metro Conference.
The series is based on the 2018 Argentine telenovela of the same name produced by Viacom International Studios and broadcast on Telefe.
The plot revolves around Laura (María Elena Swett) and Antonia (Luz Valdivieso), two great friends who make a pact with their husbands to separate for 100 days, at which time they must follow 10 strict rules and in the end decide if they want to continue together or not.
Archie Edward O'Neil (August 22, 1905 - January 16, 1986) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Brigadier general.
He is most noted for his service as Commanding officer, 9th Defense Battalion during the Recapture of Guam in July 1944.
Archie E. O'Neil was born on August 22, 1905 in Williamson, West Virginia, the son of Edward S. and Louella Mae O'Neil.
He attended the public school and high school in Williamson, before received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in May 1923.
He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Marine Corps and ordered to the Basic School at Philadelphia Navy Yard for basic officer training, which he completed in January 1928.
O'Neil then joined 2nd Brigade of Marines under Logan Feland and embarked for Nicaragua, where he participated in the jungle patrols against armed bandits under Augusto César Sandino until July 1929.
O'Neil returned to Marine Barracks, Parris Island, South Carolina in May 1934 and served in that post until August 1935, when he was sent to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, where he entered the Base Defense Weapons Course.
Upon completion of the course, he was promoted to Captain on June 30, 1936 and joined the 1st Marine Brigade under Brigadier general James J. Meade at Quantico.
He served in that assignment during the period of tensions between China and Japan and was present during the outbreak of the full scale invasion of China in the Second Sino-Japanese War in July 1937.
O'Neil returned to the United States in early 1941 and joined the newly established 6th Defense Battalion under lieutenant colonel Charles I. Murray in San Diego, California.
Following his promotion to Major on July 1, 1941, he was appointed battalion's executive officer and embarked for Hawaii, where remained until September that year, when 6th Defense Battalion was ordered to Midway Atoll.
Following the United States entry into World War II, O'Neil was participated in the defense of the atoll against possible Japanese attack, which really took place between June 4–7, 1942.
O'Neil was subsequently transferred to 9th Defense Battalion under Colonel David R. Nimmer and participated in the Guadalcanal campaign, where he served as Group Commander, 155mm Gun Group, designated for naval artillery fire.
The battalion was later ordered to take part in the New Georgia campaign under Colonel William J. Scheyer in summer 1943 and O'Neil commanded his group during the Landings on Rendova and the Battle of Munda Point.
He was appointed acting Executive officer of 9th Defense Battalion at the beginning of August 1943 and held that command for one month, when he assumed command of the battalion.
O'Neil was promoted to Colonel on September 30, 1943 and led his unit during the Recapture of Guam in July-August 1944.
O'Neil was ordered back to the United States in September 1944 and joined the headquarters, Marine Corps Base San Diego, California, where he remained under the command of Major general Archie F. Howard for the rest of the War.
Following the War, O'Neil remained in the Marine Corps and served as commanding officer of the Marine Barracks at Mare Island Navy Yard, California and Commanding officer, 1st Infantry Training Regiment at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.
O'Neil retired from the active duty on July 1, 1957 after 30 years of commissioned service and was advanced to the rank of brigadier general for having been specially commended in combat.
O'Neil was active in the Retired Officers Association following his retirement from the military and died at his home in Columbia, South Carolina on January 16, 1986, aged 80.
Brigadier general Archie E. O'Neil was buried at Greenlawn Memorial Cemetery in Columbia with his both wives, Evelyn Pundita Rowell O'Neil (1910-1942) and Lois Dorothy Jeter O'Neil (1916-2010) and.
Cycle of Suffering is the upcoming fifth studio album by British heavy metal band Sylosis, to be released on 7 February 2020 through Nuclear Blast.
It is the band's first studio album since their hiatus in 2016, as well as their first to feature bassist Conor Marshall and drummer Ali Richardson, replacing Carl Parnell and Rob Callard.
Nagar was born on 12 June 1999 in Faridabad, a city near India's national capital New Delhi, where he is based.
He attended school till 2016, when he dropped out to pursue his YouTube career; he decided to skip his Class-XII Board examination after feeling unconfident about the economics examination, and later completed it through long-distance learning.
The song amassed close to 5 million views within 24 hours of its release and is considered to be the most successful rebuke to PewDiePie during the competition.
The 2019-20 Northeastern Huskies Men's ice hockey season was the 88th season of play for the program and the 36th season in the Hockey East conference.
The album will be released on 27 March 2020 via Cooking Vinyl.It includes contributions from Youth, Roger Eno, David Harrow and Steve Hillage and Miquette Giraudy (System 7).
This is an almanac of seasons played by HFX Wanderers FC in the Canadian Premier League (CPL) and other soccer competitions, from HFX’s inaugural CPL campaign in 2019 to the present day.
After many years of co-oping with Dows High School and competing as CAL-Dows, Dows left the agreement and partnered with Clarion-Goldfield for the 2014-2015 school year.
Mount Worthington is a mountain summit in the Auriol Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in Kluane National Park of Yukon, Canada.
The mountain is situated above the shores of Kathleen Lake, northwest of Kings Throne Peak across the lake, and south-southeast of Haines Junction, Yukon.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Worthington is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Born into a wealthy Boston family, Violet R. Lang was a debutante who began college at the University of Chicago but dropped out to join the Canadian Women's Army Corps in World War II.
Among the poets of the New York School, she was a close friend to Frank O'Hara, John Ashberry, and Kenneth Koch.
She picked up Gregory Corso on the streets of New York City and persuaded her friends in Cambridge to help him live on a dorm room floor in Harvard's Eliot House.
Her father was Malcolm Burrage Lang (1881–1972), a 1902 Harvard graduate who was an organist and director of music at King's Chapel, Boston.
Violet R. Lang was the youngest of the six children (all daughters) of Malcolm and Ethel Lang, who raised their family at 209 Bay State Road.
Gideon Daniel Searle (February 13, 1846 Randolph County, Indiana - January 22, 1917 Chicago, Illinois) was a druggist and the founder of pharmaceutical company G.D. Searle, LLC.
Iowa was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 52.25% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D–New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 47.01% of the popular vote.
The Prohibition party chose the 8th Governor of Kansas, John St. John and Maryland State Representative William Daniel, received 0.40% of the popular vote.
It is one of the most acclaimed Spanish Cinema films of the eighties, and a paradigm comedy of the Madrilene movement.
Matías, a young man recently separated from his wife, falls in love with his cousin Violeta, a girl passionate about violin and hippie style.
James Stannus (2 October 1788 – 28 January 1876) was an Irish Anglican priest in the first half of the 19th-century.
He was born in Portarlington and educated at Trinity College, Dublin After a curacy in Ballinderry he was Rector of Lisburn then Dean of Ross, Ireland from 1829 until his death.
On 30th November 2019 he informed the speaker of parliament that he would resign from the post and his intention has been informed to the president Gotabhaya Rajapaksa .
He joined with Sri Lanka Administrative Services through Department of Elections in 1982 and progressed through his career until becoming the commissioner of the Department of Elections.
During his career, he served as Assistant Commissioner of Elections, District Returning Officer of Jaffna District (1998), Deputy Commissioner (2006) and Additional Commissioner (2010) positions.
David Haward Bain (born February 23, 1949) is an American writer of nonfiction, a lecturer, an editor, and was a longtime instructor in literature and creative writing at Middlebury College.
His parents were David Bain, a sales manager for RCA (Radio Corporation of America), selling broadcasting equipment after pre-war years in radio engineering and announcing across the South, and Rosemary Haward Bain, who gave up a career in on-air radio in her native Kansas City to concentrate on marriage and family.
He and siblings Terry Bain, Christopher Bain, and Lisa Bain, were raised in Haddonfield and Westmont, New Jersey; Takoma Park and Chevy Chase, Maryland; and finally in Port Washington, Long Island, New York.
His most influential professors were Norman B. Moyes and Howard Zinn, and he received a Hearst Award for Excellence in Newswriting on the topic of anti-war protests in the Vietnam era.
In 1973 in New York City, Bain began working in the editorial departments of several book publishers, including Alfred A. Knopf (during the early Robert Gottlieb years), Stonehill, Crown Publishers/Harmony Books (when it was still a downtown family business), and Houghton Mifflin (New York), as well as doing projects at Macmillan Inc. and other firms and on staff at the first American Book Awards.
Following his fellowship year (1980) at Middlebury College's annual Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference on its Ripton campus in the Green Mountains of Vermont, Bain was named to the conference faculty for ten subsequent years, thereafter serving terms on the admissions board and other committees; designated the Bread Loaf Historian in the mid-1980’s, he has lectured annually at the conference for many years.
In 1987, Bain joined the faculty at Middlebury College in Vermont, with the Creative Writing Program in the English and American Literatures Department, as lecturer, part-time, and ultimately as senior lecturer, for 32 years.
He was president of the District Butchers' Association and was a supporter of Blucher Street United Methodist Church and of the Tradesmen's Benevolent Institution.
For a period Wray was an architect in Barnsley where in 1908 she designed some cottages in Cudworth which are still standing.
She was also a prominent activist for women's suffrage being a leading member of the Barnsley Women's Suffrage Society (founded in 1902), of which she was Secretary from 1908 to 1920, when she left the town.
In 1911 Wray was living with her father in Barnsley when on the day of the 1911 census Embleton was a visitor.
With Embleton, Evelina Haverfield and Vera Holme Wray set up the private 'Foosack League' between themselves the membership of which was restricted to women and suffragists; the internal evidence suggests the Foosack League was a lesbian secret society.
She was the first writer from there to be accepted to join the International Writers Programme at the University of Iowa.
She is widely recognised in Libya and a leading contemporary writer and is also commentator on the arts scene in Libya.
Nehemiah 13 is the thirteenth (and the final) chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 23rd chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
The chapter addresses a series of problems handled by Nehemiah himself, which might arise during his temporary absence from the land, with some similar issues as in Ezra 9–10 and Nehemiah 10.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
After 12 year in Jerusalem, Nehemiah returned to the court of Artaxerxes ([[#Verse 6|verse 6]}), but during his absence, various abuses sprang up that he had to handle emphatically as recorded in this section.
The cause of the offences can be traced to the religious laxity in the community, especially with close relationship of the priests with Tobiah (verse 4) and the family alliance of a grandson of Eliashib, the high priest, with Sanballat the Horonite (verse 28).
Iranian famine of 1942–1943 refers to a period of major starvation that took place in Iran, when it was under the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty, and its soil was occupied by the United Kingdom and Soviet Union forces, despite being a neutral country in World War II.
It played Sheffield rules football from its foundation in 1861 until that code merged with association football in 1877, and association football thereafter until its demise some time in or after 1881.
The club was also responsible for proposing the introduction of the corner-kick into Sheffield Rules in 1868; the corner would subsequently be introduced into association football in 1872.
It was opened on 10 November 1989 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Los Dos Caminos to Palo Verde.
In the mid-1980s they began supplying buns and dairy products to fast food chains like McDonald's, Burger King, KFC and MOS Burger.
In May 2019 Costco Taiwan pulled I-Mei brand fresh milk from the shelves after a few consumers on social media questioned the freshness of the milk.
Milk products were returned to shelves after testing by the Health Department of Taoyuan City indicated that there was nothing off with the products.
Missouri was won by Governor Grover Cleveland of New York, and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana, with 53.49% of the vote, against former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois, with 46.02% of the vote.
The 2019-20 Boston University Terriers Men's ice hockey season was the 92nd season of play for the program and the 36th season in the Hockey East conference.
Set in Hardacre's Advertising Agency, the business is run by the womanising and forgetful owner Rupert Hardacre who is famed for his history in advertising.
Joseph Starling is thirty-one year old advertising executive with no experience, and is also unsuccessful and struggles with his conscience at times.
Esin was born in Akwa Ibom State a south-south geographical area of Nigeria occupied predominantly by the minority tribes in Nigeria.
Esin before officially joining the Nigerian movie industry commonly known as Nollywood in 2008 was a banker who would eventually quit her job as a banker to focus on what she described as her true passion which was acting.
Esin joined the Nigerian movie industry (Nollywood) in 2008 after her participation in a movie audition where she emerged successful and got a call back from the producers to feature in the movie project.
Both had fibreglass-epoxy structures, with a high wing, a tailboom with a conventional tail and a forward fuselage with two seats in tandem under a long canopy.
Both aircraft had two-part wings built around a single spar with a glassfibre-covered D-box ahead of it and fabric covering behind.
Unlike the Bakcyl, no forward sweep was necessary because the weight of the engine moved the centre of gravity rearwards to the passenger's seat, allowing the Pelikan to be flown with that seat occupied or empty, so the central section of the wing was rectangular in plan and the long tips straight-tapered on both leading and trailing edges.
Forward of the wing the two aircraft were similar but the pod of the Pelikan ended ahead of the trailing edge of the wing.
Its flat four, air-cooled, Limbach L2000 engine was mounted on the wing and drove a pusher propeller, requiring the slender, rounded tailboom to be lowered from the wing, on the Bakcyl, to the bottom of the pod.
The tail was similar to that of the Bakcyl, with a tall, broad fin and smaller, fabric covered rudder, together trapezoidal in profile, and a smaller, low set, fin-mounted, rectangular plan horizontal tail at the extreme end of the tailboom, its one-piece elevator aft of the rudder.
The Pelikan had fixed tricycle gear with mainwheels, equipped with brakes, on arched, cantilever, fibreglass-epoxy/spring legs from the lower fuselage (though one photograph shows an additional drag strut) and a smaller, steerable nosewheel.
It displayed at the 16th Meeting of Amateur Aviation Structures in Oleśnica in June 1997 and remained active until seriously damaged in an accident on 11 November 2012.
It never flew again but was restored to display condition by 2015 and can be seen in the Polish Aviation Museum, Kraków.
Together with Wintersdorf to the east, Weinzierlein forms a contiguous settlement and lies on the southern banks of the Bibert and on the stream of the Roßtaler Mühlbach, which empties into the Bibert from the right in the village.
To the southwest it is bounded by the woods of Erlach, to the northwest on the far side of the Bibert is the forest of Streitlach, with the hill of Weinberg.
Those who are Evangelical-Lutheran are part of the parish of St. Laurence (Roßtal); Roman-Catholics are part of the church of Christ the King (Roßtal).
It was announced on December 10, 1962 for the IBM 7090 and 7094 computer systems, was retained for the earliest System/360 systems, and was discontinued in 1965.
Attachment to a 709x system is through an IBM 7631 File Control unit, which can attach up to five random-access storage units, a mix of 7320 and 1301 DASD.
One or two 7631 controllers can attach to a computer system, but the system can still attach only a total of five DASD.
The 1987 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the 3rd edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested between South Korea, winners of the 1986 Asian Games, and Egypt, winners of the 1986 African Cup of Nations.
The Snigole River is a tributary of the north shore of the Malbaie River flowing generally to the south, especially in the zec du Lac-au-Sable in the unorganized territory of Mont-Élie, then in the territory of Clermont at the end of the route, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada.
It is enclosed between mountains with a peak reaching in the east, in the south and another one of at West.
The confluence of the Snigole River is at upstream of the dam that results in an enlargement of the Malbaie River and at upstream of the railway bridge spanning the Malbaie River in downtown Clermont.
Fort Souville, briefly called Fort Lemoine, was one of the forts of the Verdun Fortification District, situated in the commune of Fleury-devant-Douaumont.
The fort was armed on its ramparts with 9 cannons and 5 mortars, with 8 pieces of artillery used as flanking fire.
Fort Souville was part of the first sector (Northeast of the city), serving as the first sector commander's headquarters, connected to central command via telephone.
The fort was one of the first forts of the Séré de Rivières system, being constructed of masonry and limestone rubble covered with soil.
By the Decree of 21 January 1887, the Minister of War Georges Boulanger renamed all forts, batteries, and barracks to those of prior military leaders.
On 11 July 1916, the Bavarian Guard infantry launched an assault on the village of Fleury and attempted to seize Fort Souville.
During the night of 10 July, a captured German officer was interrogated by the 167th Regiment, revealing the planned assault for the next day.
At 5 am on 11 July, a violent bombardment began on the French lines prior to the assault by German infantry.
They penetrated the French lines before the French had time to react, with ensuing hand-to-hand combat with both grenade and bayonet.
The order to burn confidential documents was given, with Colonel Coquelin de Lisle fighting with his rifle side by side with his men.
The 100th regiment advanced at the head of the line, with its 2nd and 3rd battalions led the march while the 1st battalion stayed in reserve.
Landers Nolley II (born March 5, 2000) is an American college basketball player for the Virginia Tech Hokies of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
In his sophomore season, Nolley averaged 17 points per game for Curie Metropolitan High School in Chicago and helped his team win a Class 4A state championship.
In his senior season, Nolley averaged 31 points, eight rebounds, and three assists per game, helping his team defend the Georgia 6A championship.
On October 15, 2017, one week after committing to play college basketball for Georgia, he switched his commitment to Virginia Tech.
After the season, the Hokies' top five scorers and coach Buzz Williams departed, but Nolley announced he was staying at Virginia Tech and had no intention of transferring.
After scoring 27 points against Lehigh and 23 points against USC Upstate, Nolley was named Atlantic Coast Conference freshman of the week on November 18, 2019.
He had 22 points in a 71-66 upset of number 3-ranked Michigan State on November 25, hitting a crucial three-pointer with under a minute to go.
Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transformed New England is a 2016 book by Stephen Long that is an account of the 1938 New England hurricane and its impact on New England.
The book focuses on the impact the hurricane had on New England's forests and environment, containing both first-person narratives and quantitative data.
The 1938 New England Hurricane (also referred to as the Great New England Hurricane, Long Island Express, and Yankee Clipper) was one of the deadliest and most destructive tropical cyclones to strike Long Island, New York, and New England.
The storm formed near the coast of Africa on September 9, becoming a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, before making landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on Long Island on September 21.
It is estimated that the hurricane killed 682 people, damaged or destroyed more than 57,000 homes, and caused property losses estimated at $306 million ($4.7 billion in 2017).
It remains the most powerful and deadliest hurricane in recorded New England history, perhaps eclipsed in landfall intensity only by the Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635.
The Lima Campaign is the third land campaign of the War of the Pacific, carried out by Chile between December 1880 and January 1881.
The campaign ended with the Chilean occupation of the Peruvian capital and the establishment of the Chilean authority in it and other surrounding territories, which would extend until 1883, with the end of the war.
Antennae: segments of the peduncle elongate, first extending considerably beyond the lateral margins of the genae, second about one-fifth longer than the first.
Tegmina are very greatly decumbent, very ample, sensibly widened towards the apex, rotundate, with a single regular series of transverse nervures towards the apex; corium, etc.
The son of lieutenant colonel John Barnes Sparks of the Bengal Staff Corps, he was born in May 1873 at Morar in British India.
He was made a CBE in the 1919 New Year Honours for services rendered during the war and was mentioned in dispatches in April 1919.
Sparks made a single appearance in first-class cricket, captaining the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1913.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 13 runs in the navy first-innings by Francis Wyatt, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 4 runs by Harold Fawcus.
The towers were designed by the British-Israeli architect Ron Arad and Yashar Architects, while the public space design was given to UK-based Vogt Landscape Architects, and the local company Tema.
One lot was purchased from the Tara Compound to the west, and the other from Gazit-Globe, which saw the demolition of the latter's office building there.
The legs are also meant to house a restaurant and café, and part of the roof is reserved for a restaurant.
Totzeret HaAretz 2, slated for completion in 2024 and will be tall, making it one of the tallest buildings in the city.
According to the developer, a skyscraper with of office space was approved by the Tel Aviv local planning committee in August 2019.
The vessel has a length of 44 meters, a draft of 7.4 meters, and a displacement of 250 tonnes with the maximum speed of 27 knots.
She has a crew complement of 35, and is equipped with C-705 missiles, a 20mm Denel Vektor GI-2 main gun, and was later fitted with the AK-630 CIWS.
Elizabeth J. Shapiro is an American lawyer who currently serves as deputy director in the civil division of the Federal Programs Branch of the United States Department of Justice.
In May 2019, Shapiro was nominated by President Donald Trump to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
She was also founder of the Symphony of Oak Park and River Forest, one of the longest-surviving community orchestras in the United States.
In 1931, Welge was founder of the Symphony of Oak Park and River Forest, one of the longest-surviving community orchestras in the United States.
Welge was a violinist in the Woman's Symphony Orchestra of Chicago, and after conducting summer concerts at Grant Park, succeeded Ebba Sundstrom as the orchestra's conductor from 1938 to 1940.
She moved to California by 1963, where she was a music director at a church in Laguna Beach, and conducted the Laguna Hills String Ensemble.
Alex M. Lee (artist) is an American and South Korean artist who works between Potsdam, NY and New York City, NY.
His work uses 3D animation, game engines and virtual reality to explore temporality, language, perception and human interpretation in our technological society.
He did his undergraduate and graduate degrees at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, pursuing photography in the former and then Art & Technology in the latter.
In 2017, Lee was part of a VR group show called The Sands at Essex Flowers, a storefront gallery on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.
Reviewed critically by HyperAllergic and Smithsonian magazine, the virtual reality works were curated around the myth of an abandoned casino lying destitute from the bygone era of Fifties Vegas glory, and showcased a 1:1 replica of Essex Flowers venue with embedded digital artworks.
It is presented as an installation on a desktop computer with an oculus headset and a biosensor on the user's hand.
Users are challenged to use their focus and empathy to support in-game soldiers' morale in order to win, as opposed to enacting the typical violence in first-person shooter video games.
Martín Guzmán (born October 12, 1982) is an Argentine economist, currently serving as Minister of Economy in the Alberto Fernández administration.
At the Columbia Business School, Guzmán is an Associate Research Scholar at the Economics Division, director of Columbia University Initiative for Policy Dialogue's Debt Restructuring Program and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Globalization and Development, specializing on the fields of public debt, international macroeconomics and monetary economics.
Guzmán studied at the National University of La Plata, where he graduated with a degree of Licenciate in Economics (April 2005) and a Master of Science in Economics (December 2007).Also, he has a doctorate from Brown University (May 2013).
Hinding was elected a Fellow of the Society of American Archivists in 1977, and served on the executive council from 1975-1979 and as president from 1984-1985.
She was a longtime member of the Organization of American Historians and the Midwest Archives Conference, and served on the executive council of the former from 1977-1980.
In 1986, when several University of Minnesota basketball players were charged with sexual assault, she disagreed with university president Kenneth Keller's decision to set up a task force to study the issue, and stated that more decisive action, such as canceling the season or firing the athletic director Paul Giel, should have been taken.
A gigot bitume (asphalt leg of lamb) is a leg of lamb prepared by wrapping the meat in Kraft paper and placing in a bath of hot asphalt.
This preparation method is used traditionally in France to celebrate the completion of the structural portion of construction projects or public works..
In November 2019, he was nominated by President Donald Trump to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
An Uncertain Collision is the second studio album by Mexican progressive metal, Latin metal band Acrania, released on October 20, 2012 with the support of Mexico's Council for Culture and Arts.
A chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas was mentioned in two abbey manuscripts in 1137 during the Miracle of Rain: after an intense drought that hit all Western Europe, the monks organised a procession of the relics of St. Maur to the boundary of the fiefdom, near Charenton.
When they came back, a violent storm broke out while they were saying the Mass in the chapel of St. Nicholas.
According to the 1328 story of Regnault de Citry, a statue of the Virgin Mary was ordered by William de Corbeil and miraculously appeared in the workshop of a sculptor on July 10, 1068.
Rahkel Bouchet is an American lawyer who currently serves as a magistrate judge for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
In September 2019, she was nominated by President Donald Trump to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the same court.
It and a near-identical version by the same artist are the two earliest surviving floral still lifes from the Northern Netherlands.
He is the publisher of The Writer’s Workshop Review, an online literary magazine and founder of The Writer’s Workshop, an on-campus and online writing program in Seattle.
He received his Master’s degree (MFA) in creative writing in 1985 from the University of Washington, where he also received his Ph.D. in English in 1996.
He was an instructor at the University of Washington from 1987-2005, and he founded The Writer's Workshop in 2001, where he has remained a teacher since.
O'Connell is a member of the Authors Guild of America, National Association of Scholars, and Association for the Study of Literature and Environment.
The company was founded in 2003 by a group led by Markku Jalkanen, who now acts as the company's Chief Executive Officer.
It is currently (2019) undergoing international phase III clinical trials after an open-label, early-phase trial showed promising results in the treatmant patients with ARDS.
The drug is known to function by enhancing lung CD73 expression and increasing production of anti-inflammatory adenosine, such that vascular leaking and escalation of inflammation are reduced.
Clevegen is focused on converting the immune environment around a tumour from being immune suppressive to immune stimulating and represents a novel immuno-oncology approach.
Ornis Fennica is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles on the ecology, behaviour, biogeography and conservation of birds.
During the late 18th and mid-19th centuries, Catholics who held the first form of literary Slovak language were in dispute with Protestants who held biblical Czech language.
Built in 1923, this Classical Revival building house support services for the main exchange of the local telephone company until about 1950, and has seen other commercial uses since then.
It was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 2019 for its architecture, and the role the telephone company played in Brockton's 20th-century growth.
The former New England Telephone and Telegraph Engineering Office is located a short way west of North Main Street in downtown Brockton, on the north side of Pleasant Street.
It is a brick building with two sections, a two-story section on the left and a single-story section on the right.
Each bay has two windows on the ground floor and a band of three windows on the second, except the leftmost bay, where the main building entrance is located.
The left bay has two pedestrian entrances, the center bay has a large two-panel garage door, and the right bay has a band of two sash windows.
The building was designed by Brockton architect Charles Olson, and was built in 1923 for the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company.
It housed offices and other service facilities ancillary to the company's main exchange building, located a few blocks to the south.
The right side housed offices, while the right side housed the company garage, and its cable yard was just to the north.
By 1950, portions of the building were occupied by offices of the United Shoe Machine Company, and by 1958 it was occupied by a printer.
MCS Aerocarga emerged in 2015 through the joint participation between MCS Holding Cargo Services and Grupo TUM, based on operations at Mexico City International Airport, in order to generate a regular air cargo service taking advantage of the logistics network of Both companies Previously MCS Holding Cargo Services operated air cargo through other airlines such as Volaris carga and Lufthansa.
However, excess baggage and the delay or cancellation of commercial flights with passengers made it difficult to transport express cargo, so in association With Grupo TUM and its close relationship with FedEx, it was began the creation of a cargo airline, which entered service with a Bombardier CRJ-100 in July 2015.
By January 2018 the airline changed its name to TUM AeroCarga and in July of that same year it acquired a Boeing 737-300 converted to freighter, which was previously in service with Air Costa Rica.
Due to the difficulties with the allocation of Slots at Mexico City International Airport, the airline moved its operations to Toluca Airport in May 2017, allowing for greater punctuality in the itineraries and greater efficiency in cargo operations.
The ruisseau à John (John Creek) is a tributary of the Malbaie River, flowing into the Lalemant unorganized territory, into the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean administrative region, in the province [of Quebec, in Canada.
The stream at John flows into a river bend on the north shore of the Malbaie River facing the northern limit of Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park.
From the confluence of the stream at John, the current drops the course of the Malbaie River on to the east, south and south-east, which flows on the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River.
The Temptation of St Anthony is a circa 1525 to 1530 oil on panel painting by a follower of Hieronymus Bosch, now in the Centraal Museum in Utrecht.
This list of unsolved murders includes notable cases where victims have been officially found to be have been killed intentionally by another, but no one has ever been successfully prosecuted for the crime.
During a rough patch in his life, Mac starts to see iconic cartoon characters ranging from Looney Tunes to Droopy Dog.
The 1993 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the 5th edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested between Japan, winners of the 1992 Asian Cup, and Ivory Coast, winners of the 1992 Africa Cup of Nations.
Its colorful appearance, which contrasted with native waterfowl, combined with its presence far outside of the species' native range of East Asia, led to media attention from late 2018 through 2019.
The mandarin duck was first spotted at Central Park's Pond by birder Gus Keri in early October 2018 and its appearance disseminated by the New York City birding Twitter account, Manhattan Bird Alert.
Birding and conservation organizations took advantage of the buzz to educate birdwatchers, like the Audubon Society's explanation of what to expect to see during molting season.
Whenever the duck was not seen for a period of days or when it was seen somewhere other than Central Park, it received media coverage, such as when it showed up in Brooklyn or Edgewater, New Jersey.
Paul Sweet, Collection Manager in the Department of Ornithology at the American Museum of Natural History, criticized the enthusiasm for the duck.
There are small populations of mandarin ducks in the United States formed by escaped or released domestic ducks, but none near New York.
The Central Park duck's origin is unknown, but New York is too far from its natural territories to have simply gotten lost during migration, which accounts for some other rare sightings.
The New York City Parks Department announced that it would monitor the duck through the 2018-2019 winter, and would not try to capture it unless it needed help.
It left before the species' mating season and despite false positive sightings and speculation that it would likely return after molting season, in September, it has not been seen .
The 2019-20 UMass Minutemen ice hockey season was the 88th season of play for the program, the 30th season competing at the Division I level, and the 26th season in the Hockey East conference.
Tribute to Caesar is a 1610-1620 oil on canvas painting by Bartolomeo Manfredi, showing the Render unto Caesar episode from the New Testament.
A 1666 inventory misattributed it to Caravaggio but the art critic Voss restored its correct attribution in 1924, though the 1926 catalogue of paintings in the Uffizi (then under the directorship of Giovanni Poggi) still attributed the work to Caravaggio's school.
The Association of Independent Evangelical Lutheran Churches is a church of the Augsburg Confession founded in 1988 and incorporated in the state of New York on May 8, 2001.
The church allows its clergy and members to interpret the Scriptures as each feels led by the power and inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
The presiding and synodical bishops oversee clergy and congregations ensuring there is no deviation from the doctrine and theology of the church and also monitor the conduct of its clergy members.
While each congregation governs its own affairs, the bishops have the authority to step in to maintain the integrity of the church.
Instead, the church takes positions on biblical issues; therefore, it is opposed to same-sex marriage, the ordination of practicing gays and lesbians, and abortions not medically necessary.
The outer dormers have sash windows flanked by vertical stone columns, while the center one has a three-part bay window, also with flanking stone columns.
The interior retains many original and elegant features, including a large Queen Anne fireplace in its great hall, a double staircase, and an elliptical dining room.
In 1890 and 1891 it was rented by Grover Cleveland, then in between his two terms as President of the United States.
Reed is credited with transforming the interior to its present Colonial Revival elegance, and for the two-story turret at the rear of the house.
It is considered one of the finest examples of summer cottage architecture in Marion, and is the only one known to retain a period carriage barn.
Marguerite Primrose Gerrard (29 July 1922, Jamaica – 11 August 1993, Delaware, Pennsylvania), born Marguerite Primrose Tyndale-Biscoe, was a Jamaica-born American botanical artist.
Marguerite Primrose Tyndale-Biscoe was born in Jamaica on 29 July 1922 in a family of Robert Stafford Tyndale-Biscoe and Marguerite Eliza Wilson.
She won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1994 Winter Paralympics, and a bronze medal at the 1998 Winter Paralympics.
She is an alumni of Dartmouth College and currently works as a molecular biologist at Stanford University, where she also received her Ph.D.
Apollo and Diana or The Liberal Arts presented to King Charles and Henrietta Maria is a 1628 painting by Gerard van Honthorst, now on the Queen's Staircase at Hampton Court Palace as part of the Royal Collection.
The artist spent the last nine months of 1628 in London working for Charles I of England, having previously been commissioned several times by Charles' sister Elizabeth.
The work's original location is unknown, but it may have been a commission from the Duke of Buckingham in an attempt to compete with Rubens' recent Marie de' Medici cycle, whose creation Buckingham had seen in Paris.
At top left are Charles himself in the guise of Apollo and his wife Henrietta Maria as Apollo's sister Diana, with Buckingham as Mercury in the centre.
Marco Ciardi (born 25 July 1969 in Sweden) is a Swedish retired footballer who is last known to have played for Västerås SK Fotboll in his home country.
Josef Gauchel is the youngest player to score his first goal in a competitive fixture, in the OG 1936 1st Round, all other of the 20 youngest goalscorers scored in friendly matches.
The youngest competitive goal scorer is Mario Götze, who scored his second goal at the age of 19 years and 91 days on 2 September 2011 in the EC 2012 Qualification against Austria.
17 players were over 33 in their last goal, including record goal scorer Miroslav Klose, who also scored the most goals after his 30th birthday.
His precursor Gerd Müller scored his last of 68 international goals with 28 years and 246 days, making him the player with the most goals before the 30th Birthday.
Klose was 35 years and 362 days old at his 69th international goal, with whom he replaced Müller as the record scorer.
Müller was at his 44th international goal, with whom he substituted Uwe Seeler as a record holder 26 years and 205 days old.
In turn, he was 29 years and 230 days old when he scored his 34th goal Fritz Walter, who had become 16 days after his 35th birthday record goalscorer, but was unable to play internationals for 8.5 years.
Gerd Müller is the only player who scored three goals in two consecutive matches: On 7 and 10 June 1970, he scored in the World Cup matches against Bulgaria and Peru three goals each.
The two matches on 18 and 26 April 1926, in which initially Josef Pöttinger and then Otto Harder scored three goals, followed immediately after each other.
matches with at least three goals of a player, however, existed in every decade with the exception of the years before 1910.
In twelve matches, the shooters of three goals were the only German scorer, also succeeded once Gerd Müller, at the inauguration of Munich Olympiastadions to score four goals without another German player scoring.
No match in which a player could score at least three goals was lost, but five ended in a draw (3 × 3:3, 1 × 4:4 and 5:5 respectively).
The fastest opponent scorer - so far known - was the Belgian Hendrik Isemborghs, who scored the 1: 0 for Belgium on 28 April 1935 after 35 seconds, but still lost with 1: 6.
In addition, one goal was scored in the 95th minute in an extra time, which ended the match (Golden Goal) and one goal in the 120th minute.
In the 85th minute were also the winning goals in the World Cup victories in 1954 and 1990, but also the goal that made Argentina 1986 World Cup.
Mesut Özil scored the first goal in the last minute of an extra time against Algeria in the World Cup 2014 Round of 16.
So far, began in 1971 by the ARD - Sportschau election of the goal of month and 53 goals in matches of the German national team scored excellent in about 9% of the matches played since 1971 are Goal of the month.
In addition Benjamin Lauth succeeded on 16 December 2002 in the match of the national team in a charity match against a Bundesliga Allstar team a goal of the month.
37 players have been honored at least once as national team, three of them (Günter Netzer, Marco Bode and Miroslav Klose) as players only for a together with another player or each other.
For Uwe Bein, Marco Bode, Heinz Flohe, Mario Gomez, Leon Goretzka Mario Gotze, Dietmar Hamann, Jens Jeremies , Miroslav Klose, Toni Kroos, Philipp Lahm, Dieter Müller, Hansi Müller, Christian Pander, Stefan Reuter , Piotr Trochowski, Berti Vogts and Herbert Wimmer was the award for goal, the only goal of the month.
A goal of the month in a match against Germany Hans Krankl scored for the Austria in World Cup 1978 Group (2:3).
One goal of the month was also achieved by Klaus Fischer, Benjamin Lauth and Uwe Seeler in charity matches of the national team and a match by former was selected for the goal of the year.
In 1976, in three consecutive months (April, May and June) the goal of the month was scored by a national player.
First player who scored a goal after a substitution was Richard Hanke on November 2, 1930 in the match against Norway.
He had come on as a substitute for the second half and scored in the 55th minute 1-0 (final score 1:1), at a time when substitutes were rarely practiced.
In total, 79 players scored 165 goals after substitutions, 21 of them scored only goals after substitutions, including Max Kruse with four, Olaf Marschall with three and Andreas Thom and Patrick Helmes with two goals each.
For 46 players, the goal after a substitute their first international goal, Dieter Müller get three, Thomas Hitzlsperger, Erich Beer and Ronald Worm two goals each.
For Dieter Müller it was also the first international match and the gates led first to equalize in EC 1976 Semi final and then to victory.
The final after subsitution goal was scored by Lars Stindl in the 2-2 draw against France on 14 November 2017, ten minutes after his substitution in the third minute of additional time.
The most successful scorer in world championships is André Schürrle with three goals (2014) in front of Rudi Völler, who scored two goals in 1986 after substitutions.
Best scorer at European Championships was Dieter Müller with three goals ahead of Oliver Bierhoff, who scored two goals in 1996 after substitution.
In two matchs, there were two penalties for Germany, in two cases both penalties by one player (Fritz Walter World Cup 1954 semi-final and Bastian Schweinsteiger) were converted.
Once two players (Torsten Frings and Lukas Podolski were successful iat the same match and once both shooters could not take advantage of it at the same match.
Penalties were given most often against Bulgaria: 9 in a total of 21 matchs, 42% of matches against Bulgaria, of which 8 were converted.
In 15 matchs, the conversion of the penalty was decisive to the match, where it came four times by the converted penalty after deficit still in a draw and once followed by another penalty.
In 36 matchs, the converted penalty was the first goal, including in May 1963 the first goal in the first match against world champions Brazil.
51 penalties were converted in friendly matches, 18 in European Championship qualifiers, 11 in World Cup qualifiers and 10 in World Cup matchs.
Most penalties were given by Italian and Swiss referees (11 each), with the Swiss referees running just over half as many matches as the Italians (55 vs. 109).
The Italian Nicola Rizzoli is the only referee to have scored three penalties for the German team - including two in one match.
For Franz Beckenbauer, Albert Brülls, Jürgen Grabowski, Horst-Dieter Höttges, Hans Kalb, Werner Krämer , Pierre Littbarski, Josef Lüke and Andreas Möller were the only penalties for the national team.
The goalkeeper of this match Alan Fettis is so far the only goalkeeper against whom two penalties could not be converted.
Only one of the matches was lost due to the missed penalty, the defeat against Serbia at the 2010 World Cup had no effect on the tournament, as Germany still group winners and Serbia was eliminated anyway.
So far, the German team has had to make eight matches on the penalty shootout, six of them were won and two lost.
Germany and Argentina are the only teams that have won penalties four times each in World Cups, but Argentina only five times, Germany, however, only four times and thus the only team ever, which stood more than once in a penalty shootout at a World Cup, a 100% win rate in this discipline.
Sepp Maier (1976) and Eike Immel (1988) are the only goalkeepers who could not hold a penalty in a penalty shoot-out.
Four times all German shooter were successful, in three cases only four German shooter had to compete because the decision had already been made before the fifth German shooter had to compete.
Even with the two lost penalties the fifth shooter did not have to compete because the decision had already been made.
In two cases (1982 and 1996) the additional sixth German shooter scored the victory, in 2016 only the ninth shooter (Jonas Hector).
The emigration of Cubans after the victory of the 1959 Cuban Revolution to October of 1962, has been dubbed the Golden exile and the first emigration wave in the greater Cuban exile.
After the success of the revolution various Cubans who had allied themselves or worked with the overthrown Batista regime fled the country.
This period of the Cuban exile is also referred to as the Historical exile, mainly by those who emigrated during this period.
Many of the emigrants that would leave believed they would be returning soon to Cuba, believing the U.S. would soon intervene and overthrow the Fidel Castro government.
On January 3, 1961 the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba and afterwards emigrants gained visas for humanitarian reasons, and after arriving in the United States they could apply for parole and gain refugee status.
In April of 1961 the Bay of Pigs Invasion consisting of many militant and anti-fidelista Cuban exiles would fail to take over Cuba.
Growing controversy in Cuba with the nationalization of Catholic schools spurred the development of Operation Peter Pan to relocate children to the United States.
Researcher Jorge Duany claims the majority of exiles were urban, middle-aged, well-educated, light-skinned, and white-collar workers, who emigrated primarily did so for religious, or political reasons.
He also claims that while the first emigrants left because they were old Bastianos, those after left because of disillusionment with the new government and because economic reforms and nationalizations of American companies had harmed their professions.
Researchers Irving Louis Horowitz and Jaime Suchlick have claimed about half of those who emigrated were blue collar workers and many of those were agricultural workers and fishermen.
Horowitz and Suchlick claim that while most emigrants were not involved in militant movements a majority did financial support them until later becoming disillusioned after the failures of such movements.
Cole and his wife returned to Billings in 1991, where he practiced law and she was a professor at Montana State University.
Inna Ivanovna Lubimenko (Любименко Инна Ивановна), or Lioubimenko, (1(13) April 1878 - 15 January 1959) was a Russian and Soviet historian of the early modern period and a specialist in Anglo-Russian relations.
She earned her doctorate in Paris and travelled regularly to London and Moscow in the course of her researches, publishing articles in English language and French journals.
From 1916 she was based in Russia, working as a researcher, archivist, and lecturer at official academic institutions, particularly the Academy of Sciences whose history she researched and helped to write.
She received her basic education at the Obolenskaya Gymnasium before taking higher classes in the history of the Middle Ages under Ivan Mikhaĭlovich Grevs and Georgīĭ Vasilevich Forsten, graduating in 1904.
She married the distinguished botanist and academician Vladimir Nikolaevich Lyubimenko, who worked in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea where they lived for a time.
During her studies in Paris, Lubimenko made regular trips to London and Moscow and developed an interest in Anglo-Russian diplomatic and commercial relations of the early-modern period which became her specialist subject.
Later articles explored the subject through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from the diplomatic and trading perspectives, identifying the impact of one on the other in strengthening or loosening ties between England and Russia.
After Paris, Lubimenko joined the main Saint Petersburg botanical garden as a foreign correspondent and translator in 1916 before teaching and lecturing at various institutions including the Central Archive.
In 1923 she attended the fifth International Congress of Historical Sciences in Brussels and in 1925 travelled to Latvia, Germany, France and England to study archiving methods there and acquire archival material.
Her health began to decline from 1926 but she continued to hold research positions at academic institutions in Russia, particularly the Academy of Sciences about whose founding and history she published a number of articles.
She joined the Saint Petersburg branch of the Institute of History in March 1942 and was evacuated in July that year to Yelabuga, then to Tashkent, where she worked until 1944.
Lubimenko retired in 1952 but continued to participate in academic life, writing essays on the history of Saint Petersburg for a volume on the history of the city that was published in 1955 and editing chapters of the first volume of the history of the Academy of Sciences.
Thomas James Peters (12 December 1920–2010) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Accrington Stanley, Bury and Mansfield Town.
The North Carolina Department of Information Technology was established in 2015 and authorized by North Carolina General Statute 143B, Paragraph 143B-1320.
Alberto Iribarne (born 2 August 1950) is an Argentinian lawyer, who has been Minister of Justice during the presidency of Néstor Kirchner between 2005 and 2007.
He was designated by president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner as Ambassador of Argentina to the Holy See but his diplomatic approval was refused by the Vatican.
James Joseph McCarter (19 March 1923–2002) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Sheffield Wednesday.
Born Geoffry Frank Laundon on 7 May 1938 in Kettering, England to parents Frank and Marjorie, Laundon was educated at the University of Sheffield, receiving a B.Sc.
In 1965 he emigrated to New Zealand and became mycologist at the Plant Health & Diagnostic Station at Levin, New Zealand and continued to research the taxonomy and nomenclature of rusts.
In 1977, in a highly unusual step at the time, Laundon publicly announced her gender transition in a scientific journal, taking the name Gillian Fiona Laundon, while still continuing with her research.
Among his most important contributions was a new system of spore terminology published in 1967, which was controversial at the time but was generally accepted by the time of her death.
Laundon was the first to realise there were two species involved when the poplar rusts were first found in New Zealand in 1972, a claim not verified until samples of the spores were examined with an electron microscope.
She designed and built a light meter that could be used for taking photographs through a microscope, and light incubators for a mycology laboratory, as well as learning to programme computers.
Arthur Bramley (born 25 March 1929) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
In 1981 the National Register of Historic Places completed a survey of St. Helena Parish and discovered seven log cabins and nineteen barns.
After inspecting those sites it was determined that the local William Lee and Eudora Courtney Bazoon Farmstead log structures should be preserved for their historical significance.
It was mentioned in an act of attribution in 1680, then on the Royal hunting map in 1765, when it was sold to miller Charles Mortier.
He served during the presidency of Carlos Menem as Minister of Interior between 1992 and 1994, when he resignated disagree with the president for the 1994 reform of the Argentine constitution and create his own party.
It was first identified by a forensic laboratory in Germany in 2014, but while its analytical properties and metabolism have been studied, its pharmacology remains unknown.
Shems Friedlander is an American Islamic scholar, Sufi master, visual artist, filmmaker, author and an emeritus professor of practice at the American University in Cairo.
He is best known for his works on mystical traditions of Islam, especially the Mevlevi Sufi tradition founded after the name of Mevlana Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī.
Joining as a lecturer, Friedlander has served as a professor in the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication at the American University in Cairo since 1994.
Apart from photography and paintings, Friedlander has authored ten books on Sufism and Mevlana Rumi and has made few documentary films.
The rivière à la Cruche (river of the jug) is a tributary of the Malbaie River, flowing into the Lac-Pikauba unorganized territory, into the Regional County Municipality (MRC) of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
La Cruche River rises at the mouth of Pimpant Lake (length: ; altitude: ) in the southwest corner of the township of Lalemant.
From the confluence of the La Cruche River, the current flows down the Malbaie River over to the northeast, south, and south-east, which flows on the northwestern shore of the St. Lawrence River.
As an amateur, while representing Uzbekistan, he won a silver medal in the welterweight division at the 2014 Asian Games and gold in the middleweight division at the 2018 edition.
At the international level, Madrimov won gold medals at the 2017 Asian Championships and 2018 Asian Games, and silver medals at the 2011 Junior World Championships; 2013 Asian Youth Championships; and 2014 Asian Games.
Madrimov made his professional debut on 24 November 2018, against Vladimir Hernandez at the Hard Rock Live in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with the vacant WBA Inter-Continental super-welterweight title on the line.
Madrimov made the first defence of his title, again on the undercard of a Dmitry Bivol world title fight – this time against Joe Smith Jr. – on 9 March 2019 against Frank Rojas at the Turning Stone Resort & Casino in Verona, New York.
Rojas rose to his feet before the referee's count of ten, only to be knocked unconscious moments later with another powerful left hook, giving Madrimov the win via second-round knockout (KO).
Two days before the fight it was announced Madrimov's promoters, World of Boxing, had signed a co-promotional deal with Eddie Hearn's Matchroom Boxing USA.
Following a sixth-round TKO win over Norberto Gonzalez in June, Madrimov defended his title for a second time against Alejandro Barrera on 5 October 2019 at Madison Square Garden, New York City, on the undercard of the Gennady Golovkin vs. Sergiy Derevyanchenko world title fight.
Poe Ei Ei Khant was born on 7 April 1993 in Yangon, Myanmar to parent Thein Lwin, a real-estate developer and chairman of Myanmar Real Property Development Association (MRPDA) and his wife Moe Moe Thein.
She studied law in distance education at the University of West Yangon and then switched to Master of Laws at the East Yangon University.
She graduated with LLB (Law) at the University of West Yangon in 2016, and Master of Laws (LLM) at the East Yangon University in 2019.
In 2013, she competed in the fifth season of Eain Met Sone Yar (Where dreams meet) and placed as the eighth runner-up in the final completion.
Poe Ei Ei Khant is married to Aung Thu, a footballer, on 31 May 2018 and the wedding ceremony held on 26 March 2019 at the Western Park.
Harold Everett Sawyer (December 15, 1890 - January 18, 1969) was an American prelate who served as Bishop of Erie from 1946 till 1951.
He was ordained priest by the Bishop of Connecticut Chauncey B. Brewster on May 15, 1917 in Christ Church, New Haven.
The work, created in an edition of three, consists of a fresh banana taped to a wall with a piece of duct tape.
In 1980, geologist Francisco E. Nullo noticed the presence of sauropod bones on a hillside of the Estancia Alta Vista, south of the Centinela River in the Santa Cruz province of Argentina.
The old site was relocated and new excavations were carried out between 13 and 17 January and 14 to 19 March 2019, and a new site was discovered on the Estancia La Anita.
The large number of authors is a consequence of the fact that the article described the entire fauna in which every expert contributed his part.
The second sacral vertebra has a keel that extends into a protrusion that fits into a hole in the oval back facet of the first vertebra; their contact is normally flat.
The fact that the front leg was not used for a powerful sale is clear from the delta-detectoral comb of the humerus that is reduced to a low ledge.
The pubis apparently did not touch the process obturatorius of the Ischium which means that the foramen obturatum is not closed but open downwards.
For the femur, the trochanter major at the top is convex and on the inside separated by a groove from the front narrow trochanter minor.
If this placement is correct, the animal is the youngest known iguanodont, and by extension, ornithopod, known from the Southern Hemisphere.
The describers consider it likely that the Elasmaria lived together with the relatively larger Hadrosauroidea, with the two groups belonging in different niches, though hadrosauroids were not found at the site.
Mosineia is a genus of euthycarcinoid arthropods that lived on tidal flats of Laurentia at what is now central Wisconsin from the Middle Cambrian to the Late Cambrian.
Associated trace fossil evidence suggests that this genus spent some of its time subaerially, possibly to mate and to feed on the microbial mats that blanketed the beaches.
Whatever was the animal that produced them held the distinction of being the first animal to emerge from the sea; however, the identity of that animal remained unknown.
The new fossils, found in the late 1900s and early 2000s, thus solved a mystery that had lasted over 150 years.
In 1980, geologist Francisco E. Nullo noticed the presence of sauropod bones on a hillside of the Estancia Alta Vista, south of the Centinela River in the Santa Cruz province of Argentina.
The old site was relocated and new excavations were carried out between 13 and 17 January and 14 to 19 March 2019, and a new site was discovered on the Estancia La Anita.
including six concentrations of bones that could be assigned to the original find, which was now recognized as a new sauropod species.
The large number of authors is a consequence of the fact that the article described the entire fauna in which every expert contributed his part.
The following are preserved: a third cervical vertebra (the MACN-PV 18644 specimen found by Bonaparte in 1981), tail vertebrae, a neck rib, ribs, a left shoulder blade, the ends of a right thigh bone, a right shin, a right calf bone, and a right jaw bone.
It was a hundred meters from the holotype and higher on the slope so that it is probably another individual that is also clearly smaller than the type specimen.
The anterior and middle tail vertebrae have sides and undersides that are eroded by numerous large depressions that do not pierce the bone wall.
At the middle tail vertebrae there is a large trough on the side that is covered from above by the side protrusion.
The lower end of the tibia is flattened from the front to the rear and widened more across than with other titanosaurs.
The cervical vertebra of the holotype is elongated with a length of and rather low with a height of , apart from the broken vertebral arch.
The middle tail whirls are square in side view, have a convex cotyle at the back, a deep longitudinal trough on the underside, numerous but shallower recesses, and short conical side protrusions placed at the middle height.
The delta-detectoral comb is relatively short with the lower edge at a quarter of the shaft length measured from above, a basic characteristic.
Kings Throne Peak is a mountain summit in the Dalton Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in Kluane National Park of Yukon, Canada.
The mountain is situated above the south shore of Kathleen Lake, southeast of Mount Worthington across the lake, and south-southeast of Haines Junction, Yukon.
A steep five kilometer trail provides access to the amphitheater, and an additional three kilometres on a beaten path reaches the summit via the east ridge.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Kings Throne Peak is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The league roster structure evolved from some professional to totally amateur during its existence, becoming a pioneer of what is known today as collegiate summer baseball.
Over 100 future major league players played in the Basin League, among them were Baseball Hall of Fame members Bob Gibson, Jim Palmer and Don Sutton.
Teams in Chamberlain (Chamberlain Chiefs), Mitchell (Mitchell Kernels), Pierre (Pierre Cowboys), Winner (Winner Pheasants), as well as Valentine, Nebraska (Valentine Hearts) were the initial franchises.
In 1958, the league split the season into two halves, with each half winner meeting for the league championship, before reverting back to full season play in 1959.
The Rapid City Chiefs were assigned to the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Sturgis Titans were assigned to the Boston Red Sox and the Pierre Cowboys were assigned to the Cleveland Indians.
In 1966, the Basin League amateur talent pool took a hit when the NCAA ruled that NCAA college seniors could no longer play in the league.
To keep their amateur status, most Basin League players received approximately $200-$500 for the summer season, with the pay received for 'odd jobs' in the local communities.
The NCAA had also put restrictions on the league, while at the same time, major league teams were reexamining player development resources.
There were four league teams remaining in the final season in 1973: Chamberlain Mallards, Pierre Cowboys, Rapid City Chiefs and the Sturgis Titans.
Vivian Cherry (July 27, 1920 – March 4, 2019) was an American photographer, best known for her street photography as a member of the New York Photo League.
It is mainly known as a synthetic intermediate used as a building block to manufacture larger molecules, but 4-EA is closely related in chemical structure to designer drugs such as 4-methylamphetamine and 4-ethylmethcathinone, and is both a synthetic precursor and a metabolite of the 25-NB derivative 4-EA-NBOMe.
While in Georgia, Chase was arrested after threatening to harm a 20-year-old member of the Communist Party if he divulged information regarding the party's operations.
The Chemin des Canots River (rivière du Chemin des canots) is a tributary of the Malbaie River, flowing into the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Chemin des Canots River crosses the eastern part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve; it flows into a river bend on the southwestern bank of the Malbaie River facing the zec des Martres.
The lower and middle parts of the Chemin des Canots River valley are served primarily by R0360 forest road and some other secondary forest roads, for forestry and recreational tourism purposes.
The surface of the Chemin des Canots River is usually frozen from early December to late March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
The middle section of Chemin des Canots River has a series of nine lakes aligned from north to south on between Lac Duquette and Lac Robitaille.
Canoeing can be practiced on this river for about ten kilometers; however, this river segment has only one portage to bypass the rapids between Lake Layrac and Canoe Lake.
The Chemin des Canots River flows on the west bank of the Malbaie River downstream of a river curve and a rapids area.
The film tells about the former butler of a count who returns to his native village with the hope of finding a treasure and taking possession of it.
It covers the period from the preaching of Peter of Capua in France in 1198 until 16 May 1204, shortly after the sack of Constantinople.
Although they are not by the same author, the copyist probably intended them to be read together, with the council as a happy epilogue to the unfortunate crusade.
Most scholars accept that he was from the Holy Roman Empire and probably a German speaker from the Rhineland, although Jules Tessier argues that he was more probably an Italian from Lombardy and Cynthia Arthur that he was more probably a Francophone from the County of Hainaut.
As to his occupation, it has been argued both that he was a layman and that he was a secular cleric.
While Michael McCormick, Carl Klimke and Tessier make him a partisan of Marquis Boniface I of Montferrat, Kandel places him in the following of Count Baldwin IX of Flanders and Arthur in that of Henry of Hainaut.
It has been proposed that the author relied for some of his information on the letters sent by Baldwin of Flanders to Pope Innocent after he became emperor, but this is not conclusive.
To Andrea, there is no evidence that the author was close to any of the crusade leaders or their private councils.
The author pays special attention to numbers such as prices and payments and also keeps track of the size of the army by counting fatalities, casualties, leaves and desertions.
The author also shows great interest in contracts, oaths, pledges and treaties, a series of eight of which structures the entire narrative.
The first contracts are the crusading vows and the pledges made by surrogates to go in place of those crusaders who died before setting out.
The compact made by the cities of Lombardy to hurry the armed contingents on their way to the rendezvous in Venice is presented as the first counter-crusade action.
The next major contracts are the oath of allegiance taken by the barons to Boniface (who is referred to throughout simply as the Marquis) and the agreement with Venice, which results in the Siege of Zara.
At Zara, the crusaders enter into a new agreement with Alexios Angelos to place him on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
As the crusader army and Venetian fleet make their way to Constantinople, the Greeks they pass along the way pledge their allegiance to Alexios.
After the capture of Constantinople, Alexios makes pledges and gives surety to the army in exchange for its continued support as he establishes his rule.
All of Greece is said to have paid homage to the new emperor, but he reneged on his pledge and did not pay the crusaders for their aid.
It mistakenly dates Peter of Capua's preaching tour to 1202, probably because the author as a German was not directly familiar with events in France.
It also places the assault on the harbour wall of Constantinople correctly on 9 April 1204, but incorrectly states that this was during Holy Week.
The drama deals with the sexual abuse of a minor by a film producer, and the challenges his family face thereafter when they receive hush money to keep silent.
Sportswashing is the hosting of a sporting event as a means for a country to improve its reputation, particularly if it has a poor record on human rights.
The band is composed of Dave Gibson (vocals, drums), Daniel Gibson (lead vocals, acoustic guitar) Sarahjane Gibson (vocals, melodica, percussion), Sean McMahon (bass and backing vocals), Cameron Deyell (electric guitar and backing vocals) and Andrew McGovern (trumpet, percussion, and synth).
Dave used to be the vocalist in the New Zealand band Elemeno P while Daniel was the vocalist of a pop-punk band called Kingston.
Dave, his spouse Sarahjane, and his brother Daniel, formed the band around the time they moved to New York in 2012.
In early 2013, the band traveled back to New Zealand to work and record nine new tracks which would be split into two EPs.
This is a list of notable individuals and organizations who have voiced their endorsement of Pete Buttigieg's campaign for the Democratic Party's nomination for the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
Se rentan cuartos is a Mexican sitcom television series created by David Hernández and produced by Viacom International Studios and Endemol Shine Boomdog for Comedy Central Latin America.
It premiered on 30 October 2019, and is stats Itatí Cantoral, Armando Hernández, Paco Rueda, Yare Santana, Irving Peña, Carlos Espejel, María Chacón, and Jorge Ortín.
On 29 October 2019, before its premiere it was confirmed that the series had been renewed for a second season to be released on 29 January 2020.
Following the dissolution of the Photo league in 1951, she was a commercial photographer in the 1950s and later wrote four published children's books.
Leaves are elliptic with a point, and are usually 1.5cm long, with a yellowish-green, glabrous adaxial surface, and glaucous abaxial surface.
In botanical terms, glaucous refers to the greyish, bluish or whitish waxy coating or bloom that is easily rubbed off .
The Port-au-Saumon River is a tributary of the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River, flowing into the town of La Malbaie, into the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, Quebec, Canada.
The course of this river flows into the St. Lawrence River in the hamlet of Port-au-Saumon, northeast of the town of La Malbaie.
The lower part of the valley of this watercourse is served by route 138 which runs along the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River and by the road of the rang Sainte-Anne.
Vault is a 2019 American crime, drama, thriller film directed by Tom DeNucci, written by Tom DeNucci and B. Dolan, and starring Theo Rossi, Clive Standen, Samira Wiley, and Chazz Palminteri.
It was built for William Bushnell Bradford and his wife Pauline Bradford, and is located in a cul de sac at 333 G Street, in the park-like Forbes Addition area about northwest of downtown San Rafael.
The original building was destroyed by fire in March 1935, and classes did not resume until 1940, when a new school building was built.
The ethnic makeup of the school is approximately 99.0% Non-Hispanic White, 0.7% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% Asian, and 0.1% from two or more races.
Vitalina Varela is a 2019 Portuguese drama film directed by Pedro Costa.It won the Golden Leopard at the 2019 Locarno Film Festival.
A popular song in the Philippines, it has been covered by local singers Ogie Alcasid and Sharon Cuneta and sampled by rapper Genezide.
Thermopylae is a 1966 bronze sculpture by Dimitri Hadzi, installed near the John F. Kennedy Federal Building, in Boston's Government Center, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
/ THOROUGHLY SYMBOLIC IN ITS ABSTRACT SHAPES, BASICALLY ORGANIC IN FORM, THE HEAVY / FORMS CONTRAST WITH THIN, SOLID WITH OPEN, VERTICAL WITH HORIZONTAL, AND ROUND / WITH ANGULAR.
THROUGH THE EFFECT OF THE SUN, RAIN, AND SNOW ON THE SCULPTURE, / THE VIEWER IS PROVIDED WITH EVER CHANGING VISUAL AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES.
Rosseau played in the first two games of his true freshman year in 2018 before suffering a season-ending ankle injury and redshirted.
After being let go by the rink, Alison starts out on her own by teaching skating lessons on a friend’s pond.
Ivan was Alison’s old high school sweetheart who left her years before when he received an offer to play major league hockey.
Initially the two are at odds with each other, but after the cold reunion passes they start to become friends again.
The Return of Wild Bill is a 1940 American Western film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and written by Robert Lee Johnson and Fred Myton.
Itagaki is highly private about her personal life and wears a chicken mask to obscure her face at all public appearances.
The patrol craft is powered by two German DEUTZ diesel engines which can produce driving two shafts for a top speed of .
The EP was the first to release after the departures of members Yina and Jooyi and was the last to feature Di, Xia, and T-ae, as well as the latest to feature the RaNia name.
While marking the debut of Seulji and Hyeme, the EP also was the first to feature Alexandra Reid as a member, making Demonstrate the first Korean music release to feature an African American singer debuting in a Korean group.
The release of Demonstrate gained attention from the Korean media due to the debut of Alex as well as the release being the group's first in over 2 years.
His work has focused on insects in houses and stored foods, and especially the wintering and cold tolerance of certain arthropods.
Sømme has been on several expeditions to the Antarctic, participated in field trips to Svalbard, and visited various other extreme places on Earth in his research on arthropods and cold tolerance.
In 1962, Sømme spent a year in Canada studying cold tolerance in insects at the Canada Agriculture Research Station in Lethbridge, Alberta.
In 1970, Sømme changed his workplace from the Plant Protection Office to the University of Oslo, where he became a lecturer in entomology.
Since 1977, Sømme has participated in several research expeditions to the Antarctic, where he studied arthropods (mites and springtails) on Bouvet Island and in Queen Maud Land.
It is therefore natural to assume that both the flora and fauna on the island were brought by birds crossing the sea.
Lauritz Sømme has made shorter trips to several places in the world to study arthropods' cold tolerance, including the Atlas Mountains and Mount Kenya in Africa.
He has also spent time on Svalbard since 1988, where he helped determine that some animals can become desiccated in the fall.
When the cold weather comes, they have so little water in their bodies that they survive until the spring without frost damage, and then in the spring the body's fluid content increases again.
In 2006, the board of the Norwegian Entomological Society unanimously recommended that Sømme be appointed an honorary member of the association, which took place at the society's annual meeting on February 13, 2007.
Not least of all, he also wrote a history of Norwegian entomology and published it in a 326-page book when the Norwegian Entomological Society celebrated its centenary in 2004.
It highlights a radical shift in information systems that will be needed to address organizational needs for storing, retrieving, moving and processing exponentially growing data sets.
Traditionally, applications were installed, kept relatively static, updated infrequently, and utilized a fixed set of compute, storage, and networking elements to cope with a relatively small set of structured data.
This approach functioned well for decades, but over the past decade, data growth, particularly unstructured data growth, put new pressures on organizations, information architectures and data center infrastructure.
90% of new data is unstructured and, according to a 2018 report, 59% of organizations manage over 10 billion files and objects spread over large numbers of servers and storage nodes.
Organizations are struggling to cope with exponential data growth while seeking better approaches to extracting insights from that data using services including Big Data analytics and machine learning.
Traditional architectures fail to fully store, retrieve, move and utilize that data because due to limitations of hardware infrastructure as well as application-centric systems design, development, and management.
Data-centric computing is an approach that merges innovative hardware and software to treat data, not applications, as the permanent source of value.
Data-centric computing aims to rethink both hardware and software to extract as much value as possible from existing and new data sources.
To meet the goals of data-centric computing, data center hardware infrastructure will evolve to address massive scale, rapid growth, the need for very high performance data movement, and extensive calculation requirements.
Daniel, who was born in Tel Aviv, featured in the singles main draw in three editions of the Tel Aviv Open.
He reached a best singles ranking of 231 in the world and in the early 1990s appeared in grand slam qualifiers, including Wimbledon.
As a doubles player he was a quarter-finalist at the 1992 Tel Aviv Open and came close to a first round upset at the Kremlin Cup the same year, when he and Gilad Bloom pushed reigning US Open champions Jim Grabb and Richey Reneberg to a third set tiebreak.
It was an illustrated Catholic publication supported by the Lithuanian clergy and the professors and clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary.
It was the seat of the Diocese of Sejny and had the Sejny Priest Seminary, a center of Lithuanian culture, but the town did not have a printing press.
Priests from the Dioceses of Sejny and Vilnius raised 20,000 rubles to establish the printing press Laukaitis, Dvaranauskas, Narijauskas ir Bendrovė and invite workers from Warsaw.
It was aimed at the general public (farmers, villagers) and published news from Lithuania, Russia, and the world, educational articles on agriculture, education, culture, Lithuanian language as well as works of fiction.
In August 1909, the newspaper published a complaint that Russian tax officials assessed unfair taxes on cooperatives when compared to regular shops.
The third case was brought regarding an article criticizing land sales by the government to immigrant Russians which was prepared based on a speech of Andrius Bulota to the Russian State Duma.
Its authors and contributors included Juozas Balčikonis, , Mykolas Krupavičius, Marija Pečkauskaitė (Šatrijos Ragana), Justinas Bonaventūra Pranaitis, Sofija Pšibiliauskienė (Lazdynų Pelėda), Jonas Totoraitis, Justinas Staugaitis.
In 2005 it was a farm complex with a Folk Victorian-style main house built in 1891, a number of outbuildings, and an extant landscape.
It is located at 55 Goldworth Rd., southwest of Villa Rica, on an old alignment of the unpaved-in-2005 Villa Rica-Carrollton Road, which was bypassed by Georgia Highway 61.
Hypecoum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae, found in temperate areas of northern Africa, Europe and Asia.
The group all-around competition for gymnastics rhytmic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 7 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Petricolaria dactylus, common name petricola, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.
In the 2019 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, he rushed for 208 yards with three touchdowns and was named the game's MVP.
Two synagogues stood on the site, first a wooden one from 1864 and then a stone building from 1881 until its demolition in 1987.
A meeting of Jewish residents on 10 January 1864 held at the offices of Louis Edward Nathan, and chaired by Nathan, decided to form a congregation and to erect a synagogue.
The congregation first used the building on 1 October 1864 to coincide with Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, for the year 5265.
The building had cost NZ£500 but was not fully furnished; chairs were used for some time but seats had been installed before the end of 1864.
At a general meeting in May 1880, there was disquiet that the building proposal and fundraising effort had been allowed to linger.
The existing synagogue was to be relocated to this land so that worship won't get interrupted, a new synagogue built on the existing land, and once that was finished, the first synagogue was to be converted to a school.
The consecration was carried out by Rev Isaac Zachariah with the Wellington rabbi, Herman van Staveren, as assistant, in the presence of the bishops of Wellington and Nelson, Octavius Hadfield and Andrew Suter.
The song was written by José Luis Ortega and produced by Armando Avila and was released by Sony Music Latin as the second single from the album in the Mexican territory on January 20, 2015.
The song debuted in Mexico's general airplay chart, gaining even more airplay than the album's first single and peaking at #1.
Though the song does not have an official video, Thalía did release an official lyric video for the song on her YouTube channel.
Amelia Elizabeth Simison was born in Minneapolis, Kansas, on January 7, 1875, to Edward Harding Simison and his wife, Jane Eliza Moody.
Both her parents died when she was three years old, and she was raised by relatives in Earlville, Illinois and educated at the Teachers Normal College and Wesleyan University.
A few years later, the family moved to Rankin, where she and her husband established the Rankin Telephone Company in their home.
While in office, McColgin was heavily involved in health and safety legislation, and introduced a bill to create a Bureau of Child Hygiene.
Although she was not re-elected for a second term, three new woman members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives were elected in 1923.
Char Kukri-Mukri Wildlife Sanctuary () is a Wildlife sanctuary in Southern Charfession Upazilla of Bangladesh located on an island in Bay of bengal in the south of the country.
Most part of the sanctuary is submerged twice in a day due to high tide and is covered with dense mangrove vegetation.
The sanctuary has an esturine ecosystem; the sanctuary is covered with mangrove forest on the major part with intermittent open mudflats.
The Grey Pelican or Spot-billed pelican which is included in the Near threatened species list of IUCN Red data Book is also found in this sanctuary.
The threats are encrochment for cultivation land and excessive fishing by the local people and invasion of the exotic foreign plant species.
Described as a vampire film, it concerns an artist named Dezzy (Dora Madison Burge, credited as Dora Madison) who descends into madness after taking a hallucinogenic drug to overcome a creative block.
Clarence H. Beecher (October 9, 1877 – November 21, 1959) was an American politician who served as the 25th Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
His eight vote victory against James E. Burke in 1927 is the smallest margin of victory in any Burlington mayoral race.
On October 9, 1877 Beecher was born to David O. Beecher and Mary E. Waring on a farm in Granville, New York.
In 1900 he graduated from the University of Vermont medical college with highest honors and continued his education in Vienna, Austria in 1910 with internal medicine.
In 1919 he was given the Republican nomination for Ward Two's alderman election and defeated Robet Cannon with 601 votes to 257 votes.
On February 20, 1922 he was renominated by the Republican city committee for alderman and faced no opposition in the election due to the Democratic city committee not selecting a candidate.
On February 16, 1924 he declined to seek reelection and the Republican nomination for Ward Two's alderman was given to Ralph H. Robinson.
On February 2, 1925 he announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for mayor and was given the nomination by unanimity on February 11.
Beecher defeated former Mayor James E. Burke of the Citizens Party and President of the Board of Alderman George L. Edwards of the Nonpartisan League and Democratic Party with 2,429 votes to 1,845 votes and 994 votes.
During his tenure the Burlington City Hall, Memorial Auditorium, Central Fire Station, and the Winooski Bridge were all constructed and he managed recovery in Burlington following the Great Vermont Flood of 1927.
Due to the closeness of the election Burke filed a lawsuit attempting to remove Beecher from office, but the Vermont Supreme Court ruled in Beecher's favor on January 2, 1929 although it decreased his vote total to 3,016.
On March 12, 1934 Beecher was given the Republican nomination for Ward Five alderman with 19 votes against Meader Martin's 3 votes and on March 27, 1934 he narrowly defeated Democratic Oscar H. Heininger by 28 votes for Ward Five's alderman seat with 553 votes to 525 votes in a special election to fill the seat following E. Lloyd Gillett's resignation.
He did not seek reelection in 1935 and was succeeded by Frank J. Hendee after he defeated Meader Martin in the general election.
On January 13, 1953 the Republican city committee gave him the mayoral nomination, but was defeated in a landslide by incumbent Democratic Mayor J. Edward Moran with 5,091 votes to 3,403 votes and he performed worse than Republican aldermen in every ward except in ward one.
During the mayoral race he criticized Moran for his handling of Burlington's new electric generator plant and blamed him for its poor management.
From 1941 to 1945 he served as dean of the University of Vermont's medical college and in 1958 the University of Vermont gave him a honorary degree for a doctorate in science.
On November 11, 1959 Beecher suffered a heart attack and was taken to Mary Fletcher Hospital (now the University of Vermont Medical Center) where he died on November 21.
At the outbreak of World War I, the Imperial Japanese Navy had a total of two modern destroyers capable of overseas deployment: the and .
It was clear that this force would not enable Japan to fulfill its obligations under the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, so the Japanese government pushed through an Emergency Naval Expansion Budget in fiscal 1914 to allow for the construction of ten new destroyers.
Given the speed of construction and the fact that eight different shipyards were used, it is a tribute to the Japanese shipbuilders that all ten sister ships of the Sakaki were uniform in appearance and capabilities, and performed reliably in their overseas deployment to the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea in combat operations in World War I.
The Japanese fleet was nominally independent, but carried out operations under the direction of the Royal Navy command on Malta, primarily in escort operations for transport and troopship convoys and in anti-submarine warfare operations.
The Volkswagen Zwickau-Mosel Plant () is an automobile factory, which was founded on 26 September 1990 in today's Zwickau district of Mosel and together with the Chemnitz plant and the Transparent Factory belongs to Volkswagen Sachsen based in Zwickau.
With the founding of Horch and Audi in 1904 and 1909 respectively, Zwickau became the cradle of the Saxon automobile industry.
Due to the traditions of automotive engineering in the region and because of the skilled workers potential, Volkswagen decided as the first large enterprise of the Federal Republic to build up a completely new work in Saxony and provided for it considerable investments.
Already in the final phase of the GDR the Trabant 1.1 was built in the northern Zwickau suburb of Mosel from 1989 with a four-cylinder four-stroke engine manufactured under VW license.
The production was discontinued in 1991, because parallel to this one had already started on 21 May 1990 in the factory Mosel with the mass production of Volkswagen Polo Mk2.
On 15 February 1991, the production of the Volkswagen Golf Mk2 began parallel to the Polo production, whose successor is still produced today in the Zwickau plant.
In 2010, 1,350 vehicles of the VW model series Golf and Passat left the production lines of the Volkswagen plant every day.
Since 2017, bodies for the Bentley Bentayga and since 2018 bodies for the Lamborghini Urus have been produced at the Zwickau plant.
High-ranking persons from politics and economics appreciated the scientific and technical achievements of the car makers from southwest Saxony in their greetings.
This position puts it in the rain shadow of the Olympic Range, resulting in less precipitation than Mount Olympus and the western Olympics receive.
The mountain's name was submitted for consideration by Walter Walkinshaw, the son of Robert, with the location chosen to be next to Mount Clark, named for Irving M. Clark who was also a Seattle conservationist, and an old acquaintance of Robert Walkinshaw.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Olympic Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall (Orographic lift).
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust.
Zarbofoot was formed by Dariush Salehpour and Amir Mohammadi in the spring of 2017, and was joined later by the other members including Reza Tajbakhsh.
Zarbofoot gave its debut concert on 1 December 2018 at Niavaran Cultural House on the occasion of World AIDS Day with the collaboration of the United Nations and UNAIDS in Iran, which was an electrojazz performance.
The band have collaborated with some famous singers, among them: Salar Aghili, Mohsen Yeganeh, Homayoun Shajarian, Farzad Farzin, and Benyamin Bahadori.
Mosel is since January 1, 1999 a district of Zwickau, which since 2008, a district town of the Zwickau district in the Free State of Saxony.
The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 18 and 19 October.
It is native to the eastern United States, where it has a highly fragmented range localized in the Northeast, the Upper Midwest, the Interior Highlands, and the Southeast.
The National Premier Leagues Women's (NPLW) are regional association football competitions in some states and territories in Australia, which act as the second tier of the sport in the country below the W-League.
The WNPL consists of the highest level state league in a subset of the state-based federations within Australia, and is overseen by Football Federation Australia (FFA) in partnership with participating member federations.
The WNPL is contested by clubs from six member federations; these are ACT, NSW, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia (from 2020).
In October 2010, (FFA) commenced a National Competition Review, its main objective being to review the current structure of soccer competitions in Australia, and to monitor and improve elite player development.
NSW were the first federation to commence a competition, after a review on women's football in NSW in 2013, which looked at staying aligned with the FFA's pathway for women's football program.
Queensland switched to the NPL format in 2015, followed by South Australia and Victoria in 2016, and the ACT (Capital Football) in 2017.
Western Australia is set to become the sixth member federation to restructure womens' competitions under the NPL banner, with the introduction of the National Premier Leagues WA women’s competition in 2020.
The WNPL competitions in each state and territory are run independently by the member federations, with a similar format to the equivalent men's competition - the National Premier Leagues.
Teams may be relegated from the WNPL to a third-tier league in the same state (and vice versa), but there is currently no mechanism for a team to be promoted to the first tier of Australian Football, the W-League.
The table below details the number of teams relegated automatically from the WNPL at the end of the season and the number of NPL teams which go into a relegation playoff against a lower league team.
The Saddest Boy in the World is a Canadian short black comedy film, directed by Jamie Travis and released in 2006.
The film stars Benjamin Smith as Timothy Higgins, a lonely and unhappy young boy who plans to commit suicide by hanging himself on his birthday.
Maureen Solomon (Born December 23 1983) is a Nigerian actress who during her active years in the Nigerian movie industry featured in over 80 Nigerian movies.
Solomon disclosed in an interview that she began acting on stage whilst she was in primary school and had always desired to be an established actress in the future.
Solomon received a call back the following day and was assigned a role of which she was paid ₦2000 for ($20, per 2001 exchange rate) Solomon quit the Nigerian movie industry in 2011.
Halahan was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin He was ordained deacon in 1846 and priest in 1847.
The women's 400 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 17 and 18 October.
Hardoi railway station (station code HRI) is a main railway station in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The men's 400 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 17 and 18 October.
It was formed between 11 July and 15 August 1942, in accordance with the directive of the commander of the Soviet Air Force of 10 July 1942, on the basis of the Air Force of the Bryansk Front .
The formation of the army began in the village of Pavlovka (18 km southeast of the city of Yelets) in the Lipetsk Oblast.
The 15th Air Army received its baptism of fire in the autumn of 1942, participating in the defensive battles near Voronezh and in the elimination of the enemy's foothold on the left bank of the Don.
In July-August 1943, as part of the Battle of Kursk, she participated in the Orlov Strategic Offensive, and in September 1943, it supported the front troops in the Bryansk Offensive.
In 1945, the Army participated in the elimination of Army Group Courland and German forces in the Klaipeda area (January-February 1945).
It is the original configuration for Highway 11 as it approached Regina and was designated after the Regina Bypass was opened in 2019.
Highway 11 used to be signed through Regina along Albert Street and Ring Road to Victoria Avenue where it terminated at the Highway 1; however, the Highway 11A designation only pertains to the area outside city limits where it is under provincial jurisdiction.
The sanctuary has a tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen type of forest; the sanctuary is covered with dense shrubby vegetation with patches of dense forest and bamboos.
The long railway line proposed Chittagong- Cox's Bazar railway project will be passing through the buffer zone of the sanctuary .
Thomas R. Fortune (February 8, 1917 – December 30, 1986) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 55th district from 1969 to 1982.
Roman) boy whose father worked at the stadium, Luigi Franco Gemma, picked Turkey's name from the lots with his eyes blindfolded.
The film stars Christopher de Leon and Lorna Tolentino as step-siblings Noel and Melody and also starring Dina Bonnevie and Edu Manzano as Noel and Melody's respective spouses, Cynthia and Ronald.
The film was adapted into a TV series by ABS-CBN as Walang Kapalit, aired from April 23 to August 31, 2007.
After the union between Agnes and Ariston, Noel and Melody became step-siblings but they didn't get along until their years of adulthood.
One day, Noel and Melody became business partners but their confession of love for each other led to the destruction of their respective marriages and the stigma of their relationship.
During its restoration efforts by the ABS-CBN Film Restoration and Central Digital Lab, the biggest problem during the restoration of the film was the molds and fungus that were embedded in the print from the source negatives.
The film's restored version was released on November 11, 2014 in Trinoma Cinema as part of the Cinema One Originals film festival.
The Central Yakutian Lowland or Central Yakutian Lowlands (; ), also known as Central Yakut Plain or Vilyuy Lowland, is a low alluvial plain in Siberia, Russia.
It is an extensive plain located in the transition zone between Central and Eastern Siberia and is one of the Great Russian Regions.
The main city is Yakutsk, with a number of settlements near it, but the area of the lowland is largely uninhabited elsewhere.
The Central Yakutian Lowlands extend along the middle basin of the Lena River and partly further downstream and are about in length and wide.
To the northwest the lowland merges with the North Siberian Lowland and to the north it is bound by the watershed fringing the Lena and Olenyok River basins, and to the northeast and east the Central Yakutian Lowland reaches the foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range, westernmost part of the East Siberian Mountains.
There are hundreds of river valleys all across the lowlands, which, besides the Lena, include the lower reaches of the Lena tributaries Vilyuy, Amga and Aldan.
The rivers of the lowland are subject to spring floods during the thaw period and occasional rain floods in the summer.
In the northwest the Tukulan (Тукуланы) sand dunes are relief forms shaped by aeolian processes along the valley of the Lena River.
The climate prevailing in the lowland is continental and harsh, characterized by a very low annual rainfall of barely per year.
He studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp with Ferdinand de Braekeleer, then travelled to Holland to copy the Old Masters.
His regular contact with painters of the Barbizon school encouraged him to adopt a more contemporary style, and he became more successful.
His works may be seen in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium and the Musée Fabre, as well as at museums in Ghent, Courtrai and Liège.
The King Long Kairui (厦门金龙-凯锐浩克) is a commercial and light passenger van capable of seating up to 10 passengers produced by the Chinese manufacturer King Long starting from 2018.
Despite being a front-engined model, parts on the rear half of the King Long Kairui after the B-pillars were shared with the cab-forward King Long Kaige.
Styling is controversial as just like the King Long Kaige, the rear half of the vehicle heavily resembles the Toyota Hiace, while the front fascia of the vehicle is heavily inspired by the Volkswagen Transporter T6.
Based on the true story of cyclist Geneviève Jeanson, whose career as a professional cyclist was derailed by a doping scandal, the film stars Laurence Leboeuf as Julie Arseneau, a cyclist who is caught doping just a few races short of the championship race, and Patrice Robitaille as her coach.
The film received four Prix Jutra nominations at the 17th Jutra Awards, for Best Actor (Robitaille), Best Actress (Leboeuf), Best Sound (Mario Auclair, Stéphane Bergeron, Marcel Pothier and Christian Rivest) and Best Editing (Louis-Philippe Rathé).
Protests started in Valletta and other urban centres of Malta on 20November 2019, predominantly calling for resignations after alleged political links to the assassination of journalist and blogger Daphne Caruana Galizia surfaced following the arrest of businessman Yorgen Fenech.
The protests consisted of demonstrations, marches, sit-ins, and civil disobedience and are unprecedented in Malta's political history since its independence from the United Kingdom.
Constitutional experts, legal bodies, and other representatives stated that Muscat's decision to remain in office until January 2020 and to have a more than six-week Parliamentary recess over Christmas led to the crisis within Maltese institutions.
The Caruana Galizia family, political parties, the European Union mission in Malta, academics, NGOs, civil society, the University of Malta students' union, former advisers, industrial organisations, and organised business and labour unions are calling for his immediate resignation.
Businesses were negatively affected by both the crisis and the protests, while major industrial associations and institutions expressed concern at the impact of the turmoil.
Malta, an island nation of nearly 500,000 citizens, gained its independence from Great Britain in 1964, and its people subsequently declared it a Republic in 1974.
It has largely been viewed as a nation of general geopolitical neutrality (since 1979), but also of extraordinarily impressive democratic voter participation.
Its modern governmental body - a unicameral chamber known as the House of Representatives - is currently predominated by a two-party system, of which the Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Joseph Muscat, holds the majority of seats.
Despite several markers of socioeconomic success, such as its high life expectancy of 81 and its classification as an advanced society according to the IMF and UN (along with 32 other nations worldwide), public perception of Malta's public servants has been marred by allegations of corruption.
This has resulted in a worse Corruption Perceptions Index compared to several other similar small economically-advanced nations like Denmark, Singapore, Luxembourg, New Zealand, and Hong Kong.
In recent years, investigative journalists have increasingly reported on allegations of money laundering, tax evasion via offshore havens (including those connected with the Panama Papers), nepotism, and various other indications of bribery and fraud; journalists are protected pursuant to Malta's Constitutional law on free press and free speech.
An important figure in this movement, Daphne Caruana Galizia garnered international reputation as a resolute critic of political and business malpractice, despite being targeted by several SLAPP suits.
Throughout 2017, she released a series of controversial and sensitive pieces of information that link a number of Maltese politicians to the Panama Papers.
A series of monthly protests and vigils in remembrance of Caruana Galizia were held by civil society organisations on every sixteenth day of the month from October 2017 onward, in addition to ongoing anti-corruption protests and marches.
These demonstrations, in opposition of secretive Panama accounts being opened by Maltese officials, had been consistently and formally organised for years leading up to Caruana Galizia's death.
However, protests in Malta – some of them spontaneous – fundamentally transformed in meaning following her assassination, and evolved and intensified as more information about her murder has surfaced, implicating businessmen and politicians alike.
On 22 October 2017, the Civil Society Network organised a protest demanding justice and calling for the immediate resignation of the Police Commissioner and the Attorney General.
The GUE/NGL Award for Journalists, Whistleblowers & Defenders of the Right to Information was established in 2018 in honor of Caruana Galizia.
As the second anniversary of the assassination approached, Civil Society organised a protest march, with the US Embassy issuing a statement, reiterating its offer to help Maltese investigators.
On 11 November 2019, Muscat's chief of staff, Keith Schembri, dropped a libel case against Simon Busuttil, in order to avoid testifying about 17 Black, a shell company based in Dubai, which had become implicated with the Panama Papers.
This decision was made in defiance of judiciary orders, but Muscat supported Schembri's decision not to testify, stating as justification that: 1) he had already sat down with the Caruana Galizia family to reach an agreement on a public inquiry into the assassination; and 2) such testimony by Schembri could constitute a conflict of interest, or prejudice the investigation into 17 Black.
A Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit (FIAU) report had identified the owner of 17 Black to be power station investor and Tumas Group CEO Yorgen Fenech, who has a clear link to Muscat and Tourism Minister Konrad Mizzi, through mutual investment into a new gas-fired power station, since 2013 or earlier.
Fenech's ownership of 17 Black was corroborated by banking records acquired by Reuters from sources in the United Arab Emirates familiar with 17 Black.
Fenech denied any connection to Panama companies and even declined to comment about his ownership of 17 Black; Mizzi denied any connection to 17 Black; Muscat and Schembri denied any knowledge of 17 Black's ownership.
On 19 November 2019, Muscat announced that he had written to Melvin Theuma, an alleged middleman in the Caruana Galizia murder case, offering him a pardon in exchange for exhaustive information detailing those involved in the assassination plot, following Theuma's arrest during the previous week (on a separate case).
Early on 20 November 2019, Fenech was intercepted at sea by an Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) patrol boat, while allegedly attempting to flee the country on his private yacht, one day after Theuma's presidential pardon.
Six days later, Schembri resigned from his post as chief of staff, was questioned by police, and was released on police bail.
Fenech first attempted to gain immunity in exchange for information; when immunity was denied, and an indictment filed against him on 30 November 2019, he plead not guilty.
Fenech's defense primarily revolves around accusing Schembri of being the mastermind behind the Caruana Galizia murder, and of even extorting Fenech to frame Christian Cardona as the responsible party for the assassination.
On 20 November, civil society groups led by Repubblika, Occupy Justice, and manueldelia.com, announced a protest in front of the Prime Minister's Office, Auberge de Castille, calling for Muscat's resignation.
In their statement, the groups said that Muscat should have demanded Schembri and Mizzi's resignations when their names first appeared in the 2016 Panama Papers release.
The groups said they did not invite the Nationalist Party, or any other party, for the demonstration, but they would not oppose anyone wanting to join.
At the end of the protest, protestors walked to the makeshift memorial to Caruana Galizia at the foot of the Great Siege Memorial.
At the same time, opposition members of parliament (MPs) walked out of Parliament over Muscat's failure to dismiss Schembri and Mizzi.
Protesters also assembled in the streets around the Parliament buildings, heckling and stopping a number of ministers' cars from leaving the area.
Justice Minister Owen Bonnici's car was targeted by protesters as it left parliament, with the Minister describing how he stood by the Police Force, two of whom sustained minor injuries in the course of doing their duties.
In a statement, Speaker Anġlu Farrugia said steps ought to be taken against those who exceeded limits and manifestly breached the law, including through the use of violence.
Thousands of protestors met in front of the Auberge de Castille, renewing calls for Muscat to resign, saying that justice for Caruana Galizia was being stifled.
Three rows of steel barricades kept protesters away from Parliament, while Muscat was jeered after exiting parliament at the end of Monday evening's parliamentary session.
The protest then moved from outside parliament to Castille Place, where protesters were addressed by Manuel Delia, one of the organisers, and other speakers.
Following the disturbances of 26 November, steel barricades were placed in front of parliament, Auberge de Castille and on Merchants' Street, as police increased security ahead of the day's planned protest.
On the day, both major political parties announced mass meetings for 1 December, with various civil society members and Caruana Galizia family members asking people to stay away from rallies organised by political parties.
The Institute of Maltese Journalists appealed the police to begin issuing press conferences to update journalists and media on developments in the Caruana Galizia case.
In the early hours of the morning on 29 November, after the protest which began in the evening the previous day, unknown security officials clashed with demonstrators and journalists were forcibly kept within the Ambassadors' Hall in Auberge de Castille.
Tensions escalated after the security officials refused to identify themselves to journalists, or tell them why they were not being let out of the building.
University lecturers and students blocked parts of the road around the Msida skatepark in protest on Friday, 29 November, in a protest organised by the Kunsill Studenti Universitarji (KSU).
Protesters began a protest march in Valletta at 6:30 p.m., holding posters and Maltese flags while protesting at the government's handling of the criminal investigation.
After the main protest, a smaller crowd gathered beneath the Great Siege Monument in front of the Daphne memorial where flowers and candles were left in tribute.
Protesters reiterated calls for Muscat to resign following the Caruana Galizia probe, and they were joined in their protest by author and activist Immanuel Mifsud, and Arnold Cassola, amongst other politicians, NGOs, academics and activists.
Close to 20,000 protesters filled Republic Street in Valletta, by far the largest turnout at the time in weeks of protests aimed at Muscat's government.
A protest march started in front of Parliament at 4 p.m. and moved to the square in front of the law courts, where protesters were addressed by activists.
The protest came hours after an emergency meeting of the Labour Party parliamentary group gave Muscat free-reign to decide on his exit.
The crowd was addressed by anthropologist Ranier Fsadni, Eve Borg Bonello, a 16-year-old student, and former Nationalist Party president Mark Anthony Sammut.
Caruana Galizia family members, the Chamber of Advocates, law experts, Moviment Graffitti, and other critics feared that Muscat's insistence on remaining in office was a conflict of interest with investigations into suspects closely associated with him ongoing.
Several plainclothes policemen were seen in strategic positions in Valletta taking pictures and footage of the protesters, some were seen walking with the crowd and taking pictures during the anti-corruption protest.
Police surveillance was contested by a legal association, who stated it will continue to document such cases and to share its analysis with Amnesty International and European counterparts.
Eve Borg Bonello, a 16-year old speaker at the protest, received death threats and insults for her speech during the 1 December protest.
While acknowledging this may have been a well-meaning piece of advice, she returned to the same police station assisted by a lawyer, to file an official police report.
On Monday, 2 December 2019, access to Valletta's Freedom Square was heavily restricted as activists began to gather in front of parliament for the evening protest.
Authorities laid out hundreds of metres of steel barricades in the square in front of parliament in the afternoon, considerably limiting the area in which civil society activists were able to protest.
Protesters threw carrots and eggs – an allusion to the murder suspect Fenech – at MPs including Gozo minister Justyne Caruana.
Protesters blocked all exits from Parliament, trapping MPs for a couple of hours between Ordnance Street and Freedom Square in Valletta.
Protesters taunted the Prime Minister to come out, while Muscat was giving his final speech in parliament ahead of resigning in January 2020.
Unable to exit from the main streets around Parliament, some MPs were forced to escape via tunnels linking Parliament with the Valletta Ditch.
The lights in the ditch were switched off to distract protesters and their aim, with Muscat leaving Parliament from the basement exit.
A journalist was assaulted by staff members of the Parliamentary Secretary for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights Clint Camilleri, as she attempted to ask whether he believed the Prime Minister ought to resign immediately.
In a sign of the increased tension, Nationalist MP Karol Aqulina and Labour MP Clifton Grima started pushing each other, although they were quickly separated by people surrounding the two men.
Some kilometres away from the protest, government supporters turned up in Hamrun, in front of the Labour Party's headquarters, in an unofficial rally in support of Muscat.
The Institute of Maltese Journalists condemned the violence and intimidation towards journalists at the demonstration in front of the Labour Party headquarters, as well as by government staff during the civil society protests in Valletta.
Muscat was meeting with a delegation of the European Parliament dispatched to Malta for an urgent mission following a political crisis sparked by developments in the Caruana Galizia murder investigation.
Justice Minister Bonnici and Muscat were egged on their way to meet the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) at Castille.
Muscat had claimed to have last met Fenech more than a year ago, but the Prime Minister recently admitted to at least one social meeting in February 2019.
Fenech sent the messages when he was already the prime suspect under investigation, with Muscat being fully briefed by the security services.
Further news revelations indicated how two members of staff from the Office of the Prime Minister were allegedly mentioned in the middleman's testimony, with a former member of Muscat's security detail tried to pass on a message to the men accused of murdering Caruana Galizia.
They demanded that the police arrest and interrogate Keith Schembri, the prime minister's former chief of staff, for his connection to the murder investigation of Daphne Caruana Galizia.
A large copy of a letter written by the alleged middleman in the assassination plot was attached to the closed gates of the headquarters.
Protesters thanked the police on duty, particularly for not putting six rows of barricades in front of protesters, as had happened in Valletta some days earlier.
Opposition MPs boycotted the last sessions of Parliament as Muscat refused to resign immediately, with Parliament unanimously approving the Budget estimates in a marathon vote session.
On the day, Muscat attended a private audience with Pope Francis at the Vatican, with the meeting being shifted from an official visit to a private audience after a number of protests and letters were written asking the Pope not to meet with Muscat.
Another protest was called for Sunday, 8 December, demanding the immediate resignation of Muscat, and the investigation of all those named in the unfolding criminal investigations.
Thousands walked on Castille in a protest march led by Caruana Galizia's parents, carrying flags, placards and chanting calls for justice and against corruption.
Addressing the crowd, former Partit Nazzjonalista candidate Norman Vella linked the stories coming out of the court proceedings directly with the Office of the Prime Minister.
Closing the demonstration, Manuel Delia insisted that the two candidates for parliamentary leadership had insulted the country by not apologising to the Caruana Galizia family.
Early in the morning, Moviment Graffitti staged a sit-in at Castille demanding Muscat's immediate resignation, storming into the Prime Minister's Office building from a side entrance.
When journalists arrived to cover the scene, protesters were locked inside the entrance hall, with the photographers and reporters moved out by security officers.
Government supporting media reported that a soldier was injured in the sit-in after being shoved against a wall, and that an activist had urinated at Castille.
As the middleman in the murder of Caruana Galizia was testifying in court, the Maltese community in Belgium staged a protest outside the Maltese Permanent Representation to the EU at Dar Malta in Brussels.
Protesters demanded justice for the assassinated journalist, amidst reports that other European heads of state were uncomfortable with Muscat's presence at the European Summit.
On 11 December, a protest was called by NGOs for Friday, 13 December – coinciding with Republic Day, a national holiday in Malta.
Overnight, a group of protesters stood guard on the makeshift memorial to Caruana Galizia, holding a vigil throughout the night, to ensure that the memorial was not removed again by Government employees.
During the protest, police presence was heavy to ensure the peace between protesters and Maltese celebrating Republic Day, in particular around Castille.
President George Vella, on his way to the Grandmaster's Palace for the official ceremonies, was greeted with both applause and jeers, with the crowd protesting, whistling and chanting throughout a military parade along Republic Street.
Home Affairs Minister Michael Farrugia insisted NGOs and protesters did not apply for a permit for the protests on Republic Day, while a Police statement admitted a meeting was held between the NGOs and police authorities two days before the protests to discuss civil society's role in the official ceremonies.
A vigil marking the 26th month since Caruana Galizia assassination was held in front of the makeshift memorial in Valletta, with the groups restating their commitment to protest until justice was made for Caruana Galizia and corruption removed from Government.
Cremona said activists were being falsely accused of disrespecting the armed forces, the police and a paralympics contingent in 13 December protest.
Constituted bodies and unions issued varied calls, with some asking for Muscat to step down and others prompting a more measured reaction asking for calm and maturity.
He said that these items as well as bags of urine were being thrown by a mob which included two Opposition MPs.
Journalists attending the protest insisted that they saw protesters throw eggs, coins, carrots and (fake) cash at MPs, but not any urine.
Farrugia listed a number of violent incidents during the protest, including the injury of a policemen, threats, damages to official cars, the blocking of official cars by protesters, the throwing of urine bags at MPs, a sit-in protest at the Office of the Prime Minister and the injury of a soldier.
Claims about throwing of urine bags could not be verified by journalists, while Moviment Graffitti insisted the soldier was not injured in its protest, but had stumbled and slipped on a ledge in the hallway.
Government authorities continued to remove a makeshift memorial to Caruana Galizia in front of the Law Courts, even a few hours after protesters leave flowers and photographs.
The EU confirmed that it would send a mission to Malta to investigate the state of the rule of law in the country, referencing Caruana Galizia's case.
The President of the EU Commission Ursula von der Leyen said the Commission is following the situation in Malta very closely.
MEP Sven Giegold called on the EU to begin suspension procedures against Malta under Article 7 of the treaty on EU, recommending the opening of an investigation into the rule of law and various policy decisions taken by the Muscat government.
With Finland holding the EU Council's rotating presidency, Finnish European Affairs Minister Tytti Tupparainen said she was concerned by the rule of law situation in Malta.
Reporters Without Borders UK director Rebecca Vincent underscored the lack of political accountability in Malta around the case, as well as the problems relating to rule of law and freedom of expression.
PT AOA Zamrud Aviation Corporation is an airline in Indonesia which was established in 1969 as a merger of PT Zamrud Airlines and PT Aircraft Owners' Association .
From its base at Ngurah Rai International Airport, Denpasar, Zamrud flies to Bima, Sumbawa Besar, Ampenan, Surabaya, Tambolaka, Waingapu, Kupang, Maumere and Dili.
As part of the FC Altyn Asyr won the 2009 Turkmenistan Cup, scored one goal in the final match against FC Merw (3:0).
Gurbannepesow made his senior national team debut on 20 October 2009 against Vietnami, coming to the substitution at the 46 minute.
Adolph Theodore Laundenberg (born 1926), known as The Santa Strangler, is an American serial killer who murdered three women in the San Pedro neighborhood of Los Angeles and one in San Francisco during the 1970s, and is the prime suspect for another two similar murders.
Despite confessing to the killings to two daughters-in-law decades apart, he was only arrested in 2002, after DNA evidence connected him to the crimes.
Adolph Laudenberg was born in Lexington, Kentucky in 1926, to a German immigrant butcher and his wife, who died a few years after his birth.
At some point, he took up whittling unique walking canes, made from salvaged wood and manzanita shrubs, which he would either give away or sell for 10$ on the street.
He then got a job as a security guard at a steel plant, before turning towards being a cab driver in the San Pedro area in the late 1960s.
According to neighbors, the Laudenbergs were an odd fit - Annelle worked at a dance studio, was outgoing and health conscious, while Adolph was a generous, but reclusive man who mostly kept to himself.
Despite their differences, their marriage lasted 30 years before the couple separated, as Annelle, who didn't return her husband's feelings of love, outed herself as a stripper.
Using his job as a cabby, Laudenberg's modus operandi consisted of picking up lonely, alcoholic or ill women who reminded him of his ex-wife, whom he would then bind, rape and strangle, either in Los Angeles or San Francisco.
He was questioned by police during the initial investigations, but denied everything, and since the perpetrator left barely any clues behind, he was let off.
In 1975, Laudenberg confessed to his future daughter-in-law that he had killed four women, three in San Pedro and one in San Francisco, which he called his 'four sins'.
The woman believed his story and told the authorities, and despite their efforts, they couldn't prove the veracity of the claims.
The other officer then swept in and got the cup, from which DNA samples were extracted and sent for testing - they matched seminal fluid found on Lois Petrie's corpse.
The circumstances surrounding how the officers obtained the DNA sample raised some privacy issues, with the policemen arguing that discarded items were considered public property and therefore, no legal permission was required to get a sample.
The appellate court upheld the conviction, rejecting Laudenberg's argument that the expectation was that a restaurant employee should've thrown the cup out.
XLAM: Luchshaya Belarusskaya Alternativa () is a compilation album by Belarusian alternative bands released by the portal on the label on June 11, 2006.
When choosing bands, attention was paid to the unusualness of musical material, as well as to the quality of the proposed tracks.
The presentation of the disc with the participation of a number of bands whose works were included in the compilation album took place on the day of its release on June 11, 2006, in Gomel, while the Ukrainian band Skinhate became the invited headliner of the party.
With was decorated Knight of the Order of St. Olav, Commander of the Order of Wasa, and Commander of the Order of the White Rose of Finland.
According to legend, three demi-gods emerged from Samseong, which is said to have been on the northern slopes of Hallasan and became the progenitors of the Jeju people, who founded the Kingdom of Tamna.
Thus, Vovin concludes that Japonic speakers were present on Jeju Island before being replaced by Koreanic speakers sometime before the 15th century.
After the establishment of Tamna, in the first century AD, Tamna people started active trade with China of the Han Dynasty China and Yayoi Japan, South-east-Asian nations, with the Tamil Chola dynasty and the mainland Korea.
However, the kingdom maintained local autonomy until 1404, when Taejong of Joseon placed it under firm central control and brought the Tamna kingdom to an end.
One interesting event that took place during these later years of Tamna was the Sambyeolcho Rebellion, which came to a bloody end on Jeju Island in 1274.
In 1910, Japan annexed Korea, including Jeju, inaugurating a period of hardship and deprivation for the islanders, many of whom were compelled to travel to the mainland or Japan for work.
On April 3, 1948, against a background of an ongoing ideological struggle for control of Korea and a variety of grievances held by islanders against the local authorities, the many communist sympathizers on the island attacked police stations and government offices.
The brutal and often indiscriminate suppression of the leftist rebellion resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of both villagers and communist radicals and the imprisonment of thousands more in internment camps.
In 2006, almost 60 years after the Jeju Uprising, the South Korean government apologized for its role in the killings and promised reparations.
Korean Shamanism is a native religion of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island, and its teachings are mixed with Confucianism and Buddhism, Jeju Island is also one of the areas in which the Korean Shamanism is still most intact.
Eucalyptus purpurata, commonly known as the Bandalup silver mallet, is a species of mallet that is endemic to a small area in the southwest of Western Australia.
It has smooth, silvery bark, glossy dark green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, creamy white flowers and shortened spherical fruit.
Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy dark green on both sides, lance-shaped, long and wide tapering to a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, nine or eleven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The Bandalup silver mallet occurs in more or less pure stands but is only known from the type location where it grows in white powdery soil containing magnesite.
Zenobia, regina de’ Palmireni (‘Zenobia, Queen of the Palmyrans’) is an opera in three acts by Tomaso Albinoni with a libretto by Antonio Marchi.
It was Albinoni’s first opera, written when he was only 23, and was first performed at the 1694 carnival at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice.
Zenobia (soprano), queen of Palmyra, has been defeated by the Roman emperor Aureliano (alto) because of the treachery of the governor of Palmyra, Ormonte (tenor), who hopes to marry his daughter Filidea (soprano) to the emperor.
Infuriated, Aureliano decides to put Zenobia and her son to death, but when he overhears Ormonte offer to kill him and Zenobia refuses, he thinks better of it.
Albinoni was an experienced writer of instrumental music but a newcomer to opera; the sung music he wrote consisted mostly of standard da capo arias which overall lacked great dramatic power.
It is co-produced by Geo TV and LU Pakistan It has Asim Azhar, Syra Shehroz and Haroon Shahid in starring roles.
He became an engine test engineer and product plan section chief as well as product engineering manager and other positions, and later became a company executive.
Qianqi Automobile announced that a cooperation agreement with American electric vehicle manufacturer Mullen to develop, assemble and sell the K50 in North America.
In order to start selling in North America, the K50 met the requirements of European and American countries and was recognized by relevant professional organizations for safety and reliability.
Mullen was to be responsible for American production and sales, while Qiantu was the technology exporter, and the research and development center.
It was founded by Chris Britt and Ryan King in 2013 as an alternative to traditional banks and is considered the leader in the US Challenger Bank space.
Account-holders are issued Visa debit cards and have access to an online banking system accessible through chime.com or via the mobile app for Android or iOS.
Interchange is the fee that banks charge to the merchant who processes a credit card or debit card payment in order to cover the costs associated with the authorisation and processing of card transactions.
Mouna Fettou (; February 28, 1970) is a Moroccan actress who starred in a number of movies, plays, and TV shows.
Trailing Double Trouble is a 1940 American Western film directed by S. Roy Luby and written by George H. Plympton and Oliver Drake.
Bahija Khalil (1934 – January 13, 2019) was an Iraqi archaeologist and director of the Iraq Museum from 1983 to 1989.
She became the first Iraqi archaeologist reading the scripts in Iraq and the first Iraqi student to obtain a doctorate in Archaeology from Germany.
Her position is a matter of pride in Iraq where her appointment together with many others is seen as a first for Iraq in the Arab world.
The 2019 European Youth Weightlifting Championships took place at the Leonardo Club Hotel in Eilat, Israel from 7 to 14 December 2019.
Yves Abel (born 1963) is a Canadian conductor whose focus is Italian and French opera, which he has conducted at major opera houses in Europe and the United States.
He also conducted at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Dutch National Opera in Amsterdam, in Bilbao and Lisbon, and at the Welsh National Opera, Glyndebourne Festival and Pesaro Festival.
Since 2015, Abel has been chief conductor of the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, where his contract of initially three years was extended to 2020.
Injustice is a professional wrestling stable in Major League Wrestling (MLW), which consists of Jordan Oliver, Kotto Brazil and Myron Reed.
Swann was frustrated at the referee Doug Markham's biased officiating, which led to Swann attacking him and announcer Rich Bocchini in rage.
Shortly after, Swann left MLW while Reed formed an alliance with Jordan Oliver at Kings of Colosseum where Oliver helped Reed in defeating Rey Horus.
They continued to feud with various middleweights over the next few months and defeated Gringo Loco, Puma King and Septimo Dragon in a trios match at MLW's first-ever pay-per-view event Saturday Night SuperFight.
Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary () is a wildlife sanctuary at the northern end of the Kaptai reservoir in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh.
A dam at Kaptai () was constructed as a part of Karnaphuli hydroelectric project resulting in submergence of a large portion of the sanctuary.
Records describe the presence of Tiger, two species of Rhinoceros, Banteng and Gaur in the sanctuary area which have since disappeared.
Heinrich von Wartenberg (died 26 April 1274 presumably in Arbon) was anti-abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1272 until 1274.
Bishop Eberhard of Constance gave him refuge in Arbon and pope Gregory X sent Ludwig of Dillingen as an arbitrator to settle the emerging dispute.
Sawsan Haji Taqawi (, born 24 June 1972) is a Bahraini politician and president of the Bahrain Badminton and Squash Federation.
In the 2011 Bahraini parliamentary by-election held in the aftermath of the Bahraini uprising, she was elected unopposed as an independent candidate to Bahrain's lower house of parliament representing the Northern Governorate's second district.
As an MP, she has campaigned for increasing women's rights in the country, especially allowing the children of Bahraini women and foreign fathers the right to gain Bahraini citizenship.
She was appointed to the upper house of parliament in 2014 by the King of Bahrain, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.
Cycling is being hosted at the Sahid Park, Gokarna (mountain biking) and Ring Road (road cycling) between December 4 and 7, 2019.
The film is separated into 3 different stories, a male prostitute falling in love with a violent police officer; a kind social worker falling in love with a gangster; a naive virgin falling in love with a doctor.
Ching Sing (Richard Ng) is a hardworking father, his wife died when their children was young so he spend most of his life taking care of his children.
He has 3 daughters, Ching Siu Tung (Brigitte Lin), Ching Siu Nam (Maggie Cheung), Ching Siu Sze (Chingmy Yau) and 1 son, Ching Siu Pei (Jimmy Lin).
Siu Tung, who is a police officer, meets a male prostitute called Simon Tse Sai (Tony Leung Ka-fai) because of a case.
Simon accidentally falls in love with Siu Tung and tries everything to let Siu Tung fall in love with him, after failing and embarrassing himself multiple times, Siu Tung finally falls in love with Simon.
Siu Nam on the other hand is a social worker, she meets a poor gangster called Wu Ying (Jacky Cheung) and decides to help his family, Siu Nam accidentally falls in love with Wu Ying and tries to join the underworld to be with him.
Siu Sze, who is a doctor, meets a 27 year old virgin called Lee Chi Ko (Ekin Cheng) through his mom.
Chi Ko's mom told her that he is afraid of sex and she has been trying to get Chi Ko a girlfriend for ages.
Siu Sze doesn't believe he's afraid of sex so she pranks him by tempting him to have sex, but it fails.
After they told their father Ching Sing that they are getting married, Ching Sing reveled that his long time pen pal Chi Sum Chan (Sandra Ng) is coming to Hong Kong.
Only after a few days, they had already started to hate her, it's obvious that the reason she came here was to steal money from them.
Some gangsters broke in to their house to tried and murder Siu Tung but fails, they ended up kidnapping Sum Chan and they took her away from this happy family.
On the Chinese movie review website, Douban, it received an average rating of 7.2 out of 10 based on 10435 user reviews.
In 2012, he took over the Dunaújváros third division team as main coach, winning the championship in 2013 and immediately qualifying for Nemzeti Bajnokság II.
In the 2013-2014 season, he once again performed with his team, finishing second with the Dunaújváros PASE in the second division.
The vessel has a length of 44 meters, a draft of 8 meters, and a displacement of 238 tonnes with the maximum speed of 27 knots.
She has a crew complement of 35, and is equipped with two Chinese-made C-705 missile launchers, a 30mm main gun, and two 20mm Denel Vektor GI-2 guns.
In the Western Fleet Command, she patrolled the waters around Batam and the Singapore Strait, capturing vessels without documentation or smugglers.
The 1995 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the 6th edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested between Uzbekistan, winners of the 1994 Asian Games, and Nigeria, winners of the 1994 African Cup of Nations.
Ryan Teague (born 24 January 2002) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Famalicão in the Primeira Liga.
Teague joined Sydney FC's academy at its inception, and progressed through the youth ranks, before being awarded a scholarship in September 2018.
In September 2019, along with Marco Tilio and Harry van der Saag, Teague was awarded a Hyundai A-League scholarship contract, and was promoted to the senior squad.
On 7 December 2019, Teague made his professional debut, coming off the bench for Luke Brattan in the 82nd minute of a 5-1 win over Brisbane Roar at Jubilee Stadium.
Teague was a fixture in the Joeys side from 2017 until the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup, where he captained the side to the round of 16, playing all 4 games, and culminating in a 4-0 defeat to France.
It is an initiative of Interactive Forum on Indian Economy (IFIE) followed by honorable Prime Minister of India Sri Narendra Modi & 20 other Union Ministers.
The purpose is that in the world of dazzling news of dazzling dust, the talk of the heart of the red, diligent youth of the earth and the anxiety of the future of the country may not be left behind.
The magazine Hindi edition was launched in December 26, 2018 at Vigyan Bhawan New Delhi by Vice President of India Sri Venkaiah Naidu, Justice K. G. Balakrishnan (Former Chief Justice of India), Subhash Ghai, Pahlaj Nihalani (film producer), Govinda (actor), N. Biren Singh (Chief Minister of Manipur), Ved Pratap Vaidik (journalist), and Justice Gyan Sudha Misra (Former Judge Supreme Court Of India).
Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary is a Wildlife sanctuary at the Ramgarh- Sitakunda forests , 45 km north of the Chittagong port in south-East of Bangladesh .
The sanctuary has a Tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen type of forest ; the sanctuary is covered with dense shrubby vegetation with patches of dense forest and Bamboos.
Of these, 71.6% spoke Lithuanian, 12.2% Yiddish, 6.8% Latvian, 6.5% Polish, 1.9% Russian, 0.6% German, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.
On October 26, 1851, Gjuleka was heading with 200 soldiers from Mostar when he was ambushed by Montenegrin forces led by a priest named Luka in the region of Gacko killing 25 Albanians.
According to Montenegrin folklore, a certain Zimonjic Bogdan explained to Luka where Gjuleka’s 200 men were heading who proceeded to ambushed them.
When assaulted, the Montenegrins tried to cut the bey’s head off, as were the customs of the time, but they were shot by the Albanian soldiers.
He was awarded the Military Cross in January 1943 for his efforts in the Western Desert campaign in 1942, and was mentioned in dispatches.
He went on to serve as the battalion's Commanding Officer between September 1943 and February 1944, before becoming Commanding Officer of the 25th Battalion, a post he held until June 1944.
After leaving the army, he was appointed Assistant Legal Advisor to the Western Pacific High Commission in Fiji in late 1944.
He served as a District Magistrate between 1946 and 1948, before becoming a Chief Magistrate, a post he held until relocating to Kenya to serve as a puisne judge in 1953.
MacDuff returned to Fiji in 1962 to become Chief Justice, a role he held until his death at his home in Suva the following year.
He is however best known as the first husband of the far more prominent actress Friederike Sophie Hensel, later Seyler (née Sparmann), a prominent figure in the history of theatre in the 18th century.
In 1755 he married the actress Friederike Sophie Sparmann, and they both joined the joined the troupe of Franz Schuch in Breslau at the end of the year.
In 1769 he joined the Seyler Theatre Company; finally he joined the company of Joseph Voltolini, and stayed with Voltolini until his death.
Uncharacteristic for a protestant, his funeral was carried out in a most festive way with the participation from Catholic clergy as well as actors and academics.
In the history of theatre Hensel is best known as the first husband of the actress Friederike Sophie Hensel, later Seyler, the leading German actress in the second half of the 18th century.
The 1997 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the 7th edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested between Saudi Arabia, winners of the 1996 Asian Cup, and South Africa, winners of the 1996 African Cup of Nations.
The matches were originally planned to be played in 1997, but South Africa couldn't be bothered to find time on the calendar.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Mixed Relay started on Saturday 30 November, 2019 in Östersund and will finished on Sunday 15 March, 2020 in Kontiolahti.
For every round of five targets there are eight bullets available, though the last three can only be single-loaded manually from the spare round holders or from bullets deposited by the athlete into trays or onto the mat at the firing line.
The first-leg participants all start at the same time, and as in cross-country skiing relays, every athlete of a team must touch the team's next-leg participant to perform a valid changeover.
On the first shooting stage of the first leg, the participant must shoot in the lane corresponding to their bib number (bib #10 shoots at lane #10 regardless of their position in the race), then for the remainder of the relay, the athletes shoot at the lane corresponding to the position they arrived (arrive at the range in 5th place, shoot at lane five).
The single mixed relay involves one male and one female biathlete each completing two legs consisting of one prone and one standing shoot.
The female biathletes all start the race at the same time and complete one leg before exchanging with their male counterparts who complete one leg before exchanging again with the female skier who after completing another leg switches again with the male biathlete who completes the race.
On that tour we learnt so much about ourselves, each other and the audiences we have grown with over the past 10 years.
That night was catharsis in a bottle, a rage and camaraderie that can only be obtained by spending 3 and a 1/2 months on a bus/van with 8 other people you have already spent way too much time with.
We had created something needed on that tour, by the 5 of us, our crew, anyone in that room that night or any other on the tour.
We need, as much as any others, to repeat the simple mantras from our songs to help us work through the dark and get better.
The men's beach volleyball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games took place at the Subic Tennis Court, Subic, Philippines from 29 November to 6 December 2019.
The old Malayalam inscription in Vattezhuthu script (with some Grantha characters) is engraved on the obverse side of a single granite block in the door frame of the Thirumittacode temple.
CMR Central is Center for events in the city there are many events conducted in this mall like movie success meets .
is a high ranking general officer of the French Armed Forces and the deputy to the Chief of the Defence Staff.
Major Generals are nominated by the Minister of the Armed Forces and appointed by the Commander-in-Chief, the President of the French Republic.
The major general leads the Defence Staff and is assisted by three general officers: the Under-Chief of Staff Operations (OPS), the Under-Chief of Staff Plans (PLANS) and the Under-Chief of Staff Performance (PERF).
Robert K. Bing (born July 8, 1930) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 33rd Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
In October 1956 he was admitted to Vermont's legal bar and became District Court Judge Ernest W. Gibson Jr.'s law secretary.
On February 13, 1961 the Republican city committee gave Bing the nomination for mayor and on March 7 he defeated incumbent Democratic Mayor James E. Fitzpatrick with 4,953 votes to 4,024 votes and every ward except for Ward 4-1 despite having never held an elected office nor being involved in city politics prior to the mayoral race.
In 1969 he was elected as president of the Vermont Bar Association and Governor Deane C. Davis appointed him as executive director of the Commission on Crime Control and Prevention and served until his resignation in 1971.
In 1971 he was the campaign manager of Frank Dion's unsuccessful mayoral campaign, Dion had been his campaign manager in 1961, against Gordon Paquette.
The Peekskill Valley Railroad was built by the Peekskill Iron Company in 1873, from their furnaces, at Peekskill, Westchester county, to a point on the Hudson River Railroad, over a distance of seven miles.
The gauge of this railway was , and was at its time of construction the narrowest freight carrier in the USA.
According to other sources, high grade iron ore from the Croft or Indian Lake Mines was extracted and transported by narrow gauge railway down Canopus Valley to the Peekskill Blast Furnace of the Empire State Iron Works at Annsville Creek from 1878 to 1887.
The settlement lies close to the road to Greenock and is named after the bay where the Skelmorlie Burn flows into the Firth of Clyde.
In the 1750s a mill stood close to the Meigle Burn and Skelmorlie Water, the mills presence surviving as the place-name 'Millburn'.
In 1855-57 Meagle (sic) consisted of a cottage house and buildings leased by the late A.H.Campbell Esq from the Earl of Glasgow.
Meagle (sic) was an ordinary country school without an endowment, its costs being covered by voluntary Contributions and by the pupils parents.
In 1876 a chapel was built, using the medium of mass concrete, as a gift from the Stewart sisters of Ashcraig House.
In 1855 a new road had been built close to the coast and Bridgend House and its grounds stand on the old toll road route.
In 1909 the post office is no longer shown on OS maps, but a letter box is present as it still is.
The old road in the 1750s from Largs to Greenock via Inverkip used to run mainly inland, close to Skelmorlie Castle on its eastern side, crossing a rather narrow Bridge over Skelmorlie Water and then running further inland via Knock Castle to Largs, Irvine, etc.
With the establishment of the coast road a new bridge was built over the Skelmorlie Water and the old bridge and that section of the old road became an entrance to Bridgend House.
The 1832 Thomson's map shows the new coastal toll road with a new bridge at Meagle (sic) named Haining Bridge End.
Smith records that despite the serpentine shape it is a natural stratified structure formed from stratified deposits on the old raised beach eroded by streams that run on either side.
A Dr Phenè discovered this structure and excavations revealed a paved platform shaped like a segment of a circle, together with many bones and charcoal.
As stated, the mound itself may well be entirely natural; however, the paved platform is a genuine artifact; it is not listed by the relevant authorities.
The Meigle hamlet in North Ayrshire that has links with the Scandinavian influences that are common on the west coast of Scotland, is thought to be derived from the Norse ' mjo gil' meaning 'narrow gill' or 'narrow opening'.
Creonte, king of Egypt is at war with Artaserse, King of Persia, but Artaserse’s son prince Laoconte is in love with Edessa, daughter of Creonte.
Edessa in turn falls in love with him; she escapes from court and attempts to flee with him to Lydia but they are shipwrecked and seized by pirates.
Carlo Andrea Clerici (Creonte), Carlo Antonio Riccardi (Odelinda), Francesco Castelli (Edessa), Giovanni Battista Pezzali (Eumene/Filandro), Pauolo Castelli (Laoconte), Giorgio Martinelli (Arsace), Francesco Folchi (Aristone), Giovanni Matteo Gentilini (Attamone), Francesco Orsi (Cleante), Federico Sudari (Mirtesia), Francesco Bardi (Stasiclea), Pauolo Pasquale (Chino), Stefano Odoardi (Idragorre).
Captain Kenneth Mackenzie, 2nd of Suddie was a Scottish soldier who was killed at the Battle of Mulroy in 1688 whilst commanding Government troops against rebel Scottish clans.
Kenneth Mackenzie of Suddie served as a Captain in Dumbarton's Regiment in France in 1666, and later as a Royalist in Scotland.
He was made commander of an Independent Highland Company raised to help keep order in the Highlands on behalf of the Scottish Government, and in 1685, had received instructions from the Privy Council of Scotland to step-up more aggressive and punitive action against the caterans and broken men.
They had been so successful in this task that it was recommended that another Independent Highland Company should be set up to help keep the peace in the south.
In 1688, the Privy Council ordered Mackenzie of Suddie and his company to support Mackintosh of Mackintosh in his feud against MacDonald of Keppoch.
He was killed fighting against the MacDonalds in the subsequent Battle of Mulroy in August 1688, and his Independent Highland Company suffered very heavy losses.
The first aired from October 17, 2010 until January 16, 2011, and the second from April 2, 2014 until June 18, 2014.
In every circle branded by the artistic, athletic or even television scene, they duet with a renowned professional singer and prepare a live song every week.
The duets are rated by the jury from 1 to 10 for their performance, while still receiving positive votes from the television audience throughout the episode.
In the backstage, Doukissa Nomikou was in the first season, Dimitris Ouggarezos in the second season, and Vicky Kavoura in the third season.
The third competition weekend of the 2019–20 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held at the Alau Ice Palace in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, from Friday, 6 December, until Sunday, 8 December 2019.
It has been responsible for the governance of amateur snooker in England since June 2019, when a resolution was passed by the English Association of Snooker and Billiards (EASB) to transfer its assets and operations to the EPSB.
Of these, 72.3% spoke Lithuanian, 13.2% Yiddish, 10.0% Polish, 4.1% Russian, 0.2% German, 0.1% Belarusian, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
A referendum concerning the reduction of the members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was put to voters on 16 December 1904, in conjunction with the 1903 federal election.
The proposed districts were published BY the commissioners on 18 March 1904, and the final districts were published on 22 April 1904.
Walter started playing hockey at Frankenthal and in 2007 he switched to Dürkheimer HC, who he left in 2009 for Mannheimer HC.
He plays as a back row for the Old Glory DC in Major League Rugby, previously playing for the San Diego Legion in Major League Rugby & Edinburgh in the Pro14.
Matushevitz received her Master of Fine Arts at the University of Miami, in Coral Gables, FL and her Bachelor of the Arts at the California State University, Northridge.
She also showed internationally in Buenos Aires, Caracas, Madrid and Xalapa, as well as in New York before moving to Las Vegas.
Her works are included in the permanent collections of the Museum of Art and History (MOAH), Lancaster, CA; Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas; Las Vegas Art Museum at the Marjorie Barrick Museum of Art, University of Nevada, Las Vegas; and Enter Art Foundation.
The B-bar was a Morse code sequence that was used by German military submarines (U-boats) during World War 2 at the beginning of all their radio transmissions.
In December 2019, an Indonesian migrant worker, author, and reporter Yuli Riswati, reported that she was strip-searched by a male doctor at CIC.
Intimidation Games (2019) was the second professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on March 2, 2019 at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois.
The main event of the live broadcast was a steel cage match, in which Tom Lawlor retained the MLW World Heavyweight Championship against Low Ki.
The undercard featured a lucha libre tag team match between The Lucha Brothers (Pentagon Jr. and Rey Fenix) and Team AAA (Laredo Kid and Taurus).
The event also featured the television debut of Contra Unit and marked the beginning of the lengthy rivalry between Tom Lawlor and Contra Unit.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
At SuperFight, Tom Lawlor cashed in his Battle Riot opportunity to defeat Low Ki to win the MLW World Heavyweight Championship.
On February 13, MLW.com reported that Low Ki's manager Salina de la Renta had invoked a rematch clause for Low Ki at Intimidation Games, where Lawlor would defend the title against Low Ki in a steel cage match.
On February 11, MLW.com announced that Lucha Brothers would be facing Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide representatives Laredo Kid and Taurus in a lucha libre tag team match at Intimidation Games.
The first match was a lucha libre tag team match between The Lucha Brothers (Pentagon Jr. and Rey Fenix) and Team AAA (Laredo Kid and Taurus).
Near the climax of the match, both men fought on the cage top and tried to escape the cage and traded punches and kicks until both of them fell to the floor but Lawlor's feet touched first and he was declared as the winner.
After the match, Lawlor's former teammate Simon Gotch attacked him and the debuting Jacob Fatu and Josef Samael joined Gotch in attacking Lawlor and the three declared themselves Contra Unit and covered Lawlor in a customized Contra flag.
Contra Unit began a lengthy feud with Tom Lawlor, which resulted in the group attacking him on many occasions over the next few months.
In 1914, he succeeded Mãe Hosana (who had succeeded Mãe Luisa), when he was about 60 years old, and devoted himself entirely to the house.
Known for its generosity, she was much sought after by people from various cities of Maranhão, even in case of illness, as there was a garden with medicinal plants in the temple.
Several friends sent groceries to the Casa das Minas, and Mother Andressa ordered to distribute the leftover food so that they did not spoil.
She raised Maneco, chief player of the House; Dona Amância, head of the House between 1972 and 1976; and Dona Deni, chief between 1997 and 2015.
In the Estado Novo, there were persecutions of the terreiros in São Luís and attempts to transfer them to the outskirts of the city.
However, Governor Paulo Ramos authorized the Casa das Minas and the Casa de Nagô to remain because they are very old.
For the last 20 years of her life, she was visited by several Brazilian and foreign journalists and researchers, who interviewed her and she provided information about the worship and the history of the temple.
She died on April 20, 1954, on a Holy Thursday, after directing the House for four decades, and there was a year's mourning in the temple.
Tonteldoos is a village in Limpopo Province, South Africa, southeast of Roossenekal and 20 km northwest of Dullstroom, between the two mountains Steenkampsberg and Mapochsberg.
It is part of the Mapoch (Southern Ndebele people) land seized by poor settlers in 1883 after the Mapoch War against King Nyabêla.
These farms are located above the Transvaal Supergroup, 2.5-billion-year-old rocks, while the western side of the valley is part of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, which is around 2 billion years old.
On the eastern slopes, there is nothing but pure grassveld since it is too cold for trees save for a few stray, stunted shrubs.
At the time, the standard method was to mark a central point, usually the homestead itself, and time horse rides to various points at the edge of the property.
He bought it sight unseen and therefore was unaware that he was buying Mapoch land, which King Nyabêla reported to the magistrate in Lydenburg.
Henrique Shepstone, the British Secretary of Native Affairs, visited with Nyabêla in July 1880 to resolve the situation, and with the failure of these negotiations a Mapoch Commission was appointed.
The First Boer War and the Mapoch War rendered the points moot, and O’Grady would settle the farm in July 1883, albeit elbow to elbow with poor whites both beyond and within Houtenbek’s western fringe.
A clay house was finished in 1894, and the first year recorded him moving 158 cattle, 1,400 sheep, three horses, and 513 goats from the sweetveld to the laeveld in the winter, as was the custom at the time.
At the outbreak of the Second Boer War, O’Grady was too old to fight, but his son Thomas Frederick enlisted in the Boer Commandos.
It was designed by the late Francois Viljoen and patterned off that of the old Tonteldoos school, with the addition of trout and Mapoch lilies.
Sekhukhuneland, for instance, is home to more than fifty species endemic plant species, and includes the northern side of the Tonteldoos Valley.
In the old days, each farm would have several peach trees on it, usually clingstone peaches that ripened with the New Year, prompting a rush to dry and sell them.
Since the road through Tonteldoos from Boomkraal to Pospaal was often muddy in the rainy season, they could easily keep watch for slow-moving customs officials through a system where small boys with mirrors would carry night traffic after the police had gone to bed.
Dednam of Laersdrif set out to end the moonshine industry in the Mapoch area by buying out all the boilers at a high price only to destroy them.
The distillers gave him the money hoping to buy better boilers, but there would only be two quality ones in town by 2000 in Tonteldoos: Coen Swart of Ebenhaezer, Welgelukt, & Zwartdam, who made orange brandy; and Johann Dietlof Kunneke of Kristalwater, who distilled many fruits until the excise team caught him.
The west wall is probably of 12th century origin, but the remainder of the church was rebuilt in the early 13th century.
Bagnall from Dublin, studied at the National Film School at the Dún Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology gaining a degree in Animation.
Anna Lanning (born March 25 1994) is an Australian cricketer who plays for the Melbourne Renegades in the Women's Big Bash League.
Lanning's first match for the Renegades in the 2019-20 season, which was her debut for the team, she scored 73 in a player of the match performance.
Stories broken by Mingjing News include predicting appointments to the Chinese Communist Party's Politburo Standing Committee in 2012, and reporting the revelations surrounding Zhou Yongkang in 2014.
Born in Florence to Luigi and Assunta Papini, he graduated in literature from the Istituto di studi superiori di Firenze in 1902 and dedicated his life to archival research and study of the arts, which remained central to his work throughout his life.
From 1904 onwards he was inspector extraordinary to the Regie Gallerie in Florence then director of the Museo nazionale del Bargello from 1906 onwards and of the Uffizi from 1912 onwards.
It had been stolen by Vincenzo Peruggia who hoped to sell it on and got in touch with Poggi, who in turn contacted the Florentine art dealer Alfredo Geri to verify the work's authenticity.
Poggi also put in place a plan to protect and safeguard Florence's artworks after Italy's entry into the Second World War in 1940, identifying several safe locations to host the objects and thus ensuring they remained undamaged by bombing and out of reach of Nazi looting.
He retired in 1949 after reaching the age limit for his roles but the Comune di Firenze decided it wished him to continue overseeing the institutes and monuments relating to his own subject areas.
He was involved in operations in the Battle of Khorramshahr and Siege of Abadan, and lost his life on October 26, 1980 due to collision of a mortar shell in Abadan, Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran.
After 18 months of rigorous and intensive commando training in Iran, led by Royal Marines Base Commanders, Safa was selected as the top person in Special Operations and for initial training, he was sent to the Royal Marines Command Base in England.
Outside of Iran, he spent one year for commando training courses such as S. P. S., Tank Hunting, Parachuting, Tarzan Japanese Special Courses, Martial courses included Judo, Kung Fu and Land, Sea and Air combat courses.
Safa was selected to lead the Special Operations Command and was sent to the Royal Marines Command Base, England, along with eight others to continue specialized training.
After training in various courses in the United States, he received a specialized commando specialty, Destruction of Warships, for the first time among Iranian.
Since he had a strong interest in the homeland and serving the Iranian people, so returned to the country and in the first act, began to train Iranian commandos at the Army Naval Command Base in Bushehr.
In the first days of the victory of the Iranian Revolution when the country was in a special situation and the counter-revolutionary people were chanting around the corner, Mohammad Ali also defended the revolution along with the revolutionary people.
In May 1979, when Khorramshahr was threatened by counter-revolutionary forces and separatist rebels, Mohammad Ali Safa went to Khorramshahr as Commander of Iranian Navy Special Commandos with help of Mohammad Jahanara.
They cleared Khorramshahr from armed counter-revolutionaries that has advanced weapons, but Mohammad Ali Safa was shot and wounded in the abdomen during clashes with counter-revolutionary forces.
After being injured, Mohammad Ali was taken to hospital and after three surgeries, some parts of his intestines was removed, but with his strong morale, he was able to regain his health.
He believed he had to use his expertise that earns in several different countries to serve the country and train the army.
In the Iran-Iraq War, Mohammad Ali Safa along with the other commanders of Bushehr Navy, destroyed 164 of the T-72 and Type 74 tanks held by the Iraqi Army.
They pushed the Iraqi army back and due to the heavy damage inflicted on Saddam's tanks by the Iran's Navy commandos, he named Khorramshahr as cemetery of his tanks division.
Mohammad Ali Safa was martyred on 26 October 1980 as a result of a mortar explosion and a gunshot wound to the forehead, leg and side.
After death of Mohammad Ali Safa, a letter of condolence was sent from the Royal Marines Command Base of United Kingdom to Iran, expressing sympathy for the death of Mohammad Ali Safa, announced that the flag of Royal Marines Command Base was half-raised for three days because of his death.
After the death of Mohammad Ali Safa, a statue was erected at the Royal Marines Base and its flag was half-raised for three days.
In 2013, a documentary film about Mohammad Ali Safa's biography was produced in Iran by Department of Preservation and Dissemination of Holy Defense Values of North Khorasan.
Ilse Getz (born Ilse Bechhold; 24 October 1917 – 4 December 1992) was a German-born American painter and collagist active in New York and Newtown, Connecticut, from the 1950s through the 1980s.
She exhibited at several galleries in New York City including the Bertha Schaefer Gallery and Rosenberg Gallery, as well as in Europe, namely in Switzerland, Germany, France and United Kingdom.
Later in life, Getz suffered from advanced Alzheimer’s disease and Danes feared that he would no longer be able to properly care for his wife.
In 1942 Getz created her first oil painting while visiting her sister in Mexico and by 1945 she had her first exhibition at the Norlyst Gallery in New York.
As a result of solo shows in New York at the Bertha Schaefer Gallery (1957-1958), Stephen Radich Gallery (1960), and inclusion in numerous important group exhibitions, Getz enjoyed a secure reputation as painter, when, in 1959, she included the assemblage, or collage construction, to the scope of her work.
Some of her three-dimensional works were exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts in Phoenix, Arizona, the Neuberger Museum in Purchase and the Alex Rosenberg Gallery in Manhattan.
Retrospective exhibitions of Getz’s work were also held at the Kunsthalle Nürnberg in 1978 and at the Goethe House, New York in 1980.
Recently her works were included in group exhibitions at Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College (2008-2009), Pavel Zoubok Art Gallery, New York (2014, 2016) and Invisible-Exports, East, New York (2016).
Her works are in the collections of Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Philadelphia Museum of Art, New-York Historical Society Museum & Library, Hopkings Center at Dartmouth College, the Kunsthalle, Nuremberg, and the Tel Aviv Museum in Israel among others.
A total of 16 Indonesian futsal clubs will compete for the championship of this competition, with four clubs coming from the 2019 Nusantara Futsal League semifinalists.
Regular season (group stage) began from December 7, 2019 to March 22, 2020, while the Big Four (final series) took place on March 28 and 29, 2020 in Yogyakarta.
Simona Nicoleta Lazăr is a Romanian poet, writer, journalist, food critic, gastronom, publisher and author of cookbooks, member of the Union of Professional Journalists of Romania (UZP) and of the Association of Journalists and Writers of Tourism of Romania (AJTR).
He was killed by militants in Amritsar on 26 September 1990 when he was on his way to see his new-born daughter.
Wilhelm Martin Luther (27 November 1912 – 2 June 1962) was a German librarian, musicologist and director of the Göttingen State and University Library.
He entered the academic library service in 1939; after his subject examination in 1941 at the Berlin State Library he worked at the Göttingen University Library.
Luther was particularly committed to the re-establishment of the German [interlibrary loan] after the end of the Second World War and to (central) cataloguing.
He also founded the Niedersächsische Zentralkatalog, set up the Göttingen journal reference and pushed for a reworking of the Göttingen .
In addition to his work in the library, he was also active in teaching and published several articles on library science and librarianship.
In 1959 he was appointed honorary professor in Göttingen, where he taught general bibliography and documentation, library science and history of science.
In 1961 he was elected chairman of the VDB, but had to resign after only a few months due to a serious illness.
William Donaldson (20 January 1920–1977) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue and Mansfield Town.
John Gardener (died 1402), of New Romney, Kent was a Member of Parliament for New Romney in 1395, 1399 and 1401.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Sprint Women started on 1 December 2019 in Östersund and will finished on 20 March 2020 in Oslo.
Mzwandile Collen Masina (born 2 September 1963) is a South African politician from Gauteng who has been serving as the Executive Mayor of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since 2016.
He is a member of the African National Congress (ANC) and the party's Ekurhuleni chairperson, elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018.
From 2014 to 2016, he served as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa and the Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry.
Yasmine d'Ouezzan (born 9 January 1913 in Saint-Étienne, France, died 11 January 1997 in Paris, France) was a French carom billiards player.
An National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) district association is active in the district as well as actors of the Network of Free Nationalistic Forces.
The attacks affected district politicians of the left and the SPD, trade unionists, a bookseller, artists and people working for refugees.
Tribute to Caesar is a fresco measuring 502x536 cm by Andrea del Sarto and Alessandro Allori in the central hall of the villa medicea di Poggio a Caiano, Province of Prato, Italy.
Andrea del Sarto's work shows a laurel-wreathed Julius Caesar receiving ambassadors, with Caesar as a symbol or 'stand-in' for Lorenzo de' Medici.
The animals brought by the ambassadors include (left background) the famous Medici giraffe, given to the family in 1487, possibly by Qaitbay, Sultan of Egypt.
The work was originally in a trompe l'oeil loggia enclosed with columns, but by 1575 this scheme had begun to look limiting and other scenes had been added to most of the walls.
del Sarto's fresco was thus extended by about a third on its right-hand side in 1582 by Alessandro Allori, from the statue of Abundance to the child with a turkey on the steps.
Oliver Casey (born 14 October 2000), sometimes known as Olly Casey, is an English association footballer who plays as a centre-back for Leeds United.
After impressing for Leeds' under 18s and under 23s, he signed a two-year professional contract with Leeds United in November 2018, making his professional debut on 7 December 2019 as an 85th-minute substitute for Mateusz Klich in a 2–0 victory at Huddersfield.
The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army, that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.
The battalion's name, like the names of all Alpini battalions raised before World War I, was the name of the location where the battalion was based; in the Tirano battalion's case the village of Tirano in the Valtellina valley.
The Tirano battalion's history is intertwined with the history of the 5th Alpini Regiment, with which it served in World War I and in World War II.
The 150 survivors of the Tirano battalion were repatriated in spring 1943 and garrisoned in the village of Mühlbach in South Tyrol.
After Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, regiment and battalion were disbanded by the Germans.
During the 1975 army reform the 5th Alpini was disbanded on 30 November 1975 and its battalions came under the direct command of the Orobica brigade.
The two Gold Medals of Military Valour and the Messina earthquake Medal of Merit awarded to the 5th Alpini Regiment, were duplicated for the new flag of the Tirano battalion, and the Bronze Medal of Civil Valour awarded to the Tirano battalion for its work after the Gleno Dam disaster was transferred from the flag of the 5th Alpini to the Tirano's flag.
With the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to downsize its forces and on 27 March 1991 the Tirano was disbanded and its flag transferred to the shrine of the flags at the Vittoriano in Rome.
John Godard (fl.1377-1402) of Sandwich, Kent was an English Member of Parliament for Sandwich January 1377, 1386, 1395, January 1397, 1399 and 1402.
Ramadan Miah Jame Mosque, or Ramzan Mia Jame Masjid (, ), and more popularly known as Chowdhury Mosjid (, ), is a mosque in the Noakhali District of Bangladesh.
The existence of such an ancient mosque was not widely known to the general public until it was brought forward to Kabirhat's upazila nirbahi officer, Shariful Islam.
It was established by Shaykh Noor Ullah Chowdhury and Shaykh Mujeer Ullah Chowdhury, the ancestors of the current chairman of the mosque, Khwaja Mu'in ad-Din Chowdhury.
In 1994, Mannino pleaded guilty to drug trafficking and conspiring to murder Francesco Oliveri in 1988, and was sentenced 15 years in prison.
The 1994 plea followed a 1993 trial in which John Gambino, Joseph Gambino and Matteo Romano were co-defendants, which ended in mistrial in June 1993 when the jury was unable to reach a verdict.
Salvatore Gravano testified to the participation of John, Joseph and Mannino in the murder of Oliveri, to a racketeering enterprise and the Gambino crime family's rule against drugs.
In March 2019, Gambino soldier Paul Semplice, 55, was given a 28-month prison term for running a loan-sharking operation, after pleading guilty in October 2018 to loaning money to a stressed-out business owner and a gambling addict who wound up dying from a stroke.
Semplice described beating one victim in a wire-tapped call, and told a cooperating witness during a wiretapped call that Mannino was his supervisor.
She was President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 2000 to 2003, the first woman to lead the representative body.
She was then Headteacher of the Jews' Free School, London, from 1985 to 1993, and Chief Executive of Lennox Lewis College (founded by the eponymous boxer) from 1994 to 1996.
In the 1993 New Year Honours, Wagerman was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in recognition of her work as Headteacher of the Jews' Free School.
Rugby X, is a variant of rugby union or more precisely rugby sevens in which teams are made up of five players, typically three forwards and two backs.
The game was invented by Ben Ryan as variant of rugby sevens with more speed and action, and was first launched on 29 October 2019 as a six teams international tournament in The O2 Arena, London.
The project was initially launched by Ben Ryan, former Olympic gold medalist Fiji's coach, with the cooperation of both World Rugby and RFU; the first tournament being held in London, England.
Sir John Godard (c.1346-1392), of Bransholme, Yorkshire was a Member of Parliament for [{Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Yorkshire]] in 1386 and 1391.
It was first published in the United States as a paperback original in April 2018 by Ace Books, and in the United Kingdom by Gollancz.
An audio edition of the book was published in April 2018 in the United States by Tantor Audio, and in the United Kingdom by Orion Publishing.
She wanted to address the subject of memory, how people process it, and how it affects their perceptions of reality and mental illness.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Porc-Épic River is a tributary of the Malbaie River, flowing into the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Most of the Porc-Épic River flows into the territory of the Zec des Martres, except for the last before reaching its mouth.
The hydrographic slope of the Porc-Épic River is served mainly by a secondary forest road that goes up this valley for forestry and recreational tourism purposes.
The surface of the Porc-Épic River is usually frozen from early December to late March, however, safe ice movement is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
From the confluence of the Porc-Épic River, the current flows down the Malbaie River to east, then south-east, which flows over the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River.
It stars twin brothers Pankaja Wickramarathna and Pansilu Wickramarathna in lead child roles with Jackson Anthony, Kaushalya Fernando and Hemasiri Liyanage in supportive roles.
The film received positive reviews from critics and has been selected for more than 60 official award selections at international film festivals.
The film won the First Time Director (Feature), Best Narrative Feature and Best Picture awards at the Festigious International Film Festival in Los Angeles.
At the same festival, Pansilu Wickramaratna won the Best Young Actor award and Kaushalya Fernando won the Best Supporting Actress award.
The film won the titles of Best Supporting Actor by Jackson Anthony, Best Cinematographer by Palitha Perera, Best Director by Lalith Ratnayake and Best Narrative Film at Asian Cinematography International Film Festival in the Philippines.
In January 2020, Jackson Anthony won the award for the Best supporting actor at Fox International Film Festival held at Kolkata, India.
In the 2017–18 season, Espérance Sportive de Tunis is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 63rd season, as well as the Tunisian Cup.
The history of air traffic control in the United Kingdom began in the late 1950s, and early 1960s, when an integrated and coordinated system began, once radar had become sufficiently advanced to allow this.
Four new radar centres would be built; previous to this, ATC personnel received aircraft positional information over the radio from pilots, not from any radar.
On Monday 10 December 1962, Julian Amery, the Minister for Aviation, announced the new National Air Traffic Control Services, with a central controller.
ATC personnel were represented by the Institution of Professional Civil Servants, which became Institution of Professionals, Managers and Specialists in 1989.
The Central Air Traffic Control School trained military ATC personnel from 1963; the first women ATC trainees began later in 1963.
On Friday 20 December 1968, an agreement was signed to build Europe's first international control centre at Maastricht, to open in 1972, called the Maastricht Automatic Data Processing system or MADAP, which is now called the Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre; for the site, Plessey would built two computers, the controllers' consoles and a radar distribution unit.
The 2020 Tour de Romandie is a road cycling stage race, that will take place between 28 April and 3 May 2020 in Switzerland.
It will be the 74th edition of the Tour de Romandie and the 20th race of the 2020 UCI World Tour.
Josephine Mathias (born 16 December 1999) is a Nigerian women's football midfielder, who played in the Turkish Women's First Football League for Trabzon İdmanocağı with jersey number 16.
By March 2018, she moved to Turkey and joined Trabzon İdmanocağı to play in the 2017-18 Turkish Women's First Football League.
She was a member of the Nigeria women's national football team at the 2020 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament matches between August and October 2019.
The coat of arms of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship is a crowned white eagle in the red field with a golden band ending with a three-leafed triangle over the wings, with the same beak, tongue, and claws.
The authors of the coat of arms are Wojciech Drelicharz and Zenon Piech from the Department of History Auxiliary Sciences of the Jagiellonian University.
This coat of arms refers to the coat of arms of the Cracow Voivodeship of the First Republic of Poland, which was created already during the reign of Casimir III the Great in the 14th century.
The stylization of the eagle refers to the Renaissance form when the coat of arms of the voivodeship began to be distinguished from the state one.
The Stockton & Ione Railroad Company was incorporated in 1873 to construct a narrow gauge railway from Stockton, California northwestward via Linden, California to Ione City in Amador county, covering a distance of miles.
The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army, that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.
The battalion's name, like the names of all Alpini battalions raised during World War I with first line reservists, was the name of a valley near the active battalion's base; in the Val Chiese battalion's case the Chiese valley, which extends to the north from Vestone.
Initially the battalion fielded the 253rd and 254th Alpini companies, and received the 255th Alpini Company on 8 July 1915 after Italy's full mobilization after the country's entry into the war.
The Val Chiese battalion's history is intertwined with the history of the 5th Alpini Regiment, with which it served during World War I.
The battalion was reformed on 1 September 1939 and participated in the Italian invasion of France in June and July 1940.
However as the Greco-Italian War has grind to a halt in the Pindus mountains the battalion was already raised again in December 1940 and sent on 14 January 1941 to Albania, where it joined the 11th Alpini Regiment.
In July 1942 the Tridentina was assigned to the Italian Army in Russia and sent to the Eastern Front, where regiment and battalion barely escaped annihilation during the Battle of Nikolayevka in January 1943.
The survivors of the Val Chiese battalion were repatriated in spring 1943 and garrisoned in the city of Sterzing in South Tyrol.
After Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, regiment and battalion were disbanded by the Germans.
The fortifications the Val Chiese would man in case of war with the Warsaw Pact had been build as Alpine Wall in the early stages of World War II.
After the battalion was disbanded its war flag was transferred to the shrine of the flags at the Vittoriano in Rome.
The course of this river flows into the Saint Lawrence River in the village of Port au Persil, northeast of the city of La Malbaie.
The upper part of the valley of this watercourse is served by Route 138 along the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River.
However, this road spans the river from Port aux Persil to land in order to get around the coast near the river.
The riparian zone is served by the Port-au-Persil road which spans the Port-au-Persil River, near its confluence with the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Piers Andrew Charles Wauchope (born 1956 or 1957) is a British politician and barrister who served as interim leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) during 2019, following the resignation of Gerard Batten.
In the 2012 United Kingdom local elections, Wauchope ran as a UKIP candidate and won the Rusthall electoral ward seat in Tunbridge Wells Borough Council.
In November 2012, he stood to be the first police and crime commissioner for Kent, but was eliminated in the first round of voting.
On 28 March 1947, she was allocated to Sword Line, Inc. On 7 July 1948, she was allocated to the South Atlantic Steamship Line, for transfer to the Beaumont Reserve Fleet, in Beaumont, Texas.
It is located on a hill Javorca (571 meters) above the Polog plateau, and is about 8 km distance from the village.
Near the church is located Blek's farmhouse, which was renovated in the year 1998, after the earthquake in Posočje, but doesn't have any residents.
Access to the church is on the road from Zatolmin, which goes steep above the Tolminka river and crosses several smaller streams and smaller waterfalls.
Church of the Holy Spirit on Javorca was built between 1 March 1916 and 1 November 1916 in the times of Battles of the Isonzo.
It was designed by Vienna's architect and lieutenant Remigius Geyling an Austrian painter, who was friend of Gustav Klimt in Vienna.
The church was built in solidarity within the 3rd mountain brigade of the Austro-Hungarian army and various soldiers who were there at the times of the Battles of the Isonzo.
Memorial church is built mostly from wood: altar, ceiling and walls into which are engraved the names of the 2808 fallen soldiers.
The memorial church of the Holy Spirit on Javorca in the valley of the Tolminka river has a sign of the European Heritage Label since the year 2018, joining the 38 similar monuments in Europe.
He is recorded to have served Pompey during his Sicilian command in 81 BC at the end of Sulla's Second Civil War.
When Pompey sailed to Africa, to fight the remnants of the Cinna-Marian faction under Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, he put his brother-in-law in command of Sicily.
During the Sertorian War he first served the proconsul Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius who was given the command against the Roman rebel Quintus Sertorius on the Iberian Peninsula.
When Pompey was sent to support Metellus against Sertorius in 76 BC, Memmius was transferred to Pompey's army and served his brother-in-law as a quaestor.
Pompey sent Memmius, accompanied by the able Spaniard Balbus, with a fleet to try and take New Carthage, secure it as a base, and from there move up the coast.
Memmius was immediately blockaded in the city, probably by Sertorius's pirate allies, and was unable to play his part in the campaign.
In 75 BC at the Battle of Saguntum he was killed during the early stages of the battle when Sertorius launched an ad hominem attack at Pompey trying to decapitate the Pompeian army; Pompey survived the attack, Memmius died defending his brother-in-law.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences, Regional Medical Coordinator of the United Nations (UN) on Azerbaijan, Member of the Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Study of Childhood and Adolescent Development and Death, Medical Director of Reference Group Leyla Medical Center, Member of the Board of Directors.
In the period of 1982-1988, she studied at the Faculty of Pediatrics of Azerbaijan Medical University and graduated with a diploma of honors.
She continued her education from 1988 to 1990 at the Perinatology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Neonatology and Clinical Internship.
In 1994-1997, she was a PhD candidate at the Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K.Y.Farajova and successfully obtained the doctorate.
She started her career at the Intensive Care Unit at the Baku Emergency Medical Hospital as an Operational Nurse in the period of 1985-1987.
In the period of 1988-1990 she moved to Russia and worked as a clinical intern in the Intensive Care Unit of the Central Perinatology Institute.
In connection with the need for staff, Sevda Jafarova returned to Azerbaijan and in the period of 1990-1992 she was appointed as a child and adolescent health inspector at the Baku Main Health Department.
In the period of 1992-1994 she worked as a Reanimatologist at the Intensive Care Unit of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital.
During the years of 1994-1997, she was PhD candidate (PhD education) at the Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K.Y.Farajova.
Then she stepped to the private health care sector in 1998-2004 and started to work as a pediatrician in the MediClub Emergency Medical Service.
And since March 2019, she is a Medical Director of Leyla Medical Center and a member of the Board of Directors.
Sevda Jafarova has successfully represented her country and has been awarded various international certificates while addressing major international congresses focused on medicine in many countries around the globe.
In 2017, she was awarded the honorary diploma for her participation in the Special American Business Internship Training (SABIT) program of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the United States of America.
Abstractive book Third regional congress of pediatrics of central Asia and Turkey with international participation Almaty, September 23-27 1996, page 186.
Osmolarity discrimination as a standard for severe conditions of newborns in the intercranial hemorrhage (international congress of pediatrics) 12-17 october 1996, page 842, Tegeran.
Disorders osmohomeostasis in the intercranial hemorrhage in newborns and method of its infusion correction (abstract book 4 regional congress of pediatric of Turkish speaking countries with international participation, September 21-25, 1997 Baku, page 122.
Osmoregulating function of the kidneys in newborns with intercranial hemorrhage, (abstract book 4 regional congress of pediatric of Turkish speaking countries with international participation), September 21-25, page 129.
Combination of clinical osmometric and neyrosonographic values as severity of pereventricular hemorrhage in newborns, Azerbaijan Medical Journal, 1997, N 5, page 32-35.
Deepak Kannal (born 1949) is an Indian art historian, sculptor and a former professor at the Department of Art History and Aesthetics, Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat where he also served as dean and head of the department.
His dance drama named ‘Dipta Kailasa’ narrating the history of Kailasanatha monolith of Ellora and the myths associated with it was performed at Ellora, in the vicinity of the caves.
He has written about it in one of the volumes of the journal Nirukta which was also edited by him and has delivered several lectures on the subject.
He proposes that the depiction is a political allegory and it shows the conflict between Ceta Kharavela of eastern India and Simuka Satavahana of Deccan.
He interprets the many other figures in this sculpture allegorically, for instance, the 'mouse headed woman', he says, is the personification of the city which is being routed by Kharavela on the other site, the Bodhi tree and the rejoicing around it shows Satakarni's victory.
He has organized and participated in many National/Inter National seminars, has delivered series of lectures for coveted institutes in India, US and UK and was invited on prestigious chairs instituted by various Academies, Museums and Universities.
He is a recipient of a number of awards, scholarships and distinctions in Sculpture, Theatre and Art History including the Charles Wallace fellowship for his post doctoral project at Cambridge (1992), UK, National Lalit kala honorable mention, A.P.
Council National award, The Gujarat Gaurav Puraskar, Raja Ravi Verma Samman and the Tagore National Fellowship in 2018 under which, he is working on the correspondence between Indian Linguistic Theories and Indian sculpture.
He wrote a play titled 'Jogidas Khamun', which was performed by Fine Art Natak Kampani, Tathagat, Faculty of Fine Arts, Baroda.
The 2019–20 DPR Korea Premier Football League is the third season of the reformed DPR Korea Premier Football League, the top North Korean association football league, to use a home-and-away format.
Note: The following table is compiled from known results reported in the news media, and may not align with the official table.
Shemari Bryan (born 9 February 2002) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a defender for Roaring Lions FC and the Anguilla national football team.
Bryan made his senior international debut on 12 October 2019 in a 5-0 defeat to Guatemala during the CONCACAF Nations League.
Ian Levine and Fiachra Trench wrote this song specifically for the London gay club Heavenm, where Levine worked as a DJ.
The Rivière du Gouffre is a tributary of the left bank of the Saint-Laurent river, flowing into the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, Quebec (Canada).
The Zec des Martres attracts tens of thousands of visitors each year, particularly because of its mountain trails offering splendid views of the Gouffre River Valley, as well as sport fishing.
The Gouffre River has its source at Lac du Cœur (length: altitude: ), in the County of Charlevoix West, in the Zec des Martres which is located east of the Grands-Jardins National Park and west of Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park.
In addition to the confluence of the Rivière du Gouffre, the main rivers flowing over this strike are (from west to east): Verreault Creek, Moulin River (Baie-Saint-Paul), Middle Creek, Vases River, Rang Saint-Laurent Creek, Lucien Creek and Bois Blanc Creek.
Its name refers to the whirlpool that forms at the foot of Cap aux Corbeaux, downstream from the confluence of the river Gouffre, and which was a source of terror for sailors.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, sport fishermen in the Quebec region frequented these waters, which had and still have the reputation of offering large salmon.
The complex is a prototype of a large family of bis(dithiolene) complexes or the formula Ni(SCR) (R = H, alkyl, aryl).
The lengths of the C-S and C-C bonds in the backbone, respectively 1.71 and 1.39 Å, are intermediate between double and single bonds.
While in transit from Key West, Florida, to New York City, she was torpedoed on 12 September 1944, off the coast of North Carolina, by .
After repairs she was allocated to the Parry Navigation Co., Inc. on 18 July 1946, and again on 17 November 1946.
On 17 September 1947, she was allocated to the South Atlantic Steamship Line, for transfer to the Mobile Reserve Fleet, in Mobile, Alabama.
The barracks were commissioned to accommodate the Army School of Hygiene and are named after Sir Alfred Keogh, a former Director-General of Army Medical Services.
The foundation stone for the main building was laid by Lieutenant General Sir James Hartigan, Director-General of Army Medical Services, in February 1938.
The depot of the Royal Army Medical Corps arrived from Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Church Crookham in 1964 and the Field Training Centre subsequently became known as the Royal Army Medical Corps Training Centre.
By the 1990s the Royal Army Medical Corps Training Centre had changed its name to the Army Medical Services Training Group.
The Army Medical Services Training Group amalgamated with the equivalent organizations in the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force to form the Defence Medical Services Training Centre at Keogh Barracks in 1996.
A major refurbishment costing £50 million was carried out at Keogh Barracks in order to accommodate 4 Armoured Medical Regiment in 2015.
The song topped the charts and was awarded the 1986 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Award for Most Popular Disco Song ().
In 2019, Pascoe also indicted Heath Hill, the former Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Tri-County Electric Cooperative, on five charges, four of which were violations of the Ethics, Government Accountability, and Campaign Reform Act of 1991.
Nyctitheriidae is a family of extinct soricomorph insectivores known from the Paleocene and Eocene epochs of North America and Asia and persisting into the Oligocene of Europe.
Since 1872 more than two dozen other genera of nyctitheriids have been named, and several of these have also initially been considered bats.
A recent phylogenetic analysis placed Nyctitheriidae within Eulipotyphla, although Hooker (2001, 2014) has argued based on similarities in the limb bones for a relationship with Euarchonta, instead.
Born into a musical and artistic Italian family, at the age of eight she was already performing in clubs on weekends.
Susan is passionate about art, but she knows that her parents expect her to pursue a career as a doctor or an engineer and that they would not allow her to attend art school.
The Lone Rider in Cheyenne is a 1942 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Oliver Drake and Elizabeth Beecher.
IBM 2245 Kanji Printer () was the line printer of the IBM Kanji System, announced in 1971, that allowed printing of Japanese text on IBM System/360 and System/370 mainframe computers.
Although the computers in Japan, up to that time, used only the alphanumeric characters like in other countries, this prototype allowed processing of more than ten thousand Kanji and other characters that are used in the Japanese language.
The IBM 5924 Kanji Keypunch was an IBM 029 Keypunch (Model T00 with Katakana feature), attached with a specially designed 12-shift Kanji input keyboard.
It allowed punching out IBM cards for more than ten thousand kinds of Japanese characters, using two columns (two punch positions) for each Japanese character, to be fed in the regular IBM card reader for being stored in the computer in two bytes for each Japanese character.
This new technical approach gave the so-called Double-Byte Character Set languages of Japanese, Korean and Chinese languages the ability to be processed by the computer.
The IBM 2245 Kanji Printer was a line printer on the system side that connected to System/360 or System/370 via the multiplexer channel, block multiplexer channel or selector channel.
The printer basically used the dot matrix impact printing mechanism, already employed in the IBM 2560 Multi-Function Card Machine that attached to IBM System/360 Model 20 and later to IBM System/3.
Each Japanese double-byte character was printed on continuous paper with 18x22 dots for horizontal writing or with 18x18 for vertical writing.
The IBM 2245 was developed at IBM Endicott with participation of two or three engineers from IBM Fujisawa, and manufactured in Endicott.
It was marketed as a standard product, whereas the IBM 5924 Kanji punch, developed and manufactured in Fujisawa was a special RPQ product.
This printer would later support Korean and Traditional Chinese languages, with the effort of IBM Korea's and IBM Taiwan's laboratories, in coordination from IBM Fujisawa.
Although the IBM 2245 Kanji Print could be used in a wide range of applications, it was mainly used to print the names and addresses in corporate correspondence, because the printing span (horizontal width) was relatively narrow.
Until that time, the English alphabet and half-width Katakana had been used for computer processing of corporate correspondence, which was quite awkward.
The information of which wire dot to be hit at which point was prepared on the computer side and transmitted to the printer, which made other jobs in the multitasking OS/360-370 to slow down extensively.
The IBM 3800 Model 2 laser printing subsystem, developed by IBM Rochester, in the second batch announcement of IBM Kanji System in 1979, was the successor machine.
He is best known as one of the first infiltrators within the mafia and narcos families and as close collaborator of the judge Giovanni Falcone.
During the trial he resigned from his position as manager in order to defend himself in the trial in which he was subsequently acquitted..
Angelo Jannone was the commander of the Carabinieri’s company in Corleone from 1989 to 1991 and author, with Giovanni Falcone, of the investigations on the patrimony of Totò Riina and on the accountant Pino Mandalari.
From Corleone he was transferred for security reasons, since he entered the aims of the Corleonesi mafia group after having started the investigations for the arrest of the boss Salvatore Rina with a surveillance plan on the houses of the Bagarella.
The indications given to Sergio De Caprio, better known as Captain Ultimo, gave impulse to the arrest of the Chief of the Chiefs.
After Corleone, in Catania, he commanded the Investigative Unit and was at the center of a bloody shooting 18 June 1992, where he captured an entire group of fire of the Cursoti clan.
After Catania, in Calabria, he commanded the company of Roccella Ionica, and was the protagonist of several important operations against the mafia families of Locride and the Piromalli.
Also, in Calabria, he signed the report about Galassia case, which led to the arrest of 187 members of Cosa Nostra and many mafia families of Calabria and their branches in Europe and other Italian Regions.
From Calabria he was transferred after a criminal had revealed a plan to attack him since he was wanted by the Ndrine della Locride.
Later he commanded for three years the Investigation Departement in Venice, where he was in the limelight for investigations against corruption.
He was then transferred to the Special Team in Rome, better known as ROS, in the summer of 2000 and left the Corp in December 2003, with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
During the period this period of time he was under cover for two years infiltrated in a Colombian narco-trafficking organization linked to Italian Mafia, allowing the seizure and destruction of 280 kilograms of cocaine and the arrest of more than 43 people, in Naples, Milan, Rome, Amsterdam and Venezuela.
Since 2004, he has been with Telecom Italia and has held a number of management positions, including Telecom Security Manager for Latin America.
He is currently Director of Internal Audit & Compliance at Italiaonline and coordinator of the Scientific Committee of Feder privacy after having been CEO of a consulting firm in the field of corporate Audit & Compliance and partner of an international law firm.
He is also author of some publications on Guida al Diritto (Il Sole 24 Ore) and Rivista 231, in 2003 he co-authored Crimes and Money, ed.
In 2016 he became Internal Auditor of Italia online and Vice President of Select Milano, a committee set up to support the City of Milan in welcoming any capital leaving the City of London after Brexit, which he left due to differences of opinion with its President.
The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army, that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.
The battalion's name, like the names of all Alpini battalions raised during World War I with first line reservists, was the name of a valley near the active battalion's base; in the Val Brenta battalion's case the Brenta valley, which extends to the north from Bassano.
The Val Brenta battalion's history is intertwined with the history of the 6th Alpini Regiment, with which it served during World War I.
During the war the battalion was awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valour for the defense of Monte Cauriol on 1-5 September 1916 against repeated Austro-Hungarian, during which the battalion lost seven officers and more than 250 soldiers.
The battalion was reformed on 27 August 1939 and participated in the Italian invasion of France in June and July 1940.
The fortifications the Val Brenta would man in case of war with the Warsaw Pact had been build as Alpine Wall in the early stages of World War II.
With fixed fortifications becoming obsolete the battalion was disbanded on 23 August 1986 with only the 262nd Alpini Company remaining on active duty.
After the battalion was disbanded its war flag was transferred to the shrine of the flags at the Vittoriano in Rome.
The film was most noted for casting Margaret Trudeau, soon after her separation from Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, in a starring role; it was actually her second performance in a film, but the first to premiere commercially.
The film centres on Annie (Trudeau), the Canadian wife of wealthy businessman André Roussel (André Falcon), who is sent by her husband on a vacation in the French Riviera.
Her husband sends private detective Aldo (Francis Lemaire) to follow her as he suspects her of infidelity; however, Annie and Aldo themselves begin a romantic relationship with each other.
As Trudeau was not fluent in French, the film was written so that she spoke her lines in English and was then overdubbed by another actress.
Master Chief Special Warfare Operator Jason Hayes a.k.a Bravo 1/1B, leader of a Navy SEAL team (Bravo Team), portrayed by David Boreanaz.
Although he and Alana attempt to reconcile, she ultimately asks him for a divorce just before his deployment to Jalalabad, Afghanistan in early 2018.
Jason takes a leave of absence from the Teams and even considers resigning in order to ensure that his children at least have one parent left (it was mentioned that Jason and Alana had frequently made plans should he be killed in action, but never even considered that she might be the parent who died first), but Emma convinces him to stay on Bravo Team.
During Season 3, Jason mentions that he enlisted in the Navy and completed BUD/s in 2001, just a few months before 9/11, and has spent his entire career fighting in the War on Terror.
During the first part of season 1, he's a member of Green Team training for Tier One status, and his readiness for combat is questioned.
In season 2, he briefly served as the team's second-in-command following Senior Chief Ray Perry's assignment to Green Team; he again serves as Bravo-2 during Ray's temporary promotion while Jason is on medical leave.
During season 1, Ray lied about a shoulder injury due to the fear of losing the extra pay, which his family needed.
During season 2 premiere, set six moths later, Jason rebuffed his attempts to return to Bravo, saying Ray had lost his trust.
During Season 3, Ray learns that he has been selected for promotion to Master Chief, but after some consideration (including for financial reasons as well as to remain with Bravo Team), Ray decides to put in for a warrant officer commission.
Special Warfare Operator First Class Sonny Quinn a.k.a Bravo 3/3B, a loyal but sometimes volatile SEAL from Texas who is at his best in firefights and prefers them over a leadership position.
She tried to save her two sisters, Ronnie and Michelle, but couldn't reach the later and had to take the decision to save Ronnie only.
Trent Sawyer a.k.a Bravo 4/4B is a Special Warfare Operator First Class and member of Bravo Team who serves as a medic for the team.
Brock Reynolds a.k.a Bravo 5/5B is a Special Warfare Operator First Class, a member of Bravo Team and handler of the team's canine, Cerberus.
At the end of season 2, she graduates from high school and moves to New York where she's enrolled in college.
Naima Perry is Ray's Kurdish wife and mother of his children, Jameelah and Raymond Jr. Naima is the one who takes care of the family's finances.
He was a SEAL for 15 years and a member of the Tier One SEAL unit formerly known as SEAL Team Six, where he served alongside future Green Team Master Chief Adam Seaver.
He currently own a firearms training company and a security consulting company, and appears often in the media as a tactics and security expert.
In season 1, he has a rocky relationship with his son, mainly for having written his book, which made him a traitor in the eyes of other SEALs.
In the later part of Season 2 and early part of Season 3, Clay convinces Ash to use his notoriety to champion the cause of awarding Purple Hearts to veterans with post-traumatic stress syndrome and traumatic brain injuries.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Rachael was launched in 1810 at Hilton (possibly South Hylton) or Sunderland, and apparently was initially registered and based at Greenock.
In 1812 an American privateer captured her in a notable single-ship action, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her almost immediately.
At La Guaira on 11 December she had the misfortune to encounter the American privateer schooner , of 16 guns and 140 men.
The next day, being short of water, the Americans released twenty-seven of the prisoners and sent them into La Guaira in a longboat.
Satish Chandra Mittal (born 1938), is a retired professor of modern Indian history, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India, and national president of the All India Itihas Sankalan Yojana, a subsidiary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu-nationalist organisation.
After school, he take an office job and then in 1940 he was called up and joined the Royal Artillery during World War II.
He later studied in the arts and crafts faculty at the University of Göttingen during 1945–6, for a diploma in design at Hornsey College of Art, and for a teaching diploma at the University of London.
Robert Tavener held teaching positions at Medway College of Art in Rochester, Saint Martin's School of Art in London, and from 1953 Eastbourne College of Art and Design, where he rose to be the Head of Printmaking, Illustration and Graphic Design and Vice-Principal.
His subjects included the English countryside and English architecture, including Oxford and Cambridge colleges, Canterbury Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, York Minster, and Christopher Wren's London churches.
Tavener's work is owned by public institutions, including over 25 public art galleries in England and Wales, and also overseas in the United States.
His work was bought by the American Express, BBC, Chase Manhattan Bank, the General Post Office, the Greater London Council, London Transport, Marks & Spencer, McDonald's, Prudential Insurance, Sainsbury's, Shell, Whitbread, and Yale University.
He also exhibited at Glyndebourne Festival Opera, the Barbican Centre in London, and London Weekend Television Centre at South Bank, as well as many other exhibitions sponsored by the Arts Council of Great Britain and the South East Arts Council.
In December 2019, he was named in the One Day International (ODI) squad for the 2019 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series.
He followed that up with a source book on Thuggee and has also written on the uprising of 1857 and the Amritsar massacre.
In 2003, under the supervision of Christopher Bayly, he gained a PhD in South Asian history from the University of Cambridge.
He subsequently completed a four-year research fellowship at King’s College there, followed by a two-year research associate post at the University of Edinburgh.
Wagner then became a lecturer in imperial and World history at the University of Birmingham, before being employed at Queen Mary's in 2012.
In 2015 he was granted a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Global Fellowship working with historian Dane Kennedy at George Washington University in the United States, which he finished in 2018.
In 2014, he was approached by the owners of the Lord Clyde pub in Kent, who wished to dispose of a skull in their possession.
An accompanying note revealed the skull to be that of sepoy Alum Bheg of the Bengal Regiment, who, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, was executed in 1858 by being blown from a cannon in Sialkot.
Groopman completed his bachelor's degree at Elmira College in 1974, then obtained a doctorate in toxicology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979.
He remained at MIT for postdoctoral research, and subsequently worked for the National Cancer Institute within the Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis.
Groopman served as the Anna M. Baetjer Professor and Chair of the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and later the Edyth H. Schoenrich Professorship in Preventive Medicine.
In 2010, Groopman received the Award for Excellence in Cancer Prevention Research jointly awarded by the American Association for Cancer Research and the Prevent Cancer Foundation.
One night he catches Nathalie (Marilyn Castonguay) and Guylain (Patrick Hivon) attempting a robbery; he chases them off, but is surprised when Nathalie returns a few weeks later to request his help because her relationship with Guylain is abusive.
The film received two Prix Jutra nominations at the 17th Jutra Awards, for Best Actor (Nadon) and Best Supporting Actor (Hivon).
The play stats with a conversation between Bidesiya or Bidesi and Pyari Sundari(His wife), where Bidesiya adduces his will to leaving the village and going to Calcutta for earning.
Aline, reine de Golconde (‘Aline, Queen of Golconda’) is an opera (ballet-héroïque) in three acts by Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny to a libretto by Michel-Jean Sedaine based on a story by Stanislas-Jean de Boufflers.
The action takes place in India, where queen Aline recognises the newly-arrived ambassador Saint Phar as her long lost lover from a time when she was a mere peasant girl.
The opera was translated and performed in many European cities: Brussels (1774); Liège (1783); Berlin (German translation by (de) 1782); London (Italian translation by A. Andrei, 1784); and Moscow (Russian translation, 1793).
In 1803 a different work with the same name premiered at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, with a libretto by Jean-Baptiste-Charles Vial and Etienne Guillaume François de Favières and music by Henri-Montan Berton.
Culture of cosmetic surgery is the attitude towards cosmetic changes via surgery over time, though this attitude depends on the purpose.
WWI left thousands of soldiers with unprecedented levels of facial damage, creating a massive need for reconstruction of facial features, as such Harold Gillies of New Zealand developed and tested methods to restore function and structure to the faces of soldiers and these processes rapidly gained popularity.
As ideas about what was considered beautiful changed, services, products, and techniques were developed to help consumers meet those standards if they so chose.
People may undertake plastic surgery in the modern era due to their mental state and lack of confidence in their own bodies.
Individual's may turn to getting something changed about themselves via surgery because it requires less mental/emotional work and reduces body dysmorphia.
World War I left thousands of soldiers with unprecedented levels of facial damage; trench warfare and progressive weapons lead to massive amounts of death and destruction.
Dr. Harold Gillies of New Zealand developed and tested methods to restore function and structure to the faces of soldiers, such as taking cartilage or skin from an easily concealed part of the patient's body and using it to reform the injured area.
Throughout the 1940s and 50s fashion and personal appearance was emphasized more strongly in the United States; both world wars were over and years in the past, and normalcy was returning to the average American household.
As ideas about what was considered beautiful changed, services, products, and techniques were developed to help consumers meet those standards if they so chose.
Many people who have plastic surgery in today’s era choose to do so because of their mental state and lack of confidence in their own bodies.
Instead of working to accept and love what they look like as they are, millions of people turn to getting something changed about themselves instead because it requires less mental/ emotional work and is readily available.
One example of this is people with eating disorders; a person who has body dysmorphia may try and get surgery in order to feel that they are skinnier than they already are.
The major problem with this is that many eating disorder patients are not overweight, so this surgery will not be helpful to their physical health or appearance.
These patients expect to come out of the operation room looking like a new person, and they believe that they will be able to feel confident in this new body.
This can happen to certain people, but for the majority of people with these diagnoses, the surgery will not be able to change their mindset.
Besides eating disorder patients, a large number of people who choose to undergo plastic surgery are victims of anxiety, depression, or other mental illnesses.
These patients deserve to get mental health treatments because the surgery will most likely not be able to change their mindsets.
Trans folk who choose to have surgery so their physical form aligns more closely with their gender identity often feel more comfortable in their own skin and are able to see their external figure the way they want to see it, giving a marginalized and under-recognized group a significant amount of power back over their own lives.
Burn victims and other patients who have experienced significant facial deformation also benefit psychologically from plastic surgery; victims of an accident or attack commonly feel much of their power has been taken away, and having a plethora of surgical procedures available to them may make the healing process easier.
These procedures are intended to restore normalcy to people who have had traumatic experiences, and help them lead as normal of a life as possible.
Plastic surgery started to become commonly used during the world wars in order to help soldiers and veterans who were injured.
Over the course of the 1900s American beauty standards became more narrow and created a rigid definition of beauty, which made these procedures more common in order to be seen as fitting into the definition of beauty.
Today, many procedure can be done to meet society's definition of beauty and media and research has found the most common procedures sought out each year.
The criteria for medical intervention in contemporary society can be as simple as disliking the appearance of that part of the body; cosmetic surgery is the only medical specialty where the patient decides what is wrong with her and what the course of treatment will be.
Rotherby is a village and former civil parish, north east of Leicester, now in the parish of Hoby with Rotherby, in the Melton district, in the county of Leicestershire, England.
An academy graduate of Paris Saint-Germain, Kouassi made his professional debut on 7 December 2019 in a 3–1 league win against Montpellier.
He started all seven matches of France in the tournament and scored the equalizer in his team's 6–1 pre-quarter win against Spain.
She was shortlisted for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2015 and is the first Mauritanian woman to be considered for the award.
At the age of eleven, her father arranged marriage for her, which she strongly objected to, however the marriage went ahead and her first child was born when she was 14.
At this point, she also stood up for the rights of her family's slaves, encouraging them to take their own freedom and to leave.
After leaving her husband, and unable to attend school, she worked in a variety of low-paid jobs, including: cigarette seller, switchboard operator, and as a social worker.
She has lobbied for a quota in government for the involvement of women in political decision-making - it stands at 20% in 2019.
She has spoken out against the early marriage of girls and especially the cultural practice of force-feeding young women to become fat ready for marriage, leading to obesity and diabetes.
El-Moctar considers herself a feminist and wants to encourage women from across Africa to come together in the fights against male domination.
The fatwa called for the killing and gouging out of El-Moctar's eye, simply because she demanded a fair trial for the blogger.
From its outset, the AFCF has been designed to reflect the diversity of Mauritania, including Arab, Berber, Haratin, Pulaar, Soninke and Wolof women.
The AFCF has 12,000 members, six rescue centres for victims, 168 social workers, four lawyers and a contact person in every city in Mauritania.
In 2019, the AFCF proposed new legislation to the Mauritanian government to defend women rights, in particular to introduce harsher sentences for rape.
In 2015, El-Moctar was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, along with other anti-slavery campaigners Biram Dah Abeid and Boubacar Messaoud.
The manuscript featured 78 leaves of astronomical tables and text in English; the library's catalog assigned it to Simon Bredon, the astronomer of Merton College.
Throughout the text and in many of the tables the year 1392 occurs, and the text must have been written around this year.
That the manuscript is a holograph is confirmed, according to Price, by heavy corrections and interlineations (in the original hand) that appear to be alterations of style rather than copy edits—as if the original author were polishing their work.
Price's linguistic analysis also suggests that the manuscript has no evidence of any other scribe or author having worked on it.
It is possible that the text is a translation of a now-lost Latin original, but either way, the text is based on an Arabic original.
The ink is brown; there are signs of dampness on the upper edge, especially in the first quire, with some blurring in the fourth quire on the top of the pages.
According to Schmidt, the dampness and the wear and tear on some of the quires is evidence that the quires spent some time unbound.
The text describes the construction of an equatorium, an instrument similar to the astrolabe—but where an astrolabe calculates the positions of the stars, an equatorium does that for the planets, according to the Geocentric model of Ptolemy.
One of them is solid, and is marked with characteristics of the orbits of the various planets: their apogee, their equants, and other centers.
A divided circle around the rims of the two discs allow for the transferral of information from sets of tables (the Alfonsine tables, from a Parisian document) that contain the data for each planet.
The 1991 Women's World Snooker Championship was a women's snooker tournament played at various venues in the United Kingdom in 1991.
Allison Fisher beat Karen Corr 8–2 in the final to win the title, and made a championship record of 103 in the qualifying rounds.
Fisher made a break of 103 in her match against Fran Hoad, the first break in the history of the women's world snooker championship.
The quarter-finals onwards were played at the Hyde Park Hotel in London, and received television coverage on the European satellite channel Screensport.
Mandy Fisher gave birth to a son 96 hours before her quarter-final match with Allison Fisher, and was breastfeeding him ten minutes before the match started.
She then won the second on a , and later the fourth frame with a fluked on her way to a 5–0 win.
In the first fame, Corr made a break of 82 which earnt her a prize of £400 for the highest break in the televised stages of the tournament.
Fisher then won the last seven frames in dominant style to win 8–2, finishing the match with a break of 44.
As champion, Fisher received an invitation to compete in the 1992 Matchroom League, which, like the women's world championship had been, was sponsored by Trusthouse Forte and promoted by Barry Hearn.
The Network was launched in 2004, and organizes member cities into seven creative fields: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts, and Music.
The city is the birthplace of numerous dishes and snacks, including Mapo doufu and Dan Dan Noodles, and has a distinct and vibrant tea house culture.
Bergen hosts the world’s largest conference on seafood, the North Atlantic Seafood Forum Conference, and is also home to the Centre of Expertise for Sustainable Seafood and the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research.
An example is African chicken, a dish which includes Asian ingredients next to peri-peri peppers brought from Mozambique by Portuguese explorers.
65% of the territory of Belém is situated across 39 islands - this feature provides diversity of local food products such as seafood, açaí, cocoa and pupunha.
Turkey and Italy both have three Cities of Gastronomy, while Colombia, Mexico, Spain and United States have all two entries on the list.
POPKI Sports Hall (Indonesian: Gelanggang Olahraga POPKI) or commonly known as is GOR POPKI a multifunction sports arena in Cibubur, Ciracas, East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.
St. Lawrence's Church, Dingwall is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Dingwall, Ross-shire, in Scotland and is a part of the RC Diocese of Aberdeen.
The church contains stained glass windows depicting St Jude, St Lawrence and St Anthony by Dom Ninian Sloane of Pluscarden Abbey.
Also of note are the detailed carved shrine surrounds by Brother Auer of Fort Augustus Abbey whose brother was a parish priest of the church in the 1930's..
Hans Raj Vohra (1909–1985) was an Indian independence revolutionary who became an approver, providing testimony for the British that identified his associates in return for his own freedom.
After the trial, Vohra pursued a career in journalism, first in London, and then subsequently in Lahore and later in Washington.
Against the wishes of his father, Vohra became a trusted colleague and follower of the leading revolutionaries Sukhdev Thapar and Bhagat Singh.
He was subsequently inducted into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army and became a revolutionary organiser primarily arranging the distribution of leaflets and literature, in Punjab Province in the 1920s.
Towards the end of the 1920s, as a student of the Forman Christian College and a member of the Lahore Student's Union, he became active in the student movement, recruiting to the Naujawan Bharat Sabha.
Vohra came to be in police custody for 17 days following his arrest on 17 December 1928, the same day as the murder of John Saunders, the assistant superintendent mistaken for James Scott.
It was not until the 1980s that Vohra made an attempt to explain why he did not divulge his colleagues details during the first arrest but disclosed all at the second arrest in 1929 after he had been informed that his mentor Sukhdev had already given away all their secrets.
Two other significant approvers were Phoindra Nath Ghosh, whose testimony revolved mainly around the establishment of the Hindustan Socialist Party and Jai Gopal who focused on the murder of Saunders, while it was Vohra's testimony which concentrated on Bhagat Singh's activities.
Following the trial and the request to the British government by his father and acceptance by the Viceroy, Vohra was sponsored by the Punjab government to study at the London School of Economics.
Mine has been a most difficult life, full of risks, but so far touch wood, I have emerged virtually unscathed, at least physically.
But the memory of the twenties accompanies me doggedly, teasingly and hauntingly….I hope by the time I die, I would have been fully forgotten, This is my only ambition.
The Forest was established as a national park by the Bangladesh government in 1962 but, was officially declared as National park in1982 under the Bangladesh wildlife (Preservation) Amendment Act of 1947.The park is located at Madhupur Upazila, Tangail District in the North region of the country.
The park enjoys tropical Monsoon from June to September every year.The soil is loamy, clay and sandy loam at various places.
176 plant species were identified in the park which include 73 tree species, 22 shrub species, 27 climbers, 45 medicinal plants, 8 grasses and 1 palm species.
Some 4500 Garo tribals were allowed for the settlement inside the park in 1968.in 1989 the human population was about 14,000.
Obazele who hails from Edo State a south-south geographical region of Nigeria occupied predominantly by the minority tribes in Nigeria was born in Lagos state.
Obazele due to objections from his father temporarily dismissed his goal of being an actor and instead, secured a daytime job at a Production company.
Sudiang Sports Hall (Indonesian: Gedung Olahraga Sudiang) or commonly known as is GOR Sudiang a multifunction sports arena in Biringkanaya, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
It was opened on 10 November 1989 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Los Dos Caminos to Palo Verde.
Street of Boris Yeltsin () (on the city plan of 1810 marked as Ordinarnaya (Ordinary), on the city plan of 1845 — Fetisovskaya (Fetisov), from 1919 till 2009 — 9 Yanvaria Street (January 9th Street)) — street in Yekaterinburg.
The street historically developed in the 1740s as one of the streets of Ssylnaya Sloboda (Banished Sloboda), emerging outside Zeley Gates of Yekaterinburg Fortress.
On April 17, 1900, she married William Glover Stanard, at the time the corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, and with him took up residence in Richmond.
She wrote and edited a number of books covering various aspects of Virginia history, and produced biographies of her father, Edgar Allan Poe, and John Marshall.
Until her death, Stanard was historian of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities; she also served as vice-president of the state chapter of the Colonial Dames of America, and was a member of the executive committees of the Edgar Allan Poe Shrine and the Virginia War History Commission.
Khan Sahib is a town and a notified area committee in Badgam district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Municipal Committee Khansahib is an Urban Local Body which administrates the town of Khansahib in Budgam district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Rania Alayed was a Syrian woman murdered in a residence in Salford, Greater Manchester, England, by her husband in June 2013, an act of uxoricide.
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) Chief Detective Inspector Bill Reade described this as an honour killing, and the prosecutors stated she was murdered for trying to achieve independence from her husband and undergoing westernisation.
According to testimony at Manchester Crown Court, Al-Khatib committed domestic violence against Alayed after they settled in England, and Alayed eventually left his residence.
Parties lost contact with her on 7 June 2013; she went to her husband's brother's house in Salford, with her children, as he invited her there.
In this house he murdered her; He stated that he killed her because she was attacking him due to having an evil spirit.
The Cape Town Progressive Jewish Congregation (CTPJC), also known as Temple Israel, is the umbrella body of three Progressive Jewish congregations in Cape Town (Wynberg, Green Point and Milnerton).
As three congregations combined they are the largest Progressive congregation in South Africa and the second largest Jewish congregation in Cape Town.
The CTPJC is an affiliate of the South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ), which is part of the World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ).
The congregation was founded in Green Point in 1944 by founding rabbinic couple, Rabbi Dr David Sherman (z”l) and Bertha Sherman.
Transplant is a Canadian television medical drama series created by Joseph Kay, slated to premiere on CTV on February 26, 2020.
The series stars Hamza Haq as Bash, an immigrant from Syria rebuilding his career in emergency medicine in the trauma unit of a hospital in Toronto.
The cast also includes Laurence Leboeuf, John Hannah, Ayisha Issa, Jim Watson, Sirena Gulamgaus, Torri Higginson, Linda Smith and Grace Lynn Kung.
The core of the building, including various windows and doorways, as well as the brickwork of the spire, date from between 1300 and 1340.
His daughter, Lady Anne Herling, and her two husbands, William Chamberlain and Sir Robert Wingfield, continued the transformation of the church throughout the 15th century.
Most of the building work was complete in the middle of the 15th century, the east window arrived in the latter half, and the tower's parapet and spire towards the end.
A major restoration in 1871, costing £1500, replaced the box-pews with the current pews, gave the chancel roof a simple scissorbeam design, and restored the main roof and spire.
This also contains the clock mechanism, which was made in 1826 for West Harling Hall, brought here in 1933, and restored in 2004.
In the centre of the west end of the nave is a large mediaeval octagonal stone font, with fine carvings and a dark wood cover that dates from the 1600s.
Nearby are a stone holy water stoup and on the wall a medallion of Sir Thomas Lovell (died 1524), who was Chancellor of the Exchequer to Henry VII and Henry VIII and who built East Harling Manor.
The west-facing canopied section was once part of a rood screen, and is red, green and gold, with a dark blue sky and gold stars.
The organ console and small set of pipes face south into the centre of the church while a larger set of pipes face west down the north aisle.
The mediaeval stained glass east window dates largely from the middle fifteenth century, with the top lights containing foliage patterns from the nineteenth century.
Twenty main panels in total with 16 depicting scenes from the Joyful, Sorrowful and Glorious Mysteries of Mary, two contain fragments, and two depict donors.
Some elements have been incorporated from windows previously elsewhere in the church: the two angels in the upper centre and the red squirrel in the very top left.
As a two-year-old in 2016 she showed top-class form, winning two of her four starts (including the Artemis Stakes) and finished second in the Hanshin Juvenile Fillies.
In the following year she failed to win but was placed in several major races including the Oka Sho and the Shuka Sho.
As a four-year-old she won the Tokyo Shimbun Hai and the Queen Elizabeth II Cup as well as running second in the Victoria Mile and the Hong Kong Vase and was awarded the JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare.
In 2019 she had her most successful season as she took the Takarazuka Kinen in Japan and the Cox Plate in Australia before ending her track career with a victory in the Arima Kinen.
Lys Gracieux is a dark bay or brown mare with a white blaze and a white sock on her left hind leg bred in Japan by Northern Farm.
During her racing career she was trained by Yoshito Yahagi and raced in the green, white and red colours of the Northern Farm affiliate U Carrot Farm.
She was from the seventh crop of foals sired by Heart's Cry a horse whose wins included the Arima Kinen and the Dubai Sheema Classic.
Lys Gracieux's dam, Liliside showed high-class form on the track in France, winning five of her eleven starts including four Listed races.
She was descended from the French broodmare Doublure whose other descendants have included Greek Money, Shirley Heights, Pentire and Divine Proportions.
Lys Gracieux began her racing career by finishing second to the colt Root Directory in a contest for previously unraced juveniles over 1600 metres at Niigata Racecourse on 27 August.
Two weeks later at Hanshin Racecourse she recorded her first success when she won a maiden race over an 1800 metres in a record time of 1:46.2.
On 29 October she was stepped up in class for the Grade 3 Artemis Stakes over 1600 metres at Tokyo Racecourse and started the 7/5 against seventeen opponets.
After racing towards the rear of the eighteen-runner field she produced a strong late charge but was unable to reel in the favourite Soul Stirring and finished second, beaten one and a quarter lengths by the winner.
On her first appearance as a three-year-old Lys Gracieux ran third behind Soul Stirring and Miss Panthere in the Tulip Sho over 1600 metres at Hanshin on 4 March.
In the Grade 1 Oka Sho over the same course and distance five weeks later she produced a sustained challenge in the straight and finished second, beaten half a length by the 40/1 outsider Reine Minoru with Soul Stirring in third place.
When moved up in trip for the Yushun Himba at Tokyo on 21 May she came from well off the pace to come home fifth of the eighteen runners behind Soul Stirring.
After a break of almost four months Lys Gracieux returned to the track in September and finished third to Rabbit Run in the Grade 2 Rose Stakes over 1800 metres at Hanshin.
In the Grade 1 Shuka Sho a month later the filly produced her customary late charge, caught the leader Mozu Katchan 50 metres from the finish but was overtaken by the fast-finishing Deirdre in the final strides.
On her final run of the year Lys Gracieux came home eighth behind Mozu Katchan in the Queen Elizabeth II Cup at Kyoto Racecourse on 12 November.
Lys Gracieux began her third campaign in the Grade 3 Tokyo Shimbun Hai over 1600 metres on 4 February in which she started the 4.5/1 third choice in the betting behind Daiwa Cagney and Greater London.
Ridden by Take she recorded her first win in sixteen months as she won by a length from the four-year-old colt Satono Ares (Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes).
In April she started favourite for the Grade 2 Hanshin Himba Stakes but in a closely-contested finish she ran third place, beaten a head and a neck by Miss Panthere and Red Avancer.
In the Grade 1 Victoria Mile at Tokyo on 13 May the filly went off the 3.3/1 favourite but despite making rapid progress in the straight she failed by a nose to catch the outsider Jour Polaire.
In the Yasuda Kinen over the same course and distance on 3 June she made little impact and came home eighth of the sixteen runners behind Mozu Ascot, beaten five and a half lengths by the winner.
On her return from a five month break Lys Gracieux finished second by a neck to Deirdre in the Fuchu Himba Stakes over 1800 metres at Tokyo on 13 October.
Four weeks after her defeat in Tokyo the filly was partnered by Joao Moreira when she made her second attempt to win the Queen Elizabeth II Cup and started the 2.7/1 third choice in the betting behind Mozu Katchan and Normcore (Shion Stakes) while the other fourteen entrants included Cantabile (Rose Stakes), Miss Panthere and Admire Lead (2017 Victoria Mile).
Lys Gracieux race in mid-division before switching to the outside in the final turn and produced a sustained run in the straight to run down the front-running Crocosmia and win by a neck.
We were in a good position, two off the fence, and she had plenty left in the tank after angling out at the last turn.
Under pressure, she responded very well and I had every confidence from the 300 meter point that we were going to win.
Lys Gracieux ended her season with a trip to Hong Kong to contest the Hong Kong Vase over 2400 metres at Sha Tin Racecourse on 9 December.
With Moreira in the saddle she raced towards the rear of the field before launching a strong run on the outside in the straight.
She gained the advantage in the last 200 metres but was overtaken in the final strides and beaten a neck by the locally-trained Exultant.
In January 2019 Lys Gracieux was named Best Older Filly or Mare at the JRA Awards for 2018 taking 265 of the 276 votes.
On her first run as a five-year-old in the Grade 2 Kinko Sho over 2000 metres at Chukyo Racecourse on 10 March she started at odds of 7.7/1 in a thirteen-runner field and finished second to the four-year-old colt Danon Premium.
For her next run the mare was sent to Hong Kong for the second time to contest the Queen Elizabeth II Cup over 2000 metres at Sha Tin.
Ridden by Oisin Murphy she was restrained in mid-division before making progress in the straight and came home third behind Win Bright and Exultant, beaten a length by the winner.
On her return to Japan she was one of twelve horses to contest the 60th running of the Takarazuka Kinen over 2200 metres at Hanshin on 23 June.
She was partnered by Damian Lane and went off the 4.4/1 third choice in the betting behind Kiseki (2017 Kikuka Sho) and Rey de Oro, while the other contenders included Al Ain, Suave Richard and Makahiki.
After racing in second place behind the front-running Kiseki, Lys Gracieux challenged the favourite in the straight, gained the advantage 200 metres from the finish and drew away in the closing stages to win by three lengths.
In the autumn of 2019 Lys Gracieux was sent to Australia to contest the Cox Plate over 2400 metres at Moonee Valley on 26 October.
She was given a special exemption to compete as horses who had raced in Hong Kong were banned from entering Australia unless they had spent at least 180 days in a third country in the interim, after the Australian Government raised concerns over China’s biosecurity regulations.
With Lane again in the saddle she was made the 6/4 favourite against thirteen opponents including Mystic Journey (Australian Guineas), Castelvecchio (Champagne Stakes (ATC)), Magic Wand (runner-up in the Irish Champion Stakes), Avilius (Tancred Stakes), Danceteria (Bayerisches Zuchtrennen), Verry Elleegant (Australian Oaks), Cape of Good Hope (Caulfield Stakes) and Kings Will Dream (Turnbull Stakes).
She overhauled the three-year-old Castelvecchio 70 metres from the finish and kept on well to win by one and a half lengths.
I thought she was not going to make it, but Damian is a top jockey and Lys Gracieux is a very good horse.
As Yahagi had suggested, Lys Gracieux ended her season in the Arima Kinen over 2500 metres at Nakayama on 22 December.
Ridden by Lane she went off the 5.7/1 second favourite behind Almond Eye in a sixteen-runner field which also included Saturnalia, World Premiere, Suave Richard, Fierement, Kiseki, Rey de Oro, Cheval Grand and Al Ain.
Lane settled the mare on the inside rail towards the rear of the field as Aerolithe set a fast pace, and then switched to the outside in the straight.
Lys Gracieux accelerated into the lead just inside the last 200 metres and drew right away from her opponents to win easily by five lengths.
Lys Gracieux is the third highest earning racehorse in the world among the racehorses born in 2014, after Thunder Snow and Enable.
In January 2020 Lys Gracieux was awarded the title of Japanese Horse of the Year, receiving 271 of the 274 votes as well as winning the JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare for the second time.
The Apponyi Palace was built in 1761-1762 by Count György Apponyi, a member of the ancient Apponyi family and advisor to the King of Hungary, in place of two older townhouses.
It was acquired in 1867 from the Apponyis by the Bratislava municipality, which subsequently added its arms on the cartouche above the street doorway.
The attic was used for accommodation from the 18th century until the first half of the 19th century (it was common for visitors to coronations and other major events to sleep in the attics of townhouses and palaces of the noble).
The character was introduced as the younger half-sister of Colby Thorne (Tim Franklin) and she received several on-screen mentions as part of his early storylines.
Bella's fictional backstory establishes that she and her mother were taken away by her father Ross Nixon (Justin Rosniak) when she was young.
Miller found herself being able to live out her rebellious side through her, and she uses her qualifications in psychology and rehabilitation counselling to help her portray Bella's feelings.
The character's early storylines dealt with Ross's return, as he kidnaps her and tries to get revenge on Colby, her fears that she is messing up Colby's life, and her rebellious behaviour, which results in a new living situation.
Bella's predator, 25-year-old Tommy O'Reilly (Adam Sollis) attempts to sexually assault her when they meet, but is stopped by Irene Roberts (Lynne McGranger).
She is also diagnosed with tetanus, and she uses her illness to manipulate Colby into spending all his time with her.
Miller learned she had been cast in June 2018, and she had to keep the news to herself until her on-screen debut.
Miller, who was studying psychology at university at the time, did not put much pressure on herself to secure the part.
Miller also said that Bella wants to fit into the Bay, but as she is not sure how, it leads to her vulnerable side coming out.
She explained to Harvey that she uses her knowledge of PTSD and bi-polar to justify Bella's behaviour and what she says and feels.
Miller believed that when Bella plans to get revenge on those that have wronged her or Colby, she thinks it is acceptable because she saw her father do it.
She hoped that viewers would like the new side of Bella, as she just gets to be a teenager for a while.
The character's fictional backstory established that she and her mother were taken away by her father Ross Nixon (Justin Rosniak), leaving behind her half-brother Colby, who began searching for them.
Scenes airing in November 2018 saw Colby gain an address for Ross, shortly after learning that he killed Colby and Bella's mother.
When Colby and his friend Dean Thompson (Patrick O'Connor) eventually track Bella down, her first instinct is to protect herself with a crossbow.
A safety officer was present on set, and the potential for something to go wrong helped Miller and Franklin to bond.
Upon hearing about Ross's criminal history, Bella initially denies it, as she questions how her father, who has protected her, could be that bad.
Bella's arrival causes tension and a break-up between Colby and his fiancée Chelsea Campbell (Ashleigh Brewer), who realises that he lied to her and kidnapped his own sister.
During the show's 2018 season finale, Colby and Chelsea marry, and an armed Ross takes Bella, Chelsea and Willow Harris (Sarah Roberts) hostage.
Bella tries to reason with her father, but soon learns that Ross wants revenge on Colby for taking her away from him.
Ross tries to force Colby into choosing between his wife and his sister, but he runs at him and Bella strikes his arm to force him into dropping the gun, which goes off.
Franklin explained that after Colby witnesses Ross shooting Willow, he believes that Ross will not stop until he has killed everyone Colby loves, so he shoots Ross dead.
Colby initially keeps Ross's death a secret from Bella, but when he learns that she is worried that her father will return, he decides to tell her the truth.
She stows away in the boot of their car as they head to a rally, with the aim of revealing herself once they are far enough away.
Bella hopes the pair will return her to the Bay, so she can reunite Dean with Willow, but Dean calls Colby to collect her instead.
Colby struggles with Bella's rebellious behaviour, and after she lashes out and hurts him during an argument with Dean, he accepts an offer from Irene Roberts (Lynne McGranger) to take her in.
In mid-2019, the show's script writers took inspiration from Carly's Law and used the character to highlight the growing issue of online predators targeting and grooming young Australians.
Bella is introduced to an online student forum by her teacher Roo Stewart (Georgie Parker) and she soon befriends fellow user Tommy (Adam Sollis).
Wanting to add realism to the storyline, Miller watched documentaries about the victims of online predators, so she could learn how they talk about their experiences.
Tommy visits Bella at home, and Miller said that Bella is shocked to see him on her doorstep and she quickly realises that she could be in trouble.
Tommy's jealousy over Bella's friendship with Ryder Jackson (Lukas Radovich) prompts her to panic and she eventually locks herself in the bathroom, hoping that Tommy will leave.
However, when she emerges Tommy grabs her and drags her into a nearby bedroom, where he attempts to sexually assault her.
Miller admitted that she found the scenes difficult to film, and she became scared as she imagined it being a real-life situation.
Tommy pleads with the pair not to call the police, but this causes Irene to recall the abuse she suffered in her childhood.
McGranger praised the show's editors for their work on making the scenes suitable for the early evening timeslot, but leaving the audience with no doubt as to what has happened.
As the storyline progresses, the police discover Tommy's identity and Irene's guilt forces her to go to the police and confess, despite Bella's protests.
Bella faces Tommy in court during Irene's hearing and, as she gives details about her assault, an enraged Colby tries to attack him.
This leads to Bella clashing with Colby's housemate Robbo (Jake Ryan), as he confronts her about her behaviour and how it is affecting Colby.
After listening to a drunken Colby talking about his heartbreak, Bella takes a can of gasoline to Mackenzie's restaurant, Salt, and plans to set the place on fire, but Dean and Willow catch her in time.
However, when Bella claims that she is sick and not well enough to go anywhere, Colby has no choice but to cancel the plans, leading Mackenzie to accuse Bella of faking her illness.
After being rushed to the hospital, Doctor Alex Neilson (Zoe Ventoura) learns that Bella has not been immunised and diagnoses her with tetanus.
Mackenzie risks her own life to try and get help for Bella when she learns what she has done, but the gunman refuse her medical help and Bella's condition deteriorates rapidly.
Miller revealed that she had been approached by a number of parents thanking her for the grooming storyline, which led to their own children talking to them about it.
Each weekend the series hosts two 25 minute races plus one lap with two separate qualifying sessions determining the grid order.
Teams may run one driver over the entire weekend or split the car between two drivers with one driver running the first qualifying session and race and the other running the second.
The series supports multiple other racing series depending on the round including the International GT Open, FFSA GT Championship, and the Blancpain GT Championship.
The series has two sub-categories along with the overall Drivers' Championship: Junior, for drivers under 25 years of age and Gentlemen, which is designated by the series officials but generally given to drivers over 45 years of age.
At the end of the season the highest Gentleman driver in points receives an official test in an Alpine A110 GT4 racecar along with a cash prize.
He was released by Leicester in June 2019 and signed for AEK Larnaca of the Cypriot First Division on the 9th July 2019.
He made his debut in senior football on the 8th November 2019, coming off the bench in the 84th minute in a game against Doxa Katokopias and scoring the winner in the 95th minute in a 2–1 win for his side.
He is also eligible to play for Hungary through his maternal grandfather from Budapest and England as it is his country of birth.
Keaveny grew up a Celtic and Republic of Ireland fan, stating that he idolised Roy Keane, a former player with both.
The 2020 24H GT Series powered by Hankook is the sixth season of the 24H Series with drivers battling for championship points and titles and the eleventh season since Creventic, the organiser and promoter of the series, organised multiple races a year.
A Hanukkah film is a genre of film in which the main emphasis is on the celebration of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah.
Films in this style traditionally incorporate the religious aspects of Hanukkah, such as lighting the menorah and the story of the Macabees, as well as the cultural aspects of Hanukkah, such as spinning dreidels, or eating traditional foods such as latkes, sufganiyot, or gelt.
Films in this genre are typically similar to comedy and romantic comedy films in content, however some are similar in style to action, drama, and animated films, among other genres.
Hanukkah films are more commonly produced in the United States, however, they are also produced in other countries such as Israel.
Hanukkah films have been compared to Christmas films, as the two holidays are celebrated during a similar time of year, and sometimes have similar storylines.
The relative dearth of Hanukkah films, related to the thousands of Christmas films that have been produced, has been criticized, especially by those in the Jewish community, some of whom have asked for more films in this genre to be produced.
Hanukkah has historically been more commonly portrayed in television, than in film, due to the relative lower financial risk and cost of production as compared to a feature film.
Though the film is not exclusively about Hanukkah, the holiday features prominently in its plot; as the opening scene of the film centers around the holiday.
The film featured other notable actors such as Rob Schneider, Kevin Nealon, Jon Lovitz, and Jackie Titone (who is also Sandler's wife), and has been called the best known and highest profile Hanukkah film, and has been credited with starting the genre.
The film was a box office bomb, grossing only $23.8 million of its $34 million budget; but gained a cult following among those in the Jewish community in the years following its release.
The film opens as the family is celebrating Hanukkah in Shostka, Ukraine in 1885, the Mousekewitzes, a Russian-Jewish family of mice who live with a human family named Moskowitz, are celebrating the holiday and Papa gives his hat to his 5-year-old son, Fievel, and tells him about the United States, a country where there are no cats.
The celebration is interrupted when a battery of Cossacks ride through the village square in an anti-Jewish arson attack and their cats likewise attack the village mice.
Because of this, the Moskowitz home, along with that of the Mousekewitzes, is destroyed, and the film tells the story of Fievel Mousekewitz and his family as they emigrate from the Imperial Russian territory of Ukraine to the United States for freedom.
The film is animated in the style of television holiday specials, and, unlike most mainstream holiday films, centers on Jewish characters during the Hanukkah season, as opposed to the Christian celebration of Christmas.
The film has received a cult following, especially among those in the Jewish community, as it is one of the highest profile and most known Hanukkah films.
The plot concerns a Jewish blaxploitation crime fighter known as the Hebrew Hammer who must save Hanukkah from the evil son of Santa Claus, who wants to destroy Hanukkah and Kwanzaa and make everyone celebrate Christmas.
Inspired by the true story of University of Virginia Cavaliers basketball star Lamont Carr, the film centers on a group of young Jewish basketball players during the Hanukkah season who are determined to find their own Judah Macabee to coach their team and help their team out of a slump.
The film makes numerous references to the miracle of the oil, with the school's electricity staying on even though it was being powered by a gas generator with only enough fuel for one hour instead of the eight hours the game lasted.
The film concludes with Rabbi Lewis (a fictional character in the film) telling the story of Hanukkah and its relation to the basketball game plays over the scene.
Originally she wanted to become a concert singer, but when she heard the then court theatre director at a concert of the commercial association in Göppingen, he invited her to an audition.
She liked it there, but because she felt that her voice needed further training, she took a three-month vacation in the first year and went to Paris to study with Pauline Viardot-Garcia.
She was an excellent coloratura singer, whose technical skill was especially praised, as well as the sparkling light fluid of her passages and fioritura.
The voice, a modulation-capable soprano of considerable size, was characterized by an incredibly sympathetically touching timbre and a fresh, melodious sound.
She has a bachelor's degree, master's degree, and Ph.D. in sociology, from the University of Washington, Vanderbilt University, and University of Michigan respectively.
Architect Hermann V. von Holst designed the building, which has an eclectic style mainly influenced by the Gothic Tudor Revival and Plateresque styles.
Samuel Insull, a former associate of Thomas Edison who developed and controlled much of the Midwestern utilities market, commissioned the building in 1928.
Insull had lived in Libertyville since 1907, and he owned the Libertyville Trust and Savings Bank along with many other banks throughout the Midwest.
In addition to renting the space within it, Insull also intended for the building to highlight the power of electricity and, in turn, the importance of his work to expand it.
The building's initial tenants included Insull's own bank, a Chevrolet dealership, clothing stores, and dentists and small companies in the office space.
A new owner renovated the building in the 1950s, resulting in both the bank's return to the building and new shops opening there.
Another renovation took place in 1982, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1983.
von Holst was known both for his work as an academic architect and for purchasing Frank Lloyd Wright's Chicago practice in 1909 when Wright moved to Europe.
He had designed buildings for Insull and his utility companies for decades, but due to Insull's ensuing bankruptcy, the Public Service Building proved to be the last they would collaborate on.
The Gothic Tudor Revival style is most prominent throughout the building, but it also includes elements of Spanish and Indian architecture.
As the building occupies a corner lot, it has two fronts, which are joined by a corner tower with a cupola.
The stone facade of the bank's original space has a Plateresque design, a Spanish style which von Holst used to convey sturdiness.
While the building initially included a central arcade, it was enclosed during its renovations; the arcade's west entrance, however, still stands, and it features a dome and a Seth Thomas clock.
The Orakzai Dynasty is divided into two branches, the Mirazi Khel founded by Dost Muhammad Khan and the Firuz Khel founded by Diler Khan.
Omar Hani Ismail Al Zebdieh (born 27 June 1999), commonly referred to as Omar Hani, is a Jordanian footballer currently playing as a midfielder for APOEL.
She is also part of the Harvard Brain Science Initiative and has won numerous awards for her groundbreaking research on the brain's vascular component.
She then joined the lab of David Ginty at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine where she studied the role of semaphorin signaling in vascular development.
She uses experimental techniques such as Two-photon excitation microscopy, mouse genetics and computational models to study neurovascular coupling, the regulation of blood flow by changes in neuronal activity, and vascular patterning.
Her laboratory has recently published on the importance of the inhibition of transcytosis for maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and how the mechanisms regulating transcytosis levels could be manipulated to aid the entry of therapeutics into the central nervous system.
John Gresham (1529 – c. 1586), of Mayfield, Sussex, North End, near Fulham, Middlesex and Bishopsgate Street, London, was an English Member of Parliament.
The 2020 O'Byrne Cup is a Gaelic football tournament played by county teams of Leinster GAA in December 2019 and January 2020.
The 2019-20 New Hampshire Wildcats Men's ice hockey season was the 94th season of play for the program and the 36th season in the Hockey East conference.
In October 1943, Utassy succeeded Zoltán Baló as the head of the Ministry 21st Department for Prisoners of War and Internees, being in charge of thousands of Polish soldiers who were interned in Hungary at that time.
Despite the fact that Baló was dismissed under pressure of the German ambassador who was accusing him of transfersing Polish soldiers to Western Europe, Utassy continued his policy to secure Polish soldiers.
In March 1944, when the Germans began occupation of Hungary, he denied the Gestapo access to the internment camps and refused to surrender Polish soldiers.
On 19 June 2019, Utassy was awarded with Virtus et Fraternitas Medal which from president of Poland Andrzej Duda on his behalf received his grandson.
He was Archdeacon of Elphin from 1669 to 1670; Prebendary of Killaraght in Achonry Cathedral from 1673 to 1693; Dean of Elphin from 1683 to 1700; and Prebendary of Rasharkin in Lisburn Cathedral from 1700 until his death in 1705.
A five star recruit, he originally committed to Auburn University to play college football before changing his commitment to the University of Georgia.
Maciej Hen is a son of a well-known Polish writer Józef Hen and the late pedagogue and Russian teacher Irena Lebewal from Navariya near Lvov.
He attended (but in 1974 left just before the final examination) The National Art High School in Warsaw and in 1979 he completed his studies at the cinematography department of the National Film School in Łódź.
On various occasions he worked as a camera operator, a director of photography and a director of documentary films, a still photographer and a photojournalist, a screenwriter, an actor, a journalist, a musician, an English translator and a TV lighting designer.
The Baie des Rochers River is a tributary of the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River, flowing into the town of Saint-Siméon, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, Quebec, Canada.
The course of this river goes through the village of Baie-des-Rochers before going to the Bay of Rochers, in the St. Lawrence River.
At the edge of this lake, the resort is established around the southeast bay, because of the secondary road that serves this area.
Knowing that she did not have long to live, from 2016 to 2018 he used portraiture to reconnect with her before her death.
Magatte Sarr (born 2 September 1999) is a French footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Ermis, on loan from Enosis.
It will be the first season that the league will implement a city-based, home-and-away format, with teams traveling between the global home venues to play regular season matches, making the OWL the first major esports league to feature such a format.
In the 2019 season, three homestand weekends took place – the Dallas Fuel Homestand Weekend hosted by the Dallas Fuel, the Atlanta Reign Homestand Weekend hosted by the Atlanta Reign, and the Kit Kat Rivalry Weekend hosted by the Los Angeles Valiant – in efforts to test how a completely localized match schedule would work.
Each team will still play 28 matches and will be responsible for the selection and operation of their respective home venues.
In addition to homestands, every team is required to host at least three team events for the community in their respective home cities.
With the large amount of travelling that will take place in the homestand model, the Atlantic and Pacific Divisions were renamed to the Atlantic and Pacific Conferences, and each conference was equally subdivided into two divisions, the Pacific North and South Divisions and the Atlantic East and West Divisions.
The tournament will feature the Atlantic and Pacific Conference leaders as well as the next best two teams, regardless of conference, based on the regular season standings through Week 10.
Four of the teams in the League are based in China where travel restrictions and quarantines from the outbreak have been enacted and will affect teams traveling to China to play homestead matches there.
Two teams, Guangzhou Charge and Shanghai Dragons, have announced relocations of their team and their planned homestand events to South Korea.
In the prior seasons, the winner of each match was determined by a best-of-four map series, with a fifth tiebreaker map, if necessary.
The league announced at BlizzCon that match winners would be determined by a first-to-three map series, similar to that of the 2019 playoffs.
Activision Blizzard senior director of product strategy and business operations Jon Spector noted that due to the elimination of Stage Playoffs, map differential would be less important, as it is not very likely that many teams would have the same regular season record heading into the playoffs.
Similar to previous seasons, should a match still be tied after four maps, a fifth tiebreaker map will be played on a control map.
The banned heroes will be determined and announced to teams for the week following the completion of matches from the prior week.
The hero pool system will only be used in the regular season and will not be enforced during the midseason tournament, the play-in tournament, the season playoffs, and the Grand Finals.
The Midseason Tournament champions will win $500,000, the runners-up will win $250,000, and the third and fourth place teams will earn $150,000.
For the postseason earnings, the Grand Champion team will earn $1.5 million (up from $1.1 million), second place will earn $800,000 (up from $600,000), third place will earn $500,000 (up from $450,000), fourth place will earn $300,000 (down from $350,000), fifth and sixth place will earn $200,000 (down from $300,000), and seventh and eighth place will earn $100,000 (down from $200,000).
Following the conclusion of this deal in January 2020, Activision Blizzard signed a multiyear deal with Google to have all of the company's esports events to exclusive shown through Google's cloud computing platforms, with content preferably served on YouTube.
The season will begin at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in April and May and will end at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in October.
After being omitted from the 2019 calendar Circuit Paul Ricard will return to the series, but instead of being the season opener, the round there will be held in July.
With the addition of Circuit Zolder and Circuit Paul Ricard, the rounds held at the Hungaroring and Hockenheimring were removed from the schedule.
W Racing Team, which fielded an Audi RS 3 LMS TCR for Santiago Urrutia and an Volkswagen Golf GTI TCR for Maxime Potty in the 2019 season, will not return to the series along with ending their activities in the World Touring Car Cup.
The race format is set to be changed for 2020 from 23 minutes + 1 lap to fixed length at 55 kilometers with the first two laps under safety car added to the total race distance similar to the rules set by the World Touring Car Cup.
Antoine Fleming (born 7 October 2000) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a defender for Kicks United FC and the Anguilla national football team.
Fleming made his senior international debut on 10 November 2019 in a 15-0 friendly defeat to Trinidad and Tobago, coming on as a late substitute for Carlique Gumbs.
In February 2018, the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced that it would open preliminary probes into alleged crimes against humanity performed by Venezuelan authorities.
On 27 September 2018, six states parties to the Rome Statute: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, referred the situation in Venezuela since 12 February 2014 to the ICC, requesting the Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda to initiate an investigation on crimes against humanity allegedly committed in the territory.
This was the first time that member States have sought an investigation of potential crimes that took place entirely on the territory of another country.
John Huband (c.1544-83), of Leominster, Herefordshire; Hillbarrow, Ippsley and Temple Grafton, Warwickshire was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire in 1571 and 1572.
Benjamín Alfonso Tagle Lara (23 June 1892 – 9 November 1932) was an Argentine lyricist and composer of tangos who achieved popularity in the 1920s.
The song would later make its way to Spain, where it was popularized by the singers Agustín Irusta, Roberto Fugazot, and Lucio Demare, earning praise from the prominent Sevillian musician Joaquín Turina.
The song was later recorded by such singers as Ignacio Corsini, the Romanian singer Christian Vasile, and the Argentine actress and singer Sofía Bozán, who performed the song in Paris in 1930.
Benjamín Alfonso Tagle Lara collaborated with such composers as Francisco Pracánico, Roberto Firpo, Antonio Rodio, Rafael Tuegols, and Eduardo Pereyra during his lifetime.
Carlos Alberto Matos Rodrigues (born 14 March 1996), commonly known as Cal, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Enosis.
Victor Aly (born 2 June 1994) is a German field hockey player who plays as a goalkeeper for Rot-Weiss Köln and the German national team.
US Wind is an offshore wind energy development company founded in 2011 that is a subsidiary of Italy-based Renexia SpA, part of Toto Holdings.
In 2014 US Wind won the auction for a 25-year leases for both Wind Energy Areas (WEA) in Maryland established by the BOEM with a bid of $8.7 million; they were later consolidated into one WEA.
Development of their project was hindered by the uncertainty of government direction since the state legislature and local governments are considering banning certain areas and increasing the distance from the shoreline for wind turbines.
As of the summer of 2016 US Wind had completed underwater surveys of the potential sites about a dozen miles off the coast of Maryland and was submitting plans for environmental review by year end.
The project had gained initial approval in 2017 and is under review in 2019 since a change in turbine heights was introduced.
The Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar), commonly referred to as the Rohingya genocide case, is a case currently being heard by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
The application alleged that Myanmar has committed mass murder, rape and destruction of communities against the Rohingya group in Rakhine state since about October 2016, and that these actions violate the Genocide Convention.
Outside counsel for The Gambia includes a team from the law firm Foley Hoag led by Paul Reichler, as well as Professors Philippe Sands of University College London and Payam Akhavan of McGill University.
The Rohingya people are an ethnic minority in Myanmar who, in recent years, are facing a mass persecution that has been described as a genocide.
As a freshman in 2016 he started nine of 11 games, finishing with a team-high 92 tackles, 6.5 sacks and one interception.
As a sophomore in 2017, he started all 13 games and again led the team in tackles with 107 and had four sacks and one interception.
He led the team in tackles for a third straight year his junior year in 2018 with 115 and added two sacks and an interception over 13 starts.
The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army, that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.
The battalion's name, like the names of all Alpini battalions raised during World War I with first line reservists, was the name of a valley near the active battalion's base; in the Val Tagliamento battalion's case the Tagliamento valley, which extends to the north from Tolmezzo.
The Val Tagliamento battalion's history is intertwined with the history of the 8th Alpini Regiment, with which it served during World War I.
After having suffered heavy losses during the Battle of Caporetto an the following retreat to the Piave the battalion was disbanded on 15 February 1918.
The battalion suffered heavily during the fighting in the Pindus mountains and lost its commanding officer on 8 January 1941 to enemy fire.
After the reform the Val Tagliamento received the war flag and traditions of the 11th Alpini Fortification Grouping, moved its headquarters to Tolmezzo, and fielded 16 Alpini companies for an organic strength of over 2,500 men, making it by far the largest battalion in the Italian Army.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
On 26 September 1992 the battalion was disbanded its war flag was transferred to the shrine of the flags at the Vittoriano in Rome.
Till Sebastian Schumacher (born 10 December 1997) is a German footballer who currently plays as a defender for Czech side Bohemians 1905.
The Port aux Quilles River is a tributary of the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River flowing into the city of Saint-Siméon in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, Quebec, Canada .
The course of this river flows into the St. Lawrence River in the village of Port-aux-Quilles, northeast of the town of La Malbaie.
The Port aux Quilles River rises at the mouth of Port aux Quilles Lake (altitude: ) in the forest zone, at the foot of the Montagne de la Croix.
On the outskirts of this lake, the resort is established around the eastern bay, near the mouth, because of the path of Port aux Quilles Lake which serves this area.
The 2019-20 Connecticut Huskies Men's ice hockey season was the 60th season of play for the program, the 22nd at the Division I level, and the 6th season in the Hockey East conference.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
While doing so, Lilyn meets a man names Masala, who resides in a village where the skylight has been turned off after angering Sheargan.
Some noteworthy characteristics of this species are the tiny size of its leaves and flowers and that both are also fleshy.
The buildings were converted into barracks capable of accommodating two infantry battalions in 1892 and initially became the home of the 2nd Battalion, the Royal West Surrey Regiment.
The Royal Military Police, who had previously been based at a hutted camp at Mytchett, made it their depot in 1947.
It remained the location for all military police training until a new depot was established at Roussillon Barracks in Chichester in 1964.
News of the Week), sometimes shortened to Novosti, is an Israeli weekly newspaper geared at the Russian-speaking population of the country.
Think Smart, Be Fearless: A Biography of Bill Gates is a 2019 picture book biography of Bill Gates written by Sharon Mentyka and illustrated by Vivien Mildenberger.
Ibrahim Div-Keïta (born 18 January 1996) is a French footballer who currently plays as a forward for Czech side Bohemians 1905.
The Loutre River is a tributary of the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River, flowing into the town of La Malbaie, between the towns of Cap-à-l'Aigle and Saint-Fidèle, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The course of this river flows into the St. Lawrence in the hamlet of Bas-de-l'Anse, northeast of the town of La Malbaie.
Hanukkah in television, the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah (which commemorates the victory of the Maccabees over the Greeks), is represented and referenced to in a number of television series of various genres such as comedy, sitcom, drama, documentary, animated, children's, competitive, talk and reality television, among others.through a number of cultural references, tropes, and plot devices.
Hanukkah has been referenced in many different American television series, as well as Israeli, British television, Canadian, and French television, among others.
After redshirting his first year at Wake Forest in 2016, Basham Jr. played in all 13 games in 2017 and had 24 tackles.
A 50% margin of the vote needed to be obtained by the victor in order to avoid a runoff being held in November.
The house band became known as Sugar Bear and the Beehives, headed by Kent (the Sugar Bear) with guitarist Willie James Lyons and drummer Robert Plunkett.
For the next six years, this troupe backed visiting musicians, such as Fenton Robinson, Hubert Sumlin, Eddy Clearwater, Jimmy Johnson, Carey Bell, Buster Benton, John Littlejohn, Casey Jones, and Mighty Joe Young.
New coaches Davor Gobac, Massimo Savić and Vanna joined the coaching panel, replacing Tony Cetinski, Jacques Houdek and Indira Levak, respectively.
Odest Chadwicke Jenkins (born 1975) is an American computer scientist who is Professor of Computer Science at the University of Michigan.
He was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2006 and made a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2019.
Jenkins moved to the University of Southern California for his doctoral studies, where he worked with Maja Matarić on humanoid agents.
In 2006 he was awarded a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers for his work on autonomous robot control and perception.
In 2015 Jenkins joined the Computer Science and Engineering Division of the University of Michigan where he was made a Professor in Michigan's Robotics Institute.
For example, Jenkins taught a robot to do the Cabbage Patch by programming it to watch his dance moves and then attempt to replicate them.
Jenkins created a quadrotor drone that allowed Evans to see parts of the world that had previously been inaccessible to him.
Jenkins has called for more African Americans to get involved with robotics, and for people to be more aware of whether everyone is being given equal opportunities in education and academia.
He has supported students from underrepresented backgrounds in their participation at the Tapia Conference for the Celebration of Diversity in Computing.
The mountain is situated west of the head of Finlay Reach of Williston Lake, and a remote south of Fort Ware in the Cassiar Land District.
Sir John Pelly (1777–1852) served as Governor of Hudson's Bay Company for three decades, and his name is attached to many geographic features in Canada, including but not limited to Pelly River, Pelly Mountains, Pelly Island, Pelly Bay, Mount Pelly, and Fort Pelly.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Pelly Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
James E. Fitzpatrick (July 9, 1908 – February 28, 1967) was an American politician who served as the 32nd Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
He would continue to serve on the board for thirteen years and during that time was elected as president of the board of aldermen.
Incumbent Republican Mayor C. Douglas Cairns chose to not run for reelection and Fitzpatrick defeated Paul C. Dorn in a landslide by 994 votes with 4,920 votes to 3,926 votes.
During his tenure he and the board of alderman signed a petition asking President Eisenhower to review the order that would close the Ethan Allen Air Force Base.
On March 7 Robert K. Bing unexpectedly defeated Fitzpatrick with 4,953 votes to 4,024 votes despite having never held an elected office nor being involved in city politics prior to the mayoral race.
On September 11, 1961 Fitzpatrick was appointed to Burlington's airport commission against the will of Mayor Bing and would continue to serve on the commission until his death.
On June 24, 1964 he won the endorsement of the Chittenden County Democratic Committee to succeed John J. Burns as postmaster of Burlington, but never took the civil service examine and on August 25, 1965 announced that he would not accept the congressional appointment to the postmaster office.
In 1967 he talked about the posibility of him returning to the board of aldermen, but on February 28, 1967 he suffered a heart attack and died.
He's just bumped off a traitor in Vegas who'd fleeced the organization to the tune of $720,000 - and now he's discovered that his new girlfriend, Irene, was the dead man's wife.
Complexity builds upon complexity, irony builds upon irony, murder follows murder, and tension mounts as the improbable story of the two married killers races to its climax.
Condon attacked his targets, usually gangsters, financiers, and politicians, wholeheartedly but with a uniquely original style and wit that made almost any paragraph from one of his books instantly recognizable.
In Prizzi's Honor Condon's normal exuberance is somewhat muted because the entire book is narrated through the viewpoints of the semi-literate underworld characters who populate it.
He was asleep, but even in repose his face was as subtly distorted and burnished as that of a giant crown of thorns starfish predator.
All of Condon's books have, to an unknown degree, the names of real people in them as characters, generally very minor or peripheral.
The real-life Heller was a television director in New York City in the 1950s, '60s, and 70s, who initially lived on Long Island and then moved to a house on Rockrimmon Road in Stamford, Connecticut.
In this book Marxie Heller plays a somewhat more important role than usual, being the husband of Charley's future wife, Irene, before being shot to death by Charley in the garage of Irene's Los Angeles home.
But all too soon the lovers' matter-of-fact murdering becomes sick instead of offbeat, while Condon's cheerful non-stop vulgarity shifts from gritty to gross.
And, though intermittently inspired in its low-life linguistics, this rather slow-paced, loose-plotted farce/melodrama succeeds neither as dog-eat-dog black comedy nor as Mafioso thriller/romance.
Lucas Dias do Nascimento Serafim (born 6 March 1997), commonly known as Lucas Dias, is a Colombian footballer currently playing as a forward for Vlašim.
Her work ranges from animated gifs to self-portraiture, videos, and performance to editioned clothing and electronic music exploring gentrification, the millennial mindset, mental health, and the lived black experience.
They use the internet as a medium to share their artwork, empower black and brown communities, and challenge ideas of solidarity and alliance.
She had exhibitions and/or performances at the Eyebeam, AdVerse Fest, SleepCenter, Times Square Arts, International Center of Photography, Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture, Babycastles, Museum of the Moving Image, and Museum of Contemporary African Disaporan Arts, Roots & Culture amongst many notable venues.
Coming from a family of creatives where her mother, Marilyn Nance is a photographer and father a documentary filmmaker, Santana was encouraged to make art as they were growing up.
Worked is a digitally manipulated image of the artist, partially naked with her lower body away from the camera as she gazes forward whilst wearing an apron.
In 2015, Santana mounted a solo show showcasing digitally manipulated images with soundscapes at the Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts.
Commissioned by a Rhizome Microgrant in 2015, 'RaFia's World' is a static website serving as an archive of written works and drawings from Santana's childhood.
It is a selection of memories written anecdotally that I illustrated at age six for the purpose of living on my mom’s website as an art piece (my first net art!).
It features video works by Hattie Ball, Michelle Marie Charles, Angelina Fernández, Reagan Holiday, María José, Nandi Loaf, Liz Mputu, Sondra Perry, and Santana herself.
As a parody retrospective of emerging artists curated by maneul abreu, the exhibition featured artworks made by artists of colour in a storefront space located in the gentrified and trendy neighborhood of Bushwick.
As part of Midnight Moment's residency, Santana created a multi-billboard animated video piece that would show for a minute every night for a month in New York in April 2019.
The Noire River is a tributary of the North-West shore of Saint Lawrence River flowing north-east of La Malbaie, in the municipality of Saint-Siméon, in Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, in Canada.
The lower portion of this valley is served by Route 138 which runs along the shoreline of the St. Lawrence River.
The surface of the Black River is usually frozen from early December to late March, however, safe ice movement is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
This spring is located at west of the mouth of the Noire River (confluence with the St. Lawrence River, south of Anse St. John of the Saguenay River, south-west of the mouth of the Saguenay River and northwest of downtown La Malbaie.
The mouth of the Noire River flows on the northwestern shore of the St. Lawrence River on the north side of the village of Saint-Siméon.
In 2018, he was named the Big Ten Conference Smith-Brown Defensive Lineman of the Year after recording 78 tackles and 8.5 sacks.
He was named the 2019 recipient of the Burlsworth Trophy on December 9, 2019, in Springdale, Arkansas, during a reception hosted by the Brandon Burlsworth Foundation in conjunction with the Springdale Rotary Club at the Springdale Convention Center.
Supporters of the theory allege physical differences in facial features, bodily dimensions, or behavior between the original and replacement Melania, and changes in President Donald Trump's language in referring to Melania.
An October 13 Facebook post of the theory by an actress named Andrea Wagner Barton quickly gained nearly a hundred thousand shares.
Others noted an image where Melania was accompanied by another woman, appearing to be a Secret Service agent, with a very similar appearance.
On May 14, 2018, Melania reportedly underwent an embolization, which is a minimally invasive procedure that deliberately blocks a blood vessel in order to treat a benign kidney condition.
During this period she was not seen in public for five weeks, while the White House refused for most of that period to comment on her absence at all, spurring further theories.
In one instance, when asked about Melania, Trump told pool reporters that she was watching them from a window, pointing to the window, which was clearly empty.
An alternative theory proposed after the surgery episode was that Melania had had plastic surgery, possibly a facelift or breast enlargement, resulting in different appearance.
Late night talk show host Stephen Colbert has poked fun at the theory by having actress Laura Benanti appear on his show as a Melania impersonator.
The Malathyros executions () refer to the mass execution by firing squad of 61 male civilians from the village of Malathyros in Crete, Greece by German forces on 28 August 1944 during World War II.
The village of Malathyros (also spelled Malathiros, ) is located at an altitude of , southeast of Kissamos and southwest of Chania.
During the Axis occupation of Crete, the village had a population of approximately 300 people who sheltered British SOE personnel and aided local resistance fighters.
For the entire day, they were interrogated to reveal the whereabouts of the British, but they refused to cooperate despite being tortured and brutally beaten.
Brazal received her first degree in 1981, a BS in management engineering from Ateneo de Manilla University in Quezon City, Philippines.
She later pursued studies in theology, first at Maryhill School of Theology in Quezon City, before completing a STL (1994) and a SThD (1998), both from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium.
She taught at Maryhill School of Theology (1998–2012), St. Vincent School of Theology (2012–2015), and, since 2016, has been at De la Salle University, where she is presently a full professor in theology and religious education.
She was a founding member and past president of the Catholic Theological Society of the Philippines (DaKaTeo) and a founding member and past president of the Ecclesia of Women in Asia (EWA), an organization that encourages Catholic Asian female theologians to be heard as equal partners with male theologians.
Jahangir Khan (born 3 October 2000) is a Pakistani professional footballer who currently plays for Hong Kong Premier League club Happy Valley.
Radical Gotham: Anarchism in New York City from Schwab's Saloon to Occupy Wall Street is a 2017 history book edited by Tom Goyens and published by the University of Illinois Press.
Henry, a 12 years-old boy, finds out his family dark legacy when his mysterious grandfater suddenly dies leaving him alone on an isolated farm.
His plan for the school focused on creating a home-like setting for students, which included large classrooms, natural lighting, and fireplaces.
Travelers and vacationers were drawn to the natural springs in the area and stayed at the resort owned by lawyer and state legislator, Elias Drake.
When she first moved to Wilberforce, Ohio, she began to research the history of the town and found the story of Tawawa House.
The first fully staged production with sets and complete score was not performed until 2014 at the Townsend Opera in Modesto, California.
Viana is a commune, with a population of 1,382,854 (2014 census), located in the municipality of Viana in Luanda Province, Angola.
On 10 December 2019, Vandevoordt, aged 17 years 287 days, became the youngest goalkeeper in UEFA Champions League history, playing 90 minutes in a 4–0 loss to Napoli.
Nathalie Benoit qualified to represent France after winning the silver medal in the PR1 Women's single sculls event at the 2019 World Rowing Championships.
Christophe Tanche, Alain Quittet, Tanguy de la Forest, Cédric Fèvre-Chevalier and Didier Richard qualified to compete at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
This type of priming entails the evaluation of people, ideas, objects, goods, etc., not only based on the physical features of those things, but also on affective context.
Most research and concepts about affective priming derive from the affective priming paradigm, which looks to make judgments of neutral affective targets following positive, neutral, or negative primes.
The main idea of AMP is to measure implicit attitudes, therefore, if the evaluation of the prime stimuli of an object is positive, it is said that the person has a positive attitude toward the object exposed.
The intent of this affective priming paradigm had initially the intent of eliminating the bias created by affective priming research self-reports.
Added to this, it has found that deeper processing of the target being evaluated can significantly hinder the influence of the prime.
On the other hand, deeper processing prime significantly increases the prime’s influence and it is retrieved more easily in subsequent occasions.
Some arguments in favor of a strong relationship between the two argue that these affective priming processes 1) lack intentionality, 2) are highly efficient, 3) have reduced controllability, 4) are triggered at a high speed, especially when there is a motivationally relevant stimulus, and 5) there is reduced awareness of the origin, meaning, and occurrence of the response.
Other factors that contribute to this relationship between affective priming and automatic processing include switching tasks, salience asymmetry, and potentially strategic recoding.
There is much discussion in the world of psychology about the effects of valence and arousal in affect priming, since they both seem to affect it, but there has been little research on which of the two has a greater effect on this type of priming.
For example, one study by Yao, Shu, and Luo asserts that valence has a greater effect, based on their findings regarding the stability of valence-driven priming effects against arousal-driven effects and their information in the semantic system.
Francesco Antonucci (born 20 June 1999) is a Belgian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Volendam, on loan from AS Monaco.
Hecquet was concerned with health from a diet perspective and campaigned against the consumption of meat, stating it interfered with digestion and circulation of the blood.
Hecquet noted how the rich often consumed lots of expensive meat, spicy sauces and strong wine which was bad for health.
He argued that such a diet was difficult for the body to digest and impaired the elasticity of the fluid-bearing organs.
The Highland Park Water Tower is a historic water tower on the west side of Green Bay Road in Highland Park, Illinois.
This is a list of sovereign states in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2029.
Joseph David Eaton (born 16 May 1931) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Thorsparken, a small public park between Thorsgade and Allersgade, offers facilities such as a playground, soccer cage, picnic tables and benches.
At the time of the 1870 census, Thorsgade was still only home to 22 families and It only consisted of five house numbers (No.
The street was towards the end of the century extended to Nørrebrogade (then Lygtevej) in one end and to Mimersgade (then Rosagade ) in the other.
The site where Thorsgade meets Tagensvej had until then been the site of a windmill named Tagensmølle and Mansfeld Hollners Teknisk Kemiske Fabrik (Mansfeld Hollner's Technical Chemical Factory).
Donaldson has won a number of awards including the Allingham Award, the National Women's Poetry Competition and the Cuirt New Writing Award as well as four awards from the Arts Council of Northern Ireland.
Donaldson has had her work featured on BBC Radio and television and on the Channel 4 production, Poems to Fall in Love With.
Doris Gwendoline Helliwell (b. December 16, 1895, Ecclesall Bierlow, Sheffield, England) was a renowned concert pianist in early Johannesburg, South Africa.
Doris performed at a number of concert venues from 1910 to 1915, and received considerable praise in the press for her interpretations of difficult and intricate piano pieces.
After their 2 children were born she was persuaded by the Cape Town photographer H. Goldstone to enter into the national weekly journal, South African Pictorial's Beauty Competition.
In the exploratory days of the early 1900s, despite modern controversy over the practice, game hunting was a substantial source of income for the family.
The 1978 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the 1st edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested by Ghana, winners of the 1978 African Cup of Nations, and Iran, winners of the 1976 AFC Asian Cup.
The Barha Dynasty, is a dynasty of Arab origin, descending from the 7th Century AD Caliph, Ali, Ali himself was a descendant of Adnan a vassal and contemporary of the famous 7th Century BC Babylonian Emperor Nebuchadnezzar II.
Adnan as an Ishmaelite traced his descent back to Ishmael and therefore the Barha Dynasty traces its ancestry back to the Biblical Prophet Abraham through his eldest son Ishmael.
It is among the largest and oldest royal houses in India and the world, and consists of Abdullah al Wasiti, the founder of the dynasty, and his male-line descendants, who ruled in South Asia from their arrival at the close of the 10th Century until the second half of the 20th Century.
When the abolition of Indian Princely States including the Princely State of Rampur ruled by the Rohilla branch of the Barha Dynasty brought their rule to an end.
However, it is best remembered for its member's role as de facto rulers over most of South Asia at the start of the 18th Century, as well as their general tolerance to their non-Muslim subjects.
The Nawabs of Rampur eliminated communal violence and during the Partition Riots when other rulers such as those of the Sikh States, Alwar and Bharatpur widely believed to have ordered the ethnic cleansing of their Muslim subjects, the Nawab however, strictly forbade his hot-blooded Pashtun nobles from committing reprisal attacks against non-Muslims.
While the powerful Nawab Hussain Ali Khan and Nawab Abdullah Khan abolished poll tax against non-Muslims throughout India, brought the Marathas into the Mughal fold and helped win over Hindu Rajasthani rulers like Ajit Singh of Marwar.
In reference to the twelve townships that members of the dynasty had received as fiefs from Sultan Shibabdudin of Ghor when they first arrived in India.
The dynasty descends in the male line from the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali, through his younger son Hussain who married Shahrbanu, herself a daughter of the Sassanian emperor of Persia, Yazdegard III.
One ancestor, Isa bin Zayd, revolted against the Caliph Al Mahdi and was consequently poisoned by that caliph at the age of 45.
Subsequently, the dynasty were heavily persecuted by the Abbasid government, and eventually the founder of the Barha dynasty, Abul Farah Al Wasiti, fled from Madina to Wasit and from there he fled to the Ghaznavid Empire.
His four sons entered into the military service of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni and received twelve fiefs in Punjab, then a part of the Ghaznavid Empire, as reward for their service.
Thus the dynasty became quickly established as Nobles of the Sword in ancient India, a status they held under several different empires.
When the Chief of the Barha, who was also the Diwan of the empire, was granted the fief of Saharanpur due to his relation with the imperial family.
They also enjoyed particularly prominent positions under the reign of the Sur, eventually defecting during the last days in the reign of Sikander Sur of the Sur Empire, to the Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire in the course of the siege of Mankot .
The Barha dynasty maintains the unique status of having been the only dynasty to participate in all three Battles of Panipat, seminal battles which shaped Indian History.
In the Second Battle of Panipat they gained victory under Bairam Khan, and finally in the Third Battle Of Panipat, the sons of Nawab Ali Muhammad Khan Rohilla fought with Ahmed Shah Abidali against the Maratha.
He had four sons, of who the eldest Umar Shahid settled in Jansath, a second son Chaman settled in Chitaura and a third son Hassan settled in Bihari and a fourth Ahmad made his home in Kawal in the pargana of Jansath.
Umar found Jansath already occupied by Jats and Brahmins however during the branch's ascendancy in the later mughal era, the branch extended itself so much that Jansath became detached from the Jauli pargana.
Its also from this branch that the famous Nawab Abdullah Khan I emerged, better known in places like Ajmer as Sayyid Mian.The branch benefited from Aurangzeb's reign and by the time Aurangzeb passed away, the branch had considerable influence with Sayyid Mian's sons Nawab Hussain Ali Khan and Nawab Abdullah Khan II being attached to the future emperor Bahadur Shah.
Nawab Hussain Ali Khan and Nawab Abdullah Khan II also known as the Sayyid Brothers were positioned such that when Bahadur Shah I ascended to the throne with the help of the brothers, he granted the former the government of Patna and the latter the government of Allahbad.
In 1709, Sayyid Ahmad, Sayyid Khan, Sayyid Hussain Khan and Sayyid Ghairat Khan all distinguished themselves in crushing a rebellion of Hindu Princes on the Narbada.
The Tihaanpuris continued to distinguish themselves in Punjab, Gujrat and along the Indus until they reach supremacy and became masters over South Asia.
In 1712, the sons of Sayyid Mian, having found themselves in a dangerous position and distrustful of other ministers at Delhi, took it upon themselves to raise Prince Furrukhsiyar to the throne as Emperor.
During the process the sons of Sayyid Mian distinguished themselves in battle, with Sayyid Nurudin Ali Khan, Najmudin Ali Khan and Saifudin Ali Khan having fought gallantly in the battles of Sarai Alam Chand (Allahbad) and Agra.
Nawab Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan who thereafter became known as Abdullah Khan II, was appointed as Grand Vezier with the title of Qutb al Mulk, while Nawab Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan was appointed as Commander-in-Chief with the title of Amir ul Mammalik.
In the demise of the Sayyid Brothers many other Sayyids of note fell with them, first with the assassination of Hussain Ali Khan and later at the Battle of Hasanpur where Abdullah Khan II was captured.
Descending from Sayyid Chaman who settled in Chitura, this branch gained much influence during the reign of Shah Jahan when Sayyid Jalal become a high ranking Mansabdar and was given possession of Kharwa Jalalpur in the Sardhan pargana of Meerut.
He used his influence at court to help the Raja of Sambalhera to confirm his dignity in the male line to his son, Ram Chand.
Being so pleased with the service rendered to her, she passed on the entirety of her estate to Sayyid Hassan, who was latter confirmed in its possession as the Nawab of Sambelhera.
Sayyid Sher Ali who died without issue, Sayyid Ahmad who was killed fighting Ratan Sen of Chitor and whose descendants settled in Kailawada and another descendant fought under the Emperor Muhammad Shah, Sayyid Tajudin whose son Sayyid Umar founded Kakrauli and colonised the local towns of Rauli Nagla and Bera and the last son Sayyid Salar Auliya who obtained Kaithora in a similar manner to his grandfather.
He had two sons, Sayyid Haider Khan whose descendant Sayyid Shahamat Khan settled in Miranpur and founded the Haider Khan Family and Sayyid Muhammad Khan whose descendants remained in Kaithora and formed the Muhammad Khani family.
They additionaliy held a Jagir of twenty eight villages in Ahmedabad which they gained in return for their service in annihilating their Tihanpuri brethren and which they retained until 1850.
There is a still Mosque in Morna built in the name of the wife of Nawab Hassan Khan, bakshi of Muhammad Shah.
They are descendants of Sayyid Najmudin Hussain, who first settled at Bidauli, and some generations later his descendant Sayyid Fakhrudin moved to Palri in the Jauli pargana.
Members of this branch reached high positions during the reign of Akbar and subsequent Emperors, but none gained the prominence which characterised other branches of the dynasty.
However the head of Bidauli family still served as Nazim to the Nawabs of Oudh while his nephew was a Chakladar.
Having formerly gained employment under the Sur Empire, he defected to the Mughals during the siege of Mankot during which he was with Sikander Sur but later sided with the Emperor Akbar.
In the first year of Akbar's reign he fought in a campaign against Muhammad Shah whose forced were led by Raja Hemu.
In 1557 he took part in the Ajmer campaign and in the year after he took part in the capture of the fort of Jitasaran, along with an expedition against the Bhaduriyas of Hatkanth in Agra.
in 1561 he was granted a Jagir near Delhi and later took part in a campaign with the Amorha Sayyids against the Raja Madhukar of Orcha.
Pa' quererte is a Colombian telenovela produced and distribuited by RCN Televisión that premiered on RCN Televisión on 7 January 2020.
The plot revolves around 4 friends of different ages football fans who have a small team, in addition to this the 4 are non-conventional parents who will have to assume their role as parents.
George Leonard Simpson (3 December 1933–2012) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham and Mansfield Town.
Argentina Santos or Maria Argentina Pinto dos Santos (February 6, 1924 – November 18, 2019) was a Portuguese singer considered one of the last great Fado singers.
It was only after her second husband died that she was able to regain her career and her singing became popular.
Landscape architect Jens Jensen designed the estate's grounds, which he also used as a studio; these became the modern park after the home's removal.
The park includes a beach on Lake Michigan, an empty stone pool and artificial stream, and a walking path that leads to a bridge over a ravine.
Microtea, the jumby peppers, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Microteaceae, native to the Caribbean islands, Central America, and South America.
Kenneth Scott (born 13 August 1931) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Derby County and Mansfield Town.
The Tigers, led by ninth-year head coach Pat Skerry, play their home games at the SECU Arena in Towson, Maryland as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
A local barn was converted into a cooperative business that housed a general store, blacksmith, two doctors, a pharmacy and a brickyard.
In the 1940s Sheila Chesters whose husband Allen was the Wisbech Grammar School headmaster, started to run dancing classes for girls in the School gardens.
In 1955 Basil Isley also won.In 1954 they sent a part of 36, much effort had been made to ensure authenticity in the costumes by getting a local basket maker to make replicas of hats held in the Cambridgeshire museum.
The Wisbech Players was founded in 1954 through the amicable break up of the Wisbech Little Theatre drama group run by Mrs Sheila Chesters, who was also busy running this successful children's choir competing at King's Lynn Festival, Albert Hall, Edinburgh and Aldeburgh.
The productions at the turn of the century were Arsenic and Old Lace by Joseph Kesselring and 'Allo 'Allo based on the tv series by Jeremy Lloyd and David Croft.
Vaughan Watson (5 November 1931–1984) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield and Mansfield Town.
VisitDallas, formerly known as the Dallas Convention & Visitors Bureau, is a 501(c)(6) contracted by the City of Dallas to market Dallas as a convention and tourist destination.
In January 2019, the Government of Dallas released an audit uncovering evidence of misuse of taxpayer funds, mismanagement, and excessive executive compensation.
In November 2019, IRS Form 13909 was filed against VisitDallas calling for a public investigation by the Internal Revenue Service and Texas Attorney General.
In 2002, it was revealed the Dallas Convention & Visitors Bureau(DCVB), previous name of VisitDallas, was engaged in questionable spending such as spending money on expensive golf trips, paid excessive salaries, paying for expensive liquor tabs, using limos for travel to and from the airport, and going on regular trips to local strip clubs all paid for by the DCVB.
These revelations led to David Whitney, President, of the DCVB resigning with a $308,000 severance package and Chris Luna, chairman of the bureau's board of directors, stepping down.
On January 4, 2019, the City of Dallas released an audit which demonstrated lax oversight, excessive executive compensation and spending, and its inability to properly track metrics for success after spending $150 million in taxpayer funds.
The audit also highlighted how Phillip Jones, CEO, of VisitDallas didn't follow expense report policies having identified charges which included magazine subscriptions, valet service, and a $543 Tumi backpack.
The audit called into question whether the City would renew its contract which is due to expire on September 30, 2020 with many Council Members issuing calls to end it by then if not sooner.
VisitDallas receives most of its revenue from hotel occupancy tax (HOT) and the Dallas Tourism Public Improvement District (DTPID), hotels in the city with 100 or more rooms averaging $30 million each year.
The audit found it put all of its money into one bank account which is a direct violation of state law.
It was also found that annual payments made to the Convention Center were often late and taken from the Dallas Tourism Public Improvement District (DTPID).
For example, VisitDallas has a spending cap of $180 per night but found Phillip Jones, CEO, of VisitDallas spent $17,069 on 18 hotel stays averaging $950 per night.
It was also found CEO Phillip Jones spent $7,000 on gifts which were not documented in expense reports and that he had preference for using private car services instead of cheaper options like Uber or Lyft.
Since 2014, the CEO of VisitDallas paired overseas and domestic trips on behalf of the city with endurance racing contests in California, Quebec, Norway, England, and France claiming expenses were paid out of his own pocket although financial records cannot validate that claim.
Phillip Jones, CEO, of VisitDallas had an annual salary of $700,000 (an estimated $28,000 every two weeks) making him one of the highest paid tourism executives in the country.
It was later found loans totaling $225,000 were made to Phillip Jones which were not documented on their IRS Form 990.
According to state law, loans may be made by nonprofits to their executives only if they directly or indirectly benefit its mission.
(a) A corporation may lend money to or otherwise assist an employee or officer of the corporation, but not a director, if the loan or assistance may reasonably be expected to directly or indirectly benefit the corporation.” In a statement to The Texas Monitor, it was claimed these loans were for medical treatments for Phillip Jones's son.
It was found the number of employees making over $100,000 between 2016 and 2017, increased from 16 individuals to 30 even though membership fees, collected from local businesses in exchange for promotion, dropped 26%.
Their 2017 IRS Form 990 included a 6% salary increase for CEO Phillip Jones and a $196,703 bonus, 11% increase for Matthew Jones, CFO, with a $128,042 bonus, and a 53% increase for Frank Librio, CMO.
The Internal Revenue Service is charged with enforcing the Federal Private Inurement Prohibition prohibiting a tax-exempt organization’s decision makers—board members, trustees, officers, or key employees—from receiving unreasonable benefits from the nonprofit’s income or assets.
Excessive compensation paid to nonprofit executives is the most common violation of this prohibition leading to hefty fines on the persons involved.
In addition, excessive executive compensation may result in the required return of the excessive amount and penalty taxes imposed on senior executives as well as the board members who approved it.
It was revealed VisitDallas spent approximately $150 million of hotel occupancy taxes and tourism district funds between 2013 and 2017 which it is not able to verify how or how well those dollars were spent.
After the release of the report, VisitDallas defended its action by stating policies were already in place addressing concerns found in the audit.
On February 19, 2019, VisitDallas appeared before the Government Performance and Financial Management Committee of the Dallas City Council to respond to findings uncovered by the audit.
Council Members Scott Griggs and Phillip Kingston motioned for the full council to ask the city manager to sever the contract with VisitDallas although it failed 3-2.
It was also uncovered senior executives attempted to influence the Dallas Mayoral race by using the political arm of the Texas Hotel & Lodging Association to donate $1,000 to Miguel Solis, Albert Black, Jason Villalba, Regina Montoya, and Mike Ablon to bolster opponents of Scott Griggs who was one of the most vocal critics of VisitDallas.
As a part of his severance agreement, Phillip Jones received a $600,000 severance package to be paid in 24 payments of $25,000 each.
He began working as Chief Destination Marketing Officer for the Royal Commission for Al-Ula in Saudi Arabia according to his LinkedIn profile.
At the time, the departure of Matthew Jones was portrayed as a resignation although it was later uncovered he was actually fired therefore not eligible to receive a severance package.
Later that month, the Texas Attorney General ruled in a Freedom of Information Act (United States) that the City of Dallas did have to release all information regarding who on the Dallas City Council used a suite payed for by VisitDallas at the American Airlines Center mostly siding with Matthew Jones in citing it would put them at a competitive disadvantage.
As a result of the release of this list, it was found that Dallas City Council Member Casey Thomas failed to disclose events he attended since 2016 using the VisitDallas suite at the American Airlines Center.
In a rebuttal, VisitDallas stated the suite passes shouldn’t be considered gifts that needing to be reported on financial disclosure forms even though a panel of the city’s Ethics Advisory Commission disagreed allowing the complaint to move forward.
This resulted in a 6 - 1 vote by the Ethics Advisory Commission ruling Dallas City Council Member Casey Thomas violated city code by failing to disclose these tickets but promised to recuse himself from any votes related to VisitDallas.
In September 2019, it was revealed VisitDallas was considering eliminating Board seats occupied by Dallas City Council Members which are appointed by Mayor Eric Johnson (Texas politician).
In October 2019, VisitDallas appeared at a public meeting with the Dallas City Council which at times proved to be highly contentious to discuss corrective actions taken since the release of the audit.
Your boss is the city of Dallas.” Near the end of the meeting, Far North Dallas’ Dallas City Council Member Cara Mendelsohn recommended to city staff to begin preparations to find a new organization to market Dallas, either through a Request for Proposal process or by a limited government corporation similar to VisitHouston.
To placate concerns held by Dallas City Council Members, Interim CEO Sam Coats revealed several sales executives were fired and the Board would be voting on reducing the number of Board Members from 55 to as few as 20.
In November 2019, the Dallas City Council approved an amended agreement with VisitDallas as it enters the final year of its contract with many Council Members publicly acknowledging they did so begrudgingly.
In November 2019, Internal Revenue Service Form 13909 was filed against VisitDallas and forwarded to the Texas Attorney General alleging misuse of taxpayer funds, mismanagement, and excessive executive compensation.
The Texas Attorney General will be seeking evidence of a diversion of charitable assets or gross mismanagement resulting in a significant financial loss or other substantial harm to the charity or the public interest.
However, it has recently been revealed VisitPITTSBURGH had previously faced the same issues of lack of accountability and controversial executive pay packages as VisitDallas has encountered.
Jenay was killed in a Ford Explorer, consequence of a drive-by shooting at the age of 42 in Villa del Toa in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico in 2019.
J. Cole: 4 Your Eyez Only is a documentary directed by J. Cole and Scott Lazer, and produced by Cole, Tim Grant, Ibrahim Hamad and Adam Roy Rodney.
θ[ε]όδοτος Οὐεττήνου, ἱερεὺς καὶ | ἀ[ρ]χισυνάγωγος, υἱὸς ἀρχισυν[αγώ]|γ[ο]υ, υἱονὸς ἀρχισυν[α]γώγου, ᾠκο|δόμησε τὴν συναγωγ[ὴ]ν εἰς ἀν[άγν]ω||σ[ιν] νόμου καὶ εἰς [δ]ιδαχ[ὴ]ν ἐντολῶν, καὶ τ[ὸ]ν ξενῶνα, κα[ὶ τὰ] δώματα καὶ τὰ χρη|σ[τ]ήρια τῶν ὐδάτων εἰς κατάλυμα τοῖ|ς [χ]ρῄζουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς ξέ[ν]ης, ἢν ἐθεμε|λ[ίμω]σαν οἱ πατέρες [α]ὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ πρε||σ[β]ύτεροι καὶ Σιμων[ί]δης.
Th[e]ódotos Ouettínou, ierèfs kaí | a[r]chisynágogos, yiós archisyn[agó]|g[o]y, yionós archisyn[a]gógou, oko|dómise tín synagog[í]n eis an[ágn]o||s[in] nómou kaí eis [d]idach[í]n entolón, kaí t[ó]n xenóna, ka[í tá] dómata kaí tá chri|s[t]íria tón ydáton eis katályma toí|s [ch]rízousin apó tís xé[n]is, ín etheme|l[ímo]san oi patéres [a]ytoú kaí oi pre||s[v]ýteroi kaí Simon[í]dis.
From 1991 to 1993 he played college tennis at the University of San Diego, before competing briefly on the professional tour.
His best performance in an ATP Tour tournament came on debut, at Long Island in 1994, where he defeated world number 44 Ronald Agénor, then lost in the second round to third seed Michael Chang.
Its nearest higher peak is The Citadel, to the southwest, and the dominant mountain in the area, Mount Daniel, rises to the west-northwest.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.
Around the time of the church's founding, Newburgh was a chiefly Protestant city, and had been that way for its nearly 200 year history.
Nearly a year later, a group of Episcopalian men gathered on December 8, 1874 in the parlor of the Newburgh Club.
These men were Daniel T. Rogers, Walter C. Anthony and Thomas Hazard Roe of Newburgh and William James Roe II and Benjamin Franklin Clark, of New Windsor, Roe's uncle.
After several more meetings, they considered the formation of a Reformed Episcopal church in Newburgh and began collecting pledges and amassing support.
Cummings came to Newburgh on August 8, 1875 to preach to an interested crowd at the American Reformed Church, which the founding members had loaned for the morning.
The founders were able to obtain the chapel of the Associate Reformed Church, and the first service was held there by the Rev.
Their membership application was sent to the Standing Committee of the Reformed Episcopal Church that night, organized under the general statute of the State of New York.
It was built in a Gothic style, capable of holding up to 250 people At the very first Easter Sunday service, the Rev.
J. W. Fairley was his assistant, and Leacock eventually fell ill and was given a leave of absence for two years, and he resigned for good on December 2, 1883.
St. George's Episcopal Church became the chief Episcopal church in Newburgh, as the others began to close in the following decades.
The Best Temple Church of God in Christ was established here, but the congregation fled after Urban Renewal pushed them out in 1962.
Fifteen year old figure skater Shirakawa Rou's mother dies in a car accident the day before his qualifying performance for the Olympic Games, rendering him grief-stricken and unable to compete.
Now orphaned, Shirakawa and his twin sister Haruna are forced to relocate from Tokyo to the home of their maternal grandfather in Tomakomai, Hokkaido.
was a commercial failure during its initial serialization, and was discontinued after less than a year at the recommendation of his editor.
Noda has speculated that the series' hard-to-remember title and slow initial chapters may have contributed to its inability to find an audience.
The 2016 Sasol GTC Championship was the inaugural season of the Sasol GTC Championship, a South African touring car racing series.
Michael Stephen became the series's first champion, taking seven race wins from the first eight races behind the wheel of an Audi A3 GTC.
Daniel Rowe took the title in GTC Production, the second class of the series consisting of production racing cars, driving a Volkswagen Golf GTi.
Each team plays the other teams in its group once, earning 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw.
If the final is a draw, a penalty shoot-out is used to decide the winner; there is no extra time played.
During the 1920s and 1930s in the Russian Far East, ethnic Chinese underwent forced migration and political repression by the Soviet Communist Party.
These Chinese included both the citizens of the Republic of China and the Soviet citizens who were identified as ethnic Chinese (Китаец).
By the 1940s, Chinese had become almost extinct in the Russian Far East, although there were more than 200 thousands Chinese before the October Revolution in 1921.
As local East Asians were forced to leave, Europeans were also forced to migrate to the Far East from Europe and Siberia, and eventually became dominant in the local population.
Among the East Asian victims of the repression, there were at least 27,558 ethnic Chinese who were directly involved in the migration and repression.
Among all Chinese victims, 3,794 of them were released by the Soviet Government, 3,922 were executed, 17,175 were forced to migrate or banished, and the rest were jailed in various places including Gulags.
On 30 October 2012, two monuments in memory of the victim of ethnic cleansing in the Far East were set up in Moscow and Blagoveshchensk.
On 30 April, Last address decided to set up an inscribed board in memorial of Van Si Syan, a Chinese victim of the Great Purge in the Moscow Office of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
As the October Revolution evoked Russian Civil War, ethnic Chinese were discriminated and repressed against by multiple parties of the war.
According to Chinese diplomatic documents, the dead bodies of Chinese nationals were left in the open air where the White Army had passed, some wound by guns or blades, some frozen to death after being robbed of clothing.
The Red Army was also said to be poorly disciplined, who raped and tortured the Chinese, setting the Chinese houses and goods on fire.
Besides, the allied army randomly searched the belongings of the Chinese workers and if they thought anything was in suspicion, they would regard the workers as communists and kill them without interrogation.
The Soviet Communist Party started to carry out what was called the New Economic Policy after the civil war, which soon attracted Chinese migrants back to the Russian Far East where working forces were lacking.
Although the Soviet Government also migrated 66,202 from Europe to the region, the rising number of Chinese made a tremendous impact on the local economy.
By the late 1920s, the Chinese had controlled more than half commerce places and share of trade in the Far East.
Tension escalated as fake and low-quality goods sold by some Chinese businessmen stereotyped the Chinese as swindlers and thieves among the local Russians.
On 1 June 1930, a small-scale armed conflict broke out between the two races in Leninskiy, Vladivostok initiated with Russian workers' fight against their Chinese managers, which injured 27, 3 among them permanently disabled.
Russians in the region viewed most Chinese new-comers as non-Russian-speakers, misers, renegers and cheaters, while the Chinese regarded the Russians as addicts to violence and brutality, frequent violent threateners, unreasonable people, and fools.
Millionka (百万庄/百万街 in Chinese, in Russian) in District 18 of Vladivostok, which was densely populated by the Chinese, was free from governmental control except for taxation.
The Chinese were spontaneously organized according to their origins in China, their gangs, and their religious groups, which were independent of Soviet society.
Since the late 1920s, the Soviet Union tautened the control along the Sino-Soviet border with following measures: 1) stricter security check for entry into the Union; 2) taxing the outbound packages, whose worth should be less than 300 rubles, at a rate of 34%.
When the Chinese were leaving the Soviet Union, they would need to pay an extra 14-ruble outbound fee and to be checked nakedly.
Extra taxation, including that of business license, business, income, profits, private debts, docks, poverty, school, etc., was assigned to the Chinese and their properties.
In 1926, People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs resolved to use any means to stop Chinese and Koreans migrating into Soviet territory, as they were regarded to cause danger to the Soviet Union.
In 1928, Arsenyev Mikhail Mikhailovich (Арсеньев Михаил Михайлович), Staff Colonel of Red Army Headquarter, submitted a report to Far Eastern Commission, advising that free migration from China and Korea in the areas bordering the countries should be stopped and that the area should be filled with migrants from Siberia and Europe instead.
On 19 July 1929, the Soviet Union discontinued its diplomatic relation with the Republic of China, will all diplomats recalled or expelled to their home countries.
Thousands of Chinese in Irkutsk, Chita and Ulan-Ude were arrested due to reasons including breach of local orders and tax evasion.
When they were to leave Russia, any Chinese to cross the border with more than 30 rubles in cash will need to pay the surplus to the authority.
On 12 August, the newspaper stated that there were still 1,600-1,700 Chinese in jail in Vladivostok, and that each of them was provided with a piece of rye bread daily and underwent various tortures.
On 26 August, the newspaper continued that the detained Chinese in Khabarovsk only had a bread soup for meal daily, among which a lot of people had hanged them due to unbearable starvation.
On 14 September, the newspaper stated that another thousand of Chinese in Vladivostok were arrested, with almost no Chinese remaining in the city.
On 15 September, the newspaper continued that Vladivostok had arrested more than 1,000 Chinese during 8 and 9 September and that there were estimated to be more than 7,000 Chinese in jail in the city.
On 21 August 1937, the deportation of Koreans, the largest ethnic group of all Asians in the Russian Far East, began being carried out.
On 10 November, the Republic of China Consulate in Chita reported to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that the Soviet was migrating 30,000 Europeans to Siberia and the Far East monthly to strengthen defence and economic construction in the region, and that to save space for the European migrants and to avoid Chinese or Korean collusion with Japan and Manchukuo, the policy to remove Koreans and Chinese was enforced.
On 22 December, Nikolai Yezhov ordered Genrikh Lyushkov, Chair of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) in the Far East, to arrest all Chinese with provocation and terrorist aims with no regard to their nationality.
Any anti-Soviet Chinese, Chinese spies, Chinese smugglers and Chinese criminals of Soviet nationality should be tried by a three-people group led by Lyushkov, anti-Soviet Chinese and Chinese spies to be suppressed.
Mikhail Iosifovich Dimentman led NKVD in Primorsky Krai to take actions to purge the Polish, the German, the Koreans and the Chinese in Vladivostok at the night of 24 December 1937.
On 29 December, Primorsky Krai launched a purge against the Chinese, leading to 853 arrests according to the Krai Governmental records.
On 10 January 1938, Yu Ming, Charge-D of the Chinese embassy in Moscow, Soviet Union lodge representations to the Soviet Union, urging the authority to release the Chinese.
The Chinese request to meet the chief officer of the Department of the Far East of People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs on the following day (11 January 1938) was declined by the officer who claimed to be sick.
On 13 January, some Chinese reported to Chinese consulates in Vladivostok and Khabarovsk that the detained Chinese were starving and even tortured to death, yet the NKDA reject any meeting or food donation by the Chinese consulates.
On 22nd, the Chinese Consulate in Khabarovsk reported another hundred of innocent Chinese arrested during the previous night by NKVD and that it was heard previously arrested Chinese were forced to work in those remote, cold areas.
The deeds were as brutal as the exclusion of China in 1900, during which many were drowned in the Heilongjiang River.
After the Chinese sheltered by the Chinese Consulate all left the Consulate, the Soviet authority restarted to search and seize the Chinese.
As the Soviet had established tremendous checkpoints around the Chinese Consulate, the Chinese were unable to return to the Consulate for help, which made almost all the Chinese in Vladivostok arrested.
Since 18 April 1938, Wang Chonghui, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the China Nationalist Government, and Ivan Trofimovich, Soviet Ambassador to China, had a 4-day talk over the detention of the Chinese nationals in the Russian Far East.
On 10 June 1938, the Soviet Politburo passed the resolution on Relocation of the Chinese in the Far East, which stopped compelling Chinese in the Russian Far East.
If the Chinese person was unwilling to move to Xinjiang, he/she would be relocated to a Soviet territory except for the frontier closed and forted area in the Far East.
If the Chinese person was unwilling to move to Xinjiang but he has no property in the Far East, he/she should be relocated to Kazakhstan.
During 13 June to 8 July 1938, NKVD released 2,853 Chinese after re-examine their profiles, as ordered by the Central Committees.
Among the trains, the last train travelled north and transported 941 Chinese to the remote area of Kur-Urmi, Khabarovsk , where the Chinese went free.
1939 USSR Census showed there were more than 5,567 Chinese living the Soviet Central Asia, especially Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan , most of whom were assumed to move from the Far East and East Siberia, as the Chinese population had been scarce in Central Asia during 1926-1937.
Among the trains carrying Chinese to depart from Egerseld Station during 13 June to 8 July 1938, the first 4 train carried 1379, 1637, 1613, 1560 respectively and 7,130 in total to leave the Soviet Union.
As the roads to Northeast China had been blocked by the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo, these people traveled west along the Siberian Railway to Novosibirsk where they transfer for southward trains and returned to China via Xinjiang.
Chinese consulates issued visas for their entry into Xinjiang which concerns 8,025 Chinese, among which 3,004 visa issued by the Consulate in Khabarovsk, 2,714 issued by the Consulate in Blagoveshchensk.
Genrikh Lyushkov claimed that there were at least 11,000 Chinese arrested by the Soviet Union after he defected to Manchukuo under Japanese control on 14 June 1938, which is agreed by historians including Nikolai Bugay and Dmitry Borisovich Fartusov.
Another 2,729 Chinese were kept in normal prisons before the German invasion of Soviet in 1941, after which they were transferred to Gulag.
On 1 January 1942, the number of Chinese detained in Gulag peaked at 5,192, among which 2,632 were killed, 734 missing, 1,826 later released.
On 30 October 2012, two monuments in memory of the victim of ethnic cleansing in the Far East were set up in Moscow and Blagoveshchensk.
On 30 April, Last address decided to set up an inscribed board in memorial of Van Si Syan, a Chinese victim of great purge in the Moscow Office of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men started on 4 December 2019 in Östersund and will finished on 19 February 2020 in Antholz-Anterselva.
The distance skied is usually 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) with a fixed penalty time of one minute per missed target that is added to the skiing time of the biathlete.
The Távora River is a river that rises near Trancoso and flows north until it flows into the Douro River, of which it is a tributary.
Originating in Trancoso (district of Guarda), it passes through many locations like Vila do Abade, Vila da Ponte (Sernancelhe), Escurquela, Riodades, Granjinha, Távora, Tabuaço, etc.
This reservoir helps to normalize the Douro River flows, It is used for the production of electricity and is also recently used for the abstraction of water for public supply.
On April 19th, 2015, a student, Sid Ahmed Ghlam, was fortuitously arrested after a murder while he was planning a shooting in the churches of Saint-Cyr-et-Sainte-Julitte and St. Theresa during a Sunday Mass.
According to the priest of Saint-Cyr-Sainte-Julitte, the arrest prevented a massacre, since 300 hundred people were present in the church on that day.
The movie was first shown on May 5, 2018, at the Dallas International Film Festival and was limited released on February 22, 2019, in the United States.
Emily Martha Overend was born in Dublin on 10 August 1881, the daughter of Thomas George Overend, barrister and county court judge, and his wife Hannah (née Kingsbury).
They were an Anglo-Irish family and Lorimer was educated in Trinity College Dublin where she studied Modern Languages and finished there in 1904.
Working for Faber and Faber she translated his works along with other German language authors including Gustav Krist.Lorimer took up her scholarship when her husband retired in 1927.
The Highland Park Building Company built the house without a buyer, as it expected that the new city would attract many affluent Chicagoans in the coming years.
The Highland Park Historical Society bought the house in 1969 and converted it to a historic house museum, which opened in 1972.
She received an acceptance to Berklee College of Music, but due to tuition costs, she enrolled at the University of South Alabama instead.
Chika first gained widespread attention following an Instagram post from November 9, 2016, the day after the 2016 United States presidential election.
Never felt that, never heard of that, never tasted that, never smelled that.” Early in 2017, she created the #EgoChallenge, using the Beyoncé song of that title to promote body positivity and self-love.
On January 23, 2020, Chika confirmed the title and posted snippets of music from the EP, telling followers the release was two months away.
The 2020 Kehoe Cup was an inter-county hurling competition in the province of Leinster and Ulster, played by six county teams.
Each team plays the other teams in its group once, earning 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw.
He was runner-up for the Formula Challenge Japan in its debut year, 2006, before moving to Europe to compete in the Formula Renault championships.
In Asia, Ryuji Yamamoto had a successful career in karting, winning the Asian-Pacific Championship in 2004., his sophomore year in the competition.
He participated in the first season of the Formula Challenge Japan, achieving the 2nd place in the season, and in the World Cup Formula A, alongside drivers like Riki Christodoulou, Alexander Sims, Alvaro Parente and Jules Bianchi.
In 2007, Yamamoto moved to Europe and joined the Formula Renault, competing in France and England for the CR Scuderia as part of the Nissan Driver Development Program.
After two years in the European Formula Renault, 42 races, no wins and only two podiums, Yamamoto returned to Japan and joined the Japanese Formula 3 for the AIM Sports team.
The vesicles are arranged in neat longitudinal rows at the base of the column and more random, but still densely packed, further up the column.
There are typically 80 conical tentacles arranged in three or four rings around the oral disc, but individuals vary and may have more or fewer tentacles.
The basic color of the tentacles is the same as the column, and some individuals may show rose, purple or orange tints.
Built in the early 19th century, it is a rare surviving example of an industrial structure built for use in small-scale cottage industry from that period.
The Olney Cook Aartisan Shop stands in a rural residential area of eastern Mendon, on the north side of Hartford Avenue East a short way east of its junction with Bellingham Street.
The front facade has a two-panel garage door and sash windows in the granite basement walls, and three sash windows on the main level.
The area where this shop stands belonged to members of the Cook family, descends of Walter Cook, one of the town's early settlers.
This modest industrial shop was built sometime before 1839, when it is mentioned in a deed transferring the land from Ariel Cook to his son Olney.
Members of the Cook family are known to have engaged in the shoemaking trade in the early 19th century, and Olney Cook is listed in some records as a painter.
Modest industrial shops of this scale and state of preservation are particularly rare today, despite the fact that they were fairly numerous in the years prior to the erection of large-scale industrial facilities.
The shop was deeded to the town in 2004; the associated Cook farmhouse and barn were demolished in the early 2000s.
It was established in 1908 as the Revue d'histoire des doctrines économiques et sociales and became the Revue d'histoire économique et sociale in 1913.
The tribe is characterised by two synapomorphies: the female genitalia have an appendix bursae on the corpus bursae (as found in Pyraustinae), and the male genitalia of most Hydririni exhibit one or more hair scale patches on the central anterior edge of the abdominal sternite 8.
Apart from this, the morphology of the genitalia is rather heterogeneous: in the male genitalia, the valves are slender to broad, and the uncus and gnathos range from well-developed to reduced.
2019) has the transverse axis more or less reduced, and the signum is elongate and zipper-shaped to nearly circular; the second type is formed by a circle of radiating spines.
Hydririni in its current composition contains mostly American taxa, with the majority of them described from tropical Central and South America.
Minet’s original placement of the tribe in Glaphyriinae is likely due to homplastic characters shared by both groups, like the spatulate scales of the hindwings and the spinose signa in the corpus bursae of the female genitalia.
The 2019-20 Merrimack Warriors Men's ice hockey season was the 65th season of play for the program, the 31st at the Division I level, and the 31st season in the Hockey East conference.
Against the Enamel of a Background Rhythmic with Beats and Angles, Tones, and Tints, Portrait of M. Félix Fénéon in 1890 () is an 1890 oil painting by French artist Paul Signac.
The work is a left profile portrait of Fénéon, with his characteristic goatee beard, wearing a brown coat with black suit and white shirt, holding a black top hat and walking cane in his left hand, and delicately a cyclamen flower in the fingers of his outstretched right hand.
The angles of Fénéon's head, arm, elbow, and cane, create a zigzag pattern down the right hand side of the painting, while the curved stem and petals of the flower echo the upward curve of Fénéon's goatee.
Its composition may draw from an 1890 gouache portrait of Signac by Georges Seurat, in which Signac is depicted wearing a top hat and carrying a cane.
The swirling patterns in the background create a kaleidoscopic colour wheel with abstract designs in eight sectors meeting at a central point, contrasting with the foreground figurative portrait of Fénéon and the flower.
The background may have been inspired by a Japanese wood block print of the 1860s, perhaps a kimono pattern, which was in Signac's gallery.
By this time, the free brushstrokes of Impressionism were being succeeded by the more deliberate and scientific approach of Divisionism or Pointillism, championed by Seurat and Signac, painting with small contrasting coloured dots based on an understanding of colour theory with the intention that the pure colours would be combined in the viewer's eye and mind to create a more vivid work.
It was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendents in 1891, but was not well received by most critics, who considered that the background dominated the portrait figure.
Artworks from Fénéon's estate were sold at the Hôtel Drouot in 1947, and funds used by his widow to establish the Prix Fénéon, literary and art prizes.
The painting was part donated to the Museum of Modern Art in New York by Peggy Rockefeller and David Rockefeller in 1991.
The 2020 Purdue Boilermakers baseball team is a baseball team that represents Purdue University in the 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season.
The Boilermakers are members of the Big Ten Conference and play their home games at Alexander Field in West Lafayette, Indiana.
In October 1989, she was part of the six hand-picked delegates that traveled to the U.S. to market Singapore's art, culture, and conservation in order to change the perceptions that some people have about Singapore.
Miodrag Petrović (Dubravica, near Požarevac, Kingdom of Serbia, 12 September 1888 - Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 10 February 1950) was one of the official war artists of the Serbian army during World War I.
Miodrag Petrović graduated from the First Belgrade Gymnasium, where he learned to draw and paint from Đorđe Krstić in 1906, and then at the Rista Vukanović School he was taught by painter Marko Murat, sculptor Đorđe Jovanović, and graphic designer Dragutin Inkiostri Medenjak.
As a recipient of a government scholarship, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, Germany, until the beginning of the First World War.
He took part in the battles around Belgrade in 1914, and was part of the Serbian army's Great Retreat through the Prokletije mountains of Serbia, Montenegro, and Albania to the Greek island of Corfu during the winter of 1915.
By the end of the hostilities, he was stationed on the Salonika front, and in-field hospitals in Bizerte, Tunisia and in Algeria where 324 Serbian soldiers who did not survive medical treatment were buried at Dély Ibrahim War Cemetery.
After the war, Miodrag Petrović continued his art studies in Paris and enjoyed an accomplished and eminent artistic career like the colleagues of his generation in Serbia.In 1949 he founded a guild, the Graphic Artists Collective in Belgrade.
Joseline's Cabaret: Miami is a reality television series, which chronicles the lives of Joseline Hernandez and several strippers and sex workers residing in Miami, Florida.
On January 8, 2018, it was reported that Hernandez had signed a deal with We TV to star in her own docu-series, produced by Carlos King.
On October 11, 2019, it was announced that Joseline had signed a deal with Zeus Network, a subscription-based influencer-driven streaming service, to star and produce her own projects.
The show also features interludes with original music by Joseline and her fiancé Balistic Beats, who is credited as the show's music producer.
In 1920 Redesdale station saw 1,721 outgoing passengers, but this figure fell sharply over the next decade for the dissemination of private vehicles and decreasing population in the area.
On 3 November 1949 the railway turntable at the station snapped under the weight of the locomotive that was halfway through turning on it.
The Nannine Road District was an early form of local government area on the Western Australian goldfields of the Mid West region.
It was established on 13 October 1893, providing basic local government to the goldfields in and around the town of Nannine.
The road district was abolished on 29 October 1909, along with the Peak Hill Road District, with the Meekatharra Road District and Wiluna Road District being formed out of their former territory.
The Nannine board had been the subject of criticism from residents of Wiluna, who argued that they were seeing inadequate expenditure for the rates they were paying out.
The Nannine Road District was re-established on 2 April 1913, when the Municipality of Nannine was merged into a reconstituted, smaller road district largely separated from the Meekatharra Road District.
The road district was abolished for a second and final time on 24 January 1930 and divided between the Cue Road District and Meekatharra Road District.
In 1950, a one-room timber and iron structure in Nannine township that had formerly served as the board's office was sold off by the Meekatharra Road Board.
CODLAD (COmbined Diesel-eLectric And Diesel) is a naval propulsion system in which an electric motor and a diesel engine act on a single propeller.
The CODLAD propulsion system is based on the use of electric motors directly connected to the axes (generally two) of the propellers.
The electric motors are powered by diesel generators and to have higher speeds, as happens in CODAD propulsion systems, the higher power diesel engine is inserted which is disconnected from the transmission system to return to cruising speed.
This system that uses diesel engines for both propulsion and for the production of electricity for on-board services significantly reduces costs, as the number of diesel engines for the various ship services decreases and the electric motors need less maintenance.
Furthermore, since electric motors can work more effectively in a larger number of revolutions, and being directly connected to the propeller axis, the transmission systems for coupling and decoupling the diesel-electric systems with the diesel engines used to have higher speeds.
The mixed NOC team relay in short track speed skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 22 January at the Lausanne Skating Arena.
Tehran's Friday Prayer on 17 January 2020, was led by Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran at Grand Mosalla mosque following times of domestic and international tumultuous, including the US assassination of general Qasem Soleimani, missile attacks on US military bases in Iraq and the accidental downing of an airliner.
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) which mistakenly shot down a Ukrainian passenger plane, was protected by Ali Khamenei in the Friday sermon.
While Khamenei was giving his lecture, the US reported that 11 of its troops had been wounded in Iranian missile strikes on two US bases in Iraq on 8 January.
It has its source in the western reaches of the , at the feet of the Pico Cruces, at roughly 1,200 m above sea level.
Featuring a total length of 45 km, it flows westwards through the northwest of the province of Toledo, emptying in the Tiétar a few kilometres upstream from the , in Oropesa.
The film tells the story of the aid operation of humanitarian Diana Budisavljević for the rescue of more than 10,000 - mainly Orthodox Christian - children from concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia during WWII.
The fourth son of William Marshall of Northampton, he was educated at the University of London, graduating BA in 1862 and LLB in 1870.
He was made Queen's Counsel in 1893 and a bencher of the Inner Temple in 1900, and was a member of Convocation for the University of London.
He lived at The Oaks, Alleyn Park, Dulwich, and had chambers at 3 Harcourt Buildings, Temple then 5 Essex Court, Temple.
She was a member of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction party and in 2012 she became a member of parliament.
Pimelea angustifolia, commonly known as narrow-leaved pimelea, is a small upright, slender or open shrub with whitish, cream, yellow or pink flowers.
The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs on a short petiole, mostly linear or narrowly elliptic, smooth, mid-green throughout, long and wide.
Narrow-leaved pimelea is a widespread species, it grows from Kalbarri, in coastal areas to the South Australian border and inland north of Kalgoorlie mostly on sand, sandy clay, lateritic rock locations in sand dunes, plains, ridges and occasionally in wetter sites.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 women's matches played between member sides from 1 July 2018 onwards.
Where more than one player won her first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
It is located southwest of St. Marys on the eastern shore of Grand Lake along Ohio State Route 364, at .
Latin America , comprising South America, Central America and the Caribbean is represented under the Global Geoparks Network by the geoparks of the Latin American Geoparks Network (Red GEOLAC).
As of 2019, it includes 7 UNESCO Global Geoparks and further projects are in progress seeking UNESCO status or that of national geopark.
According to the register of GeoLAC, the following geopark projects are in an aspiring phase (documentation close to submission to UNESCO or already submitted), or under planning, in a hatching phase.
Geoparks initatives in Latin America have been the subject of geoscience conferences since 2001 and the first member, Araripe, Brazil was admitted to the Global Geoparks Network in 2005.
The network was enlarged with 3 new members in 2019 (Colca y Volcanes de Andagua, Imbabura, Kütralküra) and aspiring and planned geoparks are also related to the regional geopark network.
The 2016–17 FIS Cross-Country World Cup Finals were the 9th edition of the FIS Cross-Country World Cup Finals, an annual cross-country skiing mini-tour event.
On the second stage, the three fastest skiers in finish were awarded 15, 10 and 5 bonus seconds, and the ten first skiers to pass the intermediate sprint points were also awarded bonus seconds.
James Carr Stokley known as Jimmy Stokley (born October 18, 1943) was a co-founder, business manager, lead vocalist and flamboyant front man of the band Exile and all it's preceding names, from 1963 to 1979.
In 1962 Richmond, Kentucky a group of six high school students Jimmy Stokley, Billy Luxon, Paul Smith Jr. Mack Davenport, Doug Jones, Ernie Rhodus and Ronnie Hall founded a band called The Fascinations.
The new line up included four members of The Fascinations; Jimmy Stokley - lead vocals, Billy Luxon - trumpet, Paul Smith Jr. - bass guitar, and Mack Davenport - drums.
Mike Howard - lead guitar, Buzz Cornelison - keyboard age 15, and J P Pennington - bass guitar age 14 were recruited shortly after by Stokley and Luxon, the latter two sought permission from their parents.
There is some debate between band members as to whether Ronnie Hall moved to the new band or not, either way he joined the National Guard soon after and made no return to the band.
Jimmy Stokley and the Exiles were featured entertainers at the Miss Teen-Age Cincinnati contest finals in October 1966 as reported in The Cincinnati Enquirer, Cincinnati, Ohio on 08 Oct 1966.
They are reported as all hailing from Richmond Kentucky, attending school there, had auditioned for Dick Clark for his Caravan of Stars recently and going great guns ever since.
The Richmond native had been hospitalized several times in the previous year, and some Lexington radio and television stations had sponsored a benefit to raise money to meet his medical expenses.
Stokley is best known for his work in Exile and his lead vocal on the number one hit record Kiss You All Over in 1978.
It was an instant hit in over 60 countries and made the Top 5 of Billboard’s Year End Hot 100 Singles of 1978, then later scored in the Top 10 of Billboard’s The 50 Sexiest Songs of All Time category.
The iconic song has been showcased in feature films such as Happy Gilmore, Employee of the Month (2006 film), Zookeeper (film), Wild Hogs, and is played in it’s entirety at the end of the 7th episode of Mindhunter (TV series) currently available as a Netflix original.
It was the seventeenth (men) and eleventh (women) editions of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2020 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.
In January 2020, it was announced that he would be the next Bishop of St Germans, the suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Truro: he will be consecrated as a bishop in June 2020.
She was sold into prostitution at an early age by her male suitor, Ramnik Lal, after running away from home to Mumbai.
In the 60's, she was the only brothel owner to own a Bentley, and later in life, even met Jawaharlal Nehru to discuss the plight of sex workers and improve their living conditions.
Hughes was born in Pontrobert, Powys on 25 June 1811 the third child to writer and Calvinist minister John Hughes and his wife, maid Ruth Evans.
Hughes was baptised in her fathers chapel, Capel Uchaf Pontrobert by the recent minister who had been ordained only the month before.
Their commissions included a relief mural for Bell Street Passage in Birmingham, installed in 1987, now lost, and a canal-side artwork under the M5 motorway in Sandwell, commissioned on the same year.
I Want to Go to School Too (original title: Jag vill också gå i skolan) is a children's book written by Astrid Lindgren.
When Peter's classmate Pelle says he thinks it's stupid to take small children to school, Pelle and Peter have a fight.
Lena is afraid, but does not show it, so she is happy when the school bell rings and the biology class starts.
Here Lena is able to contribute something to the lesson, because she realizes that the bird the teacher shows to the students is a chaffinch.
According to Kretschmann, Behring and Dobrindt Astrid Lindgren describes the experiences of a child coming from a family where reading, writing and speaking is important.
Books are available in the family, Lena gets a book from her mother, her questions are answered, she can imitate her brother, her brother explains things to her, and she learns from her family that reading and writing is important and it is worth the effort of learning.
Kretschmann, Behring and Dobrindt argue that children like Lena have it more easy at school, than children from families where these things are not present.
I Want a Brother or Sister, also That's My Baby (original title: Jag vill också ha ett syskon) is a children's book written by Astrid Lindgren.
Although the baby boy screams a lot, his parents love him very much and think he is the cutest child in the world.
In order to get his mother's attention, Peter does all kinds of nonsense as soon as Peter's mother is paying attention to Lena.
When Peter cries because he thinks that his parents prefer Lena to him, his mother takes him on his lap and tells him how much she loves him.
Peter and Lena love Nils very much, even though he screams a lot and gets a lot of his parents' attention.
Because the two have a lot of fun together and without Lena Peter would have no one to have a pillow fight with.
Nils doesn't appear in this book and Peter's and Lena's mother it is only mentioned once, as Lena has a book that she has gotten from her mother.
It shows that new siblings need to get a lot of attention from the parents, but also that the parents love their older child just as much as before.
Alexandra Rausch adds that the book could serve as easy preparation and discussion opportunity, on the basis of which the parents could talk to the older child about these things.
The first in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-1, is chemically known as 1,4-Benzenediamine, N,N-diethyl-, monohydrochloride.
In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule.
Sir Harry Trelawny, 7th Baronet (1756–1834) was an English Protestant preacher and convert to Roman Catholicism, nephew of General Harry Trelawny.
His great-grandfather Sir Jonathan Trelawny was one of the seven bishops sent to the Tower for defying James Il's order to proclaim the Declaration of Indulgence.
Trelawny was ordained a Catholic priest in Rome on Whitsunday, 1830 and spent his remaining years trying to arrange for the Passionists or the Rosminians to settle priests at Trelawne to found a permanent mission there.
There were endless delays, and the project was still in the air when Trelawny died, aged 77, on February 25, 1834.
Ruby Grant (born 15 April 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Arsenal W.F.C.. Grant has a future transfer agreed with North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer.
Grant was part of the Arsenal youth team and got promoted to the first team in the 2018-19 season because Arsenal had a small squad of players.
Grant made her debut in a 4-0 away win against Everton coming on in the 82nd minute for Jordon Nobbs in the FA WSL.
On February 2019, Grant scored a hat trick in the FA Cup against Crawley Wasps in the 4th round in a 4-0 win, in her debut in the competition.
She began her research Astronomy, Physics major, but by the end of it, she decided to add up one more major in Journalism and Media Studies as preferred career.
She often attended concerts, literary lectures and community art shows with her sister, Fiza Khatri, who also attended Mount Holyoke College.
In 2011 Sadia Khatri took photographs of children who spend most of their time living by the roadside in various commercial areas of Karachi.
These photographs were eventually displayed in an exhibit in Karachi, Underneath each photograph, there was a quote from the corresponding street kid because she wanted to convey their perspective on life through their own words.
The collective was born out of the daily frustrations middle-upper class women experience who are forced to move from one box to another, who can’t go out alone without good reason forced Sadia Khatri to think about the violence she had experienced at home, in private spaces, which was far greater than anything she had been subjected to on the streets.
It made her see how safety was just an argument used to reinforce the private/public binary, to police body and sexuality of women.
The tour was announced on January 22, 2020 and is set to begin on April 11, 2020 at the Seoul Olympic Stadium in Seoul.
Aditya Gadhvi (born 3rd April 1994) is a playback singer and Lyricist from Gujarat, India, born in a Gujarati speaking family from Gujarat.
Aditya, a versatile singer, is actively involved in Gujarati film music singing a number of songs, he has also released a number of Gujarati singles in the recent past.
This parade was in the presence of U.S.A's President Barack Obama and our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and thousands of other guests.
Warradarge Wind Farm is under construction in the locality of Warradarge, southeast of Eneabba in the Mid West region of Western Australia.
When completed, the wind farm will generate up to 180MW of electricity for the South West Interconnected System, the electricity grid in southern Western Australia.
It is owned by Bright Energy Investments, a property trust owned by Synergy (Western Australia's government electricity provider), along with two investment companies.
The wind turbines are manufactured by Vestas with 66 metre blades and a tip height of 152 metres above the ground.
Western Power will construct a new 10 kilometre transmission line from the wind farm to the existing 330 kV transmission network.
Mainge was booked with a yellow card in the first half and had played for 80 minutes before being replaced by András Mészáros, in an effort to score an equalising goal.
In 1918 the station master was given a lavish farewell and a marble clock when it was announced he was being transferred.
and 5.00p.m.It has dome size of 18m and seating capacity of 395.It is based on Digital Technology and six equipments of CRT, Evans and Sutherland are installed here.
The song will represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, after Blas Cantó was internally selected by the Spanish broadcaster TVE on 5 October 2019.
The official video of the song, directed by Cristian Velasco, was filmed in Tenerife and Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, and was released on 30 January 2020.
A Time to Build: From Family and Community to Congress and the Campus, How Recommitting to Our Institutions Can Revive the American Dream is a book by Yuval Levin published in 2020.
American universities, for example, have had three functions: teaching the great ideas of human civilization, teaching skills that will lead to remunerative employment, and teaching students how to understand the moral demands of a just society.
However, according to Levin, because the faculty and administration are sunk in a malaise of white guilt, they fail to fulfill their duty uphold the academic standards necessary to impart great ideas and teach useful skills.
Similarly, legislators have turned over their duty to shape policy to government agencies while they enact performative careers as social media celebrities.
Institutions, schools, courts, democratic government, that were designed to mold their members according to norms that enabled them to cooperate to achieve goals that are important to society, have been transformed into platforms for would-be star performers, losing their ability to mold members for the accomplishment of socially important ends.
In an amusing riff, Levin points out that every Presidential election cycle now sees candidates who run not because they have a realistic expectation of winning, but simply to build a personal brand, fingering Gary Bauer (2000), Al Sharpton (2004), Mike Huckabee (2008), Ron Paul recurringly, Pete Buttigieg (2020), and Donald Trump (2016).
She took a course in writing and at the end of it her play was lauded although Hansemann says it was not very good.
She had never done anything like this but within two months they also had the support of Chur theatre and the director Achim Lenz.
Parlophone's roster includes Lily Allen, Coldplay, David Guetta, Gorillaz, Conor Maynard, Aya Nakamura, Soprano, Synapson, Two Door Cinema Club, and Paul Weller.
Its contemporary HMV was more of a classical music label and ceased issuing popular music recordings in 1967; later known as EMI Classics, it was absorbed into Warner Classics in 2013; English Columbia was replaced by the EMI pop label.
It is located southeast of Wapakoneta and just south of Saint Johns, on Geyer Road between Clay Road (Township Road 126) and Gutman Road (Township Road 116), at .
The Slater Crossing Station was built in 1893 for the Ohio Southern Railroad, the building was later moved to a farm south of the Slater railroad crossing and stood until the early 1980s.
Although there was never a post office here, Slater, Ohio is listed as a shipping and mailing address with the US Express and on the St. Marys Branch of the Toledo and Ohio Central Railroad in 1903.
Suisa is a village in the Tunturi-Suisa panchayat in the Baghmundi CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Suisa had a total population of 2,649, of which 1,339 (51%) were males and 1,310 (49%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, history and geography and a general course in arts.
Apart from three dilapidated temples at Deuli, many statues of Jain tirthankaras and other Jainism-related articles have been found in the area.
Such tendencies generally do not prevent a contract or an agreement from being concluded; however, there are reasons to believe that religious affiliations reduce the negotiation process and give more confidence to decision makers.
Researchers have found that religious authorities are reluctant to negotiate what goes against their religious affiliations, even if these tendencies should not be expressed in an important or profitable negotiation.
In other words, for such leaders, the preservation of values is preferred over economic interests, as they are willing to maintain their faith in business ties where religious beliefs are generally ignored or concealed.
An example of this conflict is when one faction insists on excessive transparency in trade restrictions that can be frustrating for the rival party to negotiate.
Such transparency is, of course, an advantage for Muslim leaders, as based on a hadith by Prophet Muhammad, the righteous merchants equal martyrs on the Day of Judgment.
The difference in negotiation from a secular and religious perspective is the purpose of the negotiation and the means employed to achieve the desired outcome.
In this regard, the law and government institutions define the well-being of a society in the interest of the public and strive to achieve this ideal.
From a religious and especially Islamic point of view, the set of political and economic approaches and orientations must have a divine nature, and the aims and means of this set must also conform to divine law, otherwise it will be sanctioned by the sacred law.
In this approach, negotiation is fundamentally different from the way it is perceived in the West, though its structural goals have obvious similarities.
For Islam, the methods used in diplomacy must be humane and in line with human ethics; this is why the system of communication between ethics and diplomacy must be thoroughly scrutinized, and be consistent with the Prophet's political approach in which he has banned immoral and unconventional methods of profiting.
As shown by scholars, although religious beliefs may not have a direct impact on the motivation of negotiators, they can have positive and constructive results for both parties, especially in interactions and social relationships.
International relations experts have also found that the process of negotiating in groups that do not share opinions is longer and more divisive.
It is worth noting that, while religious beliefs can lead to some kind of intimacy between the negotiators, it will impose restrictions on them, if they are confronted with a different religion.
In transactions, what matters to managers is finding a suitable solution to encourage the negotiating team to accept the terms of the contract.
However, in some cases where there is a negotiation between religious and non-religious parties, the difference in strategy causes groups with religious tendencies to take an emotional approach and pay less attention to details.
More detailed research in this area suggests that cultural and linguistic differences between religious groups do not have a significant effect on the quality of negotiations.
The comparisons made between Malaysian Muslims and the Muslims of the Arab world, each of which has its own regional and local culture, show that their negotiations are homogenous in form and do not make much difference in value.
Rev David Meredith BA is a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 2010.
He was born in Paisley and was educated at Amochrie Primary School, Campbell HIgh School before moving to Kensaleyre on the Isle of Skye where he completed his education at Portree High School.
He was the grandson of Henry Trigg (Superintendent of Public Works in Western Australia from 1839 to 1851), and the first architect both born and trained in Western Australia.
He gained a theoretical training at this office, and when his articles were completed he went to Sydney to practise for a couple of years.
During his sojourn in the New South Wales capital he had the advantage of seeing some of the best architectural efforts in the Southern Hemisphere.
Facing past creditors and the humiliation of insolvency, Trigg and his family left the state, eventually settling in Henley Beach, South Australia.
Trigg took a prominent part in building up the city of Perth, which upon his return in 1884 had few ornate buildings or large warehouses.
With the advent of prosperity, people who were previously content with very modest edifices grew more particular, and demanded large houses and immense stores.
In every part of the city are monuments of his work; one of his most notable works was the Congregational Church (modern-day Trinity Church) in St Georges Terrace.
Other buildings designed by Trigg include Sandover's, in the Italian style of architecture, the Royal Hotel in French Renaissance, and the Governor Broome Hotel in American Romanesque.
Trigg's practice was not confined to Perth; he designed the Freemasons Hotel in Geraldton, one of the chief adornments of that port at the time.
Many of Trigg's works were designed in the American Romanesque style, including his own Trigg's Chambers at 39-41 Barrack Street, Perth, built 1896.
Trigg designed churches in Leederville and Bunbury, church halls in Claremont and North Fremantle, the Subiaco Hotel, and various business premises, including on Geraldton's Marine Terrace for Edward Wittenoom.
During the Western Australian gold rushes of the 1890s, Trigg made a multitude of Federation-era designs, such as the Rechabite Coffee Palace, the Goldfields Club Hotel, premises for Phineas Seeligson, and workshops for furniture dealer William Zimpel.
In astronomy, the star 2MASS19400112+3007533, known for its gravitation microlensing event Gaia16aye, is a magnitude 14.5 binary star in Cygnus with a set of brightening events caused by gravitational microlensing in 2016.
The star was determined to be a binary star with Solar masses 0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.03 at a distance of 780 parsecs, with an orbital period of 2.88 years.
Judith A. Marshall is an entomologist in the UK, she is an expert in grasshoppers, crickets and related insects (Orthoptera) and is emeritus Curator of Entomology at the Natural History Museum, London.
She is Chairman of the Phasmid Study Group, is a member of the Grasshopper specialists group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and co-convenes the Royal Entomological Society's Orthoptera Special Interest Group.
The union was founded on 1 January 1921, when the Building and Wood Workers' Union merged with the Factory Workers' Union.
Several other unions merged over the next few years: the National Federation of Glass Workers in 1929, the Hairdressers' Union in 1930, and the Paviours' and Assistants' Union of Belgium in 1936.
After the war, merged continued, with the Leather Workers' Union joining in 1953, and the Tobacco Workers' Union in 1954, then the Union of Belgian Stoneworkers in 1965, the Union of Mineworkers of Belgium in 1994, and finally the Textile-Clothing-Diamond Union in 2014.
In 1995, 20% of its members worked in construction, and 20% in transport, with a wide variety of sectors represented among the other 60%.
Keith A. Smith (November 11, 1928 – September 7, 2012) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Commandant for Aviation for the Marine Corps.
The 2009 season started strongly for the Cutters, with three straight wins before a run of nine straight losses sunk them to the bottom of the table.
A 10–34 loss to the Tweed Heads Seagulls in the final game of the regular season saw them finish last on points differential.
Local junior Jardine Bobongie joined the club in 2009 and won their Player of the Year award after spending the 2008 season playing for the St George Illawarra Dragons' New South Wales Cup side.
He would go on to play an influential role in their maiden premiership four years later, captaining the side in the Grand Final victory.
2009 saw the Cutters have their first Queensland Residents representative, with North Queensland Cowboys contracted prop Dayne Weston being selected in the side.
The following players contracted to the North Queensland Cowboys played for the Cutters in 2009: Mitchell Achurch, Ben Farrar, Ben Harris, Shannon Hegarty, Antonio Kaufusi, Donald Malone, Anthony Perkins, Steve Rapira, Grant Rovelli, Anthony Watts and Dayne Weston.
He is a registered Nigeria Football Federation Intermediary and is the founder of P Sports Limited, a sports management agency based in Nigeria founded in 2016.
Paul is among the influential football agents in Nigeria, with clients including top national coaches like Kennedy Boboye and Atune Ali Jolomi.
The boundaries were set in September 2000 and adjusted on 26 April 2013 to ensure that Westons Flat pastoral run is entirely in Westons Flat and Glenlock Station is entirely in Markaranka.
Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States is a large-scale oil painting completed in 1930 by American artist N. C. Wyeth of president-elect George Washington at his reception in Trenton, New Jersey during his journey to the 1789 inauguration in New York City.
The First Mechanics National Bank of Trenton commissioned the work in 1927, at a time when Trenton was planning to celebrate the 250th anniversary of its settlement, 1679–1929.
Wyeth thought that George Washington's reception at Trenton on his journey to the first inauguration in New York City was an appropriate subject.
The site was the location of the former City Tavern, where Washington had been for a formal dinner and reception on April 21.
Wells Fargo, subsequent bank to First Mechanics, loaned the painting to Thomas Edison State University in 2013, when the bank moved its branch to another location.
In the center of the painting, George Washington, entering riding on a white horse and holding a tricorner hat, passes under a large decorated arch and is greeted by children holding baskets of flowers and spreading them in his path.
At the top of the arch are two dates: Dec. 26, 1776 (First Battle of Trenton) and Jan. 2, 1777 (Second Battle of Trenton).
The 2020 Prefontaine Classic is an annual elite track and field athletic competition, recognised by World Athletics (formerly known as the IAAF).
The 2020 Diamond League the top tier of international one-day meetings after the Diamond League2020 Eugene Diamond League was hosted at the new Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.
The Hoosiers will play their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana and compete as a member of the East Division of the Big Ten Conference.
The 2020 Spring Game is scheduled to take place in Bloomington in April 2020; the date has not yet been set.
The Hoosiers finished the 2019 season 8–5 overall, 5–4 in Big Ten play to finish in fourth place in the Eastern Division.
On December 17, 2019, the Fresno State announced it had hired Indiana offensive coordinator Kalen DeBoer as their new head coach; DeBoer had served only one year as the Hoosiers' offensive coordinator.
On January 10, 2020, Indiana announced it had promoted Nick Sheridan to offensive coordinator and running backs' coach Mike Hart to associate head coach.
On January 19, 2020, Allen announced the additions of Jason Jones as safeties coach, Kevin Wright as tight ends coach and promoted former safeties coach, Kasey Teegardin, to special teams coordinator.
The Hoosiers' first game will be against conference opponenent Wisconsin, before opening the non-conference schedule, at home, against Western Kentucky of Conference USA and the following week against Ball State; the Hoosiers will finish the non-conference schedule at UConn in East Hartford, Connecticut.
During the late 1890s and the early 1900s he became known as the hotel chaplain, attending to the spiritual needs of the transient visitors to the city.
Warren realised that had he talked to her he may have prevented her suicide attempt, and resolved to help others in similar circumstances.
He dedicated the rest of his life to this end and founded a voluntary organisation called Save-a-Life League, believed to be the first in the country.
Warren’s parents were Eliza Ann Brown (1824-1891) and William Warren (1818-1861), who made woodworking planes with his brother, Cyrus Warren, in Hudson, New Hampshire.
However, in 1868 she remarried to a local 75 year old widowed farmer called, Philip Sargent Hart, who died within 5 months.
By about 1870 the family were living in Chester, New Hampshire, where Warren attended Walnut Hill primary school, then Chester Academy and later Pinkerton Academy.
In 1880 he was still living in Chester with his mother and his older brother William, who had become a farmer.
Following this he took up teaching posts in surrounding districts before attending Colgate University, Columbia University and Union Theological Seminary (New York City), graduating 1891.
Later the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the University of Tennessee and he received a Ph.D. from Temple College, Philadelphia.
While in theological school he assisted in the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church, New York, where he was instrumental in starting bible classes, work later continued by John D. Rockefeller Jr..
He was ordained in the Nepperhan Avenue Baptist Church and became pastor of the First Baptist Church, Salem, Massachusetts, and then pastor for several years of the Central Park Baptist Church, New York.
In 1893 he married Adelaide Everett Butler (1870-1956), the daughter of a hardware merchant, who was a member of the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church.
The Warrens had three children: Donald, who died in infancy, daughter Beatrice, and Harry Marsh Warren Jr., who eventually took over the management of the Save-a-Life League from his father.
During his work as pastor in the Fifth Avenue and Central Park Baptist churches he came into contact with people who were visiting the city.
He estimated that there could be as many as one hundred thousand per day staying in local hotels, and saw the benefit of offering them access to a pastor.
He held a trial church service in a hotel lobby that was attended by seventy-five people and this encouraged him to continue.
He was able to take this course of action because of a large bequest made to him in the will of Joseph Richardson, who died in 1897.
In addition to holding services he became involved with the spiritual welfare of his transient flock, visiting them in hospitals, asylums, court rooms, prisons and made himself available for weddings and funerals.
One example of this was when Mary Lewis Bollback, and Kress Koyama, tried to find a minister to marry them in New York.
They were continually refused and they were led to believe that this antipathy was based on racial grounds, due to Koyama’s oriental ethnicity.
Warren was approached by the couple and he had no problems with marrying them, although the ceremony was performed in the chapel of a funeral parlour at a few minutes to midnight.
He married young couples that had eloped, even when their parents objected, and it was also rumoured that he passed on stories to newspaper reporters.
The Hotel Association of New York initially cooperated with Warren, and many hotels put notices in their reception with his contact details.
At this time in New York, licenses were not required before a couple could wed, and Warren married people, day or night, often at his home with his wife acting as witness.
In 1907 the Hotel Association abolished the office of Hotel Chaplain and in 1908 an act of law was passed in New York that required all couples to obtain a licence before they could marry.
In 1906 a woman staying in a New York hotel asked the staff to contact Rev Warren so that she could talk to him.
Warren visited her before she died and realised that if had been able to talk to her the suicide attempt could have been prevented.
He put advertisements in newspapers and left his card at hotels urging those who were considering self destruction to contact him.
He contacted police, hospitals, churches and the medical examiner’s office to follow up failed suicide attempts in order to offer support and provide practical assistance.
In the early days he was made aware that some of the data he gathered about suicides from the authorities in New York was not necessarily accurate.
The secretary of the New York’s chief medical examiner, George P LeBrun, explained that suicides were sometimes misreported as accidents, or they were concealed in such a way as to avoid publicity.
The organisation became known as the Save-a-Life League, with a committee of prominent people (including George P LeBrun) plus an office in New York, staffed with volunteer helpers.
Later this organisation was extended to other parts of the United States and renamed the National Save-a-Life League, with representatives in thirty-five cities.
This was 18 Calumet Avenue, Hastings, the former home of the Wuppermann family, who had built their wealth through distributing Angostura bitters.
The girls' big air event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 21 and 22 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
Ghada Fathi Waly (born 1965) is the Director-General/ Executive Director of the United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV)/ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as of 1 February 2020, following her appointment by Secretary-General António Guterres.
She also served as the Coordinator of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Social Justice and chaired the Executive Council of Arab Ministers of Social Affairs in the League of Arab States from 2014 to 2019.
She chaired the boards of the National Center for Social and Criminology Research, the National Fund for Drug and Addiction Control and the National Authority of Social Insurance, which serves 25 million Egyptians.
She also sat on the boards of the Social Housing Fund in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, the Unplanned Settlement Fund, the Youth Fund and the National Management Institute.
She has held leadership positions as Managing Director of Social Fund for Development (SFD), a multimillion-dollar SME Fund, and as Assistant Resident Representative for poverty reduction at the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), where she was responsible for coordinating the Millennium Development Goals reports and launched the National Strategy for Micro Finance.
She served as Micro Finance and Access to Finance Advisor to the Chairman of Egypt’s Financial Supervisory Authority and Executive Committee Member.
Ghada Waly sits on the board of a number of civil society organizations and is a strong advocate for women’s economic and social empowerment and for SMEs.
Ghada Waly holds an MA and a BA from Colorado State University (US) in Humanities; she also holds a diploma in international development and a diploma in Project Management and is certified in Micro Finance from University of Colorado Boulder.
She was voted the most influential woman in Egypt in 2016, according to Baseera Public Opinion Research Center and was chosen by Forbes Middle East as one of the ten most powerful Arab women in government for 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018.
The 2020 Deloitte Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of Nova Scotia, was held from January 20 to 26 at the Dartmouth Curling Club in Dartmouth.
The winning Jamie Murphy rink will represent Nova Scotia at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario, Canada's national men's curling championship.
Director of his institution's library, he became editor of the Le Journal de Québec newspaper at the invitation of Joseph-Édouard Cauchon, who was leaving for Europe.
When Antoine Gérin-Lajoie died in 1882, he was replaced as head of the Parliamentary Library by Alpheus Todd, and DeCelles became his assistant.
One of the founders of the Club des Dix, he was a contributor to several journals, including L'Opinion publique, La Revue canadienne, La Presse, La Minerve, La Nouvelle-France and Le Canada français.
As a biographer and historian, he wrote the history of the United States and also wrote about Louis-Joseph Papineau, Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine and Wilfrid Laurier.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, he participated in major projects and wrote articles in the Makers of Canada (21 volumes, 1906-1911) and Canada and Its Provinces (23 volumes, 1913-1917) collections.
After his death on October 5, 1925 in Ottawa at the age of 82, a tribute was paid to him by Georges Pelletier, a journalist with Le Devoir.
Dervla McTiernan was born c.1977 in County Cork, growing up initially in Carrigaline and Douglas before her father's work in the bank took her to Dublin, aged six, and then Limerick.
It won the 2019 Davitt Award best novel, the Barry Award for the best paperback book and the 2019 Ned Kelly Award for the best first novel.
Prior to the elections, Swift broke her political silence by endorsing two Democrats: Congressman Jim Cooper for re-election to the House of Representatives, and former Tennessee governor Phil Bredesen for the Senate.
She does this by alluding to President Donald Trump, the 2016 presidential election, the vote tampering allegations after the election, and issues like gun violence and school shootings in the United States.
Swift's optimism lies in her belief in equality of outcome, telling young people that the finish line is ahead and to not be discouraged.
Ramildo Dutra De Oliveira (born 27 February 1998), commonly known as Ramildo, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Flamengo-PI.
After studying at Asbury University (now DePauw University) in Greencastle, Indiana for three years, he transferred to the University of Indiana and after one year graduated and immediately began teaching classics there and studying law.
In 1868, he was appointed to serve as the district attorney for Colorado's Third Judicial District and was later elected to the same position.
Stone promoted and worked for the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, serving as its attorney until he was appointed to serve as an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court in 1877 following the resignation of Ebenezer T. Wells.
He practiced law and held several positions until President Benjamin Harrison appointed him to serve as one of five judges on the Court of Private Land Claims on June 10, 1891.
The Big Bash League (BBL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Australia, which has been held annually since its first season in 2011–12.
Moises Henriques, from the Sydney Sixers, has played the most number of matches as a captain, leading the team in 57 matches with a win–loss percentage of 56.25.
He has also won the most number of matches playing as a captain, with 29; whereas the Melbourne Renegades' Aaron Finch has lost the most number of matches playing as a captain: 29.
Among the captains who have captained more than ten matches, the Adelaide Strikers' Travis Head has the best win–loss percentage: 78.94.
Chris Rogers has captained the most number of matches without registering a win; he led the Sydney Thunder in six matches and all of them were lost.
Seven players have captained the Brisbane Heat, the Renegades, the Sixers, and the Strikers each, whereas six players have captained the Perth Scorchers which is the lowest among all teams.
There have been seven non-Australian captains in the BBL: two from New Zealand, South Africa, and the West Indies each, and one from the Netherlands.
The list is initially organised by the number of matches as a captain and if the numbers are tied, the list is sorted by last name.
Of these, two are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The Leek Branch of the Caldon Canal passes through the parish, and the listed buildings associated with this are four bridges and a tunnel entrance.
She was named after August Belmont, a German-American politician, financier, foreign diplomat, and party chairman of the Democratic National Committee during the 1860s.
Slappey, the sister of Max and Kenneth Merrill, the president and vice president of St. John's River SB, and was launched on 20 April 1944.
Terry Lim (born 2 December 1940) in Kedah Malaysia, In 1960 Lim graduated Chung Ling High School in 1960 2 years later his parents send him to Australia to complete his education.
in 1968 he graduated and began work at Ensign Laboratories as an Industrial Chemist there he was promoted to Chief Control chemist after a long career he retired from the company in 1992.
After arriving in Australia, Lim joined the Chinese Youth Society of Melbourne there Albert Lau taught him Hung Ga Kung Fu.
In October 2016 Lim’s Loong Fu Pai martial arts Academy celebrated its 35-year anniversary with a wide range of demonstrations and his Tai Man Jo ceremony to honor the highest ranking disciples.
Among the VIP guests were Zang Tong of Australia's 100 year old Tai Chi Kung Fu institution, Blitz Hall of Fame’s, George Kolovos who is one of the biggest names in K1 Kickboxing promotions for over 30 years in the country, and Maurice Novoa head instructor of Melbourne Sport and Street Wing Chun Kung Fu.
Lim’s academy currently has over 350 active members and 69 black belts, over the last 35 years more than 10,000 students have attended his clubs.
Lim holds a 4th Dan in International Philippine Martial Arts Federation (Kombatan), Kali sticks being a specialty and very popular weapon.
In 2015 Lim held a Kali stick fighting seminar at CrossFit Riseup owned by Ben Poon, this CrossFit center was where Lim's friend Maurice Novoa trained and he organised the seminar for him, then in March 2016 Novoa arranged another Kali stick fighting seminar for Lim at Essential Defence Academy.
With 18 branches of the Loong Fu Pai Academy it is one of the most successful to be created by a single individual.
Lim has been running his inter-club tournaments three times per year for over 30 years and has been inviting outside martial arts clubs to participate.
The last Loong Fu Pai tournament was held at the Gloria Pyke Netball Complex in Dandenong this is one of Melbourne's largest sports halls.
For Lim's 70th birthday and Hall of Fame demonstration he prepared and bent a two meter metal rod with his throat as shown in his documentary by the acclaimed award winning Director Angus Sampson.
The following is a list of events and releases that have happened or are expected to happen in 2020 in African music.
He moved to Burlington, Vermont with his family in 1865, and completed his high school education after becoming a resident of Vermont.
In 1866, Peck began attendance at the University of Vermont, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1870.
Peck taught school in Burlington for three years while studying law at the firm of Torrey E. Wales and Russell S. Taft, and attained admission to the bar in 1873.
From 1892 to 1896, Peck was secretary of the Vermont Republican State Committee, and he was president of the state Republican League from 1896 to 1898.
In 1900, he was appointed judge advocate general of the Vermont National Guard with the rank of brigadier general and her served until 1904.
He served in the Vermont House of Representatives again from 1927 to 1931 From 1929 to 1932, Peck again served as judge of Burlington’s city court.
He was also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodmen of America, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and Ethan Allen Club.
Noble Craig (died April 26, 2018) was an American actor who became known for his roles in horror films after having lost both of his legs and one of his arms in the Vietnam War.
Craig was drafted into the United States military on May 3, 1967 during the Vietnam War, and was sent to Vietnam in April 1969.
On his twelfth day of duty, he stepped on a buried artillery shell, causing him to lose both of his legs, his right arm, and most of the sight in his right eye.
Cryin' Holy Unto the Lord is a 1991 album and the last studio album by Bill Monroe & the Blue Grass Boys, released by MCA Records, now Universal Music Group.
Óscar Iván Conde Chourio (born 6 June 2002) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for Academia Puerto Cabello.
The 10-11th century church is built with stone with a single nave, to which a left nave and sacristy were added in 1331.
The Times of India's Times Hospitality Icons chose her as the Woman Entrepreneur of the Year in 2018, and was named one of The CEO Magazine's 30 Women Entrepreneurs to Watch For in 2018.
She graduated with degrees in Journalism and English from The Pennsylvania State University and then studied at The Ballymaloe Cookery School in Ireland, where Goenka was trained under celebrity chef Rachel Allen.
She set up her first restaurant, The Sassy Spoon in Mumbai's Nariman Point in 2013, which was later chosen by French chef Alain Ducasse to be part of the Gout De France movement in 2014.
Some of her other brands include Baraza Bars and Bites, a beach shack themed pub, and Wicked China, an Asian resto-bar.
In February 2014, Goenka married her long-time boyfriend and Dubai based banker, Karan Khetarpal, with whom she has a son named Kabir.
The Free Comradeship Dresden was founded in July 2015 at a gathering of approximately 20 to 30 right-wing extremists in the Dresden-Grunar.
According to the public prosecutor's office, the group was involved in riots between July 2015 and January 2016 in various combinations: in Heidenau (August 2015) and in Leipzig-Connewitz (January 2016).
After two and a half years of trial, in January 2020 a Dresden Court sentenced six members of the right-wing extremist Free Comradeship Dresden (FKD) to prison terms.
the trial was stretched, because officials found out about a love affair between a lay judge and Benjamin Z,leader of FKD.
had an internet-enabled tablet in his detention cell and was able to use it to communicate with the accused and to agree on the procedure.
The Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20) was an international professional Twenty20 (T20) cricket league which featured the best performing teams from the domestic T20 cricket leagues of major cricketing nations, such as the Indian Premier League and the Big Bash League.
In the six editions that were played from 2009 to 2014, 63 players had captained their team in at least one match.
MS Dhoni played the most number of matches as a captain, leading the Chennai Super Kings in 23 matches with a win–loss percentage of 63.04.
On the other hand, Central Stags's Jamie How captained the most number of matches without registering a win; he led his team in four matches and all of them were lost.
Only three players captained more than two teams in the CLT20: Gautam Gambhir led the Delhi Daredevils and the Kolkata Knight Riders, Simon Katich led the New South Wales Blues and the Perth Scorchers, and Jehan Mubarak led the Wayamba Elevens and the Southern Express.
The Highveld Lions played the most number of matches while being under the captaincy of a single player; Alviro Petersen led the team in all of the 14 matches it played in the CLT20.
The list is initially organised by the number of matches as a captain and if the numbers are tied, the list is sorted by last name.
Joaquín Alejandro Suárez Urbani (born 4 July 2002) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for Academia Puerto Cabello.
Mim Obaidullah (1932-2016) is a Bangladeshi politician affiliated with the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami who served the Chapai Nawabganj-2 district as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1986 to 1987.
He was also the holder of men's 56kg Philippine national record which he set by lifting 115 kilograms at the 1991 Southeast Asian Games in Manila until it was broken by Nestor Colonia's 116 kilogram-lift at the 2011 Philippine National Games in Bacolod.
It has a capacity of 5,000 spectators and served as home stadium for Independiente Popayán, Atlético Popayán, Dimerco Real Popayán, and Universitario Popayán, teams that competed in the Categoría Primera B.
Aliyu Abubakar Aziz (born May 17, 1962) is a Nigerian Civil Engineer and Information Technology expert serving as Director General and Chief Executive Officer of Nigerian National Identity Management Commission (NIMC).
Aziz was Deputy Director, Information Technology at the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE), who formulated and executed the Nigerian Government’s privatization policy.
He held Technical Chairmanship position on the Presidential Committee for Harmonisation of Information Communication Technology, ICT which established Galaxy Backbone, a government agency that is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a unified IT infrastructure for Ministries, Departments and Agencies of Federal Government of Nigeria.
In his engineering career Aziz designed several national edifices that are very visible in the Nigerian capital, Abuja including Energy Commission office complex.
The building has a unique architectural design which rises to 5-storey in sections and 12-storey in other sections above the surrounding natural ground.
He enrolled in the School of Basic Studies Zaria where he obtained ‘A’ level qualification before moving to Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna state graduating with a B.Eng.
In 1985 he earned NCC Certificate of System Analysis and Design and M.Sc in Structural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in 1987.
Aziz is a Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Structural Engineers (NIStructE) and holds National Vice President position of the institute.
He holds memberships of several other professional bodies including the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Computer Association of Nigeria (CAON) and the Internet Society (ISOC).
Aziz started his engineering career in the public institution as a Graduate Assistant in the Civil Engineering department of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
In 1987, Aziz left the public institution to join a private firm Mai and Associates as a pupil engineer and rose to the rank of the project engineer.
Aziz was involved in several civil and structural engineering projects in the Nigerian capital, Abuja including National Universities Commission Secretariat, NEPA Headquarters, and Nigeria Ports Authority Headquarters.
After leaving Mai and Associates,   Aziz joined a group of friends in 1992 to found an engineering firm, Integrated Engineering Associates and became a principal partner responsible for computer applications for structural engineering design and drafting.
Aziz was credited for designing customised computer programmes such as spreadsheets, database, AutoCAD and AutoLISP and Management Information Systems for the exclusive use of the firm.
Aziz was a Principal Consultant on a Joint Venture partnership with Afri-Projects Consortium, consulting for the Petroleum (Special) Trust Fund (PTF) an agency of the government of Nigeria and was responsible for the Management Information Systems Department as its Head.
At the Bureau of Public Enterprises, BPE Aziz was a Deputy Director in charge of Information Technology saddled with the task of formulating the agency’s Information Technology strategy, frameworks and implementation for a successful overhaul of government’s privatisation policy.
Several assets belonging to the government of Nigeria were privatised for efficiency but many of the privatised assets are operating below capacity.
Aziz was also a Director in the office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF) where he served in the Presidential Implementation Committee, charged with implementing Government Decisions on Consumer Credit System, National Outsourcing Initiative and Harmonization of Identification Schemes in Nigeria.
Later Aziz became a pioneer staff and rose to the rank of Director Information Technology/Identity Database (IT/IDD); a position he held until his retirement in 2014.
In November 2015, Aziz was appointed Director General/Chief Executive Officer of Nigeria National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) by President Muhammadu Buhari for a four year term.
In April 2019, Aziz obtained for the commission, the highest global standards for Information Security Management System (ISMS) in its determination to ensure the security of data and information obtained from citizens.
And in March 2019 Aziz announced that the commission was opening enrollment centres in foreign countries to capture Nigerians in Diaspora in the National Identity Database (NIDB).
The atmosphere of Venus is one example of extreme super-rotation; the Venusian atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than Venus' sidereal day of 243 Earth days.
It is believed that the Earth's thermosphere has a small net super-rotation in excess of the surface rotational velocity, although estimates of the size of the phenomenon vary widely.
Some models suggest that global warming is likely to cause an increase in super-rotation in future, including possible super-rotation of surface winds.
The 2019 ACC Women's Emerging Teams Asia Cup was 1st edition a cricket tournament held in Bangladesh between 22 and 29 October 2019.
The Pale Horse is an upcoming 2020 BBC One mystery thriller television serial based on Agatha Christie's novel of the same name.
Shibu is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by duo directors Arjun Prabhakaran & Gokul Ramakrishnan, written by Praneesh and produced by Kaargo Cinemas.
Shibu(Played by Karthik Ramakrishnan) is a young guy from small town who is an aspiring film maker,he tries hard to achieve his dreams, but gets rejected by all.Then he hears about a Film institute and he manages to convince his family and joins film institute.There he instead of learning about cinema gets confused.
Later he met with a girl named Kalyani (Anju Kurian) in a match-making meet and how their aspirations brings them together forms rest of the story.
In 2018 Arjun and Gokul, who debuted with the movie '32aam Adhyayam 23aam Vaakyam' is all set to start working on their next project.
The directors of the movie, Arjun and Gokul came to me to narrate a story recently, and I had a lot of fun listening to it.
The film released on 19 July 2019 across 80 screens in Kerala, to positive reviews from the critics as well as the audience.
The facility is equipped with temporary and permanent living spaces to support housing of large gathering often in excess of 35,000 practitioners who travel from across the globe to take part in mass meditation sessions while staying over three to five days.
The meditation hall structure, comprising one central hall and eight secondary halls, is spread over 30 acres and can accommodate 100,000 practitioners at one go, making it the largest closed meditation centre in the world.
In Nov 2019, Union Minister for Jal Shakthi Gajendra Singh Shekhawat laid the foundation stone for the world class Ayush Wellness Center at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
In January 2020, Rohit Sharma, the Vice Captain of Indian Cricket Team visited Kanha Shanti Vanam to lay foundation stone for an International Cricket Stadium and Training Center.
The retreat center is designed to facilitate extensive spiritual training & mentoring programs that aim at promoting personal inner experience and providing opportunities to learn and contribute.
In the last 3-4 years, the dry and arid area has undergone transformation with the plantation of more than two lakh tress.
A sapling nursery with more than 600,000 saplings is acting as a supply for the plantation in the region, while close to 1,000 trees saved and translocated from faraway places resurrected here..
Narasimhan, Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana visited Kanha Shanti Vanam Ashram and planted 100,000th tree with Kamlesh D. Patel (Daaji), the Global Guide of Heartfulness under the Green Kanha initiative.
In 1913 it was named after the old parish church of St. George (D-1-62-000-224) which was built in 1510 at no.
However, the municipal department rejected plans to set up a district museum on the grounds that the cost of the extensive restoration required was too high.
Members of FTL/360 got support by some citizens of Freital, members of the group met ina pub of an AfD member on a regular term.
Members of Gruppe Freital had first met in the summer of 2015 during protests against a refugee home in the Saxon city of Freital.
Timo Schulz, a neonazi originaly from Hamburg worked as a bus driver in Freital were leader of the terrorist gang.They used explosives to attack foreigners, refugee workers and Michael Richter, a politician from the Left party (Die Linke).
An attack on a refugee apartement was assessed by the Dresden Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht Dresden) as an attempted of murder: FTL/360 members had pushed high explosive firecrackers throught the windows into the bedroom of refugees while the were sleeping.
Once superseded at Scalpay, she lay at Lochaline until May 1978 when she was towed to Crinan, making her own way through the canal and a further tow to Shandon.
In July and August she provided service as the Corran Ferry across the narrows of Loch Linnhe, although troubled by breakdowns.
South-West Irish English (also known as South-West Hiberno-English) is a class of broad varieties of English spoken in Ireland's South-West Region (the historic province of Munster).
Within Ireland, the varieties are best associated with either the urban working class of the South-West or traditional rural Ireland in general, and they are popularly identified by their specific city or county, such as Cork English, Kerry English, or Limerick English.
Among speakers in the South-West alone (famously Cork, Kerry, or Limerick), the vowel of raises to when before or (a pin–pen merger) and sentences may show a unique intonation pattern.
Features shared with both rural Irish English and working-class Dublin English include the vowels in , , and having a more open starting point and lacking a rounded quality: .
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2012 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the KO-D Openweight Championship Contendership Tournament on July 10, Kota Ibushi earned a title match in the main event of Ryōgoku Peter Pan against KO-D Openweight Champion Harashima.
The second dark match was a tag team deathmatch set to end at 5:00 pm in which the result would decide of the fate of Michael Nakazawa's anus.
However, according to the rules of the match, every possible outcome would result in Nakazawa's anus being blown up by fireworks.
The following match was a Rumble rules match in which Yoshihiko, an inflatable love doll with male make-up accompanied to the ring by Yusuke Inokuma, defended its Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship.
During the match, Shoichi Ichimiya appeared under two different names: Giru Nakano, a parody of Bull Nakano and Keigi Mutoh, a parody of Keiji Mutoh.
After being eliminated early on thus losing its title to Toru Owashi, Yoshihiko reappeared in the match as Sumo Yoshihiko and ended-up as the runner-up of the match.
Danshoku Dino was holding the DDT Extreme Division Championship, the Ōmori Dream Fair-Certified World Ōmori Championship, the Greater China Unified Sichuan Openweight Championship, the Umemura PC Juku Copy & Paste Championship and the DJ Nira World Championship while Masa Takanashi was holding the J.E.T.
World Jet Championship, the GAY World Anal Championship, the DJ Nira World And Strongest In History Championship and the World Mid Breath Championship.
Some of those weapons included a bowl of oden, Kaientai Dojo joshi wrestler Bambi with a whip, a mobile phone and hypnosis.
She was named after George E. Merrick, a real estate developer who is best known as the planner and builder of the city of Coral Gables, Florida, in the 1920s, one of the first planned communities in the United States.
She was sold for commercial use, 25 January 1951, to Saxson Steamship Co.. She was removed from the fleet on 6 March 1951.
Facilities include the Comber Greenway (a long cycle/recreational path through east Belfast), Tullycarnet Park, Tullycarnet Community Centre (hosting a variety of leisure activities) and a public library.
The Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic is a treaty open to all states regarding the protection of the shipwreck of the .
It was not until 2019 that the US ratified the agreement, bringing it into effect on the day of deposit of the instrument of ratification.
The , a British ocean liner, sank in 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean while en route from Southampton, England to New York City.
The location of its shipwreck was unknown until its discovery in 1985 by Robert Ballard, off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
Ballard neglected to make a claim of salvage, which allowed the wreck to become subject to looting and unregulated salvage operations.
Negotiations between the United Kingdom, United States, France, and Canada began in 2000, producing a draft agreement on 5 January 2000.
It was not until 18 November 2019 that the treaty was ratified by US Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, on behalf of the United States.
The treaty requires both the United Kingdom and the United States to regulate persons and vessels under their respective jurisdictions in their interactions with the wreck.
She is remembered in particular for the pewter and cast iron works with the lion motif she designed in the mid-1920s for Svenskt Tenn, some of which are still produced today.
Born on 2 June 1886 in Uppsala, Anna Marie-Louise Petersson was the daughter of Oskas Viktor Petersson (1844–1912), an academic specializing in paediatrics, and the Countess Maria Strackelberg (1848–1897).
On returning to Stockholm, she studied at the private art college Althins Målarskola which prepared her entry to the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in 1913.
In 1920, Petrus was planning a solo exhibition at the French Art Gallery in Stockholm but most of her works were destroyed in a fire in her studio with the result only a few could be presented.
After taking a long trip to Italy, North Africa and Paris, on returning to her studio she decided to turn from painting to crafts.
After meeting Estrid Ericson, the founder of Svenskt Tenn, in the mid-1920s, from 1926 Petrus designed a variety of pewter and cast iron works, some of which are still produced today.
The fresh milk used in the recipe must be warm and traditionally it was made by milking straight from a cow into a pail or other vessel (the kit) containing fresh buttermilk and sometimes rennet.
The hatted kit tends to become more acid, so limewater or charcoal may be added with later use of a batch.
The boys' big air event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 22 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
Irantzu Garcia (born July 14, 1992 in Amorebieta-Etxano, Basque Country, Spain; also known as Irantzu Garcia Vez) is a Spanish curler.
He started his senior career by playing for second tier Romanian club, CS Știința Petroșani, for one and a half season.
She was the first curator of the Municipal Gallery of Modern Art in Dublin, now known as the Hugh Lane Gallery.
By 1911 she had become an art critic, and in the census artist Casimir Markievicz was recorded as staying with the family.
His wife Constance Markievicz doesn't appear on any census forms in 1911, which may be because she was arrested for the first time that year and she might have been in jail.
In 1911 and 1912, Duncan arranged two important art exhibitions in Dublin, the first time such Avant-garde artists and their paintings were shown in Ireland.
Duncan also refused to hang art donated to the gallery which was commissioned by the government in Westminster to depict scenes from the First World War.
The high degree of complexity of the Celada-Seiden model makes it suitable to simulate different immunological phenomena, e.g., the hypermutation of antibodies, the germinal centre reaction (GCR), immunization, Thymus selection, viral infections, hypersensitivity, etc.
These features are all present in the code and people can choose to turn them on and off at compiling time.
Most of the optimization of the memory usage and I/O has been possible thanks to Bernaschi in particular for what concerns the development of the parallel version.
There are other two computational models developed on the tracks of the Celada-Seiden model which derive (to a certain extent) from the first porting in C-language of IMMSIM.
C-ImmSim has been partially described in a series of publications but never extensively, in part because of the availability of other references for the IMMSIM code which could serve as manuals for C-ImmSim as well, in part because it is impractical to compress a full description of C-ImmSim in a regular paper.
IMMSIM, in the authors' minds, was built around the idea of developing a computerized system to perform experiments similar to the real laboratory in vivo and in vivo experiments; a tool developed and maintained to help biologists to test theories and hypothesis about how the immune system works.
IMMSIM was in part developed keeping an eye on the educational potentialities of these kind of tools, in order to provide to students of biology/immunology courses, a way to play with the immune mechanisms to get a grasp on the fundamental concepts of the cellular and/or molecular interactions in the immune response.
For this purpose, IMMSIM++ was developed for Microsoft Windows® and offers the chance to explore various (but not all) features of the Celada-Seiden model.
The boys' big air event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 22 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
Jeffrey Graham Weston (born April 10, 1956) is an American former professional football defensive tackle who played in the National Football League for the New York Giants from 1979 to 1982 for a total of 37 career games.
He worked there for about eight or nine years, then joined Yamaha Corporation, where he also spent roughly eight or nine years.
Thanks to Eldred, among the debut's featured guests was Scotty Moore, well known for being Elvis Presley's studio and touring guitarist.
To Eldred's surprise, Moore responded and wound up driving from his home in Nashville to Memphis, Tennessee, where Big Blue was recording.
For many years, starting in the late 1990s, Eldred ran the custom shop division of Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, which designed high-end instruments for celebrity clients including Eric Clapton, ZZ Top, Brad Paisley, and Keith Urban.
Among the projects Eldred oversaw was the Tribute Series, in which replicas of axes used by guitar heroes such as Jimi Hendrix, Jeff Beck, and Rory Gallagher were made through a meticulous process of reverse engineering, carefully photographed.
When Eldred disassembled the 1965 Stratocaster, he found to his surprise that it contained a component from his days at Charvel: a neck that had the name of ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons written in pencil on the heel.
Sam Kressen (October 5, 1918 - December 27, 1991) was an American actor perhaps best known for his portrayal of Benjamin Franklin.
In 1975, Kressen (in his Franklin persona) was featured on posters and souvenir cards produced by a publishing company in Philadelphia.
However, she says it wasn't until college that she really began to experience and understand how systemic inequality effects women of color.
She worked in the tech industry as a marketer for 10 years, and was the youngest honoree on Savoy Magazine’s list of Most Influential Black Executives in Corporate America.
She had said in 1997 that she preferred to be a character actor rather than the star of films or TV dramas.
That film was proposed but not nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the List of submissions to the 55th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.
GivePower was cofounded in 2013 in California by Hayes Barnard and Lyndon Rive as the non-profit branch of SolarCity, which was created in 2006 by Elon Musk.
After SolarCity merged with Tesla in 2016, and GivePower was spun off into an independent organization just before the merger was completed.
As of 2018, GivePower had installed 2650 solar power installations in villages through seventeen different countries for institutions like primary schools and medical clinics.
The 2020 New Zealand Women's Sevens is a tournament to be held at the Waikato Stadium in Hamilton, New Zealand from 25-26 January 2020.
It will be the first edition of the New Zealand Women's Sevens for the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series and will also be the fourth tournament of the 2019–20 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series.
Manderdisa railway station is an Indian railway station of the Lumding–Sabroom section in the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
The Establishment in Pakistan, which has ruled Pakistan through direct military dictatorship as well as through control over the powerless civilian governments, is responsible for its strategic policy of state sponsorship of terrorism by Pakistan.
FATF, USA, EU, India and many other intergovernmental organisations and nations have described Pakistan as the state sponsor of terrorism, and several former and serving Prime Ministers as well as the top army general have admitted to this fact.
Core principles/values of the Establishment are the policy of treating India as an arch-rival and existential threat, the Kashmir obsession, Islamisation of Pakistan, Punjab as the heartland/core of Pakistan, strategic use of non-state militants and other Islamic states as Pakistan’s natural allies.
and described as epidemic by Human Rights Watch (HRW), forced appearances, extrajudicial killings and targeted killings of its own citizens especially against the civilian nationalists of non-Punjabi nationalities such as Baloch, Sindhi, Pashtun, through direct involvement of military and ISI as well as also often using Islamist militants to undertake these activities.
In July 2011, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan issued a report on illegal disappearances in Balochistan which identified ISI and Frontier Corps as the perpetrators.
The Establishment in Pakistan is responsible for the ongoing forced disappearance in Pakistan, a form of kidnapping, torturing and extra-judicial killing its own citizens without any judicial due process.
After the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, forced disappearance in Pakistan began during the rule of military dictator General Pervez Musharraf (1999 to 2008).
Despite the partition of India, and resulting creation of Pakistan based on the concept of separate islamic nation for domination of muslims, this composite multiculturalism is integral to the present society of India.
2, 1973, Retrieved 22 August 2018.</ref> only muslims can become Prime Minister or President of Pakistan and non-muslims are not given equal rights, Ahmadiyya muslims having equal constitutional rights in India are legally persecuted in Pakistan and constitutionally banned from calling themselves Muslims.
The Establishment also engages in the institutionalised persecution of minorities in Pakistan, specially Ahmadiyya, Shias and Hazara after the Islamization of Pakistan by the military dictator General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq who took over the power through military coup.
Pakistan is known for widespread discrimination against religious minorities, with attacks against Christians, Hindus, Ahmadiyya, Shia, Sufi and Sikh communities being widespread.
These attacks are usually blamed on religious extremists but certain laws in the Pakistan Criminal Code and government inaction have only caused these attacks to surge higher.
Sunni militant groups operate with impunity across Pakistan, as law enforcement officials (The Establishment) either turn a blind eye or appear helpless to prevent widespread attacks against religious minorities.
The rise of The Establishment in Pakistan-backed Taliban in Pakistan has been an influential and increasing factor in the persecution of and discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan, such as Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, and other minorities.
According to scholar Aparna Pande, this view was put forward in various studies by the Pakistani military, particularly in its Staff College, Quetta.
Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani member of Pakistan-based globally banned terrorist organization by the United States, Lashkar-e-Taiba, which operates several terrorist training camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, launched 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks killing 72 people.
Pakistan's tribal region along its border with Afghanistan has been described as a safe haven for terrorists by western media and the United States Defense Secretary.
In 2019, US issued series of official statements asking Pakistan to immediately end support and safe haven to all terrorist groups.
Pakistani government's top leaders and Pakistan Army's top leaders are often seen in public sharing stage with the UN and US designated terrorists.
In July 2019, reigning Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan on his official visit to the United States admitted the presence of 30000-40000 armed terrorists in the country and that the previous governments were hiding this truth particularly from the US in the past.
In 2018, former Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif admitted that the Pakistani government played a role in the 2008 Mumbai attack.
Former Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf, a military dictator who took over the power by military coup, conceded that his forces trained militant groups to fight India in Indian-administered Kashmir.
He confessed that the government ″turned a blind eye″ because it wanted to force India to enter into negotiations, as well as raise the issue internationally.
He also said Pakistani spies in the Inter-Services Intelligence directorate (ISI) cultivated the Taliban after 2001 because Karzai's government was dominated by non-Pashtuns, who are the country's largest ethnic group, and by officials who were thought to favour India.
Iyanla Bailey-Williams (born 10 August 2002) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a forward for Puerto Rican club Bayamón FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Jovan Mandil (; 1873–1916) was a Serbian Jewish lawyer and publicist active in the Balkan Wars and World War I. Mandil was born in the town of Šabac in 1873.
In 1912, the Royal Serbian Government dispatched him to Monastir (modern-day Bitola; ), in southern Macedonia, where the region's most populous Sephardic Jewish community was centered.
He promoted the Serbian cause among local Jews, who had suddenly found themselves cut off from Thessaloniki, their traditional religious, cultural and economic centre.
Arthrobotrya is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Barry Dugmore (born 1961) is an Anglican priest who has served as Archdeacon Missioner in the Diocese of Coventry since October 2019.
He was the incumbent at Tiverton from 2007 to 2015; and Mission Enabler for the Diocese of Exeter from 2015 until his appointment as an archdeacon.
Born in Mechelen, Smets began working for the Factory Workers' Union when he was just sixteen years old, as secretary of its branch in his home town.
In 1921, the union became part of the new General Union, and Smets was appointed as the new union's secretary in Lier.
He joined the Socialist Party, and served on Mechelen council from 1927 to 1932, then Lier council from 1933 to 1938.
He fled to the United Kingdom during World War II, organising the Belgian trade unionist in exile in the country, and also broadcasting on behalf of the BBC.
From 1960, he was the president of the International Federation of Building and Woodworkers, and he was also vice-president of the International Federation of Factory Workers.
Mario Arvinte played for Farul Constanța in Romania, a team from where he was transferred by French club Castres in 2013.
Wachendorf is a village in the town of Syke in the district of Diepholz in the North German state of Lower Saxony.
In the eastern part of the municipality bordering on Thedinghausen, flows the Süstedter Bach, which rises in Süstedt and empties east of Weyhe-Kirchweyhe into the lake of the Kirchweyher .
The war memorial in the centre commemorates the names of the fallen and missing from the First and Second World Wars.
The nearest federal road, the B 6, runs 2.5 km to the west through Heiligenfelde and offers good connections to the north (to Bremen, the A 1 and A 27) and to the south (to Hanover and the A 2).
Espenhayn studied at the Leipzig Medical School in 1986 to 1989 where she got a job at Diakonissenhaus Leipzig as a medical technical laboratory assistant after graduation.
During her studies, she attended a regular swimming group and became a lifeguard at the Kulkwitzer See near her hometown on the border of the Baltic Sea.
In 1989, Espenhayn had a swollen lymph node removed from her neck but the operation went wrong and it inadvertently cut through a nerve which affected her cervical spine, right shoulder joint and right arm which restricted most movement in her right arm.
In 1993, she suffered from spinal disc damage from her nursing job, she had surgery on her spine and six-month hospital stay, she was diagnosed with complete paraplegia from the fifth thoracic vertebrae and spent the rest of her life in a wheelchair.
Her first international appearance was at the Dutch championships in 1995 where she swam four world records at the European Championships in Perpignan.
Tragedy struck in December 1995 when Espenhayn was involved in a car accident in Kreischa and was then told by doctors that she wouldn't walk again.
Once she was discharged from hospital in March 1996, she was able to participate in the German Open championships and qualified for the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta where she won six medals: three gold, two silver and one bronze and qualified again for the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney where she won five silver medals.
A. K. Veerasami was an Indian film actor who had acted over 500 in Tamil films in Supporting and Minor roles.
Dave Fultz (12 August 1921, Chicago – 25 July 2002, Chicago) was an American professor of meteorology, known for his research on atmospheric air movements and hydrodynamics.
From 1942 to 1944 he was an instructor at the University of Puerto Rico, as well as a research associate at the University of Chicago.
In 1947 Fultz received his Ph.D. in meteorology from the University of Chicago, where he spent the remainder of his career.
At the 11th annual Four Hills Tournament, the strong Norwegian team saw three of its tournament debutants within the Top 5.
Toralf Engan dominated the tour with three clear victories and became the second Norwegian to win the tour after Olaf Bjørnstad 10 years earlier.
With the exception of Wolfgang Schüller, the athletes from the German Democratic Republic did not compete at the two events in Germany for political reasons.
The union was founded in 1994, when the Union of Belgian Textile Workers merged with the Union of Clothing Workers and Kindred Trades in Belgium and the General Diamond Workers' Association of Belgium.
By 1995, the union had 48,868 members, of whom 90% worked in clothing and textiles, and the remaining 10% in the diamond industry.
Employment in all the industries covered by the union declined rapidly, so, on 1 January 2014, the union merged into the General Union.
Her father was Vicar general of Down and Connor as well as the younger brother of Robert Knox, Primate of All Ireland.
It is located on the southern shore of Lake Washington adjacent to the Renton Landing lifestyle center and the Boeing Renton Factory.
Development began in 1999, when Seco Development's CEO Michael Christ purchased the Shuffleton steam plant from Puget Sound Energy for $7 million.
Initial plans were to create a mixed-use complex including between five and eight buildings, between 543 and 581 residential units, from 500,000 to 750,000 square feet of office space, and 38,000 square feet of retail space.
By 2015 construction had begun on a 347-room Hyatt Regency of 12 stories in height, in addition to a 43,000 square foot convention center.
Seco plans to run ferry routes directly between Southport and other parts of the region, including South Lake Union in Seattle.
The McDan Group of Companies is a Ghanaian transportation and logistics company with operations in freight forwarding and logistics provider for land transports, sea freight, air freight and contract logistics.The headquarters of the company is in Accra, Ghana.
The McDan Group of Companies was founded by Daniel McKorley a Ghanaian business magnate in 1999.It has three divisions; McDan Shipping Company, McDan Aviation and McDan Logistics.
Khorram had been arrested several times and spend more than ten years in prison for his political activities between 2001 and 2016.
Rabie Ablak, known as Rabie Al-Ablak, is a Moroccan journalist, and one of the detainees of the Hirak Rif Movement, known for his involvement in multiple hunger strikes to protest his inhumane conditions of detention and inhumane treatment.
Some of his hunger strikes lasted more than 40 days; as a result, he was taken to hospital several times for treatment.
He was a correspondent for the electronic newspaper Badil, founded by detained journalist Hamid El Mahdaoui, in the town of Al Hoceima, where he participated in the Popular Rif movement accompanied by a number of personalities such as Nasser Zafzafi.
Pleocnemia is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
She has held many positions within the archival profession, including service to the National Archives and Records Administration, Wells Fargo Bank, and the Ohio Historical Society.
She has served the Society of American Archivists as Council Member, chairperson of the Business Archives Committee, Vice President, and President.
Hedlin first began work within the archival profession with the Ohio Historical Society as the institutional records specialist and State archives specialist.
In 1994, Hedlin became Director of the Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives, which is responsible for the official records of the Smithsonian Institution.
Before she left in 2005, she overlooked the transition to electronic and digital archives as well as the first websites of the Institution.
A knighting sword is a sword used by a monarch during an investiture ceremony in which a person is given an accolade and becomes a knight.
The knighting sword used by the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II is the sword she inherited from her father, George VI, from when he was Duke of York and colonel of the Scots Guard.
After World War II, he was elected as full-time secretary of the civil engineering section of the General Union of Public Services, then as national secretary of its civil service section.
In 1968, he was elected as general secretary of the General Federation of Belgian Labour, and also as a vice-president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.
The village was captured in 10th February 1945 by the Soviet Army, while germans blew up an bridge on the Bóbr river to prevent the army from pushing forward.
McAulay won the gold medal at 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, Canada in 10m platform, while in the 3m springboard, she finished second to Phyllis Long.
He is Professor of Addictions in the National Addictions Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience of King's College London in the United Kingdom.
He has previously held positions at the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre of the University of New South Wales in Australia and at the Department of Psychiatry at the Washington University School of Medicine in the United States.
He trained in New Zealand, where he graduated from the University of Otago and the University of Canterbury and worked on the Christchurch Health and Development study.
The park was designed by Edward Milner for the Buxton Improvements Company, following the arrival of the railway to Buxton in 1863.
It was opened in 1871 on a 12 acre site (on land given by the seventh Duke of Devonshire) and in 1876 was extended to its present 23 acres of gardens and 3 lakes.
Milner's design was a development of the 1830s landscape design of the Serpentine Walks (along the River Wye) by Joseph Paxton for the sixth Duke of Devonshire, on what was previously the gardens of Buxton Old Hall.
On the South East boundary of the Pavilion Gardens is the Broadwalk promenade which was constructed as Cavendish Terrace in 1857.
The Pavilion Gardens originally provided leisure facilities for tennis, croquet, boating on the largest lake and roller skating, as well as curling and ice skating in winter.
During World War I Royal Engineer soldiers based in Buxton used the Pavilion Garden lakes for training exercises to build pontoon bridges.
Glasgow, Kentucky is technically considered to be part of the Bowling Green, Kentucky DMA, which is ranked as the 182nd largest media market in the United States.
The city of Glasgow proper is served by the Glasgow Electric Plant Board, while areas surrounding the city is served by the South Central Rural Telephone Cooperative.
Some other areas of the Glasgow micropolitan area, including parts of Barren and Metcalfe Counties, plus Cumberland County, are served by Mediacom.
The National Weather Service forecast office in Louisville provides automated weather information to the entire Mammoth Cave tourism area via Horse Cave-based weather band radio station WNG570, broadcast on a frequency of 162.500 MHz.
He played two seasons for the San Francisco 49ers from 1968–1969 and one season for the New Orleans Saints in 1970 before playing for the Edmonton Eskimos in the CFL for another two seasons from 1971–1972.
After retirement, Olssen worked as a retail store manager and a circulation manager for the Evansville Courier & Press before retiring in 2004 due to health problems.
He lives in Newburgh, Indiana with his wife DeeDee, who was a middle school teacher, and has two sons and two grandchildren.
The Peripatos (Greek: περίπατος, walk) is an ancient pathway that girds the Akropolis in Athens and intersects with the Panathenaic way on the north slope.
A reading of Thucydides 2.17, which records that the shrines were erected within an area which it was forbidden to build or quarry called the Pelasgian ground, suggests that the peripatos follows the line of the archaic and now vanished Pelasgian Wall.
An inscription on a boulder of acropolis limestone from the north slope of the hill is the only epigraphic evidence of the pathway.
This inscription is dated to the fourth century BCE, though it is possible that the path had been cleared and in use at least since the Periklean building programme by when the cave sanctuaries had been established.
Wolfgang J. Fuchs (16 September 1945 – 20 January 2020) was a German nonfiction author, journalist, comics scholar, comics author, comics translator and film expert.
Fuchs also wrote nonfiction books about German-American topics and about films, such as books about Humphrey Bogart, James Dean and Woody Allen.
Welcome Home Brother Charles (also known as Soul Vengeance) is a 1975 American blaxploitation film written and directed by Jamaa Fanaka.
The film, which was shot on weekends over the course of seven months, was completed while Fanaka was a student of UCLA Film School.
Santon played for the Western Province Sacos Schools team in 1986 and made his senior provincial debut for Western Province in 1993.
Santon toured with the Springboks during the end of the year tour to Europe in 1997 and played in one tour game.
He made his test debut for the Springboks during the 2003 Tri Nations, as a replacement for Danie Coetzee against Australia at Newlands in Cape Town.
Santon was also a member of the South African squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup that was held in Australia and played in the test against Georgia during the Pool stages of the tournament.
The Nordic mixed team normal hill/4 × 3.3 km competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 22 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre, France and Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
A North aisle of three bays was added c. 1230, and about the same time a North chapel was added to the 12th-century chancel, which may then have been lengthened.
About 1330–1340 the present Chancel was built beyond the former chancel, which was then thrown into the nave, a connecting bay being inserted between the nave arcade and the 13th century arch North of the original chancel; at the same time the 13th century chapel was abolished and the whole of the North Aisle re-built and widened.
In the 15th century the North-West Tower was added, encroaching on the aisle, the West wall of the nave was re-built and the South Porch added.
The church suffered from a fire in July 1926 which required a major restoration of the roofs Ironically the roofs were being re-built at the time of the fire.
Michael Tarraga (also known as Mike Tarraga) (born 1949) is a British author and former victim of organised sexual child abuse.
He and his brother were at age four put into family care at the house of a foster family in Borehamwood.
He says that the day before that he had been sold to people that sexually abused him and thus his backside was bleeding.
Subsequently later in life he was told that there was no case to be made anymore as the perpetrators were already dead.
Being a fisherman he had a severe accident at sea and subsequently received a compensation of 10.000 British pounds () for that.
The proceedings of the book are going to training other survivors to write down their stories and getting them out to the public.
Christus Dolens or Christ as the Man of Sorrows is a painting in tempera on panel of by Bramantino in the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid, which acquired it in 1937 from Countess Teresa Soranza-Mocenigo.
The painting was recorded in the Della Porta Pusterla family collection in Milan in 1590, where it remained until the first quarter of the 20th century.
It was published for the first time by Müller Walde in 1898 and various studies attributed it to Bramantino or Bramante.
High Focus Records is an independent British hip-hop record label founded by rapper Fliptrix in 2010, following the collapse of Low Life Records.
In 2008, Fliptrix was in the process of releasing his first album on Low Life Records the largest UK hip-hop label at the time.
However the label's owner, Jehst, recommended he create his own label in order to get his album out as soon as possible.
Friends of Fliptrix, such as Jam Baxter and Leaf Dog, asked if he could put their albums out too - and it was from there High Focus Records began to grow.
Originally influenced by late 1990s and early 2000s British hip hop artists such as Jehst, Task Force and Skinnyman, High Focus has often focused on a 1990s US 'boom bap' style hip hop sound.
However, it has diversified its artist roster into alternative hip hop in recent years with Onoe Caponoe Strange U and Jam Baxter incorporating wider influences.
In 2016, High Focus regular Verb T teamed up with comedian Doc Brown to release a song dedicated to their shared local South London football team Crystal Palace FC.
Verb T and producer Pitch 92 (who have an album out together on High Focus) also recorded the theme tune for the Sky One television series The Reluctant Landlord.
High Focus artists have also been frequent collaborators with Rag'n'Bone Man, who released two EPs on the label between 2011 and 2014.
Anderson was born in Chingford near London, to Alfred William Anderson, a church minster, and Agnes Anderson, both of who were from Ireland.
She studied art at the Liverpool School of Art and at the Royal College of Art, receiving her teaching diploma in 1927.
Anderson exhibited at the Royal Academy in London, with the New English Art Club and at the Paris Salon in France and also showed paintings in Chicago and in Canada.
The British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London hold examples of her work as does the Christchurch Art Gallery in New Zealand.
The women's long jump event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 17 and 19 July 1987.
Mikhail Albertovich Murashko (; born 9 January 1967) is the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation since 21 January 2020.
In total athletes representing Syria won one silver and one bronze medal and the country finished in 46th place in the medal table.
Pietà or Lamentation over the Dead Christ is a fragment of a lunette fresco of by Bramantino, originally over the door of the church of San Sepolcro in Milan and now in the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana in the same city.
The painting depicts the dead Christ held up by the Virgin Mary, with John the Evangelist and Mary Magdalene holding up his arms.
To the left are Anthony the Great and another standing figure, whilst in the background is a perspective view suggestive of a basilica nave.
The aleo that was used by Pedro is kept in the Church of Santa María de África in Ceuta, the statue of Mary holds the aleo.
'Aleu' or 'aleo' can be seen on the coat of arms of Alcoutim and Vila Real, where Pedro's descendants were made Count's of Alcoutim or Count's of Vila Real respectively.
The work's original location and commissioner are unknown; the former may have been Milan Cathedral or the church of Santa Maria in Brera.
Some theorise that it was produced in the milieu of religious reform movements current in Milan during its occupation by the French (later opposed by Carlo Borromeo and the Counter-Reformation), or that it was directly commissioned by Marshal Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, the city's governor on behalf of the French, who had also commissioned the cartoons for the Trivulzio tapestries from Bramantino.
Prior to her current appointment, Lyubimova has served the Deputy Minister of Culture since 2015 and as the head of its cinematography department since 2018.
She is the daughter of Boris Lyubimov (currently the acting president of the Mikhail Shchepkin Higher Theatre School) and the great-granddaughter of renowned actor Vasily Kachalov.
Following an unhappy enrollment at an Orthodox high school which she would later compare to an al-Qaeda training camp, Lyubimova graduated from Moscow State University with a degree in journalism and from the Russian Institute of Theater Arts where she studied theater.
I wanted to start the new year by bringing together all the songs you've been singing back to me in one collection.
After graduating from Sydney Girls' High School, she attended the University of Sydney where she earned her Bachelor of Science degree.
She conducted fieldwork alongside Joyce Winifred Vickery of the Barrington Tops National Park rainforest species in the 1930s before earning her Master's degree.
Fraser and Vickery co-discovered Lomandra hystrix , which they published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 62: 286 1937.
Upon receiving her doctorate, she also became the first female Australian botanist and left to complete her graduate studies at Imperial College, in London.
Alongside R. J. Swaby, she studied citrus diseases, and co-discovered that Phytophthora citrophthora in citrus trees along Murrumbidgee irrigation areas were the cause of a decline in their growth.
As a result of her scientific accomplishments, Fraser became the first woman inducted as a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science and the second female president of the Linnean Society in 1948.
In the following years, she discovered that her collections of smut fungi led to the discovery of Sphacelotheca mutabilis, Sorosporium polycarpum, Ustilago serena, Ustilago valentula, and Sorosporium fraserianum and two new species, Entyloma arctotis and Sporisorium lingii.
In 1810 the government attempted to extend a house tax that was in effect in Calcutta to other areas in Eastern India: Varinasi, Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.
The protesters gathered in a mass protest near the European occupation government authority buildings outside of town, and were joined by people from neighboring towns, in numbers variously estimated at more than two hundred thousand or between twenty and thirty thousand people.
At present open violence does not seem their aim, they seem rather to vaunt their security in being unarmed in that a military force would not use deadly weapons against such inoffensive foes.
And in this confidence they collect and increase, knowing that the civil power cannot disperse them, and thinking that the military will not.
The protesters organized a march to Calcutta to present the Governor-General with their demands, but this petered out and they instead presented their petition through more ordinary bureaucratic channels.
The following year, a more limited version of the tax was instituted in three cities, but the assessment and spending of the tax was placed in the hands of Indian representatives.
Maxut Igorevich Shadayev (; born 11 November 1979) is the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation since 21 January 2020.
Madonna and Child with a Man or Madonna and Child with a Male Figure is an oil painting on panel of by Bramantino in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, which it entered in 1896.
X-ray examination of the work has shown that the male figure to the left was repainted from Saint Joseph into a portrait, possibly of the artist's most important patron Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, by comparison with the portrait on Trivulzio's sarcophagus in the Trivulzio Chapel in the church of San Nazaro in Brolo.
Alexander Alexandrovich Kozlov (; born 2 January 1981) is the Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic since 18 May 2018.
Ekaterina Nikolayevna Tyryshkina (born 31 January 1996) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French Division 1 Féminine club Guingamp and the Russia national team.
She left the club after 2015 season and had short term spells with NiceFutis, Brescia and Rodez in Finland, Italy and France respectively.
She made her senior team debut on 22 October 2015, coming on as a 73rd minute substitute for Daria Makarenko in a 2–0 defeat against Germany during 2017 Euro qualifiers.
Madonna of the Towers () is a painting in tempera on panel of by Bramantino, produced after his return from Rome.
Previously in the church of San Michele alla Chiusa in Milan, in 1872 it was donated by Lodovico Melzi d'Eril to the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana in the same city, where it still hangs.
To the left is Saint Ambrose of Milan and to the right the Archangel Michael, with Arius and the Devil at their feet respectively.
Some 17th-century additions in the sky and the towers behind the angels are still to be seen, though a tripartite frame was removed in 1956.
Hanoch Gutfreund (Hebrew: חנוך גוטפרוינד) is the Andre Aisenstadt Chair in Theoretical physics and was the president at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Gutfreund was earlier the Head of the Physics Institute, Head of the Advanced Studies Institute, Rector, and President at the university.
Judging by the subject on Thinking Side, Coe’s personal life could not have been pleasant at this time, with every song dealing with crumbling relationships, loss and betrayal.
Since the decade began, Coe and producer Billy Sherrill did their best to widen Coe’s audience and appeal to country mainstream country radio in a number of ways, such as using outside writers and inviting guests tot record duets, but success remained elusive.
The Kleinberger Madonna is a painting in tempera on panel by Bramantino, dating to before 1508, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
The work's history is unknown before the early 20th century, when it was recorded in Count Victor Goloubew's collection in Paris and misattributed to Francesco Francia.
Frederick Newbold Lawrence (February 28, 1834 – December 24, 1916) was an American financier who served as president of the Union Club of the City of New York and president of the New York Stock Exchange.
After his father's death, his mother married her cousin Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence, who served successively as a U.S. Representative, mayor of New York City, and Collector of the Port of New York.
He was a descendant of mayor of New York City John Lawrence and John Bowne, both Quakers and pioneer English settlers of Queens.
His paternal grandparents were Hannah (née Newbold) Lawrence and merchant John Burling Lawrence, and his maternal grandparents were Anna (née Townsend) Lawrence and Effingham Lawrence.
His uncle Effingham Lawrence is known for serving for the shortest term in congressional history, serving for just one day in the U.S. House of Representatives.
He was the senior partner in the stock exchange firm of Lawrence & Smith, which dissolved about twenty-five years before his death.
After being elected a member of the Union Club in October 1881, he served as president from February 13, 1907 until February 14, 1912.
Lawrence died in his townhouse at 57 West 52nd Street, which he had built shortly before his death, on December 24, 1916.
The music production team consist of a long-term collaborators from Nakamori's debut times, such as a Mitsuo Hagita, siblings Etsuko and Takao Kisugi, Amii Ozaki, Kōji Tamaki (a future member of Anzen Chitai), Keiko Miura and Haruomi Hosono.
The album reached number one on the Oricon Album Weekly Chart for three consecutive weeks, charted 21 weeks and selling over 483,400 copies.
Known for his project Social Dance TV on Instagram and Youtube which became famous among latin dance community since 2011, this was the first online project that helps people and events to get together and unite the social dance fans all around the world.
The innovative approach to the video filming of dances allowed us to see social dances more dynamic, thereby attracting more and more fans to the Latin American culture.
When Kirill was still a student in 2010, he organized a dance school in the University Student Club, which was popular among students and where dance events were held.
Kirill began his ballroom dance life in the age of 4 he was Dancesport athlete specializing in the Amateur Latin division, representing the Russian Federation.
Nowadays Kirill goes for broading the supply for dance event makers and widen the world Social Dance TV map (over 35 countries on it as of 2019) in order to make the dancing community strong, varied and united through the videos that he creates.
Kirill always ready to explore more and to revolutionize the Indian Dance Industry he is coming to work with the Bollywood.
Petit Standard is the eighth studio album and third jazz album by Croatian singer and songwriter Vesna Pisarović, globally released on 28 January 2019 by Jazzwerkstatt.
The album was made in a studio in Bruxelles, which was reserved for two days, but all 11 songs were recorded in the first day.
The FCLU fights for fairness in the family court system, and seeks to expose corruption and misconduct by family court judges, attorneys, and psychologists.
The Families Civil Liberties Union was founded in 2012 by Gregory Roberts, in direct response to the US Family Court’s lack of protection and support for the fathers and mothers of divorcing families and the children who become harmed by protracted, expensive and emotionally damaging custody battles.
Since inception, the FCLU's mission has been to protect families from predatory, out of control family court system until the family court system serves to protect families.
Noli me tangere is a fragment of a fresco of by Bramantino, originally in the church of Santa Maria del Giardino in Milan and since 1867 in the Pinacoteca del Castello Sforzesco in the same city, to which it was given by Prospero Moisè Loria.
One of the painter's earliest surviving works, it shows the strong influence of Bramante, particularly his 1497 fresco paintings of armed men for the Casa Visconti-Panigarola.
Before playing for Steaua București, Nika Pataraia played for Georgian side Lelo Tbilisi, followed by a move to French side Provence and for Romanian SuperLiga side CSM Baia Mare.
Only transfers involving a team from the professional divisions are listed, including the 16 teams in the Belgian First Division A and the 8 teams playing in the Belgian First Division B.
After agitation from a group called the Douglas County Healthcare Task Force and support from HCA and HealthONE Colorado, Sky Ridge Medical Center opened in 2003.
In 2006, Sky Ridge Medical Center sued the City of Lone Tree over $450,000 that the hospital claimed was over-paid in taxes.
In 2008, four local members of John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign self-transported to Sky Ridge after receiving a threatening letter with a suspicious substance enclosed.
On 17 May, 2019, the RTD light rail Sky Ridge station opened as part of a $223 million, extension through RidgeGate and across I-25.
Sky Ridge Medical Center contains both hospital services as well as private suites rented by other medical groups that provide specialized services.
The University of Colorado South Denver offers undergraduate clinical experience at Sky Ridge alongside the School of Nursing located at the University of Colorado's Anschutz Campus.
In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 women's matches played between member sides from 1 July 2018 onwards.
Where more than one player won her first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
She started her career as a plant taxonomist in 1945 at the New England University College at Armidale (now the University of New England, and was largely responsible for the creation of the Department of Botany there.
Vincent King Jr. (born January 22, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League.
When he was in sixth grade at the United Faith Christian Academy, he received his first Division I scholarship offer from Charlotte.
He became the first freshman to start on the team since LeBron James and he led the Fighting Irish to the state final.
As a sophomore, he averaged 17 points per game and was named to the 2013-14 Associated Press Division II All-Ohio First Team alongside teammate Jalen Hudson.
King transferred to Paul VI Catholic High School in Fairfax, Virginia prior to his junior year where he was coached by Glenn Farello.
On the AAU Circuit, King competed for Team Takeover where he averaged 14.2 points and 5.2 rebounds per game in 2015.
He led the Panthers to a 20-11 record and to the Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association Division I state championship game.
He was a First Team All-Washington Catholic Athletic Conference honoree and was selected as the USA Today Gatorade Virginia Basketball Player of the Year.
King was a five-star recruit ranked 27th in his class according to ESPN, while Rivals.com ranked him number 11 in the class of 2016.
He cited his relationship with Louisville assistant coach Kenny Johnson, previously an assistant at Paul VI, as crucial in his decision.
He started every game as a sophomore and averaged 8.6 points and 3.3 rebounds per game, shooting 32 percent from three-point range.
It was designed in the Italianate style, and built in 1893-1896 by Sam and Yee Quong Lee, two brothers who were born in China and emigrated to the United States in 1865.
Rosa María Isabel Urcuyo Rodríguez de Somoza (31 July 1924 – 30 August 2014) was a Costa Rican-born diplomat and the First Lady of Nicaragua from 1957 to 1963 as the wife of President Luis Somoza Debayle.
Her father was Clodomiro Urcuyo Argüello, a wealthy Nicaraguan who owned large areas of land in northern Costa Rica and served as Minister of Education in the government of Juan Bautista Sacasa.
Isabel was the youngest of a family of four children; her siblings were Vicente (Nicaraguan ambassador to Spain), Clodomiro, and Anita.
She married Luis Somoza Debayle on 9 June 1947, who flew to San José to court her, as she spent seasons with relatives there.
Their civil marriage took place at the Urcuyo house in Managua, and a religious ceremony was held in the Archbishopric, followed by a reception at the Palacio de la Curva in the .
Isabel Urcuyo accompanied her husband at the historic summit held in Costa Rica in 1963, attended by the presidents of Central America and U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
She also made several successful tours of Mexico, the United States, Europe, and Japan, where she was decorated by Emperor Hirohito with the Order of the Precious Crown for fostering friendly relations between his country and Nicaragua.
After his death from a heart attack on 13 April 1967, she was made an honorary consul of Nicaragua in New York and ambassador to the United Nations.
Andrade studied at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London and at both the Bromley School of Art and the Beckenham School of Art.
She exhibited at the Royal Academy in London, with the New English Art Club, the Society of Women Artists and with the National Society of Painters, Sculptors and Engravers.
The 2020 South American Cricket Championship is a forthcoming cricket tournament due to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 1 to 4 October 2020.
This will be the seventeenth edition of the men's South American Cricket Championship, and the second in which matches will be eligible for Twenty20 International (T20I) status, since the ICC granted T20I status to matches between all of its Members.
Drawing upon increased skepticism towards primary sources and a rejection of previous scholarship, in favor of fresh theories of sociology and critical theory, scholars of the Vienna School have introduced the concept of ethnogenesis to deconstruct the ethnicity of Germanic tribes.
The Vienna School has a large publishing output, and has had a major influence on the modern analysis of barbarian ethnicity.
Wenskus revealed that members of the Germanic tribes were not actually related to each other by kin; this was rather a figment of their own imagination.
Drawing upon fresh theories of sociology, scholars of the Vienna School have introduced the concept of ethnogenesis () to deconstruct the ethnicity of Germanic tribes.
Heavily inspired by sociology and critical theory, Pohl insists that the Germanic tribes had no institutions or values of their own, and therefore made no contribution to medieval Europe.
The Vienna School has been contrasted with the even more radical Toronto School, of whom Walter Goffart is a leading member.
While neither of the schools are entirely homogeneous in their approach, discussions between the two schools are characterized by an unusually intense passion and highly polemic dialogue.
Guy Halsall contends that the Vienna School, although explicitly formed to combat Nazi influence in the study of Germanic peoples, has in fact based its theories upon Nazi theories, although this is not explicitly acknowledged by them.
Heather contends that it was the freemen who constituted the backbone of Germanic tribes, and that the ethnic identity of tribes such as the Goths was stable for centuries, being held together by the freemen.
He traces the Fall of the Western Roman Empire to external migration triggered by the Huns in the late 4th century.
Ruth O. Selig (born 1942) is an American anthropologist, educator, and museum administrator known for pioneering the teaching of anthropology in grades K-12.
Ruth O. Selig was born Ruth Mildred Osterweis on April 22, 1942, in New Haven, Connecticut, the youngest of four sisters.
She spent a year (1964–65) as an apprentice teacher at the Shady Hill School in Cambridge, MA before earning an M.A.T.
Selig earned a Master of Arts in Anthropology with highest honors in 1975 from the George Washington University (GWU), a graduate program she began while teaching anthropology to high school students at the Holton-Arms School in Bethesda, MD.
In 1975, Selig began a 35-year career at the Smithsonian Institution, establishing an Office of Outreach and Education in the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History.
In 1978, Selig partnered with her former GWU professor, Alison S. Brooks and fellow GWU graduate student JoAnne Lanouette, to develop the National Science Foundation-funded George Washington University/Smithsonian Institution Anthropology For Teachers Program that ran four years in the Washington, DC area, training teachers in Maryland and Virginia school districts as well as in the District of Columbia.
Selig directed a similar program in 1984–85 in Laramie, Wyoming, where she partnered with the University of Wyoming Department of Anthropology with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities/Wyoming Humanities Council.
This publication expanded with Smithsonian support, edited by the same team that ran the teacher training program: Selig, P. Ann Kaupp, Alison S. Brooks, and JoAnne Lanouette.
Anthropology Explored: The Best of Smithsonian AnthroNotes was a 1998 Natural Science Book Club selection and received excellent reviews in the major anthropology and archaeology journals (American Anthropologist, American Antiquity, Ethnohistory, and Anthropology and Education Quarterly among them), as well as in the Times Literary Supplement.
Between 1986 and 2010, Selig held senior administrative positions at the Smithsonian Institution, in the Director's Office, National Museum of Natural History; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Science; Office of the Provost and the Office of the Secretary where she worked (2007–08) as the Special Assistant to Acting Secretary Cristián Samper and as senior writer/editor for Secretary G. Wayne Clough (2008–2010).
Over 250 individual articles with new abstracts are searchable and downloadable through keyword topics as well as by author, title, and date.
AnthroNotes was published two or three times each year by the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History from 1979 to 2012.
Other editors included Alison S. Brooks, Ann Kaupp, JoAnne Lanouette, and later Marilyn R. London, Carolyn Gecan and digital editor, Colleen Popson.
In addition to serving as senior editor for both editions of Anthropology Explored, Selig wrote the book's Introduction and Preface, and authored or co-authored three chapters.
Archaeology and Education: The Classroom and Beyond, Archeological Assistance Study, # 2, National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D.C.
2007 Jagiellonian University Plus ratio quam vis Medal, for work on the return of the Smithsonian's Institut for Deutsche Ostarbeit archival papers housed in the National Anthropological Archives.
In 1914, the family moved to New York City, where she continued her art studies at National Academy of Design and the Educational Alliance.
She had two solo shows at the Artists Gallery, one in 1938 and one in 1950, which she did not live to see.
The Krasner Gallery held a posthumous show of her work in 1964, and she was included in a show at the Zabriskie Gallery in 1988.
Her work is in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Modern Art.
He worked for General Electric for 30 years, where he developed the first practical vacuum interrupter and the silicon rectifier in the 1960s.
In the 1980s he served as the Philip Sporn Professor of Energy Processing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and co-chaired the MIT Sloan School's Management of Technology program.
He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1975 and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2000.
Lee went to the United States to further his training, and when the Chinese Communist Revolution overthrew the ROC in 1949, he and his wife chose to stay in the U.S.
In the early 1960s, he developed a new copper-bismuth alloy which led to his successful development of practical vacuum interrupters, for which he was granted U.S. patents.
In the 1960s, he developed the first silicon rectifier which has since replaced the less reliable mercury-arc rectifier in high-voltage direct current transmission.
In 1980, he joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the invitation of Gerald L. Wilson, Dean of the School of Engineering.
He served as Director of the Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems and co-chaired the MIT Sloan School's Management of Technology program.
After retiring from MIT in 1988, Lee co-founded the Center for Quality Management (CQM), together with Alex d'Arbeloff and Ray Stata.
The Israelite Seminary of France (French: Le séminaire israélite de France (SIF)) also known as the Central Rabbinical School of France (L'école centrale rabbinique de France), is a Rabbinical school that trains Orthodox rabbis in France.
Founded in Metz in 1829 as the Central Rabbinical School of Metz, it moved to Paris in 1859, where it is based in the city's 5th arrondissement.
The school is connected with the Israelite Central Consistory of France, one of the major bodies of Orthodox Judaism in France.
It was temporarily set up at the Derenbourg-Springer Institution at 10 Rue de Parc-Royal in the 3e arrondissement of Paris, and later at 57 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir in the 11e arrondissement.
The Consistory bought 1500 square meters of land at 9 Rue Vauquelin in the Latin Quarter of the 5e arrondissement, the center of French intellectual life.
The school kept the name Séminaire israélite de France (SIF), while the rabbinical school also became known as the l’École rabbinique de France.
Of the nineteen Chief Rabbis of France (including interim) since the creation of the role, the last nine Chief Rabbis were ordained by the Seminary.
It is a part of the European Network of Libaries of Judaica and Hebraica, which they founded in July 2004 with the library of the Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Medem Library, House of Yiddish Culture.
He went on to be Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Resources and Plans) in 2001 and Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Health) in 2004 before leaving the Royal Navy in 2007.
He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1991 Birthday Honours and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 2004 Birthday Honours.
Supporting suffrage, she was one of the pioneering feminists of Panama and was honored as a commander in the Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa for her educational contributions to the country.
As it was a new school, it also became a testing ground for her organizational skills, as she had to recruit students from the neighborhood.
She believed in equal opportunities for schooling and pressed for the creation of the first kindergarten in the country, which was opened by Juana Oller.
The goals of the SNPM were to elevate women's awareness of their value to society, train them in the responsibilities of citizenship and promote equality.
In 1960, she was honored as a Commander of the Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa for her contributions to Panamanian education.
She is remembered for having educated generations of Panamanian women, including , the first woman physician in the country and Gumercinda Páez, one of the first woman deputies to serve the National Assembly.
Tim Hill (born July 4, 1984), known professionally by 2oolman, is a Mohawk Canadian record producer and DJ from Six Nations Of The Grand River.
Hill debuted his career by producing for local acts in Toronto, ON area before participating in Red Bull’s Big Tune beat-making battles in Detroit, MI and SXSW.
He achieved early success through producing notable figures in hip-hop such as The Game, Shad and SonReal before receiving attention and support of OVO Sound producer, Boi-1da.
Ashdod of the Israeli Premier League on a season long loan, with an option to make the transfer permanent on a 3 year contract.
On January 21, 2020, it was announced that Owusu would be joining Vancouver Whitecaps FC of MLS on a contract through 2022 with options for 2023.
The 2020 South American Cricket Championship is a forthcoming cricket tournament due to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 1 to 4 October 2020.
This will be the eleventh edition of the women's South American Cricket Championship, and the third in which matches will be eligible for Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status, since the ICC granted WT20I status to matches between all of its Members.
Chandler C. Cohagen (April 24, 1889 - December 9, 1985) was an American architect who designed around 200 buildings in the state of Montana, including the current Montana Governor's Residence.
Cohagen became an architect in Great Falls, Montana in 1915, when he co-founded the firm of Mclver, Cohagen and Marshall with Angus Vaughn McIver and Walter Vancleve Marshall.
A champion-boxer as a schoolboy, in 1946 aged 16 Sewell became a professional and undefeated light-heavyweight and heavyweight boxer, winning all 7 of his fights with 5 knockouts.
Regarded as a contender for the World Heavy-Weight title, in 1949 aged 19 he received treatment for a bout of polio in the United States paid for by British sportsmen.
While a violin teacher in Pau, Tayau took part in a charity concert for the destitute in that city, singing for the first time in public with great success.
Alongside Schneider and other company singers he took part in a tour to twenty towns in Ireland, Scotland and England in 1870 organized by the director of the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin.
Tayau's daughter was the violinist and violin teacher Marie Tayau (1855-1892), who won a first prize at the Conservatoire aged 12, and later had a full career on the concert platform.
She organized popular chamber music concerts at the Trocadéro, and gave the premiere of Fauré's Sonate pour violon et piano no.1 in 1877.
A photo of Tayau as Orphée appears at http://www.offenbach-edition.com/EN/Media/Galerie (included in the CD-rom in their critical edition) as the first one in the fourth row.
According to Hillman, after having attended Oklahoma Military Academy and UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, he became an assistant to Harold Hecht, whom he met while on a casting call at Universal Studios.
The men's shot put event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 19 July 1987.
All official twenty over matches between Associate members of the ICC were eligible to have full Twenty20 International (T20I) or Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status, as the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted T20I status to matches between all of its members from 1 July 2018 (women's teams) and 1 January 2019 (men's teams).
The season included all T20I/WT20I cricket series involving ICC Associate members, that were of lesser notability than series covered in International cricket in 2020–21.
The Members of this parent organization who later went to the University of Illinois and the Armour Institute formed local fraternities: Mu Omega Beta at the University of Illinois, and the Sodales Club at Armour Institute.
These were both organized in 1922 and their colleges gave permission, in 1923 and 1924 respectively, to proceed with the formation of a national social college fraternity.
The Junior college group was dropped, and on August 29, 1924, the state of Illinois chartered the Beta Psi national fraternity.
Too small and too young to survive the financial downturn of the Great Depression, it disbanded abruptly in 1934, with members and chapters dispersing that year.
Overall governance was by the Grand Council, an in-person meeting held bi-annually, composed of the council of administrators and two delegates from each chapter.
In between Grand Councils, the council of administrators was composed of the president, secretary, treasurer, and four additional men, which together formed the governing body of the fraternity.
Beta Psi's badge was a equilateral triangle of enameled black, surrounded by a gold border, with the point toward the bottom.
There is a crest shown in the 1927 Cornellian yearbook which was used several times, and appears to be original to the fraternity.
The dispute forced Alpha Sigma Phi to leave the NIC for a period of three years in 1935/36, rejoining in 1938.
None of the other chapters merged with other fraternities, though some individual members were released to join other groups, notably at Cornell and at Middlebury.
It met in Mudgee throughout its existence: first in the courthouse and then the Cudgegong municipal chambers, but later in its own shire offices in Perry Street.
In 1921, it covered an area of 1170 square miles, had a population of between 4000 and 5000, and was responsible for the maintenance of 530 miles of roads.
Kane's Rudy Tambala purchased a London studio and began producing for other artists, and Alex Ayuli moved to California to pursue other interests.
A couple years later, according to Tambala, David Byrne’s Luaka Bop label reached out to the duo and asked if they would be interested in recording a new album.
Tambala noted that he and Ayuli wrote songs separately and then brought them into the studio, which contrasted with how the duo had previously worked and which led to friction between them.
Prior to her birth, her grandfather immigrated to America from England and bought land in Indiana prior to the American Civil War.
However, she earned money through teaching at public schools during World War I and was able to afford tuition at DePauw University for four years.
Upon her arrival at DePauw (DPU), Welch attempted to pursue chemistry but was rejected by William Blanchard based on her gender.
Yuncker encouraged her to pursue graduate school after her undergraduate degree, and she subsequently earned her Master's degree at the University of Illinois studying plant taxonomy and ecology with W. B. McDougall and William Trelease.
By 1928, she earned a PhD from Indiana University, where she stayed as an instructor until being offered a position at DPU as an assistant professor of botany.
Welch was eventually promoted to Chairman of the botany department and earned a grant from the American Philosophical Society to study in Europe for a year.
As a result of her scientific success, Welch became the first female president of the Indiana Academy of Science in 1947.
They are widest at the tip, and have a tuft of small hairs between the base of the pairs of leaves.
Keren Yeshoua Synagogue, often written as Keren Yéchoua or Keren Ichoua, is a Jewish synagogue in the Tunisian town of La Marsa, a suburb of Tunis.
The synagogue was founded in 1923 and was named Keren Yéchoua after local philanthropist Yéchoua Sauveur Kisraoui who provided the land for the synagogue building.
This synagogue, over the course of its history, has seen generations of Tunisian Jews pray, celebrate life cycle events, and welcomed numerous rabbis as visitors and scholars.
The synagogue, which serves as the center of the Jewish community in La Marsa, also has a Jewish elementary school on site.
Since the beginning of the 1980s, due to a decrease in the number of congregants, the synagogue closed its doors except for during the summer (July-August), when Jewish tourists visit the area on vacation.
The seat of the local Kommandant was only ten meters from the synagogue in the Hotel Zephyr, and legend has it that the pilot saw the Star of David from the dome of the synagoge and adjusted his trajectory to avoid it.
After liberating Tunisia, Jewish Allied soldiers came to pray in the synagogue, photos of which remain preserved in the synagogue's archives.
In 1994, the synagogue was damaged by severe winter weather, leading to the collapse of the dome and structural danger to the rest of the building.
Those responsible for the synagogue, in collaboration with congregants, saved the building despite calls from the municipality and the larger Tunisian Jewish community to demolish the building..
On the evening of April 11-12, 2002, the synagogue was ransacked, with holy books ripped and burned and other ritual objects damaged.
In 2007, the synagogue building celebrated its 80th anniversary and on this occasion, an association was founded in Sarcelles (in France), to safeguard the building and its use as a place of worship.
It is painted in blue and white, traditional colors for Judaism as well as for the village of Sidi Bou Said, which overlooks La Marsa.
The interior of the synagogue uses a unique circular heikhal (Torah ark) and a wooden Teba (Bimah) carved by famous local Cabinet makers.
It is said that the Bey of Tunis, a patron of the arts who had a vacation home in La Marsa, helped assist in the making of the Teba.
A blessing for the Bey of Tunis and later the President of Tunisia were carved in marble in Hebrew, Arabic, and French.
Rabbi Yomtob Kalfon (1899-1977) served as the spiritual leader, officiating minister and administrator of the synagogue from 1927 until his death.
The Rabbi, a member of the Jewish community of Tunis was known for his Erudition as well as his engagement with the larger community, especially on social action issues (as the head of several local charities).
The rabbi continued the work of Chief Rabbi Haïm Bellaïche at Yechiba Hebrat Atalmud, located in Bellaiche's former home at 4 Rue de Cologne in Tunis.
Rabbi Kalfon twice refused to take the role of Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, letting older Rabbis take the role ahead of himself.
The Rabbi was also known for his good relations with other religious communities, especially the Muslim community, and shared friendships with several Muslim leaders, including imams.
Due to these diverse roles, Rabbi Kalfon became an emblematic figure in Tunisian Judaism and in the life of the La Marsa synagogue.
Is advised that the user should not kill the Rensenware main program until their files are decripted, otherwise, the user will lose their files permanently.
In total athletes representing Vietnam won one silver and one bronze medal and the country finished in 46th place in the medal table.
So, if the user wants to write a function that automatically proves some theorems, they write that function in Lean's own language.
One of the Xena Project's goals is to rewrite every theorem and proof in the undergraduate math curriculum of Imperial College London in Lean.
Ruth Anna Fisher (March 15, 1886 – January 28, 1975) was an American historian, archivist, and teacher who played a major role in collecting sources from British archives for the Carnegie Institution and Library of Congress.
Fisher was born in Lorain, Ohio, the daughter of David C. Fisher, a real estate investor and ice merchant, and Elizabeth Dorsey.
Within a few months, however, she had a falling out with Booker T. Washington over matters of pedagogy and the school's requirement that she be involved in the Sunday School.
After leaving Tuskegee, Fisher taught in the Lorain and Indianapolis, Indiana, schools and at the Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth in Manassas, Virginia, studied at the Canadian Academy of Music in Toronto, and was in charge of the recreational center of a YWCA in New York City.
Her work at the YWCA put her in contact with organizer Eva Del Vakia Bowles, and in the YWCA canteen, contact with soldiers returning from the French World War I battlefields underscored her awareness of the differences between the Black experience in the U.S. and that in Europe.
When a benefactor offered to pay for a year of study abroad, Fisher chose the London School of Economics and made her way there in 1920.
While in London, Fisher met with historian J. Franklin Jameson, who was researching documents connected with American history for the Carnegie Institution.
Jameson was to support her throughout her career, even raising $2,500 so that she could pursue training as an opera singer.
After Jameson's death in 1965, Fisher edited a volume of tributes from his fellow historians and wrote one of the selections.
In 1927, she joined the Library of Congress to supervise the copying of American history materials in British repositories, a project that generated as many as 100,000 pages a year after photographic reproduction became the norm.
The concluding years of her Library of Congress career, from 1952 until her retirement in 1956, were spent in Washington, DC.
Fisher's name appears in the acknowledgements of the publications of contemporary historians, who found invaluable her ability to locate obscure documents.
Of particular note was her finding of the original copy of the secret convention that Toussaint Louverture signed with British general Thomas Maitland (British Army officer) on August 31, 1798, lifting the British blockade on Saint-Domingue in exchange for a promise that Louverture would not export the Haitian Revolution to the British colony of Jamaica.
And all of these groups want to make their opinions the predominant and powerful ones in their respective countries and the world with all else subservient to them.
She retained strong connections to her friends in the U.K. and contributed some of the impressions from their letters to Du Bois' new journal Phylon.
Although her chief impact was as a researcher rather than an organizer or activist, Fisher had a keen awareness of racial issues from an early age and was connected with many of those working for civil rights and for opportunities for Black Americans.
Fisher also was active in the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History and spoke at its 1941 meeting in Columbus, Ohio.
And this discontent and dissatisfaction growing over the whole world has arisen because the ordinary man and woman is no longer willing to starve, nor to work to build up riches for her country and nation unless he is given his rightful share of those riches.
William Terence Clark, (born 11 April 1919) is a former British nightfighter navigator/radar operator in the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1938 to 1945.
As of 29 January 2020, he and John Hemingway are the last two verified surviving aircrew of the Battle of Britain.
During the night of 27th/28th April, flying with F/O DO Hobbis, his regular pilot, Clark assisted in the destruction of an unidentified enemy aircraft, on 1st/2nd June and 13th/14th June they shot down He111's.
The 2020 FC Tobol season is the 22nd successive season that the club will play in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan.
The men's 5000 metres event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb with the final on 19 July 1987.
Bjarni Gunnar Sveinsson (born 19 May 1946) is an Icelandic former basketball player who played 36 games for the Icelandic national team.
During the 1976–77 season, Bjarni led the Icelandic League in scoring with 404 points, for an average of 28 points per game.
Despite being 42-years old at the time, he scored 30 points in the first game and 32 points in the second.
The 1966 Arab Nations Cup Final was a football match that took place on 10 April 1966, at the Al-Kashafa Stadium in Baghdad, Iraq, to determine the winner of the 1966 Arab Nations Cup.
Iraq defeated Syria 2–1 with two goals from Ismail Gorgis to Iraq and a goal from Nureddin Idlibi to Syria, to win their second Arab Cup.
Its students were drawn from across the country, including mulatto children of Southern planters and black children from across the country.
Its goal was to provide a good and broad education for children who had little access to educational opportunities and prepare them for a college education.
Gilmore paid for the building, and other expenses such as maintenance were paid through donations, school tuition from some of the students, and revenue from music concerts conducted in the state as well as in the state of New York and Canada.
Where families had money, they put their children in private schools so that there children had an education without overcrowded classrooms, overworked and underqualified teachers, and short school terms.
Property owners were paying a school tax, but that money was not going towards public school education for African-Americans, and the population of children was increasing such that private schools could not meet their demands.
David Klarfeld, portrayed by Simon Schatzberger, first appeared on 21 January 2020, and made his last appearance on 24 January 2020.
Despite Valerie not being interested in Judaism, the pair agree to see each other again, and meet at The Icon for a meal.
Luke is deaf, and when he visits The Mill, Sid Vere (Ashley Rice) asks Ruhma Carter) (Bharti Patel) to translate to British Sign Language.
Robert Doughty Weeks (July 8, 1795 – June 16, 1854) was an American banker who was a founder and president of the New York Stock Exchange.
A found and member of the New York Stock Exchange, Weeks served as president of the Exchange twice, first from 1834 to 1835 (when he was succeeded by Edward Prime), and second from 1836 to 1837, when he was succeeded by David Clarkson.
After her death, Weeks was married to Harriet Thompson Strong (1801–1864), a daughter of Benjamin Franklin Strong and Sarah (née Weeks) Strong, in 1832.
Through his daughter Julia, he was a grandfather of Henry Wheeler DeForest (1855–1938), who became a railroad executive, capitalist and industrialist, and Robert Weeks DeForest (1848–1931), a lawyer, financier, and philanthropist.
Cobborah Shire was abolished and split on 1 January 1950 with part merged with the Municipality of Wellington and Macquarie Shire to form Wellington Shire and the balance absorbed into Gulgong Shire.
Local elections in Taiwan, also known as nine-in-one elections since 2014, are held to elect local officials and councillors in Taiwan.
Hazel Greene-Pereira (born 19 January 1960) is an Irish three time archer for Ireland in the Summer Olympic Games, powerlifter and fencer.
She won in her age group and weight division at the World Association of Benchpress and Deadlifting World Championships in 1997.
In 2005 she began fencing and came sixth in the épée in the Veterans age group at the United States Fencing Association National Championships in 2007.
After a short period as a postdoctoral research fellow investigating cardiovascular disease at the University of Sussex, Cardew decided to work in science publishing.
Cardew was elected President of EuroScience in 2006, on their executive committee in 2018 and as Vice President of their governing board in 2019.
She serves as Chair of the EuroScience Open Forum Advisory Board, through which she devices the host cities of their annual events.
In 2011 she became their first Director of Science and Education, in which capacity she oversaw science education and policy work.
She represented the Royal Institution at a Government of the United Kingdom roundtable on effective ways to encourage girls to choose physics, engineering and mathematics.
The 2011 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 29–31 July at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
Janie McCarthy (1885 – 20 December 1964) was an Irish resistance worker during World War II in Paris, and language teacher.
For her work in teaching during World War I, she was awarded the in 1918, which was rarely awarded to foreigners.
At the outbreak of World War II, McCarthy destroyed her British passport to avoid the possibility of being imprisoned by German authorities.
She joined the resistance and other related groups when France fell, she even started her own initiative in the Paris area.
Her area of specialisation was in rescue work, saving a number of lives including members of the allied intelligence services and armies.
Her riskiest gambit was bringing an American officer through a Gestapo inspection in the Paris metro, convincing the officers that he was as a deaf mute because he could not speak French.
She donated a large portion of her salary to fund a civilian camp at Saint Denis, the Military Hospital Val de Grace and the sanatorium at Brevannes.
For her work she was awarded the French and , the American medal of freedom and a citation signed by President Eisenhower, and the British Tedder certificate for aiding British personnel to escape.
Angus V. McIver (April 29, 1892 - July 24, 1974) was an American architect who designed many buildings in the state of Montana.
McIver became an architect in Great Falls, Montana in 1915, when he co-founded the firm of Mclver, Cohagen and Marshall with Chandler C. Cohagen and Walter V. Marshall.
Over the course of his career, McIver designed many churches, hospitals and schools, as well as the courthouses of Toole County, Glacier County and Pondera County.
Macquarie Shire was amalgamated on 1 January 1950 with the Municipality of Wellington and part of Cobbora Shire to form Wellington Shire.
He grew up in Great Falls, Montana from the age of 10, and he graduated from the University of Michigan in 1915.
Marshall co-founded the firm of Mclver, Cohagen and Marshall with Angus V. McIver and Chandler C. Cohagen in 1915, and they designed many buildings in Great Falls, Montana.
He taught at his alma mater, the University of Michigan, from 1925 to 1960, when he retired as Assistant Dean of the College of Architecture and Design.
Masika Kalysha Tucker (born June 7, 1987) known professionally as Masika Kalysha is an American actress, reality television personality, singer/songwriter and businesswoman.
She is known for her appearances in numerous hip hop music videos for artists such as Flo Rida, Waka Flocka Flame and French Montana.
On August 11, 2011 Kalysha moved to Los Angeles, California to pursue her acting and modeling career after the death of one of her friends Lashawna Threatt.
Kalysha's role in the film was not a starring one, but it did land Kalysha her first break in Hollywood as an actress.
Kalysha returned for , which chronicled the birth of her daughter, Khari Barbie Maxwell, and her subsequent co-parenting with Fetty Wap.
The season revealed scenes of Kalysha breaking the fourth wall several times to express her displeasure with producers, as well as threatening legal action and storming off set.
After giving birth, Kalysha decided to set a positive example for her daughter and resist the urge to engage in conflicts.
Her vision behind the cosmetic line is to create a legacy for her daughter Khari so that she could have her own company and not have to work for anyone else.
Mount Cruiser is a 6,104 ft (1,860 meter) mountain summit located in the Olympic Mountains, in Mason County of Washington state.
Cruiser has two sub-peaks, Alpha (6040 ft/1841 m), and Beta (5920 ft/1804 m), the latter of which lies on the Olympic National Park boundary.
The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Olympic Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall (Orographic lift).
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
Zotiraciclib (TG02) is a potent oral kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer that crosses the blood brain barrier and acts by depleting Myc through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9).
It is one of a number of CDK inhibitors under investigation; others targeting CDK9 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia include alvocidib and atuveciclib.
Zotiraciclib has been granted orphan drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of gliomas.
, zotiraciclib is being evaluated by Adastra Pharmaceuticals in two separate Phase 1b clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
The first Phase 1b clinical trial of zotiraciclib in GBM, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is a multi-arm, dose-finding study examining zotiraciclib plus dose-dense or metronomic temozolomide (TMZ) in adults with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM.
The second Phase 1b trial of zotiraciclib is being conducted by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and is designed as a three-parallel cohort, open-labeled, non-randomized, multicenter study in elderly patients with IDH1R132H-non mutant and MGMT promoter-unmethylated anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma.
Jabot (foaled 1931 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racemare who won several stakes races and set a new Santa Anita Park track record in winning the San Carlos Handicap over 13 of the premier stake racers in the country.
Bred and raced by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, Jabot was trained by the father and son team of Tom and John Healey.
On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz concentration camp—a Nazi concentration camp where more than a million people were murdered—was liberated by the Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive.
Between 1940 and 1945, about 1.3 million people (mostly Jews) were deported to Auschwitz by Nazi Germany; 1.1 million were murdered.
In January 1945, after the Red Army launched the Vistula–Oder Offensive and approached the camp, almost 60,000 prisoners were forced to leave on a death march westward.
Inmates were marched to Loslau and Gleiwitz, where they were forced into Holocaust trains and transported to concentration camps in Germany.
However, the liberation of the camp was not a specific goal of the Red Army and happened as a consequence of their advance westward across Poland.
The Red Army had already liberated concentration camps in the Baltic area in early- to mid-1944, and other concentration camps continued to be liberated until the German surrender in May 1945.
Two hundred and thirty-one Red Army soldiers died in the fighting around Monowitz concentration camp, Birkenau, and Auschwitz I, as well as the towns of Oświęcim and Brzezinka.
At Monowitz camp, there were about 800 survivors and the camp was liberated also on 27 January by the Soviet 60th Army, part of the 1st Ukrainian Front.
I read about the Nazis' treatment of Jews in various leaflets, but there was nothing about the Nazis' treatment of women, children, and old men.
As soon as they arrived, the liberating forces (assisted by the Polish Red Cross) tried to help survivors by organizing medical care and food; Red Army hospitals cared for 4,500 survivors.
The date of the liberation (27 January) is recognized by the United Nations and the European Union as International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
On the 75th anniversary (2020), a forum of world leaders—the World Holocaust Forum—will be held in Israel, hosted by President Reuven Rivlin.
Among the attendees will be United States Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, President of Russia Vladimir Putin, Charles, Prince of Wales, the president of Germany, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, and Volodymyr Zelensky, the president of Ukraine.
She contributed dozens of poems to Child Life Magazine, Harper's, Motion Picture, Poetry, and other lifestyle magazines, and is credited as the author of six children's books.
They moved in 1923 with her father and family to Valparaiso, Florida During these years she was prolifically published, both in magazines and with childrens books, with illustrations provided by Ve Elizabeth Cadie.
It was designed by Frederick C. Sauer, a well-known German-American architect in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Immaculate Conception High School (now called Geibel Catholic High School) operated as the parish's school until 1967 when it became a regional parochial school.
The increasing number of Catholics in the town necessitated the construction of a larger church which was later destroyed by fire on January 22, 1892.
The congregation was eager for a new church which was then designed by Frederick C. Sauer, an architect well-known for his churches in the Pittsburgh region.
After its completion he continued his own projects, including a parsonage which was completed in 1908 and a parochial school begun in 1911.
The parish celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2019 with a year-long celebration which included the dedication of a new electronic organ and a mass celebrated by Bishop Edward C. Malesic.
He is also serving as the Director of Research at the Hoover Institution and is the Ormond Family Professor of Finance at Stanford Graduate School of Business.
in economics, magna cum laude with distinction, from Yale University in 1996 and received a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004.
He was appointed to the position of principal chief economist by President Donald Trump and began his term on November 4th, 2019.
His work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Addison Gallery of American Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and the Walker Art Center.
Noah Jacob Urrea (born 31 March 2001) is a Mexican-American singer, songwriter, dancer, musician, actor and model, also known as a member of the global pop group Now United, representing the United States.
He is the third child of Marco and Wendy Urrea, and has two older siblings, Nicolas Urrea (born 1996), and Linsey Urrea (born 1998).
The same year, he was chosen to represent the United States as a member of the global pop group, Now United, created by Simon Fuller and managed by XIX Entertainment..
It acquired the Crypto-Asset Module (CRA) license from the Central Bank of Bahrain, making it the first and only licensed crypto exchange in the Middle East.
Rain allows users in Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Oman to buy, sell and store Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple using their bank accounts, debit cards or credit cards.
It was designed in the Tudor Revival style by Wallace H. Comstock, and built in 1915-1916 thanks in part to a donation from Amos L. Prescott, a financier from New York.
The Bears finished the 2019 season with an 11–3 record, 8–1 Big 12 play, losing the conference championship to Oklahoma and losing the Sugar Bowl to Georgia.
In late 1966, the South Kane-Kendall Broadcasting Corporation was one of two applicants for channel 60 at Aurora; it won the station in 1968, initially proposing an educational-commercial hybrid schedule featuring credit courses from Waubonsee Community College.
Investors in South Kane-Kendall included Roy Raymond, owner of a plastics company, and Ray Sherwood, general manager of Aurora radio station WMRO-FM.
The station also won the favor of city councilmembers, who voted down a proposed cable system for Aurora largely because they feared it would harm the planned local station.
The cost of building the station was less than expected because South Kane-Kendall was able to get deals on used equipment, including a transmitter from WCET in Cincinnati.
In a market with multiple independent stations already, its program offerings included movies, a program featuring a cartoonist, children's shows, and other local fare.
Briefly in December and January, WLXT cut back its programming to a bare minimum of live news and a movie while work was carried out to add new color equipment at a cost of over $150,000; by this time, South Kane-Kendall had hired Simpson Productions to manage channel 60.
After the upgrade was complete, WLXT broadcast from 3:30 to 11 p.m. on weekdays and 5 to 11 p.m. on weekends.
After the station closed, news director Christine Lund, who had taken the position two years out of college, went to work for KGO-TV in San Francisco on her way to becoming a well-known anchor in Los Angeles.
Craig Roberts, who joined the station's news staff, was asked to do sports when the sports director quit; he went on to be the sports director of KPRC-TV in Houston.
A pair of brothers—Tom Skilling, later of WGN-TV, and Jeffrey Skilling, who would later become the CEO of Enron Corporation—worked at WLXT-TV while in high school; Tom did weather, while Jeff helped in the control room.
It was designed in the Western Commercial style with Classical Revival and American Craftsman features on the facade, and built in 1911-1912.
It was known as the Acme Theater in 1912 and the Broadway Theater from 1912 to 1916, followed by the Regent Theater until the 1930s.
Lifespan: Why We Age, and Why We Don't Have To is a non-fiction book authored by Australian biologist David Andrew Sinclair and journalist Matthew LaPlante and published by Atria Books on September 10, 2019.
Sergio Vez (born May 13, 1994 in Basauri, Basque Country, Spain; also known as Sergio Vez Labrador) is a Spanish curler.
Cora Wilburn (1824 - 4 December 1906) was an American poet, novelist and the author of the first Jew­ish nov­el pub­lished in the Unit­ed States with an Amer­i­can theme.
He remarried after his first wife died, used a variety of names, and moved frequently with his family to places as far apart as Germany, India, Australia and Venezuela.
She immigrated in 1848 to 1848 to Philadelphia, where she found very poorly paid work as a seamstress in the homes of well-off Jewish families.
After four years as a seamstress, she changed her name to Cora Wilburn, became a writer, and joined the spiritualist movement.
The Sidi Moument Cultural Center () is a community center located in the Sidi Moumen neighborhood on the outskirts of Casablanca, Morocco.
It is considered the first social community center of its kind in Sidi Moumen, one of Casablanca's most notorious neighborhoods for drug-dealing, crime, and violent extremism.
The center was established in the aftermath of the 2003 suicide bombings in Casablanca; the perpetrators came from the disadvantaged Sidi Moumen neighborhood.
The Sidi Moumen Cultural Center affords the neighborhood's youth opportunities to encounter and participate in the performing arts, to learn foreign languages, to exhibit their creative talents, and to develop professional skills.
Parioscorpio is an extinct genus of scorpion containing the species P. venator known from the Silurian aged Brandon Bridge Formation near Waukesha, Wisconsin.
The animal is around 2.5 centimetres long, It is characterized by a trapezoidal prosoma with large eyes located antero-laterally, and large pedipalps.
How terrestrial the organism was is uncertain, as it was found in a shallow marine deposit, but it could have been transported into the environment from terrestrial sources.
The separation of military and police roles is the principle by which the military and police perform clearly differentiated duties and do not interfere with each other's areas of discipline.
Military and police differ, sometimes fundamentally, in areas such as source of authority, training in use of force, training in investigation and prosecution, and training in enforcing laws and ensuring civil liberties.
Military personnel on the other hand, are trained to defend the national territory from foreign military threats and are equipped with weapons designed to kill the enemy, rather than to stun or disable.
The presence of a heavily-armed military standing in for the police may reassure anxious citizens, but is at best partial and short-term.
In the United States, the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act limits (but does not absolutely forbid) the powers of the federal government in using federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies.
There are instances of the military being called into action (such as during national emergencies caused by natural disasters) and efficiently saving lives and restoring order.
On the other hand, there have also been instances where the use of military in a domestic role has gone wrong.
I am even more firmly opposed to any relaxation of the Posse Comitatus restrictions on the use of the military to search, seize and arrest.
Melton Mowbray is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Southern Midlands, in the Midlands region of Tasmania.
Coe’s fourth album in two years was written and recorded during a period of marital turmoil, and the five songs he composed for the LP reflect this personal upheaval.
Anna Madara Pērkone (; born 1994), better known under her stage name Annna (stylized in all caps), is a Latvian-Dutch singer, songwriter and music producer.
At the age of 17, Pērkone moved to the Netherlands to study European studies at Maastricht University, but ended her studies after one year to focus on her musical career.
In January 2020, it was announced that she and 25 other acts had been shortlisted from the 126 entries received by the Latvian broadcaster LTV.
El Hunt of DIY Mag noted the song's departure from Bain's usual production heavy electronic style in favour of a more stripped down, melodic composition.
A connected complex Lie group that is a compact group is abelian and a connected compact complex Lie group is a complex torus; i.e., a quotient of formula_3 by a lattice.
The small oil-on-limewood-panel painting is considered to be one of the earliest examples of a still life painting, and one of the first trompe-l'œil paintings, to be made in Europe since classical antiquity.
The set of objects appears as if it is lying on top of a wooden table or hanging from a nail against a wooden wall.
To the lower right is a scrap of paper with the date and the painter's signature, and a drawing of caduceus, a symbol used by Jacopo de' Barbari.
The panel may have been made as the back or the hinged cover for a portrait, or as an amusing decoration for a hunting room.
It is held by the Alte Pinakothek, and has been in the Bavarian State Painting Collections since 1804, before which it was held at the Schloss Neuburg since at least 1764.
The British Museum holds a similar drawing of a dead grey partridge by Jacopo de' Barbari, also dated to 1504, from the collection of Sir Hans Sloane.
In total athletes representing Latvia won one gold and one silver medal and the country finished in 29th place in the medal table.
In total athletes representing Kenya won two gold medals, one silver medal and two bronze medals; all medals were won in athletics.
Due to the record breaking box office success of the film, thanks in large part of his appealing art, a high demand of his works soon followed, establishing himself as the go-to poster artist by the local studios.
After his wife died in 2007, he returned to Hong Kong and resumed sketching and showcasing his works at art exhibit.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, relations between both nations have been maintained mainly through international organizations such as at the United Nations.
In February 2008, Mexican Director General for Africa and the Middle East, Ana Luisa Fajer, visited Oman and held meetings with the Secretary General of the Omani Foreign Ministry.
In October 2012, Mexican Foreign Undersecretary, Lourdes Aranda Bezaury, traveled to Oman and met with her counterpart, Ahmed Bin Yousuf Obaid Al-Harthi, where they held the first meeting of bilateral relations between both nations.
In February 2013, Foreign Undersecretary Aranda, paid a second visit to Oman with the aim of promoting the candidacy of Dr. Herminio Blanco Mendoza to the post of Director-General of the World Trade Organization.
Oman included Mexico in a technical-scientific project on the different types of mango, which has generated extensive cooperation between the governmental institutions of both countries.
Both nations signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of a Common Interest Consultation Mechanism between the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and the Omani Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2012).
Currently, a Memorandum of Understanding for the Suppression of Visas for Diplomatic, Official, Special and Service Passport Holders and an Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion are currently being negotiated.
Jargo is a village in the Ilu Jargo panchayat in the Jhalda I CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Jargo had a total population of 4,083, of which 2,074 (51%) were males and 2,009 (49%) were females.
All band members have a Bachelor’s Degree from recognized university and can play competently in at least one military sponsored instrument.
Various conductors of the band in its history have increased the range of its repertoire to include arrangements of symphonies, solos, concertos and other forms of contemporary music that includes Indian classical and Western pop music.
The band has also improvised on Hindustani classical and Carnatic raga in various forms and genres, particularly in fusion with the Western and Jazz music.
The band also has made enhancements in recent years to include the addition adding a large string section comprising violins, violas, cellos and double basses to make it a complete symphonic orchestra.
Sub Lieutenant Ramesh Chand Katoch from the Navy Band has set a record for leading a band contingent on the Rajpath, leading it in 20 out 30 consecutive parades.
It performs at State dinners held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, hosted by the President of India for a foreign head of state.
The same band took part in the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo and the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in 2017.
Pedro Henrique de Bragança e Ligne de Sousa Tavares Mascarenhas da Silva (19 January 1718 - Granja de Alpriate, 26 June 1761), 1st was a Portuguese aristocrat, visionary and intellectualist of the 18th century who served as a magistrate in the role of Regent of Justice in the courts of King D. and D. .
This fact is closely related to being one of the strongest pretenders to the hand of the future Queen D. , as well as the other uncle of D. Maria I - legitimate descendant of D. John V, D. .
D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança was the first born son of and D. Luísa Antonia Casimira de Sousa Nassau e Ligne.
The then Secretary of State, Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, declared that in this act His Majesty King D. João V made D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança Duke of Lafões.
D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança would be found countless times in his Library during his youth deeply interested in Philosophy and Geography in particular, although the Duke had a privileged education in all aspects of knowledge.
Being fluent in European languages and also in the main Asian languages, he was also a scholar in sacred and profane history, both national and from other kingdoms.
D. Peter was a man of a profoundly religious character, and the first place he visited when he arrived from his trips to his farms and villas outside the capital was the Confessionary.
Although the Duke never married, he maintained a loving relationship with Luisa Clara of Portugal, the Myrtle Flower, which was not looked kindly upon by King D. João V. Eventually, after the intervention of Friar Gaspar da Encarnação, the King, godfather, and uncle to the Duke consented on the relationship, the which Ana de Bragança was born.
Pedro Henrique de Bragança being one of the main candidates to the hand of D. Maria I - together with Prince Peter III of Portugal - all his vision for the rebuilding of the Palacio do Grilo was always linked to somewhat of a dream-like realm, a certain architectural fantasy of an oneiric kingdom, made partly real.
However, D. Pedro became fatally ill a few months after the massive 1755 Lisbon earthquake, presumably due to his tireless efforts to rebuild the city, having been regularly seen carrying shovels, hoes, and lifeless bodies.
D. Pedro was gravely ill for 4 years before dying in 1761, spending the last year exiled from the court of King Joseph I at his Quinta de Alpriate.
The exile resulted as the royal punishment for D. Pedro de Bragança setting out all the candles in the Palace on the occasion of the marriage between King Peter III and Queen Mary I as they rode by within the royal chariot.
She is the Herman and Brita Lindholm Endowed Chair Professor in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Washington State University.
Bose was born and raised in India, and was inspired to pursue a career in chemistry by her high school teacher mother.
By 1990, she graduated with a degree in chemistry from the University of Kalyani and pursued a Master's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.
Bose and her husband Amit Bandyopadhyay, a postdoctoral fellow at Rutgers, moved from New Jersey to Washington when he was offered a position in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Washington State University.
The following year, she co-received a $750,000 grant to establish a biomedical materials research laboratory at WSU with her husband and Howard Hosick.
By 2009, Bose became the first person of Indian descent to receive the Karl Schwartzwalder-Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award from the American Ceramic Society’s National Institute of Ceramic Engineers.
A few years later, Bose and her research team discovered they could strengthen calcium phosphate by adding silica and zinc oxide.
Based on this discovery, the team began using a 3D printer to allow the mixture to help new cells grow, and eventually replacement bone tissue.
The following year, Bose, her husband, and William Dernell received a $1.8 million National Institutes of Health grant for a period of five year to focus on bone implants inside the human body.
In 2015, Bose was the recipient of a ‘Women to Watch in Life Science’ award from the Washington Biotechnology and Biomedical Association and later elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
In June 2019, Bose and Naboneeta Sarkar developed a way to deliver drugs using curcumin to cease bone cancer cells without inhibiting growth of healthy bone cells.
The song became one of her most successful songs, peaking at number 5 in the UK and number 4 in Ireland.
William Cabell Greet (28 January 1901, El Paso, Texas – 19 December 1972, Santa Barbara, California) was an American philologist and a professor of English.
In the early 1920s he was an instructor at the University of Texas, the University of Colorado, and the University of California.
He joined Barnard College's faculty in 1926, was appointed McIntosh Professor of English in 1953, and was department chair until he became professor emeritus in 1966.
From 1931 to about 1942, Greet and George W. Hibbitt (1895–1965) created and disseminated an audio archive of poetry readings by a number of famous American poets.
He donated to Columbia University a collection of letters he received from famous American authors, including John Mason Brown, John Cheever, John Dos Passos, Marianne Moore, and H.L.
His widow Katherine was born on 20 June 1897 in Elmira, New York and died in February 1986 in Santa Barbara.
Jair Ayrton Córdova Carpio (born 18 August 1996) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Canadian club Cavalry FC.
On 22 January 2020, Córdova signed with Canadian Premier League side Cavalry FC, after the Canadian club activated his release clause.
He oversaw several major building projects, including Place Bonaventure, Le Village Olympique, Place Montreal Trust, Royal Bank Plaza, the CN Tower, King Abdulaziz University, the Louvre Pyramid, and the Tehran International Tower.
The episode establishes the plot of the series, about an Iraq war veteran turned hit man who decides to pursue an acting career after following a mark to acting class.
He is told by Goran (Glenn Fleshler) and NoHo Hank (Anthony Carrigan), that Barry must kill Ryan Madison (Tyler Jacob Moore), a personal trainer with whom Goran’s wife is cheating.
The theater teacher, Gene M. Cousineau (Henry Winkler) insults Sally (Sarah Goldberg), the female student, then encourages her to finish the scene, which she does with fervor.
At the bar, she and the acting students (Nick, Jermaine, Antonio, Sasha, Natalie, Lydia, and Ryan), brainstorm a monologue Barry can prepare for class.
He turns around to see a Chechen reloading a weapon from a car where NoHo Hank instructs him to shoot Barry.
In 2014, Hader signed a development deal with HBO and approached co-show runner Alec Berg to help him develop a television series.
The episode was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards in the Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series.
It has less gliadin (gluten) than wheat, but still performs well in breads, both in terms of dough rising and texture qualities, and in taste-testing, where it substantially outperformed gluten-free breads.
It has ten times more lutein, more oleic acid, and more fiber than wheat, giving products made from it a yellower hue and a pleasant flavor profile.
Under development by the Spanish National Research Council since 1977, it was launched onto the market in April 2013 by the start-up Agrasys company created under the auspices of the University of Barcelona to commercialize the cereal.
Because of this water-saving feature, it won first prize for a Sustainable Ingredient in the 2018 Sustainable Food Awards organized by Ecovia Intelligence.
He worked at Lettergieterij Amsterdam (the Amsterdam Type Foundry) for over forty years and directed the Gerrit Rietveld Academie from 1968 to 1974.
With the outbreak of the Second World War, however, he was unable to contact potential clients and production on the typeface was abandoned.
He had become slightly bitter with type design after realizing that he could have earned much more money from some of his designs if he had been a freelancer rather than an employee of the type foundry, as he was not entitled to royalties.
Located at 143 Barrack Street in the city's central business district, it has also been known as City Loans Office, and more recently Toastspace.
The building at 143 Barrack Street was purpose-built in 1894 for Phineas Seeligson, a pawnbroker and prominent member of the local Jewish community.
He had, since at least the previous year, been operating from 201-03 Murray Street, and was one of only two pawnbrokers listed in Perth.
A clause in the will stipulated that his trustees were not to sell the property for 30 years, as Seeligson was convinced it would increase in value and be of greater benefit to his specified charitable causes.
Jones ran the pawnbroking shop with his brother-in-law Ernest Dyson until 1930, during which time Dyson and his family lived in a residence above the shop.
Over the following 30 years, various businesses were located in the building's shop, initially the Chinese restaurant Cafe Nanking – one of the first on Perth – which opened on 22 November 1930.
By 2008, the building had been mostly unused for approximate 50 years, apart from the ground-floor shop, where a hairdresser was located.
Peter Rossdeutcher bought the building, and undertook conservation works which were awarded a Certificate of Merit in the City of Perth's 2014 biennial Heritage Awards.
The Toastfaced Grillah cafe moved into the rear of the property, accessed via Grand Lane, and became such a popular venue that the whole building was named Toastspace.
, the front shop was still the hairdresser, and the rest of the building was used as a space for meetings, a filming venue and studio for bands, and shared office space.
The building at 143 Barrack Street, on the west side of the street, is a three storey tuck-pointed brick building, situated amongst single and two storey buildings from the same era.
The front of the building has a suspended metal lined awning, which replaced the original two-storey verandah in the mid-20th century.
A timber staircase in the centre of the building provides access from the ground floor to the upper levels; a second one at the rear gives access to the basement.
The Trianon de Porcelaine (French for Porcelain Trianon) was a short-lived structure constructed near the Palace of Versailles, and is considered to be the first Chinoiserie building in Europe It was built in 1670 on the former site of the village of Trianon which Louis XIV of France had acquired in the 1660s to enlarge the grounds of his expanding palace.
The structure comprised five wood-framed pavilions, decorated with blue and white ceramic tiles, and surrounded by formal gardens with extravagant displays of perfumed flowers.
The Trianon de Porcelaine was demolished in 1687 and replaced by the more permanent Grand Trianon, which was constructed from stone and so is sometimes known as the Trianon de Marbre (Marble Trianon).
As Louis XIV developed the former hunting lodge at Versailles into a royal palace, he also expanded its gardens and grounds, acquiring the land around Trianon between 1662 and 1665.
He had the rural buildings of the village removed, and a new building was designed for the king by his architect, Louis Le Vau, with the construction was completed by Le Vau's assistant François d'Orbay.
The new structure comprised five wood-framed pavilions decorated with blue and white ceramic tiles, in what was considered to be a Chinese style, emulating accounts that had been received of the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing.
In the absence of a European source of true porcelain, the tiles were made of tin-glazed earthenware produced by potteries in the Netherlands and France, mostly decorated with blue glazes but also including some with green or yellow.
The structure was used as a banqueting house, and as a meeting place for Louis XIV and his mistress Madame de Montespan from 1671.
Other guest and service functions were relegated to the other four pavilions, two large and two small, arranged around two oval courtyards.
A parterre behind the central pavilion contained fountains and flowerbeds, using an innovative system of flowers buried in pots which could be replaced very quickly, allowing fresh flowers grown in hothouses to be put out at any time including the middle of winter, and enabling the decorative scheme of perfumed and exotic flowers to be changed during the course of a single day.
A south facing slope was planted with fragrant orange trees, which were protected by temporary greenhouses in the winter, overlooking the north end of the Grand Canal, which had been constructed between 1668 and 1671.
The collection of flowers at the north end of the Grand Canal's transverse arm balanced the collection of animals in the royal menagerie at the south end, completed in 1664.
Louis XIV's new mistress, Madame de Maintenon, disliked the building, and the exterior decorative tiles were becoming cracked and badly weathered, so he ordered the demolition of the Trianon de Porcelaine and replacement by a more permanent structure, designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.
Few traces of the Trianon de Porcelaine survive, save for the layout of its garden, some vases, some painted wall panels, and some furniture attributed to the cabinetmaker Pierre Golle, including a writing table held by the Getty Museum.
Carrère frequently wrote on the concept of Négritude, the movement of French African writers and poets to express their French identities.
Carrère arranged the Festival international de poésie de Saint-Louis du Sénégal from 3 to 5 December 2015, with secondary school and university students competing in a poetry competition.
Bijou is an 1972 American pornographic film directed and edited by Wakefield Poole and starring Bill Harrison as a construction worker who witnesses a car accident and discovers an invitation to a club called Bijou in the purse of the victim.
The interiors of the Bijou club were filmed in Poole's living room; the crew covered the walls and floors with black felt and built a platform in the center of the room that was covered with black velvet.
He is the author of the project of the Oporto Relationship Chain and also produced some paintings in the remodelling of Palácio Nacional de Mafra, Palacio do Grilo, and Palácio Nacional da Ajuda, namely his exquisite frescos on the ceilings regularly exhibiting his tromp l'oeil technique in framings and other archtechtonic elements.
Yana Oleksandrivna Shemaieva (; born 21 October 1995), known professionally as Jerry Heil (), is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, and YouTuber.
Heil attended music schools in Kiev, attending the R. Glier Kyiv Institute of Music and Petro Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine.
After registering for the Russian social networking website VKontakte, she used the name Jerry Mouse, referencing the cartoon character of the same name.
In 2012, Heil launched her YouTube channel, where she posted vlogs and covers of songs made popular by Ukrainian and international musicians, such as Twenty One Pilots, Okean Elzy, The Hardkiss, and Kodaline.
Okean Elzy frontman Svyatoslav Vakarchuk frequently republished Heil's covers of songs by the band and cited his approval of her versions.
In 2017, Heil signed a recording contract with Ukrainian record label Vidlik Records, known for its association with Ukrainian musical group Onuka.
She advanced from the initial audition in front of the judges to the bootcamp phase of the competition, where she was eliminated.
The track quickly gained momentum, when Ukrainian singers such as NK and Vera Brezhneva complimented and further distributed the song's snippet.
Following the success of the song, Heil began pursuing songwriting, where she wrote songs for musicians including Brezhneva and the Kiev-based band Cloudless, with Ukrainian songwriter and producer Konstantin Meladze.
In January 2020, Heil was announced to be competing in Vidbir 2020, the Ukrainian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam.
The company then insisted that all Universal Music Group songs included on Heil's channel must be removed and demanded a fine of several thousand Ukrainian hryvnias for violating copyright laws.
In a meeting between representatives from both companies, they negotiated a deal where Heil's fines were substantially lowered, and an agreement was reached regarding how many copyright infringements Heil had committed.
Drums of the Desert is a 1940 American adventure film directed by George Waggner and written by Dorothy Davenport and George Waggner.
Desperate to escape the situation, she soon finds herself wrapped up in a murder mystery and embroiled in otherworldly affairs far bigger than she could have imagined.
In 1890s Malacca, Li Lan finds herself in the afterlife and becomes mired in a mystery linked to the sinister, deceased son of a wealthy family.
Captain Tsubasa: Rise of New Champions is an upcoming football video game published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch.
He was bailiff of the West Derby Hundred from 18 September 1399 until his death and tax collector of Lancashire in November 1404 and December 1407.
The 2018 College Hockey America Women's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 1 and March 3, 2018, at the Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York.
Mercyhurst won their 12th tournament and earned College Hockey America's automatic bid into the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Ice Hockey Tournament.
On the first day of the Tournament, the top two seeds get a bye, while the #3 seed plays the #6 seed, and the #4 seed plays the #5 seed in the Quarterfinal round.
On the second day, the Semifinal games feature the #1 seed against the lowest remaining seed, while the #2 seed plays the highest remaining seed.
The Mercyhurst Lakers were the number 8 seed out of 8 in the tournament, and lost to #1 seed Clarkson 3-2 in overtime on March 10, in Potsdam, New York.
Knute Haugsjaa (December 29, 1915 - March 20, 1959) was an American architect who designed many buildings in the state of Montana.
The downtempo song was a moderate hit in Europe, peaking at number 11 in Denmark, number 18 in Austria, number 19 in Finland, number 21 in Switzerland and number 28 in Germany.
Fang Shouxian (; October 28, 1932 – January 19, 2020) was a Chinese physicist who served as President of the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
After graduating from Fudan University in October 1955, he was assigned to the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He served as vice-president of the Institute of High Energy Physics in 1986, and two years later was promoted to President.
Mount Watson is a 12,497-foot (3,809 meter) glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States.
The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, west of the Canada-US Border, and north of Mount Fairweather, which is the highest peak in the Fairweather Range.
The mountain's name was officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1924 to commemorate David Thompson Watson (1844-1916), who was US Counsel to the 1903 Alaska Boundary Tribunal.
The first ascent of the peak was made June 18, 1974, by Michael Allen, Walter Gove, Lawrence Dauelsberg, Alice Liska, and Donald Liska via the East Ridge.
The Mantle of Amélie of Orléans is a royal garment, part of the Portuguese Crown Jewels, that was fashioned for Queen Amélie of Portugal, consort of King Carlos I of Portugal.
The mantle was a gift of the city of Paris to the Queen upon her marriage to Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal in 1886.
She is known to have worn it on only two occasions: on 4 July 1892, during the ceremony at Necessidades Palace in which she was presented with the Golden Rose, conferred to her by Pope Leo XIII; and on 21 March 1899, during a gala reception at the Palace of Ajuda to celebrate her son Luís Filipe, Prince Royal's 12th birthday.
In 2018, as it was showing evident signs of deterioration (several tears, the silver embroidery had oxidised, the rose-coloured velvet had taken on a brownish tinge), it underwent restoration.
The necessary 6 thousand euros were donated by the Versailles Foundation, having been secured by the personal commitment of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, Queen Amélie's godson.
It is made of rose-coloured velvet with a satin lining in the same colour, and decorated with delicate silver embroidery in phytomorphic motifs all around; the edge is trimmed with satin frills.
UDisc () is a disc golf app for scorekeeping, statistics, and discovery for smartphones and tablet computers running the Android or iOS operating system.
It gives access to an extensive community-driven course directory with user-submitted course condition updates, hole-by-hole navigation information about course layouts, and a chronological list of local PDGA-sanctioned events.
The app can be downloaded and used for free, but an optional in-app paid subscription to UDisc Pro unlocks more features.
UDisc Live is the official scoring app for real-time statistics at various tournaments, including all PDGA National Tour and Disc Golf Pro Tour events.
John Tauras (born 16 October 2000) is an actor, model and filmmaker from Lithuania, the Baltic States based in Los Angeles and London.
By the age of five he began acting in kindergarten plays and musicals and later on, was on a family television show.
Later on Tauras attended drama classes in the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre and Margie Haber Studio in Los Angeles, California.
Tauras was confronted by a scout when he was 14 and turned it down as he wanted to pursue an acting career.
The ballad tells the first-person story of a hitchhiker's encounter with the ghost of Hank Williams, Sr. in a ride from Montgomery, Alabama to Nashville, Tennessee.
Over a languid beat and using simple language, Coe delivers a stunning vocal that expresses with weary resignation the bitterness, guilt, and extreme sadness that comes with a broken family.
He studied music and dance in the United States, Mexico as well as Canada and later specialized in Latin and Ballroom dance, in which he has won multiple awards.
He also took an interest in Track and Field from an early age and started competing nationally and internationally representing Mexico in sprints, hurdles and high jump events.
In 1997 he became the national Mexican champion in high jump and was selected to compete in the Festival Olimpico Mexicano in which he qualified to represent Mexico at the Central American Games in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
In 2012 he set a Canadian record in 50 metre hurdles where he ran 7.59, breaking the 7.91 Canadian record that was set in 1987 as well as an Ontario record in the 60 metre hurdles category.The same year he won the Canadian Athlete of the Year Award in sprints and hurdles.
On 31 December 2019, Wanda Group announced disagreement with local government upon the ownership of the club since the 2017 season, however the issue was reported solved as of 17 January 2020.
Secondary pre-season training in Marbella, Spain was scheduled to began on 28 January, but the flight departure was unavailable due to heavy fog, and was rearranged on 31 January.
It belongs to the municipality of Zumpango, being located at its southeast end, within the facilities of the Mexico City Santa Lucía Airport.
The 2019 Football Queensland season was the seventh season since NPL Queensland commenced as the top tier of Queensland men’s football.
This season was also the second season of the Football Queensland Premier League which occupied the second tier in Queensland men’s football in 2019.
The NPL Queensland premiers qualified for the National Premier Leagues finals series, competing with the other state federation champions in a final knockout tournament to decide the National Premier Leagues Champion for 2019.
The 2019 Football Queensland Premier League was the second edition of the Football Queensland Premier League and is the second level domestic association football competition in Queensland.
The 2019 Brisbane Premier League was the 37th edition of the Brisbane Premier League which was the third level domestic association football competition in Queensland in 2019.
The 2019 Capital League 1 season was the seventh edition of Capital League 1 which was the fourth level domestic association football competition in Queensland in 2019.
The 2019 Capital League 2 season was the seventh edition of Capital League 2 which was the fifth level domestic association football competition in Queensland in 2019.
The 2019 Capital League 3 season was the seventh edition of Capital League 3 which was the sixth level domestic association football competition in Queensland in 2019.
The 2019 Women's NPL Queensland season was the fifth edition of the Women's NPL Queensland as the top level domestic football of women's competition in Queensland.
It was expanded this season to include four teams from the Gold Coast (Broadbeach United, Robina City, Southport and Coomera) to make up a 12 team competition.
Oğuzhan Çapar (born 8 October 1996) is a Turkish football player who plays as a defender for Kayserispor in the Süper Lig.
On 17 October 2019, Gunji was selected as the 2nd draft pick for the Chunichi Dragons at the 2019 NPB Draft and on 22 November signed a provisional contract with a ¥50,000,000 sign-on bonus and a ¥9,000,000 yearly salary.
Gunji was the opposing catcher at the 2015 Koshien tournament for Sendai Ikuei where future teammate, Tokai Sagami high school ace, Shinnosuke Ogasawara was the winning pitcher.
On January 13, 2020, Paul Kim and Chungha revealed details about the collaboration they have been working on since the end of 2019.
The R&B song was written and composed by Paul Kim and arranged by Joseph K. The lyrics are about the struggles of two people, not being able to express their love for each other.
He studied during the years 1869–1875 at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts with Jan Matejko and Władysław Łuszczkiewicz, among others, and continued his education in Vienna and Munich.
The present church of Santa Cristina and its adjacent monastery were erected at the site of some ruined building and a 10th-century parish church of San Siro.
This marked the eastern limit of Parma, and was the name attached to the gate of the town leading to Reggio.
With the patronage of the Duchess Margherita Aldobrandini, widow of Ranuccio I Farnese, in a bull dated 22 January 1629, the Pope Urban VIII Barberini entrusted the complex to the Theatine order.
In 1649 the Theatines utilized a design which one of its members, Pietro Caracciolo, had developed for the church of San Vincenzo in Piacenza.
The building has three naves divided by pillars with Ionic capitals, with four chapels on each side in front of each of which opens a hemispherical dome.
The interior was frescoed by the figure painter and Theatine Filippo Maria Galletti and quadratura by and other painting by Alessandro Baratta.
In the side walls, on the sides of the windows that illuminate the central nave, are the figures of the apostles and evangelists and below, on the sides of the arches, those of the prophets .
The choir was added to the central door in 1720, with the organ built in 1764 by Antonio Poncini Negri, damaged in the bombings of 1944 and restored in 1983 by the Tamburini company from Asciano.
It was first surveyed and mapped in 1868 by Gerhard von Maydell (1835–1894), a Russian Government officer in East Siberia of Estonian descent.
The Yana Plateau is limited by the Nendelgin Range, part of the Chersky Range to the northeast and by the Verkhoyansk Range to the southwest, connecting both mountain regions.
Together with the Elgin Plateau to the south, it is part of the Yana—Oymyakon Highlands with which it forms a tectonic continuum.
Individual mountain massifs with elevations up to rise above the plateau; the highest point is the highest summit of the Arga-Billyakh Massif, located at between the Adycha and its tributary Borulakh.
Generally rivers flow across the Yana Plateau from the south to the north, including the Yana River with its tributary Adycha and its tributaries Derbeke, Nelgese and Tuostakh, as well as the Sartang, Dulgalakh and Bytantay, among others.
The middle courses of the Derbeke and the Nelgese, tributaries of the Adycha flowing northwards across the Yana Plateau, have swamps and numerous lakes, including Lake Emanda (), the largest lake in the area.
Jiudaru is a village in the Jhalda II CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Jiudaru had a total population of 2,232, of which 1,129 (51%) were males and 1,103 (49%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, history and a general course in arts.
This is a summary of the electoral history of Adam Hamilton, Leader of the National Party (1936–40), and Member of Parliament for (1919–22, 1925-1946).
Gunnar Høverstad (February 13, 1922 – December 3, 1943) was a Norwegian bomber pilot with the rank of lieutenant during the Second World War.
Høverstad was trained to fly in Canada, and he carried out about 30 bombing missions with a Handley Page Halifax bomber over Germany.
Based and incorporated in Stamford, CT, USA, the company was founded in 2017 by award-winning entrepreneur and Columbia University graduate, Lovens Gjed, and targets members of the Haitian Diaspora looking to invest directly in Haiti.
MEnvesti currently only monitors an eponym online crowdfunding platform which connects lenders in the Haitian diaspora to development projects in Haiti.
Lovens Gjed started MEnvesti in 2017 while a junior student at Columbia University School of General Studies as an effort to leverage annual remittance inflows to Haiti.
Remittances in countries like Haiti tend to be more stable than other types of external capital flows, such as private investment or Development aid.
Every year the Haitian diaspora sends more than 3 billions of dollars back to Haiti, accounting for more than 30% of the country’s annual gross domestic product.
Most of the remittances are used by recipients in Haiti to buy imported consumer goods and therefore the money is not being invested back into the country.
MEnvesti's signature crowdfunding model allows any member of the Haitian diaspora to lend as little as $10 to different development projects in Haiti while loan repayments are issued to a family member or friend of the lender’s choice also in Haiti.
Established on 15 June 2009, it was the first disc golf course in Austria and the 3,000th course to be added to the PDGA Course Directory.
William F. Rose (September 16, 1909– May 29, 1972) was an American illustrator and film poster artist active in the 1930s and 1940s.
He is recognized as one of the most distinctive poster artists of the Classical Hollywood era, a time when most film posters featured painted illustrations rather than photography.
He studied at the University of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Institute College of Fine Arts (now called the Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts), receiving his B.A.
Rose was a member of the New York-based professional Society of Illustrators, which featured his artwork in its 1945 and 1946 annual exhibitions.
He produced paperback book cover art for such publishers as Avon, Cardinal Edition, Dell, Permabooks, Pocket Books, Pyramid Books, and Ace Books.
Working in the 1930s and 1940s, he painted most of his posters at the peak of the studio system era of Classical Hollywood cinema.
Rose is considered one of the rare poster artists of the period whose individual style has achieved recognition, alongside others like Al Hirschfeld, Alberto Vargas, and Reynold Brown.
Rose became a pioneer of noir's visual conventions in his illustrations for Hollywood film noir posters, as well as cover art for literary works of noir fiction.
Critics have observed that Rose was sometimes inclined to illustrate in a style directly contrary to the film's actual genre or themes, a method that resulted in bold, memorable imagery.
Rose died at age 62 in New York City on May 29, 1972, survived by his sister, his daughters, and a grandchild.
While he was known to have contributed poster art to Paramount Pictures, none of his illustrations for the studio have been attributed.
His family moved to Durban, South Africa in 1900, completing his education and serving as an architectural apprentice at a local firm between 1915 and 1921.
Returning to Durban shortly thereafter, he lived and worked as both an artist and architect until his death from pneumonia at the age of 33 on 30 April 1930.
On his return to Durban, between 1925 and 1930 he rose to prominence, becoming Vice-President of the Natal Society of Arts (NSA).
Cunningham's research interests include biophotonics, bionanophotonics, micro/nanofabrication processes & materials, Bio-MEMS, lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics, biosensing, and applications in drug discovery, health diagnostics, mobile point-of-use detection systems, life science research, environmental monitoring, animal health, and food safety.
Cunningham is most known for his invention and application of nanostructured photonic surfaces that efficiently couple electromagnetic energy into biological analytes, enabling high signal-to-noise sensing of materials that include small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, virus particles, cells, and tissues.
Cunningham is a Fellow of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, National Academy of Inventors, The Optical Society, and American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.
His work has been recognized through the IEEE Sensors Council Technical Achievement Award (2010) the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) Technical Achievement Award (2014), and the IEEE Sensors Council Distinguished Lectureship (2013), and the IEEE Photonics Society Distinguished Lectureship (2018-2019).
From 1990-1991, he was a postdoctorate scientist at Sandia National Laboratory in the compound semiconductor research group, where he contributed to the development of epitaxial crystal growth methods for InAsSb strained layer superlattices for infrared photodiode sensor applications.
Cunningham worked at the Research Division of Raytheon from 1991 to 1995, where he was the Group Leader for Infrared Sensors Fabrication.
In 1995, he joined Micromachined Sensors Group at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory as a senior member of the technical staff, where he later served in management roles that included Group Leader for MEMS Sensors, and Technical Director for Bioengineering Programs.
In June 2000 founded SRU Biosystems, a company that commercialized Photonic Crystal (PC) biosensors, detection instruments, and assays for applications in drug discovery and diagnostics.
Cunningham joined the faculty of the ECE Department at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2004 as an Associate Professor, where he established the Nanosensors Group at the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MNTL).
At Illinois, Cunningham served as the Director of the NSF-funded Center for Innovative Instrumentation Technology (CiiT), and served among the initial faculty to join the newly-formed Bioengineering Department, where he was the founding Director of the Bioengineering Graduate Program.
In addition to leading his own research group, Cunningham serves as the PI of the Omics Nanotechnology for Cancer Precision Medicine (ONC-PM) Theme at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), where he leads a team for the development of liquid biopsy approaches to cancer diagnostics in collaboration with clinicians at Mayo Clinic.
In the late 1980's, Cunningham became the first researcher to demonstrate heavy p-type doping in a compound semiconductor (GaAs and InGaAs) using carbon impurities, including the first to utilize MOCVD epitaxial growth and a carbon halide gas source.
Cunningham was also the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of dielectric-based optically resonant surfaces for enhancement of fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman reporters, particularly through intentional design of multiple resonances into the same structure for simultaneously enhancing the excitation of optical reporters and the extraction of photons.
He was the first to demonstrate the use of photonic crystal optical resonators for label-free detection of small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, and cells, including the development of the first roll-to-roll manufacturing process for any optical biosensor, the first optical biosensor microplates, and a family of high throughput detection instruments for high throughput drug screening and diagnostics.
This paper represented the first publication for the application of photonic crystal biosensors in microplate format for pharmaceutical discovery applications that showed the first methods for detecting small molecule binding to proteins, cell interactions with drugs, and screening modulators for protein interactions.
He was the first to demonstrate the combined effects of enhanced excitation and enhanced directional extraction from photon emitters (quantum dots, fluorophores, SERS tags) on a photonic crystal surface.
Cunningham's work on photonic crystal microscopy in the early 2010s demonstrated a new form of microscopy that utilizes a photonic crystal slab as the surface, and applied it for the first time for label-free kinetic imaging of live cells, and high signal-noise detection of dielectric or metallic nanoparticles.
In 2013, he wrote the paper, 'Label-free biodetection using a smartphone'.This paper represented the first instance of adapting a smartphone camera to function as a spectrometer for measuring a biological assay.
Using a novel concept for coupling electromagnetic energy from the macro scale into plasmonic nanoantennas, the Cunningham group was the first to report a new form of biosensor microscopy (Photonic Resonator Absorption Microscopy) and couple it to novel biochemistry approaches for ultrasensitive, single-step, amplification-free detection of proteins or nucleic acid targets with a simple/inexpensive instrument.
The 2016 Cyrus the Great Revolt were Iranian protests that took place at the Tomb of Cyrus the Great on Cyrus the Great Day.
The protests took place on Cyrus the Great Day at the tomb of Cyrus the Great as a celebration of Persia’s pre-Islamic history.
The Iranian government responded by jailing the event organizers and protesters as well as banning Cyrus the Great Day celebrations in subsequent years.
The protests were caused by pre-Islamic Nationalism and admiration for the fallen monarchy that previously ruled Iran and discontent for Iran's Islamic rule.
Many chants praised the former Pahlavi dynasty with many protesting in support of Iran's past monarchy that was overthrown by the 1979 Revolution.
Iranians have been banned from celebrating Cyrus the Great Day at Pasargadae, the site of Cyrus the Great’s tomb, despite thousands of Iranians returning in following years.
In years after the 2016 event crowds of Iranians have attempted to go back to rally at the tomb for Cyrus the Great Day, however state police and Iran's Revolutionary guard blocked all paths to the ancient tomb.
Riddick Bowe had lost his previous fight on November 6, 1993 to Evander Holyfield for the WBA and IBF heavyweight titles.
With his one-year reign as champion over, Bowe's first comeback fight was announced the following month to take place on February 5, 1994 against Francois Botha.
However, only a month later, Bowe, while training for the fight, suffered a cut above his left eye that required 10 stitches leading to the bout to be officially cancelled.
Instead, it was announced that Bowe would meet undefeated prospect Buster Mathis, Jr. on June 11, however this fight was also cancelled when Bowe suffered a back injury.
A July 15 date was then announced for the Bowe–Mathis fight, however for the third time in the year, Bowe had to again cancel a fight as he was still suffering from back issues.
The fight was finally confirmed for August 13 after medication and working with fitness guru Mackie Shilstone helped Bowe recover from his injury.
With around a minute left in the round, Bowe hurt Mathis with a series of power punches, causing Mathis to take a knee in order to take a break.
However, just after Mathis took the knee, Bowe landed a strong right hook that briefly knocked Mathis unconscious, feeling that Mathis was in no shape to continue after the foul, referee Arthur Mercante Sr. immediately stopped the fight, though no decision was announced.
Mercante and New Jersey State Athletic Control Board head Larry Hazzard would then have discussion in regards to whether the decision should be a disqualification victory for Mathis, a knockout victory for Bowe, if they should go to the judges scorecards and award whomever was ahead a victory by technical decision or declare the fight either a technical draw or no contest.
Bowe apologized for the foul stating that he could not tell that Mathis, who used a crouching stance and was five inches shorter than Bowe, had taken a knee.
The 4th Wish Music Awards ceremony was held on January 15 2019, at Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, Metro Manila.
Now in its fourth year, the highly anticipated Wish 107.5 Music Awards continues its annual tradition of celebrating and showcasing the best acts, songs and Wishclusive performances in the Philippines.
More than 80 artists whose songs have been released and made to Wishclusives from 1 November 2017 to 31 October 2018 are nominated in the 4th WMA's 18 categories.
The inclusion of two new categories— Wishclusive Hip-hop Performance of the Year and Wish Hip-hop Song of the Year — make this edition's nominee list more diverse than the previous WMA's with a wide array of nominees.
Every year, the Wish 107.5 Music Awards honors artists whose Wishclusive performances have fared well in the music community through the Wishclusive Elite Circle Award..
In addition, Morissette was awarded the Wisher's Choice Award for earning the highest number of cumulative votes from the online platforms of WMA.
Antonio Trivulzio (died 1519) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Como (1518–1519), Bishop of Piacenza (1508–1509), Bishop of Asti (1499–1508 and 1509–1518).
Colonia Santa Lucía is a town in the state of Mexico, located east of the municipality of Zumpango near the Mexico City Santa Lucía Airport.
Grant W. Johnson (August 30, 1903 – June 7, 1965) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the Essex district from 1952 to 1965.
The film is produced by Bhushan Kumar, Akshay Kumar and Vikram Malhotra under T-Series, Cape of Good Films and Abundantia Entertainment.
The official announcement for the film was made on 30 November 2019, and shooting commenced on 23 January 2020 in Madhya Pradesh.
Dean Oliver Aldridge (born 29 July, 1994) is an Australian professional baseball pitcher for the Sydney Blue Sox of the Australian Baseball League.
He was signed as a non drafted free agent by the Detroit Tigers on 29 May 2012 and played in the Tigers farm system until he was released following the 2017 season.
In March 2018, he was signed as a free agent by the Minnesota Twins, and was assigned to extended spring training before being released at the end of the season.
The Northeast China Plain deciduous forests ecoregion (WWF ID:PA0430) covers the flat interior Northeast China Plain, in the region historically known as Manchuria.
The Northeast China Plain is the largest single plain in China, bordered by the Changbai Mountains on the border with North Korea to the east, and the Greater Khingan and Lesser Khingan mountains to the north.
This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials and a hot summer (at least one month averaging over ), and cold winters having monthly precipitation less than one-tenth of the wettest summer month.
The floodplain at the mouth of the Liao River is a large wetland that supports waterfowl, including the endangered Manchurian crane (Red-crowned crane).
For Army's third season of ice hockey, the program played a majority of games against other colleges for the first time.
It is located just west of Saint Marys on the northeastern corner of Grand Lake at the intersection of Ohio State Route 703 (Celina Road) and Ohio State Route 364 (Park Road), at .
He is the founder of DeadlyScience, an initiative that provides science books and early reading material to remote schools in Australia.
Originally working two jobs to fund DeadlyScience he set up a go fund me that attracted over $50,000 in donations, after realising that there was a school in remote Australia who had only fifteen books in their library.
As well as receiving book donations from high-profile scientists such as Professor Brian Cox and Dr Karl Kruszelnicki, as of 2020, Tutt raised more than $50,000 to purchase books and equipment, and distributed more than 7,000 books and 200 telescopes and various other scientific resources.
In 2020, DeadlyScience began assisting with rebuilding schools affected by devastating bush fires which ravaged most of the South Coast of New South Wales.
The club qualified for the finals for the first time in their history, falling one game short of the Grand Final.
Key signings for the club included Welsh international Neil Budworth, former Queensland representative Josh Hannay and North Sydney Bears New South Wales Cup utility Justin Hunt.
The club enjoyed their best season to date in 2010, winning 11 games in the regular season and finishing in sixth place, qualifying for the finals for the first time.
In their first finals game, the Cutters upset the Sunshine Coast Sea Eagles 14–4 before losing to the Norths Devils 12–56 in the preliminary final.
Prop Liam McDonald, a new recruit from Souths Logan, was named the club's Player of the Year, while North Queensland Cowboys contracted centre Donald Malone was selected for the Queensland Residents side.
The following players contracted to the North Queensland Cowboys played for the Cutters in 2010: Mitchell Achurch, Isaak Ah Mau, Leeson Ah Mau, Shannon Gallant, Obe Geia, Ben Harris, Antonio Kaufusi, Donald Malone, Grant Rovelli and Arana Taumata.
Wade Dutton (born 23 September, 1986) is an Australian professional baseball utility for the Brisbane Bandits of the Australian Baseball League.
Dutton played alongside his brother Brad Dutton in the Queensland Rams, debuting in the 2008 Claxton Shield before the inaugural Australian Baseball League season when they began playing for the Brisbane Bandits.
Following the 2011–12 season, he was left off the roster, but continued playing in the Greater Brisbane League for Redcliffe Padres & Ipswich Musketeers.
Michał Olszewski ( also Ališauskis, Alšauskis, Olšauskis; ) was a Roman Catholic priest and a member of the Canons Regular of the Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
He was likely born around 1712 in the district of Raseiniai and joined the Canons Regular of the Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs, an Augustinian order, as a young man.
Overall, the text promotes asceticism – earthly desires are sinful and life is but a short period to prepare for the eternal life.
People, both dead and alive, are as real as devils and angels and can interact with each other and visit earth, heaven, and hell.
It is an example of Baroque literature and as such features complex style (extensive use of various figures of speech, including comparisons, contrasts, antithesis, metaphors, hyperboles, paradoxs, etc.).
The language blends Lithuanian with numerous Latin quotes from the Bible (which are then paraphrased in Lithuanian) and numerous loanwords and barbarisms mainly from Polish, but also other Slavic languages and German.
Such macaronic language was likely impressive and astonishing to the poorly educated average reader, and was common in other Baroque literature.
About half of the lexicon are loanwords and barbarisms, or about 27% if disregarding Latin words and loanwords that are still widely used in standard Lithuanian.
In total, seventeen editions are known from 1753, 1759, 1764, 1766, 1777, 1779, 1785, 1789, 1793, 1795, 1799, 1806, 1811, 1824, 1846, 1847, and 1851.
Zigmas Zinkevičius cited it as the best example of the decline of the printed Lithuanian under the pressure of Polonization in the 18th century.
Researcher Mikas Vaicekauskas proposed to reconsider the book as a valuable example of late Baroque literature which reflected worldview, culture, and language of the era.
Each day has three texts – about the Bible, Mary, mother of Jesus, and various saints with scenes and examples from their lives.
It is a 16-page (octavo) booklet in honor of Aleksander Andrzej Rymowicz (Aleksandras Andrius Rymavičius) who became the new superior of the Canons Regular of the Penitence and who supported Olszewski's works and helped with their publication.
The book was commissioned by Philip VI of Valois and his wife, Blanche de Navarre, for Jeanne de Navarre, Queen of Navarre.
Senthamarai was an Indian film and stage actor who dominated the industry in the role of villain in the 1980s Tamil cinema.
Having gained accomplishment in her painting career, Dargahi has held a number of individual exhibitions while taking part actively in several group ones both in Iran and abroad.
While a painter and an actor, she was the producer of the music video Parde-ye Ākhar (The Last Act) by Reza Kianian as well as one of Arian Keshishi’s concerts.
Dargahi has held three individual exhibitions of her works at the Niavaran Palace Complex and Seyhoun Gallery and Farmanieh Galleries, all in Tehran.
She has also taken part in three group exhibitions at the Museum of Fine Arts of the Sa’dabad Palace Complex, Kamal-ol-Molk Gallery, and Jam Art Gallery in Dubai.
Two games to be played in New York City were announced for the Christmas break but as it turned out the matches were never arranged.
The college newspaper laid the blame at the feet of team manager Benjamin Sharpe who responded with a defense that no such announcement had been made.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
In addition to designing typefaces himself, he has worked as a type director and typographic consultant to Letraset and the International Typeface Corporation (ITC), selecting and overseeing other designers' typefaces.
He began his career as a press photographer on Fleet Street in London, and in 1963 joined the type design studio Letraset as a photographic technician.
While working at Letraset, he developed an interest in typography and began to design his own typefaces, despite having no formal training.
He produced numerous typefaces for Letraset's dry transfer range beginning in the 1960s, including Aachen (1969), Premier Shaded (1970), Harlow (1977) and Superstar (1977).
He later designed Italia (1977), Romic (1979), Corinthian (1981) and Edwardian (1983), which were designed for use in text rather than display, in contrast to his earlier work.
In 1980, Brignall became type director at Letraset, a role in which he was responsible for the selection and art direction of all new typefaces released by Letraset.
He left Letraset in 1995 and was appointed a typographic consultant to the International Typeface Corporation (ITC) in 1996, scouting new typefaces and designers.
At ITC, he collaborated with other designers on several historical typeface revivals, including ITC Rennie Mackintosh, ITC Golden Cockerel and ITC Founder's Caslon.
The Type Directors Club awarded Brignall their TDC Medal in 2000, largely for his work in sourcing, directing and encourage the work of other type designers.
John P. Carlin is an American attorney and government official who served as United States Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division from April 2014 to October 15, 2016.
Carlin formerly served as Chief of Staff to Robert Mueller during his time as Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Carlin chairs the Aspen Institute’s Cybersecurity and Technology policy program, and was a Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
Unfold is an album by Australian improvised music trio The Necks first released on the Ideologic Organ label in 2017 as a double LP and download.
It’s a surprisingly indeterminate decision for a group whose output has always felt, no matter how improvisational it was, meticulous, even hermetic.
As ever with the Australians, the musicianship is never short of wondrous, and they’ve used the new format to take their music into esoteric and mysterious realms.
American Dirt is a 2020 novel by American author Jeanine Cummins, about the ordeal of a Mexican woman who had to leave behind her life and escape as an undocumented immigrant to the United States with her son.
Forced to flee Mexico, Lydia and Luca became two of the countless undocumented immigrants from Latin America who are forced to embark on a dangerous journey to the United States.
He is best known for his work in organizing anti-Marcos campaigns during the first quarter storm and the early days of Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos.
He was killed for the anti-Marcos cause while doing community work among the indigenous Tingguian people of Sallapadan, Abra in 1974, and was honored in 2001 by having his name inscribed on the Wall of the Remembrance at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Monument of Heroes), which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought the dictatorship.
Palabay was born in San Fernando, La Union - the eighth of nine children of Francisco F. Palabay and Felicidad F. Ducusin.
La Union is a predominantly Ilocano province, so the Palabay siblings grew up in a community with strong ethnic and regionalistic loyalties to Ferdinand Marcos, whose home province of Ilocos Norte is also part of the Ilocos region.
He took his elementary school studies at the San Fernando Community School in his home city, and then went to high school at the La Union High School (now the La Union National High School, LUNHS).
Through occasional news reports, he and his elder brother Romulo began becoming aware of the abuses of the Marcos regime, which led to them having regular discussions at their house with friends after school.
Palabay became more involved in political activism when he was accepted into the Bachelor of Science degree program in Economics at the University of the Philippines Diliman.
He was particularly keen on activist drama - helping to organize and present street plays, leading in the singing of protest songs and the recitation of poetry in an effort to build awareness of the injustices inherent to Philippine society under the Marcos regime.
After the political turbulence of 1970 and 1971 - which saw the FQS Protests, the Diliman Commune, the Plaza Miranda Bombing and the suspension of the writ - the Palabay Brothers decided to take a break from their studies and go back home to San Fernando.
There they enrolled in a local college where they continued efforts to build awareness of the abuses of the Marcos dictatorship.
The Palabay brothers were in La Union when Ferdinand Marcos announced on February 23, 1972 that he had placed the Philippines under Martial Law.
Soon after the announcement of Martial Law, Armando and Romulo Palabay were both picked up by Marcos forces, and detained for half a year at Camp Olivas in Pampanga where they were both subjected to torture.
He left the campus, and began to do countryside organizing among the indigenous Itneg and Tinggian peoples of southern Abra province.
Palabay learned the Tinggian language and studied herbal medicine and acupuncture so that he would be able to offer services to the community.
Earning a reputation for his sense of humor, he also began learning about farming in an effort to better understand the daily difficulties faced by peasant farmers.
A year after Palabay began living among the Tinggians, he and a group of fellow activists had an encounter with the paramilitary troops called the Civilian Home Defense Forces.
In 2001, Palabay was honored by having his name engraved on the wall of remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors martyrs and heroes from all political leanings and walks of life, as long as they fought against the Marcos dictatorship.
He was honored that year alongside activists Manuel Bautista, Jennifer Cariño, and Jessica Sales, as well as businessman Jaime V. Ongpin, and historian Renato Constantino.
The M10 Monochrom uses a full frame 40 Megapixels CMOS sensor that allows no color filter arrays to enter the sensor.
The Leica M10 Monochrom is physically similar to the Leica M10 and Leica M10-P with a dedicated ISO dial on the top plate.
The camera is made of all-metal die cast magnesium body, wrapped in synthetic leather covering, and brass top panel and base, with black chrome plated finish.
After getting to know people like Yuriko Miyamoto, Shigeji Tsuboi, and Sakae Tsuboi in 1946, Kushida joined the Women's Democratic Club and became their first Secretary General.
In 2000, Kushida led a march in Ginza protesting an agreement to increase military ties between Japan and the United States.
Livre des merveilles et autres récits de voyages et de textes sur l’Orient is an illuminated manuscript made in France around 1410–1412.
It is a collection of several texts describing voyages to Asia, including texts by Marco Polo, John Mandeville, Odorico da Pordonone, and others.
The manuscript was given as a gift to Jean, Duke de Berry (1340–1416) by his nephew Jean sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy (1371–1419).
Alyson Gabbard Wilson (born 1967) is an American statistician known for her work on Bayesian methods for reliability estimation and on military applications of statistics.
She is a professor of statistics at North Carolina State University, where she is also Associate Vice Chancellor for National Security and Special Research Initiatives.
After earning a master's degree in statistics from Carnegie Mellon University in 1990, she completed a Ph.D. at Duke University in 1995.
After completing her doctorate, Wilson worked in the defense industry as a statistician for four years before joining the research staff at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1999, working on the statistical reliability of weapons.
She moved to Iowa State University as an associate professor of statistics in 2008, and then moved again to the Institute for Defense Analyses in 2011.
She returned to academia as an associate professor at North Carolina State University in 2011, and was promoted to full professor in 2015.
Wilson became a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2008, an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute in 2012, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015.
In 2018 she won the Distinguished Achievement Award of the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics in Defense and National Security.
In the ensuing four decades, more than 50 such newspapers sprang up, addressing the manifold challenges facing the African American community during and after Reconstruction.
The composer Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826) lived here during part of his career; the house is now a museum about his life and work.
It was rented by Weber from Gottfried Felsner; during the summer months from 1818 to 1819, and 1822 to 1824, the composer and his family lived here.
He regarded his times here as the happiest of his life; he liked to take walks in the , a rural area nearby.
After the death of the composer's great-granddaughter Mathilde von Weber in 1956, who made her estate available, rooms of the building were opened to the public in 1957 with an exhibition.
Toth v. Quarles, 350 US 11 (1955), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that expanded the rights of citizens to civilian trials, holding that an ex-serviceman cannot be court-martialed for crimes alleged during his military service.
The United States Air Force alleged that the petitioner, Robert W. Toth, committed a murder while he was on active duty in Korea.
They argued that while they knew about the murder while Toth was in the armed forces, they didn't know the identity of the man who did it so Toth was honorably discharged.
Donald A. Quarles, at the time the Secretary of the Air Force, argued that as the crimes occurred during Toth's military service, the military could constitutionally try him.
The case mostly dealt with the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), a 1950 law passed by the 81st United States Congress and signed by President Harry S. Truman, and whether or not certain provisions of it were constitutional; that is to say, whether or not Congress could deprive ex-service members of their Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights.
Justice Stanley F. Reed on the other hand, argued that the solution to the question should have come from Congress amending the UCMJ and not via a Court order.
Despite having been translated by three American women, Emily Assami, Mary Kennedy, and Amatullah Bantley it has also been used by Islam’s most conservative adherents.
It will accompany Indian astronauts in space missions and will also be a part of uncrewed experimental Gaganyaan missions prior to the manned spaceflight missions.
Instead, it will fly humanoid robots for a better understanding of what weightlessness and radiation do to the human body during long durations in space.
Technically, it can perform environment control and life support systems functions, handle switch panel operations, and give environmental air pressure change warnings.
Under her leadership, the event has developed a sustainable approach to fashion; in 2019 the event banned the use of leather in garments shown during the week.
The routes they took, among others are between Seram and Ambon-Lease, Geser island and Seram Laut, within Banda and Kei group of islands.
In the present however, it is not considered appropriate to sail or paddle for long distances using them, and motorized lepa-lepa are more often used.
The Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos made a visit to Turkey in 2011 while Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited Colombia on 10 February 2015.
Martí Cifuentes Corvillo (born 7 July 1982) is a Spanish football coach who is currently head coach at Eliteserien club Sandefjord.
He began his managerial career in Segunda División B club UE Sant Andreu in 2014, He went on to fellow Segunda División B club CE L'Hospitalet ahead of the 2015–16 season.
On 31 May 2018, Cifuentes was announced as Sandefjord's new head coach on a contract that will keep him at the club till the end of the 2020 season.
He took over mid-season a team that had gained only five points in their first 12 games in the 2019 season.
The results improved during the rest of the season, but Sandefjord was relegated on 11 November with one game to spare although they lost only six of 18 games after Cifuentes appeared.
In the following 2020 season, Cifuentes' first full season in charge, Sandefjord finished the 2019 1. divisjon in second place and were promoted back to Eliteserien.
If I were God (original title: Vore jag Gud or Om jag vore gud) is a poem written by Astrid Lindgren.
In the poem, Astrid Lindgren writes that if she were God, she would weep over the human beings, about their cruelty, despair, fear, torment, etc.
In particular, she would weep for the children, since she never wanted things to be for them like they are now.
She would cry floods of tears in which all her poor humans could drown, because then it would finally be quiet.
When she heard about the bad things that humans were doing, it was difficult for her to believe in the good in them.
She also described the tragic fate of refugee children in Sweden who were exposed to the hatred of the population and were not wanted in Sweden.
They were deported back to their home countries with their families, even though they were only looking for a safe home.
Among other things, she wrote to politicians such as Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev and campaigned for peace in war countries or contributed the foreword to the book Jag drömmer om Fred (1994), published by UNICEF, in which painted pictures of refugee children were published.
Margareta Strömstedt adds that the despair about the state of the world sometimes made Astrid Lindgren loose hope and cost her sleepless nights.
Birgit Dankert writes that the poem proves that both Astrid Lindgren's childhood and her melancholy can be seen as the part where her creativity comes from.
Lindgren explained that the adult in her knew that God or paradise did not exist, at the same time the child in her would not accept this knowledge.
According to Diersch, Jahn and Schaak next to the evil deeds of human beings also the good characteristics of humans were mentioned.
The suffering in the world finally becomes immeasurable when the author thinks about the children and their suffering caused by adults.
He won the Montabaur Challenger tournament in 1989 and qualified for the main draw of two ATP Tour events, the German Open and at Buzios, both in 1992.
Kotshila Junction railway station is a railway station of Adra railway division of the South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.
The major facilities available at Kotshila Junction station are waiting rooms, computerised reservation facility, drinking water, reservation counter and vehicle parking.
Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War refers to military involvement of the Syrian Arab Army and other military and intelligence structures of the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic in the Lebanese Civil War.
The involvement initiated in 1976, one year after the breakout of the Lebanese War, as Syrian military began supporting Maronite militias against the Palestinian Liberation Organization and leftist militias.
On 22 January 1976, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad brokered a truce between the two sides, while covertly beginning to move Syrian troops into Lebanon under the guise of the Palestine Liberation Army in order to bring the PLO back under Syrian influence and prevent the disintegration of Lebanon.
Days later, Assad sent a message to the United States asking them not to interfere if he were to send troops into Lebanon.
On 8 May 1976, Elias Sarkis, who was supported by Syria, defeated Frangieh in a presidential election held by the Lebanese Parliament.
This technically put Syria on the same side as Israel, as Israel had already begun to supply Maronite forces with arms, tanks, and military advisers in May 1976.
On 19 October 1976, the Battle of Aishiya took place, when a combined force of PLO and a Communist militia attacked Aishiya, an isolated Maronite village in a mostly Muslim area.
The Artillery Corps of the Israel Defense Forces fired 24 shells (66 kilograms of TNT each) from US-made 175-millimeter field artillery units at the attackers, repelling their first attempt.
This gave Syria a mandate to keep 40,000 troops in Lebanon as the bulk of an Arab Deterrent Force charged with disentangling the combatants and restoring calm.
Other Arab nations were also part of the ADF, but they lost interest relatively soon, and Syria was again left in sole control, now with the ADF as a diplomatic shield against international criticism.
The Civil War was officially paused at this point, and an uneasy quiet settled over Beirut and most of the rest of Lebanon.
In the south, however, the climate began to deteriorate as a consequence of the gradual return of PLO combatants, who had been required to vacate central Lebanon under the terms of the Riyadh Accords.
It was fought between the allied Christian Lebanese Front militias, under the command of the Kataeb Party's President Bachir Gemayel, and the Syrian troops of the Arab Deterrent Force (ADF).
The opposing key players were on the one side, the Lebanese Forces or LF (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية) aided by Zahlawi townspeople, and on the other side, the Syrian Armed Forces, then part of the peace-keeping Arab Deterrent Force or ADF (Arabic: قوات الردع العربية), aided by some Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) factions.
Given Zahle's close proximity to the Bekaa Valley, the Syrian Armed Forces feared a potential alliance between Israel and the LF in Zahle.
This potential alliance would not only threaten the Syrian military presence in the Bekaa valley, but was regarded as a national security threat from the Syrians' point of view, given the close proximity between Zahle and the Beirut-Damascus highway.
Consequently, as a clamp-down strategy, the Syrian forces controlled the major roads leading in and out of the city and fortified the entire Valley.
From April to June 1981, throughout the four-month period, a handful of LF members, aided by Zahlawi Local Resistance, confronted the Syrian war machine and defended the city from Syrian intrusion and potential invasion.
In the Battle of Jezzine, Israeli forces consisting of two tank battalions supported by a reconnaissance company and engineering platoon took Jezzine in a fierce daylong battle against a Syrian battalion, then repulsed a fierce counterattack by dozens of Syrian commandos during the night in combat that lasted until dawn.
In an effort to establish air superiority and greater freedom of action, the Israeli Air Force launched Operation Mole Cricket 19 on 9 June.
During the course of the operation, the Israeli Air Force scored a dramatic victory over the Syrians, shooting down 29 Syrian planes and also destroying 17 Syrian anti-aircraft missile batteries, employing electronic warfare methods to confuse and jam the Syrian radars.
Later that night, an Israeli air attack destroyed a Syrian armored brigade moving south from Baalbek, and the IAF attacked and destroyed six more Syrian SAM batteries the following day.
In the center, Israeli forces were ambushed by the Syrians as they approached Ain Zhalta, and were pinned down by Syrian forces firing from superior positions.
After Ain Zhalta fell, the Israelis advanced to the town of Ain Dara, which overlooked the Beirut-Damascus highway, and captured the heights overlooking the town.
Along the road to Ain Dara, the Israelis encountered Syrian tank and commando units, and found themselves bogged down as the Syrians took advantage of the terrain.
The Israelis called in air support, and Israeli attack helicopters that took advantage of ravines to fly in low beneath their targets to gain an element of surprise proved particularly effective against Syrian tanks.
Syrian infantrymen armed with anti-tank weapons staged ambushes against Israeli tanks, and Syrian Gazelle helicopters armed with HOT missiles proved effective against Israeli armor.
An Israeli armored battalion then probed past Joub Jannine to the town of Sultan Yacoub, and was ambushed by Syrian forces lying in wait.
In the Battle of Sultan Yacoub, the Israelis fought fiercely to extricate themselves, and called in reinforcements and artillery fire to cover the withdrawal.
In addition, another major air battle erupted in which the Israeli Air Force shot down 25 Syrian jets and 4 helicopters.
To the west, as IDF troops mopped up remaining resistance in Tyre and Sidon, the Israeli advance on Beirut continued, and Syrian tank and commando units were then deployed south of Beirut to reinforce the PLO.
When the Israelis reached the Beirut suburb of Kafr Sill, they met a joint Syrian-PLO force for the first time, and fought a difficult battle to take it.
On 11 June 1982, Israel and Syria announced that they had agreed to a cease-fire at noon, which would not include the PLO.
Just before the cease-fire was to take effect, the Syrians moved a column of T-72 tanks so as to position it against Israeli forces in the valley.
As the Israeli advance halted, the Israelis turned their attention to the zone they already occupied in southern Lebanon, and began a policy to root out any PLO remnants.
On 13 June, less than twelve hours after the Israeli-PLO ceasefire had gone into effect, it fell apart, and heavy fighting erupted around Khalde.
As the fighting raged, an IDF armored unit struck northeast, attempting to bypass Khalde and advance on Baabda, which overlooked the airport and could be used as another staging point to cut the Beirut-Damascus highway.
Syrian units in Beirut and three commando battalions armed with anti-tank weaponry took up defensive positions southwest of the airport to block any Israeli attempt to capture it.
The Israelis attempted to flank these defenses by moving off the road past Shuweifat, up a narrow, steep, and winding road towards Baabda, but were ambushed by a Syrian commando battalion.
The Israelis advanced relentlessly, and after fourteen hours of fierce combat that raged up through Ain Aanoub and Souq el-Gharb, they broke through the Syrian positions and entered Baabda.
On 15 June, Israel offered free passage to all Syrian forces in Beirut if they would withdraw from the city to the Bekaa Valley in the east, but the Syrian government refused and sent further reinforcements to its units along the highway and north of the highway near Beirut.
However, between 16 June and 22 June, the fighting was limited to artillery duels and minor firefights between Israeli and Syrian forces, as both sides reinforced their troops.
On 13 October 1990, Syria launched a major operation involving its army, air force (for the first time since Zahle's siege in 1981) and Lebanese allies (mainly the Lebanese Army led by General Émile Lahoud) against Aoun's stronghold around the presidential palace, where hundreds of Aoun supporters were killed.
William Harris claims that the Syrian operation could not take place until Syria had reached an agreement with the United States, that in exchange for support against the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein in the Gulf War, it would convince Israel not to attack Syrian aircraft approaching Beirut.
On 22 January 1976, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad brokered a truce between the two sides, while covertly beginning to move Syrian troops into Lebanon under the guise of the Palestine Liberation Army in order to bring the PLO back under Syrian influence and prevent the disintegration of Lebanon.
The largest concentration was in the Bekaa Valley where the 1st Armoured Division consisting of the 58th Mechanised and the 76th and 91st Armoured Brigades.
The show was started by journalist Tanja Devčić and astronomer Ante Radonić, head of the planetarium at the Technical Museum in Zagreb.
It has been broadcast since 1997 on the second program of Croatian Radio, every Tuesday from 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm.
Over the years, the show has hosted numerous scientists such as Charles Duke and Mike Vucelić who participated in the Apollo project, while the most frequent guest is astronomer Korado Korlević.
At the end of August 2012, it was announced that the show was being canceled, or that the concept and the name itself were changing.
Chen Junwu (; born March 17, 1927) is a Chinese engineer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
Kiratha Arjuna (also known as Oorvasi Saahasam) is a 1940 Indian Tamil-language Hindu mythological film directed by G. Rameshwaran and Murugadasa, and produced by Venus Pictures.
Based on the war between the Pandava prince Arjuna and the god Shiva, the film stars M. R. Krishnamurthi, Thirukharaivaasal Subbulakshmi, Bhavani K. Sambamurthi and T. M. Ramasami Pillai.
Earnshaw has also competed at the Southeast Asian Games, winning at least a gold medal in double trap in the 1995 edition.
Teams made up of athletes representing different National Olympic Committees (NOCs), called mixed-NOCs teams, participated in the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.
When a mixed-NOCs team won a medal, the Olympic flag was raised rather than a national flag; if a mixed-NOCs team won gold, the Olympic anthem would be played instead of national anthems.
The teams will be selected by the organizing committee based on the final ranking from the mixed team competition in a way that balances out the teams.
Wes Hilliard (born October 12, 1973) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 22nd district from 2004 to 2012.
The Cutters entered the 2011 season with a new head coach after Paul Bramley, who led the club to their first finals series in 2010, left the club to join the Burleigh Bears.
Seibold was an assistant at the Celtic Crusaders from 2006 to 2009 and head coach of the South Wales Scorpions, helping them gain promotion in 2010.
The club's biggest recruit for the season was former New Zealand Warriors and North Queensland Cowboys halfback Grant Rovelli, who was named captain of the side.
The Cutters endured a horror injury run in 2011, having to use 43 different players during the season, and finished ninth on the ladder.
Lewis Balcomb, a new recruit from Souths Logan, was named the club's Player of the Year, while Rovelli was selected for the Queensland Residents side.
The following players contracted to the North Queensland Cowboys played for the Cutters in 2011: Isaak Ah Mau, Leeson Ah Mau, Clint Amos, Sam Foster, Shannon Gallant, Dane Hogan, Ben Jones, Tyson Martin, Dylan Smith and Will Tupou.
Swedish Army Fortifications Corps (, FortK) was an administrative corps of the Swedish Army from 1937 to 1962 when it became part of the Defence Staff.
The corps constituted of an administrative corps belonging to the Swedish Army with the task of providing the Swedish Armed Forces with specially trained personnel for building and property management service.
The African slave trade from the Spanish colonies that later formed the Spanish Guinea (Elobey, Annobón and Corisco, Fernando Poo and Río Muni) to the territories of the Province of Venezuela, caused that part of the Afro-Venezuelans have an ethnic component of Equatorial Guinean origin (not quantified).
In 1967, the Austro-Czech caver, Hellmuth Straka, baptized the Caracas Cave, located in the Kié-Ntem province, in honor of the Venezuelan capital.
Diplomatic relations between Equatorial Guinea and Venezuela were established on 7 May 1981 at the level of consulates and charge d'affaires.
In 2006, the Venezuelan government raised the embassy level of its diplomatic mission in Malabo, the Equatorial Guinean capital; for its part, the Government of Equatorial Guinea opened its embassy in Caracas in 2010.
Mari Raamot (birth name Mari Tamm; August 6, 1872 in Kiltsi, Tarvastu, Viljandimaa – March 12, 1966 in New York City) was an Estonian socialist, homemaker, and founder of the Estonian women's national defense movement.
During her teenage years she studied home economics at the Lilli Suburg Girls' School in Viljandi, then at Königsberg, and later at Kiel and Leipzig, and worked as a home teacher in St. Petersburg.
Later, she was a member of the Estonian Red Cross General Government and the head of the fundraising department, one of the founders and chairman of the Young Women Christian Association, the founders and chairwoman of the Women's Home Guard 1927–1936, and one of the founders of the Housewives Movement.
Dr. Vogels is primarily known for his work on neuroplasticity and spiking neural networks done as a doctoral student under Larry Abbott and as a postdoctoral researcher under Wulfram Gerstner.
Vogels has received numerous awards for his work in the field including memberships in the Royal Society and the Kavli-FENS Network of Excellence.
Vogels studied theoretical physics at the Technical University of Berlin and neuroscience under Larry Abbott and Eve Marder at Brandeis University through the Fulbright Program.
After a postdoctoral stay as a Patterson Brain Trust Fellow with Rafael Yuste at Columbia University, he became a Marie Curie Reintegration Fellow in the laboratory of Wulfram Gerstner at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).
The club was involved in the development of flying mile speed contests in 1932, the acknowledging the earlier racing by the Royal Automobile Club as well as the Albany Speed Classic in 1936.
It had also operated from other raceways, including the Caversham Raceway, the Brooklands Track (1930s West Subiaco), Nicholson Road, Cannington track, as well as country locations.
The Club has had a range of periodicals that have included other clubs and related sports based in Western Australia over the years.
It heads first roughly north strongly meandering in its middle and lower course then is bends to the northeast around a mountain area.
It was originally organised and hosted by the Lebanese Table Tennis Federation for 12 to 18 September 2011 with the prospective location of Jamhour Stadium, Beirut, Lebanon.
However, due to security deterioration in the region, the Lebanon TTF informed Asian Table Tennis Union(ATTU) that they decided to cancel hosting the 20th ATTC.
Art Nouveau glass art is a type of finely-made, undulating, sinuous and colorful art objects, usually inspired by natural forms, in the Art Nouveau style, It most prominently appeared in the 1890s in the work of the American Louis Comfort Tiffany, Rene Lalique, Emile Gallé and the Daum brothers in France, Christopher Dresser in Scotland, and Friedrich Zitzman, Karl Koepping and Max Ritter von Spaun in Germany.
It was usually made by hand, and was usually colored with metal oxides while in a molten state in a furnace.
Art Nouveau glass was in large part due to technical innovations that allowed glass to have more and better color, to more lustrous, and to have more unusual forms.
Some of these techniques had been used for centuries, but Art Nouveau glass artists greatly expanded the ways they could be used.
He made study trips to London and Paris, where he discovered Japanese art and decoration, which he applied to his glass.
He inherited the family firm in 1884, and produced a remarkable series of glass objects, using techniques of engraving glass borrowed from Chinese art glass, and methods of layering plaques of glass.
He presented his Art Nouveau works with success at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900, and was a founder of the Ecole de Nancy, bridging together architect, glass and furniture designers.
The glassmaker Jean Daum emigrated to France in 1878 and started his own studio, Daum Glass, which was inherited by his two sons, Antonin Daum and his brother Auguste Daum.
Their method was to produce objects in series, as well as one-of-a-kind items, and they adapted well to the new technology of electric light bulbs.
The vases and lamps usually had very simple designs taken from plants or vegetables, with monochrome or richly varied colors of many different layers of glass within the lamp.
Beginning in 1895 he made pieces for the shop of Samuel Bing, the Maison de l'Art Nouveau, which gave Art Nouveau its name.
He met the perfume creator François Coty and in 1908 He pioneered in the design of perfume bottles, small glass symbols of modernity, which became a new genre of glass art.
His father was a famous New York jeweler, and he studied painting in New York and Paris before opening a firm of interior decoration in New York in 1897.
He founded the Tiffany Glass Company in 1885, which became the Tiffany Studio after 1900, and opened his own glass factory on Long Island in 1892.
In the early 1890s, working with Arthur Nash, an English glassmaker from Stourbridge England, he invented a method for blending different colors of glass in a molten state in a furnace.
They also treated glass with various metallic oxides and exposed it to acid fumes achieve more brilliant lustre and light effects.
Tiffany marketed his early Art Nouveau works at the gallery of Samuel Bing in Paris, which gave Art Nouveau it's name.
Unlike the glass art of the Art Nouveau in France, the Secession glass designs were geometric and abstract, without the curving lines and natural forms of the earlier style.
He designed the windows for the Austrian Postal Savings Bank, one of the landmarks of the Vienna Secession style, and also for the St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church, the most notable of Vienna Secession churches.
Victor Horta, the Belgian architect who designed some of the easiest Art Nouveau houses, used stained glass windows, combined with ceramics, wood and iron decoration with similar motifs, to create a harmony between functional elements and decoration, making a unified work of art.
Early Art Nouveau stained glass generally used traditional techniques and subjects, but usually featured floral themes and women as the central figures.
Later, as in his stained glass window of Oyster Bay, he used the Favrile glass process that he patented, in which the molten glass was tinted with metallic oxides to give its surface an iridescent effect.
In Moscow, the Russian architect Fyodor Schechtel used stained glass windows to create the atmosphere of his most Art celebrated Nouveau house, the Ryabushinsky House, now the Gorky Museum.
He also used Art Nouveau glass to create the striking lamp in the shape of a jellyfish that ornaments the main stairway.
He won two titles on the Challenger Tour and made his only Grand Prix (ATP Tour) main draw appearance at Buenos Aires in 1986, where he made the second round.
The popular name of the building refers to the visible structure's resemblance to a pagoda, with each floor rotated 45º from the lower one and joined with a hyperboloid ruled surface.
It was built circa 1879 - 1886, designed by architect Sir Arthur Blomfield in the Gothic Revival style with a tower.
St Simon's church is a late Victorian church building built from 1879 - 1886, and designed by the noted architect Sir Arthur Blomfield.
The foundation stone was laid on 6 March 1878 by the philanthropist and evangelical Anglican John Derby Allcroft, MP for Worcester.
Today St Simon's is surrounded by late Victorian and early Edwardian terraced housing, and is located a few hundred yards south of Shepherd's Bush Green.
He was most notable for terms in the Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont Senate, and for serving as mayor of Burlington from 1876 to 1883.
D. Hatch and J. D. Hatch) was born in Norwich, Vermont on January 21, 1811, a son of Reuben and Eunice (Denison) Hatch.
After finishing his college studies, Hatch settled in Windsor, Vermont, where he operated a successful general store in partnership with his brother Albert.
He was active in politics as a Whig and later as a Republican, and represented Windsor in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1853 to 1855 and Windsor County in the Vermont Senate from 1857 to 1859.
In 1861, Hatch moved to Burlington, where he became an investor in the Central Vermont Railway and the Vermont and Canada Railroad.
Hatch served as mayor from 1876 to 1883, and frequently ran for reelection with the endorsement of both Republicans and Democrats.
In addition, he was credited with the creation of a sinking fund, which the city used to finance future projects, enabling it to avoid incurring additional debt.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election.
Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.
After the disfranchisement of the state’s African-American population by a poll tax was largely complete in the 1890s, the Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united, although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support.
When the Democratic Party was bitterly divided, the Republicans did win the governorship in 1910 and 1912, but did not gain at other levels.
The 1920 election saw a significant but not radical change, whereby by moving into a small number of traditionally Democratic areas in Middle Tennessee and expanding turnout due to the Nineteenth Amendment and powerful isolationist sentiment, the Republican Party was able to capture Tennessee’s presidential electoral votes and win the governorship and take three congressional seats in addition to the rock-ribbed GOP First and Second Districts.
In 1922, with the ebbing of isolationist sympathy and a consequent decline in turnout, the Democratic Party regained the three seats lost in 1920 and also regained Tennessee’s governorship under Austin Peay, later to become notorious for attempting to prohibit the teaching of evolution.
However, in May, Tennessee went to Smith’s rival William Gibbs McAdoo, who represented the rural, southern, historically secessionist and prohibitionist wing of the party.
Ultimately neither Smith not McAdoo could prove acceptable to all Democratic delegates and the nomination went to a compromise candidate in Wall Street layer John W. Davis of West Virginia.
Although West Virginia was a border state whose limited African-American population had not been disenfranchised as in all former Confederate States, Davis did share the extreme social conservatism of Southern Democrats of his era.
The possibility of large La Follette votes in the Midwest and West tying up the Electoral College led Coolidge and Davis to give major priority to Tennessee and the border states – where La Follette generally had little appeal –in the early fall campaigns.
In polling from the beginning of October, Tennessee was without representation, but at the end of that month it was rated as doubtful between Coolidge and Davis., although during the third week of that month Davis himself had said he would carry the state by thirty to fifty thousand votes.
Although La Follette would relegate Davis to third in twelve states and carry his home state of Wisconsin, he had very little appeal amongst Tennessee’s poll-tax-restricted electorate, with the exception of small nitrate-mining communities in and around Grundy County where he even ran second ahead of Coolidge.
It was predicted in the latest polls that La Follette would gain less than ten percent of Tennessee’s ballots, and in the end he finished with only 3.55%, making Tennessee La Follette’s fourth-weakest state nationwide.
The Netherlands cricket team is scheduled to tour Namibia in March and April 2020, to play four Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) and two One Day Internationals (ODIs) at the Wanderers Cricket Ground in Windhoek.
Endgame is an upcoming Chinese-Hong Kong action black comedy film co-written and directed by Rao Xiaozhi and starring Andy Lau, Xiao Yang and Wan Qian.
Zhou Quan (Andy Lau), a world-class hitman, ends up swapping identities with a down-to-luck extra actor, Chen Xiaomeng (Xiao Yang), during an accident.
As the incident became viral on the internet with footage leaked from the set, Xiao posted on his Sina Weibo and denied acting like a diva on set and expressed his gratefulness for the opportunity to work with Lau.
Production company Emperor Entertainment also issued a statement denying such incident and claiming the footage is a scripted scene in the film.
He was the co-organiser and speker at Start-Up Europe Week 2017 while he studies in International business and development economics in Italy.
He was one of the founders of Youth for Better Indian (YBI), an anti-corruption youth organization that educates and organizes young people for supporting Anti-corruption institutions and Governance reforms.
Venkatesh has represented Indian organizations in various international conferences in the countries like United States, China, Germany, Italy, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia and Nepal.
Chharra is a village in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Chharra had a total population of 6,131, of which 3,163 (52%) were males and 2,968 (48%) were females.
In mechanics, Sommerfeld effect is a phenomenon arising from feedback in the energy exchange between vibrating systems: for example, when for the rocking table, under given conditions, energy transmitted to the motor resulted not in higher revolutions but in stronger vibrations of the table.
In the theory of hidden oscillations, Sommerfeld effect is explained by the multistability and presence in the phase space of dynamical model without stationary states of two coexisting hidden attractors, one of which attracts trajectories from vicinity of zero initial data (which correspond to the typical start up of the motor), and the other attractor corresponds to the desired mode of operation with a higher frequency of rotation.
Depending on the model under consideration, coexisting hidden attractors in the model may be either periodic or chaotic; such dynamical models with Sommerfeld effect are the earliest known mechanical example of a system without equlibria and with hidden attractors.
The expression Platform Capitalism refers to the activities of companies such as Google, Facebook, Apple, Microsoft, Uber, Airbnb and others to operate as platforms.
In this business model both hardware and software are used as a foundation (platform) for other actors to conduct their own business.
Kenneth Thomas Strongman (2 December 1940 – 29 December 2019) was a New Zealand psychologist and academic, and was a professor of psychology at the University of Canterbury, specialising in the field of emotion.
Born on 2 December 1940 in Ware, Hertfordshire, England, Strongman was the son of Grace Mary Strongman (née Dew) and Alfred Thomas Strongman.
He grew up in a terrace house in Highbury, North London, and was educated at Dame Alice Owen's School where his contemporaries included John Broadhurst.
In 1964, Strongman married Thelma Madeline Francis, and they went on to have two children, including art curator, writer, and film and television critic Lara Strongman.
He moved to New Zealand in 1979 when he was appointed professor and head of department of psychology at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, where he remained for the rest of his career.
He served 15 years as head of department, and later held managerial roles at Canterbury, including as assistant vice-chancellor (government and community relations) and pro-vice-chancellor arts.
Strongman was regarded as an international expert on emotion, and his research covered both theoretical and empirical aspects of the subject.
In 2003, Strongman was one of 140 prominent New Zealanders who signed a petition that was presented to Parliament, seeking a royal commission into the Christchurch Civic Crèche abuse case.
Strongman was elected a Fellow of the New Zealand Psychological Society in 1982, and a Fellow of the British Psychological Society in 1990.
Protein Data Bank in Europe – Knowledge Base (PDBe-KB) is a community-driven, open-access, integrated resource whose mission is to place macromolecular structure data in their biological context and to make them accessible to the scientific community in order to support fundamental and translational research and education.
The symbolism incorporates a field divided red and white; a zigzag or serrated division; a floral depiction termed a cinquefoil; and a running fox.
The red and white divided field was a pattern borne by the de Montfort earls of Leicester, whose family emanated from Normandy.
He returned to Gascony in 1248 to settle King Henry III's unruly lands, which caused the locals to petition the king against him.
De Montfort and other barons were becoming disaffected with the King’s irresponsible rule, they arrived fully armed at a Great Council meeting, where, led by de Montfort, they forced the King to accept reforms, the Provisions of Oxford.
A Parliament was to be called and a permanent council of fifteen, of whom de Montfort was one, was to control the King's actions.
On May 14th 1264 de Montfort's army engaged the King's on the South Downs north of Lewes, Sussex and victorious, he became de facto ruler of England.
After a rule of just over a year, de Montfort met his death at the hands of forces loyal to the King, at the Battle of Evesham.
The coat of arms of Leicestershire County Council in flag form is often marketed as the county flag of Leicestershire, but it represents only the council and flying it requires their permission.
It is also worth noting that the design does not include, probably the single most definitive county emblem, the running fox.
She is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and serves as the director of the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
She is known for developing Li-NBAL, an artificial liver support system that is widely used to sustain the lives of patients suffering from acute liver failure.
Her village later recommended her to become a barefoot doctor, and she accepted the offer despite it paying much less than her teaching job.
In 1970, when Chinese universities began admitting Worker-Peasant-Soldier students, Li was recommended by her township to study at Zhejiang Medical University (now Zhejiang University School of Medicine).
After graduating in 1973, she was assigned to work at the Department of Infectious Diseases at the , commencing her career in epidemiology.
In 1986, Li and her team developed an artificial liver support system (ALSS), also called non-biological artificial liver (NBAL), to detoxify patients and sustain their lives until the liver regenerates itself or a donor liver becomes available for transplant.
She assumed the position of vice-president of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University in October 1993, and remained dean until October 1996.
In November 1996 she became deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health, and was promoted to director six years later.
The current building was one of a series built for brothers who established a retail business and who were avid book collectors.
On December 20, 1959, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Giuseppe laid the foundation stone of the new large 1,120,000 m factory, for the Italian car brand Lancia, which at that time was under the control of the family Pesenti.
The 2010 Prefontaine Classic was the 36th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Eugene, Oregon, United States.
Held on Saturday July 3, 2010 at Hayward Field, it was the sixth leg of the inaugural IAAF Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.
Previously the Prefontaine Classic had been a part of the now defunct IAAF World Athletics Tour, but not in the IAAF Golden League which consisted of the top-tier meets in the tour.
The meet's debut in the Diamond League resulted in 12 new meeting records being set out of 19 contested events, with yearly world leading marks being set on top of five of the meeting record performances.
In the men's events the 200 meters had been most anticipated, which Walter Dix won with a meeting record in 19.72 seconds, defeating second fastest man in history Tyson Gay who had recently returned to competition from groin surgery.
David Oliver matched the American record in the 110 m hurdles with a world leading time and meeting record in 12.90 s, just 0.03 s slower than the world record.
The shot put saw Christian Cantwell win by more than a meter, with a world leading mark and meeting record of 22.41 m. In the non-scoring 1000 m, Sudanese athlete Abubaker Kaki Khamis set a world leading time, national record, and meeting record in 2:13.62.
In the women's competition, Veronica Campbell-Brown defeated reigning Olympic and world champion Shelly-Ann Fraser over 100 m in 10.78 s, a world leading personal best time and a meeting record.
Mariya Savinova set a world leading time and meeting record in the 800 m with a personal best time in 1:57.56.
Though she did not win the triple jump, Canadian Tabia Charles set a national record with a mark of 13.99 m.
Top three placers in each scoring event earned four points, two points, and one point for first place, second place, and third place respectively.
He became an Assistant Researcher at the Institute of Cognitive Neurology in Argentina in 2006, before joining the INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit (UNICOG) at the French Institute of Health and Medical Research in Paris.
The 2020 La Flèche Wallonne is a road cycling one-day race that will take place on 22 April 2020 in Belgium.
The Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Bill, 2020 () is a proposed bill regarding decentralisation of governance in the state of Andhra Pradesh so that establishments for additional two capitals can be made at any place outside Amaravati.
The bill was proposed by the Andhra Pradesh Government to establish three capitals at different places in the state namely Amaravati, Vishakapatnam and Kurnool.
The introduction of the bill caused widespread criticism especially from the legal executives, journalist organisations, political parties, and farmers fearing that this would create inequality across all regions of the state and as well as damage to Amaravati's capital investments.
Potti Sri Ramulu one of the strong activists, took indefinite hunger strike from October 19, 1952 and demanded for a separate Andhra state from the Madras state for the Telugu speaking people.
As a result of his sacrifice, the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru bifurcated Madras state to the new Andhra state consisting eleven districts of Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema on October 1, 1953 with Kurnool as its temporary capital of Andhra state and the Madras city as permanent capital of Madras state.
On 1956, the Parliament of India introduced an act which was a major reform of the boundaries of Indian states and territories, organising them along linguistic lines.
Following the effects of changes made to Constitution of India, the newly Combined Andhra Pradesh was formed by the merger of Hyderabad state along with Andhra state for Telugu speaking people's demand.
Based on the commission's conclusions, the Government of India preferred Visalandhra and enlarged the state by including nine Telugu speaking districts of Hyderabad state to eleven districts of Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh with 20 districts.
The Andhra Pradesh state was formed by the merger of Hyderabad state and Andhra state with its new capital Hyderabad on basis of Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956.
The Telangana leaders proposed that the High court of the Andhra Pradesh state should be located in Hyderabad and a bench should be constituted in Guntur.
But the Andhra leaders rejected it by stating that high court can be established in hyderabad and there was no need for a bench in Guntur district.
During 1969 to 1973, several movements like Telangana movement and 1972 Jai Andhra movement took place for bifurcation of the state.
Protests started with the hunger strike of a student from Khammam district for the implementation of safe-guards promised during the creation of Andhra Pradesh.
Amid, the people of Telangana had alleged violations of Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956 led to the 1969 Telangana movement and cited as one of the main reasons for the demands of separate statehood for Telangana region.
The Parliament of India implemented an act that defined the boundaries of the two states, and laid out the status of Hyderabad as the permanent capital of Telangana state and temporary capital of the Andhra Pradesh state for 10 years.
On June 2019, The Governor had issued orders for reallocation of the buildings to the newly carved out state in accordance with the provisions of A.P.
Later, the bill was introduced in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly even though Andhra Pradesh High Court gave verdict to extend the duration on submission of representations.
The bill was passed on the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by having majority of the seats after 17 MLA's of the Telugu Desam Party were suspended and amid ongoing demonstrations of farmers.
Although this bill was passed by the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, or lower house of Andhra Pradesh Legislature, it stalled in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council, following widespread protests against the bill.
The Official opposition has given a notice to the house chairman Shariff Mohammed Ahmed under Rule 71 of the council and demanded that a debate should be allowed before the tabling of the bill.
The speaker has permitted debate on the bill and the opposition criticized the government by contending that the bills transgressed parliamentary laws and legal issues and the bills will have serious implications for the state and also will affect the state image as well as investments.
The idea of three capitals by the Chief minister Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy caused widespread demonstrations by the farmers of Krishna and Guntur districts.
In the capital city of the state, farmers and agricultural workers were against the decentralisation of the government and theory of three capitals.
They stated that, the bill is against agreements to the farmers who gave 33,000 acres of agricultural lands to the government.
After the bill was passed on 21 January 2020 by the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, violent protests erupted in Andhra Pradesh, particularly in Amaravati.
It was formed on 20 January 2020, after the resignation of Will Hodgman as Premier of Tasmania and the election of Gutwein as Liberal leader.
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Somaliland (MoD) () () is a member of the Somaliland cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Defence.
However, in December 2012, Somaliland defense ministry announced that a chain of command had been developed and would be implemented by January 2013.
Mike Shelton (born February 28, 1973) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 97th district from 2004 to 2016.
He designed the Fresh Air Baby Camp and Woolf Brothers Clothing Company buildings, both listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
This species has an extensive and discontinuous presence in part of Europe (Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Switzerland, France, Italy and Spain).
It mainly occurs at hight altitude in mountainous meadows of central Spain, of the Cantabrian mountain, on the Pyrenees,on the Massif Central, in the western part of the Alps, in part of the Apennines and on several summits of the Balkans.
The three species are morphologically very close and only the males can be differentiated with certainty after examination of their reproductive organs (aedeagus).
Chongqing SWM () is a professional Chinese football club that participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA).
The team is based in Chongqing and their home stadium is the Chongqing Olympic Sports Center that has a seating capacity of 58,680.
The club was founded in 1995 and originally called Qianwei (Vanguard) Wuhan before making their debut in the newly developed fully professional Chinese football league system where they started in the third tier within the 1995 league season.
They would quickly rise up to the top tier and experience their greatest achievement of winning the 2000 Chinese FA Cup and coming fourth within the league.
After these achievements they struggled to replicate the same success and experienced their first relegation from the top tier in the 2006 league season.
After gaining promotion in 2008 back into the top tier they were unable to remain in the top flight and were relegated once more in the 2010 season.
In 2014, they finished the season at the top of Chinese League One (tier 2) division and won promotion to the Chinese Super League again.
According to Forbes, Chongqing is the 9th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $76 million, and an estimated revenue of $17 million in 2015.
(later known as Optics Valley F.C., dissolved in 2008 and reborn as Wuhan Zall in 2009), which created a vacant space available in the football league in 1994.
After gaining financial supports from Hubei investors, the new Qianwei club took part in the newly-developed professional Chinese football league system.
In the 1995 season, Qianwei took part in the bottom level (tier-3) of the Chinese league pyramid and finished fourth to gain promotion to the second division.
In the second tier, they quickly received significant funding from the Ministry of Public Security along with the Huandao Group, a notable company in tourism industry based in Hainan, which in turn also saw the club change its name to Qianwei Huandao to represent their new stockholder.
Qianwei Huandao tried to relocate their home ground in Haikou, the capital city of Hainan province, but the team finally chose to stay in Wuhan since there was no suitable stadium in Hainan to serve as the home ground.
With significant investment coming into the team, they bought several former Chinese international players such as Feng Zhigang and Xu Tao to strengthen the squad.
This soon paid off when the club won the second tier league and promoted to the top tier at the end of the 1996 league season.
In the top tier the owners decided that the club needed to affiliate itself with a major region that had a great football fan population, so they decided to move to the nearby city of Chongqing and chose the Datianwan Stadium as their new home ground.
This was followed by more Chinese internationals such as Jiang Feng and Han Jinming joining the team and ensuring the club stayed up in the tier one at the end of the season.
Ensuring that the club remain the only team within the Chongqing region, the club went on to merge and essentially take over a club in the lower level league, Chongqing Hongyan, in the following season.
Lifan Group, a local flagship company in automobile industry, bought the club for 55,800,000 yuan on 19 August 2000 and renamed the club Chongqing Lifan F.C.
While all of this was happening the club's manager Lee Jang-Soo was ensuring that the club would gradually improve each successive season and provide the club with their greatest achievement of winning the 2000 Chinese FA Cup for the first time in the club's history.
In the 2003 league season Chongqing Lifan had brought in Miloš Hrstić as their new coach, however his appointment was a disaster and the club was relegated at the end of the season.
With the club desperate to remain within the top tier they would buy Yunnan Hongta's registration and merge the clubs' senior teams together allowing Chongqing Lifan to remain in the top division.
Surprisingly the club would actually profit from the merger when several of the surplus players from both teams would then go on to gain investment from the Hunan Corun Group and buy Chongqing Lifan's second division registration for 20,000,000 yuan to then form Hunan Shoking.
Back on the field the club would bring in Yu Dongfeng as their new manager in the 2004 league season, however because it was an expansion season the club would stagnate at the bottom of the league, safe in the knowledge that there was no relegation that season.
With no relegation again in the 2005 league season there was no improvement within the team despite the change in management with Ma Lin coming in.
With relegation reinstated in the 2006 league season the club brought in another change of management with Xu Hong, however for the third straight season in a row the club finished bottom of the league and were relegated at the end of the season.
The move would pay-off when on his second season the club won promotion back into the top tier when Chongqing came second at the end of the 2008 league season.
On 26 June 2016, Jiang Lizhang purchased 98.13% of Granada CF, setting up an affiliation, which has seen Feng Jing and Wang Zixiang go to the Spanish club, with Chongqing Lifan.
On 5 January 2017, Jiang, alongside the Dangdai International Group, purchased 90% of Chongqing Lifan, renaming the club Chongqing Dangdai Lifan.
Throughout Chongqing Lifan's history they have built rivalries with Sichuan Quanxing, Chengdu Blades and Chongqing F.C., whom they contested in the local Chongqing derby.
The oldest of these rivalries was against Sichuan Quanxing, which was formed when the club moved to the neighbouring province of Chongqing and effectively created a local derby.
With both clubs in the top tier representing two neighbouring provinces, a fierce local rivalry would form that reached its peak on 12 November 2003 in a vital league game for both teams to avoid relegation.
Sichuan won 2–0 in a highly contentious game that saw Qiu Weiguo (邱卫国) from Chongqing and Marko Jovanović of Sichuan receive suspensions for their on-field behavior.
This rivalry would come to end when Sichuan declared themselves defunct at the end of the 2005 league season; however, another Sichuan province club in Chengdu Blades soon took over the baton as local rivals.
This was ignited on 14 April 2007 in a home league game for Chongqing Lifan that saw Chengdu win 1–0 as both teams looked to win promotion into the top tier that season.
For several seasons these two clubs would fight in an intermittent rivalry until Chengdu were dissolved in 2015 after facing financial difficulties.
After only one season both clubs would meet each other within the second division and had their first encounter in a league game with Chongqing F.C.
The return fixture would see violence break out between the two set of fans as the rivalry intensified between the clubs.
(a club in Hebei province) as a major rival due to the hostility between fanbases of these two clubs triggered by the transfer of Wang Dong from Shandong Tengding to Chongqing Lifan in 2014.
Wang was hated by Yongchang fans because of his previously unfriendly words against another Hebei team (Hebei Zhongji, the forerunner of the current powerhouse Hebei CFFC).
IHEC Carthage was established in 1942 and formerly called Carthage Business School as the first business school establishment in Tunisia, yet in 1967 the school became the Carthage High Commercial Studies Institute and was organized according to the law N°77-319 on March 30, 1977.
Rev Dr Donald Munro DD (1860–1937) was a Scottish minister in the 19th and 20th centuries, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1919.
He was born on 4 September 1860 at Strathbrora farm in Clyne in Sutherland, the somn of a shepherd, John Munro, and his wife, Jessie Grant.
At the Union of 1900 Rev Munro declined to join the new church and opted to remain in the (then minority) Free Church.
On or before this period he became involved in the creation of the Scottish Psalter: a group of plainsong psalms sung in a particular style, popular with the Free Church, and frequently in Gaelic.
Clovis Thorel, born April 28, 1833 in Hébécourt, Somme, France, died September 11, 1911 in Bagnoles-de-l'Orne, was a French botanist, explorer and doctor.
Born in 1833 in Vers-Hébécourt, Thorel attended medical school from the age of 17, against the advice of his parents, modest textile workers who wanted him to continue their trade.
In 1866, he participated in the French Mekong expedition of 1866–1868 under the direction of the frigate captain Ernest Doudart de Lagrée.
It aims were to carry out geographic and biological studies and to find a novel route to China: travelling up the Mekong river, visiting the temples of Angkor, crossing present-day Laos, then crossing Tonkin to reach Yunnan, via the high mountains.
Captain de Lagrée died and the exhausted and sick survivors reached Shanghai in June 1868, having covered 8,800 km in two years.
He wrote the ethnographic part of the report of the expedition, as well as the chapter devoted to agriculture and botany.
He left the Navy in 1871, when the French Third Republic was established, to open a medical office in the Passy district.
In 1906, he donated his herbarium and nine manuscript volumes describing 4,203 species to the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.
The last twenty years of his life, he devoted himself to the study of the thermal properties of the great source of Bagnoles-de-l'Orne, where he died in 1911.
Hansruedi Günthardt (* 18 October 1931; † 6 September 2005) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel in the 1960s as Goalkeeper.
Günthardt started his early football years playing for FC Emmenbrücke, then for the reserve team of FC Luzern and later Lausanne-Sports, before he moved to Basel.
Günthardt played his Nationalliga A debut on 7 October 1962 as Basel won their home game against Young Fellows Zürich 2–1.
During the following seasons he was mainly second goalkeeper behind Swiss national keeper Kurt Stettler and later behind Marcel Kunz and Jean-Paul Laufenburger.
Between the years 1962 and 1969 Günthardt played a number of games for the reserve team and a total of 51 games for the FC Basel first team.
24 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, two in the Swiss Cup, four in the Cup of the Alps and 21 were friendly games.
At the end of the 1968/69 season Günthardt went on to play for local rivals Old Boys, where he ended his active football.
At the same time, he was something like the right hand of trainer Helmut Benthaus in this function, especially as at that time the position of assistant coach was commonly unknown as opposed to now.
He died on 6 September 2005 after a serious illness, which was a very painful time for him, therefore his death came as somewhat of a relief.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed four litanies in his service as a church musician for the Salzburg Cathedral, two of which are settings of the Litaniae Lauretanae, the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
He composed his first litany, K. 109, dated May 1771, in the spirit of the Italian music he had encountered on his trip.
The work requires only a small orchestra of violins and continuo, with optionally trombones playing with the voices, which suggests that it may have been intended for the chapel of Schloss Mirabell.
It is a sacramental litany, Litaniae de venerabili altaris sacramento (Litanies of the venerated sacrament of the altar), venerating the Eucharist.
Structured in six movements, it shows that Mozart studied the style of his predecessors at the cathedral, namely a double-fugue by Michael Haydn.
The following table lists for each the title, number in the latest Köchel catalogue (K.), number in the former catalogue, year of composition, key and number of movements (Mvmts).
Saudi Arabia men's football team qualified for the Olympics by advancing to the final match of the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship in Thailand, marking the country's recurrence to the sport for the first time since Atlanta 1996.
Teresa Abelleira Dueñas (born 9 January 2000) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Deportivo Abanca of the Primera División.
Abelleira, who is currently in a relationship with her teammate Patricia Curbelo, was strongly criticized by homophobic when she came out.
A Peter Pan disk is a circumstellar disk around a star or brown dwarf with a spectral type of M or later.
To fit the definition of a Peter Pan disk the source needs formula_1, an age of >20 Myr and spectroscopic evidence of accretion.
It is part of the 45 Myr old Carina young moving group, older than expected for these characteristics of an M-dwarf.
Other stars and brown dwarfs were discovered to be similar to AWI0005x3s, with signs of youth while being in an older moving group.
Peter Pan disks are named after the main character Peter Pan in the play and book Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn’t Grow Up, written by J.M.
The system is inclined to our line of sight by ~38°, enough to not expect any disk material to move in front of the star.
found additional Peter Pan disks in the literature, which were identified as part of GAYA (Great Austral Young Association, containing Carina, Columba, Tucana-Horologium) complex.
The paper also mentions that members of NGC 2547 were previously identified to have 22 μm excess and could be similar to Peter Pan disks.
2MASS 08093547-4913033, which is one of the M-dwarfs with a debris disk in NGC 2547 was observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph.
There are different models to explain the existence of Peter Pan disks, such as disrupted planetesimals or recent collisions of planetary bodies.
Soccer Team is an American band from Washington, D.C., featuring Ryan Nelson (The Most Secret Method, Beauty Pill) and Melissa Quinley.
When Nelson returned to D.C. in 2012, the two reunited and added keyboardist/guitarist Jason Hutto (The Aquarium, Warm Sun) and Quinley's husband, drummer Dennis Kane.
Labib al-Fata al-Saqlabi (or Labib of Tortosa) was the founder and first ruler of the Taifa of Tortosa from around to .
He was a Saqaliba, usually Slavic children that were captured, castrated, sold as slaves in Spain, and educated in the Islamic culture and religion.
Some time after this he took power in the city of Tortosa, but was deposed when the city was briefly taken over by the Mundhir I of the Taifa of Zaragoza.
He supported the proclamation of Abd al-Rahman IV as caliph of Cordoba in , but they and their caliph were defeated in the vicinity of Granada by Zawi ibn Ziri.
Shortly after this Mubarak and Muzaffar died (possibly due to a rebellion instigated by Labib), and Labib became the ruler of the Taifa of Valencia.
In , Labib declared allegiance to Hisham II (who was most likely dead after the Berbers sacking Cordoba in 1013) as a symbol of his legitimacy, after the ruler of the Taifa of Seville, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad claimed he had reappeared.
It is possible that he died in Tortosa in , but it is uncertain whether he was deposed or named a successor, since the only evidence found has been that after this date coinage was issued by his successor, Muqatil Sayf al-Milla.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 4, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election.
Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.
After the disfranchisement of the state’s African-American population by a poll tax was largely complete in the 1890s, the Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united, although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support.
When the Democratic Party was bitterly divided, the Republicans did win the governorship in 1910 and 1912, but did not gain at other levels.
During the period before the 1920 presidential election, Tennessee was the center of bitter debate over the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, which the state – with its Democratic Party still seriously divided – ultimately passed by a very close 50 to 46 House of Representatives vote.
Although most of the Republicans in the state legislature had supported the Nineteenth Amendment, outgoing President Woodrow Wilson’s League of Nations was deeply unpopular in the isolationist and fundamentalist Appalachian regions, and the President was thus stigmatised for his advocacy of that organisation.
New Democratic nominee James M. Cox also supported American participation in the League, whereas his rival Warren Harding was largely opposed to the League and was helped in the South by racial and labor unrest elsewhere in the country.
Harding’s victory did not see a major change in partisan alignments, but was due to gains in normally Democratic rural white counties of Middle Tennessee – where he was the only Republican to carry Perry County until John McCain in 2008 and the solitary GOP victor in Jackson County until Mitt Romney in 2012 – plus abnormally high voter turnout amongst isolationist mountaineers in rock-ribbed Republican East Tennessee.
Harding also gained important help through overwhelming support from the few blacks able to vote – all residing within the state’s largest cities – due to his public support for civil rights for African-Americans.
He is a Chairman of the Tallinn City Council since 2019 and chairman of the board of The Association of Estonian Cities and Municipalities.
Terik is the member of the European Committee of the Regions and Vice-President of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR).
He has been member of the Estonian Parliament (2016-2019), City District Governor in Nõmme District Administration (2013-2016) and City District Governor in Pirita District Administration (2007-2013).
Rev Farquhar Matheson was a 20th-century Scottish minister, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1939.
He was father-in-law to Rev Donald Lamont moderator in the 1970s, and maternal grandfather of Rev Derek Lamont Moderator in 2017.
Anthony Chukwuebuka Felix (born 10 August 1997), known by his stage name T'kinzy, is a Nigerian singer, DJ, actor and entrepreneur based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
The only child of his parents of the Igbo extraction in southeastern Nigeria, T'Kinzy was born in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
There, he began his primary school education at St Joseph Nursery and Primary School, then moved to Benin City for his secondary school education.
Not long after, he again relocated with his father to the commercial capital of Lagos where he was enrolled in the prestigious Muson School of Music and Theatre Arts for talented artists in Lagos.
In 2010, his father died and the young orphan moved to South Africa with his paternal uncle who assumed care and supervision of the youngster.
After moving to South Africa with his uncle, his musical talent became noticeable and that was the start of a burgeoning career.
The song brought him to the attention of Gallo Records, with whom he signed in 2014, becoming the first Nigerian artist to sign a full record deal with a South African record company.
Anne Focke was born in Metelen in 1922 as the daughter of Andreas Focke and Elisabeth Wensing, but grew up in Emsdetten.
In 1942 she took evening classes at the art school in Münster and between 1943 and 1944 she studied Christian art in Heek-Nienborg with Wilhelm Felix Schlüter.
From 1965 she was able to devote more time to her artistic activities again; she created numerous drawings, portraits and small sculptures.
Daubenspeck-Focke has been represented in more than 40 solo and group exhibitions in Germany, the Netherlands, Great Britain and the European Parliament in Strasbourg and several other countries.
Cyril Livingstone was born on March 28th 1921, he was the youngest of three brothers born to Joseph and Bertha Livingstone.
The salon was locked n North street, then later moved to Albion, attracted a lot of the stylish people of Leeds and played an integral part in the Leeds fashion scene at the time.
In an interview with the Yorkshire Evening post Cyril Livingstone's friend and colleague John Fisher, stated that people would flock to Cyril's shop in order to but the latest haute couture fashion; with clients often asking for Cyril's opinion on what would suite them.
He often performed at the Leeds Royal theatre which is no longer in existence and was invited to perform at the 1960's York Festival.
Cyril's legacy, memories and work was commemorated with a rainbow plaque at Hotel Chocolat in Leeds to remember his contributions to the LGBT+ community and Leeds Culture.
After a curacy at Thorpe St Andrew he held incumbencies at Horsham St Faith and then Aylsham until his appointment as Archdeacon.
The coat of arms of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship is one of the symbols of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, an administrative unit of Poland.
The coat of arms of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship depicts in the silver (white) field of the Spanish red coat of arms shield (in combat position) a Pomeranian gryphon with a golden bow, golden claws, with a tail turned up and turned to the right (heraldic).
From the 1630s, it was a sign of the whole of Pomerania, Bogusław X, united by the Duke of Pomerania, and held an honourable place on the great nine-field coat of arms of Pomerania.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2010 event featured nine professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the KO-D Openweight Championship Contendership Tournament on May 30, Harashima earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Daisuke Sekimoto.
In the dark match preceding the main card, Sanshiro Takagi and Munenori Sawa from Battlearts defended the KO-D Tag Team Championship in a Falls Count Anywhere match against the team of Jun Kasai and Kamui from Pro-Wrestling Freedoms.
On the main card, Mr. #6 teamed with Great Kojika from Big Japan Pro Wrestling and Riho from Ice Ribbon to unify their Sea of Japan 6-Person Tag Team Championship with the UWA World Trios Championship held by the team of Hikaru Sato, Keisuke Ishii and Yoshihiko, and the Jiyugaoka 6-Person Tag Team Championship held by the team of Kudo, Yasu Urano and Antonio Honda.
In the sixth match, Naomichi Marufuji from Pro Wrestling Noah was originally supposed to face Kota Ibushi, however, due to Ibushi suffering an injury before the show, his tag team partner Kenny Omega was named as his replacement.
Because of this, Omega had to vacate the Sea of Japan 6-Person Tag Team Championship he was holding with Mr. #6 and Riho since June 13, and Great Kojika was declared champion on July 20 so that he could defend the title at Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2010.
Polish government of the Law and Justice party argues that the reforms are needed to improve the efficiency of the judiciary, but the opposition, supported by a significant number of members of the judiciary, has been very critical of the reforms.
The Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights and the Committee for the Defence of Democracy organized protests throughout Poland against the bill.
In 2008, at the age of 17, he moved to Wichita, Kansas, on a basketball scholarship, where he attended Sunrise Christian Academy.
In 2010, he moved to Miami, Florida, after being recruited by the University of Miami basketball team, eventually switching to play American football and gaining a place at the Miami Dolphins' rookie training camp.
Promoted by CES Boxing and trained by former world champion Glen Johnson, Akpejiori made his professional debut on 14 September 2018, scoring a first-round technical knockout (TKO) victory over Omar Acosta at the Twin River Event Center in Lincoln, Rhode Island.
Following another first-round TKO win over James Advincola in November, Akpejiori scored three more first-round stoppage wins in 2019; a knockout (KO) over Leo Cassiani in June; and TKOs over Johan Lopez in July and Jose Pulido in August.
Hecht was born in 1946, the eldest son of Jacob J. Hecht, a Chabad rabbi who was one of the closest and most trusted officials of the Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson.
Hecht also serves as the senior Chabad shaliach in the borough of Queens and is a teacher of science and religion at Beth Rivkah girls seminary in Brooklyn.
He was previously the editor in English publications at Sichos, the clearinghouse for all of the English-language titles of the Lubavitch movement, and he served as the personal interpreter at live public addresses for the Lubavitcher Rebbe from 1990 to 1993.
On March 6, 1994, Hecht spoke at the funeral of sixteen-year-old Ari Halberstam, who was murdered in a shooting on the Brooklyn Bridge.
In August 1978, Rabbis Hecht and Hertzel Illulian visited Tehran to establish a connection between Chabad and the Iranian Jewish community.
Ingrid Johansen Aune (Stavanger, October 19, 1985-Namsos, August 1, 2019) was a Norwegian politician who was mayor of the city of Malvik from 2015 until her death.
She earned a degree in International Relations and Economics from the University of Oslo in 2010, later completing her studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
She was a member of the Labour Party and she had been a political adviser whilst Jens Stoltenberg was Prime Minister.
On May 15, 2012, she became political adviser to Minister of State Espen Barth Eide and part of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense.
She and her partner Eivind Olav Kjelbotn Evensen died on August 1, 2019 after a boat accident on the outskirts of Namsos.
Orlando Luz and Rafael Matos won the title after defeating Juan Manuel Cerúndolo and Thiago Agustín Tirante 6–4, 6–2 in the final.
D'Aeth was born at 4, Hyde Side Terrace, Edmonton, Middlesex, the fourth of seven children of bank clerk Alfred D'Aeth and Elizabeth (née Gosling).
Educated at the Mercers' School, D'Aeth started work as a clerk at the National Assurance Company aged 15, where his apprenticeship allowed him to learn business administration and bookkeeping.
He took up independent study with the goal of becoming a clergyman, subsequently attending King's College London classes part-time, then, in 1896, went up to Oxford as a non-collegiate student at the same time as studying theology at St Stephen's House.
Having left Oxford, later that year D'Aeth was ordained a deacon, and admitted in that role to Manchester Cathedral, working also as curate of St Matthew's Church, Habergham Eaves, Burnley, Lancashire.
His experience of the hardships encountered by his parishioners and the local community led to his life-long commitment to the concept of community as central to social progress.
The duties of the clergy here primarily related to relief of poverty; D'Aeth was dismayed by the scale of the deprivation experienced by the local people.
By 1905, disillusioned by the church's attitude to poverty, D'Aeth (at the same time as his vicar) abandoned his clerical career, taking an appointment as junior lecturer at Liverpool University.
D'Aeth and his wife Margaret had two sons: Christopher John (1910–1931), who after Rugby and Balliol College, Oxford (where he read chemistry) died of exposure during a snowstorm whilst serving as ornithologist on a ten-man expedition to the uninhabited island of Akpotek, beyond Labrador in the Hudson Strait; and Andrew Maynard (b.
Today's Elbląg flag refers to the colors and symbolism of the banner used since the 14th century by Elbląg as a Hanseatic city.
It heads roughly northwestwards through a valley located between the Chibagalakh Range on the northern side and the Borong Range in the southern.
The village of Ust-Charky is located on the right bank of the Adycha, a little downstream from its confluence with the Charky.
The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Somaliland () () is the Somaliland government ministry which is concerned with the economy of Somaliland.
it's also responsible for planning and carrying out the government policy on public finance and budget and it applies and manages the regional and local financing systems and the provision of information on the economic-financial activity of the different public administrations.The current minister is Dr. Saad Ali Shire.
The 2020 NC State Wolfpack football team will represent North Carolina State University during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Wolfpack will play their home games at Carter–Finley Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina and compete in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
The Wolfpack will host ACC foes Boston College, Duke, Florida State, and Wake Forest and will travel to Clemson, Louisville, North Carolina, and Syracuse.
The Wolfpack will host three of the four non-conference opponents, Delaware from Division I FCS, Liberty from Division I FBS Independents, and Mississippi State from the Southeastern Conference and will travel to Troy from the Sun Belt Conference.
Bubrah () is a 9th-century Buddhist temple located within the complex of the Prambanan Temple Archaelogocal Park, in Central Java, Indonesia.
The name reflect the conditions of this temple during its discovery, which was a heap of 2 metres tall stone ruins.
It is located several hundred meters north from Prambanan temple, located between Sewu temple compound in the north and Lumbung temple in the south.
The temple is located within Prambanan or Kewu Plain, an archaeologically rich area dotted with numerous Hindu-Buddhist temples dated circa 8th to 9th century CE.
Bubrah temple is a Buddhist temple, and was built around 9th century during the era of the Mataram kingdom that ruled Central Java and some parts of Eastern Java.
Bubrah temple believed was constructed around the same period or slightly later after the completion of nearby Sewu and Lumbung temple, all three being a Buddhist-style mandala.
Bubrah temple seems to be added later to complete Manjusrigrha (Sewu) vajradhatu mandala as the southern shrine dedicated as the guardian of directions.
Thus possibly Bubrah temple was constructed after the reign of Panangkaran, either during the reign of Dharanindra, or possibly Samaragrawira, which means the temple was constructed in early 9th century.
The temple was in ruins during its rediscovery back in early 19th century, along with nearby Prambanan and Sewu temple compound.
Throughout the 20th century, nothing much had been done to restore and reconstruct the temple, as the temple stones were left scattered around the area.
In 1992, the temple was included within the area of Prambanan Archaeological Park or Prambanan Temple Tourism Park, along with nearby Lumbung, Sewu, and Prambanan temples, registered as Prambanan Temple Compound and recognized as a UNESCO world heritage site.
The project developed in 7 stages, and was completed in 14 December 2017, inaugurated by Muhajir Effendy, Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture.
The temple plan measures 12 x 12 metres and facing east side, with flight of stairs, portico and portal facing east.
The design of the temple is similar to the Apit temple within the Sewu temple compound and Sojiwan temple not far south.
Archaeologists suggest that the temple is actually a part of the greater Sewu temple compound (Manjusrigrha complex), as the southern temple marking the southern point of the mandala layout.
This suggestion is based on the fact that there is a similar-sized temple on the eastern side called Candi Gana that marking the eastern end on Manjusrigrha mandala.
On northern and western sides around 300 metres from Sewu main temple, there were also ruins discovered, however, the stones are too scarce to reconstruct.
In conclusion, Bubrah temple were originally part of four vanguard temples placed around 300 meters in four cardinal points from the main temple of Sewu.
Edwin Jack Godfrey (September 16, 1932 – April 12, 2002) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Commander of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific.
U.S.G., which stands for both; Usual Suspects Gang and Untouchable Street Generals, is a British hip hop collective and record label.
The collective was founded in North West London in 2005 as an independent record label by Squingy and led by Kevin Georgiou, better known as K Koke.
USG was founded in Stonebridge, London, as most members of the group resided in the council estate on Shakespeare road in the area.
Squingy managed the group and made use of new emerging platforms such as YouTube to share their music which garnered a following of fans online.
Squingy put K Koke as the primary artist of the group and Koke was eventually signed to Jay Z's Roc Nation record label in 2011 as a joint venture between Suspect Entertainment and Roc Nation and parent corporation RCA.
USG member, Craig Smalls (stage name Smallz), was murdered outside a chicken shop near Stonebridge Park station on 5 July, 2018.
Smallz was a father of three and was standing alone before a hooded gunman ran up to him and opened fire, leaving him dying on the street.
Since early 2000, USG has been involved in a gang wars with Church Road gang and rap collective Ice City Boyz, whose prominent member is Nines.
The 2020 Atlantic Coast Conference football season, part of the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season, is the 68th season of college football play for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
After being completing a PhD in bioarchaeology at the University of Bradford in 1999, Lewis went on to lecture at Bournemouth University (2000–2004) before moving to the University of Reading in 2004.
Mary Lewis completed a BA in archaeology at the University of Leicester in 1992 and the attended the University of Bradford where she studied for an MSc in osteology and a PhD in bioarchaeology.
They found that people living in the industrial area of medieval York were more likely to suffer from sinus infections than people from rural areas with less air pollution.
Along with Reading colleagues Gundula Müldner and Hella Eckardt, Lewis took part a research project to examine the archaeological evidence for immigration in Roman Britain and how these people interacted.
The project, which began in 2007, was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (£337,000) and the results were used to inform displays at the Yorkshire Museum and create educational resources for Key Stage 2 pupils.
The team produced the 'Romans Revealed' website aimed at school children to give more information on Roman Britain, broadening the history taught in schools which usually focuses on men from Italy.
The AHRC provided additional funding (62,000) while the Runnymede Trust also supported the project to help the website addressed what children wanted to learn about.
Between 2011 and 2014, Lewis worked with Janet Montgomery and Fiona Shapland on the Leverhulme-funded project 'Adolescence, Migration and Health in Medieval England: the osteological evidence'.
This list of general science and technology awards is an index to articles about notable awards for general contributions to science and technology.
The list is organized by region and country of the sponsoring organization, but awards are not necessarily limited to people from that country.
After a curacies in Sheffield and Nottingham he was the incumbent at Lenton Abbey from 1994 to 2002 and Porchester from 2002 until 2017.
Clyde Dixon Dean (October 23, 1930 – December 23, 2001) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Chief of Staff, Headquarters Marine Corps.
Robert L. Nichols (February 9, 1922 – July 4, 2001) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower.
Abu Omar Ahmad lbn Muhammad Ibn al-Aasi Ibn Ahmad lbn Sulaiman Ibn Isa Ibn Darraj al-Qasṭallī (958-1030) was poet of Berber origin.
He was an author of courtly poetry for the al-Andalus military leader Almanzor and after 1018, for the rulers of the Taifa of Zaragoza.
Apart from its literary value, his poetry also appears to match the historical record and provides insight into the exploits of Almanzor.
After the death of Almanzor, he continued in the service of Almanzor's son Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, who he accompanied in his campaign against Leon and Catalonia.
However in 1008, a civil war broke out and he was forced to emigrate, first to Cueta in 1008 with the Hammudids, then to the Taifa of Zaragoza, where he started work as vizier-secretary and court poet for Mundir I in 1018.
He also sang at the wedding organized by Mundir in 1021 between Count Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona and Sancha Sánchez, daughter of Sancho Garcia of Castile.
After Mundir I was succeeded by his son Yahya ibn al-Mundhir in 1022, Ibn Darraj continued his service as a poet in the court until his departure to Valencia and then to Dénia in 1028, where he died in 1030.
According to the commentary in The Hundred and One Hundred Demon, Byōbunozoki is a monster who looks into a person from the outside of a folding screen, and looks beyond the 7-inch folding screen.
According to Chinese classics, the Qin Shio emperor jumped over the screen of Xianyang Palace when he was about to be murdered.
The Triode-Pentode miniature vacuum tube (also called 6GH8) is a nine pin vacuum tube,produced as a combination of medium-mu Triode and sharp-cutoff Pentode.
The Gaznata is a river of Spain located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, a left-bank tributary of the Alberche.
Flowing southwards along a total length of 27.20 km, it empties in the Alberche, specifically into El Burguillo Reservoir, draining a catchment area of 164.20 km.
Casey Dué Hackney, sometimes cited or referred to as Casey Dué, is a professor of classical studies at the University of Houston, and the Executive Editor for the Center for Hellenic Studies.
Dué Hackney received her BA in Classical Philology from Brown University in 1996, then her A.M. and PhD from Harvard University in 1998 and 2001 respectively.
Since 2001, Dué Hackney has been the co-editor of the Homer Multitext Project, incorporating the older Homer & the Papyri project, with Mary Ebbott at the Center for Hellenic Studies.
This project aims to offer a digital edition of Homer through free access to a library of texts and images of or relating to manuscripts of the Iliad or the Odyssey.
In 2013, Dué Hackney was awarded a three-year grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, as co-principal investigator with Ebbott, for a project to further the progress of the Homer Multitext Project, by linking a digital edition of Venetus A, the oldest complete extant manuscript of the Iliad, with images of the manuscript.
Dué Hackney is a co-leader of the University of Houston arm of the Texas Digital Humanities Consortium, an organisation for digital humanities in four Texas-based universities, begun in 2014.
The municipality was established on January 1, 2020 by a merger of the five municipalities Askim , Eidsberg , Hobøl , Spydeberg and Trøgstad.
Gershasp (gladiator) Certain of his deeds are recounted in the epic poem Shahnameh, which preserves, in late form, many of the legends and stories of Greater Persia.
Dharak began his career at the age of 15, by Producing Tracks for his shows, and he later remixed official tracks for 9XM which gained him popularity.
Pariksha Pe Charcha is a contest which is an initiative taken by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, where students of Classes 9 to 12 are invited to participate in the Pariksha Pe Charcha Contest where they have to write their responses on any one of the 5 themes in a maximum of 1500 characters.
The first edition of Pariksha pe Charcha was started in the year of 2018 and the second edition of it was held on 29 January 2019, in New Delhi; the latest edition of the contest took place on 20 January 2020.
The book was published by Institute for Political Studies and Research in 2018 and won the Jalal Al-e Ahmad Literary Awards in the document-authoring section and also Iran's Book of the Year Awards.
The books starts with the introduction of Khomeini family and then the birth of Ruhollah Khomeini, his growth, basic education and then higher education.
She is a young artist in the music scene and has achieved great success for some time, talented and successful in different genres of music.
In 2009 he signed a group named Travis Porter, and they ended up with three top-10 songs on the U.S. radio charts – without a record deal.
In 2010 he cofounded music and artist management company called Street Execs Management, and started working with 2 Chainz and Cap1.
In January 2017 Jabaley made a new year's resolution to pursue his childhood dream of becoming an athlete and decided to make several drastic changes to focus on his health.
In 910, there was correspondence between Queen Šušan and Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi, Catholicos of All Armenians concering an ongoing effort to rebuild the church and monastery.
Prior to his appointment, he was the managing partner of Sam Okudzeto and Associates and a senior lecturer at the Ghana School of Law since 1994.
He is a member of the Ghana Bar Association and once served as president of the association from 2012 to 2015.
He is also a member of the International Bar Association, the Commonwealth Lawyers Association, the Lagos Arbitration Center, the American Bar Foundation, the ICC Court of Arbitration-Paris, London Court of International Arbitration Users' Council and the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, United Kingdom.
He begun his early education at the Suhum Presbyterian Primary School in 1958 but continued at Anumle Primary School in Achimota and Akropong Demontration Primary School from 1960 to 1962 and from 1962 to 1964 respectively.
In 1966 he proceeded to the Presbyterian Boys Secondary School for his Ordinary Level certificate ('O'-Level) which he obtained in 1971.
He studied at the Ghana School of Law from 1978 to 1980 and was called to the bar upon completion in November 1980.
He also obtained a certificate in Commercial Dispute Resolution from the United States Department of Commerce in 2001 and a certificate in Commercial Dispute Resolution (a World Bank modular course) from the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA).
In 2006 he enrolled at the Nottingham Law School, Nottingham Trent University in the United Kingdom graduating in 2007 with an LL.M in Advanced Litigation and Dispute Resolution.
After graduating from the University of Ghana in 1977, Amegatcher worked as a national service personnel at the headquarters of the National Council on Women Development.
After completing his national service in 1978, he took up a teaching job at Odorgonno Secondary School where he taught until 1980 when he joined the staff of the Accra Polytechnic teaching Commercial Law and General principles of English and Ghanaian Law until 1990.
While teaching, Amegatcher doubled as a private legal practitioner at the Nana Sarpong Ahenkorah and Company Law firm from 1980 to 1989.
He joined the Sam Okudzeto and Associates firm as a partner in 1989 and became a managing partner at the firm from 2005 to 2018.
He was a chief examiner in Law for the West African Examination Council, Ghana Commercial Examinations from 1988 to 2004 and an external examiner in Law for polytechnics in Ghana.
Amegatcher became secretary of the Greater Accra Bar Association from 1987 to 1989 and the assistant secretary of the Ghana Bar Association from 1993 to 1995.
He also served as the secretary of the Ghana Illiteracy and Resources Foundation from 1994 to 2003 and the chair of the pupilage Committee of the Ghana Bar Association from 2002 until 2012.
From 2009 to 2012, he was the chair of the World Vision Ghana Advisory Board and since 2011, he has been a West African representative for the Commonwealth Lawyers Association Council.
Amegatcher is a member of the Judicial Council and the General Legal Council, and has been the Advisory Council chair of the College of Humanities of the University of Ghana since 2015.
He also served as the vice chair of the African Regional Forum for the International Bar Association (IBA) from 2015 to 2017 and chair of the African Regional Forum of the association from 2017 to 2018.
Prior to his appointment to the bench of the Supreme Court of Ghana, he had been a senior lecturer at the Ghana School of Law, teaching Advocacy and Legal Ethics, and other Alternative Dispute Resolution courses.
Amegatcher was nominated together with three other judges (Justice Agnes Dordzie, Justice Samuel Marful-Sau and Justice Nii Ashie Kotey) by the president of Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo in 2018.
He together with Justice Agnes Dodzie were subsequently vetted on Friday, 24 August 2018 and were approved by parliament on 25 September 2018.
Shamkhal Hasanli (born 11 January 1992) is an Azerbaijani television and media executive and current President of Xezer TV since January 2016.
Shamkhal Hasanli was born on 11 January 1992 in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan, the son of Ali Hasanov and Sona Valiyeva.
During his studies at Khazar University and Full Sail University, Shamkhal Hasanli opened Araz 103.3 FM station on 4 April 2011, thus taking his first steps on his media career.
They launched numerous projects like opening the first radio station in the shopping mall, which drew public attention to Araz FM.
In 2015 Shamkhal Hasanli signed an agreement with Freemantle Media on the production of the world-famous Got Talent series in Azerbaijan.
This station is a specific station, airing only movies and TV series for anyone not liking reality TV shows and standard media in general.
Shamkhal Hasanli was awarded two medals by State Border Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan, for his media cooperation in the media sphere with them.
The cave formed in 1614-1624 during a large eruption of the volcano, inside one of the lava flows produced during that eruption.
Grotta del Gelo lies at - elevation on Etna's northern/northwestern flank, in the municipality of Randazzo and within the Etna National Park.
Other caves in the area are the , and , the first two of which formed during the same eruption as the Grotta del Gelo.
There are also two volcanic cones, Monte Nero and Monte Pizzillo, and the vents of the 1923 and 1947 eruptions in the area.
This long and about wide lava tube can be accessed through a wide entrance at the upper end of the tube.
The surface of the lava flows, exposed to the air, cooled and solidified to form a crust on the remaining flow.
Due to the great thickness of the lava flow –  on average – it probably took at least a decade for it to cool sufficiently for ice to form within.
Ice also forms in the Grotta del Lago lava cave above Grotta del Gelo, but it thaws during summer and is thus not perennial.
The ice within the cave began to form during the Maunder Minimum, within two decades from the formation of the cave – probably during the second half of the 17th century.
The ice mass in the cave increased until the 1980s and then declined due to the combined effect of climate change and an eruption in 1981 which occurred close to the cave and changed its temperature regime.
The shape of the ice body has also changed over time; at some time after the 1990s a gallery formed in the ice, which then disappeared again.
Beginning in the 1970s the cave became a tourist attraction for hikers, which led to increasing scientific interest and investigations from the 1980s onwards.
Its interior was monitored and investigated from 1997 to 2000, and in 2013 a new and improved sensor network was installed by researchers to track the cave's atmospheric humidity and temperature.
Legends talk of the existence of a treasure at Grotta del Gelo; such legends are common for the volcanic caves at Etna.
Teratophyllum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
133 km-long, the Cega, running northwest through the province of Segovia, empties in the Douro in the province of Valladolid, having previously received the waters of the Pirón, its main left-bank tributary.
He currently works as the Technical Director for Research and Development Separation Science for LECO Corporation based in Saint Joseph, Michigan, USA.
Following the fall of the Soviet Union, Artaev sought to find work outside of the newly-formed Russia due to concerns about political instability and the desire to build a better life for his family.
Ultimately, he was offered a temporary position  in Okemos, Michigan working for Meridian Instruments, a research and development group formed from Michigan State University graduates and professors.
At Meridian Instruments, Artaev worked alongside computer programmer Kevin McNitt to develop the GC-TOFMS (Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer), which could analyze a 60 compound VOC mixture in under 80 seconds, compared to the one hour for similar instruments available at the time.
In 1995, LECO Corporation, which is based in Saint Joseph, Michigan, acquired Artaev’s project from Meridian Instruments and added Artaev and McNitt to their research and development team.
LECO heavily invested in continuing what Artaev and McNitt had developed at Meridian and eventually created the world’s first commercial GC-TOFMS, known as the Pegasus, in 1997.
The instrument was capable of recording in excess of 500 full spectra per second without data loss, something that many Mass Spectrometer manufacturers still struggle to accomplish to this day.
Artaev continued to set scientific milestones by improving his Pegasus instrument to increase the speed and accuracy by which the instruments would produce data.
In addition, Artaev is a founding member and former president of the Russian Mass Spectrometry Interest Group at ASMS, which emerged in 1998 at the annual ASMS meeting in Orlando, Florida.
The interest group is notable not only for its work to assimilate scientists, but also for its impromptu musical performances around the hotel piano, as well as water polo matches in the hotel pools.
Artaev has been the co-author of a number of publications based on studies conducted with his Mass Spectrometer products developed at LECO.
Nasiru Bello Sani also known as Nasiru Naba (born 2 December 1987) is a Nigerian film actor and producer who act in both Hausa and English fims in Kannywood film industry.
He has produced numbers of film such as karkara, A Rayuwa, and Jarabta in which he featured Ali Nuhu, Rahama Sadau, Nuhu Abdullahi, Fati Washa, Sadiq Sani Sadiq, and Yakubu Muhammed.
He carved a niche as an actor when featured in A rayuwa (2015), he has featured in more than 20 films as lead actor and supporting actor including Ruwan Dare, Jidda, Tsalle Daya, Dakin Amarya, and Takaddama.
His father was Benjamin Backhouse, member of the New South Wales Legislative Council; his brother Alfred Paxton Backhouse was a judge of the District Court of New South Wales.
He received commercial and scientific instruction at the Grammar School and The King's School, Sydney-based institutions which prepared students for university.
He matriculated in science at the University of Sydney, after which he was appointed assistant professor to Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.I.C., Professor of the Chair of Chemistry in the Sydney Technical College.
His duties included delivering a course of lectures to the students of the college on metallurgy, and demonstration in the laboratory.
Here his extensive knowledge of both inorganic and organic chemistry proved a remunerative boon to the company, as he introduced cheaper and more convenient methods of treatment.
He was there nine months when he proceeded to the Evelyn Silver Mine, in the Northern Territory, as an assayer and metallurgist.
Success, however, was moderate, and he returned to Sydney in 1889, and accepted the post of metallurgist in the Kohinoor Mine at Captain's Flat, near Braidwood.
Then he took the management of the Clyde Smelting and Refining Works at Granville—very large and important works belonging to the Hudson Brothers.
He returned to Western Australia in August, 1893, and immediately after his arrival, started practice in Perth as a mining and consulting engineer.
His counsel and opinion were sought for continually in mining matters, and he gradually gained a business connection with leading mining companies.
The company, which was floated on the London market by member of the Western Australian Legislative Council Henry Saunders, had possession of extensive real estate and various properties that necessitated Backhouse travelling over large portions of the colony.
In his twin capacity of manager and overseer, he inspected and took accurate bearings and measurements of all the different properties.
A series of flotations by the company early took place in rapid succession: the White Feather Reward Mine, Mount Jackson Gold Mine, Mount Margaret Reward Claim, the Princess Alice, the Quartz Hill Reward, and the Yerilla Gold mines.
Blackhouse made acute and observant reports and scientific accounts of the physical features of the country during his traversals, which includes all the gold fields of the interior; his extensive geological and chemical knowledge made them authoritative.
He was the first mining engineer in Coolgardie to perform the journey from Coolgardie to Lake Way through the Murchison goldfields to Geraldton.
Born in Hill End, New South Wales, she was the daughter of John King Weir, and sister to J. K. and Alf Weir, both of whom were involved in the development of the Western Australian goldfields.
Despite Backhouse's flood of business he found time for patronising various kinds of sport, including as vice-president of The Rugby Football Club of Coolgardie and as patron or honorary office-bearer of various others.
In 1920 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace for the Yilgarn district, and by 1928 he was chairman of Ravensthorpe Hospital's board.
A strategic fighter is a fast, well-armed and long-range fighter aircraft, capable of fulfilling roles such as Escort fighter protecting bombers, penetration fighter carrying out offensive sorties of its own far into enemy territory and of maintaining standing combat air patrols at significant distance from its home base.
However, they too proved unwieldy and vulnerable, so as the war progressed techniques such as drop tanks were developed to extend the range of more nimble conventional fighters.
The penetration fighter is typically also fitted for the ground-attack role, and so is able to defend itself while conducting attack sorties.
Although not designed for the strategic role, British fighters flew from one of the first aircraft carriers in 1918 to wreak devastating damage on German Zeppelin sheds, thus becoming an early example of the strategic fighter role.
Although impressive by the standards of the day when the Bf 110 first flew in 1936, by the time of the Battle of Britain it was outclassed by contemporary interceptors the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire and proved relatively ineffectual as a bomber escort.
American attempts to deploy long-range escort fighters such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning were also partially successful, due to the limited manoeuvrability of such large aircraft in comparison to single-engined fighters such as the Focke-Wulf FW 190 in Europe and Mitsubishi A6M Zero in the Pacific theatre.
The situation changed with the introduction of drop tanks, which greatly extended the range of the significantly smaller and lighter North American P-51 Mustang fighter, leading some authorities to describe it as America's first successful strategic fighter.
The P-38 was plagued by engine problems and its twin booms were easily recognisable in the air, rendering it vulnerable to surprise attack by the German fighters, while the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt had to release its drop tanks before combat, making its long-range value questionable.
During the cold war period, the US Strategic Air Command (SAC) created several strategic fighter squadrons, organised into strategic fighter wings, primarily for escort fighter and fighter-reconnaissance duties.
However any fighter which could be developed soon enough and with sufficient endurance to accompany the Boeing B-47 Stratojet strategic bomber would be as big as its charge.
With the advent of the more capable Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, in the first half of 1957 the strategic fighter wings were either disbanded or transferred to Tactical Air Command (TAC).
Although it came too late to serve with SAC, it was one of the first fighters designed to be capable of supersonic flight and was modified as a long-range interceptor serving with TAC.
For 20th Century Fox film releases, see List of 20th Century Fox films (1935–1999) and List of 20th Century Fox films (2000–present).
The Union of Belgian Textile Workers (, TACB; , COTB) was a trade union representing workers in the textile trades in Belgium.
However, after World War I, the Flemish leadership decided to centralise the union, and the Verviers federation left, only rejoining in 1935.
The following year, it union merged with the Union of Clothing Workers and Kindred Trades in Belgium and the General Diamond Workers' Association of Belgium, to form the Textile-Clothing-Diamond Union.
Susan E. Cernyak-Spatz (July 27, 1922 – November 17, 2019) was an Austrian-born professor of German language and literature at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
She survived two years at the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, from 1943 to 1945, the winter death march away from Auschwitz, and a shorter spell at Ravensbrück in 1945.
She finished undergraduate studies at Southwest Missouri State College in 1968, and earned her doctoral degree at the University of Kansas in 1972.
In retirement, into her nineties, she continued giving interviews, lectures to community groups, and talks to high schoolers, on her own experiences during the war.
Susan Eckstein married Bernard M. Fishman, an American serviceman, in Brussels, and moved to the United States with him in 1946.
Amir al-Dandal (born 1980) in Deir ez-Zor, also known as Sheikh Amir al-Mushref al-Dandal, is one of the leaders of the Al Uqaydat (Aghedat) tribe of Eastern Syria.
He became known internationally as a political and civil society activist with the beginning of the Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War.
Dandal is the grandson of Sheikh Mushrif al-Dandal who lead a tribal revolt against British forces along the banks of the Middle Euphrates in 1919.
The Dandal family lived in the area of Abu Kamal and had been enjoying strong ties with several Syrian governments, including the rule of Hafez al-Assad.
Amir al-Dandal was among the first tribal leaders to publicly express discontent with the way the government of Bashar al-Assad was responding to the Civil uprising that lead to the Syrian Civil War.
When the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant expanded into the territory of the Al Uqaydat in Eastern Syria, Dandal became an activist against ISIL and an acclaimed source of analysis and information from the tribal areas to international media.
According to a BBC report from January 2020, Dandal, within the framework of this initiative, co-authored a statement which rejects the idea of collective accountability or retribution among tribes and Syrian communities for crimes and violations committed during the war.
It is remembered today mostly for its publication of the early work of major modernist writers such as William Faulkner, William Carlos Williams and Gertrude Stein.
Four Seas was founded by the young Edmund R. Brown upon his graduation from Harvard College in 1910, and its imprint first appears in 1911.
The public library Antonelliana is the main library of the city of Senigallia (AN), also home to the historical archive of the city.
The municipal library Antonelliana is located in the immediate vicinity of the annonarian forum itself and in the attic of the same, it has a tournout of about 23,000 people a year, thanks also to the congress hall, summer meetings organized througoutthe city and the educational workshops.
In addition to carrying out the normal function of a library and hosting, the historical archives of Senigallia, the municipal library Antonelliana is now also a media library, emeroteca and home of the Informagiovani, also a WiFi network has been installed.
Many others were added to the texts, initially preserved over the municipal, who, thanks in particular to cardinal Domenico Consolini and she has risen the family Marcolini, so much so that in the 60', under the impulse of the comunal administration that bought numerous books, it came to guard 35000 units, number rose today to bout 80000.
The library who owes its name to cardinal Antonio Maria Antonelli, born in Pergola in 1698, from a noble family of Senigallia, but lived in Rome where he undertook his ecclesiastical carrer.
In 1747, also works belonging to the Ottoboni library, formed in 1690, by Pietro Vito Ottoboni, (Pope Alexander VIII) with works coming from the ail of the library established in the 17th century in Rome by Christine of Sweden, and then by the Pope bequeathed to the grandson Carl.
Among the manuscripts of the library there was also a copy of the Ethiopien text of the book of Enock, one of the very first to arrive in Europe.
It was only recently established that it came from the explorer James Bruce who ha given itto Pope Clement XIV during a visit to Rome in December 1773.
The manuscript, never traslated or published, remained in the Biblioteca Antonelliana, until, after his death, Angelo Mai purchased it around 1825 for the Vatican Library making it for the first time available for international research.
Despite the testamentary disposition of Nicolò Maria Antonelli, the library was transferred to Senigallia only in 1825 (Leonardo Antonelli died in 1811), and only after the decision of a judge, called into question by the municipal administration.
Soon the books were transferred to Piazza Garibaldi, where a gymnasium was presented, and trusted with the jesuit library, but always keeping it open to the public.
In 1860, following the suppression of many religious orders, many publication of the library of the Servites and Capuchins were placed on the shelves of the library.
After a period of neglet, which ended in 1930, also because of the earthquake that in the same year struck Senigallia , the librarywas moved to the Rinaldoni palace, in Via Fratelli Bandiera, but before the transfer was completed, it was decided to use as its headquarters the palazzo Gherardi , along the porticos of the village.
Since 1994 the library has been part of the national library service, while four years later is used the current seat was given the location forum.
The player accomplishes this goal by traveling from state to state and engaging in a variety of activities to either raise money or raise poll numbers.
A total of 52 teams entered the tournament, including the hosts Cameroon, while Eritrea and Somalia chose to not enter the qualifiers.
The draw for the second round was held on 21 January 2020, 19:00 CAT (), at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Cairo, Egypt.
Nicolas M. Salgo (1914 Budapest, Hungary–2005) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Hungary from 1983 until 1986.
The Union of Clothing Workers and Kindred Trades in Belgium (, CKAVB; , CVPS) was a trade union representing workers in the clothing industry in Belgium.
The union was founded on 16 March 1919, with the merger of the unions of tailors, tailors' cutters, hat makers, fur workers, linen workers and dyers.
Under his leadership, the union's funds were secreted with Paul Finet during World War II, and after the war, the union was a founder of the General Federation of Belgian Labour (ABVV).
In 1952, Liebaers opposed a 24-hour strike by the ABVV for the reduction of the length of compulsory military service, and was removed from office.
The union's membership grew during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, peaking at 32,268 in 1976, then fell gradually; by 1993, it had 22,658 members.
The following year, it merged with the Union of Belgian Textile Workers and the General Diamond Workers' Association of Belgium, to form the Textile-Clothing-Diamond Union.
We're All Going Calling on the Kaiser is a World War I era song written by Jack Caddigan and James A. Brennan, published by Leo Feist.
Min Hi Line is a proposed linear park and shared-use path that would eventually re-purpose an active rail and agri-industrial corridor in the Longfellow community of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.
Modeled after successful projects like the Atlanta Beltline and New York High Line, it would feature an approximately , shared-use pathway that traverses housing, retail, commercial buildings, gardens, playgrounds, and public art installments.
Two pilot projects completed in 2018 and 2019 connect the Min Hi Line corridor to trail systems at its northern and southern ends.
At its northern end, it reaches the Midtown Greenway, and at its southern end it reaches the Minnehaha Falls park area.
Trail users could connect to many other shared-use paths in the area, such as Hiawatha LRT Trail, Little Earth Trail, and Grand Rounds trail network.
The proposed area for the Min Hi Line is used by Canadian Pacific Railway, Archer Daniels Midland, Leder Brothers Metal, and General Mills.
After Archer Daniel Midland ceases operations in the area, the century-old Atkinson Mill structure at East 38th Street will be the last remaining active grain mill left in the city of Minneapolis.
The grain silos and milling structures are a defining feature of the local neighborhood, and could be incorporated into future redevelopment.
A pathway built in 2019 along the east side of Hiawatha Avenue from East 32nd Avenue to East 28th Avenue, though technically part of the Hiawatha LRT Trail, is also referred to as the northern-most segment of the Min Hi Line.
A housing and retail development at East 46th Avenue and Snelling Avenue features a pathway to Nawadaha Boulevard that is considered the south end of the Min Hi Line.
The Guadalix is a river of Spain located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, a right-bank tributary of the Jarama.
It springs out of the Sierra de Guadarrama, in the valley flanked by the , el , the Alto de la Genciana and the Cordal de la Vaqueriza.
Featuring a total length of 42 km, it runs southeastwards through the Community of Madrid until discharging in the Jarama near the Santo Domingo housing development (Algete), next to the Jarama Circuit.
Starting in 1999 and until 2001 he worked in the Embassy of Israel in Brussels and in the Israeli Mission to the European Communities, as second and first secretary.
In 2005 he became head of International Relations of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and in 2006 he was appointed his country's ambassador to the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In 2010, Ichay was appointed administrative manager to the Turkel Commission (the Public Commission to Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010) and later that year became senior deputy director general of the Prime Minister's Office.
In 2012 Ichay was elected chairman of the Municipal Committee of his village in Gush Etzion and in 2019 came out third in the Likud Party primary election for the seat reserved for Judea and Samaria.
In 2016 he was appointed director general of the Ministry of Jerusalem and Heritage, and he retired from the service two years later, in January 2019.
Ichay also did extensive humanitarian work such as in Kazakhstan he launched Operation Dostik, to provide medical help to HIV infected infants in Chimkent county, in the south of the Republic, for which he was decorated later with the .
Monotosh Chakladar (born 4 April 1998 in Bandel, West bengal) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for East Bengal FC at present.
in 2018 and played in the 2018-19 Calcutta Premier Division where his good performance led him to a loan spell at I-League club Gokulam Kerala F.C.
In January 2020, Monotosh signed for I-League side and Kolkata giants: East Bengal FC on loan for the remainder of the season.
Melfi wrote the screenplay with his future wife, actress Kimberly Quinn, who stars in the film with Katrina Holden Bronson and Rachel Hunter.
It was screened at the 1999 Austin Film Festival, premiered in Springfield on September 14, 2000, and was later shown in theaters in the Midwest.
As a means of attracting a potential distributor, a private industry screening for 450 guests was held at 20th Century Fox Studios in Hollywood on April 12, 2000.
The film's theatrical release – including a two-week run at the GQT Forum 8 theater in Columbia, Missouri in March 2001 – was orchestrated entirely by Melfi.
He is a Member of Legislative Assembly and represents Godda (Vidhan Sabha constituency) of Jharkhand being a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
She is a first generation Mexican American, sings in both English and Spanish, and her lyrics focus on spiritual contemplation, as well as her personal journey, both political and emotional.
The ensemble includes Mendoza: vocals, guitar; Ryan Oxford: vocals, guitar; Julia Mendiolea: vocals, keys; Miguel Jimenez-Cruz: drums; and Zachary Teran: vocals, bass.
Y La Bamba's Mendoza was born in San Francisco, California and was influenced by the traditional music of her Michoacan, Mexico born parents of Purépecha descent.
As a young adult, Mendoza studied theology in New Zealand, then later, while on a mission in India contracted a combination of intestinal infections that almost killed her.
Returning to Oregon—first Ashland, then Portland—she began writing the music that launched her solo career at open mic nights around town.
They recruited the rest of the band, a revolving group of musicians that has included, amongst others, Grace Bugbee on bass and vocals, John Niekrasz on drums, Ed Rodriguez and Ryan Oxford on electric guitar, and Margaret Wehr-Gibson on keys and vocals.
Y La Bamba toured, opening for Neko Case (a guest on the album's title track), and The Lumineers as well as made appearances at SXSW.
For the next four years, Mendoza played and sang in Tiburones and Los Hijos de la Montaña, a band co-fronted by Calexico's Sergio Mendoza.
To tour this album, she orchestrated a change that resulted in all new band members, including Ryan Oxford/vocals, guitar; Julia Mendiolea/vocals, keyboards; Miguel Jimenez-Cruz/drums; and Zachary Teran/vocals, bass with Isabeau Waiau-Walker occasionally adding more vocals.
In 2012, Y La Bamba did East Coast United States tour with The Lumineers, and made their debut on NPR World Cafe.
She moved to Guadalajara, Mexico, donned a traditional mariachi players’ suit for performances and promotion, and continued to make music with lo-fi percussion and guitar, yet moved in a more experimental direction.
Incontinence clamps for men are applied to compress the urethra to compensate for the malfunctioning of the natural urinary sphincter, preventing leakage from the bladder with minimal restriction of blood flow.
A penis clamp comprises a pair of elastic jaw members having a distal end and form a clamshell-type of restraint, being able to be opened and closed by the patient to release and contain urine at the will of the patient.
The inner surface warps around the penis with a cushioned easily disinfected clamp that is hinged at one end and provides adjustable tension to prevent unwanted urinary flow from the bladder.
They are most commonly made from stainless steel and plastic on the outer surface and silicone or rubber on the inner surface.
Men with urinary incontinence patients are generally left with a choice between multiple forms of management of this illness: surgery, collecting systems, absorbent products, intermittent catheters, indwelling catheters, or penile compression devices.
Penile compression devices such as penis clamps shown to cause a significant reduction in incontinence, however long-term use of these devices has the risk of complications, such as pain, urethral erosion, obstruction, and edema.
There is evidence that prolonged use of penis clamps compromise tissue and blood flow and promote the development of inflammatory response because of the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
However, none of the PCDs cause sustained irritation or impaired blood flow, and generally, patients yield good recovery around 40 minutes after the removal of the devices.
San Marcellino is a Renaissance-style, once Roman Catholic but now deconsecrated church located on strada del Collegio dei Nobili in Parma, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
The construction was led by the rector Gabrielle Lalatta, but the architectural designs are attributed to Giorgio da Erba (or perhaps Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane).
It is currently best known as the home club of Team Niklas Edin, which holds a record of winning four World Curling Championship titles and seven European Curling Championship titles.
It was also the home club of one of the most successful women's curling teams of all time, skipped by Elisabeth Högström.
The team skipped by Högström won Sweden's first women's World Curling Championship gold medal, in addition to two World Curling Championship silver medals and four European Curling Championship gold medals.
The first to achieve notoriety on the global stage was skipped by Elisabeth Högström, who won Sweden's first women's World Championship gold medal in curling in 1981, along with Carina Olsson, Birgitta Sewik and Karin Sjögren.
Högström also skipped teams to four European Curling Championship gold medals and won the silver medal in the curling exhibition at the Olympics in 1988.
Anette Norberg also skipped the Karlstads CK team of Cecilia Östlund, Sara Carlsson, Liselotta Lennartsson, and Karin Rudström to a World Championship gold medal in 2011.
Karlstads CK is also the home club for Team Niklas Edin, which holds the record for having the most World Curling Championships and most European Curling Championship gold medals held by a single team.
Team Niklas Edin is also the first non-Canadian team to win three Grand Slams in the Grand Slam of Curling and the only non-Canadian men's team to win the Pinty's Cup.
Before Team Edin, the team of Connie Östlund, Per Lindeman, Carl von Wendt and Bo Andersson was the first team from Karlstads CK to win a World Championship medal, taking the bronze in 1984.
Other successful curling Karlstads CK teams representing Sweden at the World Championships include teams skipped by Kjell Grengmark, Dan-Ola Eriksson, and Sören Grahn.
Sweden's men's team, skipped by Niklas Edin, won the gold medal, while the women's team from Skellefteå, skipped by Margaretha Sigfridsson, took the bronze medal.
The Sri Lanka A cricket team toured India from in May and June 2019 to play two First-class matches and 6 List-A matches.
India A won the First-class series by 2–0 while the List-A series was drawn 2–2 after 2 games ended in no result.
The series aims to help singletons find their love interest by setting them on dates with their potential partner's closest friends and families.
Like her national teammates Fan Feifei, Wang Ruixue, and Ju Zhen, Fan started playing the sport under coach Wang Jinqin at the Weifang School of the Blind in Weifang, Shandong.
United Grand Lodge of Russia (UGLR) - traditional Masonic Grand Lodge in Russia, uniting 11 lodges in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
According to the materials of the Masons dictionary, Doctor of Historical Sciences Sergey Karpachev, RGRL began to seek recognition of the United Grand Lodge of England and the Anglo-Saxon Grand Lodge.
After the release of the members of the GLR, they held a meeting with the members of the Russian Grand Regular Lodge, during which it was decided to unite and choose their name - the Grand Lodge of Russia.
On October 11, 2008, at its solemn assembly, under the patronage of the Grand Lodge of France, the United Grand Lodge of Russia was established.
The United Grand Lodge of Russia was granted a patent of the Grand Lodge of France for the right to carry out work on the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.
Representatives of various professions are in the composition of the UGLR lodges: scientists, military, businessmen, creative workers, teachers, doctors, employees, priests of all ages and all kinds of political convictions and religious views.
Knowing each other from film school in Savannah, Muller and Matthews started the project Teen Dreamz in 2013, which acted as a precursor to Boy Harsher.
Boy Harsher is often labeled as a dark wave group, with influences ranging from early forms of industrial to electronic body music.
Boy Harsher draws heavily from cinema, theatrics and graphic design to tailor the band's visual imagery; Matthews and Muller both have a background in filmmaking.
Matthews has expressed appreciation for various female vocalists, including Nico, Circuit des Yeux, Alison Lewis of Linea Aspera, Chelsea Wolfe and Zola Jesus, whereas Muller named Sleep Chamber, Suicide, DAF and Yello as early musical influences on Boy Harsher.
The release is a two-disc format with Disc 1 being the DVD of the show, and Disc 2 being the live album of the same show, and is the 10th release on Mick Moss' record label Music In Stone.
It is an audio-visual recording of an (up until its release) unique live performance of Antimatter accompanied by a string quartet.
It consists of mainly songs from 'Planetary Confinement', 'Leaving Eden' and 'The Judas Table', as well as Moss' long-standing acoustic version of Frankie Goes To Hollywoods' 'The Power of Love'.
Ferdinand Paul Leo Weinke (born 26 January 1995) is a German field hockey player who plays as a defender for Uhlenhorst Mülheim and the German national team.
Bloch, Grace Hopper, and Robert Campbell were the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I, an electromechanical computer which, when it began operation in 1944, was the first American programmable computer.
Bloch was born in Rochester, New York, on June 18, 1921, and grew up there, being graduated from Benjamin Franklin High School.
He then immediately joined the Navy, as World War II was in progress, and was assigned to the Naval Research Institute.
The Harvard Mark I became operational in 1944, and was used for war work, including computation of ballistic tables, Bessel tables for electronics and other applications, and calculations used by the Manhattan Project for development of the atomic bomb.
Compilers and even assemblers had not yet been invented, so all programming was done in machine code punched into paper tape.
Grace Hopper called Bloch the Mozart of the computer due to his ability to write a program in ink and have it run the first time.
Bloch and Campbell kept notebooks in which they wrote out pieces of code that had been checked out and were known to be correct.
Grace Hopper just copied Bloch's routine into her own program when needed, rather than using the (slow) sine unit built into the machine.
Later, these subroutines were stored on separate paper tape rolls, although branching to one of these separate paper tapes and returning to the main program was done manually by human operators.
He then worked for Raytheon on development of the RAYDAC, then became general manager of Raytheon's computer division, and later vice president for technical operations at Honeywell, vice president for corporate development at the Auerbach Corporation, vice president of the advanced systems division of General Electric, and chairman and chief executive of the Artificial Intelligence Corporation and the Meiko Scientific Corporation.
Made primarily of gold, it is the eighth bulla discovered to date in Britain and Ireland, and only the second in Britain.
The Shropshire pendant is decorated with an intricately carved geometric design, embellished with tiny triangles consisiting of evenly spaced diagonal lines.
In May 2018, the Shropshire Finds Liaison Officer, Peter Reavill, received a phone call from a metal detectorist who had discovered a spectacular find.
The name of the landowner and metal detectorist, and the location, are unnamed to protect the findspot and potential archaeological artefacts.
In viewing photographs of the intricately carved, gold pendant, Reavill's first thought was that the pendant was the missing Irwell bulla, which had been found in the Manchester Ship Canal in 1772.
The Shropshire bulla is only the second bulla to be discovered in England and the eighth bulla found to date in Britain and Ireland.
It is currently at the British Museum where is it being analyzed by the Department of Scientific Research and Neil Wilkin, museum curator of the European Bronze Age.
Gardner earned his Bachelor of Arts from Howard University in 1969, and his Juris Doctor from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri in 1971.
President George H. W. Bush nominated Gardner on January 4, 1991, to a fifteen-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Annice M. Wagner.
At the start of the Third Republic, it embodied a radical-republican tendency and as such was highly contested by the French government.
The newspaper, which benefited from the law of 11 May, 1868 on freedom of press, was founded on the initiative of Victor Hugo on the eve of the general elections of 1868.
In 2012 and 2013, he attempted to represent Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest with his band Electric Fence, finishing in second place on both occasions.
Having signed a record deal with native label Global Records since, he is best known for collaborating with artists such as Andra, Inna, Selena Gomez, Alicia Keys and Adam Lambert.
Born on 9 July 1989 in Oradea, Ciente discovered his musical passion and talent at a young age, taking classical piano lessons at the age of nine.
As a teenager, Ciente was the keyboard player in a local rock band, and later joined fellow local project Danger with which he had concerts in Romania and abroad.
She was a hospital chaplain at Thurrock from 1998 to 2009; and Bishop's Adviser on Women's Ministry from 2008 until her appointment as Archdeacon.
Óscar Haret Ortega Gatica (born 19 May 2000) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a defender for Liga MX side Club América.
On 24 March 2018, Ortega's debut with Mexican side Club América came on a friendly game coming in as a sub on the 68th minute for Enrique Cedillo against Club Tijuana.
On 18 January 2020, Ortega made his official Liga MX debut playing the full match for Club América against Tigres UANL after it was announced that Bruno Valdez was ineligible to start the match due to injury.
She attended the Croydon School of Art and the Westminster Technical Institute before studying model making at Chelsea Polytechnic from 1906 to 1911.
During her time at Chelsea Browne won several prizes for her drawing and figure work and had, in 1908, her first work exhibited at the Royal Academy in London.
Browne produced figures, medallions and statuettes in bronze and plaster and, after taking a pottery course at the Putney School of Art in 1919, began producing earthenware figures.
Browne continued to exhibit at the Royal Academy and elsewhere, notably in Manchester and Glasgow with the Royal Hibernian Academy and the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts.
She was elected a member of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters, Sculptors and Gravers in 1929 and a member of the Society of Women Artists in 1930.
The de Cantilupe family which came to England at some time after the Norman Conquest of 1066 originated at one of several similarly named manors in Normandy, from which they took their name: Canteloup in Calvados, east of Caen or Chanteloup in Bréhal, Manche, or Canteloup in Manche east of Cherbourg on the tip of the Cherbourg Penninsula.
The de Cantilupe family of Greasley was a junior branch of a prominent Anglo-Norman family, descended from Sir Nicholas de Cantilupe (d.1266) who married Eustachia FitzHugh, heiress of Greasley.
Sir Nicholas was the 5th and youngest son of William II de Cantilupe (d.1251), 2nd feudal baron of Eaton Bray in Bedfordshire, steward of the household to King Henry III (whose own father William I de Cantilupe (died 1239) had been steward of the household to King John, father of Henry III).
Sir Nicholas's uncle was Walter de Cantilupe (1195-1266), Bishop of Worcester and his elder brother was Thomas de Cantilupe (1220-1282), Chancellor of England, Bishop of Hereford, who was canonised as a saint in 1320.
The senior line died out in the male line in 1273 on the death of the 22 year-old George de Cantilupe (1251-1273), 4th feudal baron of Eaton Bray, Lord of Abergavenny, who had inherited vast Welsh estates from his mother Eva de Briouze.
In 1349, long after the extinction of the senior line of the family, it was Nicholas de Cantilupe, 3rd Baron Cantilupe (c.1301-1355) of Greasley, who hosted the important ceremony in Hereford Cathedral of translating the relics of his great-uncle Saint Thomas de Cantilupe into the new shrine prepared for them.
He married Eve de Boltby, heiress of Boltby and of Ravensthorpe Castle within that manor, and is believed to be represented by the heavily restored recumbent effigy of a knight in Felixkirk Church, adjacent to Ravensthorpe Castle in Yorkshire (alternatively John de Walkyngham (d.1284)).
He was succeeded by his eldest son by Eve de Boltby, namely William de Cantilupe, 2nd Baron Cantilupe (1293-c.1321), who was involved in the murder of Piers Gaveston, favourite of King Edward II, and in 1313 begged on his knees for the forgiveness of that king, after which he relinquished his estates to his younger brother.
He was buried in Lincoln Cathedral where survives his severely mutilated recumbent effigy on a chest tomb, displaying the sculpted arms of Cantilupe of Greasley.
He died without issue when his heir became his younger brother William de Cantilupe (1344-1375), murdered by his cook and squire, possibly at the behest of his wife Maud Neville, which murder became a celebrated criminal lawsuit, see Murder of William de Cantilupe.
Faïçal Laraïchi (1961–present) is president of the Moroccan Olympic Committee and president of the Société National de la Radio Télévision (SNRT).
The 1961 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1961 NCAA University Division baseball season.
The Longhorns reached the College World Series, but were eliminated after losing their first two games to Southern California and .
In March 2018, it was announced Wunmi Mosaku, Sope Dirisu had joined the cast of the film, with the lawsuit not going forward and The Weinstein Company no longer attached.
His work is often experimental, interactive, and inclusive of other media, and is sometimes derived from technological innovations such as an EEG machine and a cymascope.
In 1995, he collaborated with fellow students at Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) to create the world’s largest painting.
O’Neal’s work includes public and private commissions, museum exhibitions, and numerous group and solo exhibitions at galleries throughout the United States.
Born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1967, O’Neal earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Illustration and his Master of Fine Arts (MFA) in Painting, both at Savannah College of Art and Design.
O'Neal is a classically-trained painter whose work is often highly experimental, incorporating his interest in science and in creating interactive experiences for the viewer.
He applies the paint to a sanded down mirror, and the viscosity of the paint formula creates textured surfaces that reflect anything in front of them with varying degrees of clarity.
O’Neal took images of all the paintings he was bringing to the exhibition and made a slide show video, which he watched on a continual loop while wearing the EEG head gear.
The painting machine then created a single painting from his response to viewing the images, in the form of electrical frequencies.
This painting was then mounted on a boat and floated down a portion of the French Broad River in Marshall, North Carolina, where the mirrored paint would catch reflections of the landscape along the river bank.
Several of O’Neal’s public works were created with the use of a self-built cymascope, an instrument that captures standing-wave patterns in water created by the vibrational frequency of specific sounds.
O’Neal recorded the resonant frequency of the empty theatre space and recreated the cymatic image onto an entire wall within the lobby.
He recorded various sounds from within city buses and bus facilities and used the cymascope to create visual translations of each sound.
Due to time and budget constraints, the work was created with 3M chrome film that simulates the reflective quality of O’Neal’s mirrored paint, causing the appearance of the work to change with the appearance of the sky.
As part of his MFA thesis exhibition at SCAD in 2016, O’Neal reprogrammed an arcade roller coaster simulator to follow a paint brush as it moves across the painting surface, as though it were the track of a roller coaster.
The brush strokes were filmed in a first-person perspective as the painting was created, and the footage was then synchronized with the movements of the roller coaster simulator.
O’Neal’s work includes public commissions from the Bechtler Museum of Modern Art, the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Center, and the Hanesbrands Theatre in the Milton Rhodes Center for the Arts.
He has exhibited work at The Rose Art Museum at Brandeis University, the North Carolina Museum of Art, and the Santa Fe Art Institute; as well as galleries throughout the southeastern U.S., California, and Hong Kong.
Ante Jozić (born 16 January 1967) is a Croatian priest of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1999.
Though named an apostolic nuncio and titular archbishop in 2019, injuries suffered in a traffic accident prevented him from being consecrated and taking up his post.
He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 July 1999 and worked at the apostolic nunciatures in India, the Russian Federation, and the Philippines, and for ten years in Hong Kong as head of the Holy See Study Mission for China.
His episcopal consecration, scheduled for 1 May, was postponed after Jozić was seriously injured in a car accident in Croatia on 7 April.
While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1841.
Batting twice in the match, he ended Oxford's first-innings of 157 all out unbeaten on 5, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 23 runs by Henry Walker.
Upon graduating from Oxford he took holy orders in 1848, taking his first ecclesiastical post as curate of North Cove, Suffolk from 1848–49.
He moved to Brussels in 1850, where he was a chaplain until 1856, marrying Emily Georgina Daveney at Antwerp during his first year in Belgium.
Returning to England, he took up the post of curate at St Mary-the-Less in Lambeth in 1859, before becoming the chaplain of St Peter’s Home, Brompton from 1863–68.
Roy Allan Melanson (born February 13, 1937) is an American serial killer and rapist, conclusively linked to three murders and numerous rapes in three states, and remains the prime suspect in at least two other murders.
Melanson was convicted of two 1974 murders, for which he received two life sentences, and is currently incarcerated at the La Vista Correctional Facility, in Pueblo, Colorado.
Hailing from Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, Melanson was a drifter and con artist who spent a majority of his life in various prisons.
Some of his earliest offenses include burglaries and rapes in Orange and Jefferson County, Texas, for the latter of which he was given 12 years imprisonment, but served only half of it.
However, it was reduced, and he was released in March 1988, a few months before the murder of one suspected victim.
She was last seen alive on July 10, 1974, tending to the bar, which was near closing hours, as one stranger was still hanging around the premises.
Anita had been raped, her clothes ripped through, stabbed 13 times with a screwdriver, in addition to having her throat slashed.
The killer had left several clues behind - a cigarette butt in an ashtray, a partial bloody fingerprint on a rear staircase, fingerprints on a bottle and an open cash register.
However, Matthews' car broke down while on the road, just as Michelle Wallace (referred to in some sources as 'Michele French'), who was returning from a backpacking trip, drove by.
Wallace's disappearance became a cold case, and remained as such until one county sheriff decided to re-open it in the early 1990s.
Not long after, Michelle's remains were found off a remote mountain road, but it couldn't be determined how exactly she had died.
A suspected victim of Melanson, the 51-year-old Klumpp was renting a home to Roy, his ex-wife and her new boyfriend in the Port Acres area of Port Arthur, Texas.
One day in 1988, she asked Melanson for help with her air conditioner, as well as to pick up a TV from the trio.
Klumpp's then-husband, who was staying in a motel for his out-of-town job in Galveston, regularly travelled to ensure that Pauline was alright.
Scott Gaspard, who is in charge of solving Klumpp's cold case, has said that Melanson had been the prime suspect since the very beginning.
Jannise, who had previously aided with locating remains in Mississippi and Canada, described the scenery in an astonishingly accurate manner, including details only police officials knew about.
While hanging around a laundromat, he overheard 24-year-old Charlotte Sauerwin gossiping about how long it was taking for her fiancé, Vincent LeJeune, to save money so they could buy land for a home.
When the other people left the laundromat, Melanson attacked her, viciously raping and torturing Sauerwin, before eventually strangling and cutting her throat.
He then tied a strap around her neck, dragging the body all the way near the couple's shed, where he dumped it.
Melanson was found to be in possession of her car and other items, including her camera, which showed him posing with a yet-unidentified teenager.
He was brought to trial, convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for her murder, based on hair evidence collected from her scalp.
It wasn't until 2000, when a newly-enacted federal law obliged him to submit his DNA for testing, when authorities got a chance to solve the other murders.
DNA evidence connected him to both Andrews and Sauerwin's murders in 2010, but he was only tried for the former's in 2011, receiving another life imprisonment term.
Since then, law enforcement agencies around the country started reviewing their cold cases, with the hope that they could connect Melanson to any further crimes.
Roy has thus far been uncooperative with police, and has repeatedly tried to apply for parole before the Colorado Supreme Court, without success.
Hummel Fest is an international music festival of pieces written by Johann Nepomuk Hummel which was founded as a commemoration of this composer on the occasion of his 240th birth anniversary on initiative of a pianist Krisztina Gyöpös It comprises concerts and other events, such as courses, masterclasses, ballet performances, selection of opera and exhibitions.
The first year of the festival was organised in 2018, when eminent artists from Bratislava, Vienna, Weimar, Hamburg, Budapest, The Hague, Soul, Zürich and students and teachers from different universities presented themselves to the audience.
The festival began with an opening concert on 11 August 2018 in the Primate's Palace in Bratislava and the last event held in Bratislava took place on 6 November.
The first year of the festival was concluded by a series of concerts and events in Weimar from 6 to 9 December.
Following the death of his father Sir Henry Atkins, 4th Baronet he became the 5th Atkins baronet of Clapham, at the age of just two years old.
Latchmere Recreation Ground is a public open space with playing fields and a children's playground in the north of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames.
Latchmere Recreation Ground is located in the Tudor ward of the Canbury area of Kingston, on flat ground at the bottom of the hill that rises within nearby Richmond Park less than 400m to the east.
The River Thames and Canbury Gardens lie approximately half a kilometre to the west and Ham Common a similar distance to the north.
It is set in a suburban residential area bounded by Latchmere Road to the south, Latchmere Lane to the west, Aldersbrook Drive to the east and the rear of houses on Tudor Drive to the north.
The space is enclosed within a metal fence with the main pedestrian and maintenance vehicle access gates at the south-western corner at the junction of Latchmere Road and Latchmere Lane.
Other pedestrian gates are located at the south-east and north-west corners and mid-way along the western side from which a gravel path leads to the south-east corner.
Another pedestrian gate provides access from opposite Latchmere Infant School mid-way along the southern side and another from the end of Cranleigh Gardens on the north-east.
The traversing footpath and the perimeter are lined with rows of trees which merge with a small wooded area along the northern border.
The playing field space is usually laid out to five football pitches overlapped by a central cricket pitch which is less frequently used.
A modern children's playground occupies the south east corner opposite Latchmere Primary School and St Agatha's RC Primary School to the south.
A small pavilion near to the playground was converted for general community use but was declared unsafe and demolished in 2008.
The manor was purchased by the Tollemache family in the early 19th-century, returning ownership to the Earl of Dysart's estate centred around Ham House.
The Tollemaches sold much of this area of north Kingston and southern Ham for piecemeal housing development during the late 1800s and made provision for recreation grounds in the area.
The field that became Latchmere Recreation Ground was used for cricket and a nearby area south of Latchmere Road on the Richmond Road was an athletics and rugby ground before becoming the home of Kingstonian F.C.
The site was included in of southern Ham transferred to the Municipal Borough of Kingston when Ham Urban District was abolished in 1933.
A high-explosive bomb fell near the site during the Blitz and in 1944 a V-1 flying bomb landed in the recreation ground, damaging nearby Latchmere School.
A study conducted in 2011 identified a deficit of public playing field facilities in the area close to Kingston town centre, highlighting the relative importance of the site.
In 2017 a community group, 'Friends of Latchmere Recreation Ground' (FoLaR) have formed to support the use and development of the site.
Plans for improving the natural environmental facilities by building a wildlife pond and possibly re-exposing part of the culverted Latchmere Stream have been proposed.
Latchmere Recreation Ground or Latchmere Park is a public open space with a children's playground in Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth.
Latchmere Recreation Ground is a slightly humped, quadrilateral-shaped area mostly laid out to amenity grass with trees and intermittent shrub beds around the perimeter and specimen trees in the interior.
Pedestrian access is via gateways opposite St James' Grove mid-way on the northern side which leads via a wide footpath to another due south on Burns Road.
This path intersects the other at a wide circular paved space then curves south to a second gateway further west on Burns Road.
Dr. Sushil Vachani is a former Director of Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore and a former Professor of Strategy and Policy at the Questrom School of Business of Boston University.
Dr. Vachani received his doctorate in International Business from the Harvard Business School in 1985, a Post Graduate Diploma in Management from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad in 1976, and a Bachelor of Technology from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1973.
The General Diamond Workers' Association of Belgium (, ADB; ) was a trade union representing workers in the diamond trade in Belgium.
Unlike many unions, it did not affiliate to the Belgian Workers Party, although almost all of its leading members were active in the party.
A group of members who wanted to work closely with the party split away in 1911, but after Louis Van Berckelaer was elected as leader of the ADB in 1912, he reunified the groups.
The union set up the Universal Alliance of Diamond Workers in 1905, and shared its headquarters with this small international trade secretariat.
The union gradually expanded into unionising diamond workers in the countryside, and in 1929 it set up De Daad, the most modern diamond cutting factory in Belgium at the time.
It affiliated to the General Federation of Belgian Labour, and membership peaked in 1955 at 12,304, then declined to only 2,694 by 1992.
At the start of 1994, it merged with the Union of Belgian Textile Workers and the Union of Clothing Workers and Kindred Trades in Belgium, to form the Textile-Clothing-Diamond Union.
The images and idol belong to tirthankaras and mother goddess ambika and panels of yaksha and yakshi displayed in basement panel.
The temple also houses belongings of acharya vallabh suri including acharya's clothes, utensils, denture and inkwell showcased along with Jain images and panels.
Fraser was born in Teddington and studied at the Birmingham School of Art, moved to the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London and then to the Westminster School of Art before finishing her studies at the Edinburgh College of Art where she studied under Eric Schilsky.
As well as having solo exhibitions in both London and Edinburgh, Fraser was a member of, and exhibited regularly with, the Society of Portrait Sculptors and also showed works at the Royal Academy.
It is found in the tropical West Indo-Pacific region, having a disjunct range, with the main population in island groups in the western Indian Ocean, and a separate population in the Philippines.
This species grows to a length of , has a characteristic body shape and a distinctive pattern of long tube feet on its dorsal surface, giving it a furry appearance; it is dappled or roughly barred in some shade of brown and white.
It has since been recorded in Mauritius, and there have been two records from the Philippines, Talikud Island in the south and Siquijor Island in the central Philippines.
It occurs in shallow water and is usually associated with reefs and reef slopes, but can occur on areas of soft sediment.
Surveys of sea cucumbers elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific region have not brought up sightings in the area between Mauritius and the Philippines.
Like other members of its genus, it probably does not use cuvierian tubules in self-defence, instead the tissues contain saponins, called holothurin, which may cause a fatal hemolysis in fish and other predatory organisms.
Individuals are either male or female, and in the breeding season, group together, raising themselves as high as possible to release their gametes into the sea.
Fertilisation takes place in the water column and the developing embryo passes through a free-swimming auricularia and a doliolaria stage before settling on the seabed and undergoing metamorphosis into a juvenile.
Although other members of its genus are gathered in the area for human consumption, this species does not seem to among them.
He represented Brazil at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 100 metres T38 event in 2016.
Following the death of his older brother Sir Henry Atkins, 5th Baronet in 1742 he became the 6th and last Atkins baronet of Clapham, at the age of 14 but did not receive the estates from the trustees until coming of age in 1749.
Sigvald Berg (November 15, 1894 - December 4, 1985) was an American architect who designed many buildings in the state of Montana, especially Helena.
Jermaine Samuels Jr. (born November 13, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Villanova Wildcats of the Big East Conference.
Samuels attended The Rivers School, where he was coached by Andrew Mirken, as well as playing AAU ball for Expressions Elite.
Samuels averaged 17.5 points and 12.1 rebounds per game as a senior and was named First team All-USA Massachusetts by USA Today.
He rejoined the rotation in February 2018 but struggled to play consistent minutes and did not play in NCAA Tournament victories over West Virginia and Texas Tech.
Samuels scored 15 points in a 56-55 win against top-ranked Kansas on December 21, 2019, including a three-pointer with 20.5 seconds remaining.
In the summer of 2019, Samuels was a part of the United States National team who competed at the Pan American Games in Peru.
John Suter is a retired American sled dog racer most notable for having mushed standard poodles in various sled races, including the Iditarod.
His use of poodles led directly to new and current Iditarod rules that stipulate what breeds of dogs are qualified to race.
Suter bought a number of standard poodles and raised them side by side with huskies in order to prepare them as sled dogs.
Suter claims that the advantage of mushing poodles is that they will notice if the musher falls of the sled, turn around, and retrieve their driver.
The 2010 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the 4th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom.
The striker already played as a 12-year-old in the U17 team of Borussia Dortmund and for the German U16 national team.
Moukoko played in the U13 of FC St. Pauli from 2014 to 2016 and scored 23 goals in 13 games as a striker.
Moukoko moved up to the U19s for the 2019/20 season at the age of 14, scoring six goals in his first match in the Under 19 Bundesliga in a 9-2 win against Wuppertaler SV.
He completed his first UEFA Youth League match on 17 September 2019 against FC Barcelona, becoming the youngest player to be fielded in this competition.
In a game against Inter Milan, the striker scored the 1-0 goal on 23 October of the same year, making him the youngest scorer in the Youth League.
According to the current DFB statutes, a compulsory match in the Bundesliga is possible from the 2021/22 season at the earliest.
Moukoko played for the German U16 national team for the first time on September 11, 2017 in a 3-1 victory over Austria.
Two days later, in his second match against the same opponent, he scored both goals for Germany in a 2-1 victory.
In order to protect Moukoko from too much media attention, the BVB and DFB decided not to continue using him in selected teams for the time being.
The question of whether his age is true or not is a matter of public debate and has been the subject of intense debate in the German sports press.
Moukoko's father repeatedly pointed out the authenticity of his son's birth certificate in numerous interviews and is proved by official documents.
In the first ten years of his life, Moukoko grew up with his grandparents in Cameroon's capital Yaoundé in an area, which was predominantly Muslim.
His father (* 1951), who has lived in Hamburg as a German citizen since the 1990s, brought his son to Germany in the summer of 2014.
Ilona Szabó de Carvalho (born May 31, 1978) is a Brazilian political scientist and civic entrepreneur, co-founder and executive director of the Igarapé Institute.
Since its founding in 2011, the Institute has developed pioneering research, new technologies and policy on the intersections of security, climate and development.
With headquarters in Rio de Janeiro, Igarapé is today ranked as one of the leading think tanks in the world and works with governments, the private sector and civil society to co-design data-driven partnerships and solutions to complex challenges.
Ilona is a globally recognized thought leader on issues of civic action, drug policy and violence prevention and reduction and has extensive experience leading national and global networks.
Between 2011 and 2016 she was the executive coordinator of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, a network of former presidents, entrepreneurs and public intellectuals.
During her tenure she was responsible for helping shape global strategy with former presidents, supreme court justices, business and world leaders, including Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Cesar Gaviria, Richard Branson and the former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan.
Since 2015, she has been a Young Global Leader at the World Economic Forum and a Responsible Leader at the BMW Foundation.
She is the co-founder of the AGORA movement that aims to shape and help implement a new vision and public policy agenda in Brazil, and she has launched a number of expert networks.
In 2018 she was awarded the order of merit of Public Security, from the Brazilian Ministry of Public Security and the Office of the President of Brazil.
Between 2008 and 2011, she was the civil society liaise for the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, working with diplomats and grass-roots organizations around the world.
In the mid-2000s while working for the NGO Viva Rio, Ilona coordinated one of the world’s largest disarmament campaigns and helped shape a national referendum to ban the sale of handguns to Brazilian citizens.
She earned a Master’s Degree in International Studies at the Peace and Conflict Studies Department from the University of Uppsala in Sweden, a specialist degree in International Development, from the Oslo University and a Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations.
She has joined several executive courses, such as in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century at the Kennedy School at Harvard, Transformational Leadership at the Said Business School at Oxford University and a Management Course on Disarmament, Demobilization & Reintegration (DDR) at the Swedish National Defense College, Stockholm.
Ilona Szabó serves on the board of the Drug Policy Alliance and of the Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI), on the advisory board of the Young Global Leaders of the World Economic Forum and presides the Public Security Council of the Rio de Janeiro State Industry Federation (FIRJAN).
She was a mentor of the Columbia Women's leadership network in Brazil, served as an international jurist for the Bloomberg Mayors Challenge in Latin America and for the MacArthur’s Foundation $100 million dollar initiative – 100&Change.
In early 2019, Ilona was nominated by Brazilian Minister of Justice and Public Security Sérgio Moro to a voluntary advisory position at the Brazilian National Council for Criminal and Penitentiary Policy, a consulting board which conducts assessments of the penitentiary system, proposes criminal policy guidelines and do inspections of penal establishments, among other duties.
Due to massive attacks by extremists supporters of the Brazilian far-right government on social media, Ilona was removed from the council by the minister on the order of President Jair Bolsonaro.
Ilona has a daughter and is married to Robert Muggah, a Canadian political scientist, urban specialist and co-founder of the Igarapé Institute.
Sakharam Ganesh Pandit (1875-1959), known as S. G. Pandit, was an Indian-American lawyer who successfully argued against US government efforts to remove the citizenship of Asian-Americans, including his own.
Born in Ahmedabad, British India to a Brahmin family, Pandit received both an undergraduate and a doctoral degree from universities in India.
Moving to the United States in 1906, Pandit initially made a living as a spiritual teacher in the tradition of Swami Vivekenanda, lecturing on topics such as the esoteric meanings of the life of Jesus.
The case stretched on for nine months, but Pandit was granted citizenship by the ruling of Judge Willis Morrison over the Bureau's objection, accepting his designation as white.
Subsequently, Pandit became a lawyer and was admitted to the California bar, as well as being admitted to the federal bar to argue appeals before the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
As a result of his marriage, Pandit was disinherited by his family in India and lost his right to an inheritance of property in India.
The Court found that Thind, a high-caste Indian, was ineligible for United States citizenship because he did not qualify as white, despite Thind and Pandit's arguments to the contrary.
Pandit, a skilled lawyer, argued that under the doctrine of equitable estoppel, he would be irreversibly harmed by the revocation of his American citizenship, which he had reasonably relied upon - he would become stateless, lose his property and law license, and his wife would lose her citizenship as well.
In 1948, the Luce-Cellar Act removed racial qualifications for naturalization under United States law, although it set strict nationality-based quotas that limited immigration from many predominantly non-white countries.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The 2019 Arnold Strongman Classic was a strongman contest that took place in Ohio, Columbus on the 1st and 2nd of March 2019 at the Greater Columbus Convention Center.
The Arnold Strongman Classic is the finale of the Arnold Strongman Tour and is seen as one of the biggest and most prestigious strongmen events on the circuit.
To qualify for the Arnold Strongman Classic athletes have to either win a sanctioned event on the Arnold Classic Tour or gain enough points to be invited through a wildcard system.
The Food, Hospitality and Services Union (, HORVAL; ) is a trade union representing workers in the food and service sector in Belgium.
The union was founded in 1905 when the National Bakers' Federation merged with the National Confectioners' Federation, to form the National Food Federation.
In 1921, the Belgian Central Union of Landworkers also joined, followed by the Union of Belgian Cooks in 1925, and the Union of Personnel in the Hotel Industry in 1929.
The union was a founding constituent of the General Federation of Belgian Labour in 1945, and became known as the Union of Food and Hotel Workers.
The list is organized by region and country of the sponsoring organization, but some awards are open to women around the world.
South Dakota voted for the Republican nominee, Secretary of War William Howard Taft, over the Democratic nominee, former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan.
William Bryan had previously won South Dakota during his run against William McKinley in 1896 but would later lose the state McKinley four years later in 1900.
At the 2015 Parapan American Games held in Toronto, Canada she won the gold medal in the women's 100 metres T37 event.
For natural gas alone, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), a United States Department of Transportation agency, has collected data on more than 3,200 accidents deemed serious or significant since 1987.
PHMSA and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) post incident data, and results of investigations, into accidents involving pipelines that carry a variety of products, including natural gas, oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, carbon dioxide, and other substances.
Sir Hugh Bomford (12 August 1882 – 19 January 1939) was an English first-class cricketer and senior civil servant in the Indian Civil Service.
The son of Sir Gerald Bomford and Mary Florence Eteson, he was born in British India at Fort William in August 1882.
While studying at Oxford, Bomford played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against Surrey at The Oval in 1901.
He was appointed as excise commissioner for Central India in 1920, before serving as the settlement commissioner for Rewa between 1921–28.
Bomford was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1938 Birthday Honours, the same year in which he served as the acting governor of the Central Provinces and Berar, before being succeeded by Sir Francis Verner Wylie.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2011 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
For natural gas alone, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), a United States Department of Transportation agency, has collected data on more than 3,200 accidents deemed serious or significant since 1987.
PHMSA and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) post-incident data and results of investigations into accidents involving pipelines that carry a variety of products, including natural gas, oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, carbon dioxide, and other substances.
Football Club Bascome Bermuda is an Bermudian football club based in Bermuda, that plays in the American USL League Two Mid Atlantic Division.
On 22 January 2020, it was announced by USL League Two, the American semi-professional soccer league, that Bascome Bermuda would be joining the competition for the 2020 season.
The club was entered into USL League Two with the idea of providing a platform for young Bermudian footballers to eventually make it professionally.
In joining the league, Bascome Bermuda became the first club to participate in the United Soccer League's from Bermuda since Bermuda Hogges played in the league in 2012.
The first of a planned trilogy set to conclude the story of the original series, it is set for release in France on July 29, 2020.
While Arthur's former friend and companion Lancelot, under the influence of Méléagant, takes over Camelot and mercilessly hunts Arthur's former friends and allies.
Having spending an extended time on the verge of death at his mother's home in Tintagel after a failed suicide attempt, Arthur travels to his former home of Rome to escape the wrath of Lancelot, and progressively regains his health and will to live under the care of his first wife Aconia.
The first issue faced by Astier was the production company refusing to allocate him the rights to the series, leading to a legal battle.
Shortly after the announcement, fake job offers for extras appeared and were inaccurately relayed in the media as legitimate, with Astier shortly denying those claims.
On December 17, 2019, Christian Clavier, who portrayed the Jurisconsult in season five of the television series, confirmed that he would reprise his role in the film.
The film was originally meant to be released on October 14, 2020, but Astier announced on January 22, 2020, that it would be released on July 29 instead.
H. N. Black (August 1, 1854 - October 28, 1922) was an American architect who designed many buildings in the Western United States, including Washington, Idaho and Montana, some of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
It was designed in the Prairie School and American Craftsman styles by architect H. N. Black, and built by C. O. Jarl in 1908.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lose their respective ties will compete in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs will be relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 1994.
The 30th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in May, 1942, based on the 1st formation of the 238th Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.
However, it was not assigned as a unit to the Corps until August when it joined 33rd Army of Western Front and saw extensive fighting, while also suffering extensive casualties, in the summer campaign against the German 3rd Panzer Army in the southern sector of the Rzhev salient.
After leaving 7th Guards Corps the division was reassigned to several other armies in the Front until April, 1943 when it joined the 15th Guards Rifle Corps in 30th Army, which became 10th Guards Army the next month; it would remain under these commands for the duration of the war.
By December the 30th Guards had been redeployed to 2nd Baltic Front and during the summer and fall of 1944 it took part in the offensives through the Baltic states, winning a battle honor for its part in the liberation of Riga.
For the rest of the war the division remained in Latvia helping to contain the German forces trapped in the Courland Peninsula, eventually coming under command of Leningrad Front.
The 238th had been originally formed on March 14, 1941 at Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan in the Central Asia Military District, based on the 499th Reserve Rifle Regiment, and so began with personnel mostly of Kazakh nationality.
On May 3, 1942 it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in recognition of its leading role in taking the town of Aleksin from German 4th Army during the counteroffensive in front of Moscow and later the liberation of Kaluga.
Col. Andrei Danilovich Kuleshov remained in command of the division after redesignation; he would be promoted to the rank of major general on November 27.
It remained in this Army until August when it was reassigned to the 7th Guards Rifle Corps, along with 5th Guards and 17th Rifle Divisions, in 33rd Army.
In the planning for Western Front's summer offensive against the eastern face of the Rzhev salient at least one map-solution was prepared in June for a prospective offensive by 49th, 33rd and 5th Armies to seize Vyasma, although this came to nothing.
When the Army joined the offensive on August 13 it faced six German infantry regiments along the front line on its breakthrough sector but had only a 3.5:1 advantage in infantry and 1.6:1 in artillery, considerably less than the other Soviet armies involved, apart from 30th Army on the opposite end of the offensive front.
Given this relative weakness in force correlation and the fact that the main offensive had begun more than a week earlier, eliminating any element of surprise, the attack of 7th Guards Corps and the rest of 33rd Army soon faltered.
The Army resumed its offensive on August 24 and made some penetrations on 3rd Panzer's front, but these were soon contained.
From August 10 to September 15 the personnel losses of 33rd Army are listed as 42,327 killed, wounded and missing while gaining from 20-25km to the west and northwest.
In planning for this offensive Army Gen. G. K. Zhukov conceived a two-phase operation beginning against the northern part of the salient to be known as Operation Mars, with a subsequent phase to the south likely under the name of Operation Jupiter.
During October and November the German 9th Army noted a Soviet buildup in the sector east of Vyasma, including the 3rd Tank Army, two tank corps, and reinforcements for 5th Army, including 30th Guards.
Due to postponements Mars did not begin until November 25, at which time the start date for the second phase was tentatively set for December 1.
By then Mars was badly bogged down and although Zhukov continued to hope Jupiter could be implemented as late as December 9, on the 16th Stalin ordered the 3rd Tank Army to move south.
On the morning of December 11 it attacked with the 415th and 243rd Rifle Divisions on the Bolshoi Kropotovo - Podosinovka sector of the Vazuza bridgehead; this force advanced from 500 - 1,000m but was unable to take any of the fortified villages.
31st Army was the first to go on the pursuit and soon seized the first line of German trenches but then ran into serious resistance.
On March 22 three divisions of the Army attacked the prepared positions of the 337th Infantry Division at the base of the former salient but were soon brought to a standstill.
In April the division was reassigned to 30th Army, where it joined the 85th Guards Rifle Division to comprise the 15th Guards Rifle Corps.
In May, 30th Army was redesignated as 10th Guards Army; the 30th Guards would remain under the command of that Corps and Army for the duration of the war.
As a first echelon division the 30th Guards committed a battalion, reinforced with a few tanks and backed by artillery, to advance into the German security zone, which was 2-3km deep and held by platoon-sized outposts.
German resistance proved stiff and gave up little ground; much of the German fire plan was uncovered but at the cost of any remaining tactical surprise.
10th Guards was on the right, closer to Yelnya, with the 15th and 19th Guards Rifle Corps on a 10km-wide sector between Mazovo and Sluzna.
The German defense rested on the positions that had been built at the base of the Rzhev salient, and were occupied by the XII Army Corps.
15th Guards Corps, on the other hand, went into the attack some time later and began slowly pushing back the 499th Regiment of the 268th Infantry Division.
By the early afternoon the Front commander, Col. Gen. V. D. Sokolovskii, was becoming concerned about the inability of most of his units to advance.
While this was a questionable decision on some levels, it did lead to a battalion of the 499th Regiment being overrun near Kamenka.
Overall the German position on this first day remained tenable because the offensive was a series of localized attacks rather an all-out effort to overwhelm 4th Army.
The operation resumed at 0730 hours on August 8 after a 30-minute artillery preparation, but 19th Guards Corps continued to be held up by what amounted to a battalion.
Over the next three days the reinforced 10th Guards tried repeatedly to smash through the lines of XII Corps, particularly at Hill 233.3, as Army Group Center kept feeding in reinforcements from 9th Army to plug the weak spots.
Finally, with the help of 33rd Army, the German position was overcome and their forces began towards the Yelnya - Spas-Demensk railway late on August 11.
By the end of the next day lead elements of 10th Guards Army were approaching Pavlinovo and some had already reached the rail line.
Sokolovskii had been ordered to renew the drive by August 28 and it began at 0800 hours with a 90-minute artillery preparation across a 25km-wide front southeast of Yelnya on the sectors of 10th Guards, 33rd and 21st Armies.
10th Guards and 21st Army attacked towards Terenino station against Battle Group Vincenz which contested the advance for about eight hours before it was shattered and began falling back to the Ugra River.
On the 29th the 10th Guards mopped up the German remnants that had not made it over the Ugra before boldly pushing up the rail line towards Yelnya.
On August 30 the Army continued to make good progress, pushing back the 342nd Infantry Division with the 29th Guards Division and 119th Tank Regiment in the lead.
However, despite the German 4th Army being in dire straits, Sokolovskii's forces were again nearly out of fuel and ammunition; in addition nine of his rifle divisions were reduced to 3,000 men or less.
It recommenced at 0545 hours on September 15 with another 90-minute artillery attack against the positions of the IX Army Corps west of Yelnya; the Corps was assigned to hold a 40km-wide front with five decimated divisions.
At 1030 hours the 10th Guards Army struck the left flank of 330th Infantry Division with a mass of infantry and tanks, pushing back two battalions.
Through the day several small penetrations were made but at most only 3km were gained despite the right flank of IX Corps being mauled.
15th Guards Corps attacked the northern flank of 342nd Infantry just north of the Yelnya - Smolensk rail line but failed to make any substantive gains.
Nevertheless, at 1600 hours on September 16 the 4th Army commander, Col. Gen. G. Heinrici, ordered IX Corps to withdraw to the next defensive line.
After detecting the withdrawal, Sokolovskii issued orders for 10th Guards and 68th armies and most of his armor to pursue the left wing of IX Corps and approach Smolensk from the south.
While the Soviet troops were inspired by the prospect of a major victory at hand they were also nearing exhaustion and again low on supplies; Sokolovskii was forced to call a pause for a few days.
10th Guards Army played no role in this, having bypassed the city to the south, but was soon pulled out of the line to regroup.
On the same date the lead elements of 10th Guards Army reached positions from Lyady southward along the Mereya River to the town of Baevo.
In anticipation of an attack on October 3 the new Army commander, Lt. Gen. A. V. Sukhomlin, deployed his 15th Guards Corps north of 19th Guards Corps in first echelon, with 7th Guards Corps in reserve.
The Army's main attack sector was at the boundary between XXVII Army Corps' 18th Panzergrenadier Division and XXXIX Panzer Corps' 25th Panzergrenadier Division.
When the attack began as scheduled the division was reinforced by the 662nd and 188th Artillery, 317th Mortar and 132nd Antitank Artillery Regiments and spent four days assaulting the strong German defenses at Lyady before overcoming them on the night of October 8.
This maneuver, along with the advances of 31st and 68th Armies to the north, forced the two panzergrenadier divisions to begin a fighting withdrawal to the west.
The advance detachments of the Army reached the eastern approaches to Dubrovno, 15km east of Orsha, by the end of October 11.
A new offensive was to begin on October 12 led by assault groups formed by five of his armies, including 10th Guards.
These were to advance to the west from the region north and south of Baevo toward Orsha on a 15km-wide penetration sector.
General Sukhomlin deployed his Army with the 15th and 19th Guards Corps abreast; 15th Guards Corps was on the right wing with 85th Guards in first echelon and 30th Guards in second.
The attack began with an artillery preparation that lasted 85 minutes, but 10th Guards stalled almost immediately with severe losses and no appreciable gains.
The assault was renewed the next day after a short artillery fire raid, with the division being committed from second echelon, but with no better results against the German forces defending the villages of Lapyrevshchina and Arvianitsa, several kilometres northwest of Baevo.
While this sector was more heavily defended, General Sokolovskii calculated that the presence of the highway and the railway would ease resupply.
The Army was reinforced from 5th Army; 15th Guards Corps received a third division, and all the Front's divisions received personnel mobilized from the liberated territories which increased their strength to 4,000-4,500 men each.
The 15th and 19th Guards Corps both were deployed with one division in first echelon and the other two in second.
While this extensive regrouping produced a powerful shock group astride the highway and to its north and south, it also committed many units to attack on unfamiliar sectors which increased confusion in Soviet ranks.
31st Army struck the advance positions of the 197th Infantry Division, punched through, and was reinforced by 19th Guards Corps the next day.
Over the following days the 10th Guards Army managed to clear the German defenders from the bogs south of the Verkhita River but was finally halted at nightfall on October 26 well short of the rail station at Osintori; Sokolovskii now ordered a suspension of the offensive.
10th Guards and 31st armies had gained just 4-6km in five days of fighting at a cost of 4,787 killed and 14,315 wounded.
The 30th Guards was facing the 215th Infantry Regiment of the 78th Assault Division, still south of the Smolensk - Minsk highway.
A postwar account described the 10th Guards' offensive:In the face of heavy German counterattacks this proved to be the limit of the initial Soviet advance.
General Sukhomlin renewed the attack on November 17 with the 15th Guards Corps, in conjunction with the 70th Rifle Corps of 31st Army and supported by two brigades of 2nd Guards Tank Corps.
This split the boundary between the 78th Assault and 25th Panzergrenadiers and finally took the village of Novoe Selo, but again stalled.
Later that month it was transferred to 2nd Baltic Front in the Velikiye Luki region; this move began on December 8 and was completed by December 31 after covering 210km.
Sukhomlin requested two to three weeks to train and incorporate these new men, but the Army was ordered to return to action by January 14, 1944.
On January 18 General Kuleshov was moved to the position of deputy chief of staff of 2nd Baltic Front; he would eventually become the commander of 7th Guards Rifle Corps.
Col. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Isaev took over command of the division; he would be promoted to the rank of major general on June 3.
10th Guards Army had been deployed into the salient northwest of Nevel and south of Pustoshka, between the 3rd and 4th Shock Armies, with the intention of helping to eliminate the German-held salient north of Nevel with its base at Novosokolniki.
However, its deployment was delayed by the need to replenish its forces, while Army Group North surprised the Soviet command by beginning a phased withdrawal from the salient on December 29, which was completed six days later.
As of July 1 the 15th Guards Corps consisted of the 29th, 30th and 85th Guards Divisions, and the 30th was facing the defenses of the Panther Line along the Alolya River due east of Opochka.
One month later the division had advanced well west of that city and had crossed the border into Latvia in the vicinity of Kārsava.
The pace of the advance slowed over the next six weeks and by mid-September the 15th Guards Corps was located near Lubāna and Gulbene.
In the first days of October the division was north of the Daugava River on the approaches to Riga near Ogre.
It took part in the battle for the Latvian capital and was awarded its name as an honorific:Following this victory the division remained in Latvia and Lithuania for the duration of the war.
On November 6, General Isaev was given command of 15th Guards Corps and was replaced in command of the division by Lt. Col. Ivan Anisimovich Fadeikin, but on February 17, 1945 Isaev returned to his former command for the duration.
As of May 1 the 30th Guards was in the Kurland Group of Leningrad Front, helping to maintain the encirclement of the German forces in the Courland Pocket.
It remained in the Baltic states until the next year, when it was converted to the 30th Separate Guards Rifle Brigade.
Painted in an abstract style, the work depicts a white villa standing beside a red road winding into the mountains beyond.
The red road forms a diagonal across the painting and a row of green shapes, including the green letter R, form a second intersecting diagonal.
He has taught with the Social Science Center at National Chengchi University, served as an associate professor at Tamkang University, a visiting professor at Peking University, and a lecturer at Ryutsu Keizai University.
Tsai was elected to the First Legislative Yuan in 1987 and 1990, as a representative of what became the Lowland Aborigine Constituency, under the Kuomintang banner.
As a legislator, Tsai took a lead role in the review of indigenous welfare policies, and commented on biomedical research involving indigenous people.
In 2004, Tsai took part in protests that occurred after vice president Annette Lu commented on the origin of Taiwanese indigenous peoples, including a hunger strike.
The Taipei District Court issued a decision on Chen's lawsuit against Liu, Jaw, and Tsai in January 2006, ruling that Jaw was not guilty, but that Liu and Tsai had to publish public apologies in major Chinese-language newspapers.
She was commissioned and attached to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron One (MTBRon 1) under the command of Lt. William C. Specht and assigned to Pearl Harbor.
In May 1942, the squadron was reassigned to Lt. Clinton McKellar Jr. and tasked with the defense of Midway Island being lead by Marine Corps Colonel Harold D. Shannon.
The squadron made the 1,385 mile trip under their own power, then the longest made by PT boats to date refueling at Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals, and Lisianski Island.
After the battle, the squadron was sent to attack the remainder of the Japanese task force but was unable to locate the target.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2017 event featured seventeen professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on June 25, Tetsuya Endo earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Konosuke Takeshita.
He entered the first match of the series as the reigning King of Dark Champion and defeated Dai Suzuki in less than a minute to lose the title (per the rules of this championship, the title is awarded to the loser of the match).
After that, he defeated Gorgeous Matsuno but lost to Mad Paulie, former mixed martial artist Rocky Kawamura and Lingerie Mutoh in quick succession.
Nodoka was eliminated by Mizuki (1,271st champion) who was then eliminated by Yuu who won the match and became the 1,272nd champion.
Next, Harashima and Naomichi Marufuji challenged Shigehiro Irie and Kazusada Higuchi for the KO-D Tag Team Championship in a match sponsored by Uchicomi!.
The species was subsequently formally described by Leong, Yamane & Guénard in 2018, the species is only known from specimens collected from Macau by means of a Winkler extractor.
As of 29 January 2020, he and William Clark are the last two verified surviving aircrew of the Battle of Britain.
Boutier started playing golf at the age of 15 1/2 and studied one year at Bucknell University as an exchange student.
It is located in Kalimpong district, West Bengal, about 350 meters above the confluence of the Kalijora river Teesta River and in the 1.5 kilometer kiln of Teesta Bridge near Teesta Bazar village.
The project consists of a 45 m high dam with 4 penstocks of 45 m length and 7 m diameter each.
The surface power house with installed capacity of 160 MW houses 4 units of 40 MW capacity each designed to operate under the net rated head of 25.05 M and designed to generate 720 million units in a 90% dependable year with 95% machine availability.
Katherine Brucker is a career member of the U.S. Foreign Service who is Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM) at the U.S. Embassy in Cote d'Ivoire.
She was also DCM at the U.S. Embassy in Libreville, Gabon from 2014–2017, assuming the role of the Chargé d'Affaires upon the Ambassador's departure.
Fiza Hussain, known by her stage name Hareem Shah, is a Pakistani prostitute who became famous from her videos on TikTok.
The village, and the townland in which it is located, take their name from the Aughnacliffe Dolmen, a portal tomb which is located nearby.
There are a number of other megalithic sites in the area, and Sonnagh fort (a ringfort or rath) lies approximately 1.5km south of the village.
Nowzar had no more than three or four allies in the war, one of whom was the Qaren Ruler of Rey.
On the third night of the war, in consultation with the Iranians, Qaren with his army departed from Nowzar castle at night to save the royal family in Pars City.
The Decoration was changed into an Order on 16 December 1915 by King Carol I's nephew King Ferdinand I of Romania.
On 8 September 1940, the Order was abolished and replaced with the Order of St. George by King Ferdinand I's grandson King Michael I.
Although intended to honour Civilians, military figures, and foreigners with achievements in the fields of Culture, Science, Industry, Agriculture and also Services to the King, the Decoration was barely bestowed.
The Decoration transformed into an Order under the reign of King Carol I's nephew King Ferdinand I on 16 December 1915.
George Mu (born 1943 San Francisco) is an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Côte d’Ivoire (1998-2001).
He was appointed to the rank of Career Minister in 1992, becoming the highest ranking Foreign Service Officer in the Commercial Service.
The participants work with theatre director Tracey Erin Smith and weekly guest coaches to learn the process and craft of drag performance, before giving their own debut performances in a group drag show at Toronto's Buddies in Bad Times theatre.
The Order of Agricultural Merit was established with the intention of awarding Romanian and Foreign Civilians who made contributions to Agriculture, especially after the Great Depression that Romania was steadily recovering from.
However, the shipyard fell into German hands after the fall of France in 1940 before the four ships could be finished, causing the unfinished corvette to be requisitioned into the Kriegsmarine and finished to unique specifications by her new German owners.
She was severely damaged in a heavy bombing raid of Le Havre and was decommissioned on 24 August 1944, likely because it was not deemed worth the cost to repair the ship.
After working as an engineer in New York for four years, he moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison to study wildlife ecology under Stanley Temple, and received a Master of Science degree in 1995.
In studying the landscape genetics of the Puma, McRae chose to model gene flow across a fragmented landscape as following the same rules for electrical conductance in a complex circuit with many resistors of varying values.
At the time of McRae's death in 2017, the three papers had been cited more than 1700 times, and a software package written by McRae implementing his model had been used in more than 200 academic papers.
After completing his doctorate, McRae worked as a postdoctoral researcher for the US Environmental Protection Agency, and subsequently took another postdoctoral position at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara.
In 2008, he began working at The Nature Conservancy, where he worked on land management and increasing habitat connectivity for wildlife.
The Angola–Republic of the Congo border is 231 km (143 m) in length and runs from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the tripoint with the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the east.
The border starts in the west at the Atlantic coast, between Lake Cayo (COG) and Lake Massabi (AGO), proceeding to the north-east via straight line segments and some irregular overland lines.
Portugal had begun exploring the coast of modern Angola in the 1480s, and over the following century established a number of coastal settlements, gradually expanding into the interior at the expense of the native kingdoms of Kongo, Matamba, Ndongo and others.
Portugal had established a tentative presence in what is now Cabinda in 1783, a claim recognised in an Anglo-Portuguese treaty of 22 January 1815.
In the 1880s numerous European powers sought to create colonies in the continent a process known as the Scramble for Africa; this culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result, Portugal's claim to Cabinda was recognised, at the expense of Portugal's giving up a short section of coast to the Congo Free State of Belgian King Leopold II, thereby cutting off Cabinda from mainland Angola.
France gained recognition of its coastal settlements, as well as the interior lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and the Republic of Congo).
France and Portugal signed a border treaty on 12 May 1886 delimiting the western section of the frontier, which was later extended to its current limit by a further treaty of 23 January 1901.
France gradually granted more political rights and representation for its African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Didghele Cave Natural Monument () is a karst cave located near village Melouri in Tsqaltubo Municipality in Imereti region of Georgia, 418 meters above sea level.
Neither woman presented with any indication of illness and according to a 2015 report, the samples were collected as controls in a larger metagenomics study.
According to the 2015 report, the woman infected with EKV-1 could not recall any episode of illness in the weeks or months following the collection of her sample.
The titers of viremia observed in the women ranged from 45,000 RNA copies/mL plasma (EKV-2) to 4.5 million RNA copies/mL plasma (EKV-1).
Based on the natural reservoir and vector for other tibroviruses, researchers have hypothesized that biting midges may transmit the viruses to humans.
However, based on the sequence available, the genome contains the typical five open reading frames present in all rhabdoviruses (N, P, M, G, and L).
Although EKV-1 and EKV-2 were discovered in the same village in southwestern Nigeria, they only share 33% overall homology at the amino acid level.
However, tropism of EKV-1 and EKV-2 has been studied using recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that express the EKV-1 or EKV-2 glycoproteins.
The Decoration of the Cross of Queen Elisabeth () was a Decoration established by Prince Carol I of Romania by Royal Decree 2270 on 6 October 1878 for his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Wied, to award Romanian women she deemed to have achieved outstanding service for caring for the wounded and sick, whether directly in ambulances and hospital campaigns, or indirectly through donations or other actions.
The Decoration was abolished during the abolishment of the Romanian Monarchy in 1947 and wasn't reinstated as a Dynastic Decoration of the Decorations of the Romanian Royal House by Former King Michael I.
The Decoration of the Cross of Sanitary Merit () was a Decoration established by King Carol I of Romania by Royal Decree 6471 on 25 November 1913 for his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Wied, to award Romanian men, women, and organisations deemed to be working outstandingly to improve the health status of the country.
The Decoration was abolished during the abolishment of the Romanian Monarchy in 1947 and wasn't reinstated as a Dynastic Decoration of the Decorations of the Romanian Royal House by Former King Michael I.
The Crossing of the Danube Cross () was a Decoration established by Prince Carol I of Romania by Royal Decree 617 on 23 March 1878 to award individuals for outstanding leadership and contributions in the Romanian War of Independence.
The Decoration was abolished during the abolishment of the Romanian Monarchy in 1947 and wasn't reinstated as a Dynastic Decoration of the Decorations of the Romanian Royal House by Former King Michael I.
The NFCA/USA Today poll, the Softball America poll, the ESPN.com/USA Softball Collegiate rankings, and D1Softball rank the top 25 teams nationally.
The 2020 J1 League, also known as the for sponsorship reasons, will be the 28th season of J1 League, the top Japanese professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1993.
Yokohama F. Marinos are the defending champions while Kashiwa Reysol and Yokohama FC entering the league as promoted team from 2019 J2 League replacing Júbilo Iwata and Matsumoto Yamaga who were relegated to 2020 J2 League.
As of 2019 season, there are no more restrictions on a number of signed foreign players, but clubs can only register up to five foreign players for a single match-day squad.
Initially previewed by the 2018 Aeolus eπ Concept, the Aeolus Yixuan debuted during the 2019 Shanghai Auto Show as the D53.
with Yixuan being listed on September 9, 2019 with a price range of 74,900 yuan to 109,900 yuan (~US$10,528 – US$15,448).
The engine options of the Aeolus Yixuan includes a 1.0 liter inline-three gasoline turbo engine and a 1.5 liter inline-four gasoline turbo engine.
Technical configurations including a Level-2 autonomous driving assistance system is also available on the Aeolus Yixuan, supporting functions such as automatic parking, forward collision warning, automatic brake assistance, adaptive cruising, lane keeping assistance, traffic signal recognition, and intelligent speed limit reminder.
The battery capacity of the Yixuan EV is 47.7kWh and will bring the NEDC comprehensive cruising range of over 248 miles (400 km).
The Yixuan EV is powered by a front-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor with maximum power of 120 kW (160 hp) and is equipped with a lithium battery pack with a capacity of 47.7kWh.
Just like the production Aeolus Yixuan, the Aeolus Yixuan CTCC racecar adopts the same CMP global modular platform, with the suspension adopting the international leading level adjustment technology.
He was a decorated World War I veteran who was instrumental in helping to make the Legion the largest war veterans' organization in the US.
Dhaka Third Division Football League is the fourth tier football league in Bangladesh which have established 2003 by the Bangladesh Football Federation.
The DMFLC Dhaka Third Division Football League is the fifth tier club football league in the country Dhaka based.The league is run by Dhaka Metropolition Football League Committee under supervision of Bangladesh Football Federation.The league have established 2003.Every edition participate 12 teams.
The teams gain 3 points for win, 1 for a draw, and none for loss.The team with most points is crowned as champions at the end of the season and promoted to the Dhaka Second Division Football League.
Corey Terry (born March 6, 1976) is an American former professional football linebacker who played in the National Football League for the Jacksonville Jaguars and New Orleans Saints from 1999 to 2000.
The Swansea Rifles, later the 6th (Glamorgan) Battalion of the Welch Regiment, was a Volunteer unit of the British Army from 1859 to 1954.
It continued in the postwar Territorial Army (TA) as a heavy anti-aircraft artillery regiment until amalgamated with other Welsh units in 1954.
The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs) composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need.
One such unit was the 3rd (Swansea Rifles) Glamorganshire RVC formed in Swansea on 12 October 1859, under the command of the local industrialist and Member of Parliament, Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn, who was commissioned as Captain.
From February 1861 the unit was attached to the 2nd Administrative Battalion, Glamorganshire RVCs, based in Swansea, but it soon reached a strength of four companies and became an independent corps under the command of Dillwyn, now promoted to Major, and the Admin Battalion was broken up some time in 1862.
In 1864 the 5th Glamorgan RVC at Penllergaer was attached from the 1st Admin Bn to the Swansea Rifles but was disbanded in 1873.
Dillwyn continued to command the unit (which was often known as 'Dillwyn's') for many years, rising to Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant in 1877 and full Colonel in 1888.
In 1881, while inspecting the troops after they had completed a week's training, he fell from his horse and sustained serious injuries.
Dillwyn was succeeded in command by John Crow Richardson of Glanbrydan Park, who had enlisted in the unit as a Private in December 1859 and was commissioned as Ensign in 1864.
Under the 'Localisation of the Forces' scheme introduced by the Cardwell Reforms of 1872, Volunteers were grouped into county brigades with their local Regular and Militia battalions.
The 3rd Glamorgan was placed with the 41st (Welch) and 69th Foot in Brigade No 24 (Pembroke, Carmarthen and Glamorgan) in Western District.
The Childers Reforms of 1881 took Cardwell's reforms further, the linked battalions became single regiments and the Volunteers were formally affiliated to their local Regular regiment.
The 41st and 69th combined to form the Welsh Regiment (Welch Regiment from 1920) and the 3rd Glamorgan RVC became a six-company Volunteer Battalion of the regiment.
It ranked as the regiment's 4th VB, but did not change its traditional title, despite the potential for confusion with the regiment's 3rd (Glamorgan) VB at Pontypridd.
When a comprehensive mobilisation scheme for the Volunteers was established after the Stanhope Memorandum of December 1888, the 3rd Glamorgan RVC was assigned to the Welsh Brigade, the South Wales Brigade from 1895, then the Severn Brigade charged with defending the ports of the Severn Estuary, and back to the Welsh Brigade by 1902.
A detachment of volunteers from the battalion served in the Second Boer War, winning the unit its first Battle honour: South Africa 1900–1902.
The battalion expanded to nine companies in 1900, and then to twelve in 1905 when the Swansea personnel (C, D and E Companies) of the 2nd VB were transferred to it.
On 9 March 1911 Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart, second son of the 3rd Marquess of Bute of Cardiff Castle,was commissioned Lt-Col in the battalion and took command the following year.
On the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, units of the TF were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service and Lt-Col Crichton-Stuart volunteered his battalion.
On 31 August 1914, the War Office authorised the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit for each TF unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service.
Crichton-Stuart addressed the unit at the drill hall in Swansea prior to their departure, saying 'The greatest honour a man can receive is that he has been provided with a chance to give, if need be, the greatest that he has, which is his life, for his country.
Based at Boulogne and Saint-Omer the men were employed in handling railway traffic, escorting prisoners, and providing carrying and burial parties.
In 1915 a number of the TF battalions in France were used to reinforce the weak brigades of the Regular divisions.
On 5 July 1915 1/6th Bn joined 84th Bde of 28th Division, in which the 1st Bn Welsh Regiment had been serving since its return from India in late 1914.
At 20.00 on 1 October the 1st Welsh launched a surprise attack on 'Little Willie' trench, a section of which they captured despite heavy casualties.
The 1st Welsh were cut off and supplies of food, water and ammunition could not be carried to them across No man's land.
But it was too late: the 1st Welsh had to be withdrawn from Little Willie under covering fire from the 1/6th Welsh.
One report stated that Crichton-Stuart was preparing to lead a counter-attack to recover his close friend Maj Reginald Browning of 1/6th Bn who was still in the abandoned trench.
Major Browning is commemorated on the Loos Memorial to the Missing, together with 19 other men of 1/6th Bn (and many more from 1st Bn) who died on 1–2 October 1915 and have no known grave.
On 19 October 1915 28th Division was given warning orders for a move overseas (it eventually went to Salonika) and the 1/6th Bn's period of attachment ended on 23 October when it transferred to 3rd Bde in 1st Division, in which 2nd Welsh were serving.
On 15 May 1916, the 1/6th Welsh became the Pioneer Battalion of 1st Division, a role that it carried out for the rest of the war.
The role of divisional pioneers was to provide working parties to assist the divisional Royal Engineers in tasks ranging from trench digging and wiring, to road making, while remaining fighting soldiers.
After the Armistice with Germany came into force on 11 November 1918, 1st Division was ordered to the Rhine as part of the occupation forces.
The primary role of 2nd Line battalions at this stage was to train reinforcement drafts for their 1st Line battalions serving overseas.
In November 1915 the 2nd Line battalions of the independent South Wales Brigade were absorbed by units of the 68th (2nd Welsh) Division concentrating at Bedford for home defence as part of First Army (Home Forces) of Central Force.
The 2/6th Welsh were absorbed by the 2/5th (Flintshire) Bn, Royal Welch Fusiliers, which remained in home defence until it was disbanded in March 1918.
It was redesignated 6th (Glamorgan) Reserve Battalion on 8 April 1916 and on 1 September 1916 was absorbed into the regiment's 4th Reserve Bn.
On 31 December 1921 the 6th (Glamorgan) Bn absorbed the 7th (Cyclist) Bn of the Welch Regiment (as it now spelled its title) at Cardiff.
In the 1930s the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence for Britain's cities was addressed by converting a number of TA infantry battalions into searchlight (S/L) units.
The 6th Welch was one unit selected for this role, becoming 6th (Glamorgan) Battalion, Welch Regiment (67th Searchlight Regiment) on 1 November 1938, with HQ, 450, 451 and 452 S/L Companies at 8 St Andrews Crescent, Cardiff.
In June a partial mobilisation of the TA was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA and S/L positions.
In the absence of sufficient light AA (LAA) guns, a number of Vital Points (VPs) were defended by Lewis guns (LGs) manned by S/L crews.
There was little activity during the so-called Phoney War period, but this ended on 10 May with the German invasion of the Low Countries.
45 AA Brigade's units – particularly the widely spaced S/L sites – were ordered to find rifle and LG detachments to guard against possible attacks by German paratroopers.
Five infantry riflemen were temporarily assigned to each S/L site, of which 67th S/L Rgt had two near Swansea and 37 around Newport (67th had to find their own additional riflemen for four of these sites).
If paratroops had landed, these detachments would have been sent out to hunt them down or form roadblocks and picquets round them until reinforcements arrived.
67th S/L Regiment was ordered to have three 'flying columns' of riflemen in lorries ready at 15 minutes' notice to reinforce these detachments.
On 28 June 67th S/L Rgt was ordered to hand over its VPs at Port Talbot to a new LAA unit and move the detachments to Clanna, near Bridgend, to increase the S/L concentration in the Cardiff Gun Defence Area (GDA).
On 1 August 1940 all S/L units were transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA), the 6th Bn Welch becoming 67th (Welch) Searchlight Regiment and the S/L companies were redesignated as batteries.
During the summer the AA defences of South Wales were bolstered by a number of units that had been re-equipped after evacuation from Dunkirk and Norway.
The number of raids over South Wales, and the number of times the S/Ls and guns engaged, increased sharply at the end of August.
The expansion of AA Command led to 5th AA Division being split up, South Wales coming under the command of 9th AA Division.
45 AA Brigade was split in two, the Swansea defences being taken over by a new 61 AA Bde, while 45 AA Bde concentrated round the Cardiff GDA (covering Barry and Newport as well as Cardiff).
The S/L detachments were widely spread across brigade boundaries and there was an experiment to use S/Ls in a 'Cardiff–Newport Dazzle Area'.
As part of AA Command's expansion, 67th S/L Rgt supplied a cadre of experienced men to provide the basis for 536 S/L Battery formed on 12 December 1940 at 230 S/L Training Rgt at Blandford Camp with personnel mainly from Newcastle upon Tyne.
Much of this was directed against London, but Cardiff was heavily bombed on 2 January, Swansea on 19 and 20 February, and Cardiff again on 3 and 4 March (the Cardiff Blitz).
After a busy period for the AA defences of South Wales in early May 1941, the Blitz effectively ended in the middle of the month.
Desultory raiding continued through June and July while the gaps in AA defences were filled as more equipment and units became available.
Searchlights, now assisted by Searchlight Control (SLC or 'Elsie') radar, were reorganised, with a 'Killer Belt' established between the Cardiff and Bristol GDAs to cooperate closely with RAF night fighters.
However, during September 1942 451 and 452 S/L Btys were attached to 11th AA Division, which covered the West Midlands of England.
By early November the whole of 67th S/L Rgt moved to 54 AA Bde in 4 AA Gp, covering the Birmingham–Coventry area.
In mid-1943, AA Command was being forced to release manpower for overseas service, particularly Operation Overlord (the planned Allied invasion of Normandy).
After September 1943, 54 AA Bde only had 67 S/L Rgt under its command, and the brigade HQ began disbanding on 28 November.
67th Searchlight Rgt was one of those selected for conversion, and on 4 November 1944 was redesignated 67th (Welch) Garrison Regiment, RA.
In January 1945, the War Office accelerated the conversion of surplus artillery into infantry units, primarily for line of communication and occupation duties, thereby releasing trained infantry for frontline service.
It went to North West Europe in May and did duty with 306 Infantry Brigade on the Lines of Communication for 21st Army Group after VE Day.
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 66th S/L Rgt was reformed at Cardiff as 602 (Welch) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Rgt.
Now equipped with Heavy AA guns rather than S/Ls, it formed part of 71 AA Bde (the former 45 AA Bde at Cardiff).
After several more rounds of mergers the lineage is continued in 211 (South Wales) Bty in today's 104th Regiment Royal Artillery.
A new 6th Bn Welch Regiment was formed on 1 October 1956 by the redesignation of 16th (Welsh) Bn, Parachute Regiment.
The original uniform of the 3rd (Swansea Rifles) Glamorganshire RVC was scarlet with green facings, changing to white facings in the 1890s.
During World War I members of the 6th Welch were presented with ribbons in the regimental colours of white/red/dark green by the CO's wife, Lady Crichton-Stuart.
This ribbon was worn as a regimental flash, divided vertically into three equal sections, by 602 (M) HAA Rgt from 1947 to 1954.
The battalion's World War I memorial is in Christ Church (Garrison Church of Swansea), Oystermouth Road, Swansea, consisting of a brass plate with 298 names of men who died on service.
Crichton-Stuart's coat of arms appears on a shield in the Chamber of the House of Commons along with those of 18 other MPs who died in World War I.
When three years old, Jeevarani used to dance, sing lullabies, poems and do various mimics in front of parents and relatives.
Born in Felsővisó, Ferenczy served from March 1940 to July 1942 with a unit that searched for Jews who had fled to Hungary from Slovakia.
After Nazi Germany's invasion of Hungary in March 1944, he was appointed—on 25 March—as liaison between the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie and the German security police, which meant he worked closely with SS officer Adolf Eichmann.
Randolph Braham writes that Ferenczy's office was on the second floor of the Lomnic Hotel in the Svábhegy district of Budapest, near Eichmann's office in the Majestic Hotel.
During the Holocaust in Hungary in the spring and summer of 1944, Ferenczy helped to organize the deportation of over 434,000 of Hungary's Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland, where most were gassed on arrival.
When Miklós Horthy, the Hungarian regent, ordered an end to the deportations in July, Ferenczy appeared to switch sides and in August made contact with the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee, which was trying to make deals with Eichmann to halt the deportations.
In October, when Ferenc Szálasi, head of the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party, became prime minister, Ferenczy was once again placed in charge of rounding up and deporting Jews.
She was named after C. W. Post, an American inventor, breakfast cereal and foods manufacturer and a pioneer in the prepared-food industry.
C. F. Rich & Sønner traces its history back to 1 August 1834 when Caspar Friderich Paulus Rich (1800-1874) purchased a coffee substitute factory established by artillery lieutenant Jacob Luders von Høyer.
The company was after Rich's death in 1874 continued by his sons Georg Rich (1839–1916) and Hans Adolph Rich (1846–1923) under the name C. F. Rich & Sønner's Kaffesurrogatfabrik.
Rich's coffee substitute experienced a renaissance during World War II when real coffee was unavailable with daily sales of up to 225,000 åackets.
Rich's was from 1925 and up until the 1970s marketed with the use of trading cards with a wide range of an encyclopedic topics.
At the end of December 1779, a large fleet sailed from Great Britain under the command of Admiral Sir George Brydges Rodney, being one of the purposes of this British fleet to resupply Gibraltar, a place that was blocked by land and sea by the Spaniards.
During the trip, Rodney intercepted a Spanish convoy of the Royal Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas at Cape Finisterre on 8 January 1780, capturing it completely.
At that time, the British maintained contact with the British forces there, at least until 1782 when the Spaniards conquered the island, sending fast sailships to avoid the Spanish blockade.
From the naval station of Punta del Carnero, an enclave south of Algeciras, two square-rigged xebecs of the Spanish Navy sailed to chase the British ship.
The British ship had a crew of 138 men, taken prisoners, once they were marinated by a Spanish contingent in charge of Lieutenant Miguel Pedrueca.
The University had changed its name to the 'University of Pittsburgh' in the summer of 1908 but did not adopt the Panther as its mascot until November of 1909.
The Siege of Quebec also known as the Second Siege of Quebec was an unsuccessful French attempt to retake Quebec City in New France which had been captured by Britain the previous year.
The siege lasted from 29 April until 15 May when British ships arrived to relieve the city which compelled the French commander Francis de Gaston, Chevalier de Lévis to break off the siege and retreat.
The British capture of Montreal a few months later largely ended French resistance and completed the Conquest of Canada, which was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris.
In 1759 a British expedition led by James Wolfe had sailed up the St Lawrence River and laid siege to Quebec.
After an initial failure at the Battle of Beauport, Wolfe managed to defeat the French field army under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on 13 September 1759.
After Montcalm's death during the battle, the French armies outside Quebec retreated westwards despite their numerical supremacy - leaving the garrison of Quebec exposed to the British.
The retreating French troops had reached the Jacques-Cartier River, where they came under the command of Francis de Gaston, Chevalier de Lévis on 17 September 1759.
He initially hoped to lead his force back to recapture Quebec directly, but it became clear that such an immediate attack was impossible, he decided to postpone any attempt until the following year.
In spite his decision not to attack, rumours continued to circulate around Quebec throughout the winter that a major French assault was imminent.
French patrols continued to operate and a position was even set up at Saint-Augustin close to Quebec until it was captured in a surprise attack by the British using snow shoes.
Lévis prepared his attack during the winter, and sent a message to Paris in October 1759 asking for reinforcements, siege artillery and supplies to be sent to Quebec as soon as possible.
He had around 7,000 troops, around half were French regulars the remainder were Canadian militia and Native allies, and twelve artillery pieces.
Some of the British expedition who had captured Quebec the previous autumn departed shortly afterwards with the fleet, leaving Murray with around 7,000 troops to defend the city.
Because of a variety of ailments, shortages of food and weather a thousand of these troops had died, and two thousand more were ill, meaning Murray had only around 4,000 men in condition to fight.
Murray received warning of the French approach on the morning of 27 April costing Lévis the element of surprise he had hoped for.
Murray's response to the appearance of Lévis and his force outside the city was to march out and take up a strong defensive position.
He hoped Lévis would attack him, but it also allowed Murray time to withdraw his outposts of light infantry, some of them at Cap Rouge, who would otherwise have been cut off.
Instead, during the night, he chose to move his army to outflank Murray, using the woods on the British left as cover.
Faced with this new threat Murray, withdrew to a new position close to where the Battle of the Plains of Abraham had been fought the previous the previous September.
Murray had 3,800 troops in the field, virtually every soldier in Quebec fit to carry a musket, and Lévis had a similar number of men to hand although further forces were on their way.
The battle began when Murray saw that the French main body were still on the march and weren't yet formed up.
Their advance was slowed by the ground, a mixture of half-melted snow and mud, and by the time the two sides engaged the French were prepared for them.
Initially the British had success, driving the outlying French back from their strong points, and sending panic through the French ranks that led to them fleeing to the nearby woods.
The battle had been just as bloodier than that fought a year before, Lévis had suffered 833 killed and wounded while the British under Murray had taken 1,088 casualties (nearly a third of his force).
Seeing that there was no chance of salvaging the situation, Murray retreated his remaining forces back into the city and prepared to hold out in the hope that relief would arrive up the Saint Lawrence for the defenders.
Lévis had similar hopes, although he was realistic about the chances of any French relief as he brought up the rest of his forces and began to prepare to lay siege to the city.
On 29 April, the day after the battle, the siege commenced but Levis had not intended to besiege Quebec since he had to wait for reinforcements from France.
As a result, he chose not to make an immediate assault; Lévis' troops were too exhausted and was uncertain of the quality of some of the militiamen.
Lévis however refused to open fire with any cannon or mortars until he had forty guns in line intending to open up a devastating barrage.
Murray meanwhile drew up plans, if the city were to fall to the French, to withdraw to the Île d'Orléans to the east and wait for reinforcements to arrive.
As the French siege works began to take shape morale plummeted for the British and teetered on the brink of anarchy.
One man was hanged on the spot for endemic drunkenness and had all the liquor in the Lower Town poured away or destroyed.
Nevertheless, the French siege works were soon being bombarded with considerable accuracy and by May 1 order, subordination, hope, and almost confidence were completely restored in Murray's army.
The city's defences however had been shattered by the previous year's bombardment, and it had even been suggested after its capture that the British should simply destroy the fortifications and abandon the city.
The weakness of the city's defences had a major impact on his decision to confront the French in open battle rather than remain in the city.
In addition such was the shortage of men that British officers strapped themselves into harnesses to help haul cannon into the Lower Town.
Concerned that a hostile population would add to his problems, Murray had tried to exhibit kindness to the local inhabitants provided they disarm and swear allegiance to George II.
Murray had previously expelled a number of inhabitants from the city suspected of supplying intelligence to the French and of encouraging British troops to desert.
The French cannons were too weak to batter down the city's defences, while the British were not strong enough to march out and drive off the more numerous French.
Lévis rested his hopes on the prospect of reinforcements arriving from France, boosting his strength and allowing him to take the city.
The French first minister, the Duc de Choiseul, believed that French prospects were better in Europe and planned another major attack in Germany.
The French hoped that if they were able to win a major victory in Germany and occupy the Electorate of Hanover they would be able to negotiate the return of Canada in exchange for it when peace was agreed.
An added consideration was the heavy naval defeats the British had inflicted on the French at the battles of Lagos and Quiberon Bay the previous year and a near constant blockade of the French ports meant that their navy effectively ceased to function.
In an effort to show the Canadians they had not been completely abandoned, a small group of supply ships were sent carrying 400 troops - well short of the sort of reinforcement that Lévis required and only one frigate could be spared as an escort.
Even this limited relief was weakened when blockading British forces captured three of the transports shortly after they had sailed from Bordeaux in early April.
When the British fleet had sailed the previous year, Admiral Saunders had detached several ships to Halifax in Nova Scotia with orders to return to Quebec as soon as the ice melted.
The ship however turned out to be , a 28-gun frigate detached from a squadron under Lord Colville who were just outside the Saint Lawrence.
Lévis and the French were in despair and realised Quebec had to be bombarded into submission as quickly as possible before the main British force arrived.
Two days later at noon the French batteries finally opened against the walls of Québec that was not built to bear the brunt of heavy shot.
Since taking the city he British had built new embrasures within the walls which would enable the gunners to direct heavy counter battery fire on the French.
By contrast the British were soon able to bring many heavy guns to bear on the French positions, having unloaded a number of guns from the fleet before it had sailed, and had plentiful supplies of ammunition.
So heavy was the British bombardment that the French had to withdraw their main camp about a mile to protect it.
It grew so dangerous in the French entrenchments that it was reported that the Canadians had to be paid half a dollar a day to work there.
The French relief expedition having managed to get through the British blockade commanded by François-Chenard Giraudais reached the mouth of the St Lawrence only to discover that the British ships had entered through it six days earlier.
Having arrived too late, the French didn't want to risk being cut off if another fleet of British ships came up from behind.
Just after dusk on May 15 the first of Commodore Colville's five ships of the line appeared below the Île d'Orléans with two fresh British regiments from Louisbourg.
The frigates were then able to line up against the French trenches to enfilade them with grape and round shot which forced their abandonment.
Murray at the same time having no longer being felt constrained by his ammunition supplies then unleashed a tremendous barrage of artillery fire against the French as he intended to launch an attack against the French siege positions the next morning.
A total of 2,913 shots were fired by the British on this day alone which was enough to drive the French from their trenches once more.
The destruction of the French vessels was a death-blow to the hopes of Lévis, for they contained his stores of food and ammunition.
With the bombardment knocking out his guns and causing casualties Lévis resolved to wait for the night before retiring after which he hastened to raise the siege, leaving behind his sick and wounded as well as the siege camp.
Deserters from Lévis' camp then told Murray that the French were in full retreat; from which all the British batteries opened fire at random through the darkness, and sent cannonballs ricocheting over the Plains of Abraham on the heels of the retreating French army.
He pushed over the marsh to Ancienne-Lorette but, though the British captured many French stragglers they failed to overtake the main body.
The British naval presence was reinforced on 18 May with the arrival of Lord Colville's squadron, and two days later merchant ships carrying vital supplies started to arrive which thus marked the end of the French siege.
British losses during the siege only came to around thirty killed or wounded, although there still around 1,000 sick from disease.For the French losses were heavy; they lost altogether 350 killed or wounded.
Such was the need to make a hasty retreat that Levis did not spike many of the guns - 55 of which were seized; of these ten were heavy mortars.
After its failure to proceed up the St Lawrence the French relief convoy had taken shelter in the Restigouche River, where there were still Acadian inhabitants loyal to France.
With Murray's forces substantially increased in Quebec, the city thus became a staging point for the conquest of the remainder of French Canada.
Separate forces under Jeffery Amherst and William Haviland would advance from Lake Ontario in the west along the St Lawrence River and from upper New York via the Richelieu River respectively.
James Murray led the third prong of 4,000 men advancing from Quebec down the St Lawrence River and approaching the Island of Montreal from the east.
Faced with such overwhelming numbers the Governor Marquis de Vaudreuil ordered Lévis, who had wanted to fight, to lay down his arms.
The French government's hopes of offsetting their loss of Canada with victories in Europe was frustrated by a series of victories by the Anglo-German forces led by the Duke of Brunswick.
Added to this further French colonies, particularly in the valuable West Indies, were lost and it was agreed in the negotiations ahead of the Treaty of Paris that France would permanently ceded Canada to the British in exchange for the return of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
Quebec would endure another siege in 1775, the third in sixteen years during the American War of Independence when American rebel forces participating in the Invasion of Canada.
The attack failed and the arrival of British ships down the St Lawrence the following Spring forced the Americans to abandon their attempt, in a situation very similar to the relief of 1760.
The film received positive attention in Sweden and won a best film audience voted award at the 2012 Gothenburg Film Festival.
Dawn Thandeka King was born in Eshowe, KwaZulu-Natal.After finishing her matric, she went on to complete her Drama studies at Technikon Natal (now known as Durban University of Technology).
Dawn Thandeka is a mother of five.She was married to a durban based business man named Jabulani Msomi for 15 years until their marriage ended on 2017.She is currently in a relationship with Mlungisi Duncan.
Rome successfully campaigned at grassroots levels at getting standardized absorbency ratings onto tampons, and was a consumer representative for the Food and Drug Administration in bringing about a partial moratorium on silicone-gel breast implants in 1992.
Before her death, she was co-authoring a book on women's health issues in relation to her wish to accommodate their partners in a close relationship.
Rome was one of 12 women memorialized by the Women's Community Cancer Project of the Women's Center of Cambridge in 1998.
She was the youngest child of store owners Leo and Rose (née Deutsch) Seidman, and was the granddaughter of immigrant retailers.
In 1962, Rome graduated from Norwich Free Academy and enrolled at Brandeis University, where she graduated cum laude with a bachelor of arts degree in art in 1966.
Afterward, she went to Harvard Graduate School of Education, and graduated with a Master of Arts degree in teaching two years later.
Rome had a liking for medicine since the second grade; she decided during her childhood she could not focus on becoming a doctor because very few women had entered this field in her era.
In mid 1969, She began a career as a women's health advocate in changing the organization and delivery of healthcare for women.
The workshop transpired to be influential in 12 women, including Rome, establishing the Boston Women's Health Book Collective (later renamed to Our Bodies, Ourselves in 1971), and worked as a staffer at its office in Somerville, Massachusetts.
The book, which initially discussed abortion and birth control, was updated and expanded, and later published in several languages on a mass scale by Simon & Schuster in 1973.
From the 1970s onward, Rome understood that sexually transmitted infections (STI) had become an important concern for women, and recognized advice provided to those about the diseases were primarily directed from the perspective of males.
Rome then created STI-prevention stickers for distribution into women's public restrooms and other places where women were able to notice them.
She became involved in tampon safety in the 1980s through the American Society for Testing and Materials’ Tampon Task Force after it was determined that tampons had became associated with toxic shock syndrome.
Her campaigning at the grassroots level prompted the passage of legislation to mandate standardized absorbency ratings of tampons, which included a warning and a pamphlet to inform individuals of the possible risks and safe usage of their products.
From 1988 until her death in 1994, Rome was involved in lobbying the Food and Drug Administration as a consumer representative to study a possibilities of hazards of silicone-gel breast implants and sought to regulate them.
She also ran a Boston-based support group for women who suffered from health issues from having implants inserted into their breasts.
Rome provided those in the television and printed press with information to inform the public about those problems, and put a fight of women who were pressured to change their physical appearance in a larger scene.
The book was published in 1996 and analyses health issues arising from domestic violence, starvation diets and cosmetic surgery in relation to a women's wish to accommodate their partners in a close relationship.
She was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1998; treatment to lessen the effects of the disease were unsuccessful and she continued to work throughout her illness.
She was a feminist, practiced Judaism, celebrated the Sabbath with her family on Friday nights, and was actively involved with the Temple B'nai B'rith in Somerville.
Her efforts were influential in the passage of legislation and help to change how women perceive their bodies in their attitude and behavior.
The Women's Community Cancer Project of the Women's Center of Cambridge memorialized her in a 12-woman mural at Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1998.
With the passage of time,it became center of many agricultural products, people from far and wide came here to sold there wheat, cotton and chilli etc.
Now a days, it has 15 big markets, known as Talib Market, Khadim market, Al-raheem market, Asif market, Sarwar market, Ramzan market, Hashim Market, Ahmed Market, Ashfaque market, Hamza market, lanjwani Hotel etc.
According to government officials these markets were built on Sirhindi Shakh, it is ordered of government to smash that all markets which are built on old Sirnhindi Shakh.
God's Country and the Man is a 1937 American Western film directed by Robert North Bradbury and written by Robert Emmett Tansey.
The confederation was founded on 1 January 2019, when the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) merged with the Confederation of Professionals in Denmark (FTF).
LO consisted of 18 unions, with a total of one million members, most of whom worked in the private sector, while FTF consisted of 70 professional organisations, with a total of just under 500,000 members, most of whom worked in the public sector.
The LO's largest affiliate, the United Federation of Danish Workers (3F), only deciding to support it early in March 2018, and the FTF's Financial Federation opposed the merger.
Denmark's other trade union centre, the Danish Confederation of Professional Associations (AC), decided against joining the new federation, arguing that its members' interests differed from those of the members of the LO and FTF.
The federation remained affiliated to the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), and argued that, as a larger organisation, it would be more influential within the ETUC.
The federation also affiliated to Joint Committee of the Nordic Social Democratic Labour Movement, but described itself as independent of any political party.
He was also president of the Board of Trustees of the Maine State College and president of the Board of Westbrook Seminary.
Daffy wants to become rich so he joins Bugs Bunny on a treasure hunt.The player controls Daffy and navigates him through 6 levels in total.
While many of them are featured in extant myths of their own, many others have come down to us today only as names in various lists provided for the benefit of skalds or poets of the medieval period and are included here for the purpose of completeness.
It was designed as a long action rifle on the basis of the short action Tikka M55 rifle, however its action differs much from the M55.
After the success of the Tikka M55 as a sniper rifle, in 1988 Sako brought a purpose-built sniper rifle Tikka M65A to the market, with significant modifications to the basic design.
In 1987 the Tikkakoski factory was run down, all its machinery was destroyed, and production of Tikka rifles was transferred to Sako factory at Riihimäki.
The design work from the Tikka M65A and Valmet Sniper M86 were used to develop the Sako TRG sniper rifle in the early 1990s.
The Tikka M65 action is based on the Tikka M55, which in turn is loosely based on the Mauser action, which Tikkakoski had wanted to modernise.
The repeating magazine fed rifle features a milled receiver made from special steel, to which a 90° rotating, two-lug cylindrical bolt locks; the M65 also incorporates two additional safety lugs at the rear of the bolt, as well as two vent holes in the bolt body to vent off gases to the side if a primer breaks.
Unlike the M55, the M65 also features an integral recoil lug, which is made to the receiver in the milling process.
The barrel is cut rifled with 6 grooves and depending on the model, either 520 mm (20.47 in), 560 mm (22.83 in), 620 mm (24.41 in) or 660 mm (25.98 in) long.
Just as in the M55, some models feature iron sights attached to the barrel; rear sight is an open notch and front sight is a hooded post.
In the standard versions, the magazine is either a 4, 5, 7, 8 or 10-round double stack stamped steel magazine, and the magazine catch is located in front of the trigger, within the trigger guard.
In M65A, the magazine is either a 5 or 10-round single stack single feed stamped steel magazine, and the magazine catches are attached to both sides of the magazine itself, as in the Valmet Sniper M86.
The sporter variants feature heavy walnut stocks which are convex towards the cheek and concave on the away side, and have UIT rails on their underside and left side, for attaching different accessories.
The butt of the M65A rifle is attached to the chassis with an aluminium tube, and it has a fully adjustable walnut cheekpiece; the front end fo the stock is made with two walnut stocksides, which attach to the aluminium chassis.
However, since none of the ships were completed by the time that the Germans captured them, they were completed with different modifications using available armaments that fited the Germans' needs.
The ship's main armament was a 10.5 cm C/32 naval gun mounted at the fore of the ship on the deck.
The ship also boasted an impressive anti-aircraft arsenal, including two single 2 cm Flak 30 guns on each side of the ship, two quad 2 cm Flak guns on top of the bridge, and a twin 3.7 Flak gun by the engine room.
In addition, the ship carried two depth charge throwers on each side as well as minesweeping gear, consisting of measures against acoustic and magnetic mines.
With the fall of France in early 1940, the German Kriegsmarine took control of a number of French shipyards in the process of constructing both civilian and military ships.
The captured corvettes were constructed to fill a deficiency in the escort fleets in the English Channel, which was that the ships protecting merchant shipping were generally only armed with 3.7 cm guns.
This armament was incapable of launching flares to coordinate counter-fire against British motor torpedo boat and motor gun boat attacks that took place at night.
The corvettes thus filled the dual role of an anti-aircraft vessel and a fire control ship for the escort of merchant ships.
Felicity Johnson (born 26 February 1987) is an English professional golfer who has played on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour.
This was successful and she was named the Daily Telegraph Lady Golfer of the Year in 2005 after winning the 2005 English Amateur Champion, was a member of the 2005 winning Vagliano team, and won 2005 Spirit International as part of the England Team.
Turned professional in 2006 in and finished third at the 2008 ANZ Ladies Masters, the 2008 Göteborg Masters and the 2009 SAS Ladies Masters before earning her maiden win at the 2009 Tenerife Ladies Open at Golf Costa Adeje.
She shot 62 (-10) in the first round of 2008 Göteborg Masters at Lycke Golf Course, a Ladies European Tour record.
She claimed her second win at the 2011 Lacoste Ladies Open de France, winning a playoff with Diana Luna, the second play-off heartbreak at the tournament in a row for the Italian who was beaten in identical circumstances by Trish Johnson the previous year.
RoKi gained promotion from the second-tier Naisten Mestis to the Lower Division () of the Naisten Liiga, the premier women’s ice hockey league in Finland, in December 2019.
They have played a portion of each subsequent season in the Naisten Mestis, with occasional demotion to the third-tier Naisten Suomi-sarja or promotion to the Naisten Liiga Qualifying series.
Wajahh: A Reason to Kill is a 2004 bollywood Indian Hindi-language thriller film directed by Gautam Adhikari, written by Ghalib Asadbhopali (dialogue), Tony Mirrcandani (story), and screenlayed by Sandeep Patel.
The facility was established by Francis Woodley Lindsay, a surgeon, in rented premises in Commercial Road as the Herefordshire and South Wales Eye and Ear Institution in 1882.
It moved to permanent premises in Eign Street as the Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital in 1888 and, after being renamed the Victoria Eye Hospital in 1923, joined the National Health Service in 1948.
After services transferred to the new Hereford County Hospital in 2002, the Victoria Eye Hospital closed and has since been converted into apartments.
Pavel Zakharov (; born 9 March 1994) is a Russian football player who plays as a striker for Ulaanbaatar City FC of the Mongolian Premier League.
He finished the season second in the top scorer's list with 28 goals in 22 league matches as the team finished third in the table.
Prior to Zakharov's contract expiring with Khangarid on 27 October 2019, he was offered a contract by league champions Ulaanbaatar City FC.
He officially joined the club on a free Bosman transfer on 28 January 2020 ahead of the team's opening fixture of 2020 AFC Cup qualification.
He was the only Democrat to hold that office from Luther Moore in 1854 and Carlton Day Reed Jr. in 1964.
His grandfather, who was also named Nathan Clifford, was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1858 to 1881.
Central Park is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Justin Reinsilber and starring Ruby Modine, Grace Van Patten, Marina Squerciati and Michael Lombardi.
Paz Esteban López (born 1958) is a Spanish intelligence officer serving as Acting Director of the National Intelligence Centre (CNI) since 2019 and as Secretary-General of the National Intelligence Centre since 2017.
She studied at the Autonomous University of Madrid, where she graduated in May 1978 with a degree of Philosophy and Literature.
Esteban specialized in foreign intelligence, although she has never worked as a field agent and her first jobs within the intelligence service were the preparation of reports on the permanence of Spain in NATO, before the 1986 referendum.
In 2010, CNI Director Sanz Roldán appoined her as his Chief of Staff, a position she held until June 2017, when she was appointed Secretary-General of the intelligence agency (second-in-command) after the resignation of Beatriz Méndez de Vigo.
In June 2017, CNI Secretary-General Beatriz Méndez de Vigo announced her resignation and, despite the efforts of the Deputy Prime Minister, Sáenz de Santamaría, to convice her otherwise, her resignation was effective on June 13, 2017.
The impossibility of forming a government provoked that the Prime Minister could not renew the director for a new term or to nominate a new candidate.
In January 31, 2020, the Office of the Prime Minister announced that, Esteban, who since July 2019 was acting director of the agency, would be confirmed as the new CNI Director and as the CCN Director.
The 2020 CONCACAF Futsal Championship will be the 7th edition of the CONCACAF Futsal Championship, the quadrennial international futsal championship organised by CONCACAF for the men's national teams of the North, Central American and Caribbean region.
The top four teams of the tournament qualified for the 2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup in Lithuania as the CONCACAF representatives.
Before she died she gave Nisse a lizard, which Nisse finds boring and ugly so he names him Harry, because he looks like an old, grumpy man.
About being you, growing up, and changing while the rest of the world keeps going, despite the horrible thing that has happened.
Copeland was born in New York City in 1899 to parents Samuel and Minna Copeland, however her mother died during childbirth.
After graduating from the Parsons School of Design, she began working as a designer which paid enough to help put her older brothers through Harvard Law School.
Copeland began selling her own designs as a commercial artist to manufacturing firms and was hired by Pattulo Models Inc in 1920 as a fashion illustrator.
After World War II led to the liberation of Paris, Copeland began looking at other sources of inspiration for fashion including China and South America.
By 1949, she was promoted to partner at the firm Pattulo Models Inc and eventually became Vice-President and Head Designer at Pattulo-Jo Copeland Inc. where she earned a reputation for refusing to conform to typical fashion norms.
As a result, many of her designs incorporated an extended torso and skirts no shorter than two inches above the knee.
Sir Eric Fleming Smart (12 October 1911 – 10 June 1973) was a Western Australian wheat-farmer, grazier, and local government councillor.
Smart was born at Narridy, South Australia, on 12 October 1911 to farmer Percival Horace Smart and his wife Lilian Louise, née Rogers.
Smart increased soil fertility through the planting of the Western Australian blue lupin, which would thrive in sandy conditions if superphosphates were used.
Agricultural practices developed included introducing clovers after initial fertility increases, to increase productivity; pest control through aerial insect spraying; and using nitrogen to fertilise cereals.
Smart travelled to the eastern states of Australia, visiting agricultural society shows, colleges, and other public events to publicise his achievements and Western Australia's opportunities.
He served several terms in local governments: Wongan-Ballidu Road Board from 1947 to 1949, Mingenew Road Board from 1950 to 1956 and from 1958 to 1960, and the renamed Mingenew Shire Council from 1961 to 1967.
Smart bequeathed $200,000 to the University of Western Australia to continue his research, focusing on the use of lupins on land in the West Midlands.
The university's Sir Eric Smart Scholarship is funded from Smart's bequest and a donation from his son Peter, and had supported 20 students.
Sayre attended both Michigan Agricultural College and the University of Michigan Law School from 1880 to 1881, but did not graduate.
On November 8, 1898, Sayre was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 13th district from January 4, 1899 to 1900.
The winners and runners up from each pool played off to determine the two nations to be promoted to Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 2016, while the remaining nations played to off to determine the two nations to be relegated to Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV in 2016.
Silver cermets were created to improve the wear resistance and hardness of another type of filling material, glass ionomer cements, through the addition of silver.
Cermets also have a similar compressive strength, flexural strength, and solubility as glass ionomer cements, some of the main limiting factors for both materials.
The liquid is an aqueous solution of a co-polymer of either 37% acrylic or maleic acid, or both, and 9% tartaric acid.
Like glass ionomer cements, it is recommended that the tooth tissue is conditioned with polyacrylic acid (a weak acid) before application.
As such, they are no longer a popular choice of material and it is unclear whether cermets will continue to be used.
It is located about 80 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3664 is approximately 50,000 light years across.
NGC 3664 has a smaller satellite galaxy, known as NGC 3664A or UGC 6418, which lies 6.2 arcminutes to the south, at a projected distance of 25 to 30 kiloparsecs from NGC 3664.
The HI mass of NGC 3664A is , which means that the system has similar masses as the system of the Large and Small Magellanic Cloud.
The group belongs to the Leo II groups, a large collection of galaxies belonging to the Virgo supercluster scattered across 30 million light years of space west of the Virgo cluster.
Attempting to buy more pain medication at the pharmacy, he learns that his old love interest, Hannah, is the town's pharmacist.
The drug dealer is angry at Sean, as he thinks Sean has done something to the dog, who is acting strange.
Later, after Sean is home, he has a nightmare of being in a cave in Iraq when something bad happens, this is not communicated to the reader.
He goes to see Hannah at the pharmacy and tells her of the horrors of war while she drives to her house.
In the present, Sean wakes up and looks out of the window and it is revealed that he has reenlisted and has returned to Iraq.
Krul goes on to say that this book is for entertainment, but that it is also meant to shed some light on the struggles of veterans and how they are being failed.
The by-election was brought about due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Arthur Walsh in order to take up his Oxford University seat.
Charlton was born on 20 September 1789, the son of Nicholas Lechmere Charlton and his wife Susanna, daughter of Jesson Case.
In 1836, Charlton appeared in the Court of Chancery before Master in Chancery William Brougham as counsel to advocate a petition presented by himself and others, regarding the appointment of trustees to charities in Ludlow.
He ordered Charlton to attend the court to explain why he should not be committed to the Fleet Prison for contempt of court.
In 1879, Birnbaum succeeded Zvi Hirsch Weintraub as the main cantor in the Jewish community of Königsberg and held this position until his death in 1920.
They contain his thematic catalogue, which lists synagogal melodies on about 7,000 cards, as well as his collection of references to music in rabbinical texts.
The holiday is celebrated by women in Jewish communities in the Middle East and is linked to several events throughout Jewish history.
In addition, there are those who link the holiday to the story of Jephthah's daughter, to the expulsion of the alien women during Ezra the Scribe times, and there are those who ascribe the holiday to the story of other heroic women: Deborah and Jael, Serah daughter of Asher, Hannah and her seven sons and Bruriah the wife of Rabbi Meir.
They are distinguished from closely-related groups by having the first antenna shorter than the combined length of the head and thorax, the second antenna being unbranched.
Combining these two methods did not significantly alter the predatory efficiency of the copepod, reducing it to 78 and 59% respectively.
Annunciation is a 1505-1510 oil on canvas painting by Andrea Previtali, produced for the high altar of the church of Santa Maria Annunziata in Meschio, now a district of Vittorio Veneto, where it is still on show.
He was named second team All-District 23-5A as a sophomore and to the first team in his junior and senior seasons.
Jones started all 13 of the Cougars's games as a redshirt freshman and ten the following season, missing two games due to a knee injury.
He took part in a local sumo tournament in his first year of elementary school, and in junior high he represented Chiba Prefecture in the team competition at the National Junior High School Sumo Championships.
In January 2019 he suffered a right anterior cruciate ligament injury and he pulled out on Day 3, only to attempt a comeback on Day 9.
He is a fan of the band One Ok Rock and got to meet them after they performed in Fukuoka Prefecture on 27 November 2019, where Takanoshō was on a regional sumo tour.
Starring Kajol, Tanvi Azmi, Mithila Palkar and Kunaal Roy Kapur in the leading roles, the film is helmed by Renuka Shahane, revolving around the life of three women from the same family, belonging to different generations.
The film was confirmed to be happening by director, Renuka Shahane late 2018 and on 19 Oct 2019 the cast, the crew and small details of the plot were announced by the producer Siddharth P Malhotra.
Ilse Becker-Döring (born September 15, 1912, in Frankfurt, died April 5, 2004 ) was a German lawyer and politician ( CDU ).
Becker-Döring passed the first state examination in law at the Higher Regional Court in Frankfurt in 1944 and did her doctorate on April 28, 1949, at the University of Frankfurt am Main on a divorce law topic.
In 1951, she founded her own law firm with a focus on family law and was the first lawyer to be admitted to the Braunschweig Chamber.
Between 1961 and 1972, she was councilor and also between 1966 and 1972 the 1st mayor of the city of Braunschweig.
The Land of Gilead is an book by Thomas Oliphant published in Edinburgh and London in 1880 (W. Blackwood and sons) and in New York in 1881 (D. Appleton & Co.).
In it Oliphant proposed to bring Jewish immigrants to build a self supporting agricultural community in Palestine, the land he calls Gilead.
In 1879 Oliphant traveled to the Middle East to examine Gilead, which he took to be located east of the River Jordan, and to extend from the biblical River Jabbok, now called the Zarqa River to the Yarmouk River.
Oliphant biographers Margaret Oliphant, (who is unrelated to Oliphant,) and Anne Taylor both argue that Oliphant's motivation was to bring the Second Coming by encouraging Jews to return to Israel.
She has served as the ambassador of Honduras to Canada, vice chancellor of Foreign Affairs, and deputy in the National Congress for the Liberty and Refoundation party.
She completed her university studies in dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry of the National Autonomous University of Honduras, where she graduated as a doctor of dental surgery in 1989.
Later she traveled to Mexico accompanying her husband, but soon returned to Honduras due to pregnancy, and practiced dentistry for a short time.
In the 2013 general election, she won a seat in the National Congress representing Francisco Morazán Department for the Liberty and Refoundation party.
On social media, she created a great controversy by responding to a tweet from the United States ambassador, James D. Nealon, criticizing him for praising the election of the new magistrates, asking him to fight corruption and impunity, and insisting that there was a dictatorship in Honduras.
In July 2016, she presented a bill to ratify the referendum to conduct a popular consultation on the issue of presidential reelection.
In July 2016, she was denounced by businessman Vicente de Jesús Carrión for the alleged criminal offenses of insults and defamation, due to tweets in which she claimed that Carrión had been caught up in money laundering on 29 November 2015.
In 2017, she proposed legalizing the morning after pill for use in cases of rape, to prevent the victim from having to have the rapist's child.
Klatten started playing golf at the age of 7, and while at Georgia State University was a 2007 first-team All-CAA selection.
She represented France in four European Girls' Team Championship 2003 and won the Coupe Cachard of the Golf de St.Cloud in 2006 with the amateur course record of 63 (-9).
She turned professional after having passed the LET qualifications December 2010 in the top 10 along with Caroline Hedwall, Belén Mozo, Stacey Keating, Mikaela Parmlid and Klara Spilkova.
Joining the LPGA Tour in 2014, Klatten quickly become known as one of the tour's longest players, as she finished third in driving distance her debut season in 2014.
The following year she won the Kia Power Drive crown and took home a brand new Kia Sorento, with drives of on average of 274.4 yards on the season, over five yards longer than her nearest competitor.
In addition to winning four tournaments on the ALPG Tour, top performances include finishing sixth at the 2016 Lotte Championship on the LPGA tour and third at the 2013 Open de Espana and the 2019 Lacoste Ladies Open de France.
Lament over the Dead Christ is a 1524 or 1525 oil on canvas painting by Andrea Previtali, produced for the church of Sant’Andrea, Bergamo, where it still hangs.
The 2019 Ohio Valley Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Ohio Valley Conference held from November 1 through November 10, 2019.
The first round and quarterfinals of the tournament were held at campus sites hosted by the #3 and #4 seeds, while the semifinals and final took place at Houck Stadium in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.
The Murray State Racers were the defending champions and did not defend their title, losing to eventual champions Belmont 2–1 in the Semifinals.
The conference tournament title was the first for the Belmont women's soccer program and the first for head coach Heather Henson.
On November 4, 1964, Dunn was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 3rd district from January 13, 1965 to 1966.
The Earldom of Gowran is an ancient Irish feudal earldom dating back to the fourteenth century (although the roots of the lordship itself are thought to be considerably older).
The Mac Giolla Phádraig, Kings of Ossory were often referred to as Princes of Gowran, having their royal seat at Gowran during the tenth century.
From 1169, the Hiberno-Norman Butler family took control of 44,000 acres of what is now County Kilkenny, including Gowran; a territory they subsequently held for more than 500 years.
The castle eventually passed out of ownership of the Dukes of Ormonde in the early eighteenth century before it was rebuilt in its entirety in 1816-9 by the Agar family, Viscounts Clifden of Gowran (1781-1974).
Prior to his elevation, Lord John Butler (1643-1677) had sat in the Irish House of Commons as member for Trinity College, Dublin.
In light of the provisions of the 2009 Act, it is yet to be determined whether or not the feudal earldom of Gowran can be considered extant.
Intrigo: Death of an Author is a 2018 German-Swedish-American mystery crime drama film directed by Daniel Alfredson and starring Ben Kingsley and Benno Fürmann.
Launched in 2019 as a unifying branding for all of the company's country-formatted stations across Canada, the network currently airs on 13 stations nationwide, as well as on selected digital subchannels of radio stations in markets where the company offers digital radio service but does not have a country-formatted primary station.
Sophie Moroz and Jeff Hopper, the morning hosts on the network's Ottawa station, also host a national country music chart show on weekends.
In January 2020, the network's station in Kingston committed to playing a 50/50 balance of male and female country artists for one week, to draw attention to continued gender inequity in the music business.
Beyond the Earth, the narrator of the story is watching over several people from all around the world, implying they are split parts of the same soul.
In Kampala, Uganda, fourteen years old Luke is causing commotion in the local Anglican church, asking questions regarding the Reverend's sermon about homosexuality.
In North Korea’s border river Tumen the local family is trying to escape to China, but is shot by the state military forces, leaving the fourteen years old Nae-il the only survivor.
In New Jersey, USA, fifteen years old promising gospel singer is auditioning for singing lessons before a demanding vocal coach, who refuses to work with people of color, winning his attention with her talent and her mother's cold ambition.
After family banishment of his lesbian cousin in Baghdad, Iraq, fifteen years old Hakim is promising to God he will bury his interest in boys – a promise he is breaking because of his new neighbor, Fuad.
The longest timeframe in the book is in Tamika's story – 44 years, and the shortest – Iman's story – only 17 hours.
Each chapter in the book is titled with the name of the lead character in it, written on their original language.
Although each chapter is dedicated to the protagonist after it's title the storylines are mixing with the plot development in the book.
Both Bulgarian and English print and eBook editions are set to premiere on 12 March 2020, with special premiere event set on 14 March in Sofia.
Both photograph and video teaser are used in Goodreads, Instagram, Facebook and Grindr campaigns urging the potential readers to pre-order the book.
Also, video teasers with small experts from the books in Bulgarian and English were created to help presentation of the main characters.
Lament over the Dead Christ is a c.1522 oil on canvas painting by Lorenzo Lotto, now in the sacristy of Sant'Alessandro in Colonna on via Sant'Alessandro in Bergamo.
The work was restored in 1548, 1702, 1880 and 1998, not always respecting the original tones and colours and thus rendering it difficult to recognise Lotto's traditional characteristics..
The work was commissioned for the Corpus Domini chapel by the 'Societas Corporis Domini nostri Jesu Christi et Sancti Joseph', a confraternity.
He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machine and was the founder of what became one of the first American multi-national businesses, the Singer Sewing Machine Company.
He is a member of the reigning World Junior Curling Championships gold medallist team and currently skips a team on the World Curling Tour.
The team won the Ontario Junior Championships and represented Ontario at the 2016 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, where they finished with a 5–5 record.
There, the team had win a tiebreaker match, and a semifinal before losing to British Columbia's Tyler Tardi in the final.
Also in 2017, Hall led his Sir Wilfrid Laurier University men's curling team of Robert Lyon-Hatcher, Kenneth Malcolmson and Russell Cuddie to a 3–4 record at the 2017 U Sports/Curling Canada University Championships.
For his final year of juniors, Hall moved to Surrey, British Columbia to play for the then two-time Canadian and defending World Junior champion Tyler Tardi rink at second.
The team represented British Columbia at the 2019 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, winning a gold medal with just one loss along the way.
The team represented Canada at the 2019 World Junior Curling Championships, where they suffered just two losses en route to winning the gold medal.
Between the Canadian and World Juniors, the team also made a run at the 2019 BC Men's Curling Championship, but failed to qualify for the playoffs.
As World Junior champions, the team was invited to play at the 2019 Champions Cup Grand Slam event, where they were winless.
She attended Sir George Monoux College in Walthamstow before going on to train at the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 2011.
In 2012 she was a recipient of the G. de B. Robinson Award for a paper she coauthored that introduced free Bessel laws, a two-parameter family of generalizations of the free Poisson distribution.
She is currently a researcher for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), associated with the Toulouse Institute of Mathematics.
It was one of the first works commissioned in Bergamo by Paolo and Giovannino Casotti, part of the Casotti de Mazzoleni, a merchant family made rich by the wool and silk trade.
The choice of subject was not casual, as it was produced in the year that Bergamo was besieged by French troops, supported by the Holy Roman Emperor, and only two years after Louis XII of France had called an assembly of prelates, threatening schism.
The work nominally portrays the Transfiguration of Christ, though it omits the three apostles traditional to paintings of that event and relegates the figures of Moses and Elijah to the distance.
All three persons of the Holy Trinity are represented, with the Holy Spirit as a white dove and the Father as white light, a cloud and words on scrolls above and beside the Son, a representation of the Trinity very different to that Previtali later produced for the church of Almenno San Salvatore.
In the left and right background is a naturalistic landscape and the River Jordan, referring to Christ's baptism, another event marked by the presence of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
Lake Ingram, also sometimes spelled as Inghram, is a natural freshwater lake on the west side of Orlando, Florida, in Orange County, Florida.
This lake has no public boat docks, no public swimming areas and only a little public access from Avalon Road, which borders its eastern tip.
PGA Tour card holders gain their status via tournament wins, finishing in the top 125 in the previous season's Fed Ex Cup, or through promotion from the previous season's Korn Ferry Tour.
Members in the higher categories can usually guarantee qualification for any PGA Tour tournament, in the lower categories entry can be less certain and the priority order within the category is reshuffled during the season.
Players without a PGA Tour card, but with a status within the PGA priority rankings will often have to rely on sponsor's exemptions to qualify for a tournament.
My Heart Can't Beat Unless You Tell It To is an upcoming American horror film written and directed by Jonathan Cuartas and starring Patrick Fugit and Owen Campbell.
A Night You Can't Mist was a live professional wrestling Impact Plus event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with House of Hardcore and aired exclusively on Impact Plus.
The main event featured the return of The Great Muta to Impact Wrestling since 2015 as he teamed with Tommy Dreamer against Johnny Impact and Michael Elgin in a tag team match, which Muta and Dreamer won.
In other prominent matches on the undercard, Eddie Edwards took on Sami Callihan in a South Philly Street Fight, Willie Mack defended the HOH Twitch Television Championship against Rich Swann and Teddy Hart in a three-way match and Taya Valkyrie defended the Impact Knockouts Championship against Jordynne Grace.
The event was named after the Japanese wrestler The Great Muta, who would be making his return to Impact Wrestling since 2015 and would be the second Impact Plus special after Code Red.
On May 25, Impact Wrestling announced that the main event of A Night You Can't Mist would be a tag team match pitting The Great Muta and Tommy Dreamer against Johnny Impact and Michael Elgin.
On May 28, it was announced that Taya Valkyrie would defend the Knockouts Championship against Jordynne Grace at A Night You Can't Mist.
The Casotti Madonna or Madonna and Child with Saint Paul, Saint Agnes and Donors is an oil on panel painting by Andrea Previtali now in the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo, commissioned in 1523 by Paolo Casotti, a rich merchant from Bergamo, the artist's native city.
He made his Super Rugby debut while for the in their round 1 match against the in January 2020, coming on as a replacement lock.
He has been serving as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa for the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) since May 2019.
The Baglioni Madonna or Madonna and Child with Saint Jerome and Saint Anne is an oil on panel painting by Andrea Previtali, now in the art gallery of the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo.
The cave is 1700 m in length and spreads over area of 14,000 m. Initially the river creates a gorge with no openings and then flows into a narrow pond.
Cave entrance is a 30 m long and 40-50 cm high hole filled with fine sand and tree branches washed in from Bgheristskali river estuaries.
The river crosses from east to west an open space and disappears at the western ending in Nazvavi river and a small shallow siphon.
Visitors without special equipment can enter cave only at a time of droughts, when the level of the water is low and the entrance is opened.
A Democrat, Reyes has represented the 87th district of the New York State Assembly, covering Parkchester and Castle Hill, since 2019.
Reyes was born in the Dominican Republic to a Dominican mother and a Puerto Rican father, and immigrated to the United States at age 6.
She obtained her degree in nursing in 2013, and has worked as an oncology nurse at the Montefiore Medical Center since 2014.
In June 2018, Reyes announced her campaign for the Assembly's 87th district, vacated by Luis R. Sepúlveda, who had been elected to the State Senate in a special election.
After handily defeating two other Democrats in the September primary, Reyes won the general election against Republican Alpheaus Marcus with 94% of the vote.
Madonna and Child with Saint Dominic and Saint Martha of Bethany is a 1517-1520 oil on canvas painting by Andrea Previtali produced for the monastery of Santa Marta (dedicated to Saint Martha) in Bergamo and since 2010 in the collections of the UBI Banca in Bergamo.
No record of the work's commissioner survives, but other information on the work strongly suggests it was for the cell of a monk of the monastery of Santa Marta near the church of San Leonardo, such as its dimensions, too large for an ordinary private devotional altarpiece but too small for one commissioned by a church.
Saint Martha has her usual attributes (a Tarasque and the bowl of holy water with which she tamed it) and wears a Dominican habit, whilst Saint Dominic on the left holds a model of a large three-naved 15th-century-style church, possibly representing the church of Santo Stefano in the city.
This includes two figures in its doorway, possibly St Dominic himself and Saint Stephen in the red dalmatic of a deacon and a martyr.
Additions included a small extension in 1912, a new female wing in 1923 and a mortuary in 1932 as well as a nurses' home in 1934.
The main hospital was demolished in 2002 and replaced by a modern health centre which retained the Queen Victoria Hospital name.
He returned to the role briefly in 1989, with the opportunity to appear in a spin-off series based on the character, but no television network would produce the show.
He also concentrated on his stage career gaining roles in productions that toured Australia, including various projects at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival.
In a 1988 interview, Paine stated that he feared he would become typecast in the role and did not regret leaving.
The show was based on Paine's own experience attending a one day anger management work shop following a dispute with a neighbour.
The amount of competitors for each event shortens, with 32 players participating in the Grand Prix, 16 in the Players Championship, and 8 in the Tour Championship.
Football Club de Limonest Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or commonly known as FC Limonest Saind-Didier or FC Limonest is a French football club based in Limonest in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.
The club has climbed steadily through the amateur divisions, winning promotion to the seventh tier in 1979 and the sixth tier in 2007.
In 2016, the club won promotion for the first time to the fifth tier, Championnat de France Amateur 2, after winning the final match of the season against FC Vaulx-en-Velin.
In the 2018–19 Coupe de France, the club reached the Round of 64, beating fourth tier Créteil before losing 1–0 to Sète.
In the following year's competition they went one round better, beating third tier clubs Villefranche and Le Puy, eventually losing to Ligue 1 side Dijon in the Round of 32 at home, to a goal in the last minute of extra time.
He served as ambassador to the IAEA and the U.N. Office in Vienna; ambassador to Cyprus (1996-1999); acting ambassador and deputy chief of mission at the Embassy in New Delhi, India; and political counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Amman.
Brill retired from the Foreign Service after 35 years and became president of The Fund for Peace from 2010 to 2011.
His final position at the State Department was founding director of the National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC) (part of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence).
Byard arrived in South Australia sometime before 1885, when he started teaching at Whinham College, and took evening classes in Senior Latin at the University of Adelaide.
The following year, he and Herbert S. Steer ran evening classes at Whinham College and was elected president of the Collegiate Schools Association.
In July 1886 he reopened Hahndorf College (it had closed due to the illness of its headmaster and proprietor T. W. Boehm), with himself and Steer as joint principals.
Byard and Steer had borrowed £1,200 to purchase the college building, and prospects appeared rosy when a typhoid epidemic struck the school and many potential students stayed away.
Byard started an affiliated Hahndorf College Boy Scout troop sometime in or before 1909, in which year the first Christmas camp (jamboree) was held at Milang.
Byard (8 February 1859 – March 1949 at St Leonards, Sussex) married Matilda Eunice Rogers (8 April 1859 – 19 May 1932) c. November 1881 in Woolwich, Kent.
The research of Béla Paizs have led to detailed characterization of peptide fragment ion structures and dissociation mechanisms, and have shown underlying fundamental physical and chemical principles.
He held a position as group leader since 2004 at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg until 2013 when he moved to Bangor University.
Aktam Ahmadovich Haitov is a Uzbek politician who is currently serving as a member of the Legislative Chamber from 25 December 2019.
From 1994 to 2000, he worked at the Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service, as well as in the Samarkand administration department.
He worked in the Informational and Analytical Department of the Cabinet of Ministers from 2000 and became department head in 2002.
From 2005 to 2006, he worked as the First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of Uzbekistan on demonopolization, support of competition and entrepreneurship, the head of the consolidated information and analytical department on economics and foreign economic relations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the first deputy minister of labor and social protection of the population of the Uzbekistan.
From 2006 to 2014, Haitov worked as Acting Minister, then Minister of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of Uzbekistan.
From 2014 to 2016, he was Deputy Chairman of the Board of Biokimyo JSC, in 2016–2017, Director General of the Uzbek Agency for Standardization, Metrology and Certification, and in 2017–2018, Minister of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
On 3 August 2018, at the 10th Meeting of the Political Council of the Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, Haitov was elected the leader (chairman of the executive committee of the political council) of the party.
He is also the chairman of the Council of the Council of farmers, dekhkan farms and owners of household lands in Uzbekistan.
In September 1981 when he was a part of the Irish National Liberation Army Belfast Brigade O'Prey & the INLA Belfast Brigade O/C Gerard Steenson killed a British UDR soldier Mark Stockman in a west Belfast factory on the Springfield Road.
As O/C of the IPLO's Belfast Brigade O'Prey is believed to have been part of the hit team that killed outspoken Loyalist & UVF member George Seawright in November 1987.
He was also alleged to have been involved in the killing of Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) member William Quee, when he was shot and killed by the IPLO at his shop in Oldpark Road, Belfast.
Probably the most infamous act he was involved in, was the Orange Cross Social Club shooting, in which a member of the Loyalist paramilitary the Red Hand Commando was killed and several others were injured.
On the 16 Augustt 1991, a Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) team burst into his home in Ardmoulin Terrace on the Lower Falls in west Belfast.
Two UVF men broke into the back of O'Prey's home and found him on the sofa in his living room along with his daughter and a friend.
The UVF men fired shots at O'Prey killing him while he lay on the sofa, his daughter and the other man were unharmed.
Jimmy Brown (Irish republican) founder & leader of the IPLO along with its political wing Republican Socialist Collective and a close friend of O'Prey, gave the graveside oration at O'Prey's funeral.
She was the first female member of the Legislative Assembly, the first woman to be elected Deputy Speaker, and the first female judge in the Lands and Title Court.
She remained in New Zealand, working in Dunedin, Wellington, Auckland and Gisborne, before returning to Samoa to work at the hospital in Motootua.
In 1970 general elections Filipo contested the Palauli West constituency, and was elected unopposed, becoming the first female member of the Legislative Assembly.
She retained her seat in 1973, before switching to the Aana Alofi constituency for the 1976 elections, in which she was re-elected.
The saint on the right is not definitively identified and lacks the traditional attributes of either St Thomas Aquinas or St Vincent Ferrer.
Emma Latimer Fall was born on July 8, 1885 in Malden, Massachusetts to George Howard Fall, a former Mayor of Malden, and Anna Christy Fall, the first female lawyer in Massachusetts.
Her parents met while students at Boston University School of Law and had their own law practice with offices in Malden and Boston.
Staying at Boston University, she earned A.B., LL.B cum laude, and LL.M degrees from Boston University School of Law in 1908.
In 1932, Schofield addressed the Zonta club in Binghamton and the Southern New York chapter of the American Association of University Women.
When her parents would not let her join their firm, she set up a private practice and authored articles for legal journals.
She remained in the position until 1927 when Attorney General Arthur K. Reading appointed her the first female assistant attorney general.
She was appointed by Governor Frank G. Allen as the first female judge in New England in 1930 simultaneously with Shulman.
In her role as a judge, she became the first woman to swear in a mayor of Malden, Fred I. Lamson, in 1956.
In October 1931, Schofield began teaching a course at Portia Law School and presided over a mock trial on February 26, 1932.
She joined the faculty in 1932 and, in addition to mock court, taught courses in deeds, mortgages and easements, and examination of land titles.
The family settled in Malden and, for the first two years of Albert Jr.'s life, Schofield dedicated herself to taking care of her children.
Scofield's mother, Anna Christy Fall, died in 1930 and her father and husband died within 24 hours of each other in 1937, when their children were 20 and 16 years old.
As a civic leader, Schofield was a part of a number of women’s, civic, political, humanitarian, and world fellowship organizations and movements.
She served as a president of Massachusetts Association of Woman Lawyers, the Professional Women’s Club of Boston, the Business and Professional Women’s Republican Club of Massachusetts, and the Women Graduate Club of Boston University.
She was the founding president of the Business and Professional Women’s Republican Club of Boston, Better Malden Associates, and the Zonta club of Boston.
Schofield was also an active member of the Malden High School Alumni Association, the Malden YWCA, and the Lady’s Aide Association of Malden Hospital.
Liga IV Dâmbovița is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Dâmbovița County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 12 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
St John the Baptist with Four Saints or St John the Baptist Among Other Saints is a 1515 oil on canvas painting by Andrea Previtali, displayed in the first side-chapel on the north side of the nave of the church of Santo Spirito in Bergamo, the artist's birthplace.
At the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru he won the gold medal in the men's 87 kg event.
In 2018 he won the silver medal in at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games in the men's 77 kg event.
He competed at the 1984 and 1988 Paralympics Clark was injured in a motorcycle accident in Woodstock, Ontario at the age of 15 and at the time of the Paralympics, lived in Terrace, British Columbia.
Juhann Mathieu Bégarin (born 7 August 2002) is a French professional basketball player for Paris Basketball of the LNB Pro B.
He initially tried to register to play football, but when he could not find the coach, he decided to play basketball.
Bégarin moved to Corbeil-Essonnes, a suburb of Paris, with his family when he was 16 years old to pursue a basketball career.
He joined INSEP, a prestigious sports institute in Paris, and played for affiliated club Centre Fédéral in the Nationale Masculine 1 (NM1), the third-tier league of France.
In February 2019, he averaged 19.8 points, 6.5 rebounds and 4.3 steals per game at the Adidas Next Generation Tournament (ANGT) Kaunas.
Bégarin represented France at the 2019 FIBA U18 European Championship in Volos, Greece, where he averaged 7.9 points, three rebounds and 1.9 steals per game.
Bégarin's older brother, , is about 14 years his senior and has played basketball professionally in France, including in the LNB Pro A, the first-tier league.
She has climbed the world's top seven summits and she is the first Canadian to ski unassisted to the South Pole.
She studied chemistry at the Royal Military College of Canada and became an aerospace engineer employed to the Canadian armed forces.
The award recognises a Canadian who has personally or administratively contributed a significant service or act in the Himalayan Region of Nepal.
She then negotiated with her employers to have a year off to try and climb the top five summits and to walk and ski to the South Pole.
She has now climbed the seven continent's top summits and she is the first Canadian to have skied unassisted to the South Pole.
Doreen Allen (1879 – 18 June 1963) was a militant English suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) who on being imprisoned was force-fed for which she received the WSPU's Hunger Strike Medal.
In 1905 she married Melville Hodsoll Allen (1879-1932) who worked at the Stock Exchange in London and who served in World War I as a captain in the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment.
Following her arrest in March 1912 for taking part in a window smashing campaign she appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court on 12 March 1912 before being sent for trial at the London Sessions on 19 March 1912 when she was sentenced to four months imprisonment in Holloway Prison; in prison she went on hunger strike and was force-fed.
A fellow-prisoner in Holloway was Mary Ann Aldham and the signatures of the two appear on The Suffragette Handkerchief embroidered by Janie Terrero.
Some such as Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence told stories while Doreen Allen sat at her feet with an arm on her knee; later Emmeline Pankhurst reminisced about the early days of the WSPU.
On 10 June 1912 the three imprisoned grandmothers - Gertrude Wilkinson (aka Jessie Howard), Janet Boyd and Mary Ann Aldham sang together.
When WSPU leader Emmeline Pankhurst returned to Great Britain from America in late 1913 she was met at Plymouth by a group suffragettes which included Doreen Allen.
It is the third version of that theme of the Holy Family in the catalog of works, made by Harold Wethey who gives the catalog number 86.
The composition derives from tthe second example, Anne (Maria's mother) , has disappeared from the left of the group, and instead Mary Magdalenae appears represented to the right of the composition.
The color is charming, very harmonious, especially due to the contrast between the blue of the Virgin Mary's mantle , the red color of which Mary Magdalene wears, and the bright yellow of the Joseph's tunic .
Here instead, he is represented as a playful and smiling Child, who accepts a fruit offered by Jospeph, who is beleived to be a portrait of the artist..
In this example, Mary appears more stylized, but her face expresses a melancholy that she did not have in the previous versions.
Jospeh, on the left of the composition, holds with his right hand a glass bowl with fruit, which he offers to the Infant Jesus.
Mary Magdalene appears in a gracious and kind posture, which nevertheless reveals a complex psychology, which contrasts with the serenity of the Virgin.
José Guerra (born 7 September 1956) is a Venezuelan economist, writer and politician who currently serves as a deputy to the National Assembly of Venezuela.
Guerra also was an advisor to Henrique Capriles in his presidential campaigns of 2012 and 2013 and was Coordinator of the Economic Area of ​​the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD).
He is an economist graduated from the Central University of Venezuela (UCV), with a Specialization in Economics from the Economics Institute of the University of Colorado and a Master's in Economics from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
He was Manager of Economic Research of the Central Bank of Venezuela and a professor at the School of Economics of the UCV where he teaches Theory and Monetary Policy and Economic Problems of Venezuela.
In 1995 and 1996, respectively, he co-authored the works that won the Ernesto Peltzer National Economy Prize awarded by the BCV.
He has published or edited, among others, the following books: Stuies on inflation in Venezuela (BCV 2000), Foreign exchange policy issues in Venezuela (BCV 2004) and Economic policy in Venezuela 1999-2003, (UCV 2004).
He was an economic advisor to Henrique Capriles Radonski, a unitary candidate for the Bureau of the Democratic Unit , during the presidential campaigns of 2012 and 2013.
He was National Coordinator for Economic Matters of the Bureau of the Democratic Unit , a position he left to be a Candidate Independent, with the support of the First Justice party , to the National Assembly by Circumscription 4 of Caracas.
In the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, he was elected Deputy for Circumscription 4 which includes the parishes: El Valle, Coche, Santa Rosalía.
He is an economist graduated in the 60s where modern things in the economy; monetary theory, fiscal theory; they were not developed ... he is a man who has never dedicated himself to the economy itself.
The Paraguay women's national field hockey team represent Paraguay in women's international field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Paraguayan Hockey Association, the governing body for field hockey in Paraguay.
Paraguay has never qualified for the Pan American Cup but they have participated once in the Pan American Games in 1995.
The hospital was established by the conversion of an early 19th century mansion known as Brook House to form the Dover Dispensary in 1851.
After services had transferred to the Buckland Hospital, it closed in May 1987 and the buildings were subsequently converted into apartments.
Scenes from Tebaldeo's Eclogues is a set of four small square oil on panel paintings by Andrea Previtali, now in the National Gallery, London.
They show scenes from the Ferrarese writer Antonio Tebaldeo's eclogue on the life of Damon of Athens, featuring his friend Thyrsis and Damon's love for Amaryllis.
Whilst still misattributed to Giorgione due to their pastoral content and style, they were acquired for their present owner in 1938 by its director Kenneth Clark at a high price, leading to the 'Giorgione Controversy'.
However, comparison with the background landscape in (Detroit Institute of Arts), an undated work signed by Previtali, confirmed that the four London works were in fact also by Previtali.
The film depicts a group of men in Coaticook, Quebec who are performing the roles of the papal zouaves in a historical reenactment of Capture of Rome during the Italian Risorgimento.
The film won the Canadian Film Award for Best Documentary Under 30 Minutes at the 20th Canadian Film Awards in 1968.
While she was preparing a PhD thesis about the history of the SPD, she was offered a job in the office of Landtag of Hesse member Andrea Ypsilanti.
She kept working as Ypsilanti's assistant when the latter became state SPD leader, and then became an assistant of her successor, Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel.
In 2009 and 2013, she was the SPD candidate for the electoral district, losing out to the CDU candidate each time.
As chair of the (German-Chinese parliamentary group) in the Bundestag, she has met with senior Chinese political advisors like CPPCC vice chair Gao Yunlong.
Dagmar Schmidt has a son, who has born in May 2013 and has Down syndrome and an associated heart defect, which required several corrective surgeries.
Attention inequality is a term used to target the inequality of distribution of attention across users on social networks, people in general, and for scientific papers.
The relationship develops also beyond the conceptual level — considering the AIDA process, attention is the prerequisite for real monetary income on the Internet.
As data of 2008 shows, 50% of the attention is concentrated on approximately 0.2% of all hostnames, and 80% on 5% of hostnames.
The Gini coefficient of attention distribution lay in 2008 at over 0.921 for such commercial domains names as ac.jp and at 0.985 for .org-domains.
The Gini coefficient was measured on Twitter in 2016 for the number of followers as 0.9412, for the number of mentions as 0.9133, and for the number of retweets as 0.9034.
More than 96% of all followers, 93% of the retweets, and 93% of all mentions are owned by 20% of Twitter.
Matthew effect plays a significant role in the emergence of attention inequality — those, who already enjoy a lot of attention, get even more attention and those who do not, loose even more.
Ferrophosphorus is used in metallurgy as a source of phosphorus for alloying, for deoxidizing the melt and for removal of unwanted compounds into slag.
Usually about 0.45 w/o of phosphorus is added to iron; higher amount can improve magnetic properties but at above about 0.8 w/o the process parameters have to be too tightly controlled to prevent phosphorus segregation on grain boundaries and resulting excessive brittleness.
Ferrophosphorus can be added to cast iron, where the phosphorus improves fluidity and therefore quality of the castings, can increase wear resistance and cutability.
Ferrophosphorus can be used as a construction aggregate for production of high-density concrete for radiation shielding, as an alternative to usually used steel punchings and shot.
Melaka United Football Club or simply known as the Melaka United FC is a Malaysian football club based in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia.
Melaka United Football Club is a club founded in January 2020 in Melaka City, Melaka and will participated in the third-tier division in Malaysian football, the 2020 Malaysia M3 League.
The Jurasaidae are a family of Coleoptera known from 3 rare species in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest; all known species have neotenic females and normal males.
Michael Bateman (25 March 1932 – 26 March 2006) was a British journalist and author best known for his writing and editing on food.
After rejoining his mother he attended Abingdon School where he was an all round sportsman playing for the first X1 cricket and hockey teams, the athletics team and the first XV rugby team.
After marrying Jane Deverson in 1963 they went to live in Alicante before he found work as a journalist with the Westminster Press, Oxford Mail and Durham Advertiser and then Fleet Street.
In 1981 he became editor for the Express magazine as food editor and in 1982 wrote The Sunday Times Book of Real Bread which increased national wholemeal bread consumption by 5%.
He was the food writre for the The Independent on Sunday from 1990 and won many awards including the Glenfiddich Food Writer of the Year in 2000.
Born in Florence, Pennisi is the son of Alessandra Gobbò, a tennis player of the 1960s who won a Universiade gold medal for Italy.
It consists of two miniature robots, a docking station with a monochrome display, a cartridge port to load software onto, and two controllers.
It was unveiled at the Tokyo Toy Show and was put up for pre-order on Sony Corporation's First Flight crowdfunding platform in June 2017.
Alongside the hardware itself, Sony has released a variety of themed kits that include game cartridges, additional toys for the robots and books with activities.
On 13 August 1941, she was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron One (MTBRon 1) under the command of Lt. William C. Specht and assigned to Pearl Harbor.
In May 1942, the squadron was reassigned to Lt. Clinton McKellar Jr. and tasked with the defense of Midway Island being lead by Marine Corps Colonel Harold D. Shannon.
The squadron made the 1,385 mile trip under their own power, then the longest made by PT boats to date refueling at Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals, and Lisianski Island.
After the battle, the squadron was sent to attack the remainder of the Japanese task force but was unable to locate the target.
Miloš Bobić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Бобић, on 27 December 1979 in Belgrade, Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia), commonly known as MC Monogamija, is a Serbian rapper.
Miloš Bobić was born on 27 December 1979 in Belgrade, where he finished elementary school, high school and a College of Hotel Management.
In 2001, Bobić started making new music, which he couldn't release because of the brutality of his texts, being too violent for commercial.
In 2007, Bobić collaborated with the Serbian rapper known as Juice (rapper) on a diss-track, which was a critic on a lot of Serbian and Bosnian rappers.
The Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border is 2,646 km (1,644 m) in length and consists of two non-contiguous sections: a 225 km (140 m) section along the border with Angola's province of Cabinda, running from the Atlantic Ocean to the tripoint with the Republic of Congo, and a much longer 2,421 km (1,504 m) section running from the Atlantic to the tripoint with Zambia.
The border starts in the west on the Atlantic coast, proceeding to the north-east by an irregular and then a straight line, before turning to the north where it then proceeds in a straight line up to Luali river.
The border then follows this river north to the confluence with the Chiloango, then following the latter as it flows to the north-east up the tripoint with the Republic of Congo.
The border starts in the west on the Atlantic Coast at the estuary of the Congo River, following this river eastwards for a period before leaving it just north of the Angolan town of Noqui.
It then proceeds in a roughly straight line eastwards, occasionally utilising rivers such as the Mpozo, Lufo and Luvemba, before reaching the Lubishi river, following this briefly to its confluence with the Kwango.
The border then proceed eastwards, utilising a number of rivers (notably the Lola, Wamba, Kombo, Lucaia, Kwenge, Luita, Congolo, Lovua and the Chicapa) and straight overland lines (including the 7th parallel south and 8th parallel south), before reaching the Kasai River.
The border then follows this river, and then the Luao, as they flow to the south, before turning east and proceeding overland via various irregular lines to the Zambian tripoint.
Portugal had begun exploring the coast of modern Angola in the 1480s, and over the following century established a number of coastal settlements, gradually expanding into the interior at the expense of the native kingdoms of Kongo, Matamba, Ndongo and others.
Portugal had also established a tentative presence in what is now Cabinda in 1783, a claim recognised in an Anglo-Portuguese treaty of 22 January 1815.
In the 1880s numerous European powers sought to create colonies in the continent a process known as the Scramble for Africa; this culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
At this time the area of the modern DRC was controlled by the Congo Free State, held under the personal rule of Belgian King Leopold II, who had sponsored various explorations in the region under the guise of humanitarianism.
As a result of the Conference Portugal's claim to Cabinda was recognised, at the expense of Portugal's giving up a short section of coast to the Congo Free State, thereby cutting off Cabinda from mainland Angola.
A large number of boundary agreements were signed in the following decades: on 25 May 1891 a treaty was signed which detailed the Cabinda and Atlantic-Kwango sections of the border in further detail.
A treaty signed shortly thereafter delimited in a rough form the rest of the border, stating that a more precise line was to be drawn later by a boundary commission.
The Kasai-Zambia tripoint section was finalised, following a disagreement over which rivers to utilise, in April–July 1910, being demarcated on the ground in 1914–15.
Administration of the Congo Free State was taken over by the Belgian government in 1908 following controversies engendered by the atrocities committed by Leopold's forces there.
The Belgian Congo gained independence (as the Republic of the Congo, later renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo) on 30 June 1960.
The southern border section has also been unstable for much of this period also, due to civil wars in Angola and Congo, resulting in numerous cross-border incursions and refugee flows.
Alongside her contemporary Layla Balabakki, she was regarded as one of the pioneering vanguards shaping the literary culture scene of Beirut in the 1960s.
The book explores the life of a young woman called Nada who experiences depression due to her father's attempts to indoctrinate her into traditional womanhood, against the backdrop of a modernizing Beirut.
Cotter was formerly dean of law at the University of Saskatchewan and was one of the original professors and writers in the field of legal ethics in Canada.
Prior to his academic career, Cotter was a public servant for the government of Saskatchewan and served as Deputy Minister of Justice and Deputy Attorney General and has also served as the province's Deputy Minister of Intergovernmental and Aboriginal Affairs.
Zofia Agnieszka Kłakówna (born 15 May 1950) is a Polish philologist, educational theorist, academic and schoolteacher of Polish language with practice at all levels of school teaching.
A lecturer at the Pedagogical Academy in Kraków (1974–2005) and the Jan Długosz Academy in Częstochowa (2010–2017), a teacher of Polish language at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (1977–1980), she also worked as a teacher and director of the Polish School in Rabat, Morocco (1984–1986).
textbook series, which began to arise in advance of officially announced school and curriculum reforms that followed with the 1989 political transformation in Poland (1993–2011).
A daughter of Izabela née Raszpla (1913–1967) and Kazimierz Kłak (1903–1968), she graduated from the Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna in Kraków (WSP), at which she studied Polish philology between 1969–1974, as well as for some time Russian philology.
In 1974, she was employed at the Department of Didactics of Polish Literature and Polish Language of the Institute of Polish Philology at WSP.
36 in Kraków (1983–1984) and at the Polish School at the Embassy of the People's Republic of Poland in Rabat, Morocco (1984–1986).
In 2008, she was commissioned by the Ministry of National Education as a reviewer of the new curriculum proposal in the field of Polish language.
In addition to the books that she published as an author, co-author or editor, Kłakówna has published almost sixty articles in the field of literature and didactics of the Polish language in professional magazines.
Born in Mozzo into a family which had been active in Bergamo since the 16th century and which had held the title of count since the 18th century, he entered public life in 1816 as a member of the Lombard-Venetian guard during Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor's visit to Bergamo.
In 1835 Bergamo's Accademia Carrara made him its auction commissioner, whilst he also served as the city's podestà from 1842 to 1848, with his resignation from the latter role triggered by the Revolutions of 1848.
He acquired several artworks in the 1820s, gathering a collection of around 500 works in Villa delle Crocette in Mozzo, which became a stop on the tourist-trail in the area.
The city found the will's condition hard to meet and so in 1866 renegotiated with Guglielmo's heir Carlo to allow the works to be hung in a room in the Accademia Carrara with the Lochis coat of arms over the door.
Judith Keating is a Canadian Canadian Senator and former provincial civil servant and lawyer from the province of New Brunswick, who also had a career in the public service.
On January 31, 2020, Keating was nominated by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to fill the vacant Senate seat in New Brunswick, which had became vacant earlier in the month following the mandatory retirement of former Senator Paul McIntyre.
including as Chief Legislative Counsel, Chief Legal Advisor to the Premier of New Brunswick, the province's First Nations Representative, and a provincial chair of the working group on Truth and Reconciliation.
Douglas Hoelscher is an American political aide, currently serving as Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs in the Donald Trump Administration.
In 2001, he became a political coordinator and scheduler for the White House Office of Political Affairs, serving under Ken Mehlman.
Hoelscher worked for the Republican National Committee in 2004, and later served as the Director of the Iowa Office of State–Federal Relations in the administration of Terry Branstad.
Hoelscher also worked at PricewaterhouseCoopers and as Executive Director of the Homeland Security Advisory Council during the George W. Bush Administration.
Hoelscher joined the Donald Trump Administration on February 14, 2017 as Deputy Director of Intergovernmental Affairs, and was promoted to Director in June of 2018.
The 1997 Nokia Cup, southern Ontario men's provincial curling championship was held February 4-9 at the Guelph Memorial Gardens in Guelph, Ontario.
The winning rink of Ed Werenich, John Kawaja, Pat Perroud and Neil Harrison from the Churchill Curling Club would go on to represent Ontario at the 1997 Labatt Brier in Calgary, Alberta.
At the national level, she is a five-time Italian women's champion (2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017) and a 2013 Italian mixed champion.
Ansley played high school football at Tallassee High School, where he was an All-State honorable mention in 1998 and an All-State recipient in 1999.
He played college football at Troy, where he started 40 consecutive games and had 19 interceptions in his career.He is tied for 2nd-most interceptions in Troy history.
His secondary improved every year he was there, going from 64th in pass defense in 2013, 44th in 2014, and 32nd in 2015.
In 2018, he was hired by the Oakland Raiders to be their defensive backs coach, becoming the highest-paid defensive backs coach in the NFL.
The peak is situated in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, east-southeast of McCarthy, on the north bank of the Nizina River.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Sourdough Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers.
Winds coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Wrangell Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall.
Chair and Professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia.
She is also interested in using these materials to develop novel sensors and actuators for the fields of environmental energy harvesting, tunable photonic crystals, and ultrasonic transducers .
Usir is a village in the Raghunathpur II CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Usir had a total population of 2,430, of which 1,222 (50%) were males and 1,208 (50%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, political science and a general course in arts.
Banda (Cheliyama) Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Cheliyama, is the major government medical facility in the Raghunathpur II CD block.
Romana Jerković (born 28 November 1964) is a Croatian politician for the Social Democratic Party who has served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Croatian nationwide constituency since February 2020.
She stood for her party at the 2019 European Parliament election in Croatia failing to win a seat immediately but securing a seat among the British seats that were redistributed after the UK left the European Union.
In addition to organizing ongoing parties and an artist residency, the collective runs two record labels and a multi-day annual festival.
Debru was born in Burundi but grew up in Belgium, moving to Uganda in 2010 to teach at the Kampala Film School.
Unlike other local parties, which played mainstream dancehall, reggae, and hip-hop, Boutiq was focused on African genres like kuduro and coupé-décalé.
As the party's audience and reach grew, Debru and Dilsizian opened a recording studio in 2015 and began an artist residency to foster producers throughout Africa.
The 2019 edition of Red Bull Music Festival in New York featured a night dedicated to the collective, although the two Nyege Nyege artists slated to perform, MCZO and Duke, were forced to cancel after customs agents denied them entry into the U.S.
Since 2015, the collective has organized the Nyege Nyege Festival, a multi-day, multi-stage event at an abandoned riverfront resort in Jinja.
In 2018, Uganda's main tourism trade group named the festival the best overall tourism event of the year, repeating the award in 2019.
It also includes performers and DJs from outside the continent, including Juan Atkins, Suzi Analogue, and DJ Scotch Egg, whose music is influenced by African sounds.
British online radio station NTS brought a contingent of DJs to the 2017 festival, and streaming platform Boiler Room has hosted a stage since 2018.
Locals distributed pamphlets condemning the event in 2016, and in 2018, Uganda's minister of ethics attempted to cancel that year's edition, but was overruled by the minister of the interior.
Some releases are home productions that digitally recreate traditional music like chakacha, while others are influenced by Western electronic genres like techno and trap.
The catalogue also includes field recordings by Debru and Dilsizian of tribal performers, many of whom had not been previously recorded.
Jean Bennett is the F. M. Kirby Professor of Ophthalmology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1980, she obtained a Doctorate of Philosophy in Zoology; Cell And Development Biology from the University of California at Berkley.
Leon Rosenberg and Wayne Fenton (Yale), and she also investigated Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease with John Gearhart, Mary Lou Oster-Granite, and Roger Reeves (Johns Hopkins).
From this work, she was awarded a career development grant from the Foundation Fighting Blindness to begin research on gene therapy for retinitis pigmentosa (genetic blindness).
To develop an effective gene therapy in the retina, Bennett started by investigating adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses (AAV) for gene editing in mice and non-human primates at the Institute for Human Gene Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania.
The field of gene therapy was stymied after the death of Jesse Gelsinger during 1999 in a clinical trial for gene editing.
On November 5, 1946, Arnold was elected as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from Wayne County 1st district where he served from January 1, 1947 to 1948.
At the 2019 Summer Universiade held in Naples, Italy he also won one of the bronze medals in the men's 73 kg event.
At the age of six she reports having had her first conscious near-death experience at a lake of the Irtysch, which gave her images and experiences of a world beyond.
As her mental and spiritual development progressed, she claims that she was increasingly able to recognise the human aura and higher beings full of light.
She explains that it is her endeavour to educate people about the spiritual connections and to give them an unexplained and undogmatic access to their own spirituality.
Following the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the war in Donbas, the Ukrainian government has banned from entering Ukraine a number of Russian and international celebrities for publicly support of the annexation or for visiting Crimea in violation of the acting Ukrainian legislation.
Don't Let Me Go (also titled The Healer) is a 2013 American fantasy horror film written and directed by Giorgio Serafini and starring Natalia Dyer.
He is specialist in the history of the Basque Country particularly: the crisis of the Ancien Régime; the fueros, self-governance, the economic concert between Spain and the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and its fiscal system, and the social movements both in Bilbao and in the Basque Country as a whole.
He graduated in Philosophy and Arts in 1976 from the University of Deusto , with a specialty in the field of Geography and History.
He was a predoctoral fellow in the program of the Joint Hispano-American Committee (at the University of Nevada and the University of Deusto), and received his PhD in 1985 with a thesis directed by Julio Caro Baroja.
He has been a professor at the University of the Basque Country since 1995, where he has been a member of the Research Commission (2006-2017) and of the Commissions for the Development of Basque language (1994-2006).
He was a visiting professor at the University of Oxford (1989-1990, 2006-2007), the European University Institute in Florence (1993), and University of Nevada, Reno Center for Basque Studies (2013-2014), as well as director of the Ituna Center for Basque Economic Agreement and Fiscal Federalism Studies Documentation since 2007.
His usual fields of research have been biography and prosopography, the crisis of the Ancien Régime, liberal revolutions, cultural sociability, political-administrative organisation and management, parliaments, daily history and oral history.
He has published 25 books (13 with members of his team and 12 as sole author), 92 book chapters and 83 articles in indexed research journals.
The group was formed in 1989 and it is a member of the International Commission for the History of Representative and Parliamentary Institutions, founded in 1936, affiliated organization of the International Committee of Historical Sciences (ICHS).
He has directed more than twenty PhD theses and has given talks and courses at the University of Oxford, the University of Xalapa, the University of Brasilia, the Sapienza University of Rome, the Autonomous University of Barcelona, the University of Navarra and the University of Nevada.
Between 1985 and 1992 he was president of the Department of History and Geography of the Basque Studies Society (Eusko Ikaskuntza).
He is a historical member of the Basque Summer University (Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea, UEU), an organization that is promoting the creation of a university in Basque since 1973.
Agirreazkuenaga has participated actively since almost its foundation; in 1974, he was a speaker in the section of History, and in 1974-1975 member of the Direction Committee with Manex Goienetxe and Andolin Eguzkitza.
She is the Clifford C. Furnas Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering at University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.
Ying is the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging and is also an American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) Fellow.
In 1999 and 2003, respectively, she graduated with her master's degree and Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Her current work involves using parallel magnetic resonance imaging using multichannel receiver coils, sparsity / compressed sensing signal recovery, and super-resolution microscopy.
She has published three open source Matlab code libraries: two-dimensional phase unwrapping, joint estimation of coil sensitivities and image in parallel imaging (JSENSE) packages, and Nonlinear GRAPPA: a kernel approach to parallel MRI reconstruction.
She was an Assistant and then Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee from 2003 to 2011.
She joined the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York in Spring 2012 and is currently a Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering.
A few months later she returned to Argentina, separated from Fabbiani, of which she was pregnant waiting for a daughter and baptized her with the name of Uma who was born in 2008 in a hospital in Rosario, Argentina.
A month after the courtship, she revealed that she was pregnant and Roque was born in December, the couple was about to separate since Squarzon was unfaithful but in the end they were able to overcome the crisis.
He began his television career in a media way as he went to a program and confessed to having had sex with Robbie Williams when he was on tour with his 2003 Tour of Argentina in November 2004.
In that same year, he participated in a segment called MisionSex of the Chilean REC program and made several light photo sessions of clothes for Chilean magazines and portals.
In May 2007 he joined the reality show of Hermano Famosos of the Argentine television channel Telefe, proving to be the first expelled from the game with 54% of the votes.
Between 2009 and 2010 she was a panelist for the program A Perfect World and posed totally naked for the Argentine edition of Playboy magazine.
He was also in the sixth edition of the Argentine tournament called Bailando 2010, from which he eliminated couples like those of Zaira Nara and Belén Francese.
During 2017 and currently she works as a panelist in Pamela in the afternoon led by Pamela David.13 14 In 2018 she was a panelist of Every Afternoon but was disconnected by a controversial tweet about the death of actress and conductor María Eugenia Laprida.
In April 2019 and after an intense electoral campaign and anti-abortion activism, he appeared in the Province of Santa Fe as a candidate for Provincial Deputy in the elections STEP.17 His participation in the political scene had begun some time before with a party of less recognition and not getting enough percentage to acquire a position.
However, after the pro-life phenomenon against the legalization of abortion in 2018, self-styled Ola Celeste, Granata undertook together with a group of politicians an electoral proposal with these principles and against the so-called gender ideology.
Obtaining around 290 thousand votes, the journalist Amalia Granata, the constitutional lawyer Nicolás Mayoraz and the evangelical referent Walter Ghione along with 4 more candidates became Deputies of the Province of Santa Fe assuming December 10, 2019.
Made of Rain is the eighth studio album from English rock band The Psychedelic Furs, scheduled to be released on 1 May 2020.
The Pansy Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually for twenty-one years from 1890 through 1910 at Sheepshead Bay Race Track at Sheepshead Bay, New York.
Open to two-year-olds under selling conditions it was raced over a distance of six furlongs and, not very common at the time, on turf.
Sent off at 10-1 betting odds, Congressman William L. Scott's Vagabond upset the 2-1 favorite Lord Harry who would finish fourth.
The final edition of the Pansy Stakes was run on July 1, 1910 and was won by Peter Wimmer's filly Imprint.
Passage of the 1908 Hart-Agnew anti-betting legislation by the New York Legislature under Republican Governor Charles Evans Hughes led to a compete shutdown of racing in 1911 and 1912 in the state.
The owners of Sheepshead Bay Race Track, and other racing facilities in New York State, struggled to stay in business without income from betting.
Racetrack operators had no choice but to drastically reduce the purse money being paid out which resulted in the Pansy Stakes offering a purse in 1908 that was nearly 80% less than what it had been in earlier years.
As such, for the 1910 racing season management of the Sheepshead Bay facility dropped some of its minor stakes races and used the purse money to bolster this turf race along with its most important events.
In his time at the department, he served as its chairman (1988–94) and as the acting Dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1995-6).
Kristy Brock is a professor in the Department of Imaging Physics, Division of Diagnostic Imaging and is an adjunct professor in the Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
The 1989 Volvo Tennis San Francisco, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
Huazhuang station (Chinese: 花庄站; Pinyin: Huāzhuāng Zhàn) is a subway station on both Line 7 and Batong Line of the Beijing Subway.
The Mercyhurst Lakers represented Mercyhurst University in CHA women's ice hockey during the 2019-20 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
Following the death of her husband, Richard Pue in 1722, Elizabeth Pue took over the publishing business and running of their coffee house, Skinner Row, Dublin.
An Elizabeth Pue was buried at Church of St. Nicholas Within, Dublin on 19 December 1749, but this might have been her granddaughter.
He served as Chargé d'Affaires from August 2005 after the departure of Ambassador Jendayi Frazer until the July 27, 2006 arrival of Ambassador Eric M. Bost.
At the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China he won the silver medal in the men's +100 kg event.
She has created a number of well-known and highly-visible murals in Puerto Vallarta, and is currently working on a project to completely cover the Lazaro Cardenas Park in tile.
When she was 8 years old, the family decided to move to Mexico, as the parents wanted to more Latin education for their children.
Moraga says she did not like her first years in Mexico, but does not regret her parents’ decision nor considers returning to live in the United States.
She was a very rebellious teenager and at age 15, moved out and still believes it was the right thing to do at the time.
Interested in pursuing trencadis, she got a scholarship to train with mosaic artist Isaiah Zagar in Philadelphia in 2009, with a friend paying her travel and lodging.
Moraga spent a week there learning the basics, but when she returned the later discovered she had to learn more as Mexican materials are different from US ones.
It has attracted attention because this kind of mosaic work was not done in Puerto Vallarta area previously and is extremely uncommon in Mexico.
Moraga created her first tile mural voluntarily on a wall near where she was living at the time in the Emiliano Zapata neighborhood.
There is a wall that encloses a public kindergarten on the corner of Pino Suarez and Basilio Badillo streets, which was covered in graffiti.
At the time, she did not know how she could make a living doing such work until a woman came up to her during this time and offered her US$100 to put her name on one of the tiles as a sponsor.
Her next case was not a wall, but rather the meters-high letters that spell Puerto Vallarta facing the traffic coming in on the highway from the north.
With this project, she had some difficulties with various government agencies, but she received support and lobbying efforts from the local business community.
She has also done smaller public projects such as the benches on Francisco Rodriguez Street between Olas Altas and the Los Muertos pier.
The Parque de Azulejos or Tile Park Project was begun in 2017, coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the founding of Puerto Vallarta.
It is located at Lazaro Cardenas Park, one of the most iconic of the city, but also run down due to lack of maintenance.
At first there was no money at all for the project, but it did not stop anything as she already has tile and other supplies from other projects and started with those.
It is by far her largest project to date, aiming to cover everything there in tile mosaics, turning it into an open-air gallery.
The project takes other kinds of donations as well, including money raised from the project's website and it even has a donation box on site.
As there is no way, the Moragas could work on the project alone, most of the work has been done by volunteers.
Volunteers are trained not only how to set the tiles, but also to create designs and execute them as they are encouraged to participate in the entire creation process.
As of 2019, the park is 70% finished, the Tile Park project does not have a conclusion dates as there are too many variables, such as the number of volunteers, funding and weather conditions.
The project in the park has caught the attention of locals and tourists, making it a popular place to take photographs.
One reason why this organization has been successful is that Moraga is completely bilingual and bicultural, allowing her to work with local authorities, the bricklayers that prepare surfaces, local residents and foreigners living in and visiting Puerto Vallarta.
Moraga has been invited to speak about Mozayko Vallarta and its effects in the community in both Mexico and the United States.
She is the daughter of Hilmar Friedrich Anton Graf vom Hagen and his wife Martha von der Schulenburg and was born in 1872 at Schloss Möckern.
There, two years later in Brussels, she met the writer Carl Einstein, who had been married to Maria Ramm since 1913 and was the father of a young daughter.
During this time, Aga vom Hagen lived together with Carl Einstein, whose marriage wasn't ended until 1923, at Matthäikirchstraße 14 in Berlin-Frohnau.
After Einstein had met the Frankfurt banker's daughter Tony Simon-Wolfskehl at the end of 1922 and wanted to marry her, Aga vom Hagen stayed at Schloss Möckern with the family of her brother Rüdiger Graf vom Hagen more and more frequently.
There, she experienced the Soviet occupation in May 1945, and the expropriation of her parents' property by the land reform in September 1945.
Chinese player, Tian Houwei took out the boy's singles final as he defeated Iskandar Zulkarnain Zainuddin from Malaysia in straight sets.
Lake Sergent is a freshwater body located in the municipality of Lac-Sergent, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The shores of Lac Sergent have a high density of residences and chalets, particularly in the village of Lac-Sergent, located south of the lake.
It is the smallest of the three large resort lakes in the area, the others being Saint-Joseph Lake and Sept-Îles Lake.
The latter, which is to the north, is twice as large in area as Lac Sergent, while Lac Saint-Joseph is located at further east.
Lac Sergent is surrounded by mountainous and forested terrain; in the south-east, the mountain reaches ; to the south, two peaks reach ; to the north, the mountain reaches ; and to the west, the mountain reaches .
Its outfall is the outlet of Sergent Lake which goes southwest on (in a direct line) or (following the current) because of various streamers.
The southern half of the landfill route is in the parish municipality of Saint-Basile; it flows in parallel (on the north side) to the Blanche river which supplies to Lac Blanc located south-east of the mouth of Lac Sergent.
The railroad of Canadian National (formerly the Transcontinental) which serves the top of the county of Portneuf, bypasses the village of Lac-Sergent by the south.
This toponym is mentioned in the 1829 report by surveyor Jean-Pierre Proulx; this toponym then refers to the territory between the rivers Jacques-Cartier and Batiscan.
The historian Eugène Rouillard alleges that this toponym has its origin at the beginning of {XIXthand that this designation pays homage to an old soldier who would have lived on the edge of this lake.
Rågegården is an Arts & Crafts inspired country house from 1915 situated on the eastern outskirts of Rågeleje, Gribskov Municipality, some fifty kilometres northwest of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henri Odewahn, one of the owners of C. J. Carøe, a leading Danish importer of tea and spices, purchased a 7 hectares piece of land at the site in 1914.
Based at Strandgade 36 in Copenhagen, C. H. Carøe's Cingalla Tea was one of the leading tea brands on the Danish market at the time.
After Carl Glad had successfully revived his business a few years later, they were in 1937 able to purchase a property at Frederiksholms Kanal and to reacquire Rågegården.
Sten Bramsen, a DR producer and president of Musikalske Venners Fond, took a 10-year lease on the property in the late 1970s with the intention of operating it as a music venue but the lease was terminated after two years.
The main building is designed in English cottage style with clear inspiration from the Arts & Crafts movement and Baillie Scott.
Rågegården is now owned by UK-based CVC partner Søren Vestergaard-Poulsen, The surrounding woodland, locally referred to as Glads Gave (Glad's Garden), is still owned by the Danish Nature Agency.
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the European Union is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative to the European Union, and head of the United Kingdom Mission to the European Union (UKMis).
This role replaced that of Permanent Representative to the European Union (UKREP) when the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020.
It was the first black library association in the United States and the first black chapter in the American Library Association.
It was founded on April 20–21, 1934, at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, with Mollie Huston Lee and Albert P. Marshall two of the original founders.
At the time, black librarians could not join the NCLA because of racial segregation, however white librarians could join NCNLA and some did.
NCNLA began talks of merging with NCLA in 1948 and the first meeting of a joint committee of the NCLA and NCNLA on the merger of the two organizations was held March 11, 1950.
The membership of NCNLA were invited guests to an NCLA annual meeting on April 26–27, 1951 and over 85 black librarians attended.
The American Library Association made a decision to only allow one library association chapter per state, and required that any state chapter be integrated.
The two associations merged in 1955 after the NCNLA voted in the recommendations of the Committee on Redesignation at their annual meeting on November 5–6, 1954 under the guidance of Constance Hill Marteena.
She represented Mexico at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won two medals: the bronze medal in the women's 82.5 kg event in 2008 and the bronze medal in the women's +82.5 kg event in 2012.
The second division is named Bhutan Super League (BSL) and features eight teams across the country, replacing Thimphu League as qualifying competition for the Premier League.
The lowest division is named Dzongkhag League where teams play in their respective districts (Dzongkhags) to gain promotion to the Super League.
Sandër Lleshi (born 25 January 1963) is an Albanian politician who is currently serving as the Minister of Internal Affairs of Albania.
As for his education in the military field, he began in 1978-1985 when he attended the Skanderbeg Military High School and the Military Academy.
In 2008, Lleshi completed the Senior Executive Seminar at the George C. Marshall Center for European Security Studies in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; In 2011 she completed the International Higher Defense Management Course at the Naval Graduate School in Monterey, California, USA.
From 1996 to 2000, General Lleshi was Commander of Courses at the Defense Academy in Tirana and then, for three more years, Commander of the Skanderbeg Military Academy.
After leaving the club in 2010, Enad once again assumed managerial duties of the club for the 2013–14 Kuwaiti Premier League.
Lechmere and Sir Herbert Pakington, Bt were elected unopposed for Worcestershire in 1734; Lechmere and fellow Tory Edmund Pytts defeated two Whigs in 1741.
He died on 29 March 1805, a few days short of his 95th birthday, and was buried at Hanley on 5 April 1805.
Julie Fernandez-Fernandez (born 20 March 1972) is a Belgian politician for the Socialist Party who was a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 2010 to 2019.
Rogério da Silva Rego (Salvador, Bahia, December 21, 1933 – Itapetinga, Bahia, October 1, 1982) was a Brazilian lawyer, public servant and politician, formerly a federal deputy for Bahia.
Born in the state of Bahia, Brazil, Rogério was the son of José Raimundo Fortes do Rego and Elisa da Silva Fortes do Rego.
Lawyer graduated in 1959 from the Federal University of Bahia, he had political connections with Juracy Magalhães, of whom he was a cabinet officer in his second stint as governor of Bahia between 1959 and 1963, in addition to occupying the positions of legal assistant at the state attorney general's office and the city hall of Salvador, now administered by Heitor Dias.
He was subsequently director of the State Cooperative Department and attorney of the Institute of Retirement and Pensions of the Servants of the State of Bahia.
In 1967 he resumed the function of Jutahy Magalhães's cabinet officer when the latter became vice-governor when he won the 1966 elections with Luís Viana Filho.
Member of ARENA after the granting of bipartisanship by the Military Regime of 1964, he was elected federal deputy for Bahia in 1970, 1974 and 1978.
With the restoration of pluripartisanship, it migrated to the PDS in 1980 and was a candidate for vice governor of Bahia in the Clériston Andrade slate in 1982, but both died during the election campaign in an air accident that killed 11 more people in Itapetinga on October 1, 1982.
Due to the unfortunate event, the state directory of the PDS appointed João Durval Carneiro and Edvaldo Flores as new candidates for governor and vice-governor, respectively, and this slate won the election on November 15 of that year.
The 43rd 2019 Italian Women's Curling Championship () was held from November 2, 2018 to April 14, 2019 in two stages: the group stage (round robin) from November 2, 2018 to March 31, 2019 and the playoff stage from April 13 to 14, 2019.
At the first, group stage (Round robin), the teams play among themselves in a four-round circular system (there used to be two circles).
If the number of victories for two teams is equal, they are ranked among themselves according to the result of two their matches; if the number of victories for three or more teams is equal, according to the results of the sum of Draw Shot Challenge (DSC, in centimeters; the less value move the team to higher place).
Four best teams go to the second stage, playoffs, where they play according to the Page playoff system: two best teams, following the results of the group round, hold a match for a direct hit to the final (playoffs-1).
Konofagou is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, and she received the NSF CAREER Award in 2007.
Konofagou graduated with her bachelor's degree in electrical engineering at Paris VI University and master's degree from Imperial College in 1992 and 1993, respectively.
She received her Doctorate of Philosophy in 1999 from the University of Houston for her research in elastography at the University of Texas Medical School.
The clinical foci of the EUIL include breast, ligament, and myocardial elastography, as well as focused ultrasound therapy related to the blood-brain barrier.
Subsequently, she gained Assistant (2003) and Associate (2009) Professorship roles in the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University.
Justice and Development Party Youth (also known as AK Youth) () is the youth organization of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey.
In 2013 Dorland exhibited his work at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection, alongside fifty paintings by artists from the Group of Seven.
In August 2019, it was announced Radha Blank, Peter Y. Kim and Oswin Benjamin had joined the cast of the film, with Blank directing from a screenplay she wrote and Lena Waithe producing.
She was also the manager of Hamburg, Germany's first all-male strip club, Crazy Boys, and was the founder and proprietor of Angie's Nightclub in Schmidts Tivoli Theatre.
She was one of the first drag stars to take female hormones, an act she was scorned for at the time, and either quit over or was fired for.
Shortly after the film was finished, Stardust completed her gender affirmation with surgery to complement the hormones she had been taking for years.
Stardust performed nightly until 1999 and came to be known as the Big Mama of Soul, as she was known for singing soul, jazz, pop, and musical theater standards.
Acts have included Skinny Lister, Mo Kenney, Ezra Furman, Kristoffer Ragnstam, Andreas Moe, Leyya, Louis Berry, George Cosby, Vita Bergen, Joel Culpepper, Conner Youngblood, Inna Modja, Bess Atwell, and others.
Sir William Edwin Brunyate KCMG (12 September 1867 - ) was an English civil servant who served as legal adviser to the Ministry of Justice, Egypt, during its British protectorate, and was the second vice-chancellor of the University of Hong Kong.
He received his education at Kingswood School, Bath, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated bachelor of arts in 1888 and master of arts in 1892.
He was Legal Adviser from 1903 and it was in this role that he contributed to the drafting of the British Protectorate of 1914.
Brunyate was chairman of the eight-member commission on judicial reform established by the British-controlled Egyptian government in March 1917 which became known as the Brunyate Commission.
By 1919, Brunyate was so despised for promoting conversion of the informal protectorate to something akin to colonial rule that he was assessed an assassination risk.
Brunyate received his appointment to the University of Hong Kong from Secretary of State Lord Milner and arrived in Hong Kong in January 1921.
It was in a state of serious financial uncertainty so he spent his three years in the role attempting to shore up its meager resources.
He was aided at the outset by the fruits of his predecessor Prof. Gregory Jordan's efforts at fund-raising, with over $300,000 coming in from private donors, plus ongoing commitments from others.
Though he achieved some considerable success, he was regarded as rigid, remote and forbidding, and lacking the tact and urbanity of manner demanded of the post.
Brunyate later took an interest in US law, writing on the subject of the 1930 American Draft Code of Criminal Procedure in 1933.
Brunyate, then Khedivial Counsellor, Ministry of Justice, Egypt, was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1907 and, then Legal Adviser under the Sultanate, Knight Commander in 1916.
He was Grand Officer of the Order of the Osmanieh and was conferred the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile.
This lake is located on the line separating the townships of Archambault and Lussier, immediately west of Lake Ouareau into which it flows.
The shores all around Lake Archambault are highly renowned for vacationing, particularly because of the forest, mountain environment, recreational tourism, road access and its position south of the Mont-Tremblant National Park.
The village of Saint-Donat-de-Montcalm, an imposing resort and service center, is located on the peninsula between the eastern shore of Lake Archambault and the western shore of Lake Ouareau.
The surface of Lake Archambault is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The northern part of the lake has two bays: baie de l'Ours (Bear Bay) (to the northwest) and Tire Lake (to the northeast).
A peninsula attached to the west bank extends to the east, delimiting the bay from the south which stretches to the south.
This bay surrounded by resorts is located at the foot of Mont Gaudet (peaking at ) and Mont Jasper (peaking at ).
Lac Archambault, listed as Archambeault in the Nomenclature of Geographical Names for the Province of Quebec in 1916, was once used for particularly intense logging in the second half of the 19th century.
He represented Iran at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's discus throw F57 event.
In front of a home crowd in Helsinki, he partnered with Olli Rahnasto in the doubles rubber to defeat their Cypriot opponents in straight sets.
In doubles he was ranked as high as 189 in the world, with two Grand Prix main draw appearance in 1986, at Hilversum and Kitzbühel.
The Venucia R50 is a subcompact hatchback produced by the Chinese manufacturer Venucia since 2012, with the subcompact sedan version called the Venucia D50, and the crossover version called the Venucia D50X.
The Venucia R50, R50X, and D50 is based on the first generation Nissan Tiida featuring redesigned front and rear end styling.
The Venucia R50 is available with a 1.6 litre engine producing 116 hp and 153nm with an option of either a 4-speed automatic or a 5-speed manual gearbox.
Introduced in September 2012, the Venucia R50 is available with a 1.6 litre engine producing 116 hp and 153nm with an option of either a 4-speed automatic or a 5-speed manual gearbox.
The Venucia R50X was launched on the China car market in 2013 with prices starting from 79,800 yuan and ending at 91,800 yuan.
She then made a voyage as West Indiaman during which a French privateer captured her, but the British Royal Navy quickly recaptured her.
Thanks to its forest and mountain environment, its islands and bays, its proximity to the Quebec (city) and the Duchesnay tourist resort, the resort is very developed around the lake.
The Lake Sept-Îles is located 6 km northeast of the village center of Saint-Raymond, in Portneuf Regional County Municipality; 2.3 km from Sergent Lake (located to the south) and 2.2 km from Saint-Joseph Lake (La Jacques-Cartier) (located to the south-east).
The outlet of the lake is the Portneuf River which flows southwest to the town of Portneuf where its waters flow into the St. Lawrence River.
Colonization around the lake began around 1857-1858; eleven families were listed there in 1861, while the population of Saint-Raymond was then 2,902 inhabitants.
Route 204, also known as Southwest Arm Road, is a east–west highway on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
It connects the communities of Southport, Gooseberry Cove, Butter Cove, Little Heart's Ease, Hodge's Cove, Long Beach, Queen's Cove with the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 1) at North West Brook.
It is a very curvy two-lane highway traversing very hilly terrain along the banks of the western side of Trinity Bay for its entire length.
Sasha Jeaneth Fábrega Bosquez (born 23 October 1990) is a Panamanian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Tauro and the Panama women's national team.
Fábrega has appeared for the Panama women's national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship on 31 January 2020 against the United States, coming on as a substitute in the 33rd minute for the injured Yenith Bailey.
Born on 23 March 1954 in Madrid, Cabanas earned a licentiate degree in Law from the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM).
He has served in several senior posts at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including Director-General of Cultural and Scientific Relations (1996–1998), Director-General of Consular and Migratory Affairs (2010–2011), Director-General of Foreign Policy.
Appointed as Ambassador to the United States in September 2018 in replacement of Pedro Morenés, Cabanas presented his diplomatic credentials to US President Donald Trump on 17 September 2018.
Te Miro (Māori: Te Miro) is an area in the Waipa District of the Waikato Region of the North Island of New Zealand.
The first Maori settlement in the Te Miro area was by the Ngati Haua people at Te Kawehitiki, located on the present day Hopehill farm, at 789 Te Miro Road.
There is a strong Maori history in the area, and a Maori Parliament was established at nearby Maungakawa in the area in the 1880s.
In the 1850s missionaries and farmers from Britain settled in the Te Miro area and introduced modern farming practices to local Maori, helping them set up two flour mills and importing grinding wheels from England and France.
During this time, wheat was a profitable crop, but when merchants in Auckland began purchasing cheaper grain from Australia the market went into decline.
In 1868, Daniel Thornton was the first settler to buy land near Te Miro, and around 1894, his widow established a large residence at nearby Maungakawa Hill, now known as Sanatorium Hill.
In 1916, the government purchased the 12,000 acre farm of James Taylor, which was then opened up to settlement after the First World War, when newly surveyed allotments were balloted to returning servicemen.
Original access was by a road up Maungakawa hill, but eventually Te Miro Road was linked to Flume Road, which has now become the main access.
The focal village of Te Miro township was surveyed at the intersection of Te Miro and Maungakawa roads, with an initial 20 lots of 1 acre designated.
Much of the original balloted farmland required scrub clearing, and for the new settlers, there was little financial support from the government.
In 2020, Te Miro is a community of approximately 280 properties, made up of several dozen dairy and drystock farms over 50 acres in size, around 40 lifestyle blocks of between 2 and 50 acres, and the balance residences on less than 2 acres.
The area shown as Te Miro when retrieved from Google maps at present includes a southern lobe that is usually referred to locally as Whitehall.
The remainder, excluding the Whitehall lobe and locally referred to as Te Miro, is about 27 square kilometres in size, approximately the same area as nearby Cambridge.
Land use is mainly pastoral and dairy farming, some areas of native bush and reserves, and some small blocks of Radiata pine forestry plantations.
Two translations of the Maori word miro are a twist, or a torrent of water, which may have originated from the many streams that twist through the hills of the area.
There are three main rock types in the Te Miro area, which are Greywackes (sediments deposited on the ocean floor about 140 million years ago); Andesite (lava flow from volcanic cones such as Mt Ruru, which erupted 6.2 million years ago); and Ignimbrite (volcanic ash from the Mangakino volcanic centre, from about 1 million years ago).
The soil on top of the rock is largely yellow brown earth, a clay rich soil with coverings of volcanic ash.
The main access to Te Miro is from Te Miro Road, which provides access through Cambridge to the Waikato Expressway, which in turn will provide a 4 lane motorway to Auckland by 2022.
Hamilton Airport, 25 minutes drive from Te Miro, is the nearest airport and provides daily flights to all New Zealand's main centres.
Te Miro is the home of the Te Miro Mountain Bike Park which provides 7 kilometres of mountain bike and jogging trails of various levels of difficulty.
The school was built in 1920, and in the present day has two classes: a junior class (years 1-4), a senior class (years 5-8), and a roll of 31.
There are also five gana or dwarf musicians (or three musicians and two guardians) in the lower area of the piece.
It was found in Parel, once one of the Seven Islands of Bombay, and now a neighbourhood of Mumbai, when a road was being constructed in 1931.
There is a plaster cast on display in the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly the Prince of Wales Museum) in Mumbai.
Apart from being an imposing sculpture of great quality, and in generally good condition, the relief is of special interest because it comes from a similar period to the iconic reliefs at the Elephanta Caves, only a few miles away across Mumbai Harbour.
A relief of Shiva and Vishnu combined in Harihara form at the Jogeshwari Caves in another Mumbai suburb is also comparable.
It is a species that mostly grows in muddy grassland sites, but collections have also been made from sandier, drier sites.
Maurice Marshall Bernbaum (1910– March 8, 2008) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ecuador (1960-1965) and Venezuela (1965-1969).
During his tenure as Ambassador to Ecuador, their President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy was overthrown by the Military Junta of 1963 after criticizing the US government and insulting Bernbaum.
Lanman has authored or co-authored over 100 scientific publications in oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, pulmonology, and psychiatry, as well as historical ecology.
He is the son of American Indian art dealer and author Martha Lee Hopkins Struever and Lieutenant Richard Burnham Lanman, Sr. Lanman grew up in Munster, Indiana where his parents had a hardware store.
While at Northwestern he did basic medical research in the laboratory of cardiologist Michael Lesch, isolating the cathepsin D enzyme from canine myocardium and studying its role in myocardial infarction.
While at Northwestern, Lanman also did research with preventive cardiologist and epidemiologist Jeremiah Stamler on the impact of diet on cholesterol levels.
Graduating from medical school early at the end of 1980, Lanman began his medical internship at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, then in July 1981 began another medical internship at the University of California San Francisco Moffit Hospital.
From 1982 to 1985 he completed his residency in psychiatry at Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, at University of California San Francisco Medical Center.
During residency, Lanman concentrated on treatment of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and patients with bulimia and anorexia, and has authored a book chapter and published medical journal articles in psychiatry and chemical dependency.
After two years of practice at Kaiser in Santa Clara County, he was appointed Chief of Psychiatry, overseeing about 40 healthcare providers in the psychiatry and chemical dependency departments.
After studying physician practice pattern variation, and delays in physician adoption of new technologies and treatments, Lanman was appointed as a Chief of Quality at Kaiser Permanente, where he worked on quality improvement initiatives in the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding by gynecologists, chest pain by emergency medicine doctors, and childhood asthma by pediatricians.
The latter was the topic of a book chapter he authored on variation in physician practice patterns and hospitalization rates for children with asthma across Kaiser's 14 hospitals in Northern California.
Lanman left Kaiser Permanente to take a position as Chief Medical Officer and Sr. Vice President at San Jose Medical Group (SJMG), in San Jose, California from 1993 to 1995, where he managed over 130 employed physicians and drove medical quality initiatives.
This fully integrated multispecialty group practice contracted with over a dozen health maintenance organizations, accepting capitation risk for all physician services under the leadership of CEO Barbara J. Shaw and Board Chairman Victor J. Corsiglia, Jr., MD.
SJMG was written up in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1995 and named by The Advisory Board Company in Washington, D.C. as the most effective medical group in managed care in the country.
His idea was that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) should not use primary care physicians as gatekeepers that limit access to specialty physician care as a cost savings measure.
contract directly with health plans, and align incentives to control costs by adopting minimally invasive procedures and/or medical management by accepting novel severity-adjusted case rates for their work instead of fee-for-service.
These case rates were akin to how obstetricians typically accept a single case rate as payment for managing a women's pregnancy and delivery over a ten-month episode-of-care, except that they were adjusted for diagnosis, age, and comorbidities.
A key attribute of the payment and profiling model was adoption of less-invasive (and less expensive) treatment strategie.s Venture capital investors included Sequoia Capital, New Enterprise Associates, Technology Funding Partners, and InterWest Partners.
After securing contracts with a dozen health plans in the nine physician specialties driving 80%+ of inpatient healthcare costs, Adesso filed for an IPO in early 2000.
Atherotech performed the Vertical Auto Profile- or VAP-expanded cholesterol and lipoprotein test, to improve prediction of risk of heart attack and stroke.
As Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President, Corporate Business Development, Lanman lectured nationally on preventive cardiology and lipidology and coordinated studies using the VAP test's unique lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) cholesterol measurement and other lipoprotein biomarkers in published clinical studies including the Framingham Heart Study, Hopkins Sibling Heart Study and the HDL Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial.
Lanman was recruited in 2005 to a second preventive cardiology biomarker company, diaDexus, Inc., as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer.
At diaDexus, he initiated over a dozen clinical trials supporting the utility of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A (Lp-PLA) as the first biomarker test to predict risk of stroke.
The test for Lp-PLA ( PLAC) was FDA cleared as an aid to clinical evaluation in the prediction of risk of heart attack and stroke associated with atherosclerosis in 2005.
His published work established a clinical cutpoint and contributed to a meta-analysis establishing elevated Lp-PLA levels as a risk for both coronary heart disease and stroke.
In addition to managing the medical affairs team, Lanman also served as Executive Vice President over the sales team from 2005–2007.
After helping launch two cardiovascular biomarker companies, Lanman was recruited to be Chief Medical Officer of Veracyte, Inc. in 2008, then a seed stage company developing minimally invasive genomics tests to better diagnose thyroid nodules and lung nodules without resorting to surgery.
He was responsible for the design of clinical studies and publications resulting in positive technology review and reimbursement coverage by Medicare and private insurers, as well as physician adoption of Veracyte's tests.
Lanman was also a principal investigator for a study with academic pulmonologists and pathologists validating Veracyte's third genomics test that differentiates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
In September 2014, Lanman joined another early stage company in healthcare diagnostics, Guardant Health, Inc. to serve as Chief Medical Officer.
Guardant's first diagnostic test, Guardant360, enabled sequencing of the DNA in patients’ advanced cancers with a simple blood test, as an aid in treatment selection for targeted therapy or immunotherapy without the need for repeat invasive tissue biopsies.
At Guardant he again led the studies, publications, and physician education to achieve positive Medicare reimbursement for use of the Guardant360 liquid biopsy test in the majority of solid tumor cancers.
Lanman also collaborated with National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers to validate two other Guardant products: GuardantOMNI™, a blood test that can predict response to immunotherapy in lung and colon cancer, and LUNAR, a test for early stage cancers and also for the early detection of cancer.
Lanman has also published on historical ecology, establishing novel physical evidence that the North American beaver (‘’Castor canadensis’’) was native to virtually all of California, in a trio of scientific publications in ecology.
In early 2020 Lanman presented a scientific study based on ancient DNA sequencing of salmonid remains from archaeological excavations at Mission Santa Clara which extends the known historic spawning range of Chinook salmon further south than previously realized, to San Jose, California.
He continuess his historical ecology research and publications, while also serving on the Board of Biolase, Inc., WeTree, Inc., and as an Advisor to Forward Medical, Inc. and Guardant Health, Inc.
He was also selected as one of ten psychiatry residents across the country to be an American Psychiatric Association Leadership Fellow in 1982, and then selected from over 400 psychiatry residents to serve on the American Psychiatric Association Board of Trustees from 1983 to 1985.
From 1982-1990 Lanman served as a part-time lobbyist in Washington, D.C., as part of a successful effort to improve insurance coverage for the mentally ill.
Dr. Lanman serves or has served on the board of directors for numerous healthcare companies and organizations: Biolase, Inc, a dental laser manufacturer, the Santa Clara County Resource Conservation District, Atherotech, Inc., a cardiovascular biomarker diagnostics company, Adesso Healthcare Technology Services, Inc., an application service provider for physician specialists, and the American Psychiatric Association.
He is also on the Advisory Board of Forward Medical, Inc. and is an outside advisor to Compass Technology Partners, a venture capital firm in Menlo Park, California.
Lanman is a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Association for Cancer Research, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, the Trumpeter Swan Society, and the Salmonid Restoration Foundation.
Sarbari is a village in the Neturia CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Sarbari had a total population of 5,007, of which 2,562 (51%) were males and 2,445 (49%) were females.
Affiliated with the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, it offers honours courses in Bengali, Hindi, English, history, geography, political science, philosophy, accountancy, computer science, zoology and general courses in arts, science and commerce.
Đokić served as deputy mayor of Knjaževac from 2001 to 2004 and was the town's municipal manager from 2004 to 2007.
He was included on the electoral list of G17 Plus for the 2007 Serbian parliamentary election and was selected for a mandate after the list won nineteen seats.
(From 2000 to 2011, parliamentary mandates in Serbia were awarded at the discretion of successful parties or alliances, and it was common practice for mandates to be assigned to candidates out of numerical order.
After extended negotiations, the Democratic Party and its allies formed a new coalition government with the Socialist Party of Serbia and other parties, and Đokić again served as a supporter of the ministry.
He resigned from the assembly on 23 March 2010, when he was appointed as a secretary of state in the ministry of national investment plan.
He continued in this role after the ministry was merged into the ministry of economy and regional development in 2011, serving until a new government was formed in 2012.
Serbia's electoral system was reformed in 2011, such that parliamentary mandates were awarded in numerical order to candidates on successful lists.
G17 Plus subsequently merged into the URS, and Đokić received the tenth position on its list in the 2014 parliamentary election.
Đokić led the URS to victory in Knjaževac in the 2012 local elections and was subsequently chosen as mayor by the municipal assembly.
Knjaz collectively joined the Progressive Party in June 2016, and, in December 2017, Đokić became the leader of the Progressive Party's local committee in Knjaževac.
He's also the first male of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine to be born on Mexican soil and is currently one of the two current pretenders to the now defunct Mexican throne.
He has studied at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, the Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico and The College of Mexico, as well as a master's degree in Business Administration and Finance at the ESADE Business School of Barcelona.
He's worked at AWT Internationale Handels und Finanzierungs A.G., in Vienna, Austria from 1988 to 1990; as Delegate in Vienna, Bonn, and Montreal, of the National Exterior Commerce Bank of Mexico (BANCOMEXT).
His great taste for music has also led him to be a member of the Board of Trustees of the Morelia Music Festival, which he presided from 2012 to 2018.
Ian Porter (born May 29, 1993), better known by his online alias Crimsix, is an American professional Call of Duty player for the Dallas Empire and Twitch video game streamer.
As an esports competitor he has represented multiple organisations in multiple games title most notably representing Optic Gaming in Call of Duty.
Porter made the switch from Halo to Call of Duty joining the compLexity Gaming organisation and roster of ACHES, TeePee and FEARS in December 2012.
Midway through the season and after some poor results compLexity would add Clayster to the roster and become what is known as one of the most dominant Call of Duty teams ever assembled.
They would find immediate success and win the very next event and would continue by completely dominating the second half of the Black Ops 2 season winning almost ever event, both nationally and internationally.
Going in to the domination would continue with the team winning the MLG Columbus 2013 however the team decided to drop Clayster citing internal conflicts.
Porter and his teammates would win the Call of Duty Championship 2014 in emphatic fashion only dropping 4 maps in the entire tournament.
After becoming world champions they would continue to dominate by winning MLG CoD League Season 1 Playoffs and UGC Niagara 2014.
After the teams transition to the new organisation they had continued success by maintaining first place in the league and were the first team to clinch a spot in the Championship bracket at MLG Anaheim.
The team had the number 1 seed going into the event due to their win at the 2014 Call of Duty Championship.
This was the first event the team had lost on Ghosts.The team would come back after this disappointment to the next event MLG Anaheim, getting their revenge over Optic in the final and winning the event.
A month later the team would attend Gfinity 3, the event was not a good one, with them placing 5th-8th and out of the money.
2 days after the Dallas event, Karma would announce that he wanted to leave the team and a day later he was be benched.
With Karma leaving to go to FaZe Clan and Dedo coming to Evil Geniuses, the team now consisted of ACHES, TeePee, Crimsix, and Dedo.
This new look EG squad would look to start their career ahead with Dedo with a win, but that was not to be at UMG Nashville with the team finishing a disappointing 13th-16th.
After the victory at ESWC 2014, it was very clear that the roster would not be sticking together heading into the Advanced Warfare season.
Porter, Teepee, and Karma were all picked up by the OpTic Gaming organization, with TeePee and Karma going to OpTic Nation, whereas Crimsix went to OpTic Gaming.
With a roster consisting of Nadeshot, Scump, Formal and Crimsix the team would win three out of the first five events of the year, but would perform poorly at Call of Duty Championship 2015 finishing 7th.
This roster would go on to win three of the final six events of the year, whilst also placing second three times.
They would bounce back however winning the MLG Orlando Open 2016 but once again failed to perform at the biggest event of the year placing 7-8th at the 2016 Call of Duty Championship.
OpTic placed second at the 2017 CWL Atlanta Open and then won the 2017 CWL Paris Open and the 2017 CWL Dallas Open.
With fans skeptical about the strength of the roster, OpTic Gaming finished the year as the undisputed best team by winning the 2017 CWL Global Pro League Stage 2 and finally claiming victory at the elusive Call of Duty Championship.
This would be the first Call of Duty Championship win for the Optic Gaming organisation and would make porter a 2-time Call of Duty World Champion.
However, with inconsistent placings ,inconsistent practice regime and with results at the first five major events being poor, most notably placing 13-16th at the 2018 Seattle Open.
The end to WWII saw them place 5-6th at the 2018 CWL Anaheim Open, 7-8th at the Stage 2 playoffs, and a shocking 17-24th at the 2018 CWL Championship the lowest champs placing of Porter's career.
This was the first time since Black Ops 2 where Porter would fail to win a single championship title throughout a season.
After the announcement of a 5-player roster in the Black Ops 4 season, OpTic decided to drop Methodz and Octane, and pick up young talents Dashy and TJHaLy, as well as re-adding Karma back into the lineup.
With the line-up now consisting of Crimsix, Scump, Dashy, TJHaly and Karma and after dominating online tournaments they would win the 2019 CWL Las Vegas Open (their first Major tournament win since the 2017 CWL Championship) and the first event of the year.
Porter and the team would place well throughout the rest of the season placing top 3 on a number of occasions, however they would not win another event.
On October 10, 2019 Activision would announce that the Call of Duty pro circuit would be switching to a city base franchised league following the Overwatch League model.
Artiwara Kongmalai (), or nickname Toon (born 30 May 1979 -), is a famous Thai rock music singer and vocalist from Thai popular music band Bodyslam.
The are based out of the RV known as , named after Saki's family dog, the Go-onger team is composed of the core three and two back-up members who support the main team.
The Go-ongers each wear a necklace bearing the Go-onger crest, with a colored stone of their respective color in the center.
When Speedor becomes rusted Sōsuke crosses paths with his former mentor, who aids him by reminding him that a miracle takes more than one person to make by himself.
He is very protective of his teammates; when Saki expresses that she wants to be pretty for a boyfriend who will appreciate her and makes a date with a young musician not long after, Sōsuke worries that she intends to leave the team to get married.
After the final battle, Sōsuke returns to racing, but because of his long absence from the racing circuit, he has to start from the bottom as a go-kart driver.
With his high speed abilities, he uses the Mantan Gun in Rod Mode to execute the , which skewers multiple enemies, and the .
With Go-on Blue with the Cowl Laser and Go-on Yellow with the Bridge Axe, he can perform with the Rocket Daggers.
Because of his doting personality and cooking expertise, he has been referred to as the Go-ongers' by the other Go-ongers and even his own Engine partner, Bus-on; he takes no offense to and even revels in the reference.
The son of a family that runs a beachside inn, Renn, as a young boy, prayed and offered omelettes every day to a guardian statue in the eventually futile hope that his sickly mother would recover.
The guardian statue turned out to be the sealed form of the Arerunbra Uzumaquixote, which Renn learned only after Kitaneidas and Kegareshia tried to claim it.
Renn carries a small memo notebook, which is the source of his massive knowledge; in it, he jots down notes about and draws doodles of the enemies the team faces, even in the middle of a fight.
Cheerful and eager, she smiles and remains upbeat even in times of crisis, and exhorts her teammates to do the same.
She has an older sister named Sanae, a manipulative and devilish woman who often tormented her when they were younger and continues to make trouble for her in the present time.
After the final battle, Saki goes to work at a cake shop before joining the other Go-ongers in travelling across the Braneworlds to defeat any remaining members of the Gaiark.
As part of G3 Princess with Go-on Silver and Kegalesia, she performs the after performing the which passes the ball made by them.
Enthusiastic, kind-hearted, but immature, Hant seems to always have a part-time job of some sort; one of these was at a crepe stand so that he could talk with girls his age (he lied to his teammates, telling them that he was working to supplement their food budget so they could buy barbecue meat).
After witnessing the primary Go-ongers in their first battles against the Gaiark, Gunpei quits the police force; because the police had considered the Gaiark out of their jurisdiction, Gunpei decided that the police had lost their sense of justice.
He eventually finds out the Go-ongers' true identities and demands to become one himself, going so far as to kidnap Bomper and steal the Engine Casts to achieve that end.
After learning how and why Sōsuke, Renn, and Saki were chosen, he decided to return the Engine Casts to them and, along with Hanto, was made a Go-onger by Bomper.
Though he tries to come across as cool and serious, Gunpei is actually very insecure and, especially when he is around Hanto, can be quite buffoonish.
Though Kenji Ebisawa, the actor who portrays Gunpei, is indeed older than Rina Aizawa and Masahiro Usui, who plays Saki and Hanto, he is, ironically, younger than both Yasuhisa Furuhara and Shinwa Kataoka, the actors who play Sōsuke and Renn respectively.
The are a two-man team composed of the Sutō siblings, who came from a Plutocratic lifestyle and chosen by the Wing Clan Engines due to their esper abilities, brought to the Machine World to become an elite fighting force under Jum-bowhale's guidance before the Go-onger team came to be.
However, it is due to their training that the Go-on Wings see the Go-ongers as being too inexperienced to protect the Earth from Gaiark.
However, after learning from Jum-bowhale about what truly made the Go-ongers who they are, the Go-on Wings join the Go-ongers as comrades.
Living at their villa, the Sutō siblings come to the Go-ongers' aid whenever they feel an evil presence making its move.
The Go-on Wings each wear a necklace bearing the Go-on Wings crest and are fearful of ghosts since being told scary ghost stories by their grandfather.
After the final battle, the Sutō siblings resume their family duties in high class society, though Hiroto was a bit reluctant to accept this role.
He trains extensively in boxing and kickboxing and possesses an esper ability that allows him to sense when danger is near.
His seemingly cold exterior belies his fiery passion; he tells the Ancient Engines that, like them and like the Go-ongers and his sister, he will put his life on the line to protect those that he cares about.
With the Rocket Dagger, he can perform the following attacks: Burning Dagger, Lightning Dagger, Shining Dagger, Freezing Dagger, and Full-Power Dagger.
She later helps Saki and Renn in regaining their courage by telling them how they changed her and her brother for the better.
As part of G3 Princess with Go-on Yellow and Kegalesia, she performs the after performing the which passes the ball made by them.
is a pink radar robot created by Jum-bowhale from the Machine World, supporting the Go-ongers by creating their arsenal and performing maintenance on the Engines.
The Go-ongers' technology revolves around the , which is a chip-like item that holds the soul of an Engine, whose power they allow the Go-ongers to employ.
The Go-ongers' mecha are the , denizens of Machine World with some of them pursuing the Barbaric Machine Clan Gaiark, choosing the Go-ongers as their partners to fight the Gaiark with them.
While in the Human World, the Engines cannot exist in their full size and thus remove their Engine Souls to assume small forms called which are kept in the until they are needed, resuming their true size on Earth for only 10 minutes, or suffer fatal rusting.
But to fight, the Engines need the aid of humans to resume their true forms, with their hearts allowing the Engines to assume more powerful forms.
Among Engines are two races, the large that can combine with other Engines and the rare that are masters of aerial combat.
After the defeat of Yogoshimacritein, the Engines depart back to their homeworld until Speedor later returns to ask their partner to aid them again with the Gaiark President.
While as Engine Souls, they can communicate via any henshin device to give advice to the Go-ongers and the Go-on Wings, appearing as cartoony holograms with features like teeth, mouths, and other body parts not present as an Engine.
The Go-ongers' four Engine robots and Go-Roader each have a role call phrase and a nickname which they say when fully introducing themselves, before the group says .
Its finisher is the where Engine-Oh charges the enemy at full speed with its , landing the deathblow as it moves past.
is the combination of Engine-Oh and GunBir-Oh, created when Renn modified the GunBir-Oh components for a new G6 Formation based on Carrigator's fusion ability and Bomper's knowledge of Engines.
Its attack is the and its finisher is the where it fires all of its weapons in energy form at the enemy.
is the combination of Engine-Oh, GunBir-Oh and Seiku-Oh, which is referred as the , achieved after Bomper and Jum-bowhale remodel the Wing Engine casts.
is the combination of the three Ancient Engines, referred to as the , piloted by Go-on Red, who apparently understands them.
Extremely powerful, Kyorestu-Oh uses Kishamoth's ability to shoot out a gust of cold air from his trunk, which is cold enough to cool magma.
is the combination of all 12 Engines, the largest Engine combination made with a height of 93m and a weight of 12000t referred to as the .
Its attacks are the and , while its initial finisher is the where it generates aura versions of Engine-Oh, GunBir-Oh, Seiku-Oh and Kyoretsu-Oh to attack the enemy before charging while generating an incinerating aura.
is the wheel-like robot referred to as the created by Hiroto and Jum-bowhale, appearing as a palm-sized wheel and in the development stage due to the defective created by Hiroto to activate it, causing the Go-Roader to go on a rampage.
However, with the developed by Renn, Go-Roader can enlarge and can assume a humanoid as well as change into a to execute the attack with Engine-Oh G9 or Engine-Oh G12's energy.
Another feature of the Go-Roader is its ability to house an Engine Soul to assume a human-sized Action Mode with the mind of the very Engine controlling it.
Originally thought to be the last of the Gaiark, the three Pollution Ministers end up on Earth and decide to pollute it to serve as an ideal paradise for them.
Powering the entire place is the , a big gear in their command chamber which is an inexhaustible energy source that Yogostein brought with him from Machine World.
The gear's power is used Yogoshimacritein to create an army of Barbaric Dohma until the primary Go-ongers break it, causing Hellgailles Palace to self-destruct and sink into the sea.
She has artificial human-like skin that regenerates and shoots steam from the projections on her back armor if she is in a foul mood, and the handle on her head cuts off this leakage.
It was this taboo that she could never fall in love with Nigorl, as his ideas were the opposite of the Gaiark's.
While the Go-ongers were trapped in Samurai World, Kegalesia accidentally separates her from her body, with her soul set into Bomper by the other Ministers to convert the robot into so they can take advantage of the situation by setting a trap.
She occasionally joined Saki and Miu in the 3-girl idol group G3 Princess, though the second time ended with her enlarging and being knocked into the distance by Engine-Oh G12.
She is annoyed when Yogoshimacritein uses her and Kitaneidas as human shields against the Go-onger's attacks, seeing him for what he is and his methods not to her liking.
As an act of defiance against the dictator, she helps in destroying the Infinite Wastebin before she was heavily damaged by Yogoshimacritein.
Due to her nature as a Water Pollution branch member, she can execute with any member of the same branch, boosting up their power as a result.
As part of G3 Princess with Go-on Yellow and Silver, she performs , after performing which passes the ball made by them.
leads the Gaiark's sky-based Barbaric Machine Beasts and uses the as his weapon and can turn himself into smog as well as execute his .
He is agitated when Yogoshimacritein uses him as a human shield against the Go-ongers, and as a final act, he destroys the Infinite Wastebin before he is forced to shut down by Yogoshimacritein.
Despite continuous failure, his faith and esteem he felt for his vice-minister never faded as he showed concern for Hiramechimedes' well-being and has been in a state of mourning since his death before leaving Hellgailles Palace to clear his head and find himself.
By the time he returned, Yogostein was more rage-filled and decides to rely on his own power, creating Hammer Banki to destroy the world rather than remake it into an ideal environment for the Gaiark.
It was after his creation was destroyed that Yogostein saw the error of his ways as the other Ministers forgive him for his reckless action.
Prior to the events of the movie, Yogostein developed the Savage Machine Beast Recycle program, using his spear to remove the Ugatz's Souls from their bodies to revive the Savage Machine Beasts in a Minister team attempt to tear down the dimensional barrier.
Soon after, Yogostein resumes acting on his own when he begins a new project to unearth the Horonderthal from his rest, setting up a chain of events that would not only dispose of Go-on Red, but being able to upgrade himself as the new Horonderthal King to rust the entire city.
When entering battle alongside the other pollution Ministers, Yogostein says, , while when attacking with other Land Pollution Ministry members he says, .
Whenever inspired with a plan, the 3 light bulbs on his head flash as he says with the sextant and protractor on his chestplate indicating the plan's greatness.
Originally a second-rate inventor of many of the Gaiark group's arsenal, he plotted to assassinate Yogostein to become the new Land Pollution Minister and be somebody.
However, after seeing his brilliant mind recognized by Yogostein as he awards him with the yardstick-stylized sword and his title on the day the Gaiark attack Machine World, Hiramechimedes devoted himself to his master's cause without question as he became feared by the Engines, making them frightened husks of their former selves in his numerous victories which they eventually overcame.
However, on the day the Gaiark were expelled from Machine World, Hiramechimedes mysteriously disappeared during the fight only to resurface months later on the Human World to serve under Yogostein again after settling some loose ends with the Wing Engines as he thought he had handled, only to be once more pursued by them and the Go-on Wings.
Eventually, Hiramechimedes, along with Yogostein and Bōseki Banki, stages his apparent banishment from Hellgailles palace as part of a plan to deceive the Go-ongers and kill Go-on Gold.
However the plan goes wrong yet again with the arrival of Engine-Oh G9 and Hiramechimedes refuses to return to Yogostein out of shame, spending long days of calculation for a means to kill the Go-ongers.
After a vain attempt to destroy the Go-on teams, Hiramechimedes finally finds the answer he had been looking for: to beat the Go-ongers at their own game with raw power rather than with intellect.
In consequence, the stress of this destroyed Hiramechimedes' mind as he upgrades into a more powerful and insane babbling form called .
However, while the Go-ongers visit a shrine in the woods, they encounter Hiramechimedes' ghost, referring to himself as , as his malice towards the Go-ongers kept him from passing on.
Unable to regain physical form, Urameshimedes made a detour to Samurai World to recruit the aid of Bakki to help him by physically harming the Go-ongers in return to allow him to destroy the forest.
However, the Go-on teams manage to use a G9 Grand Prix laced with salt on the two so the attack would not only kill Bakki, but exorcise Hiramechimedes in the process.
As Detaramedes, his uses a variety of attacks with a miscalculation theme such as , , , , , and .
But once man-handled by Go-on Red, Kokorootomedes upgrades into a powerful berserker form, becoming a Yakuza-type in personality with his crazed attack that lets him fight dirty.
In the end, he is scrapped by Go-on Red using the Kankanbar Mantangun on him, lamenting on his desire before rethinking that it wasn't well worth his death.
Being the total opposite of his son and most ruthless of the Gaiark, Yogoshimacritein desired to rule all the Braneworlds, playing part in forcing the Gian Race Engines into the verge of extinction and oversaw the destruction of the three Braneworlds by Kireizky.
After Kireizky's death, Yogoshimacritein uses his fallen minion's Bottomless Wastebin to enter the Human World, using it as a means to feed from in order for him to use his signature inhereditary attack , which can convert those it hits into wavelengths as long as the Deus Haguru Magear is active.
He uses it to take out Hant, Gunpei, and the Go-on Wings, along with their Engine partners, Carrigator, Jum-bowhale, and the ancient Engines.
Eventually, Yogoshimacritein reveals to Kegalesia and Kitaneidas that he never cared for his surbordinates and will sacrifice them as long as it is to accomplish their plan.
After losing the Infinite Wastebin to the ministers, Yogoshimacritein fatally damages them both before making his way to the Deus Haguru Magear to power himself up until he is trapped in the Bikkurium chamber as the gear is destroyed, causing the entire Hellgailles Palace to collapse around him.
However, Yogoshimacritein reconstructs himself from his gears and attempts to destroy the city until he is halted by Hant, Gunpei, and the Go-on Wings.
Once the primary Go-ongers join the fray, Yogoshimacritein enlarges himself in a process called and battles Engine-Oh G12 until he is finally destroyed by the G12 Final Grand Prix attack.
His other weapons are , that can absorb Engine-Soul based attacks and send them back to knock them out or be wrung into the , the , and .
His sixth weapon, the , allows him to manipulate space itself from evading an enemy attack to sending them far away with .
But once losing the wastebin, Kireizky swallows the Dokkirium he gather to undergo before using the strongest of his seven weapons, the .
Though he overpowered the Go-ongers, the tables turn when the entire team is reassembled and Kireizky is finally scrapped by Engine-Oh G12.
He is a user of kenpō named and his trademark attack is the , ingesting the energy attack of an opponent and reflecting back.
Once the Go-ongers found a means to counter his signature move, Chirakasonne ingests Dokkirium and defeats both Engine-Oh and Seiku-Oh easily.
He has been conquering the when he comes across the Go-ongers and battles them before intending to enter the Human World.
When they are all sent through a dimensional rift to the Human World, Batcheed joins forces with the Gedoushu so he can use their Sanzu River's water to complete the on the moon's surface which can pollute all the Braneworlds.
After executing Industrial Revolution and combining with the Batchrium Plant, he is destroyed by the Samurai Giants and the Engines in the Samurai Formation 23.
Preceding the Gaiark as the Engines' mortal enemies, the were sea-based androids terrorized Machine World with their before their leader Nigorl left for the Human World and the Arelunbra faded into legend.
The is of a legendary clan of giant Clockwork Savage Machines which caused the extinction of the dinosaurs on the earth 65 million years ago with his violence-inducing .
He battled with the Ancient Engines at that time, with their fight ending up with both sides fossilized within a mountain.
Making it his goal, Yogostein manages to find the location with the aid of Drill Banki, only to accidentally free the Ancient Engines instead.
But after personally finding the exact location of Horonderthal, Yogostein awakens him from his rest and upgrades him so that his attack can affect Kyoretsu-Oh.
However, in spite of his modern-time upgrades, the Horonderthal became the first to be scrapped by Engine-Oh G12 with Yogostein taking the Horonderthal's power for himself.
The Barbaric Machine Beasts are infused with a special energy called that enlarges them in a process called , however this process can be activated while the Barbaric Machine Beast is still alive.
They are named putting the suffix after the name of the object they are based on, machines that were present at the turn of the century.
When scrapped, the dead Savage Machine Beasts shrink back to normal size and end up at the Savage Machine Beast Graveyard.
Yogostein took advantage of this in his Savage Machine Beast program by using Ugatz souls to reanimate the , only for them to be rescrapped by the Engines due to being much weaker than they used to be.
Other Braneworlds mentioned in the series are the destroyed and serene as well as the western-style which is currently being attacked by Batcheed and the remaining Gaiark forces as the series ends.
The is a Braneworld that resembles a junkyard due to Osen's invention that can multiply garbage and alters any organic being to possess the same attributes as scrap metal.
is a Braneworld that resembles Feudal Japan and was under the dictatorship of Empress Maki and her Yōma until the Go-ongers ended up in the Braneworld by accident and help in overthrowing Maki.
It later would turn out that few Samurai World residents have an identical counterpart in the Human World they are linked to via the soul as shown with Retsu-Taka's Human World counterpart.
Budj Bim heritage areas include the Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area (declared December 2003), the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape (added to the National Heritage List on 20 July 2004), and the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape (designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 6 July 2019).
The creation story of the local Gunditjmara people is based on the eruption of Budj Bim (Mount Eccles) more than 30,000 years ago.
From some thousands of years before European settlement (one of five eel trap systems at Lake Condah has been carbon dated to 6,600 years old), the Gunditjmara people developed a system of aquaculture which channelled the water of the Darlot Creek into adjacent lowlying areas trapping short-finned eels and other fish in a series of weirs, dams and channels.
The evidence was buried or ignored for 135 years, until Peter Coutts of the Victoria Archaeological Survey carried out surveys at Lake Condah (Tae Rak), altogether different terrain, in the 1970s.
Europeans constructed drainage channels in the 1880s and 1950s, but in 1977 heavy rains revealed more of the original work, as well as house foundations made of basalt blocks.
In the 1990s and 2000s, 3D computer maps recreated the channels, showing that the stone walls were built across the lava flow to form a complex system of artificial ponds to hold floodwaters and eels at different stages of growth.
After the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires burnt more than around Lake Condah and in the Budj Bim National Park, further areas of aquaculture, previously concealed under vegetation, were revealed, in an area known as the Muldoon trap complex.
After the European settlement began from the late 1830s, the rocks and uneven land of the lava flow permitted attacks on settlers and the means to escape from reprisal as the terrain was unsuited to horses.
This area () comprises the Peters site between the Fitzroy River and Darlot Creek purchased by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation in May 2010 (after some years' leasehold) and the Kurtonitj wetlands to the north acquired by the Corporation in September 2009.
To the south of the Australian National Heritage List area (on both sides of the Princes Highway the landscape has been compromised by the removal of stone for fencing and, more recently, the crushing of stone to provide material for road building.
This area includes the Mount Eccles National Park and the Condah Mission Station at Lake Condah on Darlot Creek to the west , with the addition of recently purchased properties linking the two and in the east towards Lake Gorrie.
Mount Eccles National Park at Lake Surprise encompasses and includes many interesting geologic features such as lava flows, lava caves, scoria cones and crater lakes.
The park has a campground and the base of the vents supports Lake Surprise, which is generally closed for swimming due to blue-green algae issues.
The Condah Mission Station was established in 1868 after agitation from displaced Gunditjmara to be permitted to live near the places from which they had been removed.
Following the Aboriginal Land (Lake Condah and Framlingham Forest) Act 1987, the 53 hectare former reserve was vested to the Kerrup Jmara Elders Corporation.
The reserve was eventually vested to the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (Registered Native Title Corporate) in 2008 by the Commonwealth Minister for Indigenous Affairs, Hon.
Thousands of newly planted trees and grasses were destroyed by bushfires in 2006, as well as 90 per cent of the property's vegetation.
There are three components of this arra: the boundaries are those of Budj Bim National Park, Budj Bim Indigenous Protected Area, Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area and Lake Condah Mission.
Ana Rodríguez (born 23 April 2002) is a Panamanian footballer who plays as a defender for CAI and the Panama women's national team.
Rodríguez has appeared for the Panama women's national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship on 31 January 2020 against the United States, coming on as a substitute in the 63rd minute for María Guevara.
He was able to record and perform an early instance of a glitch that allowed players to equip child-only items as an adult.
He has performed and commentated speedruns at the annual event Awesome Games Done Quick; he ran the 100% category in 2015, 2018, and 2020.
He and runners Sva, Chocopoptart, Cosmo, Pydoyks, and Makaron continued to lower the record time with constant improvements to the Ganondoor route.
He lowered his time further down to twenty-five minutes and thirty-two seconds, reducing it to twenty-three minutes and twenty-nine seconds later on.
It was put together to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the game and featured techniques and mechanics known to speedrunners of the game.
He performed it in isolated segments on an emulator and grouped the best of each to construct and splice it together.
On its live debut, the run finished nearly 15 minutes faster than Zfg's then-current record of three hours, fifty-three minutes, thirty-three seconds.
His record was recorded at three hours, fifty-eight minutes, and forty-five seconds, beating the then-second place runner Marco by nearly ten minutes.
It was the first sub-hour run in five years, after Sva's sub-five run timed at four hours, fifty-seven minutes, and thirty-six seconds.
Zfg was able to lower the time to under four hours with newly-discovered glitches and shortcuts discovered within a month of the record.
By using an item duplication glitch discovered by Seedborn, runners can skip collecting Poes and save up to a minute on average.
An indirect result of Seedborn's glitch is obtaining the Biggoron's Sword much earlier than intended, which skips some of the game's trading quest.
An exploit to clip through Ganon's castle at the end of the run and skipping the following cutscene was found around the same time, saving a significant amount of time.
The Arwings were used by the game developers to test the Z-targeting mechanics and flight patterns of the Fire Temple boss Volvagia.
The developers subsequently left the Arwings in the game code, only being able to be spawned back in with cheat devices such as the Gameshark.
The method used to spawn them in, arbitrary code execution, allows speedrunners to force the game to load filenames as game code.
Runners also used ACE to complete the game in under 13-minutes by warping to the end credits, load items into treasure chests, or change their physical positions.
Zfg explained that by performing ACE three times, each with different specific filenames, runners can remove the character limit of the file name.
The Chicago and North Western Depot in Waukesha, Wisconsin is a railroad depot built in 1881 and operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway.
The depot is located next to a Wisconsin and Southern Railroad mainline, with a junction connecting it and the Canadian National Railway just to the east.
The depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1994.
The story is set in the scenic North Downs of Surrey, on the ridge known as the Hog's Back, at the time of the building of the A31 bypass.
Three school-friends, Julia Earle, her sister Marjorie Lawes, and Ursula Stone gather at Julia and Dr. James Earle's secluded cottage, St. Kilda, to share light-hearted reminiscences of their school-days.
Ursula discovers that not only is Julia having an affair with her neighbour Reggie Slade, but that Dr. Earle has been seen in London with a mysterious woman, dressed in grey.
As tensions mount, Dr. Earle disappears from his study in extraordinary circumstances: one minute he is sitting in his living room, comfortably settled with newspaper and slippers, and the next he has vanished.
Despite the best efforts of the inhabitants of St. Kilda and The Red Cottage, home of Dr. Earle's former partner Dr. Campion, to find some sign of Dr. Earle, no trace is found.
The Palazzo Cavalli alle Porte Contarine, also called the Palazzo Cavalli agli Eremitani is a Renaissance-style palace located at the intersection of Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi and Via Giacomo Matteotti in Padua, region of Veneto, Italy.
Located away from the city center, the palace was constructed in the 1560s, commissioned by Marino Cavalli the elder, a Venetian ambassador.
Notable in the palace's history was that in 1585, it was the site of the infamous murder of Vittoria Accoramboni, the widow of the Duke of Bracciano.
The palace was extensively refurbished in at the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries on the initiative of Federico Cavalli and his wife Elisabetta Duodo.
At the end of the eighteenth century the property passed to the son of the last representative of the family, Giacomo Bollani, whose heirs sold it to the state, who used it as a customs office.
On January 29, 2020 it was announced that Atlético Madrid had gained the approval of the Canadian Premier League to form an expansion club in the city of Ottawa, Ontario.
The 43rd 2019 Italian Men's Curling Championship () was held from November 10, 2018 to April 14, 2019 in two stages: the group stage (round robin) from November 10, 2018 to March 24, 2019 and the playoff stage from April 13 to 14, 2019.
At the first, group stage (Round robin), the teams play among themselves in a four-round circular system (there used to be two circles).
If the number of victories for two teams is equal, they are ranked among themselves according to the result of two their matches; if the number of victories for three or more teams is equal, according to the results of the sum of Draw Shot Challenge (DSC, in centimeters; the less value move the team to higher place).
Four best teams go to the second stage, playoffs, where they play according to the Page playoff system: two best teams, following the results of the group round, hold a match for a direct hit to the final (playoffs-1).
Jiménez Kasintseva began playing tennis at the age of three, and thee years later began training with her father and coach, Joan Jimenez, who reached a career-high ATP Tour ranking of 505 in 1999.
Wazi Uddin Khan (20 February 1936 – 31 January 2020) was a Bangladeshi freedom fighter and politician from Pabna belonging to Bangladesh Awami League.
He was elected as the president of the Bangladesh Road Transport Workers' Federation in 1980 and served in that post till his death.
A Republican, Schmitt has represented the 99th district of the New York State Assembly, covering parts of Orange and Rockland Counties, since 2019.
He started his political career in the office of then-Assemblywoman Ann Rabbitt, becoming the youngest aide to ever be hired in the Assembly.
After graduating from the Catholic University of America in 2012, Schmitt joined then-State Senator Greg Ball's staff, and worked as the Chief of Staff for New Windsor.
He lost in the primary to Goshen mayor Kyle Roddey, who in turn lost in the general election to Democrat James Skoufis.
In 2018, after Skoufis had declared his campaign for the 39th district of the State Senate, Schmitt announced he would run for the 99th district for a third time.
The Rivière de la Somme is a watercourse flowing in the municipalities of Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier and Shannon, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The river is generally frozen from November to April; however, the period of safe circulation on the ice is usually from mid-December to the end of March.
This lake flows from the southeast, in a discharge flowing south over 312 m, to Lake Martin (length of about 400 m; altitude: 347 m), which is surrounded by a marshy area at the 'west and north.
Its 0.65 km discharge flows south to Lake Grande Ligne (417 m long; altitude: 295 m) which the current crosses for 188 m.
The discharge of the latter flows over 1.1 km in swampy area, first 0.65 km to the west, then southwest to the discharge (0.65 km long) of Lake Biferno (located in Saint-Raymond-de-Portneuf), coming from the west.
Then the river continues south for 0.73 km to its mouth (altitude: 167 m) which flows into the Rivière aux Pins; this mouth is located 1.6 km north of the summit of Mont Sorrel.
The Nylex Clock remains a prominent feature of the Melbourne skyline, visible from various parts of Melbourne, including the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
Langdale earned a bachelor of business administration from the University of Texas at Austin (1975), and a bachelor of laws from the University of Houston School of Law (1977).
Before his appointment, he was president of Posadas USA from 1989 until 2005 (a subsidiary of Grupo Posadas) and Chairman of the Texas Department of Economic Development from 1997 to 2001.
Particularly salient are themes related to the terrible civilian casualties incurred on the ground in Okinawa during World War II and the on-going troubles surrounding the U.S. military presence in Okinawa.
In 1999 she received her bachelor's degree in Oil painting from the Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts, went on to study at the Surrey Institute of Art & Design, U.K.
In 2020 she completed the Graduate Course at the Environmental Design, Graduate School of Formative Arts at the Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts.
Still, her works cannot be neatly categorized as simplistic arguments of good and evil; the lyrical quality of her expression allows them to be interpreted in various ways, and in them one finds universal themes such as femininity and physicality, the connection between life and death, memory and storytelling.
More recently Yamashiro has begun to shift from performing in her own works to featuring third party subjects, and in this exhibition plans to unveil her latest work on video, an intersection of reality and fiction with a woman who runs a meat shop at a black-market on the US base.
She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships, 2007 World Aquatics Championships, and 2009 World Aquatics Championships.
She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships, and 2009 World Aquatics Championships.
It has been an important place of worship in Alsace since the 11th century but now hosts a small community of five monks (as of 2017).
The former Jesuit church with its nave, its two-level transept, its choir and its burial vault were listed as a Historic Monument on June 16, 1992.
In 1046, a priory of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine was founded by Heilwig of Dabo, Countess of Eguisheim and mother of Pope Leo IX.
In 1626, the abbey was handed over to the Jesuit college of Freiburg im Breisgau, then in 1774 to the University of Freiburg, until the community was suppressed and the site sold off as national property during the French Revolution.
The abbatial church and the convent were re-built in 1920 by architect Paul Kirchacker of Mulhouse using the remains of the church.
The French artillery wanted to spare the monastery, but had to bomb an observatory built by the Germans in the bell tower of the church.
The Grimms had sent the manuscript in 1810 to the German writer Clemens Brentano, who never sent it back to them.
It is adorned with a 12th-century processional cross, a 14th-century crucifix, and two statues of the Virgin Mary of the 15th and 18th centuries.
It replaced an older instrument that was built in 1904 by Martin and Joseph Rinckenbach and destroyed by a bombing in 1915.
The FIVB world ranking system (until 2020) is a calculation technique previously used by Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) for ranking men's and women's national teams in football.
The ranking system was introduced by FIVB until 31 January 2020 as using for seeding teams participating 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan before an update to an earlier system, and was replaced during the 2020 FIVB Volleyball Nations League with a revised Elo-based system.
She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships, and 2009 World Aquatics Championships.
By May 2019, its first lunar lander mission, simply called Mission One, had 14 commercial payloads including small rovers from Hakuto, Team AngelicvM, and a larger rover from the Carnegie Mellon University named Andy that has a mass of 33 kg and is 103 cm tall.
The lander will be developed over the next two to three years with engine testing starting earlier, according to Spacebit, while the Spider Moon Rover is in development and is due to be launched formally in Q2 2020.
Equipped with four legs rather than wheels or tracks, the rover will be able to explore parts of the moon other landers cannot reach.
Arachis hypogaea allergen powder, sold under the brand name Palforzia, is a medication used to mitigate allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, that may occur with accidental exposure to peanuts in individuals aged four through 17 years with a confirmed diagnosis of peanut allergy.
Arachis hypogaea allergen powder is a powder that is manufactured from peanuts and packaged in pull-apart color-coded capsules for dose escalation and up-dosing, and in a sachet for maintenance treatment.
The powder is emptied from the capsules or sachet and mixed with a small amount of semisolid food - such as applesauce, yogurt, or pudding for consumption.
The most common side effects of arachis hypogaea allergen powder are abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, tingling in the mouth, itching (including in the mouth and ears), cough, runny nose, throat irritation and tightness, hives, wheezing and shortness of breath and anaphylaxis.
To mitigate the risk of anaphylaxis associated with arachis hypogaea allergen powder, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS).
Arachis hypogaea allergen powder is only available through specially certified healthcare providers, health care settings, and pharmacies to those who are enrolled in the REMS program.
The FDA is requiring that healthcare providers who prescribe Arachis hypogaea allergen powder - and healthcare settings that dispense and administer Arachis hypogaea allergen powder - are educated on the risk of anaphylaxis associated with its use.
In addition, the Initial Dose Escalation phase and first dose of each Up-Dosing level must only be administered to patients in a certified healthcare setting equipped to monitor patients and to identify and manage anaphylaxis.
Patients or their parents or caregivers must also be counseled on the need for the patients to have injectable epinephrine available for immediate use at all times, the need for continued dietary peanut avoidance, and how to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
The effectiveness of arachis hypogaea allergen powder is supported by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in the U.S., Canada and Europe in approximately 500 peanut-allergic individuals.
Effectiveness was assessed by evaluating the percentage of study participants tolerating an oral challenge with a single 600 mg dose of peanut protein (twice the daily maintenance dose of arachis hypogaea allergen powder) with no more than mild allergic symptoms after 6 months of maintenance treatment.
The results showed that 67.2% of arachis hypogaea allergen powder recipients tolerated a 600 mg dose of peanut protein in the challenge, compared to 4.0% of placebo recipients.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved arachis hypogaea allergen powder-dnfp in January 2020, and granted approval of Palforzia to Aimmune Therapeutics.
For the purpose of this list, Upstate New York is the entirety of New York State outside of New York City and Long Island.
At above sea level, the lowest point of Kyrgyzstan is in the Kara Darya (Kara-Daryya, Karadar'ya), which is a tributary of the Syr Darya, a river that flows into the North Aral Sea.
He was appointed a professor of genetic studies at the University of Oslo during the Second World War, and he was removed from the position in 1945.
Much of Delegate River is state forest, with the southern and eastern sections of the locality situated in the Cottonwood State Forest and a western section of the locality in the Bonang State Forest.
Delegate River has a hotel, the Delegate River Tavern; it closed indefinitely in January 2020 due to owner health issues, after having been reopened in 2018 following an earlier period of closure.
It variously operated over time as a half-time and full-time school with periods of being unstaffed before its final closure on 14 March 1956.
3452), was located on the site of the current CFA station; it opened on 6 May 1903 and closed in 1947.
Delegate River Post Office opened as a receiving office 1902, was upgraded to a post office on 1 July 1927 and closed on 28 February 1961.
In 2006, formal ceremonies were held at Delegate River attended by the Governors of both states to mark the formal proclamation of the border through the area, which had never been formally proclaimed despite having been surveyed 1870.
Delegate River was threatened by the 2019-20 East Gippsland bushfires, in which the locality was subject to an evacuation order in early January.
He was the manager of the Hong Kong national football team and both assistant manager and manager of Al Wahda FC.
Subsequently he was assistant manager for Jo Bonfrère at the United Arab Emirates-side Al Wahda FC and briefly was Al Wahda's manager.
These are the rosters of all participating teams at the women's water polo tournament at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships held in Montreal, Canada.
Horn Spire is a mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska.
The peak is situated between the Thiel Glacier and Battle Glacier at the northwest extent of the Juneau Icefield, north-northwest of Juneau, Alaska, and east of Lynn Canal, on land managed by Tongass National Forest.
Horn Spire is the highest point of the Icefall Spires, and although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the north face of the mountain rises over 4700 feet above the Thiel Glacier in less than one mile.
The peak's descriptive name was submitted in 1965 by Maynard Miller, director of the Juneau Icefield Research Project, and officially adopted that same year by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.
The first ascent of the peak was made June 30, 1973, by Dick Benedict, Gerry Buckley, Craig Lingle, and Bruce Tickell.
Born in Hudson, MA, Dr. Tarbell attended the University of Rhode Island where she graduated summa cum laude with a major in psychology.
After medical school, she trained at the former Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy in Boston where she served as Chief Resident.
Consistently listed in The Best Doctors of America (Woodward and White), Dr. Tarbell serves on the national Children’s Oncology Group Brain Tumor Committee.
At Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Tarbell was the founding director of the Center for Faculty Development and the Office for Women’s Careers.
Dr. Tarbell is a longstanding advocate for faculty development initiatives including mentoring programs for junior faculty and numerous efforts on behalf of women and minorities.
She led the Harvard Medical School Task Force on Faculty Development and Diversity, which defined and prioritized faculty development and diversity enhancements within the Harvard Medical School community, providing a foundation for the creation of new opportunities for Harvard Medical School faculty and trainees.
She has been recognized nationally for her work, receiving the prestigious Gold Medal from the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) as well as the Margaret Kripke Legend Award from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, to name a few.
While serving as the Dean for Academic and Clinical Affairs, Dr. Tarbell oversaw the Office for Faculty Affairs, the Office for Faculty and Research Integrity, the Office for Diversity and Community Partnership, and several Harvard Medical School-wide centers and divisions.
In addition, her office was responsible for conducting clinical department reviews and had oversight of affiliation agreements with Harvard Medical School’s 15 associated hospitals and research institutes.
At the time of her tenure as Dean, she was one two females in radiation oncology to hold such an elevated position (the other person being Lori Pierce).
To this day, there are only a handful of male and female radiation oncologists who have achieved the level of Dean at a major university while still holding a clinical appointment at a teaching hospital.
In 2019, she was honored by Harvard Medical School with a named fellowship - the Eleanor and Miles Shore 50th Anniversary Fellowship Program for Scholars in Medicine 2019 to recognize the pioneering work as Dean and for her distinguished service to the medical school.
2019: Eleanor and Miles Shore 50th Anniversary Fellowship Program for Scholars in Medicine 2019 Harvard Medical School Fellowship named in honor of Nancy J. Tarbell, M.D.
The event is classified as a $100,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Nicholasville, Kentucky, United States, since 2020.
It generally coincided with cultures moving to an agrarian and more settled lifestyle, like that of the Woodland period, as compared to a strictly hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
Other material—shells, stone, sand, plant fibers, crushed fired clay—added to the clay tempers it to prevent cracking and shrinking when dried and fired.
Several methods were used to create the rough shape of the vessel: pinching and shaping, paddling, or coiling, the latter of which means to build up a pot with coils of rolled clay.
Cord-marked pottery was then made with a paddle and anvil method that was accomplished by pressing cord-wrapped paddles against the side of the pottery to form and thin the pottery.
In Taiwan, the Fengpitou (鳳鼻頭) culture, characterized by fine red cord-marked pottery, was found in Penghu and the central and southern parts of the western side of the island, and a culture with similar pottery occupied the eastern coastal areas.
Over the next 500 years, pottery-making cultures spread west, south, and northwest into the Great Plains, west of the Mississippi, and into Texas and Oklahoma.
Over time, the pottery walls became thinner and rounder as pottery-makers became more skilled, such as during the Plains Village period (ca.
Round shaped or globular pottery meant that the vessels could be steadied on several small stones or placed directly on a fire for cooking.
Native groups of people created their own styles, based upon the raw materials that they used or the decorations that they added to the pottery.
Wilmington Cord-Marked, made of clay or grog and tempered with grit or sherd, was found at the mouth of the Savannah River and along the coastal plain of South and North Carolina.
Cord-marked pottery made by Plain Villagers about 900 years ago called Borger Cordmarked Pottery (found at Landergin Mesa), is named for the nearby town of Borger, Texas.
It was made by people who lived in the Texas Panhandle along the Canadian River, believed to be people of the Antelope Creek culture from A.D. 1100 to 1450.
The events are classified as $100,000 and $60,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournaments and has been held in Cairo, Egypt, since 2020.
The Club colours were first Red & White vertical strips with a green sash before changing to a Moroon with a Blue sash.
The area is heavily forested and almost entirely contained within state forests or national parks, variously the Drummer State Forest (northern part), Alfred National Park (western part) and the Wingan State Forest and Croajingolong National Park (remaining areas).
The first Wingan River Post Office opened on 1 November 1936 and closed on 30 November 1943, while the second opened on 15 May 1947 and closed on 30 June 1979.
The locality was badly damaged during the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, with a fire that began at Wingan River in late December subsequently burning through to the coastal town of Mallacoota on New Year's Day.
A widespread species in the east and south east of Australia and in Papua New Guinea, usually found on foliage in moist areas.
Per the temples own history, it was founded in 702 AD by a holy ascetic, Ryushu Sennin, who carved statues of Yakushi Nyōrai, Nikkō Bosatsu, Gakkō Bosatsu, the Jūni Shinshō, Shi-Tennō and other deities out of the living trucks of trees on Mount Hōrai.
The temple was rebuilt in the Kamakura period by Minamoto no Yoritomo (who is also credited with building the 1425 stone steps), out of gratitude for sheltering him during the Heiji rebellion.
The temple suffered from repeated fires during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, so most written records have been destroyed; however, the Archaeological record in the form of many pottery shards and sutra mounds indicates that the temple existed as a center of both Buddhism and folk religion into the Sengoku period.
The temple belonged to both the Shingon and the Tendai sects, and became a popular side-trip for travelers on the Tōkaidō.
The separation of Buddhism from Shinto and the hostile attitude of the new Meiji government towards Buddhism dealt a heavy blow to Hōrai-ji, and with the opening of the Tōkaidō Main Line railway, the number of pilgrims was reduced.
In 1905, the temple was made a subsidiary of Hōrin-ji in Kyoto which amalgamated the Tendai portion of the temple back into the Shingon portion.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and formerly served as vice-president of East China University of Science and Technology.
He is an honorary professor at the University of Nottingham, a member of the International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM) and the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES).
After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he enrolled at Nanjing Tech University, where he received his master's degree and doctor's degree in 1985 and 1988, respectively.
In 1989 he was a postdoctoral fellow at Southwest Jiaotong University under the supervision of Sun Xunfang () and Gao Qing ().
Beginning in 1993, he served in several posts at his alma mater Nanjing Tech University, including associate professor, full professor, and vice-president.
He was recruited as a professor at East China University of Science and Technology in November 2011, becoming vice-president in June 2006.
The film tells about the young Moscow actress Galina, who at the beginning of the war goes to the Karelian Front.
Fanny Sarah Breckler (1877 – 9 December 1946) was a philanthropist and founder of the Western Australian shoe retailer Betts & Betts.
They decided to expand into retailing, and opened a store, The Dainty Walk, on Hay Street in the Perth central business district.
Breckler was successful in business, developing a chain of stores that became one of the largest in Australia by the 1940s.
Breckler was a long-time president of the National Council of Jewish Women in Western Australia, and involved with Jewish and patriotic charities.
The Brecklers became one of the richest families in Australia, and one of the few wealthy Jewish families not from Melbourne or Sydney.
It included a ballroom with a stage, and was listed on the City of Stirling's Municipal Inventory on 11 June 1997.
That was followed by a funeral at the Jewish section of Karrakatta Cemetery – one of the largest ever held there at the time – where Breckler was buried.
Located in Madrid, it is a public enterprise jointly participated by the Ayuntamiento de Madrid and Mercasa, part of the SEPI.
The film tells the history of the development of sports, showing the stadiums of Moscow, Philadelphia, Stockholm and Mexico City in the past and future.
The Noshiro Thermal Power Station was initially conceived as a countermeasure against possible shortages in power generation which might arise due to issues such as the 1973 oil crisis.
Due to issues with carbon emissions, Unit 2 was completed in December 1994 to burn a mixture of heavy oil and biomass (wood chip residue).
Also to improve power generation efficiency, Unit 2 adopted Tohoku Electric's first ultra-supercritical boiler and steam turbine with a main steam temperature of 566 ° C, a reheat steam temperature of 593 ° C, and a main steam pressure of 24.1 MPa.
The completion of Unit 3 was delayed due to uncertainty in future power demand and economic trends, as well as increased pressure on Japan from overseas to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
However, following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, work was restarted in February 2016 with an estimated completion date by the end of March 2020.
His debut film RangiTaranga which was directed by Anup Bhandari Produced under his banner SHREE DEVI ENTERTAINERS went on to be a blockbuster hit of year 2015.
The Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.
The film tells about the relationship of the Count hairdresser Arkady and the serf actress Luba, which were able to escape, but could not become happy.
She earned her Juris Doctor from the University of Iowa College of Law, where she was Order of the Coif, in 1998.
During her legal studies, Oxley was a member of the Journal of Corporation Law, serving as an articles editor from 1997 to 1998.
Oxley joined Shuttleworth & Ingersoll in 1999 but then left in 2001 to be a law clerk for Judge David R. Hansen of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
On January 28, 2020, Governor Kim Reynolds appointed Oxley to the Iowa Supreme Court to the seat vacated by the death of Mark Cady.
Freeman's early education was at Seventh-Day Adventist, historically black schools and institutions, and has written several articles about the history and state of the denomination.
He has experience in various aspects of student and academic affairs, faculty development, student residential life, and career development and advancement.
His areas of research includes higher education, the challenges in higher education administration programs, the university presidency, the faculty career cycle, and the leadership of historically black colleges and universities.
He is a professor and instructor in the Department of Leadership and Counseling at the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho.
Freeman grew up in Camden, New Jersey, the third generation in his family to reside there, to Christian singers and musicians Sydney and Cassandra Freeman.
He attended Seventh-day Adventist Church schools from preschool to college, including Pine Forge Academy in Pennsylvania, an Adventist high school that is one of four historically black boarding college-preparatory academies, where he was a leader in singing and drama ministries, and Oakwood University in Huntsville, Alabama.
After shadowing the president of Oakwood, Delbert Baker, Freeman decided to go into field of higher education, with the goal of becoming a university president.
He has experience in various aspects of student and academic affairs, faculty development, student residential life, and career development and advancement.
His areas of research includes higher education, the challenges in higher education administration programs, the university presidency, the faculty career cycle, and the leadership of historically black colleges and universities.
As of 2019, Freeman was a professor and instructor in the Department of Leadership and Counseling at the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho.
He called for more African American theologians trained at the doctoral level, as well as the development of a black Adventist theology.
In 2019, he was researching the life and works of Owen Troy, the first African American Adventist to earn a doctorate in theology.
In 2019, they were working together on a book chapter about their experiences retaining their cultural heritage as black professors in a majority white university and rural community.
The film tells about a large Russian timber merchant Yegor Burlychov, who is experiencing an internal conflict and a conflict with the surrounding unfair world.
He had started his career as a dramatist and stage actor and went on to act as a character actor, villainous roles in films.
He has acted along with four generation actors like as M. G. Ramachandran, Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, Jai Shankar, Muthuraman, Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Vijayakanth, Mohan, K. Bhagyaraj, Arjun Sarja, Karthik, Prabhu.
DJ Nu Kidd started his career as he was in the New Jersey Institute Of Technology of which he made playlist and made several mixes.
He was nominated as one of the talented DJs in Nigeria following his multi task as a DJ and a designer.
He then moved to the United States Newark, New Jersey where he had his first degree education at the New Jersey Institute Of Technology and studied engineering, with a Major in Mechanical engineering technology and minor in Manufacturing engineering technology.
He is best known for his performance in Güeros and Museum for which he won the 2019 Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Wicks played at Northern State in college, then played in Sweden for the Södertälje Kings for one year, then spent eleven non-consecutive years as an assistant at four different colleges including Northern State, Colorado, Northern Illinois, and San Francisco.
He was named All-NSIC twice, all-Conference academic selection twice, and won the Clark Swisher Male Athlete of the Year once in the 2002–03 season.
Wicks spent two seasons as an assistant coach for his alma-mater Northern State for two seasons under head coach Paul Sather.
During the 2017–18 season, Northern State compiled a record of 36-4 and were national runner-ups in the 2018 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament.
He's had one player make the All-Conference Second Team, Lavon Hightower, and had two players receive honorable mentions, Tyrell Carroll and Bryan Hudson.
Based on the same platform as the Luxgen U6 compact crossover, the URX crossover is Luxgen's first 7-seater crossover positioned above the Luxgen U6.
Port Phillip Ferries is a ferry company that operates on Port Phillip to the south of Melbourne, providing fast ferry services connecting Geelong and Portarlington to Melbourne Docklands.
Ferries had a long tradition of operating on Port Phillip but by 2016 none were left except for a tourist shuttle to Williamstown and the Searoad Ferries connection across the Port Phillip heads between Sorrento and Queenscliff.
The company is owned by Little Group, which in turn is controlled by Paul Little, a former managing director of the transport company Toll Holdings.
In 2016 the company operated a trial route from Werribee South to Melbourne Docklands, but patronage was insufficient for the service to continue.
The film tells about the relationship of a girl from an intelligent family and a working boy who become participants in the civil war.
Kanki is a census town in the Para CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Kanki had a total population of 6,884, of which 3,530 (51%) were males and 3,350 (49%) were females.
Among the civic amenities, it had 17 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved overhead tank, hand pump, uncovered well.
Among the medical facilities it had 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity and child welfare centre, 1 veterinary hospital, 4 medicine shops.
Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 middle school, the nearest secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school, at Santaldih 2 km away, the nearest general degree college at Raghunathpur 24 km away.
Para Block Primary Health Centre, with 30 beds, at Para is a major government medical facility in the Para CD block.
He enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1881 and, after missing two years due to illness, graduated from the Literary Department in 1887 with a Ph.B.
While at Michigan, he was also a champion wrestler, a sprinter on the track team, and a member of the baseball team.
He was admitted to practice as an attorney in 1892 and served as a circuit court commissioner in Shiawassee County and city attorney for Owosso, Michigan.
He later practiced in partnership with Matthew H. Bishop, became one of Detroit's most prominent criminal attorneys, and tried some of the city's most famous cases.
Hotjar is a behavior analytics service that helps online businesses understand the behavior of website users, providing feedback through tools such as heatmaps, session recordings, and surveys.
It can be used alongside traditional web analytics tools such as Google Analytics to offer an insight into how people are navigating websites, and how their customer experience can be improved.
Founded in 2014, Hotjar is run completely remotely by over 100 team members across 20 countries and is used on over 500,000 sites worldwide.
Founded in 2014 by Dr. David Darmanin, Hotjar is a privately owned company that builds research and optimization tools for web businesses.
Darmanin remains the chief executive of the company and in March 2019 won the EY Malta Entrepreneur of the Year award.
The company quickly went from running a nine-month beta program to making Hotjar available to the public, to reaching an Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) of €8 Million by June 2017.
Hotjar then announced it would be investing €4million into further expanding the company, which was increased by a further €13million by 2019.
In the late 8th century, the area came under the control of the Armenian Bagratid (Bagratuni) dynasty, until it was captured and annexed by the Byzantine Empire in 969.
A number of ruins dot the landscape near the village including the Arakelots Monastery, Surp Marineh Church, Mush, Surb Karapet Monastery.
Shobdo Jobdo is an upcoming Bengali web series which is going to be streamed on Bengali OTT platform hoichoi from 28 February 2020.
He was the chief designer of the Fengyun-2, China's first geostationary meteorological satellite, and the Yaogan-1, China's first remote sensing satellite.
When Mao Zedong decided to develop China's own artificial satellite in 1958, Wei joined the satellite program at the Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) upon graduation that year.
He excelled in research and developed a specialized digital computer in 1964 to enhance the ability to detect weak communication signals.
In 1965, he participated in the design of the telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C) system of the Dong Fang Hong I, China's first satellite, as an assistant to Chen Fangyun.
In 1969, Wei was transferred to the newly established Shanghai Huayin Machinery Factory, the predecessor of the Shanghai Satellite Engineering Institute (code name 509 Institute) of the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology.
In 1982, Wei joined the research program for the Fengyun-2, China's first geostationary meteorological satellite, and was named its chief designer when the project was officially inaugurated.
The Fengyun-2 satellite was successfully launched on 12 June 1997, and was awarded the National Defence Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class).
In the aftermath of the Great Sichuan earthquake of 2008, the pictures taken by the satellite provided valuable guidance to the rescue operation.
In September 2019, he travelled to Beijing and Taiyuan to prepare for the launch of the Gaofen-10 high-resolution earth observation satellite.
On 29 September 2019, he again travelled from Shanghai to the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center to participate in the launch, but suddenly fell ill the next day.
Following another successful launch of the Gaofen-12 satellite on 28 November 2019, the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology held a ceremony to dedicate Wei Zhongquan's cenotaph at the martyrs' cemetery of the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center.
According to his daughter, he travelled for business almost every week when she was young and had little time to spend with her.
Pato has served as Principal of the College of the Transfiguration,  a Provincial Executive Officer and at prishes in South Africa and England.
In 1711, after creating a portrait of the Prince of Asturias, then only four years old, he was given free access to the palace and received numerous commissions from King Philip V and his wife, Elisabeth Farnese.
Many of his portraits, done in traditional style, show the influence of Juan Carreño de Miranda, but also incorporate novelties he acquired from the French portraitists, Jean Ranc and Michel-Ange Houasse, which made him popular among the bourgeoisie as well as the aristocracy.
After working as a house officer, she returned to the University of Otago to complete a master's degree in 1989 under the supervision of Cliff Abraham.
Her lab reported in 2011 that place cells and grid cells, special types of cells in the brain that are important for navigation, predominantly represent 3D space as a horizontal plane.
She collaborated on the piece 'Spin Glass' with Jenny Walsh and Jeremy Keenan, which represents the head direction network in the brain of an animal.
After completing Grade 4, he dropped out of school to work on his family rice fields for a year before being ordained as a novice monk.
After moving to a temple in Nakhon Sawan Province, he practiced singing Phleng Lae with Luang Por Luea, graduated in Buddhist theology and was ordained a monk for one year.
The Phoenix Roadrunners were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Portland Buckaroos in five games in the final series.
Manuel Ernesto is a Mozambican Anglican bishop: he was previously Suffragan Bishop of Diocese of Niassa and since 2019 the inaugural bishop of the Missionary Diocese of Nampula.
Disappearance is a 2019 American thriller film directed by Matt Shapira and starring Jemma Dallender, Hutch Dano, Reggie Lee and Matthew Marsden.
After the disappearance of George Boulangé (Matthew Marsden) from his sailboat, Detective Park must sort through everyone's stories to ascertain if there was foul play, or if George simply left for greener pastures.
The film tells about a schoolgirl Nastya, who constantly invents and tells something, as a result of which she quarrels with a teacher, classmates and sister.
She is the incumbent Minister of Social Solidarity and Inclusion, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
She has also been the leader of the Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan (KHUNTO) political party since its foundation in 2011.
Pekelman was born in Born in Mărculești in Bessarabia Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day Moldova), to a religious Jewish family of merchants that gave great importance to education and diligence.
It was Ada Maimon, ten years Pekelman's senior, from the same hometown, who helped her upon arrival and advised her to learn flooring.
In 1925, the rape that she suffered resulted in the birth of her first daughter, Tikva, who died after about one month as a result of poisoning.
On January 19, 1940, Pekelman threw herself to her death from the third floor balcony of the Esther Cinema on Dizengoff Square.
As told in her book, in 1925 Pekelman travelled to Tel Aviv for a farewell party held by a friend toward his leaving the country.
She describes meeting, after the party, a fellow pioneer named Yeruham Mirkin, who insistently invited her to join him in his cousin's room, where she reported he beat her up and raped her.
After some time she went back to a flooring job in Tel Aviv, but did not feel well, and a doctor she visited told her she was pregnant.
When she confronted Mirkin with that, he denied any involvement with it, and when he learnt about the birth of the baby girl, he ran off.
Most women felt that they were as qualified as men for this job and demanded their share in drying the marshes, not to show that they were strong, but to provide with bread to eat; I also attended such a meeting.
We proved undisputedly what work we were doing in Tel Aviv: building houses ourselves, poured concrete roofs ourselves, with help from no men.
It describes her attempts to integrate into the work and social life in the country, and the crisis following the violent events she went through.
The book allows for a historical examination of the gaps that emerge between the idealization of the historical narrative and reality, as experienced by the author.
In 2007 the book was re-published with annotations, including an epilogue of two essays, one by David De Vries and Talia Pfefferman, and the second by Tamar Hess, all three of them from the Tel Aviv University.
In Henya Pekelman's stories, the pattern of her voice being silenced can be taken as a symbol for the general frequent silencing of women's voices in those times.
its uniqueness lies in the fact that in it history speaks to us through the mouth of an ordinary person, contrary to most narratives covering political leaders and elite groups.
Another importance of the book is found in the social and political contexts in which it was written: Although at the beginning women were considered equal to men in various sectors of the economy, by the time the British mandate had begun, there was an expectation that they return to their traditional roles: childbirth, childcare, education and home care.
In her insistence on continuing to perform duties outside the home, such as fruit picking, dairy farming or tobacco field work, Pekelman sounds the voices of women who were excluded by a society that was essentially run by men.
Tzipora is reported to have hidden Pekelman's book from her daughter, an act that combined with the general disregard of the book by the press at the time.
The film tells about the engineer Bogomolov, who is so passionate about his work that he does not notice how his wife cheats on him and his friends betray him.
The film tells about the soldier Nikolay, who returns from the front and learns that his wife is no longer alive.
The Américas Award was proposed in 1992 within the Teaching and Outreach Committee of the Consortium of Latin American Studies Programs.
Julie Kline, at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, served as the committee chair for the first 3 years of the award and then went on to be the award coordinator for many years.
Selknam's home stadium has not been formally announced yet but it is expected they will play at the home of the Chile national team; Estadio Santiago Bueras.
Pagleaazam is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Vikas P Kavthekar and APS Raghuvanshi starring Aditya Pratap Singh and Sonia Sharma.
Peter Anton (25 June 1850 – 10 December 1911) was a Scotland international rugby union player who represented Scotland in the 1872–73 Home Nations rugby union matches.
Born in Vienna, Jokl's vocal training took place with the wife of the piano virtuoso Moriz Rosenthal, Mrs. Rosenthal-Ranner, among others.
Afterwards Jokl changed for one season to the Landestheater Darmstadt (today Staatstheater Darmstadt), in order to finally sing under the conductor at first at the Theater des Westens (until 1925), then at the Cologne Opera (until 1926) to sing.
A planned move to the Kroll Opera House in Berlin in 1932 did not come about because of its closure, so she returned to the Landestheater Darmstadt, where she was dismissed as a Jew after the seizure of power by the National Socialists in spring 1933.
She still made some appearances at events of the Jüdischer Kulturbund under the conductors Joseph Rosenstock and Hans Wilhelm Steinberg and a tour of France with a travelling stage.
The Metropolitan Opera in New York turned down an engagement for the singer because her part was already occupied by Lily Pons and Bidu Sayão.
In Darmstadt, a plaque was erected in the foyer of the Staatstheater in June 2011 in memory of the displaced Jewish employees of the Institute, including Jokl.
The Sky Above Us is an American astronomy television show hosted by James Albury, director of the Kika Silva Pla Planetarium at Santa Fe College.
The 2020 Four Continents Speed Skating Championships are the first edition of the championship and held from 31 January to 2 February 2020 at the Pettit National Ice Center in Milwaukee, United States.
With the West Park Ice Palace being built, the Quakers had a facility with stable ice to rely upon for the season.
Penn tied PDC twice during the season but as most leagues didn't count ties so those games were left off of the final standings.
The 600th (Russian) Infantry Division was a military division that was formed by the German Army during the Second World War.
The division was established on 1 December 1944 and was also known as the 1st Infantry Division of the Russian Liberation Army.
The division was built up in Münsingen and was formally part of the Ersatzheer, the reserve army of the Wehrmacht, during the build-up period.
On 28 January 1945, when construction was completed, the command was handed over to the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR), which was granted the status of ally.
In Andrei Vlasov, the army of the KONR, the VS KONR, had its own commander-in-chief and thus an independent position with regard to the Wehrmacht.
The core of the division was formed by remnants of the abolished 29th Russian SS Waffen-Grenadier-Division and 30th Russian SS Waffen-Grenadier-Division.
This was supplemented by thirteen Russian battalions of the Wehrmacht and a large number of former prisoners of war and forced laborers.
At full strength, the division had 18,000 men and was equipped with, among other things, a number of T-34 tanks, Jagdpanzer 38(t) tank hunters, a few armored vehicles and various types of artillery guns.
As a fire baptism, a small detachment from the 1st Division was successfully deployed in February 1945 against Soviet troops at Neulewin on the Oder.
At the beginning of April the division arrived in the area of ​​Heeresgruppe Weichsel, where it launched an attack on the Red Army at Erlenhof on 13 April, supported by the VS-KONR air force.
When the attack got stuck within a few hours and the division had lost about 370 men, Boenjatshenko decided to move south, to the area between Linz and Budweis, where Vlasov wanted to concentrate his troops.
Here, Boenjatshenko was approached by representatives of the Czech resistance, who prepared an uprising in Prague to expel the Germans from the city.
The uprising broke out on May 5 and was assisted by the 1st Division the next day without the knowledge of Vlasov.
Although thanks to the Russians most of the city could be freed, their help aroused the anger of the Czech Communists, who demanded that they surrender to the Red Army.
The division finally tried to surrender to the Americans, who, in spite of international law, extradited the Russians to the Soviet Union, where the soldiers ended up in Gulag camps.
The 25-minute episodes are pre-released on V Live, Naver TV Cast, YouTube and Facebook's Playlist Global official channels on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 19:00 (KST).
Nini Gogichaishvili (; born 23 November 1993) is a Georgian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Georgia 2018.
He plays as a flanker or No8 for the Selknam in Súper Liga Americana de Rugby where he has been named captain and for Chile as well as the Sudamerica XV internationally.
Jan Tadeusz Tombiński (born 4 October 1958, Kraków) is a Polish historian and diplomat, Poland ambassador to Slovenia (1996–1998), France (2001–2006), permanent representative to the European Union (2007–2012), and EU ambassador to Ukraine (2012–2016) and the Holy See (since 2016).
Shortly after graduation he was employed by the university library, since 1987 he was lecturer at the Jagiellonian University Institute of History.
In 1995, he was posted at the newly formed embassy in Ljubljana, following year being nominated ambassador to Slovenia, accredited also to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Later, he joined the European External Action Service, serving as an EU ambassador to Ukraine (2012–2016) and the Holy See (since 2016).
In 2020, the UCI redesigned the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup, expanding the total number of races to 14 (initially aiming for 16).
New races were added in Antwerp, Besançon, Diegem, Dublin, Hulst, Overijse, Villars, Wachtebeke and Zonhoven, while the races in Bern, Heusden-Zolder, Iowa and Nommay were dropped.
Lewis Gibson (born 19 July 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays for Fleetwood Town, on loan from Everton, as a defender.
Gibson has represented England at under-17, under-18 and under-20 level and was part of the side who lifted the FIFA U-17 World Cup in 2017.
After seeing Yale and Johns Hopkins play the first intercollegiate game the year before, George Orton a graduate student from Canada, organized the first ice hockey team for Pennsylvania University.
Pennsylvania's season was hampered by a lack of local facilities, something that Orton would fix the following year when he helped build the first indoor rink in the Philadelphia area, the West Park Ice Palace.
She learnt painting from her father and C. F. Goldie and specialised in floral paintings and portraits; later in her life she also painted landscapes.
Daniel Kemp (born 11 January 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Stevenage, on loan from West Ham United, as a midfielder.
Prior to Nigeria's independence in 1960, he was a member of the Western House of Assembly and at one point, he was selected as a minority whip of the house.
In 1966, along with Shehu Shagari and Hon Olaniran, they represented Nigeria at the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association's Conference where he talked about a continued focus on South Africa's racial problems upon the exit of the country from the commonwealth.
Zhang Pingxiang (; born March 1965) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as president of Northwest Institute of Non-ferrous Metal Research.
Ortuseight is an Indonesian sport manufacturing company based in the Tangerang, Indonesia and it was established in 2018 which produces sports shoes and jerseys.
The Henry M. Jackson Hydroelectric Project, or Jackson Hydro Project, is an electric power generating project on the Sultan river operated and maintained by the Snohomish County Public Utility District (SnoPUD) in Washington state, co-licensed by the city of Everett, Washington.
The facility consists of a single powerhouse, two main generating units, a switch-yard, and transmission lines—all of which are directly connected to the county's local 115 kV sub-transmission network.
The largest generating station operated by the Snohomish county PUD, the Jackson Hydro powerhouse has a total nameplate capacity of 112 megawatts, enough to power 53,200 homes, and accounts for 7 percent of the Snohomish county PUD's total power needs.
The vast majority of the Snohomish county PUD's power comes from the Chief Joseph Dam, located in eastern Washington, through long-term contracts with the Bonneville Power Administration.
The Jackson Hydroelectric Project was constructed in two phases, the first of which was completed in 1965 with the construction of the Culmback Dam, creating Spada lake—the water supply for the Jackson Hydro Project.
The second phase was completed in 1984, when the Culmback dam was raised an additional 62 feet, quadrupling the water capacity of Spada lake.
Lawlor was born in Thames, New Zealand in 1878 and as a child was given the family nickname 'Bob', which she used her whole life.
She and her three sisters were initially educated at home by a governess, but when her father's business started losing money the children were sent to Kauaeranga Boys' School in Thames instead.
Lawlor worked for advertising agency Chandler & Co., and while there designed the Sergeant Dan advertising story for Creamoata, a product of Flemings, a cereal company based in Gore.
As of 2018, it is one of the country's leading labels, having achieved notable commercial success, including on Romania's music charts.
In January 2020, Romanian Television (TVR) announced that they will collaborate with the label for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, yielding in an artist out of their roster being selected to represent Romania in the contest.
Rahi Badal Gaye is a 1985 Hindi romantic drama film, produced by Ravi Malhotra under the R. M. Films banner and directed by Ravi Tandon.
Indigenous rangers are Indigenous Australians who are combine traditional knowledge with conservation training in order to protect and manage their land, sea and culture.
Many rangers are employed both in Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) and other parts of Australia, including the Torres Strait Islands and other islands.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men and women employed as rangers have reported benefits to wellbeing and as well as benefiting their own and the wider Australian community.
Many of Australia's threatened species and ecosystems are located on IPAs and/or in remote parts of Australia, and 19.63% of Australia falls in protected areas, with much of this in remote deserts.
The federal Working on Country program was established by the Howard government in 2007, with the aim of creating meaningful employment, training and career pathways for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in managing land and sea areas, as well as maintaining their cultures, and sharing their skills and knowledge with others.
Many rangers are employed both in Indigenous Protected Areas and other parts of Australia, including the Torres Strait Islands, Flinders Island and Cape Barren Island off Tasmania, and Croker Island and Groote Eylandt off the Northern Territory.
In April 2018 the government announced that it would commit in funding until June 2021, which would support 118 ranger groups.
establishing a long-term target of 5,000 ranger positions nationally, increasing the funding for services supporting the programs, and extending the lengths of contracts to at least ten years, for greater stability.
Country Needs People is an alliance of more than 40 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations, The Pew Charitable Trusts, and more than 95,000 individuals, campaigning for the growth and security of Indigenous ranger jobs and Indigenous Protected Areas.
Born in Düsseldorf, Croll studied Kapellmeister at the Robert Schumann Hochschule and musicology with Rudolf Gerber at the University of Münster.
With Bernhard Paumgartner, a much acclaimed performance of an early opera by Emilio de' Cavalieri was given at the Salzburg Festival.
His research on Salzburg's music history and its lively cultivation was directed not only at Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart but also at Johann Michael Haydn, Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Georg Muffat among others.
He encouraged the restoration of valuable local instruments (Salzburg Claviorganum, Haydn grand piano) and contributed significantly to the restoration of the organs on the crossing porticoes in Salzburg Cathedral.
Through his personal commitment he was able to acquire a number of important collections and estates (Rudolf Gerber, Bernhard Paumgartner, Friderica Derra de Moroda) for the institute.
From 1960 to 1990, as head of the Complete Edition and later as director of the Salzburg Gluck Research Centre, he set new accents in Gluck research through numerous publications and music editions.
As co-founder of the Gluck Festival in the composer's home region, he rendered great services to the maintenance of Gluck's oeuvre.
The close connection to musical practice was also reflected in his teaching activities and his lifelong contacts with great musical personalities.
An intensive professional exchange took place with musicians and conductors such as René Jacobs, Alan Curtis and Diego Fasolis, and open-minded interpreters such as Nikolaus Harnoncourt could be won for lectures on performance practice.
The 'Collegium musicum' at the Institute of Musicology, which Croll had directed for many years, offered students the opportunity to explore the subject of their field by making music themselves.
Croll promoted and accompanied the foundation of an ensemble for historical dance at the Institute for Musicology in Salzburg, which, under the long-standing direction of Sibylle Dahms, was dedicated to the practical implementation of dance sources.
This enabled in particular the relationship between music and dance from the late 16th century to the 19th century to be researched and put into practice.
The Fairview Avenue North Bridge in Seattle, Washington, is a timber-pile bridge being rebuilt along Lake Union's eastern shore in Seattle's Eastlake neighborhood.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and serves as general manager of the Sinopec Exploration Company.
After graduating in 1988, he assumed various posts in the Shengli Oilfield Geological Research Institute, including assistant, engineer, and senior engineer.
Armen Mkoyan, Businessman, founder of Elite Group, Javakhk Support Foundation member of the Board of Trustees, Member of the Presidency of the Union of Manufacturers and Businessmen of Armenia.
In 1975 he moved from the Diliska village school to study at a 3rd physics-gradient school in Yerevan, graduating in 1978.
From 1983 to 1985 he graduated with honors from the Department of Quantum Radiophysics, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU).
José Agustinho da Silva is an East Timorese politician and a member of the Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan (KHUNTO) political party.
He is the incumbent Minister of Transport and Communications, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
The EthioTrees Ecosystem Restoration Association, in short EthioTrees, established in 2016, is a project for environmental rehabilitation and woodland restoration in Dogu’a Tembien (Ethiopia).
Since many years, there has been severe land degradation and desertification in Tigray and the area became also impoverished; however a lot of efforts are done to rehabilitate these semi-arid mountain landscapes.
To contribute to the ongoing effort for rehabilitation, they initiated development projects that addressed in the first place land conservation, ecosystem services and livelihood.
In addition, landless youngsters derive much less income from sales of livestock or agricultural produce, in comparison to farmers with land.
The communities are invited to design and implement the project themselves; for this purpose, EthioTrees uses a participatory mapping approach during all phases of the project.
The sequestered carbon is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold, among others to Davines, an Italian producer of beauty products.
The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for incense.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
The winner of the preliminary round joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while the losing team was relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1995.
He played for the Cincinnati Bengals from 1984 to 1985, the Chicago Bears in 1986 and for the New England Patriots in 1987.
Although placing itself firmly in the tradition of the now defunct Communist Party of New Zealand (CPNZ), the NCPA does not have a direct organizational or personal link with the CPNZ.
In its political program it supports the transition from a capitalist economy to a dictatorship of the proletariat in which workers own the means of production.
The NCPA demands stricter protections of LGBT people against homophobia and transphobia and women's rights, including the complete closure of the wage gap between men and women.
In international relations it supports a policy of nonalignment, rejecting New Zealand's membership as a NATO Global Partner and the Five Eyes.
It has fraternal relations with the Communist Party of Australia, with representatives of both parties visiting each other's congresses and issuing joint statements.
He is the incumbent Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
The bridge was built on timber piles, or a pier, as the city grew south over the mudflats of Elliott Bay's shore and the Duwamish River estuary.
Playing both handball and football, he was considered one of the country's top football prospects at the time of his death.
He started playing for the senior team of Fram in 1969 and his performance caught the eye of Ríkharður Jónsson, the manager of the Iceland national football team, who selected him to the squad in December 1969 for its game against Bermuda.
On January 30, after the Icelandic team had arrived at the Windsor Hotel in Lancaster Gate, Rúnar stepped out on his rooms balcony to look at the view.
In 1997, she was part of a team of ten who were the first group to spend the winter on the South African base SANAE IV.
Rowse was doctor for the team and her preparation for the job meant that she undertook a range of courses to make her familiar with every aspect of emergency medicine.
Mauro Varela (died 30 January 2020) was a Spanish banker, lawyer and politician who served as a Deputy (1989–2000) and as a member of the Parliament of Galicia.
The 2020 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place between 31 January and 2 February 2020 in Bormio, Italy.
His father was the co-star agent of poi satchi film, he went to Arunachalam Studios one day with his father while filming.
He also acted in a few Telugu films such as Nenu Maavite Sampangala (1981) before he started acting in Tamil films.
He finished 11th in the 1930 Picardy Grand Prix but did not finish the 1930 Belgian Grand Prix after running out of fuel.
Montier notched up another DNF in the the 1930 French Grand Prix and was flagged off in 8th place in the 1930 San Sebastián Grand Prix, ahead only of retirees.
A 10th place finish was secured in the 1931 Casablanca Grand Prix and 11th at the 1931 Dieppe Grand Prix, one place behind his father.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1995.
The object will be built on an area of more than 9 hectares, where modern conditions will be created for various sports and cultural events.
The construction of auxiliary facilities, such as an elevator, an electrical substation, a fire extinguishing pool and parking for 2,000 cars, is planned on the stadium territory.
For the guests it is planned to build separate rooms for a total of 448 places, playgrounds for walks at a height of more than 9 meters and other supporting facilities.
Little Flower Mission operated from 1938 - 1942 and it was a mission to Eastern Arrernte people who were living in and around the township of Alice Springs.
Dr. Charles Duguid, a Presbertyrian social reformer and Aboriginal rights activist, inspired the creation of the mission after sharing his condemnation of conditions for Aboriginal people in Alice Springs.
Responding to Duguid's call the mission was established in 1935 by Catholic priest Father Patrick Moloney and the lay missionary Francis McGarry.
Father Moloney, who had previous experience establishing missions (Palm Island in 1931 and Menindee in 1933) originally planned for the mission to seek Aboriginal people who had little contact with Europeans but, after 2 unsuccessful expeditions into the desert, he decided that Eastern Arrernte fringe-dwellers in Alice Springs, would be the most amenable to the mission and also some of the most in need.
This lack of food, caused by the devastating impacts of colonisation, was a major factor that attracted so many Arrernte people to the many missions that were established in Alice Springs.
The mission was established 1 October 1935, on the feast day of St Therese of Lisieux, which is also known as 'Little Flower' and it was initially located in the Alice Springs town centre; on Bath Street.
It is often said that McGarry played a uniquely pivotal roll in the mission and this is because Father Moloney believed that St Therese had meant the Mission to be McGarry's, not his, as officially it had to be.
At the new mission McGarry fed, clothed and taught Aboriginal children at the presbytery everyday and, after interest from the adults, began teaching adult catechism classes.
It was this resistance, and that the town was a prohibited area, that necessitated the move to Charles Creek in 1937.
The missions new location on the Charles River, nearby the Alice Springs Telegraph Station (which was then operating at The Bungalow), was on the town's northern boundary and was still only a short walk to the presbytery.
To allow this move the government agreed to increase the size of the Aboriginal Reserve around the Telegraph Station and it came to include all the land on the eastern side of the Charles River as far south as it met with the Todd River; this significantly increased the grazing land for the Bungalow's goat herd which supplied milk for the children.
At this new site McGarry, and the newly arrived Brother Ed Bennett, sank a well and built a schoolroom, kitchen and laundry; working side-by-side with Arrernte men from the mission.
Following the completion of these buildings, and after forming an advisory council of 8 senior Aboriginal men, they pegged out plots on the mission site for each family and built Wurlies on them.
These wurlies, called ‘Camp IV’, were not approved by the government and regularly drew ire from Alice Springs residents who complained about the proximity of the camp to town.
A mission census in April 1937 counted 113 people in residence at the mission: sixty children, twenty six women and twenty seven men; living in thirty seven wurlies.
By August 1938 there were 140 people living at the mission in thirty nine wurlies: fifty children, forty women and fifty men.
In 1942, following the bombing of Darwin, the mission was forced to move from Alice Springs as the town became an base and large numbers of soldiers moved to the town.
The mission was ordered to relocate approximately 100 km north to Arltunga, a former mining town, which is now the Arltunga Historical Reserve.
McGarry was asked to leave the mission shortly after the move was completed; likely due to his fraught relationship with the sisters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart.
At this site is became known as the Arltunga Mission and, in 1953, it moved again to Santa Teresa (now known as: Ltyentye Apurte Community).
Little Flower Court, in the Anthelk-Ewlpaye (Charles Creek) Town Camp, is named for the mission and it is located on the original site of the mission.
Electron microscopy showed many round viral particles measuring ∼60-80nm in the liver cytoplasm, but it could not be confirmed whether these corresponded with the RNA identified.
It is not known whether the beluga is the natural host of this virus or whether the virus is pathogenic in whales.
A closely-related virus was subsequently reported in bottlenose dolphins, with the authors proposing both should be included in the same species, Cetacean coronavirus.
In January 1946, he was arrested for suspected complicity with the Safi during the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1946, together with his son-in-law Khalilullah Khalili.
The Cassian River is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the municipalities of Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier and Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Cassian River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood occurs in March or April.
From this confluence, the current descends on generally towards the south following the course of the Jacques-Cartier River which flows on the northwest bank of the Saint-Laurent river.
A resident of Neiafu, he represented Vavaʻu in the Agricultural Council, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly as one of the two MLAs from Vavaʻu.
Chozi is a small town in the Nakonde District of Muchinga Province of Zambia, approximately west of the border town of Nakonde.
In 1978 some 4907 tonnes of copper and 548 tonnes of lead and zinc were left at Chozi for an entire month during transportation.
Harrow Road Boyz (HRB), also referred to as Mozart, is a British hip hop collective and street gang from Queen's Park, London.
Fredo was a younger of the Harrow Road Boyz elders Ratlin and Rugrat, initially, he’d never tried rapping, however when he saw rivals rapping and what they were saying in their music, he chose to wave his own case over authenticity, as well as put HRB in the limelight y recording his own songs and has achieved commercial success with numerious charted singles.
The Harrow Road Boyz and gang members of the Mozart Estate have been in an ongoing rivalry with nearby hip hop collective and gang £R who's most successful artist is C Biz.
She was twice a double ladies finalist at the Australian Championships in 1928 and 1932, each time alongside Kathleen Le Messurier.
In 1588, holding the rank of captain and in anticipation of the Spanish Armada, he commanded 300 trained and 75 untrained men of Surrey.
He plays as a full back or centre for Rugby ATL in Major League Rugby having previously played for the Southland Stags in the Mitre 10 Cup.
The Three Sharp Peaks of Hong Kong () are a collection of three peaks that Hong Kong hikers deem as very challenging to summit because of loose rocks and steep inclination.
The peaks are Castle Peak (583m) in Tuen Mun, Sharp Peak (468m) in Sai Kung and High Junk Peak (344m) in Clear Water Bay.
While Castle Peak is the tallest of the three, Sharp Peak is generally considered the hardest of the three because of its remoteness and steepness.
They are the aforementioned Sharp Peak, High Junk Peak (which is in Clear Water Bay but technically in the Sai Kung Area) and the remote Tai Yue Ngam Teng (233m) peak.
Convener (or chief/president) is a highest political post in the Punjab unit of Aam Aadmi Party, holds Important responsibilities for the success of Party in Punjab.
After 2014 Indian general election in Punjab on 29 August 2014, Sucha Singh Chhotepur was appointed as first convener of Aam Aadmi Party's Punjab unit.
He also resigned from the post on 17 March 2018 due to the apology by Arvind Kejriwal from Bikram Singh Majithia.
After this for a year the post remained vacant and then 31 January 2019 before General election Maan again appointed as the Chief.
Dubra is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Para CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Dubra had a total population of 5,506, of which 2,866 (52%) were males and 2,640 (48%) were females.
Among the civic amenities, it had 11 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved overhead tank, hand pump, uncovered well.
Among the medical facilities it had 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity and child welfare centre, 3 medicine shops.
Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Raghunathpur 20 km away.
Para Block Primary Health Centre, with 30 beds, at Para, is a major government medical facility in the Para CD block.
She is the founder and CEO of Traders of Africa, a B2B e-commerce platform focused on driving intra-African trade as well as trade between African countries and the rest of the world through technology, and African Trade Invest, a Pan African trade and investment company.
Uju Ojinnaka explored a lot of activity in secondary school, apart from being the deputy head girl, she was the best speaker of the debating society.
Her leadership abilities began to thrive when she was given the role of the food secretary at Queen of Rosary College Onitsha, she was in charge of handling large sums of money for purchasing food for the students.
Uju Uzo - Ojinnaka finished her secondary education in 1994, she got admission into the University of Lagos in 1995 to study sociology.
After 9 years in the banking sector and co-chairing her husband's company, Beniz group, Uju decided to push for something more.
In 2017, her thirst for more led her to the China Europe International Business School, where she was the president for the Class of 2017.
Traders of Africa connect thousands of suppliers and small scale farmers to large market opportunities through their e-commerce platform, making it easier for international importers to discover African manufacturers and producers .
Traders of Africa (TOFA) has physically engaged over 8,000 merchants spread over 15 African countries including Ghana, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya and Nigeria.
The festival is curated by the film critic Mark Kermode and the film historian Linda Ruth Williams in partnership with Shetland Arts.
The festival was founded in 2006 after Kermode was asked to help start a festival when appearing at Shetland's Wordplay book festival.
When the festival was founded there were no cinemas on Shetland, so screenings were held in a variety of venues across the islands including the Lerwick livestock market, a bus shelter in Unst, village halls and the Garrison Theatre.
Admission in the college for four years Bachelor of Technology course is made through UGEAC conducted by Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board.
The tour began on August 31, 2019 in Missoula, Montana, United States and is set to conclude on November 15, 2020 in Paris, France.
Bon Iver announced the North American autumn tour dates on June 3, 2019 with opening acts Feist, Sharon Van Etten, and Yo La Tengo.
Bon Iver, through their campaign 2ABillion, partnered with local organizations to fight gender inequity and to end domestic and sexual violence during the tour.
It was a mining town for many years after the discovery of gold in the Bendoc River in the 1850s, with dairying and sawmilling replacing mining as local industries in later years.
The town now contains the Bendoc Hotel (also known as the Commercial Hotel), the Bendoc Hall, a post office, police station, church, cemetery and Country Fire Authority brigade.
Much of the broader Bendoc locality, particularly in the southern half, is part of state or national parks, variously the Bendoc State Forest, Bonang State Forest and Errinundra National Park.
The heritage-listed Delegate River Diversion Tunnel sits near the boundary with Delegate River, while several surviving relics and sites from the mining era are locally heritage listed.
The town was cut off for several days after the blaze cut the main highway into East Gippsland, and was one of the last communities to be reached by rescue services.
Hayden's Bog Post Office opened as a receiving office 1902, became a post office on 1 July 1927 and closed on 1 November 1930.
In the black-barred wrasse the adults are blackish above and have the ventral half of the head, chest and belly white.
There is a short white to yellow vertical stripe which starts above the pectoral-fin base, a further two broad white to yellow stripes are on the flanks and they have a yellow tail.
The males also have a pale pink chin and long, thin filaments on the lobes of the caudal fin and pink patches on the ventral parts of the head and chest.
The black-barred wrasse is found in the south western Pacific Ocean from eastern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands south to the Great Barrier Reef, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island, the Kermadec Islands, New Caledonia and Tonga, it has also been recorded in Niue.
The black-barred wrasse was only described in 2003, it is closely related to Jansen's wrasse and the two species may be easily confused.
Many of their molecular characteristics are the same but they do differ in a single nucleotide of the cytochrome b sequence.
Despite being morphologicallu almost identical, they are each most probably separate and valid species and there may have been confusion over identification in previously stated distributions.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Dâmbovița is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Dâmbovița, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Derry Herlangga (born on July 12, 1995) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a left-back for Sriwijaya in the Liga 2.
Catalytic Communities (CatComm) is a Rio de Janeiro-based non-profit, think tank, and advocacy non-government organization (NGO) that conducts work in sustainable community development, human rights, communications, and urban planning.
The organization influenced the narrative on the Olympics by publishing articles with community perspectives (in both Portuguese and English) and maintaining contact with international journalists through press conferences and social media engagement.
Instead, they argued that these communities were subject to misrepresentations around the world and should be instead referred to as favelas.
It aimed to avoid blanket statements for describing neighborhoods as dramatized descriptions of drug trafficking and shanties, which didn't apply to the vast majority of favela residents.
The RioOnWatch initiative was subsequently recognized as the go-to source for information on favelas in Brazil, particularly amidst the media coverage of the Olympics.
In 2000, the organization was founded by Theresa Williamson while completing her PhD in city planning at the University of Pennsylvania.
She has won numerous prizes and awards, including the 2005 Gill-Chin Lim Award for Best Dissertation on International Planning, 2012 National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials Award for her contributions to the international housing debate, and the 2018 American Society of Rio prize for her contributions to the city.
Williamson previously worked as a Network & Communications Consultant for the Forests Now campaign in Oxford, United Kingdom and as a translator and English instructor to the General Ombudsman's Office in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, the database was designed to allow community activists and organizers to share ideas, disseminate information, and document best practices.
While much of this early work was not concerned with direct political action, it effectively brought social projects into the conversation of how to improve local communities using the technology available at the time.
Along with its CSD network, CatComm also initially ran a community center in Rio de Janeiro known as Casa do Gestor Catalisador (Casa Community Technology Hub).
Based in Rio's central historic port area, the Casa attracted over 1,000 local leaders and 400 external professionals (journalists, activists, professors, students) from 22 nations to engage in new projects.
With its goals being accomplished through the evolution of technology and digital platforms, both the CSD and Casa were terminated in 2008.
During the 2016 Summer Olympics, CatComm and RioOnWatch were particularly active in working to prevent forced evictions and protection local neighborhoods.
The municipal government of Rio de Janeiro pushed for the removal of local neighborhoods to create wealthier ones, such as in the favelas of Indiana, Babilônia, Vidigal, Vila União de Curicica, Metrô-Mangueira, and Horto.
In response, CatComm conducted workshops, produced educational material, and sought to protect the 1.4 million people in Rio de Janeiro's favelas.
There were also numerous educational programming campaigns on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, WordPress, and Blogger that brought international attention to the cause.
It recognized that Olympic organizers consistently pushed the notion that the Olympic Games were good for cities and countries, and evidence suggested that mainstream media outlets tended to disseminate a similar message.
In turn, international press organizations highlighted the gap between the government's rhetoric and the more complicated reality of Rio through the work of CatComm.
CatComm thus promoted the image of favelas as culturally rich and economically vibrant communities that maintained historic architecture in the face of increased gentrification.
It has since aimed to inform international development organizations, publish columns specific to Brazil's favela communities, highlight successful organization strategies, popularize innovative urban planning concepts, and documenting the legacy of the Olympics on favelas.
The former was the recipient of the Best Mid-Length Film Award at the Cine Periferia Pai D’égua Film Festival in Belém.
According to its more recent annual report in 2019, RioOnWatch had an increased readership of 50% with over 3,2000 articles published and 350,000 people reached per month.
A survey by the SFN found that 85% of the favela organizations wanted to install solar panels and transition to other sustainable technologies.
SFN was also a major attempt to promote international dialogue on the topic of sustainability through mapping initiatives and quantitative analysis.
Further attempts to bring the CLT to other at-risk communities around the world, such as Caño Martín Peña communities in Puerto Rico, have recently begun.
Since its founding, SFN has made a tangible impact on the Rio de Janeiro, with 54% of its organizations women-led and over 150 initiatives planned.
As of today, the CLT working group has over 150 members in 67 institutions who regularly participated in community workshops and legislative proposals.
Currently in its third phase of organizational development, CatComm its present mission as supporting sustainable and asset-based community development (ABCD) in Rio's favelas.
In Phase IV (2024–2030), according to its website, it will seek to expand its model of urban integration and social equity on a global scale.
He concluded that some portions of the text of the Quran are inauthentic, and that some pre-Islamic poetry is a later forgery.
He criticized the story of Abraham and Ishmael specifically, arguing that the story of them building the Ka'bah was invented in order to serve the interests of the Quraish tribe.
Because of the reaction to the work, Prime Minister Ismail Sidky removed Hussein from his position as dean of the literature department of the University of Cairo in 1932.
Today, the arguments of Hussein and Margoliouth are believed to have been superseded by new developments in the understanding of oral tradition, specifically the theory of oral-formulaic composition propounded by Milman Parry and Albert Lord.
Malankara Metropolitan/Malankara Syrian Metropolitans/ Mar Thoma Metropolitans were the titles which was given to address the Supreme Heads of the Malankara Church.
However the Supreme Head of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church uses the title of Malankara Metropolitan, Mar Thoma Metropolitan and the Malankara Syrian Metropolitan upholding the autonomous character of the Malankara Church.
In addition to her four LET wins Eberl was runner-up at the 2004 BMW Ladies Italian Open, one stroke behind Ana Belén Sánchez, and again at the 2006 Ladies English Open, one stroke behind Cecilia Ekelundh, and in 2008 lost a playoff to Lotta Wahlin at the Wales Ladies Championship of Europe.
She has been serving as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa since May 2019 and was previously a Member of the Free State Provincial Legislature.
Within the FF+, she serves as the national youth leader and is a member of the party's federal council, the federal committee and the Free State executive committee.
Following her husband's deployment to the National Assembly in December 2017, she filled his position in the Free State Provincial Legislature.
The Cook River is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in Jacques-Cartier National Park, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Cook River (except rapids) is generally frozen from early December to late March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood occurs in March or April.
From this confluence, the current descends on generally towards the south following the course of the Jacques-Cartier River which flows on the northwest bank of the Saint Lawrence river.
The Cook River toponym was formalized on November 7, 1985 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
He is supported by the Chief Instructors of the Army, Navy and Air wings, Major General in charge of Administration (MG IC Adm) (all Two-star rank appointments), Brigadier General Staff (BGS) (One-Star appointment) and a Staff Officer (SO to Comdt) (An Officer of the rank of Major).
After the partition of India and Pakistan, the Indian elements of the Staff College, Quetta led by Colonel S D Verma moved to India.
At the 2019 Summer Universiade held in Naples, Italy she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 52 kg event.
In the women's 52 kg event at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China she also won one of the bronze medals.
Khalid bin Khalifa Abdulaziz Thani (born 1968) is a Qatari politician, serving as Prime Minister of Qatar and Minister of the Interior from 28 January 2020.
He went to school in Doha and then to the US where he completed his bachelor's degree in Business Administration in 1993.
He then worked at the office of the First Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2006.
He went to school in Mayflower school Ikenne for his secondary education, and went further to study presentation in Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, he also had a degree in communication from the Prostestante Universite de lafrique de louest in Port Novo, Benin republic.
After attending the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria training school to study music, he decided to concentrate on his broadcasting career with the help of Dj ShyShy Shyllon, Dj Boombastic to name a few who helped him sharpen his skills.
He kicked off his broadcasting career in 2013 at Star FM, Lagos as a host of the radio drive time show where he served for about two years before he began to host other radio shows.
After handling the radio programs for two years, he inked a deal with with starlite online radio where he handled programming and productions for 6months.
At his stay, he was the head of production and programs, where he anchored the ‘’ultimate Morning show, Raypower lounge, Soul serenade the drive time show ‘’Power Play’’ every week day, the Saturday evening groove and the Sunday afternoon special.
He resigned on the 30th of November 2018 and left for splash 105.5fm Ibadan, where he currently handles the Smooth Home Drive on week days, Men United and Juicy Friday Night, Morning Splash Xtra, amongst others.
In 2018, Kolade established a fast rising Talent Promotion, PR and Management outfit ‘’10O8World’’, which presently houses Dotman and some other acts who are still under grooming.
As a MIDI controller, it does not make or output any musical sounds by itself; rather, it sends MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) messages about which notes are played (and with which types of expression) to an external synth module or computer music program running on a laptop or other computer.
Each key on the 12 Step senses the velocity, aftertouch pressure, and the amount of tilt the player is applying with her feet.
The messages from the player's foot presses can be sent via USB to a computer-based virtual instrument or to a USB-equipped synthesizer or other electronic or digital musical instrument.
The expressive nuances in playing the 12 Step can be used to make a virtual instrument or synthesizer's melodic line change in sound or timbre.
For example, a melody line could be played to get louder and softer by pressing the keys harder or more gently; by continuing to hold down a long note, the player could trigger effects such as vibrato; and by tilting the foot on the key, they could trigger a pitch bend (depending on the user's programmqing of the 12 Step and the design of the synth patch).
The 12 Step's keys can be used to play individual notes in many octaves, enabling it to be used to play anything from deep-pitched basslines or high-pitched melody lines.
The programmable chord feature enables performers to play chords with their feet and accompany themselves or be a one man band.
The 12 Step has 59 factory preset programming choices, including a chromatic scale and many different types of chords (major, minor, dominant seventh, power chords, etc.).
Most 1980s and 1990s-era bass pedal MIDI controllers are simply an on-off switch, so players could not add expressive changes of dynamics or nuance to their foot-played musical lines.
The buttons on the SoftStep are user programmable, so each person could customize their SoftStep to control different functions on their computer music or electronic gear's set up.
The one drawback of the SoftStep is that even though it can be programmed to play individual notes on a synthesizer, it was not intended to be used as a musical instrument.
The 12 Step has a 13 keys laid out in a musical keyboard fashion, appearing like the chromatic octave starting on C on a piano keyboard.
The 12 Step is USB plug-and-play, which means that it can be plugged directly into a compatible computer without needing software drivers.
As such, a musician with a virtual instrument on her computer could play scales and melodies using the virtual instrument just by plugging the 12 Step into a USB port on the computer.
The 12 Step can be used to play 1980s and 1990s-era synthesizers and hardware instruments that are pre-USB (e.g., a DX-7 synth or TR-808 drum machine), which only have 5-pin MIDI connectors by using the KMI MIDI Expander, a unit that is sold separately.
Each of the keys on the 12 Step have bright white backlighting from an LED, so the keys can be seen on a dark stage.
As well, each key has a red LED light that turns on if you press the key, to help you know if you are pressing the intended key.
The keys sense velocity (how hard or soft the foot hits the key), poly aftertouch (whether or not your foot continues to press the key after the initial strike, which can be used to add nuance to sustained notes, such as by triggering vibrato or other effects) and pitch bend (a gliding glissando sound).
One feature in the 12 Step not found in other MIDI foot controllers is that each key can be programmed to play up to five notes.
This way, a violin player performing a pop song as a one man band could program the 12 Step keys to play the chords she needs.
A bass player in a power trio could program the 12 Step to play power chords, enabling her to provide chordal accompaniment for the lead guitarist's guitar solo with her feet while she plays bass with her hands.
The first preset is a chromatic scale starting in C. But even users who only want to play individual notes are not limited to that scale or arrangement.
The user could create presets for all of the different keys that they use, so that the keys of the 12 Step could be used to play in different musical keys, while maintaining the familiar C major pattern.
For example, if a performer wished to play a song in C# Major, the entire chromatic scale of the 12 Step could be transposed up a semitone.
Thus, by playing the song using the keys (the buttons on the 12 Step) for C Major, the synthesizer would produce a sound transposed to C# Major.
Each key has a little red LED light that illuminates when the key is pressed, which helps the performer confirm which note they have pressed.
The 12 Step has 59 factory presets, such as a chromatic scale, major chords, minor chords, sus chords power chords, diatonic chords (in the key of C major, this would be the chords C major, d minor, e minor, F Major, G7 and so on), to name a few.
The user can program and save up to 128 presets, and give them names that will appear on the display panel.
Using this feature, a user could program the 12 Step to send a program change message to their synthesizer module, selecting a certain synth patch or sound when a certain preset is chosen.
The user needs to download the free 12 Step Editor program to do programming of new presets or make changes to the unit's settings (such as the touch sensitivity of the keys), using a laptop, desktop or tablet computer.
The 12 Step gets its power from the USB bus from the computer it is plugged into or from the Expander unit's port (the Expander is powered by a wall adapter).
Batt states that he found pressing the small keys hard while wearing shoes, but he acknowledged that there are Hammond organists who have made videos of themselves playing organ bass on the 12 Step.
The mountain rises in the karstic complex of the Marguareis, on the water divide between the valleys of Ellero and Tanaro.
The north face of the Cima delle Saline consists in almost vertical cliffs, while its southern side is a long and gentler slope, rich in sinkholes.
The mountain is also accessible in winter by ski mountaineers, but early sping is considered the best period for this ascent.
Borys Piotr Budka (born 11 March 1978 in Czeladź) – Polish politician, member of Sejm of the 7th, 8th and 9th legislature, Minister of Justice in 2015, vice-president of the Civic Platform political party in the 2016–2020 period, president of the parliamentary political group of Civic Coalition since 2019, president of the Civic Platform since 2020.
Some have explained them as belonging to people with different status belonging to the same culture, while others have explained them as belonging chronologically separate cultures belonging to different populations.
Its burials in shaft-graves, lined with stone or timber, and surrounded by enclosures, and the presence of offering-places associated with the heads and legs of horses, are strikingly similar to the graves of cultures located further west on the Eurasian Steppe.
The physical type of the Qäwrighul people is similar to that of people of the earlier Afanasievo culture, and people of the contemporary Andronovo culture.
Senjka Danhieux (born 28 April 1984 in Jette), better known under his stage name RoxorLoops, is a Belgian beatboxer and songwriter.
The group went on to win the competition and got to represent Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 held in Düsseldorf, Germany.
Dom Denis Chavis (as he was known in French) or Dīyūnisūs Shāwīsh (as he called himself in his native language, ) was a Syrian priest and monk who flourished in the 1780s.
While in Paris, Chavis was short of money, and sought to capitalise on a revival of interest in Oriental literature that was going on in the 1880s.
Galland had based his French text on the three-volume and infamously incomplete Galland Manuscript, which he had supplemented with extra stories from sources both written and oral.
Chavis set about producing a manuscript which he intended to present as a copy of a more complete Galland Manuscript than really existed—one that would provide Arabic-language 'sources' for tales whose only written form was Galland's French.
He began copying the Galland Manuscript, and as he did so, he adapted his exemplar, adding in some contemporary Syrianisms and more vulgar language for dramatic effect.
Having copied most of the real Galland Manuscript, Chavis proceeded to produce a further manuscript, purportedly a copy of newly identified fourth and fifth volumes of the Galland Manuscript (now Bibliothèque Nationale, MSS arabes 3616).
Chavis then proceeded to include some other tales translated from Galland's French into Arabic, and some which he copied from a manuscript of stories in Arabic that he seems to have brought with him from Syria.
Surviving correspondence suggests an awkward collaboration, in which Chavis promised to deliver material and sought money but did not entirely satisfy Cazotte and Barde.
Andre Putra Wibowo (born on September 17, 1996) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a defender for Persis Solo in the Liga 2.
Love Is Blind is an upcoming dating reality television series, produced by Kinetic Content which will premiere on Netflix on February 13, 2020 as part of a three-week event.
The series follows several men and women who will eventually find love; however, throughout the process, they will never see their partners.
With the trailer, it was announced that the series will be released on a three-week schedule, with the first five episodes being released on February 13, 2020, the next four being released on February 20, and the finale being released on February 27.
Mount Sicapoo (sā-kā-pöö', derived from 'Suko Na Po', meaning 'I Give Up') is a mountain in the Cordillera Central of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, northern Philippines.
It lies to the south of Mount Kilang, to the southeast of Laoag and to the east of the Padsan River.
Ascents of the mountain begin at the Gasgas River in nearby Solsona and initially lead to the campsite at Saulay, before moving to Bubuos and Pakpako campsites.
Due to its steep cliffs in places, particularly approaching the summit, it is considered highly treacherous and exceptionally difficult to climb.
In October 2016, when Typhoon Haima broke out, the mountain played a role in diminishing its power as it headed towards China, though it remained a Category 1 Typhoon.
It was inaugurated on 28 April 1990 as part of the first section of the line between Villa El Salvador and Atocongo.
However, commercial service only started on 18 January 2003, was suspended in July 2003 due to the lack of funds, and resumed only on Saturdays and Sundays on 17 January 2004.
The Canon EOS-1D X Mark III is the company's 20-megapixel full-frame DSLR flagship camera, announced on January 6, 2020, by Canon.
Novacyt Group is an Anglo-French biotechnology group focused on clinical diagnostics, with offices in Camberley, Surrey, United Kingdom and Vélizy-Villacoublay, France.
In January 2020 the company announced that its molecular diagnostics division, Primerdesign, had launched a molecular test for the 2019 strain of Novel coronavirus (nCoV).
The Ōtoriiyama ruins are located approximately two kilometers northeast of Yokote city hall, on the east side of the confluence of the Yokote River and its tributary, the Yoshizawa River.
The site was discovered when Yokote City planned the development of a general sports park in the area, and excavations were conducted over a seven-year period from 1977 to 1983.
The ruins consist of the traces of a castle with a huge double moat and an earthen rampart, which was constructed from the second half of the 10th century to the second half of the 11th century.
The ruins extend for 680 meters north–south by 200 meters east–west, with earthen walls and moats in the three directions that do not face the river.
The earthen wall is 10 meters wide, 2 meters high, and the wet moat is 8 meters wide and about 3.5 meters deep.
Within the moats and earthen ramparts was a fence line, and along the fence was the foundations of a building which probably functioned as a guardhouse.
The size of the castle and the strength of its fortifications were exceptional for the period, and are more typical of a Sengoku period fortification.
Artifacts associated with the Kiyowara clan were found in this area, including a small earthenware bowl which may have been used at banquets.
The outline of the castle is similar to the later Yanagi-no-Gosho fortification in Hiraizumi and may have served as the inspiration for its design.
At present, the ruins have been back-filled and the sports complex has been developed as originally planned, with the remainder of the site becoming residential land.
St Mary's Cathedral, Port Elizabeth is a religious building that is affiliated with the Anglican Church of South Africa and is located at St Mary's Terrace, Central in the city of Port Elizabeth in Eastern Cape province, South Africa.
Cook Glacier or the Cook Ice Cap is a large ice cap in the Kerguelen Islands in the French Southern Territories zone of the far Southern Indian Ocean.
The Columbian Magazine (also known as the Columbian Magazine or Monthly Miscellany) was a monthly American literary magazine established by Mathew Carey and published in Philadelphia from 1786 to 1792.
As a commercial and corporate photographer, Indermaur has worked with IBM, J. C. Penney, General Motors, Land Rover, the Rhode Island School of Design, Sprint, Ryder, Pratt & Whitney, and Black & Decker.
The 1986–87 season was Manchester City's 85th season of competitive football and 65th season in the top division of English football .
The Butana Group was a prehistoric, neolithic culture in the eastern part of modern Sudan, that flourished from the fourth to the early third millennium BC.
The main economical base was most likely animal breeding, but there is also evidence for domesticated forms of wheat and barley, attesting agriculture.
For further promotion, it was performed by the singer on various occasions among others in Albania, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia and Ukraine.
Lasting four minutes and seven seconds, the song is a ballad which musically incorporates ethnic beats, oriental elements and violins in its instrumentation.
On 15 December 2017, she was invited to perform the song in the grand final on the Romanian television talent show Voice of Romania.
The 18th edition of Kënga Magjike took place in the Palace of Congresses, Tirana and consisted of two semi-finals on 7 December and 8 December 2016, and the grand final on 10 December 2016.
Arilena Ara, one of the contestants selected to compete in the competition, performed the song for the first time on 14 November 2016 as well as on 10 December 2016 after qualifying for the grand final.
The song reached the third place in a field of twenty-one in the grand final onf 10 December 2016 and won the nomination for the Best Ballad.
In 2019 she represented Spain at the 2019 European Games and she won the gold medal in the women's individual kata event.
The Ellero then follows its course through the plain turning NE, crosses Villanova Mondovì (where it gets from right hand the Maudagna, its main tributary) and then after Mondovì, with some meanders, reaches Bastia Mondovì where it joins the river Tanaro.
The dating of the manuscript has been the subject of significant debate, which has revolved, unusually, around what types of coins are mentioned in the text and what real-life coin-issues they refer to.
Muhsin Mahdi, the manuscript's modern editor, thought that it was fourteenth-century, while Heinz Grotzfeld dated it to the second half of the fifteenth.
A direct copy of the Galland Manuscript from 1592/1593 CE is preserved in the Vatican Library as the second part of the two-volume Cod.
Michael Harding (born October 18, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for EFL League Two side Northampton Town.
Harding made his first-team debut for Northampton Town on 3 December 2019, coming on as a 69th-minute substitute in a 2–1 defeat at Portsmouth in the EFL Trophy.
The Dakota County Tribune is an American, English language weekly newspaper headquartered in Apple Valley, Minnesota and serves the Apple Vallley, Farmington, and Rosemount communities in Dakota County, Minnesota.
Megantick () was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, in the Eastern Townships.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
Kala Keerthi Madurawela Arachchilage Christy Leonard Perera (born 27 July 1932 – died 23 December 2015 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Christy Leonard Perera, was an actor in Sri Lankan cinema as well as a musician and comedian.
The 2020 Asian Youth Beach Handball Championship was the 2nd edition of the Asian Youth Beach Handball Championship held from 1 to 10 April 2020 at Bangkok, Thailand under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation.
It also acts as the qualification tournament for the 2021 Youth Beach Handball World Championship and the 2022 Summer Youth Olympics.
A team had to play match with all the other teams in their group and top two teams from each group will qualify for semi-finals.
His aristocratic background, despite being marked by illegitimacy, would be decisive for his career, which began with the completion of a solid program of theological studies, which started in Lisbon and continued in Valladolid and Paris, following the which he related to important figures of European humanism, with emphasis on Erasmus, to whom he was introduced in 1520.
In 1522 Martinho returns to Portugal, and through his family links is given an canonical stipend the chancellorship of the Cathedral of Évora, which was at the time led by his father.
In 1523, he governed the diocese of Viseu in the name of Afonso de Portugal, until the arrival of its Bishop João de Chaves.
In Martinho was sent back to the pontifical court in 1532, this time in charge of opening negotiations with the aim of achieving the establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal.
On February 10, 1533, while in Rome, Martinho is appointed as archbishop of Funchal, following the concession of the category of metropolitan to the ecclesiastical province of Funchal, obtained from Clement VII on January 31 of the same year.
Nevertheless, the bulls that would make the elevation of Martinho were not issued, which may have been due, on one hand, to his condition as an illegitimate son and, on the other, to some unavailability of King João III in honouring the financial charges that he was obliged to when nominating Martinho for the position.
At that time, in order to elevate the ecclesiastical circumscription of Funchal to a metropolis, the king had committed himself to increase the archbishop's income by 200,000 réis, that is, to double the remuneration previously attributed to the Bishop of Funchal, therefore, generating new expenses for the Crown.
Martinho would later complain about the omission of such bulls in 1535, and because of it, the actual existence of the archdiocese of Funchal was questioned.
The circumstances underlying the monarch's will to allow the appointment as Archbishop would be linked to the desire to reward services previously provided by Martinho, and to favour his predisposition to act in the strict defence of the royal interests regarding the establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal.
Nevertheless, Martinho's action in Rome was apparently more oriented towards the search for a legitimation of his birth that in turn would allow his promotion to Cardinal, than centred on the mission that the monarch had entrusted to him.
The creation of Martinho as Archbishop of Funchal was also rooted on the need to find a structure that, without disturbing the position of any of the other two national metropolitans, that of Braga and the Lisbon, would authorize the establishment of several overseas dioceses and promote ecclesiastical decentralization in the new territories of the empire.
Later, in 1547, he was elected bishop of the Algarve, but he was not confirmed, because he died before taking office.
Despite never having personally visited the Madeira, the seat of his archdiocese, Martinho de Portugal did not neglect the responsibilities that his position entailed.
As archbishop he ordered the creation of two new canonries, four new chaplaincies and one sacristan, with the aiming of improving the living conditions of the islanders and local clergy.
Shortly after arriving to Madeira, D. Ambrósio neglected the tasks that were assigned to him, performing ordinations all over the Island in the second half of the year and, having finished his duties, he returned to mainland Portugal.
The same did not happen with the visitors, who remained until the following year, also visiting the parishes and taking steps to correct the non-conformities they encountered.
During the time of their stay, the visitors appointed by Martinho de Portugal reported the following non-conformities and threatened those who practised them with excomunication: speaking during masses, singing, dancing and sleeping in church.
As for the Madeiran clergy the visitors appointed by Martinho were expected to persevere in teaching doctrine to the faithful, to be vigilant in relation to unmarried couples and to those who married illegally, to ring the bell three times a day, to be concerned with cleaning the altars and vestments.
In an effort to promote the status of his archdiocese, Martinho de Portugal sent to Funchal religious relics to be stored in the cathedral's altar.
With him the Archdiocese of Funchal disappeared, which, as early as 1539, had been amputated from its jurisdiction over the East, whose lands, from the Cape of Good Hope, came to be under the direct control of the Diocese of Goa.
The Eight Mountains of Kowloon () are eight prominent mountains in Hong Kong that serve as a natural border between the Kowloon area and the New Territories.
The eight mountains are: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan, Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill and Crow's Nest.
In Ancient China, the Emperor used to be revered like a dragon and was the only person who could wear robes depicting a dragon.
It incorporated a three-cylinder radial engine mounted in a hinged cage, which was tilted by the driver to engage and vary the ratio of the friction drive to the rear wheels.
Uniquely, the friction drive consisted of a convex steel flywheel and a concave 'clutch plate' that was faced by wound strips of paper or sometimes leather.
It was powered by 3 cylinder radial engine of 736cc capacity, which was enlarged to 895cc in 1928, its final year.
The 1988 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Middlebury College Snow Bowl in Hancock, Vermont as part of the 35th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Two-time defending champions Utah, coached by Pat Miller, claimed their sixth team national championship, 37 points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
The 2020 Snooker Shoot Out (also known as the 2020 BetVictor Snooker Shoot Out due to sponsorship) is an upcoming professional snooker tournament taking place from 20–23 February 2020 at the Watford Colosseum in Watford, England.
The shoot out is played under a variation of the standard rules of snooker, with shots being timed, and matches played as a best-of a single lasting a maximum of 10 minutes.
It will be the tenth edition of the Snooker Shoot Out, first being held for a single season in 1990, and annually since 2011.
The defending champion is Thailand's Thepchaiya Un-Nooh, who won the 2019 Snooker Shoot Out, defeating England's Michael Holt in the final 74–0.
The 2020 Snooker Out is a professional snooker tournament held at the Watford Colosseum in Watford, England between 20 and 23 February 2020.
This is the tenth edition of the Snooker Shoot Out tournament, the first having been held in 1990 as the 1990 Shoot-Out.
It is the twelfth ranking event of the 2019–20 snooker season following the World Grand Prix and preceding the Players Championship.
Alexander Petrie (14 February 1853 – 4 February 1909) was a Scotland international rugby union player who represented Scotland from 1873 to 1880.
The 2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade is an upcoming military parade that will take place on Moscow's Red Square on 9 May 2020 to commemorate the 75th Diamond Jubilee of the capitulation of Nazi Germany in the Second World War in 1945.
The parade will mark the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War on the very day on the signing of the German act of unconditional surrender to the victorious Allies in Berlin, on the very midnight of May 9, 1945 (Russian time).
This historic parade dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Soviet and larger Allied victory in the Eastern Front of the Second World War against Nazi Germany and her allies will be held on a special scale, bigger than ever other parade before it.
President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin will deliver his seventeenth holiday address to the nation after the parade inspection presided over by Minister of Defense General of the Army Sergey Shoygu, accompanied by the parade commander Colonel General Oleg Salyukov, Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, who will be in the parade for the seventh consecutive year.
In addition to troops from the Russian Armed Forces, contingents from 20 foreign countries will also be on parade, groups from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), as well as contingents from China, India, Serbia, France, the United Kingdom, United States, Poland and Mongolia, returning after a 5 to 10-year hiatus.
Every year, for several days of Victory Day celebrations, a dress rehearsal of the Parade is held in the Armed Forces' Alabino Training Range in Moscow Oblast, which exactly repeats the holiday program itself.
On this day, huge columns of military personnel, cadets and representatives of law enforcement agencies, legendary military equipment take to the streets, and dozens of modern planes and helicopters appear in the skies above the federal capital.
The first official invitations came during the 2019 G20 Osaka summit, with invitations going to US President Donald Trump, French president Emmanuel Macron, German chancellor Angela Merkel and Chinese leader Xi Jinping.
In December 2019, an official invitation was sent to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey by the Russian Embassy in Ankara.
Others who have confirmed their attendance are Austrian President Alexander Van der Bellen, Czech President Milos Zeman, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and multiple heads of state from the CIS and the CSTO.
In January 2020, former Polish President Lech Walesa expressed a willingness to come to Moscow for the parade if he received an invitation.
In March 2020 the days of full parade rehearal and practice run throughs at the training center at Alabino, Moscow Oblast will commence the national preparations for the diamond jubilee celebrations, with the ground and mobile columns first to take their practice rounds in front of the national and international press representatives.
As per tradition, 27 other Russian major cities (Sevastopol and Kerch in the disputed Crimea included) are expected to hold commemorative parades on that day (some of them including flypasts and fleet reviews expected in Kaliningrad, Saint Petersburg, Sevastopol, Murmansk, Vladivostok and Astrakhan), and joint civil-military parades are planned to be hosted by 50 other towns and cities nationwide.
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic plans to celebrate the day with a parade and other activities in Stepanakert on 9 May, also celebrating the 28th anniversary of the Capture of Shusha during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
In addition, the Serbian Armed Forces plans to celebrate that holiday in Belgrade on 9 May, honoring both the living Serbian veterans of the Yugoslav Partisans and the Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces in the Second World War and the veterans of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
He lived with his father John Handsley (fisherman) and mother Rebecca Raithby and was the middle son of three boys, elder brother Charles John Henry and younger brother Fred.
Following the death of his mother in 1883, his father continued to raise the children until Jesse joined the Navy in 1894.
It is likely that the children were educated as it was noted that most of the men on Discovery could read and write.
A hut (known as the Discovery Hut) was erected, intended as accommodation for the men but it proved to be too cold so the ship became their living quarters and base camp.
The relief ship SY Morning arrived with supplies and several of Discovery's crew returned to England aboard the Morning, although the majority remained and the expedition was extended for another season.
In late 1903 the Morning returned with the Terra Nova (ship) with explicit orders to bring back all the expedition members if the Discovery could not be freed.
Scott and his crew did not relish the prospect of abandoning Discovery, their home for the last three years and set about releasing her with renewed efforts Discovery finally broke free and the three ships left Antarctica together.
The voyage from Antarctica was fraught with danger but the expedition finally reached London and the crew were welcomed as heroes.
The ship was saved from the breakers yard in 1979 and restored and is now the centrepiece of Dundee's visitor attraction at Discovery Point, Dundee.
The other tragedy of the expedition occurred in Antarctica when George Vince slid to his death over a precipice into the water whilst wearing fur boots which were the wrong type of footwear for the conditions.
22 Nov party split and Jesse, who was used to working at sea level, had been suffering at the high altitude with his chest.
Scott praised Jesse for his determination to carry on but and it was decided that he and two others would return to Discovery whilst Scott, Evans and Lashly would continue on, returning to Discovery on Christmas Eve.
31 Dec 1903 - Jesse was now recovered and joined the sawing camp which was set up to saw through the great ice-sheet which intervened between the Discovery and the sea.
Scott decided that they should prepare for another winter and Jesse with three others set about raids on the penguins to ensure a winter food stock.
Jesse’s conduct was assessed each year, mostly as good, but he served at least two sessions of cell punishment during his 23 years service.
His service record does show that his conduct was assessed as very good towards the end of his tragically short life.
Emily died in 1919, Herbert never married and spent his later life in an Chalfont Epilepsy Colony until his death in 1963.
Mount Handsley, named in 1969 by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in recognition of his efforts on a major sledging journey with Scott, Evans, Feather Skelton and Lashly Evans up the Ferrar and Taylor Glaciers in 1903.
Established in 1926 on the Kikhchik River, a fish canning factory was built by the Soviets here and it attained town status in 1940.
Kikhchik had a secondary school, two elementary schools, a hospital, a club, a nursery, a kindergarten, three libraries, a canteen, a bakery, a bathhouse, 6 shops and 3 stalls, and an agricultural farm.
Durand of Gloucester (d. circa 1096) was Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1086 and was one of the tenants-in-chief of King William the Conqueror in Gloucestershire and elsewhere, with a total of 63 holding listed in the Domesday Book of 1086.
Both Durand and his brother Roger de Pitres were buried in Gloucester Abbey (St. Peter's Abbey) in Gloucester (since 1541 Gloucester Cathedral).
She played on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and Ladies European Tour, as well as on the ALPG Tour in her home country.
In 1997 she joind the LPGA Tour, where career highligts include finishing runner-up at the 2003 Chick-fil-A Charity Championship after a playoff with Se Ri Pak, and finishing third at the 2002 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship behind Juli Inkster and Annika Sörenstam.
After her inaugural win at Costa Azul Ladies Open she beat Becky Brewerton into second place at the Wales WPGA Championship of Europe by holing a 74-foot birdie putt on the final green and beat Gwladys Nocera in a playoff to win Thailand Ladies Open.
In it, Heuser examines the history of the question of whether Britain and other European countries should prioritize their sovereignty as nation-states or whether they should pursue some kind of European confederation or union.
The course of the river crosses the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, as well as the township municipality unis de Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, located in the MRC La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality.
The course of the river flows entirely in a forest zone in the Jacques-Cartier National Park which is affiliated with the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq).
The surface of the Cachée River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood occurs in March or April.
The Cachée river draws its source from Lac Caché (length: ; altitude: ), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve (at the eastern limit of Jacques-Cartier National Park), in the MRC of La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
This head lake is located between two mountains, on the southern slope of the watershed with the hydrographic slope of the Montmorency River.
The Cachée river flows on the east bank of the Jacques-Cartier River, south of the Montagne de l'Épaule and opposite the Montagne de la Cachée.
Facing this confluence, the hamlet Rivière-Cachée is located on the south bank of the Cachée river and on the east side of the Jacques-Cartier river.
From this confluence, the current descends the Jacques-Cartier River for generally south to the northeast bank of the St. Lawrence River.
Elections will be held for Clerk of the Circuit Court, State's Attorney, Board of Review Commissioner, Water Reclamation District Board, and 13 seats in the Circuit Court of Cook County.
Timothy P. Lillicrap is a Canadian neuroscientist and AI researcher, adjunct professor at University College London, and staff research scientist at Google DeepMind, where he has been involved in the AlphaGo and AlphaZero projects mastering the games of Go, Chess and Shogi.
His research focuses on machine learning and statistics for optimal control and decision making, as well as using these mathematical frameworks to understand how the brain learns.
He has developed algorithms and approaches for exploiting deep neural networks in the context of reinforcement learning, and new recurrent memory architectures for one-shot learning.
His numerous contributions to the field have earned him a number of honors, including the Governor General's Academic Medal, an NSERC Fellowship, the Centre for Neuroscience Studies Award for Excellence, and numerous European Research Council grants.
in cognitive science and artificial intelligence from University of Toronto in 2005, and a Ph.D. in systems neuroscience from Queen's University in 2012 under Stephen H. Scott.
He then went on to do become a postdoctoral research fellow at Oxford University, and joined Google DeepMind as a research scientist in 2014.
Following a series of promotions, he eventually became a DeepMind staff research scientist in 2016, a position he holds to this day.
Desmond Gareth Julian (24 April 1926 – 26 December 2019) was a British cardiologist who pioneered the creation of coronary care units.
He was professor of cardiology at Newcastle University (1975–86), medical director of the British Heart Foundation (1986–93) and president of the British Cardiovascular Society (1985–87).
Missiskoui was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, in the Eastern Townships.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
In 2008 she was a technical adviser on Indigenous Knowledge Systems to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Arts, Culture, Science and Technology when she became a Professor as the South African Research Chair in Development Education.
Odora Hoppers was awarded an honorary doctorate from Örebro University in Philosophy in 2008 and another from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in South Africa in 2012.
The following year she received The President's Award (2013) from Uganda's President on the 50th Anniversary of Uganda's Declaration of Independence.
The 2020 J2 League, also known as the for sponsorship reasons, will be the 28th season of J2 League, the top Japanese professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1993.
Kashiwa Reysol are the defending champions and promoting to 2020 J1 League while Giravanz Kitakyushu and Thespakusatsu Gunma entering the league as promoted team from 2019 J3 League replacing Kagoshima United and FC Gifu who were relegated to 2020 J3 League.
Julia Reynolds-Moreton, Countess of Ducie (7 October 1829 – 3 February 1895), formerly Julia Langston, was an English noblewoman, the wife of Henry Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of Ducie.
She was the daughter of James Langston, MP, of Chipping Norton, by his wife, the former Lady Julia Moreton; the latter was the daughter of Thomas Reynolds-Moreton, 1st Earl of Ducie, and her daughter was thus the first cousin of the future earl, whom she married on 24 May 1849.
In 1872, a court case arose from the countess's inheritance, when another trustee took the earl to the Court of Chancery, contesting the countess's rights following her mother's death; the court found in her favour.
She died at Nice, France, aged 68, and is buried at St Leonard's Church, Tortworth, where her memorial, in the form of a canopied seat, can still be seen.
After the death of the countess, the Earl of Ducie remained a widower until his death at the age of 94, when his titles passed to his younger brother, Berkeley Moreton, 4th Earl of Ducie.
All Saints Cathedral is a religious building that is affiliated with the Anglican Church of South Africa and is located at Fiddes Street in the city of Mbabane the capital and largest city in Eswatini.
There is a legend that a merchant from Ryukyu named Tamagusuku fell in love with Koujin, daughter of the Lord of Kubaka Castle, and the two had a son.
He told her that he was an important trader, then grabbed the boy and took him to Okinawa where he would grow up to be a Lord himself.
The Cornwall BirdWatching and Preservation Society is a conservation body dedicated to the preservation and enjoyment of birds in the county of Cornwall, UK.
The society is involved in the management of 6 reserves, and provides news if bird sightings in Cornwall through its website.
The proposal was accepted and officers elected, and the irst Executive Committee Meeting was held on 6th February and the first General Meeting on 28 March that year.
The Mamas are a Swedish-American soul and gospel group, consisting of Ashley Haynes (born 19 January 1987 in Washington D.C.), Loulou Lamotte (born 16 April 1981 in Malmö) and Dinah Yonas Manna (born 5 September 1981 in Stockholm).
Lundvik and The Mamas went on to win the competition and got to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 held in Tel Aviv, Israel.
They performed in the first heat on 1 February 2020 in Linköping and qualified directly for the final that will take place on 7 March 2020 in the Friends Arena in Stockholm.
Michael Francis Crotty (born 26 March 1970) is an Irish prelate of the Catholic Church who was appointed a titular archbishop and Apostolic Nuncio to Burkina Faso in 2020.
He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 July 2001 and then worked in the diplomatic missions in Kenya, Canada, Iraq Jordan, and Spain, and in the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State.
The Whisper was launched in 1983, and the sole model crashed at the unveiling when the car rolled away during the photoshoot and hit a barrier.
The Whisper was a compact four-seater city car (two adults and two children), with a claimed range of 62 miles and a top speed of 50 mph.
The American premiere of the play opened at the Shadowland Stages, in Ellenville, New York from 10 August to 9 September 2018.
Crispin Huergas Jr (December 22, 1957 - January 6, 2020) was the cofounder, with Freeman Thomas, of the R Gruppe, an early 911 Porsche sports club.
Cris was instrumental in bringing together a close-knit group of friends and early Porsche enthusiasts who would gather monthly at Easy in Emeryville, California and yearly at the club's infamous Treffen gatherings along the West Coast.
In Near Eastern mythology, Monimos (Mun'im) is the Syrian god of the evening star (Hesperos), the counterpart of Azizos, the morning star.
Luna (also titled Luna's Revenge and Runaway) is a 2017 German thriller film, directed by Khaled Kaissar, and starring Lisa Vicari, Carlo Ljubek, and Branko Tomović.
She is forced to confront the fact that her whole life has been a lie: her father (Jakob Sadler) was a Russian agent living in Germany for 20 years, while her family was just the cover.
Lisa Vicari performed her own stunts, including hanging on a rope at a height of 60 to 70 meters above a gorge.
The 84th Infantry Division was raised as part of the 25th deployment wave, along with the 77th, 85th, 89th, 91st and 92nd Infantry Divisions.
The deployment of the 25th wave had been ordered on 9 January 1944 and was to use manpower of the Ersatzheer.
The 84th was sent to France to serve under 15th Army of Army Group D, along with the 77th and 85th, whereas the 89th went to Norway, the 91st to Baumholder and the 92nd to Tuscany.
The 84th Infantry Division, under 15th Army and Army Group B between May and July, was used as part of the German defense against the Allied Operation Overlord, which began on 6 June 1944, beginning on 29 July.
This second iteration of the division was again destroyed by forces of the Western Allies at the Wesel bridgehead (Operation Varsity) and was intended to be subsequently redeployed once again in the Lüneburg Heath, but this third iteration of the division did not come to pass due to the end of the European war in May 1945.
In 2015 she won the gold medal in the women's 50 kg kumite event at the 2015 European Karate Championships held in Istanbul, Turkey.
He was an infamous recovery agent and rowdy, and the police opened up a history sheet for him and his brother Parashurama when he was 23 and his brother 26.
In 2013, Anand Singh spotted Ganesh's political talent and introduced him to mining baron Janardhan Reddy, a big person in Ballari.
When BJP did Operation Kamala, they approached Ganesh and another MLA Bheema Naik to switch parties to BJP, and they were both about to do so.
At the resort Ganesh and Singh got into a drunken brawl, where Ganesh assaulted Singh with a Flower Pot and other objects, while other MLAs with them tried to stop the assault.
Three days later he wrote a Facebook post claiming Singh had insulted him and said poor people like Ganesh should not be in the same room as him.
Emmitt Mack Williams V (born September 15, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
As a freshman, Williams played for Lehigh Senior High School in Lehigh Acres, Florida, before transferring to IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida for his sophomore season.
At IMG Academy, he was teammates with highly-touted recruits Trevon Duval and Silvio De Sousa and played for one of the best teams in the country.
Williams averaged 17.6 points, 12.4 rebounds and 1.7 blocks per game, leading his team to the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) Class 9A state championship.
On April 8, 2018, he recorded 44 points, seven rebounds and three steals at the Jordan Brand Classic and was named most valuable player (MVP) of the game.
As a freshman, Williams averaged 7.0 points and 5.4 rebounds per game, making eight starts on a team that reached the Sweet 16.
On November 24, 2019, Williams scored a career-high 27 points and collected nine rebounds in a 96-83 win against Rhode Island.
Williams' best friend and high school teammate, Stef'an Strawder, was shot and killed in Fort Myers, Florida on July 25, 2016.
He is a radio and TV personality well known in his homeland Okinawa as knowledgeable scholar, teacher and skilled practitioner of the endangered Okinawan languages.
Fija was born to an Okinawan mother and an American father who was likely a U.S. soldier, but was left with an uncle and aunt soon after birth.
At the age of 22, he went to the United States and found it equally irritating that it was assumed that he could speak English because of his appearance.
When he returned to Okinawa at age 24 he encountered the traditional Okinawan folk songs sung in Okinawan language and realized that he identified as Okinawan and wanted to learn the language of the songs.
Fija is an outspoken advocate for more native language practice in daily life and encourages people in Okinawa to learn the language.
As one of the few fluent speakers of the language he is the go-to-person for domestic and international media and regularly attends national and international events on the matter of endangered languages or Okinawan languages.
A video featuring Fija singing traditional Okinawan folk songs in Okinawan language is included in a collection at the Ethnological Museum Berlin compiled by the Okinawan artist Yuken Teruya as part of a new collection telling Okinawan history until today.
The 1990–91 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1990–91 NCAA men's college basketball season.
The Buckeyes finished with an overall record of 27–4, and earned their first Big Ten championship in 20 years with a 15–3 conference record.
Gabriel Luiz Sandes Gomes (born 22 January 2000), commonly known as Canela or Gabriel Canela, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Zulte Waregem, on loan from Nova Iguaçu.
Near its summit, there is a Chinese pavilion where aviation enthusiasts often gather to take photos of aircraft landings and take-offs.
The west exit of the tunnel is near the Ngong Ping 360 Airport Island Angle Station and the fuel storage centre.
The entrance can be found just below The Ngong Ping 360 Airport Island Angle Station on Chek Lap Kok South Road.
Econyl is an Italian company, and their product, a clothing fibre made from waste industrial plastic, waste fabric and discarded fishing nets.
It is known from a single species, Dynamosuchus collisensis, which is based on a partial skeleton from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil.
One day during his first semester, his popular classmate Marine Kitagawa saw him making doll costumes in the school's clothing room.
Marine, who had wanted to cosplay for a while and having observed Wakana's skill in sewing, asked him to create a costume of a character from a video game that she adores.
However, Wakana had never made costumes on a human scale, and being driven by the strong emotions of Marine, he accepts her request...
The manga was ranked 3rd in Honya Club's Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2020, a survey that collected results from 1,100 professional bookstore employees in Japan.
The minister of social security and health care even proposed to name the bill after Berger but he refused as he feared this would alienate its Christian supporters.
On 20 March 1959 Berger returned to the lower house, he also was a member of the party leadership in this period.
On 11 May 1971 he became a member of the lower house for the third and final time, this time for DS’70, permanently leaving on 1 April 1975.
Jean Marco Toualy Dié (born 26 February 1999) is an Ivorian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Spanish side Almería B.
François Roussel (c.1510 – after 1577), also known as Francesco Rosselli (the Italian version of his name), was a French Renaissance composer of both sacred and secular music.
Little is known about Roussel's life in France, apart from his having been a protégé of Guillaume de Gadagne in Lyons sometime before 1568.
Records show that he was employed as a musician by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1544 and was listed again as a member of his household in 1563.
Like the other divisions of the 25th wave, the 89th Infantry Division originally contained only two (instead of the standard three) infantry regiments.
The manpower of the 89th Infantry Division was raised from the remainders of Grenadier Regiment 1023 as well as the third battalion of Grenadier Regiment 1032, both parts of the Ersatzheer.
The division joined 5th Panzer Army in February 1945 and was again destroyed by Allied forces in the Eifel mountain range.
A third deployment of the division was ordered by the high command of 19th Army on 8 April 1945 by merging of Brigade 1005 and Baur Brigade, but this new 89th Infantry Division was not realized due to the end of the war on 8 May 1945.
This event is dated to 1699 BC; however, dates in the ancient annals prior to c. AD 500 are not considered factual.
However, the prominence given to Rath Oinn in the accounts shows that it must have been an important centre in the distant, poorly-remembered past.
At the time of the Norman invasion, Rathdown was the stronghold of the Uí Dúnchada, at that time led by Donal Mac Gilla Mo-Cholmóc, king of Cuala.
The Norman owner of the lands, John Fitzdermot, did not retake Rathdown Castle, in c. 1305 conveying the manor of Rathdown to Nigel le Brun, Escheator of Ireland, and the castle was rebuilt in 1308.
Associated with the castle was a village of several hundred people with a mill and a church (St. Crispin's Cell; the current building dates to 1530).
Rathdown Castle and village survived to the early 1600s, being the subject of occasional raids by Gaelic tribes, such as the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles of the Wicklow Mountains region.
It gives its name to the baronies of Rathdown (County Dublin) and Rathdown (County Wicklow), and to the modern county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.
In 1771, 20 acres were acquired by Captain Charles Tarrant who built Captain Tarrant's Farmhouse; he was involved in the construction of the Grand Canal and the Wide Streets Commission.
He used stone from the castle ruins to build his house, and more of the stone was used for a railway bridge.
He played for Villeneuve-sur-Lot and also represented France during the 1968 Rugby League World Cup, where he played also in the final lost against Australia.
Chanel Branch (born February 6, 1980) is an American politician who represents the 45th legislative district in the Maryland House of Delegates.
Corey Holland (born January 1, 1970) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 51st district from 2008 to 2012.
The facility was established, following a donation by Miss Margaret Montgomery Paterson, a Country Branch of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children.
It was extended in 1921 and 1930 and, after joining the National Health Service in 1948, a new 120‑bed geriatric unit was added to it in 1968.
The original building housing the children's unit was demolished in the 1980s and the hospital subsequently focused entirely on geriatric work.
Wiley graduated from the University of Michigan twice, once from the Literary Department in 1902 and once from the Law Department in 1904.
On November 3, 1914, Wiley was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Chippewa County district from January 6, 1915 to 1920.
Jukuja Dolly Snell (born c. 1933 - 30 December 2015) was an artist from Western Australia, who won the 2015 Telstra National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award.
A painting by Ngarralja Tommy May shows Lawalawa in death, left at a waterhole called Jitirr by his family as he was too weak to travel further.
After the death of her father, she and her mother moved around the region, visiting places which included Balgo, Warnku, Louisa Downs Station, Bohemia Downs Station and Christmas Creek Station.
Dorothy went on to have eight children, who Dolly helped look after; these grandchildren referred to Dolly as the 'Kurtal Queen'.
Her influence was felt as she became known as one of the artists that shaped the surge in interest in Aboriginal art in the 1990s.
In 1993, her work was part of 'Images of Power: Aboriginal Art of the Kimberley' at the National Gallery of Victoria.
In 1994, her works displayed in 'This is my country', a Mangkaja Arts Group exhibition held at Artspace, Claremont, part of the Festival of Perth.
In 2007, she was part of an international group show in 2009 organised by Ildiko Kovacs, entitled 'Sitting Down with Jukuja and Wakarta'.
Her first solo show was in Darwin in 2014 at the Outstation Gallery, and was called 'Kurtal: New Work by Dolly Snell'.
In it, her grandson Tom narrates the struggles of the people of the area to have their claim to their ancestral lands constituted.
Contestant known simply as Orange decides to participate in the Wall Show so that he can see his wife and father who remained on the other side of the Wall.
Contestants are forced to face off in so-called arenas where the complete various tasks and orders and try to overcome obstacles.
Orange successfully manages to overcome various obstacles but it is often at expense of other contestants whom he uses to win.
During the third Day of the Show an election is held beetween the incumbent Blue Colour and possible change represented by Red Colour.
Orange decides to help Joe and togwether they get on the lift that would take them to voting Room where they vote red but one of ther contestants jumps to the Elevator with them and the Elevator can't lift them all.
Orange is then interrogated by the Architect for his help to Joe and it seems that Orange lost chance to win the Wall Show but southern states launch bombing and all Contestants are forced to go to Bunkers but Orange is left behind.
Orange manages to survive until Architect decides to come back for him but the Crow is presumably killed during the attack.
Orange finds out that unlike previous Days, Traps in Finale are actually lethal when he gets other contestants impaled on Spikes.
He is greetd by Architect who reveals to him that Joe is alive and they are forced to race on the Peak of the Mountain during for the Final contest.
If Orange declines he gets Executed and thrown to the other side of Wall where his body is found by his Father.
The game was in development since February 2018 by a team known as Twin Petes that consisted of Petr Stoňok and Petr Melicherík.
Near its mouth the river enters a long, brackish lagoon that is separated from the sea by a sand and pebble spit.
In the first Russian maps from the beginning of the 18th century the river is named Chikcha, Chikchin, Chiuchin, Kykhchik, etc.
He noted that the chinook salmon migration into the river ended around mid-June, while chum salmon were taken in June and continued to migrate until September.
A 1987 study found that migratory arctic char in the Kikhchik River had a fecundity fork length at age five of and a life span of ten years.
As a Senator, he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1960, and one of the signatories of the constitution.
Kilapa was also placed 12th in the Lightweight (70 kg) Snatch, 11th in the Clean and Jerk and 11th Overall at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
The Medal for Combat Service is awarded for skillful, proactive, brave actions aimed at fulfilling military tasks and ensuring military combat training, as well as for services rendered while defending state borders.
Various media have highlighted her significant following on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok, where she has received attention for her posts aiming to educate young people about sexual health.
The Board was formed as a Government Department on 22 November 1972, under section 6 of the European Communities Act 1972, and was responsible under the Agriculture Ministers for the implementation of the guarantee functions of the Common Agricultural Policy.
The Board was abolished with effect from 14 November 2001 and its property, rights and liabilities transferred to the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers, the National Assembly for Wales and the Department for Agriculture and Rural Development in Northern Ireland.
Born in Nürnberg, Steinecke studied history and philosophy at the Universität des Saarlandes and the University of Bonn, where he received his doctorate in 1966 with a thesis about Hermann Broch.
From 1967 to 1973 he was a research assistant at the German Department of the University of Bonn, where he habilitated in 1973 with a thesis on Romantic theory and criticism in Germany.
Between 1966 and 2008 he was repeatedly visiting professor at various North American universities, including Dartmouth College (1978), Cornell (1981), University of Kansas, Lawrence (1984), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (1987), University of Budapest (1990), Washington University, St. Louis (1993), Graz (1994), (1998), (2003), (2007); University of Ohio, Columbus (2008).
Alyson Santos Silva (born 20 February 1996), commonly known as Alyson, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Confiança.
The project consists of a 32 m high dam with 4 penstocks of 44 m length and 7 m diameter each.
The surface power house with installed capacity of 132 MW houses 4 units of 33 MW capacity each designed to operate under the net rated head of 21.34 M and designed to generate 594.07 million units in a 90% dependable year with 95% machine availability.
Unit I & II were commissioned in the month of January 2013 and Unit III & IV in the month of February and March 2013 respectively.
The 2020 Italian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship () was held from October 28, 2019 to January 26, 2020 in two stages: the group stage (round robin) from October 28, 2019 to January 17, 2020 and the playoff stage from January 24 to 26, 2020.
Adam Hambrick is an American country singer-songwriter who has written for Dan + Shay, Justin Moore, Eli Young Band, Lindsay Ell, and several other musicians.
After Tartus subdued in 636, 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit immediately instructed by his superior, Abu 'Ubaydah to march towards Jablah and Latakia.
Then 'Ubadah ordered his mens to camp from distance, then they digging a trenches which could hid a horse rider along with the horse.
Then 'Ubadah and his army now pretended to return to Homs during daylight, while later in night 'Ubadah ordered the army to return quietly and hid themselves inside the trench.
the Byzantines were caught in surprise until they are too late to close the gate as 'Ubadah swift movement has passed them.
'Ubadah climbed the wall then shouted takbeer battlecry which followed by his soldiers with booming echoes resonancing around the fortress of Lattakia as they charging.
this act terrified the Byzantine defenders to the point they are flee in terror towards Al-Yusaiyid, leaving the city of Latakia.
then 'Ubadah accepted their surrender and allowing them to return to their homes at specific conditions, including the obligation to pay Kharaj land tax.
then 'Ubadah started to build mosques and took a stay for while in here to impose order of Caliphate to the freshly subdued population.
The 2020 Piala Sumbangsih was the 35th Piala Sumbangsih, an annual Malaysian football match played between the winners of the previous season's Malaysia Super League and Malaysia Cup.
But since both competitions are won by the same club the previous year, the match will be played against Malaysia FA Cup winner's instead.
The game was played between the Kedah FA, winners of the 2019 Malaysia FA Cup, and Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C., champions of the 2019 Malaysia Super League.
Playing for Académie Darou Salam, he was a squad member for the 2017 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations where Senegal became runners-up.
Ghana News Summary is an online Ghanaian news aggregation website that summarizes the top news items in the country It was created in 2019.
The portal was founded in 2019 to give readers/users a high level view of the current news trends from the leading news portal in the country.
The Matale Municipal Council (Sinhala: මාතලේ මහ නගර සභා mātalē maha nagara sabhāva) is the local council for city of Matale.
It is a large regional city located in the heart of island's central hills, it is the capital and largest city in Matale district.
The Municipal Council provides sewer, road management and waste management services, in case of water, electricity and telephone utility services the council liaises with the Water Supply and Drainage Board, the Ceylon Electricity Board and telephone service providers.
The rivière Noire (English: Black River) is a tributary of the rivière aux Pommes, flowing in the municipalities of Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Pont-Rouge and Neuville, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The Black River Valley is mainly served by route 365, route 367 and autoroute 40 which links the cities of Quebec and Trois-Rivières.
The surface of the Black River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood occurs in March or April.
This confluence is located northwest of the railway, northwest of autoroute 40, northeast of downtown Pont-Rouge and northwest of the north-west bank of St. Lawrence River.
From this confluence, the current descends the rivière aux Pommes for towards the southwest by winding in agricultural area, to the east bank of the Jacques-Cartier River.
From there, the current descends to the southeast over following the course of the Jacques-Cartier River to the northwest shore of the Saint-Laurent river.
Rodrigo Nascimento de Oliveira Luz (born 6 March 1995), commonly known as Rodrigo Fumaça, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Macaé.
Sayf ad-Din Khushqadam (); 1413 – 9 October 1467) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 28 June 1461 to 9 October 1467.
Fort Lauderdale Club de Fútbol, commonly known as Fort Lauderdale CF, is an American professional soccer club based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, that will play in USL League One, the third-tier of American soccer.
The club was established on February 1, 2020 and is the reserve team of Major League Soccer club Inter Miami CF.
On October 9, 2019, it was announced by Inter Miami of Major League Soccer, that they would be fielding a reserve side in USL League One in 2020.
A few months later, on February 1, 2020, the club announced the team's name as Fort Lauderdale Club de Fútbol and that they would be playing at the main team's temporary Fort Lauderdale stadium.
Mathis Carvalho (born 28 April 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for French Ligue 1 club Montpellier HSC.
Şebsefa Kadın (; 1766 – 10 November 1805) was the eighth wife of Sultan Abdul Hamid I of the Ottoman Empire.
On 20 September 1782, she gave birth to her first child, a son, Şehzade Sultan Mehmed Nusret, who died at the age of three on 23 October 1785.
Two years later on 11 October 1784, she gave birth to her second child, a daughter, Alemşah Sultan, who died at the age of one, on 10 March 1786.
Three years later on 4 February 1788, she gave birth to her third child, a daughter, Emine Sultan, who died at the age of about three on 9 March 1791.
Bey in Aydın Güzelhisar for 33,500 kuruş, and also owned agricultural land in the vicinity of Salonica, apart from a pension out of the funds of the Istanbul customs.
Şebsefa is noted for the foundation bearing her name in the Istanbul area of Zeyrek, established in 1787 according to the inscription over the entrance to the mosque.
Originally built on different levels, the foundation consists of mosque, primary school and fountain, along with the grave of the foundress.
An endowment, dated 1805, specifies that the school was also to be open to girls, a provision which has earned Şebsefa the reputation of a pioneer in Ottoman female education.
As of February 2020, Cournoyer serves on the following committees: Education (Vice Chair), Natural Resources and Environment, State Government, and Transportation.
She also serves on the Economic Development Appropriations Subcommittee, as well as the Early Childhood Iowa State Board, and the Research and Development School Advisory Council.
Built and remodelled over several centuries, it was started around 1480 for George Ogilvie, and served as a seat of the Ogilvies, who had succeeded the Abbots of Kinloss as the feuars of the district after the Scottish reformation.
Renovated by Margaret Ogilvie in 1601, the tower passed by marriage into the Oliphant family in 1707, but was neglected and gradually fell into disrepair after 1715.
It was finally abandoned in 1829, and much of the stone that made up the fabric of the building was removed for use elsewhere.
Only the northern part of the castle now remains, in the form of a two-storied tower with a garret above a vaulted ground floor.
The fireplace of what would have been the great hall is exposed on the south face of the surviving structure at the level of the first floor, alongside a substantial aumbry.
There is a segmental-arched entrance in the west wall, and a small window to the garret in the south face of the tower.
The walls, which are intact to the level of the roof, are made of rubble with ashlar detailing, and up to thick in places.
It is designated a Scheduled Monument in 1993, and is recognised as a nationally significant example of a fifteenth-century defensive residence.
Bruno Conçeicão de Oliveira (born 10 June 2001), commonly known as Bruno, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Al Jazira.
The 1984–85 season was Manchester City's 83th season of competitive football and 19th season in the second division of English football .
The 1985–86 season was Manchester City's 84th season of competitive football and 64th season in the top division of English football .
Edmund Willoughby Sara (1891 – 1961) was an English Anglican clergyman who served as Bishop Coadjutor of Jamaica from 1937 to 1940.
After a curacies in Weymouth and Gillingham, Dorset he was with the Church of England Sunday School Institute from 1920 to 1626.
Sara was Director of the London Diocesan Council for Youth from 1926 to 1828; Vicar of Walham Green from 1928 to 1932; and Canon Residentiary and Chancellor of Truro Cathedral from 1932 until his elevation to the episcopate.
He was an Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Bath and Wells from 1940 to 1943; and Rector of Ludlow from 1944 until his retirement in 1963.
Sweet Derriere (German: Die Kleine mit dem süßen Po) is a 1975 Austrian sex comedy film directed by Georg Tressler and starring Werner Ploner, Gustav Schneller and Lydia Mikulski.
Lucas Pimenta Peres Lopes (born 17 July 2000), commonly known as Lucas Pimenta or simply Pimenta, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Al Wahda.
Michelle announced the song's existence on September 2019, after sharing a snippet of the song with a clip of her in the studio playing the song.
The facility (located just off the A8 Edinburgh Road in the east end of the city) has its origins in the old Lightburn Infectious Diseases Hospital which was designed by James Thomson and completed in 1896.
A proposal from the health board to close the hospital was rejected by the Scottish Government in January 2018; a similar plan was halted in 2011.
On November 7, 1978, Dongvillo was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the 98th district from January 10, 1979 to 1980.
In 1982, Dongvillo once again ran for the Michigan Senate seat representing the 33rd district, where he won the nomination, but lost the election.
The 1983–84 season was Manchester City's 82nd season of competitive football and 18th season in the second division of English football .
On June 18, 2008, it was in the presence of the Minister of Education and Research Valérie Pécresse, the Mayor of Paris Bertrand Delanoë and the President of the Ile-de-France Regional Council Jean-Paul Huchon, that the Founding members and their sponsor Michelle Yeoh laid the foundation stone of the ICM.
The official inauguration of the building took place on September 24, 2010 in the presence of the Minister of Health Roselyne Bachelot.
This research center, whose modern and functional architecture was designed by Jean-Michel Wilmotte, makes it possible to reconcile basic research and applied research, in particular for clinical purposes, within the same place.
When it opened, the building brought together the vast majority of research teams in neuroscience, neurology, psychiatry or psychology which had previously been scattered over the Pitié-Salpêtrière site.
and who have placed their various areas of expertise at the service of the Foundation: Gérard Saillant (President of the ICM), Yves Agid (Scientific Director), Olivier Lyon-Caen, Luc Besson, Louis Camilleri, Jean Glavany, Maurice Lévy, Jean-Pierre Martel, Max Mosley, Lindsay Owen-Jones, Michael Schumacher, Jean Todt, David de Rothschild or Serge Weinberg.
The 92nd Infantry Division was sent to Tuscany to participate in the defense against the Allied Italian campaign that had started in 1943.
There, the division operated in loose formation and often in several individual combat groups in the Alban Hills until it was dissolved on 20 June 1944.
In the year 2016, he left his record label to set up his own record label Beatkilla Records in partnership with his brother, he has remained there ever since.
Danny Young is from Owo local government in Ondo State and is a prince, being a grandson of Oba Adekola Ogunoye II and nephew of Oba Ajibade Gbadegesin, the present king of Owo kingdom.
Herbert E. Horowitz (born July 10, 1930 Brooklyn, New York, - March 2, 2019 Pasadena, California), a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, was the American Ambassador to Gabon (1986-1989).
He attended Alfred University for two years before transferring to Brooklyn College (B.A., 1952)l. He went on to earn a M.A.
According to the FAA Airman Database, he was a Airline Transport Pilot type rated in the Boeing 707, Boeing 720 and Boeing 747.
The rivière aux Pommes is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the municipalities of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, Pont-Rouge, Neuville and Donnacona, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The Rivière aux Pommes valley is mainly served by the route 365, the route 367 and the autoroute 40 which links the cities of Quebec and Trois-Rivières.
The surface of the Rivière aux Pommes (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood occurs in March or April.
This source is located east of the village center of Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, at at northwest of autoroute 40, at northwest of St. Lawrence River, at north-west of its mouth.
According to the report of the CBJC (on page 51), the flood zones of the Rivière aux Pommes, are located in the city of Neuville (at the intersection of the Félix-Leclerc highway (north (2e Rang), and north of rue de la Rivière) and in the town of Pont-Rouge (north of rang Petit-Capsa, from rue des Hirondelles to route Joséphat-Martel).
Lethe violaceopicta, the Manipur woodbrown, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm (Tibet, West China (Sichuan, Guizhou), Manipur).
The Lochis Madonna is a c.1475 tempera and gold on panel painting by Carlo Crivelli, signed It is now in the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo, which it entered in 1866 from Guglielmo Lochis' collection - its previous history is unknown.
The composition with a garland is linked to the Paduan School, its use of space draws on Mantegna, the high level of detail shows Flemish influence and the use of gold fuses Gothic and Byzantine influence.
The right hand background landscape is barer than that on the left, symbolising the death and life linked to Christ's sacrifice, the Christ Child holds an apple referring to original sin, the cucumber, cherry and peaches on the balustrade to Mary's fertility and virginity and the carnation at bottom left is a symbol of Christ's Passion.
ASIL accuracy describes the maximum possible deviation of a measurement in a system in which a single point fault occurred before some diagnostic detects this fault.
This concept applies to automotive systems designed under the ISO-26262 methodology for automotive functional safety, which defines Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) to classify risks.
While accuracy refers to a single measurement, ASIL accuracy considers variation in the primary measurement being assessed as well as variation in the diagnostic measurement or measurements used to detect single point faults.
A fault in the primary measurement can be detected by comparing the primary and diagnostic measurements, and signaling a fault if the difference is outside the expected operating range.
If the two measurements are truly independent and uncorrelated, in normal operation they can be at opposite ends of their operating ranges.
If the primary measurement has an accuracy V1, and if the redundant diagnostic measurement has an accuracy V2, then the fault detection limit should be set to at least VLIM=V1+V2 to avoid false positives.
If the diagnostic measurement V2 is at the maximum of its operating range, the primary measurement can drift VLIM further before the fault is raised.
He represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's long jump T38 event.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships held in London, United Kingdom he won the silver medal in the men's long jump T38 event.
In 2018 he competed at the 2018 Asian Para Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia where he won two silver medals and two bronze medals.
It was one of many poems which were salvaged after Maxamed Aadan Sheekh, Somalia's Minister of Culture ordered for them to be salvaged, but only permitted poems which were memorized by former members of the Haroun (dervish government).
This was in reference to how during the year it was released, the dervishes moved back into their old territories in the Nugaal Valley.
Whereas Muhammad Abdullah Hassan is the most notable poet in Somali history, Gaala Leged or Gudban is itself arguably his most memorable poem.
Said Sheikh Samatar described Gudban as a political poem, which was in nature, similar to a State of the Union address.
However, as Ayl and environs were too poor in resources and too limited for the ambitions of the Dervish movement, the Dervish leaders gradually came to the decision to take up the armed struggle once again.
The dervish leaders he mentions by name include (a) Xasan Gaagguf Axmed Mulac (b) Xayd Aaden Gallaydh (c) Xirsiwaal Maxamuud Cashuur (d) Maxamuud Dheri (e) Beynax Aaden-Gallaydh (f) Muuse Taagane (g) Guuleed Caligeri Axmed.
According to Melchiorri (1844), the painting was originally in the Gabriel Ferretti chapel in the church of San Francesco ad Alto in Ancona.
It was then displayed at the former monastery of San Domenico in the town, before moving to the church of San Francesco alle Scale.
It was taken to Urbino during the Second World War and remained there until returning to Ancona in 1950, where it was displayed at the Palazzo degli Anziani and the Palazzo Bosdari before entering its present collection.
The 2020 Africa Women Cup of Nations qualification is a women's football competition which decided the participating teams of the 2020 Africa Women Cup of Nations.
Yip was educated at Abingdon School and later studied at Banbury College and graduated with a degree from Oxford and Cherwell College in 2004.
Yip then became associated with the series Class and has directed two episodes; Detained and The Metaphysical Engine, or What Quill Did.
He has also directed on many major series in the United States including Tatau, Salem, Preacher, Into the Badlands, Happy, Doom Patrol and most recently Treadstone.
The European Geoparks Network is a founding member of the Global Geoparks Network and it functions as a regional geopark network of it.
As of 2020, there are 75 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 26 European countries and there are several territories in an aspiring or planned phase, or in a national geopark status.
The European Geoparks Network (EGN) functions as the regional organization of the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) and the UNESCO International Geosciences and Geoparks Programme (UNESCO-IGGP).
Its main objective is to ensure cooperation between geoparks for the protection of geological heritage and the promotion of sustainable development of their territories in Europe.
In 2020 January, the EGN had 75 institutional members (UNESCO Global Geoparks) from 26 European countries and there are several aspiring geopark projects, applying for a UNESCO label and therefore the permanent EGN membership.
The 1990s are widely considered as the birth of geoheritage as a dedicated domain of the geosciences, dealing with the preservation and valorisation of the Earth's abiotical heritage, its geodiversity.
The idea of coordinated work on geology-focused territorial frameworks in Europe was discussed during the International Geological Congress in Beijing, 1997.
They signed the convention on the establishment of the European Geoparks Label and the Network itself, with the intention of sharing information and expertise, as well as defining common tools.
On 20 April 2001, during the 3rd EGN Coordination Meeting, the Convention of Cooperation was signed between UNESCO Division of Earth Sciences and the EGN at Parc Cabo de Gata in Spain, defining the basis of the partnership between the two signatories.
In February 2004 the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) was founded in Paris by the members of EGN and the Chinese Geopark Network.
The international partnership was developed under the umbrella of UNESCO and in October 2004 the Madonie Declaration was issued during the 5th Annual Meeting of EGN.
In November 2015, the 38th UNESCO General Conference adopted the International Geosciences and Geoparks Programme, officially approving the geopark concept to its framework and merging it with the existing International Geoscience Programme.
The EGN operates under the auspices of the Statutes of the Global Geoparks Network, supplemented with the Rules of Operation of EGN, based on the Charter of EGN, signed in 2000.
They function as the forums to enhance the cooperation of geoparks and the promotion of the geopark concept on a national level and taking over directly selected activities of EGN / GGN in a country.
The executive decisions and operative work of EGN take place within the half-year coordination meetings, hosted every spring and autumn by one of the institutional members.
The six-monthly coordination meetings of the autumn periods run parallel with the Annual Meetings (2000 – 2012) and European Geoparks Conferences, now organized every two years.
These are open to non-institutional and non-individual EGN members as well, functioning as venues of scientific exchange and networking opportunity, related to the geoparks concept.
International with the under 23, he helped Ivory Coast qualify for the 2020 olympics in the U23 CAN, and he even figured in the team of the tournament.
Madonna and Child with an Apple or Madonna and Child Holding an Apple' is a c.1480 tempera and gold on panel painting by Carlo Crivelli, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, having entered it as part of the Jones collection - its previous provenance is unknown.
Several replicas are known - one each in a private collection in Venice (possibly seen by Testi in 1915), the Bracht Collection in Berlin, the Museo della Ca' d'Oro in Venice (school of Crivelli with variations), whilst one in the Eissler Collection in Vienna is now in New York (with variations; attributed to the Master of the Brera Predella by Drey in 1927).
Davis once again served as the mayor of Grand Rapids from 1958 to 1963 after unsuccessfully running for the position in 1956.
In 1961, Davis was an unsuccessful candidate for the position of delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Kent County 1st District.
On November 4, 1964, Davis was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the 92nd district from January 13, 1965 to 1972.
Davis was not re-elected to this position in 1972, and once again was defeated in an election for the same position in 1974.
As of February 2020, Whiting serves on the following committees: Labor and Business Relations (Vice Chair), Government Oversight, Judiciary, State Government, and Transportation.
He also serves on the Administration and Regulation Appropriations Subcommittee, as well as the Administrative Rules Review Committee, Tax Credit Review Committee, and the Human Rights Board.
Willian Gabriel Galvão Forte (born 10 May 2000), commonly known as Willian Forte, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Al-Ittihad Kalba.
She was the first woman to become president of a local council in Tahiti, and served as a member of the Territorial Assembly between 1962 and 1970.
She was educated at the Sisters of Saint Joseph de Cluny school, before moving to the United States with her sister Louise at the age of 20 to try and find work.
She began administering the council informally in 1941, before becoming Vice-President in 1946, and President in 1950, which also gave her the title of chiefess, the first woman to hold the title in Tahiti.
Raoulx was a Tahitian Democratic Union candidate in the 1962 Territorial Assembly elections, and was elected to from the Windward Islands constituency, becoming the second female member of the legislature after Céline Oopa.
Maria Cäsar (13 September 1920 - 1 September 2017) was an Austrian political activist (KPÖ) who after 1938 became a resistance activist.
She was among the survivors: during and beyond the occupation years after the war Maria Cäsar played her part in testifying about her experiences of Austria under National Socialism to younger generations.
Maria Cäsar was born in Liescha (Prävali) in the Mieß valley district of what was still, at the time of her birth, part of the German speaking province of Carinthia.
Under the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain which the wartime victors imposed on the former Austrian empire a referendum was held in the southern borderlands of Carinthia, including the Cäsar's home village, as a result of which when Maria Cäsar was approximately four weeks old the area became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Her father found work with the local , although sources recall that during the economically parlous 1920s and 1930s he also experienced frequent periods of unemployment.
During the unemployment crisis that followed the Wall Street Crash her mother kept the family afloat by working as a farm labourer.
The first definitive mention of the work dates to 1852, placing it in the Jones Collection in Clytha, from which it passed to the Baring Collection in 1871 and then the Northbrook Collection.
Antonio Valmor Assis Da Silva Junior (born 6 March 2000), commonly known as Juninho, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Khor Fakkan.
The programme is a $12 billion infrustructure package to improve roads, rail, hospitals and schools around the country, of which $8 billion has been allocated and the other $4 billion will be part of the 2020 Budget.
Seven highway projects in the North Island will cost $4.63 billion and are to be built over the next five to eight years.
Auckland will receive $2.2 billion to be put towards roads, which mayor Phil Goff says will be put toward the $1.3 billion Mill Road highway, set to begin construction in late 2022, and the $411 million Penlink toll road between Whangaparaoa Peninsula and State Highway 1, set to start in late 2021 and be complete by 2025.
Additionally, $991 million will be spent in Waikato and the Bay of Plenty, and $692 million will be spent in Northland on a motorway from Marsden Point to Whangarei.
Wellington will receive $1.35 billion, including funding for the $258 million Melling interchange which will start construction in late 2022 and is expected to be completed by 2026, as well as $59 million going towards the improvement of State Highway 58 between Hutt Valley and Porirua.
The Tauranga northern link, connecting State Highway 29 to Te Puna, will cost $478 million and start construction in late 2020, set to be completed by 2025.
State Highway 1 between Ōtaki and Levin will be increased to four lanes to improve safety; this project will cost $817 million and start construction in 2025 with an estimated completion date of 2029.
In the South Island, Canterbury will receive $159 million mainly for highway safety projects, while Queenstown will receive $90 million to improve public transport into the town centre.
Four rail projects will be funded: $371 million towards extending electrification of Auckland's rail network from Papakura to Pukekohe, $211 million towards improvements to the rail system between Wellington, Wairarapa and Palmerston North, $247 million to develop the Drury railway station with two new stations at Drury East and Drury West, and $315 million to build a rail line between Wiri and Westfield in South Auckland.
Hospitals have been allocated $300 million, which includes $96 million on mental health and addiction services and $83 million on child and maternal health.
A further $75 million will be put towards addressing poor conditions in hospitals and $26 million will go towards regional and rural services.
The spending on child and maternal health will include ungrading neonatal care facilities in Counties Manakau, Auckland, Hutt Valley, and Wellington, while maternity facilities will be upgraded in South Canterbury and the Hutt Valley.
A further $5.2 million will be made available for hospitals to replace coal boilers used for heating with biomass boilers as well as a contingency fund of $20 million.
The government estimates that the programme will give a $10 billion boost to New Zealand's economy over its first five years.
Transport Minister Phil Twyford says the projects will speed up travel times, ease congestion and make roads safer by taking trucks off the road and on to rail.
In February 2018, founder Andrew Mackenzie appeared on BBC News Africa and was interviewed about the company by host Bola Mosuro.
In January 2018, Vogue magazine ran a feature on the styling of Stranger Things star Noah Schnapp, who wore Jésù-Séguna London shoes on the red carpet at the Golden Globes that month.
It is recorded in the Greek royal collections in Athens before passing into the Dohna-Mallmitz Collection and then the Huldschinsky Collection in Berlin, which gave it its name.
In 1906 it was displayed at the Kaiser Friedrich Museum and twenty years later it was bought from the Huldschinsky Collection by Colnaghi in London and then Harding in New York before reaching its present home in 1947.
Ján Vojtaššák (1877–1965) was a Slovak bishop and the official Catholic representative to the Slovak Diet during the Axis Slovak State regime.
When the deportation of Jews from Slovakia to Poland was discussed in March 1942, Vojtaššák did not oppose the deportation but merely asked that Jews who had converted to Christianity be settled separately from those who continued to practice Judaism.
A doughnut sandwich is a combination of a doughnut and a sandwich, typically constructed using a glazed, deep-fried flour doughnut and split in the middle like a bagel.
Various types of foods, such as cheese, bacon, peanut butter and more, are usually added between the slices creating a sandwich.
The doughnut breakfast sandwich is usually made with bacon, eggs, sausage and some type of cheese like cheddar or American cheese.
Order of Truxillo (or Trujillo) was a short-lived military brotherhood based at the castle of Truxillo in the kingdom of Castile.
The Order of San Julián, thus deprived of its foothold in Castile, was compensated for its loss of the Order of Truxillo and its possessions by King Ferdinand III, who united León and Castile in 1230.
It is attributed to Donatello, an attribution based on the structure of the drapery, which is no longer simply a means of expression and decoration as in Gothic art but is instead more naturalistic and observed from life, following a strict dialogue with the anatomical forms beneath it and obeying the rules of gravity.
Vicki Paski (born 16 October 1955) is a pool player from the United States and member of the Women's Professional Billiard Association Hall of Fame.
She continued to practice at the club where the course was held, called the Velvet Rail, and won her first tournament at the age of 18.
She became a member of the Women's Professional Billiard Association Hall of Fame, for Meritorious Service, in 2005, and was inducted into the Greater Lansing Area Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.
She attended Ballyphilip national school, Ards, moving to Dublin to live with her aunt Jane Mason and attend Holy Faith convent, Haddington Road, Dublin, and later St Michael's Loreto convent, Navan, County Meath.
She worked briefly in a firm on Baggot Street as a secretary, going on to work briefly as Éamon de Valera's secretary before his tour of the United States in 1919.
Derrig was Michael Collins personal secretary from 1919 to 1922, working long hours over the course of the War of Independence.
Shortly before her death, she gifted a copy of a journal by Collins from his time spent in Sligo jail in 1918 to the National Library of Ireland.
Bear's Sonic Journals: Dawn of the New Riders of the Purple Sage is a 5-CD live album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage.
Madonna and Child with Four Cherubs is a c.1440 terracotta sculpture by Donatello, now in the Bode-Museum in Berlin, which bought it in 1888.
Still partly medieval in its iconography, Mary and Jesus' heads touch in a manner also seen in the artist's Pazzi Madonna.
Nick Woltemade (born 28 April 1995) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward or attacking midfielder for Werder Bremen.
Sandeep Mathrani is a real-estate executive and the current chief executive of WeWork following the ouster of its former CEO, Adam Neumann.
In 1983, he graduated from college at the Stevens Institute of Technology, obtaining his bachelor's degree in engineering and management science.
According to Mathrani, he first got into real estate in 1986 by selling a used Nissan Sentra and using the proceeds to buy and flip an apartment building in Washington, DC for a $20,000 profit.
In actual fact, he generated the funds in part by selling the Nissan and also by borrowing money using his Visa card and securing a $52,000 loan from the US Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
When the company was bought out, Mathrani netted roughly $189 million through the cash-and-stock takeover, which represented a combination of his golden parachute as CEO as well as the value of his shares.
In February 2020, Mathrani was brought on board as the new CEO of the struggling tech company WeWork, following the ouster of its CEO Adam Neumann and the collapse of its IPO.
After the Second World War he joined the new Catholic People's Party, even though he also considered joining the Labour Party.
When the party began drifting towards cooperation with Freedom and Democracy instead of the liberal People's Party Aarden and his allies responded by writing an address.
When the KVP unexpectedly declared its intention to work together closely with the ARP and Christian Historical Union Aarden and his ‘radicals’ left the KVP (26 February 1968).
Group Aarden merged with elements from the ARP and CHU to create the leftist Political Party of Radicals, Aarden became it's leader.
Donnamarie Bruton (May 3, 1954 - September 9, 2012) was a painter and RISD faculty member, known for her mixed media paintings and collages.
Bruton worked at RISD starting in 1992, serving as Painting department head from 2001–03, and as interim dean of Graduate Studies from 2003–05.
Her work is part of the permanent collection at the RISD Museum and the Gwanjiu Museum in Korea, as well as several private collections.
The Diotallevi Madonna is a c.1504 oil on panel painting by Raphael, now in the Bode Museum in Berlin, which it entered in 1841-1842 from marquess Diotallevi's collection in Rimini.
Roberto Longhi noted the more archaic painting of the Madonna compared to the work on the Christ Child and John the Baptist, leading him to theorise that it had been worked on around 1500–1502, abandoned and then completed in Florence around 1504–1505.
Athletico Physical Therapy is an Oak Brook, Illinois-based chain offering orthopedic rehabilitation originally founded in 1991 by physical therapist Mark Kaufman.
The company started by providing rehabilitation services for student athletes at Francis W. Parker High School and Lions Rugby in Chicago.
In June 2019 Athletico Physical Therapy named former Fresenius Medical Care executive Ron Rodgers as the new CEO, while founder Mark Kaufman remained on as executive chairman.
While Mr. Bumble preaches Christian principle he himself fails to live up to these lofty ideals by behaving without compassion or mercy toward the paupers under his charge.
In his novels Dickens chose his character's names carefully and 'Bumble' lives up to the symbolism of his name through his displays of self-importance, greed, hypocrisy and foolishness.
His amorous feelings being reciprocated, the two soon marry but Bumble's new wife turns out to be a sharp-tongued and tyrannical woman who nags and browbeats him.
By Chapter 37 Bumble has been married for two months and is no longer beadle but is now Master of the workhouse; however, he is not happy with his more advanced situation.
With these words, Mr. Bumble opened the door, and walked in with a very fierce and angry manner: which was at once exchanged for a most humiliated and cowering air, as his eyes unexpectedly rested on the form of his lady wife.
You're a great deal too fond of poking your nose into things that don't concern you, making everybody in the house laugh, the moment your back is turned, and making yourself look like a fool every hour in the day.
Mr. Bumble, seeing with excruciating feelings, the delight of the two old paupers, who were tittering together most rapturously, hesitated for an instant.
Mrs. Bumble, whose patience brooked no delay, caught up a bowl of soap-suds, and motioning him towards the door, ordered him instantly to depart, on pain of receiving the contents upon his portly person.
He looked dejectedly round, and slunk away; and, as he reached the door, the titterings of the paupers broke into a shrill chuckle of irrepressible delight.
He was degraded in their eyes; he had lost caste and station before the very paupers; he had fallen from all the height and pomp of beadleship, to the lowest depth of the most snubbed hen-peckery.
The former Mrs. Corney had been in attendance at the death of the nurse Old Sally and purloined the locket and ring Old Sally had taken from Oliver's mother as she tended her on her deathbed.
Monks buys these items from the Bumbles and throws them into the River Thames, hoping that, by destroying them, Oliver's true identity will remain hidden.
When they are exposed as being complicit in Monks' plot Bumble and his wife are deprived of their offices and themselves are reduced to becoming paupers in the poorhouse where once they had caused so much misery and suffering to others.
The 2017–18 LEN Euro League Women was the 31st edition of the top tier European tournament for women's water polo clubs.
The russian team won the trophy for the second year in a row, defeating in the final game Spain's CN Sabadell.
The draw of the Quarterfinals matches was held, alongside the draw for the 2019 Women's European U19 Championship, on 27 January 2018.
Mataró was chosen by LEN as host of tournament on 20 March, while the draw was held during Europa Cup's Superfinal, in Pontevedra, on 24 March 2018.
Wilhelm von Bode, the general manager of the Prussian Art Collections for the Berlin Museum, spotted the bust in a London gallery and purchased it for a few pounds for the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in 1909.
Lucas's son, Albert, then came forward and swore under oath that the story was correct and that he had helped his father to make it.
Albert was able to explain how the layers of wax had been built up from old candle ends; he also described how his father would stuff various debris, including newspapers, inside the bust.
When the Berlin museum staff removed the base they found the debris, just as Albert had described it, including a letter dated in the 1840s.
To support this, he displayed the Flora bust among a selection of Lucas's lesser work – this exhibition rather backfired, however, as it showed that Lucas had been regularly making wax sculptures inspired by the great works of previous times.
Various claims and counter-claims have been put forward about the bust, from its being an outright forgery to being a genuine 16th-century piece (albeit not by Leonardo).
Scientific examination has been inconclusive and unhelpful in dating the bust, although it is accepted as having at least some connection with Lucas.
Govenor Larry Hogan appointed Ruth to fill the vacancy created by the appointment of Charles E. Sydnor III to the Maryland Senate.
Susan Dorothea Mary Therese Sweney (2 February 1915 - 30 October 1983) was a British radio broadcaster in Berlin on behalf of the Nazi regime in Germany during the Second World War.
In 1936, Sweney joined the British Union of Fascists (BUF) but left after two years due to attacks on the Jews by the organisation.
After a police raid on her flat she resolved to join her husband who was working in Burma and departed by ship on 28 May 1940.
Her vessel was sunk by a German ship in the Indian Ocean on 13 July 1940 and she was taken with other survivors on a prison ship to France where she arrived in September 1940.
The 1981 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
The New York County Bank Building at 77-79 Eighth Avenue at West 14th Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City – also known as the Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company Building – was built in 1906-1907 and was designed by De Lemos & Cordes and Rudolphe L. Daus in the Neoclassical style.
Renovations and a further addition in 1999 were by Lee Harris of the Hudson River Studios and John Reimnitz and mimic the original architecture.
On June 7, 1988 the building was designated a New York City landmark by the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission.
The New York County National Bank was founded in 1855, and by 1877 occupied the corner lot at Eighth Avenue and 14th Street.
In 1905, it bought the lot next door at 77 Eighth Avenue from John Jacob Astor, which was occupied by a printing house.
The bank commissioned De Lemos and Cordes to design their new building, which was originally to have been eight stories, of which the bank would occupy two, but by the time papers were filed with the city, the building was to be one story with an attic, and De Lemos and Cordes had brought in Rudolphe L. Daus on the project.
In 1921, the New York County National Bank merged with Chatham and Phenix National Bank, which then merged with Metropolitan Trust Company in 1924, forming the Chatham-Phenix National Bank and Trust Company.
This institution was bought in 1932 by Manufacturers Trust Company, which later became Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company (MHT), which continued to use the building as a branch bank.
Since it ceased being used as a bank, the building at 77-79 Eighth Avenue has been the location of a men's gym, and a museum, among other things.
The building's facade is rubbed South Dover marble, which has in the past been painted to match the stone's original color.
Subramanian Karthick Ramakrishnan, typically published as S. Karthick Ramakrishnan or Karthick Ramakrishnan, is an American political scientist, currently a professor of public policy and political science at the University of California, Riverside.
He is also a founder and director of the UC Riverside Center for Social Innovation, and has been the Associate Dean of the School of Public Policy.
He studies the political behavior and engagement of immigrants to the United States, and manages projects to gather data about minority groups in America.
Ramakrishnan has founded and directed multiple projects related to data acquisition on minority groups in the US, including the National Asian American Survey, the AAPI Data project to collect information about Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the US, and the effort by the Inland Empire Community Foundation to ensure that minority groups in San Bernardino County and Riverside County are accurately captured by the US census.
The Super Bowl XXX halftime show occurred on January 28, 1996, at the Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona as part of Super Bowl XXX and featured American entertainer Diana Ross.
After she pleaded with them to allow her to keep the performance unabbreviated, they relented to allow her a thirteen-and-a-half minute time slot.
Yu Weiliang (; born 17 September 1973) is a former Chinese footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Chinese national football team.
On 9 November 2019, Phillips made his only appearance on loan for Billericay Town in a 4–0 FA Cup loss against Forest Green Rovers.
Cunynghame was colonel-commandant of the 1st Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps and of the 36th Regiment of Foot (Worcestershire Regiment).
Cunynghame was born at Malshanger House near Oakley, Hampshire, the fifth son of Col. Sir David Cunynghame, 5th Baronet of Milncraig, by his first wife, Mary (or Maria) Thurlow, an illegitimate daughter of Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow.
They had two sons: Sir Henry Hardinge Samuel Cunynghame (8 July 1848 – 3 May 1935) and Arthur Hardinge David Cunynghame (17 November 1853 – 14 November 1917).
Penn was to open its season in mid-December against the Quaker City Hockey Club, an organization captained by program founder George Orton, but the school's athletic department refused to allow the team to play.
With this official approval also came the insistence that Penn join the Intercollegiate Hockey Association and play against the likes of Yale and Brown.
While those plans were being ironed out the Philadelphia Hockey League, of which Penn was still a member, replaced Haverford College with Central High School and arranged inter-squad games between each of the four clubs.
The game had been arranged earlier but as many Quaker players had returned home for the holidays the team needed to use graduates as replacements.
When the team finally played its first official game on January 10 they opened with a bang, defeating Central High School 12–0.
The Quakers played well through several games but after the managers of the West Park Ice Palace failed to carry through on an agreement for a benefit night the school refused to use the rink for the remainder of the season.
In December of the following year the Athletic department released the figures for all of the athletic programs the university supported.
The ice hockey team cost the school $210 to support, seventh out of ten programs, but the team had brought in just $38 in gate receipts.
With the debt from the school's athletic department mounting, combined with the closing of the West Park Ice Palace, the ice hockey team was suspended as a luxury that it could not afford.
Li Chengming (; born 11 April 1978) is a former Chinese footballer who played as a defender for the Shanghai Shenhua.
Jalen Crutcher (born July 18, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Dayton Flyers of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
As a freshman, Crutcher started 22 games and averaged 9.2 points, 3.1 rebounds, and 4.4 assists per game on a team that finished 14-17.
As a sophomore, Crutcher was third on the team in scoring with 13.2 points per game and second in the Atlantic 10 in assists with 5.7 per game.
Crutcher hit a three-pointer with seconds left against Kansas in the final of the 2019 Maui Invitational Tournament to force overtime.
On January 17, 2020, Crutcher scored 21 points and hit the game-winning three-pointer at the buzzer to defeat Saint Louis 78-76 in overtime.
Crutcher scored a career-high 24 points and also had eight rebounds and seven assists on January 25, in a 87-79 win over Richmond.
He became the first Dayton player to be named Atlantic 10 player of the week on back-to-back weeks on January 27.
The work is scored for four-part choir SATB and an orchestra of Coro two flutes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two violins, viola, two cellos and double bass.
He was member of the Hellenic Parliament between elected in the 20 September 2015 elections, representing Chania constituency for SYRIZA, until 11 July 2019.
Oldenfelde is a station on the Hamburg U-Bahn line U1 located on the border of the districts of Farmsen-Berne and Rahlstedt.
The planning approval process began in November 2016, construction began on February 16, 2018, and the station opened on December 9, 2019.
The Oldenfelde underground station was built between the Farmsen and Berne stops, which were about 2.6 km apart, the second longest distance between stops in the Hamburg underground network.
The existing service and test track running parallel to this section of line was not affected by the station's construction dimensions and was retained.
The 1980 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States.
She's from a family of actors; her father is the actor Aziz el-Fadili and her brother is the producer Adil el-Fadili.
She has made a number of productions including programs such as Hanane Show and Super Hada, which were well received by Moroccan audiences.
The 2018–19 FC St. Pauli season is the 108th season in the football club's history and 8th consecutive season in the second division of German football, the 2.
In addition to the domestic league, FC St. Pauli also are participating in this season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal.
The Waldorf Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually at Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Sheepshead Bay, New York.
However, the race had a very short tenure after passage of the Hart-Agnew anti-betting legislation by the New York Legislature which devastated horse racing.
The winner's share of the purse for the Waldorf Stakes was always in the area of $6,000 but for what would prove to be its last running, the winner's share for 1908 was reduced by more than 70%.
When a February 21, 1913 ruling by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division saw horse racing return it was too late for the Sheepshead Bay horse racing facility and it never reopened.
Kentucky Beau was ridden by African American jockey Leroy Williams and trained by African American French Brooks for Runnymede Farm's Woodford Clay of the renowned Clay family of Kentucky.
Fashion Plate have a stellar career in racing with wins in the Brookdale, Edgemere, Long Island and prestigious Metropolitan Handicap, among others.
From 1978 to 1983, he was director of the Ackland Art Museum.From 1983 to 1993, he was director of the Cleveland Museum of Art..
Giovanny Romero Infante, also known as Gio Infante, (September 18, 1988 - January 24, 2020) was a Peruvian journalist and LGBT activist.
Cooper, a California native, played college tennis for the UCLA Bruins and won the 1988 NCAA Division I Women's Doubles Championship, partnering Stella Sampras.
She and Sampras subsequently received entry into the doubles main draw at the 1988 US Open, where they came up against Louise Allen and Anna-Maria Fernandez for their first round match, which they lost in a third set tiebreak.
Zhou Ning (; born 2 April 1974) is a former Chinese footballer who played as a forward for the Chinese national football team.
The 104th Operational Maneuvers Regiment is a special forces regiment from the Algerian land forces, It is a paratroopers regiment too like their colleagues from the 116th RMO.
The 104th operational maneuvers regiment was created the 2 of November 2005 by a presidential decret in order to support the ex Algerian SIG and to participate with them to the counter terrorism operations in Algeria.
Moreover, the Algerian land forces wanted to have their special forces regiment because before the creation of the 104th RMO the Algerian army had only 1 special forces unit, the Special Intervention Group, and but they aren't special forces regiment like the 104th RMO but a special regiment like the 75th Rangers of the US Army.
The 104th RMO operators are trained in the (EATS) in Biskra for the skydiving and the special operations, and they're trained too in the (EFCIP) in Boghar on commando techniques, survival, healing and second level special operations.
For that the 104th RMO has a training plateform with several buildings and houses in order to the 104th RMO operators practice the counter terrorism and hostage rescue training.
Tactical lights, laser sight, silencer as well as RONI kits (with silencer and aimpoint sight) are often mounted on the Glock 17 which is the main weapon of the 104th RMO operators.
Assault rifles are customized according to the operator but you can generally find on these weapons laser sights, tactical lights, silencers, anti-recoil sticks, Eotech, Acog, Aimpoint sights, etc.
LearningCart is a US-based all in one learning management platform that provides Learning Management (LMS), Content Management (CMS), and E-commerce capabilities so that subscribers can sell and manage their products and training online.
The platform has notably been used by companies like Cisco, Siemens, Readers Digest, University of Washington, and the University of Maryland.
As his father is a respected head of Banu Fihr, Dhiraar was trained as brave warrior and known as skilled poet.
Dhiraar participated during the battle of Uhud, where he served under Khalid ibn Walid riders ambushing the Muslim archers on the mount of Uhud.
During the Battle of Khandaq, He is one of small band riders of the allied army that being able to jump over the trenches, along with Amr ibn Abd al-Wud, Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl and Habirah bin abi Wahb.
Sometimes after Dhiraar embraced Islam, he met some people from Aus and Khazraj argued over who of the two tribes was the bravest during the battle of Uhud.
since due to Islamic belief, if a Muslim goes to war and killed by infidels, they certainly goes straightly to heaven without judgment.
Previously it was thought that such wide binary brown dwarfs are not formed or at least are disrupted at ages of 1-10 Myrs.
Together with other wide binaries, such as Oph 162225-240515 or UScoCTIO 108, the existence of this system was inconsistent with the ejection hypothesis, a proposed hypothesis in which brown dwarfs form in a multiple system, but are ejected before they gain enough mass to burn hydrogen.
The system was discovered by Kevin Luhman in 2004 during observations of candidate young brown dwarfs in Chamaeleon I, using the Magellan I telescope.
The primary 2M1101A has a spectral type of M7.25 ± 0.25, with a mass of about 52 and a temperature of 2838 K (2565 °C; 4649 °F).
The secondary 2M1101B has a spectral type of M8.25 ± 0.25, with a mass of about 26 and a temperature of 2632 K (2359 °C; 4279 °F).
Based on spectral features, such as sodium and potassium absorption lines it was concluded that both brown dwarfs are young and part of Chamaeleon I.
The brown dwarfs in 2M1101AB belong to the youngest substellar members of Chamaeleon I with an approximately age of 1 million years.
Nomadic bands of Rogue River Indians had been raiding settlements in Southwest Oregon causing settlers to retaliate occasionally targeting innocent tribes.
Lane would accompany Aldon's battalion (composed of two Oregon companies under Jacob Rhodes and James P. Goodall) toward Table Rock to rendezvous with Colonel Ross at a designated point on Evans Creek.
The battle lines held for another 3 hours until a message was delivered that the Natives wanted to cease fire and make peace.
Garnier de Rochefort, a 12th-century French cleric, was Abbot of (1175–1180), Abbot of Clairvaux (1186–1193), and finally Bishop of Langres (1193–1199).
On his return, he resigned and retired to Clairvaux Abbey until his death, which likely occurred in 1225 (though certain 19th-century historians say 1200).
She is also shown carrying a blacklight, which is typically used to find substances that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
It was first identified by a forensic laboratory in Hungary in 2015, but has subsequently been found in numerous other countries around the world including Spain, Belgium, Poland, Turkey and Brazil.
As far as gameplay goes, the game plays like other mahjong titles released at the time, as the goal of players is to take points from other players by drawing and discarding tiles until a winning hand is made.
The player can choose between one of the three selectable girls at the beginning to start a match: Sayuri, Yukari and Megumi.
The game is over once the players has zero points or less in their favor, unless more credits are inserted into the arcade machine to continue playing.
The game ran on a proprietary arcade board manufactured by Toaplan, which used a Zilog Z80 clocked at 6 megahertz, as well as the General Instrument AY-3-8910 chip for sound, while its visuals were rendered at 260 x 240 pixels.
On 29 August 2018, an album containing its audio, as well as from other Toaplan titles was published exclusively in Japan by City Connection under their Clarice Disk label.
Daniela Hantuchová and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario won the title by defeating Tathiana Garbin and Janette Husárová 6–3, 1–6, 7–5 in the final.
Joseph Mees (18 April 1923 – 9 December 2001) was a Belgian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including almost twenty years as an Apostolic Nuncio.
Rather than support the anti-apartheid efforts of the South African bishops led by Denis Hurley, Archbishop of Durban, Mees quoted Pope John Paul's structures against clerical participation in politics, the same words South African President P.W.
Mees left South Africa in October 1987, apparently recalled to Rome, leaving in charge of the nunciature Mario Cassari, who gave the bishops' political efforts his enthusiastic endorsement.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Thomas Lorraine Hunt (11 February 1882 – 17 April 1938) was a Canadian-American landscape painter of the 1920s and 30s, known especially for his dramatic use of color.
His primary subjects were boats and harbors in which the colors and shapes on the canvas took precedence over the exactness of the objects.
Hunt was active among the Southern California group of Impressionist plein air painters and a founding member of the Laguna Art Museum.
Thomas Lorraine Hunt was born 11 February 1882 in London, Ontario, Canada, the son of the landscape artist William Powell Hunt.
Beginning at age 19, Hunt worked as a traveling salesman, then began taking landscape art seriously in 1908 at the age of 26.
In Cleveland, Hunt earned a living in apartment construction as a general contractor and real estate developer, however, in the city directories he listed his occupation as artist.
Following a vacation trip to Southern California with his wife and parents in 1922, Hunt sold his real estate holdings in Cleveland and moved to San Bernardino, California.
Hunt continued to earn a living with real estate development projects in Hollywood and San Bernardino, but became an active figure in the artist community.
In 1926, Hunt received a commission from the Elks Club of Los Angeles for a painting that would depict the end of the war with Mexico in 1848.
He became a member of the Laguna Beach Art Association and worked on the selection committee to locate a site for the Association's permanent gallery, which became the Laguna Art Museum.
His exhibition prizes included a 1st place at the 1928 California State Exhibition, 2nd in 1927 Laguna Beach Art Association (LBAA) exhibit, honorable mention from the San Diego Fine Arts Guild in 1933, 3rd at the 1933 LBAA exhibit, the 1933 Gertrude Streater Award for Landscape from the Pasadena Art Institute, and the 1933 Prize for Oil Painting from the San Diego Fine Arts Society.
Hunt had suffered from stomach ulcers for many years, and died at Santa Ana Hospital on 17 April 1938 after surgery for surgery for a perforated ulcer.
Although his father was a noted landscape artist, and Hunt took some classes from Hugh Breckenridge, he is considered to be mostly self-taught.
The first major collection and exhibition of paintings by Thomas Hunt was held in the fall of 2019 at the Laguna Art Museum.
In celestial mechanics and the mathematics of the -body problem, a central configuration is a system of point masses with the property that each mass is pulled by the combined gravitational force of the system directly towards the center of mass, with acceleration proportional to its distance from the center.
Central configurations may be studied in Euclidean spaces of any dimension, although only dimensions one, two, and three are directly relevant for celestial mechanics.
For equal masses, one possible central configuration places the masses at the vertices of a regular polygon (forming a Klemperer rosette), a Platonic solid, or a regular polytope in higher dimensions.
It is also possible to place an additional point, of arbitrary mass, at the center of mass of the system without changing its centrality.
Placing three masses in an equilateral triangle, four at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron, or more generally masses at the vertices of a regular simplex produces a central configuration even when the masses are not equal.
Under Newton's law of universal gravitation, bodies placed at rest in a central configuration will maintain the configuration as they collapse to a collision at their center of mass.
Systems of bodies in a two-dimensional central configuration can orbit stably around their center of mass, maintaining their relative positions, with circular orbits around the center of mass or in elliptical orbits with the center of mass at a focus of the ellipse.
These are the only possible stable orbits in three-dimensional space in which the system of particles always remains similar to its initial configuration.
More generally, any system of particles moving under Newtonian gravitation that all collide at a single point in time and space will approximate a central configuration, in the limit as time tends to the collision time.
Similarly, a system of particles that eventually all escape each other at exactly the escape velocity will approximate a central configuration in the limit as time tends to infinity.
And any system of particles that move under Newtonian gravitation as if they are a rigid body must do so in a central configuration.
Vortices in two-dimensional fluid dynamics, such as large storm systems on the earth's oceans, also tend to arrange themselves in central configurations.
Two central configurations are considered to be equivalent if they are similar, that is, they can be transformed into each other by some combination of rotation, translation, and scaling.
The finiteness of the set of three-point central configurations was shown by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in his solution to the three-body problem; Lagrange showed that there is only one non-collinear central configuration, in which the three points form the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
The number of configurations in this case is at least 32 and at most 8472, depending on the masses of the points.
The only central configuration of four masses that spans three dimensions is the configuration formed by the vertices of a regular tetrahedron.
For arbitrarily many points in one dimension, there are again only finitely many solutions, one for each of the linear orderings (up to reversal of the ordering) of the points on a line.
For every set of point masses, and every dimension less than , there exists at least one central configuration of that dimension.
It is an unsolved problem, posed by and , whether there is always a bounded number of central configurations for five or more masses in two or more dimensions.
As partial progress, for almost all 5-tuples of masses, there are only a bounded number of two-dimensional central configurations of five points.
For example this can be true for equal masses forming a square pyramid, with the four masses at the base of the pyramid also forming a central configuration, or for masses forming a triangular bipyramid, with the three masses in the central triangle of the bipyramid also forming a central configuration.
The intersection points of the lines with a single circle should all be occupied by points of equal mass, but the masses may vary from circle to circle.
For any desired number of lines, number of circles, and profile of the masses on each concentric circle of a spiderweb central configuration, it is possible to find a spiderweb central configuration matching those parameters.
One can similarly obtain central configurations for families of nested Platonic solids, or more generally group-theoretic orbits of any finite subgroup of the orthogonal group.
James Clerk Maxwell suggested that a special case of these configurations with one circle, a massive central body, and much lighter bodies at equally spaced points on the circle could be used to understand the motion of the rings of Saturn.
used stable orbits generated from spiderweb central configurations with known mass distribution to test the accuracy of classical estimation methods for the mass distribution of galaxies.
His results showed that these methods could be quite inaccurate, potentially showing that less dark matter is needed to predict galactic motion than standard theories predict.
While Van Bergen designed many homes in the same style, it was not commonly used in commercial buildings, and the Humer Building's design is unique among commercial buildings in Chicago's northern suburbs.
The building features ribbon windows, geometric designs on the inside, and patterned glass on its staircase, all typical Prairie School elements.
The 2019-20 Vermont Catamounts men's ice hockey season was the 57th season of play for the program, the 47th at the Division I level, and the 36th season in the Hockey East conference.
An emissions target or greenhouse gas emissions reduction target is the central policy instrument of international greenhouse gas emissions reduction politics and a key pillar of climate policy.
This area was the first to be settled in the mid-17th century, and is composed mainly of civic, religious, and residential buildings dating to the 18th and 19th centuries.
The town of Dudley was carved out of land purchased by Joseph Dudley and William Stoughton in 1681 from the Nipmuc Indians.
The Dudley Hill area, where the town center is located, had a longer history as a Nipmuc settlement, and some of its land was granted for the erection of the first church in 1734.
After American independence, the town center grew, with the Black Tavern (c. 1803) serving travelers, and Nichols Academy (founded 1815) located there.
Next to the church stands the Italianate Grange hall, built c. 1840 as a school, and the Black Tavern is across the street.
Most of the residential architecture is either Federal or Greek Revival in style, although there are two examples of later 19th-century Stick style houses.
This species' range includes most of southern Canada and the northern United States, as well as part of the southwestern States.
Fleetwood took office office on January 1, 2020, succeeding two-term incumbent Kelli Linville, who announced her retirement in February of 2019.
Tammy West (born May 24, 1959) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 84th district since 2016.
The NCL or National Conference League Division One (known as the Kingstone Press NCL Division One) is the secondary British amateur rugby league competition in the Rugby Football League pyramid.
Joseph Tomlinson III (June 22, 1816 – May 10, 1905) was an English American engineer and architect who built bridges and lighthouses in Canada and the United States.
He was the first person to hold the position of General Superintendent of Lighthouses for the new Dominion of Canada, holding that position beginning in January 1870.
For eight years, he worked building railroad bridges for the Canadian government, and designed one of the most impressive bridges on the Canadian Pacific Railway where it crossed the Fraser River.
He designed a railroad bridge over the Ashtabula River in Ohio, but was fired from the project after he refused to make supervisor-ordered changes to the design with he considered unsafe.
Tomlinson showed a strong interest in mechanical design as a child, but his parents sought to give him a classical education.
Although trained as a mechanic, Tomlinson discovered the practice mechanical construction in the United States was much different than that in the United Kingdom, and he found himself unemployed.
The bridge partially collapsed under its own weight as Tomlinson had predicted, and he was employed to help repair and strengthen it.
In his spare time, he drafted and designed bridges for himself, seeking criticism and advice from Housatonic Railroad bridge engineers he worked under.
He was eventually employed as a bridge construction worker and supervisor for the Housatonic Railroad, the Harlem Railroad in New York, and the Rutland and Whitehall Railroad in Vermont.
Although most railroad bridges at the time were made of wood, Tomlinson foresaw that iron and steel would swiftly supplant wood as the primary construction material.
In 1849, the Saratoga and Washington Railroad resolved to build a tunnel through a hill in the village of Whitehall, New York.
This would give the railroad a connection with Great Lakes passenger steamships, and connect the lake by rail to the Hudson River.
When Tomlinson received the commission to design the dig and completed tunnel, he worked on his plans for 72 hours without a break or sleep.
Tomlinson took a job as a bridge engineer with the government of the British colony (now Canadian province) of New Brunswick in 1854.
The first Tomlinson-designed bridge to collapse was a lenticular truss bridge over the Grand Falls of the Saint John River at the recently founded city of Grand Falls.
The Board of Works assumed complete responsibility for the failure of the bridge, and Tomlinson declined to charge the government for his work.
He designed a suspension bridge as a replacement; that bridge remained standing for decades, and became the best-known of his bridges.
After purchasing a farm on the Cedar River in Putnam Township near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Tomlinson moved there in 1862 and briefly took up farming.
He moved to Cleveland, Ohio, later that year and began designing bridges for the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway (LS&MS).
Among the most important of Tomlinson's commissions was the Central Market, an indoor market space located at Ontario Street and Eagle Avenue.
His efforts on behalf of the LS&MS garnered him widespread notice in the railroad industry, and he signed several contracts to build railroad bridges in Indiana.
From 1848 to 1849, he worked for Schulyer Bros., designing and overseing some of the early construction on the Illinois Central Railroad during this time as well.
Tomlinson got word in 1867 that civil engineer Octave Chanute was attempting to build a railroad bridge (the Hannibal Bridge) across the Missouri River at Kansas City, Missouri.
In 1863, officials of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad (CP&A; one of the predecessors of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway), decided to replace the wooden bridge over the Ashtabula River just east of the village of Ashtabula, Ohio with an iron structure.
His construction firm had built the CP&A main line from 1850 to 1852, and Stone had purchased the patent rights to brother-in-law William Howe truss bridge in 1842.
Stone resolved to construct a Howe truss bridge, a commonly used type of railroad bridge, and personally designed the new bridge.
Stone also decided to award the contract for the ironwork to the Cleveland Rolling Mills, an iron and steel company based in Cleveland, Ohio, run by his older brother, Andros Stone.
He had constructed only one all-iron Howe truss bridge before, a high, long railroad bridge over the Ohio and Erie Canal in Cleveland.
He was alarmed when Stone demanded that the bridge be constructed completely of iron, rather than a combination of wood and iron.
When the temporary wooden trestle supporting the new bridge was removed, the bridge buckled where the chords were connected to the deck.
Because the angle blocks were not designed to accommodate the braces, Stone ordered workers to cut away portions of the I-beams to make them fit.
During the repair work, workers inadvertently installed the I-beam braces sideways rather than vertically, weakening the ability of the braces to reinforce the bridge.
Furthermore, in every other joint, the diagonal chords were fitted to the angle blocks using shims rather than tightening the vertical beams and putting the diagonals under compression.
At the ends of the bridge, where Stone used only a single diagonal, only half of the angle block received load.
At 7:30 PM on December 29, 1876, the Ashtabula River bridge collapsed in what came to be known as the Ashtabula River railroad disaster.
The wooden cars burst into flame when their kerosene-fed heating stoves and oil lamps overturned, and rescue personnel made no attempt to extinguish the fire.
The proximate cause of the bridge collapse was the failure of the two angle blocks on the west end of the bridge due to fatigue (caused by bending and shear stress), friction, thrust stress from improperly fitting chords and vertical beams, and low temperatures (which caused the cast iron to become brittle).
There was also extensive evidence that the bridge had been poorly constructed: Vertical beams were not in the correct place, chords were not tied together, the bearings had been improperly laid, and horizontal beams did not meet the angle blocks straight.
Stone categorically denied that there were any design or construction flaws, and blamed the collapse on the derailment of one of the two locomotives pulling the train.
Culminating an almost 17 year effort, the British North America Act confederated the British colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into a new self-governing, autonomous dominion, Canada, on July 1, 1867.
Since the Province of Canada had no fisheries or marine departments, the new dominion government absorbed and amalgamated those from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
Peter Mitchell, the former Premier of the Colony of New Brunswick, was named to the inaugrual Senate of Canada and appointed Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
Mitchell was well-acquainted with Tomlinson's work in New Brunswick, and asked him to join the new Department of Marine and Fisheries.
His duties in regards to new lighthouses were to select sites, visit sites prior to construction, prepare plans and specifications, visit sites during construction, and examine and report on the lighthouses once finished.
Tomlinson initially faced the difficult job of integrating the policies and practices of more than a dozen local, provincial, and regional lighthouse boards into a common code.
This project was especially difficult, as almost no plans for existing lighthouses existed to help inform best practices in lighthouse construction.
The number of lighthouses expanded so rapidly in the first five years of Tomlinson's work that in 1876 the Department of Marine and Fisheries established six regional agencies to take over responsibility for their operation and upkeep.
Among the hundreds of lighthouses designed by Tomlinson, the East End Light and West End Light on Sable Island and Greenly Island are examples of his best work.
During his time with the department, he created standardized designs for wooden bridges and trestles for those portions of the Canadian Pacific Railway being built by the federal government.
In 1882, the department sent Tomlinson to Newcastle upon Tyne in England to supervise the manufacture and prefabrication of the metalwork Cisco Bridge.
The long cantilever truss bridge over the Fraser River, this was the first balanced cantilevered truss bridge in the world to be built with a steel deck.
When others were still erecting bridges primarily from experience and rules of thumb, Tomlinson calculated load limits and strain using advanced mathematics.
Influenced by the Chartist movement, Tomlinson became a socialist in adolescence and continued to advocate for socialist political goals throughout his life.
Rachid has used her popularity to advocate for various causes, such as women's rights, the Arabic language, and breast cancer awareness.
In 2017, she became the Moroccan face of Adidas's global #HeretoCreate ad campaign, before the launch of its flagship store in Casablanca.
The Eurekan orogeny was a Phanerozoic mountain building event that created the Eurekan Fold Belt on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada.
Deformation initiated in the Late Cretaceous, during which time the Sverdrup Basin began to fragment and fold in response to the counterclockwise rotation of Greenland, caused by seafloor spreading in the Canadian Arctic Rift System.
The Eurekan orogeny terminated when seafloor spreading in the Labrador Sea ceased about 33 million years ago during the Oligocene epoch.
The house includes a gable above the entrance, a multi-story three-sided bay window, casement windows, and a hip roof broken by dormers.
Landscape architect Jens Jensen designed the house's grounds, making use of a ravine on the property to instill a sense of privacy.
Al Khor Community, also known as Umm Anaig (), is a gated community on the coast of the Al Khor municipality in Qatar, over from the capital Doha.
It is situated between Al Khor City and the town of Al Thakhira and is exclusive to employees of the LNG industry in nearby Ras Laffan and their families.
The community consists of villas and townhouses which accommodate around 15,000 residents, and contains three schools, a medical center, recreational facilities, a post office and a library.
Richard Kelham Whitelamb also known as 'The Cambridgeshire Dwarf', is said to have been baptised in Wisbech St.Peter, Isle of Ely, England on 29, December 1763.
The Cambridgeshire Baptism record gives the first names as Richard Kellim, year as 1765 and the mother as Susannah and father as Richd.
In 1763 the father was landlord of the Nag's Head Inn, Wisbeach (sic) following a job as 'Drawer' at the nearby Vine and Rose.
In a copy of a 1787 poster in the Wellcome library it was claimed that at the age of 22 he was only 34 inches high and weighed 32 lbs.
He is described as aged 22, Standing by a sedan chair, full face, left hand resting on open door of sedan chair, right hand in pocket.
This portrait may have been made when Whitelamb was 'shown in London' in August, 1787, although he is described in this source as aged 24.
Jerry Jumonville (Jerome Noel Jumonville, 5 December 1941 – 7 December 2019) was a jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll saxophonist, arranger, and composer.
From the Carrollton section of New Orleans, Jumonville was based in Los Angeles for much of the 1960s through the 1980s where he was a busy session musician, before returning to his hometown.
Dylan Blujus (born January 22, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for Utica Comets in the American Hockey League (AHL).
Following his second season with the Battalion in 2011–12, contributing 7 goals and 34 points in 66 games, Blujus was selected by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the second round, 40th overall, in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.
In his fourth and final junior season in 2013–14, moving with the Battalion franchise to North Bay, Blujus recorded 30 points in 50 games from the blueline.
Helping the Battalion reach the OHL finals against the Guelph Storm, he registered a career high 4 goals and 10 post-season points in 22 games.
In his final season under contract with the Lightning in the 2016–17 season, Blujus was limited to just 28 games through injury.
Unable to progress up the depth chart with Tamap Bay, he was not tendered a qualifying offer at the conclusion of his contract, becoming a free agent.
Un-signed over the following summer, Blujus agreed to begin the 2017–18 season in the ECHL, joining the Jacksonville Icemen on October 14, 2017.
In a top-pairing role, Blujus registered 7 points through 21 games before returning to the AHL in securing a professional try-out contract with the Utica Comets, affiliate to the Vancouver Canucks, on December 13, 2017.
Enjoying a successful loan period, contributing with 8 points in 14 games from the blueline, Blujus was signed to an AHL contract for the remainder of the season with Utica on January 17, 2018.
Enjoying a rebound season with the Comets, Blujus was signed to a one-year contract extension with the club on June 7, 2018.
In the 2018–19 season, adding a veteran presence Blujus collected 8 points through 43 games, he agreed to return for his third season with the Comets, signing a one-year contract extension on June 17, 2019.
While Van Bergen had previously designed Prairie School houses in Chicago's western suburbs, the Lanzl House was the first of many Prairie School homes he designed in Highland Park.
Linked fate is a concept in political science which describes the mechanism by which group consciousness leads to political cohesion among members of a social identity group.
It originated in African-American studies, as individuals who perceived their fates as individuals to be highly linked to those of other in-group membersn were posited to be more conscious of the group's interests as whole when making political decisions (such as voting).
Delia Vaccarello (7 October 1960 - 27 September 2019) was an Italian journalist and writer, as well as an activist for LGBT rights.
She conducted lectures regarding journalism in Bologna and Urbino, and edited columns in the national periodical press related to anti-discrimination issues.
From 29 August to 8 September 2007, she was a member of the jury of the first Queer Lion Award at the 64th Venice International Film Festival.
Better Noise Music is the newly re-organized .rock and alternative rock record label founded by Allen Kovac, CEO of 10th Street Entertainment, in 2006.
Previously known as The Eleven Seven Music Group and previously segmented into Eleven Seven, Five Seven and Better Noise Records, but now all the bands are under Better Noise Music.
The label recently announced an expanded alliance with FUGA and was named 2019 Active Rock Label Of The Year For the 2nd Year In A Row.
Kazakhstan has one of the fastest growing economies of all Post-Soviet states, and as a result had its classification changed from a lower-middle income state to and upper-middle income state in 2006.
Because of this, Kazakhstan has begun to rely less on international financing as it had in previous decades; however, Kazakhstan still takes out loans from the world bank, primarily relating to the countries environmental issues.
Upon leaving the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan showed impressive growth due to its governments willingness to accept Market liberalization and widespread banking reforms.
Spearheaded by its booming oil industry, Kazakhstan was able to produce 60% of the GDP of Central Asia while it experienced an average of 10% growth rates from 1996 through 2006.
The rapid growth in the economy has meant that World Bank efforts in Kazakhstan have been primarily focused on fixing issues related to the countries dire environmental issues.
Specifically, early World Bank efforts had focused around replenishing the dried Aral Sea which had been reduced to nearly 10% of its original size since Soviet irrigation projects had begun in the area in the 1960's.
It is in the view of the World Bank that efforts to bring water back to the North Aral Sea have largely been successful thanks to the construction of the Kok-Aral Dam which raised the water levels by 4m.
Along with projects to restore the Aral Sea, early on in Kazakhstan's reemergence post-Soviet Union, the World Bank also invested in infrastructure projects.
World Bank investments in infrastructure in Kazakhstan were primarily loans given to supplement ongoing projects such as the construction of an electricity grid and thousands of Kilometers of planned roads.
The IBRD has had 48 projects in Kazakhstan and has committed more than 8 billion USD to infrastructure, developmental, and environmental projects.
The most recent major project that has been funded by the IBRD was a 1 billion dollar loan given for programmatic development policy financing.
The goal of this major project, contradictory to the World Banks primary goal of environmental reform in Kazakhstan, is to help Kazakhstan reorient its economy so that it is less reliant on the Oil Industry.
It has directly invested in 26 projects worth over 1 billion dollars, and has been an adviser on 5 projects totaling nearly 10 million dollars.
Most recent investment from the IFC have been to financial institutions with the goal of providing support for small enterprise in remote parts of Kazakhstan.
Some recent projects have also targeted Agribusiness, in order to increase the countries food production and decrease its reliance on foreign imports.
MIGA has also given two loans to Kazakhstan, although MIGA does not participate much in the growth of Kazakhstan as its focus is primarily on lower-income developing countries.
MIGA's only involvement in Kazakhstan was two loans of 190 million dollars given to the ATF Bank in Kazakhstan in the effort to alleviate stresses from the Global financial crisis.
Both of these loans aimed to allow the ATF Bank to diversify its portfolio to include more small and medium enterprises.
Overall trends for the economy in Kazakhstan indicate that World Bank efforts to help the development of Kazakhstan have been a net positive for the country.
However, evidence suggests that the World Bank has failed to effectively tackle one of its main goals in Kazakhstan, protecting the environment.
Although efforts to revitalize the Aral Sea have largely been successful, Carbon dioxide emission in the country have rapidly increased since the year 2000.
FazWaz, also known as FazWaz Group is a Property technology company and real estate marketplace based in Thailand offering real estate for sale and rent across greater Southeast Asia, with agency offices operating in all 6 major regions of Thailand: Phuket Province, Bangkok, Ko Samui, Pattaya, Chiang Mai and Hua Hin District.
The website was first launched in 2015 as a data-driven property platform attempting to solve buyers' issues with market transparency and real home values.
The overall aim is to create a space for everyone in the market to gather and compare detailed information, from buyers and sellers to real estate agents and property developers alike.
Over the first few years of operation, FazWaz continued to gather data on additional regions in Thailand, eventually claiming to offer up-to-date data on all homes for sale and rent in Thailand, with current offerings listed as 40,447 total units.
In addition to these data-driven expansions, FazWaz Group also partnered with companies like ThaiVisa, offering a custom property search portal on the ThaiVisa website powered by FazWaz technology.
A network of partnerships with local developers and agencies as well as more-established property companies allowed FazWaz to develop marketing and growth strategies including native site translations in six languages, soft-launches of sister FazWaz sites with offerings in six additional countries in Southeast Asia plus United Arab Emirates, and new-brand sites like BaanThai focusing on capturing other aspects of the Thailand real estate market.
In 2019 FazWaz officially announced its overseas expansion efforts focusing primarily on improving market transparency on homes in Dubai and Vietnam.
A Phuket Property Watch article claims the site saw a 20% rise in organic traffic rankings between the months of December 2018 and January 2019.
Born in Kiev, Rybalko competed on the professional tour during the 1990s and had a career high singles ranking of 239, mostly playing at Challenger level.
Between 1994 and 2000 he was a regular member of the Ukraine Davis Cup team, appearing in a total of 14 ties.
He won six singles rubbers for Ukraine, which included a victory over Norway's Christian Ruud, then ranked 61 in the world.
In his Davis Cup career he also managed to take a set off top 10 player Goran Ivanisevic in 1996 and the following year pushed Tim Henman to five sets.
The evergreen phyllodes have a linear shape and are straight or slightly sickle shaped with a length of and a width of .
The dark green coloured phylloeds are thin and pliable and have an apex that is occasionally uncinate and have six to nine anastomosing veins of which one to three are much more clearly defined than the others.
It is endemic to south eastern parts of Queensland and north eastern parts of New South Wales where it is often found along the margins of rainforest communities.
Frances Bronet is a Canadian architect and academic administrator, currently serving as president of the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York.
Bronet holds three undergraduate degrees from McGill University, a Bachelor of Science in Architecture and professional degrees in architecture and civil engineering.
This town was an important port of call for acquiring sea otter skins in the early years of the maritime fur trade.
Unfortunately the details about Cuneah after Douglas's visit are difficult to trace due to the fragmentary nature of the historic material available.
He describes Cuneah as chief of the whole district in 1795, probably meaning the area of Kaigani Strait and much of the north coast of Graham Island.
By 1811 Kiusta had lost its place of prominence in the fur trade, and Chief Cuneah was either very old or dead.
Though he maintains an online presence and is interviewed by the press about his work, he does not make public appearances; upon winning the Manga Taishō in 2016, the award was accepted by his editor, with Noda delivering an audio-only acceptance speech.
Hallmarks of his work include visual references to pop culture, and narratives that juxtapose gag comedy against violent or dramatic moments.
The men's masters competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 6 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
Buddhivardhak Sabha, also known as Buddhivardhak Hindu Sabha, was an organisation established by Narmad in 1951 at Bombay, India 'to make to grow the intellect' of Hindus.
The women's masters competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 7 and 8 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
Its mouth is at an elevation of 6,050 feet / 1,844 meters, at its confluence with the Rio Grande in Cañon del Rio Grande in Taos County.
Its source is at an elevation of 9,135 feet / 3,017 meters, at at Cisneros Park in the Carson National Forest in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
The earliest record in AVH, SP026354 was collected by Bishop William Williams in 1879 somewhere in the North Island, and for whom Kirk named it.
In 2013, he was invited to Season 5 of the RTV Pink reality show Farma, but later kicked off for hate speech.
Antigonid forces under Antigonus's oldest son, Demetrius, besieged the Seleucid garrison of the city of Babylon under the command of Patrocles.
The defenders launched guerrilla attacks at the young Antigonid's troops, and Patrocles also managed to hold off Demetrius by using the irrigation canals to flood the area.
Before Demetrius arrived, Patrocles ordered an evacuation of civilians from the city, then he withdrew with his troops into Babylon’s two citadels.
In 309 BC Demetrius marched back west with the majority of his army, but left Archelaus, one of his trusted generals, with 6,000 troops and orders to take the remaining citadel.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology.
Mount Cairnes is a mountain summit in the Saint Elias Mountains on the boundary line of Kluane National Park in Yukon, Canada.
The mountain is situated west of Haines Junction, southeast of Kluane Lake, and can be seen from the Alaska Highway midway between the two.
Clive Elmore Cairnes (1892-1954) was active with the Geological Survey of Canada as well as the Geographic Board of Canada until his retirement in 1953.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cairnes is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
He worked at Moscow State for the next three years, but was fired from his position by request of the KGB.
In 1988, Bokov returned to France, and began practicing asceticism, residing in the streets of Paris rather than living in a permanent home.
Albert Fenimore Rockwell (April 8, 1862 - February 16, 1925) was an American inventor, manufacturer, industrialist, and philanthropist who moved to Bristol, Connecticut in the 1880s.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Joe Newland is an American politician and farmer currently serving in the Kansas House of Representatives as the Representative from the 13th House District.
Newland was selected by Republican precinct committee members in July 2019 to fill the vacancy in the House of Representatives caused by the resignation of former Rep. Larry Hibbard.
He was sworn-in on August 12, 2019 and has been assigned by House Speaker Ron Ryckman, Jr. to serve on the House Rural Revitalization, Agriculture and Natural Resources Budget and Agriculture Committees.
The Edward Payson Roe Memorial Park is a public park and hiking trail dedicated to American novelist Edward Payson Roe, located in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York.
Edward Payson Roe spent the final years of his life at his estate, Roelands, in the shadow of Storm King Mountain.
After his wife Anna Paulina had made him a remedy fo his pains, which did not go away, a physician was called to the house.
He was merely 50 years old, and his death was a shock to his family and fans, who were mainly Presbyterians of the American middle class.
At the time of his death, his publishers estimated that over 1,400,000 copies of his novels had been sold in the United States and abroad.
On Memorial Day 1894, May 30th that year, a crowd of Edward's family, friends and fans gathered beneath a boulder in the woods behind his estate.
Dr. Teal of Elizabeth, New Jersey, a good friend of Roe who had began his career as a Presbyterian minister in Cornwall, and William Hamilton Gibson, an illustrator and naturalist.
It is well that you who live in these quiet and peaceful scenes should know what is the wretchedness of some of your fellow beings in the slums of New York.
It is well that your sympathies should be broadened and deepened, and that you should know the sorrow, the struggle that goes on in those less favored homes.
It gives us enjoyment by taking us on its wings and flying with us away from lives which otherwise would be prosaic, dull, commonplace, lives of dull routine and drudgery.
But this also is not the only nor the highest use; God has given us imagination in order that we may have noble ideals set before us, and yet ideals so linked to actual life that they shall become inseparable.
He has given us imagination that we may see what we may hope for, what we may endeavor to achieve that we may be imbued with a nobler inspiration, a higher hope, and a more loving, enduring patience and perseverance.
Romanticism, which uses the imagination only to depict what is for us the unreal and impossible, is not the highest form of fiction.
The park is situated on Boulevard, a somewhat preserved name for the road that traversed along the side of the original property.
Nguyễn Trần Khánh Vân (born 25 February 1995) is a Vietnamese model, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Vietnam 2019.
She attended the Ho Chi Minh City University of Theater and Cinema, where she graduated with a degree in drama and film.
Khánh Vân began participating in more major national pageants this year as well, placing in the top forty in Miss Vietnam 2014, and later the top ten in Miss Universe Vietnam 2015.
After her first stint in Miss Universe Vietnam, Khánh Vân took a brief hiatus from pageantry to focus on modeling and acting.
Vikas Khanna returned as one of the judges for the show while Kunal Kapur and Zorawar Kalra were replaced by Ranveer Brar and Vineet Bhatia.
This season marks Khanna's fifth consecutive season serving as a judge on the show and Brar's second season, who was last seen in the fourth season.
Martine Quinzii (died May 25, 2018) was a French mathematical economist known for her work in financial markets, incomplete markets, macroeconomics, and general equilibrium theory.
Quinzii studied mathematics at the University of Paris VI, earning a master's degree in 1970, an agrégation in mathematics in 1971, and a Master of Advanced Studies in 1972.
She taught in several French universities from 1972 through 1986, and earned a habilitation in 1988, but by 1986 she had already moved to the University of Southern California in the US.
In 1991 she moved to the department of economics at the University of California, Davis and remained there until her retirement in 2016, serving two terms as department chair from 1995 to 1999 and 2006 to 2007.
Quinzii was elected as a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 2000, and as a Fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory in 2011.
Yusupha Ngum and the Affia Band is a band based in Melbourne, Australia, which was founded in 2016 by Gambian singer-songwriter, Yusupha Ngum.
The Affia Band was formed in 2016 as a five-person band, with the initial line-up of Yusupha Ngum on lead vocals, Hiroki Finn Hoshino on double bass and bass guitar, Felix Billington Kleinman on drums, Stephen John Khlentzos on keyboards, and Adam Halliwell on electric guitar.
In addition to the regular band members, guest musicians Luke Koszański joined them on electric guitar, and Boubacar Gaye performed on djembe to record the single and music video.
The single was mixed by Niko Schäuble of Pughouse Studios, and the music video was filmed and directed by Jeff Valledor of Jeffrowz Video Production.
Later in 2018, Daniel Mougerman left and joined funk band The Bamboos, and Matt Steele subsequently joined the Affia Band on keyboards.
In their live performances, guest musician Luke Koszański has sometimes joined the band on stage on electric guitar, and Huich Goh sometimes on violin.
Aysun Aliyeva, (, born July 19, 1997) is an Azerbaijani women's football midfielder currently playing in the Turkis First League for Fatih Vatan Spor with jersey number 14.
She was a member of the Azerbaijan girls' U-17 and women's national U-19 teams before she was admitted to the women's national U-21 team.
Aliyeva played for the women's U-19 team of the Baku-based club Neftçi PFK in the Azerbaijan Women’s U-19 League before she moved to Turkey in November 2016 to join the Turkish Women's First Football League team 1207 Antalyaspor.
İjeoma Queenth Daniels, the Nigerian player of Kireçburnu Spor, got injured in the home match against 1207 Antalyaspor on December 14, 2016.
As she was unable to progress to the bench, Aliyeva took her on humpback and carried the opponent team's player in pain to the bench although she is heavier than herself.
The Delhi Fire Service (DFS) received a call for help around 5:22 a.m. IST and reached the location within five minutes, but their entry to the building was prevented by the intensity of the fire and blockages to the entry points.
Thirty-five fire engines reached the location and extinguished the fire with an estimated 150 firemen involved who were able to rescue 63 people.
The factory was operating in a residential area and according to the local fire chief, the building lacked a proper fire license, and its use as a factory was illegal.
The Delhi Police Crime Branch is investigating the case, and the owner of the building and his manager were arrested on the day of the fire.
Arvind Kejriwal, chief minister of Delhi, announced a compensation of to the next of kin of each person that died and for the injured.
Whereas, Narendra Modi, prime minister of India, also declared a compensation of lakhs rupees for dead and thousand rupees for the injured.
The fire occurred at the plot of a luggage bag factory in the Anaj Mandi area of Central Delhi in the early morning of 8 December 2019.
The residents of the first two floors were able to escape, but those on the third and the fourth floors were trapped, since the fire blocked their exit and the windows had iron grilles over them.
One worker made a phone call to his family from the building and stated that they were trapped by the fire and there was no way to escape.
According to the first responders of the DFS, they had reached the location within five minutes, but their entry to the building was prevented by narrow passageways and the intensity of the fire.
A firefighter stated that the entry from the terrace was blocked by the locked doors, and that the windows had iron grilles.
The lane leading to the main entrance was congested and could only allow the entry of one fire engine at a time.
According to the NDRF deputy commander, the third and fourth floors were filled with smoke and the levels of hazardous carbon monoxide (CO) were found to be very high.
According to fire and police officials, the injured were shifted to Lady Hardinge Hospital, RML Hospital, LNJP Hospital, and Hindu Rao Hospital.
An LNJP Hospital official stated that thirty-four people were brought dead to the hospital, with smoke inhalation being the primary cause of the death.
According to the police, most of the dead were labourers who were sleeping inside the factory and died due to asphyxiation.
A police official added that a large amount of plastic stored in the premises led to smoke after the fire started.
According to the local fire chief, the building lacked a proper fire licence and its use as a factory was illegal.
The Delhi Police filed a case against the two owners of the factory and assigned it to the Crime Branch for investigation.
The owner of the building and his manager were arrested on the same day under IPC sections 304 (culpable homicide not amounting to murder) and 285 (negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter).
The Delhi Fire service had stated that the factory had no fire clearance or permits to operate and was illegal, and that safety equipment was unavailable.
Arvind Kejriwal, the chief minister of state, reached on site to make overall assessment, and announced a compensation of to next of kin of each person that died and for the injured.
Manoj Tiwari, Bharatiya Janta Party state president, announced a compensation of to the next of kin of each person that died and to those who were injured.
Werner, running the fastest time 5K in the U.S. during the winter season, recorded a personal best 15:11.19 during a win at Boston University on December 7.
Werner was recruited to the University of Arkansas for track and cross country in 2016, Werner's first NCAA championship appearance was at the 2016 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships, where she finished 16th.
She qualified for and placed twenty-second in the 5000 m at the 2017 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
Werner was raised in Bloomsdale, Missouri, the sister of Shelby Werner, an NCAA Division II runner at Missouri Southern State Lions.
Aguaje Draw is a valley and a tributary stream of the Little Colorado River in Apache County, Arizona and Valencia County, New Mexico.
The mouth of Aguaje Draw is located at its confluence with Carrizo Wash, a tributary of the Little Colorado River, at an elevation of 5,741 feet / 1,750 meters in Apache County, Arizona.
The archaeological works revealed shallow foundations and the presence of tombs on three levels from 14th century to the early 19th century.
Nergiz Hacıyeva (born 12 April 1991) is an Azerbaijani women's football midfielder currently playing in the Turkis First League for Fatih Vatan Spor with jersey number 13.
Bony is an upcoming Bengali language thriller film directed by Parambrata Chatterjee, and stars Parambrata Chatterjee, Koel Mullick, and Anjan Dutt in lead roles.
The word of the miracle spread, and by March of 1605, funds had been raised to begin construction of this church.
The design of the church is said to have been formulated by local architects based on designs by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (who had died in 1573).
Funds for the construction were also afforded by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese, whose family had become Dukes of Parma and Piacenza, and in 1536 obtained these lands for the Duchy.
The late mannerist or baroque facade stands at the end of a piazza flanked by a series of shops, with broad arched doors.
In the past, these housed businesses selling and servicing pilgrims, as the church was conveniently located on a pilgrimage route to Rome.
The theme is repeated in the second story, with a central image of a descending dove (symbol of the holy spirit), and in the tympanum, God the Father.
The second chapel on the right (Janni) is also decorated in a baroque fashion, with a main altarpiece of a painted 17th century crucifix.
The crossing has a dome erected in 1620 by the architect Giovanni Maria Benazzini; the cupola was frescoed by Giuseppe Bastiani, and depicts the four evangelists.
The music production team consist of a long-term collaborators from Nakamori's debut times, such as a Mitsuo Hagita, siblings Etsuko and Takao Kisugi, Gorō Matsui, Kōji Tamaki (a future member of Anzen Chitai), Tetsuji Hayashi and Ryou Matsuda.
It received multiple awards: Grand Prix in the 10th Nippon Television Music Festival, Yokohama Music Award in the 11th Yokohama Music Festival, Golden Grandprix in International Music Festival from TV Asahi, Best Broadcast Music Award in the 15th Japan Kayou Awards, Most Requested Singer Award in the 17th Japan Cable Award and Kayo Music Award in the 13th FNS Music Festival.
He began working as a camera operator at Columbia in the early 1930s, but it wasn't until the late 1940s that he began getting regular work as a cinematographer.
This background and her years of experience of living and working among immigrants is reflected in her writing (both fiction and non-fiction), which often focuses on the migrant experience.
Her published work includes fiction and non-fiction for adults and children, collections of poetry, short stories broadcast on radio and poems and stories in anthologies such as 4th Floor and Best New Zealand Poems.
In 1990, Jansen was a Winston Churchill Fellow, travelling to Canada and the United Kingdom to look at access to education for disadvantaged groups in those countries.
This was the first full-year, full-time writing course in New Zealand, and it was designed by Jansen to be accessible to all and to encourage diversity and inclusiveness.
She was coordinator of the programme until 1999 and taught fiction and editing as well as writing several online courses until most of the programme was disestablished in 2019.
She has also run creative writing workshops for Māori writers (with Huia Publishers), Pasifika writers (with Creative New Zealand) and in Vanuatu and Indonesia.
There were various historical women named Arsinoe, but from the mid seventeenth-century the name became popular for fictional characters who, like the title-role of this opera, bore no relation to any of them.
Clayton visited Italy and on his return staged a number of Italian singing and dancing interludes for the public at his house in York Buildings in 1703.
The libretto was originally written for the theatre in Bologna by in 1667 and performed in Venice in 1668 with music by Petronio Franceschini.
It was translated into English by Peter Anthony Motteux, who made a number of adaptations to suit the London stage, eliminating one character entirely to reduce the number of singers required to three female and three male.
He also cut the spectacular first two scenes from Stanzani’s version, as these required a male chorus, a ghost, and elaborate stage machinery that Drury Lane did not possess.
It is not certain whether Clayton adapted a collection of popular Italian sings to Motteux’s libretto, or whether he composed the arias himself.
In his introduction to the opera Clayton stated that he had written the work for the purpose of introducing Italian opera to London, and had had the libretto translated to this end.
The fourth performance was staged at court as part of Queen Anne’s fortieth birthday festivities with a special prologue written and pronounced by William Congreve.
Its success was indeed largely due to her: she had been trained in Italian-style singing, and Dieupart secured the role for her with Clayton.
One described how the opening verse began in recitative and then switched to a da capo aria which ended in the middle of a line.
Only with the arrival of the first Italian castrato, Valentino Urbani, in London, in 1707, did the popularity of Italian opera really take off.
Saukkola () is an urban area and district in the city of Lohja and the former administrative centre of the Nummi-Pusula municipality.
Saukkola has a population of 977 inhabitants and is the second largest urban settlement in Lohja after the central urban area.
There is the Landen supermarket, a library, a kindergarten, a home appliance store, a bank, a pharmacy, two hardware stores, two barber saloons, a gym with guided exercise and a dentist.
In his final years, Saukkola was home to Leo Fabritius, who, before his death in 2005, was the last Finnish citizen to survive the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) on the Republic's side.
The oldest of four children, Simpson was born in 1913 in Beijing (then called Peking), China, to Daniel Ammen de Menocal, a banker from an aristocratic Cuban family, and Beatrice (Crosby) de Menocal, a New York socialite.
Simpson was in a 35-year relationship with art dealer Paul Magriel; they lived in separate apartments in the same Manhattan apartment building throughout their relationship and did not marry.
Due to her mother's bipolar disorder/psychosis and the loss of her father who was a functioning alcoholic, she and her siblings were forced to rear themselves.
Madison participated in beauty contests and talent shows at an early age, eventually debuting an original song at her high school graduation.
She abandoned her plans to became a psychologist in order to pursue her musical ambitions, founding the musical group Madison Avenue with her family.
She became the assistant choreographer to Lon Fontaine of Motown, creating routines for artists such as Aretha Franklin, the Temptations, and the Pointer Sisters.
They received positive reviews for their performances at various music festivals: SXSW (2001), Montreux Jazz Festival (2002), North Sea Jazz Festival (2002), and Jazz à Vienne (2004).
Madison became Turner's 14th wife when they married at A Special Memory Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas on October 8, 2006.
Turner filed for divorce two months later on December 22, 2006, but after the divorce was granted they reconciled before his death.
Less than a week after his death, Madison filed a petition stating that he had penned a handwritten will naming her as a beneficiary.
In 2009, a judge ruled that it was invalid and by law his children were the direct heirs of his estate.
John Manwood (by 1524-71), of Sandwich, Kent was an English [[Member of Parliament] for [[Sandwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Sandwich]] in 1571 and [[Mayor of Sandwich]] in 1555-6 and 1559-60.
When used for its meaning as a watering place, aguaje is a geographic locale which can be a spring, a stream, arroyo or other natural water feature or a well that reliably provides water for people and their livestock.
Aguaje in this context, are seen particularly in unpopulated, dry or desert locations within the bounds of the old Spanish Empire in North and South America.
In the United States they are found in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas were most have received new English names often translations of the original Spanish name.
Jian Xin became involved with Buddhism at the age of 15, when she made the resolve to follow the bodhisattva path.
The British Prime Minister calls Sir Adrian Weston, former Deputy Chief of the British Secret Intelligence Service, and asks him to handle a sensitive case.
The computers of the Pentagon, the NSA, and the CIA have been hacked by a young British teenager, Luke Jennings, who was captured in an SAS raid in London.
Weston, an ex-Parachute Regiment soldier-turned-MI6 officer, devised a plan to take advantage of Jennings' skills in the cyberspace domain, in order to cripple using in programs Iran's nuclear program, Russia's intensification programs, and North Korea's nuclear program.
The Slovakia national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national junior basketball team that represents Slovakia in international under-18 and under-19 tournaments.
John Maffey or Massey (fl.1414) of New Romney, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament for New Romney in November 1414.
In differential geometry, the Tait–Kneser theorem states that, if a smooth plane curve has monotonic curvature, then the osculating circles of the curve are disjoint and nested within each other.
This monotonicity cannot happen for a simple closed curve (by the four-vertex theorem, there are at least four vertices where the curvature reaches an extreme point) but for such curves the theorem can be applied to the arcs of the curves between its vertices.
The theorem is named after Peter Tait, who published it in 1896, and Adolf Kneser, who rediscovered it and published it in 1912.
For curves with monotone curvature, the arc length along the evolute between two centers equals the difference in radii of the corresponding circles.
This arc length must be greater than the straight-line distance between the same two centers, so the two circles have centers closer together than the difference of their radii, from which the theorem follows.
Analogous disjointness theorems can be proved for the family of Taylor polynomials of a given smooth function, and for the osculating conics to a given smooth curve.
Masoud Soleimani () is an Iranian who was imprisoned in the United States on October 25, 2018 without being charged until his release from custody in a prisoner swap on December 11 2019 against Xiyue Wang.
Masoud Soleimani travelled to the US were he planned to complete the final stage of his research on treating stroke patients as a visiting scholar at the prestigious Mayo Clinic in Minnesota.
He was arrested on landing in Chicago and prosecutors in Atlanta have accused him and two of his former students of conspiring and attempting to export biological materials from the US to Iran without authorization.
But when she tried to board her plane at the Atlanta airport in September 2016, US border agents searched her luggage and confiscated the growth factors.
Jazayeri had no further contact with US law-enforcement officials until February 2018, when she was again stopped by border agents at the Atlanta airport.
They asked her about the vials they had confiscated in 2016, and Jazayeri said that she had agreed to transport the growth factors to Soleimani as a favour, without knowing that this was prohibited.
Eight months later, on 24 October 2018, a federal grand jury indicted all three scientists under seal — or behind closed doors — on two counts of conspiring to export goods to Iran without authorization.
At the time, Soleimani was en route to the United States to take up a temporary research position at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.
Federal agents arrested him when he arrived in the United States on 25 October, and the government also revoked his visa.
The crime he was charged for would usually result in fine but in this case the imprisonment seemed to be politically motivated.
Mission Estate Winery is New Zealand's oldest surviving winemaking concern, first established in the Hawke's Bay in 1851 by French Catholic Marist missionaries for producing sacramental wine.
Marist missionaries, in order to make sacramental wine, were the first to introduce viticulture to the Hawke's Bay Region, planting the first vineyards in 1851 at the original mission station in Pakowhai.
The mission moved north to Meeanee in 1858, taking its cottage with it using steam-powered traction engines, and subsequently building residence halls, a school, and St Mary's Church (built 1863).
The vines were tended by travelling from Meeanee, however disastrous flooding in 1909 prompted the mission to move its operations to the Taradale location.
The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake caused extensive damage to the region and the mission estate, including the loss of nine lives when the stone chapel was destroyed.
In 2012, Mission Estate purchased of Marlborough vineyards after the 2008 Financial Crisis forced Cape Campbell Wines, the former owner of the land, into receivership.
In 2017, Mission Estate took over ownership of founding Bridge Pa Triangle winery Ngatarawa Wines when its owners, Alwyn and Brian Corban (whose family established the Corbans winery), reached retirement age.
Florent Mols (11 March 1811, Antwerp - 17 January 1896, Antwerp) was a Belgian painter who specialized in landscapes and genre scenes.
His primary art lessons came from Ferdinand de Braekeleer and Mattheus Ignatius van Bree at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts.
In 1838, he travelled to Egypt and the Middle East in the company of the noted art patron, Charles Stier d’Aertselaer (1770-1847).
While in Ankara, he met and befriended his fellow Belgian painter, Jacob Jacobs, and they continued travelling together; taking the Nile as far as Nubia.
After returning through Alexandria, they visited Greece, then crossed to Trieste and made their way through Austria and Germany to Saint Petersburg.
They had four children: Léonie-Marie, who became an art collector and patron, Marie-Clementine, Robert, who also became a painter, and Alexis.
The Slovakia national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national junior basketball team that represents Slovakia in international under-16 and under-17 tournaments.
Chitipa United Football Club are a Malawian football (soccer) club based in Chitipa, Northern Region and currently playing in the TNM Super League, the top division of Malawian football.
Sir John Lisle (1366-1408), of Wootton, Isle of Wight and Thruxton, Hampshire was a Member of Parliament for Hampshire in 1401 and January 1404.
Panthoibi Iratpa or Panthoibi Iraat Thouni Panthoibi Puja is a religious festival of the Manipuri people dedicated to goddess Panthoibi, the goddess of courage, war, bravery and wisdom of Sanamahism.
The goddess Panthoibi is also worshipped as the goddess of same attributes (riding on the tiger) with that of Hindu goddess Durga since 1714 AD during the reign of Emperor Garib Niwaj when he embraced Hinduism as the official religion in the kingdom of Manipur.
The Jaguars, led by 2nd-year head coach Sean Woods, play their home games at the F. G. Clark Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
On 6 December 2019, at least 11 people, including seven police officers, were shot dead on or outside a bus in Kenya.
The Medina Bus Company vehicle and its passengers were attacked on a road in a rural area between Wajir and Mandera in northeastern Kenya.
The terrorist group has previously attacked the suburb of Westlands during the 2013 Westgate shopping mall attack, which left 67 people dead.
In 2015, Al-Shabaab terrorists were involved in mass shooting of Garissa University College students leaving 147 dead and many others injured.
In 2019 two attacks occurred in the same month of each other, including the attack in January 15, 2019 an attack on a hotel in Nairobi which killed 21 individuals.
Gunmen associated with Al-Shabaab killed 11 people including seven Kenya Police officers on a bus traveling through Wargadadud and Kutulu in Wajir, Kenya.
Polyestradiol phosphate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (PEP/MPA) is a combination of polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), an estrogen, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a progestin, which was studied in the 1960s as a long-lasting combined injectable contraceptive for women but was never marketed.
The combination was studied in a sample of 99 premenopausal women and was found to be effective in preventing pregnancy, but caused menstrual irregularities similar to those of MPA alone as a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
As the war flag and traditions of the 32nd Tank Regiment were assigned to the 3rd Galas the 5th Chiamenti was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Silver Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
Port of Pevek (port code RU PWE, ) is a seaport situated on the northern coast of microdistrict Kosa, Pevek, Russia, located in southeastern area of Pevek Strait (Chaun Bay).
On December 6, he was sentenced to three years' probation – lighter than expected – following widespread public support for him.
Before sentencing he made a statement about responsibility and love in Russian society, contrasting these ideals with the Russian government's autocracy and dehumanization of its citizens.
The station is the third largest railway station in the district, apart from the Thiruvannamalai town and the Arani Railway Junction station.
The railway station is well connected to cities like Bangalore, Svandpur, Vellore–Katpadi, Kolkata Howrah, Tirupati, Cuddalore, Pondicherry, Mannargudi, Mayavaram, Kumbakonam, Trichy, Dindigul, Madurai, Chennai Central, Arakkonam and Tiruvallur.
They occupied a promotion place at the end of February, but after a loss of form that saw them win just one of their last seven League matches they finished in fifth place.
In February 1979, West Ham broke the world record transfer fee for a goalkeeper when they signed Phil Parkes from Queens Park Rangers for £565,000.
The Belarus national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national junior basketball team that represents Belarus in international under-18 and under-19 tournaments.
SS1, Petaling Jaya is an inner suburb in Petaling Jaya, one of the biggest cities in Malaysia's most developed state of Selangor.
A small residential area, SS1 has few commercial options to boast of, aside from a shoplot block with five shops consisting of mostly restaurants , a few houses-turned-offices and a petrol station on the same street along Jalan Baiduri (or Jalan SS 1/22).
Though quiet, SS1 residents enjoy some direct access to main road and public transport services, with the inner suburb bordering the Damansara–Puchong Expressway via SS2, which acts a link to Subang Jaya and Puchong to the west and Kuala Lumpur to the east.
Motorists also commonly use SS1 as a means to access the adjacent busier inner suburbs of SS2, SS3 and Section 51A.
Rapid KL and the free-to-use Petaling Jaya City buses also pass through the neighbourhood's main streets on their way to other districts.
He served as President of the Tumour Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1997.
He subsequently went to Romania to study at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, earning an associate doctor degree in 1961.
After returning to China, he worked as a researcher at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and then at the Tumour Institute and Tumour Hospital of the CAMS.
He showed that nitrosamines cause esophagus cancer, and discovered a new carcinogenic nitrosamine, N-3-methylbutyl-N-1-methylacetonylnitrosamine (MAMBNA), isolated from the gastric fluid of cancer patients.
He won the National Science Congress Award in 1978, the State Natural Science Award (Third Class) in 1988, and the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class) in 1996.
The filming period began in the summer of 2019 for the shooting, the Perm Krai and the Moscow Oblast were selected.
The history of the confrontation between two worlds: the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Ural Parma, the ancient Perm lands inhabited by pagans.
At the center of the conflict of civilizations is the fate of the Russian prince Mikhail, who fell in love with the young Tiche, a witch-lamia capable of taking on the form of a lynx.
Passion for the pagan and fidelity to forbidden love, a campaign against the Voguls, bloody battles and a short peace, the battle between Muscovy and Parma, the hero will face trials in which it is not so terrible to part with life as to commit treason.
His wife - Tiche - will be played by Elena Erbakova, an actress from Ulan-Ude, for her this will be a film debut.
The role of Bishop Jonah went to Yevgeny Mironov, and the role of Grand Duke Ivan III will be played by Fyodor Bondarchuk.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Sprint Men started on 1 December 2019 in Östersund and will finished on 20 March 2020 in Oslo.
Sao Nang Sukantha of Kengtung, later known as Sukantha na Chiengmai (; ; 1912 – 15 January 2003), was the wife of Inthanon na Chiengmai.
Sukantha was born at Kengtung Palace, She was the daughter of Sao Kawng Kiao Intaleng and Sao Nang Bodiphlong, his concubine.
Sukantha, a six year old girl, learned to speak Tai Khun and Thai language, Three year laters, She learned to speak Burmese and English.
When she finished school she served as a secretary of her father with Sao Nang Bosawan and Sao Nang Debbakaison, her half-sisters.
She married Inthanon na Chiengmai, the son of Kaeo Nawarat, the ninth monarch of Chiang Mai on 13 February 1932 in the Kengtung Palace.
After his Zurich habilitation on the composer Heinrich Isaac, Staehelin first became director of the Beethoven Archive and Beethoven House in Bonn before being appointed professor of musicology at the University of Göttingen in 1983.
Since that same year he has been a member of the Academia Europaea in London and since 1998 member of the advisory board of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in Berlin.
Aged 17, she became photographic assistant to Alfred Drysdale whose studio was on Lynn Road, Wisbech, she moved to work for John Kennerell at the Borough Studio in York Row, this was taken over by Lawrence Brown.
Days later she opened her own studio at number 4, The Crescent, Wisbech and built a small studio and darkroom in the garden.
In 2014, a photograph of Ream was included into The Army Children of the First World War collection, established by The Army Children Archive (TACA), a project of the Imperial War Museum.
The Michigan Wolverines women's basketball program is a college basketball team that represents the University of Michigan in the Big Ten Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
The book's plot opens after the Gulf War when a government minister approached a British businessman to execute a plan to assassinate Saddam Hussein.
The latter tasked the mission of preparing and executing the job to Security contractor Ed Howard, an ex-Royal Marines and SBS officer.
Howard recruits his men at X.F Security firm, all of them are special forces veterans, including his best friend Mike Ziegler, former officer at the Navy SEALS.
The assassination operation requires the team to deal with Iraqi military on the one hand and successfully evade the US and UK intelligence organizations on the other.
Mobile columns concentrated at Datta Khel, Jandola, Sarwakai and Wana raided Mahsud territory every several weeks, seizing lifestock, taking Mahsud members captive and inflicting heavy casualties.
Ice 2 () is a 2020 Russian sports romantic drama film directed by Zhora Kryzhovnikov, the film takes place after the events told in the original film.
Figure skater Nadya Lapshina and hockey player Sasha Gorin got married and more than anything else they dream of a child.
The script for the tape was again written by Andrey Zolotarev, who worked on the first film, wrote the script for the sequel.
The Belarus national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national junior basketball team that represents Belarus in international under-16 and under-17 tournaments.
After being a member of the National Security Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Assembly, she was appointed by President Edgar Lungu to his cabinet in October 2016 and took over the post of Minister for Vice President Inonge Wina.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Relay Men started on Saturday 7 December, 2019 in Östersund and finished on Saturday 7 March, 2020 in Nové Město.
Every athlete's leg is skied over three laps for a total of , with two shooting rounds: one prone and one standing.
For every round of five targets there are eight bullets available, though the last three can only be single-loaded manually from the spare round holders or from bullets deposited by the athlete into trays or onto the mat at the firing line.
The first-leg participants start all at the same time, and as in cross-country skiing relays, every athlete of a team must touch the team's next-leg participant to perform a valid changeover.
On the first shooting stage of the first leg, the participant must shoot in the lane corresponding to their bib number (bib #10 shoots at lane #10 regardless of their position in the race), then for the remainder of the relay, the athletes shoot at the lane corresponding to the position they arrived (arrive at the range in 5th place, shoot at lane five).
Ibrahim Abdalla Akasha (not to be confused with his son of the same name) was a Kenyan drug lord and patriarch of the Akasha crime family.
Akasha’s father, Abdallah Ibrahim, is said to have moved to Kenya from Ethiopia or Sudan after spending most of his life in Iraq.
It was through his connections and experience in the transport industry that he would carve out a name for himself as the most powerful drug lord in the East African region.
He mainly served as a middleman between Pakistani heroin suppliers on one side and Dutch and Yugoslav gangs on the other, with his base in Mombasa serving as a major town in the smuggling route.
After he was arrested in 2016, his son Baktash, in a series of letters to judge Victor Marrero through his lawyer George Goltzer, would describe Akasha as a violent alcoholic who was feared by the whole family and was abusive to his wives.
While his crime activities in the region went unnoticed for most of the late 1980s and early 1990s, his luck ran out in the mid-1990s.
A year later, another of his sons, Yusuf Abdallah, was arrested in Kenya for sneaking in drugs in a container declared to be carrying drinking straws and bath towels.
He had also gone to seek medical attention for his failing health and settle a business deal with his Dutch associate.
Prior to travelling to The Netherlands, Akasha kidnapped the Yugoslav conduit who had connected him to Klepper and demanded $2.5 million from the Dutchman.
Barsoum’s elder brother, Magdi Barsoum, had organized a meeting between Akasha and the younger Barsoum in his coffee shop in Amsterdam for which he was to act as a mediator between the two.
While walking along Bloedstraat to the meeting on 3rd May 2000 with his Egyptian wife Gazi Hyat, a lone gunman shot at Akasha seven times killing him on the spot.
After his death, his sons Baktash and Ibrahim carried on with the drug trade until 2018 when they were arrested and extradited to the U.S for trial on drug trafficking charges.
Lewin Louis Aronsohn (18 October 1850 – 1928) was a German banker and liberal politician, a member of the regional parliament of the Province of Posen (Poznań), the Prussian House of Representatives and the Prussian Constitutional Assembly.
Aronsohn was born in Wissek, Prussian Province of Posen (Wysoka, Poland), he moved to Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), where he co-founded the Bromberg Ship Towing Society and the M. Stadthagen Bank.
He became a municipal councillor (1878–1890), member of the magistrate of Bromberg (1890–1918) and headed the Jewish community from 1881 on.
In 1903 he was elected a member of the Prussian House of Representatives for the Free-minded People’s Party, he later joined the Progressive People's Party.
He criticized the policy of the Prussian Settlement Commission, which bought Polish estates in the Provinces of Posen and West Prussia because this, from his point of view, provided Poles the financial means to settle in towns.
In April 1914 he unsuccessfully suggested to use a restrictive clause for the government aid of home ownership in order to exclude Poles from the funding.
In the first decade of the 20th century he supervised a number of important infrastructural projects and controlled the municipal tax administration, gasworks, market, slaughterhouse, water tower, locks, and real estate market.
He was a member of the Riflemen’s Association, the Historical Society of the Netze District, and the German Society of Arts and Sciences.
Aronsohn financed the Kaiser Wilhelm I monument and the Archer, a sculpture which he unveiled on his 60th birthday and has become one of the symbols of Bydgoszcz.
Reece Willcox (born March 20, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who currently plays for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
The Bulgaria national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national representative for Bulgaria in international under-18 and under-19 (under age 19 and under age 18) basketball tournaments.
Bulgaria competed at the 2011 FIBA U18 European Championship Division B, and won their first gold medal at the tournament overall.
Bagan or bagang is a fishing instrument (lift net) that uses nets and lights so that it can be used for light fishing, originating from Indonesia.
Bagan is floated out to the sea to catch fishes, squids, and shrimps, and remain in the sea for several days or even months.
Earlier light fishing in the archipelago may have appeared with the emergence of acetylene lamps in the early years of the 20th century.
Then in a relatively short period of time it has been known almost throughout the Indonesian fishing area and in its development has undergone changes in shape.
The nets are generally 9 x 9 m wide, with 0.5 - 1 cm mesh, made of cotton or nylon yarn.
Catching with a bagan is only done at night (light fishing), especially on the dark moon phase by using lights as fishing aids.
On the dark phases of the moon, lights are turned on since sunset and placed at a distance of ± 1 m above the water surface.
When a large number of fish have gathered, the net is lifted and the process is repeated until it gets the desired results.
On either side below the shack is placed a raft and bamboo as the base (foundation) of the shack as well as a floating device.
Compared to a raft bagan, the shape of the boat bagan is simpler and lighter making it easier to move to the desired place.
This boat bagan consists of two boats which are connected at the front and back by two bamboo sticks so that a square is formed as a place to hang the net.
While the other types were towed to the sea, sailing bagan has its own rudder and sail and generally is a boat with platform.
They are usually a larger version of local boats and canoes, for example those from West Sulawesi has a hull similar to Mandarese sandeq.
The others are beautiful with slender boards and beautiful bow and stern like a sapa (sope), while some others doesn't have the sapa's bow.
Majority of sailing bagang is steered using large central rudder placed vertically, only few had side (quarter) rudders, but in practice the sail has more effect than the rudders.
The North Macedonia national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national junior basketball team that represents North Macedonia in international under-18 and under-19 (under age 19 and under age 18) tournaments.
The team is controlled by the Basketball Federation of North Macedonia, and competes at the FIBA U18 European Championship, with the opportunity to qualify for the FIBA Under-19 World Cup.
After graduating Kabulonga Girls secondary school in 1988, she commences her studies at the University of Zambia where she studied medicine.
After two years, she left the University and began working at Zambian Television and Radio (ZNBC), then went back to university to study mass communication, while still employed at ZNBC.
In 2001, she was approached by the Movement for Multiparty Democracy to run for the National Assembly, which she did in Petauke.
She was not successful and was transferred to the Zambian embassy in Cairo working for the deputy ambassador and was mainly devoted to trade relations.
On 14 February 2018, she was appointed by president Edgar Chagwa Lungu to become the Minister of information and subsequently the chief government spokesperson.
have become a rarity in today’s world, but Adam Dorn’s impressive effort has resulted in a superb creation than transcends the limitations of an album.
The editorial staff of AllMusic Guide gave the album four out of five stars, with reviewer Joshua Glazer positively positioning the release in jazz history, with its varied references to bop and previous attempts to sample dead musicians on new compositions.
The North Macedonia national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national junior basketball team that represents North Macedonia in international under-16 and under-17 (under age 17 and under age 16) tournaments.
The team is controlled by the Basketball Federation of North Macedonia, and competes at the FIBA U16 European Championship, with the opportunity to qualify for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup.
He has presented his work at prestigious theatres such as the Royal Court Theatre in London and the Schaubuhne Theatre in Berlin.
The name of this municipality is derived from the name of the famous religious place Badimalika Mai located in Triveni Municipality of this district.
It is the least populated municipality among other municipalities of Bajura district, while it is the largest municipality on the basis of area.
It has Budhinanda Municipality in the East, Gaumul Rural Municipality, Chhededaha Rural Municipality and Budhiganga Municipality in the West, Budhinanda Municipality in the North while Triveni Municipality in the South.
Alena Fomina and Valentina Ivakhnenko were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Georgina García Pérez and Sara Sorribes Tormo.
Prospect Hill is a small town in the southern Adelaide Hills of South Australia, Its major industries are forestry in Kuitpo Forest and dairy farming.
Lichtblau studied after his Abitur 1946 and after an apprenticeship as a carpenter with Egon Eiermann at the Technical University of Karlsruhe as well as with Robert Vorhoelzer, Martin Elsaesser, Hermann Leitenstorfer and Hans Döllgast at the Technical University of Munich.
Subsequently he established a number of Protestant churches in Upper Bavaria and from 1962 also in Würzburg, Coburg, Erlangen, Augsburg, Bamberg and Kempten.
In partnership with Ludwig J. N. Bauer (1929-2003), social buildings, kindergartens, student residences, facilities for the disabled, old people's and nursing homes, residential buildings, city extensions as well as industrial and commercial buildings were also built.
In addition to Olaf Andreas Gulbransson, Gustav Gsaenger and Reinhard Riemerschmid, who died at an early age, Lichtblau had a decisive influence on Protestant church architecture in Bavaria in the second half of the 20th century.
Yamani has translated numerous Spanish-language writers into Arabic, among them José Ángel Valente, Rubén Darío, César Vallejo, Adolfo Bioy Casares, Miguel Casado, Rosendo Tello, Ángel Guinda, Agustín Porras, and Roberto Bolaño.
In 2010, he was named as one of the Beirut39, a selection of the best young writers in the Arab world.
In Morocco, the term is particularly applied to the descendants of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, to distinguish them from the Idrisid dynasty, which is also of Hasanid descent.
The Moroccan Hasanids proper have produced two dynasties, the Saadi dynasty and the Alaouite dynasty, which still reigns over the country.
The Lichtenberg Medal (German: Lichtenberg-Medaille) is the highest award of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, which it established in memory of the Göttingen scholar Georg Christoph Lichtenberg.
Vukatana joined the senior team of Vllaznia Shkodër at age 16 and won 2 league titles and three domestic cups with the club.
He made his debut for Albania in a September 1982 European Championship qualification match away against Austria and earned a total of 8 caps, scoring no goals.
After attending in Stockholm, and upon completing a degree in electroacoustic composition at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, Arkbro studied just intonation under the tutelage of LaMonte Young, Marian Zazeela and Jung Hee Choi in New York and Marc Sabat in Berlin.
The station is owned and operated by SNCF, in the TER Grand Est regional rail network and is served by TER trains.
The train station was opened by the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est on September 24, 1863 along with the section from Épinal to Aillevillers.
It was formed in March, 2017 as decided by the Cabinet in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015, recommended by the Local Bodies Restructuring Commission (LBRC).
The formation specializes as airborne forces and air assault troops, being intended to conduct assault operations from either aircraft or helicopters at a high state of readiness.
The 6th Airborne Brigade derives its traditions from the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade, whose commander was Brigadier General Stanisław Sosabowski, today the patron of the unit.
The unit's direct lineage comes directly from the 6th Infantry Division which was reformed in 1957 into the 6th Pomeranian Airborne Division, which in turn was reformed in 1986 into the 6th Pomeranian Airborne Brigade.
The 6th Airborne Brigade serves as the Polish Army's air-mobile unit ready to conduct operations at a high state of readiness.
In this role, the brigade can launch surprise raids to capture strategic targets such as bridges, airports and other positions deep behind enemy lines and maintain their position until being relieved by friendly ground forces.
These include conducting the evacuation of non-military personnel from hostile environments, supporting Polish Special Forces operations, and taking part in peace keeping missions with the UN and other organisations.
The command battalion provides command and control for the brigade and also provides a reconnaissance company, a company of sappers, and an anti-aircraft battery.
The airborne battalions consists of: a command company, 3 rifle companies, a mortar company, a logistics company and a medical support team.
The Czech Republic national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the national representative for the Czech Republic in international under-18 and under-19 basketball competitions.
Bhagabat Prasad Mohanty (27 November 1929 – 8 December 2019) was an Indian politician and lawyer from Odisha belonging to Indian National Congress.
He was elected as a legislator of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Kendrapara in 1971 as a Praja Socialist Party candidate.
He was elected as a legislator of the Odisha Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1985 and 1995.
The Amateur First Division () comprises a number of football leagues that make up the seventh tier of the Turkish football league system.
The Amateur Second Division () comprises a number of football leagues that make up the eighth and lowest tier of the Turkish football league system.
The Göppingen Gö 8 was a 1/5 scale model of the Dornier Do 214, a large projected trans-atlantic long-range flying boat, designed by Dornier Werke GmbH in Germany during World War II.
Zombie Dog is a domesticated canine infected with the T-Virus through its secondary method, namely the ingestion of infected food or organisms.
), while zombie dogs are viewed and treated as unintended side-effects of t-Virus dispersal and are thus classified as irregular mutants.
In most cases, potential prey should listen for the sound of padding paws as a clue to their presence, with a growling warning that it has become aware of the player and is preparing to attack.
Akin to the canine related T-Virus mutation is a general necrosis in their left eye orbit, leaving their left eye visible bulge out of their otherwise savage but proportional facade, making for a more fearsome appearance.
The reason for the frequency in Dobermans being found infected was due to Chief Brian Irons' suggestion to the K9 unit that the breed be used as the police dog for the Raccoon Police Department.
It was opened on 10 November 1989 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Los Dos Caminos to Palo Verde.
Lastlings are an electronic pop band from Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia made up of brother and sister duo Amy and Josh Dowdle.
The project began while Amy was in high school; at the time Josh was studying biomedical science and working in fashion, from the age of 8 he studied classical music.
In 2017 Lastlings embarked on an Australian regional tour with Rüfüs Du Sol, they joined the band nationally in 2019 before supporting them throughout the United States.
He was a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali through Ali Zayn al-Abidin, who had settled in Medina after Husayn's death in the Battle of Karbala.
There the Husaynids had become the most prominent local family, and in the early 10th century, some of them had migrated to Egypt.
The latter, known as Akhu Muslim, was a proud and haughty man, but apparently possessed some military ability, as he was entrusted with commanding an army and gubernatorial office by the Ikhshidid strongman Abu'l-Misk Kafur.
It was likewise his intervention with Ibn al-Furat that secured the release of Ibn al-Furat's rival Ya'qub ibn Killis, while in February 969, his intercession secured the release of Ibn al-Furat, who had been imprisoned by al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj.
When al-Mu'izz moved his court from Ifriqiya to Egypt in 973, Abu Ja'far went to Alexandria at the head of a delegation of notables to meet and accompany him during the last part of his journey to Cairo.
The Fatimid ruler showed particular care for Abu Ja'far, insisting that he ride a palanquin, since the hot June sun and the ongoing Ramadan fast made travel difficult for a man of his years.
During the mobilization to save the capital from the Qarmatians, however, when the entire male population was called to arms, al-Mu'izz made an exception for Abu Ja'far.
It is one of four traditional breeds of the region, the others being the Can de Palleiro, the Guicho or Quisquelo, and the Podengo Galego.
The Perdigueiro Galego, along with a number of regional pointers such as the Old Spanish Pointer, the Portuguese Pointer, the Pachón Navarro, the Braque Français, descends from early Italian Braccos imported into North-West Iberia and South-West France several centuries ago, all developing into distinct types according with the preferences and requirements of local sportsmen.
The Perdigueiro Galego was most commonly found in the municipalities of A Mezquita, Viana do Bolo, Riós, Laza and A Veiga in the Galician Province of Ourense.
From the 1970s foreign breeds of pointer became available to Spanish hunters and numbers of the Perdigueiro Galego went into decline, this was compounded by a decline in partridge numbers throughout the Galician Massif.
To prevent the extinction of the breed, the best specimens still available were located and recorded, particularly from the provinces of Ourense and Lugo.
The Perdigueiro Galego is a medium sized breed of pointer, it weighs between and stands between , dogs are typically larger than bitches.
The breed has a short dense coat, it can be spotted or mottled bicoloured or tricoloured with any of chestnut, orange, cinnamon and black on white, solid brown, yellow or black examples are also found.
The breed is a versatile pointing breed in that it is used to hunt, point and retrieve game once shot by the hunter.
The Perdigueiro Galego is used predominantly to hunt game birds, in particular partridge, quail and woodcock, although it is also used to hunt small ground game such as hare and rabbit.
The Czech Republic national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national representative for the Czech Republic in international under-16 and under-17 basketball competitions.
The cemetery's Louisa Howard Chapel is available for rent, and is frequently used for marriage ceremonies, funerals, memorial services, music recitals, and other functions.
The city government's management of the cemetery is aided by the Friends of Lakeview Cemetery, a group formed in the early 1990s to plan improvements to the cemetery buildings and grounds and raise money to carry them out.
Lakeview Cemetery was established in 1867 when the city of Burlington purchased 23 acres of land from H. B. Sawyer for $3,500 (about $65,000 in 2019).
Located at what was then the outskirts of the city and situated near the end of the city's trolley car line, Lakeview included many of the attributes of a park.
Its narrow, meandering roads, benches, and specimen trees helped make it an outdoor destination for city dwellers, who visited for picnics and other activities.
The Louisa Howard Chapel fell into disuse during the 1940s, but in the 1990s a group of interested individuals formed Friends of Lakeview Cemetery, which raised funds to refurbish it.
Other improvements and restorations undertaken by Friends of Lakeview Cemetery include construction of a new gazebo in 2010 to replace an original that had fallen into disrepair.
The new cedar wood gazebo was crafted by hand in the 19th Century Adirondack Architecture style so that it resembled the original.
In 2014, Friends of Lakeview Cemetery completed restoration of the fountains, using the remnants of the originals and a photo from a vintage postcard for reference.
Burials at Lakeview Cemetery include veterans of every major conflict since the American Civil War, including several members of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, a Union Army regiment of African American soldiers and white officers.
Several soldiers who served at nearby Fort Ethan Allen in the late 1800s and early 1900s are buried at Lakeview, including members of the famed 10th Cavalry Regiment (Buffalo Soldiers).
She received her commercial pilot license from FAA in 2013, which she converted to Saudi General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) license and became the First Commercial Airline Pilot in 2019.
She completed her studies in the US and having clocked 300 hours of flying practice, she was granted a Commercial Pilot License on 13 May, 2013.
For the next few years, Yasmeen Al Maimani searched for a job as a commercial pilot in Saudi Arabia but was refused owing to being a woman.
In 2018, Saudi Arabia announced a shift in policy pertaining to its aviation sector by hiring women to serve as cabin crew and permitting enrollment of women in flight schools.
Soon after, when Nesma Airlines made known their intention to recruit co-pilots, Yasmeen Al Maimani applied along with more than 50 candidates.
Next, the new recruits underwent ground training in Ha'il on an ATR 72-600 aircraft at the Nesma Aviation Training Center, and, finally they concluded the training program with simulation on an ATR 72-600 in Jakarta and Madrid.
Her first official flight as a commercial pilot took place on June 09,2019 between Ha'il Regional Airport and Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz International Airport in Qaseem and between Ha'il Regional Airport and Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Airport in Tabuk.
Noteworthy among the congratulatory messages was one tweeted by Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud, the first woman Saudi Ambassador to the US.
The son of Peter Mahon, Dean of Elphin from 1700 to 1739, he was born in County Roscommon and educated at Trinity College, Dublin.
Located in Strathspey at a height of about above sea level, Lynbreck Croft was purchased by Cassells and Baer in 2016.
They have planted up to 30,000 trees on the croft and as of 2019 they have nine Highland cattle, 70 laying hens, 12 rare breed Oxford Sandy and Black pigs and 6 beehives.
In 2018 they won Best Crofting Newcomer awarded by the Scottish Crofting Federation at the Spirit of Crofting Festival and the Cairngorms Nature Farm Award awarded by the Cairngorms National Park Authority.
In 2019 they also won the Nature of Scotland Food and Farming Award, sponsored by The James Hutton Institute and were the UK winners of the Newbie award for innovative new entrants.
The Bereznegovatoye–Snigirevka Offensive () was an offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II by the Red Army's 3rd Ukrainian Front against the German 6th Army in the area to the east of Mykolaiv in southern Ukraine between 6 and 18 March 1944.
After the German 6th Army had given up its last eastern Dniepr bridgehead at Nikopol and had been beaten in the Nikopol–Krivoi Rog Offensive in Februari 1944, it retreated behind the Inhulets River.
On the night of March 3, the 8th Guards Army launched a surprise attack and reached the opposite bank, west of Shyroke.
Based on this success, the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, Army General Rodion Malinovsky, decided to make a front breakthrough via Novyi Buh with the 8th Guards Army and the 46th Army.
Lieutenant General Issa Pliyev and his Cavalry mechanized group was to proceed via Novyi Buh in the rear of the German front and cut off all enemy units in the area east of Nikolayev.
The 23rd Tank Corps, with 102 tanks and 16 self-propelled guns under command of General Pushkin, of the Soviet 46th Army (Lieutenant General Vasily Glagolev) was to spearhead the attack.
Pliyev's troops invaded Novyi Buh from several directions despite bad weather conditions on the morning of March 8: parts of the 9th Guards Cavalry Division (Major General Tutarinov) from the East, the 4th Guards Mechanized Corps and the 30th Cavalry Division (Major General Golovskoj) from the south and southwest.
Troops of the Soviet 6th Army (Lieutenant-General Ivan Shlemin), the 5th Shock Army (General Vyacheslav Tsvetayev) and the 28th Army (Lieutenant-General Aleksei Grechkin), deployed on the southern wing, simultaneously carried out attacks on the right wing (LXXII and XXXXIV Army Corps) of the 6th Army.
On March 11 and 12, the 49th Guards Rifle Division (Colonel Vasily Margelov) and the 295th Rifle Division (Colonel Alexander Dorofeyev) of the 28th Army, crossed the Dniepr at Kakhovka and set up bridgeheads on the other bank.
The 37th Rifle Corps (Maj. Gen. Sergei F. Gorochov) of the 5th Shock Army, advancing from the east on Snigirevka, was still too far to help in the encirclement.
On March 13, the 6th Army commander Colonel-General Karl-Adolf Hollidt ordered the trapped troops to immediately break out to the west.
During the pursuit of the retreating enemy, the Dolynska Railway Junction was occupied on 12 March, and the Bobrynets Road Junction on 16 March.
During the night of March 18 to 19, 1944, the 394th Rifle Division of the 46th Army had crossed the Southern Bug and was able to form a bridgehead on the western bank.
To the left, the 8th Guards Army reached the western bank of the river south of Nova Odesa and prepared the attack on Odessa.
Only on March 24, the 37th Army was able to free the city of Voznesensk and create another bridgehead on the western bank of the Southern Bug River.
The 16th Panzer Grenadier Division lost two thirds of its strength, the 9th Panzer Division, the 15th, the 294th, the 302st, the 304th and the 335th Infantry Divisions lost 50% of their strength and almost all their heavy material.
The Salonika Incident was a major diplomatic incident that broke out on 6 May 1876 after a mob murdered the consuls of France and Germany in Thessaloniki (then known as Salonika), Jules Moulin and Henry Abbott.
After young woman of Bulgarian-Greek and Christian origin attempted to convert to Islam to marry a Turk against the will of her family, she was detained by the US Consul at Thessaloniki.
In the 1820s, a number of incidents leading to the death of Christians occurred in the Ottoman Empire, notably the Constantinople massacre of 1821, marking the European opinion.
The declining Ottoman Empire was also relying more and more on European investment and loans even for daily expenditure, which the European public opinion resented as it was perceived that the funds were squandered in inefficient projects and in corruption, contributing to the poor image of the Empire.
Stephana, from Bogdanitsa, near Gevgelija, was of Greek and Christian heritage, but had converted to Islam against the will of her family.
Stephana associated with a neighbouring Turkish and Muslim family, which took her in their home and proposed to bring her to Thessaloniki in order to complete administrative paperwork that would officially enact her conversion to Islam.
To do so, Ottoman law required the convert to appear before a local council and testify that they were embracing Islam freely, as a sane adult and without coercion.
The Turks gave Stephana a traditional attire, comprising a full coat and a veil, and brought her to Gevgelija where she would take the train to Thessaloniki.
When the train stopped at Karasuli, Stephana's mother Maria was there and recognised her daughter, whom she tried to convince not to follow through with her conversion to Islam.
As Stephana asked policemen to escort her to the governor's residence, her mother called for help from Christian bystanders; as the day was a Greek holiday, a 150-strong group of Christians happened to be at the station, including George Abbott, and they attacked Stephana's companions.
As rumours ran wild, people grew restless, prompting the Chief of Police, Colonel Salim Bey, to call for the crowd to calm down and disperse.
The authorities attempted bring calm by claiming that Stephana would be freed shortly, but as the hours passed and the Governor remained empty-handed, the crowd turned into an angry mob, with calls for marching on the US Consulate and free Stephana by force.
Around 15:00 on 6 May, the consuls of France and Germany, Abbott and Moulin, learned of the commotion in the city.
They decided to go to the governor, Mehmed Refet Pasha, either to further negotiate about the conversion of Stephana or to assess the situation on the ground.
Abbott and Moulin found themselves surrounded by the mob, and taken to a building adjacent to a mosque, where they found a precarious refuge from the crowd, and the very relative protection of a handful of policemen.
Abbott then wrote a letter to Hajji Lazzaro, urging him to release Stephana immediately, but the mob stopped the messenger and destroyed the letter.
Blunt, learning of the ongoing incident, sent a message of his own to Abbott's brothers, and rushed to the scene of the incident.
There, witnessing the severity of the situation, he write another message to Hajji Lazzaro, also urging him to lead Stephana to the mosque.
After three quarters on an hour, the mob started breaking into the room where the consuls where surrounded, by dislodging the iron bars that protected the windows.
The crowd invaded the building, broke into the room and lynched Abbott and Moulin with these very iron bars, in front of Mehmed Refet Pasha, Salim Bey and a few policemen, who were helpless in protecting the consuls.
The mob thus ceased to threaten the Christian quarters of the city, and allowed the Pasha to extend his protection to Hajji Lazzaro.
Blunt telegraphed the news of the incident and of the murders to the British embassy in Constantinople and, warning that the local authorities did not have the necessary forces to maintain order, requested the protection of the Royal Navy.
The governments of Europe instrumentalised the incident to embarrass the Ottoman Empire, issuing an ultimatum demanding improvements in the security of foreigners, as well as harsh and swift punishment for those responsible.
Chelsea has performed at a range of Australian music festivals including: Listen Out (festival), Field Day (Sydney festival), Yours and Owls and Splendour in the Grass.
It explored the role of 500 Mahar dalit soldiers of the East India Company in the Battle of Koregaon on 1 January 1818 against Maratha Peshwa rulers.
For producing this documentary, Somnath Waghamare used Crowdfunding as he was still a PhD student at Tata Institute of Social Sciences.
Rauso was the name of a proto-Somali kingdom which existed during much of the 1st millennium in the modern-day Dollo Zone.
British Anglican priest William Vincent described the region of Rauso as stretching westwards from Aromata all the way to the hinterlands of the hitherto prospective Adal Kingdom.
It was bordered to the south by various Horner and cushitic tribal groupings such as the Northern Azanians, the Ormas, the Bazrangids, the Tunni, Gabooye and various other Lowland East Cushites.
Lajos Kada (16 November 1924 – 26 November 2001) was an Hungarian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent most of his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, serving also in the Roman Curia.
He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1957 and worked in the diplomatic missions in Pakistan, Scandinavia (based in Denmark), Germany (Bonn), and Argentina.
He was working at the Pontifical Council Cor Unum when, on 20 June 1975, Pope Paul VI named him a titular archbishop and Apostolic Nuncio to Costa Rica.
On 8 April 1984, Pope John Paul moved him to the Roman Curia, naming him Secretary of the Congregation of the Sacraments.
On 22 September 1995, Pope John Paul named him Apostolic Nuncio to Spain, to which he added, on 8 March 1996, the responsibilities of Apostolic Nuncio to Andorra.
His tenure in Spain was marked by disputes with the government about religious education and church finances; he made his hostility to Catalan nationalism clear as well.
Khedivate's Somali Coast was a short-lived dominion of the Khedivate of Egypt over a few ports of the northern Somali coast.
It came about when in 1974 Isma'il Pasha ordered the dispatch of two warships and three Khedival line ships towards the northern Somali coast.
Ten years later, due to an internal rebellion in the Egyptian khedivate's mainland territories, it was forced to abandon their Somali territories in 1884, when Britain began to take over these ports.
Controversies which existed during Egyptian administration included the payment of port duties by the Khedivate towards the Ottomans, the inspection of the status of slave trade, and the denarcation of territory between themselves and the French Somali Coast as well as the Abyssinian towards the west.
Son debuted as an actress in the small screen under the name Lee Yoo-na in the 2004 SBS TV series '.
In 2012, Son changed her name from Lee Yoo-na to Son Se-bin, and appeared on the film ' using her new name.
In 2016, Son signed an exclusive modeling contract with YGKPlus, and participated in 2017 as a runway model at the 2018 S/S Seoul Fashion Week for Moon Jung-wook's brand, Nineteeneighty, collection.
Pilling signed a new one-year contract with Tranmere following the club's promotion to League One at the end of the 2018–19 season.
Pilling made his Football League debut on 7 December 2019 as a first half substitute in place of injured starting goalkeeper Scott Davies during a 1–1 draw with Accrington Stanley.
After making his debut for the side in the tournament opener against Ivory Coast, Pilling played in Wales' remaining group matches against France and Bahrain as they were eliminated in the group stage.
During his career, he starred in Iceland where he was a three-time Úrvalsdeild Foreign Player of the Year and led Valur to both the national championship and the Icelandic Cup in 1980 and 1983.
Dwyer played for Monte Vista High School in Whittier, California, then junior college basketball for Rio Hondo College, where he averaged 19 points and 10 rebounds per game in his sophomore season.
He debuted with the team in the annual Reykjavík Basketball Tournament where he scored 19 points in Valur's 100-84 victory against Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur.
Following the season, where he averaged 27.3 points per game in 19 games, he was named the Úrvalsdeild Foreign Player of the Year.
After some uncertainty of his return due to his financial demands, Dwyer eventually resigned with Valur prior to the 1979-80 season.
On 17 March 1980, he helped Valur to its first national championship after scoring 28 points in the teams 100-93 victory against defending champions KR in the last game of the season.
In 20 games, he averaged 29.4 points, finishing second in scoring in the league behind Trent Smock's 34.6 points per game.
Valur won the hard fought game, 105-103, after Kristján Ágústsson scored the game winning basket from just inside center court with 2 seconds left of the game.
After two seasons with Valur, Dwyer signed on in France as a player-coach before returning to his home state of California.
In July 1982, Dwyer returned to Valur as a player-coach prior to the 1982–83 season which he announced would be his last.
In September, he led Valur to the pre-season Reykjavík Basketball Tournament title, scoring 22 points in Valur's 84-77 victory against Fram.
On 21 March 1983, he led Valur to its second national championship after scoring 16 points in Valur's 88-87 victory against second-placed Keflavík.
The game had a controversial ending after the referee Sigurður Valur Halldórsson called a three second violation on Keflavík's Brad Miley as he went up for a shot where Dwyer appearently fouled him with few seconds remaining of the game.
Three days later, on 24 March, Dwyer scored 9 points but fouled out in the beginning of the second half of Valur's 78-75 victory against ÍR in the Icelandic cup finals.
In February 1979, Dwyer was hired as the head coach of the Icelandic men's national basketball team ahead of its games against Scotland and Denmark.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Interbank Consortium (abbreviated as SCO IBC) is a platform for joint financing of development projects by members and other participants of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
China Development Bank, one of the two main policy banks supporting the Belt and Road Initiative, had by the end of 2017 loaned $7.69 billion and 3.34 billion yuan to member banks of the SCO Interbank Consortium.
At the 2018 SCO summit in Qingdao, Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged to set up a 30 billion yuan ($4.69 billion) for a special lending facility within the framework of the SCO Interbank Consortium.
Since 2010, China has sought to expand financial cooperation under the auspices of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation by setting up the bank.
Russia however has shown skepticism to the bank and in general has prioritized security cooperation within the SCO rather than economic projects.
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was established in 2015 and has substituted the proposed role of the SCO Development Bank to fund infrastructure projects in the region.
Pakistani Prime Minister Khan at the 2019 SCO Summit called for the bank and an SCO development fund to be expeditiously created.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Don Juan is a 1950 Spanish romantic adventure film directed by José Luis Sáenz de Heredia and starring Antonio Vilar, Annabella and María Rosa Salgado.
The waterskiing competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held at Deca Wakeboard Park from 6 to 8 December 2019.
Thurinjikuppam Village, with a population of 2993, is the 36th most populous village in the Polur Taluk, which is the India's Tamil Nadu Thiruvannamalai District Polur The circle is located in the Polur circle.
Hilwie Johma Hamdon (1905 - 1988) was a Muslim woman from Edmonton, Alberta, who organized support and funding to build the first mosque in Canada, the Al-Rashid Mosque.
She married Ali Hamdon and they immigrated to Canada, settling first in Alberta, where they established a fur trading business in Fort Chipewyan.
By 1931, there were nearly 700 muslims living in Canada, many coming from the region of Syria and Lebanon, which was going through upheaval after the fall of the Ottoman empire.
Hamdon approached the mayor to request that the city provide land for the proposed mosque, and assured him that the muslim community would be able to find the funds to complete the project.
She then led the effort to raise the funds, working with a group of women to solicit donations from the Muslim community in Edmonton, Alberta and Saskatchewan.
They raised the $5,000 needed to build the mosque, and in 1938, the Al-Rashid mosque, the first to be built in Canada, was opened.
The 45th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA), honored the best in film for 2019.
Mrs Caldicot's Cabbage War is the first novel in the eponymous series of books about Thelma Caldicot, by British author, Vernon Coleman, first published in 1993.
His widow finds herself liberated by his death and is beginning to live her own life when her son tells her that he is putting her into a nursing home.
He claims this is ‘for her own good’ but it soon becomes clear that he simply wants to sell the family home.
Unwilling to allow herself to be bullied yet again, and upset by the quality of the meals (wherein cabbage plays a significant part), Mrs Caldicot decides to walk out of the home.
The film premiered in June 2002 at the International Filmfest Emden, where it came second in the competition for the Bernhard Wicki Prize.
Mrs Caldicot, and the other old folk who left the nursing home with her, are living comfortably together but the former proprietor of the home is scheming to regain control.
Local authority inspectors help him by searching for management faults which can be used as an excuse to close down the home.
The book ends with Jenkins (the newspaper editor whom Mrs Caldicot met in Book 1) asking Mrs Caldicot to marry him.
Most members of the band have no musical knowledge or experience and some of their instruments are home-made but to their own delight and surprise they are a huge hit.
They are threatened with homelessness but are saved when one of the residents inherits a seaside pier from a distant relative.
The pier, which is rather dilapidated, comes with a good many problems, a few surprises, a cinema and a small hotel which Mrs Caldicot and her friends turn into their new home.
This experience of being diagnosed with an incurable disease in her early adult years led van Tonder to work on inclusion and wider understanding of the needs for people with disabilities and patients affected by chronic conditions.
After attending an event in 2017 organised by the European Multiple Sclerosis Platform (EMSP) and Shift.ms for Young People affected by Multiple Sclerosis she started being involved in the patient community.
In 2018, she became a member of the board of the non-profit association Multiple Sclérose Lëtzebuerg and a member of the EMSP's Young People's network.
In early 2019 she joined the Higher Council for People with Disabilities (CSPH) in Luxembourg to complete Tilly Metz' term on behalf of Multiple Sclérose Lëtzebuerg and those affected by multiple sclerosis.
The campaign features the stories, and faces of those living with MS and what it may mean to live with MS.
For her work in the multiple sclerosis field, van Tonder won the youth award De Jugendpräis Wooltz 2019 in the category 'outstanding achievement'.
The karate competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held at World Trade Center Metro Manila from 7 to 9 December 2019.
Apocalypse 2000: Economic Breakdown and the Suicide of Democracy (also known as Apocalypse 2000: Economic Breakdown and the Suicide of Democracy, 1989-2000 or Apocalypse 2000) is a 1987 novel by English economists Peter Jay and Michael Stewart.
In the novel, trade imbalances, entrenched unemployment in Europe, pervasive inequality in the United States, and a massive default by Latin American countries creates economic and political upheaval, which Western leaders are shown incapable of addressing.
The US military withdraws from Europe and instead is redeployed to Asia to fight a civil war in the Philippines, as well as to combat drug smuggling at home.
The following year in Europe, a populist personality named Olaf D. Le Rith (an anagram of Adolf Hitler) leads his Europe First Movement (EFM) to victory in European Parliament elections.
Come 2000, the US has an unofficial unemployment rate in excess of 20%, and a level of violence akin to Lebanon or South Africa of the 1980s.
In Europe, where the EFM rules with an iron fist, unemployment and inflation had largely been eliminated the continent, the over-centralised European economy was plagued with shortages and inefficiencies.
The novel, written in 1987, assumed the Soviet Union and East Germany would still be in existence, that apartheid in South Africa would end violently, and that India would be teetering on breaking up.
The authors ignored the possibilities that a deficit could be managed by currency devaluations, or that there were US interest groups with sufficient political heft to prevent a slide to protectionism.
Jean-Pierre Massiera (10 July 1941 – 28 December 2019), sometimes referred to by his initials JPM, was a French musician, composer, record producer, sound engineer, and recording studio owner.
His prolific output between the 1960s and 1990s ranged across pop instrumentals, psychedelic rock and disco music, often incorporating elements of musique concrète, field recordings and samples in an eccentrically experimental and unique style.
In 1967, Massiera set up his own recording studio, Studio d’Enregistrement Méditerranéen (SEM) in Nice, with good quality recording equipment, and began recording local musicians including drummer André Ceccarelli and singers Jocy (later known as Jessy Joyce, real name Joyce Pepino) and Basile.
In 1972, with the support of his half-brother Bernard Torelli, he opened a new 16-track studio, Antibes Studio 16, known as the Azurville studio.
The album incorporated African rhythms, samples, spoken excerpts from writers Baudelaire, Lovecraft and Lautréamont, and contributions from Massiera's regular contributors Torelli, Brent, and Jessy Joyce, among others.
Both albums were produced with Torelli as arranger, and both included reworkings of Massiera's earlier material as well as that of others.
The prog rock album featured many of Massiera's regular contributors including Bernard Torelli, Patrick Attali, Tony Bonfils, Jessy Joyce and André Ceccarelli.
Through the 1980s Massiera continued to work as a writer and producer, but at a lower level of intensity than before, sometimes using the pseudonyms Areisam or Sierra.
Ulrich Aloysius Konrad (born 14 August 1957) is a German musicologist and professor at the Institute for Music Research of the University of Würzburg.
He is considered an expert on European music of the 17th to 20th centuries, especially the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Robert Schumann, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.
His doctoral thesis in 1983 dealt with the composer and conductor Otto Nicolai, who influenced the composition and performance practice of the orchestra in the middle of the 19th century with the founding of the Vienna Philharmonic.
After Konrad's habilitation in 1991 at the University of Göttingen with a study on Mozart's creative style, he taught as a professor of musicology at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg in Freiburg im Breisgau from 1993, and in 1996 became professor of musicology at the University of Würzburg.
Konrad studied Mozart's work intensively, looking at sketches and fragments, and was able to draw conclusions about Mozart's method of composition.
He published these findings in a monograph in 1991 and also published annotated editions of all of Mozart's sketches and fragments.
In January 1999 he received the silver Mozart medal of the International Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg for his standard work on Mozart's creative style and his complete edition of Mozart's sketches.
Konrad is a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the Academia Europaea as well as correspondent member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen and the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur.
Wraggborough is a neighborhood in downtown Charleston, South Carolina, named after slave trader Joseph Wragg, and noted for its association with the slave trade.
In the 18th century it was a property owned by Joseph Wragg, the largest slave trader in North America for several years in the first half of the 18th century.
Seven streets in the borough are named for Joseph Wragg's children: Ann Street, Charlotte Street, Elizabeth Street, Henrietta Street, John Street, Judith Street and Mary Street.
Both teams qualified at the 2019 Parapan American Games: the men's team won the silver medal and the women's team won the gold medal at that event.
The Galway Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Galmont Hotel Intermediate Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Galway IHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Galway County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association and contested by the top-ranking intermediate clubs in the county of Galway in Ireland.
The Galway Intermediate Championship was introduced in 1949 as a competition that would bridge the gap between the senior grade and the junior grade.
The four top-ranking teams in both groups proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match at Kenny Park in October.
The winner of the Galway Intermediate Championship, as well as being presented with the Mick Sylver Cup, qualifies for the subsequent Connacht Club Championship.
All Is Possible in Granada (Spanish: Todo es posible en Granada) is a 1982 Spanish musical comedy film directed by Rafael Romero Marchent and starring Manolo Escobar, Tessa Hood and Manolo Gómez Bur.
Naïma Ben Ali (), is the former First Lady of Tunisia and the first wife of former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
Born Naïma Kefi, she is the daughter of Mohamad Kefi, a prominent Tunisian army general who held a high official position in the post-independence government.
She met a young member of the Tunisian Army, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, during the late 1950s or 1960s, though the circumstances of their meeting remain subject to some debate.
Ben Ali's marriage to Naïma, the daughter of a high ranking general, immediately helped his career and eventually helped propel him to the presidency two decades later.
Ben Ali, who was only a non-commissioned officer at the time, was appointed Director of Military Intelligence in 1964, shortly after his wedding.
Naïma Ben Ali and Ben Ali had three daughters, all of whom married prominent Tunisian businessmen: Ghazoua Ben Ali, born March 8, 1963, in Le Bardo prior to their marriage, and married Slim Zarrouk.
By the mid-1980s, Ben Ali, the then Director General of National Security, was having an affair with his mistress, Leïla Trabelssi, whom he had met in 1984, marking the beginning of the end of his marriage to Naïma Ben Ali.
However, President Ben Ali divorced Naïma in 1988, after 24 years of marriage, in favor of his mistress, Leïla Trabelssi, who moved into the presidential palace shortly after the separation was announced.
The plot follows a punk rock singer seeking an escape and a young woman obsessed with his band who unexpectedly cross paths and begin a journey together across America's vast deteriorating suburbs.
Dalit History Month is an annual observance as a way of remembering important people and events in the history of the Dalits or Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The 2019–20 season is Twente's 55th season in existence and the club's 1st consecutive season in the top flight of Dutch football.
Viviane de Queiroz Pereira (born October 17, 1994), better known by her stage name Pocah and formerly as MC Pocahontas, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter.
Viviane de Queiroz Pereira was born in Queimados, Rio de Janeiro on October 17, 1994, and raised in Duque de Caxias.
In early 2019 Pocahontas signed with Warner Music Group, changing her stage name to Pocah in order to avoid copyright infringement allegations from Disney.
From 2014 to 2016 Pocah was married to her manager and fellow funk singer Matheus Vargas, known as MC Rouba Cena, with whom she had a daughter, Vitória (born 2016).
The 2019 Galway Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Galway Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Galway County Board in 1949.
On 3 November 2019, Kinvara won the championship after a 1-10 to 0-12 defeat of Kilconieron in the final at Kenny Park.
The Floor Burns (Spanish: Quema el suelo) is a 1952 Spanish drama film directed by Luis Marquina and starring Annabella, Tomás Blanco and Gérard Tichy.
Savera () is a 1958 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Satyen Bose starring Meena Kumari, and Ashok Kumar in lead roles.
Kundan (Ashok Kumar) is a medical student who is falsely implicated in a murder charge and fails to complete his degree.
His neighbor and childhood friend Shanti (Meena Kumari) who Kundan grew up with was married to Kundan at the behest of her mother but they got separated after Kundan took the path of crime.
On a trip, he meets with a so called Swami Poornananda (Bipin Gupta) who also is also involved in criminal activities, immediately they befriend.
Kundan rescues him and takes him to a nearby ashram where Kundan disguises himself as Swami and keeps the injured Swami in his room.
Here Kundan meets Shanti who also works in the ashram and identifies him as her husband from a cut in his hand.
The 2019–20 season is Willem II's 124th season in existence and the club's 6th consecutive season in the top flight of Dutch football.
Darlene de Souza joined fellow Brazil women's national football team players Raquel Fernandes and Rafaelle Souza in transferring to Changchun Zhuoyue in January 2016.
Carlos Collado Mena (born 12 July 1938) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from the Region of Murcia who served as the second President of the Region of Murcia from March 1984 to April 1993.
Dundalk entered the 1966–67 season on the back of a disappointing eighth place finish in the League and a sixth place finish in the Shield the previous season.
By the end of 1965 it was clear that the debts, the condition of Oriel Park, and the need to rebuild the playing squad, were challenges beyond the membership-based ownership model.
The new board set about investing in Oriel Park, which consisted of turning the pitch 90 degrees, building a new stand, and adding player and spectator facilities.
Dundalk had never won the Shield in their 40 seasons of League of Ireland membership, being runners-up four times and going close in numerous seasons.
At the 41st attempt, the new team made no mistake – with nine wins from the first 10 matches, effectively sealing the win with a 2–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers in front of a then record crowd of 14,000 for a domestic game in Oriel Park.
10 days later they met Shamrock Rovers again, this time in the City Cup final, but fell to a 2–1 defeat.
The League saw Fox's side continue their Shield form, with six wins in a row (scoring 21 goals in the process) leaving them clear at the top of the table in the run up to Christmas.
A three match losing streak through the new year, which included the Leinster Senior Cup Final, saw some doubts about the side creep in.
To cap a memorable season, they also won the Top Four Cup, their second and last win before the competition was discontinued in 1974.
A semi-final defeat in the FAI Cup to Shamrock Rovers was the only slip-up that stopped the side winning medals in every competition.
The 2020 Qatar Open (also known as 2020 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons) was the 28th edition of the Qatar Open, a men's tennis tournament which is played on outdoor hard courts.
The tournament was awarded the Tournament of the Year award in the 250 category from the 2019 ATP Awards for the third time in five years.
María Antonia Martínez García (born 18 May 1953) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from the Region of Murcia who served as the third President of the Region of Murcia from April 1993 to June 1995.
José Daniel Betances, musically known as Amenazzy, or sometimes El Nene la Amenaza, is a Dominican urban music singer from Santiago de los Caballeros.
He has collaborated with artist such as Lary Over, El Alfa, Bryant Myers, G-Eazy, Farruko, Don Omar, De La Ghetto, Myke Towers, and Nicky Jam.
Apart from singing, El Nene always liked to play ball, a sport in which he began to stand out, managing to travel to Mexico with a small baseball league, when he was 11 years old with coach Fernando Paulino.
As an amateur he made about seven songs a few years ago, but none of them had a hit, such as La Sicaria, Capel 2, Despegue and others.
In addition, he confesses that he did not expect such an extraordinary punch, because wherever he goes, people receive him with euphoria and much joy, something he understands was not expected to happen so quickly and never imagined that the future would offer him a successful artistic career and with which he would direct his family to have a better life.
The section east of the railway was originally called Rosegade while the section to the west of the railway was called Slejpnersgade.
Van Leer Packaging then expanded into the industrial packaging field and received its first breakthrough in 1925 for a large steel drum order from the Shell Oil Company.
After the acquisition of Royal Packaging Industries Van Leer, The Van Leer Group created the Bernard Van Leer Foundation, which funds the Jerusalem Film Centre and the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute.
According to the National League of Cities, there are 288 communities in the United States named Fairview, including incorporated places, unincorporated places, housing developments that are not yet incorporated places, and neighborhoods within incorporated places.
She was shortlisted for the Hennessy Award in 1980 and was awarded prizes by both Sam Hanna Bell and David Marcus.
Since then, Antonio José has published three more albums, therefore being author of a total of six, with the most recent one released in 2019.
His father, Antonio Sánchez, is an AVE maintenance technician, and his mother, María Mazuecos, is a housewife and fond of music.
Since childhood he is a football fan, and his father, who was the local football coach, tried to make him a professional football player.
The inhabitants of his town, including the then mayor Salvador Blanco, celebrated in the streets and congratulated him on his performance in the contest.
The latter reached great popularity in Spain, being the best selling one in the country at the date of its release.
The 2020 Auckland Open (sponsored by ASB Bank) was a joint ATP and WTA tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts.
It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 6 to 12 January 2020 for the women, and from 13 to 18 January 2020 for the men.
Alexander Ogilvie Walker Anderson (20 February 1930–2016) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Southend United.
This was the first edition of the tournament, replacing the Sydney International, and took place at the Memorial Drive Tennis Centre from 12 to 18 January 2020.
The taxon is represented by a single, nearly complete skeleton that was collected from the Sunspot Mine at Mazon Creek, Illinois.
He gained his first stage experience in Mönchengladbach in 1929; Engagements followed as an opera singer in Berlin, Hamburg (1931-34), Dresden and also abroad.
In the final phase of the Second World War Hitler included him in the Gottbegnadeten list of the most important artists in 1944.
Anyway Gang is a Canadian supergroup, consisting of Sam Roberts, Chris Murphy (from Sloan), Menno Versteeg (from Hollerado), and Dave Monks (from Tokyo Police Club).
The San Juan 33S (sometimes just called the San Juan 33) is an American sailboat that was designed by David Pedrick as racer and first built in 1981.
The design was built by the Clark Boat Company in Kent, Washington, United States from 1981 to 1982, but it is now out of production.
It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
The boat is also equipped with a boom vang, an internal mainsail outhaul and an optional jib headfoil (a headsail airfoil-shaped reinforcement).
In total athletes representing Colombia won 47 gold medals, 36 silver medals and 50 bronze medals and the country finished in 4th place in the medal table.
It was named after Dr. Fred C. Roberts, a London Missionary Society missionary who led the Tientsin Mission Hospital and Dispensary 1888 until his death in 1894.
As is the case with the other counties in the state, the route numbers start in the northeast quadrant and go clockwise from the 1000s to the 4000s.
The quadrant dividing lines are as follows: North and South are generally separated by US 202, and generally east and west are separated by PA 611.
Omoniyi then applied to the University of Lagos and was admitted to study Data Processing where she graduated from and obtained a B.Sc.
At first, she was a model due to her slim features then later on became a make-up artist for actors before debuting her acting career in the Nigerian Nollywood movie industry in 1996 where she played short roles in english speaking movies.
Lepa Shandy was a Nigerian Yoruba movie that was produced by Bayowa and eventually became a very successful project which formed the foundation for Omoniyi’s acting career.
Omoniyi’s birthday and movie premier was attended by her colleagues and also by Former First Lady of Lagos State, Abimbola Fashola.
Edward (Ted) Charles Roach (1909 - 1997), was an Australian trade unionist, long-time leader of the Waterside Workers' Federation (WWF) and prominent member of the Communist Party of Australia.
He was a key organiser of the 1938 Dalfram dispute, when dock workers, concerned with the occupation of China, refused to load ships destined for Japan with Australian pig-iron, a raw material for munitions.
As a leader in the WWF during the introduction of containerisation, he was responsible for winning significant improvements in working conditions for those in the Australian stevedoring industry.
Roach was born in poverty in Coledale, on the South Coast of New South Wales in 1909, the third of eight children, to a coal-mining father and housewife mother.
In 1931, in Mackay he became a member of the Communist Party and became local branch secretary of the Unemployed Workers' Movement.
Returning to New South Wales in the mid-1930s, he joined the Newcastle Branch of the Waterside Workers' Federation (WWF) in 1934.
He was elected Branch Secretary in March 1938 on a platform of agitating for significant improvements in working conditions at the Port.
Citing the Japanese invasion of China, the union refused to load pig-iron ore aboard a ship, the Dalfram, that was destined for a munitions factory in Japan.
During World War Two, Roach was able to consolidate the gains made in Port Kembla and extend these to other ports.
In 1949 during the miners' strike, he was held in contempt for using trade union resources to support the miners sent to gaol for six weeks.
In 1951, as part of the WWF agitation over the Commonwealth Arbitration Court's considerations of adjustments to the minimum wage in Australia, Roach was found in contempt of court and spent nine and a half months in gaol.
Cannonball Run (also known as the US Express or C2C Express) is an unsanctioned speed record from New York City to Los Angeles.
The current (unofficial) record holders are the driving team Arne Toman, Douglas Tabbutt and Berkeley Chadwick who traveled from the Redball Garage on the east side of Manhattan to the Portofino Hotel in Redondo Beach in Redondo Beach, a total of in 27 Hours 25 Minutes.
The 2015 Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG was modified to provide 800 horsepower and fitted with an additional fuel cell in the trunk providing enabling the team to stop just 4 times for fuel for a total of just over 22 minutes.
The car was also equipped with police scanner, CB, a thermal camera to help the team spot police on the ground and in the air as well as a laser jammer.
The team chose early November ahead of Thanksgiving travel traffic and chose a route based on weather forecasts which provided dry weather through the entire trip.
The previous record was set by a team led by Ed Bolian with Dave Black and Dan Huang in a modified 2004 Mercedes-Benz CL55 AMG.
Bolian and Black shared driving with Bolian serving as the primary driver while Huang served as spotter watching for police and obstructions such as deer or construction using image stabilized binoculars.
Earlier in her career, Kevinho was a member of KL Produtora and appeared as a guest participant in several clips released by other artists of the producer.
The song became his main hit, becoming a hit, being a long time between the most played in the country and carnival in 2017, making the singer become known nationally.
The song also entered the Latin American charts, earning an international remix in partnership with American rappers French Montanna, Chainz and Nacho.
Newsome is also a musician and is a member of the band Four Lost Souls alongside Jon Langford, Bethany Thomas, and John Szymanski.
Das kaiserliche Luftschloß Schönbrunn, Ehrenhofseite is a painting dating back to the years of 1759 and 1760 by the Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto, depicting the palace of Schönbrunn in Vienna, after a renovation in 1744-49 by Nicolò Pacassi.
The work captures the historic moment on August 16th, 1759 when empress Maria Theresa received the message that the Austrian army had won in battle against the Prussians at Kunersdorf.
Ilzaam () is a 1954 Indian Hindi-language film directed by R. C. Talwar starring Meena Kumari, Kishore Kumar and Shammi in lead roles.
She made several recordings in the 1910s, and toured the United States and Canada on the Chautauqua circuit in the 1920s.
She was active on the Chautauqua circuit in the 1920s, billed as the Irene Stolofsky Company, working with various vocalists and pianists, including Grace Johnson Konold, George Imbrie, Magdalene Massman, and Herbert Macfarren.
She was still performing and teaching violin in the Chicago area in 1944, when she appeared in a musical program by the Illinois Federation of Music Clubs.
She fought for protection of the Wadden Sea, was a proponent of increased Dutch involvement in Antarctic research and advocated for better forest management.
Part of her inheritance was used to start the Rie de Boois-fund, which the Dutch Mammal Society use to fund research by volunteers.
The wilderness area includes prairie and scrub habitat including sandhill terrain and is home to gopher tortoises, sandhill cranes, eastern indigo snakes, fox squirrels, butterflies, woodpeckers, kestrels, various songbirds, and some rare plant species.
A conservation land swap is proposed to mitigate impact from the road and this plan has received support from county commissioners and Charles Lee of the Florida Audubon Society.
The road project is one of many including extensive new toll roads being proposed through largely undeveloped areas engendering controversy during Governor Ron DeSantis' tenure.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 27 August 2016, starting in a 7–0 Tercera División home routing of SD Almazán.
On 25 June 2019, after being an ever-present figure for the B-side, he was definitely promoted to the main squad after agreeing to a one-year deal.
On 8 December 2019, Vidorreta made his first team debut by starting in a 1–3 away loss against UD Las Palmas for the Segunda División championship.
This stage begins after the occupation of Lima, in February 1881, and extends until the consolidation of the Treaty of Ancón, between October and November 1883, which ends the war, with favorable conditions for Chile.
Biscochos, also known as biscochos de huevo, or biscotios, are a traditional Sephardi Jewish ring-shaped cookie commonly prepared for Hanukkah, Purim, and other Jewish holidays.
Biscochos are a small ring-shaped twice-baked cookie with a crisp texture, similar to an abadi cookie, with a dough typically containing flour, oil, sugar, orange juice, vanilla or anise extract.
Biscochos originated in the Sephardi Jewish community of Spain, and after the Inquisition in the 15th century, biscochos migrated with the surviving Sephardi Jews fleeing Spain to the Maghreb, the Middle East, and Turkey.
With the arrival of Sephardi Jews to the United States, as well as the expulsion of Sephardim from Middle Eastern countries in 1949, and their subsequent refuge in Israel; bischochos are now more commonly found in these two countries.
Biscochos are popular among those in the Sephardi Jewish community, and are most frequently consumed during Hanukkah and Purim, among other Jewish holidays.
John Winchcombe, also known as John Smallwood (1488/89-1557), of Newbury, Berkshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Great Bedwyn in 1545 and for Cricklade in 1547.
Pseudolycopodium is a genus of lycophyte in the family Lycopodiaceae with only one species, Pseudolycopodium densum, known as the bushy clubmoss.
In April 2007, the marketing director for the mall, Tammy Robertson, announced that a Mandarin Restaurant, Michaels crafts store and a JYSK furniture store would open within this space.
The co-owners of the property, Bayfield Realty Advisors and LioCan Real Estate Investment Trust Co., invested 25 million dollars into the demolition and revdevelopment of Niagara Square.
The cost for construction has not been specified, but the Bayfield company has included it as part of their multi-million dollar investment to redevelop the property.
Many of these traditions vary by country or region, while others are universal and practiced in a virtually ubiquitous manner across the world.
Traditions associated with the Christmas holiday are diverse in their origins and nature, with some traditions comprising an exclusively Christian religious character with origins from within the religion, while others have been described as more cultural or secular in nature and have originated from outside the realm of Christian influence.
Christmas traditions have also changed and evolved significantly in the centuries since Christmas was first instituted as a holiday, with celebrations often taking on an entirely different quality or atmosphere depending on the time period and geographical region.
Christmas Day (inclusive of its vigil, Christmas Eve), is a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, a holy day of obligation in the Roman Catholic Church, and a Principal Feast of the Anglican Communion.
Other Christian denominations do not rank their feast days but nevertheless place importance on Christmas Eve/Christmas Day, as with other Christian feasts like Easter, Ascension Day, and Pentecost.
As such, for Christians, attending a Christmas Eve or Christmas Day church service plays an important part in the recognition of the Christmas season.
The heart-shaped leaves of ivy were said to symbolize the coming to earth of Jesus, while holly was seen as protection against pagans and witches, its thorns and red berries held to represent the Crown of Thorns worn by Jesus at the crucifixion and the blood he shed.
In certain parts of the world, notably Sicily, living nativity scenes following the tradition of Saint Francis are a popular alternative to static crèches.
In countries where a representation of the Nativity scene is very popular, people are encouraged to compete and create the most original or realistic ones.
Red symbolizes the blood of Jesus, which was shed in his crucifixion, while green symbolizes eternal life, and in particular the evergreen tree, which does not lose its leaves in the winter, and gold is the first color associated with Christmas, as one of the three gifts of the Magi, symbolizing royalty.
The Christmas tree was first used by German Lutherans in the 16th century, with records indicating that a Christmas tree was placed in the Cathedral of Strassburg in 1539, under the leadership of the Protestant Reformer, Martin Bucer.
Professor David Albert Jones of Oxford University writes that in the 19th century, it became popular for people to also use an angel to top the Christmas tree in order to symbolize the angels mentioned in the accounts of the Nativity of Jesus.
From Germany the custom was introduced to Britain, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the reign of Queen Victoria.
Along with a Christmas tree, the interior of a home may be decorated with these plants, along with garlands and evergreen foliage.
Mistletoe features prominently in European myth and folklore (for example the legend of Baldr), it is an evergreen parasitic plant which grows on trees, especially apple and poplar, and turns golden when it is dried.
It is customary to hang a sprig of mistletoe in the house at Christmas, and anyone standing underneath it may be kissed.
The concentric assortment of leaves, usually from an evergreen, make up Christmas wreaths and are designed to prepare Christians for the Advent season.
Candles in each window are meant to demonstrate the fact that Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the ultimate light of the world.
It is common in many parts of the world for town squares and consumer shopping areas to sponsor and display decorations.
For the Christian celebration of Christmas, the viewing of the Nativity play is one of the oldest Christmastime traditions, with the first reenactment of the Nativity of Jesus taking place in A.D. 1223.
In that year, Francis of Assisi assembled a Nativity scene outside of his church in Italy and children sung Christmas carols celebrating the birth of Jesus.
Each year, this grew larger and people travelled from afar to see Francis' depiction of the Nativity of Jesus that came to feature drama and music.
In the 12th century the Parisian monk Adam of St. Victor began to derive music from popular songs, introducing something closer to the traditional Christmas carol.
By the 13th century, in France, Germany, and particularly, Italy, under the influence of Francis of Assisi, a strong tradition of popular Christmas songs in the native language developed.
Traditionally, carols have often been based on medieval chord patterns, and it is this that gives them their uniquely characteristic musical sound.
Singing of carols initially suffered a decline in popularity after the Protestant Reformation in northern Europe, although some Reformers, like Martin Luther, wrote carols and encouraged their use in worship.
In addition to setting many psalms to melodies, which were influential in the Great Awakening in the United States, he wrote texts for at least three Christmas carols.
In the 19th and 20th century, African American spirituals and songs about Christmas, based in their tradition of spirituals, became more widely known.
In addition, there was a revival of interest in early music, from groups singing folk music, such as The Revels, to performers of early medieval and classical music.
A special Christmas family meal is traditionally an important part of the holiday's celebration, and the food that is served varies greatly from country to country.
In the United Kingdom and countries influenced by its traditions, a standard Christmas meal includes turkey, goose or other large bird, gravy, potatoes, vegetables, sometimes bread and cider.
In Poland and other parts of eastern Europe and Scandinavia, fish often is used for the traditional main course, but richer meat such as lamb is increasingly served.
As one of the few fruits traditionally available to northern countries in winter, oranges have been long associated with special Christmas foods.
Eggnog is a sweetened dairy-based beverage traditionally made with milk, cream, sugar, and whipped eggs (which gives it a frothy texture).
The custom of sending them has become popular among a wide cross-section of people with the emergence of the modern trend towards exchanging E-cards.
The content of the design might relate directly to the Christmas narrative, with depictions of the Nativity of Jesus, or Christian symbols such as the Star of Bethlehem, or a white dove, which can represent both the Holy Spirit and Peace on Earth.
Other Christmas cards are more secular and can depict Christmas traditions, mythical figures such as Santa Claus, objects directly associated with Christmas such as candles, holly and baubles, or a variety of images associated with the season, such as Christmastide activities, snow scenes and the wildlife of the northern winter.
There are even humorous cards and genres depicting nostalgic scenes of the past such as crinolined shoppers in idealized 19th-century streetscapes.
The exchanging of gifts is one of the core aspects of the modern Christmas celebration, making it the most profitable time of year for retailers and businesses throughout the world.
On Christmas, people exchange gifts based on the Christian tradition associated with Saint Nicholas, and the gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh which were given to the baby Jesus by the Magi.
Among these are Father Christmas, also known as Santa Claus (derived from the Dutch for Saint Nicholas), Père Noël, and the Weihnachtsmann; Saint Nicholas or Sinterklaas; the Christkind; Kris Kringle; Joulupukki; tomte/nisse; Babbo Natale; Saint Basil; and Ded Moroz.
Nicholas was a 4th-century Greek bishop of Myra, a city in the Roman province of Lycia, whose ruins are from modern Demre in southwest Turkey.
Saint Nicholas traditionally appeared in bishop's attire, accompanied by helpers, inquiring about the behaviour of children during the past year before deciding whether they deserved a gift or not.
By the 13th century, Saint Nicholas was well known in the Netherlands, and the practice of gift-giving in his name spread to other parts of central and southern Europe.
Following the American Revolutionary War, some of the inhabitants of New York City sought out symbols of the city's non-English past.
New York had originally been established as the Dutch colonial town of New Amsterdam and the Dutch Sinterklaas tradition was reinvented as Saint Nicholas.
By the 1880s, Nast's Santa had evolved into the modern vision of the figure, perhaps based on the English figure of Father Christmas.
Father Christmas, a jolly, stout, bearded man who typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, predates the Santa Claus character.
He is first recorded in early 17th century England, but was associated with holiday merrymaking and drunkenness rather than the bringing of gifts.
In Italy, Babbo Natale acts as Santa Claus, while La Befana is the bringer of gifts and arrives on the eve of the Epiphany.
It has been claimed that the Saint Nicholas Society was not founded until 1835, almost half a century after the end of the American War of Independence.
However, not all scholars agree with Jones's findings, which he reiterated in a book-length study in 1978; Howard G. Hageman, of New Brunswick Theological Seminary, maintains that the tradition of celebrating Sinterklaas in New York was alive and well from the early settlement of the Hudson Valley on.
Current tradition in several Latin American countries (such as Venezuela and Colombia) holds that while Santa makes the toys, he then gives them to the Baby Jesus, who is the one who actually delivers them to the children's homes, a reconciliation between traditional religious beliefs and the iconography of Santa Claus imported from the United States.
In South Tyrol (Italy), Austria, Czech Republic, Southern Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, and Switzerland, the Christkind (Ježíšek in Czech, Jézuska in Hungarian and Ježiško in Slovak) brings the presents.
The German St. Nikolaus is not identical with the Weihnachtsmann (who is the German version of Santa Claus / Father Christmas).
St. Nikolaus wears a bishop's dress and still brings small gifts (usually candies, nuts, and fruits) on December 6 and is accompanied by Knecht Ruprecht.
Although many parents around the world routinely teach their children about Santa Claus and other gift bringers, some have come to reject this practice, considering it deceptive.
It is worth noting that across all of Poland, St Nicholas is the gift giver on the Saint Nicholas Day on December 6.
John Winchcombe (by 1519-74), of Bucklebury and Thatcham, Berkshire, was an English Member of Parliament in March 1553 for Reading, April 1554 and 1555 for Ludgershall and for Wootton Bassett in 1571.
Salvioli's diffusing vaccine (acronym VDS from its Italian name ) was an Italian vaccine against tuberculosis used from 1948 until 1976.
The VDS, definitively standardized between 1948 and 1953 by Professor Gaetano Salvioli, originated first in the studies and vaccine products of Professor Edoardo Maragliano (1849–1940) and Professor Giovanni Petragnani (1893–1969), physiologist and rector of the University of Siena.
If Maragliano could boast, in 1903, at the World Congress of Medicine in Madrid that he was the first to develop an anti-tuberculosis serum with killed bacilli, Petragnani further developed his previous experiences and from 1927 to 1935 defined the Italian anti-tuberculosis vaccine under the name AIP (Anatubercolina Integrale Petragnani).
When Petragnani interrupted his studies and applications (because he was appointed in 1935 by Benito Mussolini, as Director General of Public Health), Professor Gaetano Salvioli continued his studies and applications.
This dose [was] 0.68 mgr of human bK plus 0.07 mgr of bovine bK, to which [were] added 6 V units.
The bacterial patinas, or veils of the cultivated bacteria, were broken up and had to be pulverized, first with a spatula and then with mechanical stirrers to obtain a finer dispersion of the bacilli.
The killing of the bacterial suspensions was carried out with the exposure of the duration of few minutes to the heat under pressure at a temperature of 110°, but avoiding boiling.
One took 150 cubic centimeters of milk to which were added 1 gram of peptone, 6 grams of potato starch and a peeled potato washed and in pieces.
We filtered through sterile gauze in a graduated cylinder and we added to the filtrate 3% of glycerine and 4% of a aqueous solution to 2% of malachite.
It was then distributed in large tubes and it was coagulated at 80-85° for 30 minutes by means of a device designed by Petragnani himself, which provided for a thermoregulator and special large inclined tubes so that the soil solidified like a flute beak.
In the second post-war period, the spread of TB in Italy was still very high, but antituberculous vaccination was not mandatory.
The bibliography of the time indicates that from 1948 to 1970 the VDS was applied very widely in different parts of Italy.
It was widely applied in the municipality and province of Bologna, in particular at the pediatric clinic of the University of Bologna, directed by Professor Gaetano Salvioli himself.
In the province of Venice, the Consortium Antitubercolare Provincial vaccinated between 1953 and 1958 about 16 000 people, especially primary school children.
Between 1938 and the first months of 1943 Professor Sandro Taronna (1901–1972), director of the Consortium Antitubercolare of the province of Venice had vaccinated 354 children brefotrophy Pio Ospedale della Pietà of Venice.
Because of the bombing of the lagoon city 132 children were transferred to the sanatorium building of Dolo – Venice ) of which 54 were vaccinated with the Italian vaccine VPS (Petragnani- Salvioli).
ISM was, from 1894 to 1994, a non-profit institution entirely owned by the Municipality of Milan, with a plant in via Darwin in Milan.
This batch caused an anomalous vaccination that involved, with a plague at the point of inoculation, 2797 schoolchildren from the province of Venice and infants of Ferrara and Trieste.
From 1959, until the decision of the Ministry of Health to officially adopt the BCG in Italy (art.1 of the Ministerial Decree of 25 June 1976), the production of VDS returned to the companies of Dr. Marino Golinelli.
On 15 August 2019, as a seventeen years old, she became the youngest female in the world to climb all the Seven Summits, together with her father Arianit Nikçi(Albanian mountaineer).
They reached all the Seven Summits for 17 months, six hardest peaks (Vinson, Aconcagua, Everest, Denali, Elbrus and Carstensz Pyremid) summit-ed for 240 days (eight months).
Since she was 7 she started training karate, and was a very successful competitor, champion of Kosovo in Kata and Kumite, also she has black belt grade, Dan1.
During 2017 Mrika has continued with her mountaineering activities by climbing 2 summits in Bulgaria, specifically the summit of the Seven Lakes in Rila with an altitude (alt) of 2,648 meters, and the summit of Musala 2,925 alt, the highest peak in Balkan.
In 2018 Mrika has continued with mountaineering and achieved additional success by climbing to another 2 summits, specifically Grossglockner - 3,798 alt (Austria), and one of the Seven World Summits, the summit of Kilimanjaro - 5,895 alt (Tanzania - Africa).
She was one of three sister ships (the other sisters were and ) delivered to the company in 1929 for the route between Britain and New Zealand.
At the start of the Second World War the ship was used for transporting children from Britain to Australia before being converted into a troopship.
Following an extensive refit in 1947–48 the ship continued in service until July 1962 when after 87 peactetime return voyages between Britain and New Zealand it was withdrawn.
During the refit in 1947–48 the John Brown built Sulzer type engines were replaced with two Doxford diesel engines with a total power output of raising the ships maximum speed to .
Tichauer was born in Pozsony, Austro-Hungarian Kingdom (now Bratislava, Slovakia), as Helen Spitzer, was kidnapped by the SS, and held in death camps, in Poland, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, after the war.
Eventually Auschwitz camp authorities discovered Tichauer's skills as a graphics designer, which preserved her from being killed, and even allowed her relatively free-run of the camp, and even occasional excursions, outside the camp.
Tichauer played in the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz, assembled to meet trains of individuals destined to go straight to the gas chambers.
The orchestra would play calming music so captives who did not know they were about to die would be more tractable.
The pair had been able to engage in monthly liaisons, and had planned to meet, and marry, if they should survive the war.
However, they lost track of one another, for several years, and, when they had news of one another, they were both married.
Camp authorities tried to evacuate the camp, and destroy evidence of their crimes, as the armies of the Soviet Union approached.
In her PhD thesis Anna-Madeleine Halkes Carey described Tichauer as a holocaust survivor whose multiple accounts of the camp system had been thoroughly confirmed.
Erwin Tichauer was an academic, a professor of bio-engineering, at the University of New South Wales, and the University of New York.
History professor Konrad Kwiet, who had survived World War 2 as a child, said Tichauer served as a mother-figure for him, and phoned her once a week, after she left Sydney.
Wisnia's first job, at Auschwitz, was to retrieve the bodies of captives who committed suicide by electrocuting themselves by throwing themselves at the camp's electrified fences.
Guards who learned he was a skilled singer started calling upon him to sing to them, and he was later transferred to work as a bathroom attendant in the sauna operated for the guard force.
Wisnia did not tell his children and grandchildren he had a lover, while in Auschwitz, and Tichauer did not tell her biographers.
Wisnia was able to ask her whether she had used her position of trust to help him survive the death camp, and she confirmed that she had been able to prevent him being shipped to an extermination camp on five separate occasions.
The 1969–70 St. Bonaventure Brown Indians men's basketball team represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1969–70 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
They were led by ninth year head coach Larry Weise as well as 6′ 11″ center Bob Lanier, named a consensus first-team All-American for the second consecutive season.
Lanier suffered a knee injury in the Regional final against Villanova and did not play in the Final Four, but would be the top pick in the 1970 NBA Draft and go on to a Hall of Fame career.
They formed part of the rear edge of the skull roof, and the lateral edge of each postparietal often contacts the tabular and supratemporal bones.
However, most living amphibians (of the group Lissamphibia) and living reptiles (of the group Sauria) lack postparietal bones, with a few exceptions.
On the other hand, Westoll (1938) proposed an alternative interpretation which identified the bones as postparietals based on comparisons between early tetrapods and their sarcopterygian ancestors.
These include their contact with tabulars and supratemporals, the fact that they are positioned behind the bones which surround the parietal foramen (i.e.
the parietal bones), and how transitional taxa show apparent homology with tetrapod postparietals and the large posterior midline elements of fish.
Many sarcopterygian fish (including living coelocanths) possess a large, robust plate at the back of the skull known as a postparietal shield.
This plate is consists mostly of the large postparietals along its midline, with smaller tabular bones and one or more supratemporal bones along its edge.
As sarcopterygians acquire more derived features and eventually evolve into tetrapods, the postparietals gradually shrink, losing their status as the largest midline elements of the skull and allowing the more anteriorly-situated parietal bones (and the newly acquired frontal bones) to acquire that status.
Closer to the base of amniotes, the postparietal shifts from the dorsal portion of the skull to the occipital (braincase) portion, sloping downwards in the process.
Embryological data indicates that the interparietal bone of mammals forms from the fusion of four bones during early development: a pair of medial neural crest elements edged by lateral mesoderm elements.
The medial neural crest-derived pair are considered homologous to the postparietals of other vertebrates, while the lateral mesoderm bones are considered homologous to the tabular bones.
In almost all mammals, all four bones are fused to each other by the time of birth, and in many cases they additionally fuse to the parietal and supraoccipital in adulthood.
In these situations, the midline bone (often also termed an interparietal) is a fused postparietal while the lateral bones are tabulars.
Independently-derived fusion between paired postparietals and/or the adjacent tabulars is common among synapsids, meaning that many different lineages have one, three, or four bones in the region which makes up the mammalian interparietal.
In rare cases there are two interparietal bones, formed when left and right postparietals each fuse to their corresponding tabular, but not each other.
The postparietals continue to shrink and move further back in the skull in reptiles, no longer forming any contribution to the ceiling of the brain cavity.
However, subsequent review provided evidence against that hypothesis by demonstrating that birds had inherited a consistent relationship between the skull roof and brain cavity; this relationship excluded the postparietals from the brain cavity (at least in reptiles) and supported the traditional interpretation that the parietal of birds was homologous to that of other reptiles.
On 17 April 1999, Mauritanian women's rights activist Aminetou Mint El-Moctar founded The Association of Women Heads of Households, in order to campaign and raise awareness about the human rights restrictions that women from Mauritania may face.
From its outset, the AFCF has been designed to reflect the diversity of Mauritania, including Arab, Berber, Haratin, Pulaar, Soninke and Wolof women.
The AFCF has been at the forefront of a number of campaign in Mauritania to improve the conditions of women in the country.
In 2011, the organisation was working with the government to bring a stop to the exportation of child brides to the Arabian peninsula.
The organisation has campaigned widely against the practice of force-feeding young women before marriage, a traditional practice created in order to reflect the wealth of the husband, but one that in fact restricts the health of women and their engagement in local communities and beyond.
In 2006, the AFCF proposed new legislation to the Mauritanian government to defend women rights, in particular to introduce harsher sentences for rape.
They have campaigned against sexual violence against women, in urban and also in rural contexts and from 2012 encouraged all police stations to have social workers on site to support survivors of sexual violence and to encourage the women to prosecute.
They work to end the abuse of domestic workers, as well as encouraging women to take part in political life, locally and nationally.
As of 2019 the AFCF has 12,000 members, six rescue centres for victims, 168 social workers, four lawyers and a contact person in every city in Mauritania.
A literacy campaign funded by the AFCF has reached over 20,000 girls in rural areas of Nouakchott alone and has helped over 73,000 people gain civil status and therefore access to rights and protection.
Juan Miguel Villar, known as Tali Goya, or simply Goya is a Dominican Latin trap rapper raised in New York City.
He has collaborated with artists such as Bad Bunny, Arcángel, Fetty Wap, Remyboy Monty, Duki, Khea, Cazzu, Neo Pistea, and others.
Maldives did not enter any archers, while India was barred from competing because the Archery Association of India was suspended by World Archery.
The 2019 Tonga measles outbreak began in October 2019 after a squad of Tongan rugby players came back from New Zealand.
When contrasting the scores of deaths in Samoa to the lack of fatalities in Tonga and Fiji, this is put down to the far higher vaccination rates in Tonga and Fiji compared to the 31% in Samoa.
The outbreak has been attributed to a sharp drop in measles vaccination in Samoa from the previous year, following an incident in 2018 when two infants died in Samoa shortly after receiving measles vaccinations, which led the country to suspend its measles vaccination program.
The reason for the two infants' deaths was incorrect preparation of the vaccine by two nurses who mixed vaccine powder with expired anaesthetic.
Tonga closed all schools for several days while American Samoa required all travelers from Tonga and Samoa to present proof of vaccination.
On December 10th, American Samoa declared a measle outbreak and closed public schools and park gatherings and suspended all entry permits for those travelling through Samoa and Tonga to American Samoa.
The only evidence for his existence is the Uruk King List, an Akkadian-language list of Babylonian kings from Ashurbanipal to Seleucus II, which places Nidin-Bel as the immediate predecessor of the final Achaemenid king, Darius III.
He may have chosen his regnal name in honour of a previous Babylonian revolt leader, Nebuchadnezzar III, whose original name had been Nidintu-Bel.
By the chronology presented in the list, Nidin-Bel would have been in control of Babylon in the autumn of 336 BC or the winter of 336–335 BC.
Nidin-Bel's ascension to the Babylonian throne may have been possible through the dynastic crisis and political turmoil which occurred upon the murder of Artaxerxes IV in 336 BC, when revolts also occurred in Armenia (Artašata, who later became king Darius III) and Egypt (Khabash).
Nidin-Bel's sole mention in the Uruk King List makes his existence somewhat uncertain (though he might be mentioned in the later Alexander Chronicle as well).
The similarity of his name to the original name of Nebuchadnezzar III means that some historians have considered it possible that he is identical to the first Nidintu-Bel, erroneously misplaced in the chronology by later scribes.
Choosing a historical name to obtain legitimization was common in Mesopotamia (and even exemplified with Darius III, whose original name had been Artašata).
Vaughn Patrick Covil (born 26 July 2003) is an American-English professional footballer who plays as a winger and forward for Forest Green Rovers.
On 8 October 2019, Covil made his debut for Forest Green, in a 0–0 EFL Trophy draw against Coventry City, scoring a penalty in a 8–7 penalty shoot-out win.
High Fashion (Spanish: Alta costura) is a 1954 Spanish drama film directed by Luis Marquina and starring Laura Valenzuela, Margarita Lozano and María Martín.
Noodle latkes, also known as Romanian noodle latkes, pasta latke, or pasta latkes, are a type of latke made with pasta of Romanian Jewish origin, that is traditionally prepared during Hanukkah, although they may be eaten as a side dish during other times of the year.
Noodle latkes originated within the Romanian Jewish community several hundred years ago, and were brought to Israel and the United States where their descendants still prepare this dish.
Noodle latkes consist of egg noodles or fine egg pasta that has been boiled and drained, and combined with ingredients including egg, butter or margarine and a number of other ingredients to form a batter, which is shaped into latkes and fried in oil or schmaltz.
They are traditionally prepared during the Jewish holiday of Chanukah by Romanian Jews, as foods fried in oil are traditionally consumed by Jewish people during Hanukkah to commemorate the miracle of the oil and the victory of the Maccabees over the Greeks in Ancient Israel.
Sweet variants include egg, butter or margarine (if pareve) sugar, cinnamon, and oftentimes raisin, and may be dusted with cinnamon sugar or powdered sugar upon serving.
Savory variants also include chopped onion and seasoning such as salt, pepper and various spices, and may be fried in vegetable oil or schmaltz.
Defending champions Adrian Quist and Don Turnbull defeated John Bromwich and Jack Harper 6–2, 9–7, 1–6, 6–8, 6–4, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1937 Australian Championships.
In total athletes representing Mexico won 55 gold medals, 58 silver medals and 45 bronze medals and the country finished 3rd in the medal table.
Eduardo Sanchez won the gold medal in the individual BC1 event and Eduardo Ventura won the bronze medal in that event.
Maurice Mitchell is an American activist and musician, currently serving as the National Director of the Working Families Party, a progressive political party known for cross-endorsing candidates through fusion voting.
In high school, Mitchell was a member of where he was a member of the Long Island Student Coalition for Peace and Justice.
During the Ferguson unrest after the shooting of Michael Brown, Mitchell temporarily relocated to Ferguson, Missouri to work with other activists.
In addition to his work in activism and polical organizing, Mitchell is a member of the hardcore punk band, Cipher, established by Mitchell and several high school classmates in 1996.
It became heavier as he approached his camp, so he dropped it, and saw that in fact it was a ghul.
He went out with her bag and filled it with snakes, then returned to the tent carrying the bag under his arm.
Another story has it that his mother gave him the name because he habitually carried his sword under his arm when travelling with a raiding party.
He lived as a brigand, accompanied by a band of men including Al-Shanfara, Amir ibn al-Akhnas, al-Musayyab ibn Kilab, Murra ibn Khulayf, Sa'd ibn al-Ashras, and 'Amr ibn Barrak.
The band primarily raided the tribes of Bajila, Banu Hudhayl, Azd, and , and evaded pursuit by hiding in the Sarawat Mountains.
The poet was eventually killed during a raid against the Banu Hudhayl, and his body was thrown into a cave called al-Rakhman.
According to the Italian orientalist Francesco Gabrieli, the Qafiyya may not have been written as a single poem, but might instead be a collection of verses compiled by later editors.
McGahn was put under subpoena to testify regarding his knowledge of the Russia investigation and Mueller Report and whether President Donald Trump's actions could constitute obstruction of justice.
In April 2019, the House Judiciary Committee subpoenaed McGahn to testify before Congress about potential obstruction of justice on the part of the Trump administration.
Her ruling is laced with references to and quotes from the Founding Fathers of the United States and the Constitution's Framers.
The case was appealed by the Department of Justice, representing Don McGahn, and on November 26, the Department of Justice asked Jackson to put a temporary stay on her order so they could appeal it.
Excerpts from the ruling include:When DOJ insists that Presidents can lawfully prevent their senior-level aides from responding to compelled congressional process and that neither the federal courts nor Congress has the power to do anything about it, DOJ promotes a conception of separation-of-powers principles that gets these constitutional commands exactly backwards.
In reality, it is a core tenet of this Nation's founding that the powers of a monarch must be split between the branches of the government to prevent tyranny.andStated simply, the primary takeaway from the past 250 years of recorded American history is that Presidents are not kings.
Rather, in this land of liberty, it is indisputable that current and former employees of the White House work for the People of the United States, and that they take an oath to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.
Moreover, as citizens of the United States, current and former senior-level presidential aides have constitutional rights, including the right to free speech, and they retain these rights even after they have transitioned back into private life.
To be sure, there may well be circumstances in which certain aides of the President possess confidential, classified, or privileged information that cannot be divulged in the national interest and that such aides may be bound by statute or executive order to protect.
But, in this Court's view, the withholding of such information from the public square in the national interest and at the behest of the President is a duty that the aide herself possesses.
Furthermore, as previously mentioned, in the context of compelled congressional testimony, such withholding is properly and lawfully executed on a question-by-question basis through the invocation of a privilege, where appropriate.
As such, with the exception of the recognized restrictions on the ability of current and former public officials to disclose certain protected information, such officials (including senior-level presidential aides) still enjoy the full measure of freedom that the Constitution affords.
Indeed, absolute testimonial immunity for senior-level White House aides appears to be a fiction that has been fastidiously maintained over time through the force of sheer repetition in OLC opinions, and through accommodations that have permitted its proponents to avoid having the proposition tested in the crucible of litigation.
And because the contention that a President’s top advisors cannot be subjected to compulsory congressional process simply has no basis in the law, it does not matter whether such immunity would theoretically be available to only a handful of presidential aides due to the sensitivity of their positions, or to the entire Executive branch.
Nor does it make any difference whether the aides in question are privy to national security matters, or work solely on domestic issues.
And, of course, if present frequent occupants of the West Wing or Situation Room must find time to appear for testimony as a matter of law when Congress issues a subpoena, then any such immunity most certainly stops short of covering individuals who only purport to be cloaked with this authority because, at some point in the past, they once were in the President's employ.
This was the state of law when Judge Bates first considered the issue of whether former White House Counsel Harriet Miers had absolute testimonial immunity in 2008, and it remains the state of law today, and it goes without saying that the law applies to former White House Counsel Don McGahn, just as it does to other current and former senior-level White House officials.
Thus, for the myriad reasons laid out above as well as those that are articulated plainly in the prior precedents of the Supreme Court, the D.C.
Circuit, and the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, this Court holds that individuals who have been subpoenaed for testimony by an authorized committee of Congress must appear for testimony in response to that subpoena—i.e., they cannot ignore or defy congressional compulsory process, by order of the President or otherwise.
Notably, however, in the context of that appearance, such individuals are free to assert any legally applicable privilege in response to the questions asked of them, where appropriate.
The Constitution and federal law set the boundaries of what is acceptable conduct, and for this reason, as explained above, when there is a dispute between the Legislature and the Executive branch over what the law requires about the circumstances under which government officials must act, the Judiciary has the authority, and the responsibility, to decide the issue.
Moreover, as relevant here, when the issue in dispute is whether a government official has the duty to respond to a subpoena that a duly authorized committee of the House of Representatives has issued pursuant to its Article I authority, the official’s defiance unquestionably inflicts a cognizable injury on Congress, and thereby, substantially harms the national interest as well.
These injuries give rise to a right of a congressional committee to seek to vindicate its constitutionally conferred investigative power in the context of a civil action filed in court.
Reacting on Twitter, McGahn attorney William Burck said McGahn will comply unless the order is stayed pending appeal, and on November 26, the Department of Justice asked Jackson to put a temporary stay on her order so they can appeal it.
The day after the President was impeached on December 18, the Department of Justice requested that the judgment be summarily reversed because the point was mooted by the House vote.
Several conservative lawyers such as George Conway and Republican former members of Congress submitted a brief in support of the original ruling.
In their brief, they stated that a Constitutional originalist view of the dispute requires the courts to force McGahn to appear, even more so because of the then-ongoing impeachment proceedings.
They cited examples from the late 1700's and early 1800's of Congress exercising oversight powers and having access to executive branch officials and their documents to support their brief.
Óscar Castellano Zamora (born 7 October 1997), commonly known as Chiqui, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for SDC Polvorín.
Born in Mérida, Badajoz, Extremadura, Chiqui moved to Salceda de Caselas, Pontevedra, Galicia at the age of 13 and finished his formation with UD Santa Mariña.
On 21 June 2018, he moved to fellow league team Arosa SC, being a regular starter before joining CD Lugo on 18 July of the following year, being initially assigned to the farm team also in division four.
Chiqui made his professional debut on 8 December 2019, coming on as a late substitute for Tete Morente in a 1–3 away loss against Girona FC for the Segunda División championship.
It was composed in time and is performed in the key of A minor in common time with a tempo of 170 beats per minute.
Her work in Morocco includes the examination of cave deposits and examined amphibian remains from the Thomas Quarry Site, near Casablanca.
She also investigated the faunal remains at the cave of Taht El Ghar (Tetuan), exploring palaeoenvironment of North Africa between the pleistocene and the holocene.
Under his rule, the Luwian kingdom of Arzawa managed to penetrate far into the territory of the Hittite Empire, then weakened by invasions of the Kaška peoples.
The World Bank, in seeking to promote development within less developed countries, describes itself as a fund rather than a Bank, by initiating projects for less developed countries in pursuit to end poverty.
The World Bank initiates and divides such projects for each Developed country through its 5 internal Institutions: that being MIGA, IDA, IFC, ICSID, and IRD.
With increasingly high poverty, and a lack thereof of for appropriate eduction 2016 prompted the World Bank partnership with Guatemala through the partnership.
Here the World Bank institution, the IBRD designed and began the First Programmatic Improved Governance of Public Resources and Nutrition Development Policy Financing This project sought to address malnutrition, and delineate better accounting methods for the nation's public resources.
With a target of malnutrition specifically, this fund and project seek to educate on ways to improve prenatal care, access to clean water, and finance consultants for MIDES-FODES operations.
Since 2016, the IBRD has taken the forefront in partnering with Guatemlana economy, people, and government to implement a great variety of projects by.
Ranking as the 11th most at-risk country for natural disasters combined with the effects of El Nino in Latin American Countries provided an incentive for the World Bank to partner with the Government of Guatemala to lend funds for such a project.
With goals to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty MIGA signed a partnership with Guatemala in order to facilitate a new project called...
Last Love (French: Dernier amour) is a 1949 French drama film directed by Jean Stelli and starring Annabella, Georges Marchal and Jean Debucourt.
Dundalk entered the 1962–63 season on the back of a disappointing eighth place finish in the League and a fifth place finish in the Shield the previous season.
It ran as a two group, single match round-robin with the top two in each group then playing off in a semi-final and final.
Casey - a long time Honorary Treasurer of the League, and former committee member at Dundalk, who had died in late 1961.
The Shield followed, a competition Dundalk had yet to win, and they were pipped to the runners-up spot on goal average.
The Dublin City Cup saw them knocked out in the first round, 4–3 on aggregate, while the Leinster Senior Cup saw them knocked out in the semi-final on corner-count after a 2–2 draw with Shelbourne.
With four competitions essentially dealt with by the time the League was up and running, all attention turned to the League schedule.
A run of five wins and a draw saw Dundalk lead the table going into the new year, but a defeat and three draws in their next five games raised doubts about their ability to stay in front.
Their rivals were faltering too, however, and with six games remaining Dundalk led by four points – although their closest rivals, Waterford and Drumcondra, both had two games in hand, as bad weather that winter had seen a number of postponements.
Another slump in form followed, with a second round exit in the FAI Cup to Cork Hibernians and two League defeats in three weeks, leaving them top on goal average only with an extra game played.
But they rallied as their rivals continued to drop points, needing a win away to Bohemians in their final match to seal the title.
They went two goals behind, however, and with supporters believing they had blown the title, they came back to score twice in the last five minutes and secure a point.
They then had to wait a full week for the fixture backlog to clear, with Shelbourne, Cork Celtic and Drumcondra all in the hunt.
Athletes representing El Salvador won one gold medal in total and the country finished in 15th place in the medal table.
Jordan Lenín Rezabala Anzules (born 29 February 2000) is an Ecuadorian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Club Tijuana.
The first image of the Mandalorian was released on October 4, 2018 while Pedro Pascal's casting as the titular character was announced on December 12, 2018.
When Pascal would become unavailable for filming, the Mandalorian would occasionally be portrayed physically by stunt actors Brendan Wayne and Lateef Crowder with Wayne working closely with Pascal to develop the character.
To help Pascal prepare for the role, Favreau recommended that he watch Akira Kurosawa's samurai films and Clint Eastwood's Spaghetti Westerns.
Over time, the Mandalorian became a member of the Bounty Hunter's Guild on Nevarro, developing a reputation for being an expensive but formidable bounty hunter.
The Mandalorian tracks the asset to the desert planet Arvala-7 and discovers that the asset is an infant from Yoda's species.
When bounty hunting droid and fellow guild member IG-11 (Taika Waititi) attempts to kill the infant per its bounty orders, the Mandalorian shoots and destroys the droid, taking the Child alive.
After the Mandalorian has the Beskar forged into a full cuirass by the Armorer (Emily Swallow) at a Tribe enclave, the Mandalorian has an uncharacteristic change of heart and turns back to attack the Client's base to rescue the Child, killing many of the Client's stormtrooper bodyguards in the process.
Outnumbered and cornered, the Mandalorian is able to escape when other Mandalorians of the Tribe arrive from the enclave, attacking the bounty hunters and allowing him to reach his ship with the Child and flee Nevarro.
Karga proposes that the Mandalorian use the Child as bait in order to kill the Client and free the town in exchange for Karga calling off the bounty placed on him and the Child.
Anticipating a trap, the Mandalorian recruits several allies including ex-Rebel shock trooper-turned-mercenary Cara Dune (Gina Carano), Ugnaught farmer and mechanic Kuiil (Nick Nolte), and IG-11, who had been rebuilt and reprogrammed by Kuiil, before journeying back to Nevarro to meet Karga.
However, the meeting goes awry when the Client's superior, Moff Gideon (Giancarlo Esposito) unexpectedly arrives and has his death trooper-led regiment surround and open fire on the building, killing the Client and trapping Mando, Dune and Karga inside.
The group looks for the Tribe's hideout for help, only to find the covert abandoned by the Mandalorians save for the Armorer, who provides the group with weapons and a jetpack for the Mandalorian.
Although the Child is too weak to be trained as a Mandalorian, the Armorer charges the Mandalorian to reunite the Child with its species; until that or the Child becomes of age they are now a clan of two, with the Mandalorian acting as a father to the Child.
IG-11 sacrifices itself to take out the stormtroopers blocking their escape while Djarin uses his newly acquired jetpack to help take down Gideon in his TIE fighter.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Relay Women started on 8 December 2019 in Östersund and will finished on 7 March 2020 in Nové Město.
Every athlete's leg is skied over three laps for a total of , with two shooting rounds: one prone and one standing.
For every round of five targets there are eight bullets available, though the last three can only be single-loaded manually from the spare round holders or from bullets deposited by the athlete into trays or onto the mat at the firing line.
The first-leg participants start all at the same time, and as in cross-country skiing relays, every athlete of a team must touch the team's next-leg participant to perform a valid changeover.
On the first shooting stage of the first leg, the participant must shoot in the lane corresponding to their bib number (bib #10 shoots at lane #10 regardless of their position in the race), then for the remainder of the relay, the athletes shoot at the lane corresponding to the position they arrived (arrive at the range in 5th place, shoot at lane five).
Juan Pablo Vergara Martínez (24 February 1985 – 2 December 2019) was a Peruvian professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
Born in Lima, Vergara played for Sport Áncash, CNI, César Vallejo, Sport Boys, Real Garcilaso, Ayacucho, Alfonso Ugarte de Puno, Los Caimanes, Atlético Minero, Sport Loreto, UTC and Deportivo Binacional.
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 20 October.
Set in the 19th century, it follows a 14-year-old girl who becomes the third wife to a landowner in rural northern Vietnam.
The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2018, where it won the Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema (NETPAC) Award.
It also won the TVE-Another Look Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival and the Gold Hugo for New Directors at the Chicago International Film Festival in October 2018.
The film has been nominated for Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Someone to Watch Award at the 35th Independent Spirit Awards.
14-year-old May is married off as the third wife to an older landowner of a rural village where silk is harvested.
She soon finds that, having given birth to a son, the first wife exerts greater influence in the family than the second, who has only had three daughters, and that the only way to gain security and independence is to give birth to a male child.
May conceives a child, and discovers that Xuan, the second wife, is having an affair with the landowner's son, and that the first wife is also pregnant.
Having discovered the affair, the landowner arranges a marriage between his son and a girl, who is even younger than May.
The film ends with one of Xuan's daughters, who had once expressed desire to become a man and have many wives, cutting her hair with a pair of scissors.
The film was financed in part by the Spike Lee Production Fund of the Tisch School of the Arts, which its screenplay had won in 2014.
The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2018, where it won the Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema (NETPAC) Award.
In October 2018, it also screened at the San Sebastian International Film Festival, where it won the TVE-Another Look Award, and at the Chicago International Film Festival in the New Directors Film Competition section, of which it won the Gold Hugo, the top prize.
In Vietnam, the film was released on 17 May 2019, only to be pulled four days later, after drawing criticism for allowing the lead actress Trà My, who was 13 at the time of shooting, to act in sex scenes.
On 20 May, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism ordered the Cinema Department to review the licensing of the film.
On 21 May, producers pulled the film from cinemas, citing concerns over online abuse that had been directed at My and her family.
On 24 May, the filmmakers were fined 50 million đồng for releasing an unapproved version despite censors' request to make three cuts to the film.
This is a part of our history that is very dark and this kind of history is perpetuating itself in Vietnamese society still.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 90%, based on 39 reviews, and an average rating of 7.11/10.
Eternal Conflict (French: Éternel conflit) is a 1948 French drama film directed by Georges Lampin and starring Annabella, Fernand Ledoux and Michel Auclair.
A disillusioned teacher gives up his job and joins a circus, where he befriends a beautiful acrobat with a complex love life.
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 20 October.
The Nokia 2.3, like x.2 series of Nokia phones, has a dedicated Google Assistant button on the left of the phone which can be pressed to quickly activate the Google Assistant or held and released for the Google Assistant to start and stop listening.
It has two cameras on the back of the phone, a 13 MP main sensor and a 2 MP depth sensor.
It films at 1080p 30 fps and supports auto HDR when taking photos which can also manually be turned on and off.
It has a slightly higher screen to body ratio (80.7% to 79%), because it has smaller bezels at the top and bottom.
The 2.3 has a different battery from its predecessor, a 4000 mAh non-removable battery instead of a 3000 mAh removable one.
The phone comes in 1 storage/ram option, 32 GB + 2 GB, while the 2.2 comes in 16 + 2 or 32 + 3.
Club Deportivo Independiente Juniors, known as Independiente Juniors or formerly as Alianza Cotopaxi, is a football club based in Latacunga, Ecuador.
Founded on 13 July 2017 as Alianza Cotopaxi SC in Cotopaxi, the club reached the Segunda Categoría after finishing second in the regional championships.
In the following year, the club reached an agreement with Independiente del Valle to become their reserve team, and reached promotion to the Ecuadorian Serie B at the end of the year, after having the core of the 2018 U-20 Copa Libertadores.
After the promotion to the second division of Ecuadorian football, the club changed name to Club Deportivo Independiente Juniors, and moved to Latacunga.
The city was formerly the settled and cultivated areas of the 130th Regiment of the 7th Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC).
Abu al-Fadl Muhammad al Tabasi (died 1089) was a Shafi‘i Muslim and Sufi author, who lived most of his life in Nishapur.
Although many works are associated with him, his al-Shamil fi al-bahr al-kamil (The Comprehensive Compendium to the Entire Sea), a treatise about conjuring demons and jinn, seems to be most disseminated.
Distinguishing between licit and illicit magic, he activates the spells he by invoking the names of angels, prophets and cites Islamic sacred scriptures such as the Torah, the Gospel and certain Quranic verses, regarding such occult practises as in accordance with Islamic law, as long it is performed by virtues and not by sin.
He was famous for his alleged own ability to subjucate jinn, as reported by encyclopedist and scholar of natural scientist Zakariya al-Qazwini.
She starred in over 80 films and television shows, the most prominent being her role in the films Lady Snowblood (1973), Yagyu Clan Conspiracy (1978), and Day of Resurrection (1980).
They had no meetings and he gave her no acting guidance, but after the film he took, as she described, a furious approach with letters and phone calls.
She first starred in the film Village Eight minutes while still in high school, a film about the Shizuoka Prefecture Ueno village ostracism incident.
Two years later she signed an exclusive contract with Japanese movie studio Nikkatsu, appearing in films such as Season of the Sun.
He was one of the earliest students to graduate from the Department of Entomology and Ornithology at the University of Nebraska.
During the late 1930s, he taught entomology at Glendale Junior College in Los Angeles; where he influenced Charles Anthony Fleschner, who went on to have a distinguished career in entomology at University of California, Riverside.
The team finished in second place in the 2019 UNAF U-20 Women's Tournament, the 1st edition of the UNAF U-20 Women's Tournament.
Over the course of four years, Smalley made 118 Football League appearances for the club, before leaving to sign for Scunthorpe United in 1988, scoring one goal in 86 league games.
In 1990, Smalley signed for Leeds United, however failed to make an appearance for the club, signing for Doncaster Rovers in 1991, making 14 league appearances.
Following his spell at Portsmouth, Smalley took up roles in Oceania, working with clubs Northern Fury and Waitakere United, as well as working with the Football Federation Victoria and Football Federation Australia.
The 2020 FC Edmonton season will be the club's ninth competitive season as well as their second in the Canadian Premier League.
It embodies the aesthetic ideals of the Queen Anne style through its design and detailing and shows the type of house that attracted prosperous Napans at the end of the Victorian era.
It has been represented by Democratic Senator Kevin Cavanaugh since his victory in a 2017 special election to replace deceased fellow Democrat Scott McGilvray.
District 16 covers parts of Hillsborough, Merrimack, and Rockingham Counties, including the towns of Bow, Candia, Dunbarton, and Hooksett, as well as the city of Manchester's 1st, 2nd, and 12th wards.
Ford made his professional debut on March 15, 2019, scoring a four-round unanimous decision victory over Weusi Johnson at the Liacouras Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He had four more wins in 2019; a four-round points decision over Aleksandrs Birkenbergs in May; a first-round knockout over Isidro Figueroa in June; and a four-round unanimous decision over Rafael Castillo in September.
In April 2019 in Sheremetyevo International Airport, Russian authorities arrested Israeli-American Naama Issachar (), a transit passenger flying from India to Israel, for alleged drug smuggling.
On 11 October 2019 a Russian court sentenced her to seven and a half years in prison on drug possession and smuggling charges.
Issachar's family and Israeli officials said that Russia told them she would be released if Aleksey Burkov (), a Russian national pending extradition from Israel to the United States on suspicion of committing cyber crimes, was released to Russia.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu subsequently personally requested from Russian President Vladimir Putin a pardon for Issachar, which Putin said he would consider.
In December 2019, Israeli Justice Ministry transferred historical in Jerusalem to Russian Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, which many commenters linked to negotiating Issachar’s release.
The 2019–20 UTEP Miners basketball team represent the University of Texas at El Paso during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Miners, led by second-year head coach Rodney Terry, play their home games at the Don Haskins Center as members of Conference USA.
Johnny Gerard Plate (born 10 September 1956) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the Minister of Communication and Information Technology in Joko Widodo's Onward Indonesia Cabinet since 2019.
Previously, he served in the People's Representative Council for five years, and had been reelected for a second term in the 2019 election.
In the early 1980s, he entered the business of agricultural equipment, during a boom in new plantations in Kalimantan and Papua.
Johnny ran in the 2014 legislative election as a Nasdem Party candidate in the East Nusa Tenggara 1 electoral district, and he successfully secured a seat after winning 33,704 votes.
The prototype began underwater testing in 2012 and it is meant to eventually explore the interior of water worlds in the Solar System, such as Europa or Enceladus.
On Earth, aquatic life is often found at the ice-water interface, so researchers designed the robotic rover to be buoyant and use its two wheels ( each) to roll along beneath the ice and look for life or their biosignatures.
The sealed air-filled cylindrical body, along with closed-cell foam inside of cone-shaped wheels, provides buoyancy force to enable roving along the underside of the ice.
In can safely power down to save battery, turning on only when it needs to take a measurement, so it could spend months observing the under-ice environment at time intervals.
One preliminary concept for delivering such vehicles through the ice shell is a nuclear-powered tunneling robot called Cryobot, proposed by German engineers.
The 25th Critics' Choice Awards were presented on January 12, 2020 at the Barker Hangar at the Santa Monica Airport, together with its television awards, honoring the finest achievements of 2019 filmmaking.
The St. Helena Public Cemetery, at 2461 Spring St. in St. Helena, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
Torelli worked with the prolific Massiera as musician, composer, arranger and occasionally co-producer, on numerous prog rock and space disco albums and projects during the late 1970s.
Around 2000, he founded the software company Nomad Factory, responsible for creating programs and software for audio recording, mixing and mastering.
An example is Tupelo Honey which: bees are moved to the area where the Tupelo tree blooms, and the resulting honey is from that flower only.
In 2018 Martin was awarded the Diversity Champion Award at the London Tech Week TechXLR8 Awards and in 2019 was honoured by the Mayor of London for his efforts to make technology more diverse.
Alongside his teaching he worked toward a bachelor's degree at the University of Surrey where he earned a computer science degree in 2005.
His experience at the Harris Academy inspired him to work toward a master's degree in education at London South Bank University.
The local structure is a term in nuclear spectroscopy that refers to the structure of the nearest neighbours around an atom in crystals and molecules.
However, crystals in reality are never perfect and have impurities or defects, which means, that a foreign atom resides on a lattice site or inbetween lattice sites (interstitials).
These small defects and impurities cannot be seen by methods such as X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction, because these methods average in their nature of measurement over a large number of atoms and thus are insensitive to effects in local structure.
The nucleus therefore becomes very senstive to small changes in its hyperfine structure, that can be measured by methods of nuclear spectroscopy, such as e.g.
With the same methods, the local magnetic fields in a crystal structure can also be probed and provide a magnetic local structure.
This is of great importance for the understanding of defects in magnetic materials, which have wide range of applications such as modern magnetic materials or the giant magnetoresistance effect, that is used in materials in the reader heads of harddrives.
Research of the local structure of materials have become an important tool for the understanding of properties especially in functional materials, such as used in electronics, chips, batteries, semiconductors, or solar cells.
Prithi Chand (1558-1618) was the eldest son of Guru Ram Das – the fourth Guru of Sikhism, and the eldest brother of Guru Arjan – the fifth Guru.
He wanted to inherit the Sikh Guruship from his father, who instead favored and appointed his youngest son the 18-year old Arjan Das as the next Guru.
His followers gained control of the Sikh holy city of Amritsar and neighboring region, while Guru Hargobind – the sixth Guru of Sikhism, had to relocate his Guruship to the Himalayan Shivalik foothills.
Chand and his followers rejected Guru Arjan and Guru Hargobind as the official followers of Guru Nanak – the founder of Sikhism.
His poetic abilities and his distribution of hymns of Guru Nanak and those of his own, likely triggered Guru Arjan to formulate and release the official first edition of the Adi Granth.
In the hagiographies and official Sikh history written by Chand's opposition, Chand is accused of attempting to poison Hargobind when he was a boy.
He and his descendants – Manohar Das (Miharban) and Harji (Hariji) – are also accused of conspiring with the Muslim leaders such as Sulahi Khan to hurt and end the later Sikh Gurus, as well prevent them from entering Amritsar.
His son Manohar Das, popularly known as Miharvan, grew up closely attached to both his father Prithi Chand and his uncle Guru Arjan.
According to the literature of the Miharvan Sikhs, the pothi was given to Prithi Chand by Guru Arjan and this was in part the reason they claimed authenticity of their hymns and movement.
The wars of Guru Gobind Singh against the Muslim commanders and the rise of the militant Khalsa ultimately ended the control of Amritsar by the followers of Prithi Chand.
According to Gurinder Singh Mann, the Sodhis of Guru Harsahai (35 kilometers west of Faridkot) and of Malwa region are the descendants of the Prithi Chand and Miharvan movement.
In 1999 he adapted it into a stage play at the Queen's Theatre in London which starred Maggie Smith who received a Best Actress nomination at the 2000 Olivier Awards and which was directed by Nicholas Hytner.
On 21 February 2009 it was broadcast as a radio play on BBC Radio 4, with Maggie Smith reprising her role and Alan Bennett playing himself.
The film was shot in and around Bennett's old house in Camden Town, where the real Miss Shepherd spent 15 years on his driveway.
Other residents included the novelist and screenwriter Deborah Moggach; writer Susannah Clapp; poet and playwright Louis MacNeice and the Labour MP Giles Radice.
The 1967 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1967 NCAA College Division football season.
In their eighth season under head coach Earl Banks, the Bears compiled a perfect 8–0 record, won the CIAA championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 285 to 78.
Usually the structure of IPCs formed will depend on many factors, including the nature of interacting polymers, concentrations of their solutions, nature of solvent, presence of inorganic ions or organic molecules in solutions, etc.
Mixing of dilute polymer solutions usually leads to formation of IPCs as a colloidal dispersion, whereas more concentrated polymer solutions form IPCs in the form of a gel.
Methods to study interpolymer complexes could be classified into (1) approaches to demonstrate the fact of the complex formation and to determine the composition of IPCs in solutions; (2) approaches to study the structure of IPCs formed; (3) methods to characterize IPCs in solid state.
Elvira won three gold medals in the youth category at the 2018 Biathlon Junior World Championships in Otepää; in the 10 km individual, the 3 × 6 km relay and the 6 km sprint respectively.
Origo is the second extended play by Polish singer and songwriter Natalia Nykiel, released 15 November 2019 through Universal Music Polska.
The first usage of muskets is reported in 1450, according to Marlin Barleti, who writes that Scanderbegs forces had, among other guns, roughly 500 muskets.
Some rifles had a fish tail butt (known as Tyta in Albanian) with a stock sheathed in steel, and pierced and engraved with motifs in rococo taste.
Albanian muskets were considered important to Albanian independence and customs through out the centuries and there was a belief that you could not part an Albanian from his rifle.
Albania was the birthplace of western Balkan flintlock rifles inspired by the Italian models with rocks used in workships from Hajmel in the region of Shkodër.
The most famous Albanian gunsmiths in the 18th to 19th century were in Prizren, Pejë, Shkodra and Elbasan, as well as in Debar, Tetovo and Skopje and Ioannina.
Alongside the rifles, there were also the Pejë holster pistol, the most common one in the 19th century and the Albanian blunderbuss.
In 1872, the Ottomans purchased thousands of American made Peabody Martini rifle which were common amongst Albanian highlanders who cherished them as the cartridge cases were easy to refill and cheaper than bolt-action mechanisms.
He is a product of the academy of FC Zenit Saint Petersburg and was first included in their Russian Premier League roster for the 2016–17 season.
In the summer of 2019, he was one of 10 players that transferred from Zenit to the Russian Premier League newcomer PFC Sochi.
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Sochi on 8 December 2019 in a game against FC Rubin Kazan.
Dolman played for Bristol City for three years, signing for Luton Town in 1936, helping the club win the 1936–37 Third Division South.
Dolman lost his place in the Luton line-up in November 1938, signing for Chelmsford City briefly in March 1939, before the outbreak of World War II.
The 25th Air Cavalry Brigade was formed on June 15, 1994 as the 25th Air Cavalry Division, inheriting the traditions of the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade.
It was not just traditions that were inherited from its predecessors, with the formation's role also intended to be similar to that of the old role of cavalry, which was now replaced by heli-borne troops instead of mounted troops.
This enables the brigade to have a high degree of maneuverability, being able to be transported rapidly to strategic or tactical situations.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The 62nd Jero was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone.
Equipped with L3/35 tankettes the LXII battalion fought in the early stages of the Western Desert Campaign and was destroyed by the British XIII Corps in the Battle of Bardia on 5 January 1941.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
Hilda came to London to stidy art and the sisters became early members of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), the suffragettes, taking part in activist protest events, leading to prison sentences for Irene.
The sisters both boycotted the 1911 Census, whilst resident at 36 St George's Mansions, Red Lion Square as a protest at being counted by the British government whilst denied the right to vote for it.
Hilda Dallas was seen in a poster parade encouraging women to come to the demonstration at the House of Commons on 30 June 1908 with Dorothy Hartopp Radcliffe, Charlotte Marsh and Dora Spong in the strand earlier in June 1908.
Irene Dallas was studying maths whilst already in prison and the prison governor wrote, on 9 October 1908, to the Home Office, for permission for her to be sent an Algebra & Geometry and a Trigonometry book, as she was preparing for the Cambridge University entrance examinations.
Hilda Dallas was an artist, involved in the Suffragette Atelier, from 1909, which trained and supported artists to create media in favour of women's suffrage.
On 25 January 1909, Irene Dallas went in a taxi with Katherine Douglas Smith and Frances Bartlett to 10 Downing Street, after Lucy Norris and Mary Clarke had been turned away from seeing the Prime Minister, H.H.Asquith.
Dallas and the others crossed a triple strength police cordon, asked to see the Prime Minister and, as with the earlier three women, had tried to 'force their way' in, and all were arrested, and imprisoned at Holloway alongside Constance Lytton who had refused to do that particular 'disagreeable job', and felt remorse later.
Miss Dallas () was the secretary to the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) fife and drum band which performed at a women's suffrage event at the Prince's Ice Rink in May 1909 and in following weeks played outside to 'inspire' hunger-strking suffragettes in Holloway Prison.
Irene Dallas had a role in organising the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) protest procession in June 1910, and had colour co-ordinated the banners coming from different unions which can be seen along with the WSPU fife and drum band in films of the procession.
At the 1911 Census, both sisters were marked as 'evaders', when women refused their legal duty to be counted in the population census as they viewed that they were not 'citizens', since being unable to vote.
Located along Dale, Ethan Allen, and Allendale Streets southwest of downtown Worcester, these buildings were built between 1910 and 1930, and are a stylistically diverse collection, including examples of Classical Revival, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Craftsman architecture.
The historic district is located southwest of downtown Worcester, and includes nine buildings located on Dale, Ethan Allen, and Allendale Streets, residential side streets located between Chandler and Main Streets.
The central portion of the estate, where his Greek Revival mansion had been located and these streets now run, was not developed until after the mansion was torn down, probably in the 1910s.
Isadore Katz, a prominent real estate developer of the period, was responsible for two of the buildings on Dale Street, virtually identical buildings designed by Edwin T. Chapin.
Morris Grossman, a Jewish immigrant, built the third building on the east side of Dale, with Chapin also credited with its design.
The 14th Congress of Deputies is the current meeting of the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Spanish Cortes Generales, with the membership determined by the results of the general election held on 10 November 2019.
At the election the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the largest party in the Congress of Deputies but fell short of a majority again.
The new congress met for the first time on 3 December 2019 and after two rounds of voting Meritxell Batet (PSOE) was elected as President of the Congress of Deputies with the support of the Unidos Podemos–En Comú Podem (UP–ECP) and various nationalist and regionalist parties.
Other members of the Bureau of the Congress of Deputies were also elected on 21 May 2019: Alfonso Rodríguez (PSOE), First Vice-President; Ana Pastor (PP), Second Vice-President; Gloria Elizo (UP), Third Vice-President; Ignacio Gil (Vox), Fourth Vice-President; Gerardo Pisarello (ECP), First Secretary; Sofía Hernanz (PSOE), Second Secretary; Javier Sánchez (UP), Third Secretary; and Adolfo Suárez (PP), Fourth Secretary.
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 18 and 20 October.
In 2017, Sourceress raised $3.5 million in funding from investors including Lightspeed Venture Partners, OpenAI researchers, Y Combinator, and Dropbox founders Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi.
Prior to Sourceress, Kanjun served as the first Chief of Staff at Dropbox as the company scaled from 200 to 1200 people.
Kanjun is a Sequoia Capital Scout and the co-author of Sew Electric, a book that uses sewing to teach computer science to middle and high school students.
Kanjun studied computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worked as a Graduate Researcher at the MIT Media Lab and paid her way by writing high-frequency trading algorithms to trade the stock market.
The Kerch railway bridge (), also the Kerch Bridge (), was a Soviet Russian railway bridge across the Kerch Strait, a strait connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov.
Materials left from a unbuilt bridge of the occupying German forces were used by the Soviets in the construction of their bridge, Although it was opened for transport in autumn that year, construction was still incomplete, and December 1944 storms halted construction.
By that time only part of the protective starkwaters were completed, and in February 1945 ice severely damaged the bridge, destroying the bridge pillars.
Two routes were considered, northern, from Yenikale to Chushka Spit, and southern, which was to cross Kerch Strait via Tuzla Spit.
The northern variant allowed for usage of existing railway infrastructure and therefore was cheaper, but the railroad in this case would be longer and would have passed in the northern part of the Taman Peninsula, avoiding most economically developed areas of it.
Not until World War II and the German invasion of the Soviet Union was the idea of a fixed link across the Kerch Strait taken up again.
Following outbreak of the German–Soviet hostilities in 1941, construction of a fixed link across the Kerch Strait gained new importance, to ensure stable supply of military units arose of both combatants.
With a daily capacity of 1,000 tons, the ropeway just sufficed to meet the defensive needs of the German 17th Army.
On 7 March 1943 Hitler ordered the construction of a combined road and railway bridge over the Strait of Kerch within six months, to push for the German invasion of the North Caucasus.
Construction began in April 1943, but before it was completed, in September 1943 concentrated Soviet attacks began on the bridgehead, accelerating the German retreat.
Since June 1943, when Soviet intelligence learned that Nazi Germany was constructing a Kerch Strait bridge, information about it was allocated a special section in further intelligence reports.
The Soviets also were interested in using a bridge: in January 1944, even before the liberation of Kerch by the Red Army (which would took place on 11 April, during the Crimean offensive), the State Defense Committee ordered the construction of a railway bridge across the strait, demanding that such bridge shall be ready by 15 July 1944.
By the time of the liberation of Kerch the engineering design was underway and general construction had begun on the eastern adjacent roads and on the causeway on the Caucasus shore.
470 anti-air platforms, 294 anti-air guns, 132 searchlights, 96 fighters and two radars were involved in defence of the construction site from air attacks and their detection.
To hasten opening of the bridge the construction works were divided into two stages, but the government-demanded deadline was impossible to accomplish.
By that time only structures dedicated for the first stage were created, while to ensure protection of the bridge from storms and ice flows there was still much work to do.
Severely worsened weather conditions in December 1944, and more frequent winter storms, prevented completion of construction, and also began to inflict damage on the fixed link itself.
In February 1945 drift ice, propelled by a northeastern wind from the Sea of Azov towards the incomplete bridge, inflicted fatal damage, with only five protective starkwaters ready by that time.
On 18–19 February 1945, ice destroyed 24 pillars and 26 spans (of 110) fell into the strait; by 20 February 1945, 42 pillars and 48 spans were destroyed.
Attempts to weaken the ice by artillery and ground-based ice blasting were ineffective, and aerial bombing of ice was impossible due to a very bad weather.
The main reason of the failure was a lack of effective protection of the bridge, resulting largely from the wrong decision to allocate protective measures to a second stage of construction.
Other construction (and design) errors contributing to a collapse of the bridge included inconsistency between small-span design and ice regime in that area of the strait, construction of the bridge with incomplete engineering inquiry (wich resulted in wavering on the needed ice protection measures), and lack of technical, material and work-force supply of the construction.
Much of this stemmed from hurried approach to the project, which also depended on the use of German leftovers from their incomplete bridge.
Design errors meant that even if the bridge was repaired, a collapse similar to one that happened in February 1945 could recur.
On 31 May 1945, the State Defense Committee deemed repair of the destroyed bridge unfeasible, which meant demolition of its remnants.
The bridge started at Chushka Spit as about -long stone dam, crossed the strait and ended at a low-level shore of the Yenikale Peninsula, between and .
The bridge used piles up to long, the bridge was long and about wide, it had 111 -long ordinary spans, two movable -long spans and two movable -long spans.
During the bridge construction, connected railways were constructed towards it from Sennaya on the Cacuasus shore, and from the on the Crimean shore.
Railway links between Port Kavkaz and Sennaya and Port Krym and Kerch railway stations were also under construction: the first was to be a -long railway, the second one would be -long.
The failure of the 1944-1945 bridge did not mean immediate abandonment of the idea of a fixed link across the Kerch Strait by the Soviet government; indeed, construction of a new, permanent two-purpose (combined road-rail) bridge was decreed in 1949, and preparatory work had already started two years earlier.
From that time, the bridge idea fell into hibernation for decades: while from time to time it was proposed to construct such a link in one form or another, it did not became reality or even went beyond proposals.
By then the Soviet Union itself had dissolved and Crimea became separated from Russia not only geographically (by the Kerch Strait), but also by an international border, between Russia and the independent state of Ukraine.
But in February – March 2014 Russia annexed Crimea and, amidst international non-recognition of the annexation and worsened relations with Ukraine (which at that time was the only state with overland links to Crimea), decided to build road and rail bridges across the Kerch Strait.
Dubbed the Crimean Bridge by the Russian government, the link became operational for road transport in 2018, opened to passenger trains at the end of 2019, and is to commence carrying freight trains in 2020.
The largest contributors to these cities becoming unlivable are the combined effects of climate change (manifested through sea-level rise, intensifying storms, and storm surge), land subsidence, and accelerated urbanization.
Many of the world’s largest and most rapidly growing cities are located along rivers and coasts, exposing these focal points of economic and cultural activity to natural disasters.
A number of theories have been presented, and to date, there is insufficient evidence to support a single root cause which led to the formation of cities.
Agriculture, increased economic productivity, and superior social organization are often cited as key contributing factors that gave rise to these ancient cities, although there likely were other factors at play.
These areas are particularly vulnerable to climate related hazards, but since ancient times, have also been preferred areas for human settlement.
Soil fertility, availability of fresh water from rivers, accessibility due to flat topographical relief, and sea and waterways allowing for trade routes, have long made coastal plains valuable agricultural and economic resources.
Throughout history, these areas have continued to develop, and today, are some of the most densely populated regions in the word.
The growing physical risks to many coastal cities stem from a combination of factors relating to rapid urbanization, climate change, and land subsidence.
In many cases, the fundamental aspects that lead to sinking cities become tightly interwoven, and over time, are increasingly difficult to resolve.
Once cities reach maturity, it can take decades for local governments to develop, fund, and execute major infrastructure projects to alleviate the issues brought on by rapid urbanization.
Currently, the Asian urban population is increasing by 140,000 per day and is expected to nearly double from 1.25 billion in 2006 to 2.4 billion by 2030.
Climate change, a result of global warming, will impact all regions of the earth, however, its impacts are unlikely to be evenly dispersed.
The risks posed by climate change will continue to grow into the next century, even if a dramatic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is achieved, due to the built-in momentum from previous emissions.
The report goes on to emphasize that countries must increase their nationally determined contributions threefold to remain below the 2°C goal and more than fivefold to achieve the 1.5°C goal.
Storm surges and high tides could combine with sea level rise and land subsidence to further increase flooding in many regions.
Asia's coastal megacities are particularly at risk as some cities' flood protections have been sited as inadequate for even 30-year flood events.
Although reports vary widely in predicting the height of sea-level rise in the future, IPCC estimates predict a 1 meter rise over the next century.
As sea-levels continue to rise, coastal cities face challenges of properly modeling and preparing for the increased storm surges brought on by tropical storms.
Studies conducted by the NOAA also suggest a 2°C increase in global temperatures will lead to a greater proportion of tropical storms that reach Category 4 and Category 5 levels.
Additionally, climate change may cause a change in the paths of tropical cyclones, bringing storms to places which have previously not had to contend with major hurricanes.
Direct impacts are often in the form of structural damage to major infrastructure systems, including water management networks, buildings, and highways.
Land subsidence also further adds to the growing risk of coastal flooding, and oftentimes, the net rate of subsidence exceeds that of sea-level rise.
In Bangkok, the Gulf of Thailand is rising 0.25 cm per year, but the city is sinking at a far faster rate, up to 4 cm per year.
Due to the dense populations along river deltas, industrial development, and relaxed or no environmental protections, river waters often became polluted.
When groundwater is extracted from aquifers in the subsurface more rapidly than it is able to recharge, voids are created beneath the earth.
Depending on the geology of the region, subsidence may occur rapidly, as in many coastal plains, or more slowly if large bedrock exists in a region.
Venice is often referenced as an example of a city suffering from subsidence, however, it is a relatively minor case with mostly historical origins.
Many cities do not possess the resources necessary to conduct complex, and often expensive, geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological studies required to accurately measure and model future land subsidence.
Although the early cultures drew water from the same lakes and aquifers, they were merely 300,000 people as compared to the city's current population of 21 million.
The city is also currently plagued with water shortage issues emphasizing a common positive feedback loop that exists within sinking cities.
As cities continue to grow, fueled by global urbanization, countries will continue to invest additional resources to accommodate the growing populations.
Every day, sinking cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to natural disasters, many of which, are a critical component of their national economies', and some, of the global economy.
While natural catastrophes cause average economic losses between USD $60-100 billion annually, a single large-scale disaster can easily surpass this, as proven by Hurricanes Sandy and Maria.
Numerous sinking cities throughout the world are becoming ever more exposed to natural disasters, many of which, do not have the financial means to prepare for the impending storms.
In July and August, floods at high tide often near the subway level in Mumbai, clearly indicative of the impending climate dangers.
Ho Chi Minh City currently accounts for 40% of Vietnam's GDP and has become especially vulnerable due to rising sea-levels, land subsidence, and continued urbanization.
Bangkok is also highly exposed to river flooding, as a major storm could have potentially massive impacts to the national economy.
Although many US cities are less exposed and better equipped to handle the impacts of climate change, in some cases, US cities are especially susceptible in terms of economic risk.
In a study conducted by Zillow, the real estate firm found that a combined $882 billion worth of real estate would be underwater if sea-level were to rise by six feet.
New York City alone accounts for approximately 8% of the United States GDP and has experienced costly storms within the past decade.
Asian urbanization will be accompanied by a significant increase in the number of urban poor as migrants continue to move to cities in hopes of economic prosperity.
One report by OECD examined the vulnerability of 130 major port cities to climate change and found that by 2070 approximately half of the total population threatened by coastal flooding would reside in just ten megacities, all but one located in Asia.
Another report analyzed the 616 largest metropolitan areas home to 1.7 billion people and cover approximately USD 34,000 billion of global GDP.
The urban poor will bear a disproportionate burden of climate change risk as they are likely to settle in areas most prone to flooding.
Hurricane Katrina, in New Orleans, disproportionately impacted low income and minority communities as the wealthiest communities are situated above sea-level, and thus, further protected from major storms.
Highly impacted areas, such as Orleans Parish and the 9th Ward, predominately contain minority communities and therefore the impacts are unevenly dispersed.
In the coming decades, as impending storms begin to damage large sinking cities, environmental refugees are likely to become a global phenomena.
Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is home to 10 million people and is one of the fastest sinking cities in the world.
Almost half the city sits below sea-level, and some researchers believe if the subsidence issues continue to go unchecked parts of the city will be entirely submerged by 2050.
Jakarta's environmental issues have become so dire that the Indonesian government has proposed the capital be moved from Jakarta to a yet-to-be-built city in Kalimantan.
The move hopes to ease some of the inequality and growing population issues on Jakarta by relocating a large portion of the population to the new capital.
The controversial move is not unprecedented, but is likely one of the first capital relocations to be driven by environmental forces.
Some of the vulnerabilities of sinking cities are unable to be controlled by engineering projects, like climate change, so it is essential that urban officials are aware of the risks and vulnerabilities posed on their region.
This starts by conducting local and regional assessments that analyze city-level flood risks, and culminates in creating a long term resiliency plan for cities.
Shanghai implemented an active recharge technique, which actively pumps an equal amount of water back into the subsurface as water is extracted.
For many sinking cities, adaptation is a more realistic strategy as many of the feedback loops associated with urbanization are too strong to overcome.
The cost of adaptation to climate change required by developing countries, mostly in Asia, is estimated by the World Bank at USD $75-100 billion per annum.
A major component of adapting to climate change is the installation of flood protections, warning systems/evacuation planning, and land use and spatial planning.
Construction of large sea walls, dikes, and diversion channels, are underway in many cities, but these solutions often only limit damage and must be combined with warning systems and evacuation plans.
Warning systems and evacuation plans are likely the only response in coping with large-scale disasters to avoid significant loss of life.
However, as seen during Hurricane Katrina, evacuation is not easily executed, as residents are often unwilling to abandon their unprotected property.
By allowing buffer space for rivers the flood naturally, sinking cities can reduce the risk of floods that impact the established built environment.
Gas-rich meteorites are meteorites with high levels of primordial gases, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and sometimes other elements.
The identification of gas-rich meteorites is based on the presence of light noble gases in large amounts, at levels which cannot be explained without involving an additional component over and above the well-known noble gas components that are present in all meteorites.
William Ramsay was the first to report helium in an iron meteorite, in 1895- not long after its first Earth sample, instead of via Solar observation.
The use of decay products to date meteorites was suggested by Bauer in 1947, and explicitly published by Gerling and Pavlova in 1951.
However, this soon resulted in wildly varying ages; it was realized excess helium (including helium-3, rare on Earth) was generated by radiation, too.
The first explicit publication of a gas-rich meteorite was Staroe Pesyanoe (often shortened to Pesyanoe), by Gerling and Levskii in 1956.
The first publication of presolar grains in the 1980s was precipitated by workers searching for noble gases; PSGs were not simply checked via their gas contents.
Material age can be determined by relative exposure to direct solar and cosmic radiation (by cosmic ray tracks), and indirect creation of resultant nuclides.
Meteoritical studies have tracked the progress of mass spectrometry, a continual and rapid progression comparable to or greater than Moore's Law.
The women's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 20 October.
The 1969 Alcorn A&M Braves football team was an American football team that represented Alcorn A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during 1969 NCAA College Division football season.
In their fourth season under head coach Marino Casem, Alcorn compiled an 8–0–1 record (6–0–1 against conference opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 274 to 82.
It reflects elements from the nativity story, the Annunciation to the shepherds, their walk to the manger and their Adoration, inviting to follow their example.
The song is in the tradition of shepherd songs, derived from the Annunciation to the shepherds and the Adoration of the Shepherds from the Gospel of Luke (Luke 2:8-20).
The story of two NYPD officers, Gregory Philip Foster and Rocco W. Laurie, who were murdered while on patrol in the East Village, Manhattan, New York City in 1972.
Talia Shire, who plays the widow, Adelaide Laurie, was at the time of this televisions movies between her roles in the acclaimed classics The Godfather and Rocky.
Julie Marie Harris (born 1967) is the Director of Research in the School of Psychology and Neuroscience and a Professor of Vision Science at the University of St Andrews.
She moved to the University of Oxford for her doctoral studies and earned her Doctor of Philosophy degree under the supervision of Andrew J. Parker in 1992.
To do this she added binocular disparity noise to a stereogram and compared judgements of depths made by a human with those made by an ideal detector with the correct disparity.
Harris studies visual systems; and in particular what environmental information a given visual system can process and how it makes use of the information.
As part of this research Harris uses psychophysical, computational and behavioural approaches, which allow her to understand the processes that underlie human vision and how they connect to motor action.
Through her work Harris looks to uncover countershading, a means by which animal species disrupt shape perception, how the brain perceives motion, shape and depth and different eye movements.
In 2019 Harris and co-workers uncovered how the brain processes three-dimensional information; establishing that the brain separated motion signals into two distinct pathways as they move from the eye to the brain.
These signals – of which one arrives quickly and the other slowly – allow for information to be extracted simultaneously from each pathway, and alert the visual system that there is a three-dimensional object.
Alongside her work on animal camouflage and three-dimensional vision, Harris has investigate the relationship between visual sensory and visuo-motor behaviour during the training of elite athletes.
The song was written by A. Matheus, Andy Clay, and Rassel Marcano and produced by Armando Avila and was released by Sony Music Latin as the second single from the album in the United States on January 20, 2015.
The performance drew attention because of two incidents: one after Becky G turned her head away as Thalía was going to kiss her forehead and another when Thalía messed up the choreography and accidentally placed her hand on Becky's private area.
The 2019 HEC O'Connor Cup was won by University of Limerick who defeated UCD by 2–16 to 1–10 in the final.
Queen's University and UCC reached the semi-finals while DCU defeated NUI Galway by 3–18 to 0–6 to win the Michael O'Connor Shield.
UCD, Queen's University and NUI Galway were placed in Group A while University of Limerick, UCC and DCU, were placed in Group B.
The O'Connor Shield play off, the two O'Connor Cup semi-finals and the final all formed part of the O'Connor Cup Weekend which was hosted by DIT GAA and the GAA Centre of Excellence in Abbotstown.
Men's ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920 (it was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and was permanently added to the Winter Olympic Games in 1924).
Teemu Selänne has scored the most goals, with 24, and has the most points, 43 while Saku Koivu have has the most assists, with 21.
Selänne and Raimo Helminen have competed in the most Olympics, having taken part in six tournaments, while Helminen has played the most games of any skater, with 39.
Two players, Jari Kurri and Teemu Selänne, have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, while 17 players have been inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame, though Kalevi Numminen was inducted as a builder and Unto Wiitala as a referee.
Miguel Ángel Ramírez Medina (born 23 October 1984) is a Spanish football manager, currently in charge of Ecuadorian club Independiente del Valle.
In 2011 he moved to Greece, initially to work at AEK FC's youth setup, but subsequently worked at Panathinaikos FC and Olympiacos due to the economic crisis.
In 2012, after a year back at Las Palmas, Ramírez spent a few months working as a scout for Deportivo Alavés before moving to Qatar, joining the Aspire Academy.
In 2018, after being also in charge of Qatar's under-14 football team and being assistant of compatriot Félix Sánchez Bas in the under-19s, he moved to Ecuador and was appointed manager of CSD Independiente del Valle's under-18 squad.
On 7 May 2019, after compatriot Ismael Rescalvo was appointed in charge of CS Emelec, Ramírez was appointed manager of the first team.
He led the club to the title of the 2019 Copa Sudamericana, the first of his career and the first international accolade of the club's history.
Nair is a co-founder and a former president of Fielding Nair International (FNI), and a founding president of Education Design International (EDI).
Some of those projects won industry design awards for excellence, including the James D. MacConnell Award — the highest award conferred by the Association for Learning Environments, A4LE — for Dr. Phinnize J. Fisher Middle School in Greenville, South Carolina (2015) and for the Reece High School in Tasmania, Australia (2003).
José Antonio Rodríguez Martínez (born 26 May 1931) is a Spanish politician and former President of Cantabria between 1982 and 1984.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The 60th Locatelli was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone.
Equipped with L3/35 tankettes the LX battalion fought in the early stages of the Western Desert Campaign and was destroyed during the Battle of Sidi Barrani near Buq Buq by the British Western Desert Force.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
Additionally the battalion was equipped with modern Leopard 1A2 tanks and the brigade's infantry battalions were equipped with VCC-1 armored personnel carriers.
In fall 2001 the 133rd Tank Regiment was disbanded and its war flag transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
El botones Sacarino (bellhop Saccharino) is a Spanish comic character of the series of the same name created by Francisco Ibáñez Talavera in 1963 focusing on the comic adventures of a clumsy bellhop and the disasters he unintentionally caused in the office he worked for.
The character was heavily inspired by Andre Franquin's Gaston Lagaffe, indeed it is somewhat of a merge between him and Spirou (the latter because of the bellhop uniform).
The dynamic of the series also changed, as it was usually the President being harmed by the consequences of Sacarino's actions and ideas, with the Director being mistakenly blamed for them (Sacarino still maintained the sympathy of the readers, because his gaffes were unintentional and because the Director was very despotic with his employees).
After 1980, Ibáñez did no longer drew the series, all strips after this date are from other Bruguera authors, most of them uncredited.
Nāṣīf ibn Ilyās Munʿim al-Maʿlūf (; 20 March 1823 – 14 May 1865), commonly known in the West as Nassif Mallouf, was a Lebanese lexicographer.
He was a member of the Société Asiatique, a professor of Eastern literature at the Collège de la Propagande at Smyrna, and Secretary-Interpreter to the irregular Anglo-Ottoman cavalry.
He has been working on the development of GPR since the 1970s and was one of the lead researchers on the surface electrical properties experiment conducted on the Moon during the Apollo 17 mission.
Annan graduated from University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in engineering science in 1968 and a Master of Science degree in geophysics in 1970.
In 1972, Annan was one of the researchers on the surface electrical properties (SEP) experiment on the Apollo 17 mission to the Moon.
SEP was the subject of Annan’s graduate school research and used radio waves to scan as far as a few kilometres below the surface of the Moon.
When the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research was founded at the University of Waterloo in 1987, Annan joined the centre as a part-time researcher and adjunct professor.
Annan has been a member of Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) since 1969 and has received the SEG’s Cecil Green Enterprise Award.
At SEG, he served as chair of the Mining Committee, president of the Near-Surface Geophysics Section (NSGS), which he founded, and as editor of NSGS’s newsletter Near Surface Views.
Annan is also a member of the Canadian Exploration Geophysical Society and lectured about near-surface geophysics in the society’s KEGS Special Lecture program in 2015.
This land was first acquired by the War Department during the First World War; by 1917 it was serving as an Air Acceptance Park with an aerodrome attached.
After the war, in 1922, the Royal Army Service Corps took over the site and buildings to serve as its Mechanical Transport Depot.
1 Vehicle Reserve Depot and it continued to serve as a Central Vehicle Depot (CVD) and Central Ordnance Depot (COD) of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps after the war (the RAOC having taken over responsibility for vehicle storage from the RASC in 1942).
In 1962 part of the site was taken over by military intelligence as a facility specialising in the gathering and analysis of cartographic data.
The closure of CVD Feltham was announced in 1969 and in 1970 COD Feltham was redesignated as an Ordnance Support Unit (OSU).
In the 1970s the tramways were removed and a sizeable area to the south of the site was sold for redevelopment.
In the 21st century the site remained in use as the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC) 'its primary role [being] to provide land maps, aeronautical charts, positional information, geo-referenced imagery and digital data in [various] formats for UK defence planning, operations and training'.
In 2012 DGC had a (largely civilian) staff of 400; its library included a global collection of over 700,000 maps, charts and atlases.
The App is an 2019 Italian drama directed by Elisa Fuksas, written by Elisa Fuksas and Lucio Pellegrini, and starring Vincenzo Crea, Jessica Cressy and Greta Scarano.
This area contains the most northern exposures of the Chinle Formation, which is famous for its Late Triassic fossils of dinosaurs and other reptiles.
Tentative terrestrial reptile biostratigraphy estimates that the Eagle Basin fossils, which were preserved in red siltstone, belong to the Revueltian biozone of the mid to late Norian stage of the Triassic, 215-207 million years ago.
There are replacement pits on the inner edge of the tooth row similar to those of thyreophorans, and smaller and more numerous pits on the outer surface of the maxilla.
The inner surface of the maxilla has a thick medial flange, which droops down to the tooth row as a smooth triangular blade.
These complex traits include a posterolateral flange which likely shielded part of the jugal, a pair of deep dorsomedial grooves (likely articulating with the lacrimal and jugal), and a broad groove behind the medial flange which likely articulated with the palatine.
As in other sulcimentisaurians, the meckelian groove is positioned close to the lower edge of the jaw and the teeth are constricted at the root.
This hole in the jaw was triangular, edged from below by a posteroventral process of the dentary which also overlapped a partial angular.
Isolated teeth are leaf-shaped, with coarse denticles, slightly flattened sides, and crown tips more than halfway towards the rear of the tooth.
In some of the maxilla, the teeth are short and swollen (almost round in cross section) and become smaller towards the rear of the bone.
This pattern involves replacement teeth being formed along the lingual edge of the tooth row, shifting outwards (at which point the original tooth's attachment dissolves and the tooth detaches), fusing to the leftover socket and leaving behind a replacement pit.
The proximal portion is slightly expanded, but the humeral head is not as thick or straight as that of other silesaurids.
Unlike dinosaurs (but in line with other silesaurids), the deltopectoral crest is small and extends less than a third down the length of the shaft.
Like many basal dinosauromorphs, the brevis shelf merges with the edge of the acetabulum and the rear edge of the postacetabular process has a small pointed extension.
This contrasts with other silesaurids, which have a straight lower edge to the acetabulum, and instead may suggest a partially perforated acetabulum akin to that of dinosaurs.
These include a longitudinal groove on its upper surface, a straight (rather than rounded) articular facet on the medial surface, a distinct notch on its underside, and an overall triangular cross section due to the lack of a distinct posteromedial tuber.
Nevertheless, the notably deep and extensive sulcus present between the medial and lateral condyles is in line with that of other silesaurids.
The codings for the taxon were based on both all the Eagle Basin silesaurid material as well as the dinosauromorph tibiae and scapulae which may additionally belong to it.
The strict consensus tree (average result of all most parsimonious trees) was poorly resolved, with practically all silesaurids in a polytomy along with ornithischians and sauropodomorphs.
The adams consensus tree (in which unstable taxa cluster at the base of the smallest group they are always within) has better resolution.
The timing of silesaurid dietary evolution mirrors the acquisition of herbivory in sauropodomorph dinosaurs, which diversified in southern and eastern portions of Pangea in the Norian stage.
The absence of herbivorous dinosaurs in the Chinle Formation may indicate that they had not yet colonized the northwestern region of Pangea that would eventually become North America.
After graduating from high school, he had discussions with his family about his career choice; but after facing oppositions from his mother, in 1973-74, he entered the Ankara State Conservatory Department of Acting.
Alkaş returned to Cyprus in June 1976 and started to work as a contracted artist at the Turkish Cypriot State Theater.
During this period, he went to serve in the military for two and a half years; but from time to time throughout his military service he took part in theater plays.
In 1980 he was cast out of theater when he took part in a play by Fine Arts Association in Nicosia Culture and Art Festival.
Then, on 3 November 1980, with the approval of the Municipal Council of the Nicosia Turkish Municipality, Alkaş, together with Yaşar Ersoy, Işın Cem and Erol Refikoğlu, founded the Nicosia Municipal Theater.
It became freely available to use under the open-source MIT license, and supports more than 50 chart types in both SVG and canvas.
In 1970, all grocery store clubs formed a union, owing to the desire to unify grocery prices across the country for unionized workers.
Later in the decade, the unified group became called Co-Op The Blue Square, with Benny Gaon appointed as its executive director.
The cooperative founded a new business in 1991, called Co-Op Blue Square Consumer Cooperative Society Limited, in which it held an 82% stake.
It also operated the Hamashbir Lazarchan, bought and the Home Center hardware and household goods chain, had plans to sell Dunkin' Donuts in the Co-Op branches, and it owned the franchise rights for operating IKEA in Israel, but was forced to sell them.
In the 2000s Blue Square operated Sbarro and Pelephone stands in its stores and it also founded the Mega chain, geared toward its Buy and Bonus club members.
In 1996 the cooperative's holdings and the for-profit company merged into Blue Square Israel, and had a public offering in New York under that name.
This privatization was initiated by various members of the cooperative, who had been forced to buy its shares decades earlier, but largely weren't invested in its ideology.
By the 1990s they had wanted to sell their shares on the free market, and this was only possible through privatization.
In 2003, Blue Square Israel was purchased by Alon Group, owner of the energy company Dor Alon, for billion, and became Alon Blue Square.
In December 2019, Alon Blue Square acquired the Gindi family's 50% stake in TLV Fashion Mall, a shopping mall in Tel Aviv, for million, making it the sole owner of the property.
She then sailed as a West Indiaman again, but towards the end of the 1820s started sailing to New South Wales.
She appears to have replaced an earlier that Rutherford owned, and that next year appears with a new master, Pizzie, and owner, Boyman & Co., though still in the London–Jamaica trade.
They put their prisoners into her and sent her off as a cartel to Barbados, which she reached on 10 January 1815.
The 1968 Alcorn A&M Braves football team was an American football team that represented Alcorn A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during 1969 NCAA College Division football season.
In their third season under head coach Marino Casem, Alcorn compiled a 9–1 record (7–1 against conference opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 359 to 85.
The station is owned and operated by SNCF, in the TER Grand Est regional rail network and is served by TGV and TER trains.
The India A women's national cricket team will tour Australia in December 2019 to play in three one-day matches and three twenty-twenty matches.
The new street was named after Princess Charlotte Frederica, the first wife of Christian VIII and the mother of Frederick VII.
The building on the other side of the street was built by Copenhagen Municipality in 1884 as stated in an inscription on the facade.
On the gable of the former Sjællandsgade School is a stone plaque commemorating the reunification of Sønderjylland with Denmark in 1920.
The plaque features a symbolic relief of a woman approaching another woman seated on a klismos, both with their arms stretched out towards eachother as if they are about to embrace.
In 2011, the company opened its first office in the United States, which was located in Atlanta, GA. By 2015, the company opened another international office in Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Since 2014, the company has participated at the CeBIT, Cloud Expo New York, IoT TECHEXPO, DigiMarcon and MobileTech Conference & Summit.
The company was awarded Upwork's Best Agency in 2016, 2017, and 2018 in Ukraine for its expertise in web, mobile, software development.
MobiDev’s data scientists are speakers at international DS/ML conferences and authors of articles on computer vision, speech recognition, deep learning and facial recognition system.
When the United States liberalized immigration for Cubans escaping Castro's regime in 1966, his parents put the 4-year-old on a plane to Miami.
In December 2000, Murgado followed his lifelong dream of owning his own business and purchased the Brickell Automotive Group on S.W.
The dealerships quickly grew from selling hundreds to thousands of vehicles per year, and Murgado has since earned many industry accolades.
In its first year in operation, the Audi dealership won Audi's Elite Magna Society award, the highest honor bestowed upon Audi dealerships.
He has previously served as chairman of the Florida Automobile Dealers Association, the American Honda National Dealer Advisory Board, the board of the South Florida Automobile Dealers Association, the board of trustees of St. Thomas University in Miami and the executive board of the Miami chapter of the Young Presidents' Organization.
Inductee Miami-Dade Hall of Fame, Time Magazine-Dealer of the Year nominee, AIADA Impact Dealer of the Year award 2007, GM Mark of Excellence Award, nominated for 2011 Father of the Year by Father's Day Council & American Diabetes Association, 2011 Ultimate CEO Award from South Florida Business Journal, Automotive News Dealer of Distinction Award.
Angelica Bernal qualified to compete at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the women's singles event at the 2019 Parapan American Games.
In the episodes, months after the death of Gordon Clark (Scoot McNairy), his friends, collaborators, and family ponder the futures of their personal and professional lives.
Joe MacMillan (Lee Pace) and Cameron Howe (Mackenzie Davis) prepare for the relaunch of Comet's website as a web portal, but an unforeseen competitor threatens his company and their relationship.
The episodes were acclaimed by critics, who praised the closure reached for the main characters, the emotional scenes between Donna and Cameron, and the uplifting yet ambiguous ending.
At the startup company Comet, several months after the death of his business partner Gordon Clark (Scoot McNairy), Joe MacMillan (Lee Pace) prepares for the relaunch of their website as a web portal, for which his girlfriend Cameron Howe (Mackenzie Davis) led the software development.
Diane Gould (Annabeth Gish) stops by Donna's house to tell her she must decide whether or not to succeed Diane as managing partner at their venture capital firm AGGEK.
Donna is reluctant to become the new managing partner at AGGEK; however, both Cameron and Haley convince her to take the job.
After receiving a clean bill of health, John Bosworth (Toby Huss) tells his wife Diane that he wants to travel the world together.
While Joe and Cameron review a beta version of Netscape Navigator that her financier Alexa Vonn (Molly Ephraim) had sent her, they find a hyperlink to Yahoo!, an upstart web portal, is prominently placed on the browser's toolbar.
's rise will mean the end of Comet, while AGGEK is selling Rover's search algorithm off so it can revert to its original purpose, indexing medical records.
As he leaves, he is nearly hit by a car before encountering a former colleague from IBM, Dale Butler (David Wilson Barnes), who tells Joe he is excited to see what he does next.
Saying her goodbyes, Cameron stops by Donna's house, where Donna is preparing to host a gala for women in the tech industry.
The gala scene at Donna's house was filmed at a mid-century modern-style home in northeastern Atlanta that was scouted by Kusama, director of photography Evans Brown, and production designer Ola Maslik.
It was chosen for its minimalist architecture that could be easily decorated to reflect Donna's upscale tastes and the period setting.
The staff also thought it would be easier to shoot the swimming pool on location than to replicate it on a sound stage.
Due to a slope in the lawn, Maslik and set designer Lance Totten built a wooden platform on top of it and covered it with sod, giving the lawn a flat appearance.
and lasted four hours; with only an hour of natural dusk, the crew had to simulate it for three hours of the shoot.
The crew also adjusted the balance of ambient outdoor lighting with interior lighting coming from the house; increasing the interior lighting gave the exterior a darker appearance on camera.
The crew were challenged once the sun set, as it became more difficult to add light to a dark setting than to reduce light in a bright setting.
Since close-ups are easier to color grade in post-production than wide shots, the crew waited to film Bishé's coverage until the end of the shoot.
Bishé began filming her coverage at 9:09p.m., by which point the only people on set were the cameramen, Kusama, Rogers, and the homeowner.
About 20 feet of tracks were laid out on the west side of the lawn to accommodate a 15-foot SuperTechnoCrane, which was suspended over the pool for sweeping shots.
For Cameron's fall into the pool at the end of the scene, the crew did a test run with a body double before filming Davis, who only required one take.
Donna's and Cameron's diner scene featured in the closing moments of the series finale was filmed at the Waffle House Museum.
Donna's idea at the end of the scene is never revealed, but the producers ensured that each camera shot in the diner showed an analog aspect of life for which there would be a future digital innovation.
Some of the shots included a person reading a newspaper, a jukebox, a waitress taking an order, and a cash register.
For the production design, Maslik chose a 1990s color palette of dusky rose and emerald green, the latter being used in the kitchen backsplash, blinds, furniture, and tablecloths.
For the gala, Donna's costume design, makeup, and hair design were conceived as complements to the dusky rose color used in her home decor.
Hair designer Joani Yarbrough collaborated with Bishé to develop Donna's hairstyle and decided to lighten it from a deep red to a light copper.
The original broadcast of the two episodes was watched by 394,000 viewers and received a 0.12 rating in the 18–49 age demographic.
He lauded the decision to build the finale around the idea of two friends wanting to work together again without showing the viewer their idea.
He believed it was possible to prevent premature old age by consuming a diet largely of milk products, brown bread, fruit and vegetables.
The Monument to Boris Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg () is a monument to Boris Yeltsin, the first President of Russia, Soviet party, Russian political and state leader, one of the founders of postsoviet Russia, in Yekaterinburg, the oblast center of his native region where he lived and worked for a long time.
The Monument is a ten meter high stele-obelisk with a full-size Yeltsin bas-relief on a dark-grey pedestal on the stairs to the perron in front of Demidov-Plaza.
It is noted, Yeltsin's image is directed forward with its motion and gaze, while the marble and the form of the monument are well designed to the Ural climate.
The ceremony was also attended by Yeltsin's widow Naina Iosifovna, his relatives and friends, representatives of federal government, Sverdlovsk oblast head Alexander Misharin, and heads of neighboring regions.
On the night of August 23 to 24, 2012 the monument was vandalised by unidentified individuals: the figure of Yeltsin was doused with blue paint, letters on the pedestal were dislodged.
On November 7, 2017 (on the day of centennial of October Revolution) Igor Shchuka tried to set the monument on fire.
Ahmed moved to Finland in 1990 with her husband and youngest child and shortly after began work as a volunteer interpreter to assist Somali refugees, lecture on Somali culture and give interviews to journalists to enable people to understand the backgrounds that many Somali refugees were arriving from.
During her time in Finland, Ahmed worked hard to advocate for the rights of refugees, especially women and children, and for Somali cultural understanding.
In 2007, Ahmed moved to London where she works as a journalist for the Somali-based Raad TV International and continues to write and publish poetry.
It runs the Breightmet Centre an autism treatment centre in Bolton which opened in 2013, and a small hospital, Mayfield Court in Whalley Range which is used for short term placements of mental health patients.
The second inspection appears to have been undertaken as result of complaints by a parent of a 20-year old resident from Gloucestershire who said that both she and her son were absolutely traumatised.
Subsequently Mayfield Court, which was used by NHS trusts when there were no available beds, was also inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
The service’s quality audits had failed to fully identify risks, including a ligature point and the external perimeter fence being easily climbable.
Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry.
The 19th Tumiati was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone.
The battalion, equipped with M15/42 tanks and Semoventi 75/34 self-propelled guns, fought German forces, which tried to occupy Piombino on September 10 1943, two days after Italy had switched sides with the Armistice of Cassibile.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II.
The 19th Tank Battalion's name commemorated 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment Second Lieutenant Francesco Tumiati, who had served in the Western Desert Campaign in 1941-1942 and joined a partisan unit after the German occupation of Italy in 1943.
After 8 months as commander of a partisan detachment Tumiati was caught by German forces and executed on 17 May 1944.
Glen David VanHerck (born October 20, 1962) is a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, who serves as the Director of the Joint Staff.
The men's 1500 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 18 and 20 October.
She is a professor of computer science at the Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo in Israel, where she was a founding faculty member and is also acting dean of the school of computer sciences.
In a historic pro-democracy landslide in 2019 District Council election, the group won one seat in the Tsuen Wan District Council.
Its leader Lam Shek-tim ran in the 2015 District Council election against Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) legislator Chan Han-pan in Yeung Uk Road but lost.
It was part of the Community Network Union, a localist political alliance of six community groups led by pro-independence Ventus Lau.
Lam Shek-tim ran in Yeung Uk Road in the 2019 District Council election again and defeated Chan Han-pan's successor Ng Chun-yu with narrow margin of 174 votes in the pro-democracy historic landslide victory.
The property, then a area on the eastern slope of Diamond Mountain, was purchased by Andrew Rasmussen, an immigrant from Denmark, from George W. Briggs in 1895.
Hughes is best known for the portrait painting of her late grandfather and for her feminist take on the relationships between body and mind.
As of 2018, Hughes teaches painting at the New York Academy of Art, a private graduate art school, and works out of her studio in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.
Hughes studied at Sir John Deane's College, followed by Liverpool Hope University where she earned a Bachelor's Degree in Fine Art.
In 2014, Hughes completed an artist residency at Sir John Deane’s College where a painting of her's remains in private collection.
Later that year she relocated to New York City to earn a Master of Fine Arts from the New York Academy of Art.
Hughes graduated from the academy in 2016, her studies supported by awards; including, New York Academy of Art Merit Scholarship and HRH Prince of Wales Award.
In 2016, Hughes created a painting for the Westminster Kennel Club which was exhibited at the Annual Dog Show at Madison Square Gardens and printed on the show tickets.
The Swartz Creek Bridge on Aetna Springs Road, in Napa County, California near Aetna Springs, California was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Buckman and was built by A.C. Martini, one of many masonry arch bridges built in the county in the late 1800s and early 1900s which survive today, due to the design efforts of Buckman and the availability of high quality stone and skilled stonemasons.
Miriung was born at Poma village in the Kieta district of Bougainville and was educated at the Tunuru Catholic Mission and at Chabai.
He studied for the priesthood at the St Peter Chanel seminary in Ulapia for three years from 1966, but then left the seminary and went to work for mining company CRA Exploration.
Miriung studied law at the University of Papua New Guinea from 1969 to 1973 and was admitted to the bar in 1974.
He briefly ran a private legal practice in Arawa in 1976 and then joined the public service, rising through the ranks as provincial legal officer and then provincial secretary in Bougainville and then Chief Land Titles Commissioner for Papua New Guinea.
In November 1994, Miriung and Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan signed the Mirigini Charter, establishing a Bougainville Transitional Government to replace the North Solomons Provincial Government that had been suspended in 1990.
The Assembly of the transitional government met in April 1995, and on 10 April elected Miriung as Premier of the Bougainville Transitional Government.
He differed with the PNG Government on a resolution to the conflict, condemning their attempts to end the war through a military offensive and extrajudicial killings, while supporting a more expansive concept of autonomy than the national government, eventually coming out in support of an eventual referendum on independence months before his death.
Shortly before his assassination, Papua New Guinean defence minister Mathias Ijape blamed Miriung for a BRA attack on PNG soldiers and called for his resignation as Premier.
A week later, on 12 October, Miriung, aged 55, was assassinated at the age of 55 while having dinner with his family in his wife's village of Kapana.
He was reported to have been killed at close range by at least two assassins, with an autopsy finding six wounds in his back from automatic gunfire and one major wound from a shotgun blast.
A Commission of Inquiry was held under retired Sri Lankan judge Thiruvukkarasu Suntheralingam, which found in December 1996 that the murder was committed by several members of the PNGDF in conjunction with their allies the Siwai Resistance.
Sections of the report were released publicly, but the full report, including the specific identities of Miriung's alleged killers, were never released, and Miriung's family never received a copy.
In November 2019, with the 2019 Bougainville independence referendum drawing international attention to Bougainville, Miriung's family called for the release of the full report and the naming of those responsible.
Sam Akoitai, the member for Central Bougainville in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea, raised the issue in parliament, and Prime Minister James Marape pledged to further investigate the issue.
In December 2019, Miriung's eldest son Justin stated that the family believes that some figures from the national government were involved in his murder.
Omar Abdullah Al-Dahi (Arabic: عمر عبدالله الضاحي; born in 15 December 1999), is a Yemeni professional football player who plays for the Yemeni national team.
He debuted internationally on 8 August 2019, in the 2019 WAFF Championship held in Iraq with a match against Lebanon in a 2–1 victory.
In 5 September 2019, Al-Dahi appeared in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification to be held in Qatar and scored his first goal for Yemen against Saudi Arabia in a 2–2 draw.
Stephen Bruce Harris (1887 – 4 October 1960) was an English sports journalist, prominent from the 1930s to the 1950s, who wrote mostly on tennis and cricket.
On the voyage to Australia, Douglas Jardine, England's captain on the 1932-33 tour, was planning his bodyline tactics, which he knew would be controversial.
Harris was the first journalist to accompany five touring English cricket teams to Australia, beginning with the 1932-33 tour and ending with the 1954-55 tour.
Harris was the secretary of the Cricket Writers' Club soon after its founding in 1947 and later served as the club's chairman.
George Milton Francis became sole owner and publisher in 1876 and ran it until the 1920s when his son, George R. Francis, took over.
To erect the building, Francis bought the property at Coombs and First Streets in 1904, when it was relatively far from the downtown, and was reportedly advised that was a poor idea.
However other businesses followed and the direction of Napa's commercial development switched from north-south along Main St. to east-west along First.
The 1974 Alcorn A&M Braves football team was an American football team that represented Alcorn State University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during 1974 NCAA Division II football season.
In their 11th season under head coach Marino Casem, Alcorn compiled an 9–2 record (5–1 against conference opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 282 to 161.
The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 13 and 14 October.
Hernán Mendoza is a Mexican actor and theatre director best known in his native country for his roles in Mexican films, and telenovelas.
He is the son of the late theater director Héctor Mendoza, and brother of the renowned director and composer Rodrigo Mendoza.
National Tertiary Route 301, is a road between San Ignacio district in San José province and Parrita in the Puntarenas province.
The route starts at the intersection with Route 209 that crosses the San Ignacio district, and goes south and downward to the Pacific ocean, traversing the communities of Cangrejal, Sabanillas, Bijagual and Surubres, then finally arrives at its intersection with Route 34.
Designs will be drafter through 2020, with works starting at the end of the same year, with a projected cost of CRC ₡5,100,000,000.
Innu Nation of Matimekush-Lac John (or La Nation Innu Matimekush-Lac John in French) is a First Nation band government based out of Schefferville, Quebec, Canada.
The members of the band are Innu people and speak the Innu language, a Algonquian language which is a member of the Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi dialect continuum.
The Nation controls two Indian reserves: Matimekosh 3 is a enclave in the center of the Town of Schefferville; and Lac-John is located about north of Schefferville.
The community is accessible via air through Schefferville Airport or via rail on Tshiuetin Rail Transportation which is partially owned by the band.
For Statistics Canada's 2016 Canadian Census, Matimekosh had 613 residents up 13.5% from 540 residents found in the 2011 Canadian Census.
In the 2016 Census, 94.6% of the band spoke an Indigenous language at home with 86.8% first learned an Indigenous language.
For official languages, 7.0% can speak only English, 54.3% can speak only French, 27.9% can speak both, while 10.9% cannot speak either official language.
The 10th Critics' Choice Television Awards, presented by the Broadcast Television Journalists Association (BTJA), honoring the best in primetime television programming from 2019, were held on January 12, 2020 at the Barker Hangar at the Santa Monica Airport in Santa Monica, California.
The mountain is situated northwest of Haines Junction, east of Mount Cairnes, and can be seen from the Alaska Highway midway between the two.
Climbing the peak is a long strenuous day hike of elevation gain over a distance of round trip, with a scramble via the south face and south ridge.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Decoeli is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The annual average temperature in the neighborhood is -6 ° C. The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 8 °C, and the coldest is December when temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
Lionel Claude Briand, born in Paris, France on November 21st, 1965, is a software engineer, and professor at the University of Ottawa and University of Luxembourg.
He is an IEEE Fellow, a Canada Research Chair in Intelligent Software Dependability and Compliance and a European Research Council Advanced grantee.
His research foci are testing, verification, and validation of software systems; applying machine learning and evolutionary computation to software engineering; and software quality assurance, among others.
He was Vice-director of the University of Luxembourg's SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust from 2014 to 2019, and editor in chief of Empirical Software Engineering (Springer) from 2003 to 2016.
James Alfred Lill (born 4 June 1933) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
He has been appointed as Indian Ambassador to the United States on 28 January 2020 and he is expected to take charge very soon.
He has previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission at Embassy of India in Washington D.C. from July 2013 to January 2017 and Consul General of India in Frankfurt from September 2011 to July 2013.
He was responsible for opening the Indian embassy in Ukraine and also worked there as head of the political and administration wings from 1992 - 1994.
The station is owned and operated by SNCF, in the TER Grand Est regional rail network and is served by TER trains.
If the semi-final or final games are drawn, a penalty shoot-out is used to decide the winner; there is no extra time played.
The 1967 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling College (now known as Grambling State University) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1967 NCAA College Division football season.
In its 25th season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling compiled a 9–1 record (6–1 against conference opponents), won the SWAC championship, defeated in the Orange Blossom Classic, and outscored opponents by a total of 318 to 145.
The Athenian Revolution (508–507 BCE) was a revolt by the people of Athens that overthrew the ruling aristocratic oligarchy, establishing the almost century-long self-governance of Athens in the form of a participatory democracy – open to all free male citizens.
According to legend, Athens was formerly ruled by kings, a situation which may have continued up until the 9th century BCE.
From later accounts, it is believed that these kings stood at the head of a land-owning aristocracy known as the Eupatridae (the 'well-born'), whose instrument of government was a Council which met on the hill of Areopagus and appointed the chief city officials known as archons.
The archon was the chief magistrate in many Greek cities, but in Athens there was a council of archons which exerted a form of executive government.
However, the coup was opposed by the people of Athens, who forced Cylon and his supporters to take refuge in Athena's temple on the Acropolis.
They were persuaded by the archons to leave the temple and stand trial after being assured that their lives would be spared.
In an effort to ensure their safety, the accused tied a rope to the temple's statue and went to the trial.
The Athenian archons, led by Megacles, took this as the goddess's repudiation of her suppliants and proceeded to stone them to death.
In order to restore order, the Areopagus appointed Draco to draft strict new laws, replacing the system of oral law with a written legal code enforced by a court of law.
In 594 BCE, Solon, premier archon at the time, issued reforms that defined citizenship in a way that gave each free resident of Attica a political function: Athenian citizens had the right to participate in assembly meetings.
By granting the formerly aristocratic role to every free citizen of Athens who owned property, Solon reshaped the social framework of the city-state.
Eventually the moderate reforms of Solon, improving the lot of the poor but firmly entrenching the aristocracy in power, gave Athens some stability.
Upon his death, Peisistratos was succeeded to the tyranny by his sons Hippias and Hipparchus, the latter of which was murdered by the tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton.
Hippias executed the tyrannicides and it was said that he became a bitter and cruel ruler, executing a large number of citizens and imposing harsh taxes on the Athenian populace.
The Alcmaeonidae family of Athens, which Peisistratus had exiled in 546 BCE, was concerned about Hippias forming alliances with the Persian ruling class, and began planning an invasion to depose him.
Hippias was one of several Greek aristocrats who took refuge in the Achaemenid Empire following reversals at home, other famous ones being Themistocles, Demaratos, Gongylos or Alcibiades.
With the tyrant ousted, the Spartan king installed Isagoras at the head of an oligarchy, made up of Athenian aristocrats that were loyal or sympathetic to Sparta.
He found himself opposed by the majority of Athens, particularly the middle and lower classes, who desired a return to democracy.
Cleisthenes, of the pro-democracy Alcmaeonidae clan, was expelled from Athens by the Spartan-backed oligarchs, leaving Isagoras unrivalled in power within the city.
Cleomenes, Isagoras and their supporters were forced by regular citizens to flee to the Acropolis, where they besieged by Athens' populace for two days.
On the third day the Athenians made a truce, allowed Cleomenes and Isagoras to escape, and executed 300 of Isagoras' supporters.
He commissioned a bronze memorial from the sculptor Antenor in honor of the lovers and tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton, whom Hippias had executed.
It was now the role of the Boule to propose laws to the assembly of voters, who convened in Athens around forty times a year for this purpose.
Cleisthenes also may have introduced ostracism (first used in 487 BCE), whereby a vote by a plurality of citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years.
The initial trend was to vote for a citizen deemed a threat to the democracy (e.g., by having ambitions to set himself up as tyrant).
However, soon after, any citizen judged to have too much power in the city tended to be targeted for exile (e.g., Xanthippus in 485/84 BCE).
Under this system, the exiled man's property was maintained, but he was not physically in the city where he could possibly create a new tyranny.
The Spartans thought that a free and democratic Athens would be dangerous to Spartan power, and attempted to recall Hippias from Persia and re-establish the tyranny.
Democratic Athens sent an embassy to Artaphernes, brother of Darius I, looking for Persian assistance in order to resist the threats from Sparta.
The Athenians ambassadors apparently complied with this request, but then Artaphernes advised the Athenians that they should receive back Hippias, threatening to attack Athens if they did not accept him as their tyrant once more.
Nevertheless, the Athenians preferred to remain democratic despite the danger from the Achaemenid Empire, and the ambassadors were disavowed and censured upon their return to Athens.
It was put down in 494 BCE, but Darius I of Persia was intent on punishing Athens for its role in the revolt.
In 490 Hippias, still in the service of the Persians, encouraged Darius to invade Greece and attack Athens; when Darius initiated the campaign, Hippias himself accompanied the Persian fleet and suggested Marathon as the place where the Persian invasion of Attica should begin.
In 462 BCE, the pro-democracy Ephialtes and his political allies began attacking the Areopagus, a council composed of former archons which was a traditionally conservative force.
Having thus weakened the prestige of the council, Ephialtes proposed and had passed in the popular assembly, a sweeping series of reforms which divided up the powers traditionally wielded by the Areopagus among the democratic council of the Boule, the ekklesia itself, and the popular courts.
At the same time or soon afterwards, the membership of the Areopagus was extended to the lower level of the propertied citizenship.
The success of Ephialtes' reforms was rapidly followed by the ostracism of Cimon, which left Ephialtes and his faction firmly in control of the state, although the fully fledged Athenian democracy of later years was not yet fully established; Ephialtes' reforms appear to have been only the first step in the democratic party's programme.
Ephialtes, however, would not live to see the further development of this new form of government; In 461 BCE, he was assassinated, succeeded to the democratic leadership by Pericles.
In the wake of Athens' disastrous defeat in the Sicilian expedition in 413 BCE, a group of aristocrats took steps to limit the radical democracy they thought was leading the city to ruin.
Their efforts, initially conducted through constitutional channels, culminated in the establishment of an oligarchy, the Council of 400, in the Athenian coup of 411 BCE.
Democratic regimes governed until Athens surrendered to Sparta in 404 BCE, when the government was placed in the hands of the so-called Thirty Tyrants, who were pro-Spartan oligarchs.
After a year pro-democracy elements regained control, and democratic forms persisted until the Macedonian army of Phillip II conquered Athens in 338 BCE.
After a year pro-democracy elements regained control, and democratic forms persisted until the Macedonian army of Phillip II conquered Athens in 338 BCE.
The 15 Khordad Foundation () is one of the organization created in 1982 on the orders of Rouhollah Khomeini that intend to fix the economic issues of the families of martyrs, veterans, and founders of the Revolution.
The scope of its activities included: the creation of the 15 Khordad Cultural and Literary Association, collection of documents regarding the 1963 demonstrations in Iran, organizing commemoration ceremonies of 15 Khordad, construction of 15 Khordad Dam near Qom, regulating supply of drinking water in Qom, and many more.
After its creation the foundation was under the supervision of a council appointed by Rouhollah Khomeini, in which one of the members was Habibollah Asgaroladi.
Frank Allen (28 June 1927–2014) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield and Mansfield Town.
The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1990 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Qualifying Round for spots in the 1990 World Group.
John King Stack Jr. (February 13, 1884January 18, 1935) was a Michigan politician who served as Michigan Auditor General from 1933 to 1935.
Richard M Murray is a synthetic biologist and Thomas E. and Doris Everhart Professor of Control & Dynamical Systems and Bioengineering at Caltech, California.
His research focuses on the application of feedback and control to networked systems, biomolecular feedback systems, novel architectures for control systems, and networked control systems.
Murray is a founder and steering group member of the Build-a-Cell Initiative, an international large-scale collaboration investigating creation of synthetic live cells.
The 2020 FBD Insurance League, also called the FBD Insurance Connacht GAA Senior Football Competition, is an inter-county Gaelic football competition in the province of Connacht.
William McGregor (1 December 1923–2015) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Mansfield Town.
Merle Newport Boyer (9 May 1920 – 29 Aug 2009) was an American modernist studio art jeweler and sculptor, as well as inventor, machinist, teacher and mentor.
Merle N. Boyer was born in Portland, Oregon and studied at Bradley Polytechnic Institute in Peoria, Illinois taking courses in horology, engraving and jewelry design before moving to territorial Honolulu in 1940.
There he began working for C. G. Benny as an engraver and jeweler, and quickly established himself in Honolulu’s burgeoning art scene.
Studying at the Honolulu Academy of Arts School, he presented his work in Academy sponsored shows, exhibitions and demonstrations throughout the war years.
He was an active member of Hawai`i’s craft and art community, teaching popular courses in jewelry at the Honolulu Academy of Arts School and supporting fellow craftspeople through his role in the Hawaii Craft Association, where he served as president and vice-president.
Here he continued to produce one of a kind, hand wrought pieces, while developing original designs for the growing tourist market in Hawai`i.
He created a series of charms replicating classic Hawaiian artifacts from the Bishop Museum and used his engraving skills to produce a line of Hawaiian heirloom jewelry.
He created affordable lines for both men and women working primarily in silver accented with black coral, baroque pearls, and local woods.
As a small business owner he developed a collaborative business model, selling in a variety of Honolulu venues, and supporting the work of apprentices and those he mentored.
Although he ostensibly retired in 1984, Boyer continued to create works for friends, family and a long list of loyal clients until 2008.
Among his most appreciated works was a classic design of the Hawaiian heirloom bracelet, created in gold and enamel and patterned after the bracelets Queen Kapi`olani brought back from her travels of England, as gifts for her ladies in waiting.
Enchanted by the craftsmanship and design of Japanese netsuke, he carved dozens of small pieces in ivory and wood, many of which functioned as wearable art.
An equal number of larger scale works in stone reflected his interest in abstract shapes and complex curves, as well as a life long interest with animal forms.
As both an artist and a designer-craftsman, Boyer is solidly situated within the themes and approaches of the modernist studio jewelry movement.
Although he worked primarily in silver with baroque pearl, ebony, native Hawaiian woods and coral, his early creations display a wide range of techniques, metals and materials.
Displaying artistry and experimentation he would create pieces out of found materials (polished rock, ceramic pieces, and shells) as well as at-hand materials.
Producing affordable jewelry as wearable art, as well as that of viewing jewelry making as a fine art in its own right, can be seen in his lines of jewelry for both men and women.
From his studio on Fort Street Mall in 1952 Boyer produced his designs and craftsmanship that secured his inclusion among modernist studio jewelers.
Here he developed a wide and loyal clientele and continued to develop unique one of a kind and free form pieces, while developing lines of affordable jewelry for a fast growing tourist market.
He continued to explore the use of everyday and found materials, incorporating bits of stone, shell and ceramics to create pendants and rings, combining silver with native woods of koa and milo.
His black coral pieces as well as charms and pieces using native woods and sliver reflected places and cultural motifs from Hawai`i and became popular souvenirs sold from his store and in shops throughout Honolulu.
After the normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China much of Taiwan’s textile industry wither shifted production or went out of business.
In the 21st century the institute has supported the shift of Taiwan’s textile industry towards technical textiles, a global market which Taiwan had captured 70% of by 2018.
In partnership with National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUS) and Taiwan Yingmi Technology TTRI has worked to develop gloves which can translate sign language.
Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI) is working with Taiwan based Niching to develop a range of abrasion-resistant fabrics for use in socks and workwear.
He holds the record for the youngest player in the world to qualify for the title of International Master, which he achieved in 2019.
The 73rd British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, will be held on 2 February 2020 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2019.
Presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, accolades will be handed out for the best feature-length film and documentaries of any nationality that were screened at British cinemas in 2019.
See You Tomorrow is the eleventh studio album by American alternative band The Innocence Mission, released on January 17, 2020 by Bella Union in Europe and Australia, and by Thérèse Records in the United States and Canada.
In cafes she would sip coffee, she would be smiling on/ She'd say, 'I have never let you out of my sight.
Other times, such as on album opener 'The Brothers Williams Said', you want to give them a hug, tell them it will be okay, ask them if they need a nice cup of tea.
The Ophel ostracon or KAI 190, is an ostracon discovered in Jerusalem in 1924 by R. A. Stewart Macalister and John Garrow Duncan, in the area of Wadi Hilweh (known as the City of David).
The inscription is thought to have originally been eight lines, of which five are decipherable (the first four and the last).
9, and seems to have formed part of the dump which the Parker party deposited in that cave; its exact original provenance is therefore uncertain, though it must have come from somewhere in the neighboring tunnel, and probably not far off.
Sam Pittman (born November 28, 1961) is an American football coach who is the head football coach at the University of Arkansas.
Prior to being hired at Arkansas, he was the associate head coach and offensive line coach at the University of Georgia.
Prior to his hiring at Arkansas, Pittman had spent almost his entire career – going back to the mid-1990s – as an offensive line coach at various college football programs.
He played defensive end at Pittsburg State from 1980 to 1983 and in his senior year was named a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) All-American.
Following his graduation from Pittsburg State, Pittman spent two years there as a student assistant coach before becoming offensive coordinator at Beggs High School in Beggs, Oklahoma, for the 1986 season.
Following that stint Pittman served as head coach for Princeton Junior-Senior High School in Princeton, Missouri, from 1987 to 1988, and Trenton High School in Trenton, Missouri, from 1989 to 1990.
Sadler was fired after the 1995 season, and Pittman moved over to the University of Cincinnati, joining Rick Minter's staff as tight ends coach.
Pittman left Cincinnati after the 1996 season to become the offensive line coach at the University of Oklahoma under second-year coach John Blake.
Oklahoma fired Blake after the 1998 season and Pittman moved over to Western Michigan University to join Gary Darnell's staff, again as offensive line coach.
At the end of 1999 Pittman and offensive coordinator Bill Cubit departed Western Michigan to take up the same positions at the University of Missouri under Larry Smith.
Missouri fired Smith at the end of the 2000 season; Pittman moved over to the University of Kansas under Terry Allen.
Allen had reshuffled his coaching staff following a disappointing 4–7 season in 2000; in 2001 team went 3–8 and Allen was fired.
Pittman returned to the coaching ranks in 2003 as the offensive line coach at Northern Illinois, the same job he had held in 1994–1995.
Pittman departed Northern Illinois after the 2006 season to join new University of North Carolina head coach Butch Davis' staff as offensive line coach.
Pittman was considered a potential head coach at Northern Illinois after Jerry Kill, Novak's successor, departed for the University of Minnesota after the 2010 season.
Davis was dismissed before the 2011 because of an academic scandal; Pittman was considered for the interim head coach job which eventually went to Everett Withers.
After the conclusion of the 2011 season Pittman took the offensive line coach job at the University of Tennessee under Derek Dooley.
Tennessee fired Dooley at the end of season, and Pittman joined new University of Arkansas head coach Bret Bielema's staff as assistant head coach/offensive line coach, where he spent the 2013 through 2015 seasons.
Pittman departed Arkansas after the 2015 season to become offensive line coach at the University of Georgia under new head coach Kirby Smart and offensive coordinator Jim Chaney, whom Pittman had previously worked with at both Tennessee and Arkansas.
When Pittman informed Bielema that he planned to take the Georgia job, Bielema brought several Arkansas offensive linemen to Pittman's house in an attempt to convince him to remain at Arkansas.
Bielema claimed that Pittman had refused to meet personally with his players to inform them he would be leaving, a claim that Pittman denied.
Pittman was promoted to associate head coach in 2019, with a salary of $900,000 per year making him the highest-paid offensive line coach in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision.
On December 8, 2019, Pittman was announced as the new head coach at Arkansas, replacing Chad Morris, who was fired midway through his second season.
Several of Pittman's former players lobbied for him to get the job, including writing an open letter to Arkansas administrators shortly after Morris's firing.
The church grew quickly, and built an addition in 1954, a fellowship hall in 1956; and an educational building in 1959.
The longer east facade, along Wyoming Avenue, has a similar pattern of windows and one-story pilasters which support a reinforced concrete brise soleil.
The Hoffmantown Baptist Church kept growing, and began a television ministry in 1972 which continues, in 2019, to broadcast throughout New Mexico.
During the early 1980s, membership grew to 2,200, and a capital campaign raised funds to build a new, larger church at Ventura and Harper Streets.
The larger campus including the church also has four one- and-two-story plain brick buildings, which are the earlier buildings of the Hoffman Baptist Church built between 1953 and 1968.
The song is composed in the key of C major and follows the chord progression of C–Em–F–Am–Dm–G7–Em–Am–G–C–F–Dm–G7 in the verses, while in the chorus changes to C–Em–Dm–G7–F–G–F–Dm–G7.
In the first verse Torres's voice is heard accompanied by background stringed instruments; then comes the drums and the voices of Barrio Boyzz, which remain throughout the rest of the verse until the chorus.
In the second verse Torres's voice returns, keeping only his voice until the choir, then entering Barrio Boyzz repeating the chorus until the end of the song.
The clip begins showing settlers of an old town and children playing, then Torres is shown singing the beginning of the song.
Then, Barrio Boyzz appear performing the song, while exchanging images of old people, children playing, violists, a room with candles and people holding crosses.
What We Do in the Shadows is a series of mockumentary horror comedy films and television series created by Jemaine Clement and Taika Waititi.
Vampire housemates (Jemaine Clement, Taika Waititi, Jonathan Brugh) try to cope with the complexities of modern life and show a newly turned hipster (Cori Gonzalez-Macuer) some of the perks of being undead.
The film follows vampire Viago promoting the nightlife, cinemas and clothes shops of the city alongside his flatmates Vladislav and Deacon.
As part of the campaign, the 'W' in the Wellington Blown Away sign on Miramar hill was temporarily changed to a blood-red 'V'.
The series follows Officers Minogue and O'Leary as they act as officers of the Wellington Police Department's Paranormal division under Sergeant Maaka.
Chart.js is a free open-source JavaScript library for data visualization, which supports 8 chart types: bar, line, area, pie (doughnut), bubble, radar, polar, and scatter.
Created by London-based web developer Nick Downie in 2013, now it is maintained by the community and is the second most popular JS charting library on GitHub by the number of stars after D3.js, considered significantly easier to use though less customizable than the latter.
Sr. Francesco Ferramosca (b. August 23, 1893) was a professional violinist from Viggiano, Basilicata, Italy, who, in early Johannesburg, South Africa, rose to fame in the 1910's as one of the most talented violinists in the country.
As an acclaimed soloist and orchestral leader he performed in various locations in Southern Africa between 1907-1932 to audiences in large halls, tearooms and bars, social events and Eisteddfods.
Francesco was the fifth child of Giuseppe Ferramosca (b. November 11, 1850) and Agnese Mariarosa Miraglia (b. January 19, 1858, m. June 8, 1879).
It was then that his father decided to bring him to South Africa, known for its dry climate and TB facilities.
The family had contacts with a number of Italian musicians in Johannesburg, so Giuseppe brought Francesco and his brother Nicola to Johannesburg around 1907 to seek treatment for him.
Francesco was reduced to playing in the streets for a few pennies, but that proved to be the start to his career.
Around 1911, a renowned overseas music trio consisting of the three Cherniavsky brothers, Alex (violin), Leo (cello) and David (piano), were touring South Africa.
They saw Francesco performing on Eloff Street, and were so impressed at his tone and virtuosity, they spent months giving him more training and polishing up his technique.
The trio became very popular, and played in venues throughout The Reef, Pretoria, and in neighboring Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Mozambique, as well as socialite weddings.
During one of his concerts, he met Doris Gwendoline Helliwell, an accomplished concert pianist, who thereafter accompanied him on various occasions.
The trio played regularly at Johannesburg's Balcony Tea Room (later to become The Corner Lounge) on the first floor of the Cuthberts building.
In 1925 he and his orchestra were offered a regular position at the Waldorf Cafe, Cape Town and decided to relocate with his family to Mouille Point.
After three years, he returned to Johannesburg in early 1928, where he performed with the Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra and played evenings at the O.K.
The orchestra was the first to broadcast from a tea room, having a regular half-hour slot on the local SABC radio station.
After returning to Johannesburg, his health deteriorated significantly and after some months he was admitted into isolation at the Nelspoort Sanitarium in the Karoo desert, renowned for its treatment of TB.
He returned to Johannesburg, but soon after succumbed to a throat affliction, and passed away in May 1932 at the Hillbrow General Hospital.
George Blackburn Kinkead (September 25, 1811 – November 11, 1877), was an American lawyer, who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky (1846–47).
He successfully represented Lincoln in 1855, in a legal dispute before the American Civil War, where Lincoln was alleged to have collected fees for another firm and never conveyed them.
The rivière Noire du Milieu (Black River of the Middle) is a tributary of the south shore of the Noire River, flowing entirely into the unorganized territory of Mont-Élie, Quebec, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada.
The lower part of this valley is served by route 170 which links Saint-Siméon to Petit-Saguenay, which passes on the north shore of the Noire River.
The surface of the Black River Middle is usually frozen from early December to late March, however, safe ice movement is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
He is the President of the Federal Agency for Civil Education (since 2000) and the President of the German Children's Fund (since 1995).
The 1820 United States presidential election in Ohio took place between November 1 and December 4, 1816, as part of the 1816 United States presidential election.
He has previously served at Ministry of External Affairs, India and Prime Minister’s Office as Joint Secretary and at senior position at Embassy of India in Washington D.C. from May 2010 to July 2013 and at different positions in many of India’s missions abroad and in India.
The original two-story antebellum mansion is believed to have been designed by Major Thomas Lewinski, a British-born architect, engineer and teacher of foreign languages.
He was born in London and educated at King Alfred's School, Hampstead, before being evacuated to Canada and Australia because of the Second World War.
It was here, with Kenneth Alexander and John Hughes, that he founded day-release educational courses for miners from Derbyshire and Yorkshire.
In 1965 he was appointed senior lecturer at Bernard Crick's Department of Political Theory and Institutions at Sheffield before he became reader in 1969.
In 1971 he succeeded E. P. Thompson as Professor and Director of Warwick University's Centre for the Study of Social History.
Here he oversaw the founding of the modern records centre for storing the papers of the Trades Union Congress and the Confederation of British Industry, as well as those of other unions and businesses.
Harrison also created a research programme in which he adapted methods used in the natural sciences, which he had learnt from his wife.
Christian Daniel Mojica Blanco, known as Cauty, is a Puerto Rican reggaeton singer, songwriter, and producer born in Caguas, Puerto Rico, and raised San Lorenzo.
After declining slightly in his sophomore year he exploded for 76 points as a junior, leading all defensemen in scoring and becoming the first AHCA First Team All-American for Western Michigan (with Dan Dorion).
Gagné was instrumental in helping WMU win their first CCHA Tournament, being named to the All-Tournament Team, as well as their first NCAA Tournament appearance.
Gagné performed even better in his senior season, finishing the year with the NCAA record for assists (76) for any position and points (89) for a defenseman in a season.
Additionally, he also finished with the most career assists for a defenseman (199) and second most points (241) behind only Ron Wilson (Records current as of 2019).
He played at the top level of minor league hockey in North America for two seasons, putting up good numbers, but his small stature was an impediment for NHL teams who mostly employed large players as defensemen.
Gagné spent the final three seasons of his career playing for five different teams in five different countries, ending as the leading scorer for Hellerup IK in 1994.
Gagné was inducted into the Western Michigan Athletic Hall of Fame in 2001 and was named to the CCHA All-Time First Team in 2013.
Haven Creek rises about 1 mile northeast of Pittsboro, North Carolina in Chatham County and then flows north and east to the Haw River about 1 mile southeast of Bynum, North Carolina.
Haven Creek drains of area, receives about 47.3 in/year of precipitation, and has a topographic wetness index of 399.92 and is about 64% forested.
First elected in May 2014, he won re-election in 2016 and 2018and is now serving his third and final term as mayor.
Heines served on the Tyler City Council District 4 for 2 terms between 2010 and 2014, and was succeeded by Don Warren.
Robert Abela (born 7 December 1977) is a Maltese lawyer and politician, currently serving as the 14th prime minister of Malta.
A Member of Parliament since 2017, he replaced Joseph Muscat as Leader of the Labour Party following the party's internal leadership election held on 11 January 2020, and was instated as prime minister on 13 January.
Born in Sliema in the Northern Harbour District to George Abela (President of Malta, 2009–2014) and his wife Margaret (née Cauchi), Robert Abela grew up with his sister Marija in Għaxaq and Marsaskala in the south of Malta.
Robert attended the Sisters’ School in Santa Luċija and St Francis primary school in Bormla, to then continue secondary school and sixth form at St Aloysius' College.
In 2018, Robert Abela said that no conflict of interest arose from his acting as legal representative of Air Malta while his father, former President George Abela, was the mediator and chief negotiator in talks with its pilots.
In 2008, he married Lydia Abela (neé Zerafa), who later took the role of secretary of the Labour Party executive committee.
Robert Abela became involved in politics while his father George Abela was deputy party leader, supporting the party in the 1996 general election.
He claimed that he started off transporting sick people to the polling stations in 1996, and worked behind the scenes for many years in other roles, such as representing the party on current affairs programmes as requested by Joseph Muscat and lately as his legal advisor in Cabinet.
On 25 January 2017, Abela highlighted that a patch of land in his native Qormi was seriously undervalued during the previous Partit Nazzjonalista administration, where contractors paid €0.9 million instead of the full value of €8 million.
Abela was described as appealing to voters with no political ties, as well as the perfect replacement to attract Marie Louise Coleiro Preca's votes in the sixth district of Siggiewi, Luqa and Qormi.
In June 2017, at the age of 40, he was elected to the Parliament of Malta after his first attempt at contesting the sixth district, including Siggiewi, Luqa and Qormi, was successful.
He also served as legal adviser to the Prime Minister Joseph Muscat, which enabled him to attend the meetings of the Council of Ministers.
Abela's leadership campaign was focused on party members and aimed at striking a chord with the traditional Labour themes (social housing, free medicines for the elderly and better employment conditions for blue-collar workers) while distancing himself from the coziness of Muscat with big business.
He also called for a crack-down on cheap labour migrant workers, who he accused of repressing local salaries, by proposing that employers be allowed to hire foreigners only if able to pay them fully on the books and while respecting work condition regulations.
Abela, a backbencher with no ministerial experience, presented himself as a candidate of continuity, pledging to maintain the same cabinet as Muscat's, as well as the same staff at the powerful Office of the Prime Minister, in opposition to Chris Fearne, whose campaign for a clean slate at Castille created apprehension among insiders.
In fact, on 28 November 2019, he claimed that the Labour Party would need deep rooted changes rather than superficial ones.
Abela also stated that his family law firm - headed by his wife - should retain the right to bid for public tenders, should he take up office.
Trieu wants Veidt's financial help to build a quantum centrifuge to take the powers of Doctor Manhattan so she can enact a more permanent solution.
Trieu reveals she knows Manhattan is on Europa and has launched a probe to arrive there in 2013 to visually confirm this.
Trieu is shown to have recovered the craft after it crashed at the Clarks' farm, and kept Veidt as a statue in her gardens since then.
A sphere-like object detaches from the clock and floats towards the Greenwood district of Tulsa, while Trieu and her men set up equipment underneath it.
At the Kavalry headquarters, several high-ranking politicians arrive, revealed as members of Cyclops, including the elder Joe Keene Sr. Laurie discovers that Wade has disguised himself as one of the Kavalry, having survived the attack at his house.
Joe explains to the gathered audience about Cyclops' original long-term plan was to revolt against President Redford by arranging racially-charged events like the White Night, but after discovering Manhattan's presence on Earth they changed their plans to take Manhattan's powers instead.
He enters a booth, but just as the system is activated, the entire area is teleported to Greenwood by Trieu; she needed the Kavalry to capture Manhattan without him detecting her own involvement.
Due to the Kavalry's lack of knowledge regarding safety measures, Keene is liquefied during the process and his remains spill across the area and into Manhattan's cage once Trieu opens the booth.
Trieu proceeds to kill the Cyclops members on behalf of Will, and during this, Manhattan uses Keene's liquid remains to teleport Veidt, Laurie, and Wade to Karnak.
Manhattan tells Angela he did not send her away as he did not want to be alone when he dies, as Trieu activates the floating sphere to take Manhattan's powers.
At Karnak, Veidt uses the squid rain device to send frozen squid to fall in Greenwood, which will obliterate anything in the nearby area.
Laurie calls Angela in time to allow her and Bian to take cover, while the squid rain destroys the sphere and kills Trieu before the transfer can be completed.
Will reveals Manhattan had made a deal with himself and Trieu, knowing this end had to happen so that his powers would not be taken by those that would misuse them.
Veidt attempts to talk his way out of it, but Wade knocks him out, and he and Laurie drag him aboard the ship.
As she cleans up a mess of eggs from an argument between her and Manhattan earlier in the night, she recalls that Manhattan told her once that he could transfer his powers to someone else through an organic medium.
Finding an unbroken egg, Angela goes to her pool, eats the egg, and prepares to walk on water across the pool, the screen cutting to black as her foot touches the water.
Damon Lindelof said that from the start of writing, the plan for the season was to the finale be around Lady Trieu attempting to take Doctor Manhattan's powers for herself.
A second element of the finale was to have involved a mind-control device used by Joe Keene to control both the Seventh Kavalry and the Tulsa police through their masks, of which Will would have gained control over to put an end to the Kavalry.
During writing out later episodes, they came to the idea that the Kavalry was also seeking to capture Doctor Manhattan for themselves, and dropped the mind-control aspect, while modifying Trieu's plan to piggyback off the Kavalry's.
The use of the frozen squid to lay waste to Trieu's plan was an inspiration from trying to capture a similar shot from the comic series of looking down at the devastation caused by the squid attack in 1985.
They had struggled with what visual aspects they wanted to show here, but then recalled that in the pilot episode, they had established about Veidt's use of squid rainfall to continue to remind the world of an alien threat, and connected the dots to the finale.
The importance of eggs had been something showrunner Lindelof had placed throughout prior episodes of the show, so that viewers would be aware of the significance of the egg in the final scene of the episode.
Lindelof and his team had considered three possible endings of this episode: in addition to the one where Angela eats the egg and attempts to step onto the pool, they considered one where she simply crushed the egg in her hand, and another of putting the egg back into the carton and into the refrigerator.
Staying with the choice where Angela eats the egg, they then debated how far they should go with the final shot, cutting the scene short to leave the implication vague.
Lindelof says he does not consider the ending to be a cliffhanger, and intended to imply that Angela received Doctor Manhattan's powers by the egg, as the series had been written with the considering of what Angela would do with those types of powers, given that she would be more passionate about using such powers compared to Doctor Manhattan's passiveness.
The Rivière Noire Sud-Ouest (Black River Southwest) is a tributary of the south shore of the Noire River flowing, entirely in the unorganized territory from Mont-Élie in Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada.
The lower part of this valley is served by route 170 which links Saint-Siméon to Petit-Saguenay, which passes on the north shore of the Noire River.
In 430 BC, a plague, which some believe to have been typhoid fever, killed one-third of the population of Athens, including their leader Pericles.
Following this disaster, the balance of power shifted from Athens to Sparta, ending the Golden Age of Pericles that had marked Athenian dominance in the Greek ancient world.
His writings are the primary source of information on this outbreak, and modern academics and medical scientists consider typhoid fever the most likely cause.
In 2006, a study detected DNA sequences similar to those of the bacterium responsible for typhoid fever in dental pulp extracted from a burial pit dated to the time of the outbreak.
The cause of the plague has long been disputed and other scientists have disputed the findings, citing serious methodologic flaws in the dental pulp-derived DNA study.
The disease is most commonly transmitted through poor hygiene habits and public sanitation conditions; during the period in question related to Athens above, the whole population of Attica was besieged within the Long Walls and lived in tents.
A long-held belief is that 9th US President William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia, but recent studies suggest he likely died from typhoid.
This disease may also have been a contributing factor in the death of 12th US President Zachary Taylor due to the unsanitary conditions in Washington, DC, in the mid-19th century.
During the Spanish–American War, American troops were exposed to typhoid fever in stateside training camps and overseas, largely due to inadequate sanitation systems.
Major Walter Reed, Edward O. Shakespeare, and Victor C. Vaughan were appointed August 18, 1898, with Reed being designated the president of the board.
The Typhoid Board determined that during the war, more soldiers died from this disease than from yellow fever or from battle wounds.
The board promoted sanitary measures including latrine policy, disinfection, camp relocation, and water sterilization, but by far the most successful antityphoid method was vaccination, which became compulsory in June 1911 for all federal troops.
In 1902, guests at mayoral banquets in Southampton and Winchester, England, became ill and four died, including the Dean of Winchester, after consuming oysters.
The most notorious carrier of typhoid fever, but by no means the most destructive, was Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary.
Public-health authorities told Mary to give up working as a cook or have her gall bladder removed, as she had a chronic infection that kept her active as a carrier of the disease.
A notable outbreak occurred in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1964, due to contaminated tinned meat sold at the city's branch of the William Low chain of stores.
Marcilio Florencio Mota Filho commonly known as Nino (born 10 April 1997) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Fluminense.
Kyron Brown (born May 26, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL).
He was cut at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed by the Jets to their practice squad on September 1, 2019.
Brown made his NFL debut on November 17, 2019 against the Washington Redskins, playing ten snaps on special teams in a 34-17 victory.
Brown made his first career start on December 8 against the Miami Dolphins, making five tackles before leaving the game due to a quad injury.
Ji Zhe (; 14 October 1986 – 5 December 2019) was a Chinese professional basketball player for the Beijing Ducks of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).
In August 2018, Ji was diagnosed with lung cancer, but did not publicly disclose the news and quietly sought treatment in the United States.
Despite more than a year of treatment, his health deteriorated and he died on 5 December 2019 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing, aged 33.
On 8 December 2019, the Ducks' played their first home game after Ji's death as a tribute to him, and all Ducks players wore his No.
The team placed a T-shirt with the number 51 on each of the 18,000 seats inside the Wukesong Arena and retired the number.
The Ducks defeated the visiting Shenzhen Aviators by the score of 102 to 100, with Jeremy Lin scoring three free throws in the final seconds of the game.
Many filipino champions, such as Monsour Del Rosario, Samuel Morrison, Jordan Dominguez and Elaine Alora have been produced under his tutelage.
In the 1930s and the 1950s, the early vocal groups that performed both singing and performing at the same time are regarded as the main stream of idols.
According to this view, the first girl group was the Jeogori Sisters, which debuted around 1939, and the boy group was the Arirang Boyz.
The first idol to go abroad is Kim Sisters, a three-member girl group that worked in the U.S. and South Korea from the 1950s to the 1970s.
Silver bell Sisters, which debuted in 1954, Hyun Sisters and Jung Sisters who debuted in the mid-1950s, Lee Sisters who debuted in 1962, Lily Sisters who debuted in 1969, who debuted in 1971, and who debuted in 1981 became popular.
But they all debuted since the 1990s and are far from the concept of idol groups associated with Korean Wave and K-pop, and what is effectively considered the beginning of the current boy and girl groups are and , respectively, which debuted in the 1980s.
Since the mid-1970s, the independent genre of dance music, which was formed based on disco, soul, and funk introduced into Korea, has been popular since the mid- to late 1980s.
Based on Western dance music, dance music singers or groups performed performances combining exciting music and fancy dances, with the representative being fire trucks, seatorae, Kim Wan-sun and Nami.
Since the early 1990s, in Korea, repeated rhythms of electronic dance music such as house, techno, and trance combined with melody that gives a feeling of trot, and added simple rap due to the influence of the American hip hop was especially popular among teenagers.
Furthermore, these younger generations began to find and listen to various latest music of those days that was not introduced in Korea.
It is a strategic system that allows teenagers selected through auditions to practice singing and dancing and then debut as singers, and recoups the capital they invested in during their debut through record sales and performance activities.
The first-generation idol groups are usually a group of around five people, each of whom divided their roles into lead vocal, sub-vocal, dancer and rapper.
While singing on stage, they danced so unified that it was called ‘group dance’ and this choreography was difficult compared to previous dance music, but at the same time included ‘point choreography’ that teenagers can easily imitate.
They often sing lip-syncing as they performed with a focus on choreography, and most of the audience recognizes that even the song is not an original voice of idol singers but a song corrected by digital techniques.
In addition, a series of controversies have erupted in contracts with idol members or adjustment of profits, and the idol-training system was still relying on terrestrial broadcasting in the process of the music market being converted into digital centers.
The first-generation idol group developed into a confrontation between SM Entertainment which tended to plan idols with mysterious images and DSP Media which tended to plan idols with realistic images.
and DSP's Sechs Kies competed, both of which made their debuts with songs about social criticism and were popular for rhythmical dance music.
SHINHWA maintained the group’s identity thanks to fans’ spontaneous solidarity along with its sexy masculine image, while g.o.d built a friendly image by appearing on entertainment shows and acting as a song that many generations can relate to.
Later, S.E.S displayed an image of an unrealistic and mysterious girl, and Fin.K.L displayed an image of a friendly girl that might exist.
In the early 2000s, first-generation idols declined, and solo singers from big agencies such as BoA, Rain and Seven were popular as well as solo singers who used to work as a group in the past such as Kangta, Moon Hee-joon, Bada, Ock Joo-hyun, Lee Hyori.
And SS501, Super Junior in 2005 and Big Bang in 2006 made its debut, but they were not as trendy as first-generation idols.
However, as the title track 〈Tell Me〉 of Wonder Girls’ first full-length album, 《The Wonder Years》, became so popular that it was named ‘syndrome’ in the country in 2007, the fever of idol which called ‘second-generation idol’ began again.
They regularly evaluate trainees' singing and dancing abilities and break contracts with trainees if their abilities do not improve or are significantly inferior.
Concerned about privacy concerns, the agency's CEO emphasizes personality to trainees, and some of the trainees who are actually involved in the personality controversy are released.
Music is mainly a hook song in which a short chorus is repeatedly presented, and is deliberately composed similar to Western pop music to target the Korean foreign market.
Since the digitalization of the music market requires frequent release of albums and continuous exposure to the public to maximize profits as an agency, single and mini albums (EP) with fewer tracks than regular albums have become common.
Unlike first-generation idols, who mainly adopted mystical strategies to maintain their image, second-generation idols appeared on entertainment shows and established ‘friendly images outside the stage’ that were different from ‘image on stage’.
Second-generation idols took a strategy to expand their fans by making middle-aged people also feel natural about idol groups through this.
Wonder Girls and Girls' Generation, which debuted in 2007, gained popularity as they were perceived as rivals, but few have been called rivals since then, as many idol groups have made their debut.
Wonder Girls, Kara, and Girls' Generation pursued a girl's image that reflected the male gaze, especially Kara inherited the image of Fin.K.L.
Brown Eyed Girls became popular with both men and women for their own musical characteristics, while 4minute, 2NE1, f(x), and miss A inherited the autonomous and majestic female image of Baby V.O.X and DIVA.
TVXQ and Big Bang were considered different from traditional idols in terms of pursuing music that showed originality and high maturity, and TVXQ in particular drew attention with its strategy of different albums from country to country.
Specifically, the boy group uses EXO, which has made a big difference in terms of its activities, as the starting point for the third generation.
In addition, there is a stance which thinks some of the second-generation girl groups are categorized as 2.5 when they debuted after 2010.
The idol group's familiarization strategy has become more diverse thanks to the spread of digital media, with the emergence of unprocessed, self-produced contents through YouTube, afreeca TV and Naver V app, rather than just TV entertainment programs.
In terms of planning, the ‘localization’ strategy, which is active outside of Korea, has started in earnest by including members who are not Korean nationals directly into the group, not just releasing albums that are different countries or performing in different languages.
By applying the format of the popular survival music audition program from the early 2010s, idol groups like I.O.I and Wanna One have been selected through TV programs and made their debut.
Meanwhile, since the mid-2010s, there have been more cases of second- and third-generation idols using group activity breaks to release records different from the group’s characteristics as solo singers.
Giorgos Georgiou is a Cypriot politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Progressive Party of Working People.
Voices is a 1985 4 minute 16mm short animated film by Joanna Priestley, using ink, watercolor and pastel drawings/paintings on paper.
She wrote the script, rehearsed it and hired cinematographer Jan Baross to shoot live action 16mm footage that was used for rotoscoping.
In September 1983, Priestley moved to Valencia, CA to attend California Institute of the Arts, where she was teaching assistant to Jules Engel, head of the Experimental Animation Department.
Voices became one of three films, including Jade Leaf (the first computer film made at Cal Arts) and The Dancing Bulrushes (co-directed by Steven Subotnick) that were presented at Priestley’s thesis review.
The index cards were shot in 16mm film (Kodak ECO stock) with an old Bolex camera that was purchased at a flea market.
Wiancko collected source material with a Tascam stereo cassette recorder and layered the sound master together on a 1/4” open reel recorder.
Voices was screened in many retrospectives of Priestley's works including at REDCAT in Los Angeles in April 2009,Stuttgart International Animation Festival (Germany) on May 3, 2017,British Film Institute National Film Theatre (London, UK) on May 13, 2017,Sweaty Eyeballs Animation Festival in Baltimore, MD on October 18, 2019 and Fantoche International Animation Festival (Baden, Switzerland) on September 3, 2019.
On December 7, 2019, a plebiscite was held to determine if residents of the Philippine province of Compostela Valley approve the renaming of their province to Davao de Oro.
11297 was passed into law renaming Compostela Valley to Davao de Oro, subject to the province's residents' aprroval in a plebiscite.
The legislation was signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on April 17, 2019 and the signing was made known to the public on May 23, 2019.
11297 was proposed as House Bill 7363, which was filed before the House of Representatives on May 15, 2018, and Senate Bill 1746, which was filed before the Senate on December 10, 2018.
Representatives Pedro Acharon Jr., Ruwel Peter Gonzaga, and Maria Carmen Zamora were the proponents of HB 7363 and Senators Juan Miguel Zubiri and Sonny Angara were the proponents of the Senate counterpart of the House bill.
10614 of Comelec, all voters in the 11 municipalities of Compostela Valley who voted in the 2019 Philippine general election were eligible to participate.
Since March 2019, the provincial government of Compostela Valley led by governor Tyrone Uy started the campaign to convince voters to approve the renaming of their province.
Polling for the plebiscite was scheduled to run from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. on December 7, 2019. was allocated for the conduct of the plebiscite.
A province-wide gun ban was imposed in Compostela Valley from November 7 to December 7, 2019 and at least one police checkpoint was set up in each of the province's 11 municipalities.
The turnout of the plebiscite as per the Comelec was around 45 percent which translates to 178,953 participants out of the 410,262 eligible votes.
An expert on issues related to violence against women and children, Baldry consulted with such organizations as the United Nations and NATO.
She attended Sapienza University of Rome for her psychology training, earning an undergraduate degree in 1994 and a PhD, in social psychology, in 1999.
She also studied criminology at the University of Cambridge, earning a master's degree in 1996 and a PhD in 2001, under the supervision of David Farrington.
From 2003 to 2004, she completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Free University of Amsterdam, having been awarded funding from Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions.
Baldry conducted research and consulted on topics related to aggression and relationships, including child and adolescent bullying and intimate partner violence.
Her most frequently cited works identified correlates of bullying, including exposure to domestic violence at home, parenting style, and mental and physical health.
Baldry led a number of prevention and intervention projects, including the development of Threat Assessment of Bullying Behaviors among Youngsters (TABBY), a bullying intervention program implemented in eight countries, and the validation of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) protocol in Italy.
She also provided training on violence to law enforcement, social workers, and other service providers, and served as an expert consultant to such organization as the United Nations, OSCE and NATO.
In 2015, she was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by President Sergio Mattarella, the country's highest honour.
Located between Cannock and Heath Hayes, the area is predominately residential with a large superstore, fuel station, pub and community centre.
Prevention Through Deterrence is a set of policies instituted by the United States with the intent to deter the illegal crossing of its southern border with Mexico.
Since its institution an estimated 10,000 migrants passing through Mexico have died in an attempt to cross through the Sonoran Desert into the United States.
Mexico's Secretariat of Foreign Affairs places the number of deaths at roughly 450 per year (including migrant deaths on both the US and Mexican territory).
The United States Government relies on the environment of the Sonoran Desert to deter these migrants without much help from the border enforcement agency.
The Chinese Exclusions Act of 1888 was a federal statute that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering and re-entering the United States.
According to anthropologist Jason De León, it was during the implementation of the Act that we see an early application of prevention through deterrence by the immigration agents.
De León points out that in order to deter more immigrants from crossing, patrol officers only apprehend immigrants on established routes where they had access to resources, this began to push immigrants into more rural areas with less resources.
The U.S. government can use the number of immigrant apprehensions to evaluate prevention through deterrence but, this does not measure how many migrants allude border patrol or how many how many migrants are dying at the southern border.
Alternatively a 1997 report by the Government Accountability Office, did use the immigrant death tole to measure the effect of prevention through deterrence.
The Department of Homeland Security also publishes the number of migrant deaths; however, according to De León, it is the lowest estimate.
The goals of the Strategic Plan of 1994 as stated by border patrol, was not only to slow the number of migrants crossing the southern border, but to promote confidence in the United States' ability to protect that border.
De León also believes that the fear of necroviolence not only serves as a way to prevent more immigrants from crossing the border, but by condemning individuals to a clandestine death they, and the people who knew them, are stripped of spiritual and emotional closure.
According to De León, the U.S. government does not acknowledge the part it plays in the increase of migrant deaths at the southern border; however, over the past 20 years the United States government has been collecting materials left behind by undocumented immigrants.
As Paul Farmer pointed out, this is a technique used by authoritative structures to establish a particular historical account of an event.
To use the uninhabited environment in prevention through deterrence, border patrol increased surveillance in cities along the southern border, which pushed migrant entry points into rural areas.
Many determined migrants also chose to cross the Río Bravo which separates northeast Mexico from Texas because this area is known to have less border security.
Over 22 years (from 1990-2012), 2,238 migrant bodies were found in Prima County, Arizona, and 1,813 bodies, over half of those recovered, died from exposure.
In May 2019 the European Union was accused of knowingly sending several thousand migrants to cross the Mediterranean Sea from Libya.
The Mediterranean has been used as means of Prevention Through Deterrence when the EU made the decision to decrease its search and rescue operations in 2014.
Bottici is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Director of Gender Studies at The New School for Social Research and Eugene Lang College, New York.
After a post-doctorate at the SUM (Istituto Italiano di Science Umane) under the guidance of Roberto Esposito, she taught at the University of Frankfurt, subsequently joining the faculty of The New School for Social Research, where she has been teaching since 2010.
Bottici's philosophical work is devoted to exploring the politics of imagination in its different aspects, from a general theory about the role of images in politics to more specific inquiries into sexism, heteronormativity, ethnonationalism, Eurocentrism, Islamophobia, racism, and the coloniality of power.
Bottici's work examines the function of the metaphor of the state as a person within the Western canon of political philosophy and its fate in the contemporary epoch, a time in which challenges to the traditional notion of state sovereignty question the idea of clear-cut boundaries, and therefore the possibility of drawing any analogy between states and individuals.
Palgrave 2009) offered a systematic reconstruction of the role that the analogy between states and individuals has played in European modern political philosophy and in contemporary theories of globalization, where the modern sovereign state is often taken as the culminating point of political life and where the gendered dimension of political thinking is emphasized.
Jan Niklas Rolf critiqued Bottici’s approach as conflating the analogy between the domestic and the international realm (the domestic analogy properly understood) and the analogy between the state of nature and the international realm (the state of nature analogy).
By offering a critique in the form of a genealogy, following Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals, Bottici provides a critical philosophical framework for the concept of political myth, explaining why political myths are a crucial ingredient of modern politics.
Bottici and Challand argue that the image of a clash between Islam and the West is a political myth because it is a self-fulfilling prophecy nourished by centuries of Orientalism, Occidentalism, and identity politics as rooted in the history of European colonialism.
For Bottici and Challand, the concept of Europe relies on a specific politics of imagination where mythical and historical narratives are most often intermingled.
Examples include the idea that Europe was born out of the Greek Civilization, the belief in an intrinsically Christian Europe, and finally, the concept of Europe as the cradle of modernity.
They argue that among Europe’s founding myths, the most powerful ones are those that rely on geopolitical maps and other artefacts of the imagination, such as the division between Eastern and Western Europe or the idea of a fortress Europe.
The imaginal, defined as the space made of images, of representations that are also presences in themselves, acts both as the result of an individual faculty as well as the product of the social context.
Bottici’s work on the imaginal, as this third alternative between the individual and the social reflects her efforts to move towards a new social ontology.
In a 2017 seminar on mass psychology and Trumpism with Judith Butler, Bottici emphasized the ongoing production and receipt of the political image as a mode of the ongoing production and receipt of the political self.
The philosophy of transindividuality, according to which individuals must be understood not as objects, but as continuous and contingent processes of association that happen at the inter-, infra-, and supra-individual level, is central to Bottici’s feminist writings.
Her recent work in this area elaborates a contemporary theory of anarcha-feminism, which argues against a one single principle (or arché) that explains gender oppression, and emphasizes ongoing interrogations of specific intersections of class, race, empire, sexuality, hetero- and cis- normativity.
Whereas Bottici’s academic work provides a philosophy of the imaginal, her experimental writings put forward an imaginal philosophy, that is, a form of polystylism where literary images convey philosophical ideas.
An important part of her work in this area was devoted to retelling the myths of femininity from the point of view of contemporary time, transforming figures of the old patriarchal mythology, such as Sheherazade, Ariadne, and Europa, into feminist symbols.
Bottici’s creative practice has extended to Anglophone poetry and the art of the libretto, including her recent collaboration with composer and multimedia artist Jean-Baptiste Barriere.
In late 1795 Admiral Hugh Cloberry Christian hoisted his flag aboard the 98-gun and assembled his squadron and the transports, numbering over two hundred merchantmen carrying 16,000 men, and making up the largest troop convoy to leave England to that date.
The expedition sailed on 6 October, 16 November, and 9 December, but each time weather forced the vessels to put back.
For a time she left the violin to play Hawaiian guitar, but then she returned to the violin, which she played with the DuBois Symphony Orchestra.
Overall, she performed for U.S. military personnel from 1944 until 1965, with stops including Greenland, Guam, Hawaii, Japan, Korea, the South Pacific islands, Taiwan, Iwo Jima, Labrador, and Saipan.
A successful audition made Neal a member of the group Phil Reed and his Golden West Girls on radio station WHJB in Greensburg, Pennsylvania.
In the early 1950s, she was featured on WWVA radio in Wheeling, West Virginia, and on television stations WDTV and WENS in Pittsburgh and WJAC in Johnstown.
Neal was hospitalized for 16 weeks after her hip was broken when the car in which she and a member of her musical group were riding skidded on a wet highway and hit a concrete pillar on December 4, 1951.
Word of her situation brought unsolicited responses -- over 600 handkerchiefs and monetary donations (which she donated to help handicapped children).
After recovering from that injury, she moved to Nevada, where she performed in venues in Elko, Lake Tahoe, and Las Vegas.
On February 15, 2004, Neal died of a cancer-related illness at Manor Care Health Services in Reno, Nevada, at age 85.
At the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg, Germany, he is completing his doctorate degree on human trafficking in Southeast Europe.
When the HDZ won the 2016 parliamentary election, he was appointed as an advisor for legal and political issues to Prime Minister Plenković.
The HDZ won 4 seats and the highest number of votes with 22.7 percent, while Ressler won the highest number of preferential votes on the HDZ's list; 52,309 total votes (21.71 percent) which was the fourth-best overall score.
Within the Ninth European Parliament, Ressler operates within the Committee on Budgets (BUDG) and the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE).
He is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
The navigable Napa River flows from Napa to the San Francisco Bay, and early in Napa's history was essentially the only way to transport produce and passengers to San Fran, and assorted goods and passengers back.
In 2009, on the anniversary of VVN (Victory in Vietnam) Day, Angela Abar, then a police officer in Saigon, is met by Doctor Manhattan in a bar.
After explaining how he experiences time simultaneously, Manhattan says that after leaving earth in 1985, he had been on Europa, creating life in a closed eco-system.
He had created clones of Phillips and Crookshanks, the lord and lady of a British manor, who had housed him and his father after they escaped Germany in the 1930s.
In 1985, he teleported the manor to Europa for the clones, but left due to the clones' obsession with pleasing and worshiping him.
Manhattan explains events of the future to her, knowing she will help him during a period in time he cannot foresee.
In two weeks' time, Angela helps Manhattan select a body from the morgue to take on its human appearance to avoid suspicion.
Seeing Manhattan has fallen in love, Veidt offers him a small device he had created in 1985, originally intended as a weapon to use against Manhattan.
In exchange, Manhattan offers to teleport Veidt to his Europa eco-system, where the Phillips and Crookshanks clones will serve and adore him as he so desires.
Before allowing Angela to use the device on him, Manhattan visits Will in New York City, explaining he will need to help his granddaughter Angela in 2019.
In 2019, after Angela removes Veidt's device, Manhattan tells her that he is aware of the Seventh Kavalry plan to capture him, and teleports their children to safety with Will in downtown Tulsa.
Angela realizes Manhattan is speaking simultaneously to her in 2019 and to Will in 2009, and demands Manhattan ask Will how he knew of Judd's connection to Cyclops.
Manhattan states the Kavalry are about to attack, and Angela, despite knowing that Manhattan is aware of the future, prepares to defend him; Manhattan tells her this was the moment he fell in love with her.
The two kill most of the Kavalry, but one last one fires a tachyon cannon to capture him, to Angela's anguish.
The choice to not reveal his face during these scenes was part of Damon Lindelof and Jeff Jensen's script, as at this point, he was assumed to appear as he looked like in the limited series.
They also feared that showing Manhattan's face at this point would cause fans of the limited series to be disappointed and upset, regardless of what approach they used for matching the comic.
As shooting a conversation where only one person's face would be visible, Kassell worked with cinematographer Greg Middleton to establish what blocking shots they would use to avoid excessive repetition through these scenes, as well as how they would transition in and out of these scenes.
Abdul-Mateen had accepted the role of Cal before knowing he would also be Doctor Manhattan; he was only told this between filming of the second and third episodes.
Because he knew this would likely involve him being naked, he hired a personal trainer and started a diet to be able to present a good body image for the camera.
Makeup to cover Abdul-Mateen took about two and a half hours of airbushing, while removing the makeup took another hour of washing with solvents.
The episode included shots from within Karnak, Veidt's Antarctica base, and directed some shots to be nearly identical to those from the comic.
The illustrations were drawn by Dave Gibbons, the illustrator of the original limited series, and who has been working with Lindelof on the series.
Kassell said that they opted to use a post-credits scene to avoid disrupting the calculated flow of the rest of the episode, comparing the scene to the comic's additional material after each chapter.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has an approval rating of 100% with an average score of 9.25 out of 10, based on 23 reviews.
The Melbourne school named Prahran College of Technology and then Prahran College of Advanced Education was a late-secondary and tertiary institution with a business school, a trade school, and a multi-disciplinary art school that dated back to the 1860s populated by instructors and students who were among Australia’s significant artists, designers and performers.
The Prahran Mechanics' Institute was established in 1856 with part of its activities separating and being identified the Prahran Technical Art School in 1915.
That was incorporated in the Prahran Technical School in 1950 with its tertiary and trade education becoming the Prahran College of Technology in 1967.
It offered a wide range of higher education and TAFE courses (later including degrees), with a focus on art and design.
A May 1, 1854 meeting he attended with other businessmen of the district resolved to establish a Prahran Mechanics’ Institute, and from a fund-raising campaign a dedicated building was constructed in Chapel Street and opened in December 1856.
Throughout the 1860s the Victorian government, seeking to improve industrial design, established schools of design for 'working men', and a School of Art and Design was set up in Prahran.
By 1876 the emphasis had switched to preparatory classes for university entrance and for public examinations leading to employment in the Public Service.
The Institute closed for lack of funds during the 1890s depression, but Henry Furneaux in his appointment as Secretary in 1900 re-established the Institute, started to restore its membership and agitated for better accommodation for classes.
He proposed to his committee of management the employment of Thomas Levick, part-time art teacher at the Working Men’s College (now RMIT) and previously at the Castlemaine School of Mines, and he was duly appointed from July 1, 1908.
September 4, 1909 brought Education Department recognition as a Prahran Technical Art School, but unlike for other such schools Prahran did not receive government maintenance grants and though by August 1911 the School had an enrolment of forty-eight, Furneaux was obliged to continue lobbying for a new building.
When Levick resigned to take up a permanent position at the Melbourne college Furneaux strategically left the appointment of his replacement to the Education Department which on February 6, 1912, hired William R. Dean, a lithographer and commercial artist who had gone on to study at the National Gallery in London and was made Associate of the Royal College of Architecture.
A new trade block was opened in 1961 on the corner of St John and Thomas Streets, with a second stage finished in 1963.
Evening courses were also provided in Cabinet-Making and Home Wood Craft; Shorthand; Typewriting; Dressmaking; Invalid Cookery; Ticket writing; Display; Millinery and Preparatory Apprentice Class.
The Committee on the Future of Tertiary Education in Australia was appointed on August 27, 1961 and via the Universities Commission reported to the Commonwealth Minister, Senator John Gorton.
Willis Connolly heading the Victorian State Advisory Committee on Technical Education oversaw implementation of the recommendations of the Commission and created the Victorian Institute of Colleges (VIC) through an Act on June 9, 1965.
That year the senior part of the school had begun to call itself Prahran Technical College and Alan Warren, a graphic design teacher from RMIT School of Art replaced Duncan as Principal.
Prahran was considered to be at the vanguard of design education, offering the first Diploma course major in photography in Australia.
Enrolments then in the art school under Head of Art Frank Carter then comprised 80 secondary teachers in training who received £15 a fortnight from the Education Department, 30 Certificate of Art students and 200 part-time students.
Its favourable position was backed up by the fact that the school had an established council that could become a new autonomous College council as suggested by VIC.
In order that the institute could officially become a College in line with Principal Alan Warren's ambitions, and affiliate with the Victoria Institute of Colleges, General Studies was included in the curriculum from May 1965.
The Prahran and District Parent-Teachers' Council and the Victorian Teachers' Union organised a meeting at the Prahran Town Hall on 12 May 1966 to protest conditions in local schools and carried a resolution calling on the State Government to apply the Health Act to State Schools.
Cr Martin Smith, President of the Prahran Technical School Council, responded by showing the meeting plans for a new Arts and Commerce Block for the College, a multi-storeyed building which had been approved by the Education Department against a background of inaction since 1947 despite Union complaints since the 1930s of leaky Technical School roofs and ‘slum-like’ conditions.
The new building, of five storeys and a basement, was constructed during 1966 and 1967 at a cost of $1.5 million with $800,000 granted by the Commonwealth Government.
This structure became the basis of Prahran’s well respected ‘Preliminary’ or ‘Foundation’ Year, headed by Gordon Leviston, which in 1970 included Liberal Studies: History of Arts 1, Matriculation English Expression; Design Studies: Image Design, Structure Design; Related Studies: Drawing, Technical Drawing, Lettering, and Rendering.
This building was demolished fifty years later for the construction by the Andrews government of a 25 million 'vertical' secondary college, next to Melbourne Polytechnic and the National Institute of Circus Arts, and which opened in 2019.
That year sculptor Lenton Parr who was Head of Sculpture at RMIT (1964–66) was appointed Head of Art and Design in the building still being completed as he arrived.
He appointed teachers who became influential in Australian art and was held in high esteem by staff, but his fine art philosophy clashed with the vocationally-oriented aims of Principal Warren, who acted unsuccessfully to have him removed by advertising his job, prompting an inquiry by the Minister.
Warren’s appointments of end-of-career advertising industry men were unpopular with his staff and there was unrest amongst students, which against the background of the government inquiry into the governance of the College and resignations of 16 staff, culminated in a ‘work-in’ in June and July 1969 in the Prahran Town Hall which was reported in the newspapers of July 31.
The tertiary section of the school joining the Victorian Institute of Colleges did not automatically split Prahran Tech into College, School and Trade sections, so 'separation' of secondary education, still housed in the institution, from the tertiary, had to be considered.
In particular, during 1970 there was discussion about moving the boys out of the premises behind the High Street building in part due to objections to their behaviour from female art students, and the Mechanics Institute was agitating to resume its buildings.
The Schools' Board on 4 November 1970 adopted the 'Organizational Structure of Prahran Technical School' plan under which Warren would continue as Principal, Kate McKemmish as Vice-Principal in charge of a co-ed school at Hornby Street and Keane as Vice-Principal of St John St trades studies until separation.
Even when split up, the school’s four parts — the senior Prahran Technical College, Prahran junior Technical School (Boys), Prahran Junior Technical School (Girls) and the trade schools — still referred to themselves as ‘Prahran Tech’, until reconfigured as Prahran Secondary College then closed in the 1980s.
As a response to the government review, Art and Design, Business Studies and Liberal Studies Boards reporting to the Administrative and Academic Boards were appointed, all with student representation, to oversee the governance of the new institution alongside Staffing, Finance and Building and Maintenance Committees.
Mid-stream course changes at the beginning of 1971 were prompted when Prahran's new courses in photography, cinematography, film production and the proposed course in television production were found not to have been approved by the VIC; Warren had mistakenly assumed outside approval was not necessary.
A compromise allowed Prahran to submit their Product Design, Fashion Design, Cinematography and Ceramics courses for acceptance but Photography or Print Making remained unapproved.
Having realised his ten-year ambition for a ‘College’ but as a consequence of Council, staff and student disenchantment for which he had lately been the cause, and after having his position reclassified and advertised, Warren resigned at the end of 1971.
Mirsky, became Acting Principal on 24 January 1972, initially applied for the position of Principal, but withdrew his application in April.
His successor was Dr. David Armstrong (1941–2006), the first Principal who was not from an art background, who replaced staff hired by Warren with Victor Majzner, sculptor John Davies, and photographer Athol Shmith.
Other lecturers in 1971 included film-maker Paul Cox, painters Jeffrey Makin and Sandra Leveson, Pam Hallandal who had been at the school since 1958, Tim Moorhead, John Howley, Caroline May, Industrial Designer Edmond Worsley who was Head of Art in 1971, and Gordon Leviston, at the school since 1950, who was Head of Preliminary Studies which was also being restructured by Armstrong.
Equipped with $46,500 of new equipment, Business students were streamed into Accounting and Data Processing from a general first year course, in which all took Matriculation English Expression, Social Studies, Economic History, Business Mathematics and Finite Mathematics, with semester-based subjects available on a part-time basis so that students could be working while studying, often taking eight years to complete a Diploma of Business.
In 1972 the VIC forewarned of budget cuts to come in the next 3 years and that the Business Studies Building would be merely refurbished instead of replaced.
No other expansion would be funded, though purchase of properties at 43 and 53 Green Street already underway proceeded, and the Education Department acquired a block at 43 St John Street for $11,250.51.
The Fashion Design course, with high demands on space and whose staff qualifications did not meet VIC requirements, was sacrificed to the budget cuts, and to some predominating male prejudice.
After 54 years as a council-controlled school funded by the Education Department, Prahran Technical School ceased to exist in June 1970 when it became part of the Victorian Institute of Colleges and on 21 February 1973 took a new name; Prahran College of Advanced Education.
In 1977 the college offered its first degree, a Bachelor of Business (Accounting), and in March 1978 the School of Art and Design applied unsuccessfully to the VIC to offer courses leading to a Bachelor of Arts (Interdisciplinary - Art and Design).
Armstrong’s interest in community colleges and his ambition to develop a multi-campus institution offering non-tertiary, part-time study advanced its activities outside the Diploma courses, and establishment of adult education for early school leavers and women especially.
He positioned Prahran as a 'comprehensive community college’, ‘small and human’ running a with student-centred program that sidestepped status distinctions in tertiary education.
Though his changes were not universally popular due to unease by some about their ‘dumbing down’ the College, and though he often clashed with VIC, he was generally respected.
In addition the College provided cheap student accommodation, offered cheap health insurance and ran a Medical Centre, assisted in financing exhibitions at the Art & Design Building Gallery, and also ran a number of short courses.
The TAFE (Technical and Further Education) system was created in 1975 by an Act of Parliament and governed by the Victorian Education Department, a separate program from that of Prahran College of Advanced Education as governed by the Victorian Institute of Colleges.
It proved a boon for Prahran in providing a purpose for components of courses split from the Technical College after its dissolution, and in establishing a junior and senior college system with strong ties to the local community, integral to, and providing pathways into, the College and thus served Armstrong's ambitions.
Dr Colin Woodrow was appointed Assistant Director, TAFE in 1975, overseeing all of its courses, which included, in 1976, Certificate of Business Studies, Childcare Studies, Library Studies, Certificate of Applied Art and a Trade School with divisions in Furniture and Fibrous Plastering.
Tertiary Orientation Year in General Studies was an equivalent to today’s Victorian Higher School Certificate, was an entry qualification into PCAE and some other institutions.
The Prahran Art Foundation Year was administered by TAFE, and Adult Extension Courses were also important entry pathways into the College.
1976 subjects included Basic Photography, Basic Pottery, Representational Painting, Life Drawing, Intermediate Painting, Jewellery and Silver Craft, Weaving and Textile Art, General Sculpture, Technical illustration, Graphics and Design, Printmaking, Airbrush Techniques, Intermediate Photography, Intermediate Ceramics alongside Furniture Studies, Mandarin Chinese, Modern Greek, Indonesian, Hebrew and Yiddish, as well as Business Studies subjects like Small Business, Financial Management, Accounting and Book-keeping, Business Law, Customer Relations and Social Science subjects.
In 1977 Prahran College Extension tutors in drawing and painting included Howard Arkley, Elizabeth Gower and Stephen May; Prahran graduate Betty Knight in sculpture; Ann Learmonth ran a weaving and knotting class; Cheryl Small, another Prahran graduate, offered ceramics.
Peter Schmedig tutored in Art History and Appreciation; and Alan Money, Head of Drama, ran a Theatre Workshop while playwright Simon Hopkinson ran a course called The Writer's Craft.
Staff agreed that community courses led to increased enrolments in the diploma; Prahran graduates Euan McGillivray, Warren Townsend and Maurice Hambur taught Photography and as John Cato noted in 1981, the community program generated more than a third of the 1981 intake for photography and provided training for staff who might eventually be employed by the College.
Dr Colin Campbell replaced Armstrong in July 1980 and took forward to the VIC proposals for Bachelors of Arts in Fine Art in Ceramics and Photography and in Indonesian Language and Culture; Bachelors Degrees in Business (Personnel Administration, and Credit Management); and a Postgraduate Diploma in Corporate Risk Management, for the 1982-84 triennium.
On 23 December 1981 Prahran College of Advanced Education split from Prahran College of TAFE and was merged with State College of Victoria teachers’ colleges at Burwood, Rusden and Toorak to create Victoria College across five campuses.
Prahran continued to develop and offer new courses and at the time had 767 full-time and 1192 part-time TAFE students, and 1350 in higher education, taught by 125 academic and 121 general staff and a budget of $5,097,000.
For 1983 the Prahran campus had received the lowest funds per student of the 17 tertiary colleges/institutes in Victoria prompting a student deputation to the Labor government in Canberra.
Business Studies suffered a loss of two-thirds of its program to another campus when Accounting and Data Processing was transferred to Burwood.
The Prahran entity ceased to be from January 1, 1992 when an Act of Parliament brought Prahran College of TAFE under the auspices of Swinburne University of Technology, with the only tertiary courses, Graphics and Industrial Design, remaining on the campus.
All others were moved to Deakin University except Prahran Fine Art under Gareth Sansom which was relocated and amalgamated with the Victorian College of the Arts, where the next Dean of Art was William Kelly.
As the VCA was not split into departments, it was the Prahran heads who were given the role in several cases, with Pam Hallandal becoming Head of Drawing (then retiring at the end of 1993), Head of Ceramics was Greg Wain, previously Head of Ceramics at Prahran, and Victor Majzner likewise became Head of Painting at the VCA.
Printmaking was a separate Department at VCA before the merger and its Head was a Prahran graduate, Allan Mitelman, who was replaced by John Scurry, Head of Printmaking at Prahran.
I foresaw the end of the heady days of creative initiatives, of working within a system with a degree of autonomy for an administration which trusted that the decisions we made were always in the interests of better educating aspiring arLsts.
Specimen is a 1996 Canadian science fiction thriller television film directed by John Bradshaw based on a story by Bradshaw and producer Damian Lee, and starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar as a young man with superpowers and an enigmatic past which catches up with him just as he begins to investigate it.
At the home of his grandparents (Dennis O'Connor and Jennifer Higgin), when his duvet begins to smoulder, he gets into a drawn bath to sleep in.
They are accosted by her bully of an ex-boyfriend Blaine (Mark Lutz) and a fight ensues, Mike manifesting super strength and an unfocussed power of remote or tactile spontaneous combustion: objects ignite and Blaine suffers burns to his chest from Mike's pyrokinetic touch.
During a baseball game at the community centre, Mike has a vision of James being hurt and bullied by another boy, Bart (Kevin Zegers).
Meanwhile, on two successive nights, two powerful-looking men emerge from a lake — aliens in human camouflage bio-suits: the bounty hunter Eleven (), and Sixty-Six (Andrew Jackson).
Masterson pays a visit to Mike and reveals what he knows about Mike's mother: she believed that she had been impregnated by an alien and that she left town before Mike was born.
That night, Blaine sneaks into Mike's vacated motel room and is apprehended by Eleven, who kills him once he learns of Mike's connection to Jessica.
Mike arrives calling for her, sees her helpless in the pool and jumps in, only to be ambushed by Eleven who tries to drown him.
Suddenly, Sixty-Six intervenes to save Mike and tells Eleven he is in charge and subdues him with a burst of flames.
Though the story's action is mostly set in the fictional American town of Eastfield, principal photography took place in Toronto, 2-23 October 1995.
Shooting locations include Centre 55 (corner of Main and Swanwick), a former East Toronto police station built in the 1900s, which served as the Eastfield police station.
However, the film fails to fulfill its potential:Given the limitless range of powers a writer could give to alien beings, one is rather disappointed that the four scribes ... couldn't come up with anything more intriguing for these beings than the ability to create fire at will.
By the end of this feature, the viewer may feel like he or she has spent the last hour and a half staring into a roaring campfire.
One can't fault the producers of this film for taking advantage of a story with which the public seems to have an endless fascination, though one could have hoped they might do something more interesting with it.
The Hackett House, at 2109 1st St. in Napa, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The Bulldogs, led by 2nd-year head coach Dylan Howard, play their home games at the Elmore Gymnasium in Normal, Alabama as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
For the second season in a row, Alabama A&M was ineligible for postseason play due to APR violations, preventing them from participating in the SWAC Tournament.
The village has a church dedicated to St. Peters and is located adjacent to the areas of Rawnsley, Littleworth and Hazelslade.
In October 2019, the series was renewed for a second season of 12 episodes, with all of the stars of the first season scheduled to appear.
The series centres on four young children living with a foster father, Mr. Leopold (Neil Crone) on a farm, who discover an extraterrestrial alien on their property after its spaceship crashes, and become drawn into the adventure of helping the alien in its mission to save endangered species.
Season One was filmed in and around the city of Guelph, Ontario and the second season was scheduled to also be filmed in that city, starting January 6, 2020.
In addition to CBC and Hulu, the series will air on Universal Kids in the US, CBBC in the UK, Norddeutscher Rundfunk in Germany, ABC in Australia, Sveriges Television in Sweden, NRK in Norway, and Globosat in Brazil.
He was also superintendent of construction on several buildings, including the Bank of Napa building, the First National Bank building in Napa, and two grammar school buildings.
Sharma had a small permanent population of merchants and soldiers and served mainly as a transshipment point between East Africa and India.
Sharma was located on the Raʾs Sharma promontory about east of on a plain situated between two plateaus overlooking a sandy beach.
The geography of the site makes it easily defensible, since the continental plateau rises above the plain, which is accessible only by means of two narrow wadis.
The plain itself is higher than beach and accessible only by two pathways, while the isolated plateau west of the settlement was accessible by only one.
Pre-Islamic artefacts from India, Oman and Persia have been recovered from the site, suggestive of a flourishing trade during Himyarite times.
The main period of settlement was the tenth through twelfth centuries, and that settlement, by far the most extensive in the history of the site, was created from scratch.
Writing in 985, al-Muqaddasī records that Sharma and Lasʿā () were dependencies of the Ziyadid rulers of Zabīd on the Red Sea coast.
About 1150, al-Idrīsī wrote that Sharma and Lasʿā on the coast of Ḥaḍramawt were stopovers on the sailing route from Aden to Mirbāṭ and were about one day apart.
Around 1300, al-Dimashqī mentions Sharma for the last time, noting only that it and al-Shiḥr were the two harbours of Ḥaḍramawt.
The extension of the Shiite Buyid emirate into Iraq (945) and of the Shiite Fatimid caliphate into the Red Sea may have provided propitious circumstances for the founding of a new trade emporium in southern Arabia.
Likewise, the reemergence of the Mediterranean Sea as a major hub of international trade may have drawn merchants away from the Persian Gulf and towards the Red Sea.
The error of al-Muqaddasī in placing Sharma on the Red Sea is best explained by the port's having been only just founded at the time of his writing.
The decline of Sharma from about 1150 may be linked to the rise of its obvious rivals, al-Shiḥr and Mirbāṭ, or to the aggressive policy of the Persian port of Kish.
It is thus impossible to determine whether buildings had one or two storeys except in the case of the thickest foundations walls, which almost certainly supported two storeys.
The building types have no known equivalents among medieval Ḥaḍramī archiecture, but are similar to ancient Sabaean types from the same region.
Sharma was originally protected on the landward side by an earthen and stone wall thick stretching from one plateau to the other.
Atop the plateau to the west of the settlement there was a citadel comprising two forts on the accessible eastern half separated by a gated wall thick from another fort built over top of the ruins of the Himyarite temple.
Pieces of incense and small glass beads are common, but most significant is the large and varied corpus of imported ceramic and glass vessels.
The nearest known kiln was at Yadhghat about to the north and it seems to have provided some pottery to the port.
Objects from ten different Chinese kiln sites have been identified: Changsha, Dingzhou, Ganzhou, Jianyang, Jingdezhen, Jizhou, Tong'an, Xicun, Yaozhou and Yue.
The earliest Chinese pieces were fired in the late ninth century and the latest in the early twelfth, but eleventh-century firings predominate.
There are a few examples of what might be the earliest glazed ware produced in South Arabia at Aden and Zabīd, or else evidence of the thirteenth-century occupation.
Besides the probable local production and those from Yadhghat, there are types from India, Sindh, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea coast and the Swahili coast.
The number of African imports is unusually high: 16.2% of all unglazed ceramics and perhaps as much as 21.5% in the first phase.
They belong to the tradition known as Triangular-Incised Ware and items of the same type have been found at coastal sites of Shanga, Manda, Kilwa, Lamu and the Comoros.
It may originate in the area, since these minerals are found in Arabia, but the style has also been found at Kilwa, with pieces originating in Vohemar in Madagascar.
The rice was thought by its discoverers to have come from either Egypt or India, but it may have come from Madagascar, which is known to have exported rice to Kilwa that was then traded with Aden.
Circumstantial cases may be made linking Sharma with the trade in rock crystal from Madagascar and Dembeni, with the reprocessing of rough processed sugar cane from the Comoros, and with the Indian Ocean trade in African slaves.
The current Constitution establishes that the President of Costa Rica is both head of state and head of government, and the current officeholder is Carlos Alvarado Quesada of the Citizens' Action Party.
On the 29th of that month, the city of Cartago, head of the Partido de Costa Rican, also signed an act declaring the absolute independence of the Spanish Government.
During this period the main divisions occurred between two sides; the imperialist who sought to annex Costa Rica to the First Mexican Empire and the Republican who sought full independence from Costa Rica.
Between 1824 and 1838 Costa Rica was a member of the Federal Republic of Central America, and the president was the federal president of the country, although the political influence of the federal government was minimal.
Between 1824 and 1847 and according to the Constitutions of the United Provinces of Central America (1824), of Costa Rica from 1825 and 1844, the chief of the executive branch bore the title of supreme chief or first chief.
In Costa Rica there was no war between liberals and conservatives as was common in the rest of Latin America and even coup d'etats and de facto governments were mostly between liberal factions.
The historiography tends to divide this historical period in two, the previous one to the civil war of 1948 and the subsequent one to it.
The liberal hegemony only broke briefly with the government of Vicente Herrera Zeledón (who however had been elected by the liberals) who ruled de facto for just over a year between 1876 and 1877.
In addition, Costa Rican politics was then (and continues to be to some extent) eminently personalist, so political parties such as Civil, National, Peliquista and Republican revolved mostly around leaders and political figures and not ideologies although, in general terms, they usually be diffusely associated with liberalism.
However, even after the war, an important influence of liberal thinking could be seen in the presidents emanated from opposition coalitions as well as within the Social Christian Unity Party.
The National Republican Party led several liberals to the presidency, however, it would be under the government of perhaps its most famous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia that the reforms known as the Social Guarantees would be given for the benefit of the poorest classes and would be one of the triggers of the war of 48.
After the rupture of the constitutional order in 1948 when the third and last Costa Rican civil war broke out, the victorious side formed by the National Liberation Movement exercised de facto power for 18 months under the self-appointed Founding Junta of the Second Republic chaired by José Figueres Ferrer who proclaimed the beginning of the Second Costa Rican Republic.
José Figueres would hand over the Executive Power to Otilio Ulate Blanco on November 8, 1949 as the alleged winner of the 1948 elections whose annulment by the government of Teodoro Picado and Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia caused the civil war of the same year.
A National Constituent Assembly was also convened that drafted the 1949 Constitution, still in force, and also created the official positions of First and Second Vice presidents of the Republic.
The National Liberation Party, of social democratic ideology and led by the war-winning leader José Figueres Ferrer would become the main political force after 48, but both Calderonistas and liberals would remain active allying with each other, which would allow the governments of Mario Echandi Jiménez and José Joaquín Trejos Fernández.
Following the merger of almost all the antiliberacionista opposition grouped in the Unity Coalition in the Social Christian Unity Party in 1983, this party and the National Liberation would form a solid bipartisanism so that all presidents between 1982 and 2014 belonged to one of these two parties.
It is in 2014 that bipartisanship is broken with the coming to power of Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, first president of the post-bipartisan stage and belonging to a party that was not linked to the two major traditional political tendencies (liberationism and calderonism) theCitizens' Action Party that had already been the main opposition force for two previous periods.
The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945 is a 2015 book by Jewish American historian Joshua D. Zimmerman, focusing on the relationship between Polish resistance in World War II and the Jews.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Nebraska in 1970 and a master's degree in business administration from Auburn University in 1971.
He received his commission and navigator wings through the aviation cadet program at Harlingen Air Force Base, Texas, in April 1960.
After completing B-52 upgrade training at Mather Air Force Base, California and survival training at Stead Air Force Base, Nevada, he was assigned as a B-52 navigator with the 7th Bombardment Wing, Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, in January 1961.
In March 1964 he entered pilot training at Reese Air Force Base, Texas, and upon graduation in April 1965, was assigned to the 33rd Tactical Fighter Wing, Eglin Air Force Base, as an F-4 Phantom II pilot.
He then served in the Tactical branch, 8th Tactical Fighter Wing, Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand, from May 1967 to March 1968.
During this tour of duty, he flew 250 combat hours (140 sorties, including 100 missions over North Vietnam) in the F-4D.
On 8 February 1968 he led a two aircraft low-level attack on Phúc Yên Air Base, his F-4 was hit by antiaircraft fire and he and his radar intercept officer Captain Tracy K. Dorsett ejected over Laos where they evaded enemy forces before being rescued by USAF helicopters.
He then was assigned to Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, serving in the Fighter Concepts and Doctrine Division of the Tactical Fighter Weapons Center.
Upon graduation from Air Command and Staff College in August 1971, he was assigned as an action officer in the Fighter Tactics Branch of the Tactical Division, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.
After graduating in June 1975, he was assigned as chief of requirements, plans and programs, in the Air Force section of the Joint U.S. Military Assistance Mission to Turkey.
He then became deputy commander for operations and commandant of the Fighter Weapons School within the 57th Fighter Weapons Wing, also at Nellis.
He was appointed vice commander of the 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing, Clark Air Force Base, Philippines, in August 1980 and became commander in February 1981.
In June 1985 he returned to USAF headquarters as director of electronic combat in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Research, Development and Acquisition.
He was assigned as commander of the 65th Air Division, USAF in Europe's Electronic Combat Air Division, Lindsey Air Station, West Germany, in August 1987.
In April 1988 he was promoted to Major general and became deputy chief of staff for operations, Headquarters USAF in Europe, Ramstein Air Base, West Germany.
From November 1990 until March 1991 he was deputy commander of operations for the Central Command Air Forces in the Persian Gulf.
Bilodeau was noticed by the founder of Dare to Care Records, Éli Bisonnette, when he competed at Francouvertes 2015 and finished in third place.
The album was a suprise success, which Bilodeau attributed to its use of Quebec French and relatable lyrical content for many Quebecers.
It was established near the home of George Blackburn Kinkead (former Secretary of State of Kentucky), several years after the American Civil War.
She won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children’s, Family Viewing or Special Class Program at the 46th Daytime Emmy Awards, and is a two-time Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in 2018 and the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.
Freweini Mebrahtu () is an Ethiopian chemical engineer and inventor who won the 2019 CNN Hero of the year award for her activism in improving girls' access to education.
As of 2019, she employs hundreds of locals in Tigray region of Ethiopia, and makes more than 700,000 of the reusable pads that are mainly provided to non-governmental organizations.
Her menstrual product plus her educational campaign has helped in removing the stigma surrounding menstruation and stopped girls from dropping out of schools due to the stigma.
He served as the head football coach at Hastings College in Hastings, Nebraska from 1964 to 1966 and South Dakota State University from 1970 to 1971, comping a career college football coaching record of 18–28–1.
One of his first coaching jobs was at Coffeyville Community College in Coffeyville, Kansas, where he was an assistant football coach and head track coach.
It was built for the Semorile family which came in 1855 from Portofino, Italy to Mariposa, California, in Gold Rush country, and later moved to the Napa Valley.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
They will face all teams, except those that are in their own group, with the top two teams from each group qualifying for the quarterfinals.
Te Ohu Whakaari was a Māori theatre cooperative formed by Rangimoana Taylor in the early 1980s that created and performed plays across New Zealand Aotearoa.
Rangimoana Taylor was inspired to form Te Ohu Whakaari by his experiences in an Auckland-based theatre company called Statement Theatre alongside Nathaniel Lees, and provoked into action through an opportunity from artist Darcy Nicholas who was running the Wellington Arts Centre that was funded at the time by the Department of Labour.
The Depot Theatre (that became Taki Rua) nurtured a philosophy to foster New Zealand work which also influenced Te Ohu Whakaari.
One of the Te Ohu Whakaari posters from 1986 is held in the collection of Te Papa Tongarewa and promotes a national tour (poster designed by Chris McBride).
Members of Te Ohu Whakaari included Maringikura Campbell, Himiona Grace, Michael Grace, Apirana Taylor, Riwia Brown, Donna McLeod and Briar Grace-Smith.
Jujitsu at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Laus Convention Centre in San Fernando, Pampanga in the Philippines, from 9 to 10 December 2019.
John Wilson Stewart (1889 – April 23, 1943) was an American football, basketball, and track coach, college athletics administrator, and educator.
He served as the head football coach at the University of South Dakota from 1918 to 1919, and the University of Montana from 1922 to 1923, compiling a career college football coaching record of 10–16.
Stewart was the head basketball coach at South Dakota from 1918 to 1922 and Montana from 1922 and 1932, tallying a career college basketball coaching mark of 104–125.
He was also the head track coach at Montana from 1923 to 1925 and the school's athletic director from 1924 to 1932.
Stewart served as the head football coach (1922–1923), head men's basketball coach (1922–1932), head track coach (1923–1925), and athletic director at the University of Montana.
The winning team earned the right to represent the United States at the 2019 World Mixed Curling Championship in Aberdeen, Scotland.
The 1972 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling College (now known as Grambling State University) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season.
In its 30th season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling compiled an 11–2 record (5–1 against conference opponents), tied for the SWAC championship, defeated in the Pelican Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 346 to 123.
Freddy Mamani or Freddy Mamani Silvestre (born November 1, 1971) is a Bolivian architect noted for his development of the Neo-Andean architectural style.
His work is most associated with the city of El Alto and with the new social class of upwardly mobile indigenous Bolivians.
Mamani was born in Catavi and received his degrees from the Universidad Mayor de San Andres and Universidad Boliviana de Informática.
Jean Victor de Bruijn (25 November 1913 – 12 February 1979) was a Dutch district officer, soldier, explorer, ethnologist and writer.
He spent most of his life in the Dutch East Indies, especially in Dutch New Guinea, working as a colonial administrator and an ethnologist.
He gained fame for holding out with native Papuan soldiers in mountainous interior of Western New Guinea against overwhelming Japanese forces, as part of Operation Oaktree, maintaining one of the last Dutch-controlled outposts in the Dutch East Indies during World War II.
Jean Victor de Bruijn, one of a family of eight children, was bom to Dutch parents with some distant Javanese ancestry at the sugar plantation of Mertojoedan, near Magelang, in Java.
He wanted to work in the Dutch East Indies administration, which required mandatory courses in Indology, and in 1931 he registered at the University of Leiden, completing his classes in 1935.
However, owing to the Great Depression, no further appointements in the colonial administration could be made there, and he had to face two years in the Netherlands on part salary but without occupation.
In December 1937, after pursuing further studies directly at the University of Leiden, he left it with a degree of Doctor of literature and Philosophy.
From Batavia, he was appointed Assistant district officer at Saparua in the Molucca Islands, where he remained for eight month, contributing to the construction of roads in order to open up the country.
However he was very keen on going and working in New Guinea, and he had asked to be appointed there already back when he still was in the Netherlands.
The recent discovery of the Wissel Lakes in December 1936, in the mountainous interior of the island, had made him all the more eager, but the authorities thought him to be far too young for the responsible nature of the work.
Nonetheless and unexpectedly, after only ten months in the service, de Bruijn got his opportunity as the Government became soon aware of his talents.
In 1939 they sent him an urgent telegram to fly to Ambon, and from there proceed to take charge of the base at the newly discovered lakes.
By that time the base at Enarotali comprised the District Officer and a doctor, a radio operator (both Indonesians), about twenty native police, 120 Papuan coolies, as well as twenty Javanese convicts and several christian missionaries.
Most of the Dutch east indies were invaded by the Japanese in early 1942, soon followed in April 1942 by Dutch New Guinea, thus isolating the post from the coast.
Enarotali still maintained contact with Merauke, the last remaining dutch stronghold in the Dutch East Indies, and with Australia thanks to liaison seaplanes landing on the Paniai lake.
Dutch and Australian governments considered evacuating the post, but De Bruijn was determined to stay there and fight the Japanese as well as gather intelligence, in what would be called Operation Oaktree.
It was agreed that he would be sent back to the highlands, with rifles and ammunition, but that no further help could be provided for the time being, since few planes were available.
When he came back to the highlands, he found out that with the absence of authority caused by his departure, the natives had been convinced by the Japanese to report directly to their headquarters in Fakfak, occupied since April 1942.
The following month, in December, the Japanese sent two destroyers along the coast south of Enarotali, landing 450 marines at Timoeka near Kaukenau, and started to construct an airfield and a base.
De bruijn raided the local police post at Oeta and disarmed the natives who had sided with the Japanese, then withdrew to the mountains.
Owing to the sheer numerical superiority of the Japanese, De Bruijn decided on limiting himself to carrying on intelligence work about Japanese troop movements.
At the end of May 1943, the Japanese, determined to occupy the lake regions in order to deny allied planes from landing on the Lake Paniai and catch De Bruijn, turned up at the lakes, only to realize that Enarotali had been burnt to the ground by de Bruijn and his men during their retreat to safety in the surrounding valleys.
While in the valleys, thanks to papuans who had worked for the Japanese, he was able to provide precious information to the Netherlands East Indies Forces Intelligence Service about Japanese forces stationed at Ambon, Seran, Nabire and Timika.
De Bruijn kept a low profile, gathering intelligence and using air drops supplies such as ammunition and rifles, training his men on how to shoot with rifle as well as calling airstrikes on Japanese positions at Enarotali.
During early 1944, he started reinforcing his band of native papuans with rifles and military training, setting up ambushes against Japanese forces in the region, killing dozens of them.
At the same time reports started coming in, saying that more and more Japanese troops were moving toward the mountains, fleeing from their strongholds on the northern coast at Hollandia and Sarmi, which had been invaded by the Americans.
They understood that they were facing the risk of getting sandwiched between Japanese troops retreating from the north and the contingent based to the west at Enarotali.
Even though the highland lakes region was of little strategic value military speaking, it allowed the gathering of precious information on Japanese positions in the region, which would prove useful during the Western New Guinea campaign.
Above all, it was essentially a symbolical victory, as de Bruijn was portrayed as the irreducible symbol of Dutch resistance in the Dutch East Indies by allied and dutch propaganda, waving the flag and maintaining the prestige of the Dutch among the inhabitants of the area, just as Hermann Detzner had done in German New Guinea 20 years before, and who was a source of inspiration for De Bruijn.
He was personally awarded the Netherlands Cross of Merit, the Netherlands Bronze Cross and the Order of Orange-Nassau by the Queen Wilhelmina.
Following his evacuation, he stayed for some time in an Australian hospital, being treated for malnutrition, and met his wife Geertje Botma there, also Dutch, who worked as a nurse.
Thereafter he went back to New Guinea, to resume his work as the District Officer of Biak Island, between 1946 and 1950.
Between 1952 and 1962, he worked in Hollandia, working as an administrative officer and the chief of the demographic bureau, also corresponding with Mary Rockefeller about the disappearance of her son near Agats in 1961, owing to his expertise on the people and the region.
In 1963, after the annexation of West Papua by Indonesia, he left the island to work as the head of the Urbanisation Research Information Centre of the South Pacific Commission in Noumea, French Caledonia.
Eventually in 1965, he came back to the Netherlands and became the head of the Central Office of the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam, until his retirement in 1972.
It is roughly triangular in shape and is about from east to west and from north to south, gradually rising and narrowing southwards, deeper into the continent.
These smaller lowland units are limited by residual ridges which break the generally flat relief, including the Kyundyulyun, Polousny Range, Ulakhan-Sis, Kondakov Plateau and Suor Uyata, as well as by isolated hills rising from the tundra, such as the Kisilyakh-Tas by the Alazeya.
To the north the East Siberian Lowland is bound by shallow marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea.
It includes the large New Siberian Islands and the smaller Medvezhy Islands, which form a continuum with the Eastern Siberian continental lowland region.
To the west, south and southwest the lowland is limited by the East Siberian Mountains, including the Verkhoyansk Range, the Chersky Range and their foothills, as well as by the Alazeya Plateau, and to the east by the western end of the ranges of the Anadyr and the Yukaghir Highlands.
The main ones are the Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma and their tributaries, as well as the smaller Alazeya, Sundrun and Khroma rivers.
Continuous permafrost is prevalent in the East Siberian Lowlands, and permafrost-related formations such as alas thermokarst depressions and baydzharakh mounds are common throughout the region.
these date back to the time when the area was occupied by the Verkhoyansk Sea, an ancient sea which took up most of the basin of the present-day Yana River and the upper reaches of the Indigirka in the Permian period.
The total reindeer population of the East Siberian Lowland, however, is small when compared with other areas, such as the Canadian Arctic.
In the summer the wetlands are home to large populations of migratory birds, including the Siberian crane, Brent goose, Bewick's swan and the spectacled eider.
Peter Still (February 22, 1801 – January 10, 1868) was a former slave who achieved some renown by securing his own freedom in 1850 and subsequently collecting enough money to purchase the freedom of his wife and three children in 1854.
Still was born a slave to parents Sidney and Levin on a plantation owned by Saunders Griffin on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
Peter and his eldest brother Levin Jr. were sold by their owner at ages eight and six respectively, shortly after their mother had fled for a second time.
It was there that Peter met and married Lavinia (Vina) Sisson, a household slave from a nearby plantation, on June 25, 1826.
Through a verbal arrangement with his last owners, Joseph and Isaac Friedman, Peter secured his manumission for $500 in April 1850.
Shortly thereafter, Peter arrived in Philadelphia, where he serendipitously met his youngest brother William Still, then serving as a clerk at the Anti-Slavery Office.
Through his own efforts, and those of his family, friends, and supporters, Peter was eventually reunited with his wife Vina and children Peter, Levin, and Catharine, in 1854.
Great Hill Place, also known as Colaparchee, in Monroe County, Georgia west of Bolingbroke, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
It is located about northwest of Macon, Georgia, one or two miles west of the small town of Bolingbroke, off of Georgia State Route 41.
It is about 1/2 mile off Georgia State Route 41, a short way from the intersection of Route 41 and Interstate 475.
Coordinates point to what appears to have been the dairy of the plantation complex, based on comparison of sketch map to Google satellite view.
The volcanic island Whakaari / White Island in New Zealand's northeastern Bay of Plenty region explosively erupted on 9 December 2019 at 14:11 NZDT (01:11 UTC).
Twenty-one people were killed, including two who are missing and declared dead, and a further twenty-six people suffered injuries, many of whom suffered severe burns.
The ongoing seismic and volcanic activity in the area as well as heavy rainfall, low visibility and toxic gases hampered recovery efforts over the week following the incident.
Experts identified the event as a phreatic eruption: a release of steam and volcanic gases that caused an explosion, launching rock and ash into the air.
Whakaari / White Island is an active andesite stratovolcano, situated off the north-northeast coast of the North Island of New Zealand in the Bay of Plenty.
On 24 November, two weeks prior to the eruption, a moment magnitude () 5.9 earthquake lasting approximately one minute with an epicentre located northeast of White Island occurred, and was felt by people throughout New Zealand as far south as Christchurch.
It was initially believed that there were about 100 tourists on or near to the island when the eruption took place; later, this figure was revised to 47 people who were on the island at the time.
A passenger on one of the boats stated that his vessel attempted to first outrun the ash cloud before many on the vessel noticed a crowd of people in need of help on the jetty.
Those who were brought onto the boat were aided by the original passengers who used water bottles, jackets, and other clothing, inhalers, and eye drops.
Another passenger told reporters that the boat he was on, which was about 200 metres offshore at the time of the eruption, launched an emergency inflatable and retrieved 23 people before returning to the mainland.
Noticing the eruption from the mainland shore, three commercial helicopter pilots conducted rescue missions to the island in their helicopters, bringing back twelve survivors.
The pilots reportedly attempted to return to the island to collect the bodies they had seen but were stopped by police; however, they were consulted later in order to collect the bodies once the area became more stable.
The forty-seven people on the island at the time of the eruption were identified as twenty-four Australians, nine Americans, five New Zealanders, four Germans, two Chinese, two Britons and one Malaysian.
A passenger on a rescue boat stated that many of the injured had severe burns as many of them had worn just T-shirts and shorts for the day.
At 18:35 on 9 December, media were told there was one confirmed fatality, with more likely to be dead as several were missing, while many were injured, seven critically.
It was stated that it was still too dangerous for the emergency services to get onto the island to rescue people as it is covered in ash and volcanic material.
Later the same day, officials declared that forty-seven people were on the island at the moment of the eruption: five were killed, 34 injured and rescued, while eight are missing and presumed dead.
On 14 December, it was announced that the death toll had risen to fifteen as another injured person died in hospital.
A day later, an Australian citizen who was repatriated died in hospital, bringing the death toll to sixteen, plus two victims whose bodies had not been recovered.
Another victim died from injuries in hospital, pushing the death toll to 19 including two missing people that are presumed dead.
Over the days following the initial eruption, the death toll steadily rose as bodies were recovered from the island and as several of the severely burnt victims succumbed to their injuries.
The fatalities were identified as thirteen Australian tourists, three Americans and two New Zealand men who worked as guides for White Island Tours.
Another victim, an American woman, succumbed to her injuries on 22 December, raising the confirmed death toll to 17 and the number of the American fatalities to four.
An Australian man and an American man died of their injuries in January 2020, while the two missing people are officialy declared as dead, bringing the death toll to twenty-one.
Due to the severe injuries sustained by those on the island, identification of the deceased was carried out by a variety of individuals including a pathologist, a forensic dentist, and a fingerprint officer.
This work was also aided by officers creating a profile on the victims, which included descriptions of appearance, clothing, photos, fingerprints, medical and dental records, and DNA samples.
On 10 December, the Ministry of Health announced that twenty-five people had been transferred to the country's four burns units in Auckland (Middlemore), Hamilton, Lower Hutt and Christchurch, all of which were at capacity.
On 11 December, it was reported that New Zealand had ordered of skin from the United States and Australia to treat patients following the eruption, some of whom have burns on up to 95% of their bodies.
Thirteen injured Australians were airlifted to Australia from the night of 11 December to receive treatment in hospitals in Sydney and Melbourne.
Three RAAF planes, a C-130J-30 Super Hercules and two C-17 Globemasters, flew to Christchurch with specialist aircrew and medical equipment on board.
Due to the eruption, those who were confirmed deceased by rescuers were left on the island in favour of those who were still living.
Without bodies to physically confirm the individuals' identities many were listed as missing instead of deceased until the body was formally recovered.
On 15 December authorities confirmed that the bodies of two victims had yet to be recovered and may have been swept into the sea.
Directly after the eruption, the volcanic alert level for the island was raised to 4, but was decreased by 16:30 on the same day to level 3.
Volcanic tremor increased in the aftermath of the eruption, with small scale gas jetting and steam bursts observed on 13 December, however, the volcanic tremor level dropped that evening.
All those injured and killed in the eruption, regardless of nationality, would be covered by ACC, New Zealand's no-fault accident compensation scheme.
The ACC act generally prevents claims for damages for negligence acts in New Zealand, but it may be possible for the cruise ship passengers to sue in American courts under United States maritime law.
New Zealand Police launched an investigation into the disaster, in conjunction with WorkSafe New Zealand (the country's workplace health and safety regulator).
The local member of Parliament; Anne Tolley stated that the town was shattered by the disaster and their thoughts were with the victims and their families but did not rule out that the tours would end due to the disaster occurring.
The 1974 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling State University as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season.
In its 32nd season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling compiled an 11–1 record (5–1 against conference opponents), tied for the SWAC championship, defeated in the Pelican Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 308 to 120.
The film stars Céline Bonnier as Annie, a woman who has just been released from prison after serving a 10-year sentence for killing her former partner, and is attempting to make amends and reconcile with her daughter Sophie (Juliette Gosselin) over the objections of Irène (Geneviève Bujold), Sophie's paternal grandmother who has been raising the girl since her son's death.
In preparation for the film, Chouinard and Bonnier met with a woman who had been incarcerated at the Joliette Institution for Women for murdering her husband.
Bonnier also won the award for Best Actress, and Chouinard and Proulx won for Best Screenplay, at the 2007 Brussels Independent Film Festival.
The 2020 Canadian Premier League season is the second season of the Canadian Premier League, the top level of Canadian soccer.
They are joined by an Ottawa expansion team who were created after the USL Championship side Ottawa Fury FC suspended operations.
Draftees will be invited to team preseason camps, with an opportunity to earn a developmental contract and retain their U Sports men's soccer eligibility.
Canadian Premier League teams may sign a maximum of seven international players, out of which only five can be in the starting line-up for each match.
Nicholson's charitable causes include cooking for fundraising dinners for Children of the Mountain, Action Against Hunger, The Felix Project, Street Smart, School Food Matters and The Calthorpe Project.
She represented Sri Lanka at the Mrs. World 2020 pageant held on 7 December 2019 at the grand finale held in Las Vegas, Nevada – USA.
It was written by linguists Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, and Oleg Mudrak, and was published in Leiden in 2003 by Brill Publishers.
The Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages contains 2800 etymologies, among which half were newly developed by the team over 10 years.
The authors attempt to explain Turko-Mongolian shared words through loanwords from the 13th century as well as Turkic and Mongolic languages having a common ancestor.
The dictionary views Altaic as extending to the 5th millenium B.C., and consisting of 3 groups - Turko-Mongolic, Mongol-Tungusic, and Korean-Japanese, using lexostatistical evidence to justify it.
The Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, although aimed at providing further proof for the existence of the Altaic language family, received criticism from other linguists.
It has been criticized for missing small details and requirements in its comparisons, and that the dictionary would have to need more evaluation by Stefan Georg, which Starostin responded to.
Nelson's research has been focused on metropolitan development policy and planning, applied demographic and economic analysis, fiscal impact assessment, public facility planning and finance, growth management/smart growth, urban development/redevelopment analysis and policy, real estate development policy, suburban and exurban development patterns, and economic development.
Nelson is a fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners, a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and a fellow of the Growth and Infrastructure Consortium.
While a consultant in planning and development along the West Coast, he continued his education at Portland State University, completing the Master of Urban Studies in Public Administration in 1976 and the Ph.D. in Urban Studies with concentrations in regional planning and regional science in 1984.
In 1985, he joined the University of New Orleans as assistant professor of urban and public affairs where, in 1986, he founded the Division of Urban Research and Policy Studies Research and was founding director of the university's undergraduate minor in urban studies and served as adjunct professor of social work at Southern University at New Orleans.
In 1987, Nelson joined the Georgia Institute of Technology as Associate Professor of City Planning and in 1988 became jointly appointed as Associate Professor of Public Policy.
In 1992, he was promoted to Full Professor in the College of Architecture and the Ivan College of Liberal Arts at Georgia Tech.
In 2002, as adjunct professor of law at Georgia State University, Nelson co-founded a dual planning and law degree program between the master of city and regional planning degree at Georgia Tech and the juris doctor (JD) degree at Georgia State University.
In 2002, Nelson left Georgia Tech to join the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as a Professor of Urban Affairs and Planning.
There he founded the Urban Affairs and Planning Program at the Alexandria Center and served as its director until 2006 when he became the Co-Director of Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech.
There he founded the Master of Real Estate Development program, the doctoral program in Metropolitan Planning, Policy and Design, and the Metropolitan Research Center.
In 2014, he became Presidential Professor Emeritus at the University of Utah and was appointed Professor of Urban Planning and Real Estate Development at the University of Arizona.
From 2014 to 2016, he was the Associate Dean of Research and Discovery for the College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture at Arizona.
In 2016 he was extended an additional appointment as Professor of Geography, Development and Environment in the School of Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Nelson is widely known for his work in several fields such as growth management/smart growth, suburban/exurban analysis, applied demographic and economic analysis to understand the future of metropolitan development patterns, and the theory and practice of development mitigation.
It explains growth management at the local, county, regional, and state levels, including an overall theory of growth management to mitigate externalities associated with underpriced infrastructure, conflicting land uses, and tax policies that subsidize urban sprawl.
While some have argued that exurbia exists because exurbanites have different housing and location preferences than suburbanites, Nelson's research has shown that exurbia is nothing more than the suburbanization of the suburbs.
With James C. Nicholas and Julian Conrad Juergensmeyer, Nelson has advanced the application of proportionate share impact fees to mitigate the adverse effects of development on public facilities.
One of his key findings is that by the middle 2000s there were already more homes on large suburban lots than the market may need by the middle 2020s.
According to Ellen Dunham-Jones, Nelson shows that for most metropolitan areas, perhaps all new development needs can be met on existing parking lots and existing low density/intensity developed sites.
The mountain is situated west of Haines Junction, south of Mount Decoeli, and east-southeast of Mount Cairnes, which is the nearest higher peak.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Archibald is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The annual average temperature in the neighborhood is -6 ° C. The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 8 °C, and the coldest is December when temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
The 1975 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling State University as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1975 NCAA Division II football season.
In its 33rd season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling compiled a 10–2 record (4–2 against conference opponents), tied for the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 324 to 153.
Key players included sophomore quarterback Doug Williams, receivers Dwight Scales, Carlos Pennywell, and Sammie White, and running backs Fallon Bush and Cliff Martin.
Grambling inadvertently double-scheduled games on October 4 against and Oregon State and opted to play Oregon State, leaving Prairie View idle.
Grambling told Prairie View of the scheduling problem in the spring and tried to reschedule the game with Prairie View for November 22, but the negotiations fell through.
On November 26, the Southwestern Athletic Conference assessed a loss against Grambling's conference record, declaring the October 4 game against Prairie View to be a forfeit.
She was picked by Republican Party precinct committee members in the 113th District to succeed her husband, Bob Bethell, who died on May 20 in a car accident.
Representative Bethell was not appointed to any committees during her tenure in the House of Representatives and attended only one House session during her term, the final session of the 2012 legislative session, which handled primarily ceremonial business.
Kélian Nsona Wa Saka (born 11 May 2002) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for the club Stade Malherbe Caen in the French Ligue 2.
The NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southwest Series was a Late Model racing league operating since 1985, originally with NASCAR sanction as the NASCAR Featherlite Southwest Tour , and before being sanctioned by a group of West Coast racers under the premises of the Stockcar Racing League.
The cars feature a perimeter frame chassis where rails of equal lengths must kick out, compared to the more modern offset chassis where one side is straight and one side kicks out.
When NASCAR eliminated the Elite Division at the end of the 2006 season, former IRL driver Davey Hamilton's SRL Wild West Shootout sanctioning body gave the former NASCAR Southwest Tour teams in the Southwest a series to race.
The film stars Charlotte Aubin as Mathilde, a young woman returning home to visit her family for the first time since running away from home several years earlier.
The cast also includes Judith Baribeau as her mother Françoise, Luc Picard as her father Pierre, and Théodore Pellerin as her brother Émile.
The film premiered at the Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma in 2018, and was broadcast on television by Ici Radio-Canada Télé in April 2019.
Denis Lalanne (1 April 1926 – 7 December 2019) was a French sports journalist who specialized in tennis, rugby union, and golf.
In the later half of the decade, Stong became the first coach to use vocal music in an ice dancing routine, which caused it to be banned the next year.
She later coached Tracy Wilson and Robert McCall during their three World Figure Skating Championships bronze medal run and three Canadian Figure Skating Championships.
Stong designed the costumes used by Jamie Salé and David Pelletier in the 2001 World Figure Skating Championships and 2002 Winter Olympics.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO databases, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, ProQuest databases, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index.
In 1962 he graduated Bulgarian Philology at Sofia University and for 46 years taught in it, as well as at other Bulgarian universities, the subjects of Old Bulgarian language and history in Bulgarian.
His scientific contributions are in a wide historical-linguistic spectrum: in the fields of Cyril and Methodius, paleoslavistics, textology, indo-European studies, paleography, epigraphy, ethnoculturology, folklore, lexicology, hymnography, historical phonetics, historical phonetics theoretical plan, the historical development of the Bulgarian language on the common Slavic background.
She received both primary and secondary education in Fountain School located at Surulere in Lagos State where she obtained her first school leaving certificate & WAEC certificate respectively.
Young began her career as a journalist then delved into entertainment and became an entertainer on the Charly Boy Show which was a reality show about Charly Boy.
A novelty football match was organized at the National Stadium in Surulere, Lagos state in other to celebrate her silver jubilee in Nollywood.
32 teams entered the Europe Zone in total, with 11 teams competing in the Africa Zone for 2 places in the Europe Zone main draws, joining an additional 21 teams.
Switzerland defeated the Soviet Union in the Zone A final, and Denmark defeated Austria in the Zone B final, resulting in both Switzerland and Denmark being promoted to the 1988 World Group.
Henry Keney Pomroy (August 14, 1854 – December 22, 1925) was an American financier who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
He was the eldest child of Daniel Pomroy of Coventry, Connecticut and his wife, Fanny Belden, of Simsbury, a descendant of Horace Belden.
After his father died when he was just twelve years old, his mother, brother and sisters moved to Stamford, Connecticut before Henry attended boarding school at Mount Carmel and in Ossining, New York before studying at the Columbia School of Mines for one year.
After spending some time in Europe with his family, in 1875 he joined his uncle, A. Hamilton Pomroy, a dealer in commercial paper.
He was vice president for three terms, from May 1901 to May 1904, followed by three terms as President from 1904 to 1907.
At the time of his death, Pomroy was a special partner with the firm of J. W. Davis & Co., and previously was a partner with his brother Arthur in a firm known as Pomroy Brothers.
The Pomroy's had a home known as Duneside near Georgica Pond in Wainscott, a hamlet in the southwest corner of Easthampton, New York.
His estate was valued at $2,310,178, of which $2,183,422 was bequeathed to his sister, Mrs. Josephine Belden (née Pomroy) Hendrick, and $15,000 in cash to his brother, A. Arthur Pomroy.
Appointed Principal of Hart Hall, Oxford in 1710, he refounded Hart Hall as Hertford College, his statutes being accepted in 1739 and the charter granted in 1740, and remained Principal of Hertford College until his death in 1753.
He was educated at Westminster School, being admitted in 1690, and at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating on 16 June 1694, graduating B.A.
Despite a complaint in 1743 that he had not been resident in Sudborough for more than twenty years, he did not vacate the living until 1748.
On the recommendation of Henry Aldrich, Dean of Christ Church, Newton was appointed Principal of Hart Hall, installed on 28 July 1710.
He was also tutor to Lord Pelham's two sons, Thomas (the future Duke of Newcastle) and Henry Pelham, both future Prime Ministers.
Henry Pelham is said to have maintained an affection for both his college and his tutor, though he did not use his influence to their advantage.
Another of Newton's students at Hertford was George Augustus Selwyn, the politician and wit, who was rusticated in 1745 (he unregistered to avoid expulsion) for an irreverent joke that was deemed insulting to Christianity.
He desired that it should be established as a college, and that poor students should be trained in it for the ministry on very moderate terms of payment.
Newton built, at a cost of nearly £1,500, one-fourth part of a large quadrangle, consisting of a chapel, consecrated by John Potter, then Bishop of Oxford, on 25 November 1716, and an angle, containing fifteen single rooms; purchased the adjoining property at a cost of £160 more, and endowed the new institution with an annuity of £53 6s.
The other buildings, which were intended to comprise a library, hall, principal's lodgings, and further rooms for the students, were never erected, mainly through his disappointment in his expectations of assistance from the wealthy among his former pupils, and especially from the Pelhams.
Hart Hall had long paid a small quit-rent to Exeter College, and some of the college fellows, led by John Conybeare (Rector of Exeter College from 1730, then Dean of Christ Church from 1733), opposed its incorporation.
The Attorney General advised against the claim of Exeter College, the proposed rules and statutes were confirmed by King George II on 3 November 1739, the charter was granted on 27 August 1740, and Newton became the first principal of Hertford College.
Newton's statutes for Hertford College were strict, and aimed at economy and efficiency of supervision over the undergraduates by the tutors.
He believed in disputations, and insisted on English composition, but not on poetry, except in the case of the pupils ‘having a genius’ for it.
There are frequent sneers in the ‘Terræ Filius’ of Nicholas Amhurst and the pamphlets of the period at his economical system of living.
Newton married firstly Catherine, daughter of Andrew Adams of Welton, Northamptonshire, by whom he had one daughter, Jane, who married the Rev.
He married secondly Mary, daughter of Sir Willoughby Hickman of Gainsborough, by Ann, daughter of Sir Stephen Anderson, and by her had no issue.
The mines in northern Coquimbo Region within a larger mining district known as the Chilean Iron Belt, and the deposit is geologically an iron oxide-apatite deposit.
While the mine presents good geological aspects for 19th century mining geographical aspects made access difficult despite being close to the Pacific coast.
Compañía de Acero del Pacífico obtained the ownership of the mine in the early 1970s when it was nationalized during the Presidency of Salvador Allende.
Theo Willem Jan Marie Janssen (August 13, 1936 – September 29, 2017) was a Dutch physicist and Full Professor of Theoretical Physics in Radboud University Nijmegen.
He finished his PhD thesis, Crystallographic Groups in Space and Time, in 1968, thereby providing the theoretical basis of what would become the superspace approach.
Together with Aloysio Janner he was one of the founders of the higher dimensional superspace approach in crystal structure analysis for the description of quasiperiodic crystals and modulated structures.
For this work he received in 1998 the Gregori Aminoff Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science (with P.M. de Wolff and A.G.M.
Janner) and in 2014 the The Ewald prize of the International Union of Crystallography (with Janner) (2014), the most prestigious prizes in crystallography.
The Apostolic Nunciature to the Republic of the Congo is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in the Republic of the Congo.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Samira Rafaela is a Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 political party who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
Rafaela became a Member of the European Parliament in the 2019 elections, making her the first Dutch with Afro-Caribbean roots in this office.
In addition to her committee assignments, Rafaela is part of the Parliament’s delegations to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly (EuroLat) and to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee.
This list does not include Walisongo descendants (who originally surnamed Azmatkhan) who have assimilated perfectly with the local residents, such as the descendants of the Sultan of Banten (who have the first names Tubagus and Ratu), Cirebon, and Palembang.
Furthermore, Walisongo descendants who have verified their lineage up to Ahmad al-Muhajir, through Sayyid Jumadil Kubra (Walisongo's ancestor), will still be included.
This list also includes descendants of Jafar Sadek, an Arab who spread Islam in the Maluku Islands in the 13th century, who became sultans in several kingdoms in Maluku such as Ternate and Tidore.
And descendants of Abdullah ibn Shaykh al-Aydarus, great-grandfather of Tun Habib Abdul Majid, who was the ancestor of Bendahara dynasty and sultans in Johor and Lingga.
The figures who can be verified their Arabic identity with their last name (surname or Arab clans, see ) and first name (honorific title name, such as Sayyid or Sayid, Syarif or Syarifah, Sidi, and ) will not be given a footnote.
Since the 1975 Army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for stars in the 88 modern constellationss.
On 15 November 2000 the regiment entered the Air Cavalry Grouping, which on 1 March 2006 became the Army Aviation Brigade.
Caroline Nagtegaal is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2017.
In addition to her committee assignments, Nagtegaal is part of the Parliament’s delegations for relations with Mercosur and to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly (EuroLat).
In 2012, she obtained a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Amsterdam, before going on to Leiden University, where she obtained a Master of Laws in 2015.
Schreinemacher was elected to the European Parliament in the 2019 European Parliament election, as Member of the European Parliament for the Netherlands.
She is a member of the Committee on International Trade (INTA), Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI), and the Delegation for Relations with the United States (D-US).
She is also a substitute on the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) and the Delegation on Relations with Japan (D-JP).
Perdida is the eighth studio album by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots, to be released on February 7, 2020 through Rhino.
President Barack Obama nominated Wellner on July 11, 2013, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
On April 30, 2015, President Barack Obama renominated Wellner to the same court to the seat vacated by A. Franklin Burgess.
Tom Berendsen is a Dutch politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Christian Democratic Appeal political party.
She is the youngest member of the Kansas Legislature and during the 2019-2020 session serves as vice chairman of the House General Government Budget Committee and as a deputy majority whip.
It is named after the 5th duke of St Albans who moved to Hampton In 1796, living in St Albans Lodge (previously called St Albans Bank).
The sundial was commissioned by the widow of Gerald George 'Gerry' Braban (1931–1993), who lobbied for and co-funded the 1990s built bridge to Tagg's Island.
These go to area such as: Hampton Court, Hampton Court Gardens, Hampton Wick, Kingston upon Thames, Sunbury, Staines, Hampton Hill, Teddington, Kew, Hampton, Hounslow, Hanworth and Heathrow Airport.
He served as the head football coach at both Atlanta University and Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia, which later merged to form Clark Atlanta University.
After assisting head football coach Tubby Johnson at Fisk University in 1929, Aiken was hired at the athletic director at Clark in 1930 to succeed Sam B. Taylor.
When it comes to symbolism in archaeology, artifacts found may display iconography with these abstract symbols or tell us more about the people who made them through their construction.
Symbolism is not limited to only inanimate objects but can be found in the actions or being of living things as well.
The Philippines, comprising more than 7,000 islands, is an archipelago where symbols of the past and present contribute to its unique culture.
These symbols are influenced by and noticeable in burial practices, rituals, social status, architecture, agriculture, and The Philippines' place in the Austronesian world.
For archaeologists, burials of all types can give more information about how the deceased was living causing them to be important when looking at a culture.
Wilhelm Solheim, an American anthropologist has stated that burial jars can tell an archaeologist three things in particular: the relation of groups due to the jar’s design as well as the way they were positioned and the items that are associated with these burials.
Jar burials are a neolithic feature that included different sizing that denotes primary or secondary burial type and can be found in open spaces and caves alike.
The Manunggul Jar is a type of secondary burial meaning that the body had been moved after an initial burial which can be ceremonial.
The scrolls that adorn the upper section of this pottery are made of hematite and resemble the waves that these early Filipinos would have been sailing on.
The very top of the jar's lid is decorated with two figures in a boat sailing into the afterlife with one in the back end of the boat rowing and the other with its arms crossed looking out into the distance.
The significance of the figure with its arms crossed is that this representative of arm arrangement in primary burials in the Philippines.
Mausoleums require regular maintenance and therefore are only affordable to wealthier individuals such as businessmen, merchants, political officials, and other elites.
Therefore, it is uncommon for mausoleums to be decorated with imagery of religious affiliations, family names, and other symbols that depict cultural identity.
On the contrary, lower-class individuals unable to pay for a burial site end up being placed aside in bags along with others who are also unable to.
Ritual practices in the Philippines contain a kind of symbolic meaning that is passed down through generations through continuous participation which can include inanimate objects to represent a higher power or be caused by an event in their daily lives.
Rituals such as those that take place in Ifugao transpire underneath homes or in granaries year-round for reasons such as marriage, prestige feasting, or death.
The number of animals that were sacrificed during these rituals was a symbol of wealth and power in these communities as just to have these animals was a large expense, thus making a household's ability to sacrifice more than one for any ritual during the year to be a clear sign of significant wealth and social status.
The reason that these rituals occur is based on the perceived benefits that come with these events such as a good harvest, good health, hunting success, and overall protection from negative forces.
Pigs are one of the most common animal to be used for animal rituals, usually in celebration of the conclusion of a good year or of a good seasonal harvest.
Animal rituals are only able to be sponsored by rice producers, therefore, characterizing the group of Filipinos able to harvest wet-rice as the wealthy social class.
The number of pigs, or animals, used in a feast is directly indicative of the power and helps the sponsor gain prestige.
Three examples in which animal rituals are a symbol of closure or initiation of a new micro-era are: Fiestas, Media Noche, and Noche Buena.
Fiestas, the more common example, are thrown for the conclusion of a good season or at the start a new project.
Noche Buena, has a religious symbol attached to it because the animal ritual occurs in Celebration of the birth of Jesus on the night of December 24th.
There are rules to animal rituals, a noteworthy rule symbolizing purity stem from the commonly accepted condition that wild animals are considered inappropriate to sacrifice.
There is archeological evidence of agricultural symbols because there is a larger amount of pig skeletal remains dating to after the arrival of the Spanish to the Philippines.
Also, there was a flip in the correlation of low-land wet-rice grounds to the Ifugao rice terraces supported by the proper dating of such terraces by an estimate, product of the Bayesian method.
In other words, since the arrival of the Spanish, association of lack of wealth with the highland taro and potato fields, switched to an association of wealth with the rice terraces formed in the highlands to create distance between the Spanish and the Ifugao wet-rice elite.
Colonialism influenced agriculture through the economy and social prestige, but there are still living religious traditions of colonialism in present day Philippines.
The Peñafrancia Festival in the Naga City, Bicol, Philippines, is a fiesta carried out every year in September, where mostly men participate in an attempt at physically touching the wooden religious figure of Our Lady of Peñafrancia (the Virgin Mary) for good luck and health.
There is an adopted symbolism of athleticism and strength attributed to men that stemmed from the Spanish culture, because the mission to come in physical contact with the wooden religious figure is one in which men crowd surf and work with each other.
Gendered fiestas and patrilineal traditions in the Philippines did not dominate in pre-Spanish contact Philippines because wet-rice lands had previously been inherited through the use of bilateral con-sanguine kinship system.
Despite the usual use of an inanimate object to represent an idea, a person's skin color was a symbol of your social status and directly correlated with wealth; due to the caste system implemented by Spanish Colonialism.
Mid 20th century the American anthropologist Henry Otley Beyer, during his assignment to the Philippines, produced the Beyer's Waves of Migration Theory.
The Austronesian world extends from Madagascar on the West to Polynesia in the East, then Taiwan and Micronesia to the North.
This geographical location is joined by the theory that a proto-language existed and unified all of these countries and territories not attatched to any mainland continent.
Across the Austronesian world, and mostly to the west of the Philippines, tattoos were a common for of incorporating symbolism to solidify a cultural, traditional, or religious belief.
Most tribes used a form of needle or heated piece of iron, but the Isneg of Apayao has a unique instrument called the Igihisi.
Despte the fact that Lapita (red Slip) pottery does not stem from Kalanay cpottery, they share similar form and elements of design.
Ornaments found between the Neolithic and Metal Age regardless of whether they were locally or non-locally produced point to advancements in technologies and cultures.
Although jade ornaments found from the Neolithic period are not local resources from the Philippines, discovery of jade ornaments in Tabon Caves suggests development of culture and technology since it implies early trade with China and Taiwan.
Aside from trading relationships being formed, early Filipinos learned to produce similar ornaments made out of jade using metal-drill techniques leading to cultural advancements.
Due to jade being an exported good and less accessible, it was considered a prestigious good and therefore associated with high-status and considered a symbol of the wearer's beauty.
While shell ornaments are abundant in Tabon Caves, they were considered less valuable in comparison to exotic goods because of their local availability.
In both cases they highlight the importance of wealth and power in maintaining hierarchies that give chiefdoms and government the ability to control communities.
Wealth and higher social status in chiefdoms can be achieved through the ability to host massive feasts for the community with prestigious foods, such as meats.
The community would offer prestigious items to chiefdoms as a form of ritual and therefore prestige came from having the most valuable resources to oneself.
As such, there was a link to a prestige goods economy where chiefdoms could control who has access to certain resources.
These types of trading systems can be traced back to past forest hunter-gatherer relationships with coastal people that also predate colonial influences.
Manila was established as the capital of the Philippines under colonial government rule and was meant to symbolize a set towards modernization.
With modernization of the Philippines arose idea of capitals being a symbol of progress and the way other cities should be.
There are also attempts to propose an image of national identity and unity based on the buildings and monuments that are erected in public spaces.
However, there lacks mention of the ways in which government exerts their power and control by dictating where and how people live.
As a result, capitals such as Manila are heavily influenced by colonial ideologies and continue to affect the way Philippine communities live and the narratives about their past.
Robert Roos is a Dutch politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Forum for Democracy political party.
Rob Rooken is a Dutch politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Forum for Democracy political party.
Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Ukrainian.
Lara Wolters is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
Wolters became a Member of the European Parliament when she replaced Frans Timmermans who decided not to take his parliamentary seat following the 2019 European elections.
Written and illustrated by Tony Cliff, Delilah Dirk started as a webcomic, and now consists of three full graphic novels and one shorter story.
Cliff has also cited Horatio Hornblower and the Sharpe series, as well as the histories of the Elgin Marbles and the Venus de Milo as inspirations.
He has also stated that part of the inspiration for the series was to contrast with the humorless depiction of women in late '90s superhero comics.
Dirk needs to obtain a signature from a corrupt chieftain of a small Greek town, but her plan unravels due to the greedy manipulations of a local merchant.
An English print book, which added around a dozen pages to the web version and edited some of its text, was published by First Second Books in 2013.
It was also nominated for an Eisner Award for Best Digital Comic in 2012 and has also received Shuster and Harvey nominations.
Kaleb Wesson (born July 29, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference.
He had seven points and four rebounds as the Wildcats beat Lima Senior High School 57-55 to claim the state title.
As a senior, Wesson averaged 22.4 points and 10.9 rebounds per game and shot 67 percent from the floor on a team that finished 19-6.
He missed three games and returned in time for a Big Ten Tournament matchup with Indiana, finishing with 17 points, 13 rebounds, three assists, three blocks and two steals in the 79-75 victory.
As a sophomore, Wesson averaged 14.6 points, 6.9 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game, shooting 50 percent from the floor and 34 percent from three-point range.
After scoring 10 points and grabbing 11 rebounds in a 76-51 victory over Villanova, Wesson was named Big Ten player of the week on November 18.
He had 28 points and 10 rebounds in a 106-74 rout of Penn State, helping the Buckeyes notch 100 points against a Big Ten rival for the first time since 1991.
Hertrampf began studying music at the Musikschule Friedrichshain and in 1968 joined the groups Gruppen Teisco-Quartett, Die Collins and the Uve Schikora Combo.
After graduating from music school in 1969, he returned to the Puhdys, where he was lead guitarist and one of the singers until the band disbanded in 2016.
His credits include work with artists such as Neiked, Sandro Cavazza, Zara Larsson, Miriam Bryant, The Sounds, Undressd, Liamoo, Rikard Wolff, Rudimental (Neiked Remix), Ace Wilder, Martin Stenmarck, Krezip, Titiyo and Anton Hagman among others.
Adel first gained experience as an audio engineer in the studios of Per Gessles (of Roxette) music publishing and production label , where he first started as an A&R and then transitioned into working mainly in the in-house studios as an engineer and producer.
The album reached multi-platinum sales and also earned the band a Grammy award for best newcomer of the year in the Swedish Grammys 2003.
The Benin-Burkina Faso border is 386 km (240 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Togo in the southwest to the tripoint with Niger in the northeast.
The border starts at the Togolese tripoint, then proceeds briefly overland in a north-western direction, before reaching the Pendjari River, which it then follows for some distance.
In 1851 a treaty of friendship was signed between France and the Kingdom of Dahomey in what is now southern Benin, followed by the creation of a protectorate in Porto Novo in 1863.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa; the process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
France began occupying the area of modern Mali (then often referred to as French Sudan) and Burkina Faso (then called Upper Volta) during the 1880s-90s.
This region was organised as Upper Senegal and Niger; various French decrees delimited a border between this colony and Dahomey during the period 1901-14.
The colony of Upper Volta (modern Burkina Faso) was constituted in March 1919; the colony was abolished in 1932 and its territory divided between what Niger and Ivory Coast, but it was then reconstituted within its previous borders in 1947.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for its African territories, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Dahomey declared full independence on 1 August 1960, followed shortly thereafter by Upper Volta on 5 August, and their mutual frontier became an international boundary between two sovereign states.
Parts of the border remained contested on the ground, with several incidents in the disputed areas of Koalou and Niorgou sparking tension in the 2000s.
As a result, the two countries signed an agreement in May 2009 which created a small neutral zone in the area, pending a final decision on the matter by the International Court of Justice.
In recent years the boundary region had been affected by the ongoing Islamist insurgency in the Sahel, predominantly on the Burkinabe side of the border.
The Sikh Gurdwara of Eugene, also known as Guru Ram Das Gurdwara, got its start in 1970, when Yogi Bhajan sent Sat Kirpal Singh to found the first ashram community in Eugene, Oregon.
After the events of 11 September 2001, Sangat members Siri Kaur and Snatam Kaur started the Interfaith Prayer Service International, a religious non-profit group.
The Sikh and Yoga West, a part of the gurdwara, now leads and hosts a breakfast for the homeless that feeds 300+ homeless folks on Sunday morning six times a year.
This is a list of the 21 Members of the European Parliament for Hungary elected at the 2019 European Parliament election.
Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States, Deputy Chief of Mission and Charge d’Affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Lima, Peru, Foreign Policy Advisor to a four-star member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Deputy Chief of Mission and Charge d’Affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Asuncion, Paraguay as well as a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs.
He began his government service in 1986, as a Presidential Management Fellow in the State Department’s Office of Policy Planning and Coordination in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
On August 16, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Fitzpatrick to be the next United States Ambassador to Ecuador.
In 2017 she was awarded the Jonathan B. Postel Service Award and inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame in 2019.
Her years in graduate school occurred during the period in which the federal government of the United States relaxed control over the Internet.
The Internet became a more commercial entity interconnecting a rapidly-increasing number of networks, hosts and users, and as the World Wide Web expanded, the nature of the traffic on the Internet changed.
In 1996 Claffy founded the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA) in the supercomputing centre at the University of California, San Diego.
In 2019, Claffy was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame for her groundbreaking work in the field of internet measurement and analysis.
She was awarded an National Science Foundation Convergence Accelerator planning grant to evaluate the feasibility of creating an open knowledge network on the properties of the Internet identifier system.
Folkner Branch rises in a pond on the Rocky Ford and Lick Branch divide about 3 miles west of Green Level, North Carolina.
Folkner Branch drains of area, receives about 47.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 508.03, and has an average water temperature of 15.35°C.
Another stained glass window in the south wall of the gallery depicting the battle of Jesus in Gethsemane dates back to 1928, and was created by E. Kristiansen.
There are two church bells from Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry from 1978 as well as a carillon with 12 bells in the separate bell tower.
Michał Węsławski (September 17, 1849 in Giegrany – August 22, 1917 in Vilnius) - Polish lawyer, mayor (president) of Vilnius in years 1905-1916 and deputy to 2nd Duma.
From 1888, he became involved with his younger brother Witold (father of Stanisław Węsławski, later an underground mayor of Vilnius during World War II) in creating the structures of secret Polish education.
Until the outbreak of World War I, he managed to start the construction of water supply and sewage systems, which was continued in the interwar period.
In 1906 he was elected as a member of the Second State Duma where he was the President of the Circle of Lithuania and Ruthenia.
A field of fifteen competed in the inaugural edition won by Meco, a colt owned and trained by South Carolina native Thomas Puryear.
With the implementation of the Graded Stakes system in 1973, for that first year and again in 1974 the Juvenile Stakes was given Grade 3 status.
The 1886 running of the Juvenile Stakes was won by Tremont who would finish the year, and career, the undefeated winner of all his thirteen starts.
In 1919, the filly Bonnie Mary won the Juvenile in which she beat twelve male and three female competitors including the very good runner-up On Watch, a colt owned by George W. Loft and trained by U.S.
Following a win in his career debut at Florida's Hialeah Park, on May 4, 1963 Raise a Native made his second start at New York's Aqueduct Racetrack.
The colt, owned by Louis Wolfson and trained by Burley Parke, was ridden by future Hall of Fame jockey Bobby Ussery in an Allowance race for two-year-olds.
Four winners of the Juvenile Stakes went on to earn American Horse of the Year honors as well as a place in the U.S.
He is current Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Kalyan West Vidhan Sabha constituency as a member of the Shiv Sena.
Joana Bolling (born 6 April 1995) is an Argentine handball player who plays as a left wing for Spanish club BM Aula Cultural and the Argentina women's national team.
In 2016, she donated one of her kidneys to her father, former basketball player Elnes Bolling, who is originally from the United States Virgin Islands and has developed most of his playing career in Argentina.
5 Hertford Street (5HS) is a private members' club in Mayfair, London which was described in 2017 as London's most secretive club.
The club is known to have been frequented by figures including Harry Styles, Margot Robbie, Mick Jagger, Lupita Nyong'o, George and Amal Clooney, Leonardo DiCaprio, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Princess Eugenie of York.
In May 2019, protesters gathered outside the club after it announced that it was outsourcing management of its kitchen porters to a private company, putting staff at risk of reduced pay.
Fanfani was elected at the 2001 Italian general election, serving as member of the Chamber of Deputies for the XIV Legislature.
Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight are a group of fungal diseases in plants, that have a variety of hosts.
When certain crops such as cauliflower and broccoli are infected, the heads deteriorate and there is a complete loss of marketability.
Germination occurs most quickly at temperatures between 21 and 28 C. The presence of moisture as water or a high relative humidity (at least 95%) is required for germination.
After germination, the pathogen begins to infect the host via penetration of the leaf surface using an appressorium and infection peg.
Both of these survival structures develop best at low temperature (3 C) and they have been found to be resistant to desiccation and freezing.
If there are no pathogens present, they cannot produce microsclerotia and chlamydospores that would eventually be input into the surrounding area via plant debris, reducing chances of future infection.
It is also recommended to irrigate in the morning when leaves can dry quickly, and to orient rows according to the wind.
Application of straw mulch can reduce disease incidence by acting as a barrier against soil-borne inoculum, disrupting dispersal of conidia from conidiophores developed from microsclerotia and chlamydospores.
Maintaining control of cruciferous weeds is another important management practice, as this removes potential hosts for the pathogen that can aid in the spread of the disease.
The 2019-20 Quinnipiac Bobcats Men's ice hockey season was the 44th season of play for the program and the 15th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
Its proponents claim the use of activated charcoal on a regular basis will detoxify and cleanse the body as well as boost one's energy and brighten the skin.
Charcoal, when ingested, will adsorb vitamins and nutrients as well as prescription medications present in the gastrointestinal tract which can make it dangerous to use unless directed by a medical doctor.
Activated charcoal, also known as activated carbon is commonly produced from high carbon source materials such as wood or coconut husk.
It is made by treating the source material with either a combination of heat and pressure, or with a strong acid or base followed by carbonization to make it highly porous.
It has a large number of industrial uses including methane and hydrogen storage, air purification, decaffeination, gold purification, metal extraction, water purification, medicine, sewage treatment and air filters in gas masks and respirators.
Once these have been absorbed by the body the charcoal will no longer be able to adsorb them so early intervention is desirable.
Charcoal is not an effective treatment for alcohol, metals or elemental poisons such as lithium or arsenic as it will only adsorb certain chemicals and molecules.
It is usually administered by a nasogastric tube into the stomach as the thick slurry required for maximum adsorption is very difficult to swallow.
Since then, it has become a popular additive to many different types of foods and drinks including juices, lemonades, coffee, pastries, ice cream, burgers, pizzas and pet food.
The City of New York has banned activated charcoal in food products unless approval for their use is granted from the FDA.
Activated charcoal, excluding products designed for emergency medical interventions, is available in many pharmacies, wellness and health food stores in tablet, capsule and powder forms.
Proponents of charcoal detoxes claim that it will cleanse the body by aiding in the removal of excess toxins that the body is unable to get rid of by itself.
Other claims made include that the use of activated charcoal provides anti-ageing benefits, will increase your energy, brighten your skin, decrease wind and bloating and aid weight loss.
Charcoal is also used as an alternative to whitening products in toothpastes but was found to not be as effective in whitening the teeth as regular products such as hydrogen peroxide.
With 147 sworn law enforcement officers it is the sixth largest police department within Pennsylvania behind forces in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie and Harrisburg.
It was founded in 1956 at the initiative of Captain Hernando Pote Gutiérrez, who had withdrawn from the company Avianca due to disagreements with the head of the company, Martín del Corral.
Captain Gutierrez wanted to create a passenger company and compete with Avianca by acquiring the first aircraft, two DC-3 for passenger transports, HK-166 and HK-766, belonging to a company called Tacata.
The first and only regular route that Arca managed to operate was Bogotá-Cúcuta for a value of 42 pesos per ticket.
Under pressure from Avianca, Lloyd and Taxader, the Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics (SAUCA) cancelled Arca's passenger routes in the 1960s; Then, it had no choice but to operate only cargo from La Vanguardia Airport.
At the beginning of the 1970s, some of the DC-3s were sold to Aerosucre, Laos and Alianza, all of them cargo operators at the La Vanguardia Airport, while the permit to start operating the route was processed before the SAUCA Charge to Miami.
In 1973, SAUCA authorized Arca the cargo operation to Miami International Airport from Bogotá, this was done on an intermediate scale in Barranquilla in the newly acquired Douglas DC-6B, HK-1332.
Arca was part of the Big Four airlines of Colombia at that time and was highly considered among other airlines, at that point in the mid-70s it was the peak of its success.
In 1975, Arca entered the jet era by leasing a Boeing 707-120F, HK-1773, with a wide cargo door to transport flowers and perishable products between Bogotá and Miami, mainly, a route that had been approved by the SAUCA.
This rare Boeing 707 belonged to the Swiss cargo company Phoenix, which retained some emblems during its short operation in Arca.
In 1977 the company achieved sufficient financial capacity to acquire its first Douglas DC-8-43 registered as HK-1854, through Alitalia, to increase cargo operations between Bogotá and Miami.
This would be the first DC-8 operated in Colombia; In addition, he introduced the new image of the following Arca aircraft, preserving the colors of the Italian airline.
Other cities were included in cargo operations from Miami, such as Cali, Cartagena, Medellín, Barranquilla, San Andrés and Bucaramanga, when there was demand.
Thanks to the acquisition of these new DC-8, with more load capacity, the kind of cargo brought from Miami began to vary.
By the beginning of 1982, the second Douglas DC-8-50F arrived with a wide cargo door, HK-2667-X, previously operated by Japan Airlines, which is why it was known among Arca's crew as Japanese.
The itinerary of the Arca flights with flowers and other perishable items, at that time, was scheduled to leave Bogotá at dawn to arrive in Miami very early in the morning.
In mid-1982, Douglas DC-8 HK-2587-X suffered an accident arriving at Cali from Miami, leaving the runway due to a hydraulic failure and loss of nosewheel steering, a factor aggravated by the wet runway.
In the early eighties, the arrival from Miami at Olaya Herrera Airport, Medellín was sometimes considered a feat of the pilots.
Sometimes, after landing, the aircraft's tires deflated on the platform because of a safety valve that overheated due to the intensive braking that was needed to stop the aircraft.
Which definitely slowed down all flights at Olaya Herrera Airport and made the mechanics jobs much easier if no flights are going out.
During the 1980s, Arca initiated operating agreements with the cargo airline, Ecuador Andes, thus the Douglas DC-8 HK-2667X was transferred to it, and shared flights were initiated to the Quito International Airport from Miami and Colombia.
His representative, Luis Baldión, said at the public hearing that the request was presented that the entity supported the initiative that tends to make tourism an industry.
Dozens of Colombians in Miami joined their voice to call to break the monopoly and lower air fares between the United States and Colombia.
In the Colombia la Grande radio program, broadcast by WRHC Cadena Azul, calls were received from the public to support Arca, who also sent his signatures of support to the head of the SAUCA at that time, José Joaquín Palacio Campuzano.. Days after studying the petition, the SAUCA denied Arca the approval of these routes.
The decision adopted was based on the recommendation of the Higher Aeronautical Council, which considered it inconvenient for the company, to operate cargo, to move passengers, in particular on the most important routes for the country.
After knowing the refusal of the SAUCA, Captain Gutierrez founded the airline in Venezuela and taking advantage of the bilateral agreement within the framework of the Andean Pact, he began operating with passenger routes between different cities of Colombia and Miami via Maracaibo with DC equipment- 8 and Boeing 727 at really cheaper prices.
In 1992, one of the last Douglas DC-8-50F operated by the airline, the N5842A, was acquired on leasing, which was completely white.
The decade of the nineties would mark a crisis not only for Arca, but for all Colombian freight airlines, because of several circumstances that combined against the airline industry in the country.
During the following years it was increasingly difficult to continue loading operations; FAA pressure became increasingly rigorous while the tough competition of international freight airlines made the operation less profitable.
The director of the entity, Abel Enrique Jiménez, and the head of the Office of Control and Security, Captain Germán Duarte, said that in the process of inspection (or search for recertification), they had to paralyze the operation they had been carrying out the aircraft of the company, because they did not meet the requirements to fly to the United States.
So the company was under fire for having not completed the inspection on aircraft and the financial status of the company.
The immobilization of each DC-8 represented for the company a 50% decrease in its revenues and that since the beginning of 1996 the SAUCA was lowered by the FAA to category two, for not exercising an adequate inspection on the airlines.
According to the FAA, Arca made a series of flights on the Douglas DC-8-55F, the N5824A, between June 1992 and August 1993 without a necessary ventilation system for the main cargo door within a stipulated period.
However, he doesn't realize that he's attracted to Kaede and that the reason for Kaede's playfulness around him may be because he returns those feelings.
The series was originally published as a trilogy of short stories from the July 2008 issue to the September 2008 issue.
The series was followed up with a one-volume spin-off titled , which was a continuation of Haruka and Tokiwa's story from 2010.
In the 1960s she was assistant to Leonard Bernstein at the New York Philharmonic, one of the first women to conduct this orchestra.
On 15 October 1978 she conducted the Berlin Philharmonic, as a guest conductor substituting for Herbert von Karajan who was unwell.
In the painting, she swoons while upheld by two angels, and has a vision of a Christ aloft on a cloud, showing her his stigmata.
The small dog at her feet is a common feature of her iconography; it recalls the story that her dog found the body of her murdered lover, this event her life triggered her movement towards an eremetic life.
The baroque arrangement by Lanfranco, places the figures along a diagonal in the canvas and grants a realistic solidity to the characters, focusing the attention on Margaret's psychic state and not only her overpowering miraculous vision.
The painting was commissioned in 1622 by Nicolo Gerolamo Venuti, whose coat of arms is at the lower left, and decorated at the main altar for the church of Santa Maria Nuova in Cortona.
It was purchased for the palace by Prince Ferdinand de' Medici, who provided to the church a replacement canvas on the same subject by Giuseppe Maria Crespi.
Tremors: Island Fury (also known as Tremors 7 or Tremors 7: Island Fury) is an upcoming American direct-to-video monster film directed by Don Michael Paul and written by Brian Brightly.
Its south (compass east) end is at FM 3465, formerly Loop 1604, though it is erroneously stated as traveling through Lone Oak.
Loop 109 was designated on August 2, 1943 as a loop off SH 20/SH 95 in Elgin with a connection from SH 95 north of town to old SH 20.
Loop 110 was designated on September 18, 1986 from US 277 in Christoval, southward approximately to US 277, south of Christoval.
On June 10, 1966 the route was transferred to US 183 and Loop 111 was reassigned to its current route along Airport Boulevard from IH 35 to US 183.
On May 24, 2007 a 1.7 mile section from IH 35 to FM 969 was removed and returned to the city of Austin.
Loop 114 was designated on September 21, 1950 as a redesignation of Spur 114 when it was extended to US 96/SH 87.
Loop 116 was designated on March 6, 1941 as a redesignation of Spur 116 when it was extended to US 59 south of New Willard.
On September 26, 1996 a 0.625 mile section from US 377 to Denton Street was returned to the city of Roanoke and Loop 118 was rerouted over Spur 118 to US 377.
Loop 120 was designated on May 14, 1941 from SH 70 south of Dickens, to a point US 62/US 82 west of Dickens.
Loop 123 was designated on September 15, 1941, from US 77 northeast of Lexington, eastward through Lexington to a point on US 77 east of Lexington.
Loop 124 is located entirely in Tyler city limits and follows Old Henderson Highway from SH 31 southeastward to SH 64.
It was originally designated from the intersection of SH 64 (Dallas Highway) and US 69 (Glenwood Boulevard) east along Erwin Street.
It followed Erwin Street until the intersection with Old Henderson Highway which Loop 124 would follow to its current eastern terminus at SH 64.
On May 30, 1962, the portion west of SH 31 was removed and turned over to the city of Tyler for maintenance.
On September 26, 1945 a section of Loop 125 became a portion of FM 390 and the remainder was changed to Spur 125.
Loop 127 was designated on October 23, 1941, from US 79 east of Palestine to the intersection of US 287 and US 84.
Loop 128 was designated on January 25, 1978, from US 380 southwest of Old Glory eastward and northward along the old location of US 380 to US 380 northeast of Old Glory.
Loop 130 was designated on November 24, 1941, from SH 36 west of Gustine, via Gustine and then northward to SH 36.
Loop 132 was designated on November 25, 1941, from SH 114 west of SH 79 in Olney, southward to SH 79 southwest of Olney.
Three weeks later the section from US 287 to SH 283 (now SH 6) was removed and the route was changed to Spur 133.
The first Loop 137 was designated on June 23, 1942 as a loop off US 90 (now IH 10) on Houston's northern side with connections to SH 73.
On August 8, 1960 the road was extended south 4.5 miles from IH 10 to SH 225, completing the loop around Houston.
From 1959 the route was co-designated with IH 610 and this co-designation was removed on April 14, 1980, cancelling Loop 137.
The second Loop 137 was designated on December 21, 1983 as a loop off SH 78 in Blue Ridge, replacing the old route of SH 78.
On April 2, 1969 the section from Spur 119 south to SH 207 was cancelled and the route was changed to Spur 140.
Loop 145 was designated on February 5, 1960 from US 287 in Oklaunion southward along Kingola Rd and eastward along the old route of US 287 and US 70 to US 287 east of Oklaunion.
On March 18, 1947 Loop 146 was cancelled and became a portion of FM 94, the same day that the route was signed as FM 94.
The original Loop 149 was designated on March 30, 1944 from US 75, 8 miles north of Houston, south over former US 75 (US 75 was rerouted to follow North Shepherd Drive) to then-Business US 59, then over Business US 59 to US 75 in Houston.
On March 24, 1954 Loop 149 was cancelled: the western half became part of US 75 (now IH 45) when it was rerouted back to its 1944 configuration and the eastern half was turned over to the city of Houston and Harris County.
The former route of US 75 became Spur 261 rather than Spur 149 because it was too close to FM 149.
Loop 150 was designated on November 14, 1959 as a loop off SH 71 in Bastrop as a replacement of SH 71 when it was rerouted to the south.
On December 21, 1982 the entire route was transferred to US 59 and Loop 151 was reassigned to the old route of US 59.
On February 7, 1985 this route was transferred to SH 93 and Loop 151 was reassigned on a route from US 59 to the Arkansas state line.
Loop 153 was designated on May 18, 1944 from SH 64/SH 323 northwest of Henderson via Henderson to US 79 south of a traffic circle and east to US 79 east of Henderson as a replacement of a section of SH 323.
On December 19, 1955 the section from FM 840 northeast to US 79 was cancelled and returned to the city of Henderson.
Loop 153 was cancelled on June 21, 1990 along with Loop 154 and transferred to Business US 79-F and Business SH 64-E.
Loop 154 was designated on September 14, 1944 from SH 64 east of a traffic circle south via Henderson to US 79 southwest of Henderson.
Loop 154 was cancelled on June 21, 1990 along with Loop 153 and transferred to Business US 79-F and Business SH 64-E.
Loop 155 was designated on September 14, 1944 from US 83 north of Crystal City following FM 65 to Uvalde St and westward along Uvalde St to US 83 in Crystal City.
Loop 157 was designated on May 29, 1985 from US 59 northeast of Tenaha southwest and south 0.8 miles to US 84/US 96 as a replacement of a section of Loop 168.
Loop 163 was designated on June 1, 1960 as a loop off US 281 in Blanco as a replacement for US 281 when it was rerouted.
Loop 165 was designated on November 7, 1958 as a renumbering of Loop 281 due to its confusion with US 281.
Loop 166 was designated on April 30, 1945 from US 90 east of Brackettville along the old location of US 90 through Brackettville to US 90 west of Brackettville.
Loop 170 was designated on January 18, 1946 from US 80 (later Loop 432, now Business I 20-M) southeast of Sweetwater Municipal Airport (then called Avenger Field) through Sweetwater Municipal Airport and then to another point on US 80 (later Loop 432, now Business I 20-M).
Loop 173 was designated on March 21, 1946 from SH 37 near the Quitman Court House to SH 37 east of Quitman.
The first use of the Loop 175 designation was in Coleman County, from US 84, 1.5 miles southeast of Coleman west to Commercial Avenue near the south side of Coleman, then south 1 mile to US 67 near Coleman Airport with a spur connection along Commercial Avenue into Coleman.
The next use of the Loop 175 designation was in Victoria County as a loop off US 59 around the south side of Victoria.
On January 26, 1995 Loop 175 was cancelled and transferred to US 59 when it was rerouted; the original route of US 59 became Business US 59.
Loop 177 was designated on March 21, 1946 from US 59 south of Moscow, northwestward along a county road to the old location of US 59 and then along the old location of US 59 approximate , and then eastward to US 59.
On November 5, 1952, one section was transferred to FM 1643, which was cancelled and combined with FM 350 on February 21, 1958 (note that FM 1643 has since been reassigned elsewhere).
Loop 179 was designated on December 19, 1979, from SH 11 west of Pittsburg north and northeast to US 271 north of Pittsburg.
The original Loop 179 was designated on November 8, 1946 from US 281 south of Stephenville to US 67 just south of the Bosque River, then along US 67 to US 377 in Stephenville, then east along US 377 to US 281/US 377 east of Stephenville.
On August 28, 1948 Loop 179 was erroneously cancelled, but was shortly corrected to go from US 281 to US 67 only.
On July 21, 1961 the section from FM 933 south to SH 22 was transferred to FM 933 and the route was changed to Spur 180.
Loop 183 was designated on July 9, 1970 as a loop off US 59 in Hungerford as a replacement of US 59 when it was rerouted.
On June 30, 1976 the road was extended south and southwest along old US 59 to US 59 south of Wharton; this extension was also signed as Business US 59.
Loop 184 was designated on June 21, 1978 as a loop off FM 1960 in Humble as a replacement for FM 1960 after it was rerouted.
Loop 187 was designated on July 29, 1965, from US 281 west of Antelope, east and south through Antelope to US 281.
The original Loop 187 was designated on April 30, 1947 from new US 77 in Lewisville east to new SH 121 east of Lewisville.
Loop 193 was designated on January 18, 1960, from US 62 in Wolfforth, northward along the old route of US 62 through Wolfforth to US 62.
It was designated three months before Spur 195, and is the only case when a loop and spur have the same number and are not in the same city.
Loop 195 was designated on September 26, 2013 from US 83 at Loma Blanca Road to FM 755 northeast of Rio Grande City, a distance of approximately 17.4 miles.
The original Loop 195 was designated on August 23, 1990 from US 67 west of Stephenville to US 281 near Stephenville Municipal Airport.
On July 16, 1965 the road was rerouted along old US 377 to US 67/US 377 west of Stephenville and signed as Business US 377.
Loop 197 was designated on February 5, 1960 as a loop off SH 146 in Texas City as a replacement for SH 146 when it was rerouted west of town.
On September 27, 2012 the section from SH 146 east to 19th Avenue was removed from the highway system and returned to Texas City and the remainder was changed to Spur 197.
Loop 198 was designated on December 17, 1947 from US 59 southeast of Mathis via Mathis to SH 9/US 59 northeast of Mathis.
The 2019-20 Princeton Tigers Men's ice hockey season was the 117th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Tigers represented the Princeton University and played their home games at the Hobey Baker Memorial Rink, and were coached by Ron Fogarty, in his 6th season.
The 1946 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1946 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 10–1 record, won the MAA championship, shut out six of eleven opponents, defeated in the Derby Bowl and in the Vulcan Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 247 to 61.
1 black college football team for 1946 with a score of 27.0, ahead of Morgan State with a score of 26.0 and Tuskegee with a score of 25.0.
In the 2016–17 season she scored the second fastest goal in W-league history against Western Sydney Wanderers when she scored in 14 seconds.
His teaching and research work was undertaken through positions at the University of Melbourne, CSIRO and the National Museum of Victoria (now Melbourne Museum).
His mother died when he was seven months old and he was first cared for by his aunt, then later was placed under the guardianship of a Quaker solicitor.
He won a scholarship to Leominster Grammar School, where he thrived as a scholar and athlete, becoming a school prefect as a senior.
Baker found work on reaching Melbourne almost immediately, being selected as a junior assistant at the University of Melbourne's Geology School in April 1925.
Through the encouragement and patronage of Ernest Willington Skeats, he was permitted to attend lectures and was subsequently admitted to a Bachelor of Science.
While the button-like presentation of many australites fuelled early conjecture about their human-made origins, scientific analysis established these objects are formed from the molten, terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts.
Baker was recognised for the quality of his research work by the University of Melbourne through award of the David Syme Research Prize in 1944, and was conferred the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc) by the university in 1956.
Maintaining his base at the University's Geology School, Baker accepted the role of research officer with CSIRO's mineragraphic section, later promoted to of senior principal research scientist by the time of his retirement in 1968.
Baker was a fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America and the Meteoritical Society, a life member of the American Geophysical Union, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Royal Society of Victoria, and a foundation member of the Geological Society of Australia.
George Baker was the inaugural recipient of the Royal Society of Victoria's Medal for Excellence in Scientific Research, awarded in 1959 on the centenary of the Society's formal foundation.
George Baker died in Melbourne on 25 August 1975, leaving his extensive collection of 2,500 Victorian tektites to the National Museum of Victoria and a portrait painted by Melbourne artist Orlando Dutton to the Royal Society of Victoria.
The Large Concert Studio of the Recording House allows to record big orchestras and choirs, it is one of the largest sound recording studio in Europe.
Built specifically to record large orchestral and choral ensembles, the record house has unique acoustic parameters and remains today the largest professional specialized sound recording and concert complex of Ukraine with the largest symphonic stage space.
The volume of the Large Concert Studio is 9800 m. In addition to the Large Concert Studio, the Recording House has several other studios of different size and functions, which are equipped with advanced digital equipment.
For several decades, the leading vocalists of Ukrainian music culture have been recorded in studios of the Recording House of Ukrainian Radio.
Voices of Yevgeniy Miroshnichenko, Anatoly Solovyanenko, Anatoly Kocherga, Ivan Patorzhinskiy, Zoya Gaidai, Borys Hmyria, Ivan Kozlovsky, Bela Rudenko, Yuriy Gulyaev, Dmytro Hnatyuk, Galina Tuftina, Maria Stefyuk, Lyudmila Yurchenko, were broadcast on Ukrainian Radio channels, thus fulfilling the function of sharing the nation's cultural heritage to future generations of Ukrainians.
Along with prominent vocalist soloists, are also recorded masterpieces performed by prominent conductors and instrumentalist soloists of different eras: Igor Oistrakh, Sviatoslav Richter, Konstantin Simeonov, Natan Rakhlin, Stepan Turchak, Mykola Petrov, Volodymyr Krainev, Mykola Suk, Oleh Krysa, Liana Isakadze, Ada Rogovtseva, Bohdan Stupka, and many others.
Prominent actors such as Ada Rogovtseva, Bohdan Stupka, Natalia and Olha Sumski, Bohdan Beniuk, Anatoliy Khostikoyev, Anatoliy Palamarenko and many others created a national anthology of Ukrainian radio theater.
Florence Signaigo Wagner (February 18, 1919 – October 21, 2019) was an American botanist who served as president of the American Fern Society.
She was employed as a botanist in Tunja, Colombia, and at the University of Michigan as a research scientist for more than five decades.
As is usual in botany, she is listed as an abbreviation rather than using her full name when quoted or mentioned: F.S.
The first Kenyan project that was financed by the World Bank was the African Agriculture Project, the World Bank issued the then British Colony with $5.6 million dollars to invest in infrastructure that was vital to developing Kenya's agricultural sector.
Kenya receives loans from both the IDA and IBRD agencies of the World Bank which are designed to help low and middle income countries.
The World Bank has increased the value of its lending to Kenya in recent years, from $623 million in 2019 to $1.27 billion in 2019.
The World Bank has also been criticised for an alleged lack of concern about the negative impacts to the environment and the livelihood of local communities that projects they support may have.
The Accountability Counsel and other NGO groups have alleged that World Bank funds are contributing towards the building of a coal-fired power plant in the coastal region of Lamu despite concerns about pollution and the displacement of local communities.
Widespread accusations about the corrupt use of funds designated to infrastructure projects in Kenya has caused concerns about the potential for the misuse of World Bank loans.
Corruption reports by the Kenyan government estimate that up to 70% of corruption in Kenya may be associated with the process of procuring government contracts, many of these contracts are financed through money borrowed from foreign governments and international financial institutions.
The World Bank's Office of Suspension and Debarment has suspended and disbarred several Kenyan companies and individuals on the grounds of alleged corruption.
The World Bank's IDA agency which finances projects in low income countries has included a greater emphasis on combatting corruption in its most recent reports.
The IDA has committed to several projects with the goal of increasing accountability and transparency in the government's of low income countries.
59 Rivoli is an art gallery in Paris that the city legally transformed from the previous artist squat that occupied the space since 1999.
In 2006, Parisian city officials began to renovate after purchasing the space, and they opened in 2009 with art studios for 30 artists.
In the artist community in Paris, people debate whether the formally established art galleries provide more opportunities for the artists who work there or inhibit the artistic process.
In 1999, a group of artists took over a space in a former bank that had been abandoned for 15 years.
City officials discovered in 2001 that more than 40,000 people were visiting 59 Rivoli per year, and it was the third most-visited center or museum for contemporary art in the city.
59 Rivoli was the first conversion to a legal establishment by the ministry in Paris, but the project has continued since 2006.
The 6 spiral staircase in the middle of the building climbs 6 floors, surrounded by brightly colored murals on the walls and floors.
Pier Giacomo De Nicolò (born 11 March 1929) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including stints as Apostolic Nuncio in Costa Rica, Syria, and Switzerland.
Bush Creek then flows northeast and then turns southeast to meet New Hope River in the B. Everett Jordan Lake Reservoir in Chatham County.
Bush Creek drains of area, receives about 47.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 405.13, and has an average water temperature of 15.07°C.
Wilhelm Jakobs was born on 10 February 1858 in Diezenkausen as eldest child of Wilhelm Jakobs (1832–1913) and Luise, born as Luise Simon.
After various practical activities in railway workshops and military service as a one-year volunteer at the railroad regiment, he then worked on locomotive construction in Hanover.
In 1896 Wilhelm was called back to Cologne, but in 1900 he retired from civil service, after he was the head of the Rastatt wagon factory had taken over On 10.
In this construction, two adjacent car body ends of railway vehicles are based on a common bogie from which effort and weight can be saved.
Wilhelm Jakobs advanced at the beginning of the First World War on the second day of mobilization as Captain of the reserve and Company Leader of the Reserve Railroad Company 9, and in the middle of August with his company Belgium where the train station Libramont was restored.
From September to November 1914, the war railway bridges over the Mesh at Charleville Mezieres, about the Scheldt at Ename and at Audenarde built, the railway Sodeghem Kortrijk restored with stations and made operational.
Army (Crown Prince Army) transferred and appointed chief of the Baudirektion of this army; on the 30th November 1915 he was promoted to major in reserve.
In the winter of 1915/16, with the subordinate tram companies and temporarily assigned troop departments, the supply and attack routes to attack Verdun in the area of the 5th Army prepared and maintained during the time of the attack and the fighting before Verdun.
Also was started by repairing the locks, the Maas canal after Verdun to become operational again In the autumn of 1916, Wilhelm Jakobs, the Iron Cross II and I.
Class and that Ritterkreuz I was recalled from the field to re-enter the leadership of the Association of German Wagon Factories, as the need for new railway wagons became necessary for the war.
The further development of the war filled him with bitterness increasing bitterness and anxiety and, all those who gave the All-German Association and its far-reaching war aims.
Still in December 1918 he participated in the founding of the German National People's Party he also ran for office at parliamentary elections without gaining a seat.
In March 1921, the Association of German wagon factories was dissolved and the association of German wagon factories was founded and also dissolved in October 1923 and lay of Wilhelm Jakobs.
He already was in the age of 65, but forced retirement made him hard to deal with for a long time.
In October 1926, Wilhelm Jakobs sold his house in Berlin-Dahlem and moved with his wife Bensheim Bergstraße, but already in 1931 he moved to his home village Diezenkausen.
In 1939, at the age of 80, Wilhelm Jakobs also gave up the house in Diezenkausen and moved to a pension with his wife Bonn where he succumbed to a stroke on 3 February 1942.
He became a prominent real estate developer in Hillsborough County, Florida and was responsible for the building of Pebble Creek, Westchase, Waterchase and Highland Park communities.
In 2008 he moved to North Carolina to work on a master's degree in city and regional planning from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, eventually working toward his Ph.D.
In 2010 his wife filed court documents outlining Bishops' reportedly abusive behavior, including verbal abuse, death threats, threatening suicide, carrying a loaded gun around their home, and breaking possessions.
A judge ordered that the couple's assets be frozen and granted Sharon Bishop a domestic violence order of protection against Bishop on March 30, 2010 after Bishop had blocked his wife from having access to a marital bank account holding $150,000 and an investment account with over $2.8 million.
In March 2017 Bishop was awarded full custody of his two sons after his estranged wife had moved to Florida to receive treatment for alcoholism.
On April 18, 2018 Bishop's 16-year-old son, Alexander, called police to report finding his father unconscious and strangled by a dog leash in the movie theater of their Hope Valley home.
According to search warrants, Alexander Bishop, then a student at Durham Academy, called his mother five times before making the 9-1-1 call.
Alexander Bishop told first responders that he found his father unconscious in their home, with the dog attached to a leash tangled around his neck.
Alexander Bishop was indicted by a grand jury on February 18, 2019 on a charge of first-degree murder and was arrested four days later.
Cirillo has been active in the feminist movement since the late 1960s and politically engaged from an early date as a socialist activist in the Italian Section of the Fourth International, Proletarian Democracy, Communist Refoundation Party (of which she was a member of the National Political Committee) and then of the Critical Left (with which she was a candidate for the Senate in the 2008 elections).
She was one of the Italian protagonists of the World March of Women and speaker in various assemblies of the European Social Forum on feminist issues.
Campillo competed in five Vuelta a Españas and four Tour de Frances, with his best result being fifth overall in the 1960 Vuelta a España.
Campillo retired from racing at the end of the 1963 season and used his savings to buy a restaurant in Andorra.
On 28 February 1964, the day before its opening, he was crushed by a truck and died aged 33, leaving his six-year-old son an orphan after his mother died giving birth to him.
Born on 21 July 1920 in Eupen, the trained farmer and later representative of a large insurance company operated since the 1960s in the German classic car scene.
Since 1965 he contributed as an author of numerous articles, technical contributions and books as well as lecturer to the mediation of the history of the automobile.
Among other things, he wrote standard works on the automotive brands Maybach and Rumpler, also on topics like Tricycles and Rocket cars.
Alexander Hollins (born November 24, 1996) is an American football wide receiver for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL).
He caught 11 passes for 214 yards and three touchdowns as a sophomore before transferring to Eastern Illinois University for the final two years of his NCAA eligibility.
As a senior, he caught 80 passes for 1,102 yards and 16 touchdowns and was named first team All-Ohio Valley Conference.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
The 33rd Annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards will be held on March 22, 2020, at the The Forum in Inglewood, California.
It will also be the first ceremony to be held on a Sunday, rather than Nickelodeon's traditional prime Saturday timeslot as it coincides with Slimefest weekend.
The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Granville Ryrie (Liberal Reform) to unsuccessfully contest the 1910 federal election for Werriwa.
The by-election and those for Darling Harbour and Upper Hunter were held on the same day as the 1910 Federal election.
From 1963 she began to devote herself to political activity; the following year she enrolled in the Italian Socialist Party, dealing with social and women's issues.
From 1964 to 1970 she was secretary of the Morandi Section, elected councilor for zone 5 of Milan and, as party representative, entered the Administrative Board of the Ronzoni Surgical Institute and then into the Board of Directors of Clinical Specialization Institutes.
As provincial and then regional head of the PSI she organized many conferences on the history of socialist women, work, health of women workers and abortion.
With the aim of collecting, organizing, preserving and making available the wealth of knowledge and practices developed by the women's movement, in the belief that the protection and enhancement of the history of feminism and the history of women in general constitutes a value not only scientific and cultural, but also - and above all - political.
The Center carries out an intense political and cultural activity in Milan and collects documentation on the feminist movement on an ongoing basis.
In her will, Elvira Badaracco donated her assets to the Study Center, naming Annarita Buttafuoco as the life guarantor of the economic, scientific and political heritage she left behind, requiring the transformation of the Center into a Foundation.
Orr's work can be see in the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco and in Korea in the collection of the WOCEF.
In addition, she studied with Betty Woodman at the University of Colorado in Boulder in 1989, before earning her MFA at The New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University in 1992.
Orr works in earthenware clay, using a variety of processes that include using the potter's wheel as well as a ram press and press molds, often using multiple processes to produce one piece.
Orr's work is primarily influenced by Mexican folk pottery and is characterized by the terra sigillata, stamps, slips and sprigs she uses to finish the surface, and by her layers of multi-colored glazes.
Orr believes that studio pottery is artistically significant and as a result and in collaboration with 5 other artists, co-founded the Art of the Pot studio tour.
This is an invitational tour where nationally known potters are invited to show their work along with the collaborators in their studios.
The use of the label Phantasiasts by both Dyophysites and moderate Miaphysites indicates the extreme nature of the position relative to orthodox theologies.
In the middle of sixth century, the term Phantasiasts was applied to the Aphthartodocetae, the followers of Julian of Halicarnassus, the theological foe of Severus of Antioch.
The poet George of Pisidia also describes Phanatasiasts in his poem celebrating the emperor Heraclius' campaign of 622 against the Persians.
He is currently one of the newest internet sensations in Ghana after a video of him claiming to be richer than the richest man in Africa, Aliko Dangote started circulating.
Aina Moll Marquès (December 1, 1930 - February 9, 2019) was a Spanish philologist and politician, who served as director of Linguistic Policy of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
She was a member of the Grupo Catalán de Sociolingüística (Catalan Sociolinguistic Group), and was also a member of the first Commission of State Transfers - General Interinsular Council of the Balearic Islands.
The male and female holotype and allotype were collected by Vink in Prices Valley, Banks Peninsula in 1994 and 1990 respectively, and in the Lincoln University Entomology Research Collection (LUNZ).
The Secretary is part of the Governor's Cabinet The chief function of the department is to connect businesses with locations, workforce and infrastructure in North Carolina that businesses need to succeed.
The department also staffs and receives policy guidance from: the North Carolina Board of Science, Technology, and Innovation; the NCWorks Commission; and the Rural Infrastructure Authority.
The Department of Commerce is headed by the Secretary, who is selected by the Governor, and serves during the governor's tenure.
After earning his Masters degree, Godambe accepted a position in the Bureau of Economics and Statistics with the Government of Bombay.
While there, he submitted papers for publication in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society and Bulletin of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics, Bombay.
Godambe shortly thereafter left Bombay to pursue a PhD at the University of London, and accepted a fellowship at the University of California, Berkeley.
Upon his return, and completion of his thesis, Godambe was appointed a Senior Research Fellow at the Indian Statistical Institute and Professor and Head of the Statistics Department in Nagpur.
He then moved to North America and worked at the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, alongside lvan Fellegi, then taught at Johns Hopkins University, University of Michigan, and finally the University of Waterloo.
Godambe began his career at the University of Waterloo in July 1967 as a visiting professor in Statistics and Actuarial Sciences but was granted tenure as Professor in July 1969.
A few years later, in 1971, Godambe and Mary Thompson read a paper to the Royal Statistical Society entitled ‘Bayes, fiducial, and frequency aspects of statistical inference in survey sampling.
Based on the paper published in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, he demonstrated that the likelihood principle implies that inference should be independent of the sampling design in general, which led to the development of model theory in survey sampling.
In 1987, Godambe was honoured with the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC) Gold Medal and was later named an honorary member.
Dreams of Tomorrow is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded and released by the Flying Dutchman label in 1983.
The regiment was formed on 1 September 1996 by elevating the existing 1st Army Aviation Repairs Unit to regiment without changing the unit's size or composition.
The unit traces its roots back to the Army Light Aircraft Repairs Unit, which was founded in 1953 and renamed 1st Light Army Aviation Repairs Unit on 1 July 1958.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: support regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for one of the 88 modern constellationss.
As the regiment was founded in the city of Bracciano the regiment's coats of arms fourth quarter depicts Bracciano's coat of arms.
The 1954 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1954 college football season.
In their fourth and final season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 10–1 record, won the MAA championship, lost to in the National Classic, and outscored all opponents by a total of 330 to 70.
The draw for the qualifying stages and group stage was held on 17 December 2019, 20:30 PYST (), at the CONMEBOL Convention Centre in Luque, Paraguay.
Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne successfully defended their title for a fourth consecutive year, defeating May Hardcastle and Emily Hood Westacott 7–5, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1939 Australian Championships.
The name itself may have originated as a nickname given to women who carried water to men on the battlefield during War.
She joined him at the Army's winter camp at Valley Forge in 1777, and was present at the Battle of Monmouth, where she served as a water-carrier.
When her husband fell she took his place swabbing and loading the cannon, and after the action was commended by George Washington.
On November 16, 1776, John Corbin was one of 2,800 American soldiers who defended Fort Washington in northern Manhattan from 9,000 attacking Hessian troops under British command.
When John Corbin was wounded and killed, Margaret took his place at the cannon, and continued to fire it until she was seriously wounded in the arm.
In 1779, Margaret Corbin was awarded an annual pension of $50 by the state of Pennsylvania for her heroism in battle.
After her discharge she successfully petitioned for a pension as a veteran, one of only two women (the other was Corbin) to receive such.
After receiving several rejections, New Jersey congressman Ernest Ackerman, a stamp collector himself, enlisted the assistance of the majority leader of the House, John Q. Tilson.
Molly was finally pictured on an imprinted stamp on a postal card issued in 1978 for the 200th anniversary of the battle.
The Field Artillery and Air Defense Artillery branches of the US Army established an honorary society in Molly Pitcher's name, the Honorable Order of Molly Pitcher.
The Order of Molly Pitcher recognizes individuals who have voluntarily contributed in a significant way to the improvement of the Field Artillery community.
She currently works as an Associate Professor & Associate Director of bioethics, and in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, at the Alden March Bioethics Institute.
She then earned a MA and PhD from Michigan State University in philosophy with a focus on bioethics and feminist theory.
Focusing her research in reproductive ethics, sexual ethics, and queer bioethics, she currently has over 50 peer-reviewed papers, more than a dozen book chapters, and is the co-editor of three books in reproductive ethics.
Since 2015, she has served as Director of Mission, Discipleship and Ministry in the Diocese of Durham and Canon Missioner of Durham Cathedral.
Before joining Durham, she ministered in the Dioceses of Bradford, Guildford and Chichester, and in Uganda with the Church Mission Society.
In December 2019, it was announced that she would be the next Bishop of Doncaster, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Sheffield: she will be consecrated a bishop in 2020.
In 1929, Francesca also joined the Communist Party, starting a long period of political commitment in the Italian-speaking group of the French Communist Party and, because of political persecution, she was forced to move with her husband to Belgium and then to Luxembourg.
In 1932 they returned to Paris and were given the task of making clandestine trips to Italy to introduce the party press and reorganize the communist apparatus, while in the following two years they were invited to Moscow at the School of the Communist International.
On their return in 1935 they resumed their journeys to Italy until their arrest, which took place in Milan on 13 June 1936.
On May 22, 1937 the Special Court for the Defense of the State sentenced Nino to 14 years and Francesca to 8, on charges of conspiracy against the State and the re-establishment of the Communist Party.
Francesca was imprisoned at the women's penitentiary in Perugia, where she served four years and left, following an amnesty, in 1941.
After the fall of Mussolini on 25 July 1943, Nino was also released from prison and resumed his political activities in Lecco, alternating his work underground with the partisan struggle in the mountains.
On 17 October 1943, at the Piani d'Erna, was the eponymous battle, one of the first of the Italian Resistance, which was also attended by Francesca Ciceri.
Here the Fascists managed to break through the lines of the Resistance and the partisans (including Francesca and Nino), were forced to retreat in Valsassina and in the Bergamo area.
In 1944 Francesca lost her brother Pietro, deported to Mauthausen-Gusen, and her 21-year-old nephew Lino, arrested in Lecco and shot during the Cibeno massacre, while her husband Nino was seriously ill due to the eight hard years he spent in prison.
After the Liberation, Nino took on important union duties and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Italian Communist Party.
After Nino's death in 1959, Francesca returned to settle in Lecco becoming president of the provincial section of the National Association of Italian Partisans between 1980 and 1988.
In January 2019, two memorial blocks were placed for her brother Pietro and her nephew Lino in front of their home in Via Resegone, 16.
But they had finished in a disappointing 11th place in the League, which meant there would be no European football in the new season.
1978–79 was Jim McLaughlin's fifth season as manager, and was Dundalk's 53rd consecutive season in the top tier of Irish football.
The previous season had been dogged by an early season row over player expenses, which had seen two players depart acrimoniously; while the death of club stalwart Brian McConville after returning home from a match in January 1978 had further affected the club.
There were rumours that McLaughlin would be let go, despite retaining the Leinster Cup, and winning their first League Cup in a penalty shoot-out over Cork Alberts.
The new season opened inauspiciously, with both the League Cup and the Leinster Cup being surrendered in their respective first rounds in early September.
The League schedule commenced on 10 September 1978 and Dundalk continued their slow start, dropping points in eight of the first 15 matches to lie in fourth position.
But, starting with a win over Shamrock Rovers on Christmas Eve, they only dropped three points from the next 14 matches to surge to the title with a game to spare.
It was confirmed in slightly surreal fashion – with a win away to Cork Celtic (who were about to be expelled from the League) in front of 200 people; while the trophy was presented in Oriel Park 48 hours later after a final-day defeat to FAI Cup final opponents Waterford.
Having made light work of reaching the 1979 FAI Cup Final, they defeated Waterford 2–0, thereby completing the club's first League and Cup Double.
Rejuvenation is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded and released by the Flying Dutchman label in 1985.
She also served as the chair of the Russian Academy of Education (during the period of November 11, 2013 – 2018), and as the Academy's Honorary President, 2018–2019.
He was a member of the centre-right party The People of Freedom and was elected Mayor of Vibo Valentia at the 2010 Italian local elections.
James Lewis Parker (born 9 June 1994) is an Argentine handball player who plays as a left handed for Spanish club BM Benidorm and the Argentina national team.
Luigi Accogli (16 August 1917 – 21 June 2004) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including stints as Apostolic Nuncio in China, Ecuador, Bangladesh, and Syria.
Laura Conti (31 March 1921 — 25 May 1993) was an Italian anti-fascist partisan, doctor, environmentalist, socialist politician, feminist, and novelist, considered one of the avant-garde figures of Italian environmentalism.
On 4 July she was arrested; after a brief period in San Vittore, she was interned in the Bolzano Transit Camp.
In Milan she also cemented her political commitment: first in the ranks of the Italian Socialist Party, and from 1951 in the Italian Communist Party.
From Icmesa, a factory north of Milan, a toxic cloud came out containing many kilos of dioxin, a substance then almost unknown, which falls on the town.
Perryus is a genus of phacopid trilobites that lived in what are now Canada, Greenland, and Siberia from the early Silurian to the middle Silurian from 438—430 mya, existing for approximately .
As a UCI WorldTeam, they are automatically invited and obliged to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
Make Someone Happy is an album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded and released by the Flying Dutchman label in 1986.
Captain Moody wrote a letter attesting to the fact that the six were American citizens, five native born and one naturalized.
Eventually Vice Admiral Charles Stirling, commander of the Royal Navy's Jamaica Station, had the men reclassified as prisoners of war, not British subjects.
Marguerite Marie Charlotte Rouvière (27 June 1889 - 30 January 1966) was a French physicist, teacher and translator, a pioneer for women in French science as student, teacher and union member.
On her behalf, her egalitarian father had asked the director of the ENS - the celebrated historian Ernest Lavisse - to allow her entry.
It was agreed, the administration having discussed prior successes of two other young women in mathematics and natural sciences, Liouba Bortniker and Marie Robert respectively (Rouvière's sister, Jeanne, enrolled two years later).
(Jeanne spent two years at Lycée Buffon and afterwards published a translation of Albert Einstein's special and general theories of relativity).
However, as an ENS existed for young women at , some considered that she was therefore taking the place of a young man, without having to do national service.
A number of teaching staff bemoaned Rouvière's inclusion, including Henri Abraham, the professor of Physics (later to be killed in Auschwitz concentration camp) who excoriated her about a [quite accurate] statement she made on a difficult topic, leaving her in tears.
Between 2017 and 2019, he was executive director of the cultural complex of Cidade das Artes, one of the largest cultural performance centers in Rio de Janeiro.
On January 23, 2020, Gavassi asked him for a date during his confinement at Big Brother Brazil, Igor accepted, making a statement to singer using his Instagram.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
Richard Carlton Paschall III is an American diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to the Gambia since 2019.
Paschall earned a Bachelor of Arts from University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and a Master of Science from the National Defense University.
He served in leadership positions in the Bureau of African Affairs at the State Department, at the U.S. Embassies in Iraq and Chad, and as Foreign Policy Advisor to the Commander of the Special Operations Command-Africa.
On August 16, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Paschall to be the next United States Ambassador to the Gambia.
Paschall arrived in The Gambia on March 14, 2019, and presented his credentials to President Adama Barrow on April 9, 2019.
He is the recipient of numerous notable State Department awards as well as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Meritorious Civilian Service Award.
Paschall is married to Colonel Jane Ellen Miller Paschall (U.S. Army, Judge Advocate, retired), an attorney with expertise in international law, military justice, and rule of law capacity building, and is the proud father of two adult sons.
Chuong completed a bachelor's degree in medicine in 1978, then, in 1983, earned a doctorate in developmental and molecular biology at Rockefeller University in the United States.
Following the completion of his doctoral studies, Chuong remained at Rockefeller University as an assistant professor of developmental and molecular biology until 1987, when he moved to the University of Southern California as an assistant professor of pathology.
Chuong was elected to membership within Academia Sinica's division of life sciences in 2008, and elected to fellowship within the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2014.
Alfonso García-Valdecasas y García-Valdecasas (14 May 1904 – 11 April 1993) was a Spanish professor of civil law, lawyer, politician, and founding member of the Falange Española.
Together with Fernando de los Ríos, Luis Jiménez de Asúa, Felipe Sánchez-Román Gallifa, Wenceslao Roces and José Ortega y Gasset, García-Valdecasas resigned from his position as chair in 1929 in protest due to Spanish leader Miguel Primo de Rivera's persecution of student politicians.
By March 1933, García-Valdecasas began to collaborate with José Antonio Primo de Rivera, a lawyer and the eldest son of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the two became founding members of the Falange Española alongside Julio Ruiz de Alda.
García-Valdecasas participated as a speaker at the founding ceremony of the Falange, which was held on 29 October 1933 at the Teatro de la Comedia in Madrid.
After the breakout of the Spanish Civil War, García-Valdecasas joined the Francoist side, and in 1938 he was appointed Undersecretary of Education by Francisco Franco.
He then became an attorney in the Cortes Españolas from 1943 to 1946, and again from 1967 to 1971, and from 1971 to 1977.
García-Valdecasa was a member of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation (elected on 29 July 1939), the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas (Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, elected 1953), and the Royal Spanish Academy (from 25 April 1965).
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
The 1953 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1953 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8–0–1 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 225 to 60.
The team was selected based on the Dickinson System as the 1953 black college national champion with a Dickinson rating of 25.83, placing ahead of Prairie View (25.00), Florida A&M (24.50), and Lincoln (MO) (24.25).
The first of four children, Rina was privately educated; for this purpose the father chose to entrust her to a young Italian teacher of Ferrara: .
In 1898 Paolo was arrested and Rina's father began to oppose his relationship with his daughter in a decisive manner; this meant that Rina, as soon as she turned eighteen, left her family to go and live with his family in the poor and popular district of the city, where after a few months she married Paolo.
Later that year, she was joined in Genoa by her mother and her three brothers, forced to leave Ferrara due to an unsustainable family situation and the excesses of her jealous and possessive father.
Rina, in order to make her work as a columnist more effective, decided to learn German (Trentino was then Austrian) and to perfect her command of the language she moved for a time to Vienna with her eldest son .
Following an illness of Giuseppe, who risked dying, Rina began to dedicate herself primarily to her family, ceasing to be a political militant.
However she continued the collaboration with the printed paper and her socialist acquaintances; in particular, she collaborated with the Bietti publishing house, publishing a small Italian grammar book for German-speaking students and translating from German fairy tales and stories by Hans Christian Andersen.
Some years after Paolo's death in Milan in 1941, Rina ended up moving to Pavia with her daughter Rosa, going to join her other daughter, .
Rina worked with great commitment within the Ferrarese socialist leadership group, which needed a woman to organize the female component of the labor movement, and showed immediately that she had talent and charisma.
Beginning in 1897, in the Ferrara countryside, an impressive wave of strikes had begun which lasted until 1902 and which, despite harsh repression, led tens of thousands of laborers and boars to abstain from work.
The strikes highlighted the need to tackle the agrarian question, namely the seasonal chronic unemployment of the laborers and the unsustainability of the ancient relations between masters and settlers, which were gradually being replaced by new relations between wage laborers.
The harsh repression, with arrests, trials and convictions, did not prevent wages from being raised thanks to those struggles and the commitment to draw up new colonial contracts, written for the first time.
For this reason, Melli is particularly committed to union activity aimed at women workers, setting up leagues and organizing socialist circles, often dedicated to Anna Kuliscioff, whom she met.
From February 1901, the Ferrara peasant movement undertook an extraordinary organizational and political growth that had no equal in any other Italian province.
The aim is to educate women workers (especially agricultural workers) in politics through the newspaper, using simple language that is also accessible to those who did not have high levels of education, in order to accelerate the growth of the socialist movement.
Since then, it has been developing its own movements based on ETA calibers with expired patent rights and has managed to become one of the main movement manufacturer of the Swiss watchmaking industry.
Hublot, IWC, Oris, Raymond Weil, Sinn, and TAG Heuer are amongst the brands that utilize Sellita’s movements or slightly modified versions to power their watches.
The lawn bowls competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held at a lot beside the Friendship Gate of the Clark Freeport Zone from 1 to 4 December 2019.
Carlos Daniel Chavez-Taffur Schmidt born 1960 in Lima is a Peruvian diplomat, who is ambassador in Tel Aviv since 16 May 2019.
Joëlle Boutin is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in a byelection on December 2, 2019.
An accomplished silat exponent, Nurul Suhaila clinched a bronze medal for her category (Class D, 60 to 65kg) at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games and also a gold medal at the Sijori Pencak Silat Championships in 2014.
Selly Andriani had denied Suhaila gold in the final of the 15th World Pencak Silat Championship, and defeated the Singaporean again in the semi-final of the same tournament the following year, which resulted in Suhaila getting a silver and bronze respectively.
However, at the 18th World Pencak Silat Championship, Suhaila defeated two-time world champion, Selly Andriani 4-1 at the OCBC Arena to enter Class D (60-65kg) final.
In 2019, at the first United States Open Pencak Silat Championships in Sterling, Virginia, Singapore won 16 gold medals out of a possible 27.
During the Atlantic slave trade, Portugal and Spain transported many African slaves from Mozambique to Mexico where they arrived primarily to the port city of Veracruz.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations; relations between both nations have taken place primarily in multilateral forums such as the United Nations.
In October 1986, Mexico called for an inquiry into the death of Mozambican President Samora Machel at the United Nations after his plane crashed in South Africa.
In June 1999, Mexican Foreign Minister Rosario Green met with Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano while both were attending the inauguration for South African President Thabo Mbeki in Pretoria.
In December 2010, Mozambican Minister of the Environment, Alcinda Abreu, paid a visit to Mexico to attend the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún.
In October 2015, Mozambican Minister of Justice José Ibraimo Abudo paid a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican National Human rights Commissioner, Luis Raúl González Pérez.
During the visit, both nations agreed for joint activities to be developed in the field of protection and dissemination of human rights, training and advice between both nations.
Both nations are currently negotiating a Memorandum of Understanding for the Establishment of a Consultation Mechanism in Matters of Mutual Interests.
Mexico's main exports to Mozambique include: dairy based products; tractors; refrigerators; cards provided with an integrated circuit chip; electronics; perfumes; and malt beer.
Mozambique's main exports to Mexico include: tobacco, ilmenite, modular circuits, modules band tuners, vermiculite, and dissected zoological specimens and their parts.
Mark Burkhalter (born December 12, 1960) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1993 to 2011.
Susan H. Hildreth is an American librarian, administrator, and educator who has led numerous libraries and library agencies in addition to teaching at the University of Washington Information School.
Between 2011 and 2015 she served as the director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), the principal US federal funding agency for libraries and museums.
She also worked for the Placer County Library and Sacramento Public Library before becoming director of the San Francisco Public Library in 2001.
Her tenure at SPL was shortlived as she was appointed by President Barack Obama to serve as director of IMLS in 2011.
She was nominated to the position in 2010, and her appointment was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 22, 2010.
During her four year term at IMLS, Hildreth oversaw an annual budget of $250M; the agency awarded over $850M to US libraries and museums.
She was the 2006-2007 president of the Public Library Association, the largest professional association supporting nearly 10,000 public library professionals in the US and Canada.
In 2016, Hildreth was named as the winner of the Internet2 Richard Rose Award for contributions throughout her career to bringing broadband connectivity to citizens through libraries.
She holds a Master’s degree in Library Science from the State University of New York at Albany in 1973, as well as a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Rutgers University.
The men's circle sepak takraw competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok was held from 18 to 19 December at the Indoor Stadium Huamark.
Copies are installed outside Shinjuku I-Land Co, Ltd., in Tokyo, Japan, and at the Parrish Art Museum in Watermill, New York.
The program is hosted by Rebel Wilson and features ten professional dog stylists competing in a series of themed challenges revealing transformations of beloved pets.
Sahel Sounds is an American record label, based in Portland, which specializes in music from the southern part of the Sahara desert.
As an effort to steer clear of cultural appropriation, he claims complete transparency about finances, and divides all profits equally between the group and the label.
With the world’s largest production of cacao and cashew nuts, Côte d’Ivoire is one of the leading economic powers in West Africa.
From its independence from France, Côte d’Ivoire developed a relatively stable and prosperous economy centred on the production and export of commodities such as cacao and coffee, and a network of clientelistic relations.
Côte d'Ivoire's first President, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, developed an economic system founded on the extraction and redistribution of agricultural rents, mainly coming from the cocoa-coffee industry.
Nevertheless, the 1970's global monetary shocks and the drop in value of basic commodities in international markets induced the Ivorian government to borrow extensively.
Côte d'Ivoire's growing problem with foreign deficit eventually led to the intervention of France, and later on the IMF, to stabilize the economy.
In the 1990's, with the encouragement of the IMF, Côte d'Ivoire implemented nationwide monetary and macroeconomic reforms targeting clientelistic networks and reducing the role of the state in the economy.
However, in 2000, following the controversial election of Laurent Gbagbo, a civil war split the country between the Muslim rebel-held North and the Government controlled Christian South, leading to large-scale violence and instability.
Gbagbo’s refusal to leave power triggered post-elections violence, but with Ouattara’s mandates, Côte d'Ivoire went back to relative political and economic stability.
The Ivorian economy indeed expanded by an average of 8% since the end of the political crisis in 2011, making Côte d’Ivoire one of the fastest growing economies in West Africa.
Côte d’Ivoire is in the CFA Franc Zone, a former French colonial monetary zone created in 1939, which now gathers 14 Sub-Saharan countries using the CFA Franc.
As a result of decolonization, the CFA was further reformed with the creation of two monetary zones and their respective Central Banks, which got to control 35% of the reserves while 65% remained in the French Treasury.
Indeed, the CFA arrangements enabled French authorities to directly finance external deficits and impose some soft disinflationary adjustments, which dissuaded former colonies to go toward the IMF’s harsher lending conditions.
As a result of the drop in value of agricultural products in international markets in the late 1970’s, the indebtedness that resulted from monetary shocks, and the failure of the cacao war, Ivorian authorities agreed with the IMF on a first program of structural adjustment in 1981.
Scholars have argued that at the time Côte d’Ivoire was lacking the legal institutions necessary to enable the switch from a national monopoly to a neoliberal system fully opened to international multinationals.
The structural changes affected former interest structures, and the ending of the state's protection of domestic industries made small-scale peasants vulnerable to international competition.
The resulting social instability participated in triggering the nationwide movement of peasants’ riots and demonstrations that spread across the country in 2004.
The IMF’s structural adjustment programs in Côte d’Ivoire have involved privatization waves, including the privatization of the cacao industry, Côte d’Ivoire’s top export industry.
The EFF provides assistance to countries experiencing payments imbalances because of structural impediments or a slow growth and a weak balance of payments position.
The three-year ECF/EFF arrangements in Côte d'Ivoire were first approved by the IMF Executive Board in December 2016 with a total access of SDR 650.4 million, equivalent to 100 percent of Côte d’Ivoire’s quota.
In June 2019, the IMF’s Executive Board completed its fifth reviews under the ECF/EFF arrangements, and agreed to the immediate disbursement of additional SDR 96.786 million, bringing current disbursements to SDR 553.6 million.
In Côte d'Ivoire, the ECF/EFF arrangements consist mainly in macroeconomic policies and structural reforms aiming to increase tax revenue mobilization in order to address infrastructure needs and reduce budget deficit.
They also include fiscal reforms aimed at consolidating Côte d’Ivoire’s banking sector and making its business climate more inclusive for private investment.
In October 2019, the IMF staff completed a mission to evaluate Côte d'Ivoire's current economic climate and completion of IMF programs.
The report emphasized the resilience and strength of the Ivorian economy in the last few years, despite a deteriorating external environment.
It evaluated the performance of Ivorian authorities under IMF-supported programs and highlighted that Côte d’Ivoire met all performance criteria for end-June 2019, and all but one of the structural benchmarks on public finance management, public enterprise monitoring, and tax policy and administration.
The report acknowledged Côte d'Ivoire's encouraging position regarding the reduction of its budget deficit to 3.0% of GDP, as well as efforts to restructure the public sector and diversify exports.
Moreover, it confirmed the one-year program expansion of fiscal policy measures to 2020 in order for Côte d’Ivoire to meet the 3.0 percent of GDP deficit objective.
It also formalized the IMF's agreement with national authorities to continue domestic revenue mobilization efforts and the implementation of policies to create space to finance the National Development Program (2016 - 2020), a national development plan aimed at consolidating Côte d'Ivoire's industrial sector and reduce poverty.
Over the past 41 years that this partnership has existed, the Maldives has garnered $295 million in support spread throughout 32 projects.
Although the Maldives does not possess a significant amount of land or a large population, there are still many areas that need attention to ensure the safety of citizens and tourists, and the efficiency of the economy.
Most tourists are naive to the threat of terrorism in the country due to the rise of Authoritarianism, Religious conflicts, and domestic conflicts.
The resort based islands tend to be safe areas for tourists, but rising Terrorism concerns can have severe effects on the Maldives Economy as it is heavily influenced by tourism.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami is a prime example of this risk and the effects it can have on the country.
Many World Bank projects have focused on this threat including the Maldives Environmental management Project (2008), Sustainable Fisheries Resource Development Project (2017), and Maldives Clean Environment Project (2017).
Currently the World Bank strategy for assistance in the Maldives revolves around three core objectives: promoting economic opportunities, building resilience to climate change, and strengthening Fiscal sustainability.
The most recent World Bank project in the Maldives, approved on July 1, 2019, involves increasing budget capability, strengthening policy framework, and preventing harmful effects of natural disasters and climate change.
This table displays a list of the most important projects that have previously taken place, or are currently active in the Maldives ranging from commitments of $13.15 million to $20 million.
The World Bank has also played a significant role in assisting the Maldives to increase foreign trade and speed up development.
Additionally the Maldives has seen a reduction in the fiscal deficit, thanks to the Ministry of Finance, and more sustainability projects.
New projects are expected to be introduced in the coming years as the partnership between the World Bank and the Maldives continues to thrive.
Franziska Schutzbach studied sociology, media studies and gender studies at the University of Basel and graduated in 2008 with a masters degree.
She sits on the board of Terre des Femmes Switzerland and is one of the members of the Basel-Stadt Equality Commission.
By 1830 there were enough families there to form a vibrant and close-knit Irish community that desired its own place of worship.
Most of the future parishioners of St. John's worked across theriver in the brownstone quarries of Portland and the owners of the quarries donated large blocks of brownstone to help build the first church.
Since St. John's was built back in 1843 and the Diocese of Norwich was not created until August 06, 1953 by Pope Pius XII the Church is the oldest Church in the Diocese (as it actually pre-dated it) and is lovingly known as the Mother Church of the Diocese.
The imposing 1843 Irish influenced ecclesiastical Gothic Revival church building was designed by architect, Patrick Charles Keely and it was built by local Irish immigrants that were led by prominent local builder Barzialli Sage.
The original church that was completed in 1843 was just a small church building and the existing spire for the Church was erected in 1864.
The interior walls of the Church were frescoed by William Borgett, a local artist and there have been several interior renovations over the years.
The convent is no longer in use and it is believed that the building was bulldozed but the location of the convent is unknown.
The school merged with the other local parochial elementary school to form St. Pope John Paul II Regional Diocesan Elementary School which still operates today were it still serves students from PreK to 8th Grade.
The original cemetery is located directly behind the church and the newer cemetery is located on Prospect Street and High Street in Middletown.
The Parishes of St. Sebastian and St. John share a Priest so Daily Mass and Sunday Masses are held at both Parishes.
Rabbi David Altschuler of Prague (1687-1769), also known as Baal haMetzudot, was a Jewish Bible commentator, author of a classic commentary to Nevi'im and Ketuvim in the Hebrew Bible.
David's son Yechiel Hillel Altschuler also served as rabbi of Yavoriv, and finished his father's great work, and traveled extensively in Europe in order to publish and spread it.
David published the commentary as one work, but Yechiel divided it into two works: Metzudat David which explains the meaning of the verses, and Metzudat Tzion which explains individual words and phrases.
In time the Metzudot became one of the basic commentaries on Nach, printed in most editions of the Hebrew Bible with commentators.
He was Pigott-McCone Endowed Chair of Humanities between 1991 and 1994 and the president of the North American Society of Philosophical Hermeneutics (2012–2015).
The oldest building in the district is from the 1840s, shortly after the city was incorporated, while the newest contributing building is from 1928.
Nearly every popular architectural style of the period is included within the district, with older styles such as Greek Revival and Italianate being especially prevalent.
While Waukegan expanded considerably and became an industrial port city in the twentieth century, the district is largely undisturbed by both industry and modern construction.
It is the main altarpiece of the chapel of Sant'Andrea Avellino in the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle in Rome, Italy.
As he began to celebrate the miracle of the Eucharist, he was stricken with apoplexy (stroke) and would soon after die.
The depiction of the lower figures were completed by Lanfranco putatively in 8 days in order to be complete for his beatification by Pope Urban VIII in 1624.
The canvas originally was taller, and the superior arch of it was detached in the 19th-century when the altar was rebuilt.
Ultimately, the addition of the heavens above asserts the posthumous inclusion of Avellino, the second most prominent Theatine preacher, among the blessed.
When practicing in Gießenm, Hänel achieved national recognition because she was accused of advertising for the abortion of pregnancy and sentenced to a fine.
She appealed, winning the appeal after a change in the Criminal Code made it possible for her to list abortions as a procedure she conducts on her website.
Nicola Rotunno (1 December 1928 – 8 February 1999) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including stints as Apostolic Nuncio in Burundi, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, and Syria.
On 8 December 1987, Pope John Paul assigned him to the Secretariat of State; on 27 February 1988, he appointed Rotunno Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, allowing him to keep the personal title archbishop.
Morgan Creek rises in a pond on the Cane Creek and New Hope Creek divide about 0.5 miles northeast of Dodsons Crossroads, North Carolina.
Morgan Creek then flows southeast to meet New Hope Creek and forms the New Hope River in the B. Everett Jordan Lake Reservoir in Chatham County.
Morgan Creek drains of area, receives about 47.5 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 433.06, and has an average water temperature of 14.91°C.
Born into a wealthy, she obtained her degree in chemistry in 1930 at the University of Pavia and found work in Milan.
In 1942, she was arrested by the fascist police in Bergamo and sentenced to confinement in Sant'Angelo in Vado until 25 July 1943.
In the Constituent Assembly she fought in particular for the repeal of the article of the pre-Fascist laws that forbade women's access to the highest ranks of the Judiciary.
When during the debate over the new Italian constitution Piero Calamandrei argued against the equality of spouses and in favor of affirming the indissolubility of marriage, Rossi fired back that women were now a force in Italian politics and that those women intended to change the entire civil code.
She was also one of the main exponents of the , of which she will become president from 1947 to 1956.
The 1941 Morris Brown Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented Morris Brown College in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1941 college football season.
In their tenth, non-consecutive season under head coach Billy Nicks, the team compiled a 11–1 record, defeated in the Peach Blossom Bowl and Langston in the Vulcan Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 219 to 55.
Lloyd Nosler was an American film editor, director, and screenwriter who worked in Hollywood in from the 1910s through the 1950s.
During World War II, however, he used his editing skills to cut more than 200 service films while serving as a briefing officer in the U.S. Air Force.
These efforts have involved strategies aimed at reducing poverty, increasing social equity, improving the education system, healthcare system, and expanding social services to rural populations and underserved urban communities.
, the country has no outstanding balance with the IMF, as the country is pulling away from what they claim as foreign control of their economy.
With the overthrow of the mining elite, who dominated political life in Bolivia, the new government had the task of reorganizing the economy, in turn they decided to create an economy that is fair, therefore increased spending on public programs, plus nationalized key industries, like mining, and oil.
This generated growth in the economy, as commodities like tin, were paid well and were necessary for the creation of finished goods in other states, therefore frequent customers.
High government spending and an influx of foreign capital as well as actual growth, allowed the Bolivian economy to have impressive growth rates.
By 1974, there was a surplus of 8.5% in GPD, mismanagement of growth by failing to re-invest in the economy caused future problems for the state.
As the economy is not strong enough to fund these programs, the government turns to foreign loans from banks and public institutions.
A decline in tax collection and the accumulation of foreign loans forced the state to find alternate ways to finance the deficit.
The government responded by printing large sums of money to finance the deficit, which led to high levels of inflation; by 1985 the inflation was around 11,750 percent.
This is turn creates more problems, as citizens are unwilling to hold to the Bolivian Peso due to instability of its value.
Bolivian banks begin to pay out in dollars, as citizens feared the peso was worthless as its value fluctuated with an unpredictable market.
The government was no longer in direct control of the country's currency, in order to slow down inflation, the government attempts to devalue the Peso, and imposes Dollarization programs to buy back the foreign capital and replace it with pesos.
After the Bolivian government expelled its executive in 1978, the IMF and Bolivia began contracting a potential plan to re-stabilize the economy.
The IMF, however, pulled out, as they did not believe that the government was strong enough to enforce the changes needed to revitalize the economy.
With a deteriorating economy, high debt, and high inflation, the Bolivian state had no choice but to turn to the IMF.
Under the Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF), the IMF approved a deal on June 19, 1986 that aimed to help stabilize Bolivia's economy.
Along with many other nations, Bolivia participated in the Brady Plan restructuring agreements of the 1980s, utilizing dollar denominated bond conversion mechanisms to resolve its debt crisis.
Apart from repaying the $96,800,000 loan, Bolivia was asked to reduce government spending, liberalize the economy by opening up trade, raise exports and reduce imports, and regain control of the inflation.
Bolivia was more or less successful in the implementation of most programs, even went as far as declaring a state of siege in order to keep control of the economy when opposition became strong.
Through this time frame, the IMF continued to lend large amounts of money to the Bolivian state, through the General Resources account as well as through the Poverty Reduction Trust, that lends only to the poorest member states of the IMF.
These loans were used to stabilize the Bolivian economy by providing much-needed capital to repay private loans, as well as revamp crucial economic practices.
From 1985 to 1999, the IMF had lent Bolivia around $458,093,000 SDR in combined general loans, and through the Poverty Reduction Trust.
Poor indebted states like Bolivia have struggled to balance their payments due to a high number of loans, both private and public.
The need to keep good credit to access new loans, to pay back old loans makes a cycle that keeps these states indebted.
In 1996 the IMF and World Bank created the HIPC Initiative (Heavily Indebted Poor Countries), that aimed to lower the high debts acquired by the poorest states in the world.
The conditions to obtaining such debt relief are similar to IMF conditions of loans, the state must continue to work at bettering its balance of payments and regulating inflation.
By 1990 IMF programs had successfully reduced 12 month inflation to 18%, by 1997 the government had reduced inflation to 7%.
The IMF continued to regularly provide analyses evaluating the performance of Bolivia's domestic financial institutions, including in its domestic bank restructuring and reforming pension schemes.
The programs by the IMF and the Bolivian government affected a large portion of Bolivia's poor, in order to better conditions, the government planned to increase spending on education, health care, improve the efficiency of governmental programs, and better the education system by paying teachers based on their merit, to increase the quality of instructors.
Opening up trade networks to other states also left small Bolivian companies at a disadvantage where people were let go do to foreign competitors, leading to unemployment.
In this time period, the IMF disbursed around $139,536,500 SDR in loans, aimed to continue the progress created by previous programs.
The strategy was to continue to reduce inflation, reduce poverty by increasing spending in social programs, privatize all remaining government-owned companies, decrease participation in the informal economy, and better governmental institutions such as the judiciary branch.
A big problem of the 1980s was that Bolivia simply had no foreign currency to repay debts, spiraling them into further debt, the IMF looked to stop this from happening again.
Reforming the Tax system was another goal of the Bolivian government, modernizing the tax system to improve the liberalization of domestic markets was crucial to continue repaying back lefty loans as well as keeping up with spending on social programs.
An important feature was phasing out the financial transaction taxes that affected business transactions in Bolivia, as well as increase the efficiency of the tax collection system.
Although inflation and positive growth was standard throughout most of the 1990s through the early 2000s, overall IMF policy did not lead to a complete turn of the Bolivian economy.
The Bolivian government remained inefficient and unwilling to impose unpopular reforms; the government also struggled with corruption and political interference by the people and opposition to the reforms.
The IMF also failed to force the state to implement all proposed programs, as well as increase government productivity by forcing the state to implement legislation that would improve efficiency.
The IMF's failures of forcing the state to comply with previously agreed programs reached peaks starting 2001 through 2004, where a large number of points in the performance criteria were not met, compared to the previous years where most if not all reach minimum satisfactory remarks.
The Bolivian economy stops it's 4% growth trend and begins to contract, by 1999 growth in GDP was reduced to .4%.
In December 2005, Bolivia was one of 19 countries to receive 100% debt relief as a consequence of the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative.
With the aid from this initiative, the Bolivian government paid off its loans to the IMF through repurchases and repayments between 2005 and 2007.
No new arrangements have been made with the IMF since 2005, Bolivia however continued its battle with reducing poverty as well as balance out the economy.
Without the IMF's support, Bolivia's GDP and Foreign revenues have grown steadily, GDP has grown consistently at around 4.8% from 2004 to 2017.
Growth however, has not been supported by a similar programs prescribed by the IMF, instead the state has once again nationalized key industries and kept up with social spending to improve the lives of its citizens, in turn reducing extreme poverty.
The IMF continues to evaluate the Bolivian economy's economic performance, citing its hydrocarbon and mining export performance as responsible for growth economic growth and fiscal revenue.
Discontentment with austerity measures and privatization has resulted in protests that have been met with the use of state emergency measures.
In 2000, large waves of protests erupted from rural Bolivians over public sector cutbacks, a decline in per capita income, and a rising rates of unemployment.
With the election of Evo Morales to the Bolivian Presidency in 2006, the Bolivian government pursued economic growth and financial stability with the intent to reduce its relationships to international lending institutions, specifically the IMF and World Bank.
He converted to Eastern Catholicism and saw the turbulent times of the attempts of union of the Syriac Orthodox Church with the Church of Rome during the reigns of the Syriac Patriarchs of Antioch Ignatius Andrew Akijan (1662–1677) and Ignatius Gregory Peter VI Shahbaddin (1679–1702).
After Patriarch Shahbaddin's arrest by the Ottoman authorities and eventual death in prison on 4 March 1702, on 23 November 1703, Isaac Basilios Joubeir was elected as new Patriarch.
The following is a list of squads for each nation competing in 2019 EAFF E-1 Football Championship (women) in Busan, South Korea.
Established in 1991, the SIHH was a deliberate attempt by Cartier, along with Baume & Mercier, Piaget, Gérald Genta and Daniel Roth, to create a more exclusive trade show dedicated to fine watchmaking.
Mainly attended by Richemont group brands, the SIHH is considered as one of the major shows for luxury watches (beside Baselworld).
In October 2019, FHH announced that for its 30th edition (2020), SIHH would change its name to Watches & Wonders Geneva and would be held in successive weeks with Baselworld until 2024.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 28 October 1911 because the Elections and Qualifications Committee declared that the election of John Perry (b 1849) at the by-election on 16 August 1911 was void.
Perry had been declared as winning the seat, with a margin of 3 votes and 91 informal votes, and William Ashford challenged the result before the Elections and Qualifications Committee.
The provision for a tie only referred to the returning officer as having a casting vote, and he had already concluded his task in returning the writ.
In enzymology, a staphylopine synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reductive condensation of pyruvate to the intermediate (2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}butanoate, which is the last step in the biosynthesis of the metallophore staphylopine.
He entered the Vidyalankara Pirivena in 1942 to study Sinhalese and Sanskrit and in 1944, he entered the Indigenous Medical College to study Ayurveda medicine.
He contested the 1960 July general elections and the 1965 general elections from the Wattala electorate, but was defeated by the United National Party candidate Shelton Jayasinghe.
He was a professor at New York University between 1965 and 1969 before moving to Columbia University, where he finished his teaching career.
He also spent one summer playing minor league baseball for the Bartlesville Indians and Chanute Browns of the Kansas State League in 1906.
He served as the head football coach at Whitworth University in Spokane, Washington (1907–1908) and North Dakota State University (then known as the North Dakota Agricultural School) from 1909 to 1912.
The fact he spent more than three years in office means he was the longest-serving president of the regional state in the first two decades of its creation.
The women's singles competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 3 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
His blue-collar parents stressed the importance of a college education and sent him to Europe with the American Institute of Foreign Study at the age of sixteen.
In 1990, he was a member of Texas State’s national championship-winning team in the American Advertising Federation's annual National Student Advertising Competition and graduated from the Texas State University Honors College with a degree in journalism.
Bills pursued Master’s courses in American literature at Texas State and the University of Texas at Arlington, but never completed a graduate degree.
Commission officials criticized Hollie-Jawaid’s application, variously claiming it was unprofessional, based on rumors, antagonistic and, finally, too focused on negative history rather than positive.
Hollie-Jawaid subsequently petitioned the Texas State Historical Commission directly and, on January 29, 2015, the Commission unanimously approved the Slocum Massacre historical marker application with a score of 98 on a 100-point scale.
When it was placed and dedicated on January 16, 2016, it became the first state of Texas historical marker to specifically acknowledge racial violence against African Americans.
Bills and Hollie-Jawaid continue to work on locating and gaining access to the unmarked mass graves that still contain the remains of victims of the Slocum Massacre.
The 1951 Morris Brown Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented Morris Brown College in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1951 college football season.
In their second season under head coach Edward Clemons, the team compiled a 10–1 record, defeated in the Tropical Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 449 to 56.
The movement, which emerged in early 1933, was founded primarily by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, writer Rafael Sánchez Mazas, and aviator Julio Ruiz de Alda.
On 29 October 1933, in the midst of an electoral campaign, the MES held a rally at the Teatro de la Comedia in Madrid and re-founded itself as the Falange Española.
The Falange Española would be succeeded by the Falange Española de las JONS, which was itself merged in April 1937 into the FET y de las JONS, which backed Francisco Franco as leader of Spain.
Warrick 'Waka' Attewell is a New Zealand cinematographer who over a long career has worked on many notable film and television productions.
Independently and through his production company Valhalla Films, Attewell has filmed and directed short films, features, documentary, music video's and commercials.
Attewell has also worked with many well known New Zealand personalities and entertainers including briefly with Billy T James on a commercial.
The previous season had seen manager John Smith quit only two matches into the league programme for a new job outside football.
But the Dundalk board that had taken control of the club in the summer of 1973 had already exhausted its available funding, and McLaughlin had been obliged to see what could be salvaged of the season with Smith's squad.
Going into the new season, he retained the players who had impressed, and signed a number of players who had been on the fringe at their clubs or were coming from non-League sides – reflecting the limited budget he was operating under.
The league schedule got under way on 5 October 1975, and saw a number of formerly successful clubs, such as Waterford, Cork Celtic and Cork Hibernians, all bring in fading stars from England – Bobby Charlton, George Best, Geoff Hurst and Rodney Marsh – in a bid to entice back the support they had lost as their fortunes had ebbed.
Meanwhile Dundalk, needing no circus acts, were soon in a two-way tussle with Finn Harps at the top of the table.
Struggling for goals early on, the signing of Terry Flanagan from Bohemians in November, after what would be their only defeat of the season, allowed them to press on.
A 2–0 victory in a top of the table clash away to Finn Harps in February, in which Flanagan scored both goals, saw Dundalk go clear in the table.
They were knocked out in the first round of the FAI Cup a week later, but they dropped only two points in the League subsequently, before clinching the title by beating Cork Hibernians at home in front of a packed Oriel Park with a game to spare.
Stiller began his culinary career in 1983 with a 2.5-year apprenticeship at Restaurant Endtenfang at the Hotel Fürstenhof, in his hometown of Celle, Germany.
Before joining mandatory army service, Stiller staged for several months at Restaurant Goldener Pflug in Cologne, the second restaurant in Germany to receive 3 Michelin stars.
In 1998, Stiller moved to Deidesheim, a wine town in Southern Germany, and took over as chef-de-cuisine at the 1-Michelin-starred Restaurant Schwarzer Hahn in the Hotel Deidesheimer Hof.
This was Gasthaus zur Kanne, a historic property built in 1374, and home to the oldest restaurant in the area, which opened in 1532.
A year later, Stiller opened his own fine dining restaurant in this building, named Restaurant Grand Cru, and received a Michelin star just a few months after opening.
In 2004, Stiller moved to Shanghai, China with his family, and became executive chef first at Club Shanghai, and then at Mimosa Supperclub from 2005 to 2007.
Aside from an 80-seat, upscale bistro-style restaurant and a rooftop bar, Stiller's was also a cooking school, where Stiller personally gave cooking lessons to the public.
In 2012, Stiller became partner of La Cocotte Restaurant in Hangzhou, China, a new concept restaurant for Staub cocottes, where he helped develop the restaurant concept and manage the project.
In 2016, Stiller opened the Taian Table concept in a small space on Tai'an Road in Shanghai, which received a Michelin star 5 months after opening.
During the preparation for a Bocuse d'Or press conference in 2009, which would be held at his Shanghai restaurant Stiller's, he discovered that there was no candidate for China in the Asia-Pacific regional selection.
Under Stiller's guidance, Team China placed second in that year's Asia-Pacific Continental Selection, and qualified for the Finale in Lyon, France in 2011.
In it, Gedgaudas talks about his theory that the Balts, or Lithuanians, inhabited the entirety of Europe, and that the Goths were actually a Baltic people.
It is considered a pseudohistoric work, and the linguist Zigmas Zinkevičius classifies Gedgaudas, Jurate Rosales and Aleksandras Račkus as being in the same school of thought.
Gedgaudas accepted the authenticity of the works of the historian Hinnibaldus on the Franks in the 5th century, who said that the Trojan War happened in 1179 B.C.
Gedgaudas, upon seeing in the names of Frankish kings an indication of their closeness to the Baltic peoples, identified the Franks with the Cimmerians (although the original text is lost, there is a partial copy, including a summary of the works of Johannes Trithemius).
He defended the theory that the Hyperborean gods in Greco-Roman mythology (Apollo, the Muses, Latvia, Thetis, Diana, Ganymede Proteus, Ceres, and Ares) had Baltic origins.
He was member of the Senate of Ceylon, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance (1948-1950) and Chairman, Public Service Commission.
He served as a member of the Delimitation Commission that demarcated the Parliamentary Constituencies under the Soulbury Constitution and was a member of the Cadres Commission.
In 1947, he was appointed to the Senate of Ceylon and made the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Education, before being made the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance which he served until 1950, when he was succeeded by L. L. Hunter.
Jansz was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1946 New Year Honours for colonial administrative service on his retirement and was knighted in the 1953 New Year Honours as a Knights Bachelor.
During her childhood, she was captivated by the sight of seeing a politician using a helicopter to attend a political gathering in her native village, which inspired her to become a pilot.
Hari Bhushan Singh, who is her father, is the principal of a girls-only government school constructed on land donated by Shivangi's great grandfather, who donated it to enable people to overcome the conservative abhorrence of educating girls.
In June 2018, she was commissioned into the Indian Navy.￼ She undertook two successive six month courses; first the Naval Orientation Course at the Indian Naval Academy, and the second at Air Force Academy where she trained on the Pilatus PC 7 MkII aircraft.
In the six months prior to December 2019, she learnt flying the Dornier aircraft at the Indian Naval Air Squadron 550.
She is slated to subsequently become an operational pilot on Maritime Reconnaissance (MR) aircraft after completing her training, as of December 2019.
Upon the death of her father, the town's blacksmith and active socialist, she moved to Rufina, with her mother's family, then to Florence to continue her studies.
As a teacher, she encounters difficulties and obstacles, to the point of losing her job, due to disagreements with her superiors on her independent way of conducting lessons, for example her desire not to neglect Jewish culture and civilization.
In June 1942 she returned to Italy and, after a brief period in which he settled again in Rufina, she returned to Florence after the fall of Mussolini.
She took part in the meetings of the Action Party, the spread of anti-fascist leaflets and in arms transport for the partisans.
In 1945 she joined the Socialist Proletarian Unity Party of Giuseppe Saragat and Pietro Nenni and collaborated with various political journals.
She was a friend of Angelica Balabanoff and shared her aspiration for women's emancipation and her pessimism about the backward position of the country.
In the elections of June 2, 1946, she was among the 21 women out of 556 members elected to the Constituent Assembly.
In January 1947 she followed the Saragat group in the split of Palazzo Barberini which gave birth to the new Italian Democratic Socialist Party.
From the fifties she devoted himself to the study of educational issues and to the creation of the School of Europe of Monte Senario, a model institute for elementary and middle school children.
From 1970 to 1975 she was elected municipal councilor of Florence on the PSDI lists, holding the office of deputy mayor.
Following images drawn from the first section, the second section introduces people trying to talk to each other but they cannot; no nation is mentioned on the postal stamps because the region is disputed.
The third section has the narrator taking on the role of a muezzin, calling people to him to buy stamps before he is gone.
The letter described an incident in Jawahar Nagar, Srinagar, where Irfan Hassan saw heaps of letters in a post office, and found many letters addressed to him and Shahid's father, sent by Shahid.
A 2016 cultural evening organised in Jawaharlal Nehru University against the judicial killings of two Kashmiri separatists, which led to the sedition row involving Kanhaiya Kumar, was titled 'The Country Without a Post Office'.
Soon after the revocation of Article 370 in 2019 and the bifurcation of the state, Carnatic musician T. M. Krishna recited Shahid's poem.
Rabbi Albert E. (Abraham) Gabbai is an American Orthodox rabbi, serving as the Rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue Congregation Mikveh Israel since 1988.
Following the Six-day war in 1967, Gabbai who was 18 years old at the time was arrested and sent to prison in Egypt for three years.
Like many of the Jews in Egypt, their culture was French and Gabbai attended the Collège de la Salle (French Catholic School).
He and the rest of the family were awaiting visas to be permitted to leave Egypt the Six-day war broke out.
After the war broke out, and before they could leave Gabbai and his three brothers were rounded up by the secret service and put in prison camps.
First, they took two of his older brothers in June 1967 and a few weeks later they came back for him and another brother.
There was no due process, no charges, no trial, and no right to an attorney,they remained in prison till June of 1970.
In the beginning they were in a prison camp in Abu Zaabal for six Months and it was very bad, He and his brothers feared that they were going to be killed, And their mother was told they were dead .And after six months they were taken to a prison camp in Tora there it became more relaxed.
They were taken from the prison camp directly to the airport, there was no time to stop at home to collect their possessions and were flown to Paris.
Mount Wheeler was named in 1904 for Arthur Oliver Wheeler (1860-1945), a Dominion Land Surveyor who made the first ascent of the peak, and co-founder and first president of the Alpine Club of Canada.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Wheeler is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The Latin root of the word stems from iris, presumably as many of both of the monocot genera are renowned for their bright yellow flowers.
Its most notable characteristics are its yellow flowers, its twisting stems, and the wavy margins found on the bracts of its inflorescence.
The blade is 1 mm broad and thick; its base sheathing being 4-6 cm long; and the main stalk, coming from the roots, is between 15 and 55 cm long.
The flower head is broader towards the top, almost forming a globe, the lateral sepals are turned inwards and rough in texture.
This includes, but is not limited to Western button grass moorland,sparse button grass moorland on slopes, pure button grass moorland and button grass moorland with emergent shrubs.
The depth of the peat substrate in Tasmanian button grass moorlands greatly vary and can sometimes be eroded to only 1cm thick.
Characteristically the soils are infertile and drain poorly yet contain approximately 272 vascular plant species, of which one third are endemic to Tasmania.
The Carlyle-Blakey Farm, in Barrow County, Georgia near Winder, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
It is notable as the site of a prominent agricultural reform demonstration in 1948, which addressed a huge problem in Georgia agriculture.
An extreme example was the development of what became known as the Providence Canyon, from growth of a farm gully into a 150-foot-deep canyon, even becoming a state park.
The farm is notable for the unusual event on May 12, 1948:when the farm (then 168 acres) was chosen as the site of a Master Conservation Field Day.
Sponsored by the Oconee River Soil Conservation District, The Atlanta Journal, and the Civic Clubs of Winder, this massive one-day effort involving hundreds of men and machines transformed the badly eroded and depleted farm into a model of efficient and productive land management.
The fence lines and re-configured demarcations for cropland, pasture, woodland, house lots, and ponds are all still starkly evident on aerial views today.
The terracing from 1948 can be seen on the ground in several of the fields on the western half of the property.
Most of the buildings and structures are clustered near the road and the 1.75-acre pond in the northeast quadrant of the property.
These include the Blakey's mid-20th-century house (non-contributing due to major alterations), two barns, two sheds, a chicken house, a creek-side baptismal pool, and a small pump house.
A metal utility barn/equipment shed is the sole building that was constructed during the conservation field day, and is therefore the only contributing resource other than the site itself.
It is located at 568 GA 211 NW, on the west side of Thompson Hill Road (Highway 211), 568 Georgia State Highway 211, Northwest, about northwest of Winder.
He served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance (1950-1953), being a member of the Senate of Ceylon (1950-1953) and the House of Representatives (1953-1956).
Taking the Civil Service Examination in 1914, he passed first in the order of merit and joined the Ceylon Civil Service as a cadet.
Having served in the Ceylon Civil Service from 1914 to 1936 in may parts of the island, he took early retirement in 1936 while serving as Government Agent of the North Central Province.
He was recalled to service in 1940, and served as Additional Director of Agriculture, Additional Land Commissioner and Government Agent of the Western Province, before his final retirement in 1950.
In the 1949 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George for Colonial Administrative Service.
In September 1950, Hunter was appointed to the Senate of Ceylon and made Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance succeeding Sir Herbert Eric Jansz and served in this capacity till June 1953.
In July 1953, he was appointed to the House of Representatives by the Governor-General as one of six members to represent important interests which were not represented or inadequately represented in the House.
Baird grew up in Colorado performing music, and studied theater and dance at the University of Utah, before moving to New York City where she performed on Broadway.
Baird continued to act in television and film after moving to Los Angeles in 1991, and became a member and teacher at The Groundlings, a troupe and Improvisational theatre school.
She studied theater and dance at University of Utah before later moving to New York City where she performed on Broadway and Off-Broadway.
From 1994 to 2000, Baird was a member and teacher at The Groundlings, an Improvisational and sketch comedy troupe and school in Los Angeles.
While at The Groundlings, Baird taught and performed with actors such as Will Ferrell, Kristen Wiig and Melissa McCarthy, becoming McCarthy's first improv teacher.
She joined the Italian Socialist Party and played an important leadership role from 1949, as well as militating for civil rights as a member of the Unione donne italiane along with her friend Giuliana Nenni.
In 1954, at the National Conference of Socialist Women, she defined emancipation as an issue common to all women, cutting across class lines.
Abū Rāfiʿ (Arabic: بو رافِع) (d. after 40/660-1) is a famous companion of Muhammad) and his servant who later was freed and became the head of the clan of Al Abi Rafi'.
When Abu Rafi' told the Prophet (s) that al-'Abbas embraced Islam, the Prophet (s) freed him as a reward of his good news.
He was among the Muslims who immigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) under the leadership of Ja'far ibn Abu Talib to get away from the hostility of pagans of Quraysh.
It's commonly believed that Abu Rafi' not only did not immigrate with the Prophet to Medina, but also stayed there until the Battle of Badr after which he joined the Prophet (s) in Medina.
After that he entered Medina, the Prophet (s) married him to his female slave –Salma- and 'Ubayd Allah was born from them.
When Mu'awiya from Syria and Talha and Zubayr from Basra rose up against Ali Ibn Talib caliphate, Abu Rafi' said that the Prophet had already foretold him this incident and said that Ali Ibn Talib is right and his opponents are wrong.
When he was 85, he sold his house and his lands in Khaybar and Medina and immigrated along with Ali Ibn Talib to Kufa.
In Kufa, he was appointed by Ali Ibn Talib as the treasurer of the treasury of Kufa and his two sons –'Ali and 'Ubayd Allah- started working as Imam's (s) scribes.
According to a narration, Abu Rafi' was alive in the time of Al-Hasan's caliphate and returned to Medina along with Imam al-Hasan after the martyrdom of Ali Ibn Talib.
Because Abu Rafi' had sold his land and house in Medina; when he returned to Medina, Imam al-Hasan (a) gave him a half of Imam 'Ali's house and a piece of land located on outskirts of Medina.
But according to a narration ,quoted by al-Najashi, he had relations with Hasan Ibn Ali and returned to Medina with him so he was alive after the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a) and lived more than 90 years.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they will be automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
The music video, directed and produced by Ian Darling, was released on 2 May and features Kelly and Sultan performing the track, with intermittent footage and sound bites of Adam Goodes' on and off-field triumphs.
The 2017 Southeast Asian Games opening ceremony was held in Bukit Jalil National Stadium on 19 August 2017 at 20:17 MST () which highlighted aspects of Malaysia's history and culture.
The ceremony was directed by film director Saw Teong Hin alongside the Memories Entertainment creative team with co-operation from the Malaysian Armed Forces.
The time 20:17 was chosen to start the opening ceremony to mark the year 2017, the year which Malaysia hosted the 29th Southeast Asian Games.
The ceremony started with the arrival of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Sultan Muhammad V. The national anthem of Malaysia, Negaraku was performed by the Malaysian Armed Forces band as the national flag was raised.
This was followed by the footage of few Malaysians of different ages and races paint their face with the colours of the games logo and the projection of the logo on the stage that resembles the shape of the Wau kite.
As per Southeast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF) protocol, the parade of athletes from all 11 competing nations started with Brunei leading the field in English alphabetical order and ended with the host nation, Malaysia entering the stadium last.
The 1980 Malaysian footballers James Wong, Santokh Singh and Shukor Salleh led the former athletes who carried the Games Federation flag and the games edition flag into the stadium which were raised by Malaysian Army Personnel.
The Federation flag was carried by Shalin Zulkifli, Ramachandran Munusamy, Nurul Huda Abdullah, Rabuan Pit, Sharon Low Su Lin, Rashid Sidek, Zaiton Othman and Jeffrey Ong Kuan Seng, while the Games Edition Flag was carried by Shanti Govindasamy, Shahrulneeza Razali, Elaine Teo Shueh Fern, Nur Herman Majid, Norsham Yoon, R. Jaganathan, Choo Yih Hwa and Nasri Nasir.
In keeping with tradition, welcoming speeches were given by the President of the Southeast Asian Games Federation Tunku Imran and Malaysia's Youth and Sports Minister Khairy Jamaluddin.
After that, the Games were officially declared open by the then Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Sultan Muhammad V. Later, Malaysian high jumper Nauraj Singh Randhawa was given the honour of taking the oath of sportsmanship on behalf of the athletes whilst Vice-President of the Olympic Council of Malaysia Datuk Megat Zulkarnain Tan Sri Omardin read out the oath behalf of Games officials.
A total of 6,000 people were involved in the showcase consisting of performers, volunteers, children and members of the armed forces.
A video about the nationwide torch relay held months after the region's baton relay and months before the games was shown.
After that, the torch of the Games was carried into the stadium by five group of Malaysia's former and current generation of sportsmen and sportswomen, each with three person: 1 former sportsman and 2 current sportsmen.
The torch bearers are: Siti Safiyah, Kenny Ang and Muhammad Rafiq Ismail of bowling, Mohd Shah Firdaus, Ng Joo Ngan and Fatehah Mustapa of cycling, Mohd Faizal Shaari, Mirnawan Nawawi and Hanis Nadihah Onn of Hockey, Khairul Hafiz Jantan, Mohd Zaki Sadri and Khirtana Ramasamy of athletics, Chan Peng Soon, Razif Sidek and Goh Jin Wei of Badminton.
Bryan Nickson Lomas and Pandelela Rinong of Diving passed the torch to rising diving star Nur Dhabitah Sabri, who then was suspended by wires and at a distance, she lit the cauldron afterwards.
The cauldron's design was inspired by the traditional Malaysian oil torches used to welcome guests during festivals, and was to symbolise national unity.
It had five spokes inscribed with the Rukun Negara and the colour gold served to honour Malaysia's monarch, as well as a nod to the highest award at the biennial games.
The ceremony concluded with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong leaving the stadium and Malaysian Armed Forces performing the national anthem, Negaraku for the second time.
The first game in 1951 was organized by Jacksonville businessmen after the 1951 Florida A&M Rattlers football team neglected to play a game in Jacksonville.
Krabi (also, Krabi küla), is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County, Estonia, on the border with Latvia, near the town of Rõuge.
The village has a library, an inn and a restaurant and several shops, with one located in the former manor's granary.
The current special needs student population at Krabi School is 65 children who come from all over Estonia, with most of them boarding at the school.
The school was closed in the autumn of 2017 following a criminal investigation into allegations of physical abuse of the students.
The director of the school, Ale Sprenk, was charged and prosecuted in a four day trial, but was acquitted of the charges in court in January 2019.
The sanctuary is located mainly between the hills on the south, west and east side and Manu and Kushiara river plains on the north.
The Bangladesh Government and the United States Agency for International Development implemented a project called 'Management of Aquatic ecosystems through Community Husbandry' from 1998 to 2008.
The area has a tropical monsoon climate with a mean annual precipitation of , most of which falls from June to September.
She and her siblings grew up without much money, and would skip school and get part-time jobs to help support the family.
When she was 20 years old, she moved to Sapporo to attend junior high school, even though she was much older than her classmates.
She moved to Tokyo when she was 23, hoping that there would be less discrimination against Ainu there than in Hokkaido.
She worked as a waitress, and furthered her education by listening to the college students who came by and reading what they were reading.
A position for an Ainu counselor was made at Shinjuku's Metropolitan Economic Security Office, so that Ainu people could get help finding jobs.
Paulina Matysiak (born October 2, 1984) is a Polish local government official and political activist, serving on the national board of the democratic socialist Lewica Razem party and member of the 9th Sejm.
She completed her MA in Polish philology at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (2008), then her post-graduate studies in 20th century philosophy at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw (2011) and ethics at the Nicolaus Copernicus University (2015).
A Bachata version of the song is included on the album and a Bachata remix version featuring Costa Rican singer Debi Nova was released on December 3, 2018.
The song was released on September 15, 2018 on all digital platforms and a video was released on Gian Marco's official YouTube channel.
The video features Gian Marco and Debi Nova in a studio singing the song acoustically while Gian Marco plays the guitar.
Between the 1940s until the 1960s, Nesbitt actively led a career as a fashion illustrator for leading magazines and newspapers including Harpers Bazaar, Mademoiselle, and the New York Times Magazine.
Nesbitt worked closely with Anibal Ambert and Merle English at Xerox Corporation and the company sponsored her art research from 1970 until 1972.
Her work is featured in various public art museum and library collections including, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Brooklyn Museum, Archives of American Art, National Museum of American History, Digital Public Library of America, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Frances Neady collection at Fashion Institute of Technology, among others.
Her death was recorded on audiotape during Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) surveillance on Zein Isa due to his association with Abu Nidal Organization (ANO).
He and his wife were both convicted for first-degree murder and sentenced to death; the husband died of disease before he could be executed, and the wife was later resentenced to life imprisonment and died in custody.
The youngest of seven siblings, she lived in a southern portion of the City of St. Louis in an apartment complex, and while in St. Louis was a student at Dewey Junior High School, and Roosevelt High School.
He first lived in the south of Brazil and met Maria Matias (born August 10, 1943), a native of Mato Grosso who had been born in Santa Catarina, while on a business trip to Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso.
They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina in fall 1963, then to Paterson, New Jersey, Areceibo, Puerto Rico, back to Rondonópolis, then to Cáceres, Mato Grosso; Tina was born in the state during this period.
Isa's ambitions were to become a pilot after taking aeronautical engineering courses; she intended to do this at Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, an institution of St. Louis University.
When her family learned that she, since January 1989, was engaged in a romantic relationship with a 20-year-old African-American man, the father became very angry with her.
Prior to the death, Zein made telephone calls stating that Tina had damaged the honor of his family and needed to die.
On the day of her death, she worked her first day at a Wendy's fast food restaurant; the family also disagreed with the idea of her not working for the family.
Initially, her parents criticized her for having the outside job and later stated a belief that she was doing something else instead of working.
Her mother had her buried in a bridal gown, stating that unmarried girls and women in Brazil who die are buried as such.
The family intentionally did not provide a notice of the funeral to a newspaper and ensured that only people from the family, the local Palestinian community and people from Beitin appeared at the funeral, and they expressly did not want Tina's boyfriend to attend.
A crucial factor in his trial was the fact that the FBI had bugged Zein's house on a FISA order in connection with his suspected terrorist activities, and as such, had recorded Tina's murder on an audio cassette.
This was especially important in confirming the fact that Maria was an active participant in the murder, and that Zein's claim of self-defense against Tina was false.
Zein had accused Tina of asking for $5,000 and for grabbing a knife before he did, and Isa's lawyers stated that she kicked him in the leg, which they stated had previously sustained injuries, and that she also had a meat cleaver as a weapon.
FBI officials stated that several of Isa's statements before the killing were empty threats, and that this is why the agency took no action before Tina died.
On April 1, 1993, Zein was indicted by the FBI in connection with his terrorist activities within the Abu Nidal Organization, and the federal prosecutors issuing the indictment accused Zein of killing Tina partly because he feared she could expose his ANO activities.
Zein was to be sent to Potosi Correctional Center in Potosi, Missouri while Maria was to be sent to the Jefferson City, Missouri-area Renz prison.
Maria's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment without parole; she died on April 30, 2014, in a Vandalia, Missouri, prison at the age of 70 from apparent natural causes.
As a result of the case some Palestinian people resident in the U.S. sent their children back to Palestine to avoid them undergoing Americanization.
The 2016 Pan American Cross Country Cup and 2016 NACAC Cross Country Championships took place on March 4, 2016. in Caraballeda, Venezuela.
Born in Kandy, Jonklaas qualified as a Proctor and Notary Public from the Ceylon Law College and started his practice in Kandy.
Born 1955 in Bremen, after two one-year internships at a machine factory and a bank, he studied mechanical engineering and later business administration with a focus on marketing and corporate history.
In 1995, the Bremen acquired the image archive, consisting of positives, negatives and rights of use, the photographer Gerhard Schammelt, mainly Lloyd-, Mercedes-Benz- and Volkswagen vehicles mapped.
Thus, Kurze was able to get the discounts and rights of the photographers Paul Botzenhardt (German and French automobiles), Rudolf Dodenhoff (various brands), Heinz Lutz (GDR vehicles), Walter Richleske (Borgward), Hans Saebens (various brands), Karl-Heinz Witte (Lloyd and Goliath) and Hermann Ohlsen (Architecture Bremen) acquire.
Today, his picture archive contains around 150,000 photos of automobiles from the 1950s and 1960s as well as the aerospace industry (Henrich Fockes Focke-Wulf company) in Bremen of the 20s and 30s.
The organization's present focus is on STEM and they operate their own science competitions for students in co-ed schools, Orthodox all-boys schools, and all-girls schools.
Innovation Day is a CIJE program that began in 2013, in which students from North American Jewish high schools present competing innovations within six categories.
One criticism of many programs is instructor turnover, especially in non-Orthodox schools, where an estimated 25% of those teaching are in their first year.
At midday on December 13, 2009, Steven Koecher (born November 1, 1979) got out of his car, parked at the end of a cul-de-sac in the Anthem neighborhood of Henderson, Nevada, United States, an action recorded on a nearby home's security camera.
After returning shortly afterwards, he retrieved something from the vehicle and walked away, with another security camera capturing his reflection in a car window.
Koecher's absence from his home, work, and church activities in St. George, Utah, was not noted for several days; eventually, the homeowners' association of Anthem, where he had parked, got in touch with his employer and then his parents about the abandoned car and he was reported missing.
Police had few leads at first since it appeared he had intended to return to St. George and did not appear to be involved in any criminal activities.
The reason for his trip to the Las Vegas area that day has never been determined; his family believes he was looking for work since he could not make the full rent payments on his apartment with the job he had.
Further investigation found credit card and cell phone receipts and witness statements showing that in the week prior to his disappearance, Koecher had been driving great distances around Utah and Nevada, including almost in one day.
The purpose of these trips is also unknown; on one he stopped to visit a former girlfriend's parents and had lunch at their house.
Josh Powell, a West Valley City man suspected of murder in his wife Susan's disappearance a week before Koecher's, argued along with his father and brother that the two cases were related, suggesting the two were romantically involved and ran off together.
After graduating from Amarillo High School in 1998, Koecher, a devout Mormon, attended first Ricks College (now Brigham Young University–Idaho) and later the University of Utah, where he received a degree in communications.
He remained there for another year and a half, with some articles he worked on receiving awards from the Utah Press Association.
The many temperature inversions in the Salt Lake City area that winter also bothered him, so after a year he decided to leave his job at the newspaper and relocate to St. George, in the warmer southwestern portion of the state.
It did not provide him with enough income to meet his expenses, and by November 2009 he was several months behind on his rent.
Greg Webb, the singles' ward president, claims the local electric utility was threatening to terminate Koecher's service for nonpayment, although his mother says that would have been the landlord's responsibility.
On December 10, 2009, Koecher apparently left St. George in the early morning hours and drove his 2003 Chevrolet Cavalier north on Interstate 15 to Salt Lake City, where he bought some gas with a debit card.
He then traveled west on Interstate 80 another to West Wendover, Nevada, where he again pulled off the highway to refuel.
Koecher had in the past dated Annemarie Neff and visited the ranch; he told her parents, who had not been expecting him, that he thought he would stop in to see her.
He told them he was on his way to visit family in Sacramento, California, but was not certain whether he could continue in that direction due to bad weather.
After two hours he left, and decided to return to St. George the way he had come, stopping to buy gas again in Salt Lake City and Springville, followed by dinner at a Nephi Taco Time.
The next day, while handing out flyers for his employer, Koecher encountered two young girls who had inadvertently been locked out of their family's apartment.
When she did not answer, he looked for someone in the neighborhood who could take them in temporarily, until someone arrived who could let them in.
The bishop was also trying to help him, and had promised Koecher he would have a job available by the beginning of 2010.
In the evening he bought gas and snacks at a convenience store in Mesquite, Nevada, along I-15 just over the Arizona state line.
Why Koecher went to Nevada that day is unknown; three hours after his Mesquite purchase Koecher bought a baby's bib and cookies, believed to be Christmas gifts for his brother and his family, whose names he had drawn in the family's annual Christmas gift exchange, at a Kmart outside St. George.
A neighbor of Koecher's recalled seeing him return to his apartment around 10 p.m. A half-hour later, he left again; while he was not seen to return later that night it was possible he could have.
The next morning, December 13, Webb called Koecher, saying he was on his way back from Las Vegas and feared he might not make it to St. George in time for the 11 a.m. service, asking if Koecher could lead it in his absence.
Another ward member called again later that morning with a similar request, which they dropped when Koecher told them where he was.
Neither he nor Webb asked Koecher why he had gone to the Las Vegas area that morning; they found nothing unusual about their conversations with him.
At 11:54 a.m., a home security camera on Savannah Springs Avenue in Sun City, a retirement community in the Anthem development in southern Henderson, records Koecher's Cavalier driving past it to the cul-de-sac where it was later found.
Six minutes later, a figure that seems to be Koecher (his family believes it is him), wearing a white shirt and slacks, walks the opposite direction down the sidewalk in front, carrying something in one hand that appears to be a file folder or portfolio.
Around 5 p.m. that day it pinged a tower at the intersection of Arroyo Grande Boulevard and American Pacific Drive, more than northeast of where he had parked.
Two hours after that, it pinged another tower near Henderson's Whitney Ranch subdivision, two miles (3.2 km) north of the previous ping.
The phone remained in that tower's vicinity for the next two days, suggesting that its battery died, and there has been no activity since.
A day after that last ping, Sun City's homeowners' association parking enforcement took note of the car at the end of the Savannah Springs cul-de-sac and tried to find its owner.
Through the windows they saw one of the flyers Koecher had been distributing for the window-washing company in St. George and called the number on it.
Later they called his mother; she returned their call on December 17, and, realizing no one else in the family had talked to him in a week and unable to locate him, reported him missing.
At one point, when employees at an International House of Pancakes told them that a man fitting Koecher's description had eaten there for three weeks straight, they themselves ate there for four nights.
Another employee eventually gave them a more detailed description of the man and his eating habits, which led the Koechers to conclude he was not Steven.
A local dairy put Koecher's picture on a milk carton, and the LVMPD put a video with information on the case on its YouTube channel.
In April 2010, another party of searchers scoured the open desert south of the Henderson Executive Airport to the west of where Koecher had parked in response to a tip passed along to a former LVMPD officer working as a private investigator for the family.
Members of the WebSleuths Internet forum also took up the case; they assembled a timeline of events in the case based on newspaper accounts and social media posts by family and friends.
In 2015, a local search and rescue group organized another effort, this time going high up the hills south of Anthem, on a different theory of what Koecher might have been doing.
Koecher's family believes, given his financial circumstances at the time, that Steven had gone to Henderson that morning for a job opportunity.
Despite the odd location where he parked his car, on the video the neatly dressed Koecher is walking purposefully, suggesting he knew where he was going and what he was going there for.
Koecher's difficulties notwithstanding, his family does not believe he chose to voluntarily disappear in order to escape them, or take his own life.
Deanne Koecher said that in her last conversation with him, on December 10, he was optimistic about his ability to find another job and the two were making plans for his Christmas visit home.
Rolf Koecher said that it was in working order and the gas tank was half full when he reached it on December 17 after the Sun City parking authority called his wife about the car.
In the car were the Christmas presents Steven had bought for his brother and his family at KMart the previous day, as well as job applications and the flyers from his employer that had helped the parking authority find his parents.
Koecher's unusual, and mostly unexplained, travel in the days leading up to his disappearance has led to suppositions that he may have turned to some sort of illicit activity for income.
Another vehicle seen on the security camera footage driving up and down the street around the time Koecher parked and walked away from his car was investigated, and turned out to be a local real estate agent showing a house in the area.
A single charge to his credit card since the disappearance was just an automatic charge made to webhosting company GoDaddy ensuing from his days at Matchbin.
One unknown phone number turned out to be the family of the two girls Koecher had been helping get back inside on the day before he went to Las Vegas.
Koecher kept a diary, but recorded no problems in his life at the time of his disappearance beyond his monetary issues and his ongoing bachelorhood, neither of which he believed would last much longer.
One of his reasons for moving to St. George was to research family history in that area; he often went on tours of cemeteries looking for ancestors' graves.
While there is no evidence that would suggest Koecher was killed or kidnapped, neither the St. George nor Henderson police have found any evidence to eliminate that possibility.
Koecher disappeared a week after Susan Powell was reported missing from her home in the Salt Lake City suburb of West Valley City.
The latter case received much more media attention as suspicion centered on her husband, Josh, with whom she had been having marital difficulties.
The night after a neighbor last saw her in the family home, her husband had left after midnight to take the couple's two sons camping in Tooele County.
Police officers who came to investigate the next morning after Susan did not drop her sons off at daycare forced entry into the house and found two fans blowing at a wet spot on the carpet.
Early in the Koecher investigation, tips were posted to the Internet and brought to the family's attention suggesting a connection between the two disappearances.
In 2010, Josh Powell's family began making those allegations publicly, claiming on a website they had set up to find Susan that she had, with her family's help, framed her husband for murder and escaped with Koecher.
Josh Powell moved to Washington, where he died along with his sons in a 2012 murder-suicide; his father, who had been convicted of child pornography and voyeurism after, among other things, explicit pictures he had secretly taken of Susan were found on his computer, died in 2018, a year after finishing his sentence.
Located at 12 Aviles Street in St. Augustine, Florida, the building currently known as the Segui-Kirby Smith House still stands as a Research Library for the Saint Augustine Historical Society.
Housed in one of the oldest standing colonial buildings in Florida, the St. Augustine Free Public Library was once the residence of British Captain, Henry Skinner in 1769 as well as Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith in 1887.
St. Francis Inn property owner John L. Wilson and his wife Francis contributed to the formation of the public library system in St. Augustine after they purchased the Segui-Kirby Smith building on Aviles Street.
They helped form the St. Augustine Library Association and gave the building to a private organization to be used as a free public library, where it remained from 1874 until the 1980s.
When the St. Augustine Library Association was first formed on April 25th, 1874, no books of sectarian or political nature were to be purchased, but would be accepted if they were donated.
Today, St. Augustine Historical Research Library is still open to the public at no cost, however, much of the material are one of a kind and rare and, therefore, must be used within the library.
Ocean Wind is a proposed utility-scale offshore wind farm to be located on the Outer Continental Shelf approximately off the coast of Atlantic City, New Jersey.
It will be the largest producer of wind power in New Jersey and largest offshore wind farm in the United States.
Two other projects which would provide wind power to New Jersey are Garden State Offshore Energy, Offshore Delaware in WEA OC-A 482 North opposite Rehoboth Beach, also by Ørsted US Offshore Wind, and Atlantic Shores Wind Farm in Offshore New Jersey WEA OCS-A 0499 -- off the coast of Jersey Shore (mostly opposite Ocean County from Atlantic City north to Barnegat Light) by EDF Renewables/Shell.
Another potential WEA is Offshore New Jersey/New York on the west/south side of Hudson Canyon 21 miles offshore opposite Monmouth County.
Ørsted U.S. Offshore Wind is also partnering with Tradepoint Atlantic, based in Port of Baltimore, to create a 50-acre staging center for on-land assembly, storage and loading out into deep waters for projects along the East Coast.
In September 2019, Ocean Wind, with the approval of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, secured the capacity interconnection rights to bring the power generated by the wind farm on-shore at Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station in Lacey Township, a 619-megawatt nuclear power plant which was shut down in September 2018.
Following his clinical training, he felt a spiritual calling and immediately left for south India on December 8, 1905 under the mission of the Swedish Church.
When he first came to the state of Tamil Nadu, Kugelberg settled in the city of Pattukottai to conduct field research about the prevalence of disease.
As a result of his work, Kugelberg received approval from the dominion of Madras (Chennai, Tamil Nadu) to continue his practice in neighboring cities as well.
During this time, Dr. Kugelberg also started the Joseph Eye Clinic in Trichy, the St. Luke Eye Hospital in Virudhunagar, and hospital-dispensaries in Mayiladuthurai, Perambalur, and Ariyalur as its branches.
In this vein, he opened a Christian teaching hospital for nurses in Madurai, as a way of including more women in healthcare.
He knew that medical care was temporary, and that educative hospital experiences would prove to be more effective in the long-term.
Kugelberg died April 29, 1963 in Sweden.Inspired by his work his sister, Sonja Kugelberg, opened a Swedish home for the blind in 1971.
The California Library Association (CLA) is a body of librarians that represents and promotes the intertests of librarians and library sciences in the state of California.
The members are elected for a term of 3 years, and elections are conducted every year for 2 or 3 positions.
Richard Nicolaüs Roland Holst (4 December 1868, Amsterdam - 31 December 1938, Bloemendaal) was a Dutch painter, draftsman, lithographer, book cover designer, etcher and writer.
He was heavily influenced by the ideas of the writer, William Morris; treating art as an idealistic, service-oriented activity, emphasizing purity and clear form.
He has a statue on the Parnassusweg, on the bridge over the ; together with statues of the architect, Hendrik Petrus Berlage, and the sculptor, Joseph Mendes da Costa.
They were created in 1940/41 by the sculptor, Hildo Krop, but could not be installed until after the war; due to opposition from the German occupation forces.
She also appears in theatre productions like The Tragicomedy of Errors along with Lenna Lim, Anne James, Na’a Murad, Nabil Zakaria, Yeo Lyle, May June, Leow Hui Min and Jet Lew with guest appearances by comedy actress Miau Miau and Vernon Adrian Emuang.
Jana Nayaka is a 1988 Indian Kannada action drama directed by H. R. Bhargava, jointly produced by Bhargava and Rajaram, edited by Victor, starring Vishnuvardhan, Bhavya and Sudheer in the lead roles with Doddanna, Devaraj, Mukhyamantri Chandru, Ramesh Bhat, Sundar Krishna Urs, K. S. Ashwath, Rajanand and Umashree in the supporting roles.
Hot Summer Dance is a live album by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington recorded at Mather Air Force Base in California and first released as a CD on Bob Thiele's Red Baron label in 1983.
The streams converge that make up the Ferring Rife converge north of Littlehampton Road, passing through Maybridge, then west of Ferring into the sea.It flows south-west, west and then south into the English Channel, between the villages of Ferring and East Preston.
Adolph Kohut (10 November 1848 – 21 or 22 November 1917) was a German-Hungarian journalist, literature and cultural historian, biographer, recitator and translator from Hungarian origin.
Then he studied two semesters new philology and art history at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Breslau and afterwards at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin.
In Vienna he lectured for three years at the University of Vienna and received his PhD from the University of Jena in 1878.
In reality, he had been expelled from Berlin at the instigation of the anti-Semite Adolf Stöcker, who had worked for it with the minister Robert von Puttkamer.
By a letter of 21 December 1889 from the Prussian Legation Council in Saxony of Count August von Dönhoff Kohut was allowed to return to Berlin.
Already sick since 1915, Kohut died in the night of 21 to 22 November 1917 in his Berlin apartment Courbiérestraße 7 at age 69.
Since 1877 he was married to primadonna Elisabeth Mannstein (1843-1926), who worked for several years on European stages and last worked as a singing teacher in Berlin.
Şefik Can (June 22, 1909-January 23, 2005) was a Turkish spiritual leader and the last Sufi master in the Mevlevi Sufi tradition in Turkey.
Can learned Arabic and Persian at an early age from his father, and graduated from the Kuleli Military High School in 1929 and the Military Academy in 1931.
Then, with the permission of the Ministry of National Defense, he became a teacher at Istanbul University, and in 1935, completed his internship under Tahirü l-Mevlevi at Kuleli Military High School.
He was initiated into the Mevlevi Sufi order by his spiritual teacher Tahir al-Mevlevi and had been the head of the tradition until his death on January 23, 2005.
Zung has photographed the Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Dr Mahathir and was the photographer for the wedding of Tuanku Zara & Raja Nazrin -The regent of Perak, and many prominent personalities.
Suwendy was awarded the Miss Beautiful Skin 2006 title by Shiseido Cosmetics (Malaysia) and Alex Eu (Giorgio Armani make up artist)].
At 173 cm, Marina Suwendy has broken the tradition by establishing herself not only as a print model, but also catwalk.
She has also been involved in judging an award-winning TV Reality Series - What Women Want (TV series), aired on 8tv.
And one of the permanent models for NTV7's popular game show - Deal or No Deal [CH] Deal or No Deal [En].
She is a journalist for 'Power Lunch' The Star Newspaper (Malaysia), New Straits Times (Malaysia), Teenage Magazine (Singapore), Travel 3Sixty Magazine (Malaysia) and others.
Marina Suwendy is currently based in New York City, United States, training at Stella Adler Studio of Acting and is managed by the prestigious Ford Models New York.
Nambashi is flanked by Tarong in the west, Kashung in the south, Punge and Sorde in the east and Kasom in the north.
In December 2018, a rural market was inaugurated at Nambashi Khullen under the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) to boost cultivation and sale of local agricultural products.
She was the National Youth Coordinator for the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) until 2008, when she was promoted as the National Youth Deputy Chairperson of the party.
She also co-founded Inter Party Youth Forum in Kenya and is the program supervisor for Muslim Education & Welfare Association (MEWA).
The men's all-around competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 1 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Carlos Yulo bagged the gold in the men's all-around after placing first in the floor exercise and the horizontal bars and second on the still rings, vault, and parallel bars.
Vietnam's Đinh Phương Thành and Lê Thanh Tùng brought home the event's silver and bronze after placing second and third, respectively.
Mount Topham was named in 1902 by Arthur Oliver Wheeler to honor Harold Ward Topham (1857-1915), an English mountaineer who explored and mapped the Selkirks.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Topham is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
He served as Director of the Organization Department of the PLA General Political Department and Deputy Political Commissar of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.
During the Chinese Civil War, he participated in the battles of Guanzhuang 官庄, Jiafengshan 贾峰山, and Wutai 五台, and served as a battalion-level political instructor.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he served as a company-level officer, and rose through the ranks to director of the political department of a division.
He later served as Director of the Organization Department of the PLA General Political Department and Deputy Political Commissar of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.
He was a representative of the 13th and 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a member of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and a delegate to the 9th National People's Congress.
The women's all-around competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 2 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Farah Ann Abdul Hadi from Malaysia won the gold, followed by silver won by Rifda Irfanaluthfi from Indonesia and bronze won by Tan Ing Yueh from Malaysia.
Fencing competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held at the World Trade Center Metro Manila from 3 to 8 December 2019.
He was successful in the 1956 general elections, beating the incumbent Shirley Corea and was elected to the House of Representatives from Chilaw.
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike appointed Munasinha as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Industries and Fisheries in 1956 and in June 1959 he was promoted to Cabinet Minister of Industries and Fisheries and continued in the cabinet of W. Dahanayake.
Ángel Ribera Arnal (; 13 March 1909 – 13 February 2002) was a Spanish chess player, Spanish Chess Championship silver medalist (1958), Catalan Chess Championship winner (1933).
In 1935, he ranked 2nd in Spanish National Tournament (the winner received the right to a match with the current champion of the country).
Ángel Ribera Arnal was a winner of the chess tournament in Santander and the silver medalist of the tournament in Berga (both in 1951).
At the tournament in Berga, he only behind the winner Albéric O'Kelly de Galway and ahead of Nicolas Rossolimo, Arturo Pomar, Antonio Medina García, Jaime Lladó Lumbera and other.
Before the regularization of the lower course of the Siret, it was a branch of the Siret, collecting several left tributaries of the Siret, including the Geru and the Suhu.
Since the regularization works, the Geru discharges directly into the Siret, and the remaining course of the Bârladel collects the left Siret tributaries to the east of the Geru and the Suhu.
Kenneth Spencer Yalowitz (1941–) is a retired U.S. Foreign Service Officer who twice served as Ambassador and is a Wilson Center Global Fellow.
During Yalowitz’s 36 year career with the Foreign Service, Yalowitz served as Ambassador to Belarus from 1994-1997 and Georgia from 1998-2001.
From 2011-2017 she was the president, and since 2017 is the co-president, of Visarte Neuchâtel, the Swiss association of professional visual artists.
In 1979 she moved to Paris to continue her studies, this time as an art student at the University of Paris 8.
The formal and conventional form that is writing, through a transformation from verbal to visual mode, takes a pure image value, without reference to recognizable forms.
The work was meant to acknowledge each and every person perished during the Armenian Genocide of the beginning of the 20 century.
In an installation with five videos, a robot and a model of the mount Ararat, the mountain that is so close to Armenians and to Armenia, but yet in a different country goes for a world tour.
During the 9-month residency she got acquainted with the world of the artificial intelligence and the robotics and at the end of the period she delivered a robotic performance with small wheeled robots.
In 2014 Mnatsakanian curated a show at the Museum of modern art, Yerevan, Armenia with Edmond Habetian from France and Catherine Aeschlimann, Geneviève Petermann, Josette Taramarcaz and Pier Giorgio de Pinto from Switzerland.
In 2017 Mnatsakanian documented this project as well as her other works related to the Genocide in a double book which was published in 2018.
An animated painting is a painting that evolves gradually over the duration of the music, where the viewer can see many mutations of the work.
She collaborated with Karine Vartanian, pianist, with Serj Tankian of the System of a down and in 2019 with Barbara Minder, flutist.
Pokrovskaya was born in Moscow her father was the opera director Boris Pokrovsky and her mother, was the director of the Central Children's Theatre.
She studied at the Moscow Art Theater School and in her spare time she volunteered as a stage hand for Oleg Efremov's theatre.
John Alfred Gordon Baird (14 January 1924–1999) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
St Mary's Church, Dymock is a Church of England parish church in the center of the village of Dymock in Gloucestershire, England.
The church consists of a long 12th century nave and a west tower dating from the 15th century, topped with a short octagonal pyramid spire.
Dymock is celebrated as the centre of a mediaeval school of Romanesque sculpture that was first described in detail by George Zarnecki in 1950.
His body was accompanied back to the United States by CIA Director R. James Woolsey flew to Georgia to bring Woodruff’s body home.
In September 2019, it was selected to host the Germany's tour of Spain in March 2020, which included two Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket matches between Spain and Germany.
The ground has also been used by Derbyshire, Lancashire and Somerset for training ahead of the start of the cricket season in England.
Lawkananda Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Myanmar's Mandalay Region, covering an area of and ranging in elevation from .
It is managed by a warden, rangers and foresters, who patrol the area and implement measures to protect the forest against floods and fire.
In 2015, 80 tree species, 160 species of medicinal plants, four bamboo species and 32 species of flowering plants were identified in Lawkananda Wildlife Sanctuary.
Lawkananda Wildlife Sanctuary's habitat is threatened by illicit logging, hunting and fishing of wildlife, fires during the dry season, extraction of water, fuel wood, grass and non-timber forest products.
The Surf City Cup is a pre-season friendly football tournament, inaugurated in 2019, and played at the Gold Coast Croatia Sports Centre.
She has a following of 282,000 on Instagram and uses this platform and Twitter to raise awareness of issues of sexuality, race and gender.
Given's career started at the age of 14 when she received unexpected comments on the social media platform Instagram about her image, as well as being bullied at her all-girls high school.
She began creating videos (vlogs) on YouTube and posting on Instagram about her experiences and advising people in the same situations that they are not alone.
Given attended Plymouth College Of Art from age 16 to 18 before she moved from Plymouth to London in 2017 to study at the London College of fashion.
A few months later Given received a message on Instagram from Rita Ora's stylist Kyle De'Volle, who asked her to design official merchandise for the singers 2018 European tour.
Filled with Given's art work and feminine knowledge on issues such as body image and mental health she explains that women do not owe it to anyone to be pretty: this is the source of her title.
The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) is a UK-based independent body which monitors member NGOs (Non-Governmental organisation) and companies’ supply chains in accordance with an ethical code.
The organisation was founded on 9 June 1998, with the intention of changing the lives of workers in companies’ supply chains.
The subsequent formation of the ETI was backed therefore by NGOs, UK businesses, and the then UK Secretary of State for International Development, Clare Short.
For example, working hours and no child labour are measurable and quantifiable aims, whereas freedom of association does not factor in the unmonitorable atmosphere and culture that may prevent someone from feeling free to join any such association.
There is also difficulty in implementing the living wages point, due to factors outside of companies such as rising costs of housing, fuel and schooling that decrease the workers’ wages.
There is also an economic theory that points out that by increasing the paid wage, in accordance to the perceived living wage can eventually decrease the ‘take home’ wage.
This is because the pay increase means that the costs of goods will have to increase to cover the higher labour costs.
Therefore the consumers (who include the ones making the goods) will have to pay more from their new ‘living wage’, decreasing how much they have left to live with.
They often work with other governments to ensure adequate funding and also to lobby for legislative changes, if found to be necessary.
This came after the UK Environmental Audit Committee’s inquiry into the fashion industry, recommended that the retailer engaged with USDAW in a bid to repair their damaged reputation.
The committee also suggested becoming a member of the ETI which would bind the retailer into ethical practices, including paying a living wage and protecting workers' freedom of association.
This follows revelation that workers in their Burnley warehouse were being paid £3.50 per hour, a fraction of the legal £8.21.
In March 2016, NGOs Banana Link and the International Union of Food workers (IUF) complained to the initiative about the supplier not  respecting their workers’ right to freedom of association; disallowing and not recognising the trade unions some workers chose to associate with.
During this period Fyffes were encouraged by the ETI to reform their practices in line with the code; specifically to allow their farmers in Honduras to join trade unions at their discretion.
The agreement states that they would reinstate sacked union members, while also raising wages and conditions for their workers, thus supported by STAS.
A group of academics in 2016 condemned a United Nations convention banning child labour as promoting a particularly Western view of childhood as innocent and labour-free.
They argue that paid work may be the means by which a child will feed their family or fund their siblings' or their own schooling.
They argue that banning child labour, without effective actions against the large-scale poverty that necessitates it, can be futile or counterproductive.
These operations are illegal and unregulated, so the employers can pay much less and often have harsher conditions, pushing other children into work to supplement the lost wages.
Abdoli’s agenda for her brand is to challenge the government, but more importantly, to allow Iranian women to express themselves through fashion.
This law had been established by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who was the leader of the Basij Militia; the Militia enforced this dress code all over Iran, arresting anyone who would refuse to wear the legally required dress.
During her four years of education, Abdoli also worked as a freelance graphic designer; working with techniques such as processing, design and working with graphic applications.
Abdoli begun a fashion career at IED Barcelona where she studied a short course in Fashion/Apparel Design which lasted less than a year (2014).
Abdoli and Vojoodi brought out their 2013 Spring/Summer collection, which brought the attention of news agencies such as newspapers in Iran, California and Germany, BBC World News, BBC Persian, Germany Radio and CNN.
For these shows she worked alongside other Iranian artists and designers including Reza Alaeddini, Hadi Qashqaei, Mohammadreza Rezania, Majid Haghighi Khoshbakht and her co-worker, Mohammad Reza Vojoodi.
POOSH-e MA’s products are made of fabrics imported from Turkey by a professional tailoring company and have stated that they maintain ideal qualities in the private factory.
Despite the success with her brand, Abdoli is one of the many Iranian fashion designers to receive criticism from the government.
This has resulted in the Iranian authorities to block certain websites and social media pages, as they wanted for women to dress plainly and not for them to be influenced by up and coming designers.
In 2013, when POOSH-e MA grew in popularity, Abdoli received a lot of skepticism from Iranian women asking if her collection was truly appropriate to wear outside.
The claim of POOSH-e Ma being ‘too provocative’ is because her models wear leggings rather than wide leg trousers, three-quarter sleeve tops rather than long sleeved tunics and tighter fitting clothes rather than loose clothing.
In 2016, the Iranian police shut down 800 shops for selling politically challenging clothing and gave a further 3,000 shops a formal warning.
In the last five years, Iran has grown drastically in terms of giving women some rights, especially in the fashion industry.
Abdoli in part of an Iranian Fashion Revolution, exploring high fashion and bringing the demand for Western fashion trends to the Middle East.
This species occurs only on some small predator-free islands in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, where it lives in seabird burrows.
This species was first noted in 1924 by C. Lindsay, and a specimen collected on Mangere was sent to the Canterbury Museum.
Rowan Emberson of Lincoln University collected two from a petrel burrow on Mangare in 1993, and John Marris and Emberson collected others in expeditions in 1997 and 1998 to Mangere, Rangatira, and Star Keys, in burrows, and under logs and leaf litter, and with pitfall traps.
The type specimens was collected in Woolshed Bush, Rangatira Island, in February 2006 by David Clarke and M. Renner; the holotype was deposited in Lincoln University's Entomology Research Collection, and paratypes went to the Field Museum and the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.
In his description of the species, Clarke noted that it had a large trapezoidal head, pale yellowish brown behind the eyes, and asymmetrical last segment of the antennae and reduced last segment of the front foot (protarsomere).
Specimens have been collected from Mangere Island, Pitt Island, a tiny islet off the north-west coast of Pitt Island called Rabbit Island, Star Keys (14.5 km east of Pitt Island), and Rangatira Island – most collections have been from Rangatira.
It is possible the species might survive on main Chatham Island in seabird colonies with intact forest and rodent control, such as the taiko colony at Tuku Nature Reserve.
It has not been assessed under the Department of Conservation's Threatened Species Categories, let alone had a species recovery plan drawn up.
In 2015 she began her senior career with Marconi Stallions, before moving to the Blacktown Spartans in the National Premier Leagues NSW where she came third in the golden boot with 16 goals.
At the time she had thought the chance to play in the W-league had passed her by, but got a call from the Canberra coach Heather Garriock to join the team after seeing her perform in the NPL.
Crofts was a substitute in Canberra's first match of the season, and got her first start in a match in the third round against Newcastle Jets where she scored her first goal in a 3-2 victory.
Located to the west of Aramoana ( northeast of Port Chalmers) and included as a section of the Otago Heads, Whareakeake was a place of habitation for Māori people from early times until the Sealers' War skirmish of 1817 from which it derived its colonial name.
To the west it ends at the small headland called Pilot Point; to the east, at the cliffs of the much larger Purehurehu Point.
Immediately south lie approximately of flat ground, beyond which the land rises steeply on all sides up towards Stone Hill and Hodson Hill.
Beyond Pilot Point lies Long Beach, followed by Pūrākaunui, Māpoutahi, and Blueskin Bay; beyond Purehurehu Point lie Kaikai Beach, Aramoana, Heyward Point, and the mouth of Otago Harbour.
Access to Whareakeake is by Whareakeake Road (formerly Murdering Beach Road), a steep one-lane gravel drive leading down the side of the Purehurehu Point ridge to the eastern end of the beach.
At least two archaeological sites are present: a site with moa bones well back from the shoreline, which has received very little study, and a Classic Māori site, now thoroughly excavated, extending into the sand dunes.
Among them was a settler named William Tucker, who had built a house at Whareakeake two years previously, where he ran an export business in ornamental hei-tiki (pounamu neck pendants).
At first they were welcomed, but when Tucker went into his house, the locals attacked Kelly, at the instigation of the chief Te Matahaere.
It was once thought that this was the village at Whareakeake, but it is more likely to have been Ōtākou, on the other side of the harbour.
Kelly believed it was a reprisal for previous shootings of Māori by Europeans in the ongoing state of lawless conflict known as the Sealers' War.
A later account accused Tucker of having stolen a Māori preserved head in 1811 and inaugurated the trade in these items; this is considered to be poorly evidenced.
Due to its right-hand point break, Whareakeake is one of four surf breaks of national significance in Otago – the others being at Karitāne, Papatōwai, and Spit Beach at Aramoana.
Mohamed El Mehdi Boukassi (born 15 June 1996) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bulgarian First League club Cherno More Varna.
Paris has performed at many Australian music festivals including: Lost Paradise, Beyond The Valley, The Grass is Greener (festival), Listen Out and Splendour in the Grass.
Leah Schneider Traugott (16 January 1924, Cincinnati, Ohio – 15 January 2018, Zionsville, Indiana), also known as Leah S. Traugott, was an American award-winning watercolorist and educator.
Traugott served on many boards including President of the Indiana Artist Club, the Executive Committee of the Washington Township Schools Planning Committee, and Secretary of the Women’s Committee of the Indiana State Symphony Society.
She completed many adventure trips, including camping trek through the American Southwest in 1963; a drive throughout Mexico in 1964 and 1966; conventional trips to France, Italy, Israel, Peru, Guatemala and the Yucatan.
Traugott’s artworks captured the color and vibrancy of Indiana landscapes and gardens, emphasizing fine details and a fine-tuned sense of color harmonies.
She has won prizes in the Hoosier Salon; Indiana State Fairs; Whitewater Valley Exhibition; Herron Drawing prize and the Religious Art Exhibition.
She also won the $500 second prize in the Indiana Artist Club exhibition at the Indianapolis Museum of Art and a merit prize at the Anderson Fine Arts Center in 1993.
In addition, Traugott received awards from more than one hundred exhibitions, including the Indiana Artists Show at the Indianapolis Museum of Art; Kentucky Watercolor Society; Indiana Watercolor Society; and the Indiana Artists Club.
She received Distinguished Alumni Award from Herron School of Art and Design for exemplary career achievement and service to her alma mater in 2009.
The canoeing, kayaking, and traditional boat racing competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held at the Malawaan Park, Olongapo.
Christina Ayala (born January 4, 1983) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 128th district from 2013 to 2015.
Knut Sigurdson Vikør (born June 10, 1952 ) is a Norwegian historian and a professor of history at the University of Bergen.
Born on June 10, 1952, Vikør holds a master's in history and earned his PhD from the University of Bergen in 1992.
He was general manager of the Center for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at the University of Bergen from 1988 to 2002 when he was granted leave to work as an associate professor at the Department of History of the same university.
In 2005, he was permanently employed as an associate professor at the institute, and is now serving as a professor at the Department of Archeology, History, Cultural and Religious Studies at the University of Bergen.
Leonard Roy Tuit or Len Tuit (1911–1976) was a pioneer in Central Australian road transport and tourism and is credited as being the first person to recognised the tourism potential of Uluru.
Tuit arrived in Alice Springs in 1932 after an eleven-day journey in a Diamond T truck and started doing contract driver work for David Baldock, primarily driving between Alice Springs and Tennant Creek, which he did for the next three years.
In 1936 Tuit established his own business after acquiring a Ford V8 transporting perishables to the remote mining communities at The Granites and Tanami.
During World War II Tuit was the major civilian transport link between Alice Springs and Birdum as well as continuing, under military supervision, to supply mining communities; now including the mica mines at Wauchope and Hatches Creek.
Following the War Tuit won a five year mail contract after proving that he could transport the mail between Alice Springs and Darwin in three days, which was faster then the Commonwealth Railways (from Birdum to Darwin).
He combined the mail run with a passenger service, in a modified K5 International and it was known as 'The Butterbox'.
The truck was very basic and was fitted with bench seats and had a canvas canopy and it would not have been an easy trip for its passengers.
Tuit's first experience with tourism was taking students from Alice Springs to Palm Valley in 1944 and, in 1950, he took the first ever tour group, from Knox Grammar School in Sydney to Uluru (within what is now the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park).
The Tuit's persisted an they were granted the first tourist lease in 1953 and, by 1955, were offering regular tours there.
These early tours could carry approximately 20 passengers and the only accommodation was tents with an ex-army marquee set up as a dining and store room.
Because of the success in the tourism side of the business, which also more suited his free spirit Tuit gave up, and sold his interest, in the transport side of the business.
Tuit and Bert Bond, another Central Australian tour operator, were fierce competitors and they each maintained an arduous schedule to attract passengers.
In 1952 the two men decided to merge their businesses and, on 16 October 1953, the Centralian Advocate reported a parting of the ways and that the businesses would once again operate separately: this was finalised by 3 December 1954.
In 1957 Tuit bought Bond out when he left the Northern Territory in 1956 and, despite not wanting to, had to partner with Pioneer Tours due to financial difficulties.
Insect Festival is a biennial series of one day events in the UK, organised by the Royal Entomological Society, to celebrate insects and entomology.
The Festivals occur in alternate years to the Society's National Insect Week and consist of interactive exhibits and displays by insect related societies, charities, artists and companies.
The event was first held in 2006 and then in 2007 at York racecourse as an 'Entomological Exhibition' together with the Amateur Entomologist's Society.
The Royal Entomological Society then organised the event and in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 and most recently in 2019 Insect Festival has been held in and around the Hospitium building in York Museum Gardens with over 1000 visitors attending.
The regiment was formed on 1 September 1996 by elevating the existing 4th Army Aviation Repairs Unit to regiment without changing the unit's size or composition.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: support regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for one of the 88 modern constellationss.
As the regiment was founded in the city of Viterbo the regiment's coats of arms first quarter depicts Viterbo's coat of arms.
The regiment was formed on 1 September 1996 by elevating the existing 3rd Army Aviation Repairs Unit to regiment without changing the unit's size or composition.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: support regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for one of the 88 modern constellationss.
As the regiment was founded in the city of Bergamo the regiment's coats of arms fourth quarter depicts Bergamo's coat of arms.
The men's singles competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 3 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
The regiment was formed on 1 September 1996 by elevating the existing 2nd Army Aviation Repairs Unit to regiment without changing the unit's size or composition.
The unit traces its roots back to the 2nd Light Army Aviation Repairs Unit which was raised on 1 March 1957.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: support regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for one of the 88 modern constellationss.
As the regiment was founded in the city of Bologna the regiment's coats of arms fourth quarter depicts Bologna's coat of arms.
Carolina Emanuel De Oliveira also known as Carolina de Oliveira () is a Syrian born Lebanese actress, television presenter, social activist and mental health activist of Brazilian descent.
He had at least one child from each marriage except from his third marriage, with a commoner, Hajah Sofia binti Haji Abdul Ghani, from which they have no child.
On 4 November 1903, he gave titles to all his five children with his first royal consort, Tunku Maharum as a symbol to elevate their status.
His accusation of the prince being a gambling addict among others was noted by historian as unconvincing and it was theorised that Adams was angry that Tengku Musaeddin refused to follow Adam's order.
Nevertheless, both Tengku Alam Shah and Tengku Musaeddin became the sixth and seventh Sultan of Selangor, taking the regnal name Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah and Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah respectively.
Tengku Puteri Zahrah became the queen consort of Langkat after marrying Sultan Abdul Aziz, the Sultan of Langkat, and was given the title Tengku Permaisuri Zahrah.
Tengku Raihani married Sultan Sir Ahmad Tajuddin of Brunei as his second wife, taking the title Tengku Ampuan Raihani, holding the title from 1934 until 1956.
His grandson, Tengku Abdul Aziz, who ascended the throne as the eighth Sultan of Selangor and taking the regnal name Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah married his cousin in his first marriage, Raja Nur Saidatul Ihsan binti Tengku Badar Shah in 1943.
In December 2019, three members of the rap group, YP, real name Pio Misa, Lekks, real name Salec Sua, and Celly14, real name Dahcell Ramos were jailed over several charges including reckless grievous bodily harm after a violent interaction at the Carousel Inn at Rooty Hill in July 2018.
Misa was sentenced to four years in prison, with a two-year non-parole period, and will be eligible for parole in December 2021.
Sua was sentenced to four and half years jail with a non-parole period of two years and three months and will be eligible for parole in December 2021, whilst Ramos was sentenced to ten years jail with a non parole period of six; he will be eligible for parole in December 2024.
Iwona Drąg-Korga is a Polish-American historian, archivist, educator, and the current President and Executive Director of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America.
She has been associated with the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America since 1995, first as a librarian and archivist, then as a deputy director, an executive director since 2005, finally becoming president of the organization in 2016.
In 1991, she graduated with a degree in history from the Pedagogical University of Cracow and a doctorate in humanities in 2004.
In 2008, she obtained a master's degree in information science and library science from Queens College, City University of New York.
In 2018, she received the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland from the President of Poland during a special ceremony at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw.
She has also been awarded the Medal of the Centennial of Regained Independence and the Medal of the National Education Commission.
He first contested unsuccessfully in the 1960 March general elections and then contested from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the 1960 July general elections in the Chilaw electorate and was elected to the House of Representatives defeating W. J. C. Munasinha.
He was defeated by Shirley Corea in the 1965 general elections, was able to be elected in the 1970 general elections defeating Shirley Corea.
The 2020 Dr McKenna Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the Bank of Ireland Dr McKenna Cup, is a Gaelic football competition in the province of Ulster for county teams.
The draw was made on 4 December 2019 with the fixtures confirmed following a meeting of Comhairle Uladh CCC later in the month.
For the first time in many years, no university teams will take part, due to the changed schedule for the Sigerson Cup.
The points-ratio method (points for divided by points against) is used to determine the ranking of teams who are level on section points (as opposed to the more typical scoring differential).
The winners of the three sections and the best of the runners-up in the three sections compete in the semi-finals with the two winners meeting in the final.
Aatpadi Nights is a 2019 Indian Marathi language romantic comedy film directed by Nitin SinduVijay Supekar and produced by the banner of Maaydesh Media.
The film starring Subodh Bhave, Pranav Raorane and Sayali Sanjeev follows the story of excitement, nervousness and the ignorance of the first night of marriage.
The songs for the film are composed by Vijay Gavande & Sidharth Dhukate and lyrics by Narayan Puri and sung by Adarsh Shinde, Vaishali Mhade and Sanghapal Tayade.
The Bois du Cazier Mining disaster or Marcinelle Mining disaster on August 8, 1956 was the deadliest mining accident in Belgium.
An accident began at 8:10 AM when the hoist mechanism in one of the shafts was started before the coal wagon had been completely loaded into the cage.
The moving cage also ruptured oil and air pipes which made the fire worse and destroyed much of the winch mechanism.
Among the victims, there were 136 Italians, 95 Belgians, eight Poles, six Greeks, five Germans, five Frenchmen, three Hungarians, one Englishman, one Dutchman, one Russian and one Ukrainian.
An appeal was lodged, and on January 30, 1961, the court gave the mine manager a six-month suspended jail sentence and a 2,000 Belgian franc fine (equivalent to €300 in 2006 after adjusting for inflation) and acquitted the other defendants.
Extant ancient texts provide a list of the names of 51 students who attended the law school of Beirut; these students came from twenty different Roman provinces.
Below is a list compiled by French scholar Paul Collinet; it includes the provinces and known cities from which each student originated.
Extant ancient texts provide a list of the names of 51 students who attended the law school of Beirut; these students came from twenty different Roman provinces.
In his 238 AD Panegyric to Christian scholar Origen of Alexandria, Cappadocian bishop Gregory Thaumaturgus relates taking extensive Latin and Roman law courses in Beirut.
According to Eusebius of Caesarea, Pamphilus of Caesarea was born into a rich family in Beirut in the latter half of the 3rd century and attended its law school.
Anatolius occupied the offices of consul of Syria, vicarius of the Diocese of Asia, proconsul of Constantinople, urban prefect of Constantinople in 354, and Praetorian prefect of Illyricum until his death in 360.
Libanius' correspondence with Gaianus of Tyre discusses the latter's achievements after his graduation from the law school of Beirut; Gaianus became the consular governor of Phoenicia in 362.
Triphyllius received legal training in Beirut and was criticized by his teacher Saint Spyridon for his atticism and for using legal vocabulary instead of that of the Bible.
Zacharias Rhetor studied law at Beirut between 487 and 492, then worked as a lawyer in Constantinople until his imperial contacts won him the appointment as bishop of Mytilene.
Among Rhetor's works is the biography of Severus, the last miaphysite patriarch of Antioch and one of the founders of the Syriac Orthodox Church, who had also been a law student in Beirut as of 486.
Another late 5th-century student was John Rufus, an anti-Chalcedonian priest who moved to Maiuma after the expulsion of his master, Peter the Fuller.
Ágnes Pataki, often referred to as the top model and the Hungarian supermodel, promoted not only Fabulon but also world brands such as Pepsi, Philip Morris, L'Oréal Professionnel or Semperit.
Until 1956, her father was a military officer, who, as soon as the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was broke down, became the economic leader of a research institute.
In her career, external circumstances have forced her to change several times, but she has always been able to build on her success in previous areas.
She has contributed to the making of an experimental photocopy film ‘The Copyist’ which debuted at the Palm Springs International Short-fest Animation Competition.
Two coincidences brought her to the forefront of modelling: first, when she escorted a South American group into the Rotschild Salon as a Spanish interpreter, she was noticed by the owner, Klara Rotschild, and sent her to the runways.
On the other hand, it was a coincidence in 1970, when the exam photo by Andrea Németh, a student at the College of Applied Arts was discovered by graphic designer József Finta and PR director of Kőbánya Pharmaceuticals.
Subsequently, she had become the poster child of Fabulon, a popular advertising brand for cosmetics of Kőbánya Pharmaceuticals in the 1970s and 1980s.
In the 1980s, she had worked as a model for five years in parallel, and gradually became a three-shop boutique chain businesswoman, but she changed again after the change of regime - even though she was asked to take cover photos in the 2000s, such as Elle magazine in 2003.
In 2014, she was Hungary's first It Woman in the L'Oréal Professionnel It Looks campaign, whose appearance and wear are treated as fashion bands in the media.
She and her husband, Gábor Kovács, one of the founders and directors of the joint venture Filmpartners, contributed greatly to the success of Hungarian films such as the Üvegtigris-films (see: Glass Tiger films; 2001, 2006, 2010).
Her job is to select the screenwriters, directors, projects, partners, and then help fund the foundation and build the publicity of the films on the market.
In 2003 she was listed as a producer on the list of the fifty most successful women compiled by Magyar Hírlap and in the book published in 2007.
In 2015, she was one of the five-member professional jury of the first incubator program (for the first animation, documentary or feature film) announced by the Hungarian National Film Foundation, who will select ten film plans to help develop them.
Stokhusgade originates in the 1649 plan for New Copenhagen, the large area which was included in the fortified city when the old East Rampart along present day Gothersgade was decommissioned and a new one was built in a more northerly direction.
Part of a group of streets named after minerals from Norway, then ruled from Denmark, it was originally called Stenkulsgade (Black Coal Street).
In 1862, residents in the street filed a formal request for a renaming of the street since they were unhappy about being associated with the inmates in the former correctional facility but this never happened.
In the 1930s the former prison buildings and the other buildings on that side of the street were demolished to make way for a new home for the College of Advanced Technology.
4B has by Holsher Nordberg Architects been expanded with a seven-storey residential infill on the very narrow site of just seven metres.
The building at the corner of Øster Voldgade (Stokhusgade 8 / Øster Voldgade 12) is a former tobacco factory built for Wilhelm Frimann Schram in 1850.
A plaque on the corner of Stokhusgade and ØsterVoldgade commemorates that Icelandic scholar and politician Jón Sigurðsson used to live at Øster Voldgade 12.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Colorado was held on November 2, 1920 as part of the 1920 United States presidential election.
All these factors combined to produce a national landslide, with a swing of almost twenty-nine percentage points to the Republicans vis-à-vis the election of 1916.
Colorado mirrored this trend, with a total swing of 49.38 points from Wilson’s 26-point 1916 victory where he carried every county except Sedgwick.
This time, Harding would not merely become only the second Republican victor in the state since James B. Weaver’s Populist victory transitioned the state into a Democratic-leaning one, but become the only presidential candidate in history to carry all Colorado’s counties.
Phineas D. Ballou (March 3, 1823 – January 16, 1877) was a Vermont businessman and political figure who served as mayor of the city of Burlington from 1868 to 1870.
Phineas Dodge Ballou was born in Starksboro, Vermont on March 3, 1823, a son of Smith Ballou (1786-1854) and Orissa (Bishop) Ballou.
He lived and was educated in Burlington and Starksboro, Vermont and Troy and Albany, New York before moving again to Burlington in 1849.
Ballou lived in San Francisco, California for four years during the California Gold Rush, and was a member of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance that used extralegal means to fight rampant crime and corruption.
After several years in business with Van Namee, Ballou became a partner in a candy factory and its affiliated candy and cigar store.
Business failures during the Panic of 1873 led to his decision to leave his family in Burlington and move to Omaha, Nebraska, where he engaged in several enterprises he hoped would enable him to recover, including a partnership in a brewery.
His sons later joined him in Omaha, and in 1876 his partner and he moved their brewery from Omaha to the new and rapidly expanding town of Deadwood, Dakota Territory.
According to others on the scene, Ballou had inspected a gold mining claim and stayed overnight at a Gayville stagecoach station, intending to travel back to Deadwood the following day.
During the night, he went outdoors to relieve himself, mistook the shack covering a mineshaft opening for an outhouse, and accidentally fell about 35 feet.
Other individuals at the station heard his cries for help and rescued him from the mine, but Ballou died from his injuries soon afterwards.
At the time of his death, Ballou was wearing a Masonic ring, so he was recognized as a member by Deadwood's Masons.
He received Masonic funeral rites at the Troy home of his brother Edgar before being interred at Oakwood Cemetery in Troy.
Ballou was long affiliated with Freemasonry, including the Scottish Rite and Knights Templar, and served in leadership positions at several lodges in Burlington.
Ballou was also active in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and served as grand master of the organization in Vermont.
In 1944, the railway was merged to form the Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ), which electrified it at 1500 Volt DC in 1953.
The then Saignelégier–La Chaux-de-Fonds Railway opened its metre-gauge line from Saignelégier via Le Noirmont to La Chaux-de-Fonds-Est on 7 December 1892.
In 1904, the Régional Saignelégier–Glovelier (RSG) took over operations, creating an important connection to the Basel–Delémont–Glovelier–Porrentruy main line, which continued to France.
The neighbouring Ponts–Sagne–La Chaux-de-Fonds railway (PSC) did not have the best connections despite having the same gauge and a shared station.
Nevertheless, the Saignelégier–La Chaux-de-Fonds Railway provided PCS services after 1 July 1913 when the Jura neuchâtelois (JN) was nationalised and incorporated into the SBB.
Because unlike the SC, the TBN has been electrically operated since its opening, continuous services between La Chaux -de-Fonds-Bahn and Tavannes were limited.
The main source of income for the Saignelégier–La Chaux-de-Fonds Railway was passenger transport, although freight transport also played an important role.
After that standard gauge freight wagons were loaded on transporter wagon in Glovelier instead of Saignelégier or alternatively until 2010 in La Chaux-de-Fonds.
Although the CJ has the same electricity system as the neighbouring La Chaux-de-Fonds–Les Ponts-de-Martel railway, only a few vehicles are exchanged between the CJ and Transports Régionaux Neuchâtelois (TRN).
TRN vehicles regularly access the CJ network in order to reprofile their wheels on the underfloor lathe in the CJ Tramelan workshop.
In La Chaux-de-Fonds, the CJ and TRN catenaries can be interconnected via a coupling switch to provide power to the neighboring railway in case of emergency.
Shortly after leaving Saignelégier, passengers see the deep valley of the Doubs and behind it the high plateau of Maîche, which is in France.
Passing the small towns of Muriaux and Les Emibois, the trains reach Le Noirmont, where the line from Tavannes joins on the left.
Between La Large-Journée and La Chaux d'Abel, the railway crosses the cantonal border to reach La Ferrière in the Canton of Bern.
After passing through the crossing station of La Cibourg, the trains run along a winding stretch of line to reach the highest point of the line at Bellevue at 1072 metres above sea level.
Just before the La Chaux-de-Fonds station, the line moves off the street and the railway runs parallel to the SBB lines from Neuchâtel and Biel and the metre-gauge line from Les Ponts-de-Martel to the terminus.
The numbers 4 to 7 continued on from the locomotive numbers of the Ponts–Sagne–La Chaux-de-Fonds Railway, as the two companies had an operating arrangement.
Apparently it ordered the first locomotive to handle bad track conditions, because the operating program of the Mallet locomotives could also have been achieved this with a simpler 3/3-coupled locomotive.
In 1951 it was able to acquire steam locomotive G 3/3 6 from the Ponts-Sagne-La Chaux-de-Fonds Railway, which became redundant after the electrification of 1950.
Ciprian Mircea Manea (born 13 August 1980) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for teams such as Laminorul Roman, FCM Bacău or Politehnica Iași, among others.
Ian Johnston Rhind Aitchison (born 1936) is a physicist and retired academic who was Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford between 1996 and 2003.
Born in 1936, Aitchison read mathematics at Peterhouse, Cambridge, graduating with a BA in 1958; he then completed a PhD in theoretical physics there in 1961.
Between 1961 and 1963, Aitchison was a research associate at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York; after a year at the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre in France, he worked as a research associate at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge from 1964 to 1966.
In 1966, he was elected a fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, and appointed a university lecturer in theoretical physics; he was awarded the title of Professor of Physics in 1996 and retired in 2003.
Thanks to the system created by the university to manage professional practices, it applies a 3 + 1 education model for Vocational Schools and 7 + 1 education for faculties.
Daniel Octavian Spiridon (born 29 March 1984) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for FCM Bacău, FC Botoșani, SC Bacău and CF Brăila.
2020 Ukrainian Athletics Championships among the athletes of the senior age category will be held from 19 to 21 June in Lutsk at Avanhard Stadium.
Throughout the year, a number of standalone national championships in different events not contested in Lutsk will be held among the athletes of the senior age category.
As an amateur, he won two U.S. National Junior Championships, one U.S. National Youth Championships and represented the United States at the 2018 Youth Olympic Games at light welterweight.
During an amateur career in which he compiled a record of 283–13, Jones won multiple national championships at the junior and youth level.
He made his professional debut on March 9, 2019, winning via unanimous decision over six rounds against Girorgi Gelashvili at the Turning Stone Resort Casino in Verona, New York.
His second fight came three months later on June 21, scoring a first-round technical knockout (TKO) victory over Michael Horabin at the York Hall in London.
Eight days after his bout with Horabin, Jones fought Matias Agustin Arriagada on June 29 at the Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence, Rhode Island, winning by unanimous decision.
On October 12, 2019, as part of the undercard for Dmitry Bivol's WBA title defense against Lenin Castillo, Jones defeated Eric Manriquez by majority decision at the Wintrust Arena in Chicago.
Two judges scored the bout in favour of Jones with 40–36 and 39–37, while the third scored it a draw at 38–38.
She became director of research and development at the Naval Air Development Center in Pennsylvania, where she helped to develop light synthetic materials for use in aircraft.
As member of the Balloon Club of America, Vadala participated in 66 balloon flights, 47 flights in gas balloons and 19 flights in hot air balloons.
On July 28, 2019, Vadala was inducted into the Balloon Federation of America Hall of Fame, at the National Balloon Museum in Indianola, Iowa.
In 1957 she helped to record the orbit of the Russia's Sputnik satellite as part of the Franklin Institute's Moon Watch Team.
Her acceptance of the presidency at a time when the organization had largely fallen into disarray was important in restarting its activities.
She held positions at the Naval Air Material Center at the Philadelphia Naval Yard, which carried out materials testing and laboratory experiments, and at the Naval Air Development Center in Warminster, Pennsylvania.
One of her jobs involved testing the balloons stored in the Naval Air Facility in Lakehurst, New Jersey to ensure that they were still safe to use.
Vadala also used the Instron to test laminated light weight materials to see if they were suitable for use in aircraft.
Eleanor Vadala enjoyed her first balloon flight on January 9, 1954, a date that commemorated the first balloon flight in the Americas on January 9, 1793, by Jean-Pierre Blanchard.
Don Piccard piloted the Balloon Club of America's N9071H, a former U.S. Army balloon built by Goodyear, on its fourth flight for the BCA.
Vadala became an active member of the BCA, not only learning to fly, but also repairing the balloons, making nets for them, filling sandbags to use as weights, and driving the chase vehicles that followed the balloons after they launched.
Vadala was the third woman to receive FAA Balloon Pilot Certification, passing the written test on June 27, 1962 and the flight test on July 13, 1963.
At age 63 she married an amateur balloonist, Rittenhouse Astronomical Society member, and astronomer for the Franklin Institute, Edwin F. Bailey (1907–1986).
The Benin-Togo border is 651 km (405 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the north down to the Bight of Benin in the south.
It then proceeds overland to the southwest, veers to the southeast in the vicinity of Grando Namoni, and then turns sharply southwards in the vicinity of Gando, Benin.
The boundary then proceeds southwards in a roughly straight line, occasionally utilising rivers such as the Ogou and, in the southern-most stretches, the Mono.
In the far south the border turns sharply to the west before reaching the Atlantic Ocean, providing Benin with a thin strip of territory encompassing Grand-Popo and Hilakondji.
In 1851 a treaty of friendship was signed between France and the Kingdom of Dahomey in what is now southern Benin, followed by the creation of a protectorate in Porto Novo in 1863.
The 1880s saw an intense competition for territory in Africa by the European powers, a process known as the ‘Scramble for Africa’.
Germany began taking an interest in acquiring African colonies, signing a treaty with chiefs along the coast of modern Togo in July 1884; France recognised this claim the following year.
The southern-most section of the border was agreed upon by procès-verbal in 1887, with the rest of boundary being settled by a Franco-German protocol of July 1897.
By plebiscite, British Togoland was incorporated into the Gold Coast colony in 1956, which gained independence as Ghana the following year.
The remainder of Togolese territory remained under French control, however France had also initiated a process of decolonisation, which culminated in the granting of broad internal autonomy to its African territories in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
French Togoland declared complete independence as Togo on 27 April 1960, followed by Dahomey on 1 August, and their mutual frontier between an international one between two independent states.
Rogers attended the University of Bristol, graduating with BSc in psychology in 1969; he then completed a PhD there in 1976.
In 1973, he was appointed to a lectureship in psychology at the University of St Andrews, where he remained until he was elected a fellow and tutor at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, in 1984.
He was appointed a stipendiary lecturer at Pembroke College, Oxford in 2001 and in 2003 was elected a fellow and tutor at the college.
There are many reasons for this claim, but the most important one is rooted in ideological beliefs and may be related to the issues of Orientalism.
Akbar Ahmed, American-Pakistani author and analyst, has noted that the negative representation of Islam and Muslims by the Western media is increasingly growing after such incidents as the Rushdie affair, the first Gulf War and 9/11 attacks.
The Shivers-Simpson House, also known as Rock Mill, on the west bank of the Ogeechee River in Hancock County, Georgia, near Jewell, Georgia, was built around 1820.
Its first floor is a high basement, built of Salmon-colored brick laid on one course of granite blocks, and topped by a narrow course of the same.
As of 1970, it had only been modified significantly once, back in 1890, when an original raised portico at the main entrance was removed and replaced by a second-story porch.
Jonas married in 1772, and by 1809 had migrated from Virginia to this area, and was living on the east bank of the Ogeechee River in Warren County, and was a mill owner and presumably a slave owner.
It also had a grist mill, a woolen mill, a store, a tavern, and a stage-stop and post office on the Augusta-to-Milledgeville stagecoach line.
William Shivers, the son, built a grist mill on the west side of the river, in Hancock County, and then this frame house named for the mill, before 1820.
The house is located on Mayfield Road, on the Ogeechee River north of the community of Jewell, Georgia; Jewell is at the intersection of Mayfield Road and Georgia State Route 16.
Guarding the Secrets: Palestinian Terrorism and a Father's Murder of His Too-American Daughter is a 1995 non-fiction book about the murder of Palestina Isa in 1989 in St. Louis, Missouri, written by Ellen Harris.
Harris, who was born in a family with a history in St. Louis, attended Clayton High School as part of the class of 1964.
She used law enforcement agencies, lawyers, judges, and video recordings of the perpetrator of the murder, Zein Isa, and his assistants as sources.
She stated that the way Palestinian culture treasures the family as the ultimate authority and the attitudes towards women in Islam contributed to the murder.
The men's floor competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 1 to 3 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 80-54 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1983 NCAA Tournament.
The tournament consisted of a 9 team single-elimination tournament with the 8 and 9 seeded teams playing in a play-in game to decide the 8th spot.
The 2019 Malta political crisis is an ongoing political and institutional crisis within the Republic of Malta following the uncovering of alleged links between government officials and the 2017 assassination of investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.
The Prime Minister's Chief of Staff Keith Schembri and Minister for Tourism Konrad Mizzi resigned following the arrest of businessman Yorgen Fenech in connection with the murder.
On 1 December 2019 Prime Minister Joseph Muscat announced his intention to resign on 12 January 2020 after increased pressure from protestors.
Constitutional experts, legal bodies and other representatives have stated Muscat's decision to remain in office until January and to have a six week parliamentary recess over Christmas has led to an unprecedented constitutional crisis.
Malta has enjoyed a financial boom since accession to the EU in 2004, fueled by online gambling, crypto-currency exchanges, the sale of citizenship (EU-citizen), and a financial centre with a reputation for lax controls on money laundering and tax evasion.
In 2018, the European Central Bank revoked the licence of a bank called Pilatus, first investigated by the journalist Caruana Galizia, after its Iranian owner was arrested on sanctions-busting charges by US prosecutors.
Among other things, Caruana Galizia wrote about gifts and money from the presidential family in Azerbaijan to Malta's Prime Minister Joseph Muscat, his wife and connections between opposition leader Adrian Delia and a prostitution ring in London.
Joseph Muscat, Prime Minister of Malta at the break out of the crisis, promised a fair investigation after the murder plot.
There was evidence that Muscat had known Fenech's role in the Caruana Galizia case since 2017, because his secret service bugged Fenech's telephone and was reading the logs.
His Kasco Holding bought paper and sold it to the printers in Malta with a good margin and expanded the business to the trade of printing machines.
Since the Times of Malta was unable to pay its bills during the financial crisis, according to the newspaper, Schembri often put pressure on them.
Mizzi was earlier removed from his post as health and energy minister in 2016 after it emerged that he had set up a company in Panama, listed in the Panama Papers.
Lawrence Cutajar was responsibel for the investigation in the assernation case of Caruana; he was commissioner of the Malta Police Force.
On 16 October 2017, the investigative journalist Caruana Galizia died in a car bomb attack close to her home, attracting widespread local and international reactions.
On November 13, 2019 the spaniel sniffer dog Peter was screening passengers when he alerted his handlers of Malta custom to the smell of cash.
Under questioning by police, Theuma made the claim that he had acted as intermediary in the contract killing of journalist, Daphne Caruana Galizia.
On 25 November 2019 the star witness Melvin Theuma was granted immunity from prosecution by President George Vella at the request of Prime Minister Joseph Muscat.
The businessman was prejudiced in public, so his defence said, that he could not hope for a proper investigation and a fair trial.
On 30 November 2019 an indictment was filed against Fenech in Valletta, and he was accused of complicity in the murder of Caruana Galizia, amongst other charges.
Six days after Fenech's arrest, Schembri resigned his government post on 26 November 2019, and was subsequently arrested by the police for questioning.
Muscat announced his resignation on 1 December 2019 in a televised speech, saying he would step down after Labour Party internal elections on 12 January 2020.
He informed the President of Malta, George Vella, that he would be resigning his duties once his successor had been elected.
On the same day, Reporters sans Frontieres, together with the relatives of Caruana Galizia, filed a lawsuit against three of the alleged key figures in the murder case in France.
The lawsuit was filed with the Finance Prosecutor's Office and the Paris Public Prosecutor's Office accusing Yorgen Fenech, Keith Schembri and Konrad Mizzi of murder and bribery.
Muscat resigned as planned on 13 January 2020 and was replaced by Robert Abela as the new prime minister of Malta.
An EU Parliament delegation announced to come to Malta in early December 2019 to monitor the rule of law and to hold talks with government officials in Malta.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 83-73 to win their 2nd championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA Tournament.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 82-62 to win their 3rd championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Tournament.
The men's pommel horse competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 1 to 3 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 77-53 to win their 4th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament.
The film begins on Satya Murthy (Rajendra Prasad) a small-time businessman, lives with his son Lucky (Sanjosh) & daughter Siri (Siri).
He believes his son as frivolous but indeed Lucky’s passion is on aeronautics but Satya Murthy aspires him to line up in UPSC on which daily squabble arises between them.
Eventually, Siri also gets a nice match with a well-educated guy Karthik (Pratap) whom Satya Murthy prefers as best and scorns Lucky comparing with him.
After a lot of struggle with the help of Aaradhya, Lucky perceives the real culprit as Karthik whose profession is women trafficking.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 72-70 to win their 5th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1987 NCAA Tournament.
Number 1 seed defeated 3 seed 88-61 to win their 6th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 101-99 to win their 7th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Tournament.
Number 1 seed defeated 3 seed 63-60 to win their 8th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1990 NCAA Tournament.
The men's rings competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 1 to 3 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Number 1 seed defeated 3 seed 60-51 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1991 NCAA Tournament.
Mazzi Wilkins (born October 12, 1995) is an American football cornerback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).
He finished his collegiate career with 110 tackles, 22 passes defensed, three interceptions and one fumble recovery in 47 games played (22 starts).
Wilkins was waived at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 1, 2019.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 76-74 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1992 NCAA Tournament.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 78-71 to win their 2nd championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1993 NCAA Tournament.
Number 3 seed defeated 1 seed 71-69 to win their 9th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1994 NCAA Tournament.
Number 1 seed defeated 2 seed 84-62 to win their 3rd championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1995 NCAA Tournament.
The party fielded three candidates in the 2019 District Council election and won two seats in the Shap Pat Heung Central and Shap Pat Heung West constituencies.
Willis Fong Ho-hin and Szeto Pok-man, the two elected district councillors, pledged to pay attention to regional planning and public transport issues and organise regular public forums to exchange opinions with local residents.
They attributed their success to being outsiders to villages in the area, saying that voters in their constituencies were frustrated by their previous district councillors focusing on village issues, rather than problems with transport links and traffic jams associated with the increasing number of private housing estate developments in southern Yuen Long.
In addition, they pledged to fully investigate the 2019 Yuen Long attack, which occurred four months before the district council elections.
Tariah Jr. made his first professional appearance as a stand-up comedian at the University of Port Harcourt in 1989, and was paid 171 naira ($24, per 1989 exchange rate) for the job.
In 2017 the former governor of Rivers State, Rotimi Amaechi & current Nigerian minister of transportation (as of 2019) organized a birthday party for Tariah Jr for his 50th birthday.
Number 4 seed defeated 2 seed 72-68 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA Tournament.
Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed is an Indian politician and was first elected as an MLA in 2009 from Nuh (Mewat) constituency of Haryana.
His father was elected as MLA from Punjab in 1962, from Nuh constituency (Haryana) in 1968, from Taoru in 1977 and again from Nuh constituency in 1987 and 1996.
He started his political career in 1991 from Taoru and in 2013 he was inducted into the cabinet as transport minister.
He has served Indian National Congress at organizational level in different capacities and also as chief whip of the Congress Legislature Party.
Part of its slopes are covered with pyroclastics; radiometric dating has yielded ages of 11.9 ± 0.6, 9.99 ± 0.1 and 1.38 million years ago.
This low elevation probably relates to the easterly position of the volcano and likely correlates to lake highstands in Salar de Coposa, Salar de Empexa and Salar de Huasco.
The women's vault competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 2 to 3 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
William Hamilton Shortt (1881-1971) was a railway engineer and noted horologist, responsible for the design of the Shortt-Synchronome free pendulum clock, a widely used time standard, employed internationally in observatories in the period between the two World Wars.
His deep involvement in precision timekeeping, as a colleague of Frank Hope-Jones and director of the Synchronome Company, derived from work on the safety of train travel and the accurate measurement of train speeds, following investigations into a serious train derailment of a LSWR train at Salisbury Station in 1906, when twenty-eight people died.
Shortt was born in September 1881 in Wimbledon, Surrey, only son to Charles Henry Shortt, a civil engineer, and Fanny (née Dobson) who was sister to the poet Austin Dobson.
Shortt met Hope-Jones in 1910, and began collaborating in the design of master clocks from 1912, joining the Synchronome Company as a shareholder and director.
He produced a series of designs involving new forms of escapement, attempting to optimise the delivery of energy to the pendulum, while taking account of variations in external factors such as temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Shortt's experiments continued until 1916, when he was released from duties with the LSWR to serve as a captain in the Royal Engineers in France.
In 1919, having been demobilised from the army, he returned to his experimental work, producing a series of clocks in which he continued to try new ways of delivering an impulse to the pendulum, while attempting to make the pendulum do as little work as possible.
Championed by the Astronomer Royal of Scotland, Ralph Allan Sampson, Shortt's free pendulum clock was rapidly adopted worldwide by many observatories as a time standard, and remained as such until the widespread adoption of quartz clocks from the Second World War onwards.
Shortt was honoured for his work in horology and precision timekeeping with the Gold Medal from the British Horological Institute in 1931 and its Fellowship in 1932, the John Price Wetherill Medal from the Franklin Institute in 1935, and the Tompion Medal of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers in 1954.
The women's uneven bars competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 2 to 3 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Piggott chooses the 100 Butterfly and 200 Individual Medley as his best events; however, he has not yet specialised in a particular event.
Piggott was born with bilateral talipes (club feet), and underwent many operations to help him walk, mostly requiring him to use a wheelchair when during the periods of surgery.
He did not originally want to get into competitive swimming and preferred to take a more relaxed approach to the sport.
In 2013 he was identified by Wales as a para-swimmer and in order to make the team he needed to complete more weekly sessions than the three to four he was then doing, so the family decided to move to Shrewsbury Amateur Swimming Club.
When Tom isn't swimming he can be found on poolsides either officiating or Coaching and for two years he coached for two years (2017-2019) with Oswestry Otters where he coached 7-11 year olds and he dedicates time and resources to find new and fun ways to deliver best fun practice.
He is often putting newly learned ideas into the sets he is given by the Head Coach, building on his experience and knowledge to give back to the members of Oswestry Otters.
Not only is Tom an official and a Coach he is a Role Model for the younger generation of swimmers inspiring them to keep on swimming even when times are tough.
It is also possible to catch Tom in all three roles that he does during a competitions you may see him coaching one moment then swimming the next and finally you might even see him walking up and down poolside dressed in whites officiating.
He made no finals in 2014, but made personal bests in six events that he swam at the meet and boosted his enthusiasm for the sport.
Piggott did not get the chance to compete in the Rio Olympics but he continued training with a view to making the 2020 Olympics.
It was a set of goals intended to be implemented by 2020 if possible, or otherwise make progress in those directions.
The San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR) reported from a panel discussion at an event they hosted in 2017 that the question came up why San Jose didn't see as much increase in cycling usage as expected after a round of bike lane construction.
Cycling in the city of San Jose can't just be viewed in isolation because it is bordered by other cities within Santa Clara County.
County-wide bicycle and pedestrian planning is done by the Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) because it was formed by a merger of the county transit agency with the congestion management districts of the county and all the cities in the county.
Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), which is planned to open in San Jose at the Berryessa/North San Jose station and in Milpitas (next to the border of San Jose) at the Milpitas station in 2020, has rules for bicycles restricting using the first car at any time, the first 3 cars during commute hours, or any crowded car.
Besides rentals available at bike shops, the City of San Jose has also permitted Bay Wheels (formerly known as Ford GoBike) to operate a bike sharing system in the city.
San Jose Bike Party has since 2007 done monthly rides on the 3rd Friday of the month, which can attract thousands of riders in Summer months.
Since 2015 and now held each Spring and Fall, Viva Calle San Jose is a street festival where a pre-announced route of several miles of streets is temporarily closed for hours during the day to vehicle traffic and opened to pedestrians, bicycles, scooters, skateboards, etc.
Helen Mary Gaskell (née Melville), CBE, known as May Gaskell (1853–1940) was a society hostess and philanthropist in London who established the British War Library.
The British War Library service was a venture launched in 1914 to provide reading material to World War I British soldiers.
It was one of the first examples of bibliotherapy in a military context, inspiring the American Library War Service to be founded a few years later - although earlier examples can be found, e.g.
The service was created by Helen Mary Gaskell, using Lady Battersea's large but empty London home Surrey House (near Marble Arch) as a base.
Gaskell obtained official approval from Lord Haldane, then War Minister, and Sir Arthur Sloggett (head of the Royal Army Medical Corps).
Initially it was aimed at the wounded in military hospitals, but the Admiralty requested it be extended to those on active service too, including medical staff and coastguards.
An appeal was launched for donations of used books - the first appeal of the war - and with free promotion by newspapers, reading matter started arriving in parcels, boxes, then whole vanloads.
Demand was huge: it distributed over six million books and magazines, including new books (purchased by the public) and special editions printed by publishers specifically for this purpose (e.g.
At the same time, some people regarded it as a chance to clean out their rubbish while gaining credit for 'charity', so tens of thousands of old parish magazines were sent in, only to be thrown away.
When Thomas Jones CH and others set up the Army Bureau of Current Affairs in 1940 to provide 'mental stimulant' to World War II troops, this was partly continuing the BWL's aims, although Gaskell's contribution appears to have been largely overlooked until as late as the 21st century.
She represented England in the high jump metres event just missed a bronze medal by finishing 4th , at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
She has won two British indoor titles in 1996 and 1999 and was the sole British junior indoor record holder for 18 years until her mark of 1.89 metres was matched by Morgan Lake in 2015.
Poronduwa (Promise) () is a 2001 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama thriller film directed by Chandran Rutnam and produced by Ashoka Perera for Taprobane Films.
The 2020 Australian Open Wildcard Playoffs and Entries are a group of events and internal selections to choose the eight men and eight women singles wildcard entries for the 2020 Australian Open, as well as seven male and seven female doubles teams plus eight mixed-doubles teams.
The USTA awarded a wildcard to the man and woman that earned the most ranking points across a group of three ATP/Challenger hardcourt events in the October and November 2019.
For the men, the events included ATP Paris, Shenzhen, Charlottesville, Playford, Bratislava, Knoxville, Kobe, Houston, Champaign, Helsinki, Ortisei and Pune events.
For the women, the events included Macon, Poitiers, Saguenay, Tyler, Toronto, Liuzhou, Nantes, Las Vegas, Shenzhen, Houston, Taipei and Tokyo events.
Any player who otherwise qualified for the main draw of was excluded from wildcard considerations (as happened, in the case of Marcos Giron).
The Asia-Pacific Australian Open Wildcard Play-off featured 16-players in the men's and women's singles draws and took place from 4 to 8 December 2019 at Hengqin International Tennis Centre in Zhuhai, China.
It also hosts the 2020 Australian Wildcard Playoff which will be held from 9–15 December 2019 at Melbourne Park, offering a main draw singles wildcard for men and women and a main draw women's doubles wildcard.
Florentin Rădulescu (born 29 July 1976) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for teams such as Flacăra Moreni, Petrolul Ploiești, Rapid București, Argeș Pitești or CS Otopeni, among others.
John Robert Leslie (1831 – 1 January 1881) was an Irish academic whose entire career was spent at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), where he was Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy (1870–1881).
John Robert Leslie was born near Timoleague, Cork, to Rev John Leslie (1804–1838) and his wife Elizabeth Travers (1806?–1886), his father dying when he was young.
Emmanuel Yoofi Essuman Mensah (born September 29, 1989), known as Kingzkid, is a Ghanaian Christian hip pop recording artist and song writer.
He has collaborated and performed with numerous gospel musicians, including Mali Music, Tim Godfrey, Ohemaa Mercy Joe Mettle, MOG Music, Micah Stampley, Sinach, Denzel Prempeh, Nii Okai.
Due to fact that two Montenegrin teams were relegated from Yugoslav Second League 1975-76, this time four last-placed clubs from Montenegrin Republic League went to the bottom-tier.
Budućnost participated in 1975–76 Yugoslav First League, while three other teams (Sutjeska, Lovćen and Titograd) participated in 1975–76 Yugoslav Second League.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a raised counter transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed modified long keel or optional short keel with a centerboard.
Additional sleeping accommodation is found in the main cabin and includes the dinette table, which can be dropped to form a double berth, a single settee berth and an aft quarter berth.
George A. Landry (1890 – January 30, 1961) was an American engineer who served as the first director of Sandia Laboratory and the first president of Sandia Corporation (a subsidiary of Western Electric which managed the laboratories).
He was named to the War Production Board shortly after the start of World War II, and subsequently served as the first director of Sandia Laboratory (October 1949 to February 1952).
In 1953, he was appointed assistant director of the Office of Defense Mobilization where he served until his retirement in 1958.
A sovereign state that is located in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea towards the southern end of the Grenadine island chain, the nation is composed of the island Grenada along with six smaller islands that lie north of it.
Grenada is a developing country that relies heavily on the support of other nations and organizations to finance many of its government projects.
Grenada shares a common central bank with Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), and holds the East Caribbean dollars as its currency.
Hurricane Ivan in 2004 led to serious setbacks for Grenada, along with the Great Recession in 2008 as the United States of America is one of Grenada's largest trade partners.
The destruction brought on upon by Hurricane Ivan was devastating, but with the more powerful natural disasters accruing due to the warming of Earth's atmosphere, Grenada could quite possible be destroyed or even underwater.
Much actions are being taken place to counteract the effects of climate change that are seen in the policies Grenada has been implementing this year.
The Pride, led by sixth-year head coach Joe Mihalich, play their home games at Mack Sports Complex in Hempstead, New York as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
As a regular season champion who failed to win their league tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to NC State.
Mambru Went to War () is a 1985 Spanish drama film directed by Fernando Fernán-Gómez, written by Pedro Beltrán, scored by Carmelo A. Bernaola and starring Agustín González, Emma Cohen, Fernando Fernán-Gómez and María Asquerino.
Fernando Fernán Gómez received the Goya Award for Best Actor, and Pedro Beltrán and Agustín González were also nominated to Best Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor respectively.
The son of Victoria and Jamie Borwick (a Conservative politician and peer, respectively), Thomas Borwick studied at the University of Richmond, Virginia as well as Cambridge University.
Borwick worked for Cambridge Analytica and AggregateIQ, and was chief technology officer for Vote Leave before creating the campaigning group 3rd Party Ltd in order to influence the outcome of the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
As part of this campaign, Borwick ran targeted Facebook advertisements calling for voters to vote for the Green Party, in a move to divide the anti-Conservative vote in swing constituencies and gather data on Green voters.
He has also operated numerous other companies, including Disruptive Communications Ltd, which he started in partnership with Douglas Carswell, formerly of the UK Independence Party; and Voter Consultancy Ltd, whose micro-targeting of Facebook adverts led to death threats against anti-Brexit MPs and a subsequent investigation by the Information Commissioner's Office.
Borwick was critical of the restaurant's bouncers, who he claimed did not assist him after he cried for help, but instead simply escorted him from the premises.
Kala Keerthi Vini Vitharana () (2 June 1928 – 2 December 2019) was a Sri Lankan linguist, professor, lecturer and a scholar.
Vitharana had completed his primary education at the Christ Church College in Tangalle and pursued his higher education at the Mahinda College.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 45 and UHF channel 45, moving to channel 35, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
William Fawcett (26 December 1763–28 December 1844) was an engineer and manufacturer of guns and steam engines, supplying steam engines for some of the earliest steam ships in Britain and America, and for use on sugar plantations in America.
Fawcett was an apprentice engineer at the Phoenix Foundry in Liverpool, which was owned by the Darbys of Coalbrookdale and managed by his father-in-law.
When Rathbone died in 1790, he left £2,500 and five shares in the Iron Bridge on the River Severn to Fawcett.
Fawcett leased the Phoenix Foundry (for a seven year term) in 1790, and bought it from the Darbys in 1794 for £2,300, naming the firm Fawcett and Company.
The production of arms helped the firm prosper during the Napoleonic Wars, but Fawcett's fellow Quakers denounced him for his production of weapons of war and he left the faith.
Fawcett bought back part of the firm by the early 1820s, and in 1823 the Littledales sold their majority interest in the firm to the Preston family.
In 1827, William Fawcett received a patent, together with Matthew Clark, for a device for producing sugar from cane juice using the steam from a steam engine's boiler.
The ship is often named as the first ship used by the Peninsular Steam Navigation Company, which later became the P&O.
From 1868 to 1870 he was an articled clerk at the Kammergericht and then served again as a major in the Franco-Prussian War.
Like his father, Dönhoff also embarked on a diplomatic career and worked as secretary of legation for the Empire in Paris, Vienna, London, Saint Petersburg and Washington.
In Washington he made friends with the Interior Minister Carl Schurz and accompanied him on an adventurous journey to the American West.
Dönhoff laid down his diplomatic duties when, after his father's death in 1874, he took over his hereditary seat in the Prussian House of Lords.
In 1917 August von Dönhoff was one of the founding members of the German Fatherland Party, which advocated a perseverance policy and a peace of victory in the First World War.
During his club career, Jaakonsaari played for HIFK, Grankulla IFK, HJK Helsinki, Gefle IF, Vasalunds IF, Geylang International FC and FinnPa.
The problem is often underreported to the police, since major online retailers often return or refund items with no questions asked if the item is stolen.
While the severity of the crime in the United States is usually only minor, as of 2019, many lawmakers have begun to push for punishments of increased severity due to the skyrocketing instances of such crimes.
The rate of package theft in the United States has been steadily increasing, with 90,000 packages disappearing daily in New York City alone in 2019, up 20 percent from four years prior.
Across the country, more than 1.7 million packages are stolen or go missing daily, adding up to $25 million USD in lost goods and services.
Concerns that remote-controlled drones might allow for completely anonymous package theft in the future have prompted IBM to develop a blockchain system to prevent drone-enabled theft by monitoring drones' altitude.
In New York City, such cases are considered petit larceny, unless the value is above $1000 USD, in which case they are considered grand larceny.
The lack of an easy method to stop package theft has caused many to turn to neighbors to receive their packages for them.
It also began a program to share theft video from Ring doorbell cameras with police, but this led to controversy about privacy concerns.
In 2007, he fathered a daughter and had to work in a bicycle shop as a janitor and helper so he could earn a living to support his child.
The owner of the bicycle shop was Melvyn Fausto who also works as a coach for the Philippine national triathlon team.
Fausto taught Chicano in how to become a bicycle mechanic since he is already a cyclist and later taught him on how to become a triathlete.
Prior to training under Fausto, Chicano had no experience in how to swim and had to be taught in swimming for three months.
He settled for silver after he helped his compatriot, Huelgas in the cycling leg of the men's triathlon event who eventually won the gold medal.
Chicano himself won gold in the 2019 edition hosted at home in the Philippines with the men's triathlon event held in Subic.
The 1928 Wiley Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Wiley College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1928 college football season.
In their sixth season under head coach Fred T. Long, the team compiled a 9–0–1 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 282 to 28.
He was the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army between 1952 and 1955, and later served in ambassadorial offices to the Holy See, Japan, and Brazil.
He worked as a civil servant for some time, and joined the PETA military organization during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, rising to become a battalion commander.
After the proclamation of Indonesian independence, he organized a unit in the nascent BKR and later rose to the rank of a divisional commander, approving the General Offensive of 1 March 1949.
He became the military commander for East Java before becoming Army Chief of Staff in 1952, during a period of tension between the civilian government and the army.
He resigned in 1955, and during his ensuing diplomatic career attempted to garner support for Indonesia in the West New Guinea dispute.
During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Soegeng joined the Japanese-founded Defenders of the Homeland (PETA), where he was part of the 2nd battalion, based in Magelang, as a company commander.
Following the surrender of Japan, Soegeng moved to Temanggung where he formed a regiment for the People's Security Agency (BKR) for the Temanggung and Wonosobo area, which was organized under Sudirman's fifth division.
He was appointed a lieutenant colonel, and he managed to disarm the Japanese garrison without significant incident and took the Japanese soldiers as prisoners of war with little issue.
Soegeng assisted Gatot Soebroto in maintaining order in Surakarta during a period of disturbance in 1948, and by the time of the Madiun Affair, Soegeng was the military governor of the Yogyakarta-Kedu-Wonosobo region.
He was the superior officer of Suharto at the time, and Soegeng gave approval to the General Offensive of 1 March 1949, which resulted in a significant Indonesian political victory.
After the revolution concluded, Soegeng became the military commander for Kodam V/Brawijaya which covered East Java, between June 1950 and October 1952.
During the 17 October affair in 1952, Soegeng was on sick leave, and a power struggle occurred between his subordinates which resulted in the temporary acting commander, Lt. Col. Suwondho, being arrested and dismissed.
Soegeng, who was at the time still inactive yet considered a politically moderate and competent officer, was appointed acting Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army on 15 December 1952 replacing Abdul Haris Nasution.
Due to his illness during the coup attempt, he was seen as uninvolved in the incident, and he was considered as an acceptable compromise replacement for Nasution.
The early weeks of his tenure saw a clash with the politicians in Jakarta, when he attempted to appoint Joop Warouw as the regional commander for East Indonesia.
The Cabinet then reversed its stance in order to prevent further ministerial resignations and attempted to appoint another officer, Col. Sadikin, but this was countered by Soegeng also threatening to resign.
Soegeng's resignation was rejected, and Sadikin did not indicate readiness for this appointment, resulting in Warouw maintaining his post without immediate further resignations.
Even with Soegeng's appointment, the East Java division was still dissatisfied, and in one occasion when Soegeng accompanied Wilopo on a trip to the Kodam's headquarters, they were greeted by tanks instead of the leaders and an empty headquarter office.
Soegeng would once again threaten to resign in December 1953, when the Defense Minister at the time Iwa Kusumasumantri made several controversial appointments to the Army General Staff.
Several of the territorial commanders responded to Soegeng's threat by demanding Iwa's resignation, but they were eventually convinced to back down and Soegeng withdrew his resignation once more, accepting the new appointees.
Aside from these issues, Soegeng's time as Chief of Staff also saw the initiation of the numerical registration of army soldiers, and Soegeng himself was registered with the code 10001.
Soegeng had felt that he was unable to implement the resolutions in the charter, furthered by the lack of government response to the demands.
Miss United States 1960, also referred to as Miss World USA 1960, was the 3rd edition of the Miss United States World pageant and it was held in Bridgeport, Connecticut and was originally won by Annette Driggers of New York City, NY.
Driggers, however, was dethroned after it was revealed that she was only 15 years old and not 20 like she had said.
Hina Saleem (19 December 1985 – 11 August 2006) was a Pakistani woman resident in Italy who was killed in an honour killing, in Zanano di Sarezzo, province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy.
Mohammed expressed disagreement with Hina's life choices after the family arrived in Italy, complaining about her Westernization due to the Western boyfriend and her habit of smoking cigarettes, and he instead wanted her in an arranged marriage.
Mohammad contacted her and asked her to come to the house in Brescia to meet a cousin visiting in the area.
Hina's boyfriend reported her missing on Saturday 19 August 2006 and the Carabinieri searched the house, finding the body buried in the garden and blood in Hina's bedroom.
In 2016 Saleem's mother stated that she forgave her husband, and that the media articles inaccurately portrayed the family as being against western culture when this was not the case.
Italian Interior Minister Giuliano Amato stated that the event made him reconsider a plan to reduce the waiting period for Italian citizenship; he previously proposed reducing it from ten to five.
He did magnetism experiments by putting objects on water or mercury, using surface tension to make them float and magnets to move them.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 45 and UHF channel 35, moving to channel 32, is owned by Tutt Media Group.
It was changed to WTMJ-LD on September 28, 2012, then WJSW-LD October 2, 2012, and finally to the current WTMQ-LD on January 2, 2013.
Antoine Davis (born October 3, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Detroit Mercy Titans of the Horizon League.
Davis was born in Bloomington, Indiana, where his father, Mike Davis, was a member of the Indiana Hoosiers basketball coaching staff under Bob Knight.
In part to continue his partnership with Lucas, he was homeschooled from seventh grade through high school and played basketball for the Homeschool Christian Youth Association (HCYA), a private homeschool support organization based in Houston.
Davis played for Houston Hoops on the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) circuit and averaged 23 points per game as a senior for HCYA.
A consensus three-star recruit, he was considered undersized, at and , and did not receive offers from any major NCAA Division I programs.
Davis had 23 games in which he scored 20 or more points, and his 784 points was one behind Rashad Phillips' single-season school record 785 points in the 2000-01 season.
Davis was the third-leading scorer in NCAA Division I with 26.1 points per game, to go with 3.1 rebounds and 3.6 assists per game.
Mike has coached various NCAA Division I teams, including Indiana, where he was an assistant to legendary coach Bob Knight before succeeding him.
He started doing photographs in the high school, and was accepted in the photography department of the Academy of Dramatic Art of the University of Zagreb.
In the morning of 6 December 1991 he was deadly hit by a shell fragment while he was taking his last photographs.
Part of his work, including a series of 12 photos he took just before he was killed, his now part of the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in Dubrovnik.
Shah Neyamat Ullah came to this region with some disciples in 1659 when Shah Shuja was the governor of Bengal and Odisha.
In 1992, the Department of Archaeology took charge of the maintenance and renovation of the mosque and listed it as an archaeological site.
During his senior year, Surratt was named Parade National Player of the Year and a Parade All-American, as well as the Associated Press offensive player of the year in North Carolina.
Recruited by then-Coach Larry Fedora to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to play quarterback, Surratt redshirted during his first season with the program.
Named the starting quarterback during his redshirt freshman season, replacing graduate transfer Brandon Harris, Surratt struggled with both inconsistency and injury, appearing in nine games and starting seven.
He is currently the deputy secretary-general of Executives of Construction Party, and formerly served as the secretary-general of Iron Ore Producers' and Exporters' Association of Iran (IROPEX).
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 27 and UHF channel 27, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
The station’s construction permit was initially issued on February 25, 2010 under the calls of K27KI-D and changed to the current callsign of KBKI-LD.
It has been recorded to associate with hematite, langbeinite, calciolangbeinite, arcanite, krasheninnikovite, lammerite, labberite-β, johillerite, bradaczekite, urusovite, fluoborite, gahnite, orthoclase, and fluorophlogopite.
Wulffite has been found to reside about a meter down in between layers of basalt scoria and small 2-inch volcanic plutons, otherwise known as volcanic bombs, where most of the common chemicals are sulfates, arsenate, and oxides.
Wulffite was found in abundance at the active monogenetic volcanic Arsenatnaya fumarole where the temperature ranged from 360-380ºC where Wulffite was found to mainly form, but with other nearby fumaroles reaching temperatures up to 430ºC.
The fumarole also showed through analysis that atmospheric air interacts with the fumarole, enriching it in HO, HF, HCl, SO, CO.
The Tolbachik volcano in Russia at 55º41´N 160º14´E, at an elevation of 1200 meters, is so far the only place to have Wulffite occurring.
They form individually or in coarse clusters and crusts of elongated prismatic crystals reaching a maximum size of 2 mm long and 1.2 mm thick with groups of clusters stretching 1 cm across.
The crystal colors take on being a dark emerald green to a bluish tinted green, dark green being the most common.
The mineral has also shown strong optical phenomenon of pleochroism that absorbs light and changes the color from emerald green to pale green (Z dark emerald green > Y green > X pale green).
All of the physical properties of Wulffite can be contributed to the highly volcanic environment in which they formed and the amount of elements available for it to form at all.
Wulffite has also been shown to dissolve in water showing that its bonds are weak enough to dissolve in room temperature water.
Many forms of X-ray analysis were performed such as X-ray Powder Diffraction, Single Crystal Diffraction and Jeol JSM-6480LV a scanning electron microscope to find the chemical composition and crystal structure to compile the data of the new mineral.
The analysis showed that Wulffite has an orthorhombic crystal system structure with a basic unit of a heteropolyhedral quasi-framework formed from Cu-O-S chains.
From Chemical and Optical properties, the tests also showed how the chains run along the [010] with a center of Copper pyramids and SO tetrahedra.
Wulffite can also be distinguished from the similar Parawulffite by its difference in Cu-O-S chain structures, since Wulffite is mainly centered around the SO tetrahedra and with the chains being interconnected instead of distorted.
Army/Navy Transportable Pulse-Radar Search-32 (AN/TPS-32) was a three-dimensional, tactical long-range surveillance radar operated by the United States Marine Corps from late 1960s through the early 1990s.
Developed by ITT Gilfillan in Van Nuys, California, the radar was the primary sensor for the Marine Corps' Tactical Air Operations Center (TAOC) and was optimized to work in concert with the MIM-23 Hawk Missile System and the Marine Tactical Data System.
It was the service's first three dimensional radar providing range, azimuth and altitude from one array thus precluding the need for a Height-finder radar.
Unlike the old mechanically scanned arrays that utilized analog technology, the TPS-32 was 90% digital, solid-state electronics possessing a phased Antenna array.
Also new for the design of this radar was the use of three Crossed-field amplifiers as the microwave amplifiers in the very-high-power transmitter.
Myanmar (officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and also known as Burma), officially joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as of January 3, 1952; shortly before the end of term for the Union of Myanmar's first President, Sao Shwe Thaik, and the induction of Ba U.
Since the induction of Myanmar as a member of the institution, they have made six arrangements with the IMF with its most recent arrangement made in 1981.
As of 2019, they are currently led by Kyaw Kyaw Maung and Alternate U Soe Thein; their Special Drawing Rights (SDR) is at 0.79 million and quota consists of $516.8 million SDR which is 0.11% of the total IMF funds available.
As of 2019, the country is under one of the twenty-four Executive Boards that facilitates the day to day operations of the IMF, led by Alisara Mahasandana and Alternate Keng Heng Tan; their co-board members consist of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Republic of Fiji, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, and Vietnam.
The Executive Board accumulates around 218,545 total votes which account for 4.34% of the Fund's total, Myanmar allocates 6,633 of the votes (0.13% of the total votes in the IMF).
According to the IMF, Myanmar's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is at an estimated $355.609 billion with an estimated GDP per capita of $6,707.167 and an estimated inflation rate of 7.841%.
As of 2017, Myanmar has exported roughly $15 billion and imported $21.2 billion, leaving a negative trade balance of $6.14 billion.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a multilateral agency that ensures the stabilization of the international economy through economic surveillance, provide short-term loans whilst trying to correct inherent economic issues, and assist in modernizing economies to the 189 countries they are accountable for.
Transactions were made with the IMF between 1984-1991, in which the outstanding credit has been consistently paid back; signifying that the IMF has considered the conditions of the state to refrain from imposing struggle.
In 1995, Myanmar's external debt consisted mostly of bilateral debt with the remainder being private; the country was strongly advised to utilize Fund programs to alleviate debt.
Myanmar has joined the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization with China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Brunei, and Laos.
It was a measure in response to the crisis of having insufficient foreign reserves to fulfill their short-term foreign currency obligations, with the intention to develop self-help mechanisms for East Asian countries to prevent the over-reliance on the IMF.
An oppressive collective of military leaders, military junta, took over the governing body of Myanmar from 1962 until 2011 and were often noted for its human rights violations.
The ratification of the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, was a long-awaited response from the military junta after their refusal to recognize the results of the 1990 General Elections and the house arrest of Aung San Suu Kyi.
Under the new constitution, it is stated that the country is to practice a multi-party democratic system and a market economy system.
The IMF acknowledged the fragility of the Myanmar government, aiding in the creation of reforms in taxation for medium-term solutions in the gradual strengthening of institutions through the concentration of large taxpayers.
The IMF has also indicated that both constituents and political leaders have recognized the legitimacy of these reformations, but lack the modernization and risk management to face further economic challenges.
Their banking sector has undergone restructuring, uncovering many fragile aspects of the banks; their four state-owned banks strengthened state sectors and large firms, allowing for private sector firms to procure a large market share of banking deposits (64%) and banking loans (82%).
The IMF's consultation concluded that the banking sectors absence towards recapitalization has exposed fragility in the sector through large-scale financial spillovers.
The Rohingya people are an ethnic group established in the Rakhine State of Myanmar, their initial attempts for freedoms were largely defeated.
Under the military junta, their political and civil rights slowly diminished and were often met with religious violence; ultimately rendering them stateless and forcing pilgrimage to Malaysia or Bangladesh.
Local government has limited or restrained human rights investigators and humanitarian access, and constrained efforts through intensifying security tensions throughout the Rakhine area.
The IMF's consensus throughout the consultation held the humanitarian issues within the Rohingya conflict as a significant factor contributing to the stagnating growth of Myanmar's economic reforms.
International actors have concentrated on the issue as a determining factor towards contributing to Myanmar's IMF financing and transition towards large-scale financial projects, although the IMF has viewed the country's progress in the conflict to have decreased significantly.
He also worked as a translator and photographer for CNN and the BBC after the start of the Civil War and hosted an English-language radio program.
Due to his work for these outlets, he was targeted by Islamic militias during the period after the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi.
In 2014, he moved to Portland in the United States as part of a Department of State exchange program at Portland State University.
In January 2019, he was briefly detained by U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents who accused him of being in the United States illegally.
Elshieky began his career in comedy when he hosted a comedic political call-in radio show in Benghazi, but the radio station was burned down after the jokes offended local Islamic groups.
The men's team tournament for indoor hockey at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines were held from 4 to 10 December 2019 at LB Centro Mall & Convention Center.
The women's team tournament for indoor hockey at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines are held from 4 to 10 December 2019 at LB Centro Mall & Convention Center.
Bessie Bell Collier was born in Cohasset, Massachusetts, the eldest of five children born to Edmund Pomeroy Collier and Ella Bell Sargent Collier.
In 1913 Collier and singer Marie Sundelius gave a benefit concert to raise funds for the American Red Cross for flood victims.
She also funded a scholarship for women students of her old teacher, Franz Kneisel, when he taught at Kneisel Hall in Blue Hill, Maine.
As part of this goal, Itach Ma’aki emphasizes creation of multicultural gender discourse within diverse Israeli communities most subject to marginalization, including Palestinian, Haredi, Ethiopian-Israeli, and Russian-speaking communities.
Board members include legal scholars Netta Ziv (), Daphna Hacker and Yofi Tirosh (), attorneys Nasrin Aalimi Kabha and Rachel Benziman, journalist Anat Saragusti, political scholar Henriette Dahan Caleb.
Major contributors include the New Israel Fund, which also transfers tax-free contributions from the United States, the Hadassa Women's Foundation, the Dafna Foundation, and the Levi Lausen Foundation.
Itach Ma'aki belongs to various coalitions and forums aligned with its ideology and purposes, including Women, Peace and Security - Resolution 1325, Forum of women's organisations and Forums for Young Women's NGO's.
Itach Ma’aki acts in the areas of public housing, social security, collections, and other rights of women in low-wage employment, as well as issues of sexual harassment and sexual violence in the workplace.
The Association provides legal advice, and represents women in legal cases, while also working to create policy change for various legal issues.
In the public advocacy sphere, Itach Ma'aki joined a group of Israeli organizations in 2009, which approached the Attorney General to examine whether the IDF violated international law during the 2008-2009 Gaza War.
Following the establishment of the Turkel Commission to investigate the 2010 flotilla to Gaza, Itach Ma'aki petitioned the High Court of Justice against the Government of Israel and the Turkel Commission due to the absence of women on the Government appointed Public Commission (HCJ 5660/10 Itach-Ma'aki v Prime Minister).
The petition argued that the absence of women on the Commission dealing with such an important issue contravenes International Law and Section 6c1 of Israel's Women's Equal Rights Law; therefore, the High Court of Justice is required to intervene.
The High Court ordered the Government to appoint a woman to the Commission, and the Court's ruling on this matter constitutes, still to date, one of the legal foundations for appropriate representation of women.
It was established in Beer Sheva in 2006, when the many calls to the Association from this highly marginalized group made clear the urgent need for assistance.
One of the main areas the center assists with is with Social Security rights, especially income guarantee stipends for single mothers and women in polygamous marriages.
In addition, the center works on behalf of Bedouin women's rights through petitions to the High Court of Justice, attending Knesset conferences, and publishing reports and position papers in collaboration with other organizations in the Negev.
In 2013, Itach Ma'aki published a groundbreaking report, which, for the first time, provides statistics on the extent of domestic violence against Bedouin women in the Negev.
Among other findings, the report exposes how the lack of enforcement of the criminal prohibition on polygamy is one of the factors that increases violence.
NATA enlists the support and involvement of Knesset members from the entire political spectrum, as well as parents' organizations, in order to increase teaching assistant salaries, end summer dismissal of special-needs and medical-needs teaching assistants, add a second assistant in kindergartens, and create a dialogue with senior officials in the Ministry of Education and the Center for Local Government.
In 2011, the Association filed lawsuits on behalf of women working in non-officially recognized kindergartens within the Ultra-Orthodox community for equal employment terms as those of women working in official State recognized kindergartens.
The significance of the ruling is that it compensated the women for the terms of their employment up until the date of the ruling and provided an opening for additional teaching assistants to demand comparable conditions.
The Association's City for All project is inspired by the model women's network established in Rishon LeZion, which aims to advance the status of women and promote gender equality locally.
Through duplication and development of the model, the Association hopes to develop gender mainstreaming that will actually integrate women into decision-making processes in local authorities.
UN Security Council Resolution 1325 of October 31, 2000, promotes diverse representation of women in decision-making positions, protection of women from violence, implementation of gender analysis and gender mainstreaming, and the prevention of conflict.
Therefore, since 2007, the Association has been acting through petitions to the High Court of Justice, the establishment of conferences and seminars, and participation in committees in the Knesset, in order to implement and advance the resolution's commitments.
Inspired by many countries worldwide that have advocated comprehensive action plans to implement these principles, the Association, together with dozens of women's organizations, drafted a comprehensive plan of action.
Two years later, the plan was launched at a convention and was presented to the Government, Knesset members and ambassadors from all over the world.
In December 2014, following intensive efforts to advance the overall plan of action, the Israeli Government decided that the State will formulate a Governmental Action Plan.
According to the Government's decision, the future plan will be based on global examples and the comprehensive plan of action drafted by the civil society.
The purpose of the Center is to develop and strengthen activism among groups of Arab and Jewish women in the North, to raise awareness of socioeconomic rights, to protect women from violence, and to improve enforcement of their rights.
Itach Ma'aki supports a national group of young women activists from various backgrounds who act to change policy on issues facing marginalized youth who lack support systems and services once they turn 18.
The group’s goal is to engender critical thinking for getting the issue onto the public agenda and changing the prevailing situation in which policy regarding young women is shaped without their participation and without their knowledge.
Together with the Heschel Center for Sustainability, Civic Leadership, and the Heinrich Bőll Foundation, Itach Ma'aki is working to promote the 2030 Agenda in Israel.
Activities include the November 2018 milestone conference, attended by 120 civil society delegates and the issuing of the July 2019 Government Report, drafted by an inter-ministerial task force appointed by the Prime Minister, and which will be submitted to the United Nations.
Deals with health and safety hazards that cleaning women and caregivers for the elderly are exposed to in their work, specifically the use of hazardous substances.
This project involves a number of stages: mapping of needs, reviewing the existing situation and building a database, forming groups to empower women and train them for on-the-ground activities, and raising awareness among cleaning women and caregivers for the elderly.
This project arose as a result of women’s experiences in the institutional health system in Israel and of participants in the Legal Feminism Clinic run by Itach Ma'aki, recognizing the inherent difficulties and the complex balance of power present in the doctor-patient relationship.
The project's goal is to raise awareness among patients and the public, and promote public policy to create an effective response system in the healthcare system to deal with complaints and provide treatment for women who experience sexual harm and abuse by caregivers.
Be Biauw Tjoan, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen (1826–1904; also spelt Bhe Biauw Tjoan) was one of the most important Chinese-Indonesian magnates in the second half of the nineteenth century.
A bureaucrat, revenue farmer and businessman, he headed the influential Be family of Bagelen, part of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry of the Indies.
Born in Central Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), Be was the eldest son of a ‘totok’ or first-generation Chinese migrant, the self-made tycoon and, later, bureaucrat Be Ing Tjioe, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen (1803–1857) by his ‘Peranakan’ wife, Tjoa Tjoe Nio.
The Be family of Bagelen rose up economically and socially through its intimate association with the more established Tan family of Semarang, one of Java’s most powerful Cabang Atas families.
As part of this strategic alliance, Be Biauw Tjoan and his brother, Be Ik Sam, were betrothed and married off to the daughters of Tan Hong Yan, the 2nd Majoor der Chinezen of Semarang: Tan Ndjiang Nio and Tan Bien Nio respectively.
The Chinese officership, consisting of the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen, was an arm of the colonial civil bureaucracy through which the Dutch governed their Chinese subjects in the Indies.
Be’s involvement in Semarang’s Chinese bureaucracy was, probably, minimal – at least, later on – given his active career as a revenue farmer and businessman.
According to the historian James R. Rush, Be stood at the heart of the Tan-Be Kongsi, or business partnership, that dominated Java’s opium farm leases, the colony’s most lucrative revenue farms, from the 1860s until the 1880s.
The Majoor-titulair also had interests in other revenue farms, rice, sugar, plantations, shipping, warehousing and property all the way to Singapore, where he allegedly maintained a secret stake in the British colony’s opium farm.
In the 1860s, Christian Castens, the Resident of Bagelen gathered evidence of Be’s involvement in large-scale opium smuggling and distribution, not only to supplement the Kongsi’s official allotment, but also to undermine neighboring opium farms.
In 1863 – in a massive blow to the Be-Tan partnership – Ludolph Anne Jan Witt, Baron Sloet van de Beele, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, stripped Be of his titular Chinese mayoralty, and imposed a hefty fine on him and his partners for their illegal opium dealings.
Through a lengthy appeal to the colonial supreme court, Be was cleared of all charges in 1872, and was restored to his former position.
In 1876, though his competitor submitted a formal complaint to the lower house of the Dutch parliament against Be’s supposed undermining of his opium farm, nothing was ever conclusively proven against him.
The Majoor-titulair remained legally beyond reach, and retained his pre-eminence in the bureaucratic hierarchy and in business until the end of his life.
The Thai monarch made his host a Knight of the Order of the While Elephant, which enhanced Be’s prominence in Java.
In 1914, his family founded Be Biauw Tjoan Bank, named after the deceased paterfamilias, which became one of the most important commercial banks in the colony for the next decade until its liquidation in 1927 due to the sugar crisis.
Nonetheless, the Be family of Bagelen would remain one of the premier families of the Cabang Atas until the Indonesian revolution of 1945.
The European Union Monitor Mission Medal (EUMM) is a medal which recognizes service with the European Union Monitoring Mission in the former Yugoslavia which ran from 2000-2007.
Originally called the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), the mission came about as part of the Brijuni Agreement of 8 July 1991, which ended hostilities between Slovenia and Yugoslavia.
For those members of the mission who are killed while assigned to the monitor mission, there is no minimum period of service.
As a member of the centre-right party The People of Freedom, he ran for Mayor of Rovigo at the 2011 Italian local elections.
Amelio Poggi (9 October 1914 – 23 December 1974) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including stints as Apostolic Nuncio in Rwanda, Uganda, and Syria.
On 8 December 1987, Pope John Paul assigned him to the Secretariat of State and on 27 February 1988, he appointed Rotunno Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, allowing him to keep the personal title archbishop.
Fladt composed numerous stage works, including opera and ballet, but also chamber music, orchestral and choral works, film music and children's songs.
Oliver Francis Reginald Copestake (1 September 1921–1953) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The Changan Ford International Curling Elite (known formally as the Qinghai Curling Elite and originally as the Qinghai International) is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, held in Xining, Qinghai, China.
Over the three years that the tournament has been held, there has been teams from 15 different countries that have participated: Canada, China, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, South Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland and United States.
He was also a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team from 1996 until 2000, during which time he usually lined out as a corner-forward.
In this song played as a mini soap opera Mr. Biggs (played by Ron Isley), has caught his girlfriend, Asia (played by Kim Johnson) getting out of Kellz (Played by R.Kelly) car, where they had allegedly being going at it.
The video, featuring a appearance by half member of the ilsey Brother Ernie Isley.The video was uploaded on music video site VEVO.The music video follows the storyline of the song's lyrics.
It opens with Asia played by Kim Johnson being dropped off on driveway by her alleged boyfriend played boyfriend R Kelly, She then creeps into the house at 2am.
Mid-way in the video, Asia and Mr. Biggs (played by Ron Isley) are seen arguing and her making up lies about where she’s been all night.
Then Mr. Biggs tells Asia to go upstairs and pack her bags and she keeps begging and promising to tell the truth.
Frederick Hogg (24 April 1918–2001) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Halifax Town, Luton Town and Mansfield Town.
Special Protection Group (Amendment) Bill 2019 was a bill passed by Indian parliament in 2019 which reduces Special Protection Group cover to only Prime Minister, former Prime Minister and their immediate family members up to 5 years after ceasing post if they are residing at the residence allotted.
Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha, lower house of parliament, on 25 November 2018 by minister of state for home affairs--G. Kishan Reddy.
On 3rd December 2019, bill was inroduced to Rajya Sabha by Home minister Amit Shah and was subsequently passed on the same day.
While introducing the bill in Lok Sabha, Reddy said that there was no cut off period in existing act for providing SPG protection to former prime ministers or members of their immediate families.
Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha, called the bill and move to amend the Special Protection Group Act 1988 as 'Political Vendetta' and alleged that government was trying to target the family which lost two lives for nation.
Amit Shah, Home minister of India, alleged that previous amendments in Special Protection Group Act 1988 were attempts to ensure continued protection for a family.
In addition, he alleged that amendments to the act were effected in 1991, 1994, 1999 and 2003 and one more amendment was being brought to revert the original spirit of the act.
Subramanian Swamy, nominated member in Rajya Sabha, said that all are equal before law and 'Gandhis' can't be given special treatment and added that the assassination of Indira Gandhi had nothing to do with lack of security.
Adem Bogocli began his career at the age of 16 as DJ Rapmaster A, mostly performing mixtapes and remixes of Hip hop and Rnb tracks.
Kathleen O'Brennan (20 November 1876 - 1948) was an Irish campaigner for Irish independence in the US, a journalist and a playwright.
Catherine Mary Brennan was born 20 November 1876, the daughter of Francis Brennan, auctioneer, and his wife, Elizabeth Anne Butler, while they lived in 11 South Richmond Street, Dublin.
She didn't let her absence from Dublin prevent her from working hard to ensure the success of Ireland's bid for independence.
In the aftermath of the rising her lectures became more and more political and included details she got from her sisters and photos of Éamonn Ceannt and his son.
The entry for the United States into the war in 1917 meant that her opposition to Great Britain was a threat due to the relationship between the allies.
She was also connected to the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) through her association with Dr. Marie Equi which did not ease the suspicions of her.
Her close ties with Equi were a potentially limiting factor due to the other woman's politics and sexual orientation and a belief that the women were in a relationship.
When Equi was arrested O'Brennan was part of the leadership to get her released and continued to agitate until in 1919 she herself was arrested.
O'Brennan worked to develop the Women’s Irish Education League, founded in San Francisco in May 1919, before finally returning to Ireland.
There O'Brennan, Gertrude Kelly and Gertrude Corless founded and ran the American Women Pickets for the Enforcement of America’s War Aims,(AWP).
They challenged what american identity was about and O'Brennan proposed that it was as much about rebelling against British rule thus tying the fight for Irish freedom back to the American Revolution.
During the Irish Civil War, de Valera used O'Brennan's socialist reputation to approach soviet foreign minister Georgy Chicherin while in Switzerland.
Her personal papers are currently held in the National Library of Ireland along with those of Éamonn Ceannt, of his wife Áine and of her sister Lily.
She is known for her involvement in developing an interdisciplinary approach to occupational health and her work on laws concerning reproduction.
Blegen began her medical practice as a hospital physician in 1960 and then in 1963 began working as a physician in Afghanistan for the United Nations.
At that time, London was developing family planning centers and Blegen visited the counseling centers which offered advice on abortion and contraception.
The law of 1964, which decriminalized the medical procedure made it obtainable only upon the application of a woman's general practitioner to a panel, which then made the decision for her.
Activists and physicians believed that the law should be revised as it limited women's agency over their own bodies and by 1969, research showed inequality in the panels' decisions on abortion applications.
In 1970, Blegen was hired as an assistant director to the Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs and that year helped found the Office for Prevention and Abortion in Oslo.
The goal of the office, staffed by health personnel, was to help women complete the applications for a legal abortion, with professional guidance.
The new clinic allowed the physicians to offer evening consultations and served to change the perception of contraceptive service among both the public and medical community.
In her work with the Health Directorate, Svindland worked to implement the Health Stations Act passed in 1972 which required all municipalities to take over the clinics for mothers and children that up to that point had been operated by the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association.
The article was accompanied by a list of 300 known doctors who would not perform abortions, with the hope that it would make the process easier for women to know which doctors were unlikely to assist them.
That year, they also made the decision to expand their service beyond applications, assisting with the appeals process, and if that failed, to finding safe alternatives abroad.
Campaigning in favor of self-determination, sex education in schools and equality in education and the right to work, the Labor Party, in a coalition with the Socialist Left Party won the election and formed the new government.
In May 1978, legislation was passed to allow self-determined abortion and though Svindland was pleased that reform had been passed, she did not agree with the provision that allowed health personnel to refuse to provide the procedure.
During her time in the government, Svindland held various cabinet posts and was responsible for developing an interdisciplinary method for coordinating operational health regulations and establishing a working environmental law.
She served from 1978 to 1980 on the Occupational Health Services Council of the Ministry of Social Affairs, from 1980 to 1984 on the Product Control Council of the Ministry of the Environment, and from 1985 to 1987 on the Pollution Council of the Ministry of the Environment.
In 1987, she became the director of Occupational Health Services in the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority, managing its 70 affiliated entities and legislation on healthcare and continued working there through the mid-1990s.
Besides her early work for the United Nations, in 1972, she attended the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm and was instrumental in the passage of a proposal for increased funding for family planning.
In 1978, she spoke on violence against women and female circumcision at the Socialist International Women Conference held in Vancouver, British Columbia, which resulted in a resolution against the practice of female genital mutilation.
In a 1995 interview, Svindland stated she had never been a politician, but had used political tools when it was necessary.
LaRoche was appointed a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Marine Microbial Genomics and Biogeochemistry, and her husband was appointed the University's Canada Excellence Research Chair.
In 2016, she received $149,900 in funding for her plankton research project, which allowed her to purchase a holographic microscope for a commercial ship she uses to study the Deep Panuke drilling station.
Previously, her team had only been able to analyze sample of water twice a year until The Atlantic Canadian company voluntarily provided the lab with free access on the Atlantic Condor.
The next year, she partnered with Canada C3, a 150-day expedition along the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific coasts, to collect and share data.
Ann Aurelia López is an environmental studies scholar and a team member of the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science.
Although growing up wasn’t the easiest, López was surrounded by a family of teachers and because of it, found comfort in her schooling.
Her science courses provided her the stability and support she needed to excel through high school and continue on to college.
Continuing past a master's degree, López pursued her doctorate at the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1994, completing the degree in 2002.
López is the founder and executive director of the Center for Farmworker Families, which is a 501(c)(3) organization that aims to improve the lives of Mexican-American binational farmers and their families while educating the public about the hardships and inequalities they experience.
The organization works directly with farmers and communities to carry out projects in Mexico and California, including funding, structures, and educational resources.
Prior to her position as executive director, López was a professor at San José City College where she taught biology and environmental science courses.
The medal is awarded by the Legislative Assembly of Madeira to 'natural or legal entities, public or private, national or foreign, living or posthumously, who have rendered outstanding services to the Region or who, for any other reason, the Region understands that must be distinguish ”.
The decision of the attribution is made by the Standing Committee of the Assembly, having received a proposal «of any of the sovereign organs of the Republic, of the Regional Government or of any member of the Legislative Assembly» and taking the opinion of the President of the Regional Government or of a Regional Secretary and of other entities in the area concerned.
The medal model must comply with the following requirements defined by law: be made of silver, have a silver filigree cord and bear, on its reverse, the cross of the Order of Christ (present on the flag and coat of arms of Madeira) and the sayings 'Autonomous Region of Madeira' and 'Portuguese Republic'.
To date, the medal has only been awarded to five personalities, three of them Madeirans (Ornelas Camacho, Rodrigues and Ronaldo) and two continental ones (Sá Carneiro and Bishop Santana).
The archery competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines were held from 5 to 9 December 2019 at Clark Parade Grounds in Mabalacat, Philippines.
The name comes from The Bureau, which was a Freedmen's Bureau that served as both a church and a school for the local communities.
It can be seen on the Map of Caroline County from 1875, as well as the 1897 Saulsbury Map of Caroline County, Maryland.
Elizabeth G. Loboa is an American biomedical engineer, inventor, researcher and academic administrator currently serving at the University of Missouri as the vice chancellor for strategic partnerships since 2018, 11th dean of the College of Engineering since October 2015, and Ketcham Professor of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering.
On December 9th 2019, Dr. Elizabeth G. Loboa was named as the next Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Southern Methodist University (SMU) effective July 6th 2020.
As chief academic officer for the University, she will be responsible for the overall quality of teaching, scholarship and research and all aspects of academic life, ranging from admissions and faculty development to supervision of SMU’s eight schools, library system, and international programs.
SMU's eight degree granting schools; Cox School of Business, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Dedman School of Law, Meadows School of the Arts, Lyle School of Engineering, Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, Perkins School of Theology, and Simmons School of Education and Human Development.
Loboa joined the University of Missouri as dean of the College of Engineering in October 2015, where she oversees more than 140 faculty members and approximately 3,500 undergraduate and graduate students.
As one of the co-leaders, Loboa was instrumental in the largest capital research project ever undertaken at the University of Missouri – the $221 million NextGen Precision Health Institute.
She worked to bring together the assets of five MU colleges – Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, Arts & Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Veterinary Medicine – in partnership with the Truman VA Hospital, the MU Research Reactor, and MU Healthcare.
Previously, Loboa was associate chair and professor of the Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (UNC) and North Carolina State University (NCSU), and a professor of materials science and engineering at NCSU.
Loboa serves on the advisory boards of the Association of American Universities’ Strategy for Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination, and the Columbia Business Times; the board of directors of the Heart of Missouri United Way and the Missouri Innovation Center; the executive council of the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society, Inc.; and on the nominations committee for the American Institute for Medical and Biomedical Engineering, among others.
Loboa is an editorial board member for Current Stem Cell Reports, Scientific Reports, Biomedical Materials, and Tissue Engineering and previously served as an editorial board member of Open Orthopaedics Journal, and a member-at-large and board member of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
She received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California, Davis in 1995, followed by a master’s degree in biomechanical engineering in 1997 and a doctorate in mechanical engineering in 2002 from Stanford University.
The eleventh series, also known as Operación Triunfo 2020, began airing on La 1 on 12 January 2020, presented by Roberto Leal.
Unlike the seasons previously aired by TVE, the series will not serve as the platform to select the Spanish entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020; singer Blas Cantó was internally selected by the broadcaster instead.
Further changes were revealed during the presentation press conference on January 9, including different privileges to the favorite of the audience, who will no longer be automatically exempt from nomination, and the suppression of the usual limit to the number of contestants up for elimination.
On 12 December 2019, it was announced that the panel would consist of four permanent judges, without the presence of rotatory guest judges like in the previous two seasons.
It was announced that the panel would consist of music radio director Javier Llano – who was previously a permanent judge on series 4, 5 and 6 –, musician and talent scout Javier Portugués, singer and songwriter Natalia Jiménez, and singer and actress Nina – who was previously the headmaster of the Academy on series 1, 2, 3 and 8 – are the judges.
After the open auditions, 86 candidates were called for the final auditions that took place from 25 November to 26 November 2019 in Barcelona.
For the first time, all phases of the casting auditions were streamed live via YouTube up until the announcement of the last thirty candidates.
The audience votes for their favourite performer, and the contestant with the most votes receives a privilege in the competition, which varies every week.
The Constitution of the United States gives Congress the authority to remove the president of the United States from office in two separate proceedings.
The first one takes place in the House of Representatives which impeaches the president by approving articles of impeachment through a simple majority vote.
Three presidents have been impeached by the House of Representatives in U.S. history: Andrew Johnson in 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998, and Donald Trump in 2019.
An impeachment proceeding formally begins with a resolution adopted by the full House of Representatives, which typically includes a referral to a House committee to proceed with an impeachment inquiry.
If the Committee finds grounds for impeachment, it will set forth specific allegations of misconduct in one or more articles of impeachment.
A simple majority of those present and voting is required for each article for the resolution as a whole to pass.
The proceedings in the Senate unfold similar to a jury trial, with the Chief Justice presiding and Senate members acting as the jury.
Following a conviction, the Senate may also vote by a simple majority to punish the individual further by barring them from holding future federal office, elected or appointed.
Thus, if the Senate has the required two-thirds super-majority vote to remove a president from office during their first term, it would have to hold a second vote to ban them completely from running for reelection.
Once removed, convicted individuals would still be subject to criminal prosecutions in an actual court of law for the same factual situations.
Three presidents have been impeached in U.S. history: Andrew Johnson in 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998, and Donald Trump in 2019.
The Tenure of Office Act was enacted over Johnson's veto to curb his power and he openly violated it in early 1868.
The charges stemmed from a sexual harassment lawsuit filed against Clinton by Arkansas state employee Paula Jones and from Clinton's testimony denying that he had engaged in a sexual relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.
Clinton was acquitted by the Senate with neither article receiving the required two-thirds majority or a simple majority of the votes.
After a whistleblower accused President Donald Trump of pressuring a foreign government to interfere on Trump's behalf in the 2020 election, the House initiated an impeachment inquiry.
798, by a vote of 228-193, to appoint the House impeachment managers and send the articles of impeachment to the Senate.
The House impeachment managers included House Intelligence Committee Chair Adam Schiff (D-CA), House Judiciary Committee Chair Jerry Nadler (D-NY), House Administration Committee Chair Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), House Democratic Caucus Chair Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY), Rep. Val Demings (D-FL), Rep. Jason Crow (D-CO), and Rep. Sylvia Garcia (D-TX).
The presidential defense team included White House Counsel Pat Cipollone, personal attorney Jay Sekulow, Deputy White House Counsel Mike Purpura, Deputy White House Counsel Patrick F. Philbin, former Harvard Law School Professor Alan Dershowitz, former Independent Counsel Ken Starr, former Independent Counsel Robert Ray, former Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi, private attorney Jane Raskin, and private attorney Eric Herschmann.
On January 16, 2020, the House impeachment managers entered the Senate and Schiff read the articles of impeachment in the Senate, formally beginning the Senate trial.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts was sworn in by Senate President Pro Tempore Chuck Grassley (R-IA), followed by Roberts swearing in all senators present.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) then raised several procedural motions which were passed by Roberts without objection from any senators present.
On January 29-30, 2020, the senators submitted written questions, which were read aloud by Roberts, and answered by either the impeachment managers or the defense team.
Schumer raised a motion to subpoena witnesses, which was tabled by a vote of 49-51, and several other motions which were also tabled.
The House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment against President Richard Nixon for obstruction of justice, abuse of power and contempt of Congress.
A massive reaction took place, especially in Congress, where 17 resolutions were introduced between November 1, 1974, and January 1974: H.Res.
A report containing articles of impeachment was accepted by the full House on August 20, 1974, by a vote of 412–3.
While Nixon was never impeached, this remains the only successful impeachment process, as its intended effect was carried out when Nixon resigned his office.
It levied several charges against Tyler regarding his use of the presidential veto power and called for a nine-member committee to investigate his actions, with the expectation of a formal impeachment recommendation.
The House of Representatives set up the United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government, known as the Covode Committee after its chairman, Rep. John Covode (R-PA), to investigate President James Buchanan on suspicion of bribery and other allegations.
On November 21, 1867, the House Judiciary Committee produced a bill of impeachment that consisted of a vast collection of complaints against Johnson.
After a long and contentious debate, a formal vote was held in the House of Representatives on December 5, 1867, which failed 57–108.
On April 22, 1952, Rep. Noah M. Mason (R-IL) suggested that impeachment proceedings should be started against President Harry S. Truman for seizing the nation's steel mills.
After three days of debate on the floor of the House, it was referred to the House Judiciary Committee where it died.
While no further action was taken on this particular bill, it led directly to the joint hearings of the subject that dominated the news later that year.
After the hearings were over, it was reported in USA Today that articles of impeachment were being discussed, but it was decided against.
Rep. Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn (D-KY) introduced an impeachment resolution against President Ulysses S. Grant in 1876, regarding the number of days Grant had been absent from the White House.
Rep. Milford W. Howard (D-AL), on May 23, 1896, submitted a resolution (H.Res 374) impeaching President Grover Cleveland for selling unauthorized federal bonds and breaking the Pullman Strike.
in 1932 and early 1933, Rep. Louis Thomas McFadden (R-PA) introduced two impeachment resolutions against President Herbert Hoover, which were considered for several hours and were then tabled.
576), introduced the next day by Rep. John Conyers (D-MI), detailed articles of impeachment regarding the Vietnam War and Operation Menu.
Just after the Watergate break-in, in June 1972, Rep. Wright Patman (D-TX) announced that he would hold hearings on whether or not the White House was involved.
President George H. W. Bush was subject to two resolutions over the Gulf War in 1991, both by Rep. Henry B. González (D-TX).
34 was introduced on January 16, 1991, and was referred to the House Committee on Judiciary and then its Subcommittee on Economic and Commercial Law on March 18, 1992.
During the administration of President George W. Bush, several American politicians sought to either investigate him for possible impeachable offenses or to bring actual impeachment charges on the floor of the House Judiciary Committee.
The most significant of these occurred on June 10, 2008, when Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) and Rep. Robert Wexler (D-FL) introduced H.Res.
After nearly a day of debate, the House voted 251–166 to refer the impeachment resolution to the House Judiciary Committee on June 11, 2008, where no further action was taken on it.
Within weeks of taking office, members of Congress had declared that President Donald Trump may have committed impeachable offenses in relation to Executive Order 13769.
On July 12, 2017, Green and Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA) formally introduced in the House of Representatives an article of impeachment (), accusing Trump of obstructing and impeding the investigation of justice, regarding the investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election.
The five articles accused Trump of obstruction of justice, violation of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Clauses, undermining the independence of the federal judiciary and undermining the freedom of the press.
All of the Pol children are adopted, daughter Kathy and son Charles at birth and daughter Diane at age 18, after having been the Pol’s foster child for ten years.
A majority of his practice is made up of a mix of large animals, (like horses and cattle) and small animals, (like dogs and cats).
Due to the unavailability of emergency care animal hospitals the rural area where the practice is located, emergencies make up a large portion of the practice.
Dr Pol first met his wife Diane Pol at Mayville High School (Michigan) in 1961, when he was an exchange student from the Netherlands.
Later Pol and his wife Diane moved to Harbor Beach, Michigan, where Pol worked for another veterinarian practice for 10 years and then moved to Weidman, Michigan, where he and his wife started their own practice, Pol Veterinary Services, in 1981.
In fact, his practices have been the subject of multiple disciplinary proceedings, and his performance has received a mixed reception by veterinarians.
Another veterinarian flatly states that the show exhibit antiquated Veterinary practices, going back more than a quarter century; and thereby convey a false impression of the profession.
In April 2015, government regulators in Michigan found Pol in contempt for his treatment and care of a Boston terrier that was hit by a car and suffered an eye proptosis and broken pelvis in May 2011.
A disciplinary subcommittee of the Michigan Board of Veterinary Medicine decided on 26th March to fine Dr. Pol $500 and put his license on probation for not complying with the least possible standards of care required by the state.
There were supporters of the ruling based on notions of elemental due process, including vagueness of the charge, lack of an objective and clear legal standard, and variance of the evidence presented from the charges lodged.
At this juncture, a spokesman from Mackinac Center for Public Policy opined that consumers and the market place, not an officious government, should be able to make care decisions for their animals.
However, in late 2019 after remand, the Michigan Court of Appeals in another unpublished decision, wrote an extended opinion which affirmed the lower decisions that imposed discipline.
That decision could be subject to appeal (by leave, that is Petition for review, not as of right) to the Michigan Supreme Court, as the time limits are open as of this writing.
The Tigers, led by 2nd-year head coach Brian Collins, play their home games at the Gentry Complex in Nashville, Tennessee as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.
The Tigers finished the 2018–19 season 9–21 overall, 6–12 during OVC play, and finishing in a four-way tie for seventh place.
Since only the top eight teams in the conference qualify for the OVC Tournament, tiebreakers left Tennessee State as the No.
The Lakshmipuram Palace was built in 1811 AD by Travancore ruler Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi (1791–1815) on behalf of the family of her husband Raja Raja Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran.
In the late 18th century, after the invasion of Malabar by Hyder Ali, Kunjikutty Thamburatty of the Aliyakode swarupam (Parappanad swarupam) branch took refuge with his five daughters in Travancore in the period of Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma.
The Koyil Thampuran gained prominence and prestige in Kingdom of Travancore as they were the fathers of the then reigning Kings.
The son of this couple is the Maharaja Swati Thirunal, a famous musician and lyricist who ruled Travancore from 1828 to 1846.
Former member of the Italian Socialist Party, he joined the Democratic Party in 2007 and ran for Mayor of Enna at the 2010 Italian local elections.
The family emigrated from Albania in the 14th Century together with other noble families as the Ottoman Empire expanded across the Balkans and transplanted to Calabria.
He launched his eponymous label in 2015, and has since had the collection stocked at prestigious retailers worldwide, including Barneys, Dover Street Market, Browns, and many more.
While Bai Yulu was round about 16 year-old in 2019, she was restricted from travelling to participate in all the snooker competitions around the world.
When Bai Yulu traveled to Hong Kong for 2019 Hong Kong World Women Snooker Masters, she was accompanied by her mother.
When 2019 International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) Snooker Championship for juniors (men Under-18 and women and men Under-21) was held in the Olympic Center of Pingdu, Qingdao, Shandong Province during 4—13 of July, Bai Yulu won in final in the women's group, and she also celebrated her 16th birthday during the competitions.
She reached the quarter-finals of the 2019 IBSF Women's World Snooker Championship and also made the three highest of the tournament: 91, 81 and 78.
The 2019-20 RPI Engineers Men's ice hockey season was the 101st season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Engineers represented Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and played their home games at Houston Field House, and were coached by Dave Smith, in his 3rd season.
After obtaining awards and fulfilling his military obligations, Méloni, on the advice of Pierre Barbizet, took the entrance exam to the Conservatoire de Paris in 1964 and was admitted to the singing class of Janine Micheau.
In 1965 he was unanimously awarded a First Prize in singing and the following year a first prize in opera and comic opera.
In 1969, on the proposal of Jean Giraudeau, then director of the and after two auditions at opera and comedy opera, Méloni was engaged in the Réunion des théâtres lyriques nationaux in the sedentary troupe.
When Rolf Liebermann became head of the Paris Opera, Méloni was hired by the administrator as part of a mini troupe of 12 solo singers.
There, he had the opportunity to work with conductors such as G. Solti, C. Platane, N. Santi, S. Baudo, G. Markerras, G. Pretre, P. Boulez, A. Lombard, M. Plasson, J.C. Casadessus, P. Derveaux, R. Benzi and directors such as G. Strehler, P. Chereau, G. Lavelli, J.L.
In 1980, Pierre Barbizet offered Méloni the singing and opera class of the Conservatoire national de région de Marseille, where he taught until June 2009.
In May 2018 there was a mass death of fish in the lake, thought to have been caused by some sort of contamination.
The organisation facilitates donation to the homeless through a project called StreetWear - an online shop that sells winter clothing and supplies.
It operates on a One for one (business model) where for every purchase made on the platform, a matching donation is made to homeless people in London.
Aimed at making it more sustainable and low maintenance for rough use on the streets, the clothing is made from of 100% polyester and is claimed to dry 40 per cent faster than regular clothing and doesn't need to be washed for a month.
In addition to clothing and winter supplies, the website hosts essentials like sanitary kits, haircuts, dental kits, and mobile phone top-ups that can be donated directly to a homeless individual.
Unhoused shares photos, videos of items donated through the website, and messages from the final recipients of the donations with its customers.
Founded by Varun Bhanot and Anisha Seth, the start-up also plans to set up a digital bank for the homeless with the objective of their financial inclusion.
Such a compensation implies a role in ribosome function similar to the normal copy; however, eL22L1 has also been implicates in other extraribosomal roles such as pre-mRNA splicing regulation in zebrafish.
The World Federation of Agriculture and Food Workers (, FEMTAA) was an International Trade Federation affiliated to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL).
The federation was established in December 1982 at a meeting in Bogota, when the World Federation of Agricultural Workers merged with the World Federation of Workers in Food, Tobacco and Hotel Industries.
In 2006, the WCL merged into the new International Trade Union Confederation, and FEMTAA dissolved, its former affiliates mostly joining the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations.
The federation had three regional affiliates, the Pan-African Federation of Agricultural and Food Workers, the Federation of Agricultural Workers in Latin America, and the Asian Professional Federation of Mixed Industries.
The 1935 Texas State Steers football team was an American football team that represented Texas College as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1935 college football season.
In their fifth and final season under head coach Ace Mumford, the team compiled a 9–0–1 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 341 to 19.
College Football Data Warehouse also reports that the team played Shorter College to a 0–0 tie at some point during the season.
Having never won more than four games in a season prior to 1934, Mumford's 1934 and 1935 teams compiled a combined record of 18–0–3.
He first came to the attention of Southern officials after his Texas College team soundly defeated the Jaguars; afterward, when a Southern dean accused his Texas College players of stealing from the school, Mumford forced all of his players to get off of the team bus and to display their personal belongings until the school's missing items could be located.
May Kennedy (1876-1974) was born into a prosperous family in St. John’s, Newfoundland, and educated at a convent school in Waterford, Ireland.
During WWI, Kennedy worked at the Navy and Military Convalescent Hospital, Waterford Hall in St. John’s, as a member of the Volunteer Aid Detachment (VAD), providing nursing care to recovering soldiers.
In 1925, when women in Newfoundland achieved the right to vote, Kennedy, along with labour activist Julia Salter Earle and suffragist Fannie McNeil, ran for seats on St. John’s city council.
In March of 1960, three women, Frances Murphy (47), Mildred Lindquist (50), and Lillian Oetting (50), took a four-day trip to Starved Rock State Park in LaSalle County, Illinois, along the banks of the Illinois River.
They arrived from the Chicago suburb of Riverside, about 90 miles northeast of the park, and were married to prominent Chicago businessmen.
On March 14, after checking into the Starved Rock Lodge, the three took an afternoon hike through St. Louis Canyon, but never returned.
Their disappearances went unnoticed until March 16 when the husband of Frances Murphy phoned the lodge to inquire about his wife.
Police organized a search of the park which led to the discovery of the women's bodies, bound with twine and partially disrobed, inside a cave in the canyon.
All three suffered severe head trauma and a blood stained tree limb found nearby was determined to have been used to bludgeon them to death.
Weger, a dishwasher at the Starved Rock Lodge, was among those interviewed by Illinois State Police in the aftermath of the discovery.
Several employees of the lodge told investigators that he showed to work the day after the women's disappearances with scratches on his face.
Weger was question extensively in the weeks following the murders and was administered at least three lie detector tests, which he passed.
He fit the description of an assailant who bound a teenage girl with twine and raped her at nearby Matthiessen State Park months earlier, and was later identified by the victim in a photo line-up.
The twine used to bind the murder victims was the same as that found in the kitchen at the lodge, and he failed another lie detector test given to him in September.
After lengthy interrogation, he confessed to the murders the next day and led police in a reenactment at the crime scene.
A grand jury returned indictments against Weger for all three murders, as well as the rape and robbery at Matthiessen State Park, however the state chose to only try him for the murder of Lillian Oetting.
His defense relied on the claim that investigators were relentless in extracting a confession from him, that he was told they would convict him on circumstantial evidence if he didn't and send him to the electric chair, accusations the investigators and other witnesses denied.
He claimed he was washing dishes at the time of the murders before going to the basement of the lodge, and that the scratches seen on his face in the days after the murders were from shaving.
On March 3, 1961, the jury returned a verdict of guilty and fixed a sentence of life imprisonment, rejecting the state's request to sentence him to death.
His attorney filed an appeal which made its way to the Illinois Supreme Court, however the verdict was affirmed in September 1962.
On November 29, 2018, he fell one vote short of parole in a split vote of 7-7 before the Illinois Prisoner Review Board.
One year later, on November 21, 2019, the same board voted 9-4 in granting his release after nearly 59 years in prison.
ATC Colombia (Aero Transcolombiana de Carga Ltda) was an airline created in early 1993 with Colombian partners, from the United States and also Venezuela.
ATC began work to operate between Miami and several points in Colombia with their own Douglas DC-8-51F, the HK-3816-X, with a capacity for 35 tons of cargo and it was acquired from Agro Air.
At the end of 1995, under the presidency of Carlos Child, a second Douglas DC-8-51F, the N507DC, was brought in and the rental system of additional aircraft to Fine Air company was continued, including the Douglas DC-8-61F, which were larger and therefore they could transport more cargo.
Meanwhile, Fine Air company, which had shares in ATC, tried several times to obtain a license to fly to Colombia, which the American government always denied.
In 1996 ATC made a special operation to become the number one company in the management of export flowers and the mobilization of this product between Bogotá and Miami.
In February 1997, when Colombian-American relations were going through their worst moment because of the scandal of the government of President Samper and the de-categorization of Civil Aviation, ATC was recertified by the Civil Aviation and the FAA of the United States.
In 1999 ATC reached an agreement with the CARGOLUX company in Luxembourg, to operate direct flights to Europe, especially to transport flowers.
This cargo transport alliance is similar to a code-share agreement in the case of passenger flights, the transport of ATC cargo on CARGOLUX airplanes using ATC air guides.
By 1999, the problems of noise levels in the Douglas DC-8 turbines began, ATC sought to convert the engines to Stage 3 or replace the flight equipment.
Fine Air company managed to convert the turbines of its Douglas DC-8 to Stage 3, in the workshops it had in Miami.
Meanwhile, the owners of Fine Air company (Frank and Barry Fine) bought Arrow Air Inc and started these two joint operations.
Given the impossibility of negotiating with the Colombian Civil Aeronautics the problem of noise levels to convert the Douglas DC-8 turbines to Stage 3, Carlos Child withdrew the operating license to the airline in mid-1999, which forced the company to suspend operations definitively and went into liquidation immediately.
The Douglas DC-8 HK-3816-X was scrapped in Miami in August 2000 and the Douglas DC-8 N507DC was returned to Fine Air company, the original owner.
The ATC facilities in Miami consisted of X-ray equipment, cold room and security personnel to receive the perishable cargo and warehouse for the receipt and palletizing of the merchandise.
In Bogotá, an agreement was established with Aerosucre to use the cargo terminal at the airport, but with personnel hired directly by the airline.
It purports to be the diary of a farmer's wife, Anne Hughes, written in England in 1796-1797, which recounts details of her daily life, including recipes, and interactions with her family, servant and friends.
According to the foreword written by Michael Croucher to the 1980 book version, the original diary, referred to at the time as Anne Hughes' Boke (or Anne Hughes, Her Boke), was owned by Anne Hughes' daughter, Mary Anne Thomas ( Hughes).
When elderly, she read it to a young friend, Sarah Jane Keyte, who lived on a farm in Herefordshire (possibly Manor Farm at Ballingham) around 1896, and also wrote down some of the stories told to her by Mary Anne Thomas.
The placenames mentioned in the diary - Gloucester, Hereford, and Chepstow - are generally consistent with it having been written in the southern Herefordshire area, but research into the people named in the diary has failed to identify any of the individuals.
It could well be that she decided to present it in the form of a diary rather than as a series of disconnected incidents, or it is possible that the original was actually in diary form into which Jeanne then arranged all her stories.
One source for some, but not all, of the recipes was a thick old book that had belonged to Jeanne's mother, Mary Keyte.
According to Mary Day, the diary was published as submitted by Jeanne Preston, though some repetitious material was removed and some archaic spellings were corrected.
Both Jeanne Preston and Mary Day had already died, and it was assumed that the book transcription was both genuine and out of copyright.
A further book edition, produced in collaboration with Jeanne Preston's grandson, was published with a new introduction in 2009, by the Good Life Press.
Research into the origin of the diary, and the whereabouts of the supposed original, has been undertaken by Davey, Houghton and Ian Shankland.
It was published as an introduction to the 2009 edition and has been updated on the dedicated Anne Hughes' Diary website.
John G. Shinkle (10 March 1912 – 10 January 1995) was a United States Army general who became the first commander of the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency and the sixth commander of the White Sands Missile Range.
John Gardner Shinkle was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 10 March 1912, the son of Edward Marsh Shinkle, a West Point graduate of the class of 1901, and his wife Margery Gibbons.
He was appointed to West Point from the 6th District of Ohio, the same one his father had been appointed from, and entered on 1 July 1929.
He graduated 23rd in the class of 1933 on 13 June 1933, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery Branch.
There he met and married Emily Harris, whose father, Henry Leavenworth Harris Jr. graduated from West Point with the class of 1899, grandfather Henry Leavenworth Harris graduated with the class of 1869, and great-grandfather N. Sayre Harris with the class of 1825.
Promoted to first lieutenant on 13 June 1936, Shinkle was posted to the 13th Field Artillery Regiment at Schofield Barracks in the Territory of Hawaii.
He was seconded to the Ordnance Department on 12 March 1937, and became the ordnance officer of the 18th Composite Wing at Fort Shafter in the Territory of Hawaii.
He underwent training at the Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey, and the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, where he became a proof officer for arms and ammunition.
He was promoted to major in the Army of the United States on 1 February 1942 and lieutenant colonel 18 August 42.
His service was recognized with promotion to the substantive rank of captain in the Ordnance Department on 13 June 1943, and the award of the Legion of Merit.
He was promoted to colonel in the Army of the United States on 6 January 1945 and awarded the Commendation Ribbon.
He then served as Deputy G-4 of the Transportation Corps from 1 July 1945 to 13 February 1946, earning the Bronze Star Medal.
After the war ended Shinkle joined General of the Army George C. Marshall's Mission to China, for which he was a second Commendation Ribbon and the Chinese Order of the Cloud and Banner and Military Order.
His apportionment as a colonel in the Army of the United States was terminated on 30 June 1947, and he reverted to his substantive rank of captain, but he was promoted to major in the Ordnance Department on 15 July 1948.
On 1 November 1949 he was then sent to Brazil as Ordnance Officer of the Joint US Military Mission to Brazil.
He made his debut for Western Province against Boland in a friendly match in 1981, replacing an injured Morne du Plessis.
During his years with Western Province, he competed with players such as Theuns Stofberg, Kulu Ferreira and Gert Smal for a place in the first team.
Lotter made his test debut for South Africa during the 1993 French tour of South Africa, in second test on 3 July 1993 at Ellis Park in Johannesburg.
The GNU All-permissive License is a lax, permissive (non-copyleft) free software license, compatible with the GNU General Public License, recommended by the Free Software Foundation for README and other small supporting files (under 300 lines long).
Its main purpose is to license minor files that do not need to be covered by the GNU General Public License in GPL-licensed projects.
Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM), also known as ARM Institute, is a consortium created in 2017 through a Department of Defense grant won by Carnegie Mellon University.
ARM is structured as a public-private partnership and the Manufacturing USA Institutes, a network of 14 institutes dedicated to advancing technologies used in manufacturing.
A proposal team led by Carnegie Mellon University won the grant to create ARM, though more than 200 partners pledged support for the institute during the proposal phase.
Like the other Manufacturing USA institutes, ARM operates as a membership-based consortium with more than 200 national members spanning industry, academia, and government.
ARM and Carnegie Mellon were the first two tenants on the site, which is on one of the three planned buildings, on a 90,000 square-foot facility, with the site having remained empty for 15 years.
Wegner made his test debut for South Africa during the 1993 French tour of South Africa, in second test on 3 July 1993 at Ellis Park in Johannesburg.
Justin Michael Frye (born September 19, 1983) is a former American football offensive lineman and the current offensive coordinator and offensive line coach for the UCLA Bruins.
Following his stint at Florida, Frye landed his first job as an offensive line coach for the Temple Owls in 2011.
In Frye's first year at Temple, the Owls ranked seventh in the nation in rushing yards, at 256.5 yards per game, and they set school records for the most rushing yards and most rushing touchdowns in a season.
In 2012, Frye's second season with the program, the Owls once again enjoyed a prolific rushing offense with a Big East Conference-leading 201.2 rushing yards per game.
In Frye's first season with the program, his offensive line paved the way for Andre Williams to become the first Doak Walker Award recipient in Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) history.
In Frye's second season (2014), the Eagles rushed for 254.7 yards per game, and their offensive line allowed just 21 sacks, the 29th-fewest in the nation.
In 2016, Frye's fourth season, the Eagles' offense led the ACC and ranked 11th in the country in time of possession.
In Frye's final season at Boston College (2017), the Eagles averaged 220.4 yards rushing, good for 25th in the nation, and the Eagles' offensive line allowed only 15 sacks the entire season.
Despite UCLA's 3–9 record in Frye's inaugural season with the Bruins, the Bruins' rushing attack improved by over 40 yards per game from the previous season.
Additionally, running back Joshua Kelley rushed for 1,243 yards in 2018, including 289 yards against crosstown rival USC; Kelley's 289 yards were the most generated by a running back in the history of the UCLA–USC rivalry.
Over the final eight games of the season, UCLA averaged over 432 yards of offense per game, including over 164 yards per game.
Don Arney (born 1947) is a Canadian inventor and entrepreneur best known for inventing the Bambi Bucket, a collapsible helicopter bucket used for fighting forest fires.
Arney was born in Prince Rupert, BC; he spent the first eight years of his life there before moving a number of times around Vancouver Island in order to accommodate his father’s work in construction.
The Bambi Bucket continues to be used in firefighting around the world; they were used in 2011 to cool nuclear reactors in Japan after damage from a tsunami.
Arney has also received the BC Export Award, which was awarded to his company SEI Industries in 2003, as well as an Ernest C. Manning Award, which he won in 1986.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Ahmad Gooden (born October 27, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL).
As a junior, Gooden made 101 tackles (15.5 for loss) with 5.5 sacks and was named first team All-Southern Conference (SoCon) and the conference Defensive Player of the Year.
He finished his collegiate career with 273 tackles, 22 sacks, five pass breakups, two forced fumbles and five fumble recoveries in 46 games played.
He was waived at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 1, 2019.
This is a list of some of the terrorist, alleged terrorist, or suspected terrorist incidents which took place in December 2019, including incidents by violent non-state actors for political, religious, or ideological motives.
18-3071, 912 F.3d 623 (2019), was a United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit case involving an appeal by company owned by a foreign government that was ordered by a federal judge to pay a $50,000 dollar fine per day until it complies with a grand jury's subpoena.
Federal prosecutors suggested that the company owned by 'Country A' pay a contempt fine of $10,000 per day for refusing to cooperate with Robert Mueller's grand jury.
United States District Court for the District of Columbia Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell imposed a larger contempt fine of $50,000 per day.
A three-judge panel was selected that was made up of judges Stephen F. Williams, Thomas B. Griffith, and David S. Tatel.
Circuit, in a per curiam opinion, ruled that the corporation owned by 'Country A' is not entitled to immunity in civil actions under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, and must pay the contempt fine of $50,000 per day that was issued by a federal judge for defying Robert Mueller's grand jury subpoena until compliance is met.
Russian-owned companies, like banks VTB Bank and VEB.RF, as well as oil company Rosneft have been mentioned as possibly being the company held in contempt.
VTB Bank has widely been speculated as the mystery company owned by 'Country A' because of allegations of involvement in a Trump Tower Moscow project.
An email from Felix Sater to Michael Cohen imply that Sater and Cohen were inclined to use VTB Bank as a source for funding Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
On February 21, 2019, Solicitor General of the United States Noel Francisco urged the Supreme Court of the United States to deny the corporation's petition to hear the case.
He had been covering the Australian leg of the tour, and intended to write a book about it, but Reuters refused him permission to do so when he told them he would be critical of the bodyline tactics of the English captain Douglas Jardine.
He joined the Second AIF in July 1940 and served in Malaya until September 1941, when he was discharged and became a war correspondent for Reuters.
His wife, who had accompanied him on many of his journalistic travels, replaced him as acting news editor of Reuters in Sydney when he enlisted.
Covering current topics and prominent figures, and illustrated with drawings, it at first occupied a full page of the Sunday edition, then later two columns of a page.
The Montana Free Press focuses on the government and policy of the State of Montana, as well as on issues relating to the economy, environment, energy, health care, and social justice.
Investigative news from Montana Free Press includes articles on solitary confinement in Montana state prisons, lobbying from right to work organizations, state budget cuts' effects on rural areas of Montana, water supply in Fort Peck Indian Reservation, among other topics.
TOPT were formed in 1978 by Robb Weir, Rocky Laws and Brian Dick, who added Mark Butcher after Weir briefly considered performing lead vocals.
Lamb had recently been a member of Robb Weir's band Sergeant, while both Sheperd and Donaldson had worked with former TOPT frontman Jess Cox in recent years.
This led to a full reformation of the band the following year, with sole original member Weir joined by new vocalist Tony Liddell, guitarist Dean Robertson, bassist Brian West and drummer Craig Ellis.
She is one of the most prominent and outspoken survivors of the child sex trafficking ring that was allegedly operated by the late financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.
She founded the nonprofit organization Victims Refuse Silence in 2015 and has been widely featured in interviews with American and British media describing her experiences with Epstein, Ghislaine Maxwell, Prince Andrew, and a number of other high profile individuals.
Giuffre has pursued criminal and civil actions against Epstein and Maxwell in addition to appealing directly to the public for justice and awareness.
She sued Maxwell for defamation in 2015 and the case was settled in Giuffre's favor for an undisclosed sum in 2017.
On 2 July 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ordered the unsealing of documents from the earlier civil suit by Giuffre against Maxwell.
The first batch of documents from Giufre's suit were released to the public on 9 August 2019, further implicating Epstein, Maxwell, and a number of his associates.
According to Giuffre's unfinished memoir, later released in court documents, she lived on the streets before getting entangled into abuse with two different older men.
Her father worked as a maintenance manager at the Mar-a-Lago property owned by Donald Trump and also helped Giuffre obtain a job there.
In the summer of 2000, Giuffre first met Ghislaine Maxwell when working as a spa attendant at Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago club while reading a book about massage therapy.
Maxwell, a British socialite and daughter of the late media tycoon Robert Maxwell, approached Giuffre, noted the book that she was reading, inquired about her interest in massage, and offered her a potential job working for Epstein as a traveling masseuse with the assurance that no experience was necessary.
Giuffre has stated that after Maxwell introduced her to Jeffrey Epstein, the two quickly began grooming her to provide sexual services.
Between 2000 and 2002, Giuffre was closely associated with Epstein and Maxwell, traveling between Epstein's residences in Palm Beach and Manhattan (at the Herbert N. Straus House), with additional trips to Epstein's Zorro ranch in New Mexico and private island Little Saint James.
She was provided with tickets to travel to Thailand by Maxwell and instructed to meet with a specific Thai girl to bring her back to the United States for Epstein.
While at the massage school in Thailand in 2002, she met Robert Giuffre, an Australian martial arts trainer, and the two married quickly thereafter.
In March 2005, while Giuffre was still establishing her family in Australia, the Palm Beach Police Department police began investigating Epstein after a 14 year old girl and her parents reported his behavior.
The girl described being recruited by Haley Robson, a female classmate from her high school, to give Epstein a massage at his mansion in exchange for money wherein he subsequently molested her.
By October 2005, the police had a growing list of girls, statements from Epstein's butlers corroborating their claims, and a search warrant for his Palm Beach property.
She resisted speaking at length to the FBI until she was approached again about the matter in person, this time by the Australian Federal Police, six months after being contacted by phone.
In 2006, the Palm Beach Police Department moved forward with their growing evidence against Epstein by signing a probable cause affidavit charging him with multiple counts of unlawful sex acts with a minor.
In 2008, a lawsuit was filed by Bradley Edwards and Paul Cassell that accused the Justice Department of violating the Crime Victims Rights Act during the first criminal case against Epstein, by failing to allowing several of his victims to challenge his plea deal.
In May 2009, Giuffre filed a lawsuit as Jane Doe 102 against Epstein and accused Maxwell of recruiting her to a life of being sexually trafficked while she was a minor.
Giuffre credited the birth of her daughter on January 7, 2010 as the date she decided to come forward publicly and begin speaking out about her experiences of sexual abuse and trafficking, despite the risks.
FBI agents made contact with Giuffre at the US consulate in Sydney in 2011, soon after she went public with allegations against Epstein and Prince Andrew.
Giuffre claims that Epstein sex trafficked her to lawyer and Harvard law professor Alan Dershowitz at least six times the earliest time when was 16.
In a sworn deposition, Giuffre described being trafficked to Prince Andrew, Duke of York at least three times when she was 17 in 2001.
She claims that Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell took her to Tramp nightclub in London where she met and danced with Prince Andrew.
There is a picture showing her, Prince Andrew and Ghislaine Maxwell in Ghislaine's apartment, which has been widely circulated and made her claims seem more credible.
Giuffre claimed that one sexual encounter with Prince Andrew was an orgy involving her and several underage girls from Eastern Europe as well as Jeffrey Epstein himself.
Anticipating the challenges that awaited Giuffre in accusing wealthy and powerful individuals, Pottinger looked for another lawyer that could match this.
In April 2015, a federal judge ruled that Giuffre cannot join the federal Crime Victims Rights Act lawsuit and her affidavit was stricken from the case.
As a result of Giuffre's allegations and Maxwell's comments about them, Giuffre sued Maxwell for defamation in federal court in New York in September 2015.
Giuffre was first represented by David Boies but Alan Dershowitz successfully had him removed from the case as he claimed that members of the law firm could be called to witness in the trial.
The local prosecutors presented evidence that Epstein assaulted one of the girls failing to bring forward the claims of the other girl as well.
The prosecution failed to indict Epstein for having sex with a minor (statutory rape) but instead indicted Epstein for one count of solicitation of prostitution which carries a much less serious charge.
Epstein's legal team wanted to negotiate a plea deal which would have allowed Epstein to enter a pre-trial diversion program and serve no jail time.
Starr told Acosta, that Epstein would not agree to be labeled a sex offender, which would normally be mandatory in connection with the charges brought forward.
Starr also objected to an addendum to the agreement which stated that the victims would be able to sue for compensation.
The investigation revealed that Epstein ordered his assistants and already procured underage girls to prey on vulnerable girls as young as 13 in order to subsequently sex traffic them.
It was a Non- Prosecution Agreement in which Epstein pleaded guilty to one charge of solicitation of prostitution and one count of prostitution of a minor under age 18.
The alleged victims of Epstein weren't told about the Non-prosecution agreement, which was also unusual because normal court procedure is that victims are notified before the agreement is signed.
The deal that Epstein had struck also included that he only had to spend his nights in jail He was granted work release and spent the whole day outside of jail.
Even though he wasn't allowed to travel during that time he regularly travelled between Florida, New York, New Mexico and the US Virgin Islands.
As a convicted sex offender Epstein was required to register as a sex offender in any jurisdiction in which he lived.
In 2010 a prosecutor from Manhattan district attorney Cyrus Vance's office argued that Epstein's sex offender classification should be reduced to a lower level in order for him to have more freedom.
In July 2019 the civil lawsuit of the victims and several media outlets to have the records of the indictment against Epstein be unsealed was successful.
The victims also won the lawsuit against of the office of Alex Acosta as the Crime Victims Rights Act had been violated during the court proceedings by failing to notify them about the Non Prosecution Agreement.
It was ruled that the prosecution had violated the CVRA by not letting the victims know about the deal so that they could have had a chance to oppose it.
The US attorneys office for the southern district of New York charged Epstein with child sex trafficking in violation of United States Code, Section 1591, which outlaws sex trafficking activities that affect interstate or foreign commerce.
Next to sex trafficking of underage victims being illegal some of Epstein's victims where under the age of consent, which would make some of the alleged sex acts be considered as sexual child abuse or statutory rape.
The new indictment referred back to allegations that were made in Florida, New Mexico and New York that had been the subject of the earlier agreement.
The statue of limitations on child sex trafficking had been changed by lawmakers before the former statue of limitations of five years had run out in Epstein's case.
Her family was put up at the Ritz-Carlton and she was interviewed about Epstein for over an hour by the network.
In the program she describes her experiences of being trafficked by Epstein and Maxwell to have sex with Prince Andrew three times in 2001: the first occurance in London at Maxwell's Belgravia residence, the second took place at Epstein's New York mansion, and the final occurrence involved multiple girls and the price on Little Saint James.
The reception to Prince Andrew's conduct during the interview was one of overwhelming disapproval that, combined with Giuffre's public appeal, helped lead to a widespread shift in opinion by the British people.
The prince resigned from his royal duties on 20 November 2019, as a number of organizations and charities that he was connected to severed ties.
Following her marriage to Robert in 2002, Giuffre lived in the Glenning Valley suburb of New South Wales' Central Coast in Australia for 11 years.
The family relocated to the United States in November 2013, and stayed for several years, initially spending time in Florida and later in Colorado in 2015.
In 2019, it was reported that Giuffre lives in Cairns, Australia with her husband Robert and their three children: two sons and one daughter.
Since 1954, he covered large European races such as 24 Hours of Le Mans in France, and the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio of Italy.
While in Europe he also photographed culture celebrities for New York Times, and was the European editor for Car and Driver magazine.
The history of the far-right in Spain dates back to at least the 1800s and refers to any manifestation of far-right politics in Spain.
Individuals and organizations associated with the far-right in Spain often employ reactionary traditionalism, religious fundamentalism, corporate Catholicism, and fascism in their ideological practice.
In the case of Spain, according to historian Pedro Carlos González Cuevas, the predominance of Catholicism played an essential role in the suppression of external political innovations such as Social Darwinism, positivism, and vitalism in Spanish far-right politics.
One notable member of this subgroup was Pedro de Inguanzo y Rivero, a prominent Bishop (and later Archbishop of Toledo) who was proclaimed cardinal by Pope Leo XII.
During the Bourbon Restoration, the extreme right in Spain, though united by Catholicism, saw increasing plurality; differences in views the far-right included Carlism, Maurism, social Catholicism, and nationalism.
According to historian Colin M. Wilson, the Sindicatos Libres was a proto-fascist organization and was far-removed from the traditionalism that would come to define Spanish fascism.
By 1931, Ledesma was receiving funding for the publication from Biscay monarchists such as José María de Areilza, José Antonio Sangróniz, and José Félix de Lequerica.
With the advent of the Second Republic, ideologues of the far-right began to associate themselves with the Acción Española, a cultural and political association founded in late 1931, and began to take influence from the nativism and traditionalism of Action Française, of Italian fascism, of Portuguese integralism, and of the German authoritarianism of Carl Schmitt and Oswald Spengler.
A number of fascist organizations were founded in this period, including the Movimiento Español Sindicalista (MES), and Falange Española and the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista.
The Falange Española, founded by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, lawyer and eldest son of dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera, aviator Julio Ruiz de Alda, and intellectual Alfonso García Valdecasas, would in 1934 merge with the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista to create the Falange Española de las JONS.
The Falange counted a number of retired military officers and members of the pro-fascist Spanish Military Union in its ranks, including Emilio Rodríguez Tarduchy, Luis Arredondo, Ricardo Rada, and Román Ayza.
During the period of the Second Spanish Republic, an increase in antisemitism, often apocalyptic in nature, resonated amongst Carlists and monarchists and led to the weakening of the moderate right.
Both Maeztu and the politician José Calvo Sotelo published articles that promoted fascism and urged an anti-Republican alliance that would include traditionalists and Falangists in the lead-up to the Spanish Civil War.
Following the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, Spain was ruled by the FET y de las JONS-backed dictator Francisco Franco.
The Franco dictatorship, analogous to that of other European fascist regimes of the twentieth century, incorporated into its ideology charismatic leadership, fascist imagery, and the embrace of an all-encompassing fascist state and nation.
These organizations, alongside other prominent figures like the historian José Luis Rodríguez Jiménez, expressed concern in the longevity of the Franco regime and a concern about loss of power in post-fascist Europe.
At the beginning of the transition period, the electoral division of the far-right was represented by the Alianza Nacional 18 de Julio coalition and by the Alianza Popular.
Fuerza Nueva attempted to stifle political reform through continuous activism and mobilization of far-right forces; the paramilitarism, uniforms, and violence of Fuerza Nueva attracted a number of young people to the organization.
This weakening of the far-right was compounded by splits between neo-Francoists and those who advocated for unity with other European far-right organizations.
The 1990s saw the dissolution of a number of far-right organizations: CEDADE was dissolved in 1993, as well as the Blas Piñar-led Fuerza Nueva, and in 1995 the Juntas Españolas dissolved as well.
While the former attempted to integrate both Catalanists and non-Catalanists, the latter took the position of a more strict Spanish nationalism and Blaverism.
Vox, a far-right party founded in 2013, began to see more success following the 2018 Andalusian regional election, and became the first far-right party to obtain parliamentary representation in an autonomous region of Spain.
One of the politicians who fled to the forest after the massacre of protesters at Thammasat University on October 6, 1976.
The 2019–20 UAB Blazers basketball team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Blazers, led by forth-year head coach Robert Ehsan, played their home games at the Bartow Arena as members of Conference USA.
After several weeks of increasing seismic activity that damaged the town of Nicolosi and other settlements, an eruption fissure opened on the southeastern flank of Etna during the night of 10-11 March.
Several more fissures became active during 11 March, erupting pyroclastics and tephra that fell over Sicily and accumulated to form the Monti Rossi scoria cone.
Lava disgorged from the eruption fissures flowed southwards away from the vent, burying a number of towns and farmland during March and April, eventually covering .
The inhabitants of the towns fled to the city of Catania and sought refuge there; religious ceremonies were held in the city to implore the end of the eruption.
In early April a branch of the lava flow advanced towards the city and on the 1 or 16 April it reached its city walls, provoking a crisis and the flight of many of its inhabitants.
More that two weeks later, parts of the flow surmounted the walls and penetrated Catania but did not cause much damage.
The first recorded attempt to divert a lava flow occurred when priest Diego Pappalardo and fifty others worked to break up a lava flow in an effort to divert it.
The effort was initially successful but the diverted flow threatened another town whose inhabitants chased Pappalardo and his men away and the lava flow resumed its original course towards Catania.
There are no known fatalities of the 1669 eruption but many towns, parts of Catania and farmland were destroyed by the lava flow and the earthquakes that accompanied the eruption.
News of the eruption spread as far as North America and a number of contemporaries described the event, leading to an increased interest in Etna's volcanic activity.
Etna is one of the most iconic and active volcanoes in the world; its eruptions – including both effusive and explosive eruptions from flank and central vents – have been recorded for 2,700 years .
Since 1603, several large eruptions had occurred and volcanic activity also increased on Vulcanello in the Aeolian Islands; a similar concordance between activity at Etna and in the Aeolian Islands was also observed in 2002.
During the two months before the 1669 eruption, the output of gas and steam from Etna's summit craters had been higher than usual.
A highly productive agricultural sector existed on the heavily urbanized southeastern slopes of Etna; settlements had grown there during the High Middle Ages.
Early activity that lasted until 9 March reflects the ascent of deep magma within the mountain while subsequent earthquakes were associated with the opening of the eruption fissure.
After midnight on 11 March, the first fissure opened up on Etna between the Monte Frumento Supino cinder cone and Piano San Leo.
This wide and long fissure between elevation was accompanied by weak eruptive activity at its upper end and an intense glow on its lower end.
During the afternoon of the same day, a second fissure opened and erupted lithics and ash clouds; historical records vary on the number of vents that became active.
An alternative reconstruction of events envisages the development of several fissure segments between elevation, most of which underwent brief explosive and effusive eruptions.
At 18:30, the main vent became active and lava began to flow from the second fissure from east of the Monte Salazara cone, close to Nicolosi, at elevation in Etna's southern rift zone.
A fifth fissure segment south of the Monpilieri cinder cone was briefly active on 12 March and several vents – sources disagree on the exact number – became active on 12 March around the main vent with lava fountaining.
An eruption column rose from the vent and deposited tephra, pyroclastics covered large parts of Etna's southeastern flank and ash from the eruption traveled as far as Calabria and Greece.
Strombolian and lava fountaining took place, generating pyroclastics including lapilli and lava bombs,) which fell over the southeastern flank for three months.
These deposits reached a thickness of from the vent; roofs in Acireale, Pedara, Trecastagni and Viagrande collapsed under the weight of the tephra.
The explosive stages of the 1669 eruption produced of pyroclastics and have been classified as category 2–3 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, making it one of the most intense eruptions of Etna.
Subplinian eruptions on Etna's flanks are not common; other examples are the prehistoric eruptions of Monte Moio 28,600 ± 4,700 years ago, Monte Frumento delle Concazze 3,500 years ago and Monte Salto del Cane 3,000 years ago.
This sulfur may have risen into the upper troposphere, causing changes in the chemistry of the regional atmosphere and environmental hazards.
Lava now flowed out of the volcano into a densely populated area at an average rate of , with a peak rate of .
During and after 14 March, the lava flow branched out in three directions and began to advance southwards; the western branch destroyed villages close to Mascalucia, and houses around Camporotondo and San Pietro.
Between the 18 and 25 March the western and eastern branches of the lava flow stopped advancing and away from the vent, respectively.
Almost a century after the eruption, Sir William Hamilton reported the lava flows had shifted an otherwise undamaged vineyard by over .
The southeastern branch of the flow, which was fed by lava tubes and ephemeral vents, continued to advance and destroyed farms close to Catania.
On 20 March, a branch of the lava flow approached the city and after ponding in and filling the Gurna del Nicito lake, on the 16th or 1 April, it reached the city walls about away from the vent.
The walls deflected the lava flow southwards and after surrounding the Castello Ursino on 23 April, the lava flow began entering the Ionian Sea as a -wide flow front.
Beginning on 30 April, some flows overtopped the walls and penetrated Catania, pushing aside weaker buildings and burying sturdier ones but did not cause much damage.
The 1669 eruption is the only historical eruption that impacted the urban area of Catania; other lava flows in the city are of prehistoric age and the presence of lava from the AD 252 eruption has been ruled out.
Lava continued to flow into the sea, which was away from the vents, for two more months, and overlapping lava flows continued to form upstream yielding a complex lava field.
Even after the eruption ended, the lava flows were still hot enough to boil water for many months and it reportedly took eight years for the lava to cool.
During the night of 24 March, a violent earthquake took place and was followed by activity on the main summit of Etna.
There is disagreement between contemporaneous records that mention a collapse of the summit in 1669, those which do not, and 21st-century research that indicates there were no major changes in the morphology of the summit during the 1669 eruption.
Authorities in Catania requested assistance from the then-viceroy of Sicily Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque and took care of about 20,000 refugees.
These refugees sought out the city as a safe haven because it was distant from the eruption at that time and they were received with great hospitality.
As the eruption continued and lava flows advanced towards Catania, law and order broke down, panic ensued – an unusual event during a natural disaster – and the authorities of Catania were overwhelmed.
Riggio prepared barracks north of Catania to take up refugees and evacuated both prisoners, the city archives, food reserves and religious objects from the city.
Instead, the walls threatened by the lava flows were reinforced, gates blocked and when the lava penetrated them restraining walls and barriers from the debris from destroyed houses.
In Antiquity, eruptions of Etna were interpreted as the consequence of divine wrath and suffering being inflicted on the sinful people.
Religious services took place in Catania and other villages; during processions the relics of St. Agatha, the Martyr of Catania, were carried around and people flagellated themselves.
Fifty inhabitants of Pedara led by priest Diego Pappalardo attempted to divert a lava flow by breaking up the margins with axes and picks while protecting themselves from the heat through water-soaked hides.
This effort worked but 500 inhabitants of Paternò stopped this effort because their town was threatened by the redirected lava flow.
As a consequence of the incident between Paterno and the people attempting the diversion, it was declared and formally ratified in the 19th century that people diverting a lava flow would be liable for the damage caused by it; this rule was only suspended during the eruption of 1983 although clandestine attempts, sometimes with official backing, had occurred before that year.
There were religious objections to diverting lava flows; such an intervention was viewed as sacrilegious in the context of the relationship between God, man, and nature.
With a volume of lava, the 1669 eruption is Etna's the largest during the last 400 years and its largest historical effusive eruption.
Its lava field is the largest in the volcano's history and the longest flow at Etna during the last 15,000 years.
The behavior of Etna changed after the eruption, presumably due to the large volume of material erupted in the 1669 event and changes in the plumbing system it caused.
After 1669, Etna's eruptions were smaller, shorter, and more sporadic with fewer flank eruptions, and mafic phenocrysts became more common in the lavas.
The 1669 eruption has been defined as the starting point of a century-long cycle of activity that continues to this day and Etna's volcanic products are subdivided into pre-1669 and post-1669 formations in Italy's geological map.
It consists of two overlapping cones or a cone with two summits that was constructed by intense lava bomb and volcanic ash fallout that was observed by eyewitnesses.
Several caves, such as the that is accessible from a small depression on the eruption fissure; Pietra Luna cave, a system of three caves between Belpasso and Nicolosi that contain cave formations; and several lava caves in the flow were formed by the 1669 eruption.
Such caves form when lava flows develop a crust and drain out, leaving an empty space under the crust that forms the cave.
South of the volcano, ash and tephra fallout destroyed large but uncleary stated quantities of olive groves, orchards, pasture, vineyards, and mulberry trees that were used for silkworm rearing.
Contemporaneous sources do not mention any fatalities from the eruption or the earthquakes that accompanied it; later reports of 10,000 – 20,000 fatalities appear to be incorrect and apocryphal.
Contrary to common reports, not all of Catania was destroyed but its outskirts, and the western part of the city sustained damage.
News of the eruption spread to France, Portugal, London, Ireland, and Scotland, where government news pamphlets about the eruption were published.
The 1669 eruption has been portrayed in a number of contemporaneous iconographic works and is the most commonly depicted eruption of Etna in its iconography.
After 1669, the number of large eruptions of Etna decreased and the interest in portraying the volcano and its eruptions waned as a consequence.
Unlike earthquakes, lava flows cause long-lasting damage to land; even a century later the land covered by the lava from the 1669 eruption was barren and today only limited agricultural activity is possible.
As a consequence of this and other eruptions, about 13% of cultivable land south of Etna and below elevation was lost in the 17th century.
Rocks erupted in 1669 have been quarried, especially after the 1693 earthquake when they were used during the reconstruction of the city.
Lava was used to pave roads, for constructions, and later for architectural elements, the production of bituminous conglomerate, concrete, and statues such as the Fountain of the Elephant in Catania.
The lavas erupted in 1669 define a sodic hawaiite suite with two distinct acidic and mafic members that were erupted before and after 20 March, respectively.
A batch of new, more mafic magma that was more buoyant than the residing magma penetrated and traversed the magmatic system, and reached the surface.
The lava flows of 1669 contain up to 18% bubbles, a large proportion and considerably more than expected from lava flows on the surface that might explain the fluidity of the flows that maintained pahoehoe morphology from the vents.
The lava also contains large phenocrysts of plagioclase, as do lavas of other eruptions of the 17th century; these lavas are called .
Records range from administrative documents that were part of the crisis management and the post-crisis management over memoirs to eyewitness reports.
Italian scientist Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679) in his 1670 publication and the British ambassador in Constantinople Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Winchilsea (1628–1689) in a report to King Charles II of England wrote about the eruption.
The 1669 eruption represents a worst-case scenario of an effusive eruption at Etna; over 500,000 people live in Catania and a similar eruption today would cause about damage.
Apart from the lava, tephera and lapilli associated with explosive activity would damage critical infrastructure close to the vent, disrupt air travel, and impact both human health and the environment.
The World Is Not Enough is a 2001 action-adventure game developed by 2n Productions and released for the Game Boy Color.
The game closely follows the plot of the film and its levels take place in film locations such as London and a Russian submarine.
Objectives range from collecting keycards to gaining access to restricted areas of a level or using high-tech gadgets such as remote mines to destroy objects.
Bond has a limited amount of health which decreases when attacked by enemies, but the player can collect health-recovery items to restore a portion of his health.
The player can also use several weapons to neutralize enemies, ranging from pistols to submachine guns, a grenade launcher, and a taser.
The game is compatible with the Transfer Pak accessory, allowing players to transfer multiplayer character data to its Nintendo 64 counterpart, depending on how far they reached in the game.
Alaeddine Abbès (born 6 February 1990) is a Tunisian footballer who currently plays as a attacking-midfielder for Saudi Arabian club Al-Nahda.
Cangandala is a commune, with a population of 32,315, and a town, with a population of 16,232 (2014 census), located in Cangandala Municipality in the Malanje Province of Angola.
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The other listed buildings include churches and related structures, a country house and associated items, bridges, a tape weaving factory, mileposts, and a folly.
This is a list of seasons played by Chirk AAA FC from the 1877–78 season, when the club began playing in competitive fixtures following the founding of the Welsh Cup, to the most recent current season.
McKinley Wright IV (born October 25, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Colorado Buffaloes of the Pac-12 Conference.
Wright attended Champlin Park High School and averaged 23 points, eight rebounds and seven assists per game in his senior season.
On December 15, 2017, Wright set career highs in points (30) and assists (11) as the Buffaloes defeated South Dakota State 112-103 in double overtime.
Wright was named to the Pac-12 Conference All-Freshman Team while earning honorable mention to both the All-Pac-12 Team and All-Defensive Team.
Wright averaged 13 points and 4.8 assists per game despite nursing a left shoulder so tender that he slept on his back to keep it from being painful.
Wright had a season-high 29 points in a 78-76 overtime win over Dayton, receiving jeers from fans of the school he originally signed with out of high school.
Mount Taylor is a mountain summit located in the Coast Mountains, in Joffre Lakes Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
The mountain's name was submitted by Karl Ricker of the Alpine Club of Canada to honor Ada C. Taylor, a Pemberton pioneer and the first nurse in that community.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
William Paul Forster-Warner, known locally as Will Forster (born 1986-1987) is a British Liberal Democrat politician, serving since 2009 as councillor for Woking South on Surrey County Council.
Since 2011, he has also served as councillor for the Hoe Valley ward (previously Kingfield and Westfield) on Woking Borough Council.
Forster is the Liberal Democrat candidate for the constituency of Woking in the 2019 general election, having been selected to contest the previous election in 2017.
Gordeyev or Gordeev (feminine: Gordeyeva / Gordeeva, ) is a Russian-language patronymic surname derived from the given name , a variant of Gordianus/ Gordian.
The Battle of Nevel was a successful military operation conducted by the Red Army in the Pskov Oblast of western Russia and in northern Belarus during World War II, from October 6 to roughly December 16, 1943 although fighting persisted in the area into the new year.
The initial attack created an unexpected breakthrough of the German defenses and liberated the town of Nevel on the first day and subsequent attacks over the next four days created a salient about 35km wide and 25km deep at the junction between German Army Groups North and Center.
Following the Battle for Velikiye Luki in the winter of 1942-43 the 3rd Shock Army had remained on much the same lines east of Novosokolniki and Nevel through the spring and summer.
During this time the railway from Vitebsk through Nevel to Pskov remained in German hands linking the two army groups, although it was under Soviet artillery fire near Novosokolniki.
Although Army Group North had created a ready reserve of five infantry divisions to deal with threats on either end of its front, in early September the Army High Command ordered two of them transferred to Army Group South.
On September 19 Army Group North took over XXXXIII Army Corps from Army Group Center, giving it an additional three divisions, 77km of front, and the responsibility of defending Nevel and Novosokolniki.
Given the nature of the terrain, with many forests, lakes and swamps and few roads even by Russian standards, plus the manpower demands from other sectors, this was impractical.
The offensive began at 0500 hours on October 6 with a reconnaissance-in-force, followed by a 90-minute artillery preparation at 0840 hours and airstrikes by 21st Assault Aviation Regiment.
3rd Shock went over to the attack at 1000 hours on the Zhigary-Shliapy sector, precisely at the boundary between the two German army groups.
28th Rifle Division spearheaded the assault in the first echelon followed closely by an exploitation echelon consisting of the 21st Guards Rifle Division and the 78th Tank Brigade with 54 tanks.
While the attack of the 357th Rifle Division was contained the 78th Tank Brigade, carrying troops of 21st Guards Rifle Division with more mounted on trucks, along with the 163rd Antitank and 827th Howitzer Artillery Regiments, entered the gap and rapidly drove to the west and liberated Nevel from the march.
At the same time the 4th Shock Army, deployed on 3rd Shock's left (south) flank, also launched an attack towards Gorodok.
2nd Guards Rifle Corps led with its 360th Rifle Division, followed by 117th and 16th Lithuanian Divisions and two tank brigades.
83rd Rifle Corps had its 47th Rifle Division up, supported by 234th, 235th and 381st Rifle Divisions and another two tank brigades.
Although there were no further panicked withdrawals by II Luftwaffe Corps the attack gained about 20km but ultimately faltered just short of the Nevel-Gorodok-Vitebsk railroad and highway.
The initial efforts to counterattack failed due to transportation difficulties and superior Soviet strength and on October 9 Küchler decided to wait for reinforcements before trying again.
When Army Group Center proposed merging the remnants of 2nd Luftwaffe Division with an Army division Hitler refused, remarkably stating he did not want to water down good Air Force troops with bad Army troops.
Several days later the two army groups had gathered enough troops to plan a counterattack by two divisions from the north and one from the south but on October 14 Hitler forbade it because he believed the force was not strong enough.
Beginning the next day 3rd Shock Army attacked the villages of Moseevo and Izocha on the northeastern flank of the salient with the 100th Rifle Brigade and eventually all of 28th Rifle Division, supported on the right by the 165th and 379th Rifle Divisions of the newly-arrived 93rd Rifle Corps.
While this attack was held by the German forces, it did capture more favorable jumping-off positions for 6th Guards Army which was moving into the region.
At about this time the boundary between Kalinin Front and Baltic Front (2nd Baltic as of October 20) was shifted to bisect the salient from east to west, and 3rd Shock was reassigned to the latter Front.
On October 19 Army Group Center proposed a joint effort to close the gap but Küchler declared he had no troops to spare due to the threat to Novosokolniki.
Army Group Center then asked permission to proceed alone but Hitler again demurred; on October 26 the Army Group was forced to transfer the panzer division it had been holding in reserve for the counterattack which put paid to all such planning for the foreseeable future.
In an early morning fog on November 2 the 3rd and 4th Shock Armies penetrated the defenses of the left flank of 3rd Panzer Army southwest of Nevel.
After the breakthrough, which opened a 16km-wide gap, 3rd Shock turned to the north behind the flank of 16th Army while 4th Shock moved southwest behind 3rd Panzer Army.
4th Shock's part was described by Maj. Gen. A. F. Beloborodov, commander of 2nd Guards Rifle Corps:On November 4 Hitler called Küchler and Busch to his headquarters.
At the close of the conference he ordered the two army groups to be ready on November 8 to counterattack from north and south and close the gap.
During the day the German force would advance as much as 8km between Lakes Ezerishche and Ordovo and capturing the villages of Blinki, Borok and several others.
Army Group North was scheduled to attack from its side on the morning of November 9 but Küchler protested that all his units were tied down.
Küchler assembled a scratch force of seven battalions which attacked as ordered on November 10, ran into heavy artillery fire and then were thrown back to their line of departure by a counterattack.
While 2nd Guards Corps contained 20th Panzer along the Gorodok-Nevel road, other forces of the Army regrouped and drove deep into the German rear areas.
357th and 119th Rifle Divisions advanced southwestward towards Polotsk while Beloborodov's 381st and 154th Rifle Divisions, supported by 236th Tank Brigade, wheeled southward to assault the German defenses at Gorodok from the west.
3rd Panzer Army moved 113rd Infantry Division to block the advance on Gorodok while several combat groups covered the approaches to Polotsk.
German resistance and deteriorating weather forced a temporary halt to the Soviet advance, but 20th Panzer was also forced to abandon its drive towards Nevel.
By the start of November the 178th, 185th and 357th Divisions had been replaced by the 115th, 146th and 326th Rifle and the 18th Guards Rifle Divisions.
Shortly after the offensive began on November 2 the new commander of 2nd Baltic Front, Army Gen. M. M. Popov, further reinforced the Army with the 119th Guards and the 219th and 245th Rifle Divisions.
Küchler transferred six infantry battalions from 18th Army to cover 16th Army's new rear as its southernmost forces were becoming enveloped from three sides.
The Soviet force headed deep into the German rear area towards its objective, the town of Pustoshka on the Velikiye Luki-Riga railroad line.
By mid-month the 119th Guards Division, flanked by the 146th Division and supported the 118th Tanks, had taken Podbereze and directly threatened to cut the Novosokolniki-Pustoshka rail line.
At around the same time the 6th Guards Army went over to the attack on the east side of the Nevel-Novosokolniki salient in an effort to link up with 3rd Shock and jointly isolate and destroy the XXXXIII Army Corps.
About a week later 3rd Shock made several futile efforts to break through the German defenses east of Pustoshka but made only minimal gains and on November 21 General Popov ordered his entire Front over to the defensive.
However this was preempted beginning on December 29 when General Küchler began a phased withdrawal which took place over six days.
This caught the Soviets by surprise and while 3rd Shock and 6th Guards hastily organized a pursuit this did nothing but harass the retreating Germans.
Despite an untimely thaw making the ground near impassable to vehicles on November 16th the 5th Tank Corps and 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps, backed by rifle divisions of 4th Shock Army, began an attack on November 16 that tore through the defenses of 3rd Panzer Army's 113rd Division and by November 18 reached within 5km of the main road from Gorodok to Nevel.
At 2300 hours that evening three tanks of the 5th Motorized Rifle Brigade with mounted infantry penetrated into Gorodok from the southwest and reportedly destroyed 25 German vehicles and two tanks, but this forward detachment could not be supported and was wiped out by elements of 20th Panzer by 0300 hours on November 19.
For the next week fierce combat raged just west of Gorodok as the Soviet mobile troops repeatedly maneuvered and attacked to take the town.
In response the German command withdrew the remainder of 20th Panzer and part of the 129th Infantry Division from their counterattack positions south of Nevel.
On December 13 the 11th Guards Army attacked the northern tip of 3rd Panzer Army's flank from three sides and in two days had nearly completed encircling two German divisions in separate pockets.
A day later the northern division was encircled and Reinhardt had no choice but to order a breakout which occurred on December 16 at the cost of 2,000 of its 7,000 troops and all of its artillery, heavy weapons and vehicles.
On the same day Hitler conceded the impossibility of sealing off the salient, bringing this phase of the overall battle to a close.
It is the main altarpiece of the first chapel on the right in the church of San Carlo ai Catinari in Rome, Italy.
The Annunciation painting depicts the archangel Gabriel, aloft on a cloud, revealing to the Virgin Mary that she was pregnant with Jesus (Luke 1:10-20 King James Bible).
Above, a group of cherubs open the heavens to allow for light to fall on the Virgin, and to allow the descent (in the form of a dove) of the Holy Spirit The edge of an orange curtain, lit from above, creates a diagonal rising from the right of the canvas, behind the Virgin, up to the clouds.
While many of the iconographic elements are similar, this painting has far less tenebrism: a bed and landscape can be visualized in the background.
Chionochloa rigida, known commonly as narrow-leaved snow tussock and by its Māori name wī kura, is a species of tussock grass endemic to New Zealand.
Found throughout the lower half of the South Island, from Banks Peninsula and east of the Southern Alps through to Southland.
The 2019-20 Union Dutchmen ice hockey season was the 80th season of play for the program and the 29th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Engineers represented Union College and played their home games at Achilles Center, and were coached by Rick Bennett, in his 9th season.
Ahluwalia (also transliterated as Ahluvalia) was a misl, that is, a sovereign state in the Sikh confederacy of Punjab region in present-day India and Pakistan.
Different scholars variously name the misl's founder as Sadho Singh Sandhu, his descendant Bagh Singh, or Bagh Singh's nephew Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.
Even after other misls lost their territories to Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire, the emperor permitted the descendants of Jassa Singh to retain their estates.
After the British took over the Sikh territories in 1846, Jassa Singh's descendants became the ruling family of the Kapurthala State.
In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a Sanskritisation process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.
They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the colonial British administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.
For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of Jaisalmer (and ultimately to Krishna through Salibahan).
According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as Jats, and became Sikhs.
The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.
Lepel Griffin (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.
ap Rhys Pryce was born at Woking in Surrey and from 1955 to 1957 studied at the City and Guilds of London Art School and then at the Edinburgh College of Art under Eric Schilsky.
In 1957 she won a travelling scholarship, further awards followed in 1961 and in 1964 she was awarded the Feodora Gleichen Award by the Royal Society of British Sculptors.
ap Rhys Price taught art at the Elmhurst Ballet School and later held a lecturer post at Twickenham College of Technology between 1970 and 1972.
ap Rhys Pryce's public commissions include designs for sporting medals and trophys including for the 1969 John Player Cricket League and the Players No.6 Rugby League Trophy.
Larger public commissions include the 1988 Minoprio Fountain at the University of Exeter and the 1989 Rose Garden fountain on the Nymans estate in West Sussex.
From 1997 to 2003 she studied German studies at the University of Salzburg and the Humboldt University of Berlin as well as painting at the Mozarteum Salzburg.
From 2003 she lived and worked in Vienna, where she studied as a postgraduate at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna from 2004 to 2005.
In 2015 she received the Friedrich-Hölderlin-Prize of the city of Bad Homburg[5] for Johnny and Jean and was nominated for the prize of the Leipzig Book Fair.
In the summer semester of 2016, Präauer held the Samuel Fischer Guest Professorship for Literature at the Free University of Berlin and gave a seminar on Poetic Ornithology.
In 2017, she held the Mainz Poetry Lecture and was invited to the German Department of Grinnell College in the state of Iowa, as a writer in residence and visiting professor.
Präauer as author leads the reader into the milieu of a contemporary art scene at an art academy, in which younger and old masters of art history are quoted and the artist Johnny even comes into conversation with the artists in his imagination, such as Salvador Dali and Marcel Duchamp.
Some of her artistic works can be seen permanently, such as a book sculpture in the Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna, a painting in the Artothek of the Federal Government.
Born in Curitiba, Brazil during the military dictatorship that lasted from 1964 to 1985, Balardini immigrated to New York City, United States in 1995.
Balardini studied Arts and Letters with focus on Portuguese and Spanish Literature at the Federal University of Paraná, as well as Modern Dance and Classical Ballet at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR) and Faculdade de Artes do Paraná in Curitiba.
As a dancer and theatre actress, Balardini premiered at Teatro Guaíra in Curitiba, one of the largest concert halls in Latin America.
The Off-off Broadway play and its cast received 8 nominations to 2014 and 2015 Brazilian International Press Awards and a nomination for a 2014 New York Innovative Theatre Awards for best choreography.
Ameh, although being a native of Idoma in Benue State, was born and raised in Ajegunle in Lagos State, a south western geographical part of Nigeria predominantly occupied by the Yoruba speaking people of Nigeria.
Adolfo Jorge Bullrich (December 30, 1833 - March 8, 1904) was a military and merchant Argentine who became Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires between 1898 and 1902, during the first part of the second presidency of Julio Argentino Roca.
Adolfo Jorge Bullrich was born in 1833, son of Augusto Bullrich, a German who had arrived in Buenos Aires as a prisoner of war, caught as an enemy soldier during the War of Brazil, and after his release had settled in the city.
He is a longtime friend of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and he served as the pilot for Carter's first campaign for governor of Georgia in 1970.
He was initially charged with breaking Iranian financial laws and then later charged with spying, though he was never officially charged.
Edward Henry Harriman Simmons (August 21, 1876 – May 21, 1955) was an American banker and author who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
Among his siblings was Harriman Neilson Simmons, Charles Dewar Simmons Jr., Mary Elizabeth (née Simmons) Goff, and Cornelia Neilson (née Simmons) King.
His paternal grandparents were Thomas Corbett Simmons and Mary Elizabeth Simmons and his maternal grandparents were Orlando Harriman and Cornelia (née Neilson) Harriman.
His maternal uncle, and namesake, was railroad executive Edward Henry Harriman, and his maternal aunt, Annie Ingland Harriman, was married to James Fleming Van Rensselaer.
Among his cousins were diplomat and future New York Governor W. Averell Harriman and bankers Oliver Harriman Jr., and E. Roland Harriman.
After attending the Stevens School in Hoboken followed by the Drisler School, Simmons trained as a doctor at Columbia University, graduating in 1898.
Not long thereafter, he set up his own brokerage business and became a director of the Harriman National Bank, of which another cousin, Joseph Wright Harriman, was president.
In 1900, Simmons became a member of the New York Stock Exchange and, beginning in 1909, a member of the governing committee.
From 1921 through 1924, he served as vice-president of the Exchange, followed by a six year term as president beginning in 1924 (when he was a member of the firm of Rutter & Gross at 52 Broadway).
In May 1935, Simmons became vice-president of the Exchange at the suggestion of Charles R. Gay, Whitney's successor as president of the Exchange.
Whitney, however, was later convicted of embezzlement and imprisoned and Simmons had to testify multiple times in 1938 before the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, regarding Whitney and the Richard Whitney & Co. insolvency.
In New York City, they lived at 570 Park Avenue and had a summer home on Sicomac Road in Franklin Township, New Jersey (now Wyckoff).
After a two month honeymoon to Hawaii, they lived at his home at 812 Park Avenue on Manhattan's Upper East Side.
Beatrice, a divorcee who was the daughter of Eugene Thurston Bogert and Anna (née Vanderpoel) Bogert, had been previously married to lawyer William Bayard Blackwell II (with whom she had William Bayard Blackwell III).
Beatrice and John married in September 1915, but later divorced in Reno in April 1929 before she married Simmons in 1929.
Through his daughter Cornelia, he was a grandfather of Arthur Comstock Romaine, a Harvard University graduate who married Dorothy Stevens in 1964.
The Carrier Linguistic Society (CLS), previously known as the Carrier Linguistic Committee, is a First Nations Organization that was incorporated into the Societies Act of British Columbia in 1973.
Both the CLS and the Nak'azdli band are also officially recognised by the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council as the official language authorities for the Nak’azdli Community.
The Carrier Linguistics Society is credited with the creation and implementation of the Carrier Linguistic Committee writing system, which is influenced by the Latin alphabet and is widely regarded as the most popularly used Dakelh/Carrier writing system.
Additionally, the CLS has published various Carrier and English-Carrier bilingual dictionaries and primers intended for both bilingual language learning and classroom language acquisition in several different Carrier dialects.
They have also published multiple Carrier-translated short stories, texts, and oral transmissions meant to facilitate language learning that, like the dictionaries and primers, are available in several different Carrier dialects.
Many of these texts are available for purchase at the CLS bookstore based in Fort St. James, which also includes multiple Carrier and English-Carrier bilingual workbooks, CDs and DVDs, songbooks, and storybooks.
The Carrier Linguistic Society also worked in collaboration with Nak’azdli Elders and the First Peoples' Cultural Council to establish an online Dakelh language archiving, teaching, and learning platform on the website FirstVoices.
The CLS has also played a large role in the curriculum development and the implementation of Carrier language classes being taught at eight local schools and worked in collaboration with the University of Northern British Columbia to establish Carrier language classes and the Education Diploma in a First Nations Language and Culture (Dakelh / Carrier) at the University of Northern British Columbia.
Pietro Fenoglio (Turin, 3 May 1865 - Corio, 22 August 1927) was an Italian architect and engineer, considered one of the most important pioneers of Art Nouveau in Italy.
He took advantage of the very favorable economic climate to become one of the style's most fervent supporters in northern Italy before the First World War.
Building little after 1912, Fenoglio parlayed his success as a designer into a diverse set of economic ventures, eventually landing him the directorship of a bank in 1915.
His father Giovanni was an administrator, while his mother Giacinta (née Guillot) was the daughter of the former Préfect of Chambéry, who had moved to Turin after Chambéry had been annexed by France in the Treaty of Turin in 1860.
After studying civil engineering under Carlo Ceppi at the Regia Scuola di Applicazione per gli Ingegneri di Torino (now the Politecnico di Torino), from which he graduated in 1889, he worked first for the firm of Brayda, Boggio and Reyend before forming his own firm.
Sensing the fashion of the time, however, his interest subsequently turned to Art Nouveau, and after 1900 he became the leading protagonist of the style in Turin.
Commissions in a period of rapid economic expansion and prosperity were plentiful and Fenoglio became extremely prolific, establishing his studio at 60, Via XX Settembre, where he designed some of the major Italian examples of Art Nouveau.
Over the course of thirteen years he designed and built over three hundred projects for villas and palaces, many of which were concentrated in the area centered on the Corso Francia.
Fenoglio's work became increasingly recognizable by his strategic use of pastel colors, the ornament that alternates between floral subjects and circular geometric elements, and from the wide use of cement frameworks combined with the sometimes-daring decorative elegance of iron and glass.
At the same time, the intense spate of construction activity meant that he also became part of the emerging Turin industrial and financial bourgeoisie, consolidating his influence in the construction sector.
Fenoglio became vice-president of the well-known Impresa Porcheddu, of the Società Anonima Cementi del Monferrato, and a partner in the Accomandita Ceirano & Company, and managing director of the emerging Banca Commerciale Italiana.
Other buildings worthy of note that reproduce decorative elements deriving from the success of the Casa Fenoglio-Lafleur are the Casa Galateri, one of the many commissioned by the same client, recognizable for the remarkable oriel bay overlooking the Via Cibrario; and the no-less-remarkable Casa Rossi-Galateri on the Via Passalacqua.
Fenoglio was especially known for the number of Art Nouveau apartment buildings during this period: Casa Rossi Galateri (1903), Casa Rey (1904), Casa Boffa/Costa (1904), Casa Macciotta (1904), Casa Balbis (1905), Casa Ina (1906), Casa Guelpa (1907), and the council houses of via Marco Polo (1904), realized in collaboration with the architects Vicary and Molli.
After 1904, his work as a designer expanded into the nascent world of Italian industry, which found Turin a favorable place to establish new companies.
Among the best known commissions of Fenoglio's industrial architecture are the Conceria Fiorio (1900), the Stabilimento Boero (1905), the Fonderie Ballada (1906), the car factory of Officine Diatto (1907) and the large building of the first Italian brewery Bosio & Caratsch, with the attached manor house (1907).
Thanks to his newly-acquired experience in the field of industrial plant design, Fenoglio was also entrusted with of the vast project of the Leumann Village, the working-class neighborhood in nearby Collegno where, in addition to the Cotonificio Leumann, he built the houses and the school and the church of Santa Elisabetta, one of the handful of ecclesiastical structures in the world built in Art Nouveau.
In the Monferrato area, together with the engineer Giovanni Antonio Porcheddu, he designed the first factory for the fiber cement company Eternit di Borgo Ronzone.
He was also politically active, holding positions as city councilman and consultant for the study of the new town plan that was completed in 1908.
In 1912 he also joined the Board of Directors of the Banca Commerciale Italiana and in 1915, when the then-managing director Otto Joel was removed from his position due to his German origins, which were incompatible with the nationalistic climate following Italian entry into the First World War, he was replaced by Fenoglio himself along together with Giuseppe Toeplitz.
In this capacity Fenoglio continued to promote quality architecture by actively participating in the bank's expansion and construction of branch offices, including enventually the construction of the new headquarters in Piazza Colonna in Rome, for which he appointed young Marcello Piacentini as director of works.
Piacentini soon became the one of the principal figures in the emergence of the rationalist architecture that characterized the next twenty years in Italy.
The 310th Infantry Regiment was a National Army Infantry Regiment first organized for service in World War I as part of the 78th Division.
Since then it has served as a training Regiment, training Army Reserve and Army National Guard Soldiers for service in support of the Global War on Terror.
The Regiment was constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as the 310th Infantry and assigned to the 155th Infantry Brigade of the 78th Division.
The Doughboys of the Regiment deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Forces and participated in the St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, and Lorraine campaigns.
They arrived at the Port of New York on 31 May 1919 and demobilized at Camp Dix on 6 June 1919.
The Regiment was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves as the 310th Infantry on 24 June 1921 and reassigned to the 78th Division (later redesignated as the 78th Infantry Division) in the First Corps Area.
The Regiment normally conducted summer training at Camp Dix with the 16th and 18th Infantry Regiments or at Plattsburg Barracks with the 26th Infantry Regiment.
The Regiment was ordered into active military service 15 August 1942 and reorganized at Camp Butner, North Carolina, using a cadre provided by the 2nd Infantry Division.
The Regiment was reconstituted on 17 December 1946 in the Organized Reserves with Headquarters in Jersey City, New Jersey, under TOE 29-7T.
On 9 November 1955 the Regimental Headquarters was moved to Kearny, New Jersey and then to Lodi, New Jersey on 12 October 1961.
The 310th Infantry was redesignated as the 310th Regiment (Basic Combat Training), and reorganized to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 78th Division (Training) on 31 January 1968, the Regimental Headquarters was deactivated.
The 1st and 3rd Battalions were activated on 25 January 1991 to train Army Reserve units deploying to Operation Desert Storm and inactivated again on 31 March.
For two years he taught Italian (1948-49) at the University of Warsaw, where, under the influence of Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński, he focused on paleoslavistics and later specialized in Bulgarian at Paris under Roger Bernard and old Russian literature at Andre Mazon.
Between 1953 and 1961 he was a professor at the Universities of Florence and Pisa, and then headed the Institute of Slavic Philology at the University of Rome, La Sapienza (1961-65).
In 1965–1966 he was a visiting professor at Columbia University in New York, and since 1968, for almost two decades, he has been a professor of Slavic literature at Yale University in New Haven.
When he returned to Italy in 1985, Riccardo Picchio became Professor of Russian, Church Slavonic and Bulgarian Literature at the University of Oriental Institute of Naples, where he retired in 1993.
As part of her PhD she spent a year at the Centre for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland as a Fulbright Scholar.
She then moved to Haverford College, USA in 2002 where she worked as an Associate Professor before becoming a full Professor in 2014.
During her time at Haverford College she was a Branco Weiss Fellow of the Society of Science between 2004-2009, and a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies, Berlin from 2010-11.
Her research has focused on using bacterial genetics to understand the molecular epidemiology, colonization, pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacteria.
In 2019 she was awarded funding from the Grand Challenge Africa drug discovery scheme to strengthen drug discovery capacity and identify potential drugs compunds against bacterial disease at the University of Ibadan.
She is also working on low-cost technology solutions to monitor antimicrobial resistance in low-income settings, with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
In 2015 she was awarded funding from the Microbiology Society to reform a Masters course in Pharmaceutical Biology at the University of Ibadan.
She has also written a book, Divining Without Seeds: The case for strengthening laboratory medicine in Africa, with the aim to assist researchers as well as policy makers.
Okeke's expertise has been recognised by global policy initiatives, including the World Economic Forum, where in 2018 she spoke about ways to improve antimicrobial surveillance in African countries.
She has also served on committees and acted as a consultant for the Wellcome Trust Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Infections Consortium, the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control, the World Health Organization, and the Nigerian Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership Network.
The insignia were established through Regional Legislative Decree n. 21/2003/M of 13 August and regulated by Regional Regulatory Decree n. 9/2004/M of 12 April.
Its attribution is decided by deliberation of the Council of the Regional Government, after receiving proposals of any member of the Regional Government or of any member of the Regional Legislative Assembly.
In 2002 she was awarded an National Science Foundation CAREER Award and selected as one of the American Chemical Society women making an impact in chemistry.
Dan J. Thoma (born January 30, 1963) is an American metallurgist who is a Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
From 1992 to 2015, Thoma worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, where he most recently served as the Deputy Division Leader at the Materials Science and Technology Division.
Thoma has received a number of honors and awards, including the 2010 Distinguished Achievement Award from the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and 2019 TMS Fellow Award.
Thoma currently sits on the Advisory Board of Directors of the NASA University Leadership Initiative, the eXtremeMat Technical Advisory Board, the AIME Council of Excellence, the HC Starck Strategic Advisory Council, and the University of California, Irvine Institute for Design and Manufacturing Innovation Advisory Board.
The insignia were established through Regional Legislative Decree n. 21/2003/M of 13 August and regulated by Regional Regulatory Decree n. 9/2004/M of 12 April.
Its attribution is decided by deliberation of the Council of the Regional Government, after receiving proposals of any member of the Regional Government or of any member of the Regional Legislative Assembly.
Currently, the department is responsible for administering the collection of the North Carolina state income tax, gasoline tax, sales tax, beverage tax, inheritance tax, .
In 1849, North Carolina first imposed an income tax of three percent of interest, dividends, profits, wages, and salaries and a fixed fee of $3.00 on citizens with incomes in excess of $500.
Although the income tax provide a major portion of the state revenue, the income taxes were rarely collected after the civil war due to a lack of a way to verify income sources.
When the North Carolina Constitution was rewritten after the Civil War in 1868, the North Carolina State Tax Commission was authorized to tax trades, professions, franchises, and incomes.
In 1903, the State Tax Commission recommended transferring property tax assessments to local authorities vice the state and income, license, franchise, and inheritance taxes would remain with the state.
As part of this new tax legislation, the assembly created the Department of Revenue to administer, enforce and collect the income tax.
When the financing of schools, roads, and prisons was shifted from local government to state government responsibility in the 1930s, a retail sales tax of three percent was enacted to pay for it with the Department of Revenue responsible for collecting it.
While the position was initially created in 1921 to be nominated by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate and elected in the same manner as other public offices in 1924, this was changed in 1929 to allow the Governor to appoint the commissioner as it has been done since then.
At Rice, Mahendra studied how silver nanoparticles contained in water filtration membranes, polymers, and oil paints, worked to disinfect viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
As a result of her research, Mahendra received the 2013 Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award from the National Science Foundation and UCLA's 2013 DuPont Young Professor award.
The Dupont award was given to Mahendra for her development of cost-effective detection and remediation of microbes and fungi that could remedy chemical contaminants in groundwater at industrial sites.
As an Associate Professor, Mahendra teamed up with Leonard Rom to develop a new technique that uses enzymes to remove pollutants from water which also minimizes risks to public health and the environment.
Pacific Underground is a New Zealand performing arts collective, founded in 1993 in Christchurch, New Zealand, to produce contemporary performing art that reflects the group's Pacific Island heritage.
Pacific Underground has produced plays, music, workshops and events and continues to be an active influence on performing arts culture within New Zealand.
The founding members of Pacific Underground were sisters Mishelle and Tanya Muagutitui'a along with Oscar Kightley, Simon Small, Michael Hodgson and Erolia Ifopo.
This play was groundbreaking partly because of its humour and partly because of the theme of a rift between the generations: those born in Samoa, and those born in New Zealand.
Pacific Underground were an intrinsic part of the Christchurch Arts Centre with an office for many years at the Dux de Lux, famous to students as a live music venue.
The company has had many different performers, directors and production people over the years, many of whom have continued in the arts the film and TV industry.
Well-known New Zealand artists who started out with Pacific Underground include Oscar Kightley, David Fane, Shimpal Lelisi, who are all members of the Naked Samoans.
Xanthi railway station () is a railway station that servers the city of Xanthi, in Xanthi in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.
Services from Thessaloniki and Alexandroupolis were cut back from six to just two trains a day, reducing the reliability of services, and passenger numbers.
On the 25 September 2016, as part of the planned upgrade ‘reorganization’ of the rail network, the Drama-Xanthi rail link was be suspended.
Between July 2005 and February 2011 the Friendship Express, (an international InterCity train jointly operated by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) and TrainOSE S.A. linking Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, Turkey and Thessaloniki, Greece) made scheduled stops at Xanthi.
In linguistics, negative raising is a phenomenon that concerns the raising of negation from the embedded or subordinate clause of certain predicates to the matrix or main clause.
The higher copy of the negation, in the matrix clause, is pronounced; but the semantic meaning is interpreted as though it were present in the embedded clause.
This syntactic approach was supported in the early beginnings by evidence provided by Robin Lakoff, who used, in part, strong/strict Polarity items as proof.
Chris Collins and Paul Postal have also written in more recent times in defense of the classical argumentation to negative raising.
This is because even with the raising of the negation to the matrix clause, both sentences convey the same meaning, thus the matrix clause negation is to be interpreted as if it were within the embedded clause.
The English language has a rich inventory of operators; these operators (in this case NEG specifically), differ from each other in terms of their scope orders with respect to other operators (in this case Verb).
When we look at negative raising - we are thus looking at the operator NEG, and its scope over the Verbs in a phrase.
This tree illustrates how NEG can be raised from the embedded clause to the Matrix clause; thus it can be pronounced in the higher position while retaining its scope from the lower position.
negative raising works similar to English in Modern Greek but there appears to be clearer evidence of its existence in the language.
This clause cannot stand as an independent clause if the negation is not present, showing that the pair appear together in the same context (for it to be grammatical, another verb form would have to be used).
When analyzing French tag questions, the tags 'oui' or 'non' are both seen with affirmative statements, while the tag 'non' is only selected by negative statements.
negative raising can be demonstrated through the observation that when the negation is in the embedded clause, it is able to take a tag.
Through this depiction, with both the matrix clause negation in ii) and embedded clause negation in iii) possessing the ability to take a tag, evidence is given that ii) surfaces via negative raising from the structures like iii).
In this data, it appears that the way in which the possible responses 'si'/'oui' are distributed relies upon the polarity of that to which it is a response.
This prompts evidence that they depict the same meaning despite the movement of the negation in the phrase, and thus, both structures originating their negation in the embedded clause.
What this means is that if the NPI were to occur in the matrix clause and the negator in the embedded clause, it would be considered to be ungrammatical, as it would not be within the scope domain of the negator.
Another aspect which differentiates Japanese from English, in reference to Japanese NPIs, is that NPIs are considered to be legitimate regardless of whether they appear in the subject or the object position in simple verbal clauses.
Only the upper copy of the word is pronounced, so there is no possibility of an incorrect double negation analysis of the meaning.
This can be seen as analogous to English sentences that contain a NEG internal to the DP combined with an NPI.
Aaron Henry (born August 30, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Michigan State Spartans of the Big Ten Conference.
Rated a three-star recruit, Henry committed to play college basketball at Michigan State going into his senior year over offers from Butler, Illinois, Ohio State and Xavier.
As a freshman Henry played in all 39 of Michigan State's games, starting 22 of the final 23 contests and averaging 6.1 points and 3.8 rebounds per game.
He averaged 9.0 points and 5.6 rebounds during postseason play as whole and 10.4 points and 5.2 rebounds in the NCAA Tournament.
Henry scored a career high 20 points to go with eight rebounds and six assists against LSU in the Sweet Sixteen of the 2019 NCAA Tournament.
The insignia were established through Regional Legislative Decree n. 21/2003/M of 13 August and regulated by Regional Regulatory Decree n. 9/2004/M of 12 April.
Its attribution is decided by deliberation of the Council of the Regional Government, after receiving proposals of any member of the Regional Government or of any member of the Regional Legislative Assembly.
21/2003/M, the Autonomic Insignia of Valour is to be bestowed to those who distinguish themselves as in the performance of any public or private duties, in industrial, commercial, livestock, forestry and agricultural activities, as well as works; and civic and professional activities.
Nell Hopman and Harry Hopman recorded their fourth and last mixed doubles victory by defeating the defending champions Margaret Wilson and John Bromwich 6–8, 6–2, 6–3, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1939 Australian Championships.
Mohammed bin Saad al-Abdali, born in the city of Taif, a former football player in the victory and the Saudi team.
Mohamed Abdali plays the center of attack, and his career spanned nearly 15 years, during which he scored more than 300 official and friendly goals with the club and the team.
Al-Abdali's talent appeared as an accomplished striker who does not disagree with him in this club and found the opportunity to represent him at the level of the first team, despite his young age in the first meeting represented by his team after recording only 4 days.
Mohammed Saad Al-Abdali scored two goals and made the third goal for his fellow late striker Ahmed Al-Denini, may God have mercy on him.
Mohammed Saad al-Abdali is the second-highest scorer in the riyadh Derby scored 18 goals against Al Hilal after Majid Abdullah, who scored 21 goals.
It is designated as a Ramsar site, a Special Protection Area, a Special Area of Conservation and a Site of Special Scientific Interest..
It is also the collective name of a group of settlements on the peninsula, which were nearly all evicted as part of the Highland Clearances.
At its peak, Tingon had a number of crofts; there was a croft each at Knowes, Sannions, Sumra, Ocran, Ocraness, Quidadale, Westerhouse and Aurora (pronounced 'Rora).
Anne Vanderlove or Anna van der Leeuw (December 11, 1939 – June 30, 2019) was a Dutch-born French singer and songwriter, known as the French Joan Baez.
In 1966 she found herself again in Paris where the plan had been to set out on a humanitarian mission, instead she was intrigued by the capital's singers.
After successfully running in the 1994 German federal election, Mertens was a member of the , representing the Hamburg Eimsbüttel electoral district.
She was the SPD parliamentary group's spokesperson on transport and building policy from 1998, and then became parliamentary state secretary in the transport ministry during the first and second Schröder cabinet.
She was the second lady of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and first lady of Buenos Aires Province from 2007 to 2015 as the wife of governor Daniel Scioli.
Karina Rabolini was born in , Santa Fe Province on 27 April 1967, the daughter of Isabel Elena Pettenatti and Raúl Alberto Rabolini.
In 1986 she met powerboat racer and businessman Daniel Scioli, whom she married in a civil ceremony on 10 December 1991, followed by a religious ceremony at San Ignacio Parish on 12 December.
Scioli became the Vice President of Argentina on 25 May 2003, and Rabolini served as second lady until the end of his term on 10 December 2007.
When Scioli assumed the governorship of Buenos Aires Province in 2007, in addition to the duties of first lady, Rabolini served as president of the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires Foundation.
Microcredit as a means of access to employment became one of her main interests, an issue she presented on at the 2014 International Congress of Social Responsibility (CIRS).
In partnership with the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires and international organizations, she expanded a pre-existing program by offering more opportunities to new entrepreneurs.
Although her political participation was limited to protocol, she was usually present at public events, as well as interviews and political television programs.
Her work at the foundation has been recognized with various awards and mentions, such as the Cilsa Social Commitment Award (2011), the ISALUD Career Award (2011), and being named honorary godmother of the Ricardo Gutiérrez Hospital Solidarity Festival (2013).
Rabolini separated from Scioli after his defeat in the 2015 presidential election, and she also left her office at the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires.
Dhanusu Raasi Neyargale () is a 2019 Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by debutante Sanjay Bharathi and produced by Gokulam Gopalan.
Arjun (Harish Kalyan) is an ardent believer of astrology that he steps out of his house at auspicious times, wears different-colored shirts suiting his star sign, and many such crazy things.
His astrology guru Thirumandha (Pandiarajan) tells him that he should marry a Kanni Raasi (Virgo) girl who comes from another state so that his life will prosper.
Anita (Reba Monica John) advises Arjun not to follow KRV as she is an independent aspiring astronaut who is going to Mars on a one-way mission.
He had narrated the story to his friend Harish Kalyan a few years ago and included him as part of the final cast.
She served as a professor of the Higher School of Agriculture of Barcelona of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, and had been a leading authority in Spain on the subject of composting.
She received a degree in Chemical Sciences from the University of Barcelona, and a PhD from the Institute of Fundamental Biology from the Autonomous University of Barcelona.
She worked for six years at the Laboratorio Químico-Textil de fibras artificiales de la SAFA in Blanes, and was a professor for 32 years at the School of Agriculture of Barcelona where she was responsible for subjects related to Agricultural Chemical Analysis and Management and treatment of organic waste.
After she retired, she continued to collaborate with the Organic Waste Characterization, Diagnosis and Composting group, of the Barcelona School of Agriculture (ESAB-UPC).
Soliva's research primarily focused on composting, with the mission of preserving and improving the environment, protecting the soil and increasing agricultural productivity.
She directed more than 150 Ph.D. projects related to these topics, participated in numerous research projects, and advised companies and administrations on issues related to waste treatment.
She was the daughter of Napoleó Soliva Moner, a teacher of Blanes, where she worked for 30 years and in which she has a school dedicated to her name (Napoleó Soliva School) in recognition of her teaching career.
The Azorean Autonomic Insignia are regional honours, created by Regional Legislative Decree n. 36/2002/A, of 28 November and regulated by Regional Legislative Decree n. 10/2006/A, of 20 March, which aims to distinguish, in life or posthumously, citizens or legal persons who stand out for personal or institutional merits, acts, civic deeds or services rendered to the Azorean people.
The attribution of the Azorean Autonomic Insignia is made through parliamentary decision and they are usually awarded on the Region's Day, in a solemn session co-chaired by the Presidents of the Legislative Assembly and the Regional Government of the Azores.
It aims to distinguish meritorious acts or services performed by Portuguese or foreign citizens in the exercise of any public or private functions.
Reward those who, having developed their activities in the industrial, commercial or agricultural areas, have been highlighted by relevant services for their development or exceptional merits in their performance.
This insignia is intended to reward those who, as a result of a clear understanding of civic duties, have made a significant contribution to community service, particularly in the areas of social and cultural action.
It aims to highlight relevant services rendered in the performance of duties in the Public Administration, as well as to reward those employees who demonstrate unusual qualities within their career and who, by their behavior, can be mentioned as an example to follow.
On 1 October 2011, he was elected to succeed José Luís Jesus as President of the ITLS for a three-year term.
Fair Fight Action is an organization created by Stacey Abrams to address voter suppression, especially in the states of Georgia and Texas.
Stacey Abrams had long been involved with the Democratic Party and had served as a Democratic leader in the Georgia House of Representatives.
Kemp was serving as Secretary of State during this race which led to criticism that he was biased against potential Abrams voters.
Fair Fight Action aims to make sure elections in Georgia are more equitable, increase voter registration and ensure all votes are accurately counted.
Fair Fight Action is currently suing the state of Georgia's secretary of state office over what they consider to be unconstitutional voting issues.
Self produced and recorded by the band in their home studio in Dundalk, with additional recordings engineered by Chris Ryan in Start Together Studios, Belfast.
Family Policy Alliance of Kansas is a conservative Christian lobbying group and the state affiliate of Family Policy Alliance in Kansas.
The organization has also advocated against legal same-sex marriage, and believes that business owners should be allowed to decline service to LGBT customers.
Former member of the Italian Communist Party, she joined the Democratic Party in 2007 and ran for Mayor of Fermo at the 2011 Italian local elections.
The altarpiece is divided into three parts, and has a painting depicting the women at the grave of Christ, the risen Christ and Christ washing the disciples' feet.
The total area of the village is 123.4 hectares, 58.7 hectares of which is under non-agricultural usage, 8.8 hectares is culturable waste-land, 55.9 hectares is net area sown.
Eugen Wiedmaier (16 November 1900 – 14 March 1940) was a German political activist and party official (KPD) who engaged in anti-fascist resistance after 1933.
Following six years in solitary confinement, he died while detained at the main penitentiary in Ludwigsburg, during the first part of 1940.
As the USDP itself broke apart, in 1919 he joined the newly launched Communist Party (KPD), remaining a member at least till the party was outlawed in 1933.
In 1923, following the French military occupation of the Ruhr the KJD leadership sent him to the region as a party instructor.
1923 was also the year in which Eugen Wiedmaier married Maria Siegloch (1896–1977), the daughter of a railway worker and, like Wiedmaier, a communist activist originally from Zuffenhausen.
She came to the partnership with a son from her first marriage, but there is no mention of any children born from the marriage of Eugen and Maria Wiedmaier.
Although the Commuist Party was now banned, Wiedmaier moved in February 1933 to the Magdeburg region, accepting a Central Committee appointment as a party instructor with responsibilities extending across central-southern Germany, notably Thuringia and Saxony.
It was here that he was arrested, together with other party activists and officials, at a clandestine meeting in Karlsruhe on 26 January 1934.
It turned out that a party courier from Berlin whom they had been expecting to join them was a police spy.
Communist networks after 1933 were by definition highly secretive, making their detailed operational arrangements hard to determine for the authorities and, indeed, for subsequent researchers.
Although he had by this time been incarcerated for more that two years, Wiedmaier was among those tried, convicted and sentenced.
In practical terms, this could be seen as a retrial: it involved an increase of the jail sentence he was already serving to a total length of twelve and a half years.
Fractured Follies (Chinese: 長短腳之戀; Pinyin: cháng duǎn jiǎo zhī liàn) is a 1988 Hong Kong Romantic Comedy Film directed by Wong Chung, it stars Chow Yun-fat, Joey Wong, James Wong, Nina Li Chi, Wong Ching, Bonnie Law and Mengxia Zheng.
One day while she and her family was cleaning their supermarket they had just bought, May gets hit by a taxi driven by Joe (Chow Yun-fat).
Thinking he is the one that crippled May, he volunteers to work for May's family supermarket to repay her medical bills.
On the other hand, Joe's friend Sea (Wong Ching) was falling for Scarlet, with Joe's help, he managed to win her heart.
On the Chinese movie review website, Douban, it received an average rating of 6.8 out of 10 based on 6599 user reviews.
The Klimo Library (), Klimo Collection () or Episcopal Library () established in 1774 is the first public library of Hungary.
After that, the building of the library and its collection were given to the university by Bishop Gyula Zichy for eternal use.
From 1924, the library was the main university library of the University of Pécs (previously Elisabeth University of Bratislava) until 2010, when the most of the university's collection was migrated to the University Library of Pécs and Centre for Learning.
In 10th of August 1731, he began his studies at the St. Stephen seminary (Szent István Papnevelő Intézet) where he learned theology and liberal arts for two years.
On 21st of March 1733, he was ordained as deacon and on the 30th of May 1733, Archbishop Imre Esterházy ordained him as priest in Vedrőd.
He was confirmed on the 15th of November 1751, and ordained as bishop on the 5th of March 1752 by Archbishop Franjo Klobusiczky in Pest.
After he took his position, Maria Theresa offered him – and his brother (János and Márton), as well as his cousin (Ádám) – a nobiliary title.
After the death of Archbishop Ferenc Barkóczy in 1765, Maria Theresa offered him the position of Archbishop of Esztergom but Klimó rejected that, referring to his illness as being the cause.
Even though – as a serf family descendant – he understood their point of view, he could not free the city because of his episcopal vow.
From the start of his term (1752) till his death (1777), the number of elementary schools were increased from 72 to 134.
Klimó supported many things during his term, such as the music of the episcopal see, literature, poetry and the renovation and decoration of the Cathedral of Pécs.
The predecessor of György Klimó, Bishop Zsigmond Berényi, who was the head of the episcopal see from 1736 until 1748 had a private library with around 3000 volumes, mostly theological, liturgical, legal and history works.
With around a thousand volumes of the Chapter of the Cathedral, also in the same subject, the sum thereof constituted the basis of the library to which Bishop György Klimó added his own collection.
Journals of that time – such as the Pressburger Zeitung and the Wienerisches Diarium – wrote that the collection of the library contained about 20.000 volumes.
He collected books systematically, considering the needs of the faculties of the future university, which was not established in his lifetime.
The most important and basic work of every discipline of the 18th century could and can be found in the library.
Various fields, such as catholic and protestant theology, history, natural sciences and medicine, mathematics, linguistics and works of contemporary banned authors.
Their successors did not take care of the library, no new purchases were made, therefore the institution finished operating as a public library.
After that, the library was increased mostly only by presents bequests, mainly by books according to the interest of the priests in the episcopal see.
The university’s library started operating in 1915 in Pozsony and after the abolishment of the university, its rich collection (around 65.000 volumes), however, remained in Pozsony.
The university settled down in Pécs and its library was placed in the building of the Klimo Library which had been given to the university by Bishop Gyula Zichy.
Zichy also gave the university the Klimo Library’s circa 33.000 volumes for eternal use, with the 7000 volumes private collection of the Chapter of the Cathedral as well.
Even though the library of the university and the Klimo Collection were in the same building, the collections were placed and used separately.
Thanks to many donations from Hungarian and foreign libraries and regular persons, the number of volumes of the university library increased relatively fast.
From 1930 until 1934, József Fitz, one of the most prominent figures of the Hungarian librarianship, was the director of the university, who faced serious problems during his term.
It is due to him that the modest library of the University of Pécs, during a relatively short time, closed up along with the best working libraries of the country.
During his time, around 1400 students were studying at the university and the capacity of the library’s reading room was only 24 people.
In order to have a reliable survey of the stock of books, a complete revision was needed, and making a catalogue of the whole library was necessary.
The university library was operating as a general university library, which meant it collected books in general subjects in order to satisfy the needs of the university’s citizens.
From that time onwards, the library also became a nation-wide scientific library, as well as a regional library for South-Transdanubia and a special library for political science and jurisprudence.
The scope of the library’s duties also encompassed the support of the lecturers and students of the university with giving them the necessary documents in connection with their works.
Most of the documents were lendable except the original Klimo Library collection, those manuscripts, curiosities, periodicals and books which had been published before 1850.
Nowadays, the Klimo Library is still an open library, but because of its collection, it is mostly visited by researchers only.
It recalls the gothic style of the medieval university of Pécs and tells us the history of the University of Pécs and its predecessors’.
Unfortunately, only the first volume was finished which contains only the list of the authors of the collection in alphabetical order.
The library preserves eight codices, 25 incunabula from the 15th century, 250 antiqua from the 16th century and more than two-hundred old Hungarian prints made before 1711.
As part of the Episcopal Collection, there is a globe and a celestial globe which were made in Amsterdam in 1707.
The station was opened to the public on 10 December, 2019 along with three other Red Line stations, over six months after the opening of the line's first 13 stations.
It is endemism to the island of Borneo where it is found in Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Timur and Kalimantan Utara.
It has smooth bark, glossy green, lance-shaped to egg-shaped or elliptical leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical fruit.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between nine and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels up to long.
The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level or below it.
This subspecies occurs on the highest peaks suitable for tree growth in the Snowy Mountains, including in the Kosciuszko National Park, extending to Bimberi Peak in the Australian Capital Territory and the highest peaks in Victoria, including Mount Hotham, Mount Bogong, Mount Torbreck and Mount Wellington.
The A-League Player of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best adjudged A-League player each month of the season.
Christian Gottlieb Geissler (1729 Augsburg - 2 November 1814 Geneva) was a German-Swiss copperplate engraver, painter and printmaker, specialising in natural history, who moved to Geneva in about 1771 where he became a Swiss citizen.
Following this he moved to Geneva where he worked with the enamel painter Süß, and founded a school of drawing and worked as a copperplate engraver.
Francisco González Cruz (born August 12, 1993) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, who works under the ring name Chamuel.
In 2017 he joined CMLL and in 2019, as part of the CMLL 86th Anniversary Show, he lost his mask to Microman.
The two portrayed a masked, monster/doll due with Chamuel initially wearing a mask that resembled a ventriloquist's dummy but would later change to an evil clown mask.
In his first recorded match Chamuel and Henry teamed up with Monsther and Chucky to defeat Gran Alebrije, Pequeño Cuije, Don Pollo, and Pollito.
In July he was one of eight men risking their mask on the outcome of a steel cage match, but was not involved in the final portion of the match, having escaped earlier on.
Chamuel capped off 2012 by surviving another steel cage match with his mask, watching as The Medic's II was unmasked at the end of the match.
Chamuel and the Micro-Estrellas would appear on various CMLL shows, as well as make special appearances on the Mexican independent circuit, such as The Crash Lucha Libre, Promociones El Cholo, or Desastre Total Ultraviolento.
In the months following the anniversary Microman and Chamuel began a long running storyline feud, which often saw Chamuel either tear Microman's mask open or steal it during a match.
The Microman/Chamuel feud led to the first one-on-one match in the Micro division on August 30, 2019 as part of CMLL's International Gran Prix.
The match ended in a disqualification as Chamuel was disqualified for throwing his mask to Microman in an attempt to fool the referee.
In addition to his engagement as a concert singer at home and abroad, he was a lecturer at the music academies in Freiburg and Karlsruhe for many years.
Chajes was born in Danzig, West Prussia, German Empire (Gdańsk, Poland) to Wolf Chajes (1845–1901) and Emma née Braff (1846–1932), he passed his Abitur in Danzig and studied medicine at the University of Berlin and the University of Freiburg.
He received his doctorate in 1903 in Freiburg and started to practice as an assistant doctor in 1903 at the Charité in Berlin.
He returned to Berlin in 1908 to work at Hans Goldschmidt's clinic and started his private practice specialising in dermatology, sexual diseases and urology in 1911 in Berlin Schöneberg.
From 1906 to 1921 he worked as public assistant doctor in Schöneberg, from 1915 to 1933 he was the physician of the Deutsches Theater (Berlin).
In World War I he served as a military physician from 1915 to 1918 and was awarded the Iron Cross second class.
During the German Revolution he was a member of the workers' and soldiers council in Frankfurt (Oder), he is described either as chairman of the central department of the soldiers' councils in the Province of Brandenburg or in the Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt (Oder).
He followed Alfred Grotjahn at the University of Berlin and headed the Institute for social hygiene at the University of Berlin from 1931 on.
Being Jewish, Chajes lost his positions according to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933.
Chajes was engaged in constituting Healthcare in Israel, he co-founded the Assuta Medical Center and the Shiloah Insurance company, today part of the Harel Group.
The members of this subfamily differ from the other groups within the gourami family by having a reduced number of rays supporting the branchiostegal membrane, five rather than six, and in the possession of a median process of the basioccipital which reaches the first vertebra and which has an attachment to the Baudelot’s ligament.
The Susie Foster Log House, at 810 College St. in Smithville, Tennessee, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Built between 1946-50 the majority of the materials were taken from log buildings that were to be inundated by the Center Hill Dam project.
Materials were also taken from the Absalom Reams House formerly located on Short Mountain, and from the Webb Hotel, a fifteen room, antebellum hotel in Smithville that was torn down in 1948.
Harry Van Der Saag (born 29 October 1999) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Sydney FC.
Van Der Saag first played with Sydney FC in a pre-season friendly match against Paris Saint-Germain, in which he marked French superstar Kylian Mbappé.
He made his first professional appearance for Sydney FC on 14 December 2019, coming on as a substitute in the 85th minute, replacing Alexander Baumjohann.
In November 2019, Van Der Saag was called-up for the Australia U-23 squad playing a series of 3 friendlies in Chongqing, China.
Deewangi () is a 2019 Pakistani romantic television series, produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under their production banner 7th Sky Entertainment.
Cottonwood is the debut extended play by American rapper NLE Choppa, released on December 20, 2019 by No Love Entertainment and UnitedMasters.
Two music videos for both the original song and its remix, were subsequently released, with the latter being directed by Cole Bennett.
Feldkirchen (b München) station () is a railway station in the municipality of Feldkirchen, located in the Munich district in Bavaria, Germany.
NGC 585 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Cetus , which is about 245 million light-years from the Milky Way 's center.
It is estimated to be 451 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 120,000 light years.
It is surrounded by the Serbian municipality of Priboj, in Zlatibor District, making it an exclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and an enclave within Serbia, 1130 m from the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
However, the land of Međurečje is registered in the municipality of Rudo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), where the populace of Međurečje pays its land tax.
Historic facts about the formation of the enclave within the territory of Serbia are not known, but it is believed to be tied to the period after the 1878 Congress of Berlin, when the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were sharing the border and Austria-Hungary was allowed to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Luciocephalus aura, sometimes called the green-spotted pikehead or peppermint pikehead, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the subfamily Luciocephalinae of the gourami family Osphronemidae.
It is endemic to Sumatra where it has been recorded from the middle Batang Hari River and from the middle Musi River drainage.
Guillemont Barracks, located just off of junction 4a of the M3, on the Minley Road (A327), was a military installation at Minley in Hampshire.
Covering 13.7ha, they were named after the German-held village of Guillemont, which was retaken by British Empire Forces, in September 1916, during the Battle of the Somme.
The West Nova Scotia Regiment arrived at the barracks on 1 January 1940, and the Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, part of the Canadian 5th Brigade, were stationed at the barracks in late 1940.
In December 2013, a planning application to demolish the part built structures and to build 150 homes on the site was refused.
Born in Berlin, Gläser was already a soloist of the Hof- und Domchor before he began his real singing studies in Berlin.
In 2018, Byrne was elected as a councillor to Liverpool City Council, representing the Everton ward alongside Labour's Cllr Jane Corbett and Cllr Frank Prendergast MBE.
On 3 November 2019, Byrne was selected as the Labour candidate for Liverpool West Derby, after the previous Labour MP Stephen Twigg announced he would be standing down at the 2019 General Election.
UFC 249: Khabib vs. Ferguson is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on April 18, 2020 at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, United States.
A UFC Lightweight Championship bout between the current champion Khabib Nurmagomedov and welterweight winner and former interim lightweight champion Tony Ferguson has been slated to headline this event.
The pairing has previously been scheduled and cancelled for various reasons on four separate occasions (, , UFC 209 and UFC 223) over the last four years.
While not officially announced by the organization, a featherweight bout between Calvin Kattar and Jeremy Stephens was expected to take place UFC 248.
Of these, 97.0% spoke Russian, 1.1% Belarusian, 0.7% Latvian, 0.6% Yiddish, 0.3% Polish, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
Joseph M. Reilly (July 21, 1927 – September 23, 2012) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1982.
Ventricular natriuretic peptide or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume.
The 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP is secreted attached to a 76–amino acid N-terminal fragment in the prohormone called NT-proBNP (BNPT), which is biologically inactive.
Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity.
The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better targets than ANP for diagnostic blood testing.
The physiologic actions of BNP are similar to those of ANP and include decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure as well as an increase in natriuresis.
The net effect of these peptides is a decrease in blood pressure due to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance and, thus, afterload.
Additionally, the actions of both BNP and ANP result in a decrease in cardiac output due to an overall decrease in central venous pressure and preload as a result of the reduction in blood volume that follows natriuresis and diuresis.
Removal of the 25-residue N-terminal signal peptide generates the prohormone, proBNP, which is stored intracellularly as an O-linked glycoprotein; proBNP is subsequently cleaved between arginine-102 and serine-103 by a specific convertase (probably furin or corin) into NT-proBNP and the biologically active 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP-32, which are secreted into the blood in equimolar amounts.
Since the actions of BNP are mediated via the ANP receptors, the physiologic effects of BNP are identical to those of ANP.
A cutoff of 100 pg/ml has a sensitivity of approximately 100%, a negative predictive value of approximately 100%, a specificity of 90%, and a positive predictive value of 78% according to data from the United Kingdom.
NT-proBNP is the inactive molecule resulting from cleavage of the prohormone Pro-BNP and is reliant solely on the kidney for excretion.
There is a diagnostic 'gray area', often defined as between 100 and 500 pg/mL, for which the test is considered inconclusive, but, in general, levels above 500 pg/ml are considered to be an indicator of heart failure.
This so-called gray zone has been addressed in several studies, and using clinical history or other available simple tools can help make the diagnosis.
A recent meta-analysis concerning effects of BNP testing on clinical outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnea revealed that BNP testing led to a decrease in admission rates and decrease in mean length of stay, although neither was statistically significant.
When interpreting an elevated BNP level, it is useful to remember that values may be elevated due to factors other than heart failure.
Blockade of neprilysin, a protease known to degrade members of the natriuretic peptide family, has also been suggested as a possible treatment for heart failure.
Dual administration of neprilysin inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers has been shown to be advantageous to ACE inhibitors, the current first-line therapy, in multiple settings.
In 2017, having progressed through all of the club's youth sides, he was introduced into Köln's U21 team competing in the fourth-tier Regionalliga West.
This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by English constituencies for the Fifty-Eighth Parliament of the United Kingdom (2019–present).
It includes both MPs elected at the 2019 general election, held on 12 December 2019, and those subsequently elected in by-elections.
They have stems with pseudomonopodial branching in which unequal binary branching produces the appearance of a main stem with secondary side branches.
Sporangia are borne at the bases or in the axils of special spore-bearing leaves (sporophylls), which are notably different from the normal leaves, and are grouped into compact terminal structures (strobili).
Several different ways of representing this situation taxonomically have been used, and are still in use , including three subfamilies with multiple genera, and three genera with multiple subgeneric divisions.
Saskia A. Hogenhout FRES (born 1969), is an Dutch professor of entomology and ecology specialising in molecular plant, microbe and insect interactions.
Hogenhout was educated at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam with an MSc in Biology in 1994, her PhD looked at the molecular basis of luteovirus-aphid interactions and was awarded at Wageningen University in 1999.
She moved to Ohio State University to be assistant and then associate professor and since 2007 has been Group Leader in plant health at the John Innes Centre in Norwich.
In 2013, she was appointed honorary professor at the University of East Anglia, and in 2018, she was made professor by special appointment at the University of Amsterdam.
Her group discovered the key virulence protein SAP54 which phytoplasma bacteria use to manipulate the flowering of plants, the bacteria is carried between plants by plant feeding insects such as leafhoppers.
Hogenhout found that the aphid can adapt the virulence proteins it produces in response to the plant species it is feeding on; and as it can reproduce asexually, producing a clone of genetically identical offspring, local populations of aphids can adapt quickly to their environment.
Hogenhout's research has also looked at the responses of plants to insect feeding, she showed that plants take in calcium to damaged plant cells in the site where aphid feeding stylets penetrate, the cells would then mobilise further calcium in response to this alarm.
The research will find out more information about the disease such as symptoms and epidemiology, and look into how the disease may be transmitted by insects such as leafhoppers and the transport of commercial plants by humans.
Corellon is the creator and preserver of the elven race, and governs those things held in the highest esteem among elves.
Corellon's symbol was originally a crescent moon; in the 4th edition Corellon's symbol is a silver star on a blue field.
In many campaign settings, the elven pantheon of gods (also known as the Seldarine) consists of the leader Corellon Larethian, as well as Aerdrie Faenya, Deep Sashelas, Erevan Ilesere, Fenmarel Mestarine, Hanali Celanil, Labelas Enoreth, Rillifane Rallathil, Sehanine Moonbow, and Solonor Thelandira.
Some myths claim that Corellon gave birth to the rest of the elven pantheon while in a female aspect, while others claim that Corellon fathered them with Sehanine Moonbow.
Because of the god's keen friendship with the Seelie Court, Corellon is often at odds with the Queen of Air and Darkness.
Corellon is on good terms with Ioun (Corellon is patron of arcane magic and she of its study), and is therefore a potential foe of Vecna.
Corellon desires to protect and preserve the elven race, return to the elven people their lost artistic heritage, and to thwart the schemes of the drow and the orcs.
The Fellowship of the Forgotten Flower is a loosely structured organization made of elven knights dedicated to the recovery of lost elven relics from long-abandoned elven realms.
The Seekers of the Misty Isle are an elite order of elves dedicated to finding the Misty Isle which was whisked away by the deities Gruumsh and Kurtulmak.
Most temples are happy to lend aid to traveling elves and any other race that plans to do harm to the drow.
The art is not destroyed; sometimes it is physically transferred to the Upper Planes for elves to enjoy in the afterlife, while other times it is used to decorate Corellon's temples.
Corellon's rituals are integrated with the major events of elven life, such as births, coming of age rites, weddings, and funerals.
Following the War of the Spider Queen series, Lisa Smedman's The Lady Penitent trilogy continues the story of drow in the Forgotten Realms.
A mixed force of Eilistraee's Protectors, Nightshadows and drow wizards go on a raid on the main temple of Kiaransalee, the drow death goddess.
Qilué and Eilistraee try to save entire drow race from Wendonai's taint, but Qilué is killed by Halisstra Melarn while Eilistraee is possessing her body (supposedly killing the goddess as well), dooming their attempt to failure.
Meanwhile, Q'arlynd Melarn succeeds in re-transforming the descendants of Miyeritar and followers of Eilistraee from drow to dark elves, whereafter Corellon Larethian takes this new elven subrace under his protection.
Eilistraee has directly manifested to her followers through her avatar, and the dark elves whom her father protected during her absence have returned under her protection.
Many of us have been bending our characters’ genders and sexual orientations for years, but it’s terrific to see the game officially embrace this.
The film depicts events around the German reunification of 1990 and focuses on a group of East-Germans who cross the border to visit West-Germany and get slaughtered by a psychopathic West German cannibal family with chainsaws who want to turn them into sausages.
He was selected to contest the Conservative safe seat of Runnymede and Weybridge in the 2019 general election after the sitting MP Phillip Hammond had the whip withdrawn in September 2019 along with 21 other Conservative MPs and announced that he would not seek reelection.
The 2019–20 Supercopa de España Femenina will be the first edition ever of the Supercopa de España Femenina, an annual women's football competition for clubs in the Spanish football league system that were successful in its major competitions in the preceding season.
In December 2019, it was announced that the competition would be created with a four-team format, which would include a semi-final round, similar to the new format established for the men's tournament.
The tournament will feature both finalists from the 2018–19 Copa de la Reina and the remaining highest ranked teams from the 2018–19 Primera División that had not already qualified through the cup final.
The company provides entertainment stories, comedy skits and music videos on its website, for which it has drawn comparisons to US-based WorldStarHipHop and UK-based SB.TV.
With over 300 videos uploaded, 50,000 subscribers and 20 million views, 6ixBuzz is the largest rap-based promotional YouTube channel in Canada.
6ixBuzz began as a meme and news page on Instagram in 2010 as a means of showcasing Toronto's rap and hip-hop underground, and gained over one million followers.
In 2018, Toronto mayor John Tory joined 6ixBuzz staff and filmmaker Director X to meet with members of the hip-hop community to discuss gun violence solutions and raise awareness on the issue, and politician Doug Ford has been noted for his interactions with the company.
In contrast to the previous parodies, the new social life was strictly ritualized with many participants, the style more solemn and the music more ambitious.
Bellman continued to work with the work, adding, among other things, long descriptions of nature in alexandrines in the style of James Thomson.
However, the work was not printed until the end of 1783, and new advertisements pointed to its suitability as a Christmas present.
The brothers were friends of Bellman's; Elias had studied painting, especially Hogarth's, in London and had come back to Stockholm in 1780.
The play takes place around a temple dedicated to Bacchus, the god of wine, on an island of mixed flora and fauna: there are pine trees and crows as well as parrots and almond trees.
Around the temple, a celebration is being commemorated by the dead Movitz, initially by a group of [backers] under the leadership of the highly pregnant Ulla Winblad.
The work begins with a stormy night, but at dawn the storm passes and everything turns into rural idyll, and the readers are informed that it is Movitz who is the father of Ulla's children, and she describes how it came to be in this particular place.
When they arrive, together with barrels of drink, songs and celebrations are held in honour first of the dead, then of Trundman and the brothers, Ulla and the priests, the order's chancellor Planberg, and finally the head of the order, Janke Jensen.
The rituals are interrupted from time to time by various intermezzos, but eventually fade out completely as Ulla gives birth to a new Movitz, and everything turns into a happy party.
The extended version seems to have become difficult to play; where the original version could be performed in one hour, the final required at least two.
The entire extension is due to longer monologues and additional pieces of music, making it rather static as a piece of theatre.
The added landscape depictions are partly based on the nature being painted as a picture, which, however, must at the same time be animated and linked together with the speaker's emotions.
Thus, when the initial storm is portrayed by the Bacchus priestess, it is not only a storm, but also her own anxiety and terror as described, in pre-romantic style.
When the storm has subsided, the priestesses' attitude to the surroundings also changes, and the now pastoral landscape instead evokes happy memories of past happiness, when Movitz with roses in his hair used to honour the wine god with song.
In the closing passage, spoken by Janke Jensen, it is no longer a question of depicting nature: now a mythological tableau is painted, with Movitz on Mount Olympus together with ancient gods and heroes such as Mars, Pompey, and Hannibal.
Suddenly he turns back to mortality, and goes on to portray Movitz's earthly existence as a drunkard, until he is interrupted by Ulla giving birth to his and Movitz's children, who resemble him right down to his red nose.
The competition was created in December 2019 by the Royal Spanish Football Federation with the same format as the established for the 2019–20 men's tournament.
Of these, 98.3% spoke Russian, 0.6% Polish, 0.5% Yiddish, 0.1% Latvian, 0.1% German, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
The record was released as a single through Acromax Media GmbH and was composed for the duo's participation at Kënga Magjike 2018.
Fifi and MC Kresha performed the song for the first time at the 20th edition of Kënga Magjike on 25 November 2018.
Nawaf Mashari Boushal (born 1 January 2000) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Saudi Professional League side Al-Fateh.
In May 2019, when he was a Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences student, J1 League club Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo announced that signed a contract with Tanaka from the 2020 season.
In December 2019, when Tanaka was a Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences student, he was selected Japan national team for 2019 EAFF E-1 Football Championship.
The Arvo Pärt Centre () is a foundation responsible for maintaining the personal archive of classical composer Arvo Pärt and operating as an information centre on the composer and his works.
In October 2018 the new building of the centre, designed by Spanish architects Fuensanta Nieto and Enrique Sobejano from the architecture and design firm Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos, was opened to the public.
The idea to create a separate institution for the personal archive of Arvo Pärt arose from the need to ensure the composer permanent access to his collections and at the same time to prepare these collections for long-term preservation and for public research.
The centre was established by Arvo Pärt and his family in 2010 when the composer had returned to Estonia after living in Germany since 1981.
The Arvo Pärt Centre was founded in the village of Laulasmaa because at his return to Estonia Arvo Pärt had chosen this coastal location as his permanent place of residence.
In 2009 a residential building was bought to house the archive and to serve as a future location of the centre.
For the first eight years the main tasks of the centre were organising the archive, creating metadata and a digital information retrieval system.
Due to the preparatory stages of work and general lack of space the centre was in most part closed to the public until late 2018.
To create facilities for research and educational programmes and to develop the centre into a meeting place for music lovers with a proper concert hall, an international two-stage architectural competition was announced in 2013.
A Spanish architecture and design firm Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos (led by Fuensanta Nieto and Enrique Sobejano) was declared the winner of the competition on 20 June 2014 by the President of Estonia Toomas Hendrik Ilves.
The cornerstone was laid on 19 June 2017 at a festive ceremony attended among others by Arvo Pärt, Prime Minister Jüri Ratas and Minister of Culture Indrek Saar.
The guests were greeted by Arvo Pärt, Chairman of the Board Michael Pärt, Managing Director Anu Kivilo, and architects Fuensanta Nieto and Enrique Sobejano.
The main guests speaking at the event were President of Estonia Kersti Kaljulaid, Vice-President of the European Commission Andrus Ansip and Minister of Culture Indrek Saar.
The first public concert in the centre took place the following day, 14 October 2018, with American violinist Anne Akiko Meyers accompanied on a piano by Akira Eguchi.
The majority of the archival materials are original documents from the composer’s family – handwritten documents related to his creative work date back to 1970s.
Many earlier documents from 1950s to 1970s are currently located at other memory institutions of Estonia or in private hands but the Arvo Pärt Centre has either paper or digital copies of most of them.
Researchers can view lists of the archive content on the centre's web site but even digital materials are accessible only on location.
The majority of books in the collection are on Orthodox theology and spirituality, which has been an important source of inspiration for Arvo Pärt.
The library also collects and stores CDs with Arvo Pärt's music, printed scores of his works, and books about his life and music.
Based on the personal collections in the centre and on close collaboration with the composer and his family the centre also operates as an international information centre on Arvo Pärt, making available the most authoritative and up-to-date information on his life and works.
The new building of the Arvo Pärt Centre houses also a concert hall with 150 seats, ideal for chamber music concerts.
The focus of the concert programme is on introducing musicians from Estonia and abroad who have had a close collaboration with Arvo Pärt over the years.
In the first two seasons there have been concerts by violinist Anne Akiko Meyers, countertenor David James from the Hilliard Ensemble, the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir, the Tallinn Chamber Orchestra, early music ensemble Hortus Musicus, vocal ensemble Vox Clamantis, and many others.
Every August since 2011 the Arvo Pärt Centre has organised film evenings with a selection of films featuring Arvo Pärt's music.
The building makes use of various geometrical (mostly pentagonal) structures and shapes, and largely due to the sinuous curved walls forms a continuity without a clear beginning or end.
The centre has two unusual architectural elements – a minimal chapel in one of the patios, and a slender sightseeing tower next to the building.
Wild is married to Baroness Evans of Bowes Park, who currently serves as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal.
On the night of the 2017 General Election, Wild and his brother were involved in a scuffle with a reporter following Wild's failure to unseat Liberal Democrat MP Norman Lamb in the North Norfolk Constituency.
She has produced over 25 movies and over 65 life-action shorts, some of which won Writers Guild and Director Guild Awards, Emmys, CableACE Awards and the Humanitas Prize.
She graduated from USC Gould School of Law, but spent only six month in the practice of law, becoming a Hollywood agent.
As an agent she specialized in representing first-time writers and directors, but then she moved into the ranks of independent producers.
Memel produced over 25 movies and over 65 life-action shorts, some of which won Writers Guild and Director Guild Awards, Emmys, CableACE Awards and the Humanitas Prize.
is a particularly developed cove over a length of eleven kilometers on the Saguenay River in the region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean in Quebec, Canada.
According to the Second Saguenay theory, this vast depression is the extension of the fault and collapse ditch of the Kenogami Lake which is located upstream less than twenty kilometers.
Long before the landing in 1838 of the Charlevoix settlers, founders of the Saint-Alexis-sur-l'Islet parish, this haven sheltered at the end of the bay constitutes a place of meeting and exchanges for the Amerindian populations.
The two villages that have become modest urban centers in the 20th century merge before finding themselves in the center of the district of La Baie within the big city of Saguenay.
It is through this bay that the bauxite of the aluminum smelters of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean transits to the port facilities of to be discharged subsequently carried by train to the various factories of Rio Tinto Alcan.
Since September 2009, the tourist potential of the bay has been exploited with the inauguration of a port of call for cruise ships.
the current follows the course of the Saguenay River on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Estuary of Saint Lawrence.
On the surface, a layer of slightly salty water which comes from the rivers which flow into the fjord, and in depth, the salty and cold water which, here in this upstream basin, is slowly renewed at a rate close to the annual after entering the Saguenay by tidal effect from the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
The presence of these two layers separated by a halocline thickness promotes a rich biodiversity and makes it a very favorable environment for life.
He has been Political Commissar of the South Sea Fleet since December 2019, and formerly served as Political Commissar of Equipment Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Yang was born into a family of farming background in the town of Xieqiying, in Wuzhi County, Henan in November 1962.
He was Deputy Director of Political Department of the South Sea Fleet in 2015, and held that office until January 2018.
He became Political Commissar of the People's Liberation Army Naval Research Institute in January 2018, but having held the position for only six months, and then he was appointed Political Commissar of Equipment Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Among her awards are Hero of Socialist Labor (1991), People's Artist of the USSR (1967), and the USSR State Prize (1970).
In 1946, while studying in seventh grade evening school, she went to work at a meat processing plant, where she could sing in an Amateur circle.
At Serebryakova's insistence, Bibigul entered the vocal and choral faculty of the Kazan Conservatory in Alma-ata, where she studied under N. N. Samyshina and from which she graduated in 1954.
In 1956, she became a soloist of the troupe of the Kazakh state academic orchestra of folk instruments of the Kazakh Philharmonics named after Kurmangazy.
She served as Artistic Director and Chairman of the jury of the International competition of vocalists of Bibigul Tulegenova (2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014).
In addition, she is the last person in the history of the USSR to be awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
Shaun Stephen Bailey is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich West at the 2019 general election.
Raised in Shropshire, in a single-parent family, he read Law and French at Aberystwyth University and studied for a Masters in Legal Practice at the University of the West of England in Bristol.
The Weber Manuscript, also called Weber Manuscripts, is a collection of nine, possibly eleven, incomplete ancient Indian treatises written mostly in classical Sanskrit that were found buried within a Buddhist monument in northwestern China in late 19th-century.
It is named after the Moravian missionary F. Weber who acquired the set from an Afghani merchant in Ladakh, and then forwarded it to the German Indologist and philologist Rudolf Hoernlé in Calcutta.
The original texts that were copied to produce these manuscripts were likely considerably older Indian texts, at least one between 3rd-century BCE and pre-2nd-century CE.
The Weber Manuscript is notable for having been written on two types of paper – Central Asian and Nepalese, attesting to the spread of paper technology outside of interior China and its use for Indian religious texts by the 5th– or 6th-century.
The scribes were likely Buddhist because the Weber Manuscript was discovered in the ruins of a Buddhist monastery, the treatises include verses that praise the Buddha though the predominant language isn't Pali, is either mostly accurate classical Sanskrit or occasionally a crude mix of Pali and Sanskrit.
At that time, based on what he was told, he reported that the manuscript was discovered 60 miles south of Yarkand.
However, interviews and surveys conducted between 1893 and 1900, persuaded Hoernle that the Weber Manuscript came from Kucha, the same location as the Bower Manuscript.
These manuscript bundles were likely opened by the treasure hunters, carelessly examined, got jumbled as they put them back into separate parts to sell.
The Russian portion came to be called the Petrovski Manuscript and became a part of the Sanskrit manuscripts collection in Saint Petersburg.
The Petrovski Manuscript – also referred to as Petrovsky Manuscript, St Petersburg Asiatic Museum catalog number SI P/33 – was studied by the Indologist Sergey Oldenburg in the 1890s and thereafter.
His marriage to Frances Dawbarn eldest daughter of Thos Dawbarn, Esq of Alfred House, Wisbech took place at Hunstanton church on 4 September, 1860.
Many images are of buildings long since disappeared, such as the stone Town bridge, Butter Cross, Old Workhouse and Octagon Church.
The General Cemetery Chapel built in 1848 would have followed as the roof had been removed by Fenland District Council, and it was in danger of demolition, however Wisbech Society carried out a restoration project and it can now be compared with Smith's image of 1856.
190 negatives and over 100 prints are in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum and 125 other negatives and about 70 prints at the Kodak museum.
The title is possibly derived from Christ's parable of the hidden treasure from , which is followed by the parable of the pearl in ; incidentally, pearls are a major metaphor used in Mani's teaching.
This appeased the spirit of the frontier, who saw that Mar Ammo was different from the similarly religious men of her land (probably Buddhists) and then allowed the disciple to resume his missionary work in the region.
History has it that, Ketu people migrated from ILE-IFE under the leadership of the first son of Odua/Oduduwa(Alaketu) to found the Ketu Kingdom.
Ilara had maintained the affinity with Ketu until Ketu lost Ilara to the British protectorate as a result in boundary demarcation.
Alaketu of Ketu from time immemorial is the prescribed Authority over the Oloola of Ilara chieftaincy matters in towns and the villages of the Ketu speaking people.
The town has tow Ruling houses before, but later the elders in the town met and agreed that the ruling houses should increase to four.
The migrants stayed for a number of generations and broke camp in the reign of the seventh king, Ede, who revived the westward migrations and founded a dynasty at Ketu.
These people under the leadership of Baba Obosu, Aduitan, Ogbe and Dosunmu to mention but a few let Ketu in search of wild-life viz, Antelopes, Elephants and the likes.
The Elephant was buried in the forest and they called the name of the place Ogudo and the forest was called Igbo-Ogudo (Ibiti Ogun ni ki ndo abi Tedo) ----- meaning: the place where Ogun(god of iron)said I should settle.
Meanwhile, the Ketus had earlier been conquered by Dahomey in 1886 but was restored when they reached to French Armies who restored Ketu in 1893 under protectorate though the war ended on 21 February – 4 October 1890.
The French colonist asked if there were other communities which made them to reached out Ilara during the reign of Regent Alaba Ida the then Alaketu in 1893-1894.
To signify their interest or displeasure, the flag of French and British was hosted and that the people should choose the flag of the country they wish to follow.
The then Baale Aseje stood up to choose a British flag because they had previously consulted the Oracle Ifá who instructed them to go with the British flag.
The Alaketu delegates were furious about the decision of the Ilara people and decided that, since Ilarahad has chosen to follow British as against the wish of Alaketu the prescribing authority over Ilara, the British flag will be hosted at her backyard.
Quarters in Ilara that falls in the Benin Republic: Isaro quarters, Idoti quarters, Idosan quarters, Otesu quarters, Fanigbe quarters, Igbaka quarters, Segbeluku quarters, Igbo-Igo quarters, Orisa Gbongbo quarters, Isako quarters, Igbo-Ogudo quarters and host of others.
The Imeko-Afon Local Government was created from the old Egbado North Local Government in December 1996, during the military regime of General Sani Abacha.
ILARA Ogudo Yewa, the main Border town in Imeko-Afon LG area Ogun State, a town with two Countries, a gateway town to Imeko-Afon local Government, to Ogun State and to Nigeria, Ilara is located about 91 kilometres North-West of Abeokuta, the capital city of Ogun State.
Due to its location of the town, the people of Ilara are mostly traders who engage in international trade between Nigeria/ Benin.
The soil is fertile, Tomatoes, cucumber, Golden melon, Cocoa, Cassava are grown in large quantities, and other crops like pepper, Maize, groundnuts, Yam, Vegetable, and Teak-timber.
In case of Oro festival, the women are forbidden to come out throughout the day of the festive usually three Saturdays in a Year.
The Iwe cultural dance is organized by men and women of the same age group to entertain the community on a chosen day of the year.
Men use black horse tail (IRU ESIN /IRUKERE DUDU) for the dance while the women dig it with locally made hand fans.
We have four public primaries School, namely Methodist Primary School Ilara Ata-Ijoun Road, St John Catholic School Ilara, Muslim Primary School Ilara, Community Primary Ilara Atan-Efun, Ilara.
The town has two community-owned primary schools still awaiting government takeover; they are Oloola community Primary School Ilara, and Ilara-Ogudo Community Primary School Isokia, Ilara.
There are two private Government Approved Primary and Secondary School in Ilara they are: Iranlowo Oluwa Nursery & Primary School, Living Grace Nursery & Primary School, Fatokun Memorial College Ilara and Living Grace secondary School, Ilara.
There are two Primary Schools in Benin side of the town Ecole Primaire Scolaire du Benin Kanga, Ilara and Igbo-Ogudo, Ilara.
Followed by Catholic Mission of St. John Catholic Church which equally established School known as St.John Catholic School in about 1957 and Christ Apostolic Church in 1971 then another Church follows.
The traditional cultural activities predominantly among Ilara people are typical of the Ketu speaking people, In term of traditional religion virtually all the major deities of the Yoruba i.e Ogun, Sango, Osun, Ifa, and others are being worship in the community.
The Ogun-Oko is symbolized by a heavy Stone place upon the three wooden pillars at the major junction in Ilara, (Kanga Ilara Benin side), from this point the Iwe-Odun cultural dance kick-off to the other part of the Town.
The 5th Modena Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 22 September 1957 at Autodromo di Modena, Modena, Italy.
The race was run over two 40 lap heats of the circuit, taking the aggregate of the results, and was won by French driver Jean Behra in a Maserati 250F.
Ernest Gall (14 April 1863 – 19 April 1925) was a prolific commercial photographer in Adelaide, South Australia, who was praised for the artistic quality of his work.
Gall, a son of printer David Gall, first came to public notice in 1889 with a series on the newly-developed irrigation colony at Renmark.
He was previously employed as assistant to McLean Brothers, Rigg and Co., ironmongers in Hindley Street, but finding the work tiresome, decided to turn his hobby of photography into a full-time occupation.
By 1893 he was working for Walter Scott-Barry, (c. 1849 – 5 October 1911) ex-Government photographer who had studios at 146 Rundle Street from 1890 to 1896, moved to Mount Gambier, then Warrnambool, Victoria.
In 1894 he made a glass-plate copy of Henry Jones's 1872 mosaic collection of Old Colonists, in which 24 portraits are somewhat different from Jones's original held by the State Library.
By 1895 he had his own studio in Grenfell Street, later at Alma Chambers in Pirie Street, and was official photographer for many high-profile events, including balls at Government House and at Federation conventions.
Though courteous and urbane, he was of a shy and retiring nature, played no part in public affairs, and never married.
The State Library of South Australia holds a large collection of his historic photographs, mostly of buildings, taken 1889–1910, particularly the earlier date.
Russell studied a BSc(Hons) in Physics and Business Studies and an MPhil in Physics and Material Science at university, before embarking on a career in marketing - initially with Bluewave.
Russell stood for Parliament in Luton North in 2015 and Luton South in 2017, coming second to the incumbent Labour candidate on both occasions.
He was elected to represent Watford in 2019, when he won the seat with 26,421 votes, a majority of 4,433 over the Labour candidate Chris Ostrowski who received 21,988 votes.
He continued his career in the amateur football clubs until July 2017, when signed a contract with FC Volyn Lutsk, that played in the Ukrainian First League.
He made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League for FC Lviv as a substituted on 14 December 2019, playing in a winning match against FC Kolos Kovalivka.
Ignaz Schnitzer (also Ignatz or Ignác Schnitzer; 4 December 1839 – 18 June 1921) was an Austrian writer, journalist, translator, librettist and newspaper founder of Hungarian origin.
As co-owner of the amusement park Venice in Vienna founded by Gabor Steiner, he organized the financing and operated the construction of new sights, such as the Vienna Giant Ferris Wheel.
It was executed by the history painter Philipp Fleischer, and exhibited at the Ausstellungsstraße 143 in a circular building specially designed for this purpose by Oskar Marmorek.
Schnitzer was married to the daughter of a doctor, Gabriele, née Laszky (10 April 1846 in Gyöngyös - 28 September 1913 in Vienna).
The song was entirely written by both artists themselves alongside Kosovo-Albanian producer Bigbang who additionally handled the production for the song.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of B minor in common time with a tempo of 157 beats per minute.
The official music video was shot in the Amadeus Palace in the city of Tirana by Max Production, which has previously worked with singer on various singles.
Riha is flanked by Thoyee in the North, Nongdam in the South, Yaingangpokpi in the west and Shingkap in the east.
The average sex ratio of the village is 897 female to 1000 male which is lower than Manipur state average of 985.
Most of the arable land in the village got submerged after commissioning of the Mapithel dam since Riha is one of the closest upstream villages.
The Carnet Mondain (French for Social Notebook) of Belgium, is a directory featuring high society (nobility and upper bourgeoisie), Belgian or foreign, established in Belgium, as well as members of great Belgian families established abroad.
This work, which was an initiative of Prince Charles-Louis of Merode, has the advantage of clearly showing the ties of descent between people (up to two degrees).
To win seats, parties must pass a national electoral threshold of 9% -up from 7 % in the previous elections, and receive at least 0.7% of the vote in each of the seven region.
Party lists are required to have at least 30% of the candidates from each gender, and every fourth candidate had to be of a different gender.
Each list is also required to have at least 15% of the candidates being from ethnic minorities and 15% of under 35 years old, as well as at least two candidates with disabilities.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity, but this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
The 2019-20 Robert Morris Colonials men's ice hockey season is the 16th season of play for the program and the 10th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
Emanuel W. Bonavia (also spelt Emmanuel) (15 July 1829, Valletta – 14 November 1908) was a Maltese surgeon in the Indian Medical Service who wrote on many aspects of natural history, and pioneered horticultural research in Lucknow.
He was commissioned Assistant Surgeon in the Indian Medical Service on 4 August 1857, promoted Surgeon Major in 1876 and Brigade Surgeon in 1885, retiring in 1888.
He then began to study the cultivation of citrus, date palms (an interest in date palms also led to studies on floral depiction in Assyrian monuments, suggesting that the Assyrian sacred tree was based on multiple trees of value including a date palm as the trunk) and other plants of economic importance.
He was also interested in other aspects of natural history and wrote a book on evolution which examined such aspects as the evolution of spots in wild cats and other animal skin patterning.
Bonavia also maintained careful records of weather and examined long-term variation in the patterns of rains, supporting the theory that linked them to sun-spots.
He also served as a Civil Surgeon at Etawah and worked on public sanitation, making attempts to stop open defecation in Lucknow.
Bonavia died at Worthing, Sussex where he lived on Richmond road after retirement, continuing to take an interest in gardening and hybridization of ornamental plants.
It was released in 2007 by OSM Records, an independent US label, and it is set to be a pioneer album for the new wave of thrash metal movement.
Although initially the group is said to have stemmed out from a gang participating in criminal activity with the rivalry between Toronto gang Sick Thugz which ended with the passing of Sick Thugz member Ruck.
In it, the two rappers and their friends rap, dance, and laugh in shadowy parking lots, fluorescent-lit apartment corridors, and an empty studio.
Mayor John Tory blamed the shooting on gun violence and as a result met with the 6ixBuzz team and Director X to meet with members of the hip-hop community to talk gun violence solutions and raise awareness on the issue.
The 2016 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 52nd staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929.
On 6 November 2016, Carrickshock won the championship after a 0-13 to 0-06 defeat of Tullogher-Rosbercon in the final at Nowlan Park.
The Gronsdorf stop, located on the city border between Munich and the municipality of Haar, was subsequently established on 1 May 1897.
Prior to entering parliament he was the chairman of the Agona Local Council and later chairman of the National Association of Local Government Councils.
He worked with the Cocoa Marketing Board until 1962 when he became chairman of the Agona Local Council and vice chairman of the National Association of the Local Government Council.
He was also an executive member of the African Union of Local Authorities and an executive member of the International Union of Local Authorities.
It is distinguished from its congeners by the faint, almost indiscernible patterning on the body apart from the black blotch at the base of the tail.
The specific name honours the ichthyologist Canna Maria Louise Popta (1860–1929) who was Curator of Reptiles, Amphibians and Fishes at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden who was one of the earliest workers on Borneo's freshwater fishes and described manty of the specimens collected on the trans-Borneo expeditions which took place between 1893 and 1900.
Zhao Guochun (; born 7 August 1961) is a Chinese geologist and professor at the University of Hong Kong and Northwest University (China).
He taught at the University of Hong Kong since 2002, what he was promoted to associate professor in July 2007 and to full professor in July 2013.
The High Life de Belgique (French for High Life of Belgium) is a Belgian publishing house that was founded in 1880.
It publishes annually a directory containing the contact details of more than twelve thousand families of the high society (nobility and upper bourgeoisie), Belgian or foreign, established in Belgium.
This directory coexists with the Carnet Mondain; they are the Belgian equivalents of the American Social Register or the French Bottin Mondain and French High Life.
She was the leading juvenile filly in Japan in 2019 when she was unbeaten in three starts including the Fantasy Stakes and the Hanshin Juvenile Fillies.
During her racing career she was trained by Takeshi Matsushita and raced in the green, white and red colours of the Northern Farm affiliate U Carrot Farm.
She was from the ninth crop of foals sired by Daiwa Major, an outstanding miler whose wins included the Tenno Sho, Mile Championship and Yasuda Kinen.
As a breeding stallion he has also sired Major Emblem, Curren Black Hill (NHK Mile Cup), Reine Minoru (Oka Sho) and Admire Mars.
Resistencia's dam Malacostumbrada was a successful racehorse in her native Argentina, winning the Group 1 Gran Premio Gilberto Lerena in 2014.
She came from a female-line family which had produced numerous major winners in South America as well as Hawk Wing, La Lorgnette, Bayakoa and Kitasan Black.
Resistencia made her track debut in a contest for previously unraced juveniles over 1400 metres at Kyoto Racecourse on 14 October and won from Key Dia and sixteen others.
On 2 November, over the same course and distance, the filly was stepped up in class for the Grade 3 Fantasy Stakes and started at odds of 12.6/1 in a fifteen-runner field.
After racing in second place for most of the way she took the lead early in the straight and kept on well to win by a length from the favourite Dream Castle with Clear Sound a neck away in third place.
On 8 December at Hanshin Racecourse Resistencia was moved up to the highest level for the Hanshin Juvenile Fillies over 1600 metres and was made the 10.2/1 fourth choice in the betting behind Ria Amelia (Artemis Stakes), Woman's Heart (Niigata Nisai Stakes) and Cravache d'Or (runner-up in the Saudi Arabia Royal Cup).
Of the other twelve runners only Christie, Maltese Diosa, Yamakatsu Mermaid and Lotus Land started at odds of less than 160/1.
Resistencia took the lead from the start and was never challenged, drawing away from her opponents in the straight to win by five lengths and a nose from Maltese Diosa and Cravache d'Or.
In the official Japanese rankings Resistencia was rated the best two-year-old filly of 2019, six pounds ahead of Ria Amelia and Woman's Heart.
Naturism refers to a lifestyle of practising non-sexual social nudity in private and in public, and to the cultural movement which advocates and defends that lifestyle.
Although not a daily feature of public life, social nudity is practised in a variety of other contexts in New Zealand culture.
An attempt to set up a nudist club in Dunedin in 1933 was unsuccessful, attracting hostility from clergy, women's groups, and the police.
At the 1957 rally, held at the Canterbury Sun and Health Club's grounds in Rolleston near Christchurch, the affiliated clubs agreed to form the New Zealand Sunbathing Association, which was formally established on 1 January 1958.
In 2016 the Federation in conjunction with Tourism New Zealand hosted the World Congress of the International Naturist Federation at the Wellington Naturist Club, marking the second time the Congress had ever been held in the Southern Hemisphere.
This Congress was marked by political unrest, as sitting INF president Sieglinde Ivo was voted out in favour of French delegate Armand Jamier by a narrow majority.
The photos were retouched, to avoid legal repercussions, until after the 1968 Indecent Publications Tribunal finding that nude photos were not unlawful in New Zealand – after which they continued to be retouched in the Australian edition, since nude photographs in print media remained illegal in Australia until the 1970s.
From the 1990s until 2018, full frontal nudity was kept off the covers so that the magazine could be sold by newsagents without a plain wrapper.
Māori people prior to European colonization wore woven cloaks and kilts for protection from the weather and to denote social status.
There was no shame or modesty attached to women's breasts, and therefore no garments devoted to concealing them – the colourful woven bodices () worn by women in performances are a colonial-era invention, which became standard costume only in the 1950s.
The shock value of exposing the female genitals gave it power as a form of protest, a gesture known in Māori as .
A 2008 poll by Research New Zealand reported that 54% of New Zealanders supported the right of naturists to go nude on beaches at least in designated areas, with over half that number finding nudity acceptable on any beach.
Naturists who engage in casual public nudity, even in places where this is lawful, run the risk of having the police called on them by disapproving members of the public.
In February 2016, complaints were laid with the Judicial Conduct Commission over photographs of a District Court judge playing pétanque in the nude at Pineglades Naturist Club.
Though the judge's name was never published, the case drew national attention, with negative commentary from former government minister Rodney Hide and the Sensible Sentencing Trust, and support from TV host and self-declared nudist Paul Henry.
The Judicial Conduct Commissioner does not report on the outcomes of individual complaints made against judges, and no further action was made public with regard to the case.
Internet collections of world holidays mark the day as 14 July; in fact it was held at the organizers' whim, having variously fallen on 19 September and 6 February.
A nude rugby match was held in Dunedin each winter from 2002 to 2014 as pre-match entertainment for the first professional rugby game of the season.
When A J Hackett opened the world's first commercial bungy jumping site at Kawarau Bridge near Queenstown, customers who performed the jump in the nude were granted free entry.
The music festival Nambassa, held from 1976 to 1981 near Waihī in the Hauraki District, at its 1979 peak attracted an audience of 75,000, of whom an estimated 35% chose to attend partially or completely nude.
The event began a tradition of nudity at New Zealand summer festivals which continues today at Convergence, Kiwiburn, Luminate, Rhythm & Vines, Splore, and elsewhere.
Nudity at Rhythm & Vines made international news in 2018 with a viral video capturing an incident in which a male festival-goer groped a topless woman who retaliated by striking him in the face.
Boobs on Bikes was a mostly annual parade of topless men and women riding on motorcycles through large New Zealand cities in the 2000s, most prominently Auckland.
One main aim of the parade was to draw attention to the fact that toplessness is legal in New Zealand, so that women have the same right to go bare-chested as men; this aligns both with the general philosophy of naturism and with feminist causes such as Free the Nipple.
In 1991 an Auckland man was convicted of offensive behaviour in the District Court for sunbathing nude on the beach at Fitzpatrick Bay in the presence of a group of visiting schoolchildren.
In 1995, the same man was convicted of offensive behaviour for going nude in a public street; this time the High Court upheld the conviction, since the street was not a place where public nudity was common or known to occur.
The club was founded in 2019, and became the first club to join the new 2019–20 season of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League.
It was later revealed that the club is under the same management as Aporo Mai FC, which took part in the 2019 National Soccer League, and that FC Kutubu would act as the parent club for Aporo Mai.
Hugo Richard (born August 29, 1994) is a professional Canadian football quarterback for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
He played U Sports football with the Laval Rouge et Or from 2014 to 2018, where he was part of two Vanier Cup winning teams in 2016 and 2018 where he was named the Most Valuable Player for both games.
On January 7, 2019, it was announced that Richard had signed a two-year contract as an undrafted free agent with the Montreal Alouettes.
He began the season on the practice roster but was promoted to the active roster and dressed in his first professional game as the third-string quarterback on August 9, 2019 against the Saskatchewan Roughriders.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Before then, the Holy See was represented in Samoa by a series of delegations whose responsibilities for areas of the Pacific narrowed as the Holy See established diplomatic relations with countries in the region.
Cornelius Gillespie (September 12, 1851 – January 28, 1912) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who served as the president of Gonzaga College in Washington, D.C. and twice as president of Saint Joseph's College in Philadelphia.
Cornelius Gillespie was born on September 12, 1851 in County Donegal, located in what was then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
He immigrated to the United States at the age of sixteen, and was accepted to Saint Joseph's College in Philadelphia; the school was officially closed while a new campus was being constructed, however, and he studied under one of the school's Jesuit professors.
Gillespie was appointed the sixteenth president of Gonzaga College and pastor of St. Aloysius Church in Washington, D.C., succeeding Edward A. McGurk.
As president, he announced on January 29, 1893 that a new building for the college would be built; three years later, the new hall was complete.
He was the college's first president to have been an alumnus of the school, and served until September 1907, when he was replaced by Denis T. O'Sullivan.
In his two terms, Gillespie separated St. Joseph's Preparatory School from the rest of the university in 1904, and the first varsity athletics programs were begun in 1909.
Russell Selkirk (October 20, 1905 – September 25, 1993) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the Schoharie district from 1959 to 1965.
He won the gold medal in the Men's Super-G B1 event at the 1992 Winter Paralympics held in Tignes and Albertville, France.
The 2019 All-Big 12 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen as All-Big 12 Conference players for the 2019 Big 12 Conference football season.
It was the 8th edition of the Shenzhen Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2020 WTA Tour.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Negombo Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Negombo Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
The Judean Civil War was a conflict between King Alexander Jannaeus and the Pharisees, the dominant political party in the Great Sanhedrin at the time.
The civil war began after a decade of expansionist military campaigns by Alexander, whose dual role as both King of Judea and High Priest of the Jewish Temple resulted in a dereliction of his religious responsibilities in Jerusalem, which became the root of criticism by the Pharisees.
After suffering a defeat by the Arab Nabateans in the Battle of Gadara in 93 BC, Alexander returned to Jerusalem to officiate the festival of Sukkot.
He demonstrated his displeasure against the Pharisees by refusing to perform the water libation ceremony properly: instead of pouring it on the altar, he poured it on his feet.
Outraged, he ordered soldiers to kill those who insulted him, which lead to the massacre of six thousand people in the Temple courtyard.
With further frustration, Alexander had wooden barriers built around the temple and the court with the sacrificial altar, to which only priests had access.
This incident during the Feast of Tabernacles was a major factor leading up to the Judean Civil War by igniting popular opposition against Alexander.
After Alexander succeeded early in the war, the rebels relocated to Sepphoris, in the heavily pro-Pharisee region of Galilee, and appealed for Seleucid assistance.
Alexander had gathered six thousand, two hundred mercenaries and twenty thousand Jews for battle as Demetrius had forty thousand soldiers and three thousand horses.
Most of the rebels died in battle, while the remaining rebels fled to the city of Bethoma until they were defeated.
Alexander later returned the land he had seized from the Nabateans in order to have them end their support for the Jewish rebels.
In 87 BC, Alexander's queen, Salome Alexandra, was the sister of deputy Pharisee leader Simeon ben Shetach, and ordered Simeon's return from exile in Egypt.
Alexander Jannaeus died in 76 BC, making Salome Alexandra Queen Regnant of Judea, and assassinations of Sadducee leaders who had served in the civil war became common.
Zhu Yongguan (; born August 1967) is a Chinese geologist and the current director of the Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He received his Master of Science degree from the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1992 and doctor's degree in environmental biology from Imperial College London in 1998, respectively.
He returned to China in 2002 and that same year became a researcher at the Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The 2020 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year is the 95th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Following the demise of the GRA in 2019 the industry waited for another blow with the closure of Belle Vue Stadium.
The first track to be built in the United Kingdom (1926) had been approved for housing planning permission and awaited the official closure date.
Henry Willis Baxley (1803 – 1876) was an American physician who helped to found the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 1839.
This college has been variously described as the first dental college in the United States, in the world, and in North America.
There, he was educated at St. Mary's College before beginning medical school at the University of Maryland, from which he received his M. D. in 1824.
In 1826, he began working as an attending physician at the Baltimore General Dispensary, where he continued to work until 1829.
He was named a demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Maryland in 1834, and replaced Eli Geddings as professor of anatomy and physiology at this institution in 1837.
In 1839, Baxley worked with Chapin A. Harris, Horace H. Hayden, and Thomas E. Bond to found the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery.
He served as professor of surgery at Washington University of Baltimore from 1842 to 1847, and he worked as a physician at the Baltimore Almshouse from 1849 to 1850.
In 1901, Johns Hopkins used this money to establish the Baxley Professorship of Pathology, the first ever endowed chair in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
It was the 27th edition of the Hobart International and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2020 WTA Tour.
Maleiha Malik is a professor of law at King’s College London, lecturing in jurisprudence and legal theory, discrimination law and European law; she is also an attorney, and a member of the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn.
As of recently, she researched the intersection between sexual and cultural equality, exploring feminist theory possible adjustments that could accommodate increasing cultural pluralism.
In line with her main research interest, anti-discrimination law, she is also at the forefront of the campaigns against anti-Muslim prejudices in Britain and Europe.
The Men's Super-G B1 was one of the events held in Alpine skiing at the 1992 Winter Paralympics in Tignes and Albertville, France.
Abu Ja'far had migrated to Egypt from Medina, where the Husaynid line was prominent, and became an important figure at the court of the Ikhshidids and later the Fatimids.
Sometime shortly after is father's death in 976/7, Tahir returned to Medina, where he was quickly recognized by the rest of the Husaynids as their leader.
He initially recognized the Abbasid caliph al-Ta'i, but the Fatimid caliph al-Aziz Billah sent an army which forced him to shift his allegiance to the Fatimids instead.
Robert Tyler (born October 12, 1965) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Seattle Seahawks.
He took the company public in 1970 and was chairman during the company’s growth from 26 billion won to 30 trillion won.
Koo was born 24 April 1925 in Jinju, Korea to Koo In-Hwoi, who went on to found GoldStar and Lak Hui Chemical Industrial Corp, a plastics manufacturer and, later, a producer of toiletries.
Biswas served as the acting vice-chancellor of Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology from 14 August 2007 to 28 January 2008.
Later, he served as the vice-chancellor of Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology from 29 January 2008 to 28 January 2012.
After retirement he served as a guest professor at Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology in Dhaka for around four years.
She released a live version of the song on 20 September 2019, as well as the song's music video in November 2019.
Hannah Elsy (born December 28, 1986) is a former British rower who competed in international level events who competed in the women's double sculls and eights.
Harry Smoler (November 8, 1911 – June 12, 1991) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 42nd district from 1979 to 1982.
HD 60803 is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Canis Minor, located less than a degree to the northwest of the prominent star Procyon.
It has a yellow hue and is visible to the naked eye as a dim point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.904.
The distance to this system is 135 light years as determined using parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.6 km/s.
Both components are similar, G-type main-sequence stars; the primary has a stellar classification of G0V while the secondary has a class of G1V.
South Kanara District Chess Association, also known as SKDCA is an assocation for the game of Chess, headquartered in Mangalore city of Karnataka in India.
SKDCA has organized national level and FIDE rated chess tournaments, and international masters and grand masters have participated in these tournaments.
Zakaria Moradi (; born August 14, 1998) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a winger for Iranian club Esteghlal in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He made his debut for Esteghlal in 15th fixtures of 2019–20 Iran Pro League against Shahin Bushehr while he substituted in for Hrvoje Milić.
Yasmin Tredell (born 18 November 1992) is a British rower who competed in international events in the women's eights in both senior and junior levels.
Based on the original The Voice Senior, it has aired one season and aims to find currently unsigned singing talent (solo or duets, professional and amateur) contested by aspiring singers, age 60 or over, drawn from public auditions.
The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season.
The Grantville Historic District, in Grantville, Georgia, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
It also includes a school, a waterworks, an auditorium, several churches and, on the eastern edge of the district, the city cemetery.
The species has a discontinuous distribution, being native to the eastern United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia) and to parts of eastern Asia (Sri Lanka, Southeast China, Peninsula Malaysia and Japan).
He won the bronze medal together with Ricky Molier in the men's doubles event in wheelchair tennis at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.
It includes a two-story, L-shaped, wood-framed farmhouse built upon a granite foundation in the 1880s, expanded to the rear in 1948 and with side porches added in 1981.
The 2019–20 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represent Oral Roberts University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Golden Eagles, led by 3rd-year head coach Paul Mills, play their home games at the Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of the Summit League.
The Golden Eagles finished the 2018–19 season 11–21 overall, 7–9 in Summit League play, to finish in a tie for 5th place.
The following year, in late 1610, she married Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, despite being 40 years his junior, younger than most of the earl's children.
Thomas Cecil reserved a space for her in his monument at Westminster Abbey, but Frances chose instead to have her grave in the floor of Winchester Cathedral.
Desmond Hall and Castle, also called Desmond Castle and Banqueting Hall or Newcastle West Medieval Complex and Desmond Hall, are a set of medieval buildings and National Monuments located in Newcastle West, Ireland.
By 1298, the castle had curtain walls and defensive towers surrounding the complex, with thatched houses, cattle byres and fishponds in the centre.
The present structure dates to the 15th century, with the hall and chamber built on the site of the earlier structure, and used for banqueting and entertainment.
In 1591, during the Desmond Rebellions, the castle was seized by the Crown and granted to Sir William Courtenay on condition that 80 English colonists be settled in the area as part of the Munster Plantation.
In 1643, during the Irish Confederate Wars, the castle was besieged for four months, then taken by the Irish Catholic Confederation.
The castle buildings were attacked by Oliver Cromwell’s forces in 1645, and further damage during the Williamite war in Ireland in the late 17th century.
In the 17th and 18th century the castle was occupied by the Mahony family, while the Courtenay Earls of Devon lived in Courtenay Castle; much of what had survived of the Desmond Castle was demolished in the 18th century to make room for Courtenay Castle.
By the 19th century, the Earl of Devon's agent Charles Curling was living in Courtenay Castle, and the Curlings bought Desmond Castle in 1910.
The site was taken into state care in 1989, and renovation began in 1990 under the auspices of the Office of Public Works.
The Mastai family was a noble Italian family known as one of the oldest and most powerful ones, which counts among its members multiple clerigymen and even a pope.
The history of the Mastais, who were originally entrepreneurs and merchants, began in Lombardia, probably to Crema or Brescia, where its founder Francesco Mastai was born in 1520.
Then Federico, who moved from Crema to Venice, married the young lady Santa, with whom he had two kids, Pompeo e Giovanni Mastai, giving birth to the dynasty.
Here Giovanni Maria Mastai married Caterina di Claudio Garimboldi, who brought in dowry some land and the fourteenth-century palace where they established in 1579, since then known as Mastai Palace.
The wellness came with the ability of Mastai brothers in affairs making the family one of the most important Italian families and Giovanni even became a senator.
Between Giovanni and Caterina’s eleven kids just six survived: Leonilde and Agnese, that entered in the convent, Porzia and Camilla, that married Beliardi and Fagnani, Andrea who became archpriest of the chapter and apostolic prothonotary, while Francesco continued the mimeage.
He married Benedetta Bruni and had three children: Giovanni Battista, who entered the clergy, Agnese, that married Alessandro Mariotti from Fano and Giovanni Maria, who became a merchant.
Giovanni Maria Mastai II (1625-1688) entered, as well as his ancestors, in Senigallia municipal council, which at the time returned under the Papal State, and was gonfalonier several times.
after the death of his wife, Eleonora Benedetti, he married on 9th September 1653 the countess Margherita Minerva Ferretti from Ancona in second marriage, marry into a line of high lineage.
Six years later Margaret, after her brother’s death on 12th December 1659, inherited the palace in Ancona, some property in Castelferretti and the title of count for her children.
Of their children the firstborn Francesco Filippo (1647-1688) entered the clergy, becoming advisor of the Holy Office, while the fortunes of the family were managed by the other two sons: Antonio Maria Andrea (1656-1732) and Gerolamo (1659-1713).
To do that he asked Giovanni Anastasi from Senigallia, a paint at the end of 1600 biblical scenes, to paint walls and woodworks.
Among the survivors, five became monks and the others, except for the firstborn Giovanni Maria, who continued the line, entered the clergy.
Giovanni Maria III, born in 1687 as Antonio Maria was sent by his father and uncle to Francesco Farnese Duke of Parma’s court, where he was page for six years, obtaining the degree of count and the title of lord of the chamber.
Giovanni married Maria Isabella daughter of Ercole Maria Ercolani, marquis of Fornovo and Rocca Lanzona, with whom he had six children and who died in 1738.
After the death of his wife, Giovanni became a cleric and dedicated himself to the passing of the local history by copying manuscripts and by writing some himself.
Among his children Margherita became a nun, Maria Benedetta married Guido Consalvi from Macerata, Anna Maria Tommasa married Francesco Boni who was, like her, noble origin Ercole had nine children woman Caterina Guglielmini Balleani, a noble from Jesi, continuing the lineage.
The firstborn Gerolamo married Caterina Solazzi in 1780 and been gonfalonier multiple times and a member of the R. Cesareo Magistrato.
The marriage of Giovanni Maria Mastai with a girl from the Ferretti family from Ancona was added to this, having a great heritage.
The social ascent had not stopped, since the peak of fame came for the Mastai-Ferretti thanks to the cadet branch that distinguished itself in the ecclesiastical sphere.
Appointed priest in 1819, in 1827 he became archbishop of Spoleto, to which he added, after 5 years, the title of bishop of Imola and in 1840 the purple cardinal.
The conclave of 1846 acclaimed him pope with the name of Pius IX and his pontificate was among the longest in the history of the Catholic Church.
Senigallia preserves its memory with the Spirituality Culture Center in Palazzo Mastai Ferretti (where there is also a library of over thirty thousand volumes and the Pius IX Museum) and with the Opera Pia Mastai Ferretti, which houses about 200 elderly people.
Jack Edward Rudoni (born 26 May 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays for League One side AFC Wimbledon as a midfielder.
At the 1996 Summer Paralympics he won the gold medal in the men's singles event and together with Eric Stuurman the bronze medal in the men's doubles event.
He was the son of the first Kalbid emir, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi, who ruled the island on behalf of the Fatimid Caliphate.
In the 960s, he led the completion of the Muslim conquest of Sicily by capturing the last Byzantine strongholds of Taormina and Rometta and defeating a Byzantine relief expedition.
Rangamati Shahi (also Rangmati Shahi) is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
She was elected from Nepali Congress under the proportional representation system, filling the seat reserved for the backward regions of the country.
Singh placed in the top 40 of the Top Model competition and won the talent competition, which granted her direct entry into the top 40 semifinals.
Finals night was held on 14 December at ExCeL London, where Singh advanced from the top 40 to the top 12, and ultimately to the top five.
With her win, Singh became the fourth Jamaican woman to hold the title, with the last being Lisa Hanna who was crowned Miss World 1993, and the first black woman to win Miss World since Agbani Darego of Nigeria won Miss World 2001.
Her win also made 2019 the first ever year that black women won the two most prestigious beauty pageant titles in the world, after Zozibini Tunzi became South Africa's first ever black woman to have won the Miss Universe title.
It is the first time that the band flies over outside the borders of Greece and more specifically to Munich, to record an album, right from the very beginning until the last detail of the master.
Recording was done at the Prophecy and Music Factory Studios, while mixing and mastering took place at Maranis studios in Backnang, Germany.
The release of the album took place in November 2009, through the major label Nuclear Blast, after the band won over 1200 bands at the RTN awards.
Of these, 91.1% spoke Russian, 3.1% Yiddish, 2.6% Polish, 1.2% Belarusian, 0.7% Ukrainian, 0.5% Latvian, 0.4% German, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% Lithuanian and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
It will be released on February 7, 2020 through Producer Entertainment Group, becoming her first studio album released under a record label.
District 21 covers parts of Rockingham and Strafford Counties, including the towns of Durham, Lee, Madbury, Newfields, Newington, and Newmarket, as well as the city of Portsmouth.
Osu’s overall career received mainstream recognition due to her participation in the big brother reality Tv show but however Osu debuted her career in the Nigerian entertainment industry as a model and in 2011 won the award for model of the year at the Dynamix awards.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Colts Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
She won the gold medal in the women's 4x5 km relay B1-2 event at the 1984 Winter Paralympics and she also won the bronze medal in the women's middle distance 10 km B1 event.
Blumberg was born to a Jewish family in Lithuania and immigrated to the United States when he was 14 settling in New York City.
Blumberg served as President of the Bensonhurst Sash and Door Company, the Globe Exchange Bank, the Globe Financial Corporation, and the Farmers Title Guarantee and Mortgage Company; he was Vice President of the Philippine Button Company.
He was married to Lina Gurian (c. 1882–1966); they had six children including George Blumberg (d. 1960), who served in the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate; Jack Blumberg (1910–1970) who took over the family's philanthropic activities; Elsie Blumberg Wolosoff who married homebuilder Leon Wolosoff; and William Blumberg who founded KF Lumber and Supply in Queens, New York.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
Starting his career as an obscure actor in 1990s, he was elected as a Member of National Assembly for Gwanak 2nd constituency at the 2015 by-election, making him as the first conservative MP of the liberal-leaning constituency since its creation in 1988.
He was then admitted to Korea National University of Arts (K-ARTS) and earned a bachelor's degree in theatre, as well as a master's degree in public policy from Korea University and a doctorate in urban sociology from University of Seoul.
Oh joined the Grand National Party (GNP; later Saenuri Party then Liberty Korea Party) in 2006, and ran as a Seoul Metropolitan Council member for Gwanak 1st constituency at the local elections.
In 2012, he was the Saenuri's MP candidate for Gwanak 2nd constituency but defeated by the opposition alliance (DUP-UPP) candidate Lee Sang-kyu.
Following the defeat, he worked for Park Geun-hye, the Saenuri's presidential candidate who won in the same year, as well as the party's youth wing.
The election of Lee Sang-kyu was annulled due to the UPP's ban in December 2014, which brought a by-election in 2015.
The result became a sensation, as the constituency was known as liberal-leaning where conservatives did not win since the creation in 1988.
On 22 December 2017, he was elected as the party's parliamentary leader and held the position till the party was merged into Bareunmirae Party in 2018.
Soon, the party was split due to the conflicts regarding the electoral reform and the installation of the Office of Crime Investigation for Senior Public Officials.
Analyses showed that Kim failed to get supports from the former People's Party (PP) MPs, though Kim has a background of PP.
Following the long conflicts with Sohn, Oh joined the party's dissident group, Emergency Action for Change and Innovation (later New Conservative Party), led by the party's ex-co-President Yoo Seong-min.
All group members were later suspended from the party, as well as Oh, who was also sacked from the parliamentary leader.
During the 2015 by-election, it was reported that Oh's master's degree from Korea University was revoked due to the thesis plagiarism, which he forgot to write the references.
Zeiss was chief consultant for mental health services at the Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office – the first woman and the first psychologist to hold this position.
Afterwards she joined the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), where she was Director of Interdisciplinary Team Training in Geriatrics and later Director of Psychology Training at the Palo Alto Health Care System.
In 2005 she became the deputy chief consultant for the Office of Mental Health Services at the Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office (VACO), from 2010 to 2012 she was chief consultant.
In 2010 the Association of VA Psychology Leaders established the Antonette Zeiss Distinguished Leadership Award to honor VA psychologists who have shown expert leadership during their career and a strong commitment to the work of providing health care for Veterans.
After her retirement in 2012, she still remains active in her field, publishing books and articles and serving as a member of the Board of Professional Affairs for APA.
Sotelo received his medical degree from Central University of Venezuela and his residency in General Surgery and Urology was at Domingo Luciani Hospital, Venezuela.
Sotelo is the founder of CIMI (Robotic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center) in Venezuela; Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, México and Bolivia.
Sotelo has been a pioneer in robotic surgery for complex urinary fistula in men and women, benign prostate enlargement and inguinal lymph node dissection for cancer.
Sotelo has been professor at 35 universities in 19 countries, where he has demonstrated advanced robotic & laparoscopic techniques at live surgical symposia.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Panadura Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Rekha Kumari Jha is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
Of these, 68.2% spoke Ukrainian, 11.5% Yiddish, 6.5% Polish, 5.3% Czech, 4.2% Russian, 3.6% German, 0.3% Tatar and 0.2% Belarusian as their native language.
Liane Hielscher (born as Juliane Hielscher on 9 November 1935 in Schweidnitz, Silesia; died 26 January 2000 in Bad Aibling, Bavaria) is a German actress.
The Herrenberg Altarpiece () is a winged altarpiece, that was created between 1518 and 1521 for the Brethren of the Common Life, a German Roman Catholic pietist community.
It was built as a high altar for the collegiate church in Herrenberg in the state of Württemberg, now part of southwest Germany.
Ratgeb's idiosyncratic and expressive style of painting was, for a long time, little appreciated and it has only recently been appropriately recognized.
After the Reformation was introduced to the town in 1534, the first Lutheran pastor in Herrenberg had it dismantled in 1537.
The Herrenbilder Altar is a winged altarpiece, the front of which has two outer wings (A) that can be opened out to the left and right and two inner wings (I) that can also be opened.
Of the double winged altar, four panels, painted on both sides, the corner elevations and the three-part back of the predella have survived.
The eight large panel pictures simultaneously show 24 scenes from the Passion story, from the life of Mary and from the Acts of the Apostles.
He won the silver medal in the Men's Giant Slalom B1 event and the silver medal in the Men's Downhill B1 event at the 1988 Winter Paralympics.
In December 2019, his son, Hassan Niazi, attracted criticism for attacking the Punjab Institute of Cardiology as part of the group of lawyers.
Tate Arms, also known as the Charles and Dorothy Alberts House and the Williams Hotel, is a historic building located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
Completed in 1914 for Charles and Dorothy Alberts, this house was Iowa City’s first rooming house that was built for black tenants and owned by black landlords.
The building was acquired by local attorney Edward F. Rate, who was white, in the 1920s and he continued to rent to African Americans.
From c. 1928 to c. 1932 the house was known as the Williams Hotel after its proprietor James Williams, who also owned a car wash.
Bud operated a janitorial service, and Bettye had operated a rooming house for black male students in their previous home at East Prentiss Street.
After the Tate's bought this 12-room house they changed the name to the Tate Arms and housed up to 20 male students a year.
Bettye was known for her disciplined residence and did not permit liquor, women in the bedrooms, and tenants were expected to make their beds.
Housing discrimination in Iowa City continued until the Fair Housing Amendment to the Iowa Civil Rights Act was passed in 1967.
In 1979 Bettye Tate sold the building, which had been vacant since 1970, and it was slated for demolition several times until 2014 when it was designated an Iowa City Historic Landmark.
Although it was more closely related to modern cercopithecids (Old World monkeys) than to apes, it had not evolved some features shared by crown cercopithecids and their nearest relatives, such as bilophodont molars.
degree in Chemistry from University of New Mexico and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Washington, as well as post-graduate work at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Strome's work in developmental genetics investigates how germ cells are established and maintain identity, immortality, and potency from parent to offspring.
Romazava () is the national dish of Madagascar, consisting of greens, zebu meat, tomatoes, and onions, typically accompanied by a portion of rice.
A native of Newark, New Jersey, he began his journalism career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
William J. McCarter, general manager of WETA, a public broadcasting station, said that Woestendiek was being ‘relieved of his duties’ as a direct result of his wife’s new job.
Of these, 62.4% spoke Ukrainian, 14.3% Yiddish, 10.8% German, 5.9% Russian, 5.7% Polish, 0.6% Czech, 0.1% Bashkir and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
At the 1992 Summer Paralympics he won the silver medal in the men's doubles event together with Thierry Caillier and the bronze medal in the men's singles event.
The Civic Tower (or Clock Tower) () is a historic building in the town of Castel Goffredo, in the province of Mantua, Italy.
Located on the left side of the Palazzo Gonzaga-Acerbi and the Palazzo della Ragione, it has witnessed for centuries the political center of the city and is popularly considered the symbol of Castel Goffredo.
Its foundation, perhaps on a pre-existing structure and with walls at the base of 1.30 meters thick, dates back to the 13th century and from 1438 there is the public clock.
The marble coat of arms with the Gonzaga weapon [6] is affixed to the passing arch of the tower, once equipped with a gate, and two inscriptions are placed on the sides by Aloisio Gonzaga in the first half of the sixteenth century.
Initially covered by a roof and about 20 meters high, it underwent expansion works that allowed it to reach the current 27 meters in height.
It was equipped with an external staircase, on the east side, which connected the square with the interior of the tower, in which justice was administered from the fifteenth century and where there was also a torture chamber.
In 1492 it was raised with a new belfry which still hosts the concert of eight bells, some of which date back to the 16th century, of the Prepositural Church of Sant'Erasmo.
For this reason, in 2006, it was subjected to important static checks, since the out of plumb was increased in the last decades.
In April 1924, she worked at the election office of Takejiro Nishioka, who was later elected to the House of Representatives in the 1924 Japanese general election a month later; the two married in October of the same year.
In 1948, her husband was expelled from public office, and she became the representative director of the Nagasaki Shimbun evening edition, and the managing director of the Nagasaki Min'yū Shimbun.
After that, she became president of Nagasaki Min'yū Shimbun, and also served as president of Kyushu Corporation and director of Nagasaki Radio.
In 1950, her husband became Governor of Nagasaki after his ban from political office was lifted, and three years later she was requested by the Liberal Party to run for the national district in the 1953 Japanese House of Councillors election.
She was elected to the House of Councillors, where she served in the welfare and construction committees, helped families of war casualties, enacting the Prostitution Prevention Act, developing a simple water supply on remote islands in Nagasaki Prefecture, and reconstructing the city of Nagasaki.
She assumed the position of the director of the newly-created Nagasaki Shimbun Company was founded, and became its representative director and vice president, before she resigned as director in 1966.
Your Brother's Wife (German: Deines Bruders Weib) is a 1921 German silent film directed by Franz Eckstein and starring Olaf Storm, Olga Limburg and Margarete Schlegel.
Having initially only associated with the tea processing industry in Sylhet, it later expanded to include the manufacture of general farming machinery, specialising in tillers, seeders and power threshers among others.
She was born in England c. 1942, her father, Longford man Lt. Col. John Walsh, worked in the British Army until she was sixteen.
She attended the National College of Art and Design in Dublin as well as going to the Byam Shaw School of Art in London.
She has won a number of awards including the Royal Dublin Society Taylor Art Award in 1964 and the Water Colour Society of Ireland - President's Award in 2007.
Barbara Dosher is the former dean of the School of Social Sciences and a Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Sciences at University of California Irvine.
Her primary research interests involve aspects of attentional processes and human memory, particularly forgetting and retrieval of implicit and explicit working memories.
İlhan Palut (born 12 November 1976) is a Turkish football manager and former player who is currently the head coach of Göztepe.
The 2020 GT World Challenge Asia is the fourth season of SRO Motorsports Group and Team Asia One GT Management's Blancpain GT World Challenge Asia, an auto racing series for grand tourer cars in Asia.
It is the second season of the unification of GT3 sprint series across the globe under the World Challenge name and the first since Blancpain ended its title sponsorship of the series.
At the annual press conference during the 2019 24 Hours of Spa on 26 July, the Stéphane Ratel Organisation announced the first draft of the 2020 calendar.
Brazos TV, Inc. is a religious broadcaster based in Alvarado, Texas that owns and operates three full-power FM radio stations (KSQX, KQSX, KJDE) and two low-power TV stations (K26OL-D, K22NR-D) west of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, along with one full-power FM radio station (KETE) located northeast of the metroplex.
The primary channels of both stations broadcast independent Christian programming and local content in high definition, with content from the Three Angels Broadcasting Network on three of their subchannels.
Both stations have an additional subchannel that provides live weather information for the station's respective broadcast area, as well as an audio simulcast of KSQX/KQSX 89.1 (Faith Family 3ABN Radio).
Of these, 78.5% spoke Ukrainian, 11.9% Yiddish, 4.6% Polish, 3.5% Russian, 0.9% German, 0.3% Belarusian, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian as their native language.
She represented Germany at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's doubles event together with Petra Sax-Scharl.
Strome received a degree in dentistry from University of Helsinki and a Ph.D. in 1975, as well as post-graduate work at the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda.
Thesleff has received several major science awards, served as president of the European Orthodontic Society and the Finnish Society for Developmental Biology.
He is not to be confused with Elias of London (Elijah ben Moses or Elias le Evesque), the chief rabbi of English Jewry from 1243-1257.
He was born to one of the leading families of English Jewry at the time, which held many official positions until the final expulsion in 1290.
In the Second Barons' War his family lost much property, but were physically unharmed and apparently managed to escape to Normandy.
When legal restrictions were placed on the Jews in the 1270s, Eliyahu and his brothers were given an exemption from some of them.
Of these, 80.7% spoke Ukrainian, 12.2% Yiddish, 3.4% Russian, 3.0% Polish, 0.3% Tatar, 0.1% Czech and 0.1% German as their native language.
He also played one year in GVV Unitas, went back and made it into SVW's first squad at the age of 15.
Before RBC and after his professional career, Romijn played for SVW Gorinchem, GVV Unitas, and finally in GJS Gorinchem until 2014 (by then already in the 5th squad).
The primary was organized by the party following the decision by Donald Tusk not to run for president again (he lost in a runoff to incumbent Lech Kaczyński in 2005) and then served as Prime Minister from 2007 to 2014 after which he resigned to become President of the European Council.
The team competed in all four seasons of the APEX tournament series and reached the finals twice – in Season 2 and Season 4.
After the inception of the Overwatch League, the APEX series ended, and RunAway began to compete in the newly formed Overwatch Contenders (OWC) series.
Following, Kim helped his team win the NetEase Esports X Tournament over The One Winner after securing a five-kill on the final map Volskaya Industries to close out the series and claim their second major tournament title.
On December 1, 2018, the Aquilini Group announced that Kim, along with all of the other members of RunAway, had been signed to their new expansion team Vancouver Titans for the 2019 Overwatch League season.
Although he was best known for his talents playing the damage heroes like Genji, Kim spent the majority of his play time on the support hero Brigitte due to the prominent three support, three tank meta in the OWL throughout the first three stages of the season.
After the introduction of the 2-2-2 role lock in Stage 4, in which teams were locked-in to playing two damage, two tank, and two support heroes, Kim returned to playing damage heroes and had the highest player impact rating, an official rating is a system used by Overwatch League statisticians, in the stage.
In a 4–0 sweep over the Florida Mayhem, Kim amassed 27 Dragonblade kills on Genji to set an Overwatch League record for most Dragonblade kills per 10 minutes.
For his excellent play throughout the season, Kim was selected for the 2019 All-Star Game, named an OWL Role Star for DPS, and named the 2019 OWL Rookie of the Year.
On July 26, 2019, it was announced that Kim was selected as a member of Team South Korea for the 2019 Overwatch World Cup (OWWC).
With the team, Kim picked up a bronze medal after falling to Team USA in the semifinals and defeating Team France in the third-place match.
The election resulted in the defeat of incumbent governor María Eugenia Vidal (PRO) to former finance minister and current national deputy Axel Kicillof.
Vidal is the first governor to seek re-election and lose, while Kicillof becomes the eighth governor (sixth peronist) since the return of democracy in 1983.
She represented Germany at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's doubles event together with Christine Otterbach.
She first appeared in 1793 when Captain Robert Griggs acquired a letter of marque on 30 April, shortly after the outbreak of war with France.
On 30 March a party of seamen and marines from stormed a five-gun battery overlooking a small bay about seven leagues northward of Cape Roxo, Puerto Rico.
On rejoining, Fitton invited Whylie by signal to come to breakfast, and while waiting caught a large shark that was under the stern.
The 2019-20 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's ice hockey season was the 27th season of play for the program, the 22nd at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
Kendra Flock (born September 5, 1985) is a former Canadian soccer player who last played as a forward for Falköpings KIK at the Swedish Elitettan.
She played one season for the University of Central Florida where she started in all the team's season matches and led them in points.
She represented Austria at the 1984 Winter Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's 4x5 km relay B1-2 event, the only event she participated in.
From 1968 to 1973, she was an assistant at the Medical History Institute of the University of Zurich with Erwin Heinz Ackerknecht.
From 1978 to 1984, she served as the chair for medical history at the University of Bern, from which she resigned in 1984 in favor of going into psychotherapeutic practice.
After working as an assistant at the crisis intervention center of the University Psychiatric Services in Bern (KIZ / UPD Bern), she was a specialist in psychiatry and psychotherapy from 2005.
Fischer-Homberger was interested in the psychological and social functionality or dysfunctionality of words and concepts, especially in psychiatric, psychotherapeutic and medical use.
She was recognized as one of the 100 women achievers in India (2016) in the category Animal Welfare by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India.
Her work for the protection of street dogs and against the cruelty to animals in Kerala has received great attention in Kerala.
The 2019 National Dreamtime Awards event was the 2019 iteration of the National Dreamtime Awards, held on Saturday 16 November 2019 at The Star, Sydney and hosted by Andy Saunders and Rachael Hocking.
Yvonne Netter (8 April 1889 – 30 August 1985) was a French advocate, journalist, campaigner for feminism and Zionism and an active member of the French Resistance during the Vichy France period.
Netter was born to Blanche Isaac and Mathieu Netter, an industrialist from the Alsace region whose business was processing bird down.
Her husband had poor health and was not sent to the front to fight in World War I; he was employed as a driver before being demobilised because of illness between 1915 and 1916.
In 1923, Netter co-founded the Jewish Women's Union for Palestine with Suzanne Zadoc-Kahn, wife of doctor and chair of the Central Committee of Keren Hayesod, Léon Zadoc-Kahn; the Union later became the French section of the Women's International Zionist Organization; she was also active in other women's Jewish groups.
Between the late 1920s and the onset of World War II, she travelled widely in Europe and North Africa promoting Zionism at conferences.
From the 1920s in particular, she fought passionately for the right of women to work and vote [only realised in France 27 years after other major European nations].
French-speaking Africans were – like French women – also unable to vote, despite their families' sacrifices for France in the war.
In 1940, shortly after the defeat of France to the Nazis, Madeleine Fauconneau du Fresne – an activist for the Moral Re-Armament movement begun by Frank Buchman – was advised by a friend to engage the services of Netter after she was called to court to answer charges of defamation following an argument with a neighbour.
The two became good friends and this led Netter to convert to Catholicism, but nonetheless she was banned from her advocacy in 1941 because of her Jewish background.
For the same reason, she was arrested on 4 July 1942 by French police and a Gestapo agent and interned at .
While she was in the Pithiviers hospital, due to severe dysentery, Fauconneau du Fresne was able to visit and pass on details of an escape plan arranged with Line Piguet, the wife of Dr.Robert Piguet, and with the help of a laundry worker there.
While attending mass, Netter wore a friend's jacket and escaped with Henri Tessier, a market gardener, to stay awhile with the Tessier family in Pithiviers before staying with Tessier's friend, Joseph-Marie Cardin.
The Cardins provided money and false documents for her planned trip to the southern zone where she could join her brother, Léo.
Madame Piguet – who also helped Netter's son, Didier – was arrested by the Gestapo after she was found to be hiding a jew.
Netter was in hiding until Paris's liberation, but despite this was part of the Comet Line resistance group as a liaison officer from July to December 1943 and from June to August 1944.
81; he and his son were moved to Buchenwald concentration camp and his wife and daughter to Ravensbrück concentration camp [some sources erroneously say Bergen-Belsen and Auschwitz respectively].
In 2018, Fauconneau du Fresne was given the title Righteous Among the Nations for saving Netter, a title also previously granted to the Tessier, Piguet and Cardin families for saving her and others.
Later that year he was recruited to Michigan by the Regents of the University of Michigan to serve as principal of a Lancastrian school in Detroit.
In 1824 he was employed by surveyor and land speculator Orange Risdon to work with him on a detailed map of Michigan to be completed that year.
Anticipating a flood of immigrants from the east when the Erie Canal was scheduled to open the following year, Farmer decided to go into the map trade himself, producing his own map of Michigan in 1825.
Farmer found the delay and cost of sending his manuscripts east to be engraved in copper for printing time-consuming and expensive.
The anticipated flood of settlers did arrive, and updated detailed maps showing the public land survey were popular with new arrivals as they contained extraordinary detail of every surveyed township and section.
Upon Farmer's death on March 24, 1859, Roxanne took over the business as produced several maps, then was succeeded by their oldest son Silas.
The Women's 4x5 km relay B1-2 event was one of the events held in cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck, Austria.
Of these, 57.0% spoke Ukrainian, 14.1% Yiddish, 12.0% German, 9.7% Polish, 5.1% Russian, 1.5% Czech, 0.4% Tatar and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.
Phillis Emily Cunnington (1 November 1887 – 24 October 1974) was an English medical doctor and collector, writer and historian on costume and fashion.
She and her husband Cecil Willett Cunnington (1878–1961) worked together not only in their medical practice but also on their collection and writing.
In 1947 the Cunningtons' extensive costume collection was acquired by the Manchester City Art Gallery and the Gallery of Costume at Platt Hall was opened.
Her youngest brother was Captain Noel William Ward Webb (1896–1917), a British World War I flying ace credited with fourteen aerial victories.
Another brother was Lieutenant Paul Frederic Hobson Webb (1889-1918), who was killed in action on 7 July 1918 while serving in No.
In 1911 she was a medical student at the London School of Medicine for Women and in 1916 a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, qualifying as a doctor in 1918 and becoming a Member of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP).
For a period she was Clinical Assistant in the Eye Department of the Royal Northern Hospital, later being the Medical Officer in charge of the Infant Welfare Centre in Finchley in northwest London.
In 1918 Phillis Webb married Cecil Willett Cunnington who was also a qualified doctor and who had served as a Captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I.
For a number of years the couple had a joint practice from their home Tatchley House on Dollis Avenue in Finchley.
By the end of the 1930s they had about a thousand costumes, some of which they loaned out for some of the first British television transmissions.
In 1945 the collection was offered for sale for £7,000 with the hope that a single benefactor would keep it together.
The collection was said to contain over 900 dresses, 650 hats or bonnets, 550 items of underclothing, 100 pairs of shoes, 90 shawls, 100 parasols and 350 examples of ribbons.
In 1945 Lawrence Haward, the Curator of the Manchester City Art Gallery, launched a campaign to raise funds for the purchase of the Cunnigtons' extensive collection.
Having moved to West Mersea in Essex the couple began a series of five handbooks that covered the history of English dress which they completed by 1959.
After the death of her husband in 1961 Phillis Cunnington continued to write books on the history of costume, both alone and in collaboration with others.
She represented Poland at the 1984 Winter Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's 3x5 km relay LW2-9 event.
Hildreth Frost (1880-1955) was a lawyer and soldier from Colorado who commanded Company A of the 2nd Infantry Regiment during the Colorado Coalfield War.
He also served as Judge Advocate for the military courts-martial that for members of the Colorado National Guard following the Ludlow Massacre.
Frost received a bachelor's degree from Colorado College in 1901, the same year as the Cripple Creek Strike, and a law degree from Harvard in 1904.
Frost worked as a lawyer on matters relating to the mining industry, which was a major employer in Southern Colorado prior to the Great Depression.
On 26 October 1913, Governor of Colorado Elias M. Ammons ordered the Colorado National Guard to deploy to the southern coalfields near Trinidad and Walsenburg in response to violence associated with the United Mine Workers of America strike against the Colorado Fuel and Iron company that had begun on 23 September.
Like other units of the National Guard in the strike zone, Company A began incorporating CF&I mine guards into its ranks.
Company A would remain deployed through the departure of the congressional committee visit and publication of the military report on the strike zone, returning home on 17 April 1914.
However, the company's first sergeant and two lieutenants remained and participated in the Ludlow Massacre, where roughly 20 strikers and their families were killed.
Frost participated in the northern-most engagement of the conflict, a ten-hour long gun battle in near the mines of Louisville, north of Denver, on 28 April.
Following the conflict, several members of the Colorado National Guard, including Lt. Karl Linderfelt and Major Patrick J. Hamrock were court-martialed in relation to the violence at Ludlow and the killing of strike-leader Louis Tikas.
Frost continued to work as a lawyer following the conflict and was drafted following the entry of the United States into the First World War, which he had penned several newspaper opinion pieces against in the years preceding it, citing his experience during the 1913-1914 strike.
The Jungle Satyagraha was held in Sihawa in 1922 under the leadership of Shyamlal Som where Babu Chhote Lal Shrivastava gave full support in that Satyagraha.
He is serving as an Advisor to Prime Minister Imran Khan in the capacity of a Minister of State in Cabinet.
He owns a number of companies including Abbas Financial Holdings Ltd, Abbas Investments Ltd, Malek-el-Sayed Law and Consultation Inc, Abbas Investments Ltd, Abbas Ltd, and Al Bukhari Global Equity Fund.
She represented Poland at the 1984 Winter Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's 3x5 km relay LW2-9 event.
Savage Water is a 1979 American thriller horror film co-produced and directed by Paul W. Kener and written by Kipp Boden.
A group of people are vacationing in the Grand Canyon, where they paddle through the Colorado River on a white water rafting tour run by a man named Dave Savage.
The late Ming peasant rebellions were a series of peasant revolts during the last decades of the Ming dynasty lasting from 1628-1644 .
At the same time, the She-An Rebellion and Jurchen invasions forced the Ming government to cut funding for the postal service, which resulted in the mass unemployment of men in the provinces hit hard by natural disasters.
By 1627, the war with the Jurchens as well as the eruption of the She-An Rebellion in 1621 had drained Ming treasuries to dangerously low levels, with just seven million taels left in the Taicang Vault.
Natural disasters in Shaanxi were not unusual but in the last 60 years of the Ming, they were especially bad, and there was not a single year in which Shaanxi did not experience a natural disaster.
The Chongzhen Emperor's petty and mercurial ways exacerbated the situation by constantly switching grand secretaries, which prevented a coherent government response from coalescing.
Chongzhen's reign alone saw around 50 grand secretaries appointed to the post, representing two thirds of all holders of that post throughout the entire Ming dynasty.
To prevent further depletion of the imperial treasury, Chongzhen cut funding for the Ming postal service, which saw the mass unemployment of large numbers of men from the central and northern provinces around the Yellow River region.
This in turn contributed to the overall deterioration of government control and the formation of bandit groups, which became endemic in the last decades of the Ming.
In the spring of 1628, Wang Jiayin started a revolt in Shaanxi with some 6,000 followers, one of whom was Zhang Xianzhong, who would go on to depopulate Sichuan in the future.
The rebellion posed no threat to the Ming army, but due to the rugged mountain terrain of Shaanxi, the Ming pacification army of 17,000 was unable to effectively root out the rebels.
In early 1629 the veteran anti-rebel leader Yang He was called into service and made Supreme Commander of the Three Border Regions.
When his family disowned him for getting into repeated fights with his peers, he joined the army, which sentenced him to death for breaking military law.
Eventually hardship struck in the winter of 1631 and Zhang was forced to surrender with Luo Rucai, the first of several times he would do so out of expedience.
Li showed an aptitude for horse archery at an early age but was forced to become a shepherd at the age of ten due to poverty.
At some point Li became an outlaw for killing a man he found in bed with his wife after returning from an extended business trip.
After taking part in the suppression of the rebel Gao Yingxiang, Li himself became a rebel due to charges of stealing rations.
The rebels in Henan were driven west until they were bottled up in the southwestern corner of Henan in Chexiang Gorge.
They were returned to their homes under supervision, but when 36 rebels were killed and their heads hung up on the city walls, a full-scale revolt broke out again.
Despite the inability of the rebels to take well-defended cities, the Ming army was also unable to decisively defeat them, so the Ming started building blockhouses in towns to fortify the countryside.
Zhang Xianzhong and Gao Yingxiang were tasked with taking Southern Zhili, Luo Rucai with defending the Yellow River, and Ma Shouying with leading the mobile division.
During the operation, a dispute occurred between Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong on whether or not to kill the eunuchs, which led to the dissolution of the rebel alliance.
Zhang Xianzhong failed to take the city of Luzhou, which was heavily defended with cannons, which opened fire as they got closer, killing 1,100 rebels.
Li Zicheng continued his rebel activity throughout 1635 and 1636 with modest success; however, his lieutenant defected to the Ming and took Li's girlfriend along with him.
To the north, a 43,000 strong Ming army arrived in Henan under the command of Hong Chengchou but he failed to rout the rebels and even suffered a defeat.
Meanwhile the Ming suffered a major defeat when rebel forces surrounded Cao Wenzhao when he overextended and ran into rebel cavalry forces.
Lu was unable to follow up on his victories and he was called back to the northern frontier to deal with the Qing dynasty's invasion.
A new Vice Minister of War, Xiong Wencan, was put in charge of overall rebel pacification activities, but Hong Chengchou and Zuo Liangyu basically ignored all his orders.
Hong was able to defeat Li Zicheng in Sichuan, but victory in battle meant little against the rebel forces, and sometimes the army would even loot and rape in the area evicted of rebels.
At one point Zhang Xianzhong was even surrendered and was awarded troops and supplies on the promise that he would fight against Li Zicheng.
Joining forces, Zhang and Luo attacked the nearby town of Fangxian and then moved towards the heavily forested mountains of the Shaanxi border.
Although Yang Sichang and Zuo Liangyu clashed on policy, they scored a number of victories against the rebels from 1639 to 1640.
By the winter of 1640, Sichuan was being ravaged by Zhang Xianzhong, and Ming forces were deserting on a daily basis.
Zhang Xianzhong's army had welled upward of 100,000 but he was unable to score any major victories against Ming forces except in the taking of cities in Sichuan, which they slaughtered.
By 1643, the rebels had coalesced into just two major factions in Li Zicheng in Central China and Zhang Xianzhong in Sichuan.
This turned out to be the last Ming offensive as the Ming army was completely destroyed and Sun killed in battle.
In Beijing, Chongzhen made a last ditch effort to raise an army from the civilian population and sent them out against Li.
On 24 April, one of Chongzhen's eunuchs ordered for the gates to be opened for the rebels but the guards refused.
When the rebels realized that only powder was being fired, they attacked in force and took the city gates in a brief struggle.
The next month the northern general Wu Sangui defected to the Qing dynasty and together they defeated Li at the Battle of Shanhai Pass.
The 1973 Bedford Borough Council election took place on 10 May 1973 to elect members of Bedford Borough Council in England.
On January 2, 1901, Martindale as sworn in as a member Republican of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Wayne County 2nd district.
Acoustic Station is Pakistan's first music web series that produces live music performed in a studio featuring new and established artists.
In the launch ceremony, the producer Kashan Admani shared the idea behind the show and how he expects it to introduce the audience to new instruments and unplugged sounds.
She was awarded a PhD in 2002 by University College, Dublin on the impact of European integration on cross-border relations in Ireland.
She has fellowships including at ‘’UK in a Changing Europe’’, an ESRC-funded initiative, as well as at the Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice at Queens.
Hayward is a trustee of Conciliation Resources, an independent organisation working with people in conflict to prevent violence and build peace.
Rosaria Capacchione (born 16 February 1960) is an Italian politician and journalist, who served as an Italian Senator for the Democratic Party from 2013 to 2018.
Due to her job as a judicial reporter and for her activity against the Camorra, she has been repeatedly threatened with death over the years and for this she is forced to live under guard.
Despite protection, in October 2008, raiders broke into her home and stole a plaque she had been awarded earlier this year in honour of her campaigning journalism.
In November 2013, Cappachione branded footballer Mario Balotelli 'an imbecile' for refusing to rule out links with the Italian mafia ahead of the World Cup qualifier between Italy and Armenia.
In the Senate of the Republic, she was a member of the parliamentary anti-mafia committee and secretary of the justice committee.
Skive Stadium (Danish: Skive Stadion) is an athletics- and association football stadium located in Skive, Denmark, owned and operated by Skive Municipality.
It is currently used mostly for association football matches and is the home stadium of Skive Idrætsklub (association football) and Skive Atletik- og Motionsklub (athletics).
The stadium is part of a sport center, which since 2007 has also consisted of a multi-purpose hall named Spar Nord Arena, while the stadium itself includes IAAF certified athletics and sports facilities such as six round lanes, eight straight lanes, starting blocks, electronic timing, two tracks for the long jump and triple jump, pole vault and three throw cages surrounding an association football field.
The ground has a lighting installation with a light intensity of 500 lux and have been approved for televised Danish 1st Division matches by the Danish FA.
Apart from hosting matches for the second highest football league, the stadium have also staged two men's youth friendlies and two European women's youth qualification games, one for the Danish national youth team.
It has been known as Hancock Arena for sponsorship reasons since July 2018 and have previously been referred to as Sparbank Arena (2010–2012), Spar Nord Arena (2012–2018) and SIK Arena (2018).
The construction of the stadium at Engvej broke ground in May 1941, with the last details coming into place in the spring of 1943, and the new stadium was finished in 1944 at a total cost of DKK 130,000.
As part of the agreement between Skive IK and Skive Municipality, a new club house was built at the ground at a cost of DKK 12,000 and the club officially moved to Engvej in the spring of 1944.
In the years leading up to the construction of the stadium, the meadow had already been filled up by the municipality as relief work for the unemployed.
The inauguration of the stadium at Engvej took place on 5 June 1944 (Constitution Day) with a programme consisting of a large athletics event with participation of many of the country's strongest athletes and an association football match in front of nearly 4,000 spectators.
Skive IK, participating in the 1943–44 JBU's Mesterskabsrække, lost their association football match against the best placed Jutlandish league team in the 1943–44 season, Aarhus GF.
Arbejdernes Idrætsforening (AIF), which was the competing sports team in the city, had their own inauguration of the stadium on 18 June 1944 with music, singing and association football, and their first team in the JBU's Mellemrække played an exhibition match against the local rivals Holstebro BK from the JBU's Mesterskabsrække.
The City Council of Skive made an unanimous decision on 12 June 1944 to prohibit the presence of non-paying spectators at the north lying hillside, with the residence of the Skive Museum, during association football matches.
However, the local police have never enforced the ban nor spend resources on it, which have not had any significant impact.
In the spring of 1945, the German occupying forces seizes the stadium facilities and on 8 May 1945 a large parade was held by the Danish resistance movement.
The level 4 league match, that Viborg FF won 3–2 in windy rain, is reportedly the largest match attendance to a lower ranking Danish league game, outside of the top three divisional structure.
The club's professional senior team played at their temporary ground until the reconstruction was completed in 2003, while Skive AM was the only club to use the stadium facilities after the completion of phase one.
After a 5.5 year displacement period, Skive IK inaugurated the renovated stadium on 11 May 2003 with a derby against Holstebro BK in front of 1,720 spectators as part of a larger celebration program that included speeches, cycling and athletics competitions.
The first phase had cost Skive Municipality DKK 10 million, which delayed the second phase of the project due to lack of funds.
The second phase involved renovations to the buildings by 2003, resulting in a two-story extension of the building's wings totaling 190 m², 520 covered seatings and other facilities at the grandstand, a more contemporary scoreboard and a new grass blanket on the football field was laid.
Changes also included facilities such as an exercise room, public toilets, a cafeteria with an extended terrace, a kitchen at the building's ground floor, while the first floor got VIP rooms for sponsors, press and meetings, a speakerbox, and rooms for the local athletics and cycling clubs, Skive AM and Skive Cykelklub.
Plankings were erected around the stadium as part of the modernisations to the stadium, with the support of Skive IK's then chairman, to prevent matches being viewed from Engvej, and the Skive Committee on Culture and Industry took the initiative to beautify the planking with climbing plants.
The running tracks were renovated again in 2009 due to wear and tear together with the buildings in 2010, and included the installation of a balcony at the grandstand and, due to security reasons, an designated area for the away fans at association football matches and better sponsor facilities.
On 7 and 10 April 2016, the stadium hosted two 2016 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification games, and have previously staged two men's friendlies for the Danish national youth teams in 1961 and 2015.
An upgrade of the existing floodlights of 150 lux to 500 lux was done in the late 2000s to better support the minimum requirements of 1000 lux set forward for evening tv-transmissions at level 2.
New demands for under-soil heating at all professional matches in the Danish 1st Division were implemented beginning with the 2017/18 season, and Skive IK could no longer rely on a several years long dispensation from the Danish FA.
Hence, in the summer of 2017 Skive Municipality decided to invest DKK 2.6 million in installing a total of 25 kilometers of pipes under the municipal owned facility's football field as part of the new heating system provided by Danjord.
The watering system at the stadium, installed in the summer of 2010, makes use of the nearby river, Karup Å, which lowers the cost of water to a minimum.
On 8 September 2009, the Finance Committee of Skive Municipality approved the sale of the rights to naming sponsorships at Skive Stadium to Skive IK Elite A/S for DKK 25,000 for four years in addition to having the rights to sell banner ads at Skive Stadium.
On 1 July 2010 the regional bank, Sparbank, obtained the naming rights for the stadium, renaming it Sparbank Arena, creating matching names with the indoor athletics hall next to the stadium, that was constructed in 2007.
When the regional Skive-based bank merged with the Aalborg-based bank Spar Nord Bank in the fall of 2012, the sponsorship agreement was continued in the new financial constellation, with the stadium name being changed to Spar Nord Arena, beginning 18 November 2012.
The bank announced a withdrawal from its main sponsorship of Skive IK Elite A/S and its naming rights to the stadium in the fall of 2017, which was made public in February 2018, but would continue having the naming rights for the stadium in 2018 until a new sponsor was found.
Due to uncertainty surrounding the withdrawal, for a short period in March 2018, the stadium was hence temporarily referred to as SIK Arena.
On 1 July 2018, Skive Stadium officially changed its name to Hancock Arena, when a sponsorship deal was reached between the local brewery Hancock Bryggerierne A/S and SIK Elite, that is set to expire on 1 January 2022.
The Icelandic Evangelical Lutheran Church is an historic Lutheran church building at 415 Beaupre St. (also known as Adelaide St.) in Mountain, Pembina County, North Dakota.
In 1937 it became a Ukrainian Orthodox one, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of St. John, and it was remodeled to include an onion dome.
He competed in athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in the men's javelin throw C8 and men's 100 metres C8 events.
Sir John Prideaux (c. 1347 – 1403), of Orcheton in Modbury, Devon, was an English Member of Parliament for Devon in October 1383 and February 1386.
Paul John Holmes (born 25 August 1988) is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Eastleigh at the 2019 general election.
While a second-year student at the University of Southampton, Holmes was elected as a Conservative councillor in the 2008 Southampton City Council election.
He later contested the Mitcham and Morden parliamentary seat in the 2015 general election and the Southampton Test seat in the 2017 general election.
Holmes was elected to parliament in 2019, succeeding Mims Davies, who had stood down as MP for Eastleigh before later being selected to represent Mid Sussex.
John Prideaux (by 1520–58), of Upton Pyne, Devon and the Inner Temple, London, was an English Member of Parliament for Plymouth in 1547 and Devon in April 1554.
The Forest River State Bank, at 110 Front Street in Forest River, Walsh County, North Dakota, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.
He later served in the United States National Guard, and produced training and promotional films for the National Guard forces of Utah, California, and Texas.
Deerfield embroidery developed from the efforts of the Deerfield Society of Blue and White Needlework in Deerfield, Massachusetts in the 1890s.
Margaret C. Whiting and Ellen Miller formed the society in 1896 as a way to help residents boost the town's economy by reviving American needlework from the 1700s.
Members of the Blue and White Society initially used the patterns and stitches from these earlier works, but because these new embroideries were not meant to replicate the earlier works, the embroidery soon deviated from the original versions with new patterns and stitches, and even the use of linen, rather than wool, thread.
Ellen Miller was in declining health, the trained stitchers were getting old and couldn't continue, Margaret Whiting's sight was fading, and the design and quality of commercially produced items was increasing.
The Miller family, with two daughters, had come to Deerfield from the nearby town of Hatfield in 1893, and in 1895 Mrs. Calvin Whiting arrived with her two daughters from Holyoke.
The families were already friends, and Margaret and Ellen may have known each other while both were students at the New York Academy of Design.
There was a focus amongst those who stayed on Deerfield's history, and this was reflected in the establishment in 1870 of the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, which actively collected local artifacts, which formed the basis of the Memorial Hall Museum, which opened to the public in 1880.
This local interest in heritage served as the setting for the founding of the Deerfield Society of Blue and White Needlework.
Whiting and Miller carefully examined historical crewel embroidery of the area as found in the possession of residents and in Memorial Hall Museum.
Whiting and Miller formed a cooperative, the Deerfield Society of Blue and White Needlework, in which the stitching members shared in the proceeds of the sales.
Eventually, between 25 and 30 women, ranging in age from 19 to 70, actively participated in the Society at a given time.
The time that would be needed to complete each element of each pattern was determined, so workers who were quick and precise would be at an advantage.
Prices for completed items were based on the cost of the materials, the time to design a project, and the stitching time.
Both Whiting and Miller, using their design training, soon developed new designs, and eventually started using threads in other colors, such as greens, madder (red), and fustic (yellow).
Whiting and Miller used vegetable dyes in order to create the colors of the wool threads, and handwoven linen fabric was bought for use as the background from Berea College and weavers in Vermont and Georgia.
The Society's founding had an impact on other craft revivals in the town: rag rugs and linens were woven, baskets were woven by two groups, one that called themselves the Deerfield Basket Makers and another at the north end of town, the Pocumtuck Basket Makers.
It can be seen from Google Maps as rows of trees curving around the former mining village and parts of Cannock Chase District to the Chase Line.
Margarethe Jacobson was born in Königsberg in 1858, the daughter of Julius Jacobson (or Jacobsohn), an eye specialist, and Hermine Haller Jacobson, an opera singer.
She studied piano, cello, voice, and composition as a young woman, in Prussia and later in Berlin with Woldemar Bargiel and Robert Hausmann.
She was active in the German peace movement before World War I, and involved with the Alliance for Radical Ethics; the Quiddes also founded an organization for animal welfare.
In 1933, Ludwig Quidde fled to Switzerland, in fear of Nazi persecution for his pacifism and other affiliations; Margarethe stayed in Munich to care for a sick sister.
In April 1998, Allemann was elected to the Grand Council of Bern and was the youngest female member ever elected in a Swiss Cantonal Council.
In 2003, she was elected to the National Council with 56,118 votes after she led a campaign alongside her Young Socialists running mates Mirjam Minder, Patric Bhend and Nasha Gagnebin.
She first sat in the Legal Affairs Committees, then in the Transports and Telecommunications Committees and then in the Security Policy Committees.
On March 25th, 2018, she was elected to the Executive Council of Bern with 99,902 votes and took the direction of Justice, Communal Affairs and Church Affairs.
It has smooth bark, glossy green, lance-shaped, curved or elliptical leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish green or glaucous, broadly lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves that are long, wide and petiolate.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between nine and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels up to long.
The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level or below it.
It also occurs from coastal areas such as the Mornington Peninsula to all but the highest altitudes in the Australian Alps.
Rawnsley is a former mining hamlet and was served by the mineral line from Hednesford to Burntwood which carried minerals to the mines around the area.
The names of the neighboring peaks have a devil-related theme: Black Prince Mountain, Lucifer Peak, Mount Mephistopheles, Devils Dome, Mount Diablo, Satan Peak, and Devils Spire.
The Open Insulin Project is a biohacking project to develop a free and open source procedure to produce insulin in an attempt to combat high prices for commercial insulin supplies.
The project aims to create a process to manufacture generic medical-grade insulin products that could then be approved by the FDA.
Alex Lamontagne (born July 27, 1996), is a Canadian footballer who plays as a forward for FC Fleury 91 at the Division 1 Féminine.
She then comitted to the Syracuse University where she spent the next four seasons, playing over 70 matches, scoring 10 goals and notching 8 assists.
Internationally, Lamontagne represented Canada U20s at the 2015 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship where her team finished in second (just behind the United States) and qualified for the 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup which she also participated representing Canada.
The vehicle landed aboard the autonomous spaceport drone ship Of Course I Still Love You approximately eight and a half minutes after launch.
Normally, first stages supporting CRS missions land at LZ-1, however a failed static fire of a Crew Dragon contaminated the landing pad.
On 14 December 2019 Delorme was appointed as the first woman director of the Conservatoire de Paris in its 224-year history, to start in the position on 1 January 2020.
Delorme participated in the Aix-en-Provence Festival in 2000 and the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels in 2003, returning to the Aix-en-Provence Festival in 2008.
During this period, Delorme developed artistic cooperation projects around the Mediterranean Basin, creating the MEDiterranean INcubator of Emerging Artists (Medinea) network and heading the European Network of Opera Academies (ENOA).
On 14 December 2019, Delorme was appointed as the first woman director of the Conservatoire de Paris since its creation in 1795.
Grudytė was born on 9 July 1986 in the city of Šiauliai, Lithuanian SSR, but periodically stayed with relatives in the village of Kaltinėnai.
The series turned out to be very popular and was shot until 2015, and the audience noticed a beautiful girl who was even called a potential sex symbol of Lithuania.
The high popularity and constant employment of the actress became the cause of family quarrels, so the couple soon broke up, while Grudytė took her six-month-old daughter.
Mojca Senčar (4 April 1940 – 26 May 2019) was a Slovene physician who specialized in oncology, palliative care, and the regulation of euthanasia.
After her retirement and completing treatment for breast cancer, she took over the management of the Slovenian branch of Europa Donna.
During the later years of her life, she was particularly vocal about the importance of palliative care and the regulation of euthanasia.
Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne secured their fifth consecutive title by defeating Joan Hartigan and Edie Niemeyer 7–5, 6–2 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1940 Australian Championships.
Nicolò Grimaldi brought the score with him when he came to London, and had considerable say over how the music was selected and adapted for a new London version.
This development came about as a result of an increasing taste for Italian style opera seria, with no comic scenes at all.
The first season saw performances on 23 and 30 March, 1, 15, 18, 21 and 28 April, and 2, 5, 12, 23, 30 May 1710.
The original cast was Nicolo Grimaldi (Idaspe), Giovanni Cassani (Artaserse), Valentino Urbani (Dario), Lawrence (Arbace), Isabella Girardeau (Mandane) and Margherita de L’Epine (Berenice).
Performances were held in the second season on 22, 25 and 29 November, 2, 20, 27 and 30 December 1710, followed by 7, 10 and 17 February, 4 and 7 April and 30 May 1711.
The scene in which Idaspe (dressed in a flesh-coloured costume to simulate nakedness) strangles a lion caused a sensation and ensured that the opera achieved a tremendous box office success, despite the unusually high price of the tickets.
The lion... accepts the challenge and there is a struggle, Hydaspes and the lion pausing in the combat while Hydaspes declares his love for Berenice and explains matters generally in florid Italian singing.
Charles Rayne Kruger was born on 29 January 1922 in at Queenstown, in the Eastern Cape, the son of an unmarried 17-year-old daughter of a British Army officer.
The hamlet is a very rural area of Cannock Chase District and is most notable for being the location of the Four Crosses Inn Pub.
The Fosters Professional was the final name of a series of snooker tournaments which ran for five editions from 1984 to 1988.
She represented the Netherlands in athletics at the 1980 Summer Paralympics, at the at the 1984 Summer Paralympics and at the 1988 Summer Paralympics.
At the 1984 Summer Paralympics she won the gold medal in the women's long jump B1 and bronze medals in the women's high jump B1 and women's 100 metres B1 events.
There is also traces of the former mineral line which ran through the area to Norton Junction from the Chase Line.
Located next to Belgrade Main railway station, it was considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings and symbols of the city.
Built in Serbo-Byzantine Revival, Post Office was mostly destroyed by Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II and later reconstructed in 1947 in Stalinist architecture which was favored by the new Communist regime.
Marvel's ABC television series are a set of interconnected American television series created for the broadcast network ABC, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics.
Produced by Marvel Television and ABC Studios, they are set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and acknowledge the continuity of the franchise's films and other television series.
Starring Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson, reprising his role from the films, the series debuted in September 2013 and will run through its seventh season in 2020.
Development on any future series was halted when Marvel Television was folded into Marvel Studios in December 2019, though ABC remained committed to featuring Marvel content and began discussions with Marvel Studios for a new series shortly after.
By July 2012, Marvel Television had entered into discussions with ABC to create a show set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
The first two episodes of the series were set to premiere in IMAX theaters in September 2017 for two weeks, before airing on ABC with the remainder of the series.
Despite this, ABC remained committed to featuring Marvel content, and ABC Entertainment president Karey Burke said in January 2020 that the network was beginning talks with Feige and Marvel Studios about what a potential Marvel Studios series on ABC would be.
Coulson and members of his team are eventually abducted to the future, where they must try and save humanity while figuring out how to get home.
Jed Whedon, Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell act as the series' showrunners, while Clark Gregg reprises his role from the films as Phil Coulson.
The series was renewed for a second season on May 8, 2014, a third on May 7, 2015, a fourth on March 3, 2016, a fifth on May 11, 2017, a sixth on May 14, 2018, and a final seventh season on November 16, 2018; the sixth and seventh seasons consist of 13 episodes each.
The third season, which premiered on September 29, 2015, introduces the Secret Warriors team, featuring new Inhuman characters inspired by the comic of the same name, as well as Life Model Decoys.
Several actors reprise their MCU film roles in the first season: Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury, Cobie Smulders as Maria Hill, Maximiliano Hernández as Jasper Sitwell, and Jaimie Alexander as Sif.
In 1946, Peggy Carter must balance the routine office work she does for the Strategic Scientific Reserve while secretly assisting Howard Stark, who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States.
Carter eventually moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new atomic age, gaining new friends, a new home, and potential new love.
Tara Butters, Michele Fazekas, and Chris Dingess act as showrunners on the series, while Hayley Atwell reprises her role as Peggy Carter.
The series was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2015, and was officially canceled by ABC on May 12, 2016.
The first season, which premiered on January 6, 2015, introduces the origins of the Black Widow and Winter Soldier programs, which both appear in several MCU films.
James D'Arcy portrays Edwin Jarvis, Stark's butler in the series who eventually serves as inspiration for Tony Stark's artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S.
After a military coup, the Inhuman Royal Family, led by Black Bolt, escape to Hawaii where they must save themselves and the world.
The series' first two episodes were filmed entirely on IMAX digital cameras, and aired on IMAX screens for two weeks beginning September 1, 2017.
ABC then broadcast the series weekly starting with the first two episodes on September 29, with the network airing of the first two episodes featuring exclusive content, outside of the versions screened on IMAX.
Ben Sherwood, president of Disney–ABC Television Group, added that the theatrical debut of the series was timed to not interfere with the release of any Marvel Studios films.
Adrianne Palicki and Nick Blood entered into discussions to headline the potential new series as their characters Bobbi Morse and Lance Hunter, respectively.
A year later, Channing Dungey revealed that Ridley's project was still progressing, with Ridley working on a rewrite of his script.
The show follows the overworked and underpaid clean-up crew of the Marvel Cinematic Universe that specializes in dealing with the aftermath of superhero conflicts, rescheduling events because of the conflicts, and retrieving lost items.
The series was being developed by Ben Karlin for ABC Studios and Marvel Television, with Karlin writing the script and serving as executive producer.
In September 2018, ABC gave a production commitment to a series featuring lesser-known female superheroes, written and executive produced by Allan Heinberg.
She represented Austria at the 1988 Summer Paralympics and she won two bronze medals: in the women's 100 m A4A9 and women's 200 m A4A9 events.
The Saturn/Lyulka AL-34 was an unbuilt turboshaft/turboprop engine for helicopters and light aircraft proposed by the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
The engine was the proposed power plant for the Sukhoi Su-86 eight-passenger business airplane, the Myasishchev M-101T Gzhel business jet, the ROS-Aeroprogress T-101 Grach nine-passenger aircraft, and the derivative T-108 Zolotoy Orel nineteen-passenger aircraft.
An version of the engine was originally proposed for the Mil Mi-54 helicopter, and the AL-34 was the auxiliary engine designed to provide an air cushion for the EKIP flying saucer (a lifting body aircraft).
A former student at the École Nationale d'Administration, he joined the Court of Audit in 1948 upon his completion of school.
He was on the cabinet of Pierre Guillaumat from 1958 to 1959, and President of the Société des pétroles d'Afrique equatoriale from 1959 to 1966.
Additionally, he served as CEO of Sofiran from 1967 to 1974, director general of Union Générale des Pétroles from 1960 to 1964, director of external relations for ERAP from 1966 to 1974, which would become Elf Aquitane, and the president of the board of directors of the French Institute of Petroleum from 1974 to 1986.
He was decorated with a Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 and was a member of the Legion of Honour, as well as president of the alumni association for the École nationale d'administration.
November 1384, 1385, February 1388, September 1388, January 1390, 1393, January 1397, 1402, 1410, 1411, May 1413 and November 1414 and for Lostwithiel in 1391.
Elizabeth Ngugi (died 2015) was a Kenyan Professor of Community Health at the University of Nairobi, and a nurse by trade.
Ngugi studied at Columbia Pacific University for her BA and Masters in Nursing Administration from 1983-1985, and earned a PhD in social work in 1989.
In 1986 she became a lecturer in the School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, and was promoted to the position of Kenyan national AIDS coordinator.
Ngugi was involved in an international collaboration in Nairobi to engage with sex workers and help them to tackle sexual transmitted diseases.
She joined in 1984 in the role of a nurse, and made efforts to reach out to sex workers instead of stigmatising them.
Much of Ngugi's research focused on these vulnerable communities, and she provided them with medical care, advice and free condoms in return for participation.
By helping the sex workers to collectively demand condom use from their clients, their utilisation has soared from 4% to 90%, even though men often offer more money for unprotected sex.
In 1991 she became director of the collaborative HIV/AIDS effort with the University of Manitoba, a role she held until 2006.
Ngugi was promoted to Associate Professor of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba in her final year of directorship.
In 1992 Ngugi established HerStory (initially as the Kenya Voluntary Women Rehabilitation Centre) to support sex workers to escape prostitution with training, support and microfinance.
Ngugi and Frank Plummer from Manitoba published a study indicating levels of long-lived HIV resistance among Kenyan sex workers who work in Majengo, Nairobi.
Ngugi decried the fact that these women contribute so much to research but are still living in poverty and must sell their bodies to survive.
She also led the implementation of government efforts against HIV/AIDS including the building of ten drop-in centres for vulnerable populations in Northern/Eastern Kenya.
In contrast to American Ninja Warrior, the NNL provides multiple competitions each season for athletes as young as 6 years old under a unified rule set.
The defining characteristic of ninja is that athletes must complete all of the obstacles in a predetermined order consecutively without falling.
In the National Ninja League, one's score is the number of obstacles that they cleared and the time that it took to complete those obstacles.
This requires the athlete to focus on a number of different skills and quickly adapt to new concepts, as many obstacles are brand new to the competitors.
Ninja competitions generally take place at dedicated training facilities, many of which are owned by competitors who started on American Ninja Warrior.
The National Ninja League was created by Chris and Brian Wilczewski, competitors on American Ninja Warrior and owners of the Movement Laboratory training facility, in the fall of 2015 as a way for competitors and fans of the show to have a unified off-season league between taping seasons.
The first season had 15 qualifying events at 12 affiliate facilities and culminated in a World Championship at the Movement Laboratory in Hainesport, New Jersey in February 2016.
The first championships for youth athletes were held at the Gymnastics Academy of Fairfield (Connecticut) for the Kids and Preteens divisions and iCore Fitness in West Chester, PA for the Teen division.
Due to the popularity of ninja among youth athletes, two additional divisions - Mature Kids and Young Adults - were added the following season.
The league has rapidly expanded from 12 affiliate facilities in Season 1 to over 80 affiliate facilities in Season 5 in 27 states and 6 countries.
At a National Ninja League qualifying competition, each athlete will run an obstacle course consisting of 10-20 obstacles in a predetermined order.
Athletes receive only one attempt at each obstacle (with the exception of the Warped Wall) and must advance from the start platform to the finish platform with whatever means are available to them.
The athlete in each division that advances the farthest into the course in the fastest amount of time, or the athlete that completes the entire course in the fastest amount of time, is declared the winner.
The top three athletes in each division qualify for the annual World Championship at the end of the season; athletes that have already qualified defer their spots to the next available athlete.
One hallmark of the National Ninja League compared to other ninja organizations is that competitors cannot be told the path by which they must defeat an obstacle.
For instance, on a set of monkey bars, the athlete cannot be told that they must touch each bar, start on the first bar, and/or finish on the last bar.
Athletes can only be told the start and finish platforms, what they can and cannot use, and whether they can only use their hands or feet on a specific part of the obstacle.
Occasionally, several obstacles will be linked together, in which case the athlete clears one obstacle in a set of obstacle by hand or foot placement on the next obstacle; the series of obstacles must ultimately finish on a finish platform.
Each season ends with the World Championship, a three-stage event in which competitors must complete all obstacles of each stage within the time limit to advance to the next stage.
Prior to 2019, the World Championship was split between an adult event and a youth event, both at a dedicated ninja facility.
The 2019 event, hosted by Real Life Ninja Academy, was held at the XL Center Exhibition Hall in Hartford, Connecticut with both youth and adult athletes competing.
Starting with the 2020 World Championship, the National Ninja League is the sole hosting entity with the tradition of hosting all age divisions in a convention center continuing at the Greensboro Coliseum Special Events Center in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Launched in spring 2018, the Rec Ninja League is designed for beginner to intermediate athletes that might not be ready for the challenges that an NNL course would provide.
The Rec Ninja League operates in a similar manner to the NNL with the same rules surrounding obstacles with the exception that each course is 10 obstacles long, 9 of which are easier than a standard NNL course, and the athlete will attempt each of the 10 obstacles for points.
The athlete in each division and region that accrues the most points over multiple competitions will be crowned Obstacle King/Queen, and the top three athletes that did not qualify for the previous season's World Championship earn qualification to the following season's World Championship.
In its second season, the Rec League had over 500 athletes, many of which competed in their first regular season NNL competition in the ensuing season.
For instance, if the athletes in first, third, and fifth places have already qualified, the qualification spots go to the athletes in second, fourth, and sixth place.
He won the gold medal in the 200 metres 4 event, the silver medal in the 100 metres 4 event and the bronze medal in the 400 metres 4 event.
The Baptist Churches in Vietnam has its origins in an American mission of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1959, in Ho Chi Minh City.
The Baptist Evangelical Convention of Paraguay has its origins in a mission of the Evangelical Baptist Convention of Argentina in 1919.
The Baptist Union of Trinidad and Tobago has its origins in the first Baptist church founded in 1816 by freed slaves from United States.
The Liberia Baptist Missionary and Educational Convention has its origins in an American mission of the Richmond African Baptist Missionary Society in 1821.
The Nepal Baptist Church Council has its origins in a British mission of the BMS World Mission and the Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India in 1962.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 30 March 2019, starting in a 2–0 Segunda División B away win against Salamanca CF UDS.
He made his first team – and La Liga – debut on 14 December, starting in a 2–0 home defeat of CA Osasuna.
The 2018–19 Algerian Women's Championship was the 21st season of the Algerian Women's Championship, the Algerian national women's association football competition.
AS Sureté Nationale won the competition after a close battle with Affak Relizane, winning the league by one point after a final day victory against ASE Alger Centre.
SMB Touggourt finished bottom of the league after failing to gain a single point, losing all 22 of their fixtures with a goal difference of -129.
In previous seasons, the league season had been split up into East and West sections, with the top six teams qualifying for a final championship round to determine the overall league champion.
The 2018-19 season introduced a new, more straight-forward double round-robin, with the winner being the team with the most points after the 22 game season.
The beaten finalists of the previous season's league cup, FC Constantine won the competition after a 2–1 victory against last season's winners AS Sureté Nationale.
Elizabeth Lucy Corbett is a British epidemiologist who is Professor of Tropical Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
In 1992 Corbett completed her membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) before earning a Diploma of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 1996.
She moved to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine for her postgraduate research where she earned her PhD from the University of London in 2000.
Corbett joined the faculty at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in 2000 and moved to Harare, Zimbabwe in 2001.
Corbett decided to start in Zimbabwe as the country has quality medical education and good public health infrastructure, and Corbett recruited scientists and technicians from the local community.
Corbett worked with the World Health Organization HIV Department in Geneva to investigate the access that healthcare workers in African countries have to HIV testing and care.
Since 2009 Corbett has worked as an Epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and part of the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust program based in Blantyre.
She has since lobbied Unitaid and Population Services International to provide self-testing in six African countires, raising over $72 million to support research and community-level implementation.
She has investigated whether sputum microscopy or X-ray based diagnostics could be used to diagnose cases of tuberculosis in communities impacted by high rates of tuberculosis and HIV, as well as whether HIV self-testing should be offered to people who have tuberculosis-like symptoms.
Corbett has served on various advisory boards within the World Health Organization, including membership of the Strategic & Technical Advisory Group.
Of these, 65.5% spoke Ukrainian, 15.6% Yiddish, 10.9% German, 5.2% Polish, 2.4% Russian, 0.1% Czech and 0.1% Bashkir as their native language.
Marvel's young adult television series are two interconnected American web television series in the young adult genre, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics.
Produced by Marvel Television and ABC Signature Studios, they are set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and acknowledge the continuity of the franchise's films and other television series.
At San Diego Comic-Con 2011, Marvel Television head Jeph Loeb announced a series based on the Marvel Comics characters Cloak and Dagger was in development at ABC Family.
In April 2016, the series received a straight-to-series order at Freeform (the new name of ABC Family) from ABC Signature Studios and Marvel Television.
In August, Marvel Television announced that Hulu had ordered a new series based on the comics group the Runaways, and the studio had also begun development on a half-hour comedy series based on the New Warriors team, featuring the character Squirrel Girl.
He said Marvel had wanted to cross the two series over since their first seasons, and this was possible now since Hulu became Disney controlled in May 2019 (Disney already owned Freeform).
Loeb added that Marvel Television's push into the young adult genre was in response to Marvel Studios' films doing the same with Spider-Man.
Later on the run from their parents, the teenagers live on their own and figure out how to stop the Pride, before learning there might be a mole hiding among them.
The pilot was written by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, who also serve as executive producers and showrunners of the series.
In February 2017, Marvel announced the Runaways acors, with Rhenzy Feliz as Alex Wilder, Lyrica Okano as Nico Minoru, Virginia Gardner as Karolina Dean, Ariela Barer as Gert Yorkes, Gregg Sulkin as Chase Stein, and Allegra Acosta as Molly Hernandez.
Shortly after, they announced the Pride—the parents of the Runaways—actors, with Ryan Sands as Geoffrey Wilder, Angel Parker as Catherine Wilder, Brittany Ishibashi as Tina Minoru, James Yaegashi as Robert Minoru, Kevin Weisman as Dale Yorkes, Brigid Brannagh as Stacey Yorkes, Annie Wersching as Leslie Dean, Kip Pardue as Frank Dean, James Marsters as Victor Stein, and Ever Carradine as Janet Stein.
Hulu officially ordered the series in May 2017, then for a second season in January 2018, and a third in March 2019; this was announced as the final season on November 8, 2019.
In New Orleans, Tandy Bowen and Tyrone Johnson, two teenagers from different backgrounds, acquire superpowers after a life-changing event that revolved around the collapse of an oil platform.
As their relationship unfolds, they soon realize that their powers work better when they are together, but their feelings for each other make their already complicated world even more challenging.
Tandy and Tyrone later work to solve the abductions of women run by Andre Deschaine while dealing with Detective Brigid O'Reilly's vigilante half Mayhem.
In January 2017, Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph were cast as Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak, respectively.
Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl, Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal, Dwayne Taylor / Night Thrasher, Robbie Baldwin / Speedball, Zach Smith / Microbe, and Deborah Fields / Debrii, are superpowered young people with abilities very different from the Avengers, who want to make a positive impact in the world even if they are not quite ready to be heroes.
By the end of August 2016, Marvel Television and ABC Studios were developing a half-hour comedy series based on the New Warriors team and featuring Squirrel Girl.
In July 2017, the cast was revealed with Milana Vayntrub starring as Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl and Derek Theler as Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal.
In November 2017, it was announced that the series would no longer air on Freeform and was being shopped to other networks, with Marvel hoping to be able to air the series in 2018.
Adventure into Fear was a set of American web television series planned for the streaming service Hulu, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics.
Produced by Marvel Television and ABC Signature Studios, they were to be set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and acknowledge the continuity of the franchise's films and other television series.
Following the cancellation of all Marvel's Netflix television series, Hulu ordered a set of interconnected new series from Marvel based on fear-focused Marvel properties in May 2019.
Several more series were in development for the banner, but Marvel Television stopped work on these when it was folded into Marvel Studios in December 2019.
In May 2019, after all of Marvel's Netflix television series were cancelled by that service, Marvel Television announced that two new series based on Ghost Rider and the siblings Daimon and Ana Helstrom had been ordered straight-to-series by Hulu, which had recently become majority-controlled by Marvel's parent company Disney.
The intention was to build an interconnected universe between the two series in a similar fashion to the world created for Marvel's Netflix shows, while telling standalone stories that fit within the wider MCU.
The series cast, headlined by Tom Austen and Sydney Lemmon respectively as Daimon and Ana Helstrom, was announced in early October with the start of production in Vancouver.
Escajeda was drawn to the series' conflicted characters and horror tone, and said that she would be targeting both existing fans of the property and general audiences with the series.
In high school, she began to play in regional competitions, and by age 18 had travelled widely in Syria as a performer.
She was asked to learn a Western instrument to play in the Syrian National Symphony Orchestra, but continued to study the oud instead.
To prepare for a solo performance at the next Festival de l’imaginaire, Bouhassoun travelled to Aleppo to train further as a singer wth traditional musicians.
In 2010, Bouhassoun moved to Paris to begin a masters' degree in ethnomusicology researching Syrian Druze funerals, supervised by the ethnomusicologist Jean Lambert.
The project provides employment for refugee musicians, and teaches refugee children traditional music from their countries of origin, allowing for the preservation of cultural heritage and positive personal opportunities for participants.
Of these, 83.4% spoke Ukrainian, 10.6% Yiddish, 2.6% Russian, 1.3% Polish, 1.2% German, 0.5% Belarusian and 0.3% Czech as their native language.
Internationally, she represented Canada U17s at the 2008 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship where her team finished third and qualified for the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup which Mottershead also participated representing Canada.
In 2012, Mottershead was part of the squad that represented Canada at the 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament where the Canadians finished second (just behind the United States) and, therefore, qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Marina Carobbio Guscetti (born 12 June 1966 in Bellinzona, Ticino) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (DPS) of which she has been the vice-chairwoman since March 1st, 2008.
She was a deputy to the Grand Council of Ticino from April 1991 to March 2007, before she became a National Councillor on June 4th, 2007.
She sat in the Science, Education and Culture Committees of the 47th Parliament, then in the Finance Committee and the Drafting Committee of the 48th Parliament.
Julien Jâlal Eddine Weiss (October 18, 1953—January 2, 2015) was a French musician, composer and the founder of Al-Kindi Ensemble, a Sufi musical group based in Aleppo, Syria.
Born on October 18, 1953 in Paris to a Swiss-German mother and an Alsatian father, Julien Weiss, a guitarist of classical training which he learned from École Normale de Musique de Paris as a student, had fallen in love with Arabic music in 1976 when he met Munir Bachir, the Iraqi grand master of the oud (oriental lute).
Abandoning the oud for the qanûn, a sort of oriental zither which he had learned from great masters in various countries of the Middle East, Julien Weiss had founded in 1983 the instrumental ensemble Al-Kindi conceived as a takht (grouping of soloists) devoted to music of the Arab world.
Three years later, in 1986, he converted to Islam and took the name Julien Jâlal Eddine Weiss as a homage to Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī.
During his career, Weiss performed at more than five hundred concerts, notably at the Théâtre de la Ville de Paris, the Institut du monde arabe in Paris, the Beiteddine Festival in Lebanon, Carnegie Hall in New York, and at Nuits de Fourvière in Lyon, as well as in cities such as Hong Kong, São Paulo, and Washington.
Mia Hubert is a Belgian mathematical statistician known for her research on topics in robust statistics including medoid-based clustering, regression depth, the medcouple for robustly measuring skewness, box plots for skewed data, and robust principal component analysis, and for her implementations of robust statistical algorithms in the R statistical software system, MATLAB, and S-PLUS.
Hubert earned a diploma in mathematics in 1992 from the University of Antwerp, and obtained her Ph.D. in 1997 at the same university.
The effort was launched as an initiative of the Tribune Publishing Company by its chairman, David Dreier, at the National Press Club Journalism Institute in June 2019.
The FJM Foundation is housed at the National Press Club Journalism Institute, the club's non-profit educational affiliate, with Barbara Cochran serving as president of the foundation.
Dreier, who is a former member of the United States House of Representatives (1981-2013) and a longtime champion of press freedoms, has said that he looks forward to leading this multi-year effort to its completion.
On June 25, 2019, a bipartisan and bicameral group of members of the United States Congress introduced the Fallen Journalists Memorial Act of 2019 (H.R.
In accordance with the Commemorative Works Act of 1986, the FJM project will be funded with private donations.In the House of Representatives, Grace Napolitano (D-California) and Tom Cole (R-Oklahoma) sponsored H.R.
In the Senate, Rob Portman (R-Ohio) and Ben Cardin (D-Maryland) sponsored S. 1969, which has been referred to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
On September 24, 2019, representatives from the FJM Foundation, including President Barbara Cochran, testified before the National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission in support of a permanent memorial to fallen journalists.
On December 4, 2019, the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands heard testimony on the memorial from Cochran and Congresswoman Napolitano.
On January 15, 2020, the House Committee on Natural Resources voted to advance the Fallen Journalists Memorial Act so that the legislation will be considered by the full House of Representatives.
Henry Landor (1815 – 6 January 1877) was the first medical superintendent of the Asylum For The Insane, London, Ontario, which was built to his specifications.
Earlier in life, he was a settler, farmer, physician, scientist, and explorer in Western Australia, and then he became a naval surgeon in South Africa.
Landor and his brothers Edward Wilson Landor, a lawyer, and George W Landor, arrived in the Colony of Western Australia on 27 August 1841.
He took it upon himself to gather as many aborigines as he could to look after them properly, and he applied unsuccessfully for government money for a hospital, though received some funds for medical treatment.
Knight and Landor established a corn-mill in December 1841 and were among the first to introduce Merino sheep to Western Australia.
In 1842, Henry Landor and Henry Maxwell Lefroy explored to the east of King George's Sound (Albany), taking with them to help translate, the 10 year old aboriginal boy Cowitch, who was living in the Landor household.
In 1845, he took up a position as Government Surgeon to the British Naval Forces at Cape Coast Castle, Capetown, South Africa.
From 1868 to 1870, he was appointed medical superintendent of the Malden Lunatic Asylum in Amherstburg, and then in 1870 he became the first Medical Superintendent, Asylum For The Insane, London, Ontario, which was built to his specifications.
The cottages were small satellite buildings on asylum grounds which eased overcrowding and afforded greater freedom of activity to chronic, quiet patients.
In 1852, he married Mary Shaw in Stockport, England and they had 10 children, the first four of which were born in Norwich and the rest in London, Ontario.
Emil Armin (1 April 1883 – 2 July 1971) was an American artist known for his use of vibrant color and brushwork.
Armin began drawing at the age of five and presumably learned woodcarving from his father, Hirsch Lieb, who was an amateur artist.
He was raised by older siblings until he got a full-time job at a restaurant at age 14 and moved into the home of the owner.
After a restaurant patron encourage him to attend art school, he moved to Chernivtsi in 1901 at age 18 to study art.
In 1905, Armin emigrated to the United States, to join his brother Sigmund and his sister Frieda in Chicago, where he continued to draw sketches whenever he could while unhappily working in a wealthy cousin's store.
Armin began his studies at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1908, and he continued working and studying whenever possible, even through periods of great economic struggle.
In 1916, having saved four hundred dollars from his many jobs, he transitioned from taking only night classes to taking day classes as a full-time student, pausing only once during World War I to take a job making artillery harnesses at eighteen dollars a week.
In the Spring of 1920, at age 36 and twelve years after he first enrolled in a night class, Armin graduated.
In his work, Armin synthesized contemporary artistic trends with inspiration drawn from his Jewish roots and from the peasant traditions of the American Southwest and his native Eastern Europe.
After finishing his studies, Armin joined a group of artists, including Gertrude Abercrombie, Francis Strain and Charles Biesel, at the 57th Street Art Colony in Hyde Park, near Stony island Avenue, where he lived and worked until 1925.
(This group of artists was called the Fifty Seventh Street Group and were also known as the Jackson Park Colony.. Other notable artists that joined included Frances Foy, Gustaf Dalstrom and Beatrice S.
He then briefly moved to the North Side of Chicago, where he worked and lived at 927 Sunnyside Avenue before permanently relocating back to the South Side on Harper Avenue in Hyde Park.
In the 1930s he entered the Grant Park Art Fair, and he worked as an easel painter for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
It was also in 1940 that Armin, along with other local Jewish artists, formed the American Jewish Art Club and continued to exhibit with them until his death.
Expanding his horizons beyond Chicago, Armin also traveled to work, briefly relocating to Dayton and making trips to the Indiana Dunes, the Wisconsin Dells, New Mexico, Maine and later in life to Lake Chapala in Mexico.
Over time, Armin was able to make a modest living as an artist, selling his art and making ends meet with occasional jobs teaching art, including working with the Jewish Board of Education and teaching at Hull House.
Following his graduation in 1920, Armin became an active member in Chicago's emerging modernist art community, which emphasized freedom of individual expression as its sole doctrine.
In 1913, Armin had visited the controversial Armory Show when it was exhibited at the Art Institute, and he fell under the sway of European and American modernism.
Inspired by the modernist movement, Armin and other Chicago artists formed their own open and free groups—including The Introspectives, the Cor Ardens, Chicago No-Jury Society of Artists, and Neo-Arlimusc—to provide an alternative to the conservative Art Institute of Chicago.
Active in all of these groups, Armin exhibited in every one of the No-Jury Society's shows beginning with the second, and eventually served as president of the Society.
In 1945, at the age of 65, Armin married Hilda Rose Diamond, a social worker for the Jewish Family and Community Service in Chicago.
Al-Radd 'ala Ashab al-Hawa (), better known as al-Sawad al-A'zam 'ala Madhhab al-Imam al-A'zam Abi Hanifa (, ), is a book written by al-Hakim al-Samarqandi, and is considered as the oldest theological work in accordance with the Maturidite school, after Kitab al-Tawhid (The Book of Monotheism) by Abu Mansur al-Maturidi.
In it al-Hakim al-Samarqandi has developed sixty-two credal statements, and states that the failure to observe them means that one cannot be regarded among the majority of Muslims (al-Sawad al-A'zam), an idea which he based on the Hadith containing al-Sawad al-A'zam (the great majority).
The text is a particularly important work in the development of Hanafi-Maturidi theology, as it attempts to faithfully represent the theological beliefs of Abu Hanifa two centuries after his death to a Persian/Central Asian audience then wrestling with the rise of Mu'tazili thought.
The text was well-circulated in the centuries after its composition, both in the original Arabic and a Persian translation, along with a later Turkish translation during the Ottoman era.
Al-Sawad al-A'zam had been commissioned in the early part of the tenth century by Isma'il b. Ahmad (r.279/892–295/907), the real founder of the Samanid polity in Transoxiana and Khurasan, in order to define the parameters of the Sunni 'orthodoxy' the Samanids were committed to upholding.
Blunt in style and authoritarian in tone, al-Sawad al-A'zam was in effect a Hanafite catechism consisting of responses to a large number of doctrinal questions.
Like Tafsir al-Tabari, it was translated anonymously, indicating that its contents were not tied to any individual authorial view but rather represented the collective position of the Hanafite theologians of Transoxiana.
According to the introduction, the purpose of al-Sawad al-A'zam was to counter the growth of sectarianism in the Samanid realm by setting out clearly the consensus of the theologians of Central Asia regarding specific points of Hanafite doctrine.
As a result of the acceptance and influence of this statement of belief, the Turkic tribes north of Transoxiana were converted to Hanafism, including the Oghuz Turks, who would eventually become the great Seljuk rulers of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Anatolia during the 11th to 13th centuries.
The EP was dedicated to the victims of the Christchurch mosque shootings with proceeds from the sale of the EP to go to Muslim families affected by this event.
Of these, 76.7% spoke Ukrainian, 10.8% Yiddish, 6.6% Polish, 2.5% Russian, 1.6% Czech, 1.5% German, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.
Fortress construction on the site of the monastery of the Great Lavra (Holy Forty Martyrs Church) existed during the First Bulgarian Empire.
It is assumed that the walls of Trapezitsa and Momina Krepost, as well as the five walls that surrounded the New Town, were raised at such height.
The palace is built on three levels, including the Throne Building, the Royal Rooms, other residential and administrative halls, cellars, water reservoir.
He has built several significant churches in the city:Orthodox Church Of Saint Marina,Church of St Constantine and Helena,Church Of Saint Nikolas.,Church Of Saint Spas and Church Of Saints Cyril and Methodius.
Characteristic of the early Renaissance houses is a stone ground floor and a stone or tiled floor and they have arched stone entrances, large wooden porches.
In this house, and in the house above St. Constantine and Helena Church, on the terrace and railings for preserved carving elements.
Other iconic buildings: Sarafka House (built in 1861; five-storey wooden parapet of eight wooden columns with curved iron sticks enclosing the elongated eighth space of the lobby), Monkey House (built in 1849), Cocoon Anastasia House, Consular Houses and more.
They notice a new composition center - a lobby or lounge (glazed porch), a ground floor - a reception with an internal staircase and a covered yard for business.
Revival houses that have been partially or completely rebuilt to date are:The house of cocoon Anastasia,The house with the monkey(rebuild 1976),The house of Boris Denev,The house of the architect,The consular houses The Bay House Sarafkina House and others.
The bourgeois houses are characterized by the replacement of the block construction with solid, stone and brick, the wooden joist with arches, iron beams and reinforced concrete construction.
Since the beginning of the century, houses and public buildings have been built in the city, which have elements of modernism and Western European Baroque.
These types of buildings are arrays, with a different concept of the master or group of architects who designed the buildings.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the New Denver Glacier on the north slope drains into tributaries of the Slocan River.
She competed in cross-country skiing and she won two medals: the silver medal in the women's 3x5 km relay B1-3 event and the bronze medal in the women's short distance 5 km B2 event.
Of these, 60.5% spoke Ukrainian, 16.0% Yiddish, 9.2% Polish, 8.9% German, 3.2% Russian, 1.7% Czech, 0.3% Belarusian and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
Blake Chandler Sandoval (born April 6, 1997), known by his stage name Yung Pinch, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Huntington Beach, California.
When he was five years old, he tried to live with his mother, but it did not work out so he returned to living with his grandparents.
Sandoval was a responsible teenager, being the man of the house and looking after his grandmother as she worked 12 hours shifts as a nurse.
He has also opened up and done shows with Migos, Playboi Carti, Lil Uzi Vert, Young Thug, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Nipsey Hussle, and Ty Dolla Sign.
Because his hands were so small he would pinch the blunt, he was called a nickname that would eventually become his rap moniker.
Because his parents suffered from drug addiction, he does not do any drugs other than smoking quality cannabis and doing Lean, which he often references in his songs but admits that he does not publicly promote it.
He is best known for pioneering studies in the field of fluorescent chemosensors and co-founding Illumina, Inc., a biotechnology company in San Diego.
Czarnik worked at Ohio State University until 1993, when he was offered a position as Director of the Bio-organic Chemistry Group at Parke-Davis Research Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In April 1998, Czarnik co-founded Illumina, Inc., a biotechnology company now traded on NASDAQ and specializing in sequencing, genotyping and gene expression with David Walt, John Stuelpnagel, Larry Bock, and Mark Chee.
Czarnik later filed a patent law case in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging four counts against his former employer, including reputational harm for correction of named inventor under 35 U.S.C.
Anthony Czarnik is a founder of RenoCares, a charity that provides support to alcohol and drug addicts convicted of misdemeanors in the form of financial aid for rehabilitation treatment, counseling, and psychological services.The organization is managed by the Community Foundation of Western Nevada.
Since 2016, annual Czarnik Awards are given for exceptional work in the area of chemosensors at the International Conference on Molecular Sensors and Molecular Logic Gates (MSMLG).
In 2003, Czarnik gave an outline of a practical method for monitoring how chemosensors can be used to track glucose levels for diabetic patients.
On November 7, 2019, she became the youngest player ever to debut for the Canada women's national soccer team when she replaced Jordyn Huitema in the 86th minute of a match against Brazil in the Women's International Tournament played in Chongqing, China.
She is Professor Emerita in Language Education at Aston University (UK) and Professor of TESOL at the University of New South Wales (Australia).
The TESOL International Association named her one of the '50 at 50', leaders who had made a significant contribution to TESOL in its first 50 years.
She received a Bachelor of Arts with Honors in English Literature from the University of Wales (1966); PhD, Macquarie University (1994); and Master of Education, also from Macquarie University (1996).
She was formerly the Director of Applied Linguistics and Language in Education Research Centre, Macquarie University (2005–2010), and Dean of Linguistics and Psychology at Macquarie University (2000–2005).
Currently she holds named chair appointments and distinguished professor appointments at several academic institutions in the UK, Australia, and Hong Kong.
Some other recent appointments include Academic Adviser in Applied Linguistics Series, Oxford University Press (2012–present), chair of the TESOL Research Standing Committee (2009–present), Chair and Editor for AILA Applied Linguistics Series (AALS) (2014–2016).
Burns has published extensively in the field of TESOL on the teaching of speaking and grammar from a genre/Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective.
She is internationally known for her pioneering work in action research for language teachers, many of whom have focused on genre-based pedagogy in EAP/ESP.
Burns' edited book with Caroline Coffin, Analysing English in a global context (2001, Routledge), was part of a Masters in Education and Masters in Applied Linguistics Program offered respectively by the Open University (UK), and Macquarie University (Australia).
In addition, with Helen Joyce, she adapted the three part Teaching-Learning Cycle (Callaghan and Rothery 1988) to a four part cycle relevant to TESOL (Hammond et al, 1992).
With Jenny Hammond and Helen de Silva Joyce, she conducted two national AMEP projects on the teaching of speaking from a genre/SFL perspective in language classrooms.
Much of the action research she has conducted with teachers in Australia has included research on genre-based pedagogy/text-based syllabus design and the applications of SFL in the language classroom.
Since 2010, she has been a consultant through English Australia and Cambridge Assessment English to the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) sector for their annual Action Research in ELICOS Program.
In 2019, English Australia established an annual award, The Anne Burns Action Research Grant, to acknowledge an ELICOS institution that has taken up or integrated action research as part of their curriculum or staff professional development program.
Clémence Botino (born 22 January 1997) is a French model and beauty pageant titleholder from Guadeloupe who was crowned Miss France 2020.
She will now represent France in either Miss World 2020 or Miss Universe 2020, or both if the dates do not collide.
The fourth seeds Nancye Wynne and Colin Long started their streak of four consecutive Australian Mixed Doubles titles by defeating the defending champions Nell Hopman and Harry Hopman 7–5, 2–6, 6–4, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1940 Australian Championships.
The Suckers is a 1972 American sexploitation film directed by Stu Segall under the pseudonym Arthur Byrd, and written by Ted Paramore (credited as Edward Everett).
The only surviving print of the film, from a 1976 re-release, appears to contain at least two instances of missing footage.
This print appears to feature at least two instances of missing footage, which take place during Vandemeer's hunt for other characters.
She graduated from UMKC Conservatory of Music and earned a Bachelor for Music - Vocal Performance and a Bachelor of Music Education.
Lyons has written, produced, and performed music which has been licensed in over 150 studio films, network television series, and trailers.
Her 2019 record release, The Light Within: Songs for Yoga, Healing, & Inner Peace debuted at number 3 on the Billboard New Age albums Chart.
2020 in the Philippines details events of note that have occurred, or are scheduled to take place, in the Philippines in the year 2020.
On November 15, 2019, the government announced at least 18 Philippine holidays for 2020 as declared by virtue of Proclamation No.
Schuler beat Daniel Dieudonne 4-3 and Ronni Beniesch 4-0 before losing 0-4 to Anthony Hamilton at the Euro Players Tour Championship 2010/2011 – Event 1.
Mark Williams made am official maximum break during his 4-0 defeat of Schuler at the Euro Players Tour Championship 2010/2011 – Event 3.
The Bras à Pierre is a tributary of the Saint-Jean river, flowing in the municipality of L'Anse-Saint-Jean, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
Airola became new leader of the 5 Star Movement in the Senate on 15 October 2014, taking over from Vito Rosario Petrocelli.
After the 2017 Turin stampede in the Piazza San Carlo, Airola disputed the estimate of the number of injuries caused by the crowd, claiming to be false figures disseminated in order to attack the mayor Chiara Appendino.
On August 16, 2018 he attempted suicide in his bathroom at home in the Borgo Aurora neighborhood in Turin, but was saved by his sister who called 118.
Collier did a BSc in Zoology, a MSc in Applied Entomology and a PhD looking at a group pest caterpillars, the cutworms.
In 2010 she was appointed Director of Warwick Crop Centre and in 2019 she was appointed Professor at the University of Warwick.
In 2011 Collier received the Marsh Horticultural Science Award from the Marsh Christian Trust in recognition of her undertaking important research in the field of horticulture.
Collier was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Veitch Memorial Medal in 2018 for outstanding contribution to advancing the science and practice of horticulture.
Collier's research looks a new techniques to control insect pest insects of horticultural crops, in particular the use of integrated pest management.
Her work has looked at how to deter pest insects away from food crops to prevent them feeding and causing economic damage, such as such as by providing green areas near the crop on which for them to land, by companion planting with flowering plants such as clover to draw insects away from brassicas, or by applying volatile compounds to change the scent profiles of food crops.
She contributes to the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board's pest bulletin, which updates growers around the UK with forecasts and alerts for insect pest species of fruit and vegetables.
In an Instagram livestream on December 3, 2019 Halsey announced that she was releasing two new songs and a music video on Friday December 6, 2019.
The video was directed by Patrick Tracy and showcases Halsey performing the song on a guitar in two different bar settings.
Before sowing is undertaken, it’s a custom to place a pillar (known as 'pookare kamba') in the middle of the paddy field.
Because eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and because DNA replication by DNA polymerase requires the presence of an RNA primer that is later degraded, eukaryotic cells face the end-replication problem.
This problem makes eukaryotic cells unable to copy the last few bases on the 3’ end of the template DNA strand, leading to chromosome—and, therefore, telomere—shortening every S phase.
Measurements of telomere lengths across a variety of cell types in people at various ages suggest that this gradual chromosome shortening results in a gradual reduction in telomere length at a rate of approximately 25 nucleotides per year.
The telomere-shelterin complexes that cap all eukaryotic chromosomes ensure that healthy cells can progress through the cell cycle by preventing the cellular DNA damage response from identifying chromosome ends as double-stranded breaks (DSBs).
Regarding DSB repair, eukaryotes generally use two strategies: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which involves rapid reattachment of the broken ends; and homologous recombination (HR), which involves the use of a homologous DNA sequence to repair the break.
Meanwhile, Rif2 and Rap1 inhibit NHEJ: knocking out Rif2 or Rap1 results in longer telomeres as measured by PCR, indicating that NHEJ occurred.
These knockout strains (unlike strains lacking functional CST or Rif1) continue to cycle, further suggesting that Rif2 and Rap1 are not involved in inhibiting checkpoint activation.
Analogously, proteins that bind to human telomeres as part of the shelterin complex enable cell cycle progress and prevent erroneous DSB repair.
POT1 protein binds to ssDNA, prevents checkpoint activation through inhibiting ATR recruitment, and prevents HR; RAP1, a GTPase, binds to dsDNA and prevents HR; and TRF2 protein (also known as TERF2) binds to dsDNA, prevents checkpoint activation through inhibiting ATM recruitment, and prevents NHEJ.
TRF2 is unique among these proteins in its role in the formation and maintenance of T-loops: lariat structures formed by the folding of the ssDNA overhang back onto the dsDNA.
As telomeres shorten, as a natural consequence of cell division or due to other factors, such as oxidative stress, shelterin proteins lose the ability to bind to telomeric DNA.
When telomeres reach a critically short length, there are no longer enough shelterin proteins to inhibit checkpoint activation, although NHEJ and HR generally remain inhibited at this point.
For example, researchers should investigate the mechanism by which proteins involved in the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, such as p53, are activated by shortened telomeric ends.
Resolving the question of why cancer cells have short telomeres led to the development of a two-stage model for how cancer cells subvert telomeric regulation of the cell cycle.
First, the DNA damage checkpoint must be inactivated to allow cells to continue dividing even when telomeres pass the critical length threshold.
As a result of the continued division past the point of normal senescence, the telomeres of these cells become too short to prevent NHEJ and HR of chromosome ends, causing a state known as crisis.
The application of these DSB repair mechanisms to chromosome ends leads to genetic instability, and while this instability can promote carcinogenesis, it induces apoptosis if experienced for too long.
Thus, cancer cells have short telomeres because they progress through an intermediate stage of telomere shortening—caused by division after DNA damage checkpoint inactivation—before enabling mechanisms for maintaining telomere length.
Two concerns with applying telomerase inhibitors in cancer treatment are that effective treatment requires continuous, long-term drug application and that off-target effects are common.
For example, the telomerase inhibitor imetelstat, first proposed in 2003, has been held up in clinical trials due to hematological toxicity.
Although telomerase activation does not occur during the cell cycle of normal somatic human cells, the association between telomere elongation (especially elongation by telomerase) and tumor development emphasizes the importance of understanding when such elongation can occur during the cell cycle.
They then used α factor to block cells with induced short telomeres in late G1 phase and measured the change in telomere length when the cells were released under a variety of conditions.
They found that when the cells were released and concurrently treated with nocodazole, a G2/M phase cell cycle inhibitor, telomere length increased for the first few hours and then remained constant.
The 2019–20 Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders women's basketball team represents Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Islanders are led by seventh-year head coach Royce Chadwick, and play their home games at the American Bank Center and the Dugan Wellness Center, as members of the Southland Conference.
6 seed in the Southland Women's Tournament, they defeated New Orleans in the first round, Nicholls in the quarterfinals, Stephen F. Austin in the semifinals, before losing a close game to No.
Founded in 1848, the original English Gothic church was completed in 1855 on Elm Street, on the site of a temporary chapel the parish built in 1849.
On February 24, 1848, a meeting was held by sixteen lay Episcopalians in New Haven, Connecticut to discuss the opening of a third Episcopal church in the city.
The first services were held in a room that belonged to Center Church on April 23, 1848, where they remained until 1849.
The congregation decided that a new, larger church would be built on the site of the existing chapel, and the last services in the chapel were held on March 12, 1854.
In 1923, the rector proposed that the church relocate to another part of New Haven, as since the founding of the church, Elm Street had become entirely commercial.
Wang Jun (252–314), courtesy name Pengzu, was a military general and warlord who lived during the Western Jin dynasty of China.
He was born to a concubine of Wang Chen of the prominent Wang clan of Jinyang (晉陽) county in Taiyuan (太原) commandery.
Although he became a target of Sima Ying as the War of the Eight Princes unfolded, he survived the chaos, ultimately supporting Sima Yue's faction.
At the time of the Disaster of Yongjia which saw the collapse of Jin control in northern China, he was one of Jin's few remaining provincial powers in the north.
However among claims of imperial ambitions and corruption, he clashed not only with northern tribal powers but also his Jin Dynasty colleague/rival Liu Kun (劉琨) the Inspector of Bingzhou, before his final defeat and death at the hands of Shi Le, who had previously won Wang Jun's trust.
Most guitar pickups are made with wire coiled around a magnet: the Fishman Fluence pickup is a solid core (2 Two 48-layer circuit boards) with a conventional magnet.
The company was able to control the consistency of the magnets, and the stacked solid core parts of their pickups to make each pickup sound the same.
At the Florence tournament he lost a close first round match to world number 37 Jordi Arrese, in a third set tiebreak.
Michelotti reached his best singles ranking of 213 in the world in 1993, with his performances that year including reaching the third and final qualifying round for the French Open and US Open.
As a representative of Italy he won three medals at the Summer Universiade during his career, a singles silver and doubles bronze in 1991, then another singles medal in 1995, this time a bronze.
The text is also mentioned in accounts of the Monijiao branch of Manichaeism (including its religious and political movement known as the White Lotus Society) from the Song dynasty.
He was named as the Shadow Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation in the Shadow Cabinet of Mmusi Maimane in June 2019.
He has been a member of the Portfolio Committee on International Relations and Cooperation (National Assembly Committees) since 27th June 2019.
Born before 1173, Stephen was the second of five sons of Count Rotrou IV of Perche and his wife Matilda, daughter of Theobald, count of Blois and Chartres.
It has sometimes been thought that Stephen and Geoffrey divided the Perche between themselves, but this is based on a misreading of a document of 1202.
By the early 1190s, Stephen held rights to a portion of the comital revenues of the manors at Rivray, Montlandon and Nonvilliers, the mills at La Poterie and the salt works at Nogent-le-Rotrou.
At some point prior to 1198, Stephen was granted temporary control of the lands of Fulk of Aunou in the Hiémois.
A little later in 1198, Richard granted Stephen a money fief and Stephen fought for Richard in the war with France that year.
In the autumn of 1201, when King John returned to Anjou after a circuit of the Duchy of Aquitaine, Stephen stood as a guarantor of the settlement reached between John and one of his most powerful Angevin vassals, Juhel III of Mayenne, who had supported John's rival for the throne, Arthur of Brittany, in 1199.
In March 1203 he decided not to rejoin the main army and went to southern Italy with Rotrou of Montfort and Yves of La Jaille.
In 1204, after the partition of the Byzantine Empire by the crusaders, the new emperor Baldwin I granted Stephen the duchy of Philadelphia in Asia Minor as an imperial fief.
Annette is a given name that is the diminutive of Anna, and has been used as a name of its own since the Industrial Age.
The tour began on May 17, 2019 in Phoenix, and is set to conclude on June 6, 2020 in North Little Rock.
On June 10, 2019, 11 more dates were added, marking the total number of shows to 82 in the first leg.
The New York Film Critics Online Award for Best Actress is an award given annually by the New York Film Critics Online.
The rivière à la Catin is a tributary of the Cami River, flowing in the municipality of L'Anse-Saint-Jean and Rivière-Éternité, in the Fjord-du-Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The lac à Catin area is served by Chemin du Lac à la Catin which connects to the west with Chemin du Lac Travers and Chemin du Lac Desprez.
The middle part of the Catin river valley is served by the Périgny road and the Lac de la Souris road, for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Catin River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The 9th Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts International Awards (commonly known as the AACTA International Awards) is presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA), a non-profit organisation whose aim is to identify, award, promote and celebrate Australia's greatest achievements in film and television.
Awards were handed out for the best films of 2019 regardless of the country of origin, and are the international counterpart to the awards for Australian films.
Olga Carmona García (born 12 June 2000) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a winger for Primera División club Sevilla.
Araújo started playing soccer and spent much of her time away from home to forget about problems at home after witnessing her alcoholic father beating her mother in a daily basis.
She later became a Jiu jisu teacher and transitioned to mma as she was tired of watching her father abuse her mother.
Araújo fought most of her early MMA career primary in Brazil and Japan, notable under Jungle Fight and Pancrase where she was the formal Pancrase strawweight champion prior signed by UFC.
She was named as the Shadow Deputy Minister of Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation in the Shadow Cabinet of Mmusi Maimane in June 2019.
Here, a state space is a discrete set of configurations of a system or solutions of a combinatorial problem, called states, together with a set of allowed moves linking one state to another.
In addition to her newspaper work, Moten-Foster is remembered as the first African American to broadcast from the United Nations, the first African American woman radio announcer in Indianapolis, and the first African American woman to host a television show in Indianapolis.
In the 1960s she participated in the civil rights movement and was arrested in Talladega, Alabama for riding at the front of a bus.
The Committee, established in 1975, was part of a broader upsurge in interest in Black history in Indiana during the 1970s.
The committee intended to publish two books, but the project stalled and Moten-Foster instead completed one of the books, a cookbook, herself.
The book built upon her experiences as a UN reporter in the 1960s, when she collected African recipes from many diplomats.
Moten-Foster's death was remarked upon, among others, by then-United States Representative Mike Pence, who read a memorial to her on the House floor.
During World War I, after first serving as a seaman, he was moved to the navy's photographic division and assigned to accompany President Woodrow Wilson's first trip to Europe.
He was known for his ability to get difficult shots: On one occasion, he got footage while strapped to a plane's fuselage.
During World War II, he joined the Navy (after serving for many years in the reserves), earning the rank of lieutenant commander.
He died in his room at the Ambassador Hotel in Washington, D.C., in 1944; the cause of death was noted as a heart attack suffered after a bout of pneumonia.
Vidyardhi is a 2004 Telugu language romantic-drama film directed by Balachari, who worked as an assistant director for S. Shankar and Bhagyaraj.
The 2019–20 Sam Houston State Bearkats women's basketball team represents Sam Houston State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Bearkats, led by second year head coach Ravon Justice, play their home games at the Bernard Johnson Coliseum as members of the Southland Conference.
This a list of the 320 members of the 18th legislature of the Italian Senate, they were elected in the 2018 Italian general election and assumed office on 16 March 2018.
Meng Zhizhong (; 16 December 1934 – 14 December 2019) was a Chinese weather satellite expert and senior technical consultant at the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology.
In 1958 he was sent to study at the Institute of Automatic and Remote Control, Russian Academy of Sciences at the expense of the government.
In 1968 he became director of Computer System Department at the Satellite Telemetry and Telecontrol Base, but having held the position for only one year.
In 1970, he was appointed deputy director and chief engineer of Shanghai Huayin Machine Factory, which is a satellite assembling factory.
The successful launch of the satellites FY-1A and FY-1B made China the third country to successfully develop a Sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite.
On 22 October 2019, after progressing through AFC Wimbledon's academy, Madelin made his debut for the club in a 1–0 loss against Burton Albion.
Georges Mikataudze (born 31 October 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for French Ligue 1 club Metz.
Mikataudze made his professional debut with FC Metz in a 4-1 Ligue 1 loss to OGC Nice on 7 December 2019.
Millar became Deputy Secretary of the Washington State Department of Transportation in October 2015, and was installed as Acting Secretary after Lynn Peterson, the previous secretary, was removed by the Washington State Senate.
La Petite Rivière (English: The Little River) is a tributary of the Cami River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lalemant and in the municipality from Rivière-Éternité, in the Fjord-du-Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
In 1991, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland, starting from the expert post to the head of division, and then deputy director of the Department of Consular Affairs and Polish Diaspora.
Since 2005, he was back in Warsaw at the Department of Consular Affairs and Polish Diaspora, as head of division and deputy director.
Ending his service there in 2013, he returned to the MFA Department of Cooperation with the Polish Diaspora, as head of division and deputy director.
On 28 August 2018, he was nominated Poland ambassador to Macedonia (since 2019 North Macedonia), presenting his letter of credence on 6 December 2018.
Ibudhou Thangjing Temple or Lord Thangjing Temple is a grand ancient temple dedicated to Lord Eputhou Thangjing, the ancient national deity of ancient kingdom of Moirang (present day Moirang city).
The best time to visit the temple is from May to July during the onset of the great mega music and dance religious festival of Lai Haraoba.
The temple is the place where the great Khamba Thoibi dance was performed for the first time according to the famous legend.
Nell Cora Kruegel Irion (1877–1964) was an American politician and suffragette who served as superintendent of schools in Bonner County and was the first woman to run for Congress in Idaho.
In 1920 she was nominated by the Democratic Party on the first ballot for Idaho's first congressional district, but was defeated in a landslide by incumbent Representative Burton L. French with 34,654 votes to 15,218 votes.
In 1936 she was elected to Sandpoint's city council and in 1939 she ran for mayor of Sandpoint, but was defeated by incumbent Mayor Malcolm P. McKinnon by 99 votes.
Following her husband's death in 1960 she began to wear male clothing before her own death in 1964 at age 87.
The men's tournament of Ice hockey at the 2011 Asian Winter Games at Astana, Kazakhstan, was held from 28 January to 6 February 2011.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games cauldron is a structure at the New Clark City Athletic Stadium in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines and was made for the 30th Southeast Asian Games with National Artist Francisco Mañosa responsible for the design.
It was lit for the Opening Ceremony of the regional games which was held at the Philippine Arena in Bocaue, Bulacan.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games cauldron including its backdrop and podium was designed by Mañosa & Co. Inc. (MCI) of Filipino architect and National Artist Francisco Mañosa.
Mañosa himself was involved in the design porcess despite him already in poor health and in early stages of dementia when his family firm was approached by the Philippine Southeast Asian Games Organizing Committee (PHISGOC) in January 2019 to design a cauldron for the games.Despite unable to draw by that time, Mañosa was able to give direction regarding the design of the cauldron verbally.
The cauldron was originally planned to be high so that the flame would be visible from inside the Athletics Stadium but the planned height was reduced to .
The Philippine Southeast Asian Games Organizing Committee (PHISGOC) requested a budget of for the cauldron from the Philippine Sports Commission which handled the fund provided by the national government for the organization of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games.
Days leading to the 2019 Southeast Asian Games the construction of the cauldron was met with criticism due to its cost.
The cauldron was lit up for the opening ceremony of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games at the Philippine Arena in Bocaue.
A live video of the lighting was to be supposed to beamed at the indoor arena during the ceremony but a pre-recorded video of the act by boxers Manny Pacquiao and Nesthy Petecio was shown instead as a contingency against anticipated bad weather expected from the then-incoming onslaught of Typhoon Kammuri (Tisoy).
The fire in the cauldron was extinguished after Salvador Medialdea declared the games closed during the closing ceremony of the games which was held at the New Clark City Sports Hub itself.
The Ministry of Astronautics Industry of the People's Republic of China () was a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for the management of research, design and production of rockets, missiles and spacecraft.
On April 12, 1988, the People's Republic of China merged its Ministry of Aviation Industry and Ministry of Aerospace Industry to form the Ministry of Astronautics Industry.
The 2020 24 Hours of Daytona (formally the 2020 Rolex 24 at Daytona) was an endurance sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA).
This event was the 58th running of the 24 Hours of Daytona, and the first of 12 races across multiple classes in the 2020 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, as well as the first of four rounds in the 2020 Michelin Endurance Cup.
Prior to the start of the 2020 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, a series of regulation changes were made, including changes to driver eligibility for the secondary prototype class in the series, the Le Mans Prototype class (LMP2).
The rule change stated that each LMP2 team is only allowed to enter one Platinum-rated driver across the entire season, and it must be for the opening round at Daytona, due to the 24-hour-length of this round.
A requirement for a Bronze-rated driver for the full season was also passed for the LMP2 class, in addition to the removal of the 24 Hours of Daytona as a points-scoring event for the class, instead only being a round for Michelin Endurance Cup Points.
Four months prior to the event, on September 19, 2019, Scott Atherton announced retirement from his position as the President of the International Motor Sports Association at the end of 2019.
He had held that role since the merger of IMSA's American Le Mans Series with the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series in 2014.
One month following that announcement, then-director of Mazda's motorsports program in North America, John Doonan, was confirmed to be Atherton's replacement.
On December 20, 2019, IMSA published a technical bulletin regarding the Balance of Performance (BoP) constraints for the 24 hour event, as well as announcing a revised process for adjusting said constraints from race to race.
In the Daytona Prototype International (DPi) class, the Cadillac DPi-V.R was made 20 kilograms heavier, bringing the car's weight to 950 kilograms.
The Mazda RT24-P was given a five kilogram weight increase, bringing the total weight to 910 kilograms, 40 kilograms lighter than the Cadillac.
Mazda Team Joest set the fastest time in the second of the two qualifying sessions in the #77 RT-24P, with a 1:35.794, set by Olivier Pla, as the #77 went on to top the time sheets, having the fastest time of all the entries.
The #77 was followed up by the #55, setting a time of 1:35.874, also in the second session, set by Oliver Jarvis.
Sporting two cars, #4 and #5, the #4 set the best time of 1:45.009, placing sixth and seventh in the GTLM field.
The AIM Vasser Sullivan Lexus RC F GT3 set the fastest time of the 1:47.031, with the Grasser Racing Team's #11 Lamborghini Huracán Evo GT3, setting a 1:47.353, followed by the second of the AIM Lexus GT3 cars, third in the GTD class.
The DPi class-leading Mazda Team Joest car from day 1 decreased on their times drastically, to the point that Olivier Pla, who had the fastest time during the first day, set a unofficial time of a 1:33.324, beating the outright track record set by Oliver Jarvis in the 2018 24 Hours of Daytona.
The field was rounded out by the JDC-Miller Motorsports Cadillacs in sixth and seventh and the Wayne Taylor Cadillac last in the DPi field.
Risi Competizione's James Calado set a best time in the GTLM field of a 1:42.685 in the Ferrari 488 GTE, edging out Nick Tandy by a thousandth in the Porsche GT Team 911 RSR 19, which is also making a first time appearance, in a revised trim of the 911 RSR.
The #12 AIM Vasser Sullivan Lexus RC F GT3 set the best time in GTD with a 1:46.754, followed by the #86 Meyer Shank Racing Acura NSX GT3 at a 1:46.873.
Juan Pablo Montoya in the Team Penske #6 Acura ARX-05c was able to lead the first practice with a time of a 1:49.719, completing only six laps.
Olivier Pla in the #77 Mazda RT-24P placed second close behind the Acura setting a 1:49.956 on the car's final practice lap.
In LMP2, David Heinemeier Hansson was the fastest driver in the category setting a 1:52.193 in the #8 Tower Motorsports Oreca 07.
Though not fastest initially, the #912 Porsche 911 RSR 19 was able to best the Corvette Racing C8.R's who started the second practice fastest in the GTLM field by the end of the session.
The #912's time was a 1:42.508, which was under three tenths of the record in GTLM set by Nick Tandy in the previous generation 911 RSR.
The top two were followed by Lamborghinis, with the GRT Grasser Car in third and the #48 Paul Miller Racing car in fourth place.
Oliver Jarvis placed the #77 Mazda RT-24P on the pole position for the 58th 24 Hours of Daytona, with a time of 1:33.711, besting the rest of the field by four tenths, but failing to beat the track record he set last year by .026 thousandths.
The sister #7 Team Penske Acura driven by Ricky Taylor would cause a red flag at the bus stop chicane which would shorten the session slightly.
Securing a pole position in the LMP2 class was the #52 PR1/ Mathiasen Motorsports Oreca 07 with a time of 1:37.446, driven fastest by Ben Keating.
Henrik Hedman set a time of 1:37.728 for the #81 DragonSpeed Oreca 07, and the #8 Tower Motorsports Oreca 07 placed third on the starting grid, with John Farano having a best time in the car of a 1:39.279.
The #911 Porsche 911 RSR 19 besting its sister #912, driven by Nick Tandy to first place in class as well as beating the GTLM lap record at Daytona set by himself.
The #912 911 RSR 19 settled for second place with a 1:42.256, after taking the lead in the GTLM class earlier, driven fastest by Laurens Vanthoor.
The #3 C8.R would get within three tenths of the Porsches with a 1:42.545 by Antonio Garcia, but could not catch up to the Porsches.
Phillip Eng would set a time for the #25 BMW Team RLL M8 GTE for fifth best in class at 1:42.941, with the sister car #24 M8 GTE setting a time in the low 1:43's.
1.4 seconds off the lead was Alessandro Pier Guidi in the Risi Competizione Ferrari 488 GTE, which starts at the back of the GTLM grid.
Pfaff Motorsports will lead the GTD field to the green flag, as Zacharie Robichon posted a 1:45.237, which also happened to be a new record at Daytona in the GTD category.
Next the leading Porsche 911 GT3 R will be the #63 Scuderia Corsa Ferrari 488 GT3 Evo, as Jeff Westphal drove the car the fastest to a time of 1:45.713.
However, at the end of the session, the #96 Turner Motorsport BMW M6 GT3 driven by Robbie Foley set a 1:45.872.
The #96 BMW M6 GT3 was followed by the #11 GRT Grasser Racing Team Lamborghini Huracan GT3 Evo and #88 WRT Speedstar Audi R8 LMS, who were fifth and sixth respectfully.
The #23 Heart of Racing Aston Martin Vantage GT3's penalty was changed, with the five minute penalty applying to the next practice session rather than qualifying.
Another Cadillac DPi followed behind him, with Renger Van Der Zande setting a 1:35.246 in the #10 Wayne Taylor Racing Cadillac DPi-V.R.
The #5 Mustang Sampling JDC-Miller Racing Cadillac rounded out the top three cars in the DPi class, with Joao Barbosa clocking a 1:35.478 time.
Colin Braun in the #81 DragonSpeed Oreca 07 was second and Ryan Dalziel in the #8 Tower Motorsports Oreca 07 rounded out the top three in LMP2.
Augusto Farfus in the #24 BMW M8 GTE was able to post a 1:43.611, good enough for second in the 48 laps it ran in total.
The sister #25 BMW was in the garage to fix a broken fuel pump, and only managed to complete 11 laps.
Towards the end of both of the Porsches runs, both struck drama, with the #16 Porsche 911 GT3 R pulling off the track in the infield and the #9 Porsche 911 GT3 R ending its session without power en route to the pit box.
The #48 Paul Miller Racing Lamborghini Huracan GT3 Evo rounded out the top three in GTD, with Andrea Caldarelli posting a 1:46.216.
The Cadillac success from last practice carried over to the next day for the final practice of the Rolex 24, which was a day before the race.
Second in the DPi class was Helio Castroneves in the #7 Team Penske ARX-05c, which recovered well, sustaining its speed from its earlier sessions despite crashing in qualifying the previous day.
The #8 Tower Motorsports Oreca 07 was the fastest in the LMP2 class, with Nicolas Lapierre setting a 1:37.230 to lead the class.
However, the car would also cause a red flag that would end the session, as the #38 crashed into the tire barrier at turn six, with the car's underbody leaned on top of the barrier.
Corvette Racing's Antonio Garcia would set the fastest time of all the GTLM's in the #3 C8.R, with a time of 1:42.962, overtaking the dominant #912 Porsche 911 RSR 19 later in the session.
The #912 Porsche driven fastest by Earl Bamber was 0.6 off the pace upon Antonio Garcia taking first in the practice.
In GTD, only three cars participated in the final practice, with the #11 GRT Grasser Racing Team Lamborghini Huracan GT3 Evo setting a best class time of 1:46.308, driven by Franck Perera.
The Black Swan Racing Porsche 911 GT3 R, after being rebuilt overnight after heavy damage also took to the track, with Jeroen Bleekemoelen running the Porsche to a 1:46.467 lap.
The surface of Lapel Creek is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The piece contains seven movements, each of which quotes the last words of an unarmed black man before he was killed.
It was premiered in 2016 by the University of Michigan Men’s Glee Club under the direction of Eugene Rogers, and has been performed by the Tallahassee Symphony Orchestra (with The Village Square, the Florida A&M Concert Choir, and the Morehouse College Glee Club) and the Boston Children's Chorus.
The women's tournament of Ice hockey at the 2011 Asian Winter Games at Almaty, Kazakhstan, was held from 28 January to 3 February 2011.
The 1997 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 1996 and the beginning of 1997.
Caffarel is recognized for the development of a Systemic Functional Grammar of French which has been applied in the teaching of the French language, Discourse analysis and Stylistics at the University of Sydney.
Caffarel graduated from the University of Sydney in 1991 with First Class Honours in Linguistics and was recognised for her research on the semantics of French tense which was published in 1992.
Her first academic appointment was at the University of Sydney in 1996 as Associate Lecturer which was then was converted into a tenured full time lecturing position in 1998.
Since joining the French Studies Department in 1996, Caffarel has expanded the linguistic curriculum and taught a number of linguistic units on language development, language teaching methodology, functional grammar, discourse analysis, ideology in news, and stylistics.
In addition to her work in expanding the linguistic curriculum in the Department of French Studies, Caffarel has published a number of books and book chapters on French grammar.
Halliday, in the foreword to her 2006 mongraph, described her contribution to theory in the following way: The consistent interplay between theoretical and applied pursuits has always been a defining feature of systemic functional theory, where no clear line is drawn between application and theory and each is a souce fo positive input to the other.
The result is a description which penetrates to the heart of the language, revealing it at one and the same time as a specimen of the human semiotic and a unique resource for the continuous creation of meaning.
(Halliday, 2006: i)Her work has been used as an instrumental resource in the discourse analysis and interpretation of French texts, and her work has also been used as a model for developing descriptions of other languages from a Systemic Functional perspective.
In addition to her ongoing description of French as a tool for the analysis of meaning, from 2005 to 2010, Caffarel also worked with a number of Systemic Functional Linguistics researchers from universities around Australia on an international news project which analysed the coverage of news on the Middle East in various languages, looking at ideology and text structure.
Caffarel's current work focuses on developing the first comprehensive account of the language of the influential French writer and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir.
This project aims to elucidate Beauvoir’s use of language as a mode of action and tool for change by analysing recurrent linguistic choices that are significant to her philosophy and to the communicative force of her writings.
It explores the aspects of Beauvoir’s language that, on the one hand, contribute a particular vision of the world that promotes freedom and change, and, on the other hand, extend agency and transcendence to her readers.
He became president of the group Meilleurs Ouvriers de France, artistic crafts adviser for numerous Ministers of Culture, and author of diplomas for French national education.
Mette Abildgaard Juulsager (born 12 October 1988 in Føvling at Brædstrup near Horsens) is a Danish politician who is a member of the Folketing and the group chairman of the Conservative People's Party.
The rock shelter, among small peripheral caves is situated around above the Lone River valley bottom, north of the towns of Rammingen and Öllingen, Heidenheim district in the central Swabian Jura, southern Germany.
Among Mesolithic and Neolithic stone tools and artefacts numerous bone fossils, that date back 50,000 to 70,000 years were found, making the location the oldest known settlement complex of Neanderthals in southern Germany.
In a thorough excavation of the central rock shelter down to the rock bottom, rich sediments of cultures of the younger Paleolithic (Aurignacian and Magdalénien) were dug out and examined.
The quality and composition of these Neolithic objects suggests, that the site was only used as a temporary shelter by the local Homo sapiens population.
In 1908, in a small test excavation Tübingen scholar R. R. Schmidt dug a control profile in order to probe the western hatching of the cave, which however only brought limited stratigraphic results.
Just west of the large entrance hole, which had only been made by Ludwig Bürger during the 1883/84 excavation, these reached a depth of up to three meters.
The actual Paleolithic entrance location of the cave, named ( - the small gate) by Wetzel, could be determined after a broad connection between the newly found and exposed layers and the inner cave sediments was discovered.
In 2017, the cave was included in the UNESCO World Heritage list as part of the Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura.
After previews from 23 October 1995, the musical opened on 30 October 1995 at the Queen's Theatre in London's West End.
On 13 November 2019, after progressing through AFC Wimbledon's academy, Awoyejo made his debut for the club in a 3–1 EFL Trophy loss against Southend United.
In December 2019, Awojeyo joined Isthmian League South Central Division club South Park on loan, scoring on his debut on 7 December 2019, in a 4–2 victory against Bracknell Town.
It is native to Latin America, in particular Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, but has been recorded as a possible invader on other continents.
Independent Battery E, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
That fall, Battery E transferred to the Western theater where it fought in the battles of Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ringgold Gap.
The years 1864–65 saw the unit take part in the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman's March to the Sea, and the battles of Averasborough and Bentonville.
Organized at Point of Rocks, Md., from a Company formed for 63rd Pennsylvania and surplus men of the 28th Pennsylvania Infantry September, 1861.
The A-League Coach of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best adjudged A-League manager each of the season.
Mike Dugan is an American politician who is currently serving in the Georgia State Senate, as the Republican Majority leader representing the 38th District.
The Emblem of Himachal Pradesh is the official state seal used by the Government of Himachal Pradesh and is carried on all official correspondences made by State of Himachal Pradesh.
He wasn't a champion like his other teammates, as he replaced Ron Braunstein at second position, who was a medical student at the time and had to miss the World championships that year.
The 1947 Howard Bison football team was an American football team that represented Howard University as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Edward Jackson, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record, finished fourth in the CIAA, and outscored opponents by a total of 122 to 54.
Maxime Minot (born 20 July 1987) is a French Republican politician who has represented Oise's 7th constituency in the National Assembly since 2017.
It is situated in the southern part of Valhalla Provincial Park, south of Devils Couch, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake.
In keeping with the Valhalla theme, this peak's name was submitted February 1970 by Robert Dean of the Kootenay Mountaineering Club for consideration, and it was officially adopted March 3, 1971, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Nkabinde was born on December 7, 1975 in Soweto in Gauteng, South Africa in the midst of apartheid and six months prior to the Soweto uprising.
Nkabinde’s mother, Sibongile, went into labor without her husband present because he was a truck driver who worked away from home.
While rushing, Mamtshali left her dompas behind, so she was aggressively arrested by police, and a neighbor had to transport Sibongile to the hospital.
Mamtshali was also pregnant at the time and went into an early labor at the same hospital as Sibongile because of the aggressive force used by police officers.
On the day of Nkabinde’s birth, there were multiple deaths in their family, including their twin brother, paternal grandmother, and maternal uncle.
Academic Ruth Morgan, who has worked closely with Nkabinde, reports that they had intentions to release a book about their experiences as a transgender man before their death.
As Nkabinde’s life was cut short during this journey, it is unsure which gender pronouns would best reflect their gender identity.
Initially, they resisted until they were bombarded with voices, dreams, and other supernatural forces that urged them to give into becoming a sangoma.
A woman came to them in their dream and told them to stop being stubborn because they were destined to perform this work.
Once Nkabinde began to train as a sangoma, their trainer said that their lesbianism would be gone by the end of the process.
Within the book, they explain their familial history and culture, particularly the importance of their ancestors and how this impacts their life.
They explain how the male ancestor after which they were named is dominant, present in their life, and influences their sexuality, including their identity as a lesbian.
In 2004, Nkabinde joined Busi Kheswa to interview same-sex sangomas and presented this research with Ruth Morgan, the Director of the Gay and Lesbian Archives in South Africa (GALA).
Nkabinde explains that this interview work for GALA drastically altered their view of the world and changed the way they perceived their own culture and lifestyle.
During this episode, they explain their perspective as a lesbian sangoma on how they do not believe homosexuality to be un-African.
They spread awareness on the existence of LGBT sangomas in African culture and challenge the idea that the identities and lifestyles of those in the LGBT community are inherently un-African.
She is an associate professor in the School of the Arts and Media at the University of New South Wales, Australia.
Her research expertise includes multimodal communication, museum communication, discourse analysis, and systemic functional grammar, using the frameworks of Systemic Functional Linguistics, Social Semiotics, and Multimodal Discourse Analysis.
Ravelli completed a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Linguistics at the University of Sydney, Australia in 1985, followed by a Master of Philosophy in 1987 at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
She then held a position at the University of Wollongong, Australia for six years, before moving to the University of New South Wales (UNSW).
Her work is interdisciplinary and covers studies in systemic functional linguistics (SFL), corpus linguistics, multimodality, social media, online discourse and social semiotics.
From 2008 to 2012, Zappavigna was an Australian Research Council (ARC) Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Linguistics, University of Sydney.
In 2013, Zappavigna was appointed a Lecturer in the School of the Arts and Media at the University of New South Wales.
Since 2016, Zappavigna has been a Senior Lecturer in the School of the Arts and Media, University of New South Wales.
Major contributions by Zappavigna include work based on the discourse of Twitter, ambient affiliation and social semiotic multimodal approaches to social photography.
Zappavigna has published widely on the discourse of Twitter and has made major contributions to research on 'ambient affiliation' - how people bond online.
This book makes a major contribution to the study of hashtags as evaluative markers and expands upon Zappavigna's work on ambient affiliation.
In collaboration with Sumin Zhao from the University of Edinburgh, she has developed a new social semiotic multimodal framework for interpreting the selfie.
This framework has been applied to a diverse range of topics including selfies in mommyblogging, digital scrapbooks, decluttering vlogs on YouTube, and cyclist Instagram posts.
On 13 November 2019, Hayes made his debut for Fleetwood Town in a 5–2 EFL Trophy win against Oldham Athletic, becoming Fleetwood's youngest ever player in the process.
Greg Hsu (, born 31 October 1990), also known as Greg Han or Hsu Kuang-han, is a Taiwanese actor and model.
The first letter in the model name indicates the engine family fitted; in 1957 the Type D diesel engine was introduced in a model known as the DA.
A second generation FA/DA was introduced in 1964 and was built in Japan until 1980, when Hino replaced Toyota's heavier truck lines entirely.
The DA, however, was also built in numerous other countries and manufacture continued into the first decade of the 21st century.
Visible changes vis-a-vis the earlier BX and FX trucks were mainly limited to a new grille, but the F engine in the FA was upgraded, gaining ten horsepower for a total output of at 3000 rpm.
The heavier FA sold very well in a changing Japanese trucking market which was moving to larger loads and greater distances.
Also in February 1956, the FA5 was facelifted with a wider grille and equipped with a transmission with synchromesh on second through fourth gear (a first for the segment in Japan) and renamed the FA60.
The FC60 became the FC70 in January 1958, reflecting an increased compression ratio and a power increase to for the F engine.
The heavier part of the F-engined range was split into two in September 1959, with the FA80 and FA90 being built to handle respectively; these model codes were again maintained until the first generation was replaced.
The DA60 also prompted Toyota to introduce the new Toyota Diesel Store sales network, which remained until 1988 and was the exclusive distributor of Toyota's diesel-engined vehicles in Japan.
As with the petrol-engined models, the diesel lineup was split into the 5-tonne DA80 and the 6-tonne DA90 in September 1959.
In late 1961 (for the 1962 model year) the range was facelifted again, with a single-piece curved windshield replacing the earlier split unit.
With the sales of bonneted trucks slowing down in Japan at this time, reflecting ever more congested city streets, Toyota developed a cab-over version on a wheelbase.
Based on the medium-duty FC80 model, the new DC80C was presented in October 1963, fitted with the D-type diesel engine and a tilting cab.
The DC80C initially sold very well, but problems with the drivetrain as well as the chassis meant that it soon lost out to its competitors.
They sit on a wheelbase and were introduced in September 1964; the DA115C received the enlarged 2D diesel engine with .
There are also period brochures from 1963/1964 showing a model called the DA95C, using the 2D engine and a version of the DA115C cab with unusual additional small windows flanking the grille.
At the time of introduction, there were six main models available: The 100-series is a truck, fitted with either the F or the D engine.
The new models have a grille with four central openings flanked by six openings on either side, rather than the earlier seven-bar grille.
The DA/FA was also assembled in several other countries, however, including but not limited to Indonesia, Thailand, Kenya, and South Africa.
Indonesian sales began in 1969 under the auspices of Astra International until the formation of the Toyota Astra Motor (TAM) joint venture in 1971.
TAM built a dedicated plant for the FA/DA in 1973 and exported SKD kits to various countries, including Nigeria and Australia.
Indonesian models were facelifted in 1976 and post-facelift models were painted moss green as standard; they continued in local production until 1986.
She is Chair Professor and Head of Department of Communication and Media in the School of the Arts at the University of Liverpool and Visiting Distinguished Professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University (2017–2020).
She is the founding director of the Multimodal Analysis Laboratory of the Interactive and Digital Media Institute (IDMI) at the National University of Singapore (NUS).
She is widely known for her development of systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA) and its application in the realm of mathematical discourse and multimodal text construction.
Her current work involves the development and use of digital tools and techniques for multimodal analysis and mixed methods approaches to big data analytics.
Her early teaching career in mathematics led her to pursue a more sophisticated model of discourse analysis for the discipline of mathematics.
She received her PhD at Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia in 1996, and then held a postdoctoral position at Martin Luther University in Halle (Saale), Germany from 1997 to 1998.
Following her move to the National University of Singapore in 1998, where she initially worked in the Department of the English Language & Literature, she established (2007) and directed the Multimodal Analysis Lab in the Interactive & Digital Media Institute, and from 2012 to 2013, she was the Deputy Director of Interactive & Digital Media Institute.
gesture, movement, 3D objects and space) in texts, interactions and events, and her current work involves the development and use of digital tools and techniques for multimodal analysis and mixed methods approaches to big data analytics.
She is internationally known for developing systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA) approaches to mathematical discourse and multimodal texts (O'Toole 2012).
It was during her early work in her PhD, involving the multimodal analysis of classroom discourse and board texts in secondary school mathematics classrooms differentiated on the basis of social class and gender, that O'Halloran realised the value of computer programming for multimodal transcription and analysis.
Her first software program for SFL analysis (published in 2002 on CD-ROM) was developed with the assistance of another mathematician, Kevin Judd (University of Western Australia).
The software is being used for teaching and research in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Japan, Hong Kong, USA, United Kingdom, Brazil, Finland, Greece, Germany, Sweden and South Africa.
Charlyne is an English feminine given name that is a feminine form of Charles and an alternate form of Charleen and Charline.
On 22 October 2019, Emmerson made his debut for Oldham Athletic as an 85th minute substitute in a 2–0 win against Walsall.
Upon doing so, Emmerson became the second youngest player in English Football League history at 15 years and 73 days old, 28 days older than the record youngest player Reuben Noble-Lazarus.
It is between Frankfurt Stadion station and Frankfurt Airport regional station on the lines S8 and S9 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn commuter network.
A new tunnel was constructed under A5 motorway and Bundesstraße 43, with a new bridge over the Main Railway so that the existing Frankfurt Airport loop services could be diverted via the new station.
An opening ceremony was held on 9 December 2019, with public services beginning in the early hours of 15 December 2019—originally planned for 00:17, but delayed until shortly after 01:30.
To be included, a newspaper should be attested in a reliable source as an African-American newspaper published in Illinois on at least a biweekly or twice-monthly basis.
An estimated 190 Black newspapers had been founded in Illinois by 1975, and more have continued to be established in the decades since.
Most of population is concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, and most of the region's African American newspapers have likewise been concentrated in and near Chicago.
To be included, a publication must be described in reliable sources as an African-American newspaper, rather than a magazine, organization newsletter, or other specialty publication.
Suzanne Eggins is an Australian linguist who is an Honorary Fellow at Australian National University (ANU), associated with the ANU Institute for Communication in Health Care.
Eggins is the author of a best selling introduction to systemic functional linguistics and she is known for her extensive work on critical linguistic analysis of spontaneous interactions in informal and institutional healthcare settings.
After completing her Bachelor of Arts, Honours (first class) at the University of Sydney in 1982, she started a master's degree in linguistics on ergativity in English under the supervision of Michael Halliday.
From September 1983 to June 1985, she studied at the Université de Nancy II (now Université de Lorraine), completing a and a Diplôme des Etudes Approfondies, under the direction of Philip Riley and Henri Holec.
Upon returning to Australia in mid-1985, she resumed her deferred postgraduate degree (converted to a PhD) under the supervision of Michael Halliday and J. R. Martin at the University of Sydney.
In 1986/1987, Eggins was asked to lecture the course ‘Language as Content’ for students preparing to study the MA in Applied Linguistics at the University of Sydney and these lectures formed the basis of the first edition of her book 'An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics' in 1994.
She received her PhD in 1991 and the title of her thesis was 'Keeping the conversation going: A systemic-functional analysis of conversational structure in casual sustained talk'.
From 1992 to 2006, Eggins was an academic at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) School of English (now a part of UNSW School of the Arts and Media), with a period as a Head of School (2001–2003).
During this time, she developed a number of courses focusing on systemic functional linguistics, text analysis, children's literature and literacy, and professional writing.
In 2005, she also formalised her interests in editing, literary studies and writing by completing a master of arts in professional communication at Deakin University.
Before accepting a role of an Honorary Fellow at Australian National University in 2017, she had spent seven years at The University of Technology Sydney as a Research Fellow involved in a national study of clinical handover communication led by Prof Diana Slade and funded by Australian Research Council.
To cater for the needs of undergraduate UNSW students coming from educational rather than linguistic backgrounds, Suzanne Eggins converted her lecture notes into a textbook introducing systemic functional linguistics.
The first edition closely followed Michael Halliday’s 'Introduction to Functional Grammar' (IFG) and was intended to contextualise it within social functional linguistic theory.
Furthermore, it aimed to provide analysed examples of ‘real texts’, rather than the short clause-length examples that students encountered in Halliday's IFG.
When first published, the 'Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics was one of only two or three introductory books on systemic functional linguistics available.
The second edition of the book was published in 2004 and it includes a chapter on the clause complex and draws on a wider variety of textual examples, including literary texts and writing by children.
It also reflects a more ‘critical’ approach to applying functional grammar that had been developing as a result of the rise of Norman Fairclough’s work on Critical Discourse Analysis.
Eggins is the co-author of the book 'Analysing Casual Conversation' Using casual conversation from workplaces and social settings, the book offers the first critical and theorised account of conversation within systemic functional linguistics and provides practical analytical tools for researchers working on spoken interaction.
As National Linguist on the ARC-funded project ‘Effective Communication in Clinical Handover’, Eggins carried out linguistic ethnographic fieldwork at a metropolitan public hospital and advised research teams in other states on the analysis and interpretation of language data.
Afterwards, they published widely on the communication patterns and developed training courses for nurses in ‘better bedside handovers’ that have been delivered to several hundred nurses at Canberra Hospital.
Max Cutler (born December 31, 1990) is an American podcaster and business man best known for founding the podcast network Parcast in 2016.
Parcast reaches over 250 million downloads a year, has a team of over 75 staff and producing over 40 shows a week.
With the Midshipmen, he cycled between quarterback and slotback for his first two seasons before becoming the starting quarterback in 2018.
As a senior, he set various Navy and NCAA records, including the most rushing yards by a quarterback in a season, and was named American Athletic Conference Offensive Player of the Year.
Perry was born in Fort Campbell, where his parents Bonny and Malcolm Sr. were stationed as members of the United States Army.
He was named the team's quarterback in his sophomore year and led the team to three consecutive Class 5A state playoff appearances; all three postseason runs ended with losses to opponents that would make the state championship (with two winning).
After high school, Perry contemplated attending Middle Tennessee State University, where his older sister's friends played college football, or enlisting in the armed forces.
Perry committed to Navy as the academy allowed him to play football in addition to serving, while the team also allowed him to select his position; in contrast, Air Force and Army wished to keep him at quarterback.
In addition to playing for the junior varsity team, he began the varsity season sharing the third-string quarterback spot with Zach Abey before being demoted to fourth string due to illness.
Perry made his varsity debut against Fordham after starting quarterback Tago Smith suffered an ACL tear; although he was initially inactive for the game and was watching from the stands, the injury forced the Midshipmen to pull Perry into action, while team equipment members had to return to campus to retrieve his uniform.
He returned to slotback in 2017, though he also saw time at quarterback as he started three games at the position.
In the season-ending Army–Navy Game, Perry recorded 250 total yards, which was 84 percent of the Midshipmen's yardage in the game and nine more than Army's total gains, and a touchdown on 30 carries.
6–6 Navy went on to play in the Military Bowl against Virginia, where Perry scored two touchdowns and rushed for 114 yards before leaving with a foot injury in the 49–7 victory.
In Navy's first American Athletic Conference (AAC) game of the year against Memphis, he led the team in all three offensive yardage categories (166 rushing, 22 passing, 17 receiving), the second player to do so after Keenan Reynolds in 2015.
Although he recorded 100 rushing yards each in every start at quarterback, the offense struggled through the first five games and he was moved to slotback after a 35–7 loss to Air Force.
While slotback remained his primary position for the remainder of the year, he continued to spend time at quarterback with Abey and Garret Lewis.
Perry led Navy in rushing yards with 1,087 on 172 attempts, along with seven rushing touchdowns; in receiving, he recorded nine catches for 167 yards and a touchdown; when throwing, he completed nine of 25 passes for 222 yards, two touchdowns, and an interception.
To assist him in his development as a passer, Navy hired Billy Ray Stutzmann to install features of the run and shoot offense; Stutzmann played in and coached the offensive system at Hawaii.
The Midshipmen improved to 10–2 in the regular season, during which Perry recorded nine consecutive games with at least 100 rushing yards and two games with over 200, the fourth player in school history to accomplish the latter.
In early December, he was named AAC Offensive Player of the Year and first-team All-Conference; at the time of the announcement, he led the conference in rushing yards per game (136.4), which was also the most among quarterbacks in the nation, along with 1,500 rushing yards and 19 touchdowns.
Against Army, Perry ran for a career-high and rivalry-record 304 yards (the first Navy player to do so against an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision opponent and the second in general) and two touchdowns as the Midshipmen won 31–7, their first win in the rivalry since 2015.
His performance allowed him to break two Navy records: Worth's 2016 single-season total offense record with 2,831 yards and Napoleon McCallum's 1983 single-season rushing yardage record with 1,804, while his 606 rushing yards in three Army–Navy Games were the most by any player in rivalry history.
He completed five of seven passes for 57 yards and a touchdown, while also running for 213 yards on 28 carries; the rushing yards surpassed Ricky Dobbs' 106 in the 2009 Texas Bowl for the most by a Navy player in a bowl game.
He ended 2019 with 2,017 rushing yards, surpassing Jordan Lynch's record for the most rushing yards by a quarterback in a season, while his 4,359 career rushing yards were the 79th-most among all players in college football history and the second-most by a Midshipman behind Reynolds.
The two served in the Gulf War, with Malcolm Maurice Perry being involved in refueling operations and Bonny in parts repair and supply.
A military brat, Malcolm Jr. is the youngest of six children, with two of his siblings being born in North Carolina and another in Germany.
It is situated on the southern border of Valhalla Provincial Park, northwest of Gimli Peak, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake.
In keeping with the Valhalla theme, this peak's name was submitted February 1970 by Robert Dean of the Kootenay Mountaineering Club for consideration, and it was officially adopted March 3, 1971, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Raffinan earned her Bachelor of Arts from Boston College in 1992, and her Juris Doctor from Columbus School of Law for the Catholic University of America in 1995.
From September 1999 to October 2010, she worked as an attorney for the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia.
President Barack Obama nominated Raffinan on July 28, 2010, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Odessa F. Vincent.
On September 29, 2010, the Committee reported her nomination favorably to the senate floor and later that day, the full Senate confirmed her nomination by voice vote.
Frances Taylor Davis (September 28, 1929 – November 17, 2018) was an American dancer and actress who was a member of the Katherine Dunham Company, and the first African American ballerina to perform with the Paris Opera Ballet.
Her instructor encouraged her to audition for the Edna McRae School of the Dance where she became the only African American student.
While attending the school, Taylor met dancer and choreographer Katherine Dunham who offered her a scholarship to study dance at the Katherine Dunham Company.
In 1948, Taylor was recruited for a special presentation to perform with the Paris Opera Ballet, becoming the first African American to be invited to perform with the ballet company.
They filmed a pilot in the fall of 1953, but the network couldn't get a sponsor, so the show was postponed and eventually dropped.
Taylor relocated to New York City to act on Broadway where she was credited as Elizabeth Taylor because there was already an actress named Frances Taylor, so she used her middle name.
Her students included Julie Robinson, who was a Dunham trouper and the wife of actor Harry Belafonte, and Edna Robinson, who was a chorine and the wife of boxer Sugar Ray Robinson.
Durand was of Haitian descent and also a member of the Katherine Dunham's dance troupe; they met in Argentina in 1954.
Bastiaans made his professional debut with VVV-Venlo in a 2-1 Eredivisie loss to PEC Zwolle on 14 December 2019, scoring his sides only goal in his debut.
The award is given to a director of a music video by an Australian-based group or solo artist, which was released within the eligibility period.
Initially (from 1987 to 2011), it was voted for by a judging academy, which consisted of 1000 members from different areas of the music industry.
In the following table, the winner is highlighted in a separate colour, and in boldface; the other final nominees, where known, are not highlighted or in boldface.
The team competes in the Gulf Coast Premier League and earned national attention when it qualified for the 2020 U.S. Open Cup in its first season of eligibility.
Krewe FC was founded in late 2018 as an adult team extension of the Louisiana Dynamo Jrs youth organization in Lafayette.
After reaching the GCPL semifinal in its first season, the team entered the 2020 U.S. Open Cup qualification tournament and defeated fellow league side Northshore United, 5-2, in the first round.
Krewe then defeated Athletic Katy FC of the United Premier Soccer League in the second round, 3-2, off an 88th minute game-winner by forward Henrique Pimpao.
In the final round of qualifying, the team defeated Michigan side Livonia City FC, 1-0, and became the second Open Division local team to qualify from the state of Louisiana (Motagua New Orleans qualified in 2016).
Jürgen Reinhard Gerhard Herzog (born December 21, 1941 in Heidelberg, Germany) is an Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at University of Duisburg-Essen, in Essen, Germany.
From 1969 to 1975, he was Lecturer at University of Regensburg and from 1975 to 2009 a professor of Mathematics at University of Duisburg-Essen.
He has published over 220 research articles in mathematics and served as thesis advisor to more than 18 doctoral students, many of whom have had distinguished careers in Commutative Algebra.
The Jumbos reached the College World Series, but were eliminated by the Texas Longhorns in the quarterfinals, where they were no-hit by Jim Ehrler.
The 2019–20 season is Al Ain Football Club's 46th in existence and the club's 44th consecutive season in the top-level football league in the UAE.
The island was appeared in a map drawn by Father in 1866, at that time it was marked as Ngau T'au Chü ().
According to the historical document of the District Office South, the island was uninhabited when it was part of the Port Shelter Firing Range.
Administratively, the District Office South was replaced by the Sai Kung District Office as well as other District Offices after the World War II.
It is part of Hang Hau East constituency of the Sai Kung District Council as of 2019 election, despite the island is uninhabited.
In the 1970s, the island was used by , a drug lord, and his associates as a place to hide their goods.
Such as the shallow waters in the bay Tai Wong Wan (), as well as west of Ngau Tau Pai, etc.
A marine park that covers Sharp Island, Tai Chau, Shelter Island and surrounding water was proposed by the Country and Marine Parks Board, a consultative body for the government in 2014.
In 2018, World Wide Fund for Nature also proposed to establish the Port Shelter Marine Protected Area, which also includes the Shelter Island.
She's in the Army is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and written by Sidney Sheldon and George Bricker.
It was first discovered in a screen for genes whose overexpression would suppress the phenotypes of PKC1 pathway mutations (thus named Bypass of C Kinase).
Though its mechanism is currently unknown, it is believed to interact with Swi4 and Mcm1, both important transcriptional regulators of early cell cycle.
A global screen for genes regulated by Bck2 investigated through RNA microarray experiments revealed that Bck2 regulated a wide range of cell cycle genes beyond those associated with G1 phase.
Overexpression of Bck2 in Swi6-null cells resulted in changes in expression of genes known to be regulators of the cell cycle, or cell cycle dependent.
Old Town is the oldest urban area within the city of Petaling Jaya, a combined area of four inner suburbs within one of the biggest cities in Malaysia's most developed state of Selangor.
Once the site a squatter resettlement scheme in the 1950s, the area soon became the beginning of Malaysia's first post-war new town.
Old Town is directly north of the New Pantai Expressway, a major highway connecting Subang Jaya with the federal capital of Kuala Lumpur.
It borders the PJS51 industrial area to the west, the Section 6 and 7 neighbourhoods to the north, the Section 1A and 5 inner suburbs to the east, and Taman Medan and Taman Petaling Utama inner suburbs to the south.
During World War II, many of Kuala Lumpur's urban population fled to the countryside to escape starvation and atrocities committed during the Japanese occupation of Malaya.
After the war, these thousands returned to Malaysia's (then named Malaya) capital bringing along large numbers of people displaced by the conflict as well as by illegal immigration, leading to slums with thousands of squatters living in the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur.
Though squatters were found across the country at the time, authorities in Kuala Lumpur faced a lack of suitable land, increasing congestion and were unable to keep pace with housing demands as the city boomed from a population of 120,000 in 1936 to 300,000 by 1955.
To combat this problem, authorities in the 1950s set an area for a new township west of the capital, earmarking a 490ha rubber plantation known as Effingham Estate along Jalan Kelang Lama (or Old Klang Road) as the site of a new settlement.
Some 800 houses by unpaved roads came up first, as housing lots were sold by colonial British authorities to locals with a 60-year leasehold period.
The first residents were some of Kuala Lumpur's former squatters, and by the mid-50s more than 1,300 housing lots were sold, with the houses built by the former squatters or by local builders, most of them detached timber units with zinc roofs.
In July 1954, an area of land next to Section 1 and 2 was levelled and identified as Section 3 and was to be set aside for the ethnic Malay population, with government servants moving in as the new area's residents.
Consisting of four inner suburbs, Old Town today is a mix of residential houses and commercial properties and one of the busiest parts of the city.
The oldest settlement in Petaling Jaya, it is colloquially known among locals as Old Town, mirroring New Town, the city's administration and commercial centre of about a kilometre away.
It is home to a bustling economic area, with several blocks of commercial shoplots and a wet market built around Jalan Selangor-Jalan Othman crossroads.
The area is also host to its only high-rise residential apartment with Inai Court Apartment along Jalan Templer in Section 1 and a commercial high-rise known as Menara Mutiara Majestic in Section 3.
A sports complex which also houses the city's hockey stadium (one of two in the state of Selangor) and a skatepark sits in Section 3 along Jalan Selangor.
The city's oldest hospital, the Assunta Hospital was constructed in Section 4 in 1954 and still stands today along Jalan Templer.
A motorcycle flyover connecting Old Town with Taman Medan crossing the New Pantai Expressway can also be found at the settlement's south.
Old Town is home to several schools, including the two Assunta primary missionary schools -the city's oldest educational institutions- that sit side by side with each other in Section 4.
The schools were set up by Sister Enda Ryan, a nun who also spearheaded the formation of the Assunta secondary school.
The Ibnu Rusyd Kawasan Melayu religious primary school also sits here, along with the Chen Moh Chinese-language school, as well as the privately-run Madeleine Kindergarten and the state-run Tabika Kemas Inai Merah MPPJ kindergarten.
Old Town also hosts the Bumiputera-only public university Universiti Teknologi MARA's Jalan Othman campus, also the university's first, as well as a MARA community college in Section 1.
The Tun Tan Cheng Lock Assunta nursing college in Section 4 formed by Catholic nuns in 1961 also sits here, next to the privately-run Assunta Hospital, the city's oldest hospital.
The current Member of Parliament is Petaling Jaya's Maria Chin Abdullah, an independent candidate who ran under the Pakatan Harapan banner in the 2018 Malaysian general election.
The area is also served by two assemblymen, Syamsul Firdaus Mohamed Supri from the People's Justice Party (Malaysia) (PKR) and Rajiv Rishyakaran from the Democratic Action Party (DAP).
As the city's oldest settlement, Old Town is home to Petaling Jaya's oldest mosque, the Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Aziz built in Section 3 in 1957.
Roads in Old Town are some of the most heavily used in the city, with the neighbourhood bordering the New Pantai Expressway which acts a link connecting Subang Jaya to the west and Kuala Lumpur to the east.
The area is also next to the administrative center of Section 52 (otherwise known as PJ New Town), the industrial area of Section 51 as well as the major city roads of Jalan Gasing and Jalan Templer, which connects many of Petaling Jaya's southern inner suburbs to the Federal Highway, one of the country's busiest highways.
The area is also served by a bus terminal in the middle of the township, with some of the RapidKL and PJ Free City buses stopping here to pick up passengers heading to the rest of Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur.
The neighbourhood is also next to the Jalan Templer KTM Komuter station, which is served by KTM Komuter's Port Klang Line, connecting the seaside city of Port Klang in the southwest to Tanjung Malim in the north via Kuala Lumpur.
Muringen made his professional debut with ADO Den Haag in a 3-3 Eredivisie tie with Willem II on 23 November 2019.
AT&T Communications, Inc., was a division of the AT&T Corporation that, through 23 subsidiaries, provided interexchange carrier and long distance telephone services.
The American Telephone & Telegraph Long Lines wire, cable, and microwave radio relay network provided long-distance services to AT&T and its customers.
With improved klystrons and other devices devised for World War II, it was quickly determined that relay networks were easy to build, especially over mountainous regions and rough terrain.
Formal opening of the United States coast-to-coast connection was on August 17, 1951, via AT&T's network control center in New York City.
A presidential address from Harry Truman at the San Francisco Peace Conference on September 4, 1951 opened the network, demonstrating coast-to-coast television service.
In 1950, New York City's five boroughs were dialed from various communities in New Jersey with the digits '1-1' followed by the 7 digit telephone number.
While New York City was assigned area code 212 at the very beginning of the Area Code format in October 1947, it wouldn't be until later in the 1950s when Englewood, New Jersey, customers would dial their calls to New York City using the digits 2-1-2.
The use of the '11+' code from Englewood (and other parts of northeastern New Jersey) to call New York City had been in place for a while, even prior to 1951.
New York City's five boroughs also had been dialing northeastern New Jersey as 11+ the two letters and five digits of the New Jersey number as well for a while prior to 1951 and until the latter 1950s.
Other cities in northeastern New Jersey were dialable in 1951 (and for a few years prior) from Englewood by simply dialing the two letters of the exchange name and remaining five digits.
In addition to New York City, the Nassau County part of Long Island was dialable from Englewood and Teaneck using area code 516.
Also Westchester County, Rockland County, and portions of Orange and Putnam Counties were also dialable from Englewood and Teaneck in 1951 using area code 914.
The mid-century advent of microwave and other high capacity systems dramatically cut the cost of long-haul operations, but pricing did not decline proportionally.
Following the Telecommunications Act of 1996, AT&T Communications began reselling Bell Operating Company-provided telephone service at lower prices to compete with the Baby Bells.
SBC had already been offering its own long distance services through SBC Long Distance LLC in its own territory in competition with other long distance companies.
As a result, AT&T Communications was refocused to seek new customers outside of the AT&T 13-state region served by its Bell Operating Companies.
In 2012, 17 more of the AT&T Communications companies were dissolved into AT&T Corp., leaving only the companies in Indiana, New York, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. as the last remnants of the 1984-created structure.
On July 28, 2017, AT&T announced a new AT&T Communications corporate division, which will house AT&T Mobility, DirecTV, U-Verse, AT&T Business, and Technology and Operations Group.
It can be the result of extravasated infiltration of the bacteria out of the renal pelvis (pyelonephritis) or a result of another kidney infection.
It commenced in 2001, as a successor to the Western Australian Municipal Association, Country Shire Councils' Association, and the Local Government Association.
is scored for 3 trumpets, timpani, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 oboes d'amore, 2 violin parts, 1 viola part and continuo.
The pyramid was located in today's Borgo district of Rome, between Old Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican and the Mausoleum of Hadrian.
Its foundations have been discovered under the first north block of via della Conciliazione, which now includes the Auditorium della Conciliazione and the Palazzo Pio.
While both monuments survived the great changes due to the construction of the old St. Peter's Basilica, the latter was destroyed already during the Middle Ages, while the former survived until the Renaissance age becoming an important element of Rome's topography.
It is clear that the man who could afford to build such a monument could only have been a prominent figure of the Roman state, but his name remains unknown.
The tomb had also a great importance for the pilgrims who reach Saint Peter, since on their way to the Basilica they met the tomb of the founder of the city before that of the founder of the church.
Due to that, the Meta Romuli was a popular subject in the representations of the city in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
At the beginning of the 15th century, the pyramid's pinnacle was demolished; on the platform which resulted were garrisoned soldiers of the nearby Castle, who got their supplies thorough a system of ropes hanging to the fortress.
On 24 December 1499, the pope blocked all the old roads between Saint Peter and the Tiber, forcing the people to use the new thoroughfare; however, the demolition of the pyramid was not complete, since Raphael, who arrived in Rome in 1509, in a letter to Pope Leo X written in 1519 about the antiquities of the city, writes that he could still see the remains of the monument.
The adoption of the pyramidal shape for sepulchral monuments was popular during the Augustan period, in the context of cultural influences from Egypt.
The Vatican pyramid dated back presumably to the same age or to the first imperial age, and according to evidence was larger than the Cestia pyramid; as per 15th-century accounts, it had a square plan with sides long and was between 32 and 50 meters high.
Ferno writes also that during its demolition, which took place between April and 24 December 1499, the concrete of the building was so hard that it had to be demolished with a trip hammer; the bangs which resulted were so loud like those produced by beating a mountain of iron.
In 1948-49, during the works for the construction of the first block of the north side of Via della Conciliazione, it came to light a northwest/southeast-oriented foundation of concrete conglomeration made by tufa quarry waste, surrounded by a large pavement made with travertine slabs.
Picander wrote the libretto of the BWV 1160 cantata (also known as ), which otherwise, that is, apart from the likely borrowed opening chorus, survived without music.
The cantata transmitted in the BWV 248a fragment, consisting of four revised performance parts in the bundle of contemporary performance material for , is a sacred cantata for Michaelmas (29 September), likely first performed in 1734.
In doing so, he became the first footballer born in 2002 to play in the Bundesliga, and was the second youngest league debutant ever for Köln after Yann Aurel Bisseck.
Air Wales () was an airline operating flights between Cardiff International Airport and Hawarden Airport in Flintshire commencing in 1977 and ending 18 months later.
It began operations at Cardiff Airport on 6 December 1977 using a 9-seater Piper PA-31 Navajo Chieftain (G-BWAL) on its twice-daily scheduled route from Cardiff to Chester (Hawarden Airport).
Clwyd County Council provided the company with a start-up grant of £10,000 on the grounds that the service would improve communications between North East Wales and Cardiff.
In 1978, an Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante (G-CELT) was added to the fleet to operate a service from Cardiff to Brussels connecting into Sabena's network.
With break-even estimated at some 15 months away, Air Wales, unable to raise sufficient working capital, ceased operations on 30 June 1979 and became part of Air Anglia and ultimately part of Air UK.
The brick is laid in common bond with a header course every seventh row, and was originally red brick but has been painted a cream color.
Such industrialuses typically were scattered throughout the downtown areas of Idaho towns duringtheir first decades and gradually became more confined to specific areas.
He was a member of the Perhimpoenan Indonesia organization, and in 1945 was appointed as the member Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence.
The marriage resulted in six children, Raden Bambang Oetomo (21 April 1925), Raden Adjeng Sri Oetari (26 October 1926), Raden Adjeng Sri Oetarni (2 July 1928), Raden Adjeng Siti Maryah (28 April 1930), Raden Bambang Oetantyo (4 April 1934), and Raden Bambang Oetarjono (15 September 1936).
The work is valued by researchers for the purity of the Lithuanian language and for its Polish dedication that defended the use of the Lithuanian language in public life.
Jakub Wujek, rector of the Jesuit Academy in Vilnius, published two postils in Polish – a larger one in 1573–1575 and a smaller in 1579–1580.
It was not a summary of the larger postil, but a brand new work that used various texts by other authors, including Louis of Granada, Johann Wild (Ferus), Johann Eck, Johann Augustanus Faber, etc.
He used the 2nd edition of the Polish postil and later added details from the 3rd edition which was published in 1590 in Kraków.
Several times, the text refers to Pope Gregory XIII, who died in 1585, as the current pope though the text was given to the printing press of the Jesuit Academy in Vilnius in early 1595 (though, due to financial difficulties, it was not published until 1599).
They are kept at the Vilnius University Library (3 copies), National Martynas Mažvydas Library, Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Göttingen State and University Library, Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Vatican Library.
It was two short booklets (25 pages and 16 pages) believed to have been prepared by Simonas Stanevičius to showcase the beauty and lexical richness of the Lithuanian language and to encourage its development and use.
In the 19th century, Daukša and his texts became firmly established as key developments in the history of the Lithuanian language and started attracting academic interest.
Some surviving copies of the book have an image of the coat of arms (a rose from the Poraj coat of arms) of Merkelis Giedraitis, the Bishop of Samogitia and sponsor of the postil, with a Latin quatrain about it as well as an eight-line dedication to Giedraitis.
The Latin dedication survives in only one copy of the book which was kept by the Kražiai College and Simonas Stanevičius.
It is a panegyric work that praises Bishop Merkelis but, unlike many such works, does not portray excessive humility on Daukša's part.
Even though both Merkelis and Daukša were members of the clergy, the dedication does not reference the Bible or the popes and instead draws parallels with the Classical Antiquity.
Daukša praises Merkelis' work and accomplishments and states that he will earn gratitude from the homeland for his dedication, from the clergy for making their work easier, from the people for their salvation, and from others for saving the native language from abandonment and perish.
The postil is mainly known and valued for its Polish dedication to the reader which is part of the secondary school curriculum in Lithuania.
The dedication is a passionate and patriotic defense of the native language which is considered to be the key to the survival of the nation.
He wants to see the Lithuanian language preserved, perfected, and enriched and used in churches and state documents – at the time official documents used Church Slavonic, Latin, or Polish.
In his quest to promote the Lithuanian language, unlike many authors of the era, Daukša does not advertise the supposed Lithuanian roots from the Romans (see the Palemonids).
Daukša's declaration about the Lithuanian language resonated with the activists of the 19th-century Lithuanian National Revival who worked to purify and promote the Lithuanian language.
For example, he saw language as an element of the human nature and natural law which were divine; the Protestants saw human nature as corrupted by sin and requiring intellectual efforts to improve.
The main content is an example of the Baroque literature though it has some elements of Renaissance in its expressions and form.
The main theme is not the love of God, but the wrath of the harsh and vengeful God of the Old Testament.
In a typical Barque fashion, the sermons frequently discuss the pitiful temporary nature of every material thing, including the human body and life.
There is no earthly joy or worthwhile pursuit as death and the Apocalypse will turn everything to dust and rot (cf.
The sermons support feudal society and argue for unconditional obedience both to good and bad rulers as both were given their power by God.
The text often attacks the Protestants and tries to instill hatred towards them even hinting that the Protestants should be punished and persecuted for their beliefs.
Therefore, there is a marked difference between the dedications (Daukša's original works that show clear influence of Renaissance and humanism) and the translated sermons that are more medieval.
He often chose stronger and more expressive words than the Polish original to strengthen the emotional impact, to make the language more dynamic.
While these letters are part of the standard modern Lithuanian, they were forgotten and then re-imported from texts published in East Prussia.
Ludwik Osiński (24 August 1775, Kock - 27 November 1838, Warsaw) was a Polish literary critic, historian, literary theorist, translator, poet, playwright and speaker, who also served as a minister in the government of Congress Poland.
From 1801 to 1807, he and the educator, , operated a boarding house for young men in Warsaw; teaching Polish literature and language.
During this time, he was an active member of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning and, from 1804 to 1814, he served as its Secretary.
During the brief existence of the Duchy of Warsaw, he was an official of the Ministry of Justice; first as Secretary General, then as the recorder for the Court of Cassation.
At first, he was an opponent of the November Uprising but, in 1831, he became President of the insurgent Municipal Council in Warsaw.
The three major headline acts were by American rapper, singer-songwriter and record producer Jidenna, British fashion designer Ozwald Boateng and South African fashion designer David Tlale.
Jidenna had also been previously confirmed to perform at the Blankets and Wine Festival in Kampala on December 15 the same year.
Jidenna received the Icon Award and Boateng was awarded with the Lifetime Achievement Award for infusing a trademark twist on classic British tailoring and bespoke style.
Other honorary awards awarded that night were the Star Maker award awarded to Joram Muzira, Positive Change award to Susan Guerts and Special Recognition Award for Innovation awarded to Kayiira.
Nominations were opened on 8 October 2019 and closed later that month and the list of nominees was released at a Fashionpreneur Summit and nomination party on October 26, 2019 in Kampala.
It was earlier announced that Jidenna and Ozwald Boateng would receive honorary awards of Star Icon Award and Lifetime Achievement Award respectively for their work in the fashion industry in Africa.
The Cobbham Historic District, in Athens, Georgia, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
He was elected as the Member of National Assembly for Gwanak 2nd constituency in 2012 but invalidated by court order in 2014.
Born in Jecheon, Lee attended to Yongmoon High School, and earned a bachelor's degree in public law from Seoul National University.
After the party was refounded as the Democratic Labour Party (DLP; then Unified Progressive Party), he subsequently joined and ran for a Seoul Metropolitan Council member in 2002 but lost.
Lee ran 8th in the DLP list at the 2008 election but was not elected; in fact, DLP only gained 2 FPTPs and 3 PRs.
He was selected as the DLP MP candidate for Eunpyeong 2nd constituency at the 2010 by-election, though he abandoned his campaign.
At the 2012 election, both Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Unified Progressive Party (UPP) agreed to put unity candidates in some constituencies, including Gwanak 2nd.
Originally, Lee Jung-hee, one of the co-Presidents of the UPP, won the opposition preselection over Kim Hui-chul, the DUP candidate and the incumbent MP.
The UPP was banned by the court order on 19 December 2014, in which the elections of its all MPs were nullified.
In the end, the Saenuri candidate Oh Shin-hwan, who lost to Lee in 2012, was finally elected, making him as the first conservative candidate of the liberal-leaning constituency since its creation in 1988.
Prior to the 2016 election, Lee joined the People's United Party (PUP, then Minjung Party), a minor left-wing party formed by several notable ex-UPP members.
After that, he shortly left politics and worked as a plumber, till returned to help the party's presidential candidate Kim Sun-dong at the 2017 presidential election.
Dearing began construction of the house, which was not completed until after the American Civil War, and sold it in 1878.
It was the Philadelphia Fury's first professional season since the club was re-established in 2011 and their first in the National Independent Soccer Association.
After playing just one match during the 2019–20 NISA season, the Fury announced that they were withdrawing from NISA until further notice.
On September 18, 2019, after playing only one game against Miami FC, the Fury announced that they were withdrawing from NISA until further notice.
This mountain chain runs in a roughly north/south direction for about , extending both north and south of the Arctic Circle.
There are four cirque glaciers on the mountains of the range, as well as some perennial snow fields, with a total area not exceeding .
Composed by Andrew Scott, Cazzi Opeia and EJAE, the song was arranged by Druski and long-time SM Entertainment producer Yoo Young-jin, while the Korean lyrics were written by Kenzie, whom has written lyrics for other tracks from Red Velvet as well.
Snippets of the song were also revealed as well, before a 17-second video teaser for the song was uploaded on the official SM Town channel, with the official video being released a day later.
Prior to its release on December 23, 2019, the song was accompanied by a string of video teasers of each group member, portraying them in a gothic-theme scenario.
Choreography for the song was created by Mina Myoung (formerly from 1MILLION dance studio) and the 15 year-old Bailey Sok (from Skeleton Crew).
As fellow member Wendy suffered injuries during rehearsal, only a pre-recorded performance was aired instead, following by the group having to perform as a quartet for the current attendance.
On the final week of December 2019, the song made its debut at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart, giving the group their first top-two entry in 2019.
In addition, the song topped the Gaon Download Chart, while making its debut at number three on the component Streaming Chart.
It also became their seventh top-ten hit on the K-Pop Hot 100 chart, debuting at number nine on the week of December 28, 2019.
This also resulted in the group being one of the nine K-pop artists that topped the chart more than once, and the fourth girl group to achieve such remark.
It also debuted at number 99 on the UK Download Chart for one week, marking it their first ever appearance on a UK component chart.
Marco Völler (born 6 January 1989) is a German professional basketball player for the Skyliners Frankfurt of the German League Basketball Bundesliga.
The Third siege of Babylon took place during Antigonus's expedition to the Seleucid domain in the context of the Babylonian war.
In 310 BC, after an unsuccessful siege of the city of Bayblon by his son Demetrius, Antigonus decided to march against Seleucus himself.
Seleucus, who had just reconquered Babylon, was heavily outnumbered, but emboldened by his earlier victories he decided to make a stand.
Seleucus, realising how desperate the situation was, ordered a retreat; the Seleucids were attacked by the Antigonids while retreating, the fighting lasted until 28 February, when the remaining Seleucids retreated to the citadel or to the fields outside the city.
Antigonus named Archelaus as the new satrap, while Seleucus ordered his army to disperse and fight the invader in a guerrilla war.
Both retired to their camps for the night; but whereas Antigonus's army disarmed and went to sleep, Seleucus ordered his men to dine and rest in full armor and in their ranks.
Yamaha Portasound keyboards are a popular line of portable electronic musical keyboards produced by the Yamaha Corporation from the 1980s to the present.
Electronic musicians and sound engineers use these instruments to achieve an authentic lo-fi sound and some modify them with circuit bending to extend their sound palettes.
In the 21st century, several independent software developers have produced additional tools to modify and store patches for midi-capable PSS keyboards, such as PSS Edit and PSS Wave Editor.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Lankan Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Lankan Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 8 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his first-class debut on 31 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 12 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Saracens Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Maria Wojciechowska, (Warsaw, 15 December 1869 – Gołąbki, 14 September 1959), was the First Lady of Poland from 1922 to 1926 as the wife of President Stanisław Wojciechowski.
Maria Kiersnowska was born on 15 December 1869 in Warsaw as one of the twelve children of Antoni Kiersnowski of the Pobóg coat of arms.
Her paternal grandfather, Jan Kiersnowski was sent to Siberia for participating in the November Uprising, and her maternal uncle, Stanisław Iszora, a priest and vicar from Żołudek (now Belarus) was shot on May 22, 1863, in Vilnius on Łukiszki Square for reading the manifesto of the National Government from the pulpit and urging parishioners to participate in the uprising, becoming the first victim of Murawiow's terror.
She graduated from the Mariinsky Institute in Vilnius, the highest education available to women at that time, she was a friend of Józef Piłsudski from school.
The wedding took place under a conspiracy, because Wojciechowski used false documents, so he did not have the civil form required in the Russian partition.
On 9 December 1922, her husband stood as a candidate in the Presidential election but was defeated in the fourth ballot to the landowner Count Maurycy Klemens Zamoyski and the later elected Gabriel Narutowicz, from PSL as the first President of Poland.
After the May Coup, her husband was forced, along with the Polish Prime Minister Wincenty Witos, to resign as President and leave Belvedere Palace.
A son Edmund (1903-1941), a lawyer who died in Auschwitz, and a daughter Zofia (1905-1992), a painter who married Władysław Jan Grabski, son of the Polish Prime Minister Władysław Grabski, and was the mother of Maciej Władysław Grabski.
Maria Wojciechowska died on 14 September 1959 at the age of 89, she is buried next to her husband and son in Powązki Cemetery.
The Horseshoe Reef Lighthouse is a dilapidated lighthouse in Lake Erie between New York State and Canada near Buffalo, New York and at the head of the Niagara River, which empties Lake Erie into Lake Ontario.
The United Kingdom ceded one acre of territory surrounding Horseshoe Reef, an underwater hazard, to the United States on December 9, 1850.
On March 3, 1851 the US Congress allocated funding to build a lighthouse there, a contingency agreed upon for the transfer of the land.
Operation ceased on August 1, 1919 or in 1920 and the lighthouse has been so far simply left to the elements and most of the house has rotted away.
At the 2018 Junior World Championships in Davos, Switzerland, Winters won the bronze medal in the Super-G, was ninth in the Downhill, and 22nd in the Alpine Combined.
In December 2019, he scored his first World Cup points at 19th place in the slalom at Val-d'Isère, France; he was second after the first run with bib 40.
member Hiroyuki Kudo has the ability to transform into any three members of the Tri-Squad, Ultramen Taiga, Titas and Fuma as their bond deepened within each battle they experiences.
However, Hiroyuki has become the target of an unidentified opponent, forcing other members of the New Generation Heroes to appear one after another and together challenge the power of a great darkness.
Also on this album is the first time that the band starts a long lasting collaboration with the famous artist Edward Repka, who was responsible for cover artwork of the album.
The release of the album was followed by the participation of the band in a massive European tour, the so called Thrashfest tour 2010, alongside Kreator, Exodus and Death Angel.
It also sings cover versions of pop hits and Yiddish and Israeli classics, and produces original compositions based on traditional Jewish prayers.
Relying solely on vocals, the group achieves the effects of guitar, bass, drums, and electronic music through beatboxing and multiple layering of vocal tracks on its music videos.
Boxer tapped several of his religious Jewish college friends for the new group, which was named for the 613 commandments of the Torah.
While Six13 is best known for its parodies, most of its output is original songs, based on prayers and tunes from the traditional Jewish liturgy.
Boxer, the group's main songwriter and arranger, estimates that original compositions constitute six out of every eight songs they perform, and are mainly found on the group's albums.
The group prepared to sing in the foyer for guests who were filing in to the East Room for the reception, but Obama invited them inside to sing for him, the First Lady, and other guests including US Supreme Court Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor.
Relying solely on vocals, the group achieves the effects of guitar, bass, drums, and electronic music through beatboxing and multiple layering of vocal tracks on its music videos.
As of 2019, the group has a total of nine members, aged 25 to 37, who travel in groups of six for performances.
The Winchester Three were three young Irish citizens (Martina Shanahan, Finbar Cullen and John McCann) who were found guilty in 1988 of a plot to murder British politician Tom King, who was the Northern Ireland Secretary at the time, and sentenced to 25 years in prison.
He was serving with the The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada when he was killed in World War II action July 22, 1944, at age 21.
Each player starts with a set of 16 (or 18 if the blocker pieces are used) pieces arranged on the far sides of the board.
The pair received the first perfect 40 of the series for their Jive in Week 11 and were runners up in the competition.
Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht (5 January 1919 – 30 August 1999) was a German musicologist and Professor of historical musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg.
His father was a Protestant minister and since 1929 superintendent in Prussian Schleusingen and early on sympathized with political right-wing movements.
At the beginning of his studies in 1937/38 at the in Hirschberg Eggebrecht was a member of the National Socialist German Students' League (NSDStB) and was temporarily active as a music consultant for Hitler Youth.
According to Claudia Zenck, who evaluated the estate in the Freiburg University Archive, he was only fit for service to a limited extent, also used every opportunity to make music during his training and afterwards, and was trained as a driver.
He took part in the Western Front and was stationed there in Besançon, busy with prisoner transports, patrolling and reporting journeys.
After his examination he had to report to the troops in April 1941 and was stationed in Zagreb and at the Romanian border.
In 1941, shortly after the beginning of the German Attack on the Soviet Union, the Feldgendarmerie Department 683, 2nd Company, 3rd Platoon, to which Eggebrecht belonged, was deployed as part of the 11th Army in the conquest of the Crimea.
According to researcher Claudia Maurer Zenck, he was released from duty in those days until Christmas in order to prepare for the NCO examination and was also promoted to NCO one day before Christmas; his involvement was not yet proven by any source, not even indirectly.
According to music historian Boris von Haken Eggebrecht stood in the so-called trellis for at least one day, through which the victims were driven immediately before their murder; this assertion was meanwhile rejected as unprovable and even unlikely.
Haken refers to seven field post letters from Eggebrecht to members of the fellowship Johann Sebastian Bach of the NSD-Studentenbund in Berlin in particular from 1942/43, which he discovered and which according to Haken show a National Socialist attitude.
Two days after the fall of Sevastopol, Eggebrecht appeared on the radio as a pianist and played Mozart and Beethoven (6 July).
In the period before that, he was also involved in guarding POVs, a large number of whom were involved in the conquest of the Kerch Peninsula.
Eggebrecht consistently concealed his activities in the field police from 1945 and claimed that he had been with the tank fighters throughout the war and then with the infantry.
Eggebrecht studied from autumn 1945 with Richard Münnich, Hans Joachim Moser and Max Schneider in Weimar, Berlin, Munich and Jena, where he promoviert as Dr. phil..
In 1949, without having to face a denazification trial, he received an assistant position with Walther Vetter at the Institute of Musicology of the Humboldt University of Berlin.
He then took up a position as a private lecturer at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, which he temporarily interrupted in 1956/57 for a substitute professorship at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg.
From 1961 until his Emeritus in 1987, Eggebrecht succeeded Gurlitt as professor and director of the Department of Musicology at the University of Freiburg.
Eggebrecht's main research interests were the music of Heinrich Schütz, Johann Sebastian Bach and Protestant church music in general, the music of the First Viennese School, Gustav Mahler and the music of the 20th century.
Among his students were Peter Andraschke, Christoph von Blumröder, Werner Breig, Reinhold Brinkmann, Elmar Budde, Fritz Reckow, Albrecht Riethmüller, Wolfram Steinbeck and Michael Wittmann.
Unlike many musicologists, Eggebrecht sought dialogue with a number of contemporary composers (for example with Wolfgang Rihm, who studied with him in Freiburg, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Mathias Spahlinger).
By July 1906 it was known that the HAL had ordered a new Rotterdam of 23,000 tons at Harland and Wolff.
By 1 o'clock in the afternoon about 5,000 guests of Harland and Wolff had assembled for the event, and thousands of other spectators had assembled on the shores.
At the moment supreme the director of the yard had to announce that the launch had become impossible because two other ships had not been removed to a save location.
The hull was divided in watertight compartments by thirteen transverse bulkheads and one bulkhead along the center line of the ship.
The large lobby was finished in cream lacquered wood and had wide stairs with wrought iron gilded ornamentation and a copper handrail.
It led to a palm garden of 14 by 12 m, which was finished in cream lacquered wood in Louis XVI style.
The upper and lower smoking lounges measured 18 by 13.5 m and 9 by 13.5 m. There were 265 first class cabins.
A novelty of the Rotterdam was that parts of the promenade decks had glass covers that could be brought up against the sea spray.
It was also finished in lacquered wood, seated 300 persons and measured 14 by 23 m. On the higher decks there was a saloon for ladies and a smoking saloon finished in oak.
Their work was made a bit lighter by three electrical diswashers, one with a capacity of 4,000 an hour, and two with a capacity of 400 pieces an hour.
On 1 July she left New York again, with 288 passengers first class, 356 second class passengers and 298 third class passengers.
It would make a round trip of the Mediterranean, visiting Cadiz, Gibraltar, Algiers, Athene, Istanbul, Jaffa, Alexandria, Naples, Villefranche-sur-Mer, and Boulogne.
However, the 1,500 tons of copper loaded in New York could not be unloaded from the lower decks because the harbor of Southampton was closed.
After most Americans had left Europe, and because migration had come to a standstill, the number of passengers became insufficient to make a profit.
On arrival in Rotterdam on 2 September this proved not to be the case, and the fire was extinguished with water.
These trips with American soldiers continued for some months, and gradually the regular service from New York to Rotterdam was restored.
The next HAL ship named Rotterdam was the SS Rotterdam V that still exists as a museum ship and hotel in Rotterdam.
he Weightlifting at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games was held between 29 May to 31 May at Politeknik Ngee Ann, Singapore.
He first found mainstream success as an original lineup member of a Bosnian garage rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje and by his stage name at the time Mujo Snažni ().
At twenty-seven, Čengić left his career as a guitarist to devote himself to the study of sound engineering and became a record producer.
During the late 1980s, he produced records of several Sarajevo-based bands and musicians, such as LaBanda, Bombarder, Major, Elvis J. Kurtović & His Meteors, and Milić Vukašinović.
In 1990, he co-founded the Rasa Music Production, an independent record label that survived the siege of the city thanks to its anti-war efforts.
At the same time, Čengić became a music producer on the Bosnia and Herzegovina Television and organized several light music festivals.
At the time in Italy he worked as a freelancer for various musical and theatrical groups, including the Teatro Comunale di Bologna.
Also, he created a recording studio at the Container Club in Bologna where he recorded, mixed and produced for several groups including Opa Cupa, The Childbirth of Heavy Clouds, Amarcord, Bernstein School Of Musical Theater, World Youth Chamber Orchestra, Oblivion.
In recent years, Čengić carries out a pedagogical activity, devoting himself to training both in the music industry and in sound engineering.
Shooting events at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games was held between 29 May to 5 June at Mount Vernon Shooting Club, Singapore.
She graduated from the Female State Junior High School J. Słowacki in Warsaw in 1924, while learning painting and drawing with Tadeusz Marczewski.
In the same year, she took up studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw under the supervision of Tadeusz Pruszkowski.
Geoff Hastings (14 January 1926 – 25 September 2005), was an English photographer who worked in Wisbech in the 1950s when the town was being redeveloped.
The filling in of the Wisbech Canal in the 1960s, removal of bridges and Sluice and construction of the dual carriageway and associated road junctions changed the town irreversibly.
Cycling around the town and nearby villages with a 35mm camera he soon captured images of properties destined for future demolition.
A picture of the Young memorial drawn by Hastings accompanied a letter by Roger Powell in a local paper in 2012.
In October and again in November 2013 an exhibition of Hastings photographs accompanied a talk by William P Smith on the Wisbech Canal in the Tower Ballroom.
Since Hasting's death, other images continue to be used in books on the local history of the town, canal and nearby villages, The negative of the films were digitised by Andy Ketley so that the collection could be made secure and available to the public.
He is described as one of Wisbech's impressive legacy of pioneering photographers, along with Samuel Smith (photographer) and Lilian Ream, who used the town centre and High Street as the subject for many of their photographs.
In 2019 the Friends of Wisbech and Fenland Museum started a project to publish his images and raise funds to preserve the collection of 3,000 images.
Research into the collection of images is ongoing and unidentified images are posted to local Facebook discussion sites to facilitate accurate identification.
The house, built in 1902 of sandstone, has Late Victorian features in its steep roof with a jerkinhead, gabled dormer and other gabled projections, decorative cut shingles, and segmental arched windows.
She player for the Canada women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
The 1947 West Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia State University as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Mark Cardwell, the team compiled a 7–2–1 record, shut out five of ten opponents, and ranked No.
The Rocketdyne AR2 was a family of liquid-fuelled rocket engines designed and produced in the United States (US) during the 1950s and 1960s.
The Rocketdyne division of North American Aviation developed a relatively small liquid-fuelled rocket engine for thrust augmentation of manned aircraft during the late 1950s.
The AR2 is a single-chamber rocket engine burning kerosene (JP-4 or JP-5) jet fuel oxidised with 90% High Test Peroxide (HO / HTP) allowing the engine to use the same fuel as the aircraft fuel system.
The AR2-3 had variable-thrust and single lever throttle control, regulating flow of oxidiser to the turbo-pump gas-generator and thus flow of propellants to the combustion chamber.
The AR2-3 was evaluated in 1999 as part of the Future-X Demonstrator Engine project, for possible use in the Boeing X-37 Reusable Upper Stage Vehicle at a thrust of , with a specific impulse of 245 seconds.
A University of Cambridge and INSEAD graduate, his donations have enabled the founding of INSEAD San Francisco and the creation of a blockchain research fund.
He has also donated to Britain's Conservative Party and more recently has been a major donor to Britain's Brexit Party, donating £5 million in 2019.
He was educated at Westminster School and is a graduate of Downing College, University of Cambridge, from where he received the degrees of MA, MEng and MBA.
He is the CEO of Sherriff Global Group which trades in private planes, and the owner of AML Global, a firm that sells aviation fuel.
Harborne donated £5m to Britain's Brexit Party in 2019, £3 million in the summer and £2 million before the British 2019 General Election, making him the largest donor in 2019.
His sister Katharine, a scientist and artist who was previously a councillor for the Conservative Party, has been a candidate for the Brexit Party.
Before switching his donations to the Brexit Party, Harborne had donated smaller sums, averaging £15,000 per annum since 2001, to the Conservative Party.
Elís Miele Coelho (born December 30, 1998), is a Brazilian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Brazil World 2019.
She is the founder of 'Projeto Doe Fios' which works with women with a terminal illness and provides them with hair.
In 2013, she completed her professional modeling course and also participated in the Miss Ipatinga Teen 2013 and won the Top 10.
On September 3, 2019, Elís was crowned winner of Miss Brazil World 2019 at a ceremony held at the Dall' Onder Grande Hotel, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
On December 14, 2019, Elís reached the top five at Miss World 2019, losing out to Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh and gained the title Miss World Americas.
The company's core industries are insurance/reinsurance, banking/financial services, healthcare, public administration, lottery companies, the automotive industry and mechanical engineering and manufacturing industries.
This intention was confirmed by the Annual General Meetings of the two companies, first by Adesso AG on 14 July 2006 and then by BOV AG on 25 July 2006.
As part of the merger of Adesso and BOV AG, Adesso took over the stock exchange listing of BOV AG by reverse takeover.
In May 2008, the new Adesso shares from the capital increase were admitted to trading on the regulated market of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in order to carry out the merger.
On 20 April 2010, the company acquired 60% of the shares of evu.it GmbH, a provider of specialised SAP solutions for energy and water utilities, which was increased to 100% in 2013 and the company's business was transferred to Adesso AG as part of an asset deal in August 2013.
The company specializes in consulting, implementing and maintaining e-Business applications, combining agency services such as design- and user experience with the implementation of e-Commerce platforms.
With effect from 1 July 2015 adesso acquired 100% of the shares of the Born Informatik AG in Bern, Switzerland, with approximately 120 employees.
In May 2016, Karlsruher Smarthouse Media GmbH, a provider of information and marketing platforms for financial service providers, followed with another 120 employees.
IT Solutions comprises the software product and solutions business, in particular the standard software product family in|sure for the insurance industry and the FirstSpirit content management system.
This software is used by numerous large companies such as Robert Bosch GmbH, Commerzbank AG and EADS for their Internet and Intranet presences.
Adesso is represented in Germany in addition to its headquarters in Dortmund in Aachen, Berlin, Bonn, Bremen, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Hanover, Jena, Karlsruhe, Cologne, Much, Munich, Münster, Nuremberg, Reutlingen, Stralsund and Stuttgart.
Chadong is flanked by Riha in the North, Nongdam in the South, Yaingangpokpi in the west and Shingkap in the east.
The average sex ratio of the village is 878 female to 1000 male which is lower than Manipur state average of 985.
Most of the arable land in the village also got submerged and some of the residents relocated to a higher ground while most of the residents resettled elsewhere.
The submerged church and the old settlement is visible when the water level of the dam recedes during winter and is a major attraction for tourists to revisit the once flourishing village.
The Argentina women's national under-21 field hockey team represents Argentina in women's international under-21 field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Argentine Hockey Confederation, the governing body for field hockey in Argentina.
He is the deputy director of Southeast University's State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves and the Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology and deputy dean of School of Information Science & Engineering.
He earned his bachelor's degree in 1987, an master's degree in 1989, and doctor's degree in 1993, all in engineering science and all from Xidian University.
He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1997 to 1999, and was a research scientist since 2000.
In October 2001 he was hired as a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Information Science & Engineering, Southeast University.
She has won titles on the World Ladies Billiards and Snooker circuit and was runner-up in the 2000 World Women's Billiards Championship.
In 1985, she won the Pontins (Brean Sands) Ladies tournament, was the losing finalist in the UK championship, and a semi-finalist in the world championship.
Walch, paired with Jimmy White, reached the 1991 World Masters Mixed Doubles final, but they lost 3–6 to Steve Davis and Allison Fisher.
Georgina García Pérez and Sara Sorribes Tormo won the title, defeating Ekaterina Alexandrova and Oksana Kalashnikova in the final 6–2, 7–6.
He was Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2010 and a tutor at Christ Church, Oxford, between 1971 and 2010.
Vaughan-Lee completed his Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree at the University of Oxford in 1968 and then taught at Vanderbilt University for two years as an assistant professor.
In 1970, he was appointed to a lectureship at the University of Queensland, but resigned the following year and returned to the United Kingdom to become a tutor in mathematics at Christ Church, Oxford, where he remained until he retired in 2010.
In 1996, he was awarded the title of Professor of Mathematics by the University of Oxford; since retirement in 2010, he has been an emeritus professor.
It is set to be the twenty-eighth season of the Japan Automobile Federation Super GT Championship which includes the All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship (JGTC) era and the sixteenth season the series to compete under the Super GT name.
It is to be the thirty-eighth overall season of a national JAF sportscar championship dating back to the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship.
On 26 July 2019, the GTA announced the provisional calendar for the 2020 Super GT series, with the number of rounds remaining at 8, but with an increase in the number of overseas races, with the return of Chang International Circuit in Thailand, and for the first time since 2013 Super GT Series, a return to Sepang International Circuit, in Malaysia.
Despite its absence in the calendar, Sepang had remained a popular choice for manufacturers when reviewing locations for testing, particularly during the winter months.
At the time, dates for neither of the overseas rounds were revealed, although the races were expected to take place between June and August.
The Fuji 500 mile round, introduced to replace the 1000 km of Suzuka, was dropped to avoid a clash with the 2020 Summer Olympics, which would be held in Tokyo.
Gibson was educated at the University of Sussex where she studied a PhD looking at mosquito behaviour and was awarded the degree in 1981.
She was a postdoctoral researcher at the Silwood Park campus of Imperial College London and later a lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
In 1998 she moved to the Natural Resource Institute at the University of Greenwich where she leads on Pest Behaviour Research.
Gibson's research looks the sensory physiology and behaviour of mosquitoes and how this influences their interactions with humans and other animals.
She found that mosquitoes can adapt their acoustic behaviour to aid mating, they will adjust their wingbeat frequency to synchronise with that of a mosquito of the opposite sex flying near them, so as to aid mating in mid air.
Her team subsequently found that mosquitoes of the same sex or of different species are not able to match wingbeat frequencies and are therefore not able to mate.
Gibson's team have created a new mosquito trap that can mimic human body odour and incorporates design to encourage mosquitoes to land on the trap surface.
At the turn of the 15th century the Lasharis, led by Mir Gwahram Khan Lashari, are believed to have engaged in a 30-year war against the Rind, in which the Rind were mostly eliminated.
After completing his master's degree in modern control theory at Harbin Engineering University, he attended Harbin Institute of Technology where he obtained his doctor's degree in general mechanics in 1989.
He taught at Harbin Institute of Technology since 1991, what he was promoted to associate professor in August 1991 and to full professor in November 1991.
It was opened on 10 November 1989 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Los Dos Caminos to Palo Verde.
The UNAF U-21 Women's Tournament () is a football (soccer) women's tournament held between nations for under 21 who are members of the UNAF association, however some other teams which are not members are invited.
The Barber of Seville (French: Le barbier de Séville) is a 1933 French musical film directed by Hubert Bourlon and Jean Kemm and starring André Baugé, Fernand Charpin and Hélène Robert.
Lists of art awards cover some of the notable awards presented for art, some for a specific form or genre, some for artists from one country or region, some more general.
The lists are organized by the region of the body issuing the award, although the awards may not be restricted to artists in that region.
James Charles Dempsey (30 Aug 1908 – 9 Jul 1979), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Hartmut Johann Otto Pogge von Strandmann (born 1938) is a German historian and academic, who was Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford between 1996 and 2005.
Born in 1938, Pogge von Strandmann attended the University of Bonn, the University of Berlin and the University of Hamburg, where he studied history, philosophy, geography, politics and economics.
He completed the first part of examinations in 1962 and was then a senior scholar at St Antony's College, Oxford, between 1962 and 1966 and a junior research fellow at Balliol College, Oxford, between 1966 and 1970, completing a DPhil in 1970 with a thesis on Imperial Germany's Colonial Council.
Pogge von Strandmann was lecturer in modern European history at the University of Sussex from 1970 to 1977, when he returned to Oxford as a fellow at University College.
He was awarded the title of Professor of Modern History by the University of Oxford in 1996, and retired in 2005.
He has held visiting professorships at the University of Rostock (1991 and 1992), the University of Namibia (1993–95) and Washington and Lee University (2004).
Eleven Liberal Democrat Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the 2019 general election.
He was a member of the Advisory Committee for State Informatization and director of State Key Laboratory of Information Security and National Computer Network Intrusion Prevention Center.
He received his bachelor's degree in applied mathematics from Shaanxi Normal University in 1988, and his master's degree in cryptography in 1993 and doctor's degree in communication and information systems in 1995 from Xidian University.
He has been a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) since November 1997.
Mokubung completed her fashion schooling in 2000 and began working as an in-house designer at Stoned Cherrie, a local fashion brand.
When she won the competition she travelled to New York and Mumbai for six months and there she showed her first solo range.
In that same year, she designed her first solo collection, which was shown at the 8th annual South Africa Fashion Week.
She won the gold medal in the women's short distance 5 km B2 event and also in the women's long distance 10 km B2.
He was Professor of Law at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2009 and has been a fellow of University College, Oxford, since 1978.
Lemire won the gold medals in the women's short distance 5 km LW3/4/9 and women's long distance 10 km LW3/4/9 events.
Of these, 71.3% spoke Russian, 24.0% Udmurt, 2.6% Tatar, 1.0% Bashkir, 0.6% Mari, 0.1% Yiddish and 0.1% Estonian as their native language.
Gatehouse is Professor of Invertebrate Molecular Biology at Newcastle University, is on the Council of the International Congress of Entomology, and is the Director of Expertise for BioEconomy.
Gatehouse's research examines plant and pest insect interactions at the molecular level, and how this can be used for integrated pest management.
She has researched compounds for novel biopesticides which may have less or no impact on non target organisms such as pollinators and predators.
Her team tested the Hv1a/GNA fusion protein as a potential biopesticide, the compound combines a venom toxin of an Australian funnel web spider and snowdrop lectin and they found it did not have detrimental effects on honeybees.
Her work has looked at how plants interact with insects and how this can be manipulated to reduce the attraction of crop plants to insect pests.
Her team identified that the compound limonene makes Marigold plants good companion plants with tomatoes, as they repel the insect pest the glasshouse whitefly.
In total athletes representing Finland won nine gold medals, eight silver medals and eight bronze medals and the country finished in 4th place in the medal table.
The Cap Éternité is a mountain in the municipality of Rivière-Éternité, the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, Canada.
The cap Trinité is a rock wall in three plateaus of the Baie Éternité overhanging the Saguenay River, the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, Canada.
According to a legend montagnais, the cape Trinité would be the result of the combat between Mayo, the first Montagnais, and of a bad manitou.
Parish was appointed to a lectureship at the University of Liverpool in 1973; he returned to Oxford in 1976 when he was elected a fellow and tutor in French at St Catherine's College and appointed to a university lectureship.
He was awarded the title of Professor of French in 1996 and retired in 2015, since when he has been an emeritus professor.
The Hatfield and Reading Turnpike was an English turnpike road created in the 1760s to provide a route that connected the Great North Road (the modern A1) with the Holyhead Road (A5) and the Bath Road (A4).
It is said that the Marquis of Salisbury, who lived at Hatfield House, wanted a route to the Great West Road avoiding central London, for onward travel to the spa towns of Bath and Cheltenham where, as a sufferer of gout, he often took the waters.
, With others (including the Earl of Essex, who suffered from a similar affliction, and who lived at Cassiobury House near Watford) he sponsored an Act of Parliament passed in 1757 for the building of a road from Hatfield to Reading.
The Reading and Hatfield Turnpike Trust was set up by a further Act passed in 1768, to improve the route between the two towns.
It ran via St Albans, Watford, Rickmansworth, Amersham, High Wycombe and Marlow, with two alternative routes south and west from there, one to Knowl Hill (on the Great West Road between Maidenhead and Reading) and the other to Reading itself via Henley-on-Thames.
On classification by the newly formed Ministry of Transport in 1922, it formed parts of the A414 (Hatfield - St Albans), A412 (St Albans - Watford - Rickmansworth), A404 (Rickmansworth - Amersham), A416 (Amersham - High Wycombe - Marlow - Knowl Hill) and A32 (Marlow - Henley - Reading).
In 1935, the A404 was extended along the A416 section between Amersham and the A4 to make it easier for those who wanted to use the route for its original function, while the A32 section through Henley was renumbered the A4155 .
It was acquired by the city of Glenns Falls in 1986 and became the Glenns Ferry Historical Museum, which is open seasonally.
It is a two-and-a-half-story building upon on a raised basement, built of native stone, sitting centered in its own city block.
It has 10 bays on its front, northwest facade, six on each side facade, and 11 on the rear, southeast facade.
It has also been known as Glenns Ferry High School; it served as a general school until 1923, and thereafter as an elementary school.
A second contributing building is a one-story brick lavatory building with a pyramidal roof, built directly behind the school, sometime between 1911 and 1928.
Callaghan was awarded a PhD in Insect Biochemistry from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1989, she then moved to the University of Montpellier as a Royal Society Science Exchange fellow.
Since 1990 she has been based at the University of Reading, where she is Professor of Invertebrate Zoology and is also Curator of the Cole Museum of Zoology.
Her research looks at freshwater invertebrates and she specialises in British mosquitoes, and the microplastic pollution and ecotoxicology of freshwater invertebrates.
Callaghan has showed that in lab experiments mosquito larvae can feed on microplastic particles and these will remain in their bodies when they metamorphose through to a pupa and then a flying adult mosquito.
She monitors British mosquito species to look at whether their distribution and behaviour is changing in response to global climate change and whether there might be a risk of Malaria disease transmission in Northern Europe.
In particular she has highlighted that the use of water butts in UK gardens can create a habitat in which female mosquitoes can lay their eggs.
The Haute Autorité pour la transparence de la vie publique (HATVP) is a French administrative authority in charge of checking the patrimonial status and activities to detect potential conflicts of interest of some French public servants.
Until 1988, preventing deontologic problems in the Politics of France was based on Criminal procedure of crimes such as Conflict of interest or Cronyism, but here were no means to prevent these kinds of problems.
In 1988, the Luchaire Affair happened: between 1982 and 1986, while Charles Hernu was the French Minister of Defence, France supplied shells to Iran.
In 1994, a parliamentary working group led by Philippe Séguin makes 18 proposals including the limitation of election expenses and a reform of the status of political parties, and the extension of the mandatory declaration of status to more public servants.
The flag of The Hauge was on established on December 2th 1920 by a decision of the municipal government of The Hague.
In 1857, the mayor of The Hague announced to the the Minister of Interior that the colors of the flag would be black and yellow, equal to the color of the Coat of arms of The Hague.
The 1947 Lincoln Lions football team was an American football team that represented Lincoln University of Pennsylvania as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their 13th season under head coach Manuel Rivero, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 164 to 120.
Whaling was an important economic activty in Chile from the 19th century to 1983 when the last whale was hunted in Chilean waters.
A passive style of whaling may have been practised by the canoe-faring peoples of the fjords and channels of southern Chile during Pre-hispanic times.
Similarly to the peoples from the fjords and channels inhabitants of more northern parts of Chile practised pasive hunting from at least colonial times to well into the 20th century.
The presence of New England whalers in Chilean Waters catalyzed the local whaling industry which had developed considersbly by 1868 with 19 whaling ships being registered in Chile.
In the 1960s the whaling industry declined severily and the processing factories in Bajo Molle and Quintay closed in 1965 and 1967 respectively.
The statue of Notre-Dame-du-Saguenay is a statue located on Cap Trinité, at the mouth of Baie Trinité, near the village of Rivière-Éternité, and the river Saguenay River, in Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
It is made entirely of white pine and is covered with thin sheets of lead to protect it from the elements.
One winter day when he was heading towards Lac Saint-Jean, the ice broke under his feet and he fell into the water; he struggled but in vain.
At the Havre de Québec, we load the Notre-Dame-du-Saguenay statue on board the Union steamer from the company St-Laurent, a boat that provides service between Quebec and Chicoutimi.
The steep wall of Cape Trinity making it impossible to dock a boat as imposing as the steamer Union, we leave the statue at L’Anse-Saint-Jean.
Immersed in water, it is then pulled from this place over a distance of about nine miles by two men in a rowboat.
They install wooden beams along the cape as well as a hoist actuating a cable about 50 feet in length that they fix on the side of the mountain.
An attempt is made to hoist one of the three parts of the statue for the first time, but the attempt is unsuccessful because the weight is too great.
The statue is therefore separated into fourteen pieces, previously assembled by Louis Jobin using wooden dowels, to manage to hoist it.
Slowly, we go up the pieces by raising them one by one 50 feet at a time until the first level of Cape Trinité.
She won three bronze medals in ice sledge speed racing at the 1980 Winter Paralympics and four gold medals in ice sledge speed racing at the 1984 Winter Paralympics.
AHINDA (A Kannada acronym for Alpasankhyataru or minorities, Hindulidavaru or backward classes, and Dalitaru or Dalits) is a Political terminology coined by the Karnataka state’s first backward leader Devraj Urs, AHINDA has been reinvigorated by Siddaramaiah.
The Equestrian at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games was held between 30 May to 3 June at Bukit Timah Polo Club.
Two capes border it at the mouth of the Saguenay: Cap Trinité () to the northwest, Cap Éternité () at the South-East.
De Jong was born on 19 May 1866 as the daughter of the lawyer Sir Johan Jan François de Jong van Beek en Donk and Anna Cécile Wilhelmine Jeanne Jacqueline Nahuys, as the second of three children.
She remarried in Paris on 28 May 1904, to Michel Frenkel and gave birth to a son, Pierre Michel, in 1905.
Her earlier divorce had caused a break with her family, and her death in Méréville, France, on 15 June 1944 went mostly unnoticed in her native country, the Netherlands.
Even though many historians dismissed her because she was from a higher class, she was one of the, if not the, most famous feminist authors in the Netherlands around the 1900s.
The novel encompasses a story about the first female lawyer (fictional) in the Netherlands, and also touches upon how women can build their own meaningful lives without having to depend on others.
Because of this pamphlet in novel form, the book did end up with the desired public, namely women from the bourgeoisie.
However, the novel was criticised, because it was only focussing on higher class women, and does not give a voice to lower class women.
Hilda was a role model for higher class women, because she was able to combine her career as a lawyer with a good marriage and motherhood, and the novel showed how girls can create a meaningful life.
According to literary critic Henri Smissaert, De Jong's second novel Lilia depicted too much immoral behavior, and did not offer a counter perspective to this behavior.
On the other hand, Smissaert says, she is a person of flesh and blood, in contrast to Hilda and Corona in Hilda van Suylenberg.
Author Anna de Savornin Lohman argues that it is bad to exercise free love, because the change in morality would not lead to the liberation of women.
In addition, Lilia is seen as egoistic, because she only thinks about herself and not about her child, who will now have to live with the backlog that Lilia has given him as an outcast.
Ray A. Parson (born May 30, 1947) is a former American football tackle in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Detroit Lions.
The parish was formed as a result of the administrative reform in 2017 when four municipalities – Keila Parish, Padise Parish, Vasalemma Parish and the town of Paldiski – were merged to become Lääne-Harju Parish.
The rest of the settlements are villages: Alliklepa, Altküla, Änglema, Audevälja, Harju-Risti, Hatu, Illurma, Karilepa, Kasepere, Keelva, Keibu, Kersalu, Kloogaranna, Kobru, Kulna, Kurkse, Kõmmaste, Käesalu, Laane, Langa, Laoküla, Laulasmaa, Lehola, Lemmaru, Lohusalu, Madise, Maeru, Meremõisa, Merenuka, Metslõugu, Määra, Nahkjala, Niitvälja, Ohtu, Padise, Pae, Pedase, Põllküla, Suurküla, Tuulna, Tõmmiku, Valkse, Veskiküla, Vihterpalu, Vilivalla, Vintse.
In total athletes representing Norway won 25 gold medals, 21 silver medals and 14 bronze medals and the country finished in 1st place in the medal table.
Theodosius (also Theodor or Theodorus) Gottlieb von Scheven (born 3 January 1751 on Usedom - died 23 March 1810 from typhus) was a pastor and German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera.
Von Scheven was born on 3 January 1751 on Usedom, as third son of deacon Joachim Nikolaus von Scheven and pastor's daughter Katharina Maria von Scheven (née Thilow).
He was busy in teaching in the lessons of seminary beside his education, and was also studying Arabic and English languages.
The 10th Macau International Movie Festival () were held in Macau by the Macau Film and Television Media Association in December 2017.
The Mountain Home Carnegie Library, at 180 S. 3rd St. East, in Mountain Home, Idaho, was built as a Carnegie library in 1908.
The Women's 100 metres grade II event was one of the events held in Ice sledge speed racing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics.
The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong (Licentiate Society, Chinese: 香港執照醫生醫學會, and branded also as LMCHK SOC) is an independent, non-profit, recognized professional body representing doctors that have graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong and that have attained (or are in the process of attaining) medical licensure in Hong Kong.
The member doctors graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong, attained medical licensure in their original jurisdiction, and then successfully cleared the qualification requirements for registering as a medical practitioner in Hong Kong.
Before non-local medical graduates can become registered medical practitioners in Hong Kong, they are required to attain a license from the Medical Council of Hong Kong (i.e., the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong or LMCHK qualification).
The pathway to earn the qualification requires passing a rigorous Hong Kong Medical Licensing Examination (HKMLE) and undergoing a period of training or local work experience.
The pre-1997 colonial government exempted graduates of commonwealth countries from having to sit for a licensing exam or having to serve additional training.
After 1997, all non-local graduates were required to earn the LMCHK licensure in order to register to practice in Hong Kong.
The Licentiate Society traces its formation to 15 June 2017, when the doctors started a popular WhatsApp group and began meeting regularly.
On 26 November 2019, the group incorporated as a nonprofit company limited by guarantee with the name The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong.
The Licentiate Society has LMCHK doctors from over 20 different licensing jurisdictions including (in order by relative numbers of doctors): UK, Mainland China, Australia, Ireland, USA, Canada, South Africa, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, Belgium, India, Korea, Nepal, Netherland-Antilles, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Russia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
The Licentiate Society's governing body is the Council and consists of 9 Council Members, who serve as its board of directors.
The 2019–20 Omaha Mavericks men's basketball team represent the University of Nebraska Omaha in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Mavericks, led by 15th-year head coach Derrin Hansen, play their home games at Baxter Arena in Omaha, Nebraska as members of the Summit League.
In the Summit League Tournament, they defeated North Dakota in the quarterfinals, Purdue Fort Wayne in the semifinals, advancing to the championship game, where they fell to North Dakota State.
This body of water is located in the unorganized territory of Lalemant, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Rivière des Cèdres is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Lac Desprez has a length of in the shape of a cucumber star, a maximum width of , an altitude is and an area of .
No records of her during her life in the town have been located in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum that confirm the Stuart royal link; it was only after her death that the details of her life were recorded in oral histories of Wisbech residents.
Stuart's father, James II of England, was an English prince in exile in France following the execution of his father, Charles I. when she was born.
She left court for a life in keeping with her values as a Quaker around age 34, when her father, by then King of England, was exiled to France.
She left in disguise, perhaps a Quaker's dress, and went north, ending in Wisbech, working first in fields and then as a spinner.
Later in life, Stuart was sought out by the Duke of Argyll; she recognized his coach and hid, thinking he was seeking her out to be a political pawn.
It is said that Stuart preferred her simple life to that of one at court and claimed she would not give it up to be Queen of England.
The travel writer James Hooper was shown around the Friends Meeting House and Burying Ground by Alexander Peckover in 1897, later in his newspaper article he notes 'the headstone inscription - Jane Stuart Died 1742 Aged 88' and 'this highly accomplished woman once fainted in the God's Acre of the peace-loving Friends, and under the turfy spot on which she fell lie her remains'.
In 1925, the Morse family created Carolina Mountain Power Company and funded the construction of a dam on the Broad River (through a mortgage) which produced the lake after which the town is named.
The dam's power plant began operations in 1928 with the sale of electricity under a 10-year contract to the Blue Ridge Power Company, a local predecessor of Duke Power.
Knott became part of the national athletics team of the Philippines after she established contact with the officials of the country's national athletics federation through her connection with fellow Filipino-American athletes.
She made her international debut for the Philippines at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta where she was the only Southeast Asian who qualified for the final of the 200 meters event.
At the heats of the 200-meter event she set a new Philippine national record set by finishing the race at 23.07 seconds.
Knott surpassed her own record by finishing at 23.01 seconds in the final which secured her the women's 200 meters event gold medal.
Knott also won a gold medal in the 4x100-meter mixed relay event and two silver medals in the women's 100-meter sprint and 4x100-meter relay.
Knott grew up in the United States with her mother being a Filipino from Imus, Cavite, and her father a citizen of the United States.
She volunteered herself to compete for the Philippines internationally in athletics as part of her efforts to connect with her Filipino heritage.
She is the current President of the Caledonian Republicans party and the incumbent President of the Provincial Assembly of South Province since May 17, 2019.
In chemistry, a Verkade base (or Verkade superbase) is a superbase with the formula P(MeNCHCH)N. A colorless oil, it is an aminophosphine although its inventor John Verkade called it proazaphosphatrane.
The 2020 season is Clube de Regatas do Flamengo's 125th year of existence, their 109th football season, and their 50th in the Brazilian Série A, having never been relegated from the top division.
In addition to the 2020 Brasileirão, Flamengo also competed in the CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores, the Copa do Brasil, and the Campeonato Carioca, the top tier of Rio de Janeiro's state football league, Supercopa do Brasil and Recopa Sudamericana.
As Flamengo will participate in the 2020 Copa Libertadores, the club will enter the Copa do Brasil in the round of 16.
In February 2018, it was announced Ethan Hawke had joined the cast of the film, with Michael Almereyda directing from a screenplay he wrote.
Irai Leima or Ereima or Hiyangthang Lairembi is the Kanglei goddess of water and aquatic life in Kanglei mythology and Sanamahism, whose spirit dwells in the famous Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple according to common legend.
Lüderitz was born in the village of Dudweiler in the territory of the Saar Basin, however he grew up in Wickrathberg near Mönchengladbach in Germany.
In 1951, he graduated as choirmaster from the Cologne University of Music and went on to study musicology at the University of Cologne from 1951 to 1954.
From 1956 until his death in 2012 he lived in the neighborhood of Porz in Cologne, where he was active as a choirmaster and church musician.
The first compositions by Wolfgang Lüderitz where published in 1954, but his works became more popular in Germany in the 1960s.
In the mid-1980s, he had already published about 170 original compositions and derivative works of both secular and religious music, ranging from simple stanzaic songs to symphonic cantatas.
Three from St Cyr (French: Trois de St Cyr) is a 1939 French adventure film directed by Jean-Paul Paulin and starring Roland Toutain, Jean Mercanton and Jean Chevrier.
It was part of a group of big budget war and spy stories made at the time, which enjoyed box office success in the period just before the Second World War broke out.
Three graduates of the French military academy at St Cyr are posted to Syria where they become involved in the fight against rebels.
The 1995–96 season was Mansfield Town's 59th season in the Football League and 23rd in the Third Division they finished in 18th position with 53 points.
At the 1991 Women's World Snooker Championship, Karen Corr won the first of her semi-final against Davidson with a of the .
She then won the second on a , and later the fourth frame with a fluked on her way to a 5–0 win.
In 1992 she joined the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association and competed in events on the professional circuit for the 1992–93 season.
Following a break of some three years from playing, Davidson started competing again and reached the final of the Regal Welsh Open.
She went on to win the 1998 UK Championship, winning 4–1 in the final against Kelly Fisher after losing the first frame.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
As December 15, 2019, no diseases are attributed to this mark although Pleckstrin homology domain's (PHIP) targetable bromodomain specifically binds H4K91ac which could implicate PHIP in the progression of melanoma.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity, but this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
She moved with her family to the United States as a child, and was raised in Des Moines, Iowa, where she graduated from the Highland Park Conservatory of Music.
She toured on the Chautauqua and lyceum circuits with the Midland Concert Company as a young woman, and as head of the Rachel Steinman Concert Company.
In 1917, for example, the Clarke company gave 142 concerts in 71 cities in 70 days, driving Clarke's Ford over 4,500 miles through Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin in the process.
Clarke was a member of the Chicago Civic Symphony Orchestra, and on the faculty of the Lyceum Arts Conservatory of Chicago.
Born in 1931, Fowler attended University College, Oxford, between 1950 and 1954, and was then at University College Hospital in London until 1956, when he graduated with his medical degree (BM BCh).
He completed the Diploma of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (DObst RCOG) in 1958 and the Diploma in Child Health (DCH) the next year.
Fowler entered general practice in 1959 and worked in Oxford, becoming the college doctor to Balliol College, Oxford, in 1974 (an office he held until 1991).
In 1972, he was appointed a World Health Organisation Fellow and in 1978 became a professorial fellow at Balliol and a clinical reader in general practice at the University of Oxford.
He was awarded the title of Professor of General Practice in 1996, and retired the following year, retaining an emeritus fellowship at Balliol.
He is a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (elected in 1996), the Royal College of General Practitioners (elected in 1978) and the Faculty of Public Health.
Two days later , Commander Colin Macdonald, captain, encountered her west of Ushant, making her way towards Brest under jury main and mizzen masts.
Rather than engage her and risk being crippled and so unable to follow her given the weather, Macdonald decided to follow her.
Gordon Bennett Bowdell III (born October 9, 1948) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Denver Broncos.
However, the film was not released for two years after filming, during which Yoon struggled to make money while work on various part-time jobs such as serving in a coffee shop to move out of her parent's house who were against her career choice.
Some are restricted to artists from a particular country or region, and some are open to artists from around the world.
L'Anse Saint-Jean (English: Saint-Jean Bay) is a bay located on the south shore of the Saguenay River at L'Anse-Saint-Jean, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada.
Located between Anse du Petit Saguenay (east side) and Baie Éternité (west side), Anse Saint-Jean is a haven for pleasure boating in the event of large waves.
In July 2019, it was announced Richard Jenkins, Shane Paul McGhie, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, Birgundi Baker, Allison Tolman and Ed O'Neill had joined the cast of the film, with Andrew Cohn directing from a screenplay he wrote.
He was the former Mayor of Gwanak District (1998-2006), as well as the Member of National Assembly for Gwanak 2nd constituency (2008-2012).
He earned a bachelor's degree in political diplomacy, as well as a master's degree and a doctorate in public administration from Konkuk University.
Prior to the 2008 election, Kim was selected as the United Democratic Party's candidate for Gwanak 2nd constituency, after the incumbent Lee Hae-chan did not seek re-election.
The UPP was banned by the court order on 19 December 2014, in which the elections of its all MPs were nullified.
He tried to come back as the Mayor of Gwanak in the year but ended up with 6.16%, far behind of Park Joon-hui (DPK).
The colors indicate the home brand of the champions (names without a color are former WWE wrestlers, Hall of Famers, or non-wrestlers).
Norfolk and Burdekin also won the Quad Doubles event at the Japan Open as part of the 2012 ITF Wheelchair Tennis Tour.
In 2014 and 2015 Lapthorne and Burdekin also won the silver medals in the Quad Doubles event of the Wheelchair Tennis Masters.
She later moved to Ibadan, Oyo State and attended Lead City University, where she graduated with a bachelor of science degree in Business Administration in 2017.
Prior to winning Miss Nigeria, she worked as a Chef and a customer relationship manager at Yumme Meals, a catering and confectionery outfit located in F.C.T., Abuja.
White Youth is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Norman Dawn and starring Edith Roberts, Alfred Hollingsworth, Thomas Jefferson, Arnold Gray, and Hattie Peters.
Global Climate Action, originally known as Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Action (NAZCA), is a portal launched in 2014 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The site is important because, even if all the pledges in Paris Agreement as they are in 2019, are fulfilled, the temperature will rise by 3.2 degrees in this century.
But, a report published in September 2019 before the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit says, that the full implementation of all pledges taken by international coalitions, countries, cities, regions and businesses (not only in the Paris Agreement) will be sufficient to limit temperature rise to 2 degrees but not to 1.5 degrees.
The Mystical Nativity or Adoration in the Forest was painted by Fra Filippo Lippi (c. 1406 – 1469) around 1459 as the altarpiece for the Magi Chapel in the new Palazzo Medici in Florence.
It is a highly individual depiction of the familiar scene of the Nativity of Jesus in art, placed in a mountainous forest setting, with debris from woodcutting all around, rather than the familiar stable in Bethlehem, and with the usual figures and animals around the mother and child replaced by others.
The painting is in oil on a poplar panel, and the painted surface measures 127 x 116 cm, with the panel being 129.5 x 118.5 cm.
They are on a patch of ground with grass, several types of flower in bloom, but also some of the debris of forestry that appears throughout the forest background.
However, he is shown as perhaps five or six years old, a much bigger age difference with the newborn Jesus than the church taught.
Above John the Baptist is the praying figure of Saint Romuald (c.951 – c. 1025/27), founder of the Camaldolese order of monks, to which the Medici family, the patrons of the painting had connections.
At the top of the painting, slightly off-centre, are the two other persons of the Christian Holy Trinity, God the Father and the Holy Spirit, represented as a dove.
John's figure almost reaches the left edge of the painted surface, but on the right of the composition there is a generous slice of background, interrupted only by Mary's robe.
It is not uncommon to have saints and persons not mentioned in the biblical accounts in Nativity scenes, but in addition to the normal elements.
The scene is set on a steep slope in a rather dark forest, mostly consisting of pine trees, which runs right to the top of the composition, so that no sky can be seen.
A small goldfinch is perched on a stump at the front of the picture-space, near Jesus's foot; a common symbol in art for the Passion of Christ in the future.
Only nine Florentine families were given the right in this period, and most of the identifiable altarpieces for such chapels featured several saints associated with the family, often the namesakes of members.
These show the large and lively processions of the three Biblical Magi and their crowded trains making their way to Bethlehem, and include a number of portraits of the Medici family.
The Medici, in particular Lucrezia Tornabuoni Medici, wife of the head of the family Piero de' Medici, were supporters of the order, and in the 1560s financed extensive rebuilding at Camaldoli, including cells reserved for their use when they visited.
It is agreed that the forest in the painting represents the thick pine forests on the steep slopes around the monastery.
Woodcutting was a part of daily life for the community there, and timber for Florentine builders a major source of income.
Many of the monks lived as hermits in small huts in forest clearings where they grew crops on their own plots.
Because of this passage, an axe was an attribute of John the Baptist in art, though by this period it was rare in Western art.
It may also have had other specific and personal meanings for Lippi, arising from the traditions of his own Carmelite order.
Although there is surviving correspondence showing that Piero de' Medici took a considerable interest in the Gozzoli frescos, making his wishes prevail, there is nothing comparable for the altarpiece, and it has been argued that his wife Lucrezia was more significant for that.
Another candidate is the Archbishop of Florence until his death in 1459, Saint Antoninus of Florence, who knew the Medici well.
The painting was created at the height of the power of the Medici family; Piero was dead within a few years, and the power of their many enemies grew until the main family members were expelled from Florence in 1494.
Their goods were confiscated, and the Lippi was for several years hung as the altarpiece in the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, headquarters of the republic.
When the Medici returned in 1512 they reclaimed it and it returned to their palace, where it remained for the next three centuries.
The Englishman Edward Solly, whose large fortune came appropriately from trading timber, bought the painting in 1814, during the upheavals of the Napoleonic wars, and it was acquired for the Berlin collection in 1821, as part of a large sale of his collection.
It became famous and popular with the public on display in Berlin over the next century, and in 1940 was moved with other important works to safe storage in a Berlin bunker.
In 1945 this was not felt safe enough, and with thousands of other artworks and other valuables it was moved to a potassium mine.
On arrival they were hung in the basement of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, but the collection was not opened to the public, as the seizure had become controversial, with criticism in the press and Congress.
Eventually the paintings were displayed as a temporary exhibition in the National Gallery, which toured to twelve cities in 1948–49; they were then sent back to Germany.
After returning to West Berlin, the painting had a number of homes in the Berlin State Museums before the new building of the Gemäldegalerie at the Kulturforum was opened in 1998.
At 14:11 PST (06:11 UTC) on December 15, 2019, the province of Davao del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.8 .
The strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated partly by the Philippine Fault System and partly by the Cotabato Fault System, a network of mainly NW-SE trending sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults that form the boundary between the Cotabato Arc and the Central Mindanao Volcanic Belt.
In the area of the December 2019 earthquake, the individual faults include the NW-SE trending Makilala–Malungon Fault, Tangbulan Fault and the Central Digos Fault.
The maximum felt intensity was given as VII MMI on the ANSS ShakeMap and VII PEIS in the PHIVOLCS summary for this event.
The focal mechanism indicates strike-slip faulting with either sinistral movement on a NW-SE trending fault or dextral movement on a SW-NE trending fault, but the distribution of the aftershocks are consistent with the sinistral fault plane.
There were a series of large aftershocks, including nine of M ≥ 5.0 in the first 48 hours after the mainshock, with the largest being an 5.7 event about an hour afterwards, which had a maximum felt intensity of VII (MMI).
The greatest damage from the earthquake was in the area around the epicenter, in the towns of Matanao, Magsaysay, Hagonoy and Padada.
At least one road was declared impassable in the Matanao area, a hospital was destroyed in Hagonoy and there was significant damage to a police station and fire station in Padada.
A total of 5,973 houses were destroyed in Davao del Sur, with 31,832 suffering some damage and a further 32 in North Cotabato.
As of December 23, at least 13 people had been killed, one remained missing and a total of 210 people were reported injured in the quake.
As of December 29, 40,424 people from 10,505 families were reported to be sheltering in a total of 102 evacuation centers after the earthquake, with a further 100,427 people (23,321 families) being assisted by friends and family.
The opera was the first to be sung in a mixture of English and Italian, and it was one of the first London operas in which the castrato Nicolò Grimaldi (known as Nicolini) performed.
Camilla, heiress to the throne of the Volscians, disguised as Dorinda, a shepherdess (soprano); Prenesto, prince of Latium (soprano); Latinus, king of Latium (tenor); Lavinia, his daughter, (soprano); Turnus, king of the Rutuli, disguised as Armidoro, a Moorish slave (soprano); Metius, confidant of Camilla (tenor); Linco, servant of Camilla (bass); Tullia, Lavinia's maid (tenor); and a Hunter (tenor).
Act I: Camilla, disguised as a shepherdess, is hiding in the Volscian countryside and plans to overthrow the usurper King Latinus from the throne that is rightfully hers.
Before the statues of her ancestors, Camilla swears revenge against Latinus and turns to the people to stir up the struggle.
Meanwhile, Turnus, observed by Latinus, brings Lavinia poison and a dagger, offering her a choice of deaths as a way out of her impasse.
However, unable to kill her himself, he confesses his real identity to Latinus, offering his own life in exchange for hers.
The adaptation by McSwiney and Haym cut as much of the recitative as possible from libretto, as this was an unfamiliar form in English and difficult to write as effectively as in Italian.
While the first performances were entirely in English, some sections were turned back into Italian to accommodate foreign singers, so that the performances took place in a changing mix of two languages.
The original cast was: Holcomb (Prenesto), Hughs (Turnus), Lewis Ramondon (Metius), Richard Leveridge (Linco), Catherine Tofts (Camilla), Joanna Maria Lindelheim (Lavinia), and Mrs Lyndsey (Tullia).
The role of Turnus was taken by Valentino Urbani (Valentini), of Lavinia by Joanna Maria Lindelheim, and of Prenesto by Margherita de l'Épine.
The other roles were sung in English by Purbeck Turner (Latinus), Littleton Ramondon (Metius), Richard Leveridge (Linco), Catherine Tofts (Camilla) and Mary Lindsey (Tullia).
The original Italian opera by Stampiglia and Bononcini's premiered in Naples at the Teatro di S Bartolomeo on 27 December 1696.
It went in to become the most successful work of its period; the libretto was used in 38 known productions before 1767.
Bononcini's score was substantially used in 27 of these while there were 38 settings by other composers including Leo, Vinci (Parma 1725) and Porpora.
Some are restricted to artists in a particular genre or from a given country or region, while others are broader in scope.
Cameron obtained a BSc in Zoology in 1983 from Bedford College (now Royal Holloway, University of London) and then a PhD in Entomology in 1987 from the University of London.
She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oxford and then a research fellow at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, before moving to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1995 as a lecturer, where she is now Professor of Medical Entomology.
Cameron carries out field and laboratory research focusing on the surveillance and control of a wide range of vector-borne diseases, particularly leishmaniasis.
She works internationally and she is a member of the World Health Organisation's Regional Technical Advisory Group focussing on Kala-azar disease elimination in South-East Asia.
The Fire Cat is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Norman Dawn and starring Edith Roberts, Walter Long, Eagle Eye, Olga D. Mojean, and Beatrice Dominguez.
Sylvia Nomandla Bloem is a South African politician from the Northern Cape who is currently serving as the province's MEC for Land Reform, Agriculture and Nature Conservation and Environmental Affairs.
The 2017 World Junior B Curling Championships was held from January 3 to 10 at the Östersund Arena in Östersund, Sweden.
The top three men’s and women’s teams at the World Junior B Curling Championships would qualify for the 2017 World Junior Curling Championships.
Gronda lagunare (lagunar eaves) is a term used to indicate the area of the Lagoon of Venice by its mainland shore.
The term is derived from the fact that it receives the waters from the rivers and streams which flow into the lagoon from the drainage basin of the plain of the mainland by the lagoon.
Since it is between the inflow of freshwater form rivers and sea saltwater, in its natural state it would be an area with freshwater wetlands, barene (saltmarshes), velme (mudflats), and lagunar channels which forms a transitional belt between the mainland and the open lagoon rather than forming a fixed boundary, with its conformation changing according to the interplay of the hydrodynamic forces of the lagoon and their hydrodynamic equilibrium.
However, this complex hydrologic and environmental system has undergone dramatic changes, both natural and, especially, man-made and has by and large lost it character as a transitional belt.
The drainage basin is a mildly inclined plain of alluvial formation to the north and along the sides of the lagoon which drains the watercourses coming from the Dolomites range of the Alps or from outcrop springs in the plain.
It is also reached by the tidal flows which come through the lagoon from the inlets of its coastal shoreline in its south.
A coastal lagoon is formed by the conjoint interaction between the freshwater of the inland watercourses and of the saltwater of the sea and is subject to a delicate hydrologic equilibrium between these.
The sea coastline is composed of the peninsulas of Cavallino and Sottomarina, which form the northern and southern part respectively, and the barrier islands of Lido and Pellestrina in the middle.
Over centuries the sediments brought in by the inland watercourses can cause significant silting and eventually fill the lagoon in, which can be turned into it into a delta by the force of the rivers.
One is to render the inlets non-navigable through the accumulation of sand carried by the current and, ultimately, closing them, turning the lagoon into inland waters closed off from the sea.
The other effect is an opposite one, a progressive erosion of the barrier islands through exceptional tides and, especially, storm surges.
If the sea was to erode the barrier islands to an insignificant size or submerge them, the lagoon would be turned into a coastal bay.
The Republic of Venice built a series of murazzi (imposing walls made of Istrian stone) along the seaward coasts of Pellestrina and Sottomarina to protect them from erosion by the sea between 1748 and 1784.
The Republic also diverted many of the rivers which drain into the lagoon away from it to prevent silting in some of its areas.
In the late 19th and early 20th century breakwaters were built at the inlets to stop the accumulation of sand there and ensure their navigability.
The Zero could overflow and pour its waters into the Dese, which in turn would overflow and pour its waters into the Marzenego.
Downpours could lead to frequent overflows and floods in the countryside over a wide area and changes in the courses of riverbeds.
Due to the low gradient of the pain there was also a tendency for water to stagnate in the lower tracts of the rivers.
In addition, the rivers continued on into the shallow lagoon, often reaching the sea, forming rivulets between the lagunar saltmarshes, bringing sediments into it and causing silting and mixing freshwater and saltwater, creating brackish water marshes which were liable to lead to problems with malaria.
Since the instability of the hydrogeography of the gronda lagunare, which could lead to floods, silting, stagnation of water and the development of wetlands, the Republic of Venice carried out many river diversion works over several centuries.
Venice's main concern was to protect the lagoon form silting, which could hamper the navigation of the lagunar channels and the gronda rivers which provided communication routes for her trade with the mainland.
As a result, Venice created diversion canals close to the edge to the lagoon as it was cheaper than carrying out such works further inland.
In addition, the canals further inland would have had a greater incline, guaranteeing a good pace of water flow which would have prevented floods and water stagnation.
Instead, canals by the lagoon had an insufficient incline, which meant that they could easily overflow and create floods and pools of stagnant water and wetlands, worsening the hydrologic situation of the gronda lagunare.
The Osellino canal was dug between 1510 and 1520 to partially divert the waters of the River Marzenego which flowed into the lagoon at Mestre.
It runs along the central part of the lagoon to the east of Mestre, close to its edge, and ends at the mouth of the River Dese, in the northern part of the lagoon.
Being so close to the lagoon, it lacked incline, flowed too slowly and created areas of stagnant waters and wetlands which caused problems with malaria.
The Republic of Venice never implemented plans for canals to collect the waters of all the rivers in the area (including the Muson, Dese and Zero) further inland to effectively prevent flooding because it was too expensive.
It diverts the waters of the River Sile which flowed into the northern part of the lagoon to the east of the above-mentioned rivers and takes them out of the lagoon, running along its edge.
In 1871 the left bank of the canal was raised and in 1889 a siphon underpass was built to allow two local rivers (the Vallio e Meolo) to flow into the lagoon.
To the west of Mestre, the River Brenta and other nearby watercourses caused floods and silting in the central area of the lagoon which led to disruptions in that part of the mainland countryside and obstructed navigation on the watercourses which connected Venice with the mainland.
To counter this, between the 14th century and the early 16th century, the Republic of Venice diverted the waters of this fluvial system, especially the Brenta, with a series of canals.
Between 1489 and 1507 the Brenta Nova canal was dug to divert the Brenta away from its original mouth at Fusina, near Venice, to Conche, in the southern lagoon.
Between 1554 and 1577 an embankment (the Parador di Brondolo) was built to take the mouth of the Brenta at Conche, together with the mouth of the nearby River Bacchiglione, away from the lagoon of Venice.
The two rivers were made to flow into the lagoon of Brondolo, which was to the south of the lagoon of Venice and connected to it.
This lagoon, which did not have a direct access to the sea, was turned into a freshwater lake and, later, it became completely silted up.
The southern part of the Lagoon of Venice, having lost the sediment input for the Brenta, became exposed to the erosive effect of the tidal flow, which led to a decrease in its above-water lands, a reduction of its saltmarshes and the progressive erosion of its inner deltas and of the fluvial channels that cross it.
A new canal, the Taglio Novissimo, was dug between 1610 and 1791 to divert the waters of the rivers Magra, Muson, Bottenigo, Volpago, Bionca and Tergola as well as those of the Brenta.
This problem was solved only in the late 19th century with the creation of the Cunetta canal which starts much further inland and to the east of the lagoon (at Stra, near Padua) and joins the Brenta Nova canal at its southern end and thus has the required incline.
Large areas of the lagoon became exposed above water during low tides and the inlets which provided communication to the sea became poorly navigable because of an accumulation of sand brought by the sea currents.
In the early 17th century Benedetto Castelli, an engineer, argued that the former was due to the scarcity of the inflow of freshwater into the lagoon caused by the diversion of the River Brenta and that the latter was due to the sand brought by the sea current no longer being counteracted by the freshwater flowing into the lagoon from the opposite direction.
He proposed to bring back the waters of the Brenta in a controlled manner so as to bring back the inflow of water into the lagoon but in a way that would prevent silting.
The problem of sand accumulation at the Malamocco and Lido inlets was eventually resolved with the construction of breakwaters between 1838 and 1856 (for the Malamocco inlet) and between 1881 and 1910 (for the Lido inlet).
The river diversions and the resulting loss of freshwater input into the lagoon also led to a reduction in the areas of freshwater wetlands in the gronda lagunare.
Such works create rigid structures which make the shore or bank rigid compared to a natural state and constrains its waters.
In relation to the gronda lagunare, it indicates the development of artificial shores along the gronda and, through this, the creation of a fixed lagunar boundary which prevents natural fluctuations of its edge with a consequent loss of gronda's character as a transitional area between the open lagoon and the mainland with lagunar deltas and wetlands.
This situation started to draw attention in the 1970s, when scientists determined that this exacerbates the risk of flooding in Venice and elsewhere in the lagoon.
The river delta which was created in the southern part of the lagoon by the Brenta Nova canal and the nearby areas saw extensive land reclamations in the early 20th century.
This dramatically changed the characteristics of this area, wiping out the local saltmarshes and patches of the lagoon and completely rearranging the local lagunar hydrographic network.
A new airport, the Venice Marco Polo Airport, was built by the edge of the central part of the lagoon, in the Tessera area in 1961.
The airport was built over part of the Osellino canal (which was covered), some 500 metres before it ends in the River Dese.
Its purpose was to link the Malamocco inlet access of the sea into the lagoon to a second industrial zone at the port of Marghera and make it accessible to large ships.
With the development of large oil tankers in the 1960s, the project was modified and the canal was dug to a greater depth to allow these vessels though.
The sediments which were dredged to create the Malamocco-Marghera canal were used to create artificial islands, the casse di colmata A, (155 hectares), B, (385 ha) and D-E (752 ha), for the creation of a third industrial area at the port of Marghera.
The original plan envisaged further artificial islands that would fill in the whole of the saltmarsh area between Marghera and Chioggia, in the southern part of the lagoon.
However, studies carried out by scientists after the disastrous 1966 flood in Venice and the lagoon showed that the islands reduced the area in which the tidal flow could expand and that this had an impact both on lagoon's water level and the efficiency of water turnover in the lagoon.
To try to alleviate these problems a number of channels which had been filled in to create the islands were reopened to reconnect the waters behind these islands to the rest of the lagoon.
These are the Volpego and Fiumesino, which cut through the cassa B, the Taglio Vecchio and Mattoni, which cut through the cassa B and the Avesa, which cuts through the cassa A.
There are 33 valli which cover c. 92 km of the waters of the lagoon (1/6, 17% of the total surface).
The banks were moved to open the valli to the outside waters when there was a need to raise the inner water level.
They forbade the construction of fixed banks because they did not want any impediments to the free expansion of the tidal flow.
In 1624 the valli were declared property of those who fished and their public use was barred to preserve their functionality.
In the 19th century, valli owners started to enclose their fish farms with fixed banks as an engineer indicated that it made fish farming more efficient.
A 1984 law prescribed studies and projects for works aimed at the hydrologic re-balancing of the lagoon, stopping its it degradation and eliminating its causes.
It made particular reference to restoring the previous depths of canals which had been dug deeper and the opening of the valli da pesca to the expansion of the tides.
A 2000 study by the Environment Ministry estimated that the opening of the valli could on average reduce the tidal peaks by 20.2 cm and, in the case of the island of Burano, reduce tides between 9.10 cm and nearly 10 cm.
Another problem which developed in the 20th century is the increasing silting of the lagoon's peripheral channels and canals in the areas along the gronda lagunare.
This is particularly accentuated in the southern part of the lagoon because of the construction of a road on an embankment which crosses it and almost completely, blocking the tidal flow in the area to its south.
The opening of the valli da pesca can contribute to an extension of the tracts of the lagunar channels in the gronda lagunare and this can help to bring in the tidal flow to the areas at the edge of the lagoon, increasing the area which can absorb this tidal flow.
A pilot project, the opening up of the Valle Figheri, in the southern part of the lagoon, which was chosen as a test case, was completed in 1999.
The aim was to stop the degradation processes of the lagoon and to improve the quality of the water in the peripheral area of the lagoon where water circulation and turnover occurs with difficulty.
It has a barrier with 20 gates to regulate the flow of the tide between the open part of the valle and the lagoon.
The opening of the valli da pesca can also be of great value for the regeneration of the gronda lagunare areas by restoring it as a transition belt with the formation of wetlands and reed beds.
In the past 50–60 years there has been an increased appreciation of the value and benefits of wetlands and reed beds.
These can improve the geomorphology of the gronda lagunare and also its ecology as they provide an ideal habitat for diverse fauna and flora.
It notes that wetlands ecosystems can have some of the highest ecosystem service values compared to other ecosystems due to their importance in clean water provision, natural hazards mitigation and carbon storage.
Thirty-nine hectares of phytodepuration wetlands have been created along the gronda lagunare to restore its water purification capacity and the environmental characteristics of the gronda lagunare, which used to have woods, ponds, marches and freshwater wetlands.
They have been created by the river mouths along the lagoon to reconstruct wetland areas which act as a transition between the mainland and the lagoon where aquatic and non-aquatic plants and various communities of organisms absorb in a natural way the large quantities of nitrogen and phosphate which would otherwise be introduced into the lagoon.
These transitional wetlands are needed to ensure that the lagunar system has the capacity to deal with rising water events and peaks in pollution loads, maintaining its purification efficacy.
He suffered a spinal cord injury during a traffic accident in 1996 and stayed in bed for fifteen years until 2011.
The game will be released on PlayStation 5 and Microsoft Windows in late 2020; it was the first game confirmed for release on the PlayStation 5.
The game is set in a high fantasy setting, split into the realms of Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Spirit, where players take the role of one of the last exalted Knight’s Order to prevent a major apocalyptic event.
The game's first trailer was revealed in December 2019 at The Game Awards, where it was identified to be the first game confirmed for release on the PlayStation 5, due to be released in late 2020.
The team competes in the Moto3 World Championship, the MotoE World Cup and the FIM CEV Repsol Moto3 Junior World Championship and European Talent Cup.
The team was formed by Paolo Simoncelli in 2013 after the death of his son, MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix.
The formation of the team was also supported by compatriot Fausto Gresini, who had been Simoncelli's team boss at the time of his death.
Simoncelli quickly realized that in order for his riders to get to the World Championship level, they would need to prove themselves in the more competitive and better-organized Spanish FIM CEV Repsol Moto3 Junior World Championship, so the team began competing in that series in 2015.
Sic58 achieved their first taste of international success with a win from Italian rider Tony Arbolino at the second race in the 2016 CEV round in Jerez.
In 2017, Sic58 entered the Moto3 World Championship with existing team rider Tony Arbolino partnered with new signing Tatsuki Suzuki, a Japanese rider with previous Moto3 World Championship experience.
Suzuki achieved points finishes in all races he completed, including a best finish of 4th, but 7 retirements limited him to 71 points and 14th position in the riders' standings.
The season was only a slight improvement over 2017, with both Suzuki and Antonelli repeating the former's 71 points and finishing 14th and 15th in the riders' standings respectively.
The win occurred in the fourth round of the championship at Jerez, coincidentally the same location of Marco Simoncelli's maiden World Championship victory in the former 125cc class, leading to an emotional celebration from the team.
The remainder of the season was however plagued by multiple injuries for Antonelli and 8 retirements for Suzuki, limiting both riders to 7th and 8th in the riders' standings respectively, and the team to 2nd in the teams' standings.
The team was additionally granted a slot in the inaugural season of the MotoE World Cup, achieving one 3rd place podium finish at the San Marino round.
Some are restricted to Canadian artists in a particular genre or from a given region, while others are broader in scope.
The Rivière Pierre (English: Pierre River) is a tributary of Brébeuf Lake, flowing in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau and ivière-Éternité, in the Fjord-du-Saguenay, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Pierre river valley is served by a forest road that serves the southwest shore of the Brébeuf Lake, for forestry, agriculture and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of the Pierre River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Wesley Ed Hills (born June 5, 1995) is an American football running back for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL).
In the first game of the 2015 season, he had 16 carries for 88 yards before suffering a season-ending foot injury in the game.
In 2016, he played in seven games with five starts at running back and had 88 carries for 728 yards and seven touchdowns.
In a game against Maine on October 8, he rushed for a career-high 242 yards and two touchdowns and was named Colonial Athletic Association Offensive Player of the Week for his efforts.
Hills was selected to play in the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl on January 19, 2019, and, after rushing for 78 yards and a touchdown, was named most valuable player.
He was also selected to play in the 2019 Senior Bowl on January 26, 2019, and he had two carries for 22 yards in the game before leaving with an injury.
He scored his first two career touchdowns on one-yard runs in a 38–17 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 15, 2019.
Peter R. Biondo (December 21, 1916 – May 16, 1997) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1974.
Grace McDougall or Grace Alexandra Smith or Grace Ashley-Smith (1887 – 1963) was a British officer of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY).
At the start of 1912 2nd Lieutenant Lilian Franklin and Sergeant-Major Ashley-Smith won a power struggle with the FANY founder Edward Baker and his daughter, Katie.
Franklin and Ashley-Smith were in charge; before the First World War started in 1914, Ashley-Smith was sure that the FANY had a useful role and she intended to find it.
She was soon in France where she drove a Belgian ambulance to pick up wounded in support of a British war hospital.
She was said to be the first bride to marry whilst wearing Khaki at her wedding at All Saints' Church in Maidenhead, on 22 January 1915.
He made his List A debut on 14 December 2019, for Negombo Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
In an all-unseeded final, Louie Bickerton and Christian Boussus defeated Birdie Bond and Vernon Kirby 1–6, 6–3, 6–3, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1935 Australian Championships.
The second one was interrupted by rain thrice, which got them out of their rhythm and opponents won three remaining games.
Richard A. Boehning ((pronounced ben-ing) born July 2, 1937) was an American politician and businessman who served as a state representative and state House Majority Floor Leader from Indiana as a Republican.
In 1957 he married Phyllis Albrecht Gutwein whom he would later have five children with and who would serve on the Lafayette City Council from 1984 to 1999.
In 1959 he graduated from Indiana University with a Bachelor of Science degree and graduated from the Indiana University School of Law in 1961.
In 1961 he became a precinct committeeman in Francesville and in 1964 he was appointed as Lafayette's city attorney by Mayor Donald W. Blue.
On May 3, 1966, he and Frances Gaylord won the top two Republican primary and both received the Republican nomination and both went on to win in the general election against Democratic nominees Harry A. Fink and Robert L. Huffman.
In the 1967 session he served as chairman of the Cities and Towns House committee and served as a member on the Judiciary and Natural Resources and Conservation committees.
On November 27, 1968 he was elected as House Majority Floor Leader after defeating four other candidates on the third ballot with 36 out of 71 votes.
On January 13, 1971 he introduced an constitutional amendment to Indiana's constitution that would lower the voting age from 21 years old to 18 years old two months ahead of the federal 26th Amendment.
He considered running in the Republican primary against Representative Earl Landgrebe in the Second Congressional District during the 1970 election, but later chose not to.
On November 9, 1971 Boehning announced that he would challenge Landgrebe for the Republican nomination in Indiana's Second Congressional District later citing Landgrebe's narrow victory in 1970 and him being the only member of Indiana's Republican delegation to refuse to join the Indiana section of the Committee for the Re-Election of the President.
During the primary Charles A. Halleck, who had served in the district before Landgrebe and House Majority and Minority Leader, gave his endorsement to Boehning.
Giovanni Pietro Toesca (12 July 1877 - 9 March 1962) was an Italian academic and art historian, notable as one of the most important historians of medieval to 20th century art.
Born in Pietra Ligure, he studied in Rome under Adolfo Venturi and began his own career as a teacher at Milan's Accademia scientifico-letteraria in 1905.
He moved to Florence in 1914 and then Rome in 1926, remaining in the latter city until the end of his teaching career in 1948 and also dying there in 1962.
In 1939 he joined the technical council of Italy's Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, now the Istituto superiore per la conservazione ed il restauro.
He was also director of the medieval and modern art sections of the 1929-1937 Enciclopedia Italiana and national member of the Accademia dei Lincei from 1946 onwards.
He married the art historian and essayist Elena Berti (1900-1967) and they had one child, Ilaria Toesca, who followed her parents into art history.
The Synagogue Status Quo Ante from Târgu Mureș (also known as the Great temple or the Great synagogue), located at No.
21 Școlii street, entrance at #23), is the cultural centre for the small Jewish community in the city of Târgu Mureș proper, as well as the larger Transilvanian region.
Over the next few decades, the Jewish community in the city grew very quickly, such that by the time Transilvania, under Austro-Hungarian control, was known as Grand Principality of Transylvania, it was second in size only to the one in Alba Iulia.
By around 1785 or so, the Jewish community in Târgu Mureș had just one wooden synagogue to congregate in, which could fit between 150–200 people.
The size of the Jewish population continued to grow through the first part of the XXth century, up until the start of World War 2, passing 2755 in 1910 and 3246 in 1920 respectively, to a peak of 5693 in 1941.
By the time of the Interwar period, the community was operating two synagogues – the Great Synagogue on Școlii street, and another one on Brăilei street, for a total seating capacity of 1200.
The Second Vienna Award and the annexation of northern Transylvania into Hungary in September 1940 was catastrophic for the Jewish community in the city.
By 1944, the city had attracted many refugees from the smaller cities and villages in the area, and the population was estimated to be around 8000, representing approximately 16% of the population of Târgu Mureș.
The Hungarian authorities, under instructions from admiral Miklós Horthy – who was at the time regent of the Kingdom of Hungary and an ally to the Third Reich – moved the Jewish population into a ghetto installed in an ancient brick factory.
Between 27 May and 8 June 1944, under orders received from Adolf Eichmann, the Jewish population from Târgu Mureș and the surrounding region was deported to Auschwitz.
The remaining Jewish community in Târgu Mureș was greatly reduced – in a 1977 census, only 646 Jewish citizens were counted in the entire Mureș County.
By the start of the XXIst century, the population was further reduced, and was no bigger than 200 in Târgu Mureș.
The grand synagogue in Târgu Mureș was built in 1899–1900 -during the austro-Hungarian period, in an eclectic architectural style, following plans provided by the vienese architect Jakob Gartner, of moravian descent.
The synagogue was inaugurated in 1900 by rabbi Dr. Joachim Wilhelm, in the presence of leaders of the local Jewish community: Adalbert Burger (president for the community) and Mendel Farcas (vice-president).
In 1998, with funding provided by the Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania and by various private donors, a renovation was started, reaching eventual completion in 2000.
Significant work was performed, including reinforcing the walls and foundations, interior and exterior restoration, closely matching and following the original architectural designs and paint.
Most of the efforts to raise funds, oversee and complete the restoration, and rehabilitate the synagogue, were performed by the president of the community, Bernath Sauber, and by his secretary, Alexandru Ausch.
Forty years of partnership FEDROM – JOINT) edited in 2008, by the Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania, which contains a list of all of the synagogues in Romania, the synagogue Status Quo Ante from Târgu Mureș is marked as being in service.
The current synagogue sports 552 seats, 314 on the lower level and reserved for men, and 238 on the upper level, reserved for women.
The exterior contains typically roman architectural elements, mixed with some elements showing gothic inspiration – for example the rose windows – as well as some showing moorish inspiration, such as scalloped profiles or domes which borrow from Islamic architecture.
As part of the last restoration, the building was repainted in an apricot color, with all of its ornaments and window frames painted in white.
The synagogue is possessed of a large, octogonal, central tower, with small rose windows on each of its sides, and topped by a roof lantern, as well as two smaller, octogonal, towers, topped by onion domes at each of the two corners of the facade.
The doorways on the ground floor for the two towers open to stairs, allowing women exclusive access to the second floor's seats.
The architectural forms are brought into relief in the profile fo the various arches, the consoles, the various tracery and carved, coloured, elements.
The style shows inspiration from roman, gothic and baroque architectural styles and elements, and follows patterns found in Catholic churches built during the same period.
The rustic wooden benches for the faithful are located opposite the Torah ark in four rows, at the rear of the synagogue, one row on each side of the Bimah and in front of it.
Opposite the entrance is a square apse – the Torah Ark – where the precious Torah scrolls are enclosed, in a semi-circular region supported by two columns, and topped by a bulb dome.
The 2020 Minnesota United FC season is the tenth season of Minnesota United FC's existence and their fourth season in Major League Soccer, the top-tier of American soccer.
Due to their final standings position for the 2019 season, the Loons will enter the competition in the Fourth Round, to be played May 19–20.
He dealt with multi-variable geometric control theory, stochastic control and stochastic filters, and more recently the control of discrete event systems from the standpoint of mathematical logic and formal languages.
Wonham obtained his bachelor's degree in engineering physics from McGill University in 1956, and then a doctorate in stochastic control from the University of Cambridge in 1961.
In the 1960s, he worked at Purdue University's Control and Information Systems Laboratory, Martin Marietta's Research Institute for Advanced Studies (RIAS) in Baltimore, Brown University's Department of Applied Mathematics, and in the Office for Control Theory and Applications of NASA's Electronics for Research Center, where he developed a geometric theory of multivariable control with Steve Morse.
In 1968, Wonham proved a separation theorem for controls in a more general cost functional class with many technical assumptions and restrictions.
Wonham returned to Canada in 1970, after fifteen years away, and joined the University of Toronto as an associate professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering.
Being with the university's Control Theory Group as a full professor since 1972, he served as Dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University of Toronto between 1992 and 1996.
Wonham and his student Bruce Francis first articulated the internal model principle in 1976, which is a good regulator restricted to the ordinary differential equations subset of control theory.
As an explicit formulation of the Conant and Ashby good regulator theorem, it stands in contrast to classical control where the classical feedback loop fails to explicitly model the controlled system (although the classical controller may contain an implicit model).
In 1987, Wonham and Peter Ramadge introduced supervisory control theory as a method for automatically synthesizing supervisors that restrict the behavior of a plant such that as much as possible of the given specifications are fulfilled.
Wonham is the author and co-author of about seventy-five research papers, as well as the book Linear Multivariable Control: A Geometric Approach.
He is an Honorary Professor of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and a Foreign Member of the (U.S.) National Academy of Engineering.
The 2020 season is the 6th season of competitive association football and will be the 5th season in the Liga 1 played by Bali United Football Club, a professional football club based in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia.
But Emral Abus is serving as a head coach in the AFC Champions League because there is a slight problem with Stefano Cugurra's coaching license which makes it administratively unable to be registered as a head coach.
The 2019 season was Stefano Cugurra's first full season as head coach of Bali United, having taken charge in January 2019.
Bali United started their new season with preliminary round 1 of the AFC Champions League by playing away to Jalan Besar Stadium, Singapore to face 2019 Singapore Cup winners, Tampines Rovers.
Tampines Rovers evened the score in the 53rd minute and took the lead in the 68th minute by an own goal from their new signing, Muhammad Rahmat.
Stefano Lilipaly and the other new signing Sidik Saimima ensured a 5–3 win and Bali United through to preliminary round 2.
They once again failed to reach the group stage as they were destroyed by four-time A-League champions, Melbourne Victory five goals without reply at AAMI Park which resulted them to played in AFC Cup.
The National Band of the Naval Reserve (NBNR) () is a military band of the Royal Canadian Navy currently based in the Naval Museum of Quebec at the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) of the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve in Quebec City.
It is also designed to augment the Naden Band of Maritime Forces Pacific and the Stadacona Band of Maritime Forces Atlantic on their leave period.
Today, it takes part in public concerts and local events with its company sized unit that consists of around 75 musicians who, make up different ensembles as well as the main parade and concert bands It has performed during graduation ceremonies of all RCN personnel and the regular routines of th3 service.
As per community and national events, local parades and tattoos are priority, such the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo and the annual St. Patrick's Day Parade in Montreal.
Its joint performances with foriegn units have seen It work with reserve bands such as the Marine Corps Band New Orleans.
It has performed for many governors general of Canada, most recently with a Canadian Armed Forces guard of honour during the visit of Julie Payette to New Brunswick at the lieutenant governor's residence.
Notable members of the band include François Ferland and Lieutenant Commander Alex Kovacs, the latter having been the principal director since 1990 and the first female director in the RCN.
The men's high jump event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 11 November (T64), 13 November (T47) and 14 November (T63).
Henricus Sedulius (1547-1621) - the Latinized name of Henri de Vroom van Kleef - was a Flemish Franciscan scholar noted for his works on religious figures such as the lives of St. Elziarius and St. Francis of Assisi.
This is a defense of the Franciscan Order, drawing from Bartholomew Albizzi's commentary of the Scripture as well as citations from the Christian founders and ancient philosophers.
In an account, Sedulius said he relied on the former's collected works (constituting eight volumes) that were published by the Typographia Vaticana from 1588 to 1596.
There are texts, including versions by other authors, that contained an engraved portrait of the author or portraits engraved by owners who thought that Sedulius was the author.
In the first stanza, thanks are given for the creation of the world and for the time full of mercy which was promised from the beginning.
Gretzinger has been working on his map for over 60 years; it has grown to include over 3,000 unique panels, and is constantly evolving.
Jerry’s map has been shown at numerous international museums including the Palais de Tokyo, MASS MoCA, and the American Folk Art Museum.
During breaks in his work, Gretzinger began to sketch a map on a sheet of paper and when his drawing reached the edge of the page he continued onto the next sheet.
In 1980 he married Meg Staley and in 1983 they welcomed their first son together, Hank, and in 1986 their second son, Lucky.
Gretzinger left North Africa to move to New York City in 1971 where he set himself to start a new career.
Together with his second wife Meg Staley, Gretzinger launched Staley/Gretzinger which expanded his’s clothing line with Meg’s commercial and printmaking experience.
In the years following his move to New York, Gretzinger continued working on his map and it grew in size and complexity; as the business grew and his responsibilities increased, he put the map into retirement to devote himself to the business.
In 2003, Gretzinger’s son Hank discovered the map which had been archived in their Cold Spring attic and very soon Gretzinger began work on the map again in earnest.
In 2009, he had his first show of the map at the Garrison Art Center in Cold Spring with an accompanying video documentary produced by independent filmmaker Greg Whitmore.
The video was featured as an editor’s choice on Vimeo and shortly after, he was invited to exhibit the entirety of the map and a reproduction of his studio at MASS MoCA.
Looking towards the future of the map, he sees himself working on the map for as long as he can and is actively looking for museums and collectors to serve as permanent homes for the map.
For example, Kordich stated that he was influenced by the Gerson diet and was cured from cancer when he was 20 by consuming 13 glasses of apple and carrot juice each day.
These included his belief that uncooked foods flush the body of toxins (detoxification), and that juicing can treat many illnesses such as anemia, anxiety, arthritis, gallstones, impotence and heart disease.
The song will represent Albania in the 2020 Eurovision Song Contest in Rotterdam, the Netherlands after winning the pre-selection competition Festivali i Këngës.
After being selected to represent Albania in the 2020 Eurovision Song Contest, she stated that the song originally came to her in the English language and discussed a potential revamp in the latter language.
The Radio Televizioni Shqiptar (RTSH) organized the 58th edition of Festivali i Këngës in order to select Albania's entrant for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 and opened the submission period for artists and composers between 28 May and 15 September 2019.
Arilena Ara qualified for the grand final during the second semi-final on 20 December 2019 and won the competition on 22 December 2019.
The 65th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest will take place in Rotterdam, the Netherlands and will consist of two semi-finals on 12 May and 14 May 2020, and the grand final on 16 May 2020.
Each participating country, except the host country and the Big 5, is required to qualify from one of two semi-finals to compete for the grand final.
On 28 January 2020, it was announced that the song would be performed in the second half of the second semi-final of the contest to be held on 14 May 2020.
In 1840, hot air balloonist Harold Parkes is hired to perform an extended ascent to a hazardous altitude... and to bring a strange passenger with him.
Ubirajara Penacho dos Reis (5 September 1934 – 22 December 2019), better known as Bira, was a Brazilian musician and bassist.
He was best known for being a member of the house band of the talk shows Jô Soares Onze e Meia, broadcast on SBT, and Programa do Jô, broadcast on Rede Globo, both presented by Jô Soares.
The Mask of Cesare Borgia (Italian: La maschera di Cesare Borgia) is a 1941 Italian historical drama film directed by Duilio Coletti and starring Osvaldo Valenti, Elsa De Giorgi and Carlo Tamberlani.
She lectures on food and home cooking and has published four solo books on the subject, having worked on many others in collaboration or as a ghostwriter, as she was for Gwyneth Paltrow, Dana Cowin, and Mario Batali.
She serves on the Smithsonian National Museum of American History's Kitchen Cabinet Advisory Board and is the founder of Equity At The Table (EATT), a digital directory of people of color, women, and non-binary individuals in food.
She also regularly provides meals for Citizen Action New York, which led to her 2016 appointment as developer of the organization's food team.
Turshen did not attend culinary school; rather, she attended Manhattan's all-women's school, Barnard College, where she studied poetry and majored in English.
Turshen was hired right out of college, by the television producer for whom she had interned and worked, to serve as assistant to a writer who had been hired to write the companion book for a PBS travel show about food and cooking.
When the writer dropped out of the project, Turshen was afforded the opportunity to write the book herself, and she did.
He settled first in Watertown, Massachusetts and was a grantee in the Great Dividends and in the Beaver Brook plowlands, owning altogether forty acres.
He was one of those who petitioned for incorporation of the town on September 6, 1636 and signed the Dedham Covenant.
He served as selectmen in 1654 and in a variety of other positions, including constable and member of the county grand jury.
His wealth dwindled in his later years, though, with much of it likely going to his sons, until he was in near poverty at the time of his death.
The women's club throw at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 8 November (F32) and 11 November (F51).
Many of the historical newspapers were published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the number of African Americans in Colorado rose from 1,163 in 1870 to 11,453 in 1910.
Zhu Meifang (; born August 1965) is a Chinese female scientist, former vice-president of Donghua University, and currently serving as its dean of School of Materials Science and Engineering.
She earned a bachelor's degree in chemical fiber in 1986, a master's degree in chemical fiber in 1988, and a doctor's degree in materials science in 1999, all from China Textile University (now Donghua University).
Pierre Rabon (18 October 1619 – 18 January 1684) was a French portrait painter, who was active during the reign of Louis XIV.
His reception piece was a portrait of Antoine de Ratabon, who at the time was both Superintendant of Buildings (Surintendant des Bâtiments) and the director of the Académie.
Commercial development in Rochelle began in the 1850s, but several fires burned down all of the earliest buildings; the oldest surviving buildings in the district were built in 1871.
While a variety of architectural styles can be found in the district, Italianate and vernacular commercial designs are the most common.
Noteworthy non-commercial buildings in the district include the City and Town Hall, U.S. Post Office, Masonic Temple, and Chicago & North Western Railway depot.
The 1983–84 season was Atlético Madrid's 43rd season since foundation in 1903 and the club's 38th season in La Liga, the top league of Spanish football.
Esther 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
The opening section describes the sumptuous 180-day banquet by the Persian king Ahasuerus for officials from all over the Persian Empire.
The immense size of the banquet, the number of its invited guests, and the length of its duration described here, was not without precedence as C. A. Moore documents a Persian banquet for 15,000 people and an Assyrian celebration with 69,574 guests in ancient times.
This section narrows the focus to the subsequent shorter but equally pretentious 7-day banquets, given separately by the king (for males) and the queen (for females) for the citizens of the Persian capital Susa.
This causes histrionic reactions from the king and his seven counselors which resulted in the issuance of punishment for Vashti and a decree involving the 'whole elaborate machinery of Persian law and administration' to spread it in all over Persian lands.
It is an irony, that the king who reigns over a vast empire cannot resolve his domestic problem about his own wife without the help of the sharpest minds of Persia.
Lady of Paradise (Italian: La signora Paradiso) is a 1934 Italian comedy film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Elsa De Giorgi, Mino Doro and Memo Benassi.
She represented Germany at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 50 metre freestyle S7 event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships she won the gold medals in the women's 50 metres freestyle S7, women's 100 metres freestyle S7 and women's 50 metres butterfly S7 events.
The house was built in 1854 for Dr. William Burns, Polo's first medical doctor and one of its most prominent early citizens.
After working as a traveling doctor, Burns began practicing in nearby Buffalo Grove in 1848; like much of Buffalo Grove, he moved to Polo after an Illinois Central Railroad station opened there.
Burns' house, the first brick house in the city, had a vernacular gable front plan; such homes were popular at the time, especially in newly formed railroad towns.
Burns lived in the house until he moved to a larger one in 1868; he went on to serve as Polo's mayor, a town council and school board member, and a financial benefactor of the city.
The Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem of 1864–65 was the first scientific mapping of Jerusalem, and the first Ordnance Survey to take place outside the United Kingdom.
It was undertaken by Charles William Wilson, a 28-year-old officer in the Royal Engineers corps of the British Army, under the authority of Sir Henry James, as Superintendent of the Ordnance Survey, and with the sanction of George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon as Secretary of State for War.
The first meeting of the Fund took place on 22 June 1865, less than a week after the completion of the Ordnance Survey, and Charles Wilson was appointed by the Fund as the Chief Director of their proposed exploration of the rest of Palestine.
The survey was catalyzed by an 1864 petition from Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (the Dean of Westminster), representing a committee which included the Bishop of London Archibald Campbell Tait) to George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (the Secretary of State for War).
Dean Stanley had accompanied the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) on his 1862 trip to Jerusalem; his request was for an improvement to the city's water supply.
The introduction to the survey stated that the ₤500 cost of the survey was funded by the wealthy Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, whose primary motivation was to find better drinking water for those living in the city.
What is quite clear is that a major change in the character of the exploration of ancient Jerusalem occurred in the 19th century, with a fascination for the past of the city, fanciful or otherwise, being replaced by that of a scientific concern for the tangible antiquities of the city.
The ancient past of Jerusalem was no longer a matter for armchair scholarly discourse, turning upon the credibility and background of a given scholar, but had now become a matter for clear-cut scientific rigor, which could only be based on facts obtained in empirical fashion, whether through the taking of exact measurements, photography, or excavations in the ground.
The names of streets, buildings and points of interest were collected by Carl Sandreczki of the Church Mission Society and two assistants.
Sandreczki's list, which included the names written in Arabic, is an invaluable resource as it contains many items that have otherwise been lost.
Following the album's announcement in September 2019, two songs, one country and one rock, were issued each month until the release date.
Many of the musicians that worked on the album Dunn has worked with in the past and knew of their capabilities, making the recording process more of a fun jam session.
A by-election in the seat of Johnston in the Northern Territory will be held on 29 February 2020, following the resignation of Ken Vowles, the MLA for Johnston, on 31 January 2020.
Vowles was first elected in the 2012 Northern Territory general election, winning 45% of first preference votes and 55.7% of the two-party-preferred vote.
At the 2016 Northern Territory general election, Vowles was re-elected with 51% of first preference votes and 64.7% of the two-party-preferred vote.
He officiated his first senior international match on 15 October 2013 between Hungary and Andorra in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification.
Upon its founding in 2019, the college represented the third osteopathic medical school in the state of Texas and the 8th college at Sam Houston State University.
Funding for the college included $85 million in privately raised capital and between $68 million and $93 million in federal funds.
The program consists of four years of curriculum, with years 1 and 2 consisting of on-campus didactic lectures, small group assignments laboratory and clinical experience, while years 3 and 4 are completed at selected clinical sites.
Runion launched his campaign for the 25th district in the 2019 election after incumbent Republican Steve Landes announced he would not run for reelection, instead running for the Clerk of Court for Augusta County.
The Métabetchouane East river is a tributary of the northeast shore of the Métabetchouane River, flowing in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of the Métabetchoune River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
From the confluence of the Métabetchouane East river, the current descends the Métabetchouane river north on to the south shore of lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then borrows the course of the Saguenay river via La Petite Landfill on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The men's club throw at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships was held in Dubai on 9 November (F32) and 10 November (F51).
It served as a transfer point between rail, trucks, and ships for the import and export of weapons, ammunition, explosives and military equipment for United States Army.
It was located at 4400 Dauphine Street New Orleans, Louisiana 70145 on the Mississippi River and Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, also called the Industrial Canal, the entrance to the Turning Basin in Bywater, New Orleans.
Ninì Falpalà is a 1933 Italian comedy film directed by Amleto Palermi and starring Dina Galli, Renzo Ricci and Elsa De Giorgi.
CUT&Tag-sequencing combines antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by a protein A-Tn5 fusion with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins.
Currently, ChIP-Seq is the most common technique utilized to study protein–DNA relations, however, it suffers from a number of practical and economical limitations that CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag sequencing do not.
CUT&Tag sequencing is an improvement over CUT&RUN because it does not require cells to be lysed or chromatin to be fractionated.. CUT&RUN is not suitable for single-cell platforms so CUT&Tag is advantageous for these .
ChIP-Seq suffers from limitations due to the cross linking step in ChIP-Seq protocols that can promote epitope masking and generate false-positive binding sites.
CUT&Run-sequencing and CUT&Tag have the advantage of being simpler techniques with lower costs due to the high signal-to-noise ratio, requiring less depth in sequencing.
Specific DNA sites in direct physical interaction with proteins such as transcription factors can be isolated by Protein-A (pA) conjugated Tn5 bound to a protein of interest.
Sequencing of prepared DNA libraries and comparison to whole-genome sequence databases allows researchers to analyze the interactions between target proteins and DNA, as well as differences in epigenetic chromatin modifications.
Therefore, the CUT&Tag method may be applied to proteins and modifications, including transcription factors, polymerases, structural proteins, protein modifications, and DNA modifications.
The data is then collected and analyzed using software that aligns sample sequences to a known genomic sequence to identify the CUT&Tag DNA fragments.
The primary limitation of CUT&Tag-seq is the likelihood of over-digestion of DNA due to inappropriate timing of the Magnesium-dependent Tn5 reaction.
The powerbirds save the city from danger and they stop the main villains: Nibbles, Clawdette, Scrapper, Minerva, and Asher Stasher from the events that Max will be going to later, so then later, Max is excited to visit the events.
Universal Kids planned the series in 2017, but with a different style, a different style of the characters, which was Max, Polly, Ace and another character, the Golden Eagle.
His first match as referee was on 30 August 2014 between Radnički Niš and Donji Srem, in which he showed a red card to Miloš Petrović.
Symphyotrichum patens, commonly known as late purple aster or spreading aster, is a perennial wildflower found in the eastern United States.
He represented South Africa at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 200 metres T42 event.
At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships in London, United Kingdom he won the silver medal in the men's 200 metres T42 event.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates he won the gold medal in the men's 200 metres T61 event and he finished in 4th place in the men's long jump T63 event.
The centre is part of a two-year Manchester Global part-time MBA programme, which as of 2019 had taught more than 2,500 students.
This centre is the largest and the fastest-growing of the six centres in the Manchester Global MBA programme, representing more than half the students in the program worldwide.
Bessiso has been recognized as one of Forbes Middle East's 100 Most Powerful Arab Women every year from 2014 to 2018.
In 2019, she was named one of the 30 Most Influential Women in the Arab World by Arabian Business, and received Entrepreneur Middle East's 2019 Achieving Women award in Education.
The 1947 Clark Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Clark College in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1947 college football season.
ChIL-sequencing combines antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by Tn5 transposase with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins.
Currently, ChIP-Seq is the most common technique utilized to study protein–DNA relations, however, it suffers from a number of practical and economical limitations that ChIL-Sequencing does not.
ChIP-Seq suffers from limitations due to the cross linking step in ChIP-Seq protocols that can promote epitope masking and generate false-positive binding sites.
ChIL-sequencing has the advantage of being a simpler technique suitable for low sample input due to the high signal-to-noise ratio, requiring less depth in sequencing for higher sensitivity.
Specific DNA sites in direct physical interaction with proteins such as transcription factors can be isolated by Protein-A (pA) conjugated Tn5 bound to a protein of interest.
Sequencing of prepared DNA libraries and comparison to whole-genome sequence databases allows researchers to analyze the interactions between target proteins and DNA, as well as differences in epigenetic chromatin modifications.
Therefore, the ChIL-Se method may be applied to proteins and modifications, including transcription factors, polymerases, structural proteins, protein modifications, and DNA modifications.
The primary limitation of ChIL-seq is the likelihood of over-digestion of DNA due to inappropriate timing of the Magnesium-dependent Tn5 reaction.
But It's Nothing Serious (Italian: Ma non è una cosa seria) is a 1936 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Mario Camerini and starring Vittorio De Sica, Elisa Cegani and Assia Noris.
He commanded the flotilla leader as Captain (D) of the Third Destroyer Flotilla in 1937–1939 and then commanded three different aircraft carriers from 1940 to 1943.
Dr Carole Mary Crofts (born 24 June 1959) is a British diplomat who was the ambassador to Azerbaijan from 2016 to 2019.
Hordeum bulbosum, bulbous barley, is a species of barley native to southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and as far east as Afghanistan, with a few naturalized populations in North America, South America and Australia.
Phouoibi Shayon is a 2017 Manipuri language mythological film, about the celestial fairies who came down to earth to prosper the human civilization.
The film is directed by O. Samananda, starring Kaiku Rajkumar and Lilabati, under the collaboration of Kanglei Movies World and Sergey Film Production.
Georgios T. Halkias (born June 6, 1967) is a Greek professional Tibetologist and scholar of Tibetan and Himalayan Studies, comparative religions, and Buddhism.
He commanded several light cruisers during the late 1920s before commanding the gunnery school at HMS Excellent in 1933–1936 and then the battlecruiser from 1936 to 1938.
The Kristian Berg directed video was filmed in Quảng Bình on 2–10 April 2019, in places such as the Sơn Đoòng cave, Tróoc river, Chay river, Tra Ang bridge, Doong village, En cave and Nuoc Nut cave.
Toro was elected to the Bougainville House of Representatives in a 2018 by-election, succeeding Raopos Apou Tepaia, who died in 2016.
In 2017, Palabıyık was appointed as an official for the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in Georgia, his first international tournament as a referee.
On 23 October 2019, he officiated his first match in the tournament proper of the UEFA Champions League between RB Leipzig and Zenit Saint Petersburg.
She will be the seventh vessel of the class to be completed, and the second of two to be delivered to Fiji.
Australia provided 22 Pacific Forum patrol vessels to its smaller neighbours in the Pacific Forum after the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided maritime nations with exclusive economic zone.
Those vessels were delivered in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and were designed for a service life of approximately 30 years.
Like the Pacific Forum vessels the Guardian-class vessels are built using commercial off the shelf components, to make it easier for the vessels to be maintained in small, isolated shipyards.
KHBC-TV, virtual channel 2 (UHF digital channel 22), is a dual NBC/CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Hilo, Hawaii, United States and serving the Big Island of Hawaii.
It is a full-time satellite of Honolulu-licensed NBC affiliate KHNL (channel 13) and CBS affiliate KGMB (channel 5) which are owned by Gray Television.
On August 31, 1981, Oceanic Broadcasting Company applied for a construction permit to build a new TV station on channel 2 in Hilo.
However, the Henry family—including former Honolulu and longtime Los Angeles anchorman Chuck Henry and his brother Terry—did not get the station up and running for 18 months, and the Buck family of Los Angeles took a major ownership stake.
Within six months of signing on air, however, KOHA-TV had discarded its local news programming; the last edition aired on February 10, 1984.
The station cited financial difficulties for dropping the local newscast and cut back its total staff to three employees at the same time.
Chase and from the Kingdom Corporation of Hilo, which hoped to use the TV station as the cornerstone of a Christian planned community in Puna.
Upon acquiring KOHA-TV, Chupack announced his intention to change the call letters to KHBC-TV, which had previously been used on the first TV station in Hilo, which is now KGMD-TV.
After having revived channel 2, Chupack sold KHBC-TV in 1987 to Clio Enterprises, owners of KKON and KOAS radio as well as the Clio Awards.
In March 1988, workers at the station filed a petition to unionize under the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).
On June 30, 1988, he announced that channel 2 would cease operations that day, stating that he was losing $57,000 a month running the business.
Evans agreed to a settlement with the NLRB in early August in order to prevent issues at his radio stations; IBEW supported the move, although the new owners were not expected to continue making programs.
KHBC-TV was sold to the King Broadcasting Company, owners of Honolulu's KHNL, which at the time did not have over-the-air coverage on the Big Island.
In 2009, upon Raycom Media entering into a shared services agreement that resulted in the original KGMB license becoming the new KFVE and its repeaters being assigned to that station, the new KGMB CBS feed migrated from KGMD-TV to a subchannel of KHBC.
The seat remained vacant until funds were acquired for an October 2018 by-election, won by Albert Toro, who also died in office.
White Amazons (Italian: Amazzoni bianche) is a 1936 Italian comedy film directed by Gennaro Righelli and starring Paola Barbara, Luisa Ferida and Doris Duranti.
It is set in a winter sports resort, where an all-female race with a prize of two hundred thousand lira for the winner provokes rivalry and confusions.
The following is a list of notable events and releases that have happened, or are expected to happen in 2020 in music in South Korea.
QSI International School of Ljubljana (QSIL) is a school in Slovenia that caters to students from 15 different nationalities ranging from 3 to 18 years of age.
The closest facilities include the Dolgi Most Sports Center () immediately north of the school and Hard Core Club, a striptease club, south of the school.
Mali Graben, a branch of the Gradaščica River, flows past the school to the east, and the A1 Freeway runs just south of the school.
He is best known for his work on Broadway where he wrote the book for the musical Triumph of Love and adapted the book for the musical Head over Heels.
He has also published a short story collection, Let Me See It (2014), and two novels, Sugarless (2009) and Love Slaves of Helen Hadley Hall (2017).
Sugarless was a Lambda Literary Award finalist and was shortlisted for the VCU Cabell First Novelists Award and the 2010 William Saroyan International Writing Prize.
He is a six-time recipient of the Maryland State Arts Council Individual Artist Award and a five-time fellow of the MacDowell Colony.
The annexation of the Leeward Islands () or the Leewards War () was a series of diplomatic and armed conflicts between the French Third Republic and the native kingdoms of Raiatea-Tahaa, Huahine and Bora Bora, which resulted in the conquest of the Leeward Islands, in the South Pacific archipelago of the Society Islands in modern-day French Polynesia.
This conflict was the last phase of armed indigenous resistance against French rule in the Society Islands, which began in 1843 with the forcible imposition of a protectorate over the Kingdom of Tahiti in the Franco-Tahitian War.
The three Leeward Islands kingdoms were ensured independence by the Jarnac Convention, a joint agreement signed between France and Great Britain in 1847.
Continual instability in the native regimes and the growing threat of the nascent German colonial empire in the Pacific prompted France to declare the islands under a provisional protectorate in 1880, in violation of the 1847 Convention.
From 1888 to 1897, the Leeward Island natives resisted the French while civil wars also broke out between pro-French factions and the majority anti-French sectors of the population.
Armed conflict began in 1887 with the revolt of the chief Teraupo'o on Raiatea against the pro-French king and the shooting of a French officer and marines on Huahine.
The natives of Huahine set up a rival royal government under Queen Teuhe to resist the pro-French factions under her brother Prince Marama Teururai.
The resistance was strongest on Raiatea and Tahaa where the chief Teraupo'o and his followers entrenched themselves in the countryside and the mountains and sought British intervention in the war.
The Society Islands are subdivided into the Leeward Islands in the northwest and Windward Islands or Georgian Islands in the southeast.
Politically, the Kingdom of Tahiti comprised all the Windward Islands except Maiao and also held nominal sovereignty over the more distant Tuamotus archipelago and a few of the Austral Islands.
By the mid-19th century the Leeward Islands was made up of three kingdoms: the Kingdom of Huahine and its dependency of Maiao (geographically part of the Windward Islands); the Kingdom of Raiatea-Tahaa, and the Kingdom of Bora Bora with its dependencies of Maupiti, Tupai, Maupihaa, Motu One, and Manuae.
The Pōmare Dynasty, patrons of the British Protestant missionaries, established their rule over Tahiti and Moorea as part of the Kingdom of Tahiti.
Western concepts of kingdoms and nation states were foreign to the native Tahitians or Maohi, people who were divided into loosely defined tribal units and districts before European contact.
In the 1830s and 1840s, tensions between French naval interests, the British settlers and pro-British native chieftains on Tahiti led to the Franco-Tahitian War (1844–1847) and the voluntary exile of Queen Pōmare IV to Raiatea.
Attempts to forcefully incorporate the neighbouring kingdoms of the Leeward Islands (west of Mo'orea) ceased following increased diplomatic pressure from Great Britain, and after a French expeditionary force was defeated on Huahine by Queen Teriitaria II in 1846.
In February 1847, Queen Pōmare IV returned from her exile and acquiesced to rule under the protectorate government centered in Papeete.
Although victorious, the French were unable to annex the islands due to diplomatic pressure from Great Britain, so Tahiti and its dependency of Moorea continued to be ruled under the French protectorate.
The Jarnac Convention or the Anglo-French Convention of 1847 was also signed by the French and the British, in which both powers agreed to respect the independence of Huahine, Raiatea, and Bora Bora.
For the next four decades, the three northern kingdoms remained nominally independent from the French in Papeete and remained strongly pro-British because of the influence of the LMS missionaries who remained stationed on the islands.
In 1858, the American consul in Raiatea unsuccessfully attempted to declare a protectorate over or annex Raiatea and Tahaa to the United States.
In the late 1870s, there were worries that the German Empire would also incorporate the islands through annexation or a protectorate as part of its nascent colonial empire in the Pacific.
Internal warfare and introduced diseases, such as dysentery, scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough and typhoid, contributed to a general decline of native populations after European contact.
In 1897, a census of the Leeward Islands recorded: 1,237 people on Huahine, 2,138 people on Raiatea, 1,099 people on Tahaa, 1,264 people on Bora Bora, and 536 on Maupiti.
The 1897 the populations of Tahiti and Moorea were around 10,000 and 1,500 respectively and had decreased in the same period between the 1880s and 1890s.
Responding to the growing threat of Germany in the Pacific, the French took actions to abrogate the Convention of 1847 and bring the Leeward Islands into their sphere of influence.
In 1880 French Commissioner Isidore Chessé convinced the islanders of the growing German threat and urged them to request for French protection.
In Raiatea, King Tahitoe and his chiefs signed a request for French protection and hoisted the protectorate flag on 9 April 1880.
The imposition of the French protectorate on the Leeward Islands was initially disavowed by the minister of foreign affairs, Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, and the French government.
Commercial groups in Hamburg and Berlin protested the actions of the French, but the British Foreign Office was less ambivalent, seeing a French takeover as a forgone conclusion, and was open to negotiations.
Speculations included the French concessions in the Pacific or West Africa or the cession of fishing rights in the French Shore off Newfoundland.
After the removal of this diplomatic obstacle, Governor Théodore Lacascade officially annexed all of the Leeward Islands on 16 March 1888 via proclamation.
Lacascade with other French officials and naval officers took possessions of the islands and raised the flag of France on Huahine (16 March), Raiatea (17 March) and Bora Bora (19 March).
In 1880, King Tahitoe accepted the provisional protectorate by Chessé and raised the protectorate flag of Raiatea with the French tricolour on its canton.
His daughter and successor, Queen Tehauroa, unsuccessfully attempted to enlist the protection of the British to preserve Raiatea's independence in accordance with the Jarnac Convention.
Teraupo'o, a lesser chief of Raiatea known for his fierce opposition to the French, refused to comply with the order of King Tamatoa VI to surrender to them and built up a resistance force.
In his place, Teraupo'o led the native resistance against the French and installed a resistance government under Tuarii (a younger daughter of Tahitoe) as queen at Avera.
The French also had the support of the chief Tavana, a former minister of Tamatoa who held the title of viceroy of Raiatea-Tahaa.
In 1895, Queen Tuarii traveled to the British protectorate Rarontonga to seek help from the British resident, Frederick Moss, who refused to meet with her.
Pastor Gaston Brunel, who took charge of the Protestant schools on the island in 1894 and was largely sympathetic to the natives, often visited the camp of the resistance leader and gained valuable insight into the rebellion.
French artist Paul Gauguin, who witnessed the final phase of the rebellion, noted that diplomacy failed to persuade the natives of Raiatea to surrender.
Teraupo'o and the rebels of Tahaa and the district of Tevaitoa refused the call, prompting the French to land and engage the remaining armed natives.
The captured resistance leaders, including Teraupo'o, his wife, his brother and lieutenant Hupe, the chiefess Mai of Tevaitoa and six other men, were deported to Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Their followers were exiled to the island of Ua Huka in the Marquesas Islands, while others were conscripted as forced laborers to improve the roads of Raiatea.
In retaliation, the natives killed the ship's ensign Louis Dénot, who was leading the detachment, and two marines and wounded five others.
However, the anti-French forces rallied around Queen Teuhe, Marama's sister and former wife of Pōmare V, and set up a parallel rebel government from 1888 to 1890.
As the last the LMS missionary, Cooper left Huahine and care of the Society Islands to the missionaries of the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society in 1890.
The royal government of Huahine persisted for five more years and Tehaapapa II was succeeded by her granddaughter Tehaapapa III in 1893.
The anti-French nationalist factions remained a threat, and the queen asked for military assistance from the French on 14 January 1895.
Bora Bora remained neutral during the conflicts of Raiatea which prevented the French from administering their new acquisition until September 1895.
Through the persuasion of her ex-husband Prince Hinoi, Queen Teriimaevarua III accepted French administration and formally abdicated on 21 September 1895.
Retaining her honor as queen, she was allowed to collect tributes from the outlying northern islands and was provided with a pension by the colonial government.
A French vice-resident and later a gendarme was placed in charge of the islands, but they retained native laws and government for a few more years.
In 1898 the former queen, Teriimaevarua III, attempted to incite a new resistance movement in the islands and was exiled to Tahaa by the order Governor Gallet on 27 October 1898.
By 1901, with the annexation of the last independent monarchies of Rimatara and Rurutu in the Austral Islands, the French Establishment of Oceania was formed.
The five archipelagoes of the Society Islands, the Tuamotus, Austral Islands, Gambier Islands and Marquesas Islands were incorporated into the territory of French Oceania, which are today part of the overseas collectivity of French Polynesia.
The French Protestant missionaries helped to preserve the indigenous language and culture of the islanders and the Maohi Protestant Church was later established to preserve the legacy of the indigenous and Protestant identity of the Society Islands.
Anthima Reya (Night of Destiny) () is a 1998 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama thriller film directed by Gamini Fonseka and produced by Lucky Dias.
Ethinylestradiol/drospirenone/prasterone (EE/DRSP/DHEA), known under developmental code names like Androgen Restored Contraceptive (ARC), Female Balance Pill, Pill-Plus, and Triple Oral Contraceptive (Triple OC), is a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, drospirenone (DRSP), a progestin, antimineralocorticoid, and antiandrogen, and prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA), an androgen prohormone and neurosteroid, which is under development for use as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.
Estrogens and progestogens suppress testosterone levels in women, and the addition of 50 mg prasterone, an oral prohormone of testosterone, has been found to restore total testosterone levels to normal levels.
The ship was built as part of the Emergency Shipbuilding program by Permanente Metals Corporation in Yard 2 of the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond, California.
One elephant, Sue arrived at the Sacramento Zoo in November 1948 and lived at the zoo until her death in April 1989.
In 1966 she was removed from the Reserve Fleet and reactivated for Vietnam War and operated by the Pacific Far East Line.
Ernest Smith was born on 17 December 1919 in Winnipeg, and grew up in the neighbourhood of Wolseley, on Aubrey Street.
He won the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Gold Medal, and a postgraduate fellowship to attend the MIT, where he earned a Master of Architecture degree.
Smith finished his thesis in September of 1947 and came home to honour a commitment he made with fellow alumni Dennis Carter (another RAIC Gold Medal winner) and Walter Katelnikoff that they three would start their own firm upon his return to Winnipeg.
Smith Carter Katelnikoff made their name locally with the 1948 renovation of their own offices on Portage Avenue East and, due to the demand created by Winnipeg's expanding population in the 1950s, several schools.
At the same time, the firm grew on the strength of commissions for large schools in rural Manitoba and Western Canada where modern centralized facilities were replacing one-room schools.
The company would go through a number of name and partner changes and eventually became known simply as Smith Carter Partners and later Smith Carter Architects and Engineers, Smith serving as the managing partner for thirty-eight years until his retirement in 1985.
One of Smith's personally significant projects from this period is Westworth United Church (1958-1959), consisting of two major additions to an education building (a gymnasium) designed by Green Blankstein Russell in 1950.
The sanctuary is defined by a soaring A-frame form, encased in a one-storey surround, and features exposed brick matching that on the building's exterior.
Instead of laminated beams as originally proposed steel beams were used, faced with hardwood, selected to minimize obstructions within the nave.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Smith served in a number of industry association senior positions, including president of the Manitoba Association of Architects (1956–1961) and chairman of the National Joint Committee on Construction Materials (1963–1965).
He was dean of the College of Fellows of the RAIC from 1972 to 1975, and chancellor of the RAIC itself in 1979.
Throughout the 1960s, the City of Winnipeg conducted transport studies which led to a rethinking of traffic flow through Portage Avenue and Main Street, the city's hub, and had Smith Carter conduct the transit forecast studies which concluded that mixing pedestrian and vehicular traffic would no longer be viable, ultimately leading to the construction of an underground concourse replacing the four sidewalks of the corner.
Significant or large scale works during this period include the Canadian Wheat Board and Grain Commission buildings (1962 and 1970, respectively), the Royal Bank of Canada and Bank of Canada buildings (1965 and 1971), the Pan Am Pool (1967), and the Manitoba Centennial Centre (1967–1972).
Such large scale projects, along with the Woodsworth Building on Broadway (1973), The Great-West Life Assurance Company (1983), and the Air Canada building (1985), changed the urban character of Winnipeg.
In this case, we worked out two separate modules for offices and lab space, [and] found we needed greater depth in the lab and rationalised the present form.
The overall aesthetic was designed in keeping with the neighbouring Depression-era Federal Building, located to the south across William Stephenson Way.
In January of 1975, five artists, Henry Saxe, Ulysse Comtois, John Nugent, Ricardo Gomez, and Hugh Leroy, were chosen by Smith (with Kenneth Lochhead's advice).
On the evening of 31 August 1978, the work was dismantled, cut into three pieces and moved off to storage at the federal Public Works yard in Lockport.
In Spring 1997, Nugent learned that it had once more been removed and disassembled and left in an open enclosure, complaining with the support of other artists and members of the public.
Later the same year, almost twenty years after it was removed, Nugent's sculpture was reinstalled in front of the Grain Commission building.
Smith was said to have been proudest of the firm's work shaping the Winnipeg skyline and of their work abroad, such the Kermanshah Technical Training Centre in Iran, the Canadian Embassy in Moscow and the Canadian Chancery in Warsaw (about 1965; all but foundations demolished in 2001).
Early examples included the St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre (1986–1987) and the John Buhler Research Centre at the Health Sciences Centre (about 1990).
Alongside Dennis Carter, his business partner of thirty-eight years, Ernest Smith was awarded an honourary life membership from the Manitoba Association of Architects in 2000.
A supporter of the arts, Smith was a member of the Winnipeg Art Gallery, the Council of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, co-chairman of the Fine Arts Committee for the Centennial Cultural Centre, and the board of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, of which he was President from 1969-1971.
By the time all three of his children were born (1959), Smith designed their family home in East Kildonan, off Kildonan Drive.
The Drive is elevated as a protective flood dike, the house itself was built on land behind the flood dike and therefore quite low, requiring that the living spaces be elevated to the height of the street.
Smith remained there after Marjorie died in 1993, moving back to Winnipeg in 1998, and finally to a personal care home in The Pas in 2001, where his son Chris lived.
Waheeda Rehman (born 3 February 1938) is an Indian actress and dancer who has appeared in mainly Hindi films, as well as Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Malayalam films.
She is noted for her contributions to different genres of films and different roles from the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s.
Her accolades consist of a National Film Award, two Filmfare Awards out of eight nominations, the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award and the Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality.
She continued acting in the mid-1960s, starring in successful movies and establishing herself as one of the leading ladies in classic Indian cinema.
Smith Carter (originally Smith Carter Katelnikoff, later Smith Carter Katelnikoff Munn, Smith Carter Searle and Associates, Smith Carter and Parkin, Smith Carter Partners and finally Smith Carter Architects and Engineers) was a Canadian firm of architects founded in Winnipeg in 1947 by Ernest J. Smith, Dennis H. Carter and Walter L. Katelnikoff.
Together with Katelnikoff, they made a pact that they three would start their own firm upon Smith's return from a postgraduate fellowship at MIT.
Katelnikoff and Carter graduated in 1944 and 1945 respectively, each working for two years and one year respectively, with Moody and Moore Architects.
The company went through a number of third- or fourth-partner changes (among them James E. Searle and John B. Parkin), and therefore name changes, finally dropping these altogether under the name Smith Carter Partners and later Smith Carter Architects and Engineers, Smith always serving as the managing partner until his retirement in 1985.
The three young men made their name locally with the 1948 renovation of their own offices on Portage Avenue East and, due to the demand created by Winnipeg's expanding population in the 1950s, several schools.
At the same time, the firm grew on the strength of commissions for large schools in rural Manitoba and Western Canada where modern centralized facilities were replacing one-room schools.
In 1955, the firm designed the City Park zoo's bear pits, breaking away from the traditional cage, the animals separated from the public by a moat.
Rectangular in form, the building contains an interior courtyard and entrances approached north and south by raised bridges, while the curtain wall construction alternates clear and opaque glass with spandrels and columns set off by aluminum mullion (vertical bar between window panes) fins.
The structure itself is composed of a central four-storey section largely ensconced in masonry atop an open, glazed ground level, all surmounted by another open, glazed top floor.
Conscious of the clients' interest in corporate image, bleachers were constructed to allow spectators to watch comfortably the progress of construction and a sectional mockup of the façade was installed for testing and for public viewing.
By 2011, as the exterior envelope and cladding system were failing, Smith Carter, in collaboration with 1 X 1 Architecture Inc., were commissioned to restore the building such that the new envelope detailing was consistent with the original design.
Unlike many retrofitted buildings of this period, the existing granite stone cladding was used for the restoration, a choice made by the Workers Compensation Board: many granite stone panels were carefully removed, repaired and replaced in their original positions.
New glazing was also installed, including a stainless steel pressure plate cap to match the original design, and new coping stones, supplied by the same granite quarry as fifty years earlier, were installed at the roof, again to maintain the original detailing at the façade.
In 1963, Carter was made a Fellow of the RAIC, and served as president of the Manitoba Association of Architects in 1966 and 1967.
During this period, the firm designed the Centennial Fountain (1970), which marked both the provincial centenary and the 50th anniversary of the first water supplied to Winnipeg from the Shoal Lake aqueduct.
Throughout the 1960s the City of Winnipeg conducted transport studies which led to a rethinking of traffic flow through Portage Avenue and Main Street, the city's hub.
The City had Smith Carter conduct the transit forecast studies and concluded that mixing pedestrian and vehicular traffic would no longer be viable, ultimately leading to the construction of an underground concourse replacing the four sidewalks of the corner.
Significant or large scale works during this period include the Canadian Wheat Board addition and Grain Commission (1962-1963 and 1970, respectively), the Royal Bank of Canada and Bank of Canada buildings (1965 and 1971), and the Manitoba Centennial Centre (1967–1972).
Such large scale projects, along with the Pan Am Pool (1967), the Woodsworth Building on Broadway (1973), The Great-West Life Assurance Company (1983), and the Air Canada building (1985), changed the urban character of Winnipeg.
This three-pool indoor recreation centre located in southwest Winnipeg was built for and named after the 1967 Pan American Games, but its commissioners were motivated by an ambitious social policy of providing recreational opportunities to a wide population.
The city's original pitch estimated the net cost of the games at $1.3 million, but by fall 1965 this had risen to over $3 million.
Among the additional costs was about $250,000 to put a roof on the pool, which was not required for the games but was desired for year-round use.
After cost estimates were made public, the Pan Am Games (1967) Society asked Ottawa for an additional $1.5 million in funding.
At the time of its completion, the pool facility placed among the top five in the world and featured the only diving tower in Canada.
Beyond Western Canada, the firm's projects included the entrance to Expo 67, Place d'Accueil, in Montreal, and abroad, the Canadian Embassy in Moscow and the Canadian Chancery in Warsaw (about 1965; all but foundations demolished in 2001).
Following Smith's retirement in 1985, Jim Orzechowski became the company's Chief Executive Officer, and Smith Carter's reach extended to higher-level biomedical research facilities.
Early examples included the St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre (1986–1987) and the John Buhler Research Centre at the Health Sciences Centre (about 1990).
When Orzechowski died in 2003, he was succeeded by his protégé Scott Stirton, who joined the firm in 1986, and was one of three Smith Carter principals at the firm's satellite office in Atlanta on 9/11, and saw first-hand the speed with which U.S. government officials responded to a terrorist threat, and how fast biodefence funds and security initiatives followed.
In April 2006, the firm's U.S. office signed a US$480-million contract — Smith Carter's largest as of that year — to design a medical research lab and vivarium (animal facility), for the U.S. Army's Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Among the firm's last great projects were the Canadian Museum for Human Rights (2009–2013) and the Women's Hospital at the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre in 2010.
In 2012, the year of Carter's death, Smith Carter Architects and Engineers was acquired by Montreal-based engineering and professional consulting firm Genivar Inc. At the time of the company's acquisition, the firm had between 190 and 200 employees, with locations in Calgary, Ottawa, Atlanta and Washington, D.C..
The Rustenburg Reformed Church is the oldest congregation of the Reformed Churches in South Africa (GKSA), founded in February 1859 by the denomination’s pioneer, Rev.
The congregation was founded in a climate of grave dissatisfaction by Rustenburg Voortrekkers with the state of the church in the South African Republic (ZAR).
The schismatics had tried several times to find a suitable preacher from the ranks of the Christian Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, ultimately succeeded with Rev.
Arriving on July 9, 1858, in Simon’s Town and staying in Cape Town for a while, he arrived in Rustenburg at the end of the year.
Van der Hoff began refusing use of the Rustenburg NHK church, they had no place of worship and had to gather under a large chinaberry tree cut down in around 1970 after storm damage.
His visits in return helped spur the foundations of the Reddersburg Reformed Church (GKSA), the Burgersdorp Reformed Church (GKSA), the Colesberg Reformed Church (GKSA), and the Middelburg Reformed Church (Cape, GKSA), among others.
Postma served the congregation until 1866, though he served as spiritual leader of the entire denomination throughout Transvaal, the Orange Free State, and Cape Colony.
He founded that congregation on January 21, 1860, in a store’s warehouse, given the lack of suitable meeting halls in a community hostile to Doppers (GKSA members); another source holds that it was founded on Roosterkoek farm near Albert, the nucleus of today’s town of Burgersdorp.
Cachet was hired as catechism teacher in Ladysmith in Natal Colony on October 3, 1863 for £25 a year and was considering a missionary career.
This was against the backdrop of his 1862-1863 power struggle at the Cape Synods against liberal pastors J.J. Kotzé and Thomas François Burgers, and his Transvaal-based brother’s conflict with Rev.
On May 13, 1868, one and a half years before the founding of the Theological School there, he wrote the proponent exam.
He became acting Professor of Theology at the school in 1892 and official Professor as of the 1894 Synod, overseeing pastor training and serving as preparatory school rector.
The congregation lost population on April 15, 1875, when a large group of Doppers left for Portuguese Angola across the Kalahari Desert in what was known as the Dorsland Trek.
In 1880, he left to serve the Colesberg congregation, founded by his father Izak David du Plessis and his mother Hester Venter on their Hamelfontein farm on December 8, 1860.
Johannes de Ridder (1833-1896), who served as Rustenburg’s fourth pastor from 1880 to 1896, had arrived from the Netherlands in 1857-1858 as a young teacher.
After serving since 1884 as pastor of the Fauresmith Reformed Church (GKSA), he was called as the first pastor of the Dorsland Trekkers, mostly Doppers, upon their arrival at Sâo Januário, Humpata, Angola.
Trying in vain to win back the frock, he made a living as a traveling peddler of books and other goods in the local countryside.
Thisaravi () is a 2000 Sri Lankan Sinhala adult romantic film directed by Dharmashri Wickramasinghe and co-produced by director himself with Chandra Wickramasinghe.
It is located along the South Fork of the Salmon River, 11 miles west of Yellow Pine in the Payette National Forest.
Some of the work was designed by Architects of the United States Forest Service; some of the building was done by the Civilian Conservation Corps.
Harry Fricker was a New Zealand rugby league footballer who was one of the founding players of the Ponsonby United team.
In 1910 he switched to rugby league as part of a large group of players from the Ponsonby club who changed codes at the same time.
He was selected for the Auckland team which played against Great Britain at Victoria Park on July 23, 1910 and went on tour with the side on their seven match tour of New Zealand playing 7 matches in all in that season.
He was part of the New Zealand Field Troop of Engineers who originally camped in Epsom before travelling to Palmerston North.
He left the war after serving four months at Gallipoli where he was invalided to England and hospitalised due to his injuries.
This college began with a strength of 64 students in Arts and three optional subjects: History, Political Science and Education along with compulsory subject: English and M.I.L.(Odia).
The 2015 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2015 season.
It was played at Children's Mercy Park in Kansas City, Kansas, on December 19, 2015, with kickoff at 3:00 p.m. EST (2:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPN2.
The participants of the 2015 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2015 Division II Playoffs, which began with four 7-team brackets to determine super region champions, who then qualified for the national semifinals.
Fedora is a 1942 Italian historical drama film directed by Camillo Mastrocinque and starring Luisa Ferida, Amedeo Nazzari and Osvaldo Valenti.
In the Russian Empire during the 1870s, after her prospective groom is assassinated on her wedding day Princess Fedora vows revenge on the killer.
They were selected to participate in the Live United Texarkana Bowl, their first postseason appearance since the 1995 NCAA Division II playoffs.
Mathu Yam Dawasa (Some Day in the Future) () is a 2001 Sri Lankan Sinhala crime drama film directed and produced by Dharmasena Pathiraja.
Anna Cartan (15 May 1878 – 1923) was a French mathematician, teacher and textbook author who was a student of Marie Curie and Jules Tannery.
Cartan was the youngest child born to Anne Florentine Cottaz (1841–1927) and Joseph Antoine Cartan (1837–1917), who was the village blacksmith.
Anna had an elder sister Jeanne-Marie (1867–1931) who became a dressmaker, a brother Léon (1872–1956) who became a blacksmith working in his father's smithy, and a middle brother Élie Cartan (1869–1951) who became an acclaimed mathematician and sire of a family of mathematicians, notably his first son, Henri Cartan, who later became influential in the field.
Among the courses she attended were those led by Marie Curie (who taught physics there from 1900 to 1906) and mathematician Jules Tannery (1848–1910).
One of her friends was the scientist and women's rights activist Eugénie (Feytis) Cotton who would become director of the school in 1936.
Anna completed her studies in mathematics in 1904 and taught the subject at the high school in Poitiers, France from 1904 to 1906, and then she taught in Dijon from 1906 to 1908.
Among the places she visited were the United States (New York, St. Louis, Chicago, Boston and Niagara Falls), Quebec, Mexico and Cuba.
Then she taught at the Jules Ferry high school in Paris and, until 1920, at the Sèvres application school, annexed to the normal school.
In 1912 and 1913, Cartan wrote two books on arithmetic and geometry for girls, and later she co-authored with her brother Élie two more textbooks for both boys and girls.
The Two Tigers (Italian: Le due tigri) is a 1941 Italian historical adventure film directed by Giorgio Simonelli and starring Massimo Girotti, Luigi Pavese and Sandro Ruffini.
Montserratian clubs have participated in competitive international football competitions since at least 2004 when Ideal SC entered the 2004 CFU Club Championship.
No Montserratian team has won any CONCACAF competition, or won a single game in the competition, any Montserratian clubs have infrequently participated in CONCACAF tournaments due to logistical issues.
The most recent appearance by a Montserratian football club in a CONCACAF club competition came in 2017 when Royal Montserrat Police Force participated in the 2017 Caribbean Club Championship.
Since 2018, the winner of the Montserrat Championship, the top tier of football on the island qualifies for the Caribbean Club Shield, a tertiary knockout tournament for developing Caribbean football nations.
Should a team finish in the top six standings of the CONCACAF League, they qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League, which is played the following winter.
In order for a Montserratian team to reach the Champions League, they would need to win the Caribbean Club Shield and then earn a top six finish in the CONCACAF League.
Antonio Julian Montalván (Feb. 8, 1906 - Aug. 30, 1944) was a member of an espionage team working for the return of Gen. Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines.
Then newly married to Rosario Llamas, a cousin of Virginia Llamas Romulo, -- the first Mrs. Carlos P. Romulo—he was arrested by the Japanese Kempeitai in Tayabas town, in the house of his mother in-law Doña Tecla Capistrano Llamas.
Cheriyo Darling () is a 1996 Sri Lankan Sinhala romantic comedy film directed by Roy de Silva and co-produced by director himself with his wife Sumana Amarasinghe for RS Films.
It stars Joe Abeywickrama, Dilhani Ekanayake and Damith Fonseka in lead roles along with Bandu Samarasinghe, Tennison Cooray and Freddie Silva.
The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex based professional wrestling promotion World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA) held produced and scripted a number of supercard shows.
In 1982 the promotion was renamed World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) and grew beyond the limits of the Texas territory, with syndicated television shows available across the United States and internationally.
Tencent, on behalf of Riot Games, then filed a new lawsuit in a Chinese court, which ruled in Tencent's favor in July 2018, awarding it in damages.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1121, where 627 are males and 494 are females.
The 2020 Asian Tour is the 26th season of the modern Asian Tour, the main men's professional golf tour in Asia excluding Japan, since it was established in 1995.
The number in brackets after each winner's name is the number of Asian Tour events he had won up to and including that tournament.
The opening tournament of the season, the Hong Kong Open, was originally to be played from 28 November – 1 December 2019 as part of the 2019 season and co-sanctioned with the European Tour.
Hargrave, who earned a master’s degree in public affairs, worked for many years as a public policy analyst at the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Center.
Published in 2019, the game sold 44,000 copies worldwide over three printings in its first two months of release, with the publisher issuing a public apology for not having more copies available.
After winning the Gen Can't contest, the game was published by Button Shy games, funded by a Kickstarter campaign with a $1000 goal that instead brought in more than $80,000.
The 2019–20 season will be Detroit City FC's first professional season since the club was established in 2012 and their first in the National Independent Soccer Association.
Detroit City FC was accepted in the National Independent Soccer Association on December 11, 2019, and are expected to start competing in the 2020 Spring season.
On August 15, the NISA Board of Governors announced Detroit, along with Chattanooga FC and Oakland Roots SC, had been accepted into the league but would not begin full league play until Spring 2020.
Detroit will enter the 2020 U.S. Open Cup with the rest of the National Independent Soccer Association teams in the Second Round.
The 2019–20 Little Rock Trojans men's basketball team represent the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Trojans, led by 2nd-year head coach Darrell Walker, play their home games at the Jack Stephens Center in Little Rock, Arkansas as members of the Sun Belt Conference.
Since 2018, the winner of the Bonaire Kampionato, the top tier of football on the island qualifies for the Caribbean Club Shield, a tertiary knockout tournament for developing Caribbean football nations.
Should a team finish in the top six standings of the CONCACAF League, they qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League, which is played the following winter.
In order for a Bonaire team to reach the Champions League, they would need to win the Caribbean Club Shield and then earn a top six finish in the CONCACAF League.
The Korea Science Award is an award presented to South Koreans and Korean scientists working in domestic universities or research positions.
The Korea Science Award comes with a presidential commendation and a research grant of 30 million won, down from 50 million given in the past.
The above are six physical locations of the district courts, whereas actually there are eleven district courts headed by individual District Judges.
The Tis Hazari complex, Rohini complex and Saket complex hosts two districts each while the Karkarddoma complex hosts three districts and the remaining complexes host one district court each.
The name is a pseudonym, and the artist famously remains anonymous by attending public events with her head covered by a bayong.
Among the most prestigeous awards won by Kampilan for Dead Balagtas include Philippines' 37th National Book Awards, given by the National Book Development Board, and the 18th Madrigal-Gonzalez Best First Book Award (MGBFBA), given by the University of the Philippines' Institute of Creative Writing, both in 2018.
On November 8, 1892, Fuller was elected as a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Delta County district and was sworn in on January 4, 1893.
In 1905, Fuller experienced a fall in his home which left him paralyzed, confining him to a wheelchair for the rest of his life.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 857, where 454 are males and 403 are females.
Cheriyo Doctor () is a 1991 Sri Lankan Sinhala romantic comedy film directed by Roy de Silva and produced by Thilak Atapattu for TK Films.
It stars Joe Abeywickrama, Sanath Gunathilake and Sabeetha Perera in lead roles along with Bandu Samarasinghe, Tennison Cooray and Freddie Silva.
For the purposes of most criminal prosecutions, common law systems have rules about what kinds of evidence can be considered and about how it must be presented, such as the USA Federal Rules of Evidence or the Indian Evidence Act.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
Each of the three missile launcher batteries fields: two MLRS sections with three M270E1 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems each, and a Fire and Support Section, which transports additional missiles on ACP-90 trucks.
The 1975 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware in the 1975 NCAA Division II football season as an independent.
The film was released on 2 April 2004 to negative reviews and bombed at the box office with a theatrical run of 15 days in its main theatre Triveni.
Puerto Rican clubs have participated in competitive international football competitions since at least 2006 when the Puerto Rico Islands entered the 2006 CFU Club Championship.
They have won two CFU Club Championships, and have reached the semifinals of the modern CONCACAF Champions League, the furthest of any Caribbean nation.
The most successful team in international competition is the now-defunct Puerto Rico Islanders who have won the two CFU titles, and reached the Champions League semifinals.
Since 2018, the winner of the Liga Puerto Rico, the top tier of football on the island qualifies for the Caribbean Club Shield, a tertiary knockout tournament for developing Caribbean football nations.
Should a team finish in the top six standings of the CONCACAF League, they qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League, which is played the following winter.
In order for a Puerto Rican team to reach the Champions League, they would need to win the Caribbean Club Shield and then earn a top six finish in the CONCACAF League.
But he had a greater passion with art and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting and Drawing with a minor in Sculpture at the Laguna College of Art and Design in 2005.
Reyes’s work has been exhibited all around the world and awarded with numerous prizes by Portrait Society of America, the Art Renewal Center, the California Art Club.
His works focus on intimate dramas, revealing brief moments of unnoticed grandeur that are often missed in the hustle of modern existence and tender souls grappling with the pressures of life.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
As of 2019, there are 237 men and 256 women in Estonia with the surname Erm and it is ranked as the 219th most common surname for men and the 234th surname for women in Estonia.
In discrete geometry and computational geometry, the convex hull of a simple polygon is the polygon of minimum perimeter that contains a given simple polygon.
Repeatedly reflecting an arbitrarily chosen pocket across this convex hull edge produces a sequence of larger simple polygons; according to the Erdős–Nagy theorem, this process eventually terminates with a convex polygon.
Overlaying the original simple polygon onto its convex hull partitions this convex polygon into regions, one of which is the original polygon.
Each pocket is itself a simple polygon, bounded by a polygonal chain on the boundary of the given simple polygon and by a single edge of the convex hull.
One can form a hierarchical description of any given polygon by constructing its hull and its pockets in this way and then recursively forming a hierarchy of the same type for each pocket.
Several early publications on this problem were discovered to be incorrect, often because they led to intermediate states with crossings that caused them to break.
write that a majority of the published algorithms for the problem are incorrect, although a later history collected by Greg Aloupis lists only seven out of fifteen algorithms as being incorrect.
The algorithm traverses the polygon in clockwise order, starting from a vertex known to be on the convex hull (for instance, its leftmost point).
As it does, it stores a convex sequence of vertices on the stack, the ones that have not yet been identified as being within pockets.
The points in this sequence are the vertices of a convex polygon (not necessarily the hull of all vertices seen so far) that may have pockets attached to some of its edges.
At each step, the algorithm follows a path along the polygon from the stack top to the next vertex that is not in one of the two pockets adjacent to the stack top.
Then, while the top two vertices on the stack together with this new vertex are not in convex position, it pops the stack, before finally pushing the new vertex onto the stack.
When the clockwise traversal reaches the starting point, the algorithm is completed and the stack contains the convex hull vertices in clockwise order.
Each step of the algorithm either pushes a vertex onto the stack or pops it from the stack, and each vertex is pushed and popped at most once, so the total time for the algorithm is linear.
If the input vertices are given in clockwise order in an array, then the output can be returned in the same array, using only a constant number of additional variables as intermediate storage.
By using a deque in place of a stack, a similar algorithm can be generalized to the convex hull of any polygonal chain, and the algorithm for simple polygons can be started at any vertex of the polygon rather than requiring an extreme vertex as the starting vertex.
Flipping an arbitrarily chosen pocket, and then repeating this process with the pockets of each successively formed polygon, produces a sequence of simple polygons.
Fred Stevens, a painter and his son Bill Stevens, an R&B enthusiast, were inspired by the thriving music scene in St. Louis and the neighboring East St. Louis, but they felt there was a lack of artists recording locally so they started their own label in 1959.
The label is best known for their recordings of musician Ike Turner, who recorded under the name Icky Renrut because he was still under contract with Sun Records.
GurudathMusuri (born 5 May 1970) is an Indian film actor, director,producer, distributor and Cinematographer known for his work in Kannada cinema.
Nikola Dabanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Дабановић; born 18 December 1981) is a Montenegrin football referee who officiates in the Montenegrin First League.
Dabanović was selected as an official for the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship in Malta and the 2019 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in Armenia.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
The song was pre-released digitally on June 12, 2019 and the CD single was later released on July 17 by Warner Music Japan.
On June 12, it was pre-released as a digital single on various online music portals and the full music video was also released online on the same day.
An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Naive Creative Production and was released on June 11, 2019 on YouTube.
It features Twice dressed in colorful, sporty looks and backed by bright graphics as the members are seen playing around during summer days.
The CD single debuted at number 2 on the daily ranking of Oricon Singles Chart with 114,905 units sold on its release day.
It also ranked number 2 on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart with 247,032 copies sold, debuted at number 19 with 5,653 downloads on Oricon Digital Singles Chart.
From 1875 to 1881, he studied at the Warsaw Drawing School (now the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw) with Wojciech Gerson and .
From 1883 to 1909, he held numerous exhibits at his alma mater, the Society, and at the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts.
In 1888, he married Stanisławą Leontyną Jezierską (1871-1947).They had four children; Janinę (1889-1949), (1891-1959), who became a noted lawyer and politician, Eugeniusza (1892-1944) and Leokadię (1895-1944).
He arrived in Hoogeveen, from The Hague, by train on 11 September, and lived in a guest house there for about two weeks.
The room once occupied by van Gogh is shown with furniture and his painting equipment, as it would have been during his stay.
Veronica fruticans, the rock speedwell (a name it shares with other members of its genus) or woodystem speedwell (a common name that is hardly in common use), is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae.
It is native to nearly all countries in Europe, including the Faroe Islands and Iceland, and Greenland (which is floristically part of North America).
It grows either in mountains in the south, or at lower elevations in colder areas in the north of its range.
In the end, we recorded it in 21 days or something like that, but over the course of maybe 4 months.
We looked back at how can we improve ourselves, before we realised that we’ve gotta take our live setup up another level and have some more upbeat songs.
Funeral Sky is the debut album of the indie folk band Reuben and the Dark, though the lead vocalist Reuben Bullock had released two solo albums preceding this with members of the same band.
The recording of the album came about because Reuben Bullock, the singer and guitarist of the band, happened to meet Christopher Hayden in Mexico whilst on vacation.
This led to some sessions in Mexico and then some in Canada, before Stephen Kozmeniuk was brought in to record more tracks.
Zachary Houle, writing for Popmatters, gave the album six stars out of ten, and whilst he liked the debut, he had reservations about some of the tracks.
During the 2015 Canadian federal election campaign, it was revealed that Funeral Sky was one of the albums that Justin Trudeau was listening to on the campaign trail.
He participated in the demonstration curling events at the 1988 Winter Olympics and 1992 Winter Olympics, where the Swedish team finished in fifth place both times.
We’ve been to Japan a couple of times and we fell in love with it from the first time we went.
The NBL's championship round has predominately been a one-game decider, with the exception being 1995–97 and 2007–10 when a best-of-three finals series was used.
The Wellington Saints have won a league-best 11 championships, and with their 19 appearances in the championship round as of 2019, they have competed for exactly half of the league's championships in its 38-year history.
There are about 196 colleges affiliated to Sambalpur University excluding four other colleges SLB Medical College, Nababharat Shiksha Parishad, Sardar Raza’s Medical College and Sarala Nursing College with totalling more than 200 colleges.
The league winners will earn a place in the UEFA Champions League and the second and third-placed clubs will earn a place in the new UEFA Europa Conference League.
Orizzonte won the title for the first time in its history, gaining the only trophy that was still missing from its list of Honours.
It was also the first time that a female head coach (former player Martina Miceli, gold medalist at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games) led a club to a European cup victory.
The draw of the semifinals and the allocation of the Final 4 to Kirishi were announced by LEN on 13 March 2019.
The men's combination event at the 2016 nine-pin bowling Single's World Championships was held in Novigrad, Croatia from 23 May to 28 May 2016.
The result for the combination was the sum of best results from a single starts in the single classic and sprint.
Oceaniopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1734, where 947 are males and 787 are females.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
Parablechnum is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
On June 15, 2012, then 22-year-old Travis Baumgartner shot and killed three of his co-workers, critically injuring a fourth, on the University of Alberta campus in the HUB Mall building in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Baumgartner committed the crime during a routine circuit with four coworkers to replenish ATMs around the city of Edmonton, as a part of their employment with G4S Cash Solutions.
While refilling the TD ATMs at HUB Mall, Baumgartner shot three of his coworkers as they entered the secured vault located behind the machines, before locking them inside.
A manhunt ensued as Baumgartner fled Edmonton, dropping off money for his two friends and mother before driving to the resort town of Banff.
Steve Alton Burgess (July 9, 1907 – May 28, 1987) was a Texas politician that served in the Texas House of Representatives for district 4, 5, and 6.
Massa was selected as a referee for the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in Georgia and the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Poland.
The lyrics of the song was written by Hasrat Jaipuri, the music was composed by Shankar Jaikishan and the song was sung by Mohammed Rafi.
In a poll conducted by the BBC Radio in 2013, this song was voted as the most popular song in a list of the top 100 popular Bollywood songs of all time.
Bangladesh National Portal is a national portal of the People's Republic of Bangladesh under Access to Information programme ran from the Prime Minister's Office of Bangladesh.
On December 5, 2019, Max revealed the song's release date on social media, which was subsequently released on all streaming platforms on December 12, 2019.
The first two teams went straight to the top of the Premier League, and the third place player had a Playoff with a 14th place finisher.
Born in Chicago of Swedish descent, Ekman was multi-lingual, a meticulous historian, and an advocate of the benefits of a broad education in the history of Western Civilisation.
He was schooled in Glendale, California, after which he attended Jonathan Edwards College at Yale University from where he received his A.B.
He studied at Gotesborgs Hogskola in Sweden before joining the University of Minnesota from where he was awarded the degree of M.A.
His information was gleaned mainly from sixteenth-century herbals, and the work also shows the earliest known illustrations of native Americans cultivating and curing tobacco.
Miftah Anwar Sani (born on September 19, 1995) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Persita Tangerang in the Liga 1.
Blechnidium is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species Blechnidium melanopus, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Count Arnulf I of Flanders (889-965) extended the Bruges fortress to create a powerful, imperial administrative centre of one and a half hectares.
The castle church—which was dedicated to Our Lady and Saint Donatian—was built to the north, within the fortifications, and a chapter of canons was later established.
The demolition of the cathedral doubled the size of the square to around 1.1 hectares, making it even larger than the Markt.
Nowadays, the square is surrounded by historic buildings including the former Manor of the Franc of Bruges, the former Civil Registry, the City Hall, the Basilica of the Holy Blood and Saint Basil Chapel and the former Provostry of Saint Donatian.
Some of the foundations of Saint Donatian’s Cathedral, which was demolished in 1799, can still be seen in the cellars of the Crowne Plaza Hotel.
This award is given in the field of Literature (poetry) by Sambalpur University in the honour of Swabhaba kabi Gangadhar Meher.
Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari will be the next Gangadhar national awadee to be awarded on 53rd foundation day of Sambalpur University on first week of January, 2020.
Their is a delay of 1 year due to a long process of choosing a awadee, if the awadee won the prize for the year 2019 then he will get his award in the Year 2021, and the award of 2017 will be given in the year 2019.
Cash prize of Rs 50,000, angavastra, citation, a memento and a copy of Gangadhar Meher: Selected Works (An anthology of Gangadhar Meher's Poetry in English translation) is given to receipt of Gangadhar National Award.
Naval Academy is a 1941 American action film directed by Erle C. Kenton and written by David Silverstein and Gordon Rigby.
Largely derived from a synthesis of Proto-Indo-European and indigenous Northern European elements, the Germanic culture developed out of the Nordic Bronze Age.
The Germanic peoples eventually overwhelmed the Western Roman Empire, which by the Middle Ages facilitated their conversion from paganism to Christianity and the abandonment of their tribal way of life.
Linguists postulate that an early Proto-Germanic language existed and was distinguishable from the other Indo-European languages as far back as 500 BCE.
From what is known, the early Germanic tribes may have spoken mutually intelligible dialects derived from a common parent language but there are no written records to verify this fact.
The Germanic tribes moved and interacted over the next centuries, and separate dialects among Germanic languages developed down to the present day.
Some groups, such as the Suebi, have a continuous recorded existence, and so there is a reasonable confidence that their modern dialects can be traced back to those in classical times.
By extension, but sometimes controversially, the names of the sons of Mannus, Istvaeones, Irminones, and Ingvaeones, are sometimes used to divide up the medieval and modern West Germanic languages.
The more easterly groups such as the Vandals are thought to have been united in the use of East Germanic languages, the most famous of which is Gothic.
The dialect of the Germanic people who remained in Scandinavia is not generally called Ingvaeonic, but is classified as North Germanic, which developed into Old Norse.
All these dialects or languages appear to have formed by the mixing of migrating peoples after the time of Julius Caesar.
Despite their common linguistic framework, by the 5th century CE, the Germanic peoples were linguistically differentiated and could no longer easily comprehend one another.
Nonetheless, the line between Germanic and Romance peoples in central Europe remained at the western mouth of the Rhine river and while Gaul fell under Germanic domination and was firmly settled by the Franks, the linguistic patterns did not move much.
Despite the fact that the Visigoths ruled a kingdom in what is now Spain and Portugal for upwards of 250 years, there are almost no recognizable Gothic words borrowed into Spanish or Portuguese.
By 500 CE, the West Germanic speakers had apparently developed a distinct language continuum with extensive loaning from Latin (due to their ongoing contact with the Romans), whereas the East Germanic languages were dying out.
Germanic literature includes all the oral and written literature which was common to the early Germanic peoples, in respect to form and nature of content.
Much of what is known about Germanic literature was passed down by skalds and scops, who were poets emloyed by a chieftain to memorize his deeds and those of his ancestors.
Accounts of the history of the Goths play and important role in Germanic literature, and although the Goths themselves disappeared, their deeds were remembered for centuries afterwards among Germanic peoples living as far as Iceland.
The works of Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Paul the Deacon, Priscus and Saxo Grammaticus were written in Latin and Greek, but since their authors were of Germanic origin and because their works show traces of Germanic heritage, philologist Francis Owen considers these works part of Germanic literature as well.
A large amount of Germanic epic literature must have been produced during the violent years of the Migration Period, but few of these accounts appear to have been preserved.
During his reign, Charlemagne ordered a collection of the old heroic songs to be made, but this collection was later destroyed by order of Louis the Pious.
A common theme in Germanic literature as the consequences of failing to live up to ones moral principles, and the moral dilemma faced by an individual struggling to maintain his loyalty under difficult conditions.
The earliest known Germanic inscription was found at Negau (in what is now southern Austria) on a bronze helmet dating back to the first century BCE.
Some of the other earliest known physical records of the Germanic language appear on stone and wood carvings in Runic script from around 200 CE.
Runes had a special significance in early Germanic culture, and each runic letter had a distinct name associated with a particular subject.
Runic writing likely disappeared due to the concerted opposition of the Christian Church, which regarded runic text as heathen symbols which supposedly contained inherent magical properties that they associated with the Germanic peoples' pagan past.
An important linguistic step was made by the Christian convert Ulfilas, who became a bishop to the Thervingi Goths in CE 341; he subsequently invented a Gothic alphabet and translated the scriptures from Greek into Gothic, creating a Gothic Bible, which is the earliest known translation of the Bible into a Germanic language.
From its earliest descriptions by Roman authors in antiquity to the Icelandic accounts written in the Middle Ages, Germanic religion appears to have changed considerably.
Germanic religion appears to have emerged as a synthesis of the religion of the Indo-Europeans who arrived with the Corded Ware culture and the indigenous populations among whom they settled.
It is often suggested that the conflict between the Æsir and Vanir, the two groups in the Norse branch of the Germanic pantheon, represents a remembrance of this synthesis.
Many of the deities found in Germanic paganism appeared under similar names across the Germanic peoples, most notably the god known to the Germans as Wodan or Wōden, to the Anglo-Saxons as Woden, and to the Norse as Óðinn, as well as the god Thor – known to the Germans as Donar, to the Anglo-Saxons as Þunor and to the Norse as Þórr.
Týr appears to at one point have been the chief deity in the Germanic pantheon, but he was eventually displaced by Odin.
Archaeological findings suggest that the early Germanic peoples practiced some of the same 'spiritual' rituals as the Celts, including human sacrifice, divination, and the belief in spiritual connection with the natural environment around them.
Unlike the Celts, who had their druids, there does not appear to have been a priestly caste among the Germanic peoples.
Germanic priestesses were feared by the Romans, as these tall women with glaring eyes, wearing flowing white gowns often wielded a knife for sacrificial offerings.
Captives might have their throats cut and be bled into giant cauldrons or have their intestines opened up and the entrails thrown to the ground for prophetic readings.
The Ostrogoths, Visigoths, and Vandals were Christianized while they were still outside the bounds of the Empire; however, they converted to Arianism rather than Roman Catholicism, and were soon regarded as heretics by Catholics.
The one great written remnant of the Gothic language is the Gothic Bible made by Wulfila, the Arian missionary who converted them.
The Lombards were not converted until after their entrance into the Empire, but received Christianity from Arian Germanic tribes sometime during the 5th century.
The Franks were converted directly from paganism to Catholicism under the leadership of Clovis I in about CE 496 without an intervening time as Arians.
When Thor failed to strike Boniface dead after the oak hit the ground, the Franks were amazed and began their conversion to the Christian faith.
Eventually for many Germanic tribes, the conversion to Christianity was achieved by armed force, successfully completed by Charlemagne, in a series of campaigns (the Saxon Wars), that also brought Saxon lands into the Frankish empire.
Massacres, such as the Bloody Verdict of Verden, where as many as 4,500 people were beheaded according to one of Charlemagne's chroniclers, were a direct result of this policy.
In Scandinavia, Germanic paganism continued to dominate until the 11th century in the form of Old Norse religion, when it was gradually replaced by Christianity.
While the Germanic peoples were slowly converted to Christianity by varying means, many elements of the pre-Christian culture and indigenous beliefs remained firmly in place after the conversion process, particularly in the more rural and distant regions.
Of particular note is the survival of the pagan fascination with the forest in the retention of Christmas tree even today.
Conversion to Christianity broke this pagan obsession with protecting the forest in some locations and allowed once migrant tribes to settle in places where they previously refused to cultivate the soil or chop down trees based on religious belief.
Elements of Germanic paganism survived into post-Christianization folklore, and today new religious movements exist which see themselves as modern revivals of Germanic Heathenry.
Legendary creatures of Germanic folklore include, elves, who inhabited the woods, foundations and streams; dwarves, who inhabited the caves of the earth; serpents, who inhabited the sea; and the neck, who inhabited the marshes.
Festivals in early Germanic culture included the autumn festival (Winter Nights), the New Year festival (Yule), the spring festival (Easter), and Midsummer's Day.
The Midsummer's Day was the greatest festival of all, in which it was celebrated that the sun had regained its full power.
The deceased was generally burnt at a funeral pyre, while his weapons and other possessions were placed in an urn for burial.
In certain rare cases the deceased was even buried along with several of his servants, who would be slain for the purpose.
Among the coastal and island peoples of the north, the deceased was often placed with all his possessions in his boat, and then set on fire.
The environment in which the Germanic peoples emerged, notably their attachment to the forest and the sea, played a major role in shaping such values.
A main element uniting Germanic societies was kingship, in origin a sacral institution combining the functions of military leader, high priest, lawmaker and judge.
Under the influence of the Roman Empire, ther power of Germanic kings over their own people increased throughout the centuries, partially because mass-migrations of the time required more stern leadership.
When a nation either defends itself in war or wages it, magistrates are selected to be in charge of the war with power of life and death... Those unwilling to follow are thought as deserters and traitors and are no longer trusted in anything.
The king was bound to uphold ancestral law, but was at the same time the source for new laws for cases not addressed in previous tradition.
Generally speaking, Roman legal codes eventually provided the model for many Germanic laws and they were fixed in writing along with Germanic legal customs.
Traditional Germanic society was gradually replaced by the system of estates and feudalism characteristic of the High Middle Ages in both the Holy Roman Empire and Anglo-Norman England in the 11th to 12th centuries, to some extent under the influence of Roman law as an indirect result of Christianisation, but also because political structures had grown too large for the flat hierarchy of a tribal society.
The same effect of political centralization took hold in Scandinavia slightly later, in the 12th to 13th century (Age of the Sturlungs, Consolidation of Sweden, Civil war era in Norway), by the end of the 14th century culminating in the giant Kalmar Union.
Elements of tribal law, notably the wager of battle, remained in effect throughout the Middle Ages, in the case of the Holy Roman Empire until the establishment of the Imperial Chamber Court in the early German Renaissance.
In the case of a suspected crime, the accused could avoid punishment by presenting a fixed number of free men (their number depending on the severity of the crime) prepared to swear an oath on his innocence.
If someone was accused of crimes against the community ifself, the determining of guilt or innocence was generally left to the priests.
Hanging was considered an offering to the gods, while the drowning in swamps was more of a symbolic act, intended to completely remove the criminal from contact with the living.
Corporal or capital punishment for free men does not figure prominently in the Germanic law codes, and banishment appears generally to be the most severe penalty issued officially.
This reflects that Germanic tribal law did not have the scope of exacting revenge, which was left to the judgement of the family of the victim, but to settle damages as fairly as possible once an involved party decided to bring a dispute before the assembly.
It was a sum of money which was to be paid to the injured party as compensation for damage to person or prperty.
A fascinating component of early Germanic laws were the varying distinctions concerning the physical body, as each body part had a personal injury value and corresponding legal claims for personal injury viewed matters like gender, rank and status as a secondary interest when deliberating cases.
Among the Alemanni the basic weregild for a free man was 200 shillings, and the amount could be doubled or tripled according to the man's rank.
Unfree serfs did not command a weregild, and the recompense paid in the event of their death was merely for material damage, 15 shillings in the case of the Alamanni, increased to 40 or 50 if the victim had been a skilled artisan.
The social hierarchy is not only reflected in the weregild due in the case of the violent or accidental death of a man, but also in differences in fines for lesser crimes.
They do not usually depend on the rank of the guilty party, although there are some exceptions associated with royal privilege.
Free women did not have a political station of their own but inherited the rank of their father if unmarried, or their husband if married.
The weregild or recompense due for the killing or injuring of a woman is notably set at twice that of a man of the same rank in Alemannic law.
Caesar writes that Germanic peoples did not own private property, but that land was the property of the entire tribe, and was distributed by the tribal leaders to occupied for a specified amount of time.
Such measures were intended to prevent members of the tribe from becoming settled agriculturalists, and to prevent wealth concentration, which could become a source of instability.
In early Germanic society, the free men of property each ruled their own estate and were subject to the king directly, without any intermediate hierarchy as in later feudalism.
Free men without landed property could swear fealty to a man of property who as their lord would then be responsible for their upkeep, including generous feasts and gifts.
This system of sworn retainers was central to early Germanic society, and the loyalty of the retainer to his lord generally replaced his family ties.
Although the arrival of the Corded Ware culture in Northern Europe in the 3rd millennium BC must have been accompanied by widespread conflict, Germanic society during the Nordic Bronze Age of the 2nd millennium BC appears to have been largely peaceful.
Armies would typically attack in a wedge formation, with chieftains leading from the front fighting side by side with their immediate family members.
During the time of the Roman Empire, large number of Germanic mercenaries served in the Roman army, some even gaining prominent positions.
Early Germanic peoples believed that heroic death in battle would enable a warrior admittance to Valhalla, a majestic hall presided over by Odin, chief of the Germanic pantheon.
In times of distress, a Germanic tribe would on occasion embark on a wholesale mass-migration, in which the entire able-bodied population became engaged in war.
In a series of Germanic Wars, invading Germanic peoples overwhelmed the Western Roman Empire and established themselves as the foremost military powers of Western Europe in its place.
Traces of the earliest pastoralism of the Germanic peoples appear in central Europe in the form of elaborate cattle burials along the Elbe and Vistula Rivers from around 4000–3000 BCE.
These archaeological remnants were left by the Globular Amphora culture who cleared forests for herding cattle and sometime after 3000 BCE began using wheeled carts and plows to cultivate their lands.
Central to survival for their assistance in tilling the soil and supplying food, cattle became an economic resource to these early people.
Caesar writes that the Germanic tribes were not agricultural people, and that tribal leaders instituted active measures to prevent members of the tribe from becoming settled agriculturalists.
Caesar's observations were made from warlike tribes on the move near the Roman borders, and are thus not representative of all the Germanic peoples.
That agriculture was an important part of Germanic life is attested by Caesar, when he writes that the Usipetes and Tencteri had been forced to migrate from their lands after the Suebi had sabotaged their crops.
Evidence from a Saxon village known as Feddersen Wierde near Cuxhaven, Germany (which existed between BCE 50 to CE 450) shows that the Germanic peoples cultivated oats and rye, used manure as fertilizer, and that they practiced crop rotation.
In the Icelandic sagas only individual farms are mentioned, and this also appears to have been the case in Norway, from where most of the Icelanders came.
The plough was the most important form of agricultural equipment for the early Germanic peoples, who had abandoned the hoe in Neolithic times.
The Germanic tribes appear to have been the first peoples to use the heavy plough, which enabled them to farm the rough forested lowlands of Northern Europe.
The sickle was used for the reaping of grain, while the ancient practice of beating out grain with sticks or tramping it out remained prevalent for a long time.
The presence of amber in Mycenaean graves, and the presence of Italian bronze daggers in Northern European graves, attest to trade relations between early Bronze Age Germanic peoples and the Mediterranean Sea.
Large amounts of amber has been discovered at sites of the Hallstatt culture, testifying to a massive export of this commodity by the Germanic peoples to their Celtic southern neighbors.
The two most important trade routes between Rome and the Germanic world went either along the North Sea coast or along the Vistula towards the Adriatic.
One of the reasons the Romans may have drawn borders along the Rhine, besides the sizable population of Germanic warriors on one side of it, was that the Germanic economy was not robust enough for them to extract much booty nor were they convinced they could acquire sufficient tax revenue from any additional efforts of conquest.
Drawing a distinctive line between themselves and Germanic people also incentivized alliances and trade as the Germanic people sought a share of the imperial wealth.
Hence all the Romans in that region have but one desire, that they may never have to return to the Roman jurisdiction.
Roman coinage was coveted by the Germanic people who preferred silver to gold coins, mostly likely indications that a market economy was developing.
Such observations from Tacitus aside, fine metalwork, iron and glassware was soon being traded by the Germanic peoples along the coast of the North Sea of Denmark and the Netherlands.
As the Germanic peoples were frequently engaged in war, there was a constant supply of cheap slaves, although slavery was never as an important institution as it became in ancient Rome.
Gladiator games between slaves, such as those carried out in ancient Rome, is not mentioned as having been common among Germanic peoples, although it is possible that such games were arranged among the Germanic peoples living on the Roman border.
Although the master had complete power of life and death over his slave, mistreatment of slaves is not recorded in early Germanic literature.
After 1300 BCE the societies of Jutland and Northern Germany along with the Celtic people experienced a major revolution in technology during the Late Bronze Age, shaping tools, containers and weapons through the improved techniques of working bronze.
Both the sword and the bow and arrow as well as other weaponry proliferate and an arms race of sorts between the tribes ensued as they tried to outpace one another.
Trade was taking place to a greater degree and simple gems and amber from the Mediterranean indicate that long-distance exchange of goods was occurring.
Important small-scale industries in Germanic society were weaving, the manual production of basic pottery and, more rarely, the fabrication of iron tools, especially weapons.
When the Iron Age arrived, the Germanic people showed greater mastery of ironworks than their Celtic contemporaries but they did not have the extensive trade networks during this period that their southern neighbors enjoyed with the Greco-Roman world.
In Beowulf, which takes place in 6th century Scandinavia, the mead hall is described as a quadrilateral structure of wood with a raised platform on either side within.
In the centre on one side of the mead-hall, there was a high-seat and a secondary high-seat, which were reserved for the chieftain and his guest of honor respectively.
The chief's followers would sleep in the hall at raised platforms during the night, with their equipment hanging above on the wall ready for use.
Buildings often had upright logs or posts as walls, long crossed rafters ad the top and thatched saddle roofs, with the interior of the house being divided into three parts by two rows of posts.
The entrance was typically on the side and there was an exit in the roof for the smoke from the hearth.
The living quarters were generally in one part of the building, while the stalls for cattle were in the side areas.
Such structures are described by Strabo and Pliny, who claim that those could be loaded on wagons and established at a new place.
Germanic settlements were typically small, rarely containing much more than ten households, often less, and were usually located by clearings in the woods.
Although the Germanic tribes practiced both agriculture and husbandry, the latter was extremely important both as a source of dairy products and as a basis for wealth and social status, which was measured by the size of an individual's herd.
The diet consisted mainly of the products of farming and husbandry and was supplied by hunting to a very modest extent.
Barley and wheat were the most common agricultural products and were used for baking a certain flat type of bread as well as brewing beer.
The importance of drinking at social functions is vividly described in pieces of Germanic literature such as Beowulf, the Nibelungenlied and the Poetic Edda.
Since the honey had to be imported from the south, it is probable that ale was being drunk among the Germanic tribes earlier than beer.
The oldest mentioning of mead being drunk by the Germanic tribes is from the 5th century writer Priscus, who writes that mead was being consumed at the court of Attila.
Wine seems to have been introduced to the Germanic tribes at a late date, as this drink could not be produced in Northern Europe, and had to be imported.
Tacitus adds in this connection that the Germanic peoples were more easily defeated through exploiting their vices than by attacking them militarily.
Caesar notes that certain warlike and powerful Germanic tribes, such as the Nervii and Suebi, practiced teetotalism, banning the import of alcoholic beverages to their territories in order to combat degeneracy.
The most important family relationships among the early Germanic peoples were within the individual household, a fact based on the archaeological evidence from their settlements where the long-houses appeared to be central in their existence.
Besides parents and children, a household might include slaves, but slavery was uncommon, and according to Tacitus, slaves normally had households of their own.
A Germanic family was part of an extended family known as the sippe, which was the basis for the organization of Germanic society.
The writings of Tacitus allude to the Germanic peoples being aware of a shared ethnicity, in that, they either knew or believed that they shared a common biological ancestor with one another.
Just how pervasive this awareness may have been is certainly debatable, but other factors like language, clothing, ornamentation, hair styles, weapon types, religious practices and shared oral history were likely just as significant in tribal identity for the Germanic peoples.
Status among the early Germanic tribes was often gauged by the size of a man's cattle herd or by one's martial prowess.
Before their conversion to Christianity, the Germanic peoples of Europe were made up of several tribes, each functioning as an economic and military unit and sometimes united by a common religious cult.
Kinship, especially close kinship, was very important to life within a tribe but generally was not the source of a tribe's identity.
In fact, several elements of ancient Germanic life tended to weaken the role of kinship: the importance of the retinues surrounding military chieftains, the ability of strong leaders to unite people who were not closely related, and feuds and other conflicts within a tribe that might lead to permanent divisions.
According to Tacitus, the greatest disgrace that can befall a warrior of a clan among the Germanic tribes was the abandonment of their shield during combat, as this almost certainly resulted in social isolation.
Within tribal Germanic society, their social hierarchy was linked intrinsically to war and this warrior code maintained the fidelity between chiefs and their young warriors.
Peace within the tribe was about controlling violence with codes identifying exactly how certain types of feuds were to be settled.
Those closely related to a person who had been injured or killed were supposed to exact revenge on or monetary payment from the offender.
Yet such feuds weakened the tribe as a whole, sometimes leading to the creation of a new tribe as one group separated from the rest.
Recent scholarship suggests that, despite the obligation to take part in feuds and other customs involving kinship ties, extended families did not form independent units among the early Germanic peoples.
Though most members of a tribe would have been more or less distantly related, common descent was not the main source of a tribe's identity, and extended families were not the main social units within a tribe.
Internal competition within the factions of a tribe occasionally resulted in internecine warfare which weakened and sometime destroyed a group, as appears to have been the case for the Cherusci tribe during Rome's earlier period.
As individuals rose to prominence, a distinction between commoner and nobility developed and with it the previous constructs of folkright shared equally across the tribe was replaced in some cases by privilege.
Elites within the Germanic tribes who learned the Roman system and emulated the way they established dominion were able to gain advantages and exploit them accordingly.
Important changes began taking place by the 4th century CE as Germanic peoples, while still cognizant of their unique clan identities, started forming larger confederations of a similar culture.
Gathering around the dominant tribes among them and hearkening to the most charismatic leaders brought the various barbarians tribes closer together.
On the surface this change appeared to the Romans as welcome since they preferred to deal with a few strong chiefs to control the populations that they feared across the Rhine and Danube, but it eventually made these Germanic rulers of confederated peoples more and more powerful.
In early Germanic society, a woman had no formal political rights, meaning that she was not permitted to participate in popular or tribal assemblies.
Female priestesses had a major influence on decisions made by Cimbri and Teutones during the Cimbrian War, and Ariovistus during his war with Caesar.
Generally, there were two forms of marriage among the Germanic peoples, one involving the participation of the parents and the other, those that did not.
The marriage of a daughter was typically arranged by her parents, although the wishes of the daughter was generally taken into considerations.
Being as old and as tall as the men, they are equal to their mates in age and strength, and the children inherit the robustness of their parents.
Where Aristotle had set the prime of life at 37 years for men and 18 for women, the Visigothic Code of law in the 7th century placed the prime of life at twenty years for both men and women, after which both presumably married.
Thus it can be presumed that ancient Germanic brides were on average about twenty and were roughly the same age as their husbands.
Anglo-Saxon women, like those of other Germanic tribes, are marked as women from the age of twelve onward, based on archaeological finds, implying that the age of marriage coincided with puberty.
Based on the writings of Tacitus, most of the Germanic men were content with one wife, which indicates a general trend towards monogamy.
Imperial policy had to be carefully charted between the Roman-Germanic claimants to kingship and the maintenance of Roman imperial administration, as the federated Germanic kings attempted to put their stamp on Roman rule and replace Roman armies with their own warriors.
Roman leaders were not oblivious to the clever tactics (intermarriage and offspring) employed by Germanic chieftains and adopted creative treaties to either appease them or temper their ambitions.
If a man was proven guilty of being violent towards his wife, her family would in some cases begin feud against her husband.
Revealing the warlike nature of their society, Tacitus reported that wives came to their husbands as a partner in toils and dangers; to suffer and to dare equally with him, in peace and in war.
Upon the death of their husbands and other male relatives on the battlefield and the defeat of their tribe, Germanic women are recorded by Roman historians as having killed their children and committed suicide.
For Germanic women of later antiquity, marriage obviously had its appeal since it offered greater security and better placement in their social hierarchy.
This tradition is vividly described in the Germanic epics, and the wives who subjected themselves to immolation are praised for their loyalty to their husbands.
In cases of divorce described in the Icelandic sagas, the purchase price for the woman had to be paid back to her parents, and she was permitted to retain property legally owned by her.
The practice of cremation by Germanic tribes of the Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age has made it difficult to ascertain the clothing of Germanic peoples during the initial years of the Iron Age.
By the beginning of the Roman Iron Age however, burial practices were again changing, although little clothing is generally preserved in burials.
The descriptions by Roman writers, and particularly the depictions of Germanic warriors on Roman columns, provide valuable evidence of the clothing used by the early Germanic peoples.
By the Roman Iron Age, as in the Bronze Age, Germanic peoples were wearing long-sleeved jackets reaching down the knees, and a skin or woolen mantle held at the neck with a brooch or safety pin.
The adoption of this custom has been ascribed to climatic changes and the increased role of horsemanship in Germanic culture at the time.
Caesar notes that the Suebi wore only skins, but Tacitus does not agree with this in his observations a hundre years later.
Roman monuments typically depicts Germanic warriors as being naked from the waist up, except from a mantle worn over the shoulders.
This is shown from moor burials, and from the fact that such trousers began to be used by Roman soldiers at the time, probably as an imitation of Germanic warriors.
While Germanic males of the Bronze Age generally wore a helm-like cap, the Iron Age was characterized by leaving heads uncovered, whereas the head decorations of Germanic women varied considerably with the times.
By the Iron Age, Germanic warriors, particularly those of the Suebi, are known for wearing their hair in a so-called Suebian knot.
The custom of wearing the hair long had become prominent among such peoples as the Franks, among whom it became a sign of noble birth and eligibility for kingship.
Germanic warriors are often depicted in Roman columns with full beards, but this practice probably varied from tribe to tribe and period to period.
Early Germanic literature reserves a prominent place for ornaments such as the Brísingamen of the goddess Freya, the Nibelung hoard and the heirlooms of Beowulf.
Francis Owen note that these Roman observations were made from Germanic warriors, who were not necessarily representative of their communities as a whole.
Apart from linguistic studies, the subject of what became of the Roman era Germanic tribes, and how they influenced the Middle Ages and the development of modern Western culture was a subject discussed during the Enlightenment by such as writers as Montesquieu and Giambattista Vico.
The development of Germanic studies as an academic discipline in the 19th century ran parallel to the rise of nationalism in Europe and the search for national histories for the nascent nation states developing after the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
A Germanic national ethnicity offered itself for the unification of Germany, contrasting the emerging German Empire with its neighboring rivals of differing ancestry.
Following World War II there was a backlash against nationalism, and as a response, government support for the study of ancient Germanic history and culture was significantly reduced both in Germany and Scandinavia.
While Wenskus earlier maintained that the early Germanic peoples held a certain core-tradition (), Pohl has later maintained that early Germanic peoples had no institutions or values of their own, and made no contribution to medieval Europe whatsoever.
The origins of the Germanic peoples are again traced to the first millennium BC, or even the Late Neolithic, in Northern Europe.
Brian Leslie Tarrant (born 22 July 1938) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
In September 2007, the Deutsche Bank made an investment of by subscribing to the compulsorily convertible debentures (CCDs) of Lodha's subsidiary, Cowtown Land Development Limited.
In May 2010, the company emerged the highest bidder to acquire a 22.5-acre plot in Wadala, Mumbai, for from Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA).
In December 2012, Lodha Group acquired Washington House, a residential building owned by the US consulate on Altamont Road, for .
It purchased a 17 acres land in Mumbai's prime location from DLF for about , nearly four times higher than the price at which DLF had bought the land in 2005.
In November 2013, Lodha Group brought Macdonald House, London, a seven-storey building in central London from the Government of Canada for .
In September 2019, it was announced that the company was about to sell 7 lakh sq ft office space in Mumbai, India to Singapore-based Varde Partners for about .
In September 2013, Lodha Group partnered with Donald Trump for the development of Trump Tower Mumbai, an 800-ft-tall, 77-storey residential tower at Lower Parel, Mumbai.
Lodha Group has partnered with a number of celebrities to be brand ambassadors, including Aishwarya Rai, Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar and Twinkle Khanna.
Brian Moore (born 24 December 1938) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Mansfield Town and Notts County.
Soma is a 1996 Indian Kannada action crime film written and produced by R. K. Film Creations, directed by Y. Yesudas.
This species is present in most of Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, east European Russia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, North Macedonia, northwest European Russia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, south European Russia and Yugoslavia), in the east Palaearctic ecozone and in the Near East.
Terence Victor Smith (born 10 July 1942) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
WIlliam Garnet South (8 August 1855 – 27 May 1923) was a police officer in Alice Springs and Chief Protector of Aborigines.
South was born on 8 August 1855 at Dry Creek, in Modbury, South Australia and is one of the ten children of Henry and Margaret South who had a farm in the area.
On 27 July 1877 South joined the South Australian mounted police force where he served in Melrose, Blinman, Farina, Barrows Creek and Port Augusta, Yarrowie and Peake before his 1888 appointment to Alice Springs, which was then known as Stuart.
South was one of the first police officers appointed in Alice Springs and he served as the officer-in-charge and warden for the Gold Mining District.
As a part of this role, at the time based at the Heavitree Gap Police Station, South formed acquaintances with and was respected by Francis Gillen, Baldwin Spencer and Edward Stirling; all of whom were leaders in their fields.
South is remembered to have a greater consideration for Aboriginal people than many of his fellow policeman and was involved in the arrest and prosecution of William Willshire.
Willshire was the first police officer in Australia to be charged for murder for the shooting of two Aboriginal men, Roger and Donkey, at Tempe Downs Station in 1891 and South assisted Gillen in his investigation of the deaths.
In 1895 South was removed from his position in Alice Springs because of his involvement in the Stuart Arms Hotel and investment in mining shares: there were also accusations of poddy dodging, the theft of unbranded cattle, the charges about which were dismissed by the magistrates court as being unproved.
Following his move from Alice Springs South was stationed at the police barracks in Adelaide and, in 1907, was promoted to senior constable.
South was appointed as a protector of Aborigines on 1 March 1908 and this was followed, in 1911, by promotion to chief protector of Aborigines in 1911.
South did not think this was enough and called for the Aborigines (Training of Children) Act 1923 that would enable the chief protector to remove children from the former mission stations; this was not possible with the earlier act.
On 2 October 1882, at St. Luke's Church of England in Adelaide, South married Fanny Stevens; the couple would go on to have four children.
Raymond Bilcliff (24 May 1931–2009) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Hartlepools United and Middlesbrough.
Han Sun-kyo (Korean: 한선교, born 23 June 1959) is a South Korean former broadcaster and politician, who has been the Member of National Assembly since 2004.
He graduated from Daeil High School in 1977; he is also a colleague to the former Mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon, and the former State Minister for Political Affairs of the Blue House Park Hyung-joon.
Han entered to MBC in 1984 and was selected as a newsreader, in which he served till 1995 when he quitted the company and became a freelancer.
Prior to the 2004 election, Han announced his bid for running as a MP on 31 December 2003, and joined the Grand National Party (GNP; then Saenuri Party and now Liberty Korea Party) in January 2004.
Han contested for newly-formed Yongin 3rd constituency in 2012 and defeated the Democratic Unionist Party candidate Kim Jong-hui with a majority of 11,486 votes.
On 26 April 2012, it was reported that Han was sharing a Renault Samsung SM7, in which the driver was under influence and hit a 20-year-old girl on a pedestrian crossing.
The driver, however, immediately ran away from the place and when caught by police, she had a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.128%, which can lead to driving licence revocation.
The Gyeonggi Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) filed a lawsuit against him under the breach of electoral law, adding that Han and the driver was having a party celebrating his re-election as a MP.
Han explained that the driver was helping him to bring him to a taxi rank, so he felt sorry to reject it.
On 1 September 2016, Han provoked a controversy when he grabbed the Speaker's guard by a collar who was preventing journalists from entering to the Speaker's office.
After he was prosecuted by police on the same day, he was supposed to visit police office but absented due to the parliamentary inspection.
On 13 October 2016, Han again provoked a controversy during the inspection of the Committee of Education, Culture, Sports and Tourism, when he forwarded a question to an opposition Democratic MP Yoo Eun-hae.
The Democratic Party filed a report against him to the Ethics Committee, while also urging the Saenuri Party to take a suitable action against him.
Oh Young-cheol, the Convener of the Secretariat Trade Union, explained that Han used several vulgars to the workers and asked them to get out.
Brainea is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species Brainea insignis, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
It is published by the Verein für politische Bildung, Analyse und Kritik e.V., with a circulation of 5400 as of December 2019.
Daniel O'Hara (born 28 September 1937) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The Civil Registry building was completed in 1537 and housed the Civil Registrar, who was one of the most important city officials.
The first restoration was carried out between 1877 and 1881, when city architect Louis Delacenserie restored its original 16th century lustre by renewing and adding carvings, decorations and polychromy.
The building has been a protected monument since 1942 and it has been a designated architectural heritage site since September 2009.
Cleistoblechnum is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species Cleistoblechnum eburneum, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
James McGowan (31 July 1939–6 January 2019) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 1947 Kentucky State Thorobreds football team was an American football team that represented Kentucky State Industrial College (now known as Kentucky State University) as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In its first season under head coach C. Randy Taylor, the team compiled a 4–6 record (3–3 against conference opponents) and outscored all opponents by a total of 174 to 112.
Icarus is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species Icarus filiformis, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
It has three different types of fronds: long climbing fronds with long pointed leaves, shorter creeping fronds with nearly round leaves, and fertile fronds with threadlike leaves that give the species its common name.
She won a total of 140 belgian titles, 22 european titles, 2 gold and 2 bronze medals at the 1981 World Games.
Some of the shows she has exhibited at include; the 2017 solo exhibitions at the October Gallery in London, Bihl Haus Arts in San Antonio, Frieze New York, the Art Paris Art Fair, and the Cape Town Art Fair.
Originally a field artillery regiment, the regiment is today a multi-arms unit operationally assigned to the Tactical Intelligence Brigade, which combines elements of the artillery and signal arms.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
The regiment is equipped with RQ-7 Shadow 200, RQ-11B Raven and Bramor C4EYE unmanned aerial vehicles, IA-3 Colibrì unmanned quadcopters, Thales SQUIRE ground surveillance radars, and ARTHUR counter-battery radars.
He served in the marines in the First World War, during which he was granted the temporary rank of lieutenant in October 1914, with confirmation in the full rank coming in October 1916.
After the war, Brooke-Short was placed on half-pay in September 1919, while holding a special appointment, before returning to the establishment in December 1921.
He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1925.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in the Royal Navy first-innings by Adrian Gore, while in their second-innings he was unbeaten on 3 runs.
He was later promoted to the rank of major in November 1931, before passing away in June 1937 at the Liugong Island Royal Navy base in China.
Louise Übermasser, real name Aloisia Elisabeth Übermaßer, from 1882 Streitmann, from 1889 Pauli, from 1895 Schacherl, from 1902 Charlé, from 1912 Kary (30 März 1862 – 9 February 1939) was an Austrian child actor, stage actress, theater director, singer and singing teacher.
She directed the Alexanderplatz-Theater in Berlin for a short time (1892), then she was active again in the field of the soubrettes and was again a member of the Theater in der Josefstadt.
In second marriage she was with the actor Gustav Schacherl between 1895 and 1904 (from 1902 Charlé), in third marriage from 1912 with the entrepreneur Dagobert Berthold Kary.
The Lynk & Co 05 is a compact crossover produced by the Chinese-Swedish automaker Lynk & Co from 2020 in China.
It is the coupé version of the 01, from which it takes up the front face as well as its interior, and it is 80 mm longer.
The Lynk & Co 05 is based on the Compact Modular Architecture platform of the Swedish manufacturer Volvo, which is used for XC40.
She later studied with Béla Síki in Switzerland, at the age of 17, and she was one of the finalists in the Geneva International Piano Competition in 1953 and 1955.
In 1959 she entered the Musik Hochschule in Vienna at the Konzertfachklasse of the professor Richard Hauser and won the Haydn-Schubert International Competition in Vienna.
She also studied with Alfred Brendel, Paul Badura-Skoda and Jörg Demus and received an extraordinary prize in the International course that these three great pianists gave in Vienna in 1962, granted and awarded by the Chigiana Academy of Siena where she took the courses with Alfred Cortot and Guido Aposti.
From 1967 to 1972 she worked as an assistant to Paul Badura-Skoda and as a resident artist at the University of Wisconsin–Parkside in the United States, where she is a doctor honoris causa.
During this period she gave numerous concerts in South America with Ruggiero Ricci until she returned to Spain In 1977, where she received the Chair of the Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona and was its director from 1997 to 2001.
To date, there has been one Minister for Nordic Cooperation and Equality, the incumbent Thomas Blomqvist of the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP/RKP).
In the five-party coalition government formation which forms the basis for the incumbent Marin government, as well as its predecessor, the Rinne government, the position of the Minister for Nordic Cooperation and Equality has been one of two portfolios held by SFP/RKP.
Before the government negotiations held after the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the task of Nordic Cooperation has been held as an additional portfolio, assumed by other ministers.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1172, where 616 are males and 556 are females.
On 28 December 2006, the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense issued a request for proposal, which was revised on 12 July 2007.
As of 22 November 2007, naval defense industry companies such as the DCNS of France, Navantia of Spain and the German/British business partnership Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW)/Marine Force International LLP (MFI) submiited proposals.
After completing the evaluation process, the decision was announced on 22 July 2008 to start contract negotiations first with the HDW/MFI Business Partnership.
The diesel-electric Type 214 submarine of ThyssenKrupp featuring an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system was selected, and the program begin was set to early 2009.
The Turkish defense industry companies ASELSAN, HAVELSAN, MilSOFT, Defense Technologies Engineering and Trade Inc. (STM), Koç Information and Defense, TÜBİTAK Defense Industries Research and Development Institute, Meteksan Defense, as well as marine industry companies Gürdesan, AYESAŞ, Sirena Marine, Arıtaş, İ-Marine ar involved in the project as subcontractor..
Block A can hold three boats at one time, and is used for assembly and outfitting works, while Block B is for welding works of submarine hull sheets and putting them together.
They had a house specially designed for painting and their daughter Veronica, who would also be a notable artist, was born there in 1909.
She seems to have had less training than her husband but she is thought to be more talented than him or her daughter.
Shortly before she died, Burleigh was elected an associte of the Royal Watercolour Society and throughout her career also exhibited at the Royal Academy in London, with the Society of Women Artists, the Royal Cambrian Academy and also the Sussex Women's Art Club.
She has paintings in the Ulster Museum and the museum in Brighton and Hove has paintings of her by both her husband and her daughter.
The Métabetchouane archaeological site is located on the site of a prehistoric Amerindian establishment and a trading post in operation during the French and English regimes.
This archaeological site is located in the municipality of Chambord (municipality), in the MRC Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
This archaeological site is located on the west bank of the Métabetchouane River, on a point of land extending into Lac Saint-Jean.
This archaeological site, which consists of a large open area and flat relief, covers an area of approximately 2,000 square meters.
The residual portion of the site is presumed to still contain archaeological elements favorable to the research and interpretation of the site.
The nature of the objects and their arrangements make it possible to document the native ways of life according to the times.
One of the particularly interesting occupations corresponds to some 250 years encompassing the end of indigenous prehistory and the start of the period of contact with individuals of European descent; it is a pivotal time when traditional lifestyles are confronted with French and English culture.
While the writings of the first explorers suggest that the site was once the scene of gatherings between indigenous groups engaged in trade, the small proportion of exotic objects accumulated during these two millennia on the site suggests that these interactions were more carried out on a regional scale.
Queen's County Council (now Laois County Council) was created in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 and the first local elections for the county council, and the councils of the five rural districts within Queen's County, were held on 6 April 1899, simultaneous with elections in the other administrative counties.
The Witcher of Big Kiev () is a series of short stories of the genre of techno-fantasy, written by Vladimir Vasilyev, a Russian author of Ukrainian origin.
He was confirmed in the rank of paymaster sub-lieutenant in January 1919, with promotion to the rank of paymaster lieutenant following in July 1919.
Hussey made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the Royal Air Force at Chatham in 1929.
Batting once in the match, Hussey top scored in the Royal Navy first-innings with 54, before being dismissed by Reginald Fulljames.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
Karlo is a Albanian, Basque, Croatian and Esperanto masculine given name as well as a Slovene masculine given name that serves as a Slovene diminutive form of Karel.
Engines of Privilege: Britain's Private School Problem is a book by Francis Green and David Kynaston about Independent schools in the United Kingdom.
After working professionally as a stunt double, she began her professional wrestling training under Pat Buck and Curt Hawkins at the Create A Pro Wrestling Academy in Hicksville, New York in 2016.
Later in June, she competed in an intergender match against Joey Janela at an event for the Beyond Wrestling promotion, in a losing effort.
Adolf Staehelin (also Adolf Stähelin; 5 April 1901 — 30 May 1965) was a Swiss chess player, Swiss Chess Championship winner (1927).
It is the only surviving building of the Métabetchouane post, a trading post established at the mouth of the Métabetchouane River on Lac Saint-Jean.
The powder magazine at Poste-de-Traite-de-la-Métabetchouane is located near an important meeting site for Amerindians which has been frequented for nearly .
It was located in domaine du roy, that is to say that it was part of a vast territory not conceded to colonization, the profits from which they exploited returned in principle to the king.
Auditorium Conciliazione, also known as Auditorio Pio and former Auditorium di Santa Cecilia, is a hall of audiences, concerts and musical performances located at number 4 of the Via della Conciliazione, in the Borgo Rione in Rome, linked to the Palazzo San Pio X.
The work of Marcello Piacentini and Giorgio Calza Bini was inaugurated in 1950 and eight years later became the headquarters of the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia until the end of the century.
The audience hall was built during the urban reorganization of the Spina di Borgo in the 1930s, when led to its demolition to allow the desired perspective for the Via della Conciliazione, which connects Ponte Sant'Angelo to St. Peter's Square.
The construction of the audience hall itself was completed in 1950, the year of the jubilee, when it was inaugurated by Pope Pius XII.
In 1971, the building ceased to be used for this purpose with the inauguration of the Paolo VI Audience Hall, whose official name was at the time Sala Nervi, the work of the architect Pier Luigi Nervi, inaugurated by Pope Paul VI.
After the move of the Orchestra of Santa Cecilia, the building underwent a new refurbishment between 2004 and 2005, when it remained closed for ten months.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Mass start Women started on 22 December 2019 in Le Grand-Bornand and will finished on 22 March 2020 in Holmenkollen.
Here again, to avoid unwanted congestion, World Cup Mass starts are held with only the 30 top ranking athletes on the start line (half that of the pursuit) as here all contestants start simultaneously.
Janki Bodiwala (born 30 October 1995) is an Indian actress from Ahmedabad, India who predominantly works in the Gujarati film industry.
She is currently working with director Krishnadev Yagnik and co-star Yash Soni on an untitled film project which is expected to release in 2020.
From 1934 to 1948 he participated in the Danish Chess Championships, which he achieved his better result in 1940 when he won a bronze medal.
Raised on 1 August 1960 as Target Acquisition Battalion for the III Missile Briagde the unit was for most of its life part of the army's artillery arm.
Today the regiment is a multi-arms unit operationally assigned to the Tactical Intelligence Brigade, which combines elements of the artillery and signal arms.
The Command and Logistic Support Battery fields the following sections: C3 Section, Transport and Materiel Section, Medical Section, and Commissariat Section.
Maruping Matthews Lekwene is a South African politician who is the Northern Cape MEC for Finance, Economic Development and Tourism and a Member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature for the African National Congress (ANC).
In December 2019, Lekwene controversially announced that the trading hours of liquor stores in the Sol Plaatje Local Municipality would be extended from 8 to 11 January 2020 during the ANC's 108th birthday celebrations.
David W. Fraser is a researcher, educational leader and epidemiologist, working from 1971 to 1982 for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
From 1991-1995, he headed the Social Welfare Department at the Aga Khan Secretariat, where he directed health, education, and housing activities in Asia and Africa.
Although Colorado was following statehood Republican-leaning, Populist support in silver-mining regions, was overwhelmingly transferred to William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and maintained in the following four elections, when the Republicans won only in the 1904 landslide and even then Colorado was the only western state where more than a couple of counties retained their Bryanite Democratic loyalties with Alton Parker as the nominee.
Wilson won by 25.99 percentage points and carried every county except Sedgwick, the furthest northeast, which had also been the only county to back Roosevelt in 1912.
As of 2019 Bontonfil holds 5% market share being 5th largest Czech distributor (behind Falcon a.s., Cinemart, Vertical Entertainment a.s. and Bioscop a.s.).
This changed in 2013 major American studios switched to Cinemart and Bontonfilm lost its position of strongest film distribution company of Czech market, falling to fourth place on the Market.
Prior to this she was Head of Adaptive Tumor Immunity and Principal Scientist in Cancer Immunology discovery research at Genentech, a multinational biotechnology company owned by Roche since 2009.
Grogan's cancer research focuses on mechanisms of T cell activation, tolerance-induction and epigenetic modifiers, using integrative approaches, combining bioinformatics, biology and diagnostics.
Immunotherapies that harness the activity of the immune system against tumors are proving to be an effective therapeutic approach in multiple malignancies.
Blocking these checkpoints on T cells has provided dramatic clinical benefit, but only a subset of patients exhibit clear and durable responses, suggesting that other mechanisms must be limiting the immune response.
Grogan and collaborators have identified that TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor expressed by lymphocytes, may play a role in limiting antitumor responses.
She completed her undergraduate degree in science at the University of Melbourne, Australia and a PhD in Immunology at Leiden University in The Netherlands.
She then moved to the United States to take up a position as a Howard Hughes Fellow at the University of California, San Francisco before joining Genentech in 2004.
The Lac du Moulin is a body of water in the watershed of the rivière du Moulin and the Saguenay River.
Lac du Moulin is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Lac du Moulin watershed is mainly served indirectly by the forest road R0287 which runs on the east and north sides of the lake.
The surface of Lac du Moulin is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of the Mill, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-Mill.
This lake comprises a strait of a hundred meters in width formed by two peninsulas advancing towards each other from the east and west banks.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the south-east) from Lake Andrevos and by a stream coming from the east.
From the mouth of Lac du Moulin, the current successively follows the course of the Rivière du Moulin over generally north and from Saguenay River on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Thomas Frewen (1630-1702), of Cleybrooke House, Fulham, Middlesex, St. James’s, Westminster and Brickwall House, Northiam, Sussex, was a Member of Parliament for Rye March 1679 - 1685, 15 January - 1 April 1689 and 9 February 1694 - 1698.
Nontobeko Eveline Vilakazi is a South African politician from the Northern Cape who serves as the province's MEC for Transport and Safety Liaison.
The Deportations of Kurds by Turkey from 1916 to 1934 refers to the population transfer of hundreds of thousands of Kurds from Turkish Kurdistan that was perpetuated by the Ottoman Empire and its successor Turkey in order to Turkify the region.
Most of the Kurds who were deported were forced to leave their autochthonous lands, but the deportations also included the forced sedentarization of Kurdish tribes.
During the 1910s, Kurdish-Ottoman relations were complex as some Kurds had sided with the Committee of Union and Progress against the Christian minorities for opportunistic reasons, while others had positioned themselves against the Ottomans and sided with the Christians.
Kurdish manpower had also been used in the Caucasus campaign against the Russian Empire, but the Ottomans did not consider the Kurds as loyal, believing that they would cooperate with the Armenians and the Russians to further their own nationalist aspirations.
As the forced sedentarization and deportations began, the authorities meticulously followed up to learn how well the policies were working, requesting information on whether those deported had assimilated into Turkish culture.
Moreover, the largest Kurdish city Diyarbakir was declared a 'Turkification Region' and Kurds were deported from the area, as migrants from the Balkans were planned to be settled there.
In 1916, about 300,000 Kurds were deported from Bitlis, Erzurum, Palu and Muş to Konya and Gaziantep during the winter and most perished in a famine.
When the liberal Freedom and Accord Party came to power in 1918 (to 1923), the few surviving deported Kurds were encouraged to return to their areas of origin.
However, the Kurds began to mobilize for a resistance and a group of Kurds led by Colonel Xalîd Begê Cibranî briefly captured the town of Beytuessebap (see Beytussebab rebellion of 1924).
In spite of being unsuccessful, the rebellion generated more distrust and accumulated into the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 which forced the mobilization of half of the Turkish army and prompted the Turks to bomb the Kurds.
The far-right wing of the Young Turks exploited this situation and demanded tougher punishments and even pro-state Kurds were persecuted including politicians Feyzi Pirinççioğlu and Pirinççizâde Sıdkı.
By mid-1925, the government initiated a pogrom in Diyarbakir executing civilians and burning villages to the ground which in total destroyed about 206 villages and killed 15,200 people.
Assuming that the laws had become successful, Turkey eased on the restrictions and allowed some of the deported to return in 1929.
Similar to the previous Sheikh Said rebellion, the Kurds of Mount Ararat rebelled in the Ararat rebellion from 1927 to 1930 and was also subdued.
On this deportation wave, Üngör writes: During the 1940s, most of the survivors of the deported Kurds received amnesty and returned to Kurdistan.
Turkish authorities have treated present-day Tunceli area with suspicion after the rebellion and consequent massacre in the 1930s which included new conducts of deportations.
Estradiol/drospirenone (E2/DRSP), sold under the brand name Angeliq, is a combination of estradiol (E2), an estrogen, and drospirenone (DRSP), a progestin, antimineralocorticoid, and antiandrogen, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy, specifically the treatment of menopausal syndrome and osteoporosis, in postmenopausal women.
The 2020 Newfoundland and Labrador Women's Curling Championship, the women's provincial curling championship for Newfoundland and Labrador, was held from January 11 to 15 at the Re/Max Centre in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
The winning Erica Curtis rink will represent Newfoundland and Labrador at the 2020 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
In the 2020 season, the former Korea National League got merged into the K3 League, and the previous K3 League Advanced and K3 League Basic divisions were rebranded into the K3 League and K4 League.
The first and the second-placed teams will be promoted to the K3 League, while the third and the fourth-placed teams will qualify for the play-offs.
Jeanette (Koch) Gundel (July 16, 1942, Krakow, Poland – November 8, 2019, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US) was an American linguist noted for her work on information structure and pragmatics.
After having taught at the Ohio State University (1974–1977) and the University of Hawaii at Manoa (1978–1980), Gundel joined the Department of Linguistics at the University of Minnesota in 1980 and became Full Professor there in 1992.
She was Head of the academic program in Linguistics from 1999 to 2016, and served as the Director of the Institute of Linguistics from 2010–2016.
Eleocharis microcarpa, common names small-fruited spikesedge, spike-rush, small-fruited spike-rush and tiny-fruited spike-sedge, is a plant in the Eleocharis genus found in North America.
Pushpa Devi is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Chatarpur block of Jharkhand state as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party 2019.
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli (also known as NIT Trichy or NITT), formerly called as Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli, is a public engineering and research institution near the city of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India.
NIT Trichy is recognised as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007.
Educational programmes here extend beyond the physical sciences and engineering into humanities and social sciences such as English and into management studies.
The institute has academic and research collaborations with universities and research centers in India and abroad including the United States and United Kingdom and is undergoing accelerated growth through the World Bank-funded Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP).
The Regional Engineering College (REC) at Tiruchirappalli was founded in 1964 under the affiliation of University of Madras, as a co-operative venture between the Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu to cater to the country's need for manpower in technology.
He was a graduate of Loyola College, Chennai and the Technical University of Nova Scotia (now known as Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University), Canada; he pioneered the formation of Computer Science as a separate educational stream on the Indian scene.
In the early 1980s, the State Government began to find the logistics of controlling these colleges from Madras to be tedious and split the aegis into the Bharathidasan and Bharathiyar universities for the Tiruchirappalli and Coimbatore areas, respectively.
The Institute would grant degrees under this name for the next 20 years, except for a brief stint under Anna University in 2001 and 2002.
The college continued its progress under Bharathidasan University and introduced a Computer Science Department around 1984, split off the Mechanical Engineering Department's manufacturing stream into a Production Engineering Department and introduced the Instrumentation and Control Engineering Department in 1992.
This was temporary, however, as the 40-year collaboration between the Center and the State Governments for all the RECs finally dissolved ; the Center upgraded all the RECs to National Institutes of Technology (NIT) and completely took control of them under the Ministry of Human Resource Development.
In 2002, former Minister of Human Resource Development Murali Manoher Joshi decided to upgrade the RECs to NITs with the goal of modeling each institute based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but with roots in Indian culture.
In 2003, the institution was granted Deemed University status with the approval of the University Grants Commission / All India Council for Technical Education; it was renamed the National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli and was finally granting degrees under its own name.
In 2007, the National Institutes of Technology Act was passed, giving the NITs equal footing to the IITs in terms of pay scales, funding, etc.
The institute receives around 200 crores (US$31 million) every year from the Government of India which is usually spent for research, improving the infrastructural facilities in the campus and to bring international standards.
As part of the golden jubilee plans, a brand new lecture hall complex, sports arena, convention center, computer center, dining messes and several hostels were built in the campus.
NIT Trichy celebrated its Golden Jubilee anniversary on July 19 and 20, 2014, with the President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee presiding over the event as the chief guest.
The institute's academic facilities are located in the southern half of the campus; these include the department buildings, laboratories and workshops, lecture halls, computer centres and the central library.
The campus has separate buildings for the departments of nine engineering, architecture, management, computer applications, energy and environment engineering.Each department has its own library, in addition to the central library, which holds more than one lakh resources including books, periodicals and journals in print and electronic format.
The old lecture hall complex which has forty lecture halls is currently used for the academic classes and lectures for first year undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students.
The eastern and western wings of this building were occupied by the physics and chemistry departments respectively prior to the opening of new building buildings for the same departments in 2016.
NIT Trichy has a modern central library with more than two and half lakh of documents consisting of technical books, reports, standards, compact disks and back volumes of journals.
The library subscribes to more than two hundred print periodicals, more than five thousand e-Journals and more than six hundred e-books besides a holding of around eighteen thousand back volumes of journals.
The Octagon is the institute's primary computer centre, with eight computer labs, printing facilities and a variety of engineering software for use by students.
The original facility, opened in 1990, was extended into a second building in 2006; there are plans to further expand the facility in view of the increase in student enrollment.
Other amenities on campus include a guest house, a modern hospital, an Apollo pharmacy, an India Post office, State Bank of India and its two ATMs, one Canara Bank ATM, Cafe Coffee day restaurant, Naturals parlor and two supermarkets.
Research in the institute is sponsored by major government agencies including the Indian Ordnance Factories, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Coal India Limited, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Department of Science and Technology, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Science and Engineering Research Board, Airports Authority of India, Indian Space Research Organisation, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Digital India, etc.
NITT also works in collaboration with private industries like Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors, Tata Steel, General Electric, ABB, Pepsico, Bosch and more.
Some of the major universities which have a Memorandum of Understanding with the institute are Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Dr. B.R.
Centre for Entrepreneurship Development and Incubation (CEDI) is a Section 25 company registered under section 25 of companies Act 1956, located on the third floor of the Central Library.
CEDI will facilitate the incubatee companies to access NIT Trichy's common infrastructure facilities, departmental laboratories and other resources of NIT Trichy for their products development purposes.
All the necessary mentoring and support for mobilizing funds, creating access to markets, augmenting managerial skills etc., will be provided by the CEDI centre.
CEDI has implemented a project – Technological Incubation and Development of Entrepreneurs (TIDE) funded by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India aims to enable young entrepreneurs to initiate technology start-up companies for commercial exploitation of technologies developed by them in the areas of information and communication technology and electronics.
CEDI has also implemented a project on business and management capacity development of rural women entrepreneurs of India and Sri Lanka by The Asia Foundation.
It is the first of its kind incubation centre in south India which incubates startups to build applications and products in tandem with the industry which would be used for future space missions.
The S-TIC brings the industry, academia and ISRO under one umbrella contributing towards research and development (R&D) initiatives relevant to the Indian Space Programme.
Unlike the rest of the courses in the institute DoMS follows a trimester pattern with a two-month compulsory internship at the end of first year.
There are 12 sophisticated Laboratories for Design and Validation, Advanced Manufacturing, Test and Optimization, Automation, Electrical and Energy savings, Process Instrumentation, Mechatronics, CNC Machines, CNC Controller, Robotics, Rapid Prototyping and Internet of Things which provides an opportunity for promising innovations.
The centre was built at a cost of ₹190 crores ($27 million) and was inaugurated by Human Resource Development Minister Prakash Javadekar on 5 October 2018.
The Board of Governors of each NIT consists of the chairman and ten members, which include government, industry, alumni and faculty representation.
Together they manage the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee.
Faculty members serve as Deans and Heads of Departments for limited periods, typically 2 to 3 years, then returning to regular faculty duties.
Admission to the undergraduate programmes is highly competitive and is based on the rank secured in the Joint Entrance Examination (Main).
Candidates must also secure at least 75% marks in the 12th class examination, or be in the top 20 percentile in the 12th class examination conducted by the respective Boards.
The examination is considered to be one of the toughest examinations in the world and the high school science students who clears the examination with top ranks generally opt NIT Trichy as their first choice for admissions in undergraduate programmes.
NIT Trichy follows the reservation policy declared by the Supreme Court of India, by which 27% of seats are reserved for Other Backward Classes, 15% for Scheduled Castes, and 7.5% for Scheduled Tribes.
The institute also accepts foreign nationals through scholarships awarded by the Government of India, and non-resident Indians through an independent scheme known as Direct Admission for Students Abroad that uses SAT scores.
Admissions to the Doctorate of Philosophy programmes are based on the written tests followed by personal interviews conducted by the institute.
In the final year of their studies, most of the students are offered jobs in industries and other organisations through the Training and Placement section of the institute.
Some of the students are admitted in the M.Tech and M.S (by research) courses through the sponsorship of the companies like Larsen and Toubro, Bharat Heavy Electricals limited, and Ashok Leyland.
The Department of Computer Applications offers two full-time post-graduate programmes — three-year Master of Computer Applications (MCA) programme and two-year Master of Science (Operations Research & Computer Applications) programme.
Also many of the students after finishing their doctoral studies, do post doctoral fellowships at research labs and universities in India and abroad.
Most of the institute's athletic facilities are located in and around the sports centre which includes indoor badminton courts and a fitness centre for men.
Adjoining this building are a swimming pool and an outdoor stadium with a track, which is also used as a cricket field.
NIT Trichy has over 35 student groups spanning a variety of interests, including cultural, social and professional groups, student publications and recreational groups.
Undergraduate students participate in one of three national programmes in their first year: the National Cadet Corps, the National Sports Organisation or the National Service Scheme.
The Delta Force is an active group of developers and programmers who are responsible for the maintenance of the institute website and the development, administration, and updating of most of the content on the institute intranet.
The science groups include Robotics and Machine Intelligence (robotics club),The Third Dimension Aero-Modelling (mechanical and aero-modelling club), Builder's Hive (Civil Engineering Club), Nakshatra (astronomy club), Phyxion (physics education club), Maximus (mathematics education club) and Pure Science Initiative (pure science education and research club).
The fine arts groups include the Dance Troupe (dance club), Music Troupe (music club), Thespians' Society (drama club) and Amruthavarshini (Carnatic music club).
These groups have won various awards in different national level inter-college competitions such as in IITs, IIMs, NITs and other top institutes in India.
As the name suggests, this club plays a very important role in promoting Tamil amongst the students by organizing various programs, Tamil events in cultural festivals and also book fairs where classics are available at subsidized prices.
Held every year since 1975 during the month of September, this event encompasses music, dance and literary competitions, with thousands of participants from colleges all over the country vying for the trophy.
The event has seen performances by Indian musicians including Karthik, Srinivas, Naresh Iyer, Kadri Gopalnath, Sivamani and Benny Dayal as well as bands like Indian Ocean, Euphoria and Silk Route.
Also on the agenda are the various literary competitions split up between English, Hindi and Tamil, along with the cultural and arts events.
Pragyan, the ISO 9001 & 20121 certified annual international techno-management organization of the NIT Trichy, ever since its inception in 2005, has served as a golden platform that attracts brilliant and innovative minds every year from nearly 100 colleges across the country to come and showcase their technical and managerial prowess.
Since then it has broadened its horizon and forayed into the international arena by bagging the credit of being the first student run organization in the world to get an ISO 20121:2012 certification for Sustainable Event Management and also by organizing online programming contests that attracts participation from 60 countries.
During Nittfest, departments square off against each other over four days to battle over various events like quizzes, debates, music, dance, drama etc.
Spread over two days, the symposiums usually include paper presentations, guest lectures, workshops and various other events pertaining to the central theme each department has decided on for the year.
The symposiums conducted by the various academic departments are Alchemy (chemical engineering), Archcult (architecture), Bizzdom (management studies), Currents (electrical and electronics engineering), Horizon (Chemistry), Inphynitt (Physics), Mettle (metallurgical and materials engineering), Moments (civil engineering), Probe (electronics and communication engineering), Prodigy (production engineering), Sensors (instrumentation and control engineering), Synergy (mechanical engineering), Version (computer applications), Vortex (computer science and engineering).
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli alumni include Chief Executive Officers and top executives of Fortune India 500 and Forbes Global 2000 companies such as Natarajan Chandrasekaran, Chairman of Tata Sons; Rajesh Gopinathan, CEO and Managing Director of Tata Consultancy Services; T. V. Narendran, Global CEO and Managing Director of Tata Steel; K. R. Sridhar, CEO and founder of Bloom Energy and R. Ravimohan, former Executive Director of Reliance Industries.
Murray Pipon (1882 – 1971) was a Royal Navy officer who served in World War I and, after being recalled to active duty in 1940, World War II.
After World War I, he served as naval attaché in Paris, France, chief of staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth and commanded the battleship in 1930–1932.
He commanded the light cruiser at the beginning of the 1930s and then served as one of the Assistant Directors of Plans at the Admiralty in 1932–1934.
Angus Schumacher (born 16 March 1999) is an Australian rules footballer playing for East Perth in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).
Originally from South Australia, Schumacher moved to Strathfieldsaye, Victoria, at the age of 12 and played junior football for the local club.
He played for the Bendigo Pioneers in the TAC Cup from 2016, becoming vice-captain in 2017 and finishing third in the club's best and fairest.
Schumacher represented Vic Country in two matches of the 2017 AFL Under 18 Championships and tested at the 2017 AFL Draft Combine, performing particularly well on the goalkicking and field kicking tests.
Schumacher spent the majority of his Carlton stint with the Northern Blues, the club's Victorian Football League affiliate, playing 32 games and kicking four goals over two years.
Near the end of the 2019 season, he made his AFL debut against in round 20, but was delisted post-season without playing another match.
He trained with prior to the 2019 draft in the hope of continuing with a second AFL club, but signed with East Perth after missing out on selection.
Tony Richards (born 9 June 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 2020 season will be Viking's 2nd consecutive year in Eliteserien, and their 70th season in the top flight of Norwegian football.
Colin Treharne (born 30 July 1937) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
Kotta mara is used in riverine warfare, as an armed vessel or simply a blockhouse or fortification to prevent enemy advance in the river.
According the Great Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), kota mara means (1) Wall on a ship to protect men mounting the cannon (2) Terrace or wall over a castle which a cannon is mounted.
The kotta mara with bastion, like the one seen by Jacob Jansz de Roy, is constructed from wooden logs of various size and diameter.
The large kotta mara (like that of Pulau Kanamit) is described with more accuracy: An elongated square window is located on a heavy raft, which is assembled from large trees.
The inner space of this window is spacious in the length and width such that a deck can be laid from the split bamboo to form the floor and also to rig firm yokes and trestles against them, against which the top edge of the palisade will rest, while the feet of the posts are prevented by the above-mentioned window from slipping.
The wall of the fort is double; the outer covering consists of vertical, slight inwardly sloping trees which, placed against each other, are forming a parapet of nearly 5 Nd.
The raft is closed at the top by a cover of fairly heavy parts, was completely bomb-proof by an attic of beams.
The outer covering was arranged in such a way that if a hole was made by a penetrating bullet, it would immediately closed again by the rolling of other parts or logs, which were set against the outer posts completely loosely.
On the deck were two small houses set up, in one of those houses a cell block was found, which could hold 5 or 6 prisoners.
A magazine of foodstuffs, blocks and shackles to store prisoners of war, a roof to sleep in and many other conveniences were present.
However, the 4 main posts of the building had already been carved in the shape of a man with an exceptionally large nose, mouth with sharp teeth, and the lower part of the body ending in the tail of a caiman.
There was enough room inside the building for about 50 people, however the operation of the artillery must have been difficult, since the braces and struts crossed each other frequently, but everything bore the signs of solid construction.
This water-building was formidable that when the European shot a 8-pounder cannon to it, albeit with good charge, the cannon could not harm it.
During the Banjar war (1859-1906), there are several accounts of Kotta mara encounter by the Dutch, but only few are known to be written.
According to Ahmad Barjie the kotta maras were ordered by Raden Jaya Anum of Middle Kapuas, also known as Juragan Kuat.
On those occasions, the Celebes came to Pulau Petak and steamed (27 July) with the Tjipanas to the Sungai Kayu to stop the Banjar plan by an offensive act.
The completed raft, which braved the fire of the 30 pounders for hours, was described by the Dutch in their report, mentioned earlier in this page.
Second class sea lieutenant W. Steffens was sent in armed barkas on exploration, between Pulau Kanamit and the shore by rowing.
After about half an hour, the officer returned and announced that the barkas had come across a kotta mara that filled the entire space of the passage, that large masses of people on that fortification had curiously stared at the barkas, without starting hostilities, and that it might be possible to get the Celebes backwards in the passage to shoot the kotta mara with the aftside 30 pounder cannon.
Returning to Plankey in the evening, Mr. Maks informed that it would be impossible to enter the passage with the Celebes.
The armed barkas Ardjoeno, under the command of sea Lieutenant Clifford Kocq van Breugel, protected the troops, and exchanged some rifle and cartet bullets (iron cannon shot) with the enemy hiding in the undergrowth.
Finally the barkas came in the side of the kotta mara, releasing a cartet shot from the 12-pound carronnade, but with no effect; the shot fell like grains of sand along the poles of the kotta mara's parapet.
The enemy shot guns on the sloops, but hastily left the fortification as soon as the steamship Celebes started to cooperate with the rear middle cannon.
Probably it's because the Banjar and Dayak had been fighting with the Dutch's 30 pounder before, and at 35 ells (24.5 m) range the Banjar and Dayak didn't like it (because at this range the 30 pounder is able to penetrate the kotta mara).
The first bullet shot took the head off one of the corner posts; a second shot destroyed a couple of plates.
The third shot with a 16 duim (43.2 cm) grenade (exploding shell) struck in the middle of the long side, penetrated the outer casing and remained lodged against the inner casing of ironwood and exploded there.
At about 11 o'clock the Dutch flag flew on the kotta mara and in the evening at 9 o'clock this fortification has been dragged to Plankey.
In 1871-72, the disorderly conduct of Khalkom, a Mizo chief, compelled the British to establish an outpost that later became the Aizawl village.
The post had been established by Suakpuilala, the Chief of Reiek and it was only 14 kilometres from Sairang from where one could travel by flat bottomed boat.
In 1890, officer Dally of the Assam Police and his 400 men arrived at Aizawl to support Colonel Skinner's troops during a British military operation against the Mizo tribals.
On Dally's recommendation, Aizawl was selected as the site of a fortified post that Colonel Skinner had been ordered to construct.
The Indian Air Force carried out air strikes on the town during the March 1966 Mizo National Front uprising, following which the MNF withdrew to Lunglei.
Until 1966, Aizawl was a large village but the regrouping of Mizo villages after the uprising made it become a larger town and then a city.
It is situated on a ridge 1,132 metres (3715 ft) above sea level, with the Tlawng river valley to its west and the Tuirial river valley to its east.
It was formed in 2010 with 19 Members when the Congress-ZNP party coalition was voted to power in the state legislative assembly.
There is a Ward Committee in every ward that consists of a Chairman, who is an elected councillor from that ward, and two members each from all the local council within the ward.
However, there are also significant numbers of the Salvation Army, Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, United Pentecostal Church and Roman Catholics in the city.
Those include - Hotel Sangchia located in Zarkawt, Hotel Grand located in Zarkawt, Hotel Floria located in Dawrpui, Ritz Hotel located in Canteen Kual, Tourist Lodge located in Chaltlang, Chawlhna Hotel located in Zarkawt, Riakmaw Inn located in Zarkawt, Hotel Ahimsa located in Zarkawt, and other numerous affordable hotels.
Foreign nationals have to register themselves at the office of the Superintendent of the Police (CID/SB) of Mizoram within 24hours of arrival.
However, citizens of China, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan require prior approval of the Ministry of Home Affairs before entering the state.
The airport provides connectivity to Kolkata Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, Guwahati Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Shillong Airport and Imphal Imphal Airport.
A helicopter service by Pawan Hans was started in 2012 and connects the city with Lunglei, Lawngtlai, Saiha, Chawngte, Serchhip, Champhai, Kolasib, Khawzawl, Ngopa and Hnahthial.
Mizoram is connected by railroad up to Bairabi, there are plans to connect Bairabi with Sairang with broad gauge railway track, near Aizawl.
Aizawl is connected by road with Silchar through National Highway 54, with Agartala through National Highway 40 and with Imphal through National Highway 150.
Parochial schools are run by the Baptist Church of Mizoram, the Presbyterian Church of India (Synod), several Roman Catholic (St. Paul's Higher Secondary School, Mary Mount School, St. Lawrence School, St. Mary's School) religious orders and the Seventh-day Adventists (Helen Lowry).
Hrangbana College was established in 1980, located in Chanmari, Aizawl, it has 57 teaching staffs with 22 non-teaching staffs and more than 2,000 students in commerce and arts departments.
Football is the most popular sport in Mizoram with a number of footballers playing in national leagues in different parts of India.
He has chaired the board of directors of AXA since 2016, and the supervisory board of the French Foundation for Medical Research since 2017.
In 1986, he took over the responsibility for corporate tax and then indirect taxes at the tax legislation department of the French tax authority.
In 2003, he was appointed member of the management board of AXA in charge of finance, control and strategy, and he held this post up to 2009.
In April 2010, he became member of the board of directors and deputy chief executive officer, in charge of finance, strategy and operations.
On 1 September 2016, he was named chairman of the board of directors as the same time as Thomas Buberl was named CEO, these two functions having been separated when Henri de Castries left the company.
For AXA, one of the aims of appointing Duverne chairman was to build on his regulatory affairs experience in France and abroad.
From 2007 to 2009, Denis Duverne was Chairman of the Europe Insurance CFO Forum, a discussion group formed by financial leaders from major insurance companies (created in 2002 to promote transparent financial reporting in the insurance sector).
Since September 2018, he has been Chair of the Insurance Development Forum, an organization launched at COP21 with the support of the World Bank and the United Nations to reinforce the use of insurance against natural disasters to protect populations and the various stakeholders involved.
In 2014, Denis Duverne joined the Private Sector Advisory Group, which was co-founded by OECD and the World Bank to improve corporate governance in developing countries.
He has been a trustee of La Chaîne d’Espoir, a charity providing access to healthcare and education for disadvantaged children, since 2014.
Changer par le don aims to encourage wealthy people to donate at least 10% of their revenues or property to charitable causes.
John Barry Anthony Gill (born 3 February 1941) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Hartlepools United and Mansfield Town.
Ethinylestradiol/drospirenone (EE/DRSP), sold under the brand name Yasmin among others, is a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, and drospirenone (DRSP), a progestin, antimineralocorticoid, and antiandrogen, which is used as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.
It is also indicated for the treatment of moderate acne, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) in women.
The medication is taken by mouth and contains 30 μg EE and 3 mg DRSP per tablet (brand names Yasmin, others) or 20 μg EE and 3 mg DRSP per tablet (brand names Yaz, Yasminelle, others).
He is the commander of ground forces and has served as the army's acting chief of staff since 23 December 2019.
He became the commander of ground forces in September 2018 and was named acting chief of staff following the death of Ahmed Gaid Salah on 23 December 2019.
After the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, his advisory position was retained during the Provisional Government and the Republic of Hawaii.
His father was Zane Shang Hsien (), part of the first wave of Chinese master sugar planters who emigrated to Hilo during the reign of Kamehameha III.
Kaikilani was the descendant of the aliʻi (chief) of the district of Puna on the island of Hawaii and notable ancestors include Ululani, Aliʻi of Hilo, and Kamanawa, one of the royal twins (with Kameʻeiamoku) who advised Kamehameha I in his conquest of the Hawaiian Islands.
Zane and Kaikilani's children were Amoe Ululani, John Jr., and Laura Amoy, all of whom attended American missionary Lucy Wetmore's children's school in Hilo.
Ena was the company's vice president when Godfrey retired in 1898, at which time Ena became corporate president, a position he held until illness forced his retirement.
Ena served on both Kalākaua's Privy Council of State from 1888 to 1891 and Liliʻuokalani's Privy Council of State from 1891 to 1893.
He was decorated as an Officer of the Royal Order of the Crown of Hawaii on October 7, 1886 and his obituary also claimed he was also decorated with the Royal Order of the Star of Oceania.
He was elected as a member of the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature, for a four-year term representing the island of Oahu.
During this session, Ena joined his fellow members in ousting a number of Queen Liliʻuokalani's cabinet ministers for want of confidence, a power introduced by the Bayonet Constitution of 1887 which empowered the legislative branch of government at the expense of the Queen.
According to later testimony of Hermann A. Widemann in the 1893 Blount Report, Ena was one of the politicians who aspired to appointment as cabinet minister.
Under the Provisional Government, Ena served on the Advisory Council to president Sanford B. Dole, as well as on the Board of Health, and the Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry.
Ena was a participant of the Constitutional Convention for the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii, which was established on July 4, 1894, and was one of the five Native Hawaiian signatories of the Republic's constitution.
After Dole was named as the president of Republic of Hawaii, Ena was among the same advisors who were carried over in their positions from the Provisional Government.
With his second wife Mary Kahoʻoilimoku Lane (1859–1890), sister of future Mayor of Honolulu John C. Lane, he had nine children, including Mary Kapualahaole, Clara Keaolani, Thomas Foster Kaalokaiaokalani, Daisy Miliakalani, Ana Ululani, John Kalanikauhema and Mabel K. Two daughters Daisy Kekuakapulani and Violet died in infancy.
By the time of Ena's death in Long Beach, California on December 12, 1906, he had amassed considerable wealth through commerce and real estate holdings.
Although Ena inherited a Hilo sugar plantation from his father, his own investments brought the aggregate total to eight sugar plantations.
He was laid to rest next to his mother Kaikilani, his second wife Mary Lane, and their infant daughters: Daisy and Violet.
The Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies (DGPCE) is a component of the Spanish Department of the Interior responsible for promoting, planning and coordinating the various actors involved in the field of civil defence, both national and international.
Civil defence currently finds its legal basis, within the Spanish Constitution, in the obligation of public authorities to guarantee the right to life and physical integrity, as the first and most important of all fundamental rights (article 15), in the principles of national unity and territorial solidarity (article 2), and in the essential requirements of efficiency and administrative coordination (article 103).
By Law, in accordance with article 30.4 of the Constitution, citizens may be imposed duties to deal with cases of serious risk.
The first measures around civil protection in Spain were taken in 1941 when the Central Office for Passive Defence and Territory was created to protect the population and the resources and wealth of the country.
This Central Office depended directly on the Office of the Prime Minister and it was headed by a general officer of the Army.
This year the Central Office was reformed and the Directorate-General for Civil Protection was created with the main objective of creating an organ with the same denomination that was used in the international scope.
In 1967, the directorate-general was relegated to the rank of sub-directorate-general and integrated into the Directorate-General of the Civil Guard, which since 1943 had some units for these purpose.
In addition, it developed and regulated its several units, maintained the service to its full extent, guaranteed the dissemination of the media, reinforced cooperation with the Civil Guard and respected the local and provincial character traditionally recognized for the fight against emergencies.
Already in 1980, during the term of Minister Juan José Rosón, the civil protection system was strengthened with the creation of a collective body to coordinate the action of the rest of departments, administrations and organizations, both public and private.
Likewise, the Directorate-General for Civil Protection was recovered and structured through a General Secretariat and the information, operational coordination and mobilization services.
In July 1982, a new structure was approved based on two sub-directorates-general: one of Studies and Organization for conducting studies, for training and improvement of professional and volunteer staff, as well as assuming the secretariat of the National Committee and preparing the legislation; and a sub-directorate-general of Operations for operational intervention and drills.
In the nation-wide level, the Ministry of the Interior exercises the higher direction, coordination and inspection of the actions and resources used to accomplish with the civil protection plans.
In the regional level, the autonomous communities are authorized to regulate its own civil defence systems, but always with a coordination body with representatives of all administrations and the higher coordination of the State.
The Military Emergencies Unit, created in 2006 has became a fundamental element of the System, intervening in all the most important national and international catastrophes since its creation.
The National Civil Protection System Act, in its article 17, establishes the obligation of the Armed Forces to collaborate in case of catastrophe, and it does so through the mentioned unit.
To request the assistance of the UME, the request has to be made by the Minister of Home Affairs to the Minister of Defence.
The Act also establishes that, in a case of a national interest emergency, the UME would assume the higher direction of the emergency under the orders of the Minister of Home Affairs.
All citizens, since the coming of age, are subject to the obligation to collaborate, personally and materially, in civil protection, in case of requirement by the competent authorities.
This obligation consist in complying with the prevention and protection measures established by law to protect persons and goods when required.
In cases of serious risk, catastrophe or public calamity, all residents in the national territory are obliged to perform personal provisions required by the competent authority, without the right to compensation for this cause, and to comply with general or individuals orders that the authority dictates.
With concentrations less than 7%, onset of symptoms may not occur for hours while with concentrations greater than 15% onset of symptoms in nearly immediate.
Burns with areas larger than 160 cm (25 square inches) have the potential to cause serious systemic toxicity from interference with blood and tissue calcium levels.
Breathing in the HF fumes can result in fevers, pulmonary edema (fluid buildup in the lungs), bleeding, and low blood oxygen.
Hydrofluorocarbons in automatic fire suppression systems can release hydrogen fluoride at high temperatures, and this has led to deaths from acute respiratory failure in military personnel when a rocket-propelled grenade hit the fire suppression system in their vehicle.
Formation of insoluble calcium fluoride is proposed as the cause for both precipitous fall in serum calcium and the severe pain associated with tissue toxicity.
Initial treatment of exposure involves removing contaminated clothing and washing the affected area with large amount of water over at least 30 minutes.
If pain continues calcium gluconate can be injected into the affected area or given by injection into a vein or artery.
Born Theodore Abrahamson in Cheetham, in Manchester, he was educated at a Jewish school, leaving when he was thirteen, to undertake an apprenticeship as a chemist.
Ted was influenced by Ben's socialism, and both Ted and his younger brother David became founder members of the Manchester Young Communist League (YCL) in 1922.
Ted joined the Communist Party of Great Britain the following year, and also began working full-time for the YCL, as its organiser for North East England and Glasgow.
He was elected to the National Executive of Committee of the YCL, and in 1929, attended the Lenin School in Moscow.
This proved only short-term, and he returned again to Manchester, working at the Books and Books shop until it closed in 1935.
He then returned to making waterproof clothing, joining the Waterproof Garment Workers' Union, and in 1937 he was elected as general secretary of the union.
He returned to working for the Communist Party, spending time as secretary of its Economic Committee, and then of its Cultural Committee.
The Liga Handebol Brasil feminina 2019 (2019 Women's Brazil Handball League) was the 23rd season of the top tier Brazilian handball national competitions for clubs, it is organized by the Brazilian Handball Confederation.
Galerekwe Mase Manopole is a South African politician and member of the African National Congress (ANC) who has been serving as a Member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature since 10 October 2017.
It has permission for a commercial-scale 50 Megawatt/250 Megawatt-hour plant in England, building upon its earlier 5 Megawatt and 350 Kilowatt pilot plants.
At times of high demand for electricity, when prices are typically high, the liquid is expanded through a turbine to generate electricity, free of combustion and the resultant emissions.
The system utilises standard equipment from sectors like Liquified Natural Gas and, unlike short-duration energy storage technologies (like thermochemical batteries), doesn't require mining for - or complex recycling of - rare minerals.
The contest for Deputy Mayor was won by Kevin Young, whilst Lea Brown, Michele Christian, Shawn Christian, Ariel Harding and Leslie Jaques were elected to the Island Council.
She represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won two medals: the silver medal in the women's club throw F51 event and the bronze medal in the women's discus throw F52 event.
In 2014 she competed in paracanoeing at the 2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships and she won the bronze medal in the women's V–1 200 m A event.
She also accomplished this feat at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships in the women's club throw F51 event with a distance of 25.23.
He is a former member of the North Carolina General Assembly, who represented the 72nd district in the North Carolina House of Representatives.
Rosa Porto (September 19, 1930 – December 13, 2019) was a Cuban-born American baker and businesswoman, founder of Porto's Bakery & Cafe chain of restaurants in Southern California.
During the early years of the Cuban Revolution, her husband cut sugar cane in a labor camp, and Rosa baked for neighbors to support her family.
They moved to Los Angeles, where she sold her Cuban-style cakes and other foods from home, while her husband worked as a janitor.
Rosa Porto retired from baking in the 1990s; her children and grandchildren continue to run the business, now with over a thousand employees.
During World War I, he worked as an agricultural labourer, then in industry, before finding work on the railways in Losheim.
Because he was fluent in both French and German languages, he was able to play a leading role in the transfer of railways in the Eupen-Malmedy region to Belgium.
His language skills saw him working closely with Ernest Bevin, but in 1931 he moved to Zurich to take a research post with the International Federation of Food and Drink Workers.
He proved successful, and became the party's acting general secretary, but the position was not made permanent, and so in November 1938 he returned to the ITF, now as secretary of the railwaymen's section.
In 1943, he was appointed as Assistant General Secretary of the ITF, remaining in post under Jaap Oldenbroek and then Omer Becu, despite frequent disagreements with both.
As leader, he focused on liaising with the International Labour Organization, and encouraging the growth of trade unions in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Tofahrn had a heart attack in 1962, and took six months off work, but later returned and retired only in 1968.
The series is directed by Makoto Moriwaki at Bandai Namco Pictures, with Kazuyuki Fudeyasu handling series composition, and Akimitsu Honma composing the music.
Charlene Evelyn Dolly Warren-Peu (born 9 June 1979) is a Pitcairnese politician who is currently Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands, the first woman to hold the position on a permanent basis.
Warren-Peu was born on Pitcairn to Jay Warren and Carol Grace Christian, and is an eighth-generation descendant of the Bounty Mutineers that originally settled Pitcairn.
She runs the island post office, manages a homestay for visitors and produces honey with her husband Vaine Warren-Peu, a Cook Islander.
At the time of the Dutch arrival, the region was inhabited by various tribes speaking Trans–New Guinea languages, such as the Awyu, the Yaqay, or the Kayagar.
The inhabitant of the area were mostly left alone by the outside world until the first half of the 20th century, when the Dutch started taking an interest in the region.
In 1926, a penitential colony for political prisoners was established further inland at Tanahmerah, although it would take ten more years for the first Dutch government post to be established in the Mappi area.
In 1936 a military post known as Mappi Post was set up on an hill named Tamao, at the confluence of the Digoel and Kawarga River, to prevent Headhunting raids which were creating unrest and migrations, and assert Dutch control over the area.
Following the Japanese invasion of New Guinea in 1942 and the subsequent bombing of the post by Japanese aircraft in 1943, the post was essentially abandoned and only manned by a coastwatcher.
In 1944, the Australian Army moved in, installing a radar station which had been previously operating in Bupul, with the goal of spotting Japanese airplanes coming from the west to attack Merauke.
However, as the Japanese airfields were wiped out by allied aerial bombardments, the radar station became useless and the Australian army departed in 1945.
Shortly after the war in 1946, the administrative center of the Mappi subdistrict was moved from the Mappi Post to the village of Kepi, a protestant mission with a church was established there, and catholic religious orders soon followed, such as the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart or Our Lady of the Seven Dolours in 1948.
This Welfare Plan Mappi and the Regional Plan, which encouraged the cultivation of cocoa and rubber, were joint ventures of the mission and the Dutch government.
The christian missionaries carried on their work after the withdrawal of the Dutch from the area in 1962, and the subsequent transfer of Western New Guinea to Indonesia.
During the rainy monsoon, the rivers in the region regularly overflow their banks and often flood large areas for several months.
The city can also be reached by boats going up the Oba river, itself connected to the Digul and the Odamun rivers through the Mappi river.
After graduating from Brown University, she began modeling professionally, debuting as a Prada exclusive; it is considered the highest feat for a new model.
In addition to a Steven Meisel-photographed Prada campaign, she walked for the likes of Dries van Noten, Chanel, Azzedine Alaïa, Isabel Marant, Dolce & Gabbana, Victoria Beckham, Tommy Hilfiger, Jason Wu, Narciso Rodriguez, Hugo Boss, Erdem, 3.1 Phillip Lim, Loewe, Sacai (which she opened), and Acne Studios (which she closed).
Anabel del Carmen Guzmán Rodríguez (born 8 September 1991) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a centre back for Chilean club Colo-Colo. She has been a member of the Venezuela women's national team.
After 1945, with Hesse now a part of the US occupation zone till May 1949, and thereafter a constituent element of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), Rink served as a member of the Landtag (state parliament) of Hesse between December 1946 and November 1950.
As a young man, hungry for education, he attended the Trades Union Academy in Berlin as well as the Party and Commercial Academy in Frankfurt am Main.
At the end of 1918 the USPD itself splintered: by or during the early part of 1919 Rink, like most USPD activists, had switched his political allegiance to the newly formed Communist Party.
However, during the aftermath of the so-called March Action he backed the former party leader Paul Levi, whose political differences with the newly powerful hardliner faction continued to intensify.
Aloys Rink resumed his membership of the SPD and returned to his work as a skilled metal worker, while still continuing to serve on the town council.
As German politics became increasingly polarised, and following an unsuccessful Reichstag candidacy in 1930, Rink returned to the at , but now as SPD members.
However, the SPD also staged a small recovery (at the expense of the Communists), the number of their seats increasing to 17. .
After the National Socialists took power nationally, the country was rapidly transformed into a one-party dictatorship during the first part of 1933.
The new government was keen to bring Germany more closely into line with the anglo-french government model by imposing a powerfully centralised government structure: under the terms of state level parliaments were abolished, formally with effect from 7 July 1933.
Aloys Rink's parliamentary career came to an end for the duration of the Hitler period, along with his role as a town councillor.
With the fall of the National Socialists in 1945, non-Nazi party membership ceased to be illegal, and Aloys Rink, by now aged 64, resumed his SPD membership, becoming a co-refounder of the .
While resuming his long-standing former role as a town councillor in , he took a senior post with the welfare department for .
Under the post-war military occupation the state of Hesse was relaunched, and a new 90 seat democratically elected Landtag (state parliament) was inaugurated in December 1946.
A memory which the grandson particularly treasured was the time that Aloys Rink had given him a bicycle, which in the context of the post-war austerity had been an exceptionally generous present.
Pearl Harbor Naval Base station is an under construction Honolulu Rail Transit station in Honolulu, Hawaii, serving Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
The Waziristan campaign was a road construction effort and military campaign conducted from 21 December 1921 to 31 March 1924 by British and Indian forces in Waziristan (in what is now Pakistan).
These operations were part of the new Forward Policy, which sought to reduce and eventually eliminate tribal uprisings and tribal raids into settled districts by stationing regular troops inside Waziristan, which would then be capable of swiftly responding to Waziri rebellions.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
The Societe d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe (Guadeloupe Historical Society) is a French society for the study of the history of Guadeloupe, the French Antilles and the wider Caribbean basin.
The recording was made in a single shot, without using the overdubbing technique of layers of audio, but all the instruments playing simultaneously to give the material the sensation of live recording.
The music video was recorded in Germany at MTV Europe Studios and directed by Kai Matthiesen, famous for his work with Mr. President and Scatman John.
The video begins when Mette enters a sea-view kitchen-like setting and picks up a crunchy serial box containing two human miniatures (which are actually Christian and Mads) along with fruits like mango, strawberry, pineapple, coconut and kiwifruit, which come to life after being licked by mette.
Within his first year of work, he took part in a lengthy strike, and as a result, was allowed to join the Basford and District Hosiery Trimmers' and Finishers' Society, despite being under the usual age for admission.
He then returned to his trade in Nottingham, to find high unemployment, and these two experiences led him to become a socialist.
In 1921, Charlesworth's union merged into the new Nottingham and District Hosiery Finishers' Association (NHFA), in which he became increasingly active.
He was elected to the executive of the NHFA in 1930, as vice president in 1933, and then president in 1934.
He also represented the union to the National Federation of Hosiery Dyers and Finishers, and on the Nottingham and District Trades Council.
Charlesworth joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1930, and although he did not keep this a secret, it did not initially impeded his trade unionism.
In 1940, he was removed from the trades council's executive for his support for the People's Convention, but with the backing of the NHFA was soon reinstated, becoming president of the trades council in 1941 and 1942, then assistant secretary from 1943.
Charlesworth managed to almost double membership, to 3,500, and resolve the disputes, but he believed that the various local hosiery unions should merge.
Within four years, he had increased its membership from 1,700 to 2,700, increased its provision of education and recreation, and took the leading role in the Hosiery Finishers' Association.
By the late 1960s, he felt that the union was threatened by changes in the trade, and he led its merger into the NUHW, completed in 1969.
The union became the Nottingham (Finishers) district of the NUHW, and Charlesworth continued as its secretary until his retirement in 1973, also working as secretry of the Hosiery Finishers' Association.
Charlesworth was elected as secretary of the Nottingham and District Trades Council in 1950, focusing on industrial affairs, peace, and opposition to racism.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
The proposed name for this station, Mokauea, is derived from an ancient place name and refers to the largest island off the Kalihi ahupuaʻa.
The series is being directed by Nobuhiro Kondo with screenplay by Toshimitsu Takeuchi and character designs by Kazuko Tadano and Hiromi Matsushita.
She has exhibited her paintings and films in several countries including South Africa, United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Vernice and Portugal.
Some of shows she has exhibited at include; the Standard Bank Gallery in Johannesburg, the ifa Gallery in Berlin, the South London Gallery and Tate Modern in London, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Rio de Janeiro, Joburg Pavilion at the 56th Venice Biennale and the Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris.
She has been an artist in residence at the XXVIIes Aterliers Internationaux, FRAC des Pays de la Loire in France, VAIVEM in Sao Paulo, Vanilla Facts in Berlin, Cruces International, Montevideo and the Bag Factory Artist Residency.
Emmanuel Ollive (18 January 1882 – 1 June 1950) was a French naval officer who served in First and Second World Wars.
Student at the School of Torpedo Officers on the cruiser in Toulon, he graduated patented August 1908 with an official testimony of satisfaction.
Second gunner officer on the semi-dreadnought in 1913, he served on land during the First World War on the French front where he commanded a battery from the regiment of sea gunners then, in 1917, the 2nd group of river gunboats.
In 1924, he commanded the destroyer and the 2nd torpedo squadron and obtained two testimonies of satisfaction for the shooting competitions of 1924 and 1925.
Captain ( July 1927 ), Chief of Staff of Admiral Doctor , he drew up a study on combat artillery which was authoritative and allowed him to be appointed in July 1929 to command the armored cruiser and at the presidency of the Commission of practical studies of the naval artillery.
In 1932, he went to the War School and the Center for Advanced Naval Studies and was promoted to Rear Admiral in February 1933.
Chief of Staff of Admiral Herr, Inspector General of the Northern Maritime Forces, Major General in Brest, he commands May 1935 the 1st squadron destroyer group in Toulon and then July 1936 3 Light Wing.
Vice Admiral in February 1937, the first Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Navy, he was promoted Vice-Admiral of the Wing in March.
Commander in Chief of the Mediterranean Wing ( March 1938 ), maritime prefect of Toulon ( September 1938 ), he receives in May 1939 the command in chief of the Mediterranean fleet with his flag on the battleship and then in November, that of the maritime forces of the South Atlantic and Africa.
Commander-in-chief and maritime prefect of the 4th region in Algiers July 1940 - October 1942), he was promoted to admiral in November 1940 and is responsible for the protection of supply convoys intended for the mainland.
District 1 is based in the Northern Panhandle, covering all of Brooke, Hancock, and Ohio Counties and parts of Marshall County.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 1st congressional district, and overlaps with the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
Bishop William Coppinger (1753-1830) was an Irish Catholic priest, who served as Bishop of Cloyne and Ross, from 1791 until his death.
Born in County Cork, the son of Stephen Coppinger, he trained as a priest in the Irish College, Paris, (at the time, under the penal laws, there was no Catholic Seminaries or Colleges in Ireland).
He stood up for the rights of Catholics, in opposing the 1800 Act of Union, and tithes tenant farmers were forced to pay.
She had a long career that included winning 54 national titles, leading her to become one of the best Irish players of contract bridge of her time.
She retired from international competition in 1981 when 70 years old but continued to compete in national events and won her last title in 1992.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
In this season, seventeen Belgians compete in two tribes of eight where they compete for 33 days to see who will become Robinson 2018 and win €25,000.
After 33 days, Robbe De Backer became the winner of Robinson 2018 after winning against Nele Velghe in a 6-1 jury vote.
The Patwardhan dynasty was an Indian dynasty established by the Chitpavan Brahmin Patwardhan family, ruling several parts of the Maratha Empire from 1733 till 1948, when it acceded to the Dominion of India.
At its peak, various branches of the dynasty controlled several Jagirs within the Maratha Empire, and later became protectorate Princely states in British India.
The Patwardhan family were of the Chitpavan Brahmin caste, originally from the village of Kotawde in Ratnagiri, in the state of Maharashtra.
The patriarch of the family, Haribhat, was the family priest for another Chitpavan Brahmin family, the Joshi family, who served as the Chiefs of Ichalkaranji.
They were each rewarded for their efforts with a Jagir, together covering all the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna Rivers.
Although significantly reduced in size, their Jagirs were later to be raised to the status of Princely state under the British Raj, and the Rajas of Jamkhandi, Kurundwad, Miraj and Sangli were all lineal descendants of these Patwardhan brothers.
After the Treaty of Salbai aligned the Marathi with the British, the three Patwardhan chiefs lent their armies in the British campaign against Tipu Sultan.
This state became a British protectorate on 5 May 1819, and gained seniority when a junior branch split on 5 April 1854, forming the Kurundvad Junior State.
This branch was established in 1854, after Trimbakrao of Kurundvad Junior and Vinayakrao of Kurundvad Junior spilt from the senior branch.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
Founded at the end of sixties, RK Komovi played first official games in Montenegrin Republic League, which was the third-tier competition in SFR Yugoslavia.
An ephemeral acid saline lake is a lake that is relatively high in dissolved salts and has a low pH, usually within the range of <1 - 5 and does not have standing water year round.
These types of lakes are identified by high concentrations of evaporite minerals, notably halite, gypsum, and various iron oxides allowing the lakes to become hypersaline.
Due to the low acidity and high salinity, as well as the periodic total evaporation of the lakes, the waters are generally uninhabitable to life larger than microbes.
The microscopic organisms that do live there possess a startling array of biodiversity, spanning from halophilic bacteria and archaea to acidophilic fungi.
Because of the unusual ability for life to survive in such a harsh environment, acid saline lakes have recently been studied for their relevance to the field of astrobiology.
Acid saline lake systems are considered a rarity within the natural world, and the highest concentration of acid saline lakes occur in Western Australia.
They form most favorably under semi-arid to arid conditions and have been closely connected to stable interior cratons and closed paleodrainage basins, allowing groundwaters to evaporate to the extreme salinity and acidity values present today.
Unlike most natural acid saline systems, these lakes are unusual in that they are neither volcanically or hydrothermally fed and are not in direct contact with large sulfide deposits yet have brines with pH that can reach <1.
The extreme acidity and salinity of these lakes are largely influenced by geological, climatic, and geographical conditions that have developed over the past 2 million years.
These ancient rocks were formed by closed basins via fault block valleys and have been incised by paleodrainage in the Eocene epoch.
The Archean complexes are highly weathered and deformed, and are economic sources of aluminium and nickel, along with other minor metals.
As the craton is tectonically inactive and hasn’t dropped below sea level since the Mesozoic, it has resulted in sparse zones of sedimentary rock layers such as lignite, siltstones, sandstones, and marine limestones.
These deposits are primarily thought to have been deposited during the last two marine transgressions of the Tertiary, which allowed some of the incised valleys to be filled with seawater and other marine sediments.
Paleodrainage from rivers ended in the lake Eocene and the Darling Range uplift successfully dammed river flow and created isolated lake basins.
Because of the varied terrain, lakes can be hosted directly on basement Archean rocks while others reside on weathered regolith, Tertiary sandstones and limestones.
As such, the varying geochemistry’s of the lakes are in part attributed to the different water rock interactions due to varying host rock.
The dry season falls primarily during the winter months (June – August) and the wet season is during the summer months (December – March).
Conversely, during the dry months as evapoconcentration dominates and the lakes experience an increase in acidity (median = 4.4) and salinity.
Geochemically, the average pH range of the lakes are from >1 to 5 and the average salinity is >25%, nearly 8 times that of seawater.
Most of the Western Australian waters are sodium chloride (NaCl) brines with varying, but regionally excessive, amounts of calcium, potassium, aluminium, iron, bromine and silicon (Ca, K, Al, Fe, Br, and Si).
Most of the ions within the waters are Na and Cl (~88%) but can vary from 60% - 98% in some lakes.
Many elemental components within the lake systems are made up of ions that are usually only found in trace amounts in other natural lakes.
The amount of Fe in the waters has a positive correlation with salinity, with the higher the salinity of the water the higher Fe value is present.
Even more different than usual brines, in acid saline systems the amount of Al is magnitudes higher than that of Ca.
Some of the most concentrated Al is at 8000mg/L, which is much higher than that of acid mine waters or seawaters.
Less common trace ions include zinc, nickel, molybdenum and cobalt (Zn, Ni, Mo, and Co) in detectable amounts, and show a positive correlation with increasing acidity and salinity.
High elevations of metallic ions and other trace elements are in most acidic of solutions represent the influence water-rock interactions play in the formation of these brines.
Lakes that are much farther away with slow groundwater flow are thought to be influenced predominately by the oxidation of the organic and sulfide materials hosted in the Archean basement rocks and coal deposits.
They most likely form from direct precipitation from the acid lake waters, direct precipitation from shallow groundwaters to make cements, and alteration of feldspars and amphiboles.
The stability of the minerals are predominately controlled by pH and cation availability, and where kaolinite is typically most stable at neutral pH's in others waters, the positive function of Al and Si ions to increasing acidity allow kaolinite to precipitate at pH extremes.
These clays play an interesting role in the lakes geochemistries and have been studied to better understand how acid saline lakes could be a useful planetary analogue for Mars.
While acid saline saline systems such as those in Western Australia are unusual on Earth, there have been similar sedimentary records found within the Mawrth Vallis and Nili Fossae regions of Mars.
Additionally, clay minerals have been detected in these regions on Mars, which would indicate that large reservoirs of water had to exist for their formation.
The existence of jarosite, alunite, acid-tolerant kaolin groups, and chlorides on Mars indicate that these areas could share some characteristics of the Western Australian lakes.
While organics are not well preserved within the clays of the lake system, they do record D values for formational waters that can shed light on potential habitable conditions.
Born in Dessau, Schmidt studied musicology from 1963 at the University of Hamburg, as well as in Tübingen, Paris, Göttingen and Berlin.
A further focus of his work, besides the music history of the 19th and 20th centuries, is the work of Johannes Brahms.
The Nottingham Hosiery Finishers' Association (NHFA) was a trade union representing workers involved in trimming and putting together hosiery in the Nottingham area of England.
The union was founded in 1921, when the Basford and District Hosiery Trimmers' and Finishers' Society, representing mostly better-paid men in the industry, merged with the Basford and District Bleaching, Dyeing, Scouring and Trimming Auxiliary Trades Association, which represented mostly lower-paid women.
As the largest of many local unions of hosiery finishers, the union played a leading role in the National Federation of Hosiery Dyers and Finishers.
Jack Charlesworth, president of the union from 1934, left in 1942, but was overwhelmingly elected as general secretary in 1947, taking 1,007 votes to his nearest rival's 124.
As a result, in October 1969, the union merged into the larger National Union of Hosiery and Knitwear Workers, becoming its Nottingham (Finishers) District.
Jenkins took lessons at the Aberystwyth Art School during 1912 and 1913 and, in 1916, spent six weeks at the Stanhope Forbes school in Newlyn.
In 1927, Jenkins took the post of botanical artist with Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales, AC-NMW, and held that position until 1959.
Jenkins was a member of the South Wales Art Society and her work featured in the 1955 touring exhibition of contemporary Welsh painting and sculpture organised by the Arts Council of Wales.
Examples of her work are held by the Contemporary Art Society of Wales and by AC-NMW at the National Museum Cardiff.
Sint Maartener clubs have participated in competitive CONCACAF soccer competitions since at least 2017 when Flames United entered the 2017 CFU Club Championship.
No Sint Maartener team has won any CONCACAF competition, or won a single game in the competition, and Sint Maartener clubs have infrequently participated in CONCACAF tournaments due to logistical issues.
Since 2018, the winner of the SMSA Senior League, the top tier of football on the island qualifies for the Caribbean Club Shield, a tertiary knockout tournament for developing Caribbean football nations.
Should a team finish in the top six standings of the CONCACAF League, they qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League, which is played the following winter.
In order for a Sint Maartener team to reach the Champions League, they would need to win the Caribbean Club Shield and then earn a top six finish in the CONCACAF League.
The Division Excellence was a series between clubs in Sint Maarten, Saint-Martin, the northern French territory half of the island, and the nearby island of Saint-Barthélemy.
In a Special Place – The Piano Demos for This Is the Sea is a compilation album by British-Irish folk rock band The Waterboys.
There are actually two concert halls; the smaller was erected during the Meiji era, and the bigger was first built in the Taishō era.
On April 19, 1987, three people were trampled to death as the audience rushed to the stage at the beginning of a concert by Laughin' Nose.
Elephant Kashimashi first performed at Hibiya Open-Air Concert Hall in 1990, and it has become a tradition with them performing at the venue every year since.
Harris competed at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished 25th with a score of 2187 points.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
The proposed name for this station, Kuloloia (also Kuloloio), is an ancient place name and refers to a sandy beach on the shore of Kou, a favored residence of the chieftess Nāmahana.
In the 1870s the navy in the Dutch East Indies consisted of an auxiliary squadron of four ships from the Netherlands, and the colonial navy of 22 ships.
From the introduction of screw propulsion up to the 1870s almost 20 small wooden steam screws ships were built for the Indische Militaire Marine.
The wooden screw ships tended to decay quickly, and so the Dutch navy began to look into the possibilities of composite built ships.
In early 1870 the department of the Indische Militaire Marine in Batavia asked the Dutch Navy in The Hague to immediately start the construction of four screw steamships fourth class.
The reason was that a number of these vessels present in the Indies would soon have to be decommissioned because of their condition and advanced age.
The department in Batavia was confident that the Dutch shipyards knew how to construct these vessels, and had only determined that the vessels should be made of Teak from Java, and should be 4 meters longer than the previous ships in order to have more room for storage, and to be able to load more coal.
The problem in the Netherlands was that just at that time, the navy wanted to switch to composite built ships, and so designing these ships took a whole lot more time.
The main defect of the screw steamships preceding the Riouw class was their very short lifespan when used in the tropics.
This gave the oak wood used in the construction of ships the time to become even more resistant to the rot and decay brought on by maritime use.
However, in the age of steam most wooden screw ships faced three problems: The first problem was that the builders were not allowed to take so much construction time when technology was advancing so quickly.
The heat and humidity of the engines inside the ship harbored vermin, especially white ants (as termites were called at the time).
Wooden screw steam ships in the tropics were therefore vulnerable to shipworms on the outside and extra vulnerable to termites and dry rot on the inside.
The frame/structure was made of wrought iron and gave the composite ship the rigidity that was so essential for the free movement of the screw axle.
The wooden planking / hull of the ship allowed the attachment of copper sheathing that kept the barnacle and other pests from attaching themselves to the ship, and kept the shipworm out.
Because of the many wooden parts (decks, internal walls) still used in the composite ship, it was not free from these plagues, but it was less vulnerable.
The depth of hold (from the upper deck to the upper surface of the keel) was 4 m, and gives an idea of the rather cramped conditions on board.
The displacement was almost 20% more, while the number of crew stayed the same, and so the class had a bigger capacity for cargo or living conditions.
In May 1873 a budget law was proposed to increase the East Indies budget, so the Aceh War could be continued.
Naval officers and ship building engineers were said to agree that the improved screw steam ships fourth class were an excellent type of ship for the tasks of the Dutch Colonial Navy.
As regards spaciousness and ventilation they did not suffer from the defects of the old steam ships fourth class, and offered the officers and men lodgings suitable to the Indian climate.
With respect to the duration of the service of these ships, one of course has to consider that actual service will wear out ships sooner than laying in port.
However, the average duration of the service of the Riouw class is indeed significantly much lower than that of the succeeding Pontianak class.
Cyril Ross Grayson, Jr (born December 5, 1993) is an American football wide receiver for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).
He did not play football at college, due to NCAA rules which prohibited him from doing so due to his track career.
After not playing college football, he attended a pro day organized by LSU, and he signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent on April 10, 2017.
He was waived on September 2, 2017 and was signed to the practice squad the next day, only to be released five days later.
A. Chanslor was an oil tanker built in 1910 which was wrecked off of Cape Blanco, Oregon, on 18 December 1919, with only three survivors of the 38 crew.
A. Chanslor, who, with Charles A. Canfield, formed the Chanslor-Canfield Midway Oil Company, which began drilling operations in the Midway oil field in late 1901.
Early on Thursday night, 18 December 1919, while en route from Portland, Oregon, to San Francisco, the ship struck rocks off of Cape Blanco, on the southern Oregon coast, in dense fog and sank.
On course at noon, a strong cross-current swept the steamer out of her plot, unknown to her crew, and in the poor visibility, the jagged rocks were not observed until it was too late, according to a statement made by her captain, recovering in hospital in Bandon.
Fifteen men of the 36 crew escaped the foundering vessel in a single lifeboat but only three made it ashore alive.
The life boat drifted north during Thursday night and Friday to a point 30 miles north of Cape Blanco, and about four miles north of Bandon, but overturned in the surf while attempting to reach shore.
A representative of the Associated Oil Company was expected at Marshfield, Oregon, on 22 December to make arrangements for sending the bodies to the San Francisco Company headquarters.
Captain Johnson, of the U. S. Coast Guard, inspected the wrecked vessel on Sunday 21 December, and hoped a diver could approach the site as conditions improved and became the most favorable since the ship struck the rocks.
Efforts were made on 23–24 December to reach the sunken vessel to recover the bodies, but little hope was given that this would succeed.
Walter Vaughan (died 1598), of Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire, was a Member of Parliament for Carmarthenshire in 1572 and 1593, and Mayor of Carmarthen 1574, 1580 and 1597.
Carolynne Snowden (sometimes billed as Caroline Snowden) was an American actress, dancer, and singer who broke new ground for black people working in the entertainment industry.
Carolynne left Hollywood around 1933 after her Tiffany contract was up, taking her show on the road and refocusing her efforts on singing and dancing.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
She represented Poland at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she competed in both the women's discus throw F41 and women's shot put F40 events.
She qualified to represent Poland at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the women's shot put F40 event after setting a new world record in the women's discus throw F41 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
The quotes and trades are primarily defined according to two feeds, the UTP Quotation Data Feed (UQDF) and the UTP Trade Data Feed (UTDF).
The Consolidated Tape Association distributes trades and quotes across the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) and the Consolidated Quote System (CQS) feeds.
She continued her painting and In 1912 she joined an exhibition with Herminio Blotta, Alfredo Guido, Manuel Musto, César Caggiano, Gustavo Cochet.
The Uruguayan writer, Horacio Quiroga, led the Anaconda group and Bertole became a member together with Ana Weiss de Rossi, Amparo de Hieken, Ricardo Hicken, Berta Singerman and Alfonsina Storni.
Barbara Wolfgang-Krenn, also known as Barbara Krenn (born 19 December 1969 in Bad Aussee; died 3 April 2019 in Vienna), was an Austrian entrepreneur and politician of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP).
As an entrepreneur, she was promoted to the position of the head of the Styrian innkeeper's department in the Styrian Chamber of Commerce.
At the same time, she was active in the community, where she joined the local council in 1995, took over the function of head of tourism in 1998, and held the office of mayor of Pürgg-Trautenfels from 2007 to 2014.
After an unsuccessful surgery in 2014, she became paraplegic and thus resigned from all functions, selling the inn to Dietrich Mateschitz.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
She was a member of parliament representing the Central Region and Western Region from 1960 to 1965 and the member of parliament for the Gomoa constituency from 1965 to 1966.
Ayensu was among the first women to enter the parliament of Ghana in 1960 under the representation of the people (women members) act.
Ayensu volunteered for several organizations including serving as first woman President for the Sekondi/Takoradi Consumers' Cooperative Society in 1945 and patron of the Sekondi/Takoradi branch of the National Youth League in the early 1950s.
That same year, she received a certificate of honour and a badge from the Department of Social Welfare for her voluntary services in Sekondi/Takoradi Municipality.
She was also the second Vice President of the National Federation of Ghana Women and the President of the federation for the Sekondi/Takoradi District.
On 27th June 1960 she was elected as a member of parliament as the first member for the Central Region and Western Region.
Adam Boehler is an American businessman and government official who currently serves as the first CEO of the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC).
He previously served as Director of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI), as well as Senior Advisor for Value-based Transformation for Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar and Deputy Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
Boehler started his career at Battery Ventures, a technology venture capital firm that focuses on investments in software and emerging technologies.
Boehler was also an Operating Partner at Francisco Partners, a global private equity firm with a focus on healthcare technology and services.
Prior to joining CMS, Boehler was founder and CEO of Landmark Health, a risk-based medical group that provides home-based medical care.
Boehler was appointed Director of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) at the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in April 2018.
As Director of the Center, Boehler was responsible for the Center’s work on new health care payment and service delivery models.
While at HHS, Boehler also served as Senior Advisor for Value-based Transformation Secretary Alex Azar and Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
On July 10, 2019, President Donald J. Trump nominated Boehler for the position of CEO as the newly-formed U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC).
The BUILD Act consolidates the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and the Development Credit Authority (DCA) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) into DFC, a modernized agency with a more than doubled investment cap of $60 billion and new financial tools to more effectively mobilize private capital.
DFC was created with the intent to help advance U.S. foreign policy by countering the growing influence that authoritarian regimes, namely China and Russia, are gaining through project finance in developing nations.
The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the twelve rail stations on the eastern end of the rail system (stations in the Airport and City Center segments) in April 2019.
Rodríguez Reyes, the third-place bidder, had signed up to be eligible to win stations if other bidders were disqualified and came away with the La Piedad station for 9.5 million pesos.
This is a list of all-time Grand Prix motorcycle racing (50cc/80cc, 125cc/Moto3, 250cc/Moto2, 350cc, 500cc/MotoGP, Formula 750 classes) rider records, since 1949.
Riders are considered to be entered into a race if they attempt to compete in at least one official practice session with the intent of entering the race.
A rider is considered to have started a race if they line up on the grid or at the pitlane exit for the start of the race.
If a race is stopped and restarted, participation in any portion of the race is counted, but only if that portion was in any way counted towards the final classification.
Throughout the history of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing World Championship, the points-scoring positions and the number of points awarded to each position have varied – see the List of FIM World Championship points scoring systems for details.
The line was abandoned later since Gandhidham - Bhuj section got converted to broad gauge and this 101.24 km line became isolated.
Recently gauge conversion to broad gauge has been approved by the Government of India in June 2016, so that it can be used for public, military or freight purpose.
In 2018 the railway section between Bhuj and Deshalpur village (28 km) was commissioned, remaining under gauge conversion Deshalpur – Naliya section (74 km).
Bhuj – Naliya railway line is classified as being of strategic importance, because of its proximity to the border with Pakistan and Naliya Air Force Station.
Lubna Saleem Pervez is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Islamabad High Court (IHC) since 13 December 2019.
On 11 November 2019, the law ministry sent her nomination to Judicial Commission of Pakistan (JCP) headed by then Chief Justice of Pakistan, Asif Saeed Khosa.
The Islamabad High Court Bar Association protested against her nomination stating that she being from the Sindh province, her nomination infringed upon the rights of local lawyers.
Richard Warnecombe or Warmecombe (by 1494–1547), of Ivington, Lugwardine and Hereford was a Member of Parliament for Hereford in 1529 and 1542 and Mayor of Hereford 1525-6 and 1540-1.
The Al-Qazwini family of Iraq are a Shia family who have rose to great prominence in regards to American and Iraqi Shia scholarship.
Members of the family are notable for being the Ayatollah's of Karbala, Iraq, the leaders of the Islamic Center of America and prominent Shia scholars.
With the advent of the despotic Ba'athist regime in the late 1960s and early 1970s, The Al-Qazwini family and other Shia scholars and clerics increased efforts to educate the masses to combat the regime.
Ayatollah Sayid Mortadha al-Qazwini was among the leading scholars in spreading the word of Islam in Iraq and engaging in Islamic activism, helping to establish several Islamic schools and institutions, and serving as the principal of Imam Assadiq Islamic School in Karbala.
In 1980, Sayid Mortadha al-Qazwi's father, Grand Ayatollah Sayid Mohammad Sadiq al-Qazwini, was arrested and imprisoned by Saddam Hussein because he did not support the Baathist regime.
Since then, the al-Qazwini family never heard from him, and it was not until a few weeks after the collapse of Saddam's regime that they found documents verifying his death in Saddam's prisons.
Ayatollah Sayed Mortada Al-Qazwini, born in 1931, the son of Sayid Mohammed Al-Qazwini, the founder of the Imam Al-Sadiq School, a professor in Shaheed Motahari University in Tehranan and an Iraqi Grand Ayatollah.
Sayed Hassan Al-Qazwini, born in 1964, the son of Sayed Mortada Al-Qazwini and the leader of the Islamic Institute of America in Dearborn Heights, Michigan.
Sayed Moustafa Al-Qazwini, born in 1961, the son of Sayed Mortada Al-Qazwini and the founder and director of the Islamic Cultural Center of San Diego, California.
Bradley was a member of the American Medical Association, the Knights Templar, the Shriners, the Knights of Pythias, and the Maccabees.
The 1984–85 season was Atlético Madrid's 44th season since foundation in 1903 and the club's 38th season in La Liga, the top league of Spanish football.
The 2020 Inter-Provincial Championship, known for sponsorship reasons as the Test Triangle Inter-Provincial Championship, will be the eighth edition of the Inter-Provincial Championship, a first-class cricket competition that is played in Ireland.
Alex Brown (born August 30, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL).
Brown was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent on May 15, 2019 after participating in a rookie minicamp.
Brown was claimed off waivers by the Philadelphia Eagles, but was waived by the team two weeks later on August 4, 2019.
Wolf attended Chaparral High School, where he played on the Firebirds alongside among others future major leaguer and fellow outfielder Dylan Cozens, as the team won the Division I Arizona state title.
In 2016, he hit .408/.508/.741 with 60 runs, 28 doubles (leading the NCAA, and establishing new Trinity and SCAC single-season records), 149 total bases (third in the nation), 11 home runs, and 70 RBIs (4th in the nation).
He was named All-American First Team of both the American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA) and D3baseball.com, was named the West Region Player of the Year by the ABCA and D3baseball.com, and was named Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference Player of the Year.
In his college career Wolf hit a combined .367/.455/.577 with 146 runs, 72 doubles (a Trinity record), and 172 RBIs in 679 at bats over 189 games.
In the summer of 2014 he played for the Petersburg Generals of the Coastal Plain League, a collegiate summer baseball league.
In the summer of 2015 he played left field for the Newport Gulls of the New England Collegiate Baseball League, a collegiate summer baseball league.
In 2017, Wolf played primarily left field and right field for the Brooklyn Cyclones of the Class A Short Season New York–Penn League.
He played in the Confederation of European Baseball’s 2019 European Baseball Championship - B-Pool in early July 2019 in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, as it won all of its games and advanced to the playoffs against Team Lithuania in the 2019 Playoff Series at the end of July 2019 for the last qualifying spot for the 2019 European Baseball Championship.
He also played for the team at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament in Italy in September 2019, which Israel won to qualify to play baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Currently he coaches baseball part-time and servers as executive director of More Than Baseball, a nonprofit organization that focuses primarily on serving minor-league athletes.
The 2020 Inter-Provincial Cup will be the eighth edition of the Inter-Provincial Cup, a List A cricket competition for teams from Ireland.
The first half is scheduled to be played in June, and the second half is scheduled to be played in August.
Marc-Solime René Cardinal (born April 25, 1815 in Saint-Constant, died February 2, 1897 in La Prairie) was a French Canadian politician who served as the mayor of Saint-Constant, Quebec.
He was the maternal grandfather of Charles-Émile Trudeau, who's son and grandson, Pierre and Justin respectively, both served as the Prime Minister of Canada.
Lazarus hails from Abia State in Nigeria, a southeastern geographical location of Nigeria predominantly occupied by the Igbo people of Nigeria.
Lazarus is specifically from Ukwa East Local Government Area of Abia State and was born into a family of nine consisting of a mother, a father and six siblings of which she is a twin and one of the last born children of the family alongside her twin brother named Joseph.
She was accepted and granted admission to study Geography in the institution where she eventually graduated with a 4.4 cumulative grade point average with a B.Sc.
Lazarus, in an interview with the Vanguard print media named Nollywood veteran actresses Omotola Jalade Ekeinde and Joke Silva as her role models in the Nigerian movie industry.
Lazarus in another interview with The Punch print media named American actress Kimberly Elise as one who she admires because of her extensive body of work.
Lazarus comes from a family of nine and is one of the last born children of her parents alongside her twin brother.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
Ruth Noël Robb (born Barrow on 25 December 1913 - January 2009) was a South African activist and member of the Black Sash.
She graduated from Bedford College in 1935 or 1936 and after college, got a job working in Cape Town at St. Cyprians School.
She married Francis Charles Robb in December of 1939 and he wanted her to stay at home and raise children, which she did.
Robb was one of the original founding members of Black Sash, starting in 1955 when it was still called The Women's Defence of the Constitution League.
This office helped black women deal with legal issues created by apartheid, as well as other types of problems they may have faced.
After the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, Robb and other women brought supplies to people in the area and also helped people visit loved ones in prison.
From 2004 to 2008, she worked as a project manager in event management as well as in market and opinion research.
From June 2008 until her entry into the Bundestag, she was employed in the Regional Office South of the parliamentary group Die Linke in the German Bundestag.
Gohlke first joined politics in 1991 in the movement against both the Gulf War and the racist pogroms in the 1990s.
She became a member of the coordination group of Attac Munich, to which she belonged until 2003, and took part in the protests against the World Economic Summit in Genoa in the summer of 2001.
After the fusion of the party with the PDS, she was a member of the Bavarian state executive committee of The Left from 2007 to 2014.
In autumn 2008, Gohlke stood for election as a direct candidate in the Munich-Bogenhausen constituency in the Bavarian state election and won 5.2% of the first votes.
In the 2009 federal election, she received 5.9% of the votes as a direct candidate in the Munich-East constituency, and entered the German Bundestag for the first time as a member of parliament via the state list of The Left.
She was re-elected, is a member of the Committee for Education, Research and Technology Assessment, and is the spokesperson for higher education and science policy of The Left in the Bundestag.
She is also a member of the Advisory Board of the Studentenwerk and the Parliamentary Advisory Board of the Fernuniversität in Hagen, of the Förderkreis demokratische Volks- und Hochschulbildung, and of the Kurt-Eisner-Verein in Bavaria.
As a spokeswoman on higher education policy for her parliamentary group and a member of the Education Committee of the German Bundestag, she advocates improvements in study conditions.
The increased burdens on student's time in the Bachelor's program new 3-year degrees limited the possibility for students to finance their studies through work, which would be aggravated by tuition fees.
A unanimous decision by the Left parliamentary group against the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign in 2011 only came about because Gohlke and 14 other members stayed away from the vote.
Gohlke's parliamentary colleague Jan van Aken described the suspension as absurd and showed a picture of the PKK flag, for which he received a call for order.
Gohlke was, until 2015, the last member of the Bundestag to be observed by the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
According to the Taz, she was suspicious because of her membership in the post-Trotskyist network Marx21, an antifa emblem, and her involvement in extra-parliamentary opposition groups.
He commanded the light cruiser in 1936–1939, then commanded the aircraft carrier in 1939–1940 before becoming Chief of Staff for the Commander-in-Chief, China, in 1940–1941.
William Gower (born c. 1662), of Ludlow, Shropshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Ludlow March 1690–22 December 1690, 1698–1 March 1699, February–November 1701.
Igor Pavlovich Shaskol'Skii (1918–1995) was a Russian medievalist and economic historian who was a specialist in Russian relations and trade with the Baltic provinces and Scandinavia in the medieval and early-modern periods.
He was a part-time lecturer at Saint Petersburg University and a corresponding member of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History and its predecessors.
He challenged the established Soviet positions on the origins of the Rus' and trade through the Baltic, and was instrumental in the wider dissemination of primary source material.
In 1941–42 he was present during the siege of Leningrad by the Germans during the Second World War and helped to build defensive structures.
In 1947 he produced a thesis for LSU on the struggle of Novgorod with Sweden and Norway in the 13th century.
At the end of the 1940s, Shaskol'skii was teaching at a Communist Party school and working for a Karelian-Finnish branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Petrozavodsk, after which he worked at the State Museum of the History of Religion in Saint Petersburg.
From 1956 to 1995 he worked at the Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg and was a part-time lecturer at Saint Petersburg University (LSU) from 1951 to 1986.
In 1965 he defended his doctoral thesis before the Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg on the subject of the 1617 Treaty of Stolbovo and trade relations between Russia and the Swedish state in the first half of the 17th century.
Shaskol'Skii specialised in the history of Russian relations and trade with the Baltic and Scandinavia in the medieval and early-modern periods, particularly trade and diplomatic relations with Sweden.
He also addressed the Normanist theory that proposed that the origins of the Rus' were Norman, and therefore Scandinavian, taking a nuanced position that broadly accepted the anti-Normanism endorsed by Soviet historiography but also acknowledged that there was primary evidence for parts of the Normanist position.
He was instrumental in the wider dissemination of primary source material from archives through his work on editorial boards and wrote many articles that made extensive use of primary sources.
In the book he showed that the accepted Soviet position that the trade went mainly through Arkhangelsk on the northern coast, due to the blocking effect of the Swedish Baltic provinces, was wrong and in fact Russian trade in the Baltic was strong.
In 2018, a collection of essays on Saint Petersburg and Sweden in the 17th and 18th centuries, edited by P. V. Sedov, was published in Saint Petersburg to mark the 100th anniversary of Shaskol'skii's birth.
It was formed as a joint venture of the Belgian bus builder Van Hool and Irish coachbuilder Thomas McArdle of Dundalk to take over the bus building activities of CIÉ, principally the factory at Spa Road, Dublin.
The closure of the Van Hool McArdle in 1978 left the Republic of Ireland without a bus manufacturer for several years until the creation of Shannon-based GAC Ireland.
President George W. Bush nominated Irving on September 16, 2008, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Mary Ann Gooden Terrell.
On November 20, 2008, the Committee reported his nomination favorably to the senate floor and later that day, the full Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote.
Spherical chess refers to a group of chess variants played on boards composed of fields arranged on the surface of a sphere.
The fields of the board form eight rings around the sphere each consisting of eight squares and with the fields touching the poles degenerated into spherical triangles.
This variant is played on a board obtained by drawing two sets of circles with orthogonal axes of rotation on the sphere.
Each player has a standard set of king, queen, bishop, knight and rook arranged in a square pattern surrounding a central empty square.
Pawns move one field orthogonally away from their initial position with the exception of the four pawns at the four corners of the setup, which have two possible directions.
He has played final of 2017 Independence Cup, 2017 Federation Cup & 2019 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup with Chittagong Abahani but lost all of them.
He played as second choice keeper of the club in 2017-18 season but started almost all the games in 2018-19 season as Ashraful Islam Rana left the club.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
He commanded the heavy cruiser in 1938–1940 and then served as chief of staff to the Flag Officer-in-charge, Greenock in 1940–1942.
John Leonard Badalamenti is a Florida judge and is a nominee to be a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.
Badalamenti received a Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors, a Master of Arts, and a Juris Doctor, with honors, from the University of Florida.
He began his career as a U.S. Department of Justice Honors Attorney, serving as an attorney-advisor at the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
He then clerked for Judges Frank M. Hull and Paul H. Roney of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Prior to his appointment by Governor Rick Scott to the Florida Second District Court of Appeal in 2015, he served for nearly a decade as an Assistant Federal Public Defender in the Middle District of Florida.
On December 23, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Badalamenti to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.
President Trump will nominate Badalamenti to the seat vacated by Judge Elizabeth A. Kovachevich, who took senior status on December 14, 2018.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
He led a group of 13 students from Siberia, who began as a 'commune' - a cultural club offering mutual help and a library - and evolved into a political organization advocating Siberian independence.
A portrait of Nikolay Chernyshevsky, whom they regarded as an honorary Siberian because he was in exile there, hung at their meetings.
In 1869, Sergey Nechayev made contact with the group during a short visit to St. Petersburg, and recruited one of its members, Pyotr Toporkov, to his conspiratorial Russian Revolutionary Society.
In January 1870, Dolgushin and other members of the group were arrested, but after a year and a half in prison, they were acquitted in August 1871 for lack of evidence.
By autumn 1872, Dolgushin – married with an infant son – had formed a new student circle, the Group of Twenty-Two, who planned to foment a peasant rebellion by promising to free them from debt, redistribute land, end military conscription, abolish the internal passport system and set up village schools.
In March 1873, they moved to Moscow, then to a small house near the city, where they set up a printing press and began handing their books and pamphlets out to the peasants, who were astonished to be offered them free.
As retribution, members of the group were confined in Kharkov Prison, instead of Siberia, in such harsh conditions that one of their numbers, a schoolteacher named Dmitri Gamov, went insane and died in the prison hospital.
One of his fellow prisoners there, Sofya Bogomolets, was insulted by a guard on the same day that Dolgushin was denied a visit by his son.
While in Kara, he helped fellow revolutionary Ippolit Myshkin to escape, for which he was transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress.
It changed when Cinemart took over US partners of Bontonfilm becoming one of largest film distribution companies in the Czech Republic.
Osteen practices both as a volunteer surgeon in remote parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and as an advocate for humanitarian action by US physicians to under-served and desperate areas specifically in Africa.
After high school, Osteen attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and graduated first in his medical school class in 1982.
Osteen stayed at the successful practice for nearly 20 years before transitioning back to his home in Houston to help his brother Joel take over as pastor of Lakewood.
After a medical mission trip in 2005, Osteen felt compelled to use his trained surgery skills to help others who lack access to medical care.
Osteen founded a national conference for Christians in medical missions hosted annually, serves in Africa for 4–5 months a year, as well as still actively speaking at Lakewood during mid-week services.
Bartholomew Tookie (c. 1568 – 1635), of Salisbury, Wiltshire, was a Member of Parliament for Salisbury in 1621 and Mayor of Salisbury in 1610.
Jean-Pierre Esteva (14 September 1880 – 11 January 1951) was a French naval officer who served in First and Second World Wars.
Assigned to the Mediterranean squadron, he took part, among other operations, in the Battle of the Dardanelles on the occasion of which he particularly distinguished himself.
In 1920, he was a professor at the in Toulon, in 1927, captain, Esteva decided to follow a pioneering path in the nascent naval aviation, an original choice for an officer of this rank.
Promoted Rear Admiral in 1929, he was Director of Maritime Aviation, then Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in 1930 before becoming Vice Admiral in 1935.
His stay in the Pacific led him to regularly visit the British bases of Hong Kong and Singapore as well as to fully appreciate the rise in power of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
On his return to Metropolitan France, his versatility and his skills made him the ideal to occupy the function of inspector of the maritime forces.
The November 9, 1942, he began by condemning the arrival on the ground of El Aouina of Luftwaffe aircraft sent on the spot by Field Marshal Albert Kesselring.
But very quickly, out of loyalty to Pétain and under pressure from Pierre Laval's instructions, Esteva was forced to change position.
In the process, he neutralized Admiral Derrien who had encouraged his troops to join the Allies in order to fight against the Axis.
The admiral was evacuated on May 7 by plane and at the same time as the consul general of the Third Reich in Tunisia.
In Paris, he was taken to the Ritz (then partly occupied by the Luftwaffe) in order to be put there under house arrest while waiting for the German authorities to rule on his fate.
Finally released on May 18, he arrived at Vichy where he was warmly welcomed and congratulated by Pétain for his loyalty to the orders received.
In North Africa, however, a War Council, chaired by General Henri Giraud on May 15, sentences Esteva to the death penalty in absentia.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
She then moved to Chicago, where she worked for a time as a ballet dancer with the Chicago Civic Opera Company before becoming a freelance illustrator.
Saunders, who was based in Toledo, Ohio, would work with Ernst, who was based in California who would then ship the strips to Belew in Chicago for lettering.
Dell's earliest paperbacks featured a map on the back cover depicting some element of the book, whether it was a city block, and apartment, or a cattle trail in the old west.
In his catalog-index of Dell paperbacks, William Lyles theorizes that Ruth Belew drew nearly all of the more than 500 maps that appeared on the back of Dell paperbacks between 1942–1951, though because records of Dell's artists are scarce, he was only able to confirm that she had drawn around 150.
Clara Guthrie d’Arcis (22 February 1879, New Orleans – 12 May 1937, Geneva), was an American-born Swiss peace activist, feminist and international businesswoman.
She was a founder and president of World Union of Women for International Concord and honorary treasurer of the Peace and Disarmament Committee of the Women’s International Organizations.
Her father was a distinguished member of the Louisiana Bar and her grandfather, Judge Edwin T. Merrick, had served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana.
She then moved to Geneva and joined her husband in running a successful import business for American automobiles and other consumer goods.
In 1915 d’Arcis together with 36 other women from various countries founded World Union of Women for International Concord in Geneva.
The goal of the organization was to work on international concord and become a movement of women from all the countries for moral education based on individual discipline and commitment.
During World War I, d’Arcis was active in furthering industrial and economic relations between Switzerland and France and between Switzerland and the United States.
She also led fundraising efforts to provide food for child victims of the war in neutral Switzerland and was one of the founders of the International Union of the Save the Children Fund.
She led the committee’s fundraising efforts and in 1934 launched fundraising campaign urging American manufactures of consumer goods to recognize that peace time production was more profitable than manufacturing for wars.
She asserted that women had a special role to play in peace buildings, having maternal concern for the preservation of human life.
She argued that bankers and industrialists who funded wars and produced arms and war materials had to be re-educated to invest in consumer and other peacetime products.
The 1947 Bluefield Big Blue football team was an American football team that represented Bluefield State College during the 1947 college football season.
In its first and only season under head coach S. Walker, the team compiled a 3–6 record and outscored opponents by a total of 85 to 74.
João Dermival Brigatti (born 14 March 1964) is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and is the manager of Ponte Preta.
However, he never established himself as a regular starter at the club, and had subsequent spells at Bandeirante, America-SP, Rio Branco-SP, Desportiva, Remo, Santa Cruz and Caldense.
After working in the same role at Chunnam Dragons FC, he was appointed Mazola Júnior's assistant at Paysandu for the 2014 season.
Keith Harry Haines (born 19 December 1937) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City.
Each annual season of play is divided into two splits, spring and summer, both consisting of ten rounds of round-robin tournament play, which then conclude with play-off tournaments between the top three teams.
The matches have been held since 2015 at Riot studios in São Paulo and broadcast via livestream, without an audience, except for the grand final, held in arenas like Allianz Parque, and are attended by narrators, commentators, analysts and presenters.
In addition to full broadcasting on official YouTube channels, Twitch, and since 2017 CBLoL has also been playing live games on SporTV, with the same coverage as Riot.
The tournament has been organized since 2012, shortly after the debut of the Brazilian server, with professionalism still incipient, when it was held in just three days.
In 2014, the first league championship was held: the Brazilian League - Champions Series, and in the same year the precedent of two annual competitions was inaugurated, with the holding of the Brazilian Regional Final.
Also in 2015 the league format with stable members was adopted, but subject to lowering and promotion of the worst placed to benefit the best of the Challenging Circuit.
Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus Fidenas was political figure and military leader in the Roman Republic who served as dictator in 435 BC and in 418 BC.
Michael Alan Jones (born 4 December 1942) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
In 1882 Viligiardi took the courses at the Accademia di belle arti di Siena, where he studied under Luigi Mussini and Alessandro Franchi.
In 1884 his professor G. Bandini agreed to collaborate with him on paintings for Orvieto Cathedral and then further paintings on two rooms in prince D'Ambrò's villa in Naples.
He presented 39 different designs for the competition to design the facade of Arezzo Cathedral, but that competition was then cancelled - one of them was exhibited at the 1904 St Louis International Exhibition.
He next worked in Rome at San Clemente al Laterano and on Malta at San'Agostino Church, followed by a fresco in the apse of Santa Maria Assunta, the parish church in Allerona.
He also decorated the San Lorenzo chapel in Rome's San Paolo fuori le mura before painting frescoes for the same basilica's quadriportico.
In Florence he produced new canvases for the Cathedral to replace earlier ones which had deteriorated too badly to be restored and designed three new panels of scenes from the Book of Genesis to replace medieval ones which had collapsed from the mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery about a century earlier.
Benedict was one of the four canons of the old Basilica of St. Peter, who celebrated mass in the church; almost nothing is known about his life.
Ian William Hall (born 27 December 1939) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Derby County and Mansfield Town.
The Lac La Croix Indian Pony (LLCIP), also known as the Ojibwe pony (), is a semi-feral Canadian horse breed developed by the Ojibwe people.
The modern breed name derives from the Lac La Croix First Nation of Ontario, where the horses were last found in the wild.
Lac La Croix ponies were believed to be a landrace cross of Canadian horse and Spanish Colonial horse or Mustang breeding.
These original horses declined to the point that only four mares remained, at which time their bloodlines were crossed with Spanish Mustang stallions.
Blood-typing studies conducted by Gus Cothran at the University of Kentucky indicate that the ponies have British pony ancestry as well as some Iberian horse markers.
A 2011 study found they had the second-lowest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (2.83 and 4.01) among several breeds of pony breeds found in Canada.
A 2012 study of matrilineal genetics verified Canadian horse and British pony breed ancestry, with Iberian origins indicated but more difficult to verify on account of modern Spanish Mustang crossbreeding.
By 1900, the ponies were relatively plentiful, with an estimated population of a few thousand, found in many of the First Nation reserves in the area.
In the early 20th century, indigenous people were prohibited by the government from leaving their Reserves without a permit, and so taking away their horses further limited their movement.
The last population in the Unites States, located at the Bois Forte Indian Reservation in Minnesota, was killed off in the 1940s.
Missionaries at the reservation decided it was inappropriate for children to witness the sight of semi-feral horses in the act of mating.
By the 1960s, when someone accidentally shot a colt who was the last remaining male of breeding age, there were six horses left, including one elderly stallion that was unable to breed.
In 2012, scientists recommended a conservation strategy be developed for the Eriskay pony and the Lac La Croix, based upon the need to preserve their unique genetics.
The modern Lac La Croix Indian Pony is considered a spirit animal by the Ojibwe people and is used in programs promoting indigenous heritage.
During next months, Yahor was working on trance music: he made a dance version of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata and released Minsk (Redux Recordings) on 16 December.
In June 2018, Yahor graduated from the University of Glasgow with the degree in Politics and Central and East European Studies.
In autumn of the same year has embarked on the joint program in Central and Eastern European, Russian and Eurasian Studies at the universities of Glasgow, Tartu and Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
It was originally a terminus until opened to the north in 1882, at which point this station's name was changed to Killearn (Old).
To the southeast was a engine shed, to the east was the goods yard and shed and to the southeast was the signal box.
Richard Colman (c. 1633-72), of Lincoln's Inn and Melchet Park, Wiltshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Salisbury 8 February 1665 to 13 October 1672.
The 46th Signal Regiment () is a national support signals regiment of the Italian Army based in Palermo in Sicily and Nocera Inferiore in Campania.
Today the regiment is administratively assigned to the army's Signal Command and operates the army's signal network in most of Southern Italy and Sicily.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
Shawanga Lodge was a Catskills mountain hotel operated from 1923 to 1972, part of the Borscht Belt hotels located in Highview NY.
The cottages were built on cinder blocks above ground and had above ground piping and received chlorinated water from the lake.
The rooms in the cottages and newer Panorama and Holiday Inn (not the chain motel) buildings had air cooling and heat but were not connected to the main building.
It was too much risk for Abby Dan to run the hotel alone and in Sept of 1972 the hotel went bankrupt.
Construction of Catskill hotels in the days before sprinkler systems and modern heating systems consisted of may separate buildings build at a distance.
There were many guests who spent their entire summer at the hotel, this was common at the Catskills up until the end of the 70's.
Renato Baptista dos Santos, better known by the name Renato da Rocinha (Rio de Janeiro, September 21, 1978), is a Brazilian samba singer and songwriter.
Renato is born and raised in the Rocinha community of Rio de Janeiro, and frequents several samba wheels in the city as a child, alongside his father.
At 16, when she works as an assistant at a car dealership, she takes a radialism course, later helping as an audio operator or Rocinha community radio locator, Avelino da Silva.
On the radio, he was responsible for the program Papo de Samba, without qualifying several known sambistas in the carioca scenario.
In the year 2019, Renato released the album in honor of his 10 years of career, Renato da Rocinha 10 years (Live), which featured his main hits and several special appearances, such as Xande de Pilares, João Martins, Galocantô, Arlindinho.
Charles Pearson Govan (born 12 January 1943) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Thomas Blachman, Oh Land and Ankerstjerne returned as the judges and Sofie Linde Ingversen returned as the host for the 5th time.
Thomas Blachman returned for the 12th time as a judge and Oh Land and Ankerstjerne returned for the 2nd time as judges and Sofie Linde Ingversen returned as the host for the 5th time.
The 11-seat of the House of Assembly consist of seven members elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting, and four at-large members elected from the entire island by single non-transferable vote.
The ruling Anguilla United Front (which won six of the seven elected seats in 2015) nominated a full slate of eleven candidates in November 2019.
Batth will make his acting debut with self-produced biopic of the Indian boxer Kaur Singh, playing the lead role as Kaur Singh, in the film Padma Shri Kaur Singh.
Batth decided to produce this film after Indian actor Shah Rukh Khan came forward to help boxer during a medical emergency.
Released on December 20, 2019, it is available for free download on the musician's official website and for streaming in platforms such as Spotify and the iTunes Store.
The album and the trilogy it is part of as a whole were originally announced by Skylab on his official Facebook page on March 7, 2018.
In an August 2019 interview, the musician stated that the album was in post-production stage and originally slated for an early January 2020 release.
As was the case of its predecessor, Lívio Tragtenberg provided the pre-mixing and samples for the album, in his fifth collaboration overall with Skylab.
Célestin Bourragué (22 November 1886 – 21 March 1955) was a French naval officer who served in First and Second World Wars.
Son of a primary school inspector, he entered the (Naval School) in October 1902 and graduated as a 1st class in October 1905.
He then carried out his first campaign in the Far East (October 1905) aboard the armored cruiser then the protected cruiser before being appointed in October 1907, ensign and maneuver officer of the destroyer in March 1908 during operations on the coasts of Morocco (1908–1909).
In October 1909, he entered the (Torpedo School) in Toulon on the protected cruiser and was patented torpedo boat with congratulations from the Minister.
He was then assigned to the 2nd squadron of submarines at Bizerte and was responsible for may 1914 of the TSF on the semi-dreadnought battleship .
At the General Staff in March 1918 in the communications section, he was responsible for the radio equipment of merchant ships.
In 1920, the minister's orderly officer, he commanded the torpedo boat ( April 1921 ) and becomes a captain in corvette August 1922.
1 Wing Chief of Staff on the heavy cruiser in October 1935, he is promoted in July 1936 Secretary of the Superior Council of the Navy and Head of the Naval Armaments Studies Section at the General Staff.
Rear Admiral in January 1937, Deputy Chief of the General Staff in July 1938, he participates in August 1939 as commander of the 4th cruiser division on the light cruiser in Atlantic squadron in the operations of winter 1939–1940.
Force Commander Y August 1940 comprising three cruisers and three destroyers, it took part in the Battle of Dakar in September under the orders of Admiral Émile Lacroix and managed to avoid any engagement with the British squadron which supervised it.
Vice Admiral ( March 1941 ), Chief of the Defense Staff (October), Director of Armistice Services ( April 1942 ) and again chairman of the Imperial Telecommunications Committee ( April 1943 ), he entered the 2nd section of the General Staff in November 1945 and chairs the association of former students of the naval school.
The company was started in 2012 with 1 shopping centre promotion now have over 100 staff & turnover excess £10 million.
In 2020, the main athletic events will be the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan, the 2020 World Athletics Indoor Championships held in Nanjing, China and the 2020 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland.
The first-ever Finger Awards ceremony was in December 2019 hosted by Cally Beaton, a former senior TV executive, turned comedian, writer, and broadcaster at a special event held at C21 Content London.
The Finger Award was created to provide a platform for comedy professionals who have gone out of their way to try to make the world a better place using their craft.
It represents an industry recognition of these efforts by an international panel of over 50 A-list judges, all members of the Comedy for Change community.
Nominations for the first Finger Awards included 80 candidates from over 30 countries and encompassed standup routines, trolling acts, TV shows, ad campaigns, podcasts and more.
The Finger Award for most creative comedy was given to Taboo a 9x 60 Belgian TV show which first aired on broadcaster VRT in 2018 with a 54% share and has been given a greenlight for another series in 2021.
In Taboo, comedian Philippe Geubels invites four guests with a range of disabilities or illnesses for a week’s holiday in a lovely country house.
After spending time getting to know his guests, he does an entire comedy-set on every topic with his new made friends on the front seats of a venue packed with people who are confronted with the same issue.
An honorary mention was awarded to German comic Jan Böhmermann for his project Do They Know It’s Europe where 20 political satirists from 16 European countries, united to create a new European anthem for the 2019 European Parliament election.
Established in 2014, Comedy for Change is a vibrant international community of comedy writers, performers and executives who are interested in using their skills and platforms to effect social change.
It is one of the few Hospitals in Gujrat which offer free checkup to the poor and low prices for surgeries, medication can also be prescribed there for low prices.
The 32nd Signal Regiment () is a national support signals regiment of the Italian Army based in Padua in Veneto and Turin in Piedmont.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
A trained pianist, she completed an undergraduate degree in psychology at United College (now the University of Winnipeg) in 1959, while also earning a diploma in music.
She earned a master's degree (1961) and a PhD (1965) in psychology from the University of Toronto, under the supervision of Endel Tulving.
In 1965, Cuddy and her husband, Mel Wiebe (a scholar of Victorian literature), left Toronto to accept positions at Queen's University.
In 1969, Cuddy established the Music Cognition Lab at Queen's University, the first music psychology laboratory in Canada and one of the first in the world.
Her research program has examined a wide range of topics within music psychology, including melodic expectation, absolute pitch, and effects of musical training.
This work garnered media attention for the finding that patients with memory loss associated with dementia may be able to maintain musical memories.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his thirteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the 69th Regiment Armory in Manhattan.
It is situated in a prominent position at the top of the High Street, and constructed of local red sandstone taken from Locharbriggs Quarry.
Dumfries Town Council, Heritors of the New Kirk, considered over 30 plans for the proposed new church to be named Greyfriars’.
In June 2019 possible plans were announced which propose to reduce the size of the church and convert a portion of the building to residential flats.
As an Arizona State University alum, Lemke's 2007 stroke average of 70.03 is the third best in the school's history, behind Paul Casey (69.87, 1999–2000) and Phil Mickelson (69.95, 1991–1992).
In 2011, he had his best finish so far on the European Tour, third at the Nordea Masters at Bro Hof Slott GC, Stockholm, Sweden, earning €93,900.
He has twice won the Swedish PGA Championship, in 2012 and in 2017, both times played at PGA Sweden National in Bara, outside Malmö, Sweden.
In 2019, he played 25 tournaments on the European Tour, making 15 cuts and three top-10s, finishing 118th on the Race to Dubai, with €299,187 in prize money, just missing out automatic qualifying for next season.
Anyway, he finished in a tie for the final card the following year in his eleventh try at the European Tour Qualifying School in November 2019.
The 107-seat Mazhilis consists of 98 members elected from a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation and nine seats elected by the Assembly of People, a body selected by the President.
If only one party crosses the threshold, the party with the second highest number of votes is awarded at least two seats.
The Lac de l'Enfer is a body of water in the watershed of the Rivière à Mars and the Saguenay River.
Lac de l'Enfer is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the MRC of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The watershed of Lac de l'Enfer is mainly served indirectly by the forest road R0287 which runs on the southwest side along a higher segment of the rivière du Moulin.
The surface of Lac de l'Enfer is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the north) of Lake Lucifer and by the Bras de l'Enfer.
From the mouth of the Lac de l'Enfer, the current successively follows the course of the Arm of Hell on generally towards the north, then towards the east, the course of the rivière à Mars on generally north and the course of the Saguenay river on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence Estuary.
Jess Olson (born January 29, 1985) is an American politician and a Republican Representative of the South Dakota House of Representatives representing District 34 since January 2019.
In the four-way November 6, 2018 General election, Olson took the first seat with 5,853 votes (32%) and Representative Diedrich took the second seat ahead of Democratic candidates George Nelson and Brian Davis.
The 1986 Sul America Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix.
Scenes from the Life of Noah are a pair of 1436-1440 frescoes by Paolo Uccello in the Chiostro Verde (Green Cloister) of Santa Maria Novella in Florence.
They have now been transferred to canvas and were restored in 2013-2014, at which time it was considered moving them to an internal room in the complex.
All the frescoes in the cloister were restored in 1859 but then damaged in the 1966 Florence flood - Uccello's works were among the first to be restored, but the others are still under restoration.
This is where his long partnership with Furst was established, as his lead draftsman Phelps would create the set drawings for Furst to sometimes later add details and accents to.
PaiN Gaming is one of the oldest esports organisations in Brazil and has a higher following on social media than many traditional sports clubs.
It was also the first esports organisation in Latin America to have a gaming house and the first in the world to have a fan membership program, the size of which rivals that of Series A association football teams.
Today the regiment is administratively assigned to the army's Signal Command and operates the army's signal network in Central Italy and Sardinia.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
Constitutional amendments approved in May 2019 changed the electoral system for the presidency to the two-round system, replacing the previous first-past-the-post system.
In October 2019 the main opposition party, the National Alliance for Change, confirmed its leader Jean-Pierre Fabre would be its candidate.
Stephen Patrick McGlynn is a state court judge from Illinois who is an announced nominee to be a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois.
McGlynn earned his Bachelor of Arts from University of Dayton and his Juris Doctor from Saint Louis University School of Law.
On December 23, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to nominate McGlynn to serve as a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois.
Creation and the Fall are a pair of 1420-1425 frescoes by Paolo Uccello, produced for the Chiostro Verde (Green Cloister) in Santa Maria Novella in Florence.
Both works have now been transferred to canvas and were restored in 2013-2014, after which it was considered moving them to an internal room within the complex.
They were all detached after the flood, their sinopia removed (and now stored by the Superintendency) and relocated in 1983, though some are still under restoration.
It is known for being the hiding place of the bandits Marimon and Casulleres, after who the rock shelter is named.
In the entrance, its height is round , and the length from the entrance until its deepest point is round .
However, there are many other species into the wood that make the rock shelter not visible from a few metres afar, and this forest keeps the rock shelter camouflaged.
The access to the rock shelter is only possible afoot, through a path that starts not far from the Cal Perdiu county house, which lies less than away from the rock shelter.
The drawn route most frecuented to access to the cave starts in the Mas del Tronc Shelter, where the long-travel path GR-7 goes through.
The route is a round-trip that go through the Serra de Rubió Wind farm as well, which is close to the cave.
Patrick Williams (born August 6, 2001) is an American college basketball player for the Florida State Seminoles of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
Williams committed to play college basketball at Florida State over offers from Arizona, Clemson, Louisville, Maryland, NC State, Ohio State, Texas, Virginia Tech and Wake Forest.
The series premiered on 9 January 2008, and ended on 20 December 2009 with a total of 3 seasons and forty-three episodes.
The series revolves around a love story of an innocent young woman, self-conscious about her little chest, and an attractive drug trafficker.
The next day the channel broadcast another alternative ending where the protagonists lived a happy life and away from all the problems.
The President of Moldova is elected using the two-round system; If no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held.
The species was first proposed in 2018, and the name refers to the fact that the bacteria is likely an endophyte.
The 1987 Sul America Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix.
Twin Engine announced on March 19, 2018, that the series would receive an anime television series adaptation animated by Wit Studio.
The series is directed by Shūhei Yabuta, with Hiroshi Seko handling series composition, Takahiko Abiru designing the characters and Yutaka Yamada composing the music.
Due to the pending arrival of Typhoon Faxai on September 8, 2019, Episode 10 was delayed due to broadcasting news, and resumed on September 15, 2019.
Due to the airing of the World Para Athletics Championship sports tournament on NHK, Episode 18 was delayed and resumed on November 17, 2019.
The President of Ghana is elected using the two-round system, whilst the 275 members of Parliament are elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting.
Parliamentary candidates must be Ghanaian citizens at least 21 years old, and either be resident in their constituency or have lived there for at least five of the ten years prior to the election.
Up until 1983, the city of Granite City, Illinois was served by two high schools; Granite City South and Granite City North.
In 1983, the two high schools were merged to form Granite City High School, with Granite City South's building being used.
In her PhD she aimed to find the cause of the decline of amphibians in Queensland between the 1970s and 1990s.
She also served as the Associate Dean of Research within the College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences at James Cook University.
At the time it was thought that infectious diseases could not cause an extinction, as had happened to six frog species.
The 2020 SMP Russian Circuit Racing Series is the seventh season of the Russian Circuit Racing Series, organized by SMP Racing.
In the wake of the various scandals, Gottlieb had Visium liquidate several of its funds and wind down operations before the company ultimately was able to declare bankruptcy.
Until 2010, with Gottlieb's father had a desk within the firm's New York office and, on occasion, informally advised the company on accounting matters.
In March 2016, Jacob Gottlieb disclosed to shareholders that Visium was being investigated by the United States Justice Department and the SEC regarding the company's actions in regards to their Credit Opportunities Fund which was shut down in 2013.
Sanjay Valvani and Chris Plaford were indicted for insider trading while Plaford and Stefan Lumiere were accused of inflating the value of the Credit Opportunities Fund.
In 2019, Visium filed a complaint against Sanjay Valvani's widow and estate seeking over $100 million be returned, due to Valvani's alleged illegal conduct and breach of fiduciary duty.
Two years after his sister's 2005 marriage to Gottlieb, Stefan Lumiere joined Visium to manage the firm's Credit Opportunities Fund which held assets consisting of distressed debt.
Upon being accused of fraudulently overvaluing the assets of the fund, he denied any wrongdoing as well as the accuracy of the government's statements against him.
Following the end of negotiations with the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2018, the company forfeited $10 million to regulators in exchange for being able to declare bankruptcy.
Daniel Chipman Linsley (commonly referred to as D. C. Linsley) (April 17, 1827 - October 7, 1889) was an engineer, businessman, author, and political figure from Vermont.
He was most notable for his railroad work which included serving as chief engineer of the Central Vermont Railway and assistant chief engineer of the Northern Pacific Railroad.
Linsley was also active in politics and government in his hometown of Burlington, Vermont and briefly served as Burlington's mayor in 1870.
In 1846 he was a delegate to the party's state convention and was chosen to record the proceedings as one of the convention's two secretaries.
After becoming qualified as an engineer, Linsley joined the Rutland and Burlington Railroad as an assistant engineer, and remained with the B and R until 1852.
Linsley's work traced the origin and history of the Morgan Horse breed from Justin Morgan's ownership of the foundation sire Figure in the late 1700s to the late 1850s and continues to be regarded as the seminal work on the history of the breed.
He was chief engineer for the Vermont and Canada Railroad, and oversaw construction of the tracks from the Lake Champlain docks in Burlington to the railroad depot in Essex Junction.
This work included completing the Burlington Tunnel under Burlington's North Avenue, a project that was noteworthy because it required the development and implementation of new techniques for building in loose sand.
Contemporary news accounts of the tunnel's construction indicate that the stress associated with the work caused Linsley's hair to turn white prematurely.
Additional Linsley projects in Vermont included passenger stations in Burlington and St. Albans, as well as extension of the Central Vermont line from St. Albans to Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec.
Linsley was chief engineer of the Central Vermont from 1860 to 1862, and the Montreal and Vermont Junction Railroad from 1862 to 1865.
From 1865 to 1866 he was chief engineer of the Vermont division of the Portland and Ogdensburg Railway, and he was chief engineer of the Lebanon Springs Railroad (upstate New York) from 1866 to 1869.
During the American Civil War, Linsley supported the Union and took part in activities including recruiting drives at which he contributed to cash bonuses paid to newly enlisted soldiers.
In addition, he operated a contracting business, D. C. Linsley & Company, which undertook projects including providing gas lighting for the town of Windsor, Vermont.
A Democrat in an era when Republicans dominated Vermont politics, in 1864, Linsley was the party's unsuccessful nominee for member of the Vermont House of Representatives from Burlington.
In 1865, Linsley and his brother George formed a partnership to construct a lumber mill in Burlington, which they operated as Linsley's Mills.
The business was later operated by new partners as S. S. Churchill & Co. Linsley was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor in 1865, and was defeated by Republican Abraham B. Gardner.
He resigned on October 6, 1870 and former mayor Torrey E. Wales served as acting mayor until Linsley's term expired in April 1871.
In 1874, Linsley was one of the organizers and promoters of the Burlington and Lamoille Valley Railroad, and he was its president from 1874 to 1875 and chief engineer from 1875 to 1876.
In 1886, Linsley moved to New York City, where he promoted the New York and Boston Rapid Transit Company, a venture which proposed to build a direct rail line between New York City and Boston, Massachusetts.
The work was still in progress at the time of Linsley's death, but the enterprise proved unsuccessful and the company became defunct.
In addition to promoting the Boston to New York City rail line, at the time of his death, Linsley was also working on plans for an elevated railway in New York City.
In addition, his name is included on the monument to Charles Linsley and Sarah Chipman Linsley at Middlebury Cemetery in Middlebury.
D. C. and Martha Linsley were the parents of two children, Joseph Hatch Linsley, a doctor in New York City, and Fanny, the wife of William M. Brophy.
The Lamb Creek School, in Bonner County, Idaho near the city of Priest River, Idaho, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
It is a rustic one-story peeled log building built on United States Forest Service land in 1934 by a Civilian Conservation Corps battalion, to serve the increasing number of year-round residents in the area.
In 1995 the U.S. Forest Service transferred the parcel to a private owner, and it was to be deeded to the Library Board in 1998.
This is a timeline of major events in second half of 2017 related to the investigations into links between associates of Donald Trump and Russian officials that are suspected of being inappropriate, relating to the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
It follows the timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections before and after July 2016 up until election day November 8, the post-election transition, and the first half of 2017.
Despite efforts by local member of parliament Dennis Skinner to challenge Prime Minister David Cameron in the House of Commons to prevent closure and a strong campaign against closure organised by local people, it was confirmed in July 2017 that the hospital would close.
After services had been transferred to the Castle Street Medical Centre in Bolsover in early 2019, Bolsover Hospital closed and the site was handed over to Homes England to facilitate residential development.
Georgeta Snegur (23 April 1937 – 23 December 2019) was the First Lady of Moldova from 1990 to 1997 as the wife of President Mircea Snegur.
It was performed at the MAD VMA 2019 on 27 June 2019 and released on digital platforms on 10 July 2019 by Panik Platinum, a sub-label of Panik Records.
The 1988 Citibank Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix.
The Golden Vein (Italian: La vena d'oro) is a 1928 Italian silent comedy film directed by Guglielmo Zorzi and starring Diana Karenne, Elio Steiner and Giovanni Cimara.
The story is essentially a vignette, set in August, 1979, spotlighting the Sasquatch Jefferson State Governor Bill Williamson's meeting/photo-op with the Yeti Lama of Tibet, who has been living in-exile in Jefferson ever since China's Invasion of Tibet in 1959.
The story gives a quick sketch of Jefferson's history and comparatively open culture, and hints at the broad role sasquatches have played in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
District 2 is based in the Mid-Ohio Valley region, covering all of Calhoun, Doddridge, Ritchie, Tyler, and Wetzell Counties and parts of Gilmer, Marion, Marshall, and Monongalia Counties.
The district is located largely within West Virginia's 1st congressional district, with a small portion extending into West Virginia's 2nd congressional district, and overlaps with the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 33rd, 34th, 50th, and 51st districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Arad is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Arad, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
At the end of the regular season, the first ranked in the play-off group will go to the promotion play-off, the four of the middle group, play-stay, will stay in place, and the last two ranked in the play-out group, will relegated.
The statue of Zlatan (Swedish: Zlatan-statyn) is a statue depicting the Swedish footballer Zlatan Ibrahimović, created by the sculptor Peter Linde at the end of 2017, at the request of the Swedish Football Association.
From the beginning the statue was planned to be placed at Friends Arena in Stockholm, but was finally unveiled at the football stadium in Malmö where Ibrahimović grew up.
In the afternoon on 8 October 2019, the statue of Zlatan was unveiled at the football stadium in Malmö in front of thousands of fans and Ibrahimović attending the ceremony.
His eyes are focused and he is bare chested and wearing shorts as he steps over the world globe with determined steps.
Malmö City municipality stated that the cost of the statue was 500,000 Swedish kronor and with an annual maintenance cost of 15,000 kronor, costs that Malmö City will pay.
On the ground and right under the statue there are inscriptions into granite based tiles with the clubs Ibrahimović has played for, and the many titles in football that he has won.
The vandalism was done after it was revealed that Zlatan had become part-owner of the football club Hammarby IF, and had stated that he wanted to make Hammarby into the best football club in Scandinavia.
The statue was sprayed with silver paint during the night of 22 December 2019, and its nose was sawn off and completely removed.
He served as the head football coach at Carroll College in Helena, Montana from 1971 to 1998, compiling record of 163–90–2.
He then attended Western Montana College—now known as University of Montana Western—in Dillon, Montana, where played college football as a halfback, before graduating with bachelor's degree in physical education in 1959.
Petrino began his coaching career at Grass Range High School in Grass Range, Montana, where as head football coach he led his team to two district championships in three years.
Petrino's sons, Bobby and Paul Petrino, each played college football as a quarterback for their father at Carroll and went on to coaching careers.
Following an inquiry into the financial sustainability of the Shire in 2000, Windouran Shire was absorbed into the neighbouring Conargo Shire on 1 July 2001.
Heinrich Lummer (21 November 1932 – 15 June 2019) was a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.
It includes events described in investigations into suspected inappropriate links between associates of Donald Trump and Russian officials following July 2016 through Election Day November 8, 2016.
Based in New York City, she is best known for chamber operas about women who find themselves in situations where they are forced to confront patriarchal structures.
Sankaram is also known for incorporating the latest technologies (e.g., virtual reality) and discussing the social effects of technology in musical theater works.
The daughter of an Indian father and a white American mother, Sankaram was born in Orange County, California, and grew up largely in Ramona, a small town in San Diego County.
As far as specific influences, they range from [Anthony] Braxton to Strauss to Radiohead and Pink Floyd.” She also loves Bollywood songs, and incorporates elements of this style in many works.
As a coloratura soprano, Sankaram has starred in many of her own works, and performed with Anthony Braxton, Meredith Monk, the Philip Glass Ensemble, and the Wooster Group.
She is also the leader of Bombay Rickey, a five-band that evokes 1960s movie soundscapes through a fusion of surf music, cumbia, Bollywood, film noir jazz, Spaghetti Western, and opera.
As both a woman and a person of South Asian descent, my worldview and my network are different than many people in the field.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
He is a two-time (1981, 1986), a 1986 Swedish men's champion and five-time Swedish mixed champion (1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1985).
As part of the Selkirk Mountains, it is situated at the south end of the compact Sir Donald Range, hence the name origin.
The expansive Illecillewaet Névé lies to the southwest, the Sir Donald Glacier lies below the steep northeast wall, and a small unnamed glacier lies at the bottom of the steep southeast slope.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the glaciers drains west into the Illecillewaet River, and east into the Beaver River.
The first ascent of the peak was made in 1906 by Allan F. Kitchell, Cornelius P. Kitchell, and Edward Feuz Jr.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Terminal Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C44 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The 1989 Citibank Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix.
The Painting of Osvaldo Mars (Italian: Il quadro di Osvaldo Mars) is a 1921 Italian silent drama film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Mercedes Brignone, Domenico Serra and Giovanni Cimara.
A countess, discovering that a painting of her provocatively dressed as Salome by the artist Osvaldo Mars is to be publicly exhibited, slashes the canvas.
She sought to cover a range of topics and fields as a way to diversity her skills and earning new assignments.
While an art, theater and culture reporter for TBD.com she completed an arts journalism fellow with the National Endowment for the Arts and the University of Southern California.
Her coverage included articles about harassment in the food industry, for which she received and dismissed criticism that food writers should only write about food.
She has reviewed food documentaries, chronicled the life of figures in the DC food scene, and the arc of food institutions.
In 2019, it was announced that Judkis was moving within the paper, leaving the food section to become a general assignment reporter for the style section.
She was nominated for her article that described the history, nuances, and cultural significance of pumpkin spice, for which she collected and sampled more than 40 products featuring the distinctive fall flavor.
The 2014 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2014 season.
It was played at Sporting Park in Kansas City, Kansas, on December 20, 2014, with kickoff at 4:00 p.m. EST (3:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPN2.
The participants of the 2014 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2014 Division II Playoffs, which began with teams seeded 3–6 in each super region playing in the first round, the winners of which faced teams seeded 1–2 in the second round.
Kathryn Rachel Ayscough is a Professor of Molecular Cell Biology and Head of the Department of Biomedical Science at the University of Sheffield.
Ayscough attended a comprehensive school near Bristol and studied biochemistry at the University of Oxford where she was a student at Exeter College, Oxford.
After her PhD, Ayscough moved to the University of California, Berkeley as a Wellcome Trust research fellow, working with David Drubin.
Ayscough joined the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the University of Sheffield in 2003 and was promoted to Professor in 2012.
She is a member of the Faculty of 1000 and has been funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
In particular, she looks at how actin (an element of the cytoskeleton) can initiate the formation of filaments, which permit inward bending of the plasma membrane.
Invagination, the inward bending process of the plasma membrane, is known as endocytosis, and ensures that cells can regulate the composition of their surface to respond to environmental signals.
Basil, 1st Chevalier de Weryha-Wysoczański-Pietrusiewicz (23 April 1816 – 25 October 1891) was a Polish wholesale merchant, landowner, town property owner and philanthropist from Odessa.
He came from an old noble family of Walachian boyar stock and was the 4th son of Jan, 2nd Chevalier Wysoczański de Pietrusiewicz.
He had one daughter, Wilhelmine, who married a Swiss rentier and died at age 19 in Cannes, as well a favoured place of her father and of the international nobility in general.
Born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, de Weryha-Wysoczański made his money, as his biographer informs us in 1892, with vodka supplies for the army during the Crimean War.
He soon got rid of a café-pâtisserie on Odessa’s famous Deribasovskaya Street and, as his biographer puts it, ‘became a fully-fledged gentleman capitalist’.
In 1861 he was awarded the Silver Medal on the Ribbon of Saint Stanislas and in 1876 received a confirmation of the title of Hereditary Chevalier of Galicia with the Wukry coat of arms.
After the death of his only daughter, he gave in Odessa, in February 1885, £900.000 for orphaned girls who would be paid dowries.
He founded the Saint Nicholas Church in Wysocko Wyżne, Austro-Hungarian Empire, the consecration of which took place on 13 October 1891.
De Weryha-Wysoczański features in it with his real name, although other names were changed, as well as some facts for reasons of dramatisation.
Caja de Burgos was a medium-sized savings bank, and currently a banking foundation, based in the Province of Burgos in northern Spain with headquarters in Burgos city.
In 2010, as a result of the European debt crisis, it was merged with Caja Canarias, Cajasol and Caja Navarra, and incorporated as a bank by means of a new notarial instrument, forming Banca Civica.
Starting in 2013, the charity part of the savings bank was established as a non-profit foundation, dedicated to support the cultural heritage and social activities eventually maintained by the bank.
Renato Pampanini, born in Valdobbiadene, Italy in 1875 and died in Vittorio Veneto in 1949, was an Italian botanist and mycologist.
In addition to his own scientific research, he carried out numerous botanical expeditions, notably to Cyrenaica and other regions of North Africa, to the Rhodes and the Dodecanese islands.
The Pampanini herbarium, which includes more than 5,000 specimens, is located in the central Italian herbarium of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze.
Ruairí Lynch (born 5 October 1983), known by the stage name Bantum, is an Irish multi-instrumentalist, musician, DJ, producer and composer.
In 1973 along with Lucie Rie, Hans Coper, Janet Leach and Ewen Henderson (artist) he exhibited at Tim Boon's Amalgam Gallery, Barnes village, opening exhibition entitled 'Five British Potters'.
In 2013 Campbell purchased a 16th timber-framed house and studio in Gloucestershire, not far from the site of his earlier workshop and produced hand built, individual pieces using a Staffordshire red clay.
Lamonte Centerius Turner (born July 4, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
As a junior he averaged 13 points, 5.5 rebounds and four assists per game, helping lead the Senators to a 29–8 record and the Class 6A state championship game.
Turner reclassified to 2015 and signed with Tennessee on April 28, 2015, choosing the Volunteers over offers from Florida, Florida State, Louisville, Wichita State, Alabama and Auburn.
He averaged 8.2 points, 2.5 rebounds and 2.7 assists per game as a redshirt freshman starting half of his 32 games.
As a sophomore, Turner averaged 10.9 points, 3.2 rebounds and 2.2 assists per game, shooting 39.9 percent from the field and 39.5 percent from behind the three-point line.
On November 30, 2019, Turner hit a buzzer-beating three-pointer from the corner to give Tennessee a 72–69 win over VCU in the Emerald Classic.
As a senior, Turner averaged 12.3 points and 7.1 assists per game in 11 games but struggled with his shooting, hitting 23.4 percent of his three-pointers.
Jordan Maliek Bowden (born January 20, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Bowden earned All-State and District 3-AA MVP recognition, and was named the Knoxville News Sentinel’s 2015 PrepXtra Boys Basketball Player of the Year.
Bowden transferred to 22 Feet Academy for a season of prep basketball and drew major-college attention after scoring 30 points at the Tarkanian Classic in December of 2015.
186 prospect in his class by 247 Sports, Bowden signed with Tennessee on March 22, 2016, choosing the Volunteers over offers from Providence, Cincinnati, Marquette, and Utah.
He was Tennessee’s fifth-leading scorer as a junior with 10.6 points per game and was second on the team in three-point shots made with 51.
He scored a career-high 26 points against Murray State in a 82–63 victory, then scored 18 points the following game in a 75–62 win over Washington.
Karen Hideko Sasahara, a member of the Senior Foreign Service, is an American diplomat who served as Consul General until the Embassy moved to Jerusalem opened.
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Dr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Sasahara and raised in the Boston area, Sasahara has a M.A.
It confers LLB degrees, postgraduate courses, and professional conversion and training courses including the Graduate Diploma in Law, Legal Practice Course, and Master of Laws degrees.
Established in 1994 as the College of Law and Criminology, the School is the largest Law School in Wales and ranks third in the UK for Criminology, and twenty-second in the UK for Law.
Academically, Cardiff Law School offers LLB degrees, postgraduate courses, and professional conversion and training courses including the Graduate Diploma in Law, Legal Practice Course, and Master of Laws degrees.
This research encompasses the School's numerous research centres including The Swansea University Legal Centre, Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology, Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Law, Cyber Threats Intelligence Centre, The Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law and the Wales Observatory on Human Rights of Children and Young People.
This new development will house commercial law firms, technology companies, national and international agencies, along with the academics and students of the School.
The School was unveiled in 2017 as the Hillary Rodham Clinton School of Law following the conferment of an honorary doctorate to the former U.S.
In 2012, while still 21 years old, he won the first World Series of Poker circuit event he entered in New Orleans.
In December of that year, he finished second in the Five Diamond World Poker Classic on the World Poker Tour, earning more than $1,134,000.
In 2018, Foxen earned more than $6.6 million and won high roller events on the WPT and Asia Pacific Poker Tour, as well as finishing runner-up in the Party Poker Millions event in Nottingham, England for $947,000 and the Super High Roller Bowl for $2,160,000, his largest career cash.
Foxen made the final table of the Five Diamond World Poker Classic for the second time in three years in December 2019.
He was a member of the Cork senior football team for two seasons, during which time he usually lined out as a goalkeeper.
He joined the Cork senior team during the 1972-73 National League and served as understudy to regular goalkeeper Billy Morgan for two seasons.
The 2019–20 Illinois State Redbirds men's basketball team represent Illinois State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Redbirds, led by 8th-year head coach Dan Muller, play their home games at Redbird Arena in Normal, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference.
Henderson Eels arrived to the last matchweek needing a miracle to win the league as they needed to beat bottom placed team Real Kakamora by 13 or more goals and cheer for a Solomon Warriors loss against FC Guadalcanal.
Eels won Real Kakamora by 19-0 with eleven goals scored by Raphael Lea'i but Solomon Warriors won Guadalcanal by default to remain with the national league title.
17 years old Raphael Lea'i from Henderson Eels was the top scorer of the league with 24 goals scored in seven matches.
Irene Komnene Palaiologina (; –1284), after known by her monastic name as Eulogia (Εὐλογία), was an elder sister of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.
Originally close to the emperor, her opposition to the Union of the Churches in 1273 led to their estrangement, and even to intrigues by Irene against Michael involving foreign rulers.
The historian George Pachymeres reports on how she used to lull Michael to sleep with the assurance that he would be the future emperor who would recover Constantinople from the Latin Empire; in 1261, she was the one who brought him the news of the reconquest of Constantinople.
In order to safeguard the rights of Michael's son, Andronikos II Palaiologos, Irene urged her brother to have Laskaris sidelined completely.
However, she rejected Michael's espousal of the Union of the Churches in 1273, and became a leader of the anti-Unionist faction at court.
Her relationship with her brother turned to bitter hostility, and Michael banished her to the fortress of Gregorios in the Gulf of Nicomedia.
Irene also did not hesitate to involve her son-in-law in the anti-Unionist cause: with the aid of her daughter, she incited Tikh against Michael, and even tried, without success, to form an alliance against Byzantium between Bulgaria and the Mamluk Sultanate.
During their career, film-making duo Phil Lord and Christopher Miller have worked on a number of projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under their direction.
On August 7, 2015, it was revealed that Lord and Miller would not direct the film, but instead write and produce.
The news was leaked after Sony's system was hacked and then confirmed by the directors of the films, Lord and Miller, during an interview about it.
In October 2015, Seth Grahame-Smith was in negotiations to direct and write the script, based off the treatment by Lord and Miller.
On June 20, 2017 it was reported that they had been fired from the project by Lucasfilm, after over four-and-a-half months of filming, about three-quarters through principal photography.
The Big East–Big 12 Scheduling Alliance or Big East-Big 12 Battle is an annual NCAA college basketball series where all 10 teams from both the Big East and Big 12 face each other.
For the first alliance, unlike the SEC–Big East Challenge and current Gavitt Tipoff Games and Big 12/SEC Challenge, the teams will not face each other all on the same day.
That person then chooses the second person (from the same sex) for the Battle and also the type of battle (a quiz, extrusion, endurance, sleight).
After the contestants are eliminated, they are taken to Torpet where they'll be given a second chance to try and re-enter the competition.
On the fourth week, four challengers come to the farm where they live for two weeks while doing chores and getting to know the other contestants.
At the end of the two weeks, the contestants on the farm decide which two are allowed to stay on the farm.
Costa Rican teams have traditionally been one of the more successful teams in the CONCACAF Champions League, winning the title six times and having five runners-up.
The top three finishers of the Liga FPD, the top tier of football in Costa Rica, qualify for the CONCACAF League, which is a secondary tournament.
The Act will for the first time in Wales afford 16 and 17 year olds the right to vote, beginning with the Welsh General Election in 2021.
The decision is the largest franchise extension in Wales since 1969, when the Representation of the People Act in 1969 reduced the voting age from 21 to 18.
The decision was controversial and saw much debate in the Chamber between those who favoured the single name Senedd and those (led by former First Minister Carwyn Jones) who sought to include a bilingual element.
The law has also been changed so that disqualified individuals are prohibited from taking up a seat in the Assembly rather than being prohibited from standing for election, and ensuring that the Electoral Commission is funded by and accountable to the Assembly for Welsh elections.
The numbers in brackets after the winners' names indicate the career wins on the Ladies European Tour, including that event, and is only shown for members of the tour.
Francesco Chiesa (5 July 1871 in Sagno - 10 June 1973 in Lugano) was an Italian-speaking Swiss poet and short story writer.
It is funded by and serves South Wales Police and Gwent Police, independent from the Forensic Science Service of England and Wales.
The unit is the only one of its kind in the UK able to undertake glass investigation, which will involve examining fragments of smashed glass for forensic evidence, and exports copies to the UK National DNA Database.
This year, 19 contestants arrive on the farm where they'll have to complete tasks in order to help win equipment and food.
The person chosen for the duel then selects someone of the same gender to compete against them in the duel where the loser is kicked out of the farm.
Starting in week two, the contestant who was evicted from the farm decides who the new head of the farm shall be.
The valley of the Petite rivière Pikauba is mainly accessible thanks to the route 169 and the route 175 (connecting Quebec and Chicoutimi).
Forestry developed in the sector at the end of the 19th century, thus generating the development of hunting and fishing activities.
The surface of the Petite rivière Pikauba is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to the end of March.
The Little Pikauba River flows into a bay on the south shore of Kenogami Lake, west of Pointe Finnigan which is attached to the south shore of the lake.
From the confluence of the Little Pikauba river and the Pikauba River the current successively follows the course of the latter on towards the north, crosses the Kenogami Lake on north-east to barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follow the course of the Chicoutimi River on to the east, then the northeast and the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Although new African-American newspapers continued to be established in Utah through at least the 1990s, many of the state's historical African-American newspapers date to a period of journalistic ferment between 1890 and 1910.
Many of these early local papers were members of the Western Negro Press Association, which held its fifth annual meeting in Salt Lake City in 1900.
Karl Davis (January 17, 1962 in Brooklyn, NY – May 2, 1987) was an African-American fashion designer once called one of New York's most promising young designers.
Davis attended New York’s Fashion Institute of Technology for only one semester - six months - and while there studied pattern making.
Though brief – from age 17 until shortly before his death at age 25 – Karl Davis experienced a career highly praised and of impressive achievement.
Funeral services for Davis were held 7 May 1987 at St. Mary’s Church of Christ in Brooklyn, NY, followed by interment also in Brooklyn at Cypress Hills Cemetery.
Karl Davis was survived by his parents, Rose and Lembert Davis of Brooklyn, and three sisters, Jackie and Robin, both of Brooklyn, and Andora Boyd of Virginia.
He is attested by numerous accounts of the Battle of Clontarf in which he is said to have lost his life supporting the cause of Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig, High King of Ireland, a king whose forces fought against those of Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin, Máel Mórda mac Murchada, King of Leinster and Sigurðr Hlǫðvisson, Earl of Orkney.
Domnall is the first Mormaer of Mar on record, and the Irish sources that note him are the earliest sources to note the province of Mar.
In times of peace, a Scottish mormaer would have overseen one of the provinces of Alba, and in times of war, he would have commanded its military forces.
In 1014, Domnall fought and died at the Battle of Clontarf, supporting the cause of Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig, High King of Ireland.
The battle was fought by the forces of the High King of Ireland against the allied forces of Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin, Máel Mórda mac Murchada, King of Leinster, and Sigurðr Hlǫðvisson, Earl of Orkney.
Although Brian's forces won the fight, it was a Pyrrhic victory, leaving both sides decimated, with Brian and members of his immediate family amongst the dead, and his objective of capturing Dublin left unfulfilled.
Domnall appears to have been one of the principal commanders in the battle, and appears to have commanded a portion of Brian's army composed of foreign mercenaries.
The battalion that appears to have formed the left flank is stated to have been composed of ten mormaers and their Scandinavian allies.
Opposite this battalion, the coalition's right flank appears to have been composite force of Scandinavian mercenaries in the fore and Leinstermen in the rear.
As such, there is reason to suspect that its (possibly exaggerated) depiction of Domnall may have been intended to promote a theme of shared interests between Munster and Alba.
According to this source, the night before hostilities, a certain Plait, identified as the son of the King of , boasted that there was no man in Ireland fit to fight him.
The following day, once the battalions were arrayed on the field of battle, Plait is said to have called out Domnall, whereupon the two fight one another, dying by each other's hand.
Whether the two actually encountered each other the night before is questionable, as is perhaps the claim that the battle began with the duel between two opposing champions.
If there is any historical basis to the tale, it may be more likely that the two had crossed paths sometime previous, and that the battle merely allowed them to settle an old score.
When Murchad retorts that he is unwilling retreat one foot of land in front of his men, and declares that many false heroes will fall back and leave their share of the battle to him, Domnall swears that he will not shirk from his part.
Domnall is thus depicted as a trusted and true follower of Brian, and it is possible that this passage was intended increase the drama in preparation for the account of Domnall's final fall.
There is no mention of Domnall's title in this pre-battle scene, and the text implies that Domnall was personally attached to Brian, occupying a leadership role under him.
Although Muirchertach faced a serious threat from Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway during his reign, the two orchestrated a marriage alliance between Muirchertach's daughter, Bjaðmunjo, and Magnús' son, Sigurðr.
Domnall's part in the battle partly evinces the international nature of the clash, and may be indicative of Brian's diplomatic ability.
On one hand, Domnall may have merely acted as a hired mercenary, or perhaps as a dislocated nobleman exiled from Alba.
If he had been fostered by an Irish family, it is also conceivable that Domnall could have felt obliged to serve alongside them.
If there is any truth to this claim, it could be evidence of otherwise unrecorded contact between Brian and the Scots that could account for Domnall's part in the battle.
Less than a decade before the battle, in 1005, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda overturned his cousin, Cináed mac Duib, King of Alba, and seized the kingship of Alba.
That very year, Brian made a donation of gold to the church of Armagh—an eminent religious centre of the people of both Ireland and Alba—and recognised its claims of ecclesiastical supremacy throughout Ireland.
Whether there is any connection between Brian's imperial title and Domnall's presence at Clontarf is uncertain, although it could account for the Scottish presence at the battle, and may be evidence that Domnall recognised Brian's authority.
As such, the record of Domnall at Clontarf could be evidence that a Scottish faction, with designs upon the kingship of Alba, aligned itself with Brian and recognised his overlordship in pursuit of its royal ambitions.
There is reason to suspect that his rule was challenged by Clann Ruaidrí, the family that held the mormaership of Moray.
During his reign, for example, two members of this kindred—Findláech mac Ruaidrí and Máel Coluim mac Maíl Brígte—are styled as kings by certain Irish sources in records of their deaths.
Although it is possible that the Moravians launched their bid for the kingship immediately after Máel Coluim's violent accession, they could have capitalised upon any event between Cináed's death and the notice of Findláech's royal title in 1020.
Even though Máel Coluim was not a combatant at Clontarf, and the battle had no direct bearing on his kingship, there is evidence to indicate that several associates of his may have been involved.
The customary allegiance of the people of Mar is unknown, and it is uncertain whether Domnall's part in the fray is evidence that Brian was aligned with Máel Coluim or Findláech.
Whilst it is possible that Domnall was lending assistance to Brian on behalf of Máel Coluim—or that Máel Coluim was at least aware of Domnall's alliance and allowed him to campaign overseas—another possibility is that Domnall's actions were undertaken independently of Máel Coluim, and that Domnall did so in the context of settling a private score with Sigurðr.
In fact, Máel Coluim could well have been wary of the ambitions of the Uí Ímair and Orcadians, and it is possible that he decided to remain a neutral player in their struggle against Brian.
The evidence that Máel Coluim's mother was a Leinsterwoman, and that Sigurðr was his son-in-law, suggest that Máel Coluim may have been inclined to side with Sitriuc and Sigurðr against Brian.
It may be that Domnall's support of Brian stemmed from these close ties of kinship between Máel Coluim and Sigurðr, and that Domnall's presence at Clontarf was a reaction to the threat of this alliance.
The fact that Domnall risked—and lost—his life to support Brian's cause could be evidence that Domnall was indeed opposed to Sigurðr and Máel Coluim.
The threat of this Orcadian ascendance could have spurned Máel Coluim to counter Sigurðr by sending Domnall overseas to assist Brian.
If Domnall indeed campaigned on Máel Coluim's behalf, and if Máel Coluim was indeed descended from a Leinsterwoman, another possibility is that Máel Coluim's Leinster kinsmen were rivals of Máel Mórda.
Playing at same level in the 1985–86 season with RFK Novi Sad where he menaged to score 6 goals in 22 appearances that called the attention of local powerhouse fK Vojvodina which brought him and made him contribute in the extraordinary Yugoslav First League championship winning squad in 1988–89 season.
Althought he played more as a back-up role, he made 4 league appearances, and the title provided him enough prestige to open way to offers from abroad.
Muhić opted for Swedish side BK Forward, where, as the club name suggests, he was given offesinve tasks, scoring 15 goals in one season, quite an archivement for a midfielder.
In 1992, he signed with more notorious Östers IF, but, after failing to get to starting eleven, he accepted a move to Degerfors IF, which proved to be a great decition as he menaged to display his talent by scoring 6 goals out of 18 appearances.
Presquile Plantation was a plantation located in southeastern Chesterfield County, Virginia built in the mid 18th century probably by Richard Randolph II of Curles, a grandson of William Randolph the Immigrant.
Richard Randolph most likely built the house at Presquile for his son David Meade Randolph, the husband of the esteemed Mary Randolph.
Unfortunately, the couple did not live at Presquile for long, as the land surrounding it was extremely swampy and did not promote good health.
Igor Sinyavin (Russian: Игорь Синявин; October 10, 1937 - February 15, 2000) was a Soviet Nonconformist painter, writer and ideologist of Russian neopaganism and Russian nationalism.His artistic and written work provides insight into Soviet censorship and struggle for artistic independence.
He studied at the Military Topographic College, the Leningrad State University, later at the Faculty of History at the Department of Art History, but did not graduate.
He began to independently engage in drawing and painting in 1969, and participated in apartment exhibitions where he discussed the problems of contemporary art.
He presented his art at the Bulldozer Exhibition (September 15, 1974), an unofficial exhibition that ended with several arrests and the destruction of the participants' art.
Since the Bulldozer Exhibition aroused international news coverage and strong public disapproval, and Soviet authorities reluctantly agreed to allow two nonconformist exhibitions.
Becoming a prominent member of the Soviet non-conformist art scene, he was on the organizing committee and presented his works in the first Soviet permitted non-conformist exhibitions in the Izmailovsky Park in Moscow (September 29, 1974) and in Leningrad (December 22-25, 1974).
This collage of names along with the high attendance demonstrated the public's support for the nonconformist movement and angered the Soviet authorities.On December 15, 1975, Sinyavin, along with other nonconformist artists and poets, staged a poetry-reading on the Senate Square to commemorate the sesquicentennial of the Decembrists' uprising.
The KGB pressured Sinyavin to emigrate in 1976, and he left for Vienna on his way to New York, United States.
While the Soviet Union only permitted art that pertained Socialist Realism and glorified communist values, his art focused on geometric shapes and patterns.
King Henry I of Germany recognized his election and, on 4 November 926, confirmed his abbey's immunity from taxation and the local court, its right to freely elect its own abbot and its right of inquisition over its dependencies.
The elderly and the children were sent for safety to Wasserburg across Lake Constance, while the library was removed to Reichenau Island and the monks took refuge in a fortress on the river Sitter.
Ints M. Siliņš (March 25, 1942 Riga, Latvia-) was a Career Foreign Service Officer who served first as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim to Latvia beginning service October 2, 1991 and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Latvia until July 14, 1995.
In 1944, at age two, Silins and his mother escaped from Latvia and ended up in a Displaced persons camp in the American Zone of Germany.
His father was later captured by the Red Army and sent to a Soviet death camp in Siberia, where he later died.
In 1987 he was named Deputy Director for Bilateral Relations in the Office of Soviet Affairs in Washington, and served as Consul General for the US Mission in Strasbourg prior to his assignment in Latvia.
In his role in the Office of Soviet Affairs, he testified before Congress about backlogs in Soviet refugee claims to the United States.
On February 10, 1992, President George H. W. Bush nominated Silins as United States Ambassador to Latvia, a role that Silins had taken on as a Chargé d’Affaires in 1991.
In 1995, at the end of his time as Ambassador to Latvia, he was awarded the Order of the Three Stars, Latvia's highest civilian honor.
The Royal Canadian Air Force Academy (RCAFA) is a Canadian Forces training establishment for officers who serve with units of the Royal Canadian Air Force.
The RCAFA consists of more than 1,800 students who led by an administrative team consisting of 43 regular force and reservist officers.
In the early 1990s, the Canadian Forces Air Command became interested in establishing educational facilities to enhance its effectiveness in commisioning officers.
As a result, three Junior Leadership schools based in Summerside, Prince Edward Island and Penhold, Alberta were closed and reassigned to the Air Command Professional Development and Training Centre (ACPDTC) in Borden, Ontario.
In addition, the Air Force Indoctrination School Detachment in St-Jean, Quebec, as well as the Canadian Forces School of Air Reserve Training in Penhold also saw their cadets move to Borden.
The Lord Nelson Ground was a football ground and the home of Millwall Rovers Football Club from 1886–1890, the team who went on to become Millwall.
Millwall Rovers were playing on Glengall Road, and due to their success and the enthusiasm of its' members decided to find a more suitable enclosure for games to be played on.
Millwall rented the land from a Mrs Lydia McMahon, and she received a better offer for it forcing Millwall to be evicted in 1890.
The game helped raise £113 9s in funds for The Athletic Grounds, Millwall's new stadium which they would move into in September of 1890.
The ship became famous when it was torpedoed early in World War I off the West Coast of the United States off Coos Bay, Oregon at 43.38 N –124.48 W at 7:00am.
Scherick had formed this company after leaving CBS when the network would not make him the head of sports programming, choosing instead Bill MacPhail, a former baseball public-relations agent.
Before ABC Sports even became a formal division of the network, Scherick and ABC programming chief Tom Moore pulled off many programming deals involving the most popular American sporting events.
Several months before ABC began broadcasting NCAA college football games, Arledge sent Scherick a remarkable memo, filled with youthful exuberance, and television production concepts which sports broadcasts have adhered to since.
The genius of Arledge in this memo was not that he offered another way to broadcast the game to the sports fan.
At age 29 on September 17, 1960 he put his vision into reality with ABC's first NCAA college football broadcast from Birmingham, Alabama, between Alabama Crimson Tide and the Georgia Bulldogs won by Alabama, 21–6.
That same year, ABC began broadcasting games in the fledgling American Football League and used the same innovative techniques in their broadcasts.
Harry Wismer provided commentary for the game in 1948 game and the game in 1955 joined by Red Grange and Joe Hasel.
Since the game was played in Los Angeles, there was no network telecast of the 1951 NFL Championship Game because at that time there was no way to send live TV programs from the West Coast to the East Coast and vice versa.
In ABC's final year of their initial go around with the National Football League, they added Los Angeles Rams and San Francisco 49ers games (for the Pacific Time Zone affiliates) to go along with their coverage of the Bears and Cardinals.
Wire accounts found in newspaperarchive.com indicated that the Washington-Philadelphia game in Week 2 of the 1953 season, was to have been regionally televised by ABC, but the cables needed for the telecast never arrived.
ABC's relationship with the NFL at this point pretty much ended when CBS began carrying regular season games across its network nationwide in 1956.
The deal called for ABC to broadcast approximately 37 regular season games, the AFL Championship Game and the AFL All-Star Game.
This became the first ever cooperative television plan for professional football, in which the proceeds of the contract were divided equally among member clubs; the National Football League would follow suit in 1961, a move that required Congress to pass the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 to accommodate such collective broadcasting contracts.
In April 1953, Edgar Scherick set out to sell teams rights but instead, only got the Philadelphia Athletics, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox to sign on.
In the rest of the United States, 3 in 4 TV sets in use watched Dizzy Dean and Buddy Blattner (or backup announcers Bill McColgan and Bob Finnegan) call the games for ABC.
In , ABC broadcast the best-of-three playoff series (to decide the National League pennant) between the Milwaukee Braves and Los Angeles Dodgers.
In February 1960, Scherick sold Sports Programs to the American Broadcasting Company for $500,000 in ABC stock, where it became ABC Sports, the sports division of the network.
Despite the production values he brought to NCAA college football, Scherick wanted low-budget (as in inexpensive broadcasting rights) sports programming that could attract and retain an audience.
So in January 1961, Scherick called Arledge into his office, and asked him to attend the annual AAU board of governors meeting.
The two persuaded enough sponsors to advertise, though it took them to the last day of a deadline imposed by ABC programming to do it.
By exploiting the speed of jet transportation and flexibility of videotape, Scherick was able to undercut NBC and CBS's advantages in broadcasting live sporting events.
In that era, with communications nowhere near as universal as they are today, ABC was able to safely record events on videotape for later broadcast without worrying about an audience finding out the results.
Arledge, his colleague Chuck Howard, and Jim McKay (who left CBS for this opportunity) made up the show on a week-by-week basis the first year it was broadcast.
McKay's honest curiosity and reporter's bluntness gave the show an emotional appeal which attracted viewers who might not otherwise watch a sporting event.
Arledge did not gain a formal title as president of ABC Sports until 1968, even though Scherick left his position to assume a position of vice president for programming at ABC in 1964.
On June 9, 1960, the league signed a five-year television contract with ABC, which brought in revenues of approximately $2,125,000 per year for the entire league.
The deal called for ABC to broadcast approximately 37 regular season games, the AFL Championship Game and the AFL All-Star Game.
This became the first ever cooperative television plan for professional football, in which the proceeds of the contract were divided equally among member clubs; the National Football League would follow suit in 1961, a move that required Congress to pass the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 to accommodate such collective broadcasting contracts.
ABC would broadcast AFL games from the league's very first season in 1960 until the 1964 season, when NBC took over as the league's primary network television broadcaster.
So if the Giants and Dodgers were both the road at the same time, ABC still would be able to show a late game.
ABC's deal covered all of the teams except the New York Yankees and Philadelphia Phillies (who had their own television deals) and called for two regionalized games on Saturdays, Independence Day, and Labor Day.
At the end of the season, ABC declined to exercise its $6.5 million option for , citing poor ratings, especially in New York.
Therefore, ABC could show the Cubs vs. the Cardinals in the New York market, yet the Mets would still kill them in terms of viewership.
Also on the network's announcing team were pregame host Howard Cosell and color commentators Leo Durocher, Tommy Henrich, Warren Spahn (who worked with Chris Schenkel on a July 17 Baltimore-Detroit contest), and Hall of Fame Brooklyn Dodger great Jackie Robinson (who, on April 17, 1965, became the first black network broadcaster for Major League Baseball).
On December 15, 1973, ABC aired what is considered to be the first telecast of a regular season college basketball game by a major broadcast network (between UCLA and North Carolina State in St. Louis).
ABC (which had recently lost the NBA rights to CBS) televised this game using its former NBA announcing crew of Keith Jackson and Bill Russell.
Chesley (who controlled the rights to the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) at the time) wanted NBC to televise select ACC games as part of its national package as it had done the previous few years.
The game, called by Jim Lampley and Bill Russell, marked the first time Duke University's Blue Devils basketball team played on national television.
Prior to the debut of the PBA on ABC television in 1962, most tournaments were organized where, once the cut was established after qualifying rounds, a set number of match-play games were bowled, and bonus pins were given to the winner of each match.
The televised finals would be cut to the top four bowlers after match-play, and then three round-robin matches between the fourth, third and second-seeded bowlers would determine the final two bowlers.
If any bowler were to win both of his matches in the round-robin, he would go on to face the tournament leader.
If the three bowlers each split their matches to go 1 and 1 in the round-robin, total pinfall would decide which man would advance to the final match to face the tournament leader.
The search for his replacement included bowling legends Dick Weber and Dave Davis, but it was the young Nelson Burton Jr. who was ultimately selected for the analyst job in 1975.
Meanwhile, ABC first signed a deal with the National Basketball Association to become the league's primary television partner in 1964; the network's first game telecast aired on January 3, 1965 (a game between the Boston Celtics and Cincinnati Royals).
This meant that ABC did not have to televise a potential NBA Finals deciding game if it were played on a weeknight.
The following season, ABC aired the 1970 NBA Finals in its entirety, making it the first Finals series to have all games televised nationally.
To put things into proper perspective, in 1969, Major League Baseball's television contract with NBC was worth $16.5 million while the National Football League cost CBS about $22 million.
What that meant is that ABC had made a bargain in purchasing the television rights to the NBA, considering the league's steady ratings.
To give you a better idea, ABC's ratings for the NBA rose from a 6.0 in 1965 to an 8.2 in 1968.
ABC was by this time, coming increasingly under fire for what perceived to be a less than spectacular presentation of the NBA.
Deford felt that ABC was making a mistake in trying to cover the NBA the same way that they covered a football game, because they were two different games.
On that end, Deford wrote that neither ABC's announcers nor cameras were able to isolate the important phases of the game.
Meanwhile, Deford also criticized play-by-play man Chris Schenkel his failure to appreciate the nuances of the game and their halftime shows, which Deford saw not innovative or imaginative.
ABC lost the broadcast rights to the NBA to CBS after the 1972–73 season, with the network's initial tenure with the league ending with its last NBA Finals game on May 10, 1973.
The show has its roots in a 20-minute segment depicting Curt Gowdy and Joe Brooks fly fishing in the Andes Mountains in Argentina in 1964.
ABC would present filmed highlights involving the program's hosts and celebrities participating in hunting and/or fishing trips along with outdoor recreational activities such as whitewater kayaking, hang gliding and free climbing.
This was essentially the television plan that stayed in place until the University of Oklahoma and the University of Georgia filed a lawsuit against the NCAA in 1981, alleging antitrust violations.
ABC announced the entire 1966 TV schedule in June with 8 national games and 24 regional games for a total of 15 broadcast windows.
In 1966, the NCAA allowed each school to appear on ABC for at most one national telecast and one regional telecast.
However, ABC got approval from the NCAA to show this game on tape delay in the late timeslot in the regions of the country which got Kentucky-Tennessee in the early timeslot.
However, there was an NABET strike of engineers and technicians which AFTRA was supporting and this duo (members of AFTRA) refused to work the game.
While CBS aired both the 1960 Winter and Summer Games (marking the first time that the Olympics were broadcast on American television), by 1964, a different network showed the Winter Games: ABC.
The 1964 Winter Games were in Innsbruck, Austria, and coverage was taped and flown by plane back to the United States.
All of it was in black-and-white, but with most Winter Olympic events in the morning (local time), most TV coverage aired the day the events were held.
A portion of the Closing Ceremony was televised live via satellite (Telstar, which had to be tracked and allowed about a 15-minute window between the U.S. and Europe when it was zooming over the Atlantic).
If a flight was canceled, ABC had a tape of a U.S.-Romania hockey game, played the day before the Opening Ceremony and shipped over, ready to play.
By 1968, ABC was broadcasting the Olympics in full color, and satellites made possible live coverage of several events at the Winter Games in Grenoble, France and of nearly all of the network's coverage of the Summer Games in Mexico City.
In reality, only the Opening Ceremony and the ladies figure skating final were televised live via satellite; most other coverage was satellited to ABC and run off tape from New York.
The 1968 Winter Olympics were the first to be televised in color (except for a couple of events the French fed in black-and-white).
Highlighting the 1968 Winter Games was a dramatic sweep in men's alpine skiing by Frenchman Jean-Claude Killy, while the major highlight of the Summer Games was a world-record long jump by Bob Beamon of the United States, which happened to air live in the US.
An early bid by the league in 1964 to play on Friday nights was soundly defeated, with critics charging that such telecasts would damage the attendance at high school football games.
Undaunted, Rozelle decided to experiment with the concept of playing on Monday night, scheduling the Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions for a game on September 28, 1964.
While the game was not televised, it drew a sellout crowd of 59,203 spectators to Tiger Stadium, the largest crowd ever to watch a professional football game in Detroit up to that point.
Two years later, Rozelle would build on this success as the NFL began a four-year experiment of playing on Monday night, scheduling one game in prime time on CBS during the 1966 and 1967 seasons, and two contests during each of the next two years.
During subsequent negotiations on a new television contract that would begin in 1970 (coinciding with a merger between the NFL and AFL), Rozelle concentrated on signing a weekly Monday night deal with one of the three major networks.
Despite the network's status at the time as the lowest-rated of the three major broadcast networks, ABC was also reluctant to enter the risky venture.
It was only after Rozelle used the threat of signing a deal with the independent Hughes Sports Network, an entity bankrolled by reclusive businessman Howard Hughes, did ABC sign a contract for the scheduled games.
Speculation was that had Rozelle signed with Hughes, many ABC affiliates would have pre-empted the network's Monday lineup in favor of the games, severely damaging potential ratings.
Arledge also ordered twice the usual number of cameras to cover the game, expanded the regular two-man broadcasting booth to three, and used extensive graphic design within the show as well as instant replay.
Looking for a lightning rod to garner attention, Arledge hired controversial New York City sportscaster Howard Cosell as a commentator, along with veteran football play-by-play announcer Keith Jackson.
Jack Buck was also considered, but when Arledge assistant Chuck Howard telephoned Buck with the job offer, Buck refused to respond due to anger at his treatment by ABC during an earlier stint with the network.
Arledge's original choice for the third member of the trio, Frank Gifford, was unavailable since he was still under contract to CBS Sports.
However, Gifford suggested former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Don Meredith, setting the stage for years of fireworks between the often-pompous Cosell and the laid-back Meredith.
Advertisers were charged US$65,000 per minute by ABC during the clash, a cost that proved to be a bargain when the contest collected 33% of the viewing audience.
The Browns defeated the Jets, 31-21 in a game which featured a 94-yard kickoff return for a touchdown by the Browns' Homer Jones to open the second half, and was punctuated when Billy Andrews intercepted Joe Namath late in the fourth quarter and returned it 25 yards for the clinching touchdown.
However, Cleveland viewers saw different programming on WEWS-TV, because of the NFL's blackout rules of the time (this would apply for all games through the end of the 1972 season; beginning in 1973, home games could be televised if tickets were sold out 72 hours before kickoff).
In 1971, Frank Gifford became available after his contract with CBS Sports concluded; Arledge brought him to ABC to serve as play-by-play announcer, replacing Jackson (who returned to broadcasting college football for the network, which he continued to do for the next 35 seasons).
In 1972, NBC showed the Winter Games from Sapporo, Japan, then ABC returned to carry the Summer Games in Munich, Germany.
Although Chris Schenkel was the actual host of the Games that year, Arledge assigned the story to McKay largely because he was a local news anchor in Baltimore, Maryland prior to joining CBS (and later ABC).
McKay was joined on set by ABC news correspondent (and former and future evening news anchor) Peter Jennings, and coverage continued for many hours, until the outcome was known.
By the time the 1976 edition of the Winter Games came around, McKay was now installed at the host, a role he would play throughout the 1970s and '80s.
Brief taped highlights of the start and early segments were shown, then ABC joined the race live already in progress, picking up approximately the last 90 minutes of the race.
The 1976 race was held on the same day of the final day of competition in the Winter Olympics (also broadcast on ABC).
ABC carried 30 minutes of live coverage of the start of the race, then switched to the Olympics for 90 minutes to carry taped coverage of the final two competitive events (a cross-country ski race and the final runs in the bobsled), held earlier that day.
The last of its 265 Cup telecasts (that number includes some on ABC Sports) was the 2000 Atlanta fall race (now the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500).
ABC often had only one or two games to pick from for each telecast from a schedule designed by Major League Baseball.
While trying to give all of the teams national exposure, ABC ended up with far too many games between sub .500 clubs from small markets.
Prince disclosed to his broadcasting partner Jim Woods about his early worries about calling a network series for the first time.
Prince for one, didn't have as much creative control over the broadcasts on ABC as he did calling Pittsburgh Pirates games on KDKA radio.
ABC's coverage for such things as its camera work (they often followed fly balls like they did golf shots, keeping the focus on the ball) and its choice of announcers: Bob Prince was accused of a National League bias, while Bob Uecker was considered to be just a Don Meredith clone.
Bob Prince was gone by the fall of 1976, with Keith Jackson, Howard Cosell, and guest analyst Reggie Jackson calling that year's American League Championship Series.
MLB commissioner Bowie Kuhn strongly objected to ABC's recruitment of Howard Cosell because of comments by Cosell in recent years about how dull baseball had become.
But Roone Arledge held the trump card as the contract he had signed with Major League Baseball gave ABC the final say over announcers.
In 1979, ABC Sports began covering the NASL in a deal that called for 9 telecasts of league games, including the playoffs and Soccer Bowl.
The deal with ABC to broadcast NASL matches was also lost in 1980, and the 1981 Soccer Bowl was only shown on tape delay.
The United States team, made up of amateur and collegiate players and led by coach Herb Brooks, defeated the Soviet team, which consisted of veteran professional players with significant experience in international play.
The rest of the United States (except those who watched the game live on Canadian television) had to wait to see the game, as ABC decided to broadcast the late-afternoon game on tape delay in prime time.
During the broadcast wrap-up after the game, ABC Olympic sports anchor Jim McKay compared the American victory over the Soviet professionals to a group of Canadian college football players defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers (the recent Super Bowl champions and at the height of their dynasty).
On the evening of December 8, 1980, English musician John Lennon, formerly of the Beatles, was fatally shot in the archway of the Dakota, his residence in New York City.
As the Patriots tried to put themselves in position for a field goal, Arledge informed Frank Gifford and Howard Cosell of the shooting and suggested that they be the ones to report on the murder.
He made news and covered topics that were not part of general sports coverage - including the first story about drugs in professional sports (the story of former Minnesota Viking Carl Eller's cocaine use), an in-depth look at how NFL owners negotiated tax breaks and incentives for building new stadiums, and together with Arthur Ashe, an investigation into apartheid and sports.
Though ratings were low, Cosell and his staff earned three Emmy Awards for excellence in reporting, and broke new ground in sports journalism.
To produce this pioneering program, Cosell recruited a number of employees from outside the ranks of those that produced games, who he felt might be too invested in the success of the athletes and leagues to look at the hard news.
She took her junior year off to join Cosell's staff at ABC Headquarters in New York City, and produced many segments, including in 1983 a half-hour special report previewing the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.
Despite the games being one of ABC's biggest investments, with a record-breaking 225 million dollar rights fee at the time, the 30-minute documentary-style program produced by Denny showed many sides of the questions about the viability of the Games themselves - from concerns about traffic, pollution and terrorism, to a look at how the sponsorship deals were structured.
In 1975, Jim McKay and Dave Marr became the lead broadcast team, while Bob Rosburg joined the network as the first ever on-course reporter, and Peter Alliss joined as a co-anchor.
The broadcast operated using anchor teams, in which an anchor and an analyst would call all of the action from the tower at the 18th hole, and the teams would be rotated on coverage after about a half-hour.
Meanwhile, the three on-course reporters, which included Judy Rankin and Ed Sneed in addition to Rosburg, would be utilized when prompted by the anchor team.
After his 1986 Masters win, Jack Nicklaus would appear on ABC after the end of his round and served as an analyst for the rest of the telecast.
The Los Angeles Express and New Jersey Generals played in the primary regional televised USFL game, with the Express winning, 20-15.
The coverage was nonetheless quite low for a Big Three television network, with a June 17 prime-time regular season game between Chicago and Birmingham finishing as the lowest-rated prime time broadcast of the week, with a 4.8 rating.
By this point, the league had driven out most of the owners who would have been willing to accept those terms.
The owners in the league walked away from what averaged out to $67 million per year starting in 1986 to pursue their big picture—merger with the NFL.
In June 1984, a US Supreme Court ruling ended the control that the NCAA had exercised on televised college football and allowed individual colleges to make their own TV deals.
CBS obtained rights to Big 10 and Pac 10 home games while ABC obtained rights to the College Football Association (essentially home games for all schools other than the B10 and P10).
CBS and ABC typically carried only 1-2 games per time slot rather than the frequent large slates of regional games in prior years.
Cosell noted that Garrett's small stature, and not his race, was the basis for his comment, citing the fact that he had used the term to describe his grandchildren.
Coincidentally, he was replaced for the 1985 World Series broadcast by Tim McCarver, himself a former baseball player, to join Al Michaels and Jim Palmer.
As a result of the 1982 television contract signed by the NFL with the three networks, this game was the first Super Bowl to be televised in the United States by ABC, as they earned their first turn at the Super Bowl, with a new alternation process started for the 1983 game.
Frank Gifford was the play-by-play announcer, while then-ABC Sports analyst Don Meredith and then-Washington Redskins quarterback Joe Theismann served as color commentators.
Al Michaels and Jim Lampley hosted the pregame (2 hours), halftime, and postgame (Lampley presided over the Vince Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremony) coverage for ABC.
Also helping out with ABC's coverage were Jack Whitaker, Dick Schaap, Donna de Varona, Ray Gandolf, and ABC News reporters Stone Phillips, Jeff Greenfield, Judd Rose, and Bill Redeker.
This would be the only ABC Super Bowl for Gifford as play-by-play announcer, the final game for Don Meredith and the second (and last) time a commentator for the Super Bowl (Theismann) was an active player (Jack Kemp in Super Bowl II was the only other active player to provide commentary).
Later telecasts included live introductions at the top and bottom of the broadcast, with the closing segment sometimes an interview with the race winner, which by that time, had been revealed to the viewers.
During this period, the announcers' commentary at both the start and finish of the race were recorded as those events transpired.
However, the commentary of the middle parts of the race was semi-scripted, and recorded in post-production, and edited into the broadcast as it was being aired.
In the Indianapolis market, as well as other parts of Indiana, the live telecast is blacked out and shown tape delayed to encourage live attendance.
On March 21, 2018, NBC Sports announced that it had acquired the television rights to the IndyCar Series (after previously serving as cable rightsholder through NBCSN or CNBC for races not aired by ABC), replacing the package of races on ABC with a package of eight races on NBC, including the Indianapolis 500 (ending ABC's 54-year tenure as broadcaster of the event).
CBS Sports, which showed the other two races, had much lower ratings for them, with the possible exceptions of years in which the Crown was at stake like 1973, 1977, and 1978.
Also in 1986, when Al Michaels became unavailable because he was calling Major League Baseball's League Championship Series, Frank Gifford moved up into the play-by-play spot while Lynn Swann or O.J.
Gifford would once again call the play-by-play when Michaels was busy calling the World Series in 1987 and 1989 and the National League Championship Series in 1988.
In 1987, Gifford and Michaels were joined by Dan Dierdorf, returning the series to its original concept of three announcers in the booth.
By 1991 (around the time NBC was phasing out their own college basketball coverage), ABC ramped up its basketball coverage in an effort to fill the void.
As a result, the network also started to cover games focusing on teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Otherwise, it was essentially, a considerable hodge-podge with an ACC game one week, or a Pac-10 or Big 10 game the next.
The games that were broadcast were a hodge-podge of conference matchups even after the ESPN on ABC brand change, with SEC and Big East match-ups occasionally being shown alongside frequent ACC, Big 12 and Pac-10 match-ups.
ABC's early regular season broadcasts were, for the most part, technically time buys from organizations such as Raycom (particularly, around 1990–91) or sister network ESPN.
This in return, was a way to avoid union contracts which require that 100% of network shows had to use crew staff who were network union members.
In the 1987–88 season, ABC did not air any college basketball games during the last three weekends of February due to the network's coverage of the Winter Olympics.
As previously mentioned, coverage by ABC steadily increased during the early 1990s; by the 1991–92 season, ABC was carrying regional games in many timeslots on Saturday and Sunday afternoons.
The Calgary Winter Olympics were the first winter games to earn a significant television revenue base; where the 1980 Lake Placid Games generated only US$20.7 million worldwide, OCO'88 generated $324.9 million in broadcast rights.
The overwhelming majority of television revenues came from the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), which agreed in 1984 to pay $309 million for American television rights, over three times the $91.5 million it paid for the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo.
The deal, at the time the highest amount ever paid for a sporting event, allowed organizers to announce the Games would be debt-free.
Premier events, including ice hockey and figure skating, were scheduled for prime time and the Games were lengthened to 16 days from the previous 12 to ensure three weekends of coverage.
ABC lost an estimated $60 million, and broadcast rights to the 1992 Winter Olympics were later sold to the CBS network for $243 million, a 20% reduction compared to Calgary.
The network, at the insistence of new owner Capital Cities Communications (much to the chagrin of Roone Arledge's successor at ABC Sports, Dennis Swanson), opted not to bid for the rights to show any future Games.
Subsequently, The Walt Disney Company acquired Capital Cities-ABC in 1995 and began the process of putting more effort into the branding of ABC's sports channel ESPN than of ABC Sports itself.
After ABC lost the Major League Baseball package to CBS, they aggressively counterprogrammed CBS' postseason baseball coverage (like NBC) with made-for-TV movies and miniseries geared towards female viewers.
Game 3 of the 1989 World Series (initially scheduled for October 17) was delayed by ten days due to the Loma Prieta earthquake.
Michaels had to pickup a POTS phone in the press booth (phones work off a separate power supply) and call ABC headquarters in New York, at which point they put him back on the air.
ABC's play-by-play man, Al Michaels (who was familiar with the San Francisco Bay Area dating back to his days working for the San Francisco Giants from 1974-1976) then proceeded to relay reports to Ted Koppel at ABC News' headquarters in Washington, D.C. Al Michaels was ultimately nominated for an Emmy for his on-site reporting at the World Series.
In 1991, ABC acquired the rights to the CFA from CBS in addition to the B10/P10 and went back to televising several regional games in many timeslots.
1992 was the first year that ABC made most of its regional games available via pay-per-view (similar to what became known as ESPN GamePlan).
In 2005, the network lost rights to most of the BCS games, including the BCS National Championship Game, to Fox beginning with the 2006-07 series, in a deal worth close to $20 million per game.
Although due to a separate arrangement with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association, ABC retained the broadcast rights to events in the series that were held at the Rose Bowl stadium, such as the Rose Bowl Game and the 2010 BCS Championship.
Keith Jackson, who was supposed to retire after the 1998 season, stayed with the network until 2005, in which he announced games televised primarily from the West Coast, where he was based; Jackson's last broadcast with the network was the 2006 Rose Bowl.
In 1999, as Jackson reduced his schedule, ABC began the year with the team of Jackson and Bob Griese intact – albeit not as the lead announcing team, as they almost exclusively handled action from Pac-10 Conference teams; Brent Musburger and Dan Fouts returned, as did the longtime tandem of Brad Nessler and Gary Danielson.
In 1992, ABC announced plans to counterprogram the Winter Olympics on CBS with boxing, a sport at that point, seldom seen on network television.
ABC proceeded to forgo the typical $300,000 rights fees of the prior year, and instead, set a $75,000 limit and scheduled three consecutive Saturdays of action.
After a four-year-long hiatus (when CBS exclusively carried the over-the-air Major League Baseball television rights), ABC returned to baseball in (again, alongside NBC) .
Under a six-year plan, Major League Baseball was intended to receive 85% of the first $140 million in advertising revenue (or 87.5% of advertising revenues and corporate sponsorship from the games until sales top a specified level), 50% of the next $30 million, and 80% of any additional money.
Prior to this, Major League Baseball was projected to take a projected 55% cut in rights fees and receive a typical rights fee from the networks.
After NBC was finished with their post-1994 All-Star Game six-week baseball coverage, ABC (with a reunited Al Michaels, Tim McCarver, and Jim Palmer as the primary crew) then picked up where NBC left off by televising six more regular season games.
Joining the team of Michaels, McCarver, and Palmer was Lesley Visser, who served as the lead field reporter for the CBS' baseball coverage from 1990-1993.
In even-numbered years, NBC had the rights to the All-Star Game and both League Championship Series while ABC had the World Series and newly created Division Series.
The long term plans for The Baseball Network crumbled when the players went on strike on August 12, 1994 (thus forcing the cancellation of the World Series).
In July 1995, ABC and NBC, who wound up having to share the duties of televising the 1995 World Series as a way to recoup (with ABC broadcasting Games 1, 4, and 5 and NBC broadcasting Games 2, 3, and 6), announced that they were opting out of their agreement with Major League Baseball.
Both networks figured that as the delayed baseball season opened without a labor agreement, there was no guarantee against another strike.
The reported cost of the contracts varied – the L.A. Times said that ABC had paid $28m for two years, and USA $25m.
The ABC coverage's average ratings fell from 1991 to 1992, from around 2.1 to 1.7, and USA's from 1.2 to 1.1.
Major League Soccer with ESPN and ABC Sports announced the league's first television rights deal on March 15, 1994, without any players, coaches, or teams in place.
The three-year agreement covered English-language broadcasting for the 1996–1998 seasons, and committed 10 games on ESPN, 25 on ESPN2, and the MLS Cup on ABC.
During this period, ABC acquired the rights to several non-major PGA Tour events, mostly important events such as The Memorial Tournament and The Tour Championship.
In 1992, Brent Musburger, who had been heavily criticized for his hosting of golf coverage while with CBS, took over as host.
Marr was dismissed from the network, while Twibell was reassigned to ESPN's golf coverage, although he occasionally hosted on ABC for a few lower-level tournaments.
Beyond the team in the booth, all of ABC's other voices were on the course, including Rankin, Rosburg and newcomer Mark Rolfing.
After facing much criticism for its golf coverage, especially Jack Nicklaus' involvement and Musburger's perceived lack of knowledge of the game, ABC decided to completely overhaul its visual presentation, becoming more in line with cable partner ESPN, while changing the format for its coverage to be more of the standard in line with the other networks, featuring a lead anchor team, announcers assigned to individual holes, and on-course reporters.
Steve Melnyk, Peter Alliss and Ian Baker-Finch became hole announcers, while Bob Rosburg, Judy Rankin and Rolfing were the primary on-course reporters.
ABC continued its renewed commitment to golf when it reached a new television contract in 1999 in which the network gained the broadcast rights to many events, including the entire fall PGA Tour season and two of the new World Golf Championships events.
ABC partnered with ESPN on much of its coverage, with ESPN carrying the early rounds of tournament events that ABC broadcast, in addition to those that were part of the cable channel's own schedule; the ABC team would work the cable telecasts in these cases.
Monday Night Golf proved to be an initial success, drawing more viewers than the final round of the U.S. Open, and being second only to the final round of the Masters Tournament in terms of golf broadcasts.
Ratings increased significantly for the second match, but they declined rapidly after that, and the event was initially cancelled after the 2005 edition, with Woods also wishing to take a break from the event.
Although the Professional Bowlers Tour maintained high ratings throughout most of its years, ABC (which was transitioning to new management after being purchased by The Walt Disney Company in 1996) opted against renewing its contract with the PBA primarily due to the overall decline of the sport in the late 1980s and 1990s.
This was partially attributed to the explosion of sports viewing choices in the 1990s, especially on cable television, the lack of any one bowling star to follow, and an aging audience for televised bowling.
It was a very emotional broadcast in which Williams Jr. and Pete Weber, the game's two giants at the time, battled it out until the very end.
Despite leaving the booth, Frank Gifford stayed on one more year as a special contributor to the pre-game show, usually presenting a single segment.
In the and seasons, ABC televised six weekly regional telecasts on Sunday afternoons beginning in March (or the last three Sundays of the regular season).
This marked the first time that regular season National Hockey League games were broadcast on American network television since (when NBC was the NHL's American broadcast television partner).
The network did not televise the Stanley Cup Finals, which instead, were televised nationally by ESPN and by Prime Ticket in Los Angeles () and MSG Network in New York ().
In other words, ABC would sell three-hour blocks of airtime to ESPN, which in return, would produce, supply broadcasters and sell advertising.
In August 1998, ABC, ESPN and ESPN2 signed a five-year television deal with the NHL, worth a total of approximately US$600 million (or $120 million per year).
The $120 million per year that ABC and ESPN paid for rights dwarfed the $5.5 million that the NHL received from American national broadcasts in the 1991–92 season.
Following the 2003–04 season, ESPN was only willing to renew its contract for two additional years at $60 million per year.
ABC refused to televise the Stanley Cup Finals in prime time, suggesting that the Finals games it would telecast be played on weekend afternoons (including a potential Game 7).
Disney executives later conceded that they overpaid for the 1999–2004 deal, so the company's offer to renew the television rights was lower in 2004.
ABC's final boxing card occurred on June 17, 2000 with José Luis Castillo upsetting Stevie Johnston in the lightweight championship bout in Bell Gardens, California.
Seven years after ABC's last boxing card, they were scheduled to broadcast a card from Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on April 22, 2007.
Promoter Joe DeGuardia of Star Boxing had been working on the time buy deal (in other words, DeGuardia was not paid a licensing fee by ABC, but rather bought an hour of time from the network).
The negotiations were closely watched by those in the business world, as it was the first time that a major sports league crafted a television deal in the new economic environment since the September 11 terrorist attacks a few months before.
Declining ratings for NBC's NBA game telecasts had already led many to believe that the NBA's next television rights fee would be lower than previous years, and the economic recession made that a likely scenario.
Had the NBA agreed to the network's offer, it would have been the first sports league to experience a decline in rights fees.
However, the NBA rejected NBC's offer and after the network's exclusive negotiating period with the league expired, ABC and ESPN stepped in.
On January 22, 2002, the NBA signed a six-year deal with The Walt Disney Company and Turner Sports, which renewed an existing deal with TNT and allowed ABC and ESPN to acquire the rights to air the league's games.
In June 2007, and again in October 2014, the NBA renewed its television agreement with ESPN, as well as TNT, with the current contract extending through the 2024–25 season.
The NFL also indicated that it wanted Sunday night to be the new night for its marquee game, because more people tend to watch television on Sundays, and games held on that night would be more conducive to flexible scheduling, a method by which some of the NFL's best games could be moved from the afternoon to the evening on Sunday on short notice.
However, ESPN's ability to collect subscription fees from cable and satellite providers, in addition to selling commercials, made it more likely that ESPN could turn a profit on NFL telecasts, as opposed to ABC's heavy losses.
Patriots linebacker Mike Vrabel set a record of note during that last ABC telecast, becoming the first player to catch two touchdown passes and record a quarterback sack in the same game.
The Nabisco shares were later sold to the Hearst Corporation, which still holds a 20% ownership stake in the channel today.
In May 1985, ABC was purchased by Capital Cities Communications in a $3.5 billion deal that was finalized in February 1986.
In February 1996, The Walt Disney Company purchased Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion, and assumed the latter company's 80% stake in ESPN at that time.
Despite it technically being a joint venture, for all intents and purposes, ESPN operates as a division of Disney as a result of the company's controlling interest (as it was with ABC and Capital Cities before it).
In August 2006, ESPN announced that ABC Sports would be fully integrated into ESPN, using the channel's graphics and music for its sports presentations, in addition to handling production responsibilities for the ABC sports telecasts.
The last live sporting event televised under the ABC Sports banner was the U.S. Championship Game of the Little League World Series on August 26, 2006 (ABC was slated to carry the Little League World Series Championship Game on August 27, but the game was postponed to August 28 due to rain, and subsequently aired on ESPN2).
The changeover took effect the following weekend to coincide with the start of the college football season, with NBA, IndyCar Series and NASCAR coverage eventually following suit.
In addition, ABC itself maintains the copyright over many of the ESPN-branded broadcasts, if they are not contractually assigned to the applicable league or organizer.
Equally, other Hearst-owned stations affiliated with other networks (such as NBC affiliate WBAL-TV in Baltimore) have been able to air NFL games from ESPN for the same reason.
One such example is NASCAR: from 2007 to 2009, ABC aired all of the Chase for the NASCAR Sprint Cup races, along with the penultimate race to the chase.
From 2010 to 2014, ABC only broadcast three Sprint Cup races with only one Chase race (held in Charlotte, North Carolina) to the outrage of many NASCAR fans and sponsors.
Several other events such as the Rose Bowl, the Citrus Bowl and The Open Championship, have also been moved from ABC to ESPN.
This, however, is not entirely the fault of ESPN, as ABC in general has attracted a primarily female viewership in recent years, with sports largely attracting a male-dominated audience.
Also, with the rise of the Internet and 24/7 mobile applications and streaming services specializing in sports news have completely eliminated the need for a traditional anthology sports program airing on broadcast television (including ABC) during weekend afternoons.
It also eliminated the need for a separate Sunday afternoon block on ABC which had seen a long decline until January 2016.
In December 1984 Amoseas sign in contract with Pertamina and PLN, they build up geothermal power stations 330 MW capacity, inside a 56,650 hectare region in Darajat, West Java.
The film follows the personal and professional lives of members from the China Rescue & Salvage of the Chinese Ministry of Transport.
The film was scheduled to the released in China on 25 January 2020, but was withdrawn due to 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The lake, although geographically smaller than the current Lake Huron, was fed from a large Lake Chippewa watershed that included the basin of what is now Lake Michigan.
During this period, the water from Lake Stanley drained through an outlet or outlets adjacent to what is now North Bay, Ontario.
The 2009 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns baseball team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2009 NCAA Division I baseball season.
The lac Bazile is a body of water on the hydrographic side of the Petit Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Mont-Élie, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality of the administrative region Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Bazile Lake is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Henjunaha-Lairoulembi (or simply Henjunaha) is a legendary epic love saga, of Moirang Shayon, and the second incarnation of the Lord and his divine Lady in erstwhile ancient kingdom of Moirang.
The saga accounts for the love between Henjunaha, a hero in Kanglei mythology and Lairoulembi, an innocent lady, who were in love affair with each other.
However, fate predicts their departure with the murder of Henjunaha by the evils and suicide of Lairoulembi after the knowledge of her beloved's death.
Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 2020 season is the club's 90th year of existence, the 67th year in professional football, and the 59th in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.
The Red August (), originally meaning the August of 1966 of the Cultural Revolution, is also used to indicate a series of massacres in Beijing which mainly took place during the period.
According to the official statistics in 1980, from August to September in 1966, a total of 1,772 people—including teachers and principals of many schools—were killed in Beijing by Red Guards; in addition, 33,695 homes were ransacked and 85,196 families were forced to leave the city.
The oldest killed during the Daxing Massacre was 80 years old, while the youngest was only 38 days old; 22 families were wiped out.
Scholars have also pointed out that, according to the official statistics in 1985, the actual death toll during the Red August was over 10,000.
On August 18, 1966, Mao Zedong met with Song Binbin, a leader of the Red Guards, on Tiananmen of Beijing, which greatly encouraged the Red Guards who then started their massive killing in the city.
Methods of slaughter during the Red August included beating, whipping, suffocating, trampling, boiling, beheading and so on; in particular, the method used to kill most infants and children were knocking them against the ground or slicing them in halves.
During the massacres, Mao Zedong publicly opposed any government intervention to the student movement, and Xie Fuzhi, the Minister of Ministry of Public Security, also ordered to protect the Red Guards and not arrest them.
However, things had grown out of control by the end of August 1966, forcing the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Chinese government to take multiple interventions, which gradually brought the massacre to an end.
The Red August of Beijing is regarded as the origin of the Red Terror of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, influencing the Red Guards' movement in multiple cities including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Xiamen, where local political leaders, intellectuals, teachers and people of Five Black Categories were persecuted and killed by the Red Guards.
The Red August along with the following massacres across China during the Cultural Revolution has also been compared to the Nanjing Massacre made by the Japanese military during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
In the early 1920s she wrote the words for a series of part songs composed by Florence E. Axtens for use in schools.
For the technical challenge set by Sue, the bakers had one hour and thirty minutes to bake an upside-down pineapple cake.
For the signature challenge, the bakers had to bake 12 identical slices with three components in one hour and thirty minutes.
For the technical challenge set by Sue, the bakers had one hour and thirty minutes to bake a raspberry chocolate roulade in the shape of a tree branch.
For the signature challenge, the bakers had to bake a pavlova with a layer of curd, an element of whipped cream, and at least three layers in two hours and thirty minutes.
For the technical challenge set by Dean, the bakers had two hours to bake two four-strand braided challah loaves as well as a homemade lemon surd and butter.
For the signature challenge, the bakers had to bake 12 scones, 6 sweet and 6 savoury, in one hour and thirty minutes.
For the showstopper challenge, the bakers had to bake and construct a biscuit landmark, with a personal connection to the baker, in three hours and thirty minutes.
For the signature challenge, the bakers had to bake 12 breakfast pastries, 6 sweet and 6 savoury, in two hours and thirty minutes.
For the showstopper challenge, the bakers had three hours to bake a chocolate cake with at least two layers, white, milk and dark chocolate, and tempered chocolate decorations.
For the showstopper challenge, the bakers had to bake an illusion cake, which had to resemble an item taken to a picnic, in five hours.
Miguel San Román Ferrándiz (born 14 July 1997) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Elche CF on loan from Atlético Madrid as a goalkeeper.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 20 November 2016, starting in a 1–1 Tercera División home draw against CF Pozuelo de Alarcón.
San Román became a regular starter after the departure of Bernabé Barragán, and renewed his contract until 2021 on 27 March 2018.
San Román made his Elche debut on 17 December 2019, starting in a 2–0 Copa del Rey away defeat of Gimnástica Segoviana CF.
Four days later he made his league debut, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 win at Albacete Balompié as starter Édgar Badía was unavailable.
Michel Bravis, a spy in the Dynize government, must go back to the capital city of Landfall to prevent the enemy of using the power of the unlocked Godstone.
Ben Styke has invaded Dynize, but his fleet scatterd in a storm and he is left with only twenty Mad Lancers.
Her last battle against the Dynize has left Lady Vlora Flint powderblind and emotionally broken, but vengeance keeps her on her feet.
William Simanski (born December 25, 1948) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 62nd district since 2011.
Johnny Wright (February 20, 1930 – June 2, 1988) was a blues musician best known for his recordings with bandleader Ike Turner.
Wright moved to Los Angeles, playing gigs with Ike & Tina Turner as part of the Kings of Rhythm in the early 1960s.
On his own he played at local clubs, sometimes pretending to be Lightning Hopkins and Elmore James when work was slow, since he said that promoters and club owners couldn't always differentiate one black artist from another.
After a bad fall, Wright left his job at the steel mill and worked at Cowan & Cook Florists in Terre Haute, Indiana.
The 2008 Chattanooga Mocs football team represented the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in the 2008 NCAA Division I FCS football season.
They were led by sixth-year head coach Rodney Allison, who was relieved of his coaching duties at the end of the season.
His work is included in the collection of the Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art, the Hickory Museum of Art and the Tate Gallery, London.
Clarissa Barros Assed Matheus de Oliveira (born 2 July 1982) more commonly known as Clarissa Garotinho is a Brazilian politician and journalist.
In January 2016 Garotinho announced that she was engaged to businessman Marcos Altive, and that the couple was expecting their first child.
In 2009 due to controversy surrounding alleged partisan infidelity, Garotinho left the Brazilian Democratic Movement and joined the Party of the Republic.
In 2012 the Garotinho and Maia political families joined to form what was considred by the Brazilian media an unexpected alliance to defeat the then mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes, who was running for reelection.
The coalition between the two families and the PR/DEM parties was headed by Rodrigo Maia, son of former Rio mayor Cesar Maia, and had Clarissa as his vice mayoral candidate.
However the campaign was a failure as Eduardo Paes was comfortably reelected with more than 2 million votes or 64% of the balot, while Maia and Garotinho obtained only 95,328 votes (3% of the balot).
Garotinho did not vote in the impeachment of then-president Dilma Rousseff, as she said she was unable to make it due to her pregnancy.
In November 2016 Garotinho was once again expelled from a political party for partisan infidelity, as she was released from the Party of the Republic for collaborating with politicians from a rival faction in the legislature.
Two years later Garotinho as well as her mother Rosinha were expelled from the PRB due to being investigated for corruption.
She has served as a member of the Swiss National Council and has been the leader of the FDP.The Liberals party since 2016.
At the age of 32, she became the council president and served in that role until 2011, when she was elected to the National Council.
The heads are equipped with a pump-action lever, that can be used to pump sewage into the black water treatment tanks held aboard or into the ocean water.
Above decks was the wheelhouse mounted on the forward cabin's coaming; aft of that, the exposed breezeway; and, mounted on the after cabin's coaming, a Zodiac launch as well as a food locker and barbeque.
In 1954 she was built for the RCN as YFM 314 (Yard Ferry, Man) and served as a harbour ferry boat.
Re-designated as YFP 314 (Yard Ferry, Personnel) in 1960, she was transferred to the Royal Canadian Airforce (RCAF) and renamed M.975 Nimpkish II.
The commemorative chantry chapel at the Towton Battlefield was built to remember the victory of the House of York in the battle of Towton.
The French School in Ljubljana (EFL; ) is a school in Slovenia that caters to students from over 15 nationalities, ranging from 3 to 15 years of age.
Mali Graben, a branch of the Gradaščica River, flows past the neighborhood to the northwest, and the Ljubljanica River lies to the east.
Lalengzama Vangchhia (born 12 November 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
The New Zealand cricket team is scheduled to tour the Netherlands in June 2020 to play a one-off Twenty20 International (T20I) match.
New Zealand are also scheduled to tour Scotland and Ireland in the same month to play One Day International (ODIs) and T20Is.
From its southern end the Deagon Deviation veers west and then north, skirting the western boundary of the Deagon Racecourse and approaching the Gateway Motorway.
It then runs north-north-west, between the Gateway Motorway and the Deagon Wetlands, until the motorway turns west at the Bracken Ridge Road intersection.
Prior to the opening of the Deagon Deviation in 1979 the route from Deagon to the Houghton Highway was via a series of residential streets defined as part of State Route 27.
In 1986, with the opening of the Deagon to Bruce Highway section of the then Gateway Arterial Road, a section of the northbound carriageway was removed, with traffic diverted to the new road.
The two episodes, originally aired back-to-back on USA Network on December 22, 2019, were both written and directed by series creator Sam Esmail.
Its ending, which had been planned from the script's inception, shows Elliot navigating a utopian version of his world with an alternate Elliot.
He returns to the city, where he encounters Angela's parents, Emily and Phillip (the latter still being in Angela's life), who reveal to him that Elliot is marrying Angela the following day.
He goes to the alternate Elliot's apartment and hacks his computer, discovering a hidden drive of sketches of himself, Darlene, and the rest of fsociety.
The alternate Elliot returns home to find the original Elliot at his computer (as depicted at the end of the previous episode).
Initially alarmed, the alternate Elliot explains that the sketches are of a persona he created that would lead an exciting life as a vigilante hacker, the very life the original Elliot lives.
Alternate Elliot gets a call from Angela; hearing her for the first time since her death, the original Elliot decides that he can have the life he always wanted, and kills the alternate Elliot.
However, this persona decided to take over and trapped the real Elliot in the Utopian world, getting rid of Darlene, who is the real Elliot's strongest connection to reality, and Krista explains that the Mastermind must give control back to the real Elliot, but he refuses as the world collapses.
The Mastermind wakes up in the hospital, where Darlene reveals that Whiterose is dead, her machine is destroyed, and that she knew that the Mastermind had taken over.
Based on the script's length, he decided to expand the film into a television show, but the series' ending remained that which he originally envisioned.
The show's writers forewent the initially planned fifth season after storyboarding the episodes between the third season and the double-episode ending Esmail had planned.
Critics praised what they described as the show's risky and successful choice to reveal Elliot's emotions and relationships at the show's core, as opposed to the austere focus on cybersecurity heists for which the show was best known.
The finale became reassurance that when trying to live meaningfully in a hostile world, it's okay to be different from one's self-image by trying to be the best version of oneself.
Critics thought that the finale handled the last plot twist well without alienating viewers, given how the show had led viewers to sympathize with the on-screen Elliot as the personality who deserved autonomy over his body.
Reviewers underscored how the show had become less about hacking and rebellion than about Elliot's life and relationships (i.e., caring for each other).
The first episode at 9:00 pm ET received 464,000 viewers, while the second episode at 10:00 pm ET dropped to 318,000 viewers.
Jafar Mondal (born 25 December 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Churchill Brothers in the I-League.
on 1 December 2019 at Fatorda Stadium, He started and played full match, he kept clean sheet as Churchill Brothers won 3–0.
The Junior Science Olympiad of Canada or JSOC is an examination in science for secondary school students, with one test usually conducted in June and a second test in October.
Organized by Jennifer Pitt-Lainsbury, Marisca Vanderkamp, Maria Niño-Soto, and Andrew Moffat in association with the University of Toronto Schools (UTS), JSOC encompasses material of the grade 12 curriculum for the three sciences.
The Junior Science Olympiad of Canada targets motivated students ages 15 and under intent on exploring science at a higher level.
With curriculum going into grade 11 and 12 science material, the JSOC helps students tackle advanced science and the International Junior Science Olympiad with online supplementary material in biology, chemistry, and physics as well as practical training sessions.
In order to be eligible to attend the JSOC, one must be a Canadian citizen and be 15 years of age or younger as of December 31st of the competition year.
If at any stage the student is found to be not eligible for the exam, they may be disqualified from the program.
Students who wish to compete in the International Junior Science Olympiad (IJSO) on Team Canada must qualify for and write both stages of the JSOC examination in the same year of the competition, as well as meet all IJSO eligibility criteria outlined in the statues of the IJSO.
Students who make the final selection for the Canadian IJSO team should participate in a JSOC practical training camp, which will run in the weeks before the competition.
The Stage I exam, which takes place in April, lasts 2 hours and contains a total of 45 multiple choice questions spread evenly among Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
Part 1 is 1.5 hours long and consists of 30 multiple choice questions, 10 in each field, and Part 2 is 2 hours long and is requires full answers to be given, similar to the theoretical portion of the IJSO.
the second stage, it is necessary that a student scores at-least a Minimum Admissible Score (MAS) which is a variable fraction of the maximum score.
The top 10 students or so, drawing from a combination of demonstrated theoretical skills from Stage I of JSOC are then selected to sit for Stage II.
The top 6 students are then selected to participate in the International Junior Science Olympiad, the next (2020) edition of which will be hosted in Frankfurt, Germany.
After participating as an observer country in the 2017 IJSO, Canada sent its first ever team of 6 contestants to Doha, Qatar, for the 2019 IJSO.
He is a , a two-time Swedish men's champion (1986, 1988) and five-time Swedish mixed champion (1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981).
For the technical challenge set by Sue, the celebrity bakers had one hour and forty-five minutes to bake 12 sweet ginger kisses.
For the showstopper challenge, the celebrity bakers had to bake a 3-D biscuit scene based on a Christmas memory in three hours.
The data is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as on-demand streaming and digital sales of their individual tracks.
The data is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at electronics and department stores, Internet sales (both physical and digital) and verifiable sales from concert venues in the United States.
The multi-metric methodology to compile the Top Latin Albums chart also includes track equivalent album units and streaming equivalent album units.
In partnership with Instagram, Airbnb, Facebook, and Google, the app serves over 4,000 restaurants in over 200 cities with reservations predominantly in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and London.
Resy was co-founded in 2014 by Ben Leventhal, co-founder of Eater.com, Michael Montero, co-founder and former CTO of CrowdTwist, and social-media entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk.
In January 2017 the company raised $13 million from Airbnb, First Data Corporation and earlier investors RSE Ventures and Lerer Hippeau Ventures.
In April 2018, Resy enabled participating restaurants to list their properties on Airbnb through Resy’s booking system and also acquired ClubKviar, a restaurant-booking platform in Spain.
In 2019, American Express acquired Resy and integrated it into its own mobile app as an offering for some rewards card members.
Yarissa began making her videos in July 2015, she uploaded his first video earning his first 1,000 subscribers in less than two months.
As of December 2019, she has more than 3.5 million subscribers on YouTube and ranks second with more subscribers in its country Dominican Republic.
She graduated in 2014 from the Social Communication career with an emphasis in Audiovisual Production, at the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra.
Robert Graham Williams MBE (4 April 1911 – 31 August 1978) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia from 1933 to 1938 and the Australian Services team in 1945.
When he left school he studied at the South Australian School of Mines and Industries, graduating in 1934 as a wool-classer.
A tall fast-medium bowler and useful lower-order batsman, Williams had his best season for South Australia in 1937-38, when he took 24 wickets at an average of 24.20 and made 233 runs at 21.18.
He also recorded his best bowling figures in that season, when he took 6 for 21 against Queensland on Christmas Day 1937.
Warrant-Officer Navigator Williams was taken prisoner in July 1941 after his plane was shot down over Libya, and was released in April 1945.
Despite having lost 31 kilograms during his imprisonment, less than a month after his release Williams was playing cricket for an RAAF team against an Empire XI at Lord's.
He played for services teams throughout the 1945 season, including all five of the Victory Tests between Australian servicemen and England.
aerobic genus that it was first isolated from human epidermal keratinocytes in 2018.It is part of the normal human flora, typically the skin flora.
Hot Country Songs ranks songs based on digital downloads, streaming, and airplay not only from country stations but from stations of all formats, a methodology introduced in 2012.
Country Airplay, which began being published in 2012, is based solely on country radio airplay, a methodology that had previously been used for several decades for Hot Country Songs.
The 2008 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns baseball team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball season.
In basketball, a block (short for blocked shot) occurs when a defender deflects or stops a field goal attempt without committing a foul.
While the NCAA's current three-division format has been in place since the 1973–74 season, the organization did not sponsor women's sports until the 1981–82 school year; before that time, women's college sports were governed by the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW).
Blocks are a relatively new statistic in college basketball, having only become an official statistic in NCAA women's basketball beginning with the 1987–88 season.
All players listed played in four seasons; none were ever redshirted, and none transferred to a second school during their respective careers.
Four schools have two or more players represented on this list—Duke and UConn with three each, and Vanderbilt and Ohio State with two each.
Duke is represented by Alison Bales, Elizabeth Williams, and Bego Faz Davalos; UConn by Breanna Stewart, Lobo, and Kara Wolters; Vanderbilt by Heidi Gillingham and Angela Gorsica; and Ohio State by Jessica Davenport and Brianne Turner.
HD 42936 is a binary star composed of an orange (K-type) main-sequence star and an L-type dwarf star just massive enough to burn hydrogen, located approximately 153 light-years away in the constellation of Mensa, taking its primary name from its Henry Draper Catalogue designation.
In 2019, an analysis carried out by a team of astronomers led by astronomer John R. Barnes of the Dispersed Matter Planet Project (DMPP) confirmed the existence of a super-Earth in orbit around HD 42936 A (DMPP-3).
The heads are equipped with a pump-action lever, that can be used to pump sewage into the black water treatment tanks held aboard or into the ocean water.
Above decks was the wheelhouse mounted on the forward cabin's coaming; aft of that, the exposed breezeway; and, mounted on the after cabin's coaming, a Zodiac launch as well as a food locker and barbeque.
In 1960 she was re-designated as YFP-319 (Yard Ferry, Personnel) and in 1967 she was transferred to Vancouver to serve as a training tender with HMCS Discovery Canadian Forces Naval Reserve Division.
The 3 Million (stylized as: the3million) was established in the United Kingdom as a reaction to the developing Brexit policy landscape in the aftermath of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
The organisation's name is a reference to the estimated number of EU citizens who have moved from another member state to live in the United Kingdom.
The3million positions itself as a group which not only represents and advocates on behalf of EU migrants in the United Kingdom, but which is composed of members of this same population.
At a national level, the organisation works with UK politicians on a range of issues related to migration, and has presented evidence to Migration Advisory Committee's inquiry into Freedom of Movement.
On a local level, in collaboration with regional authorities, the3million has provided information events and support for EU migrants affected by the UK's changing relationship with Europe.
In this regard, the3million has been recognised by the Institute for Government for its involvement as a user group which facilitates interface between the UK government and EU citizen stakeholders.
In July 2019, the3million issued a judicial review challenge to the Data Protection Act 2018's ‘immigration exemption’.This was dismissed by the High Court in October 2019, and has been subsequently appealed.
The3million has also taken legal action concerning EU citizens being allegedly denied their voting rights in the UK's May 2019 European Parliament elections.
The organisation receives support and funding from: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Greater London Authority, International Organization for Migration, The Paul Hamlyn Foundation, NPC, and Unbound.
The organisation is routinely quoted in reference to developments concerning the rights of EU citizens in the UK, particularly regarding the settlement scheme, and has received coverage in Newsweek, Wired, The Independent, Euronews, Huffington Post, and The National, and Business Review.
Noel Marcaida (born December 14, 1980 in Masbate) is a Filipino football coach who last coached for the Kaya F.C.–Iloilo of the Philippines Football League.
Marcaida joined Kaya F.C.–Iloilo in July 2016, then playing in the UFL as Kaya FC, as a goalkeeping coach and assistant to Chris Greatwich.
He led the club in winning the title of the inaugural Copa Paulino Alcantara in 2018 as well as guiding the team to its runner-up finish in both the 2018 and 2019 Philippines Football League seasons.
Mark Jojo Marcaida, the son of Marcaida's cousin who is partially deaf and mute plays for the NU Bulldogs football team.
Spur 101 was designated on May 9, 1940 from SH 259 (now SH 42), 0.25 mile south of the Rusk/Gregg County line to SH 26 (now US 259), 0.25 mile south of the Rusk/Gregg County line as a replacement of SH 277.
On September 29, 1992 Spur 101 was rerouted along Houston Street (former SH 42 and Spur 378); the old route along Woodlawn Street became SH 42.
The next use of the Spur 103 designation was in Tarrant County, from then-SH 121 in Grapevine south along an extension of Main Street to then-proposed SH 114.
The original Spur 104 was designated on May 21, 1940 from SH 14 in Kosse east two blocks along Washington Street to Narcissus Street.
Spur 106 was designated on June 29, 1940 from US 81, along E. Hildebrand Avenue to US 281 near northern San Antonio.
Spur 111 was designated on August 27, 1940 from SH 70 at Spur (moved to Loop 21 in 1942) west to the State Experimental Farm.
The original Spur 114 was designated on August 27, 1940 from US 96 at Woodworth Boulevard and 16th Street in Port Arthur along Woodworth Boulevard to the intersection of Proctor Street and Woodworth Boulevard.
The route was to be signed as US 96 Business, rather than Spur 114, when construction on Spur 114 was completed.
On September 21, 1950 the road was extended along Proctor Street and Houston Avenue (both also signed as US 96 Business) to US 96/SH 87 at 16th Street and Houston Avenue and the route was changed to Loop 114.
Spur 115 was designated on June 4, 1970 on the current route as a replacement of a section of FM 1926.
Three months later the road was extended to US 59 on the other side of New Willard and the route was changed to Loop 116.
On September 26, 1996 Spur 118 became a portion of Loop 118 when it was rerouted onto the spur and the former portion of Loop 118 was removed and returned to the city of Roanoke.
Spur 121 was designated on May 29, 1941 from SH 227 to Terlingua as a replacement of a section of SH 118 (this section was formerly a spur of SH 227 before 1939).
On February 20, 1946 Spur 121 was cancelled: a 0.4 mile portion in Big Bend National Park was turned over to the National Park Service and the remainder was removed from the highway system altogether.
On January 29, 1974 the route was transferred to US 181 and Spur 122 was reassigned to former US 181 from Loop 13 to US 181.
Spur 125 was designated on September 26, 1945 on the current route as a redesignation of Loop 125 when a section was transferred to FM 390.
Spur 126 was designated on September 23, 1941 from US 87 (later Loop 378, now FM 1223) south of San Angelo to a connection with Avenue K in San Angelo.
On March 29, 1988 a 0.1 mile section from FM 388 north to Avenue K was removed from the highway system and returned to the city of San Angelo.
The next use of the Spur 129 designation was in Wise County, from SH 114 in Bridgeport east and north 1.1 miles to SH 24.
Spur 133 was designated on March 12, 1942 from SH 283 at Third and Main Streets in Quanah, west along Third Street to US 287 (now Loop 285) west of Quanah as a redesignation of Loop 133.
On August 31, 1967 a section along Nelson Street to FM 2568 was added, creating a concurrency with SH 283 (now SH 6).
Spur 134 was designated on May 19, 1942 from US 67 west of Mount Pleasant to US 271 (now Business US 271) in the business district of Mount Pleasant.
On July 2, 1964 the route was shortened to end at then-new US 271; the old route was replaced by FM 899 and rerouted US 271.
Although the route maintained a connection to US 271, this was removed in 2012 when US 271 was bypassed around Mount Pleasant.
The original Spur 135 was designated on May 20, 1942 from FM 60 (former SH 230) southeast 1 mile along the southeast side of A & M Airport (now Easterwood Airport) to the center of the airport.
Spur 136 was designated on May 20, 1942 from US 69, 2 miles north of Port Arthur, northeast 5 miles to Port Neches.
On October 15, 1965 a 1.8 mile section from SH 347 to US 69 was removed from the highway system as it was never built.
The next use of the Spur 138 designation was in Denton County, from IH 35 north of Sanger along a former routing of US 77 to IH 35 just south of Sanger.
Spur 140 was designated on April 2, 1969 on the current route as a redesignation of Loop 140 when a section was removed from the highway system.
Spur 146 was designated on May 30, 1951 from US 90A near eastern Gonzales west to US 183 (now Business US 183) in Gonzales along an old routing of US 90A.
Spur 147 was designated on January 18, 1944 from US 69 at Fenton Avenue and Queen Street along Bow Street to a point just east of Palace Avenue.
On May 31, 1965 the road was rerouted and extended east 0.2 mile over a section of FM 14 to US 271.
On July 29, 1965 the road was extended south along old US 96 to new US 96 in Jasper County and the route was changed to Loop 149.
On January 26, 1946 Spur 151 was cancelled and redesignated as SH 75A (now SH 91) as it connected with Oklahoma's OK-75A (now OK-91) at the state line.
Spur 156 was cancelled ten months later and became a portion of FM 80; the extension to the cemetery became a portion of FM 1449 in 1957.
Spur 158 was designated on May 25, 2006 from RM 2338 north to IH 35 as a replacement of a section of Business IH 35-M. On May 31, 2012 the southern terminus was extended north 0.2 mile to IH 35, replacing a section of RM 2338.
Spur 161 was designated on December 12, 1944 from US 69 at Point north 0.5 mile to Point School as well as 0.5 mile south.
Nine months later the section from US 69 south 0.5 mile was cancelled because it was already part of FM 514.
Spur 163 was designated on February 27, 1945 from US 59 and S Main Street along US 59 Business to Houston.
Spur 165 was designated on July 29, 1965 on the current route as a replacement of a section of FM 705.
Spur 171 was designated on January 18, 1946 from US 90 (now Business US 90) in Orange to the DuPont Plant.
On April 18, 1985 a 0.2 mile section along South Street was transferred to SH 90 while Spur 174 was rerouted over old SH 90 along Madison Street to US 190.
The first use of the Spur 178 designation was in Travis County, from 7th Street and Chicon Street in Austin, east crossing Gonzales Street, then southeast to US 290 near SH 29 with a connection to 6th Street.
On January 14, 1949 US 290 was rerouted over all of Spur 178 except for the connection from 7th Street to 6th Street along Pedernales Street.
Spur 178 was cancelled on August 24, 1954 and returned to the city of Austin due to rerouting of US 183.
The next use of the Spur 178 designation was in Hunt County, from SH 11 south of Commerce, west along SH 11 Alternate and north along FM 513 to SH 24 in Commerce, replacing a section of FM 513.
On July 10, 1968 the road was extended west 1.7 miles to then-proposed SH 24 (now SH 224) and north and northwest to SH 24 and the route was changed to Loop 178.
Spur 180 was designated on July 21, 1963 as a replacement of Loop 180 when its southern section was transferred to FM 933.
The next use of the Spur 183 designation was in Polk County, from US 190 to the headquarters of the Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation.
Spur 184 was designated on March 18, 1947 from FM 94 (later FM 2042, now FM 3468), 2 miles west of Childress, to Childress Army Air Field as a replacement of a section of War Highway 16.
Spur 189 was designated on April 30, 1947 from then-approved US 80 (now IH 20) to old US 80 (now FM 18) in Clyde.
Spur 194 was designated on December 10, 1946 from US 290 (now Business IH 10) to a now-defunct stockyard near a railroad crossing.
Spur 195 was designated on September 29, 2016 on the current route as a replacement of a section of FM 543.
The next use of the Spur 195 designation was in Collin County, from FM 455 to CR 206 as a replacement of a section of FM 543.
Spur 197 was designated on September 27, 2012 on the current route as a replacement of a section of Loop 197 when its northern section was removed and returned to Texas City.
The original Spur 197 was designated on October 6, 1943 from FM 50 in Independence west 0.39 mile to Old Baylor University Ruins as a replacement of a section of SH 211.
The original Spur 199 was designated on December 17, 1947 from then approved-US 77 northwest of San Benito south 1.5 miles to Sam Houston Boulevard and Stenger Street in San Benito.
He walked from the then rail-head at Southern Cross to Coolgardie, prospected in various places, mainly at Mount Margaret, and managed several outback mines and batteries.
He eventually settled in Kalgoorlie, where he became a prominent tributer (a miner who works mines under an agreement with the owner for a proportion of the proceeds) and mining engineer.
In 1921, he was largely responsible for making the tributers' case at a Royal Commission into the practice which resulted in legislative reforms.
In 1931, he co-founded the Eastern Goldfields Tributers Association and became the organisation's secretary, in which capacity, in 1932-33, he was heavily involved in a major legal test case which, after being appealed all the way to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, established tributers' right to a half-share in the premium of gold found under tribute arrangements, resulting in substantial financial windfalls for the tributers.
In 1937, he was involved in establishing the Amalgamated Prospectors of Western Australia, serving as its inaugural president until his death.
Elliott was elected to the Legislative Council in 1934, comfortably winning a by-election caused by the death of Edgar Harris after three prior failed attempts (one for the National Labor Party and two for the Nationalist Party).
He died in office at St. John of God Hospital, Kalgoorlie from pneumonia in 1938 and was buried in the Anglican section of Kalgoorlie Cemetery.
Catherine was a prominent Kalgoorlie figure in her own right, having been made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1936 for her community and public health work, and unsuccessfully contested the by-election caused by his death as the endorsed Nationalist candidate.
The 2019–20 Idaho State Bengals men's basketball team represents Idaho State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bengals, led by first-year head coach Ryan Looney, play their home games at Reed Gym in Pocatello, Idaho as members of the Big Sky Conference.
Top Otome Pingpongs Nagoya (トップおとめピンポンズ名古屋), commonly known as Top Nagoya (トップ名古屋), is a Japanese women's professional table tennis club based in Nagoya and playing in the T.League.
Nicholas Sheran Park Disc Golf Course is a public 18-hole disc golf course located in Nicholas Sheran Park, in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
According to Alberta Disc Golf, with a total length of from the blue tees, Nicholas Sheran Park Disc Golf Course is the longest disc golf course in Canada.
As the home course of the Bridge City Gunners Disc Golf Club, the course hosted the 2-day, B-tier Spring Runoff competition in 2019.
Bostaniçi is a town within the metropolitan area of the city of Van, on the Eastern shore of Lake Van in Turkey.
Aslan was appointed by the Turkish government following the arrest of Şehsade Kurt and Azim Yacan of the pro-Kurdish Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) on November 8, 2019.
Born in Kiev, Filima was a right-handed player and featured in five Davis Cup ties for Ukraine across 2004 and 2005.
His Davis Cup career included a singles win over Jan Frode Andersen, where he came from two sets down to defeat his better ranked Norwegian opponent and secure the tie for Ukraine.
The 2020 Rio Grande Valley FC Toros season is the 5th season for Rio Grande Valley FC Toros in USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada.
Due to their hybrid affiliation with the Dynamo, RGVFC is one of 13 teams expressly forbidden from entering the Cup competition.
A Collective Bargain: Unions, Organizing, and the Fight for Democracy () is a 2020 non-fiction book by longtime union, environmental, and community organizer Jane McAlevey.
Earlier, on 7 January 2020, a motorcycle bomb blast took place near a Frontier Corps vehicle on McConaghey Road near Liaquat Bazar in Quetta.
On 10 January 2020, a suicide bombing took place inside a Taliban-run mosque located in Ghousabad neighbourhood during Maghrib prayer in Quetta's Satellite Town area.
The music video was directed by Gamaliel de Santiago, it was recorded for two days in Mexican locations such as Condesa, Insurgente and La Marquesa.
22 of them (22/0.48 round 0%) are full-size courses with 18 holes or more, 24 of them (24/0.48 round 0%) are smaller courses that feature at least 9 holes, and 2 courses (2/0.48 round 0%) have fewer than 9 holes.
The 51st NAACP Image Awards ceremony, presented by the NAACP, honoring outstanding representations and achievements of people of color in motion pictures, television, music, and literature during the 2019 calendar year.
It includes all Leinster based League of Ireland clubs from the Premier Division and First Division, as well as a selection of intermediate level sides.
He represented Iran at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the bronze medal in the men's 67.5 kg event in 2004 and the gold medal in the men's 60 kg event in 2008.
He represented Iran at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's 48 kg event in 2004.
Despite Wichita Falls being a strongly conservative district, David Farabee won his races as a Democrat, primarily based on name recognition.
His father Ray Farabee was an attorney who served in the Texas Senate and as general counsel for the University of Texas System.
Madeline Anello-Kitzmiller (born 1997) is an American woman noted for her response to being assaulted at Rhythm and Vines in New Zealand on December 31, 2017.
While walking through the venue, a man came up behind her and a friend and groped one of her decorated breasts.
Anello-Kitzmiller indicated that she had been previously been abused by others at the festival, and her response was partly due to her pent up anger.
Other writers, such as Gable Tostee, have said that Anello-Kitzmiller was looking for a fight and should be charged with assault.
Some of the women in the march went topless wearing glitter similar to how Anello-Kitzmiller was dressed at the original event.
Project NEXT was previously known as the National Ticketing Programme (NTP) from early 2016 to early 2018, preceded by the Auckland Integrated Ticketing Scheme (AITS, also known under its brand name HOP) and Auckland Integrated Fares System (AIFS) prior to that.
The aim is to achieve a nationally consistent payment system, with a choice of payment by cash, phone, credit card, debit card, or a transit card valid for the whole country.
Whilst work at a national level has been undertaken since 2009 and integrated ticketing has been introduced for public transport in Auckland, as of 2020 there is still no national system available.
The desire to achieve a nationwide public transport payment system was first raised in 2007 when it was announced that Snapper was working on a stored-value card for public transport in the Wellington Region, with Wellington and Auckland transport officials in talks about teaming up to work on a system that could be applied nationwide.
The Snapper card was introduced in Wellington in July 2008 and applied to buses operated under the GO Wellington branding; those buses were owned by NZ Bus.
That is, the introduction of the Snapper card did not achieve an integrated fare system for Wellington; this is still the case in 2020.
The underlying thinking of the Transport Agency was that it would make sense for the development cost to be paid only once, with other regional authorities able to join and use the same technology.
The Transport Agency opted to lead the project, provided co-funding, wanted to be in control of the central clearing house system, and stated that it was most interested in getting information out of the system.
ARTA awarded the tender for the Auckland stored-value card to the Thales Group as the French technology on offer was technically superior to what Snapper had offered.
The Thales Group offered a technical solution based on the DESFire system, which at the time was the international industry standard for public transport payment systems.
Snapper's system used the Java Card OpenPlatform, which is common for payment systems but with slower transaction times, which is an issue for mass payments.
On the condition that Snapper would adjust its system so that it could interact with the Thales components, this was sanctioned by ARTA staff.
Labour opposition spokesperson for Housing and Auckland Issues, Phil Twyford, alleged in parliament in November 2012 that there had been political interference, with the Minister of Transport, Steven Joyce, having instructed Transport Agency officials for Snapper to be included in the Auckland project.
Snapper, based on its system already in use in Wellington, could roll out the system more quickly and the aim was to be operational on the entire NZ Bus fleet for the Rugby World Cup to be held in New Zealand from 9 September 2011.
In August 2012, Auckland Transport terminated its agreement with Snapper over an ongoing inability to configure their system to work smoothly with the Thales Group system.
Auckland Transport rolled out the AT HOP card from October 2012 (starting with trains and ferries) until April 2014 (finishing with buses).
Transport Agency staff approached the Wellington Regional Council in December 2015, suggesting that they introduce the Hop card system, therefore working towards having a unified system for the country.
Part of the Transport Agency's proposal was that its subsidiary, New Zealand Transport Ticketing Limited (NZTTL, established in November 2011), be appointed to act as the central clearing house.
The latter includes the possibility that payments get made via smartphones, debit cards and credit cards, removing the need for users to have a proprietary payment card linked to a public transport provider.
Nine of the smaller regional councils formed the Regional Consortium in 2013, a collaborative working group that could represent their shared interests in public transport matters.
By late 2013, service level agreements had been put in place for the coming three years in support of the existing ticketing systems; it was thought that this was a sufficient time frame for the National Integrated Ticketing Interoperability Standard (NITIS) to be ready.
The governance group of the Regional Consortium was made up of representatives from the Transport Agency, its subsidiary NZTTL, and executives of seven of the nine regional councils.
When NITIS, the critical component for integration into the national ticketing system, was not available on time, the regional councils extended their service level agreements to May 2018.
In early 2016, it was agreed between the Regional Consortium, the Transport Agency, and Wellington region that the integration into the national ticketing system would no longer be pursued.
It is planned for RITS to be an interim solution for up to five years prior to joining the national ticketing system.
Palmerston North, Ashhurst, Feilding, Levin, and Marton) were to switch to the system in mid-January 2020, but this has been delayed over teething problems.
Based on Greater Wellington's feedback, a working party was convened from 2016 under the project name of National Ticketing Programme, also known under the acronym GRETS (Greater Wellington, Regional Consortium, Environment Canterbury Ticketing Solution).
Parties represented on the steering group were the Transport Agency, its subsidiary NZTTL, Bay of Plenty region, Canterbury region, Wellington region, Otago region, Taranaki region, and Waikato region.
Based on Auckland's contract with Thales running until 2021 (with an option to extent to 2026), it was assumed that they would not join the programme and were not included in the economic analysis.
The situation changed when Auckland Transport joined GRETS in early 2018 and in May 2018, this resulted in Project NEXT being formed as a successor to GRETS.
The Transport Agency disestablished the governance group and handed its oversight to a newly-formed group called the Connected Journey Solutions (CJS) unit.
When the Transport Agency's CEO, Fergus Gammie, resigned and was replaced by interim-CEO Mark Ratcliffe, concerns were raised internally and Ratcliffe commissioned professional services company Deloitte with undertaking a review of Project NEXT.
As of 2020, these PTAs are neither part of the Regional Interim Ticketing Solution (RITS) nor do they have plans to join Project NEXT.
As of January 2020, it has not been announced when the remaining seven public transport authorities will implement their Bee Card systems.
The rollout for Project NEXT will begin with the Wellington commuter rail; this is expected for 2022, some two years later than previously planned.
The Minute Man, is an 1874 sculpture by Daniel Chester French located in Minute Man National Historical Park in Concord, Massachusetts.
The statue was unveiled in 1875 for the centennial celebration of the battle of Battle of Concord to critical acclaim and continues to be praised by critics through the 2010s.
By September 1874, the statue was completed and a plaster version of the clay statue was sent to Ames Manufacturing Works.
Eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century art critics, such as Lorado Taft and H. C. Howard, have suggested that the pose was directly copped from the Roman sculpture.
The 2020 South Carolina Gamecocks softball team represents the University of South Carolina in the 2020 NCAA Division I softball season.
Zorhan Ludovic Bassong (born May 7, 1999) is a Canadian professional soccer player who plays for Cercle Brugge in the Jupiler Pro League.
Pickler has developed since a young age an interest for horse riding, but was by means of archery sport that she was able to develop and compete on international level since 2018.
Bruna Pickler plays recurve bow archery and has represented Chinese team consecutively in 2018 and 2019 to play in Hong Kong at Interport Indoor Archery Open on both years.
Her acting career is based on theatre and the highlight encompasses the original Macanese play entitled The Three Ladies of Macao.
Pickler's first entry in an archery competition was in 2018 where she played for University of Macau, China, securing 9th place in Recurve Women Individual category in 2018 multinational Interport Archery Open (Hong Kong).
He represented Iran at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's 60 kg (130 lb) event.
Sharp recruited Stacy Johnson (1945 – 2017) who was singing with the Arabians, Johnson's friend Vernon Guy (1945 – 1998) who sang with the Cool Sounds, and singer Horise O'Toole (1943 – c. 1965) from the Originals.
Now a nationally known act, the Sharpees toured the chitlin' circuit and played at major theaters such as the Howard Theater in Washington D.C., the Apollo Theater in New York City, and the Regal Theater in Chicago on the same bill as Smokey Robinson & The Miracles and Stevie Wonder.
The Sharpees continued to perform around St. Louis even after Herbert Reeves was shot and killed in 1972 in retaliation for beating up a guy.
In 1978, Sharp quit professional music and focused on religion, becoming an elder at the Refuge Temple in East St. Louis.
In the mid 1980s, Guy and Johnson formed a newly reformed Sharpies which included Guy's nephew Paul Grady, but it was short-lived.
The president of the Republic Fulgencio Batista planned to expand the city to the east by building a new suburb with large avenues, and luxury buildings.
A new connection between Havana Vieja and the east side cross Havana Bay was required; the new Havana Tunnel under the Havana Bay was built by the French company Societé de Grand Travaux de Marseille between 1957-58.
In the 1970s the new suburb of Alamar in East Havana was built with the aid of the former Soviet Union.
The tunnel sections built on site (east side) are of similar characteristics as the ones in the side of Havana Vieja.
The tunnel allowed the circulation of 4 lanes of vehicles, two in each direction, ans a vertical clearance of 14 ft. and 11 ft. wide for each direction of circulation.
Two sidewalks 3 ft. wide each have been provided for police surveillance, one at each side of the central partition-wall which separates the two roads.
The central part of the Tunnel; the section which corresponds to the third tube is horizontal and has a length 100 m. Due to these requirements, the port of entry to Havana, originally about 160m wide and 40 ft. deep, has remained unchanged, thus offering the possibility of having a channel nearly 100 m. wide and 45 ft. deep.
The Tunnel's ventilation is provided from two ventilation towers situated on both shores of the entrance channel, at a distance of more than 500 m. from each other.
The fresh air into the Tunnel circulates inside special conduits installed throughout its entire length i.e., two lateral galleries 3.60 m. high and 1.50 m. wide, and will be evenly distributed through openings made approximately every 3 m. in the walls of said galleries.
The indications appearing on these carbon monoxide alarms will simultaneously be reproduced in the control rooms, which will enable those on duty to put into service the necessary extra number of fans to increase the supply of fresh air.
The Battle of the Anio Rver was fought in 361 BC between the Roman Republic, led by the dictator Titus Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, and a group of Gauls who had encamped near the Via Salaria beyond the bridge over the Anio River.
Titus Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus was appointed dictator in 361 BC, most likely due to the presence of Gauls and their proximity to Rome.
They had encamped on the side of the Anio River farthest from the city near the Via Salaria, roughly 3 km north of the Colline Gate.
Upon being appointed dictator, Crispinus ordered that the courts be suspended and that all men of military qualifications join him to march north to the river.
Skirmishing began over possession of the bridge that crossed the river, but it yielded no results as both sides were evenly matched.
It continued on until a large Gaul came to the bridge, demanding that the Romans send their bravest man to fight him so that the standoff could be resolved.
He exploited the Gaul's size and snuck between his sword and body, leaving himself unexposed and delivering a decisive blow to his groin and stomach, killing his enemy and therefore deciding the result of the battle.
The Gauls retreated east from the bridge to the town of Tibur, where they formed a military alliance with the Tiburtes, who provided them with supplies.
Focal points of the state park are a homestead, Friends Delight, that dates from the early 1800s, and the historic Friends Store, which as a center of Sang Run's community life sold various staples and served as post office until the 1970s.
Tiririt, also known as taririt or papet, is a type of small dinghy of the Sama-Bajau and Tausug people of the Philippines.
It is usually carried aboard larger motherships and assists in transporting passenger and cargo to the shore, as well as in towing the boat to port.
Skåne County elected 47 out of the 349 seats for the Riksdag in the general election held in Sweden on the 9 September 2018.
Skåne lost one parliamentary seat as a result of demographic distribution changes throughout Sweden, going from 48 seats overall to 47.
Since Skåne had four constituencies, the total number of votes in the county did not necessarily reflect proportion in seats won since those were allocated in four different areas.
Although the divide is not clear by using one decimal, the Sweden Democrats had 26.14% as the largest party compared to 26.13% for the Social Democrats, 50,059 votes to 50,041.
The changes and trends are based upon the parties' performances relative to the 2014 election and whether the party did better or worse in said municipality than the national average of the party's trend.
If that trend points upwards, the municipality became a more important part of the party's vote share than before, whereas a downward trend indicates the opposite.
He eventually became senior editor, and he worked with notable authors that included Eudora Welty, James Gould Cozzens, and Wendell Berry.
It took him 3 more races before he picked up another win at his last race of the year - the 2011 Tropical Turf Handicap in December.
Leucobryum glaucum, commonly known as leucobryum moss or pin cushion moss, is a species of moss with a wide distribution in eastern North America and Europe.
First look poster of the film was released on 2 December 2019 followed by another poster on 8 January 2020, featuring Ammy Virk and Tania in it.
The prototype for the hero of his novella was probably a relative of his, the Peter von Staufenberg who is mentioned in documents of 1274 and 1287.
In the poem, Peter is said to have become a knight at the Holy Sepulchre, perhaps in reference to the historical Peter's participation in the Crusade of 1267, where some are known to have been knighted there.
His family insists that he marry a niece of the Emperor and the clergy conclude that his lover is an emissary of Satan.
He eventually gives in to social pressure to marry, but on his wedding day a woman's leg thrusts itself through the ceiling of the church and shoots out a bolt of lightning.
It is also a moralizing tale in the genre of the mirror of princes, possessing a clear message to young men of Egenolf's social class: a rash promise in the pursuit of sexual pleasure ends tragically through female vindictiveness.
It was known for having Amirjan Qosanov being it's nominee in the 2019 presidential election where he won around 16% of the popular vote, making it the most votes that a non-incumbent presidential candidate has received in Kazakhstan's history.
Tempel, also known as temper or kurikong, is a type of wooden motorized boat used by the Yakan, Tausug, and Sama-Bajau people of the Philippines.
The 2020 New Mexico United season is the second season for New Mexico United in the USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada.
As a USL Championship club, New Mexico United will enter the competition in the Second Round, to be played April 7–9.. On January 29, 2020 the Second Round schedule was announced.
She earned r juris doctorate at the Dickinson School of Law, Pennsylvania State University in 2013 and was admitted to Maryland Bar.
He represented Iran at the 1996 Summer Paralympics and at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's 100 kg event in 2000.
At the time of writing this song, Laferte went through depression caused by the rupture of the relationship with her partner, which led her to think about suicide.
On August 30, 2014, Laferte launched through his official YouTube account the first version of the song, in which we see the singer-songwriter next to her guitar performing the song acoustically in her living room.
The video was released on October 14, 2015 through the Laferte's VEVO channel, becoming a trend and one of the most watched videos of a Chilean singer.
The music video shows Mon Laferte, accompanied by a fellinesque march, on a tour of the Cerro de San Pedro in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Since March 2019 he has served as an assistant bishop and interim priest-in-charge at St John the Baptist Church in Spalding in the Diocese of Lincoln.
He trained in acting at the University of London and then worked as an actor and theatre director for 12 years, participating in a variety of stage shows including cabaret, repetory and Shakespeare productions, prior to retraining for ministry at the age of 32.
Gillion trained for ministry at Salisbury and Wells Theological College and was ordained priest in the Church of England in 1984.
His early ministry saw him serve in the Diocese of Southwark and then the Diocese of Hong Kong and Macao, where, as parish priest at Discovery Bay he voluntarily spent a week incarcerated at Shek Pik Prison to better understand his ministry as chaplain to the prisoners.
He returned to London in 1998, where he served first as the Evangelism Officer for the Bishop of Kensington, then as Rector of Holy Trinity, Sloane Street and St Saviour, Upper Chelsea.
During his time in London Gillion was a regular contributor to the BBC's Pause for Thought program, and also served as chaplain at Harrods.
In April 2014, Gillion was elected Bishop of Riverina in the Province of New South Wales in the Anglican Church of Australia after a representative of the Diocese saw him preach in St Paul's Cathedral, London (which was the only time he had ever preached there).
In working in Australia, Gillion followed in the footsteps of his grandfather who had worked as a priest in Broome and Derby in Western Australia during the 1920s.
During his time as Bishop, Gillion performed a one-man stage show about faith in order to raise funds for a youth theatre project in the Diocese.
After his resignation Gillion returned to the United Kingdom, and in March 2019 he was appointed as assistant bishop and interim priest-in-charge at St John the Baptist Church in Spalding in the Diocese of Lincoln.
Gillion is married to Janine and has two sons, one of whom is the marketing manager for the Australian Grand Prix.
The Volunteers finished the 2019 season 43–17 overall, and 14–10 in the SEC to finish in a tie for second in the conference.
The Volunteers hosted a regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and later advanced to the Gainesville Super Regional against Florida.
The company offers fixed income, equities, investment funds, and private pension products, as well as offers wealth management and other financial services.
XP serves customers in Brazil and have offices in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, New York, Miami, Cayman Islands, London and Geneva.
In 2001, Guilherme Benchimol and Marcelo Maisonnave created XP Investimentos CCTVM S.A., in Porto Alegre, as a company of independent investment agents.
Having passed the bar in 1967, he later became a minister under Alphonse Massamba-Débat and then Marien Ngouabi, and also served as vice president of the Republic of Congo.
Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo was born in 1933 in the Vindza (Vinza) district of N’Ko (N’koo) in the department of the Pool, the second child of a family belonging to the Lâri community.
In 1947 he attended the Kindamba primary school and then, in 1948, the little seminary of Mbamou where he either crossed paths with or followed in the wake of several young Congolese men who would later play important political roles (Lazare Matsocota, Emmanuel Ndébéka, Emile Biayenda).
In 1956 he received his Baccalaureate in philosophy from the academy of Bordeaux, which he prepared at the Savorgnan de Brazza lycée in Brazzaville (where he also met Pierre Nzé and André Milongo).
Having been admitted into the higher education system in France, he did his preparatory courses at the Lycée Poincaré of Nancy where he attended courses in the ENFOM, or École nationale de la France d’outre mer.
The passing of the Deferre Policy in 1956 shook up relations between France and its overseas territories, and the last class of student-administrators was accepted in 1956.
During the next five years he became close friends with Emmanuel Yoka and André Milongo as well as establishing strong ties with François Olassa, Édouard Ebouka-Babackas, Alexis Gabou, Jean-Martin M’Bemba and Pierre Moussa.
Indeed, there were agreements passed between 1960 and 1961 by the French State and the majority of its ex-colonies, that established institutional reciprocity.
Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo filed and subsequently won a suit against the Nancy bar: the decision was reached by the court of appeals and was recorded as precedent on March 4, 1964.
In 1964, at the age of 31, Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo thus became the first Congolese lawyer integrated in a French bar association as well as the first black member of the Nancy bar, where he would practice until 1966.
by a decree of the Garde des Sceaux (Keeper of the Seals) and the Minister of Justice on the, thereby becoming the first lawyer integrated into the Brazzaville bar association.
Continuing the militant activity initiated in the Association des Étudiants Congolais (Association of Congolese Students), he remained in constant communication with the new African elite opposed to neo-colonialism.
Most notably, he was the editor in chief of the Étudiant Congolais (The Congolese Student), the journal of the Fédération des Étudiants d’Afrique Noire Francophone (FEANF)(The Federation of Students of Francophone Black Africa).
It is in this spirit that he attended as a lawyer the United Nations Conference on the rights of treaties in Vienna Austria from March to May 1968.
In August 1968, Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo was nominated Garde des Sceaux (Keeper of the Seals), Minister of Justice and of Labor, by president Alphonse Massemba-Débat.
At the age of 35, along with Ambroise Noumazalaye, Claude-Ernest Ndalla, Justin Lekoudzou and Pierre Nzé, he became part of the emerging young intelligentsia trained in French universities and shaped politically by the anti-colonialist circles of the Association des Étudiants Congolais in France (AEC) and the FEANF, whose rise within the party in power and the state apparatus, contributed to the renewing of the ruling class.
Captain Marien Ngouabi came to power at the beginning of September and following the advice of Jacques Opangault (founder of the Mouvement Socialiste Africain—African Socialist Movement—affiliated with the SFIO) returned Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo to his functions within the government convened on September 6th, 1968.
In august of 1968, he sent to all prison wardens a series of rules forbidding practices that would humiliate or debase those incarcerated.
In the same humanistic spirit, he attempted to promote rehabilitation through education and began to set up reading spaces throughout the prison system.
He was maintained in his functions despite repeated ministerial reshuffling and he continued to advance in the hierarchical order of power.
In December of 1969 the Mouvement National de la Révolution (The National Movement of the Revolution) was replaced by the Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT)(The Congolese Party of Labor).
As Keeper of the Seals Moudileno-Massengo oversaw the trial of the triple murder of the high-level functionaries Matsocota, Pouabou and Massouémé though who was responsible for the murders was never firmly established.
The Political Bureau and the Council of State were reorganized with a rise in the power of Moudileno-Massengo who became the vice-president of the Board of State and vice-president of the Republic.
The marginalization of the left wing of the party would feed a growing tension within the party that in turn would lead to a coup attempt on February 22nd, 1972 (the so-called M 22 movement, led by Ange Diawara).
With others designated to the right (Ekamba-Elombé, ierre Nzé and H. Lopès), Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo was arrested by the leaders of the coup and incarcerated at the Makala prison, only to be liberated by the destitutions of power and sentences.
As the second in command in the regime, Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo led a number of diplomatic missions throughout Africa, Asia and Europe.
His widely disseminated letter of resignation addressed to Marien Ngouabi on August 5th 1972 revealed the extent of their political differences.
His decision would be heavily criticized by his political rivals but also by his mentor, Jacques Opangault who feared a breakdown of the fragile North-South relationship.
Along these same lines, from 1979 to 1991, Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo remained an emblematic opposition leader to the regime of Denis Sassou-Nguesso through the Front Patriotique Congolais (Congolese Patriotic Front) created in 1983 with Dr. Ekondy-Akala and then through the Mouvement Patriotique Congolais (Congolese Patriotic Movement) or MPC over which he presided.
All the while, it also emphasized its relatively minimal impact because of Denis Sassou-Nguesso’s ability to weaken the opposition and to control the armed forces.
Sassou-Nguesso accomplished this by regularly hiring important members of the opposition into elevated posts in his government all while maintaining members of his family originating in the village of Oyo or from the Cuvette region in key military and security positions.
In 1990, Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo published a document entitled Call to the Nation that was subsequently signed by the principle opposition parties both within the country and in exile, most notably B. Koléla, A. Hombessa, J. Nkouka, Ekondi-Akala.
Amon the 84 other parties and political associations, he took part in the Sovereign National Conference established in February of 1991 in his capacity as leader of the MPC (with Dr. Ekondi-Akala).
Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo was instead part of the delegation that supported André Milongo (who was designated as the transitional prime minister in June, 1991) to the presidency in 1992.
In April of 1992, Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo was named Adjunct Director General to Elf-Congo at the demand of the Congolese State, one of the company’s shareholders.
This nomination occurred in the context of the recalibration of the Congo and the oil companies that had been demanded by the National Conference.
After having successfully renegotiated the part of oil revenues that would be returned to the Congolese state, President Pascal Lissouba ,who faced ever-increasing budgetary problems, ceded a significant portion of future revenue, and finally, at the end of 1994 gave to Elf-Congo the entire 25% that the Congolese state held, thereby eliminating the position of Adjunct Director General occupied by Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo.
On the 22nd of January 1993, approximately fifteen political parties, including the Mouvement Patriotique Congolais signed the founding document of the Centre Démocratique (Democratic Center).
Led by Moudileno-Massengo, this parti proposed a massive reform of the financing of political parties in order to reduce corruption to minimize the recruitment done by political leaders within their close family circle.
From 1994 onward, the power of the various political parties was increasingly determined by military strength that was in turn undergirded by foreign forces or by ethnically defined militias.
Sitka Sedge State Natural Area (Sitka Sedge) is an estuary and beach on the north coast of the U.S. state of Oregon in Tillamook County.
Sitka Sedge consists of of tidal marsh, mudflats, dunes, forested wetlands, and uplands at the south end of the Sand Lake estuary, north of Tierra Del Mar.
Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (OPRD) purchased the property formerly known as the Beltz Farm in 2014 to preserve this natural ecosystem for public education.
In the early part of the twentieth century, Anna Elise Timm Roenicke, who became widowed in 1899, moved her family from Portland to the coastal property and used it for dairy farming.
During the 1930s, Beltz built two residences, one for their family and a second for the full-time caretaker who managed the farm.
In the 1940s–1950s, the Fry family farmed the land, and there was a Coast Guard monitoring station there during the 1940s.
In 1989, residents of Tierra Del Mar began a two-year process to successfully appeal a U.S. Forest Service decision to clear-cut within the Beltz Creek watershed.
In 1993, residents persuaded the Tillamook Department of Community Development to deny a Conditional Use Application of Stuwe Land and Timber Company for a mine and aggregate quarry site.
However, the mitigation recommended was to breach the dike on the Beltz farm property, to allow for tidal flow into Sand Lake's fresh water marsh, to improve its estuarine ecology, and to restore high salt marsh habitat for fish and other animals.
Their Board of Directors officially opposed the construction of an 18-hole golf course, and also officially opposed a conditional use application permit that Golf Links, L.C.C., had filed in Tillamook County.
Urness additionally credited decades-long resistance from the adjacent Tierra Del Mar community that prevented golf course proposals on the estuary and beachfront multiple times.
OPRD acquired the area from Ecotrust in June 2014 using Oregon Lottery funds and a National Coastal Wetlands Conservation grant from the U.S.
Sometime in the 1930s, Frita Beltz installed a half-mile long dike and a tide gate to hold tidewater back, creating a freshwater marsh when the gate closed, and draining the area behind the dike at low tide.
The dike has also impeded movement of native fish (coho, chum, steelhead and coastal cutthroat trout), preventing migration to spawning areas.
The second would create an 18-foot gap in the dike, about the combined width of two creeks flowing into the marsh, which may fulfill Oregon's required minimum for fish passage.
In 1913, all Oregon beaches below the high tide line were designated as public highways, making all Oregon beaches public land.
The total area of the tidal and diked marsh surface of the Sand Lake estuary is about , according to a 1978 estimate by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW).
The diked freshwater marsh surface area was estimated at that time to be 11% of the bay subsystem and 8% of the entire estuary.
Fish and Wildlife Service has designated portions of Sitka Sedge as critical habitat for Western snowy plover, and adjacent areas south and east of Sitka Sedge as critical habitat for marbled murrelet and the northern spotted owl.
The park is minimally developed, with restrooms and a small gravel parking area accommodating up to 26 vehicles (2 spaces are ADA-accessible).
The hike led them to a forest of Douglas firs and Sitka Spruce then through shore pines, finally to the beach and surf.
He also reported the tides were so high on his trip their kayaks were able to surf a few waves at the north end of the lake.
It operated in the 1930s and 1940s, and was amalgamated with the Commonwealth Investigation Branch, to form the Commonwealth Investigation Service (CIS).
McLachlan played alongside Luke Bambridge and successfully defended the title, defeating Marcus Daniell and Philipp Oswald in the final, 7–6, 6–3.
André Abadie (27 July 1934 – 7 January 2020) was a French rugby union player who played for the French national team from 1965 to 1968.
His first national team match was on 28 November 1965 against Romania and his last match was on 27 January 1968 against Ireland.
Bigger Picture (foaled February 8th, 2011 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2017 United Nations Stakes.
During the 2016 season, he tried his hand at a Grade-1 race, but came in 8th at the 2016 United Nations Stakes.
He picked up his first of two wins in his 2017 season by winning the Grade -3 John B. Connally Turf Cup, on January 29th, 2017.
His second win of the 2017 season came on July 1st, when he competed again in the Grade-1 United Nations Stakes.
He started off his 2018 season with a successful defense of his John B. Connally Turf Cup crown by coming in first place.
He did not win any more races in 2018, but came close with a third place finish at the 2018 United Nations Stakes.
He defended his John B. Connally Turf Cup successfully for the second time on January 27th, 2019 by winning the race.
He won the C8 singles at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and defended his title four years later at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Franciszek Zawadzki (Polish pronunciation: ['frantɕiʂɛk'zavadzki]; (6 October  in 1887 in Żelechowo – 7 November 1975 in Warsaw) was a Polish bicycle manufacturer, road racing cyclist and the first Polish national champion.
Before the end of First World War, when Poland restored full independence, he became the champion in road bicycle racing of Congress Poland twice in 1910 and 1911.
Before 1939 Zawadzki wanted to move the manufactory to the village Glina in Otwock County but he didn't manage to build it before the World War II started.
The old manufactory and his house in Warsaw were destroyed by the bombs and he moved with his wife and their only child to his villa in a village Stara Wieś (Otwock County).
His son Zbyszek took part in Warsaw Uprising where he was captured by the Germans and brought to a death camp in Stutthof.
Veselin Kesich (Banja Luka, Bosnia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, 12 March 1921 - Portland, Maine, United States of America, 26 June 2012) was an Eastern Orthodox theologian, and university professor.
When General Milan Nedić was entrusted with the administration of German-occupied Serbia, Kesich remained under the command of Nedić in the government called the Government of National Salvation.
Kesich was sent to one of the most crowded camps at Eboli, near Salerno, wherein 1947 he had the good fortune to be selected to study theology at Dorchester College in England with 40 other students and priestswho were at the camp when Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe, the Right Reverend Harold Buxton paid a visit.
In 1949, Kesich emigrated to the United States, where he resumed his studies, first at Columbia University, then St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, and the Union Theological Seminary.
He was a long-standing member (1953-1991) of the Faculty of St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, specializing in the New Testament and also teaching courses in the areas of theology and spirituality.
His many academic appointments include Faculty Member, Comparative Religion, Sarah Lawrence College (1966-1986); Adjunct Professor, Serbo–Croatian Literature, New York University (1965-1974); Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Slavic Languages, University of California, Berkeley (1962-1963); and Visiting Faculty, Comparative Religion, Hofstra University (1959-1963).
After retirement, he was a guest lecturer abroad, including the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 1991 and at Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk, England in 1998.
It is also a Greek feminine given name that is a short form of Charalampía which is a combination of the Ancient Greek roots khará and lámpō.
Kirk's first ministry appointment in charge of a parish was in 1989 in Mount Vincent, near Cessnock in New South Wales.
He served as Dean of Grafton from 2008 until 2017, then served as rector of the Parish of Hamilton and Archdeacon of the Southwest in the Anglican Diocese of Ballarat until his election as Bishop.
As Bishop, during the intense drought in the Riverina region, Kirk has criticised the water market in the Murray-Darling Basin and called for water to be recognised as not only a commercial commodity but a physical and spiritual fundamental.
Hirotani lived in Tama, Tokyo, where she died of breast cancer at the age of 63 on 4 January 2020; her husband announced her death on Facebook the next day.
Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It is a 2014 manga anthology edited by Anne Ishii, Chip Kidd, and Graham Kolbeins, and published by Fantagraphics Books.
Ishii and Kolbeins traveled to Japan to conduct interviews for the books, and concurrently launched Massive Goods, a fashion brand and gay manga publisher.
Following the dissolution of PictureBox in December 2013, Fantagraphics announced that it had acquired the license to the title, which it published on December 18, 2014.
To promote the release of the book, Jiraiya made his first-ever public appearance as an artist, attending signings and speaking events in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York.
The win helped him earn placement in the Grade-1 November 2nd, 2019 Breeders' Cup Distaff, where he finished in sixth place.
As an amateur, he won a silver and gold medal at the U.S. National Golden Gloves Championships in 2014 and 2015 respectively.
Ennis made his professional debut on April 30, 2016, defeating Cory Muldrew via first-round knockout (KO) at the Dixie Center in St. George, Utah.
He fought a further seven times in 2016, scoring four consecutive stoppage wins over Luis Ramos in May; Deshawn Debose in June; Tavorus Teague in July; and Matt Murphy in August.
Ennis went the distance for the first time in September, defeating Eddie Diaz by unanimous decision (UD) in a scheduled four-round bout.
He began 2017 with a first-round KO victory over Elvin Perez in January, followed by the second decision win of his career; a UD against James Winchester in March.
Ennis had a further seven fights in 2017, winning all seven by stoppage; Eduardo Flores in May; Wilfredo Acuña and Robert Hill in June; Ricardo Cano in August; Lionel Jiménez in September; Ayi Bruce in October; and George Sosa in December.
Knowing little about AIDS or the gay culture, she convinced her superiors to send her and another sister to Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center in Greenwich Village New York, a hospital known for their work with both gay and AIDS patients.
While there, she visited gay bars, worked on a hotline for those with questions about HIV, and volunteered with the Gay Men's Health Crisis.
As part of her ministry, Baltosiewich held the hands of AIDS patients while they died, sometimes when their own families were too afraid to be in the same room as them.
She is the former president and co-founder of Athens Anti-Discrimination Movement (AADM), a civil rights organization formed in 2016 as a community effort to combat discrimination.
On August 14, 2019, Mokah Jasmine Johnson announced that she is exploring a run for the Georgia House of Representatives’ House District 117 seat.
Through their company, they have curated multiple community events, including Athens Hip-Hop Awards, Athens MLK Day Parade and Music Fest, and the Athens in Harmony concert.
Mokah Jasmine Johnson was first called to action in activism against discrimination in 2015, when a popular Athens bar called General Beauregard’s served a drink with a racial slur in the name.
From 2013 to 2016, Mokah founded and operated the VIP Girlz Hip-Hop Dance and Leadership Program, a mentorship and dance program designed to develop the skills and confidence of girls in Athens.
Mokah now serves as the Hip-Hop Director for Girls Rock, a program that works to build self-esteem, inspire confidence, and encourage creativity in girls through mentorship and dance.
Mokah has ten years of experience working as an educator, and worked for four years at Athens Technical College as an adult GED educator.
Mokah Johnson is a prominent activist in Athens, Georgia, organizing around issues such as discrimination, civil rights, criminal justice reform, gun violence prevention, and voting rights.
Johnson was pivotal to the creation of the AADM End School-to-Prison Pipeline program and a Teen Social Justice Club after school program.
The End School to Prison Pipeline program also provides meaningful community service opportunities for at risk youth and adults, and partners with local businesses to provide career mentoring services.
Mokah also served on a task force created by former Athens Mayor Nancy Denson to develop a community-wide plan for promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Johnson also led the push for the creation of an Inclusion Office and Inclusion Officer to focus on diversity and inclusion efforts in Athens.
In 2019, Mokah Johnson and AADM worked with the Georgia American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and local social justice organization Athens for Everyone, to lobby for cash bail reform in Athens-Clarke County.
The Freedom Act put an end to cash bail for all violations of Athens-Clarke local ordinances, with an exception for violence and threats of violence.
Furthermore, by leading forums on topics including community policing and race relations, Mokah has worked to build unity and understanding in the Athens area.
Spirit of an Activist is a 104-page autobiography about her life story, from her early days as a Jamaican immigrant in the United States to her recent activism work in building the Athens Anti-Discrimination Movement as a response to racial injustices in her hometown and nationwide.
Aplin and Nesbitt have been long-term friends and a collaboration is something that both fans and the artists have wanted for years.
We have known each other for a long time and one of my first ever gigs was supporting her at a gig in 2011.
We have been of both sides of an ever-changing industry and both decided to independently take control of our careers and success.
Matsu broke into the manga industry as an artist of mainstream shōnen manga, but quit over frustrations with the industry's editorial processes.
He claimed the Premiership of Kingdom of Nepal and the throne of Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski against the traditional agnatic succession of the Rana dynasty.
Driven by this motive, he attempted a coup against his uncles; Maharaja Prime Minister Ranodip Singh Kunwar and Commander-In-Chief Dhir Shamsher Rana in the winter of 1881-1882.
Later, he was pardoned and was impeased by Ranodip Singh as his successor after the death of Dhir Shamsher, which caused envy among his Shamsher cousins and ultimately led to his death in the 1885 Shamsher coup.
He was born at Kathmandu on 1st March 1848 as the second son of Jang Bahadur Rana with his second wife.
In 1839, Jang Bahadur's first infant son had already died, thus, he was referred as the eldest son of Jang Bahadur Rana.
Jagat Jang and Crown Prince Trailokya of Nepal plotted to force King Surendra of Nepal to abdicate the throne and appoint Jagat Jang as the Prime Minister of Nepal after the death of Jagat Jang's father, Jang Bahadur.
Dhir Shamsher Rana circulated a rumour that his brother Jang Bahadur was critically ill, upon which Jagat Jang and Crown Prince Trailokya rushed to Patharghatta.
On their absence in Kathmandu, Dhir Shamsher immediately imposed King Surendra to declare Ranodip Singh Kunwar as Prime Minister of Nepal and destroyed the plot of Jagat Jang and the Crown Prince.
Afterwards Jagat Jang and Prince Trailokya came back to Kathmandu after the funeral, they began to overthrow Jagat Jagat's uncle Dhir Shamsher from the political scenario of Nepal.
When Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese Army, Jagat Shamsher Kunwar Rana, died in 1879, Dhir Shamsher succeeded him but did not intend to transfer his current position of Senior Commanding-General of Western Commanding forces to his nephew Jagat Jang because the forces under Western Command were huge.
The faction of Bharadars against Ranodip Singh and Dhir Shamsher led by Crown Prince Trailokya and Jagat Jang, attempted coup d'état twice in the year 1938 Vikram Samvat (1881-1882 CE) against both the Prime Minister Ranodip Singh and the Army Chief Dhir Shamsher.
Both attempts were aborted, and for the third attempt, the date of execution was fixed on last day of Poush (December 14, 1881) when Ranodip Singh went on a hunting trip to Terai.
The conspirating faction sought the assistance of Lieutenant Uttardhwaj who had ancestral rivalry with the Shrivikram Singh Thapa, a member of the conspirator group due to which, Lt. Uttardhwaj revealed the plot to Dhir Shamsher who was in Kathmandu and the conspiracy was immediately informed to the entouring Prime Minister Ranodip Singh.
All faction of Ranas knew that Jagat Jung would murder and destroy the Shamsher family if he succeeds the uncle Maharaja Ranodip Singh.
The insecurity of sons of Dhir Shamsher (Shamsher faction) escalated due to impeasement of Jagat Jang by Ranodip Singh and they were against this recent uprising of Jagat Jang.
He studied music and competed in hurdling while in school, giving up the latter after suffering an injury, and later worked as a web developer.
Among his influences, Mizkui cites music as having a significant impact on his work, specifically citing the composers Yoko Kanno and Yasutaka Nakata.
The town’s name comes from a word in the Aromanian language, spoken by the Vlachs that historically lived in the area.
El Calabazal was founded in the year 1555 - 1595 by a group of Realists guided by Juan de Salas and Bernardino de Salas at a very important time for this state of the Mexican Republic but it is not known if they were brothers or relatives.
Loading the image of Saint José, the Cristelos who founded the church in the year 1801 which was made of stone and its earth roof which was supported with wood made of wood was swallowed to the community with their own hands built of pines that cut from the hill.
They also created the first pantheon in the municipality of Sombrerete, which quickly filled up so that the bodies were removed with some time buried to put new ones.
He decided to make the San José del Calabazal Parish larger, which was very small, but in order not to destroy the old parish, he made it to the front of the existing one.
Not only does it have its parish, it also has an old cross on the top of the hill that was placed in 1940 which was named De la Santa Cruz Misionera because it was blessed by a Missionary priest who came to town, being his celebration is the May 22 with its traditional dance, mañanitas and relic in the Parras neighborhood.
In 1972 another holy cross was made in the neighborhood of La Laguna which is celebrated on May 2 by all the masons of the community with dance, dance, gunpowder, relic, mass, and their rosary.
Christ the King was made by a priest, son of a defender of the faith, Pablo Aurelio, rooms on September 20, 1961, and that same day they celebrate it with music, mass, rockets.
Pantheon (Old) is the oldest pantheon in Villa Insurgentes according to the tomas, the oldest is by María de los Ángeles Ibarra de Saucedo who died on December 8, 1910.
A party is held every year employer in honor of San José starting on March 10 and ending on the 22nd of March.
On the 19th, the mornings are made in addition to dance, mass, rosary, dance, coleaderos, horseback riding, gunpowder, relic, mechanical games and vintage stalls.
In the town and the neighboring communities that compose it there is an image of Santo Niño de Atocha created in the town of Villa Insurgentes since March 19 1993. house by house 365 days a year where a rosary is made and people are given a relic.
As the parties approach in the city of Plateros, Fresnillo, people come with the same image that walks through the houses to the Sanctuary of Plateros which is a Catholic sanctuary of Mexico where the small image of Santo Niño de Atocha is venerated.
Spring temperatures range between 15 ° C (min) and 26 (max) and 7 and 10 Cº (min) between March and April.
The cold climate is due to the elevation of the municipality (2300 mSNM), although in the highest parts of Cerro El Papantón they are constant in the months of December and January and temperatures of up to -10 ° C. The hottest month is May with more than 24 ° C, and the coldest month is January, with 12 ° C. The average rainfall is 608 mm per year.
The rainiest month is September with 150 mm of rain, and the driest month is March, with 1 mm of rain.
The main water currents of the Town are Arroyo Grande and it has other smaller ones that are Las Cañadas and Arroyo Barbecho.
Villa Insurgentes, because it is located the part corresponding to Sierra Madre Occidental, this place represents refuge for some animal species of which some are endemic to the area.
Other species of trees and plants are: palm, huizache, maguey, nopal duraznillo, nopal cap, brush, oregano, manzanita, gatuño, jarilla, sotol, biznaga, guayabillo, capulín, tepozán and chives.
Common species that can be found at the site are: dura scorpion, field mouse, rattlesnake, alicante, bats, hare, paloma huilota, scaled quail, white-winged pigeon, calandria, raccoon, wild boar, gray fox, rabbit, coyote, tlacuache, badger, wildcat, skunk, spotted owl, lizards, spiders.
It is made up of the towns of Ojo de Agua, Santa Rita, Salas Pérez, San José de las Corrientes, Pompeii, San Francisco de Órganos, Providencia, Agua Zarca, San Francisco de las Flores, the Alamo, San Juan de los Laureles, San José by Felix, Doroteo Arango, Alfredo V. Bonfil.
On Saturday January 13 of 2018, the traditional tianguis began in the center of Villa insurgentes, which has had very good acceptance by people from both the community and the arelañas communities.
In Villa Insurgentes there are 70 illiterates whose ages range from 15 years and over; 16 inhabitants between 6 and 14 do not attend school.
A total of 71 inhabitants, young people between 15 and 24 years old, have attended school; The average schooling of the population is 6 years.
Since 1980, it has the kindergarten Gabino Barreda, a rural primary school with the name of La Corregidora, Technical Secondary School No.
30 Moisés Sanz and the High school / Baccalaureate distance from the State of Zacatecas, which is affiliated with the baccalaureate system of the National Autonomous University of Mexico within its distance modality.
Villa Insurgentes has two urban trucks that pass through its main streets and the communities of the Ojo de Agua metropolitan area, Santa rita, Salas Pérez.
Route 1, from 7: 00- 8:30 in the morning and at 1: 30-4: 30 in the afternoon, from Monday to Friday and on Saturdays and Sundays from 8: 30-9: 30 in the morning 1: 30 to 2:30 in the afternoon.
The archaeological site containing a ruins of a village complex which was inhabited from the late Jōmon period through the Kamakura period, located in what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan and were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1976.
Thus far, the foundations for 12 pit dwellings from the Jōmon period, 37 clay-jar burials, six dirt burials and one square-sided tumulus from the Yayoi period, 11 pit dwellings from the Kofun period, 6 pit dwellings from the Nara period, 19 pit dwellings and one raised floor building form the Heian period have been discovered.
Finds included a large amount of artifacts, with including earthenware and stoneware shards, ceremonial stone swords, and clay figurines from the Yayoi period.
Excavations were carried out more than a dozen times from 1974 when the site was endangered by a nearby housing development.
It is currently back-filled by one meter of earth to protect the ruins, but an archaeological park has been established with six reproductions of residences from the late Jōmon period, 30 earthenware tombs from the Yayoi period and one square tomb from the Kofun period.
In the past, most of the excavated items were displayed at the Okazaki City Folk Museum, but are now stored at the Okazaki City Museum of Art.
Her father bought the sisters a go-kart after they started going to a local go-karting facility and had fun racing there.
She started by competing in the Midget ranks and by 2014, was racing in the Speed 2 Western U.S. Pavement Midget Series.
She finished second in points in that division in her first year in it, and later won the championship in that series in 2016.
She first announced her intentions to become an applicant for the series in December 2018 (along with Natalie Decker, her 2018 teammate at Venturini).
She also became part of the Drivers Edge Development program (which is composed of up-and-coming drivers from both GMS and JR Motorsports).
She has a twin sister named Annie who is also a racing driver and has competed in go-karts and USAC along with Toni.
The January 2020 North American Storm Complex, named Winter Storm Isaiah by The Weather Channel, was a series of extratropical cyclones that impacted millions across North America with either heavy snow, freezing rain, flash flooding, very intense winds and/or a tornado outbreak.
A large trough dug into the Southwestern United States, providing arctic air that had been settled over Canada to move southwards and clash with warm, moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico.
In the warm sector of the system, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes developed across the south-central United States on the morning of January 10.
Along its 13.6-mile track, the estimated EF-2 tornado produced major roof damage to several homes, damaged a mobile home and destroyed another, destroyed several agricultural structures and outbuildings, and downed multiple powerlines along Arkansas Highway 109 between Prairie View and Midway.
Heavy rains caused the Elm Fork of the Trinity River in Gainesville to rise to moderate flood stage, cresting at 21 ft. 545 flights were delayed and 445 canceled at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.
Around midnight, as the line of severe thunderstorms moved eastwards, a tornado warning was issued for 500,000 in South Houston, Pasadena and Deer Park.
In the Plains and Upper Midwest, who were north of the boundary, moderate to heavy snow fell, accompanied by icing in some areas.
The wintry aspect of the storm canceled over 1,000 flights, left 30,000 without power and is blamed for numerous car crashes.
In Chicago, where 800 flights were canceled, high winds, gusting up to 50 mph, are forecast to produce up to 23-foot waves, prompting the NWS to declare a Lakeshore Flood Advisory.
Southern Ontario, several January rainfall records were broken after a day of torrential downpours accumulating over 50 mm of rain over a large area.
The most rain fell at Sarnia however, where 61 mm of rain fell, the previous record being 29.6 mm, making a difference of 31.4 mm.
Since the winter of 2012-13, The Weather Channel has named major winter storms from a predetermined list made before every season.
A winter storm will only be named if the National Weather Service issues winter storm, blizzard or ice storm warnings to cover an area of 400,000 km² or a population of 2,000,000.
He trained as a marine pharmacist at the Rochefort naval medical school, from which he graduated with the rank of assistant pharmacist in 1881 and pursued a career as a pharmacist on military ships.
He then entered the health service of the colonies in 1891 and carried out a scientific mission in the French Congo.
He was governor of Dahomey from 1900 to 1906, New Caledonia from 1906 to 1908 and Guinea from 1908 to 1910.
After playing collegiate basketball for Sam Houston State University and Winston-Salem State University, Jackson was signed professionally for CN Aurel Vlaicu București (based in Bucharest, Romania) in 2017 to compete in the Liga I, later signing for Al-Khor in 2018 as the youngest imported player at the time for the Qatari Basketball League, where he was the top scorer for the season.
Jackson was born in Paterson, New Jersey in 1994, and first played varsity basketball for Northwest Cabarrus High School as a junior point guard.
After returning to North Carolina to attend Evelyn Mack Academy, Jackson was signed to Dodge City Community College in Kansas due to his high point averages at high school.
After performing two seasons for Dodge City, Jackson signed with Sam Houston State University for the 2015-16 season, however was benched after four games due to a torn ligament.
After recovering, Jackson returned to North Carolina, transferring to the Winston-Salem State Rams for the second semester of the 2016-17 season, where he was the second-lead scorer for the season.
Jackson decided to bypass his final season on the Rams and play professionally, signing with CN Aurel Vlaicu București in Bucharest to compete in the Liga I league as a point guard.
Despite Al-Khoor's poor performance in the league, Jackson had an individually great season, being the number one scorer of the league for the 2018-19 season, with an average of 24.3 points.
After completing his business studies, he initiated his global trading firm where he consulted companies like Birla group, Barrick Gold, Sun Microsystems, IBM.
Gisela Fullà-Silvestre was born in Barcelona and graduated from Berklee School of Music with a degree in film scoring and sound design.
The 2015 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships for A-Pool teams (Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia, United States) was held at HarborCenter in Buffalo, New York, United States, from April 26 through May 3, 2015.
The World Championships for B-Pool teams (Austria, Great Britain, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden) was held at Östersund Arena in Östersund, Sweden, from March 15 to March 21, 2015.
Catherine Connors is an American lawyer from Maine who is an announced nominee to be a Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.
Connors earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Northwestern University in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law in 1984.
Connors also filed an amicus brief in the U.S. Supreme Court in support of striking down the Defense of Marriage Act.
Hagen Peak is a 2,635-meter (8,645-foot) double summit mountain located on the western boundary of Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada.
The mountain was named after Canadian Army Private Alfred G. Hagen of Field, BC, who was serving with the 10th Canadian Infantry Brigade when he was killed in 1944 World War II action, during the liberation of Calais, France.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Hagen Peak is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
He was ordained in 2003 and initially served in the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia until 2010 as Diocesan youth minister and rector in Kalbarri.
In 2013 Brain moved to the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn where he initially served as Director of Parish Support, Chaplaincy and Mission, where he has worked closely with parishes and chaplains to develop their capacity for ministry.
On 13 June 2015, Brain was consecrated as bishop by Archbishop Glenn Davies and installed as an Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Goulburn and Canberra.
In the Assistant Bishop role, Brain was responsible for ministry training and development in the Diocese, and oversaw parish support chaplaincy and mission.
He also served as the Rector of Arawang Anglican Church in Kambah in Canberra, and as deputy chair of the board of St Marks Theological College.
Born in Munich, Forbach spent large parts of her childhood and her youth in the belonging to the family of Cetto.
Her original career goal was a teacher of home economics, but at her mother's request she studied singing in Munich from 1916.
In 1921 Forbach was engaged at the Theater Augsburg, from 1924 at the Staatstheater Stuttgart before she was engaged by Otto Klemperer to the Krolloper in Berlin.
During her time in Berlin, Forbach had a number of guest contracts, for example in 1926 and 1928 at the Wiener Staatsoper and at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden.
She sang at the Bavarian State Opera and at the Semperoper, 1930 in Amsterdam, 1931 at the national operas of Belgrade and Zagreb.
After further engagements at the Hamburg State Opera in 1934/35, at the Nationaltheater Mannheim (1935) and 1936 at the Forbach ended her singing career and worked as an actress.
Until the end of the Second World War she performed at the Altonaer Theater in Hamburg, at the Schiller Theater in Berlin and in Düsseldorf.
After the end of the war Forbach worked in Essen, at the Münchner Kammerspielen and most recently at the Schauspiel Köln.
From 1960 onwards, Forbach was occasionally seen on television, and she also appeared in several radio play productions of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk.
Forbach was born as the eldest of three sisters as daughter of General Otto Staubwasser and his wife Marianne Staubwasser, née von Cetto.
Munida gregaria is a species of squat lobster found along the eastern sea-board of South Island, New Zealand , around the southern coast of Tasmania and in a few locations around southern Tierra del Fuego.
Its specific epithet derives from its behaviour in the immature phase to form very large shoals or swarms of many tens of thousands of individuals in shallow coastal waters.
Jonathan Shaquille González Álvarez (born 22 June 2000) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a defender for Primera División side Defensor Sporting.
A youth academy graduate of Defensor, González made his professional debut on 16 March 2019 in a 6–2 league defeat against Liverpool.
On 10 January 2020, he was called up to Uruguay U23 team for 2020 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament to replace injured Emiliano Ancheta.
Ali Auglah (born 11 March 2002), is an Australian professional football player who plays as a forward for Western Sydney Wanderers.
Andrew M. Horton is an Maine state court judge who is an announced nominee to be a Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.
Horton earned a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard University in 1972 and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1977.
He was first appointed to the Maine Superior Court in January 2007 by Governor John Baldacci and was renominated in January 2014 by Governor Paul LePage.
On January 6, 2020, Governor Janet Mills announced the nomination of Horton to the seat to be vacated by Donald G. Alexander who will retire at the end of January 2020.
Char is a French feminine given name that is a variation of Chardonnay, Charlene, and Charlotte and a feminine form of Charles.
Lewis was raised in Seattle's Ballard neighborhood to a family of local political organizers; his father worked for Seattle City Light and his mother was a nurse at Harborview Medical Center.
His activities in politics began in high school by attending marches and volunteering for political campaigns, including stints on the Seattle Youth Council and the board of the Washington State Young Democrats.
Lewis attended the University of Washington, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in history and political science, and interned with the Seattle City Council.
Lewis graduated from the London School of Economics with a masters degree and University of California, Berkeley, with a law degree, having also served as a teaching assistant for former Labor Secretary Robert Reich, who later endorsed him.
Upon his return to Seattle, Lewis was appointed to serve on the Seattle Human Rights Commission and the Rental Housing Inspection Stakeholder Committee.
He also worked as a deputy prosecutor for the King County Juvenile Division until he left to work as an assistant city attorney for Seattle.
Lewis announced his campaign for the District 7 council seat in November 2018, shortly after incumbent Sally Bagshaw announced she would not run.
Lewis finished first among the field in the primary election, with 32 percent of the vote, and advanced to the general election alongside former Seattle Police Department chief Jim Pugel.
His campaign received financial support from a local hotel workers union's political action committee, while Pugel received support from Amazon and the Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce.
Lewis was sworn in on December 31, 2019, at the community P-Patch atop the Mercer Garage at the Seattle Center, which he announced would not close.
He took office in January 2020 and is set to serve on a regional homelessness governing board alongside at-large councilmember Lorena González.
The municipality was responsible for the construction of the Kalgoorlie Town Hall as its new headquarters in 1907-09, which replaced earlier municipal chambers in Brookman Street.
The clan is officially recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, however as the clan does not currently have a chief recognized by the Court of the Lord Lyon, it is therefore considered an Armigerous clan.
Moubray, also seen as Mowbray and Mobray, is a name of Norman origin, coming from the House of Mowbray from ancient barony of Montbray in Normandy.
Robert de Moubray, is first recorded as witness to the gift of Staplegortoun to Kelso Abbey, during the reign of Malcolm IV of Scotland.
The Moubray’s were supporters of John Balliol and the English during the First War of Scottish Independence and were forfeited of lands before switching sides to Robert the Bruce.
He is the head football coach at the United States Merchant Marine Academy in King's Point, New York, a posiiton he has held since 2005.
Toop was also the head men's lacrosse coach at Union College in Schenectady, New York from 1985 to 1987 and Colgate University in Hamilton, New York from 1988 to 1991.
Abdulreza Shahlai () is an Iranian military officer with the rank of Brigadier General who serves in the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Shahlai is classified by the US government as a 'terrorist' for his funding of terror groups and his links to attacks on US troops in Iraq, including a 2007 raid that killed five US soldiers in Karbala.
As such, the US State Department has put a 15m USD bounty on Shahlai, through the Rewards for Justice Program, for information leading to his whereabouts.
On the night of 3 January, the US military attempted to assassinate Shahlai via drone strike in conjunction with the assassination of the head of the Quds Force Qasem Soleimani in the Baghdad International Airport airstrike.
The drone strike in Sana'a, where Shahlai was based, failed to kill him but did lead to the death of lower ranked IRGC member Mohammad Mirza.
On 10 January, the US State Department admitted to the attempted assassination of Shahlai, but did not announce it on the same date as the Soleimani assassination because the Shahlai assassination was unsuccessful.
This led to speculation the 3 January drone strikes were wider decapitation hits aimed at taking out the Quds Force leadership.
She represented the United States at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships, earning a silver medal in the women's 100 m. In 2019 she won the 60 m at the NCAA Division I Indoor Championships and anchored the winning relay team at the NCAA Division I Outdoor Championships.
Wallingford Mendelson (29 December 1872 – 19 August 1902) was a New Zealand cricketer, rugby player and athlete of the 1890s.
Wally Mendelson was one of several children of Julius Mendelson, who was the first postmaster in Temuka, in the South Canterbury region, in 1869.
He also won an athletics Blue in 1895, when he defeated Oxford University's champion athlete C. B. Fry in the long jump.
He returned to New Zealand and practised law in Temuka, where he was an influential player and administrator in cricket and rugby in the South Canterbury region.
Opening the batting for South Canterbury against Canterbury in a two-day match in December 1899 he scored 26 not out, carrying his bat in a total of 44 all out.
He moved to South Africa in May 1902, intending to live there permanently, but he contracted myelitis and died in hospital in Durban a few weeks after arriving.
The Pattaya bid for the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics is the official bid to bring the Games of the V Summer Youth Olympiad, to the city of Pattaya, and the province of Chonburi, also the city of Bangkok.
Bangkok, Thailand bid 2010 Summer Youth Olympics after the successful of 1998 Asian Games and 2007 Summer Universiade, but eliminated from shortlist, then the ASEAN counterpart, Singapore, won the inaugural YOG.
At Bangkok's elimination, the major factors were too low a budget (US$34 million), widespread venues which again would have caused too great travel times, and with Thailand's recent political upheavals, concerns over upcoming elections and lack of government guarantees.
After successful of inaugural bid, late IOC member Nat Indrapana mulled for the bid 2022 Summer Youth Olympics, and planned to use Thammasat University in Rangsit, Pathum Thani Province and Huamark Sport Complex in Bangkok, according to IOC preference to reduce costs from new venues.
The bid for 2026 Summer Youth Olympics was initiated idea of IOC member Khun Ying Patama Leeswadtrakul after elected as IOC member during 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru Her idea was supported by the President of NOCT, Deputy Prime Minister Gen. Prawit Wongsuwan.
Khun Ying Patama and Gen. Prawit made a strong interest to host next Summer Youth Olympics to the IOC President Thomas Bach during 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
During 2018 SportAccord Convention in Bangkok, President Bach attended to this convention, visited Thailand women's national volleyball team and Thailand national futsal team at Huamark National Sport Training Center and met the Prime Minister Gen. Prayuth Chan-o-cha at Thai-Khu-Fah Building, Government House of Thailand.
On 15 March, During NOCT Executive Board Meeting, Khun Ying Patama Leeswadtrakul representative revealed that she discussed Thomas Bach about 2026 Youth Olympics bid and NOCT EB appointed NOCT Secretary General Maj.Gen.
On 28 April, Ittipol Kunplome, Minister consultant of Tourism and Sports is the chair of city selection for bidding 2026 Summer Youth Olympics commission.
Jaruek Areeradchakaaran revealed that Thailand hadn't interested in the future Asian Games after held in 1998 in Bangkok but have interested in only Youth Olympics because the government have supported this event.
On 3 September, Khun Ying Patama Leeswadtrakul was confident that Thailand will host 2026 Summer Youth Olympics and defeat India due to many experiences of Thailand.
Jaruek Areeradchakaaran, Minister Weerasak Kowsurat, and others nation sport keymans agreed that YOG will make benefits to Thailand if nation hosts.
On 2 October, the Cabinet of Thailand approved the plan of the bid 2026 Youth Olympics by Ministry of Tourism and Sports, Ministry of Tourism and Sports offered estimated income and revolving money from the games about 1,000 million Thai baht.
On 12 October, Minister Weerasak Kowsurat, IOC member Khun Ying Patama Leeswadtrakul, Sport Authority of Thailand governor Kongsak Yodmanee, and ANOC member and NOCT advisor Somsak Leeswadtrakul visited to observe 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
They also met IOC president Thomas Bach and chairman of organizing committee Leandro Larosa, discussing guideline for 2026 Youth Olympics bid.
After the cabinet made Ministry of Tourism and Sports studied the plan of 2026 Youth Olympics, Sport Authority of Thailand vice governor Natthawut Reungwaes revealed that the committee was planned to use temporary venues and build new venues if necessary.
On 6 November, Sport Authority of Thailand executive board visited Sport England and World Academy of Sport in Manchester, United Kingdom.
On 15 January, SAT visited and evaluated Chonburi about feasibility to be host the 2026 games, since this province situate at Eastern Economic Corridor and is served by many infrastructures such as U-Tapao International Airport and Eastern High-speed rail travelling from Bangkok to Chonburi in 30 minutes.
On 2 February, Chonburi administrators selected venues in Mueang Chonburi District, Saen Suk City, Bang Lamung District, Pattaya City, and Sattahip District and Ambassador City Jomtien will serve for athletes accommodation.
Charouck Arirachakaran spoke about a possible candidature of Thailand to host 2021 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, 2025 Asian Youth Games, 2026 Summer Youth Olympics and 2030 Asian Games.
During OCA Solidarity Regional Forum in Bangkok, IOC member Khun Ying Patama Leeswadtrakul revealed the plan of the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics that Huamark Sport Complex in Bangkok will serve for this games together with Chonburi.
On 18 November 2019, the bid committee met IOC member Ng Ser Miang and observed the Singapore Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee.
Khun Ying Patama will present to Bach about benefits and legacies that Thailand will be received from Youth Olympics, and insisting on reductions to the games' budget, inheriting Olympism and Olympic Movement through Olympic Education, Culture and Environment, and the public supports.
Situated at Eastern Economic Corridor, Chonburi Province have progressed many infrastructural projects and seamless operation of transportation in providing vital linkages for air, land, rail and sea routes.
The venues of the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics will be served by Don Mueang International Airport (40,758,148 passengers) in Pathum Thani Province, Suvarnabhumi Airport (63,378,923 passengers) in Samut Prakan Province, and U-Tapao International Airport (1,860,794 passengers) in Rayong Province.
In December 2019, U-Tapao International Airport opened the second terminal that have increased the total passenger capacity to 5 million over 5 years.
The next phase of local airport is to establish the third terminal that will have increased the total passenger capacity to 60 million over 20 years.
By 2023, the Eastern High-speed rail line will have operated that will link Don Mueang and Suvarnabhumi with 160 km per hour (Today is Airport Rail Link) and will link Suvarnabhumi and U-Tapao with 250 km per hour.
It would be a compact Youth Olympic Games, with travel times of less than 30 minutes between Chonburi Province and Bangkok.
And MRT Orange Line will link to Eastern High-speed rail urban route by the feeder line MRTA Yellow Line at the Hua Mak Station.
The Bang Sue Central Station will be the center of the railway transportation of the games that will connect the Thammasat cluster by north Eeastern HSR line, Huamark cluster by MRT Orange Line, and other clusters in Chonburi Province by south Eeastern HSR line.
He made his professional debut for the Aizawl against Mohun Bagan on 30 November 2019, He started and played full match he kept clean sheet as Aizawl drew 0–0.
McGee was interested in racing as a child, but he either could become a professional snowboarder or go to the military, and he chose the latter.
After moving from California to Alaska and serving for eight years in the United States Air Force beginning in 2001, he started racing when a go-kart facility opened near his town of Eagle River, Alaska.
He competed in the Extreme Racing League, a go-kart series in its first year, where he won every race on the way to the championship.
In 2018, McGee competed in the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series, finishing second in points and driving at his home track, Alaska Raceway Park.
McGee made his debut in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West at the season-finale at Kern County Raceway Park in the No.
For 2019, McGee had been announced to run at the Tucson doubleheader race in one of the Jefferson Pitts Racing cars, but this did not end up happening.
McGee stated in an interview for the Racing-Reference website that he was hoping to run full-time in the ARCA Series and also make his Truck Series debut in 2020.
He drove an ARCA Menards Series car for the first time at the series' Daytona testing in January 2020, driving for Our Motorsports in the No.
His grandfather worked on and built racecars for drivers on the west coast of the U.S. McGee and his father, also involved in racing as a driver for Factory Polaris, would also watch NASCAR races on TV and attend local Sprint car races in person.
McGee's mother competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and won a gold medal after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis earlier in her life and being told she would not be able to walk again.
His mother is also a cancer survivor, which is why McGee often runs with Breast Cancer Awareness ribbons on his West Series cars and has run some races with his car number being the color pink.
Rodrigo Nicolás Formento Chialanza (born 25 September 1999) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Primera División side C.A.
A youth academy graduate of Cerro, Formento made his professional debut on 13 April 2019 in a 2–0 league defeat against Progreso.
On 1 May 2019, he made his continental debut in the first stage of 2019 Copa Sudamericana in a 3–1 win against Peruvian side UTC.
On 29 December 2019, Uruguay under-23 team head coach Gustavo Ferreyra named Formento in 23-men final squad for 2020 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament.
The Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and Equatorial Guinea () is a bilateral treaty signed on 23 October 1980 in Madrid by the First Vice President and Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Equatorial Guinea, Florencio Mayé Elá and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain, José Pedro Pérez-Llorca.
While on 12 October 1969 a cultural cooperation agreement was signed and subsequently, on 24 July 1971 two more agreements, the regime of Francisco Macías Nguema ceased all diplomatic contacts with the Francoist regime.
In Spain, the death of Francisco Franco in 1975 signaled the beginning of the transition to democracy, and the establishment of the constitutional monarchy of Juan Carlos I and the government of Adolfo Suárez.
In Equatorial Guinea, the 1979 coup d'état, subsequent execution of Macías and formation of the Supreme Military Council established the regime of Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo and allowed the restoration of bilateral relations between the two countries.
On 31 October 1979, a cooperation agreement and an action protocol were signed for the first time since 1971, and were followed by a financial cooperation agreement and two protocols on 5 December 1979.
In 1980, in the months prior to the signing of the Treaty, seven agreements or protocols were agreed between the two countries, among them those that allowed the presence of the Spanish National University of Distance Education (UNED) in Malabo and Bata.
After the Treaty, a series of joint ventures were created, 50% owned by each country, including GEPSA (oil, with the participation of Hispanoil), GEMSA (minerals, partly belonged to ADARO, a company of INI), Guinextebak (Banco Exterior de Guinea Ecuatorial y España), CETA (Compañía Ecuatoguineana de Transporte Aéreo) and OFICAR, for urban passenger transport.
A couple of weeks after the signing of the Treaty, Obiang made his first trip to France, on the eve of a tour of Juan Carlos I through Gabon and Cameroon, with a stopover in Equatorial Guinea, in the first half of December.
As one of the thirteen bishops killed in the Republican zone during the Spanish Civil War, he has been recognized as a martyr of the Catholic Church and was beatified on October 13, 2013 as part of the 522 Spanish Martyrs.
As an Oratorian, he founded a confraternity under the patronage of Saint Joseph, an organization intended to revitalize the spiritual and parish life of working married men.
On February 16, 1928 he was appointed apostolic administrator of Ibiza and was consecrated as the titular bishop of Selymbria on April 15 of the same year by Archbishop Federico Tedeschini.
On January 28, 1935 he became bishop of Lleida and on May 5 he took possession of the diocese, succeeding Bishop Manuel Irurita.
He was imprisoned in the prison of Lleida with other Catholics, both ecclesiastics and lay people, where he distinguished himself by continuing to minister to his fellow prisoners.
On August 5, 1936 he was taken from prison with twenty lay people and brought to the municipal cemetery of Lleida.
Instead, he requested that he be the last of the group to be executed so he could bless the other victims as they died.
The 2019–20 Indian Women's League final round will be played between twelve teams divided into two groups to decide the champion of Indian Women's League fourth season.
Top two teams from each group will make it to the semifinals, will be played on February 10 and the final will be held on February 14.
From January 8, 1983 to June 21, 1985, he served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Training of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).
Jeremiah S. Jeremiah, Jr. (1935 – July 19, 2015) was an American jurist who served as the Chief Judge of the Rhode Island Family Court from March 1987 until June 2010.
When Cranston Mayor Edward DiPrete won the gubernatorial election in 1984, Jeremiah was appointed Executive Counsel to the Governor of the State of Rhode Island and served in that capacity from January 1985 until his appointment to the Family Court bench as an associate judge in March 1986.
As Chief Judge, Jeremiah oversaw the creation of the Juvenile Drug Court, the Family Treatment Court and the Mental Health Court Clinic.
He also served on the Board of Trustees of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and the Rhode Island Governor's Justice Commission.
Among other things, Grant argued that Jeremiah's record and that of DiPrete, the Governor who appointed him to the bench and was later imprisoned for corruption, warranted a closer look at Jeremiah's actions as Chief Judge.
He also noted that since Jeremiah's retirement, out of state placements had decreased and David Tassoni, Jeremiah's former law clerk, was found to not have a law degree at all yet unlawfully mediated divorce cases and acted as a magistrate judge in other cases.
The is an archaeological site containing a Muromachi period kiln located in what is now part of the city of Seto, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan.
Located in the hills of eastern Seto, this kiln was built in the Muromachi period and is recorded as having been in use until the early modern era.
The Konagasō kiln is one of the best preserved of these kilns, as most have been destroyed or vandalized over the years.
The ruins were known since the Edo period and in 1946 this was the first kiln site to be excavated by the by the Japan Ceramic Association.
A large number of shards of Seto ware were discovered in the ash and debris in front of the kiln and were found to be from a wide variety of jars, vases and other objects.
Stephen Pickard is an Australian academic and Anglican bishop, currently serving as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn since 2013 and as Executive Director of the Australian Centre for Christianity and Culture since September 2013 (part of the Faculty of Arts and Education at Charles Sturt University).
He was consecrated in 2007 and previously served as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Adelaide from 2007 to 2013, and as head of St Mark's National Theological Centre (and head of the School of Theology at Charles Sturt University) from 1998 to 2006.
Milton Enoch Daniel (October 6, 1890 – April 16, 1958) was an American independent oil operator, college football player and coach, and an important figure in the history of Texas Christian University (TCU).
He played football at TCU, from 1908 to 1911, and one season at the University of Texas at Austin, in 1913.
In 1916, he returned to TCU to serve as the head football coach for two seasons, from 1916 to 1917, compiling a record of 14–4–1.
He was a generous donor to the University and served as the chairmen of its board of directors until his retirement in 1957.
Following the death of his mother when he was 10, Daniel and two brothers spent a short time in a Methodist orphanage before coming under the guardianship of a cousin, E. E. Cammack, in Waco.
When Daniel was 16, he left for Texas Christian University (TCU) for prep school and then enrolled in the college in 1908.
In 1912, Daniel moved on to the University of Texas at Austin, where he lettered for the Texas Longhorns football team in 1913 and earned a Bachelor of Laws degree.
The 2019 ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) Finals was the best-of-5 championship series of the 2018–19 ABL season and the conclusion of the season's playoffs.
After a decider Game 5, CLS Knights Indonesia eventually clinched the club's first franchise championship in its history, and the second ABL Championship that came from Indonesia.
It ceased to exist on 1 July 1969, when it was absorbed into the neighbouring Shire of Kalgoorlie, which was subsequently renamed the Shire of Boulder in November that year.
Maxence Rivera (born 30 May 2002) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the club Saint-Étienne in the French Ligue 1.
He made his professional debut with Saint-Étienne in a 6–1 Coupe de la Ligue loss to PSG on 8 January 2020.
Champaran Meat also known as Ahuna, Handi Meat or Batlohi, is a dish with its root from Champaran,a district of Bihar.
It is cooked slowly on low flame of log fire and tossed continuously while cooking.The taste and cooking time depend on the quality of meat.
Alan Clifford Frank (10 October 1910 – 23 June 1994), was a music publisher, clarinetist and composer, who headed the Oxford University Press Music Department between 1954 and 1975.
After the war he returned to OUP, becoming head of the Music Department in 1954 (succeeding Norman Peterkin) and remaining there until his retirement in 1975.
Frank also collaborated with Dart's widow, the composer and clarinetist Thea King on arrangements of Schumann and Mendelssohn for clarinet and piano, used as examination material for the Associated Board of Music.
This is the list of number-one tracks on the ARIA Club Chart in 2020, and is compiled by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) from weekly DJ reports.
Tragedy strikes in a remote Scottish village when a fire rages out of control at the Kendrick home, killing a mother and her three young children.
Other filming locations included Culzean Country Park; Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire; Irvine Beach in Irvine, North Ayrshire; and The Low Green Park in Ayr.
It feels far more solidly engineered, easily as convincing in its portrait of a small community suddenly shattered by an awful event, and it elicits more emotional investment from the off.
Back from the Brink: Pre-Revolution Psychedelic Rock from Iran: 1973–1979 is a 2-CD/3-LP compilation album of Iranian songwriter, singer, and composer Kourosh Yaghmaei's solo material, released in 2011.
The 2019–20 Indian Women's League season is the fourth season of the Indian Women's League, a women's football league in India.
Trevor Edwards is an Australian Anglican bishop, currently serving as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn since 2004, and as Vicar-General of the Diocese since 2009.
He was rector of parishes at Camden and Hurstville Grove in the Diocese of Sydney before being appointed Archdeacon of South Sydney in 1996 and Archdeacon for Ordination in the Sydney Diocese in 2000.
In February 2003, Edwards moved to Canberra to take up a position in the Diocese of Goulburn and Canberra as Archdeacon of South Canberra and Rector of St Matthew's Wanniassa.
In 2004 he was appointed a part-time assistant bishop in the Diocese, and in 2009 was invited by Bishop Stuart Robinson to become a full-time assistant bishop and Vicar-General of the Diocese.
The board's offices were located at 39 Porter Street, Kalgoorlie; the building survives today and has been classified by the National Trust of Australia.
It expanded significantly over subsequent decades as it absorbed abolished road districts in the region, absorbing the Bulong Road District on 9 June 1911, the Broad Arrow Road District on 7 July 1922 and the Kanowna Road District on 15 September 1922.
On 1 July 1969, it absorbed the abolished Town of Boulder, expanding to include an urban area for the first time.
The Central Ward was increased from three to four members and the Pastoral Ward decreased from two to one member on 22 January 1988.
Jayson Papeau (born 30 June 1996) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the club FC Chambly, on loan from Amiens.
Koba's history of abuse and torment leading him to becoming the main antagonist of the series was seen as one of the best villain arcs in modern cinema.
Eventually, Koba was picked up by the company Gen-Sys to be part of a testing procedure for the ALZ-113 retrovirus developed by Will Rodman, in hopes of curing Alzheimer's.
Koba was mocked briefly by Rodman's superior, Steven Jacobs, by knocking on Koba's window as he was being strapped in for the procedure.
While Koba was sedated, Franklin had breathed in enough of the 113 virus to become contaminated, which would begin the Simian Flu outbreak that caused humanity to die out.
After the procedure, Koba showed off his newfound intelligence by writing Jacobs' name on a writing computer screen, taunting him while he plots his revenge.
Koba followed Caesar and the rest of the apes to Muir Woods Park, where he attacked Rodman, but was stopped by Caesar before he could kill him.
Koba assists Caesar in saving Blue Eyes from a bear attack, and tells Blue Eyes not to be ashamed of his new scars from the encounter, as they show that he is strong.
The next day, Koba heard a gunshot ring throughout the forest, and finds Rocket's son Ash has been wounded by a group of humans with loaded guns.
Caesar scares the humans into retreating, and orders Koba to follow them, where he finds a small civilisation of humans that have survived the outbreak.
Koba insists on eradicating the humans for what they did to Ash, and comes into conflict with Rocket for this, who insists that what happened was simply an accident.
Caesar and the apes march to the humans' settlement and claim that they do not want war, and that the humans must stay out of the apes territory.
Malcolm, one of the co-founders of the human's settlement, returns to the woods to make peace with Caesar in order to gain access to a hydroelectric generator at a dam in the apes territory.
Koba fears that if the humans get more power, they will become more dangerous, to which Caesar replies that once they finish their work they will leave.
Koba observes that the humans have enough weaponry to wipe out the apes, and attempts to go and warn Caesar, but is caught by two human guards who threaten him.
Koba begins ranting that Caesar loves humans more than apes, and the two get into a fight where Caesar nearly beats Koba to death for his insolence.
Koba keeps the discovery of the guns a secret, and warns Blue Eyes that he fears for Caesar's safety due to the humans remaining in the apes' territory.
Koba kills the human Carver, who had shot Ash and was flippant with the apes previously, and takes his hat and cigarette lighter as souveniers.
Koba then uses the rifle to shoot Caesar in the shoulder as they both stare at each other, seemingly killing Caesar.
Koba leaves the items he took from Carver at the scene of the shooting, framing him for killing Caesar and burning down the village.
Koba wages war against the humans, claiming it to be in revenge for the death of Caesar and assuming leadership of the colony.
Koba charges into war with the rest of the male apes, killing many humans and leading to the deaths of many apes.
Koba demands that all human survivors are rounded up and taken prisoner, claiming that they will know life inside a cage, and imprisons Caesar's remaining sympathisers in a bus.
Caesar claims that Koba was like a brother to him, while Koba retorts that Caesar is a brother to the humans, and that Koba will free apes from tyranny.
Koba appears to haunt Caesar after he accidentally kills the gorilla Winter, who had joined forces with Colonel McCullough out of fear.
Koba appears to Caesar again while he is being tortured, mocking Caesar and claiming that he cannot save the apes, and he should succumb to his injuries and join him in death.
We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to.
Very early on in spitballing, we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba—certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story.
In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother.
Koba has been seen as one of the best movie villains of the 2010's, along with Thanos from the Marvel Cinematic Universe, as well as one of the best accomplishments in CGI and motion capture performances.
Koba has also been referred to on many occasions as being similar in nature to the relationship between The Joker and Batman, with The Joker often being referred to as the polar opposite of Batman, while also being his exact equal.
Here, he manages to rival his previous best performance as Gollum in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which is a testament to Serkis’ abilities as well as the visual effects.
It included all Leinster based League of Ireland clubs from the First Division and Premier Division, as well as a selection of intermediate level sides.
The 2020–21 Premier League will be the 29th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992.
Twenty teams will compete in the league – the top seventeen teams from the previous season and three teams promoted from the EFL Championship.
He hoisted the Flag of Bangladesh at Comilla Town Hall on 8 December 1971 after Comilla was clinched from the Pakistan Army.
The 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship is an upcoming international football tournament that will be held in the United States between 28 January to 9 February 2020.
A provisional list of players was published CONCACAF on 10 January 2020, with a maximum of 50 players per national team.
From the preliminary squad, the final list of 20 players per national team was submitted to CONCACAF by 21 January, one week prior to the opening match of the tournament.
Teams are permitted to make late replacements in the event of serious injury, at any time up to 24 hours before their first match, where the replacement players are required to be from the preliminary squad.
The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of the tournament.
Tabita Joseph and Angeline Gustave withdrew injured and were replaced respectively by Maudeline Moryl and Gaëlle Dumas on 27 January 2020.
Bashundhara Kings Women () is a Bangladeshi Women's association football club affiliated with Bashundhara Kings.It was established in 2019 ahead of 2020 Bangladesh Women's Football League.
The club were promoted to Third Division Football League but they decided to play Bangladesh Championship League, which is the second-tier league of the country by fulfill all the conditions to participate.
On 4 November 2017, Kings confirm their participation at Premier League as they clinch the title of 2017 Bangladesh Championship League after a dramatic 2–1 victory over Agrani Bank with one match remaining.
In September 2019, the club announced their women's team and they will take part in 2020 Bangladesh Women’s League, the top tier professional women's football league of Bangladesh which is resuming after seven years.
Bashundhara has declared the most powerful team of the season, with a crowd of 19 players in the national squad for the first team of the season..
Since they do not possess a dedicated home stadium, the women's first team will play its home and away games in Bir Sherestha Shaheed Shipahi Mostafa Kamal Stadiumalong the years.
The mountain was named after Canadian Army Private Herbert J. Poland of Golden, BC, who was killed in 1944 World War II action.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Poland is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Alistair Peter Asprey, CBE, AE, JP, (, born 1944) is a former Hong Kong government official who served as Secretary for Security from 1990 to 1995.
In the early 1980s, he was Deputy Director of Housing (Operations) for the Hong Kong Housing Authority, overseeing resettlement work under the sweeping housing policy of governor Murray MacLehose.
At that time, the Security Branch was facing a huge influx of Vietnamese boat people to Hong Kong, with over 32,000 arriving in 1989 alone.
As Secretary for Security, Asprey oversaw the detention of tens of thousands of Vietnamese, as well as their screening and repatriation.
He faced unresolved issues in the run-up to the 1997 Handover, such as right of abode arrangements and future treatment of fugitive offenders.
Born in Scotland in 1944, Asprey grew up in Jamaica where his father, British professor of botany Geoffrey Asprey, worked at the University of the West Indies.
Asprey was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1988 for his role in the development of the RHKAAF.
Mounts Baths was built in the 1930s, as part of a civic centre built on the site of a recently demolished prison.
There are large tiered windows, in reinforced concrete frames, on the sides of the pool hall, and these are supported by eight parabolic arches of reinforced concrete.
The story is based on the play The Society of Owners (Condominium), which Havelka also wrote and directed, and was presented by the theater company Vosto5.
Tenants of an apartment building meet at a regular house meeting to resolve the necessary sale of attic space to deal with the emergency state of the house.
Who has not experienced it, Jiří Havelka's new comedy will open its eyes to whether the house meeting is really hell.
Angels Unawares is a bronze sculpture by Timothy Schmalz installed in St. Peter's Square in the Vatican since September 29, 2019, the 105th World Migrant and Refugee Day.
The six-meter-long sculpture depicts a group of migrants and refugees on a boat wearing clothes that show they originate from diverse cultures and historical moments.
For example, there are a Jew fleeing Nazi Germany, a Syrian departing the Syrian civil war, and a Pole escaping the communist regime.
The idea for the sculpture originated with Cardinal Michael Czerny, a fellow Canadian and Undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section, who commissioned it in 2016.
A smaller reproduction, about a meter and a half high, will be permanently installed in the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.
The Sarajevo Operation was an operation by the Yugoslav Partisan Army which led to the liberation of Sarajevo and Central Bosnia in March-April 1945.
The German defense plan for Yugoslavia of 22 February 1945 had named Sarajevo as a fortified city, which could only be abandoned by direct permission from Adolf Hitler.
By 20 March , the failure of Operation Spring Awakening (the German offensive in Hungary) and the successful offensive of the Yugoslav 4th Army in Lika (North-Western Croatia), made holding Sarajevo pointless.
Under command of the Operational HQ for Liberation of Sarajevo were the 2nd, 3rd and 5th Corps of the Yugoslav army, supported by the 11th and 13th Krajina and 18th Central Bosnian Brigade, an Artillery Brigade and a Tank Company.
During the pursuit of the enemy, Yugoslav units liberated Visoko, Kakanj and on 10 April Busovača, which concluded the Sarajevo operation.
It forms at the confluence of two short rivers, the Left Yeloguy River and the Right Yeloguy River, both roughly long.
It flows roughly northeastwards across the flatland and in its lower course it meanders in the mostly flat and swampy taiga.
About before the mouth, the Crooked Yeloguy (Krivoy Yeloguy) splits to the right and flows roughly parallel to the main river.
The Yeloguy joins the left bank of the Yenisei forming a many-branched delta near Verkhne Imbatskoye (Verkhneimbatsk) village, located on the facing bank of the Yenisei.
A taiga zone of the lower course of the river, including its confluence with the Tyna River, was established as the Yeloguy Nature Reserve (Елогуйский Заказник) on 10 March 1987.
He has organized and produced several events including; Nigeria Radio Awards, African Achievers Awards (2011 and 2012), Young CEO Business Summit (2014), Stand Up For Dads, Warri Again, Flourish African Conference (2017), Seyi Tinubu Empowerment Project (STEP) and Nigeria Roadsafety Forum.
Anyaduba currently serves as the Project Director of the Ned Nwoko Malaria Eradication Project, an initiative of the Ned Nwoko Foundation.
Anyaduba is an Advocate of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and founder of International Initiative for the Advancement of SDGs in Africa (IIASDG), an NGO that promotes the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Africa.
He is the initiator of some advocacy projects which includes; Stand Up For Dads; An Awareness on Prostate Cancer, Nigerian Road safety Forum in Nigeria to drive awareness on pedestrian lanes and safety of Kids to School, Paint With The Stars; A Fundraising Event for Sickle cell Patients, etc.
He is currently Director for Projects and Partnership at the African Sickle Cell Support Foundation, an International NGO based in the US.
As a spokesperson and liaison officer for The Good Fathers Foundation, he coordinated the smooth running of the Litre of Light Project, a Community Development and Human Empowerment Projects for fathers and kids who have no father figures in partnership with Nottingham University UK and Litre of Light.
In the 2017 United Nations Road safety Week, he organized the SAFECROSS project; An Awareness on Pedestrian Crossing in Nigeria with the support of the United Nations Information Centre (UNIC) in Lagos Nigeria.
Through the IIASDG he founded the SDG Media Zone Africa and has organized 3 editions in Nigeria, Liberia and Ghana and plans to take it across other countries in Africa.
Prior to becoming a priest, Short worked as a Graduate Economist for the Department of Industrial Relations and as a journalist for the Sydney Morning Herald.
Upon his return to Australia, between 2002 and 2011, Short served as Rector of the parishes of Turvey Park and Tarcutta, during which he was appointed Vocations Director Archdeacon for the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn in 2007, followed by the Archdeacon of Wagga Wagga in 2009.
In 2011, Short became the National Director of the Bush Church Aid Society, a position which he held until his election as bishop.
On 10 November 2018, Short was elected as bishop of the Canberra and Goulburn Diocese after a vote (where Short was one of five candidates) of 124 clergy and 175 lay representatives, succeeding Stuart Robinson.
Short was consecrated bishop and enthroned as Bishop of Canberra and Goulburn in St Saviour's Cathedral on 6 April 2019 by Archbishop of Sydney Glenn Davies.
Short was one of several bishops who sent pastoral letters to parishes affected by the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season which heavily affected the diocese, expressing his shared grief.
An M.Sc in Chemistry from Anugrah Narayan College, Patna, Bihar, Abdullah Khan started his career as a banker with Bank of Baroda in 1998.
The tale of Arif Khan, a young Bihari Muslim boy who dares to desire a Hindu woman received huge positive review and got translated into nine languages including Urdu, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Bangla, Telugu, Odia and Marathi within a year.
Deshpande studied law after his graduation with Sanskrit as one of the subjects for Bachelor of Arts in 1934 and Master of Arts in Sanskrit in 1940 from Nagpur University.
He later joined Department of Sanskrit in Nagpur University as professor and worked from (1959 - 1972) and was the Head of the Department of Humanities from (1968 - 1972).
Robert Kajiwara (also known as Rob Kajiwara) (Japanese: , ロブ　カジワラ, Chinese: 魏孝昌) is a writer, actor, musician, and activist of Ryukyuan and Hawaiian descent.
His great-grandparents migrated from Nakagusuku Village, Okinawa, to Hawaii during the early 20th century where they worked on sugar cane plantations.
He is conversant and/or literate in several other languages, including the Okinawan language, Chinese Mandarin, Okinawan-Japanese, the Yaeyama language, the Miyako language, Hawaiian, and Hawaiian Pidgin.
He is currently working on a Ph.D. in History at Manchester Metropolitan University where he is researching the history of Ryukyu-China cross-cultural exchange.
Musically, Kajiwara performs in the genres of American / British pop, Hawaiian music, and traditional Ryukyuan music, sometimes combining elements from all four.
On December 8, 2018 Kajiwara started a petition calling for a stop to the construction of the military base being built at Henoko, Okinawa.
They condemned the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna Kea as well as Governor of Hawaii David Ige's handling of the situation.
In July 2019 Kajiwara spoke at the United Nations 41st Human Rights Council, asking for an investigation into Japan's human rights violations against Ryukyuans.
On February 20, 2019 while entering Japan from Hawaii at Kansai International Airport, Kajiwara was detained by immigration for 110 minutes.
According to Kajiwara he was interrogated and threatened to be denied entry into Japan before the Okinawan congressman Teruya Kantoku personally intervened on his behalf.
The police stated that they wanted to protect Kajiwara from potential attacks or harassment from far-right Japanese neo-nationalists who favor the Henoko military base, though Kajiwara and others dismissed such claims, stating that the police never interviewed him directly and did nothing to protect him from potential threats.
It was clear that the Dutch army and the regular warships of the Dutch navy could not deter enemy gunboats from descending down the many rivers or from entering the Zuiderzee or the Zeeland delta.
The Dutch naval budget equaled that of Austria, and superseded that of Turkey and Spain, but these three states each deployed 5-9 'battleships', while the Netherlands had none.
The Dutch navy tried to make the demand for many small vessels more bearable by designing a vessel that could be used in the Netherlands as well as in the Dutch East Indies.
For service in home waters they would not have to be loaded so heavily, and would therefore have the shallower draught required for coastal defense.
Somewhere before October 1859 the Dutch navy got the news that high pressure steam engines were not suitable for the far east.
It meant that the department of the navy published plans, and shipyards could offer to realize these at a certain price.
On 15 September Arie van der Hoog ceded the name A. van der Hoog and Compagnie to Nicolaas van der Werff merchant captain from Dokkum.
Nicolaas van der Werff would continue the company A. van der Hoog with its shipyards Koning William on the Hoogte Kadijk and the Parel on the Wittenburgergracht.
The preceding Hector had been a vessel of 34.60 m by 7.40 m with a draught of 3.20 m. After the news that high-pressure engines could not be used in the East Indies came in, the naval department set about to design a new dual purpose gunvessel that used a low pressure steam engine.
The requirement to be able to cross the oceans meant that the class had the heavy sails and rigging required to do so.
He stated that for certain purposes he thought the Haarlemmermeer class the best type of ship to send to the East Indies.
Due to the attempt to combine too much functions on a small surface, the heat of the engines could not properly escape the ship.
One wanted the vessels to be able to assist in the national defense by serving on our rivers, to be able to cross the ocean, and to serve in the East Indies.
They have too much draught, are hindered by too heavy sails and rigging, and do not have enough space to lodge the crew.
There were reports of the temperatures in the engine room reaching 150-180 degrees Fahrenheit (65-82 degrees Celsius) and of stokers fainting on the job.
By 1866 five of the nine ships in the class were no longer in service, all of them unfit after only a few years in the Dutch East Indies.
The problem that brought these ships to an early end was dry rot, now called brown rot, a fungus that causes wood to decay.
In general all steam vessels generated heat on the inside of the ship, and were therefore more susceptible to dry rot than sailing ships, especially in the tropics.
At the time it was well known that seasoning the wood before use and ventilation of the ship were the only effective means to prevent dry rot.
Wood could be seasoned by storing it for some time before use, or by lengthening the construction time of ships, causing the wood to season while the ship was on the slipway.
In the plans (for the ships built at commercial shipyards) this principle has been neglected, because these plans all order a very speedy delivery of these ships, so they cannot spend much time on the slipway.
He therefore admits that the time allowed for construction deviated from what he himself gave as a guideline for constructing ships on state shipyards.
Above all I fear that this will again be used as a reason not to built state ships on commercial shipyards.
The proposal is supported by just one of the political parties represented in the Danish Parliament, which has less than 9% of the total seats.
Representatives of the far-right Danish People's Party (, DF), which has 16 seats (8.7%) of the 179 seats in the Danish Parliament, had already called for a Danish referendum on leaving the EU, in the run-up to the British vote on June 23, 2016.
The liberal party Venstre, Socialdemokraterne, Enhedslisten, Liberal Alliance, Alternativet, Det Radikale Venstre, Socialistisk Folkeparti, Det Konservative Folkeparti and the Kristendemokraterne Party are all against this proposal.
Populist and member of the European Parliament, Morten Messerschmidt has predicted that his country will leave the European Union within the next 10 years due to the success of Brexit.
Denmark has been a member of the EU since 1973 and has had a Eurosceptic majority for a long time; nevertheless a majority support continued Danish membership of the EU.
The poem is 742 lines long, consisting of twenty-one blank verse paragraphs with two embedded rhyming poems, plus sixty-four footnotes written by Smith.
The poem begins with an apostrophe addressing the cliffs of Beachy Head and the hour when the land mass of Britain was separated from mainland Europe to become an island.
The speaker of the poem then describes dawn on the coast, fishing boats, and a merchant ship bringing pearls from Asia, which prompts the speaker to criticize consumerism of luxury goods.
The poem then shifts back in time to describe the history of Beachy Head during the Norman conquest, drawing parallels to Britain's current resistance to current French threats of invasion.
The poem describes the happiness of a hind and two village children, whose innocence allows them happiness which the speaker compares to her own lost idyllic childhood.
The poem then moves to look down upon the roofs of houses in the village, the church, and gardens, then discusses the natural history of some local plants and animals.
This leads to a contemplation of fossils embedded in the cliffs of Beachy Head, and how scientists and antiquarians describe and interpret them.
The poem revisits some of its core themes again, then ends with two portraits: a roving poet who disappears, and a hermit from a local legend who saves sailors from shipwrecks.
The poem promisees to provide an epitaph for the hermit, but then ends abruptly without it; critics are undecided whether the poem was unfinished because Smith died before it was complete, or whether the ending was intentionally left unwritten.
Smith sent a draft of the poem to her publisher, Joseph Johnson, around five months before her death in October 1806.
In this reading, it has been suggested that the missing elements are the biographical sketch and selected letters that Johnson had intended to add to the book.
It was written during the Napoleonic Wars, which directly followed the French Revolutionary Wars, such that England and France had been in conflict for fifteen years at the time of the poem's composition.
The poem also discusses important moments of British history, such as the Danish conquest of England and the Norman conquest, as well as the inhabitants of prehistoric Britain.
The poem has been described as a dialectical exploration of historiography, placing local personal histories alongside grand national narratives of history.
Scholars also draw attention to its relation to the ongoing history being made of the Napoleonic war, and Smith's support of revolutionary efforts in America and France.
Leocadia Zorrilla, married name: Leocadia Weiss (9 December 1788, Madrid - 7 August 1856, Madrid) was the old-age companion of Spanish painter, Francisco Goya, and mother of the artist, Rosario Weiss Zorrilla.
In 1807, she was married to Isidore Weiss, a Jewish-German jeweler whose family lived in Madrid, and they settled into his parents' home.
In 1817, together with her two younger children, she moved in with Goya, who had become a widower in 1812; ostensibly to be his housekeeper.
In 1824, she was compelled to leave Madrid for Bayonne, as her son, Guillermo, had become involved in the revolutionary activities of Francisco Espoz y Mina.
Although Leocadia had a fiery, restless temperament, and Goya had become rather feeble, they appeared to enjoy each other's company and were often seen in public together.
She was left in a rather precarious financial state, not having been included in his will, but Javier allowed her to keep his father's furniture, as well as providing her with some money.
Despite Javier's apparent generosity, her letters indicate that the following five years were difficult and that she survived largely by virtue of a pension from the French government.
They supported themselves on what Rosario was able to earn; copying and selling works of the Old Masters at the Museo del Prado.
In 1840, Rosario was accepted at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando and received an appointment as drawing tutor to Princesses Isabel and Luisa Fernanda, receiving a salary of 8,000 Reales.
What became of Leocadia after that is unclear, although it is known that she was forced to sell several works of Goya's that she had retained.
It is located in the Perth central business district at 8–10 The Esplanade, and sits along the south-western side of Sherwood Court.
The building was constructed for the Atlas Assurance Company, in an Inter-War Free Classical style, with an art-deco entrance and elevator.
Recurrent themes in Putuma's work are love, queerness, decolonial struggle and the legacy of apartheid, as well as the intersection of patriarchy with those ideas and identities.
Within three months of its release the book sold 2000 copies, had 17 launches across South Africa and was on the syllabus at two universities.
Burger's critique places Putuma's use of the water as a literary device within the context of other South African poets, such as Ronelda S Kamfer.
Whilst it was Putuma's poetry that brought her to a global stage, her work for stage has also been received to critical acclaim, dealing with contemporary political issues.
Ignacio Vicente Jr., commonly known as Iñaki Vicente, (1955 – 9 January 2020) was a Filipino football player who played for the Philippines national football team.
He finished his basic education in 1972 and entered De La Salle University where he graduated in 1977 with a bachelor's degree in business administration.
An active collegiate player in the 1970s, Vicente played for the senior football team of the De La Salle University from 1973 to 1976.
He also played for the junior football team of La Salle Green Hills as a high school student from 1968 to 1972.
In the club level, Vicente has played for San Miguel Corporation's football team, helping the team in making its runner-up finish in the 1977 Lobregat Cup.
He also played for other teams such as Pepsi Cola, PTGWO, Tancho, Tigers, and the football team of the Manila Jockey Club.
Vicente was a player for the Philippines senior national team from 1973 to 1989, taking part in the Asian qualifiers for the 1972 Summer Olympics in 1971, and in the Asian qualifiers for the 1976 Summer Olympics in 1973.
He was also part of the squad that played in the 1974 Asian Games and also represented the Philippines in the AFC Youth Championship in 1971, 1972, and 1974.
His father Ignacio Sr, played for the national team in Interport tournaments in Hong Kong while his brothers also played for De La Salle.
In the early of the model, he worked as a model for KTM, International Artfair Show, Hanbok and wedding pictorials, and so on.
Afterward he has worked as a main and sub model of various brands such as Fubu, Samsung Card, Indeed 8, Cass, Talesweaver.
The ATO released a song 'My heart was just you', and at the same time debuted by releasing a song called 'Keep-On' in the movie Fashion King.
He then served in the mandatory military service for a year and nine months in a nearby the military demarcation line in Korea.
After attending, he signed a contract with the Campbell Agency based on Dallas in the United States, he is modeling of various brands such as Gregory, Stanley Korshak, J. Hillburn, Dolce & Gabbana.
Gustav Adolf's Page () is a 1960 German-Austrian historical adventure film directed by Rolf Hansen and starring Liselotte Pulver, Curd Jürgens, and Ellen Schwiers.
It was shot at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna and on location in the Bavarian town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber.
It evolved out of an institution founded in 1816, it was initially non-denominational, it as greatly expanded and developed when it came under presbyterian control and Rev.
Other denominations had their similar institutions in Belfast, such as the Catholic Good Shepard Home, Ballynafeigh (established in 1867), and the Anglican Ulster Magdalene Asylum, Donegall Pass, also established in 1839.
A new building was built and opened in 1902 in the grounds of Whitehall House, Ormeau Road, Belfast, which is now Haypark Residential Home.
The site is located on a hillside at an altitude of 140 meters, and is approximately 300 meters from Japan National Route 362 between downtown Toyohashi and the town of Mikkabi in neighboring Shizuoka Prefecture.
The cave has a height of about 1.3 meters at the entrance, with a wide interior, and a depth of about 70 meters.
Relics excavated include Jōmon pottery with pressed designs, stone and animal horn tools, as well as animal bones, fish bones, and shells.
The cave is the subject of numerous legends, including a legend that it extended to a tunnel leading all the way to Zenkō-ji in Nagano Prefecture.
Hubert R. G. Schwyzer (March 16, 1935 - June 22, 2006) was an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
The family was forced to leave Austria nine months after the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.
Hubert grew up in England and attended a Jesuit boarding school before joining the Royal Air Force, where he served from 1953 to 1955.
In 1959 he came to the United States for graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley and earned his doctorate in 1968.
He taught at the University of Alberta for two years from 1963 to 1965, and then at University of California, Santa Barbara from 1965 until his retirement in 2002.
No one was injured during their campaign, but one member was killed in an accident at a riot, an incident that was captured by a news photographer.
Reasonable Adjustment or RAD went further than other disability rights groups at the time as they advocated violence to achieve their goals.
In January 2020, an exhibition on the movement by filmmaker and artist Justin Edgar will open at the The Art House Gallery in Wakefield.
The competition at these Games comprised a total of 70 athletes coming from 12 different nations; each was allowed to enter no more than 8 divers if entering teams into the synchronized diving events, or 6 divers if not.
The top twenty divers from the South American Swimming Championships along with the top twenty from the Central American and Caribbean Games and the Central American and Caribbean Swimming Championships combined qualified, with the remaining 14 places from Zone 1 and 2 being made up according to FINA rankings.
Eight divers also qualified from Zones 3 and 4 (USA and Canada respectively) according to National Championships or trials held by the country.
Please note: Athletes could enter multiple events and therefore the numbers below are the number of entries each NOC made, not the number of athletes participating.
The Aigues-Vives tramway (French Chemin de Fer d'Aigues-Vives-Bourg a Aigues-Vives PLM or colloquially La Lignette) was a long narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of in Aigues-Vives in the department Gard in Southern France.
The secondary railway with a gauge of connected the Aigues-Vives station on the Nîmes-Lunel line of the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM) with the local fruit processing companies.
The companies produced mainly wine, jams and fruit syrups as well as wooden barrels for the transport of these fruit products.
Gard's member of the National Assembly, Émile Jamais, who was born in Aigues-Vives, belonged to the railway committee that was set-up in June 1886 for obtaining the concession.
This explains why the committee was well acquainted with the laws governing the construction of narrow-gauge railways and the necessary application procedure.
The 1697 m long single-track route ran from a square in the village to the station of the PLM on a 3.20 m wide route.
According to the time table, four trains with one passenger car per day were used for mixed passenger and freight traffic in each direction.
In the last years of the 19th century, more than 40 companies, some of which were very significant, were active in wholesale or barrique wine trade.
Later the wine was increasingly bottled in the consumer countries, whereby the direct transport from the winery was made much easier initially with wooden wine barrel wagons and later with steel tank wagons.
The disused route was dismantled, only the small bridges were initially preserved, and parts of the route were used as a dirt road that runs almost parallel to Rue de la Gare , which leads from the village to the train station.
Later, the site of the former narrow-gauge railway station in the village was used from 1931 as a bullring and as a fairground.
Borne was born in London but travelled extensively as a child with her family and for a time lived in Moline in the United States where her father owned a printing ink business.
Borne returned to Britain and studied sculpture at the Regent Street Polytechnic and also developed her singing ability to the extent she was offered, but refused, professional roles.
In 1933 she met Joyce Bidder who taught her to carve and with whom she set up a studio in Wimbledon in south London that they maintained together for some fifty years.
Borne worked in a wide variety of materials, including plastic, marble, stone and wood to produce statuettes, figurines, fountains and works in relief.
Between 1933 and 1971 she showed some 78 works at exhibitions of the Society of Women Artists and was elected an associate member of that body in 1949 and a full member in 1952.
She was also an associte member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors and for a time served as Vice-President of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters, Sculptors and Gravers.
She attended San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI) and graduated with a BFA degree in 1968 and a MFA degree in 1969.
In 1999, Ayhens received the World Views residency with studio space on the 91st and 92nd floors of the North Tower at the World Trade Center (WTC) through the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council (LMCC).
She attributed this residency to inspiring her love of painting New York and other urban landscapes, as if they were living creatures.
Ayhen's work is included in various public museum collections including the Oakland Museum of California, the Anderson Museum of Contemporary Art, among others.
The Battle of al-Mada'in was fought near al-Mada'in in central Iraq between the armies of the Hamdanids and the Baridis, for control over Baghdad, the capital and seat of the Abbasid Caliphate.
In a fiercely contested battle over four days (16–19 August 942) that cost both sides many casualties, the Hamdanid army prevailed.
By the 930s, after a series of civil wars that enfeebled its central government, the Abbasid Caliphate had splintered and shrunk to its core territories.
Effective control over the more distant provinces of the empire had long been lost, but now autonomous local dynasties emerged in the territories around the Abbasids' metropolitan region of Iraq itself: Egypt and Syria came under the rule of the Ikhshidids, the Hamdanids secured control over Upper Mesopotamia, while most of Iran was ruled by Daylamite warlords, among whom the Buyids became prominent.
Even in Iraq itself, the authority of the caliphal government was challenged: in the south, around Basra, the Baridi family under Abu Abdallah al-Baridi established its own domain, more often than not withholding the tax revenues from Baghdad to fill their own coffers.
These autonomous rulers vied with one another, and with military warlords from what remained of the Abbasid army, over control of Baghdad, the administrative centre of Iraq and seat of the Abbasid caliphs.
In this turmoil, the Baridis managed to advance their positions from Basra to Wasit, gain the support of the Daylamites in the Abbasid army, and briefly capture Baghdad for the first time in June 941.
Baridi rule in Baghdad was tyrannical and chaotic, as the new rulers of the capital aimed only at extracting money; the city was rife with famine, disease, and lawlessness.
Many of the Turkish officers in Ibn Ra'iq's employ who had previously defected to the Baridis, such as Tuzun, plotted against the Baridi governor, Abu Abdallah's younger brother Abu'l-Husayn al-Baridi.
when this was betrayed, they fled north for Mosul with many of their troops, where they encouraged the Caliph and the Hamdanids to campaign against Baghdad.
The situation was still in the balance, however, as Abu Abdallah gathered his forces at Wasit and began moving against the capital.
Command of the Hamdanid army was entrusted to Nasir al-Dawla's brother Ali, with the Turks under their own commanders Tuzun and Khajkhaj, while the Baridi army was led by Abu'l-Husayn.
Several high-ranking Baridi officials and commanders, including their army secretary, were captured; others defected to the Hamdanids, as did the entire Daylamite contingent in the Baridi army.
Nasir al-Dawla, dismayed at these developments and exposed being far from his real power-base, decided to give up the capital, and in June 943, the two brothers returned to Mosul.
In September 943, while Tuzun was still in Wasit, the caliph once more appealed to the Hamdanids for aid: and army under Nasir al-Dawla's cousin al-Husayn appeared before Baghdad, and the caliph left the capital and went north, meeting Nasir al-Dawla at Tikrit.
Tuzun immediately abandoned Wasit and pursued the caliph north, heavily defeated Sayf al-Dawla in two battles near Tikrit, and captured Mosul itself.
An agreement was concluded between Tuzun and the Hamdanids on 26 May 944, whereby Nasir al-Dawla renounced his claims on the Caliphate's core lands in central Iraq, receiving in return recognition for his control over Upper Mesopotamia and his claims over Syria, in exchange for an annual tribute of 3.6 million dirhams.
Tuzun's victory was concluded when al-Muttaqi was persuaded to return to the capital, only to be deposed and blinded, and al-Mustakfi placed in his stead.
The Baridis also faced mounting challenges at the same time: they had to defend Basra against the ruler of Oman, and, their resources exhausted in the long contests for Baghdad, they now turned on one another.
This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q15).The gene encodes a protein that acts as a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator.This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
The German team of Bernhard Langer and Torsten Giedeon won by three strokes over the England team of Mark James and Richard Boxall and the Ireland team of David Feherty and Ronan Rafferty in a share of second place.
The victory was the first international sports victory for the united country of Germany, since the reunification of East and West Germany a month earlier.
Born in Berlin, Alfermann came to the Stadttheater Main in 1910 after acting lessons and singing training in the soprano range voice.
In December 1911 she had a guest performance at the Berlin Hofoper and so she left Mainz in 1912 and was a member of the ensemble there until 1917.
After that she lived in Berlin from 1918 on and worked as a guest from there, but at this time she already turned increasingly to operetta.
In the 1920s she continued her career at various Berlin stages as well as in the just opened entertainment radio .
In March 1922 she married Gustav Lombard, the later SS-Brigadeführer and Major General of the Waffen-SS, from whom she got a son the same year.
According to a marginal note in her entry in the Berlin Birth Register, Alfermann died in February 1954 in the Bavarian town of Gräfelfing at the age of 62.
Mikhail Yurievich Alekseyev (also Alexeev; in ; born January 4, 1964, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian banker, Chairman of the Management Board of UniCredit Bank; Ph.D. in Economics.
He is the author of five monographs focused on securities market issues, the first of which, published in 1993, became the first mass-published textbook in Russian on securities market.
Born in Chesterfield, Hunt played youth football with Nottingham Forest and Mansfield Town, and in non-league with Matlock Town, before signing for Derby County in February 2018.
Tyreece Romayo John-Jules (born 14 February 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays for Lincoln City, on loan from Arsenal, as a striker.
In 2019, he played on Arsenal's pre-season tour of the United States after being selected for it by the Arsenal head coach Unai Emery.
Later in the year, he started to train with the Arsenal first team squad at the request of Arsenal under-23s manager and then acting first team coach, Freddie Ljungberg.
The move was done by the Arsenal head coach Mikel Arteta in order for John-Jules to get first team football in his preferred 9 position.
The Lincoln City manager Michael Appleton praised John-Jules and stated he could see him starting in Arsenal's first team in the future.
The film was initially in production and was scheduled to be released in 2020, but now it's cancelled and being replaced by an animated musical film.
The movie was first revealed during a behind-the-scenes YouTube video posted by user Lindalee Rose, who visited ZAG studios in the U.S.
Jeremy Zag revealed in an interview on August 25, 2016 that the movie was in the scripting stage, and that the story of the movie would be based around Ladybug and Cat Noir's origins and how they both fell in love, while including more details.
At Los Angeles Comic-Con on October 30, 2016, a poster for the movie was revealed, and a release date of 2019 was announced.
However, the film has been replaced with a musical film called Ladybug & Cat Noir Awakening that's currently in production, with the film's release date being changed to 2021.
William Byrom (30 March 1915 – March 1989) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Burnley, Queens Park Rangers and Rochdale and in non-League football for Rossendale United and Stalybridge Celtic.
It was revealed that production of the movie is underway and that the film is billed as a romantic fantasy adventure.
The film consists of three short stories, the main characters of which are strange people who live in a village and have a rich inner world.
Normally the red basal area of loyselis separated into 2—3 longitudinal spots, and the apical patch into 2 red rounded spots.
David John Byrom (born 6 January 1965) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Blackburn Rovers and Stockport County.
The film tells about a man who lived all his life in the village with his wife Katerina, who gave birth to six children and became ill.
He sets off to look for work, but along the way he began to realize that he could not live without his family.
King Turan Pashang was delighted to hear of the death of Manouchehr, gathering all his commanders in a meeting and expressing his gratitude.
According to the Shahnameh, at the beginning of the New Year, or Nowruz, the Turan invasion began and reached the capital of Nowzar, and the Nowzar capital was besieged.
The Kay Khosrow Wars eventually led to the complete extinction of the Turan government, and the Iranians gained complete independence after centuries.
The story of Kay Khosrow escape from Turan to Iran is a detailed discussion, but what was clear was that Kay Khosrow was very angry with his grandfather Afrasiab.
Collings represented England and won a bronze medal in the 800 metres freestyle event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
She is a four times champion of the ASA National Championship over 800 metres freestyle in 1994, 1996, 1998 and 1999.
The Stockholm exhibition was opened by Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke with Princess Ingeborg of Denmark, the Swedish Foreign Minister Christian Günther, the Norwegian envoy Jens Bull, ambassadors for the Allied nations, and representatives of Stockholm in attendance.
On 9 April 1943, three years after the start of the German occupation of Norway there was a memorial service to commemorate Norwegian nationals who had died fighting the occupation.
The facility was built for American and Canadian military personnel arriving at Hurn Airport and was completed in 1942 during the Second World War.
It joined the National Health Service as a geriatric facility in 1948 and, after most of the wartime buildings were cleared away in the 1960s, a small community hospital was established on the site.
Alan Brian Christian Hansen (born January 26, 1971 in Frederiksberg, Denmark) is a Danish curler, a three-time and three-time Danish men's champion.
The film tells the story of Danish explorer Vitus Bering, who, by decree of Peter the Great in 1725, led the First Kamchatka expedition and made new discoveries, expanding the borders of the Russian Empire.
The Chambéry tramway was from 1892 to 1932 an up to long narrow-gauge steam tram network with 33 halts on four lines in Chambéry in Savoy in France.
Inspired by the Decauville railway at Exposition Universelle (1889), he chose a gauge of 600 mm, which was unusually narrow at the time.
In 1929, the section between Challes-les-Eaux and Saint-Jeoire-Prieuré was closed down, whereupon the tramway ended up again at its former terminus in front of the Casino, where it had been before the line was extended in 1905.
Due to increasing wear and tear and decreasing traffic, the steam tramway was finally closed down and replaced by a trolleybus between Chambéry and Chignin and by buses on the other lines.
The trolleybus was tested between Chambéry and Chignin in July 1930 and finally put into service three months later on 6 October 1930.
The rails were lifted and stored on the west side of the hangar of the Challes-les-Eaux airfield and then sold to the Barlet-Ravier company from Chambéry on 21 January 1931.
The decision to completely shut down the remaining line to Le Bourget-du-Lac was made on 28 September 1932 and came into force on 1 January 1933.
Matsudaira Tadateru the sixth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu was exiled from Tokugawa shogunate and he secretly lives in Yoshiwara in Edo.
The MA programme trains graduate students to understand the diverse field of human migration, and addresses social policy, integration, diversity management, intercultural exchanges, and border studies.
For administrative purposes, the centre is officially part of the SAXO Institute, which is in turn a division within the faculty of humanities.
The centre also maintains close links with Malmö University, Aalborg University, Roskilde University, and the Danish Institute for International Studies because of their own respective research and teaching focuses on international migration.
The Migration Initiative at the University of Copenhagen predates the centre, and was an interdisciplinary research network with participation from six separate faculties: antrhopology, geography, intercultural and regional studies, media and communication, public health, and psychology.
In January 2010, the Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health was founded as a separate organisation which remains based as City Campus.
AMIS is based at the University of Copenhagen's South Campus, on the island of Amager in the northernmost part of Ørestad.
Robert Gourlay or Robin Gourlaw (c. 1530-c.1600) was a wealthy Edinburgh merchant and Customar of Edinburgh, and built a house in Edinburgh now demolished.
In November 1570, as a merchant of Edinburgh, Gourlay supplied two hanks of gold thread to the Edinburgh tailor James Inglis and embroiderer John Young, for clothes for James VI of Scotland.
The Regent tried to insist to the minister Mr James Lawson that Gourlay should not be punished, and publicly declared he had allowed Gourlay to export cereals despite the scarcity.
He was exempt from tax, and complained to the Privy Council of Scotland when he was made to contribute £30 Scots to the Burgh fund for the Entry of James VI into Edinburgh in 1579.
In 1637 Robert Gourlay's grandson David Gourlay (d. 25 December 1644) sold the house to the lawyer Sir Thomas Hope of Craighall.
Sir Thomas Hope bought the house for his son, Sir Thomas Hope of Kerse who lived there with his wife Helen Rae and their family until his death on 23 August 1644.
After the castle surrendered Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange, his wife Margaret Learmonth, his brother, Alexander Home, 5th Lord Home, William Maitland of Lethington, his wife Mary Fleming the Lady Lethington, Sir John Wishart of Pitarrow, and the Countess of Argyll, Janet Cunningham were taken to the house as prisoners.
In June 1588 John Maxwell, 8th Lord Maxwell was held in the house as the prisoner of Sir William Stewart of Monkton.
Colonel William Sempill, an agent of the Spanish empire, was to be held in the house in August 1588 but escaped on the first night from a window using a rope smuggled in by his mother.
In another version of the escape story, Sempill's sister, Jean, Lady Ross, bought him a silk rope baked in a pie.
Carl W. Jackson (born October 27, 1984) is a Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing district 8, which is in Baltimore County, Maryland.
Jackson was sworn in on October 21, 2019 to fill a vacancy in District 8 of the Maryland House of Delegates.
By analyzing the interplay between these forces, a team of biologists led by George Koch of Northern Arizona University calculated the theoretical maximum tree height or the point at which opposing forces balance out and a tree stops growing.
On the other hand, gravity makes it more and more difficult to haul water upwards from the roots to the canopy as the tree grows, and leafs thus become smaller near the top.
They discovered that despite the moistness of the ground far below, the leaves at the treetops struggle to get enough water, so they are effectively living in a constant drought.
All the known giant trees occur in mesic climates, but nearly all of them (32 species) are found in three regions: western North America from California to British Columbia, Southeast Asia (especially Borneo) and southeastern Australia (especially Tasmania).
Modern verified measurements with laser rangefinders or with tape drop measurements made by tree climbers (such as those carried out by canopy researchers), have shown that some older tree height measurement methods are often unreliable, sometimes producing exaggerations of 5% to 15% or more above the real height.
Historical claims of trees growing to , and even , are now largely disregarded as unreliable, and attributed to human error.
Prior to ordination, he worked as a lecturer in philosophy, as well as a soldier and officer in the Australian Army and an administrative officer with the Australian Federal Police.
After returning to Australia he served in the Diocese of Newcastle, Joseph worked from 2011 to 2013 as priest at the Anglican Parish of Mount Vincent, Kurri Kurri and Weston.
On 8 November 2013 Joseph was commissioned as Dean of the Darwin Cathedral, a role which he held until he was appointed Bishop of North Queensland.
As bishop, Joseph has spoken out against euthanasia, arguing that it would erode trust by Indigenous Australians in the public health system if allowed.
The 1994 Borders Regional Council election, the sixth and final election to Borders Regional Council, was held on 5 May 1994 as part of the wider 1994 Scottish regional elections.
The commonest form is favonia, which is found in June on nearly all the thistles growing at the road-sides and in the fields.
Hrvoje Horvat, also nicknamed Cveba, (born 16 December 1977) is a Croatian professional handball coach who is currently the manager of RK Nexe, and is assistant manager of the Croatia national team.
He has two sisters, Jasenka Puc, who is married late eminent handball player Iztok Puc (1966–2011), and Vanja Mamić, who is married football manager Zoran Mamić.
Nesbit represented England in the 200 and 400 metres individual medley event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
On January 7, 2020, Taeyeon's agency SM Entertainment announced that her second full-length studio album would be re-released on January 15, 2020.
At 00:00 (Korea time) on January 14, 2020, a teaser of the music video for the track was posted on the official SM Entreteinment YouTube channel.
Marcela Carvajal (born 28 June 1969) is a Colombian actress mostly recognized in her native country for her roles in telenovelas.
The 1994 Central Regional Council election, the sixth and final election to Central Regional Council, was held on 5 May 1994 as part of the wider 1994 Scottish regional elections.
The 1994 Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council election, the sixth and final election to Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council, was held on 5 May 1994 as part of the wider 1994 Scottish regional elections.
Hindmarsh is a six times British champion winning the ASA National British Championships over 200 metres breaststroke from 1996 to 1999 and twice champion over 100 metres in 1997 and 1999.
Neptune Energy has also ran the pipeline to the Balgzand Gas Plant, since 2008, which has Dutch, British, Danish and German natural gas.
Tourist sites in Defne include the Harbiye Hydro Park and Harbiye Waterfall, as well as the historic site of St Simon's Monastery.
The 2020 WTA 125K series calendar consists of fifteen tournaments, each with a total prize fund of $125,000 except the Oracle Challenger Series that offers $162,480 in prize money.
These tables present the number of singles (S) and doubles (D) titles won by each player and each nation during the season.
The players/nations are sorted by: 1) total number of titles (a doubles title won by two players representing the same nation counts as only one win for the nation); 2) a singles > doubles hierarchy; 3) alphabetical order (by family names for players).
The trio also appears in various independent promotions, including Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, where Dez and Wentz are the reigning World Tag Team Champions in their first reign.
Dezmond Xavier and Zachary Wentz began teaming with each other for the first time on the independent circuit in 2015 and competed in various independent promotions.
They soon joined a stable called Scarlet And Graves, which primarily competed in Combat Zone Wrestling as well as other independent promotions.
They were soon joined by Myron Reed and Trey Miguel until Reed left the group shortly after and Miguel formed Rascalz trio with Xavier and Wentz, during which they made their debut as a trio in Impact.
Xavier and Wentz won many tag team titles as part of the stable including the CZW World Tag Team Championship twice and the All American Wrestling Tag Team Championship once.
In CZW, they split up from Dave Crist and JT Davidson, with whom Xavier and Wentz had begun feuding and continued to compete as Scarlet And Graves.
Scarlet and Graves dissolved in 2017 and Xavier and Wentz formed a tag team called The Rascalz in Fight Club Pro by teaming with Meiko Satomura against Travis Banks and Aussie Open in a six-person tag team match at the second day of the Dream Tag Team Invitational tournament on March 31, 2018.
Rascalz would retain the titles throughout the rest of 2018 and 2019 as they successfully defended the titles against Young Bucks, Lucha Brothers, Latin American Exchange and Best Friends in quick succession.
Rascalz began their feud against Moose in 2019, which led to Rascalz making their pay-per-view debut against Moose and The North in a six-man tag team match at Rebellion, which Rascalz lost.
Rascalz would then go on to defeat oVe members Dave Crist, Jake Crist and Madman Fulton at A Night You Can't Mist.
In the meanwhile, LAX lost the titles to The North, which led to North being added into the match, making it a three-way match for the titles, where North retained the titles.
In 2005, shortly after the album's release, Champignon, guitarist Marcão and drummer Renato Pelado all left Charlie Brown Jr., and Chorão put the band on hold for a brief period of time before reactivating it with a new line-up.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 1256, out of 661 are males and 595 are females.
The 1994 Grampian Regional Council election, the sixth and final election to Grampian Regional Council, was held on 5 May 1994 as part of the wider 1994 Scottish regional elections.
The election saw the Liberal Democrats take the most seats, although the Scottish National Party had a higher number of votes.
The 1994 Orkney Islands Council election, the sixth election to Orkney Islands Council, was held on 5 May 1994 as part of the wider 1994 Scottish regional elections.
The original population of Folweni were people who stayed in Umlazi who were forced to migrate when the apartheid government implemented the Group Areas Act.
On 26 July 1992 During the political conflict between the ANC and the IFP, a group of men believed to be IFP loyalists armed with AK47s descended on Folweni and killed approximately 20 people who were attending a ceremony, the event is now known as the Folweni Massacre.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 1120, out of 612 are males and 508 are females.
The men's 90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 25 July at the St. Michel Arena.
In the 1990s, with Akçay being recognized throughout the country as a holiday neighborhood, Zeytinli gained importance and developed its tourism sector.
María Espinosa de los Monteros y Díaz de Santiago, also María Espinosa Diaz, (1875–1946) was a Spanish women's rights activist and business executive.
Born on 13 May 1875 in Estepona in the south of Spain, María Espinosa y Díaz was the daughter of Antonio Espinosa Aguilar, a merchant, and Juana Díaz Martín.
In 1905, she married the lawyer Antonio Torres Chacón (1873–1940), with whom she had two children, Antonio and Álvaro, but the couple separated in 1911.
She emphasized that thanks to their intelligence, women would be able to improve policy in the general interest while supporting equality between the sexes.
She also published lists of hotels throughout Spain and created publicity posters and brochures for other areas such as Madrid and Barcelona.
As a result of a pulmonary disorder, she moved to Alicante together with her friend Ana Picar with whom she remained for the rest of her life.
From 1804 to 1805 she served on convoy duty in the North Sea for the British Royal Navy as a hired armed ship.
She then returned to mercantile service and continued to sail for over 45 years, going as far as Malta and Quebec, though mostly sailing along Britain's coasts.
He was Head of the Department of Sociology in the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University (1972–2001) and has been the editor (1970–1972) and a co-editor (1990–1993) of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology (which became the Journal of Sociology).
In 1957 he received a Bachelor of Arts with Honours degree in anthropology from the University of Sydney, where he was a lively student.
Encouraged by John Arundel Barnes, who at the time was the chair of anthropology at the University of Sydney, Jones moved to the Australian National University.
At the Australian National University he worked as a research assistant to Jerzy Zubrzycki and began a Doctor of Philosophy degree in demography under Zubrzycki's supervision.
His thesis was on the Italian population of Carlton, a suburb of Melbourne, and in the course of his study he relocated to Melbourne.
After a year in the United Kingdom, Jones returned to Australia in 1963 and took up an appointment at the newly established Department of Sociology in the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University.
He was appointed Professor of Sociology and Head of the Department of Sociology in 1972, remaining in these positions until his retirement in 2001.
Jones was the editor of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology (which was to become the Journal of Sociology) between 1970 and 1972.
During his career Jones also acted as a consultant to government commissions and programs on a range of issues, including Aboriginal affairs, city development, multiculturalism, and education.
Jones' research has focused on social inequality, social stratification and mobility (especially with regard to occupational and ethnic stratification), and national identity.
As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 1734 where 883 are men and 851 are women.
After moving to the United States, Legault earned a degree in theater that led her to a career in professional repertoire theaters.
Among the projects he has worked on are series and films such as Actress Apocalypse, One Last Sunset Redux, and Bernie the Dolphin.
In 2015, Legault enters the cast of the horror television series The Walking Dead in the recurring role of Francine where it was released.
In 1932 Emma José Townsend, a nurse at the hospital, was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal for trying to prevent a farmer from murdering his son in one of the wards.
Cooper represented England and won a silver medal in the 4 x 200 metres freestyle relay event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ansell was born in Wiltshire and took evening classes at the Birmingham College of Arts and Crafts and remained in that city for most of her career, living in the Edgbaston area.
Ansell exhibited with the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and the Royal Academy in London during 1945 and then subsequently with the Royal Academy.
Ansell was awarded a prize at the International Ivory Sculpture Competition and Exhibition held in New York at the Carlebach Gallery in 1953.
Ian Palmer is an Australian bishop in the Anglican Church of Australia, who served as Bishop of Bathurst from 2013 until 2019.
After graduation, Palmer served in parish ministry and university chaplaincy in the north of England prior to moving to Australia to take up a position as Director of Evangelism in the Diocese of Newcastle in 1990.
Prior to being appointed as bishop, his most recent appointment was at Queanbeyan in the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn in 2005.
During his tenure as bishop, the Diocese faced significant financial problems, after the Supreme Court of New South Wales found that the Diocese was liable to repay a $40million loan advanced to a diocesan development fund to fund two schools after it defaulted on the loan.
Palmer was responsible for selling church property to fund the debts, and even prior to the judgment, Palmer himself had to take up part-time ministry in Dubbo in addition to his role as bishop as there were insufficient funds to pay for his role to fund the case.
The 2020 Uzbekistan Super League Uzbekistan Super League will be the 29th season of top level football in Uzbekistan since its establishment on 1992.
The list is organized by region and country of the sponsoring organization, but awards may be given to economists from other countries.
John Edwin Smith (May 27, 1921 - December 7, 2009) was an American philosopher and Clark Professor of Philosophy at Yale University.
He served as president of the American Philosophical Society, Eastern Division, the American Theological Society, the Metaphysical Society of America, the Hegel Society of America and the C.S.
At the outbreak of World War I, 37 battalions of French, North African and Senegalese infantry were transferred from Morocco to France.
Five Senegalese battalions were soon serving on the Western Front, while others formed part of the reduced French garrison in Morocco.
On the Western Front, the Senegalese Tirailleurs served with distinction at Ypres and Dixmude during the First Battle of Ypres in late 1914, at the capture of Fort Douaumont in October 1916, during the Battle of Chemin des Dames in April 1917 and at the Second Battle of the Marne in 1918.
Losses were particularly heavy in Flanders (estimated from 3,200 to 4,800) and Chemin des Dames (7,000 out of 15,500 tirailleurs engaged).
The harsh conditions of trench warfare were a particular source of suffering to the un-acclimatized African soldiers and, after 1914/15, the practice was adopted of withdrawing them to the south of France for training and re-equipping each winter.
Fréjus welcomed, on the initiative of General Joseph Gallieni, then military governor of Paris, the first overseas troops in 1915 and became a transition site for these soldiers, allowing them to acclimatize before their departure for the front.
Military camps and hospitals were then built to accommodate troops coming from the then French colonies in Africa and French Indochina.
As early as 1925, the military imagined building a community center for the colonial troops so that the soldiers would not feel too isolated outside their home country and to combat homesickness and improve moral.
They decided to build the Missiri after tensions with their comrades-in-arms, the Tirailleurs indochinois who had built in Fréjus, as early as 1917, the Hông Hiên Tu pagoda dedicated to Vietnamese Buddhism of the Mahayana tradition.
During the interwar period and after the Second World War, the military camps around Fréjus developed their role as training centers, before departure for external operations for the French Far East Expeditionary Corps in Indochina, Madagascar and later North Africa.
The site is nowadays more a monument than a place of prayer and worship in this roofless building with its unfinished murals.
Captain Abdel Kader Mademba, supported by Colonel Lame, then commander in arms, took the initiative for the project and built a mosque in the Caïs camp on the road to Bagnols-en-Forêt.
Built in the Bois de Vincennes, for the Paris Colonial Exposition of 1931, it was demolished shortly after the end of the exhibition.
The Missiri mosque is entirely made of reinforced concrete covered with red plaster, to match the soil tones around Fréjus (the original is made of mudbricks with a dominant yellow ochre color).
The corners are flanked by turrets and two large central towers, to the east and west, shelter the stairs leading to the terrace.
The Missiri does not include a wall directed to Mecca, a mihrab or a covered prayer area, which are important architectural elements of a proper place of worship for Muslims.
In 2012 he defended his dissertation on irrational philosophical approaches of the Eastern philosophers at the Institute of Philosophy and Law of ANAS.
He is a member of the editorial council and editorial board of the Journal of Academic Social Science published in Turkey and the Philosophical Society in Russia (РОССИЙСКОГО ФИЛОСОФСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА).
At present, he is the editor-in-chief of the Azerbaijan Journal of Educational Studies, the main press of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
ANAS, Institute of Philosophy and Political-Legal Studies, Public Association of Philosophical Studies, Scientific-theoretical journal of philosophy, №1 (6), Baku, 2007, p. 171–176.
James Drury (born 16 July 1986) is an English-born British Virgin Islands footballer who plays as a defender for Wolues FC and the British Virgin Islands national football team.
The men's 110 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 26 July at the St. Michel Arena.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Winners of the preliminary rounds joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while losing teams competed in the relegation play-offs, with the losing team relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1993.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1993.
It is near to Mega Theatre, Sai Baba Temple, Konark Theatre, Dilsukh Nagar Bus Depot, Rajdhani Theatre and Pragathi Degree College.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 1993.
Teams who lose their respective ties will compete in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs will be relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 1993.
John Joseph Compton (May 17, 1928 – Jan 18, 2014) was an American philosopher and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University (retired in 1998).
The 1983 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Bridger Bowl Ski Area in Bozeman, Montana as part of the 30th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Utah, coached by Phil Miller, claimed their second team national championship, 46 points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
Matthew O'Toole MLA is a Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) politician who has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the Belfast South constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly since January 2020.
The New Juaben North Municipal Assembly is one of the newly created 38 Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in 2018 which brought the number of MMDAs in Ghana to 254 from the previous 216.
The New Juaben North Municipal Assembly forms part of the 33 Municipalities and Districts in Eastern Region of Ghana with Effiduase as its capital.
It was carved out of the New Juaben Municipal District and inaugurated on March 15, 2018 alongside other 37 newly created districts.
Kok became junior world champion at the 2019 World Junior Speed Skating Championships in February 2019 in Baselga di Piné, Italy.
In December 2019 Kok finished third at the 500m at the Dutch Single Distance Championships which qualified her for the European and World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships.
Jerome Boylan (born 19 June 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Senior Championship club Na Piarsaigh and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team.
Sinead McLaughlin MLA is a SDLP politician who has served as Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Foyle constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly since January 2020.
Richard Thomas De George (born 1933) is an American philosopher and University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, of Russian and East European Studies, and of Business Administration, and Co-Director of the International Center for Ethics in Business at the University of Kansas.
Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cinderella is an upcoming stage musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by David Zippel and a book by Emerald Fennell.
A workshop of the musical was held at The Other Palace in London in May 2019 with a cast that included Carrie Hope Fletcher in the title role.
Brian Ryan (born 1998) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Senior Championship club South Liberties and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team.
It was founded by Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri in 1908 in the building of Lyallpur Sangh Sabha as Khalsa High School.
A dog café is a type of business establishment where typically customers pay to spend time with domesticated canines for purposes of entertainment and relaxation.
At some dog cafés, the dogs are owned and provided by the businesses themselves, whereas at others, patrons bring their own dogs.
It started out as a 'Mixed' regiment with around two-thirds of its personnel being women from the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The regiment defended the West of England from 1942 to the end of the war when it moved to South East England.
By 1941, after two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
By late 1941 the training regiments were turning out a regular stream of Mixed HAA batteries, which AA Command formed into regiments to take the place of the all-male units being sent to overseas theatres of war.
Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) was formed on 19 January 1942 at Quedgeley Court, near Gloucester, and on 2 February three batteries were regimented with it.
These had each been formed with a cadre of experienced officers and other ranks provided by an existing unit: in the case of 496 HAA Battery this comprised a battery commander-designate, 2 other officers and 9 other ranks who were pre-war members of 79th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) HAA Regiment in the Territorial Army (TA).
The male soldier intake of these batteries were men transferred from recently-formed Light AA (LAA) units, the majority of the personnel were women from the ATS.
By the beginning of March 1942 143rd (M) HAA Rgt had been assigned to 5th AA Brigade in 9th AA Division, responsible for defending the area around Gloucester and Hereford.
However, this battery was attached to the neighbouring 8th AA Division and was transferred again to 150th (M) HAA Rgt almost immediately.
In June there was a reorganisation of AA divisional and brigade boundaries in the West of England, and 143rd (M) HAA Rgt transferred to the command of 67 AA Bde.
474 HAA Battery joined the regiment on 29 June 1942 having left the all-male 138th HAA Rgt as a cadre and been converted into a mixed battery.
During the autumn of 1942, 143rd (M) HAA Rgt and its two remaining batteries (494 and 495) were the only units in 67 AA Bde.
The South Coast was under attack from 'hit-and-run' raids by fighter-bombers and brigade HQ was transferred on 8 November command LAA reinforcements being sent to the area.
143rd (M) HAA Regiment and the Gloucester–Cheltenham Gun Defence Area (GDA) then came under the command of 46 AA Bde at Bristol.
The commanding officer (CO) of 143rd undertook the duties of AA Defence Commander (AADC) for the GDA from his RHQ at Badgeworth Court between Gloucester and Cheltenham, with a Gun Operations Room (GOR) at Gloucester.
The regiment was joined by 589 (M) HAA Bty, formed at 205th HAA Training Rgt, Arborfield, on 19 August and regimented on 9 November; this battery took over gunsites at Swindon.
Two more batteries formed on 21 October, 620 (M) at 206th HAA Training Rgt, Arborfield, and 621 (M) at 211th HAA Training Rgt, Oswestry, joined in January, but 621 was immediately transferred on to a new 181st (M) HAA Rgt forming at Cardiff.
Apart from a raid on 17 February 1943, when about 20 enemy aircraft made a surprise attack having followed RAF bombers returning to base, there was virtually no enemy activity over 46 AA Bde's area for the whole year.
The rest of the time the gunners spent waiting or training, including training detachments of the Home Guard as relief HAA gun crews.
In March 1944, 143rd (M) HAA Rgt moved to 55 AA Bde covering the Plymouth–Falmouth area where shipping was being gathered for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).
After the invasion was launched on D Day (6 June) the regiment remained in the West Country while many other units were stripped out to reinforce the South East against V-1 flying bombs or to provide manpower for 21st Army Group fighting in North West Europe.
On 4 December 1944, 589 and 620 (M) HAA Btys began to disband, completing on 7 and 18 March respectively at Torpoint, Cornwall.
This left 55 AA Bde with just two HAA batteries (494 and 495 of 143rd (M) HAA Rgt) before the brigade HQ itself was converted in January 1945 into 306 Infantry Brigade to command garrison troops in 21st Army Group.
The regiment came under the direct command of 8 AA Group, headquartered in Scotland, and then transferred to 37 AA Bde in 1 AA Group in South East England.
After VE Day the demobilisation of the ATS got under way, and on 25 August 1945 the regiment reorganised as an all-male unit.
It was joined by 228 (Edinburgh) HAA Bty from 82nd (Essex) HAA Rgt (also in 37 AA Bde), which brought it back to a normal three-battery establishment in the postwar army.
On 1 April that year it was redesignated as 75 HAA Regiment at Milton Barracks, Gravesend, equipped with 3.7-inch and 5.25-inch HAA guns.
On 15 August 1953, 288 and 289 Btys were formally placed in suspended animation (and disbanded on 1 May 1954) to resuscitate in the UK 150 Bty from 28 Coast Rgt (in Gibraltar) and 182 Bty from 51 Coast Rgt (in Aden) respectively.
On 16 June 1955, RHQ of 75 HAA Rgt and 37, 150 and 182 Btys were placed in suspended animation to resuscitate 46 HAA Rgt at Milton Barracks with 117, 124 and 126 Btys, but after service in Cyprus in 1957–58 this regiment in turn went into suspended animation on 31 October 1958.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
The College Republican Federation of Puerto Rico, commonly referred to as the Puerto Rico College Republicans or CRFPR, is a political organization for members of the Republican Party of the United States in university and college campuses.
The 1984 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Wildcat Mountain Ski Area in Jackson, New Hampshire as part of the 31st annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Defending champions Utah, coached by Phil Miller, claimed their third team national championship, 66.5 points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
William Silas Spanton (1845 – 27 December 1930) was a British artist, art historian and photographer based in Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk.
William Spanton Snr had established his 'Repository of Arts and West Suffolk Photographic Establishment' at 16 Abbeygate Street in Bury St Edmunds by 1864.
His son William Silas Spanton studied painting at the Royal Academy of Arts in London where he was sponsored by Sir Edwin Landseer, exhibiting there in 1867 and 1868.
When his father died suddenly in 1870 aged just 47 he was forced to abandon his studies to return to his native town to support his mother and siblings by taking over the family business as a photographer, carver, gilder and artist.
He developed the business by introducing picture framing and glazing along with the sale of art supplies while also making a successful sideline as an optician.
With his wife he had three children: the artist and suffragette Helen Margaret Spanton (1877-1934); Dorothy Spanton (1879-1925) and Arthur Pechey Spanton (1880-1916), who was killed in the Battle of the Somme during World War I.
Although forced by family circumstances to give up a career as an artist Spanton maintained an interest in painting and built up a reputation in his home area as a skilled copier of original paintings.
He and his daughter Helen Margaret Spanton were lifelong friends with the Pre-Raphaelite artist and collector Charles Fairfax Murray and his wife who often visited them at Bury St Edmunds and in London, sometimes spending Christmas with them.
Their extensive correspondence, kept at the Dulwich Picture Gallery, is of particular interest as a source of information about Charles Fairfax Murray, the Pre-Raphaelites and the Victorian art world.
His oil on canvas copy of a portrait of Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol after Sir Joshua Reynolds (c1900) is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London.
In 1901 while he carried on with the family business in Bury St Edmunds his wife Sarah and daughter Helen Margaret Spanton went to live with his brother-in-law Elisha Pechey at his home in Hadley Wood in Barnet.
Spanton joined his family in Barnet where he began a new career as an artist, portrait painter and copyist in oil.
Spanton was seriously injured in a motoring accident at Blackheath on 24 December 1930 aged 85 and died of his injuries on 27 December 1930 at St Alfege's Hospital in Greenwich; in his will he left £8,269 to his daughter Helen Margaret Spanton.
who was co-opted to the Assembly to replace Máirtín Ó Muilleoir, She was appointed as Minister at the formation of the executive on 11 January 2020.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2016 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
14-year-old Ashok (Ashya) is a shepherd who marches with his herds like he leads a parade and hates going to school.
Brian O'Grady (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Championship club Kilteely-Dromkeen and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team.
From 1985 to 1990 he was a Research Professor of the Academy of Finland and he has worked in the CERN Theory Division.
He is best known for his contributions to the study of the electroweak and strong interactions at high temperatures, as well as to the field of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.
His research interests include ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions, finite temperature field theory, string theory and QCD matter, cosmological phase transitions and null infinity in general relativity.
Kajantie was awarded the Finnish Academy of Science Award in 2008 and the Order of the Lion of Finland in 2012.
The former charted at #20 in the Oricon Singles Charts twelve days after its release, while the latter charted at #23 twelve days after its release.
Meri Beti Sunny Leone Banna Chaahti Hai () is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language short film which was directed and produced by Ram Gopal Verma.
This film depicted a living room conversation of a family where the family's daughter (Naina Ganguly) told her father (Makrand Deshpande) and mother (Divya Jagdale) about her intention to become a porn star like Sunny Leone.
She told her mother that if she listened her words carefully and understood those a little bit, she would be happy as her daughter wanted to become a porn star like Sunny Leone.
She also added that if she fully unterstood her words she would regret for not becoming a porn star like Sunny Leone.
Tomorrow is a 2019 computer animated Bangladeshi short film directed by Mohammad Shihab Uddin which was released in 2019 on Deepto TV.
The film is produced by Kazi Zahin Hasan & Kazi Zeeshan Hasan for Kazi Media Limited while Cycore Studios provided the animation & production services for the film.
The men's +110 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 27 July at the St. Michel Arena.
She then explored the importance of social networks in very diverse fields: scientific communities, the Mexican upper class, and the teaching profession in Chile, among others.
In Mexico, she affiliated with the Children's Hospital of the Secretariat of Health, as well as the Center for Technological Innovation and the Institute of Applied Mathematics Research of National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Lomnitz taught ethnology and economic anthropology at UIA; Urban sociology and Exchange Systems at the Faculty of Architecture of the UNAM; and Urban Methodology and Anthropology at the National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH).
She was a visiting professor at Columbia University, the Graduate School of Arts and Science of the New York University, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the University of Notre Dame, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Fundación José Ortega y Gasset, the University of Chicago, and the University of Paris among others.
As with Oscar Lewis, Lomnitz rejected the relationship between human migration, urbanization, and disorganization proposed by the Chicago environmentalists based on the theories of Richard Adams.
In the area of political anthropology, she demonstrated that highly centralized systems generate a parallel system of informal economy, as happened in the former Soviet Union.
Lomnitz was a member of several societies and academies, including the Mexican Society of Anthropology, the Mexican Academy of Sciences, the Society of Urban Anthropology and Economics, The College of Ethnologists and Anthropologists, and the Javier Barros Sierra Foundation.
She served as president of the Society for Latin American Anthropology, and was the director of the War and Peace Studies Commission of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.
She was an emeritus researcher for the National System of Researchers and a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of the Republic.
Innsbruck Hötting railway station () is a railway station in the borough of Hötting in Innsbruck, the capital city of the Austrian state of Tyrol.
It is the first station on the Mittenwald Railway (Karwendelbahn) north of Innsbruck West station (), where the line branches off the Arlberg railway.
The station was opened in 1912 and is served by trains operated by both Deutsche Bahn and Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).
The station lies in Hötting, to the west of the town centre, between Fürstenweg, to which it is connected by a pedestrian path, and Ampfererstraße from which there is car access.
Is it geographically the closest rail station to the Innsbruck Airport, from where local bus F travels along Fürstenweg near the station.
There are plans to move the station to the north, closer to Höttinger Au, where a transfer to the tram network will be possible.
George Charlton (active 1930s) was an English amateur footballer who played as an outside right in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for Shildon.
In his first season, he scored the winning goal in the Northern League Challenge Cup final, and was a regular in the team that won the 1934–35 Northern League title and reached the first round proper of the FA Cup.
He helped Shildon win the title in each of the next two seasons, and was still with the club in 1939.
If any person, of malice aforethought, shall unlawfully castrate any other person, or cut off, maim or disfigure any of the privy members of any person, with intent to murder, maim, disfigure, disable or render impotent such person, the person so offending shall be punished as a Class C felon.
William Stobbs Kirsop (1891 – after 1919) was an English footballer who played as an outside forward in the Scottish League for Kilmarnock and in the English Football League for Barnsley.
Kirsop was born in Jarrow, County Durham, in early 1891, the son of Robert Kirsop, a bricklayer, and his wife Alice.
He played local football for Rosehill Villa, Wallsend Park Villa and New Hartley Rovers before signing for Scottish club Kilmarnock in 1912.
He made his debut on 17 August in a 2–1 win at home to Partick Thistle in Division One, and scored his first goal for the club a month later in a 2–0 league defeat of Third Lanark.
At the end of the season, Kilmarnock retained Kirsop's league registration but allowed him to return to England where he signed for North-Eastern League club Gateshead Town.
He soon impressed: in October he was selected for the Rest of the League XI to face the North-Eastern League champions Darlington in an exhibition game, and by December he was being linked with a move either back to Kilmarnock or to another Scottish top-flight club, Aberdeen.
Kirsop made his English Football League debut on 2 September 1914 in a 7–0 defeat away to Derby County, and played twice more that month, but those were his last appearances in league football.
Kirsop, who had worked as a plater's labourer in a shipyard before taking up football professionally, engaged in munitions work during the First World War.
Still on Barnsley's books after the war, he was invited back for a match with Sheffield Wednesday in April 1919, but did not turn up.
Kirsop was one of many former league players who signed on for the re-formed Darlington club to play in the post-war Victory Leagues and remained with them when the North-Eastern League resumed in 1919–20.
He played in that season's FA Cup first round replay in which Darlington beat First Division Sheffield Wednesday 2–0 to progress to the last 32 of the competition.
Sam Rowbotham (6 December 1912 – 7 September 1979) was an English footballer who played as a centre forward or inside left in the Football League for Rotherham United and Darlington.
Because of injuries, Rowbotham made his first-team debut on 27 February, playing at left half in a 2–0 win at home to Hull City in the Third Division North.
Playing at inside left, he scored his first Football League goal in a 5–2 loss to New Brighton, and made one more appearance before leaving the club at the end of the season.
Although he had played little first-team football, Rowbotham had been a regular with Rotherham's reserve team in the Midland League, and when he became available he was snapped up by Midland League club Scarborough.
He went straight into the team at left half, impressed, and remained in the team for the rest of the season.
He made his debut at right half on 28 September in a 3–0 loss to Gateshead, and played once more in that position before having a run of games at the end of the season, taking over at left half from Joe Hodgson.
He played in the first four matches of the 1935–36 season, to take his appearance total to 17, after which Hodgson returned to favour.
He played regularly, missing only eight Midland League matches over the next three seasons, and continued for a further season in the 1939–40 emergency competitions.
Rowbotham worked at Peter Brotherhood's armaments factory in Peterborough during the Second World War, and played for their works team after his club closed down for the duration.
Douglas Gordon Roberts (30 May 1925 – October 1991) was an English professional footballer who made 113 appearances in the Football League playing as an outside forward for Northampton Town, Brighton & Hove Albion and Accrington Stanley.
The girls' giant slalom competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on 12 January.
It occupies a corner lot; its gable front faces southeast onto W. Montana St.; its southwest side is along 7th Ave.
The southwest side has have two dormers breaking the roofline, and another dormer faces southeast from the wing which extends to the northeast.
A c. 1945 wood frame garage is directly behind the house, relative to the street corner, connecting at the north corner of the house.
The house reflects the Hogeland's decision to move to town from their ranch, and was deemed significant as a representation of local trends.
Robert Lewers (March 15, 1836 – November 3, 1926) was a businessman during the Kingdom of Hawaii, Republic of Hawaii, and Territory of Hawaii.
The two of them worked to build a lumber firm, and benefited from the influx of sugar plantation customers following the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875.
Upon the death of Christopher, Robert continued the business and in 1880, he and partner Charles Montague Cooke renamed it Lewers & Cooke, Ltd.
His cousin Christopher H. Lewers (C. H. Lewers) preceded him to Hawaii and, along with partner J. G. Dickson, established the Lewers & Dickson lumber business.
A few years later, C. H. Lewers enjoyed a sojourn on America's east coast, and returned to Hawaii on February 21, 1856, with his cousin Robert in tow.
Initially, business was modest, but the economic prosperity from the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 trickled down to the lumber industry as sugar plantations had increasing needs for on-site construction materials.
Breaking away from the norms of businesses of that era, the new partnership stipulated in their articles of incorporation that the directors be given the discretion of making corporate contributions towards the social and religious benefit of the community.
Not being part of any political affiliations, he played no part in the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and subsequent government changes.
However, during a period of political upheaval when Hawaiians were barred from his neighborhood, Lewers had the Christmas breakfast delivered to them.
She was born February 24, 1844, in Honolulu, the only daughter of Massachusetts sea captain Joseph Oliver Carter (1802–1850) and his wife Hannah Trufant Lord (1809–1898).
Brothers Joseph O. Carter (1835–1909), Henry A. P. Carter (1837–1891), Samuel Morrill Carter (1838–1893) and Frederick William Carter (1842–1860) were also born in Honolulu.
No individual invitations were sent for their 50th wedding anniversary celebration, in order for all who wanted to come to feel welcome.
The two-story beach-front home he built for his family in 1883 was at the end of what is now Lewers Street in Waikiki, currently the location of the Halekulani hotel.
She performed the song for the second time in the second semi-final on 5 December 2019 and finished fifth overall in the grand final on 7 December 2019.
The Union for Progressive Judaism is an affiliate of the World Union for Progressive Judaism and supports 27 progressive congregations in Australia, New Zealand and Asia.
The UPJ is represented on the major communal bodies in Australia, such as the Executive Council of Australian Jewry, the Zionist Federation of Australia (ZFA) and Zionism Victoria.
The Progressive movement has not expanded rapidly as the main sources of Jewish migrants (South Africa, the former Soviet Union and Israel) have a relatively modest tradition of Reform Judaism (Ehrlich 2009).
According to Dana Evan Kaplan, the establishment of Progressive Jewish Day school has been a factor in maintaining and stabilizing the community's numbers (Kaplan 2000).
Progressive Judaism in Australia has traditionally been more conservative in practice than its larger counterpart in the United States where Reform Judaism is the largest Jewish movement in the country (Meyer 1988).
The World Union for Progressive Judaism responded to the burgeoning interest in Progressive Judaism in Australia and supported the development of lay leadership and progressive congregations.
She returned to Melbourne and aroused interest in the movement and thus the WUPJ agreed to finance the salary of an American rabbi.
Initial progress was slow as the rabbi's radical inclinations did not win favour among a local Jewish community that valued traditions.
The Progressive movement also welcomed converts to Judaism and accepted patrilineal descent, provided the person had received a Jewish education (Meyer 1988).
This began to diminish in the nineteen-fifties as traditionalist rabbis refused to appear on the same platform as their progressive counterparts (Meyer 1988).
The single mixed relay biathlon competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 12 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
Lilian Hicks (1853 – 1924) was a British campaigner for the vote for agricultural labourers and later Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom.
The campaign had success when the Representation of the People Act 1884 became law giving the vote to male agricultural labourers.
Hicks went on to campaign for women's suffrage via a number of organisations as the women's cause was splintered by different allegiances.
Many would not get involved in criminal acts or they disagreed with the dictatorial approach of Women's Social and Political Union's leadership.
By 1902 she and her daughter were members by of the Central Society for Women's Suffrage and they were joining celebrations of women's civil disobedience in pursuit of the suffrage cause.
She and her daughter joined the Women's Social and Political Union in 1906, but by 1907 they were both in the Women's Freedom League which had split from the suffragettes (the Women's Social and Political Union) and Amy was serving as a secretary for the league.
Black Friday was a suffragette demonstration in London on 18 November 1910, in which 300 women marched to the Houses of Parliament as part of their campaign to secure voting rights for women.
The church was designed by Anssi Lassila; interior furniture and lamps were designed by interior architect Antti Paatero and liturgical textiles by Hanna Korvela.
Paul Chocheprat (11 June 1855 – 31 March 1928) was a French naval officer who served during the First World War.
He then joined the gunnery training ship-of-the-line and then on the ironclad in an evolution squadron in 1875 before serving on the ironclad to the Pacific Naval Division (1876) where he proved to be a remarkable hydrographer.
Ensign in August 1877 on the ironclad in a squadron of evolutions, he went in 1878 on the aviso as a maneuver officer at French Senegal and participated in expeditions on the Haut-Fleuve.
Surviving a very violent bout of yellow fever, he entered in 1880 on the cruiser in the flying and training division of Cherbourg and proved himself an excellent instructor.
Promoted to lieutenant in January 1882, he commanded the battery on the unprotected cruiser then was sent to the general majority of Toulon.
Commander of the pre-dreadnought battleship in the Mediterranean (1899) then of the pre-dreadnought in 1902, he carried out missions in Greece and on the coasts of Morocco before being promoted to chief of general staff of the naval army during the maneuvers from 1905–1906.
Rear-admiral in March 1907, he commanded the 4th division in the Mediterranean, then was promoted to vice-admiral and maritime prefect of Brest in October 1911.
Maritime prefect of Toulon (November 1913), in 1914 he commanded the 1st wing in the army naval with flag on the semi-dreadnought battleship and is then one of the main collaborators of Boué de Lapeyrère.
Member in 1916 of the Superior Council of the Navy, he accompanied Joffre on a mission to the United States and passed to the reserve cadre in June 1917.
Fiorenzo Manganiello (August 6, 1991) is an Italian banker and expert in field of blockchain technologies who was awarded as Blockchain Expert Switzerland for 2018 by Acquisition International.
In Sep 2018 he joined the Blockcloud company as a position of Advisory Board Member together with the nobel prize winner in economics Oliver Hart.
This section of the list of rampage killers contains mass murders, committed by lone wolf perpetrators, that have a foremost religious, political or racial background in Asia.
It was opened on 19 July 2006 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Capuchinos and Zona Rental.
Hsu Yun Temple (also Xuyun; 虛雲禪寺 (traditional Chinese); 虚云禅寺 (simplified Chinese); is a temple of the Xuyun branch of the Linji school of Chán (Mahayana) Buddhism.
There is also putative claim that it was, on construction, the largest Chinese Temple in the history of the Americas (6,000 sq ft).
He was part of the group of Xuyun Dharma disciples who were pushed by their master to leave China shortly before the Communist takeover in 1949.
Construction of the 'great hall' part of this temple, overseen by Jy Ding, began in 1964 and finished three years later, in 1967.
The full temple complex, which was constructed over ten years, was sanctioned at a ceremony on November 8th, 1997, at which Jy Ding, presiding as founder and abbot also named his spiritual successor to be Chuan Zhi, someone born in Indiana.
A church has been in existence at Newton Ferrers since at least 1084, when a church dedicated to St Mary's was recorded in the Saxon Geld Roll.
Messrs. Stevenson and son of Newton Ferrers carried out the restoration, with Mr. F. M. Rowse as clerk of the works.
Many of the new fittings, including the font, pulpit, parclose screens, litany desk and credence table were made by Harry Hems of Exeter.
S. H. Archer, with assistance from his family, purchased a large plot of land on the north side of the existing grounds as a memorial to his late wife.
His mother was Mary Taylor, and his father was the Reverend James Taylor, who presided over a parish in Sunderland, Massachusetts.
In 1836, Horace and his brother Alfred moved to Charleston, South Carolina, where his older brother James worked as a mercantile warehouse.
Edward set up a store in Independence,Texas, but Horace opted to stay in Houston and hired on with Thomas Whitmarsh, a commission merchant on Commerce Avenue in Houston.
Edward Taylor, who had returned to establish a cotton factor business in Houston, gave up his business to join William Marsh Rice and E. B. Nichols.
Since location was just a short walk from the steamboat landing, it was convenient to newcomers, many of whom stored their personal property in the warehouse as they scouted Texas for opportunities.
His large homestead on Buffalo Bayou overlooking the main bridge leading into Houston served as a free campground for visiting farmers.
By then several railroads had been completed to Houston, and these facilitated a greater volume of incoming cotton for storage and processing..
Though Dickinson attempted to enlist with the Confederacy at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was disqualified from service due to a lung condition.
City council approved this measure without dissent and supported an innovation to Houston: the city installed street signs for the first time.
The Taylor administration also oversaw the improvement of drainage on lower Caroline Street, where they installed a culvert to replace the gully that was older than Houston itself.
Amauropelta is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Thelypteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
She is considered to be one of the most significant practicing designers in the history of modern and contemporary landscape architecture in Brazil.
Her projects include the renovation of the Anhangabaú Valley, the Parque da Juventude, and the landscape master plan for the city of São Paulo do Maranhão.
Rosa Alembick was born in São Roque, Brazil on October 15, 1932 to parents José Alembick and Sonia Alembick (née Groisman).
In 1958, Kliass was invited by the mayor of her hometown São Roque to design Largo dos Mendes, for which she also won the São Paulo City Hall Prize.
In 1969, Kliass was awarded a scholarship from the USAID to visit the United States and learn about the profession and teachings of landscape architecture there.
Kliass’ firm completed many urban and institutional projects across Brazil, including master plans for São Paulo, Curitiba, Salvador, and São Luis do Maranhão.
Her most notable projects include the renovation of the Anhangabaú Valley and the landscapes of international airports in Brasília and Belém.
While working on a project in São Paulo for Mayor Faria Lima, Kliass formed a group of landscape designers in city hall with co-worker and friend Miranda Magnoli, and convinced the mayor to form the Department of Parks and Green Areas of the City of São Paulo.
Alongside designing landscape projects, Kliass was also a consultant for several governmental institutions, including the Department of Economics and Planning in São Paulo, the Department of Water and Electrical Energy, the Municipality of São José dos Campos in São Paulo State, and the Metropolitan Agency for Housing in São Paulo.
She also served as Director of Planning for the Department of Planning in São Paulo City (SEMPLA), and was a member for the Administration Council of CETESB (Environmental Sanitation and Technology Company).
In 1976, Kliass founded the Brazilian Association of Landscape Architects (ABAP) and served as its president for five non-consecutive years throughout 1980-2000.
She was also closely tied to the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA) and coordinated the 16th IFLA World Congress held in Salvador, Bahia.
Kliass taught landscape architecture and urban design at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of Mackenzie University in São Paulo from 1974-1977.
She also taught at the School of Architecture and Urbanism at the Catholic University of Paraná, where she coordinated the landscape architecture program from 1980-1982.
On September 13, 2019, Kliass was the first woman to receive the Colar de Ouro of the Institute of Architects of Brazil.
The Gimpo Hangang Highway (Korean: 김포한강로; Gimpo Hangang Ro), is a 6-lanes highway in South Korea, connecting Gangseo District, Seoul to Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province.
It is significant also for its association with local attorney J. C. Huntoon, who was elected county attorney in 1908, formed a partnership in 1914, and was appointed Judge of the Tenth Judicial District in 1922.
River Plate will take part both in the Uruguayan Primera División, and 2020 Copa Sudamericana.. At the same time, River will participate in the first Copa Uruguaya edition which involves both AUF and OFI clubs.
The facility has its origins in the Stroud Dispensary which was established in a room at the Lamb Inn in Church Street in 1750.
After the dispensary had moved to permanent facilities at the corner of Bedford Street and George Street in 1823, an extension to create a proper hospital was completed in 1835.
In February 2012 NHS managers agreed to halt plans for the hospital to be run by a social enterprise after local residents mounted a legal challenge in the High Court.
The expressway improves access between factories and cargo hubs such as Noi Bai International Airport, Hai Phong Port and Ha Long Port, forming a faster, higher capacity alternative to .
The investment budget was a 10,000 billion VND, with about two thirds of that amount being Japanese development loans, the rest financed by the Vietnamese government.
In 2018 it was reported that several long sections of the road had severe rutting and subsidence, which had to be repaired the same year.
In the Americas Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1993.
The hindwing is orange, with a vermilion tint, the disc being hyaline and the apex black, there being a black dot situated at centre of distal margin.
The species has been discovered in Persia, the type contained in the Paris Museum being caught by Escalera [Manuel Martínez de la Escalera] in July.
Re Daniel Dawal Migel is a Sri Lankan film series centered on a series of comedy action films, produced by EAP Films and distributed by EAP cinema theaters.
They were known to steal chickens, goats, cattle and also do canny things and they are caught by the village head master.
After many incidents, the four of them escape from two detectives several times and fall in love with higher noble families, indicating that the four are also very rich.
Just after come out of the jail, the two are attacked by the tailor, who gave their suits prior to arrest.
They moved to a hotel and act like two Indian superstars and soon they were arrested by the police due to these nuisance for the public.
Meanwhile, Madhuri was caught by Richard, who is drug dealer and detective cobra's allie investigate about her and tells the story to Chandi ayya and duo.
But Lathara does not like him and asked him to bring 2 lakhs and be a rich man and then he will decide to marry them.
Finally after series of incidents, Victor was captured by a fake death of Moreen, which was a drama to capture him and find money.
Red Five was formed in Los Angeles in 1994 by singer and guitarists Jenni McElrath and Betty Carmellini, bassist Greg Jones, and drummer Adam Zuckert.
Originally, McElrath was in a band called Honey Dust, while Carmellini, Jones, and Zuckert played in another band called Garbage Hearts.
Jones left the band shortly after the recording sessions were completed to play in his other band Mr. Mirainga, where he thought he would have a more prominent songwriting role.
The band was associated with acts such as 7 Year Bitch, L7 and Veruca Salt, and performed in several low-budget tours, including the 1995 and 1996 Warped Tours.
Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint is a 1996 American comedy film directed by Eve Annenberg and starring Toby Huss.
The General Electric XA100 is a three-stream adaptive cycle engine demonstrator being developed by General Electric (GE) for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning and for the U.S. Air Force's sixth generation fighter program.
The three-stream adaptive cycle design can direct air to the bypass third stream for increased fuel efficiency and cooling or to the core and fan streams for additional thrust and performance.
The U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy began pursuing adaptive cycle engine in 2007 with the Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology (ADVENT) program, a part of the larger Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engine (VAATE) program.
This technology research program was then followed by the Adaptive Engine Technology Demonstrator (AETD) program in 2012, which continued to mature the technology, with tests performed using demonstrator engines.
The follow-on Adaptive Engine Transition Program (AETP) was launched in 2016 to develop and test adaptive engines for sixth generation fighter propulsion as well as potential re-engining of the F-35 from the existing F135 turbofan engine.
The XA100 is a three-stream adaptive cycle engine that can adjust the bypass ratio and fan pressure to increase fuel efficiency or thrust, depending on the scenario.
It does this by employing a third bypass stream where the engine can direct air to in order to increase fuel economy and act as a heat sink for cooling; in particular, this would enable greater use of the high speed, low altitude part of the F-35 envelope.
In addition to three-steam adaptive cycle configuration, the engine also uses new heat-resistant materials such as ceramic matrix composites to enable higher turbine temperatures and improved performance.
According to GE, the engine can offer up to 35% increased range and 25% reduction in fuel burn over current turbofans.
Antonio de Vea was a 17th-century Spanish sailor best known for leading the Antonio de Vea expedition to the fjords and channels of Patagonia in 1675–1676.
As far as it is known no new Spanish maps were made of the west coast of Patagonia until José de Moraleda y Montero's explorations in the late 18th century.
The girls' 500 metres speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Lake St. Moritz on 12 January 2020.
Land of the Six Guns is a 1940 American Western film directed by Raymond K. Johnson and written by Carl Krusada.
Although historically a parish in its own right, Gulval was incorporated into the parishes of Penzance, Madron and Ludgvan in 1934, and is now considered to be a suburb of Penzance.
Of these, one is Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are Grade II, the lowest grade.
Four of the listed buildings are houses, the others are the parish church and one of the lynch gates, a nonconformist chapel and a telephone box.
Kuzu şiş (pronounced 'kuzu shish') is a Turkish lamb kebab made with the thigh of the lamb, and served with onion and tomato garnishes.
The lamb can also be marinated in milk and oil for up to 48 hours prior to cooking and left in a refrigerator.
Of these, four are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Most of the listed buildings are houses, including a former manor house and a country house, and associated structures, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings.
This list of archaeology awards is an index to articles on notable awards given for archaeology, the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
The boys' 500 metres speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Lake St. Moritz on 12 January 2020.
She also won the gold medal in the women's 50 kg event at both the 2017 World Championships and 2019 World Championships.
Lina Marie Obeid was born in New York and raised in Lebanon, the daughter of Sami Obeid and Rosette Z. Obeid.
Obeid completed her medical internship and residency at Duke University, and remained at Duke as an Associate Professor of Medicine and Cell Biology.
In 1998 she joined the faculty of the Medical University of South Carolina, with appointments in the departments of medicine and biochemistry.
She moved to Stony Brook University in 2012, where she was a SUNY Distinguished Pofessor of Medicine, Dean of Research, and Vice Dean for Scientific Affairs at Stony Brook University's Renaissance School of Medicine, and co-director (with her husband) of the Kavita and Lalit Bahl Center for Metabolomics, a National Institutes of Health program in Cancer Biology and Therapeutics.
In 2019, Obeid and her husband received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 16th International Conference on Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation and Related Diseases.
Kwok did not have a successful football playing career, while he only played for the newly-promoted side HKFC in the 2010–11 season.
In August 2017, Kwok was appointed as the head coach of Hong Kong B, leading the team to defeat Macau in the 73rd Hong Kong–Macau Interport by 4–0.
In December of the same year, he led the team to win the title of the 2018 Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup after beating Guangdong in the penalty shoot-out.
In April 2018, Kwok was appointed as the head coach of Hong Kong U-23 to participate in the 2018 Asian Games.
In December 2018, he was appointed as the head coach of Hong Kong B again to play against Guangdong in the 2019 Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup.
He led the club to finish 7th in the league, and his team was deemed as the overachiever of the league in the 2018–19 season.
Israel Lyon Chaikoff (2 July 1902, London, UK – 25 January 1966, Berkeley, California) was a Canadian-American physiologist and biochemist, known for the Wolff–Chaikoff effect.
At the University of California, Berkeley's department of physiology (which in 1930 was a division of the School of Medicine), he was an instructor from 1930 to 1931, an assistant Professor from 1931 to 1938, an associate professor from 1938 to 1942, and a full professor from 1942 until his death.
Chaikoff did research on the physiological biochemistry of blood transport involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes and vascular disease (such as arteriosclerosis).
He used radioactive carbon (carbon-14) to investigate lipogenesis and the biosynthesis and utilization of fatty acids, sterol-containing metabolites, glucose, glycogen, adrenal steroids, and thyroid hormones.
She was selected for the Great British archery team in 1979 and competed in the World Archery Championships the same year and finished 28th.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 for its local significance in the theme of architecture.
The David Park House was built in 1936‒37 for the Park family by a young unknown architect named Edward Mahlum in an undeveloped neighborhood on the north end of Bemidji.
By choice it was in a wooded area across from one of the earliest buildings on the campus of the Bemidji State Teachers College.
Park had purchased the Koors Brothers Creamery Company in 1926 and converted it to the David Park Creamery, building it into a highly successful business enterprise.
He attended the 1933 Century of Progress exposition in Chicago, and this exposure to the Art Deco designs featured at the fair likely influenced his choice of Edward K. Mahlum as his architect.
Nasvik was so impressed with the home that he later built a house next door, which some consider complementary to the Park residence.
The house was built of poured concrete, which was most unusual at a time when most homes in northern Minnesota were built of wood.
It was necessary to install the railing at an early point in the construction before the house could be closed in around it.
Each Christmas the family allowed one of the Park grandchildren to choose the colors for a gigantic Christmas tree that was placed in the front window.
In one year it was a white flocked tree with orange lights; in another it was a purple flocked tree with white lights.
His daughters Margaret and Mary recalled that he often invited guests to tour the house even though they were already asleep in their rooms.
As the Sea Rages (German: Raubfischer in Hellas) is a 1959 drama film directed by and starring Maria Schell, Cliff Robertson and Cameron Mitchell.
It also has loose, membranaceous leaf sheaths and membranaceous lateral extensions (auricles) on the primary bracts of its flowering heads (i.e.
Most reports of this species are from coarse soils, but it appears to occasionally occur in wet habitats such as seepages and streamsides.
Founded in 2014 as a subsidiary of Otto Group, in 2018 its status changed to that of a portfolio company due to a shift in the shareholder balance.
Before starting Collins, Tarek Müller had already attained some prominence in Germany as a young serial entrepreneur, having developed his first income-generating website at the age of 13.
About You has implemented a cross-channel marketing approach with the smartphone app as its most important sales channel, generating 75 percent of the company's revenue.
The shop's target customer base are women and men between the ages of 18 and 49, but it has also started (in 2019) selling children's clothes.
The company cooperates with more than 100 local influencers (2019), many of whom feature in stories (themed photo collections) on the shop's home page presenting fashion styles they have chosen from the shop product range.
Based on former purchases, likes of brands, people and product groups and purchase probabilities of people with similar profiles, the webshop and the app generate personalized feeds and tailored product suggestions for every customer.
The show is broadcast on TV by ProSieben, Germany's second largest privately owned television network, and reaches a considerable proportion of its target audience.
It is narrated that he was the first person Muhammad ordered to lead prayers in Mecca after its conquest in 8 AH (630).
His genealogy according to Ibn al-Kalbi is: Hubayrah ibn Sabal ibn al-‘Ajlān ibn ‘Attāb ibn Mālik ibn Ka‘b ibn ‘Amr ibn Sa‘d ibn ‘Awf ibn Thaqīf.
The abdominal belt occupies mostly 2 segments, but is sometimes restricted to one segment, the posterior portion of the abdomen being occusionally all red.
The species is widely distributed in Japan , especially at low altitudes of the central mountains, near and on the Fujisan; probably more sporadic in Amurland, since Graeser did not meet with it.
It was built as the head office of the Royal Insurance Company and was used until they moved to a building on New John Street in 1903.
Ceiling in coffered panels with egg and dart mouldings, and richly ornamented centre and side panels; very rich frieze and cornice.
This list of earth sciences awards is an index to articles on notable awards for earth sciences, or natural science related to the planet Earth.
It includes awards for meteorology, oceanography and paleontology, but excludes awards for environmental science, geography, geology and geophysics, which are covered by separate lists.
Eoin Carey (born 2000) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Championship club Kilworth and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
Throughout his career he specialised in portraits of Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott in imaginary historical scenes and in paintings of Scottish country life which frequently have a strong narrative theme.
Hardie was elected an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy (ARSA) in 1886 and a member of the Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) in 1895.
He exhibited at: the Royal Academy; the Royal Scottish Academy; the Royal Hibernian Academy; the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours; the Royal Glasgow Institute of Fine Arts and the Aberdeen Artists’ Society.
At least eight of his artworks are in the collection of the National Galleries of Scotland His portrait of Julius Drewe hangs in Castle Drogo in Devon.
Bērnu Klīniskā Universitātes Slimnīca (BKUS) is the only specialised children’s hospital in Riga, and is part of the University hospitals of Latvia.
In 2019 it set up 7 digital check-in kiosks, with the Check-In, Flow Manager and Calling software to improve the flow of patients around the hospital services.
In the Americas Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Loïc Badé (born 11 April 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for the club Le Havre.
She represented Egypt at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's 73 kg event in 2016.
The 2019–20 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks men's basketball team represent Northern Arizona University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Lumberjacks, led by interim head coach Shane Burcar, play their home games at the Walkup Skydome in Flagstaff, Arizona, with their non-conference home games at Rolle Activity Center, and 1 at Findlay Toyota Center, as members of the Big Sky Conference.
The Lumberjacks finished the 2018–19 season 10–21 overall, 8–12 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for 8th place.
On June 3, 2019, it was announced that head coach Jack Murphy would be stepping down, in order to take the associate head coaching position at his alma mater, Arizona.
Three days later, on June 6, it was announced that assistant coach, Shane Burcar, would be promoted to interim head coach.
Agnes Burns or Agnes Galt was Robert’s eldest sister born in 1762 at the Alloway Cottage in South Ayrshire to William Burnes and Agnes Broun.
At the advanced age of forty-two, late for the times in which she lived, she married William Galt at Dinning in 1804 who had worked for her brother Gilbert at Dinning Farm in Nithsdale.
Agnes moved in 1817 with William to the Fortescue Estates at Stephenstown in Dundalk, County Louth, Republic of Ireland where he was employed to build two reservoirs to supply water to the estate gardens, orchards, grinding mill, etc.
Impressed with his work, Matthew Fortescue offered him the post of Confidential Manager on the Stephenstown Estate for the generous salary of 40 guineas per annum that also came with a tied cottage that was built for them and a plot of land for growing crops, keeping a cow or two, etc.
He also insisted on buying the best farm equipment and as a result in 1847, part of the Fortescue estate was considered to be one of the best farms in the British Isles.
Agnes died in the cottage in 1834 aged 72 and William lived on at the estate at Lakeview Cottage for another thirteen years until he died in 1847.
The couple were buried in the St Nicholas, Dundalk, Church of Ireland cemetery where a monument was erected by admirers of Robert Burns.
The cottage’s museum section explores the life and works of the poet as well as interpreting his sister’s life as a dairymaid on the estate, the estate itself and the Fortescue family.
The Colla Bassa saddle (1,851 m) divides it from Monte Grosso (East), while westwards the ridge goes on with Cima Ciuaiera (2,175 m) and Colla dei Termini.
Close to the summmit of the Monte Antoroto stands a rounded and grassy subsummit, some metres lower than the main summit.
Monte Antoroto is clearly visible from Valdinferno (comune of Garessio) and from Ormea, which stands at the feet of its overhanging southern cliffs.
The Monte Antoroto can be reached from Valcasotto following a waymarked foothpath with a vertical climb of about 1,200 m. A slightly shorter hiking itinerary starts from Valdinferno, a village belonging to the Garessio comune.
In good weather conditions also on the Ligurian sea and Golfo di Genova can be seen behind the Ligurian Prealps (Armetta-Galero ridge).
Over 250 graduate students are also enrolled in various IHU departments, plus another 100 from more than forty countries who have already been pursuing their studies in the Department of Civilization Studies under the Alliance of Civilizations Institute.
Depending on their performance, students have the chance to receive further, IHU – supported language training in the UK, the US, or in Malaysia.
IHU also offers a special Honors Program, as well as diverse extracurricular or club activities in art, sports or travel, which are administered by the Health, Culture and Sports Department (SKS) under the General Secretary’s office.
IHU was established by the TÜRGEV Foundation (Turkey Youth and Education Services Foundation), set up by Recep Tayyip Erdogan in 1996 when he was Mayor of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
Dara Strolovitch is an American political scientist, currently a professor of gender and sexuality studies, African American studies, and political science at Princeton University.
She studies the politics of race, class, gender, and sexuality in the context of intersectional societal inequality, and the representation of those who are marginalized in multiple overlapping ways.
She attended Yale University for graduate school, earning an MA in political science in 1998, an MPhil in political science in 2002, and a PhD in political science also in 2002.
In 2001, Strolovitch became a professor of political science at the University of Minnesota, before moving to Princeton University in 2013.
Strolovitch uses a survey and interviews to study the political representation of interest groups, with a theory of interest group effectiveness that builds on the idea of intersectionality.
The findings of the book include evidence that already advantaged groups are better represented by interest group politics than disadvantaged groups are, and that often interest groups focus more on the legislative and executive branches of the US government than they do on the judicial branch.
Strolovitch is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
Local elections were held in the province of Cebu on May 13, 2019 as part of the 2019 Philippine general election.
Voters selected from among candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice governor, governor and representatives for the seven districts of Cebu (including two districts of Cebu City and the lone district of Lapu-Lapu City).
Vice Governor Agnes Magpale ran for the first time as governor and was defeated by her opponent, former Governor Gwendolyn Garcia, who was also serving as representative of Cebu's third legislative district.
Edwin Alberto Herrera Hernandez (born 2 September 1998) is a Colombian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Santa Fe.
He was Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1766 to 1772; and Archdeacon of Dublin from 1772 until his death.
Willer Emilio Ditta Pérez (born 23 January 1997) is a Colombian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Atlético Junior.
Changping North railway station (), also known as Changpingbei railway station, is a railway station in the Gulou North Street in the urban area of Changping District, Beijing.
Previously, he served as the 7th Secretary of State for Justice from 2009 to 2011 and as member of the General Council of the Judiciary from 2001 to 2008.
Since 1997, he is Law Professor in the Seville University and he was also law professor in Andalusian Interuniversity Institute of Criminology.
In 1997 he was appointed Director-General for Relations with the Administration of Justice of the Regional Government of Andalusia until 2001, when he joined the General Council of the Judiciary.
He was one of the candidates proposed by the PSOE in the Senate to fill one of the vacancies of a magistrate in the renewal of the Constitutional Court, although his candidacy was rejected.
In the 2015 general election, he was elected by the constituency of Cádiz and he was re-elected in the April and November 2019 general elections.
Because of his experience as Secretary of State for Justice, in January 11, 2020 the Office of the Prime Minister, Pedro Sánchez, announced that he would be appointed Minister of Justice in the Sánchez Second Cabinet succeeding Dolores Delgado.
He took the office on 13 January 2020 before the King in Zarzuela Palace and as First Notary of the Kingdom, attested to the inauguration of the rest of the new government.
The 2020 Houston Dash season is the team's seventh season as an American professional women's soccer team in the National Women's Soccer League.
On January 6th 2020, the Dash traded team captain Kealia Ohai to the Chicago Red Stars, Ohai had been a member of the Dash since their inaugural season and is the team's all time leading scorer.
Álvaro Anyiver Angulo Mosquera (born 6 March 1997) is a Colombian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Rionegro Águilas.
Monika and the Sixteen Year Olds (German: Monika und die Sechzehnjährigen) is a 1975 West German sex comedy film directed by Charly Steinberger and featuring Teri Tordai, Liselotte Pulver and Klausjürgen Wussow.
A group of teenage girls at a boarding school all fall in love with the son of the director, but are alarmed when they discover he has plans to become a priest and renounce woman entirely.
Carsten Svensgaard (born January 3, 1975 in Holstebro, Denmark) is a Danish curler, a three-time and a five-time Danish men's champion.
Leandro Nicolás Bolmaro (born 11 September 2000) is an Argentine-Italian professional basketball player for FC Barcelona Lassa of the Liga ACB.
On 16 July 2017, when he was 16 years old, he signed with Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca of the Liga Nacional de Básquet, the top basketball league in Argentina.
In the following season, Bolmaro moved to Spanish club FC Barcelona and averaged 10.4 points, 3.1 rebounds and 2.7 assists per game for the reserve team in LEB Oro, the second-tier league.
In 2019–20, he split playing time between Barcelona's reserve team and senior team, which competed in the Liga ACB, the highest Spanish league, and the EuroLeague.
Bolmaro was Argentina's leading scorer, with 10.8 points per game, at the 2019 FIBA Under-19 World Cup in Heraklion, Greece, where his team finish in 11th place.
He was Precentor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1781 to 1785; and Archdeacon of Dublin from 1785 until his death.
It is located southeast of Washington Court House along Bogus Road SE (County Road 138) near its intersection with Ohio State Route 753, at .
She is the only known published female Irish weaver poet and one of the few women of the time to have poetry published in the Ulster Scots dialect.
Leech's eldest sister, who had attended school, attempted to teach her younger siblings to read, but she had very little free time.
At age 12, she was taught how to write, at the same time she started spinning linen yarn to earn a living.
In 1826 she worried that she was losing her sight, and she was unable to continue to teach or supervise children.
The farm she lived is still remembered locally and a local family, the Gilfillans, claim to have Leech's spinning wheel as depicted in the frontispiece engraving.
She also voiced her distrust of catholic priests, although it is possible she exaggerated these themes to ensure the continued support of the Church of Ireland gentleman who edited her poems before publication.
Her poems in Ulster Scots do not contain these problematic themes, and have become popular with recent promotion of the Ulster Scots language.
Some claim that nothing more is known of Leech after the publication of the volume of her poems in 1828, but other sources place her death in 1830.
She is the CEO and publisher of Ebert Digital, and was married to film critic Roger Ebert from 1992 until his death in 2013.
Ebert was born in Chicago to Johnnie Hobbs Hammel and Wiley Hammel, Sr. She attended Crane Technical High School in Chicago.
West Wales Parkway () is a planned railway station in the northern region of Swansea (), near to the boundaries of the neighbouring county of Carmarthenshire ().
The project is in the planning stages, as part of a wider Department for Transport proposal to re-open the Swansea District line () to passenger traffic.
Swansea has long been without high speed rail services due to extensive speed limits on the Swansea Loop and Bridgend () to Swansea line, set at 40mph (65 km/h) and 75 mph (120 km/h) respectively.
As part of a project commissioned by the Welsh Government, Barry has argued for either a service via the (currently freight-only) Swansea District Line, or the construction of a new line from Baglan to Swansea via the Swansea Bay coast, with a tram-train extension to The Mumbles () mirroring the historic tramway which opened in 1807, the first railway in the world.
In July 2019 the Welsh Secretary () Alun Cairns and Transport Secretary Chris Grayling launched the concept of a West Wales Parkway station, to be constructed on the Swansea District Line () near Felindre, at a cost of £20m.
Barry responded to the proposals positively, but insisted that any services would have to bypass Swansea railway station in order to see journey time improvements.
The 2020 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team will represent Mississippi State University in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Bulldogs will play their home games at Davis Wade Stadium in Starkville, Mississippi, and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Jean Franco Alexi Fuentes Velasco (born 7 February 1997) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for Deportivo La Guaira.
Chen served as the spokesperson for the Taiwan Statebuilding Party (then known as Taiwan Radical Wings) and supported a recall movement against Kaohsiung City Mayor Han Kuo-yu.
In the 2020 elections to the Legislative Yuan, Chen secured a win against incumbent Yen Kuan-heng (KMT) in the Taichung City Constituency II becoming the first Taiwan Statebuilding Party legislator.
He studied for a film and television degree at Brunel University London in London, then studied current affairs journalism at City, University of London.
They made a film about suppression of the media in Sri Lanka a week after the civil war ended, the success of which allowed them to work in television.
Though based in London, the couple followed their work in post-conflict areas around the world, living in a number of places, including Berlin.
Its story is set in and around a north west London council estate, in the 48 hours following a killing reminiscent of the 2013 murder of Lee Rigby.
Hope Border Institute (or simply Hope) is an independent grassroots community organization which addresses issues concerning migration and the Mexico–US border.
Hope Border Institute is one of a number of organisations operating in El Paso which has been involved in recent events at the US-Mexican border concerning United States immigration policy.
Its founding was a direct result of Pope Francis's direction that the Catholic Church should dedicate greater resources to supporting migrants in the Americas.
The institute has provided support to initiatives and shelters, such as Annunciation House, which are responsible for the humanitarian needs of migrants in Ciudad Juárez.
This policy causes some asylum seekers to spend extended periods of time waiting in Mexico after arriving at the US-Mexican border with the intention of claiming asylum.
The institute has been involved in policy campaigning concerning this issue, alongside providing support for migrants affected by this policy change and leading local community groups organising against the policy.
One policy research analyist at the organisation highlighted the conditions Mexican asylum seekers endured as a result of the Remain in Mexico Policy, pointing to the freezing conditions for people sleeping beneath the three bridges between Ciudad Juárez and El Paso.
Hope Border Institute has been vocal in criticizing the Trump administration family separation policy, in part because much of this separation has occurred in El Paso.
The organisation has provided advice concerning both the details of this policy development, and how to mount effective challenges to it.
In 2017, the Hope Border Institute and the Borderland Immigration Council (BIC) launched a report detailing the human impact and moral consequences of developments concerning the United States' immigration system, and the alleged militarization of the southern border.
The Hope Border Institute has been covered in the National Catholic Reporter, Human Rights Watch, Commonweal, Time Magazine, NPR, The New York Times, and The Guardian.
Cristhian Yonaiker Rivas Vielma (born 20 January 1997) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Estudiantes de Mérida.
Carmagnola or la Carmagnola is the traditional name of a porphyry head of a late Roman emperor, widely thought to represent Justinian, now placed on the external balustrade of St Mark's Basilica in Venice.
The Diadem unambiguously identifies the head as that of a late Roman emperor, and on stylistic grounds it has been dated between the 4th and 6th centuries, with several scholars identifying it as a depiction of Justinian.
The 2010 Indiana State Treasurer election was held in on Tuesday, November 2, 2010 as part of the 2010 Indiana elections, held during the 2010 midterms.
Buttigieg was the only candidate to seek the Democratic nomination, and was formally nominated at the Democratic state convention in Indianapolis on June 26.
Buttigieg was ultimately unchallenged for the Democratic nomination and was formally nominated at the Democratic state convention in Indianapolis on June 26.
He also placed limits on the amount of contributions accepted by his campaign from individuals who work at banks, refusing to accept contributions from bank employees in excess of $2,300.
This move by Mourdock had lost Indiana a large amount of money due to the restructuring of Chrysler during the company's bankruptcy.
Placing great emphasis on the potential job loss that could have occurred due to Mourdock's lawsuit, Buttigieg even had his nomination seconded at the state convention by Richie Boruff, the president of Kokomo's United Automobile Workers Local 685.
Buttigieg also argued that, had the lawsuit been successful, it would also have led to further losses in the value of the junk bonds.
Buttigieg further criticized Mourdock for choosing costly out-of-state firms to manage the lawsuit, which charged the state $2 million for their services, arguing that he could have saved money and better benefited the state by using more inexpensive in-state law firms.
Ultimately, the issue of the Chrysler junk bonds and the lawsuit against Chrysler emerged as the central issue of the campaign between Buttigieg and Mourdock.
Potential evidence of the failure of Buttigieg to gain traction on his argument about the risk of job loss that could have occurred due to Mourdock's Chrysler lawsuit was that Howard County, home to Kokomo (and 6,000 Chrysler jobs) was ultimately carried by Mourdock by a margin of 15,631 to 9,677.
Buttigieg argued that the state should only invest tax dollars in financial institutions that had demonstrated that they treat customers well, such as those that to small businesses and kept residents from losing homes to foreclosure.
He proposed setting guidelines for what banks Indiana would do business with which would include requiring that banks Indiana deposited money with had an Indiana headquarters, or have a large proportion of their employees (at least 50%) being in-state employees.
His proposed guidelines would also require that banks comply with obligations with the Community Reinvestment Act, comply with the future requirements of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and have a track record of community-oriented financial innovation (such as lending to micro enterprises).
Under the plan, money (including $100,000 million from the state's $3 billion general fund) would be deposited in local banks that agreed to lend cash at lower interest rates to local small businesses which pledge to generate or preserve jobs.
The treasurer's office would connect such businesses with lower interest loans, and the program would require that the businesses and the participating financial regularly file reports with the treasurer's office.
This would include increasing the frequency of reporting on the state's investments and its holdings, which were at the time annually reported, to at least quarterly.
Buttigieg's plans also entailed being more transparent and standardized in the decision process of where the treasurer deposited state money, including publishing online the criteria expected of financial institutions where money would be deposited.
It would also entail posting online of investment policy statements for each fund managed by the state treasurer's office, as well as information and links to outside firms managing state funds.
It would also involve an increase of public input in investment decisions, holding at least twice-annually a series of town halls.
His plans would also place a prohibition on former employees of the treasurer's staff lobbying or doing business with the office for two years after they leave.
Buttigieg argued that, by keeping better track of deposits and lending, the state could free credit up and stimulate job growth.
Buttigieg pledged that, as treasurer, he would seek to reinvest state funds in assets that were issued by companies based in Indiana wherever they would generate good returns on investment.
Buttigieg promised, if elected, to partner with the Indiana State Legislature to pass ethics standards to that would ensure that no investments would not be influenced by corporate campaign contributions.
Buttgigieg argued that wiser management of the states finances would decrease the necessity for cuts, such as those that had been recently made to education.
Buttigieg also promised that, within his first 60 days in office, he would assemble a committee that would inform his principles and develop reporting procedures.
Buttigieg argued that he could use the office of Treasurer to assist in generating economic growth in the state by making investments in state assets and depositing state money in the banks most likely to recirculate dollars to local communities.
In what was seen to be shaping up as a Republican wave election, Buttigieg hoped he could attract ticket splitting voters.
Mourdock defended his investment in Chrysler junk bonds, claiming that junk bonds had actually been the best-performing assets in the state's investment portfolio.
I think most Hoosiers were opposed to seeing our pensioners getting ripped off, which is exactly what happened.” Mourdock collaborated with governor Mitch Daniels on an op-ed in early June The Wall Street Journal defending the lawsuit.
Mourdock advertised his role as Chairman of the Indiana Wireless Enhanced 911 Advisory Board, proclaiming that such work demonstrated his commitment to public safety.
Moudrock also advertised his role Chairman of the Indiana Education Savings Authority, arguing that it demonstrated his commitment to promoting education and college savings.
Mourdock responded to criticism by Buttigieg of his investing by publicizing that the state treasurer's had earned $480 million in the 2010 fiscal year.
Mourdock's candidacy was seen as benefiting from running in a very republican-favorable election cycle and from being in a Republican-leaning state, making the strong favorite to win.
Mourdock was the state's top vote-getter, receiving a greater number of votes than any other Indiana candidate in the 2010 elections.
Langrishe Place, Methodist Chapel or Langrishe Hall was a Methodist Chapel established in Langrishe Place, Summerhill, Dublin, it was to provide a place for the congregation from the Free Church, Great Charles Street, Dublin (called the Wesley Chapel), which was too big for their numbers.
Originally set up in a rented premise in Langrishe Place in 1825, enlarged in 1830, the premises along with two houses were purchased and the chapel was rebuilt in 1835.
And used as a schoolhouse, today it is used by Talbot motors, the gothic styled gable wall still standing and a protected structure stands at the end of Langrishe Place.
In 1882 the congregation moved to a United Methodist Church on (the Primitive Wesleyans ending the schism from the Wesleyan Church) Jones Road, Clonliffe, Drumcondra (facing what is now Croke Park), along with the congregation from Oriel Street.
The playwright Sean O'Casey worked as a janitor at No 10 Langrishe Place, which had been the methodist chapel, it had subsequently been a parish dispensary, a school and the branch of the Irish National Forresters Society.
He started honing his musical talent at the age of 10 and would later go on to land a deal with Grafton records in 2016.
The expressway is 95% owned by Chinese developer Yunnan Construction Engineering Group, who are also the developer, and 5% by the Laotian government.
Otto L. Burns (September 11, 1868 – December 13, 1941) was an American politician who served as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives as a Democrat.
Otto L. Burns was born in Des Moines, Iowa on September 11, 1868 to L. D. Burns and Minerva Adams and was educated in public schools.
On December 13, 1941 he was driving home to Laramie, Wyoming when he was hit by a freight train seven miles north of Laramie and was killed at age 72.
The 2019–20 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team represent Portland State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Vikings, led by 3rd-year head coach Barret Peery, play their home games at Viking Pavilion in Portland, Oregon, as members of the Big Sky Conference.
The Vikings finished the 2018–19 season 16–16 overall, 11–9 in Big Sky play to finish in a three-way tie for 4th place.
The Superwife (German: Das Superweib) is a 1996 German comedy film directed by Sönke Wortmann and starring Veronica Ferres, Joachim Król and Richy Müller.
Jonathan Robert Milner (born 30 March 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Mark Ellis (born 4 February 1945) is an American-Canadian naval architect, who has designed sixteen production sailboats, along with many custom sailboats and powerboats.
He applied for a degree program in naval architecture at the University of Michigan but decided not to pursue it when he discovered that it mostly focused on large ship design, instead of small boats, which was where his interests lay.
He raced Dragon keelboats and became an instructor at the Clayton Yacht Club in Clayton, New York and the Crescent Yacht Club in Chaumont, New York.
He quickly became a project manager for three custom boats being built in West Germany, using his business training to act as the liaison between the customer and the yard building the boats.
With the birth of his first child Ellis and his wife decided to move away from New York City and so Ellis went on to work for Ted Hood at Little Harbour Boat Yard in Marblehead, Massachusetts, where he designed sailboat rigs as well as accommodation and deck plans.
In 1970 Ellis and his family then moved to Canada where he worked in the design office at C&C Yachts under George Cuthbertson and George Cassian.
Ellis decided to leave C&C and form his own design firm, Mark Ellis Design LLC, located in Oakville and later with offices in Essex, Connecticut.
Ellis' first design commission was the Aurora 40, but his second boat was the Nonsuch 30, a cruising catboat for customer Gordon Fisher.
Whereas many designers would design for a one-time payment for the rights, Ellis retained the rights to each of his designs and was paid for each individual boat completed.
His contracts also gave him control of the tooling for the design, if the original manufacturer ended production or went out of business, allowing his designs to be more easily moved to a new manufacturer.
His first design was the Limestone 24 for customer Fred Eaton , which was constructed by Hinterhoeller Yachts in St. Catharines, Ontario.
Built in 1996, it incorporates many style elements from the past, including a raked stem, a raised counter transom, with a long overhang, a low freeboard and a powerful rig.
I don't like trendy, boxy boats, though I can see the reason behind them, like stretching waterlines, but I've never liked bad aesthetics for no good reason.
In 2003, when Ellis was 58 years old, he was living in Oakville and actively sailing and powerboating, still maintaining the family vacation home in the Thousand Islands.
Jason Mark Sedlan (born 5 August 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
At the age of 24, she was the second youngest ever member to take office in the National Council after Pascale Bruderer (who is two months younger than her).
Michael Anthony Sisson (born 24 November 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Richard Dien Winfield (born April 7, 1950) is an American philosopher and Distinguished Research Professor of Philosophy at the University of Georgia.
He has been President of the Society of Systematic Philosophy, the Hegel Society of America, and the Metaphysical Society of America.
Winfield was a candidate for Georgia's 10th congressional District in 2018 and has declared candidacy for 2020 United States Senate special election in Georgia.
The dull dark grey forewing bears 6 pinkish crimson spots of which the 2 distal ones are slightly confluent; hindwing of the same tint, with rather broad black margin and reddish grey fringes.
Sex World (stylized as SexWorld) is a 1977 American pornographic science fiction film directed by Anthony Spinelli and written by Spinelli and Dean Rogers, from a story by Spinelli.
The film primarily takes place at a fictional resort known as Sex World, where individuals can live out their secret sexual desires and overcome their inhibitions with the help of android sexbots.
A group of people board a charter bus headed to Sex World, a resort where individuals can stay for three days and nights, and have their sexual fantasies be fulfilled.
Among the passengers are a painter named Joan Rice and her husband Jerry; a woman named Millicent and her submissive, impotent partner Ralph; and the lonely and introverted Lisa, who recalls an experience in which she wore a blonde wig and had phone sex with a man she did not know.
The passengers are handed questionnaires and are informed that, in order to guarantee privacy, they are prohibited from fraternizing with each other at the resort.
The bus arrives at Sex World, and that night, the visitors each sit down with individual counselors to be interviewed about their sexual desires.
Unbeknownst to the visitors, the discussions are being monitored by a control room of technicians whose jobs are to ensure the fulfillment of their fantasies.
In his private room, a white visitor named Roger encounters Jill, a black woman he saw on the bus to Sex World.
Millicent then engages in rough intercourse with Phil—who describes himself as being programmed to have stamina—while Ralph watches them through a one-way mirror.
Ralph is then led away to another room by Ann, who manages to give him an erection, and the two have sex.
Later, she receives a knock on the door of her room from a man who says that he saw her when she arrived, and that he wants to be with her.
Meanwhile, Roger attempts to bribe a Sex World employee into allowing him to stay at the resort again, but the employee refuses the offer.
This release, which features a 4K restoration of the film from its original 35 mm camera negative, was limited to 1,500 units.
Ali was born into a Bengali Muslim family from the Kathalkhair village of the Sylhet District in the British Raj's North-East Frontier.
At the age of 18, Ali left Sylhet Government School in class 10 moving to Calcutta where he worked alongside Bipin Chandra Pal.
In the 1920s, Ali was a sailor for the British Raj and jumped ship in the United States in search of employment.
On January 1937, Ali united all of the various unions (namely the Indian Quartermaster’s Union, Bengal Mariner’s Union, Seamen’s Welfare League of India and Karachi Seamen’s Union) under one large federation known as the All-India Seamen's Federation.
During a visit to London in 1933 for the Round Table Conference, not only did he represent the interests of Indian seamen but also Indian labourers, film-extras and peddlers in the United Kingdom.
Ali also had a good relationship with Krishna Menon and was invited by Menon to the Glasgow Trades Council meeting on August 23.
Ali was also known to have visited Dundee before proceeding off to Switzerland with Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Abdul Mannan Chaudhury for the International Labour Conference in Geneva where he put forward the proposal for a 56-hour week at sea and a 48-hour week at port balance for Indian seamen.
As World War II approached Britain, Ali, Alley and Tahsil Miya played crucial roles in breaking the deadlock between British ship-owners and Asian lascars.
On his return to Bengal, Ali became the vice president of the All-India Trade Union Congress and continued his role in the Bengal Legislative Assembly.
Following the Partition of India in 1947, Ali moved to East Bengal in Pakistan and became an independent Member of parliament.
In the 1950s, he founded the Overseas Seamen’s Welfare Association which campaigned distressed seamen and their families to be granted British passports.
A housing estate was built in 1995 on Tent Street (off Brady Street, East London) and named after him as Aftab Terrace.
Petr Pokorný (April 21, 1933 – January 18, 2020) was a Protestant theologian, professor at Charles University in Prague, and pastor of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, one of the leading biblical scholars in the Czech Republic.
For many years, Petr Pokorný led the Department of New Testament Studies at the Protestant Theological Faculty of the Prague University, in 1996–1999 he was the dean of the faculty, later (1998–2010) he was also the director of the Centre for Biblical Studies of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Charles University.
He was the full-time starting quarterback in his 2015 junior and 2016 senior campaigns, earning Daily Pilot Dream Team Player of the Year and first-team All-Pacific Coast League honors in both years, while he was also his conference MVP as a senior.
Over his high school career, Garbers had a combined 589-of-854 (69.0%) passes for 7,970 yards with 90 touchdowns and 10 interceptions for a 129.1 quarterback rating.
In 2018, Garbers shared Cal's starting quarterback position with Brandon McIlwain in a two-quarterback system, though Garbers started the majority of the season.
The Bears finished the 2018 season with a 7–6 record, including a loss at the Cheez-It Bowl against the TCU Horned Frogs.
Struggling to find a rhythm on offense, the Bears' offensive efficiency ranked as the second worst among all Power Five teams.
Garbers had career highs in completions, yards passing, and touchdown passes in the Ole Miss game with 23-of-35 passes for 357 yards with four touchdown throws.
Garbers suffered a broken collarbone during the Arizona State game that sidelined him for the next five games, four of which were losses.
Garbers returned to lead the Bears to a 24–20 win against Stanford in the Big Game, the first Big Game win for Cal since 2009.
This win clinched bowl eligibility for the Bears while making the Cardinal ineligible for the post-season for the first time in ten years.
The Bears went to the Redbox Bowl, where they won against the Illinois Fighting Illini 35–20, their first bowl win since 2015.
The Bears finished the 2019 season with an 8–5 record (4–5 in Pac-12 play), with Garbers notably going 7–0 in games in which he started and finished.
Matthew Carruthers (born 22 July 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 2020 Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC season is the club's sixth year of existence, and their sixth season in the Western Conference of the United Soccer League Championship, the second tier of the United States Soccer Pyramid.
In December 2016, it was announced the band would be supporting Moose Blood, Trophy Eyes and Boston Manor on a North American tour in February and March 2017.
Later in the year, they embarked on two more U.S. tours, supporting This Wild Life and Dryjacket on the first and Have Mercy, Boston Manor and Can't Swim on the second.
She later worked at the Max Planck Institute in Bonn, the University of Oxford, the University of Porto and the University of Plymouth.
Logares stands out for her social commitment, especially her role in the fight for the rights of the LGBT community and its inclusiveness in science.
Cyrille L'Helgoualch (born 25 September 1970) is a French former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Blome speaks Arabic and has worked in roles within the United States Department of State and in Tunisia, Afghanistan, Jerusalem, and Egypt.
The Shops at Foothills, formerly Foothills Fashion Mall and Foothills Mall, is a shopping mall in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States.
The mall's anchor stores are Dick's Sporting Goods and Macy's; other major tenants include Forever 21, H&M, Nordstrom Rack, Ross Dress for Less, and a Cinemark movie theater.
Leslie G. Everett, owner of Fort Collins, Colorado real estate company Everitt Enterprises, purchased the land that would become Foothills Fashion Mall in 1968 with the intention of developing it for commercial and residential use.
At the time, the city of Fort Collins was undergoing significant population growth, which led to an increased demand for retail.
Sears, which at the time had only a catalog merchant store downtown, was looking to build a full-scale department store along College Avenue (U.S. Highway 287).
The Denver Dry Goods Company (The Denver), a department store based in Denver, Colorado, had also expressed interest in opening a store along College Avenue.
At the time of purchase, Everitt Enterprises was not considering development of a shopping mall, but agreed to the concept after a meeting with representatives of The Denver.
Due to difficulty in obtaining sufficient resources with the mall, Everitt Enterprises formed a joint venture with Phoenix, Arizona-based shopping mall developer Westcor, to begin construction in 1972.
Sears and The Denver would serve as the anchor stores along with May-Daniels & Fisher (May D&F), also based out of Denver.
Sears and The Denver were the first two stores to open for business, respectively opening on August 9 and 10, 1973.
By the mall's one-year anniversary in late 1974, all but seven of the fifty-three retail spots within the mall were occupied, and the overall mall had more than 450 employees.
In response to mall traffic, the city of Fort Collins widened College Avenue and installed a traffic signal at the mall's entrance.
Gary Haxtun, then-vice president of Everitt Enterprises, noted that at the time, nearly 25 percent of mall customers were from Wyoming.
An expansion begun in 1987 and completed in 1989 expanded the mall from to ; in addition, The Denver closed in 1987 and was sold to Mervyn's which opened in 1989.
Mervyn's closed in 2005 and J. C. Penney moved to a larger store in 2006, while Foley's was sold to Macy's.
General Growth Properties had bought the mall in 2003 and had announced renovation plans following the closure of J. C. Penney and Mervyn's, but these plans were complicated by a difficulty in finding suitable tenants, along with General Growth's bankruptcy filing in 2010.
Renovation included demolition of portions of the mall, along with the addition of Cinemark movie theater, Nordstrom Rack, and Ross Dress for Less.
Despite the renovation, the revived mall felt short of sales expectations and was only 77 percent leased by 2018, but mall developers noted that stores were still being opened at the time.
One year later, the mall remained only three-quarters occupied, with developers noting that one factor was the existence of tenants that do not generate significant tax revenues, such as yoga studios and nail salons.
Released in double-DVD format in 2005 through EMI, it was recorded on November 6 at the inauguration party of vocalist Chorão's own skatepark, aptly named Chorão Skate Park, which closed down one year after his death, in 2014.
It was one of the band's first live performances with its then-new line-up of André Pinguim, Heitor Gomes and Thiago Castanho, and also counted with a guest appearance by their long-time friend and collaborator, rapper Radjja de Santos.
Fitz-Gibbon returned to the United Kingdom in 1976, where she was appointed a lecturer at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology.
In 1983 she launched the A-Level Information System (Alis) an adapted assessment that supports students as they work for their GCE Advanced Level exams.
From 1989 to 2003 Fitz-Gibbon served as Director of the Curriculum, Evaluation and Management Centre (now Centre for Evaluation & Monitoring).
She did not think that the inspection methodology proposed by Ofsted met appropriate research standards, and that sufficient validation of Ofsted's approach had not been provided.
She spent her much of her life after the diagnosis campaigning locally and online to raise awareness of the link between pesticides and Parkinson's, in an effort to save others from a similar fate.
In 1986, Pattis was working for the American company Cosmos Engineering at Iran's main satellite ground station at Asadabad, some 200 miles southwest of Tehran.
Iranian authorities arrested him on June 16, 1986, shortly after an Iraqi raid shut down the telecommunications facility and severed Iran's telephone and telex links with the world for about two weeks.
Denise Walsh is an American political scientist, currently a professor of political science and women, gender and sexuality at the University of Virginia.
She studies the relationship between women's rights and political inclusion and level of democracy, as well as women's advancement during periods of democratization.
She completed an MA in political science at Columbia University in 1986, and a PhD in political science from the New School for Social Research in 2006.
In 2005, she became a professor at the University of Virginia, where she was also a co-founder of the Power, Violence and Inequality Collective, which she co-directed from 2016-2019.
The book confirms and advances findings that democratization does not generally increase women's participation in politics, as political institutions and parties often block women's advancement during these transitions.
However, by introducing a new variable regarding debate conditions, and by means of paired comparisons of particular periods of democratization in Poland, Chile, and South Africa, Walsh shows that open and inclusive conditions for debate during democratization periods can increase the state's support for advancements in women's rights and inclusion.
Walsh has published on women's representation and rights in democracies in journals like Politics & Gender, PS: Political Science & Politics, and Comparative Political Studies.
Walsh is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
The 10,000 metres event took place at the Zatopek 10K on 11 December 2008 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, the men's 5000 metres was contested at the Melbourne Track Classic on 5 March 2009 at the Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne and the women's 5000 metres was held at the Sydney Track Classic on 28 February 2009 at the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre in Sydney.
The public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan concerns the image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, current President of Turkey, among residents of Turkey and worldwide.
The refugee crisis originating from the Syrian civil war lowered the ratings of Erdogan in Europe, while maintaning high support in the Arab world.
Erdoğan is the most popular world leader for Arab youths, according to the results of a poll, carried out by the Arab Barometer research network for BBC News Arabic.
Kısakürek was regarded by some analysts, such as Günther Jikeli and Kemal Silay, as the source of his views on Jews.
When during a televised press conference he was asked if he believed a presidential system was possible in a unitary state.
However, the Turkish president's office said that Erdoğan was not advocating a Hitler-style government when he called for a state system with a strong executive.
Furthermore, that the Turkish president had declared the Holocaust, anti-semitism and Islamophobia as crimes against humanity and that it was out of the question for him to cite Hitler's Germany as a good example.
As President, Erdoğan has overseen a revival of Ottoman tradition, greeting Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas with an Ottoman-style ceremony in the new presidential palace, with guards dressed in costumes representing founders of 16 Great Turkish Empires in history.
This proved controversial, since it was perceived to be an open attack against the republican nature of modern Turkey founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Many critics have thus accused Erdoğan of wanting to become an Ottoman sultan and abandon the secular and democratic credentials of the Republic.
When pressed on this issue in January 2015, Erdoğan denied these claims and said that he would aim to be more like Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom rather than like an Ottoman sultan.
The 2020 Texas A&M Aggies football team will represent Texas A&M University in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Aggies will play their home games at Kyle Field in College Station, Texas, and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Archimede was the lead ship of her class of four submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and in the stern for which they carried a total of 16 torpedoes.
They were also armed with a pair of deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.
The premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan began on March 14, 2003, when the first Cabinet headed by Erdoğan was sworn in by the Turkish Parliament.
The AKP won a sweeping victory in the 2002 elections, which saw every party previously represented in the Grand National Assembly ejected from the chamber.
In the process, it won a two-thirds majority of seats, becoming the first Turkish party in 11 years to win an outright majority.
Erdoğan, as the leader of the biggest party in parliament, would have been normally given the task to form a cabinet.
However according to the Turkish Constitution Article 109 the Prime Ministers had to be also a representative of the Turkish Parliament.
Erdagan, who was banned from holding any political office after a 1994 incident in which he read a poem deemed pro-Islamist by judges, was therefore not.
It survived the crisis over the 2003 invasion of Iraq despite a massive back bench rebellion where over a hundred AKP MPs joined those of the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) in parliament to prevent the government from allowing the United States to launch a Northern offensive in Iraq from Turkish territory.
Later, Erdoğan's ban was abolished with the help of the CHP and Erdoğan became prime minister by being selected to parliament after a by-election in Siirt.
The AKP has undertaken structural reforms, and during its rule Turkey has seen rapid growth and an end to its three decade long period of high inflation rates.
On April 14, 2007, an estimated 300,000 people marched in Ankara to protest the possible candidacy of Erdoğan in the 2007 presidential election, afraid that if elected as President, he would alter the secular nature of the Turkish state.
Erdoğan announced on April 24, 2007 that the party had decided to nominate Abdullah Gül as the AKP candidate in the presidential election.
At the same time, Erdoğan claimed the failure to elect a president was a failure of the Turkish political system and proposed to modify the constitution.
The AKP achieved victory in the rescheduled July 22, 2007 elections with 46.6% of the vote, translating into control of 341 of the 550 available parliamentary seats.
Although the AKP received significantly more votes in 2007 than in 2002, the number of parliamentary seats they controlled decreased due to the rules of the Turkish electoral system.
Territorially, the elections of 2007 saw a major advance for the AKP, with the party outpolling the pro-Kurdish Democratic Society Party in traditional Kurdish strongholds such as Van and Mardin, as well as outpolling the secular-left CHP in traditionally secular areas such as Antalya and Artvin.
Overall, the AKP secured a plurality of votes in 68 of Turkey's 81 provinces, with its strongest vote of 71% coming from Bingöl.
Abdullah Gül was elected President in late August with 339 votes in the third round – the first at which a simple majority is required – after deadlock in the first two rounds, in which a two-thirds majority is needed.
The result of the elections was a third consecutive victory for the incumbent Justice and Development Party (AKP), with its leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan being re-elected as Prime Minister for a third term with 49.8% of the vote and 327 MPs.
The victory was attributed to the strong sustained economic recovery after the 2008 global financial crisis as well as the completion of several projects such as the İzmir commuter railway, inter-city high speed rail lines and airports in Amasya, Gökçeada and Gazipaşa (Antalya).
The first significant cases of election fraud under Erdoğan's rule were documented during the 2009 local elections, where numerous cases of ballot paper theft were reported in Ankara and Adana.
In the 2011 general election, a minivan containing ballot papers with a pre-stamped vote for the AKP was impounded by police in İzmir.
Substantial levels of fraud were documented during the 2014 local elections, including the theft and burning of ballots cast both for and against the AKP and the intimidation of officials counting the votes, including European Union Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, by government forces.
Several cases of opposition votes being counted as invalid and vote totals per ballot box being recorded incorrectly also caused controversy.
With an unusually high number of power outages occurring throughout the country while votes were being counted, the government was ridiculed when Energy Minister Taner Yıldız blamed them on cats entering transformers.
The Supreme Electoral Council ordered a repeat of the election in Yalova and Ağrı, both of which the AKP had initially narrowly lost to the CHP and BDP respectively.
Despite strong surveillance by citizens during the 2014 presidential election, no serious cases of fraud were documented during the voting or counting process.
However, Erdoğan was still heavily scrutinised over what was perceived to be excessive media bias in his favour during the campaigning process.
Erdogan's pro-EU government instituted several democratic reforms such as giving the European Court of Human Rights supremacy over Turkish courts, diminishing the powers of the 1991 Anti-Terror Law which had constrained Turkey’s democratization, and passing a partial amnesty to reduce penalties faced by many members of the Kurdish terrorist organization PKK who had surrendered to the government.
In 2009, the Turkish government under Prime Minister Erdogan announced a plan to help end the quarter-century-long conflict that has cost more than 40,000 lives.
The government’s plan, supported by the European Union, allowed the Kurdish language to be used in all broadcast media and political campaigns, and restore Kurdish names to cities and towns that have been given Turkish ones.
Such measures, many of which have been required for entry to the European Union, were inconceivable in the early 1980s, when aggressive state policies prohibited use of the Kurdish language and other cultural and political rights for the Kurds.
Erdogan tried to attract more foreign investors to Turkey and lifted most of government regulations, with the average GDP growth rate 7.3% during his premiership.
On March 2006, the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK) for the first time in Turkey's history held a press conference and publicly protest the obstruction of the appointment of judges to the high courts for over 10 months.
On May 2007, the head of the top court in Turkey has asked prosecutors to consider whether Erdogan should be charged over critical comments regarding the election of Abdullah Gul as president.
The Turkish parliament agreed to reduce the age of candidacy to the parliament from 30 to 25 and abolished the death penalty in all instances, including war time.
Turkey’s three social security bodies were united under one roof, bringing equal health services and retirement benefits for members of all three bodies.
Under the second bill, everyone below the age of 18 will be entitled to free health services, irrespective of whether they pay premiums to any social security organization or not.
On January 2008, the Turkish Parliament adopted a law on a complete prohibition of smoking in the most of the public places.
In December 2013, Turkish police detained more than 50 people and arrested 16 others, including the general manager of Halkbank and the sons of three government ministers, on charges of corruption.
Although Erdoğan blamed foreign ambassadors and pro-Erdoğan newspapers accused the United States or Israel of a plot, outside analysts attribute the arrests to a power struggle between the Prime Minister and Fethullah Gülen.
Erdoğan reshuffled his Cabinet on 25 December, replacing 10 ministers hours after three ministers, whose sons were detained in relation to the probe, resigned.
A file containing five audio recordings of conversations between Erdoğan and his son from a 26-hour period beginning 17 December 2013, in which he appeared to be instructing his son to conceal very large amounts of money, was posted to YouTube and widely discussed on social media.
On the night of 26 February 2014, Turkey's Parliament, dominated by Erdoğan's Justice and Development Party, passed a bill that allowed the government the power to block Internet sites, subject to court review within three days, and granting it access to Internet traffic data.
Another bill previously approved by a parliamentary committee would grant the MİT intelligence service access to data held by the government, as well as private institutions and courts.
The following day President Abdullah Gül approved placing an investigative agency that appoints judges and prosecutors under the control of Erdoğan's justice minister.
Hours later the telecommunications regulator BTK blocked DNS service to the site, citing four court orders the Turkish government had made requiring them to remove content to preserve privacy that had not been heeded.
However, the block of Twitter proved ineffective, with traffic increasing a record 138%, and #TwitterisblockedinTurkey becoming the top trending term worldwide.
To circumvent the block, Google suggested Turks use Google Public DNS at 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4, numbers which were soon graffitied in dozens of locations around Istanbul.
Two months later, on 3 June, Turkey's telecommunications watchdog ordered the ban to be lifted, after a ruling by the Constitutional Court.
Erdoğan supported the continuation of Turkey's high population growth rate and, in 2008, commented that to ensure the Turkish population remained young every family would need to have at least three children.
Erdoğan has stated that he opposes Turkey's high and growing rate of caesarean section births because he believes that they reduce the fertility of Turkish women, and he is in favor of limiting the number of such births in Turkish hospitals.
Davutoğlu was the chief foreign policy advisor of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan before he was appointed foreign minister in 2009.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and in the stern for which they carried a total of 16 torpedoes.
They were also armed with a pair of deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.
During the Spanish Civil War the boat torpedoed and badly damaged the Republican light cruiser while at anchor off Cartagena on 22 November 1936.
During a second patrol in January 1937, she bombarded Barcelona harbor on the night of 18/19 January and missed the cargo ship with three torpedoes off Tarragona on 19 January.
The Junior Darts Corporation(JDC) is a professional darts organisation based in the United Kingdom, it was established in 2015 when Steve Brown decided to form an organisation for youth players to play in competitions around the county.
In order to play in JDC events you must be aged between 10 and 18 at the time of the event.
If you wish to qualify for one of their big events you must be younger than 18 at the time of the event.
The Greenzone tour is considered to be the first step up for a player currently in a JDC Academy around the world.
It is directly integrated into the JDC Academy Grading System which allows a player of a lower ability the same chance to win over someone of a higher ability by handicapping the higher graded player.
The Junior Tour(Styled as Scott Farms Interational Tour, for sponsorship reasons), is the most highly attended tour on the circuit it consisted of 12 events spread over 6 dates followed by a grand final in the August of each year (Similar to the PDC Pro Tour) it allows for any player to enter(who meets the playing criteria) and is played in a Straight Knockout format.
2020 Will be the first year this tournament is held and as a result the format is as of yet unknown.
Previously it has been played on the same weekend as the World Championships but in 2020 This will not be the case.
(7 a), from the Libanon, has in addition to the red collar a red abdominal belt, the distal patch of the forewing being occasionally somewhat constricted in the centre.
Triboltingen railway station () is a railway station in the village of Triboltingen, part of the municipality of Ermatingen, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau.
The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and in the stern for which they carried a total of 16 torpedoes.
They were also armed with a pair of deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.
On 15 August she sank the 4,602 GRT cargo ship off Tenedos in the Eastern Mediterranean with a pair of torpedoes and 12 shells.
In January 2020, Lance was named the Most Outstanding Player of the 2020 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game, as the Bison captured their eighth FCS championship in nine seasons.
The first-seeded Marjorie Crawford and Jack Crawford defeated unseeded Emily Hood Westacott and Aubrey Willard 7–5, 6–4 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1931 Australian Championships.
It is one of two stations within the municipality of Tägerwilen; the other, Tägerwilen Dorf, is located away on the Wil–Kreuzlingen line.
Originally founded to be the steward of the 1774 Alexander Rock House, the museum has since expanded its scope to cover all periods of Charlotte's history with exhibits covering everything from the history of music in the city to the experiences of soldiers from Charlotte during the 1st World War.
In 1943, then owner of the 1774 Rock House Mr. Eugene M. Cole donated the structure and surrounding farm to the Western North Carolina Annual Conference of the Methodist Church for a planned retirement community known as the Methodist Home, now called Aldersgate.
In 1949, the Daughters of the American Revolution leased the house and some of the surrounding land from the Methodist Home in hopes of preserving it.
The Hezekiah Alexander Home Foundation was formed in 1969 to better facilitate fundraising and renovations for the house, and eventually raising $200,000 to help continue restoration.
The home site was called Mint Museum of History until November 1985, when the Mint Museum finished work on expansion that would allow all operations to move to Randolph Road.
On October 13, 1986, the Mint Museum voted to go along with the city council's plan to move the museum to the city's parks and recreation department.
This resulted from complaints that the Mint Museum lacked interest in history, but the change also would allow the Mint Museum to focus on fine arts rather than history.
Late in 1993, the Charlotte Museum of History moved its archives and a 5000-piece historical collection, divided among many locations, into a 1500-square-foot addition to its 5000-square-foot building.
The Museum is home to the 1774 Alexander Rock House along with several outbuildings which are a five minute walk from the rear of the main building with tours of the House's interior given on the hour.
Completed in 1774, the Rock House is the oldest building in Mecklenburg County and was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
The home is notable not only for its age, but also because it was home to supposed signer of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, Hezekiah Alexander.
The Siloam School is a historic Rosenwald School which the Museum is in the process of restoring and plans to move to museum grounds.
The song became Shakira's 30th top 10 hit on the chart extending her record of being the female artist with most top 10 entries on the chart.
The Ascension-Caproni Historic District encompasses a mixed collection of late 19th and early 20th century architecture along Washington, Newcomb, and Thorndike Streets in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.
Including religious, residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, it encapsulates the area's transition from industrial to residential uses between about 1850 and 1930.
The Ascension-Caproni Historic District is located in Boston's Lower Roxbury area, extending along the south side of Washington Street between East Lenox Street and Thorndike Street, and along Newcomb and Thorndike Streets.
The former Church of the Ascension, now the Grant AME Church, is a locally unusual Gothic Revival building, built in 1892 out of yellow brick.
Industrial buildings include the office, showroom, and studios of the Caproni Brothers Plaster Casting Company, a firm noted for its reproduction casts of classical Greek and Roman statuary, based on original museum pieces and exhibited in Symphony Hall, Boston among other locations.
The Lower Roxbury area was agricultural during the colonial period, and was first intensively developed in the mid-19th century as a mixed residential and industrial area, its housing serving workers at nearby factories.
The commercial Washington Street corridor in this district developed to serve that population, with the Church of the Ascension built to serve the large Irish immigrant population.
The street was home to military activities of the foot soldiers of the British Raj in the 19th century, deriving its name from the military barracks situated near it.
Jackson Muleka Kyanvubu (born 4 October 1999) is a Democratic Republic of the Congo footballer who currently plays as a forward for TP Mazembe.
Peggy Hamilton (1894 - February 26, 1984) was an American fashion and costume designer who designed many dresses for Hollywood silent actresses in the 1920s and 1930s.
Hamilton began her career as a designer in New York City in the 1910s, only to move to Los Angeles to work for the Triangle Film Corporation shortly after.
She designed many dresses for Hollywood silent actresses in the 1920s and 1930s, including Gloria Swanson, Myrna Loy, Norma Shearer, Dolores del Río, Joan Crawford, Betty Davis, and Greta Garbo.
She designed a dress whose pattern matched the ceiling of the ballroom inside the Biltmore Hotel painted by muralist John B. Smeraldi for its dedication in 1923.
The top seven ranking teams after the first half of the 2019–20 ACB regular season and Unicaja, as host team, qualified for the cup.
Cojutepeque had been chosen as the provisional capital between 1854 and 1858, due to the earthquake of April 16, 1854 that destroyed the city of San Salvador.
This caused an increase in political activity in that municipality, since between 1856 and 1857 the population of Cojutepecana left Nicaragua with the Salvadoran army to support the campaign against William Walker, which would be called the Central American National War.
Joël Beya Tumetuka (born 8 December 1999) is a Democratic Republic of the Congo footballer who currently plays as a forward for TP Mazembe.
Julia Harwood Caverno was born on 19 December 1862 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to the Reverend Charles and Abbie H. S. Caverno.
In 1912 she was promoted to the Head of Greek, a position she held until her retirement as John M. Green Professor in 1931.
In 1905 she was the only woman selected to be on the founding committee of the Classical Association of New England.
Caverno published on the role of the messenger in Greek tragedy and on Homer, but published more widely on the teaching of Greek in universities.
She was concerned with how the study of Greek could be promoted across all stages of education, and particularly how acting and drama could help students understand Greek literature.
Her sense of values, her keen judgement, and above all her inimitable humour and wise acceptance of life caused young and old alike to seek her counsel.
After Caverno's death her family and her students established the Julia Harwood Caverno Prize for excellence in Greek, which has a prize fund today of $2000.
This release took place only in Europe and Asia where it was bestseller in Singapore and the Philippines, which made the album quite popular.
The track charted not only in Poland, but also in several other European countries and became his breakthorugh song, receiving in Poland a diamond certification as well as a number-one position in Polish airplay charts.
Dick Henry Guinn (March 27, 1918 - August 26, 1980) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice admiral.
Dick H. Guinn was born on March 27, 1918 in Palestine, Texas, the son of Jack Simpson and Ruby Aurelia Guinn.
He graduated from the high school and entered the Texas College of Mines in El Paso, Texas, where he completed one year, before received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in May 1937.
During his time at the Academy, Guinn was active in the lacrosse team and also was a member of the Musical Club.
He graduated with Bachelor of Science degree on February 7, 1941 and was commissioned Ensign in the United States Navy on that date.
Guinn then served as an instructor there until October 1944, when he was assigned to newly formed Fighting Squadron 94 (VF-94) at Pensacola as Navy Combat Plane and Flight Leader.
Guinn took part in the air support operations at the end of Battle of Okinawa and attack on Japanese garrisons on Wake Island, Honshu and Hokkaido.
For this act of valor, Guinn was decorated with Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat.
Four days later, Guinn led his Flight of Hellcats during the attack on Oi Airfield, Honshu and scored direct hit with heavy caliber bomb, which destroyed large hangar.
He also destroyed two aircraft on the ground by strafing and directed his flight in destroying of two other hangars by bomb and eleven parked aircraft by rockets.
He also received Navy Presidential Unit Citation for merits of Lexington and all subordinated units (including his squadron) during the final stages of the War.
Guinn participated in the occupation of Japan until March 1946, when he was appointed Flag secretary to Commander, Naval Air Force, Pacific Fleet under Vice admiral Alfred E. Montgomery.
When admiral Montgomery assumed command of U.S. First Task Fleet in September 1946, Guinn was appointed his Flag Lieutenant and served in this capacity until June 1947, when he assumed command of Fighter Squadron 2-A.
He was attached to the staff of Commander Fleet Air, West Coast under Vice admiral John H. Hoover in June 1948 and served as Personnel officer until June of the following year, when he was transferred to Sandia Base near Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The Sandia Base served was a top-secret installation, which served as the Center for research, development, design, testing, and training of nuclear weapons and Guinn assumed duty as executive officer and staff operations officer on the staff, Commander Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project.
He later served consecutively as Squadron's Executive officer and Commanding officer and returned to the United States in February 1954 for duty in Air Warfare Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.
He remained there until March 1956, when he assumed command of Carrier Air Group 6 and commanded it during the Exercise Strikeback, a major naval exercise of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which took place over a ten-day period in September 1957 in the North Atlantic Ocean, GIUK Gap and Norwegian Sea.
Following the exercise, Guinn joined the staff, Commander, Naval Air Forces, Atlantic Fleet under Vice Admiral William L. Rees at Norfolk Navy Yard and remained there until March 1958, when he returned to the Navy Department in Washington, D.C. for duty as Head, Grade Assignment Branch, Bureau of Naval Personnel under Vice admiral Harold P. Smith.
He subsequently joined the staff of Commander-in-Chief, United States Seventh Fleet under Vice admiral Charles D. Griffin and served as Fleet Operations Officer until December 1961.
He later led his vessel to the Mediterranean Sea and returned to Washington, D.C. for duty with the Office of Navy Program Appraisal in July 1964.
Guinn was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral on June 1, 1965 and assumed command of Carrier Division 4, which was stationed in the Atlantic ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
He remained in that capacity until May 1967, when he was sent to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida for duty as Chief of Naval Air Basic Training.
His main duty was to train Naval aviators and support personnel during the ongoing Vietnam War and his tenure was marked with the establishing of many new concepts of training and increasing the number of flight hours flown by eleven percent while reducing the accident rate by twelve percent.
In May 1969, Guinn was transferred to Washington, D.C. and assumed duty as Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel under Vice admiral Charles K. Duncan.
He was promoted to the rank of Vice admiral on August 21, 1970 and succeeded admiral Duncan as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Manpower and Naval Reserve) and Chief of Naval Personnel.
Guinn assumed the responsibility for the bureau of personnel during the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam and faced many problems due to forces reduction.
Despite this, he provided an authoritative voice in manpower decisions at the executive levels of the Navy, Department of Defense and before the Congress.
Despite the pressure of austere funding coupled with a decreasing force, Guinn's deep concern for the morale and welfare of Navy men and women has been manifested in the many programs he sponsored to increase compensation eligibility, educational opportunity, promotion opportunity, and career attractiveness.
He remained in that capacity until the end of January 1972, when he was relieved by Vice admiral David H. Bagley and retired from active service one month later, completing 30 years of service.
Upon the retirement from the Navy, Guinn returned to Pensacola, Florida and assumed job as Vice President and Dean for University Relations and Development at the University of West Florida.
While in this capacity he later assumed additional duty as Professor of Political science, bringing his military knowledge into the classroom.
Guinn was also active in many organizations including the Navy League, Council on the Ageing and the United Way and the Historic Preservation Society.
Vice admiral Dick H. Guinn died suddenly of cardiac arrest on August 26, 1980, aged 62, at Naval Hospital Pensacola, Florida.
On 1 August 2019, Colonel Zlatko Radočaj took over as the current commander of the Croatian Army Training and Doctrine Command.
Training and Doctrine Command is responsible for the development and development of the Croatian Army gender doctrine, and participates in the development and development of the Croatian Army tactical doctrine, the OSRH Training Doctrine, and the OSRH Joint Doctrine.
The Training and Doctrine Command also provides training to members of other branches of the Croatian Armed Forces, and cooperates with the HVU in the field of training.
These are basic military training courses, the development of basic leadership skills, and a basic course in the use of SALW.
In our Department of Training and Doctrine, each gender has its own experts who can answer questions about gender development at any time, be it human, material, training or doctrinal potential.
The Požega Basic Training Center is in charge of training volunteer conscripts, cadet selection camps, they also conduct a Core Leadership Development Course, and their instructors also participate in other Training and Doctrine Command training tasks.
The combat training center at the Eugen Kvaternik military training ground in Slunj is tasked with conducting all training activities and monitoring the exercise units in combat conditions with ground exercises.
It is done with the help of the MILES 2000 system, and after the completion of each training activity, the unit that participated in the training on the ground receives the so-called Bring the package home with everything the unit did during the analysis exercise.
Rakitje has a Training Center for International Military Operations, which runs a series of courses on NATO and UN programs and is indispensable in preparing our and other members of the AF of other countries to participate in international missions.
In addition to the center, there are five regiments within the Training and Doctrine Command, which deploy the Croatian Army active reserve, namely: Infantry Regiment, Artillery-Rocket Regiment, Engineering, Logistics and Air Defense Regiment .
They are responsible for conducting specialist training and functional courses, and are responsible for setting up and maintaining an active reserve.
In addition to managing them, the Training and Doctrine Command creates their appearance, creates new training infrastructure and prescribes how it will be implemented.
Mount Cairnes is a 3,081-meter (10,108-foot) mountain summit located in the Freshfield Ranges of the Canadian Rockies in British Columbia, Canada.
The mountain was named in 1917 after noted geologist Delorme Donaldson Cairnes (1879-1917) of the Geological Survey of Canada from 1905 through 1917.
There is also another Mount Cairnes named for this same person located in Yukon, where he did much of his work.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cairnes is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Woods started playing billiards at the age of ten, having been introduced to the sport by her coach Phillip Welham at a taster day.
She entered the English Under 16 Billiards Championship in 2013 and lost to the eventual champion James Eyre by just 10 points.
In 2015, Woods beat Hannah Green to win the English Girls' Billiards event., and later in the year qualified from the round-robin stage for the final of the World Women's Billiards Championship, held at the Northern Snooker Centre, Leeds.
At the 2016 World Women's Billiards Championship, Woods lost all four of her matches, to Bonney, Revanna Umadevi, Gaye Jones and Eva Palmius.
The following year, aged 18 in 2017, Woods gained her fourth national title after defeating Brittany Chambers 152-48 in the final, and was also a semi-finalist in the (open) National Junior Billiards championship.
Woods was believed to be the youngest ever qualified snooker coach when she qualified in 2016 at the age of 16.
It was built on the main street of Kurthwood, a lumber company town, but almost all the rest of the town has disappeared since, leaving the house in a rural, wooded setting.
The parish was created in 1871 and saw some lumbering of long leaf pine in the late 1800s, then a lumbering boom from 1900 to 1929 when Kurthwood was closed and dismantled.
He made a further nine first-class appearances across the 1997–98 seasons, scoring 170 runs at an average of 15.45 and with a high score of 43 not out.
He spent the first few years of his life in the north of Iran because his parents were from Rasht and Anzali.
He has been writing poetry since he was 16 years old, and for the first time in 1983, a sonnet from him was published in a magazine.
Set to music by Leonardo Vinci, it was first performed on 2 February 1726 at the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice.
The background to these events is that Cosroe had previously defeated his opponent Asbite, king of Cambaia, and had his family murdered.
For this purpose, she has disguised herself as a man and found her way into Cosroe's court under the assumed name of Idaspe.
The following plot summary is based on the second version of the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse, performed in Dresden in 1763.
Before he announces his choice, he extracts an oath from both of them to recognize his decision and keep the peace.
Siroe wants to warn his father about Emira/Idaspe's revenge plan, but in order not to reveal his lover’s identity, he writes an anonymous letter.
Medarse now claims that he wrote the letter himself and that the traitor was none other than Siroe, who he says wanted his help to murder their father.
When Emira/Idaspe points out that he has not yet disclosed the name of the conspirator, Siroe explains that it might even be Idaspe himself.
With Cosroe now lost in thought about his son, Emira sees an opportunity to attack him and pulls out her own sword.
He is ready to forgive him for wanting to seduce Laodice, seeking Idaspe’s death and planning an uprising if only he will divulge the name of the traitor.
Only when he declares that he also wants to forgive the traitor too does Siroe begin to speak but he is interrupted by Emira/Idaspe.
Now Cosroe thinks Siroe wants his death and asks him to kill him – but Siroe does not wish to do that either.
Cosroe now has Laodice brought and gives Siroe an ultimatum: if he tells Idaspe the traitor’s name, he will be named heir and have Laodice.
Emira asks Arasse to kill her, but he confesses to her that he has only faked the death of Siroe, who is still alive.
Because he does not yet know her true identity, she shows him the royal seal as proof of the king’s trust in her.
The first setting of Metastasio’s libretto was by Leonardo Vinci, which premiered on 2 February 1726 at Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo in Venice.
The 1998 Country Music Association Awards, 32nd Ceremony, was held on September 23, 1998 at the Grand Ole Opry House, Nashville, Tennessee, and was hosted by CMA Award Winner, Vince Gill.
Sea Speed Ferries is a Greek ferry company operating from the Greek mainland to Cyclades and Crete in the Aegean Sea.
It has a wide-ranging distribution and can be found from Canada to Central America and the Caribbean as well as in Europe and Asia (India, eastern Russia, and Turkey).
She was carrying 1000 stands of arms, two 12-pounder field pieces, two mortars, uniforms for 1000 men, tents, and the like.
She was also carrying M. Jean Saint-Faust who was traveling to Curaçao to assume command of the naval forces of the Batavian Republic.
It was amalgamated with the Shire of Tableland to form the Shire of West Pilbara (later renamed Ashburton) on 27 May 1972.
She represented Poland at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the silver medal in the women's 86+ kg event in 2016.
The list that follows is the frontbench team led by Ed Davey, who was appointed as Acting Leader of the Party following the resignation of Jo Swinson.
Greek cafés were a significant cultural phenomenon in the history of Queensland, Australia, arising from a chain migration from Greece to Australia.
Almost every town in Queensland had a Greek café, and as many as ten operated in larger towns like Ipswich and Toowoomba during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s—the heyday of the Greek café.
Cafés were routinely open from 7am to midnight seven days a week, meals were cheap, portions were generous, and the menu was mostly the same countrywide.
Although operated by Greek families, Greek food was not served in these cafes which sought to appeal to the tastes of the Anglo Australian commmunity.
When other Greek people heard cafes in Australia were doing well, it prompted others, mostly under 25 years old, to leave Kythera.
The popular pattern was for Greek migrants to arrive in Sydney and earn some money working in existing Greek food establishments, before travelling to country New South Wales or Queensland to establish their own businesses.
After 1900 the Comino family moved into Bundaberg, Childers, Mackay, Cairns, and Emerald, making Comino cafes almost as conspicuous in Queensland as they were in New South Wales.
By the start of World War II over 10,000 Greeks had settled in Australia and the Kytherians, who by then constituted about 22% of the total, remained by far the dominant regional group.
The largest group of pre-World War II Queensland Greeks were also from Kythera, the most significant being the Comino, Coronis and Freeleagus families.
Although much larger numbers of Greeks would move to Australia after World War II, the earlier immigrants carved out a niche in Australian cultural history by giving rise to the institution of the Greek Cafe, which acted as the social hub of many country towns until the 1960s.
In 1916 a census of Australian Greeks revealed that, of the 176 Greeks in Brisbane, 140 worked in cafes and related trades.
During the 1910s changes in cafe design occurred which produced the layout common from the 1920s to the 1960s: at the front was a display window, then a refrigerated milk bar, with pantry and confectionery counter, and then a dining room, with a kitchen at the rear.
Cafes profited from the growth of the popularity of picture theatres as they fed patrons at intervals and after the show.
Increased use was made of cubicles to separate the dining tables, and more decoration was added, as an elegant interior could be translated into increased prices.
She married the artist Christopher Shearer who abandoned her and their sons to study in Europe, and whom she subsequently divorced.
Despite frequent brushes with the law and serving at least one jail sentence, she was financially successful and able to buy property and keep a fancy carriage.
In the 1890s, the women of her house were the subjects of a secret collection of photographs made by local photographer William Goldman that was published in book form in 2018.
She married the landscape painter Christopher Shearer (1846–1926) who abandoned her and their sons Victor and Bernard to study in Europe and whom she subsequently divorced.
Her profession often brought her into conflict with the forces of law and order and she regularly appeared in the Reading newspapers for criminal matters, often when local politicians were running for office with promises to clamp down on vice.
In 1890 she appeared in court in connection with a case in which it was alleged that she had been threatened with prosecution if she did not pay a member of the Fehr family a bribe.
She did not pay and was prosecuted for running a disorderly house and for selling alcohol without a licence, which charges she settled by paying $203.
Shearer stated that she did not instigate the case and it originated in a separate prosecution by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania of John L. Fehr for extortion.
She was released in March 1899 after serving the full term and left with Carrie Kalbach who had been convicted of the same offence.
Despite these brushes with the law, Shearer prospered and was able to buy a house for her sons and a black carriage with tassels and Belgian lace curtains.
In the early 1890s, the women in her brothel were the subjects of a secret collection of photographs made by William Goldman that was discovered by the historian of photography Robert Flynn Johnson around 2010 in the stock of a postcard dealer in Concord, California.
In 1907 it was revealed in proceedings against the alleged brothel-keeper May Reilly for illegally selling liquor on a Sunday, that Shearer had leased her house on Eighth and Walnut Streets to Reilly for five years from May 1905, possibly indicating a reduction in activities.
Agents of the Law and Order Society of Philadelphia testified that they had bought liquor from her and Shearer on that day and in that place on multiple occasions in 1906.
Shearer died of diabetes on 1 October 1909 at her home at 1138 North Eleventh Street after being ill for several years.
It was based in the Hamersley Range and had an office at Tambrey Station until the 1940s, met at Coolawanyah Station in the late 1940s, and met at Wittenoom from the 1950s.
It amalgamated with the original Shire of Ashburton to form the Shire of West Pilbara (later renamed Ashburton) on 27 May 1972.
Gabriel Rupanu started playing rugby as a youth for a local school Romanian club based in Bârlad and then started his professional journey joining the youth ranks of the local team in the same city.
After making a good impression Bârlad, under the supervision of several coaches including Ioan Harnagea, Ciprian Popa and Dan Tufaru, in early 2017 he was signed by SuperLiga side, Timișoara Saracens.
The Proclamation of Independence of Morocco (, ), also translated as the Manifesto of Independence of Morocco or Proclamation of January 11, 1944, is a document in which Moroccan nationalists called for the independence of Morocco in its national entirety under Muhammad V Bin Yusuf, as well as the installment of a democratic, constitutional government to guarantee the rights of all segments of society.
Free France then retook control of the a largely collaborationist colonial administration sympathetic to Philippe Pétain, which bode well for Moroccan nationalists.
Sultan Muhammad V of Morocco, who was a de facto prisoner of the colonial administration, though he had made no public gesture of sympathy toward Nazi Germany, and had protected Moroccan Jews from antisemitic policies, received confirmation from President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Casablanca Conference of January 1943, that the US would support the independence of Morocco when the war was over.
On December 18, 1943, those who were still free among the old guard of the National Party outlawed by the French administration in 1937—whose previous leaders such as Allal al-Fassi, Muhammad Hassan el-Wazzani, et al.
The Proclamation of Independence of Morocco was originally drafted by Ahmed el Hamiani Khatat and Ahmed Bahnini, attorneys of the party, and revised and amended by their colleagues.
On January 11, 1944, with the outcome of World War II still uncertain to all but the most perceptive, 66 Moroccans signed the public proclamation demanding an end to colonialism and the reinstatement of Morocco's independence, an enormous risk at the time.
The main nationalist leaders of all origins united around the Proclamation of Independence, forming a real political movement, representative of a wider segment of Moroccan society, urban and rural.
Among the signatories were members of the resistance, symbols of a free Morocco, and people who would become key figures in the construction of the new Morocco.
The reaction was immediate: great pressure upon Sultan Muhammad V to publicly condemn the Proclamation, as well as the detention of signatories and known nationalist activists.
On the night of January 28, Ahmed Balafrej, secretary general of the Istiqlal Party, as well as his associate Mohamed Lyazidi, were arrested in Rabat under the pretext of sharing intelligence with Axis powers.
The sultan also started to become an important national folk symbol, delivering the symbolic Tangier speech April 10, 1947 and being forced exile on the eve of Eid al-Adha August 20, 1953.
The 1997 Country Music Association Awards, 31st Ceremony, was held on September 24, 1997 at the Grand Ole Opry House, Nashville, Tennessee, and was hosted by CMA Award Winner, Vince Gill.
Deesis with Saint Paul and Saint Catherine is a 1520 oil on panel painting by Giulio Romano, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma.
Its title refers to deesis, a subject in Christian iconography, shown here with Paul of Tarsus and Catherine of Alexandria in the lower register and the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist in the upper.
Sources state the work was on the high altar of the monastery church of San Paolo in Parma since at least the mid 17th century and possibly earlier, though it is unknown how the work first came to the city.
It may have been commissioned around 1520, possibly by abbess Giovanna da Piacenza, who also commissioned frescoes for her private Camera della Badessa from Correggio.
This is supported by the work's chosen saints - the church was dedicated to Paul and the monks had a strong devotion to Catherine.
Parents may take some photos before prom, send their children off for the night, wait up for their son or daughter to come home, might ask how things went.
Tradition of the stužková slávnosť is related to the establishment of the gymnasiums and secondary professional schools in the former Czechoslovakia after First World War.
Due to the geographical distance and the fact that the two countries focused more on their own geography, relations stayed limited until 2016 and onwards.
Following the death of Hugo Chávez in March 2013, Turkish Deputy PM Beşir Atalay attended the funeral and said that the death of the late Venezuelan President shook across Latin America.
The first official visit between the two countries at presidential level was in October 2017 when Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro visited Turkey.
In December 2018, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited Venezuela in which he didn't support the claim of Juan Guaidó a month later.
Rear Admiral Thomas P. Magruder (29 November 1867 - 26 May 1938) was a decorated flag officer of the United States Navy who became controversial for his 1927 critique of Navy operational practices.
Magruder entered the United States Naval Academy on 3 September 1885, graduating in June with the Class of 1889, and was commissioned Ensign on 1 July 1891.
He was promoted to Lieutenant (Junior Grade) on 9 October 1898, to Lieutenant on 3 March 1899, to Lieutenant Commander on 1 July 1905, to Commander on 1 July 1910, and to Captain 6 August 1915.
He was promoted to Rear Admiral (temporary grade) on 25 April 1920, and to Rear Admiral (permanent grade) on 5 June 1921.
In 1915‑1916 he was at the Naval War College for long course and in 1916 was in charge of the Division of Naval Military Affairs, Navy Department.
In 1920‑1921 he was Naval Attache at Paris to settle private claims against the United States and also on other special duty there.
Magruder commanded the naval guard for the United States Army world flight in 1924, from Scotland to Boston, via Iceland, Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.
He searched for, found, and rescued the Italian aviator, Antonio Locatelli and three companions in the Arctic Ocean off the shore of Greenland in August 1924, for which a grateful Italian Government awarded him the Order of Commander of the Order of Saint Maurice and St. Lazarus.
In 1925 he took his division of light cruisers as a part of the U. S. Fleet on their visit to Australia.
Although he had been aware that his magazine article had not met with the approval of some naval officials, he stated that he hoped the matter would be straightened out.
Secretary Wilbur’s stated that the order to Magruder was not ‘punitive’, but ‘administrative.’ Rear Admiral R. H. Leigh, chief of the bureau of navigation, made public correspondence, between the department and Magruder following his critical magazine article.
Leigh said Admiral Magruder had either evaded or answered unsatisfactorily the 13 questions put to him by the department in its request for information to support Magruder’s article.
Rear Admiral Julian L. L. Latimer, president of the naval examining board and former judge advocate general of the navy, will succeed Magruder at Philadelphia, although planshad been made to give him command of the Brooklyn navy yard.
Under the date of 19 October, Secretary Wilbur asked Admiral Magruder to verify that he had stated that the navy is spending $3 million a year and getting $2 million worth of navy.
On 27 October, Secretary Wilbur announced at his daily press conference that after a conference with the Chief Executive at the White House, President Coolidge denied Admiral Magruder’s request for a personal interview and revocation of the recall order.
The Secretary stated that he believed this was the first time that an officer of Magruder’s rank had gone over the head of the navy secretary in an appeal to the President.
Magruder married Rosa Eliza Boush, daughter of Naval Constructor George Richard Boush and his wife, Adele Bilisoly Boush, in Washington, D. C., on 29 May 1893.
), Commander of Legion of Honour (France) and he also had the Spanish War Medal, Cuban Campaign Medal, Mexican Campaign Medal, and Victory Medal of the World War.
He was a member of the United States Naval Institute, the American Society of Naval Engineers, and the Army and Navy Club of Washington, D. C.
This section of the list of rampage killers contains those cases that either occurred mostly within a single household, or where most of the victims were members of a single family not related to the perpetrator.
Cases where the primary motive for the murders was to facilitate or cover up another felony, like robbery, are not included.
On December 22, 1889, he married his second wife Rebecca Bennett; he had three children between his two marriages: Nellie, Rebecca, and Henrietta.
In 1899, he became the city treasurer, and he also served as director of the Mechanics and Laborer's Building and Loan Association.
Tahir Taghizadeh (born 11 August 1967) is an Azerbaijani diplomat, who has served as the Ambassador to the United Kingdom since July 2014.
It is a supergroup of rock and new wave from Buenos Aires, Argentina, emerged in the early 1980s, composed of Pablo Guyot (guitars and vocals), Willy Iturri (drums and vocals) and Alfredo Toth (bass and vocals).
The 3 musicians coincided for the first time in Raúl Porchetto's band, serving as the instrumental basis for the best hits of the artist in the early 1980s.
The album quickly became a success and GIT began its take off: it would become one of the emblematic bands of the golden age of Argentine rock, conquering Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Japan, United States and Mexico.
Due to human wear and tear in the face of the overwhelming success the band was having, they separated in 1988.
He played in the 2019 Canadian Championship and scored in the first leg of their tie, which was lost on away goals to Canadian Premier League club HFX Wanderers FC.
On January 9, 2020, Raposo was selected fourth overall by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2020 MLS SuperDraft, and was signed by the club to a Generation Adidas contract.
The Three Eldest Children of Charles I is an oil painting on canvas of 1635 by Anthony van Dyck in the Galleria Sabauda in Turin.
It shows Charles II, Mary and James II, the three eldest children of Charles I and his wife Henrietta Maria of France, with a spaniel to the left.
It then become part of United Engineering Forgings (UEF) which in 2000 and 2001 was sold on to Wyman Gordon and Bifrangi, who now operate on the Smith-Clayton Forge site.
In 1929 Smith’s Stamping Works of Coventry had purchased the Clayton Forge which was adjacent to the Abbey Works of Clayton & Shuttleworth on Spa Road in Lincoln.
The Kestrel engines were used in the Hawker Fury and Hawker Hart and the Merlin in the Hawker Hurricane and the Supermarine Spitfire.
In 1938 an Erie 8,000-lb steam hammer was installed which made it possible to produce motor car crankshafts more rapidly and also aircraft components including the crankshafts for the Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah engines which were used extensively in British training aircraft.
Airscrews and crankshafts continued to be made for Hurricanes and Spitfires and also for the Rolls-Royce Vulture engines, and also many of the parts of the Napier Sabre engines.
As the Abbey Works was unaffected by Luftwaffe bombing during the war, it was able to keep up a very high level of aircraft engine and other aircraft casting production during the war.
After the war profits, largely resulting export, from motor vehicle and aircraft parts, enabled the company to purchase the extensive equipment that the UK Government had installed for wartime defence production and a healthy profit in the Company’s trading accounts was reported in 1948. .
In 1950 Mr H M H Fox, the works superintendent spent six weeks in the USA studying forging techniques and this resulted in an immediate increase in productivity.
At the time the UEF division was manufacturing forged engine discs, engine shafts, and airframe and landing-gear components, primarily for Rolls-Royce.
In November 2001 the Lincoln site, along with UEF Automotive – Sheffield, were purchased by an Italian Company, who formed Bifrangi UK Ltd. Bifrangi then sub-let part of the site to Wyman Gordon.
The firm has built a new 7,000 square metres press house to accommodate a 32,000 tonne percussion screw press, which is the biggest forging press in the world, unique in its type, that allows closed die forging up to 1000-kilogram and 3-metre pieces.
This facilitates the forging of large micro alloy steel-based parts in addition to opening up new markets forging Aluminium, super alloys and more exotic materials.
The largest counterblow hammer (900KJ) in Europe, is at the heart of the operation, capable of manufacturing hot die forging of Aerospace, Powergen, Oil & Gas and Nuclear components (asymmetric forgings, discs, shafts and valve bodies), forging at temperatures of up to 1340°c.
The hammers are supported by a Zdas 630 controlled pull down press which is utilised in the manufacture of pre-forms for asymmetric structural parts and long aero engine shafts.
Wyman-Gordon is a leading forging company for the world aerospace and energy markets from high grade titanium and nickel based alloys.
These are used for jet engines, including fan discs, compressor disks, turbine discs, shafts and also titanium and steel forgings for airframes.
Candice Carty-Williams was born in Croydon and grew up in South London, also living at various times in Clapham, Streatham, Ladywell and Lewisham.
Her mother is of Jamaican-Indian heritage and her Jamaican father had come to Britain at the age of 16 and worked as a cab driver.
She studied for a degree in communication and media studies at the University of Sussex, after which she decided to try to enter the publishing industry.
Internships with Melville House, 4th Estate and William Collins led to her being employed in 2014 as marketing assistant at the HarperCollins imprint 4th Estate, with promotion to marketing executive in 2015.
Keegan Kolesar (born April 8, 1997) is a Canadian ice hockey right winger currently playing for the Chicago Wolves in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL).
On June 24, 2017, Kolesar was traded to the Vegas Golden Knights in exchange for the Vegas' second-round draft pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft.
He was called up to the Golden Knights on January 10, 2020 and made his NHL debut the following night against the Blue Jackets.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2015 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
Peace Revisited is an album of previously released material by former America member Dan Peek, remixed by his Peace bandmates, Ken Marvin and Brian Gentry and released January 2020.
She won the 1936 Olympic Rally, the first and last time after 1900 that an automobile race was part of the Olympic Games.
She was also the grand-niece of Field Marshal Douglas Haig, commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front from 1915 to 1919.
At 14 she bought her first motorised vehicle; a surplus 2¾ hp Douglas motorcycle, and at the age of 16 Haig bought her first car with a gift of £50 from a Great Aunt.
This car was destroyed in a fire, and Haig earned money towards the cost of its replacement, an Austin 7 Sports, by selling her story to the press at £10 each.
The same year that the Austin was purchased she first did a lap at Brooklands in boyfriend Dennis Spragg's Talbot 8.
Other purchases on her return to England included a variety of cars, including a second Morgan and a variety of MGs.
In the early 1930s (the year is reported to have been either 1930 or 1933), Betty crashed her Morgan Super Sport on the Kingston bypass, killing passenger Molly Watkins.
The first race Haig entered was the Junior Racing Drivers Club Speed Hill Climb Chalfont St Peter in 1934, which she ran with her recently acquired Singer Nine Le Mans, registration AKV 795.
The duo completed the race, and Haig's report to Singer on the car's performance earned her factory support for return to the event in 1936, which she drove solo but suffered a gearbox failure during the race.
Haig's first appearance at an event held on a racing track was in 1935 at the JCC High Speed Trials, where she drove her Aston Martin.
In 1936 Haig won a gold medal for finishing first in the Olympic Rally held in conjunction with the 1936 Summer Olympics.
A Delage had caught fire while at speed and as driver Joseph Paul tried to exit the track his car was struck by the Darracq driven by A. C. Lace, sending the burning Delage through the fencing and down into the off-track area.
During this period Haig was also driving open-wheeled single-seaters, racing a Cooper 1000 in 1950 and a Cooper 500 the next year.
Haig was also a charter member of such clubs as the Frazer Nash car Club and the Porsche Club of Great Britain.
Haig is memorialised by events such as the Triple-M Register's Betty Haig Cup for best racing performance of the year, the Betty Haig Memorial Trophy for the fastest time by a lady competitor in a racing car at Prescott, and the AC Owners' Club's Betty Haig Trophy for fastest lady member on handicap at Goodwood.
Over the course of her life Haig owned a large number of vehicles, with one magazine article reporting that she had owned more than 60 cars by the mid-1960s.
The list included both road cars and purpose-built racers, with representatives from marques like A.B.C., A.C. Cars, Alvis, Aston Martin, Austin, Austin-Healy, BMW, Bugatti, Cooper, Elva, Frazer Nash, H.R.G., Healey, Jaguar, Lotus, MG, Morgan, Morris, Salmson, Singer, Triumph, and Turner, among others.
The company specialized in home appliances, releasing the ZUG washing machine in 1915, the first unimatic automatic washing machine in 1950, and tumble dryer in 1959.
Haag Streit comprised more than 20 companies with about 900 employees and develops products for the ophthalmology (diagnostics, surgical microscopy), pulmonology, and optics fields; the company was acquired to form Metall Zug's medical devices division.
The Gašinci military training grounds is a Croatian Army training base located 10 kilometers from Đakovo, in the region of Slavonia, Croatia.
Prior to being used by the Croatian Army, the Gašinci military training grounds was built and used by the Yugoslav Peoples Army (JNA).
Captured by Croatian forces in the early days of the Croatian War of Independence, from 1991-95 Gašinci served as the Croatian Army's primary live-fire training centre.
In 2013, a 21-year-old soldier Marko Zalović was killed when he was run over by a M-84 main battle tank that unexpectedly veered from its route and killed the young soldier who was in a trench by the road.
The eastern portion is dedicated to administrative command buildings, training facilities and sports fields; while the western area, which covers 2,100 hectares, is a dedicated training area.
Smaller than the Eugen Kvaternik military training ground near Slunj, the Gašinci complex covers an area of 7.5 x 5 kilometers and is best suited for training individuals and smaller groups at the company and battalion level.
Gordon Norton Ray (8 September 1915, New York City – 15 December 1986, Manhattan) was an American author, professor of English, and collector of English and French illustrated books and autographed letters from the Victorian era.
Ray was an instructor in English at Harvard University from 1940 to 1942 and then in 1942 enlisted in the U.S. Navy as an apprentice seaman.
At the University of Illinois, he was a professor of English from 1946 to 1957, also serving as head of the English department, and vice president and provost from 1957 to 1960.
He was from 1960 to 1963 the associate secretary general and from 1963 to 1985 the president of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
At the Low Memorial Library on the Columbia campus, his collections formed one of the main sources of a Benjamin Disraeli exhibition in 1981.
In addition to her full-time job as a quality assurance tester, Kinema volunteered as a games industry organizer in 2018 and 2019.
She was hired by the Communications Workers of America union in 2020 to organize games and tech workers, the first American initiative of its kind in those sectors.
In addition to her full-time job as a quality assurance tester for an Orange County, California-based game developer, Kinema volunteered with Game Workers Unite to organize the video games industry.
This volunteering, which she estimated as 60 hours per week, included giving and receiving training and was supported by crowdfunded monthly income.
Kinema and games writer Liz Ryerson were the main figures behind the initial expansion of Game Workers Unite in early 2018.
Kinema helped to organize a panel on labor at the March 2019 Game Developers' Conference and in May, helped to organize the walkout at Riot Games over its handling of sex discrimination.
She assisted Riot workers in creating an organizing committee after they attended a 2018 Game Workers Unite meeting and further advised the organizers via phone.
In January 2020, Communications Workers of America hired Kinema to organize workers in the video game and tech industries, the first such union-sanctioned initiative in those sectors.
She plans to use the Communications Workers of America's infrastructure to fight issues including crunch time, layoffs, and workplace ethics, which she has contended as working conditions for employees who choose employers based on ability to make societal impact.
In early 2020, Kinema said that she was involved with almost every video game worker unionization drive in the United States.
Her name is a pseudonym chosen so that she could continue working in the games industry without risking dismissal or reprisal under at-will employment.
Founded during events surrounding the March 2018 Game Developers' Conference, the flat organization has grown to over a thousand members across more than 20 international chapters.
Game Workers Unite has supported actions including Riot Games's 2019 walkout over sex discrimination and social media campaigns against CEOs who executed layoffs.
Game Workers Unite co-founder Emma Kinema was hired by the Communications Workers of America to organize workers in the video game and tech industries in early 2020, the first American initiative of its kind in those sectors.
Their goal is a single union for all developers, including programmers, artists, designers, and producers, with subgroups within the union representing disciplines.
They have argued that working conditions will only improve when studio managers are forced, and that workers cannot wait for managers to set realistic deadlines, fairer hiring practices, and to keep those promises.
They also seek to show the emphasize the humans and conditions behind the making of games and have argued that, allied with consumers, workers can fight business practices that concern gamers, such as gambling-based gameplay mechanics.
Some of the largest issues motivating the industry's organizing efforts include crunch time, when developers work overtime to finish a project in its last weeks, and social issues such as diversity and inclusion in the predominantly white and male industry.
In March 2018, the collective evolved from a private game developers Facebook Group to a Discord server where over 100 games industry members congregated.
Within a few weeks, Game Workers Unite was officially founded and its membership quickly rose from less than 10 to about 300.
Membership was about 600 by November 2018, and in the thousands across over 20 international chapters by mid-2019, including cities such as Los Angeles, Montreal, North Carolina, San Francisco, and Vancouver.
The group keeps its members' employers private, has no official membership count, and does not announce its nascent campaigns, though at least 12 were in progress as of late 2018.
When considering its strategy, the group first met with media unions such as the Writers Guild of America and Screen Actors Guild before reaching out to smaller games communities.
They hoped to build relationships with established unions and local developer communities before expanding to the global industry and collaborating with groups like the International Game Developers Association.
The group saw the breadth and volume of roles in the games industry as posing potential difficulty for a single union strategy.
After employees attended a 2018 Game Workers Unite meeting, Kinema helped them create an organizing committee and advised the walkout organizers via phone.
The Communications Workers of America hired Kinema in early 2020 to organize workers in the video game and tech industries, the first such American union-sanctioned initiative in those sectors.
Game Workers Unite's other actions have included a social media campaigns to fire CEOs presiding over layoffs, such as Activision's Bobby Kotick and ArenaNet's Mike O'Brien.
The group's British chapter, Game Workers Unite UK, became a legally recognized union within the Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain in December 2018.
Their four goals are ending unfair overtime, bettering diversity and inclusion, educating and promoting targeted workers, and establishing steady and fair wages.
The party then released it's charter and manifesto as well as completed it's registration with the Ministry of Justice on 13 November 2018.
Tigran Khzmalyan confirmed that the party will continue to act as a strong opposition and continue their activities to hold government accountable and ensure Armenia's future lies with the European Union.
Both leaders announced the creation of a mass-petition to be signed by citizens calling on the government to give up cooperation with Russia and deepen their ties with European institutions.
On 11 November 2018, the European Party of Armenia organized a commemoration at the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide memorial to commemorate soldiers and martyrs killed during World War I.
On 12 January 2019, party members held a protest outside of the Russian 102nd Military Base in Gyumri and outside the Russian embassy in Yerevan.
In April 2019, the party released a statement condemning the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and stated it's support for Ukrainian territorial integrity.
During an interview in May 2019, Khzmalyan warned that Russia continues to blackmail Armenia and is attempting to halt any progressive reforms taking place in the country.
While party leader Khzmalyan vowed that protests in front of government buildings will continue almost every day until Armenia withdraws from the Eurasian Union.
On 22 November 2019, party members marched from Republic Square to the US Embassy in honor of former US president Woodrow Wilson and his concept of Wilsonian Armenia.
The party opposes Armenia's current membership in the Eurasian Union and believes Armenia should begin the first steps of accession negotiations to the European Union without delay.
Khzmalyan also stated that the Eurasian Union is a corrupt, hostile and colonial system and that the European Party of Armenia will stand in opposition to Armenia's current membership while supporting the development of Armenia as a European state within the European family of states.
The party additionally supports Russia to seek an EU membership bid and supports developing closer relations between Armenia and Georgia, Ukraine, the Baltic States and Iran.
The parties manifesto prioritizes establishing a strong and stable democracy in Armenia, eliminating all forms of discrimination, as well as protecting human rights, social justice and free elections.
Party leader Khzmalyan advised he would not be opposed to creating a political alliance with other parties which hold similar views, such as the anti-Russian Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party.
The party is also skeptical of Prosperous Armenia party and it's leader Gagik Tsarukyan, labeling them both as serving Russia's interests above all.
It was the longtime home of Dunedin amateur baseball and the first spring training home of the Toronto Blue Jays, as well as home to the Dunedin Blue Jays of the Class A Florida State League.
Grant Field served as the spring training home of the Texas League San Antonio Missions in the 1950s and the International League Buffalo Bisons who played their final season at Grant Field in 1962.
Dunedin was a 30-minute drive from the Tampa airport with daily flights to and from Toronto and nearby to other Major League spring training sites including the Phillies in Clearwater, the Mets and Cardinals in St. Petersburg, the Reds in Tampa, and the Pirates in Bradenton.
The city increased seating from approximately 1,200 to 3,400, and brought trailers to the site to house the team's front office staff.
The first Toronto Blue Jays game ever was played there on March 11, 1977 when the Blue Jays beat the New York Mets 3–1 in front of 1,988 fans.
In 1990, at a cost of approximately $2.4 million, the City of Dunedin built a new stadium called Dunedin Stadium at the same location as Grant Field.
The Three Eldest Children of Charles I is an oil painting on canvas by Anthony van Dyck, produced between November 1635 and March 1636 and still in the Royal Collection.
It shows Charles II, Mary and James II, the three eldest children of Charles I and his wife Henrietta Maria of France, with two King Charles spaniels.
Mark Norman Calder is an Australian bishop in the Anglican Church of Australia, who has served as the Bishop of Bathurst since November 2019.
Calder was born in Broken Hill but soon moved to Sydney, living in Eastwood where he attended Eastwood Primary School and Epping Boys High School.
He worked as an assistant minister in parishes in the Diocese of Sydney at Lalor Park and North Sydney, before becoming rector of St Andrew's Anglican Church, Roseville, a position he held for 18 years.
In November 2009 Calder became rector of Noosa Anglican Church in the Diocese of Brisbane, a role which he held until elected as Bishop of Bathurst.
Calder was invited by the Diocese of Bathurst to put his name forward as a candidate for bishop and was elected as bishop in September 2019, replacing Ian Palmer.
Calder was consecrated as bishop by Archbishop of Sydney Glenn Davies on 21 November 2019 in St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney, and installed as bishop on 23 November 2019 in All Saints' Cathedral, Bathurst.
Haleyuru Srinivasa Krishnaswamy Iyengar (H. S. K.) (26 August 1920 – 29 August 2008) was a Kannada columnist, essayist, novelist, critic and teacher of Economics and Commerce studies in Mysore.
For his lifetime contribution to Journalism and Kannada literature, the University of Mysore conferred a doctorate degree on him in 2004.
H. S. K. was born in the village of Haleyuru near the picturesque tourist locale of Chunchanakatte in K. R. Nagar taluk of Mysore district, India.
H. S. K. had his initial schooling in Siddapura school at Kempegowda Koppal (village) before moving to Dalavayi and Banumaiah High Schools at Mysore.
H. S. K. completed his Intermediate qualification at Mysore and moved to Central College, Bangalore (then under the University of Mysore) in 1940 for his L. Com (Commerce degree) qualification.
During the next three years of his L. Com studies at the Central College, H. S. K. scored good marks and thus secured free boarding at the Ramakrishna Student Home (as a scholarship).
In this period, he came into contact with stalwarts of Kannada literary movement like B. M. Srikantaiah, G. P. Rajarathnam and D. V. Gundappa.
He completed his Bachelor's degree in Economics & Commerce studies in 1948 and joined National High School, Bangalore as a teacher.
After a few years at National High School, he moved to 'Ranganatha Institute of Commerce', Bangalore as a member of the faculty.
Around this time, Banumaiah College, Mysore invited H. S. K. to join its faculty in the department of Economics & Commerce.
With a Master's degree, Krishnaswamy Iyengar was able to get promoted to the posts of Associate Professor, Professor and eventually ended up as Principal of the college.
While majority of his writing is essentially biographical in nature, he also experimented with poetry, novels, short stories, economic treatises and socio-political caricatures.
His earliest foray into writing columns for newspapers was in the form of articles which he submitted for ‘Deshabandhu’, ‘Vishwa Karnataka’ and ‘Chaya’ newspapers.
His next biographical work was on the Indian Film Director, Producer and Cinematographer B. R. Panthalu and this was published in 1979.
Interestingly, H. S. K.'s biographical sketches were seldom limited to those in the socio-political arena and often extended beyond those confines.
An Economist by education, H. S. K. wrote extensively on contemporary economic plans of the day, namely the Five Year Plans of the Government of India.
Six decades of writing, over a thousand biographies and character sketches, essays, anthology of poems, novels and short stories and small treatises on economics and commerce related matters made H. S. K. a household name in Kannada literary and journalistic circles.
H. S. K. died at the age of 88 years on 29 August, 2008 at Mysore after suffering a brief period of illness.
It was released by Quiet Fire Media on March 20, 2015, and re-released by Triple Crown Records on October 23, 2015.
The EP is considered the band's breakthrough record, setting in motion a series of events that led to Triple Crown Records signing them in August 2015.
Shortly before the end of the previous year, the band signed with new record label Giant MKT and spent much of 2014 on tour with label-mates Head North.
At the same time, however, they also were working to craft another full-length album they hoped would launch a new phase in their career.
The next month, they arrived at Maximum Sound Studios in Danvers, Massachusetts, where they worked with producer Gary Cioffi to put together the EP in three weeks.
Shortly after the EP's release, the band was approached about supporting a major tour and conversations began with Triple Crown Records weeks after that.
The label announced on August 31, 2015 that they had signed the band and would be re-releasing the EP on October 23, 2015.
James Ross Carpenter (August 7, 1867 – January 27, 1943) was an American politician who served as a member of the Wyoming Senate as a Democrat.
From 1887 to 1892 he was a rancher in western Kansas and then moved to Des Moines, Iowa from 1892 to 1907 before moving to Wyoming in 1907 where he helped create Carpenter, which was named in his honor, and then to Cheyenne in 1910.
In Wyoming he founded the Federal Land Company that helped in the foundation and advertisement of multiple Wyoming towns including Burns, Wyoming.
In 1912 he was elected to be Wyoming's Democratic Congressional committeeman and served as chairman of the Democratic Central Committee of Laramie county from 1914 to 1916.
Klaudia Tanner (born 2 May 1970) is an Austrian People's Party politician who has served in the Second Kurz government as Minister of Defense since January 2020.
Tanner was appointed as Minister of Defense by Chancellor of Austria, Sebastian Kurz, making her the first woman to hold the position.
Johnston attended St. Johns University for two years, before moving to Wake Forest University in 2018 in search of a bigger challenge both in soccer and academically.
Johnston played in the 2019 Canadian Championship for Vaughan Azzuri and was sent off in the second leg of the away goals defeat to HFX Wanderers FC.
Glauco was the lead ship of her class of two submarines ordered by the Portuguese government, but taken over and completed for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1930s.
The boats were armed with eight internal torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 14 torpedoes.
They were also armed with two deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.
Ricky MacMillan, (born 24 September 1961 in Surat, Queensland) is an Australian equestrian, international dressage judge, chair of Equestrian Australia and dentist.
Riding Crisp, she finished in 35th place in the individual event, while the Australian team of Kristy Oatley, Mary Hanna, Rachael Downs and MacMillan finished 6th in the team event.
In April 2019 MacMillan was appointed to the board of Equestrian Australia, and became chair of the board in November of the same year at the annual general meeting.
GOLOG is a high-level logic programming language, developed at the University of Toronto, for the speciﬁcation and execution of complex actions in dynamical domains.
In GOLOG language the interpreter of the programming language automatically maintains a direct characterization of the dynamic world being modeled, on the basis of user supplied axioms about the preconditions and effects of actions and the initial state of the world.
In contrast, fifth-generation programming languages like Golog are working with an abstract model which is able to generate the sequence of actions by request.
In addition to a logic-based action formalism for describing the environment and the effects of basic actions, they enable the construction of complex actions using typical programming language constructs.
Beside that it is considered perfect for applications in high level control of robots and industrial processes, virtual agents, discrete event simulation etcIt can be also used to develop BDI (Belief Desire Intention)-style agent systems.
Otraria was one of two s ordered by the Portuguese government, but taken over and completed for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1930s.
The boats were armed with eight internal torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern for which they carried a total of 14 torpedoes.
They were also armed with two deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.
During the Spanish Civil War she attempted to torpedo a Republican destroyer in Cartagena, but missed with the torpedo detonating against a mole.
Beyond California, his work extended to the New York Biltmore Hotel, the Atlanta Biltmore Hotel, The Breakers in Palm Beach, Florida, and Château Frontenac in Quebec City, Canada.
Prince Charles-Henri de Lobkowicz Hugues Xavier Benoît Michel Edouard Joseph Balthazar (born 17 May 1964) in Paris, France is a French nobleman, member of the House of Lobkowicz.
Prince Charles-Henri is the third child of four siblings, son of Prince Edouard de Lobkowicz and Princess Françoise of Bourbon-Parma, proprietor of the château de Boszt in Besson, heir to the Manoir d'Ujezd in Goderville, and to the château de Lignières.
He followed his boarding school education in Germany, England, Switzerland, and France while making frequent visits to Lebanon where his parents spent part of the year.
Prince Charles-Henri owns four French Châteaus located in the Bourbonnais, which he is trying to restore with the help of local populations including Château de Fourchaud, Château du Vieux-Bost, Château du Nouveau-Bostz, and Château de Rochefort.
Archaeologists of Malcoiffée, Sébastien Talour, and Elisabeth Chalmin-Sirop have worked to restore the historic buildings to their former glory for the sake of expanding French historical patrimony.
In addition, Prince Charles-Henri is a cultural ambassador for Chopard and has been linked to numerous celebrities including Katie Holmes and Kate Moss.
Savage Intruder is a 1970 American thriller film directed by Donald Wolfe and starring Miriam Hopkins, David Garfield and Gale Sondergaard.
Eileen Moreno Estrada (born 5 December 1984) is a Colombian television actress best known in her native country for her roles in Colombian telenovelas.
The Bou Jeloud Mosque is a historic mosque in the former Kasbah of Bou Jeloud, located near Bab Bou Jeloud, in Fes, Morocco.
At the time, the fortifications of Fes had not yet been rebuilt since their destruction by Abd al-Mu'min, the Almohad ruler who conquered the city in 1145.
The site of the mosque was in an area that was likely the site of the former Almoravid citadel on the western outskirts of Fes, on a plateau above the rest of the city.
These westernmost districts were quite distant from the main Friday mosques at the center of the city (the al-Qarawiyyin and the Andalusian Mosque).
In the 19th century, under the Alaouite sultans, the minaret was repaired and further heightened, while the entrance doorways were remade in their current style.
In the rectangular floor plan of the original mosque there were three aisles and rows of arches to the west, east, and south of the courtyard, while on the north side was a single aisle forming a gallery.
The Wattasid-era expansion, however, added an irregular quadrilateral extension to the west, with an oblique outer wall, making the overall floor plan today asymmetrical.
The original entrance of the mosque was likely located on this same axis, on the opposite northern side of the mosque; however, the Marinid-era minaret appears to have been built on this location, blocking the original entrance, and other entrances were opened up instead to the west and east.
The arches of the mosque are horseshoe-shaped, but the arches at the corners of the courtyard are polylobed and have a more pointed overall profile, a feature of Almohad origin.
The entrance portals of the mosque today are decorated with stucco carvings and wooden canopies that date from the Alaouite era.
Cecilia Alemani is the junior director and chief curator of High Line Art and the artistic director of the 59th Venice Biennale in 2021.
She is currently a senior lecturer of statistics at University College Dublin, and the former president of the Irish Statistical Association.
Her research has included studies of the correlation between birth and death dates, and on correlations between student attendance at university lectures and the time of day of the lecture.
Kelly earned bachelor's and master's degrees at University College Cork, and completed a Ph.D. in statistics at Stanford University in 1981.
She became a lecturer at University College Cork after completing her doctorate, moved to the department of biostatistics at Columbia University in 1985, moved again to the University College & Middlesex School of Medicine in 1987, and took her present position as a senior lecturer at University College Dublin in 1990.
It opens in 2020, mainly for the purpose to relieve overcrowding at East Bay High School in Gibsonton and Earl J. Lennard High School in Ruskin, though it also takes students from Joe E. Newsome High School in Lithia, and from Durant High School in Plant City.
This is a part of the school's Academy 2027 program, to relieve overcrowding in middle schools in the area before a new one is built.
The 2019–20 BBL season is the 43rd season for the London Lions in the British Basketball League, and the 8th under the banner of London Lions.
The club won its first regular season title with a 99–80 victory over the Newcastle Eagles at the Eagles Community Arena on April, 26, 2019.
Following a strong 2018-19 season where the Lions finished 27-6, they had many players depart the club such as Kervin Bristol, Ladarius Tabb, Jordan Spencer and Dzaflo Larkai.
In the 2019-20 season the Lions quickly resigned two-time BBL MVP Justin Robinson, Andre Lockhart and Lions captain Joe Ikhinmwin with the return of American forward Brandon Peel.
The Lions made one of the biggest signings in the BBL history and signed Ovie Soko to start at the small-forward position, along with new signings of Spanish guard Jorge Romero, Jordan Whelan from Worcester Wolves, Americans Dii’Jon Allen-Jordan from Cheshire Phoenix and Jordan Jackson.
The Lions also, signed Jules Dang Akodo and Samuel Toluwase from the inaugural London City Royals team from the 2018–19 BBL season.
The newly-formatted BBL Cup will begin the 2019–20 season on Friday 20 September, with the group stages running until Sunday 24 November.
Each team will play each other twice (once home, once away) with the top 4 teams in each group progressing to the Quarter Finals.
Single-legged quarter finals and two-legged semi finals matches will determine the two finalists who will contest the Cup Final on Sunday 26 January at the Arena Birmingham.
The 12 BBL teams are joined in the first round draw by 4 invited teams; Solent Kestrels and Worthing Thunder from the English Basketball League, Dunfermline Reign from the Scottish Basketball Championship and Basketball Wales.
There is an open draw to form a bracket, mapping out each team's path to the final which will be held, for the 8th consecutive year, at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow.
Rudolf Anschober (born 21 November 1960) is an Austrian Green politician who is serving in the Second Kurz government as Minister of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection since January 2020.
The developer, Irgens Development Partners had to purchase a 20-story and a parking lot as the site for this high rise.
After graduation, he was assigned to Zhongshan Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League, becoming its deputy secretary in March 1984 and secretary in June 1985.
In February 2000 he was transferred to Zhuhai and appointed Deputy Communist Party Secretary and Secretary of the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection there.
In March 2016 he was transferred to Zhanjiang and appointed Communist Party Secretary and chairman of the Standing Committee of Zhanjiang Municipal People's Congress.
He became Party Branch Secretary of Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Commission in March 2017, and served until May 2018, when he was appointed deputy secretary-general of Guangdong.
Her father, a pharmacist, enjoyed English-speaking artists including Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan, The Beatles and David Bowie, and taught Verneuil how to play guitar.
Her Spanish mother, who died in 2018, listened to Gilbert Bécaud, Marie Laforêt, Barbara, Jean Ferrat, Serge Reggiani, Serge Gainsbourg, and Véronique Sanson.
They moved to Golfe-Juan when Verneuil was eleven and she was educated at Lycée du Mont Saint-Jean (1998-2002) in nearby Antibes.
After studying journalism at university, Verneuil spent time in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic before working in Paris as a publicist for a contemporary art gallery.
After moving to Paris at the age of 22, Verneuil chose a stage name inspired by the name of her mother, grandmother and great-grandmother (Louise) and the street where Gainsbourg once lived (Rue de Verneuil).
It was recorded at Television Center Studios in Hollywood, California on April 24, 1980, for broadcast as a special on HBO.
The master tapes, thought to be lost, were discovered through a chance encounter with a Warner Brothers engineer leading to their recovery.
Kenny Edwards of the Stone Poneys, Danny Kortchmar, Dan Dugmore, Bill Payne of Little Feat, Wendy Waldman, Bob Glaub, Peter Asher and Russ Kunkel.
A then fifteen-year-old Wendy Waldman describes meeting Linda Ronstadt for the first time and how she later toured with her and came to be on this album.
Roy Orbison’s South of the Border charmer unfurls slowly, lush electric piano, in-the-pocket percussion lachrymose pedal steel and filigreed guitar notes, underscore her yearning tone.
The 1988 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix.
Chan Hao-ching and Latisha Chan were the defending champions, but they lost in the first round to Kateryna Bondarenko and Sharon Fichman.
From 1975 - after marriage to (art historian from the publishing family Eugen Diederichs) and three children - she worked as a freelancer, first in Kassel (Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kasseler Musiktage), then in Wilhelmshaven (adult education centre, lectures, seminar leadership).
She started creative cooperations with composers' associations and also with musicology, opened the journal on current art music as well as on cultural-political questions with a forum of contemporary music discussions and accentuated (personally) special issues on music-aesthetic, pedagogical or gender-oriented topics.
The performance of the family business is based on the consulting activities of and Hartmut Krones as consultants, in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Austrian Academy of Sciences and other institutions was extensively documented for the 50th year in 1995 at a ceremony at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, exhibitions at the European Forum Alpbach and at the Austrian National Library.
The two are currently based out of Compton, California, however both members have roots tied towards Vancouver, BC where they originally met.
The two have become a notable act in the revival of G-Funk music at a time when rap was heavily surrounded by Trap music.
As of 2020, they have been primarily releasing projects through the GDF Records imprint, founded by manager G-Weeder and distributed through Empire Distribution worldwide.
As well, they have released the free album, Aktive under Fool's Gold Records after performing at the 2015 Fool's Gold Day Off event in Los Angeles.
The name LNDN DRGS came about, after Sean House and Jay Worthy had a session while listening to funk music and drinking lean containing cough syrup from London Drugs.
The late Yams, collaborated with them on their 2014 breakthrough single entitled 'Uza Trikk' which featured him in the intro, as well as fellow Los Angeles-based rappers, G Perico and Earl Swavey.
His 2011 release 'The Lifestyle' featured support from Beem Bizness, Tre Nyce and Status with whom he met as a member of the Blockstars Movement based out of South Central, L.A.
In 2016, Jay made a cameo appearance in the Noisey documentary, 'NOISEY Bompton': Growing Up With Kendrick Lamar', released through Vice.
In 2018, Jay Worthy toured across America alongside many artists including Tyler The Creator, Schoolboy Q and Freddie Gibbs who had collaborated with LNDN DRGS on the Deluxe edition of 'Aktive'.
LNDN DRGS has released three collaborative projects with rappers Curren$y, Left Brain, King Most and producers A$AP P On The Boards and The Alchemist.
The project features guest appearances by Conway The Machine, Soopafly, Larry June, Aston Matthews, Krayzie Bone, Problem (rapper), Iamsu!, G Perico, Mac Mall and others.
The brothers of Tetsujirō and Tetsugorō, who lost their parents and home after the Great Kanto Earthquake, were picked up and grew up by a Yakuza Goi clan.
Christine Aschbacher (born July 10, 1983) is an Austrian People's Party politician who has served in the Second Kurz government as Minister of Labour, Family and Youth since January 2020.
Landscape architect Jens Jensen designed the estate's grounds, which include typical elements of Jensen's such as native plants and decorative rockwork.
The grounds also include one of the few surviving Jensen-designed meadows, a once-common feature of his work that was often lost to land divisions and development.
The Gilberts of Compton were a noted Anglo-Norman family of knightly class, having seats at both Compton Castle and Greenway Estate, Devon, England.
A popular story is that the Gilberts descended from Gilbert, Count of Brionne, through his sons Richard Fitz-Gilbert and Baldwin Fitz-Gilbert.
While the Fitz-Gilbert brothers were active in Devon, there is no evidence to suggest that their progeny became the Gilbert family.
This claim is especially dubious considering the name Fitz-Gilbert was not, at that time, a hereditary surname under the Norman naming system.
Though surnames at that epoch were rare in Europe, it is possible that the surname Gilbert existed at that time as evidenced by Guillaume I Gilbert, Bishop of Poitiers from 1117 to 1124.
Many have possessed lands here: in the Confessor's time Gilbert; after Sauls, Horton, Le Moyn, and others”, itself based on entries in the Domesday Book.
What is more demonstrable is that the male line leading to the Gilberts of Compton likely rose from obscurity with the marriage of a William Gilbert of Devon to Elizabeth Champernowne of Clist, a descendant of William the Conqueror, sometime in the first few decades of the 13th century.
Little is known of the family's activities during the Middle Ages aside from Sir Otho Gilbert of Compton serving as High Sheriff of Devon from 1475 to 1476.
Most famous among these were the half brothers Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh, both famous explorers of the New World and perhaps infamous military figures in Ireland due to their military exploits there.
Their lesser-known brother, Sir Adrian Gilbert of Compton, was nonetheless of the same cloth, having an especially savage military reputation in Ireland while also seeking a Northwest Passage to China under a patent from Queen Elizabeth I.
Another brother, Sir John Gilbert, was Sheriff of Devon, knighted by Elizabeth I in 1571, and was Vice Admiral of Devon – responsible for defense against the Spanish Armada.
He was killed by a group of Algonquians during a voyage the following year in search of the missing Roanoke Colony.
In 1607, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's son, Raleigh Gilbert, established a fortified storehouse he called Fort Saint George on the coast of Maine.
It is said that they were so resolute in this goal that they built a ship to facilitate the return voyage, which would probably have been the first oceangoing vessel built in America.
Later, brothers Jonathan and John Gilbert would have a hand in establishing Hartford, Connecticut, acting as emissaries between the Governor in Hartford and the local indigenous tribes.
John's young son, another John Gilbert, was famously captured by Narragansett, Wampanoag and Nashaway/Nipmuc tribes led by Monoco after their attack on Lancaster, Massachusetts.
In another unfortunate incident John's sister-in-law, Lydia Gilbert, was sentenced to death for witchcraft in Windsor, Connecticut, in 1654 during the infamous Connecticut Witch Trials.
According to one of the many purported versions of the now lost Battle Abby Roll, a T. Gilbard (Gilbert) fought alongside William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
His studies brought him into the social circles of contemporary scientists and occultists such as John Dee and Mary, Countess of Pembroke (having even served as her laboratory assistant for a time).
The season consisted of 7 rounds, starting at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo on May 20 and ending at the Mugello Circuit on October 28.
Mastiles Lane, near Malham and Kilnsey in North Yorkshire, was a Roman marching road and later an important route for the Cistercian monks leading sheep from Fountains Abbey to summer pasture on higher ground.
After the dissolution of the monasteries it has been suggested that Mastiles Lane became a droving route for cattle being brought south from Scotland.
Hazel Chu is an Irish politician who sits on Dublin City Council and is a member of the Green Party, of which she is it's Cathaoirleach (Chairperson).
She was the first Irish born Chinese person to be called to the Irish bar, although ultimately she never practised as a barrister.
Chu stood as a Green Party candidate in the Pembroke Ward of Dublin for the Dublin City Council in the 2019 Irish local elections.
She topped the local poll, receiving 32.3% of the first preference vote, which was considered an overwhelming amount for a first time candidate.
Subsequent to her council victory and the media attention around it, Chu became a target of racist online harassment, particularly on twitter.
Justin Barrett, leader of the far-right fringe group the National Party, indicated that if he ever got into power, he would strip Chu of her citizenship.
Mack builds most of their components (engines, transmissions, and axles) but the TerraPro can also use vendor components including transmissions and rear suspensions.
The Cummins Westport L9N is a natural gas engine able to be set up to use either a CNG or LPG.
Mack powered axles have the drive carrier on top of the housing instead of the front of it like other manufacturers.
At a higher level above the ground the driveshafts and u-joints are less prone to dirt and damage, important in on/off road construction.
The container is then lifted up and over the cab to be dumped into a hopper on the top of the body.
An arm picks up the bin, raises it up along the side, then dumps it in a hopper on the top of the body.
Concrete pumps have a multi-stage folding boom pivoted near the center of the truck and a hopper at the rear to load the pump.
Leonore Gewessler (born 15 September 1977) is an Austrian Green politician who has served in the Second Kurz government as Minister of Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology since January 2020.
The Fisher-Zugelder House and Smith Cottage, at 601 N. Wisconsin St. in Gunnison, Colorado, are two houses listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The two houses, built during 1880-81, were the first stone houses in Gunnison, at the cusp of the town's development out of the camp phase, in the typical Colorado mining town development phases (exploration, settlement, camp, and town).
The camp phase was short, from c.1879 into 1881, as tents and temporary structures were replaced by frame structures, supported by sawmill operations.
This is in what was described as at the time (1 GHz - 3 GHz), but is now termed the and frequency bands.
Changing the control voltage, without requiring any mechanical adjustment, could produce a high-power jamming signal which could be adjusted rapidly to jam any radar frequency.
Later on, as the aircraft switched to operating at extremely low level, this gave a ground coverage patch barely larger than the aircraft's shadow.
Equipment was mounted in a series of sealed cylindrical drums, each weighing around 200 lbs, the limit of what could be manhandled for servicing.
A water-glycol cooling system, the Vapour Cycle Cooling Pack (VCCP), was used to cool the equipment, with a large external cooling air intake.
From 1958 to 1963 operated as a dedicated ECM squadron, having been formed from the -equipped C flight of , which had developed the role post-war.
The initial intention for these aircraft was that they would be used for training UK air defences, simulating a Soviet ECM-using threat.
Any idea of a war role for them, as an ECM escort for an attack force of Valiant bombers, developed later.
The Carpet 4 (ARI 18030, AN/APT-5) spot jammer, had been trialled in Lincolns and also the 18 Squadron Valiants, but it was unreliable and ineffective, so never used.
The Valiant and first Vulcans had a 112 V DC electrical system, although the trials aircraft had a more powerful 240 V AC system.
The DC system was not powerful enough to supply active ECM, such as Red Shrimp, and so those aircraft were limited to the radar warning receivers and chaff dispensers.
Nick Prager, a Czech-born sergeant with the BCDU in the ECM servicing section of the base, together with his wife Jana, supplied photographs of the ECM manual set to the .
As it became clear that the new low-level penetration role would involve bombers travelling singly, each bomber would need its own ECM fit.
The squadron retained a development and training role for some time, but this could be performed by simpler aircraft, such as s, than the Valiants and so 18 Squadron was disbanded in 1963.
The original had a fairly simple ECM fit, with little more than chaff dispensers and the tail warning receiver from the Canberra and Valiant.
Additional equipment could be carried along the side walls of the bomb bay, in a series of up to nine containers.
These included the Green Palm VHF voice communications jammer, Indigo Bracket, an early carcinotron-based jammer, and Red Carpet X-band radar jammer.
The engines at this time had insufficient electrical generating capacity for such an ECM fit and so an internal ram air turbine was fitted, as for the trial Valiant WP214.
This Turbo Alternator TGA 30 Mk 1 was mounted internally and driven by an air inlet near the port engine air intake.
The end of this was now a hemispherical radome for the Red Steer tail-warning receiver, rather than the pointed cone of the B.1.
The nine sealed and pressurised drums of the ECM equipment were arranged in two rows within this tail, with access through hatches in the bottom.
ECM was a planned part of the new B.2 aircraft with their extended Phase 2C wing, and although there was great urgency to the delivery of the new B.2 aircraft and the first would arrive before the first B.1A, the simpler conversion would permit thirty ECM-equipped aircraft to enter service more quickly than a similar number of B.2s.
After the Nassau Agreement at the end of 1962, Britain's primary nuclear deterrent was to switch to the Royal Navy and the submarine-launched .
A combination of this change of role, and the increasing effectiveness of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles at high altitude, led to the V-bomber force being re-tasked from a high-level attack to a profile with a low-level approach.
At low level, they were masked by the same terrain which the aircraft was using to shield itself and so the area over which they could radiate became inconsequentially small.
The anticipated Argentinian threat of , AA cannon and were expected to be capable of defeating it, at least at close range.
From the twenty four B.1A conversions, the Victor had the same EW fit as the Vulcan, with Red Steer, Blue Saga, Green Palm, Blue Diver, Red Shrimp and chaff dispensers.
Design studies during the early development of TSR2 recommended the provision of an X-band carcinotron, such as Red Shrimp, in the aircraft, or at least the provision of space for one.
Naval / Air Staff Target 830 for future jamming provision was still under consideration at the time the TSR2 project was cancelled.
Controls for Red Shrimp, the control unit Type 9422, were simple and amounted to little more than switches to turn it on and off, to switch the two automatic operating modes, and to monitor its performance, current draw and temperature.
It was controlled by a small panel on the AEO's lower desk, at the right of the rear cockpit (facing the rear).
On the eastern bank of the River Tame, it is currently represented by 3 Labour Party councillors, who sit on the Metropolitan Borough Council.
It is located on a small plain, the Apiti Flats, close to the valley and gorge of the Oroua River, and close to the foot of the Ruahine Range.
Although its industry has historically always been pastoral farming, it is now also known by tourists and trampers as a gateway to the Ruahine Range.
Jordan Zion Wilford Norville-Williams (born 26 January 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a full back for Cambridge United.
In 2016, Norville-Williams joined Cambridge United from Arsenal after his release from the latter at under-16 level, signing his first professional contract with Cambridge in May 2018.
During the 2017–18 season, Norville-Williams had one game loan spells with both Cambridge City and Harlow Town, as well as joining St Neots Town for a seven game spell, where he scored twice for the club.
Norville-WIlliams began the 2018–19 season on loan at Royston Town, making 11 league appearances, before returning to St Neots again until April 2019.
On 12 November 2019, Norville-Williams made his debut for Cambridge United in a 2–1 EFL Trophy defeat against rivals Peterborough United.
He was ordained in the Diocese of Minnesota in 1942, having attended Seabury-Western Theological Seminary; after serving in several parishes in the diocese and in the Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire, he was called as rector of Christ Church, Joliet, Illinois, where he was serving when elected as bishop of Western Michigan.
His tenure as bishop was marked by the construction of many new churches and facilities, including the Cathedral Church of Christ the King in Portage, Michigan.
Towards the end of his life he and his wife lived in Menlo Park, California, where he died January 5, 2004 of Alzheimer's disease.
Holly Pearson debuted for the New Zealand U–21 team in 2018 during a test series against Australia in Hastings, New Zealand.
She followed this up with an appearance during a Tri-Nations Tournament in Canberra, Australia in 2019, competing against Australia and India.
Following the Pro League, Pearson appeared at the Oceania Cup in Rockhampton, where the Black Sticks won gold and gained qualification to the 2020 Summer Olympics.
The Tigers will play their home games at Jordan–Hare Stadium in Auburn, Alabama, and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Prior to working in ministry he worked for the South Australian Government in water management, then moved to Canberra to study at St Mark's National Theological Centre.
He was ordained in 1994 and until his ordination to the episcopate worked in the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn in parishes in Gundagai, Kooringal and Curtin.
He was consecrated and enthroned as bishop on 3 September 2014 in St Paul's Cathedral, Rockhampton , the first Bishop of Rockhampton to be consecrated in the city's cathedral.
The cathedral's roof was significantly damaged in Cyclone Marcia in February 2015 and closed for some time, but the cathedral was forced to close again after one wall suffered subsidence in 2017 while groundworks were being carried out.
It is located north of Mechanicsburg at the intersection of Ohio State Route 161, Ohio State Route 559, and Bullard-Rutan Road (Township Road 205), at .
The headliners were Irish rock band U2, Canadian singer The Weeknd, American rapper Chance the Rapper, and American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.
However, because those game were against professional hockey clubs, the losses did not harm the Elis as far as the Intercollegiate season went.
When they did play their fellow colleges, starting in mid-January, Yale's recent embarrassment against the pros may have lit a fire under them because the Bulldogs torched their next three opponents.
After defeating defending champion Princeton, Yale lost its fourth contest to a pro squad before gearing up for their final game of the year.
The Elis met Harvard at the St. Nicholas Rink on February 15 and, with both teams entering undefeated against college opponents, the winner would claim the Intercollegiate championship.
Yale had failed to overcome the Crimson every season since 1902 but with two goals from John Heron, the Bulldogs were finally able to slay the Crimson dragon and win their fifth intercollegiate title.
In 2005, she was the joint recipient of the University of Otago College of Education Writer in Residence with Margaret Beames.
Carss Bush Park is a nature reserve and urban park located at 74 Carwar Avenue, in the Sydney suburb of Carss Park, Georges River Council, New South Wales, Australia.
This land speculation was to continue for another two years with sales in June 1854 to John Chappellow, for A£538 and in September 1855 to Lewis Gordon possibly in default of a mortgage.
Located within the park in the heritage-listed Carss Cottage, believed to have been built by December 1865, when Carss changed his address to the 'George's River, Kogarah'.
The house is reputed to have been constructed by the Scottish masons who had been employed in the construction of Edmund Blacket's University of Sydney buildings.
The stone was reported to be quarried on site from a huge rock in the vicinity of the present-day Norfolk Island pine tree.
On Mary Carss' death in 1916 the cottage was bequeathed to the Sydney Sailors' Home apparently in accordance with her father's wish.
The portion that wasreserved for park purposes was opened and dedicated on Australia Day 1924 and the remaining 374 suburban lots were offered for sale that day.
In September 2019 the George River Council announced news on the progress of a contraction of an environmentally friendly seawall, made of sandstone, that will operate as an intertidal rock platform, and a piered boardwalk and small boat ramp in the park.
Cheakamus Mountain is a glacier-clad peak located in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in Garibaldi Provincial Park of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
The Diavolo Glacier spreads out below the north aspect of the peak, and precipitation runoff from the peak with meltwater from the glacier drains into tributaries of the Cheakamus River.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Cheakamus Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Nanwang water division system ( or ) is a historical system for management of the water in the Grand Canal in the Shandong province in China.
Emperor Yongle (r. 1402–1424) moved the Ming dynasty capital from Nanjing to Beijing which increased the need for traffic along the Grand Canal.
The passage through Shandong Peninsula (Huitong Canal) was only to be crossed with great difficulties because the water level was often not high enough and sluices were necessary and passage through sluices.
When the system was completed it could adjust the water flow of the canal so the needed transports could be controlled.
In the middle go the 15th century additional sluices was built north and south of Nanwang and levees was erected around the reservoirs.
Today the Nanwang water division system is an archaeological site and the excavations began in 2008 when 4,000 square meters were excavated.
The area around Nanwang was the highest point for the historical Grand Canal, and with beginning 1411 the Nanwang water division system was created to control the water flow.
The Johnson Stage Station, between Gunnison, Colorado and Lake City, Colorado, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
It is the site of a stage station built in 1878 and is located at the junction of routes to south to the mining town of Lake City, north to Sapinero, and northeast to Gunnison.
Places of authentication were cathedral chapters and monasteries authorized to provide notarial services, including the issuing of authentic copies of documents.
In 1921 he was appointed a researcher at the University Museum of Bergen, and he was later a research professor at the same institution.
SwissGear is a Swiss clothing, luggage and accessory company that is branded as part of the maker of Swiss Army knives.
Lai Pin-yu (; born 2 March 1992) is a Taiwanese politician of the Democratic Progressive Party who was elected to the Legislative Yuan in 2020.
She is the daughter of the Democratic Progressive Party politician Lai Chin-lin and his wife Wu Ju-ping (吳如萍), a media worker.
After the appearance of the and the in 2012 caused by the death of Hung Chung-chiu, Lai began to participate in many social movements in person.
During Chen Deming's 26 November 2013 visit with Chairman of Straits Exchange Foundation Lin Join-sane, more than 20 students from the Black Island Youth Front, dissatisfied with Chen's pressure on the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement, planned to hold a placard to protest near the foundation headquarters.
They immediately clashed with the police there; Lai was surrounded alongside two other female students by ten female police officers, and was dragged by the police all the way to the headquarters before letting go.
In an interview on the same day, she said that the effects of relative cheapness of Chinese labor and the easing of environmental laws will cause Taiwan's industry to stagnate the salary level of Taiwan's labor in comparison with mainland China.
Since Lai Pin-yu is an anime fan herself and also likes selfies and cosplay, she received a lot of followers on Facebook.
In January 2014, during the , she pointed out that in the new draft syllabus proposed by the Ministry of Education, only the 1943 Cairo Declaration is mentioned in the process of determining the status of international law, but it downplays the content of the Treaty of San Francisco and the Taiwan Relations Act enacted by the 96th United States Congress.
Lai entered politics in September 2019 when she became a Democratic Progressive Party candidate for the Legislative Yuan in the 2020 Taiwanese legislative election.
On 11 January 2020, Lai won the election to become the member of Legislative Yuan representing New Taipei City Constituency XII.
43 of them (43/0.74 round 0%) are full-size courses with 18 holes or more, and 30 of them (30/0.74 round 0%) are smaller courses that feature at least 9 holes.
Garrisoned at 132nd Brigade barracks in Našice in eastern Croatia, the battalion comprises three mechanized infantry companies, a command company, a logistics company and a fire support company.
In the past, members of the 1st Mechanized Battalion have deployed members in support of the NATO ISAF mission in Afghanistan, as part of the Croatian Contingent (HRVCON), and to the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) mission in the Golan Heights.
The 2020 Oracle Challenger Series – Newport Beach is an upcoming professional tennis tournament to be played on outdoor hard courts.
It will be the third edition of the tournament, which is part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2020 WTA 125K series.
It will take place from January 27 – February 2, 2020 at the Newport Beach Tennis Club in Newport Beach, United States.
A leadership election for KDU-ČSL was held on 25 January 2020 following the resignation of the incumbent leader of the party Marek Výborný.
He stated that if he wins then he would resign as an MEP and would lead the party for next Czech legislative election.
Bartošek stated that his first step as a leader would be to meet regional leaders of the party to prepare strategy for regional election.
Lidové noviny reported on 24 January 2020 that Jurečka and Bartošek are expected to advance to run off with Jurečka being front runner.
Bartošek stated during hs nomination speech thatparty should better sell its values and not go in government with criminlly prosecuted politician.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the other is at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The parish contains the village of Gayton and the surrounding countryside, and the listed buildings consist of a church and a farmhouse.
The Pallavaram Corporation was a planned corporation to be built by the government of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu to expand the Chennai city limit.
Etta Doane Marden (April 20, 1851 – March 23, 1946) was an American Christian missionary in Turkey from 1881 to 1925.
Doane was commissioned by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in 1881, in Boston, to be Congregationalist teacher in Turkey.
She remained there from 1881 to 1825, serving first in Marash (Maraş), and later at a school in the Gedik Pasha (Gedikpaşa) quarter in Constantinople.
The Gedik Pasha station offered meetings and vocational training for women, in addition to Bible lessons for men and women, a coffeehouse, public lectures, and a school for children and youths.
She left Constantinople to spend a health leave in Switzerland in the summer of 1917, and was giving lectures in the United States the following spring.
Boutilier v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 387 U.S. 118 (1967), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld Clive Michael Boutilier's deportation from the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 due to his history of homosexual activities.
The decision was abrogated by the Immigration Act of 1990, which rejected sexual orientation as a basis for excluding an individual from immigration.
In 1955, at the age of 21, Clive Boutilier immigrated from his native Canada to the United States with his family.
In 1963, he attempted to apply for American citizenship, and in his application, he revealed to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) that he had been arrested on a sodomy charge in New York City in 1959.
In a subsequent meeting with an INS investigator, Boutilier revealed additional details about his sexual history, which included consensual same-sex activities both before and after he entered the United States.
After receiving this certificate, the INS initiated deportation proceedings against Clive Boutilier based on the exclusion criteria laid out in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.
Boutilier declined an opportunity to submit to a personal examination by PHS doctors, but he had instead offered letters from two different psychiatrists that both concluded that he was not a psychopathic personality as was understood by medical professionals.
The first psychiatrist that he consulted, Dr. Edward Falsey, concluded that Boutilier had a psychosexual problem for which he was now beginning treatment, but that he showed no signs of psychosis and, in his professional opinion, there was no risk that Boutilier would develop psychosis in the future.
On August 5, 1965, the INS concluded their investigation into Boutilier and ordered that he be deported from the United States and returned to Canada.
On January 12, 1966, his appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals was dismissed after they concluded that his deportation order was valid.
On June 2, 1966, Clive Boutilier's case was argued before the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit before judges Leonard P. Moore, John Joseph Smith, and Irving Kaufman.
In this opinion, Kaufman discussed the legislative history of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 to support the government's claim that Congress had intended to consider homosexuals as excludable.
In his opinion, Kaufman rejected the idea that the void-for-vagueness doctrine applied as the exclusion criteria was not meant to regulate conduct by prospective immigrants, but rather, it was meant to exclude immigrants with certain characteristics.
Therefore, it did not matter whether or not it was reasonable for Boutilier to understand that homosexual activities were grounds for denial of entry into the United States.
From here, he started a discussion about the prevalence of homosexual behavior in society, citing the Kinsey Report assessment that 37% of Americans have had at least one homosexual experience, indicating that homosexual behavior alone would be too broad a criterion for exclusion.
He contended that it was applicable to this case because, based on the examinations performed by the two private psychiatrists, it is reasonable to believe that Boutilier could have changed his behavior prior to immigration were he aware that homosexual behavior could be used to exclude him from immigration to the United States.
Philipp Offenthaler (born 03 March 1997) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
Offenthaler began his career at TSV Grein in Austria, joining AKA St. Pölten from 2011 to 2012, before returning to Grein.
At the start of the 2014/15 he moved to SCU Ardagger, debuting in April 2015; while at SCU Ardagger he was nominated and theb named the 2016 Austrian amateur player of the year.
For 2016/17 he went to SV Wacker Burghausen who play in the Regionalliga Bayern in Germany; he made his debut playing against TSV 1860 Munich II.
In the 2018–19 season he went to SKU Amstetten which an interview stated from the coach being that he was fifteen kilometres outside of the club.
During that first season, he played seven times for the club at league, with his first start on August 5, 2018, against FC Wacker Innsbruck.
Headed by the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed, the committee was formed in March 2019 after 'the National Defence Policy-2018' was approved by the Cabinet of Bangladesh.
West of the Rockies is a 1929 American western silent film directed by Horace B. Carpenter, starring Art Mix, Horace B. Carpenter, and George Edward Brown.
After receiving her HAVO diploma in 1986 Jacobs enrolled at the University of the Virgin Islands where she obtained a bachelor's degree in Education.
Between 1992 and 2011, Jacobs worked at the Leonald Conner primary school in Philipsburg, first as a teacher and later as a student coordinator .
After the fall of the Second Marlin-Romeo cabinet, a coalition agreement was reached between the National Alliance, the United St. Maarten Party and independent MPs Luc Mercelina and Chanel Brownbill.
Jacobs was appointed by Governor Eugene Holiday on 30 September 2019 to form an interim cabinet that should, among other things, give priority to the completion of anti-money laundering legislation and the preparation of state elections and electoral reforms.
The cabinet was formed following the collapse of the Second Marlin-Romeo cabinet in September 2019, when Franklin Meyers, faction leader of the United Democrats, left his party to become an independent member of parliament.
The Houston Astros sign stealing scandal is a controversy in Major League Baseball (MLB) stemming from members of the Houston Astros organization illicitly stealing signs of opposing teams using technology during the 2017 and 2018 seasons.
MLB opened an investigation into the allegations and in January 2020 confirmed that the Astros illegally used a camera system to steal signs during the 2017 regular season and postseason, during which they won the World Series, as well as in part of the 2018 season.
MLB found no evidence of illicit sign stealing in the 2019 season, in which the Astros advanced to and lost in the World Series.
As a result, the Astros were fined $5 million and forfeited their first- and second-round picks in the 2020 and 2021 drafts.
General manager Jeff Luhnow and field manager A. J. Hinch were suspended for the entire 2020 season for failing to prevent the rules violations.
MLB's investigation also determined that Boston Red Sox manager Alex Cora helped mastermind the Astros' sign stealing while serving as Hinch's bench coach in 2017.
Carlos Beltrán, who had been hired to manage the New York Mets in November 2019 and was the only player from 2017 who was specifically named in the report, also mutually parted ways with the Mets in the same week.
The sanctions were the most severe that MLB has ever issued against a member club and are among the most severe sanctions for in-game misconduct in baseball history.
While MLB does not specifically ban electronic equipment, it issued a memorandum in 2001 stating that teams cannot use electronic equipment to communicate with each other during games, especially for the purpose of stealing signs.
In 2014, as part of the expansion of replay review in MLB, all 30 teams were permitted to install video replay rooms in their stadiums with live camera feeds, and the dugout was permitted to communicate with staffers in the room.
As MLB realized that teams were potentially using the video replay room for other purposes, including sign stealing, MLB placed league officials in the replay rooms for the first time beginning in the 2018 playoffs.
Prior to the 2019 season, MLB reached an agreement with the MLB Players Association to institute new rules restricting the use of live camera feeds by placing a league official in all 30 replay rooms, and allowing only replay officials to watch in real time while others could only watch with an eight-second delay.
After defeating the New York Yankees in the 2017 AL Championship Series, they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series.
The Cleveland Indians caught an Astros employee taking pictures of their dugout during the 2018 AL Division Series and warned the Red Sox, who faced the Astros in the AL Championship Series.
The New York Yankees asked MLB to investigate whistling sounds that they believed were meant to relay signs to batters in Game 1 of the 2019 AL Championship Series, but MLB said they found no wrongdoing.
The Yankees also reportedly alleged that the Astros were using blinking lights beyond the center-field fences to relay stolen signs in Game 6 of the series.
The Nationals developed a complex system of mixing signs to thwart any attempts to steal signs by the Astros in the 2019 World Series.
The Astros were not the only team to be suspected of sign stealing; paranoia about electronic sign stealing was high around the league.
Mike Fiers, a pitcher who played for the Astros in 2017, stated that a center-field camera feed was sent to the tunnel behind the Astros dugout in Minute Maid Park.
An Astros player or staff member then hit a trash can to signal specific different pitches to the batter at home plate.
During a game against the Chicago White Sox, banging could clearly be heard whenever White Sox catcher Kevan Smith called for pitcher Danny Farquhar to throw a changeup.
There was also speculation that the Astros had developed more advanced ways to relay stolen signs to hitters, including buzzing bandages affixed to a player's body.
Hinch appeared at a press conference during the annual Winter Meetings and said he was cooperating with MLB but declined to comment further.
During the investigation, it was publicly reported that witnesses admitted that the Astros used a system to relay pitch types to batters.
On January 13, 2020, Manfred announced the results of the investigation, confirming that the Astros had illegally used a video camera system to steal signs in the 2017 regular season and postseason, and in parts of the 2018 regular season.
The report detailed that two months into the 2017 season, Alex Cora, Carlos Beltrán, and an group of unnamed players worked to create a system to steal signs.
The players initially experimented with clapping, whistling, and yelling, but determined banging a trash can with a bat was most effective.
In addition to the banging method, Astros employees in the video room would also decode signs and send information to the dugout to be relayed to runners on second base who would relay signs to the batter.
The Astros did not use the banging method in 2018, but continued to use other methods until players decided it was no longer effective and stopped at some point in the 2018 season.
The Astros were fined $5 million, the maximum allowed by the MLB constitution, and forced to forfeit their first- and second-round draft picks in 2020 and 2021.
Manfred found that while Luhnow didn't know about the players' role in the scheme, he should have made it his business to know about the players' activities, especially in light of earlier sign-stealing scandals.
The investigation found that Hinch did not approve of the use of the replay monitor in this manner, and even destroyed it on two occasions.
The only longer suspension was for St. Louis Browns manager Jack O'Connor, who was banned for life for trying to throw the 1910 American League batting title to Nap Lajoie by bribing the official scorer to change a hit on error to a hit in the final game of the season.
A day later, on January 14, 2020, the Boston Red Sox and manager Alex Cora – who was the Astros' bench coach during the 2017 season – mutually agreed to part ways as a result of his involvement in the scandal.
The investigation found that Cora was closely involved in implementing the scheme, as well as using the replay room to decode signs.
Based on those findings, both Cora and Red Sox officials concluded that Cora could not effectively lead the team into 2020 and beyond.
Although Manfred deferred a decision on discipline for Cora until after a separate investigation into video sign stealing during the Red Sox's 2018 championship run, it was widely expected that he would receive a lengthy suspension, at least as long as the one-year suspension meted out to Hinch.
On January 16, 2020, the New York Mets and manager Carlos Beltrán – who was an Astros player during the 2017 season – mutually agreed to part ways after Beltrán was the only then-player called out by name for his involvement in the scheme.
Four pitchers agreed to be quoted anonymously; three put the blame for their fates on their own performance and a fourth saw the allegations as an explanation for why Astros players seemed to be more comfortable at the plate at home.
Reaction from current and former players around the league to the MLB report was mixed, with some players expressing disdain towards the Astros and others expressing ambivalence.
After being criticized herself for going after Fiers, Mendoza backtracked and said that she wished Fiers had made his allegations privately with MLB.
Alex Bregman and Jose Altuve appeared before the media at the Astros annual fan festival in Houston the week the report was released.
ESPN conducted a survey of 1,010 adults, including 810 MLB fans, asking about the scandal on January 16 and 17, 2020.
Fifty-eight percent of adults said Astros players should have been penalized, and 72 percent of adults said they would support additional steps by MLB to punish players involved in sign stealing.
Forty-nine percent of adults said the steroid scandal was more serious than the sign stealing scandal, but 44 percent said the sign stealing scandal was worse than Pete Rose gambling on his own team.
Seventy-four percent of adults and 76 percent of MLB fans said they believed most teams were using technology to steal signs, but only the Astros and Red Sox were caught.
Fifty-four percent of adults said their views of MLB were unchanged by the scandal and 60 percent of adults said the scandals made no difference in their likelihood to watch MLB games.
The Los Angeles City Council passed a resolution in January 2020 calling on MLB to strip the Astros of the 2017 World Series title and award it to the Dodgers.
US Representative Bobby Rush from Illinois released a letter calling on the chairman of the US House Committee on Oversight and Reform to open a congressional investigation into the scandal along with MLB's response.
An Astros fan named Tony Adams reported that he watched 58 Astros home games from the 2017 season and documenting banging noises.
He found and published evidence of the trash can banging on 1,143 of 8,274 pitches thrown to Astros hitters, hearing the most banging noises during at-bats of Marwin Gonzalez, George Springer, Carlos Beltran, and Alex Bregman and the fewest banging noises during Jose Altuve's at-bats.
The release of the report sparked a new frenzy of speculation and rumors on the internet the week the report was released.
A Twitter account of a person claiming to be Beltran's niece made accusations about non-Astros players around the league; Beltran's family said the account was fake and some speculated that it actually belonged to a player.
Rumors also circulated that Astros players were wearing buzzing electronic devices during the 2019 playoffs that would relay a stolen sign through vibrations.
The project was aimed to create a sports, road-going car that could be sold in significant numbers to a wealthy customers in an image of Porsche 550 Spyder.
Because Fantuzzi usually realised designs of others, the 150 GT Spyder's lightweight aluminium bodywork was mainly inspired by the work of Pietro Frua, with elements also found on Zagato-bodied Maseratis.
The car featured a convertible soft-top with roll-up side windows and was RHD just like the race car it was based on.
The planned production would be too complex and expensive to bring any profit to the company that already decided to move towards the 3500 GT project.
In 1993, the 150 GT along with an O.S.C.A were traded to a German collector in exchange for his Aston Martin DB4 GT.
After 2006, the car was extensively restored over a three-year period and was later sold by Gooding & Company for US$3 million in 2013.
After an extensive research by the marque historian Adolfo Orsi, it was determined that the chassis originally belonged to the 1954 Maserati A6GCS and was numbered 2043.
Later, after a couple stages of development, the chassis was used for a prototype Maserati 300S, now restamped as 003, that also spawned an improved version of their developed 150S and 200S tubular frame.
It was later reused again to create a sports car prototype, the 150 GT, this time as a serial number 03.
The final iteration of the chassis had to be revised to accept the 150S racing engine, a gearbox casing from A6G/2000 road car and 200S prop shaft.
The front independent suspension with coil springs and Houdaille hydraulic shock absorbers remained mostly unmodified from their original A6GCS race car specification.
She then moved on to become a lecturer in the Department of Education in Cork and finished as a Professor of English in University College Cork.
Philipp Gallhuber (born 27 June 1995) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
It can grow outside in a humid tropical climate, but needs light shade in the afternoon and must be protected from high winds.
Prior to founding his company in 2016, Onyeka Akumah is credited to have been involved in the success of various tech and e-commerce companies in Africa where he held top positions and played major roles in contribution to their growth.
Onyeka was born in Lagos State, and just before he was 2 years old, his parents relocated to Sokoto State, North-west Nigeria where he then did his Primary and Secondary School education.
Onyeka earned his Bachelor's degree at the Sikkim Manipal University India where he graduated with a Grade A or First Class Honours in Applied Information Technology.
Onyeka ventured into entrepreneurship at a very young age, building startups even while he was still in the University recording successes and failures as he grew.
After obtaining his first degree, Onyeka started his work experience with British Council as a Webmaster before going on to join Deloitte as the E-Marketing Coordinator for East, West and Central Africa.
In 2010, he was the Online Marketing manager for Wakanow, then later had a stint with GTB to launch the SME Market Hub Onyeka is an e-commerce expert whose experience span top e-commerce companies such as Rocket Internet owned Jumia, Konga and Travelbeta leading their marketing and commercial activities.
In November 2016, Onyeka, together with his Co-founders Ifeanyi Anazodo, Akindele Philips, Christopher Abiodun, and Temitope Omotolani founded Farmcrowdy Limited, an agricultural digital platform connecting small scale farmers to investors with the goal of boosting the food production in Nigeria.
Farmcrowdy, took off very fast, receiving its first angel investment of $60,000 a month after launch and in 2017, got a $1 million seed investment at the Techstars Atlanta Accelerators Programme.
Today, the company has grown to a team of 55 individuals who have worked with over 25,000 rural farmers across 16 states in Nigeria including Kano, Niger, Nasarrawa, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Edo, Akwa-Ibom, Lagos, Plateau, Kaduna, Adamawa, Niger, Kwara, Abuja, Sokoto, and Benue.
Farmcrowdy is described by the Vice President of Nigeria, Professor Yemi Osinbajo as the company creating the new wealth in Agriculture and was later honoured with the National Productivity Order of Merit by President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari.
Stephen Barnabus Kelleher (1875–1917) was an Irish mathematician who served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) from 1914 to 1917.
Kelleher was born 11 June 1875 at 25 King Street, in Cork City, to William Kelleher (an accountant) and Helena Walsh.
Moving to Dublin, he took another mathematics degree at TCD (BA 1902, large gold medal), where he has been a Scholar in 1900 and became a Fellow in 1904 (and MA 1905).
In 1910 he was appointed assistant to the Professor of Natural Philosophy there, and in 1914, he was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics.
Kelleher was on the Royal Commission to draw up a plan for the establishment of a university in Ireland that would be satisfactory to Catholics.
Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 31W (US 31W), US 60 and KY 841 in Louisville and its northern terminus is at KY 2054 in Louisville.
The Desagüe was the hydraulic engineering project to drain Mexico's the central lake system in order to protect the capital from persistent and destructive flooding.
Flooding continued to be a threat to the viceregal capital, so at the start of the seventeenth century, the crown ordered a solution to the problem that entailed the employment of massive numbers of indigenous laborers who were compelled to work on the drainage project.
Not until the late nineteenth century under Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911) was the project completed by British entrepreneur and engineer, Weetman Pearson, using machinery imported from Great Britain and other technology at a cost of 16 million pesos, a vast sum at the time.
The dike was in place when the Spanish conquered Tenochtitlan in 1521, but major flooding in 1555-56 prompted the construction of a second dike.
Post-conquest damage to the surrounding watershed by the cutting of trees and the silting of the lake likely exacerbated the existing tendencies toward flooding.
Flooding in 1604 and 1607 damaged buildings in the capital and crown officials took steps to devote capital and labor into solving the problem.
Since forced indigenous labor was a resource that the crown could draw on, thousands of indigenous men were put to work digging a tunnel to divert flood waters.
The Netherlands were part of the Spanish Hapsburg Empire, so it is not surprising that a Dutch expertise was brought to bear.
In the decade of the greatest crisis, the crown $1.5 million pesos on the Desagüe, with the labor of an untold number of indigenous workers, but certainly numbering in the tens of thousands.
It was inaugurated with great fanfare in 1900, touted as one of the great achievements of the modern era in Mexico.
With Mexico City's location at the low point of the basin of Mexico, drainage of rainwater, industrial waste from tanneries and abattoirs, and human sewage concentrated there.
Awareness that such pollution posed a risk and was a major impediment to Mexico's project of modernization, the daunting task was to find a solution.
Although flood waters had long been a physical threat to the capital, in the late nineteenth century, they were also now seen as a threat to urban sanitation and public health.
Work during the colonial era was by manpower wielding hand tools of shovels and pickaxes, and progress was limited due to the high water table that quickly filled the drainage ditch.
The project saw the construction of a deep and straight trench in the basin of Mexico and construction of a tunnel through the eastern mountains.
A massive dredge 40 meters long, made of timbers and booms, with a steam engine mounted on the deck was used.
The machinery had 40 buckets in a line to dredge sludge from the bottom of the cut, raised it to the surface, and then discharge it into train cars to be deposited elsewhere.
National Archives for Black Women's History (formerly the National Council of Negro Women's National Library, Archives, and Museum) is an archive located at 3300 Hubbard Rd, Landover, Maryland.
Originally housed at 1318 Vermont Avenue, Washington, D.C. in the carriage house of the former home of Mary McLeod Bethune, which is now a National Historic Site, the archive was controversially moved in 2014 by the National Park Service citing concerns over the inadequacy of the original site for preservation of its collection.
In August 1935, Mary Ritter Beard, one of the co-founders of the World Center for Women's Archives, wrote to Dorothy B. Porter, librarian and curator at Howard University to solicit her help in gathering archival materials on African American women for preservation.
Other black women Beard recruited to help with the project included Mary McLeod Bethune, who would found of the National Council of Negro Women on 5 December 1935; two prior presidents of the National Association of Colored Women, Elizabeth Carter Brooks and Mary Church Terrell; and Sue Bailey Thurman, an author, lecturer and historian.
Because the Washington, D. C. branch of the World Center for Women's Archives would not allow the black women to join, Beard worked directly with the black women's committee to collect and preserve their archives.
The first chair of the committee, Porter, also recruited Juanita Mitchell, the first black woman lawyer in Maryland to serve with the other women on the committee.
The first exhibit of collected materials was hosted in December 1939 in Washington, D. C. in conjunction with Beard and the World Center for Women's Archives.
Though she proposed that the committee collect archival material for an exhibit for the American Negro Exposition to be hosted the following year in Chicago, the Women's Archives dissolved in 1940, and the committee continued on its own.
Bethune proposed that they begin work to acquire a building that could serve as both the headquarters of the National Council of Negro Women and an archive of black women's history.
Thurman became chair in 1944, and in 1945 began a funding drive to raise money for collecting records and acquiring a property.
In 1946, the committee organized a National Archives Day, publicizing the event with churches, libraries and other organizations in Washington, D.C.
Throughout the 1950s, the committee continued to solicit archival materials and hosted an exhibit featuring historic dolls made by sculptor, Meta Warrick Fuller, and a quilt depicting Harriet Tubman.
In 1958, the committee solicited recipes from black women to publish a different kind of history—one that celebrated the collective works that characterized their community.
It retold stories of professional women throughout history aimed at countering the belief that all black women were maids and domestics.
In the 1960s through the mid-1970s, work on the archive waned as the emphasis shifted to the Civil Rights Movement, but 1976 as part of the United States Bicentennial celebrations, Senator John Warner, assisted in getting an appropriation from Congress to renovate the property where Bethune had last lived, located at 1318 Vermont Avenue, Washington, D.C.
The following year, Bettye Collier-Thomas, director of Temple University's Center for African American History and Culture, established the Bethune Museum in the property and began converting the carriage house into a facility to house the National Archives for Black Women's History.
In 1978, the push to reignite the archival effort resumed, and using fund from a grant received from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the archives opened to researchers in November 1979.
In 2014, the Park Service made a controversial decision to move the archive from the Bethune property citing concerns about the preservation of records at the facility.
A major portion of the archival records is the collection of corporate documents relating to the National Council of Negro Women, its various branches, the museum and the house.
There are also records and memorabilia of organizations like the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority (Xi Omega Chapter), Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Eta Phi Beta Sorority, and the Tau Gamma Delta Sorority (Xi Chapter), as well as other associations, like the National Alliance of Black Feminists.
Two collections, the Martha Settle Putney Women's Army Corps Collection and the Prudence Burns Burrell Army Nurses Corps Collection, focus on black women in the military.
Camp Branch rises on the divide between Camp Branch and Bowsaw Branch about 0.5 miles northwest of Cedar Hill in Anson County, North Carolina.
Camp Branch drains of area, receives about 47.8 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 418.40 and is about 48% forested.
Kyrie Jamal Wilson (born November 5, 1992) is a professional Canadian football linebacker for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
His efforts in the game included five tackles and a pass break-up on a two point conversion attempt that saw the Bombers win their first Grey Cup in 29 years and Wilson's first CFL championship.
They are led by ninth-year head coach Lon Kruger and play their home games at the Lloyd Noble Center in Norman, Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference.
The Sooners finished the 2018–19 season with an overall record of 20–14, 7–11 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for seventh place.
Bechdolt finished second in the freestyle women's individual event at the 1971 World Field Archery Championships and first the following year.
She competed in the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished 28th with a score of 2218 points.
A special election will be held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on February 4, 2020, to elect a new member for District 60A in the Minnesota House of Representatives, caused by the death of Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL) member Diane Loeffler.
Walz chose the date of the primary election to accommodate the large student population in the district, while still taking place before the February 11 reconvening of the 91st Minnesota Legislature.
Loeffler first represented the area when it was District 59A after winning election in 2004, succeeding fellow DFL member Len Biernat, who did not seek re-election.
The University Phantom of Bochum, shortened to the Uni-Phantom, is a German serial sex offender who is said to have committed up to 21 assaults, first in Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis and later moving to Bochum.
She was raped on January 7, 1994 at 1:10 PM, on her way home from in school in a wooded area.
All of the crime scenes were in the area of public transport stops, where the Phantom may have met his victims.
He chose young women as victims, as they usually have a different recreational behavior than older women, and also use public transport at night.
In the vicinity of the university, there were many student residences, and thus, many young women - this is considered the main reason for the Phantom relocating from Sprockhövel to Bochum.
The first series can be limited to the period of 1994 to 1997, with the last assault being committed on November 18, 1997.
The investiationg Messer Commission (shortened to EK Messer) included at times up to 20 officers, including a profiler from Scotland Yard.
Students and employees of the Ruhr University, as well as men from Sprockhövel and Bochum were asked for saliva samples, a strongly criticized move, especially by some students.
He made his international debut for Aruba against St. Lucia on 22 March 2019 in a 3-2 defeat against in the CONCACAF Nations League qualifying rounds, securing their spot to League B.
In 18 November 2019, Harms scored his first goal for Aruba and his first own goal against Antigua and Barbuda in a 2-3 defeat in the CONCACAF Nations League.
Esthefany Lizeth Espino Paredes (born 16 August 1999) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
Espino represented Peru at the 2016 South American U-17 Women's Championship and two South American U-20 Women's Championship editions (2015 and 2018).
William David Evans, Baron Energlyn (25 December 1912 – 27 June 1985) was a Welsh geologist who became a life peer.
In 1945, he joined the Regional Survey Board of Ministry of Fuel and Power for the South Wales Coalfield, then in 1947 he became a lecturer at the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire.
In 1949, he moved to the University of Nottingham, becoming dean of the faculty of pure science, and then professor of geology.
Evans discovered vitricin, an antibiotic which could be obtained from coal, and developed several new geological techniques, including pyrochromotography, photogrammetry, and membrane colorimetry.
The Church of St Michael and all Angels, Aylsham, Norfolk is a church of medieval origins that was built in the 14th century under the patronage of John of Gaunt, lord of the manor of Aylsham.
Historic England gives a construction date for the church of the 14th century, with further work in the fifteenth and a major Victorian restoration in 1852.
The landscape gardener Humphry Repton is buried in the churchyard and is commemorated with a memorial located outside of the chancel door.
Repton, born in the neighbouring county of Suffolk in 1752, had purchased a small county estate at Sustead, near Aylsham in 1778 and many of his earliest commissions were from local Norfolk landowners.
Reorganisation of the interior of the church in the later 20th century has enabled the holding of concerts, exhibitions and a produce market.
The 2019 CECAFA Women's Championship is the fourth edition of the association football tournament for women's national teams in the East African region.
The Turkish language magazine Yarim Ay (IA: Yarım Ay, English: Half Moon), a family and youth journal, was published between 1935 and 1940 - with some exceptions - on the 1st and the 15th of each month in Istanbul.
Among other topics, the magazine supported the women’s emancipation as well as changes in lifestyle of that time, such as the transformation of male and female clothing in modern Turkey in the 1930s into a simple, secular style of dress according to Kemalist ideology.
Central San Pedro is a controversial energy project that aims to build a hydroelectric power plant in San Pedro River, Los Ríos Region, Chile.
Thomas Chatterton Williams was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1981, to a black father, Clarence Williams, and a white mother, Kathleen.
23 of them made it to the Top 23 show where the judges take contestants one by one and tell them if they made the final 23.
The top 22 Show was divided into two nights and aired live on 4 and 5 November 2019 at 9:00 p.m.
The contestants performed songs of their choice (there was no particular theme) with thirteen contestants performed on the first night, and the other performed on the second night along with the result.
Ten contestants with most vote advanced automatically to the Spectacular Show, and then each judges would pick one contestant left to compete along the Top 10.
Ten contestants with the most votes advanced to the Spectacular Show along with two contestants chosen by judges as a wildcard contestants.
Its National Register nomination states:Architecturally, The Fresno Republican Printery Building (1919) is a sophisticated interpretation of the mezzo-mediterranean styles which evolved during California's regional and rather eclectic architectural revival era (1915-1930).
Glass and Butner's decidedly refined and personalized transcription of classically defined details, fused with less strict revival forms, produced an elegantly symmetrical commercial facade, which continues to grace the downtown community with its quiet dignity.
The rare survival of this building, with its original appearance and function almost entirely intact, has not come about by accident.
The historical owners, William Gamy and Elaine Gamy Barber, have repeatedly avoided selling this remarkable property to insensitive developers, whose interests have generally embraced demolition for expansion of commercial parking ventures.
Her parents and the security guard are not at home for the day so Swetha spends the day swimming in her swimming pool and talking to her boyfriend (Krish), a motorbike racer, on phone.
The night, a man with a mask (Shiv) rings at her doorbell and thinking that he is her boyfriend, she takes him to her bedroom.
The intruder tells her that he had listened to their phone conversation in a bar and had stolen her boyfriend's mobile phone.
In her bedroom, the intruder blackmails Swetha to share her intimate videos on the internet if she doesn't have sex with him.
Surya composed the music, the camera work was by S. Vivek Kumar while editing was by V. J. Sabu and Riyas.
But, when the director makes it for a two days schedule, gradually I lose fear and start enjoying the rape scene.
Skaters who reach the age of 13 before July 1, 2019, but have not turned 19 (singles and females of the other two disciplines) or 21 (male pair skaters and ice dancers) are eligible to compete at the junior level.
The ISU stipulates that the minimum scores must be achieved at an ISU-recognized junior international competition in the ongoing or preceding season, no later than 21 days before the first official practice day.
Based on the results of the 2019 World Junior Championships, each ISU member nation can field one to three entries per discipline.
Zelfa Barrett (born 9 July 1993) is a British professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth super-featherweight title since June 2019.
Barrett made his professional debut on 25 October 2014 at the Middleton Arena in the City of Lancaster, scoring a four round points decision victory over Kristian Laight.
After winning his first 18 fights, 11 by stoppage, he fought Chris Conwell for the vacant English super-featherweight title at the First Direct Arena, Leeds.
Barrett dropped Conwell twice in round four, with the end coming at 2:20 after Conwell was unable to beat the referee's count of 10 following a left hook to the body.
His next fight came against Ronnie Clark for the vacant IBF European super-featherweight title on 24 February 2018 at the York Hall, London.
Following a tentative opening round, the fight livened up in round two with Barrett electing to fight at range and having success to the body, while Clark came forward to work on the inside.
The next few rounds saw much of the same; Barrett throwing punches from range and Clark forcing the pace to work at close quarters.
After being warned for a low blow, Barrett was dropped to the canvas 1 minute into the sixth-round by a straight left-right uppercut combination from southpaw Clark.
Barrett was on the back foot for the next minute, evading and blocking punches with the occasional hook and uppercut landing.
In the second half of the fight, Clark began to show signs of fatigue which allowed Barrett to land his combinations at range with more frequency, with Clark still continuing to press the action and land single shots to make the rounds evenly contested.
Following two consecutive wins over journeyman Edwin Tellez, he then fought Lyon Woodstock Jr. on 15 June 2019 for the vacant Commonwealth super-featherweight title at the First Direct Arena, winning via unanimous decision.
Barrett comes from a fighting family, being a cousin of Commonwealth light-heavyweight champion Lyndon Arthur, and nephew to former British and European champion and world title challenger, Pat Barrett, who is also his trainer.
On Christmas day in 2011, Barrett's older brother, John, was attacked at a private party held at Sinclair's Bar in Rochdale, Greater Manchester.
Mercy Maston (born November 10, 1992) is a professional Canadian football defensive back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
Following two years with the Eskimos, Mercy was released in January 2019 and signed a futures contract with the Philadelphia Eagles, but was cut before playing an NFL game.
Following injuries to Brandon Alexander and Marcus Rios, the Blue Bombers needed help in the secondary and signed Maston in August 2019.
After the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, the family was exiled in the first wave of deportations that took place in June 1941.
Dalia, her mother, and her brother were first sent to the Altai region and then transported to Trofimovsk (), a prison island in the Lena River delta far beyond the Arctic Circle.
In 1949, together with her mother, she managed to escape and returned to Lithuania, hiding out in the homes of friends and relatives in Kaunas for a year.
In 1953, she was once again exiled to Yakutia but the following year, as conditions eased following the death of Stalin, she gained the right to study medicine at Omsk.
Returning once more to Kaunas, she continued her medical education there, graduating in 1960 (at the age of 33) from the local medical school.
She worked until 1974, when she was dismissed from her job by the Soviet authorities and even deprived of her service apartment.
Danielle (Ottobre) Imbo and Richard A. Petrone Jr. are Americans who disappeared together on February 19, 2005, after visiting a bar on Philadelphia’s South Street.
On the evening of Saturday, February 19, Imbo and Petrone joined another couple for drinks at Abeline's bar and restaurant located at 429 South Street.
Since 2008, the FBI has been investigating the disappearance as a possible murder for hire but has not named any suspects.
Lilli Lentz (born 13 September 1924) is a Danish archer who represented Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in archery.
She competed in the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished 29th with a score of 2218 points.
In the same format as Absolute Radio 80s, Absolute Radio 90s and Absolute Radio 00s, the station is a rolling music service which airs music from the period 2010–2019.
Unlike most other decades radio stations (but similar to Pop2K in the United States), it started broadcasting while the decade was still on-going (albeit, the two months before the decade ended).
It is the sixth decades themed station to be launched by Absolute's parent company, Bauer Radio, but unlike its sister stations, it operates exclusively online.
The crew used the pumps, attempted to bail, and tried to kedge her on to shore, but she foundered suddenly at about 9a.m.
The character developed from early conversations between Favreau and Dave Filoni in the summer of 2017, not long after Favreau had pitched the show to Kathleen Kennedy and she had put him in touch with Filoni.
When the two men met, Filoni began to draw doodles on napkins, and the visual concept for the Child was then developed by various artists, of which the version by Christian Alzmann was pivotal.
The puppet is controlled by two technicians, one who operates the eyes and mouth and another who controls other facial expressions.
In the of the series, the titular Mandalorian bounty hunter (Pedro Pascal) accepts a valuable commission from a Client (Werner Herzog), a mysterious Imperial official, to track down and capture an unidentified fifty-year-old target.
Infiltrating a remote and heavily defended encampment, the Mandalorian acquires the quarry, who appears to be a child from the same species as Yoda.
As the beast rushes the Mandalorian for the kill, the Child uses The Force to levitate the creature, allowing the surprised Mandalorian to kill it.
He accepts a new job from the Bounty Hunter's guild leader, Greef Karga (Carl Weathers), but instead goes back to infiltrate the Client's base and retrieve the Child, who is being studied by Dr. Pershing (Omid Abtahi).
The Mandalorian is ambushed by the guild's bounty hunters and Karga, but the Mandalorian is able to escape with the Child when other Mandalorians of the Tribe unexpectedly come to his defense.
The Mandalorian recruits Cara Dune (Gina Carano), an ex-Rebel shocktrooper, Kuiil (Nick Nolte), an Ugnaught farmer and mechanic who previously helped him, and IG-11, who has been repaired and reprogrammed by Kuiil.
When Cara and the Mandalorian are arm wrestling, the Child mistakes Cara for an enemy and begins force choking her, but the Mandalorian stops him.
Greef is injured and the Child heals him using the Force, so Greef reveals that he was planning on betraying them until the Child healed him.
The Mandalorian sends Kuiil back to his ship with the Child, while he, Cara and Greef head into town to kill the Client.
The Child uses the Force to deflect an attacking stormtrooper's flamethrower back on him, and the group escapes with the Child through a sewer grate, seeking help from the hidden Mandalorians.
The Armorer (Emily Swallow) tasks the Mandalorian to care for the foundling Child like his own, discover its origins, and return it to its kind.
It is located about 318 miles (or 512 kilometers) south-west of Abuja, the Nigeria's capital city and is 18 miles (29 kilometers) from the city of Lagos.
Fahad Al-Hamad (, born July 1, 1998) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who currently plays for Al-Taawoun as a Defender.
It flowers from October to December and fruits from November to June and the nuts are dispersed by granivory and wind.
It is found from the coast to the mountains (to an altitude of 1000 m) growing on beaches and lake and stream margins.
Glass (March 8, 1885 - January 31, 1954) was born in San Francisco and grew up in Fresno, where he attended Fresno High School.
In 1922 there was some controversy, involving an article published as an interview, and statement of a member of the firm not being certified as an architect.
The British Rail Class 803 is a type of electric multiple unit being built by Japanese rolling stock manufacturer Hitachi for new operator East Coast Trains.
In 2015, following an announcement from the Office of Rail and Road that it would be allowing open-access operators to bid for additional rail paths on the East Coast Main Line between London and Scotland, FirstGroup put in a proposal to operate open-access services between London and Edinburgh.
Under its plan, First would seek to directly compete with existing road, rail and air services by offering all standard class with an average ticket price of approximately £25.
In March 2019, First announced that it had signed an agreement with Hitachi to procure a total of five new 5-car trains from its A-Train product line for its East Coast service.
Unlike the Class 800 and 802, the new units will not be fitted with a diesel engine, and so would not be able to propel themselves in the event of a power failure.
East Coast Trains plan to retain only standard class accommodation throughout their new Class 803 units, with no first class accommodation at all.
Paul Matthew Niall Feehan (born 1961 in Dublin) studied electrical engineering at University College Dublin (BE 1982) and the University of Missouri at Rolla (ME 1984), before switching to mathematics.
He worked for several years at UC Berkeley, Harvard and Ohio State University, and in 2000 was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at TCD.
However, a year later he accepted a position at Rutgers, where he now does research in non-linear elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations, differential geometry, mathematical physics, and the applications of partial-integro differential equations to derivative security pricing and risk management.
Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser (born 24 September 1965) is a Swiss statistician who develops methods for statistical inference with applications to research fields ranging from social, economics (econometrics) to experimental sciences (biostatistics).
She is a professor in the Geneva School of Economics and Management, part of the University of Geneva, and was the founding dean of the school.
After working for three years as a lecturer at the London School of Economics (department of statistics), she returned to the University of Geneva in 1997, in the faculty of psychology and educational sciences.
She was awarded, in 2000, the professorial fellowships from the Swiss National Science Foundation, became a full professor in the Department of Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC Genève) in 2001, and dropped her affiliation with psychology and educational sciences in 2005.
In 2013 the department merged with the Department of Economics to become the Geneva School of Economics and Management (GSEM), and she served as its founding dean from 2013 to 2017.
Within the University of Geneva, Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser has led the creation of institutes and programs for research and teaching in statistical sciences.
D. program in statistics (2009) and the master program in business analytics (2017) with a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with the multinationals companies association established in the Geneva region.
Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser develops statistical methods that concern, in particular, robust statistics, model selection, prediction, resampling (statistics) methods, time series, generalized linear model and generalized latent variable model.
She has published scientific articles in internationally recognized reviews such as the Journal of the American Statistical Association, the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (statistical methodology), Econometrica, the The Annals of Applied Statistics and Journal of Business & Economic Statistics.
Part of her research activities have been financed by public founding bodies such as the Swiss National Science Foundation or the Economic and Social Research Council in the UK.
The 2019 NCAA Division II Men's Soccer Championship is the 48th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division II men's collegiate soccer in the United States.
The semifinals and championship game are played at Highmark Stadium in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from December 12–14, 2019 while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2019.
No teams received automatic bids; at-large bids are based on the teams' regular season records and the Quality of Winning Percentage Index.
Mohanad Al-Najei (; born 17 March 1994) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as an Midfielder for Pro League club Damac .
He began his senior career as a member of his hometown club Abha in the Saudi Second Division, departing two seasons later to join local rivals and Saudi First Division club Damac.
Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha (Ottoman Turk مشير محمد رؤوف پاشا بن عبدى پاشا چركسى), (born 1832, Istanbul – died 1908, Istanbul) Ottoman soldier and statesman of Circassian origin.
After the Treaty of Paris in 1856, he was sent to France as a military attaché and stayed in Paris for six years and completed his education at the French Staff School.
After returning to Istanbul, in 1868, he was promoted to the rank of Mirliva and traveled in Europe with Sultan Abdülaziz as his aide-de-camp.
He then served as the Governor of the Vilayets of Ioannina, Shkoder, Kastamonu, Baghdad and Yemen, again Governor of Crete and Yemen, then Governor of Thessaloniki and Bosnia.
After the ascension of Abdul Hamid II to the throne, he became the Minister of the Navy for the second time and then Serasker and Artillery Commander.
After the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), he was taken back to Edirne in the capacity of governor and Mushir of the Second Army.
After retiring Wivestad became a football agent, among others for Jørgen Skjelvik, Ghayas Zahid, Sander Berge, Håkon Evjen and Filip Delaveris.
Of these, two are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The parish contains the village of Weston and the surrounding countryside, and the listed buildings consist of a church and three houses.
The hall of fame has inducted individuals from all of the rodeo events and from the categories used in the ProRodeo Hall of Fame, and others.
It is a building of office units opening out into a central, interior courtyard topped by a large skylight and clerestory window.
Its National Register nomination states:At the time of its design and construction in 1926, the Physicians Building consisted of some twenty-eight rooms, grouped into separate office units which opened out onto a centrally built interior court.
With an area of over a thousand square feet, the courtyard was an exceptionally large common space for a building with exterior dimensions of approximately 73 x 85 feet.
An octagonal fountain and fish pond, some eight feet across and built of a beige-colored stone, was designed to provide a bench surface as well as atmospheric character for the central axis of the medical building.
Rising some 18 feet above a floor surface of highly polished serpentine-green linoleum tile (at the time, a technological wonder which provided the rich tonal range of genuine marble), a superbly detailed skylight allowed natural light to filter into this large court-space through individually set panes of pebbled glass installed below a clerestory roof.
Built of some 13 inches of milled and layered Cyma-Recta double curves, the finished woodwork which made up the ceiling's structural element was painted an off-white, in keeping with the intricacy of its classically Italianate appearance.
Eight quarter columns with simple striped and banded crests at capital height, as well as four corner columns, completed the formal symmetry of this elegant medical reception area.Originally located at the edge of town, adjacent to residential areas bordering to the east and west, Physicians Building offered a particularly handsome entrance elevation along its frontage on Fresno Street.
Sash-type screened windows with full cast projecting sills; a recessed arched entrance positioned on the central axis, with a radial fan window over double french-style doors; a simple chamferred projecting base (Plinth) which banded the entire building; and the formal, engraved Roman Majuscules denoting Physicians Building; were all details more in keeping with the stricter tenets of the Italianate mode.
A folk etymology suggests that the dish was first served to Napoleon III at the signing of the Treaty of Plombières.
Plombières should not be confused with Malaga ice cream, a vanilla ice cream served with dried raisins soaked in Malaga wine or rum.
South Rustico, formerly called Rustico, is an unincorporated rural community in the township of Lot 24, Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
South Rustico is located south of North Rustico and north of Charlottetown in the central part of the province on the north shore.
Its western terminus is at the end of State Maintenance in Louisville and its eastern terminus is at KY 1934 in Louisville.
The rebel tribesmen, lacking any centralized leadership, burned municipal buildings, government schools, a hospital, and 200 dwellings in the suburbs, most of them belonging to Persians living and trading in the Arab community.
Charles R. H. Tripp notes that although the revolt was anti-Ottoman in a broad sense, the uprising was not in support of the British war effort and instead intended to grant the city higher administrative autonomy.
However, Karbala suffered from a lack of centralized leadership, and was unable to establish contact with the British forces to the south due to tribes still loyal to the Ottoman Empire separating them.
It was designed in Mediterranean Revival style by architect Charles E. Butner and built by contractors Fisher & McNulty to serve as a chemical testing lab.
Joining Strindheim ahead of the 1986 season, he finally got his chance on the first tier when joining Lyn in the summer of 1992.
The mold was created by using the hull of one of the wooden boats and the resulting fiberglass boats retained the distinctive wooden board imprints from the mold.
The Islander 24 features a trunk cabin, but the raised deck Islander 24 Bahama version proved a bigger commercial success and the Islander 24 had a relatively short production run.
The design was built by McGlasson Marine/Islander Yachts in the United States from 1961 to 1967, but it is now out of production.
It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a raised transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel.
Oyster Bed Bridge is located at the intersections of Route 6 and Route 7, south of North Rustico and north of Charlottetown in the central part of the province on the north shore.
The company licenses patented breeds of fruit to growers worldwide, and is the largest private breeder of table grapes in the world.
IFG was founded in 2001 in Bakersfield by David Cain, Jack Pandol, Glen Stoller, his wife Terrie Stoller, and their son Craig Stoller.
Cain was a fruit breeder who in the 1970s worked in Fresno, California as a researcher with the USDA, developing new varieties of table grapes and seedless raisins.
Pandol was a UC Davis plant scientist graduate and third generation grape grower who had founded grape growing company Grapery in 1996.
Glen and Terrie Stoller were the founders of Bakersfield-based grapevine nursery Sunridge Nurseries, a supplier of plant material to the wine and table grape industry, and their son Craig was the company's president.
A few months after forming IFG, Cain attended a trade show where researchers from the University of Arkansas were showing grapes.
He licensed that grape along with others from the university for IFG, and improved the size and texture by crossbreeding the grapes with sturdier California grapes.
In 2010, after years of cross-pollinating and testing numerous grapes, IFG patented the Cotton Candy grape, and began licensing it to growers.
In 2011, the company had partnered with grape grower The Grapery, which was selling IFG's Sweet Sunshine, Sweet Sapphire and Sweet Celebration.
In 2018, the company's Cheery Grand cherry, seen as a possible replacement for the Chelan cherry, began getting harvested in Chile and Australia.
In order to breed seedless grapes, the breeders have to take out the baby embryos from the plant, then grow them in individual test tubes in the lab before they can be planted.
The company's licensed products include its signature Cotton Candy grapes, and Sweet Celebration, a crunchy, cherry red, mid- to late-season seedless grape with a large berry.
The 2019–20 Florida State Seminoles women's basketball team, variously Florida State or FSU, represents Florida State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Seminoles are led by head coach Sue Semrau, in her twenty-third year, and play their home games at the Donald L. Tucker Center on the university's Tallahassee, Florida campus.
For the 2018–19 season, the Seminoles finished with a record of 24–9, 10–6 in the ACC, to finish in sixth place.
The Seminoles received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as a five-seed, their seventh consecutive tournament appearance, and were defeated in the second round of the tournament by South Carolina.
He came through the youth ranks of Lyn and played ten seasons for the senior team, the last three in Eliteserien where he got 25 games and 2 goals.
Orientation of the cats was written by Julio Cortázar, an Argentinian writer whose writing career included novels, short stories, essays, poetry and so on.
Julio Cortazar was one of the founders of the Latin American Boom and his notable works include Hopscotch and Blow-up and Other Stories.
The narrator then shows signs of jealousy towards Osiris, he expresses how he is incapable of reaching complete happiness when his wife express love towards him due to the constant presence of the cat and complains about her inability to realize and assess the situation.
There is a whole number of aspects of her personality that are unfamiliar to him and he wants to discover.At first, he decides to use music to try to discover her.
He believed music helped her let go of that facade of superficial happiness and total honesty and left her naked to his eye.
He felt that by doing this, he would be able to love her better, to be a better husband.He had given up trying to understand Osiris.
He decided to take her to an art gallery to attempt to decipher her further and deeper, as he was not pleased with what he had discovered.
He was convinced there was still more of her to show.He shows confidence in his endeavor, as he was sure she would have never realized that his true intentions to take her to the gallery was not to look at art, but to get to know more about her.
In a twist off fate, She steps in front of a painting portraying a cat identical to Osiris looking out of a window.
At this moment, she broke up her ties with her husband and entered the painting, from which she and the cat starred at him.
One of these places is the house of the narrator, where he lives with his wife Alana and their cat Osiris.
It includes a Primetime Emmy Award as well as nominations for two Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award.
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
The awards were founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others.
The Golden Globe Award is an accolade bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.
Its significance is stated in the National Register nomination:The Buckridge Ranch House is an excellent example of a building form that first arrived in the United States with English settlers in the seventeenth century and continued to be built in one guise or another for over 2OO years.
This kind of building, called an I—house, has a rectangular form, two stories with two rooms on each, and a symmetrical facade.
I—houses, like other early vernacular building types, used design principles that were of proven utility and were passed from builder to builder by word of mouth.
The builder of the Buckridge Ranch House was probably not trying to design a house similar to those popular in the American Southeast.
The building displays all the characteristics of a Tidewater I-house (form, height, fenestration, roof, and porch) in an unusually pure example.
In 1856, the ramparts of the were demolished, replacing the 'Sand Bastion' with the name of Basteiberg () (originally known as Bastion Hill).
It has survived to the present day, but no longer with the less sophisticated underwater lighting that was still operational at the beginning of the last century.
Around 1893, a pseudo-swan-style swan cottage, work of Riga's architect Heinrich Scheel, was placed on pontoons along the Bastejkalns Canal - usually pulled ashore in the winter months, where it is still today.
In 1883, at the foot of the Bastion Hill, a 23-meter-long wooden bridge was erected over the canal (its curvature was so steep that people slipped out of it in winter and the bridge was ironically called by the Riga inhabitants), which was replaced in 1893 by masonry.
Then a bridge was built to connect the Old Town with what is now Rainis Boulevard (designed in 1898, rebuilt a little later and still in operation).
In 1951, according to the architect Jānis Ginters project, Bastejkalns built support walls, which used parts of the buildings of Riga destroyed by World War II.
The square of this public park was used until 1856 as part of the eastern fortifications and consisted in this area of earthen ramparts, covered trenches, bastions and moats.
In the following years, the open ground was reshaped by considerable landfills and the and connected to the eastern suburb by new bridges.
At the suggestion of the architects Johann Felsko and Otto Dietze, a green area of parks and gardens as well as a broad boulevard were created here.
The park has been expanded to include more monuments and facilities, including the Freedom Monument and the two memorial stones for the victims of Riga citizens and security forces who died in January 1991 in an OMON deployment.
He has been studying also international relations at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University and EU studies at the European College in Łódź.
Between September 1996 and July 1998 he was First Counsellor at the embassy in Riga, heading it as chargé d'affaires for four months.
Ending his term in September 2010, Cieplak returned to MFA, working at the Bureau of Human Resources (2010–2011), Eastern Department (2011–2013), Department for Cooperation with Polish Diaspora and Poles Abroad (2014–2015), and back at the Eastern Department (2015–2017).
In December 2017 he was nominated Poland ambassador to Armenia, presenting his letter of credence to the President Serzh Sargsyan on 8 February 2018.
Major General James Conway Victor RE (1792–1864) was a 19th century British officer of the British Army serving mainly in Tasmania as a military engineer and architect.
He served as Director of Public Works (Roads and Bridges) in Tasmania from 1843, and was responsible for much of the road infrastructure.
He entered the newly created Royal Military College, Sandhurst as a cadet in 1807 and was created a second lieutenant in 1810 and was promoted to first lieutenant in 1811.
This appears to have been in the more sedate Royal Engineers who were not actively engaged in battles during this period.
Lieutenant Governor Sir John Eardley-Wilmot appointed Victor as Director of the amalgamated bodies executing public works in 1843 but this system did not work well and it was split back into two bodies by 1844.
In 1846/47 he resisted the orders of Lieutenant Governor Sir William Denison, whom he probably new from his earlier service in the Royal Engineers.
He was commanded to draw up plans for a new wharf (Franklin's Wharf) in Hobart, but instead in July 1847 wrote to his commander in England explaining why this project was financially flawed.
He lived on Hampden Road in Hobart until December 1848 when he retired to Britain to live in Edinburgh, to be close to his wife's relatives.
Despite this obvious shun by his superiors he was appeased by a promotion to Major General in 1854 which secured him a very healthy pension.
In April 1834 he married Anne Dashwood Young (d.1876), youngest daughter of Alexander Young of Harburn House in Midlothian (near West Calder).
Shachar earned her Bachelor of Arts and LL.B at Tel Aviv University before moving to the United States and studying at Yale Law School.
Shachar was later appointed to Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and finally became a Full Professor of Law, Political Science and Global Affairs.
In 2006, prior to leaving for a Visiting Fellowship at Stanford Law School, Shachar earned a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council to research and write her new book on citizenship.
A later article written on the theme of Citizenship, which was published in the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law, was the recipient of the Chapter Award of the Migration and Citizenship section of the American Political Science Association.
In 2014, Shachar was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for her contributions to the fields of international ethics and global justice.
A few years later, she was the recipient of the 2019 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize to conduct research on Citizenship in Germany.
Shah was born in 1987/1988 to Amit Shah, a political activist for the Bharatiya Janata Party's youth wing, Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, and Sonal Shah.
Shah worked as one of the directors of Temple Enterprise, a company which was founded in 2004 and involved in the trade of agricultural products.
After serving as an executive board member of the Central Board of Cricket, Ahmedabad, starting 2009, Shah became the joint secretary of the Gujarat Cricket Association (GCA) in September 2013.
During his tenure as joint secretary, he oversaw GCA's construction of the Sardar Patel Stadium, the world's largest cricket stadium, in Ahmedabad, along with his father Amit Shah who was GCA president at the time; the project was reportedly the brainchild of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi who was the president of GCA before Amit Shah.
Shah became a member of the finance and marketing committees of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2015.
The following month, he was elected as the secretary of BCCI for a one-and-a-half-year term and the youngest of the five office bearers.
In 2018, the Gujarat High Court restored a gag order, earlier placed by a civil court, on the website, preventing it from publishing any content connecting Shah's businesses to Modi.
He was later assistant coach under Tor Ole Skullerud for Bærum SK in the 2003 1. divisjon, among other roles in the club.
Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 31W (US 31W) and US 60 in Louisville and its northern terminus is at KY 1934 in Louisville.
Vusal Mahmud oglu Isgandarli (; born 3 November 1995) is an Azerbaijani footballer who plays as a midfielder for Keşla and the Azerbaijan national team.
WCTU members argued that alcohol abuse was a problem in the dominion, and that it led to increased rates of domestic violence and poverty, of which women and children were the primary victims.
The WCTU argued that women should be given the right to vote in local option elections, so they could vote on prohibition and other issues.
Edited by Jessie Ohman, it contained editorials and essays calling for women’s suffrage, as well as political cartoons skewering the Newfoundland government and Prime Minister Sir William Whiteway, who was seen as being weak on prohibition and women’s suffrage.The WCTU also circulated a petition across the island of Newfoundland, demanding the women be given the right to vote in local option elections.
On March 18, 1891, WCTU members marched to the Colonial Building and gave the petition to the government.The Newfoundland legislature debated enfranchising women on March 15, 1892, but defeated the motion in a vote of 13 to ten.
Suffragists were active in other parts of the world, and news of their work was reported in Newfoundland newspapers and debated in local clubs and societies.
In response, a group of St. John’s women formed the Ladies Reading Room in 1909 to give women a space to discuss current affairs and read international journals and newspapers.
The outbreak of the First World War caused suffragists to reduce their efforts, but, when the war ended, the movement gained significant ground.
Women's Patriotic Association which was formed to support war effort and its leaders were to key to the postwar proliferation of women's civic organizations, including the suffrage movement.
League members embarked on an island-wide publicity campaign: suffragists screened advertisements in movie houses, published essays and letters in newspapers, canvassed homes and businesses, and circulated a petition throughout the island to garner support.
Their efforts ended in success on March 9, 1925, when Prime Minister Walter Stanley Monroe introduced a suffrage bill to the legislature.
It was not, however, a total success: women could become voters at the age of 25, while men could vote at the age of 21.
Nonetheless, suffragists hailed the new law as a victory and the Women’s Franchise League changed its name to The League of Women Voters, a non-partisan organization that promoted such social issues as compulsory education, child welfare, and maternal health.
The Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln e. V. is a German association which financially and ideologically supports research, restoration and preservation of Romanesque churches in Cologne.
It was founded in 1981 and also organises public relations, guided tours and lectures to improve public awareness of these churches.
Since 2013 the Förderverein has also been advocating for the Romanesque churches of Cologne to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site, though such an application was first considered in 1980 by the city conservator Hiltrud Kier.
Also in 1872, the paper conducted a campaign against the Portland Police Bureau, and was embarrassed when the police planted a hoax story about an alleged murder.
Basanta Bilap is a 1973 Indian comedy film directed by Dinen Gupta, starring Soumitra Chatterjee and Aparna Sen as leads, based on a story by writer Bimal Kar.
The story revolves around a series of hilarious clashes between a group of four boys and four girls from Basanta Bilap, a nearby working girl's hostel, eventually leading to their romance.
He joined Lyn from FK Fauske/Sprint and played four seasons for the senior team, the last one in Eliteserien where he got 3 games.
After working in the Norwegian Ministry of Culture and the administration of Nord University, he was hired in 2017 as managing director of FK Bodø/Glimt.
Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Shakerley (née Anson; born 7 June 1941) is a British party planner and socialite from the Anson family.
Lady Elizabeth is a first cousin, once removed, of Queen Elizabeth II and sister of Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield.
Elizabeth Georgiana Anson was born on 7 June 1941 at Windsor Castle to Thomas Anson, Viscount Anson, and his wife, Anne Bowes-Lyon, the future Princess Anne of Denmark.
Lady Elizabeth has been planning parties for her cousin, The Queen, since 1960. Notable events has she planned include Sting's wedding, Margaret Thatcher's 70th birthday party, Elizabeth II's 80th birthday party, the wedding of Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece, and Marie-Chantal Miller and a reception for foreign royals the night before the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton at the Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park Hotel.
In 1966, Lady Elizabeth was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Jonkheer Claus van Amsberg.
In 2018, Lady Elizabeth attended the state banquet given by The Queen in honour of The King and Queen of the Netherlands at Buckingham Palace.
Despite her father dying before acceding to the earldom of Lichfield, Anson was granted the rank of an Earl's daughter on 12 July 1961.
Elvin Jamalov (; born 4 February 1995) is an Azerbaijani footballer who plays as a midfielder for Zira and the Azerbaijan national team.
Mark Allen was the defending champion after a 9–7 defeat of Shaun Murphy in the 2018 final, but he lost 5–6 to Jack Lisowski in the semi-finals.
Mark Selby became the first player to win two Home Nations events in a single season after a 9–6 win over Jack Lisowski in the final.
The 2019 CME Group Tour Championship was the ninth CME Group Tour Championship, a women's professional golf tournament and the season-ending event on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour.
From 2014 to 2018, the top 72 players on the points list and any tournament winners, whether or not a member, earned entry into the championship.
The God's House of Hip Hop 20/20 Summer Fest music festival concept was pioneered by Multi-Platinum Producer, Billboard chart topper Emcee N.I.C.E.
Claude Bakadal (born 19 March 1976) is a French retired footballer who is last known to have worked as assistant coach at ES Viry-Châtillon in his home country.
Also included are two 11” x 17” sheets of thicker card stock, printed with various cut-out details like desks, cars, plants, and phone booths.
The book received an overwhelmingly positive critical response, and was named one of the ten best horror books of 2018 by Bloody Disgusting.
Later that year, Fangoria's parent company, Cinestate, announced that they would be adapting the book into a film with Fassel collaborating on the screenplay and serving as executive producer.
His father worked for the phone company, and he grew up around telecommunications equipment, later comparing part of his childhood experience to the aesthetics of Videodrome.
When he was seventeen, Fassel dropped out of high school and obtained his GED after budget cuts resulted in the elimination of most of his school's elective courses.
After obtaining his GED, he interned for the Broken Arrow police department evidence room, where he received the President's Volunteer Service Award for his work.
He attended community college at Lone Star College in Conroe, Texas, where he began writing short stories set in 1970s Times Square that were published in the campus's literary journal..
Fassel spent his teenage years renting grindhouse, horror, and exploitation films from local video rental stores in Oklahoma, initially out of a desire to desensitize himself to disturbing imagery and as an act of defiance against what he perceived of as the oppressively conservative culture of rural Oklahoma; he would later credit his love of horror cinema as contributing to his desire to become a horror writer.
He further credited his mother's purchasing him a copy of Stephen King's The Shining with inspiring him to become a horror writer, and Bill Landis and Michelle Clifford's Sleazoid Express with interesting him in 42nd street culture.
Fassel initially began writing for an optometric trade publication while working as an optician, receiving a job offer after writing a letter to the editor.
He later transitioned into writing for Rue Morgue after pitching a story to their editor-in-chief at a horror convention, beginning by writing reviews and later transitioning into writing feature stories.
During his time at the magazine, Fassel was nominated for the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for an interview he conducted with Herschell Gordon Lewis.
Concurrently to his time with Rue Morgue, Fassel also contributed to the pop culture websites Cinedump.com and HeardTell.com, being nominated for a further two Rondo awards for an interview with Kelli Maroney and in the best category article, respectively.
Fassel initially sold the book to an independent press called Fear Front based out of Georgia, shortly before the company went out of business.
Around the time of the book's publication, Fassel worked as an extra on the set of , where he met producer Dallas Sonnier, who expressed interest in acquiring the film rights; Fassel later convinced Sonnier to purchase the republication rights as well.
Fassel additionally asked for a job with Sonnier's production company, Cinestate, as part of the deal, unaware that Sonnier had recently purchased Fangoria magazine; Sonnier subsequently hired Fassel to work for the publication.
In 2018, it was announced that a film adaptation of the book was in development at Fangoria, with Fassel collaborating on the screenplay and serving as an executive producer alongside Sonnier and Phil Nobile Jr..
On the Count of Three is an upcoming film, directed by Jerrod Carmichael, from a screenplay by Ari Katcher and Ryan Welch.
In June 2019, it was announced Jerrod Carmichael and Christopher Abbott would star in the film, with Carmichael directing from a screenplay by Ari Katcher and Ryan Welch.
B. Smoove and Lavell Crawford had joined the cast of the film, with Tom Werner serving as a producer under his Werner Entertainment banner, with principal photography commencing that same month.
Kiuchi Kyō was born on 14 February 1884 in the Asakusa Morishita town in the Asakusa ward of Tokyo, the first-born child of artist .
The Awashima family business was a well-known honeycomb toffee shop, but they made a living by charging rent for the remaining estate and selling it, such as giving up the store with her grandparents.
Worried after her graduation from high school, she attended a normal school, and she graduated from Tokyo Women's Normal School in March 1903 and was assigned to Minamikatsushika Ordinary Primary School.
In March 1909, she married , a teacher at Urawa Junior High School, and she chose to maintain her work–life balance.
She entered the Tokyo Women's Normal School's advanced courses in April 1926, and after completing the course, she was transferred to Jūon Ordinary Primary School.
In October 1931, she became the principal of Itabashi no Shimura First Ordinary Primary School of Itabashi, and she remained in that position until July 1941.
She was also vice-president of the National Primary School Union's Female Teachers Association, director of the Tokyo Education Association's Women's Training Department, a member of the Japan International Association's Women's Committee, director of the Tokyo Women's Patriotic Association, and a councillor of the Dai Nippon Women's Association.
After an unsuccessful attempt in the 1946 Japanese general election, where she received 21,185 votes for the House of Councillors national district among 120 candidates, she was elected to the House of Councillors national district in the 1947 Japanese House of Councillors election.
Widener University Commonwealth Law School (also known as Widener Law Commonwealth), located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is one of two separate ABA-accredited law schools of Widener University.
The law school awards the Juris Doctor degree in its full-time and part-time programs and is a member of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS).
The Widener University School of Law in Harrisburg was founded in 1989, as an expansion of Widener University's existing law school in Wilmington, Delaware.
Anthony J. Santoro, who served as Dean of law from 1983-1992, felt that there was a need for legal education in Harrisburg, the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
On July 1, 2015, the two campuses separated into two distinct law schools that operate independently of each other, but remain part of the Widener University.
The law school chose the name Commonwealth to reflect its mission and ties to the Pennsylvania government and in recognition of Pennsylvania as one of four commonwealths in the nation.
Located in Pennsylvania's capital of Harrisburg, the campus spans 19 acres and includes 4 academic and administrative building as well as recreation and parking areas.
Beginning in 2014, the law school created the a joint venture with the Dauphin County Bar Association, to create a legal incubator program.
The program's mission is to allow new graduates the resources, space, and training needed to create new solo law firms which benefit the local community.
Caraway Creek drains of area, receives about 46.7 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 372.93 and is about 54% forested.
Trefle was created as a girl group featuring voice actresses Yui Kano, Yui Ishikawa, Chihiro Ikki, Yukari Goto, Minami Takahashi, and Marina Tanoue, who are all part of different talent agencies.
On July 29, 2016, the official website announced that after discussion with the members, Trefle would disband after their final concert on October 5, 2016.
Section 51(xxxviii) of the Constitution of Australia was intended to give the states of Australia independence from the UK Parliament, as it authorised the Commonwealth Parliament to, with the consent of the relevant state parliament(s), do anything the UK Parliament could do on their behalf, including repeal British laws that applied to them.
Despite this, the Commonwealth itself remained subject to Imperial laws of paramount force, until it finally evolved full legislative independence from the UK with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942.
The daughter of the 5th Earl of Leicester, Lady Glenconner served as a maid of honour at the Coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953, and was Extra Lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth II's sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, from 1971 until the Princess died in 2002.
Thomas Coke and his wife Lady Elizabeth (née Yorke), the son and daughter of the then-Thomas Coke, Viscount Coke and Charles Yorke, 8th Earl of Hardwicke, respectively.
Lady Glenconner's great-grandfather, Thomas Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester, died in 1941, making her grandfather the 4th Earl of Leicester and her father Viscount Coke.
During the Second World War, Lady Glenconner and her sister Carey stayed at Cortachy Castle with their paternal great-aunt Alexandra, Countess of Airlie, their aunt's husband David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie, and the Airlies’ children (including David and Angus).
As King George and Queen Elizabeth's Sandringham House was only 10 miles from Holkham, Lady Glenconner was a regular playmate of the young Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret.
The King and Queen were friends with Lady Glenconner's parents, and the family were often invited to Christmas parties at Buckingham Palace.
In 1953, Lady Glenconner was selected to be one of the maids of honour at the Coronation of Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey.
The guests included Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret; the Princess’s future husband, Antony Armstrong-Jones, was the wedding photographer.
Lady Glenconner's husband acceded to the title of Baron Glenconner on his father's death on 4 October 1983, having already inherited the family's estate in the Scottish Borders, The Glen.
When Lord Glenconner died in 2010, it was revealed that he had made a new will shortly before his death leaving all of his assets to an employee.
When Princess Margaret married Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, in 1960, Lady Glenconner and her husband offered them a piece of land on their privately-owned island, Mustique, which Lord Glenconner had bought in 1958 for £45,000.
Over the course of her service, she accompanied the Princess on many tours abroad to destinations including the United States, Australia and Hong Kong; once, she stood in for the Princess on a trip to the Philippines to meet with Imelda Marcos, after the Princess became ill with pneumonia.
It was Lady Glenconner and her husband who introduced Princess Margaret to Roddy Llewellyn, who began a relationship to the then-still married Princess in 1973, when he was 25 and she 43.
For her personal service rendered to the Royal Family, Lady Glenconner was made a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1991 Birthday Honours.
The 25th Combat Aviation Brigade is a Combat Aviation Brigade of the United States Army's 25th Infantry Division based at Wheeler Army Airfield.
Alberto Arturo Figueroa Morales (born August 9, 1961) is a Puerto Rican priest of the Catholic Church who currently serves as auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of San Juan.
Then, in 1981 he entered as a postulant with the Capuchin Friars and studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico – Ponce (PUCPR) where he obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1984.
In 1986 he received the dispensation of the temporary vows and entered the diocesan seminary Jesus Master of the Diocese of Arecibo.
He received diaconal ordination in 1989 and on 2 June 1990 the priestly ordination at the hands of Mons, Ulises Aurelio Casiano Vargas, Apostolic Administrator of the diocese.
Citybook III: Deadly Nightside is a universal role-playing game supplement published by Flying Buffalo and distributed by Task Force Games in 1987.
It was edited by Michael A. Stackpole, with contributions by Greg Gorden, Warren Spector, Allen Varney, Scott Haring, Paul Jaquays, Jennifer Roberson, Dennis L. McKiernan, and Ed Andrews, and artwork by Liz Danforth.
Like , this book details prototypical medieval urban businesses that can be used by referees to flesh out a fantasy role-playing adventure or campaign.
Eighteen businesses are described, including a temple, a slave-trader's market, a drug den, a brothel, a court of law, a gambling club, and a school for fighters.
Each includes detailed floor plans, notable personalities associated with it, and assorted story hooks that can draw characters into an adventure.
Marvin José Anieboh Pallaruelo (born 26 August 1997), better known as Marvin, is a Spanish-born Equatoguinean footballer who plays as a centre back for Tercera División club AD Alcorcón B and as a right back the Equatorial Guinea national team.
He returned to the Equatorial Guinean squad in 2019 and made his debut on 19 November that year in a 0–1 loss to Tunisia at the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J.
The film features Prithvi Rajan and Karthika Adaikalam in lead roles, with Velu Prabhakaran, Rohini, J. Livingston, Venu Arvind, Sugi, Kathaka Thirumavalavan, Gowri and Kovai Guna playing supporting roles.
The film, produced by P. R. Suresh Kumar, had musical score by Srikanth Deva and was released on 12 October 2007.
In a village near Mayiladuthurai, the teenagers Sakthi (Prithvi Rajan) and Nangai (Karthika Adaikalam) are friends since their childhood and they eventually fall in love with each other.
Sakthi is the son of the honest village administrative officer (J. Livingston) while Nangai is the daughter of the village president (Gowri) who is fanatical about her caste and her family honour.
When Nangai's mother comes to know about their love affair, she forces Nangai to forget her lover Sakthi but Nangai continues to secretly meet him.
Sakthi cannot forget her so he secretly goes to his native village and comes to know that Nangai got married and settled down in Singapore.
One day, Sakthi and Priya take a pregnant woman who is also mentally ill to the hospital and they discover that mentally ill women are raped in a mental asylum.
A few months ago, Nangai's mother mixed poison in her milk to kill her for bringing shame to the family but Nangai survived and became mentally ill.
Back to the present, Jayavarman turns out to be Sakthi and the old woman is none other than his lover Nangai.
After finding her in the mental asylum, Sakthi took her with him and he took care of her in his house.
However, aspects of the engine's design were applied to the NK-92's civil engine counterpart, the Kuznetsov NK-93, which was tested in flight in the first decade of the 2000s.
As the artist intuitively translates gestural marks from one media to another, his works attract the viewers with their pathos and savvy sense of humor.
He received an MFA in Painting from Yale School of Art in 2013 and a BFA in Painting from Tyler School of Art in 2006.
While a student at the Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia, Lee's studio doubled as a gallery space where he organized group and solo exhibitions to promote his artistic community.
As the artist intuitively translates gestural marks from one media to another, his works attract the viewers with their pathos and savvy sense of humor.
The use of digital platforms and technologies offer him the opportunity to work against the tradition of painting: Lee transitioned from using Adobe Photoshop in his early work to adopting the Oculus Rift's virtual-reality program Medium as an imaginary studio.
As a result of this technique, the final paintings are very luminous and evoke both the light of a computer screen and the intense coloration of color field painting.
The artist sources his subjects from his daily life: people who attract his attention on the subway or the internet, scenes of ordinary activities, animals, and flowers.
However, by confronting the viewer with familiar images, his works explore the dichotomy of contemporary phenomena, such as social media, that carry both positive and negative effects.
Further exploiting the possibilities offered by the world of V.R., Lee has also created a series of sculptures that give form to his digital drawings with the use of a 3D printer.
While at first glance, the subjects of these sculptures appear joyful and soothing, the distortions of forms attribute a disturbing note to their flashy cheerfulness.
While the effortlessness of Alex Katz’s paintings has certainly influenced him, the use of new technology in David Hockney’s iPad Drawings and Cindy Sherman’s Instagram self-portraits likewise resonates in Lee’s works.
Konor is the title of the monarch or ruler of the Manya Krobo Traditional Area in the Eastern Region of Ghana.
Gamble jr. (born in 1941) is an American professor emeritus of Departament of Religious Studies at University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA and retired from full-time teaching in 2014.
When a player approaches the edge of a tile, the player lays a new tile down, and draws cards that represent the monsters, treasure and characters that inhabit that area of the city.
The East Capitol Street-Cardozo Line, designated Route 96, 97, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Tenleytown-AU station (96) and Union Station (97) of the Red Line of the Washington Metro and Capitol Heights station of the Blue and Silver Lines of the Washington Metro.
96 originally operated as part of the Duke Ellington Bridge-Capitol Hill Streetcar Line, which began service during the year of 1922 and operated between the Duke Ellington Bridge in Northwest Washington D.C. & Capitol Hill neighborhood of both Northeast & Southeast Washington D.C..
Even after becoming a WMATA Metrobus Route, 96 continued to operate on the same exact streetcar route it had been operating on between the Duke Ellington Bridge & Capitol Hill, all the way up until March 27, 1976.
On March 27, 1976, 96 was rerouted from its original Capitol Hill terminus at the Capitol Building, to instead terminate at the Union Station.
On May 11, 1991, when the U Street/Cardozo Metro Station opened, 96 began serving the newly opened U Street/Cardozo Metro Station in the middle of its route.
In March, 1995, due to the fact that the 40 and 44 were both discontinued, and route 42 was truncated to only operate between Mount Pleasant & Metro Center, 96 was extended from its terminus at the Union Station to operate all the way up to the Capitol Heights station, via Stadium–Armory station, DC General Hospital & the Benning Road Metro Station.
While the D6 route, which was rerouted to operate between Stadium–Armory station & Sibley Hospital, via DC General Hospital & Union Station replaced the segment of 40, 42, & 44's route between Metro Center and Stadium–Armory station via Union Station.
Route 96 was extended to operate all the way up to Capitol Heights, via DC General Hospital & Benning Road station, to not only replace the segment of 40's routing on the East Capitol Street NE, but to also provide additional service between Union Station & Stadium Armory, to complement route D6 service between Union Station & Stadium Armory.
The only difference would be that 96 would operate between Union Station & Stadium–Armory station, via Columbus Circle NE, E Street NE, North Capitol Street NW, Louisiana Avenue NW, 1st Street NW, Constitution Avenue NW/NE, 1st Street NE, 11th Street SE, 13th Street NE/SE, Massachusetts Avenue SE, the DC General Hospital, and 19th Street SE, instead.
Also WMATA created a brand new 97 route to operate alongside 96, except only between Union Station & Capitol Heights, instead of operating all the way to Duke Ellington Bridge like route 96.
Route 97 would operate during weekday peak hours between Union station and Capital Heights along East Capitol Street replacing route 96 which terminates at Stadium–Armory during peak hours.
While 96 & 97 would operate on almost the exact same routing between Union Station & Capitol Heights, 96 & 97's routing would slightly differ between Stadium Armory and the intersection of 13th Street NE/SE.
Both routes would divert off the intersection of East Capitol Street NE onto the intersection of 18th Street SE as 19th Street SE, is only a one-way street.
97 would then divert onto the intersection of Independence Avenue SE to reach the intersection of 19th Street SE, divert onto 19th Street SE serving Stadium–Armory, before returning back and operating on the rest of its routing towards Union Station.
Route 96 would divert off of East Capitol Street NE onto the intersection of 18th Street SE and then divert onto the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue SE, continue straight on Massachusetts Avenue SE to serve DC General Hospital, and then return back in the opposite direction/operate on Massachusetts Avenue SE towards the intersection of 13th Street NE/SE, where it would rejoin 97 on East Capitol Street.
While 97 which would directly serve Stadium–Armory while operating both directions, 96 would only directly serve Stadium–Armory only when operating towards Capitol Heights.
The rest of 96's routing between Union Station & Duke Ellington Bridge would remain the same even though 96 was extended from its terminus at the Union Station, to operate all the way up to Capitol Heights.
These route changes were made to improve on-time performance/better schedule adherence for the 90, 92, & 93 Metrobus Routes, which operate a much more lengthy route than 96.
On September 30, 2012, 96 along with route X3 was then extended from McLean Gardens to Tenleytown-AU station adding additional service along Wisconsin Avenue NW from McLean Gardens due to a long-term detour route in 2012 to accommodate construction of Cathedral Commons.
During 2017, WMATA proposed to eliminate 96's segment between McLean Gardens and Tenleytown-AU station as it operates parallel with the 30N, 30S, 31, 33, 37, and H3, H4.
The 2020 Cork Senior A Football Championship will be the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior A Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.
A core element running through all three proposals, put together by the Cork GAA games workgroup, was that there be a group stage of 12 teams and straight relegation and promotion.
On 2 April 2019, a majority of 136 club delegates voted for Option A which will see one round of games played in April and two more in August – all with county players available.
The video, just under eight minutes long, shows Styles as a boy from the fishing village of Eroda who is an outcast due to him being the only one on the island who smiles.
In the video, Styles finds a fish who is washed up on shore, and cares for it as it grows, much to the judgement of fellow Eroda citizens.
At the end of the video, the fish bursts out of its tank, and residents help Styles return the fish back to the water.
The correct ratio of course salt to water for the brine is achieved when a potato or egg will float in the solution.
The mutton is kept in the brine until the solution has reached all parts of the meat, which can take around three weeks.
Reestit mutton has a salty flavour, which is also influenced by the peat smoke which it is exposed to when drying.
She went on to attend Ohio State University, completing a Master's degree in clinical psychology in 1959 and a Ph.D. in developmental psychology in 1968.
While a Fulbright scholar at the Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1992 through 1994, Lee became the founding director of the Hong Kong-American Center.
Waterlooville Baptist Church is the Baptist place of worship serving the town of Waterlooville and surrounding suburban areas in the borough of Havant in Hampshire, southeast England.
Waterlooville (historically known as Waterloo and Waterloo Ville) developed from the early 19th century as a linear settlement along the A3 road from London to Portsmouth, on land made available by the enclosure of the Forest of Bere.
The Anglican St George's Church was built in the early 19th century, and Nonconformists were initially catered for by a building called Ebenezer Chapel which had been registered in November 1874.
This was succeeded by a new centrally located Baptist chapel built between 1884 and 1885 to the design of George Rake, a locally prolific architect, and registered in September 1885.
The town's rapid postwar growth, including the development of several overspill estates for people moved out of war-damaged Portsmouth, prompted wholesale redevelopment of the town centre in the 1960s.
The area around the old crossroads of the London Road and the road to Hambledon was rebuilt with new commercial and industrial buildings, and the 1885 Baptist chapel was demolished as part of this.
Glazed curtain walling encloses the whole entrance vestibule on the front of the church, which faces west on to the north–south London Road.
Internally the a tall box with a central division formed by a full-height altar screen, the back of which can be seen through the fully glazed front elevation.
Waterlooville Baptist Church is registered for worship in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855; its number on the register is 70818.
It belongs to the Southern Counties Baptist Association, one of 13 regional divisions within Baptists Together (the Baptist Union of Great Britain).
Since 2016, the church has been involved with two other local churches in a joint ministry project at Berewood, a new housing estate being built close to Waterlooville.
In 1977 he became director of the ICIPU, an italian credit consortium for public companies; later, he became the first vice president and then president.
From 1980 to 1992, he held many positions: in addition to the ICIPU presidency he was also president of Crediop, the credit consortium for public works; vice president of Nuovo Banco Ambrosiano and president of the Italian banking association.
Subsequently he held the position of Minister of Foreign Trade in the Ciampi Cabinet (1993-1994); Minister of Industry, Commerce and Interim Crafts in the Ciampi Government (1994); Minister of Public Works and Minister of the Environment in the Dini Cabinet (1995-1996).
Baratta is president of the Venice Biennale and a member of the boards of the Ferrovie dello Stato and of Telecom Italia.
The 2020 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship will be the 15th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
A core element running through all three proposals, put together by the Cork GAA games workgroup, was that there be a group stage of 12 teams and straight relegation and promotion.
On 2 April 2019, a majority of 136 club delegates voted for Option A which will see one round of games played in April and two more in August – all with county players available.
The game map represents an entire world, with six continents and the poles at the north and south of the map.
The combat system is pedestrian; its only original feature is the procedure for losing control of units due to morale effects.
Little Caraway Creek rises on the Caraway Creek and Uwharrie River divide about 0.5 miles south of Hillsville in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Little Caraway Creek drains of area, receives about 46.4 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 365.93 and is about 61% forested.
The Assembly elected in 1958 was dissolved by the Governor Laurent Elisée Péchoux on 9 March after the Caledonian Union (which held a majority of seats) refused to approve the High Commissioner's agenda.
The Entente, an alliance of the Union for the New Republic and some Caledonian Union dissidents won nine seats, whilst the Caledonian Rally was reduced to only three seats.
A by-election was held on 4 November, in which the Caledonian Union won five seats (Luc Chevalier, Evenor de Greslan, Antoine Griscelli, Armand Ohlen and Rock Pidjot), Caledonian Rally three (Berge, Henri Lafleur and Claude Parazols) and the Entente two (Georges Chatenay and Thomas Hagen).
This represented a loss of one seat for the Caledonian Union (Kamandji Ouamambare) and gain of one seat for the Caledonian Rally (Berge and Parazols, replacing Albert Rapadzi).
Gaston Belouma resigned from the Assembly on 26 October and was replaced by Thène Fonguimoin Boahoumé-Arhou, who was next on the party's list.
Li Lianxiu (; December 1923 – 10 November 2019) was a Chinese military and police commander with the rank of lieutenant general.
A veteran of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese Civil War, and the Korean War, he was appointed Commander of the 38th Army of the People's Liberation Army in 1978.
In 1984, he was appointed the second Commander of the People's Armed Police (PAP), a year after its founding, serving until his retirement in 1990.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he enlisted in the Eighth Route Army in August 1938 and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year.
Serving in the Shandong Column and later as a platoon commander in the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, he participated in almost 100 battles against Japanese invaders in Shandong.
After the surrender of Japan in 1945, Li became a member of the Northeastern Democratic United Army (later Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army), and fought in many battles of the Chinese Civil War, including Siping, Liaoxi, Tianjin, and the Yangtze River Crossing Campaign.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Li served as Commander of the 337th Regiment of the 38th Army and studied at the PLA National Defence University.
In his first battle of the war, he was credited with taking over Height 200 on the 38th parallel from American forces.
His unit participated in the Battle of Tokchon, during which the 38th Army took over the city of Tokchon and inflicted substantial losses on the 7th Infantry Division of South Korea.
Upon his return from Korea, Li was promoted to Deputy Commander of the 112th Division and later Commander of the 114th Division.
He was appointed Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff of the 38th Army in July 1969, and promoted to Commander of the 38th Army in May 1978.
In 1984, Li was transferred to the People's Armed Police (PAP), which had been established a year before, to serve as its second commander.
During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Li reportedly instructed Xu Qinxian, his former subordinate and successor as Commander of the 38th Army, not to suppress the protesters without the approval of all three leaders of the Central Military Commission—Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang, and Yang Shangkun—knowing that Zhao would not approve such an order.
When the 38th Army entered Beijing under a new commander, the PAP was ordered to open a path for the army through the barricades and protesters on the roads leading to the Tiananmen Square.
In the night of 3 June, the PAP forces were able to reach the square without causing bloodshed, using only stun batons and fibreglass shields to dispel the crowds, whereas the 38th Army that followed them opened fire on the protesters and committed the Tiananmen Square massacre.
A few months after the crackdown, Li and three other top officers of the PAP were dismissed in February 1990, and he officially retired.
Robert M. McClintock (August 30, 1909 Seattle, Washington–November 1, 1976 Beaune, France) was a Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the American Ambassador to Cambodia (1954-1956), Lebanon (1957-1961), Argentina (1962-1964), and Venezuela (1970-1975).
Other positions include Advisor to the President of the Naval War College (1964 to 1966) and Deputy Director Special State-Defense Study Group beginning in 1968.
Clytia hemisphaerica is a small hydrozoan-group cnidarian, about 1 cm in diameter, that is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the North-East Atlantic Ocean.
The ciliated planula will swim freely until the proper external cues, for instance, experimental treatment with CsCl, trigger the metamorphic process.
Once the proper external cue is received, the planula stops swimming and attaches itself to a substrate via its aboral or aboral-lateral pole (what was previously the front end of the swimming planula).
After attaching itself to a substrate, the planula contracts along its oral–aboral axis and so forms a flattened holdfast to anchor itself to the substrate.
Once the planula is securely on its substrate, a stalk grows out of the holdfast and, eventually, a hydranth, also known as a gastrozooid (an individual polyp specializing in feeding) forms on the anterior end of the stalk.
At this stage, the planula is now considered a primary polyp, and this polyp can propagate vegetatively by extending its stolon to form a connected colony of multiple polyps.
Polyp colonies are essentially considered immortal; as long as they receive the proper nutrients, they can continuously replace their old parts and expand across their substrate.
However, despite containing relatively few cell types and lacking elaborate organ structures, the medusa have much greater anatomical complexity than their polyp form.
They are almost entirely transparent, their gonads, radial canals, short stomach, and four-lipped mouth being their most clearly visible anatomical structures.
These nematocytes are considered specialized nerve cells despite the fact that they are composed of a pressurized capsule (nematocyst), a rapid-firing, harpoon-like dart and lethal toxins made for killing prey.
Two parallel condensed nerve rings run around the periphery of the medusa’s bell; the outer rings is responsible for integrating sensory inputs, while the inner ring coordinates motor responses.
The tabular bones are a pair of triangular flat bones along the rear edge of the skull which form pointed structures known as tabular horns in primitive Teleostomi.
The Traralgon Marathon has been held every year from 1968 and is the oldest current marathon in Australia, it is organised by the Traralgon Harriers.
The course has changed a number of times but has been run in an out and back format starting from the Traralgon Recreation Reserve & Showgrounds out to Toongabbie for many years, moving away from the main road onto the rail trail in 2016 but still essentially following the same route.
The first is in Philosophy, Letters and Education, with a specialization in Pedagogy and she also has a degree in Law and Political Science.
She was elected on June 16, 2015, by the OAS General Assembly, for a four-year term that runs from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2019.
In February 2019 Esmeralda Arosemena de Troitiño was elected by the seven commissioners to be President of Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), whilst at a meeting in Sucre, Bolivia.
The nearest settlements to Biltoy-Yurt are Kadi-Yurt in the north, Engel-Yurt in the north-east, Gerzel-Aul and Koshkeldy in the south-east, and Gordali-Yurt, Nizhny Noyber and Verkhny Noyber in the south-west.
Biltoy-Yurt was founded for people from the Nozhay-Yurtovsky District who were forced to relocate to the plains area after the devastating landslides in 1989.
Residents of Biltoy-Yurt are mostly from the former village with the same name in Nozhay-Yurtovsky District, as well as from Bilty, Mekhkeshty and Rogun-Kazha.
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Biltoy-Yurt (1,870 or 99,89%) were ethnic Chechens, with 2 people (0,11%) who did not specify their ethnic background.
The 2019 Tyrone Senior Football Championship is the 114th edition of Tyrone GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for clubs in Tyrone Senior Football League Division 1.
crown and their first triumph since 2015 when defeating Errigal Ciarán by 0-12 to 2-4 in the final at Healy Park.
The winner plays the winner of the IFL promotion playoffs - if they win, they remain in the SFC and SFL - if they lose they are relegated to the IFC and IFL.
The IFC champions and the IFL champions are automatically promoted to the senior grade (If a team wins the IFC and IFL, the 2nd placed team in the IFL are automatically promoted).
2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th place in the IFL enter the IFL promotion semi-finals (If the IFC champions are placed in the top 5 the 6th placed team enter the IFL promotion semi-finals) with the eventual winner of the final earning the right to play the loser of the SFL relegation playoff in a relegation/promotion playoff.
Chris Kannady (born July 29, 1979) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 91st district since 2014.
Joy was educated at Sackville School, East Grinstead and studied geology at Royal Holloway, University of London where she graduated with first class honours in 2003.
In 2006 Joy joined Birkbeck, University of London where she used the Demonstration of a Compact Imaging X-ray Spectrometer (D-CIXS) instrument, part of the SMART-1 mission, to study X-ray fluorescence from lunar samples.
In 2007 Joy was appointed a postdoctoral research fellow at Birkbeck, where she performed mineralogical and geochemical investigations into lunar rock and used this to understand chemical information collected from remote sensing.
She moved to the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) in 2011, where she spent three months searching for lunar meteorites in the Miller Range in Antarctica.
The Antarctic is well suited to the identification of meteorites; it is cold enough to preserve them but white enough for the dark meteorites to stand out.
She led the first UK team to recover meteorite samples from Antarctica in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey (BAS); the Polar Meteorite Exploration and Research programme.
One of the 4.3 billion year old meteorites studied by Joy contained evidence of active volcanoes on Mars, a surprising finding that indicated volcanic activity started hundreds of millions of years before it had previously been estimated.
She found fragments of ancient asteroids in the rocks brought back by the Apollo 16 mission, which indicates that primitive asteroids regularly bombarded the moon over 3.4 billion years ago.
Joy joined the University of Manchester in 2012, where she was awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (URF) to study lunar meteorites.
She is a member of the European Space Agency Package for Resource Observation and in-Situ Prospecting for Exploration, Commercial exploitation and Transportation (PROSPECT) drill - the Sample Excavation and Extraction Device.
Stormzy officially announced the album through his social media on 19 November, revealing the track list and cover art, which shows him holding the bulletproof vest featuring a black-and-white Union Flag that he wore during his set at the Glastonbury Festival 2019, designed by Banksy.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 17 reviews.
West Germany defeated Switzerland in the Zone A final, and Yugoslavia defeated Hungary in the Zone B final, resulting in both West Germany and Yugoslavia being promoted to the 1984 World Group.
The church organ with 22 voices is created by the Brødrene Torkildsen and the three church bells by Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry.
It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in January 2020, becoming Stormzy's third UK number one, and second as a lead artist.
In 1985 American Cyanamid had an accidental release of this chemical from its Linden plant, and it was smelled 32 km away.
Born in Yorkshire at Bardsey in 1837, Bleakley made his debut in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at The Oval in July 1858, later playing in the return fixture played at Salford in August.
He made a fourth and final appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at Salford in 1860.
In his four first-class matches, Whittington scored 40 runs with a high score of 19, while with the ball he took 2 wickets.
Twin sisters Mary Lockett Hutson Nelson (1884-1982) and Sophie Palmer Hutson Rollins (1884-1983) were the first women to complete the civil engineering program (in 1903) at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University).
At that time, the school was an all-male military school (as it would remain until 1963), but the sisters were allowed to attend because their father, Charles Woodward Hutson, was an English and history professor.
After finishing the coursework for the 4-year civil engineering program in 1903, they received certificates of completion signed by faculty members, but not diplomas.
After college, Mary worked for A. M. Lockett Co., a New Orleans engineering firm and designed water pumping facilities in New Orleans, Mississippi and Texas.
Their degrees were awarded posthumously in 2002, ninety-nine years after they completed the program, at an event commemorating A&M's 125th year.
Un Quijote sin mancha is a 1969 Mexican comedy film directed by Miguel M. Delgado and starring Cantinflas, Ángel Garasa, Lupita Ferrer and Susana Salvat.
Justo works as a law intern in the prestigious law firm of the Manceras, lawyers whose clientele is usually the elite.
This, combined with the disgust he experiences in having to serve corrupt clients, leads Justo to resign, to devote himself to the defense of those who do not have with what to pay.
He releases Cirilo Pingarrón, a young man who is accused of stealing a television from the store where he works, from prison.
Justo also calls attention to the fact that the store owner (a Spaniard whose accent is almost incomprehensible) pays Isidro only forty pesos a week, which he argues is far from being what establishes the law.
In another case, Justo also helps Sara Buenrostro (Susana Salvat), a young widow who wants to take her daughter away because she works as a nightclub dancer.
He points out the hypocrisy of the accusers, indicating that the accusing lawyer (one of the Manceras with whom Justo had previously worked) has been seen sunbathing with a colleague's secretary.
The shame, combined with the fact that Justo had gotten Mrs. Buenrostro another job as a telephone operator, causes the demand to be withdrawn, and the young mother keeps her daughter.
The neighborhood in which Justo lives, meanwhile, is under threat of the owner throwing out the tenants in order to raise rents.
Justo takes their defense, and in a meeting called with the owner, Justo (taking advantage that he had bought a phone that had not yet been connected) pretends to have a telephone conversation with the Undersecretary of Health, including making the owner believe of a new law that would punish the lack of maintenance of homes with jail.
Feeling threatened by the new law, and following the advice of Justo, the businessman not only decides not to throw out the tenants, but to make several fix-ups in the houses.
The same judge who presided over the case of Mrs. Buenrostro asks Justo to go find his son, who has left the home to devote himself to the hippie lifestyle.
Justo dresses as a hippie to enter a club frequented by hippies where he finds the young man, and while trying to convince him to return home, the club is raided by the police and take everyone to jail, including Justo, whom they see as another of the hippies.
Professor Arvide hears the news that Justo has been taken to jail, and runs to the police station to take him out, but leaves in such a hurry that he forgets to change his clothes and arrives dressed in pajamas, so the police take him for another hippie and put him in jail with Justo.
He is just about to declare his love for Angélica, when she announces that she and the businessman's son are engaged.
During the party, Professor Arvide, while dancing with Angélica, suffers an attack; Justo accompanies him to his apartment, where the professor, after giving some final advice to Justo, dies.
In the last scene, a few days after the professor's death, many of the characters Justo has been able to help come to his home/office to thank him for his service.
The film premiered two weeks before the first anniversary of the Tlatelolco massacre, which is not specifically mentioned in the film.
He appeared, in the end, like an ambivalent old parson, simultaneously seduced by the sins of youth and terrified for his immortal soul.
The Business Archives Council is an organisation based in London that exists to promote the preservation of business records of historical significance.
Aboriginal Australian identity, sometimes known as Aboriginality, is the perception of oneself as Aboriginal Australian, or the recognition by others of that identity.
No real attempt to define the term legally was made until the 1980s, despite use of the term twice in the 1901 Constitution of Australia (before these were removed in 1967).
Various factors affect Aboriginal people's self-identification as Aboriginal, including a growing pride in culture, solidarity in a shared history of dispossession (including the Stolen Generations), and, among those are fair-skinned, an increased willingness to acknowledge their ancestors, once considered shameful.
Successive censuses have shown those identifying as Indigenous (Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander) at a rate far exceeding the growth of the whole Australian population.
A legal historian estimated in 1991 that at least 67 classifications, descriptions or definitions to determine who is an Aboriginal person had been used by governments since white settlement in Australia.
Until the 1980s, the sole legal and administrative criterion for inclusion in this category was race, classified according to visible physical characteristics or known ancestors.
The purpose of this provision was to give the Commonwealth power to regulate non-white immigrant workers, who would follow work opportunities interstate.
The purpose of Section 127 was to prevent the inclusion of Aboriginal people in Section 24 determinations of the distribution of House of Representatives seats amongst the states and territories.
Between 1981 and 1986, a rise of 42% of people identifying as Aboriginal occurred across Australian census areas (see also separate section below).
In 1988, as part of bicentennial celebrations, Prime Minister Bob Hawke was presented with a statement of Aboriginal political objectives by Galarrwuy Yunupingu and Wenten Rubuntja, in what became known as The Barunga Statement.
The 1981 Report added impetus to the definition, and it was soon adopted by all Government departments for determining eligibility to certain services and benefits.
In the Tasmanian Dam Case of 1983, the High Court of Australia was asked to determine whether Commonwealth legislation, whose application could relate to Aboriginal peopleparts of the World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 (Cth) as well as related legislationwas supported by Section 51(xxvi) in its new form.
While Deane's three-part definition reaches beyond the biological criterion to an individual's self-identification, it has been criticised as continuing to accept the biological criterion as primary.
The Commonwealth Definition continued to be used administratively and legislatively, notably in the Mabo case, which in 1992 recognised native title in Australia for the first time.
However, debate about the definition became heated, particularly in Tasmania, over whether the emphasis should be on identification by self and/or community or by descent.
The Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre (TAC) emphasised evidence of descent, and started refusing services to people who had previously been identified as Aboriginal.
A report commissioned by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) found that people seeking to identify as Aboriginal should satisfy all three criteria, and should provide documentary evidence to show a direct line of ancestry through a family name linking them to traditional Aboriginal society at the time of colonisation of Tasmania.
After 1999 ATSIC election, questions were raised about the Aboriginality of many of the 824 voters and some of those who were elected.
Evidence from biographies has shown that, unlike white people, Aboriginal people do not define themselves in terms of race, but rather culture; Aboriginal historian Victoria Grieves says that the recency of one's Aboriginal ancestors does not determine one's identification as Aboriginal.
Academic Gordon Briscoe has also proposed that, among many other factors, Indigenous health has historically shaped this identity, particularly in relation to British settlement of Australia.
Aboriginal music has been positively utilised in public performances to non-participating audiences to further enhance public recognition in, and the development of, Aboriginal identity within modern Australia.
Historian Rebe Taylor, who specialises in Australian Indigenous peoples and European settlement, has been critical of negative associations of Aboriginal identity, such as with the Australian welfare system.
The numbers of Indigenous-identifying people have grown since 1986 at a rate far exceeding that of the whole population and what would be expected from natural increase.
This rise has been attributed to various factors, including increased preparedness to identify as Indigenous and by the propensity for children of mixed partnerships to identify as Indigenous.
One possible confounding factor is that the census question allows a person to acknowledge both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origins but does not allow a person to acknowledge both Indigenous and non-Indigenous origins – perhaps leading to the expectation that people of mixed Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal origin will identify as Aboriginal.
In urban Australia there is a high proportion of such mixed partnerships (incidentally, much higher than black/white partnerships in the United States).
By 2002, it appeared that there was likely to be a narrowing of the gap between the socioeconomic indicators of the two groups, particularly in urban areas, leading to government policy possibly moving away from Indigenous-specific services or benefits in these areas.
Mendocino itself was founded in 1852 as a logging community for what became the Mendocino Lumber Company, and was originally named Meiggsville after Meiggs.
Back Creek drains of area, receives about 46.8 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 374.06 and is about 52% forested.
Mendocino itself was founded in 1852 as a logging community for what became the Mendocino Lumber Company, and was originally named Meiggsville after Meiggs.
Elizabeth Gascoigne (9 September 1812 – 23 February 1893) was a Victorian era woman and the heiress to the Gascoigne estate.
Eventually becoming the main owner of Lotherton hall in Leeds which is now owned by Leeds city council (since 1968) as part of the Leeds Museums and Galleries.
She was a woman of many talents dabbling in writing books, designing stain glass windows, playing the harp and being a charitable contributor to the community of Leeds mainly Aberford and Ashtown in Ireland.
Her works on stain glass have been held in exhibitions and many of the buildings her and her sister commissioned are still part of the communities that they lived in.
Parlington Hall which was the family home was given to the eldest of the sisters (Mary) and Lotherton Hall given to Elizabeth.
Elizabeth and her sister where very active in their community, rebuilding a church at Garforth and homes in the local area.
In 1844 the Gascoigne sister commissioned the building of Almshuses, on the old great north road (A1), to commemorate the memory of their father and two brothers.
The homes where built for four people, two men and two women, retired tenants of the Gascoigne estate The building featured stain glass windows believed to have been designed by the sister and where featured in an exhibition in 2004 at Lotherton Hall .
Additionally, during the potato famine of 1846–1847 they travelled to Ireland to help out the workers of Castle Oliver an estate owned by their father.
In 1893 Elizabeth died on the 23 February aged 80 in Montreux Switzerland and was buried on the 25 February in Territet Switzerland.
Elizabeth Gascoigne’s legacy lives on in Lotherton hall where there is a portrait of her, another with her sister and one portrait of all four siblings.
In addition to this the Almshouses which she and her sister built to commemorate their father and brothers memory still stand today and are used as offices.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 17 and UHF channel 17, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
It awards LLB, LLM and PhD degrees, and also provides professional legal education including the Graduate Diploma in Law conversion course, the Legal Practice Course, for intending solicitors, and the Bar Professional Training Course for intending barristers.
Professional legal training can be traced back to its antecedent institute, the Holborn College of Law, Languages and Commerce, which was founded in 1960.
The school offers education at all levels of legal qualification, including a three-year undergraduate Bachelor of Laws (LLB) programme, a two-year Graduate Entry LLB degree programme, a one-year Masters of Law (LLM) and the Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL) course (formerly known as the Common Professional Examination).
The school teaches the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) for intending barristers, and the Legal Practice Course (LPC) for intending solicitors.
The School provides both BPTC and LPC students with the ability to apply for a LLM degree with an additional dissertation to be completed over the summer.
The purpose of the BPTC Association is to provide parties and social activities for those students at Westminster Law School reading for the Bar.
The Committee Officers are the President, Vice President, Social Secretary and Treasurer, all of which are elected by the BPTC students.
Westminster Law Society is a student led society at the University of Westminster that caters for social and professional events aimed at both Law and non-Law students.
Bowring was born in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England, to Margaret Grace Brook (1917-1999) and Edgar Rennie Harvey Bowring (1915-2001), a solicitor and insurance professional.
Under a Goldsmiths Company scholarship, he then studied as a research student at the University of Khartoum, Sudan, for a year.
In that 1994 settlement, Bowring agreed not to say or imply that the younger Lee had attained his position through nepotism by his father Lee Kuan Yew.
Maryory Estefanny Cristina Sánchez Panibra (born 7 April 1997) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Sporting Cristal and the Peru women's national team.
Sánchez represented Peru at the 2013 South American U-17 Women's Championship and two South American U-20 Women's Championship editions (2014 and 2015).
The Royal Commission on Technical Instruction was a British Royal Commission that sat from 1881 until 1884 and was chaired by Sir Bernhard Samuelson.
Volume I was made up of general reports on technical education on the Continent and in Britain, with reports on manufacturing and schools.
Volume II contained a report by H. M. Jenkins on agricultural education in Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark and Holland, with a report on technical education in the United States and on Canadian elementary education by William Mather.
Volumes III, IV and V contained Thomas Wardle's report on the silk industry, Professor Sullivan's plan for Irish technical education and the minutes of evidence and appendices.
[I]t is our duty to state that, although the display of continental manufacturers at the Paris International Exhibition in 1878 had led us to expect great progress, we were not prepared for so remarkable a development of their natural resources, nor for such perfection in their industrial establishments as we actually found.
Your commissioners cannot repeat too often that they have been impressed with the general intelligence and technical knowledge of the masters and managers of industrial establishments on the Continent.
The Western Power Station (Danish: Vestre Elektricitets Værk) is a former power station located at the corner of Tietgensgade and Bernstorffsgade in central Copenhagen, Denmark.
The two existing 30/6 kV transformers were supplemented by a third transformer in 194 and a fourth transformer was added in i 1957.
Some existing roofs had to be raised to make space for technical installations in connection with the conversion 2011-14 conversion into a district cooling plant, creating a new superstructure in patterned brickwork.
The plant has a capacity of 18 MW and supplies Copenhagen City Hall, the Danish National Archives and a number of major hotels and office buildings with environmentally friendly cooling, produced with the aid of sea water from the harbour.
The administration office has 12 staff members and comprises meeting facilities, workshops, storage rooms, shower and changing rooms for 30 people together with a kitchen and lunch room.
Four days after the people of Milan had driven the Austrian Imperial Army out of the city during the Five Days of Milan, the Provisional Government of Milan raised two cavalry regiments: Lombard Chevau-légers Regiment () and the Lombard Dragoons Regiment ().
On 5 September of the same year both regiments were integrated in the Royal Sardinian Army of the Kingdom of Sardinia to fight in the First Italian War of Independence.
On 15 March 1849 the two regiments were merged as 7th Regiment of Cavalry and on 3 January 1850 the regiment was renamed Regiment Cavalleggeri di Saluzzo (.
During the Second Italian War of Independence the regiment fought at San Martino and during the Third Italian War of Independence at Battle of Custoza (1866).
Equipped with Fiat Campagnola reconnaissance vehicles and M47 Patton tanks the squadrons group continued in the role of the Folgore's divisional reconnaissance unit.
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to draw down its forces and the Vittorio Veneto was one of the first brigades to disband.
On 31 January 1991 the Cavalleggeri di Saluzzo were disbanded and its war flag transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
It is named after Tinkar Khola river, a tributary of the Mahakali River, which it joins near the village of Chhangru.
At the top of the Tinkar valley near the Tibet border is the Tinkar Pass (5,258 m), which has traditionally provided the trading route for the Byansis of the region for the Tibetan trading centre Burang.
After the unification of Nepal in the 18th century, Nepal expanded northwest and conquered the kingdoms of Kumaon as well as Garhwal.
In that year, during the Anglo-Nepalese War, the British general Ochterlony evicted the Nepalese from Garhwal and Kumaon across the Mahakali River.
After agreeing the Treaty of Sugauli, which made a territorial settlement, the Nepalese appealed to the British governor general that they were entitled to the areas to the southeast of the Mahakali River.
The British conceded the demand, and the Tinkar Valley with its large villages of Chhangru and Tinkar was transferred to Nepal.
The British, however, retained the areas to the northwest of the Mahakali River, including the Kuthi Valley and the Kalapani territory near the headwaters of the Mahakali.
This being the precise geographical description of the location of the Tinkar Pass, the Border Pillar numbered 1 of the China–Nepal border was placed here.
After the 1962 border war between India and China, India closed the Lipulekh Pass at the top of the Kalapani river valley.
Stephannie Ethiel Vásquez Coronel (born 24 June 1994) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a right back for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
The elections were held a week after the elections to the federal National Assembly, and were the first elections of Prussian institutions held using proportional representation and with women's suffrage.
The election was also the first truly free and fair Prussian election, as it was the first election held after the abolition of the Prussian three-class franchise, which greatly overrepresented wealthy landowners and disenfranchised lower classes.
SPD politician Paul Hirsch, who had been appointed Minister-President of Prussia in November 1918, continued in office, and was succeeded by Otto Braun in early 1920.
In 1911 she joined the Cuyahoga Woman's Suffrage Association, going on the serve as the first Vice President of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association.
DuPont was also a civil rights and trade activist, specifically as a pro-labor shareholder activist at Bethlehem Steel and Montgomery Ward.
State elections were held in the Free State of Prussia on 20 February 1921 to elect 406 of the 428 members of the Landtag of Prussia.
The governing coalition of the Social Democratic Party, Centre Party, and German Democratic Party suffered major losses, losing one-third of its collective voteshare from 1919, but retained a narrow majority.
The right-liberal German People's Party (DVP) and reactionary nationalist German National People's Party (DNVP) made the largest gains, with the DNVP becoming the second largest party by voteshare.
No election was held on the constituency of Oppeln due to the Upper Silesia plebiscite, which was held one month after the state elections.
The discrepancy between these results meant that the Centre Party held more seats in the Landtag than the DNVP after the 1921 election, despite winning fewer votes.
No election took place in constituency #9 (Oppeln); for this purpose, members of this constituency elected in the 1919 election retained their seats.
This is a list of hotels in Ponce, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico's second largest city outside the San Juan metropolitan area.
When a hotel consists of more than one building structure, the number of floors given is that of the tallest structure.
It has a flash point of more than 60° C, and works as a forming fluid in metalworking, as a household cleaner, a household polisher, and as a liquid vaporizer.
it is not available to the general public in its pure form, but may be found in the ingredients lists of some cleaning agents and solvents.
Point Cabrillo is a sandstone headland on the Pacific Ocean coast of Mendocino County, California, between the towns of Mendocino, California and Fort Bragg, California.
It was named in 1870 by the United States Geological Survey after the Portuguese explorer João Rodrigues Cabrilho, although Cabrillo's voyage of exploration on behalf of Spain along the California coast did not reach as far north as the point.
State elections were held in the Free State of Prussia on 7 December 1924 to elect all 450 members of the Landtag of Prussia.
The governing coalition of the Social Democratic Party, Centre Party, and German Democratic Party made minimal gains or losses, with most change happening amongst the opposition.
The German National People's Party made significant gains, nearly surpassing the SPD as the largest party, while the Independent Social Democratic Party collapsed.
The National Socialist Freedom Party, a branch of the Nazi Party formed after the Beer Hall Putsch, won 2.5% of the vote and 11 seats.
State elections were held in the Free State of Prussia on 20 May 1928 to elect all 450 members of the Landtag of Prussia.
State elections were held in the Free State of Prussia on 24 April 1932 to elect all 423 members of the Landtag of Prussia.
The coalition of the Social Democratic Party, Centre Party, and German Democratic Party (now the German State Party), which had governed Prussia since 1919, lost its majority.
Prussia used the constructive vote of no confidence, meaning a government could be removed from office only if there was a positive majority for a prospective successor.
No parliamentary force held a majority, but since none were willing to cooperate with any of the others, the SPD-led coalition could not be removed.
Prussia remained under direct control of the federal government until April 1933 when, at the behest of Adolf Hitler under the Enabling Act of 1933, state elections were held in Prussia.
The Nazis failed to win a majority, but later gained one after the banning of the Communist Party and the arrest of opposition deputies.
After the conclusion of the Second World War, Prussia was dissolved by a declaration of the Allied Control Council on 25 February 1947.
Collection is a 2017 album by American indie rock artist Soccer Mommy made up of retooled versions of her bedroom pop recordings originally posted on Bandcamp.
Writing for Pitchfork Media, Evan Rytlewski gave the album a 6.7 out of 10, praising the artist's elaboration of her bedroom pop recordings but criticizing repetitive songwriting and a lack of experience at recording.
Tu Shao-chieh (born 2 January 1999) is an Taiwanese professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Ming Chuan University and the Chinese Taipei national team.
It earned its first of three Silver Medals of Military Valour at the Battle of Bu Meliana during the Italo-Turkish War, and the second two years later, when the regiment charged Libyan rebels at Monterus Nero.
In July 1918 the regiment was sent to the Western Front in France and fought at Reims, Chemin des Dames, Sissonne, and on the Meuse.
On 20 November 1942 the group arrived in Tunisia to fight in the Tunisian campaign, where it distinguished itself at Gabès during the Battle of Wadi Akarit and Enfidha during Operation Strike, earning its third Silver Medal of Military Valour.
Equipped with Fiat Campagnola reconnaissance vehicles and M47 Patton tanks the squadrons group continued in the role of the Cenatauro's divisional reconnaissance unit.
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to draw down its forces and the Brescia was one of the first brigades to disband.
On 27 July 1991 the brigade was deactivated along with most of its subordinate units and the Cavalleggeri di Lodi joined the 3rd Army Corps.
The Command and Logistic Support Squadron fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The three reconnaissance squadrons are equipped with VTLM Lince vehicles and Centauro tank destroyers, the latter of which are scheduled to be replaced by Freccia reconnaissance vehicles.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 30 and UHF channel 30, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
Marguerite Shue-wen Chang (張葉學文; June 21, 1923 – May 5, 2012) was a Chinese-born American research chemist and inventor, awarded the Federal Woman's Award in 1973 for her work in the United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory, based in Maryland.
She earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. in organic chemistry at Tulane University, where she was an associate member of the Sigma Xi honor society.
From 1959 she worked at the United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory in Maryland, developing propellants for missiles and rockets, working on safety procedures for the manufacture and use of propellants.
She was named as an inventor on several patents, assigned to the United States government between 1976 and 1986, for processes, production methods and chemical compositions.
Chang is included in Conversations 760-009 and 871-009 of the White House Tapes, in the Oval Office for a photo sessions with President Richard Nixon and others in August 1972 and March 1973.
The couple moved to the United States together in 1946, and had two sons while Marguerite Chang was a graduate student at Tulane University.
Clifford C. Parks (April 18, 1860 – June 21, 1937) was an American politician and businessman who served as the state auditor for Colorado from 1894 to 1896 and as mayor of Glenwood Springs multiple times.
In 1887 he was appointed by President Harrison as the receiver of the land office in Glenwood Springs which Parks would hold until 1891.
In 1894 he was given the Republican nomination for state auditor at the state convention with 558 votes against E. L. Price's 394.
During Colorado's gubernatorial election in 1912 Parks ran for the Republican nomination although he supported allowing attorney Philip B. Stewart to petition his way onto the Republican primary ballot where Parks would narrowly defeat him.
In early June Parks went to a Rochester, Minnesota hospital for an operation, but two weeks later died on June 21, 1937.
The Innocent Casimiro (Italian: L'innocente Casimiro) is a 1945 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Campogalliani and starring Erminio Macario, Lea Padovani and Olinto Cristina.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 15 and UHF channel 15, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
Apple of Universal Gravity, also referred to by its Japanese title , is a compilation album by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena.
It was released through EMI Music Japan on November 13, 2019, and became Sheena's first number-one album in Japan in 10 years, debuting atop the Oricon Albums Chart with 97,200 physical sales.
Aleksejs Grjaznovs (born 1 October 1997) is a Latvian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Valmiera Glass ViA and the Latvia national team.
Grjaznovs made his international debut for Latvia on 19 November 2019 in a UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying match against Austria, which finished as a 1–0 home win.
Monlouis made his professional debut for the Saint Lucia in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League 1-0 win over the Dominican Republic on 16 November 2019.
Macfarlane was born in Scotland, came to Kingston soon after the War of 1812, and spent time in Oswego, New York where he married Isura Carrington in April of 1834.
Macfarlane took on F. M. Hill as a partner in 1832, Hill continuing for two more years before withdrawing from paper.
Francis Manning Hill (1809 - 1854) was mayor of Kingston in 1849 and 1851, and his home Hillcroft was later used by Alexander Campbell, a father of Confederation.
To Sleep in a Sea of Stars is an upcoming science fiction fantasy book written by Christopher Paolini and published under the Tor imprint of Macmillan Publishers.
In an interview, Paolini has described the series as adult oriented instead of the young adult genre exhibited in his previous books.
Artis became the first Black person to be appointed be appointed to a policy-making municipal agency in Indianapolis when he was a named a member of the Indianapolis Board of Health and Hospitals.
He studied at Butler University before transferring to the University of Chicago where he earned his bachelor of arts in 1933.
Artis served on the board of 23 organizations in Indianapolis and volunteered for many, including the Community Health Association, Community Service Council of Metropolitan Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Urban League, YMCA, Community Action Against Poverty, Meals on Wheels, Girl Scouts, and more.
While serving as assistant secretary at YMCA, communicated with James Weldon Johnson about the possibility of King Nana Amoah III, of the Fastis in the Gold Coast of Africa, visiting the city during his visit across country visiting Black communities.
He became the first Black person to be appointed to a policy-making municipal agency when he was named to the board of the Indianapolis Board of Health and Hospitals.
He was also honored by the Indianapolis Urban League, the Jewish Community Relations Council, Family Service Association, and Fall Creek YMCA.
Skateparks are expensive: as part of a larger project, Virginia Beach in 2017 was considering a park costing $1 million, to be piggy-backed upon a much more expensive waste water management project.
It hosted a 1986 professional competition, a Vert skateboarding contest, outside of which Mike Vallely was noticed by pros and was given a start.
The City of Norfolk observed, in 2019, Go Skateboarding Day (an international event which started as an annual, national event in 2004).
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Bandar Seri Begawan () is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to Brunei Darussalam.
Gold Sunrise on Magic Mountain is a live album by American jazz vocalist and percussionist Leon Thomas recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1971 and released by Mega Records on their Flying Dutchman Series.
The Great Lakes Pilotage Authority () is a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada, which was established as a result of recommendations made by the Royal Commission on Pilotage in Canada, by the Pilotage Act in February 1972.
The corporation is responsible for pilotage through Canadian waters in Manitoba and Ontario, as well as waters in Quebec south of the Saint-Lambert Lock.
In international waters (predominantly the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway), pilotage is a shared responsibility between the Great Lakes Pilotage Authority and American pilot associations.
Thar Peak is a mountain summit located in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area, in the North Cascades of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
It is situated at the east end of Zopkios Ridge, immediately west of the Falls Lake exit at Coquihalla Summit, and east of Yak Peak.
The mountain was named for the thar, a Himalayan animal, and part of the ungulate names theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of Vancouver.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Thar Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The Oushan X7 debuted on the 2019 Shanghai Auto Show and was launched on the Chinese auto market right after with prices ranging from 79,900 yuan to 119,900 yuan.
The Oushan X7 was branded under Oushan, Changan’s affordable premium brand, a sub-brand that focuses on building passenger vehicles which was separated from the Oushang brand.
Taylors Creek drains of area, receives about 46.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 374.12 and is about 65% forested.
The NASL Championship was the annual championship competition of the North American Soccer League (NASL), which formed the second division of American soccer from 2011 to 2017.
The competition was held at the end of the regular season and was contested by the two finalists of the playoffs to determine the winner of the NASL Trophy, known as the Soccer Bowl Trophy.
The tournament is named for the Soccer Bowl from the original incarnation of the NASL, which ran from 1967 to 1984.
For the 2014 season, a new format was introduced, called the NASL Championship, with the final game being called the NASL Championship Final and the trophy the Soccer Bowl trophy.
In 2014 the format was tweaked again, and the game was renamed the NASL Championship Final, with the trophy being referred to as the Soccer Bowl Trophy.
On October 22, 2011, the day their inaugural championship series got underway in Minnesota, the new NASL unveiled its championship trophy.
The Kingston News-Standard was a daily/weekly newspaper published in Kingston, Ontario, Canada from 1839 to 1925, publishing daily from at least 1868 to at least 1887.
Samuel was a clerk for the courts in Kingston, having come to the town from Cobourg where he married his wife Mary Dudden in 1841.
His tack and tone gave way to the paper becoming known as the standard bearer for the political Conservatives in Kingston.
One source cites the Shannon family at the paper consisting of older brother Alfred as printer, youngest brother Albert as a reporter, James as editor, and Lewis William as publisher/editor.
The Laurentian Pilotage Authority () is a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada, which was established as a result of recommendations made by the Royal Commission on Pilotage in Canada, by the Pilotage Act in February 1972.
The corporation is responsible for pilotage through Canadian waters in Quebec north of the Saint-Lambert Lock, excluding Chaleur Bay south of Cap d'Espoir.
Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 31W (US 31W) in Louisville and its northern terminus is at KY 1020 in Louisville.
He studied at the Naval Medical School in Tokyo, then went abroad to study at Cooper Medical College, graduating in 1891.
After graduation, Mori was recruited by the Hawaiian Kingdom to care for Japanese workers at a sugar plantation in Olaa, near Hilo.
After the Chinatown fire in 1900, Mori worked as a member of the Japanese Benevolent Society to start a charity hospital, which later became Kuakini Medical Center.
Mori held leadership positions in community organizations such as the Japanese Benevolent Society, the United Japanese Society, the Higher Wage Association, and the Institute of Pacific Relations.
Unlike his son, Motokazu Mori, and his daughter in law, Ishiko Mori, he was quickly released and was not incarcerated on the mainland.
The Pacific Pilotage Authority () is a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada, which was established as a result of recommendations made by the Royal Commission on Pilotage in Canada, by the Pilotage Act in 1972.
Spotify confessed to have spent over $56 million to acquire Parcast, however the total compensation has been reported well above that at over $100 million, making Parcast one of the largest podcasting platform mergers in US history and largest single acquisition of Spotify's $400 million acquisition programme.
Parcast's original focus was on producing scripted true crime series, but their scope expanded into the mystery, science fiction, and history genres as well as fictional audiodramas.
Parcast currently produces over 40 daily and weekly shows, supported by a team of more than 75 voice actors, producers, and scriptwriters.
The Superfine Dandelion was founded in 1967 by Mike McFadden, a member of the Mile Ends, a further Phoenix garage rock band.
Northern River (Japanese :ノーザンリバー, foaled April 12, 2008) is an Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2011 Arlington Cup.
This win helped earn Northern River a place in the Grade-1, 2011 Satsuki Sho, where he finished in a disappointing 15th place.
In February, he came in 4th at the 2014 February Stakes, and then won the Tokyo Spring in April, and won the Sakitama Cup in Urawa in May.
The National Registration actually took place in October and November 1915 but the bill empowering conscription by the government did not pass until 1 August 1916.
The camp was built in haste in the last quarter of 1915 more than 12 months after the first world war or Great War began.
A branch railway line from Featherston —in fact the start of the intended Martinborough branch railway— was a mile and a half long.
A larger camp than Trentham Camp the accommodation was also built to a better standard with large windows and all buildings clear of the ground.
In the centre of each hutment there was a concrete-built space with a stove and wire netting for drying clothes and gear overnight.
Buildings demolished by a special contractor produced 50,000 feet of totara, matai, kauri, rimu and hardwood timber auctioned in August 1922.
Blues and the Soulful Truth is an album by American jazz vocalist and percussionist Leon Thomas recorded in 1972 and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
Fu (), sometimes translated as prefecture or superior prefecture, was a type of administrative division in historical China from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty.
Ochai Young Agbaji (born April 20, 2000) is an American college basketball player for the Kansas Jayhawks of the Big 12 Conference.
He grew up playing soccer, upon his father's encouragement, and played club soccer and Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) basketball from a young age.
In his basketball career at Oak Park, Agbaji did not receive offers from any Power Five college programs until his senior season.
In early January 2019, his redshirt was lifted because Kansas needed depth after Udoka Azubuike suffered a season-ending injury and Silvio De Sousa faced eligibility issues.
On January 29, Agbaji made his first career start and scored 24 points, seven rebounds, and two steals in a loss to Texas.
On November 5, 2019, Agbaji made his sophomore season debut and scored 15 points in a loss to fourth-ranked Duke at the Champions Classic.
The latter believes his father is a macho, but this is not true; Jai is meek, to the point that he would surrender rather than fight.
But when Jai witnesses a murder committed by the dreaded gangster Raka, he must find the courage to testify in court.
It was produced by Gulshan Kumar of T-Series, and the screenplay was written by Bhagyaraj, while Nawab Arzoo wrote the dialogues.
Weaver Levy was a Chinese American character actor who had a long career in Hollywood that began in the 1940s and continued through the early 1980s.
In 2011, Shree Bose, then 17 years old and living in Fort Worth, Texas, won the grand prize and $50,000 for her research on the chemotherapy drug, cisplatin, that is commonly taken by women with ovarian cancer, tackling the problem of cancer cells growing resistant to cisplatin over time.
She conducted the research for her science fair project under the mentorship of Dr. Alakananda Basu at the University of North Texas Health Science Center.
Bose gave a talk alongside Lauren Hodge and Naomi Shah—the two other winners of the 2011 Google Science Fair—about their projects and paths in science at TEDxWomen 2011.
In 2014, she co-founded Piper, a STEM education company creates computer engineering kits that teach kids about engineering through the game of Minecraft.
On March 21, 2014, Bose spoke on a panel, moderated by Bill Clinton, at a Clinton Global Initiative University conference held at Arizona State University, along with Jimmy Wales, John McCain, Saudi Arabian women's rights activist Manal al-Sharif.
She attended Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts where she was featured as one of the 15 Most Interesting Seniors by the Harvard Crimson.
in Molecular and Cellular Biology in May 2016, and is now studying for an MD and Ph.D. at Duke University School of Medicine.
It is a rare mineral that was named after Soviet geologist Yuri Bilibin (1901–1952), who researched the geology of gold deposits during the time of the USSR.
In 1952, she was returned to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries where she served as an oceanographic inspection boat.
Andy Ho (born Andrew Chin Guan Ho) was a Singapore-born film and television actor who worked in London and Hollywood from the 1950s through the 1980s.
It is the main race within the annual Great Ocean Road Running Festival, which also includes 60km, 23km and 6km runs, 5km and 10km walks and a 1.5km Kids Gallop.
Earl broke the previous record of 2:27:42 set in 2011 by James Kipkelwon of Kenya, who also won the event in 2012.
Hasimnagar is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Falta police station in the Falta CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
Hasimnagar, Baneshwarpur of the Falta CD block and Ajodhyanagar, Sirakol of the Magrahat I CD block form a cluster of census towns.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Hasimnagar had a total population of 5,267 of which 2,689 (51%) were males and 2,578 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Sirakol 1 km away.
Principal photography of the film began on 12 November 2019 in Birmingham and was expected to wrap on 22 December 2019.
Iftikhar Thakur in an interview disclosed that Zafri Khan and Rubi Anam are also part of cast, and will play pivotal roles in the film.
The opera was performed for the first time in New York in 2017 and this production was recorded on audio supports.
Its southern terminus is at the end of state maintenance in Louisville and its northern terminus is at KY 1934 and KY 6146 in Louisville.
The indentation size effect (ISE) is the observation that hardness tends to increase as the indent size decreases at small scales.
When an indent (any small mark, but usually made with a special tool) is created during material testing, the hardness of the material is not constant.
Materials contain statistically stored dislocations (SSD) which are created by homogeneous strain and are dependent upon the material and processing conditions.
Geometrically necessary dislocations on the other hand are formed, in addition to the dislocations statistically present, to maintain continuity within the material.
Theory suggests that plastic flow is impacted by both strain and the size of the strain gradient experienced in the material.
For practical purposes this effect means that hardness in the low micro and nano regimes cannot be directly compared if measured using different loads.
However, the benefit of this effect is that it can be used to measure the effects of strain gradients on plasticity.
The Bugle from Gutian () is a 2019 Chinese historical film directed by Chen Li and starring Wang Renjun, Wang Zhifei, Liu Zhiyang, Hu Bing, Zhang Yishan, Sun Weimin, and Li Youbin.
The film premiered in China on August 1, 2019, to commemorate the establishment of 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.
The film premiered at the Great Hall of the People on July 26, 2019, and opened in China on August 1, 2019.
The Mark 105 Hotpoint was a airdropped nuclear bomb developed for the United States Navy using the 11 kiloton W34 warhead.
It was developed in the 1950s as the first nuclear bomb purposely designed for laydown delivery (bunker buster) but could also be used for airburst or as a depth charge.
The bomb was 8 to 12 feet long depending on how it was carried, 19 inches in diameter, and weighed 1700 pounds.
Baneshwarpur is a census town within the jurisdicition of the Falta police station in the Falta CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
Hasimnagar, Baneshwarpur of the Falta CD block and Ajodhyanagar, Sirakol of the Magrahat I CD block form a cluster of census towns.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Baneshwarpur had a total population of 4,741 of which 2,423 (51%) were males and 2,318 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary schools, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Sirakol 0.5 km away.
Muhammad Yogi Novrian (born on November 13, 1994) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays for PSPS Riau in the Liga 2 as a winger.
2-(Ethylamino)-1,2-diphenylethanone (also known as α-ethylamino-deoxybenzoin, [α-(Ethylamino)benzyl]-(phenyl)-ketone and βk-Ephenidine) is a chemical compound which was first invented in 1955, researched by ICI in 1969 as an antidepressant, and subsequently claimed by AstraZeneca as an inhibitor of the enzyme 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.
No other pharmacological data has been disclosed, though its chemical structure closely resembles that of certain designer drug compounds such as ephenidine and N-ethylhexedrone.
Dean Stockwell is an American actor whose accolades include two Cannes Best Actor Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Golden Globe nominations, one Academy Award nomination, and four Primetime Emmy Award nominations.
He would earn a further two Golden Globe nominations for the series in this category, as well as four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.
The Academy Awards are a set of awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually for excellence of cinematic achievements.
The Golden Globe Award is an accolade bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.
The Primetime Emmy Awards are presented annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, also known as the Television Academy, to recognize and honor achievements in the television industry.
Typically, electoral districts cover several administrative districts of an oblast or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, or a medium-sized city or a part of a large city.
They consist of electoral precincts (usually about one hundred of them in each electoral district), which are territorial units of election organization one level lower, and which have the size of several communities or village councils in rural areas or several neighborhoods in cities.
The next election to the Verkhovna Rada (set to be in 2024) will be (for the first time) with different regional open lists (with again an electoral threshold of five percent) and a return (and thus an abolishment of the constituencies with first-past-the-post voting) to only one national constituency.
In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Ukraine used the mixed electoral system for the elections of people's deputies, 225 deputies were elected to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by the proportional electoral system (party lists) and 225 by the first-past-the-post electoral system.
Thereafter, district election commissions determine the results of voting within their electoral districts by summing up the results from all the polling stations belonging to the district.
The Central Election Commission then sums up the results of all electoral districts, including the Foreign one, to determine the final results of the voting.
In addition to votes counting, district election commissions also deal with many other organizational issues within their electoral districts, including appointing the personal composition of precinct election commissions.
As a result, there were vacant seats in the 8th and 9th convocations of the Verkhovna Rada, which should have been occupied by majority MPs from the electoral districts in Crimea and in Donbass.
Electoral districts in their modern form were created on April 28, 2012 by the resolution of the Central Election Commission #82 (up to that moment there was a different system of electoral districts).
Initially, they were intended to be used only for parliamentary elections, but in 2019 they were also applied for the presidential election.
The current electoral districts system in theory can be applied to all-Ukrainian referendums, but in practice, no referendums have been held in Ukraine since 2000.
The current electoral districts system was used in 2012 parliamentary election, 2014 parliamentary election, 2019 presidential election and 2019 parliamentary election.
The law stipulates that the deviation of the number of voters in the electoral district from the national average should not exceed 12%.
The law also stipulates that each electoral district must be within one administrative unit of the first level (oblast, city of Kiev or Sevastopol, Autonomous Republic of Crimea), i.e.
it is not allowed for a part of an electoral district to be in one administrative unit and another part in another unit.
Referring to this provision, the Hungarian national minority in Zakarpattia Oblast demands the restoration of Tisza electoral district, which existed prior to 2012, but in 2012 the Hungarians were divided between 73rd, 68th and 69th electoral districts, where they now are the minority of voters, which deprived them of the ability to elect their own deputy to the Verkhovna Rada.
They have been denied every time, so the Zakarpattia Hungarian Culture Society since 2014 was threatening to sue Ukrainian government in the ECHR for refusing to set up an electoral district that would include territories of compact ethnic Hungarian habitation.
The Foreign electoral district of Ukraine is an electoral district, which unites electoral precincts, that are situated outside of the territory of Ukraine, and which comprises all polling station located inside embassies and consulates of Ukraine and inside military bases abroad, where there are Ukrainian peacekeeping contingents.
In the Foreign electoral district there vote those Ukrainian citizens, who on the day of voting are living or just travelling abroad.
Foreign district has many differences from usual electoral districts on the territory of Ukraine, but the fundamental difference is that it only aggregates votes cast abroad and do not bear the function of parliamentary representation, since majoritarian deputies are not elected there.
Also, the Foreign district does not have its own district election commission, its duties are carried out by the Central Election Commission.
Habel Boas Inzaghi Isir (born June 24, 1999) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays in Liga 2 with Persewar Waropen as a centre back.
The Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estado de México Shows is an annual professional wrestling supercard event, scripted and promoted by the Naucalpan, State of Mexico based International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion.
Al Gusto some years the show has been combined with shows that commemorate the opening of Arena Naucalpan in December 1977.
At times IWRG has promoted one of their annual shows as part of the anniversary celebration, such as the Rey del Ring or Prisión Fatal.
The earliest match reports from Arena KO Al Gusto are dated December 12, 1962 with a main event battle royal that featured wrestler-turned-promoter Adolfo Moreno as one of the participants.
In 2006, Dr. Bennett was appointed by then Texas Governor Rick Perry as a Board Chair, among other positions, on the Texas Board of Professional Engineers.
Research at BRIMR focuses on the structure and regulation of protein kinases, their downstream signaling pathways, and therapeutic drugs that inhibit these enzymes.
The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of about 50 protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of several cancers including those of breast, kidney, and lung and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.
An important component of the Institute’s fundamental research involves the study of the nature of the interaction of these anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents with their target protein kinase enzyme.
Institute studies are based upon the X-ray crystallographic results that are in the public domain as well as in-house computer-generated models of drugs binding to their targets.
However, the Institute uses results from the research areas of biochemistry and molecular, chemical, structural and cancer biology in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of protein kinase inhibitors and the aberrations that result in neoplastic growth.
The Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research has monitored NIH funding to Medical Schools as well as other health science schools and organizations since 2006.
BRIMR generates an annual ranking of NIH funding for US Medical Schools and their Departments and the BRIMR data is considered to be the gold standard for medical school research metrics.
Prior to his appearance in the 1996 Summer Olympics, Chen participated in the 1993 and 1994 editions of the UCI Road World Championships in the men's team time trial, in which the Taiwanese team placed 22nd and 13th, respectively.
Finis Conner (born July 28, 1943) is an American entrepreneur and pioneer of the disk drive industry, founding industry leaders Shugart Associates, Seagate Technology and Conner Peripherals.
Conner Peripherals, a major HDD manufacturer, was founded in 1987, and by 1990 had become the fastest-growing start-up in the history of U.S. commerce up until that point.
Conner found a job as a clerk-typist at IBM and put himself through college, earning a degree in industrial management from San Jose State College in 1969.
In 1985 John Squires left Miniscribe and with financing from Terry Johnson (another Miniscribe founder) founded CoData to work on a new 3.5-inch disk drive.
In 1986, Conner merged his then defunct company Conner Peripherals into Squires and Johnson's CoData, adopting the name Conner Peripherals for the merged entity.
Conner had trouble finding finance from venture capitalists, so he approached Compaq Computer, which was looking for a new disk drive for a portable computer that was under development.
The subsequent HDD, CP341, established the popularity of the ATA interface supplied by Western Digital.By 1990, Conner Peripherals was the fastest growing start-up company in the history of US commerce, beating the competition with HDDs that were lighter, more compact, and consumed less power.
According to Finis Conner, one key aspect of success was to buy all the components (heads, disks, motors, chips) from other manufacturers but to excel in high-volume assembly and manufacturing.
For its fiscal year ending December 31, 1995 Conner reported about $2.4 billion in revenue compared to Seagate's fiscal year revenue of $4.5 billion.
With homes in Pebble Beach and Palm Springs, a collection of classic cars, private planes, yacht, speedboat and a near-professional golf game, Mr. Conner has become the epitome, or perhaps the caricature, of the Silicon Valley executive made good.
Shanqi (; 5 October 1866 – 29 March 1922), courtesy name Aitang, was a prince of the Aisin-Gioro clan, the ruling clan of the Qing Dynasty, as well as a minister in the late Qing.
Hooge was the eldest son of Hong Taiji, and was supported by the Yellow Banners in his bid to become emperor after his death.
However, after a decision by an assembly of Manchu nobles and authorities, Fulin, the ninth brother, was chosen as emperor (becoming the Shunzhi Emperor, while Hooge kept his position of Prince Su.
Shanqi served as the tax supervisor of Chongwenmen, as a commander in the Army, as a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and as an early leader within the Beijing gendarmerie and Qing police system.
During the early days of the Xuantong Emperor (Puyi), when plans to assassinate the regent, Zaifeng, by Wang Zhaoming were revealed, Shanqi was questioned by Zaifeng.
In early 1909, Shanqi, as the head of civilian affairs, drew up a plan to cut down administrative spending and focus more on police personnel as a way to reduce police spending as a whole.
Shanqi refused to accept the abdication of Xuantong and was smuggled to the Japanese concession of Port Arthur in the Kwantung Leased Territory.
In 1912, Shanqi gained Japanese support to create an independent Manchu state under Puyi along with his 14th daughter, Jin Bihui, whom he had allowed to be adopted by Kawashima Naniwa (Jin Bihui changed her name to Yoshiko Kawashima to reflect this).
Before and after the Manchu Restoration by Zhang Xun in 1917, two Manchu-Mongol independence movements were launched, both of which ended in failure.
The 1916 Manchu-Mongol Independence Movement, supported by businessman Okura Kihachiro, involved a one million yen investment to the Royalist Party, who held an army in Manchuria, composed of restorationists and Mongolian bandits.
General Tanaka Giichi was to assist him in capturing Mukden and setting up a Manchurian state North of the Great Wall, eventually striking Beijing.
This uprising was to be started on 15 April 1916, and timed to be at the same time as the National Protection War.
After Yuan Shikai's death, the Japanese decided that if the new President of China, Li Yuanhong, was responsive to the Japanese, Japan would give their support to the Chinese government.
It is situated northwest of Coquihalla Summit, northeast of Alpaca Peak, and southwest of Guanaco Peak, its nearest higher peak, by a mere one metre.
Precipitation runoff from the peak drains west into headwaters of the East Anderson River, or east into headwaters of the Coldwater River.
The mountain was named for the vicuña, as part of the animal names theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of the 1974 first ascent party.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Vicuna Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The average Human Development Index (HDI) for the state of Tamil Nadu in 1996 calculated by the government's State Planning Commission was 0.636.
The 2017 Human development Index was calculated by the state planning commission by the methodology of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) was 0.708.
While comparing with the 2003 data, the latest report has also shown that the two sets of reports are not strictly comparable.
While the Human development index in the report of 2003 had placed Chennai, Kanchipuram, Kanyakumari, Thoothukudi and Coimbatore as the districts in the top five positions, the latest report of 2017 shows that Kanyakumari has taken the first position.
The role of the Church in education and medical sectors from the early 19th century can be also attributed to Kanyakumari's top position.
Compared with the previous Tamil Nadu's Human Development Reports by the state planning commission and the latest district-level government statistical report, Tamil Nadu has significantly improved its HDI in all of its administrative subdivisions.
The decline of the poverty rate has been very significant for Tamil Nadu, that it takes much of the pain to the political criticism against the Dravidian parties about corruption in the administration.
The substantial reduction in urban and rural poverty at a huge level since the economic improvements of the 1990s, shows that poverty reduction and social well-being programmes have brought in rising incomes for the poor.
Kanyakumari also has the highest literacy rate in the state, this can also be attributed to the role of the church in the education and medical fields.
Coimbatore, in spite of its high degree of industrialisation and Per capita income, does not rank in the top five districts with high Human Development Index in the report of 2017.
Though the two sets of reports are not strictly comparable given the separation of some districts between the two time points, some relative observations are made.
According to the latest report, Kanyakumari has reached the top position, while Coimbatore does not even figure in the top five.
Virudhunagar’s rise to the top has been primarily due to its relatively higher per capita income which in turn can be connected to the spread of small scale industries, and a vibrant agricultural marketing economy.
Gloria Ouida Lee or Siew Yoke Kwan (née Hong), also known as Gloria Purdy-Lee (14 July 1908 – 13 April 1995) was a Chinese-Australian miner.
She is included in the archive collection of the Women's Museum of Australia, formerly known as the National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame.
Lee was born in a creek under a tree, in Stuart (what would become Alice Springs), Australia, in 1908, the youngest child of Ah Hong and Ranjika.
As a child the government attempted to take Lee and her siblings Ada and Dempsey, to live at The Bungalow, and institution for Aboriginal children.
Her father protected them from being taken from him by threatening to shoot the policeman who was sent to take the children.
Lee would later attend school at The Bungalow, where she was taught by Ida Standley, during the day, but was not required to live there.
Ranjika died in childbirth in 1914 and in 1918 Ah Hong sold his market garden and took his three children to China, to be cared for by relatives.
It was a yearlong journey; the family had to first travel to Darwin by horse and buggy before taking a ship.
In China she was welcomed by her father's family who, although aware her mother was Aboriginal, welcomed her with open arms and was respectful towards her.
Her father spent a year in China with Lee and her siblings, and then returned to Alice Springs alone in 1920.
While Lee lived in China, she went to school, learning to read and write in Cantonese, until she was 15 or 16 years old.
She purchased the land herself with her earnings from mining and hospital work, and she managed and supervised the construction of her house herself.
Lee became pregnant with the child of Englishman Fred 'Lofty' Purdy; she was rejected by her father for not marrying a Chinese man.
Lee and Purdy married at the Catholic Church in Alice Springs and lived in a simple house, with dirt floors, near her father's market garden which was now located on Gap Road.
Lee and Purdy had four daughters together in the 1930s - 1940s: Valencia, Olive, Peg and Joyce, all of whom all attended school at Our Lady of Sacred Heart Convent School.
In 1953, after the breakup of her marriage, Lee moved to Brisbane where she eventually married William Lee, a Chinese man.
The purpose of the centre is to provide indigenous people with the knowledge and technologies for creating sustainable food production and healthy lifestyles.
Lee's oral history was tape-recorded as part of a project for the National Library of Australia documenting the lives of Chinese Australians.
The National Youth Parliament concept in Ghana is to provide a single formalized youth structure at the district, regional and national levels for the youth to air their frustrations, deliberate on matters of importance to youth development, and hold duty bearers accountable.
it is basically aimed at providing the platform to mobilize the youth for action through providing accountability, transparency and equitable society for the ready youth.
The National Youth Authority aims at establishing youth parliaments in all Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) of the Region and this is geared towards providing the political space for the youth to participate effectively in the decision making process in the various local government structures.
The membership of the Youth Parliament shall be as much as practicable opened to both in-school and out of school youth in the country base on the level he/she falls under.
The first skatepark to receive historic designation was the Bro Bowl, in Florida, listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
By the end of the 1970s, the popularity of skateboarding had waned, and the original parks of the era began to close.
A downturn in the overall skateboard market in the 1980s, coupled with high liability insurance premiums, contributed to the demise of the first wave of skateparks.
Visegrád Mountains is the direct northern neighbour of Pilis Mountains.Although the two ranges form a geographical unit as both of them officially belong to the Transdanubian Mountains, Visegrád Mountains rather connects to Börzsöny and North Hungarian Montains.
The highest peak of the range is Dobogó-kő (699 m above sea level), a hiking and ski resort area with a panoramic view on the Danube Bend.
Witherspoon started his military career in the United States Army, enlisted in the Coast Guard in 1963, where, after promotion to Quartermaster First Class, he was invited to attended Officer training school, and was commissioned an ensign, in 1971.
He was only the second individual of African-American descent to command a cutter, and was the first individual of African-American descent to command a Coast Guard Base.
In 1994 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), named Witherspoon and a Coast Guard colleague Cynthia M. Morris, as recipients of the Roy Wilkins Meritious Service Award for their achievements in civil rights.
A comic book obsessed serial killer Artik (Jerry G. Angelo) teaches his son (Gavin White) how to avoid a series of brutal murders until the boy reaches a mysterious man who blocks everything.
Ah Hong (c. 1857 - 1952) was a Chinese market gardener who spent most of his life in Alice Springs, and was a well regarded figure in an era of considerable prejudice towards Chinese people in Australia.
When Hong first arrived in the Northern Territory, some time in the 1870s, he first worked in the Top End on the Pine Creek goldfields and then the North Australia Railway before moving to Central Australia as a cook for the crews building the Overland Telegraph.
He later described witnessing many of the thousands of fellow Chinese immigrants dying in the harsh labor conditions of railway construction.
Once in Central Australia, he first worked as a cook at Bond Springs Station and then, briefly, as a miner at Arltunga.
In 1892 Hong settled in Alice Springs, then known as Stuart, and established a market garden on Todd Street on what is now the site of Megafauna Central (see: Todd Mall).
Hong met and married Ranjika, a Western Arrernte woman, and they ran the garden together with the help of Bulabaka, one of Ranjika's three sons from a previous relationship.
Education for his children was important to Hong and he sent his two eldest children, Dempsey and Ada, to school in Oodnadatta before the establishment of the first school in Alice Springs in 1914 where the children were taught, with other Aboriginal children, by Ida Standley at The Bungalow.
Following the death of Ranjika in 1918, Hong took his children to China to be cared for by his family there.
Once in Alice Springs again, Hong established a market garden on a new site, on Gap Road, where he also established an eating house for single men who were welcome to 'roll out their swags' in the garden for the price of a meal and built a large stone oven to become one of the town's first bakers.
It was called the Japanese Hospital, but is not to be confused with the Japanese Charity Hospital that was formed by the Japanese Benevolent Society and later became the Kuakini Medical Center.
In 1970 he received his doctorate in drum music about the Hausa people in North-West-Nigeria and in 1972 became a lecturer at the Folkwang University of the Arts.
He began his studies at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli, and completed them in Rome, where he came under the influence of the Neoclassical painter Vincenzo Camuccini.
In 1843, he was introduced to Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, who hired him as a court painter and Master of Painting for the Empress consort, Teresa Cristina.
At the age of thirty-three, he became the leading artist in Brazil and was charged with reorganizing the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in Río de Janeiro.
Six years later, in 1849, the Chilean Consul in Brazil, Carlos Hochkolf, invited him to come to Chile and help establish an art academy there.
He served as director of the Academy of twenty years; focusing on the European Academic tradition, with focus on the Greco-Roman canons.
Despite these criticisms, most of Chile's prominent painters of the time began as his students; including Nicolás Guzmán Bustamante, Pascual Ortega, Pedro Lira, Cosme San Martín, Onofre Jarpa and Agustina Gutiérrez.
His works include an unknown, though large, number of portraits as well as religious and mythological scenes; based on Classical models.
Later, she obtained a master's degree in experiential health and healing from The Graduate Institute and a holistic health certification from the Institute for Integrative Nutrition.
Immediately after going vegan, Singer volunteered at PETA's headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia for a week, and began steering her career toward animal rights activism.
It tells her struggles with disordered eating, society's mistreatment of overweight people and how she lost almost 100 pounds after starting to look after herself.
It also touches on her experiences of having a difficult childhood, being bullied while growing up, animal rights and her sexuality.
In January 2010, Singer and Mariann Sullivan, an animal law professor at Columbia Law School, co-founded the non-profit organization Our Hen House, which produces multimedia content aimed at helping people to create change for animals.
The Our Hen House website includes interviews, podcasts, reviews, food advice and networking tips, which are divided into categories such as law, academia and arts.
The organization relies on grants, donations and consultant fees from clients, including the Mayor's Alliance for New York City's Animals and the Eastern Shore Sanctuary in Vermont.
Full Circle is an album by American jazz vocalist and percussionist Leon Thomas recorded in 1973 and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
Abeysiri Narayana Susantha Chandramali Wanigaratne (born February 21, 1964 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Susantha Chandramali, is an actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television.
Zarifa is regarded as one of the few Afghanistani female mayors, and also is the youngest to be appointed at the age of 26.
She attended Halima Khazan High School in Paktia Province for her primary education and pursued her higher studies at the University of Punjab.
However, her term as mayor of Maiden Shahr had to be delayed for a period of nine months due to intervention of other powerful politicians.
On her very first day as mayor, she faced harassment from a group of men who mobbed her office and warned her to resign from the position.
If it is obtained from already possessed warrior, it will be in form of mantra- astra can be invoked by incantations.
A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed from explosive activity or collapse during a volcanic eruption.
Sources of water loss singly or together may include evaporation, subsurface seepage, and, in places, surface leakage or overflow when the lake level reaches the lowest point on its rim.
At such a saddle location, the upper portion of the lake is contained only by its adjacent natural volcanic dam; continued leakage through or surface outflow across the dam can erode its included material, thus lowering lake level until a new equilibrium of water flow, erosion, and rock resistance is established.
Crater Lake is fed solely by falling rain and snow, with no inflow or outflow at the surface, and hence is one of the clearest lakes in the world.
The highest volcano in the world, 6,893-m (22,615-ft) Ojos del Salado in Chile, has a permanent crater lake about in diameter at an elevation of on its eastern side.
At around 100 km (60 miles) by 30 km (18 miles) in extent and 505 m (1,656 ft) deep at its deepest point, Lake Toba is the largest crater lake in the world.
Gas discharges from Lake Nyos (Cameroon) suffocated 1,800 people in 1986, and crater lakes such as Mount Ruapehu's (New Zealand) often contribute to destructive lahars.
Precipitation runoff from the peak drains west into headwaters of the East Anderson River, or east into headwaters of the Coldwater River.
The mountain was named for the guanaco, as part of the animal names theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of the 1974 first ascent party.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Guanaco Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Cogniat was responsible for the French pavilion at the Venice Biennale between 1956 and 1960, and called for Paris to host a similar event.
This resulted in André Malraux, Minister of Culture, establishing the Biennale de Paris in 1959, with Cogniat appointed as general delegate in charge of the event.
In 10 October 2008, Biraj Adhikari seceded from SHRP, and established the new party, Sikkim National People’s Party (SNPP) for fighting with SDF.
In the Sikkim Legislative Assembly election of 2009, Biraj Adhikari contested from 2 constituencies (Rhenock and Chujachen), Tseten Dorjee Lepcha contested from Djongu constituency and Barfungpa contested from Gangtok constituency.
However, SNPP could not be registered in the List of Political Parties of Election Commission of India (ECI) before the election period, so Adhikari and other SNPP candidates had to run as independent candidates.
In both 2019 Sikkim Lok Sabha Election and 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election (Rhenock constituency), Biraj Adhikari stood as the candidates of HSP.
The 2016 LEN Super Cup was the 35th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for men's water polo clubs.
The match took place between Croatian side VK Jug (2015–16 European Champions) and Italian side AN Brescia (Euro Cup's holder) at the Gruž City Pool in Dubrovnik, Croatia, on 14 December 2016.
Jug defeated Brescia as it happened 10 years before and won the trophy for the second time, while the Italian team lost the Super Cup final for the third time in its history.
He is a member of the French Academy of sciences and Director of Exceptional Class Research at the Research Institute for Development.
Student at the University of Paris 6 (1973-1977), he obtained his PhD in Nuclear Physics at the Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay in 1979 and his Doctorate in Physics.
He was admitted to the CAPES in Physical Sciences in 1983, and became a certified Professor of Physics and Chemistry at the Lycée Technique Pasteur in Hénin-Beaumont, Pas de Calais from 1984 to 1986 and then a certified Professor in Metallurgy at the Lycée Diderot in Paris from 1986 to 1987.
He continued his career as a lecturer at the Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Dijon from 1987 to 1990, and Professor of Universities at the Ecology Laboratory of the University of Burgundy in Dijon from 1990 to 1992 and then Professor at the Claude Bernard University in Lyon from 1993 to 2004.
In the 1990s, with the mathematicians Robert Roussarie and Jean-Christophe Poggiale of the University of Dijon, he formalized the method as part of the centre variety theorem (2010-2014).
Pierre Auger has been particularly interested with his collaborators in the applications of variable aggregation methods to the emergence of global behaviors in complex multi-scale systems.
At IRD, he contributed to the modelling of population dynamics of large herbivore populations at Amboseli Natural Park in Kenya with the ACC (African Conservation Center) (2010-2014).
This study highlighted the need to maintain corridors between Amboseli and other parks and ecosystems in Kenya and Tanzania in order to maintain biodiversity and avoid the extinction of certain species.
During his expatriation stays as an IRD researcher in Morocco (2008-2012) and Senegal (2012-2017), Pierre Auger contributed to the development of new mathematical models combining ecological and economic dynamics.
In particular, it proposed bio-economic models of fisheries with a variable price of the resource on the market depending on supply and demand.
At the Claude Bernard University in Lyon, Pierre Auger contributed to the creation of an original Biomathematics course for the part concerning the mathematical modelling of biological systems (1993-2004).
The land was declared as national park by the Bangladesh government on 8 April 2001 under the Wildlife Act of 1974.
The general walk in the forest is not easy due to muddy soil and pneumatophores of Sonneratia apetala (Keora) and Avicennia alba (Baine) trees.
Seven plant species recorded as rare are Bruguiera gymnorhiza (kakra), Derris trifoliata, Diospyros blancoi, Tamarix gallica, Heliotropium currasavicum, Typha elephentanea, Sarcolobus carinatus.
Globally threatened birds like Spoon-billed sandpiper, Asian Dowitcher, Nordmann's greenshank, Spotted redshank, Goliath Heron and Indian Skimmers are seen here .
The tributaries around the islands are abode to Ganges Dolphin, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Finless Porpoise and Irrawaddy Dolphin.The channels are very rich in micro benthos and other invertebrates.
This includes wood collection for fuel and building materials, hunting, betel leaf production, grazing of livestock, harvesting of other forest products, and limited agriculture in allocated land.
The range was surveyed in 1934 by geologist Yuri Bilibin (1901—1952) together with mining engineer Evgeny Bobin (1897—1941) in the course of an expedition sent by the government of the Soviet Union.
After conducting the first topographic survey of the area Bilibin established that this chain consists of three parallel ridges with pointed, often rocky peaks, and that it belongs to the Verkhoyansk Mountain System.
The Sette-Daban is a range located in southeastern Yakutia, at the southern end of the Verkhoyansk Range, part of the East Siberian System of mountains.
It is bound in the north by the Tompo River and the Ulakhan-Bom, in the south and east by the Allakh-Yun River valley, beyond which rise the Dzhugdzhur Range and the Stanovoy Highlands, to the west by the Aldan River valley beyond which rises the Lena Plateau.
The slopes of the range are covered by larch forests, giving way to dwarf cedar thickets and mountain tundra at elevations above .
Known for her aggressive, experimental and often political songwriting, she has received international acclaim for her recorded works and live performances.
This melange of influences is also visible in her stage show and artwork, where traditional Persian themes, dress, and artistic techniques are combined with modern and transgressive ones.
As a teenager Tehran played in several punk bands in order to rebel against the conservative social climate of her home town.
He won the inaugural Golden Rooster Award for Best Editor in 1982 and the Golden Rooster Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2011.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he fled Hubei for the wartime capital Chongqing, where he studied at a school for refugee children in Geleshan.
In 1940, Fu entered China Film Studio as an apprentice, working under Wu Tingfang 邬廷芳, Qian Xiaozhang 钱筱璋, and Situ Huimin.
He was transferred again in 1956, to serve as chief editor of the Beijing Film Studio, where he worked until his retirement.
As Shanghai was the centre of China's film industry at the time, Fu introduced the more advanced techniques of the Shanghai studios to Changchun and Beijing.
While studying at Oxford he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Cambridge University at Lord's in 1860, before making two further first-class appearances for Oxford in 1862 against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and Cambridge.
He also made an additional first-class appearance in 1862 for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South.
He later moved to the US and graduated summa cum laude from the New York Film Academy in Los Angeles with a Master of Fine Arts in Documentary degree.
Chandpala Anantapathpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Falta police station in the Falta CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Chandpala Anantapathpur had a total population of 5,286 of which 2,711 (51%) were males and 2,575 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Harindanga 2 km away.
Falta Block Primary Health Centre at Falta, with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Falta CD block.
His father was a Roman Catholic catechist who was one of the forerunners in the foundation of the Catholic church on the Samosir Island.
On 26 December 1978, when he was 12, Dogma Situmorang's birth mother Maria died and his father remarried to Maria Else Sinaga.
When he was in his early twenties Dogma Situmorang joined as a novice the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin colloquially known as Capuchins.
He graduated from the elite engineering École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (N60), (or Nancy School of Mines), and has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 2003, and the Academy of Technology since 2010.
José Vilardebó Picurena (; 11 November 1902 – unknown) was a Spanish chess player, Spanish Chess Championship bronze medalist (1946), three-times Catalan Chess Championship winner (1926, 1928, 1935).
Its distinctive feature was that members would competitively persuade one of their friends to come with them and take 'the pledge' at each meeting.
Robert Patterson was the Minister of the 3rd Armagh Congregation of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, who went on to become full-time Organising Secretary of the Union and was later Minister of the Crumlin Road Congregation in Belfast.
… there were 32 men in my study … some of the biggest blackguards and boozers and drunkards in the town were there.
When we grew a little bigger we changed the ‘City’ to ‘County’ and then we dropped the first two words of the title altogether and [in October 1910], we had over 130,000 enrolled members.
The organisation flourished in the years before the First World War, in which many of its members fought, and continued in existence in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Australia through the 1950s and 1960s.
While the last actual club closed in 1970, there is a snooker hall in Dunmurray, Northern Ireland bearing the name Catch-my-Pal but it is not a temperance organisation.Photo.
A 'Blue Plaque' historical marker was erected on the facade of The Mall Meeting House, Armagh, to Robert Patterson on 20 September 2019 and was unveiled by the Moderator of the General Assembly, Rev.
The series, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro and produced by Aaron Spelling, revolves around the Carringtons, a wealthy family residing in Denver, Colorado.
The season also features Christopher Cazenove as Blake's brother, Ben Carrington; Kate O'Mara as Alexis' sister Caress Morell; Terri Garber as Ben's daughter Leslie; Leann Hunley as Blake's secretary Dana Waring; and Cassie Yates as Sarah Curtis, and old friend of Dex's.
During the period between the production of seasons six and seven, Catherine Oxenberg vacated the role of Amanda Carrington, purportedly due to a salary dispute.
As the seventh season begins, Blake stops short of killing Alexis, who has taken all of his assets, including the mansion.
Claudia has died in the fire she set at La Mirage, and Amanda (now played by Karen Cellini) is rescued by a returning Michael Culhane, Blake's chauffeur from the first season.
Blake turns the tables on Ben and Alexis and recovers his wealth, but loses his memory after an oil rig explosion.
Living with a clean slate, Alexis finds herself softening to Blake but ultimately tells him the truth as he reunites with Krystle.
Krystina receives a heart transplant but is later temporarily kidnapped by Sarah Curtis, the mother of the girl from whom Krystina received her new heart; Sammy Jo's marriage to Clay crumbles and she falls into bed with Steven; Amanda leaves town; and Ben's daughter Leslie arrives.
Adam's season-long romance with Blake's secretary Dana Waring culminates in a wedding, which is punctuated in the May 6, 1987 season finale by Alexis's car plunging off a bridge into a river and the violent return of a vengeful Matthew Blaisdel (Bo Hopkins).
The 1974–75 Shatt al-Arab clashes refer to Iranian-Iraqi standoff in the Persian Gulf region of Shatt al-Arab waterway during the mid-1970s.
It was the most significant dispute over the Shatt al-Arab waterway in modern times, prior to the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s.
The treaty established the waterway border on the eastern bank of the river except for a four-mile anchorage zone near Abadan, which was allotted to Iran and where the border ran along the thalweg.
Iran sent a delegation to Iraqi Republic soon after the Ba'ath coup in 1969 and, when Iraq refused to proceed with negotiations over a new treaty, the treaty of 1937 was withdrawn by Iran.
The Iranian abrogation of the 1937 treaty marked the beginning of a period of acute Iraqi-Iranian tension that was to last until the Algiers Accords of 1975.
Several other attacks took place; however, Iran had the world's fifth most powerful military at the time and easily defeated the Iraqis with its air force.
As a result, Iraq decided against continuing the war, choosing instead to make concessions to Tehran to end the Kurdish rebellion.
Saddam Hussein claimed that the Islamic Republic of Iran refused to abide by the stipulations of the Algiers Protocol and, therefore, Iraq considered the Protocol null and void.
Zweite Wiener Vereins-Sparcasse (abbreviated: Zweite Sparkasse, also: Die Zweite) is an Austrian bank based in Vienna's Leopoldstadt district (2nd municipal district).
On the basis of this recommendation, the new client is provided with an account, initially for a three years term, on a credit basis only and not allowing any overdrafts.
The current members of the unsalaried Management Board, are Günter Benischek, Chairman of the Management Board, Gerda Holzinger-Burgstaller and Gerhard Ruprecht.
The Articles of Association dated 15 May 2006 were adopted at the founding meeting and approved by the Financial Market Authority in September of the same year.
On 21 October 2006, the incorporation under company law was entered in the Commercial Register of the Commercial Court of Vienna.
On 21 November 2006, the first branch in Vienna-Leopoldstadt, which is also the company's headquarters, was opened in the presence of Federal President Heinz Fischer.
At the end of 2007, the Zweite Sparkasse had around 1,300 customers with around 1,800 accounts in three branches and 268 volunteers' workers.
In 1947, she opened a studio in Vejle where she designed various clothes for women but soon specialized in the more profitable business of wedding dresses.
Born on 6 March 1918, Lilly Brændgaard Jacobsen was the daughter of the housepainter Martinus Julius Jacobsen (1892–1960) and Ane Kathrine Lauridsen (1898–1973), a seamstress.
When she was 14, after training as a seamstress and tailor, she was able to make a living altering clothes the clothes people brought to her, even during the war years where there was a shortage of materials.
At the time, she was living alone with her nine-year-old son from her first marriage but on 10 July 1947, she married Svend Brændgaard Hansen (1919–2000), a mason and carpenter, who owned the building housing her studio.
Initially, with the help of two seamstresses, she sewed coats, suits and everyday clothing but after 10 years she decided to concentrate on wedding dresses.
By the time the firm celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1997, there were nine stores in Denmark, 13 in Germany and a substantial export business with the United Kingdom and Japan.
Her children and grandchildren increasingly took over the firm's operations but Brændgaard herself continued to carry out design work and serve on the board.
She had to commit to memory all actors' roles at the stage as she did not hear her counter person's words.
Jale Birsel died from pneumonia in a nursing home at Çiğli, İzmir at the age of 92 on 17 November 2019.
Ronald Nevill Damian Miller known almost exclusively as Damian Miller (10 February 1915 - 20 May 1990) was a pilot and pastoralist who spent much of his life in Alice Springs.
Miller was born in 1915 in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of Septimus and Helen Miller and he attended Xavier College as a young man where he became friends with Sam Calder whom he would remain friends with for the rest of his life.
After he left college he made friends with Edward Connellan, another man who would become a huge part of his life and he introduced him to Calder.
When World War II broke out Miller and Calder immediately volunteered for the RAAF but first flew to Alice Springs to help Connellan establish Connellan Airways; which Miller helped finance (on a secured loan basis), with the assistance of his wealthy grandfather Henry Miller.
Miller was called up early in the war, initially as a pilot instructor and then as a pilot on a Catalina squadron based in the Top End.
In this squadron Miller once flew 11 hours of an 18 hour flight on only one engine after the aircraft had been severely damaged by Japanese air-aircraft fire at Kavieng, Papua New Guinea.
The navigational instruments had also being damaged and the crew had to jettison fuel and ammunition as they flew over enemy territory through heavy rain.
In 1947, on a trip to England to purchase two Rapide aircraft's, Miller met and married Anne Fletcher at Yeovil in Somerset and following their marriage the two flew the planes home.
This was a difficult trip as fuel had to be left a aerodromes apart across Europe and Asia and the planes had no radios.
Miller also bought a share of Hamilton Downs Station in 1952 and built a new homestead, he eventually acquired sole ownership in 1968.
In 1972 Miller donated the ruins and site of the old Hamilton Downs homestead to the Apex Club of Central Australia, who turned it in to Hamilton Downs Youth Camp, which officially opened on 11 March 1978.
Jean-Louis Bonnemain, born on 7 May 1936 in Bignac (Charente), is a French plant physiologist specialising in the transport of photosynthesis products, phytohormones and plant protection products in plants.
In charge of teaching natural sciences, he also undertook research on the Solanaceae conductive device at the university scientific college in this city.
He developed a microautoradiography method to locate soluble radioactive molecules in plant tissues with unprecedented precision at the time, which enabled him to be admitted to the CNRS (attaché and then research fellow) from 1964 to 1970.
He was appointed lecturer (2nd class professor) at the University of Lille 1 in 1970 and then 1st class professor at the University of Poitiers in 1975.
However, various families of advanced plants are characterized by the presence of an internal phloem located on the periphery of the bone marrow and even, sometimes, by the presence of a phloem included in the wood, in fact supernumerary phloem whose functions were not well known.
During his thesis, Jean-Louis Bonnemain showed that the external phloem and supernumerary phloem of Solanaceae form a complex network with junctions at precise levels and highlighted their specific function in supplying nutrients to precise plant organs .
Then, with his students and some colleagues, he helped to highlight one of the two mechanisms allowing the export of photosynthesis products from the leaves (proton-saccharose symport, proton-amino acid symport) , and demonstrated by an immunological approach that phloem companion cells ensure the energization of this export.
This investigation has been extended to intergenerational nutrient exchanges, the functioning of sensory motor cells, the study of the impact of abiotic and biotic stress (aphids) on nutrient compartmentalization and cell growth , and the search for specific nutrient transporter inhibitors.
After showing for the first time in the past that the polarized circulation of auxin from the terminal bud took place in the cambial zone, he led work on the transport of several phytohormones, including stress hormones, with an emphasis on auxin because it is strategically positioned to regulate the production of conductive tissues and indirectly controls plant branching.
Finally, after studying pesticide systems in relation to industry, he programmed the synthesis of conjugates, which was carried out within a team of chemists.
The current focus is on the vectorization of delayed conjugates combining defence molecules and an amino acid, as part of a reduction in pesticide use.
Walking Like We Do is the second studio album by British indie rock band The Big Moon, released on 10 January 2020 via Fiction Records.
ResearchED, is a teacher led organisation, established in 2013 by Tom Bennett and assisted by Helene O’Shea, that holds conferences on educational research.
Contributors to the first issue included Daisy Christodoulou, John Sweller and Daniel T. Willingham, who also featured on its front cover.
Born in Frankfurt, Loesch is the son of , the former director of the , and the SPD politician Grete von Loesch.
At first he completed a cello study with and Pierre Fournier, which he furthered with the artistic maturity examination in 1983.
At the same time he studied musicology with Carl Dahlhaus and at the Technical University of Berlin until 1991, where he received his doctorate in 1991 and his habilitation in 1999.
Afterwards he was a research assistant at the State Institute for Music Research and then also professor at the Technical University of Berlin.
Of these, two are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
She was selected as the best candidate out of a field of fifteen applicants, including the acting Controller of Budget, Stephen Masha.
She replaces Agnes Odhiambo, the first Controller of Budget, whose eight-year non-renewable term came to an end on 27 August 2019.
Michel Caboche, born in 1946, is a French biologist, Director of Research at Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), member of the French Academy of Sciences and of the Scientific Council of the Parliamentary Office for the Assessment of Scientific and Technological Choices (OPECST).
He was Deputy Director of the INRA-(INA-PG) Seed Biology Laboratory in Versailles, and headed the INRA-CNRS-University of Evry Joint Unit for Plant Genomics Research from 2002 to 2007.
He was Chairman of the Management Board of the French plant genomics program, Génoplante, from its inception in 1999 to 2002.
In July 1984, amateur paleontologist Kurt Wiedenroth discovered a fragmentary pterosaur skeleton in the clay pit of Engelbostel at the southern edge of the city of Hanover.
The holotype, SMNS 56628, was found in rocks of the Stadthagen Formation dating from the earliest Hauterivian, about 132 million years old.
It contains the front and the rear of the symphysis of the lower jaws, a right articular, a rib piece, the distal ends of a left radius and ulna, the proximal and distal end of a left third metacarpal and a piece of a phalanx, probably the first of the left third finger.
The symphysis of the lower jaws has at the midline of its front an odontoid, or tooth-like, process, formed by a confluence of the side ridges of the occlusal groove, in the top surface of the joint dentaries.
William Watts Ball (December 9, 1868 — October 14, 1952) was a newspaper editor, journalism dean, columnist, and author in South Carolina.
Notable people introduced to the Telugu film industry by the studio were Anjali Devi (Gollabhama), N. T. Rama Rao (Mana Desam), Ghantasala (Lakshmamma) etc.
Indian Air Force: A Cut Above is the official free air combat mobile gaming application of the Indian Air Force first released on 31 May 2019.
In November 2019 Google picked the game to be part of the Best Game 2019 awards (in the 'Users Choice Game' category).
The game has three training levels where the user is taught the various intricacies of the game such as taking off, landing gear operations, air-control, target hitting and various other things.
The game allows the user to control a variety of the IAFs arsenal including the MI-17 V5 helicopter, the Mirage 2000 and four other aircraft as well as the Rafale.
He is moving into Neuroscience research after an internship in Dr. Edith Hamel's laboratory at the Montreal Neurological Institute (Canada), where he will also spend a year as a cooperator.
Back in France, he enrolled in a PhD thesis in the Inserm team of Dr Constantino Sotelo at the Salpêtrière Hospital and Pierre et Marie Curie University (currently Sorbonne University).
He will study the migration of neurons in mouse embryos and the development of connections between the brain stem and the cerebellum.
He joined Dr. Corey Goodman's laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley (USA) for a post-doctoral fellowship where he contributed to the identification of new receptors involved in axon guidance and various diseases, including cancers .
Alain Chédotal was recruited at Inserm in 1997 and set up his own team first at the Salpêtrière Hospital, then on the Jussieu campus, before joining the Institut de la Vision in 2008 (Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts).
In 2018, Alain Chédotal is coordinating Inserm's transversal HuDeCA research programme, which aims to establish the cellular mapping of the human embryo.
Since his thesis, Alain Chédotal has been interested in the development of neurons (called commissuraux) whose axons interconnect the right and left halves of the brain.
These neurons allow 3D vision, the localization of sounds in space, the coordination of muscle contraction during movement, especially during walking.
Their abnormal development is at the origin of neurological diseases such as mirror movements or HGPPS, a rare disease (mutation of the ROBO3 gene) that combines severe scoliosis and strabismus In a series of articles published over the past 20 years , Alain Chédotal has identified some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling axon guidance and neuron migration in several brain regions.
His recent work has called into question the existence of a chemotropism of commissural axons, one of the dogmas in the field.
He has recently demonstrated that certain guidance molecules are key regulators of normal and pathological angiogenesis, and that blocking these signals could potentially be used to treat neovascular eye diseases.
Alain Chédotal's laboratory has developed an innovative technique for three-dimensional imaging by optical cutting of thick, whole samples (mouse embryos, postnatal brain) made transparent using organic solvents and imaged with a light-sheet microscope.
This method revolutionizes and facilitates the way in which the neuroanatomical organization of the brain, but also of all tissues, can be studied.
He applied this method to the study of human embryonic and foetal development and began to build the first 3D cellular atlas of human embryonic development.
Alain Chédotal has been a member of EMBO since 2019, of the Academia Europaea since 2016 and of the French Academy of sciences since 2017 and is currently Vice-President of the Scientific Council of the Foundation for Medical Research.
It is the birthplace of the illustrious Chalencon family, later allied with the Polignacs, one of the most important of Velay.
There is a controversy because the niches are the work of the architects of Viollet-le-Duc, a medieval site restorer under Napoleon III.
Given the location of the tower, it was more likely a flat tower where a fire was maintained during the misty winter nights so that merchants and pilgrims could spot each other.
It should not be forgotten that Chalencon was above all a commercial centre for which crossing of the was subject to a toll.
The remains of the Château de Chalencon are on the summit of a rocky outcrop dominating the Ance river, consisting of three terraces at different levels, of which one, to the west, overlooks the village.
There is a keep, a round fortified tower at the top with crenellations, two corner turrets, partly rebuilt at the beginning of the 20th century, and some windows from the end of the 13th century.
The chapel seems to date from the end of the 11th century, with alterations in later times including the construction of a large window in the 15th century.
It is not far from the 12th century Devil's Bridge (historic monument) and the ruins of the so-called prefecture building that would have housed the administration's justice rooms.
The election only took place in territory under the control of the Syrian government, with special constituencies set up for areas outside of government control.
Legal opposition parties such as the Syrian National Youth Party and the Syria Watan Party criticized the election for not being fully democratic and did not stand any candidates.
The Ministry of Local Affairs claimed that turnout of the election was 56%, although some sources say that turnout was lower at 26.5%.
The leaves are small (15mm x 7mm), ovate, glandular and down-curved, with thickened margins, and grow densely packed along the stems.
The leaves, which grow densely packed along the stems, are small (15mm), thin (3mm), straight, suberect, usually mucronate, and slightly furry along their margins and lower midrib.
Roy Wilkins was a highly respected senior official of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and in 1980 the Association created the Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award for members of United States Armed Forces who had advanced civil rights.
The documentary looked at the state of the women's game in several countries on various continent and how the development of women's equality mirrored the focus women's soccer received.
Dance Halls of Brisbane in the twentieth century were popular venues for entertainment, socialising and reflected styles of music, architecture, popular culture and city planning.
Private dances and balls in small halls around Brisbane eventually gave way to a larger audience experience, particularly after World War I and the advent of jazz music.
Exhibition week was one of the most popular weeks in the city's dance calendar, as rural visitors came into Brisbane for the Brisbane Exhibition held in August each year and the event was commemorated with a public holiday.
All styles of dance were available in Brisbane and the variety of arenas available made it possible for dancers to choose the venue they could best afford to attend.
With the advent of talking motion pictures and the popularity of film musicals throughout the 1930s, people were keen to emulate their film idols such as Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.
During World War II there was likely to be somewhere to dance at least three times a week, when almost 1 million United States military personnel were stationed on the east coast of Australia during the war in the Pacific.
After 1957, music changed with the advent of rock and roll and promoters brought in acts from overseas to appeal to modern tastes.
Dance styles changed from the ballroom or modern styles featured in the 1920s and 1930s, jitterbug of the WW2 era to rock and roll of the 1950s.
This dance hall was in a wharf adjacent to the Victoria Street Bridge at South Brisbane and was designed by architect Ronald Martin Wilson.
The Caledonian Society and Burns Club occupied a number of buildings in Brisbane, including Centennial Hall before settling at 46 Elizabeth Street, Brisbane.
The Addie Cantwell Palais Ballroom opened in the 1930s at 436 Adelaide Street, Petrie Bight on the site of the dance hall previously known as the Ritz.
Centennial Hall opened in 1888 and was located in Adelaide Street, between Albert and Edward Streets (where the present day Reserve Bank of Australia building is located).
Its remodel with a design by Lange Leopold Powell in the 1920s emphasised Art Deco decoration and the building included marble stairs and a flat auditorium floor which could seat 700 people when not in use as a dance hall.
A funicular railway ran from the main road at Breakfast Creek up the hill to provide easy access to the hall.
After the war the floors were replaced by the military and featured one inch tongue and groove boards that were not nailed.
It was a concert venue in the 1950s, and featured Australian and international performers such as Buddy Holly, Johnnie Ray, Paul Anka, Jerry Lee Lewis and others.
A services club for African American soldiers was established in 100 Grey Street, South Brisbane opposite the train station, during World War II.
Finneys department store at 196 Queen Street (where the present day David Jones department store is located) featured a room on their fifth floor that could seat 700 and was offered for dances.
Lennon's Hotel was originally situated in George Street but was rebuilt in 1941 to a design by Emil Sodersteen, and again in 1972 at its present site in Queen Street.
Lennon's offered a small dance floor from the 1920s and due to its status as the town's leading hotel, attracted celebrities visiting Brisbane for performances and other events.
Ozanam House, the St Vincent de Paul Hall in Gotha Street, Fortitude Valley opened in 1937, built to a design by J. P. Donoghue and offered another venue for dancing.
Jack Busteed ran a dance studio from 1948 in a building in Post Office Square in Adelaide Street and demonstrated jive.
The South Brisbane Tech or South Brisbane Municipal Library and Technical Institute was built in 1881 to serve as the South Brisbane Post Office.
The Trocadero Dansant opened in 1923 as a high class dance hall in South Brisbane, taking advantage of the popularity for jazz style music particular to the 1920s.
It was demolished in the 1950s to make way for the construction of the rail line connecting South Brisbane station to Roma Street station.
During World War I the regiment served on the Italian Front and distinguished itself at Monfalcone and Selz, earning a Silver Medal of Military Valour.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the squadrons group was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to draw down its forces and the Cavalleggeri di Treviso were one of the first units to disband.
On 31 March 1991 the squadrons group was deactivated and the Cavalleggeri di Treviso's war flag was transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
Placido Soler Bordas (; 22 November 1903 – 14 July 1964) was a Spanish chess player, two-times Catalan Chess Championship winner (1924, 1931).
Sitiados: México is a Mexican historical period drama web television series created by Willy Van Broock, along to Carmen Gloria López.
25 years later, he returns to collect revenge and, according to his plan, arrives at the governor's house presenting himself as Lorenzo.
With a total of 36 professorships and about 3,700 students in 12 study courses, the Department of Computer Science is the largest department of the university.
The institute was concerned with automating computing using mechanical and electromechanical devices and developing machines that could be used to solve mathematical problems.
Due to the reputation that TH Darmstadt had at that time in automatic computation research, the first congress on the subject of computer science (electronic calculators and information processing) held in German-speaking countries with international participation took place at TH Darmstadt in October 1955.
The Darmstadt Electronic Calculator (DERA), which was completed in 1959, was created with the help of the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Two decades before the invention of programming languages, algorithms were tested on the computing station and successfully used to process problems from industry.
In 1957, Walther made sure that TH Darmstadt got an IBM 650, which was the most powerful computer at that time.
In 1961, in response to Walther's efforts, the German Computer Center (DRZ) was founded in Darmstadt, the first mainframe computer center in Germany with which TH Darmstadt entered into a cooperation to train mathematical-technical assistants.
To counteract this, the Federal Committee for Scientific Research adopted a programme for the promotion of research and development in the field of data processing for public tasks on 26 April 1967.
The advisory board, which consisted mainly of representatives of universities and non-university research institutions, was responsible for the implementation of the programme.
At the seventh meeting of the advisory board on 15 November 1967, Karl Ganzhorn, who at the time was responsible for research and development at IBM Germany, signalled the problems of industry in finding skilled personnel.
The director of the Institute for Information Processing at TH Darmstadt, Piloty, pointed out that the German universities were responsible for training qualified personnel.
The committee formulated recommendations for the training of computer scientists, which provided for the establishment of a course of studies in computer science at several universities and technical colleges.
However, the Faculty of Electrical Engineering was the driving force, which is why in the same year the first computer science course of study in Germany was established at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering on the basis of Pilotys and Oppelts study regulations.
In the spring of 1969, Hartmut Wedekind and Robert Piloty had travelled through the USA together for several weeks to study the faculties of computer science there.
This conference met for the first time on 15 May 1972, so that on that day the Department of Computer Science was officially established.
One of the founders was Peter Schnell, who was chairman of Software AG for many years and today, with his Software AG Foundation, is one of the largest donors in Germany.
The history of business informatics goes back to Peter Mertens, who studied industrial engineering at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (TH Darmstadt).
In 1968, Peter Mertens was appointed to the first chair in the German-speaking countries focusing on economic data processing at the Johannes Kepler University Linz.
In the same year, Hartmut Wedekind, former systems consultant at IBM Germany, represented the Chair of Business Administration at TH Darmstadt for the first time.
The history of artificial intelligence goes hand in hand with the appointment of Wolfgang Bibel, who had been rejected by professors at the Technical University of Munich because they did not believe in the future of artificial intelligence.
In the winter semester 1985/1986 Bible represented the chair at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (TH Darmstadt) as deputy professor for the first time, to which the university later appointed him.
He accepted the call to TH Darmstadt on 1 October 1988 and became Professor of Intellectics at the Department of Computer Science.
He built up the necessary institutions, conferences and scientific journals and provided the necessary research programmes to establish the field of artificial intelligence.
For the academic year 1991/1992 he took over the office as Dean of the Department of Computer Science of TH Darmstadt.
In his time, he also built up his research group and made the Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt) one of the leading universities for artificial intelligence worldwide.
By 2017, twenty-five of his doctoral students or staff had become professors, so that the majority of today's German AI researchers are graduates of TU Darmstadt.
For his achievements he was honored by the Gesellschaft für Informatik as one of the ten influential minds in German AI history.
At the same time Kristian Kersting, Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, founded the initiative Artificial Intelligence at TU Darmstadt (AI•DA), a unique model that coordinates different research groups to advance the development of artificial intelligence.
Kersting was awarded in 2019 for his scientific achievements as a Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence (EurAI) and as a Fellow of the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS).
In 2019, the TU Darmstadt was selected as a founding location of ELLIS with the aim of establishing a top AI research institute.
Three years later, Darmstadts universities and research institutions founded the Competence Center for Applied Security Technology (CAST), the largest network for cyber security in the German-speaking world.
Claudia Eckert, who also headed Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology (Fraunhofer SIT) from 2001 to 2011, was appointed Professor of Information Security at the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
IT security was institutionalized in 2002 with the founding of the Darmstadt Center for IT Security (DZI), which became the Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt (CASED) in 2008.
The European Center for Security and Privacy by Design (EC SPRIDE) was founded in 2011 as a result of the efforts of Buchmann and Waidner.
In 2015, CASED and EC SPRIDE merged to form today's Center for Research in Security and Privacy (CRISP), the largest research institution for IT security in Europe.
In the same year, the German Research Foundation established the Graduate School for Privacy and Trust for Mobile Users on the initiative of Max Mühlhäuser.
One year later, the Federal Ministry of Finance decided to make the Darmstadt region an outstanding location for the digital transformation of the economy.
In a worldwide competition organized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the XMSS signature method developed by Buchmann and his team became the first international standard for post-quantum cryptography in 2018.
The history of the Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology (Fraunhofer SIT) dates back to 1961, when the German Computer Center (DRZ) was founded in Darmstadt on the initiative of Alwin Walther.
At that time, the German Data Center was equipped with one of the most powerful mainframe computers in Germany, making it the first mainframe data center in Germany.
Under the direction of Heinz Thielmann, the Institute increasingly dealt with IT security issues and with the advent of the Internet, IT security became increasingly important, so that in 1998 it was renamed the Institute for Secure Telecooperation.
In 1975, José Luis Encarnação founded the Research Group Graphic Interactive Systems (GRIS) at the Department of Computer Science of the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt.
In 1977 he and his research group introduced the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) as the first ISO standard for computer graphics (ISO/IEC 7942).
A working group resulting from this cooperation was taken over by the Fraunhofer Society and the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (Fraunhofer IGD) was founded in 1987.
According to the funding report 2018 of the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Technische Universität Darmstadt received the highest number of competitive grants in the field of computer science in the period under review from 2014 to 2016.
In a competitive selection process, the DFG selects the best research projects from researchers at universities and research institutions and finances them.
The Department of Computer Science is spread over several locations, but the buildings are located in or around the city center of Darmstadt.
In 2017, the Argonaut robot, developed by a team led by Oskar von Stryk, won the ARGOS Challenge for intelligent inspection robots on oil and gas platforms, which the company Total S.A. had launched.
The current President is Mustafa Muhummed Omer (Cagjar, and Vice Chairman of Somali Democratic Party (SDP), elected in 22 August 2018.
Izmy Yaman Hatuwe (born on June 25, 1996) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Persela Lamongan in the Liga 1 as a midfielder, he can also operate as a left back.
In November 2011, its 38.5% stake was acquired by Mukesh Ambani owned Infotel Broadband and the investment was done through an affiliate company Reliance Strategic Investments for an undisclosed amount.
In May 2017, the company launched the test preparation and coaching centres for entrance examinations like Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced, Medical, and Pre Foundation and has classroom coaching centers in Jaipur, Bhopal, Indore, Lucknow, and Haldwani.
In September 2015, Extramarks launched an Android app called Extramarks Smart Study, which allows students to study for Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and ICSE curricula, ranging from pre-primary (kindergarten) and Class 1 to Class 12.
In August 2017, it developed an app called Total Learning, which allows students to access the curriculum-mapped learning solutions at home and lets teachers and parents track and monitor the student's performance.
In October 2017, Extramarks Education was tied up with Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) to provide digital learning solutions to BSNL users.
The company partnered with Power Grid Corporation of India to offer digital solutions at Indian Army-run schools in Jammu and Kashmir in January 2018.
The digital solutions learning programme, facilitated by Extramarks was inaugurated by General Bipin Rawat, the Chief of the Army Staff (India) at Army Goodwill School, Pahalgam, on May 25, 2018.
Three hours after the polls closed, the result was clear enough for Moderate Party leader Fredrik Reinfeldt to declare himself the victor and for Göran Persson to announce his resignation as Prime Minister and as leader of the Social Democratic Party.
The Speaker had asked Reinfeldt to begin this formation on 19 September but, as is usual, requested the Cabinet of Göran Persson to stay on as a caretaker government until the Riksdag formally elected a new prime minister.
The election result is historic in being the worst result for the Social Democrats ever in a general election with universal suffrage (introduced in 1921) and the best result for the Moderates since 1928.
Minor parties, that are not represented in the Riksdag, got a total of 5.7% of the votes, which was an increase of 2.6 percentage points, compared to the 2002 election.
Behind this increase lay a great success for the Sweden Democrats, gaining 2.9% (+1.5 percentage points) and thus surpassing the limit (2.5%) for gaining governmental financial support for the next four years.
Although the results for the Moderates and the Social Democrats both were rounded to 26.9 %, the Moderates were the largest party in Uppsala Municipality by 15 votes or 26.89 % versus 26.88 %.
Although both tallies were rounded to 46.5 %, the left bloc won Markaryd Municipality by one vote or 46.51 % versus 46.49 %.
Croatia qualified for and competed in three consecutive World Cup tournaments between 1998 and 2006, but failed to qualify for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa after finishing 3rd in Group 6 behind England and Ukraine.
Although they had joined both FIFA and UEFA by 1992, they were unable to enter the 1994 World Cup as qualification had started before the side was officially recognised as a state.
In the following three World Cup groups they were eliminated after finishing third in all of them, before finally advancing further than the group stage at the 2018 World Cup.
On 11 July 2018, Croatia won their semi-final match against England, advancing the national team to their first FIFA World Cup final wherein they secured second place as runners-up against winners France.
The following table provides a summary of the complete record of each Croatia manager including their results regarding World Cups and European Championships.
directly subject to the Holy See, that extends its jurisdiction over all the Eastern Catholic faithful of the Byzantine Rite who live in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
The presence of Catholic faithful of the Byzantine rite in Central Asia dates back to the 17th century, but was sporadic until the 20th century, when their number increased considerably due to the forced mass deportations carried out in the Stalinist era.
From 1939 to 1953, some 150,000 faithful of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church were transferred to Central Asia: most of them were to Kazakhstan.
About 150 priests were deported with the faithful, including the blessed martyrs Oleksiy Zarytskyi and Nykyta Budka, and the Servant of God Alexander Chira.
After 1991, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union the activities of the Catholic Church, even of the Byzantine rite, became normal.
Greek-Catholic parishes were erected in Karaganda, Pavlodar, Astana, Satbayev, Shiderty and Almaty: in addition to these parishes the Byzantine rite Catholics form a dozen communities, scattered in other places.
In 1996 here was appointed by the Holy See an Apostolic Visitor, who was replaced in 2002 by Apostolic Delegate and depended from the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.
The Headies Award for Best Collaboration is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards.
It is a short narrow street mostly known for public display of decorative and artistic plaques dedicated to writers who have lived and worked in Vilnius or otherwise have shared a connection with Vilnius and Lithuania.
The artwork was first added in 2009 when Vilnius was designated as the European Capital of Culture and has grown to some 200 plaques.
Its name originates from the many printing houses and bookstores which were located in the street or from the fact that prominent poet Adam Mickiewicz briefly lived there in 1823.
The historical context of the work is the Long Turkish War and the loss of the position of the southern Slavs in the rule of the Ottoman Empire after the hanging of Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu (March 3, 1578) and the assassination of Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (October 11, 1579).
The Venetian Republic, through its protégés, Validе Sultanas, succeeded in displacing the Republic of Dubrovnik from its position in the Mediterranean trade by constructing a port in Split.
Typically, these are made of latex or silicone rubber and designed to be pulled over the head as a form of theatrical makeup or disguise.
Mass civilian casualties of Israeli bombing, shelling and rocket attacks on the Gaza Strip have occurred in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in which Israeli bombing attacks on the Gaza Strip cause numerous civilian fatalities.
The reason for such operations is purportedly to carry out targeted assassinations of militants from Hamas, Islamic Jihad and other groups seen to be a threat to Israel, whose Shin Bet data banks monitor thousands of Palestinians for targeting.
Israel regards such cases as either unfortunate 'errors', the consequence of civilians being used to shield militants or as acceptable collateral damage.
On 22 July 2002 an Israeli F-16 dropped a one ton bomb on the three-story apartment where Salah Shehade and his family, together with numerous other families, dwelt in the midst of the Daraj residential neighbourhood of Gaza City full of many other apartment blocks.
The then Israeli Minister for Defense, Benjamin Ben-Eliezer, stated that their information was that no civilians were in the building at the time.
Dan Halutz, a year latter, admitted that when taking the decision, both the government and the IDF were fully aware Shehadeh's wife was with him, but went ahead with the operation nonetheless.
Halutz in an interview where he called on NGOs like Gush Shalom to be incriminated for treason for exposing the realities, also stated no changes would be made in the decision-making and operational procedures that led to the bombing.
In protesting the operation, 27 Israeli pilots signed a letter expressing their refusal to continue to participate in bombing flights over Gaza.
The Zeitoun Incident took place on 5 January 2009 during Operation Cast Lead, after members of the Samouni extended family had been herded out of their homes and told to relocate in another building.
In a dawn raid on the 4th, a raid into one Samouni house, using grenades and live fire, killed Ateya al-Samouni and severely wounded a four year old child, Ahmad, who was refused medical treatment.
One of the Samoiuni men was fluent in Hebrew from working as a mechanic in Israel for 35 years and introduced the gathered members of Samouni family to Givati soldiers.
The men were blindfolded and led away, and eventually 100 people, mostly women and children, were corralled into a cement block warehouse for storing fruit and vegetables.
The day after the latter was subject to artillery fire and missiles from either a drone or an Apache helicopter overhead, killing 21 members of Wa'el al-Samouni's family while wounding dozens of others.
The airstrike was ordered by Colonel Ilan Malka, then commander of the Givati Brigade, who had called up the attack after interpreting drone photographs of a cache of wooden boards the family had stacked to light a fire and heat water as rocket propelled grenades.
The men had ventured out that morning through the front door to scrounge up some firewood, and an Israeli military outpost lay a mere 80 metres away, troops were positioned on rooftops and patrols were regular with frequent interactions with local residents.
Three days later, the IDF finally permitted Palestinian rescue teams to enter the area, and recovered 13 family members, several children, still alive.
On their evacuation, the IDF bulldozed the house, and, after the conclusion of hostilities, family members came across hands and legs still poking out up from the rubble.
Malka was reprimanded later for using tank fire on heavily populated areas and was then appointed supervisor in the Israeli prison Service(Shabas), at least half of whose detainees are Palestinian.
Despite investigations both by an internal command unit and a Military Police Investigation Unit, according to B'Tselem, no reason has ever been forthcoming for the shelling.
In May 2012 Mag's Major Dorit Tuval stated that investigations excluded claims civilians were deliberately harmed or the victims of criminal negligance.
For the period in question, they did indict a soldier for stealing a Palestinian civilian's credit card, another for using a 9-year-old boy as a human shield, and a third for the manslaughter of a Palestinian whose identity was not known.
On 9 January 2014, at around 4 pm, Israel launched at a minimum four mortar shells which caused 35 dead at two different sites, in Jabalia, within 100 metres of each other, and an estimated 40 other casualties.
One shell landing in the courtyard of the al-Deeb family home where, unable to purchase bread, the family had sat down to bake it, and killed 11 people gathered there, while the other three hit al-Fakhura street, killing another 24.
The Goldstone Mission concluded that firing mortars into an area were 1,368 people were crowded, in a nearby UNWRA school, in order to kill a small number of militants - Israel later alleged a mortar had been fired at their forces from somewhere in that vicinity - cannot meet the terms of proportionality for warranting the military advantage gained thereby.
In what it called Operation Protective Edge launched on 8 July 2014, Israel announced it would strike houses of senior Palestinian activists in Gaza and residences which were deemed operative centres.
To avoid casualties, it stated a roof knocking procedure and telephone warnings would be given in advance to alert civilians inside to evacuate within 5 minutes.
At about 1:30 pm on 8 July 2014, the families in Ahmad Kaware's apartment block were informed of the imminent bombing of their 3-storey 7 apartment home, and were instructed to leave.
An hour and twenty minutes later, at 2:50 pm, a drone-launched missile was observed to have struck the building's solar heated water tank on the roof.
As the missile flew to its target, people were observed on the roof, but no technical means were available to avert the attack.
In its initial declaration the IDF stated that this and other homes bombed that day were attacked because they were the homes of militants.
A later comuniqué, reportedly adjusting the justification in order to comply with international law distinctions, reframed the bombing as one aimed at operative military centres.
At 11:40 pm on the same day, 8 July 2014, just as the family had retired to bed, the home of Hafez Hamad in Beit Hanoun was bombed without, according to B'Tselem, any prior warning.
At 11.30 pm on 9 July 2014, during the opening phase of Israel's attack on the Gaza Strip, 9 youths gathered at the Fun Time Beach café run by the al-Sawalli family on the beachfront at al-'Izbeh, near Khan Younis to watch a match between Argentina and the Netherlands in the 2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage were killed when an Israeli missile destroyed the shack.
Around midnight on 1 August 2014, without prior warning, an Israeli airstrike struck the home of Rafat Oudeh Mohammed Zoroub in western Rafah killing 15 family members, 4 women and 11 children, A further 4 people in the building at the time were wounded.
On late Sunday afternoon, 5 May 2019, a complex in the al-'Atatrah neighborhood comprising a grocery store and 3 residential units, owned and inhabited by the extended al-Madhun family in the western sector of Beit Lahiya were targeted for an airstrike.
The purpose of the strike was to kill 'Abdallah al-Madhun the son, known to be a local operative for Islamic Jihad's armed wing, Saraya Al-Quds.
On 5 May 2019 at 5:40 pm in succession three Israeli missiles, including a GBU-39 series guided bomb, struck the lower floors of the 6 floor Zoroub building in Rafah.
Both Moamer and Shaer were, according to a survivor, seated in the café on the second floor when, several seconds later, two further missiles struck.
Local testimonies said that Islamic Jihad had had a media office in the building, until they moved to another location three months earlier.
Three hours after the al-Madhun strike, at 8 pm on Sunday 5 May 2019 an Israeli airstrike on a building in the Sheikh Zayed residential complex of Beit Lahiya killed six civilians from two families resident on the top fifth floor.
According to testimony by the al-Jidyan couple's surviving son, Muhammad Abu al-Jidyan, no prior warning, either by telephone or roof knocking had been given.
After the Israeli targeted assassination of Baha Abu al-Ata triggered a round of fighting, Gazan militants responded and the incidents escalated.
Over two days 34 Gazans, half of them according to Palestinian sources, civilians, were killed, while 111 were injured and 63 Israelis required medical treatment.
Just before hostilities ended, 9 members of the Malhous family, including five children and two women, related to the Bedouin Al-Sawarka clan, were killed when an IAF air raid deployed two fighters armed with four JDAMs to target two flimsy tin sheds in Deir al-Balah, one of several in a complex of rundown shacks and greenhouses, where the family lived.
The high resolution aerial photography available for such targeting should have revealed that what the Israeli military called a compound, to be nothing more than two shacks.
According to local sources they were a simple sheep and goat-herding folk who had resided there, in a shack devoid of water and electricity, for a long time, some claimed 20 years.
It is no secret, Gazan sources say, that top commanders in the area do not live in squalor, as did the family of Abu Malhous.
Initially the IDF's Arabic-language spokesman, Avichay Adraee falsely claimed that the father Abu Malhous had been in command of Islamic Jihad's rocket squadrons in central Gaza.
The report was declared to be false by Haaretz, and admitted to be so later by Israeli Defence officials who looked into the matter.
It was reported that Avichay Adraee based his statement on a rumour circulating among civilian users of an Israeli Telegram group, and that the army's original identification of the shack as terrorist infrastructure was based on rumours in social media.
It emerged that Israeli intelligence hadn't reportedly controlled the target for a year prior to the strike, that no check had been conducted to ensure civilians were not present, and that the site had not been reexamined by Israeli intelligence agencies in the preceding months.
Islamic Jihad identified the photo of the assumed Jihad militant provided by the IDF spokesman as the victim of the strike as that of another person, a commander in Rafah, who is still alive.
Eleven other members, including his third wife Wesam and six of their children, were recovered in critical condition at the al-Aqsa Hospital in Gaza City.
Abu Malhous's brother, Mohammad, an employee of the Palestinian Authority which constitutes the opposition to Hamas rule, was also listed as one of the 34 casualties.
In December 2019, the Israeli investigation admitted a mistake had been made from an error in its data base, that had failed to note that it was a civilian area with, in the IDF's view, had some military use', for which Palestinian factions were to blame.
Had they been Israeli citizens, the state would have moved heaven and earth to avenge the blood of its famous little boy, and the world would have reeled in shock at the cruelty of Palestinian terror.
Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip, said that it would call on the International Criminal Court to look into the incident.
Farhan Haq, speaking for the office of UN Secretary General António Guterres, urged Israel to move swiftly to investigate the incident.
The governing power of the Gaza Strip, Hamas, broached the idea of asking the International Criminal Court to examine the incident.
Club Sportiv Viitorul Ianca, commonly known as Viitorul Ianca (), or simply as Ianca, is a Romanian football club based in Ianca, Brăila County.
Founded in 2003 as the second team of town, after Liga III member Petrolul Brăila, the club reached the third tier twice, now being the only active football club in the locality known for oil exploitation.
Although launched harder in the Romanian football elite due to the smaller economic strength of the locality and the lower importance of the drilling rig, compared to Ploiești or Moreni, Petrolul Ianca Brăila had a brilliant journey in the late 1980s and with consistent developments during the 1990s.
This was going to be their last participation in the second tier, but the club near Brăila continued to register important results in the third tier, where it was ranked second on three occasions: 1996, 1998 and 1999.
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 took Petrolul Ianca Brăila to dissolution and one of the new clubs from the city that tried to continue the football tradition was Viitorul Ianca.
In 2009 Viitorul promoted as well, also being reorganized administratively, reason for which the year 2009 appears on the logo of the club, but has relegated after one season spent at this level.
The third team that tried to be the main team of the town, Fortino, won Liga IV – Brăila County in 2012, but subsequently lost the promotion play-off and was dissolved.
With CSO and Fortino dissolved, Viitorul Ianca took its chance and started to impose itself as the new team of Ianca, finally being also supported by the town, both financially and emotionally and promoting back in the Liga III in 2019, when it won Liga IV – Brăila County and the promotion play-off match against Mausoleul Mărășești, Vrancea County champions.
The stadium was built in the 1980s and renovated in 2009 with the support of the Town of Ianca and the Brăila County Youth and Sport Directorate.
She produced numerious watercolours of Edinburgh Old Town street scenes, three of which are now in the art collection of the City of Edinburgh.
She was a frequent exhibitor with the Royal Scottish Watercolour Society and also, on occasion, with the Royal Academy in London, the Royal Scottish Academy, the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and the Aberdeen Artists Society.
Chris Tang Ping-keung, PDSM (, born 4 July 1965 with family root in Dongguan, Guangdong) is the current Commissioner of Police of the Hong Kong Police Force since 19 November 2019.
According to the Hong Kong Police, Chris Tang has received training and education from various institutions, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy in Quantico, Virginia, Royal College of Defence Studies, in London, the China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong, Shanghai; Chinese People's Public Security University and Chinese Academy of Governance in Beijing.
According to the Hong Kong Police he holds a Bachelor's degree in Social Science, a Master's degree in Business Administration and a Master's degree in International Security and Strategy.
According to his official police biography Tang was educated at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and received a Bachelor's degree in Social Science in 1987.
He was seconded to Interpol General Secretariat in Lyon as a specialised officer from 2006 to 2008, before he was promoted in the organisation as the head of Criminal Organisation and Violent Unit.
According to his official biography in 2015, Tang was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Police and discharged duties as regional commander of Hong Kong Island and Assistant Commissioner, Personnel.
He was promoted to the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner and appointed as Director of Operations before he became Deputy Commissioner of Police (Operations).
Tang was appointed the Commissioner of Police by the State Council of China in November 2019, succeeding Stephen Lo amid the widespread 2019 Hong Kong protests, at a time when police were under unrelenting criticism for excessive use of force.
Also Gerard Kroone known for the fact that in 1919 and 1923 he played three matches with the future World Chess Champion Max Euwe and the first match ended in a draw 5:5.
Of these, two are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The listed buildings consist of a chruch, a cross in the churchyard, the surviving tower of an abbey church, a house, and a milepost.
Kenneth Wachter Benner (May 6, 1904 - September 10, 1975) was a decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Brigadier general.
A graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he trained as Anti-Aircraft Artillery officer and participated in the Defense of Pearl Harbor, Guadalcanal Campaign and Battle of Okinawa.
Kenneth W. Benner was born on May 6, 1904 in Piqua, Ohio, the son of realtor and merchant Walter Phillip Benner and his wife Daisy.
He graduated from the Piqua High School in summer 1921 and worked for one year as a reporter for the Piqua Dailly Call, before receiving an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland.
Among them were: Arthur H. Butler, Russell N. Jordahl, Nels H. Nelson, Elmer H. Salzman, Edward W. Snedeker, Thomas A. Wornham, Roy M. Gulick, Hartnoll J. Withers, James S. Russell, Laurence H. Frost, C. Wade McClusky, Robert B. Pirie, Charles L. Carpenter, Tom Hamilton and Henry C. Bruton.
He was subsequently ordered to the Basic School at Philadelphia Navy Yard for basic officer training, which he completed in February 1927 and remained in Philadelphia until the end of August that year, when he was attached to the 1st Brigade of Marines and embarked for Haiti.
He participated in the patrolling against Cacos bandits until September 1929, when he was ordered back to the United States and attached to the Marine Corps Base San Diego.
By the end of June 1930, Benner was ordered to Hawaii, where he was assigned to the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard.
He served in this capacity until July 1935, when he was ordered to the Army Coast Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Virginia.
He was subsequently ordered to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, where he served as an instructor of anti-aircraft artillery until April 1940.
He was subsequently ordered to Hawaii and joined the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, where he participated in the newly established Marine defense battalions program.
Marine defense battalions, a special marine units, which were designated the defense force of the Pacific naval bases and should be placed on Midway Atoll, Wake Island, Johnston Atoll and Palmyra Atoll.
Benner was ordered with detachment of one officer, eight enlisted marines and two navy hospital corpsmen, to Midway Atoll in July 1940 and relieved Captain Samuel G. Taxis and his detail.
Benner then served as Battery Commander the similar duties on Wake Island until November 1941, when he was appointed Commanding officer of the 3-inch Antiaircraft Group and the Headquarters and Service Battery of the 3rd Defense Battalion under Colonel Robert H. Pepper.
He was present at Pearl Harbor during Japanese attack on December 7, 1941 and commanded his group during the defense combats.
Benner then assumed command of 90mm Anti Aircraft Group of twelve guns and accompanied his unit to Guadalcanal in mid-August 1942 with the task of the anti-aircraft protection of Henderson Field captured by Marines few days earlier.
He was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel on August 7, 1942 and assumed command of 3rd Defense Battalion on May 15, 1943.
Lieutenant colonel Benner was ordered to Hawaii in August 1943 and was appointed a member of the Joint Staff, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet under Admiral Chester Nimitz.
He served in the Planning section, Logistics Division until December 1944 and was decorated with Navy Commendation Medal by Nimitz for preparation of plans for advanced bases in the Central Pacific area, captured from the Japanese.
He was responsible for the co-ordination of Army, Navy and Marine Corps efforts in the disposition of forces required for the operation and maintenance of the advance bases.
His command was formed by III Marine Amphibious Corps and consisted of the 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 16th Antiaircraft Artillery (formerly Defense) Battalions.
Benner led his Group during the Okinawa Campaign and as Senior Anti-Aircraft Artillery officer, he was responsible for the coordinating the disposition and operation of his organic radar with that of the Air Warning Squadrons in order to ensure maximum surface and lowangle electronic surveillance for defense against enemy air attacks.
By the end of April 1945, his Anti-Aircraft Artillery group was responsible mainly for the defense of Yontan area and also for Yontan-Kadena sector.
Following the War, Benner was ordered to Washington, D.C., where he was appointed to the Personnel Division, Headquarters Marine Corps under Major general John T. Walker.
He served as Assistant Director of Personnel for several months in 1950 and later was ordered to the Coronado, California, where he joined the headquarters of Amphibious Training Command, Pacific Fleet under Brigadier general John T. Selden.
He later served as Commanding officer, Marine Barracks at Brooklyn Navy Yard until 1955, when he was appointed Commanding officer, Service Battalion at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.
Benner remained in this capacity until June 30, 1956, when he retired from active service and was advanced to the rank of brigadier general for having been specially commended in combat.
Upon his retirement from the Marine Corps, Benner settled in Columbus, Ohio, where he died on September 10, 1975, aged 71.
He traded in England before moving to South Africa and becoming the first agent for the Standard Bank of South Africa in Port Elizabeth.
Croll's early career was spent in Britain trading as a merchant with South Africa from Hastings in Sussex, possibly importing wheat or wine.
From at least 1845 he was resident in South Africa trading as a merchant in the Colony of Cape of Good Hope.
His wife was related to the wealthy diamond merchant Richard Townroe (1831-1889) and Croll may have had involvement in that trade.
In 1863, as Alexander Croll & Company, he was the first agent for the Standard Bank of South Africa, discounting bills for the bank through his offices in Port Elizabeth through which the bank started operations in the colony.
He became a director of the bank and was also a director of the London and South African Bank and Graham's Town Fire and Marine Assurance Company.
Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library or SEAL is a free and open-source cross platform software library developed by Microsoft Research that implements various forms of homomorphic encryption.
It is open-source (under the MIT license) and written in standard C++ without external dependencies and so it can be compiled cross platform.
By default, data is compressed using the DEFLATE algorithm which achieves significant memory footprint savings when serializing objects such as encryption parameters, ciphertexts, plaintexts, and all available keys: Public, Secret, Relin (relinearization), and Galois.
Paulette Sybil Flint (born 25th November 1953) is a local historian and author in Gladstone, Queensland, Australia and is an independent history columnist for The Observer (Gladstone).
On graduation from Gladstone State High School, Flint won a State Scholarship and then went on to graduate with a Diploma of Teaching (Dip.
She then transferred to Kin Kora State School, Gladstone, where she taught lower school and acted in the capacity of Key Teacher for the Year 2 Net.
Flint attended the Summer School for Teachers in January 2007 which was seen by the Australian Government as a reward for high-achieving teachers.
In 2007 she was employed at Kin Kora State School as Special Education Teacher, and was promoted to Head of Department (Head of Special Education Services) at Kin Kora State School, Gladstone.
Flint joined the Genealogical Society Gladstone District Incorporated (then known as Genealogical Society of Queensland, Gladstone branch) early in 1992 and has held various management committee positions from 1992 - present.
For 21 years, this annual community event has involved students interviewing and writing the life stories of seniors over the age of 70, who have lived in the Gladstone area for over 30 years.
The stories are printed in a collectors’ section of The Observer (Gladstone) and are displayed with photos and memorabilia from the seniors at the exhibition at the Gladstone Regional Art Gallery and Museum.
Flint is regularly consulted when local history information is sought and was involved in research for some local mysteries, such as finding the descendants of Reverend John Campbell after his 100-year-old diary was discovered in a charity bin in Gladstone in 2012.
Flint assisted in locating living relatives of one of the Australian soldiers who had left graffiti in the Naour tunnels on the Western Front.
According to an AERES report from December 2013, the CMLS is an excellent institute for fundamental mathematics with an abundant scientific output at the highest international level.
Despite its small size, the CMLS is a prestigious institute in mathematics, with its tradition of excellence in fundamental research, its outstanding mathematicians, its international influence, the seminars it co-hosts, and its editorial activity.
The Mathematics Center was officially established on May 1, 1965, with a Scientific Council composed of Laurent Schwartz, Pierre Samuel, François Bruhat and Jean-Pierre Kahane, and actually began its activity in 1966.
The municipal territory is bathed by the bay of Mussulo, managing two islands that are in this one, being the islet of Birds and the island of Desterro.
Beers can be aged in barrels to achieve a variety of effects, such as imparting flavours from the wood (from tannins and lactones) or from the previous contents of the barrels, or causing a Brettanomyces fermentation.
The flavours imparted by oak barrels differ widely depending on the oak species, the growing area, and how the wood has been treated.
Timmermans is one of the oldest existing breweries, dating back to 1702, and the production of the blended lambic derivative gueuze is believed to have started in the same year.
Rodenbach Classic contains a blend of young beer with beer matured on oak for two years, whereas Rodenbach Vintage consists entirely of beer that has matured for two years in one selected foeder.
Another Belgian sour beer style, Oud bruin is not typically barrel-aged, although there are some examples from both Belgium and North America.
Large oak vats were once the norm for fermentation and storage of beer in England, a fact made notorious when one of these burst in London in 1814, killing eight people.
In the era of craft beer, some breweries produce exclusively barrel-aged beers, notably Belgian lambic producer Cantillon, and sour beer company The Rare Barrel.
Others also specialise in barrel-ageing particular beer styles, such as Põhjala which has a focus on Baltic porters and Jester King with its Méthode Traditionnelle.
The microflora from the wood contribute to a spontaneous fermentation and brewing activity was concentrated on the colder months of the year to avoid spoilage.
The barrels used by traditional Belgian lambic breweries can be up to 150 years old, and the lambic ageing process typically lasts from one to three years.
New barrels are rarely used by lambic brewers - instead used barrels are procured from the wine regions of Spain, Portugal, Greece, and especially France.
Most pipes are used port wine barrels that came into wide use in lambic production after World War I when port became a popular drink in Belgium.
However, the High Council for Artisanal Lambic Beers (HORAL) objected to the name, and the two parties arranged a meeting in Belgium.
Imperial stouts are often aged in bourbon barrels, which impart flavours of American oak (coconut, dill, sweet spices), accentuated by charring of the barrel interior.
Each distillery uses its own blend of oak and its own level of charring, leading to distinct differences in the sorts of flavours that brewers can derive from the used barrels.
This means that a barrel can only be used once to age true bourbon whiskey, a fact that turns a used barrel into a surplus item for a bourbon distillery.
It was first produced by Greg Hall in Chicago in 1992, when Jim Beam gave the brewer a couple of used barrels.
Chicago also hosts an annual Festival of Wood- and Barrel-Aged Beer (FoBAB), the world's largest beer festival and competition of its kind.
Some early successes were Founders KBS (Kentucky Breakfast Stout), The Bruery's Black Tuesday and The Lost Abbey's Angel's Share (barley wine).
The result was the Ola Dubh range of barrel-aged black ales, aged in whisky casks of varying ages up to 40 years.
Since bourbon barrels are only used once, they are often sold on to producers of other spirits who eventually sell them on again to breweries for barrel-ageing beer.
The Bruery, which specializes in experimental barrel-aged and sour beers, has used bourbon, rye, brandy, rum, tequila, Scotch whisky and many other spirit barrels to age beer for anywhere from six to eighteen months.
Unlike bourbon barrels, whose alcohol content kills off bacteria like Lactobacillus and Pediococcus and the wild yeast Brettanomyces, emptied wine barrels are often a breeding ground for them.
While these microflora are considered a problem for most brewers and winemakers, they are essential in the creation of the many sour beer styles inspired by Belgium's sour ale tradition.
In 1997, brewmaster Vinnie Cilurzo began making a series of heavily wine-influenced beers, like Temptation (chardonnay barrels), Supplication (pinot noir) and Consecration (cabernet sauvignon).
Allagash's Brewing's Coolship range of beers are sponaneously fermented and aged in French oak wine barrels, for one to three years.
French oak is denser, more mildly flavoured, and far more expensive than American oak, as its flavour contributions are thought to be more balanced.
An example is Great Divide's Oak Aged Yeti Imperial Stout, which is aged on a blend of French and toasted oak chips.
In 2017 Innis & Gunn decided that barrel ageing didn't need to take place in a barrel and could be done in as little as five days.
They attempted to redefine the term to include a forced, wood flavouring process that only they use and that the rest of the industry doesn't recognise as barrel-ageing.
A backlash from other brewers using the term in its traditionally understood sense ensued and the outcome is, to date, unresolved.
While cleaning the gutters, the ladder falls and Greg is stuck on the roof until he climbs in through the bathroom window.
Greg is stressed due to a school-wide test, and he details that a large hole has been cut in the side of the house, exposing an infestation of wasps and mice.
An extension to the house is destroyed for being too close to a neighbor's residence, and the rest of the inheritance money is spent on fixing the hole.
Later, Susan tells Greg that his school's funding is being cut due to low scores on the test, suggesting that they move neighborhoods and to a new school district.
Greg's family attempts to sell their own house, which is successful when a family chooses to buy it on the condition that the hot tub is removed.
As Greg tries to explain his departure to Rowley, he learns of a scheduling error and sees that his house is already being moved out.
The buyers now decide against moving in, and Greg admits that he was not ready to move, glad to remain Rowley's best friend.
He realized that he had not yet written a book about Greg moving and considered the idea a good fit for the series.
For the most part, we're all dealing with the same kinds of things – kids and teachers and pets and bullies and homework.
Carrie R. Wheadon from Common Sense Media gave the book four out of five stars and praised it for having positive messages.
She competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England and the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia, finishing 7th and 10th respectively.
She is also a five time National Champion, winning two indoor titles in 2001 and 2006 and three outdoor titles in 2004, 2005 and 2006.
The album title refers to the process of learning to walk, be it that of a small individual or of all humanity.
Lyrically, the band positions itself against xenophobia which alternates with lyrics regarding Kloß' and Stolle's parenthood as well as the loss of Kloß' father.
Lancaster's Middle Cemetery is located south of the town's current village center, on the east side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 70), south of the Nashua River.
It occupies a roughly rectangular lot about in size, fronted by a low stone retaining wall and fringed by woodlands, fields, and a railroad right-of-way to its east.
Two entrances in the wall provide access, marked by granite posts, and vehicular circulation within the cemetery is provided by unpaved tracks.
Burials in the cemetery include descendants of many of the town's early settlers (who are themselves mostly interred in the nearby Old Settlers' Burying Ground), and the site of Lancaster's first and second meeting houses is marked near its northeast corner.
Its first meeting house was built on this parcel in 1657; it was burned (along with all the other builings in the town) in a 1675 Native American attack in King Philip's War.
This site remained otherwise vacant until 1798, when the town acquired one acre for use as a cemetery, its first two cemeteries nearing capacity.
Geologica Belgica is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing papers concerning all aspects of the earth sciences, with a particular emphasis on the regional geology of Belgium, North West Europe and central Africa.
The remaining whorls are rather flat with 8 dense ribs (continuing to the base of the body whorl) and crossed by spiral lirae forming nodules (4 in the penultimate whorl, 10 in the body whorl).
The film features Prabha, Udhai and newcomer Unni Maya in lead roles, with Sarvamathi, Padmakumar, Kadhal Dhandapani, Mahanadi Shankar and Tiruppur Selvaraj playing supporting roles.
The film begins with Kesavan (Udhai), after serving a prison sentence, being on a train back home to Palani and he reminisces about his past.
Aadhi lived with his widow mother and worked in a small workshop while Kesavan lived with his wealthy family and he was jobless.
One day, Kesavan scolded Aparanji (Unni Maya) at the hospital for not doing her job well but later, he felt guilty for insulting her and wanted to apologize.
Thereafter, he came to know that Aparanji was a medical student who was on an educational trip in Palani and they eventually befriended.
Kesavan was still afraid of expressing his love but Aparanji finally came to know about it and she gave him a love letter before going to her native town Tiruppur.
At a jewellery shop, Kesavan bought bangles for his lover with his friend Aadhi and a police inspector (Mahanadi Shankar) suspected him of stealing his wife's bangles.
In Tiruppur, Aadhi challenged Subramani in his house that his friend Kesavan will marry Aparanji but their first attempt failed as Thirthagiri (Tiruppur Selvaraj) intervened.
Later, Subramani explained to the four friends that the gangster Thirthagiri wanted him to give his daughter to his brother but Subramani refused.
The 2020 Montreal Impact season was the club's 27th season of existence, and their 9th in Major League Soccer, the top tier of the Canadian soccer pyramid.
Montreal has eight slots allotted from the league and the team acquired one spots in a trade with the Nashville SC.
Lancaster's Old Settlers' Burying Ground is located south of the town's current village center, on the east side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 70), south of the Nashua River.
It occupies about , located at some distance from the roadway, between local railroad tracks and the Nashua River on an elongated rise largely surrounded by wetlands.
Its accessible either via the eastern end of the town's Middle Cemetery, or via an unpaved cart track roughly paralleling the river north of that cemetery.
Its oldest markers exhibit crude carving, and the oldest identifiable burial is the grave of Dorothy Prescott, who died in 1674.
Its first meeting house was built on what is now the Middle Cemetery, and land nearby was apparently set aside at an early date for a burying ground.
Most early burials in the community are believed to have been informal, on family properties, and often without any formal markers.
It is not known where the roughly 50 victims of the attack are buried; the town was abandoned for five years after the attack, and burials may have been either here or near where the victims were slain.
In 1937, the locally prominent Thayer family gave additional land to this cemetery at its eastern end, and it is there where a number of its deceased are interred.
Patna – Ranchi AC Express is a Fully Air Conditioned Express train belonging to South Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between and in India.
On 17 February 2019, this Special train was converted into Express train with new numbered 18633 / 34 and became the first weekly train running between the Patna and Ranchi corridor.
The frequency of this train is weekly, it covers the distance of 424 km with an average speed of 41 km/hr.
The Ohio Valley Premier League (OVPL) is a United States Adult Soccer Association affiliated through US Club Soccer that includes teams from Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.
The Ohio Valley Premier League (OVPL) has received sanctioning from US Club Soccer and is set to kick off in May 2020.
A first of its kind in the region, the OVPL will seek to provide a competitive league for players of all ages, beginning with a competitive amateur men’s division.
As a league, the OVPL will operate within Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio to help local communities grow the beautiful game through competitive matches and local soccer culture.
The amateur men’s division allows for players as young as sixteen (16) years old to compete in a structure that provides an opportunity for competition in the country’s longest-running tournament in the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup.
Due to the structure of the OVPL, no players will jeopardize amateur status within their youth clubs, high schools, or universities.
With the sanctioning of the OVPL through US Club Soccer, the regionalized league is a first of its kind for the Ohio Valley area.
Brown, with additional submissions by Loren K. Wiseman, J. Andrew Keith, Tom Peters, Lester W. Smith, Gary L. Thomas, Bob Swarm, Marc W. Miller, Matt Renner, Mike Dane, Robert and Nancy Parker, and Bill Connors.
It shows the great potential for adventures set in this period of Earth’s future history, and it clearly shows the extent of each nation’s colonial presence.
It contains seven rounded whorls, reticulated with very thick somewhat distant ridges, forming at the points of intersection, three rows of large, pearl-like, slightly oblong granules.
At the time, the Korean Navy decided whether or not to build follow-up ships after finishing the operation test of the first ship.
They are armed with one gun, 1 gun, and Device Automatic Gurre Anti-missile Infrared Electromagnetic device, providing self-defence against enemy ships.
The car can be built from its predecessor, and is set to be eligible in a series of Championships worldwide, such as the European Le Mans Series, and the IMSA Prototype Challenge.
While the car was launched on the weekend of the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans, it was not physically seen until September 2019, with the car at Le Mans being a repainted M30.
On 23rd of May 2018, the Automobile Club de I'Ouest announced a brief outline for the 2020 Generation 2 Le Mans Prototype 3 (LMP3) regulations, alongside new chassis models from four approved manufacturers – Onroak Automotive (Ligier), Duqueine Automotive (Norma), ADESS AG and Ginetta being announced as granted homologation for the new ruleset.
On 7th of February 2019, the ACO announced the new 2nd Generation Le Mans Prototype 3 (LMP3) regulations, with full implementation due by 2021, and with the cars being expected to be raced from 2020 to 2024.
Following the unveiling of the car in June 2019, the car underwent its shakedown at Le Pôle Mécanique Alès-Cévennes, with Romain Dumas, at the wheel, before testing moved to the Circuit Paul Ricard, with Nico Jamin at the wheel.
The car had its public track debut during the post-season testing for the 2019 European Le Mans Series, at the Algarve International Circuit, in Portimão, alongside the Ligier JS P320.
Key differences between the Norma M30 and the Duqueine D-08 include a re-designed front-splitter, modified side pods, a new engine cover and rear wing.
Compared to the other 2020 LMP3 cars, the D-08 is 10kg heavier for the 2020 season, due to a weight penalty being imposed on the car as a result of a late submission of homologation paperwork.
Tropicultura is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original articles, research and summary notes, overviews of books and essays, announcements and reports on films / audio-visual resources concerning all fields linked to rural development, as well as sustainable management of the environment in overseas countries.
The 1962 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1962 NCAA College Division football season.
In its 14th year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 7–0–1 record (4–0–1 against conference opponents), won the Yankee Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 100 to 46.
Mockingbird Elementary School, formerly known as Stonewall Jackson Elementary School, is a public elementary school located in the Lower Greenville neighborhood, in East Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
In previous periods it had about 100 districtwide deaf students and 100 zoned families, but by 2007 the school's popularity among neighborhood parents increased.
Due to the situation, in 2012 some parents opposed a rezoning proposal to expand an area apartment complex as they feared it would make overcrowding even worse and make the district change attendance boundaries.
The school was renamed effective July 1, 2018, as the former namesake was a general in the Confederate States of America during the U.S. Civil War.
The impetus for the renaming was the Charlottesville car attack that occurred the previous year in the backdrop of the Unite the Right rally.
The school community was to choose a new name, and it was required to be substantially different from the previous one.
There were fifty proposals submitted, including one with Henderson's name; in December 2017 the community selected the current name, based on the school's Mockingbird Street location.
The school's deaf curriculum shifted to the total communication approach from the oral communication approach around 1972, and as a result the institution modified its approach to hearing aids.
By 1999, 17% of the students were classified as special education, and they were placed in classrooms with regular students as an effort to mainstream their education.
In 2011 the school had about 40 deaf students, the largest number enrolled at the time in a single DISD elementary school.
In 2018 former teachers reported that due to the increasing importance of meeting Texas state accountability goals, the school no longer gave all of its students ASL instruction.
While 87% of the students in DISD in 2010 were considered to be of low socioeconomic status, that year 30% of Stonewall Jackson students were of low socioeconomic status.
In 1996, the second grade class of Evelyn Painter began a garden, and her husband Mark Painter volunteered to help have it planted.
In 2007-2008, after Mark Painter was laid off due to DISD budget cuts, parents started a campaign called Stonewall Gardens to generate funding so the school could employ him again, and it did.
Residents of the Mockingbird zone are also zoned to: J. L. Long Middle School (6-8), and Woodrow Wilson High School (9-12).
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority () is a Bangladesh government regulatory agency under the Ministry of Science and Technology responsible for regulating nuclear energy in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority was established in 2013 after the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Act 2012 was passed by the parliament of Bangladesh.
The attack on the Medan Police's headquarters occurred on 13 November 2019, at around 8:40 AM, shortly after the conclusion of a routine morning roll call by the police officers.
According to reports, the attacker had blended in with a group queueing to obtain cerficates of good conduct before detonating the bomb in the parking lot.
Other eyewitness accounts reported the attacker wearing a jacket and backpack, and that he had attempted to rush through police examination at the building's entrance.
The attacker was initially believed to be a lone wolf, and the explosion injured four police officers and two civilians aside from killing the attacker.
Though his body was blown up, the perpetrator was identified from fingerprints as a 24-year old resident of the city, Rabbial Muslim Nasution, who had recently been an online motorcycle driver.
Initial investigations explored Nasution's connections with the Islamic State-affiliated Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD), and several of his family members were questioned by police.
According to his parents-in-law, Nasution had shown a significant change in behavior in the six months leading up to the suicide attack, which police officials linked to indoctrination by a cleric, who was being sought after by Polri.
Following the attack, Polri launched several raids in parts of the country, and a week after the attack reported that 74 terror suspects had been apprehended - more than half of which were arrested outside North Sumatra.
Some of the suspects were known to have been attending training camps in Karo Regency, and weapons including improvised firearms, airsoft guns, traditional blades, and bows were confiscated.
Deputy Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly Zulkifli Hasan commented that Polri had been caught off guard by the attack, as with the attack on security minister Wiranto.
Sitwell is the grandson of Sacheverell Sitwell, the British writer and critic, the great-nephew of Edith Sitwell, poet and critic, and is the heir presumptive to the Sitwell Baronetcy.
The organization started dedicating to the cigarette smuggling, establishing itself from the Borgo Santa Lucia to Posillipo, and from Bagnoli to Pozzuoli.
The Mazzarella clan grew rapidly and became independent from the Zazas, thanks to Ciro Mazzarella, who since the 1960s demonstrated his entrepreneurial abilities, buying small ships and starting his own smuggling empire.
In the late 1980s the Mazzarellas formed a strong alliance with the Misso and Sarno clans, called Misso-Mazzarella-Sarno, to oppose to the rising power of the Secondigliano Alliance, headed by the Licciardi, Mallardo and Contini bosses.
However, in 2008, this alliance was broken after the fall of the Sarno clan, bringing the eastern suburbs of Naples to a new and bloody war.
In 1996 Marianna, daughter of Luigi Giuliano, boss of the Giuliano clan, married Michele Mazzarella, son of Vincenzo Mazzarella, the union served to strengthen the relations between the two most important clans of Camorra in the 1990s.
The clan has a long history of rivalry with the Rinaldi clan, which caused dozens of deaths from the bloody wars between the two groups.
According to revelations made by pentitos of the clan, despite the degree of kinship among the founders of the organization, the Mazzarellas are not united as it seems, actually, each brother has an area of their own influence inside the several territories dominated by the clan.
Born in Naples on April 2, 1940, Ciro Mazzarella aka 'o Scellone, was considered the true heir of Michele Zaza, having strong relations with the Sicilian Mafia, in particular with the Catania's mafia family.
According to justice collaborators, the late boss of the Catanian mafia, Giuseppe Calderone was the godparent in the baptism of one of the Mazzarella's sons.
He was also seen in the company of Vincenzo Casillo of the Nuova Camorra Organizzata, in fact, Mazzarella never took a side in the war between the Nuova Famiglia and the NCO, despite the top position Michele Zaza held inside the NF.
In the early 1990s Mazzarella had amassed a great wealth, in 1992 he decided to move to Switzerland, after losing a war between Camorra clans in Naples.
According to the parliamentary inquiry commission of 1996, Ciro Mazzarella headed a true illegal empire: 200 billion lire in turnover, for a net profit of over 6 billion lire monthly (€4,4 million monthly, in today's exchange).
In 2002 he was arrested in Spain, and after his release from prison in 2006, he returned to live in Naples.
On September 2, 2018, Ciro Mazzarella, died in his villa in the affluent neighbourhood of Posillipo, Naples at the age of 78.
In the country, he lived in a luxurious residence and held the reins of the clan especially for the management of drug trafficking.
The Camorra boss and member of the clan, Salvatore Zazo, was allegedly involved in a large scheme of international cocaine trafficking from Peru to Europe, with the intention to acquire total control of the Port of Callao; one of his contacts was the drug lord Gerald Oropeza, one of the biggest traffickers in Peru.
According to the DEA, Zazo would manage more than U$500 million per year in shipments of cocaine through the ports of the country to Europe.
According to the reports of the DIA about the Camorra in 2019, the Mazzarella clan, despite the death of two of its founders, still one of most powerful organizations in Campania, dominating the territory in various neighbourhoods, and having numerous groups under their influence.
The current leader of the organization is Ciro Mazzarella, born in 1971, who controls the powerful organization from his stronghold in the Mercato area, in Naples.
In 2004, Bally's Belle of New Orleans managed to have the property re-assessed by the Louisiana Tax Commission for $6.5 million, citing the market prices of former casino boats, even though Bally's was still in operation at the time.
Previously in 2002, Erroll Williams, the 3rd district assessor, assessed the riverboat at $21.6 million, noting a $33 million construction cost and a 12-year depreciation schedule.
Also in 2004, a federal probe began into Bally's reduction of its tax liability by 70%, which saved the casino $1 million over 3 years.
In late 2004, Columbia Sussex, looking to become a key player in casino operations, first expressed interest in purchasing the Bally's New Orleans property.
The sale of Bally's New Orelans to Columbia Sussex was announced in late 2004 and was projected to close in 2005.
One of the reasons for the sale of the casino was avoiding competition with Harrah's New Orleans once Harrah's had acquired Caesars Entertainment, and, at the time, the Bally's property was its smallest casino.
In 2006, the Orleans Levee Board was allowed to seize the boat by a federal judge after Columbia Sussex failed to pay $1.3 million in lease payments.
Later in 2006, voters had the chance to decide whether or not to allow the boat's relocation to St. Mary Parish.
The boat had been moved from its Lake Pontchartrain location to Mobile, Alabama for repairs after it broke loose from its moorings and slammed into a pier during Hurricane Katrina.
In 2007, after the ship was repaired in Mobile, Alabama following extensive storm damage from Hurricane Katrina, the riverboat was towed to Bayou Boeuf to its new home in Amelia, Louisiana.
Since Bayou Boeuf is part of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, it is deemed one of nine channels in Louisiana where riverboat casinos are permitted.
It became the second casino in St. Mary Parish, joining the Cypress Bayou Casino in Charenton, which became the first Native casino in the state when it opened in 1993.
Prior to that, there were plans to swap the riverboats of Belle of Baton Rouge and Amelia Belle, but those plans were scrapped when Tropicana Entertainment, owner of the Belle of Baton Rouge, filed for bankruptcy.
In 2015, the site of the former Bally's on Lake Pontchartrain near the Lakefront Airport at the South Shore Marina was planned to be re-developed into an outdoor water park and music venue.
Abul Kalam Azad is a Bangladeshi journalist who is the incumbent Managing Director and Chief Editor of Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), state-run national news agency of Bangladesh.
Doğan Güzel is from Diyarbakır, a city in southeastern Turkey that is the unofficial capital of the region of Turkish Kurdistan.
He spent a year in prison before he was pardoned and released on September 16, 1999 by Turkish President Süleyman Demirel.
A photograph of Güzel in police custody with his shirt nearly torn off became a symbol for those protesting attacks on the Turkish press.
Its western terminus is at KY 1230 in Louisville and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 31W (US 31W) and US 60 in Louisville.
He was the Chief Medical Director of Maryland Specialist Hospital and a former Chairman of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital's management board.
He was popularly known as the personal physician to Moshood Abiola having been his physician before and during his arrest by Ibrahim Babangida following the controversial 1993 Nigerian presidential election.
He continued his education at St. Andrews College, Dublin, between 1961 and 1962 before going on to study at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland from 1962 to 1968.
He also worked in the Lagos State Department of Health in Surulrere from 1971 to 1972, before serving in Ikeja Government Hospital from 1972 to 1973.
The 2020 Cork Intermediate A Football Championship will be the 85th staging of the Cork Intermediate A Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
A core element running through all three proposals, put together by the Cork GAA games workgroup, was that there be a group stage of 12 teams and straight relegation and promotion.
On 2 April 2019, a majority of 136 club delegates voted for Option A which will see one round of games played in April and two more in August – all with county players available.
The book examines dozens of late 20th-century firearms, detailing the physical appearance, intended use, statistics, probability charts for accuracy at various distances, and damage.
In August 2019, WWE and Endeavor announced an expansion of their current arrangement for the WWE Network, to expand it to the production of podcasts.
The 2020 Sporting Kansas City season is the twenty-fifth season of the team's existence in Major League Soccer and the tenth year played under the Sporting Kansas City moniker.
Sporting will spend the whole of its pre-season training camp in Scottsdale, Arizona for the sixth straight year, led by Coach and Sporting Director Peter Vermes.
From January 19 to Feb. 1 and from Feb. 8-22 the club will practice in Scottsdale before kicking off its 25th season in Major League Soccer on Feb. 29 or March 1.
Homomorphic Encryption library or HElib is a free and open-source cross platform software developed by IBM that implements various forms of homomorphic encryption.
HElib was primarily developed by Shai Halevi and Victor Shoup, shortly after Craig Gentry was a researcher at IBM, with the initial release being on May 5th 2013.
The Return of the Durango Kid is a 1945 American Western film directed by Derwin Abrahams and written by J. Benton Cheney.
Miss USA World 1963 was the 2nd edition of the Miss USA World pageant and it was held in Detroit, Michigan and was won by Michele Bettina Metrinko of New York City, NY.
Yousaf Baig Mirza is a Pakistani who served as a Special Assistant on Media to the Prime Minister of Pakistan, as CEO of Express Media Group and as Managing Director (MD) of Pakistan Television (PTV).
The second stanza states that all people around the Earth, from the sunrise to sunset, hear the news of the Creator's power.
The song was set to music in choral versions, such as a three-part setting by Thomas Kiefer, published by Carus-Verlag in 2013.
He played wide receiver, defensive back and returned kicks for McQueen and was named first team All-Northern Nevada and honorable mention All-State as a senior.
He was named a Junior College All-American in his sophomore season after recording 60 receptions for 960 yards and 14 touchdowns while also returning 11 kickoffs for 418 yards and two touchdowns and 14 punts for 313 yards and a touchdown.
Aiyuk committed to transfer to Arizona State for the final two years of his NCAA eligibility over offers from Colorado State, Kansas, Tennessee and Alabama.
He chose Arizona State because it was one of the few schools that recruited him to play wide receiver, instead as only a return specialist or planned to move him to the defensive side of the ball.
In his first year with the Sun Devils, Aiyuk had 33 catches for 474 yards and three touchdowns with an additional 381 total return yards.
He was named the Pac-12 Offensive Player of the Week after catching seven passes for 196 yards and three touchdowns in a 38–34 win over Washington State on October 12, 2019.
Aiyuk was also named the conference Special Teams Player of the Week after posting 44 kickoff return yards and 76 punt return yards, 63 of which came on his first return for a touchdown at ASU, against Oregon State on November 16.
He also had a career high 10 receptions for 173 receiving yards and a touchdown in the game and his 293 all-purpose yards were the fifth-most in a single game in school history.
Aiyuk finished the season with 65 receptions for 1,192 yards and eight touchdowns, returned 14 punts for 226 yards and one touchdown and 15 kickoffs for 446 yards and was named first team All-Pac-12 as both a wide receiver and as a return specialist.
The station opened in 1896 when the line from Thessaloniki to Alexandroupolis (then Dedeagac) was completed by The Union Railway Company (Chemin de fer de la jonction Salonique–Constantinople-CJS).
Feres (Ottoman Ferret station) was the terminal, and the point where Union Railway connected to the Adrianople-Dedeagac network of the Eastern Railway Company (Chemins de fer orrientaux - CO ), which also had the privilege of operating the ports of Alexandroupolis and Thessaloniki.
The Lumbwa Treaty is an event and ceremony in the history, records and recollection of the Kipsigis which took place in Kipkelion town in 1905.
It involves two parties taking an oath and invoking a preemptive curse if the oath is to be broken by any party taking the oath.
There usually would also be a performance of black magic involving the skull of a human and a pipe connected to the bellows used by a blacksmith.
Moments leading to this event includes a move by the British to take the three Orgoik brothers (arap Buigut, arap Boisyo and arap Koilege) on a vacation to Mombasa where they held a negotiation and were given Maize which they brought back and introduced to the Kipsigis.
On the day of the Lumbwa treaty, the three brothers and their sons were given up by the Kipsigis and thus were sent to Kericho Prison.
The British decided to transfer the Orgoik from Kericho Prison to Russinga Island in preservation of their newly founded peace with Kipsigis.
The basin is officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service and the New Zealand MetService, while other meteorological services such as the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Meteo France as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.
Within the region a tropical disturbance is classified as a non-frontal system that originates over the tropics and either has enhanced atmospheric convection or some indications of cyclonic wind circulation.
A tropical disturbance is subsequently classified as a tropical depression or a tropical low, when there is a clearly defined circulation and the maximum 10-minute average wind speed is less than near the centre.
Tropical Cyclone Raquel (2014) developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, as it moved out of the region and into the Australian Region.
Unrest prevented supplies reaching the capital district of Bolivia that includes the major cities of La Paz and El Alto Other cities were also affected., but the cities of Santa Cruz and Cochabamba were also affected.
On roads into the city of Santa Cruz, supply trucks that were unable to access had been left with produce rotting.
The state-run Senkata gas plant in El Alto, which serves this city and the capital of La Paz, was blockaded by protestors demanding the return of Evo Morales to power.
After the plant was re-taken, people began waiting outside with gas canisters; fuel trucks could again leave the plant, doing so in protected police and military convoys.
He was a guest at the 2006 edition of the Big Apple Comic Con's National Comic Book, Art, Toy & Sci-Fi Expo.
Milena Patricia Tomayconsa Paricanazas (born 28 September 2001) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Municipalidad de Majes.
James J. Craven, Jr. (March 24, 1919 - June 6, 1991) was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 12th Suffolk District (includes parts of Roxbury, Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) starting in 1957.
Upon appeal, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) affirmed they lower court’s decision in Craven’s case against the State Ethics Commission.
Two major reasons he lost the election was the conflict of interest finding discussed below but also a December 1983 House reprimand for violating the legislature's code of ethics.
After he lost the election, he had been named to a $55,000 staff job with the House Rules Committee by former speaker Thomas W. McGee.
Even though he had only been in the position a few days, it allowed his pension to be increased by $18,000 per annum.
He is also known for playing a lead role in the Doyle-Flynn Bill, passed in 1978, which prohibited using Medicaid funds being used for abortions, until it was overturned in 1981.
Further, Craven and four of his brothers had formed Celtic Realty Trust and all five were named beneficiaries of the Trust.
Albert Buchwald and John Lawless, who were President and a Director of JPCDF at the time, were named as Trustees of the Trust.
The original, written by Larry DiTillio and Lynn Willis, had been 160 pages, with 44 separate player handouts (newspaper clippings, handwritten letters, business cards and a matchbox).
The new edition was expanded to 224 pages and had additional material provided by Geof Gillan, Kevin A. Ross, Thomas W. Phinney, Michael MacDonald, Sandy Petersen, and Penelope Love, with artwork by Lee Gibbons, Nick Smith, Tom Sullivan, and Jason Eckhardt.
However, the 44 handouts that had been separate pieces in the previous edition were incorporated into the book in this edition.
The book covers a campaign of sequential adventures that span the globe from New York, London, Cairo, and Kenya, to Shanghai, and pits the investigators against a world-wide cult that is attempting to complete a ritual that will call Nyarlathotep, the Crawling Chaos and Outer God, to destroy the world.
There are 45 clue handouts and the place of each in the overall jigsaw must be fully understood by the referee before granting the information to the players.
Its intricacy and open-endedness ... make it a shining example of the dizzy heights to which roleplaying can and should aspire...
If ever there was a campaign - for any roleplaying system - that could be described as a work of art, this is it.
Daniel Chabrera Ríos (born 17 February 1992) more commonly known as Dani, is a professional Spanish footballer turned coach who played and coaches as a goalkeeper.
Along with fellow teammate Marcos Senna, Dani was awarded ‘The Yellow Submarine’ (a symbol of Villarreal CF), a prestigious award given to players marking 10 years with the club.
During the summer of 2018, Dani was asked to coach the Indian National Football Team U-21s during the International Football Tournament COTIF.
In 2018, Dani’s talent was noticed by Portuguese football coach Hélder Cristóvão, who met with Dani and asked him to join him and a team of four other coaching staff in Saudi Arabia to be goalkeeper coach and coordinator for Al-Nassr FC.
After a successful season and winning both the Saudi Professional League and U-21s League, fellow Saudi club Ettifaq FC requested Dani and his coaching team to coach their final few matches of the season in an attempt to avoid relegation, in which they positively delivered.
The Milan Innovation District (MIND) site is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Milan, in the municipalities of Rho and Pero, and covers an area of 1.1 km2 (0.42 sq mi).
The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal passes through the parish, and the listed buddings associated with this are two accommodation bridges and an aqueduct.
The other listed buildings are a timber framed cottage, a large house, a road bridge, a smithy, and a pair of lodges at the entrance to Shugborough Park.
She competed in the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished 30th with a score of 2200 points.
The 2019–20 TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team represents Texas Christian University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, led by head coach Jamie Dixon in his fourth season at TCU.
The Horned Frogs compete as members of the Big 12 Conference and play their home games at Schollmaier Arena in Fort Worth, Texas.
In 1949, several members of the African-American community of Espanola, led by schoolteacher Essie Mae Mack Giddens (1927-2003), traveled to Pomona Park, Florida to gather information for building plans for a one-room schoolhouse.
The plans for a new one-room schoolhouse, to be built in Espanola, were compiled and submitted to the Flagler County School Board, which promptly approved them.
After the Flagler County School Board approved the one-room schoolhouse building plans the community raised money selling ice cream and peanuts and pooled their donation money together to purchase a lot of land and build a school in their own community, which became known as the Espanola Schoolhouse.
The Pallbearer’s Society (a mutual aid network) with assistance of the Espanola community, then constructed the building and completed it in 1950.
The Espanola Schoolhouse made it possible for the area’s non-high school age black children to attend school in their own neighborhood.
Espanola community volunteers did most of the maintenance and service for the Espanola Schoolhouse during its years of operation as a school, as the deed to the building was never transferred to the Flagler County School District.
Although the Espanola Schoolhouse was part of the Flagler County School District, it did not have running water or an indoor bathroom.
It did have a wood burning stove that provided heat on cold days, a hand operated water pump in the backyard to provide water and a single outhouse in the backyard, which provided the only bathroom facilities.
In addition to African-American children from Espanola, the nearby communities of Neoga and Bimini sent their African-American children to the Espanola Schoolhouse to be educated.
There was only one fulltime schoolteacher, Essie Mae Giddens, during the time, 1950 to 1957, which the Espanola Schoolhouse operated as a Flagler County elementary school.
Mrs. Giddens arranged all eight grades of students into separate groups in the one-room building and taught different lessons to each group throughout the day.
After the 1957 school year, the Flagler County School Board moved the first grade through the eighth grade students in the Espanola area to its black segregated elementary school in Bunnell.
Frank Giddens and Queenie Jackson, performed considerable exterior and interior repairs, installed air conditioning and added a bathroom inside the building, which enabled it to be open to the public as a clubhouse (youth center).
The Espanola Schoolhouse retains its historic appearance and character and now serves the community as the St. Paul Youth Center, which is used for academic tutoring, a social center and summer camp for the area’s disadvantaged youth.
The soffit is fitted with white aluminum ventilation panels and the fascia is fitted with white aluminum trim around the entire roof.
The entire exterior of the building is painted yellow, and the trim of the small gable roof over the front porch and its two wood pillars are painted green.
The front (east) of the building includes two large fixed double pane windows and a single wood paneled door that provides the main entrance into the building.
The south side of the building includes two large fixed double pane windows, two smaller double hung windows and a single wood paneled door that provides an entrance into the rear of the building.
The interior of the building has had one room addition in the southwest section, which is the bathroom that includes a wood stud framed wall finished with drywall, a single wood paneled door and a privacy wood stud framed wall finished with drywall which were installed in 2004.
All other walls in the interior are original to the building and are finished with stucco and painted in a dual white and yellow pattern.
The ceilings are finished with drywall, painted white and include several ceiling fans, lights and an entrance panel to a crawl space beneath the roof.
The building includes a wood stud framed wall finished with plaster and a large central opening (with no door) that separates the front of the entrance-way section of the building and the schoolroom area.
The schoolroom area is mostly in original condition (with the exception of the additions of the bathroom and privacy wall extension) and is furnished with chairs, tables, books and a large television, which is used to view educational and instructional videos.
Prior to the 1880s, the area now known as Espanola was located within St. Johns County and was known as Raulerson (which was named after a locally settled family).
There were only a few scattered residents, no local railroad access, no waterway transportation and the only practical ground road transportation were wagon trails.
Around 1884, the narrow-gauge St. Johns & Halifax Railway was built right through the area, and by 1886, it connected East Palatka to Daytona.
Espanola became a well-established railroad stop and shipping point as Henry Flagler’s newly formed modernized standard-gauge Florida East Coast Railway ran right through the town.
During this same time, African-Americans began relocating to the Espanola area where they found employment opportunities mainly in the turpentine, lumber and railroad industries.
In the early 1900s, large tracts of land in the Espanola area were purchased and leased to set up turpentine still operations.
A large saw mill was built in Espanola that was connected with narrow-gauge railroads that branched into the nearby woods where virgin timber was harvested.
Now that the railroad was completed through the area and large quantities of timber was clear-cut, the mills began to close and the local economy shrank.
In 1915, the Dixie Highway was built from the Midwest to the Southern United States, and a portion of it ran right through Espanola.
This highway opened a new tourist trade as well as attracted new residents and businesses, which boosted the economy in the Espanola area.
When Flagler County was founded in 1917, from sections of St. Johns and Volusia counties, Espanola became part of Flagler County.
Since Espanola was one of the only areas in Flagler County that African-Americans could purchase property many families settled here, built homes and contributed to the community’s development.
In 1920, the population of Espanola had grown to 385, and there were many new businesses in town in addition to the hotel and camps including an automobile garage, the offices of the Neoga Naval Stores Company, a general store, post office with mail route, cafe, rooming house, barbershop, dry goods store, stave mill, grocery store and school.
The Florida Land Boom of the 1920s brought many additional travelers through the area, but by 1926, it went bust and fizzled out.
Farming picked up as a lucrative business and provided a boost to the local economy as many African-Americans found employment on local farms.
This rendered the Dixie Highway route through Espanola obsolete as automobile traffic drastically declined and very few tourists and travelers ventured to Espanola.
The economy of Espanola was devastated and over the following two decades many people relocated and all the businesses closed with the exception of a local grocery store.
The U.S. Post Office in Espanola closed on February 28, 1955, as there was no longer enough mail business or residents in the area to justify an official government office.
Today, the railroad that passed through Espanola is gone and the many commercial buildings that were constructed during Espanola’s heyday have all been razed.
The community now includes residential homes, a church, the one-room Espanola Schoolhouse, a Flagler County Fire Station, cemetery and community center.
African-Americans make up a large portion of Espanola’s population, and some families have lived in the area for more than four generations.
She is the widow of Sultan Ismail Petra and the mother of the current Sultan, Sultan Muhammad V. She is now styled as Yang Maha Mulia Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis.
Tengku Anis was born on the 6th of January 1949 at Palm Manor, Kota Bharu to Tengku Abdul Hamid bin Tengku Muda Sulong Abdul Putra and his wife, Tengku Azizah binti Tengku Sri Maharaja Muhammad Hamzah.
Her paternal grandfather, Tengku Abdul Putra, was the eldest son of the last reigning King of Jering, which was then one of the seven states in Southern Siam under Malay rule.
Her maternal grandfather, Tengku Muhammad Hamzah, was the last Chief Minister of Kelantan appointed by the Sultan and the first post-independence Menteri Besar.
On 4 December 1968, Tengku Anis married Tengku Ismail Petra, the then-Tengku Mahkota (Crown Prince) of Kelantan, at Istana Kota Lama in Kota Bharu.
Following this, she was bestowed the title of Tengku Ampuan Mahkota (Crown Princess) of Kelantan on the 1st of January 1969.
In 1979, Sultan Yahya Petra (at the time King of Malaysia) passed and Tengku Ismail Petra was installed the Sultan of Kelantan.
Her husband, HRH Sultan Ismail Petra, reigned until the 13th of September 2010, and was succeeded by their eldest son, Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra.
Pierrette Dame (born 26 August 1936) is a French archer who represented France at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in archery.
She competed in the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished 31st with a score of 2196 points.
Born and grew up in New Delhi, India, Ayush earned a degree in Economics from Delhi University and then moved to London to study strategic marketing at London School of Economics.
In 2011, Ayush started a business of shoes manufacturing in the living room of his house in New Delhi and by 2015, he launched his own footwear brand Modello Domani, which partners with Amazon (company), Myntra, Koovs and Ajio.
The focus of the book is on the Kindred, and how players new to the city can interact with the warring factions.
The Lonesome Trail is a 1930 American western film directed by Bruce Mitchell, starring Charles Delaney, Ben Corbett, and Jimmy Aubrey.
Its western terminus is at KY 61 in Louisville and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 31E (US 31E) and US 150 in Louisville.
In 2010, he bought a 18,600 square feet mansion in Nashville for $28 million from an American country singer Alan Jackson.
His son-in-law, Jay Adair, is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Copart, and owns shares in the company worth more than $800 million.
Tom English (born 17 November 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played for Marine Castle United (today Hougang United) in the Singaporean S.League in 2001.
His professional career was cut short after he was seriously injured in a fall in Tenerife, though he eventually played semi-professionally for several East Anglian sides.
Son of former Coventry City, Leicester City and Colchester United striker Tommy English, Tom English was initially on the books of Norwich City, joining Arsenal in the summer of 1998 but making no first team appearances before being released in the summer of 2000.
After a short spell playing alongside his father at Harwich & Parkeston, in January 2001 he signed for Marine Castle United (today Hougang United) in the Singaporean S.League, where he scored fifteen goals in the 2001 season.
With a move to QPR in prospect, he returned to Europe but during a holiday trip to Tenerife suffered a fall that severely damaged his right knee, alongside a broken jaw, facial injuries and a head injury that put him in a coma for ten days.
On 2 September 1995, a Royal Air Force Hawker Siddeley Nimrod aircraft crashed into Lake Ontario during an air display, killing all seven crew members on board.
This was the second loss of an RAF Nimrod in four months, following the ditching of a Nimrod R1 in May.
120 Squadron, the aircraft was originally delivered to the RAF as an MR.1 in 1971, before being one of 35 Nimrod airframes selected for upgrade to MR.2 standard in the mid 1970s.
On 23 August 1995, the aircraft and its crew had departed RAF Kinloss for Canada, where it was scheduled to take part in two separate air shows.
On the 26 and 27 August, the aircraft had been displayed at the Shearwater International Air Show at CFB Shearwater in Nova Scotia.
Following this, it transited to Toronto Pearson International Airport from where it would be based for display at the Canadian International Air Show (CIAS).
The day prior to the CIAS display, the aircraft's captain, Flight Lieutenant Dom Gilbert, gave an interview in which he stated that the plan was to approach the limits of the aircraft's performance.
The weather was classed as excellent, with a slight on-shore wind (the display was to take place offshore over Lake Ontario).
The aircraft then turned to starboard to begin the second dumb-bell turn - the undercarriage raised and the flaps set to allow the aircraft to climb at an attitude of 24°.
As it reached the top of the climb, the airspeed fell to 122 knots as a result of the engines being powered back, before the aircraft banked and pointed downwards.
Although the airspeed increased slightly, it was well below the recommended 150 knots for that part of the display, while the g-force load went to 1.6g.
The low speed and g-loading led to a stall which saw the aircraft's nose drop to 18° below the horizon and it bank 85° to port.
Despite full starboard aileron and full power being applied, the aircraft was too low by this point to recover and it hit the water.
The recovery effort was immediately set in motion; divers initially located the wreckage, which had broken into four sections, but were unable to locate the crew.
On the resumption of the search, a boat from the Toronto Police Service made its way to the crash site and dropped a remotely operated underwater vehicle containing sonar and video cameras.
This was able to display images of the wreckage clearly to allow the recovery team to recover both the bodies of the crew and debris from the aircraft.
A significant amount of data was available, given the public nature of the accident, and the RAF inquiry was able to determine that all of the aircraft's systems had been functioning normally, making it possible to rule out any mechanical or structural failure of the Nimrod as a potential cause.
It was determined that, at a previous display, he had made an error following the second dumb-bell turn that led to his crossing over the display line; this had not been reported as it should have been, which would have allowed analysis of the display manoeuvres before a scheduled practice run.
Instead, on deploying to Canada, the captain amended the manoeuvre by tightening his turn to avoid crossing over the crowd through reducing engine power.
This removed the safety margins for the aircraft in performing the display manoeuvres (primarily the dumb-bell) as it took it below the recommended speed and led to it stalling.
The inquiry identified a number of deficiencies in the training regime for Nimrod display that may have contributed to the accident.
Primarily, it suggested that the lack of a structured training programme, with theory and simulation as well as practice flights, combined with a lack of supervision in the air, led the captain to try out techniques outside the recommended performance envelope of both the Nimrod and the display.
The recommendations of the RAF inquiry as regards the display of the Nimrod saw a change in the selection of display crews - up to this point, several Nimrod captains and crews per display season were selected.
Following the inquiry, it was decided that a single crew, made up of instructors, would be specially selected from the Nimrod Operational Conversion Unit, rather than from operational squadrons.
Exactly eleven years after the accident in Toronto, another Nimrod from 120 Squadron was destroyed in a crash, this time on an operational flight over Kandahar in Afghanistan.
She was president of the Congregational Woman's Missionary Society of Japan and head of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Kobe.
Watanabe graduated from Kobe Girls' School in 1882, in the school's first graduating class; her teachers were American women from Carleton College.
Watanabe was president of the Congregational Woman's Missionary Society of Japan and head of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in Kobe.
In 1911 she visited Korea with American missionary Ruth Frances Davis, and organized a chapter of the Japanese WCTU in Seoul.
Although she was not ordained as a minister, she spent the winter of 1918-1919 in Santa Barbara, California, leading the small Japanese Congregational church in that city.
The Edmonton Eskimos season will be the 63rd season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 72nd overall.
The Eskimos will attempt to improve upon their 8–10 record from , qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season, and win their 15th Grey Cup championship.
This will be the first season under head coach Scott Milanovich following the dismissal of Jason Maas following the 2019 season.
The Eskimos hold eight selections in the eight-round draft and have made no known trades (aside from conditional ones), and therefore select fourth in each round.
The Roughriders will attempt to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive year and win their fifth Grey Cup championship.
The Roughriders hold seven selections in the eight-round draft, not including any conditional selections or territorial picks if the league awards any this year.
The Blackjacks are the second professional basketball team in Ottawa, the Ottawa Skyhawks played at Canadian Tire Centre in 2012 to 2014.
Gunn-Wright grew up in Englewood in the South Side of Chicago, where the local population are more likely to suffer from asthma because of their proximity to pollution.
For El-Sayed Gunn-Wright set out a bold policy agenda, including state-funded access to the internet and a shift to all renewable energy by 2030.
Gunn-Wright was head hunted by the Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez campaign to join New Consensus, a think-tank championed by Ocasio-Cortez in Washington, D.C.. For some time New Consensus had been working with the Sunrise Movement on the development of an environmental policy program and with the Justice Democrats on identifying new progressive candidates.
The Justice Democrats helped Ocasio-Cortez run her campaign, New Consensus appointed Gunn-Wright policy director in which capacity she has worked with Desmond Drummer on the Green New Deal.
For example, over one million African-American people live half a mile from an oil and gas facility, and six million live in the same county as a refinery.
Gunn-Wright has called for Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) to be as generously funded as DARPA, and the creation of a green bank that will offer financing to communities that do not have access to clean water or transportation.
Humans reached the current-day New England region by at least 10,500 years ago and likely earlier, occupying a recently de-glaciated environment.
Pre-contact Native American groups in New England did not have full-fledged market economies and physical artifacts tended to change very slowly.
However, technological shifts brought agriculture and ceramics to the region prior to the arrival of European settlers in the 17th century.
Pollen and sediment studies have indicated a shifting climate pattern in New England in the Pleistocene, with dramatic climatic changes between warm periods and ice ages.
A preserved peat layer beneath glacial till in Millbury, Massachusetts, contains oak, sweet gum and pine pollen dated to 38,000 years ago and Boston Harbor sediments of similar age contain extensive shellfish, indicative of warmer temperatures than today.
Radiocarbon dating of caribou collagen in Dutchess County, New York is evidence of human arrival in the Northeast by 12,530 years ago, with the oldest confirmed sites in Maine and the Connecticut River valley marking the start of the Early Archaic period.
At the start of the Holocene, the post-glacial tundra landscape of New England was covered in lichen, shrubs and moss around the shores of glacial lakes.
One of the oldest signs of human presence in the area is the Bull Brook site in Ipswich, Massachusetts dates to 10,500 years ago.
In the Early Archaic, human activity may have concentrated in widening river mouths, with coastal breezes moderating temperatures and added sunlight.
By 6000 BP, boreal forest disappeared in southern New England and forest fires may have opened tracts of northern New England to hardwood oak forestation.
Glacial Lake Sudbury remained for several thousand years in the early Holocene, forming part of an internal waterway Boston Harbor to Narragansett Bay.
Middle Archaic human presence left more extensive physical remains than the Early Archaic, including a 90 square meter house floor at one site, ulu stone knives, perforators and the first evidence of a red ochre burial of a middle-aged woman, unearthed in 1977.
Excavations in Westborough found pits of charred lambsquarter seeds, stored as a winter protein source, along with oak, sycamore, sweet fern, water lily, huckleberry and blackberry seeds.
Lithic fragments also include Lynn Volcanics in the Boston Basin, chert quarried in eastern New York and felsite from Maine and New Hampshire.
Some archaeologists in the late 20th century originally proposed that Middle Archaic people were Paleo-Eskimos who migrated north following caribou herds, but later research debunked this idea.
Native Americans in the Late Archaic used wild ginseng, growing along rivers, as a remedy along with jimson weed and amanita mushrooms.
High quality quartz crystals increasingly appeared at sites in the Late Archaic, different from the conchoidally fractured crystals common in New England, suggesting a possible ritual use.
Soapstone—steatite—mining became much more common, but the heaviness of tools may have limited groups from moving and prompting more dependence on trade with groups near steatite, argillite and basalt deposits.
There is evidence of climate cooling 3000 to 1000 years ago in New England and the water table may have risen with increased precipitation.
The Middle Woodland marked a shift toward greater food storage, with more extensive storage pits and large roasting and smoking racks at the Wheeler site and Shattuck Farm Site.
By the Late Woodland, New England's climate was virtually identical to the present, although widespread burning of underbrush created large meadows.
From the 1960s onward, thermoluminescence dating has offered a secondary way of dating non-organic material, but analysis requires the destruction of samples at high cost and a scarcity of potsherds complicates this form of research.
Tilling of farmland, roots, animal burrows and the annual freeze-thaw cycle all work to bring some artifacts closer to the surface.
By 1990, archaeologists had gathered 300 radiocarbon dates from different sites, with some gaps between 9000 and 8000 years ago and 7000 to 5500 years ago.
Vicki Lynn Sauter (born 1955) is an American management scientist and systems engineer known for her books on decision support systems.
Sauter grew up near Chicago; her father was murdered in an attempted robbery when she was a teenager, an event she cites as influential in her commitment to service.
She has a Ph.D. in systems engineering from Northwestern University, and serves on the advisory board for industrial engineering and management sciences at Northwestern.
Sauter is an avid collector of crafts, and in 2016 became president of the Craft Alliance Center of Art + Design in St. Louis.
Sauter is the 2003 winner of the George E. Kimball Medal of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) for her service to the institute and particularly for her work in the merger of the two organizations ORSA and TIMS that together formed INFORMS.
The 2020 World Men's Curling Championship will be held from 28 March to April 5 at the Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome in Glasgow, Scotland.
The mineral was first found in a veins of dolomite carbonatites veins at the bottom of the Zhelezny (Iron) Mine in the Kovdor massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
The polytype, Mg(PO) • 22HO-1A2, had both the mineral and the name of the mineral approved (2000-032) by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names or the (CNMMN) of the International Mineralogical Association or the (IMA).
The mineral, Cattiite, was named that in the honor of the Michele Catti, Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Milano Bicocca in Italy, because of his work on the crystal chemistry of hydrated oxy-salts.
Cattiite bas been found in centimeter sized cavities that are within a 20-40 cm thick of the dolomite carbonatites that were enriched in late hydrothermal Mg-rich phosphates that was located at the Zhelezny Mine quarry.
The vein of dolomite carbonatites that the Cattiite is found cross-cuts forsterite and magnetite ore that are located at the bottom of the mine's quarry.
The mineral occurs as a mass that is up to 1.5 cm in size and usually contains a single crystal that fills the free space in the cavities and interstices of associated minerals.
The mineral has a space group of P. The structures of the mineral are based on an isolated PO tetrahedra and Mg(HO) octahedra that are joined by hydrogen bonds.
The structures of the (001) sheets of the octahedra plus a sheet made of octahedra and tetrahedra form a polar (001) layer that is copied by a center of symmetry to form a layer with thickness that correlates with the c parameter.
Cattiite usually occurs as a mass of single crystals that are sometimes shown to be the dominant form on the {001} axis.
The optical orientation of Cattiite is X ^ [001] = 80°, Y ^ [100] = 10°, and Z is perpendicular to [001].
The 2019–20 Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team represents Loyola Marymount University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Lions finished the 2018–19 season finished the season 22–12, 8–8 in WCC play to finish in a tie for fifth place.
Betty McGees Creek rises on the Hannahs Creek divide in the Birkhead Mountains Wilderness about 6 miles northwest of Pisgah in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Betty McGees Creek then flows north and then curves southwest to meet the Uwharrie River about 5 miles northeast of New Hope.
Betty McGees Creek drains of area, receives about 46.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 348.09 and is about 79% forested.
He began sumo at the age of just three and won national championships for five consecutive years from the second to sixth years of elementary school.
At just tall he was accepted by passing the secondary exam for promising recruits who do not meet the primary height requirement.
In May 2012 he saw his longtime stablemate Kyokutenhō win the top division championship at 37 years of age, and was overcome with emotion while waiting to congratulate him afterwards.
During this tournament he was reprimanded on Day 2 by the ringside judge Minato Oyakata, the former Minatofuji, for giving Takagenji an extra shove after the match was already over.
Asahishō has a habit of throwing unusually large amounts of purifying salt into the ring before his bouts, previously the trademark of Mitoizumi and Kitazakura.
He began doing it in May 2012 to change his luck after suffering ten straight defeats from Day 1, and he promptly won his next five matches.
Asahishō is known for his sense of humour and love of practical jokes, which has made him a regular on the chat show circuit despite his relative lack of success in the top division.
In December 2014 he appeared in a commercial with three other wrestlers as part of a heavy metal band, promoting Docomo's Moveband activity tracker.
Allen Jonathan Moore (born January 27, 1958) is Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Entomology in the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Georgia, where he also serves as associate dean for research in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
The 2019 Asian Acrobatic Gymnastics Championships were the 11th edition of the Asian Acrobatic Gymnastics Championships, and were held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from October 10 to 12, 2019.
Abildgaard wrote many of his friends in Italy and France, asking them to bring plants and seeds for his garden back to Denmark.
The proclamation of all the 12 senators was done nine days after Election Day, on May 22. five incumbents that ran successfully defended their seats while three former and four new senators were elected.
The Commission on Elections administers elections for the Senate, with the Senate Electoral Tribunal deciding election disputes after a Senator has taken office.
It is named after the nearby village of Siilinjärvi, located approximately 5 km west of the southern extension of the complex.
Siilinjärvi is the second largest carbonatite complex in Finland after the Sokli formation, and one of the oldest carbonatites on Earth at 2610±4 Ma.
The Särkijärvi pit is approximately 250 m deep, with a bench height of 28 m. The Saarinen pit is located some 5 km north of the main Särkijärvi pit.
The overall blast rate at the mine is 600 kt per week, 450 kt from the Särkijärvi pit and 150 kt from the Saarinen pit.
Since 1979, over 400 Mt of rock have been mined, about 65% being ore. By year 2016, the mine had produced 24.7 Mt of the main product, apatite.
The current production is roughly 11 Mt of ore per year, while the average in situ grade is 4.0 wt-% of PO.
Roughly 85% of the apatite concentrate is processed on-site in Siilinjärvi to produce phosphoric acid and fertilisers, the rest of the concentrate is used in the company's other factories.
The terrane records both some of the youngest and oldest Archean events in the Fennoscandian Shield, the 2.6 Ga Siilinjärvi intrusion and nearly 3.2 Ga mesosomes found in granulites.
At the present erosion level the western part of the terrane is mostly metamorphosed at greenschist facies during the Svecofennian orogeny.
The dominating surrounding rock type in the Siilinjärvi area is a granite gneiss with varying texture and to some extent, mineralogy.
In Siilinjärvi, however, the glimmerites and carbonatites are well mixed and occur as subvertical to vertical laminated nearly pure glimmerites and nearly pure carbonatites.
The volume of the carbonatite is greater in the center of the intrusion, and rocks near the edges of the body are almost completely glimmerites.
Glimmerite is intensely foliated, greenish black, dark or reddish brown rock (depending on the dominating mica mineral) containing 0-15 % carbonate minerals.
At some areas, the apatite content is so high that the rock is named as apatite rock (at least 25% apatite).
Apatite occurs as grand sized grains in these rocks, and the diameter of the crystals can be up to several decimeters.
That is obviously because of the carbonate content (15-25 % carbonate minerals), but also because of the lighter, reddish brown colour of the mica.
The texture is quite similar to the carbonate-glimmerites, excluding the areas, where the carbonates and micas are banded and occur as their own phases.
The average mineral composition is 46% phlogopite, 22% dolomite, 19% calcite, 9% apatite and 4% amphiboles, although the amount of calcite should be higher than the one of dolomites.
The content is mostly very low and the rock consist mainly of calcite, but in some areas, the dolomite content can be as high as 50%.
The Siilinjärvi carbonates are light grey, white or slightly reddish fine to medium grained rocks with average grain size about 0.9-1.2 mm.
The fenites consist mainly of perthitic microcline, richterite amphibole, and pyroxene, but there also are a wide variety of fenite types that include minerals like pyroxene, amphibole, carbonate, quartz, apatite, and quartz-aegirine.
The melasyenite, which crosscuts all the other parts of the complex but the diabase dykes, is composed of alkali feldspar, biotite, alkaline amphibole, apatite, and magnetite.
It is located in the northern part of the complex and is possibly related to the same intrusive event as the carbonatite.
The average composition of the Siilinjärvi ore is 65% phlogopite (including tetraferriphlogopite), 19% carbonates (calcite/dolomite ratio 4:1), 10% apatite (equivalent to 4% PO in the whole rock), 5% richterite, and 1% accessory minerals (mainly magnetite and zircon).
The grain size of the micas varies from only a couple of µm to several centimetres, the average size is 1–2 mm in diameter.
The phlogopite is altered into brown biotite-phlogopite in the shear zones, and in the most intensely sheared zones, into biotite and chlorite.
The apatites of the mine contain quite high amounts of SrO, and sometimes also CO. Apatite is found in companion with mica in mica rich rocks and with calcite, dolomite or mica in carbonate-rich rocks.
The most common amphibole in Siilinjärvi is blue-green richterite, which forms about 5% of the overall volume of the intrusion and usually less than 15 vol-% of the glimmerites.
The greatest percentages of amphiboles are found in the sheared parts of the ore glimmerites, where the percentage can be locally up to 40-50 %.
Magnetite is the most common accessory mineral in the ore rocks, and constitute usually less than 1 vol% of the ore.
Monazite can be found in two types: <50 μm subhedral inclusions in calcite or apatite and slightly larger sub-anhedral grains along grain boundaries.
The dominant foliation dip direction in the Särkijärvi area is almost N-S (265-275°) and it dips nearly vertically (85-90°) towards west.
Shearing is a common feature in the main Siilinjärvi ore body and the contact zone between the country rock and ore body.
He founded Cooke's Circus around 1780 which was in Ayrshire in 1784 as a travelling show seen at Mauchline by Robert Burns.
Cooke's Circus travelled around cities and large towns in England and Scotland, specialising in equestrian acts, acrobats, strongmen and contortionists, many of whom were from Cooke's extended family.
After a few more months in Philadelphia, he returned to Britain in the summer of 1838 with this large tent, which freed up the possible locations for the circus.
Son of Thomas Taplin Cooke, born in 1808 he was a versatile acrobat and performer before setting up on his own (hiring Astley's Amphitheatre in London) for eleven years as a circus venue.
John was born in New York in 1837 the son of Henry Cooke during an unsuccessful tour of the family circus in America.
However, they were forced to vacate this site around 1882 in order for John B. Howard and Frederick W. P. Wyndham to construct a new building (now the Royal Lyceum Theatre).
Its opening night was 8 November 1886 and was compered by Harry Dale, a well-known Victorian entertainer and a clown in Cooke's circus.
Anurag contested his first Assembly election in 2017 Samajwadi Party Congress alliance from Lucknow east Constituency on the symbol of Congress party.
Anurag came into limelight when he organised Indian Gramin Cricket League, an organisation constituted with an objective of promoting and tapping young rural sport talent of country.
He has been organising league cricket matches since years in different states of country and motivating boys by providing them with basic cricket facilities and paraphernalia.
The 2020 New Year Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries.
Australia, an independent Realm, has a separate honours system and its first honours of the year, the 2020 Australia Day Honours, coincide with Australia Day on 26 January.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of the United Kingdom with honours within her own gift and with the advice of the Government for other honours.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of Barbados, on advice of Her Majesty's Barbados Ministers.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of Bahamas, on advice of Her Majesty's Ministers in the Bahamas.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of Grenada, on advice of Her Majesty's Grenada Ministers.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of the Solomon Islands, on advice of Her Majesty's Solomon Island Ministers.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of Belize, on advice of Her Majesty's Belize Ministers.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of Antigua and Barbuda, on advice of Her Majesty's Ministers in Antigua and Barbuda.
Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of Saint Christopher and Nevis, on advice of Her Majesty's Saint Christopher and Nevis Ministers.
Respectively, the average bond lengths are 1.622 Å, 1.622 Å, and 1.624 Å. Yangite is composed of an octahedrally coordinated Mn cation.
The afterglow light emitted soon after the burst was found to be tera-electron volt radiation from inverse Compton emission, identified for the first time.
Elisabeth Kyle, pseudonym of Agnes Mary Robertson Dunlop, (born 1 January 1901, died 23 February 1982), was a British writer of novels and children's books.
He was keen on literature, introducing his daughter to the classics and monitoring carefully the books to which she was exposed.
As a child she had no particular intention of becoming an author, and when she finished her education became a journalist, first with the Manchester Guardian and then with the Glasgow Herald.
She had always enjoyed making up stories and a friend persuaded her to try her hand at writing; her earliest published works were stories in children's annuals.
Many of these were historical novels designed for a young audience, with heroines such as Charlotte Brontë, Mary II of England, Florence Nightingale and Clara Schumann.
Transparent Horizon is a 1975 Cor-ten steel sculpture by Louise Nevelson, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
Earlier, the Ottoman defeat in the Battle of Shaiba had damaged the authority of the Ottomans in the eyes of the Arabs.
When the leaders of the city, such as Muhammad ‘All al-Qazwinl and others, met them, the Ottomans detained them and declared to the inhabitants of the city that if their crossing through the city to Nasiriyah was opposed, they would kill their hostages.
Elias Mocatta (1798–1881) was a British merchant and financier, significant in the early credit history of Venezuela and other South American countries.
In a Sephardic family, he was an older brother of Isaac Lindo Mocatta, who was involved in his Venezuelan enterprise in the 1840s, and of David Alfred Mocatta, and son of Moses Mocatta (1768–1857).
During this period Gran Colombia broke up into the republics of Colombia (initially as the Republic of New Granada), Ecuador and Venezuela.
Mocatta was still involved in managing the affairs of the external debt of Gran Colombia, as divided up between the republics, in the 1850s, acting for the creditors.
Also at this period the Foreign Funds market in London flourished briefly and speculatively, launched in 1823 and suffering a crash in 1825.
One of Elias Mocatta's associates was John Boulton (1805–1875) (see ), a major business figure in early Venezuelan history: Boulton gave Mocatta a power of attorney in 1827.
Powles, Ward, Lord & Co. of La Guaira were important in commerce, with George Ward and Henry Joseph Lord acting for John Diston Powles and London partners.
Socially, the Mocatta family were on good terms with Robert Ker Porter in Caracas, and Aizenberg comments that it is possible to reconstruct much of their life there from his diary.
In October 1847, Messrs. Mocatta & Son, in trade with La Guaira, were reported to have stopped, with liabilities of £50,000.
Noting his relationship to Moses, Flandreau points out Mocatta's activity on bondholders' committees for Spanish bonds (1851), Ecuadorian bonds (1853), and Greek bonds (1863).
In 1862, towards the end of the Federal War in Venezuela, Mocatta worked with Hilarión Nadal to help promote a Barings Bank loan to the Venezuelan government.
In 1864 Mocatta was one of the founders of the London and Venezuela Bank, with Henry Alers Hankey, Frederick Hemming, Alfred Powles, Giacomo Servadio, Robert Syers and David Wilson.
Mr. Tjung Tin Jan (9 February 1919 – February 1994) or Jani Arsadjaja was an Indonesian politician and lawyer of Chinese Indonesian origin.
Tjung was born in Sungai Selan, part of what is today Central Bangka Regency of Bangka Island, then part of the Dutch East Indies, on 9 February 1919.
After Tjung returned to the Indies, he had worked at a telephone company and became a lawyer before being appointed as a deputy prosecutor in Pangkal Pinang's court.
In 1950, he was appointed as a Senator for the newly formed Senate of the United States of Indonesia, representing Bangka.
He joined the Catholic Party in 1953, and he served in the People's Representative Council as a member of that party until 1960.
Within that party, he was a member of its central board between 1953 and 1959, and its deputy general chairman between 1956 and 1958.
During and after his time in the Council, Tjung served as a director of several mining companies, including at Aneka Tambang where he was its financial director between 1968 and 1974.
Tjung was a proponent of the assimilation of Chinese Indonesians, and was critical of Yap Thiam Hien's writings on discrimination of the group within Indonesia.
Black Pumas is a funk and soul duo based in Austin, Texas, United States, consisting of singer Eric Burton and guitarist/producer Adrian Quesada.
They performed at South by Southwest in 2019 and won a best new band trophy at the 2019 Austin Music Awards.
It was the seventh appearance of the featherweight class, and the second time the weight class featured weightlifters between 56 and 60 kg (prior appearances had featherweight as the lightest weight class before a 56 kg weight class was added in 1948).
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
This is a list of all series, mini-series, limited series, one-shots and graphic novels published under the imprints DC or AA, and published by National Periodical Publications, National Comics Publications, All-American Comics, Inc., National Allied Publications, Detective Comics, Inc., and related corporate names, as well as imprints publishing titles directly related to the DC Universe characters and continuity, such as Elseworlds and DC Black Label.
The list does not include collected editions; trade paperbacks; digital comics; free, promotional giveaways; or magazines, nor does it include series from imprints mainly publishing titles that are separate from the DC Universe continuity, such as Vertigo or WildStorm; series published under those imprints that are related to the DC Universe continuity are noted, but not listed.
While generally the most recognizable name of a comic is printed on the cover, the cover title can be changed for a number of reasons.
DC Comics has also published titles under other imprints (chiefly Vertigo, Milestone, WildStorm, ABC, Paradox Press, Amalgam, DC Focus, Johnny DC, Tangent, CMX, Impact, Helix, Minx, and Homage) along with a number of reprints.
This is a list of all series, mini-series, limited series, one-shots and graphic novels published under the imprints DC or AA, and published by National Periodical Publications, National Comics Publications, All-American Comics, Inc., National Allied Publications, Detective Comics, Inc., and related corporate names, as well as imprints publishing titles directly related to the DC Universe characters and continuity, such as Elseworlds and DC Black Label.
The list does not include collected editions; trade paperbacks; digital comics; free, promotional giveaways; or magazines, nor does it include series from imprints mainly publishing titles that are separate from the DC Universe continuity, such as Vertigo or WildStorm; series published under those imprints that are related to the DC Universe continuity are noted, but not listed.
While generally the most recognizable name of a comic is printed on the cover, the cover title can be changed for a number of reasons.
DC Comics has also published titles under other imprints (chiefly Vertigo, Milestone, WildStorm, ABC, Paradox Press, Amalgam, DC Focus, Johnny DC, Tangent, CMX, Impact, Helix, Minx, and Homage) along with a number of reprints.
This is a list of all series, mini-series, limited series, one-shots and graphic novels published under the imprints DC or AA, and published by National Periodical Publications, National Comics Publications, All-American Comics, Inc., National Allied Publications, Detective Comics, Inc., and related corporate names, as well as imprints publishing titles directly related to the DC Universe characters and continuity, such as Elseworlds and DC Black Label.
The list does not include collected editions; trade paperbacks; digital comics; free, promotional giveaways; or magazines, nor does it include series from imprints mainly publishing titles that are separate from the DC Universe continuity, such as Vertigo or WildStorm; series published under those imprints that are related to the DC Universe continuity are noted, but not listed.
While generally the most recognizable name of a comic is printed on the cover, the cover title can be changed for a number of reasons.
DC Comics has also published titles under other imprints (chiefly Vertigo, Milestone, WildStorm, ABC, Paradox Press, Amalgam, DC Focus, Johnny DC, Tangent, CMX, Impact, Helix, Minx, and Homage) along with a number of reprints.
This is a list of all series, mini-series, limited series, one-shots and graphic novels published under the imprints DC or AA, and published by National Periodical Publications, National Comics Publications, All-American Comics, Inc., National Allied Publications, Detective Comics, Inc., and related corporate names, as well as imprints publishing titles directly related to the DC Universe characters and continuity, such as Elseworlds and DC Black Label.
The list does not include collected editions; trade paperbacks; digital comics; free, promotional giveaways; or magazines, nor does it include series from imprints mainly publishing titles that are separate from the DC Universe continuity, such as Vertigo or WildStorm; series published under those imprints that are related to the DC Universe continuity are noted, but not listed.
While generally the most recognizable name of a comic is printed on the cover, the cover title can be changed for a number of reasons.
DC Comics has also published titles under other imprints (chiefly Vertigo, Milestone, WildStorm, ABC, Paradox Press, Amalgam, DC Focus, Johnny DC, Tangent, CMX, Impact, Helix, Minx, and Homage) along with a number of reprints.
This is a list of all series, mini-series, limited series, one-shots and graphic novels published under the imprints DC or AA, and published by National Periodical Publications, National Comics Publications, All-American Comics, Inc., National Allied Publications, Detective Comics, Inc., and related corporate names, as well as imprints publishing titles directly related to the DC Universe characters and continuity, such as Elseworlds and DC Black Label.
The list does not include collected editions; trade paperbacks; digital comics; free, promotional giveaways; or magazines, nor does it include series from imprints mainly publishing titles that are separate from the DC Universe continuity, such as Vertigo or WildStorm; series published under those imprints that are related to the DC Universe continuity are noted, but not listed.
While generally the most recognizable name of a comic is printed on the cover, the cover title can be changed for a number of reasons.
DC Comics has also published titles under other imprints (chiefly Vertigo, Milestone, WildStorm, ABC, Paradox Press, Amalgam, DC Focus, Johnny DC, Tangent, CMX, Impact, Helix, Minx, and Homage) along with a number of reprints.
The act would remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and tax cannabis products at 5 percent to establish trust funds for various purposes.
The legislation prohibits the denial of any federal public benefits, like housing, on the basis of cannabis use and states that use or possession of marijuana would have no adverse impact under immigration laws.
The act would also establish a Cannabis Justice Office within the Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs, responsible for administering the grants.
Matching bills were introduced to the House of Representatives by Jerry Nadler and to the Senate by Kamala Harris on July 23, 2019.
The 2020 Continental Cup of Curling was held from January 9 to 12 at the Western Fair Sports Centre in London, Ontario.
The Continental Cup is a curling competition pitting Team Canada against Team Europe in a series of team events, mixed doubles events, and skins competitions.
Beck Malenstyn (born February 4, 1998) is a Canadian ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League (AHL) under contract by the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL).
On November 20, 2019, Malenstyn was recalled to the Capitals and made his NHL debut that night against the New York Rangers.
Patients and their children in receipt of means tested benefits, or on a low income, could get help with the cost of travel to hospital appointments.
If a car is used reimbursement will be for the cost of fuel at the local mileage rate and unavoidable car parking and toll charges.
It is not uncommon for the cost of taxi fares to be refused, but they are payable if they are reasonably required.
The Moesian Plate, also known as the Moesian Platform, is a microcontinent and crustal block in the southwestern part of the East European Craton.
It extends 600 kilometers east to west and up to 300 kilometers north to south and lies beneath Romania and Bulgaria.
The Moesian Platform is made up of four terranes that accreted together during the Ordovician and Devonian as the small continent Avalonia collided with Baltica and Laurentia to form Laurussia.
The North Dobrogea terrane is a fifth, closely related terrane that lies closest to the East European craton, although it accreted last in the Carboniferous.
Its current position is inferred to be the result of strike-slip faulting in the Mesozoic with the opening of Mediterranean-style oceanic basins.
Romanian Geological Survey borehole data was used to map the Moesian Platform, with results published in 2007 indicating a large southern section, the West Moesian Platform underlying much of the Romanian section of the Danube River and the coastal city of Varna.
This structural unit is separated from the Balkan Terrane to the south by Paleogene, Pliocene and Quaternary uplift in the Balkan Thrust Front and to the north from other structural units by the Neogene Carpathian Front.
The Pecenage-Camena Fault separates these terranes from the North Dobrogea terrane which abuts the Pre-Dobrogean Depression along the Sfantu-Gheorghe Fault in the north.
The distinguishing features of this species are the colorful wings and the male external copulatory organs, especially the laterally protruding lobes of the 10th segment.
The forewings are also golden yellow with a wide dark brown transverse band in the lower third and irregularly rounded dark brown spot in the distal third.
The forewings are broad in shape with a rounded outer margin, 10 mm long in males and 10–11 mm in females.
The ninth segment of the external copulation organs of males are wide with the anterior edge projecting out in the lower third area.
The pre-anal appendages are long, oval, and erect, and in the cavity of a projecting side lobe of the 9th segment.
Sanghamitra Pati currently heads the Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC) at Bhubaneswar which is a regional institution of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
Pati is an expert on multimorbidity research in public health settings, having been a lead in the first ever study of Multimorbidity in India.
Besides multiple publications on the topic, she has promoted multimorbidity literacy aimed at capacity building of service providers at national and international events, either as a speaker or as a panellist.
Her studies relate to the burden of multimorbidity in primary care, psychiatric multimorbidity, patient-physician perspectives on the burden of multimorbidity, mapping of multimorbidity in medical education, and interprofessional education related to multimorbidity.
Nehemiah 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 12th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
From the time he hears about Jerusalem in Kislev (November/December), Nehemiah waited until the month Nisan (March/April) to petition Artaxerxes I of Persia to be allowed to go and help the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
The display of long face before the king shows three significant aspects of Nehemiah: courage, godliness and wisdom, which bear dire risk of his life (cf.
This part describes Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem, and his first actions when he arrived there, especially his preliminary reconnaissance of the walls at night, and the revelation of his plan to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.
The evidence of Persian soldiers stationed in Judah is shown in the cist-type tombs which otherwise can only be found in Persian archaeological sites.
This system was the first of its kind in the United States coordinated by a single state, predating Wisconsin's system by three years.
In 1919, this system was supplanted by a series of auto trails officially created by the State Highway Commission, though it is unclear as to whether this system completely supplanted the lettering system.
In 1919, the Maine Automobile Association and the Maine State Highway Commission collaborated to create a series of state-designated auto trails.
The system posed a stark contrast to the auto trail systems of other states, which were often private endeavors, with improvements by these booster organizations ranging from simple marked poles to paving and maintenance of the road.
The Fennoscandia Shield and its components, the Russian Platform and Baltic Shield make up a large portion of the East European Craton.
Crystalline basement rock formed between 2 billion and 1.65 billion years ago, with most activity ending around 1.75 billion years ago.
Some of the oldest sedimentary rocks in the Moscow Basin date to the Late Riphean, in the form of siltstone and limestone.
A discontinuity from the Silurian into the Devonian suggests uplift and a major inversion, followed by off and on carbonate and shale deposition through the Carboniferous and Permian.
During the of the Paleozoic and through the Mesozoic the Sukhona Swell and Sukhon Arch formed next to the basin over the earlier Soligalich Graben-Trough.
The 2019–20 NC State Wolfpack women's basketball team represents North Carolina State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Wolfpack, led by seventh-year head coach Wes Moore, play their home games at Reynolds Coliseum and are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Women's Tournament where they defeated Maine and Kentucky in the first and second rounds before losing to Iowa in the sweet sixteen.
The Coaches Poll releases a final poll after the NCAA tournament, but the AP Poll does not release a poll at this time.
As of 2017, Newman has received a total of fourteen Academy Award nominations, however he has yet to win the award, making him the most nominated living composer to have never won an Oscar, and behind Alex North, who received 15 unsuccessful nominations.
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
The Scandian orogeny was an orogeny mountain building event, preserved in the rocks of eastern Greenland, eastern Svalbard, northern Scotland and much of the coast of Norway.
The present of eclogite containing the mineral coesite indicates high pressure and high-temperature burial of Baltican rocks, as much as 80 to 100 kilometers deep.
They launched the 10004 router in March 2013; this was their first router to use integrated chips combining photonic and electronic components.
By combining both sorts of signalling, silicon photonic chips simplify signal router system footprints and heat dissipation, thereby allowing more compact datacenters and higher data rates.
Major early customers as of 2013 included large communications networks such as NTT Communications, a Japanese telecommunications company, and large research groups like CERNET, China's nationwide education and research communication network.
An independent safety officer (ISO) is a clinician or researcher who is independent of the clinical study team and helps to monitor a clinical trial for research participant (patient) safety, adverse events, trial progress, and data quality.
Large, multi-site clinical trials are commonly overseen by a Data Monitoring Committee or Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) consisting of expert clinicians, biostatisticians, and ethicists or patient advocates.
Small, minimal risk studies may be monitored by the principal investigator according to the data and safety monitoring plan (DSM plan) approved by the institutional review board (IRB).
For clinical trials with intermediate complexity or risk, the use of an ISO can be very helpful to monitor the trial for research participant safety, adherence to the protocol, and collection of good data.
Examples of studies monitored by an ISO might include a trial involving Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs used in unapproved indications, non-significant risk medical devices, nutritional products used as a drug, research-only interventions such as an insulin clamp, or behavioral interventions with the possibility of psychological adverse events.
Monitoring by an ISO may also be appropriate for higher risk single-site studies of short duration, such as pilot studies, for which convening a full DSMB is not feasible.
An ISO is usually a physician or investigator with experience and training in both the disease and the intervention being studied.
In addition, an ISO has experience with clinical trials so that they can monitor the progress of the trial for adequate enrollment, appropriate follow-up, adherence to protocol, and good data collection.
They are not a part of the study team and have no financial or scientific conflicts of interest with the clinical trial or the principal investigator.
The DSM plan, which is approved by the IRB before a trial begins, will stipulate the use of an ISO for monitoring.
In addition, the specific responsibilities of the ISO for that trial are defined by the ISO charter written by the principal investigator and the ISO.
The charter typically sets out the aspects of the trial that will be reviewed, the frequency of data review and written reports, a plan for adverse event identification and reporting, a plan for monitoring of data quality and accuracy, and the criteria for decision-making regarding continuation, modification or termination of individual participants or the clinical trial.
In these meetings, the ISO discusses:  1) a review of any adverse safety events; 2) protocol deviations and exclusions; 3) enrollment and follow-up of participants; 3) missing data and data quality controls; 4) any new medical advances that may require changes in the study protocol.
The timing of the meetings depends on the risk to the participants as well as the degree of oversight needed for a particular trial.
If a clinical trial has regulatory lapses, excessive adverse events linked to the trial intervention, or fails to recruit adequate numbers of participants, the ISO may recommend that the clinical trial protocol be modified or the trial terminated.
Other additions can include a content expert for nonclinical issues, a methodology consultant, or another clinician that has additional specific expertise.
Further information is provided about groups that use the Dark Side of the Force, including the Witches of Dathomir and the Fallani.
Mounting, arousal, and termination of copulation occurs within a short time frame; copulation is much longer and more variable in length.
Males mount females on the posterior region of her body allowing the erect male rostrum to stroke the dorsal side of the female, just below the thoracic shield.
Once separated both the male and female begin to feed and clean their own genitals and antenna—this feeding and cleaning behaviour typically occurs within a few steps from the site of copulation.
The sex ratio of males to females does not influence the number of eggs a female can lay but environments with a high ratio reduces female longevity due to mating exhaustion.
Females probe plant tissues with the tip of their rostrum to find a suitable site for the deposition of their eggs.
The exact reason behind site choice is unknown, but once found the female bends her abdomen to establish contact between her ovipositor and the plant tissue.
The ovipositor is then inserted into the plant tissue and the eggs are deposited, below the epidermis and parenchymatous tissue of the plant, via abdominal contractions.
Conditions that yield higher temperatures and increased sun exposure result in a higher abundance; whereas cooler temperatures, less available sunlight, and increased rain exposure reduces abundance.
During the first instar, the body appears light orange in colour and progresses to a deep orange in the second instar.
Finally, in the fifth instar, the wing pads cover half of the abdomen—with the wings being transparent—and the body is light brown in colour but darkens via sclerotization.
Additionally, in the fifth instar, the dorsum of the thorax appears red in colour, the tergum of the abdomen a dull white, the dorsal abdominal segment a deep orange colour, and overlapped hemi-elytra covers over the abdomen with its distal end containing a triangular blackish-brown colouration.
The less-matured first, second and third instars tend to group close to each other and remain in proximity of their hatch site for feeding.
In contrast, the more matured fourth and fifth instars tend to be more dispersed and feed in areas farther from their hatch site as a result.
Red colour morphs tend to peak in abundance during October and reach their minimum abundance during February (for males) and June (for females).
A brownish-black colour morph is also seen within the population, but its abundance is low, and its frequency remains constant throughout the year.
Rather, both adult and nymphs feed on various sites ranging from tender shoots, buds, stems, and even their fruiting bodies to obtain sap.
This modified mouth part enables them to suck up sap from deep within the plant tissues that would not otherwise be as easily accessible.
In native, non-cultivated, habitats there appears to be a preference for certain types of host plants even when many others are present.
However, the biochemical understanding of the toxin's toxicology and function within the saliva is poorly understood and is a site of current research.
The use of such chemical agents poses a risk not only to the environment but to humans as well—as exposure and administration levels continue to increase so too does its level of toxicity.
Thus, natural predators and parasitoids have been looked to for their biological control properties to prevent the use of these harmful chemicals.
Thus, injured plants are no longer able to allocate their desired resources into fruit/seed production, rather, they are forced to allocate resources and energy into damage control and repair.
Poor yields result in poor economic outcomes for producers which also has adverse consequences for consumers such as increased prices, as well as an overall reduction in the number and overall quality of available products.
Similarly, feeding on premature and mature fruits causes fruit desiccation resulting in a reduction in size and quality—as seen in cashew plants.
Following foraging, fungal pathogens can enter the wound tissues more readily and cause die-back of shoots and is the primary cause of inflorescence blight.
It is a church center erected in concrete and natural stone, according to drawings by the architects H. W. Simers and H. Chr.
400 seats, in addition to an adjacent church hall with 200 seats, separated from the church room by a folding door, as well as a kitchen.
The great crucifix in the altar wall acts as an altarpiece, and is made by Victor Sparre, together with the church's other stained glass windows.
The stained glass measure a total of 220 m², which is the largest area of glass art in any Norwegian church that was built after 1945.
The three church bells in the separate bell tower were cast by Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry and were mounted in 1961.
The GTW 72 is a suspended monorail train type operated by Wuppertaler Stadtwerke on the Wuppertal Schwebebahn from 1972 until 2018.
The trains have welded aluminium car bodies, and are powered by four chopper-controlled motors, which power the two wheels of each bogie.
After their withdrawal from service, 21 units were sold, and three were donated under the condition that they stay within Wuppertal.
Lucia Smith Foster is the Chief of the Center for Economic Studies (CES) and the Chief Economist at the U.S Census Bureau in Washington, D.C..
Foster worked as a research assistant at the Congressional Budget Office between 1983-1986, working on forecasts of the U.S. economy, and as an assistant economist at the Federal Reserve Board during the years 1986-1990, working primarily on forecasts of U.S. international trade.
Between 1986-1990, she worked at the Federal Reserve Board as an Assistant Economist working primarily on the forecast of U.S international trade.
Foster joined the Census Bureau as a research assistant in the Center for Economic Studies (CES) while she was completing her Ph.D. at the University of Maryland.
She has served as the Chief Economist of the U.S. Census Bureau and Chief of the Center for Economic Studies (CES) since 2011.
Foster was instrumental to the effort to have the Management and Organizational Practices Survey (MOPS) added as a supplement to the Annual Survey of Manufactures .
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Walter Hunt Everett (1880–1946) was an American artist, associated with the Brandywine School of art and the Golden Age of Illustration.
During his early career, Everett was a student of Howard Pyle (‘The Father of American Illustration’) at both the Drexel Institute and Brandywine School as well as a contemporary of N.C. Wyeth.
Among the first wave of commercial illustrators in America, students taught by Pyle in the Brandywine School are credited with setting the standards for future American illustrators and often attributed key influences on such artists as Maxfield Parrish and Norman Rockwell.
Students of Pyle were encouraged to train hard, spiritually and artistically, to study first-hand the environments they painted and to utilize authentic props.
Later in his career, Everett helped to found the Philadelphia School of Industrial Art's Illustration Department and was an instructor to Norman Rockwell.
Little is known about Everett's final years, however it is know that he burned a large portion of his works that he considered personal projects.
After his death his son, Oliver Everett, discovered a collection of 25-30 original oil paintings on canvas that had been rolled up in a barn on his property.
These works remain in the Everett family and are understood to be the largest single collection of Walter H Everett's work.
Morin was educated at Carleton University, earning a bachelor's degree with highest honours in 1996, a master's degree in 1998, and a Ph.D. in 2001.
Morin has published highly-cited work on geographic routing in geometric graphs, including unit disk graphs and triangulations, with coauthors including Jit Bose, Erik Demaine, Stefan Langerman, and Jorge Urrutia.
Vake (Georgian: ვაკე vɑkʼɛ]) - neighbourhood in southwestern part of Tbilisi, on the right bank of the river Mtkvari; part of Vake district.
By the beginning of the 20th century its borders were: to the east Varaziskhevi, to the north - Vere River, south and southwest - mountain skirts.
In Tbilisi Development plan of 1906 only the Nobility Gymnasium building is mentioned in this area (currently 1st building of Tbilisi State University).
Then Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary was built not far from the gymnasium (later on this building became agricultural institute, now it is one of the clinics of Tbilisi State Medical University [formerly the 9th Hospital]).
Before in this part of the city used to live people who were connected with political or scientific elite of Georgia.
It refers to the area south of Payson, Utah, down to St. George, Utah which carries the nickname of Utah's Dixie.
It is a pun on the well known Mason-Dixon line, that is an unofficial barrier that delineates where the American south begins.
While the term can be used with various connotations, it is usually used in reference to an urban-rural divide that exists in the Utah political sphere.
Because 80% of Utah's population lives in the Wasatch Front, people used to acknowledge that rural issues are more relevant in southern Utah.
It is being used regularly by 1993, with Utah State representative Met Johnson [R-UT-74] using the term in opinion pieces and other settings expressing his concern of the growing divide.
The terms use in Utah politics, continues with use throughout the 2000s and became important again in the 2012 US House House of Representatives Election, with the creation of Utah Congressional District 4.
With the 2010 census, CD4 was created and then Rep. Jim Matheson, elected to run in that newly created district, rather than the one he was then listed as representing.
Rep. Chris Stewart used the term against his opponent, Jay Seegmiller, in the race, saying as he didn't live in the district, he couldn't understand the needs of people south of Payson-Dixon line.
Governor, as well as his 2020 Gubernatorial campaign, in which he has used it throughout his tour of the 248 incorporated cities in Utah, especially those in the rural south.
Contribution guidelines, also called Contribution guidelines, the CONTRIBUTING.md file, or software contribution guidelines, is a text file which project managers include in free and open-source software packages or other open media packages for the purpose of describing how others may contribute user-generated content to the project.
In many cases where projects with contribution files do receive contributions, those contributions do not follow the instructions in the file.
Easton has been a member of the bands Futuristic Retro Champions and TeenCanteen and currently is the keyboard player for The Vaselines while also pursuing a solo career, first under the name Ette and now under the name Carla J. Easton.
Easton formed TeenCanteen in 2012, on vocals and playing keyboard, with Sita Pieraccini on bass, Chloe Philip on guitar and Debs Smith on drums.
The album was listed as number 4 on the Bandcamp best albums of 2016, where it was described as a 'big, loud, glorious confection'.
Easton co-wrote and sang the lead vocals on a track on Belle & Sebastian's How to Solve Our Human Problems EP (Part 3), released in 2018.
She earned a degree and became active in women's rights group, AWARE, which she was president of for 3 separate terms.
At age five, she and her family went to visit family in Kerala but stayed until 1948 because of the Japanese occupation of Singapore.
Singam served as president of AWARE for three different terms, from 1987 to 1989, 1994 to 1996 and lastly from 2007 to 2009.
In 2002, Singam started a group that later became called Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2), which worked to help foreign workers in Singapore.
That company's Stone Building, built in 1919 and renamed the Emilio Primo Stone Building in 1999, is used for events and recreation programs.
According to Hamilton Child, the Newark Lime and Cement Manufacturing Company was the most important manufacturing establishment in Rondout, and began operation in spring 1851.
The works consisted of twenty-one kilns for burning the stone, two mill buildings, four storehouses, capable of storing upwards of 20,000 barrels, a cooperage establishment, millwrights', wheelwrights', blacksmiths', and carpenters' shops, barns stables.
Stone, from which the cement was made, was quarried from the hill immediately in the rear of the factory, and was obtained by tunneling and sinking shafts, from which extend galleries in the stratum of cement rock, which inclines to the north-west.
An extensive system of railways transported the stone from the quarries to the top of the kilns, where it was burned by being mixed with culm or fine coal, and then passed by a series of descents through the various stages of manufacture till it arrived in barrels at the wharf ready for shipment.
As the cement manufactured often exceeded 1,000 barrels per day, the deficiency in barrels was supplied from the stock accumulated during the season when navigation was closed, and the manufacture of cement necessarily suspended.
The son of a Swedish doctor and an American flight attendant, Hans was born February 21, 1982 in Northern California but spent the first year of his life in Playa Del Rey, Los Angeles before moving to Sacramento, where he was raised.
St Agnes Convent was a religious house of the Sisters of the Common Life in the city of Arnhem, in the Duchy of Guelders (now in the Netherlands), in the 15th and 16th centuries.
At some point in the 15th century the community adopted the Third Rule of St Francis, later shifting to the Rule of St Augustine.
Burgess was a selectman from 1921 to 1927 and served in the Great and General Court during the same time period.
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Vanarsite, NaCa(AsVVAsO)・78HO, is a mineral that forms as very dark blue blades that are flattened on {100} and elongated on [010].
The crystals form in sub-parallel intergrowths in aggregates up to 5 mm long and are part of the cubic crystal system.
The mineral is found in the Packrat mine in Colorado, USA in association with three mineral of similar composition, packratite, Ca(AsVVAsO)・83HO, morrisonite, Ca(AsVVAsO)・78HO, and gatewayite, Ca(AsVVAsO)・31HO.
Vanarsite's physical properties show a very dark blue color, grayish blue streak, vitreous luster, and a hardness of 2 on the Mohs hardness scale.
Its optical class is biaxial (-) with an α value of 1.645(5), a β value of 1.677(calc), and a γ value of 1.681(calc).
It has orientation where X = b, Y ^ a = 12° in obtuse β and pleochroism where X = cornflower blue, Y = dark blue, Z = dark blue; X « Z ≈ Y.
Packrat mine is located in the northern part of the Uravan Mineral Belt where uranium and vanadium containing minerals often occur together in sandstone from the Salt Wash member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation.
Vanarsite was found located with three other minerals that were discovered at the same time in the same locality, packratite, morrisonite, and gatewayite and is also associated with pharmacolite.
Ambient temperatures and oxidizing conditions near the surface cause water to react with pyrite and an unknown arsenic bearing phase to form aqueous solutions with low pH.
In the analysis, vanadium, arsenic, strontium, sodium, and calcium were counted simultaneously with counts occurring 10 seconds for each except Na which was 5 seconds on their respective spectrometers.
The weight percents for each cation in terms of oxygen are as follows: 0.63 for NaO, 13.08 for CaO, 0.22 for SrO, 0.04 for FeO, 31.61 for AsO, and 43.89 for VO.
The structural unit was determined to be a heteropolyanion consisting of twelve distorted octahedra (VO) around a central pyramid (AsO (arsenite)) and decorated by peripheral tetrahedra (AsO (arsenate)).
She was ordained in Braunschweig in 1995, and served as a pastor of the parish of Wichern and in the Propstei pastorate for public relations.
From 2009, Kühnbaum-Schmidt also worked as a pastoral psychological consultant and supervisor for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Braunschweig and as a lecturer for pastoral care.
On September 27, 2018, the regional synod of the north church elected her as regional bishop, and she took over the position on April 1, 2019.
In December 2018, Kühnbaum-Schmidt was elected deputy chair of the German National Committee of the Lutheran World Federation (DNK / LWF).
On November 7, 2019, the Bishops' Conference of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany (VELKD) elected her as Deputy Leading Bishop.
The strikes took place in Damascus near an airport where Israel says they struck dozens of Iranian targets in response to rocket fire a day before in Golan Heights.
While Syrian state media only claimed two civilians were killed, a British war group claims that over 23 (including 15 Iranians) were killed.
This is a list of current and former automobiles and sub-brands produced by Chinese automaker Guangzhou Automobile Corporation (abbreviated as GAC), along with its joint ventures.
After graduating from St. Joseph's Preparatory School in 1996, Zabel went on to earn a bachelor's degree from the College of the Holy Cross in 2000.
The mountain was named for the steinbok, as part of the ungulate names theme for several other nearby peaks that were submitted by Philip Kubik of Vancouver.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Steinbok Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Each player decides on a name, a motto, and a symbol for their cult, and then generates initial scores for three skills: Conjuring, Sorcery and Thuggery.
Each player turns their player sheet towards the other players so that the front row of cultists is facing the centre of the table.
On each turn, the active player must first play any Mondo cards that are held, drawing from the deck to replace these as they are played.
To make an attack, the active player chooses one of their front-line cultists to make the attack, rolls three 6-sided dice, adds the attacking cultist's bonus, and subtracts the target's defensive modifier.
If played on a cult that is about to try to win the game by summoning its deity, this card results in the deity destroying the cult instead, knocking that player out of the game.
A mycetome is a specialized organ in a variety of animal species which houses that animal's symbionts, isolating them from the animal's natural cellular defense mechanisms and allowing sustained controlled symbiotic growth.
In several species, such as bed bugs and certain families of leech, these symbionts are attached to the gut and aid in the production of vitamin B from ingested meals of blood.
In bed bugs, it has been found that heat stress can cause damage to the mycetome, preventing the symbionts from being successfully passed from the adult female to her eggs at the time of oogenesis, causing the resulting nymphs to develop abnormally or to die prematurely.
Óengus of Tallaght (Óengus mac Óengobann, Óengus the Culdee, d. 824) is believed to have founded the hermitage in AD 780, leaving it two years later.
Burke was born on 4 August 1898 on Coola Street, Drogheda, County Louth, to Christopher Patrick Burke, secretary of the gas works, and Mary McQuillan.
However, things took a turn for the worse with the death of Christopher Burke Sr. from Bright's disease on 12 October 1906 at the age of just 44.
With the family's source of income gone, his mother moved with him and his five siblings to live with her siblings on Duleek Street.
Christopher Burke joined the Irish Volunteers in 1917, and after two years in its ranks, during which he was promoted to officership, the General Headquarters ordered him to sever, outwardly, his connections with the organisation, which he did.
released from prison in the Drogheda Foundry, he was the only man in the IRA who could forge cast iron hand grenades which would fragment.
He was captured on one occasion by British forces while en route to Navan by motorcycle, where he was held hostage by them.
It was in Bailiborough, under the command of Christopher Burke, that all of the hand-grenades that the IRA used during the War of Independence were made.
This group was made up of many British soldiers who had fought in the First World War and would go on to commit many atrocities against the Irish after becoming desensitised to violence during said war.
In order to save his fellow soldiers, one of them would have to jump on the hand grenade, sacrificing himself in the process.
So, the British decided to put steel frames over the trucks, with netting wire over the frames, so that when grenades were thrown, they bounced off the wire.
When these grenades were flung at the troop transport trucks of the Black and Tans, they would catch onto the wire above the troops, meaning it was impossible for anyone to lie on them and therefore save the rest.
Casualties depended on which part of the truck was hit, and on three separate occasions all fourteen Black and Tans were killed by Christopher Burke's fishhook grenades.
Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, Christopher Burke's cousin, Eamonn Duggan, one of the Treaty's signatories, offered him a rank in the army or police, however Christopher Burke declined on principal.
Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, Christopher Burke's cousin, Eamonn Duggan, one of the Treaty's signatories, offered him a rank in the army or police, however Christopher Burke declined on principal.
When the Civil War broke out in 1922, Christopher Burke fought on the Republican side, and was in charge of the boycott of Drogheda on 28 June, wherein Anti-Treaty forces took over the town and blew up the railway bridge south of it, isolating it from Dublin.
At this point, Christopher Burke and his subordinates were based in Millmount Fort, which overlooks the town, and also held the railway station.
The National Army brought up mortars and 18-pounder guns to shell them, and after several hours of bombardment the Anti-Treaty forces surrendered.
After his capture by the Free State forces, Christopher Burke was imprisoned in Maryborough Gaol in Portlaoise, County Laois, where he went on a hunger strike lasting twenty-three days.
As a protest against the conditions in the prison, the inmates set fire to the building and for six months following this incident had to sleep in the open.
In 1934, Christopher Burke was elected to the Corporation of Drogheda as a Fianna Fáil candidate for the Duleek Gate Ward, and was re-elected when the Council was reduced from 24 members to 12.
In 1932, Christopher Burke was brought to court by his older brother Michael Burke after assaulting him in the family home on Duleek Street, Drogheda.
On the day of the assault, there were two young boys in the house listening to a football match on the wireless radio.
He asked Michael why he had send the boys away from the wireless, to which he gave no response, following which Christopher hit his brother six times, badly cutting his eye.
Michael was attended by a Dr. McCullen, and his left eye black and swollen, while there was a slight mark on his forehead.
The Justice said that the will gave Michael Burke the ownership of the house and the tenants subject to the charges set out in it.
He fined Christopher Burke 5 shillings, though Michael Burke's lawyer, Mr. Tallan said he was more concerned with Christopher and Joseph Burke getting a dwelling somewhere else.
After this, Christopher Burke went into the dairy business with his brother, Joseph Burke, and built a house on the family farm in Bryanstown, County Meath.
Christopher's republican comrades attended the funeral, and the Mayor of Drogheda and members of the Drogheda Corporation walked wearing their robes of office in the cortege.
In the story, a teenager named Jeff is on his way to school with his younger brother when they are attacked by a group of bullies.
After his brother claims he injured the bullies and is arrested, Jeff spends several days distraught, before going to a birthday party in the neighbourhood where he is attacked by the bullies again.
Although he manages to kill all of the assailants, he is severely burned during the confrontation after being set on fire.
The night after he is discharged, he slices his face, leaving a scar in the shape of a smile, and cuts off his eyelids, so that he will never sleep.
According to a 2013 article, the original image of Jeff the Killer may be an extensively edited picture of a girl who allegedly committed suicide in the fall of 2008.
In a final blog post, Ted writes that he and his companions would be bringing a gun into the cave after experiencing a series of nightmares and hallucinations.
The story goes that if anyone receives the photo (either by email or by regular post), they have to send copies of it to their friends and family members (like a Chain Letter).
In early 2019 it morphed into a meme, a challenge and an urban legend which also spawned a video game; it caused several authorities to calm any fears regarding the meme's influence.
Lost episode creepypastas describe supposed television episodes, typically kids’ shows, that were either never aired or removed from syndication due to their violent and grotesque content.
The posters share memories of the creepy puppets from the series, and discuss nightmares that resulted from watching certain episodes (such as those involving a villain called the Skin-Taker, and one that had no dialogue other than screaming).
One poster then asks their mother about the series, and is told that the mother just used to tune the television to static, which the child would watch for thirty minutes.
Most images of the bloodshot eyed Spongebob are animated GIFs consisting of Spongebob blinking after watching the image for a long time.
As the video progresses, screams and cries are heard in the background, the buildings become more dilapidated, and Mickey turns his face to the audience and begins sneering.
After an apparently very realistic view of his corpse, the show's second act features a surreal take on the Simpson family's grief.
When they get to the grave, Bart's body is just lying in front of his tombstone, looking just like it did at the end of act one.
The full story is told from the perspective of a person who interned at Nickelodeon Studios during 2005 as an animation student.
In the firsthand account, the video consists of Squidward forlornly sitting on a bed, while strange and upsetting noises play and become louder in the background.
The scene is spliced with quick flashes of murdered children, each time the noises getting louder when cutting back to Squidward — now bearing red 'hyper realistic' eyes.
These creepypasta focus on video games containing grotesque or violent content; this content may spill over into the real world and cause the player to harm themselves or others.
Children who had played the games reportedly screamed in terror at the sight of either of the games inserted into the Game Boy handheld console, and exhibited other erratic behavior, before committing suicide through methods such as hanging, jumping from heights, and creatively severe self-mutilation.
Supposedly, the suicides were connected to the eerie background music played in the fictional location of Lavender Town in the games.
In the game's canon, Lavender Town is the site of the haunted Pokémon Tower, where numerous graves of Pokémon can be found.
The legend alleges that children, besides being the primary players of the games, are more susceptible to the effects of the Lavender Town music, because it supposedly incorporates binaural beats and a high-pitched tone that adults cannot hear.
As Zach progresses through the game, simple glitches begin to turn into entirely new content and new monsters, and eventually a malevolent, supernatural being by the name of Red reveals himself.
As the mystery behind the nature of Red unravels, it is revealed that the demon has closer ties to Zach than he ever could have expected.
The story concludes with Zach - having defeated Red during the final battle - selling the game on eBay, unable to bring himself to keep or destroy the mysterious cartridge.
This story features a largely different cast of monsters, with Red's role as an antagonist replaced by a demon named Warlock and his subordinates who represent the seven cardinal sins.
The story is often praised for its new approach to the traditional video game creepypasta formula, and for its extensive use of custom-made screenshots, depicting thousands of sprites created by the story's author.
Common points of criticism involving the story revolve around its inconsistent pacing, reliance on gore and jumpscares, the protagonist's unrealistic responses to what they see, and the story's ending, in which the protagonist is apparently killed by a Sonic plush doll.
However, after the narrator of the series enters a code on a note attached to the copy of the game he received, he is able to enter a strange, dark, and hidden section of the game: the Newmaker Plane and the depths below it.
An urban legend claims that in 1981, an arcade cabinet called Polybius caused nightmares and hallucinations in players, leading at least one person to suicide.
One of the oldest urban legends regarding video games, Polybius has entered popular culture, and numerous fangames exist as attempts to recreate the game from numerous accounts of its nature.
High Arctic Haulers is a television series that follows the annual sealift that supplies the isolated communities in Canada's Arctic Archipelago.
Almost none of Canada's Northern communities have any port facilities, a fact the series portrays dramatically as it shows the extra difficulties the ships face unloading cargo: (1) unloading and launching a tugboat and barge, they carry as deck cargo; (2) using the tug and barge to carry front end loaders to the community's beach, where they will then unload pallets of cargo from subsequent barge loads.
He said he was proud of portions of the show that profiled young people of First Nations background, playing a leadership role.
She had saved for a replacement while her previous vehicle was failing on her, and purchased a new vehicle at a dealership, on a rare visit to the south.
The Battle of Pedum was fought in 338 BC, near Pedum between the Roman Republic and multiple cities in Latium: Tibur, Praeneste, Antium, Aricia, Lanuvium, and Velitrae.
The Romans had campaigned against the combined force at Pedum during the previous year, 339 BC, but the attempt was abandoned by Tiberius Aemilius Mamercus after hearing of the victory of his colleague, Quintus Publilius Philo, elsewhere in Latium.
The forces from Tibur and Praeneste, being the two cities closest to Pedum, had already arrived there, but the forces from Aricia, Lanuvium, and Velitrae had made for the Astura River with the intent of joining the Volscian force from Antium.
Maenius, after having dealt with the armies at the Astura River, came to Pedum in order to assist Camillus, and the two quickly defeated the two remaining armies.
After the victory at Pedum, the consuls spent the rest of their terms campaigning throughout Latium, effectively bringing an end to the Latin War.
Upon returning to Rome, they were both rewarded with a triumph, and Equestrian statues in the Roman Forum, a rare honor for that time.
Instead the Tigers played a majority of their games at the St. Nicholas Rink (a common practice for many colleges at the time).
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) is a project started in 2017 to develop the science, technology and a roadmap for a space mission to detect and characterize the atmospheres of dozens of warm, terrestrial extrasolar planets.
The current plan is for a nulling interferometer operating in the mid-infrared consisting of several formation flying collector telescopes with a beam combiner spacecraft at their center.
Manoharam () is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film about a talented Artist directed by Anwar Sadiq, produced by Jose Chakkalakal and A.K.
The film released on 27 September 2019 met with positive critical response and performed well at the box office too, becoming one of the best feel good Malayalam films in 2019.
With changes to new world of digital print technology, Manoharan tries hard to get into the real world, by trying hard to learn the technology and showcasing his skill as poster artist.
The story revolves in and around village of Chittilamchery, None in his village admires his skill and assume that Manu (as he fondly called) is not relevant to the time.
His fiance escapes on the day before their wedding as she thinks Manu does not have any financial security and there is no future prospects.
When he gets to know that Rahul is planning to start a printing unit in their village, Manu decides to get back his own.
With the support of his mother and friends Prabhu (Basil Joseph) and Varghese ettan (Indrans), Manu sets out to master designing software and open the first flex printing shop in his village.
The series follows the cancellation of the tenth series, which was set to air in early 2019, which was cancelled due to the death of cast member Mike Thalassitis.
Towards the end of their season the Tigers played their first game outside of the United States when they traveled to play Queen's University.
This caused Princeton to forfeit the tie against Columbia, which was to be played off after the game against Queens, and finish in a 3-way tie for second.
The Lac Lanoraye is a fresh water body whose discharge spills into the rivière du Malin, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
Lac Lanoraye is located in the south center in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, that is south of a curve of the course of the upper part of the Jacques-Cartier River.
The area of this lake is served by a few secondary roads for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Lac Lanoraye is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Then the current follows the course of the Jacques-Cartier River on generally south to the northeast bank of the St. Lawrence River.
San Pietro is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church located in the center of the town of Leonessa, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, central Italy.
In 1609, the local clergy, and not the Augustinians, gained the right to direct funeral services in the atrium of the church.
In the archivolt is a statue of St John the Baptist, while flanking above on two protruding pilasters are statues of Saints Peter and Paul, patrons of the town.
Josephine Mason Wade Milligan (February 27, 1835 - July 5, 1911) was a botanist, wildflower collector, and writer who donated her herbarium to the Smithsonian Institution.
Milligan lived in Jacksonville, Illinois where she founded the Jacksonville Sorosis in 1868, the oldest surviving women's literary society in the United States, and the Jacksonville Household Science Club in 1885.
She was one of the earliest members of the Jacksonville Natural History Society, a member of the Microscopical Society, and a contributing writer to the New York Tribune.
She was honored by the Illinois State Historical Society which created a miniature figurine of her which was displayed in the State Library.
The Tigers' season was highlighted by a three-game set against Yale in Pittsburgh where Princeton came away with an even split.
In 2007, the Binirayan Foundation, organizer of the festival, came up with new guidelines in the selection of the Lin-ay kang Antique, and one them is for the selected candidate to serve the province of at least one year.
One of the most anticipated highlights of the Binirayan festival is the search for Miss Antique, but it was no ordinary beauty pageant.
The committee envisioned a search not only for the most beautiful young Antiquena, but more so for a woman who possesses intelligence, talent, wit, charm and good character.
It was on its third year in 1976 that the title Lin-ay kang Antique was first and has been the winners title since then.
It was in 1977 that the winning Lin-ay got a US trip on top of the cash prices, the pageant started attracting more candidates since then.
It was the search for the Antiquena who would be a role model and will serve as Antique's Ambassadress of Good Will.
As Ambassadress of Goodwill, the LKA serves the province during her reign in her capacity to participate in projects and programs in coordination with Binirayan Foundation, Inc. and other provincial agencies like the Provincial Tourism Office.
In 2002, another milestone was achieved, when the reigning Lin-ay, Sheryl Ebon, was offered a position in the Provincial government, in line with Gov.
It has been 45 years since the first Lin-ay kang Antique has been crowned, a total of thirty eight (38) Lin-ay Kang Antique winners have reigned and represented the province as the epitome of its noble lineage and courage of character.
He represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two bronze medals: in the men's 50 metre freestyle S4 event and in the mixed 4 x 50 metre freestyle relay 20pts event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships he won the gold medal in the 4 x 50 metres medley relay event.
The Tigers played a program low of six games during the season and were only able to win one game against lowly Brown.
The team would not play so few or win so few games until the season after World War I. Princeton played all of its games at the St. Nicholas Rink.
While the strip has been steadily heading upmarket over the past few years, it is still the main conduit for funkily dressed teens on shopping sprees in Tokyo.
The airplay chart rankings are published by Monitor Latino, based on airplay across radio stations in Mexico using the Radio Tracking Data, LLC in real time.
In 2013, he founded Aerial, a UAV (Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle) company which was later acquired on June 7, 2017 for $724 Million.
Tost plays hockey for Club Egara in the División de Honor in Spain, and has previously represented Mannheimer HC in the German Bundesliga.
2019 was Tost's most prominent year with the national side, winning her first medal with the team at the FIH Series Finals in Valencia, taking home gold.
He previously served as an assistant at Dayton from 1955 to 1959, during which time he coached future Notre Dame coach Gerry Faust.
Charlot is a Danish, German, Norwegian, and Swedish feminine given name that is an alternate form of Charlotte and a feminine form of Carl as well as the masculine Charlot.
Irena Strzelecka (4 January 1940 – 31 May 2017) was a Polish historian and senior custodian of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Poland.
She was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta for her work on the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
The author of over 30 articles on the camp, Strzelecka wrote about its hospitals, its medical experiments, and the situation of its female prisoners.
A graduate of the history and philosophy department at Jagiellonian University, she joined the Department of Historical Research of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in 1965.
John de Lisle Thompson OBE (12 July 1904 – 11 April 1978) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Rhodesia from 1928 to 1936, and a soldier.
Jock Thompson was born in Cape Town but educated at Milton High School in Bulawayo, where he was head prefect in 1924 and captained the cricket and rugby teams.
During World War II he served as an officer in West Africa, North Africa, and later in Europe, and after the war he became commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion of the Rhodesia Regiment.
Vincent W. Cochrane (August 21, 1916 – January 16, 1987) was an American mycologist, whose research focused on the biochemistry and physiology of fungi.
His PhD, also at Cornell, was in the area of plant pathology, and was supervised by L. M. Massey and A. W. Dimock (1943 or 1944).
After working on penicillin at Lederle Laboratories during the Second World War, Cochrane briefly worked at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station in New Haven (1945–47).
In 1947 he joined the Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, where he spent the remainder of his career, rising to be the Daniel B. Ayres Professor of Biology.
In 1945, he married the bacteriologist Jean Conn, who was the daughter of Harold J. Conn and the granddaughter of Herbert William Conn, both prominent bacteriologists.
The Chipmunks See Doctor Dolittle is a 1968 album by Alvin and the Chipmunks with David Seville, released by Sunset Records.
Alvin, Simon and Theodore enjoyed the film so much that they beg Dave to let them see it again, who agrees on the condition that they allowed themselves to be quizzed on different aspect of the plot.
The 2020 ARCA Menards Series West will be the sixty-seventh season of the ARCA Menards Series West, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR.
2020 marks the first season under the ARCA Menards Series West name after being known as the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West for the last ten seasons.
As part of the unification of the East and West series with the ARCA Menards Series, the West will participate in the Sioux Chief Showdown, a ten-race series within the main ARCA series featuring drivers from each of the three branches.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
Once the mine was brought ashore, Lieutenant (Temp) George Rundle (RCNR) with the assistance of Leading Seaman Lancien, removed the access plate to the mine, cut the electrical wiring and extracted the detonator and primer.
William Reed (September 11, 1858 – October 31, 1922) was an American, politician, writer and editor who was a member of the Democratic Party.
William Reid was born on September 11, 1858 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Helen Grubb and Thomas Reid and attended public schools.
In 1913 he was appointed register of the federal land office at Cheyenne by President Woodrow Wilson and served until 1921.
The bank provided a loan of up to US$ 85 million to help finance the upgrade/rehabilitation of the Lekki to Epe expressway in 2008 and it was based on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) under the Design, Build, Operate (DBOT), and Transfer and Rehabilitate, Operate (ROT) framework/business model.
Marian Cooksey (born November 6, 1943) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 39th district from 2004 to 2016.
Because of his anti-Nazi activities, in 1943 he fled to Sweden, where he participated in work for Norwegian refugees and opposed the Quisling regime.
After the war, Brock-Utne hoped to become Schencke's successor as a professor, but when the professorship was given to Georg Johan Sverdrup he relocated to Los Angeles, California to become a businessman and fund his further research.
It lies on the eastern edge of the valley of the Wadi Jerbah in the Ḥaḍramawt about twelve kilometres north of the port of Sharma, to which it was linked as a supplier of pottery.
The end of the occupation of medieval Yadhghat is associated with the arrival of water kegs from the Dakhla Oasis at Sharma and Jerbah.
The course is located opposite Camp Nominingue itself, on the northeastern side of the road, and it is open to the public year-round for free.
Players can rent disc golf discs at the l'Île de France auberge, at Les Toits du Monde accommodations, or the Dépanneur l'Essentiel nearby.
Heiko Dechau, local chef at the l'Île de France auberge and disc golfer, pitched the idea of a disc golf course to Camp Nominingue director Grant McKenna, who in turn reached out to the Association de Développement de Nominingue (ADN) and the municipality of Nominingue.
A longer, temporary course called Club et Hôtel du golf Nominingue DGC was set up approximately 2 km North of Camp Nominingue DGC proper to host the PDGA-sanctioned Le Phé-Nominingue tournament in October 2019.
The tournament consisted of one round at the Camp Nominingue Disc Golf Course and two rounds rounds at the Club et Hôtel du golf Nominingue DGC.
The latter was designed by Christopher Lowcock on most of the land of the Club et Hôtel du Golf Nominingue ball golf course and featured temporary Prodigy baskets.
While she was a student at the University of Chicago, Romanowski interviewed on campus with the CIA, and began a career in the U.S. government.
She worked for the Central Intelligence Agency as an intelligence analyst on the Near East and South Asia region for ten years.
Romanowski served as founding Director of the Near East-South Asia Center for Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, as well as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
In 2003 she joined the State Department to establish the Middle East Partnership Initiative Office and serve as its first Director.
She also served in two Deputy Assistant Secretary positions in the Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairsand as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.
In March 2015 she became the Coordinator for U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia in the State Department’s Bureau for European and Eurasian Affairs, overseeing all U.S. federal assistance to thirty countries in Europe and Eurasia, including Central Asia.
Jaanu is a upcoming Indian Telugu romantic drama film directed by C. Prem Kumar based on his Tamil movie '96 bankrolled by Dil Raju on his Sri Venkateswara Creations with Sharwanand and Samantha Akkineni in the lead roles.
He made some naunced changes to the original film to suit the Telugu nativity and brought in the original composer Govind Vasantha as the film's music director.
Gouri G Kishan and Varsha Bollamma, who were both part of the original, were roped in to reprise their roles as the younger version of Jaanu and Ram's apprentice, respectively.
The principal photography was scheduled for fifteen days in Kenya and the unit moved back to Vizag and Hyderabad for various parts of the film.
The son of John Wood senior (died 1832), a manufacturer in Bradford's Ivegate, he was apprenticed at age 15 to Richard Smith, a local worsted spinner.
His father extended his premises, in which tortoiseshell was worked, with a steam-powered mill, where in 1815 John Wood junior went into business for himself as a spinner.
Naturally shy, he canvassed and attended rallies as well as financing Michael Thomas Sadler, a radical Tory Member of Parliament who backed a Ten Hours Bill.
At a personal level, Wood set standards at his own mill, where the working day was of 11 hours, though he was unable to stop the corporal punishment there of child workers.
The prevailing hours in the Bradford worsted industry were 6 a.m. to 7 p.m., with a 30 minute break for lunch: Wood was credited with being the first employer to allow time for breakfast.
In 1831 Wood recruited to the cause George Stringer Bull, a curate at Byerley (now part of Bradford) who went on to lobby Lord Ashley, a key figure in factory act legislation put to the House of Commons.
Balme was a protégé of Bull, who taught at Bowling for 14 years, and like Bull was a stalwart of the Ten Hours agitation.
With the purchase of property near Alton, Hampshire he retained philanthropic interests, but exchanged activism for the life of a gentleman, settling at Thedden Grange.
Wood married for the first time around 1815, and lived with his wife, who died in 1826, at Southbrook Lodge, his father's house in Little Horton, now part of the Bradford metropolitan area.
He married firstly Susan Mary Pennefather (died 1864), daughter of Edward Pennefather; and secondly Mary Anne Hewitt (died 1913), daughter of James Hewitt, 4th Viscount Lifford.
His brothers were Charles Frederic Wood, married 1877 Edith L. W. Tayler, and Arthur Hardy Wood, married 1871 Annis Matilda Hardy.
On February 24, 2018, Yan himself issued a statement via Sina Weibo saying that he had cancelled the contract with the original brokerage company Century Agency.
Ula Leni () is a 2019 Sri Lankan Sinhala psychological thriller film directed by Hemantha Prasad as his maiden cinematic direction and produced by Arosha Fernando for P2 Bond & Wind Creations.
De Tjolomadoe or De Colomadu sugar factory was built by Mangkunegara IV at 1862 with consortium from Dutch East Indies government, located 12.7 km from center of Surakarta and 58.1 km from Yogyakarta.
Mangkunegara IV choose a German architect R. Kampf to design the factory, groundbreaking was carried out on 8 December 1861, the factory was given the name Colomadu which means mountain of honey.
In 1928 renovation and expansion of the factory area, the renovation changed the architecture of the previous building, changes were made to the placement of new machines from Germany.
In 1950 all the sugar factories that were built by the Dutch were taken over by the Indonesian government, the Colomadu factory became one of the factories that were taken over by the government, the sugar production lasted until 1998.
Tinsley was an honors graduate of Bryn Mawr College (1958, psychology) and earned a master’s degree from the University of Washington (1962) and a Ph.D. from Cornell University (1969), both English literature.
Tinsley began her teaching career at Cornell before going on to the University of Maryland where she developed the first women’s studies program.
At the Grand Valley State Colleges in Michigan, she was the founding dean and a faculty member at William James College.
When she became President at Bridgewater State, Tinsley began reorganizing the College so there would be individual schools with their own deans.
The 1990-1991 academic year was the first for the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Education and Allied Studies followed by the School of Managements and Aviation Science.
It was designed by architect Henry E. White in an art nouveau style and could house 1800 people on three levels.
It also featured a garden rooftop theatre holding 1200 with open sides for ventilation and steel shutters which could keep out rain.
It opened on May 15, 1915 and featured a production of The Tivoli Follies in the auditorium and a vaudeville production in the rooftop theatre.
As the building had two entrances, it was possible for two production companies to co-exist on site with separate audiences as well.
This was to provide for more seating as the venue changed from a live theatre venue to that more suited to a film going audience.
With the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s it was critical that the theatre could accommodate enough people to recover costs from cinema audiences as live theatre attendance dropped.
The intended King George Square development led to a number of buildings being demolished, including Centennial Hall and the Hibernian Building.
Chaim Elata (חיים אילתה) is an Israeli professor emeritus of mechanical engineering and former President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
Elata graduated from the Technion Israel Institute of Technology, receiving a Master’s Degree in 1957, and a Doctorate of Science in 1961.
He then joined Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in 1974 as the Head of the Mechanical Engineering Department and the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences.
He left Ben-Gurion University for a short period of time in order to serve as the Chief Scientist for the Israeli Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure.
Elata was the Head of the Israel Public Utility Authority for Electricity's administration from 1995 until 1996, and Chairman of the Authority from 1996 until 2001.
I Am Not Okay with This is an upcoming coming of age comedy television series, based on the graphic novel of the same name by Charles Forsman.
On June 10, 2019, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order for an eight-episode first season.
The series is created by Jonathan Entwistle and Christy Hall who are credited as executive producers alongside Shawn Levy, Dan Levine, Dan Cohen and Josh Barry.
Alongside the series announcement, it was announced that Sophia Lillis, Sofia Bryant, Wyatt Oleff, and Kathleen Rose Perkins would star in the series, with Aidan Wojtak-Hissong and Richard Ellis recurring in the series.
She is internationally known for her realist paintings, which often feature either a landscape, buildings in a state of decay, street art, and/or graffiti.
Hess attended Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) in Providence, Rhode Island and graduated with a BFA degree in Illustration in 2003.
In the 19th century, Pennsylvania saw a level of publishing that rivaled New York, with 14 African-American periodicals in circulation from 1838 to 1906.
Julie Carlson (born November 14, 1960) is an American writer and co-founder of interior design and lifestyle website Remodelista and outdoor spaces and garden design website Gardenista.
Her mother, Jocelyn Carlson Baltzell, was a saloniste who was once fired from her job as associate director at the New York Institute for the Humanities at New York University for inviting Hillary Rodham Clinton to one of that association’s lunches.
Her stepfather, Edward Digby Baltzell, was an eminent professor at the University of Pennsylvania, and was credited with popularizing the acronym WASP.
Carlson worked at Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies before beginning her writing career on the editorial team of The New Yorker as a copy editor.
Subsequently, Carlson became a food and style editor at San Francisco Magazine and has been featured in various publications including Food & Wine and The Washington Post.
In 2007, Carlson co-founded Remodelista with Francesca Connolly, Janet Hall, and Sarah Lonsdale to provide an online sourcebook for users planning a home renovation or remodel with the goal of furnishing rooms with a mix of classics, vintage finds and modernist pieces.
In 2012, Carlson co-founded Gardenista, an outdoor spaces and garden design website with former New York Times columnist Michelle Slatalla under SAY Media's ownership.
In 2016, Remodelista and Gardenista was acquired by Realtor.com, operated by the News Corporation subsidiary Move, Inc.. At the time of sale, the two sites reportedly received 1.5 million readers per month.
For example oxalates and carbonates are hardly soluble in water, but soluble in excess oxalate or carbonate solutions as complexes are formed.
The oxides and hydroxides of yttrium are yttrium oxide (YO) and yttrium hydroxide (Y(OH)), respectively, and they are both white solids which are hardly soluble in water.
Yttrium hydroxide can be precipitated by the reaction of soluble yttrium compounds with sodium hydroxide or ammonia, and can also be obtained by the hydrolysis of yttrium alkoxide.
Hydroxy acids and sugars present in the solution will prevent the formation of precipitates due to the formation of stable coordination compounds.
For yttrium chloride (YCl) and yttrium bromide (YBr), the yttrium halide hydrate can be precipitated by cooling their saturated solution or by passing in the corresponding hydrogen halide.
Yttrium halides, like lanthanide metal halides, cannot be obtained by direct heating of the hydrate, otherwise yttrium oxyhalide (YOX) will be formed.
Anhydous compounds can be obtained by heating the hydrate in a hydrogen halide stream, or by treating it with ammonium halide and sulfoxide.
[10] In addition to forming hydrates (YF · 1 / 2HO, YCl · 6HO, YBr·6HO, and YI·8HO), yttrium halides can also form complexes with some ligands.
Substances, such as [Y (Me 3 PO) 6 ] X 3 or [Y (Me 3 AsO) 6 ] X 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and the like with phosphine oxides.
[11] Yttrium and halogens (except fluorine [12] ) or pseudohalogens can also form complexes, such as Cs 3 [YI ], (BuN) [Y(NCS) ], etc.
The reaction of yttrium metal with yttrium chloride or yttrium bromide yields low-oxidation monohalides YX and yttrium sesquichloride YCl, and sesquibromide YBr (X = Cl, Br).
The ionic radius (0.900) of yttrium in [Y(HO)] is similar to that of holmium [Ho(HO)] (0.901), and differs from easily hydrolyzed [Sc(HO)].
Aromatic polycarboxylates like phthalic acid or trimellitic acid have a rigid shape, and can coordinate more than one yttrium atom to form a metal-organic framework compound.
The series revolves around 3 friends who decide to embark on a journey, in which they will run into a stranger who will make their lives change completely.
The brothers' intention was to proceed to Hawke's Bay but the ship lay in Lyttelton Port for a month as much of the crew had deserted.
They also helped out land survey parties that worked in the district and during 1861, both of them worked as surveyors.
But within a week, he sold his digging implements and worked for a storekeeper in Dunedin for the rest of the year.
Soon after, his brother encouraged him to come to Canterbury to work on the West Coast, but he ended up in Geraldine in South Canterbury instead to survey that town.
He worked for a telegraph company during most of 1865 and on the weekends, he worked in the Land office in Timaru.
He spent Christmas 1865 with the Studholme family; they were wealthy runholders, with brothers Michael and John as heads of family.
He fell out with Hewlings, possibly over having become interested in his daughter Fanny, and afterwards boarded at the Royal Hotel instead.
Over Christmas and New Year 1867, the brothers caught up and over the space of a few days socialised with the Canterbury elite: Francis Jollie (a member of parliament) at Christmas Day, John Acland (by then a member of the Legislative Council) at Boxing Day, then on to Charles George Tripp (a large runholder) followed by Dr Ben Moorhouse (another large runholder).
Her family had come to New Zealand for her father to manage a bank in Wellington, but they all fell ill with typhus on the journey and her father died within a week of arrival in 1856.
Upon their return to Timaru, Henry went surveying and his wife went to stay with her stepmother as they had nowhere else to live.
Edward Sealy's house was ready when they returned from their honeymoon in Sydney and Melbourne in January 1874, and Emma and Henry Sealy moved in with them.
The hospital was started in 2018 in Chromepet, Chennai, as a multis-pecialty hospital with focus on critically ill and multi-organ transplantation.
The 450 beds hospital is spread over 36 acres of land in Chennai and has 130 critical care beds, 14 operating rooms and advanced Radiology & Laboratory services.
In 2019, Rela Institute and Medical Centre performed a successful pediatric liver transplant on a 42 days old boy, which was the youngest successful pediatric liver transplant in India.
Rela Institute and Medical Centre has 55 medical departments and specialties to name a few Advanced Paediatric, Liver Disease and Transplantation, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orthopaedics, Critical Care and Anaesthesiology, Gastroenterology, Cardiology, Ear Nose and Throat diseases, Neurology, Radiotherapy, Radiology Treatment, Urological Diseases, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery and other treatments.
The team was founded the 23rd of December 2019 and plays in the K4 League, an semi-professional league and the fourth tier of football in South Korea.
Mazdak Mirzaei (Persian: مزدک میرزایی; born 17 September 1970), is an Iranian football commentator, producer, television presenter, writer, director and translator.
The match between the Nantes and Monaco teams was the first football match in which he managed to commentary parts of it for ten minutes alongside Javad Khiabani, after which he joined the football team of IRIB TV3.
According to Mazdak, the match between the national teams of Iran and South Korea in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, which was scored by Reza Ghoochannejhad, led to his most memorable commentary.
Mazdak Mirzaei made his first commentary in Iran International on 29 January 2020 for the match of R. Charleroi S.C. and Club Brugge KV in the fifth week of the Belgian First Division A.
Initially, it was said that Mazdak Mirzaei had also taken a large part of the IRIB Archive with him and was planning to use it.
Some say the closure of the network's work space after Ali Foroughi's presidency began as a reason for his departure from Iran.
Mazdak Mirzaei first appeared on Iran International Satellite TV's front-facing camera on Wednesday, 4 December 2019, explaining the reasons for leaving Iran and joining the satellite network as a guest of ChandChand sport program.
The course was established in 2015 in collaboration with Club Disc Golf Drummondville, Albatroz Disc Golf, Peter Lizotte and the city of Drummondville.
Lynette Frances Williams (born 1947) is an Australian educator and musician who is currently Principal of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London.
Prior to taking up her role at Guildhall, she was CEO of Australia’s National Institute of Dramatic Art and was the director of the Culture, Ceremonies and Education Programme for the London 2012 Olympic Games.
The Men's tournament of the 2020 New Holland Canadian Junior Curling Championships was held from January 18 to 26 at the George Preston Recreation Centre and the Langley Curling Centre.
In the final, Jacques Gauthier and his team of Jordan Peters, Brayden Payette and Zach Bilawka curling out of the Assiniboine Memorial Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba defeated Newfoundland's Daniel Bruce rink 8-6 to make it an all Manitoba sweep in both the men's and women's events.
The 2019–20 Amaravati protests also known as Amaravati protests, are ongoing demonstrations in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh triggered by the idea of three capitals by Government of Andhra Pradesh, and the Expert panel, BCG committee reports.
The demonstrations are against the Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Bill, 2020, if enacted would have allowed to establish three capitals at different locations of the state.
This led to concerns that the decision would create chaos and insecurity fears for farmers who gave their fertile agricultural lands to the government in 29 villages of Guntur and Krishna districts.
The Andhra Pradesh Capital Region boasts of one of the oldest habitations in India, going back at least two millennia, and is associated with historic dynasties like Satavahanas and cities such as Dhanyakataka.
The foundation stone was laid for Amaravati, by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, Former Chief minister Nara Chandrababu Naidu and the Former Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi has laid foundation stone for Andhra Pradesh High Court at Amaravati.
However, the Capital city was planned in rich fertile coastal plains on the banks of Krishna river; about 60 km from Bay of Bengal and said to be designed to have 51% of green spaces and 10% of water bodies.
For the first time in India, the farmers of guntur district and krishna district had gave 33,000 acres of land, to the Government of Andhra Pradesh on land pooling for Amaravati.
It had tied up around Rs 17,500 crore with the Housing and Urban Development Corporation, World Bank, Andhra Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and planned to raise the balance through public-private partnerships, investments, bonds, lease rental discounting also, it had estimated a budget of over Rs 1 lakh crore for the greenfield capital city.
But, the present government had stopped major projects and contracts backed by APCRDA and Andhra Pradesh Development Corporation Limited (ADCL), stating that the previous government has committed Abuse of information, Insider trading on several properties in Amaravati.
Many construction works and road works at amaravati have come to a grinding halt, even as those undertaken by private companies continue albeit slowly, as the government had appointed several committees for review.
After the World bank, Beijing-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has also withdrawn $200 million funding for the Amaravati capital city project and leds the state government into financial crisis for construction of Amaravati.
In November 2019, the Singapore consortium comprising Ascendas-Singbridge and Sembcorp withdrew from the capital city startup area project, after the state government decided not to proceed with the project owing to its other priorities.
It is not possible for us to build” and had stated that the Amaravati region was not conducive for building a greenfield capital city and that it was prone to floods.
Citing the financial condition of Andhra Pradesh due to the economic slowdown and alleged misdeeds of the previous regime, Finance minister Buggana Rajendranath had expressed inability to continue work on several large projects of Amaravati conceived by the previous government.
In December 2019, Chief minister Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy announced that the Andhra Pradesh would have three capitals namely as Amaravati as the legislative capital with the state assembly, Visakhapatnam in Uttar Andhra as the administrative capital with the state secretariat and Kurnool in Rayalaseema as the judicial capital with the high court.
They are protesting on the road with cans of pesticides and have erred in moving the Secretariat and High Court from the already all-encompassing Amaravati.
The Women's tournament of the 2020 New Holland Canadian Junior Curling Championships was held from January 18 to 26 at the George Preston Recreation Centre and the Langley Curling Centre.
In the final, Mackenzie Zacharias and her rink of Karlee Burgess, Emily Zacharias and Lauren Lenentine out of the Altona Curling Club in Altona, Manitoba capped off a perfect 11-0 record defeating Alberta's Abby Marks rink 10-3 including a score of four in the eighth end.
Dorian Trevor Thompson-Robinson (born November 14, 1999), also known by his initials DTR, is an American football quarterback for the UCLA Bruins.
A four-star recruit, Thompson-Robinson passed for 3,275 passing yards and 38 touchdowns as a senior, and he also rushed for 426 yards and 7 touchdowns.
The following week, on October 13, Thompson-Robinson completed 13 of 15 passes in a 37–7 victory over California for an 86.6% completion percentage.
Against the Cougars, Thompson-Robinson threw for 507 yards and five touchdowns, and he also ran for 57 yards and two touchdowns in the victory.
In the Bruins' rivalry matchup against USC on November 23, Thompson-Robinson generated 431 yards of total offense against the Trojans, which was the second-most ever by a Bruin in the UCLA–USC rivalry and the ninth-best single-game performance in UCLA history.
In 2019, Thompson-Robinson amassed 2,701 passing yards and 198 rushing yards for a total of 2,899 yards of offense—the tenth-most for a UCLA player in a single season.
His 25 touchdowns—21 in the air and four on the ground—also ranked tenth all-time in a single season for a UCLA player.
The Monte Cristo was a famous old mining settlement in Sierra County, California near California State Route 49 and Downieville, California, USA.
One of the main trails is at the ridge between Goodyears Creek and the North Fork of the North Yuba River.
As a result, Isaac Stevens attempted to recover possession of horses, mules, hay, barley, and saddles, which the town sheriff levied upon.
To name a few, there was the Empire Saloon Monte Cristo; Exchange Saloon; Monte Cristo Drug and Variety Store; Williams Attorney and Counsellor at Law; and E. G. Bryant Physician and Surgeon.
The 2020 AFL Tasmania TSL premiership season is an Australian rules football competition staged across Tasmania, Australia over twenty-one (21) home and away rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 30 March and 21 September.
Iglesias plays hockey for Club de Campo in the División de Honor in Spain, and has previously represented UHC Hamburg in the German Bundesliga.
She is a professor of mathematical and statistical sciences at the University of Alberta, and the former president of the Society for Mathematical Biology.
De Vries graduated from the University of Waterloo in 1989, and completed her doctorate in 1995 at the University of British Columbia.
After postdoctoral research with Arthur Sherman at the National Institutes of Health, she joined the University of Alberta faculty in 1998.
De Vries served as president of the Society for Mathematical Biology for 2011–2013, and became a fellow of the society in 2017.
In December 1999, Icelandic avant-pop singer Björk and acclaimed British string ensemble The Brodsky Quartet gave two intimate, stand-alone concerts at London’s historic Union Chapel.
The Brodsky Quartet is a classical string quartet formed in 1972 by siblings Michael and Jacqueline Thomas and their friends Ian Belton and Alexander Robertson.
It is through this album that Björk, who found success as a solo artist in 1993 after years fronting bands in Iceland, discovered The Brodsky.
The following year, The Brodsky served as opening and supporting act on select UK dates of Björk’s Post Tour, the singer’s two year concert series in support of her second studio album.
The Brodsky later accompanied Björk to Norway in 1997 when the Icelandic singer became the first pop star to receive the Nordic Council Music Prize.
News about this planned EP continued into the year 2000 when it was reported that the EP was nearing completion with a targeted release date of late 2000.
But by early 2001, it was reported that the release of the EP was pushed back and to this day it has never been released.
As a thank you to St. George's Church in Bristol, England for their years of support and to close out their two year residency at the church, The Brodsky Quartet invited Björk, by then a major international superstar, to share St. George's stage with them on 4 December 1998.
The concert itself was almost completely acoustic with Björk singing without the amplification of a microphone, though the show was reportedly recorded.
A year after the Bristol show, Björk and The Brodsky Quartet performed two sold out concerts at London’s Union Chapel on 9 and 11 December 1999.
This led to a friendship between the two avant garde artists and Björk went on to perform the song selectively during her 2001 Vespertine World Tour, at Coachella in 2002, once on her 2003 Greatest Hits Tour and finally in a 2005 40th anniversary tribute concert to Monk at Carnegie Hall with Monk in attended.
However, not all of these tracks are from the Union Chapel gigs; some of the songs are studio recordings made with The Brodsky in 2000 as per info supplied in the liner notes.
The Brodsky contacted Tavener to write something for Björk after she revealed to them how much she enjoyed the composer’s work.
Music for the film was written by Julian Nott while the film itself was written by the Icelandic poet, Sjón, a frequent collaborator of Björk’s.
Several news outlets at the time reported that the Union Chapel concerts were scheduled for a live CD release which never materialized.
However, a work-in-progress reference CDr has made its way into the collector's market and gives a glimpse into what a live album would have looked like.
While no full length release ever materialized, some compilation albums have been issued which feature selections from the Union Chapel concerts.
Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar is an academician, administrator and author who is currently the Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at IIT Delhi.
He did his Masters and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.followed by post doctoral research at University of Waterloo, Canada.
He is currently a fellow at Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Academy of Engineering among others.
He was selected as the VC of JNU from among four others including Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai, Virander Singh Chauhan and Ramakrishna Ramaswamy.
During his tenure as VC, he has often been in the news for many controversies happening on his watch such as the 2016 JNU sedition row, the disappearance of a student Najeeb Ahmad and the 2020 JNU attacks.
Lesbia Urquía was a community leader of the Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), the same organization which Berta Cáceres belonged to.
Urquía was opposed to the privatizations of the rivers, because they are diverted and stop giving water to the indigenous communities.
The Lencas considered that the dams would affect their access to water, food and medical supplies, so that their traditional way of life would be jeopardized.
Rabindra Nath was elected as an MLA from Nala was first elected in 2005 but lost the subsequent election in 2009 .before winning it again in 2014 and 2019 polls.
Minori Yamamoto (born 14 October 1997) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2018 Asian Games 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Cristopher Javier Fiermarin Forlán (born 1 January 1998) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Primera División side Club Atlético Torque.
He made his professional debut on 1 April 2018, coming on as a 76th minute substitute for Mathías Cubero in a 2–0 league win against defending champions Peñarol.
Akari Inaba (born 2 February 1998) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2018 Asian Games, 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
In 2015 and 2016, Ycart was a member of the Spain U–18 at the EuroHockey Youth Championship, held in Santander and Cork respectively.
2019 was Ycart's most prominent year with the national side, winning her first medal with the team at the FIH Series Finals in Valencia, taking home gold.
Yuki Niizawa (born 13 February 1997) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2017 Summer Universiade, 2018 Asian Games, 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Born in Grasse, Pourchaire began karting at the age of two and a half and made his competitive debut at age seven.
From there he claimed multiple championships in his native France, as finishing third in the CIK-FIA OKJ and DKM Junior championships.
Despite being ineligible for the main championship on account of his age, he claimed victory in the second race at Spa-Francorchamps and claimed sixteen junior victories to be crowned Junior Champion.
The following year, Pourchaire remained at Formula 4 level, but switched to the ADAC Formula 4 championship as part of the US Racing-CHRS outfit.
Claiming four wins, multiple podiums, including a double at the German Grand Prix support race, and consistent performances saw Pourchaire claim the championship title at the final round at the Sachsenring by one point from Red Bull Junior and title rival Dennis Hauger.
In October 2019, Pourchaire attended the post-season test at Circuit Ricardo Tormo, contesting all three sessions with Carlin Buzz Racing and ART Grand Prix.
The 2010s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 2010, and ended on December 31, 2019.
While the country made significant economic growth in this decade rising threat from Islamist terrorism and Rohingya refugee problem threatened the progress.
The infamous BDR Mutiny has just been subdued and the trial of war crimes committed during Bangladesh Liberation War have begun.
In 2013, the hard-line, right-wing, Islamic party, Jamaat-e-Islami was banned from registering and therefore contesting in elections by the High Court, citing their charter violates the constitution.
In 2015 and 2016, Bangladesh saw increasing assassinations targeting minorities and secularists, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, Western and Asian expatriates, LGBT activists, Sufi Muslims, bloggers, publishers and atheists.
The country's worst terrorist attack saw the death of 20 people after an upmarket restaurant was sieged by gunmen in July 2016.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Levant has claimed responsibility for many of the attacks, although the Hasina government insists local terror outfits are more likely to be responsible.
Since this attack, the Government took stricter measures against extremists as the security forces led a numerous raids on suspected militant hide-outs.
In the first four weeks of the conflict, over 400,000 Rohingya refugees (approximately 40% of the remaining Rohingya in Myanmar) fled the country on foot or by boat (chiefly to Bangladesh) creating a major humanitarian crisis.
The governments of Myanmar and Bangladesh signed a memorandum of understanding on 23 November 2017 regarding the repatriation of Rohingya refugees to Rakhine State.
However, till the end of the decade over 740,000 refugees remained in Bangladesh creating pressure on the country's economy and infrastructure.
While the opposition was already weak due to key leaders being in either jail or exile, the elections were further marred by violence and claims of vote rigging.
However, this gave the Awami League Government stability and opportunity to complete key infrastructure projects for the country including the Padma Bridge and the Dhaka Metro Rail.
Based on World Development Indicators published by the World Bank the population of Bangladesh grew from 150 million at the beginning of the decade to 161 million by the end.
In 2012 floods and landslides caused by heavy rain in late June, which significantly affected ten districts in the country's northern and south-eastern parts causing 131 deaths.
In August-September 2014, continuous rainfall in north and north-eastern Bangladesh caused flash floods in low-lying and densely populated areas affecting 2.8 million people.
Continued monsoon rain later in the year caused flooding which covered approximately one-third of Bangladesh, primarily in the northern, north-eastern, and central parts of the country.
On 12 June, heavy monsoon rain triggered a series of landslides and floods in Rangamati, Chittagong and Bandarban - three hilly districts of Bangladesh - and killed at least 152 people.
Misaki Noro (born 12 April 1996) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Marina Tokumoto (born 2 February 1996) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2015 World Championships, 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Kotori Suzuki (born 8 December 1996) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2015 World Championships, 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
Minami Shioya (born 27 July 1997) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2017 World Championships, and 2019 World Championships.
The 1890 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1890, to elect members to the Senate of the 27th and 28th Minnesota Legislatures.
The Minnesota Republican Party won a plurality of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the new Minnesota Alliance Party.
The originally certified results counted Republican Jasper N. Searles as the winner by 4 votes, but after a tabulation discrepancy was discovered in Marine Township, Democrat James S. O'Brien was awarded the seat by the Senate's vote of 32 to 21 on January 29, 1891.
A handful of candidates ran with the endorsement of two parties in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota but ultimately caucused with either the Democratic or Republican Parties.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>These totals include the disputed values for the 23rd District, and non-endorsed candidates that still asserted a party of preference are grouped with that party.
Clara Vera Eichelbaum (née Chapman, 28 June 1885 – 21 September 1953) was a New Zealand artist who exhibited as Vera Chapman and Vera Eichelbaum.
Her portrait of her father, Sir Frederick Chapman, is in the Supreme Court of New Zealand in Wellington, and other artworks are in the Hocken Collections in Dunedin.
Chapman attended private schools in Dunedin, including Overn Lodge, until the family moved to Wellington due to her father's transfer to the capital.
Chapman exhibited with the Otago Society of Arts, the South Canterbury Art Society, the Canterbury Society of Arts and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts.
She died at her home in the Wellington suburb of Thorndon on 21 September 1953, and her ashes were buried in Karori Cemetery, Wellington.
Monica A. Nevins (born 1973) is a Canadian mathematician, and a professor of mathematics and statistics at the University of Ottawa.
She graduated from the University of Ottawa in 1994, and completed a PhD in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1998.
After postdoctoral research at the University of Alberta, Nevins joined the faculty of the University of Ottawa, where she was promoted to full professor in 2014.
The Christian University of Palangka Raya (Universitas Kristen Palangka Raya, shortened to UNKRIP) is a private higher education facility in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, which was established in 1987.
The university comprises five faculties: the Faculty of Fisheries, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Farming and Faculty of Teaching and Education.
The management of UNKRIP is under the governance of Eka Sinta Christian Higher Education Foundation and the Evangelical Church of Kalimantan (GKE).
UNKRIP was set up by the GKE, under the governance of the Eka Sinta Christian Higher Education Foundation, on 18 May 1987.
It was the initiative of Christian members of the community who wanted to strengthen science and technology education as an aid to community development, and decided to set up a higher education institution covering not only Theology but also several scientific disciplines.
The blade (lamina) of the frond is usually long by about wide, with a heart-shaped base and a somewhat rounded apex.
It is found in damp locations, such as the wet soil and rocks of river valleys in dense forests and shrublands, growing below elevations of 1000 m.
He is trained by Ford in the United States, produces the first Soviet lorry and participates in the international rally in Kara-Kuma.
He had asked the Election Commission to accept the nomination of former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia while his fellow judge on the bench, Justice Iqbal Kabir, disagreed and blocked the participation of Khaleda Zia.
Dr. John G. Bollinger is the Dean Emeritus, College of Engineering & Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Bollinger was on the faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1960 through 2000, and was a Fulbright fellow in Germany at the Machine Tool and Industrial Organization Institute in Aachen (1962-63) and England where he was a Visiting Professor at the Cranfield Institute of Technology (1980-81).
Prior to being Dean, he was Director of the Data Acquisition and Simulation Laboratory and Chairman of the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
The Presiding Officer of the Tobago House of Assembly is elected by the assembly members and presides over all Sittings of the assembly.
The peak was named in 1911 by surveyor Arthur Oliver Wheeler for Aimé Laussedat (1819-1907), a French military officer whose pioneering photographic surveying techniques were used by Wheeler and Canada's Interprovincial Boundary Surveyors.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Laussedat is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into Waitabit Creek, or south into the Blaeberry River, which are both tributaries of the Columbia River.
The following is a list of notable performers of rock and roll music or rock music, and others directly associated with the music as producers, songwriters or in other closely related roles, who died in the 2020s decade.
Rock music developed from the rock and roll music that emerged during the 1950s, and includes a diverse range of subgenres.
Special Olympics Bangladesh is a national organization in Bangladesh that works with intellectually disabled individuals and help them through participation in sports.
2019 was Torres-Quevedo's most prominent year with the national side, winning her first medal with the team at the FIH Series Finals in Valencia, taking home gold.
The Spanish team of Seve Ballesteros and Manuel Piñero won by two strokes over the United States team of Jerry Pate and Dave Stockton.
The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Ernesto Perez Acosta of Mexico, three strokes ahead of six players, who tied second.
In addition to its restaurants, Cava makes a line of 10 dips and spreads that are available at all 474 Whole Foods Market locations in the United States.
Pat Powdrill (d. April 11, 1996) was an American soul singer and songwriter best known as being a member of the Ikettes.
During this period her mother chaperoned her while she opened for Johnny Otis, Esther Phillips, and Dinah Washington in San Francisco.
While still under contract to Reprise, Powdrill met independent record producer Nick Risi through her mother who worked with his father at the same company.
After her Reprise contract ended, she recorded some masters for Nick Risi and Jim Thomas, resulting in two singles released on Downey Records between 1966 and 1967.
In April 1968, they toured the United Kingdom and they were the opening act for the Rolling Stones on the 1969 American Tour.
The Faith Temple also Templul Credința, Sinagoga Credinta, Templul Hevrah Amuna is a Jewish synagogue, built in 1926, that is located on 48 Toneanu Vasile Street in Bucharest, Romania.
The VC category is used for wines that do not fully meet the stringent standards of the DO category, but are above the standards of the Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP) category.
Malvarosa is a 1958 Philippine drama film directed by Gregorio Fernandez and written by Clodualdo del Mundo Sr. and Consuelo P. Osorio for LVN Pictures.
It is based on a comics serial of the same name written by Clodualdo del Mundo Sr. in Espesyal Komiks and it tells the story of a poverty-stricken family living in the nearby railroad tracks that would lead into tragic consequences.
The film stars Charito Solis, Vic Silayan, Carlos Padilla Jr., Vic Diaz, Rey Ruiz, and Eddie Rodriguez as the children of Sinforosa (Rebecca del Rio) where they struggled in living under poverty.
Rosa, a beautiful young woman, lives in the slums situated at the nearby railroad tracks with her mother and five older brothers.
By the time her alcoholic father died in a train, her mother Sinforosa felt guilt and depression as she became widowed.
A few years later, she is going to marry his fiancé Candido but she has to deal the problems first that their family faced in spite of poverty especially Rosa's brothers who also carry their own burdens in which made Rosa stressed to have a solution as well as their confrontations.
During the shooting of the film, the director and its staff cooperated with the Philippine Constabulary and the Manila Railroad Company (currently known as Philippine National Railways) for their participation in the important scenes of the film as well as their permission to their facilities and staff.
Upon undergoing the scan, the two movies’ brightness and contrast were also adjusted, their scratches and specks eliminated, and audio noise such as pops, crackles, hiss, and sizzles removed.
The film's restored version was premiered on October 17, 2019 at the Gateway Mall - Cinema 7 as part of the QCinema International Film Festival 2019.
She was played by Jane Merrow in the 1968 film adaptation, by Julia Vysotskaya in the 2003 TV adaptation and by Sonya Cassidy in the 2011 London theatre production.
While initially only planned to have a single pad, the complex is capable of being expanded to two at a later date.
With another pad constructed, LC-48 could support up to 104 launches per year, though actual usage is expected to be fall well below that.
NASA had previously constructed LC-39C within the bounds of LC-39B with the purpose of serving small launchers, but the operational constraints of sharing the site on a non-interference basis with both the Space Launch System and OmegA launch vehicles, along with greater interest by commercial parties than originally anticipated, led NASA to pursue the construction of a dedicated launch site for this class of vehicles.
The Swedish Senior Curling Championships () is an annual curling tournament held to determine the best senior-level men's and women's curling teams in Sweden.
Senior level curlers must be over the age of 50 as of June 30 in the year prior to the tournament.
Boko Haram often carry out attacks in the region, their insurgency having caused over 35,000 deaths since it began in 2009.
Elisa-Honorine Champin (Paris - 1871 Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine) was a French watercolourist and lithographer who specialised in painting flowers, fruit and vegetables.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 253, in which 138 are males and 115 are females.
Michigan Stove Company is a defunct company that manufactured cooking stoves, heaters, and furnaces in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Detroit, Michigan.
The history of the Michigan Stove Company starts before the American Civil War when people of the United States cooked and provided heat for their homes with an open hearth.
All stoves from the 1840s to the 1860s were made and shipped from New York by way of the Erie Canal and the Great Lakes.
There was a large demand for cooking and heating stoves at the time and they became successful due to the stove making skills Dwyer had learned.
Dwyer and his brother were the first foundry operators in the midwestern United States with the innovation of state of the art engineering foundry techniques in making stoves.
Dwyer became acquainted with Charles DuCharme, a wealthy Detroiter who sold him pig iron and materials so he could make his stoves.
DuCharme invested into his company and they ultimately incorporated as a stock company in 1864 and became the Detroit Stove Works.
Dwyer sold his ownership in the company to his brother and Edwin S Barbour to live in the southern United States.
Michigan Stove Company made steels of aluminum and other metals mixed with iron for the unique mix to make their stoves and ranges.
The company employed around fifteen hundred workers at any one time and manufactured 60,000 to 70,000 stoves and heaters a year.
They sold their stoves and heaters in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana at the beginning and within a couple of decades were sold throughout the United States.
A unique feature of the stove was when it burned natural gas as a ring of orifices was placed on top above the ash pit.
The placement of the gas burning ring then required no modifications in the fire box construction so that it could burn coal, coke, or wood as was originally intended for the main unit.
The gas ring construction provided efficient heat as it extracted most of the heat the orifices could furnish since the gas was super heated before being ignited.
Dwyer ran the world's largest producer of stoves at the time, Michigan Stove Company, and was director of several other stove companies.
Sometime in the mid 1830s he met and married a young lady by the name of Mary O'Donell that was from his home town in Ireland.
In 1848 Dwyer's father was killed by being thrown from a runaway wagon, since the horses pulling the wagon were frightened by the noise of a nearby train locomotive and ran out of control.
After graduating from high school he worked as an apprentice for four years in the moulding trade at hydraulic iron works of Kellogg & Van Schoick.
Dwyer became a journeyman after completing his apprenticeship and worked for three years at various foundries in the state of New York learning the stove business.
He then returned to Detroit and due to health issues as a result of intense work in poorly ventilated foundries it behooved him to change fields for a while.
Then with his brother James and Thomas W Misner they bought out a small reaper manufacturer trying to make stoves and was failing.
He was board member at Michigan Stove, Peninsular Stove, Art Stove, Buck's Stove, Michigan Copper & Brass, Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance, Security Trust, and Ideal Manufacturing of Detroit.
Dwyer received from George Harrison Barbour, the vice president of Michigan Stove Company, the idea of constructing the World's Largest Stove for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair and had his plant superintendent William J.
Dwyer suffered various illnesses for years toward the end of his life that caused him to withdraw from his business affairs.
The World's Largest Stove (aka The Michigan Stove and Mammoth Garland) was a massive replica of a kitchen stove that was made for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair as a representation of Michigan Stove Company and its products.
There was a restoration project for the replica at the end of the twentieth century and the new resurrected giant wooden stove given a permanent home at Michigan State Fairgrounds.
The company, started by Jeremiah Dwyer, wanted to grab the attention of the visitors attending the 1893 Chicago World's Fair so had the company build a gigantic replica of one of its popular kitchen stoves.
The company's vice president George Harrison Barbour was also appointed to the national commission board of the World's Fair and passed the idea of making a giant replica onto Dwyer.
It was placed on a pedestal in front of Michigan Stove Company's manufacturing factory on East Jefferson Avenue at Adair Street.
The Garland giant was moved in 1927 to the front lawn of the newly-formed Detroit-Michigan Stove Company at the entrance to Belle Isle Bridge in Detroit.
Michigan Stove Company's huge replica was used at the factory's front lawn location on lease from 1957 to 1965 by Schaefer Bakeries for advertising its bread.
Twenty truckloads of the wooden replica pieces were then taken back to Michigan State Fairgrounds in 1995 where artisans from Greenfield Village started the restoration project.
The legs of the giant facsimile Garland stove are framed by a concrete wall with the names of the major contributors.
The walkways leading up to the replica stove were paved with memorial bricks that show donors that had given $25 each for the restoration project.
A new home was being sought for the prodigious stove since the state of Michigan no longer had a state fair after 2009 due to budget cuts.
Firefighters arrived around 8:00 pm at Michigan State Fairgrounds after they were called, however the wooden stove burned down to its steel frame and couldn't be saved.
The state of Michigan is returning the bricks purchased as memorials and used as paving for the walkways to the 1998 restored replica at the fairgrounds location.
Wayne Ricks Fairclough (born 27 April 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield, Mansfield Town, Notts County and Scarborough.
George Harrison Barbour (June 26, 1843March 28, 1934) was an American businessman, industrialist, financier, and manufacturer of stoves in Detroit, Michigan.
He was also a member on the board of directors of several banks, insurance firms, and other enterprises throughout the United States.
The first ancestor of his family line to have immigrated from England to the New World was Thomas Barber in 1634.
Barbour attended school the first part of the day and assisted his father at the store the rest of the day.
Barbour was successful in running the general store and in two years paid off the indebtedness to his father for the partnership share.
Barbour then sold the general store business in Collinsville and moved to Detroit in 1872 to become the secretary and sales manager of the firm.
It was Barbour's idea to build a giant Garland kitchen range for the company's representation at the fair, and he passed the idea onto Jeremiah Dwyer who started the company.
Barbour happened to be on the national board of the Chicago Fair so came up with the idea to build the 15-ton giant replica.
Barbour continued in the positions of secretary and sales manager of the company until 1886 when he became vice president and general manager.
Barbour orchestrated a merger with the Detroit Stove Works in 1925 to then become the largest manufacturer of stoves in the world.
Barbour was also president of the Ireland & Mathews Manufacturing Company and vice president and a director of the Dime Savings Bank and First National Bank.
He also held a position as a director of the Peoples State Bank and a director of the Michigan Fire & Marine Insurance Company.
Barbour died at the age of 90 years at his summer residence at 9 Bershire Place in Gross Point Farms near Detroit, Michigan.
Keep (also William John Keep) (June 3, 1842September 30, 1918) was an American mechanical engineer who worked with molten metals in foundries.
He mixed aluminum and other elements with iron to come up with new alloys with different characteristics that were used for stoves and heaters.
Keep was a genealogist and he traced his paternal line from his earliest American ancestor who came from England, John Keep.
Keep's natural ability was as a mechanic and before entering Union College to learn mechanical engineering he became a machinist at Globe Iron Works in Cleveland.
Keep was a first corporal in the Oberlin company of the Squirrel Hunters under martial law of Union General Lew Wallace.
He was in charge of forces to repel an invasion into southern Ohio led by Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith in September 1862.
Keep in 1865 became a foreman at Hubbell & Brothers Stove Works in Buffalo, New York and was there from 1865 to 1868.
Keep gave lectures on the steam engine to the senior class at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute during the time he lived at Troy from 1872 to 1877.
Keep innovated a new process of making malleable iron castings using a secret mix of iron ore, aluminum and other elements.
He was deeply interested in metallurgical research and wrote articles for the American Institute of Mining Engineers for nearly a decade starting in 1888.
The vice president of the company George Harrison Barbour came up with the idea of making a giant stove and had woodcarvers construct and carve the mammoth 15 ton replica according to Keep's designs.
During World War I he was a lieutenant colonel in charge of construction in France serving as assistant to the chief engineer of the American Expeditionary Forces.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 6,100 in which 3,189 is males and 2,911 are females.
The South Ossetian State University, also known as Alexander Tibilov State University (in Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстоны паддзахадон университет, in Georgian: სამხრეთ ოსეთის პედაგოგიური ინსტიტუტი; Russian: Юго-Осетинский государственный университет) is the name given to an educational institution of higher education located in the city of Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, a de facto independent territory claimed by Georgia.
Formerly called the Stalinirsky Agricultural Institute, and later the South Ossetian Pedagogical Institute, it was transformed into the Alexander Tibilov State University of South Ossetia in 1993.
Its history begins in 1932 when it was decided to open a teacher training school in the then city of Staliniri.
Malcolm Murray (born 26 July 1964) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Hull City and Mansfield Town.
The Group both conducts informal advice on Linked Data matters to interested members of Australian government and provides technical expertise for information requests such as the recent Data Availability and Use inquiry (see the Group's Submission 46).
The group also operates some Linked Data systems, such as a Persistent URI service (see the Group's description of the system and governance), and assists Australian government with Linked Data asset publication.
The Pago Los Cerrillos branch uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region.
The Pago Los Cerrillos was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2019, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP appellation.
She worked with O. Pyzhova and B. Bibikov at the Bashkir studio of GITIS and graduated in 1959; joining the Bashkir Drama Theater in the same year.
In 1969 she was made an Honored Artist of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1991 she became the director of the Bashkir Drama Theater.
She was a Professor of Acting and Directing at the Ufa State Academy of Arts and in 1990 she became a People's Artist of the USSR.
It opened in 1988 and was previously named Trapholt Kunstmuseum (Trapholt Museum of Art) but its increasing focus on the broader arts lead to its shortened name.
The museum was expanded in 1996 to house a furniture collection with contemporary Danish furniture design, with a collection of over 500 chairs from the 20th century, which is the largest in Denmark.
Trapholt comprises the museum itself and its surrounding sculpture park which includes works by Ingvar Cronhammar, Bjørn Nørgaard, Lars Ravn, and Søren Jensen.
It is the only of its kind as it never entered production given the artist's death in 1971 and is furnished with Jacobsen's own designs.
Until 2002 it was used as a private summer house by the Jacobsen family, but was moved from Sydsjælland to Trapholt in 2005 and opened to the public.
In 2000, the museum gained international notability when artist Marco Evaristti exhibited his work Helena, an installation featuring ten functioning blenders each containing a live goldfish, allowing viewers to turn on and kill the fish.
Danish animal rights charity Dyrenes Beskyttelse complained and then-Director of Trapholt Peter Meyer was fined 2000 DKK for animal cruelty as he refused a police request to turn off the blenders.
After refusing to pay the fine, Meyer and the museum were taken to court, where they were eventually acquitted of the charge and the fine was retracted.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank (), known as the Ta-Ching Bank of the Ministry of Revenue (大清戶部銀行) from 1905 to 1908, was the name of the Bank of China as a government agency of the Manchu Qing dynasty until the empire's dissolution in 1911.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank was the first national bank in the history of China and served as both the country's central bank as well as a commercial bank to finance projects.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank evolved into the Bank of China in Mainland China and the Mega International Commercial Bank in Taiwan.
During the later part of the Qing dynasty era there was a discussion on whether or not the imperial Chinese government would have to establish a national bank which it finally did in 1905.
The large number of private notes that were being produced all over the empire was to be restricted by introducing a stamp duty (印花稅).
The reformer Liang Qichao campaigned for the government of the Qing dynasty to emulate the Western world and Japan by embracing the gold standard, unify refractory the currencies of China, and issue government-backed banknotes with a ⅓ metallic reserve.
At the end of 1905 the Ta-Ching Bank of the Ministry of Revenue (大清戶部銀行) was founded, and the production of the banknotes was entrusted to the prints of the Beiyang Newspaper (北洋報局) in Northern China.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank was the earliest officially opened national bank in China, and it opened its first office in the capital city of Beijing on September 27, 1905 (Guangxu 31).
In 1906 the government of the Qing dynasty sent students to Japan to be educated about modern printing techniques, with the aim to have the Shanghai Commercial Press print the cheques of the Ministry's Bank.
In 1912 the Ta-Ching Government bank was renamed to the Bank of China by government charter of the new Republican government.
Part of the bank relocated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang (KMT) government, and was privatised in 1971 to become the International Commercial Bank of China ().
Because there is no advanced engraving technology for banknotes in China at the time and the banknotes that were printed by the Beiyang Newspaper's commercial press were both expensive to make and easy to imitate, the government of the Qing dynasty had later commissioned the American Bank Note Company to print new banknotes for the Ta-Ching Government Bank.
Following the Chinese tradition of issuing new money in a new reign, the Xuantong administration had the design of the official Ta-Ching Government Bank paper notes somewhat changed to herald in the new emperor.
The new design was inspired by the designs of the banknotes of the United States dollar of this era; some banknotes showed the portrait of Li Hongzhang, and others depicted that of Zaifeng, Prince Chun who at the time was the current Chinese Minister of Finance.
At the eve of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were 5,400,000 tael worth of Yinliang banknotes circulating in China, and 12,400,000 yuan in Yinyuan banknotes.
The banknotes of the Ta-Ching Government Bank (Traditional Chinese: 大清銀行兌換券), known as the banknotes of the Ta-Ching Bank of the Ministry of Revenue (Traditional Chinese: 大清戶部銀行兌換券) from 1905 to 1908, were intended to become the main form of paper money in the Qing currency system.
These banknotes were issued by the Ta-Ching Government Bank, a national bank established to serve as the central bank of the Qing dynasty.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank had branches throughout China and many of its branches outside of its headquarters in Beijing also issued banknotes.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank was the first official financial institution in the history of China to fulfill the functions of a central bank.
During the transition from Ming to Qing the Manchu government issued banknotes to finance its expensive military campaigns, but following their conquest of China they abolished these banknotes.
Under the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor the Da-Qing Baochao (大清寶鈔) copper-alloy cash coins-based banknotes and Hubu Guanpiao (戶部官票) silver tael-based banknotes were introduced in response to the Taiping Rebellion, but these banknotes would suffer severe inflation due to mismanagement and were eventually abolished causing the Chinese populace to distrust government-issued paper money once again, though private banknotes would continue to be trusted and to circulate.
Following the opening up of many treaty port cities of China after its defeat during the First Opium War during the 1840s, a large number of major foreign banks entered China and started issuing their own banknotes there for local circulation.
The boom of financial institutions during this era meant that various forms of paper money, private banknotes, foreign banknotes, and many different kinds of local coinages circulated concurrently creating a very chaotic Chinese currency system.
During the later part of the Qing dynasty era there was a discussion on whether or not the imperial Chinese government would have to establish a national bank which it finally did in 1905.
The large number of private notes that were being produced all over the empire was to be restricted by introducing a stamp duty (印花稅).
The reformer Liang Qichao campaigned for the government of the Qing dynasty to emulate the Western world and Japan by embracing the gold standard, unify refractory the currencies of China, and issue government-backed banknotes with a ⅓ metallic reserve.
In 1906 the government of the Qing dynasty sent students to Japan to be educated about modern printing techniques, with the aim to have the Shanghai Commercial Press (上海商務印書館) print the cheques of the Ministry's Bank.
In the year 1906, the government of the Qing dynasty was reformed and in the year 1908 the Ta-Ching Bank of the Ministry of Revenue changed its name to the Ta-Ching Government Bank (大清銀行) and the inscriptions of the banknotes issued by it had to be changed to reflect its new name.
Because there is no advanced engraving technology for banknotes in China at the time and the banknotes that were printed by the Beiyang Newspaper's commercial press were both expensive to make and easy to imitate, the government of the Qing dynasty had later commissioned the American Bank Note Company to print new banknotes for the Ta-Ching Government Bank.
During this period, several employees of the Ta-Ching Government Bank were sent to Japan to study modern printing technology and after these people returned to China, they would propose to the imperial court to adopt the Japanese method of copper engraving and some trial banknotes were made, but the proposition was ultimately not adopted by the government of the Qing dynasty.
Following the Chinese tradition of issuing new money in a new reign, the Xuantong administration had the design of the official Ta-Ching Government Bank paper notes somewhat changed to herald in the new emperor.
In the year 1910, the government of the Qing dynasty issued a new law to solve the chaotic currency situation of China at the time, this law made the banknotes issued by the Ta-Ching Government Bank the only legal tender paper money in China.
The law further stipulated that only the Ta-Ching Government Bank can issue paper money and that its banknotes can be used for all payment activities and financial transactions across the country.
The government of the Qing dynasty hired the American sculptor L. J. Hatch and several American technicians to train the banknote printing staff and they were set out to design a new version of Ta-Ching Government Bank banknotes.
The Ta-Ching Government Bank had commissioned eighth trial banknotes based on these designs, they were in the denominations of 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, and 100 yuan.
Ultimately, the trial notes all featured a black obverse side and their reverse sides in different colours with the 1 yuan being green, the 5 yuan being purple, the 10 yuan being blue, and the 100 yuan being yellow, they were all printed by a branch of the Ta-Ching Government Bank.
These banknotes did not see circulation as in 1911 the Xinhai Revolution broke out which overthrew the Qing dynasty and only a handful of trial banknotes were ever printed.
At the eve of the Xinhai Revolution, there were 5,400,000 tael worth of Yinliang banknotes circulating in China, and 12,400,000 yuan in Yinyuan banknotes.
Part of the bank relocated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang (KMT) government, and was privatised in 1971 to become the International Commercial Bank of China ().
The Sharpman was introduced to the market in cooperation with Japanese table tennis player and world champion Ichiro Ogimura who also designed the shoe.
As a table tennis expert Ogimura customized the Sharpman for the special needs of table tennis players focusing on features like grip, lightness and comfort.
The white canvas shoe had two parallel running blue lines bordering the lace eyelets as well as the upper edge of the ankle- and heel-part.
Koyo Bear was the footwear outfitter of the U.S. Table Tennis National Team during the 1969 World Table Tennis Championships in Munich.
According to 2011 Census of India the population of the village is 396, in which 234 are males and 162 are females.
Steve Alan Prindiville (born 26 December 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield, Doncaster Rovers, Leicester City and Mansfield Town.
The forces supporting Haftar and the House of Representatives, mainly the Libyan National Army, are opposed by the armed forces of the forces loyal to the Government of National Accord, including the Libyan Army and the Tripoli Protection Force.
While not unanimous that incorporation was the correct choice, the need for incorporation arose with questions of how property taxes were being spent (at a county level, instead of being held locally) as well as concerns of fire management, road grade, issues that seemed beyond the scope of the HOA.
The first inaugurated government consisted of Mayor Steven C. Swann, with town council members Susan Allman, Beth Gaines, Linda Stetzenbach, and Paul Starks.
The process of incorporation of Cedar Highlands was notable because it was the first town incorporated after the 2016 Utah State Legislature changed the process of incorporation to be overseen by the office of the Lieutenant Governor’s rather than by local county governments.
The resulting administrative changes in government caused a significant rift between Mayor Swann and his council, resulting in his resignation on June 28th, 2019.
While the news was well received by some, it was a surprise to members of the town council, who claimed that the impasse was a matter of differing visions, while the Mayor claimed the town was taking on additional liabilities.
He was known locally for being openly critical of the previous Mayor Swann, running an online site that discussed management issues in the community.
In 2014, Pampín made her debut for the Spanish Under–21 team at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Waterloo where the team finished fourth.
In 2019, Pampín won her first medal with the national team at the FIH Series Finals in Valencia, taking home gold.
Gary McDonald (born 20 November 1969) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The acorns were selected as an imagery of the name of the Municipality, based on the archaic name for the oak.
Graham Leishman (born 6 April 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
It was opened on 9 January 2010 on the section of the line between El Valle and La Rinconada, which was opened earlier without intermediate stations.
Much of the area was unexplored and unmapped, so Carnegie hoped to find good pastoral or gold-bearing land and make a name for himself as an explorer.
By 9 August, they were desperately short of water; that day they came upon a native, whom they captured and forced to show where water was located.
The party realized they could never have found water in the hidden spring without the assistance of a native, so for the remainder of the journey, whenever short of water, the party tracked down and captured natives and tried to force them to lead the expedition to water.
Since the party was traveling in a northerly direction, they had to cross these sand ridges at right angles, and this made travel even more difficult.
Four weeks later, with the party only from the Derby– Halls Creek road, Stansmore slipped while crossing a ridge and dropped his gun.
On arriving at Halls Creek, the party was informed that two members of the Calvert Exploring Expedition were missing in the desert.
Carnegie offered to join the search for the missing men, but despite his familiarity with the search area, he was not sent out immediately, being instead put on standby in Halls Creek.
He formulated a search plan and purchased three horses in anticipation of joining the search, but to the party's great frustration, they remained on standby for nearly fifteen weeks.
Carnegie's expedition was originally intended to terminate at Halls Creek, but since they had found no gold-bearing or pastoral land, the party decided to continue exploring by returning to Coolgardie by a more easterly overland route.
At first, the going was easier than the trip north: water and game were easily found; the natives they encountered were friendly; and the camels' loads had been lightened, enabling them to carry a large supply of water.
However, the three horses that replaced the three lost camels needed regular and generous watering, leading to the party experiencing similar hardships to their northerly trip.
They arrived back in Coolgardie late in August 1897, having again found no land of interest to a prospector or pastoralist.
Carnegie recorded the native words for a small number of common items and also produced sketches of native weapons and ceremonial implements.
The Lakes International Cup was a men's team golf competition between teams of professional golfers from Australia and the United States.
The Lakes Golf Club staged the inaugural contest in 1934, donating the trophy, and hosted the final stage of the 1952 and 1954 matches.
The 1934 and 1936 matches were contested by teams of six players over two days with three 36-hole foursomes on the first day and six 36-hole singles matches on the second day.
Each half of the contest was over two days with two 36-hole foursomes on the first day and four 36-hole singles matches on the second day, the combined score over the two halves determining the winner.
The Mirettes were a female vocal trio composed of former members of the Ikettes in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
Robbie Montgomery, Venetta Fields and Jessie Smith were the first official incarnation of the Ikettes, a backing trio for Ike & Tina Turner.
After trying unsuccessfully to continue using the name the Ikettes under management of Tina Turner's sister, Alline Bullock, they signed to Mirwood Records and changed their name to the Mirettes in 1966.
In June 1968, they performed at the Soul-In show held by the Chicago chapter of the National Association of Television and Radio Announcers (NATRA).
He asserts that the Mahabharata war happened in 5561 BCE between 16 October to 2 November and the war between Rama and Ravana happened in 12209 BCE.
He is also working on dating the Surya Siddhantha and his research so far indicating that it is no later than 14500 BCE and Sushruta samhita as older than 3000 BCE.
There are many prominent people in this line of study who disagree with the dates for Ramayana and Mahabharata arrived at by Nilesh .
Law is considered a localist, which is to say that he stands for resistance to encroachment by the Chinese Communist Party into the affairs of Hong Kong.
The sa'alik were mostly individuals who had been forced out of their tribes and who lived on the fringes of society, although some of them maintained ties with their tribes.
Those excluded could sometimes receive protection from another tribe, or they might be banished to a specific location, such as the mountain of Hadawda.
In the early days of Islam, Muhammad offered to spare the lives of the sa'alik if they converted, and allowed them to keep their stolen booty.
The first, the apologetic parameter, concerns the hard life of the poet with emphasis on his poverty, his courage, and his endurance.
In the second, the lyrical parameter, the poet describes his journeys through the desert, evoking the desert and its plants and wildlife, as well as the raiding and looting activities of the poet and his band.
Poetic production by the sa'alik began in the pre-Islamic era and continued throughout the Umayyad period, but disappeared under the Abbasids.
Raymond Horrocks CBE (9 January 1930 - 15 July 2011) was a businessman from Lancashire, and a chief executive of British Leyland (BL) through the turbulent late 1970s and early 1980s.
From 1963-72 he worked for Ford of Britain, later becoming a director of Europe and the Middle East (Ford of Europe).
On 1 October 1982, BL was restructured into two main divisions, and from 1982-86 he was group chief executive of BL (Cars).
He was a member of the Swiss National Council from 1975 to 1995 and was the chamber’s President in 1985 and 1986.
Prior to his political career, he was a teacher who conducted research of the history of Grisons and the Rhaetian Alps.
He earned a doctorate at the University of Zürich in 1963 and became a teacher at the Graubünden Teacher Training Collegein Chur.
While on the council, he was on the committee for science and research, the military committee and the foreign policy committee.
In 1991, Bundi became the President of the Federal National Park Commission and was the chairman of Renania, a society dedicated to Rhaeto-Romance.
His area of expertise was the Chinese economy and he played a notable role in the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of Michigan and the development of Sino-US diplomacy (the so-called Ping-pong diplomacy) of the 1970s.
Serf () is a 2019 Russian comedy film directed by Klim Shipenko, which tells this story about the Serfdom in Russia with the participation of Miloš Biković, Aleksandra Bortich and Ivan Okhlobystin.
Born into an oligarch family, young Grisha is so caught up in his pampered lifestyle he thinks he is above the law.
With the help of his girlfriend's old-time friend, a psychologist, he comes up with a plan to 'rehabilitate' his unruly son.
And so, a sophisticated psychological experiment begins, where a spoiled rich kid gets 'reincarnated' as a serf who lives in a barn on his master's estate.
All the people he meets there are hired actors whose job is to impact Grisha's personality in such a way as to turn his life around.
There are hidden surveillance cameras hidden in every corner of the 'estate', and a team of psychologists watches Grisha's every move.
Starting on December 28, 2019, and progressing into 2020, the southwestern part of the island of Puerto Rico was struck by an earthquake swarm, including 11 that were of magnitude 5 or greater.
A 5.8 earthquake the previous day caused the destruction of a natural arch, a tourist attraction at Punta Ventana in Guayanilla.
A 5.9 aftershock on Saturday, January 11, damaged many structures, including several historical buildings as well as modern high-rises in the city of Ponce.
Damage to homes was extensive and, by 14 January, more than 8,000 people were homeless and camping outdoors in various types of shelters, with 40,000 others camping outside their homes, just in the city of Ponce alone.
A power plant that supplied over a quarter of Puerto Rico's energy needs was badly damaged and was shut down, with repairs estimated to take at least a year.
The day of the main quake, January 7, Puerto Rico governor Wanda Vázquez Garced declared a state of emergency and activated the Puerto Rico National Guard and the Puerto Rico State Guard.
On January 12, the day after the January 11 5.9 aftershock, the governor distributed $12 million to six municipalities most affected by the quake.
To the south of Puerto Rico the microplate is being thrust southwards over the Caribbean Plate along the Muertos Thrust system.
On the upper slope and shelf the current style of faulting is extensional with a series of WSW-ENE trending normal faults, such as the Ponce Fault and the Bajo Tasmanian Fault.
The sequence began on December 28, 2019 with a 4.7 earthquake, followed closely by a 5.0 event in the early hours of December 29.
Several earthquakes of M <5 occurred over the next few days, followed by a 5.8 event at 10:32 UTC on January 6.
The largest event, a 6.4, occurred the next morning, followed by a 5.6 event within 10 minutes and a 5.0 about 15 minutes after that.
In the first month of the sequence there were a total of 11 M ≥5 earthquakes and a further 82 in the range M 4–4.9.
The night after the quake, it was estimated that over 40,000 Ponce residents chose to sleep in their cars instead of their homes out of fear of more quakes.
By January 13 the number of refugees was estimated at around 3,000 Island-wide, but the municipal officials of some local governments believed that figure was probably about right for refugees in just their own single municipalities.
Late January 7, FEMA confirmed that US president Donald Trump had issued a (non-disaster) emergency declaration with a $5 million cap.
On January 12, 2020, Puerto Rico governor Wanda Vázquez Garced made a disbursement of $2 million to each of six municipalities most affected by the quake; the monies came from the Puerto Rico State Emergency Reserve Fund.
The government setup a central command center, where all pertinent state and municipal dependencies supporting the relief effort were to set up base and coordinate activities at the Polydeportivo Frankie Colon in Urbanización Los Caobos, Barrio Bucaná, Ponce.
By January 14, over 600 soldiers of the Puerto Rico National Guard had set up five tent cities for the homeless, with at least some tents outfitted with air conditioning for the bed-ridden and the elderly, in the towns of Guánica, Yauco, Guayanilla, Peñuelas and Ponce, with facilities for over 3,200 refugees.
A man died in Urbanización Jardines del Caribe in the city of Ponce as a direct result of the January 7 quake, and eight others were injured also in Ponce.
A woman died of a heart attack in the town of Guayanilla after a 4.36-magnitude aftershock hit overnight during the night of January 9 to January 10.
There were refugees in 28 government-sponsored refugee centers in the southern and central Puerto Rico municipalities of Yauco, Guánica, Ponce, Peñuelas, Guayanilla, Utuado, Maricao, Juana Díaz, Adjuntas, Sabana Grande, San Germán, Lajas, Jayuya and Mayagüez.
For example, according to its mayor, in the town of Yauco alone, there were 3,200 homes with some degree of damage.
The January 7 quake destroyed numerous structures, including the Agripina Seda elementary school in Guánica and the Inmaculada Concepción Church in Guayanilla.
Also severely damaged by the January 7 quake were the La Guancha Recreational and Cultural Complex, which was made inoperable and where 24 establishments had to shut down their operations, and Auditorio Juan Pachín Vicéns.
Among the structures damaged by this aftershock were the Ponce Servicios municipal government building, Museo de la Masacre de Ponce, Residencia Armstrong-Poventud, and Casa Vives.
By 14 January 2020, the vice-mayor of Ponce estimated the cost of the damages so far in her town, one of the towns most severely hit, at $1 billion.
There was no electricity in Ponce and in most of Puerto Rico on Tuesday, January 7, the day of the 4:24AM earthquake.
Among damage to infrastructure, the 5.9 aftershock quake the morning of January 11 created a crack in a bridge, and was expected to delay restoration of power.
PR-2 had landslides in the area of Peñón de Ponce; PR-9, a 4-lane highway under construction, had damages that set back the opening date several months; and PR-52 had damage to its Ponce toll booth plaza.
The governor nominated the Adjutant General of the Puerto Rico National Guard to take over the post of fired Office of Emergency Management Secretary and ordered him to immediately move the items to the refugee centers of the municipalities affected by the earthquake and to distribute them to those people needing them.
The Puerto Rican Government contracted the services of nearly 50 structural engineers to evaluate each public school in the Island for structural stability post-earthquake and to certify them as safe enough to open.
In the aftermath of the main quake and its major aftershocks, thousands of residents, including many whose homes had not been damaged, developed seismophobia and continued sleeping outdoors weeks after the earthquake of January 7.
On January 10, USGS and Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) scientists were working to install six sets of temporary seismometers near the southern coast to augment the existing PRSN instruments.
Previously, he was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Chidambaram constituency in 1991 election, and as a Tamil Maanila Congress candidate in 1996 election.
He qualified as a teacher at the Institute of Education, University of London (1966–67), and taught Classics at Latymer Upper School (1967–69), and North Western Polytechnic, part-time (1969–70).
The film won four Golden Eagle Awards (2020) for Best Motion Picture, Best Leading Actor (Alexander Petrov), Best Supporting Actor (Ivan Yankovsky), and Best Film Editing.
Once on the outside, he realizes that it is no longer possible to return to his former life for which is his so nostalgic and he decides to take revenge on the man whose fault it was that he ended up in prison.
As a result of their meeting, Ilya ends up in possession of the offender’s smartphone and through a series of texts gradually takes his place.
Within a week of the release of the book, Glukhovsky received about ten offers of a film adaptation, including from Alexander Rodnyansky and Timur Bekmambetov, who wanted to make a film in the screenlife genre.
On October 21, 2019, Glukhovsky said that in parallel with the Russian company, the rights to the film adaptation were bought by an American company.
He repeatedly met with the director and talked with the actors about their roles and also played a cameo role as a metro passenger in one scene of the film.
Instead of Lobnya, the town of Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast was used for filming, also shooting took place in Moscow and the Maldives.
The scene in the sewer was filmed in a real sewer in Troparyovo-Nikulino District at a depth of about 10 meters.
A troop camp for trainees, located in a high valley surrounded by dense woodland and hills at a homestead called 'Polnrich', was commandeered for use as a Prisoner of War camp in 1939.
At first it was used for Allied NCOs and named Oflag IIIC but was later renamed Stalag 383 as it expanded with other ranks.The camp comprised 400 detached accommodation huts, x , each typically housing 14 men.
More were built towards the end of the war as prisoners were moved in from other camps as the Russian front advanced from the east.
In the 1930s, his grandfather Meyer Lewis founded the Lewis furniture retail chain, and in the 1980s, his father Stanley Lewis acquired a controlling stake in Foschini Group.
He is an independent director at Histogenics Corporation, a partner at Oceana Investment Partners LLP, chairman at Oceana Investment Corp Ltd, and chairman at Strandbags Holdings Pty Ltd.
He is on the board of directors at Histogenics Corp, Oceana Capital Partners LLP, Oceana Fund Managers (Jersey) Ltd., United Trust Bank Ltd., and Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Ltd.
Lewis is Jewish, and in 2011, his family donated £3 million to the University of Oxford to fund the appointment of a Professor of Israel Studies.
The film tells about a woman named Elena Koltsova, the prototype of which was Alexandra Kollontai (the first woman ambassador in world history).
Pia Adelsteen (born 11 September 1963) is a Danish politician who was a member of the Folketing from 2007 to 2019 elected for the Danish People's Party.
The Onefootball app features live-scores, statistics and news from 200 leagues in 12 different languages covered by a newsroom located in Berlin.
In 2019 Onefootball partnered up with Eleven Sports to have the rights to stream directly on the app La Liga in UK and with Sky to transmit 2.
After the federal government moved to Abuja in 1991 the palace lost its function as the new seat of the president became Aso Villa.
Though the saga is no longer extant, the account of its telling has attracted extensive commentary as a rare account of medieval Icelandic saga-performance.
The passage is noted as a rare account of medieval Icelandic saga-performance, composed only about thirty-five years after the event is claimed to have taken place.
Learning that Hákon's son Magnus is now ruling in Norway, an impoverished Sturla decides he needs to ingratiate himself with the new king.
Modern scholars do not believe it is related to Sturla's tale; Matthew Driscoll has indeed characterised it as 'an 18th-century reconstruction' of Sturla's tale.
The second short story tells of a married man, frightened by stories of various mystical phenomena, who spends the night with a governess.
Bernd Riede is a German music educator, author of several textbooks and director of studies at the in the Reinickendorf borough of Berlin.
In 1985 he was awarded a doctorate at the Free University of Berlin with a thesis on Luigi Nono in musicology.
He was ordained a minister in the Church of Scotland in 1984 and has served as a parish minister in Glasgow and Carluke for eight years.
In 1992, he started working as a lecturer in practical theology at the University of Aberdeen, followed by being a senior lecturer at the University of Glasgow in 1998.
In 2000, he was appointed Director of Centre for Theology and Public Issues and Chair of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology at New College and has worked until 2005.
El Distro Network, Records and Publishing Inc. (marketed as EL DISTRO) is an Irish distribution company and record label founded in 2017 by Amer Nejma and headquartered in Cork, Ireland with offices in Tunis, and Berlin.
Companies and artists such as Weld El 15, Zaza Show, Meriem Nourdine, Rayen Youssef, Popytirz and Tunisian Producer Stxev Abidov have partnerships with El Distro Network, with music being distributed across platforms such as iTunes, Google Play, Amazon.com, Deezer, Spotify, SoundCloud, and Rdio, along with physical CDs and vinyl being distributed to traditional record stores.
In 1930, she moved from her native Austria to Paris to study art in a city artistically vibrant with such talents as Picasso, Braque and Leger.
Examples of Monath's work are in the British Museum, Princeton University, the United Nations Headquarters, the New Jersey State Museum, and others.
He was also a member of the British Ornithological Union, of the Edinburgh Field Naturalists' and Microscopic Society, of the Natural History Society of Glasgow, of the Andersonian Society, Glasgow and of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Around 1900 Service had become the major influence of natural history for the Dumfries and Galloway Region (especially on birds and butterflies).
The Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Ecuador is the official representative of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation to the President and the Government of Ecuador.
Diplomatic relations between Ecuador and the Soviet Union were established on 16 June 1945, though it was not until November 1969 that the opening of embassies was agreed upon.
Other guest musicians include rappers P.MC and DJ Deco Murphy, famous for their partnership and their later work on hip hop group Jigaboo.
According to the band's guitarist, Marcão, in a 2017 interview following the album's 20th anniversary, its name was an allusion to all the hard work they endured until they were able to record it.
The album was re-released twice; in 2013 by EMI, following the death of vocalist Chorão, and in 2017 by Universal Music Group, in a double-disc 20th-anniversary deluxe edition.
The second disc serves as a greatest hits album, containing some of the band's most well known singles throughout their career.
It is located southeast of Beaver at the intersection of the James A. Rhodes Appalachian Highway (Ohio State Route 32) and Glade Road (County Road 24), at .
Bessie Van Vorst (née McGinnis ) (2 September 1873, New York City – 19 May 1928, Paris) also known as Mrs. John Van Vorst, was an American author and journalist.
His father Judge Hopper Cornelius van Vorst was a president of the Holland Society and served on the United States Circuit Court.
For her study of a child labor she visited the Dwight Manufacturing Company in Alabama City, the Massachusetts Cotton Mill in Lindale, Georgia, and the Merrimack Manufacturing Company in Huntville.
Everywhere she traveled she saw children of twelve years and younger working as doffers or sweepers, earning between twenty and fifty cents for twelve-hour work day, often on night shift.
Even after returning to Paris, Van Vorst continued writing and served as a correspondent for publications out of both France and the United States, writing on a number of social issues.
In 1901 Bessie and Marie Van Vorst started their undercover investigation working on several factories, promising to reveal to readers the world of the factory workers.
President's primary concern in the letter was a race suicide that he believed was more important than any other question in the country.
When the publisher saw the letter he asked Van Vorst to compile her magazine work on laboring women into a book prefaced with the president's note.
One part of the letter in particular caused a sensation among Americans who weren't used to see any president address such issues as demography and birth control.
His criticism of voluntary childlessness was adopted by many citizens at that time as well as changed the way families were depicted in mass media centralizing the children.
The idea of race suicide would become a favorite Roosevelt's hobbyhorse on his lecture tours where he persuaded white women to have babies.
In their book Van Vorsts described the difficult working conditions and mean living they had observed and their bad effects on women and young girls.
Besides describing hard working conditions Van Vorst also noted that factory women enjoyed the independence afforded them by paid labor and therefore delayed marrying.
Auer claims that the Van Vorsts’ undercover investigation is nothing but a simulation of the reality as the researchers remain untrammeled by the economic, educational, and emotional ties which bind female factory workers.
Ruth Sebatindira, is a Ugandan corporate and tax lawyer who, effective January 2020, is the Administrator of Uganda Telecom Limited, a government-owned telecommunications company, under court administration since April 2017.
Later others joined the practice and as of January 2020, the firm has four partners, 18 lawyers and total staff of 45.
Her work over the past 23 years has included, corporate insolvency, shareholder disputes, lender enforcement actions, tax advisory services, intellectual property and commercial projects negotiations and contracts.
As of January 2020, she is actively involved in advising clients on tax implications in financing agreements, oil agreements, energy transactions and infrastructure development.
On 2 January 2020, Justice Lydia Mugambe of the Civil Division of the High Court of Uganda appointed Ruth Sebatindira as the Administrator of Uganda Telecom Limited, a parastatal company in court-appointed receivership since April 2017.
In addition to being a presenter and DJ, Dotsy has served as a master of ceremonies, having hosted a variety of programs in Ghana and beyond including the launch of The Taste of Afrika program.
In April 2018, when Montenegrin coach Dejan Radonjić took over the Bayern Munich first team, Kostić advanced into his coaching team.
On 7 January 2020, Bayern Munich parted ways with Dejan Radonjić and appointed Kostić as the new head coach for the rest of the 2019–20 season.
From Eros to Gaia is a non-fiction scientific book of 35 non-technical writings by Freeman J. Dyson, Professor Emeritus of Physics at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study.
The pieces in the collection range over anecdotal history, expository popular-science articles, lectures on public policity related to science, political issues concerning problems created by science and technology, book reviews, and people (known personally by Dyson) such as Richard Feynman, Paul Dirac, and Helen Dukas.
JAF (Juan Antonio Ferreyra, Buenos Aires, July 29 1958) is an Argentine rock singer and guitar player, who was part of the hard rock band Riff in the mid-80s.
He was offered to join Pappo's band Riff in the mid-80s, becoming the rhythm guitarist and lead singer of the group, sharing vocal duties with Pappo.
Already consolidated as a successful solo artist, JAF started an extensive tour through Argentina that kept him away from the Buenos Aires stages.
In 2019 JAF and bassist Vitico re-activated Riff for a few shows, along with Pappo's son Luciano Napolitano, and Juan Moro, son of drummer Oscar Moro.
Frieda Fordham, (born Winefride Rothwell on 23 Feb 1903 - 7 Jan 1988) was a psychiatric social worker, Jungian analyst and writer.
She later trained as a Jungian analyst and was a founding member of the Society of Analytical Psychology, with her husband, Michael and six others.
She became a training analyst and was the author, among other works, of a classic text, 'An Introduction to Jung's Psychology', first published by Penguin Books in 1953 and subsequently much reprinted and translated into several languages.
She is the Sady and Ludwig Kahn director of the Alan D. Leve Center for Jewish Studies, professor of history, and holder of the Maurice Amado Chair in Sephardic Studies at UCLA.
The book tells the story of Sephardic history by looking at the descendants of Sa’adi Besalel Asheknazi a-Levi, a prominent resident of Ottoman-era Salonica (now Thesaloniki, Greece).
Theo the Pipe Smoker (* around 1790; † around 1820 in Kleinbasel) is the fictitious name of a man whose skeleton was found in 1984 in a former potter's field near the Theodorskirche (Theodor Church) in Kleinbasel (part of the Swiss city of Basel).
Although Kleinbasel was part of the city of Basel since the Middle Ages, it remained independent in many respects due to its location on the right bank of the Rhine.
The census of 1799 showed a population of just under 3000 people for the densely populated Kleinbasel, plus those not recorded, such as day labourers or passing travellers.
When Theo was born, the Middle Bridge was the only link across the Rhine in the region, as the Wettstein Bridge (German: Wettsteinbrücke) was only built in 1879.
It was used by sawmills, dye works and fulling mills, by tanners and millers, for gypsum mills, tobacco mills and others.
On the southern and eastern side of Kleinbasel, that were not traversed by watercourses, many of Kleinbasel’s inhabitants lived on agriculture, as winegrowers or sailors.
After the last grape harvest, it was prepared for the long-needed extension of the regular churchyard; the first funeral took place on 5 October 1779.
All burials were recorded in the register of deaths of the St. Theodor parish with first and last name, age, and often also with profession and origin.
Thus, the excavation work was accompanied by archaeologists of the Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt, the archaeological department of the Canton of Basel-Stadt.
In the winter of 1984, workers came across the remains of 24 graves in the western part of the former cemetery.
The skeleton was recovered completely, only the bones of a foot had to remain in the ground, as the wall of the pit could not be removed for static reasons.
Theo’s grave was dated as later than these, but earlier than grave 20, oriented in the same direction at his feet.
The older graves were oriented northeast-southwest and rather shallow, whereas the graves of the younger phase were oriented southwest-northeast and tended to be placed deeper in the ground.
So, Theo's body had obviously neither been buried at the beginning of this younger burial phase of 1814 nor the last one around 1833, but probably in the 1820s.
A total of 24 skeletons were recovered, brought to the Natural History Museum of Basel and archived there in the collection.
The research on Theo’s skeleton and his person was also the beginning of the extensive Basel Citizen Science program (in German: Bürgerforschung Basel-Stadt, BBS).
The numerous written and pictorial documents in the Staatsarchiv Basel-Stadt (State Archives of Basel City) from the 18th and 19th centuries greatly facilitated the research.
As part of an exercise conducted by the Institute for Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science of the University of Basel, two students, anthropologist Simon Kramis and historian Fabian Link, examined the skeleton from tomb 19 in 2004 and noticed two oval, almost circular gaps in the young man’s dentures, which aroused the young researchers’ curiosity and led to further investigations of the skeleton.
A strontium isotope analysis of three of his molars showed that he had most probably lived in the Basel area until the age of 13.
Investigations of dental cement and bone showed that as a young man he had suffered at least two phases of stress and signs of incipient osteoarthritis.
The cause of death could possibly have been an injury to the soft tissues caused by violence, or an infectious disease with a rapid course that left no traces on the skeleton.
Apart from that, the aforementioned oval gaps on the left side of the dentition are remarkable, as they almost form a circular cross-section when the jaw is slightly opened.
Examinations with a scanning electron microscope showed fine scratch marks on the tooth surface, indicating a wear process caused by the ceramic mouthpiece of a clay pipe and the fine quartz grains contained therein.
Excavations in graveyards with well-documented information on the deceased show that excessive smoking of clay pipes, which could also be smoked while working without using the hands, was more common in socially weak and hardworking classes.
On the small Merianscher Totenacker, which was in use from 5 October 1779 to 1 May 1833, there were neither gravestones nor memorial plaques nor a map of the area, nothing reminded of the dead who had been buried here.
In the Staatsarchiv Basel-Stadt, on the other hand, there was the death register of the parish of St. Theodor which listed the names, professions, age at death, and places of birth of all those who died in Kleinbasel.
Information on the burial place, however, was missing; it was not specified whether a deceased person found their final resting place in the Theodorskirche, in the Merianscher Totenacker, or in another of Kleinbasel’s cemeteries.
Since his age could be determined to be around 30 years, all candidates who were younger than 26 and older than 34 were eliminated, reducing the number of eligible candidates to 134.
Since Theo had belonged to the younger burial phase and the archaeologists connected this to the great typhoid epidemic of 1814, all men who died before 1814 were struck off the list.
As Theo must have had the pipe in his mouth all the time during his work and smoking was forbidden during activities in the wood and textile trades, the probability that he had pursued such a profession must have been rather low.
It took into account all candidates who could be considered to be Theo and assigned them each a certain probability to be Theo based on information about his profile.
In 2008, the database still listed twelve so-called top candidates who had a probability of 96 percent of being identical to Theo.
In order to find out whether one of the top twelve candidates was Theo, descendants had to be found on the female line in order to compare their DNA with Theo’s.
Genealogical research on descendants on the female line is demanding and time-consuming since every time women married, they adopted their husband’s name.
From the list of twelve, genealogical research was able to determine the names of fifteen possible descendants of the top candidates.
They were announced to the press together with the list of the twelve candidates on 10 March 2010, in the hope that descendants still living would recognise relatives.
For reasons of protection of descendants, care was taken to ensure than only names of potential descendants who had already been dead for a hundred years were published; protection of descendants takes effect upon the death of a person for a period of 100 years.
However, since they were descendants on the male line, they were not carriers of the mitochondrial DNA and no DNA comparison could be made.
Therefore, the genealogical procedure was adapted: Now, based on the list of twelve, through extensive genealogical family research descendants of the potential Theo candidates were to be found.
The following information on the life circumstances and family situation of the first two candidates, who could have been Theo, is based on the one hand on the research of several genealogists of the Citizen Science Basel (BBS), Marina Zulauf, Ursula Fink, Diana Gysin, and Beat Stadler, who searched the various archives, and on the other hand on genealogical and job-specific research.
Since no descendants of either of them could be found through the female line, a reliable identification has not yet been possible.
On 16 November 1816, Bender took his own life at six in the morning by cutting his throat with a razor.
It is also conceivable, however, that she advanced a disease so that her husband would receive an honest grave inside the churchyard and not be buried outside the cemetery walls, as was customary for suicides at the time.
Due to the fact that the neck muscles on the right side were completely severed but remained almost intact on the left side, it can be concluded that Bender made the cut from the top right to the bottom left, so he must have been left-handed.
If it now turns out that Theo was identical with Christian Friedrich Bender, this could indicate that Bender was killed – Theo was right-handed.
In August 1818 she married master glazier Adam Uehlinger, had two more children, died on 26 June 1839 at the age of 55 and left behind a considerable fortune of almost 20'000 francs.
On 2 March 1786, the professor of theology Jakob Meyer and the master dyer and Grand Councillor Achilles Miville were entered into the baptism register of the Theodorskirch as his godparents – perhaps a sign of charity towards the suffering family.
The family probably lived in poor conditions in two or three subletted rooms in the district of the parish of St. Theodor in Kleinbasel.
The father was a city soldier and had to feed the family of nine with a monthly wage of ten francs.
Of her seven children, the three youngest died as infants, the second son, Jacob Conrad Roth, drowned in the Rhine at the age of thirteen.
Achilles Itin remained unmarried and died at the age of 30 on 14 November 1816, a few months after his mother.
In the year 2001, historian Fabian Link created a facial reconstruction of Theo under the guidance of anthropologist and sculptor Gyula Skultéty.
Using newly developed methods, Forensic Genetics in Berlin managed in 2015 to isolate fragments of Theo’s nuclear DNA from a bone sample.
When researching the male line, there is the possibility of so-called milkman′s children who interrupt the paternal line with foreign DNA.
Therefore, if there is no proof of kinship in a potential descendant of Theo, the candidate cannot be removed from the candidate list with one hundred percent certainty.
To improve the possibilities of finding Theo’s descendants, a whole genome sequencing of Theo was carried out by the University of Potsdam (Institute of biochemistry and biology; evolutionary adaptive genomics) and Forensic Genetics Berlin.
The data obtained are uploaded to DNA databases such as GEDmatch which compare about 1 million DNA autosomal markers instead of maternal and paternal lines.
The most important statement so far has been that Theo belongs to the exact mitochondrial haplogroup U-3546A, as well as the Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1b-S22194 with the further private mutations BY47236 T and BY126769 G.
BP looks after its UK network of filling stations from the site, which also houses BP's Chargemaster subsidiary which provides electric vehicle charging.
At Somerset House, in 1784, he collaborated with the plasterer Thomas Collins, and it is recorded that they jointly received £7,915 2s 8d.
By the late 1790s Papworth had premises at 86 Great Portland Street, London; which he shared with his son John Buonarotti Papworth, who was then beginning a career in architecture.
He was placed on half-pay on 14 January 1914, but was restored to the establishment on 5 August 1914, the day after the outbreak of the First World War.
He was promoted to the temporary rank of surgeon-general on 2 November 1914, and from 1915 to 1917 he served as director of medical services of the Second Army.
Belgium also appointed him Commandeur of the Ordre de la Couronne in 1916 and awarded him the Croix de Guerre in 1918, as he had spent much of his wartime service in Belgium and had been responsible for dealing with the 1914–1915 civilian typhoid epidemic in the Second Army area.
He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1919 Birthday Honours and Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1921 New Year Honours.
This list of ecclesiastical decorations is an index to notable decorations, awards and medals bestowed by the various Christian churches or by institutions such as universities closely associated with these churches.
The list is organized by region and country of the sponsoring organization, but awards are not necessarily limited to people from that country.
Awards may be limited to people from the country in which the award is given, or may be open to worldwide contributions.
This list of biochemistry awards is an index to articles on notable awards for contributions to biochemistry, the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
The list gives the country of the organization that gives the award, but the award may not be limited to people from that country.
This list of biology awards is an index to articles about notable awards for biology, the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution.
The film stars Linda Caridi and Maria Roveran as a lesbian couple who want to become mothers of a child, and are struggling with the bureaucratic and financial burdens of the fertility clinic system.
The film premiered in the Alice nella città stream at the Rome Film Festival in October 2018, before going into wider theatrical release in early 2019.
It was picked up for international distribution by TLA Releasing in the United Kingdom and Strand Releasing in the United States, and has screened at various international LGBT film festivals.
This list of chemistry awards is an index to articles about notable awards for chemistry, the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances.
It excludes computer-related awards, computer science awards, industrial design awards, mechanical engineering awards, motor vehicle awards, occupational health and safety awards and space technology awards, which are covered by separate lists.
The list is organized by the region and country of the organizations that sponsor the awards, but some awards are not limited to people from that country.
This list of geography awards is an index to articles about notable awards for geography, the field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.
This list of geology awards is an index to articles on notable awards for geology, an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon.
The list is organized by region and country of the organization that sponsors the award, but awards are not always restricted to people from that country.
This list of geophysics awards is an index to articles on notable awards for contributions to geophysics, the branch of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis.
The list gives the country of the organization that sponsors the award, but the awards are not necessarily limited to people from that country.
This list of medicine awards is an index to articles about notable awards for contributions to medicine, the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
The list is organized by region and country of the organization giving the award, but the awards may be available to people from around the world.
The list includes lists of awards by the American Physical Society of the United States, and of the Institute of Physics of the United Kingdom, followed by a list organized by region and country of the organization that gives the award.
This list of social sciences awards is an index to articles about notable awards given for contributions to social sciences in general.
It excludes LGBT-related awards and awards for anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, Information science, politics and political science, psychology and sociology, which are covered by separate lists.
The list is organized by the country of the sponsoring organization, but awards may be given to people from other countries.
Louis J. Muglia (born 1959) is an American medical geneticist, endocrinologist and pediatrician noted for his research on premature birth and prenatal testing.
Muglia was the A. Graeme Mitchell Chair and Directory of the Division of Human Genetics and Vice Chair for Research at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
In 2008, Muglia left for Vanderbilt University to accept an endowed professorship and a position as Vice Chair of Research Affairs.
In 2012, he became the director of the Center for the Prevention of Preterm Birth at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Muglia's research focus was to understand the molecular timing machinery comprising the biological clock that determines the timing for birth to prevent or better treat human preterm labor and delivery utilizing genetic and comparative genomic approaches.
Muglia has also been elected as a Fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
He is an active member of the Society for Pediatric Research, American Pediatric Society, Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Endocrine Society.
Dr. Muglia served as chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health.
Shirin polo, also commonly known as Persian wedding rice, or Rosh Hashanah rice, is a traditional Persian Jewish rice dish that is commonly served to mark special occasions such as weddings, Purim, Pesach, Rosh Hashanah and the high holidays.
Shirin polo is considered a celebratory dish in the Persian Jewish community, with its preparation and consumption typically being given reserved for weddings, birthdays, and holidays such as Rosh Hashanah or Pesach.
The dish typically consists of basmati or jasmine rice that has been cooked in a unique method, involving soaking and boiling in a large amount of water, before being combined with a water-oil mixture containing saffron and/or ground turmeric, which is left to steam.
Some variants of shirin polo has a crispy crust, which is later used as a topping for the dish, and is called tahdig.
But many variants do not have the tahdig, and instead the rice is a uniformly yellow color due to the presence of saffron or turmeric.
The rice is drained and rinsed, and added to boiling water where it is boiled to an al dente consistency similar to pasta.
The rice is drained in a colander once more, and a slotted spoon is used to fluff the grains and help them steam somewhat.
Oftentimes a pinch of saffron or turmeric is added to the bottom of a pot, the rice is then poured into the pot and the reserved water-oil-spice mixture is poured on top of the rice.
Variants featuring a tahdig, or a crispy yellow rice crust, are often cooked for several hours until the tahdig is formed.
Once the shirin polo is finished cooking and is ready to serve, it is carefully unmoulded onto a serving platter and the shards of the tahdig, or crispy rice, are placed on top as a garnish.
The Persian wedding rise is then topped with a wide variety of dried fruits, such as apricots, barberries, dates, prunes, and nuts such as pistachio, almond, walnut, or hazelnuts.
Depending on the family, the dried fruits and nuts may be left whole or chopped, as different families have different traditions concerning this with some preferring them dried fruits and nuts to be left whole, while others prefer them to be chopped into smaller pieces.
This list of environmental awards is an index to articles about notable environmental awards for activities that lead to the protection of the natural environment.
Second-level divisions are those under first level (states, provinces, etc...) and they are counties, districts or cities, but the names vary by country.
He is mainly known for his involvement in the assassination of Peshwa Narayanrao in 1773, where he led several Gardis and brutally killed Narayanrao.
This message was intercepted by his wife Anandibai who changed a single letter to make it read as maaraa (मारा) or 'kill' .
Diki Tsering (德吉才仁, c. 1901 – January 12, 1981) was the mother of 3 reincarnated Rinpoches/Lamas: the mother of Lhamo Thondup, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th reincarnated Dalai Lama, the mother of Thubten Jigme Norbu, the 6th reincarnated Taktser Rinpoche, and the mother of Tendzin Choegyal, the 16th reincarnated Ngari Rinpoche.
In the article The Discourse of Lama, Qianlong Emperor condemned families with multiple reincarnated Rinpoches/Lamas , and he started policy (Article One of The 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet) of using lot-drawing process with Golden Urn to pick reincarnated lamas including the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama.
After death of Reting Rinpoche, since Golden Urn was not used in the lot-drawing selection process, the word was that a relative of the thirteenth Dalai Lama, Ditru Rinpoche was the real 14th Dalai Lama.
To eliminate doubt from the Kashag, it was decided to use lot-drawing process by placing both names in an urn, and shake the urn, and the name Lhamo Thondup fell out.
The Chust culture is a late Bronze Age and early Iron Age culture which flourished in the Fergana Valley of eastern Uzbekistan from ca.
The stone knives and sickles of the Chust culture, and its painted pottery, is similar to that of contemporary cultures further east in Xinjiang.
It has been suggested that they were part of an Iranian movement to the east, or perhaps a group of Iranians who were retreating westwards from Xinjiang.
The film explores the changing face of Cajun culture in the United States, and its roots in the Acadian culture of Canada, through a profile of the Crawfish Festival in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana.
At the 2019 Vancouver International Film Festival, the directors won the award for Most Promising Director of a Canadian Short Film.
In December 2019, the film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films.
The HKL Class M300 is a class of metro trains operated by Helsinki City Transport (HKL) in use on the Helsinki Metro.
The fortress of Palaiokastro was built in the sixteenth century to protect both the bay of Fraskia and the bay of Heraklion from enemy ships.
Before the construction of the modern port of Heraklion in the 1920s, and especially during Venetian times, Fraskia bay was important for maritime trade.
Furthermore, Fraskia bay functioned as an outport for the port of Heraklion as the shallow waters of the latter often forced vessels to take on only part of their cargo from Heraklion and the rest from Fraskia.
Kpehi Jean Charles Didier Brossou (born 23 December 1989), known as Didier Brossou, is a Ivorian footballer who plays for Chittagong Abahani as a Midfielder & Captain.
This is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen quality wines and one step above the less stringent Vino de la Tierra wines on the quality ladder.
It is located in the province of Seville (region of Castile and León), and as of 2019 includes one winery, Bodegas González Palacios.
Aitken was born in Accrington in Lancashire where her father was the town clerk and a solicitor for the Corporation of Accrington.
Aitken attended the Manchester School of Art and continued her studies at Chelsea Polytechnic and the Royal Academy Schools in London before establishing a studio in Upper Cheyne Row in Chelsea.
She also exhibited at the Royal Academy in London between 1918 and 1932, at the Royal Scottish Academy and with the Society of Women Artists.
The women's team recurve competition at the 2019 World Archery Championships took place from 10 – 16 June in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.
The combined totals of the 3 archers from each country in the qualification round were added together, and the 24 teams with the highest combined scores competed in the elimination rounds.
The first synagogue building was dedicated in 1935 by the Jewish community, located in a building on Rue du Cloître-de-la-Barge, not far from the Cathedral and the Court House.
On December 2, 1951, Le Souvenir français, a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, organized a ceremony at the Synagogue to remember those in the Jewish community who were killed during the war.
Rabbi Paul Bauer of Paris gave a speech at the event, making a point to remember all the dead of the war, regardless of their political, philosophical or religious views.
In 1968, the synagogue was moved because the block where it was located was undergoing construction, requiring demolition of the building.
A new synagogue opened its doors in 1969 at Port d'Amont, close to the Pont Beauvillé, where the community used a re-purposed garage as a worship space.
The building was dedicated on October 22, 2017, with Chief Rabbi of France Haïm Korsia in attendance, as well as Jewish and political figures from Lille, Paris and Amiens.
The sides of the building have mashrabiya openings that resemble Stars of David.. A side door with the Tablets of Stone leads to the ground floor, where the sanctuary is located.
Doctolib is a Franco-German company founded in late 2013 that creates consultation management software for health professionals and an online appointment-booking service for patients.
Doctolib was founded in December 2013 by Stanislas Niox-Chateau, Jessy Bernal, Ivan Schneider and Steve Abou-Rjeily, with the participation of 50 partner practitioners (doctors and dentists).
The company obtained support early on from the City of Paris, from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research and from the European Social Fund, via the Agoranov business incubator.
In February 2014, Doctolib raised 1 million euros from French entrepreneurs including Bertrand Jelensperger (co-founder of La Fourchette), Olivier Occelli (founder of NaturaBuy) and Antoine Freyz (Lastminute).
In November 2014, the company raised 4 million euros from its existing investors and from new investors including Pierre Kosciusko-Morizet and Pierre Krings, the co-founders of PriceMinister.
A month later, in December 2014, the company was working with 1,000 partner health professionals, with 10 new clinics joining the company.
After an experiment conducted with the Georges-Pompidou European hospital in Paris, in April 2017, a thousand doctors practicing at the AP-HP began offering online appointment-booking, both on the AP-HP website and on the Doctolib platform.
According to a study by the Hospinnomics Chair, the introduction of online appointment-booking had two positive effects for the hospital: for the health professionals, a month after the installation of theplatform the number of fee-generating appointments increased by 7.5% in the AP-HP health establishments equipped with this solution.
In addition to this increase in efficiency for health professionals, the service was also popular with patients: ⅓ of the 5,000 patients interviewed by the AP-HP in January 2018 stated that they would have looked for an appointment outside the AP-HP without the online appointment-booking system and 85% of them recommended the service to their friends and relatives without any prompting.
With a workforce now numbering 600 people, the two businesses were eager to provide more comprehensive services while also improving the treatment experience for patients and access to health professionals.
Organized with 500 partner doctors, the service is part of the Convention médicale (medical treatment contracts system) and is refunded in full by the French health insurance system.
In September 2019, the company announced that it had authorized 40,000 tele-consultations via its services, equivalent to two thirds of the tele-consultations reimbursed in France since the start of reimbursement.
In March 2019, the company had 75,000 professionals and 1,400 health establishments as clients while generating 30 million patient visits each month via its website and mobile application.
The other shareholders are the Banque Publique d’Investissement (Bpifrance - the French public investment bank), the Eurazeo, Accel, Kernel and General Atlantic investment funds and the entrepreneurs participating in the fundraising rounds (Ludwig Klitzsch, Pierre Kosciusko-Morizet, Bertrand Jelensperger, Antoine Freysz, Pierre Krings, Olivier Occelli and Maxime Forgeot).
She attended Fairfax High School where she acted in theatre in Los Angeles before moving to New York to begin her show business career.
Lawrence started her career during the 1940s, appearing in films such as Half a Hero, Phffft, Three for the Show, Trial, The Solid Gold Cadillac and The Opposite Sex among others during the 1950s and 1960s.
She also appeared in TV series like Life with Elizabeth, Dragnet, Climax!, I Led 3 Lives, I Married Joan, Cavalcade of America, Four Star Playhouse, Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, Highway Patrol and Chevron Hall of Stars among others.
Ransom Montgomery (1806 – December 6, 1884) was an American slave, the only slave owned by the state of Georgia, and the second black person to own property in Atlanta.
The slave, Ransom Montgomery, first rose to public attention in July 1849 when he was manning a ferry boat near a wooden bridge that spanned the Chattahoochee River.
Montgomery noticed that the bridge was on fire and a train traveling over the bridge was in danger of catching fire.
As a reward for his act, the government-owned Western and Atlantic Railroad purchased him from his master, H. B. Y. Montgomery, for $1250.
By and act of the State legislature, Montgomery was awarded $562.50 and a monthly stipend for life, as well as a plot of land (located next to the Macon roundhouse), where he was allowed to work as a food and beverage vendor.
Following the war, he rebuilt his house, and the Montgomery brothers purchased another plot of land on Sweet Auburn (now Auburn Avenue), and founded the Big Bethel AME Church, the oldest African-American church in Atlanta at the site.
He successfully sued the city of Atlanta for neglecting to maintain the stairway, at which point he was turned out from his house by the city.
She became the first woman of Asian descent to win the Golden Globe for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.
George Grice-Hutchinson (1848 - 18 May 1906) was a British Conservative politician who served as Member of Parliament for Aston Manor from a by-election in 1891 to 1900, when he stood down.
Anna Maria della Pietà (c.1696 - 10 August 1782), was an Italian violinist, composer and teacher based in the Venetian orphanage Ospedale della Pietà.
By the time she was eight her musical prowess had brought her to the attention of the heads of the school.
This is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen quality wines and one step above the less stringent Vino de la Tierra wines on the quality ladder.
It is located in the province of Salamanca (region of Castile and León), and known for its red wines using the native Rufete grape.
Caroline B. Hedger (born Braceville Township, Ohio, January 12, 1868; died Connecticut, July 10, 1951) was an American nurse, physician, and writer on public health issues.
She was educated at Willoughby High School in Willoughby, Ohio, Berea College in Kentucky (1888-9) and at Wellesley College in Northampton, Massachusetts (1889-90).
From 1890 to 1899 she trained and worked as a nurse, getting a degree at the Illinois Training School for Nurses.
She received a medical degree from the Northwestern University Women's Medical School in 1899 and another from Rush Medical College in 1904.
In 1912 Hedger published a paper which argued that low wages in Packingtown contributed to low academic performance and stunted growth among immigrant workers there.
Hedger worked as a physician for the Women's Trade Union League in Chicago and spoke at the organization's conference of her concerns that working conditions and low wages negatively impacted women's ability to successfully run their homes and raise children.
She advocated for businesses to take responsibility for promoting good health among their workers and in the neighborhoods in which they lived, because healthy workers were more productive.
In 1915, with the support of the Chicago Women's Club, Hedger spent six months in Belgium working with refugees, helping prevent typhoid.
Hedger was hired by the US Department of Labor in 1916 and wrote a number of article between 1917 and 1924 about Americanization of immigrants; Hedger viewed Americanization as vital to ensuring that immigrants were able to navigate the health care system and receive proper care.
She published a Well Baby Primer in 1919 which taught good practices for baby care while also teaching English and instructing immigrants on how to deal with matters like birth certificates and naturalization.
Starting in 1920, Hedger worked with the Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, established by International Harvester president Cyrus McCormick Jr. in honor of a daughter who died young, to study ways to improve the lives of children.
Tikla is around 170 kilometers south of Mathura, and 50 kilometers southwest of Gwalior, on the road from Mathura to Tumain and Ujjain.
It is located on the right bank of the Parvati river, about one kilometer from Mohana (मोहना) town on the Agra-Bombay road.
Probably the earliest known Indian depiction of the Mathuran known as the Vrishni heroes, is a rock painting found at Tikla.
The deities are depicted wearing a dhoti with a peculiar headdress, and are shown holding their attributes: a plow and a sort of mace for Balarama, and a mace and a wheel for Vāsudeva.
It is the earliest known maze design in India, is dated to 250 BCE, and it is thought that the design was introduced with the campaigns of Alexander the Great.
Gondi (go-n-dee), sometimes spelled as ghondi, or gundi, is a Persian Jewish dish of meatballs made from ground lamb, veal or chicken traditionally served on Shabbat.
Gondi are served as part of chicken soup served on Shabbat and other Jewish holidays, similar to their Ashkenazi Jewish counterpart matzo balls.
The origin of Gondi is not certainly known as the Jewish community residing in various cities in Iran are said to have been its origin, but it is commonly said to have first been made in the Jewish community of Tehran.
Gondi recipes typically include some form of ground meat, chickpea flour (which may be prepared using toasted chickpeas), shredded onions, ground cardamom, and salt.
Guests will be transported from the Walt Disney Theatre (Disney Cruise Line) to the New York Sanctum Sanctorum, the residence of Doctor Strange.
Young apprentices play a special role in the experience, as Doctor Strange calls upon them of learn the fundamentals of the Mystic Arts.
After completion of their mystic arts training, the students put their new skills to the test when suddenly an epic battle against Dormammu inside the Dark Dimension ensues.
The XM1100 Scorpion, formerly known as the Intelligent Munitions System, was an anti-vehicle, smart ground munition developed by Textron Defense Systems as a safer alternative to traditional landmines.
It was a remotely controlled, integrated system of lethal and non-lethal munitions, ground sensors, and communication technology that could autonomously detect, track, and destroy light-wheeled to heavy-tracked vehicles.
Each dispensing module can cover a minimum lethal area of 35 meters in diameter, which can be arranged to overlap the fields of other dispensing modules in order to expand the total range of surveillance.
An operator supervising a single XM1100 Scorpion control station can control the activity of its corresponding dispensing module at a range of up to 3 kilometers.
Unlike traditional landmines, the activity of the XM1100 Scorpion munitions can be remotely turned on or off by the operator, allowing friendly vehicles to pass through the lethal area unharmed if necessary.
However, once activated, the XM1100 Scorpion can fire four anti-vehicle smart munitions into the air, releasing a guided warhead on the target.
The system is also connected to the Army Battle Command Network, which allows military personnel to monitor enemy and non-combatant activity as well as prevent unwanted or unused munitions from becoming buried and forgotten.
Development for the XM1100 Scorpion began as a response to the U.S. landmine policy directive of 2004, which banned the use of persistent landmines.
On July 2006, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) awarded Textron Defense Systems with a $115 million contract for the design and development of the XM1100 Scorpion and the similarly smart XM-7 Spider landmine system as part of the DoD’s Future Combat System (FCS) acquisition program.
However, decreases in the Army’s funding and the high cost of developing the munition system caused the DoD to delete the project from the FCS contract, and the XM1100 Scorpion was established as a stand-alone program in January 2007 under the supervision of the Army’s Project Manager for Close Combat Systems (PM-CCS).
In 2009, a test series of the system at Fort Benning, Georgia evaluated the XM1100 Scorpion’s ability to identify and engage targets in urban environments.
In 2010, successful performance testing at Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona showed that the XM1100 Scorpion had verified its operational reliability across all operational environments.
In contrast, the development of the XM-7 Spider continued unhindered due to a $34 million contract awarded by Picatinny Arsenal in 2011.
He finished sixth at the 1989 Summer Universiade, competed at the 1990 European Championships and the 1994 European Indoor Championships without reaching the final.
He became Finnish champion in 1990, before a long reign of Juha Isolehto, and Finnish indoor champion in 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992 and 1995.
It was established in spring 1890 as an intended spur of the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway to create a shipping point for Roswell, New Mexico ranches.
As was common at the time, a battle to obtain county seat status ensued between Ayr and another town named Grenada (later renamed La Plata), which had been established by the XIT Ranch.
In a contested election, La Plata won the election by a wide margin, and as a result the rail spur was never built.
Pandit Mitra was initiated early into music by his father, Sangeetacharya Shib Mitra, at the age of five, who was himself trained under the tutelage of Pandit Bholanath Pathak of Varanasi.
Pandit Mitra completed his Intermediate from St. Xaviers College, Kolkata; Bachelor's Degree from Vivekananda College, University of Madras and then earned a Masters degree in Philosophy from the University of Madras.
Along with his professional career, he also pursued music and took it to an extent which was to be soon recognized as his own rendition of Dhrupad, in India and across the world.
He is known for his mastery in the Dhrupad style of the Betia Banaras Gharana along with the Dagar alap style .
His several accolades, bestowed titles and honors reflect his work as a vocalist where he brings to the fore the work with an exemplary sense of proportion and a unique sense of innovation.
She married twice but she divorced her first husband because he was unfaithful and lost the second because she was unfaithful.
In 2014, Giddings was a Major and Admissions Liaison Officer in the United States Air Force Reserve's Air Force Academy/Reserve Officer Training Corps.
On November 8, 2016, Giddings won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 7 seat A. Giddings defeated Jessica Chilcott with 70.8% of the votes.
Douglas Arnold Preston (December 19, 1858 – October 20, 1929) was an American attorney and politician who served as the Attorney General of Wyoming as a Democrat.
In 1878 he was admitted to the legal bar and served in Illinois courts until 1887 when he moved to Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory.
In 1887 he created an office in Rawlins with John R. Dixon and then moved to Lander in 1888 and in 1895 he moved to Rock Springs.
In 1889 he was selected as one of the Democratic delegates to the Wyoming constitutional convention to draft its constitution to be submitted for statehood.
In 1911 Governor Joseph M. Carey appointed him as attorney general and he was later reappointed by Governor John B. Kendrick in 1915.
On October 8, 1929 he was involved in a car crash which gave him four broken ribs and a severe skull fracture and on October 21 died in a Rock Springs hospital.
This is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen quality wines and one step above the less stringent Vino de la Tierra wines on the quality ladder.
He serve as the Economic Director of the Egyptian United Nations Association and the founder and CEO of El Houseni Group (2013).
He is the chief editor of the entrepreneurial think tank Egypt Business Guide, the prime business directory in Egypt and the Eye of Egypt Magazine, a channel of communication that leads advancement in the market of the state locally and internationally, circulating in Egypt since 2013.
In 2014, he was appointed as the International Economic Advisor of the World Federation of United Nations Friends (WFUNAF) wherein he spearheaded the system of supporting objectives of the Charter of the United Nations and the work of the United Nations system.
He initiated the very first comprehensive and innovative channel of communication in print and online business guide, highlighted and recognized by the market nationwide.
Mohammad El-Houseni was born from an Egyptian mother, Mrs. Nadia Mustafa, who used to work in the Information Department of the General Authority for Communications, and an Egyptian father, Dr. Hamza El- Houseni, who was the head of the surgery department at the General Hospital and then a consultant doctor in general surgery.
Obtained a university degree in Commerce and Business from Mansoura University in the Egypt, as well as Buckingham International College – London, United Kingdom, a Degree in Doctorate of Philosophy (PHD) In Criteria of International Economic Development.
Spanning his business since 2010, acclaimed for across the board advancement to competence, service development and marketing for 10 years successful experience, El Houseni led a client-centric organization through insightful leadership and accountability ultimately expanding the overall reach of the publications (Directories re: Business, Commercial, Medical Guide and Eye of Egypt Magazine projects).
As a founder and CEO of El Houseni Group, he effectively manages the daily operations of publications of local projects with full operational responsibility including budgeting, administration, P&L performance, staff planning and leadership, sales, marketing, circulation and collections while directing a team of 150 employees.
Having an extensive business background in international and multi-cultural milieu, El Houseni, constantly produce revenue, profit and business growth objectives within start-up, turnaround and rapid-change environments and in dynamic changing markets.
In 5 April 2014, as an international economic advisor, El Houseni collaborated with the World Federation of United Nations Association and the will power of the organization, take the initiative in working hand in hand, to submit the organization objectives of the Charter of the United Nations and the work of the United Nations system.
In May 2014, recognized as leader and adviser, he was appointed as CEO in the Concord for Media and Publication (MENA region).
He has been known the topnotch speaker and economic adviser to appear on Nile International, Nile News, Nile Life, Channel 1, Cairo Channel, Al Hadath TV.
The Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics is a research center at the California Institute of Technology focused on high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, astrophysics, general relativity, and cosmology.
The Institute was founded in 2014 with grants from the Sherman Fairchild Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and funding from the California Institute of Technology itself.
It had an initial endowment of over $70 million, a significant amount, particularly when placed in the context of Department of Energy funding for high-energy physics.
Tomás José Guitarte Gimeno is a spanish architect and politician serving as president and sole deputy within the Congress of Deputies for the electoral coalition Teruel Existe.
Previously to this, he was Deputy Head of Mission at the British Embassy in Madrid from 2012 to 2016 and the British Embassy in Bangkok from 2008 to 2012.
Since joining the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, he has also worked in 10 Downing Street and at the NATO Headquarters during the Kosovo War.
Among his activities since his appointment have been overseeing the refurbishment of the Ambassador's residence in Makati and encouraging stronger bilateral ties between the United Kingdom and the Philippines, especially through joint efforts to stop online sexual exploitation and the illegal wildlife trade.
It was created as the basis of a massive confidence scam by George G. Wright, an unscrupulous land promoter, in order to sell an 80,000 acre tract of XIT Ranch land that existed 25 miles northwest of Hereford.
Wright constructed a fake town which included a hotel, a general store, and a schoolhouse, none of which were occupied by permanent settlers.
Wright's fraud was so successful that the United States Postal Service briefly established a post office in Kelso that operated from 1907-1908.
Wright and his associates, by misrepresenting the quality and value of the land, its distance from towns, and stage of development, successfully sold parcels at prices from $8 to $40 an acre.
In order to protect the scam, residents from the immediate surrounding area were not allowed on the special trains Wright chartered from Kansas City, and the land purchasers were disallowed from mingling with local residents.
Dryland farmers, who made up the preponderance of the buyers, realized too late that the town was fake and that deep-well irrigation was necessary to grow crops.
Piece of Mind (Manga) is a 2019 manga written by Nimrod Frydman and illustrated by Guy Lenman; it won the 2019 International Manga Award.
Mohammed Al-Thani (, born 22 January 1997) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Pro League side Al-Ittihad on loan from Al-Faisaly.
Thirty Capitol View Corridors place legal restrictions on construction in Austin, Texas, and five additional corridors have been proposed but not yet implemented.
First established by the Texas Legislature in 1983, the corridors aim to preserve the visibility of the Texas State Capitol from various points around the city.
A Capitol View Corridor is a quadrilateral that links a line segment somewhere in Greater Austin to the base of the capitol dome.
No structure is permitted to be built that would intersect the viewing corridor and thus obstruct the protected view of the capitol.
, state law defines thirty Capitol View Corridors in Austin, while municipal code defines twenty-six protected corridors, twenty-one of which are identical to state-defined corridors and five of which differ slightly from five of the state corridors.
The proposal was provisionally approved by council on February 16, after an amendment removed one of the five proposed new corridors; that corridor was later restored to the proposal on March 2. , city staff are reviewing the proposed additional corridors for feasibility.
Doss' parents divorced when she was a child, and she lived with her mother, Kelly Skalicky, who later married her partner, Veronica, who shared parenting responsibilities.
Her family first lived in Albuquerque, New Mexico for two years, and later she then spent most of her childhood in Chicago, and later moved to New York City.
Randy Grau (born December 3, 1975) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 81st district from 2010 to 2016.
It was originally named Grenada and was established in 1890 by the XIT Ranch as a means of consolidating political power after Deaf Smith County was established.
After Grenada won the election, county judge J. R. Dean changed the town's name to La Plata due to a request from postal officials.
A courthouse was built and the town soon added a post office, a school, a county jail, and a Presbyterian church.
Businesses included a general store, a pharmacy, a saloon, a hotel, an implement house, a blacksmith shop, a livery stable, and the offices which housed the county's first newspaper, the La Plata Star.
Poor weather played a role in the town's slow population growth: from 1891 to 1894 the area suffered a drought, which caused considerable problems for farmers and ranchers.
In 1899 the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway built through the southern part of Deaf Smith County and into New Mexico, bypassing La Plata.
On November 8 of that year, a new county seat election was held and the new town of Blue Water (later renamed Hereford) won because it was serviced by the railroad.
Nothing remains of La Plata today except some graves in the cemetery which is located on private land that has since been reclaimed for farming.
Snap general elections were held on 9 January 2020 in Sint Maarten, two years earlier than scheduled, following the dissolution of the Second Marlin-Romeo cabinet in September 2019.
In order to participate in the election, new parties and parties without a seat in parliament were required to obtain at least 136 signatures; 1% of the valid votes of the 2018 parliamentary elections.
He represented England and won a silver medal in the 50 metres rifle prone (pair) with Philip Scanlan, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
It was developed and published by Ocean Software, and was released in Europe for Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum.
By April 1985, Ocean Software was planning to create a game based on the television series, with a release scheduled for later in the year.
Most of the game consists of driving levels in which the player travels to the selected city while avoiding enemy fire from oncoming helicopters.
Playing as KITT, the player can reach up to 240 miles per hour, which is faster than if KITT drives himself.
Irene Guerrero Sanmartín (born 12 December 199), simply known as Irene, is a Spanish footballer who plays as central midfielder for Primera División club Real Betis, where she serves as the team captain, and the Spain women's national team.
The 1990's saw a surge of popularity with the team, introducing the first Concacaf Championships, Women's World Cups, Olympic Tournament, and Algarve Cups, all of which were won at least once by the US.
A member of Union of Islamic Iran People Party's central comittee, he held office as the party's political deputy secretary-general from 2017 to 2019.
Kingsmead is a garden village and civil parish in the Cheshire West and Chester district, Cheshire, England, located on the eastern bank of the River Weaver.
South of Northwich and west of Leftwich, the village is a greenfield site and was constructed by Redrow to hold a population of 5,000 people.
District 17 covers the southern half of Kanawha County, including parts of Charleston and the nearby communities of St. Albans, Tornado, South Charleston, Coal Fork, Pinch, Elkview, Clendenin, Marmet, Belle, Chesapeake, and Cedar Grove.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 2nd congressional district, and overlaps with the 32nd, 35th, 36th, 39th, and 40th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
One Night in Miami is an upcoming American drama film directed by Regina King in her directorial debut, from a screenplay by Kemp Powers based upon play of the same name by Powers.
In July 2019, it was announced Regina King would direct the film and serve as an executive producer, from a screenplay by Kemp Powers based upon play of the same name.
In January 2020, it was announced Kingsley Ben-Adir, Eli Goree, Aldis Hodge, Leslie Odom Jr., and Lance Reddick had joined the cast of the film.
A musician, teacher and computer scientist, he taught at Stanford University for 34 years, and developed the music engraving tool SCORE.
Showing an early interest in music, after four years of initial study with local teachers he took private lessons in counterpoint, orchestration and composition with Darius Milhaud, who lived near the Smith family.
Smith continued studying with Milhaud for two years till he was old enough to join the United States Navy in 1943.
On leaving the Navy in 1946 he studied for a baccalaureate and master's degree in composition under Roger Sessions at University of California, Berkeley, and then went to Paris to study under Olivier Messiaen at the Paris Conservatoire in 1948-9.
Returning to America, he worked predominantly as a bassoonist in New York, but also took occasional work with the San Francisco Opera Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, and New York City Ballet.
Accepting a teaching position at University of Chicago in 1952, Smith taught there till 1958 when he moved to the teaching and research position at Stanford University which lasted till his retirement in 1992.
After six years of teaching harmonic analysis and composition at Stanford, Smith won a Fulbright Scholarship to study for a year in Paris.
Returning to Stanford in 1965, Smith joined in the work done by John Chowning, Max Mathews, John Pierce and David Poole on computer synthesized music.
In 1966 Smith developed an input syntax for MUSIC V that he called SCORE to enable music to be entered more accurately and efficiently into the new MUSIC V system that the team were developing.
This was developed into the independent program he called MS which was the first computer music typesetting program, and which was further developed into the SCORE program.
Retiring in 1992, Smith continued to develop SCORE and was an enthusiastic supporter of the local donkey sanctuary till his death on 13 December 2013.
Igor Grobelny (born ) is a Belgian volleyball player of Polish descent, a member of Belgium men's national volleyball team and Polish club VERVA Warszawa ORLEN Paliwa.
The Fulford ring is a medieval gold ring with emerald and ruby settings found by metal detectorist Paul Ibbotson in December 2016.
It has a ruby and an emerald set into the double-bezel and floriate, chip-carved decoration on each side of the band.
It weighs 4.42 g. X-ray fluorescence of the metal indicated that the ring had a surface composition of approximately 76–79% gold, 12–15% silver, the rest being copper (c. 8–10%).
Medieval lapidiaries suggest that emeralds were associated with chastity and rubies with love and prevention of anger, which may have been important qualities in a medieval relationship.
The ring was bought by York Museums Trust in 2019 for £20,000 with funding from the Headley Museums Archaeological Acquisition Fund, the Arts Council England/V&A Purchase Grant Fund, and public donations.
He is best known for hosting the Q Breakfast Show on Q Radio for 7 years until June 2019, and The Stephen Clements Show on BBC Radio Ulster from September 2019 to January 2020.
Q Radio held a minutes silence at 4:30pm at the time his funeral was taking place to pay tribute to him.
Clements presented the Q Radio Breakfast Show until 21 June 2019 alongside Sara Neill and later Cate Conway on the commercial radio station.
On the day of its release, the single debuted in the best-selling iTunes tracks in several Latin American countries, in addition to reaching the number one trend in both Chile and Mexico.
The lyrics address the situation of a couple in which she asks the object of her affection for a complete and totalizing kiss, which, according to the lyrics of the song, encompasses all the sensations that such a contact can cause in the be loved, regardless of whether it is parting.
The music video was directed by Sebastián Soto Chacón was recorded in Mexico and features the participation of Mexican actor Diego Luna where it shows a satire to which the painting of The Last Supper refers to where a Mon Laferte dancing to Diego on a table, accompanied by a series of dancers while they kiss and dance different Latin American rhythms.
Bab Ftouh (also spelled Bab Fetouh) is the main southeastern gate of Fes el-Bali, the old walled city of Fes, Morocco.
Not long after, in 1069, the twin cities were conquered by the Almoravids and joined into one city with a single set of walls.
These were destroyed in 1145 by the Almohad conqueror Abd al-Mu'min but then rebuilt by one of his successors, Muhammad al-Nasir, in 1212.
The current gate thus dates back essentially to the Almohad period, when it was one of the gates in the walls rebuilt by Muhammad al-Nasir.
Two other gates used to be located not far from it: Bab Khoukha to the northeast and Bab el-Hamra to the southwest.
However, both of these disappeared centuries ago, leaving Bab Ftouh as the only main entrance in this part of the city.
In the late 16th century the Saadians built a kasbah (citadel or fortified enclosure), called Kasbah Tamdert, just north of the gate and inside the city walls, most likely to help maintain control over the hostile local population.
Today, the area of Bab Ftouh is also a local transport hub for buses and taxis, with the road east to Taza passing here.
Unlike many other medieval gates to the city, it does not have a bent entrance but provides a straight passage into the old city.
It opens through a large horseshoe or moorish arch, surrounded by a shallow rectangular frame (similar to Bab Mahrouk on the other side of the city), flanked by smaller arched openings on either side.
It is one of the largest and historically most prestigious cemeteries in Fes, housing the graves of many of Fes's famous and wealthy citizens, as well as a number of local Muslim saints and marabouts.
The eastern part is known as Sidi Harazem, after one of the most important local saints buried here: Sidi 'Ali ibn Harazem (or Harzihim), a 12th-century Sufi mystic who died in 1164-65.
Another cemetery, Bab al-Hamra Cemetery (named after the former city gate located there) also historically existed inside the city walls, to the west of the Bab Ftouh gate.
Ribeiras del Morrazo is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Galicia.
The area covered by this geographical indication comprises the municipalities of Pontevedra, Poio, Vilaboa, Bueu, Cangas, Moaña, Marín, and Redondela, in the province of Pontevedra, in Galicia, Spain.
Charles Townsend (1832-November 4 1908) was a British Liberal politician who represented Bristol North in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1895.
Eva María Navarro García (born 27 January 2001) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a forward for Primera División club Levante UD and the Spain women's national team.
Navarro represented Spain at three UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship editions (2016, 2017 and 2018), two FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup editions (2016 and 2018), the 2019 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship and the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Barely a year later, he exited the record label after his contract expired, alongside fellow label mates Adekunle Gold and Viktoh.
It excludes humanitarian and service awards, religion-related awards, peace prizes, law enforcement awards and honors and legal awards, which are covered by separate lists.
The list is organized by region and country of the award sponsor, but some awards are open to people or organizations around the world.
Bakliwal was elected to the office in January 2020 after he defeated rival, BJP's Narendra Banjare by securing 40 out of 60 votes.
Carita Ann-Marie Jussila (20 August 1947 - 18 March 2011) was Finnish, a language teacher and three time World Champion in archery.
She competed at the in the women's individual event at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games and finished fourteenth with a score of 2298 points.
Jussila won the World Field Archery Championships and European title in the freestyle women's individual event in 1980, 1982 and 1986.
She completed undergraduate studies in zoology at Swarthmore College in 1938, and, in 1941, earned a master's degree in nursing from Yale School of Nursing.
Flack also painted landscapes and botanical watercolors, and exhibited her works mainly in North Carolina, as a member of Tryon Painters and Sculptors.
Hertha Eisenmenger married naval officer James Monroe Flack in 1941; the best man at their wedding was Boston Red Sox pitcher Dave Ferriss.
She represented England and won a bronze medal in the 10 metres air rifle, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
A third Games appearance in 2006 resulted in winning a gold medal in the 50 metres rifle 3 position pair with Louise Minett.
George Bickersteth Hudson (1845 - 29 February 1912) was a British Conservative politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Hitchin, Hertfordshire from 1892 to 1906.
The Fiat 619 is a multi-purpose truck, tractor for Semi-trailer trucks, manufactured from 1964 to 1980 and part of the Fiat V.I.
The truck was intended to replace the Fiat 682 in production since 1952, but the manufacturing of the latter continued until 1984, also thanks to the demands of the African market.
The first generation included two versions: the Fiat 619 N, as a chassis truck, and the Fiat 619 T, as a road tractor.
The second generation was launched (Fiat 619 N1 and Fiat 619 T1) from 1970 and was equipped with the more spacious Fiat H cabin, which was then kept until 1991.
Initially equipped with an engine of 12,883 cubic centimeters and 210 horsepower, with the N1 and T1 versions it changed to a propulsion unit of 13,798 cubic centimeters and 260 horsepower.
The two vehicles, built in advance of the European Code which stipulated 19 Tonnes as mass limits for two-axle vehicles and 26 tonnes for three-axle vehicles, were quite popular in Northern Europe.
The 619 T1 was equipped with a diesel engine type 221, straight-six engine, with a power of 208 and a displacement of 12883 cc.
The Wilayi Independents () is a parliamentary group in the 10th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran, unofficially led by Ali Larijani.
Though a minority with estimated 80 members, the group is believed to have an advantage in the parliament by shaping a minority influence situation.
At the beginning, the reformists whose list successfully elected 125 candidates to the parliament, expected the moderate independents to join them on a majority faction with about 169 members.
The congregation was founded in Rome on 25 November 1857 by Marcelina Darowska (1827-1911) with the collaboration of Józefa Karska: Hieronim Kajsiewicz, co-founder of the Resurrectionist Congregation, drafted the first rule for the sisters, inspired by that of the Resurrectionist Congregation.
On January 17, 1863 Pope Pius IX granted the foundress the right to move the headquarters of the congregation to Jazłowiec, Poland (archdiocese of Lviv).
Pius IX granted the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception a decretum laudis on May 22, 1863 and approved the congregation on July 29, 1874.
The 2019–20 season will be Érd HC's 10th competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 46nd year in existence as a handball club.
A third Games appearance in 2006 resulted in winning a silver medal in the centre fire pistol pair with Simon Lucas.
Clarence Smith (1849 - 10 June 1941) was a British Liberal politician who served as Member of Parliament for Kingston upon Hull East in the 25th Parliament between 1892 and 1895.
Decodon puellaris, the red hogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses, from the western Atlantic Ocean.
The dorsal fin has a smooth profile without any noticeable notch, there are ten dorsal fin spines and 9-10 soft rays.
The adults are red in colour above and whitish below and has three yellow stripes in their heads, along the top lip, one from the lower margin pf the eye to the lower gill cover and the other from the snout, running through the eye to the top of the gill cover.
There are lines of yellow on the body formed by spots on the scales of the body, as are the lines along the bases of the dorsal and anal fins.The caudal fin has its upper and outer margins coloured yellow.
The juveniles are red wth a large black eye spot in the centre of the last few spines in the dorsal fin and a small black spot on the top of the caudal peduncle.
They are found in the Bahamas, through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea the range continuing south along the coats of South America as far as Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil.
It occurs ate depths of between > This species is a carnivore and its diet consists of mobile benthic worms, molluscs and bony fish.
Red hogfish are collected for eating by humans but the extent of this and its affects on local populations are not known.
Search for the Titanic is a graphic adventure video game developed by Codesmiths and Intracorp and published by its subsidiary Capstone Software in 1989.
Versions for the Apple II and Amiga were planned, but never reached development (or just cancelled and not completed in the case of the announced Apple II port).
If that works out, the player needs the right equipment, adequate supplies, an ideal vessel and competent personnel on a limited budget.
He turned his attention to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, whom his brother Kenneth had worked with previously and were conveniently located near enough for him to contact on a daily basis.
Woods Hole were keen on the idea of a video game based on their exploits and Intracorp got the required rights.
At the request of Robert Ballard, Intracorp changed it so that no treasure collecting occurred in the gameplay, in order to set a good example for players and future oceanographers.
Ballard's photos were no good for digitizing in their current format, so Codesmiths had the slides converted to contact prints (placed on one sheet of light-sensitive paper) at a photographic lab.
Then the page of contact prints were placed inside a scanner with a special digitzing program to input them on a computer.
A reviewer from The Games Machine gave the game a score of 68% saying that the game lacks gameplay and gets boring, but may be worth checking out if you are looking for something different.
A reviewer from Zzap!64 gave the game a score of 50% finding the graphics and screens uninteresting and the gameplay boring.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Bacău is the 52nd season of Liga IV Bacău, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The league consisted of 24 teams divided into 2 series of 12 teams and will play a regular season, followed by a play-off and play-out.
At the end of regular season, the first 3 ranked teams in each series will qualify for championship play-off and the winner will participate for promotion play-off to Liga III.
(Certificate of sports identity) issued by the Ministry of Youth and Sport and teams with at least one group of children and juniors (U19, U17, U15, U13, U11).
Kirsty Hay (born 9 February 1972 in Glasgow, Scotland as Kirsty Addison) is a Scottish curler, a two-time (1992, 1995) and a three-time Scottish women's champion (1995, 1996, 1998).
At 17, she won her first national junior title and went on to skip her team to gold at the .
Gary Craig Birdsong (born August 16, 1964) is a former American football defensive back who played for the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL).
One day Shepherd Kayi khosrow came to the Palace and complained that a zebra had fled from the herd like a lion.
When Rostam reached the plain, he waited three days and on the fourth day he saw zebra herds They are fleeing.
There he found his horse with a herd of Afrasiab horses, then mounted the horse and took the herd of Afrasiab horses with him.
Rostam was attacked by the Afrasiab Corps at the end of work and fought with all of the Turanian soldiers one trunk.
A second Games appearance eight years later in 2006 resulted in winning a silver medal in the same event with Helen Spittles.
The investment budget is sourced from a mixture of Build, Operate and Transfer contracts, Japanese development loans from JICA and direct state investment.
Construction of the 59.6 km long section between Dau Giay and Tan Phu is scheduled to begin in 2020 with a total investment of 7,000 billion VND.
He was named as the third Vicar Apostolic of the Vicariate of Kota Kinabalu (now Archdiocese) and Titular Bishop of Catabum Castra in 1975, and then was elevated as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Kota Kinabalu in 1977, with both positions given by Saint Paul VI.
He decided to enter the priesthood by entering the College General Major Seminary Penang in 1955 and was ordained a priest in 1963.
On 14 Nov 1975, he was chosen to become a bishop by Pope Paul VI (now saint) and consecrated by Rt.
Anthony Denis Galvin from the Diocese of Miri, Sarawak, at the Sacred Heart Cathedral as the new vicar apostolic of Kota Kinabalu, with the added post of Titular Bishop of Cantabum Castra.
With the elevation of the Vicariate to Diocese on 31 May 1976 by Saint Paul VI, the prelate was officially installed as the first Bishop of Kota Kinabalu on 19 May 1977 under the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching.
He also initiated as well as supported the construction of churches and outstation chapels throughout the diocese, including the current Sacred Heart Cathedral (1981).
by then Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah, Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Mohamad Adnan Robert for the recognition of the contributions made by the prelate and the church to the development of the state as a whole.
Just two days after his 10th Episcopal Ordination Anniversary in November 1985, the prelate sadly died while receiving treatment for stomach cancer in Melbourne, Australia to the grief and shock of the many faithful the whole Sabah over.
He was flown back to Kota Kinabalu for the funeral mass attended by thousands, and his burial at the Mial 4.5 Catholic Cemetery in Penampang on 22 November 1985.
Due to the overall history and legacy of the prelate, it was decided that the tomb was relocated at the memorial plot in front of the Sacred Heart Cathedral Blessed Sacrament Chapel in 1987.
After his death, two schools have also been named in his honour, namely the SRS Datuk Simon Fung (primary school) and the Taska/Tadika Datuk Simon Fung (Kindergarden) which are located in the St Simon Educational Complex at Kingfisher, Likas, Kota Kinabalu.
While technically it is an overseas branch of the Netherlands Red Cross it is registered as an independent entity under Sint Maarten law, auxiliary to the Government of Sint Maarten.
Its mission is to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it occurs, increasing the self-sufficiency of the communities of Sint Maarten, and ensuring that there is respect and willingness to help in the society.
Following the devastating impacts of category 5 Hurricane Irma on the 6 of September 2017, the Netherlands Red Cross has raised 19 million euros in the Netherlands for response and recovery.
They began organising relief efforts via Red Cross St Maarten, focusing on food and water distribution as well as the distribution of non-food items.
A team of approximately 70 people (volunteers and staff) has coordinated Red Cross efforts in the areas of WASH, Restoring Family Links, health, shelter, food, mapping of the most vulnerable areas and conducting assessments.
Apart from disaster recovery, the organisation works with training people in first aid, providing first aid at events, collecting and re-distributing second-hand clothes through clothes drives, and fundraising for local and regional emergencies.
There is also a building in Belvedere district called the Red Cross Senior Citizens Home, however it is not managed by Red Cross Sint Maarten.
The main office of Red Cross St Maarten is located on Airport Road along the runway of Princess Juliana International Airport.
In June 2019 the organisation opened a service point in Philipsburg to provide information on ongoing and upcoming Red Cross projects.
A Dutch marine was quoted complaining that the military had to distribute their own rations and water because the Red Cross was not providing supplies.
According to his account, the marines' primary objective of keeping order on the island was hindered by having to do aid work at the same time.
The Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics (BCTP) is a research center for theoretical particle physics, cosmology, string theory and quantum gravity at the University of California at Berkeley.
Though the BCTP itself was founded at the turn of the 21st century, Berkeley has a rich history in the field of theoretical particle physics, with prominent former physicists including Manhattan project director Robert Oppenheimer; Nobel Laureates Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow, and David Gross; Sakurai Prize winners Mary Gaillard, Leonard Susskind, and Lisa Randall; as well as Breakthrough prizewinners John Schwarz, Joseph Polchinski, and Nima Arkani-Hamed.
Responsorial psalmody primarily refers to the placement and use of the Psalm within the readings at a Christian service of the Eucharist.
The New Catholic Encyclopedia points out that not only the psalm but also the gradual and alleluia were also originally 'responsorial' chants.
An antiphon or verse was sung by all followed by extended verses of the psalm for the day with an intervening antiphon every so often.
Originally the deacon was the singer of this psalm and versicle; over time the role moved to the subdeacon then to the choir.
The singer did not go all the way to the top of the platform but rather stood on a lower step.
More usually, the term refers to an antiphonal manner of reciting the psalm, with a choir or cantor and to which the congregation interject a periodic 'response'.
It can be sung only at the beginning and end of the psalm, allowing a focus for the uninterrupted palm text.
Or it can be sung repetitively through the psalm, after every few verses or where the natural breaks in the psalm text occur.
Eucharistic liturgies consider it normative that the responsorial psalm be sung for three reasons: the genre of the psalms as lyrical compositions; the psalm is a response to the spoken word structure does not customarily respond to speech with more speech; this is the only time in the liturgy when a psalm is used for its own sake and not to accompany a ritual action.
The psalm is often sung at the ambo or lectern, because it is, at heart, one or the readings of the Word of God.
The 2019 Klasika Primavera was the 65th edition of the Klasika Primavera, a one-day road cycling race, held on 14 April 2019.
The 2020 Visit Tucson Sun Cup will be the tenth edition of the preseason exhibition soccer tournament among Major League Soccer (MLS) and United Soccer League (USL) teams.
The 1894 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 1894, to elect members to the Senate of the 29th and 30th Minnesota Legislatures.
The Minnesota Republican Party won a large majority of seats, followed by the new People's Party and the Minnesota Democratic Party.
Eugenio Peschard Delgado, prior to joining the faculty of the National University in 1940, was an architect in the Ministry of Communications and Public Works and a member of the Council of Architecture of the Federal District.
Born in Mexico sometime between 1877 and 1937, Peschard was the son of José Guadalupe Peschard and Concepción Delgado de Peschard.
Peschard traveled to the United States on a trip that was featured in the U.S. Department of State's official Bulletin in 1948, during a period of increased outreach by the U.S. government to foster ties with Mexican officials.
Alonso Mariscal, another professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, traveled with Peschard to Washington D.C. to begin a two month’s study of American methods of teaching architecture.
Messrs. Marsical and Peschard visited the schools of architecture of Harvard and Columbia University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Illinois Institute of Technology, and the Chicago Art Institute.
The most notable buildings are the Rectoría designed by Salvador Ortega, Mario Pani and Enrique del Moral, the Library, by Juan O’Gorman, Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martínez de Velasco, and the Science Building by Peschard, Raúl Cacho, and Félix Sánchez.
Graeme Alexander Lockhart Whitelaw (1863 - 23 July 1928) was a British Conservative Party politician from Scotland who represented North West Lanarkshire in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1895.
The men's hammer throw event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 25 August 1989.
In 2019 she finished in 4th place in both the women's shot put F32 and women's club throw F32 events at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
It is located at Keith Hunt Park in Labrador and is home to the Gold Coast Hockey Association and the Labrador Hockey Club.
Thomas Owen (1840-1898) was a British Liberal politician who represented Launceston, Cornwall in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1898.
He studied medicine for two years at the University of Tours in France, and graduated from the University of Warsaw in 1939.
After the outbreak of World War II and the German invasion of Poland, Prywes was drafted into the Polish army as a physician-officer in 1939.
He was taken captive by the Russians and sent to a labor camp in Siberia where he was kept from 1940 to 1945.
He emigrated to France and from 1947-51 was director of the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) Jewish Health Organization in Paris.
In 1951 Prywes immigrated to Israel, joined the Hebrew University faculty in Jerusalem, and was one of the founders of the medical school, where he served as a Dean of secondary education and Head of the Department of Medical Education.
In 1973 he established a medical school, the Center of Health Services of the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, where medical studies were combined with the treatment of community clinics at all stages of the study.
At the beginning of the Seventies, at the American Center (Paris), she became an instant sensation when creating from scratch an unprecedented class of African dance expression where, barefoot, she was supported by some of the world best drummers coming from various horizons.
Born among nine siblings and growing up in a two bedrooms flat rooted in a no man’s land on the outskirt of Paris (the Gennevilliers suburb), straight away her life started under a sign of chaos and movement.
As a 3 year old, she began classical dancing classes, which she later viewed as an act of faith but also an act of permanent fight.
Despite her young age, the dancing industry wanted her to be upgraded to enter l’École des Professeurs de Danse d’Irène Popard two years earlier.
But she chose to keep on studying at college and later on registered at l’École Supérieure d’Études Chorégraphiques (in Paris) where she studied modern dance, rhythmic dance and jazz dance.
After that she went to university to do a course in psycho-motricity at Paris V-René Descartes while working with handicapped children of Gennevilliers.
In May 1968, as a 20 years old, when the factory workers locked themselves in their factories of the ceinture rouge, escorted by her group of delinquents, she managed to get the doors unlocked so she could perform a live dance show.
Born again in dancing she now was able to not only express her emotions but also to exorcise her personal demons.
Talking about it, the dancing experts say that her class looked very much like African dance but Jeanine Claes did not know it as she never set foot in Africa.
Ré-mastered in 1996 for the French TV show Ça se discute, this jingle showed Guem to the mainstream public except that the drummer forgot to mention that this song was first written with and for Jeanine Claes’s dancing.
Escaping the dictates of the President Sékou Touré en Guinée-Conakry, les Grands ballets d’Afrique Noire lived nearly on the streets in the quartier latin, in Paris.
When its members discovered Jeanine Claes, they could not believe it - she danced like the girls of their own villages.
Freedom of spirit and freedom of expression, she managed to have them working at the American Center, using all the musicians in her troupe and taking as assistant the poet Tidjani Cissé, who later became, in 2010, the Arts Minister in Guinée- Conakry.
Summer 1978, after breaking up with Guem, in July she took two weeks off in the South of Spain but a terrible car accident cut it short.
Repatriated in emergency by plane at l’hôpital Cochin, in Paris, the surgeon’s diagnosis was brutal : dislocation fracture C4 - C5 (between the 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae).
But instead of performing a normal ‘welding’ procedure, the surgeon decided to set up a dispositif in titanium, hoping that she could walk again one day.
She stayed lying down in her hospital bed, her neck in a cast, for about three months before returning to her flat in a wheelchair.
A few weeks later she ‘sacked’ her physiotherapist team arguing that she could rehabilitate herself through basic dancing exercises which in the past helped her to naturally sculpt her body.
One day, in front of her students and drummers, she removed the neck brace and threw it violently on the dance floor.
She was back, back to her best ; surprised with her amazing recovery, the surgeon came to her class with a video team to film.
First to the Casamance region, following the advice of her Africains musicians because on stage, the sight of ex-partner Guem unsettled her.
The experts could only agree that, with Carolyn Carlson, she was the only dancer where it was possible to see a special difference, an aura, an illuminated light.
Close to make a fortune with Aerobics, developed in 1968 by the Dr Kenneth H.Cooper, the American actress and businesswoman offered a golden bridge to Jeanine to cross the Atlantic to live in California where her dancing method could be then commercialized.
But, as with Mick Jagger, Jeanine declined Fonda, with the resounding rejection where she deplored that in Aerobics classes the participants are disconnected with their spiritual life - they are like little machines, robots with muscles but no feeling.
She ended up in Sydney, at the Bondi Pavilion, where facing the Pacific Ocean she taught until 2001 before eventually passing away in Tasmania.
Jeanine Claes had the reputation to break down the steps for her students, and her priority was always to allow any of them, whatever its age or level, to start dancing straight away.
At the American Center, some students registered under their general practician’s recommendations as the French medical Authorities were convinced about the benefits of Jeanine Claes’s Rhythm and Dance for the equilibrium of their patients.
In her African Dance expression classes, it was all about the rotation of the pelvis but to manage it the students needed first to free their head.
If a reconciliation between their body and their mind can then take place, they will also free themselves sexually in the process.
Placed under the sign of improvisation it’s very rare that the next show looks like the previous despite being named the same, being connected each time with the stage space, the number of drummers, the dialogue existing then between dancers and musicians.
The album was recorded in few days at the Studio 142, Rue Réaumur (Paris IIe), with two drummers, the backbone of her classes at the American Centre : the Senegalese Aziz N’Diaye et the French-west Indies born Philippe Lincy who later started his own group Doudoumba.
She left a well-paid commercial job in 1912 to become secretary to the American delegation of the Gaelic League in New York.
She returned to Ireland briefly in 1915 to attend the Gaelic League oireachtas and ard fheis, voting in favour of the politicisation of the organisation.
After the Easter 1916 Rising, she became a member of Cumann na mBan in the US, raising money for the widows and children of those killed or wounded during the Rising.
She worked closely with him during this tour, travelling with him, assisting with speeches and dealing with his private and public correspondence.
From February 1921 she lived at his secret headquarters at Strand Road, living in dangerous condition until a truce was called in the Irish War of Independence.
O'Connell was a member of the delegation that met Lloyd George in July 1921, and shared de Valera's opposition to the treaty.
She joined de Valera and her sister Teresa in Suffolk Street in June 1922 when the Irish Civil War broke out.
She was a loyal follower of de Valera throughout the civil war, and was present at his arrest in Ennis in August 1923.
She acted as his messenger and agent during his imprisonment, working with him on an Irish translation of shorthand which they later abandoned.
There were rumours regarding the nature of their relationship, leading to de Valera vehemently denying any impropriety in Dáil Éireann in 1928.
The letter between O'Connell and de Valera's wife, Sinéad, are cited as evidence there was no intimate relationship between O'Connell and de Valera.
She resigned from her permanent civil service position of personal secretary to the Taoiseach when de Valera was defeated in 1948, returning in 1951 when he regained power.
During the writing of their biography of de Valera, Lord Longford and Thomas P. O'Neill used her papers, which are held in the University College Dublin archives, extensively.
It publishes articles on natural science with a focus on Earth science or biology regarding Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and Antarctica.
In the 2014 Brazilian general election Motta was elected to the Chamber of Deputies at the age of 28 with more than 176,000 votes.
In doing so he followed in the footsteps of his father, who had also elected federal deputy of Rio Grande do Norte.
In February 2016 Motta was elected president of the PSB for the state of Rio Grande do Norte by his party.
Motta voted in favor to the impeachment of then-president Dilma Rousseff, and was one of the strongest supporters of impeachment in the PSB party.
He in favor of the tax reforms on petrol but voted in against the 2017 Brazilian labor reform, and would vote in favor of a corruption investigation into Rousseff's successor Michel Temer.
The area covered by this geographical indication comprises the municipalities of Abanilla, Bullas, Cartagena, Cehegín, Fortuna, Fuente Álamo, Jumilla, La Unión, Mula, Pliego, Ricote, Torre Pacheco, and Yecla in Murcia.
The 2020 Allsvenskan, part of the 2020 Swedish football season, will be the 96th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924.
A total of sixteen teams are contesting the league, including fourteen sides from the previous season, and two promoted teams from the 2019 Superettan.
GIF Sundsvall and AFC Eskilstuna were relegated at the end of the 2019 season after finishing at the bottom two places of the table, and were replaced by the 2019 Superettan champions Mjällby AIF and runners-up Varbergs BoIS.
James Keating (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Championship club Kildorrery and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
Liggett Lake Dam is a dam located in Allen Township, Union County, Ohio, United States, about north of North Lewisburg], at .
It was built privately by L. Liggett in 1968 on a small tributary to the Big Darby Creek, and the reservoir created is called Liggett Lake.
The station signed on the air on December 15, 1987 as W62BH to become the third (fourth all-time) locally-based television outlet to serve the Hopkinsville area.
Hopkinsville was also home to two other now-defunct low-powered stations, including America One affiliate W43AG (later WKAG-CA) and Kentucky Educational Television-owned W57AJ (later W64AV), a translator of Madisonville-based WKMA-TV.
In 2002, the station's analog signal was reallocated to UHF channel 22, and changing the call letters to W22CH in the process.
The license for W22CH was surrendered to the FCC in early or mid-2011 as per the rule that low-power stations that have been off the air for more than a calendar year would have their license canceled.
Hendersonville, Tennessee-licensed full-power TBN O&O WPGD-TV also has presence in the area as that station's digital signal barely reaches the Hopkinsville area.
With the 2011 shutdown of WKAG-CA, WCKV-LD in nearby Clarksville, Tennessee is the only locally-based commercial television station in the area, with most of the Nashville area's full-powered stations, including WPGD, available over-the-air and on cable and satellite providers as Hopkinsville is part of the Nashville DMA.
John Lawrence Gane (1837-1895) was a British Liberal Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Leeds East from 1886 to 1895.
He was the son of William Thornton of Yorkshire, Member of Parliament for , 1747–54 and 1758–61; his mother Mary was the daughter of John Myster of Epsom.
Thornton visited France before the French Revolution, and, with his supposed wife Alicia Thornton, revisited it in 1802, during the Peace of Amiens.
He intended the purchase of a French estate; but difficulties of naturalisation and the renewal of the Napoleonic Wars frustrated the project.
In 1805 Thornton disposed of Thornville Royal to Charles Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton, and apparently resided in London for a time.
In September 1814, with a party of sportsmen and a pack of hounds, Thornton landed in France, and at Rouen attracted a crowd of spectators.
He returned to London in March 1815 at the period of the Hundred Days, but after the battle of Waterloo he went back, hired the Château de Chambord, and purchased an estate at Pont-sur-Seine: he styled himself Prince de Chambord and Marquis de Pont.
She was the jockey, riding side-saddle, in two challenges of 1804–5, on which Thornton placed large bets, and which made him notorious.
For the following year's York meeting Alicia rode against Frank Buckle, and won; but Thornton was horsewhipped by Flint, after refusing to honour the bet of 1000 guineas he had made on the 1804 race.
Thornton married at Lambeth, in 1806, Eliza Cawston of Mundon, Essex, by whom he had a son, William Thomas, born in London in 1807.
By a will executed in London in 1818 he bequeathed almost all his property to Thornvillia Diana Thornton, his illegitimate daughter, then aged 17, by Priscilla Duins.
The will was disputed by his widow on behalf of her son, and both the prerogative court and French tribunals pronounced against its validity.
Fritz Kühn (29 April 1910 - 31 July 1967) was an East German visual artist whose output included sculpture, metal-artwork and photography.
(1883 - 1944), his father, was a metal worker and blacksmith who in 1925 founded and then over the years built up the specialist metals manufacturing firm known, initially, as .
In 1927, while still working through his apprenticeship, and two years after his parents had set up a business together in Berlin-Weissensee, Fritz Kühn met Karl Schmidt who became something of a mentor, encouraging him in his wish to go into business independently.
In 1937 Kühn passed his , qualifying as a and opened his own studio on a converted estate in Berlin-Bohnsdorf (at that time part of Berlin-Altglienicke in the south-east of the city).
1937 was also the year in which he married Gertrud Moldenhauer (1911-1957), a clerical worker who subsequently played an important role organising the publication of his books and managing other business related aspects of his career.
War ended in May 1945: over time Kühn was able to reconstruct, and later to extend, his studio-workshop, helped by journeyman labourers who had helped him before the war who were slowly returning from the front line or the prison camps.
Once his space was again usable, he focused on contributing to recreating some of Berlin's important buildings, providing new railings for the extensive rebuilding of Berlin's eighteenth century Arsenal building.
The slaughter of war had left Germany desperately short of skilled workers which, in the case of the Soviet zone, was exacerbated by massive emigration to the American, British and French zones.
In his rebuilt and enlarged studio-workshop Kühn contributed to the search for a solution by employing and training significant numbers of apprentices.
There is no record that he ever joined the party, but there can be little doubt that he was nevertheless in good standing with the East German political establishment.
It was also in 1954 that Kühn was a recipient of the National Prize (3rd class) in recognition of his creative artistic contribution to the post-war architecture of Berlin and other cities.
Even after the sudden appearance of the Berlin Wall in 1961, Kühn was seen as a member of the artistic establishment, winning commissions from state authorities and respected for his inventive artistry in his unusual artistic niche, on both sides of the so-called iron curtain, despite the increasing semblance of permanence in the physical and political divisions between East and West Germany.
His iron-based artworks featured, not just in the German Democratic Republic but also in places such as Hannover, Dortmund, Saarbrücken and Düsseldorf.
Further afield, he also contributed to the war memorial at Coventry and the vast Futa Pass Cemetery in the Apennines between Bologna and Florence.
It was also in 1958 that back in Berlin he succeeded in obtaining the necessary agreements to buy his studio-workshop and the adjacent former paddock.
Despite the church-state tensions that were a feature of life in the German Democratic Republic, Fritz Kühn was a leading producer of church art.
One of his Christian pieces was a three meter tall dome-cross for the rebuilding of St. Hedwig's Cathedral, along with a transparent parapet of bronze and crystal glass around the central floor opening of the interior.
One of the most remarkable, given the enduring cold war spirit of the times, was a retrospective exhibition staged in his honour in 1969 at the Louvre Palace in Paris.
Following reunification the new government confirmed the designation of Kühn's work as a national cultural asset, but as far as the museum project was concerned, with Berlin city politics now dominated by parties from the west, everything changed.
During the East German years Fritz Kühn was an officially eulogised celebrity, and there was no obvious sense of urgency in creating a museum celebrating his life and work.
Since 1989 and reunification, official positions have become more ambivalent, and the museum project remains unrealised: as the family's enthusiasm for it has resonated more strongly, the project has been increasingly hampered by lack of funds and opposition from local government.
In January 2020, a British woman received a suspended sentence after being convicted in a Cyprus court for falsely claiming that she had been raped by twelve Israeli men in 2019.
In mid July 2019, a 19-year-old female British tourist alleged that she had been gang raped by 12 Israeli teenagers while holidaying at the Ayia Napa tourist resort in Cyprus.
Following an investigation by Cyprus Police, in late July, the British teenager retracted her statement and the Israeli teenagers were released without charge.
During the 2019 summer break, the 19-year old British teenager had travelled to Pambos Napa Rocks resort in the Cypriot resort town of Ayia Napa on a working holiday organised by the British tourism company Summer Takeaways.
In 17 July 2019, the British teenager filed a report with the Cyprus Police in Ayia Napa claiming that she had been raped by several Israeli youths in her hotel room.
On 25 July, five of the youths were released due to a lack of DNA evidence connecting them to the alleged incident.
On 27 July, the British teenager visited a police station to give a statement but was instead accused of lying about allegations.
The report I did on the 17th of July 2019 that I was raped at ayia napa was not the truth.
The reason I made the statement with the fake report is because I did not know they were recording & humiliating me that night I discovered them recording me doing sexual intercourse and I felt embarrassed as I want to appologise, and say I made a mistake.
Cypriot Police claimed that the woman had got angry when her alleged attackers had filmed her having consensual sex with some of the alleged attackers and alleged she had been raped.
Nir Yaslovitch, a lawyer representing several of the Israeli youths, said that his clients would seek legal damages against her for false rape allegations.
On 6 August 2019, the defendant repudiated her retraction statement, claiming that she had been coerced into producing it by the Cypriot Police.
The trial judge Tonia Antoniou adjourned the case until 19 August to give the woman time to find a new lawyer.
The defendant was supported by the legal aid group Justice Abroad, which supported her claims that she had been coerced into producing a retraction statement.
On 27 August, the defendant pleaded not guilty to falsely claiming she was gang-raped and was bailed by a court on condition that she visited a police station in Nicosia three times a week before her trial.
The defendant had reportedly spent a month at the Central Jail of Nicosia, where she had reportedly shared a cramped cell with nine women.
Michael Polak, the Director of Justice International and a member of the defence team, claimed that the defendant's interrogation violated the Constitution of Cyprus and European Union human rights legislation.
While the defence maintained that the woman had been raped and had been coerced into issuing a retraction, the prosecution insisted that the police had acted properly throughout the investigation.
Judge Michalis Papathanasiou adjourned the defendant's trial by two weeks to allow the defence to produce new evidence including text messages and images circulated by the alleged attackers to support their contention that she had been raped.
On 28 November, the trial judge Michalis Papathansidi rejected the defence's claim of a forced confession and defended the police investigators who had conducted investigation.
The judge also dismissed the defence witnesses as unreliable and rejected the testimony of expert witnesses from the UK, including a forensic linguistic expert's testimony that the woman's confession was unlikely to have been written by a native English speaker.
The trial proceeded with the testimony of police officers who had spoken to her on the night she had reported the alleged sexual assaults.
On 3 December 2019, the court heard the defendant's testimony, who maintained that she had been gang-raped by the Israeli youths and that she had been coerced by police into dropping the rape allegations.
On 12 December, the defendant was told that she would have to remain in Cyprus over Christmas, with the final judgment expected on 30 December.
On 30 December, the court found the defendant guilty of causing public mischief with her sentencing date set for 7 January 2019.
On 4 January 2020, the Famagusta District Court released their 70-page verdict defending their guilty verdict in response to criticism of the court's handling of the case from both Cyprus and abroad.
On 7 January, Judge Papathanasiou sentenced the young woman to a four month suspended sentence, with the defendant being allowed to leave Cyprus.
In response, the defence announced that they would be appealing the conviction at the Supreme Court of Cyprus, a process expected to take several years.
Following their release in late July, several of the Israeli teenagers were greeted by their cheering families at Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv.
On 9 August 2019, the British teenager's parents established a GoFundMe campaign to raise ₤15,000 (US$18,000) to cover their daughter's legal fees following the resignation of her first lawyer Andreas Pittadjis.
Aryeh Fraser, an Israeli man living in Miami, had donated £7,500 (US$9,000) to the GoFundMe campaign, describing it as a humanitarian donation.
In October 2019, Michael Polak, the director of the legal aid organisation Justice Abroad and a member of the defence team, criticised the Cypriot Police's handling of the investigation into the rape allegations including allegedly coercing a retraction from the defendant without a lawyer present and not making any audio or video recordings of the defendant's interrogation.
He also criticised the Cypriot Police for failing to download data from the alleged Israeli attackers' 11 mobile phones; the Police had downloaded videos from five of the Israeli youths' phones but had neglected to collect text messages and social media data.
On 14 October, several human rights and feminist groups urged the Cypriot attorney general Costas Clerides to dismiss the case against the British teenager.
Susana Pavlou, the Director of the Mediterranean Institute for Gender Studies, criticized the brutal ordeal experienced by the British teenager and her family.
Several Cypriot and Israeli feminists and women's rights activists also picketed the sentencing of the defendant on 7 January 2020, criticizing Judge Papathanasiou for victim blaming and siding with the alleged rapists.
The British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab also stated that the UK Government was examining guidelines for British tourists to Cyprus in light of the rape allegation case.
In early January 2020, there were media reports that the President of Cyprus Nicos Anastasiades was considering pardoning the British teenager prior to her sentencing on 7 January.
On 1 January, the British teenager's mother expressed support for a boycott campaign against Cyprus, stating that the country was unsafe for tourists and condemning her daughter's guilty verdict as a miscarriage if justice.
In addition, solidarity protests with the teenager were also planned in Nicosia and Tel Aviv to time with the teenager's sentencing.
On 3 January 2020, Summer Takeaways, the tour company behind the working holiday in which the British defendant had been allegedly gang raped, announced that the company would no longer provide services to Ayia Napa.
The company removed all references to Ayia Napa on its website and offered refunds to customers who had booked for the upcoming 2020 summer tour to the destination.
It was originally established as Couch Well, and in 1891 was one of the towns vying to become the county seat in the county's first election.
Secretary of Defense-Empowered Cross-Functional Teams (SECDEF CFTs) are specialized organizations within the Department of Defense, authorized by Section 911 of the 2017 National Defense Authorization Act.
The SECDEF CFTs are designed to help the Department improve mission effectiveness and efficiencies, improve business operations, and help the DoD address its most-pressing readiness and modernization activities.
As such, it was determined that CFTs could fill a key role in addressing and resolving critical objectives and other organizational outputs that span multiple functional boundaries.
The PVT was disestablished in January 2019, with its duties transferred to the newly created Personnel Vetting Office in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence.
The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General John E. Hyten is the Senior Designated Official (SDO) for the EMSO CFT.
The Deputy Director of the EMSO CFT is Maj Gen Lance Landrum, who also serves as the Deputy Director for Requirements and Capability Development (J8) on the Joint Staff.
Under the Section 918 of the 2019 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress required the Secretary of Defense to issue criteria that differentiates the CFTs created in accordance with the FY17 NDAA section 911 from other types of working groups, committees, integrated product teams, and task forces of the DoD.
John Stewart Wallace (1840-1910) was a British Liberal Party politician who represented Limehouse in the East End of London in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1895.
Chiara della Pietà (1718 - 1791), was an Italian violinist, soloist and teacher based in the Venetian orphanage Ospedale della Pietà.
She documented the various compositions which were written for her, some of which were written by Antonio Vivaldi, in a book known as her diary.
Anderson Nascimento of Galeria Musical gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, praising its rap-inflected sonority but criticizing its length.
Acaena microphylla (common names - bidibid or piripiri, and outside New Zealand, New Zealand-burr) is a small herbaceous, prostrate perennial, in the Rosaceae family native to both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Baddari Kamel, was born in 1960 in Biskra, an Algerian city located in east-central of Algeria at the gates of the Sahara.
He is the President-representative of the Algerian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, of the national steering and monitoring committee for the implementation of the pedagogical accompaniment program for the benefit of the teacher-researcher in Algeria.
He has been a university professor since 1998, he was considered the youngest professor in Algeria in 1998 and the youngest holder of «State Doctorate » in 1987.
From 1997 to 2001, he was chosen and designated associate professor at University of Oklahoma (USA), Responsible for the supervision and training in mathematical model simulation of engineers in field development of «SONTRACH» company at the «Algerian Petroleum Institute» (Boumerdes-Algeria).
As a holder of «State Science Doctorate» in physics and mathematics with a State engineering in geophysics, he developed over the period of more than thirty years, not only disciplinary and transversal skills but also the respect for rules of ethics and scientific evaluation.
He developed a complex parameter, combining several physical fields recorded during the rupture of large blocks of rock, precursor of the different stages of deformation of these solid bodies under high pressure and temperatures conditions.
He has been graduated from the National Institute of Hydrocarbons and Chemistry (INH) in Boumerdes-Algeria (first of the student promotion of 1983), when he obtained «State Engineer» Degree in Geophysics.
From 1983 to 1987, he prepared a Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D) in physics and mathematics at the Russian geological prospecting university and the Institute of Physics of the Earth- Academy of Sciences of USSR in Moscow.
In 1988, he obtained the equivalent degree of the Algerian State Doctorate (Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research) — Algeria.
He is the author of a work on the development of an educational program on giftedness, which was requested by the Arab parliament (Cairo) education and training in higher education.
3) The future of the earth: His initial training as a geophysicist fuels his interest in the biological and geological future of the earth, especially in the face of alarming speculations.
The first two matches will be under the auspices of the Union, to enable the committee to select the best team against Galashiels on 8 October.
The annual match Ancients v. Moderns on the 24th Inst., probably at Holburn Grounds, is already being looked forward to among the followers of the game, and judgement as to the result of the contest is in favour of the Ancients.
8 October; City v. Varsity, 19 November ; Midlands v. Northern Counties, 26 November; Glasgow v. Edinburgh, 3 December ; North v. Edinburgh, 10 December ; South of Scotland v. Glasgow, 10 December; Anglo-Scots v. Scotland.
25 December; Northern Counties v. Perthshire, 2 January ; North v. South of Scotland, 14 January ; Scotland v. Wales, 4 February; Scotland v. Ireland, 18 February; City v Varsity, 25 February; Merchistonians v. Northern Counties, 4 March; Scotland v. England, 4 March.
A North of Scotland District versus South of Scotland District match was scheduled for 14 January 1893 but called off due to the weather.
Samuel Chigozie Ononiwu (born 10 February 1997) is a Nigerian football centre forward playing for Bolton City Youth Club in the Mauritian League.
First he played for La Cure Sylvester SC in the Mauritian League two seasons, before moving 2018 to play for Bolton City Youth Club.
Aaron Joshua Nesmith (born October 16, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Nesmith attended Porter-Gaud School in Charleston, South Carolina since fifth grade and was first called up to the varsity basketball team as an eighth-grader.
As a sophomore, he won the South Carolina Independent School Association (SCISA) Class 3A state title as his team's leading scorer.
As a senior, he averaged 21 points, 4.5 rebounds, and 1.8 assists per game and was named South Carolina Gatorade Player of the Year for his success in basketball and academics.
Nesmith did not receive offers from any high major NCAA Division I programs until he was a senior, but he began drawing more attention after an Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) tournament in Charlotte, North Carolina.
He was rated a four-star recruit by ESPN and 247Sports and committed to Vanderbilt over offers from South Carolina and Florida.
In his freshman season for Vanderbilt, Nesmith assumed an important role after Darius Garland suffered a season-ending injury and Simisola Shittu underachieved.
He started in a majority of his games and averaged 11 points and 5.5 rebounds per game, leading the Commodores in scoring in conference play.
He scored a season-high 26 points against Florida and posted a double-double of 24 points and a season-high 14 rebounds against Auburn.
Nesmith made his sophomore season debut on November 6, 2019, scoring 25 points, including seven three-pointers, in a win over Southeast Missouri State.
On December 21, he matched his career-high of 34 points and connected on seven three-pointers in a victory over UNC Wilmington.
Nesmith scored 29 points and made eight three-pointers, the best mark of his career, on January 4, 2020, as his team lost to SMU in overtime.
On January 11, 2020, it was announced that Nesmith would miss the remainder of the season with a right foot injury that he suffered in a loss to Auburn.
Nesmith was the fifth-leading scorer in the NCAA Division I and averaged the most points by a Vanderbilt player since Tom Hagan in the 1968–1969 season.
Kline was jailed in January 2020 after failing to comply with document production related to a Unite the Right lawsuit filed on behalf of Virginia residents by Integrity First for America.
The precise mission Sharp Sword has assigned is not yet known, but possible missions include aerial reconnaissance and eventually combat missions.
The Keene Memorial Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run for twenty years from 1913 through 1932 at Belmont Park, in Elmont, New York.
A Wall Street stockbroker, Keene was a major owner and breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses and would become one of the U.S.
The distance for the first two editions of the Keene Memorial Stakes were set at six furlongs over the main course.
The inaugural running of the Keene Memorial Stakes took place on July 5, 1913 and was won by the filly Stake and Cap.
The 1914 Keene Memorial was won by James Butler's filly Comely for whom the Comely Stakes at Aqueduct Racetrack would be named.
James R. Keene was the breeder of Comely and sold her in a package deal to James Butler who bought the entire 1912 crop produced by his Castleton Stud.
In 1930, that year's American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt Equipoise would have a career that saw him earn at total of six National Championship honors including twice as the American Horse of the Year and become a National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee.
By late fall of 1932 the Great Depression saw economic conditions worsening which forced the Westchester Racing Association, operators of Belmont Park, to eliminate five races.
The 2020 Penn State Nittany Lions football team will represent the Pennsylvania State University in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season as a member of the Big Ten Conference.
The Nittany Lions are a member of the Big Ten East Division, and will play all of the division's other six members.
Three out-of-conference opponents are scheduled: a road game at Virginia Tech, and home games versus Kent State and San Jose State.
Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (), also known as Sadr al-Shari'a al-Thani (), was a Hanafi-Maturidi scholar, fakih (jurist), mutakallim (theologian), mufassir (Qur'anic exegete), muhaddis (expert of the Hadith), nahawi (grammarian), laghawi (linguist), logician, and astronomer, known for both his theories of time and place and his commentary on Islamic jurisprudence, indicating the depth of his knowledge in various Islamic disciplines.
His al-Tanqih (), along with his own commentary upon it entitled al-Tawdih (), is a work of usul al-fiqh that merges between 'the way of the jurists' (i.e.
the Hanafis) and between 'the way of the scholastics', combining and reorganising the works of the Hanafi Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi and the Maliki Ibn al-Hajib into a new synthesis.
He authored a work (yet unpublished) known under the title Ta'dil al-'Ulum (), which became a milestone in the development of the Maturidi kalam in Khorasan and Ma Wara' al-Nahr (Transoxania).
His Ta'dil al-'Ulum was recommended by the sixteenth-century Ottoman scholar and judge Ahmed Taşköprüzade (d. 1561) to anyone desirous of reaching the highest degree of excellence in logic.
In that context, he undertook to correct the works of two of his predecessors, namely Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi.
Sadr took it upon himself to solve the problems they did not tackle, and to supply answers to the subtleties they did not address.
This work of Sadr is written in the traditional form of a commentary, where he gives his own text and then comments on the same.
As is usual in such commentaries, the text is separated from the comments by the classical notation: a sentence preceded by the Arabic mim (short for matn) refers to the text, whereas the latter shin (for sharh) introduces the comment to that specific text.
The outbreak of World War I is a chance for Bulgaria to fulfill its national ideal, wasted by the Treaty of Bucharest (1913).
This choice in this case is predetermined by two factors - Serbia's relentlessness to cede to Bulgaria at least Vardar Macedonia (in view of its difficult military situation) and the vague and uncertain promises and, above all, the guarantees of the Triple Entente to Bulgarian aspirations.
As a result of the successful Serbian campaign of World War I, the territory of the country is divided between Bulgaria and Austro-Hungary, but even this partition is extremely disadvantageous for Bulgaria, since Austro-Hungary has conquered historically and ethnically Bulgarian lands.
The ultimate demarcation of the border remains after the end of the war, although the Bulgarian itchy population also lives west of the Velika Morava River, including up to Lake Shkodra.
The goals of Austro-Hungary against Serbia and its population are purely conquering with preventive ones - an inability to form a strong South Slavic core that threatens the integrity of the empire.
Moreover, the aspiration of Austro-Hungary to absorb Albania, which in the Middle Ages was part of Bulgaria (Prince Kiril, Prince of Preslav is the candidate for King of Albania, see also Albania under the Bulgarian Empire), finally poisoned bilateral (allied) relations and ultimately led to that breakthrough the Entente and in particular France needed to win the First World War - the Armistice of Salonica.
Germany, on the other hand, has also been discredited in the eyes of the Bulgarian military by refusing to allow a Bulgarian offensive in Aegean Macedonia against the Allied Army of the Orient in Thessaloniki, hoping King Constantine I of Greece /married to Wilhelm II's sister/ to keep Greece neutral.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
She represented the country at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's shot put F33 event.
It was opened on 9 January 2010 on the section of the line between El Valle and La Rinconada, which was opened earlier without intermediate stations.
William Crosfield (1838 - 17 May 1909) was a British Liberal Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Lincoln, Lincolnshire in the 25th Parliament between 1892 and 1895.
It is found in the south eastern Indian Ocean off Western Australia from the Recherche Archipelago north to the Houtman Abrolhos islands.
The specific name honours Dr. Gerald R. Allen who collected the holotype and a number of paratypes, and the brought Barry Russell's attention to this taxon so that he could describe it.
After taking time off from Harper & Row, she was quickly hired by Macmillan to head their children's book publishing division.
Matīss Edmunds Kivlenieks (born 26 August 1996) is a Latvian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
They decided not to keep him, and he went to the Prizma U18 team, where he played as a third-in-line goaltender playing only 12 games, but had a 2.6 GAA.
With NHL ambitions, Kivlenieks opted to leave Latvia and continue his development in the North American junior leagues, initally joining the Edina Lakers in the Minnesota Junior Hockey League.
At the end of the season with the Coulee Region Chill, despite going undrafted, Kivlenieks signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets worth $2,497,500.
During the 2019–20 season, Kivlenieks was recalled on multiple occasions to the Blue Jackets before starting in his NHL debut, earning his first NHL win in a 2–1 victory against the New York Rangers on 19 January 2020.
The 26th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in April, 1942, based on the 1st formation of the 93rd Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.
It was soon assigned, with its Corps, to 20th Army of Western Front and saw extensive fighting, while also suffering extensive casualties, in two campaigns against the German 9th Army in the Rzhev salient through the rest of 1942.
The division, again with 8th Guards Corps, joined the 11th Guards Army when it was formed in April, 1943 and, apart from a brief reassignment in early 1944, remained under those commands for the duration of the war.
By December, after fighting through western Russia north of Smolensk it was in 1st Baltic Front, attacking south towards Gorodok and won the name of that city as a battle honor.
By the start of the offensive against Army Group Center in the summer of 1944 the 26th Guards had been redeployed with its Army to the south of Vitebsk as part of 3rd Belorussian Front, where it would remain for the duration.
Driving westward during Operation Bagration the division advanced north of Orsha and then helped to seize a crossing over the Berezina River for which it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
As part of the East Prussian Offensive the 26th Guards entered that heavily-fortified region in the winter of 1945 and helped gradually break the German resistance there, particularly at Insterburg and Königsberg, winning the Order of Suvorov for its part in the battle for the former place.
The 26th Guards remained in the Kaliningrad Oblast well after the war, becoming the 26th Guards Motorized Rifle Division in 1957 and not finally disbanded until 1989.
The division was officially raised to Guards status on April 20, 1942 in recognition of its leading role in driving in the south flank of German 4th Army during the counteroffensive in front of Moscow and the liberation of Maloyaroslavets and Yukhnov.
As the 93rd the division had the standard prewar howitzer regiment (the 128th) in addition to the light artillery regiment, but this had been removed earlier in the month to become a separate army-level support unit.
Col. Nikolai Nikolaevich Korzhenevskii remained in command of the division after redesignation; he would be promoted to the rank of major general on November 27.
In May it was withdrawn to the reserves of Western Front, providing the command cadre for the new 8th Guards Rifle Corps; as with all Guards rifle corps in this period it consisted of one Guards division with a number of rifle brigades, in this case the 129th, 140th, 150th and the 153rd.
This was intended primarily as a means to draw German reserves from their developing offensive in the south, but as it developed Zhukov's plan anticipated advances towards Rzhev, Sychyovka and Gzhatsk.
In its final form the operation was to include the 29th and 30th Armies of Kalinin Front to the north and the 31st and 20th Armies of Western Front to the south.
Kalinin Front began its offensive on July 30, but on the same day heavy rains began which flooded the countryside and turned the roads into quagmires which bogged down the 30th Army's advance while the 29th failed to penetrate the German front at all.
After waiting for the weather to abate Western Front attacked on August 4 following a powerful artillery preparation which destroyed or suppressed roughly 80 percent of the German forces' weapons.
8th Guards Corps, in the first echelon of 20th Army, breached the defenses south of Pogoreloe Gorodishche allowing the Army's mobile group, the 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps, to begin to exploit in the direction of Sychyovka.
31st Army was similarly successful to the north and by the end of August 6 the gap in the German front was up to 30km wide and Soviet troops had penetrated to a depth of 25km, closing on the Gzhat and Vazuza rivers.
20th Army intended to liberate Sychyovka on August 7 but by now the German High Command was reacting with alarm and the offensive began drawing German reserves.
8th Guards Corps ran into elements of the 1st Panzer Division as it continued to advance and on August 9 and 10 the roughly 800 tanks under Western Front met counterattacks by about 700 panzers; the Soviet armor lacked adequate signals equipment and command facilities which limited its effectiveness.
As an example the 11th Tank Brigade lost contact with its headquarters and wandered into the sector of 8th Guards Corps against orders.
On August 23 the Corps, in cooperation with elements of 5th Army, broke through the German grouping at Karmanovo and liberated that town.
Although this date is given as the official end of the offensive in Soviet histories, in fact 20th Army persisted in efforts to penetrate the German front and attack Gzhatsk from the west before going over to the defense on September 8.
In total during the period from August 4 to September 10 the 20th Army suffered a total of 60,453 personnel killed, wounded and missing-in-action.
In the buildup to the new Soviet offensive around the Rzhev salient in the autumn the 26th Guards, with its Corps, was alerted by Western Front Directive No.
At this time the 8th Guards Corps consisted of the 26th Guards plus the 148th and 150th Rifle Brigades, and was in the Army's second echelon along with a cavalry/mechanized group consisting of the 6th Tank Corps and the 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps.
In the first echelon the Army had five divisions, including the 247th and 331st on the front line along the Vazuza about 20km northeast of Sychyovka.
The German XXXIX Panzer Corps was holding the sector with the 14th Infantry Regiment of the 78th Infantry Division backed by the two panzergrenadier regiments of 5th Panzer Division.
In the operational plan the two rifle divisions were to make a headlong advance over the mostly-frozen river following a massive artillery preparation and punch through the forward German defenses.
8th Guards Corps was to follow the advancing first echelon by the end of the first day, mop up bypassed German resistance, expand the south flank of the penetration towards Sychyovka and follow and support the exploiting mobile group.
Despite failures along the rest of 20th Army's front, the 247th Division, supported by 80th Tank Brigade, reached the far side of the Vazuza early in the assault and by noon had seized two fortified villages.At the same time the 331st also forced the river and captured the village of Prudy but was abruptly halted by heavy German fire from the town of Khlepen to the south.
Although the 247th continued to advance in the afternoon to a depth of nearly 2km, and the 331st also expanded the bridgehead, there wasn't enough space to deploy the 8th Guards Corps effectively.
I. S. Konev, the Western Front commander, chose to commit the 6th Tank Corps early the next day, assuming an additional armored blow would complete the breakthrough of the German front.
Anticipating this breakthrough and realizing the need for infantry to consolidate the tanks' gains the 8th Guards Corps was ordered to advance over the river in tandem with and just to the south of the tank corps.
The problem with this revised plan was that there were just two fragile roads running from the rear to the Vazuza which were not adequate to move such a mass of men and vehicles.
By mid-afternoon the 148th and 150th Rifle Brigades were in action against hard-pressed elements of the 78th Infantry and 5th Panzer Divisions between Zherebtsovo and Khlepen while the XXXIX Corps anxiously awaited the arrival of the 9th Panzer Division.
On November 27 the two rifle brigades reinforced their positions but their repeated attacks on the two strongpoints they faced made little headway.
Late in the evening the division moved up and relieved the 3rd Guards and 20th Cavalry Divisions which had become exhausted in their struggle for the villages of Arestovo and Podosinovka.
By this point in the battle the 6th Tank Corps had broken through the German front and cut the road from Sychyovka to Rzhev, but was nearly isolated and in need of support, which would come from the 2nd Guards Cavalry.
Overnight the 26th Guards struck the position at Podosinovka with the goal of both providing passage for the cavalry and to carry on its own advance.
While this attack diverted enough German firepower to allow the cavalry to break through with some losses, the village remained in German hands and the division suffered heavy casualties.
By dawn on the 28th tanks of the 9th Panzer began to arrive but were forced over to the defense as the division renewed its attacks on Podosinovka backed by armor and cavalry.
During fierce and confused fighting XXXIX Corps reported at 1000 hours that the village had fallen, but this turned out to be false.
By the morning of November 29 the 8th Guards Corps had been reinforced with the 354th Rifle Division, which took up positions between the 148th and 150th Brigades.
The Corps, which now manned the entire south flank of the bridgehead, was ordered to attack from Zherebtsovo to Khlepen in another attempt to get the offensive moving, but lost many men in futile attacks.
At the end of the day 20th Army received orders to intensify its attacks against the same objectives the next day.
By this time the 8th Guards Corps was no longer combat effective; it had lost 6,068 men in just five days of fighting, most from the 26th Guards.
General Zhukov was still desperate to renew the offensive and on December 4 he sacked Maj. Gen. N. I. Kiriukhin, commander of 20th Army, replacing him with Lt. Gen. M. S. Khozin.
At about this time the 148th and 150th Brigades were pulled from the bridgehead for replenishment and the 415th Rifle Division took up positions near Podosinovka and the 26th Guards shifted to the Zherebtsovo sector.
By December 11 the two brigades returned while the division had been removed from the front lines, thus avoiding the last spasm of fighting before Zhukov finally acknowledged his forces were spent on December 15.
Altogether from November 25 until December 18 the 8th Guards Corps, not including the 354th Division, lost 2,311 men killed, 7,434 wounded and 360 missing-in-action, for a total of 10,105 casualties.
The 26th Guards remained in 8th Guards Corps and in 20th Army into February, 1943 when it was moved to the reserves of Western Front for much-needed rest and rebuilding.
In March it was assigned to the 49th Army and saw some service in the Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive as the German 9th Army was withdrawing from the Rzhev salient.
Prior to the Soviet summer offensive the 16th Army was re-designated as the 11th Guards Army and the division would serve under that command for the duration.
Before the German offensive at Kursk had ended the Bryansk and Western Fronts began an offensive against the northeastern flank of the German-held salient around Oryol on July 12.
Ideally the right flank of Army Group Center would be destabilized and in retreat after evacuating the Oryol salient, but in the event it consolidated along the Hagen line at its base.
On July 30 the 11th Guards Army was transferred to Bryansk Front and advanced towards the Front's namesake city through August and September.
When the Front was disbanded on October 10 the Army accompanied its headquarters northwest to the area east of Velikiye Luki.
The headquarters was used to establish Baltic Front (2nd Baltic Front as of October 20) and the Army remained under its command.
Given the complex situation in the Nevel region, where the 3rd and 4th Shock Armies had carved out a large salient behind the lines of German 16th Army (Army Group North) and 3rd Panzer Army (Army Group Center), Col. Gen. Bagramyan, who now commanded the Front, planned an attack along the Gorodok - Vitebsk axis with 11th Guards Army.
Five divisions were concentrated on an 8km-wide sector with 8th Guards Corps (5th, 26th, 83rd Guards and 29th Rifle Divisions) in second echelon.
8th Guards Corps attacked the northern tip of the German-held Ezerishche salient north of Vitebsk, on both sides of Lake Ezerishche, with the 26th Guards in second echelon.
The initial objective was to cut off the northwestern portion of the salient in cooperation with 4th Shock Army and destroy the German grouping southwest of the lake.
After an overnight regrouping the 83rd Guards Division broke through on this sector on the following morning with the help of the 159th Tank Brigade and another artillery preparation.
Early on December 15, despite counterattacks by the 20th Panzer Division, forward elements of the two Soviet armies had linked up, completely encircling the 87th Infantry Division and part of the 129th.
With this completed the 8th Guards Corps took part in reducing the German pocket in two days of heavy fighting; according to Soviet sources 20,000 German troops became casualties while German sources admit to just over 2,000.
General Bagramyan stated in his memoirs:Gorodok was cleared later that day, and the division was one of the four noted above that were awarded its name as an honorific:In his memoirs Galitskiy states that the slowness of the offensive was largely due to deteriorating strength of his forces.
This was based on a fortified line which was part of the external defense belt around Vitebsk, 25km from the center of the city and Galitskiy's forces spent several days assessing it; it became clear that the goal of liberating the city by December 30-31 in conjunction with 4th Shock was unrealistic.
From December 25-31 the Army gradually wedged its way into the German positions, with the 26th, 11th and 31st Guards Divisions making the greatest progress, but even this amounted to just 5-7km of ground gained.
The fighting continued into early January, 1944 but was beginning to tail off by January 5 as both sides exhausted themselves.
A last gasp effort began the next day when the 26th and 83rd Guards made a supporting attack in the sector north of Mashkina.
On January 9, while this fighting was continuing, General Korzhenevskii was killed when a German shell scored a direct hit on his divisional command post.
He was replaced the next day by Col. Grigorii Ivanovich Chernov, who was promoted to the rank of major general a week later.
General Galitskiy formed his shock group from the 8th and 36th Guards Corps backed by the 1st Tank Corps and facing the 87th Infantry Division plus battlegroups from 20th Panzer and the 201st Security Divisions from Mashkina southward past Lake Zaronovskoe to Gorbachi.
After an extensive artillery preparation the shock group quickly overcame the forward defenses of the 87th Infantry and in two days of fighting advanced up to 3.5km.
The 16th and 84th Guards Divisions reached the western outskirts of Kisliaki and captured the German strongpoint at Gorodishche on the north shore of Lake Zaronovskoe.
The German LIII Army Corps withdrew the battered 87th Infantry and replaced it with the far stronger Group Breidenbach from 20th Panzer.
By the end of February 3 the shock group had made enough progress that General Bagramyan released the 26th Guards from the Corps' second echelon, while 1st Tank Corps went into action the next morning.
The tanks attacked along the Kozly and Mikhali axis at dawn and in two days of heavy fighting with the help of their supporting riflemen managed to advance another 4km, taking Kozly and Novoselki before being halted by 20th Panzer.
By the end of February 5, although LIII Corps had lost considerable territory north of the Vitebsk-Sirotino road its defenses were firming up.
After a brief regrouping the attack began again on February 7 but 36th Corps made no notable progress before the offensive was halted on February 16.
By now 1st Tank Corps had fewer than 10 tanks serviceable, the rifle divisions of 11th Guards Army numbered fewer than 3,000 personnel each due to nearly constant combat since mid-fall, and they had used up most of their ammunition.
The next day Bagramyan was ordered to withdraw the Army for rest and refitting with the intention to commit it against Army Group North which was falling back from Leningrad.
In the event, after a period in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command it was reassigned to 3rd Belorussian Front in May, and the division returned to 8th Guards Corps in the same period, where it would remain for the duration.
In the buildup to the summer offensive against Army Group Center the 11th Guards Army trained intensively in the forests in the Nevel region and received over 20,000 replacements, bringing the 26th Guards and the rest of its rifle divisions to an average of 7,200 personnel each.
Beginning on May 25 the Army moved up well behind the front of 3rd Belorussian, followed by a secret move of 300km on June 12-13 to a sector north of the Dniepr River 30km northeast of Orsha, replacing elements of 31st Army.
General Galitskiy screened most of his sector with the 16th Guards Corps while the 8th and 36th Corps concentrated on a narrow sector adjacent to 31st Army.
On June 22 the 8th Corps was crammed into less than 10km with 36th Corps and had two heavy tank regiments and two assault gun regiments attached.
It faced elements of the XXVII Army Corps of German 4th Army, primarily the 78th Assault Division (previously the 78th Infantry that the division had faced in Operation Mars).
General Galitskiy decided to launch his main attack along the highway to Minsk on a sector from Ostrov Yurev to Kirieva.
The immediate objective was to break through the German defense and pave the way for the 2nd Guards Tank Corps to seize the line of the Orshitsa River by the end of the first day.
8th Guards Corps, in the Army's center, would attack the sector from Osintroi to Slepin towards Zabezhnitsa, seize a line from outside Brokhovskie to Height 172.3 (2km west of Zabezhnitsa), and then develop its offensive towards Selekta.
Along with the other first-echelon divisions of its Front, the 26th Guards prepared a forward battalion to take part in a reconnaissance in force which was conducted through the afternoon and evening of June 22, supported by a 25-minute artillery preparation.
While the main purpose of this reconnaissance was to uncover the German fire system, seizing their forward defenses was a secondary goal.
While the battalions of 5th Army to the north had considerable success in this regard those of 11th Guards Army generally failed, including that of the division.
The 8th and 36th Guards Corps encountered fierce resistance from the 78th Assault Division and other German units and through the day only advanced 2km.
While 8th and 16th Guards Corps advanced as much as 14km during the day, 36th Corps had still not cleared a path for the commitment of 2nd Guards Tanks and soon became caught up in the fighting for Orsha.
Yuri Vasilevich Smirnov, a squad leader of the 1st Company of the 77th Guards Rifle Regiment, was severely wounded while riding a tank that was breaking through the German front north of Orsha and was taken prisoner.
Over the following hours he was tortured for information in the presence of Lt. Gen. Hans Traut, commander of 78th Assault Division, as Traut testified in his 1947 trial for war crimes.
The evidence of the crime was soon uncovered when Orsha was liberated and Smirnov's body was found crucified by German bayonets in a dugout.
On June 25 the Army focused its efforts on the sector of 16th Corps which threw the German forces back another 7-12km and was by now deeply outflanking Orsha from the north.
On June 26 the two leading Corps of 11th Guards attacked towards Borisov to prevent 4th Army from withdrawing across the Berezina River.
In the course of the day they advanced 20-25km to the west, supported by 2nd Guards Tanks, while destroying retiring German rearguards.
The Army's forward detachments covered another 50-65km and in conjunction with the 5th Guards Tank Army was deeply enveloping the left flank of German 4th Army, which was withdrawing to the west south of the Orsha-Borisov railroad.
220124, ordering 3rd Belorussian Front to force the Berezina from the march and then to attack rapidly towards Minsk, with its right wing on Molodechno.
11th Guards Army was to complete its crossings by noon on July 1 and then develop the offensive towards Logoisk and Radashkovichy.
At 0500 hours on June 29 the 11th Guards Army renewed its offensive towards the Berezina, behind 5th Guards Tank Army.
During the day the Army advanced 30km and by the end of the day its forward detachments were 22-28km east of the river.
By the end of the next day the entire 11th Guards had consolidated along a line from Lishitsy to Logoisk to Sarnatsk to Smolevichi.
On July 10 the 26th Guards would be decorated with the Order of the Red Banner for its role in the fighting for Borisov and the Berezina.
This line was cracked by a deliberate attack beginning at midday on July 7 by the 8th Guards and the 3rd Guards Tank Corps despite stubborn resistance from elements of the 5th and 7th Panzer Divisions.
On July 8 the leading units of 11th Guards Army advanced another 25-30km and by now were approaching Vilnius, which held a garrison of about 15,000 men.
While the battle for this city went on until the 13th forward detachments of 5th Guards Tank reached the Neman River, followed by the left flank and center forces of the Front.
By the end of July 15 the Army, in cooperation with 5th Army, had seized a bridgehead 28km long and 2-6km deep, while it also was maintaining a second bridgehead up to 6km deep.
These continued to expand in fighting through to the 20th while repelling German counterattacks, at which point the Front went over to a temporary defense.
By now the 26th Guards had only one or two companies in each rifle battalion, each company averaged 25-30 men, and none more than 60; in addition the 57th Guards Artillery was lagging behind.
In the battle for the Neman the division accounted for 400 German officers and soldiers killed and 600 taken prisoner, along with 37 tanks, 56 guns and 224 machine guns destroyed or taken as trophies.
On October 16 the division, along with the rest of 11th Guards, began attacking into East Prussia as part of the Front's abortive Goldap-Gumbinnen Operation, which ended in early November.
In the planning for the Vistula-Oder Offensive the Army began in the second echelon of 3rd Belorussian Front, on a sector from Kybartai to Kaukern on the right and Millunen to Georgenburg on the left.
I. D. Chernyakhovsky, decided to use his 11th Guards, 5th and 28th Armies to encircle and eliminate the German Insterburg - Gumbinnen group of forces, with the objective of pursuing and advancing directly on Königsberg.
In order to block the Soviet advance on Insterburg the German command organized a defense along a line from Lindenburg to Zaken to Insterburg, using remnants of three infantry divisions and other assorted troops.
Meanwhile, to the right, the 8th Guards Corps attacked along the paved road from Gross Skeisgirren to Welau with the 26th Guards and 1st Tank Corps leading the pursuit towards the Pregel River.
Altogether the 11th Guards Army advanced 45km in two days, reaching the approaches to Insterburg while the 26th Guards and 1st Tanks deeply outflanked the German Insterburg - Gumbinnen grouping from the west.
Chernyakhovsky now ordered the 11th Guards and 5th Armies to break through the German defensive line with a concentric attack from north, east and south.
General Galitskiy decided to attack Insterburg at night with his 36th Guards Corps while the 16th and 8th Guards Corps developed the offensive, the latter towards Tapiau.
On February 19 the division would be recognized for its part in the battle for Insterburg with the award of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Degree.
8th Guards Corps advanced in the wake of 1st Tank Corps, which broke through into Tapiau from the northeast and by 2000 hours on January 22 reached the Deime River in the Friedrichsthal area.
8th Guards Corps outflanked Wehlau from the northeast with its 5th Guards Division and began fighting on the town's outskirts; the town was secured the next day.
The Army was now ordered to attack from the line of the Alle River along the south bank of the Pregel and reach a line from Steinbeck to Grunbaum by the end of January 24.
On the morning of January 30 forward detachments of the 26th Guards broke through the German defenses and reached the shore of the Frisches Haff, isolating Königsberg from the rest of Germany.
On February 9 the 11th Guards along with the 43rd and 39th Armies, all operating close to Königsberg, were transferred to 1st Baltic Front while 3rd Belorussian focused on eliminating the large group of German forces in the western regions of East Prussia.
As of February 24 the 1st Baltic was redesignated as the Zemland Group of Forces with the three armies and 3rd Air Army under command, now back as part of 3rd Belorussian Front.
Its left flank was able to advance 2-3km and the attack continued into the night and the following day through dense fog.
When the assault on Königsberg began on April 6 the 11th Guards was responsible for the attack from the south, with 8th Guards Corps on the right (east) flank.
For the attack the Army was reinforced with the 23rd Tank Brigade, three self-propelled artillery regiments, a Guards heavy tank regiment, the 10th Artillery Division and many other artillery units.
36th and 16th Guards Corps on the left and center made the most progress, penetrating 4km into the German defenses, blockading two forts, clearing 43 city blocks and beginning fighting for the railway station.
On the afternoon of April 8 it forced the Pregel to the northwest of Ponart and linked up with 43rd Army, cutting off the fortress from the forces of the German Samland Group and also capturing the port area.
In the Samland offensive that followed beginning on April 13 the 11th Guards Army was initially in the Zemland Group's second echelon.
It was committed into the first line overnight on April 17/18, relieving 2nd Guards Army on the Vistula Spit, facing the heavily fortified town of Pillau.
After reconnaissance over the next two days the 16th and 36th Guards Corps attacked at 1100 hours on April 20 but made little progress, which did not change the following day.
On May 28, in recognition for their parts in the battle for Königsberg, the 75th and 77th Guards Rifle Regiments each received the Order of Suvorov, 3rd Degree, while the 57th Guards Artillery Regiment was decorated with the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd Degree.
The division remained in the Kaliningrad Oblast until it was converted in 1957 to the 26th Guards Motorized Rifle Division, at which time it was under the command of Hero of the Soviet Union Maj. Gen. Ivan Moiseevich Tretyak.
Music to Listen to~Dance to~Blaze to~Pray to~Feed to~Sleep to~Talk to~Grind to~Trip to~Breathe to~Help to~Hurt to~Scroll to~Roll to~Love to~Hate to~Learn Too~Plot to~Play to~Be to~Feel to~Breed to~Sweat to~Dream to~Hide to~Live to~Die to~Go To (often shortened to Music to Listen To… or ~Go To~) is a commercial release by British rock band Bring Me the Horizon.
Luisa Wilson, who competed on the Yellow team of the Ice hockey – Girls' 3x3 mixed tournament, became the first Mexican to win a medal in any Winter Olympic sports category.
alongside Dhaya Lakshminarayanan, has regularly opened for W. Kamau Bell, and additionally opened for Trevor Noah, Gina Yashere, Michelle Wolf, and Dave Chappelle.
She has performed at festivals such as the Desi Comedy Fest, the Portland Queer Comedy Festival, Bridgetown Comedy Festival, and Comedy Central's Colossal Clusterfest.
In 2009, Dobbins performed--on a dare from her girlfriend--for the first time at an open mic night at Woody’s, a laundromat café in Oakland, California.
In 2013, she opened for acts such as W. Kamau Bell and performed at venues such as the Great American Music Hall.
Previously to this, she was Second Secretary in Kinshasa (2004-2007), First Secretary in Abidjan (2007-2009) and Deputy Head of Political Section in Abuja (2012-2014).
Gauld joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 2002, and has also held roles covering the Balkans and the South Caucasus regions.
Since taking up her role as Ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire, Gauld has undertaken responsibilities such as hosting trade conferences and attending a conference on preventing harassment in workplaces.
He group up listening to Black Label Society, Five Finger Death Punch, Waylon Jennings and his father Jason's rock band Stitch Rivet, a regional rock band fronted by Booth's uncle Gene, twin brother of father Jason, who also managed the band.
He was accepted into Morehead State University on a music scholarship and a dean in the music department, Scott Miller, became an early advocate for Booth's talents.
By 2017, Booth's songwriting and singing was gaining attention, including from songwriter and producer Phil O'Donnell who invited Booth down to Nashville, where he had Booth sing on a number of songs he had written, while also composing additional material.
He received his work permit October 1948, and soon three entrepreneurs from Lyon, Grenoble, and Marseille asked him to build a mixed-use residential and office tower.
Jacques Lemaigre Dubreuil (1894-1955), a French businessman and an activist in favor of Moroccan independence, was among the residents of the Liberty Building.
It was among the first skyscrapers to be built on the African continent, and it was the first building with more than 16 stories in Morocco.
In addition to its groundbreaking history and its symbolism as the first residential building of its height on the continent, it was innovatively designed.
The building's floor plan takes the form of a V, which increases natural sunlight, and its southward orientation ensures direct sunlight and reduces the need for heating.
While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University on six occasions as a wicket-keeper in 1967, scoring 71 runs with a high score of 28, in addition to taking three catches and making a single stumping.
It' is not a literary genre of its own, but it is a part of quite extensive works that describe, for example, the history of the respective people.
At the center of the story is the origin myth of the respective group of people (such as the Goths, Lombards, Anglo-Saxons or Franks ).
It was usually handed down orally at the beginning and was recorded later and enriched with some elements from ancient scholars.
Although there is sometimes a historical core (such as the Anglo-Saxon migration to Britain), others seem to contain mostly fictional stories.
It was a central event of the gens' history, such as a significant victory, the crossing of a body of water, a kingdom of divine origin that is said to have existed since primeval times, and others.
In this way, these poly-ethnic associations were linked into an ideal unity through the history of origin; this played an important role in the complex process of Late Antique and Early Medieval ethnogenesis.
According to the church historian Beda Venerabilis, the Saxons were called to Britain by King Vortigern and landed there with three ships under the command of brothers Hengist and Horsa.
For example, Goffart is very critical of the approach that there are similarities in works that deal with the stories of origin, rather, each author with his image pursued his own goals.
The South Korea women's national football team has represented South Korea (Korea Republic) at the FIFA Women's World Cup on three occasions, in 2003, 2015, and 2019.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 41 and UHF channel 32, is owned by Ventana Television, a division of Home Shopping Network.
The 2020 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election will take place on Thursday 7 May 2020 to elect members of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council in England.
It was designed by the architect Fredrick G. Hicks and it was opened in 1931, it won the 1932-33 Royal Institute of Architects Ireland Prize.
It was built to replace, St. Thomas's Church on Marlborough Street, which was destroyed following a fire during the Irish Civil War in 1922.
With the decline in the Anglican community in 1966 the parish of St. Thomas, merged with the parish of St. George.
Over the years a number of other Christian denominations were allowed to use the church, Orthodox, Filipino Christians and Anglican Igbo Speaking Community.
St. Thomas Indian Orthodox Church use the church for their weekly services, and from 2006 it became their parish church, the St. Thomas Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church.
The women's shot put event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 25 August 1989.
Cinderella is an upcoming American romantic musical comedy film directed by Kay Cannon, based on the fairy tale of the same name.
John Acclom was an English politician who served as Member of the English Parliament for Scarborough in 1373, February 1383, November 1384, February 1388, and 1399.
He was bailiff of Scarborough from some point before August 1381 to Michaelmas 1382, Michaelmas 1387 to 1388, 1390 to 1393, 1394 to 1396, 1397 to 1399, and 1401 until his death.
While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University on three occasions between 2009 and 2011, scoring 50 runs with a high score of 20.
In the 2010–11 season, AS Khroub is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 4th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
The song was inspired by a friend of the duo, Ruby, who had been involved in an accident in India and undertook a large recovery.
V Sagittae or V Sge is a cataclysmic variable binary star system in the constellation Sagitta that is expected to go nova and briefly become the most luminous point of light in the Milky Way and the brightest stars in our sky around the year 2083.
The system is composed of a main sequence star of about 3.3 solar masses and a white dwarf of about 0.9 solar masses; the fact that the white dwarf is less massive than its companion is highly unusual, and V Sge is the only super soft X-ray source nonmagnetic cataclysmic variable found so far.
V Sge has brightened by a factor of 10 over the last century, and based on research reported in 2020, it is expected to continue to brighten and briefly become the brightest star in the night sky sometime around 2083, plus or minus about 11 years.
The pair is in the late stages of an in-spiral, and the period is increasing at a rate of -4.73 * 10 days/cycle.
Material from the larger star is accreting onto the white dwarf at an exponentially increasing rate, generating a huge stellar wind.
The book begins on the sheep station in the western grasslands of New South Wales, Australia, where Conway was born, 30,000 acres of grazing land that her parents settled in 1929.
A severe drought and her father's death drove the family to Sydney, where Conway's struggle to get an education and make something of herself began.
The tour was officially announced via promo video on January 7, 2020 and the first set of dates were released the same day.
The pre-sale for the tickets began January 8, 2020 at 9am PT and ended the following day at 10pm local time.
Due to a high demand, a second show at The Rooftop in New York City was added for June 7, 2020.
K Money began rapping in 2016, having been influenced by his father who was a member of 90's hip hop group TBTBT.
He is the younger brother of fellow Toronto rapper Casper TNG and is part of the Project Originals gang in the neighbourhood of Alexandra Park in Toronto.
The case had been ongoing since November 2017, and he was charged with one count of each; assault, sexual assault, forcible confinement, and failure to comply with probation.
The pair alongside two other Project Originals gang members were involved in a crime spree, which took place May 30, 2018.
Crown prosecutor alleged this shooting was retaliation for a shooting that happened less than 24 hours prior in the area of Vanauley Walk.
He was also being held on a separate September 28, 2017 firearm investigation where a loaded 44.Cal magnum revolver was found in the Kensington Market area.
The gang pleaded guilty in October, 2019 and K Money received a 4 year remaining sentence after convincing the courts that this shooting was not gang related.
Along with Gatto, Vulcano, and Quinn, he was a member of his high school's Improvisation Club, for they saw it as a way to express themselves and meet girls.
After being apart for years, Murray, Gatto, and Vulcano reunited after graduating from college and began practicing improvisation at Gatto's house, going on to tour as an improv & sketch comedy troupe in 1999, and calling themselves The Tenderloins.
Despite not being an initial member of his friends' comedy troupe The Tenderloins, after one of the original members, Mike Boccio, left the group in 2006, Brian Quinn became the troupe's fourth member.
The Tenderloins began producing comedy sketches together, posting them on YouTube, MySpace, and Metacafe, and subsequently accumulating millions of views online.
Nevermore is an 1897 painting in oil on canvas by the French Post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin which is in the collection of the Courtauld Institute of Art at Somerset House in the Strand, London.
At the time the painting was executed Pahura was grieving the loss of her first child (by Gauguin) and Gauguin the loss of his favourite European-born daughter Aline.
The painting was later purchased in 1898 by the British composer Frederick Delius from Gauguin's friend George-Daniel de Monfreid for 500 francs.
The Costa Rica women's national football team has represented Costa Rica at the FIFA Women's World Cup on one occasion, in 2015.
There they chased the five men aboard – her captain, a pilot, and three seamen, below deck – put the bosun and guards in her boat, and set sail.
In 2004 he won the gold medal in the men's 82.5 kg event and in 2008 he won the silver medal in the men's 90 kg event.
Distance events were held separately, with the 10,000 metres taking place at the Zatopek 10K on 11 December 2014 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, the men's 5000 metres being held at the same location on 21 March 2015, and the women's 5000 m taking place at Sydney Olympic Park on 14 March 2015.
Copenhagen Atomics is pursuing small modular, molten fuel salt, thorium fuel cycle, thermal spectrum, breeder reactors using separated plutonium from spent nuclear fuel as the initial fissile load for the first generation of reactors.
Copenhagen Atomics was founded in 2014 by a group of scientists and engineers meeting at Technical University of Denmark and around the greater Copenhagen area for discussions on thorium and molten salt reactors, who later incorporated in 2015.
Copenhagen Atomics is pursuing a hardware-driven iterative component-by-component approach to reactor development, instead of a full design license and approval approach.
Copenhagen Atomics is actively developing and testing valves, pumps, heat exchangers, measurement systems, salt chemistry and purification systems, and control systems and software for molten salt applications.
The company has also developed the world’s only canned molten salt pump and are developing an active electromagnetic bearing canned molten salt pump.
Copenhagen Atomics offers many of their technologies through commercially available pumped molten salt loops for use in molten salt reactor research, high temperature concentrated solar power, molten salt energy storage, and molten salt chemistry research.
He attended Charles Drew High School in Atlanta as a freshman before transferring to *North Gwinnett High School in Suwanee, Georgia.
After graduating from North Gwinett, he did a postgraduate year at St. John's Northwestern Military Academy, an experience he initially hated but his parents encouraged.
Caver was a backup to Trey Freeman as a freshman, averaging 2.7 points per game and was named to the academic honor roll.
As a sophomore, Caver led Old Dominion in scoring and assists with 13.0 points and 4.9 assists per game, to go with 3.5 rebounds per contest.
Caver averaged 14.2 points and 6.2 assists per game as a junior, leading the Monarchs to a 25-7 record and second place in conference.
The Iyād were an Arab tribe which dwelt in western lower and upper Mesopotamia and northern Syria during the 3rd–7th centuries CE.
Parts of the tribe adopted Christianity in the mid-3rd century and came under the suzerainty of the Lakhmid kings of al-Hirah, vassals of the Sasanian Empire.
From this period onward, parts of the tribe became settled in towns and villages along the Euphrates, while other parts remained nomadic and dwelt in the neighboring desert steppes.
The Iyad played a significant role among the Arab tribes in the Fertile Crescent before the advent of Islam, as allies and opponents of the Sasanians and later allies of the Byzantine Empire.
As the early Muslim conquests were underway, parts of the tribe in lower Mesopotamia embraced Islam, while those established in northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia fled with the retreating Byzantine armies into Anatolia.
According to the traditional Arab genealogists, the Iyad's eponymous progenitor was a son of Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan and a brother of the latter's sons Mudar, Rabi'a and Anmar, all of whom were also progenitors of large Arab tribes.
The original dwelling places of the Iyad were in the Tihama coastal area of western Arabia down to the environs of Najran.
The tribe in alliance with the Mudar forced out the Jurhum from the western Arabian town of Mecca and consequently became the masters of Mecca's Ka'aba, a major idol sanctuary for the polytheistic Arabs in the pre-Islamic period (pre-630s).
Disputes ensued between the Iyad and the Mudar over control of Ka'aba and the Iyad were later ousted from Mecca during hostilities with the Khuza'a tribe.
The poetic verses that have associated the Iyad with the Ka'aba emanated from a certain member of the tribe called Bashir, and this has rendered the tribe's involvement with the sanctuary as a suspected fabrication produced to glorify the tribe.
In the first half of the 3rd century CE, large groups of Iyad tribesmen migrated to Bahrayn (eastern Arabia) and formed with other Arab tribes the Tanukh confederation.
From Bahrayn the tribe moved into the Sawad (fertile region of lower Mesopotamia) where they grazed their animals and utilized the Ayn Ubagh spring near Anbar as their water source.
About the middle of the 3rd century the Iyad battled Jadhima ibn Malik, the Arab ruler of al-Hirah who was expanding his rule to encompass all the Arab tribes of lower Mesopotamia.
A number of Iyad tribesmen thereafter settled in al-Hirah and adopted an urban way of life and the Christian faith, though it is possible members of the tribe converted to Christianity in the preceding years.
A lone tradition in the Islamic-era sources mentions that the Iyad were the target of a punitive expedition by the Sasanian king Shapur II, but this may be a confusion with Khosrow I's campaign against the Iyad in the 6th century (see below), according to J. Schleifer.
The historian Irfan Shahid supports the view that the Iyad were assaulted by the Sasanians either by Shapur II in the 4th century or by Khosrow (possibly confused by the Arabic sources for the more well-known, 6th-century Khosrow I) in the early 5th century, possibly .
Shahid assumes the Iyad's adoption of Christianity may have caused tensions with the Sasanians, particularly following the persecutions of Yazdegerd I (), and that Sasanian expeditions precipitated the emigration of part of the tribe to Byzantine Oriens (e.g.
A testament to an Iyadi presence in Oriens is that the poet of the Salihid chieftain Dawud al-Laqit, who was served as the Byzantines' phylarch of the Arab tribes in its territory, was Abd al-As, a member of the Iyad.
The Iyad which remained in lower Mesopotamia may have come under the suzerainty of the Lakhmid rulers of al-Hirah, vassals of the Sasanian Empire.
The Iyad tribesman Laqit ibn Ya'mur served as a secretary in the Sasanians' government department for Arab affairs in Ctesiphon and the Iyad poet Abu Duwad supervised the horses of the Lakhmid king al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man ().
In the early 6th century, the tribe made incursions into Sasanian territory east of the Euphrates river, prompting a punitive expedition by Khosrow I.
The Iyad nomads took captive an elite Persian woman, and bested the Persian cavalry subsequently dispatched against them in a battle at Dayr al-Jamajim.
The tribe ignored warnings by Laqit of the repercussions of challenging the Sasanians and were soon after ambushed and driven from their abodes by a Sasanian force.
The surviving tribesmen reestablished themselves in three main areas: the desert west of Mesopotamia; northern Syria up to the town of Ancyra (ancient Ankara) where some members of the tribe had already settled; and the different parts of Mesopotamia, including the Jazira (upper Mesopotamia), the area around al-Hirah and Tikrit.
The Sasanians ousted them from Takrit, but they returned at some point before the Muslim conquest of the city in 637, where members of the tribe secretly aided the city's Sasanian garrison.
Indeed those who remained in the parts of Mesopotamia controlled by the Sasanians were obligated to serve as auxiliaries of its army.
In the first decade of the 7th century, Iyad contingents were dispatched alongside the Quda'a Arab contingents led by Khalid ibn Yazid of the Bahra' tribe to confront the Banu Bakr nomads at the Battle of Dhi Qar.
A part of the Iyad secretly cooperated the Banu Bakr and fled the field mid-battle, causing disorder in the Sasanian lines and contributing to the nomadic Arabs' first major battle victory against a Sasanian army.
The Iyad of Mesopotamia continued under Sasanian suzerainty along with most of the other Arab tribes of the region during the Muslim conquests in the 630s.
In the Battle of Ayn al-Tamr in 633 or 634, the tribe fought under the Sasanian commander Mihran Bahram-i Chobin against the Muslim Arabs led by Khalid ibn al-Walid and again in nearby Sandawda.
Iyad tribesmen under Byzantine authority were sent by Emperor Heraclius with the Byzantine army to besiege the Muslims in Homs in 638, but ultimately withdrew with the Byzantine force into Cilicia where they were pursued and nearly eliminated by the Muslims.
The Muslim general Iyad ibn Ghanm subjected much of northern Syria and upper Mesopotamia in the following year and the Arab tribes who dwelt in these territories embraced Islam with the exception of the Iyad.
Caliph Umar () sought their return to the Muslims' newly-conquered territories and threatened to attack the Christians in his domains should Heraclius not extradite the Iyad.
Five MEPs were formally considered to have been elected in the elections, but will not take their seats pending the departure of the UK from the EU.
She received Bachsas Awards, Bangladesh Cultural Society Lifetime Achievement Award and Natyashabha Award for her contributions to the field of dance.
She completed a six-year certificate course from Bulbul Lalitakala Academy and later in ballet and dance choreography under experts from North Korea.
The 1991 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour.
A centre, who also plays on the wing, he is regarded as one of the top prospects in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft.
He made his professional debut at the age of 17 in the Champions Hockey League opening round on August 30, 2019 against the Vienna Capitals.
Stützle was selected as the best player on Team Germany at the end of the first qualifying match against Kazakhstan in the 2020 World Junior Championships.
He had five assists during the tournament, and averaged 18 minutes ice time in five games, and was an A-rated skater.
The Radcliffe wave is a coherent, wave-shaped gaseous structure in the Milky Way, made up of interconnected stellar nurseries, stretching over 9000 light years across.
It is the largest gaseous structure ever seen in the disk of the Milky Way, and lies around 500 light-years from the Sun.
Inside the dense clouds, gas can be so compressed that new stars are born; it has been suggested that this may be where the Sun originated.
Many of the star-forming regions found in the Radcliffe wave were previously thought to be part of a huge ring around the solar system known as the Gould Belt, but it is now understood that there is no ring, but a massive wave instead.
The Honourable Order of Jerusalem (also spelled as the Honorable Order of Jerusalem) is an ecclesiastical decoration conferred by the World Methodist Council.
However, despite ambitious expansion plans, GEM's British operations were not a success, with only two other stores at Cross Gates, Leeds and Cliff Mill, Dundonald Street, Preston being opened.
National concessionaires withdrew from the stores and, in 1966, the fledgling Asda superstore chain, whose then parent company was the Leeds, Yorkshire based dairy farming conglomerate, Associated Dairies, acquired a controlling interest in the GEM operations.
The Loughborough Road site still has an Asda store, although it was replaced by a brand new and much larger store on land adjacent to the old site in 1999.
He is one of the elect of the 31th Iran's Book of the Year Awards and the winner of the 8th Holy Defense Year Book Award.
But because of the poor financial situation, he was forced to work and earn a living, so he went to night school in the second year of secondary school.
In 1987, he was admitted to Shahid Beheshti University, but again due to the war he began his studies with two years delay in 1989.
Mohammad Doroudian was one of the elect of the 31th Iran's Book of the Year Awards in 2014 and the winner of the 8th Holy Defense Year Book Award in 2003.
She has created a statue of Mesrop Mashtots the founder of the Armenian alphabet and of the Iranian national hero Yeprem Khan.
The 2019–20 season will be Debreceni VSC's 36th competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 71st year in existence as a handball club.
It included all Leinster based League of Ireland clubs from the First Division and Premier Division, as well as a selection of intermediate level sides.
The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia was a travelogue of 19th century Palestine and the magnum opus of painter David Roberts.
Bendiner proposed multiple influences underlying Roberts' orientalist style, including his ethnic biases, social conscience, opulent taste, self-confidence, sense of history, contemporary international rivalries, and the religious questions of the day.
During her tenure, she spent ten weeks in Israel on official travel and also served as Assistant Secretary General for Inspections in the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of State, which necessitated her travel for extended inspection visits to Russia, South Africa and China.
Besides the Middle East, much of her time was spent in Latin America, primarily Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Chile, and Bolivia where she was Deputy Chief of Mission with special responsibilities as Coordinator, Counter Narcotics Operations.
The CIA circulated a memo in the highest Washington circles accusing her of having an extramarital lesbian affair with her secretary, Carol Murphy.
After her retirement from the diplomatic service, she served six years as President of the World Affairs Council of Jacksonville (and served on the National Board of the World Affairs Councils of America).
She also participated in the World Affairs Councils of America special delegation visits to Morocco, Egypt, Jordan and Baghdad in January 2009 at the invitation of Ambassador Ryan Crocker.
Ambassador McAfee, who was married, makes her home in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida and is a member of the University of North Florida Foundation Board, the Board of Baptist Medical Center Beaches, and the Rotary International Foundation Board in Downtown Jacksonville.
She lived with her husband in La Ceiba, where she collected from debtors for her husband's company (now known as Panavisión Industries).
This followed mini-album Self-Non-Self, released the previous year, and a limited cassette run, both on local indie label Bite Back!, and is seen as important to their growth as a band as it shows them 'continuing to expand their pallet', while the 'gripping, chilling atmosphere... hasn't moved an inch'.
In 1282, King Stefan Dragutin was replaced by Stefan Milutin, his younger brother, with the royal title to revert after his death to one of Stefan Dragutin's sons.
The official version of the incident is that King Dragutin's horse fell in the vicinity of Fort Jeleč, incapacitating him with a broken leg.
The Serbian Archbishop Danilo II reports great confusion after the accident, and the people, facing the threat of attack from a neighbor, forced King Stephan to hand over the royal title to his brother.
As part of the agreement, King Milutin took the Bulgarian princess Anna Terter as a wife and radically changed the foreign policy, directing it to the seizure of Byzantine possessions, becoming an ally of the Second Bulgarian State.
She won the bronze medal in the women's +86 kg event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Known for his agility in scoring many audacious bicycle kicks, he is one of the highest goalscorers of all-time in the sport, having amassed over 600 as of 2019, including winning the top scorer award at the 2017 and 2019 editions of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cups and becoming the all-time top scorer of the Italian national team.
Gori was invited by a friend to play beach soccer with the team of his hometown, Viareggio, at a festival in 2010.
That summer, then Italy coach Massimiliano Esposito, having seen Gori play during the Italian League, called him up to the national team for the 2010 Euro Beach Soccer League (EBSL) Superfinal in Lisbon, aged 22.
At the beginning of his career, his father believed he was making the wrong decision dedicating so much time to the sport.
Gori recovered from knee surgery in time to be called up to the Italian team for the 2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Ravenna.
Subsequently, Gori was the joint second top scorer of the 2015 World Cup and helped Italy win the gold medal at that year's Mediterranean Beach Games, Italy's first major honour since 2005.
In 2016, Gori was voted as one of the three best players in the world at the annual Beach Soccer Stars awards and won the Pallone Azzurro (Blue Ball) award for best Italian player of the year bestowed by the Italian Football Federation.
A year later, Gori was once again named one of the world's best three players and named amongst the dream team for 2019 at the Beach Soccer Stars awards and ended the season with a silver medal at the 2019 World Cup, winning the Golden Boot once again, the first player to win consecutive top scorer awards since Madjer in 2005 and 2006.
Gori has played for Viareggio since 2010, having appeared alongside childhood friends and fellow national team players Andrea Carpita, Dario Ramacciotti, Simone Marinai, Matteo Marrucci and Michele di Palma.
His personal highlight came in 2016 when the team won the treble of the Euro Winners Cup (EWC), Coppa Italia and the Italian League.
He has also had brief stints at the EWC and other international clubs events for the likes of Braga of Portugal, Artur Music of Ukraine, Boca Gdańsk of Poland and FC City of Russia.
He studied and modelled his play style off of his beach soccer idol, Amarelle, also known for his acrobatics and overhead kicks.
This is a list of members of the European Parliament for Spain elected at the 2014 European Parliament election in Spain, and who served in the Eighth European Parliament.
On 8 January 2020, in a military operation code named Operation Martyr Soleimani (), Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) launched numerous ballistic missiles at the Ayn al-Asad airbase in Al Anbar Governorate, western Iraq, as well as another airbase in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, in response to the killing of Major General Qasem Soleimani by a United States drone strike.
While the U.S. initially said that none of its service members were injured or killed in the attack, the U.S. Department of Defense ultimately said that 64 service members had been diagnosed and treated for traumatic brain injuries from the attack.
In the lead up to the attacks, Iranian officials had said Iran would retaliate against U.S. forces for the killing of general Qasem Soleimani in Baghdad on 3January 2020.
U.S. president Donald Trump warned Tehran that any retaliation would result in the U.S. targeting 52 significant Iranian sites, including cultural sites.
Reportedly, following the Baghdad strike, U.S. intelligence agencies detected Iran's heightened readiness but it was unclear at the time if they were defensive measures or an indication of a future attack on U.S. forces.
On 3 December 2019, an Iraqi military statement said five rockets had landed on the Ayn al-Asad airbase, with no injuries.
Although the exact locations of the bases were not disclosed, U.S. officials confirm their troops had an adequate warning to shelter from the attack.
The attacks unfolded in two waves, each about an hour apart; Fars News Agency subsequently released video of the missile launches.
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) claimed responsibility for the attack and announced that it was carried out in response to the killing of Soleimani.
The IRGC said the strikes came at roughly the same time Soleimani died and added that if the U.S. retaliated, they would respond in kind.
It also declared that the attack was intended as a warning that applied to any regional actor that provides basing for U.S. military personnel.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said Iran symbolically targeted the bases, alleging they were the bases used to launch the aircraft that assisted in the killing of Soleimani.
Although the Pentagon disputed the amount launched, it confirmed that both the Ayn Al Asad airbase and an airbase in Erbil were hit by Iranian missiles.
A spokesman for United States Central Command said a total of 15 missiles were fired, with ten hitting the Ayn Al Asad airbase, one hitting the Erbil base, and four missiles failing to reach their target.
U.S. defense secretary Mark Esper later gave a similar estimate, saying 16 short-range missiles had been launched from three locations within Iran, with 11 striking Ayn al-Asad (instead of the prior estimate of 10).
Other sources confirmed that two targeted Erbil: one hit Erbil International Airport and did not explode, the other landed about 20 miles west of Erbil.
Iran's Tasnim News Agency reported that the IRGC used Fateh-313 and Qiam ballistic missiles in the attack and claimed that U.S. forces failed to intercept them because they were equipped with cluster warheads.
Among the coalition forces present on the two bases, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, and Poland confirmed that their personnel were unharmed.
Satellite photos provided by Planet Labs showed extensive damage to the Al Asad base, with at least five structures damaged in the attack, showing that the missiles were precise enough to hit individual buildings.
David Schmerler, an analyst with the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, which evaluated the photos, said the attacks seem to have hit buildings that store aircraft, while buildings used for housing staff were not hit.
Two defense officials told Newsweek that 18 missiles, which used on-board guidance systems, landed in Al Asad airbase, three of them on the runway, while another hit and damaged an air control tower.
Some soldiers lamented losing all their personal belongings—clothes, books, pictures of their families and mementos they had carried through more than a decade in the military.
U.S. soldiers stationed at Ayn Al Asad later confirmed that they had received advanced warning of the missile attack via secret intelligence signals—before the Iraqis notified them—and that by 11:00p.m.
(local), several hours before the first missiles landed, most of the American section of the base was in lockdown while other troops had been flown out.
Only essential personnel such as tower guards and drone pilots remained unsheltered as they were protecting against a ground assault which base commanders expected would follow the missile attack.
The base did not have structures in place to defend against a missile attack of the kind launched by the IRGC, with many taking cover in concrete indirect fire bunkers and pyramid-like shelters that were built during the Iran–Iraq War.
Several European and U.S. government officials believed that Iran deliberately avoided casualties in their operation in order to send a message of resolve to avenge Soleimani without provoking a substantial military response.
Top U.S. general Mark Milley believed the missiles were intended to cause structural damage, to destroy vehicles, equipment, and aircraft, and to kill personnel, adding that defensive measures by U.S. troops and early warning systems were what prevented personnel from being killed.
Lieutenant Colonel Tim Garland, a U.S. commander at Ayn Al Asad base, said the missile volleys were timed in such a way as to trick soldiers into thinking the bombing was over.
Iranian aerospace commander Amir Ali Hajizadeh said the intention was not to kill any American troops but that they could have planned the operation to do so.
According to the Center For Strategic & International Studies, the Space-based Infrared System (SBIRS) warned troops to prepare for incoming attacks.
The Pentagon has not confirmed the presence of any missile defense systems at either Ain Al Asad airbase or the base near Erbil.
Colonel Garland said two soldiers who had been in guard towers at Ayn Al Asad airbase were blown from their posts during the missile attacks, suffering concussions.
Another official said that it was standard procedure for all personnel in the vicinity of a blast to be screened for TBI.
The Pentagon sharply denied that it attempted to underplay injuries from the attack, with a spokesman saying that the secretary of defense himself only learned of the MEDEVACs a few hours before the general public did, and that brain injuries often take time to manifest and diagnose.
In contrast to the U.S. reports, Al-Qabas, a Kuwaiti newspaper, claimed on 18 January that 16, not 11, U.S. service members were transferred to Camp Arifjan, some of whom were treated for severe burns and shrapnel wounds as well as TBI.
18 of them were evacuated to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany, and eight of those were subsequently sent to the United States for treatment at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
It was said that the numbers might be changing.The new information was that 31 of them had been treated in Iraq, while 18 (up from the previous figure of 17) were treated in Germany.
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration issued a notice to airmen (NOTAM) prohibiting U.S. civil aviation operators from operating in the airspace over Iraq, Iran, and the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
On the evening of 8 January 2020, Reuters reported that three Katyusha rockets were launched, in Baghdad by unidentified militants, hitting the Green Zone.
On 10 January, the Trump administration imposed new economic sanctions on Iran that targeted the country's metals industry, including the construction, manufacturing, textiles and mining economic sectors.
U.S. treasury secretary Steven Mnuchin noted that the sanctions on metals and other industries would be both primary and secondary sanctions that allows the U.S. to designate other sectors in the future.
Additionally, the U.S. announced 17 specific sanctions against Iran's largest copper, steel, aluminum, and iron manufacturers, a network of Chinese and Seychelles-based entities, and a vessel involved in the transfer of metal products.
The administration also sanctioned eight senior Iranian officials who were involved in the missile attacks, including the secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council Ali Shamkhani, the deputy chief of staff of the Iranian armed forces Mohammad-Reza Ashtiani Araghi, and IRGC senior officer Gholamreza Soleimani.
On 12 January, at least four Iraqi soldiers were injured after seven mortars attacked an airbase in Baghdad that housed U.S. trainers.
Hours following the initial missile attacks on Iraq, and after the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration announced the NOTAM for the region, a Boeing 737-800 crashed shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport, killing all 176 passengers on board, including at least 130 Iranians.
A wave of anti-government protests emerged across Iran in response to the perceived cover-up, with some demanding the Ayatollah to resign.
British ambassador to Iran Robert Macaire was arrested and held in custody for more than an hour after attending a demonstration at Tehran's Amirkabir University of Technology.
Shortly after Trump's announcement regarding the 8January attack, influential cleric Muqtada al-Sadr urged his followers not to conduct any attacks against U.S. elements in Iraq.
Ignacy Czesław Łempicki (XVIIIth century) was a Polish military officer, Major General of Poland's Crown Army, Royal Adjutant General, Official of the Military Commission.
He was the son of Jan Łempicki, a colonel in the Crown Army; and Antonina Dudassy, daughter of Gabryel Dudassy, a Hungarian infantry colonel.
Russian minister plenipotentiary Nikolai Vasilyeich Repnin, in an attachment to the message to the President of the Foreign Affairs College of the Russian Empire Nikita Ivanovich Panin of October 2, 1767, described Łempicki as the MP responsible for the implementation of Russian plans at the 1767 Sejm for which the king is responsible.
He was educated at West Hartlepool Grammar School, the University of Manchester (BSc Engineering), Durham University (MSc), Templeton College, Oxford (MLitt Management Studies, 1997) and Green Templeton College, Oxford (MA).
He was Senior Advisor to both the Bank of England and Financial Services Authority from 1997 to 2000, and Chairman of Fairfield Energy from 2010 to 2016.
This article describes the correlations between stars' characteristics and the characteristics of the planets that orbit them, and other connections between stars and their planets.
Most stars have planets but exactly what proportion of stars have planets is uncertain because not all planets can yet be detected.
The radial-velocity method and the transit method (which between them are responsible for the vast majority of detections) are most sensitive to large planets in small orbits.
This 1.2% is more than double the frequency of hot jupiters detected by the Kepler spacecraft, which may be because the Kepler field of view covers a different region of the Milky Way where the metallicity of stars is different.
Based on this, it is estimated that perhaps 20% of Sun-like stars have at least one giant planet whereas at least 40% may have planets of lower mass.
Because the Milky Way has at least 200 billion stars, it must also contain tens or hundreds of billions of planets.
Most known exoplanets orbit stars roughly similar to the Sun, that is, main-sequence stars of spectral categories F, G, or K. One reason is that planet-search programs have tended to concentrate on such stars.
In addition, statistical analyses indicate that lower-mass stars (red dwarfs, of spectral category M) are less likely to have planets massive enough to be detected by the radial-velocity method.
Nevertheless, many planets around red dwarfs have been discovered by the Kepler spacecraft by the transit method, which can detect smaller planets.
Stars of spectral category A typically rotate very quickly, which makes it very difficult to measure the small Doppler shifts induced by orbiting planets because the spectral lines are very broad.
However, this type of massive star eventually evolves into a cooler red giant that rotates more slowly and thus can be measured using the radial-velocity method.
Observations using the Spitzer Space Telescope indicate that extremely massive stars of spectral category O, which are much hotter than the Sun, produce a photo-evaporation effect that inhibits planetary formation.
When the O-type star goes supernova any planets that had formed would become free-floating due to the loss of stellar mass unless the natal kick of the resulting remnant pushes it in the same direction as an escaping planet.
Fallback disks of matter that failed to escape orbit during a supernova may form planets around neutron stars and black holes.
Doppler surveys around a wide variety of stars indicate about 1 in 6 stars having twice the mass of the Sun are orbited by one or more Jupiter-sized planets, vs. 1 in 16 for Sun-like stars and only 1 in 50 for red dwarfs.
Kepler Space Telescope observations of planets with up to one year periods show that occurrence rates of Earth- to Neptune-sized planets (1 to 4 Earth radii) around M, K, G, and F stars are successively higher towards cooler, less massive stars.
At the low-mass end of star-formation are sub-stellar objects that don't fuse hydrogen: the brown dwarfs and sub-brown dwarfs, of spectral classification L,T and Y. Planets and protoplanetary disks have been discovered around brown dwarfs, and disks have been found around sub-brown dwarfs (e.g.
They also contain a small proportion of heavier elements, and this fraction is referred to as a star's metallicity (even if the elements are not metals in the traditional sense), denoted [m/H] and expressed on a logarithmic scale where zero is the Sun's metallicity.
A 2012 study of the Kepler spacecraft data found that smaller planets, with radii smaller than Neptune's were found around stars with metallicities in the range −0.6 < [m/H] < +0.5 (about four times less than that of the Sun to three times more), whereas larger planets were found mostly around stars with metallicities at the higher end of this range (at solar metallicity and above).
In this study small planets occurred about three times as frequently as large planets around stars of metallicity greater than that of the Sun, but they occurred around six times as frequently for stars of metallicity less than that of the Sun.
The lack of gas giants around low-metallicity stars could be because the metallicity of protoplanetary disks affects how quickly planetary cores can form and whether they accrete a gaseous envelope before the gas dissipates.
However, Kepler can only observe planets very close to their star and the detected gas giants probably migrated from further out, so a decreased efficiency of migration in low-metallicity disks could also partly explain these findings.
A 2014 study found that not only giant planets, but planets of all sizes have an increased occurrence rate around metal-rich stars compared to metal-poor stars, although the larger the planet, the greater this increase as the metallicity increases.
The study divided planets into three groups based on radius: gas giants, gas dwarfs, and terrestrial planets with the dividing lines at 1.7 and 3.9 Earth radii.
For these three groups the planet occurrence rates are 9.30, 2.03, and 1.72 times higher for metal-rich stars than for metal-poor stars, respectively.
There is a bias against detecting smaller planets because metal-rich stars tend to be larger, making it more difficult to detect smaller planets, which means that these increases in occurrence rates are lower limits.
Stellar multiplicity increases with stellar mass: the likelihood of stars being in multiple systems is about 25% for red dwarfs, about 45% for Sun-like stars, and rises to about 80% for the most massive stars.
55 Cancri, possibly Alpha Centauri Bb), and several circumbinary planets have been discovered which orbit around both members of binary star (e.g.
The Kepler results indicate circumbinary planetary systems are relatively common (as of October 2013 the spacecraft had found seven circumbinary planets out of roughly 1000 eclipsing binaries searched).
One puzzling finding is that although half of the binaries have an orbital period of 2.7 days or less, none of the binaries with circumbinary planets have a period less than 7.4 days.
Another surprising Kepler finding is circumbinary planets tend to orbit their stars close to the critical instability radius (theoretical calculations indicate the minimum stable separation is roughly two to three times the size of the stars' separation).
In 2014, from statisitcal studies of searches for companion stars, it was inferred that around half of exoplanet host stars have a companion star, usually within 100AU.
Follow-up studies with imaging (such as speckle imaging) are needed to find or rule out companions (and radial velocity techniques would be required to detect binaries really close together) and this has not yet been done for most exoplanet host stars.
Examples of known binary stars where it is not known which of the stars a planet orbits are Kepler-132 and Kepler-296, although a 2015 study found that the Kepler-296 planets were likely orbiting the brighter star.
Most stars form in open clusters, but very few planets have been found in open clusters and this led to the hypothesis that the open-cluster environment hinders planet formation.
However, a 2011 study concluded that there have been an insufficient number of surveys of clusters to make such a hypothesis.
Recent discoveries of both giant planets and low-mass planets in open clusters are consistent with there being similar planet occurrence rates in open clusters as around field stars.
David Frederick Bowers (20 October 1906, Pittsburg – 17 July 1945, Springfield, Massachusetts) was a philosophy professor, noteworthy as a Guggenheim Fellow.
In 1945 he was killed in a railroad train accident while en route with his wife and two children for a Vermont vacation.
This is a list of members of the European Parliament for Spain elected at the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain, and who served in the Ninth European Parliament.
Born in a Royal Air Force hospital in Wiltshire, UK, Bickers grew up living on Royal Air Force bases across England, in Germany, and in Hong Kong.
He studied Chinese language at SOAS University of London during the mid 1980s, including a year studying at the Beijing Language Institute in China.
In 1997 Bickers joined the Department of History at the University of Bristol, where he is a Professor of History and Associate Pro Vice-Chancellor.
He is the former co-director of the British Inter-university China Centre and the REACT Knowledge Exchange Hub and is currently Associate Pro Vice-Chancellor (PGR) at the University of Bristol.
Klobuchar recounts her childhood, education and her rise in politics, arguing that strategic alliances are the key to solving the nation’s problems.
Homie is a real estate platform that combines technology, software, and customer service to streamline the home buying or selling process.
In 2015, Homie was founded to modernize real estate transactions and pass the savings to its customers by removing thousands in fees and commissions.
With an official launch in June 2016, the goal is to allow buyers and sellers to gain more transparency and control over the process while still obtaining the support they need from Homie’s team of licensed agents, attorneys, and experts.
Homie received an $18.5 million valuation from a seed round of funding shortly after its launch and has grown quickly since then.
With rapidly increasing home prices and a limited number of homes for sale, Homie was able to create a niche in the real estate industry—helping homebuyers find a home within their budget.
This includes a local real estate agent, listing on MLS and other platforms, professional photos, yard signs, pricing assistance (CMA), an interactive mobile app, attorney assistance for contracts and negotiations.
According to a recent independent Utah real estate study, homes listed with Homie sell faster and for more money than similar homes listed by traditional brokerages.
Abdul Aziz Bin Khalid Al-Ghanim Al Maadeed (, 1903 - 1998) was a Qatari diplomat and the first chairman of the Consultative Assembly of Qatar.
Bluebird was a prestige brand for Universal and had a core of actors and directors including Lovely who worked for it.
In November 2018, Biljana Borzan was appointed as the European Parliament's rapporteur on women rights in the Western Balkans in order to help women in Croatia.
At the 2019 European Parliament election, Europe overall was said to have poor gender representation of MEPs elected, in Croatia 6 of the 12 MEPs elected were women.
President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen appointed three women from Balkan countries to her commission as part of scheme to promote women, one of which was Dubravka Suica, to serve as the vice-president for Democracy and Demography.
Croatia uses gender quotas in their elections to the European Parliament, and have been praised for their gender representation among elected politicians.
It was intended to be a romantic allegorical account of Maximilian’s own participation in a series of jousting tournaments in the guise of the tale’s eponymous hero, Freydal.
In the story, Freydal takes part in the tournaments to prove that he is worthy to marry a princess, who is a fictionalised representation of Maximilian’s late wife, Mary of Burgundy.
However, 256 miniature paintings to accompany the text were created by court painters, and 255 of them are preserved in an illuminated manuscript ‘tournament book’ held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
These miniatures vividly record the different types of jousts that were popular at the time as well as the court masquerades, or ‘mummeries’, that took place at the end of the day after each tournament.
Maximilian I, and his father Frederick III, were part of what was to become a long line of Holy Roman Emperors from the House of Habsburg.
During his reign, Maximilian commissioned a number of humanist scholars and artists to assist him in completing a series of projects, in different art forms, intended to glorify for posterity his life and deeds and those of his Habsburg ancestors.
He staged many tournaments, including those to celebrate his wedding to Mary of Burgundy in 1477, his coronation as King of the Romans in 1486 and on the occasion of the First Congress of Vienna in 1515.
His instructions on the subjects to be illustrated as well as corrections, in his own hand, of some of the proofs have survived.
These were painted on paper in gouache with gold and silver highlights over pen, pencil and leadpoint by two dozen anonymous court artists under the direction of the imperial master-taylor.
All but one of the paintings are preserved in an illuminated manuscript ‘tournament book’ held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
Although, Maximilian never succeeded in doing this and the text only remained a draft, five of the illustrations were trial printed.
These were from woodcuts made in about 1516 by Albrecht Dürer, albeit the cutting was somewhat rough; a sixth woodcut has been attributed to Lucas Cranach the Elder.
Each is hosted by one of the finest courts in the land and comprises two different types of jousting on horse and a foot combat, followed by a masquerade ball.
Once all the tournaments are completed, Freydal receives a letter from one of the noble ladies who, it transpires, is a powerful queen; in the letter, she professes her love for him.
However, the tournaments described are based on encounters Maximilian actually had, as evidenced by a list of people involved in the story in the first seven quires of the draft text and who are known to have existed and been courtiers.
The miniatures in the tournament book manuscript illustrate the types of jousting popular at the time, both on horse and on foot.
After each of the sixty-four tournaments is a scene depicting a moresca (a pantomime dance) or other post-tournament festivities with male courtiers, including the knights who had competed in the tournament, dressing up to dance in a variety of exotic costumes.
The male courtiers in the mummeries in the manuscript dress up, amongst other things, in costumes based on nationality or ethnicity, for example Turkish, Venetian or Burgundian costume, or as animals such as apes and creatures with bird's heads.
Born in Stuttgart, Küster studied musicology, Medieval and Modern History and Comparative Regional Studies at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and received his doctorate in 1989 with a thesis on the design of the first movements in Mozart's concerts (Kassel 1991).
Küster's spectrum of research covers a wide range from the music of the Middle Ages to the Protestant musical culture of the 16th to 19th centuries (especially Heinrich Schütz and Johann Sebastian Bach) and on to First Viennese School.
The museum has a collection of around 200 cars belonging to Sheikh Hamad bin Hamdan Al Nahyan in a pyramid building.
Sefaattin Tongay is a materials scientist at Arizona State University and serves as an associate editor at Applied Physics Reviews journal, published by the American Institute of Physics (AIP).
He has been awarded the National Science Foundation CAREER Award and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, More recently, his work has seen him identified as one of the most influential researchers over the past decade by Clarivate Analytics and Web of Science.
Based on Google scholar statistics, he is one of the top 10 researchers in the world in quantum materials and top 50 in 2D materials field.
He studied materials physics at the University of Florida, obtaining his Ph.D. under Prof. Dr. Arthur F. Hebard, before going on in 2011 to undertake a three-year postgraduate fellowship in materials science and engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.
His notable and most cited work includes the discovery of exciton complexes 2D crystals, defects engineering in vdW crystals, layered material growth, 2D materials and their superlattices, graphene based devices, and graphene solar cells.
His Ph.D work has led to the first discovery of graphene based solar cells, graphene based high-power devices, and other 2D material based platforms.
His work at University of California, Berkeley marked the discovery of new class of 2D anisotropic semiconductor, Rhenium disulfide (ReS2), which is another type of 2D material like graphene except semiconducting.
He introduced new exciton complexes in the field and established novel 2D material growth techniques that are commonly used in academia and industry.
His research team at Arizona State University has focused on defects engineering in 2D quantum materials, 2D alloying, van der Waals epitaxy growth of quantum materials, 2D anisotropic materials, and electron microscopy.
His major contributions to the field includes novel crystal growth techniques for vdW materials and quantum materials, the discovery of Moire excitons in 2Ds, Band alignment in 2D heterojunctions, the discovery of quintons, 2D phase change alloys, the discovery of bright/dark excitons, and the engineering of 2D anisotropic materials.
Frances Y. Kuo is an applied mathematician known for her research on low-discrepancy sequences and quasi-Monte Carlo methods for numerical integration and finite element analysis.
Originally from Taiwan, she was educated in New Zealand, and works in Australia as a professor in applied mathematics at the University of New South Wales.
She moved to New Zealand in 1994, and became a student at the University of Waikato, completing a bachelor of computing and mathematical sciences with honours in 1998, and a PhD in 2001.
After a year as an assistant lecturer at Waikato, Kuo moved to the University of New South Wales (UNSW) to do postdoctoral research with Ian Sloan.
Arthur Conover Thomson (April 16, 1871 - December 16, 1946) was an American prelate who served as the third Bishop of Southern Virginia between 1930 and 1937.
Thomson was born on April 16, 1871 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, the son of the Reverend Elliot Heber Thomson and Jeanette Risdelle Conover.
On April 25, 1895 he was ordained a priest by Bishop Francis McNeece Whittle of Virginia in St George's Church, Fredericksburg, Virginia.
Thomson was elected Suffragan Bishop of Southern Virginia in 1917 and was consecrated on September 27, 1917 by Presiding Bishop Daniel S. Tuttle in Trinity Church, Portsmouth, Virginia.
On May 26, 1919 he was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Southern Virginia while on January 17, 1930, he succeeded as diocesan Bishop of Southern Virginia.
Ebagoola is the site of the Ebagoola Township and Battery, a former mining camp built from 1900 until 1913, which was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on the 15th of May 2006.
The 2020 Memphis 901 FC season is the second season for Memphis 901 FC in the USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada.
This article covers the period from October 21, 2019 to the conclusion of the USL Championship Playoff Final, scheduled for November 12-16, 2020.
Memphis finished their inaugural season of 2019 in 15th place among the 18-team eastern conference, five spots below the playoff positions, although they did enter the final week of the regular season with a mathematical chance of making the playoffs.
The club announced in November that nine players, mostly starters, from the inaugural season would be retained for the 2020 campaign.
In baseball, a home run is credited to a batter when he hits a fair ball and reaches home safely on the same play, without the benefit of an error.
Fifty-eight different players have hit two home runs in an inning of a Major League Baseball (MLB) game to date, the most recent being Edwin Encarnación of the Seattle Mariners on April 8, 2019.
Regarded as a notable achievement, five players have accomplished the feat more than once in their career; no player has ever hit more than two home runs in an inning.
Charley Jones was the first player to hit two home runs in one inning, doing so for the Boston Red Stockings against the Buffalo Bisons on June 10, 1880.
Bobby Lowe and Mike Cameron finished their respective games with a total of four home runs, equaling the record for most home runs in one game.
Both of the home runs hit by Fernando Tatís in the third inning for the St. Louis Cardinals on April 23, 1999, were grand slams.
Not only did he tie the record for most grand slams in one game, Tatís became the only player to hit two grand slams in the same inning and established a new major league record with eight runs batted in (RBI) in a single inning.
A decade later, Alex Rodriguez set the single-inning American League record for RBIs with seven when he hit a three-run home run and a grand slam in the sixth inning for the New York Yankees on October 4, 2009.
Bret Boone and Cameron are the only players to each hit two home runs in one inning on the same day (May 2, 2002), in the same game, in the same inning (the first), in a pair of back-to-back at bats, and as teammates (playing for the Seattle Mariners).
Bill Regan has the fewest career home runs among players who have two home runs in one inning with 18, while Alex Rodriguez, with 696, hit more home runs than any other player in this group and amassed the fourth most in major league history.
Willie McCovey, Mark McGwire, David Ortiz, Rodriguez, Gary Sheffield, and Sammy Sosa are also members of the 500 home run club.
Of the 43 players eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame who have hit two home runs in an inning, six have been elected, two on the first ballot.
Players are eligible for the Hall of Fame if they have played in at least 10 MLB seasons, and have either been retired for five seasons or deceased for at least six months.
These requirements leave four players ineligible who are active, five players ineligible who are living and have played in the past five seasons, and six players ineligible who did not play in 10 seasons.
In 1946, she met the painter Jiro Yoshihara (who later founded the Gutai group) when he instructed an art workshop she attended in Ashiya.
Other solo exhibitions included shows at Ashiya City Museum of Art and History (2004); Galerie Almine Rech in Paris (2010); and at Take Ninagawa in Tokyo (2013 and 2015).
For the Gutai group's first show (1955), in Tokyo, Yamazaki arranged a series of 25 dyed tin cans upon the floor.
The Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving is a celebration of the harvest and food grown on the land in the United Kingdom.
The festival is also about giving thanks for all the good and positive things in our lives such as family and friendships.
Harvest Festival in the United Kingdom takes place on the Sunday closest to the harvest moon, the full moon occurring closest to the autumnal equinox.
This therefore can either occur at the end of September or at the beginning of October depending when the harvest moon takes place.
Though the Sunday is Harvest Thanksgiving day, many parades, festivals and services occur on other separate dates around this time also.
The 29th Signal Battalion is a battalion of the US Army formed on 20 March 1942 as the 29th Signal Construction Battalion and activated on 10 April 1942 at Camp Gordon, Georgia.
The unit served under federal control during WWII, and was allotted to the regular army in 1950, serving in Germany and France during the Cold War.
The unit was constituted 20 March 1942 in the Army of the United States as the 29th Signal Construction Battalion and activated 10 April 1942 at Camp Gordon, Georgia.
John Grainger DD from St. Thomas Church, to serve those working on the Railway, and Docks, East Wall (then known as North Lotts) being its catchment area.
Grainger just before the new church was completed in 1869 was Rev William Daunt served as rector until 1872, when Rev Harry Fletcher held the role as Rector from 1872 until 1899.
Edward Morgan Griffin BD MA, rector from 1899 to 1918, writing a biography of him, and also dedicating the second volume of his autobiography to Rev.
The Church closed in 1965 and joined North Strand (Waterloo Avenue) and Drumcondra Church to form the United Parish of Drumcondra, North Strand, and Saint Barnabas.
North Strand was renamed North Strand and St. Barnabas officially, the plaque commemorating World War II was moved to North Strand, as was the Roll of Honour from St. Barnabas parish from the Great war.
The Bell from the church (donated by Rector Daunt) is now in Church of Ireland, St. Pauls (French Church), Portarlington, County Laois.
It was established in 1940 when the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association wanted more control over international hockey, and was in disagreement with the definition of amateur used by the International Olympic Committee.
In the wake of Canada not winning the gold medal in ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) pushed for an updated definition of amateur that met the realities of present-day sport in Canada, and would permit Canada to use its best non-professional players at international competitions.
The revisions were led by W. G. Hardy and George Dudley on behalf of the CAHA, and were opposed by the Amateur Athletic Union of Canada (AAU of C) and its president W. A. Fry.
After the CAHA split ways from the AAU of C, the American union terminated its working agreement with the CAHA that allowed for the transferring of players and exhibition games between the two countries.
American hockey promoter Tommy Lockhart recognized the need for a national governing body to efficiently manage hockey within the United States, rather than several different groups.
In September 1938, the CAHA and AHAUS reached a working agreement which regulated international games in North America, set out provisions for transfer of players between the organizations, and recognized of each other's authority.
Since both the CAHA and the Amateur Athletic Union were members of Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG), the American union protested the CAHA affiliation with AHAUS.
The CAHA felt that AHAUS was the most comprehensive ice hockey governing body in the United States, and stayed with the 1938 agreement.
The decision would potentially lose Canada its membership in the LIHG, and the ability to compete at the Ice Hockey World Championships or ice hockey at the Olympic Games.
By then, the AAU of C decided to adopt the definition of amateur as laid out by the respective world governing body of each sport as recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and looked to bring the CAHA back under its jurisdiction.
On April 15, 1940, the CAHA and AHAUS agreed to form a new governing body known tentatively as the International Ice Hockey League, and invited the British Ice Hockey Association (BIHA) to join.
A constitution for the new association was delegated to a committee including future CAHA presidents Hanson Taylor Dowell and W. B. George.
Amateur and junior ice hockey teams in Canada were upset about losing players to professional leagues without compensation, and Hardy set about to negotiate reimbursement of the Canadian teams when a player became professional.
The CAHA had introduced player contracts for the 1940–41 season, with the goal to keep junior-aged and amateur players under service in Canada instead of leaving for professional leagues.
In September 1940, Hardy announced a one-year agreement was reached with the National Hockey League (NHL) to reimburse the amateur associations, which included $250 for signing an amateur and another $250 if the amateur played in the NHL.
The new professional-amateur agreement was signed by Frank Calder on behalf of the NHL in October 1940, and also applied to leagues in the BIHA and the Eastern Amateur Hockey League in the United States.
The distribution of the development funds from the NHL was based on the service time the amateur had with each respective club.
He committed to decide on all application within 15 days to expedite transfers and reinstatements due to wartime enlistments and travel restrictions.
Calder reported there was a general agreement with the amateur leagues that a junior-aged player should be able to determine his own financial future due to the war.
In 1943, Hardy recommended adjustments in amateur payments for players becoming professional, since many later enlisted shortly after signing a contract.
Hardy ruled that since the league operated under affiliation with AHAUS, the existing international transfer rules and professional–amateur agreement would apply to the new league.
In May 1946, the NHL proposed a flat payment of $20,000 to cover all players being signed to professional contracts, whereas the CAHA requested $2000 for any player remaining in the NHL for more than a year.
Hardy felt the CAHA was at a disadvantage to press too hard, and wanted to maintain good relations with the NHL and AHAUS.
The flat rate offer was later accepted with the stipulation that a junior-aged player could sign a contract at age 16, but not play professional until age 18.
Lockhart threatened to resign as vice-president and withdraw AHAUS from the association in January 1947, after the CAHA requested a $100 fee for international transfers.
Another a motion of confidence was passed in the International Ice Hockey Association, and closer relationships between the CAHA, AHAUS and the BIHA.
In April 1945, Hardy envisioned an amateur hockey World Series after World War II, involving teams from Canada, the United States, England and Scotland.
The proposed series would be an annual event between the North American and European champion to begin in 1947 or 1948.
Hardy expected hockey to grow after the war, and said proper rules had been established to limited transfers and prevent raiding of Canadian rosters.
The association met in August 1946 in New York City, along with guests from the Scottish Ice Hockey Association, French and Swedish associations.
A proposal would also be submitted for the Ice Hockey World Championships to alternate between Europe and North America, with the Olympic hockey tournaments played under the same rules as the CAHA and the NHL.
Hardy's resolution from 1941 stated the merger was acceptable if the CAHA definition of amateur was approved, the membership and voting system was acceptable to the CAHA, and that AHAUS be admitted as a member to the merged organization.
The CAHA attended the LIHG meeting during the 1947 Ice Hockey World Championships in Prague, and pushed for the definition of amateur to be anyone not actively engaged in professional sport.
Incoming CAHA president Allan Pickard stated that the CAHA and AHAUS would operate with complete autonomy under the structure of the agreement to join the LIHG.
The LIHG agreed to a merger where the presidency would alternate between North America and Europe every three years, and recognized AHAUS as the governing body of hockey in the United States.
A decision on increased voting power for the CAHA was deferred, and the CAHA was permitted to have its own definition of amateur as long as teams at the Olympic games adhered to existing LIHG rules.
The LIHG was renamed the International Ice Hockey Federation in 1948, and Hardy served as its president from 1948 to 1951.
In 2019, a video of remarks made by Tim Montgomerie at a meeting hosted by the Danube Institute was published, creating a controversy regarding his views on the Hungarian government.
She was confirmed by the Senate as director on December 12, 2019 by a 52-39 vote, and is the first black director of the Fish and Wildlife Service.
Prior to her appointment as director, Skipwith was the Department of the Interior's Deputy Assistant Secretary of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and previously worked for Monsanto and other agricultural corporations.
Skipwith received her undergraduate degree in Biology from Howard University in 2003, a master's degree in molecular genetics from Purdue University, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Kentucky College of Law.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Aleksandr Ivanovich Blagonravov (; – 28 May 1962) was a Soviet military engineer and designer who worked on the designs of armoured vehicles prior to, during, and after the Second World War.
Blagonravov began his military career by joining the Red Army and studied at the , afterwards embarking on a career working in teaching and the designs of armoured vehicles.
His work included the epicyclic gearing mechanisms employed on the T-34 and IS-2 tank designs, the latter work winning him the Stalin Prize in 1943.
He took up leadership roles in the People's Commissariat of Defence of the Soviet Union towards the end of the war, later serving in the Scientific-Tank Committee in the Ministry of Defence's Main Armoured Directorate, and as Head of the Tank Department of the Military Academy of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army.
Blagonravov wrote a number of academic works, was a Candidate of Technical Sciences, and a docent, while reaching the rank of Engineer Lieutenant General.
His son, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blagonravov, followed in his father's footsteps, serving as chief designer of Kurganmashzavod and playing an important role in the development of the BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles.
Blagonravov later became chairman of the Scientific-Tank Committee of the Main Armoured Directorate of the Ministry of Defence, and between 1959 and 1962 was head of the Directorate.
Between 1951 and 1954 he was Head of the Tank Department of the Military Academy of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army.
Blagonravov married Elizaveta Alekseevna Zvereva (1905-1991), a lieutenant colonel, head of production workshops, and a lecturer at the Military Armoured Forces Academy.
Their son, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blagonravov, followed in his father's footsteps, serving as chief designer of Kurganmashzavod and playing an important role in the development of the BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles.
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blagonravov (; 24 May 1933 – 1 January 2020) was a Soviet and later Russian military engineer and designer who worked on the designs of armoured vehicles.
Born the son of a military engineer who worked on tank designs during the time of the Second World War, Blagonravov followed in his father's footsteps.
After studying at the Military Academy of the Armoured Forces, he began a long association with the academic study of problems relating to mechanised military vehicles.
He taught and researched at the academy after graduation, and also served briefly as a deputy battalion commander in the 4th Guards Tank Division.
Blagonravov left the academy in 1974, taking up the position of chief designer at Kurganmashzavod, a state enterprise that designed and produced infantry fighting vehicles.
Under his leadership the designs of the BMP-2 and BMP-3 were brought to fruition, entering service with the Soviet Armed Forces.
Stepping down as chief designer in 1989, Blagonravov continued to live and work in Kurgan, teaching at Kurgan State University and producing a number of academic works.
Blagonravov was born on 24 May 1933 in Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in the Soviet Union.
He was the son of Aleksandr Ivanovich Blagonravov, a military engineer who worked on the T-34 and IS-2 tank designs, and had been awarded the Stalin Prize.
He entered the Military Academy of the Armoured Forces in 1951, eventually working on the theory of turning tracked vehicles, and then in the field of transmissions, turning mechanisms, and continuously variable transmissions for his dissertation.
From 1957 to 1961 he was a junior research fellow at the Academy, and then from 1961 to 1962 was a deputy battalion commander in the 4th Guards Tank Division, based in the city of Naro-Fominsk.
From 1962 Blagonravov was back at the Military Academy of the Armoured Forces, serving as a senior researcher, and then senior lecturer, until 1974.
Alongside work to finalise the BMP-2 and bring it into mass production, Blagonravov and the team of designers at Kurganmashzavod began work on a next-generation version of the vehicle in 1976, which was finalised and entered service in 1987 as the BMP-3.
He was also given the title of , Honorary Citizen of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of Kurgan in 2000, and .
It was attended by some 300 people, including members of Kurganmashzavod and former members of the government of the Kurgan region, including ex-governor Oleg Bogomolov and his former deputy .
Spike is an email application for Windows, MacOS, iOS, Android and the web, which enables users to view email in a chat-like, conversational format, with additional features built-in.
Founded in 2013 by Erez Pilosof and Dvir Ben-Aroya, Spike is a software application that puts existing e-mails into a multimedia messaging, chat-like interface enhanced with video and voice calls.
Based in Herzliya, Israel, the developers completed a $5 million funding round in 2019, including investment from Wix.com and NFX Capital.
Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint, sometimes called Rahlfs' Septuagint or Rahlfs' Septuaginta, is a critical edition of the Septuagint published for the first time in 1935 by the German philologist Alfred Rahlfs.
Paul Young is a New Zealand politician who is an Auckland Councillor and a board member of the Counties Manukau District Health Board.
He later contested the Botany seat in the 2011 general election and 2014 general election, while affiliated to the Conservative Party.
In 1990, on the last day of her freshman year, she became paralyzed after a seat belt broke and threw her into the backseat.
During the 1995–96 season, she was named to the United States women's national wheelchair basketball team to compete at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.
In 2004, she was named to the United States women's national wheelchair basketball team that won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.
Zivile Pinskuvienė (born 21 February 1975) is a Lithuanian politician, who was the leader of the Labour Party from 2016 to 2017.
Along with Bernard Fonlon and Carlson Anyangwe he authored the 'The New Social Order' which claimed that the English-Speaking regions of Cameroons had the right to succeed from Cameroon.
Eburne Bridge, North Arm Bridge, Sea Island Bridge, or Middle Arm Bridge, was consecutive crossings over the north and middle arms of the Fraser River in Metro Vancouver.
In 1888, the San Francisco Bridge Co. began work on the two timber truss bridges, with steel swing spans, connecting north Eburne with Lulu Island via the eastern tip of south Eburne.
Completed in November 1889, the set of bridges opened that December, and the Municipality of Richmond assumed responsibility for their maintenance.
On January 3, 1890, an ice sheet carried by the incoming tide destroyed the Lulu Island span, which remained out of service for most of 1890.
Over the decades, river traffic found the narrow spans difficult to navigate, and the first collision causing structural damage was 1891.
To provide two more years life, the plan was to replace the two wooden swings with steel swing spans, and replace the trestle approaches, but extensive rot in the piers revised the project to a complete rebuild.
In 1919–20, 100 feet of asphalt were laid as an experimental surface, and the turning gear for the swing spans became electrically powered.
During 1924–25, Nickson Construction and Hamilton Bridge Works commenced building combined steel and timber bridges to replace the existing ones, with the new decks asphalted the following year.
For 1942–43, major repairs included new piling in the protection piers, new dolphins, and extensive timber replacement in the Howe trusses.
5 received a new 130-foot Howe truss, new ties and deck, and solid fill replaced the approach trestles to the southeast.
Increasing vehicle backups, due to openings for river traffic, delayed travel to Vancouver International Airport, owned by Vancouver City up to 1961.
During the planning stage, the Oak Street Bridge, opened in 1957, was known as the New Marpole Bridge, becoming its replacement.
The new crossing configuration created a more circuitous route between Vancouver and the airport, causing traffic delays when the Moray Bridge opened for boats.
Peter William Humphrey, born in , commonly known by Han Feilong () in China, is a former British journalist and private detective, who became famous in media for his arrest by the Shanghai Police due to his illegal acquisition of personal data of Chinese citizens.
After released from China in 2018, after 2 years' detention, he claimed Shanghai to be the most corrupt city in China and described the torment he had suffered at Qingpu Prison to global media.
However, his claims to have been tortured at Qingpu , and the claimed appeals on the charity cards, has been strongly denied by Chinese government and media.
In 2003, he founded a risk management company called ChinaWhys (), whose websites claimed to provide creative solutions to tricky business problems in China.
In 2004, he and his Chinese American wife Yu Yingzeng founded Shelian Consultation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, whose clients were mostly large multinational corporations in China.
The company hired dozens of employees, among which Humphrey was the general manager of the company and his wife the legal representative.
In March 2013, secretly filmed sex tapes of Mark Rilley, GlaxoSmithKline's then head in China, were emailed to 13 senior executives of the company, including the CEO Andrew Witty, in March 2013.
On 18 August 2013, Humphrey and his wife was arrested by Shanghai police due to their illegal acquisition of person data of Chinese citizens.
According to Xinhua, the information included the family member's information, the content of household register, the information of real estate ownership, car ownership, telephone records, and the records of leaving and entering China.
The court made the ruling where Humphrey should be held for 2 and a half year and pay a fine of 200 thousand RMB before deported from China.
Although his wife Yu Yingzeng was a US citizen, the court considered her personal conditions and criminal conditions and did not expel her from China.
Yu said she never knew acquiring third-hand personal data was illegal in Mainland China and admitted they had done similar investigations in Hong Kong and other areas.
Humphrey once said during his detention before the trial that he was deceived by GlaxoSmithKline, which did not tell him details of the severity of the company's bribery.
According to Chinese media the Paper, a former Chinese female executive at GlaxoSmithKline China's government affairs department who was born in 1964, should have been involved in reporting the company's bribery to the senior executives of the company and the Chinese government, as said by some employees of other foreign pharmaceutical companies in China interviewed by the Paper.
Humphrey was diagnosed with prostate cancer, which Humphrey claimed to be worsened by poor conditions and delayed treatment in the prison.
In March 2017, they sued GlaxoSmithKline as they believed that GlaxoSmithKline misled them to unpredictable legal risk and sought for compensations, while GlaxoSmithKline believed such accusation to be unreasonable.
In the article, it was reported that a girl from Tooting, South London, England found help information in a charity card bought from Tesco.
Humphrey said that the father of the girl contacted Humphrey so he wrote the article, and he also claimed to know who wrote the information.Yunguang, the printing company which made the cards, said this news was faked.
In June 2019 he set a new world record of 10.45s in the 100 metres T12 event at the Bislett Games.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships he won the gold medal in the men's 100 metres T12 event with a time of 10.54s.
At the 2019 Norwegian Athletics Championships he won the gold medal in the men's 100 metres with a time of 10.37s.
He won a number of school championships in his youth before reaching the finals of the Auckland Schoolboys' Championship at the age of 13, losing to a student named JB Williams (caddie Steve Williams' father).
During this era he was also invited to play in amateur tournaments in South Africa but, because he is Maori, he decided not to travel, circumspect of how he would be treated in the apartheid country.
He sporadically played in Europe in his first year, participating in the 1963 Open Championship won by Bob Charles, but the weather did not appeal to him and he returned to New Zealand.
The following year, he won his first important professional tournament, tying Frank Phillips at the West End Tournament in Victor Harbor, Australia.
The following year, he tied for second at the Metalcraft Tournament in his home country of New Zealand, three behind Australian legend Peter Thomson.
Godfrey shot a course record 65 during on Friday to get into contention and could have won if it were not for Kel Nagle's 64 – usurping Godfrey's own course record – on Sunday.
Two months later, on 10 December, he entered the final round of the BP Tournament, held near his hometown in Auckland, New Zealand, tied with Peter Thomson.
On the final hole, however, Thomson drove into the trees and made bogey while Godfrey birdied, exchanging the lead once more, giving the New Zealander the win.
He describes these victories as his greatest successes because he defeated legendary golfers Kel Nagle and Peter Thomson at both of them.
He held the clubhouse lead at the New Zealand PGA Championship before Bob Shaw birdied the 72nd hole to win outright.
Two weeks later, on 28 November 1971 he finished third in the New Zealand Open, Godfrey's best finish in his national open since his amateur days.
Godfrey shot a final round 67 (−3) at the Fanling Golf Course to avenge his loss to Murakami, defeating Japanese star by two shots.
Like the previous year, he shot a course record in the second round, this time being a seven-under par 63, tying Kel Nagle for the lead.
Godfrey came from behind to tie Nagle in the final round however he bogeyed the 18th hole while Nagle birdied it providing the deciding two shot differential.
He took a job as a club professional at Subang National Golf Club in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia where he worked for five years.
Clemens of Saxony (Clemens Maria Joseph Nepomuk Aloys Vincenz Xaver Franz de Paula Franz de Valois Joachim Benno Philipp Jakob; 1 May 1798 – 4 January 1822) was a prince of Saxony.
He was the second son of Prince Maximilian of Saxony (1759–1838) and his first wife, Princess Carolina of Parma (1770–1804), daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma.
Clemens was born in Dresden, one of the seven children of Maximilian of Saxony by his first wife Princess Carolina of Parma.
His father was a son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, while his mother was a daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma.
He was raised alongside his two brothers, the future kings Frederick Augustus II and Johann I. Clemens was a young boy during the time of the Napoleonic wars and had to flee from his home several times; he and his family were forced to sleep on straw wherever they could find shelter.
After visiting Paris and the capitals of southern Germany, Clemens and Frederick Augustus returned to Dresden in October, where they continued their studies with their younger brother Johann.
Born in Lebanon to Lebanese parents, Ahmed grew up in Nigeria and attended Twin Fountains School, Warri, Delta State, for his primary education and later Lebanon for his secondary education.
Ahmed Mazloum Currently serves as the Managing Director of Unitop International Limited, Executive Director of Unitop Catering Services Limited and Bobcat Construction Services Limited.
Upon his discharge from the Army, he came to Nigeria and was employed by Unitop International Limited, Warri, as Operations Manager.
In 2005, he was promoted to the position of Head, Marine Operations, after which he was appointed as the Managing Director of Unitop International Limited.
The house is one of several Seyfarth-designed buildings in Highland Park and a rare example of the Shingle style in the city.
It shows the common subject in the Nativity art of the visit by the Three Kings to the infant Jesus, here given a grand theatrical treatment by including their spectacular and exotic retinues.
It has been in the National Museum of Ancient Art in Lisbon since 2016, when its acquisition was the object of a sucessful and much-publicised crowdfunding campaign, the first of its kind in the country.
The star is depicted as a luminous white circle of light up in the sky, from which seeps a faint luminescence that lights up the characters; a more distinct diagonal ray of light shines directly onto Jesus and Mary in the centre of the composition.
The Magi are before the Holy Family; two, Melchior and Balthazar, kneel holding up the gifts of gold and myrrh in ornate and bejewelled boxes, the other, Caspar, is prostrate and behind him stands a page holding the gift of frankincense.
Not only the Magi, but the crowd of around 150 figures that surround them are dressed in elaborate exotic robes, turbans and caps resembling fezzes.
Some of them bear prominent status symbols, such as richly-decorated cloaks and headgear, processional canopies, horses with elaborate reins and harnesses, and one is carried inside an elaborate carriage on the back of an elephant.
A small group of dignitaries to the left seems to be discussing the nature of the light above (possibly astronomers); a harried soldier shoves a group of young men out of the way; a shepherd on the foreground seems to be preparing to immolate a sheep.
There also seem to be subtle visual references to the prophecy of Isaiah: the rubble of the ruined Jerusalem from , the women carrying lap children from (alternatively, a reference to the Massacre of the Innocents), the camels from .
The scene is framed by the crowd, the Romantic vague suggestion of ruins and a misty pale sky, with a dramatic horizon painted as an open 'V' shape, guiding the view towards the focal point of the composition: Jesus on Mary's arms.
The painting was completed in Castel Gandolfo, near Rome, in the summer of 1828, during a very particular time in the author's life.
To prepare the work, Sequeira made a main preparatory study, in charcoal and white chalk, on the same scale as the final painting.
Then, he made individual, detailed sketches of some of the figures, to hone postures, gestures, and facial expressions: there are more than twenty-five such sketches.
These are all part of the collections of the National Museum of Ancient Art; they were purchased for the , an institutional ancestor of the museum, in 1878, following the death of the .
The work remained with the descendants of Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela, who bought it in 1845 from Sequeira's daughter Mariana Benedita, along with the four other paintings that comprise the Palmela Series, until 2016.
The painting then underwent restoration by the Museum's Department for Conservation and Restoration, for two months: even though it was in very good state of preservation, restorers removed applications of old oxidised varnish that gave the painting a yellowish hue and concealed some detail, as well as minor overpainting.
The restoration work revealed new information about the painting, namely, that Sequeira had used his own fingerprints to give texture to the mantles of the Magi, and that the artist made very little alteration to the compositions seen in the underdrawing.
The painting was unveiled on 14 July 2016, on the same day as the newly-renovated gallery of 12th to 19th-century Portuguese painting and sculpture.
Pergolizzi served as the head football coach at Saint Francis University in Loretto, Pennsylvania from 1989 to 1994, compiling a record o 2 5–33–2.
After retiring from coaching, he embarked on a career in collegiate sports administration, serving as the athletic director Saint Francis from 1995 to 1998, East Tennessee State University from 1998 to 2000, Southeastern Louisiana University from 2000 to 2007, and West Virginia University Institute of Technology from 2009 to 2013.
During the inaugural tournament of the FIH Pro League in 2019, 't Serstevens was a member of the Belgian side that finished in fifth place.
Salum Ageze Kashafali qualified to represent Norway after winning the gold medal in the men's 100 metres T12 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Birgit Skarstein qualified to represent Norway after winning the gold medal in the PR1 Women's single sculls event at the 2019 World Rowing Championships.
Sonja Jennie Tobiassen, Paul Aksel Johansen, Monica Lillehagen and Heidi Kristin Soerlie-Rogne qualified to represent Norway at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
The video was shot in monochrome and shows her performing the song on a grand piano in a large empty recording studio.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
He served as the head football coach at Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina from 1985 to 1990, compiling a record of 29–38–1.
The magazine expanded in February 2000 to incorporate a wider range of content on Japanese culture, such as photography from Nobuyoshi Araki and reviews by Heinz Insu Fenkl, nearly doubling the size of the print edition in the process.
In 2010 Viz launched the literary imprint Viz Signature and the digital distribution platform SigIKKI, both of which publish manga aimed at adult audiences.
He served as the head football coach at Bluefield State College in Bluefield, West Virginia from 1959 to 1961 and Howard University in Washington, D.C. from 1962 to 1968 and from 1970 to 1972, compiling a career college football coaching record of 53–58–1.
A native of York, Pennsylvania, Sease graduated from Bluefield State in 1948 and later earned a master's degree in education from Columbia University.
From 1948 to 1956, he was the athletic director at Christiansburg Institute in Christiansburg, Virginia, where he also coached football, basketball, and baseball.
Sease returned to Bluefield State in 1956, where he worked as an assistant football and basketball coach under Sam B. Taylor for three years.
She was a member of the junior national team for three years, including at the 2016 FIH Junior World Cup in Santiago where the team finished sixth.
During the inaugural tournament of the FIH Pro League in 2019, Duquesne was a member of the Belgian side that finished in fifth place.
Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 (PS752) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Tehran to Kiev operated by Ukraine International Airlines (UIA).
On 8January 2020, the Boeing 737-800 operating the route was shot down shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport.
Iranian aviation authorities initially denied the airplane was hit by a missile and said a technical error was responsible, while Ukrainian authorities, after initially deferring to Iran's explanation, said a shoot-down of the flight was one of their main working theories.
Investigation by western intelligence agencies and the general public had revealed the aircraft had been shot down by a Tor-M1 surface-to-air missile launched by Iran, then three days later, on 11 January, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said they had shot down the aircraft after mistaking it for a cruise missile; they fired two surface-to-air missiles on the aircraft.
The incident occurred during the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis, at a time of heightened tensions five days after U.S. president Donald Trump ordered a drone strike (which killed Iranian major general Qasem Soleimani) in Iraq in retaliation for the breaching of the U.S. embassy in Baghdad by Iranian Militia Group Kataib Hezbollah and hours after Iran's retaliatory ballistic missile attacks.
It was preceded by an order from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that all American civilian aircraft avoid Iranian airspace and was followed by similar orders by several other nations and airlines including Ukraine.
Experts have questioned Iran's decision to not close its airspace after launching missiles; General Amir Ali Hajizadeh said a request had been made for a no-fly zone before the incident but this request was rejected.
As a result of the aircraft shoot down and perceived government deception, mass protests broke out in Iran calling for the removal of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
The crash came about four hours after Iran launched retaliatory missile strikes on U.S. positions in Iraq for the killing of Major General Qasem Soleimani.
The flight was operated by Ukraine International Airlines, the flag carrier and the largest airline of Ukraine, on a scheduled flight from the Iranian capital Tehran's Imam Khomeini International Airport to Boryspil International Airport in the Ukrainian capital Kiev.
It departed Stand 116 and took off from Runway 29R at 06:12:08 local time and was expected to land in Kiev at 08:00 local time ().
The airport is above mean sea level, but the ground around Parand and the crash site is several hundred feet higher.
The flight was climbing at just under when the flight data record abruptly ended over the open ground near the northern end of Enqelab Eslami Boulevard in Parand.
Analysis of several videos by the New York Times shows that aircraft was hit almost immediately by the first of two short-range missiles (which knocked out its transponder) launched thirty seconds apart by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and with the aircraft having maintained its track, by the second missile some 23 seconds later, after which it veers right and can be seen aflame before disappearing from view.
The precise track of the aircraft is unknown from that point until about a minute before it crashes, when several videos record its last seconds.
The aircraft crashed on a park and fields on the edge of the village of Khalajabad north-west of the airport, and about ENE of the last missile strike about 7 minutes after takeoff, but did not cause any casualties on the ground.
Shortly after the crash, emergency responders arrived with 22 ambulances, four bus ambulances, and a helicopter, but intense fires prevented a rescue attempt.
It was three and a half years old at the time of it being shot down, having first flown on 21 June 2016.
It was delivered to the airline on 19 July 2016 and was the first 737 Next Generation aircraft purchased by the airline.
According to Iranian offcials, 146 passengers used an Iranian passport to leave Iran, ten used an Afghan passport, five used a Canadian one, four a Swedish one, and two used Ukrainian passports.
There is some disagreement from other sources with this accounting of nationalities, possibly due to some passengers being nationals of more than a single country.
According to Ukrainian foreign minister Vadym Prystaiko and a flight manifest released by UIA, out of the 167 passengers' citizenship, 82 were confirmed to be Iranian, 63 were Canadian, three were British, four were Afghan, 10 were Swedish, and three were German.
The German Foreign Ministry denied any Germans were aboard; the three people in question were Afghan nationals who lived in Germany as asylum seekers.
Many of the Iranian Canadians were affiliated with Canadian universities, as students or academics who had travelled to Iran during Christmas break.
In 2007 it became that Saibai Island campus of the Tagai State School which operates in numerous island in the Torres Strait.
On November 23, 2016, the Mayors' Council and TransLink's board of directors approved the first phase of the 10-Year Vision, which included provisions for new B-Line routes (including the Lougheed Highway B-Line).
Hokuto Vega (in Japanese: ホクトベガ, foaled March 26th, 1990) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 1993 Queen Elizabeth II Cup.
On November 14th, 1993, she scored a major upset by winning the 1993 Grade-1 Queen Elizabeth II Cup, the biggest win of her career.
She went winless in 1994 except for picking up wins at the June 12th, Sapporo Nikkei Open and a win at the Grade-3 Sapporo Kinen.
Her wins in 1996 included victories at the Kawasaki Kinen, the February Stakes, the Diolite Kinen, the Gunma Kinen, the Grade-1 Teio Sho, the Grade-1 Mile Championship Nambu Hai and the Urawa Kinen.
The episode takes place during an engagement dinner for Fleabag's dad and Godmother, picking up one year after the finale of series one.
After her sister, Claire, has a miscarriage in the restaurant bathroom, Fleabag tells the dinner guests that the miscarriage was her own in an attempt to help conceal it.
There is an interstitial scene where Fleabag explains steps she has taken to get her life together in the year since the end of series one.
She is then shown at a restaurant with her family, including her sister, to whom she has not spoken to for a year.
Fleabag's sister (Sian Clifford) and American brother-in-law, Martin (Brett Gelman), announce that they are trying to get pregnant, and that they are no longer drinking because Martin is a recovering alcoholic.
When Fleabag goes outside to smoke a cigarette, The Priest tries to speak to her, but she silently walks away as he is talking.
Back at dinner, Fleabag's godmother who is an artist, tells the table that her gift to Fleabag's father is a portrait of Fleabag and Claire, for which they will need to sit.
Her sister asks her to open the gift, and Fleabag reads aloud that it is a gift certificate for a therapy session.
Waller-Bridge, who is the sole series writer, intended to have an episode set in a restaurant because the single setting felt theatrical.
Bradbeer, with whom Waller-Bridge consulted closely on the show's writing, decided to keep the camera in one spot during the dinner table scenes.
For the episode, Waller-Bridge received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, and Bradbeer received a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series at the 71st Primetime Emmys.
At the Creative Primetime Emmy Awards, the episode's editor, Gary Dollner received a Creative Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series, and the cinematographer, Tony Miller, received Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (Half-Hour).
Moses, also called Abba Musa, was the Coptic bishop of Awsīm (or Wasīm) in Giza from about 735 until after 767.
When in 743 there was a deadlock between northern and southern factions in the election of a new Patriarch of Alexandria, Moses successfully put forward Michael as a compromise.
During the revolt against Umayyad rule (747–750), Moses (by now an old man) and Michael were both summoned before the Umayyad caliph Marwan II.
According to John the Deacon, Moses was severely beaten, yet gave thanks to God that he was found worthy to suffer for the church.
Under the Abbasids who replaced the Umayyads in 750, Moses visited Fustat several times to plead for tax relief for church lands.
He secured lenient treatment for the Copts from the Abbasid governor Abū ʿAwn when, at the governor's request, he interceded with prayer and the waters of the Nile rose three cubits.
He also wrote a letter to Mina and all the Christians of Alexandria urging them to continue keeping the Lord's Day.
Moses was revered in his own time as a healer with the gift of prophecy who comforted his fellow inmates during his spells in prison.
Yoshiko Saji Dart is a disability rights activist and one of the people instrumental advocating for the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Dart's original work with people with disabilities was as translator, and then executive assistant to the President of Tupperware Japan, Justin Dart.
He had hired young men with disabilities to work as salespeople and Yoshiko taught them salesmanship, public speaking, and business skills.
Some of the people they met--who discussed the discrimination, segregation, and inequality they experienced--were invited to speak to a Congressional Task Force on the Rights and Empowerment of People with Disabilities which got people's first-hand experiences dealing with societal barriers to the ears of Congresspeople.
The church of the Santissima Trinità is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located on Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 26 the center of the town of Forano, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, central Italy.
It replaced the older former parish church, Santa Maria del Transito, which located adjacent to the Palazzo Baronale, which has a posterior facade about 50 meters south of this church.
The oval enclosure of houses around the former palace, delimited the first medieval town walls, and thus housed the former parish church.
The 3rd district, located in the Chicagoland area, includes parts of Elmwood Park, as well as all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Austin, Belmont Cragin, Dunning, Hermosa, Logan Square, Montclare, and Portage Park.
Her appointment came under contentious fire from Illinois House Speaker Michael Madigan after proxy votes from former representative Arroyo were used to select Delgado as his replacement.
The 2019–20 West Coast Conference men's basketball season began with practices in September 2019 and will end with the 2020 West Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament in March 2020.
In March 2019, Kyle Smith was selected as the new head coach at Washington State signing a six year contract after the previous coach Ernie Kent was fired.
It was unveiled at the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show, designed in collaboration with components manufacturer Magna International, Continental AG, Elektrobit and Benteler / Bosch.
Sony claims the car can accelerate from 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) in 4.8 seconds, and the top speed is rated at 240 km/h (149 mph).
On May 2, 2018, Starship Entertainment and Fantagio collaborated to form a special four-member unit named WJMK, consisting of members of their respective girl groups Cosmic Girls and Weki Meki.
Prem Nath Hoon (4 October 1929 – 6 January 2020) was an Indian military officer who was the General Officer Commander in Chief of the Western Army of the Indian Armed Forces from 1986 to 1987.
In 1984, he led the Operation Meghdoot, the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region.
Prem Nath Hoon was born on 4 October 1929 in Abbottabad (now in Pakistan) in North West Frontier Province of British India.
In 1984, he led the XV Corps and Operation Meghdoot, the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region.
From 1985 to 1987, he was the Director General Military Operations at Army Headquarters as well as Chief of Staff of the Western Command.
After retirement, he was appointed as the senior adviser to the textile company Birla VXL (now Digjam) from 1988 to 1990.
The list of São Paulo State University people includes notable graduates, professors, and administrators affiliated with the São Paulo State University, located in São Paulo, Brazil with 23 campuses all throughout the state of São Paulo.
Mr. & Mrs. X is a 12-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics between September 2018 and June 2019.
Created by writer Kelly Thompson and artists Oscar Bazaldua, it starred the popular X-Men characters Rogue and Gambit who attempt to enjoy their honeymoon.
Rogue and Gambit decide to get married and luckily Beast is able to build her a power dampening necklace to allow her to kiss at the wedding ceremony and enjoy their honeymoon in space, which is cut short by a distress signal from Kitty Pryde.
A large battle ensues between all four factions, but Xandra is able to create a pshyic illusion thinking that she died, but then goes under the care of Cerise.
Rogue is comatose due to the fear griping her with her new uncontrollable powers, so Spiral, who is enslaved by Mojo, helps her review her inner psyche in exchange for Gambit finding her missing soul shard.
Rogue is called away from Captain Marvel, so Gambit then travels to meet with his father Jean-Luc, but gets captured by Candra, the new head of the Assassin's Guild and Bella Donna, his ex-wife and chief of the Thieves Guild.
Grahame John Garner was a marine engineer in the merchant navy during the 1940s and 1950s, before becoming a fitter and turner for the Brisbane tramways.
Their photographs attracted the attention of the Queensland Police's Special Branch, as some of their photographs of Brisbane trams were sent to the Soviet Union as part of the Australian Soviet Friendship Society of which Garner was a member.
Garner was an active amateur photographer and amassed a huge collection of photographs of subjects ranging from his dogs, trams in Brisbane and political marches during the 1960s.
He had an interest in ballet and took many photographs of the visiting Bolshoi Ballet and Moscow Circus in Brisbane, as well as over 900 photographs of the Lisner Ballet Academy, which would later become the Queensland Ballet.
After his retirement he moved to the Nambour area of Queensland where he continued his campaigns opposing high rise growth along the Sunshine Coast and stood for council election.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Unveiled on August 17, 2017, before a detailed presentation at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas on January 9, 2018, the Fisker EMotion is a premium electric sedan offering of range and a maximum speed of .
It will be marketed in early 2019, primarily in the United States where it is produced, and in Canada, before a worldwide commercial launch.
In May 2019, at the age of 14 years and 278 days, she won both the women's singles and doubles (with Miyu Nagasaki) at the Croatia Open.
Cultana Solar Farm is a proposed solar farm to be constructed north of Whyalla by SIMEC Energy Australia (part of the GFG Alliance).
The contract for engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) was let to Shanghai Electric in June 2019 with construction expected to take 12 to 15 months to complete.
It will consist of a total of 925,000 solar modules, each 1 x 2 metres and 35 mm thick, mounted in groups of 85 modules in a north-south orientation on single-axis trackers.
The southern site will generate 70MW at 33kV and be connected via overhead cables to the northern site which will generate 210MW and have a 33kV/275kV substation connected to ElectraNet's Cultana substation.
The solar farm will be connected to the National Electricity Market but its primary customer will be the Whyalla Steelworks which is also owned and operated by members of the GFG Alliance.
Cultana Solar Farm will be Shanghai Electric's first project in Australia, and is expected to be Australia's largest solar farm at the time of its completion, with a capacity of 280 MW.
A test array of almost 200 panels was installed in late 2019 to provide more detailed information in advance of the main construction phase.
Prior to that, he had been elected member of the Yau Tsim District Board, Urban Council and Wong Tai Sin District Council.
He is a current member of the Democratic Party, before that he was a member of the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL), The Frontier and the League of Social Democrats (LSD).
He first contested in the 1988 District Board election where he won a seat in the Yau Tsim District Board for Yau Ma Tei North.
He went on and won a seat in Urban Council, representing Yau Tsim in the 1989 Urban Council election, where he served through the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong until the abolishment of the Provisional Urban Council in 1999.
During the time, Wong joined the pro-democratic Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) and unsuccessfully challenged Frederick Fung's chairmanship in 1995, in which he and his supporters accused of Fung for taking the position of Hong Kong Affairs Advisers from the Beijing government.
He ran in the 2003 District Council election and was elected to the Wong Tai Sin District Council through Choi Wan East.
He held onto the seat until he was defeated by Timothy Choy Tsz-kin of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) in 2015.
During that time, Wong became the founding member of the League of Social Democrats (LSD) but later switched to the Democratic Party.
In the 2019 District Council election, Wong campaigned for District Councillor for the third time, running in Prince of the Kowloon City District Council.
Diyasaru Park (formerly known as Thalawathugoda Wetland Park or Thalawathugoda Biodiversity Study Park), is 60 acre urban wetland park located in Thalawathugoda area of Sri Jayawardanapura, Colombo District, Sri Lanka.
Currently, park premises serve as a flood detention area by absorbing flood water during heavy storms and reduce inundation of the parliament area.
The park is divided into several sections such with bird watching tower, bird hide, butterfly garden, organic agriculture area, open study area, green buildings, boardwalks, plant nursery, ecology laboratory, a herbarium, children’s pond, rush and reed pond and audio video room.
Numerically, there are about more than 80 species of wetland birds including 50 species of migratory birds, 15 species of fish including three endemics, 40 species of butterflies, 28 species of dragonflies, 28 species of reptiles, 7 species of mammals.
In the 1970s, she lived off the land with her young family up the Parapara Valley in Golden Bay, originally in an old shack with no electricity, a wood range and solar panels, and then in a replacement house on the same land.
In 1999 she studied for a MA in creative writing at the International Institute of Modern Letters at Victoria University of Wellington and later studied theatre at Sydney University.
She received the University of Auckland Michael King residency in 2017, and the NZSA Peter & Dianne Beatson Fellowship in 2019.
Alfredo Diez Nieto studied sight singing, piano, music history, counterpoint, fugue, composition, orchestration and pedagogy with professors Juana Prendes, Rosario Iranzo, Jaime Prats, Amadeo Roldán and Pedro Sanjuán at Conservatorio Iranzo in Havana.
At a later time, he attended the Juilliard School of Music in New York where he studied piano with Edward Steuerman, composition with Bernard Wagenaar, and orchestral conducting with Fritz Mahler.
Diez Nieto worked as professor of harmony, orchestration, piano, counterpoint and fugue, music history and composition in the Instituto Musical Kohly, the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory, the National Art Schools (Cuba), and the Instituto Superior de Arte in Havana.
It is possible to observe in Diez Nieto's compositions a search for a Cuban identity through the utilization of typical elements from the Cuban folk music.
Diez Nieto accompanied the sopranos Lucy Provedo, Yolanda Hernández, Susy Oliva and Emelina López; pianists Roberto Urbay, Julio Hamel, Alberto Joya and Frank Emilio Flynn; violinists Rafael Lay, Armando Ortega and Celso Valdés Santandreu; flutists Richard Egües and Alfredo Portela; oboist María de los Ángeles Castellanos; guitarist Flores Chaviano; and clarinetist Rubén Noriega.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total houses in Salarpur is 27,767 and total population is 1,68,197 out of 90,637 are males and 77,560 are females.
The 2019–20 Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball team represent California State University, Fullerton in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Titans, led by 7th-year head coach Dedrique Taylor, play their home games at the Titan Gym in Fullerton, California as members of the Big West Conference.
In the Big West Tournament, they defeated UC Davis in the quarterfinals, and UC Santa Barbara in the semifinals, advancing to the championship game against top-seeded UC Irvine, in an attempt to reach the NCAA Tournament for the second successive year; however, the Titans were handily defeated by the Anteaters, 92–64, in a rematch of the previous year's championship.
Mayo is a subject matter expert on women's suffrage, specifically African American women's suffrage, and the First Ladies of the United States.
She was an adjunct professor at George Washington University, where she taught material culture as part of a co-branded program with the university and the Smithsonian Institution.
Charlotte Englebert made her debut for the Belgium 'Red Panthers' in 2018 during a test series against the United States in Lancaster.
Benjamin of Lesbos (; alternatively transliterated as Veniamin of Lesvos or Lesvios; 1759-1824) was a Greek monk, scholar, and politician who was a significant figure in the Modern Greek Enlightenment.
In 1812 he was invited to direct the Patriarchal School in Constantinople, but declined this offer and instead settled in his native Lesbos to establish a school there.
Benjamin of Lesbos was exposed to West European philosophical theories in his studies and travels, and was notably influenced by John Locke, especially in the area of epistemology.
He qualified as an English trained teacher (1st class) and worked as an assistant teacher at the Sivali Central College, Ratnapura.
His first entry into politics was when he was returned uncontested to the Naranwala Village Committee in 1957, and became its chairman.
At the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, Suriarachchi ran as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate in the newly created electorate of Mahara.
The election results however left neither of Ceylon's two major parties with a majority, with the result being the calling of another election.
This time receiving 17,791 votes (65% of the total vote) and 8,800 votes ahead of the United National Party candidate, Oscar de Levera.
In September 1964 he was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance in the First Sirimavo Bandaranaike cabinet.
He retained his seat at the 6th parliamentary election, held on 22 March 1965, receiving 20,573 votes (55.5% of the total vote), defeating Donald S. Gunasekara of the United National Party by 4,908 votes.
He was also successful at the 7th parliamentary election, held on 27 May 1970, polling 27,679 votes (62% of the total vote), 10,796 votes ahead of Tudor Gunasekara.
In 1975 he was elevated to the position of Minister of Food, Co-operatives and Small Industries in the Second Sirimavo Bandaranaike cabinet.
On 11 March 1977, following the Communist Party leaving the Government and the resignation of T. B. Subasinghe, Suriarachchi was appointed Minister of Industries and Scientific Affairs a role he held until the dissolution of the parliament on 18 May 1977.
At the 8th parliamentary election, held on 21 July 1977 the United National Party won the largest electoral landslide in Sri Lankan history, with Suriarachchi failing to retain the seat of Mahara, losing to Tudor Gunasekara of the United National Party by 2,632 votes.
In early 1983 Gunasekara resigned as the member for Mahara, with nominations being called to fill the vacancy, closing 22 April.
As a result at the by-election held on 18 May the United National Party candidate, Kamalawarana Jayakody, was controversially elected by a margin of 45 votes.
He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1974 to 1980, representing North-East Metropolitan Province.
He went to work at the Emu Brewery in 1940 before enlisting for service in World War II on 19 July 1942, serving in the 3rd Field Regiment and then the 6th Division fighting against the Japanese in Papua New Guinea.
He was elected secretary of the Breweries & Bottleyards Employees Industrial Union of Workers WA in 1954 and served in that role until 1970.
Cooley was also a justice of the peace from 1968, a delegate to the International Labour Organization conference in 1969 and 1973, a member of the executive of the Australian Council of Trade Unions in 1971 and a member of the Western Australian Institute of Technology council from 1972 to 1974.
A long-term member of the Labor Party, having joined in 1937, he was a delegate to the party's state executive from 1955 to 1976 and its senior vice-president in 1966.
Cooley was also a keen sportsman, having played both football and cricket in his youth, and later serving as a first-class cricket umpire.
He was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia Medal in the 1985 Australia Day Honours for his services to the union movement.
Lucie Breyne made her debut for the Belgium 'Red Panthers' in 2018 during a test series against the United States in Lancaster.
From 1979 to 1990 he worked as assistant to Rudolf Stephan at the Institute for Musicology of the Free University of Berlin.
The 2018 WTA Awards are a series of awards given by the Women's Tennis Association to players who have achieved something remarkable during the 2018 WTA Tour.
Yang Xiaoxin (, born 8 January 1988) is a Chinese-born Monégasque table tennis player who has represented Monaco internationally since 2014.
Somewhat smaller than four square miles in size, as suggested by its name, the CDP is surrounded by Denver on the north, west, and south and by Aurora on the east.
The CDP includes Sullivan, which was defined as a populated place by the U.S. Geological Survey in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but is now, along with the rest of Four Square Mile, nearly undistinguishable from the surrounding urban development of Denver and Aurora.
On 7 October 1940, House enlisted for service with the Royal Australian Air Force in World War II, serving as a fighter pilot in the Middle East, North Africa and the Mediterranean with the No.
He was discharged on 14 September 1945, having been awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal, Distinguished Flying Cross and the Africa Star.
House subsequently returned to farming at Gnowangerup and assumed the day-to-day management from his father in 1945, inheriting the property upon his father's death in 1954.
He was a Shire of Gnowangerup councillor from 1962 to 1966 and a member of the executive of the Great Southern Regional Council Association.
They had one son and two three daughters; his son, Monty House, went on to become a long-serving member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly.
The 9-11 overlapping flower bracts are sessile, narrowly egg-shaped, narrower than nearby leaves, long, wide, smooth on the outside, hairy on inside, cream at the base, green toward the apex, sometimes a purplish colour.
Grey rice-flower grows from Gowan in New South Wales to south-east to north-eastern Victoria, in woodland, occasionally on dry rocky hillsides in mountainous country.
Qi Yaoshan (; 1865 - February 15, 1954), courtesy name Zhaoyan, was a statesman and government official in the Qing dynasty and Republic of China.
Towards the final years of the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, Qi was promoted to the position of administrator of Jingyi Circuit and Hanhuangde Circuit in Hubei.
After this, he served at the General Office of Honghanguan at the Public Relations Office, as well as at the head of the Hubei Provincial Government Supervising and Training Office and as a manager of academic affairs in Hubei.
In 1921, he served as the Chief Cabinet Secretary of Jin Yunpeng and the Prime Minister of the Famine Relief Society.
In December, he entered the Cabinet of Agriculture and Commerce under Liang Shiyi, as well as becoming the Minister of Education.
In April, he was removed from his position as Minister of Education, and in June, he was removed from his position as being the President of the Shangwu Bank.
In 1927, he served as a member of the Political Discussion Committee of the Anguojun Government under Zhang Zuolin, as well as becoming a researcher of Beijing Ancient Studies University.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the town is 7,787, out of 4,112 are males and 3,675 are females.
Joseph 'Hohepa' Harawira was a Maori kaumātua (elder) and environmental campaigner in New Zealand, prominent for raising issues of dioxin poisoning around Whakatane in the Eastern Bay of Plenty.
Harawira worked at Tasman pulp and paper mill (Kawerau), Kinleith mill (Tokoroa) and then at Whakatane sawmill for 29 years, where like many other workers he was exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP), used in timber processing in New Zealand at that time.
Harawira retired from the mill when his health declined in 1982, and suffered near-total paralysis by the 1990s, which he said was due to toxic chemical poisoning from his years at the mill.
Many other workers at the mill suffered similar health effects, suffering similar symptoms of fatigue, depression, respiratory problems, heart and liver disease, and high levels of cancer.
Harawira spent the last 30 years of his life seeking recognition for workers at the Whakatane Sawmill harmed by workplace chemical poisoning.
He was spokesperson for Sawmill Workers Against Poisons (SWAP), producing a survey of (former) sawmill workers and families that led directly to action, including specialised health services and a clinic.
For many decades, the mill had dumped contaminated sawdust, bark, scrap timber, and chemicals in and around Whakatane and the Rangitaiki Plains, including the Kopeopeo Canal, which was sometimes called New Zealand's most polluted waterway.
Between 1950 and 1989, these canal received point-source discharge containing wastes from the timber treatment mill, where PCP had been used as a wood preservative.
Love Aaj Kal Porshu is a Bengali romantic film directed by Pratim D. Gupta, and produced by Shrikant Mohta & Mahendra Soni.
The population of Sawang subdistrict based on the 2017 Population Census is around 38,396 inhabitants and the area of the sub-district is approximately 384.65 km.
Sawang is bordered to the east by the Subdistrict of Nisam Antara and Subdistrict of Banda Baro, to the west by Bener Meriah Regency, to the south by Bireuen and Bener Meriah Regency, and to the north by the Subdistrict of Muara Batu.
This species has 9 spines and 10 soft rays in its dorsal fin and 3 spines and 8 soft rays in its anal fin.
It has long jaws, the rearmost part of the jaw extends almost to the base of the pelvic fins, which it can protrude.
The male latent sling-jaw wrasse is brown with a yellow throat, yellowish lobes of the tail and a yellow marking at the gill slit.
The females are more variable in colour and can be dark to pale brown, or yellow or almost white and most have black markings on their pectoral fins.
The latent sling-jaw wrasse occurs in the western Pacific and has been recorded from Palau, Luzon and Cebu Province in the Philippines, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi and Flores in Indonesia, Milne Bay Province and Madang Province in eastern Papua New Guinea, the Sololmon Islands and the Hibernia Reef, which lies within the territory of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands in the Timor Sea, to the north-west of Western Australia.
The Court Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel in Northbridge, Western Australia, located at the corner of Beaufort Street and James Street.
The Court Hotel was constructed in 1888 in the Victorian Regency architectural style, and later renovated to include Federation Free Classical style and, mostly internally, the Inter-War Art Deco style.
Hacked is an upcoming 2020 Indian Hindi-language psychological thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt and produced by Amar Thakkar and Krishna Bhatt under their banner Loneranger Productions.
The film was officially announced on 8 January 2020 by Vikram Bhatt with its first look poster released on social media.
The film's music is composed by Arko, Jeet Gannguli, Chirantan Bhatt, Sunny and Inder Bawra and Amjad Nadeem Aamir, with lyrics written by Arko, Amjad Nadeem, Shakeel Azmi, Manoj Yadav and Kumaar.
Given that two of the notes from the chromatic scale are missing and only two whole tones are possible, all 10-note scales are cohemitonic scales.
The four-semitone tritone scale (set 10-6) is a decatonic scale consisting of four semitones, a whole tone, four semitones, and a whole tone (four semitones a tritone apart): 0,1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10.
This is a mode of Olivier Messiaen's seventh mode of limited transposition; it has six transpositions, like the tritone, and five modes (the same pitch classes with C, D, D, E, or E taken as the first scale step or tonic).
This allows a dominant seventh chord to be built upon the tonic and a seventh sharp nine chord, and allows the tonic chord to have an altered ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth factors.
A decatonic scale that has been used or considered by Kyle Gann and La Monte Young in 13-limit just intonation is 1/1, 12/11, 32/27, 9/7, 4/3, 132/91, 3/2, 18/11, 16/9, 176/91, and 2/1.
Phạm Thanh Tâm (15 May 1932 – 30 May 2019) was a Vietnamese journalist and war artist, who used the nom de plume Huỳnh Biếc.
His career spanned the First Indochina War as a Việt Minh soldier participating in the resistance against French colonialism, as well as the Second Indochina War (also known as the Vietnam War) as a member of the People’s Army of Vietnam against South Vietnam and the United States.
Phạm Thanh Tâm was born in Vĩnh Hảo, Vinh Lại, Vụ Bản district, Nam Định Province – northern Hải Phòng – into a family with a tradition of revolutionary activities.
After evacuating the city in late-1946, he attended a six month painting training course organized by the Art Division of Military Zone III held at Phù Lưu Chanh communal house, near Đầu market, in Bắc Ninh.
After his studies at the painting training course in Military Zone III, Phạm Thanh Tâm was assigned to the Culture and Information Office in Hưng Yên Province.
After returning to Vietnam, he and his division marched from the town of Lào Cai on Vietnam’s northern border with China to Điện Biên Phủ, a journey of over 300 kilometres on foot.
He arrived on 11 March 1954, two days before the decisive Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, which he participated in as a soldier and documented as an artist and journalist.
From 1954 to 1963, he worked for three newspapers concurrently: the Military Art Newspaper (Văn Nghệ Quân Đội), the People’s Army Newspaper (Quân Đội Nhân Dân) and the Military Image Newspaper (Hình Ảnh Quân Đội).
Again as a journalist, he was granted permission to write and paint from the battlefields along the Ho Chi Minh Trail; in Khe Sanh, Quảng Trị and Hạ Long Bay; during the 1972 Christmas bombings; in Đà Nắng and during the Fall of Saigon.
Although artists worked under difficult conditions and with limited resources, he managed to preserve most of his sketches and paintings by sending them back to Hanoi for safe keeping, using a variety of materials and the occasional use of photographs.
In 1978, he was appointed the director of the Military Fine Arts Workshop (later merged into the Military Museum) and staged painting exhibitions, taught art courses and erected statues to commemorate the reunification of Vietnam.
The group was originally founded as the Auckland Transport Blog but has since evolved to analysing and publishing on a number of Auckland issues.
Matt Lowrie and Patrick Reynolds later joined the site as regular contributors, and became de facto administrators after Arbury took on the job of principal transport planner at Auckland Council in March 2012.
In collaboration with Generation Zero and the Campaign for Better Transport, Transport Blog unveiled maps that it proclaimed as the future of Auckland's public transportation network.
Later in September 2019, site administrator Patrick Reynolds was appointed to the board of the NZ Transport Agency in a controversial reshuffle.
Naati Pinky Ki Lambi Love Story is a romantic drama series, where Riya Shukla plays the role of a girl named Pinky, who is of short height.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total village population is 1,302, out of 704 are males and 598 are females.
The Life Extension Advocacy Foundation (LEAF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that was co-founded in 2014 by Keith Comito, Oliver Medvedik, Richard Kaufman and Apneet Jolly, and based in New York City, New York (state), United States.
Its mission is to support fundamental research on the main mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases and educate the public on the possibility of bringing aging under medical control in order to prevent, postpone and cure age-related diseases.
Its activities include a news outlet covering aging research, an annual scientific conference on aging in New York City, and the nonprofit crowdfunding platform Lifespan.io.
LEAF established its news outlet in 2016 with the goal of educating the public on the progress in aging and longevity research.
As of 2020, it contains over 900 news articles, including over 90 interviews with aging and rejuvenation researchers, such as Aubrey de Grey, Judith Campisi, Brian Kennedy, Steve Horvath, David Sinclair, and Gregory Fahy.
Ending Age-Related Diseases: Investment Prospects and Advances in Research (EARD) is an annual scientific conference hosted by LEAF in New York City in the summer.
It is focused on biomarkers of aging, fundamental studies on aging, the development of rejuvenation therapies for humans, and investment and regulatory aspects of the longevity industry.
As of 2020, it helped to collect over $390,000 in support of eight research projects, including three projects by SENS Research Foundation - OncoSENS, MitoSENS and MitoMouse.
In 2017 and 2018, as a part of its outreach activities, LEAF provided scientific advice to help Youtube channels Kurzgesagt and Life Noggin create educational popular science videos about biological aging and the potential of regenerative medicine.
On November 8, 1994, Bruneel won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 6, seat A. Bruneel defeated Paul Keeton with 53.9% of the votes.
On November 5, 1996, as an incumbent, Bruneel won the election and continued serving District 6, seat A. Bruneel defeated Lovetta Eisele with 57.3% of the votes.
On November 3, 1998, as an incumbent, Bruneel won the election and continued serving District 6, seat A. Bruneel defeated Rian K. Van Leuven with 54.3% of the votes.
In January 2020, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) conducted a survey and found that 3 Kerala cities are there in the list of world's 10 fastest-growing urban areas.
She was known for being the first female student and graduate from Université libre de Bruxelles, and the first female doctorate earner from Ghent University.
Bennetts was born at Wallaroo Mines in South Australia, but his family moved to the Kalgoorlie-Boulder area of Western Australia in 1896.
He was educated at Collick's school, the convent school on the Horseshoe Lease and the South Boulder School, but left school at fourteen.
He was a builders' labourer, worked in the bicycle trade and carted sandalwood before joining the Western Australian Government Railways in 1911.
Initially working as a porter, Bennetts was promoted to acting conductor in the WAGR before joining the Commonwealth Railways in 1913.
He worked in their construction branch during the construction of the Trans-Australian Railway and later as a porter and conductor for many years.
Bennetts was a councillor of the Municipality of Kalgoorlie from 1935 to 1952, was variously president or secretary of the Commonwealth Railways section of the Australian Workers' Union for 30 years, was a justice of the peace from 1943 and a superintendent of St John's Ambulance at Kalgoorlie.
The Old Burial Ground is Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens as part of the larger Royal Hospital site.
Following the closure of the Old Burial Ground pensioners were buried at Brompton Cemetery between 1855 and 1893 and have since been buried at the New Plot at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey since 1962; the Old Plot at Brookwood having closed that year.
The 2019–20 Cal State Northridge Matadors men's basketball team represent California State University, Northridge in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Matadors, led by 2nd-year head coach Mark Gottfried, play their home games at the Matadome in Northridge, California as members of the Big West Conference.
The IESE Cities in Motion Index is a study published annually by the business school of the University of Navarra (IESE) that aims to evaluate the development of the world's cities.
It assesses several socioeconomic aspects of development, including human capital, social cohesion (which includes employment, female participation in the work force, etc.
The most renowned of her children is Mrinal Sen, who was born on May 14 1923, in Faridpur, in what is now in Bangladesh.
Whilst Sen was in England, the country was undergoing political unrest prior to the First World War and this experience had an affect on her writing.
What is striking about this play is the feminist dimensions of it: the heroine rejects marriage and features comments about the struggle working women have over child-care.
Sarajubala was also actively involved in the nationalist cause on at least one occasion, singing a song by Tagore at a public meeting attended by Bipin Chandra Pal.
In 2012 Nadal served as the Diplomatic spokesperson for the President of the Republic, and from 2013 to 2017 Spokesperson, director of communication and press at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Pierre Benveniste, born on 22 December 1937 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, is a French researcher in plant biochemistry and professor at the University of Strasbourg.
After a PhD (Use of tissue cultures for the study of natural products) carried out under the direction of Professors Léon Hirth and Guy Ourisson and obtained in 1967, he turned his attention to the study of sterol biosynthesis in plants.
In charge of research at the CNRS until 1970, he was appointed lecturer in 1970 and then professor in 1975 at the University of Strasbourg.
He first became director of the ERA n° 487 of the CNRS then director of the isoprenoids department of the Institute of Plant Molecular Biology (IBMP) of the CNRS.
His research work ceased in 2005 due to his retirement and he is now an honorary professor at the University of Strasbourg.
Studies carried out in his laboratory show that these sterols are structuring agents of plant cell membranes and in particular of the plasma membrane.
Between 1963 and 1987, sterol biosynthesis was studied by radiochemical methods, enzymology and the use of inhibitors, analogues of transition states involved in the catalysis of target enzymes.
In the latter, cycloartenol, a pentacyclic triterpene, a product of the cyclisation of squalene epoxide, is a major biosynthetic intermediate, whereas the same role is played by lanosterol, a tetracyclic triterpene, in non-photosynthetic eukaryotes (fungi, vertebrates).
Using genetics and molecular biology in support of previous methods, cDNA clones encoding biosynthetic enzymes were isolated and characterized for the first time.
Mutants affected in sterol biosynthesis, site1 mutant defective in Δ7 sterol-C5-desaturase, sterov mutant overproducing sterols were isolated, transformed plants with gain or loss of function were selected and identified.
Advances in the knowledge of the regulation of the biosynthesis of sterols and their derivatives (esters, glucosides) as well as their functions have been obtained.
The results show for the first time that in Arabidopsis and all higher plants there are two gene subfamilies: SMT1 and SMT2 coding for methyltransferases involved in the methylation reactions leading to the formation of 24-methyl and 24-ethyl cholesterols.
The overexpression or cosuppression of SMT2 in tobacco or Arabidopsis lines has a profound impact on the relative proportions of 24-methyl and 24-ethyl cholesterol.
In particular SMT2 plays a crucial role in adjusting the campesterol/sitosterol ratio to the value required for membrane integrity and balanced growth.
An Arabidopsis mutant has been isolated that contains mainly Δ7-sterols instead of the normal Δ5-sterols, and has a defect in the gene (STE1) encoding Δ7-sterol-C5(6)-desaturase.
It was thus shown that the corresponding protein has an isoleucine instead of a threonine at position 114 and that this change resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity.
Directed mutagenesis work confirmed that T114 plays a particularly important role since its replacement with isoleucine results in a loss of function while its replacement with serine results in a considerable gain in function (Vmax multiplied by 28).
The results obtained show that the sterov mutation affects the activity of Hydroxy-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA reductase, which is strongly stimulated in the mutant.
The work carried out shows that the plants have the originality of carrying out the cellular esterification of sterols by an enzyme (of LCAT type, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) different from that (of ACAT type, acylCoA cholesterol acyltransferase) operating in animals and fungi.
A study of pedagogy and school music for teacher training, as well as music theory followed (with Heinrich Metzler and ) and musicology (with Elmar Budde and Helmut Kühn) at the Berlin University of the Arts.
Since 1981 Bischoff has been a student councilor in the university service at the Musicology Department of the Free University of Berlin.
In 1992 he received his doctorate in musicology, and his dissertation dealt with the development of Beethoven's reception of Robert Schumann.
Since 1989 Bischoff has also been active in choir conductor training, both in Berlin and at the , at the Federal Academy for Cultural Education in Wolfenbüttel and at the music training centres Schloss Zeillern and in Austria.
From the winter semester 1997/98 to the summer semester 1999, he held a deputy professor post for musicology at the University of Kassel and was head of the School Music Department.
He was appointed to the Scientific State Examination Office of the University of Kassel and became a member of the commission for the development of a new concept for the amendment of the study courses of school music, applied musicology and music education at the University of Kassel.
Nissay Red Elf (日本生命レッドエルフ), also known as Nippon Life Red Elf, is a Japanese women's professional table tennis club based in Osaka Prefecture and playing in the T.League.
His handwritten note to Otto Funke, second chairman of the SED in Thuringia, about the amount of people to be forcibly resettled into the East German interior in the course of the operation is often cited as a prime example of the inhuman or dehumanizing views of the GDR government.
Because of this, the forced resettlement operations not only affected citizens with contacts in the West, churchgoers, former members of the NSDAP and its organizations, but also farmers who failed to meet their quotas and people who made any kind of negative comment about the state.
In these cases, the operations could only be carried out with the use of reinforcements and were delayed by several days.
Upon arrival, they were assigned new houses or apartments which were often not as valuable as the homes they were forced to leave behind.
The neighbors at their new homes were told that the new arrivals were criminals, which meant that it was initially impossible for them to lead a normal social life.
Operation Vermin was undertaken to consolidate the GDR border regime after the Federal Republic of Germany and the Western Allies (France, United Kingdom, United States) signed the General Treaty (Generalvertrag).
Historians assume that between 11,000 and 12,000 people were resettled during the operations and that about 3,000 more avoided forced resettlement by fleeing from the GDR.
Two especially famous cases were the flights of 34 people from Billmuthausen in June 1952 and 53 people from Böseckendorf in October 1961, both of which are places in Thuringia.
Jiang was born in Hengyang, Hunan, Republic of China (1912-1949), on July 4, 1942, while his ancestral home was in Changsha.
He received his bachelor's degree from Tsinghua University in 1968 and his master's degree from University of Science and Technology of China in 1981, respectively.
In July 1981 he joined the Institute of Engineer Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Engineering as a researcher, and served until November 2004.
The company labor with drug regulatory agencies and other stakeholdersto lessen branded fake medicines and make sure that patients receive high quality verified drugs, and help pharma manufacturers gain more sales, and Patients have better access to high quality drugs.
The journey to establishments started as discussions, later to an idea, then to a passion to make impact, and stop the fast spread of counterfeit medicines across the nook and cranny of the world and to provide a platform where people can authenticate their medicines.
Like many start-ups, RxAll Inc. received its fair early challenges when it ran out of cash in the first quarter of 2017, which made more than 75 per cent of the early team members to resign.
However, together with the virility of the remaining members of the team, the Chief executive official,Adebayo Alonge managed to raise about $400,000 in grants and bootstrapped funds from the Nigerian government, the Yale start-up ecosystem, Merck, Villgro and other support networks.
RxScanner is an handheld drug authenticator device created for patients to verify their drugs and help drug regulators to reduce administrative burden, improve record keeping and also improved productivity and successful prosecution of bad actors.
RxAll POS is a Point of sale simple device created for Pharmacies in growth market thatenables complete automation of the pharmacy management system.
In a space of two years, RxAll Inc. achieve a multi-million dollar valuation and ramped up seven-figure sales orders in its first year.Also, through the effort of it CEO, the company gained market entry into East Africa (Kenya and Uganda), West Africa (Nigeria and Ghana), Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Malaysia and Singapore), and the Americas (Canada, United States and Columbia).
RxAll Inc. won the 2019 BNP Paribas group deep tech award otherwise known as hello tommorow, a competition crafted for tech innovators and entrepreneurs.
Also, the company was the recipient of 2018 CIO Review Most Promising PharmaTech Vendor Award and 2018 Katapult FutureFest’s Glstart-up award in Oslo, Norway.
In his Strømsgodset career from 1989 throughout 1995 he won the 1991 Norwegian Football Cup Final and lost the 1993 Norwegian Football Cup Final.
He has developed and applied various frontier x-ray diffraction methods to study condensed matter systems, including recent coherent X-ray diffraction imaging technique.
His research has utilized a number of synchrotron radiation facilities, such as Advanced Photon Source, SPring-8, National Synchrotron Light Source, PLS, and x-ray free electron lasers, including SCALA and PAL-XFEL.
Most of his career has been at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) where he was a physics professor, dean of GIST College, and director of the Center for Advanced X-ray Science and the GIST National Core Research Center.
He has also served as member of the Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science Technology before becoming the president of the Korea Synchrotron Radiation User's Association.
He is a council member of the Presidential Advisory Council for Science and Technology, and the third president of the Institute for Basic Science.
He then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his Ph.D. which was completed in 1991 under doctoral adviser Professor Robert J. Birgeneau.
His thesis was a series of X-ray scattering studies concerning the positional and orientational order in two and three dimensional liquid crystal systems.
Two years later, he returned to his home country and started working at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology as an assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Photon Science & School of Materials Science and Engineering.
Over the years, he became a full professor, dean of GIST College, and director of the Graduate Program of Photonic Science & Technology and the Center for Advanced X-ray Science.
Other positions include serving as the chairman of the Foundation Expert Committee, National Science & Technology Council, president of the Korea Synchrotron Radiation User's Association, and council member on the Presidential Advisory Council for Science and Technology.
In September 1951 he was accepted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, majoring in the Telecommunication Department, where he graduated in July 1955.
After a year of studying at Beijing Russian Institute (now Beijing Foreign Studies University), he entered the Moscow Institute of Telecommunication Engineering, where he graduated in June 1961.
He was a visiting scholar at the [[University of California, Berkeley] and [[University of California, Los Angeles]] between December 1978 and February 1981.
At the beginning of 1967, he took part in the research and development of [[Dong Fang Hong I]] space satellite, heading the wireless data transportation system, which won him the National Science Congress Award in 1978.
In the 1980s, he participated in the development of DS-2000 SPC digital switching system in the 6th Five-year Plan and the DS-30 SPC digital switching system in the 7th Five-year Plan.
The 1900 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1900 college football season.
He reached the final from the second semifinal on 8 March 2003 and finished seventh in the final with 60 points.
During the 2011 Croatian parliamentary election he was a candidate of the Croatian Party of Rights in the third district but failed to be elected into the Croatian Parliament.
S N Subrahmanyan is also the Vice Chairman on the Boards of LTI and L&T Technology Services, Non-Executive Chairman of L&T Metro Rail (Hyderabad) Limited and Vice Chairman of the Indian multinational IT and outsourcing company, Mindtree acquired March 2019.
Born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu S N Subrahmanyan’s father, late Sri S S Narayanan was a General Manager with the Indian Railways.
He studied at Vidya Mandir Senior Secondary School, Mylapore in Chennai and completed his graduation in Civil Engineering from Regional Engineering College (REC), Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra University in 1982.
He pursued a Masters in Business Administration from Symbiosis Institute of Management, Pune, the University of Poona followed by an Executive Management Programme from the London Business School.
S N Subrahmanyan joined the ECC Division of Larsen & Toubro in 1984 and began working with leaders like Cheyur Ramaswamy Ramakrishnan (former Joint Managing Director, L&T), A Ramakrishna (former President & Deputy Managing Director, L&T) and K V Rangaswami (former President, ECC).
In July 2011, S N Subrahmanyan was appointed as full-time Director on the L&T Board and designated as Member of the Board and Senior Executive Vice President (Construction).
In 2017, he was promoted to the role of Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Larsen & Toubro (L&T) by the company’s board of directors.
S N Subrahmanyan is married to Mrs Meena Subrahmanyan, a Postgraduate in Economics and a Gold Medalist from Stella Maris College, Madras University.
The 2020 Malaysia FA Cup is the 31th season of the Malaysia FA Cup, a knockout competition for Malaysia's state football association and clubs.
The draw for the preliminary round was held on 29 January 2020 at 15:00 involving 40 teams from Liga M3 and Liga M4.
The 1899 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1899 college football season.
It was the sixth edition of the revival in 2015, and was rated as a 2.1 event as part of the 2020 UCI Europe Tour.
In his Strømsgodset career from 1991 throughout 1996 he won the 1991 Norwegian Football Cup Final and lost the 1993 Norwegian Football Cup Final.
Their rivals Vålerenga lost and Moss were heading for a draw, meaning that Strømsgodset would have to surpass Moss on goal difference.
Isaksen then scored in the 90th minute, fulfilling a hat-trick and saving Strømsgodset on equal goal difference to Moss, but with more goals scored.
He was sacked ahead of the 1999 season and finished his career in lowly clubs such as FK Grim and FK Våg.
A total of 57,628,570 Euros (111,5 million KM) have been invested in the project to build the tunnel along side with 11,4 million Euros for other expenses.
The first tournament will be held from March 12 to 17, 2020 and the second from March 20 to 25, 2020.
A youth international for Czechoslovakia, Novák was a squad member at the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship and the 1992 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
Pachanga is a genre of music which is described as a mixture of son montuno and merengue and has an accompanying signature style of dance.
The Grace Bardsley Aboriginal Fund was established in her name by the AAF to help fund publications and other Aboriginal rights supporting projects.
In 1941 she became a member of the Communist Party of Australia, but became alienated in the 1950s when she denounced Stalinism.
After leaving the communist party and moving to Sydney Bardsley continued to be active on a range of organisations committed to social justice and peace.
In 1943 Barsley met Pearl Gibbs, an aboriginal activist who was a member of the Aborigines Progressive Association (APA) campaigned for Aboriginal citizenship rights.
Gibbs introduced Barsley to the social and racial context of Aboriginal oppression and poverty, and when Gibbs called for volunteer typists for APA, Barsley gladly agreed.
In the 1950s, while volunteering for organizations devoted to peace and social justice, Bardsley continued working full-time as a private secretary to the managing director of a Sydney timber company.
In 1956 Bardsley along with Pearl Gibbs, Bert Groves and Faith Bandler formed the Aboriginal Australian Fellowship, which was registered as a charity in 1957.
In late 1959 Bardsley traveled with Len and Mona Fox to the northern coast of New South Wales to visit far reserves and meet Aboriginal people from the missions and reserves.
They encouraged aborigines to sign a petition to repeal the anti-liquor clause that interfered Aboriginal people to mix freely with others.
Bardsley was known for her practical support to individual aborigines, namely she supported Aboriginal woman Joyce Clague to finish her education and find her first job.
In July 1965 at the AAF general meeting dedicated to organization of the first all-Aboriginal AAF conference Bardsley pointed at an error of the organizers who first planned to include both Aboriginal and European Australian speakers to the program of the conference.
She explained that ‘the whole point of this conference is that Aborigines should not hear whites tell them what to do.
They should have the whole show.’ Bardsley was selected by aboriginal members to coordinate the office work of the Aboriginal sponsoring committee and sent letters to Aboriginal communities throughout the state.
The Grace Bardsley Aboriginal Fund, established by the AAF in her name, helped to fund publications and other Aboriginal rights supporting projects between 1973 and 1978.
The Restorers is a group of five Kenyan activists namely, Stacy Owino, Cynthia Otieno, Purity Achieng, Mascrine Atieno and Ivy Akinyi.
Victims and potential victims of Female Genital Mutilation can use the i-Cut application to call for help or report to the police in case of an emergency.
Eva Backofen (between 1980 and 2007 Eva Anderson) is a German freelance graphic artist and sculptor living and working since 1980 in Dresden.
When she was not quite three the family moved to Berlin where she grew up and attended primary and middle schools, between 1956 and 1968 in Berlin-Köpenick.
Eva Backofen had been born in the same month as the formal launch of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), the separate German state in which she lived and made her life till reunification in 1990.
Because of her artistic talent Backofen now took a job as a and sculptor behind the scenes at the Berlin Comic Opera in 1968.
She supported herself as a freelance sculptor in Dresden and, after the young family had, in 1981, accepted an invitation from the singer-journalist (whose wife was a ceramics artist) to move to the capital, Berlin.
At some point during the 1980s the close relationship with Anderson seems to have ended, however, since after he crossed to West Berlin in 1986 Eva Anderson continued to live and work in East Berlin and Dresden.
The imperative to participate in membership of professional associations as part of any career plan changed in various ways after 1989, and the reunification that followed in 1990.
From 1947 he worked at Radio Suisse Romande in Lausanne, first as a recording manager and from 1956 as head of the music department.
From 1973 to 1979 and from 1987 to 1991 Zbinden was president of the Swiss Society for the Rights of Authors of Musical Works (SUISA).
Zbinden is the winner of numerous prizes: the Henryk Wieniawski Composition Prize in Warsaw (1956), the Grand Prize of the Communauté radiophonique des programmes de langue française, the Swiss Radio Broadcasting Prize, the prize of the Société des auteurs et compositeurs dramatiques (SACD) and the prize of the Association des amis du Festival international de Lausanne.
Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the south face of the mountain rises up over 5,400 feet (1,646 m) in less than one mile from the immense Childs Glacier.
The peak was named about 1910 by Lawrence Martin, for A. C. O'Neel, Chief Bridge Engineer for Copper River and Northwestern Railway, who built a $1,500,000 steel bridge across the Copper River near the southeast base of this mountain in 1909-1910.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount O'Neel is located a subpolar oceanic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers.
He leads a research team at the Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), and the Turing Centre for Living Systems, an interdisciplinary centre dedicated to the study of living organisms.
Thomas Lecuit grew up in Saumur, from medical parents who gave him a broad education, open to the arts, the humanities and science.
After a scientific baccalaureate (1989) he began studies in the preparatory class at the Lycée Sainte Geneviève, and in 1991 he entered the École Normale Supérieure.
In 1993-1994, he completed a decisive research internship at the Rockefeller University in New York under the direction of Claude Desplan, who introduced him to the world of research.
Pursuing his interest in the study of development, he completed his thesis at the EMBL in Heidelberg, under the supervision of Stephen Cohen.
His work focuses on developmental genetics, that is, the way genes called morphogens orchestrate the identity of cells at a distance.
In 1998, Thomas Lecuit extended the study of developmental genetics to the analysis of its cellular bases during a postdoctoral fellowship at Princeton University with Eric Wieschaus, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.
Recruited at the CNRS in 2001 as a research fellow, he returned to France at the Institute of Developmental Biology in Marseille.
He set up a research team on tissue architecture and plasticity which led him to unify genetic, cellular and physical approaches to morphogenesis.
He was appointed director of research at the CNRS in 2006 and again in 2010, second class and then first class.
Thomas Lecuit directs the Turing Centre for Living Systems in Marseille, an interdisciplinary centre dedicated to the study of life through collaborations between biologists, physicists, computer scientists and mathematicians.
Thomas Lecuit's scientific contributions address the general question of the origin of forms in biology and the nature of morphogenetic information.
The twentieth century was marked by the discovery of genetic determinisms of development, in particular the genes that define the cellular position information in an embryo, i.e.
Morphogens were first proposed by the mathematician Alan Turing in 1954, as factors organizing form according to purely physico-chemical principles of reaction-diffusion.
Lewis Wolpert in 1969 and Francis Crick in 1971 proposed a more precise definition, as factors that form a concentration gradient at the origin of positional information.
Thomas Lecuit shows that the growth factors of the BMP/Dpp and Wg/Wnt families are morphogens, acting at a distance, whose local concentration constitutes positional information that spatially organizes cell identity and limb axes.
He is interested in the formation of the primordial tissue of the Drosophila embryo, a process called cellularization, and discovers the origins of membrane dynamics and its polarization.
Since 2001, Thomas Lecuit has been studying how genes orchestrate the cellular movements that cause changes in the shape of embryonic tissues.
His research includes characterization of the physical principles of morphogenesis, along the lines of the work begun by d'Arcy Thompson in On Growth and Form (1917).His team first discovered the nature of the mechanical forces that cause tissue plasticity, namely the contractile forces that reshape the shape and cellular interactions and their division.
Since 2010, Thomas Lecuit and his colleagues have been highlighting the limits of a tradition that has largely seen development as the strict execution of a deterministic program governed by hierarchically regulated genes.
Several studies indicate that it is also appropriate to consider statistical laws of organization, without hierarchy but with many feedbacks of a mechano-chemical nature.
This work reveals the importance of self-organization during development and allows for a renewed definition of biological information that combines genetics, mechanics and geometry.
Styopa and Misha return to their native Leningrad from a pioneer camp and meet a one-armed man on the way, whom they decide to help.
Returning to Leningrad, they open their suitcase and find fascist missiles there, as a result of which they go in search of a one-armed man.
The 25th Lumières Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, took place on 27 January 2020 to honour the best in French films of 2019.
The first series tells about the commissar Dmitry Amelin, who goes to the grenadier full to convince the soldiers to join the Red Army.
In the second series Amelin becomes the commissioner of the division, led by Kutasov, who plans to organize an imitation of the blow of one unit, which will distract the White Guards.
The site had been empty since January 2001. eBay opened their London office in 2008 at Hotham House, on the River Thames.
It is situated on the eastern side of the River Thames, east of Corporation Island, at the junction of the A305 and A307.
Prism World Tour, also known as 2020 Pentagon World Tour 〈Prism〉 was the first concert tour headlined by South Korean boy band Pentagon.
The world tour commenced with two shows in Seoul in April 2019 and continued onto Indonesia, North America, Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and more.
It has been revealed that on the way back from Jakarta after concluding their concert, the plane which Pentagon had boarded experienced a plane fault and was forced to return to Jakarta.
It was reported the flight was delayed due to a problem with the air conditioning system, and they did not take off for approximately an hour.
There is also said to have been a medical emergency on the flight, leading to the decision to return to Jakarta.
Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as it rises over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) in less than one mile from the immense Childs Glacier.
The peak was named in 1910 by Lawrence Martin for Alfred Williams, assistant engineer for the Copper River and Northwestern Railway which built a $1,500,000 steel bridge across the Copper River near this mountain in 1909-1910.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Williams is located a subpolar oceanic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers.
Winds coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall.
George Walter Dobson (7 October 1897–1950) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley, Norwich City and Rotherham County.
Petre Bădeanțu played one game at international level for Romania, in a 1948 Balkan Cup match against Albania which ended with a 1–0 loss.
The 2020 Undr-19 Asia Cup will be 9th edition of ACC Under-19 Cup.The cricket tournament will be held in United Arab Emirates from November 2020.The eight teams will participate in the tournament, including five full members, host and two qualifiers.
Ferzol (), also spelled Forzol or Fourzol, is a village located in the Zahlé District of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon.
She has a doctorate in Theology from Oxford (2005), an MA in Religion from Ottawa, and a BA (Honours) in Philosophy and History from the University of Bucharest.
She has been teaching and researching for the University of Oxford in the fields of Byzantine Philosophy/Patristics as well as iconography - most recently on Gregory Nazianzen, Gregory of Nyssa, and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, and how their works originate in Ancient philosophy (mainly Plato and Aristotle).
José Carlos Pereira do Nascimento (born 19 March 1965), known as Zé Carlos or José Carlos, is a former Brazilian professional footballer who played as a defender.
The club is associated wit MK Gallacticos FC, which is situated in Milton Keynes & competes in an English league named Spartan South Midlands Football League.
MK Gallactico Sylhet Sports Academy was established in 2014 at Sylhet in association with MK Gallacticos FC, an English football club.
In January 2020, the academy announced that they will participate in 2020 Bangladesh Women’s League which is resuming after seven years.
Along with designing and planning, PAU also takes on social advocacy projects with the aim of using architectural skills to help society visualize solutions to complex public problems.
The most notable advocacy project put forward by PAU was the proposed Penn Station transformation at the request of The New York Times, which basically eliminates the current warren of low-ceilinged corridors by moving Madison Square Garden and transforming that space into a glassed-in, 150-foot ceilinged entryway to the transportation infrastructure below.
Chakrabarti believes that designers, educators, and urbanists all must focus on creating an impact and refocus the world’s energy on the betterment of citie.
Ahmad Saber Hamcho (; born 25 November 1992) is a Syrian equestrian who competed in individual jumping at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
He is a relative to Mohammad Hamcho who is included in the list of individuals sanctioned by the European Union and United States in 2011.
The Haus zur Goldenen Waage was a medieval half-timbered house in the old town of Frankfurt am Main, which was destroyed in the air raid on March 22, 1944.
Then in 1972/73, during the construction of the subway station Dom / Römer, the Archaeological Garden was created, allowing access to excavations of the Roman settlement on Cathedral hill and the Carolingian Royal Palace Frankfurt.
In 2007, reconstruction of parts of the former old town became part of the Dom-Römer Project, which included the rebuilding of the Goldenen Waage.
There are plans to open the restored building to the public in 2019, along with a café and a local office of the Historical Museum.
There was also a house called Junge Hölle (Young Hell), located on the eastern side of Höllgasse, directly opposite Alte Hölle (Old Hell).
Most of the houses on this side of the street were built with overhangs, which meant the first floor was on the property of the cathedral - much to the annoyance of the cathedral administration.
The first legal case was recorded in 1299, when the goldsmith Colmann came into conflict with the clergy because his house was located on the eastern side of Höllgasse.
The complaints of the war reached the city, that was filled with refugees, too: From 1634 to 1636 almost 14,000 people died during the years of the Plague.During peacful times Frankfurt had around 15,000 inhabitants, of whom many were refugees.
When Widow Hamel died on July 25 1655, her outstanding debts were as high as 60,000 Gulden and her real estate properties were highly indebted too.
As a consequence of these high debts, her heirs sold the Haus zur Goldenen Waage and the Alte Hölle for 8,500 Gulden to a tradesman from Frankfurt called Wilhelm Sonnemann.
The owners changed many times over the next few centuries: 1655-1699 it belonged to the Barckhausen family, 1699-1748 to the Grimmeisen merchants and from 1748-1862 to Von der Lahr family.
In 1928 the Historical Museum furnished the house in the style of a typical townhouse in Frankfurt around the 18th century.
The first airstrikes that hit Frankfurt up to 1942 did not do much damage however the Union of Old Town Frankfurt decided to keep a written record with photos of the whole existing building stock from summer 1942 onwards.
All parts of the old town between Frankfurt Cathedral and Römer including the were destroyed during the airstrike on 22nd March 1944 .The house collapsed to its sandstone pedestal because the beautiful timber frame was burning.
major artworks exhibited by the museum survived the war without any damage because they were brought to other places before the attacks.
A simplified reconstruction of the building (similar to the reconstruction of the ) would have been possible because of the existing inventory and the intact foundation walls but the city removed the ruins completely until 1950.
The arcades of the Goldene Waage were sold to a private investor from Götzenhain, who built himself a private library for his villa.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the city started planning the future design of the old town area by the cathedral, later known as the Dom-Römer Project.
In 2005 - more than 60 years after the destruction of the old town - both the inhabitants and the city council had a preference for the most exact possible restoration of the historical site with alleys, squares and courtyards, as well as the reconstruction of individual houses significant for town-planning.
In order to keep the excavations of the archaeological garden accessible, a superstructure was to be built, in which larger struts had to be incorporated.
Further research was necessary to establish, for example, whether the historical level of the streets and ground floors could be maintained.
The current building regulations had to be observed for each reconstruction, especially with regard to fire protection, energy efficiency and the possibility of safe escape routes.
A specialist company in Lemgo was hired for the reconstruction of the half-timbered facade, for which around 100 cubic meters of old oak from historic buildings was reused.
In December 2017, the facade of the new building (der äußerlich fertiggestellte Neubau) was completed, including the restored half-timbered facade, the Renaissance ceiling and the Belvedere, and presented at a press conference.
Entering the first door of the building, you reached a small rectangular yard which was open to the sky to the rear.
Furthermore, a pump could be seen straight ahead when facing the western wall, though it was not working at the time the house was bought by the city.
Hamel still stored his goods in this room, later owners used it, among other things, as a stable for the horses, as proven by the mangers which were added later.
At the southern side one could reach the low intermediate storey, known as a Bobbelage, via a magnificently-crafted stairway (as can be seen in the image).
The parapet was designed in the same style as the guard rail and was intercepted by a solid red sandstone pillar with an ionic capital as high as the room.
This consists of two medallions framed by two strips of stucco, the eastern one depicting a female statue, scales and a sword, the western another female figure holding two snakes.
According to an inventory in 1635, it was once used as a kitchen but is now, along with the room behind it, a library for the museum.
The surface of Lake Aberdeen is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late December to early March.
The mouth of Aberdeen Lake is located northwest of the limit of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, northeast from the center of the village of Lac-Édouard, at south-east of Ventadour Lake, at south-east of Grand lac Macousine and east of Saint-Henri Lake.
It also has five bays, two on the north side, one to the west where a few chalets have been built and two bays on the south side, one of which is to the southeast where the outlet of the lake is located.
From the mouth of this lake, the current descends on in following the course of the Aberdeen River generally towards the southwest, then the current merges with the rivière aux Castors Noirs by first crossing on on lac aux Biscuits.
Finally, the current flows into the upper part of the Batiscan River which goes southward to the north-west shore of Saint Lawrence river.
Romance of the Rockies is a 1937 American Western film directed by Robert North Bradbury and written by Robert Emmett Tansey.
Vlad and Nikita is a YouTube channel featuring 2 brothers (Vladislav Vashketov, born 26 February 2013 and Nikita Vashketov, born 04 June 2015) and sometimes their mother as they pretend play, travel or engage in other activities.
As of January 2020, channels have more than 69 million subscribers and over 24 billion views in total, main channel have 32.5 million subscribers and over 14 billions views, making it the 11th most subscribed YouTube personality channel in the world, 5th most popular channel for kids and 38th most subscribed channel in the world.
In 2019 Vlad and Nikita has signed a representation deal with Haven Global, the Australian-based licensing agency to develop new streams of content, global consumer products program and licenses for mobile games and apps.
Al-Ashraf Abu al-Nasir Janbalat (; 1455 – 1501) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 30 June 1500 to 25 January 1501.
An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qaitbay (; 1482 – 31 October 1498) was the son of Qaitbay, and a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 7 August 1496 to 31 October 1498.
Charlotte Rulinda is a Ugandan born Rwandese(ruˈæn.də) female Recording Artist, songwriter and Entertainer who is famously known as Charly as her stage name.
During the Primus Guma Guma Superstar Competition in March 2013 formed a duo combination with Nina hence the name Charly & Nina as they teamed up as back up vocalists in the competition.
Sayf ad-Din Bilbay or Yalbay (; d. 1468) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 9 October to 4 December 1467.
Al-Mu'ayyad Shihab al-Din Ahmad (; 1430 – 28 January 1488) was the son of Sayf ad-Din Inal, and a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 26 February to 28 June 1461.
Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq (; 1373 – 13 February 1453) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 9 September 1438 to 1 February 1453.
Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf () was the son of Barsbay, and a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 7 June to 9 September 1438.
Vasily Ivanovich Bakalov (; 18 April 1929 – 25 January 2020) was a Soviet and later Russian military engineer and designer who worked on the designs of armoured vehicle defence systems and anti-tank guided missiles.
Born in 1929, Bakalov served during the Second World War in his youth, drawing on his experience with , a voluntary organization promoting water safety and work, while crewing vessels to transport military personnel, civilians and weapons.
After a period as a machinist in the marine salvage department after the war, he studied at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications, graduating with honours and starting a career as a design engineer at the TsKB-14 design bureau in Tula.
Working on guided rocket weapons, Bakalov rose to senior design and management positions, eventually becoming the bureau's chief engineer and overseeing the development of anti-tank guided missiles such as the 9M113 Konkurs, 9K115-2 Metis-M, 9M117 Bastion, and 9M119 Svir/Refleks, and the guided artillery shells 2K25 Krasnopol and 2K22 Tunguska.
In 1978 he was appointed head and chief designer of TsKIB SOO, where he remained until his retirement in September 1997.
Bakalov oversaw significant developments in the company's organizational structure, which soon achieved a high reputation for the quality of its products.
The Soviet team for the shooting competitions at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow all used weapons designed and manufactured by TsKIB SOO.
Among the designs developed under his supervision was the Drozd active protection system for tanks and armoured vehicles for use against anti-tank missiles and rocket-propelled grenades.
Bakalov was born on 18 April 1929 in the village of , in Central Black Earth Oblast, then part of the RSFSR, in the Soviet Union.
His father moved the family to a city in the 1930s seeking work, and the young Bakalov joined , a voluntary organization promoting water safety and work.
With the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Bakalov and other OSVOD members were called up to support the war effort by crewing vessels to transport military personnel, civilians and weapons.
In 1948 Bakalov enrolled in the Electrical Engineering College in Alma-Ata, graduating with honours, and then entering the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.
He was awarded a Stalin scholarship in his second year, and also worked as a laboratory assistant at the Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps.
He took part in student life and the institute, becoming head of the student scientific society and a member of the scientific council.
Bakalov graduated with honours in 1957 and went to Tula with his wife, arriving on 5 August 1957 to work as a design engineer at the TsKB-14 design bureau, later the KBP Instrument Design Bureau.
The bureau was in the process of creating a division to develop guided rocket weapons and Bakalov distinguished himself in this field.
In 1960 he became head of the laboratory, and in 1961 head of his design department, followed by his appointment in 1968 as first deputy chief and chief designer, and then chief engineer of the KBP Instrument Design Bureau.
Bakalov's work revolved around the development of anti-tank guided missiles, overseeing projects including the anti-tank guided missiles 9M113 Konkurs, 9K115-2 Metis-M, 9M117 Bastion, and 9M119 Svir/Refleks, and the guided artillery shells 2K25 Krasnopol and 2K22 Tunguska.
In November 1978 he was appointed head and chief designer of TsKIB SOO, where he remained until his retirement in September 1997.
Bakalov oversaw significant developments in the company's organizational structure, which soon achieved a high reputation for the quality of its products.
The Soviet team for the shooting competitions at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow all used MTs brand weapons designed and manufactured by TsKIB SOO.
Among the designs developed under his supervision was the Drozd active protection system for tanks and armoured vehicles for use against anti-tank missiles and rocket-propelled grenades.
In addition to his focus on the technical and business-related side of his work at the bureau, he also interested himself in the social side.
The lac des Trois Caribous is the main body of water on the slope of the rivière aux Castors Noirs, located in Haute-Batiscanie in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac des Trois Caribous is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late December to early March.
Tilney Bay, which forms the northwest part of the lake, receives discharge from the Faiseur de Pluie and Adélard-Harvey lakes from the west.
The mouth of Trois Caribous Lake is located northeast of the summit of Lone Pine Mountain, northeast of the railway Canadian National, southwest of the limit of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, east of village center of Lac-Édouard and south-east of Saint-Henri Lake.
From the mouth of this lake, the current crosses part of Lac de Travers to the north, then descends on following the course of the rivière aux Castors Noirs, in particular crossing the lac aux Biscuits.
Finally, the current flows into the upper part of the Batiscan River which goes southward to the north-west shore of Saint Lawrence river..
An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (; 1411 – 1422) was the son of Sayf ad-Din Tatar, and a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 30 November 1421 to 1 April 1422.
Sayf ad-Din Tatar (; d. 30 November 1421) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 29 August to 30 November 1421.
Al-Muzaffar Ahmad (; 27 May 1419 – 1430) was the son of Shaykh al-Mahmudi, and a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 13 January to 29 August 1421.
Nguyễn Xí (Hán: 阮熾; 1397-1465 ) or Lê Xí, a general, politician, a public servant of the country of Hau Le and a great minister who spent 4 generations King of the Late Lê Dynasty was dubbed the military genius in history Vietnam.
Nguyen Hop moved his house to live in Thuong Xa village, Chan Phuc district, now Khanh Hop commune, Nghi Loc district, Nghe An.
Father and son Nguyen Hoi and Nguyen Bien often sold salt in Luong Giang area, Thieu Hoa district - Thanh Hoa, so very familiar with Le Loi at that time as a tutor in Lam Son.
In the same year, his father was tortured to death in his home town of Thuong Xa, he followed him to become Le Loi family.
Le Loi ordered him to raise more than 100 hunting dogs, he used the music as a signal, the dogs obeyed, when they came, they went like each other.
Le Loi praised and believed that he was talented as a general and gave him the wrong command of the army of Thiet Đot.
In 1418, spring, January, Canh Than day, Le Loi proclaimed Binh Dinh king to launch the Lam Son uprising, Nguyen Xi and Nguyen Bien brother joined him, at that time he was 22 years old.
On January 16, the renegade Ai led the Ming army to take a shortcut, fight behind him, arrest the family of Le Loi and many of his wife and children.
Depressed soldiers left, only Le Xi and Le Le, Le Nao, Le Bi and Le Bike followed Le Loi to take refuge in Chi Linh Mountain.
In August 1426, after mastering from Thanh Hoa to Thuan Hoa, Le Loi divided his troops to the generals to make three northern wings.
Pham Van Xao, Do Bi, Trinh Kha, Le Trien to the Northwest, Luu Nhan Chu and Bui Be to the Northeast; Dinh Le and Nguyen Xi attacked Dong Guan.
Hearing that the Ming army in Yunnan was about to arrive, Triet divided his troops with Pham Van Xao, Trinh Kha to intercept Yunnan troops, and Triet and Do Bi joined with Dinh Le and Nguyen Xi troops to attack Dong Quan (Thang Long, Hanoi).
Nguyễn Xí captured Vương Thông's detective, who knew that he planned to divide the way and that when the cannon exploded, the front and back soldiers finally defeated Le Trien.
He and Dinh Le went to plan to entice Thong into an ambush into the cave of Good Dong, then set up a fake cannon to signal the Ming army to enter.
After that, he again joined forces in the battle of Xuong Giang to help Le Sat to capture Hoang Phuc, and Cui Tu was an army of survivors after Lieu Thang was slashed.
Nguyen Xi was conferred the rank of Dragon Tiger, General Hieu, who told the righteousness of the princess and the privilege of opening the country.
In 1429, when carving the sea of ​​courtiers, Nguyễn Xí was ranked in the fifth rank, conferred the title of Most District, and granted the King's National Committee.
In 1442, the emperor Le Thai Tong died at the age of 20, he and Trinh Kha, Le Thu received the emancipation of emperor Le Nhan Tong.
In 1445, Emperor Nhan Tong was a young, Queen Nguyen Thi Anh regent, he entered the Admiral, received orders with Le Than to bring troops to fight Chiem Thanh, but if not gone, the right to denounce sins should be abolished.
In October 1459, he was different from Nhan Tong's mother, Lang Son, King Le Nghi Dan, as a mutiny to kill Queen Nguyen Thi Anh and Emperor Nhan Tong.
Thai security told Nguyen Xi to discuss with Le Lang (Le Trien's son), Le Niem (Le Lai's grandson) to make a coup again to overthrow Nghi Dan.
On June 6 of the lunar calendar in 1460, Nguyen Xi launched a mutiny, slashed at Nghi Dan's close servants, Pham Don, Phan Ban in the Street Agenda, seized the forbidden army, closed the gates tightly, and ordered Le Ninh Thuan to arrest them.
besieged and deposed Emperor Thien Hung as Le Duc Hau, and took the youngest son of Thai Tong Tu Thanh to the throne, the emperor Le Thanh Tong, opening a period of prosperity lasting 38 years.
In June 1460, Nguyễn Xí was appointed as an official of the People's Committee, Entering the State's Office of the Vice Principal of the Military Medal of A County, serving as a civil servant, giving a bag of gold and silver, and a silver seal.
In 1462, Nguyen Xi's son, Nguyen Su Hoi, did not agree with a number of high-ranking mandarins, so he wrote poems and threw them on the street to slander them but rebelled them.
In 1485 Lê Thánh Tông ordained Father Nguyễn Xí to become a crown prince to Duke Nguyễn Hội and his brother Phiêu cavalry Lieutenant General Nguyễn Thái.
In addition to all the titles of general and martial; Before and after, I kept studying as a child and a child.
In countless words and poems praising him, there were words of the first intelligent army Le Thanh Tong, Poinsettia Nguyen Truc, scientist Le Qui Don, scientist Phan Huy Chu, King Tu Duc, and great love.
On the 30th of the first lunar month every year, at the temple of Nguyen Xi, in Nghi Hop commune, Nghi Loc district, Nghe An province (an ancient temple, large scale and architectural value, built today 546 year, national heritage), organized the Nguyen Xi Temple Festival.
His name was given to a street in Hanoi, Nguyen Xi Street connecting Dinh Le Street to Trang Tien Street (during the French colonial period, Boa-xi-e street, rue Boissière).
The Nguyen Dinh family has a total of 15 large genera, the main church of their family is the Temple of Grand Master Cuong Quoc Nguyen Xi in Nghi Hop, Nghi Loc and Nghe An communes.
Up to now, the Nguyen Dinh family has expanded widely throughout the country, including abroad, but the most concentrated is in Nghi Loc district, Nghe An province.
The Nguyen Dinh family is one of the glorious families in the feudal regime of Vietnam, especially prosperous in the field of martial arts.
In the ancient capital of Hue, he was worshiped in the Temple of Emperor Emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty, considered to be the nation's first patriarch, the illustrious General was registered by the historical dynasties.
On the occasion of the Nguyễn Xí Temple Festival 2012, the tomb area of ​​the father, mother, and the tomb of Grand Master Cuong, the princess Nguyen Xi, has been upgraded to be bigger and more beautiful with funding of over 2 billion dongs from descendants and tourists from near and far.
He used to be a Member of Executive Committee of Central Committee of Vietnamese Communist Party, course X, course XI, Secretary of Thai Nguyen Provincial Party Committee, Hung Yen.
But the story most often circulated is the story of Mr. Hoang Muoi's birth into Nguyen Xi, a good general under King Le Thai To, who helped the king to defeat the Minh invaders.
The Holy Father is an important figure in the system of the sacred beliefs to worship Mother Tam Phu and Tu Phu of Vietnamese people.
Another legend is handed down as follows: Mr. Muoi was born to Nguyen Xi, a good general under King Le Thai To, who helped the king to defeat the Minh invaders.
Here, he always took care of people's lives, telling the story that once a typhoon broke down houses, he sent his army to the forest to cut wood to build houses for the people, then opened a payroll.
In a boat trip on the river, to the foot of Hong Linh mountain, there was a third storm surging, engulfing his boat and he turned right on the junction of the la, Minh Giang and Lam rivers where the spirit from the mine Flamingoes.
While everyone was mourning the funeral, the sky was clear, glowing with yellow clouds, suddenly his body floated on the surface of the water lightly like no, his face still rosy as bright as the person who was sleeping, When he got to the shore, suddenly the surrounding soil was swamped, covering his relics.
At that time, there were clouds of five colors in the sky, forming a chain (with the version said to be a chained bird) and natural soldiers and generals came to take him to heaven.
The festival has activities such as picking up a boat from the Nguyen family to the temple, singing chau van, cockfighting, playing chess.
The festival has attractive activities such as picking up a boat by boat from the Nguyen family to the temple, singing adoration, cockfighting, playing chess ... Mr. Ong Muoi Temple is also one of the places where the Great Requiem ceremony takes place.
The main festival on the full moon in January and the July sacrificial ritual at the temple, then procession to the communal house in the government, opening the funny festival 3 the day, there is a competition to play chess, tug of war, wrestling and singing opera, cheo ward, chau van, sharp charm, dragon boat adoration, etc.
The Honourables is a Ugandan political satire-drama series that premiered on NTV Uganda on 9 January 2017, starring Hellen Lukoma, Symon Base Kalema, Aisha Kyomuhangi, Philip Luswata, Malaika, Doreen Mirembe, Candy Mutesi, Patricko Mujuuka and singer Stecia Mayanja.
The series which was also later picked up by Pearl Magic in 2018 exposes the vices of MPs and other government officials that frequent a local bar in Kampala, showing their greed, corruption, adultery and many other vices.
Shaykh al-Mahmudi (; 1369 – 13 January 1421) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 6 November 1412 to 13 January 1421.
The Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific was founded in 2018 by the The R&A and the Asia-Pacific Golf Confederation, to create an event corresponding to the The Womens Amateur Championship and U.S. Women's Amateur for Asia, analogous to the Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship for men.
The winner earns invitations to play in two major championships – the Women's British Open and The Evian Championship, as well as an exemption for the Augusta National Women's Amateur.
The Leopaard Coupe is powered by from BMW’s CE16 1.6 liter turbo direct injection engine with a maximum power of 197hp (147kW) and a peak torque of 270 Nm, with the engine mated to a 6-speed dual-clutch transmission.
The Taal Volcano Main Crater Lake (or simply Main Crater Lake), also formerly known as Yellow Lake, was a lake inside the main crater of the Taal Volcano.
After the eruption of Taal Volcano on January 12, 2020, satellite images showed that the water in the Main Crater Lake have disappeared and dried up.
Although the main cause of its disappearance is unknown, it is suggested that the water must have dried up due to the fissures that formed after the eruption.
Percival Albert Trompf was born on 30 May 1902 in Beaufort, Victoria, the ninth child of Henry Alexander Trompf, a fruiterer, and his wife Catherine Amelia, née Elliott.
In 1923, Trompf began designing confectionery boxes and wrappings for Giles & Richards, a Melbourne firm of commercial artists, before setting up his own studio in Little Collins Street, painting and designing thousands of advertising posters, usually of 25 x 40 inches (64 x 102 cm) format, and 24-sheet advertising hoardings, for which Trompf supervised all stages of production, including the lithographic printing.
Holmes had recognising the successful use of poster advertising by the London Underground's Frank Pick, and hired Trompf for a similar campaign in the 1920s.
For the latter Trompf produced posters targeted at a limited number overseas who could afford travel, and their designs and content reflect this niche market.
His clientele reduced during the 1950s to the Queensland Government Tourist Bureau, the Commonwealth Railways, and Victorian Education Department for road safety posters.
Poster design declined in the 1960s as magazines and travel institutions increasingly used more affordable colour photography rather than specially commissioning graphic illustrations, for the sake of faster turn-around and for more persuasive realism.
Trompf enjoyed a growing reputation alongside other poster artists James Northfield, Walter Jardine, Eileen Mayo, Gert Sellheim and C. Dudley Wood.
In 1985, surveying Australian representations of beach culture, historian Geoffrey Dutton equates Trompf to Max Dupain, Charles Conder and Sydney Nolan.
The colour lithography that Trompf used produced bold, simplified realism in an Art Deco style, with wide appeal, especially during the Great Depression.
Posters exhorted Australians to travel by rail, to eat more fruit to the benefit of the country's struggling primary producers and, against competition from cars and buses contributing to unsustainable rail service deficits, they sought to promote diversity of purposes for travel that might provide new sources of revenue.
In recent evaluations, Gilfedder, in analysing, as a sample, the visual rhetoric of Trompf's poster for the British market featuring Captain Cook's landing at Botany Bay to invite the traveler to 'Discover Australia', concludes that such travel posters were early instances of 'country branding'.
Symes perceives that railway posters of this period using state-of-the-art techniques of the new field of commercial art developed Victoria's tourist geography, locating, labelling, visualising and imbuing places and regions with specific recreational and leisure attributes and Pocock attributes such responsibility, on a whole-of-Australia scale, to Trompf's 1933 poster in advancing the Great Barrier Reef as one of the most significant tourist destinations.
Barnes cites Trompf’s Commonwealth Railway poster as applying an American aesthetic in depicting Central Australia; replacing North American pueblos with Australian indigenous ‘Arunta' men.
Juxtaposing modern, white, explorers-cum-tourists with 'primitive natives’ each in formulaic groupings, positions and postures, the colonial figures and their vehicles are given centre- and stage-right to symbolise progress, while Aboriginal men are diminished in scale and backgrounded to represent their servility and symbolic position in the past.
The nostalgic attractiveness and historical interest of Trompf's posters endure; they are frequently included in public exhibitions, they have become collectible national treasures and they fetch up to $A12,000 at auction.
Christ Church is a Church of England parish church situated to the south of the centre of the town of Reading in the English county of Berkshire.
The church is located at the junction of Christchurch Road and Kendrick Road, and its tower and spire terminate the vista looking up the latter road.
Originally planned as a chapel of ease for St Giles' Church, it was enlarged in 1874 with the addition of the tower, spire, south aisle and vestries.
The lived in a large house in Ekensholm where her father gave her a herd of reindeer and a steamboat as a baptismal gift.
However by the time she was eight the family fortune was gone and they moved to a smaller house in Blekinge.
It was said that she understood dogs better than people, although her knowledge of the people of Lapland was also noted.
This theory emerged in the United States in the 1950s, as a variant of structuralism, which was the mainstream linguistic theory at the time, and dominated American linguistics for some time.
He is a leader in trade and industry, best known for protecting the trade industry's issues and social issues, where he would champion a cause and lobby the government for legislative change.
His father was a senior advocate in the Supreme Court of India and his mother hails from a Zamindar family in Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh.
Coming from a business family and having seen the difficulties traders and trade associations face, Sanjay has fiercely fought the injustice done to the traders at every level in the government.
Under his guidance and leadership, this organization has set a target to plant 20 crore(200 million) saplings in different states of India by 2025.
He conducted the Green Gujrat, Green UP, adn Green Goa festivals to bring awareness of the responsibilities of people towards nature.
Sanjay has been involved with numerous organizations and societies which help downtrodden people in need, numerous charitable works which include rebuilding and renovating old temples, donating to old age homes and helping numerous poor girl marriages.
His addresses on female empowerment, social issues related to EWS and sanitation, global warming and swadeshi sangttan are worth a mention.
Tongji University School of Medicine (TUSM) was founded in 1907 by the German MD Erich Paulon, who established the 'Tongji German Medical School' in Shanghai.
In 1917, the intitutions was renamed to 'Tongji Medical and Engineering School' and later 'Private Tongji Medical and Engineering Specialist School'.
The institution has been officially accepted as a University in 1923 and was renamed to National Tongji University when designated as National University of China in 1927.
The 2019–20 EuroCup Basketball Playoffs will begin on 17 March and will end on 24 or 27 April 2020 with the second or third leg, if necessary, of the 2020 EuroCup Finals, to decide the champions of the 2019–20 EuroCup Basketball.
The playoffs involves the eight teams which qualified as winners and runners-up of each of the four groups in the 2019–20 EuroCup Basketball Top 16.
The first legs will be played on 17 March, the second legs on 20 March and the third legs, if necessary, on 25 March 2020.
The first legs will be played on 31 March, the second legs on 3 April and the thrid legs on 8 April 2020, if necessary.
In 1964 he became a junior Foreign Service officer and was posted to the U.S. Embassy in Brazzaville, Congo, until 1965.
From 1966-1970, he was an economic officer at the U.S. Mission to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) in Paris, France.
Mr. Ferriter graduated from Queens College, City University of New York (B.A., 1960), Fordham University School of Law (L.L.B., 1963), Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government (M.P.A., 1973) and the U.S. Army War College in 1983.
The Leopaard CS3 was originally launched as a concept during the 2018 Beijing Auto Show, and was introduced again during the 2019 Shanghai Auto Show as a prototype with the Chinese name Bingge (缤歌) being revealed at the same time.
The CS3 BEV is powered by a 68hp (50kW) permanent magnet motor, and in equipped with a battery with a capacity of 30.8kWh.
Born in Vienna, Neuwirth comes from a musical family; the pianist Harald Neuwirth is his brother, the composer Olga Neuwirth his niece.
He studied musical composition with Karl Schiske at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna and music and theatre studies at the University of Vienna.
From 1968 to 1970 Neuwirth worked in the Mendelssohn-Archiv of the Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz and from 1970 to 1972 he was a member of the Schönberg-Gesamtausgabe.
From 1973 to 1982 Neuwirth headed the electronic studio of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz and gave lectures on music history at the university and the music academy.
From 1982 to 2000 he was professor of history of music theory at the Universität der Künste Berlin, since 2009 she has been honorary professor at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
Numerous renowned composers, including Bernhard Lang, Peter Ablinger, Georg Friedrich Haas, Arnulf Herrmann, Isabel Mundry, Hanspeter Kyburz, Orm Finnendahl, Enno Poppe and Oliver Korte, are among his students.
On the occasion of his 80th birthday the Society of Friends of Music in Donaueschingen organized a concert with works by Neuwirth as well as her teacher Karl Schiske and her students Peter Ablinger and Martin Kapeller.
At the same time a new version of his composition Piss-Pott or Pot of Pieces - 22 miniatures for piano - was published.
It was donated by the City of Vienna, designed by Fritz Cremer, Wilhelm Schütte and Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky and handed over to the public by Mayor Theodor Körner on 1 November 1948.
The first of the seven floor slabs is dedicated to the victims of Austrofascism (1934-1938), the second to sixth to the victims of one year of the Nazi regime, the seventh and last to the victims of 1944 and 1945.
Sleep messaging (or sleep emailing or sleep texting) is a phenomenon related to sleepwalking where people send emails or other textual communications to co-workers in a combined state of sleep and wakefulness.
Lilian Pateña is a Filipino scientist who discovered a breed of calamansi and seedless pomelo and discovered micropropagation which established the banana industry in the Philippines.
She was recognized as one of The Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service (TOWNS) in 1998, Women of Distinction for Science and Technology in 1995, and Outstanding Young Scientist in 1990.
Gustav Rutopõld (3 December 1875 in Nabala Parish, Harju County – 7 January 7 1936 in Tartu) was an Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church clergyman and academic.
Stefan Liebich (born 30 December in Wismar) is a German politician, and member of the Bundestag for the democratic socialist party The Left (DIE LINKE).
According to himself he was approached by the Stasi aged 13 who asked him if he could imagine working for them at a later time.. After completing his Abitur in 1991 he graduated from Berlin University of Applied Sciences Berlin in business economics with a focus on information systems in 1995.
At the 2006 election he did not manage to win the direct mandate for Prenzlauer Berg and was subsequently elected via the PDS list.
He is the chairman of the parliamentary group of The Left in the foreign affairs committee of the Bundestag, currently he is the groups spokesperson for foreign policy.
Major Naomi Karungi (1 December 1978 – 28 January 2020) was a Ugandan helicopter pilot who, at the time of her death, served as the Squadron Commander of Augusta Bell Squadron in the UPDF Air Force.
She was then admitted to the East African Civil Aviation Academy, graduating with a Commercial Pilot Licence, after three years of instruction.
She flew transport helicopters in the UPDF Air Force, her entire career of 15 years (2005–2020).In 2015, she piloted President Yoweri Museveni from his country home in Rwakitura to Entebbe.
The film received 38 awards during half a year after its premiere at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival, including the Annecy Cristal for the best film in the graduation films category, and a Student Academy Award (Student Oscar).
She meets with him in a hospital room where she remembers her childhood and complicated relationship with her father and how they parted ways until they meet again and finally reconcile.
Laura Mathilde Fitinghoff born Laura Mathilda Bernhardina Runsten (March 14, 1848 – August 17, 1908) was a Swedish writer, after she was estranged from her husband.
She was brought up on a large farm in Sollefteå where she studied Astronomy, Religion, literature, Latin, English, French and German.
She was one of five girls who were all musical and studied at the Music Academy in Stockholm, where her family lived whilst her father attended to his parliamentary duties.
Her sister Malvina would also be a writer and her mother, Ottilia Löfvander, would be remembered for her generosity during the Famine of 1867-1869.
However by the time Rosa was eight the family fortune was gone and they moved to a smaller house in Blekinge.
She died in 1908 and her daughter Rosa who had became her mother's assistant went on to also write went on to also become a writer.
He was born in Reading, Berkshire on 19 February 1900, the second son of Rev Francis Henry Wright, first registrar at the University of Reading, and his second wife, Agnes Mary Dunkley.
From 1924 to 1926 he spent two years at the National Institute for Research in Dairying based in Reading then spent a year at Cornell University in America, under a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship.
In 1930 he was appointed first permanent Director of the recently created Hannah Dairy Research Institute in Ayr in south-west Scotland, following two years on a temporary contract there.
After the Second World War (in 1947) he was appointed Chief Scientific Advisor to the Ministry of Food (succeeding Sir Jack Drummond) and was central to the food rationing system in post-war Britain and in attempts to keep the population healthy and well-fed.
From this important role in 1959 he moved to be Deputy Director General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, advising on an international level to multiple countries around the world.
He is the incumbent Minister for Legislative Reform and Parliamentary Affairs, serving since June 2018 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor.
She received her bachelor's degree in history and international relations from Mount Holyoke College in 1961, is a 1982 graduate of the National War College, National Defense University at Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.; and she obtained a certificate in Economics from the Foreign Service Institute in 1974.
Esther MacCallum-Stewart is a British author and academic on games and sex, sexuality and gender in gaming as well as on the narrative of games.
MacCallum-Stewart researches how narratives in games are understood by the player as well as publishing articles on sex, sexuality, and gender in games.
She is currently the chair for the Worldcon 2024 bid for Glasgow and was nominated in 2017 for Hugo Award for Best Fanzine for Journey Planet.
MacCallum-Stewart was responsible for the games program and events of the Worldcon in London in 2014, division head of facilitation for the Worldcon in Dublin 2019 and deputy division head for facilities for Worldcon in New Zealand 2020.
In 2009, she started her Islamic and religion studies at the University of Zurich and obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 2013.
She worked as a trade unionist for Unia Aargau from 2015 to 2016 and is now the chairwoman of ArbeitAargau, the umbrella organisation of employees in the canton.
From January 2010 to November 2017, Kälin sat in the Grand Council of Aargau, where she served as the vice-chairwoman of three committees: the Committee for Responsibility Planning and Finance (2010–2013), the Naturalization Committee (2013–2015) and the Committee for Environment, Building, Transport, Energy and Land Use Planning (2013–2015); besides, she became a member of the Business Examination Committee in 2017.
In the 2015 federal election, Kälin stood for the National Council and the Council of States but was defeated by 2,500 votes by Jonas Fricker.
On 27 November 2017, she replaced Fricker in the National Council as she was listed second on the party's electoral list.
She retained her seat in the 2019 federal election and was appointed as the second vice-chairwoman of the National Council for the year 2019–20.
In the same year she gave birth to their first son whom she takes to the National Council during parliamentary debates.
The main campus ('Northern Division') is located in Lujiazui, Pudong, 150 Jimo Road and the South-Campus ('Southern Division') is located in Pudong, 1800 Yuntai Road.
The hospital has a 64-row spiral CT machine, Flash CT, PET-CT, 3.0 T MRI, DSA, or EDGE Radiosurgery Systems available within the radiology department.
The Shanghai East Hospitals Education Office is responsible for the domestic education of the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students of Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine.
In 2010, the hospital has established an 'International Clinical Elective Program' in cooperation with German physicians and MedoPolo International Medical Elective Programs.
The hospital currently offers the largest international medical student elective program within mainland China and receives roughly 80 - 100 students from all countries annually.
This is a list of operational hydroelectric power stations in Canada with a current nameplate capacity of at least 100 MW.
Power stations are sorted by nameplate capacity, but can be sorted by other criteria by clicking on the header of each table column.
The Sir Adam Beck I Hydroelectric Generating Station in Ontario was the first hydroelectric power station in Canada to have a capacity of at least 100 MW upon completion in 1922.
Since then numerous other wind farms have surpassed the 100 MW threshold, most often through the expansion of existing wind farms.
All but two of Canada's provinces or territories are home to at least one hydroelectric power station, those without being Prince Edward Island and Nunavut.
This is a list of the hydroelectric power stations under construction with an expected nameplate capacity of at least 100 MW.
William Ritchie Chalmers (11 February 1912 – 7 October 1943) was a Scottish professional footballer who played mainly as an inside left.
He played in the Scottish League for Raith Rovers and made nearly 200 appearances in the English Football League for Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic and Barrow.
Birrell's successor, Jimmy Logan, praised Chalmers' performances for the A team during the 1931–32 season, and gave him a debut in the senior eleven, but at the end of the campaign Logan gave him a free transfer.
Chalmers applied for reinstatement as a junior, and was expected to join Fife League champions Rosslyn Juniors, but instead he again signed for Birrell, this time at English Third Division South club Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic.
Chalmers made his Football League debut on 17 December 1932 away to Gillingham, and played in the last three matches of that season.
He returned to the first team in November 1933 and was a regular at inside left for the rest of the season.
A splintered bone in his leg kept him out for some weeks in the middle of the 1935–36 season and meant he missed the FA Cup third-round visit to Bradford City, which Bournemouth lost 1–0.
After a 1936–37 season in which he rarely missed a match, he lost his place through injury in December 1937 and rarely appeared again, William O'Brien being preferred at inside left.
He was used as much at outside left, the position he had played as a youngster in Scotland, as at inside left, played 36 league matches, scored twice, and helped Barrow improve from a position of needing to apply for re-election to the League in 1938 to a mid-table finish.
He played in the first three matches of the 1939–40 season, and converted a penalty in a 2–2 draw with Bradford City in the third of those, before competitive football was abandoned when war was declared.
He had made cocoa for the night watch before being taken ill; an ambulance was called in the early hours, but he died on the way to hospital.
A post mortem attributed death to an irritant poison, believed to have been phosphorus, which was used in the officers' mess to kill beetles but to which Chalmers had no access.
Giving evidence at the inquest, Chalmers' captain described him as a good soldier of temperate habits and a good athlete; his sergeant said that everyone had drunk the cocoa and none had become unwell.
Antonino Faranda (born in Capo d'Orlando, 2 April 1968) is an Italian entrepreneur and founder of Gruppo TUO, an industrial group providing wholesale distribution of groceries and related products in the large-scale food distribution.
It is also involved in the radial migration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and localises in similar areas to the migration-guiding Cajal–Retzius cells.
The gene was first characterised in 2002 and was given its name for its role in the axial migration of heart loop development.
She was sold for scrapping, 28 October 1971, to Union Minerals & Alloys Corp. She was removed from the fleet, 23 May 1972.
St Thomas à Becket Church, sometimes referred to as St Thomas of Canterbury's Church and known until 1796 as the Church of Our Lady, is the Church of England parish church of Warblington in Hampshire, England.
Warblington is now a suburban area within the South Hampshire conurbation, and the church is about from the centre of Havant, the nearest large town, but St Thomas à Becket Church stands in a secluded area between a major trunk road and an inlet of the English Channel.
Until the 19th century, when the parish was subdivided, the church served a large area including the nearby town of Emsworth.
The parishes of Warblington and Emsworth have now been reunited, and regular services are held both at Warblington and at St James's Church in Emsworth.
The original centre of population was a small cluster of houses further south, surrounded by fields and next to a creek between Chichester and Langstone Harbours.
They were close to a large farm (still extant), the manor house—now ruined, and known as Warblington Castle—and the original church.
The population shift, where the core of the village moved north towards the present-day A27 trunk road, has been attributed to the growth of nearby Emsworth, which was always larger; the Black Death; and Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick's creation of a deer park around the manor house during the time he was Lord of the manor.
The manor of Warblington (then named Warbliteton) was mentioned in the Domesday survey of 1086, by which time the church was already in existence.
It stood on the site of the present building's chancel, and the only surviving fabric from this Saxon building is the second (middle) stage of the present tower.
The church was rebuilt in much larger form in or slightly before 1200; some work was also carried out later in the 13th century.
Dating from this period are a three-bay nave with north and south aisles and arcades, and the upper storey of the tower (not yet topped by its present shingled spire).
The lowest stage of the tower was opened out when the original nave was converted into a chancel; but later in the 13th century this was demolished and replaced with the present chancel, which is much larger and has a vestry at one corner.
The significant enlargement of the church may have been prompted by the growth at that time of Emsworth, always the main settlement in the parish, which became a port in the 13th century.
Also in the late 13th or early 14th century, the chancel floor was laid with glazed encaustic tiles similar to those at nearby Titchfield Abbey.
A door and timber-framed porch were built on to the north aisle in the 15th century, and another door was added at the west end a century later.
People in Emsworth had to travel the to Warblington to worship until 1789–90, when a chapel of ease was built in the town's market place.
Also in 1840, part of the parish of Warblington was transferred to the newly formed parish of Redhill (present-day Rowland's Castle), where a chapel of ease in Havant parish had been built in 1837–38.
In 1829–30 the church authorities employed local builders Benjamin Chase and James Cullis to build huts for grave-watchers at the northwest and southeast corners of the churchyard.
Later in the 19th century, local architect J. H. Ball made some structural changes to the church, although the extent of the restoration was not significant.
He replaced some of the 13th-century lancet windows, added an organ chamber on the north side of the chancel (moving a lancet window from the chancel and resetting it there), added the small spire, altered the east window and re-roofed the chancel.
Although fire damage was confined to pews at the front of the church, smoke affected the whole building, damaging the organ and pulpit in particular.
A programme of conservation and restoration work lasting several months took place to clean soot and smoke particles from the walls, ceiling beams, floor tiles, windows, arcade pillars and memorials using materials such as limewash and latex.
The uppermost stage, topped with a shingled spire added during the Victorian era, contains one bell and has paired lancet windows.
Flanking the nave are the aisles with arcades of differing appearance, despite being built around the same time in the 13th century.
Some of the windows on the south side retain their original surrounds but were replaced in the 14th or 15th century.
Between the vestry and the chancel is a squint with a sliding panel, allowing the altar to be viewed from the vestry.
On the walls are several cartouches of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, at least one signed by J. Morey, a member of a family of sculptors who is buried in the churchyard.
There is also a monumental brass of the late 16th century, depicting Raffe Smalpage (Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton's personal chaplain) kneeling at a desk.
They are of galleted flint with red-brick dressings and quoins, hipped roofs laid with slate tiles, and pointed arched entrances and windows with shutters.
The southeastern hut has a stone chimney; the northwestern hut lacks one but is larger, having been extended, and was also used as a tool-shed.
As of February 2001, it was one of two Grade I listed buildings, and 239 listed buildings of all grades, in the Borough of Havant.
As of 2020 St Thomas à Becket Church holds a twice-monthly Holy Communion service, a weekly Matins (replaced once per month by another Holy Communion service) and a monthly evening service.
Ferlemann attended school during World War II, then completed two apprenticeships: one as an export clerk, and one as a lithographer.
In 1989, he took IG Druck into a merger with the small Arts Union, forming the Media Union, and he became its first president.
Born in Newton Grove, North Carolina, he later resided in Dunn, where he served as mayor from 1987 to 1995 and again from 2003 to 2019.
It is produced outside Iran and is aired on MBC Persia, part of the Middle East Broadcasting Center, since 31 January 2020.
The judges are Iranian pop legend Ebi, well-known singer and Eurovision finalist Arash, well-known actress Mahnaz Afshar, and entertainer Nazanin Nour.
She was named after Alfred I. Dupont, an American industrialist, financier, philanthropist and a member of the influential Du Pont family.
London's municipal government maintains two records of decisions reached, respectively, by the courts of Aldermen and of Common Counci of the Corporation of the City of London, which records are held at the London Metropolitan Archives.
The 2018–19 Liga IV Teleorman (Liga IV Fortuna Sports for sponsorship reasons) was the 51st season of the Liga IV - Teleorman, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Koczwara learned about the rhino-poaching crisis while he was on a photo safari through the South African Greater Kruger National Park.
They build and operate these elite units together with experts from South Africa and Zimbabwe where 80% of rhinos are living.
In all of their actions, they cooperate with African law enforcement authorities, which have the legal powers to legitimize the conducted actions.
The blame for the poaching is therefore not to be found in the local population, for whom the poaching is usually the last possibility for the financial provision of the family.
Rhino Force Cryovault is a biobank located in South Africa that preserves deeply frozen sperm, egg cells and other genetic material of African Rhinoceros.
The purpose of this project is to conserve the genetic diversity of rhinos by enabling future-assisted reproduction of Rhinoceros via cryopreserved genetics.
Rhino Force's objective is to preserve viable gametes and thus the genetics of as many African Rhinoceros as possible by sampling post-mortem and intra-vitam.
Any material collected will be banked alongside animal biometrical, environment and location data, which provides crucial information for the studying of population dynamics.
This is headed by the renowned veterinarian and expert in wildlife assisted reproduction, Dr Imke Lüders (DVM, PhD, DiplECZM) from Hamburg, Germany, and her colleague, the veterinary reproduction specialist Dr Ilse Luther (BVetTech, MVetTech, PhD) from South Africa.
He was the first Pīhopa (bishop) of Te Pīhopatanga o Te Upoko o Te Ika from his consecration on 7 March 1992 until his retirement in 2018.
A talented rugby player, Walters represented New Zealand Māori, and won the Tom French Cup for the Māori rugby union player of the year in 1957.
Amir Reza Koohestani (Persian:امیررضا کوهستانی; born on June 8, 1978) is an Iranian theatre maker who was born in Shiraz, Iran.
Koohestani's early fascination for literature resulted in the publication of two short stories in local news papers by the age of 16.
He also uses cameras and projection screens on stage to emphasise the actual occurrence of the events as well as illustrating different versions of them.
Military service kept Koohestani from attending the shows in Brussels, Créteil (near Paris) and Paris in Spring 2010 and prohibited him to leave Iran between October 2010 and April 2012.
Their voices and the 10 year old recording on screen, their ageing bodies, their memories... function as a metaphor of resynchronisation of past and present.
Although having gained a lot of international acclaim by 2016, Koohestani wanted to premiere his piece Hearing in Tehran, because the audience he had in mind while writing this piece were the people living in Iran.
In the second part, taking place 10 years later, it turns out that the girl (Neda) has been expelled from university, that she was refused asylum in Sweden and finally committed suicide.
Koohestani calls Hearing his most political and social piece so far, because it deals with living conditions of women, the life in dormitories and the situation of political refugees.
He was nominated at the Electoral College of 23–25 September 2016 to be the second Pīhopa o (Bishop of) Te Pīhopatanga o Te Waipounamu.
The Dingwall Beloe Lecture Series is the result of bequests by Dr Eric Dingwall, formerly an Assistant Keeper of Printed Books in the British Museum, and to the Clockmakers Company by Reginald Beloe TD, the noted horological collector and Master of the Company in 1977.
The Museum and the Company agreed the formation of a fund to back the presentation of an annual lecture, intended to make new contributions to the history of horology, with a particular international focus.
The lectures, under the organization of the Clocks and Watches department of the British Museum, have become one of the most significant annual events in the international horological calendar.
It refers to the area in front of the entrance to the University of Television and Film Munich and then to Gabelsbergerstraße.
After film producer Bernd Eichinger died of a heart attack in January 2011, his widow Katja Eichinger suggested that the city of Munich name a place after him in memory of Eichinger's services to Munich as a film location and his life's work.
On 7 May 2012, the street sign was ceremoniously unveiled by Lord Mayor Ude in the presence of Eichinger's widow Katja and daughter Nina.
Shibil Muhammed (born January 23, 1998) is an Indian football midfielder from Malappuram, Kerala who currently plays for Gokulam Kerala F.C.
Carl Trueblood Chase (7 August 1902, Lewiston, Maine – 2 November 1987, Delaware County, Pennsylvania) was an American physicist, known for his 1926 confirmation of the Trouton–Noble experiment, which disconfirmed the luminiferous aether.
He then became a graduate student at California Institute of Technology, where he worked at the Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics and graduated with an master's degree in 1926.
In 1959 Lee Grodzins pointed out that an 1928 experiment by R. T. Cox, C. G. McIlwraith, and B. Kurrelmeyer on double scattering of β rays from radium experimentally demonstrated parity violation, although the significance of the experiment was not appreciated until the late 1950s.
Esna Boyd and Jack Hawkes successfully defended their title by defeating Youtha Anthony and Jim Willard 6–1, 6–3 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.
Born Alice Mary Frances Dease 14 February 1874, she was the tenth and youngest daughter of Irish landowners, James Arthur Dease and Charlotte Jerningham, of Turbotston in County Westmeath.
Before her marriage she had written a number of works and she wrote about local folklore and had articles and stories published through the Catholic Truth Society.
The Cathedral of St Andrew and St Michael is a religious building that is affiliated with the Anglican Church of South Africa and is located at 85 St Georges Street in the city of Bloemfontein in the Free State province, South Africa.
She was the first woman Representative of Pangasinan, followed subsequently by her mother, the noted Manila socialite and philanthropist Rose Marie J. Arenas.
Arenas was born Maria Rachel Jimenez Arenas on November 15, 1971 in Malasiqui, Pangasinan to parents Rose Marie Arenas and Ramon Arenas, a Makati businessman with ties to the shipping industry.
Her maternal grandparents were Alfredo Jimenez, an accountant at the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR); and Remedios Bosch, an opera singer and a music professor at the University of the East (UE).
Prior to her election to Congress, she worked under two Presidential administrations; from 1992-1998 under President Fidel V. Ramos and from 1998 to 2001, with President Joseph Estrada (1998-2001).
She also worked in the Media Affairs Bureau of the Office of the Vice President and the Department of Foreign Affairs, held concurrently by then, Teofisto Guingona, from 2001 to 2003.
She also held various positions in other agencies, as Special Assistant to the General Manager of the National Development Company and the Business Development Manager of the National Maritime Equity Corporation.
She graduated from the De La Salle University with a degree in AB Political Science earning an Academic Excellence Award for Outstanding Thesis.
She took up further studies at the Institute of Politics of the John F. Kennedy School of Government in Harvard University in 2003 and at Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in Boston, USA, in 2004.
She was set to run unopposed in the 2013 elections but gave way to her mother now-Deputy Speaker Rose Marie Arenas.
While in office, she developed numerous infrastructure projects in the Third District, in particular the building of farm-to-market roads, bridges, school buildings and civic centers.
She was responsible for concretising and asphalting more than 30,000 kilometres of road; and the construction of five main bridges that connected different barangays and towns to each other: the San Vicente-Pogo Bridge in the Municipality of Calasiao, Ican-Bugtong Bridge and Pamaranum Bridge in the Municipality of Malasiqui and San Vicente and Calvo Bridges in the Municipality of Bayambang.
She also oversaw the rehabilitation of river banks, construction of proper drainage systems, and clearing waterways to alleviate the District's long-time flooding problem.
She was made the chairperson of the House Special Committee on Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) and authored House Bill No.
4363, calling for the creation of the Southern Palawan Special Economic Zone and Freeport Authority to boost economic growth in the East Asean Region.
Arenas also authored and sponsored national bills that called for social justice, empowerment of the marginalized, and the improvement of basic services, such as health, education and livelihood.
In the 15 Congress, she would go on to oversee the establishment of a Provincial Information and Communications Technology Hubs (HB 4066), and the creation of a Department of Overseas Workers (HB 4408).
She also authored the Service to Pay Act, the house resolution calling for the punishment of grain hoarders, the house bill calling for the creation of a Magna Carta of Agricultural Development Workers, and an act calling for the freezing of prices of basic commodities during calamities.
In 2013, she launched a project, the Education Leadership Training in partnership with the Foothill College of Silicon Valley which provided training and skills-building workshops in information and communication technology that would benefit more than 3,000 public school teachers, for which she was accorded by Foothill College, the honor of naming after her the said international program, R.A.C.E.
Arenas is the 15th and seventh woman chairperson of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) which is composed of 30 board members and a vice chairperson and is mandated to regulate and classify motion pictures, television programs, and publicity materials among others.
The Nera Plateau (, ) is a mountain plateau in the southeastern Sakha Republic (Oymyakon District) and the northwestern end of Magadan Oblast (Susumansky District), Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.
Other rivers on it are the Ayan Yuryakh, one of the rivers that form the Kolyma, and the Byoryolyokh, an Ayan Yuryakh tributary.
The plateau is limited by ranges of the Chersky mountain system to the northeast, the Upper Kolyma Highlands to the southeast and the Tas-Kystabyt (Sarychev Range) to the southwest.
There are sparse larch forests on the plateau and thickets of dwarf cedar and alder up to elevations from to , above which there is only mountain tundra.
Ekow was born on 3 November, 1972 in Potsin in the Central Region and attended, in 2006, the University of Cape Coast where he holds a Diploma in Management Studies.
He is member of National Democratic Congress and was a committee member on Gender and Children, Employment, Social Welfare and State, Public Accounts.
It is considered the most prestigious award given out in the ceremony and is awarded to people who have made a significant contribution to British television over a number of years.
The Special Recognition Award has been given in every ceremony since the start of the NTAs with the exception of the 19th.
In 2020, Sir Michael Palin used his acceptance speech to pay tribute to his Monty Python co-star Terry Jones, who had died a week earlier.
A member of the Oper Frankfurt from 1974, she has appeared in major European opera houses, concert halls and international festivals.
In concert, she appeared in Mahler's Eighth Symphony, conducted by Michael Gielen, with seven other soloists, three choirs and the Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester, at the opening of the Alte Oper concert hall on 28 August 1981, which was recorded live.
Ruth Grossenbacher-Schmid (born 13 September 1936 in Cape Town, South Africa; originally from Obererlinsbach, canton of Solothurn) is a Swiss politician of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP).
Ruth Schmid was born in 1936 as the youngest of three daugters of a Swiss family in Cape Town, South Africa.
Her father emigrated to South Africa in 1921, where he took part to the construction of a shoe factory for the Swiss luxury house Bally.
The family came back to Switzerland in 1946 and Schmid's father worked at the headquarters of Bally in Schönenwerd in the canton of Solothurn.
In 1973, two years after the introduction of women's suffrage in the canton of Solothurn, Grossenbacher was elected to the communal council of Niedererlinsbach.
Upon her proposal, the CVP became the first people's party to introduce a 1/3 minimum women's quota in its boards by the end of 1991.
In the same year, Grossenbacher became a deputy in the National Council, where she made one's mark in the realms of education, social and culture policy.
Grossenbacher's concern for the issues of women, minorities and underprivileged people was an essential part of her long social and political commitment.
After she left she National Council in 1999, Grossenbacher took on numerous other functions, including the chairwomanship of the Solothurn Film Festival Society and of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
The is an archaeological site with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in what is now the city of Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
The actual name of the temple is unknown, and no structures of the original temple exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government in 1929.
The site is located located on the southeastern edge of the Hekikai Plateau on the right bank of the Yahagi River.
An excavation survey conducted in 1964 a survey related to the development of a historic park found the foundations of a pagoda, the Lecture Hall, and fragments other structures, including the Middle Gate and South Gate.
The condition of many of these foundations was found to be very poor, so in many causes the exact size and position of the buildings could only be estimated, but the layout was similar to that of Shitenno-ji in Osaka.
From the side of the foundation, the height of the pagoda can be estimated to be 11.35 meters, or roughly the same size as the pagoda at Hōryū-ji in Nara.
The Kondo was 15.3 meters by 12.2 meters, and the Lecture Hall was 30.15 meters x 16.25 meters and was an eight x four bay hall.
The excavated artifacts included roof tiles, tile towers, iron nails, Sue ware pottery, ash-glazed pottery, and fragments of Buddhist statuary The style of roof tiles appears strongly influenced by Goguryeo, and is unique to the area.
One of the artifacts found was a bronze casket decorated similar to one found at the Shōsōin in Nara, indicating that this temple had some connection with either the Korean peninsula or the Asian continent.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2015 event featured ten professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
On February 7, 2015, it was reported that Genichiro Tenryu had decided to retire from professional wrestling with his final match scheduled to take place later in the year.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on June 28, Yukio Sakaguchi earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Kudo.
The next match was a Rumble rules match in which tag teams competed by entering the match one after another at regular intervals.
Amongst the participants were Great Kojika from Big Japan Pro Wrestling who teamed up with Gorgeous Matsuno, and Aja Kong from Oz Academy who teamed up with Makoto Oishi.
The match also saw the professional wrestling debut of LiLiCo, a comedian and TV personnality who had already taken part in several DDT events in previous years.
In this match, both participants were blindfolded, wore a bra and a giant tiger trap was set up in the middle of the ring.
The eighth match saw Strong BJ (Daisuke Sekimoto and Yuji Okabayashi) from Big Japan Pro Wrestling defend the KO-D Tag Team Championship against the Golden☆Storm Riders (Kota Ibushi and Daisuke Sasaki).
He started going to Milan and Paris Fashion Week with her in 2015, and started photographing backstage and runway at fashion shows.
The is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku) on limited express services in Shikoku, Japan.
Hans-Peter Hasenfratz (February 22, 1938 – December 15, 2016) was a Swiss religious scholar who was Professor of Religious Studies at the Ruhr University Bochum.
The is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Nara period Buddhist temple located in what is now the city of Toyota, Aichi, Japan.
The temple no longer exists but the ruins of the foundation of its pagoda was designated as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government in 1929.
The site is located on a hill on the left bank of the Kagogawa River, and takes its name from the local hamlet, as the original name of the temple is unknown.
The roof tiles appear to be of the same design and origin as the Kitano temple ruins, located further south in Aichi Prefecture.
The cornerstone of pagoda has a diameter of 1.6 meters with an almost circular 15-cm diameter granite core, surrounded by three stones which may have been cornerstones.
Aside from the pagoda foundation, the remainder of the site is in very poor condition and an excavation survey conducted by the Toyota City Board of Education in 2002 found nothing of consequence.
Shui Tsiu San Tsuen was a Hakka village inhabited by the Yeung () and the Wong () who worked for the Tang Clan as early as the mid-17th century.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
Louie Bickerton and Meryl O'Hara Wood defeated the first seeds Esna Boyd and Sylvia Harper 6–3, 6–3 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.
The temple claims without written evidence that its statues of Shaka Nyōrai and the flanking Jizo Bosatsu and Senju Kannon are works of the famed Kamakura period sculptor Unkei.
Honkō-ji's cemetery contains the graves of the chieftains of the Fukōzu-Matsudaira clan and was designated as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government in 2014.
The mortuary chapel of the 5th generation chieftain, Matsudaira Tadatoshi (1582-1632) is called the Shōkei-dō (肖影堂), and survives to the present day.
After this defeat, Minister for Immigration Arthur Calwell sought legislation to close the loophole, leading to the War-time Refugees Removal Act 1949.
Edson Oliver Sessions (November 5, 1902 Toledo, Ohio - November 15, 1987 Laguna Hills, California) was a consulting engineer from Chicago who served as the American Ambassador to Finland (1959-1960) and Ecuador (1968-1970).
(Another source says he stayed at Bendix until 1935, when he opened up his own company called Sessions Engineering Company of Chicago).
Sessions was appointed Deputy Postmaster General by Dwight D. Eisenhower and served until Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him Ambassador to Ecuador.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
A house painter from Rockland, Maine, Burpee served two single-year terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1854-1855) and four single-year terms in the Maine Senate (1858-1859; 1866-1867).
Because its purple-flowers bloom for most of the year, this tree is ofteny used for gardening in Brazil, where is known by the name quaresmeira.
Considered as one of the most ornamental species of the tropical flora for the foliage as well as for the abundant flowering, which lasts from spring to late autumn, it is widely cultivable in the tropical and subtropical climate zones.
He helped his team to the All-Ireland Championship in 2011, scoring two goals in his team’s 2-1 victory in the All-Ireland final.
Ahu was part of the underage set up at Shelbourne F.C before then joining then manager Johnny McDonnell's first team squad on 13 May 2014.
He was also the first Knight in the FDU men's soccer program history to be named a CoSIDA All-American, which he earned back to back in 2017 and 2018.
He was named NEC Player of the Week (10/2) after scoring the opening goal of the evening in the Knights' come-from-behind win against Bucknell on 9/27 and assisting on the overtime game-winner.
He finished the 2017 season tied for team lead in goals with seven and in 2018 finished with a team high 8 goals.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
The film follows a young woman named Amber (Sariah Hopkin) who is sent to live with her father (Ruel Brown), someone she hasn't seen since a car accident that took the life of her mother more than 10 years ago.
Amber finds an elf named Lythorin (Clint Pulver) hiding in the woods, trying to elude an FBI agent (Bob Richardson) tasked to destroy all elves.
Amber and Lythorin fall in love and the elf must decide if he wants to stay alone or be with Amber.
Las golfas is a 1969 Mexican film directed by Fernando Cortés and starring Isela Vega, Gilda Mirós, Gina Romand, José Luis Rodríguez and Ángel Garasa.
Fry Group Foods is a family-owned manufacturer of vegan meat substitutes founded by South Africans Wally and Debbie Fry in 1991.
He decided to follow the example of his vegetarian wife Debbie and daughter Tammy after observing the inhumane conditions in a working pig farming facility built by his own construction firm.
Wally and Debbie created meat substitutes in their Durban home for personal consumption to help Wally adapt to his new meat-free diet.
As public demand for vegan food in South Africa was marginal at the time, the company had to innovate as a manufacturer in a new market.
In 1998 the company began exporting its meat substitutes from South Africa to Australia, where its headquarters have been based since 2014. its frozen food products, which are manufactured in a custom-built factory in Durban and by a contractor in Cornwall, are sold by supermarket chains and other retailers in over 30 countries.
it has expanded to include over 35 products that resemble various meat products including schnitzels, sausage rolls, chicken nuggets, mince and polony but are made without any meat, egg or dairy ingredients.
The unpatented plant-based meat substitutes are made from legumes, grains, natural flavouring and spices, and do not contain any genetically modified ingredients.
Queen Eleanor is an 1858 oil-on-canvas painting by Pre-Raphaelite artist Frederick Sandys which depicts Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, the wife of King Henry II of England, on her way to poison her husband's mistress, Rosamund Clifford..
The traditional story recounts that King Henry concealed his affair from Queen Eleanor by conducting it within the innermost recesses of a complicated maze.
Queen Eleanor penetrated the labyrinth while trailing a red cord, shown in the subject's left hand, and forced her rival to choose between a dagger and the bowl of poison.
Sweden held its European Parliament election on 26 May 2019 in the same week as 27 other countries to fill Sweden's 20 seats in the parliament.
The Swedish results are counted by county only, since the seats are shared on a national basis, rendering eight fewer counting areas than in Riksdag elections.
Annie O'Keefe was an Indonesian woman and one of 15,000 people who were evacuated to Australia from nearby countries during World War II and given sanctuary.
She married an Australian, believing that the marriage would also allow her remain, but the government issued a deportation order for Annie and the children in January 1949.
This was because she had not formally been given the status of a prohibited immigrant when she was allowed to enter Australia with a certificate of exemption, so the expiration of the certificate did not make her liable to deportation as a prohibited immigrant.
The case proved the Aliens Deportation Act 1948 a failure, leading the Minister for Immigration Arthur Calwell to push forward with the War-time Refugees Removal Act 1949.
One Digital Entertainment (ODE) founded in 2013, is India’s leading digital video and creator network that focuses on scouting and grooming talent on digital platforms .
Their key talents on-board include creators of the likes of Prajakta Koli, CarryMinati, Dhanashree Verma, Badshah, Raftaar, Sanjeev Kapoor, Armaan Malik to name a few.
One of the early successes for One Digital Entertainment was in 2014 where they partnered with the popular, then youth icon, MTV VJ and Roadies Host Rannvijay Singha for the show ‘Hitched’.
The show was first of its kind digital web-series which showcased the wedding festivities of Rannvijay and his then to-be-wife Priyanka Vohra.
They collaborated with Vodafone India (now Vodafone-Idea) for a two-track deal with Raftaar, one of the celebrated Indian rappers, for their Vodafone U campaign.
In 2016, one of India’s largest motorcycle manufacturer Mahindra Two Wheelers teamed-up with ODE to produce and create a unique digital travelogue and web series named Mahindra Mojo Mountain Trail, featuring Rannvijay Singha and 28 other riders.
The riders had to cover a distance of 3000+ kilometers on the Mahindra Mojo Bikes across Himalayas, braving extreme climates and treacherous terrains.
Yatra.com, India’s leading online travel portal partnered with Prajakta Koli, an ODE talent, in 2017 to create a series of videos called ‘Mostly Yatra’.
In November 2018 ODE curated a collaboration between the Indian rapper Badshah and Simon Fuller's pop band Now United with Pepsi India.
In the same year, One Digital Entertainment co-produced a unique reality-based musical web-series titled 'Lockdown' along with Afterhours, which is the production house of India’s popular rapper Badshah.
The series featured Bollywood artists like Raftaar, Kailash Kher, Sachin Jigar, Monali Thakur collaborating with digital artists like Shirley Setia, Jonita Gandhi, Raja Kumari, Mickey Singh among others.
The Spice Traveler is a digital food and travel series produced by One Digital Entertainment in 2014 with celebrity Chef Saransh Goila.
Brands like VisitBritain and Virgin Atlantic Airways came on-board for the 20-episode series which was made available on Saransh Goila's YouTube Channel and ZengaTV.com.
The series was extensively shot in the UK featuring Virgin Atlantic's on-board food & cocktails along with a few of UK's culinary gems.
This food travelogue required the chef to travel across Britain’s lesser-known food destinations and cook a feast with the local ingredients.
SOS is a documentary web-series that brings forward real-life stories of suicide attempt survivors and dismantle the stigma around mental illness.
They engaged with the Indian pop-rock band Euphoria to produce the track ‘Main Hoon’ to spread awareness around the issue of mental illness.
In 2017, One Digital Entertainment partnered-up with Saavn (now JioSaavn) to create the first-ever hip-hop dedicated podcast – ‘Hip Hop Highway’ in India.
The podcast offered the listeners a chance to hear Indian artists, promoters, labels, producers, and the upcoming talent to talk about the hip hop genre in India.
This collaboration between Fremantle Media and One Digital Entertainment created around 800 minutes of original content across channels like YouTube, Facebook, and ZengaTV.
The talent hunt had more than 35 celebrity mentors like Raftaar, Sunny Leone, Anu Malik, Vishal Dadlani, Salim Merchant, Jazzy B & more.
To promote Independent Hip-Hop and Rap music, One Digital Entertainment with MTV India co-conceptualized, curated and produced MTV Spoken Word Season 1 & 2 in 2014 and 2015 with Panasonic Mobile as the primary sponsor.
India's Digital Chef is India's first-ever digital food reality show produced by One Digital Entertainment in 2018 featuring celebrity chefs like Sanjeev Kapoor, Saransh Goila and Amrita Raichand.
There were a host of hands-on workshops, panel discussions by creators and industry experts, experience zones including 360 Photobooth, Holocapture Booth, Holo Arcade and more.
The event was hosted by Sahil Khattar and the line-up included artists like Bhuvan Bam, Prajakta Koli, CarryMinati, Raftaar, Badshah, Armaan Malik, Jonita Gandhi, Gaurav Gera, JordIndian, The Viral Fever, Filter Copy along many others.
Born in the Netherlands to a Dutch father and an Icelandic mother, she moved to Iceland when she was 9 years old.
As per the contest's rules, the song will be performed in Icelandic in the semi-final, but may be sung in English if it advances to the final.
Elisabeth Lardelli (born as von Waldkirch on 21 February 1921 in Bern; died 9 March 2008 in Chur; originally from Poschiavo) was a politician of the Swiss People's Party.
After she moved to Chur in the canton of Grisons in 1950, she was the first woman to earn the lawyer patent in the canton of Grisons.
In 1974, she joined the National Council as a replacement for Leon Schlumpf who had been elected to the Council of States.
Tyra Wilkinson (born 17 August 1998) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a defender for Newtown United FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Wilkinson played for Saint Kitts and Nevis at senior level in the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship qualification and the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification.
The cognitive ecology of individual recognition has been studied in many species, especially in primates or other mammalian species that exhibit complex social behaviours, but very little research has been done on colonial birds.
If we were to define individual recognition, it would imply that a given individual has the capacity to discriminate a familiar individual from another one at any given time.
It is believed that in many species, group size is often a representation of social complexity, with higher social complexity demanding higher cognitive capabilities.
The logic behind this hypothesis is based on the principle that larger group size will require a higher degree of complexity in their interactions.
In primates, it has been shown that relative brain size, when controlling for the size of the species and the phylogeny, seemed to correlate with the size of the social group.
However, when reproducing such experiments in non-primate species, like with reptiles, birds and even other mammalian species, the correlation between brain size and social group size does not seems to exist.
Further research looking at bird cognitive ecology demonstrated that social complexity is a more reliable proxy for brain size, as it relies not only on the number of individuals but also on the degree of social interactions and more.
Being able to identify your mate is not all, recognition can also help in the context of mate selection as individual recognition allows birds to avoid inbreeding with conspecifics.
In the case of storm petrels, individual relatedness is assessed based on olfactory signatures that allow them to distinguish closely related individuals from non-related ones.
The capacity of an individual to identify conspecifics is not only used to avoid inbreeding, but can also be used in order to help closely related individuals.
Such instances can be seen in scrub jays, who's offspring stay after fledging in order to help raise the next brood.
Being able to recognize your own chick is essential in many colonial bird species as chicks can wander around and mix up with others' chicks.
Feeding the wrong chick would result in high cost for the parent with little to no benefit for their own reproductive success.
In herring gulls, chicks can be found wandering around the colony only a few days after hatching from the egg, creating a need for the parent to recognize its own chick.
However, in order to have evolved, recognition needs to be beneficial not only for one side, but for both sides, meaning that the chick has to be able to recognize its parents as well.
Still looking at herring gulls, chicks will often hide when the parents are not present in order to avoid being predated on by other adult herring gulls or any other predator.
In the case of bird species that raise many offspring at once, chicks that are able to recognize their parents may also increase their begging rate and therefore obtain more food in return.
It has been believed for a long time that birds had a very bad sense of smell, but recent studies have demonstrated that some species of birds such as the procellariiformes have a quite developed sense of smell.
In burrowing species such as in puffins, auks and petrels, smells seem to be at the basis of mate and nest recognition.
The procellariiformes, also known as tubed-noses, are one of the best studied groups when it comes to olfaction as they seem to have a quite developed sense of smell.
A study done on storm petrels showed that not only do petrels use olfaction in order to find their burrow and their mate, but that they are also aware of their own smell.
Petrels nest in dense colonies and use the smell of their mate or their own smell in order to find their burrow and avoid entering the wrong burrow.
Such a mechanism of recognition has also been shown in auks as they mostly fly at night, keeping them from using spatial memory in order to find their burrow.
Concerning chick recognition in burrowing birds, a researcher called Eduardo Minguez (1997) showed that there was no chick recognition in storm petrels.
One of the advantages of burrow nesting is that your chick is confined in the burrow until it is ready to fledge, eliminating the need for chick recognition.
There are few instances of burrowing birds that have the mechanism of chick recognition, but as recognition is a costly mechanism, it tends to be lost in many bird species for which it is not necessary.
Recognition based on acoustic signatures has been demonstrated in many bird species such as in penguins, swallows, gulls, razorbills and more.
They found that chicks could identify their parents based on an acoustic signature specific to the pattern of the call as well as the frequency of the parents call.
A similar study done on black-headed gulls in 2001 obtained similar results supporting that the acoustic signatures of parents' calls is most likely based on a redundant pattern and the frequency of the call with no effect regarding the amplitude.
This study also supported that the mechanism of acoustic recognition is most likely the same in most species within Laridae, the gull family.
This lack of recognition is most likely the result of cliff nesting, as chicks cannot explore far from the nest and get mixed with other chicks.
Razorbills exhibit parent-offspring recognition, but research has shown that only males and chicks exhibit such behaviour, meaning that females do not recognize their chick and vice versa.
However, when the chick will fledge, the only the male will bring the chick out at sea and will keep caring for its chicks for a little while after fledging, creating the need to be able to recognize its own chick.
Kaleah Smith (born 28 June 2001) is a Canadian-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a defender for the York Lions and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Mixing fiction with documentary in the direct cinema style and working with a cast of non-professional actors, the film depicts 1960s youth culture through a narrative fiction story about four teenagers in Quebec City mixed with segments in which Godbout directly interviews the actors about their goals, values and philosophies of life.
The film starred Andrée Cousineau, François Guy, Michèle Mercure and Louis Parizeau, as well as writer Jacques Languirand in a supporting role.
Guy and Parizeau were real-life musicians with the Montreal rock band Les Sinners, who provided two songs for the film's soundtrack, while Cousineau and Mercure were go-go dancers Guy and Parizeau knew from the club scene; Mercure was the daughter of actress Monique Mercure.
Following its Canadian theatrical premiere in 1968, the film was screened in the Director's Fortnight stream at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival.
She played for BYU at a college level and was 11th pick in the 2020 NWSL draft, going to Sky Blue FC.
She was named to the Big 10 all freshman team and She was redshirted for the 2016 season, during which she started for the U.S. 6 times at the FIFA U-20 World Cup.
As a junior, she started all 25 matches, recorded 13 clean sheets, and was named Big 10 defender of the year.
William R. Gill, a career member of the US Foreign Service, was named Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM) in Azerbaijan in 2016.
Kayla Uddenberg (born 24 October 2005) is a Canadian-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a midfielder for the under–14 of Aurora FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
() is a Brazilian drama film directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho, based on the novel of the same name by Clarice Lispector.
The film is going to be released by the end of 2020, in celebration for the 100th anniversary of the birth of the author Clarice Lispector.
Identified only by the initials G.H., she dismisses the maid and decides to do a general cleaning in the service room, which she supposes is filthy and full of uselessness.
The story is organized into chapters of systematic sequence - each begins with the same sentence that serves as a closure to the previous one.
Written in 1964, the novel is considered by the literary critics to be the most important work of the author Clarice Lispector.
Compared to its forerunner, the new union had a far more centralised structure, and it looked to expand by absorbing smaller unions.
In 1939, the Union of Clothing Workers and Kindred Trades in Belgium proposed a merger, but the Leather Workers' Union rejected the idea.
The Leather Workers' Union feared that it would be unable to sustain the action, but the General Union gave its support.
Ejike Collins Ngwoke (born 12 January 1995 in Enugu) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a Defensive midfielder for Yenicami Ağdelen.
Collins then moved to Bangladesh to play for Bangladesh Premier League club Muktijoddha Sangsad KC.He made his debut for the club on 4 August 2017 in a Bangladesh Premier League match against Rahmatganj MFS.
Calvonis Prentice (born 10 April 1997) is an American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a defender for the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Mediterranean Marine Science is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original research in the fields of Oceanography, Marine Biology, Fisheries, Marine Conservation, and Aquaculture in the Mediterranean and adjacent areas.
First published from 1979 under the name 'Thalassographica' it continued under the name 'Mediterranean Marine Science' in 2000 and restarted volume numbering too.
Tarvia Phillip (born 12 November 1995) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a defender for Conaree FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Phillip played for Saint Kitts and Nevis at senior level in the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship qualification and the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification.
Temitope Ogunsemo (born 3 January 1984) is a Nigerian technology entrepreneur, popularly known as the founder and CEO of Krystal Digital, an information technology company providing information management system to government-owned secondary schools in Nigeria.
He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Chemistry from the University of Ibadan and a Master of Science degree in Information Management System from the University of Salford, UK.
Temitope ventured into entrepreneurship at a very young age, setting up businesses even while he was still in the University recording successes and failures as he grew.
After obtaining his first degree, Temitope worked on a number of projects before founding his company, Krystal Digital one he started only after going through an ordeal in recovering his transcript from his Alma mater.
Today, the company's flagship product, Myskool Portal boast of over 65,000 active student users and is functional in all government-owned secondary schools in Nigeria.
Gemin initally discovered Flipnote Studio in 2009 after having animated via traditional means for a period of time and was inspired by 1930s cartoons, specifically the work of Tex Avery.
Allison Williams (born 15 March 1998) is an American-raised Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
She was a half time substitution in the 0–11 loss to Canada at the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship, one of the two biggest defeats in Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team history.
He is regarded as an important representative of the Flemish style of Baroque still life painting and a follower of the Flemish painter Abraham Brueghel who worked in Naples in the final quarter of the 17th century.
The Italian art historian and painter Bernardo de' Dominici stated that Aniello Ascione was very successful and that his works were in the collections of the lords and private individuals.
Abraham Brueghel is especially known for his still life paintings of southern fruits and flowers, which were typically assembled in front of a landscape.
Brueghel's style was characterised by its chiaroscuro, muted colors, and strong plastic forms as well as an ability to render textures realistically and create illusionistic effects confidently.
The union was founded on 22 November 1908, on the initiative of the National Federation of Cigar Makers, which merged into the new union.
Like its predecessor, the union supported the emigration of members who struggled to find work, and it founded branches in the United States for Belgian tobacco workers there.
In its early years, the union also focused on promoting the use of union labels on tobacco boxes, showing that the contents had been made by unionised workers.
However, branches in Turnhout moved to the union's Christian rival, and as tastes switched from cigars to cigarettes, increased mechanisation saw the total workforce in the industry fall.
Lauren L. Williams (born 27 September 1994) is an American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Williams played for Saint Kitts and Nevis at senior level in the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship qualification and the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification.
She is a tuxedo cat who resides in a little house specially built for her beside the McKinley Building of the university, where she first arrived during the 2017-2018 school year.
Herod Cobbina is a Ghanaian politician who served as the member of parliament for the Sefwi-Akontombra Constituency from 2005 to 2017.
Until losing the seat in the 2016 general election as an independent cadidate, he had been in parliament for three consecutive parliamentary terms.
In July 1914, Kopp's family buggy was struck in Paterson, New Jersey by a vehicle driven by Henry Kaufman, owner of a local silk factory.
George Ewing, an associate of Kaufman's, asked Kopp for a meeting after claiming to know about a plot to kidnap Fleurette.
Sheriff Robert Heath of Hackensack, New Jersey was impressed with Kopp's help in the case against Kaufman and made her his Under Sheriff.
She challenged her dismissal claiming that the law protected the jobs of civil servants that were appointed by the previous political party.
Christi-Anne Mills (born 27 July 2002) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a midfielder for Newtown United FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
In 2007, Bowers was appointed by Idaho governor Butch Otter as a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 10, seat A.
Kaylee Bennett (born 23 March 2004) is an American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a forward for Phillips Exeter Academy and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Foster Joseph Andoh (Born 18 August 1961) is the member of parliament of Hemang Lower Denkyira in the Central region of Ghana.
Nature reserves that are part of the national park include the Oostvaardersplassen, the Lepelaarplassen, the lake Markermeer, and the artificial archipelago Marker Wadden.
In 2019, governments and nature organizations agreed that they are committed to spend €470 million in the next twenty years to develop the park and to connect its separate parts.
After 2004, Khurshid Manzil developed into a major House and is now one of the Best House in the areas of Udgir District.
Distances to popular centers is: Udgir Railway Station 2 km,Latur airport 66 km, Gandhi Garden 1 km, Udgir Bus Stand 2 km and Shivaji Chowk 1 km.
John Lee Comstock (September 25, 1787, East Lyme, Connecticut - November 21, 1858, Hartford, Connecticut) was an American surgeon and educator, who served as a surgeon in the War of 1812.
Following the war, Comstock produced numerous books on science, including works on botany, chemistry, mineralogy, natural history and physiology, targeting schools and general audiences.
As of 1852, it was estimated to have sold 28-30,000 copies per year, totaling sales of over half a million copies.
Marcet's book went through multiple editions and became the most successful chemistry text in elementary schools in America during the first half of the 1800s.
On January 21, 1828, Comstock was issued a patent for the waterproofing of cloth through the making and application of a solution of India rubber dissolved in turpentine.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
Its natural habitat is renosterveld and succulent karoo vegetation, often growing in loamy soils or arid flood plains, with underlying calcrete.
As they mentioned in an interview in 2014, a central part of their collaborative process is to exchange ideas, which are then completed and produced together.
Arocha and Schraenen work across media, producing paintings, drawings, and prints, however, large-scale mirrored and interactive sculptural installations are central to their collaborative project.
Born in Venezuela (Caracas), Arocha grew up in a family of lawyers, whose interest in the humanities and culture had an impact on her education.
Moreover, the rich legacy of modern and contemporary art of her home country Venezuela, with Jesús Rafael Soto, Carlos Cruz-Diez and Alejandro Otero, to name just a few, has left a profound impact on her as well as the architecture and public artworks scattered through the city of Caracas.
A year after she graduated from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC), in 1995, she met Belgium painter Luc Tuymans while he was preparing his first exhibition in the United States at The Renaissance Society in Chicago.
He is the son of Guy and Anne Marsily, founders of the publishing house Guy Schraenen éditeur and the Archive for Small Press & Communication (A.S.P.C.
In 1992 he began studying Communication and Journalism at the AP Hogeschool Antwerpen and studied Graphic Design at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp).
In that same year, he started modeling for Belgium fashion designers such as, among others, Walter Van Beirendonck, Dries van Noten, Veronique Branquinho, and Nico Vandervoorst, many of which had previously studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp).
The 2020 New Brunswick Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of New Brunswick is currently being held January 29 to February 2 at the Capital Winter Club in Fredericton, New Brunswick.
The film stars Robert Charlebois as Garou, a committed pacifist who is detained by mysterious authorities who try to brainwash him into supporting and defending war, and Claudine Monfette as his girlfriend.
Following its Canadian theatrical premiere in 1968, the film was screened in the Director's Fortnight stream at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival.
Film historian Thomas Waugh also later analyzed the film as an early advance in LGBTQ representation in Canadian film; although not addressing an LGBTQ-themed story, the film includes two brief scenes of same-sex couples (one each male and female) kissing, a practice which was then rare in cinema.
She then returned to Senegal and became an independent investment consultant based in Dakar, Senegal, for nearly two and one half years.
Beginning in October 2017, the founders of The Collective began to exchange ideas, culminating in the opening of the business in early 2019.
Alija Šuljak (1901—1992) was prominent Bosnian Muslim Croat who was professor, politician and military officer of Ustaše during the World War II, best known as one of main perpetrators of Genocide of Serbs in Eastern Herzegovina.
Šuljak belonged to a group of notable Muslims who declared their ethnicty as Croatian and struggled for the Independent State of Croatia.
Šuljak propagated Ustaše ideology in Gacko even before World War II, promoting fascism and disseminating religious and ethnic hatred toward Serbs.
Before the World War II Šuljak lived in Dubrovnik, as Ustaše commissioner for Dubrava County and professor at Commercial Academy in Dubrovnik.
When Axis occupied Yugoslavia in April 1941 and Ustaše proclaimed establishment of Croatia, Šuljak visited Ustaše leader Ante Pavelić during the first reception he organized on 24 April 1941 and on behalf of Muslims from Bosnia and Herzegovina held a greeting speech.
On 27 May 1941 Šuljak and Togonal held speech in hotel in Gacko emphasizing that all Serbs are to be exterminated, and those who can not be exterminated are to be expelled to Serbia.
At the end of Autumn 1941 Alija Šuljak went to the region of Borač and organized Ustaše units in Borač who torched Serb populated villages of Bodenište and Vratlo.
Šuljak participated in the Holocaust in Croatia when he participated in organization of Ustaše transport to Kerestinec camp of Jews on Krešimir Square in Zagreb in October 1941.
Šuljak belonged to a group of Muslims who supported establishment of the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian).
Son of Alija Šuljak is Turkish businessman Nedim Šuljak who was subjected to police investigation in relation to international arms smuggling during and after the War in Bosnia.
Reid is the daughter of Sherman Lee, an art historian who had expertise in Asian art and the director of the Cleveland Museum of Art from 1958 to 1983.
From her childhood, her interest in art grew when her father would bring home photographs of artwork from art dealers and ask her what she would buy if she were director.
From 1982 to 1991, Reid served as the assistant director and the deputy director of the Art Institute of Chicago, and then as the director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) from 1991 to 2000.
During her tenure as director, the VMFA opened installations exhibiting Fabergé art and ancient Egyptian art and expanded outreach programs specifically targeted towards the African-American community of Richmond, Virginia.
Furthermore, she initiated a $110-million expansion and renovation of the museum and helped to found an organization named Museums on the Boulevard (MOB).
Prior to her position at the VMFA, she also worked as a curator at the Ackland Art Museum, the Smart Museum of Art and the Toledo Museum of Art.
In her time as director, the museum broke ground for a renovation and expansion designed by Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly, as well as the creation of a separate department of African art in 2001.
The museums notable acquisitions under her tenure included works by Salvador Dalí, Fitz Hugh Lane, Lee Krasner, Augusta Savage and Frank Stella.
She retired from her directorship in 2005 to spend time with family and in 2006 Timothy Rub became the museum's next director.
Reid has been honored with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the Government of France, and has been awarded honorary degrees by Knox College and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Revolution Spring is the upcoming seventh studio album by the Detroit, Michigan punk rock band The Suicide Machines, set to be released on March 27, 2020 by Fat Wreck Chords.
Leranja Wilkinson (born 5 February 1996) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a midfielder for Newtown United FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Pteronia oppositifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, indigenous to the western Little Karoo and Overberg regions of South Africa.
The distribution of this species is confined to the western Little Karoo as far north as Touws River and Anysberg, as well as the Overberg region, as far east as Mossel Bay.
Claus Herluf Stenholt Clausen (October 21, 1921, Los Angeles – 2002) was a Danish ichthyologist, known for his work on the river fish of West Africa.
Webster won a scholarship to study at the National Art Training Schools (which was renamed the Royal College of Art) before attending the Royal Academy Schools from 24 January 1899 to 1904.
He was a good student and won scholarships and prizes including: a scholarship for painting in 1901; first prize (£50 and a silver medal) in a competition for six drawings of a figure from life.
By the age of 23 he was living in Putney, London with his mother Mary and his elder sister Gertrude Mary, a shorthand-typist (b.
He still lived at that address when he died on 30 April 1959 leaving £6,158 17s 9d to his widow Susan and his sister Gertrude.
Having once attended the Royal Academy Schools, Webster started exhibiting works at the Royal Academy, and continued to exhibit there almost every year until his death in May 1959.
He also exhibited at the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, Royal Glasgow Institute and the Paris Salon.
He was a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours (RI) and the Royal Institute of Oil Painters (ROI) and these designations are sometimes given after his name.
Webster's work can be seen in many public collections in the UK including The Walker Art Gallery, Gallery Oldham, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries, McLean Museum and Art Gallery, Wellcome Collection, and the Government Art Collection.
Yuri Nikolaevich Gladkikh (; born 8 October 1960) is a Soviet former footballer who played as a midfielder in the 1970s and 1980s.
In 1983, Gladkikh joined Soviet First League side FC Iskra Smolensk, where he would make nearly 100 league appearances over four years.
He also helped the club reach the semi-finals of the 1984–85 Soviet Cup, and was awarded Master of Sports of the USSR that year.
Josanna Williams (born 28 March 2003) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a forward for Cayon FC and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
Williams played for Saint Kitts and Nevis at senior level in the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship qualification and the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification.
Malvina Bråkenhielm born Hilda Ingeborg Malvina Gabriella Runsten (December 25, 1853 – December 25, 1928) was a Swedish writer of 30 novels and 250 short stories.
Her elder sister Laura Fitinghoff would also be a writer and she would describe the 1860s when the family helped those worse than themselves.
By December her not strong new husband had turned to drink and had made her a widow for a second time and a mother of a third child.
In her life she wrote more than 30 novels and 250 short stories but she did not rate them very highly.
She worked as a singing teacher in Uppsala but poverty eventually drove her to live with her sister Laura, but this was problematic.
The National Association of Black Supplementary Schools (NABSS) is a resource, information and advice centre for supplementary schools aimed at black children and parents in the United Kingdom.
Supplementary schools for the children of Caribbean and African migrants in the UK were first set up in the 1970s to combat the impact of racism on the educational achievement of black children.
Its first chairman was John La Rose, and it initially received funding from the Inner London Education Authority before that was shut down by Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government in 1989.
It forms one of a set of public parks established in the 1930s by Captain Arnold Sandys-Winsch, and was built by unemployed men using government funding.
When the current park was opened in 1933, it was considered to be the finest park in East Anglia, with a pavilion in the style of Moderne architecture, a bandstand, sports facilities, gardens and a children's playground as part of its design.
Waterloo Park owes its existence to the work of the Norwich Playing Fields and Open Spaces Society, which saw how the urban population in the Angel Road area of the city was increasing rapidly, and so worked with the authorities to preserve land for use as a recreational space.
A new park, known at that time as the Catton Recreation Ground, was opened in May 1904, and included gardens created by local schoolchildren.
In 1911, a proposal was made by the manufacturer Edwards & Holmes to build a shoe factory on land at Waterloo Park, an idea which never materialised.
The park was completely redesigned in 1929 by Captain Arnold Sandys-Winsch, originally from Cheshire, who had been appointed as the Norwich City Parks and Gardens Superintendent in 1919.
By the time he had retired in 1956, Sandys-Winsch had helped to create of urban parks and open spaces, and 20,000 trees.
After one air raid, the bodies of factory workers from across the other side of the city arrived at the park under police escort, to the horror of people using the nearby tennis courts, who had been unaware of the raid that had happened.
Waterloo Park and its pavilion, pagodas, bandstand and front gates are all designated as Grade II* listed structures, due to the park being considered to be a good example of an early twentieth century municipal park.
Since the 1960s, some of the facilities have been modified, so that original features such as the school garden and the moat around the edge of the central garden no longer exist.
In 1962, £1000 was spent by the council in renovating the pavilion, an expense which was criticized by the local press at the time.
The work done by the Countryside Commission in the early 1970s failed to provide for the needs of urban parks in the UK, and after losing its permanent team of dedicated staff, the buildings and landscape within Waterloo Park started to deteriorate.
The park was amongst the earliest to be placed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, when it was included on the list in 1993.
In 2000, Norwich City Council was amongst the first recipients to succeed in obtaining funds from the Urban Parks Programme of the Heritage Lottery Fund to restore its historic parks.
In 2015, Norwich City Council resolved to deal with problems with the water-damaged roof of the pavilion by spending £210,000 on repairs that year, and £40,000 during 2016/17.
In 2017, after the main repairs had been completed, the restored pavilion was reopened as a café, as part of an enterprise to assist low-risk prisoners and ex-offenders to gain work experience.
Working in partnership with the council, Britannia Enterprises planned to help maintain and restore the park as well as run the café.
In 2018 the Friends of Waterloo Park was set up, with the initial aim of bringing more sporting opportunities, children's activities and live music to the park.
The park also has a children's playground, tennis courts, and open areas once used to play cricket and hockey, as well as toilet facilities.
The flowerbeds, which once contained roses and annuals that were very expensive to maintain, now have plants that can be sustained ecologically, as they are perennials.
The film follows Hank after his longtime girlfriend Abby leaves town unannounced, as he discovers that a mysterious creature has begun stalking him every night.
It will be released in limited theaters and VOD platforms in the United States through Cranked Up Films on Feb 14, 2020.
Qapik Attagutsiak (born 11 June 1920) is the last known surviving contributor to the war effort in Inuit communities during World War II, particularly the drive to collect animal bones and carcasses for the Allied munitions effort.
She began to learn midwifery from her mother when she was 10 years old, becoming a midwife when she was 18, and subsequently working as a seamstress.
She had 14 children with Attagutsiak, the first of which was born in 1939, and she adopted two more after Attagutsiak's death in 1984.
Qapik was 20 years old when news of World War II reached her community in 1940, and she is now the last known surviving member of the Inuit wartime efforts during World War II.
During World War II, the Government of Canada and the Department of Munitions and Supply instituted the National Resources Mobilization Act, encouraging citizens to salvage as much waste as possible, with the goal of repurposing used materials like metal, rubber, and paper into wartime munitions.
Because these materials were not abundant in the Canadian Arctic, instead Inuit communities began to collect animal bones and carcasses to be shipped down to industrial cities and ports for use in the ongoing munitions drive.
One center of the bone and carcass collection efforts was a springtime hunting camp on an island called Qaipsunik, near Igloolik in contemporary Nunavut.
The members of the camp collected about three bags of animal bones and carcasses per day from 1940 through 1945, where each bag weighed about 125 pounds.
The bags were packaged by older members of the community, and then existing Hudson's Bay Company shipping routes were used to transport the bags to southern Canadian ports in cities like Montreal and Halifax where the materials were processed into ammunition, glue for aircraft, or fertilizer for the Canadian war effort.
In January 2020, a ceremony in Gatineau was organised by Parks Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces at the Canadian Museum of History to honour Qapik's contributions as the only known surviving representative of the wartime efforts by Inuit communities during World War II.
She has also contributed to academic studies of health promotion, and the use of technology to improve health outcomes, among Inuit people living cities.
In 2014, a photo by Clare Kines that documented Qapik's traditional lifestyle was a finalist in the Global Arctic Awards International Photography Competition, and was exhibited internationally.
He has presented and produced for a number of UK radio networks, including national UK networks BBC Radio 1, Capital and Heart radio.
His work on the late night show for Galaxy radio performed well, leading him to secure other positions within the Galaxy Network.
He toured much of the UK for a couple of years, presenting shows for Galaxy radio in Manchester, Newcastle and Birmingham, as well as his native Yorkshire.
In 2011, it was announced that Cusack was to become the presenter for the weekend breakfast show on Capital in the North East.
As a DJ, Cusack has appeared at a number of major European festivals and appeared alongside major artists, such as Olly Murs on his 24 Hrs Tour.
Cusack's breakthrough year was rounded off with an appearance at Amnesia in Ibiza, playing on the same night as CamelPhat and Gorgon City.
He is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences and was awarded the British Institute of Radiology Sir Mackenzie Davidson Medal in 2009.
He moved to the United Kingdom shortly after, and completed a master's degree in pharmaceutical analysis at the University of Strathclyde.
He is Director of the Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, which combines synthetic chemistry, software development and biomedical science in an effort to diagnose and treat cancer patients.
He has demonstrated that artificial intelligence is significantly more accurate than blood tests in predicting the survival rates of ovarian cancer.
After graduating in Economics at Luiss Guido Carli University (1994) with a thesis on insurance, from 1995 to 1997 he served as an Administrative Official in the Italian Army.
After this experience, he came back to Luiss University working at first as an Assistant Professor and subject matter expert, and later as an Adjunct Professor in Economics and Management of Insurance Companies.
Between 1997 and 1999, in addition to his academic activity, he worked on alternative risk transfer analysis at the Italian Reinsurance Union, which later became Swiss Re.
Starting from 2003, he began to hold positions of increasing responsibility at Luiss University: from working as a Controller to holding the position of Deputy Director.
An advocate for the abolition of slavery and for women's rights, Dickinson was the first woman to give a political address before the United States Congress.
Bell, Jr., the daughter of Benjamin F. Crowley, vice president St.Johns River SB Co., and was launched on 4 September 1944.
A witness of most of the course of the Oxford Movement, he gave Sidney Leslie Ollard an anecdotal story about John Henry Newman and ritual: alleging that the Tractarian use of the mixed chalice was explained by their severe fasting.
The Eliot Place school, set up in 1805 by John Potticary, was also the origin of St Piran's, later in Maidenhead, where it was moved by Thomas Nunns around 1872, who had bought the school from Powles.
When she was five years old, she was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis which affected her joints in her hands, hips, knees and shoulder, she began table tennis in 2009 and started to play internationally in 2013.
In the 2016-2017 basketball season, Carrera played for the Russian side BC Avtodor Saratov where he averaged 7 points, 4.6 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game.
He moved to the Australian side Cairns Taipans in 2017 where he averaged 14.3 points, 3.6 rebounds and 1 assists per contest.
He moved to the NBA G League side Oklahoma City Blue in late 2017 where he averaged 7 points, 4.2 rebounds and 0.6 assists per game.
He moved to the Argentine side Obras Sanitarias in 2018 where he averaged 6.9 points, 4.9 rebounds and 0.4 assists per game.
He represented the team at 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup where he averaged 10 points, 5 rebounds and 1 assist at the tournament.
It contains two 50 meter-long pools (outside and inside), 33 meter pool for water polo, spa or other facilities including seating for 5000 spectators.
William Joseph Cosens Lancaster (1843–1922), known by the pseudonym Harry Collingwood, was a British civil engineer who wrote over 40 books, mostly in a nautical setting, in the boys’ adventure genre.
The Oxford Dictionary Of National Biography notes that most references, except his birth certificate, give his date of birth as 1851.
His application for Associate Membership of the Institution of Civil Engineers confirms this, showing his birth date as 23 May 1943.
However, this is impossible as the college only opened in 1873, and then only for those who had passed the exam for lieutenant.
This instution had over 210 boys on the rolls by 1865 and trained officers and men for both the Royal Navy and Merchant Marine.
In support of this contention is that the character Harry Collingwood in Lancaster's first book, states that he (Harry) was educated at the Royal Naval School at Greenwich.
In September 1860, at age 17, he began working as a pupil in the architectural office of G R Crickmay RIBA in Dorset.
He worked there in a range of posts until the end of 1870, by which time he was the Government Engineer and Surveyor for the Port District of Natal.
He returned to the UK in 1871 and worked on an eight-mile section of the Devon to London Railway for two years (the section of the London and South Western Railway from Okehampton to Lydford was under construction at this time).
In 1878, Lancaster married Kezia Hannah Rice Oxley (1848-1928), the fourth child of George Oxley, a provisions dealer, and Mary Rice.
He followed his father's example and became a Civil Engineer, and worked on the expansion of the Keyham Dockyard for Sir John Jackson Limited.
This pseudonym was chosen by the author in homage to Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood (whom Thackeray described as a virtuous Christian knight).
Lancaster's heros usually demonstrated the qualities of a virtuous Christian knight, so it is not surprising that many of his novels were published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
Lancaster reflected the prejudices of his time and class, and there are numerous examples of racism, ethnocentrism, sectarianism, and imperialist prejudices in his work.
Other recurrant themes in Lancaster's novels include storms, shipwreck, being castaway, piracy, slavery, buried treasure, long voyages in open boats, disasters at sea, derelict ships, and pearl fishing.
Lancaster was a keen yachtsman and yacht designer and the design of small craft to escape from isolated islands is a recurring theme in the novels.
However, the novels should not be taken as accurate portrayals of historical fact, as Lancaster changes event to suit the plot.
Numerous publishers have issued print-on-demand versions of his novels, and Amazon is offering over 80 different version of them for sale.
In 2019 he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 97 kg event at the 2019 European Games held in Minsk, Belarus.
This is a list of notable individuals and organizations who have voiced their endorsement of Amy Klobuchar's campaign for the Democratic Party's nomination for the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
His dramatic life has taken in cult stardom in Los Angeles, alcoholism, homelessness, and an unexpected return to recording in the new millennium.
In 1980, at age 30, he got a job as a doorman at the downtown Hong Kong Café, working with his guitar strapped around his neck.
It was recorded with old friends and fellow members of the L.A. punk scene: John Doe, Mike Watt, and Dave Alvin.
The 2020 Northern Ontario Men's Provincial Curling Championship, the men's curling championship of Northern Ontario is currently being held from January 29th to February 2nd at the Don Shepherdson Memorial Arena in New Liskeard.
The winning team will represent Northern Ontario at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario, Canada's national men's curling championship.
The event is being held in conjunction with the 2020 Northern Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the Northern Ontario women's curling championship.
Looney Tunes: Twouble!, known as Sylvester and Tweety: Breakfast on the Run in Europe, is a 2D and isometric, pseudo-3D platform video game featuring the Looney Tunes characters Sylvester and Tweety.
The player controls Sylvester and navigates him through 5 levels, which are divided into 2 parts (2D Mode and 3D Mode).
It stars Elio Germano as Italian painter Antonio Ligabue, who lived a notoriously reclusive life, troubled with physical problems and mental illness.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
The Hospitium of St John the Baptist was the hospitium, or dormitory for pilgrims, of Reading Abbey, which today is a large, ruined abbey in the centre of the town of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire.
The abbey school, which was founded in 1125, moved into the hospitium in 1485 as the Royal Grammar School of King Henry VII.
The abbey school still exists in the form of Reading School, a state grammar school, albeit in different buildings on a different site.
About 100 years after the abbey school occupied the hospitium, and after the dissolution of the monasteries, Reading town council created a new town hall by inserting an upper floor into the hospitium's refectory, leaving the lower floor to be used by the school.
This was the home of the town's administration for about 200 years, but the old refectory building eventually became structurally unsound.
Between 1785 and 1786, the refectory building was dismantled and replaced on the same site by the first of several phases of building that were to make up today's Town Hall.
The main building of the hospitium survived this demolition, and after various other uses, has now been incorporated into an office development, and is occupied by a children's nursery.
It abuts the main concert hall of Reading Town Hall to the west, and the south of the building opens directly onto the churchyard of St Laurence's Church.
The 45th César Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma, will take place on 28 February 2020, at the Salle Pleyel in Paris to honour the best French films of 2019.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
Pseudojuloides cerasinus, the smalltail wrasse or the pencil wrasee, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a wrasse from the family Labridae.
It is found in the tropical Pacific Ocean and was previously considered to have a much wider distribution but the recognition of new species has reduced this wide range.
It included quarry workers, stonemasons, and paviours, although the quarry workers were always the strongest section, and the stonemasons later left to join the construction workers' union.
It was initially known for its high membership fees, but it reduced these, and by 1913, it had 13,920 members, more than 30% of the total workforce.
After World War I, employment in the industry declined, as mechanisation increased, but initially the union's membership continued to grow, reaching a peak of 25,752 in 1921.
After the war, the union was a founding constituent of the General Federation of Belgian Labour, but it emerged from the war much weakened, with fewer members than its communist rival.
The 2029 Fiji Premier League is the 44th season of the Fiji Premier League (Vodafone Premier League for sponsorship reasons), the top-tier football league in Fiji organized by the Fiji Football Association since its establishment in 1977.
Current league champions Ba FC brought some important players like former Lautoka FC players Samuela Drudru, Beniamino Mateinaqara and Benjamin Totori.
They will also count on former New Zealand national football team head coach Ricki Herbert that signed a short-term contract with Ba FC until the end of 2020 OFC Champions League.
Suva FC also added some international power to their squad by bringing two Nigerian players: the defender Michael Oyesanya and the striker Jibola Afonja that played the 2019 season for Samoan side Kiwi.
Current Battle of the Giants, Inter-District Championship and Champion vs Champion winners Labasa FC managed to hold some key players like Siotame Kubu and Antonio Tuivuna that attracted the interest of Suva FC and Ba FC respectively.
Nadi FC will count on midfielder Avinesh Suwamy that left Ba after playing for the Men in Black for more than ten years.
The Silver State Cup is a regional soccer competition between the two USL Championship clubs located in the state of Nevada, Las Vegas Lights FC and Reno 1868 FC.
Luke Keeler (born 27 April 1987) is an Irish professional boxer who challenged for the WBO middleweight title in January 2020.
Keeler made his professional debut on 3 May 2013, scoring a first-round stoppage victory against Mihaly Voros at the Carlton Hotel in Dublin, Ireland.
In August 2018, Keeler said he got a phone call from Conor McGregor and said McGregor yelled at him and challenged him to a boxing match.
The league consists of 84 teams divided into 6 groups of 14 teams each and will begin on 13 April 2020.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
Elaine Majorie Brody (née Breslow: December 4, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an American gerontologist and sociologist, who studied cases on elderly Americans tended to by caregivers.
After graduating from the City College of New York, Brody left the University of Pittsburgh with a master's degree in social work.
She was employed as director of human resources and associate director at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center, which later expanded to researching the effects of aging elderly persons and their families.
Additionally, Brody taught psychiatry at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and served on several editorial boards of professional journals and review committees of multiple foundations.
Brody was born on December 4, 1922 in New York City, to dentist William J. Breslow and his bookkeeper and wife Frieda Horowitz.
In 1942. she graduated from City College of New York, and married future University of Pennsylvania aging and public policy expert Stanley J. Brody (died 1997) a year later.
While Brody's husband was serving in the United States Navy during World War II, he encouraged her to enroll in graduate school.
In 1957, she began seeking part-time employment in psychiatric social work with children, and wanted this arrangement so she could care for her own school age offspring in the afternoon.
Brody could not find work with children, and accepted a position as director of the department of human resources and associate director at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) (now the Abramson Center for Jewish Life), a home for elderly Jewish women.
Brody assisted other researchers in transforming the PGC and its Polisher Institute to leaders in elderly care and gerontology by expanding from around 150 to 1,500 beds.
She also taught at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, serving as adjunct associate professor of social work in psychiatry, and was the Polisher Institute's associate director of research.
In 1969, she and M. Powell Lawton developed a disability measure called the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale to use in the planning and evaluation of treatment for elderly people in the community and institutions.
Brody led a $250,000 study on individualized treatment of elderly persons who were mentally impaired, and testified before the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging that same year, noting few studies on the aged population of the United States had been done in the prior 15 years.
In 1971, she was made head of a project to prepare a manual of long term care for the elderly for use by agency social workers, administrators, nurses, and physicians to help them understand the potential of social work in caring and treating the elderly.
The book has an overview of long-term care facilities and provided the reader with insights into the role of a facility social worker.
She became president of the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) in 1980, becoming the fourth woman to serve in the role, and was named the winner of the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work's Distinguished Alumni Award two years later.
Brody conducted a study in 1986 that discovered 28 percent of females stayed at home to care for her elderly mothers and left the workforce to do so.
She advised employers to provide adaptable working hours, and provide them with bereavement leave had been a death in the affected person's family.
In the next year, the Medical College of Pennsylvania gave Brody an honorary doctorate, and retired from the PGC in 1988 after 31 years.
She was also made a distinguished Scholar of the National Academies of Practice, and from 1987 to 1992, was a member of the Congressional Advisory Panel on Alzheimer’s disease.
Brody also worked on multiple editorial boards of professional journals, and the review committee of the National Institute of Mental Health and other foundations and directed fifteen research studies on multiple issues that were funded by the federal state.
It examined pressures, trends and values that created problems in woman doing elderly care as they brought up their children at the same time.
Her research on elderly individuals contributed to the establishment of gerontology and her efforts serve as a precednt for researching this field.
She provided coverage of research, policy, and practice with her ability to combine the intersections of economic pressure and gender, and was informed of a resistance to family propaganda by being knowledgeable on the state of long-term care.
It is based on the story of Barbareek, who had enough power to turn the tide of the battle any way he wanted.
Wedgwood argued that Mandatory Palestine should, like New Zealand, Australia and the British territories, become a self-governing dominion within the British Commonwealth.
The Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine should, Wedgwood argued, be allowed to form a bi-national Commonwealth just as the British and French inhabitants of Canada had been permitted to do.
Stiebitz began her acting career in 2010 with a part in the Benedek Fliegauf movie Womb and in the television series Wie erziehe ich meine Eltern?, in which she played the role of Konstanze Mittenzwey.
She achieved international recognition in 2017 for her portrayal of Franziska Doppler, a young rebel who has a strained relationship with her parents and wants to escape from the town where she lives in the TV series Dark.
Since then she has appeared in other television series in his country and in 2019 it was announced that Stiebitz would repeat his role as Franziska in the second season of Dark , premiered on Netflix in June of that year.
The academic dress of the University of Tasmania describes the formal attire of robes, gowns and hoods prescribed by the ordinance of academic dress of the University of Tasmania.
Members of the University Council wear a master's gown, ornamented with gold trim and embroiled gold shoulder epaulettes, with a black cloth trench cap with black tassel.
Each office holder's academic dress includes a black gown trimmed with gold braid, either a black velvet bonnet trimmed with gold cord and tassle, or a black velvet trencher cap with gold tassel, and a number of bands of embroidery depending on the office.
For undergraduates holders of associate diplomas academic dress constitutes a plain black stuff gown and a black cloth trench cap with black tassel as well as a stole of silk 10 centimetres wide, tapering to 4.5 centimetres across the shoulders, and of the length of the gown on each side.
For bachelor degree holders a gown of black cloth of the same shape as that worn by Bachelor of Arts in the University of Oxford, with a black cloth trencher cap with black tassel and a good of black silk of the lined to a depth of 5 centimetres with coloured silk in the tippet and cowl.
For Masters a gown of black cloth, of the same shape as that worn by Masters of Arts at the University of Oxford should be worn.
A black cloth trencher cap with black tassel and a hood of black silk lined entirely with silk to the colour of the relevant college, school or specialist institute.
The first relates to all Doctors of Philosophy which includes an academic dress of a festal gown of black cloth, fully lined in the sleeves and faced on the full length of the lapels with a width of 10 centimetres with scarlet silk, a black velvet bonnet trimmed with scarlet cord and tassel and a hood of scarlet cloth lined with scarlet silk.
For doctors, other than doctors of philosophy and professional doctorates, and for masters of surgery, a festal gown of scarlet cloth, faced on the full length of the lapels to a width of 10 centimetres with coloured silk, with open pointed sleeves fully lined with coloured silk and turned back above the elbow should be worn for academic dress.
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders are entitled to wear an additional scarf as part of their academic dress styled after the Australian Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag.
Haraktor (also referred to as Deulbhita) is a village in the Para CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Haraktor had a total population of 1,309, of which 656 (50%) were males and 653 (50%) were females.
The images of Hara-Parbati, Jain Tirthankar, Gayetri, Lokeswar and Bishnu in different postures bear the architectural grace of the 10th century.
According to a news report, numerous statues related to Jainism and Hinduism found in the mound at Haraktor have led to the popular belief that there was a craft centre there.
Subash Roy, a history researcher, feels that the craft centre came up on the banks of the Harak River around the 9th century.
Many of the statues have been preserved in the Basanti temple, primarily as a result of the efforts of the local priest Sudhir Mishra.
Para Block Primary Health Centre, with 30 beds, at Para, is a major government medical facility in the Para CD block.
at the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Milkovich worked as a judicial clerk for Fred C. Sexton Jr. of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
In 2015, Milkovich announced he would run for the 38th district of the Louisiana State Senate, vacated by term-limited Republican Sherri Smith Buffington.
After failing to win a majority in the first round, Milkovich defeated state representative Richie Burford in the runoff with 52% of the vote.
Milkovich was defeated in his bid for a second term in 2019 by Republican Barry Milligan, who won a majority in the first round.
On April 29, 2019, during a vote on Senator Regina Barrow's legislation to expand a state immunization database, Milkovich caused controversy by repeating unscientific and debunked claims about vaccinations and autism.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
It has leaves which are about 8 cm by 4 cm, on stalks from 1 cm to more than 3 cm long.
The peduncles are about 6 mm and the bracts 5 mm by 1.2 mm, with flowers on pedicels nearly 3 mm long.
It was nominated for Album of the Year and Instrumental Album of the Year at the 2020 Juno Awards, with Stréliski also being nominated for Breakthrough Artist of the Year.
Power in One is the ninth and final studio album by punk rock band Wipers, released in 1999 by Zeno Records.
In an interview on BBC Radio 1's Indie Show with Jack Saunders, English said that the album idea came from her passiveness in everyday life and the need of changing it, of doing the things that she wanted to do and move on with life.
At the European Wrestling Championships he won two medals: in 2016 he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 98 kg event and in 2017 he won the silver medal in the men's 98 kg event.
In the early 2000s he produced several shows for SVT, including Söndagsöppet, Guldbaggen and the comedy documentary series with Henrik Schyffert.
In 2010 Lagergren left the TV industry and started to work as VFX Producer at Fido film, on both commercials and the films Attack The Block, Underworld Awakening and David Attenborough's Natural History Museum Alive.
The latter project was nominated for a BAFTA (Special, Visual & Graphic Effects) in 2014.In 2017 Fido film merged into the newly formed VFX studio Goodbye Kansas Studios and Lagergren was appointed Marketing Director.
Lagergren has worked with art projects since the 1990s and had his first public art exhibition in 2010, followed by about one exhibition every year.
Lagergren's art technique is to build model ships, sink them for 2-4 years and let Nature act a co-creator, an art process that hasn't been seen much of before.
It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival.
After heavy casualties in March 1944, it was first briefly reassembled in August 1944 and then reorganized into the 62nd Volksgrenadier Division, formed from units assembled for the planned 583rd Volksgrenadier Division, on 22 September 1944.
62nd Volksgrenadier Division remained operational until it was trapped in the Ruhr Pocket and forced to surrender by American forces in April 1945.
For the Invasion of Poland that started on 1 September 1939, 62nd Infantry Division started out in the reserves of Army Group South (Gerd von Rundstedt), but did not see combat during the campaign.
In October 1939, 62nd Infantry Division was assigned to VI Army Corps under 6th Army, then shifted to V Army Corps under 4th Army in December of that year.
The 62nd Infantry Division stayed part of V Army Corps until May 1940, when, in anticipation of the imminent Battle of France, 62nd Infantry Division was moved to XV Army Corps under 4th Army, now assigned to Army Group A.
In June, 62nd Infantry Division was transferred to V Army Corps, still under 6th Army, and thus moved army groups to Army Group B.
After the German victory in France, 62nd Infantry Division was moved to occupied Poland and assigned to III Army Corps under 18th Army.
From May to August 1941, 62nd Infantry Division was part of XVII Army Corps under 6th Army, and participated in the initial invasion of Operation Barbarossa as part of Army Group South.
The 62nd Infantry Division served with distinction during the encirclement of Kiev and distinguished itself with several days of very intense combat near Boryspil.
During the fighting at Boryspol, 405 officers and soldiers were killed and another 487 wounded, with an additional 166 missing, all in the period of just 19 September until 24 September.
Overall, the division had suffered 553 dead, 1,027 wounded and 182 missing over the course of September 1941, accounting for a casualty rate of 13% when compared to the divisional strength on 31 August.
The division was briefly reassigned to XVII Army Group under 6th Army in October, before again being pulled to the reserves by November to serve in the army group's rearguard.
The rear area of Army Group South was not yet of elevated operational importance (the focus on the southern sector would increase as the focus of the Wehrmacht's operation was shifted towards the Caucasus in 1942 and 1943), but there were incidents of attacks by partisan groups against German supply lines.
Although the Ukrainian people at large were initially either indifferent towards or even enthusiastic about the end of Soviet rule and the arrival of German forces, small groups of Red Army troops, communist functionaries, and NKVD-trained auxiliaries remained to deal damage against critical points that were of importance to the German war effort.
Until October, overall activity by partisans was low and major singular acts of German military reprisals against local civilian populations were rare.
With the German capture of Kiev in late September, the partisan activity in northern and eastern Ukraine saw an uptick and posed an increased threat to the ever-growing rear area that Army Group South had to control.
The division had little prior experience in anti-partisan warfare before being assigned its task (although it had received and confirmed the Barbarossa decree).
Initially, no immediate major actions were undertaken against civilians even when the division was faced by direct attacks by partisan units.
This hands-off attitude persisted for the first few days of the division's presence in the area, but changed when the dead bodies of two German airmen, killed by partisans, were found on a bridge near Kamishnya on 19 October, followed by several partisan attacks over the next few days.
The local commander at Myrhorod called upon the aid of the 62nd Infantry Division and specifically demanded acts of reprisal against the civilian population.
Members of the 3rd batallion of 190th Infantry Regiment, part of 62nd Infantry Division, murdered the entire Jewish population of Myrhorod, along with a number of suspected partisans, on 28 October 1941.
It was later given to protocol in the war diaries of the regional command that the Jews in question had been assisting partisan activity, but the war diaries of the units of 62nd Infantry Divisions contain no such references during the days leading up to the massacre on 28 October.
On 9 November, a German soldier who had survived an ambush by partisans during the night of the 4th to the 5th of November, in which three of his comrades were killed, reached the positions of the 62nd Division and made report of his experiences.
This incident was treated as a major massacre by the German leadership, and the rear area commander Erich Friderici instructed the 62nd Infantry Division to execute 'deterrent punitive actions against guilty local populations'.
It was also the first order of its kind that didn't specify Russians, Jews and communists as targets of choice (thus leaving non-Jewish non-communist Ukrainians, perceived to be friendly to Germany, safe from reprisals).
The III/190 battalion, which ahd already carried out the massacre at Myrhorod, reached the village of Baranivka to locate the bodies of the three deceased German soldiers whose deaths had caused this operation.
The same group of German soldiers was then involved in a skirmish against partisans on 12 November, when they were ambushed by a group of one hundred to two hundred partisans.
Three German soldiers were killed and five wounded, and the surviving partisans, whose presence was suspected to have been the one that caused Myrhorod's initial call for aid, fled the area.
The population of the nearby village was accused of having assisted the partisan group, and all of the village's inhabitants were summarily executed and the village put to the torch.
Starting with the execution on 10 November of six suspected partisans that had been denounced by a local, II/164 then proceeded to shoot a local guardsman.
This number came in addition of another 27 executions in the meantime, for a total of 49 suspected partisans killed between 10 November and 13 November.
The commander of the battalion, Faasch, noted these 49 executions as the fulfillment of an army-ordered reprisal, although it is not clear what order he might have referred to.
On 23 November, a Jewish family of 23 was murdered by members of the seventh company of II/164 without a specified reason.
One last act of reprisal against the locals was committed on 1 December, when thirty suspected bandits were summarily executed in forest north of Ssalowka.
The 62nd Infantry Division reported in Poltava on 8 December and was formally returned to the Army Group reserves for frontline combat on 21 December.
The division remained in reserve until February 1942, when the division was assigned to XXIX Army Corps under command of 6th Army.
At this point, the Operations Division of OKH had issued a series of preliminary instructions for the campaigns throughout the year 1942 and had prioritized Army Group South, which 62nd Infantry Division was a part of, for reinforcements over the other army groups as the focus of the war shifted southwards.
In May 1942, the division joined VIII Army Corps and then was moved to LI Army Corps in June, both under 6th Army.
In August, the division was reassigned to XXIX Army Corps, which was under the command of the Eighth Italian Army starting in September.
LVII Army Corps, which 62nd Infantry Division was a part of, was moved from 1st Panzer Army to 6th Army in January 1944.
It was briefly reassembled in August 1944, under XXXXIV Army Corps under Army Group South Ukraine, but was then destroyed in the Soviet Jassy–Kishinev Offensive in late August.
He was a Shaykh and was said to have spent a lot of his earlier life in the landlocked city of Banaras in North India.
The Subahdar of Bengal Subah, Qasim Khan Chishti, removed Mukarram Khan from his post as the Sardar of Sylhet out of dissatisfaction.
The Subahdar replaced Mukarram with Mirak Bahadur Jalair, as Sylhet's chief sardar and Shaykh Sulayman Banarsi to govern Uhar and Taraf.
Many junior mansabdars had jagirs in the Sylhet Sarkar and so Qasim commanded them to assist Sulayman with his post in Sylhet.
When news of this reached the new Subahdar, Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang, he ordered Mirza Malik Husayn and Raja Raghunath to inform Mirza Nathan to return to the Subahdar's court to be given sardarship of Sylhet if he pays 2,000 rupees.
Raghunath and Husayn, the latter of whom was related to Nathan, sent a bailiff who took twelve days to reach Nathan.
However, by the time Nathan had reached the capital, the Subahdar had already given the sardarship of Sylhet to Mirza Ahmad Baig, with Sulayman's son as a deputy sardar (not mentioned whether this was Tufan or not).
After she completed her second term as a lawmaker, Wang contested an open seat on the Kuomintang Central Standing Committee in 2000.
It was established in 1986 and is published 10 times per year by Oxford University Press in association with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Duncan Bell is a historian who is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) and a Fellow of Christ's College at Cambridge University.
A literary feud is a conflict or quarrel between well-known writers, usually conducted in public view by way of published letters, speeches, lectures, and interviews.
Feuds were sometimes based on conflicting views of the nature of literature as between C. P. Snow and F. R. Leavis, or on disdain for each other's work such as the quarrel between Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett.
A few instances resulted in physical violence, such as the encounter between Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser, and on occasion involved litigation, as in the dispute between Lillian Hellman and Mary McCarthy.
Feuds might begin in the public view through the quarterlies, newspapers, and monthly magazines, but frequently extended into private correspondence and in-person meetings.
Many feuds were based on opposing philosophies of literature, art, and social issues, although the disputes often devolved into attacks on personality and character.
It is not uncommon for observers, particularly the press, to label writers' rivalries and deteriorations in friendships as feuds, such as the rivalry between sisters A. S. Byatt and Margaret Drabble or when Vargas Llosa punched Gabriel Garcia Marquez for an incident involving Llosa's wife.
Centuries later, George Bernard Shaw and John Davidson would refer to themselves respectively as Aristophanes and Euripedes in correspondence, and their relationship would later deteriorate into a counterpart of the mythical ancient quarrel.
Their various disagreements escalated to Rousseau revealing that Voltaire was the author of a pamphlet Voltaire had published anonymously to avoid arrest.
In France at the end of the seventeenth century, a minor furor arose over the question of whether contemporary learning had surpassed what was known by those in Classical Greece and Rome.
Especially troubled by the comments on his courage, Hemingway requested a letter from an Army general to attest to Hemingway's bravery.
Although it began as a controversy between factions of writers, it became a personal quarrel between Nash and Gabriel Harvey after John Harvey and Robert Greene both died and Richard Harvey withdrew from participation.
Boursault probably included other malicious and personal attacks on Molière and his associates in the stage version, which were edited out in time for publication.
John Hervey was the object of savage satire on the part of Alexander Pope, in whose works he figured as Lord Fanny, Sporus, Adonis and Narcissus.
They were not friends, and it was well known among their fellow members of the Garrick Club that should one enter the room, the other would quickly make excuses and leave.
He was made aware that Thackeray had commented to a third party that Dickens's marital discord was due to an actress.
The club leadership demanded that Yates apologize or quit the club; Yates refused to do either, and threatened to hire a barrister.
The biographer Marilyn Duckett dates the estrangement between Harte and Twain to their letters in 1877, when Twain suggested that he hire Harte to work on another play with him for $25 a week (rather than lend him any money), and Harte reacted with outrage.
Harte also held Twain responsible for recommending a publisher who would then mishandle Harte's novel, and declared that because of the financial losses that resulted, he need not repay Twain money he had previously borrowed.
The final direct communication between the two writers was a telegram from Harte asking for his share of the box office receipts.
When some influential friends recommended Harte to then-President Rutherford B. Hayes for a diplomatic post, Twain contacted William Dean Howells, who was related by marriage to the President, to work against any such appointment, claiming that Harte would disgrace the nation.
As Twain's fame as a writer grew and Harte's faded, Twain continued to comment on Harte's work and character, including the suggestion that Harte was homosexual.
Thomas Dunn English was a friend of author Edgar Allan Poe, but the two fell out amidst a public scandal involving Poe and the writers Frances Sargent Osgood and Elizabeth F. Ellet.
After suggestions that her letters to Poe contained indiscreet material, Ellet asked her brother to demand the return of the letters.
Poe, who claimed he had already returned the letters, asked English for a pistol to defend himself from Ellet's infuriated brother.
In another letter, this time to fellow writer Frederick W. Thomas, Poe suggested that Griswold's promise to help get the review published was actually a bribe for a favorable review, knowing Poe needed the money.
Another source of animosity between the two men was their competition for the attention of the poet Frances Sargent Osgood in the mid to late 1840s.
Griswold, along with James Russell Lowell and Nathaniel Parker Willis, edited a posthumous collection of Poe's works published in three volumes starting in January 1850.
Many elements were fabricated by Griswold using forged letters as evidence and it was denounced by those who knew Poe, including Sarah Helen Whitman, Charles Frederick Briggs, and George Rex Graham.
Some of the information that Griswold asserted or implied was that Poe was expelled from the University of Virginia and that Poe had tried to seduce his guardian John Allan's second wife.
In 1964, Nabokov published his translation of the Russian classic, which he felt conformed scrupulously to the sense of the poem while completely eschewing melody and rhyme.
In 1975 Vidal sued Capote for slander over the accusation that he had been thrown out of the White House for being drunk, putting his arm around the first lady and then insulting Mrs. Kennedy's mother.
In it, he implies that Updike, Mailer, and Irving were jealous of his success because their own recent books had not been bestsellers.
In 1927, Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis's soon-to-be wife Dorothy Thompson spent some time together while they were both visitng Russia.
Thompson and Lewis accused Dreiser of plagiarizing portions of Thompson's work, which Dreiser denied and claimed instead that Thompson had used material of his.
Snow's lecture condemned the British educational system as having, since the Victorian era, over-rewarded the humanities (especially Latin and Greek) at the expense of scientific and engineering education, despite such achievements having been so decisive in winning the Second World War for the Allies.
The article attracted a great deal of negative correspondence in the magazine's letters pages and some of Snow's friends suggested that he sue Leavis for defamation.
Later, Theroux took offense when he found books he had inscribed to Naipaul offered for sale in a rare books catalog.
The feud lasted fifteen years, until the writers were reconciled at the 2011 Hay Literary Festival, although there is some speculation that the reconciliation was engineered by their agents and publishing houses to increase sales.
Derek Walcott and V. S. Naipaul were both from the West Indies, and each was a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
When it was announced in 2019 that Ford would be awarded the Hadada prize, other writers, including Viet Thanh Nguyen, Sarah Weinman, and Saeed Jones, criticized the decision, citing Ford's history of poor conduct.
Posthumously named after Hussein Samatar, the crossing connects the Downtown East/Elliot Park and Cedar-Riverside neighborhoods via a former interstate highway ramp.
Samatar Crossing's northern trailhead is at the intersection of 11th Avenue South and South 5th Street, directly across the street from an indoor sports stadium.
The path follows the north side of South 5th Street for approximately one block before traversing over several lanes of highway traffic.
The path's southern trailhead is at 15th Avenue South and South 7th Street, west of Currie Park and the Metro Blue Line tracks.
The construction of urban freeways in the middle-to-latter half of the 20th Century in the United States had a profound impact on neighborhoods.
In Minneapolis, the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood was part of a well-connected street grid system early in the 1900s, but by the 1980s freeways surrounded three of its sides, with fourth side cut off by the Mississippi River, isolating the neighborhood from downtown and adjacent communities.
The construction of a new indoor sports stadium in downtown Minneapolis in the 2010s to replace the Metrodome provided an opportunity for change.
Minneapolis Public Works had to construct a new westbound exit ramp from Interstate 94 to 7th Street to handle vehicle traffic into downtown and the new stadium.
That left the city with a decision about how to use the former 5th Street vehicle ramp from Interstate 35W to downtown Minneapolis.
After neighborhood residents voiced opposition to that plan, Minneapolis city officials decided to just have a path for bikes and pedestrians.
It was residents of Cedar-Riverside who prioritized non-motorized connections to downtown and surrounding neighborhoods, resulting in Minneapolis city officials to adopt a different approach.
Samatar Crossing is named after the late Hussein Samatar, a former Minneapolis School Board member and the first Somali-American elected to public office in Minneapolis, and possibly in the United States.
Samatar Crossing is a connection between Cedar-Riverside neighborhood and downtown Minneapolis that repurposed a former interstate ramp into a car-free space for people walking and biking.
The neighborhood is home to the largest East African immigrant community in Minneapolis, most of whom rely on walking, biking, and taking transit.
According to Abdullahi Abdulle, Associate Transportation Manager, the trail is posthumously named after Hussein Samatar, the first Somali-American in Minnesota to be elected to public office, winning a Minneapolis Public School Board seat.Samatar Crossing was featured at the 2018 conference of the National Association of City Transportation Officials for its concept and design.
Dolly Kikon is a Naga Anthropologist, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Melbourne, Australia.
She is also the Senior Research Advisor at the Australia India Institute, engaging in research and policy initiatives between India and Australia.
During the doctoral studies, she received the Wenner-Gren Foundation's Dissertation Fieldwork Grant, the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship, the Center for South Asia Community Service Fellowship (Stanford University) and the Mellon Foundation Dissertation Fellowship.
Focusing on migration, it examined the expansion and outcomes of developmental activities of the Indian state in areas associated with economic backwardness, subsistence agriculture and armed conflict.
As they move out of agricultural activities, they are constantly in search out new places and possibilities creating cultural fissures at various levels.
She has been associated with the Naga Peoples' Movement for Human Rights, Sisterhood Network (Dimapur), Prodigals' Home (Dimapur), The Turning Point (Mon district) and Action Aid (Northeast India).
The Northern Ohio Soccer League (NOSL) is an amateur regional soccer league consisting of clubs based in and around Northeast Ohio.
The top teams will be promoted to the Senior Division Football League, and the bottom teams are relegated to the Third Division.
The two-hour programme will be broadcast life and feature a life drawing class during which experts will guide a group of artists in how to create a life drawing, while viewers at home will also be encouraged to participate, by creating their own work.
The album was inspired in part by his recovery from an injury in 2018, when he fell in the steps to his basement apartment and spent two days in a coma.
American anthropologist Margaret Mead viewed such anxiety in the 1960s as a violent survivalist impulse that should instead be channeled toward a recognition of the need for peace.
On 1 May 2019, Frenzo appeared on the late night radio show with Kan D Man and DJ Limelight on BBC Asian Network.
He also stated that the media has taken his ban out of context due to him being of South Asian descent.
In an interview with Scarcity studios, Frenzo states that his lyrics had no implications to grooming gangs and that his music reflects those women who enter the sex industry at free will.
Polnaya (, ) is a river in the Rostov Oblast of Russia and the Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine, the left and largest tributary of Derkul.
They are known for hosting the Japan Bishōjo Contest since 1987, a beauty contest which introduced many famous actresses and models.
Based upon the microwear analysis of stone tools, it is believed to be a base camp where people learned and shared Clovis tool-making techniques, ate, exchanged information, and perhaps found mates from others groups.
Located between a township road and a railroad cut, the site may have been altered when a railroad line was built, particularly where Archaic tools were found.
The site was discovered in 1963 or in the winter of 1964–1965 by Carrell Welling, who found two flint tools near his home.
Six Kirk complex and ten Brewerton complex projectile points, including corner- and side-notched points, found at the site were created during the Archaic period.
Wright and Olaf Prufer of Kent State University performed research by comparing artifacts found at the Welling Site with those of other Paleo-Indian sites.
Stone outcrops, like the Welling Site, were a natural meeting spot to learn about techniques for making complex Clovis fluted projectile points with a ready supply of material for practice.
Using microwear analysis of stone tools, researchers find that Welling Site was an outcrop-related base camp where people assembled in large groups and interacted, ate, and exchanged information with other groups as they quarried for stone.
Tools that the site were used for processing meat and hides following a hunt, such as for butchering meat, sawing bones, scraping fresh and dry hides, and cutting hides.
Kanae Kijima (born November 27, 1974), known as The Konkatsu Killer, is Japanese fraudster and serial killer, convicted for poisoning three would-be husbands and suspected of four more, spanning from 2007 to 2009.
On August 6, 2009, 41-year-old Yoshiyuki Oide, from Tokyo, was discovered dead in his car, parked at a parking lot in Fujimi, Saitama.
The cause of death was determined to be carbon monoxide poisoning using a yeontan, but the supposed suicide had several inconsistencies, because of which an investigation was launched by the Saitama Prefectural Police.
The police determined that Kijima had been fraudulently posing as a bride, and on September 25th, she was arrested for fraud.
She had also received 4.5 million yen from a 40-year-old Chiba man, who was living with her at the time of the arrest.
By January 2010, Kijima had been rearrested for seven charges of fraud, while police simultaneously continued carefully investigating the suspicious deaths.
However, his death at the time was considered a suicide and was not given an autopsy, resulting in a very unusual murder charge, despite the lack of evidence for the cause of death.
The first criminal trial was filed in the Saitama District Court, for a consolidated hearing on all cases of prosecution (three murders, six counts of fraud/attempted fraud and one theft).
The judicial procedures began on January 5, 2012; the first trial on January 10th; Judgment Day on April 13th, with the lay judge trial lasting 100 days.
On the other hand, Kanae and her defense team claimed that the bribes were voluntarily handed over to her, and their deaths were either accidental or suicide, which warranted an acquittal.
She is the 15th woman to be condemned to death in the post-war period, and the first to be convicted by a lay judge.
Raphael Camidoh Attachie (born 21 January 1994) popularly known as Camidoh is a Ghanaian Afropop/RnB singer, record producer and a songwriter.
Camidoh was born in Aflao, Volta Region of Ghana on the January 21, 1994 and raised by a single mother in Ho, the capital of Volta Region.
The Securities Trust (SET) was a holding company established in 1924 jointly by the British Treasury and the Bank of England to dispose of certain government-owned assets.
Hansen was born on 24 March 1835 in Copenhagen, the son of Andreas Nicolai Hansen (1798-1873) and Emma Eliza Grut (1803-65).
He then received a thorough commercial education in England and Germany before travelling widely in the US, Australia and the Far East.
Hansen had not yet returned from his travels when he joined his father's firm A. N. Hansen & Co. in 1859.
The two brothers continued the firm after their father's death in 1873, initially with Alfred Hansen in a dominant role but after his death in 1893 with Harald Hansen as the sole owner.
The company operated a rice and flour mill as well as a pig farm and slaughterhouse at Bodenhoffs Plads in Christianshavn but was also operating its own fleet of merchant ships.
The shipping activities played a still more dominant role in the operations after the company's mills were destroyed by fire in 1885 and 1890.
He sold Bodenhodds Plads to Privatbanken a few years prior to his death and from then on focused entirely on the shipping activities.
He was a member of Højre but often deviated from the party line, especially when it came to the expansion of the Port of Copenhagen.
He was in favour of an expansion but opposed to the idea of a freeport and retired from national politics when the plans for the Free Port of Copenhagen were adopted.
Hansen married Anna Georgiana Cécile de Dompierre de Jonquiéres (27 February 1847 - 19 February 1941), a daughter of civil servant Godefroi Chrétien de Dompierre de Jonquiéres (1818-83) and Harriot Lindam (1820-84), on 29 September 1871 in the French Reformed Church in Copenhagen.
The company was continued by Hansen's two elfest sons, Andreas Nicolai Hansen (born 1872) and Allan Berry Hansen (born 1875), who had been partners in the company since 1898 and 1900.
The Disposal and Liquidation Commission was a body set up in 1921 by the British government to sell off surplus war supplies and equipment, particularly those appertaining to the Ministry of Munitions following the First World War.
In 1403, Hanuš welcomed Racek Kobyla of Dvorce and some survivors of the attack by Sigismund of Hungary on Stříbrná Skalice into Rataje nad Sázavou.
Her work has resulted in the formation of a company (MS Solutions, LLC) which aims to bring advanced ionization methods to industry.
Trimpin received her undergraduate training at the Universität Konstanz in Germany in 1999 and her PhD from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in 2002 (Mainz).
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine or Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine with Three Saints in a Landscape is a c.1512 oil on panel painting by Correggio, now in the Detroit Institute of Arts.
It is recorded as one of the Gonzaga Collection works sold to Charles I of England and after Charles' execution it was initially sold to a private collection in London before passing through others in Vienna and Amsterdam.
The Duveen Brothers bought it in 1925 and took it to the USA, selling it to Anna Scripps Whitcomb, who finally donated it to its present home in 1926.
The novel is set in an alternate Victorian England during an Industrial Revolution fueled by a dangerous magical substance known as aether.
He eventually journeys to London, where he joins a group of thieves, pickpockets, and revolutionaries who seek to overthrow the caste system.
The 2009 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 10–12 July at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
In April 1955 she gave her 600 orchids collection to Belle Isle Conservatory, which was therefore renamed in her honor on April 6, 1955.
It protected the UK against air attack as part of Anti-Aircraft Command, including the defence against V-1 flying bombs (Operation Diver).
136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment (136th HAA Rgt) was formed during a period of rapid expansion of Anti-Aircraft Command, mainly utilising Territorial Army (TA) batteries drawn from existing regiments.
'Mixed' indicated that two-thirds of the personnel of the battery were women drawn from the Auxiliary Territorial Service, who had been called upon to ease AA Command's manpower shortage.
The battery had been formed on 13 January from a cadre of experienced officers and other ranks provided by 98th HAA Rgt.
136th HAA Regiment provided the cadre for 552 (M) HAA Bty formed on 26 March 1942 at 210th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry; this later joined 154th (M) HAA Rgt.
At the beginning of April 1942, 136th HAA Rgt moved to 30th (Northumbrian) AA Bde in 7th AA Division covering North East England, but by the end of June it was back in the East Midlands with 32nd AA Bde.
On 10 July 1942 198 HAA Battery was transferred to help form a new 165th HAA Rgt at Clifton, Bristol and was replaced by 468 HAA Bty from 78th (1st East Anglian) HAA Rgt.
In early 1943, 409 (Suffolk) HAA Bty was temporarily detached from the regiment and attached to 50th AA Bde covering Derby and Nottingham.
In May, the whole of 136th HAA Rgt moved south to join 37th AA Bde along the north side of the Thames Estuary under 1 AA Group.
From April 1944, 2 AA Group had the additional responsibility of defending the ports at which the shipping for the invasion of Europe (Operation Overlord) was being gathered.
By now, 136th HAA Rgt formed part of a new 102 AA Bde in 2 AA Group, but in May it transferred to 44 AA Bde, which had been brought down from Manchester take over the AA defences on the Isle of Wight.
Here it came under the command of 6 AA Group, which had responsibility for covering the 'Overlord' embarkation ports around the Solent and Portsmouth.
Large numbers of HAA guns under 2 AA Group were deployed in depth across the line of flight of the V-1s as part of Operation Diver.
Firstly, mobile HAA guns were replaced with static installations that could traverse more quickly to track the fast-moving targets and were given the latest Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictors (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer).
Secondly, the HAA gun belt was moved to the coast and interlaced with Light AA guns to hit the missiles out to sea.
This new belt was divided into six brigade sectors, 5 AA Bde taking charge of one sector under 1 AA Gp with 136th HAA Rgt under command.
The whole process involved the movement of hundreds of guns and vehicles and thousands of servicemen and women, but a new 8-gun site could be established in 48 hours.
The guns were constantly in action, but the success rate against the 'Divers' steadily improved, until over 50 per cent of incoming missiles were destroyed by gunfire or fighter aircraft.
This phase of Operation Diver ended in September after the V-1 launch sites in Northern France had been overrun by 21st Army Group.
In October, 136th HAA Rgt rejoined 40 AA Bde, which had been transferred to the 'Diver Box' defences over the outer Thames Estuary.
This time the wholesale movement of guns, platforms, personnel and huts fell into chaos as the staff work of the AA groups and brigades fell apart, earning a stinging rebuke from Gen Pile.
The responsibilities proved too large for one group HQ, and a new 9 AA Group was formed to take command of the Diver defences on the coast of East Anglia, including 40 AA Bde.
Despite the depletion of AA Command to provide manpower for 21st Army Group, 136th HAA Rgt was one of the units that remained operational until the end.
On 1 April 1946, the war-formed 136th HAA Rgt was disbanded at King's Park, Glasgow, and its personnel were used to resuscitate the Regular 5th HAA Rgt, with the TA 409 (Suffolk) Bty placed in suspended animation to reform 8 HAA Bty of that regiment.
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 409th (Suffolk) HAA Bty reformed at Lowestoft as a full regiment, 660 HAA Rgt.
FlexPay analyzes transaction records to understand why risk-mitigation systems are erroneously declining credit and debit card transactions, leveraging machine learning models.
FlexPay currently integrates to over 100 gateways as well as several CRMs & billing systems, including Keap, Nuvei, Konnektive, LimeLight, OrderLogix, OpenPath & QualPay.
She became an independent expert on the rights of people of African descent at the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2017.
Before joining IPPF, Marie-Evelyne Pétrus-Barry worked as the Regional Director for West and Central Africa of Amnesty International based in Dakar, Senegal.
It was her second tour at Amnesty international where she had been working as the Director of the Africa Regional office based in Kampala, Uganda and head of the Organisation Liaison Unit in London, UK.
Marie-Evelyne Pétrus Barry served as the United Nations Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative for the Republic of Gabon .She was the Director for the United Nations Information Centre in South Africa, with regional responsibilities for Sub-Saharan Africa for advocacy, strategic communications and public information.
The South African is an English-language South African online news publication created in March 2003 by the multinational media company, Blue Sky Publications, and it operates as an online news and lifestyle publication with offices in South Africa and the United Kingdom.
It was available in a weekly tabloid format and distributed at the entrances of London Tube stations until June 2015 when it became an entirely online news source for South African news.
The last print issues was on the 15th of June 2015 as readers mostly based in South Africa and decline in readership growth after the change in SA to UK immigration policies.
Sweden held its 2014 European Parliament election on the 25 May 2014. the same week as the other 27 countries held their elections.
The Swedish results are counted by county only, since the seats are shared on a national basis, rendering eight fewer counting areas than in Riksdag elections.
The Legislative Assembly had seven directly-elected members; three representing Tongatapu and nearby islands, two representing Haʻapai and two representing Vavaʻu and nearby islands.
A further seven members were elected by the nobility based on the same constituencies, seven ministers (including the governors of Haʻapai and Vavaʻu) and a Speaker chosen by the monarch.
The species were first identified by Portuguese Entomologist, Luis Fernando Marques Mendes in 1980, on the Formigas Islets, a group of small rocky outcrops in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine or Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine with Saints is a c.1510-1511 oil on canvas painting by Correggio, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington.
Its central group is a Metterza, with Catherine of Alexandria kneeling before them and saints Francis of Assisi and Dominic to either side.
The work first appears in the written record as part of the collection of count Giovanni Battista Costabili Containi (m. 1841) in Ferrara and it remained in the hands of his heirs until at least 1858.
The attribution to Correggio was first popularised by Giovanni Morelli, who saw the work in 1875 while it was still in Ferrara, though local scholars had already made such an attribution, placing it in the artist's youth.
Damage to the paint surface, especially in the area of the mantle and the faces of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne, was already mentioned in the late 19th century.
It was recorded as owned by doctor Gustavo Frizzoni in Milan in 1877 before passing through the hands of various heirs.
In the 1930s it was bought from the engineer Bonomi by Alessandro Contini Bonacossi, who in 1932 sold it to Samuel H. Kress, who finally gave it to its present owner in 1939.
It is located north of Marion along Ohio State Route 4 (North Main Street) at the northern end of the State Route 4/State Route 423 overlap, at .
A youth international for Czechoslovakia, Juračka was a squad member at the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship and the 1990 and 1992 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
Caroline Bonmarchand is a French film producer known for working on the films Copacabana (2010), Irréprochable (2016), Trainee Day (2016) and School's Out (2018).
Bonmarchand made her debut as a film producer with Raphaël Nadjari's 2001 feature film I Am Josh Polonski's Brother, which premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2001.
Bonmarchand collaborated with Nadjari once more on A Strange Course of Events, which was screened at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
In 2016, Bonmarchand produced Irréprochable, a thriller film directed by Sébastien Marnier which followed a woman's obsessive quest to regain her old job at a real estate agency in her hometown.
Bonmarchand was one of 82 women to protest gender bias at the Cannes Film Festival in 2018, in recognition of the fact only 82 films directed by women had been honored by an official selection since the festival's launch, compared to 1,645 male-directed films.
The documentary included a total of twenty women from various positions in the film industry and explored the history of women in film.
The 2020 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team will represent Wake Forest University during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The team will be led by seventh-year head coach Dave Clawson, and will play their home games at BB&T Field in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Wake Forest's 2020 schedule will begin with four non-conference games: on the road against Old Dominion of Conference USA, at home against Appalachian State of the Sun Belt Conference, at home against Villanova from Division I FCS, and a netural site game against Notre Dame of the FBS Independents in Charlotte, North Carolina.
In ACC play, Wake Forest will play the other members of the Atlantic Division, as well as Miami and Duke from the Coastal Division.
Margot Mayo was born Margaret Melba Mayo on in Commerce, Texas, one of eight children of William Leonidas Mayo, the founding president of East Texas Normal College.
Zone B of the 1994 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Group III was one of two zones in the Europe/Africa Group III of the 1994 Davis Cup.
8 teams competed across two pools in a round robin competition; the top two teams in each pool progressed to the promotion pool, where they played for advancement to Group II in 1995.
Two people are being prosecuted for this attack but the investigation to qualify the attack as a hate crime is ongoing.
Amnesty International Ukraine has criticised the Ukrainian authorities for failing to investigate attacks against activists in particular those defending the rights of women and members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community, and ethnic minorities.
She also met EU high representative Federica Mogherini at the Gymnich meeting of EU foreign ministers in Helsinki in August 2019.
This kind of matchup was common in the early period of mixed martial arts history, but it was become increasingly rare due to the regulation of athletic comissions and the implementation of official weigh classes.
Those bouts are usually a source of controversy among pundits, as they are perceived to elevate spectacle over true competition, but they retain a measure of acceptance among wide audiences due to their entertainment value.
The first events of Ultimate Fighting Championship are acknowledged to have featured recurrent freak show fights, with the most famous being possibly the fight between 200lbs kenpo fighter Keith Hackney and 600lbs sumo wrestler Emmanuel Yarbrough.
Former Pancrase fighter Ikuhisa Minowa became a usual participant against superheavyweight fighters of diverse backgrounds, as did 400lbs professional wrestler Giant Silva from the opposite side.
This trend was adopted by Japanese kickboxing promotion K-1, pushing the fighting careers of highly publicized superheavyweights like Bob Sapp, Akebono and Choi Hong-Man, who also competed at Pride.
Freak show fighters usually drew large TV ratings in Japan, with a special match pitting Sapp against Akebono breaking historical records.
In 2010, due to a series of challenges, boxer James Toney fought former UFC Heavyweight champion Randy Couture in a mixed martial arts bout, being quickly submitted.
Also, after her debut in 2015, Gabi Garcia's career for Rizin Fighting Federation (a promotion successor to Pride) has been criticized by its abundance of freak show fights.
Lethe sidonis, the common woodbrown, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm (Tibet, Kulu to Assam, South Shan States).
They are most noted for receiving a Juno Award nomination for Breakthrough Group of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2020.
The band's current members are Rob Laska on vocals, Michael Brandolino on guitar, Alex Dimauro on bass and Karah James on drums.
The band was formed in 2014 after the members of two other bands, Cars & Guitars and National Parks, met and decided to unite when they accidentally got double-booked for the same time slot at a local recording studio.
He was head of government in Miaoli Township and Miaoli City, then served a single four-year term as magistrate of Miaoli County.
Chang subsequently served on the second convocation of the Miaoli County Council, then as magistrate of Miaoli County between 1989 and 1993.
After she was discouraged from applying for a promotion in the Journal's news department, Huston was given an assignment on alternative nursing homes for the elderly.
While conducting research, she discovered the poor and neglectful homes elderly people were living in and their lack of health care access.
Two years after becoming the first female journalist from Milwaukee Journal to earn a Pulitzer, she was promoted to the business and editorial page position.
Huston later received the 1980 By-Line Award from Marquette University's School fo Journalism and the Milwaukee Press Club Knights of the Golden Quill.
Emily Brown Childress Portwig (September 9, 1896 – February 4, 1960) was an American pharmacist and clubwoman based in Los Angeles, California.
She attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and Howard University, before pursuing graduate studies in bacteriology at the University of Southern California.
She worked with young women at Los Angeles High School, and took groups of girls camping at her mountain cabin in Val Verde.
Portwig, not herself a mother but an involved aunt, took interest in supports for mothers and children in the African-American community in Los Angeles.
She founded the first West Coast chapter of Jack and Jill of America, an organization for African-American mothers, in Los Angeles in 1948.
In 1950, she co-founded the Lullaby Guild, a women's organization under the Children's Home Society, working to find foster homes for African-American children in need.
The song was entirely written by both rappers themselves and produced by Albanian producer Cricket with the mixing and mastering process handled by Albanian producer Lorenc Aliaj.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of A minor in common time with a tempo of 100 beats per minute.
The rappers eventually confirmed the aforementioned during a social media post on 14 January 2020 and revealed that the single would be released on 28 January 2020.
In 1886-1892 attended Nereta school, 1892-1893 - Panemunis in Russian School, 1893-1895 taught at Nereta, 1895 - 1897. studied at the Vecsaté Agricultural School.
In 1898 worked as an agricultural specialist in , but was attracted to art, 1899-1903 studied at Blum School of Painting Riga.
The works subtly convey the spiritual experiences of the characters, depict the life of various strata of rural Latvia, emphasize human connection with nature, continuation of national traditions; Latvian motives abound.
The shire was amalgamated with the then City of Wollongong, Municipality of North Illawarra and Municipality of Central Illawarra to form Municipality of Greater Wollongong on 24 September 1947.
She sailed for the South Seas on 7 December 1802, but immediately put into Ramsgate, having sustained damage when she ran on to the Brake.
The dental department moved to the Leeds General Infirmary in October 1920 and then to its own premises in Blundell Street in 1928.
It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and then moved to the Worsley Building, which it shares with the Leeds School of Medicine, in July 1978.
The Worsley Building was designed by the Building Design Partnership and officially opened by the Duke of Kent in March 1979.
Actors such as Jean-Pierre Putters, Jean Rollin, Quélou Parente, Christophe Bier, Christophe Lemaire, and Christian Letargat acted in some of his films, and were occasionally cameos for main roles.
During the 2000s decade, Moutier transformed his comic shop into a bookstore specializing in rare films, comics, and souvenirs linked to cinematography.
According to Wernham, the upper surface of its leaves is densely hairy, and the leaves narrow gradually to their base, making them almost without a stalk.
Standley, however, describes the leaves as being stalked, with densely white woolly matting on the undersurface, and covered in weak hairs on the upper surface.
Several researchers have identified the site with the ancient Tekoa of Galilee, although no evidence has been discovered to verify this interpretation.
American archaeologist Eric M. Meyers excavated the site from 1970 to 1972 on behalf of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
The team's Co-head, Dr. James F. Strange, professor of biblical archeology at University of South Florida, indicated that the ruins of the synagogue show it to be unique, both for the area and time of construction.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine or Mystic Betrothal of Saint Catherine is a 1567-1570 oil on panel painting by Giovan Battista Moroni, produced for the side-altar of Catherine of Alexandria in the church of San Bartolomeo, parish church of Almenno San Bartolomeo, where it still hangs.
The altar on which it stood was built on the wishes of Francesco Lisotti for a weekly mass for his soul, probably towards the end of the church's construction.
This suggests a dating in the late 1560s, as do the facial features of the Madonna, similar to those of the 1567 altarpiece for the Santa Maria della Ripa Monastery in Desenzano al Serio.
However, in 1931 Andrea Pinotti places it closer to the artist's 1564-1567 altarpiece for the parish church of San Pietro in Parre.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Oklahoma voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding, over the Democratic nominee, Ohio Governor James M. Cox and Socialist nominee Eugene V. Debs of Indiana.
Harding ran with Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge, while Cox ran with Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York and Debs ran with Seymour Stedman of Illinois.
in addition to the Punta Marguareis from which the protected area takes its name, also Cima delle Saline, Monte Bertrand and Cima della Fascia.
A wide parn of the regional park consists in woodland (mainly beechwoods and woods of silver fir and European larch), whose development was favored by the monks of the Certosa of Pesio.
The peculiar climate of the area, which shows bot Alpine and Mediterranean features, as well as its Karstic geology, substain a very remarkable vegetal biodiversity.
Among the most striking animals of the park can be cited typically alpine species like chamois, alpine marmot, golden eagle and black grouse.
The presence of wolves, sign of a good environmental state of the area, dates back to mid-1990s, when settled in the Park the first documented pack of wolves in the Italian Alps after the disappearance of the specie of the XIX century.
Brush Ridge was one of the first communities in Marion County, and at one time the largest community in Grand Prairie Township, the Free-Will Baptist Church (now Grand Prairie Baptist Church) was built here in 1867.
In 1907, when the community was suddenly overrun by rats, a rather famous six-week-long rat hunt was held, with a total of 6,600 rats having been killed.
Brush Ridge is located north of Marion and east of Morral at the interchange of U.S. Route 23 and Ohio State Routes 231 and 423, at .
The 1924 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states.
Oklahoma was won by Democratic nominee, Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia, over Republican nominee, incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts.
Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska, while Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois.
Also in the running that year was the Progressive Party nominee, Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana, though they ran under the Farmer-Labor Party label in the state.
Route 202, also known as Long Harbour Road, is a east–west highway along the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland.
Route 202 begins in Long Harbour-Mount Arlington Heights at the intersection between Main Road and the gravel access road for the Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant.
It heads northeast through rural areas to have an intersection with Route 101 (Long Harbour Access Road) before leaving town and passing through rural wooded areas for the next several kilometers, where the highway passes through Long Harbour Station.
Route 202 passes through more wooded areas before entering the Chapel Arm town limits and coming to an end at an interchange with Route 1 (Trans-Canada Highway, exit 27), with the road continuing northeast as Route 201 (Osprey Trail) into downtown.
On April 22, 2019, David Leitch and Kelly McCormick formed 87North Productions as a partnership with Universal Pictures, and in the process, acquired the upcoming film Nobody from STX Entertainment.
On January 21, 2020, 87North will produce a contemporary feature film version of Kung Fu with creator Ed Spielman and Stephen L’Hereaux producing through his Solipsist Film company.
The club was dissolved after the 2019 season due to sanctioning issues associated with competing in the United States with the emergence of the domestic Canadian Premier League.
On January 29, 2020, it was announced that Ottawa had been awarded the Canadian Premier League's first expansion team to be owned by Spanish club Atlético Madrid with Ottawa businessman Jeff Hunt as a strategical partner.
He originally accepted an offer to play for the New Mexico Lobos baseball team, but he earned a scholarship to the football team in the summer of 2005.
He excelled on the field and in the classroom during his college career, earning six forced fumbles and was a first-team Academic All-American in 2008.
After being away from football for two years, he became a graduate assistant at San Diego State under his New Mexico head coach Rocky Long.
Under him, San Diego State ranked 32nd in total defense in 2018 and 2nd in 2019, which was a 30-place gain from the year before.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Oklahoma voted for the Republican nominee, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California, over the Democratic nominee, Governor Alfred E. Smith of New York.
Hoover's running mate was Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas, while Smith ran with Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas.
He was raised by his mother, at that time an active Hui Muslim, although she later abandoned the practice of Islam during the Cultural Revolution.
At the time of the Cultural Revolution, the intermediary school he was attending was closed and he was sent to work in a factory and then as an assistant barber.
He acquired some agricultural skills there, but also started writing short stories, although he did not find a magazine ready to publish them.
His condition, however, worsened and he tried to commit suicide in 1978, although he later learned to live with his illness and found solace in creative writing.
He graduated in 1980 and started working as a teacher, but in 1983 the success of his short stories published under the pen name Chen Cun persuaded him that he could be a full-time writer, a position he has maintained with the support of the Shanghai Writers Association.
His approach was original with respect to both the scar literature denouncing the horrors of the Cultural Revolution and the Maoist propaganda praising its good intentions.
Six years later, with his health improved, Maomao travels back to the village and discovers that Xiaowen has married Dashu and they have a four-year-old daughter.
In the 1990s, Chen Cun identified more and more with the avant-garde experimenting with new uses of the language, including by following ordinary Chinese and telling in great details the routines of their daily lives.
By the end of the decade, he had reached the conclusion that the Internet offered to the avant-garde a unique opportunity to experiment with the language, with a freedom impossible in printed books that need approval from editors and publishers.
He held senior positions in the government of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea and served as a member of the Member of the Legislative Council and Member of the House of Assembly.
After graduating from the University of Sydney with an agricultural science degree, he moved to the Territory of New Guinea in 1936 to become an Agricultural Officer.
He became an official member of the Legislative Council the following year, and was appointed to the new Member of the House of Assembly following the 1964 elections.
He was promoted to Assistant Administrator (Economic Affairs) in 1966, also becoming Leader of Government Members in the House of Assembly.
Upper Mercer flint or Upper Mercer chert is a type of flint, or a pure form of chert, found in Coshocton, Hocking, and Perry counties of Ohio.
Made of forms of silica and quartz, the hard and brittle stone was used by prehistoric people to make tools and weapons.
To create stone tools, flint was heated to make chipping away at the stone easier, and then the flint was chipped to form razor-sharp edges.
Welling Site, an Upper Mercer flint quarry, is located on the eastern boundary of the town of Nellie in the Walhonding River Valley.
The quality of the material used to make tools was important in the ability of prehistory and Native American people to thrive and they would travel hundreds of miles to quarry flint to create or replace tools.
Tools made from Upper Mercer flint during the Archaic period has been found over multiple states including eastern Indiana, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, western Pennsylvania, and Ohio.
Other quarries used by prehistoric people to gather flint in the state include Flint Ridge, a six mile deposit of Pennsylvanian-age Vanport flint that spanned western Muskingum and eastern Licking Counties, and Zaleski flint in Vinton and Jackson Counties.
Hsieh was born in 1936 to a family of farmers in Tōfun, Chikunan, Shinchiku Prefecture of Japanese Taiwan, which later became known as Shuiliugong, a division of Toufen, Miaoli County.
He offered to return to his judicial post within the provincial government after it had been downsized, but the offer was rejected by the Judicial Yuan.
Atta Boafo Daniel Kingsley is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing Fomena constituency in the Ashanti Region of Ghana under the flag of New Patriotic Party.
In 1980, he teamed up with Juan Farrow to win the NCAA Men's Division II doubles championship, having lost to Farrow in the singles championship final.
O'Carroll's works are held in collections including the Holly Solomon Collection (United States) and by the British Embassy Mondrain Foundation (The Netherlands).
The men's 200 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 31 August and 2 September 1985.
Ilonka Náday (August 4, 1874 – October 20, 1949) was a Hungarian singer and actress who found her initial success in Austria before returning to sing in Budapest.
Members of the Barone family, including Ray, Debra, Robert, and Marie, are turned off by grandfather Frank's poor ethics as a driver, which is executed via him driving in police officer Robert's patrol car and cutting off a funeral procession while driving to an arcade named The Happy Zone.
Ray, with this realization, takes Frank's car keys out of his hand, which he then gives to Marie where she puts them in her bra.
Frank then goes to the DMV to take his testing driver, and (as part of a rule where a licensed driver has to ride with a student) his son Raymond goes along with him.
Despite encompassing the same driving habits that have turned off his other relatives, he passes the test and gets another license.
Her other positions include Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering’s Don Beall Dean of Engineering at San José State University and Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at California State University, Chico.
At age fourteen he was sent to the Fannie Doane Home for missionary children in Granville, Ohio, where he attended high school and then graduated with A.B.
He worked at Argonne National Laboratory with pay grade of physicist from 1955 to 1960 and senior physicist from 1960 to 1963.
One of the highlights of his career was his use of the Mossbauer effect to discover the nuclear Zeeman spectrum in Fe, the most common isotope of iron.
Hanna was a pioneer in using large sodium iodide crystals to study gamma rays from giant resonances in a variety of nuclei.
In 1979, she was appointed undersecretary of the by the first Revolutionary Government Junta, but in January 1980, she resigned from this position along with several other officials, citing the Junta's inability to control human rights violations and its failure to implement agrarian and social reforms.
In the 1980s she worked as a lawyer in free practice, advising social organizations on human rights and labor relations, as well as acting as a notary.
After the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords in 1992, she was named Deputy Prosecutor of the Rights of the Child, and in 1995 she was elected as head of the Office of the .
Serving until 1998, she received international recognition for her commitment to consolidate the institution established in the Peace Accords in the sense of genuine surveillance of abuses of power and human rights violations committed by agents of the state.
However, the right-wing parties represented in the Legislative Assembly rejected her reelection and chose Eduardo Peñate Polanco as her successor, despite his lack of background in human rights work.
In 1998 she was proposed as a presidential candidate by the National Convention of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, along with the mayor of San Salvador, Héctor Silva.
After a prolonged debate, the convention decided not to choose either of them, and opted for a consensus candidate, Facundo Guardado.
In 2000, Velásquez was elected as a magistrate of the Supreme Court for a term of nine years, exercising her duties in the Civil Chamber from 2000 to 2003 and the Constitutional Chamber from 2003 to 2009.
On 1 June 2009, President Mauricio Funes appointed her Minister of Labor and Social Welfare in the first left-wing government elected by popular vote.
In this position, she undertook to promote the freedom of association of public employees and the strict application of labor legislation.
President Funes replaced her in 2011, but appointed her as ambassador of El Salvador to Switzerland and permanent representative at the United Nations Office at Geneva, positions she held from June 2011 to May 2014.
In June 2014, she was elected by the Summit of Heads of State and Government of Central America as Secretary General of the Central American Integration System for a three-year term.
Since the 2017 state election, she has been the leader of the Alternative for Germany party group in the Landtag of Lower Saxony.
Following her husband's death in November 1728, Hyde took over their business on Dame Street, continuing to supply stationary to Trinity College until 1747.
From 1728 to 1732, she rented the printing house in the Stationers' Hall, Cork Hill with Eliphal Dobson II who had been in a loose partnership with Hyde's husband.
When there was a dispute between the London printer, Benjamin Motte, and George Faulkner over the rights to publish the work of Jonathan Swift in London resulted in Hyde relaying Motte's correspondence to Swift in 1733.
Hyde ceased the printing element of her business some point before October 1734, when she let her press and premises to Richard Reilly, continuing as a bookseller.
Dakota Mills (born 3 June 1997) is an American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a forward for the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
She was selected as an ECAC All-Star and Offensive Player of the Year in 2016, and was included in the NSCAA Mid-Atlantic All-Region second team in 2016.
Mills was also named the Atlantic 10 Offensive Player of the Year in 2016, and was included in the Atlantic 10 All-Championship team in 2016, as well as the Atlantic 10 All-Conference first team in 2016 and 2018.
She holds the school record for most goals in a season (18 in 2016) and most points in a season (tally of goals and assists, 41 in 2016).
In total, she made 80 appearances, scoring 39 goals and recording 11 assists, ranking second in school history for goals and points (89).
Mills has appeared for the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship against Canada on 29 January 2020.
The upper chamber was called Senate, and it had 23 members: ten White Rhodesians, ten African chiefs, and three persons appointed by the President of Rhodesia.
The facility has its origins in the Daisy Hill Union Workhouse, which was designed by Fred Holland and opened in 1913.
In 2015 it was announced that the newly-opened Daisy Hill centre at the hospital would offer intensive therapy during a six-month programme.
Travis Daniel Lashley (born Agust 13, 1987), better known by his stage name Trav is an American Rapper, songwriter, Record Label Owner & businessman from Queens, New York.
Born and raised in Jamaica, Queens, Trav started rapping at the age of 16, catching the attention of NYC tastemakers, including DJ Whoo Kid and DJ Green Lantern.
What makes it even crazier, we found out after his mother came home from jail, his mother and my uncle are related in Jamaica.
I felt like I had to have a different approach to let people know I wasn't playing, that I had records.
His best ATP Tour performance came as a main draw qualifier at the 1993 Dutch Open, where he had a first round win over world number 61 Horacio de la Peña, then fell to third seed Thomas Muster.
The men's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 2 September 1985.
The name FC Accipiter is based on the Latin word for hawk, and for the Accipiter Hawk that can be found in Wooster, where the team plays.
On July 13, 2019, FC Accipiter defeated Amish Country United 3-1 in the NOSL Playoff final to win the NOSL championship .
A small to mid sized tropical rainforest species which grows in a variety of sites, from near the coast to 1,200 metres above sea level.
Unlike others in the Alphitonia group, it thrives in low light situations and is not as often seen in high light environments as in rainforest margins.
Leaves form with large stipules, 5 mm by 1 mm long, and fall off in the later stages of leaf development.
Flowers grow to around 5 mm in diameter, with cream to pale green petals, which are 1 to 1.2 mm long.
The Ohio State and Union Law College, was an independent law school in Cleveland, Ohio that operated from 1855 to 1876.
The college was founded in 1855 in Poland, Ohio, by the law firm of Judge Chester Hayden, Marcus King, and MD Legett as the Poland Law College.
Hayden served as dean, with 2 full-time instructors until 1863, when he sold the school to John Crowell, a Cleveland lawyer who became president of the College 1n 1862.
According to its 1872-73 prospectus, the college aimed to given the student a thorough practical as well as a theoretical legal education.
It did this by focusing on practical exercises such as the preparation of legal questions and motions for argument, weekly debates, and trials of causes, in addition to lectures.
The prospectus expected that the students attending the course would get as much actual practice in all parts of the profession than lawyers generally have during their first ten year of practice.
He was a younger son of William III de Beauchamp (c.1215-1269) of Elmley Castle in Worcestershire, hereditary Sheriff of Worcestershire, by his wife Isabel de Mauduit, daughter of William de Mauduit of Hanslope in Buckinghamshire and Hartley Mauditt, Hampshire (by his wife Alice de Beaumont (d. pre- 1263), half-sister of Henry de Beaumont, 5th Earl of Warwick (c.1192-1229)) and sister and heiress of William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick).
He was at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 and at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300, with the king.
At the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300 the heralds blazoned the arms of all the English knights present in Norman-French verse, known as the Caerlaverock Roll.
The estate had been inherited, together with Elmley Castle and other lands, by Walter's three-times great-grandfather Walter I de Beauchamp (d.1130/3), founder of the Beauchamp family, on his marriage to Emmeline d'Abitot, daughter and heiress of Urse d'Abitot, Sheriff of Worcestershire.
In about 1274 he confirmed to his free burgesses and tenants their ancient right to hold a weekly market on a Tuesday, and also granted them a weekly market on a Thursday, allowing the sale of animals, flesh, wheat, rye, barley, oats, beans, pease, woollen and linen drapery, bread, iron goods, tallow, grease, fish, leather goods, baskets, hides, wool, linen, geese, hens, cheese, bacon, eggs, salt and spices.
In 1291 he received royal licence to cultivate 60 acres of his wood in Alcester within the forest of Feckenham and in 1300 he was granted by the king free warren in his demesne lands of Alcester.
He married Alice de Tosny, a daughter of Roger V de Tosny of Flamstead in Hertfordshire by his wife Alice de Bohun, a daughter of Humphrey IV de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 1st Earl of Essex (1204-1275), Hereritary Constable of England.
Unbeknownst to themselves they were found to be within the fourth degree of consanguinity, which necessitated a ratification of the marriage by Godfrey Giffard, Bishop of Worcester to legitimise their issue.
The women's discus throw event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2 September 1985.
John Nugent's Studio, originally called St. Mark's Shop and best known as the John Nugent Studio, is a Canadian provincial heritage property in Lumsden, Saskatchewan.
It was designed by Regina architect Clifford Wiens for John Cullen Nugent and built with the help of Kenneth Lochhead and Roy Kiyooka in 1960.
Shortly after his arrival in Lumsden in 1948, Montreal-born sculptor and chandler John Nugent established a studio and a bronze casting foundry on a 2.7-hectare parcel of land that forms the north slope of the Qu’Appelle Valley.
The conical-shaped roof of the central section was constructed from pre-tensioned, thin-shell concrete, while sections of concrete culverts were used for the window openings, illustrating the combination of manufactured elements with crafted elements characterizing the overall nature of the structure.
Over the course of a single year, the studio was constructed over successive weekends by Nugent and Wiens, with help from Lochhead and Roy Kiyooka.
Over the course of the next thirty years or so of his career, he produced abstract welded metal sculpture, metal castings, religious artifacts, works in silver, as well as candlemaking, shifting his focus to photography in the 1990s.
For the studio's inventive curved and conical design, Wiens received a Massey silver medal in 1967 from the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.
The John Nugent Studio has been a Provincial Heritage Property since 26 May 2005, the 42nd site so designated, and listed at the online Canadian Register of Historic Places.
The register entry enumerates a number of elements at the site which define or enhance the heritage value of the Studio in terms of its archiecture and its use and associations.
An element illustrative of the building's integration with the landscape is its placement on a bench of land overlooking the Qu'Appelle Valley.
The building's association with John Nugent is considered just as important as the studio itself: Nugent's life work spans more than fifty years, ranging from the production of abstract welded metal sculpture, metal castings, religious artifacts, works in silver, and candlemaking, his works exhibited nationally and found in many important collections.
The Imperial Election of 1256 took place while The Holy Roman Empire was in the midst of a period known as the Great Interregnum.
In July 1245, Pope Innocent IV had declared the then emperor, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, deposed, opening a split between two factions, the Guelphs and Ghibellines.
Richard was elected in 1256 as King of Germany by four of the seven German Electoral Princes (Cologne, Mainz, the Palatinate and King-elector of Czechia), though his candidacy was opposed by Alfonso X of Castile who was elected by Saxony, Brandenburg and Trier.
The pope and King Louis IX of France favoured Alfonso, but both were ultimately convinced by the powerful relatives of Richard's sister-in-law, Eleanor of Provence, to support Richard.
Ottokar II of Bohemia, who at first voted for Richard but later elected Alfonso, eventually agreed to support the earl of Cornwall, thus establishing the required simple majority.
Like his lordships in Gascony and Poitou, his title of Germany never held much significance, and he made only four brief visits to Germany between 1257 and 1269.
Sarazi (also spelt Saraaji or Siraazi) is a native language of the people of the Doda region in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Frank Boakye Adjei is a Ghanaian politician and member of the 7th Parliament and 4th Republic of Ghana representing the people of Effiduase in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.
He had his Bachelor of Arts in Law and Political science from University of Ghana in 1984 and proceeded to Ghana School of Law to obtain his Bachelor of Laws in 1989.
The women's 200 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 31 August and 2 September 1985.
While Ecoji uses more bytes for encoding when compared to alternatives like Base64, it can encode data in fewer characters, where each visible char represents 10 bits versus only 6 in encodings like Base64.
It was co-founded by CEO Emily Ramshaw and publisher Amanda Zamora, both former Texas Tribune staffers who served as editor-in-chief and chief audience officer, respectively.
Other executives include Johanna Derlega, chief revenue officer, formerly at The Hill and National Journal; Errin Haines, editor-at-large, and former national writer on race for The Associated Press; and Andrea Valdez, editor-in-chief, previously at the Texas Observer, WIRED.com and Texas Monthly.
While it is building its staff in early 2020 for a launch in the summer, it has a content sharing agreement with The Washington Post.
Starting April 22, it plans to kick off a national tour of Austin, Atlanta, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis and Seattle in order to help shape its coverage.
Among the funders to the site include Craig Newmark, for $500,000; Kathryn Murdoch for $1,000,000; Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors’ Reproductive Health and Women’s Rights Collaborative for $1,000,000; and various amounts from Ford Foundation, Emerson Collective, Knight Foundation, Abigail Disney, Arnold Ventures, the Packard Foundation, and others.
Princess was the class lead for a set of five locomotives built by the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR) in their own Grand Canal Street works from 1841.
Princess was both the first locomotive built in Ireland and the first locomotive to be completed by a railway company in the British Isles in their own workshops.
In common with other railways such as the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) it was found the cost of buying locomotives from independent manufacturers had become extremely expensive and enough expertise had been gathered in the Company's own workshops to construct locomotives themselves.
On 13 August 1941, she was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron One (MTBRon 1) under the command of Lt. William C. Specht and assigned to Pearl Harbor.
In May 1942, the squadron was reassigned to Lt. Clinton McKellar Jr. and tasked with the defense of Midway Island being lead by Marine Corps Colonel Harold D. Shannon.
The squadron made the 1,385 mile trip under their own power, then the longest made by PT boats to date refueling at Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals, and Lisianski Island.
After the battle, the squadron was sent to attack the remainder of the Japanese task force but was unable to locate the target.
In Chicago, the young X-Men rescue a pair of mutant children from a mob of violent anti-mutant protestors and take them to the X-Mansion where they are checked over by Cecilia Reyes.
Marvel Girl tells Kitty Pryde that the children's minds had been wiped by someone so skilled that even she was unable to use her telepathy to piece together what happened to them.
During a date with Bloodstorm, young Cyclops expresses his fears of the two becoming serious if he is destined to have to go back to his own time but Bloodstorm encourages him to focus on the time they do have together.
Suddenly, the restaurant is attacked by a mysterious mutant and his minions and, although they try to fight them off, Bloodstorm is killed when the mutant impales her through the heart with his spear which causes Cyclops to unleash an optic blast so powerful that it forces the attacker to flee.
Cable arrives and tells Iceman he needs to get away but he refuses and insists he stay and fight alongside him.
The time-displaced X-Men rendezvous at the mansion where Cyclops explains to Prestige that the minions of the man that killed Bloodstorm had the same markings on their face as she does.
Beast then notes that Iceman is missing and Marvel Girl uses cerebro to try and locate him but she explains that his mind has seemingly disappeared.
In a secret underground lab, the attacker reveals himself to be a younger version of Cable who locks Iceman inside a tube and resolves to find the other four original X-Men.
Kitty holds a meeting with all of the X-Men and proposes that they split into four teams, each tasked with protecting one of the younger time-displaced X-Men so that Ahab and his accomplice are unable to find them.
He is frustrated that the present day X-Men want to babysit them and keep them out of the fight against Ahab.
Cylops chases down the shooter and discovers that it is a younger version of Cable, who is able to teleport away with Angel before the other X-Men arrive.
Beast takes his younger self to his lab to tend to his wounds and, while younger Beast believes Cable is brazen by attacking them at the mansion, the older Beast retorts that it is an attack born out of desperation.
Ahab invades the mansion and an enraged Prestige charges at him but he easily bests her and uses the two mutant children to enable him to take control of Old Man Logan.
Young Cyclops is frustrated at having been taken to Atlantis by Nightcrawler, X-23 and the adult Jean Grey but she refuses to allow him to take the fight to Ahab and promises to protect him in their underwater base.
Marvel Girl reveals to Domino that she chose to go along with her, Warpath, Cannonball, Boom Boom and Shatterstar) because she scanned their minds and determined that they were planning to go after the young Cable.
Back at the mansion, Beast, Storm, Hellion, Armor, Rockslide, Kitty and the adult Angel and Iceman hold off Ahab and Logan while the time-displaced Beast escapes but he is confronted with young Cable, who captures him.
Ahab uses the children again to take control of Nightcrawler and Shatterstar but Jean and Cannonball manage to save the young Cyclops and Marvel Girl from their attacks.
Domino tells Marvel Girl that she and her team intend to kill young Cable and she uses her telepathy to guide them to his location.
Cannonball brings Shatterstar back to the mansion where Cecelia tries to free him of Ahab's mind control while the rest of the X-Men plan to attack his base in order to free Logan, Prestige and Nightcrawler.
Marvel Girl confronts young Cable who explains that he killed his older self because he had failed his mission to keep the timeline safe by allowing the young X-Men to stay in the present day.
He then reveals that Ahab is trying to kill them so that they will never be able to go back to their original time, therefore drastically changing the future to one where mutants have all been wiped out.
Boom Boom states that the young Cable is a monster by experimenting on Iceman and Angel but Cable explains that they must be the same as they were when they originally left their time and that he has cut off Angel's fire wings and replaced them with those of /Mimic so that history will not be changed.
Ahab attacks Atlantis and Jean's team desperately try to protect Cyclops while they wait for the rest of the X-Men to arrive and, although young Cable, who teleports in with the young Marvel Girl, Angel, Iceman and the others arrive to help, Ahab manages to kill young Cyclops with a spear.
Jean orders young Cable to take the time-displaced X-Men away as they are being overrun by Ahab's forces but they refuse and resolve to fight, just at Kitty and her X-Men arrive to provide support.
As Ahab uses the children to take over even more X-Men, Cable convinces the young X-Men that they need to return to their original timeline.
Young Iceman breaks down to his older self, admitting he doesn't want to be forced back into the closet but the present day Bobby tells him that his younger self finally allowed him to accept that he was gay and promises that he will be finally be able to truly be himself when he grows up.
Cable teleports them five years into the past, where Marvel Girl tracks down the mutant children and learns how to undo their brain washing.
Cable then sends the young X-Men back to their original time while he and Ahab return to the present day where Cable informs Jean that everything will go back to normal once the young X-Men close the time loop.
In 1964, the young X-Men change into their original clothes and Marvel Girl performs a mind wipe so that they won't remember their time in the present day although she informs them that she is able to lock their memories away so that, once the loop is closed, their older selves will regain those memories.
Back in modern day, the founding X-Men inherit the memories of their younger selves, allowing Jean to defeat the young mutants and free everyone from their control with the exception of Prestige, who teleports away with Ahab, closely pursued by young Cable.
The X-Men mourn the deaths of Bloodstorm, Cable and Mimic before Jean, Beast, Iceman and Angel meet alone in a diner and reminisce, proposing a toast to Cyclops (who died during the Death of X storyline) and to friends both past and present.
In his lab, young Cable announces that he has completed his mission and tells his father, a resurrected Cyclops, that it is time for him to make his return.
The men's pole vault event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2 September 1985.
The 1930 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1930 college football season.
Wildcat co-captain Herbert Hagstrom would go on to serve as principal and later superintendent of nearby Portsmouth High School; he died in March 1971 at age 62.
Co-captain Kenneth Clapp died in September 1959 at age 51; he had served in World War II and worked for Kraft Foods in the Chicago area.
He wass the Burgenland chairman of Young People's Party from 2002 to 2008 and became chairman of the Mattersburg district chapter in 2010.
The group will continue to promote as 8 as Cube states Yan An will not participate in Pentagon's first full album promotions.
The video revealed Pentagon's logo shining brightly into a black hole after several intersecting images of the universe, with the release date of Pentagon's first studio album.
The album was supposed to accompany by a fan showcase but Cube Entertainment decided to cancel it due to the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
He represented China at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 82.5 kg event in 2012 and the silver medal in the men's 80 kg event in 2016.
Two years later at the 2019 World Para Powerlifting Championships he also won the silver medal in the men's 80 kg event.
Ulises Antonio Rayo López (born in 12 January 1994), is a Nicaraguan professional football player who plays for the Nicaraguan national team.
He debuted internationally on 11 October 2019 in the CONCACAF Nations League and scored his first goal for Nicaragua in a 3-1 victory against Dominica.
The men's javelin throw event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 2 September 1985.
A left-handed player from Innsbruck, Schiessling turned professional in 1994 and reached a career best singles ranking of 257 in the world.
Most of his ATP Tour main draw appearances came at his home tournament, the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, but he had his best performance at Mallorca in 1998, beating Marat Safin en route to the quarter-finals.
It was founded originally as the Ohio Library Association on February 27th, 1895 by William Howard Brett, Electra C. Doren and Linda A. Eastman.
The Ohio Library Council was incorporated as a federated organization consisting of the Ohio Library Association, Ohio Library Trustees Association (est.
OLC is run by a Board of Directors made up of three degreed library employees, three current library trustees, and seven at-large members.
In 1810 she did come back into Aberdeen with one of the largest cargoes brought into that port: 17 whales yielding 200 tons of oil.
In 1950 she was at the center of a custody dispute in Beverly Hills, California, in which she alleged that her foster mother had beaten her and starved her.
Her birth mother, Lena Brunson, gave her into foster care when she was five years old and she was raised by A.J.
The State Constitutions of Venezuela are the fundamental charters of the federal entities of Venezuela, which were approved by each of their respective regional parliaments (called the Legislative Councils of Venezuela) in accordance with the guidelines on State Public Power established in Chapter III (Articles 159-167) of Title IV of the 1999 Constitution of the Republic.
The men's triple jump event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 31 August and 2 September 1985.
Jeremy Ngakia (born 7 September 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right back for West Ham United.
Born in Brockley, south London, Ngakia was initially involved in the academy at Chelsea, before joining West Ham United at the age of 14.
Diviš was imprisoned for seven years before the provincial courts declared Havel's seizure illegal, and Diviš was able to ransom himself and reclaim the castle.
As an aggregator, Knewz features stories from various news websites across the Internet; Knewz shares user data with those websites and as of 29 January 2020 Knewz features no advertising on its own page.
As of 30 January 2020, the site included national sources such as CNBC, CNN, Bloomberg, the Washington Post, the New York Times, NBC News and the New York Post, the Wall Street Journal, Fox News, Axios, The Blaze, Bleacher Report, BuzzFeed, Daily Kos, Deadline, Mother Jones, National Review, Newsmax, the Washington Examiner and Talking Points Memo, as well as local sources from all 50 U.S. states.
The 1898 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1898 college football season.
The 2019 DTM Assen round is a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 20 and 21 July 2019.
The film tells about the struggle of the mission in Kabul with representatives of the West for signing a cooperation agreement.
Sir Charles Hugh Willis Troughton (27 August 1916 – 13 May 1991) was a British businessman and barrister who was chairman of W H Smith, director of the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes, and chairman of the British Council.
Troughton was educated at Haileybury College (1930–35), followed by Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned a BA with honours in 1938.
He was reported as missing in action in the summer of 1940, while a 2nd Lt. Before the end of the war, he returned home, where he was educated at Inns of Court (1943), and was discharged from active duty in 1946.
He was also director of the Equity & Law Life Assurance Society PLC (1965–77); Thomas Tilling Ltd (1973–79); Barclays Bank (UK) Management (1973–81) and Barclays Bank International (1977–82).
Troughton was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1966 New Year Honours and knighted in the 1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours.
Other artist such as Japanese doll maker Mataro Kanabayashi the Third, bladesmith Kunihisa Kunihisa, calligrapher and artist Sisyu, and Hideo Komatsu the president of the shamisen company Komatsuya Co., Ltd. are also listed as collaborators.
The Museo de Arqueología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Puerto Rico (Museum of Archaeology of the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico) is a museum of archaeology located at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Puerto Rico (PUCPR) main campus on Avenida Las Américas in Ponce, Puerto Rico.
The museum is an educational unit of the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico's Biblioteca Encarnación Valdés, the university's main library.
It has a collection of more than 10,000 artifacts from the past civilizations of Puerto Rico, including Igneri, Pre-Taíno, and Taíno cultures.
In addition to displaying its permanent and special exhibitions, the museum also guards numerous other artifacts which are currently not on display due to its space limitations.
In 1971, when Dr. Enrique Laguerre was head of the PUCPR's Department of Hispanic Studies, there was developing interest in creating a program on Puerto Rican Studies at the University.
It was also during this embryonic stages that the idea of creating a museum of archaeology at the university stated to take shape.
To augment its exposure to the study of archaeology, the University contracted with Dr. Ricardo Alegría who taught a course on archaeology in 1973-74 academic year.
This offering with continued, upon Dr. Alegría's departure, by Professor Juan Manuel Ledesma Criado, who taught the course for two additional years.
It was then that with the help of Mela Pons de Alegría, Ricardo Alegría, Juan Gonzalez, Luis A. Rodriguez Gracia, and several donors, Dr. Enrique Laguerre accomplished his dream of opening the museum.
During the 1970s, the museum held collections obtained from the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, pieces from the Mr. Herman Ferre's private collection, Santos from Dr. Luis F. Sala, archaeological discoveries donated by the Sociedad Guaynia de Arqueología e Historia, and miscellaneous donations from students and friends of the University, and for several years ran under the supervision of university professor Juan Manuel Ledesma Criado.
Regretfully, the rapid growth of the university in terms of its student enrollment made it necessary to expropriate the area where the museum operated and turn it into a classroom for the university's English Language Institute.
As a result, the museum was dismantled, with the archaeological material sent to storage and the exhibits put under the supervision of the University library.
To provide continuity to the museum, Antonio Matos, the university librarian, arranged for the creation of two large glass displays at the library, thus creating the University Museum as an integral part of the library.
The endeavor had the concurrence of university president Francisco Carreras, who also approved the allocation of approximately $12,000 ($ in dollars) towards the project.
Meanwhile a batey was discovered in the mountain town of Utuado and, upon concurrence of University president Dr. Francisco J. Carreras, was brought in and annexed to the museum on the grounds next to the library.
The completion of these bateys and the museum vitrines brought about the re-inauguration of the Museum on 20 November 1980 under the supervision of head librarian Antonio Matos Vazquez, and this is how the museum stands today (2020).
Not long afterwards, the museum display area was enlarged to occupy areas underneath the library staircases that lead to the library's second floor.
In the mid 1980s, Mr. Luis A. Rodriguez Gracia and Dr. Luis E. Diaz Hernandez engaged in the arduous and time-consuming task of cleaning, identifying, categorizing and, in general, curating the entirety of the collection not on display.
P. Tosello Giangiacomo, contained, among other specifics, a complete register of every item in the collections, the personnel involved in its identification, the location of each item as discovered as well as its current location at the University, and the methodology followed in the curation process.
In 2010, Luis A. Rodriguez Gracia, after more than three decades as museum curator and historian, published a 6-page manuscript detailing the history of the museum and its collection.
Although she did not win in 1937, she placed second on her first attempt and would go on to win this event four times, finishing first in the last race held prior to World War II in 1939, and in three consecutive events after the war in 1952, '53, and '54.
On 11 June 1939 Simon won the inaugural race in the Championnat féminin de l'Union Sportive Automobile driving a Renault Juvaquatre on the Péronne circuit prior to the running of the Picardy Grand Prix.
Simon made two appearances at the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race, driving a 2 L Ferrari 166 MM both times.
Route 203, also known as Fair Haven Road, is a north–south highway along the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland.
There are no other major intersections or communities along its entire length, and as with most highways in Newfoundland and Labrador, it is entirely a two-lane highway.
As of 1883, the community contained one grocery store, one sawmill, a grain warehouse, a schoolhouse, a railroad station/post office, and about 12 homes.
The Forum of German Catholics was founded on 30 September 2000 in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda and is based in Kaufering, Bavaria.
In 2007 Eva Herman, who has been accused of promoting ideas from the Third Reich, served as a guest speaker at the forum's seventh annual congress.
Herman's involvement was also protested by , the Minister of Economics in Hesse, who resigned from his patronage of the congress.
In 2019 the forum called for Catholic women to boycott the , after the organization had shown support for the Mary 2.0 movement.
Itaberaba will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
He had served as deputy party chief of Hubei province and party chief of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, since 2018, and previously served as Chairman of Baowu Group, China's largest steelmaker.
He is an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and was a delegate to the 8th National People's Congress.
In September 1980, he entered Huazhong Institute of Technology (now Huazhong University of Science and Technology), majoring in materials management and engineering.
In September 1984 he entered the graduate school of Beijing Iron and Steel Institute (now University of Science and Technology Beijing) and joined the Communist Party of China in December 1985.
Ma began working at Baosteel of Shanghai in July 1995, and became director of the Planning and Finance Department in 1999.
When Baosteel and Wuhan Steel merged to form Baowu Steel in October 2016, he was appointed the chairman and party chief of the new company, China's largest steelmaker.
In March 2018, he was transferred from Baowu to the provincial government of Hubei and appointed deputy party chief of the province.
During the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak, Wuhan residents criticized Ma and his subordinate, Mayor Zhou Xianwang for their slow response to the epidemic.
On January 27, 2020, in an interview on China's national TV, Zhou acknowledged that the city failed to disclose information on the coronavirus outbreak in a timely way and offered his resignation over the January 23 decision to lock down the city.
Lauren Michele Jackson (born 1991) is an American culture critic and assistant professor of English and African American studies at Northwestern University.
Itaberaba will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will have two entrances: one on Avenida Itaberaba, 1823; another on Avenida Ministro Petrônio Portela, 1850, next to Vila Penteado General Hospital and CEU Freguesia do Ó.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
On 28 February 2018, it was announced that she would graduate from the group due to her devotion to the voice acting industry.
A right-handed player from Los Angeles, Lemon played college tennis for the University of Tennessee and the University of Southern California, after which he competed briefly on the professional tour.
Lemon reached a best singles ranking of 263 in the world, with his best performance a second round appearance at the 1985 Japan Open.
The 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
João Paulo I will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in the confluence between Avenida Miguel Conejo, Avenida João Paulo I and Rua Baião Parente, next to Rua Ameliópolis.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
Joann Anton Venuto, also styled as Jan Antonín Venuto, (24 May 1746 – 1 April 1833) was a Czech clergyman, watercolorist, draftsman, and cartographer.
In 1769, he became a canon living with Bishop Jan Leopold Hay at the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, Hradec Králové.
Melting Millions is a 1917 American silent comedy film directed by Otis Turner and starring Sydney Deane, Cecil Holland, Velma Whitman, George Walsh, and Frank Alexander.
It was the sixth (men) and ninth (women) editions of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2020 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.
Born in Moraga, California, Lehnhoff competed on the professional tour in the early 1980s and played college tennis for the University of California, Berkeley.
Lehnhoff had a career high singles ranking of 182 in the world and featured in the qualifying draw for the 1983 Wimbledon Championships.
He made the second round of two tour events, the 1982 Quito Open and the 1984 WCT Tournament of Champions in Forest Hills.
In 2020, Morris was appointed manager of Papua New Guinea National Soccer League club Morobe Wawens, after spending the previous season with Laiwaden.
He studied initially at St. Martin’s School of Art in London, England, ultimately completing a BFA degree at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design.
Collins' work is held in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada, The Art Gallery of Nova Scotia and the New Brunswick Museum.
His estranged father took him from mother, when he was young, and he then lived with his father, step-mother, and step-sisters, in Abu Dhabi.
Originally being constructed as a branch for Huanggang Central Hospital, it was rapidly converted into a quarantine facility as a response to the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The building was originally intended to be used as the new branch of Huanggang Central Hospital with the original opening schedule in May 2020.
However, due to the fast-spreading of the Wuhan Coronavirus, the authority announced on 24 January 2020 the building would be converted quickly to treat the virus patients.
The works to convert the building started on 25 January 2020 by converting the empty building by 500 construction workers, electricians and policemen.
The parliament in Dublin on May 7, 1689 declared him to be attainted as a traitor if he failed to return to Ireland by 1 September.
His first wife was from Bristol and he had pile of stones erected on a rock in the Bristol Channel, known as Cook's Folly.
Freguesia do Ó will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
With a total area of , it will also have four underground levels and an estimated transit of 15,000 passengers per day.
Mar Abimalek Timotheus (28 August 1878 – 30 April 1945) was an Assyrian priest of the Church of the East who served as Metropolitan of Malabar and All India from 1907 until his death in 1945.
Born in the village of Mar Bisho in the Ottoman Empire, he was sent to India by Catholicos-Patriarch Shimun XIX after Shimun received a petition to appoint a bishop from the Chaldean Syrian Church in Trichur (now Thrissur).
The Holy Synod of the Assyrian Church of the East announced that Timotheus would be canonised in May 2018 following the adoption of a new procedure for canonisation, and his sainthood was formally proclaimed by Catholicos-Patriarch Gewargis III on 29 September 2019.
The Stephen Gaynor School is a private, coeducational special education school on New York City's Upper West Side, associated with New York Interschool.
The lac au Lard is the main body of water on the slope of the ruisseau du Lac au Lard, located in Haute-Batiscanie, in the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of Lac au Lard is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late December to early March.
A road bridge over the forest road R0400 intersects the northern part of the lake, thus forming a bay stretching for to the northwest.
The mouth of Lac au Lard is located North-West of the mouth of the confluence of the Jeannotte River with the Batiscan River, near which passes the Canadian National railway, and east of Petit lac Wayagamac.
From the mouth of Lac au Lard, the current descends successively towards the northeast on , on first towards the south then towards the east following the course of the Jeannotte River, and on the course of the Batiscan river towards the south which flows on the northwest bank of the St. Lawrence river..
He would become second lieutenant in the October of 1861, then first lieutenant and regimental adjutant in the August of 1862.
On November 5, 1878, Jackson was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Cheboygan County district from January 1, 1879 to 1880.
Leader of the military operations in Melilla during the 1909 Melilla Campaign, he later served as High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco (1913–1915) and as Minister of War (1917 and 1918).
Born on 13 April 1850 in Figueres, province of Girona, he is sometimes reported to be born in 1848, as his father (a captain of the Spanish Armed Forces) declared him to be 2 years older in his application to the military.
With a military career in infantry, and promoted to colonel in 1893, Marina was destined to places such as Philippines and Cuba.
At the helm of the military in the North African city, Marina Vega commanded the operations in the Melilla hinterland in retaliation to the attacks of Riffian tribesmen during the so-called Melilla War, including the in July 1909, that, taking place simultaneously with the Tragic Week riots in Barcelona, prompted a dismay in the Spanish public opinion.
The family moved to Aubervilliers, France as exiles due to the danger of her father's profession during the Algerian Civil War.
At the national level, she is a two-time Danish women's champion (2016, 2017) and a three-time junior champion (2009, 2013, 2014).
hiQ took them to court arguing that public information, shared in the way that Microsoft published it, was available to everyone.
Santa Marina will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
Terezín Initiative () is a voluntary organization for survivors of the Theresienstadt Ghetto and other Holocaust survivors from the Czech lands, as well as their descendants.
Terezín Initiative was one of the main collaborators in an effort to create a machine-readable database of the 150,000 victims of Theresienstadt.
The Goseigers are young members of the race, humans born with mysterious powers who 10,000 years ago moved to the so not to cause trouble for regular humans.
They are divided into three Tribes: the optimistic with power over the aerial elements, the tough with power over the earth, and the calm-headed with power over the water element.
Unlike his Skick Tribe partner Eri, Alata is ten times more sensitive to the wind and he can easily pick up and track evil around the area.
However, despite being a strong leader for the group, Alata is usually an airhead and often does things before thinking about them.
is the oldest of the group and the lone member of the Seaick Tribe, after the death of his partner Magis.
Because he is the oldest, he is wise and usually calm, often paying very close attention to detail no matter how trivial.
Prior to the beginning of the series, he was killed by Kurasuniigo of the 5000 °C after sacrificing himself to save Hyde, briefly transforming into to do so.
Ending up in a glacier, Groundion made a pact with the planet itself as it gives him the means to assume his human-like form to fight the revived Yuumajuu and cleanse the Earth of any threat to it.
His motivations however have put him at odds with the current Goseigers, as he doesn't care for the people who inhabit the Earth and pollute it.
When the Yuumajuu were finally defeated and the forces of Matrintis appear, along with his life-force dwindling by then, Gosei Knight is in a dilemma of continue aiding the Goseigers or not.
It was only after realizing that humans, in the example of Nozomu, have the potential to right their wrongs and protect the planet just as much as they can damage it as well, that Gosei Knight is able to truly fight alongside the Goseigers as their support.
Once Buredoran is revealed to be Brajira, their relation revealed to the Goseigers in the process, Gosei Knight personally battles his former master before being captured so his Final Power can be used by the villain.
Soon after being tortured, Gosei Knight is infused with Brajira's Dark Gosei Power and forced to once more serve his master as .
Eventually, after Brajira is defeated and the world safe, Gosei Knight decides to rest once more to regain his full power.
Supporting the Goseigers during the Legend War, Gosei Knight sacrifices his ability to assume humanoid form to defeat the first Zangyack invasion force.
Unlike the Goseigers, Gosei Knight uses the mysterious , enabling him to use the abilities of the Skick, Landick, and Seaick Tribes.
is the leader of the Gosei World and the Goseigers' contact to their homeworld, providing them with information to fight Warstar and later the Yuumajuu.
Playing a role in giving Gosei Knight the power to help in the Goseigers' final battle with the Matrintis Empire, Master Head reveals himself when he temporarily possesses Professor Amachi to give the Goseigers assistance, giving them insight about the Yuumajuu's sealing and Brajira.
He first meets Alata when the Goseiger stops a baby carriage from rolling down a flight of stairs at a park.
Although it is the Goseigers' policy not to let mankind know of their existence, Alata convinces his teammates not to erase Nozomu's memory; instead, they make him their close ally.
is an amateur astronomer who runs the Amachi Institute, Nozomi's father and only present parent as his wife works away from home and rarely comes home.
Regardless, Amachi aids them on certain occasions and eventually learns the truth about the Gosei Angels from Master Head after agreeing to be his medium to talk through due to being of pure heart.
is a robot that is sent by Master Head to Earth, prior to Heaven's Tower being destroyed as both an emergency system and means for communication between the Gosei World and Earth.
To perform their mission, the Gosei Angels use the mystical sealed away in Gosei Cards that are kept in the Gosei Card Buckle belts.
Following an insect theme, the name of each member's home world being an anagram of the type of Earth insect they represent, all Warstar-related members and things have names that are modifications of the Japanese names of American Science fiction films.
Before their invasion of Earth, they realized that the Gosei Angels would be trouble for them, so they destroyed the in a preemptive strike.
His signature attacks are the , the , and his most powerful attack being the ceremony where he uses the dark matter in his body to cause a nearby satellite to impact the planet he is currently on.
Before invading the Earth, his new follower Buredoran informs him of the Gosei Angels and the threat that they pose to his plans, so Mons Drake tasks Dereputa to destroy Heaven's Tower in a preemptive strike in an attempt to bar the Gosei Angels from Earth.
However, as five Gosei Angels were on the planet at the time, Mons Drake is forced to have his forces deal with them.
Eventually, after growing tired of the Goseigers' interference, Mons Drake performs the Gravity Fall ritual to make the Moon collide with Earth.
Soon after, Mons Drake attempts another plan by transferring Earth's oxygen into the Indevader and have it crash into the Earth to burn every human.
is a who was a foot soldier until his fighting spirit attracts Mons Drake's attention, promoting him to combat commander and his right-hand man.
He was the one who destroyed Heaven's Tower when Warstar began its invasion on Earth, and became Gosei Red's nemesis after severely injuring his forearm in their initial confrontation.
In reality, discarding his breastplate with a scar on his chest from the attack, Dereputa came to the realization of acting on his own to prove his superiority.
is a treehopper-like alias adopted by Brajira after he arrived to the present era just as the Indevader arrives in Earth's orbit; managing to become one of Mons Drake's top commanders within a short time while providing Warstar with intelligence on the Gosei Angels.
Fighting the Goseigers personally whenever their Tensou Techniques or weaknesses are exploited, Buredoran uses the along with his signature attack, the (which allows him to fire an energy blast from his hand).
One of the last remaining members of Warstar after Mons Drake's destruction, Gyōten'ō has been hunting for the Horn of Ragnarok on another planet.
Though he damages the Dragon Headder prior to enlarging, Gyōten'ō is destroyed by Wonder Gosei Great; with the Horn shattered in the process.
When Kinggon was destroyed, the Bibi Bug Hive ended up in Metal-Alice's possession, modifying them to convert into Bibi Nails to enlarge Matroids.
However, one Bibi Bug survives and evolves into a humanoid form called who enters the body of Yumeko Hoshino in order to execute a master plan that would destroy the Goseigers and everything they stood for in order to avenge his kind while feeding on the darkness in human hearts.
The are foot soldiers that were originally dolls that are given life through the Bibi Bugs, and armed with various weapons.
For the Yuumajuu, these films are monster movies and each member of the Yuumajuu is modeled after a specific cryptid or other horror film creatures mixed with an arthropod element.
Ten thousand years ago, the Yuumajuu battled the ancient Gosei Angels until their two leaders were sealed by Brajira in the , the source of the Yuumajuu's power.
In 2010, Dereputa's meteor shower inadvertently exposed the Erurei Box, allowing Brajira to secretly break the seal and rejoin them in his Buredoran guise, freeing the Yuumajuu once more as they intend to pollute the Earth and make it into an ideal paradise for themselves.
is the leader of the Yuumajuu who wishes to reform the world in his image so his kind can flourish and take delight in human suffering.
However, Makuin intends for his apparent demise to absorb the full brunt of Super Gosei Power before his remains are transferred into the Erurei Box to regenerate and create the to destroy the Earth.
After the box is enlarged and placed on top of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, Makuin begins the final phase of their plan: absorbing the entire Earth.
But the Goseigers travel inside and once they overcoming his illusions, reach his core in the Yuuma Hole and destroy him once and for all.
Though he and Makuin are a powerful pair, Kinggon unintentionally falls under the spell of his friend Jogon by Buredoran, nearly getting himself killed by the Goseigers when he attempts to prove his superior strength to what he believed was Makuin.
However, Kinggon realized he was deceived and managed to find the Bibi Bugs' hive before returning to get rid of Buredoran.
Kinggon aids Makuin in their final plan until his partner is killed off and he himself is destroyed by Gosei Ultimate soon after.
He is named after , which in turn sounds similar to the Japanese ape-like cryptid Hibagon and uses the kanji for .
is the Yuumajuu's strategist armed with the ; an alias Brajira used to get close to the Yuumajuu so he can seal them.
However, after Warstar was defeated by the Goseigers, Buredoran resumes his Yuumajuu guise as he releases Makuin and Kinggon, providing them with the enlarging and Demon Bug Soldiers Bibi.
Sensing the Abare Headder, Buredoran manages to take it as his weapon by acting without the others and somehow tames it.
However, Gosei Red manages to reach the Headder and convert it into the Miracle Dragon Headder, resulting in Buredoran's first defeat by the Goseigers as Makuin and Kinggon imprison him for his recklessness.
Though he's eventually released, Buredoran proceeds to turn Kinggon against Makuin and take his place as the latter's right-hand man in order to remove him from power.
Eventually, after aligning himself with the Gedoushu, Buredoran's remains are found by Metal-Alice, who presents him to her leader, Robogōgu, who revives him as Buredo-RUN of the Cyborg.
The minor are cryptid-based monsters with arthropod elements who avoided their Makuin and Kinggon's fates by hiding within different parts of the Earth before their leaders are released.
Unlike members of the first two (Warstar and the Yuumajuu), who were modeled after terrestrial invertebrates, Matrintis characters are modeled after marine invertebrates.
However, due to a cybernetically modified survivor and his robotic creations taking refuge in the , the Matrintis Empire resurfaces in 2010 and used the likes of Warstar and the Yuumajuu to get an advantage over the Goseigers through studying their fighting abilities.
After a failed attempt to obtain an energy source, the Matrintis Empire officially makes their presence known as they uses the information on the Goseigers to begin their plan to enslave humanity.
Though ostracized for his methods prior to converting himself into a cyborg, the Matrintians begged for his help when their city sank into the sea.
Since then, Robogorg believes all organic life because of their emotions have no purpose other than to serve him and his machines by using fear.
Though he uses Matroids to do his dirty work, Robogorg is not above personally getting involved in fights if it benefits his need to gather data on an opponent.
His most powerful moves are the cannon, an all-out attack that causes earthquakes and can only be used once, and the self-destruct, with enough power to wipe out a continent.
After getting enough info on his enemies, Robogorg makes his move to finish them off by using Bred-RUN as a sacrifice to seal the Tensouders and the Leon Cellular.
After enlarging he tries to use a self-destruct attack to wipe out the Goseigers and possibly all of Japan, but is stopped by Datas Hyper and Gosei Ground before being scrapped by Ultimate Gosei Great.
is Robogorg's personal attendant and the marshal of Matrintis who is the first high spec Matroid built by her master to serve him.
In battle, able to shoot the breast-like missiles on her chest, she calculates any factor and uses previous battle data to enhance specs on Matroid designs.
She wields the with the mode that allows her to summon the Bibi Soldiers and the Bibi Bugs to fight for Matrintis and converts the Bibi Bugs into the to enlarge the Matroids.
After attempting to talk him to back away from the fight in their first encounters, Metal Alice has since become a frequent rival of GoseiKnight.
After being destroyed by Wonder Gosei Great, Metal Alice loses Robogorg's respect as he deems her model low spec and installs a Punishment Bomb on her rebuilt body to keep her in her place.
But after reviving Bred-RUN, and being saved by him, Metal Alice developed an interest in the concept of friendship while starting to realize that the Goseigers can not be underestimated.
Soon on the eve of the final battle, after learning that Robogorg only kept her around in order to perfect Bred-RUN into an ideal servant, Metal Alice restores Bred-RUN's memory and sets up a scheme with him to do away with Robogorg.
is the revived form of Warstar/Yuumajuu member Buredoran, turned into a cyborg by Robogorg and made into the newest member of the Matrintis Empire with his memory wiped out save his name and hatred for the Goseigers.
As a result, Buredo-RUN is more of a team player and secretly perfected to be an ideal Matroid and serve as Robogorg's trump card against the Goseigers.
It would turn out that Robogorg copied Bred-RUN's original memory and keep it on his person for analysis on the Goseigers.
By the time he learns of this, Buredo-RUN is used by Robogorg in a scheme to cripple the Goseigers and Gosei Knight that drained of most of his energy as a result.
However, Buredo-RUN regained his memories prior to the battle thanks to Metal Alice and had manipulated the fight's events so Robogorg's body would be heavily damaged by the Goseigers so he can personally finish the job.
With the use of Metal Alice's enhancement of the Bibi Bugs to become Bibi Nails, the Matroids are able to enlarge.
, the primary antagonist, is a with a Messiah Complex who assume the many guises of Buredoran to battle the Goseigers.
He also carried the spear while in Warstar, the clawed gauntlets in his Yuumajuu guise, a Shōryū Bakuzantō-style blade in Gedoushu form, and both the hand-held blades and built-in while as a Matroid.
By having an Orb enter his chest armor, Brajira can perform an ancient version of the , his being more crude compared to present Tensou Techniques used by the Goseigers and Gosei Knight.
He also has used the Tensou Technique , an incomplete Tensou Technique that sent him to the future while mutating him by accident.
Brajira has also mastered the forbidden Tensou Technnique , that allows the user to bring life back to all creatures on the planet, using it as the basis for which has the opposite effect and thus cause a mass extinction.
Brajira was originally the most powerful of the Gosei Angels, able to use all three elements at once after killing his teammates to take their powers for his own.
After sealing the Yuumajuu leaders Makuin and Kinggon while incognito as Bredoran of the Chupacabra, Brajira became obsessed with his mission as a Gosei Angel to the point of fashioning the , which would allow him to destroy the world and remake it in his own image as its Messiah.
To that end, after the other Gosei Angels hold him responsible for killing his teammates, Brajira used the Time Travel Tensou Technique to travel from his time into the present, distorting his looks in the process as Warstar arrives on Earth.
From there, Brajira joins Warstar under the name Buredoran of the Comet and provided them with his inventions - the and the enlarging , along with his knowledge on the Gosei Angels so Warstar can do his dirty work in disabling them before he disposes of the aliens personally.
After Warstar's defeat by the Goseigers, Bredoran returns to the Yuumajuu after secretly unsealing its leaders to have them finish off the Goseigers, momentarily assuming his Warstar guise to take advantage of Gyōten'ō's plan to use the Horn of Ragnarok to destroy the planet.
After losing face in the aftermath of the Abare Headder incident, Buredoran attempts to do away with both the Yuumajuu leaders and the Goseigers.
In this form, Buredoran uses his Bibi Bugs to turn Shinken Red into his follower to use his fire Modikara with Makodama's power in a scheme to transfer the Sanzu Rivers' waters into the Gosei World through a portal that opens every two centuries.
His near lifeless body is then discovered by Matrintis Empire's Metal-Alice after her encounter with a mysterious Super Sentai group, and he is rebuilt as Buredo-RUN of the Cyborg with his memories erased, as Robogorg knew of his true identity and intended to use his ability to seal the Tensouders.
Taking control of the Terminel, renaming it , Brajira reveals his true form and captures Gosei Knight to make him his servant once more.
Furthermore, using the military might of Warstar, the magic of the Yuumajuu, and the advanced technology of the Matrintis Empire, Brajira begins setting up his master plan to set up the ceremony by having his Dark Headders be destroyed so they can become wedges in key points to start the process by the time of the upcoming solar eclipse.
After destroying Labyrindel in an attempt to get rid of Gosei Knight, Brajira begins his final battle with the Goseigers after activating the wedges.
Upon being mortally wounded, he transfers the last of his Dark Gosei powers to the wedges in order to power them up for the activation of Nega End, intending to take everyone down with him.
He battles Gokai Red and Gosei Red within his own subspace, using the Bibi Soldiers to hold them off while having a Bibi Bug tail them so he can unleash dead-on hits.
In a final gambit by the Black Cross Colossus, Brajira is revived again along with his Buredoran guises before they are all ultimately destroyed by the combined finishers of Gokaioh, Gosei Great, and many of the previous Sentai teams' giant robots.
Like his fellow Gosei Angels, Brajira utilizes as part of his arsenal, but uses them to create evil multi-headed monsters called .
They are fusions of mythological beasts with a weapon element and are each named after a fantasy film series, with the heads' individual names divided in Japanese by the interpunct.
It was originally intended to be a part of LJ Hooker's Gateway Atlanta project before that company declared bankruptcy shortly after the building's opening.
One of the first major tenants in the building was the Coca-Cola Company, leading to the building sometimes being referred to as the Coca-Cola Computer Center.
In 2012, Prudential Real Estate Investors (the real estate division of Prudential Financial) purchased the building from a partnership between Cousins Properties and the Coca-Cola Company for $61 million, retaining Cousins Properties to manage the property.
Água Branca will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
With her skating partner, Balazs Nagy, she is the 2020 U.S. national junior champion, the 2019 U.S. national junior silver medalist, and the 2019 JGP Poland silver medalist.
She has four siblings named Cameron, Chase, Maddie, and Caroline, and her older brother Chase also competes nationally in figure skating.
She trained in singles with Jessica Mills Kincade in Louisville, Kentucky and in pairs with Delilah Sappenfield and John Coughlin in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Finster tried out with Balazs Nagy in the fall of 2017, around Thanksgiving, and they officially teamed up in early 2018.
The pair relocated from training with Jessica Miller and Stephanie Miller in Louisville to work full-time with Sappenfield and Larry Ibarra in Colorado Springs.
In their first season as a team, Finster / Nagy were assigned to 2018 JGP Czech Republic, where they finished ninth.
They then won their first international medal at 2019 JGP Poland, earning the silver medal, behind Apollinariia Panfilova / Dmitry Rylov of Russia and ahead of Germany's Annika Hocke / Robert Kunkel.
They won their first junior pairs title at the 2020 U.S. Championships, ahead of Anastasiia Smirnova / Danil Siianytsia and Winter Deardorff / Mikhail Johnson.
The 2020 West Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the West Coast Conference during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The tournament will return to a format similar to that used from 2003 to 2011, with slight changes to the terminology used for the rounds prior to the semifinals.
Rischbieth was born in Glenelg in the colony of South Australia to Charles Rischbieth, a Hanover-born merchant and business leader, and Elizabeth Susan Wills.
After returning to Australia, he moved to Western Australia in 1899, settled in Peppermint Grove, and built Henry Wills & Co., a large grazing and wool business.
Rischbieth married Bessie Mabel Earle at the Wesleyan Church in Kent Town on 22 October 1898, who became a prominent social reformer and advocate for women's rights.
She earned her Bachelor of Arts in history from Brandeis University but became a stay at home mother to take care of her four children after graduating.
Folkman eventually decided to continue her education 12 years later and noticed that many women were coping well with the stress of re-entering school to start careers and others floundered.
She almost joined the PhD program at Washington University in St. Louis until her husband was offered a position in California and she accepted a placement at the University of California, Berkeley.
Folkman decided to stay and teach at Berkeley where she met Thomas J. Coates who interested her in studying people with HIV/AIDS.
He convinced her to join the faculty at the University of California, San Francisco to begin a research program focusing on stress and HIV/AIDS.
In 2006, Folkman was appointed chair of the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine and the North American Research Conference on Complementary and Integrative Medicine.
The U Sports men's volleyball championship is an annual tournament that features the top eight men's volleyball teams from among competing Canadian universities in U Sports.
The champion is awarded the Tantramar Trophy, named after the Tantramar Marshes in New Brunswick, which was donated in 1967 by Mount Allison University.
The 2019 champions are the Trinity Western Spartans, who have won six championships in program history, including three in the last four years.
The first championship tournament was held in Calgary, Alberta and featured the UBC Thunderbirds defeating the Mount Allison Mounties 3-0 and the Sherbrooke Vert et Or 3-0 en route to being the first CIAU men's volleyball champions.
In 1984, six teams played in two pools and then, based on the results, advanced to single-elimination games to determine a winner.
The championship currently consists of an eight-team tournament, with champions from each of the three conferences, one host (from Canada West in 2020 and 2021), an additional Canada West team, two additional OUA teams, and one additional team from the RSEQ.
While the berths for the conference champions and host remain consistent year-to-year, the other four invitees can change based on the host's conference and the competitive landscape in U Sports.
Teams are ranked by a committee as well as by the ELO ranking used to determine weekly Top 10 rankings nationally.
The team ranked 1st plays the 8th ranked team, 2nd plays 7th, 3rd plays 6th, and 4th plays 5th in the quarter-finals.
To ensure common rest times, teams are not re-seeded after the first round, so the winner of 1v8 plays the winner of 4v5 and the winner of 2v7 plays the winner of 3v6.
Prior to 1983, there were no third place finishes, and the second place finish was the loser of the championship game.
While the Dalhousie Tigers now play in the RSEQ, they had won their medals while playing in the AUS conference, which no longer fields men's volleyball teams.
SESC-Pompeia will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in the confluence between Avenida Pompeia and Rua Venância Aires, where it will attend Allianz Parque and Bourbon Shopping Mall, situated between the districts of Barra Funda and Perdizes.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
In April of that year Auma started the Global Ambassador Program (the GAP) to equip young people from the global south on skills and tools to take action in their communities.
In August of the same year Auma took the challenge to get over 100,000 postcards from children in the Guinness World Record 100,000 post card challenge.
The project was initiated by the Swiss Agency for Development and she felt the need to help raise voices of children and youth from the global south that have been heavily underrepresented so political leaders could take urgent action to fight climate change.
Through the GAP, Auma worked with young people from 10 countries including Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya, Libya, Lebanon, Nepal and Bangladesh going to schools to get children's opinions what climate action means to them.
She also became involved in lobbying governments for environmentally friendly policies and participated at the UNEA4 conference in Nairobi, Kenya where she met the incoming Executive Director of UNEP, Inger Anderssen at the time.
In 2019 Auma participated at the Africa Climate Week and the ECOSOC Youth Forum where together with the YOUNGO constituency organized the SDG13 Climate Action break out session.
She would attend the HLPF session and the United Nations Climate Action Summit where she advocated for more financing into youth-led climate action.
She also participated in the Climate Change conference later that year in Madrid where together Plant for the Planet, Youth Climate Lab and Hatof Foundation and with support from the COP25 Presidency they organized a fireside event for young people to understand how business friendly CEOs can work with youth activists.
As one of the ambassadors of the Africa Youth Climate Hub Initiative, she spoke alongside Oladuso Adenike on the kind of support that young people need to push for climate action.
He composed this of individuals who acted for the party as spokespeople in assigned roles while he was Leader of the Opposition.
As the National Party formed the largest party not in government at the time, the frontbench team was as a result the Official Opposition within the New Zealand House of Representatives.
In strip spelling bees players who spell words wrong have to start removing some of their music, accompanied by burlesque strip-tease music.
Mount Dagelet is a glaciated mountain summit located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska, United States.
The peak is situated in Glacier Bay National Park, south of Mount Crillon, and northwest of Mount La Perouse, which is the nearest highest peak.
The mountain was named in 1874 by William Healey Dall of the U.S. Geological Survey, for Joseph Lepaute Dagelet (1751-1788), a French astronomer and mathematician who accompanied Lapérouse when he explored this coastal area in 1786.
The first ascent of the peak was made July 29, 1933, by W. S. Child, C. S. Houston, and H. A. Carter.
Perdizes will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in the confluence between Avenida Sumaré, Rua Apinajés and Rua Apiacás, in the district of Perdizes.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
The 2020 Charlotte Independence season is the club's sixth season of existence, and their sixth in the USL Championship, the second tier of American soccer.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Charlotte's season.
In 1940, Beck ran for in the Democratic primary for the position of member of the Michigan House of Representatives from Wayne County 1st district, but was defeated.
On November 4, 1952, Beck was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the CWayne County 1st district from January 14, 1953 to 1954.
In 1954 and 1956, Beck ran for the position of member of the Michigan House of Representatives from Wayne County 4th district, but was defeated both times.
PUC-Cardoso de Almeida will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in the confluence between Rua Cardoso de Almeida and Rua João Ramalho, in the district of Perdizes.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
John L. Ostrander (July 15, 1908 – June 29, 1988) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the Saratoga district from 1946 to 1962.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and currently serving as dean of School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University and director of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP).
In 1985 he was accepted to Central South University, majoring in non-ferrous metal, where he obtained his doctor's degree in 1997.
G'Vaune Amory (born in 22 June 1997), is a professional football player from St. Kitts and Nevis who plays for the Saint Kitts and Nevis national team.
In 24 August 2017, Amory scored his first goal for St. Kitts and Nevis against India in a friendly match in a 1–1 draw.
In 8 September 2019, Amory scored a goal in a major tournament against non-FIFA member French Guiana in a 2–2 draw in the CONCACAF Nations League.
Angélica-Pacaembu will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in the confluence between Rua Ceará and Rua Sergipe, where it will attend Pacaembu Stadium, in the district of Consolação.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
It lies in close proximity to the border with Ibb Governorate and contains the Mosque of Muhammad ibn Ziyad and a school.
Joseph was a three-star recruit and received offers from Army, Mississippi State, Alabama, Georgia Tech, Air Force, Tulane, Louisiana, Southeastern Louisiana, and UTSA.
He originally committed to Georgia Tech on January 10, 2016, but decommitted more than a year later on January 23, 2017.
In 2018 he took 18 field goal attempts and made 14 of them with a long of 49 yards against Mississippi State.
During 2019 he made 8 field goals off of 11 attempts with a long of 43 yards and also made 59 PATs.
During their last game of the year against Auburn Tigers football, Bulovas had a field goal opportunity to tie the game up at 48 with a 30-yard field goal attempt with 2:04 left on the clock.
After another limited schedule in 2012, during which he won the series' Most Popular Driver Award, he moved to a full-time slate in 2013 and finished 12th in points.
During the 2013 season, he suffered an upper-body injury in a wreck at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park, leading to a brief hospitalisation.
In August, Courtemanche made his NASCAR Camping World Truck Series debut at Mosport with SS-Green Light Racing; he had tested a truck with the team at Virginia International Raceway earlier in the month.
In 2013, he and business partner Daniel Prioulx created La Cité de Mirabel, a real estate project located near Quebec Autoroute 15.
14 Bis will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in the confluence between Avenida 9 de Julho, Rua Doutor Lourenço Granato, Rua Cardeal Leme and Rua Manuel Dutra, next to Praça 14 Bis, in the district of Bela Vista.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
It was created in 1841, and was based on the previous electoral districts of l'Assomption and La Chesnaye (or Lachenaie) in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
With the merger of those counties, the new district stretched from south-west of Montreal (now Les Moulins Regional County Municipality), north across the Saint Lawrence River to the north-west of Montreal (now the L'Assomption Regional County Municipality).
The offeree can exercise the power of acceptance to create a binding contract with the offeror, provided that the power of acceptance is not revoked by the offeror.
The promisor assumes the obligation under the promise at the moment the promisee has performed the act which fully satisfies the conditions stated in the promise.
However, once the promisee has begun to perform, an implied obligation may apply to the promisor that the promise cannot be revoked.
The power of acceptance can be terminated in a number of ways, either by the offeror, the offeree, or operation of law.
If there is a date or event specified in the offer before which the offer must be accepted, then the power of acceptance remains valid until that particular date or the occurrence of that particular event.
If there is nothing being specified in the offer, then the power of acceptance will lapse at the end of a reasonable time.
Taking into consideration the nature of shares, a period of five months was too long that the defendant's offer to purchase shares had lapsed.
In a case where a reasonable time has lapsed, but the offeree does in good faith believe the length of time so passed is reasonable, there may still be a chance a contract is created, despite the delay of acceptance.
If the offeror failed to do so, he would be bound by such a late acceptance as a matter of fairness.
In the US, the comment to Restatement (Second) of Contracts, section 41 stipulates the conversation rule that if the parties negotiate face to face or over the telephone, the offer must be accepted by the end of that conversation, or the offer will lapse automatically, unless intention shows otherwise.
The broker did not accept the offer by the end of the conservation, and said that he need to check with his clients.
However, he refused to take the delivery of steel at the end, and argued that under the conservation rule, his power of acceptance was no longer valid.
It was held that the jury was entitled to find the verbal offer did extend beyond the end of the conservation, as it was normal for a steel broker to confirm with his clients before accepting an offer.
If an offer is not irrevocable, then the offeror may revoke the offer at any time before acceptance, provided that such revocation is effectively communicated to the offeree.
The intention of revoking the offer must be communicated to the offeree, and that can be done either by the offeror or a third party.
The plaintiff later learnt from a third person that the defendant had changed his mind, but nevertheless tried to accept the offer.
Under the firm-offer rule, the fact that the offeror has promised the offeree to keep the offer open for acceptance for a certain period of time does not render such an offer irrevocable.
However, when an offer is being made, the offeree provides a consideration to the offeror for the purpose of keeping the offer open, then the offer becomes irrevocable.
If the offer is irrevocable and the offeror revokes the offer, then the offeror is liable for expectation damages for revoking the offer before acceptance.
In a unilateral contract, an offer can be revoked by the offeror at any time before the completion of the invited act.
Under the unilateral-contract rule, the fact that the offeree has commenced the performance of the invited act does not render such an offer irrevocable.
He paid one-third of the price, and said to his son and daughter-in-law that if they paid the regular mortgage instalments for the remaining two-third of the price until the mortgage was paid off, then he would transfer the title of the house to them.
It was held that the father's promise to convey the title to the son and daughter-in-law was irrevocable once they had begun paying the regular mortgage instalments.
If an offer includes the details of consideration, and is signed by the offeror, for the purpose of exchange of promises within a reasonable time, then the offer is enforceable, provided that there is nominal consideration.
It recognises the performance of the invited act stated in the offer by the offeree as part of the consideration, and the offeror's obligation to perform his promise in the offer is conditional upon the completion of that invited act.
If an offer is rejected by the offeree, then the offer as well as the power of acceptance which comes with it are terminated at once.
If a counter-offer is made by the offeree to the offeror, the original offer is deemed rejected, and the power of acceptance included in the original offer is therefore terminated.
During contract formation, parties may exchange communications regarding the offer, and such communications do not necessarily constitute a rejection or counter-offer.
At the end, the plaintiff accepted the offer before deadline, but the defendant refused to assume the obligation under the offer.
It was held that the plaintiff's enquiry about the payment terms did not kill the offer, and the defendant was bound to honour the offer.
In the US, Restatement (Second) of Contracts, section 38(2) provides an exception to the counter-offer rule that if the offeree makes a counter-offer to the offeror, together with a statement that the original offer is being taken under further advisement, then the counter-offer will not terminate the original offer.
Moreover, the comment to Restatement (Second) of Contracts, section 59 stipulates that if the offeree includes some conditions in the acceptance, and such conditions are implied in the offer, then the acceptance is not considered as conditional.
The power of acceptance can also be terminated by operation of law in the case of the death of the offeror or a material change in the circumstance.
Bela Vista will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in a block between Avenida Brigadeiro Luís Antônio, Rua Pedroso and Rua Rui Barbosa, in the district of Bela Vista.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
The 2017 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships were held in Asan, Republic of Korea, from 29 June ‐ 4 July 2017.
Many found his peace-motivated character traits contrary to the game's theme of conflict, and he was often derided as one of Warcraft's least popular characters.
Vaccinations are given at birth, then again when the baby is 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months old.
Dong Shaoming (; born October 1962) is a Chinese engineer who is a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
He received his bachelor's degree and master's degree from South China Institute of Technology (now South China University of Technology) in 1984 and 1987 both in inorganic nonmetallic materials.
He was a senior visiting scholar/visiting researcher at the University of Bordeaux (1998–1999), Kyoto University (1999–2002), and Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (April 2002–July 2002).
Indermaur graduated from the University of Western Australia, obtaining a masters in clinical psychology in 1979 and a Doctor of Law in 1997.
In 1976 he worked as a psychologist for prisoners in Western Australia, researching public views on punishment for crimes and court sentencing.
The First Treaty of Tirana (1926) and the Second Treaty of Tirana (1927) were signed in Tirana between Albania and Italy.
In 1925, Ahmet Zogu, was elected as a President for seven years and on the 1st September 1928, during his swearing ceremony he proclaimed himself as the King.
Being the first and the last king of the Albanian nation, he served the country from 1922 until he fled to France during the start of the Second World War in 1939.
Albania was thought by Italy as the portal for the rest of the Balkan countries, Greece and the Near Eastern countries.
In May 1925, Albania accepted the proposal of the Italians, to find the Albanian National Bank, acting as the country's treasury despite being solely controlled by the Italian banks.
The proposal came with a five-year loan equivalent of about 2 million pounds of that time.Zog I accepted to restore order in his country and help with its development.
This weakened the King's economic hold and slowly gave way for the two Treaties to be signed by Zog and the Italian dictator, Mussolini.
It pushed Tirana to accept Italian officers and ranking member into their army and police to oversee the Albanian army and train it.
Military experts started to instruct Albanian paramilitary groups, whilst allowing in the meantime the Italian navy to access the port of Vlorė.
The Treaty meant a lot more to the Italians as it enabled them to enter Albania freely, whether a real or fictional threat existed.
The signage of both the First and the Second Treaties gave the Italians the freedom to access and control the Albanian economy and military, making Albania an Italian Protectorate.
In Rome, a ministry was created specifically to control the Albanian affairs and count Francesco Giacomoni was appointed regent of Albania.
She received her bachelor's degree and master's degree in sociology from University of Memphis, and later received her doctoral degree in sociology from Northwestern University.
In 2015, Robinson received backlash over her Tweets related to white students' perceptions that Black college students are admitted due to their race, and statements related to criticism of the Confederate flag.
It was later announced that Robinson had already accepted a position at another university, which University of Memphis had not stated in their initial tweet.
The Palazzo Vigodarzere, once known as Palazzo Zigno is a Neoclassical palace located on Via Rudana #35 in central Padua, region of Veneto, Italy.
Buffington, who was raised in La Jolla, played college tennis for UCLA and was a member of the 1984 NCAA Championship winning team.
He made the round of 16 in the mixed doubles at the 1987 Wimbledon Championships, partnering Nicole Jagerman of the Netherlands.
His first entry into his career was when he was recommended for an internship with Aaron Spelling and Nolan Miller, a television producer and fashion designer respectively.
Through his work with Nolan, Zunino was able to work with multiple people, such as Nancy Reagan, Elizabeth Taylor, and Joan Collins.
Produced by Silver Link and Connect, the series is directed by Hideyo Yamamoto with scripts by Hiroyuki Yoshino and character design by Keiichi Sano.
On March 15, 2015, publisher Dengeki Bunko announced that a two-part OVA based on an original story by creator Gakuto Mikumo would be released by year's end.
A second 4 volume, 8 episode OVA series based on the 9th light novel, co-produced by Silver Link and Connect and with returning director Hideyo Yamamoto, was released between November 21, 2016 and May 24, 2017.
A third 10 episode OVA series, produced by Connect and with returning director Hideyo Yamamoto, debuted on December 19, 2018, and concluded on September 29, 2019.
The airport was buit in 1982 as Aeropuerto Nacional de Tlaxcala (Tlaxcala National Airport), however it did not have the desired success, for the year it registred more movements was 1994 with only 24 air operations.
On March 3, 1997 the Tlaxcala State Goverment yielded the airport to SEDENA, making Base Aérea Militar n°19 Tlaxcala (Tlaxcala Air Force Base).
In 2004 this air force base was turned into an air force station being named as Estación Aérea Militar n.° 9 Atlangatepec.
It has a 8,235 feet long by 98 feet wide runway, as well a 75,350 sq ft aviation platform with a terminal building, control tower, parking for cars and a taxiway linked to the runway.
This military airport is used by 601st Air Squad that operates unmanned aerial vehicles like Hydra S-45 Báalam, Hydra G-1 Guerrero, Hydra S-4 Ehécatl, Hydra E-1 Gavilán, ADS Dominator XP, Elbit Skylark and Elbit Hermes 450.
Upon his release from the hospital he gave up boxing, and worked as a low ranking worker, first at Gostat and then at the Service Delivery Company (IPS).
In the summer of 1992, he assaulted a policeman Nelu Flore in front of the former Vox Maris nightclub in Bucharest.
Flore fired two warning shots and then, as Spoitorur confronted him with a ninja sword, he fired 6 more rounds, hitting Titișor in the torso.
However, the trial was suspended shortly by the judges of the Bucharest Court on the grounds that Spoitorur was seriously ill and could not appear before the court.
In January 1996, he was allowed to leave detention for two weeks, as he was seriously ill and had to be admitted to Fundeni Hospital, for surgical procedures.
He spent 3 years in prison and was released on October 24, 2003, after his third appeal was upheld by the Bucharest Court of Appeal, that he should be released conditionally on medical grounds.
According to newspaper reports, he had been advised against hot showers by doctors, but took a hot shower against the advice of doctors.
Ruth Helen Butterworth (21 August 1934 – 29 January 2020) was a New Zealand political scientist at the University of Auckland from 1965 until her retirement.
Born in England, Butterworth studied at the University of Oxford, from where she graduated Master of Arts and, in 1959, DPhil.
In the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honours, she was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to tertiary education.
Bridgeview is a neighbourhood in the Whalley town centre of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, that stretches south from the Fraser River to King George Boulevard.
The neighbourhood consists of all the low-lying area between the Port Mann Bridge in the east and the Pattullo Bridge in the west.
Residents of the neighbourhood fought the municipality of Surrey in the mid-1970s to build proper sewers as septic tanks would often overflow into drainage ditches.
The station is located in the portion of South Westminster which borders the southern edge of Bridgeview, at the interchange between King George Boulevard and Scott Road.
The ORA R1 is a city car presented and produced by Great Wall Motors under the electric vehicle sub-brand, ORA since 2019.
According to Great Wall Motors, ORA stands for ‘open, reliable and alternative’ and is aimed at the young and upcoming city dweller.
The lithium-ion battery of the ORA R1 can propel the vehicle up to 102 km/hr and has an NEDC range of up to .
The Great Wall Motors has announced it's introduction in India with its Haval and ORA brands, with the ORA R1 being one of the first models to be introduced in India.
The ORA R1 is priced between 59,800 and 77,800 yuan ($8,680 to US$11,293), making the R1 the world's cheapest electric car as of 2019.
Joseph J. Weiser (December 25, 1912 – September 17, 2004) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from New York's 6th district from 1955 to 1962.
Gnani Seguabdulcader Mohamed Sheni Abdul Razick, known as Ghulam Razick (10 December 1942 – 26 October 2019) was a cricketer who played for Ceylon in the 1960s.
He was less successful at first-class level, but he played a leading part in Ceylon's victory over the touring English team in a one-day match in 1968–69, taking three wickets and scoring the winning runs.
In September 2018, he was one of 49 former Sri Lankan cricketers honoured by Sri Lanka Cricket for their services before Sri Lanka became a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).
Whittlesey culture is an archaeological designation for native people who lived in northeastern Ohio during the Late prehistoric and Early Contact period between A.D. 1000 to 1640.
They flourished as an agrarian society by 1500—growing maize, beans, and squash—when their populated began to decrease due to disease, malnutrition, and warfare.
The Whittlesey culture people created a distinctive style of pottery and built villages that were designed to be defensive, set high on promotories with steep cliffs and then surrounded by ditches or stockades.
About 1640, Whittlesey villages were abandoned and due to the displacement of native groups during the early contact period with Europeans, it is not known where or how they relocated.
The culture is named for Charles Whittlesey, an archaeologist and geologist who was the founder of the Western Reserve Historical Society.
He was known for his work discovering and describing indigenous people, the Whittlesey culture, who lived in northeast Ohio from A.D. 1000 to 1600.
Their villages were surrounded by ditches or palisades and were located near the Lake Erie coast or on plateaus in river valleys.
At first, from A.D. 1200 to 1350, people of the Whittlesey culture were primarily hunter-gatherers who cultivated crops a bit and fished.
The culture's final phase, beginning about 1500, shows that people no longer ranged for food; They were an agrarian society, growing beans, squash, and maize.
Many of the Whittlesey sites have not been preserved from this period, but there are villages on promotories along the Cuyahoga Valley.
They are located about eight miles from their neighboring villages and are located on steep bluffs with protective ditches and walls.
Some pottery resembled Wellsburg sites in the Upper Ohio valley from the and Ricker ceramics in the Tuscarawas River valley from the 15th century.
Stemmed knives, small triangular projectile points, and flake scrapers are the few types of tools found from the Early Whittlesey period.
After 1350, family members were buried in larger graves and, depending upon the group, ornamental goods were buried with some of the dead.
The remains of some of the people identifies deaths due to disease, nutritional deficiency, and traumatic injury, including charred and butchered human bones.
Whittlesey sites were abandoned about 1640 and were not populated again until the mid-1740s when Odawa and Wyandot people from Detroit moved into the area.
Due to the degree of displacement of native groups during the early contact period, it is difficult to ascertain what happened to the Whittlesey culture people.
The site is located on a promontory above the western bank of the Cuyahoga River near Independence, Cuyahoga County, Ohio and seven miles from Lake Erie.
The Outdoor Education Center (OEC 1 Site), a Independence Board of Education building, is also an archaeological site of prehistoric people of the Whittlesey culture and earlier.
The excavated items were found over a dispersed area in 1999 by a group led by Mark Kollecker, Supervisor of Archaeology Field Programs of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.
Kollecker led another Archaeology Field Experience program group in April and May 2000 and found several post molds and nine cooking and storage pits of prehistoric people.
One was an engrave slate gorget, the other is the skull of dog, which had been drilled with 14 symmetrically-placed holes, cut and ground.
It is thought to be roughly contemporary with some of the paintings at Dilberjin and generally dated a bit later, from the late 5th century to the early 7th century.
The 2019 Dhaka Second Division Football League was 5th edition of the league.It 4th tier football league in Bangladesh founded 2015 by the Bangladesh Football Federation.A total twelve teams are participate in the league.
Gong Shengkai (; born July 1956) is a Chinese materials scientist who is a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University.
After graduating from Northeast Institute of Technology (now Northeastern University (China)), he earned his doctor's degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1988.
It was about a nurse in a small town that has no doctor who is arrested for practising medicine without a licence.
It is located between New Bloomington and Marion on Espyville Road north of its intersection with Ohio State Route 95, at .
Motown Sound is a Black American pop music signature sound of a team of producers, songwriters, arrangers, vocalists, and instrumentalists from a small Detroit, Michigan record company Motown that eventually became the largest black-owned enterprise in the country, a national competitor in the previous mass white market.
Crafted with an ear towards pop appeal, the Motown Sound typically used tambourines to accent the back beat, prominent, and often melodic electric bass-guitar lines, distinctive melodic and chord structures, and a call-and-response singing style that originated in gospel music.
Pop production techniques such as the use of orchestral string sections, charted horn sections, and carefully arranged background vocals were also used.
The Hitsville studios remained open and active 22 hours a day, and artists would often go on tour for weeks, come back to Detroit to record as many songs as possible, and then promptly go on tour again.
Berry Gordy held quality control meetings every Friday morning, and used veto power to ensure that only the very best material and performances would be released.
The test was that every new release needed to fit into a sequence of the top five selling pop singles of the week.
Many of Motown's best-known songs, including all the early hits for the Supremes, were written by the songwriting trio of Holland–Dozier–Holland (Lamont Dozier and brothers Brian and Eddie Holland).
The style created by the Motown musicians was a major influence on several non-Motown artists of the mid-1960s, such as Dusty Springfield and the Foundations.
In the United States, Motown Sound was one of prototype elements of disco during the late 1960s and early 1970s and was influential in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom, where the Northern soul scene was born out of admiration of the Motown music.
The Richard Rodgers Award is an annual award presented by the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and was created and endowed by Richard Rodgers in 1978 for the development of new works in musical theatre.
These awards provide financial support for full productions, studio productions, and staged readings of new and developing works of musical theatre, and to nurture early-career composers, lyricists and playwrights by enabling their musicals to be produced by nonprofit theatres in New York City.
The film was controversial because it was seen to embrace a movement that urged parents to get tough with abusive teenagers.
As a result of the operation Dawn-9 (Walfajr-9) which was finished on 28 February 1986, Iran's forces captured several areas from Iraqis; The captured places were including: A few border checkpoints from the heights Kana, Sholeh-Kooran, Tange-Soor, MooBara, Makhlan, Kani-Maran, Sarv, heights 1470 and 1489.
Kala Suri Gnai Seenar Bangsajayah, (born 18 October 1934 – died 7 September 2004 as ), popularly known as G. S. B. Rani, was an actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater as well as a songstress, politician and a media personality.
She was one of the most popular playback singers in early Sri Lankan cinema industry with a career spanned over five decades.
She became a Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) supporter and an all Island organizer of the women's wing of the Party.
On 4 September 2004, she participated to the 53rd anniversary of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party held at Samanala Palama in Galle.
In 1944, Rani went to Colombia recording studios with her cousin Ahmed at the age of 14 for an audition at Porolis Fernando Company.
However, her father refused to using her own name in music industry, she abbreviated her name to G. S. B. Rani since then.
She continued to sing for almost every Sinhala film in following years and sang duets with Mohideen Baig, Dharmadasa Walpola, H. R. Jothipala, Sisira Senaratne, N. Karunaratne and W. Prematilleka.
During her seven years period, she introduced many popular singers to Sinhala music industry, including Nanda Malini, H. R. Jothipala, Edward Jayakody, Victor Rathnayake, T.M.
In 1977, she was ostracized as a singer by the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation for 15 years due to political conflicts with United National Party (UNP).
With that song, Rani became the only Sri Lankan female singer to sing with singers of two generations, father and son.
She won the Rana Thisara Award at 1995 Sarasaviya Film Festival, on behalf of her service to Sri Lankan cinema and music industry.
He was appointed to the role of Hyundai Shell Mobis WRT team principal in the World Rally Championship in January 2019, replacing Michel Nandan.
Zeng Guang (; born 1946) is a Chinese epidemiologist who is a chief scientist and doctoral supervisor at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC).
After graduating from Hebei Medical College (now Hebei Medical University), he was in graduate school of Peking Union Medical College, studying for a master's degree in medical science.
He was named a member of the Order of Canada in 1982 and in 2018, he was inducted into the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association Hall of Fame.
Atrangi Re is an Indian upcoming 2021 Hindi language musical romantic drama film directed by Aanand L. Rai, which stars Sara Ali Khan and Dhanush in lead roles, with Akshay Kumar appearing in an extended cameo.
It is Dhanush's third Hindi film and was officially announced on 30 January 2020 by trade analyst Taran Adarsh who shared the first four looks.
The film stars Munro Chambers and is about three best friends who become stranded on a yacht in the middle of the ocean.
It premiered at the Rotterdam International Film Festival on January 24, 2019 and has since been released at several film festivals including the Calgary Underground Film Festival, where it won the audience award.
Following the screening, it has been shown at the Chattanooga and Calgary Underground Film Festivals, where it won the audience award at the latter.
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 96% approval rating with an average score of 7.33/10, based on 50 reviews.
The book examines Ortiz's sexual relationship with her English teacher which began in 1986, when she was thirteen and he was twenty-eight, and the way in which she grappled with her understanding of their relationship as she grew older.
In 1986 thirteen year old Wendy Ortiz meets Jeff Ivers, her English teacher, who quickly singles her out for her writing talent.
After showing Jeff an erotic novel she has been working on, the two develop a personal relationship fuelled by late night phone calls during which Jeff alternately makes sexual advances towards her and praises her writing skills.
He tells her she must never write about their relationship and Wendy promises not to, though she secretly keeps copious notes the entire time they are together.
Wendy begins sneaking Jeff into her home where they begin a physical sexual relationship when she is only fourteen and he is twenty-eight.
Jeff reluctantly backs off from their relationship though he occasionally calls Wendy to ask probing questions about their friendship or bait her with stories about his own relationships with other women.
She revealed that in the course of her research she discovered that Ivers was eventually convicted of sexual abuse though she was never involved in bringing a complaint against him.
Collins-Simpson was born in Calgary, Alberta and raised in British Columbia and had his left left amputated below the knee at the age of five after he was hit by a semi trailer while riding his bicycle.
Norma Male BEM (1916 - 2017) was an Australian local government administrator, the first woman to be appointed permanently to the senior role of Town Clerk in New South Wales.
Male was appointed Town Clerk of Balranald Municipality in 1944 and became the Shire Clerk of Balranald Shire in 1957, following its incorporation.
Following her retirement Male moved from Balranald to Sydney where she worked part-time at the Town Clerks Society and Institute of Municipal Management from 1974 to 1988.
He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and serves as deputy director of the Advisory Committee for State Informatization (ACSI).
It was a penitent order which followed the Rule of St. Augustine and emphasized piousness, asceticism, and devotion to the Holy Cross.
Established in the 13th century, the order was initially based in Rome and had a few monasteries in Bohemia, Germany, England, perhaps Spain and France.
Most popular in the Kingdom of Poland (a total of five locations in the Diocese of Kraków with the main monastery in Kraków) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (a total of 18 locations in the Diocese of Vilnius with the main monastery in Videniškiai), the order was suppressed by the Tsarist authorities after the Uprising of 1831.
The church is known only from written records and possibly was located near the Arch of Constantine; its name might be derived from Meta Sudans, a Roman fountain located nearby.
It could also be a reference to Demetrius, an alleged Christian martyr who plays a role in the legends of order's founding.
It was also known as white crosiers or crosiers with red heart from the color of their robes or their emblem.
The order was particularly devoted to the crucifixion of Jesus and the Holy Cross as well as the early Christian martyrs (including a pseudo-martyr Demetrius).
However, the information about the order's activities is very fragmentary as its rules prohibited publicizing one's work, and many libraries and archives were lost when the monasteries were closed.
The origin of the order is unknown though it shares the legends about its founding in the 1st century by Pope Anacletus and restoration by Empress Helena and Judas Cyriacus with other Crosiers.
The earliest known papal document referencing the order is a document by Pope Alexander IV from 9 April 1256 which mentioned three monasteries – in Rome, Alsfeld (Germany), and Kuyavia – that came under the papal protection.
In 1256, the order was invited by King Ottokar II of Bohemia to Prague where the monks built the Church of the Holy Cross (completed in 1356).
In a papal bull of 1295, Pope Boniface VIII listed eight monasteries of the order – one in Rome, three in the Kingdom of Bohemia (two of them in Prague), two in the Kingdom of Poland, one in Germany, and one in an unknown island in Kuyavia.
The order was invited to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1390 shortly after the official Christianization of Lithuania in 1387.
The monasteries in Spain were reportedly located in Sarria and Arzúa, both founded by pilgrims visiting the Camino de Santiago in the Kingdom of Galicia, and were incorporated into the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine in 1567.
Initially based in Rome at the Church of the Sancta Mariae de Metro, the superior general later relocated to Prague in 1340.
In 1628, after the Battle of White Mountain, the Canons Regular of Penitence returned to Prague but they were not satisfied with their Polish superior general.
After a failed attempted to merge with the Belgian Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross in 1673–1674, the Bohemian order became an autonomous and independent order in 1678.
The new order became known as the Order of the Holy Cross with the Red Heart (Canonicus Ordo Crucigerorum cum Rubeo Corde).
In 1715, they established an annual celebration in honor of Saint John of Nepomuk (killed in 1393) who, according to Bohuslav Balbín (1621–1688), was first buried in the Church of the Holy Cross of the order and only later transferred to St. Vitus Cathedral.
As the number of monasteries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania continued to grow, the order formed a separate Lithuanian province.
After the failed anti-Tsarist Uprising of 1831, Russian Empire implemented various Russification policies and closed all monasteries of the order except for one in Užupis which was attached to the .
He and his family moved to New Zealand when he was 12 years old where they purchased a farm in the King Country.
Under his leadership the Farmers' Union passed resolutions on the need for public control of the country's financial system and increased payments to farm workers and the unemployed.
He stood for the Manawatu electorate for the New Zealand House of Representatives in where he placed third out of five candidates with Labour's Lorrie Hunter winning.
Following the election Closey tried to build a mutually beneficial relationship between the social credit movement and the Labour Party, writing to the finance minister Walter Nash.
However Closey's intented outcome of a partnership did not eventuate and his goal of a credit authority being established as an independent wing of government was likewise unrealised.
An amputee since the age of nine after a farming accident, she previously competed for Poland before defecting to represent Canada in the 1976 Paralympics and onward.
Michel is blind, having lost her sight at the age of three, and first competed when she was 14 years old.
He is a wicketkeeper-batsman and played for India national under-19 cricket team In December 2019, he was named in India's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
It was originally leased to The We Company for use by their WeWork co-working and WeLive co-living ventures until the company ran into financial issues and the lease was terminated after the building was topped out.
Martin Selig Real Estate announced its intention to build a 36-story residential and office tower in October 2014, shortly after purchasing three buildings on 3rd Avenue near Lenora Street for a total of $16.9 million.
One of the block's buildings housed the Jewish Federation of Greater Seattle and was the site of a shooting in 2006.
The mixed-use project initially had 140 luxury apartments and 13 floors of office space, but was changed to 384 market-rate apartments and 9 floors of offices during design review.
WeWork was planned to occupy of office space on the lower nine floors, while the upper 23 floors would have 384 co-living residential units under the WeLive brand.
The city government approved the design of Selig's Third and Lenora project in April 2017, with no major conditions or changes.
The owner of a nearby printing shop filed an appeal of the city's design approval over the width of the tower, measuring facing 3rd Avenue, but the hearing examiner declined to take action.
The three buildings on the site were demolished in August 2017 and construction of the Third and Lenora building began a month later under the direction of general contractor Lease Crutcher Lewis.
The building was topped out in August 2019 with the completion of steel framing for the two-story penthouse and amenities center.
In October 2019, Martin Selig Real Estate announced that its lease with WeWork would be terminated by mutual agreement amid the latter's financial situation following its cancelled initial public offering.
The project was designed by Perkins and Will and features a large setback above the 12th floor and a mid-level terrace to separate the office and residential floors.
The 2006–07 Midland Football Combination season was the 70th in the history of Midland Football Combination, a football competition in England.
The Shuanghuan Laibao (来宝) or Shuanghuan Laibao S-RV is a midsize SUV manufactured by Shuanghuan from 2003 to 2010, with the chassis based on the chassis of Shuanghuan Laiwang, which was designed based on the chassis of the fifth generation 1992 Toyota Hilux.
The engine options of the Laibao S-RV includes a 2.0 liter inline-four engine producing and of torque, a 2.2 liter inline-four engine producing and of torque, and a 2.4 liter inline-four engine producing and of torque, with all engines mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox.
The design of the updated 2003 Shuanghuan Laibao S-RV is controversial as the midsize SUV heavily resembles the second generation Honda CR-V compact crossover.
On November 13, 2003, Honda filed a lawsuit stating that the Shuanghuan Laibao is a violation of the intellectual property of Honda, as the Shuanghuan Laibao heavily resembles the second generation Honda CR-V.
In March 2006, China's State Intellectual Property Office made the decision stating that Honda's patent for the design of the Honda CR-V compact crossover is invalid.
In 2010, the Beijing People's High Court finally made the decision that the Shuanghuan Laibao of Shijazhuang Shuanghuan Automobile Co. had infringed the design patent of the Honda CR-V. Shijazhuang Shuanghuan Automobile Co. had to pay 16 million yuan (equivalent to 2.4 million US $ at that time), the final claim was 45 million yuan.
Troms Fotballkrets, is the governing body for football in the traditional district of Troms, which today is a part of the county Troms og Finnmark.
Mahendra Bishnoi is the grandson of Marwar's veteran leader Ram Singh Bishnoi and son of former Luni MLA Malkhan Singh Bishnoi.
Mahendra has carried on the family's legacy by winning from the Luni assembly seat.In 2018, he contested for the first time and won the election.
The Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships is an annual table tennis tournament regarded as continental championships between juniors and cadets.
The Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships (AJCTTC) is one of the most prestigious events of the world junior table tennis circuit.
Finnmark Fotballkrets, is the governing body for football in the traditional district of Finnmark, which today is a part of the county Troms og Finnmark.
Tsietsi Seleoane is a South African Anglican bishop: he served as a Suffragan Bishop in the Diocese of Natal from 2011 to 2019; and is the Bishop-elect of Umzimvubu.
Isaac Dodds became engaged with the Horsely Iron Company in the summer of 1832, and was seeming ably to facilitate orders from throughout the British Isles.
In 1933 the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, a leading railway operating company of that time, opened a competition for a new locomotive design.
The Dodd's designed entry though Horsley was seemingly the best entry, new locomotive innovations being claimed including a frame made from solid plate, use of expanding boiler attachment plates at the firebox end, and horizontal cylinders fitted outside the frame.
Kwadwo Kyei Frimpong is a Ghanaian politician and member of the 6th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana representing the people of Bosome Freho in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.
He had his Bachelor of Science degree in Land Economy from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi in 1974.
Hålogaland Fotballkrets, is the governing body for football in the traditional district of Hålogaland, which covers parts of counties Nordland and Troms og Finnmark.
There are 10 acres of gardens: this includes a walled kitchen garden, a restored Victorian conservatory, herbaceous borders, wildflower meadows and lawns.
There is a rural estate of 5,500 acres, where there is arable and livestock farming (including Sussex cattle and Norfolk Horn sheep), and 500 acres of semi-ancient natural woodland.
The Boston Chinatown massacre was a gang-related shooting that took place in a Boston Chinatown gambling den on January 12, 1991.
Two of the perpetrators, Nam The Tham and Siny Van Tran, were convicted of murder in 2005 after a decade-long international manhunt led to their 2001 extradition from China to the United States via Hong Kong.
Both Tran and Tham are serving life sentences in prison while the third suspect, Hung Tien has not yet been found as of 2017.
While no motive has been officially established, initial police reports and later FBI investigations indicated that the Ping On gang and one of the victims were vying for power in Boston Chinatown.
According to Assistant U.S. Attorney Susan Hanson-Philbrick, Pham was a rising star in Asian American organized crime in the late 1980s.
Pham was a loyal Ping On member throughout the 1980s who had 200 men at his disposal, control over lower Washington Street at the western edge of Chinatown, control over at least two gambling parlors, and his own drug business offshoot from Ping On.
Tham was sent to school in China, returned to Vietnam, and then moved back to China, Hong Kong, and then moved to San Francisco in 1981.
The gambling den was frequented by ethnic Chinese immigrants from Myanmar, many of whom worked as waiters in nearby restaurants and gambled after work.
No motive has been officially established, but initial police reports indicated a conflict between Chinese and Vietnamese gangs vying for power in Boston Chinatown in the aftermath of the late 1980s decline of Ping On.
Around 11 p.m. on December 29, 1988, Ping On gang members launched a failed assassination attempt on Luu in a parking lot on Tyler Street that resulted in no deaths.
In January 1989, Luu was gathering gang members in New York while Tse was in Hong Kong to assassinate the Ping On leaders in Boston.
High-ranking Ping On members were aware of the plot, and Tse returned to the United States in May 1989 and October 1990 with Pham.
The three men announced a robbery, ordered the eight patrons to put their hands behind their heads, and shot Luu in the head before shooting five other men in the head at a point-blank range.
In Tham's statements to Boston police in December 2001, he claimed that he pointed the gun at the club manager Young and told him to leave while Tran and Pham shot the other six men.
Tran told police that he did not have a gun and that he did not kill anyone during the massacre, claiming that his brief departure from the gambling den was a failed errand to purchase cocaine.
The three perpetrators, Pham, Tham, and Tran, drove to Atlantic City to gamble for a few days before escaping to China on a United Airlines flight from Philadelphia International Airport to Tokyo three weeks after the massacre.
Later that year, Tran and Tham were arrested and held in prison in China on drug charges and undisclosed crimes respectively.
After delicate negotiations, the Chinese authorities agreed to extradite the two men after the FBI arrested Qin Hong, a Chinese fugitive wanted in China for millions of dollars of fraud, in New York in April 2001.
Since China and the United States did not have an extradition agreement, the two men were extradited to Boston via Hong Kong through the Hong Kong–United States extradition agreement.
Hong was sent to China via Panama, after which Tham and Tran were deported to Hong Kong on October 19, 2001 and then extradited to the United States in December 2001.
On October 5, 2005, Tham and Tran were each convicted for five counts of first degree murder and one count of armed assault with intent to murder.
In January 2011, Tham and Tran appealed their convictions in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the basis of prosecutor pressure on the juries and the use of unauthenticated airline flight records.
It was officially launched at the Frankfurt Bookfair on 7 October 2010, and holds its annual meeting each year at the fair.
In addition to providing a network for European university presses, AEUP organizes conferences and workshops on issues related to academic publishing.
The most common oral manifestation of upper respiratory viral infections is the presence of small round erythematous macular lesions on the soft palate.
●      Sphenoidal – can cause pain or pressure behind the eyes, but is often felt in the top of the head, over the mastoid processes, or the back of the head.
The most common predisposing factors for chronic sinusitis include periapicalor periodontal infection from teeth in the upper jaw, dental trauma, or iatrogenic causes, such as dental extractions and placement of dental implants.
In otherwise healthy patients, the most common bacterial organisms cultured from acute sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Anterior nasal or posterior pharyngeal discharge is present; it may be thick or thin in consistency and appear clear, mucoid, or purulent.
Maxillary sinusitis is associated with increased pain when the head is held upright and less discomfort when the patient is supine.
It may develop with anatomic derangements, including deviation of the nasal septum and the presence of concha bullosa (pneumatization of the middle concha) that inhibit the outflow of mucus, or with allergic rhinitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and dental infections.
In some cases, nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, sore throat, lightheadedness or generalised fatigue, also may be present or even dominate.Radiographically, the involved sinus has a cloudy, increased density appearance.
Acute sinusitis is defined as inflammation of less than 4 weeks, subacute as 4–8 weeks, and chronic as either longer than 8–12 weeks in duration.
In addition to the patient's symptoms, the diagnosis in the past often was made by procedures (such as, transillumination) and by radiographs (such as, the Waters, Caldwell-Luc, lateral, and submental vertex views).
Thickening of sinus mucosa and the accumulation of secretions reduce the air space of the sinus and cause it to become increasingly radiopaque.
The most common radiopaque patterns that occur in the Waters view are localized mucosal thickening along the sinus floor, generalized thickening of the mucosal lining around the entire wall of the sinus, and near-complete or complete radiopacification of the sinus.
Scrutinizing the area around the maxillary ostium on plain images or CT images may reveal the presence of thickened mucosal tissue, which may cause blockage of the ostium.
Rather, it may represent the more localized thickening or mucositis that can occur in association with rarefying osteitis from a tooth with a nonvital pulp.
In contrast, in cases of infection, the thickened mucosal outline tends to be smoother, with its contour following that of the sinus wall.
Chronic sinusitis may result in persistent radiopacification of the sinus with sclerosis and thickening of the bony walls as the sinus periosteum is stimulated.
On history, sinus infections usually present with pain involving more than one tooth in the same maxillary quadrant, whereas a toothache usually involves only a single tooth.
As with other conditions for which the prolonged use of antibiotics is prescribed, the potential development of bacterial resistance needs to be considered.
Switching to a different class of antibiotics to treat an odontogenic infection is preferable to increasing the dosage of an antibiotic that the patient has recently taken for another condition.
Pharyngitis is defined as inflammation of the pharynx which is the back of throat, whereas tonsillitis is defined as inflammation of the tonsils.
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis are usually caused by bacterial or viral infection.The most common causative bacteria is group A b-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) infection, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
Common findings include sore throat, fever, difficulty in swallowing, redness in the back of throat, white or gray patches at the back of throat and swollen lymph nodes.
A twilight switch is an electronic component that allows the automatic activation of a lighting circuit when natural light drops in a given environment.
Among a large number of uses, the most common is to enable automatic lighting of streets, roads, highways, roads, gardens, courtyards, etc., when sunlight drops below a certain level (e.g.
A circuit built with a twilight switch, in some cases, requires other components, such as relays or contactors, when you want to control a higher electrical power (lamps, electrical appliances, etc.
that detects the amount of light that illuminates an environment, it triggers an electrical circuit that opens or closes the contacts of a mechanical relay or of a solid state relay.
Generally, the natural lighting that goes directly to a photoresistor is used, with the effect of a lamp that automatically turns on at dusk and always goes out in the first light of dawn.
Thanks to this system, a wide range of examples of use are created, from lighting both public and private spaces to the simulation of presence, where the twilight switch provides the intermittent operation of a circuit.
There are more and more innovative models that allow greater sensitivity to sunlight, with which you can adjust the threshold so that the switch fires at a certain level of darkness, thus setting a delay on and off with respect to the ambient light level.
There are even models that do not turn on artificial light and distinguish it from natural light, although in some cases it may be convenient to combine them with time scheduling systems.
The most commonly used twilight switches are of the electromechanical type, which differ from electronic ones by the use of piloted relays already integrated in the circuit itself, and which allow small loads to be directly connected (for example, a single lamp).
In fact, they can vary from the shape of a lamp holder to that of a separate box (cylindrical, square, etc.
Pay attention to the number of lamps that power the device and its power in watts, following the instructions in the user manual, in order to avoid a dangerous current overload on the contacts of the drive relay, in fact, if higher loads are required, a contactor will need to be inserted.
For street lighting, for example, an individual twilight switch can be used, or a central switch that activates the other remote relays to turn on many lamps, so that the load that the central twilight switch must withstand is only the of the individual coils of the relays in parallel.
The main benefit of using a twilight switch is the considerable energy savings it brings, combined with the convenience of unnecessary time scheduling, which effectively regulates sunlight.
The major downside to doing the installation is that if you place artificial light near a photo-sensitive detector, the switch may not turn on.
The 8 losing teams from the qualifying round will play at the Group I of the corresponding continental zone the following February.
Starring Rajiv Kapoor, Shashi Kapoor, Anju Mahendru, Mandakini, Kulbhushan Kharbanda in leading roles, the film explores a father's unfathomable love for his only daughter and the insensitivity of the mother-in-law to the motherless girl.
When Suman is pregnant, has a baby, but is unlikely to survive, she asks Kumar to take care of her daughter and never marry again.
After the marriage, Ajay refused to move to India due to various reasons which create issues between him, Priya and the rest of the family.
Nordland Fotballkrets, is the governing body for football in the traditional district of Helgeland and Salten, which covers the southern and mid parts of Nordland county.
Serene Watson (born 3 November 2001) is an Australian rules footballer playing for Gold Coast in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW).
She later switched to play for the Bond University and became a dual All-Australian at the under-18 level in 2018 and 2019.
Watson became the first women's player ever drafted by the Gold Coast Suns when she was selected with the 18th pick in the 2019 AFL Women's draft.
The announcement was made to further expand on its investment in the game Minecraft, which Microsoft has bought in 2014 for about $2.5 billion.
The new game MinecraftEdu came equipped with a library of lessons and activities that helped in teaching subjects like STEM, history, language and even art.
The schools, universities and other higher education institutions around the world adopted Minecraft Education Edition, popularly known as M:EE or simply MEE create awareness among the students and to find real-time solutions to the climate crisis water crisis and other life-altering problems in the world.
The South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships is an annual table tennis tournament regarded as a regional championships between juniors and cadets.
It will be held under the management of the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and South East Asian Table Tennis Association (SEATTA).
Vagif Samadoghlu (, 5 June 1939 — 28 January 2015) was an Azerbaijani poet, playwright, publicist, People's Poet of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Then Vakilov worked as a piano teacher at the National Conservatory of Azerbaijan (1963-1971), as the literary director of the movie-actor theater at the Azerbaijanfilm studio named after J. Jabbarly (1982-1985).
Sunnmøre Fotballkrets is the governing body for football in the traditional district of Sunnmøre, which is a part of Møre og Romsdal county.
Sebastian was the great-grandson of Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514), German historian, physician, humanist, and one of the first cartographers to make use of the printing press.
He was also the grandson of Sebastian Schedel (1494 Nuremberg - 1541 Hersbruck) and Barbara Pfinzing (1492 Nuremberg - 1528 Nuremberg), and son of Melchior Schedel (1516 Nuremberg - 1571 Nuremberg).
Founded by George Leaner (June 1, 1917 – September 18, 1983) in 1962, One-derful was one of the few black-owned labels in Chicago until its demise in 1968.
After serving in the army during World War II, Leaner began working at sister's Groove Record Shop and became an assistant to blues producer Lester Melrose in 1946.
That year the Ernie founded a distribution company, United Distributors, which George worked at as a junior partner in the operation.
Leaner created an A&R and production team with songwriter Andre Williams who he met working at United and musician Monk Higgins.
Along with creating the label, there was also a studio, Tone Recordings, in the One-derful building at 1827 S. Michigan Ave. United Distribution, which handled records from not only One-derful but other local and national labels, was located in the building as well.
Despite having some chart success, many of the artists on the label didn't receive royalties and the label struggled to generate profits.
Attempting to capitalize off the Five Du-Tones popularity, a Five Du-Tones Revue Tour was formed which included the Du-Ettes, the Exciters, and Johnny Sayles, but it wasn't financially successful.
Nnamdi Anyaehie (born August 12, 1970 ) is a lawyer and politician who currently serves as the Chief of Staff to the Imo State government in Nigeria.
He had his early education at constitution crescent primary school aba and his secondary education at Ngwa high school Aba, Abia state where he gained outstanding results in WASC exams.
Subsequently, the Nkwere born entrepreneur and politician headed to Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium (V.U.B), where he bagged a Masters of Arts Degree (M.A).
Nnamdi Anyaehie from his days as a little boy had shown interest, passion and capacity in handling cooperate and entrepreneurial matters.
Ipso facto, in the year 2002, the Nkwerre born politician, Business tycoon and Legal luminary began a distinct voyage of discovery through his political peregrination.
In 2009, he was made the chairman of Imo Finance Brokers and in 2012 he became a member of the Governing Board National Youth Service Corps.
In 2013 he was elected to become the Imo State Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party and later he became the Director strategy and finance Imo State All Progressive Congress in 2019.
Nonetheless, in 2019 Chief Nnamdi Anyaehie was appointed a Commissioner representing the South-Eastern part of Nigeria in the National Assembly (Nigeria) Service Commission.
A big influence in his life was his grandmother, Line Geysen (1908-2006), an actress and theatre director, at the time, widow of Lode Geysen who was also theatre director.
Later, he studied graphic design at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) (BFA summa cum laude) and at the National Higher Institute of Fine Arts in Antwerp (MFA).
After fulfilling his military service in the Belgian Army as a film operator and aerial photographer at the School of Light Aviation, in 1980, he started teaching graphic design at Saint Lucas College of Art and Design in Antwerp.
He also designed a lot of television graphics, which were shown to a large audience, specifically, for Panorama, a popular news program on television.
His designs were very successful and both his posters and work for Panorama were shown in several exhibitions, among them the Lode Coen's Graphic Design and Illustration exhibition at the Stedelijke Tekenacademie Menen, in October 1987.
What was key in Lode's work is that he experimented with different techniques: painting, airbrush, photocopy, coloured foils, video, polaroid, etc.
In 1987, Coen started working in the heart of Silicon Valley in Palo Alto, for Hasbro Electronics (later called Isix, Inc.), a video-game ‘experiment’ of the giant toy company, Hasbro.
Lode found another job as art director at HyperPro, a spin-off from Apple, working on a lot of custom software projects that later proved to be pioneering world wide web and internet.
Finally, footage for titles that were shelved in 1988, after the demise of Hasbro Electronics were produced and published again, this time for Sega CD.
As art director he led a team of about 10 people, and managed a multi-million-dollar annual budget, that included, marketing, packaging and advertising of the games.
He taught at the Design Academy in the Netherlands (worked with Anthon Beeke and Li Edelkoort) (1996-2008), The Academy of Fine Arts in Maastricht (1996-2000), the Netherlands, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Belgium (1996-2017) (where he started the multimedia department in 1999) and his former college, St Lucas Antwerp University College of Art & Design (1996-2017).
In parallel, Lode had been teaching many workshops in Finland, at Lahti Institute of Design, Tampere University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University in Helsinki.
As an outlet for his creativity Coen also started painting in 2003, which led in 2006 to a big solo exhibition in Ghent, at Castle Claeys-Bouüart.
In 2010 Coen was selected and appointed Head of Saint Lucas College University of Art & Design, a college of more than 420 students, and about 100 employees, including faculty.
He was fascinated by Chinese culture, especially the characters and calligraphy, which had a profound influence on him as an artist.
His interest in China and learning the Chinese language led to being invited by ACG, Art & Creative Global to give lectures and teach workshops in China in 2016, at 20 top Art & Design Universities in 10 major cities.
: CAFA Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, China Academy of Fine Arts in Shanghai, Chongqing Art Institute, ACG Art Centre in Guangzhou Opera House...
His work was selected for the Traveling Letters International exhibition in Vilnius Lithuania, from December 12, 2019 until January 17, 2020.
Where he is working at Espai Vuit, a small but very artistic co-working space and art gallery in the middle of the Gothic Quarter of Barcelona.
Fire would break out wherever the Huodou went, so the ancients saw it as a sign of fire and often an ominous symbol.
By 1842, the town had a population of over 4,000, with the parish church containing 800 sittings, of which only 108 were available to the poor.
A vestry meeting held in 1846 resolved to erect galleries in the parish church, but the proposal was abandoned in favour of the construction of a chapel of ease.
By this time, a site at South Street had been acquired and a substantial donation of £1,000 received from Mr. William Hoskins of North Perrott.
Mr. Hoskins expressed his desire to provide the poor of the parish with much-needed church accommodation and requested that two-thirds of the new church's seating be free and unappropriated.
The plans for the new church were drawn up by the Crewkerne architect James Mountford Allen and Messrs John Chick of Beaminster hired as the builders.
The foundation stone of the church was laid by Mr. Thomas Hoskins of Haselbury Plucknett on 31 August 1852, and the church was consecrated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
A new organ, built by James Ivimey of Southampton, was dedicated at the church on 13 July 1910 by the Rural Dean, Rev.
Christ Church was declared redundant by the Church of England on 7 August 1969, It was subsequently sold in 1973, demolished in 1975 and replaced with the residential Christchurch Court.
It was made up of a four-bay nave with clerestory, north aisle, chancel, with a vestry on the north side and an organ chapel on the south side, and north porch.
Satheerth Kunneth, better known by his stage name DJ Shadow Dubai, is a Disc jockey, and Record producer currently residing in Dubai.
He came into limelight after his song Slowly Slowly in collaboration with Guru Randhawa and Pitbull (rapper) became popular on youtube with 139+ million views on Youtube.
Shadow began his career at the early age, by Producing Tracks and performing in clubs, and later he started remixing official tracks for different Bollywood artists like Yo Yo Honey Singh, Arijit Singh, Diljit Dosanjh and many others across India which gained him popularity.
The following is a list of animated works as commissioned by Allspark Animation (a subsidiary of American toy company Hasbro; previously credited under Hasbro Studios) as a part of toy line and media franchise, which is a spin-off of the 2010 incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony.
Most of animated media were produced by DHX Studios Vancouver's 2D animation team in Canada, with the exception of , which were produced by Boulder Media in the Republic of Ireland (a company acquired by Hasbro in 2016).
Animated shorts (and, later, certain specials) were released freely worldwide on YouTube through Hasbro's official channels, and previously on the toy line's official website.
As with the toy line, the animations are primarily set in a fictional world parallel to the pony-inhabited fantasy setting of the 2010 incarnation of My Little Pony, accessible via a magic mirror.
Together, with the counterparts of her pony friends, Rainbow Dash, Pinkie Pie, Applejack, Rarity, and Fluttershy, along with her assistant Spike, Twilight will have to deal with the various magical happenings in Canterlot High that originate from the mirror portal.
The first two films were written by Meghan McCarthy and directed by Jayson Thiessen; the third film was written by Josh Haber and directed by Ishi Rudell; the fourth film was written by Kristine Songco and Joanna Lewis, and directed by Ishi Rudell.
In the U.S., these films were screened in Screenvision theaters, without any rating from the MPAA, while in Canada, they were shown in Cineplex theaters, with classifications from provincial film boards.
Internationally, there have been theatrical releases of the films in some areas, but in most cases the films were only shown on television before (or after) it was released on home media.
She wanted to do the same with the film, in this case putting Twilight into a new world where she would again be forced to make new friends to succeed in her quest.
Released in 2013, the film was premiered on June 15 as a part of Los Angeles Film Festival that year, before having limited theatrical releases in the United States and Canada the next day, and was released on home media on August 6.
On February 13, 2014, Meghan McCarthy wrote on Twitter that she had worked on the film during the summer of 2013.
That same day, songwriter Daniel Ingram also wrote on the service that there would be a total of 12 songs in the film; however, only 11 songs were used in the film.
The film had a limited theatrical release from September 27, 2014, before it was out on home media on October 28 that year.
The film was first broadcast on September 26, 2015 on Discovery Family in the U.S. and Family Channel in Canada, and was released on home media on October 13 that year.
In the film, the alternative universe counterpart of Twilight Sparkle, a student at Crystal Prep, is forced by Principal Abacus Cinch to disrupt Friendship Games (a sporting event held every four years with Canterlot High) with magic.
The specials since 2018 are also released freely worldwide on YouTube, after the initial release in the United States, through Hasbro's official channels.
The story follows Sunset Shimmer's discovery that her friends' memories of her have been mysteriously erased; she returns to Equestria and seeks help from Twilight Sparkle to find the cause before the memories vanish for good.
The story follows Rarity's acceptance of a summer job as a costume designer for a new amusement park and the strain that it puts on her friendship with the other girls, particularly Applejack.
In this special, the girls take a luxury cruise for spring break, but wayward magic imperils the passengers and forces Sunset Shimmer, and the parallel universe counterpart of Twilight Sparkle and Rainbow Dash to visit Equestria for help from Ponyville's Twilight Sparkle.
It follows Sunset Shimmer as she attends a music festival along with other protagonists but finds herself stuck in a time loop.
Presented in an omnibus manner, the special follows the protagonists who prepare for, and enjoy, the parallel universe's equivalent of Christmas and holiday season.
A plan to release a series of Equestria Girls animated shorts online sometime in 2018 was first mentioned at Hasbro's 2017 Investor Day event held in August that year.
Pioneer Football League is serving a greater interest for the country's football as it produces future stars of Bangladesh football .
Then the top two teams of each zone and the best four third placed teams are selected to play in the ‘Super League’ phase of the Pioneer Football League.
The top 20 teams are divided into 4 groups of 5 and the top teams of each group qualify to play in the semi-finals.
The 2005–06 Midland Football Combination season was the 69th in the history of Midland Football Combination, a football competition in England.
The Boxset includes the original Japanese films Ringu, Ringu 2, the prequel Ringu 0 and the ignored sequel Rasen as a bonus feature on the Ringu 2 movie disc.
Odette Jasse (August 21, 1899 – January 9, 1949) was a French astronomer who spent most of her career as administrator at the Marseille Observatory.
The other listed buildings include a church and items in the churchyard, two bridges, a former lime kiln, and a obelisk and memorial.
The 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders.
Steven Misa (born on 8 April 1995 in New Zealand) is an New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
Theo Strang (born on 21 May 1997 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby.
District 2 of Tehran Municipality(Persian:شهرداری منطقه ۲ تهران, also romanized as Mantaqe ye Dow), is one of 22 municipality districts of Tehran, which is located in Northeast of Azadi Sq.
It stretches from West to Northwest and Azadi St. to South, to AshrafiEsfahani Highway and Mohamamd Ali Jenah Expressway to West, and Chamran Highway to East.
In summer 2018, he joined Turkish Cypriot KTFF Süper Lig side Gençler Birliği S.K.. Eyerakpo left the club in January 2019 as a free agent.
The company is also involved in the food industry, managing the Philippine operations of Japanese chains Miasen, St. Marc Cafe, and Pablo (a cheese tart store chain), as well as Patchi, and Bench Cafe which was named after its flagship brand.
Korte has assembled the libretto from various thespian original texts of the Renaissance as well as from some sound recordings of the 20th century.
Titans of Creation is the upcoming thirteenth studio album by American thrash metal band Testament, due for release on April 3, 2020.
It's a great record now, but I don't wanna go through what I had to go through to do this again.
I would imagine, if that stuff happens, then things will get pushed back a little bit, but the initial plan is to have it out in 2019.
A month later, Billy announced on social media that work on the new album had started, and pre-production began in May.
In an interview at a Metal Allegiance concert in Anaheim on January 16, 2020, Billy revealed that the then-still-untitled album will be released on April 3.
Jules Antoine Adolphe Henri Putzeys (1 May 1809 - 2 January 1882) was a Belgian magistrate and an entomologist who took a special interest in the beetles belonging to the family Carabidae.
He was a member of the Commission Centrale de Statistique and was government commissioner for general and international statistics from 1879.
This is a list of operational hydroelectric power stations in the United States with a current nameplate capacity of at least 100 MW.
Power stations are sorted by nameplate capacity, but can be sorted by other criteria by clicking on the header of each table column.
The Hoover Dam in Arizona and Nevada was the first hydroelectric power station in the United States to have a capacity of at least 1,000 MW upon completion in 1936.
Since then numerous other hydroelectric power stations have surpassed the 1,000 MW threshold, most often through the expansion of existing hydroelectric facilities.
All but two states of the United States are home to at least one hydroelectric power station, those without being Delaware and Mississippi.
Burgoyne was the class lead for a set of four locomotives built by the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR) in their own Grand Canal Street works from 1845.
Following the death of Richard Pim in August 1843 James Rawlins, a foreman at Grand Canal Street took position of locomotive superintendent.
The D&KR were essentially happy with basic tank locomotives, but sent Rawlins to England to become acquainted with the latest developments in locomotive development before embarking on the stronger design.
Gayane Yeganyan is the first to carry out research on pedagogical diagnostics in Armenian, as a result of which she has published 21 scientific articles.
She pursued her master's degree in pedagogical diagnostics, pedagogical validity, pedagogy of higher and vocational schools, pedagogical research methodology, and pedagogical anthropology.
Gayane Yeganyan in 2003–2008 she was a student in the Faculty of Primary and Special Education of ASPU after Khachadour Abovyan.
Then, in 2009–2014, she was an applicant at the Department of Vocational Education and Applied Pedagogy (formerly Inter-Departmental) at the same University, after which she defended her PhD in 2015 and became a PhD in Pedagogical Sciences.
The training was organized by the Center for Professional Qualification and Inter-University Cooperation and the Chair of Vocational Education and Applied Pedagogy.
The 1992 Volvo San Francisco was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, California in the United States and was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour.
The Ruisseau du Lac au Lard stream is a tributary of the west bank of the Jeannotte River, flowing in the western hydrographic slope of the Batiscan River, in the territory of the city of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.
This hydrographic slope is served by the forest road R040, a bridge spanning the Lac au Lard stream, near its mouth.
The surface of the Lac au Lard stream (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
This forest lake is mainly fed to the northwest by the discharge of a set of lakes including Lac de la Grosse Roche and by the Doucet River (coming from the south).
The mouth of this lake is located North-West of the mouth of the confluence of the Jeannotte River with the Batiscan river.
From the mouth of Lac au Lard, the Lac au Lard stream flows for north-east, up to the confluence of the river.
From the mouth, the current descends on to the south then east the course of the Jeannotte river, and on the course of the river Batiscan towards the south which pours on the northwest bank of the St. Lawrence River.
With the emergence of Cancer as a growing threat to Public health, the Indian Government, through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, initiated the National Cancer Control Program (NCCP) in 1975.
Initially, the focus of the program was prevention as its aim was to educate the population and make detection and diagnosis resources available.
Another goal for the program was to increase capacity in the structures already dealing with cancer and address the short fallings of palliative care.
The program was subsequently revised between 1984 and 1985 to better set it up for success in its goal of reducing cancer morbidity and mortality in the country, mainly through primary prevention and early detection.
Since its creation, the program has had many major accomplishments such as the establishment of the National Cancer Registry Programme in 1982.
Even though the registry does not cover the whole population affected by cancer, it gives the most updated information on the burden of cancer in the country and informs policies enacted to fight against cancer such as provisions for additional funding to public hospitals and the creation of cancer centres in 27 regions.
Through the National Cancer Control Programme, the country was able to put in place effective policies to foster primary prevention such as a tobacco control policy to minimise the negative impacts from the use of tobacco.
The country also disposes of policies to control and prevent obesity and alcohol abuse, and policies to foster physical activity and ensure that is available for everyone.
The NCCP led to the creation of 27 cancer centres across the country, and 85 additional oncology programs in medical schools.
Problems of access are due to lack of financial means to afford the resources that are available or the lack of financial to make the decisions that would reduce the risks of developing the disease.
Availability is a major problem particularly in rural areas because the resources are concentrated in cities and solving the geographical gap between resources such as facilities and personal remains a challenge for the NCCP.
This small species of wrasee, with a standard length of up to , which is common on rocky reefs, in waters no deeper than .
In 1940, the team moved from Cluj to Sibiu as a result of the Second Vienna Award, when the northern part of Transylvania was ceded to Hungary.
During that period he participated at a game played in Ploiești, which was postponed for one day because of a fog caused by the bombing of Ploiești by the United States Army Air Forces.
While playing for Armata Cluj, in May 1953 after one game the team coach Elemer Hirsch collapsed on his way to the team bus, Szoboszlay tried to give him first aid but Hirsch died in his arms.
Between 1976 and 1985 he was the coordinator of the Center for Children and Juniors at Universitatea Cluj where he taught and formed generations of players, which include Remus Câmpeanu, Emil Petru, Vasile Suciu, Septimiu Câmpeanu, Alpar Meszaros, Zsolt Muzsnay, Ioan Sabău and Tiberiu Bălan.
She was a romantic novelist who wrote both under her own name and as Mrs Sidney Coxon after she married c 1903.
At least one of her novels was turned into a film, the silent film Fifth Avenue Models in 1925 starring Mary Philbin, Norman Kerry and Josef Swickard.
It is near to Remedy Hospital, Chennai shopping mall, Usha Mullapudi arch, Vishwanath Theatre, TSRTC Bus stop, Apollo Hospital and KPHB Colony.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict c 145), sometimes referred to as the Lord Cranworth's Act 1860, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The Act sought to formalise and regularise various provisions commonly included by chancery lawyers of the day in mortgages, wills and other settlements.
He performs Needlescopic Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery with GI Oncology and Bariatric surgeries propagating Keyhole Laparoscopic technique which is relatively painless scar-free as compered to conventional surgery..
The Rivière à la Tortue (English: Turtle River) flows east, in the municipalities of Hérouxville, Saint-Séverin (Mékinac) and Saint-Stanislas, in the MRC Mékinac Regional County Municipality and Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality, in Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.
Finally, the river flows into the Rivière des Envies in Saint-Stanislas, near the current bridge of the route 159, at 3, 5 km from the mouth of the Envies river.
The Turtle River sub-basin is located between that of Rivière des Envies (to the northeast) and that of River des Chutes (to the southeast ).
The distance in a direct line, between its source and its mouth, is 14 km (or 20.4 km following the course of the river).
The 2007–08 Liga IV was the 66th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off match played on a neutral venue.
A regency seat may occupy an entire district (such as Sigli in Pidie Regency), a part of district (such as Sarilamak in Harau district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency), or several districts (such as Ungaran, which consists of West Ungaran district and East Ungaran district in Semarang Regency).
Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Hj Zulkifli Bin Hj Buang is a Malaysian Air Force General who serves as the 21st Chief of Defence Forces.
He finished his early education at his hometown, and completed his education at the Royal Military College, at Sungai Besi, until he finished his Malaysian Certificate of Examination in 1979.
He joined the Malaysian Armed Forces in 1980 as an RMAF Officer Cadet, and received his basic training at the Officer Cadet School, Sebatang Kara, at Port Dickson.
He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1982, and was assigned to No 3 Flying Training Centre at Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport in Kuantan.
He attended various courses and seminars in the country and abroad, such as the Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College in 1997, the Defences and Strategic Studies Course at the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies at Australia in 2005, and the Royal College of Defence Studies at London in 2011.
A trained and skilled fighter pilot, he flew various aircraft including the Aermacchi MB-339, the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, and the Mikoyan MiG-29, and performed various air support and interdiction missions.
He rose through the ranks until he was promoted as the Director General for Operations and Exercises, RMAF Air Operations Command in 2014, became the Deputy Chief of the Air Force in 2015, became the Chief of Air Force in 2016-2020, and became the Chief of Defence Forces in January 2, 2020.
The company is headquartered in Bangalore and has offices spanning across 13 cities including Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi NCR, Pune, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad.
The idea for the product sprung out of security concerns when Arisetty observed that growing influx of delivery people and cab drivers at gated premises was increasing the potential for security lapses.
MyGate has partnered with online food delivery apps including Swiggy, Zomato, FreshMenu, Dunzo, Box 8 and eat.fit to provide a silent and secure delivery experience for their users.
In 2019, MyGate secured Series B round of funding of $56 million from Tiger Global Management, Tencent Holdings,  Prime Venture Partners and JS Capital.
He is the son of Zhang Qingxin, a former manager of a foreign trade enterprise, and has been a board member of some his son's companies.
In March 2017, his Hong Kong-listed company C C Land bought London's Leadenhall Building from British Land and Oxford Properties (50/50 owners) for £1.15 billion.
In January 2020, Cheung was in the process of buying 2–8a Rutland Gate a 45-room 62,000 sq ft mansion overlooking Hyde Park, London from Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud for £205-210 million, which would make it easily the most expensive house ever sold in the UK.
It is not yet known if Cheung intends to keep it as a single house or convert it into apartments, which might make increase the property's value to as much as £700 million, according to a spokeman for Cheung.
Captain Tania Shergill is the first Indian woman Parade Adjutant to lead an all-man contingent at an Army Day function in Indian Army.
Norma Michaels (c. 1924/1925 – January 11, 2020) was an American television and film character actress, with a career spanning six decades from her debut in 1954 until 2018.
Bhimappa Gundappa Gadad is an RTI(Right To Information) activist and a small agriculturist who hails from Mudalgi town of Gokak taluk in Belgaum district.
He has been a Whistleblower in many cases such as uncovering the amount of money spent on Prime minister Narendra Modi's foreign visits and also he exposed the arrears owed by politicians to government due to their over stay at government Bungalow as well as he was instrumental in making Karnataka Government admit that Yellur, Belgaum belongs to Karnataka.
He contested 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election from Janata Dal (Secular) from Arabhavi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) and was defeated against Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Balachandra Jarkiholi with a margin of 47,328 votes.
It has an archaeological site, the ancient site of Chakradhar where cultural sequences were stratified, from the Neolithic to the Indo-Greek and Kushan periods.
It is thought that the Indo-Greeks introduced their artistic styles into the area as they moved eastward from the area of Gandhara into South Kashmir.
The stratigraphy does not permit a precise dating of these statuettes, and the date has been broadly defined as probably pertaining to the period from the 2nd half of the 1st century BCE to the 1st or 2nd century CE, in effect covering the end of the Indo-Greek period to the early Kushan period.
A small independent cinema of Northern Mariana Islands, producing mostly documentary films, developed in the 21st century thanks to the efforts of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and of the Northern Marianas College.
On November 14, 2002, Bill PL 13-29 entered into force, which resulted in a new § 2151 of the Commonwealth Code.
It established within the Marianas Visitors Authority (MVA), a Commonwealth Film, Video and Media Office, also known as the Northern Mariana Islands Film Office.
First, it should attract foreign companies to produce movies in the Commonwealth through publicity, participation of the Film Manager and other officers in international cinema trade shows, and the improvement of the infrastructures in the islands.
The Commonwealth has placed high hopes on the ability of the Northern Marianas College to train local filmmakers through courses on cinematography.
In 2000, Butch Wolf, a professional American sound effect editor who lived in Saipan, cooperated with the college to create the Pacific Rim Academy, aimed at teaching local students the fundamentals of film-making.
In 2001, the Pacific Rim Academy ended its partnership with the Northern Marianas College and continued as a private for-profit company under the name Talk Story Studios, which specialized in producing commercials.
Galvin Deleon Guerrero, a teacher at Norther Marianas College and the principal of Saipan's Mount Carmel School, continued to work with students independently of Talk Story Studio.
The film was shot in Ladder Beach and American Memorial Park in Saipan and the actors were students, or former students, of Guerrero's cinematography courses.
However, the crew, extras, and some actors were from Saipan, and the Commonwealth supported the production, which was also helped by local citizens who participated in its crowdfunding.
Located at 10 Glasovsky Lane, it was one of the first houses in Moscow built in the Style Moderne, the Russian term for Art Nouveau.
Kekushev had originally designed and built the house as his own home, but sold it in 1900 to Otto Adolfovich List, a Russian industrialist of German ancestry.
Sometime after 1910, the house was purchased by Serge Koussevitzky and his wife , and it was frequently used for concerts and musical events.
Many notable musicians and artists came to the house, including Claude Debussy, Sergei Rachmaninov, Alexander Glazunov, Sergei Prokofiev, Feodor Chaliapin, and the writer Boris Pasternak.
Kekushev was familiar with the Art Nouveau houses work of Victor Horta in Brussels, such as the Hotel Tassel, and the facade of List House shows a similar treatment of volume, and the use of a highly decorated staircase as a central element.
Over the decades and many different owners, much of the original interior decoration has disappeared, but restoration of the grand stairway and other features has been undertaken since the 1990s.
Born in 1902 to 8th grade in the Nilgiris district of Uttamakandalam, Ooty,India, he was born and raised in the backward community He was an agro-businessman and died in 1975.
He served in the Congress Party from 1936 to 1956 and continued to serve as Ooty Town Congress, Nilagiri District Congress Secretary and Nilagiri District Congress President.
When Subhash Chandra Bose announced the Jai Hind slogan in 1942, the slogan of white Hindus, he named his son Jaihinda at a time when people were scared.
When Tyagi Saravanam visited Mahatma Gandhi's Nilgiris district in 1934, he was proud to organize a meeting with the majority of his people to come to the Kodambakkam.There, the Pillaiyar temple built by his community members was opened.
He was also involved in the Congress bargaining of relatives.Fearing his active involvement, the white supremacists arrested him and landed him in a jungle inhabited by wild animals, 50 miles from Ooty where he escaped,After independence Kamaraj refused to accept the MLC post due to family circumstances.He was later appointed as a member of the Most Aboriginal Welfare Committee.
Kamaraj led Congress is still in the fray when he was approached by Indira Congress as the district leader when the Congress barrage broke during the Indira Gandhi period.
He headed and co-operated the Nilgiris District Laundry Workers Union.Emergency brought to life by Indira Gandhi was shocked after Kamaraj's death and passed away on December 7, 1975.
Motiș fortified church ( German Mortesdorf , Hungarian Mártontelke) is a historic Lutheran church in the village of Motis (also known as Motișdorf, Motișul, Märtesdorf, Mertesdorf, Martonelke) in the Sibiu district in Transylvania, Romania that was historically home to a large Transylvanian Saxon (German) population..
Mortesdorf's church castle is a historic, listed-building, which is a late Gothic hall church first mentioned in the records in 1497 just prior to the Protestant Reformation when it became a Lutheran church.
The building received a large renovation in 1718 and contains a baroque altar, built in 1791 showing Jesus with John the Apostle and Mary, mother of Jesus and pairs of columns featuring the apostles, Paul the Apostle with the sword of faith, and Peter (with a broken hand), and a top picture represents the Resurrection of Jesus with the eye of God above it.
From 1953 to 1958 he studied art and stage-design with Professor Kamilo Tompa, at the Academy of Dramatic Arts in Zagreb.
His early work in graphic design (1958) was awarded and is part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Zagreb and presently included in the European Union digital platforms for European cultural heritage.
From 1970 until 1987 he worked as a TV production designer at the Television Zagreb as well as at OZEHA (Croatian Advertising Institute).
Fascinated with Mount Fuji, Ljahnicky made a series of paintings and triptychs, intended as an Homage to Mount Fuji, and presented them at his solo exhibition at Tenri Cultural Institute in New York City in 2019.
Wilhelm Ludwig Petermann (3 November 1806 Leipzig - 27 January 1855 Hanover), was a German botanist and agrostologist, professor of philosophy and botany, and curator of the Herbarium at the University of Leipzig.
He won three medals at the Commonwealth Games: in 2010 he won the silver medal in the men's 55 kg event and he repeated this in 2014 with the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event.
He won the gold medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2014 African Wrestling Championships and the silver medal in that event at the 2016 African Wrestling Championships.
The Telstra National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award currently features seven main categories, the Telstra Award Winner, Telstra General Painting Award, Telstra Work On Paper Award, Telstra Bark Painting Award, Wandjuk Marika 3D Memorial Award (sponsored by Telstra), the Telstra Emerging Artist Award and the Telstra People's Choice Award.
First awarded in 1985, then not awarded again until 1995 when it was called the Telstra Open Painting until 2000, when the name was changes to the Telstra General Painting Award.
The Day Adam Got Mad, also Goran’s Great Escape (original title: Småländsk tjurfäktare, also När Adam Engelbrekt blev tvärarg or Kalle - den lille tjurfäktaren) is a children's book written by Astrid Lindgren.
But the boy's tender, loving voice is so tempting and beguiling so that Adam Engelbrecht allows the boy to gently pet him.
The son of the bull Adam Engelbrecht, who shares Adam Engelbrecht's name, lives on the farm along with the twins Barbro and Kerstin.
Bhaskar Ghose is a retired Indian Civil Servant, former Secretary, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 1993-1995, and a former Director General of Doordarshan 1986-1988.
He represented England and won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
This is a list of seasons played by Stabæk Fotball in Norwegian and European football from 1987 to the most recent completed season.
Rated a four star recruit, Carter originally committed to play college basketball at Dayton but re-opened his recruitment after Archie Miller left to become the head coach at Indiana.
He averaged 8.1 points and 2.4 rebounds per game and scored at least ten points in 15 games as a key reserve in his sophomore season.
Siegershausen railway station () is a railway station in the village of Siegershausen, within the municipality of Kemmental, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau.
Dr. Alexey Vikhlinin (born September 17, 1970) is a Russian-American astrophysicist notable for achievements in the astrophysics of high energy phenomenon, namely galaxy cluster cosmology and the design of space-based X-ray observatories.
He is currently a Senior Astrophysicist and Deputy Associate Director of the High Energy Astrophysics Division at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Vikhlinin is the author of more than 200 refereed publications, including several highly-cited papers in the field of galaxy cluster cosmology.
Born in Ryazan, Russia on September 17, 1970, Vikhlinin was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, graduating in 1993 with a degree in Space Physics.
He received his Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from the Russian Institute for Space Research in 1995, and a Doctor of Sciences from the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2003.
He joined the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) initially as a Postdoctoral Fellow in 1996, later becoming an Astrophysicist at the Chandra X-ray Center (also part of SAO) and then a Senior Astrophysicist and Deputy Associate Director of SAO's High Energy Astrophysics Division in 2013.
The South Africa team was invited to the event and their team of Hugh Baiocchi and Dale Hayes took part in practice and pro-am competition, but was informed by the Greece government shortly before the beginning of competition, they were not allowed to start.
The United States team of John Mahaffey and Hale Irwin won by ten strokes over the Scotland team of Ken Brown and Sandy Lyle.
The individual competition for the International Trophy was won by Irwin two strokes ahead of Bernhard Langer, West Germany and Lyle, Scotland.
In 2006, it merged with the Hotel, Catering and Personal Services Union and the Commerce and Transport Union, to form Vida.
The donkey in Tunisia is historically a working animal which has existed in Carthage since the Antiquity, and had by the end of the 19th century become widespread.
It is used for a number of domestic tasks, linked to travelling, the transportation of water, and to agriculture, more specifically, to the cultivation and pressing of olives.
The introduction of motorised vehicles considerably reduced their numbers, as their population fell by over half between 1996 and 2006, with a population of 123,000 recorded in 2006.
The consumption of donkey meat has always been controversial, and it is considered makruh to consume domesticated donkey meat in Islamic tradition.
l'Association pour la culture et les arts méditerranéens (ACAM) claimed in 2010 that the donkey is under threat of extinction in Tunisia.
Whatever its exact origins, the donkey was domesticated in Africa, the oldest proof of its use going back to the culture of Maadi-Bouto, in Egypt,in the 4th Millennium B.C...
The history of the donkey in Africa is notoriously difficult to study as, although the species was widely used, very little was written about it, no plans for the development nor for the improvement of the species were developed, and very few archaeological remnants are left.
Donkeys have been represented in cave paintings in areas of the Sahara since the earliest period of Antiquity, notably in Libya and Morocco.
For every sixty hectares of olive groves four donkeys were needed, three to bring manure to the soil, and one to power the oil mill.
Donkey remains have been found in Carthage which date back to between the first and fourth century, which are among the oldest archaeological proofs of the existence of donkeys in the Maghreb.
The consumption of donkey meat, would have, in all likelihood, been prohibited in Islam, to the extent that Muslims, as well as practising Christians in Tunisia, probably ate very little of it.
Ibn Battûta (1304-1377), who comes from what is now known as Morocco, noted his disgust at the fact that donkey meat was consumed in the Mali Empire.
However, at the start of the 16th Century, donkey meat was likely to have been eaten by the nomadic Berbers of Mauritania.
According to a 1887 description provided by the naturalist Jean-Marie de Lanessan, there were a very large number of donkeys:The population of the donkey in Tunisia reached its peak at the end of the 19th century, with various colonial sources reporting a population of 800,000.
The animal could be spotted in particular in the mountainous regions of the north-west, the centre and the south of the country, where the ground is less fertile.
The French protectorate were interested in rearing mules to supply to the army and sending French breeds of jacks, notably Pyrenean, Catalan and Savoyard breeds to stations in various breeding centres.
The Catalan donkey is known to be able to easily adapt to the Tunisian climate, in contrast with the Baudet du Poitou.
However, the donkey population saw a large increase between 1966 and 1996, growing from an estimated 163 000 to around 230 000.
In the 1990s, the remote locations of some schools and a lack of public transport made the usage of donkeys, either for pulling carriages or for carrying pupils on their backs, an indispensable tool for ensuring school attendance.
In small Tunisian family farms, such as the famous example of Sidi Abid (2002), familles preferred to purchase a donkey rather than a mule or a horse because the donkey is guaranteed to help with peasant work.
However, the rural species has undergone noticeable changes since the 1990s as the transition from nomadism to sedentism led to the gradual disappearance of donkeys and mules as they were replaced by motorised vehicles.
In addition to this, an epizootic of equine influenza hit the country in 1998, particularly in the Tozeur region, starting from the end of the month of January, whose spread affected horses, mules and donkeys equally.
The donkey still plays a major role in domains such as transport for minor agricultural work, as well as in ground work.
Well-drilling zones can be up to several kilometres away from inhabited areas and transporting water is achieved either by a tank wagon made from tinplate supported by two wheels, or via amphora urns (or more recently, via plastic water containers) which are filled up and brought back by women on the backs of donkeys.
The donkey is used less and less frequently in rural areas, reserved only for tasks such as gathering olives, with cars being used for day-to-day transport.
In Toujane, the traditional oil mill was previously run with the use of donkeys or with small dromedaries which were able to set in motion a stone base weighing approximately 150kg.
The roads in the Tunisian Great South (2004) can vary dramatically and all types of vehicles run along them, such as bicycles, Mobylettes, cars, share taxis and donkey wagons.
As of 2011, it was still possible to see older women travel on the back of a donkey in the village of Tamezret.
As of 2014, L'École supérieure des industries alimentaires de Tunis has been looking to promote the production and consumption of donkey milk, but its need to be refrigerated in order to preserve it poses a major problem.
Consumption of donkey meat is controversial; the majority of Tunisians claim to never eat it, but the rising prices of red meat (particularly in 2012 and 2013) probably encouraged a large number of people to consume it, especially in the month of Ramadan, which sees a sharp rise in the price of meat.
According to comments made in 2017 by Mohamed Rabhi, the director for the protection of health in the Tunisian Ministry for Public Health, the sale of donkey meat in Tunisia is perfectly legal.
However, the actual number of donkeys killed per year is believed to be around 30,000, most often to be sold fraudulently, mainly to produce merguez or shawarma : due to the infrequency of checks it is impossible to find out exactly where this fraudulent meat is sold.
The donkey holds very negative cultural connotations, its name serving as the equivalent to an animal epithet to call someone stupid or indecisive.
The story interlaces scenes from the war, in which Barb and the gunner Axis bomb a high school and escape from an enemy aircraft, with recollections of Barb's previous life as a woman, and reflections about her altered sexuality: The acts of flying, of controlled violence, are now also sexual acts between Barb and Axis.
The phrase originated as part of a copypasta text posted in 2014 on the Internet forum Reddit, and spread to other fora such as 4chan, where it was used (peaking in 2015) to mock transgender people.
These readers objected to the use of an offensive meme as the title, and suspected that the story agreed with the meme's transphobia, or was an exercise in trolling.
And granted that marginalized creators end up held to a higher standard than others, which is shit, but… that’s bc we know what that harm feels like.
Francisco Jose F. Matugas II, also known as Bingo Matugas, is a Filipino politician from the first district of the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines.
Hassan Bility (born 20 June 1969 in Yekepa, Nimba County) is a Liberian journalist, and the founder and Director of the Global Justice and Research Project (GJRP), a non-governmental organization dedicated to the documentation of war time atrocities in Liberia and to assisting victims in their pursuit of justice for these crimes.
He later testified in several trials, including the so-called ‘RUF trial’ of three former members of the Revolutionary United Front, as well as the trial of Charles Taylor, at the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL); the trial of Charles McArthur Emmanuel, commonly known as Chuckie Taylor, in the USA; and the trial of Guus Kouwenhoven in the Netherlands.
At the same time, he was engaged as Coordinator of the London-based International Alert peace-building program, through the Press Union of Liberia, and served as Press Officer of the European Union (EU) Liberian office in Monrovia under Ambassador Brian O’Neal.
In 2004, he became Director of Communication at the International Institute for Justice and Development (IIJD), based in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Since 2006, Bility has been working on the documentation of war-time crimes in Liberia in order assist in multiple investigations against alleged war criminals.
●     Thomas Woewiyu, co-founder and former spokesperson of the NPFL, and for several years Charles Taylor’s Defence Minister (2018, the USA).
The ring was part of a tradition of stone circle construction that spread throughout much of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, over a period between 3300 and 900 BCE.
The purpose of such monuments is unknown, although some archaeologists speculate that the stones represented supernatural entities for the circle's builders.
He recorded the circle as consisting of eight stones at that time, with a possible avenue or stone row emerging from it and facing in the direction of the circle at Coate.
Later archaeologists have noted that some of the sarsens used as building material in Hodson were once part of the circle.
While the transition from the Early Neolithic to the Late Neolithic in the fourth and third millennia BCE saw much economic and technological continuity, there was a considerable change in the style of monuments erected, particularly in what is now southern and eastern England.
By 3000 BCE, the long barrows, causewayed enclosures, and cursuses that had predominated in the Early Neolithic were no longer built, and had been replaced by circular monuments of various kinds.
Stone circles are found in most areas of Britain where stone is available, with the exception of the island's south-eastern corner.
The tradition of their construction may have lasted for 2,400 years, from 3300 to 900 BCE, with the major phase of building taking place between 3000 and 1,300 BCE.
The archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson argues that in Neolithic Britain, stone was associated with the dead, and wood with the living.
In the area south of Swindon, a town in northern Wiltshire, at least seven stone circles are reported as having existed, often only a few miles distant from one another; the Fir Clump Stone Circle was for instance a mile south of the Broome Stone Circle.
All of these northern Wiltshire circles have been destroyed, although the vestiges of one survives: the stones at the Day House Lane Stone Circle in Coate, Swindon remain, albeit in a fallen state.
Passmore also produced two notebooks during that decade in which he wrote down observations deriving from his archaeological fieldwork in the region.
The contents of Passmore's notebooks and their references to the Fir Clump Stone Circle were not published until 2004, after they had been purchased by the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.
He also discovered three stones inside the circle, suggesting that these may have been part of an inner circle—in which case the Hodson Stone Circle would have consisted of two concentric rings, akin to the Day House Lane Stone Circle.
Alternatively, he suggested that the stones inside the circle may simply have been dumped there by farmers wanting them out of the way.
Here, he also suggested that the circle was about 250 feet (76m) in diameter, and was thus of a similar size to the Day House Lane Stone Circle.
Ficus sagittata is a trailing fig species, in the family Moraceae, which can be found in southern China, Indo-China and Malesia.
M. Jayachandran is a film score composer, singer, and musician in Indian filmsHe has won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director for a record number of seven times In 2005, he also won the state award for best male singer.
The Ghost of Skinny Jack (original title: Skinn Skerping – Hemskast av alla spöken i Småland) is a children's book written by Astrid Lindgren.
He stayed in church for about a hundred years and nobody dared to get close to him, until a maid came to the town who was not afraid of anything.
A rich man wanted to know if the maid was actually as brave as she said and offered her five crowns to bring Skinny Jack to him.
When the siblings have finished listening to the story of Skinny Jack, their grandmother gives the boy a guitar and the girl a bag with magazines.
After Ida Ingström had told her grandchildren the story, she gave Gunnar Ericsson a guitar and Astrid Lindgren a thick book.
The Hotels, Catering and Personal Services Union (, HGPD) was a trade union representing workers in the hospitality industry in Austria.
Cristian Patino (born 3 July 1980 in Argentina) is an Argentinean retired footballer who is last known to have played for Algeciras CF in Spain.
Late Nite Tuff Guy (aka Carmelo Bianchetti, HMC) is a South Australian DJ and electronic music producer, best known for his disco re-edits including some official work for the Salsoul label.
The Last Man is a 2018 Canadian science fiction film directed by Rodrigo H. Vila and starring Hayden Christensen and Harvey Keitel.
Ina Grace Tabor (24 March 1874, Cuba, New York – 15 October 1971) was an American landscape architect, designer, writer, and editor.
She studied at the Arts Students League and the New York School of Applied Design for Women both in New York.
Because of this professional background the National War Garden Commission sent her on a promotional lecture tour during World War I in the interest of food production in War Gardens.
After World War I she was made chairman of the Agricultural Section of Miss Anne Morgan's Committee for devastated France and served in this capacity during the Committee's existence.
She also contributed significantly to the magazine House and Garden, writing a monthly garden column and in-depth advanced articles on gardening.
He won the gold medal in the men's 97 kg event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia.
Born in Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia, Schmidt-Gaden studied conducting with Kurt Eichhorn in Munich, choral conducting with Kurt Thomas in Leipzig, and singing with Helge Rosvaenge, Otto Iro and Mario Tonelli.
His musical development was particularly influenced by his longstanding collaboration with Nikolaus Harnoncourt, with the Tölzer Knabenchor performing in Harnoncourt's first recordings of Bach's works in historically informed performance.
The writer , who sang in the Tölzer Knabenchor from 1988 to 1994, reported in 2017 retrospectively about mental abuse by Schmidt-Gaden up to the singing of a mocking song on the then overweight Kloeble during a bus ride of the choir.
He took farewell from the Tölzer Knabenchor with a concert of four motets by Bach at the Stadtpfarrkirche in Bad Tölz in January 2016, opening the year of celebrating the choir's 60th anniversary.
Seedland Group () is a fully-integrated real estate enterprise, headquartered in Guangzhou, providing new types of realty developments categorized as smart living solutions.
It has built Smart Life System (SLS) since 2018, helping to set up information flow incorporating the data through a membership system.
While the union recruits across the metal, mining, energy, textiles, leather, agriculture, food processing and tobacco sectors, it also recruits temporary workers in any sector.
The union is affiliated to the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations, and the IndustriALL Global Union.
It has only two ovules (one of which aborts) in each ovary, and its seeds have low rounded protuberances on the ventral surface, whereas all other New Zealand native species have seeds with a networked ventral surface.
It is found only at the higher elevations of the Auckland Islands where it grows in marshy places, on bare wind-blown areas and in rocky places.
Bernardino Buratti or Buratto (1574–1628) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Manfredonia (1623–1628) and Bishop of Vulturara e Montecorvino (1615–1623).
On 5 Apr 1615, he was consecrated bishop by Metello Bichi, Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Alessio, with Ulpiano Volpi, Archbishop of Chieti, and Leonardo Roselli, Bishop Emeritus of Vulturara e Montecorvino, serving as co-consecrators.
Chocolat's is a Belgian disco-latino group which made 12 albums between 1975 and 1981, and sold more than 6 million records.
Chocolat's was formed in 1975 by Marcel de Keukeleire and Jean Van Loo, both active in the music business in Mouscron, Belgium.Vanloo had first organised concerts featuring artists such as Jimi Hendrix to Mouscron, and De Keukeleire owned a record shop.
Jessica Cooper Lewis (born April 3, 1993) is a Bermudian Paralympic athlete who competes in mainly 400 metres and 800 metres events.
She has competed in three Parapan American Games in which she has won four medals and two Paralympic Games where she was the first ever Paralympic athlete from Bermuda to compete in the Games when she made her debut appearance in 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Hiawatha LRT Trail is a , multi-use bicycle path adjacent to a light-rail transit line in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, that is popular with bicycle commuters.
Users travel along the Metro Blue Line and Hiawatha Avenue transit corridor, reaching downtown Minneapolis near an indoor sports stadium at the trail’s northern end, and reaching a bridge above Minnehaha Creek at the trail’s southern end.
Picking up the trail at its northern terminus, after one city block, the trail mostly follows alongside the Metro Blue Line route diagonally southward, running on the east side of the train tracks.
The mixed-use path remains on the east side of Hiawatha Avenue, where prior to 2019 there was a gap in the trail, while the train crosses a rail-only bridge near East 28th Street.
After the Midtown Greenway area, mixed-use trail users heading southward stay east of Hiawatha Avenue on the newest trail segment until East 32nd Avenue.
From there, trail users must cross Hiawatha Avenue, picking up the Hiawatha LRT Trail as it rejoins the Metro Blue Line.
At East 46th Avenue, the trail crosses the light-rail tracks westward, then diverges from the transit way to traverse alongside Minnehaha Creek before reaching a bridge at East Minnehaha Parkway near Minnehaha Regional Park.
The transit way opened in 2004 with a mixed-use path running alongside the Hiawatha light-rail transit (LRT) line for most of its route.
The city’s first master bike plan in 2011 identified many opportunities for improvement to the Hiawatha LRT Trail, such as establishment of linear parkways, more bicycle racks, greater connectivity in the Cedar-Riverside area, and better lightning.
Public comments for an update to the plan in 2014 identified the need for greater trail inter connectivity and protected intersection crossings.
Bike-mounted safety volunteers of the organization patrol Hiawatha LRT Trail and Midtown Greenway, reporting suspicious behavior to the city and cleaning up the trails.
In 2018, Minneapolis opened Samatar Crossing, named after Hussein Samatar, to allow for more ways that Cedar-Riverside area visitors and residents could connect to Hiawatha LRT Trail, other neighborhoods, and downtown.
The relatively short Samatar Crossing trail runs parallel to Hiawatha LRT Trail, originating from the west side of the light-rail tracks near the Cedar–Riverside station, traversing over Interstate 35W, and eventually reaching 11th Street in downtown.
Compared to Hiawatha LRT Trail, the newer Samatar Crossing features greater path width, separate lanes for bicycles and pedestrians, better lightning, and the potential for public art installments.
Excuse Me for Living is a 2012 American romantic comedy film written, produced and directed by Ric Klass and starring Tom Pelphrey, Christopher Lloyd, Robert Vaughn, Melissa Archer and Ewa Da Cruz.
The episodes were released in two batches for YouTube Premium users with the first four being released on December 18, 2019 and the latter four being released on January 15, 2020.
The cemetery is known for burying poor people, for its location and price; it was built to bury the bodies of homeless and unidentified people, currently burying 12 people a day on average.
During the period of the military dictatorship (1964-1985), the cemetery was used for the burial of people killed by the regime's security forces.
A total of four teams compete in the qualifying stage to decide one of the eight places in the 2020 OFC Nations Cup.
The union was founded on 10 May 2006, when the Metal-Textile Union merged with the Union of Agriculture, Food and Allied Industries.
The two unions had been working closely together for some time, sharing offices in Vienna from 2002, and using a joint website from the start of 2006.
It is the lead single for their sixth studio album The Side Effects, produced by Michael Baskette, written by Masato Hayakawa and was released on 12 December 2018.
This is, to date, the only single released by Coldrain which wasn't accompanied with a music video at its initial release.
Visual and stylistic references are shown throughout as the band play the song in a desert, intertwined with a dark setting with a visible decaying tree in the background.
In the climax, the sun would drop down on the band, draining life from their surroundings and making the playing band turn into dust as the song ends.
She is powered by two Caterpillar diesel engines turning 2 shafts with 600 bhp, giving the vessel a capability of eight knots.
Her area of operation includes the upper Mississippi River mile marker 109.9 at Chester, Illinois, to mile 200.8 at Alton, Illinois; the Missouri River mile marker 0.0 at St. Louis, Missouri, to mile 226.3 at Glasgow, Missouri; and the Kaskaskia River at mile marker 0.0 to mile 28.5 at New Athens, Illinois.
The following year, it merged with the Union of Workers in Food and Allied Industries, to form the Union of Agriculture, Food and Allied Industries.
The Union of Workers in Food and Allied Industries (, GLB) was a trade union representing workers in food production, tobacco manufacture, and related industries, in Austria.
The following year, it merged with the Union of Agricultural and Forestry Workers, to form the Union of Agriculture, Food and Allied Industries.
It was also produced by Pheelz, who incorporated a mix of percussion, ambient synth harmonies, and a drum riff into the production.
Operation Dawn 7 (Operation Walfajr-7; Persian: عملیات والفجر 7) is the name of an operation during Iran-Iraq war (Persian: جنگ ایران-عراق) which was stopped before commencing --due to its specific conditions.
The Union of Agriculture, Food and Allied Industries (, ANG) was a trade union representing workers in agriculture, food processing and other related industries, in Austria.
The union was founded in 1991, when the Union of Agricultural and Forestry Workers merged with the Union of Workers in Food and Allied Industries.
In 2002, the union began sharing offices in Vienna with the Metal-Textile Union, and on 10 May 2006, the two unions merged, forming the Metal-Textile-Food Union.
Al-Nafs al-Zakiyya who is --according to Shia hadiths-- from the progeny of Husayn ibn Ali; (or from Hassani Sayyids based on some narrations) will eventually be killed in the city of Mecca, between Rokn and Maqam.
As a notable 386 activist, he served as an aide for a former MP Shin Ki-nam, as well as a deputy spokesman of the Uri Party.
At the 2006 local elections, he ran as a member of the Seoul Metropolitan Council for Gangseo 1st constituency but lost.
On 24 June, Kim was arrested by police, shortly after his re-election under the New Politics Alliance for Democracy (NPAD) banner.
When Kim refused to pay it back, Song threatened Kim to do so; otherwise Song would make Kim to lose in 2014.
The media also explained that Kim urged Paeng to commit suicide and Paeng also unsuccessfully tried his 4 attempts at lock-up.
Kim subsequently lodged an appeal, but at the second trial, he was again sentenced to life in prison, compared to Paeng whose imprisonment was reduced to 20 years.
On 19 August 2015, at the final trial, the Supreme Court confirmed life imprisonment to Kim and his election as a Seoul Metropolitan Council member was officially annulled.
George Nicolau (February 14, 1925 – January 2, 2020) was a labor lawyer and arbitrator, president of National Academy of Arbitrators, and chairman of Major League Baseball’s arbitration panel.
Nicolau is best known for his decisions in the Major League Baseball collusion cases known as Collusion II and Collusion III, which resulted in a $280m settlement.
The girls' slopestyle event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 18 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
The Posidonia Shale is a geological formation on Germany and the Netherlands, that spans about 3 million years during the Early Jurassic period (early Toarcian stage).
Insects are a common terrestrial animals that where proabaly drifted to the sea due to Moonsonal conditions present on the Posidonia Shale.
The following year, it merged with the Hotel and Restaurant Workers' Union, to form the Hotel, Catering and Personal Services Union.
The Green lost their first seven games, only managing to win their final match, and scored a paltry 8 goals all season.
Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.
George M. Karamarkovich (born 1942) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing and Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point.
The 2020 Santiago ePrix (formally the 2020 Antofagasta Minerals Santiago E-Prix) was an Formula E electric car race held at the Parque O'Higgins Circuit in the Parque O'Higgins of Santiago, Chile on 18 January 2020.
It served as the third round of the 2019–20 Formula E season and was the third annual edition of the event.
The race was won by Maximilian Günther, driving for BMW i Andretti Motorsport, who started from 2nd on the grid, and became the youngest ever Formula E race winner, with António Félix da Costa coming in second, while pole-sitter Mitch Evans finished the race third.
Finishing in 6th overall was sufficient to elevate Stoffel Vandoorne to the top the Drivers' Championship standings with 38, after the then-championship leader, Alexander Sims retired from the race with collision damage, demoting him to second, with 35 points.
Sam Bird's 10th place and fastest lap point enabled him to stay 3rd in the championship standings, with 28 points, while Günther's race win elevated him to 4th in the championship standings, with 25 points.
Lucas di Grassi's recovery drive from 22nd on the grid to 7th, netting him 6 points was also sufficient to keep him 5th in the championship standings, with 24 points.
In the Teams' Championship, BMW i Andretti Motorsport led with 60 points, while the Mercedes-Benz EQ Formula E Team slid to 2nd, with 56 points.
On 15 June 2019, Formula E announced the provisional calendar for the 2019–20 Formula E season, which would be the sixth season of the championship, with 14 races to be held across 12 cities globally.
On 5 October 2019, Formula E announced the finalised calendar for the season, which would see 14 races to be held across 12 cities globally.
This finalised calendar would see the race bumped up to the 3rd round of the championship, with the TBA round in December being cancelled.
Ahead of the race, in November 2019, concerns were raised about the race, due to the 2019–20 Chilean protests, which had seen postponements and suspensions of football fixtures earlier in the month, with the APEC and COP25 summits, which had been set to be hosted in the city also being cancelled, while the Copa Libertadores final was moved to Lima, Peru and Rally Chile was cancelled.
In spite of the concerns, the event was officially launched of 13 November, while Formula E would continue to monitor the social-political situation in the city.
Formula E later reaffirmed its commitment to racing the city, while it was later revealed that unlike Rally Chile, the race was privately-funded, with the money needed to put on the race in Santiago's O'Higgins Park coming from the event organisers, without government funding.
Ahead of the race, changes to the track layout were made, most notably at the curving back straight, where the chicane was removed, while the pit lane was moved to the other side of the track, to the inside of the circuit.
In addition, the sweeping right hander which was the former Turn 1 was modified, with a new left hander being added ahead of the revised corner.
The final sector of the lap also saw changes, with the zig-zagging section of the track being reversed compared to the previous year.
The removal of the chicane came as Formula E looked to reduce the number of chicanes on the tracks in the championship, in the wake of several accidents happening at such locations in several races, with the highest profile incident seeing a pile-up at the first corner during the 2019 Swiss ePrix blocking the track, and causing a lengthy red flag period.
Mitch Evans scored both his, and Jaguar Racing's 2nd ever pole in the ABB Formula E Championship, after topping the timesheets in both the qualifying groups, and the Superpole shootout.
During the superpole shootout, he denied Maximilian Günther pole by a margin of nearly 3 tenths, after clocking in an impressive time at the final sector of the track, being 0.22s faster than the rest of the competition, despite being the last to leave the pits for the track.
Prior to the Kiwi's sensational run in the final sector of the track, it had appeared that the German would be set to clinch his first ever Formula E pole, having clocked the fastest time in the first 2 sectors of the track, to beat his fellow countryman, Pascal Wehrlein to provisional pole by nearly 6 tenths.
The Mahindra driver had left the pits first for his Superpole lap, and ended up posting a lap slower than his effort in the Group stage.
Felipe Massa came in fourth, edging out Oliver Turvey, who had posted a phenomenal time in the final sector during the Group 4 session, in his NIO 333 machine.
Season 2 champion Sébastien Buemi came in 6th, and last in the Superpole session, after posting 2 slow sectors in his Nissan.
Behind the superpole runners, qualifying 7th was the Venturi run Mercedes of Edoardo Mortara, who had his lap affected, due to an incident with fellow Group 2 runner Robin Frijns, after Frijns experienced a spin on his flying lap.
A massive rear end snap under braking spun Frijns around on the approach to Turn 1, where he barely missed the tyre wall.
In spite of this, Mortara was still able to set the fastest time in Group 2, courtesy of a strong final sector, and held provisional pole at the time.
Behind Mortara were the 2 factory-run Mercedes of Nyck de Vries, and his teammate Stoffel Vandoorne, while António Félix da Costa rounded out the top 10, in his DS Techeetah.
Reigning series champion Jean-Éric Vergne's tricky start to the season continued, the Frenchman coming in P11, over a second slower than his teammate, ahead of the leading Porsche of Neel Jani.
Alexander Sims saw his pole streak come to an end, the championship leader coming in 15th, ahead of the Envision Virgin Racing run Audi of Sam Bird, and the Dragon-Penske of Brendon Hartley.
Jérôme d'Ambrosio suffered car trouble towards the end of his flying lap, leaving him languishing down in 20th, after failing to start the second race at Ad Diriyah due to a technical issue.
Behind d'Ambrosio, was the Virgin run Audi of Frijns, his spin dealing him a penalty in terms of his final laptime, while Lucas di Grassi had his lap affected by a crash by Oliver Rowland, which initially cost him a few tenths, before the Season 3 champion ruined his own laptime by running wide at Turn 9.
Behind him, was the Nissan of Rowland, the Brit crashing heavily during the Group 1 session, and forcing his team, e.DAMS to scramble against the clock to prepare his car in time for the race.
Ma Qinghua propped up the grid, and did not participate in the session, after he crashed in Practice 2, and the NIO 333 FE Team mechanics were unable to repair his car in time for the session.
Maximilian Günther scored his first ever Formula E race victory, becoming the youngest ever Formula E race winner, after triumphing in a last lap battle with António Félix da Costa.
Polesitter Mitch Evans came in 3rd for Panasonic Jaguar Racing, benefitting from a penalty issued to Nyck de Vries, who had come in third on the road.
At the start, Evans held the lead off the line, while Mahindra Racing’s Pascal Wehrlein forced his way past Günther, who suffered from a poor start, at the tight off-track approach to Turn 2, which the field used throughout the race.
From this point onwards, the race quietened down, until past the 40th minute, when Günther’s teammate, the championship leader Alexander Sims, ground to a halt on track, prompting a full-course yellow, while the stewards removed his car, with the FCY being lifted at the 37 minute mark on the clock.
In less than a lap after the restart, Oliver Rowland made contact with Sam Bird, damaging his front wing and putting Bird into a spin.
Using his Attack Mode power boost, Günther advanced on Edoardo Mortara, using the extra power to sweep past the Venturi driver and to move back into third.
With Mortara in fourth and his teammate Felipe Massa in fifth, the two Venturi cars trailed the podium sitters, seemingly ready to pick up a podium, should any of the top 3 suffer from issues.
However, this was not to be, as the duo activated Attack Mode against each other in a bid to attack overtake and defend from the other.
Meanwhile, up front, Günther activated Attack Mode to pass Wehrlein for second and with still a minute on his attack mode, Günther went for the lead, slipping past Evans on the approach to Turn 9, the extra power on hand for the German giving the Kiwi no chance to defend his position.
With 14 minutes to go, Vergne and his teammate António Félix da Costa became the next drivers to pass the Mahindra of Pascal Wehrlein, the pair bumping Wehrlein down to fifth.
Having made eight-places since the start of the race, damage to Vergne's front wing finally appeared to be affecting the Frenchman's car, his front-left tire starting to rub on the wing, leaving a trail of smoke behind him.
With both cars coming into Turn 10 together, Da Costa forced the BMW driver wide, locking up his fronts at the turn-10 hairpin and bumping along the side of the BMW, pulling into first place.
However, in spite of this, Da Costa soon found his lead under threat from Günther, due to him having to nurse battery temperatures, and on the last lap, Günther stormed past Da Costa at Turn 9, pulling away from the Portuguese, and winning by a margin of 2.067s.
Arthur Charles Blades (born February 3, 1942) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, Policies and Operations and as Deputy Chief of Staff for Aviation.
Tor Tiv also known as Begha U Tiv (Lion of Tiv people) is the supreme traditional ruler of the Tiv people.
The Tor Tiv, according to Tiv tradition, arbitrates disputes among Tiv people without impartially, irrespective of economic, political and social status of the parties to a dispute.
According to Section 16 (1) schedule 3 of the law establishing the Benue State Council of Chiefs and Traditional Council, the Tor Tiv seat rotates among the two sons of Tiv, Ipusu and Ichongo, as the main ruling houses of the Tiv people.
On 4 March 2017, during the coronation of James Ayatse as Tor Tiv IV at JS Tarka Stadium in Gboko, a man, Stephen Nyitse outwitted the security officers and sat on the stool prepared for the coronation.
Nyitse during interrogation said he sat on the stool to cleanse it for the incoming Tor Tiv and make it comfortable for him.
The sacrilegist was later banished from Tivland by the Tiv Traditional Council (TTC) with instructions that no Tiv son or daughter must ever relate with him or help him.
Stephen Nyitse was also sentenced to four years in prison after being found guilty of trespass and impersonating the Tor Tiv on 07 March 2017 by a magistrate court.
Duma Ndlovu is a South African Poet, Filmmaker, Producer, Journalist and Playwright.He is considered as a legend in the South African television industry,having created award winning shows like Muvhango, Imbewu The Seed and Uzalo.Between 1996 and 2004 he was the chairman of the SA music awards(SAMAs).
Duma ndlovu is of Zulu ancestry and he was born in Soweto, Gauteng, his ancestral home however is in Bergville, KwaZulu-Natal.He went to Sekano Ntoane High School in Senaoane.
After finishing high school he started writing for the World News paper.He then founded the Medupe Writers Association, a group that encouraged young black people to take interest in being writers.
He served as the organizations president until 1977 when the apartheid government banned the group due to its participation in black consciousness and anti-apartheid movements.
After Duma ndlovu and many others who were part of the medupe writers association were banned by the apartheid government, he left South Africa for the United States to avoid being persecuted by the apartheid government.In the United States he was able to study and complete his Master's Degree at Hunter College in New York.
In the 1985 Duma founded the Woza Afrika Foundation in order to give young black aspiring actors and actresses the opportunity to pursue their dreams and also raise funds to support the overall Arts in the South Africa.He also taught African American literature and music at the state university of New york in stony brook.
in 1992, Duma ndlovu returned to South Africa and he founded the Word Of Mouth Productions to mount music, theatre and television productions.
The company was successful and a few years later it was chosen as the official casting company in South Africa for the Musical Broadway Disney's The Lion King.
In 1994, he wrote Bergville stories which was positively received and had successful runs in durban at the Playhouse, the Market Theatre and the Grahamstown National Arts Festival.
Duma ndlovu created Imbewu The Seed with Leleti Khumalo and Anant Singh as executive producers.The show is broadcast on etv and has received positive reviews from the viewers.It attracted 2.7 million viewers on its premier and as of december 2018 Imbewu The Seed had over 4 million viewers.
The show's popularity continued to grow immensely, it was extended from four nights a week to five nights a week and was now competing with Generations: The Legacy for the most watched tv show in South Africa.On june 2015 Uzalo officially dethroned Generations: The Legacy as the Most watched television show in South Africa.
At the end of september 2018, Uzalo had broken all records in the history of television viewing in South Africa.On the first of october 2018 the show had reached 10.2 million viewers, cementing its top spot as the most watched television programme by far.
The meeting was convened by the Provisional Government to inform Russian citizens about the political situation in the country and to unite the forces supporting it among different layers and groups of Russian society.
144 of July 27, 1917, in which the purpose of the meeting was defined as the unity of state power with all organized forces of the country in view of the exclusivity of the events experienced.
The meeting was attended by about 2,500 people: 488 deputies of the State Duma of all convocations, 129 representatives from the Soviets of Peasant Deputies, 100 from the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, 147 from the City Duma, 117 from the Army and Navy, 313 from cooperatives, 150 from commercial and industrial circles.
and banks, 176 from trade unions, 118 from zemstvos, 83 from the intelligentsia, 58 from national organizations, 24 from the clergy, etc.
The councils were represented by delegations of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies and the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Peasant Deputies, consisting of Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries.
The Bolsheviks – representatives of the Soviets – intended to make a declaration at the meeting exposing the counter-revolutionary, in their opinion, sense of the meeting, and then leave it.
However, the Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionary leaders of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies did not admit them to the delegation.
Nevertheless, the Bolsheviks were able to attend the Conference among the trade union, cooperative and some other delegations, but were deprived of the opportunity to read out their declaration and submitted it to the Presidium of the Conference for publication.
On the first day of the meeting, reports were made by Minister of the Interior Nikolai Avksentiev, Minister of Trade and Industry Sergey Prokopovich, Deputy Minister Chairman and Minister of Finance Nikolai Nekrasov.
Mikhail Alekseev, Ekaterina Breshko-Breshkovskaya, Alexander Guchkov, Peter Kropotkin, Vasily Maklakov, Pavel Milyukov, Vladimir Nabokov, Georgy Plekhanov, Mikhail Rodzianko, Pavel Ryabushinsky, David Ryazanov, Sergey Salazkin, Irakli Tsereteli, Vasily Shulgin, Vadim Rudnev also spoke at the meeting.
In the speeches of Lavr Kornilov, Alexei Kaledin, Pavel Milyukov, Vasily Shulgin and others, the following program was formulated: the liquidation of the Soviets, the abolition of public organizations in the army, the war to the bitter end, the restoration of the death penalty, harsh discipline in the army and in the rear – in factories.
Some of the Moscow workers, organized by revolutionary political forces, in connection with the Conference, declared a one-day general strike on the day of its beginning, in which more than 400 thousand people took part.
The meeting received a negative assessment in Soviet historiography as a conspiracy of counter-revolutionary forces for the preparation of the Kornilovism.
The song was entirely written by the rapper himself and solely produced by German producer Jumpa with the mastering process handled by German producer Lex Barkey.
The official music video for the song was shot by the Sekuencë and was uploaded on the 15 January 2020 onto YouTube in order to accompany the single's release.
It portrays the rapper driving a Mercedes S-Coupé as well as performing him to the song in front of a Mercedes G-Class.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of C minor in common time with a tempo of 174 beats per minute.
It was announced to be released on 7 January 2020 by a social media post uploaded on the rappers Instagram profile.
Since she expects to get more things while begging when she takes a child with her, she asks Maria to come with her.
She helps Hen-Helen to tie her shoes, gives Dearie-Dearie her wool when she has dropped it or consoles Joey Squint when he gets scared because he hears voices.
She tells Joey Squint that as soon as the linden sounds and the nightingale sings, he won't hear any more voices.
He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of the West, then completed an executive master of business administration degree from National Chengchi University.
He was supportive of Wang Jin-pyng during the of 2013, during which party chair Ma Ying-jeou attempted to revoke Wang's party membership, and continued to back Wang as he pursued legal action.
He became acting chair of the Kuomintang on 15 January 2020, after Wu Den-yih resigned the office on the same date, in an effort to take responsibility for Han Kuo-yu's loss in the 2020 Taiwanese presidential election.
Lin's business ties in China include a period as leader of the Kunshan taishang business association, and as an adviser to the .
The union was founded in 2000, when the Union of Metal, Mining and Energy (GMBE) merged with the Union of Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers.
It will be Javid's first budget and also the first since the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union.
Of these, four are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The other listed buildings are a church, a memorial in the churchyard, two crosses, a road bridge, the entrance to a former country house which has been demolished, a former school, and a milepost.
He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1962 and was the first African-American to serve as Commandant of Cadets.
The girls' slopestyle event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 18 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
Because of symmetry the axis of the cone has to be contained in the plane through the foci, which is orthogonal to the ellips's plane.
There exists a Dandelin sphere formula_4, which touches the ellipse's plane at the focus formula_5 and the cone at a circle.
The 2020 CME Group Tour Championship is the tenth CME Group Tour Championship, a women's professional golf tournament and the season-ending event on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour.
From 2014 to 2018, the top 72 players on the points list and any tournament winners, whether or not a member, earned entry into the championship.
In the 2019 general election, she became the first Guna woman to run for a seat as deputy and be elected to the National Assembly of Panama.
She has worked as a businesswoman in the tourism sector in the Guna Yala region, and is the leader of a tourism association for 28 islands.
Ayarza has been a member of the Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) for more than 20 years, during which she assumed leadership positions as party delegate, president of the organization area via election, and president of the party's regional collective.
In her political speech she advocates for the rights of indigenous peoples, and especially for the empowerment of women of the Guna ethnic group.
Petita Ayarza was the first Guna woman to be presented by the PRD as a candidate for a legislative position for Circuit 10-1, which includes the districts of Ailigandí, Madugandí, and Narganá.
By 1998, it had 174,423 members, with 45% working in social services, 40% in public administration, and most of the remainder in utilities.
In 2009, the union merged with the much smaller Union of Artists, Media Workers and Freelance Workers, to form the Union of Municipal Employees, Art, Media, Sport and Freelance Workers.
On their third head coach in three years, Dartmouth began the season well but sputtered in their intercollegiate games and finished with a losing but improved record.
Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.
He was part of the movement after the Second World War advocating for Indigenous educational reform at the local and national level in Canada.
He served three years in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War Two, and later studied engineering at the University of Toronto, before leaving his studies early to support his young family.
He would later complete his degree at the University of Windsor and go on to complete his teacher's certificate at London's Teachers College.
He was a school teacher in Kitchener and principal at Danesbury Public School in North York Township between 1953 and 1968.
He later became a superintendent with the Ontario Department of Education with responsibilities Indian and northern schools from 1968 to 1971.
Currie also served as president of the Indian-Eskimo Association of Canada and was the first chairman of the Toronto Indian Friendship Centre from 1969-1971.
In July 1971, Currie was appointed as chair of Native Studies at Trent University, where he served a term to 1975.
In this role, Currie continued to be active on provincial and national Indigenous issues, particularly educational reform, repatriation of cultural artifacts, and, entrepreneurial opportunities on- and off-reserve for Indigenous business people.
He also co-wrote a commissioned report with Donald L. Faris in 1983, in which they investigated claims that the City of Regina's police force was misusing police dogs.
The Sadie Collective is an American non-profit organization which aims to increase the representation of Black women in economics and related fields.
It was founded by Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman and Fanta Traore in August 2018 and is named for the first African-American economist, Sadie T.M.
It has organized conferences connecting Black women pursuing careers in economics and related fields such as finance, data science, and public policy.
It was founded on March 9, 1903, at the Providence Public Library in Providence, Rhode Island, at a meeting organized by Frank G. Bates, State Librarian of Rhode Island.
RILA's first quarterly Bulletin of Rhode Island Library Association was published in May 1908 via the state Board of Education and was discontinued in November 1912.
RILA endorsed a Works Progress Administration program for libraries in 1936, resulting in Elizabeth Myer becoming supervisor of a Statewide WPA Library Project in 1940, cataloging public libraries and doing field consultant work.
Andrew Pringle Jr. (born March 19, 1927) is a retired major general in the United States Air Force who served as Chief of Staff of Strategic Air Command from 1980 to 1982.
Written by Orup and produced by Anders Hansson, the song was released as the album's lead single on 21 September 2005 through Columbia and Sony BMG.
He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 74 kg event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and the silver medal in the men's 86 kg event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
In 2016 he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 74 kg event at the 2016 African Wrestling Championships.
The following year at the 2019 African Wrestling Championships he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 86 kg event.
The union was founded in 2009, when the Union of Municipal Employees merged with the Union of Artists, Media Workers and Freelance Workers.
It was originally named the Union of Municipal Employees, Art, Media, Sport and Freelance Workers, but shortened its name in 2015.
Mary A. Marsh (born 1930) is a retired brigadier general in the United States Air Force who served as director for manpower and personnel (J-1) for the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
The India women's cricket team is scheduled to tour England to play the England women's cricket team in June and July 2020.
The South Africa women's cricket team is scheduled to tour England to play the England women's cricket team in September 2020.
In addition to contemporary classical music, he also works as a composer and producer in popular music (like electroacoustic ambient and pop).
Especially in the 2010s, his music was often slow, calm and focused, as evidenced by the titles of many works (e.g.
The building was constructed between 1889 and 1890 according to the plans of master bricklayer Johann Wiss from Klotten, commissioned by Carl Joseph Friedrichs.
Friedrichs went from Wittlich to the United States in 1850 and became a wealthy Gold digger during the Montana Gold Rush, where he discovered the Montana Bar, only to return to Germany in 1866.
The tower with its admonishing hand probably served as a reminder to his first wife Betty, née Hirsch (1850-1926) and one of her older brothers.
10,000 dollars from Friedrichs in Helena before his departure in September 1866, after he had made spectacular gold discoveries during the Montana Gold Rush in Diamond City.
After his arrival in the winter of 1866, Friedrich went to his father Bernhard Hirsch (1807-1885) in Cochem to claim the money back.
When his wife Betty divorced him on October 15, 1881 in Zürich-Wollishofen, Friedrichs had to pay her these 90,000 marks (as of 2016 approx.
After Betty remarried in 1882 and had a romantic winegrower's villa built in Cochem with her second husband Johann Josef Schunck (1849-1893) in 1884/85, Friedrichs acquired a plot of land in the immediate vicinity of the villa at the end of August 1885.
The Mahnhand, erroneously called the Oath-hand, is made of copper-plate, is about 1.05 m large and 0.7 m wide and weighs 13.1 kg.
The fact that the hand appears golden today is due to a coating that was applied as a permanent protection against corrosion.
When the tower was opened for the first time in 1928, a life-size white statue of Christ made of Carrara marble was found inside.
The owner, Friedrich's eldest son, Medical Officer of Health Alphons Friedrichs (* October 10, 1868 in Meiningen) left it to the parish of Cond, which had it installed in the War Memorial Chapel in the former steeple of St. Remaclus Church.
When the property with the tower on it was sold again in the 1960s, the new owner removed the roof construction because the roof was no longer in good condition.
The building permit for the construction project had previously been issued by the Rhineland-Palatinate Monuments Office with effect from March 22, 2019.
In 2019 the World Jigsaw Federation, WJPF, was founded and in the same year, the first World Jigsaw Championship was held.
The 2020 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament was held from May 15 to June 3, 2020 as the final part of the 2020 NCAA Division I softball season.
Thirty-two teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences, and the remaining 32 were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee.
The 64-team, double-elimination tournament concluded with the 2020 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City.
Regional champions will then face each other in Super Regionals, a best-of-three-game series, to determine the eight participants in the College World Series.
The Union of Artists, Media Workers and Freelance Workers (, KMSfB) was a trade union representing Austrian workers in a variety of industries.
By 1998, it had 16,202 members, with 60% working in the arts, 20% in paper and printing, and most of the remainder in business services.
In 2009, the union merged with the much larger Union of Municipal Employees, to form the Union of Municipal Employees, Art, Media, Sport and Freelance Workers.
Herman O. Thomson (born 6 April 1929) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as director for plans and policy for the Joint Staff from 1983 to 1985.
The International Supply Chain Education Alliance (ISCEA) is a supply chain professionals certifying body best known for becoming the first organization validating the knowledge of supply chain managers around the world and providing them with the CSCM (Certified Supply Chain Manager) designation.
Founded in 2003 and currently holding over 100,000 members, ISCEA has its World HQ office in Beachwood, OH, USA and regional offices in LATAM, EMEA and APAC.
Besides Certified Supply Chain Manager (CSCM) certification, ISCEA has developed several professional certification programs that include: Certified Supply Chain Analyst (CSCA), Certified Lean Master (CLM), Certified RFID Supply Chain Manager (RFIDSCM), Certified Demand Driven Planner (CDDP), Certified HealthCare Supply Chain Analyst (CHSCA); and Certified Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt (CLSSYB), Green Belt (CLSSGB) and Black Belt (CLSSBB).
The term Supply Chain Management (SCM) was coined in the early eighties (1982) by Booz Allen Consultant, Keith Oliver , but remained only a buzzword for many years.
The holistic concept of a cross-functional set of processes aimed to fulfill the customer’s needs, started to make sense to companies, consultants and academics in the early nineties.
It was until the decade’s end, when technology enabled Business Process Integration throughout each company and extended to other companies, that the term SCM was widely adopted.
ISCEA’s founding members identified the need of a professional SCM certification organization and developed the Certified Supply Chain Manager (CSCM) certification program.
In 2005 ISCEA started awarding the Ptak Prize for Supply Chain Excellence, an Annual Prize aimed to recognize corporations achieving significant improvement through Vision, Business Rules, and Technology.
The Ptak Prize is currently awarded in the following categories: Supply Chain Excellence, Global Case Competition, Supply Chain Professional of the Year, Best of the Best ERP Solution and 30 Under 30 Global Supply Chain Leaders.
He is currently Chair of Technology Committee of ISCEA's International Standards Board (IISB), and he is also Editor in Chief of the International Supply Chain Technology Journal (ISCTJ) and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies in the College of Engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington.
SCNext provides students and young supply chain professionals with webinars, scholarships, conferences, journal articles and networking opportunities that would help them build their careers.
Besides being a Supply Chain, Operations, Engineering and Technology professionals gathering, SCTECH provides Professional Development Units (PDUs) to ISCEA's certified professional so that they can renew their certification credentials.
In 2006 Seguro Popular, a governmental health-care institution created in 2002; issued an RFID technology mandate to authenticate and improve drug safety within its supply chain.
ISCEA served as RFID technical advisor to the Mexican government providing guidance on best practices to implement RFID technology in Seguro Popular's Supply Chain Model, and also providing with RFID Supply Chain Manager (RFIDSCM) certification to Mexican Pharma Manufacturers and Distributors looking to comply with the mandate.
Seguro Popular was later replaced by Insabi during the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, but ISCEA's presence has been expanding in Mexico and other Latin American countries ever since.
ISCEA has been active in the region through partnerships with Universities, delivering awards, participating in supply chain events and contributing with articles to supply chain media in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panamá, Perú and other countries.
Since 2010 ISCEA has been providing supply chain knowledge and advise in the Middle East, organizing Supply Chain Management Summits and certification workshops in UAE and Saudi Arabia.
In 2012 ISCEA partnered with GS1 Saudi Arabia and the Council of Saudi Chambers to support the human capital objectives of Saudi Arabia, providing expert supply chain advice and supply chain certification.
In 2014 the French Supply Chain Management Association (FAPICS), introduced to France ISCEA's CDDP (Certified Demand Driven Planner) certification programme; and in 2016 it introduced CSCA (Certified Supply Chain Analyst).
ISCEA collaborated in 2019 with Africa Resource Centre (ARC) awarding future leaders of Nigeria with Certified Supply Chain Analyst (CSCA) and Certified HealthCare Supply Chain Analyst (CHSCA) scholarships worth US$550,000.
ARC is an independent supply chain advisor to Ministries of Health of African Countries, aimed to improve availability of medicine and health in Africa.
Other countries in EMEA in which supply chain professionals are acquiring their supply chain certification credentials from ISCEA include Jordan, Kenya and South Africa.
Some countries in APAC in which supply chain professionals are acquiring their supply chain certification credentials from ISCEA include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh Indonesia, Singapore and Sri Lanka.
ISCEA's Certified Lean Master (CLM) programme is delivered in Hong Kong and Malaysia through SGS, the global inspection, verification, testing and certification entity.
Hayward H. Plumadore (July 13, 1913 – July 30, 2001) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the Franklin district from 1960 to 1964.
The facility has its origins in the Belvedere Union Workhouse which was designed by J. H. Morton and completed in 1884.
It became the Burton Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and then joined the National Health Service as Burton District Hospital in 1948.
A redevelopment programme intended to consolidate all the town's medical facilities, including those previously delivered at the old Burton Infirmary in Duke Street, on the Belvedere Road site began in the 1970s.
The new facilities were opened by the Queen in December 1995 and, in recognition of this, the facility was renamed Queen's Hospital in 1996.
George M. Browning Jr. (born November 22, 1928) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as Comptroller of the United States Air Force from 1981 to 1984.
It is one of two stations within the municipality of Tägerwilen; the other, Tägerwilen-Gottlieben, is located away on the Lake line.
While studying at Oxford, Mackenzie played first-class cricket for Oxford University on three occasions in 1910, against Kent, Surrey and the Gentlemen of England.
He scored 65 runs in his three matches, at an average of 16.25 and with a high score of 48 not out.
With his left-arm fast-medium bowling, he took 6 wickets at a bowling average of 30.83 and best figures of 2 for 65.
Having been attached to the East Lancashire Regiment as a member of the Auxiliary Forces, he was assigned to the King's Royal Rifle Corps in July 1911, .
He was promoted to lieutenant in March 1914 and was on home leave when the First World War was declared in at the end of July 1914.
He was seconded to the Rifle Brigade at the commencement of hostilities, where he was sent to France and took part in the Battle of the Aisne in September 1914.
Involved in a dawn assault on German trenches near Soupir on 25 September, Mackenzie was wounded in the assault, but was seen to return to his feet to lead his platoon and was a short while later wounded for a second time, this time fatally.
It is located northwest of Hammondsville at the intersection of Ohio State Route 7 and Ohio State Route 213 where the Yellow Creek empties into the Ohio River, at .
The Linton Post Office was established as Mouth of Yellow Creek Post Office (in Columbiana County) on May 12, 1832, and the name changed to Linton Post Office on March 30, 1855.
Edward John Heinz (born August 30, 1932) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as director of the intelligence community staff from 1986 to 1990.
The first edition of Melodije Istre i Kvarnera (then Melodije Kvarnera - Rijeka 1964), held on 22 May 1964, was broadcast by Radio Zagreb (due to the local radio station, Radio Rijeka, boycotting the festival) and it had 14 artists participating with 18 songs.
The Women's Doubles tournament at the 1955 French Championships was held from 24 May to 5 June 1955 on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France.
The American team of Beverly Fleitz and Darlene Hard won the title, defeating the British pair of Shirley Bloomer and Pat Ward in the final in three sets.
Robert Dale Springer (born January 17, 1933) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as vice commander in chief, Military Airlift Command from 1987 to 1988 and inspector general of the Air Force from 1985 to 1987.
Corsia ornata is a species of flowering plant in the genus of the small family Corsiaceae, part of the monocot order Liliales.
From the rhizomes, arise long, cylindrical and finely corrugated, unbranched and upright growing stems that are terete (almost circular in cross section) and narrowly ribbed.
Leaves are reduced to acute (sharply pointed) sheath-shaped scales 1–2 cm in length, arranged alternately on the stem, with 3–5 nerves and similar bracts.
Of the six tepals (in two whorls), five are linear, obtuse and pale yellow in colour, 11–13  millimeters long, one-nerved and hairless.
The sixth, outer tepal, called the labellum, is either light yellow to light purple with a darker purple veins nerve or purplish brown.
It has a basal callus that is white, broadly shell-shaped, 2-3.5 mm long and around 2.5 mm wide, with a tip that is rounded or slightly acuminate, finely papillate at the margins with 8 or 9 lateral nerves that are variously branched and 16–18 short lamellae radiating from the basal callus that are distinctly pilose.
Media coverage of the 2016 presidential election was a source of controversy during and after the 2016 election, with various candidates, campaigns and supporters alleging bias against candidates and causes.
Trump received more extensive media coverage than Ted Cruz, John Kasich, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders combined during a time when those were the only primary candidates left in the race.
Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders received less than two-thirds of the coverage of Hillary Clinton who was more frequently reported on in every week of the primaries.
Among the general election candidates, Trump received inordinate amounts of coverage on his policies and issues, as well as on his personal character and life, whereas Hillary Clinton's emails controversy was a dominant feature of her coverage, earning more media coverage than all of her policy positions combined.
From the beginning of his campaign through February 2016, Trump received almost $2 billion in free media attention, twice the amount that Clinton received.
According to data from the Tyndall Report, which tracks nightly news content, through February 2016, Trump alone accounted for more than a quarter of all 2016 election coverage on the evening newscasts of NBC, CBS and ABC, more than all the Democratic campaigns combined.
Analyses by Columbia Journalism Review, the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, and the Shorenstein Center at the Harvard Kennedy School show that the Clinton email controversy received more coverage in mainstream media outlets than any other topic during the 2016 presidential election.
Cruz suggested that the media were deliberately boosting Trump's candidacy, and that they were holding back damaging stories about him until he won the nomination.
Bernie Sanders, the Sanders campaign, the Shorenstein Center, supporters and alternative media sources have said that the mainstream media were structurally prone to ignore Bernie Sanders in 2016.
For these commentators, evidence of bias includes: minimal media coverage, negative or scant coverage at crucial times, and insufficient focus on policy in media coverage.
According to Thomas E. Patterson, Sanders got two-thirds of Clinton's media coverage during the Democratic primary as a whole, as compared to 78% of the votes she got in the Democratic primary.
He won a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and a gold at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, both in the Class 4–5 team event.
Melbourne Kimsey (born 16 October 1930) is a retired brigadier general in the United States Air Force who served as director of the Cheyenne Mountain Complex from 1981 to 1983.
She was involved in the Mothers' Club, which was instrumental in the formation of the Nursery Mothers’ Action Campaign from 1964 to 1966 as her children attended the associated Frederick Street nursery school.
She served as the chairman of the Mothers' Club, playing a key role in this campaign, noted for her condemnation of the closing of nurseries that had been opened during World War II.
Cults is a 3D printing marketplace allowing designers, makers and other users to share free and paid models meant for 3D printing.
In 2015, La Poste establishes a partnership with Cults and 3D Slash to develop impression3d.laposte.fr, a digital manufacturing service allowing users to have objects printed and shipped to them on demand.
In 2016, partners with Cults to develop Happy 3d, an open source platform dedicated to spare parts printing, in an effort to promote sustainable consumption.
Wayne E. Whitlatch (9 October 1928 – 26 October 2017) is a retired major general in the United States Air Force who served as commander of the Air Force Test and Evaluation Center from 1980 to 1982.
John L. Pickitt (born July 30, 1933) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served director of the Defense Nuclear Agency from 1985 to 1987.
The song also features Elton John on piano and vocals, and because of this, features a piano rock sound similar to John's solo career.
Greenwald is a Professor of Mathematics at Appalachian State University and Faculty Affiliate of the Gender, Women’s and Sexuality Studies program there.
Professsor Greenwald received the AWM Service Award in 2018 for her work on the Executive Committee and as Associate Editor of the AWM newsletter.
She was part of the cast in 'Futurama': Bite My Shiny Metal X and served as a consultant on Flatland: The Movie.
She taught for a number of years at Victoria College, Belfast, moving to the Princess Gardens School in 1948 going on to become head of the department of modern languages.
A tapered double-clad fiber (T-DCF) is a double-clad optical fiber which is formed using a specialised fiber drawing process, in which temperature and pulling forces are controlled to form a taper along the length of the fiber.
By using pre-clad fiber preforms both the fiber core and the inner and outer cladding layers vary in diameter and thickness along the full length of the fiber.
This tapering of the fiber enables the combination of the characteristics of conventional 8–10 µm diameter double-clad single-mode fibers to propagate light in fundamental mode with those of larger diameter (50–100 µm) double-clad multi-mode fibers used for optical amplification and lasing.
The result is improved maintenance of pulse fidelity compared to conventional consistent diameter fiber amplifiers.By virtue of the large cladding diameter T-DCF can be pumped by optical sources with very poor brightness factor such as laser diode bars or even VECSELs matrices, significantly reducing the cost of fiber lasers/amplifiers.
The T-DCF amplifier was first conceived and demonstrated at Tampere University in the research group of Professor Oleg Okhotnikov in 2008.
The technology was granted a patent in 2013 as a means to overcome the nonlinear optical effects which previously limited the power-scaling of fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers.
Increasing the diameter of a cylindrical optical fiber amplfiers generally increases the level of non-linear effects such as stimulated Brillouin scattering.
The result forming a tapered geometry double-clad fiber is that the light introduced into the thin end propagates in a wide core without changing the mode content.
Consequently, the use of T-DCF for optical amplification in a multi-mode fiber maintains good beam quality by elevating the thresholds of stimulation of non-linear effects including Brillouin and Raman scattering and spontaneous emission.
Using tapered fiber with thick end core diameters of up to 200 µm with a 0.11 numerical aperture and record peak power and energy amplification levels 60 ps pulses with 300 µJ energy free of non-linear distortions have been reported.
The double-clad structure of the fiber means the core can be pumped with higher-power than could be propagated in the fiber.
The absorption and conversion of pump light per unit length is increased in the tapered fiber compared to cylindrical fibers with similar levels of active ion doping.
This is due to the improved clad mode mixing and the higher absorption at the thicker end of the taper due to the much thicker cladding which also means the rare earth ion dopants are beneficially concentrated at the wide end of a T-DCF, since the geometry defines their presence as directly proportional to the square of the diameter.
This higher absorption enables amplification of ultrafast lasers by very short amplifiers only tens of centimeters long, providing high fidelity ultrashort pulse amplification.
The preform production for special high power fibers (microstructured rod type fibers, 3C or LCF fibers) involves complex technology and strict structural requirements.
Simple production techniques of varying of the drawing speed during the pulling process leads to the fiber diameter changing along its length.
Born in Zwickau, Breig studied Protestant sacred music at the Spandauer Kirchenmusikschule from 1950 and musicology, art history and library science at the universities Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Hamburg from 1955.
He worked as research assistant at the musicological seminar of the University of Freiburg and received a scholarship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for further studies.
In 1974 he became professor for musicology at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe and director of the musicological institute of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
His work focuses on the analysis and edition of compositions of the 17th and 18th centuries, including Johann Sebastian Bach and especially Heinrich Schütz.
The Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines was campaign of Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland (commonly known as Chetniks) sabotage of Axis communication lines, mostly along the rivers Morava, Vardar and Danube, to obstruct transport of German war material through Serbia to Thessaloniki and further to Libya during Western Desert campaign.
After initial support to Mihailovićs Chetniks tactics used against Axis forces in Serbia, since the closing of Summer 1942 the British started to believe that such actions were not enough.
On the other hand, the German command decided that such actions were enough for them to make decision to annihilate Chetniks.
The British General Harold Alexander sent personal telegram to Draža Mihailović before the offensive against Rommel in Africa, requesting him to organize a large-scale campaign against Axis lines of communication in order to obstruct transport of German war material through Serbia to Thessaloniki and further to Libya.
Mihailović wanted to keep British confidence in Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland, which was bound to strain because tacit cooperation with Italians, Mihailović decided to engage his forces in German occupied Serbia in a sabotage campaign against German railway transports.
The sabotage actions against railway was the least risky and could prove to the Allies that Chetniks are able to create diversions in the German rear in case of Allied invasion to Balkans.
The Chetniks launched campaign of attacks on Axis railways, mostly to important Belgrade-Niš-Thessaloniki railway over which Axis forces moved big quantities of ware materials for transshipment from Thessaloniki to African front.
The Chetnik sabotage of railways began on 31 April 1942 when Captain Lazović ordered all commanders of brigades to establish groups of four people who work on railway to work for Chetniks and who will take out fuel, food and arms from trains.
Many of the railway workers were informants of Mihailovic and informed him about important supply deliveries or important movement of German troops.
In May 1942 Mihailović demanded heavy explosives from the British command to be used for destruction of the German supply lines running through Serbia and Aegean to German troops in North Africa.
On 26 August Mihailović sent instructions to Major Radoslav Đurić to organize diversion teams of three men for sabotage actions on the railway between Vranje and Belgrade.
According to text published in the Atlantic magazine, the German forces lost 15% of their war supplies because of the sabotage campaign of Mihailović's Chetniks during the Summer of 1942.
On 20 September 1942 Slobodan Jovanović, the president of the Yugoslav Government in Exile informed Mihailović about the request of General Alexander, British commander in the Middle East, that Chetniks should attack Axis communication lines and do another favor to Allied cause.
On 25 September 1942 Jovanović sent another message to General Mihailović with request to sabotage Axis transports of war material toward Thessaloniki, emphasizing that it is of vital interest for Allied cause.
On 6 November Jovanović sent another message to General Mihailović, emphasizing that British side recognizes Chetnik successful actions until then and the scale of reprisals this actions caused.
Jovanović further informed Mihailović that British side requested from Chetniks to double their efforts underlining that it would be most direct and most useful contribution to struggle of Allied forces in Africa.
After his arrival to Chetnik HQ, Bailey decided to reinforce British missions to Chetniks with well trained military sappers who could help Chetniks to be more effective in sabotaging German lines of communications.
Of the 362 locomotives that operated on the railway line Belgrade-Niš-Thessaloniki the Chetniks reported that 112 out of action by December 1942.
A member of American mission John Jock from Chicago was assigned to Avala Corps of Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland, also of Yugoslav descent, who was main organizer for of sabotages on the railway Belgrade-Nis and Belgrade-Raska-Kosovska Mitrovica.
In his post-war memoirs Chetnik officer Radomir Petrović Kent emphasized that Chetnik Boljevac Brigade under his command conducted 40 diversions on railway used for German transports to Rommels forces during the battle in Africa.
Based on the British requests headquarters of the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland ordered their forces to prepare to sabotage the railways in German occupied Serbia.
Following on from these orders, Dragutin Keserović who was a commander of Rasina Corps issued a general direction urging peasants in his area of operations to hide grain, livestock and fodder from the occupying forces.
Based on the agreement between Draža Mihailović and Colonel William Bailey who was head of British Liason Officers at Chetnik HQ, nine British sub-missions that had their own separate radio communication with SOE base in Cairo were transported by airplanes and parachuted to headquarters of various Chetnik Corps since April 1943.
The first mission under command of Major Eric Greenwood was parachuted to Homolje in HQ of Krajina Corps under command of Velimir Piletić and second group of two officers, Major Jasper Rootem and New Zealand Colonel Edgar Hargreeves joined them on 21 May 1943.
They participated in attack of Chetniks of Krajina Corps on German boats on Danube and other acts of sabotage of German railway transports trough Serbia.
Mihailović could not believe that British and Americans could support Communists against him so he continued to act as part of the Allies and stepped up anti-German sabotage in the second half of 1943.
The reason for attacking German boats on Danube in October 1943 in village Boljetin in Đerdap was to sink them and to block this important transport route for Axis forces.
On 1 December 1942 Mihalovic received a greeting from the Chief of the British Imperial General Staff Alan Brooke who expressed his felecitations for the wonderful undertaking of the Yugoslav Army.
Historian Milazzo emphasize that Yugoslav Government in Exile and Mihailović as its member did not want to subject the people of Serbia to German reprisals, like those in 1941, so the sabotage campaign was shortlived after being initiated only in early August 1942.
Even during 1944, when communists were repeatedly attacking Chetniks mostly with arms and supplies they received from Allies or with their support, the Chetniks sabotaged German communications, engaged in smaller battles and rescued Allied airmen shot down in Yugoslavia.
Because of the Chetnik sabotage campaign Germans decided to settle accounts once for all with Mihailovićs Chetniks, while on the other hand British command expected more of it.
Hitler blamed Chetniks in Serbia for his defeat in Africa and issued an order for complete annihilation of all Chetnik forces also sent to Mussolini in a letter on 16 February 1943.
The post war Yugoslav sources published information about negotiations between Chetniks and Germans who insisted that Chetniks should cease struggle and sabotage actions against German forces and their allies as precondition for eventual agreement.
She has won six Asian table tennis titles in both singles and team events along with Gu Gai, Zhang Bian and Zhou Ying.
The film was a success, it had the biggest opening weekend at the Irish box office of any Irish film in 2016.
Lilium brownii is a species of lily native to Mainland China, Hong Kong, Kinmen and Matsu Islands as well as northern and central Vietnam and Kachin of Myanmar.
Ram is an upcoming Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film written and directed by Jeethu Joseph and produced by Abhishek Films and Passion Studios.
The film stars Mohanlal in the title role, Trisha as the female lead, with Indrajith Sukumaran, Adil Hussain, Durga Krishnan and Saikumar appears in supporting roles.
In September 2019, it was reported that Mohanlal and Trisha will be starring in Jeethu's high-budget thriller produced by Chennai-based Abhishek Films, which is to be shot in India and abroad, with filming set to begin in November, lasting 100 days.
A pooja function for the film and a press meet was held on 16 December 2019, where the film's title was revealed.
The music for the film is being composed by debutant Vishnu Shyam, with lyrics for the songs written by Vinayak Sasikumar.
The Château de la Motte Husson is currently owned by Dick Strawbridge and his wife Angela, and is the setting for the popular Channel Four programe Escape to the Chateau.
It consisted of a kitchen, cellar, 4 or 5 bedrooms per top, attic above, a chapel, a portal where there is a drawbridge, a bedroom on the said portal, a dovecote, on the whole, covered with slates, behind a small courtyard, ditches and moats around the courtyards, a kennel near the gate.
The current façade is reflective of the efforts of Countess Louise-Dorothée Baglion de la Dufferie (1826–1902), who told her husband that she wanted a grand residence built on the site of the fort.
The new structure would be flanked by two large towers, known as 'pepper shakers' and with a double-ramped staircase, five floors and 47 rooms with separate private suites for Master and Lady, with servant quarters on the second floor and attic space.
The Château is surrounded by the old square moats, with a Walled Garden, Stable-block, an Orangery, and 12 acres of parkland.
Interestingly, Countess Louise-Dorothée Baglion de la Dufferie main residence was near Nantes, a hundred miles to the South West, and the family decided to spend winters in the milder maritime climate, with the Chateau serving as a summer retreat for the family.
Latterly Guy de Baglion de la Dufferie had received the bare title to it from Xavier Marie Octave, Count de Baglion de la Dufferie and his wife, Elisabeth Marie Joseph Marthe Charlotte Treton de Vaujuas de Langan in 1954, as a part of a dowry.
In 2015, the estate was sold by Baglion de la Dufferie family to British television presenter Dick Strawbridge and his (then) partner Angela for £280,000.
Over the past 5 years, the couple, along with children, Arthur and Dorothy (and Angela parents) have lovingly restored the property and the outlining buildings with the help of friends and family.
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1987 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb on 14 and 15 July 1987.
Marcus Joshua Carr (born June 6, 1999) is a Canadian college basketball player for the Minnesota Golden Gophers of the Big Ten Conference.
In 2015, he won the Ontario All-Catholic Classic and was named most valuable player (MVP) after scoring 16 points in the final.
As a senior, he averaged 9.1 points, 3.5 rebounds and 3.7 assists per game, playing on the same team as the top recruit in the 2018 class, RJ Barrett.
His team, which was ranked among the best in the country, achieved a 26–5 record and a runners-up finish at High School Nationals.
Carr was a three-star recruit and chose to play for Pittsburgh over offers from Cincinnati, Houston and Virginia Tech, among others.
As a true freshman, he played in all 32 of Pitt's games with 27 starts and averaged 10.0 points, 4.0 assists and 2.8 rebounds per game.
Carr announced that he would be leaving the program after head coach Kevin Stallings was fired at the end of the season in which the Panthers finished a disappointing 8-24.
Carr sat out one year due to NCAA transfer rules after his request for a waiver that would allow him to play immediately was denied.
After recovering from a major knee injury, Carr was not invited to training camp for the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship.
Carr's older brother, Duane Notice, played college basketball for South Carolina and helped the Gamecocks reach the final four round of the 2017 NCAA Tournament.
Philo Clark Calhoun (December 4, 1810 – March 21, 1882) was an American industrialist, banker, and politician who served as president of the Fourth National Bank of New York.
His paternal grandparents were the former Tabitha Clark and Dr. John Calhoun of Washington, Connecticut, a member of the Committee of Inspection in 1775 and a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1782.
When he was sixteen years old, he went to Bridgeport, Connecticut to become an apprentice with Lyon, Wright & Co., a saddle and harness business.
After he finished his term of service, his employer sent him to Charleston, South Carolina as assistant manager of the firm there.
In 1838, the firm name was changed to Lyon, Calhoun & Co. After Lyon's retirement from the business, his interest was purchased by Henry K. Harral, the mayor of Bridgeport and the firm name was changed to Harral, Calhoun & Co. although Calhoun essentially ran the entire business.
In 1875, upon the dissolution of Hoover, Calhoun & Co., he established the Peters and Calhoun Manufacturing Company, a stock company for the manufacture of saddlery in Newark, New Jersey in which he was the controlling owner with an office at 691 Broadway in New York.
He also served as a director of the Farragut Fire Insurance Co., treasurer of the Central Coal Co., and trustee of the mortgagees of several railroad companies.
In 1852, he became Alderman and in 1855, he himself was elected mayor of Bridgeport by a heavy majority, serving as the Democratic mayor until 1858.
He remained president of that bank until January 1864 when the Fourth National Bank of New York was formed and he was made vice president.
After a weeks illness, Calhoun died of pneumonia at 152 Madison Avenue, his residence in New York City, on March 21, 1882.
The Battle of Imbrinium was fought in 325 BC during the Second Samnite War between the Roman Republic, led by the magister equitum, Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus (acting without the permission of the dictator Lucius Papirius Cursor) and the Samnites near Imbrinium, a city in Samnium.
In 325 BC, Lucius Papirius Cursor, a distinguished soldier, was appointed dictator for the purpose of continuing the war against the Samnites after the consul Lucius Furius Camillus fell ill that same year.
The other consul for that year, Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva, was preoccupied with a campaign against the Vestini.<br>After consulting with keeper of the sacred chickens, Cursor decided to leave for Rome in order take the auspices before battle, ordering Rullianus to maintain the army's position while he was gone.
After reports from his scouts claiming that the Samnites were unprepared for battle, Rullianus decided to go against his orders and engage the enemy.
After many unsuccessful attempts by the cavalry to break the enemy lines, Lucius Cominius, a military tribune, suggested that the cavalrymen remove the bridles from their horses and charge quickly towards the enemy lines.
Rullianus's army took many spoils from the battle, but the magister equitum ordered that all of the enemy's arms be burned, likely out of spite for Cursor, who he feared would attempt to take credit for the victory.
Rullianus sent a dispatch to the senate, and Cursor was infuriated by the news, claiming that Rullianus had disrespected the traditional office of dictator.
She represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's 1500 metres T11 event.
The episodic series depicts a variety of comedic scenarios, typically wherein Tatsu's banal domestic work as a househusband is juxtaposed against his intimidating personality and appearance, and his frequent run-ins with former yakuza associates and rivals.
In North America, Viz Media announced it had acquired the rights to publish an English-language translation of the series in February 2019, the first volume of which was published in September of that year.
The videos feature Kenjiro Tsuda as the voice of Tatsu, Kenichi Suzumura as the voice of Masa, and Yoshimasa Hosoya as the voice of Torajiro.
The video stars Tsuda reprising his role as Tatsu and Maaya Sakamoto as Miku, and is co-directed by Tsuda and Hayato Yazaki.
The first volume of the English-language translation of the series placed sixteenth in Nielsen BookScan's best-selling graphic novels for adults in September 2019.
Khaw Soo Cheang (1797-1882), other name Khaw Teng Hai, Kor Su Jiang, was born in Xiayu Township, Longxi County of Zhangzhou, China (present-day Longhai City).
He was appointed governor of Ranong province in 1854 and given the princely title of Phraya Na Ranong by the royal family.
The 2019–20 División de Honor is the 66th season of the top flight of the Spanish domestic rugby union competition since its inception in 1970.
The División de Honor season takes place between September and March, with every team playing each other home and away for a total of 22 matches.
The six teams with the highest number of points at the end of 22 rounds of matches play the championship playoffs.
The top two teams win a semifinal birth automatically, while the next four teams play off to take the remaining two spots.
The club which finishes bottom is relegated, while the club that finishes 11th goes into a playoff with a team from División de Honor B.
The bottom team in the standings is relegated to División de Honor B, while the team finishing 11th play the relegation playoff.
It was a quadrangular series between India A women, India B women, Bangladesh women and Thailand women, with the matches played as women's T20 format.
Charlie Parker's Yardbird is an opera with music by Swiss-American composer Daniel Schnyder and an English-language libretto by Bridgette A. Wimberly.
The opera concerns the jazz icon Charlie Parker, his tumultuous life and his relationships; it is also about America, its music, its opioid crisis, and its racial inequality.
The original production featured direction by Ron Daniels, set design by Riccardo Hernandez, costume design by Emily Rebholz, lighting design by Scott Zielinski.
It has also been performed at Madison Opera (February 2017), Lyric Opera of Chicago (March 2017), Hackney Empire and English National Opera (June 2017), Atlanta Opera (September 2018), Arizona Opera (November 2018); upcoming productions include Seattle Opera and New Orleans Opera Association.
This one-act opera features roles based on real-life figures Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Pannonica de Koenigswarter, Chan Parker, and Charlie Parker's wives and mother.
The opera does not purport to depict actual events as they occurred or statements, beliefs, or opinions of the persons depicted.
Panicking about the scandal that will ensue when his body is found in her rooms, Nica finds his spirit at Birdland.
She wants Chan, Charlie's wife, to identify his body; but Charlie begs Nica not to tell Chan where he is, to keep his secret for a while, until he has time to compose a masterpiece.
Rebecca, Charlie's first wife, joins Addie in a lament about the challenges of being a wife and mother to black males in the United States.
Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.
In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role.
Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.
In two days, a Fairmile could have it's weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.
i/c., Gaspé), 71st Motor Launch Flotilla with her captain Lt James Raoul Jenner, (RCNVR) listed as the Senior Officer of the flotilla.
UN Trans Advocacy Week is an annual week-long transgender advocacy conference that takes place at the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva.
The first UN Trans Advocacy Week was held in 2017 and was organized as a joint initiative of the Asia Pacific Transgender Network (APTN), Global Action for Trans Equality (GATE); the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA); the Swedish Federation for LGBTQ Rights (RFSL), and Transgender Europe (TGEU).
The Advocacy Week was created after trans activists’ participated in the Public Consultation called by the UN Independent Expert on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) in January 2017.
The second annual UN Trans Advocacy Week was led by 23 trans and gender diverse human rights defenders from 19 countries.
As of 2019, official rules of the Chinese Academy of Engineering stipulate that elections are held every two years in odd-numbered years.
Academicians younger than 80 in the election year have the right to nominate a maximum of three candidates and vote for new academicians.
Each candidate needs three nominations to qualify, at least two of which must be from academicians in the same division as the candidate.
Well known foreign members include Nobel Prize laureates Barry Marshall and Satoshi Ōmura, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, Turing Award winner Raj Reddy, and Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate I. M. Pei.
In 2001, 81 new members were elected to the Chinese Academy of Engineering, separated into eight academic divisions (the Division of Engineering Management was added this year).
In 2007, 32 new members were elected to the Chinese Academy of Engineering, divided into 9 academic divisions (Agriculture was separated from Light Industry and Environmental Engineering).
It is headed by the Apostolic Nuncio, a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See, who represents the interests of the Holy See to Church officials, the government, and civil society in Azerbaijan.
Katherine (Kathy) Williams Phillips (1972 - January 15, 2020) was an American academic, the Reuben Mark Professor of Organizational Character at Columbia University's Business School.
Phillips was known for her research into diversity in the workplace, demonstrating that diversity on teams leads to greater innovation and creativity.
She married fellow Stanford graduate and Columbia Business School professor Damon Phillips, the Lambert Family Professor of Social Enterprise at Columbia.
UFC 250 is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on May 9, 2020 at Ginásio do Ibirapuera in São Paulo, Brazil.
While not officially announced by the organization, a UFC Bantamweight Championship bout between the current champion Henry Cejudo and former WEC Featherweight Champion and former two-time champion José Aldo has been targeted for the event and could serve as the event headliner.
The Journal of Human Rights is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering human rights studies and practices, and natural and legal rights in context of national and international law, and international relations.
It is published by Routledge on behalf of the American Political Science Association and the International Studies Association (both members of the Human Rights Section), and the American Anthropological Association.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Social Sciences Citation Index, Current Contents, EBSCO databases, PsycINFO, and Scopus.
It was expanded to a design by Aston Webb in 1899 in such a way that the building extended right back to New Street.
After services had been transferred to Queen's Hospital, the aging infirmary closed in 1993; the buildings were demolished in 1994 and the site was redeveloped for residential use.
The 2019 Mountain West Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Mountain West Conference held from November through November 9, 2019.
The San Jose State Spartans were the defending champions, but were unable to defend their title, losing to the New Mexico Lobos 1–0 in the first round.
Boise State was the regular season champions two years in a row, but 2019 was the first time they converted that into a tournament title.
Chaudhary Bharat Singh (born in Nilothi Village, Delhi) was ex-councillor of Delhi for 4 terms and former member of parliament in the 8th Lok Sabha (1984-1989) from the Outer Delhi constituency, which was one of the largest constituencies not only in Delhi but also in the country.
He won the Councillor’s election on Congress (I) ticket given in 1977 interestingly even Indira Gandhi had lost her seat in that election.
In 1962, he went to the National Art Schools (Cuba) where he studied with Alicia Perea Maza (piano), and Federico Smith (composition).
At a later time he continued his training at the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory with professors Margot Rojas (piano) and Carmen Valdés (music theory).
Carlos Malcolm toured through different countries, such as Mexico (1979-1981), Jamaica (1980) y Canada (1986), where he interpreted his own works.
While he stayed in Warsaw during years 1987, 1988 and 1989, he met the famous composer Iannis Xenakis, who exerted a great influence in his style.
Malcolm has utilized diverse contemporary music techniques, such as aleatorism in his Studies for piano (1963) and his Adagio for four hands (1974), as well as dodecaphonism and serialism in Articulaciones (1970).
He won two medals at the 2015 World Championships: the gold medal in the men's discus throw F57 event and the bronze medal in the men's shot put F57 event.
Two years later at the 2017 World Championships he also won two medals: the silver medal in the men's shot put F57 event and the bronze medal in the men's discus throw F57 event.
The work was a dual narrative describing the life of a fictional woman of Grand Pré, Nova Scotia who lived through the Acadian Expulsion and a modern day woman's struggle with her Acadian identity.
She later discovered that she was a direct descendant of Jeanne Dugas and her husband Pierre Bois, who were one of the founding families of Chéticamp, Nova Scotia.
She also discovered that when Bishop Joseph-Octave Plessis had visited Chéticamp in 1812 he had interviewed Dugas, and recorded the places she and her family encountered before their arrival in Chéticamp.
Guided by this road map, census information, and various histories, church records, and contemporary journals Cohoon was able to create a work of historical fiction outlining the difficult life of an Acadian woman in the time of the British deportation campaigns and beyond.
Cohoon's work helped to gain further recognition for Dugas, which led to her being named a Person of National Historic Significance by the Canadian government in 2016.
James V. Scott is an ordained minister in the United Church of Canada, known for his work on reforming Canada's penal system through collaborative and restorative justice, as well as on the truth and reconciliation process with Indigenous peoples in Canada.
As the United Church General Officer for Implementation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, he was tasked with implementing the Apologies issued by the United Church regarding its role in the Canadian Indian residential school system, as well as representing the United Church in discussions on the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.
He then pursued a Master of Divinity at Emmanuel College, Toronto in the University of Toronto, graduating 3 years later in 1976.
In 1985, an effort to reverse the 1976 abolition of the death penalty in Canada motivated Scott to coordinate a national campaign in opposition to the death penalty, which he ran until 1987 when the attempt was defeated in the Parliament of Canada.
In 1998, Scott became the founding project coordinator of the Collaborative Justice Project in Ottawa, which promotes the use of restorative justice techniques in response to serious crimes.
In addition to his work on collaborative and restorative justice, Scott has worked extensively on the Truth and Reconciliation process within the United Church of Canada.
From 2003 until 2015, he was the General Council Officer for Residential Schools for The United Church of Canada, with the mandate of carrying out the Apologies issued by the United Church in 1986 and 1998.
In this capacity he was involved in both the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.
Scott's work has been cited in academic studies of the Truth and Reconciliation process, and in official reports on its findings.
In May 2017, he received an honorary doctorate from the United Theological College in Montreal, awarded for work relating to the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement.
In December 2019, Scott was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, which is the second highest rank in the second highest order for merit among the orders, decorations, and medals of Canada.
Originally created in 2003 by Graeme Sweet, 010 Editor was designed to fix problems in large multibeam bathymetry datasets used in ocean visualization.
When 010 Editor executes a Binary Template on a binary data file, each variable defined in the Binary Template is mapped to a set of bytes in the binary file and added to a hierarchial tree structure.
The tree structure can then be used to view and edit data in the binary file in an easier fashion than using the raw hex bytes.
When a binary file is opened in 010 Editor and a Binary Template exists for the file, the software can automatically download and install the Template.
Data files in 010 Editor are stored as a series of blocks, where each block can either point to a block of data somewhere on disk or in memory.
When a large section of data from a binary file is copied to another binary file, a new block pointer is inserted into the file but the actual data is not copied.
Currently when large text blocks are opened or copied the data is scanned for linefeeds, meaning there may be a delay before editing can resume.
It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, ribbed flower buds in groups of seven or nine, creamy white flowers and glaucous, hemispherical to cylindrical or cup-shaped fruit.
The adult leaves are lance-shaped, the same shade of dull green to bluish on both sides, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven or nine on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are creamy white and the fruit is a woody, glaucous, hemispherical to cylindrical or cup-shaped capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level.
This mallet grows on flats around dry salt lakes and clay pans or below breakaways, sometimes in pure stands near the north-eastern margin of the wheatbelt in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Mallee and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.
Georgi Kutoyan (; 30 September 1981 – 17 January 2020) was an Armenian lawyer and director of the National Security Service (NSS) of Armenia between 2016 and 2018.
From 1998 to 2000 he received his military training at the Department of Military Training at Rostov State University in Russia with the program of training of reserve officers.
2002 – 2010, Lecturer at the Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University, the Academy of Public Administration of Armenia and the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia.
2006 – 2007, Senior Advisor to the Human Rights Defender of Armenia, and in 2008-2010 – the Chief Legal Adviser of the Human Rights Defender of Armenia.
2011 – 2014, Chairman of the Monitoring Committee on the Implementation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy at the Anti-Corruption Council established by the RA Presidential Decree.
On February 12, 2016, by the decree of the President of Armenia, he was appointed Director of the National Security Service at the Government of Armenia.
On May 10, 2018, by the decree of Armenian President Armen Sarkissian, he was relieved of the post of Director of the National Security Service.
On January 17, 2020, Kutoyan's body was found in one of the apartments of Paruyr Sevak Street in Yerevan with a gunshot wound.
The Monument to José de Anchieta in La Laguna, Tenerife, is a monumental statue of Joseph of Anchieta by Bruno Giorgi.
The monumental sculpture is dedicated to Joseph of Anchieta, who was born in La Laguna in 1534, before going to Brazil as a missionary in 1553.
The creation of the monument was promoted by a pro-monument commission of the Ayuntamiento of La Laguna, at the prompting of Celso Ferreira da Cunha in the late 1950s.
It was inaugurated on 27 November 1960 at the Brazil roundabout in La Laguna, popularly known as Padre Anchieta roundabout, above the Autopista TF-5.
In the 2000s, the roundabout was again reformed, with the creation of a tunnel for the TF-5 and the construction of a new roundabout on top of the tunnel.
In 2013, complaints were made about the statue being hidden by flora, which was later trimmed back, and that it was not illuminated at night.
, it is possible that the monument will move again to permit additional works at the roundabout, which will create an elevated pedestrian walkway, to a new square to be created in the parking lot of the Faculty of Biology.
The following year, he became a professor at the University of Applied Arts Vienna, where he worked until his retirement in 1998.
The 2020 Northeast Conference Women's Basketball Tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Northeast Conference for the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
Lorenzo Lee-Jae Wright (born February 11, 1989), better known by his stage name Big Lean is a Canadian rapper and songwriter from Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Lean began making music in 2008, two years after his friend and rapper Blits was shot dead as he felt that he should carry on his friends legacy.
Lean has stated that his mother was very supportive in life and told him that he can achieve anything he put his mind too.
During his high school years, Wright was recruited in a top-level basketball program, the Scarborough Basketball Association, however, he dropped out due to financial problems.
A person Lean describes as a major influence in his life, stating that he never smoked marijuana because of his older brother.
Big Lean began making music at the age of 19, two years after his friend and rapper Blits was shot dead as he felt that he should carry on his friends legacy.
The song peaked at number 7 on the Billboard charts on February 25, 2017, and a music video released on March 1, 2017.
His mother explains that he should quickly have dinner and then go to bed because his siblings are all already asleep.
After Lasse took off the glasses, Aunt Lotte explained that he had seen that all children have to sleep in the evening.
Cromme adds even though there are only mothers who bring their children to bed, there is a girl who is faster than her brothers and behaves smartly and confidently.
According to Maria Nikolajeva and Carole Scott the illustrations by Nordenskjöld and Wikland give totally different impressions of the books, but are both rich in detail.
Sabine Mosch believes that Astrid Lindgren wrote with a lot of heart and understanding for the children and also for the annoyed parents.
The 2019–20 North Texas Mean Green men's basketball team represented the University of North Texas during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
Calkin received his bachelor's degree from Columbia University in 1933 and his master's degree in 1934 and Ph.D. in 1937 from Harvard University.
At the Institute for Advanced Study, Calkin was a research assistant for the academic year 1937–1938 (working with Oswald Veblen and von Neumann) and in the first eight months of 1942.
From 1938 to 1942 he was an assistant professor at the University of New Hampshire and then at Chicago's Illinois Institute of Technology.
During the late 1930s and early 1940s he wrote several important papers on operator theory and its applications to partial differential equations.
He later taught at the Rice Institute (renamed Rice University in 1960), before he returned in 1949 to Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory as a member of the theoretical division.
Upon his death he was survived by his widow, Emilienne Calkin (1922–2000), and his son, Brant Calkin (born 1934), from a previous marriage (to Eileen Calkin).
Diaguely Dabo (born 26 August 1992) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English League Two club Stevenage.
He made his debut the following day, playing the whole 90 minutes in the club's 4–0 away victory at Cambridge United.
Kiser Lake (previously also known as Mosquito Lake) is a reservoir in Champaign County, Ohio located approximately northwest of St. Paris and north of Dayton along Ohio State Route 235, at ..
The community of Grandview Heights sits on the southern shore of the lake, the Kiser Lake Wetlands State Nature Preserve at the headwaters on the southeastern edge, and the Kiser Lake State Park surrounds the rest of the lake to the north.
Mosquito Lake was first created in 1840, when a damn was built across Mosquito Creek in the low, swampy region of Champaign County known as Mosquito Creek Valley to build a grist and saw mill.
In 1932, John W. Kiser and his family owned the land and donated several hundred acres to the State of Ohio to rebuild the lake for recreational purposes.
In 1939 work on the dam started, and in 1940, all work was completed on the dam and Kiser Lake was filled.
He played in three matches for the United States cricket team in the 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in Jersey.
It is controversial partly because of the associations in the United States with the far right and politics of the Republican party.
Clough's tenure as manager started badly, with defeat in the Charity Shield Match against Liverpool in which Billy Bremner and Kevin Keegan were sent off for fighting.
Armfield took Revie's ageing team to the final of the 1974–75 European Cup, in which they were defeated by Bayern Munich under controversial circumstances.
Assisted by coach Don Howe, Armfield rebuilt Revie's team, and though it no longer dominated English football, Leeds finished 5th in the 1975–76 season and 10th in 1976–77.
System 7 Napoleonics is a miniatures line and rules system for tabletop miniatures wargaming published by Game Designers' Workshop in 1978.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
Following a playing career with the University of Idaho Vandals, where he set three career marks as a running back, he became a college football coach.
He has worked as a coach for programs including Purdue University, University of Louisville, the University of Idaho, the University of Washington, and the University of Arkansas.
He joined the NFL coaching staff of the New Orleans Saints in 2015, where he has remained their running backs coach.
Following what was at the time assumed to be a career ending injury to his knee during a 1997 game against the Air Force Falcons, he ultimately returned once again to play in his senior season.
He graduated in 1998, and set the Vandals career records of 3,929 rushing yards, 51 rushing touchdowns and 765 rush attempts.
Over his college career he was twice selected as a first-team All-Big West running back, and in 1998 he was named Big West Player of the Year.
He helped lead the Vandal to a victory over Southern Miss that year’s Humanitarian Bowl, receiving the Humanitarian Award following the game.
He was then the co-offensive coordinator and running backs coach for his alma mater the University of Idaho between 2004 to 2005, before returning to Purdue as the running backs coach from 2006 to 2008.
Thomas then worked as the running backs coach for the Washington Huskies between 2009 and 2012, where he coached a 1000-yard rusher in each season.
In 2013 Thomas became the running backs coach for the University of Arkansas, a position he held through the 2014 season.
He also brings a strong background of recruiting in Texas and Dallas specifically, which is a valuable area for us to have a presence.” During his final year with the Razorbacks, Arkansas defeated the Texas Longhorns in the 2014 Texas Bowl.
In 2015 Thomas joined the coaching staff of the New Orleans Saints as the running backs coach, having previously done a training camp internship with the Saints in 2012.
The boys' individual normal hill/6 km Nordic combined competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 18 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre, France.
Her father held a number of positions as organists in Dublin, finally at Chapel Royal, Dublin Castle where he remained until his death in 1907.
Zulma R. Toro is an American academic administrator who has served as the president of Central Connecticut State University since January of 2017.
Initially interested in become a lawyer like her uncle, Toro decided on pursuing a degree in an engineering-related field to appease her father.
She earned a bachelor of science degree in industrial engineering from the University of Puerto Rico, followed by a master of science in industrial and operations engineering from the University of Michigan.
Prior to joining CCSU, Toro served as the executive vice chancellor and provost of the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Dean of the Wichita State University College of Engineering, Dean of the Tagliatela College of Engineering at the University of New Haven, and chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez.
Toro became the 13th President of Central Connecticut State University in January of 2017, the first female and Latino to serve in the role.
The girls' individual normal hill/4 km Nordic combined competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 18 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre, France.
Adam Jarosław Kułach (born 10 January 1965, in Lubliniec) is a Polish diplomat; ambassador of Poland to Saudi Arabia (2004–2010) and ambassador of the European Union to Saudi Arabia (2012–2016) and Djibouti (since 2016).
He studies also at the Polish Institute of International Affairs (Foreign Service Post-Graduate Studies, 1992), and University of Warsaw (Post-Graduate Studies in Law & Economy of European Communities, 1992; Post-Graduate Management Studies, 2001).
He was junior desk officer for Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia at the Department of Africa, Asia, Australia & South Sea Islands.
From 1993 to 1999 he was Second and then First Secretary as well as Consul at the Embassy of Poland in Tripoli.
For next four years he held the post of desk officer for Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, reaching the rank of Minister-counselor.
He returned to the MFA, being responsible for relations with Arab countries and Iran as deputy director of the Department of Africa and the Middle East; since February 2012 he was director of the Department.
From October 2012 do September 2016 he was in Saudi Arabia, this time as an ambassador of the European Union, accredited also to Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and since 2016 the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
In 2013, he received Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta for creating Polish policy towards the Middle East after the Arab Spring.
He represented Iran at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F55 event.
He won two medals at the 2017 World Championships: the silver medal in the men's javelin throw F54 event and the bronze medal in the men's shot put F55 event.
This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by airplay on 31 country music stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS.
A song is declared recurrent if it has been on the chart longer than 30 weeks and is lower than number 20 in rank.
in American Studies from New York University, and has lived in New York since 1988 with his wife, poet Elaine Equi.
In the late 16th century, it was introduced to Japan, probably from Korea via the port of Hakata (the old name of Fukuoka), and therefore named ハカタユリ (Hakata lily) in Japanese.
However, there is another story in which the lily was gifted by a Chinese man to a Japanese woman in Hakata.
His activities of artistic nature commenced in 2001 which was followed by obtaining a license from Ministry of Islamic Cuidance & Culture and starting the operations at 21 Centary Cinematic, Cultural & Artistic Institue in 2002.
His activity in karate was started in 1979 at Academy of Karate on Takht-e-Tavoos ( Motahari) Ave supervised by his master, Alireza Soleimani who continued supervising his practice at Payam, 22 Bahman , Shintu and Unknown Martyers clubs after the academy had been closed in 1980.
At the start of the Civil War, he became lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Missouri and led the regiment at Pea Ridge.
In 1846, he volunteered to fight in the Mexican-American War, first serving in Company F of the 1st Missouri St. Louis Legion.
The militiamen presented Laiboldt with a custom sword and scabbard, of which the scabbard survives in the Missouri Civil War Museum.
At the start of the Atlanta Campaign, Laiboldt commanded the 2nd Missouri which was assigned to Francis T. Sherman's 1st Brigade, John Newton's 2nd Division, Oliver Otis Howard's IV Corps.
After two hours of skirmishing, Wheeler's Confederates drove Laiboldt's skirmishers within the fortifications, which were atop a hill east of the railroad depot.
In the Second Battle of Dalton, Laiboldt commanded 288 fit men and 94 convalescents from the 2nd Missouri, 52 troopers from the 7th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry, 30 wagon drivers, and 20 scouts.
The 116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment (116th RMO), is a special forces regiment belonging to the paratroopers of the Algerian land forces.
The 116th RMO was created in 2016 after the dissolution of the ex Special Intervention Group of the ex DRS the Algerian intelligence service.
However, the 116th RMO has a different status because it does not depend directly on the Algerian intelligence services as was the case for the ex-SIG, but it belongs directly to the Land Forces Command (CFT) so it is not as sensitive as the ex-SIG.
As the 116th RMO is the direct descendant of the SIG, this regiment has therefore naturally taken over the same missions as the former SIG.
So this unit is able to carry out a variety of missions but as it's a new regiment we don't have much informations about that.
Each operator is equipped with a main weapon (usually an assault rifle), a handgun and in addition to this, there are different types of grenades (fragmentation, smoke, blinding, etc.
Sharpshooters and snipers have a multitude of choices in terms of their weaponry, ranging from small and medium calibres to the large calibres used for immaterial shooting, which makes it possible to destroy light equipment, particularly with heavy calibres such as the .50 caliber.
The girls' 1000 metres in short track speed skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 18 January at the Lausanne Skating Arena.
REM: International Engineering Journal is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles across civil, geological, metallurgical, mechanical, and mining engineering.
In 1927 she married John McShain, building contractor who worked on the reconstruction of the White House and the building of the Jefferson memorial, the Pentagon, and the JFK Centre for the Performing Arts.
They gifted Innisfallen Island and the ruins of an abbey to the Irish state in 1973, bestowing guardianship of Ross Island and its castle to the state.
For a nominal fee, they turned over the entire estate to the state in 1979, stipulating a life tenancy of the house and some land, with the rest of the land being incorporated into Killarney National Park.
She was awarded two honorary doctorates in 1977, one from LaSalle University, Philadelphia and one from her alma mater, Rosemont College.
King was born in Cork City, the eldest son of Sarah King (her married and maiden name) and Joseph King (grocer and naval supplier).
He held various positions for the first 20 years of his career, including serving as a curate in counties Dublin, Londonderry and Armagh.
He was also an Irish language scholar, and authored several books in Irish, including a grammar and a reedited version of the Book of Common Prayer in Irish (1860).
In his nine first-class appearances, he scored 138 runs at an average of 9.85 and a high score of 38 not out.
He began teaching at Dulwich College in 1989, and from 2000 until his retirement in 2016, he was the college's deputy master.
Nikolay Vasilyevich Rudanovsky (, 1819 — 1882) was a Russian marine officer and explorer, notable for leading several expeditions in 1853-54 to survey and to map the southern part of Sakhalin.
His father was an officer, a participant of the War of 1812, who subsequently retired from the Army and started a civil service career.
In 1841, Rudanovsky completed naval training in Kronstadt and served for 10 years in the Baltic Fleet before being transferred in 1851 to the Kamchatka Flotilla, based in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
The commander of the Amur Expedition, Gennady Nevelskoy, assigned Rudanovsky and his people under the command of Nikolay Busse, who later became the military governor of Amur Oblast.
In September, they arrived to Sakhalin and founded Muravyovsky Post, the first Russian settlement on the island and the predecessor of the town of Korsakov.
In particular, in late 1853 and early 1854 he mapped the east coast of Aniva Bay and crossed the island to the East to the Sea of Okhotsk.
However, in 1854, the Crimean War started, and the Russian Empire was afraid that Great Britain would attack Russian settlements at the Pacific coast.
After the war, in July 1856, the military post in Due was founded, which again became the first Russian settlement on the island.
In July 1857, he was ordered to found a new settlement, Ilyinsky Post, which was abandoned in the same year but founded at the same location in 1858.
At the time, Sakhalin Island was jointly administered by Russia and Japan, however, the Russian government anticipated that it would be divided between the two, and in July 1858 Rudanovsky was ordered to survey the island and determine the location of prospective border.
It was established on 15 December 1899, providing basic local government to the rural areas around the mining town of Broad Arrow, which had already been incorporated as the Municipality of Broad Arrow in 1897.
The town of Paddington separated as the Municipality of Paddington on 14 June 1901 following agitation from disgruntled residents who felt that they were not receiving their fair proportion of board expenditure.
It absorbed the Broad Arrow township and re-absorbed Paddington on 12 August 1910, when the amalgamated Municipality of Broad Arrow-Paddington merged into the district.
It had been proposed at this time to merge the Broad Arrow Road District into the North East Coolgardie Road District based in Kanowna; however, this was abandoned following the amalgamation with the merged municipality.
It absorbed the small towns of Cane Grass, Gimlet, Ora Banda and Waverley from the Coolgardie Road District in late 1911, after complaining that the roads to these towns went through the Broad Arrow board's territory, meaning that they were spending money on these areas and receiving no revenue from it.
It ceased to exist on 7 July 1922, when it merged into the Kalgoorie Road District, becoming the Broad Arrow Ward of that district.
William Seymour, Jr. (October 2, 1818 – January 9, 1882) was an American banker who twice served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
After Phenix Bank, he founded the brokerage firm of Seymour & Hays, located at 54 Wall Street, with DeWitt C. Hays, who later became president of the Union Bank.
He was twice chosen to serve as president of the Exchange, first in 1864 until 1865, and secondly in 1870 until 1871.
He focused on stringent, comprehensive laws of the Exchange and, reportedly, it was his idea to establish a system of safety vaults under the Exchange Building.
The boys' 1000 metres in short track speed skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 18 January at the Lausanne Skating Arena.
The 1953 Coronation Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders.
It was presumably also here that he met his later Aden correspondents Yūsuf Ben Abraham (a trader and judicial functionary) and the merchant Khalaf ibn Isḥāq, along with Maḍmūn's brother-in-law Abū-Zikrī Judah ha-Kohen Sijilmāsī and Abū-Zikrī's brother-in-law Maḥrūz.
By 1132, Abraham had moved to the trading port of Mangalore in the region of India then known to Arab traders as Malabar.
A hint in a fragmentary letter from Maḍmūn to Abraham suggests that Abraham had got into difficulties with a king in Aden and that these difficulties had made his move to India expedient.
The earliest securely datable records of Abraham's life in India are a deed of manumission recording that he freed a female slave called Ashu on 17 October 1132, with a second document confirming this.
By 1135, Maḍmūn is recorded sending a gift of coral for Abraham's son Surūr, attesting that Abraham had a son by this time.
At any rate, other correspondence indicates that Abraham had a brother-in-law called Nāīr, which is thought to indicate the membership of Abraham's wife's family in the Nair community of south-west India.
Correspondence from Maḍmūn to Abraham indicates that while Abraham lived in Mangalore, he had a slave who acted as his agent on voyages back to Aden.
Goods traded by Abraham to Aden include cardamom, a delivery of which was the subject of some dispute in the surviving correspondence between Abraham and both Yūsuf ibn Abraham and Khalaf ibn Isḥāq, areca nuts, pepper, and manufactured goods such as locks and brass bowls.
His activities in Mangalore took him to the neighbouring towns of Budfattan (possibly Baliapatam), Fandarīna (Pantalayini Kollam), Dahfattan (Dharmadam) and Jurbattan (Srikandapuram).
In 1145, Abraham wrote to Abū-Zikrī on behalf of Abū-Zikrī's brother-in-law Maḥrūz to facilitate Abū-Zikrī's escape from Gujarat, where he had been left after being kidnapped by pirates, to Malabar.
The 1140s also saw Abraham seeking to correspond with his brothers Mubashshir (then in Messina, Sicily) and Yūsuf (then in Mazzara, also in Sicily), and a letter to them of 11 September 1149 indicates that he had by then returned to Aden.
The letter expresses his desire to reunite his family in Aden, to use his wealth to ameliorate their hardship, and to marry his son to one of his nieces.
The letter reached Mubashshir, who did not show it to Yūsuf, but made his was to Aden, where he proceeded to defraud Abraham of, in Abraham's words, 'a thousand dinars'.
Around this time, Abraham's son Surūr died and Abraham moved inland to Dhū Jibla, becoming a senior figure in the community there and leaving his daughter Sitt in Aden with Khalaf ibn Isḥāq.
After three years, Khalaf asked for Abraham's permission for Sitt to marry one of Khalaf's sons, but Abraham refused, moved with her to Egypt, and instead wrote to his brother Yūsuf requesting that he give one of his sons or a son of their sister Berākhā to Sitt in marriage.
It appears that Bomma followed Abraham from India to Cairo, where Abraham recorded that he owed Bomma money in his accounts.
Surūr's younger brother Moshe followed soon after; he was kidnapped by pirates and taken to Tyre but was freed and met his brother in Egypt.
Péter Jakab (born 16 August 1980 in Miskolc, Hungary) is a Hungarian politician, President of Jobbik and member of the National Assembly.
He was a Member of the House Committee on Legislation from 2018 to 2019 and he was the Vice Chairman of the Committee on Justice in 2019 in the Hungarian National Assembly.
In 2010, he was the councilman in Miskolc City Council and a member of the City Council's Legal and Public Security Committee.
He got 20.53% of the votes, finishing third behind incumbent mayor Ákos Kriza (42.37%) and former city Police Chief Albert Pásztor (33.26%).
He got 20597 votes, which was 127 less than Fidesz' Katalin Csöbör's, making it the closest single-member constituency race in these elections.
After he was elected Member of Parliament he became the party's Deputy Group Leader in January 2019, then Group Leader after Márton Gyöngyösi was elected as MEP.
Since Jobbik's board collectively resigned due to the poor results achieved at the 2019 European Parliament election, he expressed his interested in running for the presidential seat.
Interviewed by ATV's Straight Talk show on 29 August 2019, Péter Jakab announced his candidacy for Jobbik's presidential seat at the party's National Congress in September.
Jakab later withdrew because the party did not support his idea in the Electoral Board meeting to extend the board's mandate in such a way that it would only expire after the 2022 national elections.
Not yet quite an adult, she met Louis Kaufman, a violinist from Portland, Oregon, who had begun his career in vaudeville at age six.
Shortly after World War II ended, the Kaufmans went to Europe where they stayed off and on for eight years, researching and performing the concerti of Vivaldi.
After return to their home in Westwood, built-in 1935 by Lloyd Wright, they had a brief brush with the FBI, who wondered why they should have been away for so long – this was the McCarthy period.
Regaining their place in the musical life of the town, they hosted string quartets and musical soirees in their living room, with Jascha Heifetz and even Charlie Chaplin playing on occasion.
Lifelong collectors of art, she and her husband had acquired the largest private collection extant of Milton Avery paintings, but they avoided works by Louis's boyhood friend and schoolmate Mark Rothko, which were not to their taste.
As her long life drew to a close, Annette bequeathed her substantial collection of art, books, letters and other memorabilia to various libraries and art institutions.
Glamour Girls tells the story of four fiercely independent women trying to chart their own paths within Nigeria's traditionally patriarchal society.
On 12 December 2019, it was announced that filmmaker Charles Okpaleke had acquired the lifetime copyrights of the 1994 blockbuster for a modern remake under his production company, Play Network Africa.
It covers all types of starships, droids, vehicles and equipment, aliens and creatures, stormtroopers and rebels, Imperial and rebel bases, and includes statistics for important characters from the movies, including Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, and Darth Vader.
The team was coached by Rody Cooney, who was in his fourth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played its home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus.
In the Olympic tryouts the Terriers defeated Springfield College, the birthplace of Basketball, at Madison Square Garden and during the game set two Garden records.
After qualifying as a Barister-at-law 1984 he worked at the office of the Provisional National Defence Council and entered private legal practice prior to being called to the High Court bench in June 2002.
He subsequently became an Appeal Court judge in 2006 and in 2018 he was appointed justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana.
He was nominated in 2018 by the president Nana Akufo-Addo in consultation with Council of State and the advice of the Judicial Council.
He continued his elementary education at Sempe '1' Primary and Middle School in Accra from 1965 to 1969, he later enrolled at the Urban Council Middle 'A' School at Mankessim where he studied from 1969 to 1972.
His secondary school education begun at Assin Manso Secondary School, Assin Manso, he later moved to Feden High School where he studied from September 1973 to June 1974.
In September 2008 he entered the University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland to pursue a Masters' degree (LL.M) in Petroleum Law and Policy.
He begun his career as a national service personnel working in the capacity of a Legal Assistant at the Castle Information Bureau Office of the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) and briefly as a prosecutor in the office of the Special Public Prosecutor from August 1984 to July 1986.
During the period of his national service, he was selected to study a six-month course in Intelligence Studies at the Security and Intelligence Academy in Moscow, Russia.
He remained in private legal practice until June 2002 when he was called to the bench as a judge of the High Court.
While in private legal practice, Marful-Sau was a member of the Law Reform Commission from August 1998 to October 2005 and a member of the Ghana Frequency Regulation Control Board from 1993 to 1998.
He rose through the ranks as a justice of the high court to a justice of the appeal court, serving in that capacity from November 2006 to 2018 when he was appointed justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana.
Marful-Sau was nominated together with three other judges (Justice Agnes Dordzie, Justice Professor Nii Ashie Kotey and Justice Nene Amegatcher) by the president of Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo in 2018.
After the names of the nominated judges were sent to parliament, there were claims that his appointment and the appointment of Justice Agnes Dordzie were rewards and not justified as their promotions occurred after they (Justice Samuel Marful-Sau and Justice Agnes Dordzie) recommended that the Electoral Commission Chair, Mrs. Charlotte Osei be removed from office.
The government however dismissed these claims claiming the nominations were in consultation with the Council of State and based on the advice of the Judicial Council.
The faculty of medicine of Sousse including the faculty of medicine of Sfax was the first faculty established outside of Tunis.
Its first mission was the creation of opened environment and prepare its future doctors for internal medicine trainings according to an approach which is both curative and preventive.
The quarter-finals of tournament is going to be held from 11–12 February 2020 in 4 different locations and then semi-finals and the final is going to be held from 14–16 February 2020 in the Ankara Arena in Ankara, Turkey.
The top eight placed teams after the first half of the top-tier level Basketball Super League 2019–20 season qualified for the tournament.
The 1997 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson in DeLand, Florida.
won their fourth tournament championship in five years, and third in a row, and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1997 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The top six finishers by overall winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed playing the lowest seed in the first round.
He has undertaken projects in sustainability in developing countries, as well as furniture design and production projects in his native the Netherlands.
With his skating partner, Alina Butaeva, he won two medals at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics − bronze in pairs and gold in the team event.
The two made their debut for Georgia in September 2019, placing eighth at an ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) event in Poland and then sixth at JGP Croatia.
This was Georgia's first medal in the Winter Youth Olympic Games, and their tenth medal in the Youth Olympic Games overall.
The pair also received a gold medal for their participation in the team event as part of Team Courage, composed also of Arlet Levandi from Estonia, Ksenia Sinitsyna from Russia, and ice dancers Utana Yoshida / Shingo Nishiyama from Japan.
Chauka is an Indore Swachhta Anthem song for the 2019-2020 edition of Swachh Survekshan league 20-20, sung by Shankar Mahadevan & Rishiking composed by Rishiking and conceived by P Narahari IAS.
After the success of Ho Halla, Hai Halla and Hatrick song Rishiking prepared a fourth song for the fourth time Indore come Number One Cleanest City in India song Name is Chauka.
An formula_1-algebra can be thought as a homomorphism of rings formula_5, in this case formula_6 is called a finite morphism if formula_2 is a finite formula_1-algebra.
Suo is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles on all aspects of mire and peat research, conservation and utilisation.
FSG's clients have included McKinsey and Company, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Unilever, the U.S. Department of Education, and the World Bank, among others.
The six part series is written by Ben Richards and stars Robert Carlyle as prime minister, Victoria Hamilton, and David Haig.
When Europe is about to be hit by a solar flare members of the British Government must put their differences aside and work together to restore power after outages lay much of Britain into the dark.
The first regular CLA meeting was held in the Wadsworth Atheneum in May of 1891.CLA's initialmembership was thirty people and dues were fifty cents.
The first CLA president of the Association was Addison Van Name who served from the organization's founding in 1891 to 1892.
Stephanie Williams studied in the United States (US), where she obtained a degree in economics and government relations in 1987 at the University of Maryland, a master's degree in Arab Studies in 1989 at the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies at Georgetown University, and a master's degree in national security in 2008 from the National War College.
In this role, she was also the top US diplomat in Bahrain, the chargé d'affaires, for 10 months during the Bahraini uprising of 2011, during which she and Ludovic Hood were attacked in Bahraini newspapers and online media.
In June 2018 during the Second Libyan Civil War, she met with senior Libyan political representatives and opposed the takeover of oil fields by the Libyan National Army (LNA) of Khalifa Haftar, calling for control of the fields to be returned to the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA).
In July 2018, Williams was appointed to represent the UN Secretary-General António Guterres as his Deputy Special Representative for political affairs in the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).
Under the 3-point peace plan of UNSMIL head Ghassan Salamé, the third track of the third part of the plan would consist of intra-Libyan political negotiations.
The first and second points of the plan consist of a ceasefire and an international meeting to enforce the arms embargo on Libya, while the third point includes economic, military/security and political tracks.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lose their respective ties will compete in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs will be relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 1993.
The Legislative Council was formed in 1882, and consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.
Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.
However, of the estimated 40,000 taxpayers in the territory at the time of the elections, only those that had been able to pay their taxes on time were able to register to vote.
The Larnaca–Famagusta constituency was contested by six non-Muslim candidates; Sotiris Amfietzis (Mayor of Famagusta), Kyprianos Economides (Bishop of Kition), Richardos Matei (an agronomist and landowner), Theodoros Peristianis (a lawyer), Zenon D. Pierides (a trader) and Arthur Young, a British district commissioner.
The Limassol–Paphos constituency was contested by eight non-Muslim candidates; Christodoulos Karydis (Mayor of Limassol), Georgios Loukas (a teacher), Georgios Malikides (a trader), Christodoulos Modinos, Dimitrios Nikolaidis (a trader), Tourmousis Paschalidis (a trader), Dimosthenis Pilavakis (a landowner) and Kyprianos Economides, who was also running in Larnaca–Famagusta.
In Nicosia–Kyrenia, six non-Muslim candidates contested the three seats; Efstathios Constantinides (a professor), Paschalis Constantinides (a lawyer and money lender, and brother of Efstathios), Grigorios Dimitriadis (a landowner), Ioannis Pavlidis (a teacher), Michalis Siakallis (a grain dealer), and Richardos Matei, who was also running in Larnaca–Famagusta.
Although the Governor of Nicosia had pointed out to the Registrar that Matei was not registered to vote and could not be a candidate, his nomination was accepted.
A by-election was subsequently arranged for 17 July, which was contested by Dimostheni Chatzipavlou, Michail Efthyvoulos and Georgios Loukas, a losing candidate from the original elections.
After the 2016 election, four Washington electors were each fined $1,000 for voting for persons other than Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine in the Electoral College vote as they were pledged to do.
Three of the electors appealed the fines, which were upheld by the Washington Supreme Court in May 2019 by an 8–1 vote.
That same year she received the bronze and silver medals for the ISF World Championships, which was held in Switzerland; and also won the snowboarding Alpine world title in 1995.
Before the olympics, Shaw described herself as feeling burned out and was thinking of retiring, but the announcement of the addition of snowboarding to the Olympics lit her competitive spirit again.
She qualified for and competed in the 1998 Olympics snowboarding competition, along with American teammates Sondra Van Ert, Rosey Fletcher, and Lisa Kosglow.
She was predicted to medal in the competition, but was disqualified for falling and missing a gate, and did not receive a score.
The short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic, which declared independence in March 1918, has established an extraordinary diplomatic mission in Berlin which was active in 1919 – 1925.
Although the republic received no diplomatic recognition by Germany, its representation was officially registered with the German foreign ministry in March 1919.
Representatives of the Belarusian Democratic Republic had official contacts with the German government and meetings with the German foreign minister Walter Simons.
After the restoration of the independence of Belarus following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the diplomatic relations with Germany were officially restored in 1992 with reference to the diplomatic relations established in 1923.
The embassy of Belarus in Germany was officially opened in Bonn, Fritz-Schäffer-Straße 20, in 1994 by ambassador Piotra Sadoŭski in the presence of minister Piatro Kraŭčanka and German State Secretary of the Foreign Ministry Dieter Kastrup.
One of these served as a residential building before the Second World War and later became a post office in the times of the German Democratic Republic.
He was assigned to serve in the armed forces' political wing after the war, gradually rising through the ranks and eventually reaching the posts of deputy head of the Soviet Air Force's political department and deputy head of the Gagarin Air Force Academy.
In retirement he was deputy chairman of the Soviet, and after 1991, the Russian Committees of war veterans, and wrote and contributed to several books.
He died in 2020, having received a number of awards over his career, including the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Order of Friendship.
He volunteered for service in the Red Army after the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, and rose from being a cadet, to platoon commander, and then deputy company commander of the 2nd Moscow Military Infantry School.
He transferred to a Komsomol infantry regiment in 1942, and saw action with a heavy self-propelled artillery regiment on the 1st Belorussian Front and 2nd Baltic Front.
Over the period of the war he served on the Kalinin, Western, 1st Belorussian, 1st and 2nd Baltic Fronts, and was twice wounded.
After the war Tsymbal studied at the , and on graduating was assigned to serve in the political wing of the armed forces, rising steadily from the assistant to the head of the political department of a corps to that of an army, and then as assistant head of the political department of the Baku Air Defence District with responsibility for Komsomol work.
He then became head of the political department of the bomber division, and then deputy commander of the Group of Forces in the Arctic.
Tsymbal graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff in 1966, and from then until 1972 served as a member of the Military Council of the 1st Special Far Eastern Air Army.
From 1972 until 1981 he was first deputy head of the political department of the Soviet Air Force, and then from 1981 until his retirement in 1988, was deputy head of the Gagarin Air Force Academy.
Vichy Catalan is a Spanish brand of carbonated mineral water bottled from its homonymous thermal spring, in Caldas de Malavella, Girona.
Mixed doubles curling at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held from 18 to 22 January at the Palladium de Champéry in Champéry, Switzerland.
The teams will be selected by the organizing committee based on the final ranking from the mixed team competition in a way that balances out the teams.
The event was held in a modified knockout, with all winners of the Round of 6, including the loser with the best Draw Shot Challenge (DSC), qualifying for the finals.
This list of biomedical science awards is an index to articles on notable awards for biomedical sciences, a set of sciences applying portions of natural science or formal science, or both, to knowledge, interventions, or technology that are of use in health care or public health.
Chimera is a proposed NASA mission to orbit and explore 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 (SW1), an active, outbursting small icy body in the outer solar system.
SW1 is a member of the Centaur group, a population of near-pristine objects that have been gravitationally perturbed from the Kuiper Belt into unstable orbits in the region between Jupiter and Neptune.
Many Centaurs eventually migrate into the inner Solar System to become short period, 'Jupiter Family' comets (JFCs), and SW1 is believed to occupy the orbital ‘gateway’ through which they pass as they make this transition.
Icy small bodies are primordial echoes of the formation of our Solar System, with physical properties derived from the planet forming disk and an orbit distribution related to early migration of the giant planets.
The Kuiper belt and Oort cloud) and more evolved objects that have migrated inward toward the Sun to become long period comets (e.g.
The Centaurs are the least altered icy bodies orbiting interior to Neptune, with physical characteristics that are intermediate between the small icy bodies explored by previous (e.g.
Their orbits are unstable and, on timescales 1-10 Myr, they are either scattered back into their Trans-Neptunian source region or inward toward Sun where they become comets.
Centaurs are too far from the Sun for large-scale, water-based cometary behavior to occur, but they are close enough that some experience a form of sporadic activity.
This early stage processing provides an opportunity to explore the transition of icy planetesimals from their primordial origins to their heavily-weathered cometary end-state.
Since its discovery during an outburst in 1927, the characteristics of 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 have identified it as enigmatic compared to other known comets and a candidate for detailed study.
These factors combine with its proximity to Jupiter to make it uniquely accessible for an orbital rendezvous within the resources of the Discovery mission class.
10199 Chariklo, 2060 Chiron), SW1's nucleus is obscured by an extensive dust coma that is constantly replenished by a combination of continuous activity and large outbursts.
While the presence of larger coma grains around these objects could pose a hazard during high relative velocity encounters, their environments are benign for spacecraft on much slower orbital trajectories.
SW1 has an estimated diameter of 60.4 ± 7.4 km that is larger than any known JFC and comparable in both size and activity to the well-known long period comet Hale-Bopp.
A series of gravity assist maneuvers are used to position Chimera at SW1 with a relative velocity low enough to permit orbital insertion.
Chimera will be the first orbital exploration of an outer solar system small body and the third orbital spacecraft mission (after Cassini-Huygens and the upcoming Dragonfly) to operate beyond Jupiter.
This is followed by a slow approach at a relative velocity of <10 m/s, during which the nucleus properties, activity patterns, outburst behavior, and debris environment are characterized.
Over the subsequent ~2 years, the spacecraft orbit will progress toward lower altitudes to perform intensive study of regions of interest, monitor for physical evolution, obtain more precise internal measurements, and to sample the near subsurface.
He received the commission for the work on 26 July 1508 from the Congregation of Sant'Anna for the church of Sant'Anna and completed it on 7 May 1509.
As of January 2020, the tallest building in Shijiazhuang is Kaiyuan Finance Center, which is high, while Shijiazhuang TV Tower, which stands at is the tallest structure in the city.
With 10 million residents in the prefecture level area and 4 million residents in the urban districts, it's the 26th most populous city in China.
The small molecule isoprene is a volatile organic compound that can react with nitrogen oxide to form the greenhouse gas ozone.
Whilst these two processes cause global warming, isoprene can also produce aerosol particles that block sunlight, resulting in a cooling effect.
Unger joined Goddard Space Flight Center where she worked on air pollution and the impact of climate change on air quality.
Industries commonly burn fossil fuels that release carbon dioxide, which can result in global warming, but they also release sulphates that enter the atmosphere as aerosols.
These aerosols can cause the atmosphere to cool by blocking out heat from the sun and modifying the clouds so that they reflect more heat back to space.
She identified that until 2050 road vehicle emissions will dominate human emissions, but after then power sector emissions will take the lead.
Unger joined Yale University as an Assistant Professor at the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, where she was part of the Yale Himalaya Initiative.
She created a global-scale model that could evaluate the impact of reducing the levels sulphur in jet fuel on air quality.
Unger has studied the role of ozone and aerosols on the Earth's radiation balance, and the feedback between air quality and climate change.
She calculated the concentration of aerosol particles and methane release during the Pliocene, and compared it to those released during the pre-industrial era.
She has argued that to achieve the Paris Agreement temperature targets wealthy countries will have to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy-use.
She has studied the impact of volatile organic compounds released by plants on the Earth's atmosphere, finding that they create a chemical mist that enhances diffuse light, which benefits photosynthesis, whilst simultaneously serving to block direct light.
This mist serves to increase the amount of solar radiation that reaches the deep layers of the forest, making the atmosphere better for the plants themselves.
His best performance on the Grand Prix circuit was a win over the fourth seeded Guillermo Pérez Roldán at Madrid in 1988, with the Argentine player ranked 26 in the world at the time.
He had three children: Nithini, a daughter, who is now a medical doctor and lives in India; a son, Mithun, who is a professional golfer; and another daughter, Michiko, an archaeology student at University of Colombo.
Mithum has won seven events on the Professional Golf Tour of India and has recorded three runner-up finishes on the Asian Tour.
Late in the year, his son Mithum won an event on the Professional Golf Tour of India and dedicated the win to his father.
The Buronzo Altarpiece is a 1514 tempera on panel painting by Gerolamo Giovenone, now in the Galleria Sabauda in Turin, to which it was given in 1836, only a few years after the gallery opened.
It shows the Madonna and Child with Saints Abundius and Dominic presenting the work's commissioner Ludovica Buronzo and her sons Pietro and Gerolamo.
Commerce City / 72nd is a station, currently under construction, on the N Line of the Denver RTD commuter rail system in Thornton, Colorado.
It is located north of 88th Avenue and west of Welby Road; a section of Welby was moved to a new alignment linear with Steele Street.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
He represented Iran at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F42 event.
At the 2017 World Championships he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F42 event and at the 2019 World Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's shot put F63 event.
The vessel was built in 1928 as the luxury yacht Camargo for Julius Fleischmann, Jr. She made a world cruise in 1930–31, during which its crew spied on Japanese-held territories on behalf of the American government.
Named after Marie-Anne de Cupis de Camargo, she was the first of five yachts of that name to be owned by Fleischmann.
She was built by George Lawley & Son of Neponset, Boston in 1928 (although some sources state that she was launched in 1925).
The vessel cost $625,000, making it one of the most expensive private yachts of its time, and it was criticized in the press for its extravagance.
Their -long journey began at the New York Yacht Club, and they visited Bermuda and Jamaica before passing through the Panama Canal and reaching the Pacific.
The journey was well-documented in photographs, and a three-hour long film was also produced and it is now preserved at the Smithsonian Institution Archives.
While in the South Pacific, Fleischmann and the crew made maps and recorded information which was later used by the Americans to attack Japanese-held islands in World War II.
During the journey, the Fleischmanns also came across three castaways who had been shipwrecked on Cocos Island, and they called the United States Navy who managed to rescue them.
On 9 June, while still in the Caribbean, there were suspicions that she encountered an enemy submarine and she fired depth charges at it.
At the time, there was a lot of mist, and due to a navigational error, the vessel ran aground on the Merkanti Reef off St. Julian's and capsized.
At the time of its sinking, the vessel was carrying 57 passengers and she was under the command of Commodore S. G. Kent.
The majority of the passengers and crew survived the sinking, either managing to swim to the shore or being rescued by small boats which came to help.
There were two casualties: crew member A. Grech (the Second Cook) drowned in the sinking, while the passenger Mary Borg was missing.
After the passengers had disembarked the vessel, some of the cargo including fruit and livestock as well as some valuables was stolen.
An inquiry held after the grounding found that Commodore Kent was responsible for the vessel's grounding, and the assessors recommended suspending his master's ticket for a year from the date of the accident.
It was formally established on 20 December 1899, providing a basic form of local government to the rural areas around the mining town of Bulong, which had already incorporated as the Municipality of Bulong in 1896.
It absorbed the Municipality of Bulong on 10 December 1909, with the municipality having voluntarily agreed to amalgamate for economic efficiencies, having arguably been spurred on by the passage of legislation allowing the state government to dissolve municipalities whose general rate revenue did not total £750 per annum.
Akhabue Evans Ebalu also known as Director En′man is a producer, cinematographer and video director in the entertainment industry in Nigeria.
He started playing musical instruments at age five and became a music producer at age twelve, beginning with tape overdub before entering into film making at age 20.
BTSGram is a film making blog that has collaborated with brands like; Feiyiu tech FY, Hollyland Technology, 3d lut creator, Teffest by Omotola Jalande-Ekeinde, Gvm LED, Gudsenmoza, Zhiyun_tech, Filmcrux.
A right-handed player from Mannheim, Marzenell played college tennis in the United States at the University of Houston prior to his professional career.
Marzenell reached a career high ranking of 182 in the world and featured in the Wimbledon qualifying draw on two occasions during the late 1980s.
His best performance on the Grand Prix circuit came when he defeated Petr Korda to make the round of 16 at the 1988 Dutch Open.
The Apostolic Delegation to the Antilles represents the interests of the Holy See to officials of the Catholic Church, civil society, and government offices to several nations in the region with which the Holy See has not established diplomatic relations.
The position of Apostolic Delegate is not a diplomatic one, though the Delegate is a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
On 7 December 1925 Pope Pius XI established a Delegation to the Antilles seated in Havana with responsibility for the greater and lesser Antilles.
The same pope suppressed this delegation on 10 August 1938, assigning its responsibilities to the Delegation to Cuba and Puerto Rico.
On 19 March 1975, Pope Paul VI established the Delegation to the Antilles once more, this time seated in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Martín Olleta was a Chono cheftain who was an important broker between Spanish authorities in Chiloé Archipelago and indigenous people of the fjords and channels of Patagonia.
This happened fifteen days after a group of British sailors returned to Wager Island after failing to round Taitao Peninsula with an improvised barge.
The Spanish proficency of the Chonos led by Martín Olleta was enough to communicate with the Spanish-speaking surgeon of the British party.
After some negotiation the Chono agreed to guide Cheap's group to a small Spanish settlement up the coast, using an overland route to avoid the peninsula.
Martín Olleta led the survivors through an unusual route across Presidente Ríos Lake in Taitao Peninsula avoiding the common route through San Tadeo River and San Rafael Lake.
Before handing over the English to Spanish authorities Martín Olleta's party stopped somewhere south of Chiloé Island to hide all iron objects, likely to avoid have them confiscated.
When Spanish authorities learned that Leutenant Hamilton had been lost in the way north he compelled Olleta to go back south and find him which he actually did.
Scholar Ximena Urbina conjectures that Martín Olleta must have lived close to the Spanish and heard from other natives of the wreckage.
Thus the rescue was not by chance but an enterprise done with prior knowledge of the Spanish interest in foreigners and of the valuable loot to be found at the wreckage.
Trix Heberlein-Ruff (born 17 July 1942 in St. Gallen; originally from Wattwil and Zumikon) is a Swiss politician of the Free Democratic Party.
Heberlein was a cantonal councillor of Zurich from 1979 to 1991 and a communal councillor of her residence town Zumikon from 1985 to 1994.
She attended John Marshall High and later UCLA, where she studied theatre arts; after graduation, she worked as a teacher before landing a job at Gramercy Pictures.
Macfarlane had been the mayor from 1938 to 1941, and had not stood in the previous election as he wanted to go to war.
He was discharged from the army after serving in the Middle East for two and a half years due to ill health.
Three Labour candidates sought nomination: Macfarlane (who had been MP for Christchurch South since a 1939 by-election), Mabel Howard (who had become MP for Christchurch East in a 1943 by-election, and Harold Ernest Denton (an unsuccessful candidate in the Riccarton electorate in the 1943 general election).
He had studied at Canterbury University College and had been a school teacher in various parts of the country before settling in Christchurch with a printing business in 1907.
He had continuously been a member of Christchurch City Council since 1919, had chaired almost every council committee, and had been deputy-mayor under John Beanland (1936–1938).
He was Mayor of Christchurch from 1938 to 1941, and had continuously represented the Christchurch South since 1939 despite his lengthy absence due to war service.
There were five separate elections for Christchurch people: mayor (2 candidates), city council (46 candidates for 16 positions), the North Canterbury Hospital Board (27 candidates for 10 positions), and the Lyttelton Harbour Board (9 candidates for 4 positions), and the North Canterbury Catchment Board (newly constituted; 9 candidates for 4 positions).
There were 23 polling booths in Christchurch Central and Richmond, 23 polling booths across Linwood, Woolston, and Mount Pleasant, 26 polling booths across St Albans and Papanui, 31 polling booths across Sydenham and Spreydon, 1 polling booth in Lyttelton, and 6 polling booths in New Brighton; a total of 110 booths.
In addition, there were a total of 8 polling booths in Riccarton and Sumner for the North Canterbury Catchment Board election.
Andrews was installed on 7 June 1944 at a ceremony held at the municipal offices in Manchester Street, with councillor Melville Lyons chosen as his deputy.
The election saw the Labour Party gain just one seat on the city council, with three of their sitting members (John Septimus Barnett, Teresa Green, and Harold Ernest Denton) defeated.
Four councillors for the Citizens' Association were elected for the first time (James Hay, Leslie George Amos, Ron Guthrey, and John Edward Tait).
In the table below, the order of the first thirteen candidates (up to Barnett), as well as the last six (who lost their NZ£3 deposit), is as per the final results.
The creek drains much of the Wet Mountain Valley, located between the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and the Wet Mountains in Custer County.
From there, it descends down the east side of the Sangre de Cristos to the Wet Mountain Valley and then flows northwards towards the town of Westcliffe.
Leaving the reservoir, the creek flows generally north down a rocky and remote canyon, eventually emptying into the Arkansas River just west of Cañon City.
After it leaves the DeWeese Reservoir, the creek passes through a canyon owned by the BLM, which has classified of the river canyon as an area of critical environmental concern.
Next, the creek passes through two parcels of land () owned by the State of Colorado and managed by Colorado Parks and Wildlife.
The Turkish Standards Institution (, TSE) is a public standards organization whose mission is to increase the competitiveness of Turkey, facilitating trade on national and international levels and develop society’s standard of livingby providing standardization and conformity assessment.
It is recognized by the Turkish government as the only national standards body of the country and represents Turkish interests at international and European levels.
TSE operates in diverse fields of the quality infrastructure that includes certification, testing, training as well as surveillance and inspection activities.
TSE provides the standards aimed at enabling industrialists to produce goods and services in compliance with rules, laws, codes and standards applicable in global markets, as well as being a notified body, enables clients to gain access into the European and Gulf market by ensuring their products meets all CE mark requirements according to European Directives/Regulations and G-mark requirements according to GSO regulations, as well as Halal certificates.
She joined the CCP as Norton Family Assistant Curator in 2007, which was a joint appointment with Phoenix Art Museum, and was promoted to Chief Curator in 2016.
Senf grew up in Tucson, Arizona, the daughter of an amateur photographer who inspired her early awareness of the medium and the powerful influence of light.
In the catalogue, a section created by Senf that reproduces Ansel Adams' stamps and labels has become the standard used by major auction houses, such as Christie's and Sotheby's, to indicate which of Adams' stamps/labels appears on a particular work of art, referring to the stamp or label with a BFMA (Boston Museum of Fine Arts) number.
During her time at the Center for Creative Photography and Phoenix Art Museum, Senf has curated both contemporary and historical photographic exhibitions, including working with Mark Klett and Byron Wolfe, Linda Connor, and Betsy Schneider, and produced exhibitions on Group f/64, platinum photography, and photographic books.
The music video for the song was filmed in New York and was released on the same day of the song.
John Melvin Yates, (born November 25, 1939 in Superior, Montana -) a Career Foreign Service Officer, held several ambassadorships during his career.
He was the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Cape Verde (1983-1986), Chargé d’Affaires ad interim (Congo (Kinshasa) 1992-1995), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Benin (1995-1998), and concurrent positions to Cameroon and Equatoriak Guinea (1999-2001).
She was the first female president of the Helicopter Association of America (HAA), first female president of Helicopter Association International, treasurer of the California Helicopter Association, a flight school owner and instructor, aviation business owner, aviator, and airplane restorer.
podcast, 3:19) She was the fifth of the couple's eleven children which included brothers Milton (1927-2015), Marcus, Philip, Robert, and Samuel (1921-1997), and sisters Bertha, Miriam, Loretta, Sylvia, and Florence.
Rudnick as well as one of her brothers, Marcus, became decorated equestrians; she earned the title of Miss Kern County for the years 1939 and 1940 during the county's annual Pioneer Days.
podcast, 4:03, 4:25) Rudnick defied her father's dismissal of her desire to pursue higher education, however, and went about securing work for herself so she could pay her own way through school.
It was at UCLA where she took a course in aviation mechanics, which, along with her assembly line work, was a precursor to her newfound desire to join the Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASPs), a civilian corps of pilots that delivered planes and cargo during World War II.
Her father called her crazy for wanting to join and refused to allow it, but she repeatedly pressed the matter until he told her she should go and ask her mother.
He had not agreed to this, but Rudnick's mother signed, leaving the father no choice but to allow his daughter to do as she pleased.
As a consolation, Rudnick decided to combine some money with two of her brothers and purchase an air strip, which was how she came to found Bakersfield Air Park.
Rudnick went on to found and serve as president of one of the first helicopter companies in the world, Kern Copters, Inc., in Bakersfield, which she ran with Bob Facer, and Rudnick Helicopters Ltd. in New Zealand.
The organization would receive recognition in its tenure, such as a celebratory luncheon in 1956, hosted by the Bay Area Aviation Commission.
Elynor was a Zionist, meaning that she believed in the establishment of a Jewish state to accommodate Jewish survivors of the Holocaust.
Thirteen fighter pilots, who became the first pilots of the nascent Israeli Air Force, were trained at her school for this cause.
Furthermore, in an effort to aid the cause she believed in, she became involved in a plan hatched by others to smuggle airplane parts overseas, which was a violation of the Federal Neutrality Act.
Elynor married David Falk, a former medic with the U.S. Army Medical Corps, who became a doctor in private practice after World War II, and additionally, chief of the Department of Urology at Kern County General Hospital in Bakersfield.
Marat Turdybekuly Ospanov () (17 September 1949 – 23 January 2000) was a Kazakh politician, 1st Chairman of Mazhilis from 1996 to 1999, member of the Supreme Council from 1990 to 1993, Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council from 1994 to 1995, and a Deputy Minister of Finance from 1992 to 1994.
Blendi Xhemajl Baftiu (born 17 February 1998) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Kosovan club Ballkani and the Kosovo national team.
Baftiu began his football career with the youth team of Ramiz Sadiku until 25 September 2015, where he signed a long term contract with Albanian Superliga club Skënderbeu Korçë, but he during the 2015–16 season would play with under-19 team.
On 19 August 2018, he made his debut in a 0–1 away win against Liria after being named in the starting line-up.
On 21 March 2017, Baftiu received a call-up from Kosovo U21 for a 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification match against Republic of Ireland U21.
On 6 June 2019, he made his debut with Kosovo U21 in a match against Andorra U21 after coming on as a substitute at 86th minute in place of Arbnor Muja.
On 24 December 2019, Baftiu received a call-up from Kosovo for the friendly match against Sweden and made his debut after coming on as a substitute at 46th minute in place of Ylldren Ibrahimaj.
His made notable contributions in the areas of decision theory, sequential analysis, selection and ranking, reliability analysis, combinatorial problems, and Dirichlet processes.
He won a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and a gold at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, both in the Class 4–5 team event.
Li Peiwu (; born November 1961) is a Chinese agronomist who is a researcher at the Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).
After graduating from Nanjing Agricultural University in 1986, he was offered a faculty position at the Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).
In January 2020, the Australian National Audit Office published a report into Sport Australia's Community Sport Infastructure Program titled 'Award of Funding under the Community Sport Infrastructure Program'.
The report had two main conclusions: the award of grant funding was not informed by an appropriate assessment process and sound advice and the successful applications were not those that had been assessed as the most meritorious in terms of the published program guidelines.
The outcomes of the report resulted in extensive media coverage due to Senator Bridget McKenzie, the then Minister for Sport in the Morrison Government using her ministerial discretion to favour marginal or targeted electorates in the allocation of grants in the lead up to 2019 Australian federal election.
The Community Sport Infrastructure Grant Program was established by the Turnbull Government as part of its 2018 Australian federal budget with it allocating A$27.9 million for the program.
The December 2018 Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) and 2019 Australian federal budget allocated a further A$30.3 million and A$42.5 million to the program with the total allocation being A$102.5 million.
The aim of the program was for more Australians to have access to quality sporting facilities, encouraging greater community participation in sport and physical activity.
Sport Australia was given the responsibility for administering the program and its guidelines identified three ranking criteria with appropriate weightings: community participation (50 per cent); community need (25 per cent); and project design and delivery (25 per cent).
The decision making process involved Sport Australia assessment panel assessing applications, all eligible applications assessed as meeting or exceeding the merit criteria proceeding to the Sport Australia board for endorsement and the Minister for Sport identified as the final funding decision-maker.
Funding totalling A$102.5 million was awarded to 684 projects across three rounds completed in December 2018, February 2019 and April 2019.
The program came under media and the Australian Labor Party Opposition attention when Georgina Downer, Liberal Party of Australia candidate for Mayo was photographed in presenting a cheque for A$127,373 to the Yankalilla Bowling Club in February 2019.
The report found that in the first round, 91 of the projects (41%) approved by the Minister were not endorsed by the Sport Australia board.
In the second round, 162 (70%) of the approved projects were not recommended, and in the final round 167 (73%) of the approved projects had not been recommended by Sport Australia.
ANAO concluded that funding decisions for each of the three rounds were not informed by clear advice and were not consistent with the program guidelines.
ANAO also found that while the guidelines identified the Minister in an approval role, there are no records that evidence that the Department of Health or Sport Australia advised the Minister on the legal basis on which the Minister could undertake an approval role.
The Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism is a junior position in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport in the British government.
Northglenn / 112th is a station, currently under construction, on the N Line of the Denver RTD commuter rail system in Northglenn, Colorado.
in the Venezuelan Liga Profesional de Baloncesto in 2011played there for 3 consecutive seasons before moving to the Caquetios de Falcon for a season where he avaraged 5.33points.
Chourio represented Venezuela at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup where he averaged 4.4 points and 1.6 rebounds at the tournament.
Jaron Vicario (born 16 August 1999) is a Dutch-Curaçaoan footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Dutch club FC Dordrecht.
She also won the gold medal in the women's 48 kg event at the 2005 Asian Wrestling Championships and the silver medal in that event at the 2008 Asian Wrestling Championships.
The musical focuses on the private and professional lives of either real-life adult film stars or composite characters based on various people, with each actor playing multiple roles.
Originally commissioned by Center Theatre Group in Los Angeles, the show premiered Off-Broadway at The Playhouse in the Abrons Arts Center and ran from January 31 to March 1, 2015.
Kiser Lake State Park is a state park in Champaign County, Ohio, about northwest of St. Paris and north of Dayton.
A dam was first built in this location in 1840 to power a mill, but it was later abandoned and the dam and lake fell into disrepair.
Then, in 1932, John W. Kiser donated the land to the State of Ohio to rebuild the lake for recreational purposes.
In addition to being a popular fishing location, ODNR maintains one boat ramp, four smaller launch areas, a marina to rent kayaks and canoes, a beach and swimming area, refreshment stand (seasonal), seven picnic areas, three shelter houses, 76 rental campsites, 4 large rental cabins, 6 different hiking trials, and one horse trial.
Elise Riesel (born Elise Grün) or also Eliza Genrichovna Rizel (born 12 October 1906 in Vienna; died 28 September 1989 in Moscow), was an Austrian linguist.
The 1973 US Navy C-117D Sólheimasandur Crash, commonly known as the Sólheimasandur Crash, is a crashed US Navy Douglas C-117D located in on the southern coast of Iceland.
The remains of the aircraft - which crashed in 1973 - have remained relatively intact, leading to the crash site becoming a tourist destination.
The accident aircraft was flying from Hofn Hornafjördur Airport to Naval Air Station Keflavik, after delivering supplies for the radar station at Stokksnes.
Forced to land due to severe icing, 17171 was written off and unsalvaged parts of the aircraft remained at the site.
Morohuinca was a term used among the indigenous peoples of southern Chile, chiefly Mapuches and Chonos, during the Colonial Epoch to refer to the European enemies of Spain.
Although Puerto Rico will not participate in the November 8, 2020, general election because it is a territory and not a state, the five non-incorporated territories that send delegates to the United States House of Representatives will participate in the presidential primaries.
In 2018 she competed at the European U23 Wrestling Championship where she won the gold medal in the women's 72 kg event.
In 2018 she won the silver medal in the women's 68 kg event at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships as well as the silver medal in the women's 68 kg event at the 2018 European Wrestling Championships.
The poet belonged to the family of the counts of Stevening and Riedenburg, who held the burgraviate of Regensburg from 970 until 1185.
He is probably to be identified with either Heinrich IV (burgrave from 1176, died after 1184/85) or Otto III (died after 1185).
The Burggraf von Rietenburg and his brother are usually grouped with Der von Kürenberg, Dietmar von Aist and Meinloh von Sevelingen as the Danubian poets, part of the first generation of Minnesingers.
Within this group, Rietenburg is a transitional figure between the original Danubian style and a new style influenced more heavily by the Old Occitan troubadours.
Paul Edwin Trimble (March 24, 1913 – November 16, 2005) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as the 10th Vice Commandant from 1966 to 1970.
The Monarchs, led by 7th-year head coach Jeff Jones, play their home games at Chartway Arena in Norfolk, Virginia as members of Conference USA.
In the C-USA Tournament, they defeated Louisiana Tech in the quarterfinals, UAB in the semifinals, to advance to the championship game, where they faced off against Western Kentucky, winning the game, earning the C-USA's automatic bid into the NCAA Tournament.
William Davis Shields (August 19, 1907 – March 28, 1989) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as the 9th Vice Commandant from 1964 to 1966.
Donald McGregor Morrison (December 4, 1906 – March 9, 1989) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as the 8th Vice Commandant from 1962 to 1964.
Leon Claude Covell (December 2, 1877 – November 20, 1960) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as the 2nd Vice Commandant from 1931 to 1941.
American Samoan sailors qualified one boat in each of the following classes through the class-associated World Championships, and the continental regattas, marking the country's recurrence to the sport for the first time since Atlanta 1996.
Killer Inside: The Mind of Aaron Hernandez is a 2020 American true crime documentary series about convicted murderer and former professional American football player Aaron Hernandez.
The three-part documentary explores his conviction for the murder of Odin Lloyd, other murder cases in which he was a suspect, and the factors in his life that shaped his behavior.
Friends, officials, attorneys, journalists, and former teammates discuss the rise, fall, and eventual suicide of professional football player Aaron Hernandez (1989–2017), who was sentenced to life in prison after his conviction for the 2013 murder of Odin Lloyd.
In January 2017, director Geno McDermott met with journalists Dan Wetzel and Kevin Armstrong, who had both covered Hernandez's trial for the murder of Odin Lloyd and were writing a book about Hernandez.
After Hernandez died by suicide, McDermott filed a FOIA request to obtain recordings of Hernandez's phone calls from jail and prison.
Attorney Jose Baez, who successfully defended Hernandez in his second murder trial, strongly criticized the documentary for including audio and photos of Hernandez's young daughter, Avielle.
Benjamin Maurice Chiswell (March 7, 1875 – July 26, 1942) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as the 1st Vice Commandant from 1929 to 1931.
Yangcheng is probably identified as the city that is find at the archaeological site Wangchenggang (王城岗) in Henan, located at the town Gaocheng east of Dengfeng in Henan.
Lucius Furius Camillus was a Roman politician and general who served as consul of the Roman Republic in 338 BC and in 325 BC.
During his 338 BC consulship, he, along with Gaius Maenius, commanded Rome's legions during the Battle of Pedum, during which Camillus engaged forces from the cities of Tibur and Praeneste.
During his second consulship in 325 BC, he was assigned the duty of dealing with the Samnites as a part of the Second Samnite War.
Cerro Murallón is a glacier mountain of the Andes, in Patagonia, located on the eastern edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field , southwest of Lake Viedma, at the border between Chile and Argentina.
The Education and Employment Directorate, formerly the Saint Helena Education Department, in 2000 had its head office in The Canister in Jamestown.
Education is free and compulsory between the ages of five and 16 At the beginning of the academic year 2009–10, 230 students were enrolled in primary school and 286 in secondary school.
The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning.
The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere, open since 1813) and a mobile library service which operates weekly in rural areas.
Education is fairly rudimentary; children leave school at age 16, and although they can take GCSEs a year later, few do.
The current facility opened in 1975 and has five classrooms, a kitchen, a stage, a computer room, and a craft and science room.
Tristan students doing post-16 education receive assistance from the Tristan da Cunha Association Education Trust Fund and typically do so in England and South Africa.
The Tristan Song Project was a collaboration between St. Mary's School and amateur composers in Britain, led by music teacher Tony Triggs.
It began in 2010 and involved St Mary's pupils writing poems and Tony Triggs providing musical settings by himself and his pupils.
In February 2013, the Tristan Post Office issued a set of four Song Project stamps featuring island musical instruments and lyrics from Song Project songs about Tristan's volcano and wildlife.
Mount Abbe is an 8200+ feet (2499+ meter) double summit mountain located in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in southeast Alaska.
The peak is situated near the terminus of the Johns Hopkins Glacier, within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, northwest of Juneau, and northeast of Mount Orville.
The mountain was named in 1936 by William Osgood Field and William Skinner Cooper, of the American Geographical Society, for Cleveland Abbe Jr., (1872-1934), an American geographer.
The Gilman Glacier and Clark Glacier on the mountain's slopes were named for Daniel Coit Gilman, the institution's first president, and William Bullock Clark who was a professor of geology at the university.
The first ascent of the south summit was made June 11, 1977, by Jim Wickwire and Dusan Jagersky via the Southeast Face.
The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing Mount Abbe, but it's a challenging climb in any conditions, with few attempts.
The ship was carrying Moroccan pilgrims on the way to Mecca, and a cooking fire on deck probably accidentally ignited nitrate in one of the ship's cargo holds, resulting in a number of explosions and causing the ship to run aground.
She was carrying 39 crew members, 12 first class passengers and 142 steerage passengers who were Muslims from Morocco who were on their way to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage.
The fire probably started when embers from a pilgrim's cooking brazier came into contact with the cargo of nitrate held in the vessel's No.
However, it soon began to move in circles as the crew abandoned the wheel and lost control over the rudder, while the crew in the engine room were all killed in the fire.
The crew handed out lifebelts to the passengers, although one of the chief cabin attendants was one of the first to jump overboard.
Many of the Moroccan passengers, who included many women and children, had been below deck and died, while others who were on deck panicked and refused to abandon ship.
The ship was left to burn out on the rocks as thousands of people gathered on the harbour's fortifications to witness the disaster.
Some sources state that only 23 crew members and 10 passengers survived, while others state that 21 crew members, 9 European passengers and 40 Moroccan passengers were rescued.
They were taken to the Central Civil Hospital, and they were buried at the Turkish Military Cemetery in Marsa on the following day.
The captain and some crew members were buried at Ta' Braxia Cemetery, as were three other bodies who were recovered later.
Cerro Piergiorgio is a mountain located in Los Glaciares National Park in province of Santa Cruz in Patagonia, near the village of El Chaltén, at the border between Argentina and Chile.
§371), resulting in a sentencing by Federal Judge Jose E. Martinez of 12 months and 1 day and 2 years of supervised release.
In November 2016, Covino was sentenced to be incarcerated for an additional eight months and an 1 year of supervised release for violating court-imposed employment restrictions of opening new locations of SeaQuest in Las Vegas, Nevada and Layton, Utah.
Catherine Hay Thomson was born in Glasgow, educated in Melbourne and was one of the early female graduates from the University of Melbourne.
Thomson worked as an undercover journalist, disguising herself as a man to visit brothels and taverns investigating corruption which was exposed in her newspaper articles.
She investigated undercover as an attendant at the Kew Asylum, a psychiatric hospital in Melbourne and also as an assistant nurse at the Melbourne Hospital.
Thomson was one of the founders of the Austral Salon in 1890, a women’s club to foster literature, music and the arts.
He has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, as the Bishop for Theological Education and Wellbeing, since April 2016.
Prior to being appointed bishop, Billings served in parish ministry for approximately 15 years in the Diocese of Melbourne, including serving as Vicar at Toorak, and was Archdeacon of Stonnington and Glen Eira for five years.
Billings also has a significant interest in academia, and holds degrees in Theology and Ministry from Ridley College, a Master of Arts in Classics & Archaeology (on ancient Ephesus) from the University of Melbourne, and a Doctorate in Theology from the Australian College of Theology on the Gospel of Luke.
In April 2016, Billings was conscecrated and appointed as Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Melbourne, with responsibility for theological education and clergy wellbeing across the Diocese.
In November 2016, Billings reported that he believed the election of United States President Donald Trump was a reaction to suspicions raised against the media.
It was established on 17 March 1911 as the Gascoyne-Minilya Road District with the amalgamation of the Lower Gascoyne Road District and the Minilya Road District.
The Shire of Exmouth was separated from Gascoyne-Minilya on 13 December 1963 due to the development of the town of Exmouth.
It ceased to exist on 12 February 1965 when it amalgamated with the Town of Carnarvon to form the Shire of Carnarvon.
To the north of the union are the Dhaki River and Bhodra River, Sutarkhali Union in the south, Bhadra river on the east and Dhaki river on the west.
Bayan working as a Senior Style Producer for beIN Sports, a group of sports channels operating under the umbrella of beIN Media Group.
Robert Frank Milligan (born December 12, 1932) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Commander of the Pacific Fleet Marine Force.
After his retirement from the Marine Corps in 1991, he served as Comptroller of Florida from 1994 to 2002; director of the Department of Veterans Affairs, and member of the Florida Public Service Commission.
He and Ricky Brabec were the first Americans to win at the Dakar Rally in 2020, having won in the bikes and UTV categories respectively.
The Austral Salon of Music, Literature and the Fine Arts also known as the Austral Salon is a club that was established for women interested in the fine arts in Melbourne.
The Austral Salon was founded in January 1890 by female journalists led by Mary Hirst Browne, as a meeting place for women writers.
The Salon was one of the first four groups to affiliate with the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902.
The Salon continues as The Austral Salon of Music, a Melbourne society committed to encouraging young musicians that holds regular recitals at St Peters Church, East Melbourne.
Edward J. Megarr (born 20 March 1927) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of the 4th Marine Division.
After she married a US citizen and her immigration status changed, she transferred to Marquette University, where she obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics.
She became a Davies Research Fellow at the United States Military Academy and, in 2016, an assistant professor at Williams College.
In 2016 she co-founded an online platform called 'Lathisms' which aims to promote the contributions of Latinxs and Hispanics in mathematics.
In 2019 she was a keynote speaker at national conference of SACNAS (Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science).
James Joseph McMonagle (born 1932) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of First Marine Expeditionary Force and Marine Corps Recruit Depot.
The Maylands site was considered ideal as the penisula had an abundance of clay, and was close to the Perth central business district but isolated from suburban residential areas.
Community opposition led to the brickworks being preserved, and the clay pits turned into artificial lakes (Lake Bungaree and Lake Bungana).
The Maylands Brickworks would excavate clay on-site, which would be refined and mixed with water into a paste in the pug mill, inside a large building made from wood and corrugated iron.
The mixture was then sent through an extruder to make bricks, which were cut and left to dry inside the immense drying sheds.
Once dried out, the bricks – which were already hard – were arranged in the kilns, covered with powdered coal, and fired.
The Maylands Brickworks were listed as a heritage site on the State Register on 9 February 1996, and on the City of Bayswater Municipal Inventory on 17 June 1997.
In 2017, the City of Bayswater local government and the State Heritage Office were considering redevelopment options to activate the site.
The golf clubhouse option was the Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage preferred option, when it released a feasibility study in May 2019.
The City of Bayswater rejected the clubhouse concept, which would have included a high density residential development on the site, and decided to terminate the joint redevelopment project in favour of investigating alternative community usages for the site.
She debuted as a member and leader of South Korean girl group Cosmic Girls under Starship and Yuehua Entertainment in 2016.
Y-teen was a project unit group that promoted as CF models for KT’s phone fare service and would release EPs, music videos, and various entertainment content.
In 1919, the council purchased the assets of the Carnarvon Electric Light and Power Company and took over the supply of electricity and lighting to the municipality, funded by a loan and an increase to the general rate.
It ceased to exist on 12 February 1965 when it amalgamated with the surrounding Shire of Gascoyne-Minilya to form the Shire of Carnarvon.
Politicians Edward Angelo, Cyril Cornish and Wilson Tuckey were former mayors of the Carnarvon municipality before their respective elections to state and federal parliament.
Høverstad was born in Vang, the son of Torgeir Andersen Andrisson Høverstad, a farmer from Valdres, and Gjertrud Helgesdatter Andrisson Høverstad (née Helgesdatter Leine).
Starting around 1910, Høverstad conceived the idea of establishing a Norwegian teacher's college, and he worked actively from 1916 to 1922 to relaize this idea through both the government and the Storting.
He participated in an investigative committee on the issue from 1920 to 1921, and he even conducted a college course at Bondi in Asker that same year.
When the Norwegian College of Teaching in Trondheim was established in 1922, Høverstad was selected as a lecturer in history by the majority of the expert committee.
Høvstad became a government scholar on several occasions, first in 1915, when he received an annual stipend for his school history studies, and then in 1927, when he received a lifetime position.
With the Midland Warriors, Bracker appeared multiple times at the NAIA Women's Basketball Championships for Division I and Division II between the 1980s to 2000s.
After her retirement, Bracker held the record for most wins ever for a NAIA women's basketball coach with 736 wins and 403 losses.
Apart from Midland, Bracker was a committee member that picked American women's basketball players for the 1991 Pan American Games, 1992 Summer Olympics, and 1996 Summer Olympics.
Bracker was inducted into the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 1996 and the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999.
For her post-secondary education, Bracker continued playing basketball at Dana College and graduated with physical education and English majors in 1966.
During the late 1960s, Bracker taught physical education for children in Omaha, Nebraska and Casper, Wyoming before becoming an assistant for the women's basketball team at Northern Colorado.
In 1970, Bracker turned down a field hockey coaching position at Iowa State for a women's basketball coaching position at Midland University.
Between the 1980s to 2000s, the Midland Warriors appeared multiple times at the NAIA Women's Basketball Championships for Division I and Division II while Bracker was their head coach.
In 2012, Bracker held the record for the most ever wins as a women's basketball coach in the NAIA when she retired with 736 wins and 403 losses.
Outside of Midland, Bracker was one of the committee members that selected American women's basketball competitors for the 1991 Pan American Games, 1992 Summer Olympics, and 1996 Summer Olympics.
Harold G. Glasgow (born February 4, 1929) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of Marine Corps Recruit Depot.
There is insufficient information to determine if the dedicatee, the pilgrim and the bishop are one and the same, or else two or three different persons.
Jerome H. Granrud (born 10 April 1937) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army whose assignments included commander United States Army Japan.
It initially met in premises on Hunt Street, but these became too small in two years and a replacement council chambers was built in Bayley Street in 1896.
The council opened the Coolgardie Municipal Baths on 11 January 1897, making Coolgardie the first Western Australian town with a public swimming pool.
It was divided into a system of four wards on 12 October 1898, but these were abolished in 1901 due to a decline in population; the number of councillors was also dropped from twelve to nine at the same time.
Politicians George Bellingham, William Eddy, Henry Augustus Ellis, John Hardwick and Charles McDowall served on the council, with McDowall also serving as mayor.
The paper was affiliated with the minor opposition Democratic Homeland Party, led by former MP Petros Makeyan which had split off from the Ter-Petrosyan led Pan-Armenian National Movement.
Broussard was involved in another music competition in 2012 when she was chosen to compete on the American television vocal talent show The Voice.
Broussard formed indie rock band Secret Someones as bassist with Bess Rogers, Hannah Winkler, and Zach Jones in the summer of 2013.
Liisi Ojamaa (actually Katre-Liis Ojamaa; 26 February 1972 – 8 October 2019) was an Estonian poet, translator, literary critic and editor.
East Guhuan Island is part of the Philippine territory adjacent to the island of Sabah in the Sulu Sea with 15 kilometer distance from Mangsee Island and is part of Barangay Mangsee under the Municipality of Balabac, Province of Palawan, Philippines.
East Guhuan Island is a woody island (Islet) separates the Banguey Outer Northeast Reef and Maggie Reef by a channel 1 mile wide, with depts of 7 to 9 fathosm (12.8 to 16.5m).
John Philip Monahan (born 1932) is a retired major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of I Marine Expeditionary Force.
214 South State Street is a building in Chicago's Loop, which was designed by C. M. Palmer and was built in 1887.
The building was originally 6 stories and its address was 212 State Street under the pre-1911 Downtown Chicago street numbering system.
Kesner built the Consumers Building at 220 South State Street in 1913, and had purchased 214 South State Street to ensure a skyscraper would not be built there.
In 1913, Kesner was issued a building permit for alterations on the six story building, with Jenney, Mundie & Jensen listed as the architects.
A. Weis & Company operated the Winter Garden, an upscale restaurant located in the basements of 214 South State Street and the adjacent Consumers Building.
In 2005, the General Services Administration acquired 214 South State Street and neighboring buildings, using eminent domain to seize some of the properties, citing the need for increased security around the Dirksen Federal Building.
In 2017, CA Ventures reached an agreement to purchase 214 South State Street, the Consumers Building, the Century Building, and 212 South State Street, for $10.38 million.
The Consumers Building and Century Building would have been converted to apartments, as part of a $141 million redevelopment project, while the historic Streamline Moderne storefront of 214 South State St. would have been restored and incorporated into a 25,000 square-foot structure built between the taller buildings for retail and commercial use.
Under the terms of the agreement, the City of Chicago would purchase the buildings from the federal government and then immediately sell them to CA Ventures.
However, the City of Chicago backed out of the agreement in December 2019, citing security concerns at the nearby Dirksen Federal Building.
Anthony Lukeman (born March 24, 1933) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Military Manpower and Personnel Policy).
He has served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, as the Bishop for the Jumbunna Episcopate (covering the outer southern and eastern suburbs of Melbourne, since November 2016.
Barker then served in parish ministry throughout the Diocese of Melbourne, including as Vicar of Holy Trinity Doncaster from 1996-2009, Archdeacon of Box Hill for eight years from 2001 and as a Visiting Lecturer at Ridley College for nearly 20 years.
During this time, he spent three years in England between 1993 and 1996 completing a PhD at the University of Bristol on the book of Deuteronomy.
Between 2009 and 2016 Barker worked in South and Southeast Asia, his roles including Visiting Scholar at Seminari Theoloji Malaysia and Adjunct Lecturer at Myanmar Evangelical Graduate School of Theology.
He was also the Asian Regional Coordinator for Langham Preaching Scholar Care, in which role he has trained preachers in the region, including in India, Pakistan, Myanmar and Thailand.
On 1 April 2016, it was announced that Barker had been appointed as Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Melbourne in charge of the Jumbunna Episcopate, replacing Paul White who moved to a part-time role as Assistant Bishop for Growth Areas Ministry.
Charlton Howard (born August 16, 2003), better known by his stage name The Kid Laroi (stylized as The Kid LAROI), is an Australian rapper, singer, and songwriter.
Devil's Night: Dawn of the Nain Rouge is a 2019 English language thriller film directed by Sam Logan Khaleghi based on the creature of the same name.
The film began production when director Sam Logan Khaleghi expressed interest in making a film based on Nain Rouge, a mysterious creature that resides in and around Detroit.
Shooting started in 2018 in Lake Orion, Michigan; the Packard and Fisher plants, and in the Michigan Central Station, the Renaissance Center station, and the Detroit Historical Museum in Detroit.
Oakland County sheriff Mike Bouchard and Fox News 2 anchors Jay Towers, and Amy Andrews Jay Towers play cameos in the film.
Footage from the annual Marche du Nain Rouge, an event in which the people of Detroit scare away Nain Rouge, is included in the film.
BMC Amazon is Multi Purpose Armoured Vehicle (MPAV) manufactured and designed by BMC to meet the requirements of the Turkish Land Forces.
Its perfectly combined main and add-on armor provides a very good protection against ballistic threats while its V-shape and monocoque body allows it to protect the personnel inside from land mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs).
BMC Amazon is a medium armored troop carrier and its primary objective is to transfer the personnel from one place to another while protecting them against all kind of threats.
V-shape monocoque body with composed add-on armor offers a good amount of resistant against mine and ballistic attacks in terms of NATO Stanag 4569.
4 standard doors, a rear entry to the back (this area can be fit with two more additional seats) and roof hatch.Each personnel has mine protected seating, gun racks and gun ports to counter fire in times of need.
BMC Amazon is 13.000kg when empty, has 1.000 kg payload with a gross vehicle weight of 14.000 kg Motive power for the BMC Amazon is provided by a EURO 3 emissions compliant Cummins diesel engine developing 360 hp (275 kW).
An engine cold start kit is fitted and the cooling system has been adapted for tactical applications in between 32°C / +55°C temperatures.
Driveline is completed by an Allison 3000 six-speed fully automatic transmission coupled to an Axletech two-speed transfer box with selectable 4x2 or 4x4 drive.
Both the front steer-drive axle and the rear drive axles are Axletech rated at 7,000 kg capacity, has fully independent suspension with coil springs.
Standard troop carrier version is used to transport troops from one place to another ignoring the climate and terrain hardships with utmost safety.
Cameras are capable of measuring up to 20 km on the weather conditions, that naked eye can see up to 10 km.
Laser defensive systems can be integrated upon BMC Amazon MPAV thus turning vehicle to a cutting edge technology mobile defensive system.
As of 2019, Lawal was the chief executive officer of Africent Group, Oillets Services, S8 Contractor and Cropyfy Incorporated which has interests in oil and gas, organic and non-organic food products, marine logistics and services, e-commerce, entertainment, feed mill and information technology and services.
He holds a BSc in Business Administration and an MBA in Business Administration and Management from Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State.
In 2018, she alongside her duet partner Syamel Fodzly, were awarded Best Vocals at the 32nd Anugerah Juara Lagu (AJL 32).
In abstract algebra, specifically the theory of Lie algebras, Serre's theorem states: given a (finite reduced) root system formula_1, there exists a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra whose root system is the given formula_1.
The construction of a semisimple Lie algebra from a Cartan matrix can be generalized by weakening the definition of a Cartan matrix.
For each ideal formula_51 of formula_22, one can easily show that formula_51 is homogeneous with respect to the grading given by the root space decomposition; i.e., formula_54.
One then shows: (1) the derived algebra formula_69 here is the same as formula_8 in the lead, (2) it is finite-dimensional and semisimple and (3) formula_71.
A few among his various other achievements and recognition's are National award, non feature section in the year 2002, UGC national award for best documentary direction in 2005, film critics award (television) 2012.
Pratap has to his credit, more than fifty documentaries, short films and tv commercials and continues to work as a Director of Photography splitting his time between Mumbai, Kolkata and Trivandrum.
Danish Documentary Production was founded in 2007 by producer Sigrid Dyekær and directors Eva Mulvad, Pernille Rose Grønkjær and Mikala Krogh.
Located in Downtown Austin, the park features a grassy area meant for festivals and events as well as shaded areas under live oak trees.
During the United States Bicentennial, the city of Austin transformed the square to its former glory, and was later revitalized again in 2017.
Austin's central bus-rapid transit system, Capital MetroRapid Lines 801 and 803 share a stop next to the square (Fourth Street/Guadalupe Street for southbound buses and Fourth Street/Lavaca Street for northbound).
Republic Square station provides transit travelers the option to transfer to local lines, as well as Route 20 to Austin–Bergstrom International Airport.
Bouteloua parryi, colloquially known as Parry's grama, is a grass species in the grama genus native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Known for his ground work among the masses, Jagmohan has been playing a key role in arranging and organizing social gathering over the last decade.
Coming from a humble beginning, over his 15+ years social service, Jagmohan Mehlawat worked along side youth for focus on the betterment of society.
Born to a Jat family, Jagmohan Mehlawat spend his early life, living under the care of his parents in a joint family with five sisters.
Ever since his childhood days, Jagmohan found his interest in sports and studies, participating in league level cricket match and playing with renowned names.
After the demise of his father, Jagmohan Mehlawat started working in newspaper distribution scaling from Vasant Kunj to Hauz Khas in his early teen years.
While working in the newspaper industry, he got the opportunity to connect with the everyday people and be aware of the ground reality of the society which helped him in the long run.
Jagmohan later founded News of the Week & Whats On magazine with his peers which helped further support his family and grow his reach to the people.
Jagmohan Mehlawat was elected as the Mandal Leader of BJP in Kisangarh in 2003 owing to his constant contribution in the party activities and growing influence among the youth.
He actively participated by raising voices against rising fuel and electricity prices by the ruling Aam Admin Party (AAP), by leading peaceful protests with the masses under Vijay Goel, the then President of BJP Delhi.
Realizing the need of voter education, he organized Voter Registration Drives, which eased the efforts multiple segment of the society in reaching and understanding their rights and responsibilities as a citizen of the state.
He has been organizing public events like Dussera ever since his affiliation with the party, which has been celebrated with great enthusiasm in the northern parts of the country and sees a growing crowd with each year of its precedence.
Due to his consistent efforts in handling and managing the social affairs and growing public influence, Jagmohan Mehlwat was named as the Mahamantri of Mehrauli zilla in 2013.
He mobilized youth units and raised donations to help the victims of the calamity.He then focused his attention to the youth members and the society and organized sports activities like Cricket and Wrestling under the Yuva Cricket Club and also providing assistance in education for the needy.
He also promoted cleanliness drive in the city and was guest of honor for Pragyata Foundation that has been acutely working on spreading awareness among the masses for benefits of a clean and hygienic environment.
It was established on 25 January 1918 with the amalgamation of the original Dundas Road District (1895) and the Municipality of Norseman.
The Dundas board reluctantly agreed to the merger, having opposed it for some years, with their small revenue compared to the municipality, pressure from the state Public Works Department and the promise of an increased subsidy proving decisive.
It ceased to exist on 21 June 1929, when it was abolished and replaced by the second Dundas Road District (later to become the Shire of Dundas).
In 2018, Rodriguez founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies; which is noted to be the first Filipino Studies center in the United States.
Rodriguez received her BA at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1996, and her MA (1999) and PhD (2005) from the University of California, Berkeley all in sociology.
Before coming to UC Davis in 2010, she was a visiting lecturer at Ateneo de Manila University, visiting professor at University of Kassel, and associate professor at Rutgers University from 2005-2010.
Digital Archive is an ongoing project documenting and preserving the contributions of Filipino-Americans, including Philip Vera Cruz, in the Delano grape strike.
The girls' cross-country cross freestyle cross-country skiing competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 18 January at the Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, sessile or almost so, narrowly egg-shaped or narrow and broader at the apex, smooth, uniformly coloured throughout, long, wide.
The over-lapping flower bracts are mostly in pairs of 3-6, broadly elliptic to rounded, long, wide, smooth, occasionally inner bracts may be yellowish with hairs on the edges.
The label also announced that the band would be working with Erik Rutan of Hate Eternal and Morbid Angel to record their first studio album at Mana Recording Studios in Tampa, Florida.
From the 2020 season onward, the LCS will use a double elimination bracket as its playoff format, similar to that which was adopted by the LEC the previous year.
The number of teams participating in the spring playoffs will remain unchanged at six, but the summer playoffs will include an additional two teams, bringing the total up to eight.
Both splits will feature a winners' bracket and a losers' bracket, with the bottom two teams beginning in the losers' and the rest beginning in the winners'.
LCS commissioner Chris Greeley explained that this was done to give less popular teams and players more exposure and opportunities to develop their brand, as most viewers, he argued, only tune in to watch their favorite teams.
The results of the spring split will only determine the LCS' representative for the Mid-Season Invitational, and will no longer have any part in determining a team's future qualification for the World Championship.
The summer champions, runners-up and third place team will qualify for the World Championship as the LCS' first, second and third seeds respectively.
On January 20, Riot Games announced their official partnership with Chinese streaming service Huya, giving them exclusive rights to the Chinese broadcast.
The Days to Come () is a 2019 Spanish drama film directed by Carlos Marqués-Marcet.The film is about the emotions of a couple during pregnancy and stars real-life expectant couple Maria Rodriguez and David Verdaguer.
The nearest populated site on the coast is Windy Harbour to the east of the point, and to the north, Northcliffe.
It was frequently used a reference point for reports on geology and biota relevant to the south coast of Western Australia.
She is an associate professor and Co-Director of the Master in Architecture II Program at Harvard University Graduate School of Design.
Before entering graduate school, she travelled to the United Kingdom and worked for architecture firms Foster + Partners and David Chipperfield Architects.
Using the aid of sophomore students, she collected data across the United States that predicted future conceptual projects that might happen in Atlanta.
The following year, Bonner joined the faculty at Harvard University Graduate School of Design as an associate professor and by 2017, she was named the Co-Director of the Master in Architecture II Program.
1,4-Oxathiane is a heterocyclic compound containing with one oxygen atom and one sulfur atom at opposite corners of a saturated six-membered ring.
By systematic numbering, the oxygen atom is position number 1, sulfur is number 4, and positions 1, 3, 5, and 6 are carbon atoms.
With hydrofluoric acid, 1,4-oxathiane is undergoes electrophilic fluorination to yield perfluoro-1,4-oxathiane: all eight hydrogeon atoms are replaced with fluorine substituents, and also four fluorine atoms are attached to the sulfur atom.
Tenguella is a genus of small, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
They live on rocky shores in the intertidal zone or in shallow water, where they prey on other molluscs by drilling through their shells.
Species are found through the Indian Ocean and West Pacific (IWP), from eastern Africa to Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands, and Japan.
His family moved to Chicago around 1939 where Binder taught himself how to play piano, determined to become a recording artist.
Around that time, Binder formed a band with former Kings of Rhythm drummer Bob Prindell and guitarist Vincent Duling in Memphis.
In addition to the trio, the backing band for the United session included saxophonists Raymond Hill and Bobby Fields, and bassist Al Smith.
Blues musicians such as Earl Hooker and Roscoe Gordon performed at The Jive Club in Lawton which was a popular predominantly black nightclub.
He joined the Presidential Management Fellows Program during the Clinton administration and worked on homelessness and community development programs for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development under Secretary Andrew Cuomo.
Pedersen was an aide to the Oakland City Council and a housing finance analyst for Bank of America and Alliant Capital before joining Seattle politics.
From 2012 to 2014, Pedersen was a legislative aide to Seattle City Council President Tim Burgess, who later ran for mayor.
District 4 was named the key swing district in the city council race after the resignation of incumbent Rob Johnson, with Pedersen characterized as a conservative candidate among the primary field.
He opposed the Move Seattle and Sound Transit 3 transportation referendums as well as the construction of bicycle lanes on 35th Avenue Northeast in District 4.
Pedersen won 40 percent of the vote in the primary and advanced to the general election alongside Shaun Scott, a Democratic Socialist writer and organizer.
The two candidates took opposing sides in issues presented as debates, with Pedersen favoring the removal of homeless camps and reconsideration of the city's plans for neighborhood upzoning.
Pedersen won the election with 52 percent of the vote and was sworn in on November 26, 2019, replacing interim city councilmember Abel Pacheco Jr. His victory was credited to strong support in wealthier neighborhoods at the east edge of the district, while Scott earned more votes in the University District and Roosevelt.
Pedersen was assigned as the chair of the council's Transportation and Utilities Commission, which brought criticism from transportation advocacy groups based on his comments on previous referendums.
The Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing - Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Foreign Language Feature Film is an annual award given by the Motion Picture Sound Editors.
It honors sound editors whose work has warranted merit in the field of cinema; in this case, their work in the field of non-English language film.
It was first awarded in 1983, for films released the previous year, but was separated into two categories: Best Sound Editing - Foreign Feature - Dialogue and Best Sound Editing - Foreign Feature - Sound Effects This was amended in 1985, when ADR and sound effects were combined for the category Best Sound Editing - Foreign Feature.
It was not until 2018, when this award was first given under its current title, that this category awarded, exclusively, non-English language films.
Ramón Lobo Leyder (born 23 January 1955) is a Spanish-Venezuelan journalist and writer who currently works for Spanish newspaper El País.
From August 1992 until 2012, he worked as editor of the International section of El País, covering various conflicts: Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, Chechnya, Iraq, Lebanon, Argentina, Haiti, Rwanda, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Congo, Zimbabwe, Namibia and the Philippines.
In 2012, at an event at the Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH) in which the journalist Juan R. Gil and the writer José Luis V. Ferris also participated, he recounted his experiences in journalism.
In 2013, he began collaborating with El Periódico de Catalunya, of the Zeta Group writing a weekly article on Sundays in the international section under the heading 'Nomads' commenting on the main issues of global news.
August Grunau (12 July 1881 – 21 June 1931) was a German politician and Unionist, he was a member of the Weimar National Assembly representing the Catholic Centre Party.
Grunau was born in Klingerswalde, East Prussia (Podleśna, Poland), he started to work on farms and left East Prussia at the age of 15 to work in different factories in Westphalia and Hanover.
In 1906 he joined the Christian Association of factory and transport laborers and became its chairman in Hanover from 1907 to 1913.
The Chilean War of Independence (1810–1826) shaped an era of banditry as the war transitioned into irregular warfare known as Guerra a muerte (1819–1821) which was particularly destructive for the Biobío area and ended only to see a period of outlaw banditry occur until the late 1820s.
The rise of banditry made travel dangerous indeed 1812 is held as the date from where safe travel between Concepción and Santiago was not longer safe for small groups.
The Pincheira brothers, a royalist outlaw group based on indigenous territory east of the Andes was defeated and dissolved in 1832.
Following Chilean victories in War of the Pacific against Peru veterans begun to return in 1881 leading to a surge in banditry.
This led to opportunities bandits and veterans-turner-bandits to immigrate to the newly opened Aracanía territory, leading to sudden rise in violence and in a region that was recovering from Chilean-Mapuche warfare.
Banditry in Araucanía and Central Chile was begun to be suppressed in the late 19th century with the creation of the rural police Cuerpo de Gendarmes para las Colonias, a predecessor to Chile's main police force Carabineros de Chile.
Octavious Mangaliso Matika is a South African politician who serves as the Deputy Speaker of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature since May 2019.
Lindgren's daughter explained that Mr. Lilyvale could not be seen by anyone else because he flew away and hid as soon as someone entered the room.
Mr. Lilyvale is a more pleasant and friendly predecessor of Karlsson-on-the-Roof, into whom Mr. Lilyvale later turned, according to Astrid Lindgren.
In front of the Odenplan metro station on the north side of Odengatan there is a row of houses in which the fairy tale begins.
They can see the old town including the entertainment island of Djurgården, the Klara quarters, the Kronobergsparken, the museum Skansen, and they visit the island of Stadsholmen with the royal castle.
The book is recommended by organizations of nursing help (Superhands of the Johanniter), palliative medicine or hospices (Palliativzentrum Unna, Kinder- und Jugendhospiz Regenbogenland).
The list was introduced by the Natio40 to list the most popular songs and is broadcast on various radio stations in Suriname.
After completing his master's degree at the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, he attended Nanjing Agricultural University where he obtained his doctor's degree in 2002.
Kurankij was a commander in the Daylamite contingent in the army of Abu Abdallah al-Baridi, who had captured Baghdad on 31 May 941.
On 27 June, the soldiers in al-Baridi's army mutinied, and Kurankij was selected as the leader of the Daylamites, with Takinak selected as the leader of the Turkish contingent.
Kurankij and Takinak made common cause and joined their forces to attack al-Baridi and plunder the treasures that al-Baridi had collected.
The latter was able to save himself by cutting the bridge between eastern and western Baghdad, and speedily leaving the city, which was consumed by fighting as the populace joined in the army's revolt.
This arrangement did not last long, however: within a few days, the Banu'l-Jarrah brothers were dismissed, and Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Qarariti appointed vizier.
As al-Baridi had gathered new forces and come up from his base in Basra to Wasit, Kurankij sent his own troops under another Daylamite commander, Ispahan, to confront them.
When Kurankij received news of Ibn Ra'iq's march on Baghdad, he recalled Ispahan from Wasit, which almost immediately was captured by the Baridis.
Nevertheless, on 23 August a detachment of Ibn Ra'iq's army under Ibn Muqatil entered Baghdad, followed two days later by the bulk of Ibn Ra'iq's army, with Kurankij following behind a day later.
Kurankij and his men were reportedly contemptuous of their opponent, and Ibn Ra'iq himself is said to have contemplated returning to Syria.
But in a fight that broke out in the city itself, some of Ibn Ra'iq's men managed to attack the Daylamites from behind.
The top six teams from the regular season advanced to the playoff stage, with the top two teams receiving a bye to the semifinals.
The three teams that qualified for the World Championship in 2019 were Team Liquid (summer champions), Cloud9 (most championship points) and Clutch Gaming (regional finals winner).
The 20,000 men strong Division was then sent to Liguria and was from July to October 1944, part of the Army Group Liguria under Marshal Graziani.
In February 1945 the larger part of the Monterosa Division was transferred to the Piedmont Alps, where it fought against French regular and partisan forces in the Second Battle of the Alps until the end of the war.
Miguel Ángel Villarroya Vilalta (born 15 May 1957) is a Spanish Air Force general who is the current Chief of the Defence Staff.
Before this, from 2017 to 2020 he was the Chief of the Technical Cabinet of the Defence Ministers María Dolores de Cospedal (2017–2018) and Margarita Robles (2018–2020).
A year later, he joined the General Air Force Academy in San Javier, where he started his military studies, obtaining its lieutenant rank in 1980, at the 32nd promotion.
After finishing his studies at the Air Force Academy in 1980, he joined the Matacán Schools Group at the Matacán Air Force Base, a group of schools to training air force officials for command as well as other air force skills.
In July 1996, he is assigned to the Operative Aire Force Command HQ and two years later, in November 1998, he is promoted to lieutenant colonel.
From 2000 y 2005 he served as the chief of the Torrejón Air Force Base forces, being promoted to colonel and promoted to chief of the mentioned Air Base, a position he hold from 2005 to 2011.
In April 2012, he was appointed Deputy Director of the European Air Group until May 2014, when he was appointed chief of the General Secretariat of the Aire Force General Staff.
As divisional general, he was appointed as Chief of the Canary Islands Air Command until April 2017, when Defence Minister, María Dolores de Cospedal, appointed him as her Technical Cabinet Director, being promoted at the same time to lieutenant general.
In June 2018, the change of government led Margarita Robles to take leadership of the Ministry of Defense, renewing confidence in Villarroya as director of the Technical Cabinet.
In January 2020, prime minister Pedro Sánchez appointed him as Chief of the Defence Staff, as well as promoting him to Air General.
Cao Jianguo (; born August 1963) is a Chinese engineer currently serving as chairman and party branch secretary of Aero Engine Corporation of China.
In March 2016, he was promoted to chairman and party branch secretary of the newly founded Aero Engine Corporation of China.
He is a delegate to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and an alternate member of the 19th CPC Central Committee.
Ashu started his political career when he was elected as a Municipal Councillor in the year 1997 from ward number 48 of Ludhiana.
During his first tenure, he remained as the Municipal Councillor from 1997-2002, from 2002-2007 and from 2007-2012 (from ward number 54).
In the year 2012, he was allotted a ticket of the Indian National Congress to contest from Ludhiana West Vidhan Sabha constituency and he becomes the Deputy CLP leader in the Punjab Vidhan Sabha.
All of Vermont's executive officers will be up for election as well as Vermont's at-large seat in the United States House of Representatives.
Incumbent Progressive/Democratic Lieutenant Governor Dave Zuckerman (since 2017) declined to run for a third term, and is instead running for governor.
All 30 seats in the Vermont Senate and all 150 seats of the Vermont House of Representatives will be up for election.
Knockroe Passage Tomb is a prehistoric site, of the Neolithic period, in the townland of Knockroe in County Kilkenny, Ireland, about 10 km north of Carrick-on-Suir.
There are two chambers on the site: the larger western chamber is aligned so that sunlight at sunset at the winter solstice shines along the passageway.
Excavations, led by Muiris O'Sullivan of the Department of Archaeology at University College Dublin, have been conducted for several years at the site.
Lake Mackay is a locality in the Northern Territory of Australia located on the territory’s south-east adjoining the border with the state of Western Australia about south of the territory capital of Darwin and about west of the municipal seat in Alice Springs.
The locality consists of the following land (from north to south) – the Lake Mackay Aboriginal Land Trust, the Mount Doreen Station pastoral property, The former Newhaven Station pastoral property and the western part of the Haasts Bluff Aboriginal Land Trust.
The Tanami Road passes through the locality from Yuendumu in the south to the north-west via Mount Dooreen Station on its way to Halls Creek.
The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Lake Mackay had five people living within its boundaries.
Lake Mackay is located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Stuart and the local government areas of the Central Desert Region and the MacDonnell Region.
He specializes in playing and promoting the boogie woogie genre, almost exclusively improvised, often combined with classical, jazz, blues, rock & roll, and traditional Irish music themes.
Despite experiencing serious health problems at the time, Howell came to then seventeen-year-old Kavanagh's home and gave him three free piano lessons with focus on Howell's boogie woogie style.
Despite his strong interest in the boogie woogie style, he continued pursuing classical piano, eventually studying under international concert pianist and professor Nelly Ben-Or, completing his Grade 8 practical and theory requirements.
Kavanagh today considers professor Ben-Or, who was very receptive to his improvisational boogie-woogie tendencies, as his classical mentor, alongside Hammy Howell as his boogie-woogie mentor.
In his late teens, Kavanagh played keyboard (with some vocals) for numerous Country and Irish bands around the pubs of north London.
He credits this early exposure to rowdy pub crowds with helping him cope with the often unpredictable situations he encounters today in open public piano appearances.
After completing his academic studies Kavanagh taught English and Latin at secondary school, but became quickly disillusioned with the British educational system.
With the advent of smartphones which allow virtually anyone to easily capture and widely disseminate musical performances, he began performing in open public venues.
Nowadays, he performs as Dr. K, often wearing his signature dark hoodie and shades, or sometimes wearing a workman uniform, playing incognito in front of often astonished passersby on public pianos at train stations, airports and other open public venues, mostly around London.
His impromptu performances, often weaving together classical, boogie woogie, Irish and popular themes, are captured and uploaded to his YouTube channel, where he has amassed over 1 million subscribers.
More Left () was an electoral alliance formed by More for Mallorca (Més), More for Menorca (MxMe) and Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) to contest the November 2019 Spanish general election in the Balearic Islands, as a successor of the Progressive Voices coalition that ran in the April election, without the participation of Now Ibiza (Ara), that gave external support.
Guillem Balboa, who headed the predecessor candidacy, was also the candidate for this alliance, which did not win any seat with a score of just over 4% of the valid votes.
The Waterman Place-Kingsbury Place-Washington Terrace Historic District in St. Louis, Missouri is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
The district is bounded by Union Boulevard, the alley south of Waterman Place, Belt Ave., the alley south of Kingsbury Place, Clara Ave., and the former alley line between Washington Terrace and Delmar.
The boys' cross-country cross freestyle cross-country skiing competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 18 January at the Vallée de Joux Cross-Country Centre.
Governing during the 9th legislature of the Sejm and the 10th legislature of the Senate, it is led by Mateusz Morawiecki.
Sir Edward Grimwood Mears (21 January 1869 - 20 May 1963) is best known for the knighthood he received for his role as secretary of the Dardanelles Commission, and his later role as a British Chief Justice of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, India.
He later gave up his practice at the bar to at first work on the Committee on Alleged German Outrages, which looked at the 1914-15 German atrocities in Belgium and then the Royal Commission on the Easter Rising in Ireland.
He graduated from Exeter College, University of Oxford, in 1893 and two years later was called to the bar at the Inner Temple.
After the death of his wife Annie in 1943, Mears in 1951 married her cousin, Margaret Tempest, an author and illustrator of children's books.
At the request of the British government, Mears gave up his practice at the bar to work on the Bryce Commission, also known as the Committee on Alleged German Outrages, which looked at the 1914-15 German atrocities in Belgium.
In 1918, he was Lord Reading's assistant on a trip to Washington, when he represented Britain on the inter-allied cereal committee.
He despised Indian nationalism and during his time in Allahabad, he tried to persuade Jawaharlal Nehru to become education minister for the British government in India.
He [Mears], was reported to have informed Irwin, of his discussion about India's request for Dominion status at one meeting with Motilal Nehru in 24 March 1929, at the residence of Tej Bahadur Sapru.
Igor Bukhman (born March 29, 1982) is a Russian entrepreneur, billionaire and co-founder of the biggest game studio in Russia and CIS region Playrix.
In the Rinzai Zen temple of was later founded at the foot of the mountain where Ōyama-dera was located, and claims to be its successor.
In 1928, the foundation stones of the pagoda of Ōyama-dera were discovered, along with the foundation stones for three other buildings from the Heian period and two buildings from the Kamakura period, along with a very large number of roof tiles and ceramic shards.
The Higashinomiya Kofun is located at the northwest end of the Aki Hills on the left bank of the Kiso River in the northeast of Inuyama city.
Built by cutting away a natural hill with an altitude of 135 meters, it has a typical keyhole-shaped form and a view of the Owari Plain.
Since one of the rear parts was broken into and partially destroyed, emergency excavations were conducted by the Inuyama City Board of Education in 1973.
All of the excavated items were designated as Important Cultural Properties of Japan and are now stored at the Kyoto National Museum.
The South and Central American Men's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior national handball teams of South America and Central America, and takes place every two years.
In addition to crowning the South and Central American champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the World Handball Championship.
The South and Central American Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior national handball teams of South America and Central America, and takes place every two years.
In addition to crowning the South and Central American champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the World Handball Championship.
She competed at the 2005 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival and the 2006 Junior World Championships, 2007 and 2008 Junior World Championships without breaking into the top 10.
She made her FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in January 2011 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, collecting her first World Cup points in her next race, a 16th place in giant slalom in Arber-Zwiesel.
Following several meagre years, she experienced a minor breakthrough in December 2017, recording 21st and 10th places in Val d'Isère and a 20th place in Bad Kleinkirchheim in January 2018.
However, after reverting to several placements in the 30s and 40s rank she collected her final World Cup points in December 2019 in Val Gardena, finishing 27th in the super-G.
She did not compete in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 World Cup circuits, and competed without finishing a single race in the 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19 World Cup circuits.
Sleightholme was a pupil at Northampton School for Boys, and he began playing in the Northampton Saints youth system from the age of 13.
He played for the England rugby sevens team at the 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games in the Bahamas, and he scored a try in his team's loss to Samoa in the final.
He scored a try on his debut for England under-18s in a 42-14 win against Wales under-18s on 25 March 2018.
And he made his Premiership debut three weeks later, scoring his first Northampton try 14 seconds after coming on as a second-half replacement against Wasps.
Sleightholme was named in the England squad for the 2019 Six Nations Under 20s Championship, and he made his debut in the opening game against Ireland.
Sleightholme also played at the 2019 World Rugby Under 20 Championship, and he scored two tries as England lost to Ireland in the opening game.
He subsequently scored a try in England's final pool game against Australia, with England eventually finishing the tournament in fifth place.
She competed at the 2009 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival, the 2012 and 2013 Junior World Championships with a 33rd place as her best individual result, but on the other hand she won a silver medal in the 2012 team event.
She improved to a 17th place in December 2014 in Kühtai, but then competed without finishing a single race in the 2015–16 or 2016–17 World Cup circuits.
He also recorded a 19th place in March 2014, but then competed without finishing a single race in the 2015–16, 2016–17 or 2017–18 World Cup circuits.
Born in Frauenfeld, Danuser studied piano, oboe, musicology, philosophy and German language and literature at the Musikhochschule and the University of Zurich from 1965; he received his doctorate with a dissertation on musical prose.
From 1982 to 1988, Danuser taught as professor for musicology at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover, then from 1988 to 1993 as professor for musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg.
From 1993 until his retirement in 2014, he held the chair for Historical Musicology at the Institute for Musicology and Media Studies of the Humboldt University of Berlin.
Danuser also coordinates research at the Basel; from 1996 to 2017 he was member of the board of trustees of the .
Danuser's research focuses on music history of the 18th to 20th centuries, musical interpretation, the more recent history of music theory and aesthetics of music, and music analysis; he combines work analysis, music-aesthetic discourse formation, biography, genre and institutional history.
Hundreds of essays and articles in specialist periodicals and reference works, introductions, forewords and epilogues, honours, newspaper articles and much more  a.m.
She experienced a minor breakthrough around New Years' 2008, finishing 10th in Lienz and 13th in Špindlerův Mlýn, both giant slalom events, and again managed a 10th place in October 2009 in Sölden.
She now works as a social worker and raises her awareness of the contraction of blood disease and importance of immunization relating to her disability.
On Christmas Eve 1995 while studying psychology at Humboldt State University, Benn was aged 18 and had the first signs of the disease when she had difficulty walking along with burning pain in her legs and numbness on the right side of her body.
She went to the emergency room to see a doctor after her mother concerned with the symptoms that Benn was showing, within one hour of arriving at the hospital she went into shock and was admitted into the intensive care unit where she was under supervision with doctors who took various tests to determine the diagnosis.
After she received the diagnosis of meningococcemia, a rare and fatal bacterial blood infection, she was forced to have her arms amputated below the elbows and legs above the knee to save her life after contracting gangrene from kidney failure and poor blood circulation.
She began long distance swimming by competing in a 1.2 mile open water swimming event at La Jolla, California where she was noticed by a triathlon coach who trained with disabled swimmers.
Benn's teammate Joe McCarthy, who too is a disabled due to paralysis, encouraged her to compete in the Paralympics and participate in the Paralympic trials in Indianapolis in June 2000.
She successfully qualified to compete in the 2000 Paralympic Games where she won a silver medal then won a silver and two bronze medals at 2004 Summer Paralympics.
She made her FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in December 2010 in Courchevel, also collecting her first World Cup points with a 28th place.
Her last World Cup points came in the same race two years later, where she finished 16th , but she then proceeded to compete in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 World Cup circiuts without finishing any races.
Designed by Allies and Morrison, it consists of two main buildings, the tallest of which, Bayside Vista, is a 15-storey tower that reaches and is the tallest building in Worthing.
It is bounded by Brighton Road to the north, Splashpoint Leisure Centre to the west, Merton Road to the east and the town's seafront and beach to the south.
The 141-home scheme with a new seafront square, cafe and of commercial space was approved by Worthing Borough Council in January 2017.
Once approved, Peter Bottomley, MP for Worthing West called for a Government inquiry into the plans but the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, Sajid Javid declined the request to intervene.
Designed to act as a counterpoint to the horizontal massing of the adjacent Splashpoint Leisure Centre, Bayside acts as a marker of the start of the town centre esplanade and beach, with a lantern-like structure.
When it was topped out on 1 October 2019 it overtook Manor Lea in West Worthing which had previously been Worthing's tallest building at tall since it was built in 1967.
She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2019 FINA Women's Water Polo World League, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
Mike Evans Kibwage (born 01 October 1997) is a Kenya footballer who plays as a defender for Kenya Commercial Bank S.C. and the Kenya national team.
Mike a former student of Mukumu Boys High School (class of 2016), in Kakamega is considered one of the best best center backs in east Africa with his composure on the ball and leadership skills unrivalled.
Kibwage made his debut for Kenyan Premier League club AFC Leopards in 2017 in a match against Tusker F.C in 2017, he went on to make 47 appearances for the team and won the GOTV shield in 2017 with them.
The hospital expanded in the first half of the 20th century taking over many of the old workhouse buildings on Arden Street to the immediate north of the old Victorian hospital.
The facility joined the National Health Service in 1948 and, after new buildings had been built on the old workhouse site, the old Victorian hospital was sold and rebuilt, albeit retaining the original clock tower and much of the exterior features, as a hotel (now known as the DoubleTree by Hilton Stratford-upon-Avon) in 1996.
The facilities were completely replaced by a new building, which was built by Speller Metcalfe on the Arden Street site at a cost of £22 million: the new building was completed in July 2017.
Hristo Ivanov (Bulgarian: Христо Иванов; born 5 December 2000) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Spartak Varna, on loan from Slavia Sofia.
In January 2020 he and his teammate Martin Achkov, were send on loan to the Second League team Spartak Varna until end of the season.
The George Washington Memorial Highway, sometimes called the George Washington Highway or the George Washington Bicentennial Highway, is an auto trail in Massachusetts that commemorates the route taken by George Washington when he traveled through the state.
The highway apparently stems from a 1913 proposal from the Sons of the American Revolution for a route through the 13 original colonies, to be named the George Washington Highway.
9596, who called from the creation of the George Washington Bicentennial Highway as a transcontinental highway, running from Boston through Washington D.C. and across the nation to San Francisco.
Nonetheless, as documented in these hearings, the states of Connecticut and Massachusetts had already agreed to establish the George Washington Highway from New York City to Boston.
It followed the route that Washington traveled twice: when taking command of the Continental Army, and later in the fall of 1789 after he became President.
The United Kingdom Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is a planned Home Office electronic system that will be used to pre-check migrants travelling to the UK.
The system will operate using an online application which is checked against a variety of security databases, and if the person has not committed a crime they will be given travel authorisation.
If the person has committed a crime, their application will go for further review to decide whether or not to allow them travel authorisation.
Rise of the Red Engineers : The Cultural Revolution and the Origins of China's New Class is authored by Joel Andreas, published in 2009 and published in Chinese in 2017.
The 1981 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders.
Théodore Ber (7 March 1820–21 November 1900), was a French archaeologist and anthropologist who spent most of his adult life in Peru.
A talented young man, he was hired by an atelier in Paris, and later established his own company for exporting clothing to South America.
After a stormy divorce, he moved to Chile in 1860 and Peru in 1863, where, notwithstanding his lack of education, he found employment as professor of French language and history.
He also maintained his socialist ideas, and when he learned about the revolutionary situation in France, he returned to his home country and joined the Commune of Paris, serving for a short period as personal secretary of Commune leader Louis Charles Delescluze.
In the mid-1870s, he developed an interest in archaeology and anthropology and participated in the first excavations of the archaeological site of Ancon.
He took notes of the excavations, and sent several boxes with artifacts and comments to French anthropologist Paul Broca, whose books he had read and appreciated.
In Peru, Ber found himself in competition with French-Austrian explorer Charles Wiener, who had also obtained French official support for his activities.
While still formally working for the French government, Ber obtained financial support from American businessman Henry Meiggs for an archaeological expedition to Tiwanaku, Bolivia, in 1876–1877, against the promise of donating the artifacts he will find, on behalf of Meiggs, to Washington's Smithsonian Institution and the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
The expedition to Tiwanaku was cut short by the violent hostility of the local population, instigated by the Catholic parish priest, but with the help of photographer Georg von Grumbkow, Ber was able to send to Paris a set of pictures documenting the status of the ruins of Tiwanaku in the 1870s.
His French friends, however, managed to have him re-appointed for short-term official missions to Peru in 1875 and 1890, and invited to international conferences.
A lifelong member of Freemasonry, he had quarreled with his local lodge in Lima and no longer attended the meetings, and his political opinions had also antagonized other members of the French community in Peru.
Scientist and artists have been studying solutions to contemporary challenges in building construction and industrial design that use living tissue instead of inanimate material.
Antonio Sagardía Ramos (Zaragoza, 5 January 1880 – Madrid, 16 January 1962) was a Spanish military officer who fought for the Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War.
Once the Spanish Civil War began following the Spanish coup of July 1936, Sagardía Ramos was called by one of the rebel leaders, General Emilio Mola, to rejoin the Army.
A few weeks later he participated in the final offensive of the Spanish Civil War, and on 30 March he entered Alcalá de Henares at the head of his unit.
The course of the river flows entirely in the Jacques-Cartier National Park which is affiliated with the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq).
The Sautauriski River valley is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of the Sautauriski River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Sautauriski River originates from Lake Nouvel (length: ; altitude: ), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
The Sautauriski River takes its source from Nouvel Lake (length: ; altitude: ), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the MRC La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.. Its discharge located on the east bank includes a small dam.
The Sautauriski River flows on the east bank of the Jacques-Cartier River within the boundaries of the township units of Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury.
From this confluence, the current follows the course of the Jacques-Cartier River generally south on to the northeast bank of the Saint Lawrence river..
According to the Commission de toponymie du Québec, the Wendat (Huron) chief Nicolas Vincent was the first to mention the toponym, in 1829, before a special committee of the Lower Canada House of Assembly charged with to study the problem of the reduction of arable land in the St. Lawrence Valley and the consequences for Aboriginals of the concession of public land for colonization purposes.
On a plan which he then erected of the territory frequented by the Wendats, the chief Vincent inscribed the form Tsoolareske.
Marguerite Vincent, in The Huron Nation: Its History, Culture, Spirit (1984), takes up the interpretation of Nicolas Vincent and specifies that the Wendats went to the Sautauriski sector to obtain long barks for manufacturing canoes and basketwork.
Bartoš was viewed as front-runner as he received nominations from 9 regional organisations while Pikal and Ferjenčík only one nomination each.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 40 reviews and an average rating of 7.91/10.
Wasawasa is a popular dish, eaten in the Northern part of Ghana, and in some West African countries such as Burkina Faso.
There are a variety of ingredients that can be used to prepare Wasawasa dish though these ingredients may be dependent on the choices of the beneficiaries but the most common or primary ingredients include; yam flour, salt, freshly ground pepper, water for steaming, onions, groundnut or shea butter oil.
Yosef Yoel Rivlin (, 11 October 1889–April 15, 1971) was an Israeli Oriental studies scholar, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a member of the Academy of the Hebrew Language.
Yosef Yoel Rivlin was born in Jerusalem on October 11, 1889, to Reuven Rivlin, a scion of the Rivlin family, and Ita Rivka Shapira (the sister of the Zionist settler Avraham Shapira), who died when he was born.
He studied in the Talmud Torah of the Etz Chaim Yeshiva, in the Lemel school, and at the Ezra teachers college.
He was one of the first teachers in the Teacher's College founded by David Yellin and among the leaders of the supporters of Hebrew medium education in the War of the Languages.
In 1917, he was imprisoned in Damascus after being forcibly conscripted into the Ottoman Military, and after his release he remained there and taught at the Hebrew School for Girls.
Together with a group of Jewish educators, he returned to Palestine at the end of 1918, and in January 1919 he was sent back to Damascus by David Yellin to run the Hebrew School for Girls.
When it was replaced by the Academy of the Hebrew Language, Rivlin became one of its members, and remained one until his death.
Rivlin translated Islamic literature into Hebrew, including translation of the Quran (published in 1936) and the Arabian Nights (32 volumes were published between 1947 and 1971).
The Quran translation sticks closely to the Arabic text, so it is flowery and hard to read fluently, but it excels in remaining close to the original.
He scored the only goal of the 1958 Cupa României final against Progresul București, which helped Politehnica Timișoara win the first trophy in the club's history.
Petre Cădariu played one game at international level for Romania in a 1958 friendly against East Germany which ended with a 3–2 loss.
He is faculty at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and the Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; he is also the Dhiraj Shah Faculty Fellow at the NJIT Albert Dorman Honors College.
He grew up in Singapore where he attended Parry primary school, Kuo Chuan Presbyterian Secondary School for his O levels and Nanyang Junior College for his A levels.
During his undergraduate program in biomedical engineering at Northwestern University, he did research in synthetic biomaterials in the lab of Guillermo Ameer, ScD.
In 2006, he started pursuing his doctoral in bioengineering with Elliot Chaikof, MD, Ph.D, at Georgia Tech and Emory University in Atlanta, where he was awarded the American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship, graduating in 2011.
Vivek began his post-doctoral work in 2011 with Elliot Chaikof at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School.
He continued his post-doctoral work with Jeffrey Hartgerink at Rice University in 2012 till 2016, and was awarded the NIH F32 fellowship for his work.
He currently serves at the New Jersey Institute of Technology as an assistant professor in biomedical engineering, chemical engineering as well as an assistant professor of restorative dentistry at Rutgers School of Dental Medicine.
He has co-authored over 30 peer-reviewed journal articles, over 4 dozen abstracts, co-invented over a dozen patents/applications; and is the director of the KumarLab for Biomaterials Drug Discovery, Delivery and Development.
At Rice University, Vivek alongside Jeffrey Hartgerink created a new high-tech hydrogel to aid healing and make natural tissue recovery easier for humans.
NangioTx, his Biotechnology startup, was awarded the TMCx Bioventures 2015 1st place award, 2016 OPEN prize and was the winner of the first pitch competition at the first Life Pitch Science Competition by Mid Atlantic Bio Angels in 2016.. NangioTX was also a finalist for Mass Challenge 2016-2017 under the healthcare and life sciences category.
The Apostolic Nunciature to Mauritius represents the interests of the Holy See to officials of the Catholic Church, civil society, and government offices in Mauritius.
The position of Apostolic Delegate is a diplomatic one, held by a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
Javier Gómez-Navarro Navarrete (born 13 September 1945) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Trade and Tourism from July 1993 to May 1996.
Project 10510 Lider (), also known through the Russian type size series designations LK-110Ya and LK-120Ya, is a planned series of Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers.
The latter's primary mission would be to ensure reliable year-round shipping in the Russian Arctic, including transit cargo along the Northern Sea Route as well as transportation of raw materials and natural resources produced from the continental shelf.
As traditional icebreaker-led convoys were seen preferable over independently-operating ships, the principal characteristics such as a beam of and capability of breaking up to thick ice were specified with escorting of large-tonnage vessels in mind.
In the late 2000s, increasing shipping activity in the Russian Arctic and the prospect of turning the Northern Sea Route into a year-round shortcut between Western Europe and Asia called for the development of more powerful icebreakers.
The result, Project 10510, was a nuclear-powered icebreaker design intended for escorting cargo ships and tankers with a beam of and deadweight tonnage of 100,000tonnes year-round along the entire Northern Sea Route.
With a propulsion power of 120 megawatts, the icebreaker would be capable of maintaining an average escort speed of in ice.
In February 2019, CEO of Zvezda, Sergei Tseluyko, confirmed during an interview with TASS that the plan is to build three Project 10510 icebreakers at the shipyard.
On 15 January 2020, shortly before resigning, then Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a governmental order allocating 125.57 billion rubles of federal money for financing the construction of the first Project 10510 icebreaker for Rosatom from 2020 onwards and commissioning it by 2027.
Previously, the funding for the construction of the icebreaker had been excluded from the 2017–2025 state program for the development of the Arctic as funding had been cut from 209.7 billion to 50.9 billion rubles.
While these sleek yacht-like design studies have been sometimes incorrectly thought to represent the actual Project 10510 icebreaker design, the actual design is a departure from the more angular previous nuclear icebreakers.
Schmid decided after his Abitur first to study violin at the Leopold Mozart Centre in Augsburg with the , before studying musicology, philosophy and history of art at the universities of Salzburg, Freiburg and Munich.
Schmid has held various teaching positions at the Universities of Munich and Bayreuth, the music academies in Munich and Augsburg, as well as a position as director of the Munich Musical Instrument Museum.
In 1986 Schmid was appointed full professor of musicology at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen as successor to Georg von Dadelsen.
Schmid is considered an internationally renowned Mozart expert, but in his work he devotes himself to the entire European musical tradition from ancient music to new music.
However, his main focus lies on the music of the First Viennese School, the German Romantic music and the Renaissance music.
Further fields of interest of Schmid are besides the general historical musicology especially the musical instrument, the noatation and the Ethnomusicology.
It shares borders with Tala upazila and Kapilmuni union on the north, Lata union on the east and Jalarpur union of Tala upazila in Satkhira district on the west and Gadaipur union on the south.
Following the election, Edinburgh Corporation was composed of 31 Progressives, 21 Labour councillors, 7 SNP councillors, 6 Conservatives, 2 Liberals, and 2 independents.
Guyana–Trinidad and Tobago relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
The two nations share many similarities with each other due to their similar culture, lingustic, religions and both being a part of the British Empire at some point in their history.
Both countries are a part of the Commonwealth of Nations and CARICOM and both have Queen Elizabeth as the Head of State.
In the 1990s, under the Paris Club Agreement, Trinidad and Tobago forgave hundred of millions of US Dollars worth of debt that Guyana owed.
In 2018, the two nations signed a memondrum of understanding on energy to further allow cooperation between the two nations on energy needs and exchange resources.
Zoe Pikramenou is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Photophysics at the University of Birmingham, where she is the first female professor in the chemistry department.
This research is in partnership with the Canadian company Sona Nanotech Inc. Pikramenou has researched other applications of gold nanoparticles, including their use in tracking blood flow in capillary networks.
As part of her doctoral research at Michigan State University, Pikramenou invented a nanoparticle bucket, which lights up when in contains a particular compound.
In 2017, Pikramenou and her co-researcher Nicola J Rogers, were granted a patent to protect their invention of a new process of combining at least one metal complex and a surfactant.
Pikramenou graduated in 1993 from Michigan State University with a PhD in Chemistry, following a BA in Chemistry from the University of Athens in 1987.
The company has developed technology that can match faces to a database of more than three billion images scraped from the Internet.
Founded by Hoan Ton-That and Richard Schwartz, the company maintained a low profile until late 2019, when its usage by law enforcement was reported on.
Clearview AI has contracted with the New York State Police, as well as several local police departments, including the Atlanta Police Department and the Broward County Sheriff's Office, and has misrepresented its usage at other agencies.
In late 2017, Clearview (then Smartcheckr) hired a contractor, later doxed as 'Ricky Vaughn', a pseudonym for Douglass Mackey, who is associated with alt-right white supremacist congressional candidate Paul Nehlen.
Clearview claims to have had no knowledge of the contractor's Ricky Vaughn persona, and the technology in the proposal does not exist.
The identification was submitted to the New York Police Department tip line, but the NYPD did not use this tip to identify the suspect, and stated they have no institutional relationship with Clearview, though some 'rogue officers' use it.
Clearview also linked their product to a child predator sting in New Jersey, and used the name and likeness of New Jersey Attorney General Gubir S. Grewal.
In a January 24 2020 letter, counsel at the AG's office wrote this appears to violate state and federal laws, demanding Clearview immediately cease and desist.
Grewal also banned the use of Clearview by state prosecutors and police, and began an effort to find out where it or similar products had been used.
After discovering Clearview AI was scraping images from their site, Twitter sent a cease-and-desist letter, insisting that they remove all images as it is against Twitter's policies.
Ton-That first gained public notice in 2009, when he created ViddyHo, a website that spammed users' contacts and was described as phishing or a computer worm.
Richard Schwartz (born 1959) is a graduate of Columbia University and New York University, holding degrees in History and Public Policy.
Schwartz continued working with Stern during Stern's tenure as New York City Parks Commissioner under New York City Mayor Ed Koch.
He served as Editorial Editor at the New York Daily News in the 2000s, where he was shortlisted for three Pulitzer Prizes.
Clearview AI hired Paul Clement, a former Solicitor General and former acting United States Attorney General to help assuage privacy concerns.
Former New York City Police Commissioner and executive chairman of Teneo Risk Chief Bill Bratton challenged privacy concerns and recommended strong procedures for law enforcement usage in an op-ed in New York Daily News.
William John Millican (April 24, 1903 - November 13, 1944), was a decorated submarine commander in the United States Navy during World War II.
Commander Millican was twice awarded the Navy Cross, but was presumed killed in action when the submarine he was commanding, the USS Escolar (SS-294), was overdue and presumed lost.
This was the first class to enter under the reduced appointee law following the Washington Naval Conference, designed to reduce the size of the Navies of United States, Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal.
The next year he was transferred to the USS Nevada (BB-36) and was promoted to Lieutenant, Junior Grade in the summer of 1931.
On June 21, 1932, after finishing the submarine course, Millican reported for his first submarine assignment aboard the USS S-10 (SS-115).
On June 19, 1938, Millican arrived in Honolulu aboard the SS Lurline, and joined the crew of the USS S-29 (SS-134).
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the S-18 departed her base Bremerton on January 12, 1942 to patrol the Aleutian Islands on her first war patrol.
After the completion of the third war patrol on March 27, 1942, LCDR James H. Newsome took command of the S-18.
On June 26, 1942, the USS Thresher, under command of Millican, commenced her fourth war patrol, patrolling the waters between the Palau and the Marshall Islands.
On 6 July, Millican received the chance he didn't have on his first three war patrols, an enemy tanker was sighted entering the channel to the Maloelap Atoll.
On July 9, 1942, the USS Thresher was near the Kwajalein Atoll when it identified a destroyer tender, the Shinsho Maru.
The Millican had some other enemy encounters before ending the USS Thresher's war patrol at Fremantle, Australia, as the Thresher had been assigned to the Southwest Pacific Submarine Forces.
Millican conducted two more war patrols in command of the USS Thresher ending his sixth war patrol on March 10, 1943.
On February 4, 1943, Millican was awarded his first Navy Cross for his actions commanding the USS Thresher on her forth and fifth war patrols.
On his sixth war patrol, Millican was credited with sinking 26,000 tons of enemy shipping and damaging an additional 11,000 tons.
Millican was awarded a golden star in lieu of a second Navy Cross for his success in the USS Threshers sixth war patrol.
On September 18, 1944 the USS Escolar finished training based at Pearl Harbor and put out to sea on her first war patrol.
After topping off fuel at Midway, she joined the USS Croaker and the USS Perch (SS-313) for a coordinated war patrol in the Yellow Sea which she directed.
Since Japanese records consulted after the war show no antisubmarine action at that time in the area where Escolar is believed to have been, it is assumed that she struck a mine and sank with all hands.
On April 16, 1952 a plaque at the field was presented by Admiral Charles Momsen, the inventor of the Momsen lung.
While Millican's body was never recovered, he is listed on a memorial in the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, in the Philippines.
The 1984 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix.
The most important contributions of various authors from the history of research were compiled on a single topic - usually in chronological order.
DJ International Records is a Chicago record label founded in 1985 which specialized in house music, a type of electronic dance music.
It is responsible for the import of oil and gas as well as for the generation and feed-in of electricity into the Maltese power grid.
A power plant in Floriana (1896 to 1960), a power plant in Corradino (1939 to 1992) and Station A in Marsa (1953 to 1993) were operated by Enemalta until their shutdown.
In 2006 the two power plants of the Enemalta produced 2261189 MWh and released 0.8782 kg CO2 for every kilowatt hour generated..
Upon assuming office as Minister for Energy in 2013, Konrad Mizzi started implementing the Government’s energy plan with the primary aim of reducing utility tariffs.
Previously utility tariffs in Malta were considered amongst the highest tariffs in Europe, and following the reductions utility tariffs become the fourth cheapest in the European Union.
This saw the transformation of the energy in Malta, contrasting with the situation when Mizzi was given the responsibility when Enemalta was close to declare bankruptcy, with €840 million in debt and was consecutively downgraded by Standard & Poor’s.
In December 2014 Shanghai Electric signed an agreement with the Government of Malta where it acquired a minority stake in the local energy producer Enemalta.
The restructuring envisaged new investment in the local distribution system, as well as transition from oil-fired energy generation to cleaner technology, such as the Malta-Sicily interconnector, gas-fired plants and renewable energy sources.
Shanghai Electric is expected to be investing in the conversion to gas of an existing power plant which at present is powered by heavy fuel oil, valued at around €70million.
In 2016, and following the investment by Shanghai Electric and the restructuring process that followed, Standard and Poor's upgraded Enemalta's rating to BB- with a stable outlook.
The third pillar of the energy plan will also result in the closure of the Malta power plant which has been operating since 1969.
The Marsa power plant has been shut down, on cold standby, pending the completion of the new gas fired power plant.
The local Opposition party criticised the Government of Malta that this plant has been shut down due to measures implemented by the previous Government and not due to the current Government’s plans.
The second pillar that would be sustaining cheaper utility tariffs in the long-term was the development of a gas fired power plant.
The Delimara Power and Gas project is being developed by Electrogas Malta Limited, a consortium that includes SOCAR, Siemens and Gem Holdings.
However, following parliamentary questions in the European Parliament by Malta’s European People’s Party, the European Commission stated that there were no procurement violations.
Through the Delimara Power and Gas project, Malta will be conforming for the first time, with the N-1 principle which is stipulated by European Union directives.
Such concept enabled Malta to shift its financial resources onto other sectors, while simultaneously enjoying the benefits of modern and efficient infrastructure.
The development of the gas fired power plant and the conversion to gas of another power plant is in line with the Energy policy of the European Union, that encourages the shift to gas in the energy sector.
Lindheimera texana, commonly known as Texas yellow star, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family.
Leaves on the lower half on the plant are alternate and coarsely toothed, but on the upper half are opposite and smooth on the edges.
In computer science and mathematics more precisely in automata theory, model theory and formal language a regular numerical predicate is a kind of relation over integers.
One of the main interest of this class of predicates is that it can be defined in plenty of different ways, using different logical formalisms.
Furthermore, most of the definitions uses only basic notions, and thus allows to relate fundations of various fields of fundamental computer science such as automata theory, syntactic semigroup, model theory and semigroup theory.
Given a vector of formula_2 integers formula_11, it is represented by the word formula_12 of length formula_13 whose formula_14-th letter is formula_15.
Predicates are encoded into languages in a different way, and the predicate is said to be regular if and only if the language is regular.
The vector formula_38 is represented by the word formula_39 such that, the projection of formula_12 over it's formula_14-th component is formula_42.
This is a word whose letters are the vectors formula_45, formula_46 and formula_46 and whose projection over each components are formula_48, formula_49 and formula_48.
As in the previous definition, the numerical predicate formula_20 is said to be regular if formula_18 is a regular language over the alphabet formula_8.
A predicate is regular if and only if it can be defined by a monadic second order formula formula_55, or equivalently by an existential monadic second order formula, where the only atomic predicate is the successor function formula_56.
In order to introduce the definition of regular predicate in this case, we need to introduce the notion of section of a predicate.
Then formula_85 is the predicate which adds the constant formula_63, and formula_87 is the predicate which states that the sum of its two elements is formula_63.
The predicate formula_20 is regular if and only if for each increasing sequence of set formula_105, formula_106 is a recognizable submonoid of formula_107.
The predicate formula_20 is regular if and only if all languages which can be defined in first order logic with atomic predicates for letters and the atomic predicate formula_20 are regular.
The predicate formula_20 is non regular if and only if there exists a formula in formula_112 which defines the multiplication by a rational formula_113.
This theorem is due to the previous property and the fact that the satisfiability of formula_119 is undecidable when formula_120 and formula_121.
Lake Sautauriski is a freshwater body crossed from north to south by the Sautauriski River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The watershed area of Sautauriski Lake is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of Lake Sautauriski is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Sautauriski dam is located at its mouth, at the bottom of a bay in the southern part of the lake.
This lake encased between the mountains has five large bays, the longest of which stretches over to the northeast and receives from the northeast the discharge from the Sautauriski River.
We find at the mouth of the lake the Sautauriski dam, which has a height of and a capacity of .
From the dam at the mouth of Lake Sautauriski, the current descends for generally southward following the course of the Sautauriski River; then generally south on along the current of the Jacques-Cartier river to the northeast shore of the St. Lawrence River.
The Delimara power station is located near Marsaxlokk in the southeast of Malta and is the newest power plant in Malta.
Two steam power plants fuelled with heating oil, each with an electrical output of 60 MW, have been in operation since 1992.
As the technology of the Marsa power plant is out of date, it was discussed in advance of Malta's entry into the EU to shut down the plant.
Part of the electricity production was relocated to the more modern Delimara power plant and the EU limit values for emissions could thus be reached.
Neither the environment nor the power plant or its personnel suffered any damage, but the competent authorities were nevertheless immediately informed.
Under Joseph Muscat's government, the new energy policy of Malta envisaged the demolition of the 1992 Delimara Phase 1 Heavy Fuel Oil power plant.
The Delimara Power and Gas project is being developed by Electrogas Malta Limited, a consortium that includes SOCAR, Siemens and Gem Holdings.
Chile has an embassy in Port of Spain while Trinidad and Tobago has a consulate in Brasilia that is credited to Chile.
In 2017, Prime Minister Keith Rowley and Chilean President Michelle Bachelet signed a MOU on intellectual property to solidify copyright laws and intellectual property rights in the two nations.
Trinidad and Tobago took a keen interest in furthering trade relations between the nations and working together on building T&T's education and solar energy infrastructure.
Trinidadian Minister of Trade and Industry Paula Gopee-Scoon met Chilean Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago, Aníbal Barría Garcua, to discuss the possibility of a Partial Scope Trade Agreement between the nations.
In 2018, Barria exclaimed of the great cultural ties and expressed strengthening ties with T&T to promote tourism and to import cultural ties from Trinidad such as Soca and Calypso music and Carnival Festivals.
Charles Seaver (17 October 1820 – 29 January 1907) was an Irish Anglican priest in the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th.
Three Thieves is a 2019 Nigerian comedy thriller film directed by Udoka Oyeka, written by Egbemawei Sammy, Abba Makama and Africa Ukoh produced by Trino Motion Pictures.
The official trailer for the film was released on 10th September, 2019 and the press screening in Lagos which held on the 12th September, 2019.
Three Thieves premiered at the Genesis Cinemas Oniru on 27th September, 2019 and was released across cinemas on October 4th, 2019.
Diego Fernando Moreno Quintero (born 27 February 1996 in Apartadó), known as Diego Moreno, is a Colombiaian professional footballer who plays for Marítimo as a midfielder, on loan from Envigado.
George Chichester Smythe (1843–1902) was an Irish Anglican priest in the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th.
Smythe began his ecclesiastical career with a curacythen Vicar of Carnmoney from 1853 to 1893; and Archdeacon of Connor from then until his death.
The song was entirely written by the rappers themselves and produced by German producer Jumpa and Albanian producer Rzon with the mastering process handled by Jumpa and Lorenc Alija Avaxus.
The official music video for the song was officially uploaded on the 21 December 2019 onto YouTube in order to accompany the single's release.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of B minor in common time with a tempo of 148 beats per minute.
Set on an abandoned ball golf course, it features long holes on hilly grass fairways lined with thick woods, and is widely considered the best disc golf course in Norway.
The course is available to the public at no charge with an optional donation to help fund maintenance and future development.
Krokhol Disc Golf Course was designed by Lars Somby in 2019 and developed as a partnership between the and the .
Krokhol Disc Golf Course features OB lines on most holes, water hazards on holes 12, 14, and 15, and an island green on hole 17.
Being set on the property of Krokhol Golf Course, the course gives players access to a pro shop with discs for sale, as well as a cafe complete with food, drinks, and restrooms.
On 13-14 June 2020, it will co-host the 2nd annual Oslo Disc Golf Classic, a 2-day PDGA-sanctioned tournament and the premier disc golf event in Oslo.
She collected her first World Cup points at the 1996 edition of the same race, finishing 21st, and improved to 15th in the 2004 Val di Fiemme 70 km.
Non-residential diplomatic relations were formally established in 1995 and in 1998, Ms T Luthuli- Gcabashe, South Africa's Non Resident High Commissioner presented her credentials to Trinidad and Tobago.
In 2004, Trinidad opened its first High Commission in Pretoria and South Africa opened its first high Commission in Port of Spain in the 2010s.
In 2017, Trinidad exported 17.8 Million US Dollars worth of goods to Trinidad while South Africa exported US$7.45 Million dollars to Trinidad and Tobago, with most exports being Delivery Trucks.
Singapore competed in the 2017 Summer Deaflympics which was held in Samsun, Turkey after narrowly missing the opportunity to compete at the 2013 Summer Deaflympics.
This was only the fourth time that Singapore was eligible participate at the Summer Deaflympics after making its Deaflympic debut in 2001.
The Surface Hub 2S is the second generation of the interactive whiteboard developed and marketed by Microsoft, as part of the Microsoft Surface family.
The device is available only in with a 4K touchscreen with multi-touch and multi-pen capabilities, running the Windows 10 operating system.
Surface Hub 2S uses the 8th-generation Intel Core Kaby Lake Core i5 processor and run the 64-bit version of Windows 10.
Unlike the first generation Surface Hub models, the Hub 2S comes with a new Surface Hub 2 Camera separate from the device which can be plugged into any USB-C port on the side of the device.
She collected her first World Cup points with a 17th place in the March 2005 Lahti 10 km, and the next week finished 19th at the 2005 Holmenkollen ski festival.
She collected her first World Cup points with a 24th place in the December 2002 Davos 10 km, and also competed in World Cup relays.
She improved to a 19th place in January 2003 in Nové Město na Moravě, but her last World Cup outing was the 2003–2004 season opener at Beitostølen where she finished a measly 67th.
He made his List A debut on 26 January 2020, for South Western Districts in the 2019–20 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge.
The National Sewerage Program was an Australian federal program under the Whitlam and Fraser Governments established to provide funding for the expansion of municipal sewerage systems.
At the time Australia was lagging behind other developed nations and, as of the commencement of the program in 1972, 17.2% of the Australian population were not connected to sewerage.
Even in major population centers like Sydney and Melbourne, there was a backlog of over 318,000 homes waiting to be connected to municipal sewerage systems.
The program was administered by the newly formed Department of Urban and Regional Development, and over AUD$330 million of funding was allocated to be distributed to individual states and territories over ten years.
In 2017, Peruvian Ambassador Luis Rodomiro Hernández Ortiz commended T&T on its role to enforce democracy and commented on further solidifying relations between the nations.
In 2017, 3.5% or US$217 Million worth of exports went to Peru and Peru exported US$17.8 Million to Trinidad and Tobago in 2017.
She competed at the 1996, 1997 and 1998 Junior World Championships, winning the gold medal in the 15 km race in 1998.
She collected her first World Cup points with a 15th place in the December 1998 Davos 10 km, and improved to a 12th place in January 2000 in Nové Město na Moravě.
She collected her first World Cup points with a 28th place in the February 2008 Falun 15 km pursuit, and also competed in World Cup relays.
The girls' ski jumping event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 19 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
She made her World Cup debut in March 2003, finishing 46th in the sprint and 49th in the 30 km at the Holmenkollen ski festival.
Most of her World Cup starts came in the 2005–06 season, where she also collected her first World Cup points with a 23rd place in Tjejvasan.
The Manado metropolitan area, known locally as Bimindo (an acronym of Bitung–Minahasa–Manado), is a metropolitan area anchored by the city of Manado in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Abu'l-Ashbāl al-Ḍirghām ibn ʿĀmir ibn Sawwār al-Lukhamī () was a Sunni Yemeni military commander in the service of the Fatimid Caliphate.
An excellent warrior and model cavalier, he rose to higher command and scored some successes against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem as well as against internal rebellions.
Despite his close personal ties to the viziers Tala'i ibn Ruzzik and his son Ruzzik ibn Tala'i, he joined Shawar when the latter rebelled against Ruzzik and seized the vizierate.
Nine months later, Dirgham betrayed Shawar as well and expelled him from the capital, becoming vizier himself on 31 August 1163.
Amidst yet another Crusader invasion in 1164, Dirgham clashed with Shawar, who had gained the support of Syrian troops led by Shirkuh.
The accounts of the historians Umara al-Yamani and al-Maqrizi emphasize his equestrian and martial skills, being an expert in handling both the spear and the bow; as well as his penmanship and ability as a poet and as a literary critic.
He is first mentioned in the sources in 1153, as part of an expedition to relieve the city of Ascalon, which was being besieged by the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The expedition was led by Abbas, the stepson of the vizier al-Adil ibn al-Sallar; Abbas abandoned the campaign and returned to Cairo where he killed his stepfather and took over the vizierate until himself overthrown by Tala'i ibn Ruzzik in 1154.
As Tala'i resumed a more aggressive stance against the Crusaders, Dirgham led expeditions against them in 1157 and 1158, and scored a victory against them on 9 March 1158 at Tell el-Ajjul.
In September 1162, the King of Jerusalem Amalric I invaded Egypt to claim the tribute that had been promised by Ruzzik's father.
Soon after, however, Shawar, the governor of Qus, also rose in revolt, raised an army of Bedouin from the western oases, and overthrew and killed Ruzzik and became vizier himself in January 1163.
Shawar reportedly suspected something and made Dirgham swear repeated oaths of obedience and loyalty, but in August 1163, clashes broke out in which two of Shawar's sons may have been killed and the oldest, Tayy, captured (and later executed), and in which Shawar was forced to flee Cairo.
Dirgham attempted to thwart his rival's plans by opening negotiations with Nur al-Din for an alliance against the Crusaders, but the Syrian ruler's reply was non-committal, and on his way to Egypt, Dirgham's envoy was arrested by the Crusaders, possibly on the instigation of Nur al-Din himself.
His execution by crucifixion of the governor of Alexandria also cost him whatever good will he initially had, so that he could only rely on his personal entourage.
Dirgham preferred to negotiate with Amalric, offering him a peace treaty guaranteed by the surrender of hostages, and the payment of an annual tribute.
While Nur al-Din manoeuvred to attract the Crusaders' attention away from them, Shirkuh and his men crossed the Kingdom of Jerusalem and entered Egypt.
This intervention was a momentous event in the history of the Fatimid regime and Egypt: the country, enfeebled by the constant civil wars, now became a prize in the contest between Damascus and Jerusalem, a process that would end with the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate itself by Saladin in 1171.
Dirgham appealed to Amalric for help, but the King of Jerusalem was unable to intervene in time: in late April 1164, the Syrians surprised and defeated Dirgham's brother Mulham at Bilbays, opening the way to Cairo.
Left with only 500 horsemen, he appeared before the caliphal palace, but the caliph turned him away and advised him to save his life.
He was overtaken near Fustat, however, dragged from his horse and killed (July/August 1154, other sources give the month as May/June), followed soon by his brothers.
His head was severed and paraded in public, while his corpse was left unburied for seberal days, before being taken to a burial at Birkat al-Fil.
Shawar, restored to the vizierate, quickly fell out with Shirkuh, and a complicated series of conflicts between Shawar, Shirkuh, and Amalric followed until 1169, when Shawar was executed and replaced as vizier by Shirkuh.
She improved to a 21st place in February 2005 in Reit im Winkl, 18th place in March 2007 in Lahti and 13th place in March 2007 in Drammen.
As a student at Forest Hills High School in 1955, she received a Westinghouse Science Talent Search Award, and met president Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Colman earned her bachelor's degree at Radcliffe College in 1959, and completed doctoral studies at Harvard University in 1962, with Frank Westheimer as her advisor.
From 1967 to 1973, Colman was a professor at Harvard Medical School, beginning as an assistant professor and later being promoted to associate professor.
She joined the faculty at the University of Delaware in 1973, the first woman biochemist to hold a faculty position there.
In 1988, Colman represented the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), when testified at a Senate budget hearing in support of increased funding for the National Science Foundation.
She held research grants from the National Science Foundation, the American Cancer Society and the National Institutes of Health, and wrote or co-wrote over 260 published scholarly articles.
During college, Roberta Fishman married Robert W. Colman, a medical student, who had also won a Westinghouse Science Talent Search Award in the 1950s.
Finishing a measly 72nd there, she collected her first World Cup when finishing 29th in the March 2005 Drammen sprint race.
She improved to a 28th place at the March 2006 Tjejvasan, and the next week to a 19th place in the Drammen sprint, which was also her last World Cup outing.
Named after Clement Howell, it serves forms three through five and is operated by the Ministry of Education (Turks and Caicos).
In 2015 the T&C government had not finalised a contract for repairing the science block in time for October 2015, the original planned date.
Long Bay High School was initially housed at Clement Howell High upon its 2015 establishment as that school's first building was not yet complete for its planned October opening.
In that period Clement Howell and Long Bay students attended classes together, although the latter already began wearing their own uniforms.
There were miscommunications stating that Clement Howell had too many students and was turning some prospective students away when this was not the case.
In the 2002–03 season she made the top 20 on six occasions, improving to a 12th place in Reit im Winkl.
She broke the top 10 in February 2004 in Stockholm, finishing 8th, and also competed in World Cup relays and team sprints.
Both countries have a large indian population, mainly the Indo-Trinidadian and Indo-Surinamese, due to importation of laborers from India when they were ruled by the British Empire.
Suriname in the same year exported US$37 Million worth of goods to Trinidad and Tobago, with 77% of all exports being refined petroleum .
The Rivière à la Chute is a tributary of the Sautauriski River, flowing in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
This watercourse crosses the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier in the MRC La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality and the municipality of Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, in the MRC of La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality.
The course of the river flows entirely in the Jacques-Cartier National Park which is affiliated with the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq).
The valley of the falling river is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which connects the towns of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of the Rivière à la Chute (except the rapids) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Rivière à la Chute takes its source from the lake of Quatre Jumeaux (length: ; width: ; altitude: ), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the MRC of La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality.
It includes a peninsula attached to the north shore stretching over to the south, and a second peninsula attached to the west shore stretching over north-east.
With the exception of the upper part, the course of the river flows more or less in parallel (east side) to the Jacques-Cartier River.
From this confluence, the current descends the Sautauriski river for to the south, then follows the course of the Jacques-Cartier River generally south to the north-East shore of the St. Lawrence River.
Stefania Liberakakis (; born 17 December 2002 in Utrecht), also known simply as Stefania, is a Greek–Dutch singer, actress, voice actress and YouTuber.
She is a former member of the girl group Kisses that represented the Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016.
She was internally chosen to represent the Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Valletta as part of the girl group Kisses.
At the end of 2019, she was named as a potential candidate to represent Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam.
Operated by the Ministry of Education, Youth, Culture, and Library Services, it is the only senior high school in Cockburn Town.
New facilities in the administration building opened in 2015; the ministry spent $2 million U.S. dollars, including $400,000 for furniture and other infrastructure, to develop an administration building, which included not only the offices of administrative officials but also additional classrooms, a library, and a printing room.
Aam Aadmi Family is the story of a middle-class family, which features Sharma (Brijendra Kala) as the father, Madhu (Lubna Salim) as the mother, Bobby (Chandan Anand) as the naughty son, and Sonu (Gunjan Malhotra), their daughter being the sweetheart of the family.
On January 18, 2020, Reyna made his Bundesliga debut for Borussia Dortmund, coming on as a substitute in the 72nd minute, in a 5–3 win against FC Augsburg.
Hence, he became the youngest American, aged 17 years and 66 days, to ever appear in the Bundesliga, a record previously set by Christian Pulisic.
Giovanni is the son of former United States professional soccer player Claudio Reyna, and Danielle Egan, a former member of the United States women's national soccer team.
Not competing in the World Cup again until January 2011, she then collected collected her first World Cup points with a 28th place in Liberec and an 18th place in Drammen, both sprint events.
In 2011–12 she collected World Cup points in three sprints, and did so twice in 2012–13, with 18th and 17th places.
The church of Saint Mary the Virgin is the parish church of Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, England, and a Grade I Listed Building.
The church was built in the Norman style in the 12th Century, but beneath the existing building are Saxon remains dating back to the 10th Century.
The church boasts a handsome memorial to Sir John Seymour, father of King Henry VIII's wife Jane Seymour, and grandfather of King Edward VI of England.
In the chancel is a memorial to Sir John Seymour (1474–1536), father of King Henry VIII's wife Jane Seymour, father to Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, and grandfather of King Edward VI of England.
Seymour's monument consists of a chest tomb displaying heraldic escutcheons, surmounted by his recumbent effigy, fully dressed in armour with hands in prayer, his head resting on his helm from which projects the sculpted Seymour crest of a pair of wings.
A transcript was made of the inscriptions of the Seymour monuments by the topographer John Aubrey on his visit to the church in 1672, who also recorded the heraldry on the monument at that date, much of which has been lost.
Thomas Willis (1621–1675), the great Oxford physician and natural philosopher, was born at Great Bedwyn on 27 January 1621 and was baptized on 14 February at the church.
Still present in the church today is the elegant tomb of Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (1599-1674), the daughter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I, who was executed for treason in 1601.
Project Trust, based on the Scottish Inner Hebridean Isle of Coll, is one of the first international volunteering charities for young people.
An education charity since 1967, Project Trust offers young people across the UK, Ireland and Mainland Europe 12- and 8-month international volunteering experiences.
Until 2019, the charity's overseas placements to Africa, Asia and Latin America were solely aimed at school-leavers aged 17–19, with significant engagement in support of volunteer recruitment achieved through School Talks and an active Project Trust Community of Alumni.
In January 2020 a programme opened to 20-25 year olds, yet to be formally launched, to assess the impact of offering an overseas placement to any young person aged 17–25 who meets the minimum criteria.
Volunteers work in a range of local communities overseas through teaching, community work and care, and outdoor education projects - and in doing so experience first hand, often in remote and rural locations, cultural exchange and are challenged on global issues and human rights.
Volunteers' selection and training begin many months before going overseas, with a trip to the Isle of Coll followed by several months of fund-raising prior to travelling overseas.
This, combined with training on and off the Isle of Coll, a skills framework developed and evolved over many years, and a challenging but exciting overseas placement, offers volunteers opportunity to develop and enhance their resilience, confidence, and other key attributes that are hard to achieve in formal education and qualifications alone.
When volunteers return, a two-day course on the Isle of Coll allows volunteers to reflect on their experiences overseas and celebrate their achievements individually and as a country group.
Volunteers are then actively encouraged to draw upon their unique experiences and enhanced knowledge and understanding of the world to continue to equip others to become positive forces within it.
This can be as either Project Trust Ambassadors or as part of the wider Project Trust Community of 'Returned Volunteers and Alumni'.
Up to 250 young people go overseas to around 23 countries each year, with the charity having spent 1.9 million pounds on its activities in 2018.
The organisation was founded by Nicholas Maclean-Bristol OBE while on secondment from the army, where he held the rank of Major.
Mclean-Bristol met the grandson of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia while serving with the King’s Own Scottish Borderers and the first project was to send three volunteers to Ethiopia in 1967.
The charity's headquarters is on the Isle of Coll in Scotland, and has been since 1974; first at Breacachadh Castle, Maclean-Bristol's ancestral home, then moving to Bousd in the east of Coll.
It is currently based at the Hebridean Centre at Ballyhaugh which opened in 1988, with some staff working from the UK mainland and beyond, either permanently in their Glasgow office, temporarily when attending events, supporting the PT Community, meetings, or delivering School Talks for example, or further afield.
Project Trust, which in 2016 featured in a BBC Scotland documentary How Scotland Works about the Isle of Coll, is the main employer on the island — which, with its population of approximately 150 permanent residents, lies next to and north east of the Isle of Tiree, about 40 miles west of Oban through the Sound of Mull.
Youth Development, and Education and Global Citizenship lie at the heart of Project Trust's work, meaning that there's reciprocal added value in partnering across their Global Citizenship outreach programme, throughout the recruitment and development of volunteers, and in delivery of volunteering opportunities overseas.
Project Trust is managed by a senior leadership team led by Chief Executive Ingrid Emerson MBE; with governance overseen by a Board of Directors, on which Emerson sits.
The 1953–54 Hannover 96 season is the 58th season in the football club's history and sixth overall season in the top flight of German football, the Oberliga Nord, and their fifth consecutive season having been reinstated in 1949 after appealing against their relegation to the Landesliga Niedersachsen in 1948.
Hannover 96 won the Oberliga Nord and advanced to the championship finals for the fifth overall time, where they won their second German championship after 1938.
Laxmi Narayan Mishra was born in undivided Sambalpur District (Present Sambalpur District) of Odisha state in India in 11th April 1904.
He was an expert in various languages which include Sanskrit, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Hindi, English and had earned a fame as an extraordinary orator.
He was an active nationalist in Western Odisha..He was imprisoned for seventeen years, for his active role in National struggle for Independence.
Jail provided him advantage to be a scholar and Laxmi Narayan had become a real Pandit with his education on religion, culture and political thought.
He was involved in moments such as Non-corporation movement, drive against untouchability, the Nagpur flag march, move against the partial exclusion of the district of Sambalpur, the struggle against the zamindars and the state rulers, the quit India movement.
Her first race was a 63th place in Oberhof, breaking the top 30 for the first time two years later, when finishing 28th in Östersund.
As a cross-country skier she managed a 15th place at the 2012 Norwegian Championships in 10 km as her best result.
It was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The electoral district covered territory in the Gaspé Peninsula, now included in the Bonaventure Regional County Municipality and the Avignon Regional County Municipality.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
In 2020, Aldama featured in a Netflix docuseries titled Cheer, whose focus on the 2019 Navarro College coed cheerleading team served to introduce the sport to a wide audience.
Emma Strada (Turin, 18 November 1884 - Turin, 26 September 1970) was the first woman in Italy to graduate with an engineering degree.
The same year she was enrolled in the preparatory course in Engineering Sciences at the University of Turin, which later allowed her to enroll in the Scuola di Applicazione per Ingegneri.
She studied the course for five years and graduated with honours on the 5th of September 1908, coming 3rd out of 62 in her class.
She became the first woman ever to obtain an engineering degree from the Polytechnic of Turin and in the whole Italy.
As a graduation gift and to celebrate her achievement of becoming a civil engineer, Strada had an electric light installed in her home.
Electricity was hardly available in Turin, during Strada's time and she would often travel around the city in a horse drawn carriage, cars were also a rare occurrence and street lamps were lit with gas.
In her first two years after graduation, Strada worked as an assistant lecturer for Luigi Pagliani, the director of the Cabinet of Industrial Hygiene (Gabinetto di Igiene Industriale) at the University of Turin and a lecturer at the Politecnico in the course of Hygiene, in the Sanitary Engineering Faculty from 1908 to 1914.
Due to social constraints of the time it was unlikely for a woman to have an academic career, so she worked alongside her father and younger brother who were both engineers.
Some of the major projects she worked on was the creation of the surface water tunnel 50 meter below a copper mine in Ollomont Aosta Valley.
In Catanzaro, Strada helped her father build a funicular railway, which was seven meters long between Catanzaro Citta and Catanzaro Sala.
Strada had a very successful career working in the railway sector, which was a big achievement as it was predominantly a male sector.
Working in factories, offices and other industries meant that different social relationships were formed, however due to misogynistic views of society at the time, a lot of female architects and engineers found it difficult to get work.
On 26 January 1957 engineers Emma Strada, Anna E. Armour, Ines Del Tetto Noto, Adele Racheli Domenighetti, Laura Lange, Alessandra Bonfanti Vietti and the architect Vittoria Ilardi, who first gathered at the Exhibition of the Mechanics in Turin in 1955, founded Italian Women Engineer and Architect Association, (the Associazione Italiana Donne Architetto e Ingegnere – AIDIA).
The aims of the association were to promote and create network for visibility and the work of the women engineers and architects on a national and international levels.
AIDIA struggled to improve working conditions for women in technology sector, promoting reciprocal help among professional with no competition or rivalry so frequently found in this area of work.
Strada took part in the second national conference of AIDIA where she started the debate about women professional claims and opportunities in technology field.
In 1964 on her 80th Birthday she was given a gold medal by the National Italian association of Engineers for her work and in 1968 she was invited to conduct and partake in the Third International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists.
In 1971 the third International Conference of AIDIA was organized in Turin and was attended by 240 women graduates from some 35 different countries.
AIDIA not only organized the congresses that became meeting points for professional concerns about certain issues, but also encouraged international participation in developing an inter-professional and cultural network.
Currently AIDIA has a web page from which they keep promoting the visibility of women engineers’ and architects’ work and share first hand information about their events and projects.
The 2020 ISA World Surfing Games will take place across the El Sunzal and La Bocana waves at Surf City in El Salvador, from 9 to 17 May 2020.
The top five eligible men and top seven eligible women who have not already qualified via the 2019 World Surf League will qualify for the Olympics, subject to a maximum of two surfers per National Olympic Committee in each of the men's and women's events.
In 1985 it won the Locus Award for Best Novella, Hugo Award for Best Novella and Nebula Award for Best Novella.
The song was written by Kosovo-Albanian musician Aida Baraku and produced by Kosovo-Albanian musician Armend Rexhepagiqi with the arrangement by Macedonian producer Darko Dimitrov.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of D minor in common time with a tempo of 124 beats per minute.
He is the son of former National Football League (NFL) wide receiver Ed McCaffrey and the younger brother of Max McCaffrey and Christian McCaffrey, who have also played in the NFL.
As a two-year starting quarterback, McCaffrey led the Valor Christian Eagles to a 22–6 record and back-to-back Class 5A state championships.
In his four years at Valor Christian, he helped the Eagles to three state championships in total and a 1-point loss in the 2014 state championship game to Cherry Creek High School.
In his senior season, he averaged 12.4 points, 3.7 rebounds and 0.8 assists in 21 games to help the 24–4 Eagles win the Class 4A state championship.
As a football recruit, McCaffrey was rated a four-star quarterback, including the #1 pro-style quarterback and #25 prospect by ESPN, the #2 pro-style quarterback and #44 prospect by 247Sports Composite, and the #3 quarterback and #39 prospect by Scout.com.
on February 15, 2016, McCaffey committed to play football at Michigan over other schools including LSU, Penn State, Nebraska, UCLA and Colorado.
McCaffrey redshirted as a freshman in 2017 and spent most of the 2018 season as a backup to starting quarterback Shea Patterson.
In the season opener against Notre Dame, he completed 4-of-6 passes for 22 yards and had 3 rushes for 10 yards.
On November 3, in a 42–7 win over Penn State, McCaffey broke his collarbone on the final possession of the game when he rushed for 7 yards on a zone-read play as a backup quarterback.
For the 2018 season, McCaffrey appeared in six games, rushed 10 times for 99 yards and a touchdown, and completed 8-of-15 passes for 126 yards and two touchdowns.
The firm was used by Boris Johnson during his successful leadership campaign in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election and during the successful 2019 United Kingdom general election.
Westminster Digital was incorporated in November 2017 with its registered office at 50 Broadway, Westminster, London and just one staff member, former Sky News producer Craig Dillon (also appointed in November 2017).
During the 2019 Conservative Party (UK) leadership election Westminster Digital advised 6 out of the 10 leadership candidates on their communications and digital strategy, including Michael Gove, Dominic Raab, Sajid Javid and Matt Hancock.
As a junior at Frisco High School, Carvacho averaged 10 points and 10 rebounds per game and helped the team to a 19-12 record.
As a redshirt freshman, his game was raw and he picked up quick fouls but showed signs of great rebounding ability.
On December 22, 2018, Carvacho had 23 points and a career-high 22 rebounds in a 64-61 loss to Long Beach State.
After averaging 21.5 points and 8.5 rebounds in wins over Air Force and New Mexico, Carvacho was named Mountain West Conference player of the week on January 14, 2019.
He averaged 16.1 points and an NCAA Division I-leading 12.9 rebounds per game, and his 409 rebounds broke the school single-season record.
In 2013, Carvacho competed for Chile at the FIBA Americas Under-16 Championship in Maldonado, Uruguay, where his team finished in fifth place.
Carvacho played for the senior team of Chile in the 2016 South American Basketball Championship in Caracas, Venezuela and was named Honorable Mention All-Tournament.
9 March 1713, Conanicut Island, Jamestown, Rhode Island - c. 1790, North Kingstown, Washington, Rhode Island) was the leading military commander for Rhode Island in the Siege of Louisbourg (1745).
He was the captain of Tartar (ship), the privateer vessel was the Rhode Island contribution to the victory in the Siege of Louisbourg (1745) (the 150 soldiers from Rhode Island arrived after the Siege).
During the voyage he drew fire from the French frigate Renommee (30 gun), under the command of Chevalier Guy-François de Coëtnempren (Comte de Kersaint), in an eight hour engagement.
In the battle, Fones rescued the Connecticut warship Resolution and crushed the French and Indian expedition en route to save Louisbourg.
Dr. Syed Kaleem Imam () is a Pakistani police officer who is current Inspector General of Sindh Police (IGSP) serving since 7 September 2018.
Polystichopsis is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
It is estimated to be 249 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 150,000 light years.
As a part of the Status Quo in Israel about the Shabbat, in most areas of Israel, public transportation is inactive on Shabbat (Except for lines in remote settlements at the edges of the country, the city of Haifa and other mixed cities such as Nazareth and Nof HaGalil, taxis and Share taxis).
During the 2010s, a number of private projects aimed at operating transportation services on weekends (and especially on Shabbats) began by establishing cooperative associations.
In October 2019, it became known that a number of cities checked the possibility of operating scheduled bus lines on Shabbats.
And in October 2019, The Municipality of Tel Aviv launched a tender for operating constant lines during the Sabbath, and started inquiries with nearby local authorities with a view to establishing a future network of lines that will operate across Gush Dan.
In January 2020, it became known that the local authorities Hod HaSharon, Shoham and Yehud-Monosson will join the project by the end of the month.
In the ninth week of the project activity (January 17–18, 2020), the seventh line, line 711, was added to the six lines that had operated until then, connecting Tel Aviv-Yafo to Yehud-Monosson and Shoham.
Nowadays, 6 local authorities in Israel partner with the weekend transportion array: Givatayim, Kiryat Ono, Ramat HaSharon, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Yehud-Monosson and Shoham.
The project currently operated every weekend (Friday-Saturday): On Friday, from 5:00 pm to 2:00 am; And on Saturday, from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, with a frequency of 20 minutes regularly throughout the hours of operation.
The lines let you ride to the center of the cities and between the various neighborhoods, and to the main entertainment and leisure places.
The stations where the minibuses and buses pass are signed by stickers with the numbers of the lines that stop at them, and the minibuses and buses of the service are branded with signage, the number of lines and the main destinations where they stop at.
There is a dedicated site for the project, available in Hebrew, English and Arabic, where information about the service can be found.
In the first week of service activity (November 22–23, 2019), the demand for the project was higher than expected, and already in the first hour of operation, demand for rides was higher than expected, so the Tel Aviv municipality increased the service and added another minibus to each of the six lines on the network – three instead of two.
To cope with the high demand was in the first week, in the second week of activity (November 29–30, 2019), the project was increased by additional minibuses and 52-seats buses.
It was reported that the lines were still full of people, but no special malfunctions happened as in the first week.
On the fourth weekend of the project (December 13–14, 2019), hundreds of ultra-Orthodox people protested against the operation of the public transportation system.
Negative reviews also came from taxi drivers, but not about the service itself, but about the fact that it is free, thus it hurts their main livelihood (on the weekends).
It was detonated in front of a bank office, across the street from Algiers' police headquarters and near to the city's main post office and train station.
He previously served as ambassador of the Dominican Republic to the Organization of American States (OAS) between 1997 and 2000 and to the government of the United States of America between 2004 and 2009.
He has been a representative of the Dominican State before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, as well as in international litigations and arbitrations.
He holds a law degree (Summa cum laude) from Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra PUCMM (1980) in the Dominican Republic, a master's degree in Government from Essex University (1985), in the United Kingdom, and a doctoral degree (PhD) in Government from the University of Virginia (1996), in the United States.
During his studies, he received several internationally recognized scholarships, including the LASPAU-Fulbright scholarship and the Bradley Foundation, the Dupont Foundation and the Institute for the Study of World politics.
He has been a consultant for private sector companies, as well as for the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the United Nations Development Project (UNDP), and the Organization of American States (OAS).
He was a member of the Committee of Jurists appointed by the executive branch for the preparation of the draft text which served as the basis for the Constitution proclaimed by the National Congress in January 2010, as well as a member for the adaptation of national legislation to the new Constitution.
In addition, he was one of the jurists responsible for drafting Law 169-14 promoted by the president of the Dominican Republic in response to sentence 168-13 of the Constitutional Court of 2013 which created an imminent risk on the right to nationality of descendants of foreigners born in the Dominican Republic between 1929 and 2007.
Dr. Espinal was the Founding Director of the University Center for Political and Social Studies (CUEPS), Founding Director of the Center for the Study, Prevention and Resolution of Conflicts (CEPREC) and Director of the Law School of the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM).
He has published numerous articles and essays on constitutional and political issues in different academic bodies of the country and abroad, as well as being a lecturer on issues of constitutional law, political systems, and international relations.
A few days after his arrival at the OAS, he assumed the pro tempore presidency of the Permanent Council, a responsibility for which he displayed qualities of leadership that, along with his management oriented to the resolution of conflicts through inclusive dialogue, earned him the esteem of his colleagues and the appreciation of the then Secretary General César Gaviria, former president of Colombia.
Valuing his academic training both in the legal and political sciences, in the context of his multilateral resourcefulness, the Permanent Representatives of the OAS member countries unanimously promoted him to the presidency of the Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs, and to the presidency of the Committee on Hemispheric Security.
Through Espinal, in the participation before the political organs of the OAS, the Dominican Republic has always established its commitment and respect for the protection and promotion of human rights, and the importance of continuing to work in favor of strengthening the system and the relevance of maintaining an open and permanent dialogue between the organs of the inter-American system and the member states.
During his tenure, he promoted the acceptance of the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the Dominican Republic.
When the Dominican Constitutional Court annulled said jurisdiction in October 2014, he was critical of this decision and claimed the importance of the Inter-American Human Rights System.
Dr. Flavio Darío Espinal served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Dominican Republic to the government of the United States of America during the period from November 23, 2004 to March 25, 2009.
The tenure of Ambassador Espinal stood out as a result of a strategic, effective and innovative dynamism that contributed to the strengthening of the bilateral relations of the Dominican Republic and the United States of America.
His initiatives were aimed at achieving greater projection and advancing the interests of the Dominican Republic in different areas, particularly in the political, economic and cultural spheres, recognizing the priority nature of the relations with the United States, due to their commercial interests, cultural linkages, common challenges (especially in matters of security), and the presence of more than one million citizens of Dominican origin.
Under his tenure, the Embassy of the Dominican Republic developed and implemented effective strategies, with concrete results, for the promotion and facilitation of trade and investment, including the promotion of the country as a privileged tourist destination for the North American market, of the quality of the world-famous Dominican cigars and cocoa, supporting the national export sector in fulfilling import requirements and strengthening their trade capacity.
Through lobbying and implementing initiatives, including expedited procedures, with the Administration and Congress, he sought to deepen preferences between both countries, a concrete example being the implementation of a Limited Supply List regarding textiles, thus improving the competitiveness of the manufacturers of certain garments.
Similarly, during his leadership, the Mission held the coordination of the Washington Working Group (USDOS, IDB, OAS, ECLAC, embassies and strategic partners) to successfully host the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of Pathway to Prosperity in the Americas and the V Competitiveness Forum of the Americas in the Dominican Republic.
During his term in office, Ambassador Espinal developed strong relations with the Dominican community through organizations in different parts of the United States, particularly on the east coast of the country, including Florida, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts, where the largest proportion of Dominicans reside.
On August 16, 2016, el Dr. Espinal was appointed by presidential decree as Legal Advisor to the President of the Dominican Republic.
In this capacity, he has participated in the decision-making processes on legal, national and international policy issues, providing assistance and support to the President of the Dominican Republic and to multiple dependencies of the Dominican government.
On December 28, 2018, he was proposed to the National Council of the Magistrature by the Institutional and Justice Foundation (FINJUS) to be President of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Dominican Republic.
Following a reduction in smallpox cases to very low levels in the United Kingdom, it became a tuberculosis hospital in 1910 and, after joining the National Health Service in 1948, it was renamed West Heath Hospital in 1954.
After modern facilities had been built on the site, the original 19th century building was withdrawn from use and demolished in 2008.
The Langdon Meeting House is a historic meeting house and former church at 5 Walker Hill Road in Langdon, New Hampshire.
Completed in 1803 as a combination town hall and church, it is now a multifunction space owned by the town, and is claimed by the town to hold the record for consecutive town meetings held in the same space.
The Langdon Meeting House stands in the town's village center, on the north side of Walker Hill Road just east its junction with Holden Hill Road and Village Road.
Sash windows are arranged symmetrically around the centered entrance, the windows topped by shallow projecting cornices, and the entry sheltered by a hip-roofed porch supported by square columns.
The secondary facade facing Walker Hill Road, its original main facade, is seven bays wide with a center entrance framed by pilasters and topped by an entablature and gabled cornice.
It had entrances on the east, south, and west sides, and had a gallery level accessed by enclosed stairs on the east and west sides.
In 1851 the religious and municipal functions were formally separated; the congregation purchased a portion of the ground floor, and converted the gallery level into a full second floor, creating a new sanctuary.
The town continues to use the building for its annual town meetings, claiming to hold the record for consecutive meetings held in the same building.
The song was sung in many different settings, but most often as a form of protest or solidarity for women's rights in both the United Kingdom and the United States.
Roscoe Lewis Hoffacker (February 11, 1923 Glenville, Pennsylvania-August 18, 2013 Austin, Texas) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who was Chargé d’Affaires ad interim to Algeria (1967-1969) and served a concurrent appointment as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea (1970-1972).
Born to parents Beulah Barbehenn and Roscoe E. Hoffacker, Hoffacker attended the public schools in Hanover, Pennsylvania, Gettysburg College, and George Washington University (BA in International Affairs, 1948) where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.
He continued his education at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Masters degree in International Affairs, 1949), American University in Beirut, Oxford University in England, and the National War College.
He began his career with the U.S. Foreign Service in 1950 as desk officer for Greece and served subsequently in Tehran, Istanbul, Paris, Elisabethville and Leopoldville in the Congo, Algiers, Yaoundé, Santa Isabel, Norfolk VA, and several tours in Washington DC, where he retired in 1975 as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State (Coordinator for Combating Terrorism).
After his retirement, Hoffacker joined Shell Oil Company as Consultant on International Affairs before retiring and to Cape Cod in 1988.
Since Hoffacker was based in Cameroon, the post in Equatorial Guinea was manned by two Foreign Service personnel, Counselor Alfred J. Erdos and Administrative Assistant Donald Leahy.
Early on, Erdos complainer to Hoffacker that he would not be able to work with Leahy and requested someone replace him.
The episode is also known for its racy content and has never aired in the United Kingdom, either initially or in syndication.
Marie brings an abstract sculpture she did in class to Debra's house and shows it to her, sons Raymond and Robert, and husband Frank.
The family is initially impressed, until they later make a realization that it resembles a vagina, although this is unknown to Marie and Frank.
Ray starts his plan of removing the statue by covering it up with a garbage bag, but Marie walks in the house as he does this.
Ray and Debra successfully convince Marie to remove the sculpture from the living room while pretending to love it; however, she does this via a church auction where two Sisters come to the house to view it.
They observe it the same way as Debra, Ray, and Robert did when they first saw it, and refuse to take it.
One of the Sisters, Ann, informs Marie about the vaginal likeness; Marie initially takes offense to the interpretation, but when she takes a closer look, she suspects she's a lesbian.
Her sculpture is presented at an exhibit and receives a positive reception, although at the same exhibit, Frank's emotion towards the sculpt turns from appreciative to horrified after a janitor tells him the sculpture looks like a vagina.
When the series ended production of new episodes in 2005, Marie actress Doris Roberts took home the statue and placed it in her living room.
Pat Barnett was also nominated for an Eddie Award for Best Editing for a Half-hour Series for Television for her work on the episode.
A somewhat enigmatic aura surrounds his life and death: though little of his life has been definitively documented, oral memories of him live on in the Zambian artistic community.
While studying art in Britain, Simpasa experimented with what later became known as Zam-Rock, mixing African rhythms and Western musical forms.
Stigmatopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Borgo Nuovo, originally known as via Alessandrina, also named via Recta or via Pontificum, was a road in the city of Rome, Italy, important for historical and architectural reasons.
Built by Pope Alexander VI Borgia for the Holy year of 1500, the road became one of the main centers of the high Renaissance in Rome.
In the mid-15th century, at the beginning of the Renaissance, the connection between Rome and Saint Peter were secured by two ancient roads, Borgo Vecchio and Borgo Santo Spirito, both linking the Castle to the square in front of Old Saint Peter Basilica.
At the end of the 15th century, Pope Alexander VI Borgia (r. 1492-1503), whose power was at the time contested by several the noble Roman families and by French king Charles VIII (who in 1494 had occupied the city, while the pope remained barricaded in the Castel Sant'Angelo), decided to restructure the citadel of Borgo and the castle.
In this context, Castel Sant'Angelo assumed the role of hinge between the city and the citadel, and the need arose to build a straight road between the castle and the Apostolic Palace on the Vatican hill.
During the last two Jubilees, which had taken place in 1450 and 1475, the enormous inflow of pilgrims had caused several traffic problems in the Borgo; because of that, in order to solve the problem, during the papal consistory of 16 November 1498 the pope gave the task to rationalize the paths which led to St. Peter, asking Cardinal Girolamo Riario to take the lead and consult experts.
This was a pyramid similar to that of Cestius, still existing near Porta Ostiense and regarded by the Romans of that time as the graveyard of Remus.
It was also used for popular happenings as horses, buffaloes, donkeys or men races, all favorite entertainments of the Borgia Pope; because of that, Borgo Nuovo remained unpaved until before 1509, during the papacy of Julius II (r. 1503-13).
Cardinals, noble families and rich bourgeois made use of this opportunity, erecting palaces and houses, designed in the new classicist style of Antonio da Sangallo the Elder and Donato Bramante, two among the architects involved in the road's design, and Borgo Nuovo became soon one of the most fashionable roads of the city.
As of today the only surviving decorated house in the Borgo is the one along Vicolo del Campanile, a former side lane of Borgo Nuovo.
During the reign of Pope Alexander VII (r. 1655-67), in the context of the construction of St. Peter's Square Gian Lorenzo Bernini integrated Borgo Nuovo in the project of the new square.
Anyway, at the fall of Napoleon only the first three houses at the east end of the road had been demolished; after the comeback of the Pope the previous situation was restored.
During all this period, and until its demolition, Borgo Nuovo was a prestigious, touristic and busy road, unlike the nearby Borgo Vecchio, which was secluded, familiar and simple.
Between 1934 and 1936, when the project of Via della Conciliazione was developed, architects Marcello Piacentini and Attilio Spaccarelli chose to give to the new road the alignment of the nearby Borgo Vecchio road, and not of Borgo Nuovo.
This resolution, made because of reasons of perspective and to avoid the demolition of the Palazzo dei Penitenzieri (facing the south side of Piazza Scossacavalli and parallel to the south side of Borgo Vecchio) caused the destruction of almost all the houses and the palaces of the road.
On the north side of the road, only the church of Santa Maria in Traspontina, the Palazzo Torlonia in Piazza Scossacavalli and palazzo Latmiral, an undistinguished 19th century building lying between them, were spared.
Mary behind the bridge”), was built since 1566 along the N side of Borgo Nuovo, towards the middle of the road, under the direction of Giovanni Sallustio Peruzzi and Ottavio Mascherino.
This church substituted the old church bearing the same name, which had to be pulled down towards the mid of 16th century since it lay too near to the castle.
The church, which became one of the parishes of the Borgo, was run by the Carmelites, which lived in a monastery placed to the east of the shrine; to the right side of Santa Maria was erected an Oratory devoted to the Christian doctrine, built in 1714-15.
The palace was demolished in 1937, but its portal was reused in a new building erected by Marcello Piacentini at Via della Conciliazione n. 15.
At about one third of its length coming from east, Borgo Nuovo led to the small piazza Scossacavalli, the center of the rione.
In the early 16th century, along 3 sides of the piazza were built large palaces, while the fourth hosted the Church of San Giacomo.
On the N side, aligned with Borgo Nuovo, Adriano Castellesi, treasurer of Alexander VI and later Cardinal of Corneto (today's Tarquinia), let erect (possibly by Donato Bramante) a palace, which follows the outlines of the Palazzo della Cancelleria.
This building, which now belongs to the Torlonia family, has been spared by the demolition of the road and is now part of the north side of Via della Conciliazione.
Between the W side of piazza Scossacavalli and the south side of Borgo Nuovo, the Caprini family from Viterbo let erect by Bramante their Roman residence.
The palace was then bought by Raphael, who completed it and spent there the last 3 years of his life, dying there in 1520.
Along Borgo Nuovo the palace had a monumental portal surmounted by a balcony, both designed by Baldassarre Peruzzi; the latter was considered the most beautiful in the whole city.
The Palazzo dei Convertendi was demolished in 1937 and rebuilt in 1941 west of Palazzo Torlonia with another plan but reusing original elements, included the portal with the balcony.
Some years before the construction of the road, Florentine Cardinal Piero Soderini let build in the Borgo a row of seven houses with porch in Tuscan renaissance style; after the road's erection, the houses overlooked its north side.
Soderini actually wanted to pull down the block and let build a palace by Bramante, but his turbulent life (he was a staunch enemy of the house of Medici, which for his misfortune during those years arrived to the papacy twice, with Leo X (r. 1513-21) and Clement VII (r. 1523-34)) did not allow him to fulfill his plan.
The houses survived unscathed until the end of the 19th century, when they were pulled down and substituted with an apartment block with shops at parterre.
This house has been pulled down in 1937, but its prospect has been rebuilt using original materials not far away, in front of the Passetto along via dei Corridori, the road parallel to Via della Conciliazione.
The building, which had an extraordinary architectonic quality, has been demolished and rebuilt with another plan between via Rusticucci and Via dei Corridori, near Brigotti's house.
The north side of Borgo Nuovo originally ended with Palazzo Rusticucci, a large renaissance Palace erected by Domenico Fontana and Carlo Maderno on behalf of Cardinal Girolamo Rusticucci; In 1667, the above mentioned demolition of the first south block of the road in occasion of the erection of St. Peter Square let the palace overlook the new piazza, which took the building's name.
The boys' ski jumping event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 19 January at the Les Tuffes Nordic Centre.
The government of Quang Ninh province invested 6,400 billion VND in this section, making it one of the first examples of regional government investment in expressways.
It is on the western bank of the river Mahananda.As in much of Bengal, the weather is usually extremely humid and tropical.
Temperatures can reach as high as 46 °C during the day in May and June and fall as low as 4 °C overnight in December and January.
Sujapur is located in the boarder area of India and Bangladesh.It is also known for violence area or fake currency area in India.
This is an incomplete list of the 2020 Women's March events, most of which took place on January 18, 2020, and some on January 19 or later (as noted).
Władysław Ważny (3 February 1908 – 19 August 1944), also known as Wladyslaw Rozmus and Tiger, was a Polish Army officer and Special Operations Executive agent.
He searched for German V-1 flying bomb and V-2 launchers in occupied France and was an organizer of the French resistance movement.
He was the son of Błażej and Maria née Sigłowa and was the oldest of their five daughters and four sons.
After graduating from a teacher's seminary in 1930, he worked as a village teacher in Bobrówka, then in Surochów and in Sośnica near Jarosław, where he became headmaster.
After the outbreak of World War II, he participated in the September campaign as a platoon commander in the 39th Lwów Rifles Infantry Regiment (stationed in Jarosław).
After the conquest of Poland by Nazi Germany and Soviet invasion of Poland, in October 1939, he escaped to France, where he joined the emerging Polish Army in France (1939–40).
He was to fly to Poland, but was instead sent to POWN in France (Polish Organization for the Struggle for Independence) by military chief Antoni Zdrojewski.
His task was to create an intelligence network in occupied France, gathering information about the location of Nazi troops, their forces and movements.
After landing in March 1944 in France, the most important intelligence was information about the V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket launchers deployed in Nord and Pas-de-Calais.
Thanks to collaborators, mostly from the local Polish population, but also from the French, he broadcast 182 radio reports to London about the location of 173 V-1 launchers, 5 V-2 launchers and 17 transport information missiles.
His intelligence grid yielded information that destroyed two landing ramps for flying bombs, levers in Douai, the aircraft engine factory in Albert.
Ważny's collaborator, Mieczysław Golon, believed that the RAF bunkers and V1 launchers were destroyed four hours after Tiger sent his report.
The fact that his death occurred quickly seemed to confirm that he could have taken poison that he carried with him.
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, speaking to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in February 1946, paid tribute to him and his intelligence network..
Ważny, was a Polish agent of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE), a forgotten hero who was never decorated by the British Ministry of Defense and British authorities.
His only love was Danuta Klepatówna from Ruda Różaniecka, a postal worker with whom he corresponded until the end of his life.
Cody Erickson (born September 22, 1988) is an American professional stock car racing driver who last raced in 2014 and 2015 what is now the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series and in 2014 in what is now the ARCA Menards Series, driving for Empire Racing in both series.
A dirt, ATV, and snowmobile driver for at least ten years prior to 2014, Erickson attempted to qualify for the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race at the dirt track of Eldora that same year, driving the No.
After he failed to make the field, the team invited him back for a pavement start at Martinsville that October, which he did qualify for, finishing 23rd in the race.
Erickson returned to Eldora to try to qualify for the race there again in 2015, driving a second truck for Empire due to Sean Corr being in the No.
Empire did this instead of fielding a separate truck of their own so Erickson could have a better chance of qualifying (which he successfully did).
Erickson works as a farmer, an owner of two businesses, and an owner-driver of a dirt racing team in his hometown of Ulen, Minnesota.
He graduated from both the University of Northwestern Ohio with a degree in High Performance and Chassis Fabrication, and Northland Technical College (in Minnesota) with a degree in Farm Business Management.
Amjad Javed Saleemi () is a former Pakistani police officer who served as Inspector General of Sindh Police (IGSP) and Inspector General of Punjab Police (IGPP).
Saleemi served as IGSP until 6 September 2018 and was later appointed as IGPP and served on that post until 15 April 2019.
Lac à la Chute (English: Lake of the Fall) is a freshwater body on the hydrographic side of rivière à la Chute, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the MRC La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Lac à la Chute watershed is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the cities of Quebec and Saguenay.
The surface of Lac de la Chute is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
Lac à la Chute has a length of , a width of and its surface is at an altitude of .
This lake sunk between the mountains is made in length, resembling a woolen sock whose part of the toes is oriented towards the northeast.
The course of the Sautauriski River is located at on the east side of the lake; and the course of the rivière à la Chute is at on the west side of the lake.
The team was founded in 2018 as Berlin BlackJacks in Berlin, New Hampshire, but after only 12 games and a 3–8–1 record, it was replaced by the Pétroliers du Nord, owned by the Petrole & Propane Belanger company.
Olga Adele Oinola born Olga Adele Johansson (July 2, 1865 – November 6, 1949) was a Finn who became President of the Finnish Women Association.
The following year she began to teach at the Finnish Comprehensive School in Helsinki she held this position until 1930 although from 1905 for 18 years she taught at the Vocational School for Girls in Native Language.
The successful women included Lucina Hagman, Miina Sillanpää, Anni Huotari, Hilja Pärssinen, Hedvig Gebhard, Ida Aalle, Mimmi Kanervo, Eveliina Ala-Kulju, Hilda Käkikoski, Liisi Kivioja, Sandra Lehtinen, Dagmar Neovius, Maria Raunio, Alexandra Gripenberg, Iida Vemmelpuu, Maria Laine, Jenny Nuotio and Hilma Räsänen.
Oinola was amongst a few women who realised that the women of Finland needed to seize this opportunity and organisation and education would be required.
Newly elected MPs Lucina Hagman and Maikki Friberg together with Aldyth Hultin, Mathilda von Troil, Ellinor Ingman-Ivalo, Sofia Streng and Olga Österberg founded the Finnish Women's Association's first branch in Helsinki.
She was to be the third chair of the organisation succeeding Lucina Hagman in 1919 and continuing until the following year.
Some argued that women should have an equal opportunity to work at night whereas others argues that mothers should not abandon their children at night.
Her other positions included being on the Central Board of the Finnish Women's Federation 1907-1949 serving as the Chair from 1913 to 1921 and later a shorter service from 1932 to 1934.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Most of the listed buildings are farmhouses, farm buildings, houses and cottages; the other listed buildings include a bridge, two churches, one of which is combined with a school and a schoolmaster's house, two former chapels, and a war memorial..
Panisagar railway station became operation in 2008 with the meter gauge line from Lumding to Agartala but later in 2016 entire section converted into broad gauge line.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
The Marsa Power Station is a power generation plan in urban Malta, on the side of the Grand Harbour close to Marsa.
It finally had a total capacity of 30 MW, which was achieved by five steam units with 5 MW each and a gas turbine with a similar output.
When the Delimara Power Station was planned, the government had promised to close the Marsa power plant, but this did not happen.
It was switched off in March 2015 and continued in cold standby until early 2017; since then it has been disconnected from the mains.
However, part of the electricity production was relocated to the more modern Delimara power plant, so that the EU limit values for emissions were reached.
Kinnaris Quintet are a Scottish Folk band, founded in 2017, whose music is influenced by Scottish and Irish traditional music, bluegrass and classical.
In 2017 Gobbi invited Wilkie, MacAskill, Salter and Butterworth to her flat to jam and they agreed to form the group.
In 2017 Salter and Butterworth released an album together, Bound, under their own names and in 2018 Kinnaris Quintet released their debut album Free One.. Free One was longlisted for the 2019 Scottish Album of the Year Award.
The facility was established by converting an early 19th century cottage into a facility known as St Mary's Cottage Hospital in 1869.
It became Tenbury and District Cottage Hospital in 1935 and, after joining the National Health Service in 1948 it subsequently became known as Tenbury and District Hospital and then Tenbury Community Hospital.
For example, some of the first concentration camps set up in 1933 were deliberately located in working-class neighborhoods of Berlin so that the population would learn what happened to Nazi opponents.
Wachsmann argues that the concentration camps were only peripheral to the Final Solution, because most Jewish victims of the Holocaust died in shootings, gas vans, or dedicated extermination camps rather than in the concentration camp system.
Although Jews made up a majority of deaths in concentration camps, they ranged from 10–30% of the population depending on the time period.
The book is a work of synthetic history drawing mainly on published German sources, although it also incorporates the author's archival research.
Wachsmann ends the book with a vignette about Moritz Choinowski, a Polish Jew liberated by the United States Army at Dachau.
He describes the book as both panoptic and intimate, in that it gives the big picture while humanizing the story with anecdotes.
Angharad Davies is a Welsh violinist and composer, known for her work in the field of free improvisation, her use of prepared violin (using techniques similar to the prepared piano), her extensive discography and collaborative work with other musicians.
Davies was born in Aberystwyth, Wales, and grew up in a musical household, playing in local brass bands alongside her father and brother.
She studied at the Royal Northern College of Music and subsequently with violinists Charles-Andre Linale in Dusseldorf, Germany and Howard Davis in London.
Davies has collaborated on improvised projects with musicians and artists including Tarek Atoui, Tony Conrad, Laura Cannell, Jack McNamara, Roberta Jean and J.G.Thirlwell.
Davies is credited with performances on over 50 album recordings, appearing alonsgide an extensive list of improvising musicians including Tom Chant, Benedict Drew, John Edwards, Axel Dörner, Johnny Chang, John Tilbury, Lina Lapelyte, John Lely, Rie Nakajima and Toshimaru Nakamura.
The uniforms of the United States Space Force are the standardized military uniforms worn by members of the U.S. Space Force to distinguish themselves from other U.S. uniformed services.
Becoming an independent service on 20 December 2019, the U.S. Space Force continues to wear the same uniforms that it did as Air Force Space Command, although its first Chief of Space Operations, General John W. Raymond, is working on standing up its own distinctive uniform program.
The Space Force is continuing to use the U.S. Air Force's blue service dress uniform, which was first used by General Raymond at the signing of the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act on 20 December 2019, which created the U.S. Space Force.
The coat itself is single-breasted with three buttons and has one welt pocket on the upper left side and two lower pocket flaps.
A silver name tag with blue detailing is worn on the right side of the uniform, while ribbons and occupational badges are worn on the left side of the uniform.
On 17 January 2020, the Space Force announced that its combat utility uniform would be the same OCP uniform that was used while it was Air Force Space Command.
The full-color United States flag is worn on the left side of the uniform and the thread for the name tape, branch tape, and rank is navy blue.
This distinguishes itself from the OCP uniforms worn by the Army and Air Force, with the Army using black thread and wearing the full-color flag on the right, and the Air Force, which uses spice brown thread and wears a subdued spice brown flag on the right side of the uniform.
Florian Kastenmeier (born 28 June 1997) is a German football player who plays as a goalkeeper for Fortuna Düsseldorf in the Bundesliga.
Kastenmeier made his professional debut with Fortuna Düsseldorf in a 2-1 DFB-Pokal win over FC Erzgebirge Aue on 30 October 2019.
Redouane Zerdoum (; born 1 January 1999) is an Algerian footballer who plays for ES Sahel in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
Petr Štěpánek, Michal Berg and Petr Globočník ran for position of Male leader while Magdalena Davis and Anna Gümplová ran for position of female leader.
Party ha since then changed its statute so it will be led by co-leaders who will always be Male and Female.
John James Klumb (January 22, 1916 – July 23, 1998) was an American football end who played for two seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
After playing college football for Washington State, he played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the American Professional Football Association (APFA) in 1939.
A popular early film actor, he began in 1907 with the Vitagraph Company in New York and spent the majority of his career with them.
These are a cappella versions of ballads and love songs, drinking songs, game songs, lullabies and waltzes performed by women in the home, passed down from earlier generations to provide entertainment for the family before radio and television existed.
Home music is not considered part of the public performance repertoire of Cajun and zydeco music because the songs were sung in the home by women, rather than in the dance halls of southwestern Louisiana which featured almost exclusively male performers.
Catalon was a recipient of a 1993 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
Inez Catalon was born in Maurice, Louisiana and grew up in nearby Kaplan, Louisiana, the youngest of ten children of German, Spanish, French and African ancestry.
By the time Inez was a child, all but one of her older siblings had moved away from the home but none of Catalon's sisters were interested in learning the songs that were passed down from prior generations.
Inez, however, enjoyed learning the cantiques (songs that originated in France) that her mother knew, spending most of her day singing songs on the steps of the family home.
Inez Catalon never received formal schooling, due to the death of her father which required the Catalon children to go to work.
She was most well-known for her unaccompanied performances of songs that told their stories through a series of vignettes, passed down from her French-speaking ancestors.
She also enjoyed singing other styles of traditional music as well as popular songs of the day, including blues, jazz, Tin Pan Alley and Jimmie Rodgers tunes.
In Louisiana, she performed several times during the mid-1980s at the Louisiana Folklife Festival in Baton Rouge as well as appearances at both the Festivals Acadiens et Créoles and Festival International de Louisiane in Lafayette.
Catalon was also a frequent performer at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, usually accompanied by folk singer and folklorist Marce Lacouture.
Lacouture is from Texas but has Cajun ancestry on her father's side, which she began to explore in the early 1980s by spending time doing research in Acadiana.
By 1983, she had met ballad singers Catalon and Lula Landry from whom Lacouture was learning the old French a capella songs, as well as Cajun and Creole cultural history.
In 1986, Lacouture was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts to formally apprentice with Catalon and Landry, as an attempt to preserve the old, traditional songs associated with home music.
The relationship was more than just professional, as Lacouture became a close friend to both women, learning from them in their homes and being treated as if she was a granddaughter.
Catalon died in her sleep on November 23, 1994 at Abram Kaplan Memorial Hospital in Kaplan, Louisiana as a result of long-standing heart problems.
published originally in 1999 and for which Catalon received credit as a contributor; it was reissued as a second edition in 2014.
At the 1989 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, Catalon, Lula Landry and Marce Lacouture were interviewed by Nick Spitzer on the Allison Miner Music Heritage Stage.
Catalon had no solo albums or singles, so sound recordings of her performances are found only on various artist compilation albums.
It was established in 1992 and houses the public library, also used for school purposes, and the Falkland Islands Leisure Centre.
It does not directly operate post-16 educational services, but it oversees any such education taken by Falkland Island residents in other institutions: the Falkland Islands Government pays Peter Symonds College in England to educate Falkland Islanders for sixth form studies and Chichester College in England to educate Falkland Islanders for national diplomas and NVQs.
The girls' skeleton event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 19 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
An alumnus of the Delhi College of Engineering and the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, he has served as the managing director of Star India and The Walt Disney Company India.
Gupta pursued Bachelor of Engineering in mechanical engineering from the Delhi College of Engineering (now known as Delhi Technological University), following which he joined the research and development wing of Larsen & Toubro.
After completing his post-graduation from IIMC in 1991, Gupta joined Hindustan Unilever as a management trainee, and continued to work in the company for the next sixteen years.
He became the area sales manager for the states of Bihar, Orissa (now known as Odisha), and West Bengal, and then handled various brands such as Close-Up, Lux, Vim, etc.
Gupta worked at Bharti Airtel as the Chief Marketing Officer (Mobility), and left it to join Star India as its Chief Operating Officer in 2009.
He has been credited for the making Star's content available digitally through Hotstar, and for expanding its sports business by acquiring prime cricketing properties and launching Pro Kabaddi League and Indian Super League.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
She was elected to the Lisburn board of guardians in 1896, only three years after the law was changed to allow women to serve on these boards.
Like many other women who sat on these boards, Keightley sat on a number of sub-committees dealing with female staff, schools, clothing and workhouse visiting which were deemed suitable for women to oversee.
This work when combined with raising her own children, was a difficult task and led to her offering to resign from the board in 1905, a suggestion that was rebuffed.
Around this time she was a prominent member of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and chaired the maternity and child welfare committee of Lisburn urban district council.
She was a member of the board of governors of Lisburn and Hillsborough district hospital as well as the vice-chairman of Lisburn employment committee.
Keightley became the first woman magistrate to be appointed in County Antrim in 1925 when she became a justice of the peace.
Global Force Wrestling has held a variety of professional wrestling tournaments competed for by wrestlers that are a part of their roster.
After The Bollywood Boyz vacated the titles to join the WWE there was a tournament to crown new GFW Tag Team Champions.
Zhao Shiguang () (1908-1973), also known as Timothy Zhao or Timothy Chao, was a Chinese Protestant evangelist and the founder of the Bread of Life Church (Ling Liang, ).
Born Zhao Yuan-Chang, the future evangelist was a descendant of the founder of the Song dynasty, the Emperor Taizu of Song.
Following what he claimed to be a vision from the Holy Spirit, he founded a small independent missionary body in 1941, which in 1943 evolved into the Ling Liang (), or Bread of Life Church, headquartered in Shanghai.
A very promising missionary work in Indonesia and the activity of a Christian university Zhao founded there was also stopped in 1958 by political developments, although it started again after Zhao's death, in 1980.
Zhao eventually became an evangelist of international reputation, conducting revivals throughout Asia, with a special success in South Korea, and even in Germany together with Billy Graham.
Zhao was the founder of Hong Kong’s International Theological College and the author of more than 40 theological and devotional books, some of them translated into English.
She competed at the 2007 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival, the 2008 Junior World Championships and the U23 class of the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Junior World Championships.
She collected her first World Cup points in the same city, finishing 29th in a 10 km race in February 2011, improving to a 25th place in January 2013 in La Clusaz.
She later competed in five events at the 2013 Winter Universiade and won the silver medal in the 15 km race.
She competed at the 2009 Junior World Championships, winning a gold medal in the relay, and later in the U23 class at the 2010 and 2011 Junior World Championships.
She made her World Cup debut in the 2007–08 season opener at Beitostølen, also collecting her first World Cup points with a 29th place.
She later improved to a 22nd place in November 2011 at Sjusjøen; however, the relay race the next day in which she finished 6th was her last World Cup outing.
Denton Diablos FC is an American amateur soccer club based in Denton, Texas, which began play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) in 2019.
The Diablos were announced in September 2018 as an NPSL expansion side to play in the South Region’s Lone Star Conference.
The was founded through a partnership between Damon Gochneaur, owner of the Deton-based Aspiro Agency, and Michael Hitchcock, owner of Playbook Management International and fellow NPSL side Fort Worth Vaqueros FC.
On October 2, the team announced Edward S. Marcus High School men's soccer coach Chad Rakestraw as the team's first head coach.
In the team's first season, the club finished second in the Lone Star before falling in the conference semifinals to the Vaqueros.
In January 2020, Denton was announced as one of 14 NPSL clubs that would take part in the 2020 U.S. Open Cup.
He is Deputy Director of the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Professor of Computational Neuroscience at the University of Oxford, and Honorary Lecturer, Wellcome Centre for Imaging Neuroscience, University College London.
Alberto Tricarico (born 10 August 1927) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and in the Roman Curia.
On 28 February 1987, Pope John Paul II named him a titular archbishop, Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Singapore, Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Thailand, Apostolic Delegate to Laos, and Apostolic Delegate to Malaysia and Brunei.
The boys' slopestyle event in snowboarding at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
In 2016, New York became the final U.S. state to legalize and regulate mixed martial arts (MMA), after the sport had been banned in the state in 1997.
On March 22, 2016, New York became the final state to legalize and regulate the sport when the New York state assembly's approval of Bill NoA02604.
The Urban Development Department was merged with the Municipal Affairs Department vide an order of Home Department, Government of West Bengal, being No.
Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Notified Area Authorities , in the state of West Bengal dates back to British regime in 18th.century.
The first municipal mechanism created during British rule was the Municipal Corporation, set up in the former presidency town of Madras (today Chennai) in 1688 with a view to transfer the financial responsibility of local administration to the newly created corporation.
The Mayor's Courts were established in each of the three Presidency towns, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta through the Royal Charter of 1720.
In 1882, the then Victory of India, Lord Ripon's resolution of local self-government laid the democratic forms of municipal governance in India.
The current form and the structure of municipal bodies are based on Lord Ripon's Resolutions, which was adopted in 1882 as local self-government.
In 1935, another Government of India Act brought the local government under the purview of the state of the provincial government and specific powers were given, to those local self-governments.
With the expansion of British Government by making Calcutta as a capital of British India in 1773, the municipal services grow up.
In 2009 she won the silver medal in the 15 km pursuit, and in 2010 the gold medal in the same event.
At the 2013 Winter Universiade she won the bronze medal in the 15 km and the gold medal in the 5 km.
In her next race she also collected her first World Cup points, finishing 22nd in the December 2008 Davos 10 km.
John Laurence Pritchard (25 February 1885 – 23 April 1968) was a British mathematician and writer specialising in works on aviation.
In The Fanshawe Court Mystery (1925), for example, the young writer John Martin comes to the rescue of a young girl whom he takes one evening on his motorcycle and finds himself in the midst of adventures where they encounter fraud, conspiracy, revenge and murder.
As for Murder in the Stratosphere (1938), its intrigue centers on an aeronautical device using a technology which did not yet exist in the 1930s.
Students at MIT formed the ice hockey club in November 1899 in order to introduce the game to the entire student body, however, due to warm weather that year the team was unable to play in any game.
A second meeting was held in 1900 and with the winter appropriately cold, the team was able to organize a small slate of games.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
River Runs Red is a 2018 American thriller film written and directed by Wes Miller and starring Taye Diggs, John Cusack and George Lopez.
She competed on the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup circuit in the 1996–97 and 1998–99 seasons, collecting her first World Cup points in December 1998 in Veysonnaz when finishing 29th in the downhill event.
She competed at the 1999 Junior World Championships without finishing any race, and also in the giant slalom at the 2001 World Alpine Ski Championships without finishing.
She made her FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in October 1999 in Tignes, also collecting her first World Cup points with a 26th place in the giant slalom.
She quickly improved to a 21st place in Copper Mountain and a 7th place in Serre Chevalier, both in giant slalom.
Her last World Cup outing came in January 2005 in Santa Caterina di Valfurva, finishing 24th, once again in the giant slalom.
She made her FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in October 1999 in Tignes, but did not finish a race until January 2001 in Cortina d'Ampezzo.
She collected her first World Cup points with a 28th place in February 2001 in Lenzerheide, and improved her career best slightly to 27th place in Lake Louise in November 2001 and 25th in Lienz in December.
The girls' monobob competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 19 January at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun.
ski ballet, with a 24th place at the 1989 World Championships and sixteen top-20 placements in the FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup.
She made her FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in March 1992 in Crans-Montana, collecting her first World Cup points with a 26th place.
Twice their opponents failed to show up but they were still able to play a couple of games by early February.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
Her left hand was cut off at the wrist by an electric animal feed cutter, during an accident when she was five years old.
The boys' slopestyle event in freestyle skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place on 20 January at the Leysin Park & Pipe.
The 2018 Colombian Census is the XVIII population census and VII of housing developed by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) in the Republic of Colombia, whose guidelines and rules were established in decree 1899 of November 22, 2017.
Initially, it was planned to develop the census in several phases as follows: e-Census (virtual) from January 9 to March 8, 2018 and face-to-face visits to homes, which began in April and were due to end on June 30, 2018.
Subsequently, due to the incidents with the construction of the project Hidroituango that forced the evacuation of several municipalities, the winter emergency, security problems in the Catatumbo and the change of the government authorities, the face-to-face visits to homes extended until September 2018.
Algunos de los resultados preliminares se dieron a conocer a finales de agosto, although the final results were expected to be published in the third week of September, it was finally announced that these would become official on October 30, 2018. the second delivery of preliminary results was made on November 6, 2018.
As reported by DANE, the entire process of executing the census has 32 million people and its budget is 310 million pesos.
Prior to this census, the last population census in Colombia was the 2005 Census, which was conducted between May 22, 2005 and May 22, 2006.
According to the official projections that had been made from the records of that census, the population of Colombia in 2018 should be about 49 834 240 inhabitants.
However, in the preliminary delivery of results, it was noted that these projections were incorrect and that by 2018 the population of Colombia was about 45.5 million people.
Finally, the census results were revealed on July 4, 2019 at a press conference, announcing an estimated 48,258,499 people in Colombia.
The English poster for this film was first unveiled at the (Fajr International Film Festival) with the presence of its agents.
Joering, 39, and Morelli, 54, were shot and killed by Quentin Smith, who had punched and choked his wife leading to her making a 9-1-1 hangup call.
Smith, who was 30 at the time, and who was prohibited from having a gun, was shot five times but survived.
Smith, who had an extensive criminal history involving burglary, intimidation, aggravated menacing, domestic violence, and felonious assault, was tried in October 2019, and convicted on November 1, 2019.
For perhaps the first time in Ohio, family members of the victims gave victim impact statements to the jury during the sentencing phase of a capital case.
The jury recommended that Smith be sentenced to life in prison although some members of the jury reported that their fellow jurors refused to consider the death penalty.
Both victims have been remembered in several ways, including by having part of a highway named after them, and by having their cruiser doors displayed in Washington D.C. as part of the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial for National Police Week.
He graduated from Westerville South High School in 1997 and went on to attend the Columbus State Community College Police Program.
He spent his sixteen years with the Westerville Police Department working as a patrol officer, a detective, and as a K-9 Officer with his dog partner Sam.
At the time of the murders, Quentin Smith (born February 23, 1987) was staying at a townhouse in Westerville, Ohio where his wife Candace and their daughter lived.
The Smiths had been separated for about a year and he was living with his mother in Cleveland but had come back to Westerville for a visit.
Along with domestic violence, his arrest records, and convictions show a criminal history that involved burglary, motor vehicle theft, carrying a concealed weapon, intimation, aggravated menacing, simple assault, and felonious assault.
According to Suber, Henry had tried to prevent Smith from taking her car after she kicked him out of the house.
Smith, who told police that he was defending himself, was charged with two counts of felonious assault, one count of aggravated menacing and one count of theft of a motor vehicle by a Grand Jury but those charges were dropped after Henry did not appear in court to testify.
In October 2008, during an argument with his then-wife Krysten Smith, Krysten said Smith started waving a gun around and screaming that he knew she was cheating on him and that he should have killed her two days ago.
After Krysten went to a neighbor's home for help Smith forced his way into the residence and pointed a gun at his wife’s head.
During that stint, most of which was spent at the Richland Correctional Institution in Mansfield, he had one disciplinary-conduct report after entering another inmates cell and punching him.
In September 2017, she called to say that Smith was drunk and doing something to her car as he was moving out.
She left the department saying that she wanted to talk to her father first but thirty minutes later she and Smith got into an argument when she accused him of cheating on her and giving her a sexually transmitted infection.
Police recommended that Candace and the baby stay in a different part of the house and that they contact them if they got into another argument.
On January 20, 2018, Smith's mother called police to his house to report a disturbance but Smith and Candace said they did not need the police.
Though Smith was not allowed to own a firearm due to his criminal history, he paid Gerald Lawson 100 dollars to buy one for him.
On February 8, Smith, who had been living in Cleveland with his mother after he and his wife separated, came back to Westerville to visit with his daughter.
That male co-worker had gotten a ride from Candace to his father’s house to get a car, as his fiancee had cancer and had taken their car to a medical facility.
Smith, however, believed that his wife was romantically involved with this co-worker and became enraged and started face-timing her from the store.
When Smith got home he physically assaulted Candace by punching her in the face with a closed fist and choking her with both hands until she lost consciousness.
Smith opened the door and Joering and Morelli told the Smiths they were responding to a call about a domestic dispute.
When the shooting stopped Candace went back in the house to get her daughter who was in the living room and found Joering down in doorway and Morelli tussling on the floor with Smith.
It then traveled through the left cerebral hemisphere of his brain, fractured his skull, and went out the back of his neck.
The bullet went through his left lung, through the back cover of his covering of his heart and into the right lung, with the bullet being recovered from his right chest cavity.
After shots were fired, Officer Ray went around to the front and inside the house where he found Joering, Morelli, and Smith all of whom had been shot.
He tried to aid Joering but quickly realized that he was dead as he had no pulse and was shot in the forehead.
He tried to tend to Morelli while telling Smith, who was still trying to move, to stay down and keeping his gun pointed at him.
Officer Stacey Pentecost testified that she found Morelli laying on the floor holding himself up by elbow and Joering laying behind him on his side.
Officer Dan Betts helped Officer Ray secure Smith and then went over to help Morelli and pulled him outside of the house.
An inmate at the County Jail testified that Smith had told him that he had guns and drugs in the house and that he observed an officer behind the house and two more in the front before opening the door.
According to the inmate's testimony, because of the guns and drugs he had, Smith pulled out his gun and shot the first officer twice.
Jury selection began on October 18 and was finalized on October 28 with the trial beginning later that day with opening arguments.
The defense argued that Smith did not intend to kill Joering and Morelli, but that he reacted in a moment of panic and confusion.
On October 29, police officer Timothy Ray, who went to Smith's house with Joering and Morelli, was the first witness called.
Also on October 30, a deputy county coroner testified that Joering died of a gunshot wound to the forehead while Morelli died of a gunshot wound that entered through his left chest and went through his left lung, the covering of his heart, and his right lung.
The jury deliberated for three and a half hours before finding Smith guilty of two counts of aggravated murder, two counts of murder and one count of domestic violence along with two specifications that made him eligible for the death penalty - killing police officers purposely and killing two or more people purposely.
The sentencing phase of the trial began on Monday, November 4 with the first witnesses being Morelli's widow Linda Morelli, Joering’s widow Jami Joering, and Morelli’s daughter Elizabeth Morelli who were called by the State of Ohio.
The widows gave victim impact statements, telling jurors about the effects of the murders on them and their families while Morelli’s daughter spoke about how she got married shortly after her father’s death without him there.
It was believed to be the first time in Ohio that victim impact statements were allowed in the sentencing phase of a capital case.
Later that day, the jury recommended Smith be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole after deliberating for almost four hours and becoming deadlocked.
Though prosecutors said they found the decision disappointing in some regards the victims’ widows told them they were pleased with the sentence.
A male and a female juror told a local TV station that several jurors refused to consider voting for a death sentence.
And everybody did- but when we got in that room, one just sat back and said, 'Life - I can't do it.
On November 21, Judge Richard Frye sentenced Smith to two consecutive life sentences without parole, along with twenty-six and a half years imprisonment.
The City of Westerville’s Twitter account reported that an officer had been killed on the day of the murders just before 2:00 pm.
The local Fraternal Order of Police set up a Go Fund Me account which was verified by the city to help cover medical bills, funeral expenses, and education costs for the victims' children.
A funeral for Morelli was held at the Moreland Funeral Home while Joering’s funeral was held in the Hill Funeral Home.
In July 2018, Morelli and Joering's police badge insignias, as well as a badge insignia belonging to another fallen police officer were placed on a training jet used in Columbus State Community College’s aviation maintenance program.
Morelli and Joering were honored in both an annual memorial ceremony for fallen Ohio police officers as well as in a national ceremony for fallen police officers.
The Ohio memorial took place in London, Ohio, at the Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy while the national ceremony was in Washington D.C.
In October 2019 the Blue Blood Brotherhood, a non-profit group, donated twenty-eight sets of body armor plates to the Westerville Police Department and the Delaware County Sheriff’s tactical unit.
Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century.
Seewis-Pardisla railway station () is a railway station in the municipality of Seewis im Prättigau, in the Swiss canton of Grisons.
He was most notable for several terms in the Vermont House of Representatives (six terms between 1839 and 1862), a term in the Vermont Senate (1864), and appointment as United States Marshal for Vermont (1865 to 1869).
Hugh Horatio Henry was born in Rockingham, Vermont on October 13, 1814, a son of Hugh Horatio Henry (1767-1847) and Elizabeth Susan (Dodge) Henry (1781-1831).
When the Republican Party was formed in the 1850s as the main-anti-slavery party in the United States, Henry became an early adherent.
With the rest of the state's delegation, Henry supported Jacob Collamer for president on the first ballot as a favorite son.
Most members of the Vermont delegation intended to change their support to William H. Seward, the frontrunner, but Henry backed Abraham Lincoln and lobbied Vermont delegates and those from nearby states.
During his term, the Fenian Brotherhood, an organization of Irish Republicans, attempted to attack the British dominion of Canada from staging areas in Vermont.
Henry took steps to prevent the Fenians from receiving weapons or traveling to Canada, and later oversaw their dispersal and departure from the state.
His funeral was held at his home, and was attended by prominent Vermonters including Judge David Allen Smalley and General George J. Stannard.
They were the parents of ten children -- Mary, Hugh, Martha D., Julia, Clark, Charles F., Arthur H., Patrick, William and Sarah E.
In it her real-life friend, co-writer and co-producer, Melanie Leishman, play sisters who sell cosmetics in the mid-1990s, just when the internet was becoming popular.
The British literary figure and designer William Morris (1834-1896), a founder of the British Arts and Crafts Movement, was especially known for his wallpaper designs.
These were created for the firm he founded with his partners in 1861, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Company, and later for Morris and Company.
He created fifty different block-printed wallpapers, all with intricate, stylised patterns based on nature, particularly upon the native flowers and plants of Britain.
His wallpapers and textile designs had a major effect on British interior designs, and then upon the subsequent Art Nouveau movement in Europe and the United States.
His partners in the company were members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, a group of painters who rejected the art and design of the Victorian era, and sought to revive earlier themes and techniques of art and craftsmanship.
However, two years passed between the time he designed the paper and the time he was able to print it to his satisfaction.
His primary objective was to make the wallpaper by hand, with transparent oil colours on zinc plates, rather than However, when he could not make this work to his satisfaction, he gave the task to an established wallpaper firm, Jeffrey and company, which printed it with wood blocks and distemper colours.
For the bedroom of his own residence Kelmscott House, which he decorated in 1879, he used the trellis design with a blue background.
At the end of the 1860s, in order to bring in more orders, he created an entirely different group of four papers based on a new design, called the Indian.
In 1868, though he disliked the Victorian idea of using several different designs of wallpaper in the same room, intended especially for the ceilings of rooms.
In the 1870s, through practice and continual refinement, he achieved a mastery of the technique and a more sophisticated and subtle style, with a finer balance between color, variety, and structure.
During this period he created some of this most famous designs, creating an illusion of three dimension, with lavish flowers interwoven with a complex and lush background.
A typical Morris wallpaper in the 1870s required as much as four weeks to manufacture, using thirty different printing blocks and fifteen separate colours.
The wallpapers of Morris were regarded as strange and excessive for most wealthy Victorians, who preferred the more geometric and traditional French styles The early clients of Morris his wallpapers were mostly his avant-garde artist friends His early designs were purchased by his close friend painter Edward Burne-Jones, and Punch cartoonist Edward Linley Sambourne.
He also had as few avant-garde aristocratic clients, including the Earl and Countess of Carlisle, who used the 'Bird and Anemone' and two sunflower designs in their home at Castle Howard in Yorkshire.
In the 1880s, his work finally received royal attention: In 1880 he was asked to redecorate rooms St. James's Palace in London.
In 1887 Queen Victoria again commissioned Morris & Company, this time to another special design for wallpaper at Balmoral Castle, based on the 'VRI' initials of the Queen.
Between 1864 and 1867, for his early wallpapers such as the Trellis, Fruit and Pacquerette, he experimented with printing them with blocks of zinc but decided that this was too complex and took too long.
He turned to a commercial company, Barrett of Bethnal Green, which made the first blocks for him in the traditional way from pearwood.
The design was first outlined on the block, and carved in wood, cutting sway everything except for the part of there design to be printed in one colour.
The pigments, made with natural ingredients, were mixed with sizing or a binder, and then put into shallow trays, called wells.
The long papers were passed over on wooden rods overhead, with the section of paper to be printed placed flat on a table in front of the craftsman.
The printer painted a pad with the first colour, then pressed the block down onto the pad to put the paint onto its surfaces.
When the colour on the first sheet was dry, he took another block and printed the next colour over the first and so on, colour after colour, until the design was complete.
in the 1850s, during the Victorian era Prior to Morris, most English wallpaper was inspired by the geometric and historical designs of Augustus Welby Pugin, who had created the neo-Gothic interiors of Westminster Palace, and Owen Jones, notable for his abstract geometric patterns.
in s different direction, it was also strongly influenced by imitations of the colorful and highly ornate French wallpaper of the Napoleon III style.
He placed his flowers and plants in series which were carefully created to be rhythmic and balanced, giving a sense of order and harmony.
In the 1870s and 1880s his designs became denser, richer and more complex, but they preserved the sense of and harmony and equilibrium which he sought.
The most prominent were John Henry Dearle, who collaborated closely with Morris on many of his projects, and issued them under the name of Morris.
The sisters and designers Kate Faulkner and Lucy Faulkner Orrinsmith also collaborated with Morris, and adapted elements of his philosophy and style in their own work.
Lieban was born as the son of a hazzan in Břeclav and learned to play the violin from gypsies in his youth.
Later he attended the conservatory of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, studied singing with Josef Gänsbacher and came to the local theatre as a violinist.
From 1883 he was member of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden as ; later he also sang at the newly founded Deutsche Oper Berlin in Charlottenburg.
Golnar Abivardi and Haleh Abivardi (also known as Abivardi Sisters) are Swiss dentists and entrepreneurs, known for their chain of dental clinics called Swiss Smile.
Their father was working as a natural scientist at ETH Zurich and their mother being the director of a school for the English language.
Both studied dentistry at the University of Zurich; Haleh Abivardi from 1990 to 1996, finishing her dissertation in 1998, and her younger sister Golnar from 1993 to 1998, finishing hers in 2001.
In 2017 the Swiss Jacobs Holding bought a share from the Abivardi sisters and from Swedish EQT Partners that had acquired a minority interest in 2013.
Parbati Kumari Bisunkhe (also spelled Parvati, Parbatikumari and Bisungkhe) is a Nepali communist politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
Politically, she was affiliated with CPN UML until 2018 when it merged with CPN (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist Party (NCP).
In October 2019, she was a part of the group that rebelled against the party and established parallel organising committees at the local levels of Karnali Province.
Following the merger of CPN UML with CPN (Maoist Centre) on 18 May 2018, she represents the newly formed Nepal Communist Party in parliament.
In August 2018, she was one of the 22 lawmakers who pushed for the Resolution motion to end violence against women, which would direct the government to initiate awareness programs including by modifying school textbooks.
That same month, she also sought revisions to the Nepal Citizenship (First Amendment) Bill to end discriminatory provisions against receiving the citizenship certificate in one's mother's name.
Robert Henry Buck, universally known as Bob Buck, (2 July 1881 - 9 August 1960) was a pastoralist and bushman who is best remembered as being one of the people to recover the body of Lewis Harold Bell Lasseter.
Buck was born on 2 July 1881 in Alberton in South Australia and he is the son of Robert and Sarah Ann Buck.
Buck was primarily self-educated and, until 1905, worked in and around Wallaroo until he joined his uncle Joseph Breaden to work in the Northern Territory.
Buck's uncle owned Todmorden, Henbury and Idracowra stations in the Northern Territory and his brother Allan, also Buck's uncle, managed Idracowra Station.
In 1907 Buck overlanded 800 head of cattle from Brunette Downs Station to Henbury Station, a journey which due to severe drought took 10 months, where he became the manager.
Buck was well respected and fondly regarded by the Aboriginal people living nearby Henbury Station and it is said he treated them well and was generous with rations compared to his contemporaries.
During this period Buck frequently made lengthy visits to Hermannsburg, which was a Lutheran Mission being run by Carl Strehlow, as his daughter Ettie was living, alongside Elsie Butler, there with missionaries Mr and Mrs Emil Munchenburg so that they could receive private tuition.
Buck always made his visits to Hermannsburg with Molly and many expected that the often puritanical Carl Strehlow would not approve of the pair as they were not legally married, however, he always welcomed them.
In 1927 Buck left Henbury, and his uncles, and, in partnership with his long term friend Alf Butler (father of Elsie), leased Middleton Ponds Station which there two would manage together until 1939.
During this period Buck was also contracted to assist explorer Donald Mackay complete aerial surveys of the Northern Territory and Western Australia by assisting on the ground and working with a team of Aboriginal men and camels; Buck and his team cleared aerodromes, left supplies, guided aeroplanes with smoke-signals and many other tasks.
In February 1931 Buck, alongside Johnson Breaden, Lion and Billy Button and several other men, were commissioned to search for Lewis Harold Bell Lasseter and they found and buried his body.
There was suspicion at the time that Buck had not actually found the body and this brought Buck to national attention and was even travelled to Sydney to be interviewed by the media.
In 1939 the Buck and Butler dissolved their partnership and Buck began managing Renner's Rock Station until he retired to Alice Springs in 1953.
In Alice Springs Buck became an 'identity' at the Stuart Arms Hotel and he became a notorious yarn-spinner who told many tall stories.
Dumas has devoted himself to the study of the specific sexual reproduction mechanisms of flowering plants and their applications for the genetic improvement of cultivated plants.
He studied at the IPES (Institut des Professeurs de l'Enseignement Secondaire) at Claude Bernard University (UCB) from 1962 to 1965), then from 1965 to 1968 he was a teacher in secondary education including 1 year at the Centre Pédagogique Régional de Lyon.
He passed the CAPES in natural sciences in 1968, followed by 2 years as a Volunteer in the National Active Service (VSNA) in Tunisia (Sousse high school).
He was Visiting Professor, Tohoku University and Miyasaki University (Japan Society of Promotion of Sciences in 1987), Stanford, UCLA, Flagstaff University (Invited by the French Embassy in California).
Dumas first explored the mechanisms of stigmatous secretion : the stigma is in the flower, the female organ that receives pollen (male partner), before engaging in the study of male and female partners in sexual reproduction and their interactions at the origin of seed formation.
In these various key areas of seed production, the team led by Christian Dumas characterized the stigmatic receptor linked to the incompatibility mechanism as well as its ligand, it also characterized the stigmatic and ovular receptivity period and also made it possible to carry out various pollination-fertilization bioassays, including the first in vitro fertilization in flowering plants under physiological conditions close to normal.
This work has been carried out in several model and/or interesting species such as maize, cabbage Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana, the fruit fly of plant biologists; in addition, the search for genes involved in floral fragrance and flower structure has been initiated in rose as well as preliminary work on the origin of flowering plants using Amborella trichopoda-core species of all current flowering plants endemic to New Caledonia.
Dumas has remained close to secondary education through his close links with the Association of Professors of Biology and Geology by organizing practical workshops, training seminars or participating in its events.
He was elected to the French Academy of sciences as Correspondant, Animal and Plant Biology Section in 1989 and then as Member, Integrative Biology Section in 2002 to which he was a delegate between 2011 and 2014.
He has been Professor Emeritus since 2011, he is a member of two Academy commissions: the Teaching Commission (including La Main à la Pâte) and the Environment Commission; he also chaired the working group on the reform of its governance in 2009.
The Central Area, Ipswich is one of five administrative areas in Ipswich, through which Ipswich Borough Council divides its spending and enables feedback from local residents, businesses and community groups.
He took a one year hiatus from racing in 1998, but returned in 1999 to achieve a 4th place finish in the WTP South African Championship.
He was set to win the 2007 SA Karting Championship, but suffered a broken chain during the final round of the season.
2007 saw Bonafede move to saloon racing, joining the South African Volkswagen Polo Cup, achieving mild success with a podium finish and a pole position in his first season.
Focusing on his matric examinations in 2008, he had to settle for a second place finish in the Polo Cup season that year, with 4 wins and 2 pole positions.
He achieved relative success, with a third place finish in the 2012 and 2014 championships being the highlights of his stay.
After the Production Car Championship folded in 2015, Bonafede joined BMW for the inaugural season of the Sasol GTC Championship in 2016.
The 2017 season saw Bonafede start off strongly, leading the championship for over half the season, before falling short at the final round at Zwartkops Raceway, once again to Stephen.
He ended the 2018 championship in third place, crashing out in the season finale and losing second in the standings to Simon Moss.
He joined Boutsen Ginion Racing for two rounds of the 2019 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, finishing 46th overall and 8th in the Am-class at the 24 Hours of Spa.
He finished 5th in the Pro Am-class (32nd overall) at the 3 Hours of Barcelona, ending the season 21st in the Pro Am-standings and 28th in the Am-standings.
He also took part in two rounds of the 2019 Intercontinental GT Challenge, with the 24 Hours of Spa overlapping between the two championships.
She is perhaps best known for being the partner of Australian rugby league player Frank Winterstein, who she married in 2013.
In March 2019, Instagram placed restrictions on her account and her social media accounts were restricted by Facebook in a crackdown to prevent dangerous and misinformed anti-vaccination messages.
Winterstein urges parents to question the safety of childhood vaccinations and says parents are being bullied and pressured by GPs to give their children vaccinations.
Samoan health officials and the World Health Organization (WHO) blame unqualified figures such as Winterstein and the anti-vaccination movement for a decline in immunisation rates, which in turn caused the 2019 measles epidemic to be more severe and deadly.
Winterstein blamed the Samoan government for the epidemic as she claims it did not distribute Vitamin A tablets to those who contracted the illness.
In the midst of the vaccination crisis in June 2019, just months before the measles outbreak, Winterstein met with fellow anti-vaxxer Robert Kennedy Jr. in Samoa.
Nikki Turner, director of the Immunisation Advisory Centre at the University of Auckland accused the anti-vaccine movement of ramping up their activity in Samoa when the vaccination rates had dropped, particularly on social media.
Medical experts warned that the deadly measles outbreak in Samoa is a sign of the expansion of an increasingly predatory anti-vaccination movement.
A measles outbreak was declared on 16 October and led to the Samoan government declaring a state of emergency on 15 November 2019 and to the introduction of an emergency mandatory vaccination strategy.
Under the emergency measures children and adults were obliged to vaccinate, while kindergartens, schools and the university were closed, and unvaccinated pregnant women were barred from attending work.
After the outbreak, the anti-vax activists doubled-down on social media, and the Samoan government met resistance from anti-vaxxers to its emergency strategy, notably from Winterstein.
She was critical of the current medical treatment of antibiotics and acetaminophen being given, recommending vitamin A tablets for those with measles instead.
The Samoan Government ordered anti-vaccination advocates such as Winterstein to stop discouraging people from seeking vaccination, with the Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi suggesting imprisonment for anti-vaccination advocates.
As of late December, there were 83 deaths and 5,700 confirmed cases of measles out of a Samoan population of 201,000.
In an attempt to counter the Australian state and federal no-jab, no-play laws, the workshops also canvass anti-vaxxer parents' options for daycare and preschool.
Winterstein also presented at the 2019 Canberra Vaccination Conference, an anti-vaccination event, alongside other renowned anti-vaxxers such as Judy Wilyman and Michael O'Neill from IMOP, an Australian anti-vax/anti-flouride political party.
The website for the company that produces PXP, Enzacta, claims a number of health benefits for their product, including that it can help with pain, migraines, autism, improve eyesight and wrinkles.
Other unsubstantiated medical claims have been made regarding PXP, including that it neutralises free radicals, incorrectly claimed to be the root of cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, stroke and diabetes.
Winterstein sold PXP for up to $1000 a kilogram, whereas purple rice, which is the same as black rice, can be purchased from supermarkets for around $10 a kilogram.
Customers could get a discount on PXP if they signed up to sell the product, also giving them the prospect of bonuses and luxury rewards.
Enzacta, the company behind PXP, lists its office as a postbox in Wyoming, USA which is also a depot for hundreds of other businesses.
She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
The North East Area, Ipswich is one of five administrative areas in Ipswich, through which Ipswich Borough Council divides its spending and enables feedback from local residents, businesses and community groups.
The Women's Army Corps (Kowad) is the official administrative formation of women in active service in the combat, combat support and service support formations of the Indonesian Army.
In 1959, with Sukarno's guided democracy policies now in force, the National Armed Forces considered making a historic decision to finally enlist women to serve in its ranks.
For many years before, during and after the Indonesian National Revolution, many women fought as either individual rebels or as part of rebel formations that fought for Indonesia's independence from the rule of the Dutch and many women had even made societal advances for various causes, including feminism and the economic and social scene.
For these reasons and others, Colonel Dr. Sumarno, then assistant chief of staff of personnel of the Indonesian Army, conveyed his ideas of the service of women for certain fields of assignment that required precision, perseverance, patience, and maternal qualities that became the nature of women to better achieve organizational affiliation within the ranks of the regular Army and in the reserves.
On October 5, 1963, the KOWAD made its first public appearance as part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Day celebrations held at the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex grounds.
Many of the first ever women to march past in a national parade were veterans of the recently concluded Operation Trikora, wherein personnel of the Corps were deployed as part of the combat and service support units forward deployed to West Papua to fight against the Armed forces of the Netherlands.
To this day, the presence of the Women's Army Corps in major ceremonies of the armed forces, including on Army Day, December 15, has indeed been positive among the general public, given the government's efforts to ensure that the Indonesian woman's role in national defense will be always maintained.
Sirajganj-4 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Tanveer Imam of the Awami League.
MTV Supermodel of the Year is an Indian reality television series, which premiered on 22 December 2019 and broadcast on MTV India.
Ro-63 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
The final match of the 2001–02 edition of the Bulgarian Cup was held on 15 May 2002 at the Stadion Slavia in Sofia.
The North West Area, Ipswich is one of five administrative areas in Ipswich, through which Ipswich Borough Council divides its spending and enables feedback from local residents, businesses and community groups.
The 1954 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1954 college football season.
In their 19th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10–1 record (5–1 against SWAC opponents), finished second in the SWAC, and outscored all opponents by a total of 374 to 124.
After graduating in October 1927, Blöte was appointed as a curator of Crustaceae and Mollusca in November the same year and was also responsible for part of the entomological collections, the Coleoptera and Hemiptera.
He was a candidate for Uxbridge and South Ruislip in the 2019 United Kingdom general election against incumbent prime minister Boris Johnson.
In earlier elections Harvey stood as Lord Buckethead, but was forced to change the name due to a copyright dispute with Todd Durham, the originator of the character.
Walter Edwards (26 June 1924 – 5 November 2018) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leeds United and Mansfield Town.
, the largest shareholder of the company (54.01%) was Telecomunicações Públicas de Timor, S.A. (TPT), which was controlled by Investel Communications, a Brazilian company owned by Timorese businessman , with partners and capital from the Middle East and China.
The shareholders of TPT were Investel (76%), the Harii Foundation – Sociedade para o Desenvolvimento de Timor-Leste (linked to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baucau) (18%), and Fundação Oriente (6%).
The remaining shareholders in TT were the State of Timor-Leste (20.59%), VDT Holding Limited, a Macau-based company (17.86%) and East Timorese businessman Júlio Alfaro (4.49%).
In 2001, the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) launched an international tender for the construction of a replacement telecommunications system.
On 17 October 2002, the Timor Telecom consortium was transformed into Timor Telecom, S.A., the first corporation to be formed in the newly independent East Timor.
By 1 March 2003, the company had created East Timor's first national telecommunications network, and set up its country code, +670.
By the end of 2003, landline, mobile and internet services were available on the network, and the company had opened its first store in Dili.
TT's monopoly was to be ended in response to overwhelming public opinion in favour of liberalisation, and in line with developments in the European Union and other countries in the Pacific such as South Korea.
On 2 October 2013, Portugal Telecom and Oi, S.A., a Brazilian telecommunications company, announced that they would combine operations to form a new Brazil-based business.
In 2015, the merged company's assets in Portugal were sold to Altice to reduce debt; the merged company retained its interests in TT.
In December 2016, Oi sought approval from a Rio de Janeiro district court to sell its stake in TT to Investec, and in March 2017 the court gave its approval, subject to an assessment that the amount Investec had offered was appropriate.
In 2013, it introduced three new customer plans, completed the renovation of all of its existing stores, and opened a new call centre at .
, the company covered about 94% of East Timor's population with mobile network and internet services, and had about 632,500 customers for those services.
The South East Area, Ipswich is one of five administrative areas in Ipswich, through which Ipswich Borough Council divides its spending and enables feedback from local residents, businesses and community groups.
Each team in the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup had to name a 23-man squad (three of whom must be goalkeepers).
Liverpool initially named Dejan Lovren and Rhian Brewster in their squad, but they were subsequently not named in the contingent that travelled to Qatar.
They subsequently added Ki-Jana Hoever and Sepp van den Berg to their squad, who flew out alongside Harvey Elliott following Liverpool's EFL League Cup quarter-final on 17 December.
The Government Delegation for Gender Violence (, DGVG) is a unit of the Secretariat of State for Equality of the Spanish Department of the Presidency responsible for proposing the central government policy against the different forms of violence against women and promoting, coordinating and advising on all the measures carried out in this matter.
The DGVG is headed by a Delegate of the Government, a civil servant with the rank of director-general appointed by the Monarch with the advice of the Minister of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Equality.
The Government Delegation is structured through a central organization integrated by two deputy directorates-general and a decentralized network of gender violence units.
The Delegation of the Government manages the national registers of gender violence victims; the women register was created in 2003 and the childs register in 2013.
The Government Delegation for Gender Violence was first devised in 2004 during the first term of prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
The organ was granted the rank of directorate-general and its first holder was Encarnación Orozco, a Labour Law expert and Socialist Parliamentary Group's Legal Cabinet advisor.
In the second term of Zapatero's premiership, in 2008, the unit was renamed Government Delegation for Gender Violence and it was transferred to the Ministry of Equality.
It was endowed with two deputy directorates-general, one for Planning and Inter-institutional Coordination and other for Preventing and Managing of Gender Violence Knowledge.
However, in 2010, due to the economic crisis, the Equality Ministry was dismantled and its responsibilities were assumed by the newly created Secretariat of State for Equality, a component of the Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality.
In 2018, the Secretariat of State and its units were transferred to the Ministry of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Equality due to the great importance that the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Presidency, Carmen Calvo, gives to equality policies since she, within the Socialist Party, was the maximum person in charge of these responsibilities.
In accordance with the Organic Act on Integral Protection Measures Against Gender Violence which creates this organ, its holder is entitled before the courts of justice to intervene in defense of the rights and interests protected in said law in collaboration and coordination with the Administrations with competence in the field.
The Government Delegation manages the National Network of Coordination and Gender Violence Units, a set of units integrated in the Government Delegations, Government Sub-delegations and Insular Directorates for the territorial execution of the central government's policy regarding gender violence.
George Ernest Banks (28 March 1919–1991) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and West Bromwich Albion.
The 1960 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1960 college football season.
In their 25th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 9–1 record (6–1 against SWAC opponents), finished in a three-way with and for the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 226 to 79.
In selecting a national champion, the ANP noted that Southern's strength of schedule, which included non-conference games against Florida A&M and , gave it the edge.
McGregor tells how Khabzela rose to fame in post-apartheid South Africa, enjoying relative fame and wealth and leading a hedonistic and promiscuous lifestyle.
For Shula Marks, the biography shows that ambivalence towards medical treatment of AIDS was not just the result of the dubious dictates of the Thabo Mbeki government, but also stemmed from ingrained attitudes in the wider South African public.
Nogwaja Shadrack Zulu writes that beyond the surface narrative of the biography, the book explores the politics around AIDS in 1990s South Africa and raises questions about the consequences of AIDS denialism at that time.
Gavin Steingo writes the McGregor cannot understand why Khabzela pursued a course that ended in his own death, and finds her proffered explanations – that he craved independence or wanted to retain the added attention that his illness brought – unconvincing.
John Grogan (30 October 1915–1976) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Mansfield Town.
On February 10, 2015, a music video for the song, produced by KondZilla, was released, reaching 6 million views in less than two weeks.
On May 2015, following allegations of copyright infringement and objections to its sexually explicit content from Disney, the song was removed from all streaming platforms, and its music video deleted from YouTube.
The Railway Engineer Regiment () is a military engineer regiment of the Italian Army based in Castel Maggiore in the Emilia Romagna.
Today the regiment is administratively assigned to the army's Engineer Command and NATO's only unit capable of railway construction and operation.
The usefulness of these troops was noted in the Kingdom of Italy and on 30 September 1873 the Italian defense minister Cesare Ricotti-Magnani ordered that each of the two engineer regiments of the Royal Italian Army was to form two railway construction companies and three railroad operations companies.
On 2 July 1895 these railway companies were combined in the battalion-sized Railway Brigade, which consisted of four railway construction companies and two railroad operations companies.
One of the companies assigned to the new regiment, the 6th Diggers Company of the 2nd Engineer Regiment, had distinguished itself during crossing of the Macerone pass on 20 October 1860 during the Third Italian War of Independence and arrived with a Bronze Medal of Military Valour, which was affixed to the flag of the newly raised regiment.
During World War I the regiment mobilized two more railway engineer battalions, twelve railway construction companies, one railway operations battalion, four decauville companies, and 177 photoelectric sections, which operated searchlights along the Italian Front.
The regiment began to operate the Chivasso–Ivrea–Aosta railway in 1915 and after World War I it also began to operate the Bolzano-Meran-Mals railway in the newly annexed province of South Tyrol.
The battalions saw service in Libya and Tunisia during the Western Desert Campaign and Tunisian Campaign, in Southern Ukraine as part of the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, in Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece and France.
In 1941 the 9th Company of the IV Railway Engineer Battalion built a combined road and rail bridge over the Corinth Canal, using an Austrian .
The same battalion repaired the bridge over the Gorgopotamos river after the British-Greek Operation Harling had successfully destroyed the bridge on 25 November 1942.
The regiment's I Railway Engineer Battalion served in Ukraine and Russia, where during the Battle of Arbuzovka the battalion fought in the frontline as infantry, earning a War Cross of Military Valour.
After Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 and the regiment and its battalions were disbanded by the Germans.
On 1 January 1954 the I Railway Battalion became an autonomous unit and the process of reforming the Railway Engineer Regiment began.
On 1 January 1962 the regiment received the VI Army Corps Engineer Battalion in Bologna and on 1 February 1964 the II Bridge Engineer Battalion returned to the 2nd Bridge Engineer Regiment.
On 8 October 1977 floodwaters of the Toce river swept the railway bridge of the Domodossola–Milan railway between Fondotoce and Feriolo away and the Railway Engineer Regiment was called up to rebuild the bridge.
After the Bosnian War the regiment was deployed from 1996 to 1998 to Bosnia-Herzegovina to repair the long Novi Grad–Bosanska Otoka–Martin Brod–Strmica railway in Northern Bosnia, which was heavily damaged during the war.
On 1 December 1997 the regiment passed from the Tuscan-Emilian Military Region to the army's Engineer Grouping, which on 10 September 2010 became the Engineer Command.
In July 1999 after the Kosovo War the regiment was deployed to Kosovo, where the regiment operated the Skopje–Kosovo Polje–Pristina railway, and repaired/operated the Kosovo Polje–Peć and Klina–Prizren railways.
In 2001 the regiment ceded the operation of the Chivasso–Ivrea–Aosta railway to the Ferrovie dello Stato and on 1 February 2002 the regiment activated the Operations Battalion in Ozzano Emilia, which received some of the troops and equipment of the 2nd Railway Engineer Battalion (Operations) in Turin, before the latter disbanded on 31 August of the same year and reformed as 32nd Engineer Battalion the next day.
The new Operations Battalion was disbanded on 31 October 2017 and its functions and personnel merged into the 1st Railway Engineer Battalion.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
A Dutch flower bucket is the most common container used in the European floral industry to transport flowers, and to keep them watered along the way.
All flowers exported by truck from the Netherlands towards the main continental European countries and the United Kingdom are delivered to customers via Dutch buckets stored on trolleys.
The bucket is expected to be collected empty by the truck driver on the return voyage; if the bucket is not returned a fee is charged.
Opposite to other shipping devices, such as pallets and TEU containers, the Dutch bucket is not considered a unit of measurement, and flowers are not sold or purchased based on quantities of buckets delivered.
The 1959 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1959 college football season.
In their 24th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled an 8–2 record (7–0 against SWAC opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 267 to 93.
Negin Shirtari Foumani (, born 3 march 1998) is a volleyball player from Iran is a volleyball player from Iran, who plays as an play cards for the Women's National Team and barij esans team.She participated in the championship in Korea in 2019 with the women's volleyball team.
He was the chief librarian of the Prague Jewish community in the period between the two world wars and the professional manager of the Jewish Museum in Prague during the Nazi Occupation.
His nephew (the son of his oldest brother – Joel Julius Jakobovits), Lord Dr. Israel Immanuel Jakobovits (8 February 1921 – 31 October 1999) became the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth between 1967 and 1991.
Tobias Jakobovits was born 23 November 1887 in Lakompak, in what was then western Hungary and today is known as Lackenbach in Austria.
Tobias was privileged to receive both a religious and secular education simultaneously in accordance with the cultural state of central Europe at that time.
He studied first in the Bratislava Yeshiva (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today the capital of Slovakia) and completed his rabbinical studies at the Berlin Seminar.
In 1917 he served as the chief rabbi of the Michle Quarter that was then known as Quarter 4 in the city.
He was granted Czechoslovakian citizenship, was promoted to the position of head librarian of the Jewish community in Prague and also got married.
At the same time, Tobias was active in the Council of Rabbis of Bohemia and also worked as an instructor for religious studies at German Jewish schools.
In the year 1928 he discontinued his position as the rabbi in Prague but for the next two years he fulfilled the position of rabbi, cantor and religious school teacher in the small town Uhlířské Janovice, in proximity to Prague.
Under his leadership, the library engaged in collecting rare holy books and manuscripts dealing with subjects pertaining to Judaism and the history of Czech Jews.
In this endeavor of extensive revising it is quite apparent his comprehensive knowledge of the general history of the Jews and his mastery of additional foreign languages and literature.
During the second half of the 1930s the shadow of the approaching war began to affect the family of Tobias Jakobovits.
In the middle of 1939, Jakobovits sent his firstborn son, Joseph, to the Land of Israel and then a few months later also sent his younger son, Moshe.
After the conquest and occupation of the city by the Nazi Germans in March 1939 the library was closed, but Jakobovits continued to be employed by the Jewish community as the Archiver and researcher.
Despite the fact that he was offered a position as an historian in the United States, Jakobovits preferred to stay in Prague and contribute his knowledge in the occupied city.
In 1942 Tobias was added to the team of the Jewish Museum in Prague under the Nazi occupation as an expert in history and ancient manuscripts.
He became the professional manager of the museum, and despite the fact that Joseph Polak created the concept of the museum, the official responsibility for the running of the museum was predicated on Jakobovits.
To execute this purpose, they concentrated in the museum a variety of many Jewish treasures that were plundered by them from all around Nazi-occupied Europe.
Jakobovits and his colleagues engaged in sorting out hundreds of thousands of Jewish items – holy items, books, handwritten documents and manuscripts –- that arrived from all over Europe.
Jakobovits was the curator of the first exhibition that took place under Nazi occupation in the Great Synagogue of Prague in October 1942.
The exhibition was based upon the project which he himself instituted in 1927 and included rare Jewish and Hebrew books and manuscripts.
In 1943, he participated in the writing of a guidebook to the central Jewish museum and it this work he described the history of the synagogues in which was located the Jewish museum.
Jakobovits maintained an optimistic attitude regarding the fate of the Jews that were deported by the Nazis to camps in the east and expressed his hope that the purpose of the museum will be to preserve the Jewish items during the war and until these items will be returned to their rightful owners and the Jewish communities throughout Europe.
As an historian, Jakobovits performed research about the Jews of Europe in general and, specifically, about the Jews in Czechoslovakia and Bohemia.
Aatagallu () is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film produced by Vaasireddy Ravindra, Vaasireddy Sivaji, Vaddapudi Jithendra, Makkina Ramu on Friends Movie Creations banner and directed by Paruchuri Murali.
Right now, all the pieces of evidence keep Siddharth at fault, but Veerendra believes he is virtuous and becomes his liberator.
One night, he had a clash with a farmer Dharma Rao (Prabhu) who claps him on the road when enraged Siddharth knocks him out.
The first song launched on 10 June 2018 in Red FM at Mango Music where as trailer is launched on 30 June 2018.
Nothing impresses about Nara Rohit’s acting, Jagapathi Babu’s stern & serious looks work out good for him and Darshana Banik as Cameo.
In a historic pro-democracy landslide in 2019 District Council election, the group won two seats in the Sai Kung District Council.
Tseung Kwan O Pioneers was founded in March 2016 by three young Tseung Kwan O residents, Chan Wai-lit, Cheung Fung-kiu and Cheung Wai-chiu who inspired by the Umbrella Revolution and aimed at providing community services in Choi Kin, Fu Nam and King Lam respectively.
While Cheung Fung-kiu did not run eventually, Chan Wai-lit and Cheung Wai-chiu failed to coordinate with other pro-democrat candidates which resulted in more than one pro-democrat running in the those constituencies.
However, both Chan and Cheung were successfully elected with majority of votes in Choi Kin and King Lam despite the clashes.
Tenghilan is a small town and Mukim under the administration of the Tamparuli minor District Office and located in Tuaran District, West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia.
Tenghilan town also has a size area of about 400 hectares and, Mount Kinabalu is also clearly visible in the beautiful landscape from Tenghilan in the sunshine.
Tenghilan town has eight rows of old shops and was build in the year 1930 by the British, which is said to have been developed by the Chinese and Sino-Kadazan (Chinese + Kadazan) communities.
Now, the small town of Tenghilan has the potential to developed by having new shop buildings with 9 unit of 2 levels that provides more convenience to the community there.
Long-time ago, Tenghilan it is believed that the center of trade and economic centralization began in Kampong Pengalan which is, the Pengalan river was the heart of transportation.
Most of the residents here are from Kadazan Dusun people who carry out agricultural activities as the main activity of the village.
According to community sources living in the village of Tenghilan, the first town in Tenghilan was located Pengkalan (Pengalan) near Kampong Bunga before moving to Tenghilan town.
According to the story, before the villagers begin their journey to Mindahu (to the garden or orchard), they will take the paddy from this paddy storage and return the grain of paddy (they must be peel first) to paddy storage when they return from the garden.
Thus, since the Manggilan tree is very familiar with the people's life there, Kampung Tenghilan was created in the name of the tree.
The plants still exist today, but unfortunately, it is just a stump where most of the stumps are located in the river and heaped up by sand and soil.
After the war, the Tuaran District Office was given assumed responsibility for managing and handling the administration in Tenghilan until now.
Tenghilan town has a facility such as a pedestrian tunnel with a distance of approximately 18 meters for the community use.
The pedestrian tunnel was built more than 20 years ago in Tenghilan town and, easier the community doing things such as marketing of agricultural produce.
The pedestrian tunnel also provides safety for the public to reduce the risk of accidents crossing the main road connecting Kota Kinabalu and Kota Belud.
The mist humidifier with the natural environment is a beautiful place for those friends, visitors, and family recreation and picnic as well.
At the Tamu, produce, seafood, traditional food and drinks, handicrafts and other goods from Tenghilan and the surrounding villages are bought and sold.
Linding Tinggidon Mongigol is the traditional music & dance from ethnic Dusun Tindal in Tenghilan that presented by (Tenghilan Bamboo Sound).
The dialect of Dusun Tenghilan is unique and different (In terms of words, syllables, pronunciation or intonation) compare to those of Tuaran, Tamparuli, Kiulu, and Ranau.
The practice of Mitababang culture must be maintained so it can be continued, by the villagers from the tradition of the ancestors.
They conduct activities for community benefits such as; paddy harvesting, wedding planning & preparations, harvest festival, funeral, and some churches program.
The archery competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines took place at Clark Parade Grounds in Mabalacat, Philippines from 5 to 9 December 2019.
The Dynasty is a professional wrestling stable in Major League Wrestling (MLW), which consists of Alexander Hammerstone, Richard Holliday, Gino Medina and their valet Aria Blake and formerly Maxwell Jacob Friedman.
Hammerstone is the inaugural and current National Openweight Champion in his first reign while MJF and Holliday are former World Tag Team Champions.
The group was formed at MLW's television taping on February 2, 2019, when Holliday attacked Hart Foundation member Teddy Hart after MJF lost a match to Hart.
The duo of MJF and Holliday embarked on a lengthy feud with the Hart Foundation, during which Hammerstone joined the group and the trio gained championship success during the feud as Hammerstone was crowned the inaugural National Openweight Champion by defeating Brian Pillman Jr., while MJF and Holliday defeated Hart Foundation to win the World Tag Team Championship.
MLW newcomer Alexander Hammerstone interfered in the match by attacking Hart and Smith, which led to a disqualification loss for Dynasty and therefore Hammerstone joined the Dynasty, making it a trio.
Dynasty continued its success against the Hart Foundation as Hammerstone defeated Brian Pillman Jr. in the finals of a tournament to become the inaugural National Openweight Champion at Fury Road.
Hammerstone issued an open Star Sprangled Hammer Challenge for his title at Kings of Colosseum, which Kotto Brazil answered and Hammerstone retained the title.
Later that night, Dynasty successfully defended the World Tag Team Championship against the Los Parks (LA Park and El Hijo de LA Park) in the main event.
At MLW's first-ever pay-per-view event Saturday Night SuperFight, Hammerstone retained the National Openweight Championship against Hart Foundation member Davey Boy Smith Jr. while MJF and Holliday lost the World Tag Team Championship to The Von Erichs (Ross and Marshall) in a Texas Tornado match.
On November 14, it was announced that Dynasty members MJF and Alexander Hammerstone would compete against each other in the opening round of the Opera Cup tournament despite protests by Richard Holliday.
The duo met in the opening round on December 5, where Hammerstone defeated MJF to advance to the semi-final, where he lost to the eventual winner Davey Boy Smith Jr. Holliday also entered the tournament, losing to Timothy Thatcher in the opening round.
During the same set of tapings, Gino Medina joined Dynasty by attacking Konnan while Konnan, Salina de la Renta and Dynasty all tried to recruit him.
The 2019–20 Bermudian Premier Division is the 57th season of the Bermudian Premier Division, the highest tier of football in Bermuda.
The song was released as a standalone single on December 6, 2019, along with a music video on the same day.
She wrote the song during Thanksgiving weekend, December 1, 2019, the Sunday before its release, then recorded it the next day with Napes.
The intro starts at a slower more ballad-like tempo and goes through a series of time signatures in , and .
The Christmas tree farm in the song title, on the cover art, and in the video is Pine Ridge Farm located in Cumru Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, a place where Swift grew up as a child before moving to nearby Wyomissing, Pennsylvania and later Hendersonville, Tennessee.
The video, which consists of home videos from Swift's childhood, features Swift, her brother Austin, and her parents Andrea and Scott.
Swift performed the song for the first time on December 8, 2019 as part of her set-list for the 2019 Jingle Bell Ball in London.
They were all found guilty of assaulting police officers and attempted theft in November 1972 and received sentences of two years in prison.
Following an appeal led by John Platts-Mills, QC, their sentences were later reduced to eight months, although the convictions themselves were upheld, and Lord Justice Haymes commented that the reduction did not ameliorate the seriousness of their crimes.
The officer responsible for their arrest, who was also the chief prosecution witness at their subsequent trial—Detective Sergeant Derek Ridgewell—was later tried and convicted for conspiracy of theft from the Royal Mail in 1980, where he received a seven-year sentence but died in Ford Prison two years later.
Following the case's collapse, Ridgwell was transferred to a unit investigating the theft of mail bags; however, he took the opportunity while there to take join forces with thieves who would steal the bags and with whom Ridgewell would split the profits.
The following decades saw a campaign develop for the men's convictions to be examined, which included demonstrations and public meetings at Lambeth Town Hall.
A number of Ridgewell's other cases had recently come before the appeal court, such as that of businessman Stephen Simmons who was also found to have been framed.
Their convictions were quashed on 5 December 2019 by Lord Chief Justice, Lord Burnett, in a judgement given alongside Mrs Justice McGowan and Sir Roderick Evans.
The CCRC supported Trew's and Christie's appeal, although noted that they had not been able to discover the whereabouts of Griffiths or Boucher, whom they believed to have emigrated later that decade.
In late 2018, she got her own emote for the video game PUBG and a music video which has over 1 million views on YouTube.
A Le Mans Hypercar (LMH) is a type of sports prototype race car used as the top class of the FIA World Endurance Championship and the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
Le Mans–Daytona Hypercars were created jointly by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), and the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, as a successor class to the Le Mans Prototype LMP1 class from the 2020–21 season.
Unlike its predecessor class, where bespoke Prototypes were created to race in the category, cars entered in the Le Mans–Daytona Hypercar class can either be race-ready versions of existing hypercars, or specially designed prototypes, with hybrid power being optional for manufacturers.
Following the successive exits of Audi and Porsche from the FIA World Endurance Championship at the end of the 2016 and 2017 seasons, due to the fallout of the Volkswagen emissions scandal at the parent company of both automobile manufacturers, as well as spiralling costs in the LMP1-Hybrid Category, the ACO began a series of discussions aimed at reducing the costs of competition for the next generation LMP1 rules.
Initially, a single, low-power hybrid system had been positioned for what had originally been planned as the new-generation LMP1 rules, with plans for shared platform with IMSA, with representatives from the three organizations, as well as current and prospective manufacturers, being involved in talks for the proposed regulations, which would debut in the 2020-21 World Endurance Championship season.
In June 2018, ahead of the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans, the FIA first confirmed that the new set of top-level prototype regulations would feature design concepts based on hypercars when implemented, with a summary of the new technical regs, being presented to the FIA World Motor Sport Council in Manila.
At the time, Toyota, Ford, McLaren, Aston Martin and Ferrari, were revealed to have been in roundtable meetings with the championship organisers for the new regulations, with a significantly reduced targeted full-season budget in the region of 25 million Euros, which would be 75% lower than existing budgets used by manufacturer teams.
At the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans, the initial details of the new top class for the FIA World Endurance Championship, were announced at the ACO’s annual press conference, with the regulations set to be active for 5 seasons.
Numerous aspects of the design for the new class would be kept open, with a free engine architecture and the freedom to run any number of cylinders with the choice of a turbocharged or naturally-aspirated design.
The cars would have an overall weight of 980kg while weight distribution would be controlled, alongside a defined maximum fuel flow, with controlled efficiency and other regulations to control developmental costs.
Hybrid systems would feature an electric motor, mounted on the front axle with a fixed performance of 200 kW, giving the cars a four-wheel-drive layout, while the engine’s maximum performance target would be set at .
Each car will have two seats, a bigger cockpit than the current LMP1 machines, a wider windscreen and a roofline more consistent with road cars.
Manufacturers required to make their hybrid systems available for privateer teams to lease at a cost cap, while any manufacturer or company would be able to design and build its own hybrid system, which would undergo homologation by the FIA and ACO.
On 25 July 2018, Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus became the first manufacturer to officially indicate its participation in the new rules, with the manufacturer releasing images of a prototype that it planned to race in the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
The manufacturer would offer a limited run of 25 road legal versions and one race version to fund its Le Mans program.
By the end of the 2018 year, apart from Glickenhaus, no other manufacturer had committed to the new regulations, with concerns being raised by several manufacturers about the tight timelines involved, which would leave manufacturers intending to commit from the first season of competition with less than two years to design and build new cars, upon gaining company board approval.
On October 21 2018, McLaren announced that it would not participate in the first year of the category due to the tight timelines involved, and the relatively fluid state of the regulations at the point in time.
It was also decided that a minimum of 25 road cars fitted with the combustion engine and energy recovery system (ERS) of the racing car would have to be produced by the end of a manufacturer’s first season, with that amount rising to 100 by the end of its second season.
The regulations called for a total maximum power output of roughly 950 horsepower (708 kW) drawn from the combustion and electric hybrid system, lower than the initial figure presented in June, with the maximum output of the combustion engine now at 508 kW rather than 520, although the 200 kW electric unit power output remains the same.
In addition, Diesel power would be banned, with a 3 million Euro ($3.4 million US) cost cap on the supply of ERS systems from manufacturers to customer teams was announced, while it was also announced that an ERS manufacturer would be prohibited from supplying a system to more than three competitors, without the formal approval of the FIA.
The minimum weight of the new-generation cars will be raised from the initially-stated 980 kg to 1040 kg, with the maximum length being 5000mm, while maximum cockpit width would also increase to 2000mm.
On March 7 2019, it was announced that the FIA World Endurance Championship would adjust its criteria for the new prototype regulations, with manufacturers now being permitted to enter race cars based from road-going hypercars.
This was done, after several manufacturers expressed interest in a closer alignment between their production and race activities, citing both budgetary, and platform availability concerns.
Subsequently, the target lap time of the new cars was increased from 3:20 to 3:30, while movable aerodynamic devices, which was originally planned to be allowed under the new regulation set was removed, due to cost concerns.
The frontal surface area of the car may not be below 1.6 m², while as viewed from above, from the side, and from the front the bodywork must not allow mechanical components to be seen, unless explicitly authorised by the present regulations, or if respecting the original car design.
For Production based engines, the cylinder block and head castings must come from the base engine, and the crankshaft may only be a maximum of 10% lighter, while valve angles, number and location of camshafts must also remain original, as they are fitted on the original engine.
Ro-60 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
Modern pentathlon competitions made their debut at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines and were held at the Subic Bay Boardwalk.
After the expedition the ship was sold to Germany as a training ship, first owned and operated by Deutsche Schulschiff-Verein and 1973 by the German Clipper association.
It was designed according to his instructions, which were based on his experience with fishing from schooners in the waters off Alaska.
Lauritzen at the time had seven ships occupied with shipping ore from the newly opened lead and zinc mine in Mestersvig.
The ship was trapped by the ice for the entire summer and forced to overwinter with only three crew members on board.
After the return to Copenhagen Lauritzen offered the ship at the disposal of University of Copenhagen for an expedition to the tropical western Pacific Ocean.
The goal of the expedition was the western Pacific Ocean, more specifically the many islands in the Solomon Sea and Bismarck Sea.
In October 1961 the expedition suffered a loss on Tawitawi, as the ornithologist and taxidermist Erik Petersen died from an allergic reaction to an insect bite.
This caused concern among the remaining participants of the expedition and several members announced that they would leave, unless the expedition was joined by a medical doctor.
Lorenz Ferdinand was chosen — not only was he a medical doctor with experience from the Galathea expedition, but also a highly esteemed ornithologist.
In 2000 it was bought by Verein Clipper, which continues to operate the ship as training ship for young people on cruises mainly in the Baltic Sea.
Fauji Calling is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Aaryaan Saxena, based on the families of the brave martyrs, who lost their lives in the Phulwama attack, featuring Sharman Joshi, Vikram Singh (Ranjha), Bidita Bag, Mahi Soni, Mugdha Godse, Zarina Wahab, Shishir Sharma.
Ro-62 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
She became the secretary of this organisation in 1914 In 1916 they employed Mary Phillips who was another ex-WSPU member (amongst others).
None of the organisation's papers have survived, but the diary of the organisation's secretary Kate Frye was discovered and the relevant sections have been edited and published.
John T. Polhemus (11 September 1929 Ames, Iowa – 21 May 2013 Englewood, Colorado) was an American entomologist specialising in semi-aquatic Heteroptera.
Sambo competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were held at the AUF Gymnasium, Angeles, Central Luzon, Philippines between 5 and 6 December 2019.
The 2020 Munster Senior Hurling League was the fifth staging of the Munster Senior Hurling League since its establishment by the Munster Council in 2016.
On 11 January 2020, Limerick won the Munster League after a 1-32 to 0-20 defeat of Cork in the final at the LIT Gaelic Grounds.
Each team plays the other teams in their group once, earning 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw.
If the final is a draw, a penalty shoot-out is used to decide the winner; there is no extra time played.
UFC Fight Night: Lee vs. Oliveira (also known as UFC Fight Night 170 and UFC on ESPN+ 28) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on March 14, 2020 at Ginásio Nilson Nelson in Brasília, Brazil.
A lightweight bout between former interim lightweight title challenger Kevin Lee and Charles Oliveira has been slated to serve as the event headliner.
VanZant requested to reschedule the bout one month later but Ribas decided to remain at the event and Randa Markos stepped in as the replacement.
Transmission is due to bees taking care of larvae, other bees entering the colony to steal, bees entering the wrong nest through a source of flowers, or through beekeepers' activities (changing bridges, importing herds, etc).
Bailey in 1981 claimed that the liquid in a killed larva containing 1 mg of virus can infect all worker larvae of 1,000 healthy bees.
At the pointed tip of the diseased larva protruding between the nest holes, the tip of the larvae tilts towards the abdomen.
The best preventative measures are hygiene of means, transporting tools and beekeeping tools when trading, importing, and transporting bees and products, as well as inspecting and interacting with bees; when importing the breeds, choose healthy, clean and clear herds.
Biological techniques such as replacing the sick lord with a royal cap or silk thread, confining the herd for 8-10 days, removing bridges so that the bees thicken the remaining bridges, feeding 5-6 nights in a row to transfer to a new and better source of flowers and isolation from other bee farms and merging the weakening herd.
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 30th Southeast Asian Games, were held in the Philippines, from 30 November 2019 to 11 December 2019.
This theorem can be used as a probabilistic test of primality, by checking for many random choices of formula_8 whether formula_11 If this fails to hold for several random formula_8, then it is very likely that the number formula_7 is composite.
The project Seventeen or Bust, searching for Proth primes with a certain formula_22 to prove that 78557 is the smallest Sierpinski number (Sierpinski problem), has found 11 large Proth primes by 2007, of which 5 are megaprimes.
As Proth primes have simple binary representations, they have also been used in fast modular reduction without the need for pre-computation, for example by Microsoft.
Having more than four decades of experience in photography, Sanders is one of the most renowned and respected Muslim photographers in the world.
Born in London, Sanders began his career in photography in the mid-1960s, where he often recorded the faces of well-known musicians including Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison and The Rolling Stones.
The same year, Sanders was given a unique opportunity to record the warmth of the world's largest worship gathering in Mecca during the Hajj season.
Sanders travelled around the world to meet and capture the images of saints and sages of Islam which he has later published in a book titled 'Meetings with Mountains'.
Ashang Khullen is flanked by Chongdan Village in the west, Nambashi in the south, Punge and Sorde in the east and Kangoi in the north.
The average sex ratio of the village is 922 female to 1000 male which is lower than Manipur state average of 985.
In the run up to the 11 Manipur Assembly Constituency 2017, a school teacher on election duty died in a bomblast near Ashang Khullen.
2010s political history refers to significant political and societal historical events of the 2010s, presented as a historical overview in narrative format.
On April 25, 2015, the incumbent President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, announced he would run for a third term in the 2015 presidential election.
On May 13, 2015, a coup d'etat was announced, led by Major General Godefroid Niyombare, while President Nkurunziza was in Tanzania attending an emergency conference about the situation in the country.
At least 240 people were killed over the next few months, and on December 11, 87 people were killed in attacks on state targets.
Nkurunziza had led a Hutu rebel group against the then Tutsi-dominated army during the civil war that followed the killing of Hutu President Melchior Ndadaye in 1993.
The Anglophone Crisis (French: Crise anglophone), is a conflict in the Southern Cameroons region of Cameroon, part of the long-standing Anglophone problem pitting English-speakers against French-speakers; English-speakers make up about one-fifth of the population.
In September 2017, separatists in the Anglophone territories of Northwest Region and Southwest Region declared the independence of Ambazonia and began fighting against the Government of Cameroon.
As of the summer of 2019, the government controls the major cities and parts of the countryside, while the separatists hold parts of the countryside and regularly appear in the major cities.
Although 2019 has seen the first known instance of dialogue between Cameroon and the separatists, as well as a major national dialogue, the war continues to escalate.
The Batwa–Luba clashes is a series of ongoing clashes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between the Batwa people and the Luba people starting in 2013.
It is an ongoing rebellion instigated by the Kamwina Nsapu militia in the provinces of Kasaï-Central, Kasaï, Kasai-Oriental, Lomami, and Sankuru.
The protesters' grievances focused on legal and political issues, including police brutality, state-of-emergency laws, lack of political freedom, civil liberty, freedom of speech, corruption, high unemployment, food-price inflation, and low wages.
In February 2011 Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that had Mubarak resigned as president, turning power over to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF).
The military junta, headed by Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, announced on February 13 that the constitution was suspended, both houses of parliament dissolved, and the military would govern until elections could be held.
The Muslim Brotherhood took power in Egypt through a series of popular elections, with Egyptians electing Islamist Mohamed Morsi to the presidency in June 2012.
However, the Morsi government encountered fierce opposition after his attempt to pass an Islamic-leaning constitution, and mass protests broke out against his rule in late June 2013, and on July 3, 2013, Morsi was deposed by a coup d'état led by the minister of defense, General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.
On January 16, 2012, several insurgent groups began fighting a campaign against the Malian government for independence or greater autonomy for northern Mali, an area of northern Mali they called Azawad.
The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), an organization fighting to make this area of Mali an independent homeland for the Tuareg people, had taken control of the region by April 2012.
After the Malian military was driven from northern Mali, Ansar Dine and a number of smaller Islamist groups began imposing strict Sharia law, and the Tuareg group broke away from them.
French Armed Forces and members of the African Union helped the government regain control of the area, and a peace agreement was signed in February 2015.
The insurgency is widely considered to be an aftershock of the Mozambican Civil War; it resulted in renewed tensions between RENAMO and Mozambique's ruling FRELIMO coalition over charges of state corruption and the disputed results of 2014 general elections.
One hundred thousand people face starvation, and nearly 5 million face severe food shortages; the government declared a famine in 2017.
The African Union deployed a 12,000 member peace force including soldiers from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, and Uganda, over the objections of President Salva Kiir.
Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea affects a number of countries in West Africa, including Benin, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo as well as the wider international community.
In 2012, the International Maritime Bureau and other agencies reported that the number of vessels attacks by West African pirates had reached a world high, with 966 seafarers attacked and five killed during the year.
Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, Somali Sea, in Somali territorial waters and other areas.
It was initially a threat to international fishing vessels, expanding to international shipping since the second phase of the Somali Civil War, around 2000.
By December 2013, the US Office of Naval Intelligence reported that only nine vessels had been attacked during the year by the pirates, with no successful hijackings.
In March 2017, it was reported that pirates had seized an oil tanker that had set sail from Djibouti and was headed to Mogadishu.
The ship and its crew were released with no ransom given after the pirate crew learned that the ship had been hired by Somali businessmen.
The most prominent terrorist groups that are creating a terror impact in Africa include Boko Haram of Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger, and Al-Shabaab of Somalia.
One of the better-known examples of Boko Haram’s terror tactics was the 2014 Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls in Borno State, Nigeria.
Somalia’s al-Shabaab and its Islamic extremism can be traced back to the mid-1970s when the group began as an underground movement opposing the repressive and corrupt regime of Siad Barre.
Armed conflict between al-Shabaab and the Somali army — including associated human rights violations — has resulted in slightly over 68 million human displacements.
Among their best-known attacks are the Westgate shopping mall attack in Nairobi, Kenya, in September 2013 (resulting in 71 deaths and 200 injured) and the 14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings that killed 587 and injured 316.
On September 1, 2014, a U.S. drone strike carried out as part of the broader mission killed al-Shabaab leader Ahmed Abdi Godane.
The Insurgency in the Maghreb refers to Islamist militant and terrorist activity in northern Africa since 2002, including Algeria, Mauritania, Tunisia, Morocco, Niger, Mali, Ivory Coast, Libya, Western Sahara, and Burkina Faso, as well as having ties to Boko Haram in Nigeria.
The conflict followed the conclusion of the Algerian Civil War as a militant group became al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).
In addition to African units, the fight against the insurgency has been led primarily by the French Foreign Legion, although the U.S. also has over 1,300 troops in the region.
Most of these victims are middle-income or lower, and they depend on public health sources for treatment, but many medicines are unavailable due to cost, availability, and/or other factors such as transportation.
South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia have made progress in local pharmaceutical productions; Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania are currently developing production capacity.
Xi Jinping succeeded Hu Jintao as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and became the paramount leader of China in November 2012.
In foreign policy, China became more aggressive with its actions in the South China Sea dispute, by building artificial islands and militarizing existing reefs, beginning in 2012.
Another key part of its foreign policy has been the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a strategy adopted by China involving infrastructure development and investments in countries and organizations in Asia, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the Americas.
China has signed cooperational documents on the belt and road initiative with 126 countries and 29 international organisations, where various efforts then went ahead on infrastructure.
The 2019 Hong Kong protests, also known as the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) movement, is an ongoing series of demonstrations in Hong Kong triggered by the introduction of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill by the Hong Kong government.
If enacted, the bill would have empowered local authorities to detain and extradite criminal fugitives who are wanted in territories with which Hong Kong does not currently have extradition agreements, including Taiwan and mainland China.
Taking advantage of the UPA's growing unpopularity, The Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) led by former Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi swept the polls in the 2014 general elections.
Riding high on the wave of nationalism in the wake of attacks claimed by Indian authorities to have been orchestrated by Pakistan the Modi government relied heavily on anti-Pakistan rhetoric in successive elections.
In 2016, a hard line Hindu monk associated with the BJP was elected chief minister of India's largest state who in turn pursued a policy of changing names of places with Muslim names to Hindu ones.
The Indian government, during this time also massively increased its defense budget and enhanced defense ties with the United States and Israel.
Critics of the Modi government continued to level criticism at him for polarizing minorities, especially Muslims and changing the fabric of the Indian state by relentlessly pursuing the Hindutva ideology.
In its second term in power, the BJP led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) became even more ideological in its pursuit of the Hindutva agenda.
On August 5, 2019, the newly elected Indian government under a presidential order revoked Article 370 of the Indian constitution, thereby terminating the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and placed it under curfew.
Later that year, the Supreme Court also delivered a verdict on the controversial Ram janam bhoomi case which called for a temple to be built on the disputed site while granting land to the Sunni Waqf Board for the establishment of a mosque elsewhere.
Starting in 2010, Arab Spring led to major political upheaval across the region, leading to the violent repression of the Arab Winter.
The 2019 Iranian protests are a series of civil protests occurring in multiple cities across Iran, initially from the 200% increase in fuel prices but later extended to an outcry against the current government in Iran and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
The protests commenced in the evening of 15 November and within hours spread to 21 cities as videos of the protest began to circulate online.
The Iranian government employed lethal tactics in order to shut down the protests including a nationwide internet shutdown, shooting protesters dead from rooftops, helicopters, and at close range with machine gun fire.
The government crack down prompted a violent reaction from protesters who destroyed 731 government banks including Iran's central bank, nine Islamic religious centers, tore down anti-American billboards, and posters and statues of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
This series of protests have been categorized as the most violent and severe since the rise of Iran's Islamic Republic in 1979.
In order to block the sharing of information regarding the protests and the deaths of hundreds of protesters on social media platforms, the government blocked the Internet nationwide, resulting in a near-total internet blackout of around six days.
The 2019 Iraqi protests, also nicknamed the Tishreen Revolution and 2019 Iraqi Intifada, are an ongoing series of protests that consisted of demonstrations, marches, sit-ins and civil disobedience.
They started on 1October 2019, a date which was set by civil activists on social media, spreading over the central and southern provinces of Iraq, to protest 16 years of corruption, unemployment and inefficient public services, before they escalated into calls to overthrow the administration and to stop Iranian intervention in Iraq.
According to the BBC, they call for the end of the political system which has existed since the US-led invasion ousted Saddam Hussein and has been marked by sectarian divides.
Under his watch, the Jewish settlement movement has grown and gained influence, with atleast 2,000 new homes built on the Palestinian territories each year, leading to a declining possibility for a two-state solution in the Arab–Israeli conflict.
In 2014, there was a war in Gaza over Hamas rocket firings into Israeli cities, with a final death toll of 2,100 Palestinians and 73 Israeli citizens.
In foreign policy, Israel continued the proxy conflict against Iran, with Israeli involvement in the Syrian Civil War and 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq.
Both the April and September 2019 elections failed to produce a majority in the Knesset for either Netanyehu, or his challenger, Benny Gantz, a former general.
In November, Netanyehu became the first sitting Israeli leader to be criminally prosecuted, with charges of bribery, fraud and breach of trust spanning several cases.
The 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria is a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the Syrian National Army (SNA) against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and later the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) in northeastern Syria.
On 6 October 2019, the Trump administration ordered American troops to withdraw from northeastern Syria, where the United States had been supporting its Kurdish allies.
The conflict resulted in the displacement of over 300,000 people and has caused the death of more than 70 civilians in Syria and 20 civilians in Turkey.
The Syrian government initially criticized the Kurdish forces for the Turkish offensive, for their separatism and not reconciling with the government, while at the same time also condemning the foreign invasion in Syrian territory.
However, a few days later, the SDF reached an agreement with the Syrian government, in which it would allow the Syrian Army to enter the SDF-held towns of Manbij and Kobanî in an attempt to defend the towns from the Turkish offensive.
On 22 October 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan reached a deal to extend the ceasefire by 150 additional hours for SDF to move 30 kilometers away from the border area as well as from Tal Rifaat and Manbij.
The terms of the deal also included joint Russian–Turkish patrols 10 kilometers into Syria from the border except in the city of Qamishli.
As announced by Russia's Ministry of Defense on 15 October, Russian forces have started to patrol the region along the line of contact between Turkish and Syrian forces, indicating that Russia is filling the security vacuum from the sudden US withdrawal.
Alexander Lavrentiev, Russia's special envoy on Syria, warned that the Turkish offensive into Syria is unacceptable and stated that Russia is seeking to prevent conflict between Turkish and Syrian troops.
Ten European nations and Canada imposed an arms embargo on Turkey, while the U.S. imposed sanctions on Turkish ministries and senior government officials in response to the offensive in Syria.
Additionally, Syrian Kurdish officials have had some positive discussions with the Assad government, and with local countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE and Jordan.
The first agreement between SDF and the Assad regime occurred in October 2019, directly as a result of the Turkish incursion.
This led to extensive purges within the Turkish state in an effort to remove anti-Erdogan elements, claimed by the government to be connected to the preacher Fethullah Gülen and his Gülen movement.
The Saudi-led intervention in Yemen, is an intervention launched by Saudi Arabia in 2015, leading a coalition of nine countries from West Asia and Africa, in response to calls from the internationally recognized pro-Saudi president of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support after he was ousted by the Houthi movement due to economic and political grievances, and fled to Saudi Arabia.
The intervention initially consisted of a bombing campaign on Houthi rebels and later saw a naval blockade and the deployment of ground forces into Yemen.
The Saudi-led coalition has attacked the positions of the Houthi militia, and loyalists of the former President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh, allegedly supported by Iran (see Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict).
Fighter jets and ground forces from Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Academi (formerly Blackwater) took part in the operation.
The US and Britain have deployed their military personnel in the command and control centre responsible for Saudi-led air strikes on Yemen, having access to lists of targets.
The US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy stated that US support was limited to side-by-side coaching to mitigate civilian casualties and if the measure had passed it would do nothing to help the people of Yemen and may only increase civilian deaths.
Mulroy supported the United Nation's peace talks and he pushed the international community to come together and chart a comprehensive way ahead for Yemen.
In December 2019, the EU announced that banking ministers from EU member nations had failed to reach agreement over proposed banking reforms and systemic change.
The 2017 French presidential election caused a radical shift in French politics, as the prevailing parties of The Republicans and Socialists failed to make it to the second round of voting, with far-right Marine Le Pen and political newcomer Emmanuel Macron instead facing each other.
The 2013 Italian general election led to a major change in the country's political landscape, as the traditional center-right and center-left parties were challenged by the new Five Star Movement, a populist party led by comedian Beppe Grillo.
After the 2018 Italian general election, a coalition government was formed between the Lega Nord and Five Star Movement, becoming the first fully populist government in Western Europe.
Under Putin, Russia engaged in a more aggressive foreign policy, with the 2014 Annexation of Crimea and intervention in Ukraine following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the 2015 intervention in the Syrian Civil War, and interference in the 2016 United States elections.
Following a hung parliament in the 2010 United Kingdom general election, the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats formed the first coalition government in the country's history since World War II.
After the Conservatives were returned to power with a majority in the 2015 general election, a referendum was called on leaving the European Union, which led to the beginning of the process of UK withdrawal from the EU.
In 2015, the Labour Party elected as its leader Jeremy Corbyn, who was considered the most left-wing leader of the party since Michael Foot (1980-83).
Following pressure from the US President Donald Trump, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was superseded by the new United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA).
Felipe Calderón Hinojosa became the 56th president of Mexico (and the second from the conservative National Action Party) after a controversial election in 2006.
Mexico was not hit nearly as hard as the United States, and immigration to the United States greatly declined during the last few years of Calderon’s presidency.
Mexico became the country with the eleventh-largest GDP in the world, the seventh-largest automobile manufacturer, the eighth-largest oil exporter, and a major manufacturer of electronics.
Calderon’s drug war, which cost 47,000 lives during the last two years of his presidency (the balance), became the most important issue during the 2012 Mexican general election.
The election was won by the former Governor of the State of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the political party that had dominated Mexican politics during most of the 20th century.
Peña Nieto encouraged foreign investment, particularly in the automotive industry, and for the first time since President Lazaro Cardenas nationalized the oil industry in 1938, in the energy industry.
President Peña was elected with by a slim plurality in 2012 with just under 39% of the vote, but by the time he left office in 2018 he had an 18% approval and a 77% disapproval rating, making him one of the least popular presidents in Mexican history.
Even before his inauguration in December 2018, Lopez Obrador held a referendum on canceling construction of the USD $13 billion airport in Texcoco, State of Mexico and instead building one at the Santa Lucia Air Force base in Zumpango, State of Mexico.
Nearly 70% of the voters who participated voted in favor of the Santa Lucia site, although it represented only 1% of eligible voters.
Construction of the new airport at the Santa Lucia site began in October 2019 and is scheduled to open in March 2022.
This set off gasoline shortages in several states, and the Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion of January 18, 2019, killed 137 in the state of Hidalgo.
It was reported that 2019 was the most violent year in Mexican history, with 29,574 homicides and femicides registered during the first ten months of the year.
AMLO has run an austere government, cracking down on corruption, reducing government salaries (including his own), and selling off properties seized during drug raids as well as government vehicles, including the presidential plane.
In foreign policy, Mexican-American relations have been strained by the immigration, tariffs, and the failure of the U.S. Congress to ratify the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.
In another foreign policy move, Mexico granted former Bolivian president Evo Morales political asylum after the coup d’etat in that country.
The most important action of Obama's first 100 days was the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) to address the Great Recession.
Originally intended to be a bipartisan bill, Congressional passage of the bill relied largely on Democratic votes, though three Republican Senators did vote for it.
The lack of Republican support for the bill, and the inability of Democrats to win that support, foreshadowed the gridlock and partisanship that continued throughout Obama's presidency.
Risky practices among the major financial institutions on Wall Street were widely seen as contributing to the subprime mortgage crisis, the financial crisis of 2007–08, and the subsequent Great Recession, so Obama made Wall Street reform a priority in his first term.
On July 21, 2010, Obama signed the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the largest financial regulatory overhaul since the New Deal.
The act increased regulation and reporting requirements on derivatives (particularly credit default swaps), and took steps to limit systemic risks to the US economy with policies such as higher capital requirements, the creation of the Orderly Liquidation Authority to help wind down large, failing financial institutions, and the creation of the Financial Stability Oversight Council to monitor systemic risks.
Some liberals were disappointed that the law did not break up the country's largest banks or reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act, while many conservatives criticized the bill as a government overreach that could make the country less competitive.
Under the bill, the Federal Reserve and other regulatory agencies were required to propose and implement several new regulatory rules, and battles over these rules continued throughout Obama's presidency.
Obama called for further Wall Street reform after the passage of Dodd-Frank, saying that banks should have a smaller role in the economy and less incentive to make risky trades.
The federal government prohibited the utilization of Huawei equipment for 5G networks due security concerns, and encouraged its allies to also do so as well.
The US government imposed strict controls on US companies as to their ability to do business with Huawei, thus disrupting sales of Huawei phones overseas.
An editorial in the scientific magazine Scientific American emphasized that complete scientific research regarding its effects have not been conducted and that there could be health risks.
Huawei submitted a petition in the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit against the FCC's decision to prohibit rural U.S. network providers from using equipment from the China-based vendor due to national security concerns, asking that the recent FCC order be overturned.
Donald Trump was elected the president in 2016, losing the popular vote to Hillary Clinton, but winning through the electoral college.
In October, three full Congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses including Ukraine ambassador Bill Taylor, Laura Cooper (the top Pentagon official overseeing Ukraine-related U.S. policy), former White House official Fiona Hill,and at least six additional White House officials.
Witnesses testified that Trump wanted Zelensky to publicly announce investigations into the Bidens and Burisma and that Ukraine was pressured to release evidence that its government had interfered in the 2016 U.S. election.
On October 8, in a letter from Counsel Pat Cipollone to Speaker Pelosi, the White House officially responded that it would not cooperate with the investigation due to concerns including that there had not yet been a vote of the full House and that interviews of witnesses were being conducted behind closed doors.
In Argentina the Peronist president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was replaced by the conservative-liberal Mauricio Macri in 2015; in Brazil, Dilma Rousseff's impeachment resulted in the rise of her Vice President Michel Temer to power in 2016; in Chile the conservative Sebastián Piñera followed the socialist Michelle Bachelet in 2017; and in 2018 the far-right congressman Jair Bolsonaro became 38th President of Brazil.
Starting on 21 October 2019, protests and marches have been occurring in Bolivia in response to claims of electoral fraud in the 2019 general election of 20 October 2019 and, subsequently, to Jeanine Áñez declaring herself the acting president of Bolivia.
The claims of fraud were made after the suspension of the preliminary vote count, in which incumbent Evo Morales was not leading by a large enough margin (10%) to avoid a runoff, and the subsequent publication of the official count, in which Morales won by over 10%.
Morales denied the allegations and invited foreign governments to audit the electoral processes, promising to hold a runoff if any fraud was found.
Subsequently, an audit team from the Organization of American States, with access provided by Bolivian authorities, worked to verify the integrity and reliability of the results.
Morales announced the government would hold another election; however, the police and army demanded Morales's resignation on 10 November, which he offered shortly thereafter.
Following his resignation and the resignation of other senior MAS politicians, some citing fears for the safety of their families, Jeanine Áñez declared herself interim president and formed an interim government.
The 2019 Chilean protests are ongoing civil protests throughout Chile in response to a raise in the Santiago Metro's subway fare, the increased cost of living, privatisation and inequality prevalent in the country.
On 18 October, the situation escalated as organized bands of protesters began vandalizing city's infrastructure; seizing, vandalizing, and burning down many stations of the Santiago Metro network and disabling them with extensive infrastructure damage, and for a time causing the cessation the network in its entirety.
The state of emergency was extended to the Concepción Province, all Valparaíso Region (except Easter Island and Juan Fernández Archipelago) and the cities of Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Iquique, La Serena, Rancagua, Valdivia, Osorno, and Puerto Montt.
On 25 October, over a million people took to the streets throughout Chile to protest against President Piñera, demanding his resignation.
On 28 October, President Piñera changed eight ministries of his cabinet in response to the unrest, dismissing his Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick.
On November 15, most of the political parties represented in the National Congress signed an agreement to call a national referendum in April 2020 regarding the creation of a new constitution.
In 2016, the world's longest running war was borught to an end when the Government of Colombia and the rebel group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia signed a peace deal officially ending the Colombian conflict.
A crisis concerning who is the legitimate President of Venezuela has been underway since 10 January 2019, with the nation and the world divided in support for Nicolás Maduro or Juan Guaidó.
Internationally, support has followed traditional geopolitical lines, with allies China, Cuba, Iran, Russia, Syria, and Turkey supporting Maduro; and the US, Canada, and most of Western Europe supporting Guaidó as acting President.
As of late 2019, efforts led by Guaidó to create a transitional government have been described as unsuccessful by various analysts and media networks, with Maduro still controlling Venezuela's state functions.
Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.
In December 2019, the EU announced that banking ministers from EU member nations had failed to reach agreement over proposed banking reforms and systemic change.
In the first half of 2019, global debt levels reached a record high of $250 trillion, led by the US and China.
In December 2019, various US officials said a trade deal was likely before a proposed round of new tariffs took effect on December 15, 2019.
The Agreement is the result of a 2017–2018 renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by its member states.
The agreement also provides updated intellectual property protections, gives the United States more access to Canada's dairy market, imposes a quota for Canadian and Mexican automotive production, and increases the duty free limit for Canadians who buy U.S. goods online from $20 to $150.
This is a list of seasons played by Fotballklubben Haugesund in Norwegian and European football from their first season in 1994 to the most recent completed season.
Born in Fürth, Carl completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter, and joined both the Social Democratic Party and the Building and Construction Union (IG BSE).
With the encouragement of the union, he studied at the Dortmund Social Academy, and then became the union's full-time managing director for the Regensburg district.
In 1961, Carl was elected as chair of the union's Bavarian region, and in 1968 he was elected to the union's national executive taking the lead on human resources and legal matters.
Under his leadership, the union achieved a national standardisation of construction workers' wages, and the implementation of an early retirement scheme.
He also introduced the first ecological intitatives, and oversaw the integration of the East German Building, Construction and Wood Union into IG BSE.
In 1985, he was elected as president of the International Federation of Building and Wood Workers, the first German to hold the role.
He previously held the position of Chief Directorate of Strategic Planning for the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea and served as commander of the South Korean 1st Fleet..
The seventh most senior daughter of the second Qajar ruler of Iran, Fath-ʿAli Shah, she served as private secretary to her father.
From a Jewish family from Mazandaran, she was first married to Agha Muhammad Khan, uncle of Fath-ʿAli Shah and first of the Qajar rulers.
Ziaʾ al-Saltaneh had four full brothers, Mahmud Mirza, Homayun Mirza, Ahmad-ʿAli Mirza, and Jahanshah Mirza, and one full sister, Sultan Begum.
For example, it is reported that when the Shah wanted to bestow a gift upon one of his harem, Ziaʾ al-Saltaneh would write to the Khazen al-Dowleh (State Treasurer), then Golbadan Baji, one of the wives of Fath-ʿAli, to report the gift, so that it could be properly recorded in the documentation of the treasury.
For example, she was responsible for controlling the gambling funds of the princes - she would give them sums which they would have to pay back with interest.
In addition to these responsibilities, as her father's favourite, she would organise his birthday celebrations, and every year on the occasion Fath-ʿAli would gift her a set of jewels.
She was a highly skilled calligrapher, and produced a number of copies of the Qur'an, as well as other works such as collections of poetry, prayers, and pilgrimage texts.
She also seems to have been a patron of poetry, as the poet Rashha (b. circa 1783) composed poems in her praise.
It is clear that her brothers and other members of the court were aware of her influence with the Shah, and she would often be called upon to intercede for other members of the court.
During the reign of Muhammad Shah, she continued some of her duties associated with the fiscal running of the court, and was one of the few relatives of the new Shah allowed to sit in his presence.
As well as reciting the poetry of others, writing down that composed by her father, and acting as a patron, Ziaʾ al-Saltaneh also composed her own verses.
Her poetry was recorded by her brother Mahmud Mirza in his anthology of women poets, compiled in 1825, at the behest of Ziaʾ al-Saltaneh herself.
This was said to have been a plot formed with Ḥaji Mirza ʿAbbas Aqasi to ruin Mirza ʿAbbas Nuri financially, but it has been noted that there is not sufficient evidence to support this claim.
While there she corresponded with a number of clerics, including Aqa Seyyed Mehdi, the son of Aqa Seyyed ʿAli Tabatabai, and Shaykh Muhammad Husayn Saheb-e Fosul, with proposals of marriage, but she was refused a number of times.
At the age of 37, in 1835, Muhammad Shah insisted, on pain of execution, that she agree to marry Mirza Masʿud (1790-1848), then Minister of Foreign Affairs.
She was buried in one of the rooms of her house there, which is now incorporated into the shrine of Imam Husayn.
Desmond Bane (born June 25, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the TCU Horned Frogs of the Big 12 Conference.
After he was born, Bane, his mother, Marissa, and his sister often moved around, living with relatives because his mother was young and not prepared for the demands of parenting.
When he was two years old, he started living with his great-grandparents, who raised him in Richmond, Indiana for the rest of his childhood.
Bane focused on baseball until eighth grade, with his great-grandfather coaching at the youth level, and also played football and soccer.
He was drawn to the school because it appointed Josh Jurgens, who coached him in third grade, as head basketball coach during his eighth-grade season.
Bane scored 1,991 points over his four-year career, surpassing 1988 Indiana Mr. Basketball winner Woody Austin for the most in Wayne County history.
He did not receive an NCAA Division I offer until his senior season, when Furman offered him at the end of November early signing period.
He had 16 points including three free throws with two seconds remaining to help TCU defeat first-ranked Kansas, 85-82, in the quarterfinals of the Phillips 66 Big 12 Championship.
As a sophomore, Bane averaged 12.5 points and 4.1 rebounds per game, and his 47.2% 3-point percentage led the Big 12.
In the NCAA Tournament, Bane had five points, four rebounds, four assists, a steal and a block in the first round loss to Syracuse.
He had a career-high 34 points in the team's regular-season finale against Texas and scored 30 points versus Nebraska in the second round of the NIT.
Bane averaged 15.2 points per game to lead the team, 5.7 rebounds per game, and shot 42.5% from behind the arc.
There Was a Light: The Cosmic History of Chris Bell and the Rise of Big Star is a book by Rich Tupica, a Michigan-based journalist.
It chronicles the life of the late Chris Bell and his band, Big Star, from his childhood in 1950s Memphis through his posthumous releases of 2017 and 2018.
The 400-page book details the life of Chris Bell, best known as the founder of Big Star, the legendary and influential power pop band.
Though he writes very little as an author, except a few explanatory notes to create the context, his five years of labor on this volume yielded interviews and archival quotes from dozens of people, requiring four pages to list them all at the end.
Since 1997 he has held lectureships and guest professorships at University of Applied Arts Vienna, University of the Arts Bern, F+F School for Art and Media Design Zurich, Mozarteum University Salzburg and University of Innsbruck.
Processes and materials are used both as carriers of meaning and narrations and in the form of materials, and ultimately become agents in art.
Essential aspects are the interplay of linguistic, visual and molecular-processual elements, the detection of latent links between facts and fictions as well as the entanglement between art and science.
At the border between nature, art and science, Feuerstein's works set in motion pataphysical cycles of the production of meaning and possibilities.
In contrast to historical pataphysics, machines, apparatuses and scientific methods are not only attributed metaphorical and symbolic meanings, but used for real processes.
Examples of this are metabolic processes in which artistic materials are produced, altered or digested in the form of objects and sculptures.
References to aspects of entropy in Robert Smithson's work or to Robert Morris' form and anti-form can be found in works with biofilms, slime, fungi, and myxomycetes.
For this purpose, he evolves a cybernetic demonology that, based on the Greek daimon, investigates cultural informatization from the Maxwell demon through server processes to big data and AI.
In Trivandrum he had a Hindu avatar marry him to a rubber tree, to which his own genes were later added by means gene gun.
From the end of the 1990s, works and exhibitions with biological model organisms, own body cells, fungi and algae, bacteria and archaea followed.
She is also the president of Tennessee Young Democrats, a member of The National Organization of Black Elected Legislative Women (NOBEL Women), and a member of National Black Caucus of State Legislators.
She was honored Memphis Flyer Top 20 under 30 Class of 2015 and Memphis Top 40 under 40 Class of 2017.
Lamar serves as a member of the Local Committee, the Cities & Counties Subcommittee, the Transportation Committee, and Safety & Funding Subcommittee.
Journey of Water is a garden featuring interactive fountains and other water features leading from the current Innoventions plaza (replacing much of Innoventions west) down to The Seas with Nemo & Friends.
Anchored by a massive topiary of Tefiti, Journey of Water serves as whimsical exploration of the water cycle and how it sustains our world.
He refused to join the Hitler Youth, and so was barred from his planned career in financial administration, instead becoming a clerk at a chemical company.
From 1947, he worked full-time as a union organiser in Hanover, which also happened to be the headquarters to the co-ordination of the various zonal unions in the chemical industry.
In 1969, Hauenschild was elected as president of IG Chemie, in which role he took the union to the right-wing of the union movement.
A strong supporter of social partnership, he was criticised for conducting secretive negotiations with employers, and leading a top-down style of organisation.
Lynch grew up in Round Rock, Texas and attended Round Rock High School, playing defensive line and punter on the school's football team.
As a senior, Lynch recorded 46 tackles, 14 tackles for loss, 8 sacks, 3 pass breakups, 3 fumbles recoveries and a forced fumble and punted 27 times for an average of 43.7 yards.
As a sophomore, he lead the team with 5.5 sacks and nine tackles for loss and was named first team All-Big 12 by the Associated Press and to the second team by the league's coaches.
Lynch was named first team All-Big 12, the Big 12 Defensive Lineman of the Year, the conference Defensive Player of the Year and was a unanimous All-America selection after finishing the regular season with 41 tackles, 19.5 tackles for loss and a conference-high 13.5 sacks along with three forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, five passes defended and two blocked kicks.
Instead of letting Benny Gantz attempt to form a coalition of his own, the majority of the Knesset dissolved itself and a snap election was held on 17 September 2019.
The threat was deemed unacceptable by the opposition and the general public, and the prime minister called on Gantz to form a national unity government, even offering to cede the top job sometime in the future.
Gantz rejected this offer , noting Netanyahu's proposed unity government would include all of Netanyahu's right-wing allies but none of Gantz's centre-left allies.
Gantz has also refused to sit with Likud so long as Netanyahu is its leader, due to the criminal cases against Netanyahu.
After Netanyahu decided against holding a leadership election, Sa'ar confirmed he would run in the next election and would support Netanyahu until then.
As a result of the indictment, many in the Likud began to support Gideon Sa'ar in his bid for the chairmanship of the Likud.
Gold Horse Casino is a First Nations casino located in Lloydminster, Canada, situated on the Saskatchewan side of the provincial border.
Owned by the Saskatchewan Indian Gaming Authority (SIGA), the facility broke ground on June 12, 2017, and opened to the public on December 21, 2018 after a formal opening ceremony on the 20th.
It is Saskatchewan's seventh tribal casino, and includes a gaming floor with slot machines, 5 table games, and 18 electronic table games, as well as an events centre, meeting area, and a bar and grill.
The facility is situated on land owned by the Little Pine First Nation, who holds the municipal service agreement with the city of Lloydminster.
A consortium known as the Border Tribal Council (formed by nearby First Nations) is the landlord and facility developer of the property, which is leased to the SIGA as operator.
The 2021 South Asian Games, officially the XIV South Asian Games, is a major multi-sport event which will be held in Pakistan in Lahore, as well as Faisalabad, Sialkot and Gujranwala.
All the elections would be held on the same day, and over 100 million people are expected to be eligible to vote.
The leadup to the 2020 elections saw several regulations being issued by the General Elections Commission (KPU) barring certain candidates from running, from adulterers and politicians who had been charged with corruption.
Registration for the candidates would be held between 28 and 30 April 2020, with a campaign period lasting between June and September.
The firm’s flagship fund, Carmignac Patrimoine, largely resisted the financial crisis of 2008, which led to an increase in assets in the following years, and it became one of the largest funds in Europe for a while, according to the FT.
In September 2018, it was announced that Edouard Carmignac would step down from running the Carmignac Investissement Fund, management of which passed to David Older.
Edouard Carmignac announced in January 2019 that he would step down as the portfolio manager of the Carmignac Patrimoine fund after holding this position for 30 years.
In June 2019, the company agreed to pay a €30 million as part of a settlement under a public interest judicial agreement against the discontinuation of proceedings by the National Financial Prosecutor's Office.
Ocean (in russian: Океан) is an educational camp for children and young people funded by the government of the Russian Federation.
Ocean is located 20 kilometers away from the harbour city of Vladivostok, in the Russian Far East, near the shores of the Sea of Japan, the annual number of visitors exceeds 13,500 people.
On May 12, 1972, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) decided to establish a pioneer camp for young people of the following regions: The Ural Mountains, Siberia, the Russian Far East and the Russian Arctic.
In the year 1974, the construction of the Vladimir Lenin pioneer organization camp began in a forest near the city of Vladivostok.
Picacho Peak Wilderness is a wilderness area located on nearly 9000 acres of desert land just east of the California State Line.
After 2009 the FM broadcast was terminated but the station has continued to broadcast continuously using online digital radio distribution networks such as TuneIn.
The HEC O'Connor Cup, also referred to as the Michael O'Connor Cup, is the senior Ladies' Gaelic football intervarsity cup competition.
Since 1993 teams knocked out in the early rounds of the O'Connor Cup have subsequently competed in the consolation competition, the O'Connor Shield.
Since 1993 teams knocked out in the early rounds of the O'Connor Cup have subsequently competed in the consolation competition, the Micheal O'Connor Shield.
He lives in Augusta Charter Township, Michigan outside of Ann Arbor with his wife Kristen Renee (Hemker) and their seven children.
Starting in 2010, Cella served as principal of a consulting firm, the Pontifex Group was a co-founder of the Catholic advocacy organization Catholic Vote.
Cella was a staff member in the Capital Hill office of Michigan Representative Thaddeus McCotter before becoming a senior adviser to the House Republican Steering Committee and Republican Policy Committee.
He was one of several Catholic leaders to sign onto an open letter in March 2016 opposing his candidacy for the Republican nomination for President.
In October 2015, Mediaset España Comunicación was announced as one of the winning companies of a high definition digital terrestrial television license.
In March 2016, it was announced that this signal would be occupied by a new channel called Be Mad, which finally began broadcasting on April 21, 2016.
There are several programmatic blocks in which the different contents of the channel are categorized: Be Mad Travel, Be Mad Nature, Be Mad Mechanic, Be Mad Planet, Be Mad Investigation, Be Mad Extreme, Be Mad Food, Be Mad Live!, Be Mad History, Be Mad Movies, Be Mad Science, Be Mad Mystery and Be Mad Sports.
The first is to create a universal state retirement plan, which would replace the 42 individual retirement plans that exist in France.
The 2019 French pension reform plan follows the prior pension reforms in 1993, 2003, 2010, and 2013 - but is far more comprehensive in that rather than adjusting the system.
In September 2017, Jean-Paul Delevoye was appointed as High Commissioner for Pension Reforms, and was ordered to review the pensions system.
In July 2019, he delivered a report of his recommendations, outlining the basics of a bill to be proposed to the National Assembly for pension reform.
He resigned on 16 December after the press revealed he forgot to disclose 13 volunteer activities including a remunerated one for the French Federation of Insurances.
After a month of protest, polling reported in Jan 2020 a 61% support in favour of the strikes in the French population.
The strikes, led in part by the CGT but also by the UNSA, the FSU and Solidaires unions, began prior to the disclosure of the details of President Emmanuel Macron's plan to merge France's current 42 different pension schemes into one state-managed system.
Unions say introducing a single system will mean millions of workers will end up working beyond the legal retirement age of 62 or receiving a far lower pension.
The mandatory impact study of the reform is to be released on 24 January with the submission of the project to the ministers.
Initially designed to create a unique pension funds system in France, following the protest of the unions, the project has introduced 8 special plans for policemen, aeroplane pilots and stewarts, train drivers, firemen, jailmen, truck drivers, fishermen and teachers.
Strikes began on 5 December as more than 30 unions launched strike actions with the intention to shut down the country and force President Emmanuel Macron to reevaluate his plans for pension reform.
While across the country the Interior Ministry said more than 800,000 people were protesting the CGT said the figure was 1.5 million.
While some schools reopened, almost all high-speed train services were cancelled, most of the Paris metro remained shut down, and hundreds of flights were cancelled.
Transport across the country remained paralysed on 8 December as strikes by state rail company SNCF and Parisian public transport group RATP continued into their fourth day.
On 12 December French Prime Minister Édouard Philippe unveiled the government's proposal for raising the retirement age from 62 to 64 and harmonizing the 42 different retirement schedules.
The next day, the CFDT announced that it would be calling for its members to join the demonstrations on 17 December.
To protest against the loss of their special regime, ballerinas from the Paris Opera performed Swan Lake in frontcourt of Palais Garnier on 23 December.
In Caen, on 8 January 2020, dozens of lawyers threw their robes in front of the ministry of justice Nicole Belloubet as a sign of protest.
During union demonstrations, the level of violence exhibited by the police, as already condemned by the United Nations during the yellow vests demonstrations, was extremely high with videos allegedly reporting a police officer firing point-blank at the protesters with a riot control gun on 9 January.
Jean-Paul Delevoye, the High Commissioner for Pension Reforms, was revealed to be funded by the French Federation of Insurances, which has a direct interest in the pension reform.
Moreover, being funded by a private company while being a member of the government is illegal according to the French constitution.
Articles have also pointed out the proximity between Emmanuel Macron and BlackRock, one of the world's largest asset management funds, which is interested in having the billions of euros of the French pension fund enter the financial market.
The promotion of the head of BlackRock's French branch, Jean-Francois Cirelli, to rank of officer of the Légion d'honneur also contributed to highlight this proximity.
According to the conservative newspaper Le Figaro, on 19 December 55% of French people found the movement against the pension reform justified.
Two weeks later, in what had become the longest French strike over the last 50 years, 61% still found the movement justified.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
In Supply Chain Management, the Kraljic matrix (or Kraljic model) is a method used to segment the purchases or suppliers of a company by dividing them into four classes, based on the complexity (or risk) of the supply market (such as monopoly situations, barriers to entry, technological innovation) and the importance of the purchases or suppliers (determined by the impact that they have on the profitability of the company).
This subdivision allows the company to define the optimal purchasing strategies for each of the four types of purchases or suppliers.
It is named after Peter Kraljic, who first formalized it with an article published in the Harvard Business Review in 1983.
Lili Blumenau (1912-1976) was a pivotal figure in the development of fiber arts and textile arts, particularly weaving, in the United States during the mid-part of the 20th century.
Blumenau is a graduate of the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts, the Académie Scandinave in Paris, and was the first woman to graduate from the New York School of Textile Technology.
After her education, she went on to become an instructor in several schools in New York City, including Columbia University's Teacher's College where she started a weaving workshop.
In addition to maintaining her own weaving studio on Tenth Street in Manhattan she served as the curator of textiles at Cooper Union Museum from 1944-1950.
Her work provided inspiration to the Catholic Worker Movement to whom she taught weaving to several members at the Peter Maurin Farm.
Saddiq Bey (born April 9, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Villanova Wildcats of the Big East Conference.
He attended the DeMatha Catholic High School his freshman year before transferring to Sidwell Friends School, attracted to its academics and basketball excellence.
Bey averaged 14.5 points, 6.5 rebounds, 2 assists and 2 steals per game as a junior to lead Sidwell to a state championship.
However, he asked to be released from his letter of intent in May 2018, and the Wolf Pack denied him a waiver to play in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Villanova coach Jay Wright had recruited Bey earlier in high school but began targeting him after Omari Spellman left for the NBA and a scholarship became available.
Villanova won the Big East Tournament to become the first team with three straight tournament titles, with Bey contributing 16 points and 10 rebounds in the 74-72 championship against Seton Hall.
He had a career-high 33 points including eight three-pointers on January 11, 2020, to help the Wildcats to a 80-66 victory over Georgetown.
The 1951 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team was an American football team that represented the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1951 college football season as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA).
In their sixth season under head coach William M. Bell, the Aggies compiled a 7–1–1 record (4–1–1 in conference play) and outscored opponents by a total of 189 to 58.
The 2019 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929.
On 27 October 2019, Tullaroan won the championship after a 3-18 to 0-21 defeat of Thomastown in the final at UPMC Nowlan Park.
Helena Chidi Cawela Sousa (born 7 November 1994) is an Angolan female handball player for Primeiro de Agosto and the Angolan national team.
It was built in 1915 as a pavilion for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, and was relocated and reassembled in 1916 in the City of San Rafael to be used as a permanent clubhouse building the San Rafael Improvement Club, a civic organization founded in 1902.
The organization may or may not have defined itself as a women's club, but photos show that is what it was.
Gachet played junior hockey for the Beauport Harfangs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League before turning professional in his native France in 1994.
Born in Łódź, Szreter began his musical career as a child prodigy; at the age of nine he made his first public appearance in his native Poland.
At the age of 13, he received a scholarship to study at the Petersburg Conservatory, where he remained until the outbreak of the First World War.
In 1925 he appeared in a trio with the cellist Emanuel Feuermann and the violinist Boris Kroyt at the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin and at the Klindworth-Scharwenka-Konservatorium.
In 1933 Parlophone planned a series of recordings of the chamber music of Johannes Brahms, which, due to the death of the pianist, no longer came into being.
Bolton Wanderers Football Club, an English association football club based in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England was founded in 1874 as Christ Church Football Club before adopting its current name in 1877.
As of the end of 2018–19, the club's first team has spent 74 seasons in the first tier of English football, 33 in the second, 12 in the third and one in the fourth.
Bolton's first league game was a 6–3 defeat against Derby County in the inaugural 1888–89 Football League; since then they have played 109 different teams.
They met their most recent different league opponent, Accrington Stanley, for the first time in the 2019–20 EFL League One season.
The teams that Bolton Wanderers have met most in league competition are Aston Villa and Blackburn Rovers, against whom they have contested 156 league matches.
The team have lost more league matches to Everton than to any other club, having been beaten by them 70 times in 138 encounters.
The 1992 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 15-23 August 1992 at the Leicester Velodrome.
Between April 2016 and April 2018, the channel maintained its own programming, to be later withdrawn, as of that month, it only broadcast five programs, in addition to home shopping spaces and clairvoyance programs, this as a result of the poor economic results derived from a low audience.
On October 30, 2018, an agreement between Grupo Secuoya and Mediapro for the management of the channel's programming was announced and thus seek an improvement in viewers' rates.
The Benin-Nigeria border is 809 km (503 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Niger in the north down to the Bight of Benin in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Niger in the Niger River and then proceeds in a roughly south-to-southwesterly direction overland, before reaching the Okpara River just east of Waria.
The border then proceeds to the south, utilising the Okpara for circa 100 miles, various small streams, and several overland sections, before terminating at the Bight of Benin.
In 1851 a treaty of friendship was signed between France and the Kingdom of Dahomey in what is now southern Benin, followed by the creation of a protectorate in Porto Novo in 1863.
Meanwhile Britain had (via the Royal Niger Company) administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate (Calabar are the surrounding area) since 1884.
In 1900 the administration of these areas was transferred to the British government, with the Northern and Southern (including Lagos and Calabar) protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914.
A rough delimitation between the two territories as far north as the 9th parallel had been negotiated on 10 August 1889; this was further clarified in more detail via an agreement of 12 October 1896.
This border was confirmed by a treaty of 19 October 1906, with some minor changes made in 1912 following on-the-ground demarcation which were later finalised officially via an exchange of notes in 1914.
The section between the Atlantic and the Okpara river was marked on the ground by 142 concrete beacons, the boundary being formed by a straight line between them.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, Britain and France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their African colonies.
Dahomey declared full independence on 1 August 1960, followed by Nigeria on 1 October 1960, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.
By 2004-05 many of the boundary markers from the original demarcation were missing, prompting Benin and Nigeria to re-demarcate some sections of the border.
Mustafa Abu Sway is a Palestinian Islamic scholar and the first holder of the Integral Chair for the Study of Al Ghazali's Work at al-Masjid al-Aqsa and al-Quds University in Jerusalem.
Abu Sway taught at the International Islamic University in Malaysia and was a visiting Fulbright scholar-in-residence at Wilkes Honors College of Florida Atlantic University.
He has served as a Visiting Professor of Islamic Studies at Bard College in New York and as an associate professor of Philosophy and Islamic studies and Director of the Islamic Research Center at al-Quds University.
A Senior Fellow of the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Mustafa Abu Sway was listed among the 500 most influential Muslims in the world in 2012 and 2020.
The Sasol Global Touring Car Championship is a South African touring car series co-founded by Gary Formato and Vic Maharaj in 2016 and sactioned by MSA.
The series is divided of two classes, namely GTC (which runs silhouette racing cars) and GTC2 (which runs production racing cars).
Following the folding of the National Production Car Championship in late 2015, South Africa lacked a premier touring car racing series.
The Sasol GTC Championship (which had been in development for nearly four years), spearheaded by Vic Maharaj and Gary Formato, was given the green light by Motorsport South Africa in March 2015.
The new series was set to be attractive due to its lower costs (reportedly R200,000 less for a season than the NPCC).
All the cars would run identical six-speed Albins sequential gearboxes (identical to those used in the Supercars Championship), shock absorbers, suspension and brakes in order to aid cost-saving.
Originally slated to consist of four manufacturers (Audi, Ford, Nissan and Jaguar) fielding 12 cars between them, there were only 10 cars fielded in the inaugural race at Zwartkops Raceway.
With Nissan and Jaguar completely pulling out before the championship even began, the series attracted Volkswagen and BMW to also enter two and four cars respectively.
The inaugural season calendar consisted of seven rounds with two races each, except for the rounds at Killarney Race Track and Aldo Scribante, of which each had three races.
It kicked off at Zwartkops Raceway on the 9th of August, seeing South African racing veteran Michael Stephen take the series's first ever victory.
The season finale was staged at Prince George Circuit in East London, with Stephen being crowned the first Sasol GTC champion.
Each manufacturer also provides a turbocharged 2-litre petrol engine which produces a maximum of 436 bhp and 600 nm of torque.
Following a series of engine issues during the first round of the 2017 season, changes had to be introduced to lessen stress on the engines.
This included setting an RPM-limit of 7200, as well as decreasing the absolute boost pressure of the turbochargers to 2100 millibar.
The GTC2 class allows for production racing cars only, also with 2-litre turbocharged petrol engines, but instead capped to 281 bhp.
Each car is given one set of Dunlop slick tyres at the beginning of a season, and then two fresh tyres at each race.
On December 4, 2019, only less than two months after the October celebration of the International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR), heavy rains precipitated the deadly series of landslides that followed later that night into the next day, affecting over 500 people in Nyempundu, Gikomero and Rukombe of the northwestern provinces of Cibitoke, bordering Rwanda, and Bubanza as well as the northeastern province of Cankuzo.
At least 27 people have been killed and 10 left missing as of the December 11 human toll which is still expected to rise in the foreseeable future.
7 injured persons were admitted into Cibitoke referral hospital, 6 of whom have been discharged, and the seventh has been transferred to the Kigobe hospital, managed by Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders-Burundi (MSF-B).
Since January 2019, heavy rainfall has triggered flash floods, mudslides and landslides in various provinces, especially Bujumbura (Mairie and Rural), Cibitoke, Bubanza, Muyinga, Cankuzo, and Muramvya provinces.
Furthermore, these natural disasters have caused extensive damage to infrastructure, and hampered access to essential sources of food, water, education and healthcare.
There is also now an heightened risk of the spread of the zoonotic transmission of disease due to the resulting proliferation of mosquitoes.
As of September 2019, there are 103,412 Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Burundi, of which roughly 79,600 or 77% are displaced due to natural disasters (including over 8,400 displaced since January 2019), mainly in the regions bordering Lake Tanganyika, and the north-western and central provinces, according to the International Organization for Migration's (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix.
According the European Union's European Civil-protection and Humanitarian-aid Operations (ECHO) the risk of natural disaster continue to increase day-by-day with the early onset of the Burundian September 2019 rainy season and above-average rainfall forecasted by the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US NOAA).
The US Agency for International Development's (USAID's) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET) has reported that the greater horn of Africa region received up to 300 per cent above average rainfall from October to mid-November 2019.
East Africa currently experiences unseasonably heavy rains caused by the higher-than-average temperatures of the Indian Ocean, potentially due to cyclical dipole weather phenomenons and global warming.
According to a Save the Children count based on United Nations and government figures, more than 1,200 deaths across East and Southern Africa have been caused by floods, landslides, and a cyclone this year.
In addition, the UN has found that floods have displaced nearly half a million people in southern Sudan, 200,000 in Ethiopia and at least 370,000 in Somalia this year.
In addition, soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands, may have contributed to the Burundian susceptibility and vulnerability to devastating landslides.
The recently launched Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) indicates that Natural disasters pose substantial risks to the approximately 80 per cent of Burundians depend on subsistence farming, and that 1.74 million people will be in need in 2020.
Since December 4, at least a dozen hills around Nyempundu, in Mugina commune in Cibitoke, have been collapsed by severely damaging landslides, precipitated by torrential rains.
An anonymous local Cibitoke provincial government official, reported to Reuters that victims were living on a hillside which gave way after the heavy rains of the day before.
In an official Twitter post, the Ministry of Public Security has confirmed that much property was damaged in the disaster at least 26 people have died and 10 are missing.
According to another ministry spokesperson, Pierre Nkurikiye, other provisional police reports indicate the deaths of at least some 38 people (three in Gikomero, 13 in Rukombe and 22 died in Nyempundu), though these reports are still provisional, and as of now, excavation and search-and-rescue (SAR) operations are still ongoing.
Over 80 houses, 6 brides and roads, and 9 water access points have been destroyed, and crops continue to be wiped out.
On December 5th, the provincial Cibitoke Governor Joseph Iteriteka addressed victims of the disaster, thanking everyone involved in the management of the disaster.
The international community's willingness to help the affected people was especially communicated in a December 6 meeting with the Government's Provincial Platform, led by the Governor's Counsellor in charge of social affairs.
The Government of Burundi's Civil Protection and Disaster Management Unit, the public provincial and communal administration, the Burundi Red Cross (BRC), the police, the army, the surrounding population, and the Cibitoke and Mugina Health Districts, have all deployed local emergency relief services.
The UNOCHA intersectoral team has concluded that the most pressing necessities in order of priority are: food and water, shelter and other non-food items (all sorts of NFI kits have been and are being distributed by IOM, World Vision, BRC, UNICEF, UNFPA and NGOs Help a Child, War Child Holland & Concern Worldwide), psychosocial support, and access between hills and villages.
Landslides washed away fields that were exploited by these populations, as well as their crops and food reserves, notably those by the Mubarazi river in Muramvya, and similarly much livestock.
Water points and sanitary facilities have been washed away and what remains of them is under considerable strain due to high demand.
The mission noted that physical access to schools in the Nyempundu area is hampered by landslides that have cut off some roads, and that many schoolchildren in general have lost their school materials.
On December 7, the National Platform for Disaster Management set up an Ad-hoc crisis management committee to manage the emergency headed by the Director of Humanitarian Action of the Ministry of Human Rights, Social Affairs and Gender.
This aid was deposited in the commune of Mugina, over 25 kilometres from the disaster site and to which the beneficiaries will have to travel to access.
As of now, no provision has been made for people with special needs, and the relocation site identified in the village of Rusagara, not far from the shopping centre of the municipality of Mugina, was rejected for the second time by the BRC.
A week after the landslide, the burial of the recovered bodies, arranged by the BRC in cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), took place on December 12 in the Nyamakarabo area, but issues are still faced in the lack of assistance to the efforts of the authorities in conducting SAR operations, the extraction of corpses, and the evacuation of the wounded to nearby hospitals.
In addition, access to the area remains hampered by landslides that have damaged the roads crossing the area and wooden bridges that remain cannot allow heavy machinery to pass through.
The rate of return of 2000 refugees per week planned by the Tanzanian and Burundian governments appear to have been strongly affected by the environmental situation.
In November 2019 only one of the three transit centres was functioning, allowing only 409 Burundian refugees to return, the lowest rate since January.
The Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa (the DLCO-EA which Burundi is not member to) noted the necessity for urgent and decisive action from all partners, as well as the resources to support large-scale ground surveys, aerial spraying services, provision of chemicals, information dissemination, and further capacity building for control operations.
Based in Motta di Livenza in Veneto the unit consists of armed forces personnel from Italy, Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Romania and Slovenia.
The unit is administratively assigned to the Italian army's Engineer Command and affiliated with NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe and consists of a multinational headquarters, a multinational Command and Logistic Support Company, an Italian National Support Command, and CIMIC Battalion with personnel from the Italian Armed Forces.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
The Junta of Government of El Salvador of 1960 was established by Salvadoran military officers on October 26, 1960 after a coup d'état toppled President José María Lemus.
The 2019-20 UMass Lowell River Hawks Men's ice hockey season was the 53rd season of play for the program, the 37th season competing at the Division I level, and the 36th season in the Hockey East conference.
The 1963 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1963 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 15th season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a 10–1 record (7–0 against SWAC opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 364 to 144.
At the end of the season, the team was invited to participate in the small college playoffs sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), marking the first time a black college was invited to participate in the playoffs.
Prairie View defeated in the NAIA semifinal game before losing to John Gagliardi's in the NAIA Championship Game at the Camellia Bowl.
The 2015 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election was held on November 3, 2015, and was preceded by a primary on September 8, 2015.
François Morellon de La Cave (April 1696 – July 1768) was a painter and engraver of French origin active in Holland in the 18th century.
Morellon de La Cave had French Huguenot origins, and may have been a student of Bernard Picart, who settled in Amsterdam in 1710.
He is also the author of engravings based on works by William Hogarth and Antoine Coypel as well as portraits, for example that of Vivaldi and Willem de Fesch.
Da Poian won a bronze medal at the 1974 World Field Archery Championships and a gold medal at the European Archery Championships the same year.
She competed at the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished nineteenth with a score of 2282 points.
American rapper Post Malone is the recipient of multiple awards including three American Music Awards, a Billboard Music Award and a MTV Video Music Award.
The 2011 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011, and was preceded by a primary on September 20, 2011.
IBM Watson Health is a division of the International Business Machines Corporation, (IBM), an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York.
It helps clients facilitate medical research, clinical research, and healthcare solutions, through the use of artificial intelligence, data, analytics, cloud computing, and other advanced information technology.
IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.
IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most U.S. patents generated by a business () for 26 consecutive years.
Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM).
In healthcare, Watson's natural language, hypothesis generation, and evidence-based learning capabilities are being investigated to see how Watson may contribute to clinical decision support systems and the increase in artificial intelligence in healthcare for use by medical professionals.
The sources of data that Watson uses for analysis can include treatment guidelines, electronic medical record data, notes from healthcare providers, research materials, clinical studies, journal articles and patient information.
In February 2011, it was announced that IBM would be partnering with Nuance Communications for a research project to develop a commercial product during the next 18 to 24 months, designed to exploit Watson's clinical decision support capabilities.
Physicians at Columbia University would help to identify critical issues in the practice of medicine where the system's technology may be able to contribute, and physicians at the University of Maryland would work to identify the best way that a technology like Watson could interact with medical practitioners to provide the maximum assistance.
In September 2011, IBM and WellPoint (now Anthem) announced a partnership to utilize Watson's data crunching capability to help suggest treatment options to physicians.
Then, in February 2013, IBM and WellPoint gave Watson its first commercial application, for utilization management decisions in lung cancer treatment at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center.
The company has sent Watson to the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, where it will increase its health expertise and assist medical professionals in treating patients.
The medical facility will utilize Watson's ability to store and process large quantities of information to help speed up and increase the accuracy of the treatment process.
On February 8, 2013, IBM announced that oncologists at the Maine Center for Cancer Medicine and Westmed Medical Group in New York have started to test the Watson supercomputer system in an effort to recommend treatment for lung cancer.
On July 29, 2016, IBM and Manipal Hospitals</ref> (a leading hospital chain in India) announced the launch of IBM Watson for Oncology, for cancer patients.
Manipal Hospitals is the second hospital in the world to adopt this technology and first in the world to offer it to patients online as an expert second opinion through their website.
On January 7, 2017, IBM and Fukoku Mutual Life Insurance entered into a contract for IBM to deliver analysis to compensation payouts via its IBM Watson Explorer AI, this resulted in the loss of 34 jobs and the company said it would speed up compensation payout analysis via analysing claims and medical record and increase productivity by 30%.
It is said that IBM Watson will be carrying the knowledge-base of 1000 cancer specialists which will bring a revolution in the field of healthcare.
Several startups in the healthcare space have been effectively using seven business model archetypes to take solutions based on IBM Watson to the marketplace.
A large part of industry focus of implementation of AI in the healthcare sector is in the clinical decision support systems.
IBM is also working with CVS Health on AI applications in chronic disease treatment and with Johnson & Johnson on analysis of scientific papers to find new connections for drug development.
In May 2017, IBM and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute began a joint project entitled Health Empowerment by Analytics, Learning and Semantics (HEALS), to explore using AI technology to enhance healthcare.
Microsoft's Hanover project, in partnership with Oregon Health & Science University's Knight Cancer Institute, analyzes medical research to predict the most effective cancer drug treatment options for patients.
Google's DeepMind platform is being used by the UK National Health Service to detect certain health risks through data collected via a mobile app.
A second project with the NHS involves analysis of medical images collected from NHS patients to develop computer vision algorithms to detect cancerous tissues.
Intel's venture capital arm Intel Capital recently invested in startup Lumiata which uses AI to identify at-risk patients and develop care options.
Artificial intelligence in healthcare is the use of complex algorithms and software to emulate human cognition in the analysis of complicated medical data.
What distinguishes AI technology from traditional technologies in health care is the ability to gain information, process it and give a well-defined output to the end-user.
AI algorithms behave differently from humans in two ways: (1) algorithms are literal: if you set a goal, the algorithm can't adjust itself and only understand what it has been told explicitly, (2) and algorithms are black boxes; algorithms can predict extremely precise, but not the cause or the why.
AI programs have been developed and applied to practices such as diagnosis processes, treatment protocol development, drug development, personalized medicine, and patient monitoring and care.
Medical institutions such as The Mayo Clinic, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and National Health Service, have developed AI algorithms for their departments.
Large technology companies such as IBM and Google, and startups such as Welltok and Ayasdi, have also developed AI algorithms for healthcare.
Additionally, hospitals are looking to AI solutions to support operational initiatives that increase cost saving, improve patient satisfaction, and satisfy their staffing and workforce needs.
Companies are developing predictive analytics solutions that help healthcare managers improve business operations through increasing utilization, decreasing patient boarding, reducing length of stay and optimizing staffing levels.
The ability to interpret imaging results with radiology may aid clinicians in detecting a minute change in an image that a clinician might accidentally miss.
A study at Stanford created an algorithm that could detect pneumonia at that specific site, in those patients involved, with a better average F1 metric (a statistical metric based on accuracy and recall), than the radiologists involved in that trial.
The emergence of AI technology in radiology is perceived as a threat by some specialists, as the technology can achieve improvements in certain statistical metrics in isolated cases, as opposed to specialists.
Recent advances have suggested the use of AI to describe and evaluate the outcome of maxillo-facial surgery or the assessment of cleft palate therapy in regard to facial attractiveness or age appearance.
In 2018, a paper published in the journal Annals of Oncology mentioned that skin cancer could be detected more accurately by an artificial intelligence system (which used a deep learning convolutional neural network) than by dermatologists.
On average, the human dermatologists accurately detected 86.6% of skin cancers from the images, compared to 95% for the CNN machine.
There are many diseases out there but there also many ways that AI has been used to efficiently and accurately diagnose them.
Some of the diseases that are the most notorious such as Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) which are both in the top ten for causes of death worldwide have been the basis behind  a lot of the research/testing to help get an accurate diagnosis.
Due to such a high mortality rate being associated with these diseases there have been efforts to integrate various methods in helping get accurate diagnosis’.
An article by Jiang, et al (2017) demonstrated that there are multiple different types of AI techniques that have been used for a variety of different diseases.
From a review of multiple different papers within the timeframe of 2008-2017 observed within them which of the two techniques were better.
The ability to monitor patients using AI may allow for the communication of information to physicians if possible disease activity may have occurred.
A wearable device may allow for constant monitoring of a patient and also allow for the ability to notice changes that may be less distinguishable by humans.
EHR developers are now automating much of the process and even starting to use natural language processing (NLP) tools to improve this process.
One study conducted by the Centerstone research institute found that predictive modeling of EHR data has achieved 70–72% accuracy in predicting individualized treatment response at baseline.
Meaning using an AI tool that scans EHR data it can pretty accurately predict the course of disease in a person.
Drug-drug interactions pose a threat to those taking multiple medications simultaneously, and the danger increases with the number of medications being taken.
To address the difficulty of tracking all known or suspected drug-drug interactions, machine learning algorithms have been created to extract information on interacting drugs and their possible effects from medical literature.
Efforts were consolidated in 2013 in the DDIExtraction Challenge, in which a team of researchers at Carlos III University assembled a corpus of literature on drug-drug interactions to form a standardized test for such algorithms.
Competitors were tested on their ability to accurately determine, from the text, which drugs were shown to interact and what the characteristics of their interactions were.
Organizations such as the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the World Health Organization’s VigiBase allow doctors to submit reports of possible negative reactions to medications.
The 1954 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1954 college football season.
In their sixth season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a perfect 10–1 record (6–0 against conference opponents), won the SWAC championship, defeated in the Prairie View Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 255 to 116.
Tiger Love is an Israeli synth pop duo which was established in early 2010s by brothers Roy Ben Artzi () and Gigi Ben Artzi ().
The band gained popularity and shared a stage with artists such as The Pet Shop Boys and Mark Ronson and Arctic Monkeys.
In a 2011 interview the band, which was based in London at the time, stated that they were from London and New York.
They have shared a stage with artists such as The Pet Shop Boys and Mark Ronson and were featured in The Guardian, Paper magazine and Fred Perry.
In the track's accompanying video, which was directed by both brothers, model and Instagram sensation Aliyah Galyautdinova is seen sexually pleasuring herself.
Yems had had coaching roles at Fulham and Millwall before, in 2006, he was appointed as one of three joint caretaker managers at Crawley Town following the sacking of John Hollins.
Yems was sacked at the end of that season, and then joined Grays Athletic, initially as chief scout and becoming first team coach in October 2007.
Yems was appointed as assistant manager at Exeter City in February 2008, but left in July 2009, since he lived in Sussex and did not wish to relocate.
Following a spell as a coach at Gillingham, Yems was appointed as football operations manager by Bournemouth in 2012, remaining until 2018, when the club stated that they could not afford to keep him.
On 5 December 2019, Yems was appointed as manager of League Two side Crawley Town, after some time acting as a scout for several teams, including Newcastle United.
The conclusion is that since the unbeliever, as a ruler, respects the wisdom of these books and therefor has only successes, this applies even more to Christian rulers.
The work reflects the Russian imperial view of the Ottoman Empire from the time of Peter the Great's Pruth River Campaign and the creation of the Russian Empire.
The 1983 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election was held on November 3, 1983, and was preceded by a primary on September 20, 1983.
Adam Przybek (born 2 April 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ipswich Town and Wales at youth levels.
The match ended in a 1–1 draw before Ipswich went on to win a penalty shootout during which Przybek saved two penalties.
The 2019–20 William & Mary Tribe men's basketball team represents the College of William & Mary during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Tribe, coached by 1st-year head coach Dane Fischer, play their home games at Kaplan Arena in Williamsburg, Virginia as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
The 2019-20 Providence Friars Men's ice hockey season was the 69th season of play for the program and the 36th season in the Hockey East conference.
Of these, 85.6% spoke Belarusian, 7.8% Yiddish, 3.4% Russian, 2.4% Polish, 0.5% Lithuanian, 0.2% Latvian and 0.1% German as their native language.
GUIDE-Seq (Genome-wide, Unbiased Identification of DSBs Enabled by Sequencing) is a molecular biology technique that allows for the unbiased in vitro detection of off-target genome editing events in DNA caused by CRISPR/Cas9 as well as other RNA-guided nucleases (RGN) in living cells.
Similar to LAM-PCR, it employs multiple PCRs to amplify regions of interest that contain a specific insert that preferentially integrates into double-stranded breaks.
As gene therapy is an emerging field, GUIDE-Seq has gained traction as a cheap method to detect the off-target effects of potential therapeutics without needing whole genome sequencing.
Conceived to work in concert with next-gen sequencing platforms such as Illumina dye sequencing, GUIDE-Seq relies on the integration of a blunt, double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (dsODN) that has been phosphothiorated on two of the phosphate linkages on the 5' end of both strands.
This means that along with the target and off-target sites that may exist as a result of the activity of a nuclease, the dsODN cassette will also integrate into any spurious sites in the genome that have a DSB.
This makes it critical to have a dsODN only condition that controls for errant and naturally occurring DSBs, and is required to use the GUIDE-seq bioinformatic pipeline.
After integration of the dsODN cassette, genomic DNA (gDNA) is extracted from the cell culture and sheared to 500bp fragments via sonication.
From here, DNA specifically containing the dsODN insert is amplified via two rounds of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that proceeds in a unidirectional manner starting from the primers that are complementary to the dsODN.
The final product is a panoply of amplicons, describing the DSB distribution, containing indices for sample differentiation, p5 and p7 Illumina flow-cell adapters, and the sequences flanking the dsODN cassette.
GUIDE-Seq is able to achieve detection of rare DSBs that occur with a 0.1% frequency, however this may be as a result of the limitations of next-generation sequencing platforms.
There have been cases of GUIDE-Seq not detecting any off-targets for certain guide RNAs, suggesting that some RGNs may have no associated off-targets.
GUIDE-Seq has been shown to miss some off-targets, when compared to the genome-wide sequencing DIGENOME-Seq method, due to the nature of its targeting.
Another caveat is that GUIDE-Seq has been observed to generate slightly different off-target sites depending on the cell line.This could be due to cell lines having different parental genetic origins, cell line specific mutations, or, in the case of some immortal cell lines such as K562s, having aneuploidy.
Kaspar Karampetian (, January 29, 1948, Athens, Greece) is the President of the European Armenian Federation for Justice and Democracy, an Armenian politician and public figure.
In 1803 she suffered a maritime mishap, and later was captured by a French privateer, but recaptured by the British Royal Navy.
Zafar Juraevich Usmanov (; born August 26, 1937 , Dushanbe) is an Soviet and Tajik mathematician, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences (1974), professor (1983), full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan (1981), Honored scientist of the Republic of Tajikistan (1997), laureate of the State Prize of Tajikistan in the field of science and technology named after Abu Ali ibn Sino (2013).
The scientific organizer of systemic training at the Institute of Mathematics is about 30 candidates of physical and mathematical sciences on modern problems of computer science.
He prepared 18 candidates of sciences in the specialties of differential equations, geometry, computer science, hydromechanics, hydraulics and the history of mathematics, and 1 doctor of sciences in water problems.
The theory of generalized Cauchy-Riemann systems with a singular point of the 1st and above 1st order in the coefficients, as well as with the 1st order singularity in the coefficients on the boundary circle, which was a natural generalization of the classical analytical apparatus of I. N. Vekua, developed to study generalized analytic functions.
Based on the fundamental achievements in the development of the theory of generalized Cauchy-Riemann systems with singularities, in-depth studies have been carried out on the effect of an isolated flattening point on infinitesimal and exact bends of surfaces of positive curvature.
Some progress has been made in solving the generalized Christoffel problem of determining convex surfaces from a predetermined sum of conditional radii of curvature defined on a convex surface with an isolated flattening point (together with A. Khakimov).
For a wide class of natural processes described by ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations, natural metrics such as spatio-temporal Minkowski metrics are constructed, based on which a definition of the concept of the intrinsic time of a process and constructive methods for measuring it are proposed.
Computational experiments have established the promise of using the new concept to increase the effectiveness of the prognostic properties of mathematical models.
A mathematical model has been developed for the evolution of collection material of an arbitrary nature (together with T. I. Khaitov); a mathematical model for describing the evolution of spiral shells by the example of gastropods (together with M.R.
Some of these results were noted in the reports of the Chief Scientific Secretary of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences among the most important achievements of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the field of theoretical mathematics in the 70s years and twice in the field of computer science in the 80s.
As a leader and direct executor of works, together with his students, he carried out extensive research on the automation of information processing in the Tajik language.
Crookes has released three extended plays since 2017 and was nominated for the Rising Star Award at the 2020 Brit Awards.
Joy Elizabeth Akther Crookes was born in the Lambeth district of South London on 9 October 1998 to a Bangladeshi mother from Dhaka and an Irish father from north Dublin.
She grew up in the area of Elephant and Castle, where she spent eight years at a Catholic state primary school.
Crookes gained interest in singing after a attending a jazz and blues workshop, and by the age of 13, had started publishing covers of Laura Marling and reggae to YouTube.
She was placed fourth in Sound of 2020, an annual BBC poll of 170 music critics who predict breakthrough acts for the coming year.
Crookes has cited Black Uhuru, Marvin Gaye, The Pogues, Sinead O'Connor, Kendrick Lamar, Gregory Issacs and Kate Nash as some of the names incorporated with her first experiences with music.
Edith Noyes Porter (March 26, 1875 – died after 1945) was an American composer, music educator, clubwoman, and pianist, based in Boston, Massachusetts.
In 1895, Noyes started the first MacDowell Club, a music performance and appreciation club in Boston, named as a tribute to her piano teacher.
She was founder (in 1911) and president of the city's Music Lovers' Club, and was a member of the Chromatic Musical Club.
On the Greenes' wedding trip to Europe in 1909, they stayed with Ignacy Jan Paderewski in Switzerland and she studied with conductor Emil Paur.
He started playing the piano at the age of four, and showed such precocity that he was entered into the Kiev Conservatory when he was nine; but his professor there, Włodzimierz Puchalski, soon sent him to Moscow to study with Vasily Safonov at the Moscow Conservatory.
He made a brief trip to the United States, playing a concert in the Carnegie Hall, New York (having been recommended as a soloist by Alexander Scriabin).
Submitting to the new Communist regime, Isserlis was put work playing the piano for workers in factories and other institutions, often in harsh conditions.
In 1922 Isserlis was one of twelve musicians chosen by Lenin, who would be permitted to travel abroad as musical ambassadors for the newly-formed Soviet Union; none of the twelve returned to Russia.
Vienna had a very active musical scene, and he was able to build a career there as pianist, composer and teacher.
He was in touch with other Russian emigrés; Nathan Milstein and Josef Lhévinne are among those known to have visited him during this time.
Now in his fifties, he worked hard to rebuild his career as a pianist once more; he frequently featured on the BBC Third Programme, and he toured the country with the Wessex Philharmonic.
One exception is the Ballade in A minor for cello and piano; this was dedicated to Pablo Casals, who corresponded with the composer suggesting various changes.
A recording of his music, played by pianist Sam Haywood (joined by cellist Steven Isserlis for the Ballade in A minor), has been issued by Hyperion Records.
He is commemorated in Britain by the biennial award of the Julius Isserlis Scholarship by the Royal Philharmonic Society; the Scholarship was first awarded in 1980 following a bequest of Cecilia Helen Northcote.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
After the restoration of the monarchy in 1993, a new mission was established on 16 July 1994 as the Apostolic Nunciature to the Kingdom of Cambodia.
The 2020 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship will be the 56th staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929.
B. Venkatarama Reddy ( – 12 May 2019, also written as B. Venkatarami Reddy) was an Indian film producer who produced many Tamil and Telugu films.
Warren Leopold (February 15, 1920 – May 19, 1998) was an American architect, painter and craftsman who designed and built coastal homes in Cambria, California and throughout San Luis Obispo County, California and whose work is part of the organic school.
In the late 1960s as Leopold's attentions turned toward his increasing project workload, he suffered, according to his daughter Laurel, a mid-life crisis which lead to his marriage to Helen ending in divorce.
After enlisting in September 1940 for service in the US Army during World War II, he became the first officially designated US Army Combat artist, holding this role from 1940 to 1943.
During WWII, while stationed by the US Army in Alaska to head the North War Art Unit, he met writer Dashiell Hammett and together financed a whorehouse there.
Their friendship influenced Leopold's artistic philosophy, leading to a greater interest in the natural world and to a greater desire to lead a simplified life.
He retired from the Army in 1948 and subsequently moved to Big Sur in the hope of meeting Henry Miller, whose books he had read while stationed in Alaska.
While living in Big Sur, Leopold befriended modernist architect Rowan Maiden (1913-1957), who from 1939-1941 studied at Taliesin West under Frank Lloyd Wright, and who went on to design the landmark Nepenthe restaurant in the Organic tradition.
During 1947-1948, Leopold built his most notable structure, known as 'Crazy House', an artist's retreat located in Cambria that was conceived without right angles in its design.
In the early 1960s, he left Big Sur to relocate to Cambria where he created designs for over 100 clients in Cambria, and Carmel, and Big Sur.
He discontinued his work as an architect during the final 15 years of his life due to his dissatisfaction with the increasing complexity of local building regulations.
The 1954 North Carolina College Eagles football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina College in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1954 college football season.
In their tenth season under head coach Herman Riddick, the Eagles compiled a 7–1–1 record (6–0–1 against conference opponents), defeated Tennessee State in the National Classic, and outscored all opponents by a total of 180 to 57.
Of these, 89.6% spoke Belarusian, 8.6% Yiddish, 0.7% Russian, 0.4% Polish, 0.3% Ukrainian, 0.2% Lithuanian and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
It has spread to other parts of the world and now has a near pan-tropical distribution, occurring in North, Central, and South America, Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia.
The colour of both is black or dark brown with a reddish tinge, especially in the first three abdominal segments and the anal segments.
The nymphs and pupae are distinctively coloured being yellow or pale orange, with the first three abdominal segments and the tip of the abdomen being vivid red.
Adult female redbanded thrips live for about a month, during which time they lay up to fifty eggs which are produced by parthenogenesis.
Each egg is deposited into the underside of a leaf, and covered by a drop of fluid which hardens into a protective black disc.
The nymphal period lasts for about nine days and is followed by two non-feeding stages, a pre-pupal and a pupal stage.
The adults and nymphs insert their mouthparts into the epidermis of young leaves, killing the cells as they suck sap and causing leaf silvering or browning.
Nehemiah 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 21st chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
The chapter describes the completion of the building process of Jerusalem’s wall, last discussed in Nehemiah 7:4, and the repopulation of Jerusalem.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
This part scans the Jewish habitation outside Jerusalem with enclaves and settlements throughout the Judean countryside, listing the towns of Judah (verses 25–30), the towns of Benjamin (verses 31–35) and a note on the dwellings of the Levites (verse 36).
Based on , the Levites was not given land as inheritance, for 'their portion was the Lord and the honor of his service', but they were given a share of specific towns among the various tribes of Israel.
A limited amount of algae species have been discovered in the Chengjiang biota, suggesting that diversity within the general algae population may have been sparse.
Afsar Ahmad Siddiqui (15 Marc 1935 to 12 October 2001) was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and the former Member of Parliament of the now extinct Jessore-8 constituency, and also for the Jessore-5 constituency.
Siddiqui was elected to parliament from Extinct Jessore-8 as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 1979 and Jessore-5 15 February 1996.
Groomit is an American company which operates the first app for dog and cat owners to schedule in-home grooming for their pets.
Groomit offers a network of pet stylists and groomers that pet owners can connect with for a variety of services including haircuts, shampoos, nail clippings, and ear cleanings.
Groomit was launched in 2016, offering its services in the New York City metropolitan area, including Connecticut, New Jersey, and Westchester County, New York.
Groomit meets with each groomer in person, verifies skill level, and conducts background checks before they are eligible to make in-home appointments.
The eye is moderately large and has a well-developed adipose eyelid which normally covers almost all of the of eye apart from a vertical oval with the pupil in the centre.
It has two separate dorsal fins, the first having 8 spines with the second having a single spine and 28 to 35 soft rays.
The anal fin has 2 detached spines to its front followed by a single spine and 24 to 30 soft rays.
It has a black spot on the upper margin of the operculum and the upper part of the body is dark dusky to almost black or greenish to bluish while the flanks and belly are silvery to white.
The Arabian scad is found in the western Indian Ocean from the Red Sea and Somalia through the Persian Gulf east as far as Pakistan and south to the Saya de Malha Bank.
It was recorded in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time off Turkey in the 2000s, probably having come through the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant from the Red Sea.
The Arabian scad is semi-pelagic, demersal fish which forms schools in nearshore waters at depths between , but mostly frequently recorded in waters of less tha depth.
It apparently is not recorded where the water temperature is below or where the saturartion level of oxygen is less than 30%.
The 2018 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929.
On 28 October 2018, Graigue-Ballycallan won the championship after a 2-16 to 2-13 defeat of Tullaroan in the final at Nowlan Park.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.
The patrol craft is powered by two German DEUTZ diesel engines which can produce driving two shafts for a top speed of .
She completed her undergraduate studies at the National University of Tucumán, where she graduated with a licentiate in music, piano specialty.
She has written about 40 publications that have been translated into English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Dutch, ranging from general music pedagogy, piano, and guitar teaching, to children's and youth vocal ensembles, as well as improvisation and music therapy.
She has also been invited as a juror, teacher, and lecturer by universities, conservatories, musical and artistic centers, as well as international organizations such as the Organization of American States, UNESCO, and governments such as France, Germany, Spain's Ministry of Education, and Colombia's Ministry of Culture.
She also ventured into the publishing field as director of the Pedagogical Library Musical Collection for the Guadalupe Publishing House, editor of the ISME yearbooks in Spanish, editor of the magazine of the Argentine Association of Music Therapy, and co-director of the Lumen Publishing Group's Body, Art, and Health Collection.
Hemsy has served as ISME's honorary president and coordinator of its Music Therapy Commission (1974–1986), and has taught at the Carlos López Buchardo National Conservatory and the Manuel de Falla Municipal Conservatory in Buenos Aires.
It has 210 seats in the church room and 250 in the congregation hall, as well as a church hall and a baptismal room furnished respectively for 40 and 60 people.
The altarpiece in the church room is a bronze relief depicting the Ascension of Christ, created by Nina Sundbye in 1979.
Built privately on the personal funds of François-César Le Tellier de Courtanvaux, she was commissioned by the French Navy and used for scientific purposes.
Ozanne designed her as a pleasure yacht, and the scientists involved in the expedition had quarters of an unusually high quality for the time.
The model was made by former sailors of the expedition, and is built as a large 1/12th scale, yielding very minute details.
The movie had its world debut on March 12, 2016 at the South by Southwest Film Festival and stars Steve Zissis, a man who hires a ghost hunter (Mark Proksch) to rid his house of ghosts but finds that he instead wishes to rid himself of the hunter.
During a trip to their cabin in the woods so that the father Dan can work on his paintings, the Papadakis family experiences supernatural phenomenon that prompts them to seek out someone who can rid their house of ghosts.
The first person they hire, the laid back Joey, confirms that their house is haunted by two ghosts but tells them that there is no need to get rid of them, as the ghosts are benign and the phenomenon was only them trying to make contact.
Unhappy with this, Dan chooses to hire demonologist Os on the recommendation of his friend George, who claims that Os can effectively exorcise ghosts.
Dan chooses to remain in the cabin with Os, who proves to be a very eccentric person prone to over-imbibing and periodic rages fueled in part by his impending divorce.
Os tells Dan a story about how he caught gonorrhea from the Devil, who appeared to him as a beautiful woman, and Dan confesses that his paintings, which depict a black circle in the middle of a canvas, have no deep meaning to them despite the public claims stating otherwise.
Eventually Os's actions become too much and Dan deliberately lies that the remaining ghost left the home due to Os's actions.
Dan admits that he lied due to Os's strange actions and states that the two are not really friends, which hurts the other man.
Shortly thereafter Os comes to the conclusion that Dan accidentally opened up a portal to another realm, bringing over a demon that possessed Dan's son Jazz.
Os makes several attempts to exorcise Jazz using wind-up toys and cards featuring naked women, which bewilders Jazz, who claims that he is not possessed.
Upset that he is not making any headway, Os calls a priest for advice and is advised to kill the demon inside Jazz.
He chooses to do so by burying Jazz alive as he had several other items during the course of the film to supposedly rid them of their power.
Left alone in the cabin, Mary and Dan witness the supposedly captured ghost wander into the room and drop the handcuff key, implying that Os is not actually able to get rid of ghosts.
Formerly presented as the International Touring Artist Award, this award recognizes outstanding achievement by a US based artist who has demonstrated the most significant creative growth, development and promotion of the Country Music industry outside of the United States during the eligibility period.
Named in honor of Jeff Walker, this award recognizes outstanding achievements by a Country Music artist signed outside of the United States.
The artist must have furthered the popularity of Country Music as well as brought attention to the Country Music format in their foreign based territory.
This Award recognizes outstanding achievement by a radio broadcaster outside the United States who has made important contributions for the development of Country Music in their country.
At their height, the dynasty held suzerainty over Kumaon and Imperial viceroyalty of Punjab, an area comparable to Germany, Denmark and Austria.
With their borders reaching the boundaries of Delhi the dynasty had almost complete control over the affairs of the Indian Emperors.
Their bravery tolerance and progressive rule would gain them even greater admiration and they would be called upon by the British for aid in the Anglo-French Wars.
The dynasty rose to prominence with the first Nawab of Rohilkhand, Nawab Ali Mohammad Khan and is a branch of one of India's most ancient dynasties, the influential Barha Dynasty best known for being de facto rulers of South Asia in the early 18th Century as well as being agnates of the 15th Century Emperors of India.
The dynasty descends in the male line from the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali, through his younger son Hussain who married Shahrbanu, herself a daughter of the Sassanian Emperor of Persia, Yazdegard III.
Due to Ali's status as an Adnanite, the dynasty can trace its ancestry to the Biblical Prophet Abraham through his eldest son Ishmael.
As a boy, the founder of the Rohilla Dynasty Ali Muhammad Khan, was adopted by the chief of the Barech Tribe, Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla.
In reference to the twelve townships that members of the dynasty had received as fiefs from Sultan Shibabdudin of Ghor when they first arrived in India.
The dynasty descends in the male line from the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali, through his younger son Hussain who married Shahrbanu, herself a daughter of the Sassanian Emperor of Persia, Yazdegard III.
The subsequent generations from which the dynasty descends took part in many rebellions against the authority of both the Umayyad Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate.
Subsequently, the dynasty were heavily persecuted by the Abbasid government, and eventually the founder of the Barha dynasty, Abul Farah Al Wasiti, fled from Madina to Wasit and from there he fled to the Ghaznavid Empire.
His four sons entered into the military service of Sultan Muhammad of Ghor and received twelve fiefdoms in Punjab, then a part of the Ghor Empire, as reward for their service.
Thus the dynasty became quickly established as Nobles of the Sword in ancient India, a status they held under several different empires.
When the Chief of the Barha, who was also the Diwan of the empire, was granted the fiefdom of Saharanpur due to his relation with the imperial family.
They also enjoyed particularly prominent positions under the reign of the Sur, eventually defecting during the last days in the reign of Sikander Sur of the Sur Empire, to the Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire in the course of the siege of Mankot .
The Barha dynasty maintains the unique status of having been the only dynasty to participate in all three Battles of Panipat, seminal battles which shaped Indian History.
In the Second Battle of Panipat they gained victory under Bairam Khan, and finally in the Third Battle Of Panipat, the sons of Nawab Ali Muhammad Khan Rohilla fought with Ahmed Shah Abidali against the Maratha.
The Friendship Four is an annual mid-season college ice hockey tournament that has been held since 2015 at SSE Arena Belfast in Belfast, Northern Ireland with the winner receiving the Belpot Trophy.
The tournament began as a way to foster stronger economic development, trade and investment, tourism, cultural exchange and educational linkages between the sister cities of Boston and Belfast.
Each year four teams are selected to participate in the tournament which it typically held on the same weekend as Thanksgiving in the United States.
As of 2019 all games have been played at the SSE Arena Belfast while all participating schools have come from the eastern region.
She was also a member of the American Medical Association (AMA), a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, and a member of the Medical Women's National Association (MWNA).
Jacques Morgantini (21 February 1924 – 2 December 2019) and Marcelle Morgantini (' Chailleux, 7 April 1925 – 23 September 2007) were French record producers and promoters of American blues music.
He became a jazz fan after hearing his father's records, and while studying chemistry in Toulouse organized a conference on jazz music addressed by Hugues Panassié, the influential critic who was the president of the Hot Club de France.
Panassié invited Morgantini to become vice-president of the Hot Club, and in 1945 Morgantini set up the Hot Club de Pau.
He started developing a network of contacts in the U.S., which provided a basis for him to invite American jazz and blues performers to perform in France.
In 1951, with the support of the Hot Club of France, he invited Big Bill Broonzy to perform in the country.
He worked as a salesman for an electrical company, and met Marcelle Chailleux at a conference he organized in Pau to discuss blues music.
Marcelle, born in Sarthe, had been a fan of classical music but was drawn by the emotional power of the blues.
Through Jean-Marie Monastier, the owner of a record store in Bordeaux and later the founder of the Black & Blue record label, they invited further groups of blues musicians to play in France, including the Chicago Blues Festival tours managed by Monastier which featured such musicians as Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, T-Bone Walker, Memphis Slim and Koko Taylor .
Some of the musicians, including John Lee Hooker and Memphis Slim, were recorded by the Morgantinis, either in their studio at their home in Gan, or in live performance, and their albums were released by Black & Blue.
The Morgantinis became friends with many of the performers, notably Jimmy Dawkins and Fred Below, who told them that several leading blues performers in Chicago had never been recorded.
She set up her own label, MCM Records, the name deriving from her initials, and on two trips in 1975 recorded club performances by Willie Kent, Willie James Lyons, The Aces, Jimmy Johnson, Luther Johnson, and Bobby King.
In the work of Jimmy Dawkins, Magic Slim and Willie James Lyons, you can hear the seeds of blues-rock being sown.
He produced the Jazz Forever and Blues Forever series of CDs in the 1980s, before creating a series of compilation CDs for the EPM label and for Frémeaux & Associés as well as the Riverboat series of albums of jump blues musicians.
Jacques Morgantini continued to record blues musicians, organise concerts, work as a music critic, and present radio programmes of jazz and blues.
It was caused by an incident at the finals against Canada at the 1972 world men's curling championship, the 1972 Air Canada Silver Broom in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
After the last shot of the 10th end came to rest, it appeared as though they had won, and LaBonte leaped in the air to celebrate, but upon his descent he burned (touched) a Canadian stone.
The stone was replaced and was found to be closer, giving Canada the point and forcing the game to an extra end, where Canada scored again, winning the match.
The 1962 Jackson State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Jackson State College for Negroes in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1962 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 11th season under head coach John Merritt, the Eagles compiled a 10–1 record (6–1 against conference opponents), defeated Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic, and outscored all opponents by a total of 411 to 101.
Another source selected Florida A&M as the national champion despite Jackson State's 22–6 victory over Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic.
At the start of the fall 1962 semester, James Meredith drew national attention when he transferred from Jackson State to the previously all-white University of Mississippi.
The 2019–20 Wake Forest Demon Deacons women's basketball team represents Wake Forest University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Demon Deacons, led by eight year head coach Jen Hoover, are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference and play their home games at the Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum.
Jacopo Pellegrini (born 12 September 2000) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Sassuolo born in Reggio Emilia.
Emma Van Name also known as Little Girl in Pink With a Goblet Filled With Strawberries is a 1805 portrait painting by self-taught American folk artist Joshua Johnson and is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
After being acquired by Edgar William Garbisch and his wife, Bernice Chrysler Garbisch they donated it to the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1970.
He was Precentor of Cork from 1750 to 1752; and Prebendary of Killaspugmullane in Cork Cathedral from 1752 until his death.
He is known in the Spanish media for being the first politician of African descent elected from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, as well as for being homeless in the past and having to sleep on the beach of the Canary Islands for over a month.
He quickly ran out of money though and for 42 days Diouf was homeless and had to sleep on the beach.
Eventually Diouf contracted pneumonia and had to be taken to a hospital in Las Palmas, where one of the nurses put him in contact with social workers.
He would later get a job at a hotel in Jandía on the island of Fuerteventura and would also find work as a computer technician.
In 1996 Diouf joined the Workers' Commissions, or CCOO, where he worked as an advisory technician, as coordinator in the union's immigrant information centers, and as the secretary of immigration for the union's division in the Canary Islands.
He was on the party's second ballot list in the April 2019 Spanish general election, where he was elected to the 13th Congress of Deputies.
He had a career in public service working as an attorney for various government departments and later served as Chief of the Special Proceedings Division of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia.
President Barack Obama nominated Okun on September 20, 2012, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
On March 19, 2013, President Barack Obama renominated Wellner to the same court to the seat vacated by Linda Kay Davis.
On May 22, 2013, the Committee reported his nomination favorably to the senate floor and on the following day, May 23, 2013, the full Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote.
In 1957, he was the first African American designer hired to run a design studio on Seventh Avenue in the Garment District in New York City.
His mother Rose was a dressmaker, she created her own clothing designs and taught he to him about fashion early in his childhood.
His mother liked hats, so as a child he was determined to learn to make hats so he could make her one.
He dropped out of FIT in 1956 before graduating after he was told there were no jobs for black designers and the Dean suggested he start looking for jobs as a presser.
He spoke openly about being treated poorly in design offices in the early years and being assumed to not be the fashion designer, even when he was dressed in designer clothing, because he was black.
In his early jobs he was allowed to create the fashion designs and build the clothing for the firm, but he was not allowed to use his own name.
He opened up a small space in Greenwich Village and sold clothing to a few celebrities one weekend, and from then he had work from Broadway shows needing costumes.
By 1957, at the age of 24, he was running the design room for Bobby Brooks, Inc, a women's apparel company.
McGee's clothing designs were known for bring both African and Asian fashion aesthetics together, often featuring a looser silhouette and fabrics from Africa.
His designs were sold at larger department stores, and in many cases these were the first time the stores carried any African American fashion designers work, including Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdale’s, Henri Bendel, and Bergdorf Goodman.
He designed musician Dexter Gordon's custom suit he wore to the 1987 Academy Awards when he was nominated for an Oscar for the film Round Midnight.
McGee died July 1, 2019 at the age of 86, in a nursing home in New York City after a long battle with illness.
And McGee influenced many younger designers of the 1970s including, Stephen Burrows, Scott Barrie, B. Michael, Jeffrey Banks, and James Daugherty.
His work is included in various public museum collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, National Museum of African American History and Culture, among others.
Along with her older sister Catherine, she took part in illustrating scientific and technical works, specialising in engraving legends and labels for geographical maps.
Her signature may take the form : « E Haussard », « El Haussard », « Elis haussard », « E. Haußard », etc.
The drug is an anti-Clever-1 antibody which can convert immune suppressive type-2 tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) to immune active type-1 microphages and has the potential for wide use in oncology.
It is currently (2019) undergoing trials (codename MATINS) as an innovative treatment for metastatic or inoperable solid tumours such as cutaneous melanoma and hepatobiliary/hepatocellular, pancreatic, ovarian and colorectal cancers, all of which host a significant number of Clever-1-positive TAMs and represent some 2 million cases annually worldwide.
Following encouraging results of early European trials regarding the drugs tolerability and safety the MATINS programme is being extended to the USA.
Later trials will study the drug's efficacy in treating patients with high Clever-1 occurrence, who can be readily identified by liquid biopsy using a blood myeloid cell staining technique.
Alderbrook Resort & Spa, aka Alderbrook Inn or Alderbrook, is a hotel located in Union, WA on the southern shores of Hood Canal.
Alderbrook opened in 1913 as a group of tent cabins with wood stoves and has been expanded and remodeled numerous times.
Today the hotel offers 77 guest rooms and 16 cottages, as well as a restaurant, meeting rooms, salt water pool, spa, two marinas, and two retail spaces.
Alderbrook was originally built by Henry Stumer, a Seattle business owner who had previously owned the Hotel Stumer in Union City (now Union, WA).
Beginning in 1909, Stumer worked with friends from Seattle's Swedish Club to buy and develop beachfront property just east of Union City.
Stumer bought three of the resulting lots from what became known as the Sunny Beach tract and built tent cabins consisting of frames covered in black and orange striped canvas.
Alderbrook Center opened in 1941 featuring a soda fountain and sandwich shop, and in 1944 they opened the Flagwood gift shop, the Alderbrook Apparel Shop and Alderbrook Beauty Shop.
Clara Eastwood retained the western-most Sunny Beach lot where the Flagwood gift shop was located and built a cabin for herself.
Schafer remodeled the Inn and added 21 vacation cottages next to the property and then sold the Inn to the Dickman Lumber Company.
Johnson quickly released redevelopment plans which included the addition of an indoor swimming pool, marina, 18-hole golf course, and 70-room hotel.
In 1964, construction began on the first nine holes of the golf course on property up the hill from the Inn.
Johnson announced additional plans for residential development around the golf course and an airfield, as well as an office building across the highway from the Inn to house the administrative offices for this upland development and his new Hood Canal Real Estate Company.
By 1966 the floating dock, indoor swimming pool, and 9-hole golf course were completed, as well as the addition of 26 lanai guest rooms and 5 meeting rooms.
In 1966 Wes Johnson announced new plans for redeveloping the Alderbrook Inn which centered around demolishing the existing lodge and building a new high-rise hotel on pilings out over the water.
In 1968, following the permit application and a solicitation for public comment, Mason County commissioners responded with no objections; however, numerous comments from individuals expressing opposition to the project were submitted.
Among the complaints were concerns over increased pollution from the hotel itself and increased boat traffic, an undesirable increase in tourism, and primarily the encroachment of buildings and fill upon Hood Canal tidelands.
In a hearing before the Mason County commissioners in January 1969 a group of individuals calling themselves the Hood Canal Committee for Planning requested that the Mason County Board of Commissioners withdraw their approval of the project and request more time to decide.
The Hood Canal Committee made similar requests to several state agencies and to Governor Dan Evans asking that they reject the permit application.
They also circulated a petition asking Mason County to enact an emergency zoning ordinance to protect the shoreline until a comprehensive plan already in process outlining environmental protections could be approved.
In February 1969, the Army Corps of Engineers informed the Department of the Interior that they would approve the permit unless the Department issued a statement of opposition.
The rejection of the project from the Department of Interior required that the ultimate decision come from top Army Engineer officials in Washington, D.C.
They cited the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and Presidential Executive Order 11514 (Protection and Enhancement of Environmental Quality, dated March 5, 1970) as making it the responsibility of all Federal agencies to protect and preserve the environment.
In 1971, the Washington State Shoreline Management Act went into effect requiring all developments within 200 feet of the shore to have a special permit.
Wes Johnson was required to obtain one of these special permits and revised his plans for Alderbrook to make the new hotel shorter and move it back above the shoreline.
Wes Johnson listed the Alderbrook Inn and its related properties for sale in 1985, however he remained the owner until his death in 1991.
The 18-hole golf course was sold to the Alderbrook Golf and Yacht Club, the 450-member homeowners association for residences surrounding the course.
Renovation plans included demolition and construction of new buildings, remodeling the main lodge and 21 cottages, expanding the restaurant and bar, adding a spa, fitness center, and conference center, and moving the highway.
The new resort consisted of 77 guest rooms, 16 guest cottages, 6,600 sf of meeting space, a spa, an indoor pool and Jacuzzi, fitness center, restaurant, lounge, and marina.
In 2008 the Lady Alderbrook, a 53-foot cruise boat, was purchased and moored at the Alderbrook dock to provide guests with canal cruises and an alternate venue for special parties.
Local businesses were dependent on the resort to attract tourists, but its primary function as a Christian conference center attracted mostly youth groups and Christian retreats.
When the resort closed for renovation the unemployment rate in Mason County reached 7% and area gift shops went out of business.
When it reopened in 2004 the resort employed between 110 and 130 people, and restaurants and gift shops began to reopen and stay open year-round instead of closing for the winter.
In 2007, it was announced that North Forty Lodging had purchased the Hood Canal Marina 1 mile east of the resort and planned a total replacement of the moorage area, remodel of the building, addition of a new septic system, beachfront picnic spot, landscaped parking area, and most importantly the sale of gas and diesel for boats.
When the marina was developed in the 1960s there were several gas docks available and fishing and ski boats filled the waters of lower Hood Canal.
Hood Canal Marina was the last gas facility in the area when the tanks were removed in 1998 due to new environmental regulations.
For the next ten years the nearest fueling station for boats was an hour away at Pleasant Harbor Marina and fears of getting stranded prevented boaters from venturing to the lower end of the canal.
Galvanized steel pilings, sealed polyurethane floats, and composite decking replaced creosote logs and Styrofoam making the new dock more environmentally friendly.
An Alderbrook employee and Union native approached the resort with a vision for the space at the Hood Canal Marina: local farmers market/marina general store of the past; an avenue for local artists, crafts, and food to be in one place.
Many local artists, craftspeople, and businesses sell their wares through the Market, and the Market has been a venue for shows celebrating oysters, beer, art, and more.
Ghat Ghat Ka Paani (Hindi: घाट घाट का पानी, English: Along the river banks) is a documentary film about the lives of people residing alongside ghats in Benaras, India.
The film is directed by Mumbai based director Akash Shukla and produced by himself and Akshit VS under their own production company Kalikrama Studio in 2017.
Set on the banks of river Ganga in Varanasi, the film gives you a glimpse into the lives of the people living around the ghats.
The ones who walk past you, the ones you want to know more about but never really get a chance to stop and ask.
In 637 or around 640, Bishop of Auxerre Saint Palladius founded a monastery dedicated to Saint Eusebius of Vercelli outside of the walls surrounding the city.
The monastery was often attacked, wrecked or even destroyed, so the monks left it and the monastery became a property of Auxerre Cathedral.
In 1090 or 1100, Bishop Humbaud increased the number of monks in the monastery and made the community regular by introducing canons from Saint-Laurent-lès-Cosne Abbey.
On June 12, 1384, Bishop of Auxerre consecrated the church, which had been used without consecration for more than a century.
The glass walls were remarked, notably the ones of the 1530 axial chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary as well as the ones of the ambulatory which show the story of saint Laurent, the secondary patron saint of the church.
New stained glass windows were installed in the church, but they were destroyed during the occupation of the city by the Protestants in 1567–8.
In 1634, the priory of Saint-Eusèbe was affiliated with the canons regular of Sainte-Geneviève of Paris, who repaired and embellished the church.
It is adjacent to a Romanesque bell tower of the 12th century similar to the one of the Abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre.
The portal built in 1633 has two panels: the right panel shows Saint Eusebius, while the left panel shows Saint Laurent.
Brigitta Danuser is professor for occupational medicine at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland and directed from 2005 to 2015 the institute for work and health (Institut Universitaire Romand de Santé au Travail IST).
Since 1993, she has been engaged in the development and teaching of the MAS/DAS Work+Health, which trains occupational physicians and hygienists.
Brigitta Danuser studied medicine at the University of Zurich and made her venia legendi in work physiology at the ETH Zurich on the topic of motivated attention.
Her psycho-physiological research focuses on the emotional and cognitive work involved in modern public performances, under the larger scientific body work and health research.
At the Institut de Santé au Travail Brigitta, Danuser developed the following occupational medicine consultations for employees: a general occupational medicine consultation, a consultation for suffering and work, a motherhood protection consultation, and a consultation for occupational respiratory diseases.
The Greater Brighton Economic Board was created in April 2014 to oversee a 6-year programme of investment in job, housing, and business and skills support.
The City Region was initially formed from five local authorities, together with the South Downs National Park, the University of Sussex, the University of Brighton and the Greater Brighton Metropolitan College.
Fredrik Widgren (born 4 June 1994) is a swedish martial artist who reprezents his native country Sweden in sport jujitsu (JJIF).
When he was 6 years he visited for first time fighting club in Nacka near Stockholm where his older Sara was already training sport jujitsu.
The Great Synagogue of Slonim () or simply the Slonim Synagogue () is a 17th century baroque former synagogue building in Slonim, Belarus.
It is listed by the private World Monuments Fund as their top priority site of Jewish interest in Eastern Europe that requires restoration.
The steering group includes Britons and Americans with family links to the Jewish community of Slonim and the architect Tszwai So.
Let's Sing Country is a competitive music video game developed by French studio Voxler and released for the Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4.
The game uses either up to two USB microphones or two smartphone apps that can turn a phone into a microphone.
Eliogu is from Idemili in Anambra State, a southeastern geographical area of Nigeria but was raised in Lagos state, which is southwest Nigeria.
John Bromwich and Adrian Quist, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title by defeating Jack Crawford and Vivian McGrath 6–3, 7–5, 6–1, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1940 Australian Championships.
Partaking in the Doubles was the only opportunity for Len Schwartz and Lionel Brodie, the seventh and eighth players in national ranking, to play in this year's Championships, as their late entries for the Singles were not accepted by the Council of the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia.
Charles-François-César Le Tellier, marquis de Montmirail (Paris, 11 or 12 September 1734 – Paris, 13 December 1764) was a French military officer, member of the French Royal Academy of Sciences.
First bearing the title of Marquis de Crusy, he took the title of Marquis de Montmirail from his father when he himself took the title of Marquis de Courtanvaux when Charles-François-César's grandfather died.
After three years of service in the Musketeers of the Guard, the King granted him the position of Captain-Colonel of the Hundred Swiss, his father resigning in his favour.
He was commissioned on 28 November 1754 and, the next day, promoted to Colonel, so as to be able to serve in the Army when the Swiss could not, as they were obliged to always stay with the King himself.
Daouda Peeters (born 26 January 1999) is a Guinean-born Belgian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Juventus U23 in the Serie C.
He was ordained to the priesthood on 11 January 1881 in Mechelen and was sent to Rome to study philosophy, theology, and canon law.
His emphasis was on encouraging religious devotion, promoting both mass pilgrimages and private retreats among the laity and emphasizing ongoing formation for the clergy.
In 1901 he became president of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses, in succession to Victor Joseph Doutreloux, bishop of Liège.
He hosted the 1902 Eucharistic Congress in his own diocese, and personally presided at the International Eucharistic Congresses in Montreal (1910), Chicago (1926), Sydney (1928), Carthage (1930), Buenos Aires (1934) and Manila (1937).
Frank Aasand (July 27, 1949 – January 15, 2019) was an American curler, a and a 1972 United States men's curling champion.
It was caused by an incident at the finals of the 1972 world men's curling championship, the 1972 Air Canada Silver Broom in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
He graduated from Grafton High School and North Dakota State University with a degree in pharmacy and worked for Getz Drug.
He was a member of the St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church, the Elks Club, the Eagle's Club and was a past president of the Grafton Curling Club.
Ari Eldjárn was born in Reykjavík in 1981 to an elite family; his father Þórarinn Eldjárn was a writer, and his paternal grandfather was former president Kristján Eldjárn.
She is a John Lewis Paton Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Sociology at the Memorial University of Newfoundland and Senior Research Associated in the SafetyNet Centre.
In 2003, they received a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to develop an East Coast Consortium on Workplace Health and Safety in collaboration with the Université de Sherbrooke and the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST).
By 2013, Neis was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for her contributions to the fish stock industry.
The following year, she collaborated with regional hubs in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland to help injured, ill, and impaired workers stay in the job market.
In 2018, Neis was the recipient of the 2018 Vanier Institute Award for her research contribution that helped advance families in Canada.
Alex Bars (born September 8, 1995) is an American football guard for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).
He started all 12 of Notre Dame's games at right tackle as a junior and all 13 games of his senior year at left guard.
Bars was waived at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 1, 2019.
Tahbaz graduated from Colgate University in 1977 with a degree in liberal arts and from Columbia University in 1983 with an MBA.
Amanda Cordelia Bryant-Friedrich is a Professor of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry and Dean of the College of Graduate Studies at the University of Toledo.
She was awarded the 2014 American Chemical Society Stanley C. Israel Regional Award for Advancing Diversity in the Chemical Sciences and is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Chemical Society.
She is the daughter of a farmer and, alongside her education in the Halifax County School system, worked on the family farm.
Whilst she was offered a full academic scholarship at Duke University, she was encouraged by her guidance counsellor to attend North Carolina Central University.
She eventually earned her bachelor's degree in chemistry at North Carolina Central University, where she worked in the laboratory of John Meyers.
She moved to Duke University for her graduate studies, and spent two years trying to prove to the department that she would be able to complete a PhD.
She enjoyed her time in Europe, and has said that whilst in Germany and Switzerland she experienced less racial bias than she did during her time in America.
On returning to the States Bryant-Friedrich first worked at Wayne State University, but when it became obvious that she would not be awarded a tenure-track position, she looked for other options.
She was awarded an National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2003, which allowed her to study the chemical processes that damage DNA and RNA.
As snRNA is essential for the function of spliceosome, this type of damage can impact the structure and function of the spliceosome.
In 2016 it was announced that Byrant-Friedrich would become the Dean of the College of Graduate Studies at the University of Toledo.
Captain Lawrence Dickson (1920-1944) from Bronx, New York, was World War II pilot and a member of the famed group of World War II-era African-Americans known as the Tuskegee Airmen.
Dickson flew 68 mission in World War II before he was forced to eject from his aircraft over Austria in 1944.
On December 23, 1944, Dickson was on his 68th mission piloting his aircraft as part of a mission to Praha, Czechoslovakia.
Dickson's two wingmen followed but they were forced to take evasive action when Dickson's plane sputtered and dove: Dickson's engine trouble was catastrophic and he was forced to eject over Hohenthurn, Austria.
One of Dickson's wingmen insisted that he saw Dickson eject but the December snowfall complicated the search for Dickson's white parachute.
After the war it was revealed that German records had reported that a P-51 plane crashed at that site the day that Dickson disappeared.
The researcher said he visited the site in the 1950s as a child, but had not discovered the remains until 2002.
An archeological crew was sent to the site in 2018 and they recovered bone fragments which matched Lawrence Dickson's daughter's DNA.
Dickson's mother did not live to attend the burial of her son: Phyllis died December 28, 2017, in Nevada at the age of 96.
Henry Hussey (27 August 1825 – 6 May 1903) was a pastor in the colonial days of South Australia, closely associated with the Christian Church on Bentham Street along with pastors Abbott, Finlayson and Playford.
Hussey was born in Wimborne, Dorsetshire or Kennington, London, the second son of George Edward Hussey of Poole, Dorset, who claimed Norman descent, and Catherine Hussey, née Burt.
Hussey was educated at a dame school in a house once occupied by the poet William Cowper, and was first employed as office boy for a firm of brewers.
He had plans to move his place of business to the newly developing Port Adelaide, but died in September of the following year.
He left Dehane and joined the staff of the General Post Office, delivering letters to the east side of the city, but after a few months returned again to the print shop.
This publication ceased in April 1852, at a time of recession brought about by the rush to the goldfields of Victoria.
In December 1853 his mother sold her premises on King William Street to F. H. Faulding for £1,000 and reopened on O'Connell Street, North Adelaide.
She apportioned her windfall gains to her children; Henry used his share to purchase further blocks of land: one on Victoria Square, one on Wellington Square, one at Goolwa, and one at Port Elliot.
In 1866 George Fife Angas, a wealthy pastoralist and member of Hussey's church, offered him a position as his private secretary, succeeding William Ramage Lawson, who had embarked on a career in journalism.
Although already a regular churchgoer, Hussey's interest in religion quickened around the time he started at Dehane's printery on Morphett Street and became involved with the nearby Trinity Church.
He was at Holy Trinity during the incumbency of Colonial Chaplain C. B. Howard and James Farrell, a pre-millenarian, who may have ignited his preoccupation with the Second Coming and Scriptural prophesies.
He was invited to a preliminary meeting held 8 February 1853 to start a local chapter of the Young Men's Christian Association (now YMCA) by Charles Henry Goode.
In April 1854 Hussey left the printing business in the hands of his partner, John Thomas Shawyer (1825–1895), and left on a trip to the United States, visiting Tahiti and Panama on the way.
On his return to South Australia after more than a year's absence, he lectured at the Bible Christian Church, whose views on baptism were similar to his own, at their chapel in Franklin Street (later known as Maughan Church).
A dispute arose in the church, and Hussey and others broke away, and for a time met in J. L. Young's schoolroom on Gawler Place.
The nature of the controversy is not known, but a common source of disagreement was the use of certain musical instruments in church: some arguing that only activities mentioned in Scripture were allowed, others that what is not forbidden may be permissible.
He was one of many Protestant leaders who decried the failure of the Marriage Bill before the House in December 1866, its failure being applauded by the Catholic hierarchy.
He once declared himself a candidate for public office (Encounter Bay in 1875) but dropped out after faring poorly at a public debate.
In January 1867, with the health of pastor Thomas Playford failing, Hussey accepted the position of his assistant at the Bentham Street Church.
In 1873, following the death of Playford, Hussey took over the pulpit, which he managed without financial reward until 27 January 1891, when he retired, although he did make a brief comeback in 1893 following some dissension in the congregation.
His remains were buried at West Terrace Cemetery, as were those of his wife Agnes and daughter Agnes Mary, alongside the grave of his father George Ernest and his wife Catharine (so spelled), and may be viewed here and here.
Authorised by the Angas family, it used information from Hussey's diary as well as Angas's papers, selected and passed to Hodder by Hussey.
George Edward Hussey (7 November 1792 – 8 September 1842), born in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, married Catherine Burt (c. 1793 – 8 June 1874) on 14 February 1821 in London.
Bakole made his professional debut on 25 March 2014, scoring a second-round technical knockout (TKO) victory over Cecil Smith at the Emperors Palace in Kempton Park, Gauteng, South Africa.
After compiling a record of 9–0 (6 KO), he faced undefeated Ali Baghouz (10–0–1) on 11 November 2017 at the Royal Highland Centre in Edinburgh, with the vacant IBO Continental heavyweight title on the line.
He successfully defended the title in his next fight with a first-round TKO against DL Jones (8–1–1) on 23 June 2018 at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow.
He next fought former Olympian and cruiserweight world title challenger Michael Hunter (14–1) for the vacant IBO Inter-Continental heavyweight title on 13 October 2018 at the York Hall, London.
The first few rounds were evenly contested with Bakole walking his American opponent down while Hunter remained on the back foot, utilising movement and picking his moments to throw combinations.
Towards the end of the seventh, Bakole landed a powerful right hand that stunned Hunter, causing the former cruiserweight to hold in the clinch.
Hunter, now looking fatigued and suffering a cut to the right eye, had his mouth piece knocked out in the eighth by a clean right hand.
After injuring his right shoulder in the eighth, Bakole was reluctant to throw the right hand in the ninth, instead choosing to work behind the jab.
The end came in the tenth and final round; with Hunter landing powerful shots with more frequency, a left hook sent Bakole stumbling – not for the first time during the round – towards the corner.
After a barrage of unanswered punches, referee Phil Edwards waved off the fight with 41 seconds of the round remaining, handing Bakole the first defeat of his professional career.
Following his loss to Hunter, Bakole fought former heavyweight world title challenger Mariusz Wach (33–4) on 6 April 2019 at the Spodek Arena in Katowice, Poland, with the vacant Republic of Poland International heavyweight title up for grabs.
Towards the end of the fifth, Bakole landed several punches to his opponent's head, leaving Wach on unsteady legs as he walked back to his corner.
Bakole came back in the seventh to repeat his performance of previous rounds, putting together combinations and landing punches to the head of Wach.
The end came in the eighth when referee Robert Gortat waved off the fight after Wach was on the receiving end of a flurry of twelve unanswered punches.
Following a first-round TKO win over Ytalo Perea (11–4–2) in August, Bakole was scheduled to face Gabriel Enguema on 19 October 2019 at the Utilita Arena, Newcastle.
In what was a one-sided affair, Bakole won by fifth-round TKO in a scheduled eight-round bout after referee Ron Kearney waved off the fight following Johnson being on the receiving end of several unanswered punches, handing the durable veteran boxer the third stoppage defeat of his career.
James R. Venable was (January 15, 1901January 18, 1993) was a white supremacist Georgia lawyer and Mayor of Stone Mountain, Georgia from 1946 to 1949.
He established the Klan national faction National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in 1963, which he led for 25 years.
In 1870s, Venable's ancestors purchased properties which consisted of a quarry, Pine Mountain, Arabia Mountain, and Stone Mountain, a large rock inselberg.
He won acquittal for a black accused of murder and later won an appeal for two Black Muslims in Louisiana convicted on charges stemming from a police raid on their mosque.
At the age of 13, Venable attended the 1915 revival of the KKK on top of Stone Mountain, alongside his uncle.
Ivan Ivanovich Dolgikh (Russian: Иван Иванович Долгих) (13 July 1896-1956) was a Soviet police officer and an administrator in the gulag and one of the officials held responsible for the Nazino affair, an outbreak of cannibalism by starving prisoners.
Dolgikh was born in Barnaul, the son of a worker, his education ended when he was sent to do manual work in a workshop, at 11, only barely literate.
After his release, he returned to his old trade as a tin smith, but rejoined the Red Army for the final campaign of the civil war, against the army of Baron Wrangel in the Crimea.
He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1920, and was recruited to the political police, or Ogpu, in Altai region in the same year.
In 1931, during the collectivisation of agriculture, when hundreds of thousands of peasants who classed as Kulaks, or who resisted being forced to join collective farms, were rounded up and deported to Siberia, Dolgikh was appointed head of the Western Siberia Department of Special Settlements, in charge of 300,000 deportees..
The area he controlled was divided into thirty administrative districts, the most northerly of which was Alexandro-Vakhovskaya, an area of about 50,000 square kms (19,000 square miles) straddling the Ob River, accessible only by riverboat from May to October.
Unable to cope with the numbers, the Ogpu deposited about 6,000 deportees on Nazino, an island on the Ob river, with inadequate food.
After a second commission had been sent in October to investigate the affair, Dolgikh received a 'severe reprimand', while other, more junior officers were arrested.
In 1935, he led an unprecedented mass climb up Belukha Mountain, the highest peak in Altai province, at 4,620m (15,157 feet).
In April 1939, Dolgikh was appointed head of Vyatlag, one the largest labour camps in the Gulag system, which held up to 20,000 prisoners.
On September 6, 2013, Fundación General Francisco Hernández Domínguez, A.C., applied for a new permit FM station at Izúcar de Matamoros.
Matthew Edwin Moldover (born April 24, 1980) known as Moldover is a musician and instrument designer based in San Francisco, CA.
He is known for his fusion of music and technology which he synthesizes through a variety of inventions including the Mojo, Robocaster, Octamasher and Guitar Wing.
He earned a degree in electronic music composition in 2002, and then moved to New York City to play in a variety of bands.
He soon transitioned to a focus on solo performance; a 2003 visit to Burning Man Festival in Nevada led to him moving to San Francisco in 2008.
Moldover said that he wanted to create the Robocaster as a more tactile and less sample-based instrument that allows for more traditional musicianship combined with advanced FX tweaking and midi integration.
Moldover has worked with many artists in helping to design custom gear or optimizing performance potential including Mickey Hart and the Grateful Dead, Bassnectar, DJ Shadow and others.
Aneesha was noticed by director Bill McAdams during her performance in Infidel and was then announced as the main lead in Hollywood film Bully High.
He played at representative level for Great Britain (Under-24s), and at club level for Hensingham ARLFC and Whitehaven R.L.F.C., as a , and he is a member of Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Dalton was found dead in Crow Park, Whitehaven on 8 November 2016, after people had been searching for him for two days.
In a suicide note to his family, Dalton referenced the toll of both physical and mental health issues as well as having broken up with his on-and-off partner of ten years, Gail Lamb.
Each earbud also comes equipped with volume and track controls, which allows users to use the earbuds independent of each other or together.
This H1 chip allows for compatible Apple devices (see below) to be able to use certain features such as a stronger connection and faster pairing.
The Powerbeats Pro can automatically sync through Apple's iCloud service allowing users to switch audio sources to other supported devices connected by the same Apple ID.
In addition, the included charging case will allow for users to gain an additional 1.5 hours of playback with only 5 minutes of charging.
Powerbeats Pro are compatible with any device that supports Bluetooth 4.0 or higher, including Android devices, although certain features such as automatic switching between devices are only available on Apple devices using iCloud.
Each set of AirPods, Beats earphones, or Beats headphones purchased from Apple will come with one year of hardware repair coverage through its limited warranty.
The egg and wine diet is a fad diet that was popularized in 1964 and revived in 2018 on social media platforms.
For breakfast one egg and a glass of wine are taken, for lunch two eggs and another glass and for dinner a steak and the rest of the bottle of wine.
Medical experts have warned against the diet as it is nutritionally unbalanced, unsustainable and in the long run will do more harm than good.
is a song by Argentine singer Lali featuring boyband CNCO, released as the second single from her upcoming fourth studio album.
Written by Lali, Brasa, Yoel Henriquez, Pablo Preciado, along with its producers Jowan Espinosa and Rolo, the song was released on November 8, 2019 through Sony Music Argentina.
In the clip, Lali portrays the love interest for each of the CNCO members, with each scene telling a different story.
The Church and Santa Casa da Misericórdia was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1938.
Arizona sentencing laws make the prison term dependent on several factors such as the age of the victim or the criminal record of the offender.
Sexual assault describes rape in the law of Colorado, and several factors make this crime, normally classified as class 3 felony, to be punished more harshly.
Of note, the offense of capital sexual battery recover cases where the offender is above 18 and the victim below 12.
In Georgia, the offense of rape is consolidated in only one offense, and a separate charge of sodomy has been defined.
In Indiana, there is only one separate disposition for the crime of rape, on which, if needed, are applied aggravating circumstances.
In Maryland, rape, divided into two degrees, is restricted to non-consented vaginal penetration while sexual offenses, divided in four degrees, include sexual acts in the two first degrees, here defined by any forced penetration.
In Oregon, both rape and sodomy are divided in three degrees, and the crime of Unlawful Sexual Penetration is divided in two degrees.
In Rhode Island, the three degrees of Sexual Assault and the first degree of Child Molestation Sexual Assault are relevant to this article.
In Washongton, there is three degrees for the offenses of Rape and Rape of a Child, and two degrees for Sexual Misconduct with a Minor.
In Wisconsin, main sex offenses, denominated Sexual Assault, are divided in four degrees, and the three first degrees cover cases of penetration.
In Wyoming, rape, demoninated there Sexual Assault, is divided in three degrees, and statutory rape, demoninated Sexual Abuse of a Minor, is divided in four degrees, the three first involving penetration.
In the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the offense of Sexual assault is divided in four degrees, of which the three first involve penetration.
In the American Virgin Islands, the offense of rape is divided in three degrees, and a separate offense of Aggravated rape is further divided in two degrees.
Industries of particular importance are shipbuilding, boat building, maritime transport, aquaculture, mariculture, commercial fishing, seafood processing, offshore wind power and various forms of tourism.
The Ship and Ocean Industries R&D Center (SOIC), founded in 1976 as the United Ship Design and Development Center (USDDC), plays an important role in supporting Taiwan’s maritime industries.
The Yacht Industry Department of SOIC is the only government supported R&D center for yacht materials and design in the world.
In 1957 the US based Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation established the Ingalls Taiwan Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, which subsequently rented the TSBC shipyard and produced 14 vessels between 1957 and 1962.
The Government prioritized shipbuilding as one of the core industries of the economy, in 1973 they established the China Shipbuilding Corporation which was merged with TSBC in 1978.
In 2008 the ship and boat building industry had a production value of 2.09b USD with CSBC accounting for 54% of production, small and medium yards 22% and yacht builders 16%.
Between 1986 and 1992 the New Taiwan Dollar appreciated 58% against the US Dollar which made Taiwanese built yachts significantly less competitive in the US market.
In 2018 Taiwan was the fourth largest yacht building nation by feet of yacht built after Italy, The Netherlands and Turkey.
The Taiwanese ornamental fish and shrimp industry is significant with more than 250 commercial operations, ~200 of them with operations in Pingtung County.
Taiwan’s overseas fishing fleet has been criticized for a history of abuse and a lack of protection for migrant laborers, often from Southeast Asia.
The first offshore wind farms in Taiwan, Formosa 1 Offshore Wind Farm, started its commercial operation in April 2017 at off the coast of Miaoli County.
25th Anniversary Reunion is a live album by the Dave Brubeck Quartet recorded in 1976 at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan (with one track from a later performance in Indiana) and released by the Horizon label.
As the nation took charge of managing its own affairs, it continued to develop the goals and means necessary for a financial structure conducive to the economic growth observed today.
Critical to the transition of Malaysia from a low-income country to one of high-income status has been the expansion of its economy.
As the nation opens up to trade and investment, the World Bank and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) continue to assist with its development.
Malaysia joined the World Bank following its independence in March 7, 1958, following a resolution to first join the International Monetary Fund.
Although the growth of the Malaysian economy has been significant, it still trails relative to regional and national competitors of a similar nature.
These funds were commissioned for the Cameron Highlands District, approximately 100 miles of Kuala Lumpur, as a part of a comprehensive plan to develop energy infrastructure.
The hydroelectric power station created as a result of the loan channeled the several local waterways that flowed through the plateau-region.
Throughout the 1990’s Malaysia continued to receive World Bank loans meant to assist the state’s development and diversify the growth of its predominantly agricultural and commodity-based economy.
Although Malaysia was afflicted by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, its economy bounced back with an average growth rate of 5.4% and is on a current upward trajectory.
Malaysia's resilience to the financial crises and successive growth was attributed to the presence of well established foreign banks, among these HSBC and Standard Chartered.
The presence of foreign banks allowed the state to develop comprehensive data sets regarding the local economy, to the benefit of Malaysian domestic banks.
Creation of the office was underpinned by the sentiment that increasing the access to important information in the region would lead to greater economic growth.
The organization works to share keys to Malaysia success with emerging and developing markets transitioning from poverty, to propagate development policy research in tandem with other research institutions and to guide Malaysia rise to a high-income economy.
The Knowledge and Research Hub works in tandem with the Development Economics (DEC) Research Group and Indicators Group, also a part of the WBG.
It is meant to use information flow from external actors and its RASs along with information it sends out to understand labor market policy and public spending influences.
The bond has identified as a [[Climate Finance]] tool for cities and [[Low-carbon economy|low-carbon]] infrastructure projects meant to stimulate private sector investment.
These bonds will typically incentivize the relevant stakeholders to utilize them, in contrast with use of regular bonds that my not offer the same lending terms.
The creation of the sukuk expects to build on the growth of sustainable investment asset use in Malaysia and its near abroad.
In addressing the state of poverty in Malaysia, the government has turned to the lower 40% tier who remain vulnerable to economic disturbance.
Malaysia seeks to address poverty at the micro-level and has produced a New Economic Model and framework in the Tenth Malaysia and Eleventh Malaysia Plans to address this.
Hensingham ARLFC were elected to enter the Kingstone Press National Conference league in 2019 along with two other teams Heworth A.R.L.F.C.
They got the nod over other strong contenders Nottingham Outlaws and Walney Central ARLFC, Gloucestershire All Golds, Cutsyke Raiders, Distington A.R.L.F.C and East Hull A.R.L.F.C.
They will be the fourth West Cumbrian club to be accepted into membership of the Conference, joining town rivals Kells A.R.L.F.C., And fellow West Cumbrian rivals Wath Brow and Egremont form the 2019 season.
In the Under-16 cup, it was Hensingham who ran out 26-20 winners to lift the West Cumbria Youth League trophy after a tight game with town rivals Kells.
Founded in 1900 and has a long of providing many sportsmen through the delivery of coaching for young people in area.
Van den Hende played professionally in several European cities before she moved to the United States in 1890, and to New York in 1892.
Van den Hende was a guest soloist with the New York Symphony Orchestra, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the Metropolitan Opera.
She was a member of the New York Ladies' Trio with violinist Dora Valesca Becker and various pianists between 1895 and 1900, and with Rossi Gisch and Hllda Newman after 1900.
It is an affiliate of the South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ), which is part of the World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ).
Jocelyn Hellig, professor of religious studies and one of the best-known interpreters of South African Judaism, described the Progressive community as conservative in religious practice.
This was also given as an explanation for the relatively modest presence of Masorti Judaism in the country (Hellig 1987; Shain 2011).
In 1993 there were divisions in Johannesburg's Progressive community when Beit Emanuel's congregational rabbi, Ady Asabi declared that it and the Imanu-Shalom congregations would become independent and Masorti synagogues, breaking with the SAUPJ and Progressive Judaism.
Today the synagogue has moved away from the formality of conventional Reform Judaism and instead concentrates on prayers (ancient and modern) that encourage greater congregant participation .
She has been living in Botnang since the 1960s und has so far written almost 400 songs, setting to music both her own and other authors' lyrics.
Since 2003, Gerda Herrman has been a founding member as well as deputy chairwoman of the Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik, which publishes anthologies featuring texts by young people.
The first anthology was published already before founding of the society, using parts of the proceeds from a benefit concert that showcased some of Herrmann's songs in the white hall of the New Palace in Stuttgart in 1999.
The anthologies have been accepted to be recorded in the archive for children's texts of Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg and contain texts of different genres and styles.
It is held annually in November at the Halifax Curling Club in Halifax, Nova Scotia (the club was founded in 1824).
Glenn Howard himself was away coaching the Scottish women's team at the 2018 European Curling Championships, so his son, Scott skipped the team to the inaugural championship in 2018.
He later served as administrative deputy minister of national defense under Chen Li-an, then was elected to the third convocation of the National Assembly in 1996.
In July 2016, the Taipei District Prosecutors' Office charged Luo with embezzlement, and a violation of the Political Donations Act, by accepting money from , a member of the national committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, during Luo's tenure as head of the Chinese Huangpu Four Seas Alliance Association.
A total of NT$10 million was paid in four transactions, in 2008, 2010, and 2012, and three of the payments were traced to Xu.
The prosecutors' investigation into Luo found that he deposited all of the payments into direct deposit accounts belonging to him and his wife, then moved three remittances into an account owned by Chinese Huangpu Four Seas Alliance Association.
The Taipei District Court ruled on the case in December 2019, sentencing Luo to five concurrent terms of imprisonment, one term each for the four political donations, and the fifth for embezzlement.
Mara Tekach, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service (rank of Minister Counselor), is the Chargé d’Affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Havana, Cuba.
Tekach earned a Bachelor of Science in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, a Masters of Arts in International Affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University and a Doctor of Education from Teachers College, Columbia University.
Immediately prior to her post in Cuba, she served as Deputy Assistant Secretary (DAS) for Public Diplomacy for the Department of State’s Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
Other posts include DAS for Professional and Cultural Exchanges at the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) and Deputy Director of Communications at the United States Mission to the United Nations in New York.
The week before, the embassy posted a video on Twitter showing Tekach with Nelva Ismarays Ortega who is a partner of Ferrer and leader of Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU), described as the country’s most active opposition organization.
American Secretary of State Mike Pompeo condemned the accusations stating the US would continue to speak out against the treatment of human rights activists in Cuba and that this was an attempted distraction from their treatment of Ferrer.
He was elected Mayor of Crotone leading a centre-left coalition at the 2006 Italian local elections, and took office on 13 June 2006.
Nehemiah 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 22nd chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
This part records the several lists of priests and Levites to document the genuineness of the Jewish community and its religious authority, in order to give legitimacy in this postexilic community.
The list starts with those returning with Zerubbabel in the first wave at the time of the Persian king, Cyrus (verses 1–9), which quite different from Ezra 2.
The last part of this chapter focuses on the priests and Levites who help people worship God in the Temple, as their needs were taken care by the same people.
David was mentioned twice, indicating that the people were emulating the traditions established since the time ‘God directed David to establish the Temple’.
Verse 47 also confirms that the pattern of bringing food for Temple workers was already observed from the time of Zerubbabel when the Temple was rebuilt, and consistently practiced until the time of Nehemiah.
This explains the anger of Nehemiah a few years later when he heard the people stopped providing the needs of th Temple workers (Nehemiah 13:10–13).
The manufacturer can provide its low-weight version, mounting an autocannon of up to 40mm, or an ultralight version of the mounting, suitable for mounting machine guns or automatic grenade launchers on small patrol boats.
19-5288, is a pending case before the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit involving materials gathered by a grand jury empaneled by Special Counsel Robert Mueller used in the Special Counsel investigation.
On December 13, 2019, the D.C Circuit’s panel of Rogers, Griffith, and Rao ordered briefing to address whether the House Judiciary Committee has Article III standing.
On December 16, 2019, House General Counselor Douglas Letter filed a brief outlining the importance of obtaining the grand jury materials.
Circuit ordered the parties involved to file supplemental briefing by December 23, 2019 addressing whether articles of impeachment render the case moot and whether expedited consideration is still necessary.
On December 23, 2019 the House Judiciary Committee and Justice Department filed supplemental briefing explaining their positions on standing and mootness.
It was caused by an incident at the finals of the 1972 world men's curling championship, the 1972 Air Canada Silver Broom in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
Judge Dredd is a law enforcement and judicial officer in the dystopian future city of Mega-City One, which covers most of the east coast of North America.
In Great Britain, the character of Dredd and his name are sometimes invoked in discussions of police states, authoritarianism, and the rule of law.
Joseph Dredd is the most famous of the Street Judges that patrol Mega-City One, empowered to instantly convict, sentence, and sometimes execute offenders.
In an early story, Dredd is forced to remove his helmet and the other characters react as if he is disfigured, but his face was covered by a faux censorship sticker.
In prog 52, during Dredd's tenure on the Lunar Colonies, he uses a 'face-change' machine to impersonate the crooked lawyer of a gang of bank robbers.
Therefore Dredd was 38 when he first appeared, but is now years old, with years of active service (2079–2142), and for almost 30 years Dredd's age and fitness for duty were recurring plot points (in prog 1595 (2008), Dredd was diagnosed with benign cancer of the duodenum).
The Lawgiver is a self-loading handgun featuring manual and automatic focusing and targeting, plus a built in computer capable of controlling its operation.
Senior Judge Joseph Dredd and his brother Rico Dredd were cloned from the DNA of Chief Judge Fargo, the first Chief Judge, in 2066.
Their growth was artificially accelerated to an apparent physiological age of 5, with all the appropriate knowledge for their age electronically implanted in their brains during gestation.
As cadets during the Atomic Wars of 2070, they were temporarily made full judges to restore order to the panic-stricken streets.
On several occasions he saved his city from conquest or destruction by powerful enemies, and in 2114 he saved the entire world during the Fourth World War.
In 2116, he risked 20 years' imprisonment with hard labour when he challenged the policy of a chief judge; and in 2129, he threatened to resign to persuade another chief judge to change the city's harsh anti-mutant apartheid laws.
The polar bear falls in love with the seal, but the fearful seal constantly misinterprets his romantic advances as a strong desire to eat him.
The film was written and directed by Kazuya Ichikawa, with Yō Yamada in charge of sound direction and Scenario Art providing the theme song.
The album includes previously unreleased music from artists such as Burial, Scratcha DVA, and Ikonika, and was released as a video game cartridge bundled with a limited edition of Analogue's Mega Sg, a remake of the Sega Genesis.
Paul Desmond is a posthumous live album by saxophonist Paul Desmond recorded in 1975 at the Bourbon Street jazz club in Toronto, Canada and released on the Artists House label in 1978.
The results came out not on A&M/Horizon but on producer John Snyder's tiny Artists House label, so this will be hard to find.
The next Castilian-Manchegan regional election will be held no later than Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 11th Cortes of the Autonomous Community of Castilla–La Mancha.
The Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha are the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Castilian-Manchegan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Junta of Communities.
Voting for the Cortes is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in Castilla–La Mancha and in full enjoyment of their political rights.
The 33 members of the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency.
Seats are allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo, with each being allocated an initial minimum of three seats and the remaining 18 being distributed in proportion to their populations.
The previous election was held on 26 May 2019, setting the election date for the Cortes on Sunday, 28 May 2023.
Any snap election held as a result of these circumstances will not alter the period to the next ordinary election, with elected deputies merely serving out what remains of their four-year terms.
In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats is to be deemed automatically elected.
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates.
Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication.
The Mahshahr massacre () refers to the mass killing of protesters in the city of Mahshahr, Iran, which occurred between 16 November and 20 November 2019, during the 2019 Iranian protests.
Protests erupted across Iran on 15 November 2019, after the government announced a sudden gasoline price hike, spreading to more than 100 cities nationwide.
Internet inside the country was completely shutdown by the government on 16 November which made reporting on the details nearly impossible.
Security forces started the crackdown in Mahshahr on 16 November, and also attempted to suppress protests between 16 to 18 November in the suburbs of Sarbandar and Jarahi.
Initial reports from Mahshahr suggested that over 130 protesters had been killed by security forces in the three days of fighting.
On 17 December 2019, an official from the province of Khuzestan told reports at IranWire that a total of 148 protesters had lost their lives during five days of protests in Mahshahr.
On 18 January 2020, the U.S. State Department sanctioned Brigadier General Hassan Shahvarpour, as being responsible for the Massacre of Mahshahr.
It was caused by an incident at the finals of the 1972 world men's curling championship, the 1972 Air Canada Silver Broom in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
The Taiwan Design Center (TDC; ) is an art organization based in Songshan Cultural and Creative Park, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan.
In addition to the Industrial Development Bureau, the Taiwan Design Center has also worked with the Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Economic Affairs.
Connecticut Ice is an annual ice hockey event celebrating the tradition and progress of youth and amateur hockey in the state of Connecticut.
The 3-day event is headlined by a 4-team tournament with participation from all of the state's four Division I programs: Connecticut, Quinnipiac, Sacred Heart and Yale.
The 3-day event will include youth tournaments from various levels of junior ice hockey and organizers were quick to dispel any correlation with the long-established Beanpot Tournament held in Boston.
While organizers may be loathe to accept comparisons to other tournaments they would be, no doubt, thrilled if Connecticut Ice could establish itself on the same footing as other in-season championships.
Jim Hall/Red Mitchell is a live album by guitarist Jim Hall and bassist Red Mitchell recorded at Sweet Basil Jazz Club in 1978 and released by the Artists House label.
Born in England, he emigrated to the United States at the age of 13, and was taken under the care of two Catholic women in Philadelphia, which led to his conversion to Catholicism soon thereafter.
He entered the Society of Jesus in 1875, and studied theology at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, where he was ordained a priest.
Upon his return to the United States, he became a professor at Boston College, before being named President of Boston College in 1907.
As president, he initiated the college's relocation from the South End of Boston to a new campus in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts that he purchased.
His tenure came to an end in 1914, and he moved first to Maryland and then to Georgetown University, where he served as graduate dean for sociology for nine years.
He then briefly led to Manresa Institute on Staten Island, before being stationed at Loyola College in Montreal, where he died in 1930.
His ancestry on his father's side was French Huguenot, while that on his mother's side was a longtime family of Kent, which produced several rectors of St. Nicholas Church in Sevenoaks.
Though he had intended to live in Philadelphia with his older brother, he was taken under the care of two Catholic women.
They had him instructed in the Catholic faith, and in October 5, 1874, he was formally received into the Catholic Church at the Chapel of the Holy Family in Philadelphia (later known as the Church of the Gesú).
While preparing to be ordained a priest, he was sent to teach at St. Francis Xavier College in New York City.
The following year, he continued his theological studies, and also served as chaplain at a charitable institution in the city of Innsbruck.
He taught poetry to students in Frederick, Maryland for two years, before beginning his study of ascetical theology for one year.
Just two months after his inauguration, he suggested to the Jesuit provincial superior that Boston College might inquire into purchasing a tract of land, including the farm of Amos Adams Lawrence, on Commonwealth Avenue near the Brighton neighborhood of Boston and relocate the school from the South End.
In furtherance of this goal, he announced to alumni in May 1907 that he aimed to relocate the college and construct a new campus; this would require $10 million.
On November 11, 1907, the Boston College board of trustees settled on a specific parcel of land in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, and voted to purchase it.
Construction of the building was slow and inhibited by lack of funds; as a result, Gasson sold a portion of the land previously purchased, to finance the building.
After several months, he was transferred to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., where he worked various jobs, including serving as the graduate dean of sociology from 1914 to 1923.
In the summer of 1920, he was sent to Rome to represent the Jesuit Maryland-New York Province at the provincial congregation.
He then briefly returned to Georgetown before becoming the rector of the Manresa Institute, a Jesuit retreat house on Staten Island in New York City.
Pouya Bakhtiari () was an Iranian protester who was shot and killed on 16 November 2019 in Karaj during the 2019 Iranian protests.
Manuchehr Bakhtiari, Pouya's father, who served for five years in the Iran–Iraq War announced that his son had died on 16 November 2019 in Mehrshahr due to a gunshot wound to the skull.
According to him, Pouya was accompanied by his mother on the second day of the 2019 Iranian protests in Mehrshahr and was pronounced dead before he reached the hospital.
On the day of his death, Pouya Bakhtiari recorded a series of videos on his phone from protests during the day and continuing in to the night which were widely circulated after his death.
After the original release of the video by BBC Persian, the entire video was released by Masih Alinejad, which made apparent that that the BBC had censored part of the original video.
It is situated in Birkenhead Lake Provincial Park, north of Pemberton, and south of Mount Gandalf, which is its nearest higher peak.
The names for nearby Mount Aragorn, Mount Gandalf, and Mount Shadowfax were taken from fictional characters in his books, which were read while waiting out stormy weather during the 1972 first ascents of those mountains.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Ripps is most known for the textural density, heavy layering of materials, and heightened canvases in his work, often produced with high volumes of oil paint and incorporation of artificial leaves and metals, among other materials.
Ripps was also mentioned in Warhol's journals and appeared as a guest on the talk show Andy Warhol's TV Early in his career, Ripps worked in construction as a source of supplemental income.
Ripps' paintings are often supplemented with artificial leaves made of linen, often bound together and worked over heavily with thick layers of oil paint.
Ripps' work has retrospectively been defined by art historians as an unspoken influence of Julian Schnabel, a sentiment echoed by Ripps himself.
The Olema Valley Dairy Ranches Historic District is one of six Point Reyes sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
The district includes 19 of the working ranches in the area from Point Reyes Station to Bolinas and includes more than 14,000 acres.
The Thad Jones Mel Lewis Quartet is a live album by the Thad Jones Mel Lewis Quartet recorded in 1977 in Miami and released on the Artists House label in 1978.
Spirit of Saigon is a mixed-use development currently under construction consisting of a podium and two high-rise towers in Ho Chi Minh City.
The West Tower is tall and will hold office spaces in the lower half and a Ritz-Carlton Hotel in the upper half.
The podium beneath will include 58,400sqm of retail space and will have an underground connection to the Ben Thanh Metro Station, the central terminus of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro.
She was demoted from her position to assistant librarian in 1910 with The Kansas City Journal saying her position should be held by a man, an opinion supported by the local Board of Education.
She was replaced by Purd Wright—who had come back to Missouri after one year at the head of Los Angeles Public Library—and was terminated in 1912.
Dato' Rohana binti Yusuf (Jawi: روحانا بنت يوسف; born 9 May 1956) is the eleventh President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia (PCA).
She later obtained a Diploma in Syariah Law and Legal Practice (DSLP) and Master of Comparative Laws (MCL) from the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in 1992 and 1993 respectively.
Yusuf's career in the Legal and Judicial Services began in 1980 when she became an Assistant Parliamentary Draftsman at the Drafting Division of the Attorney General’s Chambers.
She would serve in this capacity for around four years before being made Senior Federal Counsel at the Attorney General’s Chambers in 1986.
Post-retirement in 1997, she joined the private sector as Legal Adviser and Company Secretary at Kumpulan UCM Industrial Corporation Berhad (UCM Group Industrial Corporation Limited) and at International Bank Malaysia Berhad (International Bank Malaysia Limited).
Immediately prior to joining the judiciary, she was deputy director of Islamic Banking and Takaful Department, Central Bank of Malaysia between 2001 and 2005.
Yusuf's career in the judiciary began when she was appointed as a judicial commissioner of the High Court of Malaya at Kuala Lumpur on 1 September 2005.
On 8 January 2013, Yusuf was promoted as a judge of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia, the second highest court in Malaysia.
Having served in the Court of Appeal for more than five years, Yusuf, on 27 April 2018, was appointed as a judge of the Federal Court of Malaysia, the apex court in the country.
Following Ahmad Maarop's mandatory retirement, Yusuf was designated by the CJ, Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, on 25 November 2019 to exercise the powers and perform the duties of the PCA.
On 5 December 2019, Yusuf was sworn-in as Ahmad Maarop's successor as PCA following the latter's mandatory retirement in November and received her instrument of appointment from the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia).
He has been awarded by Bollywood superstar Aamir Khan for his script 'Ishqlogy' at Cinestaan India's Storyteller's Script Contest in 2018.
Apart from these, Rajdweep has a career in professional journalism and he is working as senior sub-editor of a vernacular daily called 'Assamiya Khabar'.
Prince August Fredrik zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (), known professionally as August Wittgenstein, (born 22 January 1981) is a German-Swedish actor and member of the princely House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg.
Wittgenstein was born on 22 January 1981 in Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia and is a member of the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, an old German noble family.
He is the younger son of Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Countess Yvonne Wachtmeister af Johannishus, a member of the Swedish nobility.
They are often represented within the distinguished Small Shelly Fauna (SSF) group because of their minuscule size-from only a few millimeters long, and because of their overt mineralized skeletons.
Little is still known about the animal due to limited fossil collections; there are currently 27 known collections from China according to Fossilworks.
The sclerite that sits on top of the surface of the adapicle portion contains a simple, rugged array of 5-6 small, protruding bumps; the posterior region's sclerite carries along an alternating array of 10-14 spines.
Considering they were slow-moving creatures, they were more vulnerable to larger and faster predators and had to rely on the habitual exploitation of their surrounding environment.
The DeGoogle movement is a grassroots campaign that has spawned as privacy activists urge users to stop using Google products entirely due to growing privacy concerns.
As the growing market share of the internet giant creates monopolistic power for the company in digital spaces, increasing numbers of journalists have noted the difficulty to find alternatives to the company's products.
Gizmodo journalist Kashmir Hill claims that she missed meetings and had difficulties organizing meet ups without the use of Google Calendar.
In 2019, Huawei gave a refund to phone owners in the Philippines who were inhibited from using services provided by Google because so few alternatives exist that the absence of the company's products made normal internet use unfeasible.
Great Park Ice & FivePoint Arena is a 2,500 seat (FivePoint Arena) 4 rink (3 NHL and 1 Olympic) ice hockey facility in Irvine, California.
As one of The Rinks facilities Great Park Ice offers Youth and Adult Hockey, Learn to Skate Lessons, Figure skating, and also Public Skating.
Hong Kong Art Today () was an exhibition held at the Hong Kong City Hall Museum and Art Gallery from 25 May to 4 July 1962.
Apart from the usual practice of inviting participating artists, the event also incorporated an open call for submissions, which caught the attention of the local art scene.
The City Hall Museum and Art Gallery (later renamed Hong Kong Museum of Art in 1975) was housed in the High Block of the newly built Hong Kong City Hall, a modernist building by the waterfront of Central, Hong Kong.
Though it was an exhibition mounted in a museum setting, the artworks were for sale, with prices marked in the catalogue.
The City Hall Museum and Art Gallery acquired some of the works and formed the foundation of its Hong Kong art collection.
As an established figure in the 1950s, and appointed an adviser to the newly established museum, his failure stirred up a storm in the local art circle, especially when Chan decided to make the rejection public to air his frustrations and address the problems of the exhibition.
Chan's trials in abstraction came across as a failure, and his next artistic breakthrough did not come until a decade later.
Cyclone Belna was a strong tropical cyclone that made landfall over northwestern Madagascar in December 2019, becoming the first to do so since Hellen in 2014.
Belna's precursor—an initially broad trough of low pressure west of Seychelles—was formally designated as a zone of disturbed weather on 2 December during a favourable period for tropical cyclogenesis in the Indian Ocean.
Météo-France (MFR) upgraded the system to a tropical depression on 5 December and then to a tropical storm later that day.
Belna reached tropical cyclone strength on 7 December as it began to turn towards the southwest, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) before fluctuating in intensity over the following day as it passed just east of Mayotte.
On 9 December, Belna restrengthened and reattained its peak winds upon making landfall near Soalala along the northwestern coast of Madagascar.
MFR began highlighting the potential for tropical cyclone development in their daily bulletins on 25 November, noting an increase in shower activity west of Seychelles.
Aided by the passage of a Kelvin wave and a favourable window in the Madden–Julian oscillation, a broad trough of low pressure began to take shape within the storm activity, extending across the equator.
Projections from computer models remained in disagreement over the system's future, complicated by the concurrent development of a tropical disturbance in the northwestern Indian Ocean along the same trough.
Météo-France declared the system as a zone of disturbed weather on 2 December; at the time the system had drifted west from its point of origin.
Although the storm was better organised and the environment conducive for intensification, the storm's wind field initially remained elongated and rainfall remained north of the storm's centre.
The disturbance became a tropical depression on 5 December, attended by an increase in rainbands and the return of convection at the centre of circulation; at 18:00 UTC that day, the system was upgraded to Moderate Tropical Storm Belna.
Due to a strengthening area of high pressure to its east, Belna began to curve from its initial westward drift to a more directed southwestward trajectory.
After a brief period of strengthening, Belna's central dense overcast remained largely unchanged throughout 6 December before signs of resumed intensification emerged by the day's end, followed by the development of another eye across.
Hot towers were detected atop and within the storm's radius of maximum winds, suggesting the onset of a more accelerated rate of intensification.
However, the presence of dry air in the mid-levels of the troposphere towards the storm's southeastern quadrant prevented Belna from developing considerably.
At 18:00 UTC on 7 December, Belna's winds topped out at 155 km/h (100 mph) before fluctuating at a slightly lower strength over the ensuing day.
The cyclone's structure varied considerably throughout 8 December, at times featuring a small eye surrounded by intense lightning activity and at other times degrading in response to an intrusion of dry air into the Belna's circulation.
Belna's strength was highly variable in part due to its small size, making it susceptible to changes in the local atmospheric environment and complicating forecasts.
On 9 December, a new phase of intensification began as Belna approached the Madagascar coast near Soalala, with an eye becoming apparent on visible satellite imagery.
By 12:00 UTC the next day, Belna's winds had tapered below tropical depression thresholds, though the storm retained a well-defined wind circulation with tightly packed rainbands.
MFR issued their last update on the system later that day while the centre was over Haute Matsiatra, while the remnant circulation centre associated with Belna was last noted in MFR's bulletins on 14 December.
A cyclone pre-alert was issued for Mayotte on 6 December, succeeded by an orange and later red alert the following day.
Civil security personnel from mainland France and Reunion, some from the National Gendarmerie, were sent to Mayotte to aid storm preparation efforts there.
Shelters were opened in several Mayotte communes on 7 December to facilitate mandatory evacuations declared by Mayotte Prefect Jean-François Colombet; approximately 10,000–15,000 people relocated to shelters in Mayotte.
Belna ultimately passed east of Mayotte on the morning of 9 December, with impacts on the island mitigated further by the storm's small size.
Météo Madagascar first issued green alerts for Madagascan districts in Diana, Sava, and Sofia on 4 December based on a high probability of Belna impacting northeastern Madagascar.
Accordingly, cyclone response measures were activated by the National Office for Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) and humanitarian organisations across northern Madagascar.
Green alerts were later extended to encompass five districts, and red alerts were eventually issued to all districts in Boeny and Melaky.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies initiated a Disaster Relief Emergency Fund in response to Belna on 9 December, allocating CHF146,491 to 2,500 people within at-risk areas.
Tomás Povedano de Arcos (Lucena, Spain, September 22, 1847 — San José, Costa Rica, February 29, 1943) was a Spanish painter, who spent much of his life in Costa Rica.
He studied painting in Malaga and Seville, a city where he worked as an illustrator while he was a student at the Academy of Fine Arts and taught private drawing lessons.
Her artistic career began by decorating fans, which will be revealed later in a series of flower paintings and allegorical themes.
In 1889-1891 he participated in the scientific, literary and artistic competitions of Seville and in 1889 he won a gold medal at the Universal Exhibition in Paris for a full-length portrait.
That triumph contributes to winning the contest opened by the Legation of Ecuador to create a high school of plastic arts in Cuenca.
He arrived in that South American country in 1892 and founded the Academy of Fine Arts of Cuenca and also that of Guayaquil.
He left Ecuador in 1896 to move to Mexico, but on the way he stopped in Costa Rica at the invitation of the Government.
President Rafael Yglesias Castro hires him to organize the National School of Fine Arts, which is inaugurated on March 12 of the following year in San José.
Impressed by the aborigines, Povedano painted pictures that reflect, idealized, the culture, history, art and physiognomy of the native population of America.
In 1926 he was selected - along with Enrique Echandi, Ezequiel Jiménez and Emil Span - to represent Costa Rica in the 1925 Pan American Painting Exhibition, sponsored by the Los Angeles Museum of Art and held on its premises.
He participated in the Exhibitions of Plastic Arts sponsored by the Diario de Costa Rica and was honorary president - along with Span, a German painter who also taught at the Povedano School - of the Art Center.
Among the first, is José María Castro, who Luis Guillermo Solís, after assuming the presidency in 2014, placed in his office.
He introduced watercolor in Costa Rica and showed interest in the flora of the country, painting, like Span, pictures of orchids and other native plants.
A teacher of a large number of young Costa Ricans eager to devote themselves to the plastic arts, Povedano was a clear representative of the academic style, which prevailed in the early years of development of Costa Rican painting.
A great defender of the existence of the institution he created, he manages to keep the doors of the School open even in the most pressing economic situations of the country.
He stood out in the portrait - he represented some of the most important politicians and characters of Costa Rican society - and in landscapes, customary and decorative paintings.
He was the organizer of the Costa Rican theosophical movement and founder of the Virya Lodge (between 1905 and 1915 he directed the magazine of the same name), from which he derived the Dharana, which Roberto Brenes presided.
Povedano married first the Spanish Carolina Amores - with whom she had two children, María de la Cinta and Diego - and then with the Costa Rican María Esmeralda Inés de Jesús Loria Rivera (n. 12.10.1901); from the second marriage he had a daughter, María Elena (n. 25.06.1928).
Povedano implemented academicism in the School he founded and was a consistent opponent of the new pictorial trends of the late nineteenth century and the avant-garde of the early twentieth century.
Povedano students followed the copy of plasters and drawings that were part of the collection of classical sculptures and prints that the Government had acquired for teaching.
Povedano knew how to teach and possessed a very solid knowledge of pictorial techniques, which together with the fierce discipline he imposed gave good results.
Several works by Povedano served as the basis for images that were later recorded on banknotes that circulated in Costa Rica.
The first in which a portrait made by the Spanish artist was used is that of 10 colones from 1903, issued by the Anglo Costa Rican Bank.
This portrait is the most reproduced in Costa Rican paper money: thus, it was re-engraved on the 5 colón banknotes of the National Bank of Costa Rica in the 1940s, and in others of the Central Bank in the 1950s and 1960s.
The portrait of José Rafael Gallegos, who ruled the country twice, was chosen to adorn the 1-colon bill of the Costa Rican Anglo in 1917, but it never went into circulation.
The influence of Povedano's drawings is clearly present in the image that illustrates the reverse of the 10-bank National Banknote of the F series of 1939: the engraving of the aboriginal chief is very similar to the cacique huetar that the painter made for the historical Primer of Costa Rica.
In 1938, Povedano made a pencil drawing of Juan de Cavallón (currently in the Visual Arts Collection of the Central Bank), which three years later would be reproduced by the engraver of the printing house Waterlow and Sons, London, on the ticket 20 colones of the National Bank, series E, in 1941.
In the same year and in the same bank, the 2-colon banknote, series E, was circulated, which had on its back the modified image of The Rescue of Dulcehé, an unfinished oil painting by Povedano.
The engraver of the printing house made the pertinent changes to present a finished work: he drew the characters of the figures insinuated in the original work, modified some positions of others and added background elements, as explained by Manuel Chacón, curator of numismatics in the Museums of the Central Bank.
The Ballerina is a bronze sculpture by Mike Larsen, installed in Oklahoma City's Civic Center Music Hall, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
The Secret Lives of Colour is a 2016 non-fiction book by British writer Kassia St. Clair which explores the cultural and social history of colours.
Each chapter is composed of short, two to four page, essays on different shades of its respective color, discussing an interesting aspect of science, history, art, or culture relating to the shade.
Each page is bordered by a stripe of the color it discusses for easy visual identification, even when the book is closed.
Born into a noble family, Philippe Gaultier (son of Philippe Gaultier, sieur of Rinault, and Gillette de Vernon) was born in 1641 in Comporté, near Poitiers, in France.
On May 10, 1665, a court of justice of Poitou condemned Philippe Gaultier capital punishment by contumance; this judicial case concerns the death of two people who died as a result of a brawl in which he had taken part.
Gaultier was then delegated in France to request the protection of the court; Following the intercession of the civil and religious authorities, he obtained from the king in June 1680 letters of remission on account of his honorable life.
Philippe Gaultier obtained the concession of the lordship Comporté and that of La Malbaie in 1672; the latter was bought by the king in 1724, and then granted by Governor Murray on April 27, 1762, to Malcolm Fraser and John Nairn.
Eleven children were identified of this couple: their daughter Angelique, married Denis Riverin, who was a member of the Sovereign Council and Lieutenant General of the Provost of Quebec; their daughter Marie-Anne married Alexandre Peuvret de Gaudarville, clerk of the Conseil Souverain, as a first marriage.
Horse Girl is an upcoming American drama film, directed and produced by Jeff Baena, from a screenplay by Baena and Alison Brie.
In June 2019, it was announced Alison Brie would star in the film, with Jeff Baena directing from a screenplay he wrote with Brie.
He did his early education from Lions English Medium School, Hubballi and obtained B.Com degree from J.G.College of Commerce , Hubli which is affiliated to Karnatak University, Dharwad.
The Comporté River is a tributary of the Malbaie River flowing generally southward into the territory of the town of La Malbaie in the Eastern part of the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, in Canada.
After several series of rapids, waterfalls and falls in forest area, it flows into the Malbaie River between the village of Clermont and the town of La Malbaie.
The Comporté River originates from Comporté Lake (length: , altitude: ) located on the north hydrographic slope of the Malbaie River.
The Comporté River flows on the north shore of the Malbaie River, in the town of la Malbaie, facing route 138.
He was military, lord, commissioner of the stores of the king, provost of the Maréchaussée, commissioner of the marine, born in 1641 in Comporté, near Poitiers, Philippe Gaultier, sieur of Rinault, and Gillette de Vernon, deceased in Quebec in 1687 and buried in the same place on November 22.
Nancy Abelmann (April 24, 1959 – January, 6, 2016) was an American anthropologist and Harry E. Preble Professor of anthropology, Asian American studies, and East Asian languages and cultures at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
At UIUC, she served as the Associate Vice Chancellor for Research from 2009-2016, and she served as the Director of the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies from 2005 to 2008.
An anthropologist of Korea and of Korean Americans, she studied transnational and urban studies, film studies, Asian studies, Asian American studies, education, and gender studies.
Her work, along with John Lie, Kathleen McHugh, Jung-ah Choi and So Jin Park, helped energize and shape Korean studies and Asian American studies over the past two decades.
Nancy was instrumental in the development of the Asian American Studies Program at UIUC, as well as creating the Ethnography of the University Initiative with Peter Mortensen and Bill Kelleher.
Stephen John Cunis (born 17 January 1978) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Canterbury between 1999 and 2006.
His highest score was 64 not out against Wellington in 2003-04, when he and Chris Harris added an unbroken stand of 96 for the ninth wicket.
Kevin Mahan (born August 3, 1969) is an American politician who served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 31st district from 2010 to 2019.
Shahjahanpur railway station (station code SPN) is a main railway station in Shahjahanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Her research has included studies on numerous plant families, but the majority has focused on symbiotic relationships between various fungi and member of the Orchidaceae family.
On seeing Banasena, Bhima got angered as his own son Ghatotkacha was slain by Karna and even Banansena had major role in killing unarmed Abhimanyu.
Burton was a World War II combat veteran in the Army's 334th Infantry and was awarded both the Purple Heart & Bronze Star for his service.
After the war, he earned a degree in History from University of Scranton, before earning both an MA, PhD in History from Georgetown University.
A historian of American presidents and the Progressive Era, Burton wrote over 17 books, including biographies of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., and Clara Barton.
In his work, he argued for a cross-cultural approach to the study of American history, often contextualizing notable historical figures in American history via their contemporaries.
Across his career, Burton was awarded fellowships by the American Philosophical Society, Earhart Foundation, and was also a Winston Churchill Traveling Fellow of the English-Speaking Union.
St. Joseph's University established the David H. Burton Postdoctoral Fellowship in recognition for his contribution to the History department over his fifty years as a professor there.
The area is mainly industrial, but is most known among railfans because of the diamond junction between the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Canadian National Railway.
In 1855, the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road) built a railroad line from Brookfield to Watertown, which eventually went to Portage.
A new brick building was then built, which was torn down in 1987 after an interchange track was installed connecting the two lines.
The line built by Wisconsin Central went through the ownership of various railroads before being handed to Canadian National in 2001.
The diamond junction in the center of Duplainville attracts many rail enthusiasts and railroad photographers due to around 20–25 trains that run though each line per day.
An interchange exists in the northeastern quadrant of the diamond, however the switch on the CP side was removed in 2019 due to inactivity.
WOOK-TV, officially WFAN-TV from 1968 to 1972, was a television station broadcasting on channel 14 in Washington, D.C., which operated from March 5, 1963, to February 12, 1972.
It was the first television station in the United States to orient its entire programming to an African-American audience, along the lines of co-owned WOOK radio.
Mounting license troubles for the United Broadcasting station group, economic difficulties faced by independent and UHF stations, and an inability to upgrade channel 14's facilities to be competitive in the market led to the closure of WFAN-TV on February 12, 1972.
In 1953, Richard Eaton's United Broadcasting Company, owners of WOOK AM, WFAN FM and Rockville-based WINX among other outlets in the mid-Atlantic states, filed for television channels 18 in Baltimore and 50 in Washington.
With no applications pending for channel 14 at Annapolis, Maryland, Eaton petitioned the FCC to move the channel 14 allotment to Washington, which it did in 1955; Eaton also acquired channel 14 equipment at auction from the bankrupt KACY-TV of Festus, Missouri.
In February, Eaton announced that WOOK-TV would debut with programming in the evenings only and would not feature a network affiliation or a schedule of films; in addition, Eaton, planned to build out the Baltimore construction permit as a semi-satellite of WOOK-TV.
It missed another launch date, in February, in part due to equipment issues and also because it had a problem to sort out in the Black community.
It was the District's second UHF television station, after public WETA-TV (channel 26), which had gone on the air in 1961.
Over a seven-year run on the air (though King left in a dispute with management in 1968), Teenarama hosted rising stars and famous musicians including Chubby Checker, Dee Dee Sharp and Brook Benton, as well as musical talent in town to play the Howard Theatre.
On March 1, 1967, the Baltimore station, with the call letters WMET-TV and having been moved to channel 24 in a 1961 allocation revision, began telecasting, with plans to carry 80 percent of WOOK-TV's programming.
An attempted 1971 sale of WMET-TV to the Christian Broadcasting Network never closed, and channel 24 folded on January 14, 1972.
Also in 1967, WMET-TV (moved to channel 24 in an allocation revision six years earlier), the Baltimore station, finally began broadcasting.
Early the next year, Channel 14 also added weekly hours in Italian and Spanish, and on February 14, it changed call letters from WOOK-TV to WFAN-TV, matching Eaton's other Washington station, Spanish-language FM outlet WFAN 100.3.
In 1965, even as the Federal Communications Commission gave short-term renewals to a number of Eaton-owned outlets, WOOK-TV was one of three that received a full-term renewal of its license.
In 1966, United's AM and TV stations in Washington came in for competition when two groups vied to take them over: Washington Community Broadcasting Company, led by journalist Drew Pearson and which also sought to take over the radio station, and Washington Civic Television, whose principals included WRC-TV sportscaster Jim Simpson and Lewis Shollenberger, former head of Radio Liberty in Munich.
At the next renewal cycle, in 1969, the FCC designated Washington Community's challenges alongside WOOK's and WFAN-TV's license renewals for hearing.
Washington Community had become the only challenger for channel 14 when Washington Civic Television dropped out and merged with it, bringing Truman-era Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold into its fold.
United also attempted to upgrade WFAN-TV's signal, boosting its effective radiated power to 1,265 kW from a transmitter site in Bethesda, Maryland; however, the FCC denied the move because of overlap with WMET-TV's signal.
That November, amid calls to delete channel 14 from television use in Washington and convert it to land mobile use, United found a buyer for WFAN-TV: two Milwaukee businessmen who proposed operation of channel 14 on a subscription television basis and would pay $250,000 for the channel if the FCC approved their plan.
In 1973, while the hearing examiner's initial decision found against WOOK and preferred its competing application to the renewal of that station, it found United qualified to be a licensee and recommended renewal of channel 14's (unchallenged) license.
United asked the FCC to keep the WFAN-TV license active while it tried to sell it, but the FCC said that because of the multiple and interrelated proceedings against Eaton that were likely to take years, that would simply take too long.
On April 26, 1974, the FCC ruled that both licenses should be revoked so that new applications could be accepted for Washington's channel 14 and Baltimore's channel 24.
In 1976, it was reactivated in the form of translator W14AA, relaying the Central Virginia Educational Television Corporation's WNVT from Annandale, Virginia; WNVT was licensed to rural Goldvein, Virginia, too far to the south to adequately cover the Washington suburbs.
What was to become WNVC was constructed on channel 56 instead, and on its sign-on in June 1981, W14AA was no longer necessary.
After the FCC gave its approval to feed translators by satellite, W14AA returned to air as the Washington affiliate of SIN (now known as Univision).
In order to accommodate the new full-power channel 14, this station moved to channel 48 in 1989 and is today WMDO-CD.
As the FCC began taking applications for a new licensee for channel 14, now licensed to Arlington, Virginia, D.C. mayor Walter E. Washington expressed his desire that the new channel 14 be minority-owned.
Overruling his initial decision, in 1984, administrative law judge Edward Kuhlmann selected the bid of Urban Telecommunications Corporation, finding that since Urban was financially qualified, its management and operations were more integrated than those of previous winner WSCT-TV.
After years of extensions, the station went on the air in 1993 as WTMW, named for Urban's sole owner, Theodore M. White.
After an initial boom in screenings and production, the presence of cinema in the nation was lower between 1900 and 1910.
A film circuit was established in Caracas in 1899, which included the Teatro Caracas, the Circo Metropolitano, a small bar opposite the Circo, the Café La Francia, and the Socorro bodega.
Farrell writes that in the 1890s Venezuela was a frontrunner in the industry of film within Latin America, a status it lost after the state became involved with production in the 20th century.
For a few days, beginning on 30 November 1900, a Bioscope was presented by W. H. Whiteman in the Hotel Bolívar of Ciudad Bolívar.
The first sound films of the country were shown by the Frenchman G. Romegout on 31 August 1901, operating a gramophone at the same time as the projector.
Cinema did not reappear in Caracas until the end of 1901; in the 1890s, Carlos Ruiz Chapellín had shown films in various venues, filling them with theatre during 1900.
Additionally, most halls used for showing films did not have permanent facilities for the function, being limited to the Baralt Theatre in Maracaibo and Teatro Municipal in Valencia; in 1904, the Teatro Municipal in Barquisimeto was the main location for cinema in this region, with other areas using commercial public buildings like cafés and hotels for screenings.
The pioneer Manuel Trujillo Durán had returned to photography until 1902; in August 1903 he was working with fellow Zulian Alfredo Duplat in San Cristóbal, Táchira on films, traveling through the state after showing films in Cúcuta.
Trujillo Durán continued to work in film through the decade, but sparsely: he operated projectors at several locations, including as the duo 'Trujillo & March' at the Baralt Theatre, where he is documented in 1906 and 1908; at the University of the Andes in 1907; and around the country for Pathé in 1908 and 1909.
Ruiz Chapellín, who had been the main film entrepreneur in the city, was replaced in this position by Carlos Badaracco; seen as a more gentile person, Badaracco's presence and the ability from 1904 to rent films from U.S. companies rather than buy them outright led to more investors in cinema.
This year, a company owned by the Ireland brothers began showing a hundred films that they had imported at the Municipal in Caracas; though a renowned company, the shows left the Municipal starting on 25 April 1905, with the reason that the Circo Metropolitano could hold the much larger audiences they were attracting.
The Irelands also introduced different film seasons through the year, and held a special screening on 27 April 1905 with then-Vice President Juan Vicente Gómez in attendance, their last show at the Municipal, though running concurrently with their regular programming at the Circo.
In 1908, after the Baralt brothers of Maracaibo relocate to Caracas, the Baralts worked with the Delhom brothers and the two sets of siblings formed a company together.
Though it dissolved a year later, the Delhoms continued to make films for another five years, with Manuel Delhom making at least a dozen in 1908.
Sonia Handelman Meyer (born February 12, 1920) is an American photographer, best known for her street photography as a member of the New York Photo League.
Returning to New York in the 1940s, Meyer was a member of the New York Photo League from 1943 to 1951, as a both photographer and secretary.
After the dissolution of the Photo League in 1951, Meyer's work went largely unrecognized until 2006 when it was rediscovered by a gallery owner in Charlotte, North Carolina.
The Bulgaria national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is the national representative for Bulgaria in international under-16 and under-17 (under age 17 and under age 16) basketball tournaments.
This article lists each Leader of the Opposition of the United Kingdom, from the Parliament Act 1911 granting legislative preeminence to the House of Commons, and the Ministers of the Crown Act 1937 the leader of the second largest faction within it a statutory title and salary, rather than the customary role as HM Official Opposition, in order of term length.
This is based on the difference between dates; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would be one greater.
Of the 33 Leaders of the Opposition, 6 served more than 5 years (1826.25 days), 4 have lost more than one General election, and 7 have served less than a year.
In July 2019, Persipura Jayapura announced their commitment to take part in the inaugural season of Liga 1 Putri, a women's football competition in Indonesia and formed a women's football team.
1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition was a thirteen month scientific program beginning in 1928, which was promoted to study the Australian Great Barrier Reef.
The Great Barrier Reef Expedition was a scientific study suggested by Sir Matthew Nathan and Professor Henry Richards who led the Australian Great Barrier Reef Committee from its establishment in 1922.
With support from the British Barrier Reef Committee and the Association for the Advancement of Science in England, there was considerable interest in conducting zoological studies of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, to investigate theories put forward by Charles Darwin and others.
This largely British expedition of scientists sought financial support from the Australian government, universities and the public to fund the expedition and study biological and geological life in a number of sections of the Reef.
C. Maurice Yonge, a marine invertebrate researcher, was encouraged to join a proposed expedition to Australia’s Great Barrier Reef in 1927.
Otter and Aubrey Nicholls would be assistants, and Frank Moorhouse of the University of Queensland would provide local marine biology knowledge.
The Australian Museum also sent five people to help with the research throughout the year – Tom Iredale, Gilbert Whitley, William Boardman, Arthur Livingstone and Frank McNeill.
Indigenous workers were hired from the nearby Anglican mission at Yarrabah to work on Low Isles in support of the team.
They included Andy and Grace Dabah who worked as handyman and cook and were later replaced by Claude and Minnie Connolly.
The Luana was used to carry out scientific studies on and in the water as well as carry provisions to and from the mainland.
Black-Lip pearl oysters, Beche De Mer and rock and mangrove oysters, as well as the fish populations of the surrounding areas were assessed for potential economic development.
Boring of the reef had been undertaken around Michaelmas Cay in 1926 to determine the age and thickness of the reef, which helped the geological research.
One of the first visitors to Low Isles during the Expedition was journalist Charles Barrett whose newspaper articles were later published as a book.
In part due to the extensive newspaper coverage, tourists sought out the islands following the expedition to collect shells and corals.
Yonge and his team’s research pioneered studies into coral physiology and their research persists in being vital reference material to current study.
In 2018, the club were administratively promoted to the second division Kenyan National Super League to replace Palos FC, who had disbanded, effectively taking their place in the league.
The club had financial problems in 2018, leading to a situation where only eight players started a match away in Nairobi, which they lost 2-0.
Kisumu finished in second place in the 2018–19 Kenyan National Super League season to earn promotion to the Kenyan top flight, beating out Nairobi Stima on goal difference.
Like Someone in Love is a live album by saxophonist Paul Desmond recorded in 1975 at the Bourbon Street jazz club in Toronto, Canada but not released by the Telarc label until 1992.
The song features vocals by singer Dorothy Lapi (aka Dea-Li) and peaked at number 7 in Czech Republic, number 18 in Austria and number 54 in Sweden.
Eucalyptus proxima, commonly known as nodding mallee or red-flowered mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia.
It has smooth greyish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, red to pink, sometimes yellowish flowers and conical to slightly bell-shaped fruit.
Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped, long and wide tapering to a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on a slightly flattened, down-turned, unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds sessile or on thick pedicels long.
Félix del Blanco Prieto (born 15 June 1937) is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including stints heading the missions in several African countries.
On 31 May 1991, Pope John Paul II named him a titular archbishop, Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to São Tomé and Príncipe, and Apostolic Delegate to Angola.
On 5 May 1996, Pope John Paul appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Cameroon, adding the title Apostolic Nuncio to Equatorial Guinea on 28 June.
On 5 June 2003, Pope John Paul named him Apostolic Nuncio to Malta and added the title Apostolic Nuncio to Libya on 24 June.
Acer diabolicum, the horned maple or devil maple, is a species of maple that is endemic to central and southern Japan.
It gets its specific epithet and its common names from the two hornlike appearance of the protruding curly stigmas of its flowers, which are retained on its winged seeds.
The winter buds are ovate to oblong-ovate, dark brown in color, and protected by 6 to 8 pairs of pubescent scales.
The lobes are broadly ovate, acuminate, and distally dentately serrate, or one might say crenately dentate, with the teeth broadly acute or even obtusish.
The trees are dioecious, with the usually salmon to brick red flowers appearing in early spring before the leaves fully unfurl.
Pistillate (female) flowers are held in 5 to 7 flowered pendulous sessile or peduncled racemes, and are 2 to 3cm long.
Its wide growth form largely precludes it from being planted on street parkways, but the fact that it, unlike most maples, has male and female individuals it makes it useful to plant males in landscape and garden applications where seedlings are not desired.
The similarity to the sycamore and its rather ordinary yellow to orange fall foliage have discouraged its widespread adoption as an ornamental outside Japan.
The diving competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines take place at New Clark City Aquatics Center in Carpas from 6 to 7 December 2019.
Her work is included in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the Center for Creative Photography in Tucson, Arizona and the Museum of the City of New York.
William Paul Yoerg (October 16, 1883 – September 26, 1957), sometimes referred to as Bill Yoerg, was an American politician, businessman, and the 32nd mayor of Holyoke, Massachusetts.
A tire salesman and garage proprietor prior to his political career, Yoerg established his company, Yoerg Tire & Rubber Company in 1909, reportedly selling more U.S.
Brand tires than any other New England competitor during his time in business, overseeing it in some capacity until his retirement in 1954.
During his tenure as mayor, he presided during several WPA projects, including the expansion of Mackenzie Stadium, completion of the city's War Memorial Building, and the construction of flood controls in the downtown and Springdale.
William Paul Yoerg was born in South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts on October 16, 1883 to Michael John, a mill supervisor, and Nellie Yoerg (née O'Brien).
Yoerg would attend public school in South Hadley until he was 13, when he took up work as an errand boy and eventual clerk for the J. Russell & Company Hardware Store in Holyoke.
At 18 he became a clerk and eventual manager for the Revere Tire Company on Main Street, beginning his automotive business career, and by the age of 23 was serving as a travelling sales representative for Diamond Rubber.
On November 17, 1907, he married his wife, Mary G. Dugan of Ware at St. Patrick's Church in South Hadley, and on April 19, 1909 went on to open his own tire business.
He would change locations several times to accommodate his growing business until he eventually settled Yoerg Tire and Rubber at 158 Chestnut Street in 1915, where it remained until his retirement in 1954; his former garage building still stands at that address today.
Prior to his election he would also serve as the president of the Holyoke Automobile Maintenance Association and on the board of directors of the Tri-County Automobile Club.
He would go across the city appealing to many of its clubs and groups across ethnic and class lines, reportedly holding 10 rallies in a single day, criticizing the incumbent administration's actions as opaque and unresponsive.
Ultimately by characterizing his opponent as autocratic, chastising Toepfert's hold over the welfare commission, and using accident statistics and appealing to his experience in the automotive industry, Yoerg was able to win over voters.
During his tenure Yoerg would work directly with President Franklin Roosevelt, meeting with him in Springfield on August 1, 1936, on behalf of the mayors and selectmen of Western Massachusetts, and testifying before Congress, to rally for WPA funding of new infrastructure projects for flood controls, utilities, and recreation.
In 1938 he was credited with successfully lobbying for nearly $1.5 million in Works Progress Administration funds for several streets and sewers projects, equivalent to $26.7 million dollars in 2019 US Dollars.
Influenced by Roosevelt's fireside chats, in 1939 Yoerg would also spend a series of radio broadcasts outlining the housing, infrastructure, and other issues that needed to be addressed by the city and its counterparts in state and Federal government.
Yoerg would go on to win two more elections, defeating Toepfert-favorite Dr. Robert Cleary in 1936, and Toepfert a second time in 1937, marking the beginning of the first 2-year term in the city's history.
Two months before the election, in October 1939, Yoerg would drop out of the race to lead the newly-formed Holyoke Housing Authority as it planned its first project, Lyman Terrace.
He would perform his duties as executive director of the agency without salary until September 1940, when he would resign to resume his full-time duties managing his garage.
Following the end of his term as director of the housing authority, for much of the remainder of his life, Yoerg would remain involved in his garage business, and as a field representative of the local Tri-County Automobile Club.
He would later offer public support for controversial Mayor Edwin A. Seibel in the 1950s, who in return would appoint him to the board of the department of public works from 1953 to 1956.
After a period of illness, Yoerg died at the age of 72 on September 26, 1957; he was interred in St. Jerome's Cemetery.
Yoerg's relatively brief tenure, left a considerable legacy in Holyoke, through the many WPA projects that he and his administration pursued, including the War Memorial Building, modernization projects of Mitchell Field and Mackenzie Stadium, modernizing of sewer systems, construction of the city's levy and pumping station systems, the implementation of modern school lunch programs, and the building of Lyman Terrace and Holyoke Housing Authority.
With Yoerg's extensive ties to the automobile industry, serving as a director of the Tri-County Automobile Club, he would however assure that the Holyoke Street Railway Company completely dismantled its tracks on city streets with the termination of trolley service in 1937.
Later in 2014, she also became the first female player to cross the 2,000 run milestone as well and first player (either male or female) to cross 2500 runs .
She retired as the most prolific run scorer in Women's Twenty20 International (WT20Is), with a total of 2605 runs in March, 2016.
She remained as leading run-scoorer (either male or female) for another more than 2 years until it was broken by Suzie Bates of New Zealand in June 2018.
Suzie became the first player (either male or female) and till date only player to score 3000 runs in T20 Internationals as well.
In terms of innings, Charlotte Edwards is the fastest (35) to reach the 1,000 run mark, whereas Pakistan's Nida Dar is the slowest (83) to reach the mark.
Ellyse Perry is the only player (either male or female) who has scored 1,000+ runs and taken 100+ wickets in Twenty20 Internationals.
, 30 players from 9 teams that are Full Members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) have scored 1,000 runs in T20Is.
Robin Shackleford (born October 30, 1970) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 98th district since 2012.
Himmler organised a team of SS researchers to collect historical records of witch trials with the goal of proving that the Catholic Church had used the trials to eliminate the German heritage.
Air Vice-Marshal Cecil Thomas (Ginger) Weir, (2 April 1913 – 5 August 1965) was an officer in the Royal Air Force.
He was taken prisoner after his aircraft was hit by a bomb from another aircraft during a raid on the Osnabruck Canal in November 1944 and was imprisoned in Stalag Luft I.
He was in charge of the Operation Buffalo British nuclear tests at Maralinga in Australia in 1956, and air task group commander for the Operation Grapple nuclear tests at Christmas Island in 1957.
He entered the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in 1931, and graduated and was commissioned as a pilot officer on 15 July 1933.
He was promoted to flying officer on 15 January 1935, and flight lieutenant on 15 January 1937, and squadron leader on 1 June 1939.
61 Squadron RAF from September 1941 to June 1942, and was mentioned in despatches on 24 September 1941, and 11 June 1942.
During a raid on the Osnabruck Canal in November 1944, his Avro Lancaster bomber was hit by a bomb from another aircraft.
Released when the war ended, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 3 April 1945, with the award backdated to 20 November 1944.
He was promoted to the wartime substantive rank of wing commander on 7 January 1945, and substantive rank on 1 October 1946.
After the war Weir served as Senior Officer-in-Charge Administration (SOA) at AHQ Malta from 3 Dec 1949, and in the Air Ministry from 1955 to 1955, when he became commander of the Central Gunnery School at RAF Leconfield.
He was received a King's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air on 9 June 1949, and was promoted to group captain on 1 January 1951, and air commodore on 1 January 1957.
He became the Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) at HQ Middle East Air Force on 12 May 1958, and became Deputy Commander in Chief of the Middle East Air Force on 23 April 1959.
He was promoted to air vice-marshal on 1 July 1959. and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 9 February 1960.
On 15 May 1961, he became commandant of the School of Land/Air Warfare; on 31 March 1963 the school was absorbed into the Joint Warfare Establishment, which he then became commandant of.
Weir's final posting, on 30 October 1964, was to Washington, DC, as deputy to the British representative on the NATO Military Committee and deputy head of the British Defence Staff (Washington).
She is the vice president for research, director of the Injury Prevention Center, and the William G. Barsan Collegiate Professor in the Michigan Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine.
After he threatened to kill her mother, her mother bought a hand gun, changed the locks, and sent her older siblings to a foster family.
In this role, she collaborated with other researchers and institutions to produce a website that offers free access to data on guns, as well as training for health care providers.
A few years later, she was promoted to associate vice president for research-health sciences in the University of Michigan Office of Research for three years.
Ben Smaltz (born January 17, 1970) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 52nd district since 2012.
The hoop competition for gymnastics rhytmic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 6 to 7 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
He attended Portland State University, where he studied business and marketing, and holds a Master of Business Administration from Seattle University.
He was the head baseball coach at the University of the Sciences from 1978 to 1982, Lafayette College from 1983 to 1990 and Pennsylvania State University from 1991 to 2004.
Hindelang landed his first coaching job in baseball as the head coach at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Sciences in 1978.
Heather Ray Trotter (later Bonner) was born September 3, 1923 in Ipswich, Queensland, the daughter of Richard Trotter and his wife Lucinda.
She worked as a book keeper in the Brisbane Markets in Roma Street, Brisbane after she completed her schooling and was active in the Ipswich Scouting movement.
She married USN Petty Officer Robert Harrison in 1944 and sailed as a war bride to California where their daughter was born.
After suffering from spousal abuse, Helen divorced her husband and she and her children left Florida and they returned to Australia in 1957 to live with her father.
She joined the Christian Anti-Communists Crusade and OPAL (One People of Australia League), an organisation that was formed to encourage Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in their efforts toward welfare and political solutions to Indigenous issues.
Heather was an active member of OPAL in Ipswich, and opened her home to Murri and non-Murri members of the organisation, as well as offering counselling and support.
Neville Bonner was President of OPAL from 1968-1975, and Heather mixed with Neville and his wife Mona Bonner in their shared league work.
After the death of Mona Bonner in 1969, Heather and Neville Bonner developed a closer friendship and they married in 1972.
She administered Neville Bonner scholarships and legacies after his death and continued to provide advice to the Indigenous community and Jagera people.
Burden was born on July 11, 1877 in Troy, New York to millionaire iron manufacturer I. Townsend Burden and Evelyn Byrd (Moale) Burden.
Outside of football, Burden was first marshall and president of his class as well as president of the Hasty Pudding and Groton clubs.
He eventually returned to New York City, where he worked for James D. Smith & Co. On August 19, 1903, he purchased a seat on the New York Stock Exchange from Henry G. Weil for $60,000.
On April 12, 1904 he married Florence Vanderbilt Twombly, daughter of Hamilton McKown Twombly and Florence Adele Vanderbilt Twombly and the granddaughter of William Henry Vanderbilt, at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan.
In 1971, Burden's widow and sons donated Burden Hall to Harvard Business School in honor of Burden and his grandson, William A. M. Burden III, who also died young.
Jim Hall & Basses is an album by jazz guitarist Jim Hall performing duets and trios with bassists Dave Holland, Christian McBride, Charlie Haden, George Mraz and Scott Colley that was released by Telarc in 2001.
The ball competition for gymnastics rhytmic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 6 to 7 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
This thin-leaved fern is commonly found in New Zealand and Tasmania, growing in patches on rocks and is epiphytic on trees and tree ferns, growing in moist gullies or rainforests.
Forming extensive, interwoven and creeping patches with its thin long (creeping) rhizomes sparsely covered in red-brown hairs , easily recognised by its membranous grey-green fronds, the smooth margins of the pinnae, ultimate segments and indusia; and by the sunken sori in the uppermost segments of the uppermost pinnae.
The species can be found throughout Tasmanian rainforests as well as occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and New Zealand on the North and South Islands as well as, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands.
Fronds are pendant and up to 15 cm long; stipe to 20–70 mm long, very thin, black; rachis winged in the uppermost section of the frond; lamina 1-pinnate 1–2-pinnatifid, pale green, and up to 100 mm in length and 10–25 mm wide, with no toothed margins.
Solitary sori borne at apex of segments, and sunken at the base but not tubular; a whorl or rosette of bracts surrounding the inflorescence or at the base of an umbel, shaped like a rhomboid, apex rounded or obtusely angled; receptacle slender, included.
The narrow filmy-fern is found in rainforests, forming patches on rocks and is often epiphytic on trees and tree ferns in moist gullies.
This species can also be found in Tasmania and on the Bass Strait Islands, While being highly dispersed throughout New Zealand, occurring on North and South Islands as well as, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands.
Occurring in coastal to montane habitats, this species is common in rainforests, scrub, shaded cliff faces or amongst boulders and damp gullies.
The Genera are separated based on the sorus and gametophyte structures, particularly the indsium structure (membrane covering sorus) and the receptacle.
The Australian plants of H. rarum differ from their New Zealand counterparts with widely spaced pinnae rather than imbricating pale green pinnae.
Members of this family most commonly occur in moist habitats with few members being able to withstand dryer conditions, in which they are able to later 'revive' themselves when moisture becomes readily available.
The clubs competition for gymnastics rhytmic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 6 to 7 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
He was multiple participant of the French Chess Championships, where reached the best results in 1928 (3rd place) and 1931 (4th place).
She is also the director of Kandys, a handloom brand in Sri Lanka and she is also the current chairperson of the National Entrepreneurs Association of Sri Lanka.
In 2018, her contributions to export sector of the country were recognised by the Export Development Board and was awarded for the best innovative exporter.
On 4 December 2019, she was appointed as the new governor of the Eastern Province and thus became the first woman governor of the Eastern Province.
William David Cohen was born in Queens, New York on January 21, 1957, the son of Herbert and Sandra (Jacobs) Cohen.
He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Environmental Science from George Washington University in 1980 and a Juris Doctor degree from Vermont Law School in 1984.
While attending law school, he worked as a clerk in the legal department of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation, followed by a part-time position as a clerk in the office of the state’s attorney for Rutland County.
In December 2019, Governor Phil Scott appointed Cohen to serve as an Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court, succeeding Marilyn Skoglund.
They are the parents of a daughter Alix, a resident of San Francisco, and a son, Robert, a resident of Killington, Vermont.
A total of 28 teams competed in the qualifying play-offs to decide the remaining eight of the 32 places in the group stage of the 2020 AFC Champions League.
The bracket of the qualifying play-offs for each region was determined based on the association ranking of each team, with the team from the higher-ranked association hosting the match.
The eight winners of the play-off round (four each from both West Region and East Region) advanced to the group stage to join the 24 direct entrants.
A total of 16 teams played in the preliminary round 2: twelve teams which entered in this round, and the four winners of the preliminary round 1.
A total of 16 teams played in the play-off round: eight teams which enter in this round, and the eight winners of the preliminary round 2.
It had amassed over 3.1 million dislikes within 24 hours of release and 5 million dislikes within 48 hours of release, which was more than what obtained in the same timeframes.
The video returned to a format more reminiscent of the early iterations of the series, featuring a montage of the top videos of 2019, divided into several themed countdowns based on statistics and trends.
The 2019 edition returned to a format more reminiscent of the early iterations of the series, featuring a montage of the top videos of 2019, divided into several themed countdowns based on statistics and trends.
John Coterell (fl.1390-1421) of Wallingford, Berkshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Wallingford January 1390, 1393, 1394, 1395, Jan. 1397, Sept. 1397, 1410, 1420 and May 1421.
Dental Historian is the official journal of the The Lindsay Society for the History of Dentistry, published twice a year and free to the Society's members.
After graduating, he chose to became a genre and portrait painter, rather than focus on animals and still-lifes like his other family members.
Following his father's death in 1883, he took over managing his mother's business interests; selling and arranging exhibitions for her paintings.
After his mother died in 1909, his sisters auctioned off their remaining works at two large sales, in 1911 (The Hague) and 1919 (Amsterdam).
A total of 32 teams will compete in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout stage of the 2020 AFC Champions League.
The draw for the group stage was held in 10 December 2019, 16:30 MYT (), at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four: four groups each in the West Region (Groups A–D) and the East Region (Groups E–H).
The following 32 teams enter into the group stage draw, which include the 24 direct entrants and the eight winners of the play-off round of the qualifying play-offs, whose identity was not known at the time of the draw.
The teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss).
K. C. Sunny, he was elected unanimously by the Sabha Mandalam (synod of the church) at its meeting held on 10 December 2000 as Metropolitan-elect.
He was consecrated on 3 March 2001 as ramban and as bishop on 10 March 2001 with the name Cyril Mar Baselius.
He was a Member of Parliament for New Romney October 1553, April 1554 and 1559 and Mayor of New Romney 1563-4, 1573-4, 1579-80, 1584-5 and 1591-2.
The ribbon competition for gymnastics rhytmic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 6 to 7 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
He is currently serving as Additional Solicitor General of India for Supreme Court of India from January 15, 2019.He was Enrolled as an Advocate on August 8, 1985 with Bar Council of Delhi (D/330/85).
Designated as Senior Advocate by Delhi High Court in 2005 & also Appointed as Additional Solicitor General of India for Delhi High Court on July 22, 2014 and served there till March 5, 2018.
Advised and appeared for Central Government and Public Sector Undertakings in matters involving interpretation of Constitution; corporate and commercial laws; banning of terrorist and disruptive organisations; extradition; CBI and NIA prosecutions; electricity laws; competition laws; petroleum and natural gas; money laundering and benami prohibition laws; constitutional aspects of direct and indirect taxes; international arbitrations and public international laws.
Governor upheld in administration of NCT of Delhi; getting upheld constitutional validity of coal block auctions, successfully handling eviction trial of Taj Mansingh Hotel till Supreme Court.
Currently defending constitutional challenge to the amendment in Benami Transaction Act besides the challenge laid to the introduction of regulatory mechanism over the teachers training institutes.
Appeared before National Human Right Commission in matters relating to Kashmir Migrants, use of Asbestos in water pipes and working conditions of workers in Diamond processing factory at Vizag; before Green Tribunal on the matter concerning substitution of coal as a source of energy in the vicinity of Kaziranga National Park, Assam.
Co-authored the recommendations on behalf of the committee set up to re-examine the procedure for human organ donations for transplant purposed.
The 2019–20 West Indies Championship is the 54th edition of the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the Cricket West Indies (CWI).
Sir John Constable (1526-79), of Burton Constable and Halsham, Yorkshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Hedon March 1553, October 1553, 1558 and 1563, and possibly for Yorkshire in 1555.
Among his notable translations are works by Charles Bukowski, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, Yann Martel, Hanif Kureishi, Denis Johnson and Marilynne Robinson.
Jimmy Simons (born 24 October 1970 in Paramaribo, Suriname), was a Dutch footballer who played seven times for Dutch team, Feyenoord.
He got two master's degrees there, one in English - Creative Writing in 2014, and one in English - Literature in 2015.
In 2019, he enrolled in the David Lynch Graduate School of Cinematic Arts for their screenwriting program at the Maharishi University of Management.
John Colshull (died 1413), of Friday Street, London, was an English Member of Parliament for Cornwall in 1391, 1394, January 1397 and 1399.
He was also common councillor in Vintry, twice sheriff of Cornwall, a justice of the peace in Cornwall, steward of the duchy estates in Cornwall, and deputy butler at London and Sandwich.
The Swiss Red Cross Commission escape occurred in 1941 at Schloẞ Spangenberg, involving Dominic Bruce, Eustace Newborn and Pete Tunstall, all prisoners of war (POWs), held at the castle.
In late July and early August 1941, Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall, took an interest in the architecture of the building, suspecting there may be escaping materials.
The three broke into a flat in the Schloss thought to belong to a forestry principal and inside the flat the trio obtained escape material such as disguises, maps and a compass.
After sourcing the escape resources, they carefully crafted an escape plan that took advantage of the incompetent gate security of the castle, intending to walk to Kassel, break into Fliegerhorst Kassel, steal an aircraft and then fly to Basle.
Patiently waiting many weeks for the conditions to be just right for the escape, on 3 September 1941 the trio brazenly walked across the moat bridge, posing as a German officer (Tunstall) and two doctors (Bruce and Newborn) of a Swiss Red Cross inspection team.
Upon reaching the bottom of the hill outside of the castle's grounds, they quickly removed their Swiss Commission disguises and then made their way to Kassel, dressed as Luftwaffe airmen, aiming to steal an aircraft.
The escape by the trio, which revealed the short-comings of the castle's ability to handle prisoners of war, is thought to be a reason why Schloẞ Spangenberg was evacuated in late 1941.
The digging was a very slow process; it required the removal of spoil, bricks and stone work, and was aided by other prisoners distracting the guards.
When Bruce and Tunstall noted the slow process they began examining the rest of the castle and left the digging to the other team involving Sammy Hoare.
The tunnel almost reached completion but unfortunately the digging team got caught when a guard become suspicious at the large stones that were accumulating outside of the gym.
Tunstall stated that he would like to think some of the watchers and workers who helped on their original wooden horse escape may have mentioned it from time to time; and would like to think that their idea contributed to the success of the effort at Sagan.
Whilst the wooden horse tunnel was being dug, Bruce and Tunstall, were planning, after they had escaped from the castle grounds, to steal an aircraft from Kassel airfield to fly to Basle Switzerland.
As the tunnel was being dug by other prisoners, Bruce and Tunstall were also in the process of exploring the castle and keeping their options open for other escape possibilities in case the tunnel route was found.
At this time, Bruce and Tunstall got to know a new prisoner called Eustace Newborn who was in the wooden horse tunnel syndicate.
In the escape it was decided Tunstall, who could speak better German, would be a Feldwebel and Bruce and Newborn would be privates.
Inside the daily hustle of the castle and at the same time as Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall were planning on exploring a flat, Eric Foster and Joe Barker, who were planning a laundry cart escape, were taking a similar interest in the impressive architecture of the building.
Though their interest was for the first floor of the building, not the same flat that interested Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall.
At this moment in time, both groups did not know that they each had a keen interest in this area of the castle.
The flat that interested Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall had once been explored by a French lieutenant named Merlin, who had broke into the flat in 1939.
It was rumoured the previous occupant of this apartment was a forestry school principal who was now at the front for Germany.
They eventually found a way into this flat via a chamber found at the top of the staircase which had a plaster ceiling.
They broke through this plaster ceiling in the chamber with a four foot long metal-pole that they claimed could break through anything and that they affectionately pun-named Napoleon.
At first sight inside the attic Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall noticed a shadowy silhouette staring back at them, and this frightened them.
Inside the room they found escape material such as civilian clothes, officer uniforms, guns including a Luger pistol, maps, a compass, cases and stale cigars.
Upon sourcing these materials Bruce and Tunstall then gave up their wooden horse tunnel escape completely and left it all to Hoare.
Unfortunately the gate security had been increased because of a 1940 escape from the castle by three Canadians, Keith Milne, Don Middleton and Hank Wardle.
All staff rotated their roles and sometimes a staff member would be the sentry on the castle side of the bridge who opened the gate.
To let people into the castle the sentry could only open the gate after an order that could only come from the guard commander, and this order would come after the guard commander had signed the people in.
To let people out of the castle, the sentry, would blow a whistle, and the guard commander would come through the gate to sign the people out, then following a command, the sentry would then open the gate.
Over time, they observed the C company Feldwebel was the least meticulous of the three companies and that there was no chance of escape if A company and B company had a shift, being they followed the protocol to the letter.
They noticed the guard commander did not bother with the protocol when the orderlies went to the moat to feed the pigs potato peelings and rubbish from the kitchen, this left the gate open.
They believed he would be the least alert enough of the guards to notice their faces when they were in disguise.
They would carry an ID card which was no more than a touched up fishing license with an official seal, and Bruce and Newborn would be dressed as visiting doctors.
Newborn, along with a prisoner called Joe Kayll were strongly against it, arguing they could not expect the protection of the Geneva Convention while carrying it.
The argument was in turn settled by the SBO – Brigadier Somerset who strictly forbade them taking the Lugar with them.
More important to the three was boot polish, shaving equipment which would keep them presentable as Luftwaffe airmen, and the local map and compass.
Bruce and Tunstall estimated their escape from the castle grounds depended on these three things, pig feeding time leaving the gate to the bridge open, Blockhead being on the gate and C company being on the afternoon shift.
If Blockhead bluffed this question, he failed the test and this would probably mean he assumed a Swiss Commission team was inside the castle.
If he bluffed, Milner would give a thumbs-up from behind his back and this thumbs-up would mean the escape plan would kick into action.
If Blockhead passed the test, Milner would give a thumbs-down signal from behind his back and the escape would not go ahead.
It was always predicted Blockhead and C company would always open the gate to the orderlies to allow the orderlies to feed the pigs with rubbish from the kitchen.
At this point, when the gate was predicted to be left open by Blockhead, they devised to immerse Blockhead in a social orchestration.
They arranged for: Blockhead to be blustered and overwhelmed by his perceptions; they scheduled deftly timed goon baiting from the orderlies at the gate to overwhelm him; and timed for a perception of urgency from Swiss Commission inspection team and the Army Hauptmann, to rush him.
Prior to walking through the gate, the faux Swiss commission team would be seen having chats with the British medical officers to help with the frame.
They arranged to walk to the forest on their way to Kassel, dressed as Luftwaffe airmen, knowing the guards would eventually be searching for two civilians and an army Hauptmann.
Bruce, disguised as a doctor, conversed with the British medical officers to help frame Blockheads confusion, with Bruce being perceptually harassed on some critical points, by the medical officers.
Tunstall walked by and walked through the gate, and Bruce and Newborn, carrying dispatch cases, with Bruce, a non-smoker, insouciantly smoking a cigar (a rarity by this period of the war; and convincing evidence for the guards that the visitor was Swiss), followed him over the bridge.
On 25 August 1941 Foster and Barker were successful with their, almost air tight, laundry basket escape, though they eventually got recaptured.
He then observed Bruce showing the fishing ID license to the guards, to which he deliberately dropped and then picked up again in order to obfuscate the imperfections of the documentation.
Tunstall explained, the guards at the other end of the bridge saluted at the Hauptmann as they made it over the bridge on their way out of the castle grounds.
Though Kassel is a right turn from the exit of the castle, exiting the grounds they turned left before they set on their way to Kassel and made their way to the bottom of the hill, where they removed and hid their commission disguises.
They then chose one of two roads that led from the castle, and marched to Kassel, along Melsunger Straße, dressed as Luftwaffe airmen.
In their escape plan there was only one thing that did not come off, at the bottom of the hill they did not see the white smoke warning that came from the kitchen, warning them the security team was searching for them.
When on an open road heading towards the forest, search parties drove past them, even asking Bruce, Tunstall and Newborn if they had seen three escapees dressed as the Swiss Commission inspection team, causing some mild anxiety.
Very relieved that they reached the shade of the forest, Tunstall explained that Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall then come across the threat of a group of wild boars.
The three, noting the wild boars with tusks in the moat at Spangenberg, had been previously institutionalized and given information from the guards about the violence of the wild boar.
According to Tunstall, Bruce became impatient, and then picked up a walking stick, broke the conditioning, then walked over to the pigs, the pigs then harmlessly moved away before Bruce arrived.
Newborn a South African, alongside Tunstall, then began justifying their positions by jokingly talking about the African warthog, talking about the merits of the warthog, how you can't be too careful as these African pigs were noted for their fury, and how these wild hogs regularly busted car tyres with their tusks.
At Kassel airfield they intended to steal a Junkers Ju 52, which Newborn had flown before the war, and then fly to Basle Switzerland.They penetrated the aerodrome.
Whilst inside the aerodrome, they were impeded by a suspicious officer, of superior rank to the Feldwebel, who asked them to stop.
On the airfield, they were discovered trying to start a Luftwaffe aircraft, so they decided to find another aerodrome that was less heavily guarded near the Belgian frontier.
In the adjustment of the plans, they decided it was better to travel in plain sight and in daylight with their Luftwaffe uniforms, whilst saluting and using colloquial phrases, instead of going cross country, and getting their uniforms dirty.
Whilst on the road from Kassel, unknown to Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall, every police and military unit in German occupied Europe had been informed of the escape of an army Hauptmann and two civilians from Spangenberg castle.
To the laughter of Bruce and Newborn, Tunstall, stole three loaves of bread from a horse and cart whilst matching the horses gallop, and painfully crouching to stay out of the sight-line of the driver.
On the second day from Kassel, Bruce, Tunstall and Newborn marched alongside the River Eder and came across the scenic sight of the Eder Dam.
He relates how one morning (after a night sheltering under cover on farmland) they woke up to an audience of German land girls.
Tunstall, in an effort to allay their suspicions, claimed that he and Newborn were taking their prisoner Bruce to a military prison.
After ten days on the road, near a small prison camp used for farm labour, they were arrested by a soldier who followed them on a bike with another guard and a civilian.
When Tunstall was answering his questions, Bruce and Newborn looked at Tunstall with disdain, consequentially, when Bruce and Newborn were interrogated, they instead, approached the questioning from the interrogator with disrespect.
The trio each received 53 days in solitude for the Spangenberg Castle escape, which was longer than the Geneva convention suggested.
The Senior British Officer also complained that according to the Geneva convention guidelines, the exercise yard in Spangenberg was too small, and they needed to be moved to another camp.
In solitary confinement, Bruce, Newborn and Tunstall were placed in three separate cells in front of, and high above, the moat they had previously escaped from.
To the amusement of Bruce, Newborn, and Tunstall, in the remaining cell, Blockhead was also doing his time in confinement for letting the fake inspection team through the gate.
Whilst they were held in confinement, they even managed to defy solitude after Bruce picked the lock on his, Newborn's and Tunstall's cell doors in order that they might join him in his cell to play poker with a set of home made cards a previous occupant had left behind.
When caught out by the guard who had noted that there was three to a cell, Tunstall claimed, Bruce, Newborn and himself smiled and nodded at the puzzled and curious guard as if they were innocent, this was harmless, and as if the guard was a juvenile who had just completed a simple comprehension test.
For the breaking of the solitude, Bruce was eventually court-martialled on the serious military charge of breaking free from arrest, the other two eventually got five extra days solitude.
Tunstall explained he thought Bruce eventually got away with it by Bruce explaining escaping was not a court-martial offence for a POW, according to the Geneva Convention.
John Colshull (c.1391-1418), of Tremodret in Duloe and Binnamy in Week St. Mary, Cornwall was an English Member of Parliament for Cornwall in April and November 1414.
François-César Le Tellier (Paris, 18 February 1718Paris, 7 July 1781), was the marquis of Courtanvaux, Count of Tonnerre, Duke of Doudeauville, and a French aristocrat, military officer, and scientist.
In 1733, aged 15, he took part in his first campaign as an aid in the staff of Marshal Louis de Noailles, who was his uncle.
After a few years, he associated with Madame de Pompadour in an effort to revigorate dancing at the Court, from 1745 to 1754.
He gave his son, Charles François César Le Tellier, a thorough education, which earned him an honorary seat at the Academy of Sciences.
They also made frequent calls to port in order to check the working of the mechanisms and the precision of the longitude measurements made with the chronometers.
The series is based on the series of short stories written by veteran Bengali author Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay the stories were later completed by his son Taradas Bandyopadhyay Bibhutibhushan wrote two short stories about the character Taranath Tantrik.
Directed by Qaushiq Mukherjee who also known as Q the series deals with the origin and supernatural experience of an elderly a Tatric named Taranath.
The story begins with a writer and his friend become acquainted with the titular Tantrik and are immediately captivated by the richness of his experience, and the way he tells his stories.
They keep going back to him, and he keeps telling them stories — either for the love of his favourite brand of cigarettes or to get a long-standing load off his chest.
It is a fragment of a Latin medical treatise dating from the 9th or late 8th century in which a few Irish words appear (two) and (about thirty) in old Breton language.
96 A has the particularity of including Old Breton not in the glosses, but in the main text: it is one of the few documents where the vernacular language is not restricted to secondary use.
Nevertheless, Old Brittany only intervenes on one page of this bifolio and there it remains subordinate to Latin insofar as it is simply technical words (names of plants, preparations) which are substituted for the corresponding Latin words.
Leiden's medical fragment is probably nothing typically Breton in the subject: it is a question of ancient or medieval Latin recipes that are constantly being copied in monasteries.
Mediwake gained a Teachers' Training Certificate (First Class) in English and Sinhalese and went on the serve as the Principal of Vidyartha College, Kandy.
During World War II, he served as the chief civilian liaison officer of the Headquarters of the Allied Land Forces South East Asia in Kandy.
He was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Local Government and Cultural Affairs by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and in November 1959 he was appointed Minister of Local Government and Housing succeeding Vimala Wijewardene when she was dismissed from the cabinet of ministers following her arrest in connection to the Bandaranaike assassination.
Vinoj Suranjaya De Silva Muthumuni also simply known as Vinoj De Silva or Vinoj Suranjaya (born 9 January 1995) is a Sri Lankan track and field athlete and a national record holder in men's 200m.
He made his South Asian Games debut representing Sri Lanka at the 2016 South Asian Games and claimed two gold medals in 200m and 4×100m relay events.
In 2018 during the national trials for the 2018 Asian Games, he broke the 200m national record after 20 years which was held by former athlete Sugath Thilakaratne, clocking 20.68 seconds.
Vinoj also claimed silver in men's 200m event and was also part of the team which claimed new South Asian Games record for the men's 4×100m relay event on 6 December 2019 during the 2019 South Asian Games.
Abraham Mar Koorilos I was the first primate and Metropolitan of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church, although it was known initially as Thozhyur Sabha (Thozhyur Church) or Anjoor Church newly established in 1772.
As a boy he impressed the visiting Bishop Mar Ivanios of Jerusalem of the Syriac Orthodox Church by correcting a deacon's liturgical mistake at Mulanthuruthy Church.
Bishop Ivanios later ordained both Kattumangatt Kurien and his brother Kattumangatt Geevarghese as deacons, then priests, before returning to Jerusalem in 1751.
As relations between the Syriac Orthodox Church hierarchy and the native clergy of the Malankara Church became strained, in 1772 Bishop Mar Gregorios, a representative of the Syriac Orthodox hierarchy from the Near East, became dissatisfied with Metropolitan Mar Dionysius I and against the latter's wishes, Bishop Gregorios consecrated Kattumangatt Kurien as a bishop in a secret but canonically legitimate ceremony.
This action fomented further the strained relations with Dionysus that ultimately resulted in the formation of an independent church to be headed by Bishop Koorilos.
However, Metropolitan Dionysus I saw Bishop Koorilos as a threat to his power, and in 1774 he appealed to the Raja and to the British authorities in India to suppress the rival bishop.
Koorilos was forced to leave for Thozhiyoor in Kerala outside the jurisdiction of Dionysus, and established what would become an independent church known as Thozhiyur Church.
In was only after an 1862 court case, the Madras High Court confirmed the Thozhiyur Church was an independent Malankara church, and it has subsequently been known as the Malabar Independent Syrian Church.
In 1794 Cyril consecrated his brother Geevarghese as bishop; Geevarghese succeeded Cyril as Geevarghese Mar Koorilos II in 1802, and the succession has proceeded unbroken since.
and goes beyond the simplistic labels given to this south-Asian nation; by unravelling Pakistan's past, Cohen wants to predict the nation's future and how the idea of Pakistan will work.
Towards the end, Cohen outlines five futures for Pakistan (implicitly saying that the future will consist of a mix of each rather than any single one).
Cohen notes how the vision of Pakistan as a state for the Muslims of South Asia was torn apart with the creation of Bangladesh in 1971.
Aged 15, he was one of a group of senior boys from his Berlin secondary school to be conscripted for war service.
Given a number guard assignments at the concentration camp during the second part of 1944, Gnielka became aware of various Shoah atrocities several months before the arrival of the Red army in January 1945 opened the way for the Nazi atrocities to become more widely known.
He never forgot those experiences, and as an investigative reporter for a regional newspaper reporter in the 1950s and early 1960s he played a pivotal role in ensuring that these more nightmarish aspects of Nazi Germany could not simply be forgotten.
A file of papers passed on by Thomas Gnielka to the state Fritz Bauer triggered the Auschwitz Trials of 1963–65 in Frankfurt, although Gnielka himself died of skin cancer some months before August 1965 when the court delivered its verdicts on the twenty defendants.
Their mission was to defend the IG Farben plant there: duties included supervising the emaciated who were sent out each day to be used for forced labour.
After the war Gnielka volunteered for an Internship with the , based in the Berlin quarter where he had grown up.
Later he moved to Munich where in 1948 he met and teamed up with the cabaret artiste (subsequently better known for her work as an author and television journalist) Ingeborg Euler.
With effect from 11 February 1957 he switched, becoming the Wiesbaden local editor for the Frankfurter Rundschau, a regional newspaper launched twelve years earlier which had already acquired a national reach.
At the beginning of 1959 Gnielka received an unexpected reaction to an article he had produced the previous year for the Frankfurter Rundschau on the situation in the Wiesbaden .
Gnielka, in his article, had expressed concern that office employees were processing compensation claims from surviving holocaust victims, if at all, only with great reluctance: some of the clerical employees were prepared to identify themselves as former Nazis.
Applicants were being treated with a marked absence of courtesy, and old Nazi-era antisemitic songs could sometimes be heard from the back offices.
The files, a somewhat grisly souvenir of the destructive Siege of Breslau, had been blown into the street by the fire storm that engulfed the buildings on 8 May 1945.
Wulkan stated that there had been more papers, but when they had gone back to retrieve these, they found the papers they were looking for had been destroyed by fire.
Thirteen years later, still in possession of those papers, Wulkan had read Gnielka's article about the situation in the Wiesbaden and had come to invoke Gnielka's support in his attempts to progress his own compensation claim.
When Wulkan left the office, on top of the little sideboard that might normally have accommodated a drink or a small portion of cheese, there was instead the bundle of papers, still tied around with the red ribbon.
The state prosecutor for the state of Hessen at this time was a man called Fritz Bauer who was by this time already active in the post–war efforts to obtain justice and compensation for victims of the Nazi regime, and was already investigating suspected war crimes committed at the Auschwitz concentration camp during the Hitler years.
Ingeborg Euler recalled that Thomas Gnielka made a telephone call to Prosecutor Bauer, and a car was sent round to collect the files later that evening.
Other sources state that it was only on the next day, 15 January 1959, that the journalist sent the papers with the signature of the concentration camp commander over to the prosecutor's office.
The named perpetrators of the shootings had managed to leave their Nazi pasts behind them, but they were now sought out and, over time, arrested.
But when the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials opened in 1963 it was widely acknowledged that the entire investigation had been made possible by the handing over of those vital files by Thomas Gnielka.
After that he was able to become a freelance journalist, although many of his contributions continued to be for the Frankfurter Rundschau.
He also wrote regularly for , the newspaper of West Germany's powerful IG Metall trades union, for the illustrated news magazine Quick and for the Munich-based news magazine .
By this time Thomas Gnielka was less in the public eye, increasingly content to work from home in the old village mill-house in Herold from where he witnessed the trial, like most people, through the prism of press reports by others.
Thomas Gnielka had been diagnosed with skin cancer earlier that year, and by the time the trial ended, on 19 August 1965, he was dead.
Left with five children to look after, his widow now moved with the family to Frankfurt where she now plunged into a full-time career as a television journalist with Hessischer Rundfunk.
The film tells about the spoiled attention and arrogant scientist who meets a young woman, interested in him with her extraordinary and unpredictability.
He continued his research in this Institute and then at the Radiochemistry Laboratory of the Orsay (1968-98), which he directed for twelve years (1979-90).
His expertise covers the chemistry of the nuclear fuel cycle (from uranium mining to waste management and spent fuel reprocessing) and nuclear energy issues.
He has been a member or chairman of numerous French and international committees dealing with the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear energy, radioactive waste management and the synthesis and use of radionuclides for medicine.
The rest of his work can be linked to the common thread of the consequences of filling the atomic underlayer 5f on the physicochemical properties of actinides.
This filling plays an essential role in the behaviour of the 15 actinides, especially when these electrons are delocalized, from protactinium (Pa) to americium (Am).
This results in a high richness of oxidation degrees of the first actinides (usually from 3 to 6) and in the manifestation of particular effects in the series (electronic states characterized by the quantum number J).
Thus, he studied the thermodynamic consequences of the population of sublayer 5f on a series of solution complexes (citric complexes of trivalent actinides from Am to fermium (Fm).
After the curium (Cm), it is necessary, to carry out experiments, to synthesize isotopes of berkelium (Bk), einstenium (Es) and Fm by nuclear reactions with particle accelerators , and separate them from irradiated targets, which he did at Orsay.
At the same time, he participated in the study of thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of elements 5f (and 4f) in connection with electronic transfers between these elements and their environment: covalence in two-phase solvent extraction systems and crystal field effect on solids, in particular single crystals examined at 4 K.
Finally, he continued his research on the fundamental problems of radionuclide migration in the environment (speciation, concentration effect, retention on colloids) and selective separation of actinides/lanthanides from the elements constituting spent nuclear fuel.
His main lines of research are lexicology and lexicography, 19th century political language, specialised language and the didactics of the Spanish language.
At that time, they taught at this university Alonso Zamora Vicente, Fernando Lázaro Carreter and Antonio Tovar, especially with the couple formed by the former and María Josefa Canellada.
She was an assistant professor at that University (1960-1962) and between 1962 and 1963 Assistant of Spanish Language at the Bordeaux Academy; from 1963 to 1980 she taught at secondary schools in Vitoria, Murcia and Hospitalet de Llobregat.
From 1993 to the present, she is Professor of Spanish Philology at Universidad Pompeu Fabra and coordinated the research group Infolex of its Instituto Universitario de Lingüística Aplicada (University Institute of Applied Linguistics).
Currently (2015) she is Emeritus Professor of Spanish Philology at Universidad Pompeu Fabra and chaired AELEX (Asociación Española de Estudios Lexicográficos).
He served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Nationalised Services and Road Transport (1956-1959) and was a Member of Parliament from the Kurunegala.
A founding member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, he first contested successfully in the 1956 general elections from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the Kurunegala electorate and was elected to the House of Representatives defeating Dingiri Bandara Welagedara from the United National Party.
He was re-elected in the 1960 March general elections and 1960 July general elections, but was resigned on 20 December 1960 when he was found guilty by the Bribery Commission.
He unsuccessfully contested the 1965 general elections and the 1977 general elections as an independent candidate from the Kurunegala electorate having been defeated by Dingiri Bandara Welagedara.
Maryvale once had a station on the Main Western line and a railway was proposed between Maryvale Triangular Junction @ , North of Maryvale Station and Sandy Hollow, New South Wales on the Merriwa Branch Railway Line as part of a railway between Dubbo and Western NSW to Newcastle.
Only the Sandy Hollow–Gulgong section has been completed as part of Ulan Mine Rail Link to Newcastle, although most of the Earthworks, Culverts, Bridge Abutments etc & Tunnel No 5 of 5 (Sandy Hollow to Maryvale Railway Line) @ were constructed / built between Gulgong and Maryvale section between 1937 and 1951.
The men's team of four competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 6 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
Stadelmann was born in Berlin; he studied at the Berlin University of the Arts with Thomas Brandis, afterwards becoming a member of the .
Among them was not Martha's husband, whom she had been waiting for all these years, but nevertheless she remained faithful to him.
He was an important warrior and negotiator, bringing numerous Indigenous clans together in an armed resistance against the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot, squatters and the squatters' servants and other workers.
From 1841 over the course of decades, 1200 Indigenous warriors were opposed by, amongst others, the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot.
Multeggerah's tactics included road blocks made from felled trees, and setting an ambush site on a steep hill and in amongst bogs and heavy scrub.
Multeggerah was said by some to have lived to old age; but possibly died in 1846 as part of the continuing conflict.
A counter attack against the Indigenous battle group by more than 30 squatters and their servants was also turned back from the high ground by the use of spears and thrown rocks.
The women's team of four competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 6 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
She was a member of The Souls, an upper class circle that challenged the conventions and attitudes of their class in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Cust was born at Denton Hall to Victoria, Lady Welby, a philosophical writer and Sir William Earle Welby-Gregory, a politician and landowner.
Cust wrote a biography of her mother, Victoria, Lady Welby's first thirty years, entitled 'Wanderers: episodes from the travels of Lady Emmeline Stuart-Wortley and her daughter Victoria, 1849-1855'.
Cust's translation of 'Semantics; studies in the science of meaning' by Michel Jules Alfred Bréal presented the text's first appearance in English.
Cust exhibited her sculpture at the Royal Academy in 1906 showing a bust of her niece and in 1927, part of a model of her husband.
By the end of the abbacy of Berchtold von Falkenstein (died 10 June 1272), Count Rudolf of Habsburg began to restrict the influence the abbey had on the region of Thurgau.
An election for the successor of Berchtold ended in conflicting results, giving Rudolf the opportunity to seize more influence and become more involved in matters of the abbey (he was crowned king in 1273).
The convent, however, had chosen Heinrich von Wartenberg, whom the citizenry rejected on the grounds of being from the same family as Berchtold.
Additionally, Ulrich was a bad economist who amassed a large amount of debt for the city, in large parts due to his warring efforts against Heinrich von Wartenberg.
The Abbey's economic standing did not improve, however, as Rumo had to sell many treasures to pay the amassed debt and was generally seen as inept.
he was elected abbot from the dynasty of the counts of Montfort, which was hostile towards the abbey during Berchtold's abbacy and sided with Ulrich during the time of double rule.
While the spreading influence of the Montforts from the Rheintal to the Argengau had been a point of contention between the house and the convent, the electorate now sought to use the name of the counts for their own benefit.
Ulrich had influential secular brothers who boosted his election, among which were Rudolf I von Montfort, Ulrich I von Montfort as well as the later bishop of Chur, Friedrich von Montfort.
Wilhelm was forced to interrupt his first visit at the royal court in Augsburg abrubtly in December 1282 to avoid further impositions from the king.
Inhabitants of the abbey were so unhappy with Wilhelm's savings policy and his orders that every monk should be ordained priest, that they lodged a complaint at the royal court.
Their accusations were backed by the court and in 1287, Rudolf constricted Saint Gall's access to secular goods and used his influence on a papal legate to impose an anathema on Wilhelm.
However, when Wilhelm visited the king to finalise the peace, the agreement fell through and Rudolf forced Wilhelm to make further concessions towards the king's sons Albert I and Rudolf II.
When the ruling that Wilhelm was to be excommunicated was finalised, the king, followed by his sons Albert and Rudolf, appointed the abbot of Kempten, Konrad von Gundelfingen to be anti-abbot.
Bishop Friedrich was captured in a battle and died in 1290 when he attempted to escape from Werdenberg castle, which was controlled by Hugo von Montfort, who was on the king's side.
On the 25 July that same year, the citizens of the city of St. Gall, who had remained loyal to Wilhelm, reinstated him as the only legitimate abbot.
Wilhelm, along with other enemies of the late king, joined an alliance against count Albert which was being assembled by bishop Rudolf von Konstanz.
Albert was largely victorious, but Ulrich von Ramschwag's sons – Ulrich himself had been driven out of the city when Wilhelm returned – suffered a major defeat outside the city of St. Gall on the 15 February 1292.
In 1296, Wilhelm travelled to Austria to negotiate a peace treaty but had to leave without satisfying the wishes and hopes of everybody in St. Gall.
When a feud broke out between Albert and King Adolf of Germany, who was Rudolf I's successor, Wilhelm joined forces with the new king, as he had shown himself to be beneficial towards St. Gall.
After being granted assurances in the treaty of Schletstatt of 1 September 1297, the abbot consulted with King Adolf for the first time in the vicinity of Frankfurt to support him in his campaign against Albert I.
According to the contents of the contract, the implementation of which would be delayed and never completely finalised, the castle and the city of Schwarzenbach should have been broken broken up and the city of Wil would have been completely restored.
Adelaida Negri (December 11, 1950 – August 17, 2019) was an Argentinian opera soprano who recorded and performed at leading opera houses.
With the gold medal she was awarded by the Instituto Superior de Arte del Colón, the British Council helped fund her further study at the London Opera Centre.
She appeared in Don Carlo, Madama Butterfly, Aida, Macbeth, Mefistofele, La vida breve and Proserpina and in the premiere of Antígona Vélez, but her debut was at the Teatro Colon where had initially trained.
She became known for her roles in operas by Verdi and Puccini, but she was known for finding minor works by other composers.
She made her base in Europe where she was appearing in the major operas houses in Western Europe, but rarely in London.
Warner Brothers Pictures Inc v Nelson [1937] 1 KB 209 was a judicial decision of the English courts relating to the contract of employment between the actor, Bette Davis (who was sued under her married name) and Warner Bros.
The court upheld the contract, effectively forcing the actor to return to the United States to continue making films for Warner Bros. and complete the term of her contract.
She signed a contract with Warner Bros. which was expressed to last for 52 weeks, but which was renewable for a further 52 weeks at the option of Warner Bros.
Under the terms of that contract she was exclusively contracted to Warners Bros. and was precluded from performing for any other person.
Convinced that her career was being damaged by a succession of mediocre films, Davis accepted an offer in 1936 to appear in two films in Britain.
Knowing that she was breaching her contract with Warner Bros., she fled to Canada to avoid legal papers being served on her in the United States.
After outlining the facts, the court noted that this was the second such contract that Mrs Nelson (as she was referred to in the judgment) had signed, and that it was at considerably increased remuneration, and that the rate of remuneration increased with each passing week under the terms of the contract.
The contract also contained a provision that if Mrs Nelson refused to perform for any period, then the period of the contract was extended for a like period (clause 23).
The court noted that it had been heavily argued by her counsel that this was restraint of trade, although this has not been argued in the pleadings.
Having decided that the court affirmed it usual practice - that it would not order specific performance of a personal service.
The court then considered at great length the limits of what it could grant either by way of positive or by negative injunction.
Accordingly the court limited itself from injuncting Mrs Nelson from performing those services for any other person in breach of her contract.
The court rejected the argument that, because she could never earn as much doing anything else, this effectively forced her to perform her contract indirectly and was thus contrary to the law.
Reputation Institute is a research and insights company that analyzes the reputation of corporations and places, based on studies of consumer perceptions and media coverage.
It was started by two business school academics, Charles Fombrun and Cees van Riel, in 1999 and is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.
Fombrun and a doctoral student Violina Rindova then organized a conference on corporate reputation at New York University, which was later hosted in subsequent years by other academics and universities.
In 1999, Fombrun and van Riel founded Reputation Institute which took over the organizational responsibility of the annual corporate reputation conference.
The RQ model uses 20 questions analyzed to gather data from members of the public and evaluate the reputations of corporations and organizations.
In the 2015 Country RepTrak, Canada ranked 1st, United States ranked 22nd, and Mexico ranked 37th overall out of the 55 countries evaluated in the study.
In March 2019, Reputation Institute compiled and released the annual Global RepTrak 100 study, a ranking of corporate reputation is calculated after surveying more than 230,000 people from among the general public in 15 countries.
Their origin is uncertain; they may have come from the Upper Veltlin from the village of Mazzo or may have been a sideline of the lords of Tarasp.
For a time the lords of Matsch were one of the most powerful noble families in the Vinschgau and in present day Graubünden.
Commissioned by the wealthy French Jewish banker Louis Cahen d'Anvers in 1880, the painting depicts his daughter Irène Cahen d'Anvers at the age of 8.
In 2014, it appeared in the movie The Monuments Men as one of the pieces of art saved by the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program.
At the time, for an unknown reason, Louis was so dissatisfied with the painting that he hung it in the servants' quarters and delayed Renoir's payment of 1500 francs.
In 2014, it appeared in the movie The Monuments Men as one of the pieces of art saved by the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program.
The eldest daughter of the wealthy Jewish French banker Count Louis Cahen d'Anvers, she married Count Moïse de Camondo in 1891.
They separated in August 1897 after her affair with de Camondo's stable master, Count Charles Sampieri, whom she would later marry and divorce.
During World War I Nissim became a fighter pilot of the French Air Force and was killed in action in 1917 over Lorraine.
In 1935, Moïse de Camondo bequeathed his Parisian mansion, at 63 rue de Monceau, including its contents and a major collection of art, to the Musée des Arts Décoratifs to be used to create the Musée Nissim de Camondo in honour of his and Irène's son.
During World War II, Béatrice, her ex-husband and their two children were murdered by the Nazis in Auschwitz because of their Jewish ancestry.
Irène also had a daughter with Sampieri, Claude, who would marry the French fighter ace and race car driver André Dubonnet.
First a baritone at major opera houses in Europe, including the Vienna Imperial Opera, he was the managing director of the Leipzig Opera and the Estates Theatre in Prague.
After engagements as a baritone in Berlin, Cologne, Krakow, Ödenburg, Bratislava and Gdansk, he came to the Vienna Imperial Opera in 1862, where he remained active until 1876.
In May 1882 a guest performance took place in London, with the Julius Laubeschen Kapelle from Hamburg under the direction of the Leipzig Kapellmeister Anton Seidl.
Between September 1882 and June 1883 a total of 135 Ring performances and more than 50 Wagner concerts took place, among others in April 1883 (two months after Wagner's death) at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice.
In 1885 Neumann became artistic director of the Estates Theatre in Prague, whose new building he organized as Státní opera Praha (State Opera).
The film tells about the famous Tatar poet Musa Jalil, who ended up in the fascist prison of Moabit, where he wrote over 100 verses.
A total of 19 teams compete in the qualifying play-offs to decide the seven of the 36 places in the group stage of the 2020 AFC Cup.
The bracket of the qualifying play-offs for each zone was determined based on the association ranking of each team, with the team from the higher-ranked association hosting the second leg.
A total of 8 teams will play in the preliminary round 2: seven teams which enter in this round, and one winner of the preliminary round 1.
A total of 14 teams play in the play-off round: ten teams which enter in this round, and four winners of the preliminary round 2.
Hiltbold von Werstein (* before 1250; † 13 December 1329) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1318 until 1329 and in his capacity as domkustos also librarian of the Abbey Library.
He did, however, get closer to the Habsburg party and received an assurance of assistance from Duke Leopold, documented in a treaty from the 30 June 1319.
A document from 15 November 1323 reports the negotiations about a border dispute between Appenzell and Hundwil for which Hiltbold acted as mediator.
It is also recorded that on 27 November 1325, Leopold of Austria arranged a settlement for a dispute with the family of Toggenburg in which the abbot was implicated against his will.
Kuchimeister reports that Hiltbold spent the rest of his days after his abdication plagued by old age in Falkenstein Castle and subsequently Appenzell Castle.
He was compelled by his old age to entrust his seal with a conventual, a ministerialis and a citizen, who took over his administerial functions by the end of 1325 or the beginning of 1326.
She has a crew complement of 35, and is equipped with C-705 missiles, a 20mm Denel Vektor GI-2 main gun, and was later fitted with the AK-630 CIWS.
The 2019 Trofeo de Campeones de la Superliga Argentina was the 1st edition of the Trofeo de Campeones de la Superliga Argentina, an annual football match contested by the winners of the Argentine Primera División and Copa de la Superliga competitions.
It was played on 14 December 2019 at the Estadio José María Minella in Mar del Plata between Racing and Tigre.
Rimba Racer tells a young Rimba Grand Prix racer named Tag, in his story to become a leading champion in the racing tournament.
Located in the world of anthropomorphic animals, the center of the Rimba Racer takes place at the Rimba Grand Prix, a major competition among competitors in high-tech vehicles.
However, as Tag delves deeper into the world of the Rimba Grand Prix, it becomes clear that it's not what he imagined.
Some competitors are determined to win in a fair or dirty way, and the 'hidden power' is the true power behind the Grand Prix curtain.
It's up to Tag, and his teammates to challenge this evil team for the sport they love from the conspiracy and corruption scandal surrounding the competition.
On 1 October 2016, Rimba Racer Rush: Endless Race mobile game were developed and released by Spacepup Entertainment in collaboration with Glue Studios.
Bonobo is a 2018 Live Action short film directed by Swiss director Zoel Aeschbacher as a graduation film for his directing studies at the ECAL.
It has been selected and awarded at several film festivals including Palm Springs International Film Festival and the Brooklyn Film Festival where it won the Best Short Film Spirit Award.
When the elevator of their public housing breaks down, the fates of Felix, a disabled pensioner, Ana, a single mother struggling with her move and Seydou, a young man passionate about dance intertwine towards an explosive ending where their limits will be tested.
She had translated and published poems of Katherine Mansfield, William Blake, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Marianne Moore, James Laughlin, Seamus Heaney, Elizabeth Bishop, D. H. Lawrence, Louise Gluck, Anne Carson, Robert Hass, Anne Sexton, Joseph Brodsky, Ted Hughes, Robert Lowell, Kay Ryan, Sappho (from English), among other authors.
From 2018 until the end of April 2019, she held the chair of the Poetry Workshop II, which she created, at the National University of the Arts (UNA in Spanish).
She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IIs in 1989.
She was best known for her efforts to reform the American educational system in order to provide equity for women and African Americans, as well as facilitating the transfer of the Manhattanville College campus from New York City to Purchase, New York.
The values of religion and civic engagement were instilled in her from a young age, as her father, a prominent Savannah lawyer, was a member of such organizations as the American Irish Historical Society and the Knights of Columbus, as well as vice president of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, and president of the Female Orphans Benevolent Society.
Her mother died in 1903, and her father eventually remarried to Sara Lorene Wren, who happened to be a Manhattanville alumna from the class of 1900.
The following year, she became a member of the Society of the Sacred Heart, and after doing her noviceship at Kenwood Convent, she took her vows on December 8, 1918.
She got her first job out of college as the Directress of Studies at Convent of the Sacred Heart, Overbrook, which is now known as Sacred Heart Academy Bryn Mawr, from 1924 to 1928.
She then got another Bachelor’s degree from Oxford in 1933, and was subsequently employed at Manhattanville College as a history professor for the 1933-1934 school year.
O’Byrne was Manhattanville College’s president from 1945 to 1966, appointed as such after the unexpected death of her predecessor, Mother Grace Damman.
During her tenure as president, she tripled the worth of the school to $19.1 million, and increased alumni contributions from $65,000 in 1945 to $169,050 in 1965.
Additionally, she doubled the amount of faculty and increased the school’s enrollment from 399 students in her first year to 935 in her final.
City College was struggling to keep up with a boom of new students in the wake of World War II, and requested permission to take over Manhattanville’s campus on September 15, 1949.
Manhattanville got a new piece of land, the estate of Whitelaw Reid, a diplomat, that was located in Purchase, New York.
The old Manhattanville campus was officially absorbed by City College on October 27, 1951 by the City of New York’s right of eminent domain.
On August 28, 1963, she led two professors and six students from Manhattanville College to Washington D.C. in order to participate in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
She created and was a part of many organizations, like the Department of Education and New York state committees, the American Association of University Women, the College Entrance Examination Board, and White House Conference on Civil Rights, working in close proximity to political leaders like Robert F. Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller.
She made great strides for equality on a plethora of boards and committees, however, she was most proud of her efforts to aid the African American community.
In 1953, she started to try and convince the Association of American Colleges to make scholarships and fellowships open to black students.
She was also a director of Catholic Scholarships for Negroes Inc., a member of the United Negro College Fund, on the advisory committee of the John La Farge Institute, and advised the National Scholarship Service and Fund for Negro Students.
She was also awarded the Award of Palmes Academiques from France’s government as a form of recognition for how she had contributed to education in 1966.
Although she was no longer Manhattanville’s president, she did not cease her advocacy work, nor did she lose her sense of humor.
She continued to serve on New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller’s Commission on the Education and Employment of Women from 1963 to 1970, after which she began a more isolated retirement at Kenwood Convent, during which she worked on a classified educational project.
The 2020 LA Galaxy II season is the club's seventh season of existence, and their seventh season in the USL Championship, the second tier of the United States Soccer Pyramid.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Galaxy II's season.
Sherif Abdul-Kadhim Masabih Al-Imari (born 7 June 1996) is an Iraqi footballer who plays as a midfielder for Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya in the Iraqi Premier League.
The 2020 season is Balestier Khalsa's 25th consecutive season in the top flight of Singapore football and in the Singapore Premier League and the Singapore Cup.
The Trinity Building, designed by Francis H. Kimball and built in 1905, with an addition of 1907, and Kimball's United States Realty Building of 1907, located respectively at 111 and 115 Broadway in Manhattan's Financial District, are among the first Gothic-inspired skyscrapers in New York, and both are New York City designated landmarks.
The Trinity Building, adjacent to the churchyard of Richard Upjohn's neo-Gothic Trinity Church, replaced an 1853 Upjohn structure of the same name.
Earlier, the Van Cortlandt sugar house stood on the west end of the plot – a notorious British prison where American soldiers were held during the Revolutionary War.
The Van Cortlandt sugar house, on the southeast corner of Thames Street and Trinity Place, adjoining Trinity Churchyard, was demolished in 1852.
The sugar house occupied the western end of a narrow strip of land bordering the churchyard, measuring 40 feet on Broadway, 46 feet on Trinity Place, 259 feet along the graveyard, and 263 feet on Thames Street.
It was a frame structure, said to be favored by the clerks and traveling salesmen in the dry goods trade, which centered in that neighborhood at the time.
Claflin, together with associates, replaced the sugar house and hotel with a new building, huge for its time, occupying the entire strip: five neo-Romanesque stories of yellowish brick with terracotta trim, except the basement, which was cut brownstone.
The basement was below Broadway but above Trinity Place, owing to the land slope, and was completely given over to the dry goods store of Claflin, Mellin & Company.
Richard Upjohn moved his office into the building and in 1857 was one of the founders of the American Institute of Architects, which was established there.
The real estate business of Peter F. Meyer & Co. – Richard Croker and Peter F. Meyer – had offices in the building almost continuously for 43 years.
When the building was finally emptied on April 30, 1903, a list of individuals and firms was published with their new addresses; it comprised more than 130 names, mostly lawyers and real estate businesses.
In 1901 Harry S. Black, who had just taken over the George A. Fuller Company from his late father-in-law, established the United States Realty and Construction Company, a powerhouse development organization with some of the biggest names in New York real estate, including Robert Dowling, Henry Morgenthau, Cornelius Vanderbilt and Charles F. Hoffman.
It then acquired a large percentage of the George A. Fuller Company (general contractor for these commissions), and the well-established New York Realty Corporation, among other holdings.
The corporation was formed to combine three functions: to purchase real estate for investment and sale, to erect buildings through the George A. Fuller Company, and to raise capital to do both.
But acquisition delays held that project up, and U. S. Realty went ahead with a 21-story building on the site of the Trinity Building itself, 40 feet wide and 290 feet high.
The north wall of the Trinity Building was left in utilitarian brick, so the building could be expanded They were actually built two years apart and not as identical structures.
To attain maximum exposure to light for both skyscrapers with a minimum of interior offices, it was planned that the buildings would be erected on equal, full-block sites.
To secure equal sites, however, municipal consent was needed to move the existing Thames Street approximately twenty-eight feet to the north, and to permanently close the south half of two-block-long Temple Street, which originally ran between Thames and Liberty Streets, bisecting the site of the U.S. Realty Building.
The commission for the design of both was given to Francis H. Kimball, a devoted and prolific Gothic Revivalist who was an early advocate of Neo-Gothic style for office buildings.
Trinity's dimensions are roughly 69 feet on Broadway, 74 feet on Trinity Place, 260 feet along the churchyard, and 264 feet along Thames Street.
The basements are clad in granite, and above them the curtain wall is Indiana limestone richly ornamented with a wide variety of gargoyles.
The Broadway elevations of the 1905 building and U.S. Realty are each symmetrical and identical in design except the former is narrower.
In 1912, a copper-clad addition was erected on a portion of the roof of the U.S. Realty Building as a second story for the new Lawyers Club.
Kimball had developed a technique in the 1891–92 iron-and-steel-framed Fifth Avenue Theatre for constructing foundations with concrete cylinders sunk by mechanical means, that was a precursor of the later pneumatic caisson system of skyscraper foundation construction.
The seminal 1893–94 17-story Manhattan Life Insurance Building, by Kimball and his partner at the time, George Kramer Thompson, is credited with being the first skyscraper with a full iron and steel frame, set on pneumatic concrete caissons (although the front masonry wall was load-bearing).
The foundations of the 1905 Trinity Building, installed in early 1904, consist of 50 caissons, 32 of wood and 18 of steel.
These caissons were sunk through quicksand to bedrock, an average depth of 80 feet below the curb, and may have been the deepest foundations ever put down in New York to that time.
The caissons and columns forming the north wall were designed in anticipation of the extension, in order to obviate the construction of a new line of caissons for it.
This foundation and the extension of Trinity were commenced in June 1906 and practically finished in August – 60 days – an unparalleled achievement.
Not only did these two buildings set world records for rapidity of construction, but they were also considered to be the costliest business structures ever, together totaling $15 million, including land.
For decades after 1907, of the four large facades only one was visible from a distance of more than 34 feet: the south side of the Trinity Building, lining the open churchyard.
In the early 1970s, however, those buildings were demolished and replaced by Zuccotti Park (then called Liberty Plaza Park), making 115 Broadway as visually prominent as 111.
Matafia Šeinbergas (also Matafia Šembergas or Matafia Scheinberg; 17 November 1909 — 11 September 2002) was a Lithuanian chess player, medical scientist (immunologist, microbiologist, virologist), and the father of Isai Scheinberg, founder of PokerStars.
In 1927, Šeinbergas participated in six player double round robin chess tournament in Kaunas, the winner of which won the right to play a match with Aleksandras Machtas, the chess champion of Kaunas city.
After the disintegration of the Republican army at the beginning of 1939, Šeinbergas was interned in camps for defeated Spanish Republicans in France.
Šeinbergas also continued his education, successfully defending his Doctor of Sciences thesis, on the role of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in prenatal human pathology, in 1980, at the age of 71.
A total of 36 teams will compete in the group stage to decide the 11 places in the knockout stage of the 2020 AFC Cup.
The draw for the group stage was held on 10 December 2019, 14:00 MYT (), at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The 36 teams were drawn into nine groups of four: three groups each in the West Asia Zone (Groups A–C) and the ASEAN Zone (Groups F–H), and one group each in the Central Asia Zone (Group D), the South Asia Zone (Group E), and the East Asia Zone (Group I).
The following 36 teams enter into the group stage draw, which include the 29 direct entrants and the seven winners of the play-off round of the qualifying play-offs, whose identity was not known at the time of the draw.
In the event that a group contains only three teams, it may be played on a double round-robin basis hosted by two of the teams if at least two of the three teams agree to this format (Regulations Article 10.1.7).
The teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss).
The schedule of each matchday is as follows (W: West Asia Zone; C: Central Asia Zone; S: South Asia Zone; A: ASEAN Zone; E: East Asia Zone).
The app originally featured four AI-powered modes with auto adjustment features as well as a photo gallery with batch editing tools.
It was revealed influencer Tupi Saravia was using Quickshot’s most well-known feature, the Sky feature to insert the same cloud formation image into her pictures.
List of Ireland women's national rugby union players is a list of women who have played for the Ireland national rugby union team.
Wilfred Ibbotson (1 October 1926–2014) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Sheffield Wednesday.
18-6135, is a pending case of the United States Supreme Court in which the justices will consider whether or not the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution allowed states to legislatively abolish the Insanity defense in criminal cases.
The codification of the M'Naghten rules, which have been referenced in one form or another in US law as well as UK law, indicates that someone may be found not guilty of a crime because of a mental condition which prevents them from either controlling their actions or from knowing whether their actions were right or wrong.
Instead, defendants suffering from mental illness were only permitted to argue that their mental illness prevent them from forming the specific intent (or mens rea) needed to commit the crime.
Case Two: The defendant, due to insanity, believes that a wolf, a supernatural figure, has ordered him to kill the victim.
In Case One, the defendant does not know he has killed a human being, and his insanity negates a mental element necessary to commit the crime.
In Case Two, the defendant has intentionally killed a victim whom he knows is a human being; he possesses the necessary mens rea.
In both cases the defendant is unable, due to insanity, to appreciate the true quality of his act, and therefore unable to perceive that it is wrong.
But … the defendant in Case One could defend the charge by arguing that he lacked the mens rea, whereas the defendant in Case Two would not be able to raise a defense based on his mental illness.
In late 2009, James Kahler was arrested and charged with four counts of first-degree murder with the murder of four members of his family: his ex-wife, his wife's grandmother, and his two teenage daughters.
At the time of the murder, they asserted that he suffered from depression and had a obsessive-compulsive, narcissistic, and histrionic personality.
The prosecution's psychiatrist conceded that Kahler indeed suffered from clinical depression but argued that he was still capable of planning the murders.
Accordingly, Kahler appealed his case to the Kansas Supreme Court, raising ten issues related to the conduct of the trial and actions taken by the judge and prosecutor.
The same arguments made by Kahler were considered and rejected by this court in State v. Bethel, 275 Kan. 456, 66 P.3d 840 (2003).
The Bethel court conducted a thorough review of the pertinent decisions of the United States Supreme Court and other states that had considered the issue.
275 Kan. at 473; see State v. Searcy, 118 Idaho 632, 798 P.2d 914 (1990) (finding mens rea approach of state statute did not violate due process); State v. Korell, 213 Mont.
Kahler relies on Finger v. State, 117 Nev. 548, 569, 27 P.3d 66 (2001), in which the Nevada Supreme Court held legal insanity is a fundamental principle of the criminal law of this country.
But the Bethel court considered and rejected the reasoning of the Nevada Supreme Court in Finger, and we adhere to our Bethel decision.
The Kansas Supreme Court acknowledged that the judge had made errors in handling the case but did not deem these errors significant enough to warrant a new trial or to vacate Kahler's convictions or sentences.
At issue in the case is whether the lack of an insanity defense violates the due process clause of the 14th Amendment and 8th Amendment.
Sarah Schrup, the head of the Northwestern University School of Law Supreme Court practicum, argued the case before the Court on behalf of Kahler.
Kahler's argument is that the M'naghten rule represents the codification of a legal concept that goes back all the way to Medieval common law and should be considered part of the due process of law.
His argument asserts that, for centuries, defendants were held culpable only when they were able to distinguish between right and wrong and that people who were legally insane did not have the capacity to do so.
The state's argument emphasized the importance of federalism, allowing states the autonomy to make their own laws within the framework of the state and federal constitutions.
The state also noted that the definition of insanity has varied in different ways throughout history and that one version (the M'naghten rule) should not be viewed as an inherent aspect of due process.
After engagements at the Burgtheater and an affair with Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria she married the Hungarian nobleman Miklós Kázmér (Nikolaus Casimir) Török de Szendrő on 20 May 1880.
In the Klassik Stiftung Weimar and art collections a letter from Buska to Julius Rodenberg is kept; in the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek there are several autographs of the actress, especially from the collection of Otto Frankfurter.
In the Alfred Reucker-Archive of the Akademie der Künste are also autographs and photos by Buska from the time of Angelo Neumann's death in December 1910.
The station was opened on 4 October 1887 and is the terminus of the Perković-Šibenik railway, a branch of M604 railway connecting Zagreb and Split via Knin.
Siverić-Split line, the first railway line in Dalmatia, was built between 1874-6 to enable the exploitation of coal pits near Siverić and facilitate its export via Split harbor.
As a last option to the disputed 1974 election, John A. Durkin petitioned the Senate, which had a 60-vote Democratic majority, to review the case, based on the that each house of Congress is the final arbiter of elections to that body.
On January 13, 1975, the day before the new Congress convened, the Senate Rules Committee tried unsuccessfully to resolve the matter.
Composed of five Democrats and three Republicans, the Rules Committee deadlocked 4–4 on a proposal to seat Wyman pending further review.
The full Senate took up the case on January 14, with Wyman and Durkin seated at separate tables at the rear of the chamber.
Soon, the matter was returned to the Rules Committee, which created a special staff panel to examine 3,500 questionable ballots that had been shipped to Washington.
Following this review, the Rules Committee sent a report of 35 disputed points in the election to the full Senate, which spent the next six weeks debating the issue, but resolved only one of the 35 points in dispute.
Durkin initially refused, but then on July 29, reversed his earlier position, and announced to a New Hampshire television audience his intention to agree to the new election.
The next morning, July 30, he reported this change to the Democratic leadership, thus relieving the Senate from further deliberations on the topic.
The film tells about the daughter of Santa Claus and the Beauty of Spring, who met Lel, who immediately fell in love and her heart melted.
The film tells about the doctor Sedov, who is forced to make a difficult decision about heart surgery of the famous mathematician.
Alexander Vincent Lennon (25 October 1925–1992) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Queens Park Rangers.
Li Siqi (; born 30 August 1997) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Serbian First League side Smederevo.
Stan Mercer (11 September 1919–2003) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Accrington Stanley, Leicester City and Mansfield Town where he also had a spell as manager.
He is a member of Nigeria Federal House of Representatives holding assignment for  Ondo East/Ondo West federal constituency  of  Nigeria’s western state of Ondo.
In 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Makinde National Board Member of Nigeria Literacy Commission and was on the assignment until 2015 when President Jonathan and People's Democratic Party, PDP lost federal power to then opposition All Progressives Congress, APC.
in 2019,  Makinde and his wife , Rhoda  were awarded Honourary Doctorate degree in Business Administration  by Global Oved Dei Seminary and University, Florida, USA.
In 2000, Makinde enrolled for some preliminary courses in Northern Virginia Community College, USA and was later admitted to the University of Maryland, University College, USA where he graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Information system in 2006.
Makinde sponsored five youths of his Ondo west Local Government area to India for a training in processing of bamboo into finished products.
His  political popularity started from here as his community development and empowerment programmes brought him closer to the grass root people.
Makinde in 2014 emerged Publicity Secretary of the Peoples’ Democratic Party, PDP South-west zone  of Nigeria upgrading his political profile to a regional politician.
He defected to a newly registered low profile political party, African Democratic Congress, ADC to pursue his ambition to take the seat of  Ondo East/West federal constituency in the Nigeria’s Federal House of Representatives.
He caused a major political upset with his victory at the polls against two major political parties, the ruling All Progressives Congress and his former party, PDP.
Makinde of the ADC polled  19,083 votes to defeat his two major challengers,  Ajibayo John Adeyeye of the ruling APC  with 11,935 and the PDP’s candidate, Adeduro Charles Adeyemi with 9,929 votes.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Women started on 5 December 2019 in Östersund and will finished on 18 February 2020 in Antholz-Anterselva.
The distance skied is usually 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) with a fixed penalty time of one minute per missed target that is added to the skiing time of the biathlete.
Realising there was no national advocacy organisation for families living with CHD, she founded the PCHA in 2013 along with her friend David Kasnic.
The PCHA developed the Guided Question Tool with families to help them navigate the health care system when their child is diagosed with CHD.
Several Children's hospitals in the USA, including Lurie Children's Hospital and Children's Hospital Colorado, now produce information for families that is based on the Guided Question Tool and designed to address the PCHA's call for transparency.
Basken was instrumental in advocating for, and helping to pass, the Congenital Heart Futures Reauthorization Act that was passed by US Congress and became US law in 2018.
The law authorizes $10 million in research, data collection, and awareness activities, at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) over the next 5 years, more than double previous funding.
Impressed by the potential, the Milsteins changed their tiny factory into a Romanian restaurant, serving the cuisine they had learned from the neighbors.
Sakee () is a 2019 Sri Lankan Sinhala children's' drama film directed and produced by Indika Wickramarachchi for Samagi Films collaborated with Youth Cinema Resort.
It stars new cast of actors and actresses where Mike Prasin, Krishmi Cooray and Upul Weerasinghe in lead roles along with Ama Kavindya and Rohitha Manawaduge.
John Chaunce (fl.1363-1388) of Reigate, Surrey, was an English Member of Parliament for Reigate in 1363, 1366, 1368, 1372, May 1382, November 1384 and February 1388.
The forests were cut down and developed into habitable areas and the administration is strengthened by the capital city of Manikandapuram.
The Manikandapuram Sreekrishna Temple was built in the 12th century by Thekkumkur king Eravi Manikanda Varman (reign: 1150 - 1180 C.E).
The construction of the temple and the installation of the idol of Lord Krishna took place on the 25th day of Malayalam month Medam (Meṣa) in Kollam Era 325 (1150 C.E).
During the royal hunting (Pallivetta) in the temple, the king Eravi Manikandan shot an animal he saw, but it was a cow.
There is evidence that the fort and the tunnels were at Manikandapuram, as were the later headquarters of the Thekkumkur monarchy at Changanassery and Thaliyanthanapuram (Kottayam).
Rudolf III von Montfort (* between 1260 and 1275; † 27 or 28 March 1334 in Arbon) was bishop of Chur (1322–1325) and Konstanz (1322–1334).
Rudolf was the son of Rudolf II († 1302), Count of Montfort-Feldkirch, a collateral line of the County palatines of Tübingen.
After the early death of their brother Hugo IV († 1310), Rudolf and his younger brother Ulrich II – himself a cleric († 1350) – became regents for their underage nephews.
Rudolf's clerical career was largely similar to his uncle Friedrich von Montfort's († 1290): He became canon in 1283 and provost in Chur in 1307.
After the death of Chur's bishop Siegfried von Gelnhausen († 1321), Rudolf was appointed his successor and took office on 19 July 1322.
He retained the position in Chur as administrator until he was replaced by the Konstanz Canon Johann Pfefferhard on 12 July 1325.
Between 1330 and 1333 he was also administrator of the Abbey of Saint Gall, where some years prior, Rudolf's uncle Wilhelm von Montfort († 1301) had been presiding as prince-abbot between 1281 and 1301.
In the struggle for the throne between Louis the Bavarian and the Habsburg Frederick the Fair, Rudolf and his brother Ulrich sided – against tradition of the counts of Montfort – with Habsburg.
Rudolf was caught in the crossfire when the imperial city of Konstanz sided with King Louis and the king made peace with the Habsburgs.
In 1333, the pope placed an anathema on him and lifted him from his administrative position in the abbey of Saint Gall.
Olga Fitzroy is a recording and mix engineer at Associated Independent Recording (AIR) studios and campaigner for shared parental leave and fair pay.
She initially wanted to be a drummer in a punk rock band, but completed a Tonmeister degree at the University of Surrey which included a placement as a runner at Associated Independent Recording (AIR) studios.
She has worked with George Michael, Paul McCartney on the Love album, Chris Martin from Coldplay, Dave Grohl from the Foo Fighters, Matt Bellamy from Muse and Hans Zimmer.
Fitzroy stood as prospective parliamentary candidate for the Labour party in Croydon South in the 2019 General Election against the winning conservative incumbent Chris Philp.
2020 Chinese FA Super Cup (Chinese: 2020中国足球协会超级杯) will be the 18th Chinese FA Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Chinese Super League and FA Cup competitions.
The match was scheduled to be played between Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao, champions of the 2019 Chinese Super League, and Shanghai Greenland Shenhua, the winner of the 2019 Chinese FA Cup on 5 February 2020.
SK Brann were in their 9th final (4 wins and 4 runners-up), while Molde were in their first ever final and therefore had the chance to win the first major trophy in the club's history.
The goal scorers for the winning team were Geir Austvik after 17 minutes, Ingvar Dalhaug after 42 minutes and Neil MacLeod after 58 minutes.
The Jacob River is a tributary of the north shore of the Malbaie River flowing generally southward successively into zec du Lac-au-Sable into the unorganized territory of Mont-Élie, in the city of La Malbaie and in the city of Clermont at the end of the course, in Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada.
With a difference of , the Jacob River flows southerly in a forest zone between the Snigole River (West side) and the Comporté River (East side).
After several rounds of rapids, waterfalls and falls in the forest area, the Jacob River flows into the Malbaie River in front of downtown Clermont.
This small forest valley is mostly accessible in its lower part by the Marais road which goes to the North, and in its upper part by a secondary forest road serving the west bank of the river.
This lake is enclosed by mountains with a peak of in the east, in the southwest, and another of to the northwest.
For regulatory purposes, a low-capacity dam owned by the Government of Quebec was erected on the Jacob River upstream of the mouth of the Jacob River.
The confluence of the Jacob River is located opposite a municipal park in downtown Clermont, at downstream of the dam which creates a widening of the Malbaie River and a hundred meters upstream from the railway bridge over the Malbaie River in downtown Clermont.
According to the Commission de toponymie du Québec, four mills were built and operated along its route: two saw mills, a flour mill and a wool card mill.
He was ordained on 15 November 1753 and began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at his father's church, St Mary, Shandon.
In October 2016, Finn and his handler confronted a youth who was suspected of being armed; both the dog and the police officer were stabbed with a large knife.
On 5 October 2016, Finn's handler, PC Dave Wardell, operating with the Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Police Dog Unit, was called to an incident in Stevenage where there was a search for a male suspect, believed to be armed.
After a shouted warning, PC Wardell released Finn and the dog seized the youth's leg as he was attempting to escape over a fence.
Falling on the ground together, the suspect stabbed the dog in the chest with a large knife, before making a second attack in which he slashed the dog's head and PC Wardell's hand.
When other officers arrived, Finn was taken to a veterinarian and then on to a specialist where he received emergency surgery in which part of his lung was removed.
Finn recovered from the attack and returned to duty eleven weeks later, before retiring due to age, shortly before his eighth birthday in March 2017.
In May 2017 at Stevenage Youth Court, a 16 year-old boy from Lewisham in south London was convicted of assault occasioning actual bodily harm for the attack on PC Wardell, but could only be convicted of criminal damage for stabbing the dog.
However, PC Wardell's Member of Parliament, Sir Oliver Heald, took the matter further by proposing a private member's bill, the Animal Welfare (Service Animals) Bill, which was debated in the House of Commons on 5 December 2017.
The bill completed all the parliamentary stages and received Royal Assent on 8 April 2019 as the Animal Welfare (Service Animals) Act 2019. and came into force in June 2019.
The railway was, after the Lausanne–Echallens (1873), the Rigi-Scheidegg (1874), the Herisau–Urnäsch (1875) and the Waldenburg (1880) lines, one of the first Swiss narrow gauge railways and served as a model for many similar operations.
A very high level of performance was required for the steam locomotives as the line had gradients of up to 4.0 percent.
The electric supply to the catenary of the two lines was carried out through a substation in Tramelan, which was equipped with backup batteries.
The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 led to increased traffic at the TBN and led to financial relief.
TT and the TBN, which opened in 1913, formed a joint operating arrangement and operated the line with the electric rolling stock running through from Tavannes to Le Noirmont.
The Saignelégier-La Chaux-de-Fonds Railway (SC) continued to use steam locomotives on the line from Le Noirmont to La Chaux-de-Fonds which made through running difficult.
Since 1 May 1921, standard gauge freight cars have been loaded on transporter wagons in Tavannes, so that they can be carried on the narrow gauge line to Le Noirmont.
On 1 January 1927, the two electrically operated railways TT and TBN, which previously formed a joint venture, joined together to form the Tavannes–Le Noirmont Railway (CTN).
The Tavannes–Noirmont Railway was merged on 1 January 1944 with the SC and two standard gauge railways, the Régional Saignelégier–Glovelier (RSG) and the Régional Porrentruy–Bonfol (RPB) to form the Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ).
With the merger of the four railway companies in the then Bernese Jura, the foundation was laid for a comprehensive technical renovation.
A train carrying railway staff crashed into a train carrying train axles at Orange between Tramelan and Tavannes on 27 October 1953.
A depot in Tramelan, where the workshop for all CJ vehicles is located, is used to maintain rolling stock used in regular traffic.
After Tramelan station, the line climbs at 5.0 percent on a winding route to the hamlet of Les Reussilles where the Franches-Montagnes plateau starts.
The line then passes through a tight right-hander and reaches the halt of Les Breuleux-Eglise, the highest point of the line.
After passing through beautiful forests and pastures, the line descends on a grade of 4.4 percent to reach Le Noirmont, where the narrow-gauge line from Saignelégier enters the station from the right.
The Swedish PGA Championship is a golf tournament played annually in Sweden, for men since 1970 and for women since 1997.
It is an event on the Swedish Golf Tour schedule for both men and women respectively and the Nordic Golf League for men.
Since 1984, when tournament professionals had been dominating the event for several years, there is also a Swedish club pro PGA championship, limited to club professionals in Sweden.
Burden was photographed firing shots with a pistol at a Boeing 747 passenger airplane while it took off from Los Angeles International Airport at about 8am on January 5, 1973.
At the airport everybody’s being searched for guns, and here I am on the beach and it looks like I'm plucking planes out of the sky.
The piece is one of a number of photographs of Burden's work that in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Holt played in the qualifying for the 1938 World Snooker Championship, beating Charles Read 21-10 before losing 8–23 to Fred Davis.
He set up a billiard table and cue sorts equipment business in the 1930s and sold billiard tables to celebrities including Michael Caine, John Lennon and Tom Jones.
He established a snooker club in Great Windmill Street in the 1960s that went on to host the English Amateur Championship and Women's Billiards Association events.
Holly Harris (born 2 November 2002) is an Australian figure skater who currently competes in ice dancing and formerly competed in ladies' singles.
In 1981 Ann Mackay won the Concert Artists Guild of America Amcon Award following which she gave her New York debut at Carnegie Hall and toured the United States.
In 1989 Mackay sang in John Rutter's Requiem under the direction of the composer at the Three Choirs Festival in Hereford.
Her subsequent Handel performances in the roles of Bernedice, Parthenope and Alcina with the Cambridge Handel Opera Group in the 1990s won her critical acclaim.
Other recordings include a series, for Meridian, with the English Piano Trio of Scottish folk song arrangements by Haydn and Beethoven.
He won the qualifying tournament with a score of 7½ of 11 (half a point ahead Ragnar Krogius, Birger Axel Rasmusson and Erkki Vilen), but then lost 2:4 Edgar Lindroos in the match for the right to challenge the title against Anatol Tschepurnoff (in a match with Lindroos Chepurnov was able to defend the title of champion of Finland).
In addition to materials on the chess life of Finland, in the early years of the magazine's existence, articles were published in it Emanuel Lasker and Siegbert Tarrasch.
In 1931, due to a sharp deterioration in health, Ilmari Rahm left the practical chess game and left all posts in the federation, club and magazine.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
During the year, multiple acts received their first number-one albums, such as The Raconteurs, Chris Brown, Dreamville, J. Cole, Ed Sheeran, NF, Drake, Slipknot, Young Thug, Taylor Swift, Tool, Post Malone, DaBaby, SuperM, YoungBoy Never Broke Again, Kanye West, Luke Combs, Celine Dion, Trippie Redd, Roddy Ricch, and Harry Styles.
The list is voted for by a panel of experts ranging from players and coaches to journalists and broadcasters from around the world.
Judges are sent a longlist of 450 footballers and asked to rank their top 40 who are given a corresponding points value.
In 2019, the panel consisted of 93 judges from 44 countries across five continents including newly-appointed USWNT and reigning NWSL champion head coach Vlatko Andonovski, and FIFA Female Player of the Century and legendary China international Sun Wen.
Lucy Bronze, Wendie Renard and Ada Hegerberg are the only players to be Top 10 selections in every Top 100 edition.
Clubs are counted when a player in the Top 100 played for that team in the same calendar year they were selected.
He spent his childhood and youth in Essen, where he already prepared himself for the music teacher examination during his period at the Essener Konservatorium (1911-1921) and completed this in 1921 in the main subject piano.
After one semester at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität he moved to the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, where he was a student of Johannes Wolf, Hermann Abert, Curt Sachs and Erich Moritz von Hornbostel.
Heinz Drewes, whom he knew from his time as a student in Berlin, brought him to the Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda in 1937, where he was a consultant in Department X (music) until 1939.
Until 1937 Albrecht held several teaching positions at music schools, among other at the Witte Conservatory Essen (1925-1933), at the Sievert Conservatory Wuppertal (1925-1935) and at the Folkwang School Food (1933-1937).
A habilitation was initially not possible for him, since the musicological institutes in University of Cologne and the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn had no free chair.
On 4 June 1942 he was habilitated at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel with a thesis on the life and work of Caspar Othmayr.
In 1947 he joined the musicological institute of the Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel as private lecturer in Kiel, where he taught until his death.
From 1954 to 1959 he worked as a research assistant at the German Music Historical Archive in Kassel, which was supervised by the .
Camilla Croudace (29 January 1844 – 3 April 1926) was a British supporter of education for women serving from 1881 to 1906 as Lady Resident at Queens College London.
Croudace was educated in London where she went to secondary school at Queens College London where she greatly admired the school's founder F. D. Maurice.
It was not her role to teach but to look after the girls and to ensure discipline and the school's ethos was upheld.
Andrey Lopes dos Santos (born 18 October 1973) is a Brazilian football manager, and is the current assistant manager of Palmeiras.
On 7 September 2010, he was named Renato Portaluppi's assistant at the main squad, but returned to his previous role the following 4 August.
Dismissed by Grêmio in 2012, Lopes was manager of Cerâmica's under-20s for a short period before joining Dunga's staff back at Internacional in December of that year.
On 22 July 2014, after Dunga was named manager of the Brazil national team, Lopes was again appointed as his assistant.
He left in October of the following year, after Dunga was fired, and was named assistant at Palmeiras on 12 December 2017.
Landsdelsserien is a former division in Norwegian football and from 1951 to 1962, it was the second tier division in the Norwegian football league system.
Following the creation of the new 1. divisjon in 1963, the division folded and its district groups were replaced by national groups in the new second tier; 2. divisjon.
Teams from Northern Norway did not participate in the national league system until 1972 and thus did not participate in Landsdelsserien.
In 1960, the Austinville name was attached to a newly-created census division, and included the towns of Flint City and Trinity.
His father was from Venezuela and his mother was from Santiago de Cuba, the same city that Muñoz was born in.
He was promoted to Lieutenant colonel for his service to Spain during the Ten Years' War, then to General after returning to Spain and fighting during the Third Carlist War.
The married ladies are invited to their paternal families for a feast (Chakouba) to be had together with their brothers (especially) and other family members.
Mineralne (; ) is a settlement in Yasynuvata Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 11.3 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city, on the right bank of the Kalmius river.
Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani, a second lieutenant in the Royal Saudi Air Force, was participating in a training program sponsored by the Pentagon as part of a security cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia.
A Department of Defense official stated that more than 850 Saudi nationals are in the U.S. participating in the training program, which includes English, basic aviation, and initial pilot training.
Saudi Arabia is one of many countries allied to the United States that send members of their military to the naval station for training.
Prior to the attack, at 6:39 a.m. a message on Twitter was posted by a user using the handle @M7MD_SHAMRANI, which declared hate for Americans due to its support of Israel.
when the suspect, armed with a 9mm Glock handgun and several extra magazines, opened fire in one of the classroom buildings.
One of the victims was able to make his way away from the scene to alert the first response team of the location of the shooter amongst other details.
The outside of the building was videotaped by another Saudi student while the shooting was occurring, as two additional Saudi students watched the shooting from a car.
The student who was filming, and the other two students, had attended a dinner party hosted by the perpetrator prior to the attack.
The shooter killed three U.S. Navy sailors, and injured eight others who were taken to the hospital, including the two deputies who sustained gunshots to their limbs.
Of the deceased, two were declared dead at the navy base and the third, who was able to get to authorities and give them a description of the shooter, died at the hospital.
The three victims who died from their injuries were a 19-year-old airman from St. Petersburg, Florida; a 23-year-old ensign and recent graduate of the United States Naval Academy from Coffee, Alabama; and a 21-year-old airman apprentice from Richmond Hill, Georgia.
The FBI identified the gunman as Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani, 21, a second lieutenant in the Royal Saudi Air Force, and said he was the sole shooter.
His training with the program began in August 2017 and was scheduled to conclude in August 2020, and included initial pilot training, basic aviation, and English-language instruction.
SITE Intelligence Group said that someone who may have been Alshamrani posted a justification of the planned attack on Twitter before the shooting.
The post referred to U.S. wars in Muslim countries, wrote of his hatred for the American people, criticized Washington’s support of Israel, and quoted Osama bin Laden and Anwar al-Awlaki.
Prior to the shooting, the perpetrator had hosted a dinner party at which he and three other Saudi students had watched videos of other US mass shootings.
Due to the attack, the national anthem was not played on the loudspeakers of the base at 8:00 a.m., as was otherwise customary.
The store Wings & Things Monogramming and its parking lot was used as a congregation area for many military members who were not able to enter the locked-down base.
Investigators are looking for any signs of radicalization in the perpetrator's upbringing, and whether the attack was an act of terror.
Officials reported that the perpetrator had obtained a hunting license which allows for non-immigrants on a non-immigrant visa to purchase a gun.
On December 11, a Saudi government analysis revealed that the shooter appears to have embraced radical ideology as early as 2015.
A Twitter account believed to have been used by al-Shamrani, indicates that four religious figures described as radical appear to have shaped his extremist thoughts.
Another investigation was opened by Defense Secretary Mark Esper into the vetting measures that go into accepting foreign nationals into the United States to train with the military.
Florida senators Marco Rubio and Rick Scott called for thorough investigations of military training programs for foreign nationals on U.S. soil, and possible flaws in the trainee vetting processes.
The king of Saudi Arabia, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, called President Donald Trump who posted about the call on December 6, through Twitter.
The 2019 COSAFA U-20 Cup was the 26th edition of the COSAFA U-20 Challenge Cup, an international youth competition open to national associations of the COSAFA region.
A 20-member Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture was subsequently created in 1963, with 12 members appointed by the British and French Resident Commissioners (eight from the indigenous population and four Europeans) and eight elected European members; four from the agriculture sector and four from the commerce and industry sector.
The right to vote was limited to people with a trading licence, and only around 230 people – mostly Europeans – were eligible to vote.
In 1964 the Advisory Council was reconstituted to include four members elected by the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (two British and two French) and four elected by the four district councils.
Guichard, Leca (French), Seagoe and Solway (British) were elected by the Chamber, whilst John Kalsakau (Central 1), Joseph d'Uripiv (Central 2), Michael Ala (Northern) and Jean-Marie Leyhe (Southern) were elected by the district councils.
He played on the Canadian national sledge hockey team from 1993 to 1994 and won a bronze medal at the 1994 Winter Paralympics.
Ivan Ilich Dolgikh () (1904 – 1 October 1961) was a Soviet police officer, a notorious torturer, and the head of the Gulag system of labour camps.
A Russian, born in of Oryol Governorate, and educated at Moscow, Dolgikh joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1931, and was appointed a lieutenant in the NKVD in Kharkiv Oblast in February 1936.
Dolgikh was promoted to the rank of Captain in November 1941, and appointed deputy head of the NKVD in Khabarovsk Krai.
In May 1954, he led the commission which opened negotiations with prisoners at the Kengir labour camp, in Kazakhstan, who had revolted and taken control of the camp.
Dolgikh conceded to some minor demands, including the transfer of prison guards who were particularly hated, whilst forbidding food or medicines to be shipped to the camp.
In 1956, shortly after Nikita Khrushchev had denounced the crimes of the Stalin era, in his Secret speech to the 20th Congress of the CPSU.
Dolgikh was found guilty of 'flagrant violations of socialist law', sacked, stripped of his rank, and expelled from the Communist Party.
The Glory and Misery of Human Life () is a 1988 Finnish drama film directed and written by Matti Kassila starring Lasse Pöysti, Liisamaija Laaksonen and Tuula Nyman.
The film is starring writer Martti Hongisto (Lasse Pöysti), who goes out to meet Anna (Liisamaija Laaksonen) after loving her youth and reminiscing about his past youth.
It heads south through neighborhoods along Gillsburg Road before turning east along Osyka Road to leave Liberty and continue southeast through a mix of farmland and wooded areas for the next several miles, where it crosses a bridge over the East Fork Amite River.
The highway then passes through Gillsburg, where it has an intersection with MS 568 and crosses a bridge over the Tickfaw River.
MS 584 continues east through rural areas for several miles, where it has it has intersections with MS 571 and MS 923 and comes very close to the Louisiana border, in some areas within less than a mile.
MS 584 enters the town along Liberty Street and passes southeast through neighborhoods before coming to an end at an intersection with US 51, just northwest of downtown.
She later earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Western Washington University before getting her PhD in Community College Leadership at Oregon State University.
Based on the Liebermann Papers novels by Frank Tallis, the series follows Max Liebermann (Matthew Beard), a doctor and student of Sigmund Freud, as he assists Police Detective Oskar Rheinhardt (Jürgen Maurer).
The series of three episodes, each of 90 minutes, were broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two between 18 November and 2 December 2019.
Nyein Chan (born 2 June 1994) is a Burmese professional footballer who plays as a defender and currently plays in Shan United.
In 2019, Nyein Chan was chosen for 2022 World Cup Qualification Stage and first time ever played for Myanmar national football team against Nepal national football team .
It is a part of the Central Siberian Plateau and it is made up mainly of the upper course section of the Vilyuy River.
The Vilyuy Plateau is located both north and south of the Arctic Circle in northeastern Krasnoyarsk Krai and western Sakha Republic.
To the east the plateau descends gradually towards the broad Lena River valley and to the southeast it runs into the Central Yakutian Lowland, which leads to the Lena Plateau on the southern side.
Jean-Dominique Lebreton obtained a university degree in Mathematics and Physics in 1969, then a Certificate of Master of Mathematics and Fundamental Applications and a Master of Computer Science in 1971.
He obtained his Diploma of Advanced Studies in Applied Biology in 1972, his Doctorate of Specialty in Lyon in 1974 and his Doctor of Science in 1981.
He was Assistant and then Assistant Professor at the University of Lyon before becoming Director of Research at the CNRS (CEFE) in Montpellier in 1990.
Computer scientist and mathematician by training, naturalist by family tradition (younger brother of Philippe Lebreton), Jean-Dominique Lebreton is a biomathematician, mainly specialized in modelling in ecology and population dynamics.
First, it contributed to the launch of matrix models of population dynamics, producing formal sensitivity results and original stochastic generalizations, and applying these models to various vertebrates.
He then demonstrated the key role of generation time in the diversity of demographic strategies and in the sensitivity of populations to demographic impacts.
First, it was necessary to shift their focus from a focus on numbers to estimating individual flows and then to introduce ideas from generalized linear models, thus making it possible to analyze probabilities of survival according to age, gender or environment.
His work, by bridging the gap between capture-recapture models and analysis of variance, has contributed to a real revolution, with a wide range of applications in evolutionary ecology and conservation biology.
In recent years, he has been involved in the development of various types of models in which individuals move between several states, for example, to study dispersion and reproductive achievement.
The development and distribution of flexible and user-friendly software (Biomeco; U-CARE; SURGE, M-SURGE, E-SURGE) to support his team's research production have greatly contributed to this visibility.
The population dynamics workshops he has launched for more than 20 years, after similar workshops in statistical ecology, have brought together hundreds of colleagues, many of whom have remained in contact for data processing, visits to CEFE, or long-term collaborations.
Nannette Maciejunes is the Executive Director of the Columbus Museum of Art, and the author of many books of art history, with a special focus on the work of Charles E. Burchfield and John Marin.
from The Ohio State University, and is a graduate of Stanford’s Executive Program for Nonprofit Leaders and the Getty’s Leadership Institute for Museum Management.
Maciejunes was Director of Denison University’s Gallery in 1980, began at the Columbus Museum as a curatorial research assistant in 1984, served as Curator of Collections and Exhibitions at the Dixon Gallery and Gardens in Memphis in 1989 and has occupied her current position since 2003.
Maciejunes guided the museum’s acquisition of the Photo League collection and the Schiller Collection of American Social Commentary Art, and the development of the museum's Center for Creativity.
Also under her leadership, the museum completed a major renovation and expansion, and was awarded the Institute of Museum and Library Services’ National Medal, the nation’s highest honor for museums.
Maciejunes has made the work of both local and underrepresented artists a museum focus, which led to the development of a special relationship with Columbus native African-American artist Aminah Robinson, who left the museum her estate.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are two different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
William Hammond Remick (October 14, 1866 – March 9, 1922) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
Among his siblings was Joseph Remick of Pillsbury, Remick & Co. of Boston and Frank W. Remick, a member of Kidder, Peabody & Co. who served as president of the Boston Stock Exchange while William was president of the New York Stock Exchange.
His maternal grandparents were Mary (née Kennard) Hammond and Captain William Hammond, who resided at Bolt Hill and was representative to the legislature, county commissioner and register of probate.
In 1917, he was made chairman of the second Liberty Loan drive Committee of stock exchange houses and continued as chairman during succeeding loan drives.
In 1907, he purchased his seat on the New York Stock Exchange and in 1909, he was chosen to serve on the Exchange's Board of Governors, a position he retained until his death in 1922.
While on the Board, he served on various committees, including the Committees on Laws, Finance, Stock Lists, Ways and Means, and as Chairman of the Committees on Insolvencies and on Admissions.
A Republican, Remick also served as a director of the Stock Clearing House Corporation, the Submarine Boat Corporation, the Electric Boat Company, the New York Railways Company, and a trustee of the Dry Dock Savings Institution.
Together, they lived at 907 Fifth Avenue, located at Fifth Avenue and 72nd Street, which was built in 1916 and was the first apartment building to replace a private mansion on Fifth Avenue above 59th Street.
He was a member of the Union League Club, the Metropolitan Club, the Piping Rock Club and the New York Yacht Club.
Wook Talk (), also known as Because I Want to Talk, is a South Korean talk show hosted by Lee Dong-wook alongside comedian Jang Do-yeon and announcer .
On November 2, 2019, Lee Dong-wook announced at the end of his fanmeeting that he would be hosting his own talk show.
Among the people who voted for the title with the most votes, a winner won the show's poster signed by the MC as well as a limited edition smartphone grip.
The 2020 Arab Club Champions Cup Final will be the final match of the 2019–20 Arab Club Champions Cup, the 29th season of the Arab League's main club football tournament organised by UAFA, and the 2nd season since it was renamed from the Arab Club Championship to the Arab Club Champions Cup.
On 16 April 2018, the then-president of UAFA Turki Al-Sheikh announced that the Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium will host the final of the tournament for this season.
Wensley Bond (1742-1820) was an Irish Anglican priest in the second half of the 18th-century and the first two decades of the 19th.
Jack Shephard (born 25 July 1997) is an English para-badminton player who plays in SS6 events for players who have short stature and achondroplasia.
Abu Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ibrahim ibn Zulaq al-Laythi (919–996), commonly known as Ibn Zulaq (or Ibn Zawlaq), was an Egyptian historian, whose work focuses on the local history of Egypt during the Ikhshidid dynasty and the early years of the Fatimid Caliphate there.
Most of his work does not survive directly, but was extensively used and quoted by later historians such as Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi (13th century), al-Maqrizi (15th century), and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (16th century).
His works included a history of the governors and judges of Egypt, which continued the similar work of the 9th-century polymath al-Kindi; a history of the al-Madhara'i family of viziers; and books on the founder of the Ikhshidid dynasty, Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid and the Ikhshidid strongman Abu'l-Misk Kafur.
His biography of al-Ikhshid in particular is stated to have been written at the request of his son Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid () at the beginning of his reign.
Along with the numerous details that indicate inside knowledge, this shows that Ibn Zulaq was closely associated with the ruling circles of Egypt at the time.
Ali richly rewarded Ibn Zulaq for his work, and it appears that he earned further commissions by other high-ranking members of the Ikhshidid elites for writing panegyrics for them.
Following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969, like many reading figures of the Ikhshidid regime, Ibn Zulaq readily accommodated himself to the new regime, and retained his access to the circles of power, from the Caliph al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah () to the vizier Ibn Killis.
Nevertheless, almost no other contemporary work survives that might be used to check his work against, and while the accounts of the 14th-century historians Baybars al-Mansuri and al-Nuwayri corroborate some of his information, it is unclear whether they too have not used Ibn Zulaq as a source.
The 2019–20 Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball team represents The University of Pittsburgh during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Panthers, led by second year head coach Lane White, play their home games at the Petersen Events Center as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
He was born in County Sligo and educated at Trinity College, Dublin He was Dean of Ross, Ireland from 1813 until his death.
Anahide Ter Minassian or Anahide Kévonian (August 26, 1929 – February 11, 2019) was an Armenian-French historian who specialised in the history of Armenia during its time in the Soviet empire and that period before.
Her stateless Armenian parents were Levon Kevonian and Armenouhie Der-Garabédian and they taught her Armenian, refusing to send her to a French school until she was seven.
She went to the Sorbonne where she studied History and Geography and she became a lecturer at the and at Paris I University.
In 1975, Martin Lutz, a Wiesbaden church musician and conductor of the Schiersteiner Kantorei, founded the Wiesbadener Bachwochen as a festival with a focus on the music of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Beginning in 1977, an international competition for organists has been part of the festival, with the winner being awarded the Bachpreis der Landeshauptstadt Wiesbaden.
Each festival has a motto, and events include lectures, chamber music, organ concerts and the organ competition, and large choral concerts.
Doug McKillip (born December 20, 1969) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 115th district from 2007 to 2013.
Henri Claude Fertet (1926–1943) was a French schoolboy and resistance fighter who was executed by the German occupying forces during World War II.
He is known for the letter he wrote to his parents on the morning of his execution, and he has become one of those who symbolise the French Resistance.
During the school summer holidays of 1942, he joined a Resistance group in Larnod (near Besançon) led by Marcel Simon, a 22-year-old farmer.
Fertet took part in three of them: on 16 April 1943, a night attack on an explosives depot at ; on 7 May, the destruction of a high-tension electricity pylon near Châteaufarine; and on 12 June, an attack by him and Marcel Reddet on a German customs officer to steal his weapon, uniform, and papers.
Fertet shot and fatally wounded the officer, but the unexpected arrival of a motorcyclist meant that Fertet and Reddet failed to seize the documents.
Despite the able advocacy of their lawyers, Paul Koch and Fernand Mouquin, seventeen of them were sentenced to death as terrorists on 18 September.
After the war, Fertet's body was exhumed and cremated; his ashes and those of his father, who had died in the meantime, were scattered at Sermoyer, Ain.
General de Gaulle (leader of the Free French Forces, later founding president of the French Fifth Republic) cited it as a model of the courage of French youth during World War II.
On 5 June 2019, French president Emmanuel Macron read extracts from it aloud, in French, at a 75th-anniversary commemoration of the Normandy landings, in Portsmouth, England, one of the embarcation ports.
Macron was criticised in some circles for having omitted the passages in which Fertet asserted his Christian faith and his belief in eternal France.
The following are named in his memory: Rue Henri Fertet, Besançon, a street; Collège Henri Fertet, Sancey, a middle school; Lycée des Métiers Henri Fertet, Gray, a technical college; and a tram route in Besançon.
It included some of Henri's drawings, a handkerchief stained with his blood (possibly as a result of his maltreatment in prison), and a figurine tall of the Virgin Mary which he had fashioned out of breadcrumbs, and before which he had prayed, during his imprisonment.
Newman competed in the discus event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia finishing 7th and competed in both the discus and shot put events at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England finishing 8th and 11th respectively.
He has won three bronze medals at British championships, two in the shot put in 1994 and 1999 and one in the discus in 1999.
Úna Ní Raifeartaigh is an Irish judge who has served as a Judge of the Court of Appeal since November 2019.
She held the position of Reid Professor of Criminal Law at Trinity College Dublin from 1991 to 1995, a position formerly held by Mary McAleese and Mary Robinson.
She frequently appeared for the Director of Public Prosecutions in prosecuting cases on behalf of the State and was the highest paid barrister for the State in 2015.
She was prosecution counsel in cases against Seán FitzPatrick relating to Anglo Irish Bank and Sharon Collins in hiring a hitman to kill her partner.
She is a former director of the Irish Council for Civil Liberties and chairperson of the Private Securities Services Appeal Board.
She has heard cases involving matters relating to criminal law, constitutional law, road traffic offences, judicial review, extradition, bail, and land law.
She was the presiding judge in a case brought by Denis O'Brien in 2017 against the Oireachtas, following statements made in Dáil Éireann made by Pearse Doherty and Catherine Murphy regarding his financial affairs.
The judge refused reliefs sought by O'Brien against the politicians, finding that there could be no judicial interference in regulating parliamentary privilege in the Irish legislature.
Her judgment was upheld by a unanimous judgment of the Supreme Court delivered by Chief Justice Frank Clarke in March 2019.
Her appointment was one of six appointments due to expansion of the number of judges on the Court of Appeal following the enactment of the Courts Act 2019.
Okere was born in Owerri which is Imo State’s capital a southeastern grographical area of Nigeria occupied mainly by the Igbo people of Nigeria.
Okere before her debut into the Nigerian movie industry known commonly as Nollywood was a stage actress and debuted for the first time in the Nigerian movie Industry in 1994 at the age of 21.
District 22 (Persian: منطقه ۲۲, also romanized as Mantaqe ye Bist-o-Dow), also known as Municipality of District 22, is one of 22 central districts of Tehran County in Tehran Province, Iran.
Municipality of District 22 has 4 regions and 9 quarters and provides services to the public and does its organizational tasks.
In November 2019, Ceres Robotics was granted the right to bid on contracts by NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) to support the lunar Artemis program.
The company was founded in 2017 by Michael Sims, who was previously vice president at Moon Express, and for more than 20 years worked at NASA, where he worked on Mars rover missions.
Sims was also a founding member of the NASA Ames Artificial Intelligence group and its field robotics program, the Intelligent Robotics Group.
Ceres Robotics is a New Space company dedicated to the development and manufacture of robotic lunar landers, rovers and software systems in support of surface exploration.
Born to a coal merchant and shipping agent, Edward Downing, and one of four siblings, Caroline Lowder Downing, became a trained nurse, and in 1908 joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) Chelsea Branch, with her sister Edith Elizabeth Downing, an artist, and both became militant suffragettes.
Downing took part in the window smashing on 1 March 1912, causing £50 of damage, imprisoned in Winson Green Prison, Birmingham, went on hunger strike and was force fed.
She said that it was a purely political action, in face of Mr. Asquith’s broken pledge and the insult he put upon women by bringing in a Manhood Suffrage Bill in response to women’s demand.
On 7 March 1912: 'On Thursday afternoon Miss Caroline Downing was recalled and charged with breaking windows value £50 at 221, Regent Street.
She said it was part of a political protest for a purely political motive for gaining votes for women; this violence was as repellant to them as to the Government, but they were compelled to take these methods.
Mrs. Bowen, with whom I was in constant companionship during the whole of the time (both hunger strikes), suffered greatly both from the pain in the nostrils and throat and in the stomach, though she was quite passive.
The underground cells are dreadfully cold and damp, so cold that I have scarcely ever been really warm all these months.
I have worn winter things and furs and shawl up to Saturday, and till the last ten days have had broken chilblains on my hands.
For the last sixteen days we were given proper bedsteads in response to our complaints.’ Downing was awarded a Hunger Strike Medal, dated 1 March 1912, 'for Valour', which was exhibited in the 'Women's Place in Parliament Exhibition at the Palace of Westminster during the centenary year after (some) women were given the right to vote in British elections.
And the dedication on the inside of the original presentation box said:'Presented to Caroline Lowder Downing by the Women’s Social and Political Union in recognition of a gallant action, whereby through endurance to the last extremity of hunger and hardship, a great principle of political justice was vindicated.
George Wetzel Bradshaw (January 21, 1909, Union, West Virginia – June 15, 1973, Cabell, West Virginia) – American writer and journalist.
Nathan Michael Sestina (born May 12, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats in the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
As a senior at Cameron County High School, Sestina averaged 22.6 points and 14 rebounds per game and was named the North Tier Conference Player of the Year.
He became the first Division I basketball player from PIAA District 9 since 1990 and the first division I athlete of any kind from Cameron County since the 1970's.
He became a starter going into his senior year and enjoyed a breakout season, averaging 15.8 points (6th in the Patriot League) and 8.5 rebounds (2nd) and was named second team All-Patriot League.
Following the end of the season, Sestina entered the transfer portal for his final season of eligibility as a graduate transfer.
In his first game with the Wildcats, Sestina scored seven points and grabbed a team-high six rebounds in a 69-62 win over top-ranked Michigan State and hit a key three-point shot in the second half.
He broke his left wrist six games into the season against Lamar, causing him to miss four weeks and three games.
Sestina's father, Donald is a former teacher, basketball coach and athletic director for Cameron County High School and his mother, Rachelle, is also a teacher and swam collegiately at Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Ses feuilles radicales sont longues d'environ un mètre [3 pieds], rudes à leur sommet, sur leurs bords, leur nervure dorsale, et vers leurs sommet sur deux nervures principales de leur face supérieure, où elles sont aiguillonnées par des dents très fines.
Les rayons d'ombrelle sont au nombre de cinq à dix; les plus grands ont 15 centimètres de longueur [environ 6 pouces].
Les écailles sont ovoïdes, tronquées à leur base, brièvement acuminées au sommet, membraneuses, un peu ondulées et comme déchirées sur les bords.
The basal leaves are about one metre (3 ft) long, and are rough at the top, on their edges, on their dorsal veins, and towards their apex on two main veins of their upper face, where they have very fine needle-like teeth.
The outer (leaf-like) bracts of the involucre are about long, and are rough and finely needled in the same way as the basal leaves.
The spikelets are lanceolate, rather loose, long, showing on all sides of the umbel their sharp apices; they contain sixteen, twenty, and thirty flowers.
The scales are ovoid, truncated at their base, briefly acuminate at the top, membranous, a slightly undulating and torn at the edges.
Scroggy attended Harvey S. Firestone High School in Akron; classmates included Chrissie Hynde (later of The Pretenders) and future comics professional Craig Yoe.
Having moved from Ohio to San Diego, Scroggy was hired by Shel Dorf, organizer of the San Diego Comic-Con, to work as a volunteer at the convention.
Before long, Scroggy had risen to general manager of Pacific Comics' four San Diego shops (his full title was Wholesale Distribution Manager).
Scroggy left Pacific in 1984 to become organizer of the annual San Diego Comic Book Expo, the trade show associated with the San Diego Comic-Con.
During this same period, roughly from 1983 to c. 1992, Scroggy worked as an agent for creators in the comics industry.
The Pratt & Whitney XA101 is a three-stream adaptive cycle engine demonstrator being developed by Pratt & Whitney (GE) for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning and for the U.S. Air Force's sixth generation fighter program.
The three-stream adaptive cycle design can direct air to the bypass third stream for increased fuel efficiency and cooling or to the core and fan streams for additional thrust and performance.
The U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy began pursuing adaptive cycle engine in 2007 with the Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology (ADVENT) program, a part of the larger Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engine (VAATE) program.
While not involved with ADVENT, Pratt & Whitney was selected alongside General Electric for the Adaptive Engine Technology Demonstrator (AETD) program that followed in 2012; this program continued to mature the technology, with tests performed using demonstrator engines.
The next step, the Adaptive Engine Transition Program (AETP), was launched in 2016 to develop and test adaptive engines for sixth generation fighter propulsion as well as potential re-engining of the F-35 from the existing F135 turbofan engine.
Further contract awards and modifications in 2018 increased the focus on re-engining of the F-35; there has also been investigations on applying the technology in upgrades for F-15, F-16, and F-22 propulsion systems.
In June 2018, Pratt & Whitney changed its development plan for the F135, and instead offered an adaptive three-stream fan as Growth Option 2.0 that's separate from the XA101, which would instead have a new engine core.
The XA101 is a three-stream adaptive cycle engine that can adjust the bypass ratio and fan pressure to increase fuel efficiency or thrust, depending on the scenario.
It does this by employing a third bypass stream where the engine can direct air to in order to increase fuel economy and act as a heat sink for cooling; in particular, this would enable greater use of the high speed, low altitude part of the F-35 envelope.
When additional thrust is needed, the air from the third stream can be directed into the core and fan streams for increased performance.
After winning the Intercollegiate championship in 1908, Yale wasn't able to sustain their high level of play and started the season flat, losing five of their first six games.
They recovered a bit in the middle of their schedule, albeit against weaker opponents, but sagged at the end to finish four games below .500, their worst record in 6 years.
Kota Kinabalu in northern Borneo of Sabah is one of the main cities of Malaysia, being one of the important economic centre for East Malaysia.
Formerly known as Jesselton under the British protectorate of North Borneo and its successor the Crown Colony of North Borneo under the Crown colony government of the United Kingdom, the city has been undergoing rapid development ever since its devastation through the World War II bombings where only three buildings were left standing.
The city urbanised area today encompasses the wide area of Greater Kota Kinabalu which goes beyond the city boundary on the south side into two West Coast districts of Penampang and Putatan, and to a lesser but growing extent into the districts of Papar (38 kilometres to the south) and Tuaran (34 kilometres to the north).
The Bemidji State Beavers women's ice hockey program represented the Bemidji State University during the 2018-19 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
El Tiempo del Descuento is a Spanish reality show produced by Zeppelin TV and broadcast on Telecinco on 12 January 2020.
George Harry Cross (September 15, 1854 – November 28, 1946) was an American politician who served as a member of the Wyoming Senate as a Democrat.
George Harry Cross was born in Montreal, Province of Canada to Julia Fisher Cross and Alex Cross, who was a member of the King's Council and was Chief Justice for the Province of Quebec, on September 15, 1854 and attended the High School of Montreal.
In 1883 he became an American citizen and in 1884 he returned to Montreal and married Lea Marie LeVasseur whom he would later have eleven children with, including Senate President George A.
He was elected to the Wyoming House of Representatives to represent Converse county and served from 1895 until 1897 then served again from 1909 to 1913.
In 1896 he was selected as one of the Democratic presidential electors for Wyoming, but resigned to run for another term in the state senate.
Frank Tracy Wall (March 5, 1908 – March 25, 1998) was an American dairy farmer and politician who served in the Mississippi House of Representatives.
Wall was elected in 1951 and 1955 alongside T. F. Badon and Britte Hughey, respectively, and was succeeded by Hughey and E. H. Hurst.
Outside of protocol, it also performs during significant occasions celebrated in the Province of Alberta, most notably the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
military organizations, including Cadet Music Training Camps, Royal Canadian Artillery Band, The King's Own Calgary Regiment Band, the Band of the Ceremonial Guard and the Canadian Forces School of Music.
The band was deployed to France with the regiment during the First World War, becoming the first allied military band to arrive in Europe.
During the Second World War, the band was deployed once again, this time to the United Kingdom, and performed at many public and private functions in the country.
It had the benefit of three bands: a military band with 36 members, a bugle band of 29, and a pipe band of 13 pipers.
The drumline is one of two in the province of Alberta, with the other being attached to Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.
The drumline has performed at hockey games supporting Albertan hockey and football groups, specifically the Edmonton Oilers and the Edmonton Eskimos, against other sporting groups.
In early 2018, the drumline took part in the Whitecourt Woodlands Military Tattoo commenorating the 20th anniversary of the 721 Hawk Royal Canadian Air Cadets Squadron.
In autumn of 2017, the 49th Battalion Pipes and Drums was founded with 7 pipers and 8 drummers in its ranks.
Many cane from the regiment, while a small number also came from the 1 Field Ambulance and the 41 Service Battalion.
The entire init was led at the start by Pipe Major Sergeant Lance McFadzen It provides instruction to cadet musicians of the 2551 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Army Cadets and the 570 Sir Winston Churchill Air Cadets.
At 16 he entered the Faculty of Letters and Law of the National University of San Marcos, later change his career for History.
He is the founder of the Andean Rural History Seminar, an institute belonging to the National University of San Marcos, of which he would be appointed professor emeritus.
The donation also includes an archive of more than one thousand manuscripts from the viceregal era and the War of the Pacific.
Vesser served as Director for Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5) for the Joint Chiefs of Staff before his retirement in 1987.
Adath Israel traces its history to March 1936 when ten local businessmen founded the Main Line Hebrew Association, the Main Line's first Jewish congregation.
Temple Adath Israel was chartered in 1946 and held its first congregational meeting on September 29, 1946 at 515 Lancaster Avenue in Haverford, Pennsylvania where it also held its first services.
The congregation rented space in the Ardmore YMCA building, the Ardmore Women's Club building, and in rooms on the campuses of Haverford College and Bryn Mawr College.
Adath Israel continued to grow and the congregation purchased seven acres at Old Lancaster Road and Highland Avenue in Merion in 1953 on the former site of Rose Hill, the estate owned by Charles Elmer Hires.
Solicitor General of the United States Simon Sobeloff presided over the laying of the building's cornerstone on June 13, 1954 and Rabbi Theodore Gordon of Main Line Reform Temple delivered the invocation.
The congregation constructed and opened its Ralph Bodek Chapel, 900-seat Meyers Girsh Auditorium and 23-classroom educational building in time for the High Holidays that year.
Philadelphia mayor Richard Dilworth spoke at the ceremony, and was joined by former Senator Herbert H. Lehman and Governor Theodore McKeldin of Maryland.
The new George Friedland sanctuary sat 1400 and was dedicated on September 11, 1959, along with the Charles Tabas Auditorium and six additional classrooms.
The sanctuary features a rooftop cupola and a 12-sided structure as the centerpiece and symbolizes the 12 tribes of Israel that rises 36-feet above the sanctuary.
When Adath Israel moved from 410 Montgomery Avenue to Merion in 1954, Main Line Reform purchased the property from Adath Israel and used the building for its own services.
During construction, Adath Israel welcomed Main Line Reform which shared Adath Israel's building for its own services, community events, and Hebrew school.
On November 9, 1981, a fire ravaged Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning's building at Broad and York Streets in Philadelphia.
In the early 1990s, Akiba Hebrew Academy relocated its Middle School across N Highland Avenue to the Adath Israel school building for two years.
Rabbi Steven Wernick followed and held the position from 2002 until 2009 when he was appointed Executive Vice President/CEO of the Rabbinical Assembly.
Overholt served as Deputy Judge Advocate General of the United States Army from 1981 to 1985 before serving as Judge Advocate General of the United States Army from 1985 to 1989.
He also worked as a professor at the École de recherche graphique in Brussels, the École supérieure des arts Le 75 in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, and the Haute école Albert Jacquard in Namur.
He served as Director of Operations, Readiness and Mobilization in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans.
Maria Angela Rafaela Manzano del Rosario (born 1962), known as Ella Del Rosario, is a Filipina who was a singer who collaborated with the band Hotdog from 1974–1976.
In 2014, during the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War, his family were forced to evacuated individually on their own, His parents were moved to Lebanon along with his sister and their dog, while he fled to the Philippines alone.
The 2019–20 Atlanta SC season is the club's first season playing professionally and its first in the newly created National Independent Soccer Association (NISA), a newly established third division soccer league in the United States.
On November 20, 2018, the National Independent Soccer Association announced that a team from Atlanta would begin play in its inaugural season in fall 2019..
In late 2019, following the end of the National Premier Soccer League season Atlanta SC announced it would be joining NISA.
On January 8, the full list of teams taking part in the 2020 U.S. Open Cup was announced including eight from the National Independent Soccer Association.
Since Atlanta SC was not listed among these teams, and all professional clubs within the United States are required to take part in the tournament, this signaled that the club will not take part in professional play in the Spring 2020 season.
He is largely known for his coverage, since 2013, of the crisis in Ukraine, including the Maidan protests and war in eastern Ukraine.
Hoffman graduated from the College of William & Mary in Virginia in 2002 with a bachelor's degree in Art and Art History.
He began his photography career in 2006 while based in Washington, D.C., covering the White House and United States Congress as well as various political campaigns, especially the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns in Iowa.
He photographed the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, traveling there aboard the USNS Comfort, for which he received an award from the White House News Photographers Association.
He began working in Ukraine in late 2013 during the Revolution of Dignity, and covered the protests for Getty Images until their conclusion with the removal of then-president Viktor Yanukovych in February 2014.
His work was widely published and won several awards, including from the White House News Photographers Association, and was exhibited at the Zoom Photo Festival Saguenay in Canada and the Singapore International Photography Festival.
He began working in the Donbass region of eastern Ukraine in April 2014 as war broke out, and relocated from Moscow to Kyiv later that spring.
Much of his coverage of the war in Ukraine has been done for The New York Times, though he has also worked with Getty Images, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Newsweek, USA Today, NPR, Al Jazeera, and other media outlets.
His coverage has included many of the major events of the war, including the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, the Battle of Donetsk Airport, and the Battle of Debaltseve.
Since 2018, his work from eastern Ukraine has been exhibited in a number of Ukrainian cities, including Mariupol, Sumy, Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zaporizhia, and Kryvyi Rih.
The exhibition has included, in addition to photographs, several 360º videos and a self-published newspaper titled Ukraine in a Time of War, which was also distributed free to public libraries around Ukraine.
Hoffman has done several features for National Geographic in Ukraine, on illegal amber mining, the Malanka festival, and the split of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine from the Russian Orthodox Church.
He was subsequently graded to referee in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL), gaining his first first-grade match in 1981.
In 1983, Stone was involved in an unusual series of events that saw three different referees required to control a first grade match between Easts and Canterbury-Bankstown.
In 1986, Stone was responsible for the quickest send-off in rugby league, having dismissed Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs player Peter Kelly for a head-high tackle in the first tackle of the match.
In game 2 of the 1988 State of Origin series, Stone enraged the local Brisbane crowd when he sent Wally Lewis to the sin-bin for five minutes.
The crowd showered the ground with beer cans, and the match had to be stopped until order was restored and the ground was cleared of rubbish.
There is a war memorial at Alma Bay Park on Armand Way commemorating military personnel who died during World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War and other conflicts.
His assignments included Deputy Commander Army Intelligence and Security Command as well as Assistant Deputy Director for Operations/Deputy Chief of Central Security Service for the National Security Agency.
Bennett Leonard Lewis (born 18 June 1926) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Mobilization and Director, Defense Mobilization Systems Planning Activity.
The 14817/18 Bhagat Ki Kothi - Bandra Terminus Express is an express train belonging to North Western Railway zone that runs between and in India.
The 14817/Bhagat Ki Kothi - Bandra Terminus Express has averages speed of 46 km/h and covers 942 km in 20 hrs 30 mins.
The 14818/Bandra Terminus - Bhagat Ki Kothi Express has averages speed of 49 km/h and covers 942 km in 19 hrs 15 mins.
Charles Passmore Graham (born 19 December 1927) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as commander of the Second United States Army.
After witnessing the Rose Bowl Game, University of California, Los Angeles' Paul Stupin messaged Yanagisawa asking him if he would be interested in sponsoring a college football All-Star game.
However, due to poor weather causing a lack of attendance, Yanagisawa was forced to re-mortgage his house three times to keep the event running.
He owned the Asahi Baseball Team which played in the Hawaii Baseball League until 1955 when he sold it to Angel Shiro Maehara.
This season marks the Crimson Tide's 128th overall season, 87th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and 29th within the SEC Western Division.
The 2019 Crimson Tide' schedule consists of 7 home games, 4 away games, and 1 neutral site game for the regular season.
Texas A&M, and arch-rival Auburn for the 85th Iron Bowl to close out the SEC regular season at home and will travel to four SEC opponents Arkansas, Ole Miss (rivalry), Tennessee (Third Saturday of October) and rival LSU (rivalry) to close out the SEC regular season on the road.
Alabama is not scheduled to play SEC East opponents Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, South Carolina, and Vanderbilt in the 2020 regular season.
He was elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly from Samalkha in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Indian National Congress and also won the election.
Hope Island was named after colonial aristocrat Captain Louis Hope, who was granted approximately of land at the mouth of the Coomera River in recognition of his contribution in developing the sugar industry in Queensland.
Jang was the dean of the College of Social Sciences at National Sun Yat-sen University and a professor of political economy before contesting the 2020 Taiwanese legislative election.
Jang secured a seat on the Legislative Yuan after the Taiwan People's Party won over 11% of the party list vote on 11 January 2020.
Rei was a detective of devision 0 but she was sent to jail for killing a person who killed her close friend.
Vanguard is an unreleased action film directed by Stanley Tong, as the sixth collaborations between him and Jackie Chan, the film stars Chan, Yang Yang, and Miya Muqi.
The film was scheduled to the released on 25 January 2020 in China, but was withdrawn due to 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
An accountant is threatened by the world's deadliest mercenary organization and Covert security company Vanguard is the last hope of survival for him.
As the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in China caused the cancellation of many theatrical premieres, certain regulations prevent a Chinese film from being released overseas before the film's local release in China.
Britte Edwin Hughey (April 28, 1910 – January 27, 1986) was an American farmer and politician who served in the Mississippi House of Representatives.
Karla Sofía Gascón (born Carlos Gascón, 31 March 1972) is a Spanish transgender actress.She appeared in a number of telenovelas amd films including El Señor de los Cielos and The Noble Family.
The battalion comprises three mechanized companies, a command company, a logistics company and a fire support company, making it highly mobile and self-sufficient.
50-Minute Fun Break, released in 1992, is the fourth studio album by the collegiate comedy a cappella group the Stanford Fleet Street Singers.
The album was generally well-received, with critics noting its new style of studio engineering, the group's original songs, and 3D-modeled computer-generated cover art.
At the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (CARAs), the album won awards in five categories, a new record for the Awards.
At the turn of the 1990s, through collaborations with Fleet Street and with other Stanford a cappella group the Mendicants, audio engineer Bill Hare had developed new methods for recording a cappella.
Before, a cappella was generally recorded exactly as a listener would perceive a live performance: with two microphones capturing the whole group at once, singing in a room.
Placing all the voices so close to the listener's ear increased the presence of each voice, creating a new sound that would come to define contemporary a cappella recording.
Laibenthous are the nine female deities who participated in the festival of Eputhou Thangjing Loutaba in ancient Moirang, along with their respective consorts, Laibungthous.
A Methodist following was established in Street in the early 19th-century, with houses licensed in 1806 and 1812 likely to have been used for Methodist worship.
Further houses were licensed until 1839 when the first Wesleyan chapel was built on land donated by Mr. Cyrus Clark in Goswell Road.
When Mr. W. S. Clark gifted a plot of land in Leigh Road, discussions held at the beginning of 1893 resolved to build a new chapel.
Owing to the large cost of the scheme, it was decided to build the chapel and vestry rooms first, with the old chapel to be used as a schoolroom until the new one could be built.
The new chapel and vestry rooms were built by Mr. J. Pursey of Street for an approximate cost of £1,450, with the architects supervising the work.
During his career he twice qualified for the singles main draw of a grand slam tournament, at the 1983 Australian Open and 1984 French Open.
On 30 January 1866 the Queensland Government offered 44 town lots of each in the town of Herbert (as it was then called) at £8 per acre (2 roods being half an acre).
In 1874 it was noted that none of the land sold at Herbert had been developed due to its inaccessability overland to Rockhampton.
Meanwhile Rockhampton (further upstream on the Fitzroy Region) was an important port in Queensland with significant exports rising to approximately £1 million of exports each year by the 1880s and 1890s.
However the Fitzroy River up to Rockhampton was not consistently deep enough with calls to the Queensland Government to dredge the river from at least 1862.
As a consequence larger ships increasingly preferred to remain in Keppel Bay and use lighters to transfer their passengers and cargo up the Fitzroy River.
In 1865 depth soundings at Broadmount established that there was of water even at low tide, sufficient for even the largest ships of that time.
From 1872 there were calls for Herbert/Broadmount to be established as a port connected to Rockhampton by either rail or road.
In 1874 it was suggested that coastal vessels heading north to Cooktown were no longer interested to service Rockhampton and calls made for a wharf to be established at Broadmount.
However, people with vested interests in the success of the town of Rockhampton were concerned that the establishment of a port at Broadmount would create a rival to Rockhampton and in 1877 there was a counter-proposal to establish port facilities at Central Island (probably the now unnamed island at ) downstream of Rockhampton which could easily be linked by road or rail over flat land to Rockhampton.
The merits of the various port proposals and others include ports at Emu Park and a Port Alma scheme on the southern bank of the mouth of the river continued to be debated for some years without any decision being taken.
In December 1893 a committee established by the Rockhampton Chamber of Commerce investigated the matter thoroughly and dismissed all but two proposals, Broadmount and Port Alma, ultimately favouring Port Alma.
However, the construction of North Rockhampton to Emu Park railway line had considerably reduced the distance (and hence the coast) for a railway link to Broadmount compared to Port Alma and the construction of the meatworks at Lakes Creek had created another significant exporter on the northern side of the river.
A Queensland Railways Department report released in October 1895 revealed their concerns about building a railway line to Port Alma over large areas of flood-prone land.
Although the debate continued within the Queensland Parliament, work was already underway on the boring for the wharf at Broadmount by November 1895 and on the detailed survey of the railway route.
In December 1895, the Minister for Railways announced that the cost of constuction of the railway line and wharf was estimated at £5,000.
In January 1896 a provisional hotel licence was issued to Joseph Cunningham who was constructing a hotel on the corner of Wharf and Carl Streets in Broadmount.
On 1 January 1898 railway services commenced on the new branch railway, which opened without any ceremony and despite the wharf still being 10 weeks from completion.
The wharf was still not complete in August 1898 but concerns were already raised that the necessary dredging of the port area had not taken place.
While the railway and the wharf were projects of the Queensland Railways Department, the dredging was the responsibility of the Department of Harbours and Rivers and outside of the Railway Department's control.
Further there was a dispute about which channels should be dredged and whether one channel should be allowed to remain as a S-bend or be straightened (at considerably greater expense), raising concerns about the new port's abilities to accommodate the largest ships.
In October 1897 the wharf was still incomplete and the new dam created to supply the water needed for the railway and to supply the berthed ships remained empty.
By February 1899 the wharf was completed but had no lighting and so could not become operational as the coastal ships would be arriving at night.
However as the heavy rain continued through to the month, the wharves at Rockhampton were flooded and so the coastal steamer Premier was forced to use Broadmount wharf.
Attempting to protect their investment in Broadmount, the government introduced a system of higher freight charges on that line to discourage its use in favour of using Broadmount port.
In 1912 a railway line was built to Port Alma which had better natural deepwater facilities than Broadmount and the Lakes Creek meatworks switched to exporting via Port Alama.
Lainingthous are the nine male deities who participated in the religious festival of Eputhou Thangjing Loutaba in ancient Moirang, along with their respective consists, Laibenthous.
Thomas Ford Badon (December 3, 1922 – May 21, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the Mississippi House of Representatives and as a town alderman in Liberty, Mississippi.
The 2019–20 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represents the University of Idaho in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Vandals, led by interim head coach Zac Claus, play their home games at the Cowan Spectrum, with a few early season games at Memorial Gym, in Moscow, Idaho, as members of the Big Sky Conference.
On June 14, it was announced that head coach Don Verlin's contract would be terminated, effectively ending his tenure with the Vandals.
Through the show, they will be able to get to know each other and learn how to play soccer from the coaches.
He is known for leading a 1674–1675 expedition to the fjords and channels of Patagonia, participating in the following year in the Antonio de Vea expedition to the same area and for serving as Governor of Chiloé from 1686 to 1688.
Bartolomé Gallardo was one of various sons of Francisco Gallardo and Bartolina Andrade y Oyarzún, both of whom belonged to the upper echelons of Chiloé's colonial society.
Lacking a studies in cartography and being prone to believe whatever indigenous informants told him his contributions to the geography of Patagonia are in hindsight considered of poor quality.
In January 1676 de Vea found out that Cristóbal Talcapillán had fabricated his stories about the presence of Englishmen in the west coast of Patagonia.
In 1814, upon his father's death, he took over as Curator of the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux and Professor at the local drawing school.
He and Jean-Baptiste Légé (1779-1846) opened a lithography studio in 1821 and, in 1823, he decided to give up painting in favor of engraving.
From 1823 to 1825, he worked for the Musée d'Aquitaine.. For two years, he had a workshop devoted to the creation of carpets and tapestries.
Thirty years later, during his retirement, he wrote a cultural study of Italy; complete with sketches he made during the trip.
In 1838, he resigned his official positions to open a private workshop, but continued to teach drawing at a small school in Bazas.
In the late 1850s the Dutch navy seemed to have a found a suitable model for gunvessels that could be used in the Netherlands as well as in the Dutch East Indies and West Indies.
The reasons given for this apparent change of policy was that the government saw an advantage in lengthening the construction time of ships on the slipway, and that this way the national shipyards could use their supply of wood only suitable for small ships.
Below is a list of songs that topped the RIM Charts in 2020 according to the Recording Industry Association of Malaysia.
She is the founder of an online platform making sustainability actionable and interesting for young Nigerians through a social enterprise called SustyVibes.
Uchendu grew up in Lagos, where she attended primary and secondary school before enrolling at Covenant University where she completed a bachelor's degree in biochemistry.
In 2016, Uchendu founded SustyVibes, a social enterprise making sustainability actionable for young people in Nigeria through projects, products and policies.
SustyVibes was born out of the need to create a platform where Nigerian youths can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals through pop-cultural tools like music, photography, movies, tourism etc.
SustyVibes is a combination of Sustainable and Vibes which seeks to make sustainable development an interesting engagements for youths through an online platform where everyone can learn about sustainability news in Nigeria.
Since inception, the organization has trained over 2000 students from different schools and has a network of over 200 volunteers in Nigeria.
Prior to that she spent over a decade in executive roles at AmEx establishing the financial service company’s initial social media strategies.
In 2018 she earned a place on the National Board of Directors at Make a Wish Foundation Berland has a B.S.
They had gigs at the Manhattan Club, the Riviera, the Dynaflow and the Red Top with the bands of musicians Albert King, Little Milton, and Oliver Sain.
In 1961, Guy's saw his friend, Stacy Johnson, singing with Benny Sharp and the Zorros of Rhythm at the Club Caravan (formerly Early Bird Lounge).
One day at the Club Caravan, bandleader Ike Turner's vocalist Jimmy Thomas introduced Johnson and Guy to Turner, who at the recommendation of Ikette Robbie Montgomery, asked Guy and Johnson to join the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
Initially Guy sang backup in the revue, but after a few weeks on the road, Guy and Johnson recorded their first records for Turner at his home in East St. Louis.
He was getting fed up with doing roadie work, and while in Fort Smith, Arkansas for a gig he discovered that he was owed royalties.
Born in Gyeonggi-do, Roh appeared in a total of five Davis Cup ties for South Korea and was a member of the gold medal winning Korean team at the 1986 Asian Games.
Roh, a right-handed player, twice received a wildcard into the main draw of the Korea Open in Seoul, which were his only ATP Tour appearances.
He has performed in major international guitar festivals including Malibu Guitar Festival (USA, 2017), Guitare En Scene (France, 2016), Ziua Chitarelor (Romania, 2016), Jason Becker Not Dead Yet Festival (Holland, 2013), Eddie Lang Jazz Festival (Italy, 2010, 2013, 2015).
Anne McCahon (née Hamblett – 11October 191530December 1993) was a New Zealand artist who emerged as part of a lively South Island art scene in the 1930s, often taking trips into the countryside on painting excursions with fellow artists Doris Lusk, Toss Woollaston and Edith Woollaston, and her eventual husband, Colin McCahon.
early Dunedin painting days (c. 1934–1944) and her first solo show took place posthumously in 2016 at Te Uru Waitakere Contemporary Gallery.
Hamblett was a significant presence in what is now known as McCahon House, where the family lived from 1953-59, managing the household, hosting guests, and supplementing the family income through illustration work.
There is a more contemporary house and studio in the same section which serves as the base for the McCahon House artists' residency.
This fish is endemic to the Red Sea, records from outwith the Red Sea, in the Gulf of Aden and from Socotra require verification.
One method to produce dibenzylaniline is using a mixture of dibutyl tin dichloride and dibutyl stannane with N-benzilideneaniline along with hexamethylphosphoric triamide dissolved in tetrahydrofuran which yields a tin amide compound.
She was a member of the Canada women's national water polo team at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 Pan American Games.
Total Parco Pakistan Limited, stylized as TOTAL PARCO, is a Pakistani oil marketing company which is a subsidiary of French company Total S.A..
She was a member of the Canada women's national water polo team at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 Pan American Games.
She was a member of the Canada women's national water polo team at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 Pan American Games.
Some of those games were never released on any platform to begin with, while others had at least one release but were never ported or remade for the platform they were planned for.
Both the second round on Friday and the fourth round on Sunday were cancelled and only the Thursday and Saturday rounds were counted in the competition.
The World Cup, previously named the Canada Cup, had been shortened before, due to bad weather; 1963, 1972 and 1984, but it was the first time since the event was instituted in 1953, that two full rounds were lost.
The Australia team of Peter Fowler and Wayne Grady won by three strokes over the Spain team of José María Cañizares and José María Olazábal.
Beside the prize money mentioned, Fowler won additional US$ 10,000 for having the lowest individual score in the first round and the Australia team won additional US$10,000 for the lowest team score the first day.
According to this hypothesis, the Christians condemned to death by Nero would have walked across this road while going to their martyrdom in the Circus of the emperor.
According to Roman tradition, therefore, necropolises and sepulchers also settled along the streets that crossed it, and were normally left in place until the need arose to demolish them to make room for new buildings, or to recover materials.
Among the tombs, noteworthy is the one containing the sarcophagus of the young Crepereia Tryphaena; this contained, together with her funeral equipment, a doll with jointed arms.
When Constantine legitimized the Christian cult with his Edict of Milan and began his Christian public building program with the Lateran, he didn't do so in the public spaces of Rome, but on areas outside the walls and belonging to the imperial state property.
Part of the surrounding necropolis was submerged under the construction of the church, but partly re-emerged during the research of the tomb of Peter conducted in the 1940s-1950s.
Seikaly’s ‘Weaving a Home’ uses fabric composed of high-strength plastic tubing molded into sine-waves that expand and enclose based on weather conditions; it is easily broken down to allow for mobility and transport.
The tent also collects rainwater to be used for basic sanitation like showering, and absorb solar energy that is stored as electric energy in batteries.
Her works have been featured internationally, including at the MoMA in New York, the MAK in Vienna, and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam.
It was constructed in 1924 for the Independent Order of Rechabites – a friendly society and part of the temperance movement – and was a popular dance hall in the 1920s.
The building was listed on the City of Perth's heritage list in 2001, and on the State Register of Heritage Places in 2002.
In 2016, approval was given for a $3 million refurbishment, and it re-opened in November 2019 as four venues: a rooftop bar, a basement club, a performance hall and an eatery.
The facade, entry foyer and hall are particularly noteworthy examples of the style; other significant architectural features include the entry hall's mosaic tile floor, main jarrah staircase, and the main hall's vaulted ceiling – extensively lined with pressed metal embossed decorative patterns.
Damage from the 1980 fire is evident, and there have been some internal modifications made in the basement and the northern shopfront.
The tale of Joseph della Reina's messianic epic is illustrated in a poem by Meir Wieners, published in Vienna in 1919.
The legend of della Reina's attempt to force the early arrival of the messiah is used as a cautionary tale, warning of the dangers of Kabbalistic magic.
In the legend, della Reina tries to force the arrival of the messiah by capturing Asmodeus, the King of Demons, and his queen, Lilith.
At first, della Reina succeeds in placing the Asmodeus in chains, but then he becomes careless, allowing the King of Demons to outwit him.
The 1979 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders.
The Ryo Yei Maru was a small Japanese fishing smack that went derelict in a gale in December 1926 when its engine failed and then drifted until October 1927, during which time its crew died of thirst and starvation.
The boat had suffered engine failure on 23 December 1926 in a gale, and had drifted 4,000 or 5,000 miles from the coast of Japan over ten months.
The writing was said to indicate that the ship drifted helplessly for seven months after the captain and crew of it despaired of repairing their stalled gasoline engine.
Puteri Limau Manis, the eldest and heir to the throne, is the beauty of the family, and able to captivate anyone and soothe anger with her sweet voice.
Next to her in age is Puteri Limau Kasturi, the warrior at heart and a self-proclaimed tomboy who loves the outdoors and swordplay.
Puteri Limau Purut is shy, timid, and loves a quiet time in her garden, but makes up for her bashfulness by being the most brilliant of her sisters, thanks to her love for books.
Puteri Limau Bali is the polar opposite of Purut, full of energy with her sparkling, infectious personality and her love for food and cooking.
The youngest and the baby of the family is Puteri Limau Nipis, who is adorable and loves to play with her pet cat Jebat around the palace compound.
Dr Eugenie Hilda Dorothy Cheesmond (13 June 1919 – 11 October 2007) was a psychiatrist with a particular interest in drug addiction who formed the Lifeline charity in 1971.
Then she left South Africa in 1956 at the age of 37, going on to study at Cambridge, England, Berkeley, California and Manchester Universities.
Shortly after completing her studies, Cheesmond left to work in Kenya for 18 months as a 'government general practitioner' in Nairobi which she enjoyed, describing it as 'an entirely non-racial practice'.
Returning to the UK, Cheesmond then worked as a Registrar Psychiatrist at Parkside Hospital, Macclesfield for the Manchester Regional Hospital Board.
Her approach was often unconventional and she clashed with the Hospital Board after she set up a residential facility for treating 12 drug-dependent young people at her home in the hospital grounds.
Cheesmond eventually moved to Rossendale, and worked as a Liaison Medical Organiser for NHS/Social Services at Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale NHS.
After the experience of conflict with the Macclesfield hospital, Cheesmond formed EROS, a charitable organisation working with drug addiction, and in 1971 this became the Lifeline Trust, with support from the Bishop of Manchester and the On The 8th Day Collective.
Despite the problems with the Manchester Hospital Board, Cheesman gained support from local Members of Parliament and local churches to set up a drug-addiction centre.
Lifeline in its early days was described by Rowdy Yates, co-founder and himself a former drug user, as 'a therapeutic soup kitchen' and a 'place to crash' for drug users.
In his Therapeutic Communities Archive tribute to Cheesmond, Yates writes 'she was...a powerful force at a time when many in the medical profession felt that addiction was simply incurable'.
At that point it employed 1,300 workers and provided services for 80,000 people a year, including prisoners in 22 jails and other institutions.
Since 2005 he worked as a research assistant at the Institute for Musicology and Music Pedagogy at the University of Gießen, where he earned his doctorate in 2010 with a thesis on pop music journalism.
After a teaching assignment in Vienna, he was appointed professor for jazz and popular music research at the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz in 2016.
The Hui Kālaiʻāina (Hawaiian Political Association) was a political group founded in 1888 to oppose the 1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, often known as the Bayonet Constitution, and to promote Native Hawaiian leadership in the government.
It and the two organizations of Hui Aloha ʻĀina were active in the opposition to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the annexation of Hawaii to the United States from 1893 to 1898.
Hui Kālaiʻāina or the Hawaiian Political Association was founded on November 22, 1888 to oppose the 1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, often known as the Bayonet Constitution, and to promote Native Hawaiian leadership in the government.
The organization elected as its first president John E. Bush, a former royal governor of Kauai and cabinet minister of King Kalākaua.
On the afternoon of January14, 1893, after the prorogation of the legislative session, members of Hui Kālaiʻāina and a delegation of native leaders marched to ʻIolani Palace with a sealed package containing a newly drafted constitution.
According to William DeWitt Alexander, this was pre-planned by the queen to take place while she met with her newly appointed cabinet ministers in the Blue Room of the palace.
However, these ministers, including Samuel Parker, William H. Cornwell, John F. Colburn, and Arthur P. Peterson, were either opposed to or reluctant to support the new constitution.
After a brief transition under the Provisional Government, the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii was established on July4, 1894, with Sanford B. Dole as president.
During this period, the defacto government, which was composed largely of residents of American and European ancestry, sought to annex the islands to the United States against the wishes of the Native Hawaiians who wanted to remain an independent nation ruled by the monarchy.
In anticipation of a new vote on an annexation treaty supported by President William McKinley, Hui Kālaiʻāina and other Hawaiian nationalist groups collected petitions to oppose the treaties ratification in the United States Senate in 1897.
Members of Kālaiʻāina collected 17,000 signatures opposing annexation and asking for the restoration of Queen Liliʻuokalani while Hui Aloha ʻĀina collected over 21,000 signatures across the island chain opposing annexation.
The petitions were presented by a commission of Native Hawaiian delegates consisting of James Keauiluna Kaulia, (president of Hui Aloha ʻĀina), David Kalauokalani (president of Hui Kālaiʻāina), William Auld, and John Richardson to the United States government.
It was decided last minute not to submit the signatures by Hui Kālaiʻāina because it asked for the restoration of the monarchy and the delegations wanted to provide a united message to the United States and did not want to be seen as politically divided.
The petitions collectively were presented as evidence of the strong grassroots opposition of the Hawaiian community to annexation, and the treaty was defeated in the Senate.
However, a year following the defeat of the treaty in the Senate, Hawaii was annexed via the Newlands Resolution, a joint resolution of Congress, in July 1898.
This was done shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish–American War and necessitated by the strategic position of Hawaii as a Pacific military base.
To no avail, Hui Kālaiʻāina continued to attempt to undo the annexation of Hawaii to the United States and restore a Native Hawaiian-led government.
In 1996, historian Noenoe K. Silva discovered the 21,269 signatures of the Kūʻē Petitions by Hui Aloha ʻĀina in the National Archives in Washington, DC, but the whereabout of the original Hui Kālaiʻāina petition remains unknown.
The port of Kollam, in the kingdom, was a major point in overseas India trade to the West and the East Asia.
Nambudiri-Brahmin settlements of agriculturally rich areas (fertile wet land) were another major source of support to the Makotai kingdom in the Periyar Valley.
His kingship was only ritual and remained nominal compared with the power that local chieftains (the udaiyavar) exercised politically and militarily.
There are clear indications as to how different branches of the Chera family managed different centres of power in Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the early Tamil poems.
It is speculated that there was little economic pressure on the Kerala rulers for territorial conquest, the region being naturally rich and obtaining income from the trade with the Middle East.
The kingdom was attacked, and eventually forced into submission, by the Cholas in early 11th century AD (in order to break the monpoly of trade with the Middle East).
The udaiyavar chieftains were liable to serve the Chera Perumal in battles (against invading Pandyas and Cholas) and the chiefdoms functioned as revenue collection units for the Chera kingdom.
The Chera/Perumal only held direct authority over the country that extended from Palakkad to Vembanad Lake, including the port of Kodungallur.
Koyil Adhikarikal/Al Koyil, the Chera royal present in a chiefdom, collected regular dues (the attaikkol and arantai) from the chiefdoms for the Perumal at Kodungallur.
The Perumal dynasty was succeeded in south Kerala (Venad) by the Kulasekhara dynasty (whose kings were also known as the Cheras).
The Chera/Perumal held direct authority over the country that extended from Palakkad to Vembanad Lake (including Kodungallur in the Periyar Valley).
Within this country, the nadus were present as militaristic/revenue units (with members of martial families serving the Chera/Perumal king appointed as the Udayaivar).
India as I knew it is a book, published in 1925 by Constable and Company and written by Michael O'Dwyer, who included in the book his account of the Amritsar troubles in 1919.
Gavin David Bassinder (born 24 September 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Wayne Thomas (born 28 August 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Shrewsbury Town and Walsall.
After she earned a licenciate degree in economics from the University of Basel, she worked as an economist and an economic journalist.
Leutenegger Oberholzer was first involved in politics within the Progressive Organizations of Switzerland which she represented in the Grand Council of Basel-Stadt from 1983 to 1989 and in the National Council from 1987 to 1991.
She joined the Social Democratic Party in 1993 and served as a Socialist National Councillor from 1999 until she resigned in 2018.
Carlo Camilieri-Gioia (born 14 May 1975) is a Belgian former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Lydia Marinelli was born at Matrei, a relatively isolated little town north of Lienz, high in the mountains of East Tyrol.
In 1992 she took a research fellowship with the , later becoming a curator at the foundation's Sigmund Freud Museum at Berggasse 19.
It was charactristic that Marinelli combined her work on the dissertation with a small (and very well reviewed) exhibition on the same themes which she was preparing for the Freud Museum.
Although the focus of her professional career was on Vienna, Lydia Marinelli was an enthusiastic networker and communicator, notably when it came to encouraging a less polarised and ossified approach to the study of Sigmund Freud.
Parathelypteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Thelypteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
David John Jervis (born 18 January 1982) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Phill Grimshaw (1 February 1950 – 27 July 1998) was an English typeface designer and calligrapher who designed dozens of fonts for Letraset and the International Typeface Corporation (ITC) in the 1980s and 1990s.
He studied art at Bolton College, where he was taught by the typographer Tony Forster, with whom he would later become close friends.
He returned to Lancashire after graduating from the RCA and opened a commercial lettering studio focusing on both typography and calligraphy.
His calligraphic work was popular in the advertising industry; he produced work for the British Council, Marks & Spencer, Gale's, Littlewoods, Scottish & Newcastle, and BBC North.
Grimshaw's professional partnership with Colin Brignall began in the 1980s, when Brignall was the type director for Letraset, which produced sheets of typefaces for dry transfer.
He continued collaborating with Brignall at the International Typeface Corporation (ITC), beginning with ITC Braganza (1996), which won a Type Directors Club Award.
Harvey spent several years in England where he served in three rural parishes in the Diocese of Lincoln and was the Bishop's Selection Adviser in the discernment process for people offering for the ordained ministry.
Upon his return to Australia he served as the Rector of St Mark's, Clayfield and from 2014 the Residentiary Canon of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane.
In June 2018, it was announced that Harvey would be appointed the 12th Bishop of Grafton, replacing Sarah Macneil who had retired earlier that year.
In June 2019, Harvey defended the appointment of a priest in his Diocese who was in a same-sex marriage (which is not permitted in the Anglican Church of Australia).
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 4 was the fourth event of the season and is held in Oberhof, Germany, from 9 to 12 January 2020.
Shanshan Airport ) , also known as Piqan Airport, is an airport serving Shanshan County (also known as Piqan), a city in Uyghur autonomous region of Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China.
Arizona Roundup is a 1942 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Robert Emmett Tansey and Frances Kavanaugh.
Grant represented England at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and won a bronze medal in the 109 Kg clean and jerk.
Annunciation House has received international attention and news-coverage as a result of incidents related to the 2014 American immigration crisis, the Trump administration family separation policy, the U.S.-Mexico border crisis, and the National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States.. As of January 2020, Rubén Garcia has been Director of the shelter for more than 40 years.
The majority of people arriving at Annunciation House come after being detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), or the US Border Patrol.
The founding principles included that any services and facilities provided through the shelter would be free, that those involved in the operation of the shelter would be unpaid, and the shelter would rely on donations rather than permanent funding sources.
In the early 1990s, Annunciation House developed a program called the 'Border Awareness Experience' which facilitated encounters between participants, people, and groups on both side of the US-Mexican border.
On February 22nd, 2003, a 19 year-old undocumented person from Mexico who was staying at Annunciation House, Juan Patricio Peraza, was shot and killed near to the shelter by a Border Patrol agent.
At 9:00AM, Juan Patricio Peraza was disposing of trash outside of the shelter when he was stopped and questioned by two uniformed Border Patrol agents.
The incident drew widespread condemnation from civil and religious community leaders, and is frequently cited as an example of the militarization of the US-Mexico border region and the disproportionate use of violence by law enforcement personnel against migrant communities.
As a result of its front-line involvement in providing shelter and resources to migrants and homeless people in El Paso, the organisation has received national attention from migrant rights groups who have encouraged donations to the organisation, both financially and in the form of voluntary labour.
Phouoibi Lairembi is the Manipuri goddess of rice, paddy, grains, harvest, food, wealth and prosperity in Manipuri mythology and Manipuri religion.
She represented the team during a test series in Breda; at the 2016 Junior Oceania Cup on the Gold Coast; and at the 2016 FIH Junior World Cup in Santiago.
Following the Pro League, Dickins appeared at the Oceania Cup in Rockhampton, where the Black Sticks won gold and gained qualification to the 2020 Summer Olympics.
He also participated in the demonstration curling events at the 1992 Winter Olympics, where the French men's team finished in sixth place.
Kingston upon Thames War Memorial, in the Memorial Garden on Union Street, Kingston upon Thames, London, commemorates the men of the town who died in the First World War.
The memorial includes a bronze statue of a nude warrior, carrying a flaming cross and wielding a sword with which he defends two children from a serpent, erected on a granite plinth, with bronze plaques listing the names of the dead.
It retains close links to its historic county, Surrey, although it is now the administrative centre for the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, a borough of Greater London.
During the First World War, the borough librarian began to maintain a record of the men from the town killed in the conflict and, at the war's end in 1919, the borough corporation determined to commemorate the dead by commissioning a memorial.
After a period of discussion of the nature and site of the memorial, the commission was awarded to Richard Reginald Goulden in 1920.
He had trained as a sculptor at the Dover School of Art and at the National Art Training School, followed by a pre-war career as a teacher and artist.
In 1920 he won a prestigious commission to design a memorial to the staff of the Bank of England who had died in the war.
In addition to the memorials at Kingston and at the Bank of England, Goulden designed at least nine other war memorials in the 1920s, with other examples in or near London including Middlesex Guildhall, St Michael Cornhill, Hornsey and Redhill, and further afield at Brightlingsea, Dover, Malvern, Crompton, and Gateshead.
Five (Crompton, Dover, Kingston, Redhill, and St Michael Cornhill) are listed at Grade II*, and four (Bank of England, Brightlingsea, Gateshead, Malvern) at Grade II.
As with Kingston, many of the memorials feature a bronze figure holding an object aloft, or a man one or two children, or both.
The memorial is topped by a large bronze sculpture, which depicts a nude warrior raising aloft a burning crucifix in his left hand, while his right holds a sword which he uses to strike a serpent.
An earlier example, from 1914, was the memorial to the feminist social reformer Margaret MacDonald at Lincoln's Inn Fields, itself Grade II listed.
The pedestal inscription was revised after the Second World War to include mention of the town's dead from that conflict, but the names of individuals were not inscribed on the memorial.
Burton foundry at Thames Ditton (Goulden had made a bronze memorial sculpture for Burton's daughter Dolly, who died in 1908, which stands in Kingston Cemetery, and is also Grade II listed).
The memorial stands in a gated enclosure in a public garden, formerly an overflow burial ground for All Saints Church, Kingston upon Thames.
The ceremony of dedication for the Kingston memorial was held on 11 November 1923 and was led by Frederick George Penny, the town's member of parliament and later created 1st Viscount Marchwood.
That edition he drove steadily, finishing in the top three of the general classification and even leading once, but in the 7th stage following a car accident he could not rebound in the subsequent stages and was eventually placed 10th in the overall classification.
Smethurst represented England and won a gold medal in the team event and a bronze medal on the floor, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Four years later he repeated the success of winning team gold and secured another bronze in the parallel bars at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
Hologymnosus longipes, the sidespot longface wrasse or the plain slender wrasse, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses.
Males are greenish, fading to whitish below, have a green head which as a pattern of pink bars radiating out from the eye, They also have orange bars on the flanks which fade to pale lavenderish-blue to purple on lower side towards the head.
the males also have an oval black spot on the flanks above the pectoral fin, and a large, whitish patch on the posterior of the blue-coloured caudal fin.
The dorsal fin has 9 spines and 12 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 12 soft rays.
The Sephardic Temple of Constanța also Spanish Rite Temple Israelite also Templul Sefard din Constanța was a Sephardic synagogue ”for the « Spanish » Jews”, located at 18 on Mircea Street in the city of Constanța, Romania.
The Sephardic Temple was built between 1905 and 1908 in a Catalan Gothic architectural style following the blueprints of Austrian architect Adolf Lintz and decorated by painter Moritz Finkelstein.
The sephardic synagogue was heavily damaged during the Second World War when it was used as an ammunition warehouse, later further damaged by an earthquake, and was demolished in 1989 under the rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu.
The 2020 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship will be the 75th U.S. Women's Open, to be played June 4–7 at Champions Golf Club in Houston, Texas.
Players qualify by competing in one of 24 36-hole qualifying tournaments held at sites across the United States and at international sites in China, England, Japan, and South Korea.
Players are listed only once, in the first category in which they became exempt, with additional categories in parentheses () next to their names.
Pauline Boumphrey née Pauline Firth, later Pauline Firth Haworth, (11 October 1886 -25 January 1959) was an American sculptor who spent the majority of her career working in Britain.
In 1925 she was awarded an honourable mention for a piece she showed at the Salon des Artistes Francais in Paris.
Boumphrey also exhibited works at the Royal Academy in London, at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool and in Glasgow and Edinburgh.
She was a regular exhibitor with the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts and was elected an associte member of that Academy in 1925.
Among the works she exhibited in Manchester was a 1942 design for a war memorial to the civilian victims of the Blitz.
He previously served as the district and sessions judge of the North-East Delhi District Court and as Principal Secretary (Law) with the Government of Delhi.
As a judge, Mendiratta headed the North-East Delhi District Court as its district and sessions judge, headed the Motor Accidents Claim Tribunal, and served as a CBI special judge in 2012.
He also served as the Principal Secretary (Law) in the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, during which he had disagreements with Delhi law minister Kailash Gahlot, resulting in his repatriation to his parent judicial cadre.
Mendiratta was appointed Secretary (Legal Affairs), heading the Department of Legal Affairs in the Ministry of Law and Justice, on deputation from the judicial service, by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, on the advice of a search-cum-selection committee, which interviewed more than 60people for the job.
His appointment marked the first time a serving judge was appointed Law Secretary, breaking the earlier tradition of appointing Indian Legal Service officers to the post.
Arrallas (also Argallez, Argalles) was a manorial settlement recorded in the Domesday book, when in 1086 it had seven households and three ploughlands.
In the fourth year of the reign of Edward I (c1276) a jury in the Hundred of Powdershire held that Robert de Cardinan had held the fee in chief of Henry III, but this was alienated by Isolda de Cardinan and was then now held by a Manger de St. Albin.
When a Guy St Aubyn's widow Alice Sergeaux married Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford it passed to the earl, before returning to the St Aubyn family.
In 1492 the manor was granted to John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, who forfeited it and whence it came to the Duke of Gloucester.
The 10,000 metres event took place at the Zatopek 10K on 13 December 2007 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, tThe men's 5000 metres was held at the Melbourne Track Classic on 21 February 2008 at the Olympic Park Stadium, and the women's 5000 metres was held at the Sydney Track Classic on 16 February 2008 at the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre in Sydney.
Brewer represented England and won a gold medal in the team event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Four years later he repeated the success of winning team gold at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and won a bronze medal at his third Commonwealth Games in 2006 at Melbourne.
Hologymnosus rhodonotus, the redback longface wrasse or the red slender wrasse, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses.
It is distributed in the western Pacific Ocean from Japan to Indonesia, as far south as the Timor Sea in Australian waters.
The satellite's main communication payload is 12 Ku band transponders for covering Indian mainland and islands and 12 C-band transponders for extended coverage over Asia and Australia.
It was assembled by a consortium of mid-sized industries led by Alpha Design Technologies Ltd. at ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment at Bengaluru.
GSAT-30 satellite was launched aboard Ariane-5 launch vehicle (VA251) from French Guiana on 21:05 UTC ,16 January 2020 or 02:35 IST, 17 January 2020.
After three orbit raising burns with cumulative duration of 2 hours 29 minutes, GSAT-30 acquired station at 81°E on 25 January 2020.
Chandrashekhar Dhundiraj Deshpande ( – ), popularly known as C. D. Deshpande, was an Indian author, geographer, noted educationist, and teacher.
Deshpande is an innovator who worked on many fronts to improve the status of the Geography subject as an independent science and academic discipline.
His work in the field of Geography may be divided into three spheres, the schools, the university and the geographical society.
Deshpande’s own personal efforts were also crucial in the establishment of an independent department of geography at the University of Bombay.
He raised the question of founding an All-India geographical Organization, and efforts in that direction led to the establishment of the National Association of Geographers, India.
Deshpande was born in a Marathi-speaking Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin family of Sanskrit scholars on in Kolhapur, a city in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra.
Liselotte Spreng (15 February 1912 in Biel/Bienne, canton of Berne – 25 November 1992 in Villars-sur-Glâne, canton of Fribourg) was a Swiss women's rights activist and politician.
She studied medicine at the universities of Berne and Lausanne and opened a surgery with her husband in Fribourg in 1941.
After women's suffrage was introduced in the canton of Fribourg in 1971, Spreng represented The Liberals in the Grand Council of Fribourg.
In 1971, she was elected as the first female representative of the canton of Fribourg to the National Council, where she sat until 1983.
The son of Lancelot Bulkeley Archbishop of Dublin from 1619 to 1650, he was born in Dublin educated at Trinity College, Dublin.
He was Prebendary of Mulhuddart in St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1626 to 1627 and then Chancellor from 1627 to 1636; and Archdeacon of Dublin from 1636 until his death in 1671.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried a dozen torpedoes.
Balilla was the lead ship of her class of four submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the late 1920s.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried a dozen torpedoes.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried a dozen torpedoes.
Atherton represented England and won a gold medal in the team event and two silver medals in the rings and all-around events, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Long-distance events took place separately: the 10,000 metres events was held at the Zatopek 10K on 14 December 2006 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne while the 5000 metres events were held at the Melbourne Track Classic on 2 March 2007.
He previously served as Chairperson of the now-defunct Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council which was abolished and replaced by the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development created through Republic Act No.
He went to Adamson University in Manila to take up a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from 1973 to 1975 before attending military college in Baguio.
In 1990, he was assigned with the 8th Infantry Division in Catbalogan, Samar as a battery commander of the 8th Field Artillery Battery.
Del Rosario then served as Batallion Commander of the 73rd Infantry Batallion of the 10th Infantry Division based in Davao City at the height of the CPP-NPA-NDF conflict in southern Mindanao in the early 2000s.
He then served briefly as commander of the AFP Joint Special Operations Group based in Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City before returning to Samar as Commander of the 803rd Infantry Brigade from 2007 to 2009 and as Assistant Division Commander in 2009.
In 2009, then Brigadier General del Rosario returned to Davao City as commander of the 1003rd Infantry Brigade and reactivated the recruitment of indigenous peoples into the Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit (CAFGU) with the aim of diminishing the strength of the Communist rebels operating in the city's Toril, Calinan, Marilog and Paquibato districts.
del Rosario was also Internal Auditor of the Philippine Army and head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines Civil Relations Service when he was promoted by President Benigno Aquino III to the rank of Major General in 2011.
His last military assignment was as commanding general of the 2nd Infantry Division based in Tanay, Rizal before his compulsory retirement in November 2012.
del Rosario was appointed by President Benigno Aquino III as Administrator of the Office of Civil Defense in February 2013 following his mandatory retirement from the Armed Forces at age 56.
Concurrent to his duties with the OCD, he also held the position of Executive Director of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council under the Aquino administration.
As OCD and NDRRMC chief, he led the government's emergency and disaster management councils in assisting victims of the 2013 Bohol earthquake, the Zamboanga City crisis and Tropical Storm Lingling.
Del Rosario resigned from his post in April 2014 citing health reasons, but which critics said was due to the government's poor preparations and response in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan.
In June 2016, upon assumption of Rodrigo Duterte as president of the country, del Rosario returned to government service as Undersecretary for Civil, Vetarans and Retiree Affairs of the Department of National Defense.
Del Rosario then served as Chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council succeeding Leoncio Evasco Jr. in July 2017.
As housing secretary, del Rosario also served as Chairman of the Boards of the National Housing Authority, Social Housing Finance Corporation, Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Home Development Mutual Fund (PAGIBIG), National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation and as Vice Chairman of the Home Guarantee Corporation.
11201 signed by President Duterte in February 2019, del Rosario was appointed as the executive department's first acting secretary with his appointment paper signed on January 2, 2020.
The Exiles Memorial Center () is located in Estoril, Portugal and houses a permanent exhibition of photographs, documentation and objects related to the history of refugees who stayed in the Cascais/Estoril area of Portugal during the period between 1936 and 1955.
The Memorial Center, inaugurated in February 1999, is situated above the Estoril post office in a building designed by Portuguese architect Adelino Nunes.
A new following was formed in 1852, with Sunday services held at the Temperance Hall, often by ministers from Taunton and Bristol.
A plot of land was donated by Messrs C. & J. Clark and plans for a chapel capable of seating 400 people were drawn up by Samuel Pollard of Taunton.
Mr. Samuel Petvin of Street was hired as the builder and the foundation stone was laid by Mr. Thomas Simpson of Manchester on 8 August 1854.
Leonardo Barbieri (1818-1896) was an Italian portrait painter and daguerrotypist who was an expatriate in the Western Hemisphere, including Argentina, Bolivia, California, and Peru, in the 1840s-1860s.
By 1849, he had opened a studio in San Francisco, followed by Santa Barbara in 1850 and 1852, and Monterey in 1852.
He was a portrait painter and daguerrotypist in Lima, Peru in 1861-1863, He opened an art school, and his students included Peruvian painters Federico del Campo and Daniel Hernández Morillo.
His work is in the permanent collections of the De Saisset Museum on the campus of Santa Clara University and the Santa Barbara Historical Society.
The 56th edition of the Men's World Allround Speed Skating Championships was held on 11 and 12 February 1995 at the Ice Rink Piné, Baselga di Pinè in Italy.
He made his List A debut for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2018–19 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 12 March 2019.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 12 January 2020, for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
In the 2014 Paris municipal election, Anne Hidalgo of the Socialist Party was elected mayor of Paris, becoming the first woman to hold that position.
Her principal opponent was Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet of the UMP who had finished ahead of Hidalgo in the first round of voting on 23 March.
Because Georgios would not recognize the sanctity of the local martyrs, four years later after his appointment he returned to Byzantium.
Wilcox represented England and won a silver medal in the team event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Liz Kimmins MLA is a Sinn Féin politician who has served as Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Newry and Armagh constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly since January 2020.
Doradilla is grown in Spain where it is an authorised variety in the wine regions of Málaga and Sierras de Málaga DOPs.
The plot revolves around early pregnancy, bullying and drugs in young people, as well as their social life during their high school stage.
Foca was the lead ship of her class of three submarine minelayers built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the late 1930s.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried eight torpedoes.
The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design.
Commonly known as the CSUN Conference, this event is the world’s largest event dedicated exploring new ways technology can assist people with disabilities.
The CSUN Conference was built to be an inclusive event for researchers, practitioners, exhibitors, end users, speakers and other participants to share knowledge and best practices in the field of assistive technology.
This event is a global forum that showcases cutting edge technology and practical solutions that can be utilized to remove the barriers that prevent the full participation of persons with disabilities in educational, workplace and social settings.
Other notable accessibility events include the M-Enabling Summit Conference and Showcase, the Assistive Technology Industry Association Conference, the National Federation of the Blind National Convention and the American Council of the Blind Annual Conference and Convention.
Edward Hare (27 December 1812 - 13 February 1897) was a British surgeon and former Director-General of Hospitals in Bengal, India.
He also served in medical charge of the Second European Bengal Fusiliers during the siege of Delhi and received the medal.
Hare who had observed military action with the British forces in Afghanistan in 1939, used quinine to treat soldiers near the Nepal border.
The Calcutta Medical Board obtained a sanction from Lord Dalhousie to bring Hare to Calcutta and place him in charge of a wing at the General Hospital.
In a year, Hare had reduced the death-rate from fevers to one-twelfth of its average rate for the previous twenty years.
Hare's system of using quinine to treat fever in malaria was supported by the Medical Board and was used throughout India.
Over a period of nine years, he treated 7,000 European soldiers with quinine and recorded a mortality rate of less than 0.5 percent.
He participated in many international exhibitions, he realized many monuments in Tunisia including the National Monument of the Kasbah in Tunis.
William Reichenstein Uttal (March 24, 1931 – February 5, 2017) was an American psychologist and engineer known for his criticism of cognitive neuroscience, and for his advocacy for distributed neural processing.
Victor Lamar Law (born December 19, 1995) is an American basketball player for the Orlando Magic of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Lakeland Magic of the NBA G League.
In his sophomore year at St. Rita he was selected in the Catholic League All-Conference team; in his junior year he averaged 14.5 points and 9.5 rebounds, and was selected in the All-State third team.
As a high school senior Law was included in the top 100 players in the nation by ESPN (which ranked him 66th), Scout.com (70th), 247Sports.com (89th) and Rivals.com (86th).
He received interest from several Division I colleges, and was offered scolarships by Bradley, Creighton, Colorado, Harvard, Providence and Northwestern, among others; he committed to Northwestern on July 4, 2013 and signed on November 13 of the same year.
He had a strong freshman season, starting 19 games as a freshman and averaging 7.0 points and 4.8 rebounds per game.
Law appeared in 125 career games in four seasons at Northwestern, averaging 11.5 points, 5.7 rebounds and 2.0 assists per game.
After going undrafted in the 2019 NBA draft, Law was signed by the Orlando Magic for training camp, but ultimately waived and added to the roster of their NBA G League affiliate, the Lakeland Magic.
Javanbakht has worked on a variety of projects exploring the properties of hydrogels, catalysts ... using scanning microscopy and other techniques.
She is a proponent of the idea that women should embrace polymathy in order to advance the struggle for women's rights, in particular being able to think and work in several languages.
Whilst in Canada, Javanbakht has studied for additional Masters qualifications at Université du Québec à Montréal: for molecular biology in 2011 and for the study of logic in the Department of Philosophy in 2016.
Magnus Saugstrup (born 12 July 1996) is a Danish handball player who plays for Aalborg Håndbold and the Danish national team.
Blue Beetle is a long running comic book series that was first published by Fox Feature Syndicate before being a Charlton Comics title and currently a DC Comics title.
The series was the second featured title of a superhero in American comic book magazines after Superman having his own series.
After the popularity of Charlton's new Blue Beetle named Ted Kord that was introduced in the back up feature of Captain Atom solo series in issue #83.
They then revised Ted Kord with colloboration form Len Wein and Paris Cullins that lasted until issue #24 in May 1988.
DC Comics once again relauched its titles with DC Rebirth and featured Reyes in his new series that lasted in April 2018.
The is a Kofun period burial mound, located in what is now part of the city of Nishio, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan and were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1957.
The coastline during the Kofun period is estimated to have reached about 10 kilometers inland from the present site; however, from ancient and medieval times land reclamation gradually progressed due to sedimentation of the Yahagi River.
The hills within 2 kilometers around the old burial mound are formed of gabbro, and the stones covering the kofun are almost entirely gabbroic.
Although the burial chamber was not opened, a total of 11 trenches were excavated in its sides from 1985 to 2002.
Per the 2001 and 2002 survey, the mound was established to be a three-tiered keyhole-shaped mound; however, with the front line is oblique to the main axis.
The first and second ties were formed by cutting and contouring the natural hill, and the uppermost level was added as an embankment.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried eight torpedoes.
The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 12 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried eight torpedoes.
The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design.
The species has small golden yellow fruiting bodies resembling unrelated agarics in the Hygrophoraceae or Mycenaceae, with slightly slippery caps and a frosted yellowish stipe.
Kenneth Wooten Jr. (born April 17, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League.
Wooten was born and grew up in Stockton, California and initially attended Stagg High School before transferring to Manteca High School after his sophomore year.
As a senior, he averaged 13.6 points, 10.9 rebounds, and 4.0 blocks per game and scored 26 points with 18 rebounds and nine blocks in the Buffaloes win over Ayala High School in the 2016 State title game.
Rated a four-star recruit, Wooten initially signed a national letter of intent to play college basketball at Nevada before asking to be released from his commitment in order to re-open his recruiting due to coaching changes at the school.
He then transferred to Trinity International School in Las Vegas, Nevada for a postgraduate year in order to reclassify for the class of 2017.
As a freshman, Wooten averaged 6.4 points, 4.5 rebounds and a Pac-12 Conference-leading 2.6 blocks per game and was named to the conference's All-Defensive team.
He averaged 6.3 points, 4.8 rebounds, and 2.2 blocks per game and was again named to the Pac-12 All-Defensive team in his sophomore season.
Following the end of the season, Wooten announced that he would forgo his final two seasons of NCAA eligibility to enter the 2019 NBA draft.
After going unselected in the 2019 NBA Draft, Wooten was invited to play for the New York Knicks' summer league team.
Wooten was waived by the Knicks on October 19, 2019 and joined the team's NBA G League affiliated, the Westchester Knicks.
Evgeny E. Nikitin (, ; born 9 May 1933 in Saratov, Russia) is a Russian theoretical chemist and emeritus professor at the Technion in Haifa, Israel.
Later he moved to the Institute for Chemical Physics at The Academy of Sciences of the USSR Moscow where he earned his doctorate in 1965.
From 1965 to 1991 he was Professor at the Institute for Chemical Physics and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
His field of work is the theoretical description of Elementary reactions with quantum theoretical methods, especially by using different quantum mechanical approximations.
He is particularly well known for his investigations of non-adiabatic electronic effects in dynamic and kinetic chemical reactions, in other words, effects that cannot be described in the Born–Oppenheimer approximation.
Nikitin has published more than 300 scientific works in journals as well as several specialist books, some of which have only been published in Russian.
It was established by Qutb Shahi sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 AD to expand their capital beyond the Golconda fort.
Some of the iconic mosques in Hyderabad such as Toli Masjid, Mian Mishk Masjid, Spanish Mosque and Paigah Mosque were constructed by the prominent nobles of the former rulers of Hyderabad state.
is the sixth vessel of the Canadian Coast Guard's s. The ship entered service in 2013, tasked with enforcing Canadian maritime law within Canada's nautical borders.
Based on Damen Stan's Patrol 4207 design, the patrol vessel measures long overall with a beam of and a draught of .
for a soldier of the Canadian Army who displayed great valour during the War in Afghanistan was killed in the line of duty, the ship was launched on 13 September 2013.
The ship was refloated on 26 November 2018 and taken to a dock in Sambro where the full extent of the damage was assessed.
In the aftermath, the Canadian Coast Guard cut ties with Canadian Maritime Engineering, the shipyard performing the repair work at the time of the sabotage.
He is the Member of the National Assembly for Gwangju North 2nd constituency since 2016 and the President of the New Alternatives since 2020.
Prior to these careers, he was the Presidential Secretary and the last aide for the ex-President of the Republic Kim Dae-jung.
During the 1980s, Choi was once jailed for being involved in Hakrim incident and Youth Union for Pro-democracy Movement (aka Minchŏngryŏn) incident, in which the former was acquitted in 2015.
Choi was brought into the Democratic Unionist Party and launched his bid for Gwangju North 2nd constituency in 2012, but lost to Lim Nae-hyun during the preselection.
Choi once helped the party's ex-President Ahn Cheol-soo, but due to the disagreement of Ahn's decision to merge with the Bareun Party, he quitted and joined the Party for Democracy and Peace (PDP) in 2018.
In August, he launched his bid for the party's presidency but came behind of Chung Dong-young and Yu Sung-yup, made him as one of the Vice Presidents.
As an example, on 9 December 2016, when the former Deputy Prime Minister Choi was the only MP who abstained from the impeachment vote against the President Park Geun-hye, the former Presidential Secretary Choi was the one who received lots of protest messages.
The is a Kofun period burial mound, located in what is now part of the city of Inuyama, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan.
Old Eyre Highway is a remnant part of the Eyre Highway that was abandoned in the construction of a route closer to the coast of the Great Australian Bight.
Portions of the old route now exist in a range of protected areas, Aboriginal lands, and National Parks and reserves on the South Australian side.
The sandy track, and numerous cattle grids were experienced by traffic well into the late 1970s when the SA route was sealed and moved south.
Olive Tree is the most common English name of a new religious movement founded in South Korea by Park Tae Son ().
The movement was originally known in Korea as Jesus Christ Congregation Revival Association of Korea () and later as The Church of Heavenly Father (Cheonbugyo, ).
The Olive Tree is regarded as a cult by mainline Christian denominations in Korea, and it has been argued that combating the Olive Tree was a main reason for the emergence of an organized anti-cult movement in South Korea.
He was raised as a Presbyterian in a poor family, that could only allow him to receive a primary school education.
To improve his lot, he went to Japan, where he worked as a milkman and newsboy during the day and was able to complete Technical High School through evening courses.
According to American anthropologist Felix Moos, Park felt discriminated in Japan as a Korean, which explains why he maintained a strong anti-Japanese orientation in later life.
In 1944, Park returned to Korea, where he started attending a Presbyterian church near Namdaemun gate in Seoul and became a moderately successful businessperson by launching his own Korea Precision Machine Company.
In 1955, he was one of the main preachers at a large Presbyterian revival meeting organized at Namsan Mountain near Seoul.
The incident converted Park into a nationally well-known preacher, and in April 1955 he formed the Jesus Christ Congregation Revival Association of Korea (), originally as part of the Presbyterian Church.
The latter saw it as a potentially schismatic organization, and was suspicious of Park’s claim of supernatural powers and messianic status.
His followers at that time believed he was not God, but the last prophet of God before the millennial kingdom and God’s only authorized spokesperson on Earth.
Although the exact number of followers he gathered is a matter of controversy, Park’s became one of the largest new religious movements in Korea, with perhaps two million members in the mid-1960s.
At the same time, mainline Christian denominations and several Korean media regarded Park’s movement as a cult, indeed Korean’s quintessential cult, and organized against it what was the first embryo of the future large Korean anti-cult movement.
Lee answered that there was indeed in South Korea a problem with cults, but these were the Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Unification Movement founded by Sun Myung Moon rather than his own organization.
Park was arrested for fraud four times, although he initially managed to obtain lenient sentences, according to Moos due to his good relations with president Syngman Rhee, to whom the Olive Tree offered the votes of its followers.
With the decline of Rhee’s power and his eventual exile from Korea, however, Park had to spend longer periods in jail, both for deceiving his followers with false healing claims and defrauding them of their money (which was then not declared to the tax office), and for illegal electoral practices supporting pro-Rhee candidates.
Park was in jail from December 27, 1958 to March 26, 1960, and from January 27, 1961 to January 10, 1962.
The controversies did not initially affect the success of the Olive Tree, which continued to grow and open new churches and other facilities through the 1960s and the 1970s.
The center of its doctrine and worship is the claim that Park is God, indeed the only true God, and that his spirit is present in The Church of Heavenly Father, where it can be perceived through a divine perfume and ectoplasm-like manifestations.
Founders of other successful Korean new religious movements, such as the Victory Altar and Shincheonji, were once members of the Olive Tree, and their theology has been influenced by Park.
Hammamet is a 2020 Italian biographical drama co-written and directed by Gianni Amelio, based on the last years of life of Bettino Craxi (1934–2000), an Italian statesman and politician who was the Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party and served as Prime Minister during the 1980s.
The film was released shortly before the 20th anniversary of Craxi's death, which occurred on 19 January 2000 in the Tunisian town of Hammamet, where he had lived since 1994 to avoid serving a 27-years in jail sentence because of his corruption crimes.
During the late 1990s, after escaping from Italy to avoid imprisonment, the old and ill Bettino Craxi is spending his last days with his wife and daughter in his villa in Hammamet, Tunisia.
His new life as a fallen leader and as a fugitive is now dedicated to meeting family members, old friends and obscure figures from his past.
The first promotional images were released on 13 March 2019, while the first theatrical trailer was released on 18 December 2019.
It is formed by the Chief Executive of Prague City Hall and other employees of the City of Prague included in this body.
Employees of Prague City Hall are located mainly in two buildings within the Prague city centre – in the New City Hall and in the Škoda Palace.
Its scope is defined by the Act on the City of Prague in the Czech law and the City Decree on the Statute of the City of Prague.
John Harris (16 July 1812 - 20 July 1869) was a railway engineer who worked on the Stockton and Darlington Railway from 1836 to 1847.
He was born on 16 July 1812 in Maryport, Cumbria, the son of William Harris, a sailcloth manufacturer who was bankrupted in the financial crisis of 1816, and his wife Sarah.
In 1836 he was appointed resident engineer to the Stockton and Darlington Railway, replacing Thomas Storey, a position he held until around 1847.
He also built a railway bridge across the River Tees at Stockton which was designed by Robert Stephenson, replacing an earlier suspension bridge.
He also designed the Middlesbrough and Redcar railway, and the Weardale Extension Railway from Crook to Waskerley, part of the Wear Valley Railway.
He was also involved in the construction of the railway between Wakefield, Pontefract and Goole railway and the Kendal to Windermere Railway.
He is thought to have been significantly affected by the collapse of the bank of Overend, Gurney and Company in 1866 which resulted in him selling many of his assets.
The girls' 1500 metres speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Lake St. Moritz on 13 January 2020.
The same age is prescribed for bishops in the Eastern Catholic Churches according to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (Canon 180, 4).
Three Swedes in Upper Bavaria (German: Drei Schwedinnen in Oberbayern) is a 1977 West German sex comedy film directed by Sigi Rothemund and starring Gianni Garko, Alexander Grill and Beate Hasenau.
The owner of a struggling Bavarian hotel decides to import three attractive Swedish girls to help out, and they manage to save the business.
HaHa Nick (also spelled HAHA Nick; ) is a defunct television programming block co-produced by Nickelodeon and Shanghai Media Group (SMG).
The block began development in March 2004, following a change in China's media regulations that allowed foreign ownership of televised content.
Throughout 2005, it also syndicated several of its shows to China's 30 regional children's cable channels, available to another 100 million households.
The boys' 1500 metres speed skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics will be held at Lake St. Moritz on 13 January 2020.
Casper TNG was introduced to writing and recording early on where he has stated he has grown up listening to all of his fathers songs, the music he listened to, and the music he was into including R&B, Trap, Hip Hop, soul.
In December 2015, Casper TNG was wrongly imprisoned for 15 days on robbery and firearm charges, these charges that were ultimately dropped and removed from his record when someone else pleaded guilty to the charges against him.
He took this opportunity to take music more seriously, to focus less on gang politics and more on how he could grow as a musical artist.
It is rumoured that the title of the EP came about as Drake decided not to cosign Casper TNG despite his domestic success.
The pair alongside two other Project Originals gang members were involved in a crime spree, which took place May 30, 2018.
Crown prosecutor alleged this shooting was retaliation for a shooting that happened less than 24 hours prior in the area of Vanauley Walk.
He was also being held on a separate September 28, 2017 firearm investigation where a loaded 44.Cal magnum revolver was found in the Kensington Market area.
The gang pleaded guilty in October, 2019 and Casper TNG and K Money received a 4 year remaining sentence after convincing the courts that this shooting was not gang related.
The film stars Saoirse Ronan, Emma Watson, Florence Pugh, Eliza Scanlen, Laura Dern, Timothée Chalamet, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, James Norton, Louis Garrel, Chris Cooper, and Meryl Streep.
The film received critical acclaim, and was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top 10 films of the year.. At the 92nd Academy Awards it received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Actress (Ronan), Best Supporting Actress (Pugh), and Best Adapted Screenplay.
As of January 2020 Moscow has the largest fleet of carsharing vehicles in the world which counts more than 30,000 cars ahead of such megacities as Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai.
In 2019 the growth of carsharing service in Moscow continued to boom and by the end of the year the total carsharing fleet in Moscow reached 30,000 vehicles almost doubling from the previous year.
At the same time, in 2018 analysts at the consulting company PwC predicted that carsharing fleet in Moscow will reach 30,000 only by 2025.
According to Vinchenzo Trani who runs Delimobil, the second largest carsharing operator in Russia, the potential of the carsharing market in Moscow is at the level of 100,000 vehicles.
He represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 60 kg event in 2008.
From 1988 to 1992 she held a teaching position for harpsichord and basso continuo at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig, where she was appointed professor for harpsichord and fortepiano in 1992.
Jamie-Lee Napier (born 6 April 2000) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a full-back or a winger for Chelsea of the FA Women's Super League.
It is near to Omni Super Speciality Hospital, Fruit market, GBR Hospital, Viajy Textiles, APSRTC Bus stop, Annie Beasant college, Saroor Nagar Arch and PVT Market.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
Queen Elizabeth Park Disc Golf Course, also known as Little Mountain Disc Golf Course, is an 18-hole disc golf course located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
It was awarded 51 620 000 Polish złoty for the second stage of the construction of the Clinical and Didactic Center of the Medical University of Lodz together with the Academic Oncology Center in 2019.
Charli D'Amelio (born May 1, 2004) is an American social media personality who rose to fame on the app TikTok for creating short dance videos.
Originally released by CCP Records, the album was reissued on CD in 2002, EMI in 2009 re-released the album in its digital form.
Among its accolades, it won Best Selling Release at the 8th South African Music Awards (SAMA), with Fassie becoming the first female artist to win in the category three times.
Rannvijay Singh will be the host while Prince Narula, Nikhil Chinapa, Neha Dhupia and Raftaar will return as the gang leaders of MTV Roadies Revolution.
MTV Roadies Revolution Auditions were held in Delhi on 5th January, Chandigarh on 7th January, Kolkata on 11th January 2020, and Pune on 15th January 2020.
As a leading youth channel, I can promise that we will try our level best to start a revolution, to start a little spark if nothing else.
Constructed in 1778, the ship took part in several conflicts in the Americas before being destroyed during the 1781 Siege of Yorktown.
She was built of English oak and elm fixed together with iron, and bore a figurehead of the Charon, the ferryman of Hades.
When the Spanish Empire joined France and the United States against Britain in the June of 1779, the Royal Navy began operations against Spanish colonial possessions in the Americas.
The still-unidentified wreck was examined by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) and Texas A&M in 1976, with INA returning to the site in 1980.
Radnor and Lee is American indie folk musical duo consisting of American actor, filmmaker, author and musician Josh Radnor and Ben Lee, Australian indie pop musician and actor.
Lee began his career as a musician at the age of 14 with the Sydney band Noise Addict, later releasing 11 solo studio albums and collaborating with artists such as Daniel Johnston, Zooey Deschanel, Sean Lennon and more.
In December of 2019, Radnor told Us Weekly that Radnor and Lee were would be putting out their next album in 2020.
The is an archaeological site containing the ruins of five noborigama kilns located in what is now part of the city of Tahara, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan.
The kilns were built in the late Heian period and were in use into the Kamakura period The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1971.
With the excavation of this large kiln site by the Tahara Town Board of Education in 1964, it became clear that a type of black pottery of unknown origin which had been discovered in many locations in the Tōkai region originated from these kilns.
This section of the list of rampage killers contains mass murders by single perpetrators that do not fit into the upper categories, arson fires, poisonings, bombings, deliberate airliner crashs and train derailments caused by sabotage.
Rose Tan (born 4 September) is the pen name of a Filipino writer who mostly creates romance and thriller Tagalog pocketbook novels.
She is a single mother to a son and she stated in an interview with the morning show Pambansang Almusal that she would not want her child to read her novels, as some scenarios may not be suitable for children.
Lindberg began his career as a dragoon, and was eventually promoted to Brigade Commander of the Karelia Brigade in 2011, Deputy Chief of Staff, Strategy in 2015 and Chief of Defence Command Finland in 2017.
The ruins were discovered during the construction of the Mizuho Athletic Stadium in 1939, and despite the designation as a national historic site in 1941, construction of the stadium proceeded over the site.
In 1980, when an old stand was demolished for reconstruction of the stadium, it was confirmed that the shell midden remained in good condition, and an excavation survey of about 2200 square meters found a complex ruins from the early Jōmon period with four shell middens.
The ruins are located in the estuary flood plain of the Yamazaki River, with sand and gravel layers containing rubble of a large size.
The Shimouchida Kaizuka found on the opposite bank of the Yamazaki River is also considered to be part of the same settlement, which was occupied through the Yayoi period into the Kofun period.
The site also had numerous tombs from the late Jōmon period, with many grave goods, including stone axes, earthenware and jewelry, as well as several almost complete human remains.
The human remains were buried in a fetal position, and are unique in that the bones of a dog were also found on the chest of each body, indicating that they were buried together.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Winners of the preliminary rounds joined the remaining teams in the main draw first round, while losing teams competed in the relegation play-offs, with the losing team relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1993.
The house was built in 1930 for Bertram James Grigsby, an electrical engineer and president of a radio manufacturing company, and his wife Elsie.
Architecture firm Rowe, Dillard and Rowe designed the estate's Tudor Revival manor house for the couple, a style which reflected the couple's time in England; Elsie was born there, while Bertram worked there for several years.
The estate also includes a guest house, a garage, a greenhouse, a farmhouse, a barn, a milkhouse, a firefighting shed, and a machinery shed.
The estate was typical of early development in the Barrington Hills area, which mainly consisted of estates and hobby farms that were often inspired by English country life.
The current facility, which was also intended to replace the old Belmont Hospital as well as the Bampton Street facility, was procured under a private finance initiative contract and opened in May 2004.
In spring 2016 forty inpatient beds at the hospital were allocated to the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital to resolve the lack of capacity at the latter hospital during the busy winter period.
It is the home course of the Nanaimo Disc Golf Club and Canadian professional disc golfers Geoffrey McNamara and Kristy Lee.
Bowen Park is named after brothers George and James Bowen, owners of the San Francisco-based Western Fuel Company, who donated the land to the City of Nanaimo in 1918 with a condition of it being used for park purpose only.
The course is available to the public at no charge, on a first-come, first-served, walk-on basis, and players can borrow disc golf discs at Bowen Park reception desk.
Bowen Park Disc Golf Course was a venue at the 2007 BC Seniors Games, where disc golf was a demonstration sport.
Imanbek (Kazakh Иманбек, full name Imanbek Zeikenov, born 21 October 2000) is a Kazakh producer and remixer of house music and popular in Kazakhstan as well as Russia, Ukraine through his label Imanbek Music.
While studying at the Railway Institute and started working in a railway station, but continued remixing since 2017 when he was 17 years old.
The remix was done without Saint Jhn's involvement as Zeinekov's attempts to contact him on Instagram failed and he did not receive a reply.
The remixed song appeared in a great number of charts throughout Europe including Belgium, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden and became number 3 on Shazam World.
Based on the success and popularity of the remix, the original song recorded in 2016 appeared on US Billboard chart, British Singles Chart and other charts like Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland in 2019.
A Notification LED is a small RGB or monochrome LED light usually present on the front-facing screen bezel (display side) of smartphones and feature phones whose purpose is to blink or pulse to notify the phone user of missed calls, incoming SMS messages, notifications from other messaging apps etc.
It is a part of the device's notification system that uses a cloud-powered push notification service to relay remote notification messages to the user or local notifications.
In any mobile phone or smartphone, battery life is an important consideration and the display is the component that consumes the maximum battery when it is fully lit up.
In regular usage, a user may only want to briefly turn on his phone to check if anything requires his or her attention.
This way, the whole display does not have to be turned on every time a message arrives, thus saving the battery.
When the user is away from the phone or when the phone is in silent mode, the blinking LED can effectively convey the user that some action is needed.
Conversely, if the light does not blink, then it conveys to the user that there is no unread message or notification that requires his or her attention, again saving battery and the user's time and effort required to unlock the device, and check for new messages.
In some phones, the LED notification light is also sometimes designed to glow red when the battery is low, when the battery is charging and turn green when the battery is fully charged.
While most phones include the notification LED light on the front side, some smartphone manufacturers like LG or Nokia have also integrated it into the power button , while some phones from Motorola, Xiaomi, Razer or ASUS have their brand logo on the back side of the phone, serving as the notification light.
In some Android smartphones, the notification LED light's behavior could be customized per app, so that, each color would indicate a different app.
These smartphones usually had LCD displays, so without the LED present, the entire backlight behind the display would need to be turned on to check for any new notifications.
There is also a focus by smartphone designers to minimize the screen bezels or keep them very thin, thus leaving no room for the notification LED light.
On OLED displays, the Always-On Display (AOD) shows limited information while the phone is asleep, that is, when the entire display is not lit up.
With OLED screens, only a part of the screen, or a few pixels on it can be turned on to convey information.
It can blink or pulse like a light continuously, or some phone manufacturers light up the display's pixels like a ring or have edge lighting.
Long-distance events were held separately: the 5000 metres took place at the Melbourne Track Classic on 1 March 2003 while the 10,000 metres was contested at 12 April 2003 in Runaway Bay, Queensland.
Rhythm of the Rio Grande is a 1940 American Western film directed by Albert Herman and written by Robert Emmett Tansey.
On 1 May 1750, his widow married William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper, whose first wife, Henrietta Nassau d'Auverquerque, had died in 1747, leaving him with two children.
There were no children from this second marriage, and William died in 1764, succeeded in the earldom by Georgiana's stepson, George.
Pilkington had been given his middle name in honour of the countess's father and named his daughter after the countess in recognition of her service to him.
From the first days of work, it includes in its repertoire works reflecting the struggle of the Turkmen people for a new, socialist society.
During the Eastern Front (World War II) (1941-1945), the theater staged the works of Berdy Kerbabayev, Aman Kekilov, Konstantin Simonov and others, dedicated to the heroic struggle of the Soviet people against the German invaders.
In the future, the team continues to create a national repertoire, puts on plays by authors from fraternal republics, works of Russian and world classics.
Important events in the life of the collective were the participation in the Decade of Turkmen Literature and Art (1955) and the tour (1959, 1965, 1974) in Moscow.
The theater was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1949), it was awarded the title of academic (1956), then the name of the classic of Turkmen literature Mollanepes (1963).
The Mollanepes Student Theater is located in the building of the former Mullanepes Academic Drama Theater, in which a complete reconstruction was carried out.
The Student Theater is an experimental theater, and the chief director of the Main Drama Theatre of Turkmenistan, Honored Artist of Turkmenistan Tachmammed Mammetveliyev, took charge of it.
For students of a creative university, practical work in the theater is a great help for further activities in creating new roles and directorial discoveries.
Linda Nyman (born 21 January 1994) is a Finnish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Inter Milan and the Finland national team.
Nyman made her debut for the Finland women's national team on 2 March 2018, in a 4–0 defeat by Switzerland at the 2018 Cyprus Cup.
Ahmad Ali bin Haji A. Karim (Jawi: احمد علي بن حاج عبدالكريم; born 2003) is a Malaysian writer who writes analysations of the local political landscape as well as regarding the laws of Malaysia, specifically the Federal Constitution.
Ali Karim was born in 2003 in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, and is the youngest son to the late Malaysian Muslim activist, .
He is a home-school student who learns with the help of his mother, and was said to have developed an interest in law since he was small.
Aside from the normal school syllabus, he also studies law with International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) professor, Prof. Madya Dr. Shamrahayu Abd.
Ali Karim is also said to have an interest in digital art and has multiple times won a digital art contest made by Microsoft Studios.
His writings gained attention from multiple people including the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, who wrote an official letter to him on January 11th, 2017, answering Ali Karim's article regarding the alliance of Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) that was said to have contradicted with the constitution.
On July 15th, 2019, Ali Karim was appointed as a columnist on the local newspaper, Utusan Malaysia, where he writes regarding the Malaysian constitution and the Malay Rulers.
On November 23rd, 2016, Ali Karim lodges a police report against the then Chief Minister of Penang, Malaysia, Lim Guan Eng, regarding his alleged seditious statement on the Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act 1965 Amendment Bill (more frequently known as Act 355 or Akta 355).
This received the response of many political figures, notably Guan Eng himself who says that the police report was frivolous and baseless.
The then Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, Dato' Dr. Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki, however, defended Ali Karim's actions, saying that Guan Eng should be ashamed that a 13 years old teen understands the constitution more than him.
Ali Karim was also featured on the front-cover of Utusan Malaysia when Pertubuhan Pribumi Perkasa (PERKASA) president, Dato' Paduka Dr. Ibrahim Ali visited his house in support of his move.
Blackman was born in London and raised in Leatherhead in Surrey by her parents, Hilda, a sculptor and author, and Richard Seligman, a chemical engineer.
After attending Wimbledon High School in London, Blackman spent two years, from 1924, at a Kunstgewerbeschule in Graz in Austra before returning to England to study at Goldsmith's College School of Art until 1930 and then at University of Reading from 1931 until 1935.
Blackman initially worked in bronze to produce small group pieces and figures but after World War II began using terracotta and stoneware before concentrating on creating ceramic figures.
She showed some 48 works with the SWA between 1939 and 1971 and was elected an associte member in 1952 and a full member in 1961.
She also exhibited on at least one occasion at the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and was a member of the Art Workers Guild.
Blackman was active in several bodies promoting arts and crafts including the International Academy of Ceramics, the Craft Advisory Committee and the Federation of British Craft Societies.
Living in Boar's Hill near Oxford, she married Geoffrey Blackman, the Sibthorpian professor of rural economy at Oxford University, and she was long associated with that University's St Cross College, where several examples of her sculpture and pottery are held and a room is named in her memory.
Slightly smaller than its close relative, and so sometimes known as the dwarf tapeti, analysis in 2017 confirmed that it is sufficiently distinct in both appearance and genetics to be considered a species in its own right.
Due to destruction of its putative habitat in the densely populated Paraíba Valley, it is unclear whether or not the species still survives in the present day.
He first met Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl in 1990, during a week long tour in the United Kingdom where Nirvana played with L7.
Montogomery was scheduled to work with Hole in Spring 1994 but that tour was cancelled after Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain committed suicide.
André Luiz de Almeida Mendonça (born 27 December 1972) is a Brazilian attorney and presbiterian pastor, current Attorney General of Brazil.
He is attorney of the Union since 2000 and was special assistant of the Comptroller General of the Union Wagner Rosário between 2016 and 2018.
He is also graduated in Theology at Sul American Theological College, in Londrina, acts as a pastor at Presbyterian Church of Brazil, in Brasília.
He began as a sectional-prosecutor of the Union in Londrina, Vice-Principal of the office's school, coordinator of Disciplinary Measures and General Auditor.
Mendonça was director of Department of Public Patrimony and Administrative Probity, nominated by then Attorney General Dias Toffoli, and coordinated the Permanent Group of AGU Pro-Active Acting, which, in 2010, helped to recover part of the R$ 169 million (US$ ), which would be used in the construction of the Labor Regional Court in São Paulo, embezzled from the public safes.
He also gained prominence at AGU for winning the special category in Innovare Award in 2011 - which honors efficient practices in the Judiciary, Public Prosecutor's Office, Public Defense and advocacy.
Then President-elect Jair Bolsonaro announced him in 21 November 2018 to command AGU, institution with more than 12,000 employees, succeeding Grace Mendonça, which showed approval to his choice, for being a member of the own institution, besides Mendonça's acted mostly at the Controllership General of the Union, where he was responsible to lead leniency agreements which envolved the collaboration of great companies envolved in illicit cases.
The Granada Bridge, on U.S. Route 385 at milepost 97.32 in or near Granada, Colorado, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
On July 10, 2019, it was announced that Phoebe Dynevor and Regé-Jean Page will play leads, while Jonathan Bailey, Golda Rosheuvel, Luke Newton, Claudia Jessie, Nicola Coughlan, Ruby Barker, Sabrina Bartlett, Ruth Gemmell, Adjoa Andoh and Polly Walker was cast in as regulars.
The Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics (MCFP) is a research institute at the University of Maryland, College Park focused on theoretical physics.
It is a subdivision of the Department of Physics as well as the College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences at the University of Maryland.
It is expected that both the judges (Marcelo Polino, Ángel de Brito, Florencia Peña and Pampita Ardohaín) and the members of the BAR (Anibal Pachano, Flavio Mendoza and Laura Fidalgo) return in this season.
James Henderson Burns, (10 November 1921 – 4 November 2012) was a Scottish historian of medieval and modern political thought who also studied utilitarianism and Jeremy Bentham.
He was educated at George Watson's College (1932–40) before attending Edinburgh University, where he was awarded a BA (1st class honours).
Due to poor eyesight, he was declared unfit for military service in the Second World War, and so worked as a sub-editor for the news department of the BBC.
Three of the first four volumes were co-edited by Burns and, together with H. L. A. Hart, Burns contributed to the major reassessment of Bentham's influence on jurisprudence and political philosophy.
Burns was appointed professor of the history of political thought at UCL in 1967 and he was also the head of the history department (1970–75).
Burns retired from UCL in 1986 and was appointed the John Hinkley Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University, the result of his friendship with J. G. A. Pocock.
Stegnogramma is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae of the family Thelypteridaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Mark Lawson (born November 22, 1980) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 30th district since 2016.
The facility, which was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt, opened as the Tiverton Union Workhouse in 1838.
After the hospital closed in 1990, the main building lay derelict for over 20 years before being converted into apartments by Devonshire Homes in 2013.
Living at high elevations in the treeless Páramo of the Andes, analysis in 2017 confirmed that it is sufficiently distinct in both appearance and genetics to be considered a species in its own right.
Although widespread, it remains poorly known, as few studies have been conducted on its biology and habits as distinct from those of the tapeti.
This is a list of the individual topics in Electronics, Mathematics, and Integrated Circuits that together make up the Computer Engineering field.
The contents match the full body of topics and detail information expected of a person identifying themselves as a Computer Engineering expert as laid out by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying.
This list can provide anyone interested in Computer Engineering with a complete list of topics which should be studied and understood to at least some degree in order to be reasonably proficient in the field.
One who had attained a solid working knowledge of all these topics and how they integrate to create the Computer Systems widely in use today, would also have attained the body of knowledge needed to pass the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) Computer Engineering Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination (PE) Exam.
The Spark ODYSSEY 21, also known as Odyssey 21 is an electric off-road competition car specially designed for use in the Extreme E series, a proposed class of auto racing that only uses electric vehicles to race off-road in extremely remote parts of the world using electric SUVs.
On 1st February 2019, it was announced by the series that the cars would use technology developed for the Formula E Championship, with the specifications parts being the base chassis, battery, suspension, ECU and software, as well as an FE powertrain motor, with the last being optional.
In the same announcement, it was said that the series would use a customer team approach, with all manufacturers free to sell their powertrains to a maximum of two customers at a capped price.
On April 23 2019, a clarification was issued, which details Spark Racing Technology's involvement, with Spark building the car’s tubular steel frame, crash structure and roll cage, in addition to the suspension and dampers, braking and steering system.
On July 5 2019, at the Goodwood Festival of Speed, Extreme E took the covers off the car, revealing its name as the ODYSSEY 21, with a niobium-reinforced steel alloy tubular frame, a crash structure and roll cage, while tyres for both winter and summer conditions would be supplied by founding partner Continental.
On the same day, following the public reveal, Spark Racing Technologies technical director Theophile Gouzin revealed that the car was to undergo visits to a number of World Rally Championship and Dakar Rally proving grounds, such as Château de Lastours, following September, in preparation for the 2021 debut.
During the weekend, the car also ran demonstration runs up the Goodwood hillclimb circuit, powered by the motor from the Spark-Renault SRT 01E.
Ken Block raced it on final stage 12 between Haradh and Al-Qiddiya as a guest by the invitation of the organizers A.S.O..
Argo was the lead ship of her class of two submarines ordered by the Portuguese government, but taken over and completed for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1930s.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
Love (German: Liebe, Italian: Uragano sul Po) is a 1956 West German-Italian drama film directed by Horst Hächler and starring Maria Schell, Raf Vallone and Eva Kotthaus.
They struggled with inexperience in their over-scoped early projects, as they moved through a dozen prototypes and eventually cancelled two projects in full production.
Morgan attended Blue Valley Northwest High School in Overland Park, Kansas, where he competed on the football, basketball, and track and field teams.
He teamed with Tulsa commit Darien Jackson to lead Blue Valley Northwest to the state semifinals, where they lost to Shawnee Mission North High School.
In September 2018, Morgan was named to the JBA's USA Select team as one of the top 13 players in the league.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Americas Zone Group III in 1993.
The 2020 Northern Ireland Agreement (also known as the Stormont deal or Stormont Agreement) is an agreement put forward by the governments of the United Kingdom and Ireland, aimed at restoring the Northern Ireland Executive, which had been suspended following the 2017 Renewable Heat Incentive scandal.
The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) gave their backing to the deal shortly afterwards, while Sinn Féin announced it would support the deal the following day.
The Northern Ireland Assembly consequently reconvened after a three year hiatus on 11 January; DUP leader Arlene Foster was appointed Northern Ireland's first minister, while Sinn Fein's Michelle O'Neill was appointed deputy first minister.
It seeks to reject a law passed by the Maine Legislature that eliminated most exemptions from state child vaccination requirements, including religious exemptions.
This vote will coincide with the Democratic and Republican primary elections to pledge delegates to party conventions that will choose nominees for President of the United States to run in the U.S. presidential election in November.
Maine Governor Janet Mills signed a law on May 24, 2019 to eliminate philosophical and religious exemptions to state vaccination requirements, citing outbreaks of whooping cough in three Maine counties and low vaccination rates as a need to protect public health and safety.
Opponents of the law gathered and turned in signatures to Maine Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap to force a referendum to reject the law, having over 79,000 valid signatures verified to send the issue to voters, well over the 63,067 required.
While signatures were being gathered, Dunlap's office told organizers of the veto effort that, if qualified for the ballot, the vote would coincide with state legislative and congressional primary elections in June 2020.
However, that guidance failed to take into account the recent change in the law to hold primary elections for presidential nominees, as opposed to a caucus, on Super Tuesday, March 3rd.
Organizers were opposed to this judgement, as without a contested Republican primary to draw Republican voters to the polls(as President Donald Trump is unopposed on the primary ballot in Maine), voters as a whole would skew Democratic.
Dunlap's office admitted to the error of giving incorrect information, but said that it has no discretion over when to schedule elections.
Soul Merchants were an American deathrock band formed in March 1985 in Denver, Colorado by vocalist Malcolm Black and guitarist Michael Moore.
The band incorporated genres such as Goth Rock (like their influences such as the Sisters of Mercy and Bauhaus), Psychedelia, Punk rock and Glam rock.
They were noted for their live shows for performing a different cover song (with one exception) in every live show they made.
The West Indies cricket team is scheduled to tour Sri Lanka in February and March 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) and two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Velella was one of a pair of submarines ordered by the Portuguese government, but taken over and completed for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1930s.
The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes.
The 2020 North Carolina FC season is the 14th season for North Carolina FC and its second in the USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States.
As a USL Championship club, North Carolina FC will enter the competition in the second round, to be played April 7–9.
Army Corps was created in Italy on September 28, 1944 by renaming the troops of the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral.
The task of the Corps was to secure the northeastern Adriatic coast against an Allied invasion and to fight against partisans.
In the area of the corps, the coast was fortified with artillery and a line of defense along the Ćićarija plateau between Trieste and Rijeka was formed.
At the beginning of April 1945, the strong Yugoslav 4th Partisan Army advanced swiftly along the Dalmatian coast, heading towards Rijeka and Trieste.
Formed by the merger of the Marrecas and São Francisco rivers, and flowing into the Ivaí River, it is only about 5km long.
Active between 1997 and 2000, mainly around the Świnoujście area, he brutally raped between six and fourteen young girls and women, in addition to killing a female customs officer and another woman.
Tomasz graduated from a vocational school with an unclear specialty, but did not have a permanent job - at some point, he is known to have worked as a cab driver.
Wearing a balaclava to hide his identity and carrying a knife, he would attack young women at different times of the day and locations, threatening them with the knife before sexually assaulting them.
In September 1997, the 40-year-old customs officer had attended a work party, leaving in the early morning in the direction of Świnoujście's center.
Some time later, her body was found by passer-by, hung from an oak tree in a forest near the Polish-German border.
Since her jewelry had been stolen, some investigators considered robbery a possible motive, while others suspected that it was because the nature of her job.
Jolanta had recently helped capture amphetamine smugglers from Poznań, and so, the police investigated several people related to the criminal underworld.
The concerned roommate phoned her boyfriend, who denied meeting her the previous day or being in contact with Aneta at all.
On March 9, Aneta P.'s half-dressed body was found in a post-war bunker near the dunes, where she was supposed to meet her boyfriend.
The autopsy concluded that she had died as a result from these injuries, with only a single drop of semen serving as the evidence to her killer's identity.
On June 17, donning his balaclava and a gun (it was never determined if it was a real or fake one, since police couldn't locate it), he attacked a 19-year-old girl on Świnoujście's dunes, forcing her into intercourse under the threat of the gun.
Less than a week after that, in the Świnoujście Spa Park, Włodarek assaulted two girls - he raped only one, as the other asked him to leave her because she was pregnant.
In order to catch their rapist, authorities set up a special 8-member investigation group, compromised of the Świnoujście Criminal Department and officers from the Criminal Investigations Department in Szczecin.
Due to the high number of possible suspects, police asked for help Dr. Ryszard Pawłowski, a geneticist from the Medical University of Gdańsk.
He used the same DNA tracing methods utilised for the capture of Leszek Pękalski and Krzysztof Gawlik, which revealed that the rapist had an AB blood type, common in only 40% of the Polish population.
From the very beginning, Tomasz Włodarek denied all charges against him, claiming that he had been framed by smuggling groups with whom he allegedly had had a dispute.
However, that was not the end of his court appearances - an assistant professor noticed that his pubic hair connected him to the murder of Jolanta R., as well as the 1997 rape of a 17-year-old girl committed shortly before the former crime.
CBS, Inc vs. FCC (453 US 367) is a 1981 United States Supreme Court decision finding that the Federal Communications Act of 1934 created a new, individual right to broadcast access for candidates for federal office.
Under this decision broadcast media were found to have a obligation to allow any legally qualified federal candidate running for public office to purchase network time under section 312(a)(7) of the 1976 amendment to the Communications Act.
Since the overuse of broadcast frequencies can cause signal interference broadcasting has been regulated since its infancy under the Radio Act of 1927.
The Communications Act of 1934 tried to balance the regulatory goal of using public airwaves to further the public interest against freedom of the press.
under the Campaign Communications Reform Act of 1971 the 1934 law was amended to allow for the revocation of broadcast licenses in cases candidates for federal office were denied reasonable access to the airwaves.
After the three major broadcasting networks denied the Carter-Mondale Presidential Committee (CMPC) the purchase of air time for campaign purposes the FCC determined that the networks had failed to meet the requirements imposed by section 312(a)(7) of the Communications Act.
The Supreme Court found that the right of access as provided for in section 312(a)(7) of the Communications Act did not violate broadcasters' first amendment rights.
The documentary show Deadliest Catch has amassed an extensive list of award wins and nominations since its debut on the Discovery Channel in 2005.
Other award ceremonies with nominations include the American Cinema Editors (ACE) Awards, Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Film & Television Awards, Critics' Choice Television Awards, and Producers Guild of America (PGA) Awards.
Majlis Alam (, ), was a minister (Dastur) of Sylhet/Jalalabad from 1472 to 1476, during the reign of Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah, the Sultan of Bengal of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty.
According to the Rajmala, his grandfather, Haji Amir Khan, was an army commander for Sultan Rukunuddin Barbak Shah and governed parts of Tripura.
Majlis Alam was a common rank and title given by the Sultanate to a number of people and so the minister's real name is unknown.
The Denver North Star is a monthly newspaper and website that has been published in the Northwest Denver, Colorado, area starting in October 2019.
The Devil by the Tail (French: Le diable par la queue) is a 1969 French-Italian comedy film directed by Philippe de Broca and starring Yves Montand, Madeleine Renaud and Maria Schell.
Started in 2008 by two IIT Kanpur alumni Jaya Jha & Abhaya Agarwal , it was one of the first platforms to offer a Do-It-Yourself print on demand platform in India.
Pothi.com (under the name Mudranik Technologies Pvt Ltd) was one of the two winners at the I2I 2008, the annual business plan competition of IIM-C.
Pothi.com is home to Indian editions of bestselling titles like Cracking the Coding Interview, Elements of Programming Interviews, Decode and Conquer, Python Tricks, Cracking the PM Interview among others.
Ellen Wordsworth Darwin (née Crofts; 13 January 1856 – 28 August 1903) was an academic, a fellow and lecturer in English Literature at Newnham College in Cambridge (1879-1883), a member of the private and scholarly Ladies Dining Society at Cambridge and the second wife of the botanist Sir Francis Darwin, son of Charles Darwin.
Bernard Darwin had been brought up by his grandparents Emma and Charles Darwin (and by Emma alone after the death of Charles in 1882).
Ellen was a member of the Ladies Dining Society - a private women's dining and discussion club based at Cambridge University that had been founded in 1890 by the author Louise Creighton and the women's activist Kathleen Lyttelton.
Its members, most of whom were married to Cambridge academics, were believers in women’s education and were active in the campaign to grant women Cambridge degrees.
It is located between St. Paris and Carysville along Ohio State Route 235 on the southern shore of Kiser Lake, at .
It runs along the southern edge of the Savannah River for , from the merging of North and East Lathrop Avenues in the west to East Bay Street in the east.
Its most well-known section runs from the Talmadge Memorial Bridge, then below City Hall and Yamacraw Bluff, to its eastern terminus.
It is West River Street up to where the Hyatt Regency spans it, at which point it becomes East River Street.
Its half-mile-long pedestrian promenade, the John P. Rousakis Riverfront Plaza, is named in honor of John Rousakis, Savannah's longest-serving mayor (1970–1992).
Factors Row, a bluffside row of red brick buildings where cotton brokers bargained during the product's heyday, helps preserve this industry in its name.
The River Street Streetcar, a heritage streetcar line, served six stops between Montgomery Street and East Broad Street from 2009 to 2015.
Old Savannah Tours has two stops on River Street: one close to Old Town's stop and the other at the marketplace further east.
Large tankers and container ships proceeding to and returning from the Port of Savannah west of the city sometimes pass within yards of the promenade.
The 2020 FC Tulsa season is the franchise's 6th season in the USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada.
As a USL Championship club, the FC Tulsa will enter the competition in the Second Round, to be played April 7–9.
Bodies at Rest is a 2019 action thriller film directed by Renny Harlin, starring Nick Cheung, Richie Jen, and Yang Zi.
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 43rd Hong Kong International Film Festival on March 18, 2019.
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 43rd Hong Kong International Film Festival on March 18, 2019.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 6.33/10.
Cephalothorax (prosoma) is yellowish or light beige, covered with fine white hairs and with a dark brown longitudinal median stripe and two lateral stripes.
In 1910, MWSA worked closely with Elizabeth King Ellicott and presented a bill for suffrage for all to the Maryland House of Delegates.
In 1911, there was a split in the group, with some leaving MWSA to form the State Equal Franchise League of Maryland.
MWSA continued to provide an amendment for women's suffrage in the Maryland Constitution in 1912, 1914 and 1916, with no success.
Viva la Diva was a concert by Serbian singer Jelena Karleuša performed at the Ušće park in Belgrade, Serbia on June 15, 2013.
It began at 10pm, to ninety minutes of delay due to technical issues, because of which Karleuša wasn't able to showcase production she had prepared, such as pyrotechnics and visuals, which were specially filmed for the evening.
Despite that, the concert enlisted more than 30 choreographies performed by Karleuša alongside 40 dancers, several costumes changes and specially designed scenography.
Afterwards, Kerluša admitted having issues at the concert, but claimed that there were in fact 40,000 people, offering drone footage as evidence.
Eventually, Karleuša settled lawsuits against several media outlets for defamations and organised media lynch, accusing them of purposely targeting her and labelling them as pro-government.
Theodore Carl Diers (December 4, 1880 – December 11, 1942) was an American politician, actor, and writer who served as a member of the Wyoming Senate as a Democrat.
Theodore Carl Diers was born in Seward, Nebraska to Herman Diers and Anna Schulte on December 4, 1880 and was educated in Seward public schools.
In 1902 he went to New York to become an actor and attended the Chicago Musical College and while in Chicago he studied vocals under Oscar Saenger and piano under Rudolph Ganz.
In 1909 he moved to Clearmont, Wyoming and became a cashier at the Clearmont State Bank until 1910 when he became a cashier at the Citizens' State Bank of Sheridan.
Diers then served in the Wyoming Senate from 1915 to 1919 to succeed John B. Kendrick, who was elected as governor, and was a member of the Mines and Mineral Products, Sanitary and Medical Affairs, Railroads and Transpiration, and Judiciary committees.
In 1920 he served as the chairman of the Wyoming Democratic Party's state convention and was a member of the resolutions committee at the 1920 Democratic National Convention.
In 1925 he became the radio director for the University of Nebraska and in 1932 became the supervisor of the university's music division and served in both positions until November 30, 1940 when he resigned to become the Nebraska Federal Music Project music supervisor.
Emergency Management Ontario is the Office of Emergency Management for the province of Ontario responsible for planning for and responding to and recovering from all man-made or natural disasters within the province.
EMO works with City of Toronto Emergency Management Office (OEM), other similar provincial agencies across Canada as well as Public Safety Canada.
The 2019–20 Supercopa de España Final decided the winner of the 2019–20 Supercopa de España, the 36th edition of the annual Spanish football super cup competition.
Real Madrid won the match 4–1 on penalties, following a 0–0 draw after extra time, to win their 11th Supercopa de España title.
The Spring Valley race riot of 1895 was a violent racial conflict provoked by Eastern and Southern European immigrants against African American coal workers in the mining town of Spring Valley, Illinois.
This conflict was in response to the robbery and shooting of the Italian miner Barney Rollo, who reported he had been attacked by five black men.
As the investigation into the shooting was taking place and several black miners were taken into custody for questioning, a mob began to form.
When the mine manager refused, out of frustration, the white miners' response was one of riot and violence against not only the black miners, but their families as well, forcing them to flee to the nearby town of Princeton.
Census data reflects that 5,436 free African Americans lived in Illinois in 1850, mostly in counties near the Southern border like Madison, St. Clair, and Sangamon.
This dislike culminated in 1853 when the Illinois Black Code, a bill that barred black people from migrating to or living in Illinois for over ten days, was promoted by Illinois Congress Democrat John A. Logan and became law.
Despite the law, the population of free African Americans grew by nearly 71% in a decade, and by 1860, there were 7,628 freedmen in Illinois.
As black workers were typically brought into mining communities as strikebreakers, white and immigrant workers could not reclaim their jobs easily, resulting in labor unrest and sometimes violent, fatal outbursts.
Similarly, in April of 1877, the coal town of Braidwood, Illinois became the site of conflict along racial lines, along with Rapids City in January of 1880 and Vermillion County in July of 1886.
These conflicts largely coincided with the end of Reconstruction and the beginnings of the period of Nadir of American race relations which were largely defined by violence against African Americans.
At the same time, black residents of Bureau County, who composed less than one percent of the total population in the county, began to move to Spring Valley, further supporting this ethnic division between Spring Valley and Princeton.
By 1900, 26 different ethnic groups were represented working in Spring Valley's coal mines, including but not limited to Italian, French, Russian, Belgian, German, Lithuanian, and Polish.
They knew their place in the world at the time, and did little that would suggest they were trying to break out of that place.
The owners of the mines in Spring Valley attempted to prevent unionization for mine workers, and this resulted in tension between the owners and union agitators.
The conflict between the two groups gave rise to a lockout on April 29, 1889, as the owners instructed the workers to stop working.
The UMW instead added barriers to prevent Italian immigrants from joining the union, since union rules stated that officeholders had to speak English, and many Italian immigrants had recently emigrated and spoke very little English.
The favoritism within the union began to play into the mounting conflict between African Americans and Italian workers in Spring Valley.
Tensions continued to rise over the next few hours, with the mob marching to the home of S. M. Dalzell, the local mine manager, and demanding that the African American mine workers be fired in response to the reported attack.
County Sheriff Atherton Clark met with Mayor Delmagro and manager of the Spring Valley Coal Mine Dalzell to inquire about why the mayor cancelled his call for police aid.
The response from Spring Valley's—and Illinois's—African American community was swift, as Chicago community leaders sent a letter to Governor Altgeld, expressing outrage at the lack of safety provided by city and state officials.
However, the governor did not respond until the next morning, where he said that he would not provide troops to aid Spring Valley residents in the aftermath of the riot.
It was resolved that African Americans were to continue seeking refuge in Seatonville, and that a select group would travel to Princeton to grab weapons and supplies for protection.
City officials in Princeton were sympathetic to Spring Valley's African Americans however, in contrast Spring Valley officials tended to support the immigrant rioters.
Although many local leaders leaders in Princeton originally fought this proposition, Delmagro was eventually successful in moving the trial to Spring Valley.
During this era, there were several ethnically based papers in operation and Merithew highlights their contributions during the strike in 1894 and then again during the Spring Valley riot of 1895.
In the days following the riot, Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld's secretary William F. Dose claimed that the governor had sent Assistant Adjutant General Hugh E. Bayle and George Schilling as his representatives to assess the scene of the riots in Spring Valley.
Armfield argues that Governor Altgeld used his efforts to preserve the interests of the immigrant population in Spring Valley in the events of the riot.
In response to the public outcry against the rioters, approximately twenty-five miners were arrested and charged with rioting and violent criminal activities.
When the trial against the rioters concluded in November, eight men were found guilty of rioting and committing violent criminal activities.
Seven of these men were sent to jail, and one did not serve any time behind bars because he was under 21 years old and could not be arrested under Illinois law.
After the riots ended, the Quinn Chapel committee encouraged the riot victims to file civil suits against Spring Valley in order for them to obtain compensation.
The committee also provided victims with food and urged African Americans to join public organizations so they could properly respond to any riot in the future.
Shortly after the riot, a meeting of about six hundred mine workers, presumed to be part of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), met to take an official position on the events of the riot.
Several miners drafted a statement that they did not condone the actions of the miners involved in the riot, but many disagreed with this stance and exited the meeting, because they feared that African American miners would be allowed back in to Spring Valley.
A vote was held on whether or not to accept the statement that condemned the actions of the rioters as the official stance of the miners, which passed in favor of accepting the statement.
Spring Valley Coal Mine Manager Dalzell and Union leaders James O' Connor and John Mitchell came to an agreement that Dalzell would re-hire workers who were fired amidst the 1894 Coal Mine Strike, and that the UMWA would allow African American workers to return to the mines after the riot.
By 1900, according to that year's census, the county's white population had risen from 34,742 residents to 40,813, whereas the black population rose from 271 residents to only 299.
The facility, which was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt, opened as the Bideford Union Workhouse in 1838.
It became the Whitehouse Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and joined the National Health Service in 1948 before evolving into a geriatric facility.
Piotr Antoni Świtalski (born 2 August 1957, in Kutno) is a Polish diplomat; permanent representative of Poland to the Council of Europe (2005–2010) and ambassador of the European Union to Armenia (2015–2019).
Świtalski has graduated from Faculty of Journalism and Political Science at the University of Warsaw and Moscow State Institute of International Relations (1982).
From 1990 to 1993 he was First Secretary and Councillor at the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Poland to the United Nations Office and the International Organizations in Vienna.
Following his directoral post at the MFA Department of Foreign Policy Planning (2002–2005), on 11 January 2005 he was nominated Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Triple M started producing music in 2014 and released numerous freestyles and mixtapes gaining recognition in 2015 in the Toronto rap scene.
Government employee linked to the legislative advice in Chamber of Deputies, Gomes attended high school at Agulhas Negras Military Academy and is graduated in Engineering at Military Institute of Engineering, where he scored the highest average grade in the institution.
Tarcísio was also engineer for the Brazilian Army, chief of the technical section of the Engineering Company of Brazil at United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) and coordination-general of audit in the transports area at Controllership General of the Union (CGU).
In 2015, he acted as secretary of the Coordination of Projects of the Special Secretariat of the Program of Partnerships of Investments (PPI), responsible for the program of privatizations and compromises.
Faith, Hope & Love is a 2019 American romantic comedy film directed by J.J. Englert and Robert Krantz and starring Peta Murgatroyd, Krantz, Michael Richards, Corbin Bernsen, Natasha Bure and Ed Asner.
Tyree Cooper originally left high school in 1983 with a basketball scholarship, however decided to enter into producing house music having also DJ'd.
He made realist paintings showing the people and places of his family home, his neighborhood, and the city in which he lived.
Eight years later he and his four siblings were effectively orphaned when their mother died and their father abandoned the family.
While still in school he began to make small paintings while doing part-time evening work in a nearby automotive service station where his grandfather was a night watchman.
Having seen some of these paintings, the chauffeur of one of the station's clients borrowed a few and showed them to his sister.
She showed them to an acquaintance, James V. Herring, then head of the art department at Howard University, and he arranged for Robinson to study under a Howard art teacher, James A. Porter, in return for light cleaning chores.
He made his first mural when he was 17, a depiction of Christ at Gethsemane, in a church in Anacostia, where his grandparents had moved in 1929.
During the 1930s he obtained full time employment first in the Civilian Conservation Corps and then as a laborer at the Washington Navy Yard.
In 1935 he found work at St. Elizabeths Hospital, which, like the Navy Yard, lay not far from his home in Anacostia.
In each of these occupations, he painted when not working and, particularly at St. Elizabeths, was able to sell portraits to some of his fellow workers.
Shown at left is a painting Robinson made in 1946 showing the crowd at the fair, held that year in President's Park (now called Lafayette Square).
Robinson did not court publicity and his financial success was limited by his reluctance to participate in the local art scene through the social functions that brought artists together with collectors and other prospective buyers.
When his paintings began to command high prices he would still sell them for less, saying that a lot of people who admired his work simply could not afford the going rate.
Partly for this reason, his paintings began to sell for much greater sums after his death than they had during his life.
In a 2004 auction one painting brought $9,500 and another sold for $10,000 after a bidding war that set collectors against dealers.
Robinson was a realist who painted the people and places of his family home, his neighborhood, and the city in which he lived.
Critics praised his technique but suggested that he tried to put too much detail into some of his work and in other cases he verged perilously close to sentimentality.
A 1940 painting, Woman Reading a Bible (Maude Jones), shown at left, is considered to be one of Robinson's best portraits.
In 1994 Robinson said he invited her to his house but after she had sat for him several Sundays, she disappeared and he never saw her again.
Robinson was born on February 18, 1912 in a low-income neighborhood of Georgetown, which, due to the presence of Georgetown University, Holy Trinity church, and the Convent of the Visitation, was known as Holy Hill.
His mother having died when he was eight years old and his father having permanently departed, he was taken in and raised by his maternal grandparents, Ignatius Barton and his wife, Anna.
Ignatius (born about 1870) had joined U.S. Army in 1899 and became a Buffalo Soldier in both the 9th and 10th cavalry regiments during the Spanish–American War and subsequent Philippine–American War.
He left active service prior to the outbreak of World War I and subsequently was employed as a night watchman in the an automobile service and storage organization called the Key Bridge Garage located near Georgetown at 1213 Bank Street Northwest, Washington, D.C. Robinson described him as a kind man with a gruff exterior.
Robinson had four siblings, including a sister, Margaret (born about 1915), two brothers, Elgin (born about 1914) and Henery (born about 1917).
In 1924, while still in school, Robinson helped to support his family by sweeping the floor and dusting cars in the evening at the garage where his grandfather worked.
After leaving school he continued evening work at the garage and, during the day, did odd jobs in the city and also caddied at two suburban golf courses: (Congressional and Burning Tree).
In 1929 he stayed with his grandparents when they moved from Holy Hill to a new home they had build on a lot they owned in the Garfield Heights section of Anacostia.
Their children were John N. Jr. (born about 1935), twins: Robert and Roberta (born about 1937), Ronald (born about 1939 and called Pete), and Douglas, Blanche, Betty Anne (all born in 1940 or later).
In 1935, after a brief stint as a laborer at the Navy Yard, Robinson took a job at St. Elizabeths Hospital.
During the late 1930s and early 1940s he took a part-time job making backgrounds for two shops in the Capitol Photo Studios chain.
Long-distance events took place separately: the 10,000 metres event took place at the Zatopek 10K on 4 December 2000 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne and the 5000 metres events were held at the Hobart Grand Prix on 11 March 2001 in Hobart.
After she left school, she worked in Lagán, in Gleann Mornáin, County Tyrone and later on the banks of Lough Swilly for three years all together.
This recognition gave her some confidence as a traditional singer and seanchaí as up to this point her only audience was her husband.
Padraig Ua Cnáimhsí, the prinicipal of the school in Aran Mór, visited her in 1951 when he transcribed 70 of her songs.
He told the Irish Folklore Commission and Radio Éireann about Mhic Ghrianna, who sent Seán Ó hEochaidh and Proinsias Ó Conluain respectively.
He has won numerous awards to recognise him as one of the world's best players including the Silver and Golden Balls at FIFA World Cups; he is sometimes referred to as the best defender in world beach soccer and is particularly known for his towering presence and ability at long-range free kicks.
Ozu was born as Osmar in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and began playing beach soccer aged six on the beaches of Copacabana, growing up playing with future members of the Brazilian national team including Rafinha, Bokinha and Mauricinho.
Aged 10, Ozu's beach soccer school accepted an invite to play an exhibition match before a Brazil match at Copacabana arena which was watched by 5,000 people.
As a child, Ozu played association football including joining Vasco da Gama aged 14 and was scouted on numerous occasions but living minutes from the beach and watching beach soccer regularly on TV was the inspiration for Ozu to decide to pursue becoming a beach soccer professional, aged 16.
Despite having no experience with Japanese culture, he immediately adapted to the way of life and, thanks to his experience of the cordiality of the Japanese people, fell in love with the country.
Ozu subsequently learnt to be fluent in the Japanese language and after five mandatory years of living in Japan, he acquired citizenship on 12 December 2012 and dropped the name of Osmar for Ozu; he was immediately called up to the Japanese national team.
At his first international tournament, the 2013 AFC Beach Soccer Championship, he was crowned best player and later in the year led his new country as captain to the quarter-finals of the 2013 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, his first World Cup, in which he won the Silver Ball (second best player) award.
The inaugural Beach Soccer Stars awards in 2014 saw Ozu named as part of the best team of the year, an accomplishment he has achieved again every since bar one as of 2019, cementing his position as one of the world's best players.
2016 saw Ozu branch further into playing for European clubs; he became the second Japanese to play in the Italian National League, for Viareggio, winning Europe's top club prize, the Euro Winners Cup, with the Tuscan side that season.
He has since had spells at FC City and Lokomotiv Moscow of Russia, Sporting CP of Portugal and Falfala Kfar Qassem of Israel.
In 2017, Ozu joined the first J-League club to establish a beach soccer branch, Tokyo Verdy, who he would go on to win multiple JFA League titles with.
He also became an ambassador of the JFA's 'Teacher of Dreams' project, touring schools across Japan, explaining to children how he has overcome problems in his life to achieve the successes in his field.
2019 continued to mark major international landmarks for Ozu as he reached a century of goals scored in a 7–2 win over Uruguay at the World Beach Games and also earned his 100th cap at the Intercontinental Cup a month later.
Despite crucially missing his attempt in the penalty shootout against Portugal in the semi-final, Ozu ultimately inspired Japan to a positive 2019 World Cup performance of fourth place, their joint best ever finish at the World Cup matching 2005, and he also won the prestigious Golden Ball (best player) award at the tournament.
In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Prior to serving in the Kansas Legislature, she served as an Ellis County Commissioner, the first woman elected to the county commission.
From 2005 to 2012 she served as a city commissioner in Hays, Kansas and served as Mayor of Hays from April 2008 to April 2009 and October 2010 to April 2012.
The front part was used as a commercial space and other purposes on the first floor, lodge space for the Odd Fellows local group on the second floor; the rear was available as a community room where dances were sometimes held.
In 2004 the building was purchased by the Mountain Valley Bank, which was renovating it for use as a bank branch.
The reserve includes a wide variety of habitats which include, pasture and wooded hedgerows, freshwater marsh, reedbeds, and tidal mud banks.
Also present are water voles, sika deer, otter, and a range of insects in the summer months including 17 different species of dragonfly.
In 2019 the Centre received a grant of £10,000 from the National Lottery Heritage Fund to improve the visitor centre and attract a larger and more diverse group of visitors.
In 2019 the Trust appealed to the public for donations following the September 2019 arson attack, stating it would require almost £20,000 to rebuild the Kingfisher Hide which had been destroyed by vandals.
The Centre is a 10 minute drive (3.9 miles from the Cardigan end of the Pembrokeshire Coastal Path (which ends on St Dogmaels Road), or a 20 minute walk via the marshes path.
The Associate Minister of Minister of Finance (French: Ministre associé des Finances) is a member of the Canadian cabinet who is responsible for various files within the finance department as assigned by the Finance Minister.
In the United Kingdom, the medical associate professions are four novel professional groups of healthcare workers in the National Health Service who are not qualified in medicine, but who have specific education, training and team frameworks allowing them to deliver some aspects of healthcare that were traditionally restricted to medical doctors..
The third Sirisena cabinet was a short lived central government of Sri Lanka led by President Maithripala Sirisena during the 2018 constitutional crisis.
The Minister of Diversity and Inclusion and Youth (French: Ministre de la Diversité et de l’Inclusion et de la Jeunesse) is a member of the Canadian cabinet who is responsible for multiculturalism from the former Minister of Multiculturalism and Citizenship, which was last held in 2015 and re-created in 2019 with additional responsibilities for youth issues.
In November 2019, she became the first woman hired to be a full-time hitting coach for a Major League Baseball team.
Balkovec began her career in 2012 as a temporary contract strength and conditioning coach for the Saint Louis Cardinals' Johnson City, Tennessee, minor-league affiliate .
In 2014, she assumed a full-time role as the Johnson City affiliate's strength and conditioning coordinator, the first time a woman had held that role in baseball.
After moving to the Netherlands to pursue a second master's degree, Balkovec worked for the Dutch baseball and softball programs as an assistant hitting coach.
After graduating, she returned to the United States to work at a fellowship at Driveline Baseball, researching hitters' eye tracking and pitchers' hip movement.
In November 2019, Balkovec was announced as the New York Yankees' newest hitting coach, to start in spring training 2020, again the first woman to hold such a position full-time.
She also interviewed for a position as a quality control coach with the San Francisco Giants in fall 2019, but decided to take the Yankees' role.
Rather than emphasize she had been a Division I college softball catcher, she only said she had been a Division I college catcher.
She initially attended Creighton University, where she was a catcher on the softball team, but transferred to the University of New Mexico, where she also played catcher.
The 55th edition of the Men's World Allround Speed Skating Championships was held on 11 and 12 March 1994 at the Ruddalens Idrottsplats in Göteborg, Sweden.
After two years he joined the youth ranks of Timișoara Saracens, followed by his professional debut in 2017 for the same club.
Following the death of vocalist Chorão in March 2013, the compilation had a significative posthumous boost on sales; according to the iTunes Store, it was the second most purchased album of the year.
Donalda Meiželytė (born 7 August 1975) is a Lithuanian politician who served in the Tenth Seimas of Lithuania from 2008 to 2012 for the Christian Party (Lithuania).
The primary objective of the PHL-16 is to engage remote tactical and strategic targets, such as airfields, vehicles and ships, logistic facilities, command centers, concentrations of troops and so on.
AR-1 incorporates simple cascade inertial terminal guidance used on the WS series MRL with rockets from PHL-03 to create first guided rocket in China.
PHL-16 uses BRE6 370 mm Fire Dragon guided rockets with maximum range of 220 km, CEP of less than 50 m.
The system is compatible with older BRE3 300 mm rockets because the modular design by incorporating two launching boxes containing several launching tubes, with the launching boxes replaced after the launching of rockets.
When using 300 mm caliber rockets, each launching box contains five launching tubes, and when using 370 mm caliber rockets, each launching box contains four launching tubes.
The system can also launch two 750 mm BRE8 Fire Dragon 480 ballistic missiles with a 480 kg warhead with a range of 290 km.
Benjamin Harrison Adams (November 5, 1888 – May 27, 1989), was a medical officer in the United States Navy that served during World War I and World War II, and reached the rank of Rear Admiral.
In 1913 he transferred to Cornell College, in Mount Vernon, Iowa, and again in 1914 to the University of Iowa in Iowa City.
In September 1919 LTJG Adams transferred to the Naval Reserve on inactive duty and returned to Sioux City, Iowa to practice medicine.
After two years at Great Lakes, Adams was assigned to the USS Idaho (BB-42) as a Junior Medical Officer and spent 11 months at sea.
In September 1932, Adams reported to his next assignment as a Medical Examiner at the Submarine Base in New London, Connecticut.
In September 1936, Adams returned to shore duty and conducted chemical warfare research at the Medical Research Unit, Edgewood Arsenal in Edgewood, Maryland.
In July 1940, CDR Adams joined the Submarine Squadron FIVE, part of the Asiatic Fleet as a Staff Medical Officer and served aboard the flagship USS Canopus (AS-9).
With the withdraw of US Forces from Manila to Bataan, CDR Adams became the Senior Naval Medical Officer in the Bataan-Corregidor area.
CDR Adams was ordered to Java, traveling there aboard the USS Seadragon (SS-194) and then to Southwest Australia aboard the USS Holland (AS-3).
Finishing his assignment in February 1944, he received his second Letter of Commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for his service there.
A few months later, CAPT Adams became a Senior Medical Member of the Physical Evaluation Board of the Potomac River Naval Command in Washington DC.
He was Vicar of Dungarvan; Chancellor of Lismore Cathedral, Ireland from 1665 to 1699; Precentor of Waterford from 1682 to 1699; and Dean of Waterford from 1691 to 1699.
The 2019–20 Equatoguinean Primera División is the 42nd season of the Equatoguinean Primera División, the top-tier football league in Equatorial Guinea, since its establishment in 1979.
The season was originally to start on 15 December 2019, but was later postponed to 4 January 2020, and eventually started on 11 January 2020.
Plans for the church's restoration were drawn up in circa 1876, but the lack of funding stopped the scheme from being carried out.
Later in 1889, Mrs. Sarah Woodcock of West Chinnock gifted £800 towards the rebuilding of the church, which prompted a meeting to be called in May 1889 to discuss the scheme.
The Earl of Ilchester, the principal landowner and patron of the living, donated £300, while the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev.
The final services in the old church were held on 28 July 1889 and the following day saw work begin on the removal of seating in preparation for demolition.
It is made up of a nave, north and south aisles, chancel and west two-stage tower, with a vestry in the latter, underneath the belfry.
The tower, approximately sixty feet in height, is surmounted by a weathervane and contains four bells; three of which were taken from the old church, with two being recast during the restoration of 1889–90.
Major Hayward presented the oak altar table and reredos, the latter being made of Ancaster stone, with marble columns, caps and bases.
The pulpit of Doulting stone was gifted by Misses E. and M. Hayward of London in memory of Thomas Carlyle Hayward.
To enlarge the churchyard, two cottages were demolished on the east side and one on the west side, the latter being gifted by the Earl of Ilchester.
Carole Delga (born 19 August 1971 in Toulouse) is a French politician of the Socialist Party, who has served as the President of Occitanie since 2016.
Ailem Carvajal began to study music in the Leonardo Luberta Conservatory at Isla de la Juventud and at a later time she continued at Alejandro García Caturla Conservatory in Havana.
In 1987 she went to the School of Music at the National Art Schools (Cuba), where she studied piano with professor Andrés Alén and obtained a degree in Musical Pedagogy in 1966.
At a later time, carvajal studied Musical Composition at the Instituto Superior de Arte in Havana with professors Carlos Fariñas and Harold Gramatges, and finally she received a diploma of Musical Composition at the Arrigo Boito Conservatory in Parma, Italy, with professor Luigi Abbate.
While she was stuying, Carvajal attended numerous Musical Composition and Music Informatic seminars, offered by professors such as Julio Estrada, Thomas Kessler, Luigi Abbate, Edgar Landia, Stefano Scodanibbio, Cristóbal Halffter, Tomás Marco, Mauricio Sotelo, Alvise Vidolin and Giovanni Cospito.
The compositions of Carvajal have been published by Arte Tripharia, Periferia Music (Spain) and Pizzicato Verlag Helvetia (Switzerland); and performed in festivals and radio programs in the United States, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Venezuela, México and Argentina, among other countries.
Carvajal is an active member of the National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (UNEAC) and founding member of the Sciety for the development of contemporary music (SODAMC).
her pieces have been recorded by Periferia Music (Barcelona); Pizzicato Verlag Helvetia (Suiza); Sello Autor y Musica y Educacion Magazine (Madrid), Rey Rodriguez Productions (Hamburg), RYCY Productions (Los Angeles), Tutto Musik (Berlín), Parma Infanzia y City Hall of Parma (Italia).
Ailem Carvajal has worked as professor of harmony, polyphony and orchestration at the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory and the Instituto Superior de Arte (Havana).
Carvajal is the founder and director of the organization Musicalia Children, established in 1999 and dedicated to the musical education of children and youth, as well as to the promotion of the hispanic children music in presentations and concerts.
Ailem Carvajal has received awards in composition contests sponsored bu institutions such as the School of Music of the National Art Schools (Cuba), the Instituto Superior de Arte (Havana), and the National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (UNEAC) (1993).
The competition was also a preparation event for the athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics, which were held at the same venue.
In 1986 Taylor and Crown Law, a registered Australian stock horse, competed at Cedar Valley, Canada in the World Dressage Championships.
Taylor was only the second Australian to represent her country in dressage when she competed at the Seoul 1988 Olympics in the individual event.
The song was composed in time and is performed in the key of F major in common time with a tempo of 105 beats per minute.
Dragoș Ser played during his career for CSM București from where he tranfsered to Steaua in 2019 following the dissolution of his former club.
The Habr Je’lo were one of the first clans in the Somaliland Protectrate to revolt against the Colonial government between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Among their prominent anti-colonial ideologues during the Dervish period were Deria Arale, Deria Gure, Abdala Shihiri, Ibrahim Boghol and Haji Sudi, the latter is credited for importing Dervish customs into the Somali peninsula as well as being one of the original founders of the Somali Dervish Movement.
Moreover, the Habr Je'lo played an influential role after the demise of the Dervish Movement in 1920, with Sheikh Bashir Yussuf and Farah Omar being important anti-colonial notables.
The Dervish movement first arose in Burao in 1899, where in the summer of that year Dervish leaders and their clan followers congregated at the settlement.
This is to inform you that you have done whatever you have desired, and oppressed our well-known religion without any cause.
Further, to inform you that Mahomed, your Akil, came to ask from us the arms we therefore, send you this letter.
Accoridng to the British War Office, the Ahmed Farah, Rer Yusuf and Adan Madoba Habr Je'lo sub-clans were among the first to join the Dervish rebellion.
Haji Sudi, along with Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Sultan Nur led the first Dervish forces against the British at Samala, Ferdidin, Erigo and Gumburu.
In the unlikely event of the Mullah offering to surrender, in his case and that of the Following: Haji Sudi, Deria Arale, Deria Gure Only an unconditional surrender should be accepted no guarantee of any kind to future treatment been given.
Although facing the British in multiple battles between 1901 and 1904, the colonial forces failed to in their efforts to apprehend Sudi, Arale, Gure and their fellow Dervishes.
Neither the Mahdi nor his chief adviser Ahmed Warsama, better known under the name Haji Sudi, nor the Sultan Nur, leader of the Habr Younis clan were killed or captured.
Abdalah Shihiri and Deria Arale led the 1904 Dervish delegation that facilitated the Ilig or Pestollaza agreement between the Dervish and Italy.
Haji Sudi, the highest ranking Dervish after Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Ibrahim Boghol, commander of the northern Dervish army died valiantly defending the Taleh.
She is the first member of the Democratic Progressive Party to sit in the Legislative Yuan as a representative of the Highland Aborigine Constituency, to which she was elected in 2020.
She earned degrees from the National Pingtung University of Education, and, during a 27-year career in education, served as a principal within two primary schools in Pingtung County.
In Pan's administration, Wu was the director-general of the Indigenous Peoples Department and later the director of the Bureau of Cultural Affairs.
In this capacity, Wu was one of the signatories of an open letter addressed to Xi Jinping on behalf of Taiwanese indigenous people in January 2019, shortly after he had commented on Chinese unification and the political status of Taiwan.
In August 2019, Wu was nominated by the Democratic Progressive Party to run for legislative office in the multimember Highland Aborigine Constituency.
Developed by The Hahn Company, it originally featured Montgomery Ward, The Denver Dry Goods Company, Joslins, and J. C. Penney as its anchor stores.
As that chain did not use the entirety of the building, the back portion remained vacant until 2014, when Planet Fitness occupied the remaining space.
Sports Authority went out of business in 2017 and was replaced in 2019 by a trampoline park called Altitude Trampoline Park.
Yale recovered from a dismal season the year before but suffered from a lack of consistency, losing after nearly every win.
By the time the video album was released, drummer André Pinguim was no longer a member of the band; he had left Charlie Brown Jr. in April 2008 as his contract expired and both parties decided not to renew it.
As a consequence of his contractual obligations, he did not receive credit in the liner notes; instead, his subsequent replacement Bruno Graveto was credited, despite not taking part in the recording.
Blue Prize's first race and only start as a two-year-old was on May 30, 2016, at Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo, where she came in first.
She was sold to Merriebelle Stable in 2017 and was relocated to the United States where she made her first start on June 11 with a second place finish at Churchill Downs.
She finally captured her first American graded win by winning the Grade-2 Falls City Handicap on November 23 to close out his 2017 season.
Blue Prize started her 2019 season with a third place finish in the La Troienne Stakes at Churchill Downs on May 3.
On November 2, she finished out the 2019 season with a win at the Grade-1 Breeders' Cup Distaff, beating Midnight Bisou.
Amy Allen is an American songwriter, record producer, and singer from Windham, Maine known for collaborating with artists such as Harry Styles, Halsey, Shawn Mendes, and Camila Cabello.
While in elementary school, Allen played bass in her sister's band Jerks of Grass, and as a teenager she played folk and bluegrass music at bars and pubs.
In 2015, Allen was featured in Teen Vogue, after releasing two solo EPs and appearing in season 2 of The Voice.
Allen began her career by working on a number of solo projects and formed Amy & The Engine, a four-piece indie pop rock group, before relocating to New York for a year.
Allen relocated to Los Angeles in November 2017, where she began collaborating with Scott Harris and eventually signed to APG Music.
In 2018, Allen produced Back to You with Selena Gomez, and Without Me with Halsey which reached #1 on Billboard's Hot 100.
In 2019, Allen signed to Warner Records, and it was expected that her debut solo album would be released the following year.
That same year, Allen collaborated with Harry Styles on his single Adore You, and collaborated with Halsey once more on the single Graveyard.
In 1931 Aspinall became lecturer of history at Reading University and in 1947 he succeeded Frank Stenton to become professor of modern history.
Aspinall was an exact scholar, with an unrivalled knowledge of the primary source materials for his period, the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries of British political history.
He developed his academic life to the publication of impeccable edited texts of the major correspondence of the period, so that every historian working that field, now and in the future, will be heavily in his debt.
The boys' giant slalom competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Les Diablerets Alpine Centre, Switzerland, on 13 January.
Lopez is also owner and operator of marketing and management entity, Jin Music Group, through which he manages Dallas Tx, recording artist, Big Tuck and Dirty South Rydaz.
Active in the music industry since 1983 through the avenue of DJ, Lopez established a system of independent distribution and marketing with the help of his store that would later become beneficial to various labels including No Limit Records, Rap-A-Lot Records, and Swisha House.
The store was also integral to the success of Southern Hip-Hop collective, Dirty South Rydaz (DSR), a group George Lopez & Trini D. formed and managed consisting of Big Tuck, Tum Tum, Fat Bastard, Lil' Ronnie, Double T, and Addiction.
In 1994, T-Town Music & More opened its doors for the first time within the Bruton Bazaar complex located in the Pleasant Grove area of Dallas, Texas.
Physically distributed through T-Town Music & More and released via his label that shares a similar name, T-Town Music Ent., George Lopez & Trini D. released mixtapes and albums featuring their artists as well as other artists with which they formed relationships.
He was sworn in by John Kufuor in October 2004 along with two other new Supreme Court judges, Felix Michael Lartey and Richard Twum Aninakwah.
As the most senior judge at the time, he acted as the Chief Justice of Ghana between 20 December 2019 and 7 January 2020 following the retirement of Sophia Akuffo as the Chief Justice.
During 2018 when he also served as the acting Chief Justice, he wrote a letter of apology to nine judges whose homes were to be affected by the National Cathedral Project envisaged by the Government of Ghana.
The son of John Wodhull (1678–1754) of Thenford, Northamptonshire, by his second wife, Rebeccah (1702–1794), daughter of Charles Watkins of Aynhoe, he was born at Thenford on 15 August 1740.
He died at Thenford on 10 November 1816, and was buried in an altar-tomb under a yew-tree on the south side of the chancel.
Some of the duplicates in Wodhull's library were sold in 1801 (a five days' sale), and more in 1803 (an eight days' sale).
The rest of his collections, about four thousand volumes and many manuscripts, remained at Thenford, the property of the Severne family, until 1886.
The printed books were mainly first editions of the classics and rare specimens of early printing in the fifteenth century, many being bound by Roger Payne in Russia leather with Wodhull's arms on the cover.
They also contained about fifteen hundred tracts of the seventeenth century, collected by Sir Edward Walker, and many poems and pamphlets of the eighteenth century.
By his will, dated 21 August 1815, Wodhull left Thenford, the library, and his other estates to Mary Ingram, his wife's sister; who died on 14 December 1824, and left them to Samuel Amy Severne.
The 2019–20 Colorado drone sightings are a series of widely sighted unidentified drones observed in the skies of northeastern Colorado and western Nebraska between December 2019 and January 2020.
According to witness reports, the drones fly in grid formations in groups of up to 19 drones and are visible at night between 6 and 10 pm.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), FBI, and local law enforcement are investigating the sightings, but have not yet determined the operator of the drones.
One witness in Palisade, Nebraska counted 19 drones at one time, some hovering and others flying in formations in small groups.
Drone pilots also require waivers from the FAA to fly long distances, in coordinated formations, or at altitudes higher than .
The FAA has checked with drone companies and unmanned aircraft test sites in the area, and has confirmed that none of them are operating the drones.
The Air Force Global Strike Command oversees Minuteman missile silos located in northeastern Colorado, southeastern Wyoming and western Nebraska, and carries out extensive testing of commercially available drones in order to defend missile silos from surveillance or attacks.
The mayor of Yuma, Colorado has proposed new laws in response to the drone sightings which would restrict the use of drones to personal property and require operators to obtain a permit to fly within the city.
Of these, two are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The other listed buildings include a church and a memorial in the churchyard, a chapel, a former school, and a telephone kiosk.
She returned to Europe again in 1937 where she helped organize and American hospital for the volunteers fighting in the Spanish Civil War.
She was also included in the 1947 and the 1951 Dallas Museum of Fine Arts exhibitions of the National Serigraph Society.
The church of St Mary the Virgin, Hemingbrough is a Grade I listed building in Hemingbrough, district of Selby, North Yorkshire, England..
On 26 October 1426 Henry VI gave licence to convert it into a collegiate church with residentiary canons whose period of residence was thirteen weeks each.
From 1479 this also applied to the provost who until then was compelled to be resident for the greater part of the year.
Of Wondrous Legends, often abbreviated as O.W.L., is an American psych folk band established in Chicago in 1968 by musician and artist Stephen Titra.
Overlooked at the time, the band's sole self-titled album, recorded in 1971, was rediscovered and reissued in 2008, since when Titra has returned to perform with others as O.W.L..
He played in folk rock bands in the area, including the Uncalled Four and Rhythm's Children, who transformed into the Grateful Dead-influenced band Mountain Bus.
in 1968, and played his songs with bassist Jim Snyder, flautist John Knudson and vibraphonist Al Keeler in clubs in Chicago.
The owner of the Universal Recording Studio, Murray Allen, liked them, and agreed to fund a full album recording at the studio.
A wide variety of instrumentation was used, including keyboards, vibraphone, Moog synthesizer, marimba, cellos, and flute, played by Titra, Snyder, Knudson, and other musicians.
The recordings have led to comparisons being made with music of the same period by Pearls Before Swine, Shawn Phillips, Tim Buckley, and The Moody Blues.
Titra approached several record labels including Elektra, A&M, Capitol, with the suggestion that it be marketed with accompanying art book of Titra's pen-and-ink drawings illustrating each song.
However, the record companies each claimed that the music was difficult to market, falling into no clear niche, and without an obvious hit single.
Titra continued to play some of the songs in live shows with his mid-1970s band, Pilgrim, but the recordings were otherwise forgotten.
He also worked extensively on illustrations for books, and on murals for schools, and as a speaker on talent development and creativity.
in 2009, to perform a number of shows in Chicago and elsewhere, as a trio with Al Keeler and Doug Jones.
Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called Aachi, was a veteran Indian actress, playback singer and comedian who had appeared in more than 1500 films, 5,000 stage performances and several television series until 2015.
He is the 4th and current Vice Chancellor / 31st head of the prestigious Government College University Lahore (GCU), serving since October 2019.
Asghar Zaidi attended the Government College University, Lahore (1981 to 1984) from where he obtained his Bachelors Degree in Mathematics, Statistics and Economics (First Division).
In 1988, he moved to Netherlands from where he obtained his Master's Degree in Development Studies (Economic Policy and Planning) with Distinction in Thesis from International Institute of Social Studies.
Asghar Zaidi's research interests are Population ageing and its social and economic consequences, Pension policy and its impact on fiscal and social sustainability of welfare states, Labour Market status and well-being of persons with disabilities, Poverty and social exclusion among older people and Dynamic microsimulation model.
He has worked as a researcher in many top organizations and Institutes across the World including University of Oxford, Erasmus University Rotterdam, London School of Economics and many more.
He represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 50 m freestyle S8 event.
He also won the gold medal in the men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay 34pts event together with Oleksandr Komarov, Maksym Krypak and Denys Dubrov.
At the 2019 World Para Swimming Championships he won the gold medal and he set a new world record in the men's 100m backstroke S7 event.
The band recorded the EP at Steadfast Studios in Naugatuck, Connecticut, a multimedia recording studio and art center they constructed in their hometown in 2018.
It is native to New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Macquarie Island, the French Southern Territories of Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands, and New Guinea.
The inflorescence consists 1–2 narrow-oblong spikelets (1.0–4.0 by 0.5–2 mm) which are partly hidden by the base of the subtending bract which is up to 5 times length of spikelet.
The shining nut is 1–2 mm long by about 0.5 mm wide, triangular in cross-section with rounded angles, almost white to yellowish, or grey- to red-brown, and it tapers towards its black tip.
It is found on the coast and up to 1300 m altitude, in boggy ground in forests and wetlands and seepages.
Thieves of the Wood is a 10-episode historical drama based on the life of the 18th-century outlaw leader Jan de Lichte, a native of Aalst in what is now Belgium.
It was first made available in Belgium on the Proximus television network and is now being broadcast on the public network by the VTM channel.
From 1740 to 1748, during the War of the Austrian Succession, Jan de Lichte ravaged the countryside in the vicinity of Aalst.
The series was adapted for television by Christophe Dirickx and Benjamin Sprengers and is directed by Robin Pront and Maarten Moerkerke.
There was a lot of filming in the Kluisbos forest in Kluisbergen but also a few days in March 2017 at the market in Veurne and in Wulveringem at Beauvoorde Castle.
There was also filming on Hasselbroekstraat and Kasteelstraat in Gingelom, in Bokrijk park, at Gravensteen castle, and in the Sahara nature preserve in Lommel.
Bouteloua repens, colloquially known as slender grama, is a grass species in the grama genus native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Slender grama prefers dry rocky slopes below , but will also tolerate most open areas of mixed soil types and can be found up .
The Fédération Internationale de Trampoline (FIT; English: International Trampoline Federation) was an international governing body of competitive trampoline gymnastics from 1964 to 1998.
The organization was created after the first World Championships for the sport in 1964, during which the sport did not have a governing body.
The 2020 Six Nations Under 20s Championship is the 13th series of the Six Nations Under 20s Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship.
Business rates in Wales have ancient roots, and were only formalised by the Vagabonds Act 1572 which modernized the system under the Tudor Poor Laws.
In 1989, domestic properties were removed from the rating system with the introduction of the Poll Tax, later to be replaced with Council Tax.
The Local Government Finance Act 1988 introduced a new system of business rates in England and Wales from 1990, further amended by the Local Government Finance Act 1992.
Gregory N. Washington is an American university lecturer and the Stacey Nicholas Dean of Engineering in the Henry Samueli School of Engineering at the University of California, Irvine.
Here he led the Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, and, in 2008, was promoted to interim dean of the school of engineering.
He has been involved with the design of lightweight, structurally active antenna, self-driving vehicles and smart materials that can provide vibrational control.
In his capacity as dean Washington has expanded the engineering school and created research opportunities with the Middle East and China.
The task force looked to establish a Black Resource Center, similar to the BRC at the University of California, San Diego, which looks to help with the recruitment and retention of students who identify as part of the Black African diaspora.
Bento Costa Lima Leite de Alburquerque Júnior (born 3 August 1958) is a Brazilian admiral who is currently Minister of Mines and Energy.
Among them, as military observer in the UN Peacekeeping Missions in the sectors of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dubrovnik, in the former Yugoslavia, Commander in the Submarine Base Admiral Castro e Silva, Commander-in-Chief of the Squad and Secretary of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Brazilian Navy.
Headed the Division of Technology of the Staff in 2006, which later became the Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Navy.
Between 2007 and 2008, he became parliamentary chief-assistant of the Navy Commander Cabinet, participating in the agreements of strategic partnership of the Program of Development of Submarines (Prosub) between France and Brazil.
Presidential elections have been announced for the Republic of Abkhazia, on 22 March 2020 following the decision of the Supreme Court to annul the results of the 2019 election on 10 January, and the subsequent resignation of President Raul Khajimba due to protests against his presidency.
He represented Ukraine at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay 34pts event and the bronze medal in the 100 m freestyle S6 event.
Lamar Anthony Peters (born June 19, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League.
Peters was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and grew up in the city's 9th Ward in a single parent household as his father was incarcerated for most of his childhood.
He attended Landry-Walker College and Career Preparatory High School, where he helped lead the Charging Buccaneers to back-to-back state championships in his sophomore and junior seasons.
As a true freshman, Peters averaged 10.7 points and 3.4 assists per game and was named to the Southeastern Conference (SEC) All-Freshman team.
He averaged 9.6 points and 4.5 assists in his sophomore season and was named the SEC co-Player of the Week on February 26, 2018 after averaging 17 points, 5.5 rebounds, six assists and 2.5 steals in wins over Texas A&M and South Carolina.
Peters was named the SEC co-Player of the Week a second time on December 10, 2018 after he averaged 27.5 points, five assists and eight 3-pointers made per game in performances against Clemson and McNeese State.
Following the end of the season he again entered the NBA Draft and hired an agent, forgoing his final season of eligibility.
Peters was waived by the Knicks on October 19, 2019 and joined the team's NBA G League affiliate, the Westchester Knicks.
Time Served is the third studio album by American rapper Moneybagg Yo, released on January 10, 2020, through Roc Nation, Collective Music Group, Bread Gang Entertainment, N-Less Entertainment, and Interscope Records.
He later on confirmed the album's title, release date, and tracklist in now-deleted Instagram posts from January 8 and 9, 2020.
The winner was determined by a final group stage, with the final five teams playing in round-robin format, instead of a knockout stage.
After the war, the ship served as a test platform for the development of naval radios, being the first ship to demonstrate the use of an automatically aligning UHF directional antenna.
He derived his stage name from Jamaican singer Bob Marley, whom he admires; his dreadlocks is also a tribute to the singer.
On 10 May 2019, Naira Marley was arrested by the EFCC, alongside his friends Zlatan, Tiamiu Abdulrahman Kayode, Adewunmi Adeyanju Moses and Abubakar Musa.
Five days later, the EFCC released Zlatan and three others but kept Marley in their custody due to overwhelming evidence against him.
On 16 May 2019, the EFCC charged him with 11 counts of fraud before a Federal High Court in Ikoyi, Lagos.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 1993.
He represented Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 4 × 100 m medley relay 34pts event and the bronze medal in the men's 50 m freestyle S8 event.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the rights for the exploitation of iron deposits in the municipality of Ojos Negros in Teruel were granted to several Basque businessmen, who subsequently founded Compañía Minera de Sierra Menera on 3 September 1900.
The 200-km long railway line was built in 1903, and at the time of its construction it was the longest private company-owned railway line in Europe.
A need for greater transportation capacity finally led to the closure of line on 29 July 1972 and, following the closure of the ore-processing facilities in Sagunto, the Sierra Menera mining company went bankrupt in 1987.
In 2001, the Valencian Regional Government decided to convert the stretch of the former railway running from Algimia d'Alfara to Barracas into a rail trail.
A similar decision was later taken by the Aragon Regional Government in relation to the stretch of line running within Aragon to the village of Santa Eulalia del Campo.
At the current time, no definitive decision has been taken regarding the conversion of the final stretch of line between Santa Eulalia del Campo and Ojos Negros into a rail trail.
In 2017, the Valencian Regional Government announced plans to connect the Ojos Negros Greenway to the city of Valencia via the extension of the Vía Churra Greenway, which runs from the Valencian capital, to the city of Sagunto and the village of Albalat dels Tarongers The extension project is expected to be finalised in 2020-2021.
Following the Barracas moorlands, the line entered the Sierra Calderona mountain range and commenced a descent of almost 1000 metres to Sagunto, on the Mediterranean coast.
The route of the Ojos Negros rail trail does not follow the former railway in its entirety, mainly as a result of the construction of different buildings and road infrastructure since the closure of the original line.
Ojos Negros I: this section starts in the village of Algimia de Alfara in Valencia and passes through (or close by) the towns of Altura, Segorbe, Jérica, Viver and Caudiel, among others, before finishing in Barracas, the last town in the province of Castellón before entering Teruel.
Ojos Negros II: this section starts in Barracas (Castellón) and passes through the municipalities of Sarrión (known as the world truffle capital), La Puebla de Valverde, Teruel and Cella, among others, before finishing in the village of Santa Eulalia del Campo (Teruel).
It measures 91 kilometres and crosses the highest point on the Ojos Verdes Greenway, Escandón Pass, located at an altitude of 1218 m.a.s.l., and some 15 kilometres outside the town of Teruel.
The route, which alternates stretches of asphalt with stretches of compacted earth and of ballast, passes through five tunnels and crosses 13 viaducts.
Certain of the tunnels along the route are equipped with artificial illumination (permanent or motion-sensor activated), although it is recommended that users (and especially cyclists) carry their own lights.
The Valencian coastline enjoys a typical hot-summer Mediterranean climate, classified as Csa under the Köppen climate classification and characterised by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters with infrequent frosts in inland locations.
The province of Teruel is classified as Bsk under Köppen, denoting a cold semi-arid climate with warm to hot summers and dry, cold winters.
The highest temperature recorded at the Teruel Observatory is 39.3 ºC (August 4, 2007), whilst the lowest is 22.5 ºC (December 26, 2001).
Due to the high summer temperatures in Valencia and the sub-zero temperatures and snowfall often registered in Teruel during the winter, the optimum seasons for completing the route are spring and autumn.
The Ojos Negros greenway does not present any great difficulties for most users given that, in common with most railway lines, the average gradient is 3-5%, and is considered suitable for walkers, cyclists, horse riders and those with disabilities.
There are numerous accommodation options available along the Via Verde de Ojos Negros greenway, ranging from hostals and hotels to campsites, cabins and private houses.
As has been noted, in many stretches the rail trail runs parallel to the main Sagunto - Teruel - Zaragoza railway, which has several stations nearby, including: Sagunto, Segorbe, Barracas, Rubielos de Mora, Mora de Rubielos, Sarrión, La Puebla de Valverde, Puerto de Escandón, Teruel, Cella y Santa Eulalia del Campo.
Additionally, the C-5 line of the Valencia local train service stops in Estivella, Algimia de Alfara, Soneja, Segorbe, Navajas, Jérica and Caudiel, all of which are to be found on the first section of the route.
Similarly, the aforementioned A-23 motorway follows the rail trail closely, allowing access via the many villages and towns along the route (for example, Villa de Altura).
The route passes through numerous location of architectural interest, including the city of Segorbe, with its cathedral and medieval walls, Jérica, which is host to a múdejar tower that has been declared a national historic-artistic monument, Albentosa, Sarrión, la La Puebla de Valverde y Teruel.
Early tenants included the Consumers Company, which occupied the 20th and 21st floors, the Hilton Company, a men's clothing retailer which occupied the corner store, Remington Typewriter Company, and film companies Mutual, Paramount, Pathé, and Universal.
A. Weis & Company operated the Winter Garden, an upscale restaurant located in the basements of the Consumers Building and the adjacent 214 South State Street building, which Kesner had purchased to ensure a skyscraper would not be built there.
In the 1920s, the Allied Amusements Association, an association of motion picture and vaudeville theatre owners, had offices on the building's 13th floor.
Other tenants in the 1920s included Carnation Milk, the Cooperative stores, Integrity Mutual Insurance Co., Liberty Mutual, and the Pullman Company.
Benson & Rixon moved to 206-12 S. State St., before moving to their newly built store at 230 S. State St. the following year.
The trust defaulted on its lease, and in 1937, title to the building was turned over to the owners of the ground leases.
The building later served as home to the Illinois Public Action Council, the Chicago Public High School for Metropolitan Studies, and the regional office of the Community Relations Service.
In 2005, the General Services Administration acquired the Consumers Building and neighboring buildings, using eminent domain to seize some of the properties, citing the need for increased security around the Dirksen Federal Building.
In 2011 and 2013, Preservation Chicago listed the Consumers Building and the nearby Century Building as one of Chicago's 7 most endangered buildings.
In 2017, CA Ventures reached an agreement to purchase the Consumers Building, the Century Building, and the two smaller buildings in between, for $10.38 million.
The Consumers Building and Century Building would have been converted to apartments, as part of a $141 million redevelopment project, while the historic Streamline Moderne storefront of 214 South State St. would have been restored and incorporated into a 25,000 square-foot structure built between the taller buildings for retail and commercial use.
Under the terms of the agreement, the City of Chicago would purchase the buildings from the federal government and then immediately sell them to CA Ventures.
However, the City of Chicago backed out of the agreement in December 2019, citing security concerns at the nearby Dirksen Federal Building.
Bouteloua radicosa, colloquially known as purple grama, is a grass species in the grama genus native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
According to Sugizo, Luna Sea, who have never worked with a producer in their 30 year career, had been wanting to work with one for about the last five years.
He explained that he wanted to be a student again and learn more, but none of the producers in Japan fit for various reasons.
After getting the offer from Luna Sea, Lillywhite went to see them perform live at Saitama Super Arena as he believes the true value of a band is in their live shows.
Guitarists Inoran and Sugizo had previously visited him at his home in Jakarta, but this was the first time all five band members had met with the producer about the album.
Lillywhite had four points he wanted for the album; to capture the energy of the band's live performances, have great melodies, include a modern sound for the current age, and retain the unique sound that Luna Sea have cultivated through the decades.
He said that he still believes in the idea of an album working as a whole instead of just standalone songs put together.
Lillywhite said that he noticed each member has their own style and that mixing them all together made a good album.
He explained that J is a hard rocker, Inoran likes indie rock, Sugizo likes progressive rock, and Ryuichi is Frank Sinatra, while Shinya can adapt and interpret each one in his own way as a good drummer should.
Before meeting the band, Lillywhite did not like Ryuichi's vocals when he listened to their old work and was worried about whether or not he could produce them.
He revealed that all the music Sugizo brought to him was perfect and organized, whereas Inoran's songs were more difficult because they were cluttered like U2's.
Sugizo would bring him one guitar take that was perfect, but Inoran would bring him ten takes and let him choose which to use.
It is the band's tenth studio album and the Japanese numeral for the number 10 is , which looks like a cross.
He told the band that he will do something different on the next album, as he is convinced they can do different things and would like to see where they are going.
It features about 15 string players and around 20 high school drummers and flutists, for about 40 or 50 people in total.
Through repeated trial and error he tried to find the best balance between retaining the song's power but making it gentle enough on the ears.
He called it reminiscent of David Bowie, and said that the calm song acts as a relief in the middle of the album.
It was Lillywhite's idea to have an English announcement in , for which he chose J because the bassist has a good voice.
But he is of the opinion that the last song should be like a nice dessert after a meal, and the latter was too heavy for dessert.
An edition sold exclusively at the band's December 21 and 22, 2019 concerts at the Saitama Super Arena includes a live CD recorded at their December 22 and 23 concerts at the arena the previous year.
She went on to study medicine at Johns Hopkins University, marrying her fellow medical student, the future anthropologist Jaime de Angulo, in 1910.
In 1921, at Kristine Mann's suggestion, Cary De Angulo moved to Zürich to study with Carl Jung, taking Ximena with her, and living in a house on Lake Zurich with her sister Henri Zinno.
The site of Plateros was inhabited as early as 1566 when some miners lost their way while trying to find the nearby mining town of Fresnillo.
It draws 1.5 million visitors annually, behind the Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City and San Juan de los Lagos in the state of Jalisco.
From mid-2019, one of its authors, and from December, 2019, its chief editor has been Igor Eidman (), a Russian sociologist and columnist living in Germany.
– is the world of people of the European civilization, the highest value for whom are human rights and freedoms, democracy and humanism.
There are many of us, but, unlike our opponents, we are fragmented and lack sufficient information resources to assert ourselves with a full voice.
M.NEWS has published exclusive interviews with the economist Sergei Guriev, political scientist Georgy Satarov, historian Mark Solonin, human rights activists Lev Ponomarev, Olga Romanova and Sergey Davidis, Ukrainian politician Boris Babin () former Russian State Duma deputy Ilya Ponomaryov, writer Victor Shenderovich, journalists Arkady Babchenko and , Stanford University professor Francis Fukuyama and others.
M.News World cooperates with public organizations for the protection of human rights, among which there are such international organizations as CIPDH and the World Zionist Organization.
Also, this is to stimulate open communication, which will help to unite the efforts of caring people to do good deeds.
First of all, the action is meant to help children with disabilities, orphans, retirees and other categories of socially vulnerable people.
At the end of 2019, M.NEWS was repeatedly mentioned in connection with the arrest and deportation of its author from Crimea by the Russian authorities.
As a result, after an intervention of the Ukrainian authorities and the editor-in-chief of M.NEWS, Gaivoronskyi was expelled to mainland Ukraine, and on January 1, 2020, the journalist arrived in Kiev.
The author, Ilya Fedoseyev, expressed doubts about the results of the investigation and for the first time named a possible organizer of the murder, a Russian-Belarusian Nazi.
Kody Seti Kimbulu (born 23 January 1978), known professionally as Kody or Kody Kim, is a Belgian television host, comedian, and radio personality.
After graduation, he joined the theatre group Kings of Comedy and began working in the radio industry, hosting radio shows on VivaCité and RTBF.
Vijayarajamallika was born in 1985 at Muthuvara, Thrissur district, Kerala to Kaniyamkonatth Veettil Y. Krishnan, who is a retired superintendent of K.S.E.B and Jaya Krishnan, who is a teacher.
The parents and relatives of Jashim were opposed to the marriage and the marriage was held in the office of Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad state committee at Thrissur.
The Department of Malayalam at Madras University has included her collection of poetry ‘Daivathinte Makal’ in the syllabus of MA Malayalam course.
The poetry, Maranantharam from ‘Daivathinte Makal’ was Included in the curriculum of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala and an another poetry, Neelambari from ‘Daivathinte Makal’ also was Included in the curriculum of Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit.
In addition to the eight championship rounds, test sessions at the Red Bull Ring in Austria are scheduled for June 18th and 19th.
Guam is made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean just south of the Mariana Islands: it is a territory of the United States.
Cocos Island is an island 1 mile (1.6 km) off the southern tip of the United States territory of Guam and is considered part of Guam.
The party planned to run 104 candidates across the four provinces in 2020, and on running candidates for the provincial levels of government.
The group initially gained traction in October 2019 after the 2019 Canadian federal election when the Liberal Party was re-elected to form government.
As of early 2020, the party started purchasing billboards in Alberta criticizing Trudeau, sparking public discussion over the lack of representation in the Western Provinces of Canada.
The party lacks enough momentum in Manitoba to achieve their goals there, however, they do have small pockets of support in the other three provinces.
Walter E. Ware designed the Gothic Revival structure, with its low square tower and patterned on the cathedral church of Carlyle, England.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as a contributing building in the South Temple Historic District.
Marianne Dubois (born 17 December 1957) is a French Republican politician who has represented Loiret's 5th constituency in the National Assembly since 2009.
On 6 October they encountered a gale that resulted in the loss of some 30 of the merchantmen on the Riga Bar.
Taxation in Wales () typically comprises of payments to one or more of the three different levels of government: the UK government (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs), the Welsh Government, and local government.
In the fiscal year 2017-18, total Welsh government revenue was forecast to be £27.1 billion, or 38.3 per cent of GDP, with net VAT, income tax, and National Insurance contributions standing at £15.8 billion.
The Welsh Government acquired the power to increase income tax on the 10% share it collects, however it has not opted to do so.
The Norman conquest of England brought some areas of Wales under the control of William the Conqueror, however the Domesday Book shows little success in establishing a framework for taxation for Wales.
Areas of Powys began to see land ownership recorded for future taxation, however little of that county let alone the rest of Wales was ever recorded.
The conquest of Edward I over the remainder of Wales by 1283 brought the introduction of English common law over the whole of the country.
Until the successful referendum on devolution in 1997, which produced the Welsh Government and Senedd Cymru, taxation of Welsh matters was a matter for the Parliament of the United Kingdom and its Government.
Welsh legislation is known as an Act of the Assembly, however the Assembly will be renamed to the Senedd Cymru in 2020 () and acts will be known as Acts of the Senedd Cymru.
Partial responsibilities for income tax in Wales were given to the Welsh Government beginning with the tax year April 2019, following devolution of the matter in the Wales Act 2014.
Welsh Local Government revenue comes primarily from Welsh Government grants, Non-Domestic (Business) Rates, Council Tax, and increasingly from fees and charges such as those for on-street parking.
Since devolution, the Welsh Assembly has been permitted to legislate on local taxation such as Council Tax and Business Rates, as well as set grant levels.
The Wales Act 2017 began the process of partially devolving power over Income Tax to the Welsh Government, and these changes took effect in April 2019.
All other revenues remain controlled by the UK Government, however, including income tax, goods tax (VAT), alcohol tax, aviation tax, and fuel tax.
The most recent and comprehensive assessment of taxation in Wales is a report by the Cardiff University's Wales Fiscal Analysis centre.
Revenues as a percentage of GDP was estimated at 38.3%, in contrast with a figure of 36.4% for the rest of the UK.
The largest sources of Government revenue in Wales, in order, are VAT (£6.4 bn), Income Tax (£4.9 bn) and National Insurance contributions (£4.5 bn).
As a percentage of GDP, VAT and excise duty collect a greater share of revenue in Wales than the rest of the UK, while Income Tax and Corporation Tax shares are lower.
Established by Gao Weiyu (高卫宇), who remained the CEO for the company's lifetime, in 1998, it one of the first language center chains in the country.
The 2020 Fitzgibbon Cup is the 104th staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.
The 2020 Fitzgibbon Cup started with the group stage on 12 January 2020 and is scheduled to end in February 2020.
The Shelton Oak also known as Owen Glendwr's Observatory or the Glendower Oak was a veteran oak tree near Shrewsbury, England.
The oak is said to have been climbed Owain Glyndŵr, the Welsh independence fighter, to view the 1403 Battle of Shrewsbury, from which its alternative name derives.
In later years the tree became renowned for its hollow trunk which was variously described as able to accommodate twenty people, six people sitting for dinner or an 8-person quadrille dance.
The tree had fallen by 1940 and its remains were removed in the 1950s to facilitate improvements to an adjacent road junction.
The tree stood around from the town of Shrewsbury at a site from which The Wrekin and, later, Shrewsbury Cathedral were visible.
In 1403 he marched from Wales with his men to join an army led by Henry Percy (Hotspur) who was fighting a rebellion against the English king Henry IV.
His route of march was blocked by the king's men on 21 July so Owain climbed the Shelton Oak to view the progress of the Battle of Shrewsbury, some distant.
From his vantage point Glyndŵr could see that Hotspur's father Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland's had not joined the battle and Hotspur's men were losing.
In 1823 it was recorded to be at least high; in circumference at ground level and at a height of .
A report from this year noted that at a height of the circumference of the oak was and at the circumference was .
An acorn from the tree was planted by the gate of Pentreheylin Hall by a Mrs Croxon in 1832 and was flourishing more than 40 years later.
A report from 1878 suggests that the hollow trunk of the Shelton Oak was by then large enough for eight people to dance a quadrille within it.
A second acorn from the tree was grown into a sapling and planted at The Elms in Shrewsbury by Dr Charles Waring Saxton on 5 February 1880.
The tree had died by 1940 and the stump was removed in the 1950s to allow improvements to take place to the adjacent junction of the A5 and the Welshpool Road.
Gonçalves was born on 5 February 1979, in Gemeses, a civil parish in the Braga District city of Esposende in Portugal.
Gonçalves won 23 titles in motocross, supercross and enduro, and won the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship in 2013, before being a runner-up in 2014.
He finished among the top ten competitors, and was the runner-up in 2015, Marc Coma being the only competitor ahead of him.
Between 2006 and 2009, and also from 2013 to 2019, Gonçalves raced for the Honda team in the Dakar Rally, before moving to the Hero MotoCorp team in 2020.
During the 2020 edition of the Dakar rally the engine started in the third stage, and its withdrawal was announced, which was corrected about three hours later, as Gonçalves was trying to repair his vehicle at the same time as he was waiting for his team to arrive for assistance.
He was found unconscious, resuscitated at the scene, and then flown by helicopter to a hospital in Layla, where he was pronounced dead.
After his death, the municipality of Esposende issued a note of regret, highlighting his career as a racer, and regarded him as an Esposende ambassador to the world.
Upon her arrival at The Mill, she shared scenes with Valerie Pitman (Sarah Moyle) and Sid Vere (Ashley Rice), where she helps a pregnant patient.
However, when Ruhma is introduced to Heston Carter (Owen Brenman), the pair initially dislike each other, resulting in an argument that ends in a kiss.
Ruhma is introduced as a sonographer for Emma Reid (Dido Miles) and Howard Bellamy (Ian Kelsey), and it is explained that her and Emma are former colleagues.
Mrs Tembe (Lorna Laidlaw) calls her into The Mill, where Valerie Pitman (Sarah Moyle) insists that there is no record of her meeting.
While she argues with Valerie, a pregnant patient of Sid Vere's (Ashley Rice) begins to feel ill, so she treats her.
When Jimmi Clay (Adrian Lewis Morgan) and Heston Carter (Owen Brenman) hear of Ruhma's potential hiring, they disagree, insisting The Mill does not need a residential midwife.
The pair attend the theatre together, after which Ruhma asks Karen Hollins (Jan Pearson) if Heston is single; he later takes her on a date to a fancy restaurant.
Ruhma is evicted from her house, so Heston invites Ruhma and her children, Shak (Sunjay Midda) and Alia (Lisa Ambalavanar), to live with him.
Heston suggests seeking treatment from a private audiologist, and although she initially disagrees due to working for the NHS, she seeks help.
She tracks down the seller, Lee Harwood (Matthew Mellahieu), and forces him to reassemble the bench at The Mill, which she later has concreted into the ground.
Hanny Johanna Hermina Thalmann (26 July 1916 in Gossau, canton of St. Gallen – 11 May 2000 at St. Gallen) was a Swiss women's rights activist and politician of the Christian Democratic People's Party.
She had a vocational business training in Walenstadt, canton of St. Gallen, and later graduated from the business school of the Institute of Menzingen, canton of Zurich.
In 1933, she joined the Business Academy of St. Gallen, but she had to pause her studies due to a lung disease in 1932–33.
After an intership in a bank in Wil, canton of St. Gallen, she earned a business teaching diploma in 1937 and a doctor's degree in economics in 1943 thanks to a thesis about the industry in Sarganserland.
Thalmann taught at the vocational school of retail business in St. Gallen from 1945 to 1974 and became the director of that school in 1958.
She was a board member of the St. Gallen Women's Central Office from 1950 to 1981 (of which she was the vice-chairwoman for some time), and a member of the cantonal board of the Catholic Women League in St. Gallen and Appenzell from 1954 to 1988.
She was the first female member of the educational board of the canton of St. Gallen from 1968 to 1983, and from 1971 to 1979 the first female National Councillor from the canton of St. Gallen.
She was among the first ten women to seat in the National Council after women's suffrage was introduced in federal elections in 1971.
Thalmann was involved in social and vocational edcuation issues, and promoted vocational training of women in her canton, as well as maternity rights and maternity insurance in the National Council.
In 2019, her name was engraved on desks of the National Council chamber alongside the names of early elected female parliamentaries.
Neil Housman Wilson (1886–1960) was an English-born Southern Rhodesian journalist and politician who became a member of the Southern Rhodesian parliament in 1933.
In 1922, he was elected General Secretary of the Public Services Association and it was in this capacity that he served as an Advisory Member of the Southern Rhodesian delegation at the Terms of Union Convention, Cape Town.
As the elected chairman of the Progressive Party he negotiated the amalgamation with the Country Party and Labour Party to form the Reform Party, of which he became the first chairman and then President.
In 1934 he was adviser to the Southern Rhodesia Delegation when Godfrey Huggins went to negotiate a new Railway Agreement in Cape Town.
He was at one time: general secretary of the Dominion Party; president of the Immigration and Development Association of Rhodesia; and, chairman of the Central Africa Wing of the League of Empire Loyalists.
It received ten nominations at the 10th Magritte Awards, winning in nine categories, including Best Film and Best Director for Masset-Depasse, holding the record for the most Magritte Awards won by a single film.
Another way is to react acetylene with phenyl lithium (at −50°C) to make lithium acetylide, which then reacts with bromine to yield the product.
It has a sweetish smell, but makes a white fume in air that then smells like ozone, possibly because it forms ozone.
The infrared spectrum has absorption at 2185 cm due to symmetrical stretching on the C≡C bond, 832 cm asymmetrical stretch on C-Br bond, 311 cm bending on Z shape BrCC, 267 symmetrical stretch on all bonds, and 167 cm for C shaped bending.
Dibromoacetylene reacts with Apiezon L, which is used as a vacuum grease in distillation, so its use is unsuitable with this chemical.
LTT is a tax applied to residential and commercial land and buildings transactions (including commercial purchases and commercial leases) where a chargeable interest is acquired.
Under the Land Transaction Tax and Anti-avoidance of Devolved Taxes (Wales) Act 2017, a land transaction must be notified to the Welsh Revenue Authority unless it falls within one of the exempt categories contained in the Act.
LTT is usually paid by the solicitor on behalf of the buyer, within 30 days of completion as part of the administrative process to complete the conveyancing transaction, although final responsibility lies with the buyer.
Submitting an LTT return and making arrangements to pay the LTT due is a prerequisite to applying for registration of title.
LTT is a progressive tax, with its structure designed so that the charge rises more than proportionately to the actual price of the property.
The percentage rate for each band in LTT is applied only to the part of the price over the relevant threshold and up to the next threshold.
Proposals for rates and bands were announced by the Minister for Finance Mark Drakeford on 11 December 2017, as part of the annual Draft Budget process and tax calculators are available to help taxpayers and agents determine the amount of LTT due.
The proposed tax rates and bands are subject to consultation and Parliamentary scrutiny through the Draft Budget process, led by the Finance Committee of the Senedd Cymru.
Initially, the Congo government had a 65% participation in the airline, Sabena had a 30% holding, and Air Brousse and Sobelair held the balance.
Services to Belgium were inaugurated in early 1963, linking Léopoldville with Brussels via Rome, using Boeing 707 equipment operated by Sabena on behalf of the carrier.
By 1964 the airline was also operating Curtiss C-46s and DC-4s equipment, leased from Aerovias Panama Airways to complement the Sabena-leased aircraft.
The initial fleet of Air Congo consisted of Douglas DC-3s, Douglas DC-4s and Douglas DC-6Bs; the first international destinations served by the carrier were Entebbe, Luanda, Nairobi, and Ndola.
Whilst the airline was granted exclusive rights to operate scheduled domestic and international flights, it also received subsidies from the government in Léopoldville for any shortfall in loans which had been approved by the government.
Part of the contract with Sabena saw the Belgian airline train Air Congo personnel for a six-year period, and by the end of 1962 Air Congo had 2,400 employees, of which some 1,100 were seconded from Sabena.
Jet service to Brussels was inaugurated in March 1963 utilising a Boeing 707 which was leased from Sabena, and in April 1963 the airline joined the International Air Transport Association, becoming the 94th overall member.
The airline signed an agreement with French airline Union des Transports Aériens (UTA) in January 1964, which saw the two airlines cooperating on flights between Africa and Europe.
The airline added four Beech Barons in October 1964 in order to provide feeder services, and in November 1964, Zambia Airways reintroduced the Ndola-Élisabethville route which was formerly operated by Central African Airways.
On 29 November 1964, a Douglas DC-4 of the airline, leased from Belgian International Aviation Services crashed upon take-off from Stanleyville, killing seven of the fifteen people on board.
It was initially reported the aircraft, which was carrying Belgian soldiers, may have been shot down by rebels, but it was later revealed the aircraft had hit an empty fuel drum on the runway upon taking off.
Following the 1965 coup which brought Mobutu Sésé Seko to power, most of Sabena's property in the country was seized, and the Belgian airline had its traffic rights at Élisabethville cancelled.
In addition, the Congolese government seized funds which were due to be paid by Air Congo to Sabena, and other funds earned by Sabena in the country.
At the time, the fleet comprised two Douglas DC-6s, eight DC-4s, eleven DC-3s, two Curtiss C-46s, three Beech 18s, five Beech Barons, one Piper PA-23 Aztec and one Cessna 310.
In 1967 the airline ordered two Sud Aviation Caravelles for delivery in October 1967 and the summer of 1968, and on 12 May 1967 a BAC One Eleven, on a one-year lease from Laker Airways entered service on the airlines' routes.
On 25 November 1967 a Douglas DC-8 joined the airlines' fleet, and it flew on routes from Lubumbashi-Kinshasa-Brussels-Paris or Rome, with the last sector being flown on alternate weeks.
The airline operated the DC-3s, DC-4s and DC-6s to 26 domestic destinations, and the smaller Beech aircraft were operated to 27 other domestic destinations.
There was special emphasis placed on the training of Congolese nationals to run the airline, and in 1970 two Douglas DC-8s were bought from Pan Am.
The Ministry of Consumer Affairs is a ministerial department in the Government of Spain responsible for policies regarding the protection and defense of consumer rights, as well as the regulation, authorization, supervision, control and, where appropriate, sanction of state-level gambling and gaming activities.
The department will be created as part of the Sánchez II Government as a split from the Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare and Finance ministries and is projected to be directed by Alberto Garzón.
While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against a combined Minor Counties cricket team at Oxford in 1934.
In his ten first-class matches for Oxford, Benn scored 378 runs at an average of 18.90, with a highest score of 90.
After graduating from Oxford, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 98th (Surrey and Sussex Yeomanry) in May 1936.
With the Yeomanry forming a part of the Royal Artillery, Benn served in the Second World War, reaching the rank of temporary lieutenant colonel by the conclusion of the war.
McIver was the first Australian to represent her country in dressage when she competed at the Los Angeles 1984 Olympics in the individual event.
In May 2007 McIver was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Ballarat in recognition of her contribution to dressage in Australia as an Olympic competitor, and dressage coach and judge.
The Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration is a ministerial department in the Government of Spain responsible for planning and carrying out the government policy on Social Security, foreigners, immigration and emigration.
The department will be created as part of the Sánchez II Government as a split from the Ministry of Labour, Migration and Social Security and is projected to be directed by José Luis Escrivá.
Fischer's channel News2Share was demonetized, so that it would no longer receive ad revenue from YouTube as part of YouTube's restricted monetization policies.
Fischer was banned from posting content on Facebook for three days as he tried to share an article about his censorship on YouTube.
He received the Capable Actor of the Year award at the Golden Bud - The Third Network Film and Television Festival, and the Rising Actor award at the Silk Road Cohesion Awards.
The Ministry of Universities is a ministerial department in the Government of Spain responsible for developing and implementing the government policy on universities.
The department will be created as part of the Sánchez II Government as a split from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and is projected to be directed by Manuel Castells.
On 9 December 2019, Kale made his debut for Somalia in a 2–0 loss against Uganda in the 2019 CECAFA Cup.
Tipsord serves as a trustee for the Brookings Institution think tank, the dean’s advisory board for the University of Illinois College of Law, the board of Navagant Consulting, and has been a featured speaker at the Wharton School of Business.
Tipsord has gone on to hold a number of leadership positions including assistant treasurer in 1998, VP in 2001, senior vice president and CFO in 2004, COO before becoming Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in 2015.
Since Tipsord became CEO, State Farm has gone from nearly 70,000 employees to 56,788 employees in 2019, resulting in relocation and displacement of workers.
The History of the Pilgrims () is an anonymous Latin account of the expedition of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa during the Third Crusade (1189–90).
The sole surviving manuscript, made in the early 13th century at Salem Abbey, is not quite complete and seems to be missing the last sentences.
Among the latter was probably a tract on Conrad of Montferrat's campaign in Palestine, since his defence of Tyre (1187) is covered in the first part covering Saladin's conquests.
Others believe this date seems unlikely given the marriage of her parents, John Balfour and a daughter of Dr Samuel Moore of Derry, in January 1778.
This could make her year of birth 1789, which better aligns with the dates of birth of her younger sisters and the characters in her poems.
After the death of her father, Balfour and her sisters had to support themselves by teaching, initially in Newtown Limavady, then in Belfast.
By winning both the 1977–78 Saudi League and the 1978 King Cup, Al-Ahli became the first Saudi team to achieve the domestic double.
It is notable in that it was the first single moecule to have an chemical reaction observed by an atomic force microscope and scanning tunneling microscopy.
Seifeddine Jaziri (; born 12 February 1993), is a Tunisian footballer who plays for Egyptian Premier League side Al Mokawloon Al Arab as a forward.
Elisabeth Jean Wood is an American political scientist, currently the Franklin Muzzy Crosby Professor of the Human Environment, professor of political science, and professor of international and area studies at Yale University.
She studies sexual violence during war, the emergence of political insurgencies and individuals' participation in them, and democratization, with a focus on Latin American politics and African politics.
Wood received a BA in physics from Cornell University in 1979, and then another BA in philosophy and mathematics from the University of Oxford in 1981.
She then received a MA in physics at the University of California, Berkeley, followed by an MA in Latin American Studies in 1988, also from UC Berkeley.
In this book, Wood uses micro-level ethnographic data obtained from fieldwork in the two cases of El Salvador and South Africa to argue that the process of democratization can be prompted by alliances of workers and impoverished people who confront established elites.
Wood studies the cooperation of rural people and agricultural cooperatives with a political insurgency in El Salvador, arguing that many individuals overcame the collective action problem to participate in a dangerous insurgency because of a combination of beliefs that the insurgency would have positive effects, a desire to express defiance, and the pleasure of expressing individual agency.
In reviewing the book, Jon Shefner noted that the field sites that Wood spent time in to research the book were particularly challenging and dangerous, and that she documented her findings with noteworthy methodological precision.
In addition to publications in journals like Politics and Society, The Journal of Peace Research, and Comparative Political Studies on topics like democratization in El Salvador, sexual assault in the military, and sexual violence by armed forces, she has authored a number of public policy pieces in the popular media.
Wood is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
She was previously a member of the editorial boards of the American Political Science Review from 2007-2013, as well as of World Politics, Politics and Society, and the Contentious Politics Series of the Cambridge University Press.
In 2010, Wood was named a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 2018 she was named the Franklin Muzzy Crosby Professor of the Human Environment at Yale University.
The Special Honours refer to the awards made within royal prerogative, operational honours and other honours awarded outside the New Years Honours and Birthday Honours.
Her father (and his) had built high class watches known as chronometers, but her father's interest moved to photography before he became a salesperson.
She was intrigued by the suffrage cause after she was employed to take pictures of the suffragette Gladice Keevil after she was released from prison.
Connell's resulting portraits of the leading producers and players, Ellen Terry, Christopher St John, Hamilton and Craig, were exhibited at the Royal Photographic Society in 1910/1911.
Suzy Loftus is an American attorney who served as interim San Francisco District Attorney, nominated by Mayor London Breed after the resignation of George Gascón.
Prior to serving as interim San Francisco District Attorney, Loftus was president the San Francisco Police Commission and served as General Counsel of the California Department of Justice.
Loftus now serves as CEO of the Center for Youth Wellness, a non-profit family health and wellness center in the India Basin neighborhood of San Francisco.
Loftus, viewed as more moderate than Boudin, was endorsed by Governor Gavin Newsom, Lieutenant Governor Eleni Kounalakis, Senators Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris, and numerous members of the California delegation to congress.
San Francisco elections utilize a ranked-choice voting system, where candidates who receive the fewest votes are eliminated until a winner is selected.
Said Ali Hussein (born 1 July 2000) is a Somali footballer who plays as a left back for Dutch club and the Somalia national team.
On 9 December 2019, Ali Hussein made his debut for Somalia in a 2–0 loss against Uganda in the 2019 CECAFA Cup.
The 1987 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix.
The temple was built at the end of the 9th century, during the reign of King Yasovarman (889 A.D.-910 A.D.) and is dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma.
They were built of sandstone; much of their carving and detail has been lost to erosion including the lintels, in very poor condition, that feature garlands and inward-facing makaras.
She began ice scating at age 7 and started her professional career at age 18, first as a coach in New Zealand and later as a performer in Mexico.
She switched her focus to singing following a suggestion by a fellow ice skater who remarked that she should take singing lessons when she got back to Canada.
She also earned a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Calgary, and a Master of Music degree from Belmont University in Nashville, both in Classical Vocal Performance.
In the past, members of the tank battalion have deployed members in support of the NATO ISAF mission in Afghanistan as part of the Croatian Contingent (HRVCON), United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)and other UN and NATO peacekeeping operations.
In Islamic history, a muwaqqit (, more rarely miqati) was an astronomer tasked with the timekeeping and the regulation of prayer times in an Islamic institution like a mosque or a madrasa.
Muslims observe salah, the daily ritual prayer, at prescribed times based on the hadith or the tradition of Muhammad (c. 570–632).
Because the start and end times for prayers are related to the solar diurnal motion, they vary throughout the year and depend on the local latitude and longitude when expressed in local time.
The minaret provided the muazzin with a vantage point to observe phenomena such as sunset which marks the start time of Maghrib.
In addition to regulating prayer times, they wrote treatises on astronomy, especially on timekeeping and the use of related instruments such as quadrants and sundials.
They were also responsible for other religious matters related to their astronomical expertise, such as the keeping of the Islamic calendar and the determination of the qibla (the direction to Mecca used for prayers).
The astronomical keeping of prayer times as well as the construction and maintenance of a mosque's astronomical instruments were just a normal part of academic activities in Muslim cities of the time.
In Al-Andalus, in the late 13th century, astronomers Ahmad and Husayn—father and son from the ibn Baso family—computed prayer times for the Great Mosque of Granada.
Apart from timekeeping, he also worked on planetary theories and wrote a treatise on the movements of the Sun, the moon, and the planets.
He moved away from Ptolemaic geocentrism and produced models which were still geocentric but were mathematically equivalent to those later proposed by Copernicus (1473 – 1543).
In addition, Egyptian astronomers Ibn al-Majdi and Ibn Abi al-Fath al-Sufi wrote extensively on religious timekeeping using more advanced astronomy than Sibt al-Maradani, but they were not formally attached to any mosque.
In the past few decades, some mosques have installed electronic clocks capable of calculating local prayer times and sounding reminders accordingly.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) () has a limited presence in the People's Republic of China and is subject to legal restrictions on the Chinese mainland.
Although returned overseas Chinese converts and foreign Latter-day Saints who live in China do attend sacrament meetings in China, Chinese nationals and expatriates do not attend the same meetings, and the LDS Church has directed its non-Chinese members to avoid proselytizing in Mainland China.
LDS missionaries briefly visited Asia in 1851 Three missionaries—Hosea Stout, James Lewis, and Chapman Duncan—arrived in Hong Kong, which was, at that time, a British colony, on April 28, 1853.
Missionary efforts in Hong Kong did not succeed, as Hong Kong locals and colonists did not welcome the Latter-day Saints' religious message and the local climate, culture, and language posed problems for proselytism.
Future LDS Church president David O. McKay travelled to China with LDS Church elder Hugh Cannon in 1921, symbolically consecrating China to missionary efforts without beginning an actual missionary campaign.
In 1949, the LDS Church began missionary activities in Hong Kong and Macao, but was unable to visit the mainland due to the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War.
In the context of the Chinese economic reforms of the 1980s, LDS Church leaders began engaging in legal and political negotiations with the Chinese state.
In addresses in 1979, LDS Church President Spencer W. Kimball called on members to pray for peace and an opening to missionary work in China, while also praising elements of certain Chinese government policies on sexual morality, work ethics, honesty, self-discipline, and hygiene.
The LDS Church's Polynesian Cultural Center hosted several Chinese dignitaries, namely Vice Premier Geng Biao, Premier Zhao Ziyang, President Li Xiannian, and Vice President Li Lanqing.
Since 1979, Brigham Young University performance groups have held tours in China to the approbation of Chinese political and business leaders.
Future LDS Church President Russell M. Nelson, who was also a surgeon, was recognized as an honorary professor at Shandong Medical College in 1985.
After 1996, meetings became less publicized as the Chinese state sought to avoid inspiring other religious organizations to make similar demands for greater autonomy.
Future President of the LDS Church Russell M. Nelson reiterated in December 2012 that the church was not sending missionaries to China.
In 2013, the LDS Church launched a website presented as being for informing Chinese converts on the restrictions they will obey once they return to China.
The website confirmed that officially-approved congregations had existed in China since 2004, and reiterated the restrictions on LDS religious activity imposed by Chinese regulations.
In 2018, the LDS Church selected Chinese-American Gerrit W. Gong to be a member of the LDS Church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.
The LDS Church's lack of legal recognition in China prevents an official count of LDS Church members in China from being available.
With the explicit or implicit consent of local or national authorities, local branches possess religious materials for worship activities that may not be distributed to outsiders.
Although foreign church members may not proselytize in China, the LDS Church is able to gain believers in China by converting overseas Chinese nationals, including by sending Mandarin-speaking missionaries to Western cities with a large Chinese population.
These constrained modalities of proselytism have contributed to the creation of a small group of members that are generally well-educated and well-off.
BYU English teachers have taught at high-ranking Chinese universities, including Tsinghua University, Renmin University, Fudan University, and Jiaotong University, with more than 1,200 students per year encountering LDS teachers.
The LDS Church is not officially recognized by the national government in Mainland China, and operates under restrictions on fellowshipping and proselytism.
According to Vendassi, the legal tolerance of the LDS Church by Mainland Chinese authorities is atypical of religious movements based outside of China and can be attributed to the church's practice of engaging in quasi-diplomatic dialogue with governmental authorities and strictly following regulations on religion.
Sociologist Pierre Vendassi observed that, compared to members of Evangelical communities in China, the LDS Church's adherents in China tend to more greatly limit the visibility of their religious identity.
According to writer Robert Farley, the LDS Church is benefitted by good U.S.-China relations because it relies on converting Chinese nationals while they are overseas.
As of January 2020, the LDS Church counts 24,933 members, 1 temple, 1 mission, 6 stakes, 33 wards, and 6 branches in Hong Kong.
At the time, she thought that Ohara was merely a radio host and did not learn that she was a voice actress until later.
By the end of her first year in junior high school, she had decided to pursue a career in voice acting.
Although Takayanagi wished to pursue a voice acting career early on, she instead decided to focus on her studies due to the lack of a drama club in her school.
Rodridguez played college baseball at Modesto Junior College from 1995 to 1996 before pursuing a professional career from 1996 to 1997.
After two seasons at Modesto, Rodriguez was drafted in the 52nd round of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft by the Colorado Rockies.
Rodriguez began his professional career with the Arizona League Rockies of the rookie league Arizona League, where he batted .173 with six runs batted in.
The next year, Rodriguez started the year with the Asheville Tourists of the Class A South Atlantic League, where he would play two games before being demoted to the Portland Rockies, where he batted .264, helping the Rockies to a Northwest League championship.
On January 8, 2020, Rodriguez was promoted to interim head coach when Garko left the school to take a job with the Los Angeles Angels.
Violins: Bruce Dukov (concertmaster), Charles Bisharat, Darius Campo, Roberto Cani, Ron Clark, Kevin Connolly, Joel Derouin, Nina Evtuhov, Neel Hammond, Natalie Leggett, Robin Olson, Joel Parcman, Sara Parkins, Katia Popov, Neil Samples, Ina Veli.
Mohamed Abubakar Mohamed (born 10 January 1998) is a Somali footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Somalia national football team.
He was the son of the landowner Manuel Ignacio de los Reyes Forero and María de la Luz (Cruz) Escobar y Torres.
He was formally educated in Tunja, Boyacá, where wealthy families sent their children to school, and dedicated himself to trade between Sogamoso, Boyacá and Cúcuta, Boyacá.
When the cry of the Independence of 1810 was given and all of Spanish America rebelled against the mother country, Juan José Reyes entered to serve the armies of the First Republic participating in various war actions.
He entered the Colombian patriotic army arriving as a lieutenant in 1814, and subsequently becoming captain in 1818 , lieutenant colonel in 1819 , colonel in 1828, and general in 1852 .
Reyes-Patria served under the command of Custodio García Rovira and Antonio Baraya until the Reconquista , when he had to take refuge in Casanare and Apure with José Antonio Páez and Ramón Nonato Pérez.
He fought in Gámeza, Boyacá and Pantano de Vargas, organized by the Vargas battalion by order of Simón Bolívar and was sent to Barinas, Venezuela.
On July 11, 1819, Gámeza was the scene of one of the epics of the feat that conquered freedom for Colombians.
In the main park of the municipality there is a monument to Reyes Patria and the indigenous chieftains Gamza and Siatoba.
Reyes-Patria was military commander of Ocaña, Santa Marta, and La Guajira, and governor of Riohacha between 1821 and 1824, governor of Casanare in 1828 and fought for the federal cause in the Colombian civil wars of 1840 , 1851 , 1854 and 1860.
In the town of Corrales, Colombia, the old general and hero of the independence, changed his life as a regular revolutionary for that of a fervent Catholic dedicated to the study of the Bible and philosophy.
Reyes-Patria lived in a historical home in Corrales, which is today being converted into a genealogical museum for the people of Tundama Province.
It is located between Urbana and West Liberty near the intersection of Upper Valley Pike (County Road 14) and Lippincott Road (County Road 115), at .
Records are not clear as to when the store was built or opened, but there are no records of a Lippincott in the 1784 Atlas of Champaign County.
In 1976, he beat Davis in the semi-final of the Under-19 Snooker championship before losing to him later the same day in the billiards final.
His application to become a professional snooker player in 1980 was refused, along with that of Eugene Hughes, whilst Tony Knowles was the only one of three applicants at the time to be accepted.
The final was played as best-of-13 150-up, and it took Williamson nine hours to beat Robby Foldvari 7-3 in a match where both players were warned by the referee for slow play.
Williamson and Robby Foldvari set a record for the longest best-of-nine frame snooker match when they took seven hours and fourteen minutes to finish their match in the seventh qualifying round of the 1994 British Open in August 1993.
He then dropped in the rankings each year and last competed on the professional snooker circuit in the 1995-96 season, when he was ranked 283rd, before going on to focus on coaching.
The Mimosa Wants to Blossom Too (German: Auch Mimosen wollen blühen) is a 1976 West German comedy spy film directed by Helmut Meewes and starring Curd Jürgens, Eric Pohlmann and Horst Frank.
She was also a member of the National Serigraph Society (which is about silk screening), serving on the board of trustees from 1945 through 1952.
Van Blarcom was included in the 1947 and the 1951 Dallas Museum of Fine Arts exhibitions of the National Serigraph Society.
Additional notable venues for her works include the Elisabet Ney Museum, the Library of Congress, the Montclair Art Museum, the National Association of Women Artists, the Philadelphia Art Alliance, and the Society of Independent Artists.
James Thompson (1789–October 6, 1872) was an American surveyor based in Kaskaskia, Illinois, who created the first plat of Chicago on August 4, 1830.
Born in Abbeville, South Carolina, to Scots-Irish immigrants, he moved to Kaskaskia in downstate Randolph County in 1814 and lived in nearby Preston, Illinois, starting in 1817.
Serving as a county commissioner from 1820 to 1821, he implemented the 1820 United States Census and contemporary state census in Randolph County.
In 1830 he was hired by the Illinois and Michigan Canal Commissioners to survey the two towns at the end of the proposed canal.
The area did not extend to Lake Michigan, as the federal government then owned land occupied by Fort Dearborn on the lakeshore.
After completing his survey he returned to Randolph County and declined an offer of land in Chicago in favor of a cash payment of $300.
Upon his death in 1872 he was celebrated as one of Chicago's founders and has been commemorated at various times since.
The Daewoo BS090 Royal Midi (hangul:대우 BS090 로얄 미디) is a medium-duty single-decker bus manufactured by the South Korean bus producer Daewoo.
In April 1934, a bronze statue based in his likeness sculpted by Teru Ando was erected at Shibuya Station, and Hachikō himself was present at its unveiling.
In 1948, the Society for Recreating the Hachikō Statue commissioned Takeshi Ando, son of the original artist, to make a second statue.
The false story told a very detailed account of an elaborate theft by men wearing khaki workers' uniforms who secured the area with orange safety cones and obscured the theft with blue vinyl tarps.
Batsashvili started playing piano when she was 5 under Natalia Natsvlishvili at the E. Mikeladze Central Music School before continuing at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt in Weimar with Grigory Gruzman.
In 2014, she won the 10th Franz Liszt Piano Competition in Utrecht, after having already triumphed in the International Franz Liszt Competition for Young Pianists in Weimar in 2011.
The following year, she had received the Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli Prize and she spent the 2016-17 season as a ‘Rising Star’ of the European Concert Hall Organisation (ECHO).
It was a phreatic eruption from the main crater that spewed ashes to Calabarzon, Metro Manila, some parts of Central Luzon, and Pangasinan in Ilocos Region, resulting in the suspension of classes, work schedules, and flights.
By January 26, 2020, PHIVOLCS observed inconsistent, but decreasing volcanic activity in Taal, prompting the agency to downgrade its warning to Alert Level 3.
It was followed by an even stronger explosion by around 3pm that spew an ash column measuring 100 meters, prompting PHIVOLCS to upgrade the alert status to Alert Level 3 by 4pm.
Furthermore, Solidum confirmed that there was a magmatic intrusion that is likely the cause of the volcano's phreatic eruptions on Sunday morning and afternoon.
PHIVOLCS ordered an evacuation in the towns of Balete, San Nicolas, and Talisay in Batangas and other towns within the shores of Taal Lake.
By January 16, European satellites observed that the sulfuric acid which filled the main crater prior to the eruption had almost completely disappeared.
As of Saturday, January 25, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) have reported a total of 950 volcano tectonic earthquakes in the Taal area since the eruption, 176 of which were felt.
The strongest were a series of magnitude earthquakes originating northwest of Agoncillo, Batangas, which were recorded at least thrice: at 11:56pm on January 12, 3:11am on January 13, and 6:35am later that day.
On Wednesday, January 15, PHIVOLCS reported that the water in the main crater lake on Taal Volcano Island has drained; the lake measured 1.9 kilometers wide and above sea level.
By January 27 from 5 am until January 28, only 3 volcanic earthquakes were recorded with magnitudes 1.5 to 2.2, with no felt event.
On January 13, the provincial board of Batangas declared the province under a state of calamity following the eruption, ordering the evacuation of residents within a radius of from the volcano.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs issued a situation report stating that an estimated number of 459,300 people are within the 14-kilometer danger zone; charity organization Save the Children estimated that 21,000 of those are children.
According to the NDRRMC situational report for January 18, a total of 16,174 families or 70,413 individuals are taking shelter in 300 evacuation centers.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) also stated that there are 5,000 family food packs and sleeping kits on the way for distribution to the evacuation centers.
The DSWD and the Department of Health (DOH) handed a combined total of (US$96,656) worth of assistance to the affected residents in Calabarzon.
Interior Secretary Eduardo Año directed the governors, mayors and local chief executives of Central Luzon, the National Capital Region and Southern Tagalog to convene their disaster risk reduction and management councils and instantly activate their incident management teams, network operations centers and other disaster response teams.
The Department of the Interior and Local Government tasked the Philippine National Police (PNP) to deploy their disaster incident management task forces, reactionary standby forces and search and rescue units to the affected areas, while the Bureau of Fire Protection were tasked to assist the PNP and local government units in the mandatory evacuation of affected residents.
The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, Philippine Air Force and Philippine Navy personnel have been dispatched to help the victims of the Taal volcano eruption.
President Rodrigo Duerte, who was in Davao City during the eruption, ordered Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea to suspend classes and government work in Calabarzon, Central Luzon and Metro Manila.
Duterte visited evacuees in Batangas City on January 14 and pledged to provide financial assistance worth ($2.6 million) to the affected residents.
Concurrently, Vice President Leni Robredo visited the municipalities of Santa Teresita and San Jose, and the city of Santo Tomas in Batangas, where she helped distribute food packs and face masks to the affected residents.
Joel Villanueva urged the Department of Labor and Employment to issue an advisory that would guide private firms in the affected areas on deciding whether their operations should continue, considering the health and safety of its employees.
Imee Marcos urged the DOH and the Barangay Health Volunteers to prioritize providing clinical audits to all evacuees for them to easily access medical health care.
Francis Pangilinan urged the Department of Agriculture to provide long-term funding assistance and initiate alternative livelihood programs for the affected farmers and farmworkers.
Pangilinan also urged the establishment of refuge areas for the pets of evacuees, as well as rescued stray animals from the affected areas.
Nancy Binay and Risa Hontiveros called on the DOH and DSWD to include N95 masks, the prescribed mask for cases of volcanic ash, and other protective equipment in the provision of relief goods.
Hontiveros also urged the DOH to provide mental health services, such as access to therapists, to victims who may have been traumatized by the disaster.
On January 16, Cavite-based Senator Bong Revilla participated in the distribution of relief goods in several towns of his home province, which had been placed under a state of calamity.
Sherwin Gatchalian urged the Philippine Congress to pass an additional budget of ($196.4 million) to the nation's existing calamity budget, as at least ($687.9 million) is at stake from the damages caused by the eruption.
In the Philippine House of Representatives, House Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano (Pateros–Taguig) directed Leyte 4th district representative Lucy Torres Gomez, chairperson of the House Committee on Disaster Management, to collaborate with other relevant committees, government agencies and urban planning experts in composing a short-term and long-term comprehensive rehabilitation plan for the affected areas.
Cavite 4th district representative Elpidio Barzaga Jr. filed House Resolution 643, ordering the House to conduct an investigation on the lack of warning from PHIVOLCS regarding the imminent eruption.
House Majority Leader Martin Romualdez (Leyte 1st district), however, defended PHIVOLCS by implying the difficulty in predicting the occurrence of volcanic eruptions.
Senator Grace Poe and Albay 2nd district representative Joey Salceda pushed Congress to immediately pass the Department of Disaster Resilience (DDR) Bill to create the said department, an executive department responsible for disaster response and emergency management.
Poe illustrated that the DDR would place the existing NDRRMC under its organizational structure and create three new bureaus (disaster resiliency, disaster preparation and response, and knowledge management and dissemination).
The provincial government of Pampanga has sent aid, totaling in 8,500 food packs, plus teams of medical personnel, social workers, and search and rescue personnel for deployment.
In addition, city governments across Metro Manila have also contributed aid, ranging from in-kind donations, toiletries, food packs, N95 masks and others.
Other local governments soon pitched help, including the provincial governments of Quirino and Bulacan, which donated food packs and medical supplies..
The proceeds for participating in the event would be forwarded to the Philippine Red Cross for donations to the eruption victims.
The University of the Philippines will open its own map data of the volcano from 2014 to 2017 through its UP Training Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry to the public to speed up the rehabilitation of the affected areas.
Demand for N95 masks increased rapidly, with some stores inflating its prices to ($3.95) a piece from the standard –40 ($0.49–0.79).
The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) dispatched teams to monitor and observe the movement of retail prices in the market and warned businesses against raising the prices for higher profit margins.
After DTI inspection, Trade Undersecretary Ruth Castelo commented that some medical establishments were selling 'fake' N95 masks, some of which are not medical-grade, and could still let in large foreign air particulates.
Due to the outcome of surprise inspections and consumer complaints, DTI has imposed notices of violation to 12 of the 17 stores that were inspected in Bambang, Manila, citing that these businesses will be charged with administrative and criminal cases for violating the Consumer Act.
Manila Mayor Isko Moreno threatened to revoke the permits of medical supplies chains in the city involved in the price hike of face masks.
Mercury Drug, a major pharmaceutical chain, pledged to replenish supply for the masks where prices would remain steady and that it would not hoard the supply.
The Department of Agriculture (DA) reported that the damage to crops caused by the eruption are estimated to be ($60.1 million), covering that includes 1,967 animals.
Fisheries in the Taal Lake, consisting of about 6,000 fish cages to capture a total of 15,033 metric tons of fish, suffered losses of ($31.4 million).
Pineapple plantations in the Cavite towns of Amadeo, Silang and General Trias lost 21,079 metric tons of pineapple worth ($10.4 million).
Rice crops in of fields across Calabarzon were lost, amounting to ($109,985), while 5,329 metric tons of corn placed losses at ($1.7 million).
The Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation reassured around 1,200 farmers and fishermen in Batangas that they are insured of a three-year zero-interest survival and recovery loan worth ($494.13) each, to be provided by the Mount Carmel Rural Bank.
The DA plans to distribute materials and mechanisms for crop and livestock intervention worth ($3.1 million), which includes 5,000 coffea mother plants and 1,000 cocoa bean seedlings from the Bureau of Plant Industry, to 17 local government units in Batangas.
The Philippine Carabao Center and National Dairy Authority delivered of corn silages and of rice straws, a total of of dietary fiber, to Batangas.
Through a combination of ash, sand, cement and discarded plastic waste, around 5,000 bricks are manufactured a day and are used to rebuild houses and other buildings that were damaged by the eruption.
Biñan Mayor Arman Dimaguila formally instructed residents in the city to help gather ashes and deliver it to the local brickworks.
Water concessionaire Manila Water, in cooperation with Batangas Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, sent a convoy of 30 water tankers to various evacuation centers in Batangas.
On January 12, 2020, the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) suspended all flights to and from all terminals of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila following the eruption due to the various hazardous effects of volcanic ash on flight safety.
A number of international flights bound for NAIA were diverted to either Clark International Airport in Angeles, Mactan–Cebu International Airport, Haneda Airport in Tokyo, Hong Kong International Airport, or Antonio B.
The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines advised the Luzon International Premiere Airport Development Corporation to suspend flights at Clark International Airport as reports indicate that ash could reach the area.
At the Mactan–Cebu International Airport (MCIA), only 25 domestic flights (all bound for NAIA) and one international flight were canceled, all of which were on January 14.
Retail stores and food concessionaires at the airport terminals immediately restocked their supply and offered discounts for passengers, available from January 12 to 14.
Collegiate leagues, the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) postponed games to be held in Metro Manila on January 13, 2020 due to ash fall.
The AFC Champions League match between Ceres–Negros and Shan United scheduled for January 14, 2020 at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila was threatened to be postponed due to ash fall the day before but match officials decided that game should push through.
The Philippine government, while it said that it would accept any international aid, has stated that it will not actively seek for foreign aid believing that it still has the capability to deal with the Taal volcano eruption.
The China Coast Guard donated 600 pieces of N95 masks, food packs, and other relief goods to evacuees in Batangas through the Philippine Coast Guard.
The United States Agency for International Development and its Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, through the U.S. Embassy in the Philippines, is providing thermographic cameras and remote technical support to assist the Philippine government in monitoring Taal's volcanic activity.
The Singapore Red Cross on their part relayed about S$67,000-worth of humanitarian aid to support the operations of their Philippine counterpart.
American comedian Dave Chappelle, who visited Manila during the eruption, donated ($19,671) to the relief efforts for the eruption victims through the Rayomar Outreach Foundation.
The European Union, through its Acute Large Emergency Response Tool (ALERT), has donated () in humanitarian aid which includes emergency shelter, psychosocial support services including child protection services and essential household items.
The NHS Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) is a nationally-operated health clinic specialising in working with children with gender identity issues, including gender dysphoria.
Although based at a Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust site, it is commissioned by NHS England and takes referrals from across the United Kingdom.
It is the only clinic for gender identity for children under 18 in the UK, and as a result is the subject of much controversy.
In 1948, with the creation of the NHS, the Tavistock Clinic launched its children’s department, which developed many works by Robertson and Bowlby on attachment theory.
In 2018 the parents of patients complained in a letter to the Trust board about the ‘fast-tracked’ nature of the services.
Alongside this, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) announced a £1.3 million grant for a study following young people referred to GIDS, to compare mental and physical health outcomes for children referred.
In October 2019, a lawsuit was launched against GIDS by a mother of a patient at GIDS and a nurse who formerly worked there.
Children who present may identify with a number of different labels, including non-binary, transgender, genderqueer, questioning or otherwise as simply dysphoric or gender non-conforming.
As the only gender identity clinic for children in the UK, the service has been the subject of much controversy related to the broader topic of gender dysphoria and transitioning in childhood.
Conversely, there is a long wait time for a first appointment at GIDS, averaging at two years as of January 2020.
A”, a mother of a 15-year-old patient with autism, and Sue Evans, a former nurse at the Leeds GIDS satellite site.
Olufunke Adeboye is a Nigerian Professor of Social History at the Department of History and Strategic Studies, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Adeboye's research interests include: gender in Africa, pre-colonial and colonial Nigerian history, nineteenth and twentieth century Yoruba society, African historiography, and Pentecostalism in West Africa.
In 2013, she won the Gerti Hesseling Prize awarded by AEGIS (Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies) for the best journal article published in a European African Studies journal by an African scholar.
She started her teaching career as an Assistant Lecturer at Ogun State University (now Olabisi Onabanjo University), Ago Iwoye, Nigeria in 1991.
In 1999, she crossed over to the then Department of History of the University of Lagos as a Lecturer I, rising through the ranks until she was appointed a full Professor in March 2011.
She has held Visiting Research Fellowships at the Centre of West African Studies, University of Birmingham, UK (2004); the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Amherst College, USA (2006); and at the Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge, UK (2009/2010).
She was the Head of the Department of History and Strategic Studies, University of Lagos, from August 2013 to July 2016.
She was also a member of the country's Presidential Advisory Committee on National Dialogue set up in 2013 to provide the template for the 2014 National Conference.
Adeboye has authored scores of brilliant scholarly articles in different top-tier, peer-reviewed journals domiciled in various academic institutions across the globe.
Adeboye is a member of the following professional organisations: Association of African Historians, Historical Society of Nigeria, Society for Pentecostal Studies, Cleveland TN, USA; African Studies Association, North America; Canadian Association of African Studies; Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA); Nigerian Academy of Letters (NAL); and Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP).
Bast (foaled January 19th, 2017 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2019 Del Mar Debutante Stakes.
On November 1st, 2019, she competed in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies, where she came in third place behind British Idiom and Donna Veloce.
She finished out her 2019 season with a third Grade-1 victory, this time at the December 7th, 2019 Starlet Stakes, besting rival Donna Veloce.
In July 1952, he studied, then taught, at Renmin University of China, he served in several posts there, including instructor, professor, doctoral supervisor, and vice-president.
In August 1989, he was appointed president of Peking University, replacing Ding Shisun, who did not prevent students of Peking University from joining the Tiananmen Square protests.
When his term ended, he continued to serve as a professor, honorary director of the Council and president of Education Foundation at the university.
In 2014 she won the bronze medal in the women's freestyle 75 kg event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games held in Glasgow, Scotland.
Four years later at the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia she won the silver medal in the women's freestyle 76 kg event.
She also represented Nigeria at the 2019 African Games and she won the gold medal in the women's 76 kg event.
In 2019 she also competed at the World Beach Games where she won the gold medal in the women's +70 kg beach wrestling event.
A lolly scramble is a children's party game common in New Zealand and Australia, in which an adult throws fistfuls of lollies into the air while the children 'scramble' to catch them or gather them from the ground.
Lolly scrambles were first held at picnics and parties, but by the 1930s had grown popular at galas, cinemas, ice skating rinks, and annual Santa Parades.
This may be a parent at a small party, the principal at a school gala, or Santa at a Santa Parade.
The adult then throws lollies into the air, in different directions so that all children have a chance to gather lollies.
When all the lollies have been claimed, adults may encourage the more successful children to share with less successful (especially younger) children.
In an early variant, lollies were attached to the suit of the adult, and children snatched the lollies off as he ran.
Hygiene was raised as a concern by parents when unwrapped sweets were distributed by dirty hands and landed on 'polluted' ground.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
In 1978, Green started his career as a peace officer and a deputy sheriff with Harris County Sheriff's Office in Texas, until 1986.
On November 6, 2018, Green won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 2, seat B.
Her third race and final race of the 2019 season took place on November 1st, 2019, where she finished a disappointing fifth place at the 2019 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies.
In 2018 and 2019 she won the bronze medal in the women's freestyle 65 kg event both at the 2018 World U23 Wrestling Championship and 2019 World U23 Wrestling Championship.
Hugh Carson Cutler (8 September 1912, Milwaukee, Wisconsin – 12 September 1998, Topeka, Kansas) was a plant taxonomist, economic botanist, plant collector, and pioneer of paleoethnobotany.
After completing his Ph.D. in 1939 he went with Norman Nevills on one of the first commercial river-running trips down the Colorado River.
Influenced by Cárdenas, Cutler studied the food production and preparation methods used by the Aymara and Quechua Indians of the Cochabamba Valley and the Lake Titicaca basin.
From 1943 to 1945 he was on leave on absence from Harvard University and did his war service working for the Rubber Development Corporation under the auspices of the Board of Economic Warfare.
In 1953 Cutler resigned from the Field Museum of Natural History to become Curator of Economic Botany at the Missouri Botanical Garden.
The Mysteries of Paris (French: Les mystères de Paris, Italian: I misteri di Parigi) is a 1957 French-Italian drama film directed by Fernando Cerchio and starring Frank Villard, Yvette Lebon and Jacques Castelot.
Born in the state of Paraná, in the city of Paranavaí, son of Sebastião and Anizia Canuto, Canuto is graduated in Computer Engineering at University of Campinas (Unicamp) and in Laws at Brasilia Universitary Center (UniCEUB).
Besides that, he also worked at Secretariats of Civil Aviaion and General Secretariat of the Presidency, besides Civil Aviation National Agency.
Appointed in 28 November 2018 by President-elect Jair Bolsonaro, Gustavo Canuto took office as Minister of Regional Development after the president was sworn in.
Heading the Ministry of Regional Development, administrating a budget between R$ 6 and 8 billion (between US$ and US$ ), Canuto pronounced support the union of the Ministries of National Integration and Cities.
The minister, who is not member of any party, had assumed a technical and dialogical position in the leading of questions about the Ministry.
Besides being less known, the politician had worked, specially, with Governors and Mayors of the Northeast region, aiming the structural and urban development of the locations, as well as the reduction of regional inequality.
After the first months of Bolsonaro administration, it was announced in the beginning of May the return of the two Ministries fused that originated the Ministry of Regional Development, due to the overload of the demands over the Ministry and the partisan pressure over the government.
With that, Gustavo Canuto had his name confirmed for the Ministry of National Integration, facing internal resistance due to the expectative of the Congress about the appointing of a new leader for the Ministry by the Federal Senate.
The measure of dismembering was put as an act of building of the parliamentary base of the President, aiming the support for the administrative and social security reforms.
After days of negotiation, the current Ministry was kept due to the approval of Provisional Measure 870/2019 by the Senate and the sanction of Bolsonaro.
In 2019 she also won the silver medal in the women's freestyle 72 kg event at the 2019 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.
The 2019–20 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team represent University of Idaho in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Wildcats, led by 14th-year head coach Randy Rahe, play their home games at the Dee Events Center in Ogden, Utah, as members of the Big Sky Conference.
The Wildcats finished the 2018–19 season 18–15 overall, 11–9 in Big Sky play to finish in a three-way tie for 4th place.
In the Big Sky Conference tournament, they defeated Portland State in the quarterfinals, before falling to top-seeded Montana in the semifinals.
The character is the mother of Hendrix Greyson (Benny Turland), and arrives in Erinsborough to help with his rebellious behaviour, which resulted in him stealing a nude photo of his stepmother Chloe Brennan (April Rose Pengilly).
Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy reported that Lisa's introduction would also test Pierce and Chloe's marriage, as she asks Pierce to father another child with her.
It was later confirmed that Zenin is linked to an illegal fight ring that Ned was involved with in late 2019.
His primary school education was at the Goaso Local Authority primary and middle schools, completing his Middle School Leaving Certificate examinations in the late 1960s.
His secondary education was at the Konongo Odumase Secondary School where he obtained his GCE Ordinary Level and GCE Advanced Level certificates.
He later served as an Appeals Court judge prior to being appointed a Supreme Court Judge by the President of Ghana John Kufuor in June 2008.
In 2013, Baffoe-Bonnie was on the panel of Supreme Court Judges who ruled against a petition brought before it where the New Patriotic Party asked for about four million votes to be scrapped for alleged tampering in the 2012 Ghanaian general election.
Her graduation ceremony reports were tainted by the fallout of the Election petition results earlier in 2013 He has a brother, Kwasi Sainti Baffoe-Bonnie, who owns Network Broadcasting Company Limited which run Radio Gold FM in Ghana.
2018 National Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 7 February 2019 across all seven provinces to form the first National Assembly since the adoption of the new constitution in 2015.
According to Article 86 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, the members of the National Assembly are elected every six years through an electoral college.
The electoral college consists of members of the provincial assembly and Chairperson/Mayor and Vice Chairperson/Deputy Mayor of the local bodies within the state.
Each provincial assembly members vote has a weight of forty eight whereas each Chairperson/Mayor/Vice Chairperson/Deputy Mayor vote has a weight of eighteen.
The electoral college elects 56 members to the National Assembly and three members, including one woman, are nominated by the president on the recommendation of the Government of Nepal.
The title Apostolic Delegate to Equatorial Guinea is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Cameroon; he resides in Yaounde.
Pope Paul VI established the Apostolic Delegation to Equatorial Guinea in 1971 and Pope John Paul II created the Apostolic Nunciature to Equatorial Guinea on 28 December 1981.
Archbishop Nestor (, seculaк name Yevgeny Yuryevich Sirotenko, ; born 4 September 1974, Moscow) is Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop of Madrid and Lisbon.
During 2010-2018, he was Bishop of Chersonesus, responsible for the administration parishes of the Moscow Patriarchate in France, Switzerland, Spain and Portugal.
In 1991-1995 he studied at Faculty of Informatics of the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives (now Russian State University for the Humanities).
At the same time, he was an altar boy in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in the village of Peredelkino.
March 28, 1998, Archbishop Eugene (Reshetnikov) of Vereya, rector of the Moscow Theological Academy, tonsured him a monk with the name Nestor in honor of the saint Nestor the Chronicler.
In 2000, he was sent to study at the St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute in Paris, and was under the pastoral responsibility of the Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe (then subordinated to Patriarchate of Constantinople).
In 2001, he was appointed by Archbishop Sergius (Konovalov) of Evkarpia as rector of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in the city of Asnières-sur-Seine, France.
In 2004 he graduated both from the St. Sergius Theological Institute and, as an external student, from the Moscow Theological Academy.
On 25 March 2004, by decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was placed at the disposal of the Archbishop Innocent (Vasilyev) of Chersonesus for appointment to the pastoral Ministry.
10 May of the same year, he was appointed acting rector of the Church of the Three Saints Hierarchs in Paris.
In February 2008, Archbishop Innocent of Chersonesus was appointed head of the working group of the diocese of Chersonesus for the construction of a new cathedral in Paris.
On August 28, 2010, in the Dormition Cathedral, Moscow, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia elevated him to the rank of Archimandrite.
On September 4 of the same year, at the Patriarchal residence in Chisty Lane, Moscow, Archimandrite Nestor was nominated as Bishop of Caffa, vicar of the diocese of Chersonesus.
On September 5, in the Cathedral Church of Christ the Saviour, he was consecrated Bishop of Caffa, vicar of the diocese of Chersonesus.
On December 24, 2010 the Holy Synod appointed him as ruling hierarch to the Diocese of Chersonesus with the task of managing the Parishes of the Moscow Patriarchate in Italy.
On 16 July 2013 by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church he was released from the management of parishes of the Moscow Patriarchate in Italy.
This was her only win of the 2018 season, after a disappointing fourth place finish at the Grade-1 2018 Cotillion Handicap.
Her 2019 season was limited to only three races, with her only victory being at the Grade-3 Bed O' Roses Invitational Stakes.
Hillis held a post-doctoral appointment at the University of New Brunswick, before joining the botany faculty at Ohio State University in 1964 (she transferred to the zoology faculty in 1972).
She spent the majority of her adult years in Córdoba, Spain, where she trained in ceramics and developed her career as an artist and instructor.
In 1968, at age 23, she travelled to Córdoba, as she had a friend moving to the city and an interest in cordovan leather.
She developed a relationship with the nearby archaeological site, Medina Azahara, and conducted research on the pottery of the Caliphate, incorporating elements of the style into her own work.
Yanase participated in a number of solo exhibitions throughout her career, both in Spain (in Córdoba, Madrid, Málaga, and Seville) and internationally (including Pusan National University, Korea, and Fukuoka Art Gallery, Japan).
She participated in group exhibitions in Spain and internationally, including shows at Kaohsiung Museum in Taiwan and the Cervantes Institutes in Japan, Belgium, and Morocco.
Yanase designed a monument to Juan Díaz de Moral in Bujalance; she also designed the poster for the 2016 May Festival.
Edwin Summerhayes (1868–1944) was an Australian architect, founding member of the West Australian Institute of Architects, and a major in the 44 Infantry Battalion, serving in France from 1916 to 1917.
He married Florence May Camm in Victoria in 1896, but had returned to Coolgardie by 1897, the year their son Reginald was born.
Within Coolgardie Summerhayes designed buildings such as the Turkish Baths, the Jewish Synagogue, the Presbyterian Church, the Mechanics Institute and the Exhibition Building, but became known for his homestead and villa designs, which were built across Western Australia.
He served as a major in the volunteer forces 11th Infantry Regiment in 1911, and in the 44 Infantry Battalion, deployed to France from 1916 to 1917.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
At the 2019 World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan she won one of the bronze medals in the women's freestyle 57 kg event.
She also won one of the bronze medals in the women's freestyle 55 kg event at the 2017 World Wrestling Championships held in Paris, France.
Josh Williams Motorsports (also sometimes known as Josh Williams Racing and formerly known as Williams-Gosselin Racing) is a team that currently competes in the ARCA Menards Series, fielding the No.
The team also competed in one NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series race in 2014 at the spring Martinsville race.
The team, under the name Josh Williams Racing, debuted in 2010 in the ARCA Racing Series in the series' first and only race to-date at Palm Beach International Raceway.
In 2015, Josh Williams Motorsports ran their first full season in the ARCA Series, with Williams driving the car in all races except for Chicago, where Cunningham Motorsports asked him to drive their No.
It was a successful year for the team, as they picked up six top-5 finishes and fourteen top-10's, and also sponsorship from Musselman's Applesauce for select races.
After the team and Williams ran their first full seasons in ARCA in 2015, for 2016, they were able to hire a full-time crew chief for the first time, Daniel Johnson.
Williams himself again was set to compete in all races that season, but this changed when Williams stepped out of the driver's seat for Michael Lira to drive at DuQuoin.
In 2017, Williams did not return full-time, and moved to the Xfinity Series to run part-time for former team partner Mario Gosselin's team, King Autosport, in the No.
The reason for the number switch was because it was throwback weekend, and their paint scheme honored Bob Fields, who used the No.
On January 3, 2020, Ryan Vargas announced that he would be driving the car at the series' testing at Daytona the following weekend.
Williams revealed on January 19, 2020 that his team would be running a part-time schedule in 2020 in ARCA with various drivers and sponsors to be determined.
Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark which is physiographically a part of the continent of North America.
At present, the country hosts 13 honorary consuls and one fully staffed consulate general, via Iceland's diplomatic post in the capital city of Nuuk.
The United States, which, alongside the European Union and Iceland, is host to a Greenland Representative Office, plans to reopen a Nuuk consulate general in 2020.
The 2020 Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao season is the 67th year in Guangzhou Evergrande's existence and its 53rd season in the Chinese football league, also its 31st season in the top flight.
Born in Los Angeles, California, Leupp holds an Associate of Arts - AA degree in Business from Glendale Community College (2007 – 2009).
He played in the National Football League for Philadelphia Eagles and also in the Arena Football League for the Dallas Texans.
He played college football at East Texas State University (now Texas A&M University-Commerce) where he was a 4 year letterman, 2 time All Lone Star Conference performer, Conference Champion, member of 2 National quarterfinalist teams, and finished his career as a top 10 receiver in program history in receptions and receiving yards.
He played high school football under Allen Wilson at Paris High School where he was 3rd team All-State, 1st team all district, 1st team all Red River Valley in football and also all state in Track.
Despite a stellar high school career, Minor was only shown marginal interest by major college programs such as Louisiana Tech University and Tulsa University.
Minor was planning to join the United States Military after high school, however his High School Track coach talked to coaches at East Texas State in Commerce, Texas.
Minor was invited to try out for the East Texas State team walked on to the Lion football team and was awarded a football scholarship before the 1988 season.
Minor played as a true freshman during the 1988 season for East Texas where he caught 3 passes for 48 yards.
In that year, the Lions had their first winning season under Coach Eddie Vowell and finished 8-3 and were ranked as high as # 2 in the nation, before losing their final two games.
During the regular season, he finished 3rd on the team in receiving as he caught 18 passes for 416 yards and 5 touchdowns.
The Lions defeated Grand Valley State in the first round and finished as National Quarterfinalists, bowing out to Pittsburg State, finishing 7th in the country.
He caught the game winning touchdown against Texas A&M-Kingsville that gave the Lions their first road win over the powerful Javelinas since 1982.
In 1992, Minor was named team captain and had his best statistical season as a Lion as he caught 40 passes for 731 yards and 5 touchdowns.
He was named First team All-Lone Star Conference and helped led the Lions to an 8-3 record and a # 14 final ranking.
Minor had impressed his position coaches but an injury derailed his hopes to make the final roster and he was released before the preseason games started.
He also contributes as a writer to a Texas A&M-Commerce fan blog called The Lion Wire and coaches youth sports in Sherman.
Patience Darton (married name: Patience Edney; 11 August 1911 in Orpington, England – 6 November 1996 in Madrid, Spain) was a British nurse and political activist active during the Spanish Civil War.
Darton was born into a middle class family and hoped to study medicine, but her father's bankruptcy led her to work as a nanny and in a tea shop while saving up for the admissions fees into a nursing program.
She arrived in Spain in February 1937 and worked in medical units at medical units in Aragón, Brunete, Teruel and Ebro.
Despite working in difficult conditions (including a hospital inside a cave during the Ebro offensive), Darton re-diagnosed incorrectly diagnosed patients, saving them with correct treatment.
Darton married British Communist Party official (and Brigade member) Eric Edney; the newlyweds traveled to China in 1949 to assist with the transition to socialism, but faced complications in their political task and were jailed for some time.
In November 1996, Darton traveled with other former International Brigade members to Madrid to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Spanish Civil War, where they received honorary Spanish citizenship.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his twentieth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
After the season, the Terriers left the Metropolitan Collegiate Conference and would play as Independents from 1968 until 1981, before joining the ECAC Metro Conference.
Leonardo Ventura Jesus Chão (born 1 August 1999) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for the club Vitória Setúbal in the Primeira Liga.
Chão made his professional debut with Vitória Setúbal in a 3-1 Primeira Liga loss to Sporting CP on 11 January 2020.
The 2020 iHeartRadio Music Awards will be held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on March 29, 2020, and will be broadcast live on Fox.
The most nominations artists are Billie Eilish and Shawn Mendes with seven nominations, followed by Taylor Swift and Camila Cabello with six nominations each.
In 2019 at the Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2019 held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia she won the gold medal in the women's 53 kg event.
Junkung, also spelled jungkung or jungkong, is a small wooden motorized boat used by Tausug, Sama-Bajau, and Yakan people of the Philippines.
It is a fast cargo ship and is commonly used as a smuggling vessel in the maritime borders of the Philippines, Sabah, Malaysia and Eastern Indonesia.
Altamont (previously known as Altamont Hill or Altamont Park) is an unincorporated community in Steubenville Township, Jefferson County, Ohio, United States.
In 1899, the Steubenville, Mingo & Ohio Valley Traction Company (later the Steubenville & Wheeling Traction Company) built an electric street railroad from Steubenville to Brilliant and Mingo Junction going over Altamont Hill (with a station in the Atlamont community).
The Altamont line was rarely used though, due to the high grade, and after seven years was abandoned in favor of a lower grade junction that was built around the hill.
However, Bruneian representative Aziz Harun withdraw from the show to pursue his studies abroad and she was safe to compete the following week.
This page shows the record between Western Sydney Wanderers FC and their A-League opposition since they started playing in the 2012–13 A-League season.
Eric Pollard, (born March 21, 1980) known professionally as Actual Wolf, is an American singer-songwriter and instrumentalist best known for his instrumental work in Retribution Gospel Choir, Sun Kil Moon, Low and as the leader and songwriter for his eponymous band Actual Wolf.
Eric Michael Pollard was born on March 21, 1980 and raised in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, which is located in the Iron Range region of the state.
All three of his immediate family members are musical, though he is the only one who has pursued music as a profession.
Eric Pollard would adopt the professional name Actual Wolf while rebuilding his personal and professional life following a felony arrest for selling marijuana.
RGC, which had begun as a collaboration between Low guitarist & songwriter Alan Sparhawk and Red House Painters & Sun Kil Moon founder Mark Kozelek (who left early in the band's history) were signed to Sub Pop.
Eventually he was able to plead these charges down to an extended probation, but the effects of these charges took him off the road and forced him to move back to his home town and reevaluate his future as a musician.
This led to a residency at the Turf Club and a show on the main stage at the famed First Avenue in Minneapolis.
While in Nashville Eric Pollard aka Actual Wolf returned to his roots as an instrumental sideman, touring and recording with the likes of Nikki Lane and JP Harris.
Shortly afterwards Actual Wolf relocated to Oakland California to pursue work in the burgeoning legal medical marijuana industry while still continuing his songwriting/musical career.
It was there that he began to assemble a regular full-time touring band, eventually recruiting Bay Area lead guitarist Misisipi Mike Wolf, pedal steel player Ian Taylor Sutton, keyboardist Kirby Hammel (formerly a touring member of Sun Kil Moon, drummer Andrew Griffin (Cake, Camper Van Beethoven) and bassist Ted O'Connell.
Oh My Kadavule () is an upcoming 2020 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Ashwath Marimuthu on his directorial debut.
The film stars Ashok Selvan, Ritika Singh and Vani Bhojan in the lead roles, While Sha Ra and M. S. Bhaskar act in the supporting roles.
Vani Bhojan made her feature film acting debut through this project while Vijay Sethupathi was roped in to play an extended cameo role.
Tomás Pais Neto Sarmento Castro (born 13 March 1999) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belenenses SAD.
The Grand Mosque of Fes el-Jdid is the historic main Friday mosque of Fes el-Jdid, the royal city and Marinid-era citadel of Fes, Morocco.
It was most likely founded in 1275-76, around the same time that the city itself was founded, making it the oldest mosque in Fes el-Jdid.
The mosque was founded around 1276 by the Marinid sultan Abu Yusuf, around the same time he founded the new royal city Fes el-Jdid.
Fes el-Jdid was created as a fortified city and palace complex, separate from Fes el-Bali (old Fes), from which the Marinid dynasty ruled over Morocco.
However, it does not appear to have developed into a major center of learning, and instead the most prestigious madrasas remained the al-Qarawiyyin and the other Marinid madrasas later built in Fes el-Bali.
Though not fully confirmed, it is widely believed that Sultan Abu Inan was buried in a tomb adjoining the mosque upon his death in 1358.
Up to that point they had been buried in the necropolis of Chellah but after this they were buried instead on the al-Qula Hill north of Fes (whose ruins are now known as the Marinid Tombs).
Scholars believe it is much more likely that this refers to an embellishment or refurbishment of the mosque, as the mosque's layout does not suggest it was significantly altered or that construction was interrupted and completed at a later date.
However, it seems likely that in this case the second gate was designed to give direct access to a walled-in gallery section in the northeastern corner of the courtyard which was reserved for women coming to pray.
The mosque also had two gates on its eastern side and two more on its western side; on both sides, one gate led into the courtyard and another directly into the prayer hall to the south.
On the eastern side of the mosque, the courtyard gate was at some point blocked off by the later construction of houses next to the mosque.
From here, there was also originally a direct access to one of the courtyards of the Dar al-Makhzen (royal palace and government offices).
Like in other mosques, it has a central water bassin (formerly linked to two other fountains on either side) and is surrounded by arched galleries.
Like other standard Moroccan mosques, the prayer hall is a vast interior hypostyle space split only by rows of arches running perpendicular to the southern wall, except for an extra row of arches running close to the southern wall and parallel to it.
Of the aisles between the rows of arches, the center one, aligned with the mihrab, is slightly wider than the others and is emphasized with added stucco decoration on the walls between the arches.
The square space formed by the rows of arches intersecting in front of the mihrab is distinguished by more elaborate arches with lobed or serpentine outlines (a type seen elsewhere in Moroccan and Nasrid architecture) and decorated spandrels.
This space is also further marked off from the rest of the mosque by another wooden screen with painted panels and a central door to give access, a feature not typical to most other mosques.
Between the ribs are rich arabesques carved in stucco which also form a screen allowing some light in from the outside.
At the southwestern corner of the mosque is an annex composed of a rectangular chamber and a square chamber with a dome.
Although it has not been fully identified, one of the tombs in this room is assumed to belong to Sultan Abu Inan, the Marinid ruler who also built the Bou Inania Madrasa in Fes el-Bali (among other works).
Like most Moroccan minarets, it has a square shaft with two sections: a main section rising most of the way, and then a second, much smaller square tower at its summit.
The main shaft measures 5.7 meters per side and is 22.8 meters tall (the shaft is about exactly four times as tall as it is wide).
Inside the minaret is a staircase that wraps around the central core of the tower and leads to the platform at the top of the main shaft, historically allowing the muezzin to ascend to the top for the call to prayer.
The motif on the northern and southern facades is slightly different from that on the eastern and western facades, in that the top of each rhombus is split by the start of the one above.
Except for the southern facade, the bottom of each facade has blind arches that blend into the rest of the motif above.
Above this, crowning the top of the main shaft, are saw-toothed merlons (also typical of Moroccan architecture) whose surfaces are also covered in mosaic tilework.
It is topped by a small copula which in turn is topped by a metal pole holding four bronze spheres of decreasing size.
Adjoining the southern base of the minaret, above the gallery of the courtyard, is a chamber for the muezzin which was likely added after the minaret's original construction.
Seen from the courtyard, this chamber is marked by a double-arched window, with an alabaster column between the arches, overshadowed by a carved wooden awning.
It was later held by the Mizuno clan, but in the Tenbun era (1532-1555), the castle was controlled by Oda Nobuhide.
However, after Oda Nobuhide's death, it fell into Imagawa hands with the defection of Yamaguchi Noritsugu together with Narumi Castle and Kitsukake Castle, as Yamaguchi despised Yoshimoto's son, Oda Nobunaga.
Nobunaga responded by construction of the fortresses of Maruse and Washizu in 1559, and the Imagawa responded by installing Udono Nagateru as castellan of Ōtaka.
Matsudaira Motoyasu (later known as Tokugawa Ieyasu) was sent by Imagawa Yoshimoto to assist Udono Nagateru at Ōtaka, but upon hearing word of Imagawa Yoshimoto's death at the Battle of Okehazama turned instead to recover his ancestral home at Okazaki Castle and declared his independence from the Imagawa clan.
The site of the donjon in the inner bailey is slightly elevated, and is now occupied by a Shinto shrine, the Shiroyama Hachiman-gu.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
Cláudio Rafael da Veiga Vieira Tavares (born 23 March 1997) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Aves as a rightback.
A fight between Naseem Hamed and Marco Antonio Barrera, which had been years in the making, was finally agreed upon in November 2000 for a March 3, 2000 date.
3 months prior, Hamed, who had held the WBO featherweight title for nearly five years and had successfully defended it 15 times, decided to vacate the title rather than take less money to face mandatory challenger István Kovács.
Barrera was the reigning WBO super bantamweight champion and was moving up to the featherweight division for the first time and, as a result, was instilled as a 3–1 underdog.
In January, the planned March 3rd date was scrapped and instead the fight was announced to be taken place on April 7th instead in order for both fighters to finalize their contracts.
Hamed, who was making his American pay-per-view debut, was guaranteed a purse of $6 million while Barrera would earn $2 million.
Hamed, who had not expect Barrera to take this approach, had trouble landing any offense as Barrera circled away and landed many counter-punches whenever Hamed attempted to engage him.
In the 12th and final round, Barrera briefly abandoned his approach an began aggressively attacking Hamed before reverting back to his previous tactic.
During one such encounter, Hamed missed Barrera with a wild left hook leading to Barrera to lock Hamed into a full-nelson and drill his head into the turnbuckle, for which Barrera was deducted a point.
However, the lost point would have no bearing on the result as Barrera would earn a unanimous decision victory with two scores of 115–112 and one score of 116–111.
Hamed held a rematch clause that he had to invoke within two months of this fight should he want to face Barrera in an immediate rematch.
However, the two month deadline came and went with no word Hamed or his camp and Barrera instead moved on to face Enrique Sánchez instead.
Hamed finally announced in February 2002 that he would face unknown Spanish fighter Manuel Calvo on March 23rd, though the bout was lated pushed back to May 18th.
After over a year of inactivity Hamed would beat Calvo by unanimous decision in what would prove to be the final match of his career.
Initially his manager announced plans for Barrera to return to his previous weight division of super bantamweight and defend the WBO championship still in his possession, however Barrera ultimately decided to remain in the featherweight division, which he would remain until 2004.
The Moulay Abdallah Mosque or Mosque of Moulay Abdallah is a major mosque and royal necropolis complex situated in the center of the Moulay Abdallah district in Fes el-Jdid, the historic palace-city and citadel in Fes, Morocco.
It was founded by the Alaouite sultan Moulay Abdallah (ruled intermittently between 1729 and 1757) who is buried in the adjoining necropolis along with later members of the dynasty.
It is expected to begin service in 2021 as a new station on the Blue Line and is being constructed as part of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.
The station is elevated just south of Voigt Drive and adjacent to the University of California, San Diego East Campus as well as the Preuss School, Jacobs Medical Center, and Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla.
The Bulldogs, led by 5th-year head coach Eric Konkol, play their home games at the Thomas Assembly Center in Ruston, Louisiana as members of Conference USA.
In the C-USA tournament, they defeated Florida Atlantic in the first round, before falling to top-seeded Old Dominion in the quarterfinals.
Severn Shire was abolished and split on 15 September 2004 with part of the shire was absorbed by Tenterfield Shire and the balance merged with Municipality of Glen Innes to form Glen Innes Severn Council.
Prior was born on 10 April 1835 at Mølgård in Vandborg Parish, west of Lemvig, the son of chaplain in Hundstrup Andreas Peter Prior (1805-97) and Hansine Vilhelmine Eller (1809-69).
In 1949 Prior and his elder brother were sent to Copenhagen where they lived with schoolmaster H. E. Melchior ogand attended his school (Melchiors Borgerskole).
He began an apprenticeship in J. H. Bings Etablissement in 1850 and was later educated as a book dealer abroad in 1855-59.
When in 1894 the book commission market was centralized in a united commission facility (fælles kommissionsanstalt), Prior was the only book dealer to not enter this partnership.
In 1876 he was appointed as Greek court book dealer by the Danish-born George I of Greece and in 1907 also as Danish court book dealer.
Propr's son Aage Prior (14 November 1866 - 3 February 1936) became a partner in 1900 and the sole owner of the firm in 1910.
Prior married Anna Maria Wørmer (13 February 1844 - 1 March 8.1890), a daughter of lighthouse manager Heinrich Julius W. (1805-76) and Aurelia Katrine Gesner (1811-82), on 14 August 1864 in Hønsted Church.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 4,286, out of 2,233 are males and 2,053 are females.
The population of the community in the United Kingdom Census 2001 was 538 and 537 in 2011 and also includes the villages and hamlets of Parkmill, Nicholaston and Lunnon.
This village in the heart of the Gower Peninsula is home to a brook, parish church and a National Trust abandoned limestone quarry.
There is a highly recommended two mile walk from the church through five different kinds of woods and over four small bridges following the brook past the first recorded Baptist Church in Wales (1649) ending at a Parkmill based public house.
Active during the 1930s when her plays were widely performed by Women's Institute drama groups, they focused on women, especially the experiences and concerns of rural women in New Zealand.
Set in locations such as a freezing works, a sheep station, a shack on a railway siding, and a coastal lighthouse, her plays were seen as essentially New Zealand in setting, character, and expression.
During the second half of the 20th century, Targuse’s plays slowly disappeared from repertoires, until her work received renewed attention–initially by feminist scholars–starting since the 1990s.
She worked first as a nursemaid, then at the department store Ballantynes in Timaru, where she met her future husband Alfred George Targuse (1878–1944).
She was also the inaugural winner of the Radio Record trophy, and a prize from the Chelsea Drama Club of Sydney, Australia.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 810, out of 429 are males and 381 are females.
It has an elastic modulus per pascal of 8x10, a Poisson's ratio of 0.21, and a density of 2510 kilograms per cubic meter (less dense }}than most other leaded glass).
Its high refractive index (for a leaded glass) and exceptional clarity combined with low cost have made it desirable for chandeliers, lasers, telescopes, etc.
K9 is produced in large quantities by China, which sells it at a price far below higher-quality well-known glass manufacturers such as Swarovski.
Baker Grace grew up in Weehawken, New Jersey, where she learned as a child to sing in part because of her musician father, producer and multi-instrumentalist Michael Baker.
After the second world war the brigade was re-established in Travnik and later moved to Banja Luka as the 16th Regiment.
The decision to mobilize the 16th Krajina Brigade was made after the Yugoslav government decided to intervene after the declaration of independence by Croatia.
As such, between 13 June 13 and 15 August, 1991 the brigade conducted mobilization activities and preparatory exercises were in the villages of Mašići, Han Šibić, and Berek.
As ordered, on 16 September 1991 the first elements of the brigade crossed the Sava River into the Socialist Republic of Croatia near Gradiška joining the 329th JNA Armored Brigade (later the 1st Armored Brigade).
In their first action, the soldiers of the 16th Krajina Brigade liberated the villages of Donja Varoš, Gornja Varoš, Nova Varoš and break into the Brotherhood and Unity Highway.
After a few days, the rest of the brigade crossed the Sava River and in a rush liberated settlements in the direction of Kosovac-Gornji Bogicevci, Nova Varos-Donji Bogicevci, and then the villages of Gornji Rajici, Rozdanik, Jazavica, Voćarica, Paklenica, and part of Stari Grabovac.
Under the command of then commander Milan Čeleketić, the 16th Brigade liberated 65 km2 of the territory of Western Slavonia, which was mostly inhabited by the Serbian population.
In the spring of 1992, a portion of the brigade returned to Banja Luka, and several troops were deployed to Mount Vlašić.
By the end of May 1992, a new mobilization was carried out near Mount Manjača were 1,500 new troops were added to the brigade.
In 1992, a smaller element of the brigade was deployed to the Republic of Serbian Krajina, with a larger portion deploying to Posavina to take part in Operation Corridor.
In mid-June 1992, the 16th Brigade systematically liberated villages from Doboj to Modriča (Johovac, Galići, Gornja Foča, Karamatići, Lušići, Vukovac (partially) and Živkovo Polje (partially).
In the afternoon of June 26, 1992, combatants of the 16th Brigade liberated the village of Miloševac, and a little later Captain Dmitry Zaric's 2nd Company broke through the last enemy strongholds and merged with the units of the East Bosnian Corps.
Subsequently, the 16th Brigade participated in the liberation of the Serbian territories in Posavina from 3 to 17 July 1992, liberate 13 villages (122 km2 of territory) and breaking out to the Sava River, achieving their mission as directed by VRS headquarters.
After breaking out to the Sava River, the 16th Brigade was tasked to defend the Lower Svilaj-Obodni Canal, and portions of the brigade engaged in combat operations near Ostra Luka, at the Gradačac front in order to ensure that the corridor with Serbia was not compromised.
Shortly thereafter, VRS command promoted Colonel Simić to general, appointing him commander of the Eastern Bosnia Corps of the Army of Republika Srpska.
From mid-August to early November 1992, units of the 16th Brigade, under the command of Colonel Slavko Lisica, participated in the liberation of Brod.
After the liberation of Brod, most of the brigade returned to frontline positions on the Donji Svilaj-Brusnica route, and about a month later the 16th Brigade was tasked to the Orasko front.
In late December, the 16th Brigade received Lieutenant Colonel Vlado Topić as commander, and proceeded to the Brčko front in defense of the corridor along with the East Bosnian Corps of the Republika Srpska Army, headed by their former commander Major General Novica Simić.
From the beginning of 1993 until the summer of the same year, the 16th Brigade liberated 13 populated areas and expanded the corridor between Republika Srpska and Serbia by 33 km2 (as part of Operation Cooperation).
Following the fall of a number of Krajina municipalities during Operation Maestral in September 1995, as part of Operation Vaganj, the Brigade, along with the 43rd Prijedor, 6th Sanska, 5th Kozarska, 65th Protection Regiment and other units returned 5th Corps to the river Una.
Prior to entering Bosanska Krupa, the brigade was relocated to the Manjača region, where it was tasked, in cooperation with other units (Srpska Garda, 2nd Krajina Brigade and the Special Police Brigade of the RS MUP), to suppress the 5th ARBiH Corps from Mrkonjić Grad and liberate Kljuc.
In just three days (October 3-6), the 16th Krajina arrived near Kljuc, when the General Staff decided to return the brigade to the Doboj front.
This unit's combat tour lasted 1,727 days between 1992 and 1995, where the brigade lost 437 soldiers, approximately 2,000 wounded and 11 reported missing.
The brigade was awarded the Order of Nemanjić, the highest military recognition of Republika Srpska, for its merits in the 1992-95 war.
43 of them (43/0.73 round 0%) are full-size courses with 18 holes or more, and 28 of them (28/0.73 round 0%) are smaller courses that feature at least 9 holes.
Negative partisanship refers to the tendency of some voters to form their political opinions primarily in opposition to political parties they dislike.
In other words, whereas traditional partisanship involves supporting the policy positions of one's own party, its negative counterpart in turn means opposing those positions of a disliked party.
It was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The electoral district was on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence, between Montreal and Trois Rivières, in the area now known as the D'Autray Regional County Municipality.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 1486, out of 798 are males and 688 are females.
Harun el-Raschid Bey, born Wilhelm Hintersatz (May 26, 1886 - March 29, 1963) was a German officer and SS Standartenführer, born in Senftenberg, Brandenburg (some sources claim that he was Austrian).
During the First World War, he converted to Islam while serving with the general staff of the Ottoman Empire with Enver Pasha.
In 1919, he took the name of Harun el-Raschid Bey, the name he was listed by in the Dienstalterslisten der SS.
According to one source, el-Raschid became a Turk when he was adopted by a Turkish family and was a heavy bomber pilot during the war.
He became involved with former Muslim POWs at Wünsdorf Camp after the war ended, and had served the Italian intelligence in the 1930s in Abyssinia.
After the beginning of the German invasion of Russia, el-Raschid served a liaison officer and the main line of contact between the Reich Main Security Office and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who was seen as the spiritual leader of the SS Neu-Turkestan Division.
They believed that Bosnia was the ideal place to deploy this division, as they believed that cooperation with the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) would be beneficial to the training of the division.
El-Raschid was supported in his endeavor to create a division by Prince Mansour Daoud, a relative of King Farouk of Egypt, who joined its forces and bolstered their character.
Among his choices were SS-Hauptsturmführer Quintus de Veer, SS-Untersturmführer Körber of the 5th SS Mountain Corps, Gerd Schulte, and SS-Sturmbannführer Franz Liebermann.
This division was finally deployed by order of Heinrich Himmler on October 20, 1944, and it was supposed to be dubbed the Östturkischer Waffenverband.
The division was composed mostly of soldiers from Muslim communities of the southern Soviet Union, especially the Turkmens as well as Caspian and Black Sea Tatars that felt no loyalty to the USSR.
It suffered from bad discipline and morale, and were only used to their full potential once the Germans started running into manpower problems.
1 mutinied - partially due to them being mooted for transfer to Andrei Vlasov's Russian Liberation Army, which was seen as a betrayal of their anti-Russian ideals, and el-Raschid's general incompetence and inability to interact well with his men.
In March 1945, the previously sacked el-Raschid, now leader of Waffengruppe Idel-Ural, met with the local partisans and surrendered in Merate in Northern Italy, surrendering his Tatar men under the condition that they would be treated humanely.
He decided to surrender to partisans due to the fear that surrendering to Americans would lead them to see his men as Japanese soldiers, who would be ran over with tanks.
On April 26, el-Raschid's men laid down their arms, with 150 of them being shot immediately by the partisans at Col Di Nesse.
El-Raschid and his men were later handed to the 1st Armored Division, and the Tatars were sent back to the Soviet Union, where they were either promptly shot or sent to gulags.
Members were elected in the 2020 legislative election, in which the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) retained majority status as did pan-green parties.
The Shaheen Bagh protest is an ongoing 24/7 sit-in peaceful protest, led by women, that began with the passage of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) in both houses of Parliament on 11 December 2019 and the ensuing police intervention against students at Jamia Millia Islamia who were opposing the Amendment.
Mainly consisting of Muslim women, the protesters at Shaheen Bagh, since 15 December 2019, have blocked a major highway in New Delhi using non-violent resistance for 48 days now as of 1 February 2020.
The blockade has also become a campaigning issue for the upcoming 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections; with campaigners promising that if they are voted into power, the blockade will be removed the very next hour or day of the election result.
The blocked road affects more than 100,000 vehicles a day with some 25 - 30 minute journeys taking 2 - 3 hours.
As the area is also a border point into the capital, thousands of trucks are being diverted to other border points.
The Delhi High Court refused to hear the first two pleas and on 14 January 2020 said this is a police matter.
However the leaderless nature of the protests are making it harder for the police to take action and the protesters have refused to move.
A third petition was filed on 18 January 2020, highlighting the difficulty students are facing, as well as the coming board examinations; the High Court accordingly directed the police to look into it.
The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) has asked authorities to provide counselling for children present at the protests.
However, the Act does not mention Muslims and does not offer the same eligibility benefits to Muslim immigrants or immigrants belonging to other religions.
The Act also does not mention any benefits for Muslims and others from these countries, and refugees from other countries including Sri Lankan Tamil refugees Rohingya Muslim and Hindu refugees from Myanmar, and Buddhist refugees from Tibet.
With crowds reaching as high as 100,000 on Sundays, this protest has become one of the longest sit-in protests of this magnitude of modern India.
This makes the protest very unique in the history of India; where the stage also allows those to express their doubts.
On 31 December 2019, the New Year's Eve, thousands of protesters who were camping at the venue, at midnight sung the Indian national anthem; despite Delhi was experiencing reportedly the second coldest night in the last 100 years.
However on 26 January 2020, Republic Day, expectations by the protesters of 1,000,000 people turning up at the protest were cited by the media to be false, with only less than 5000 people actually gathering.
The artwork has been made by anyone and everyone including students from Delhi University, Jamia Milia Islamia, Jadavpur University and Hyderabad Central University.
On 17 January 2020, a bus stop was converted into a library, the Fatima Sheikh-Savitribai Phule library, so that people can read books to understand Constitution, revolution, racism, fascism, oppression and various social issues.
The barricaded area has been visited by numerous politicians such as Congress leaders Mani Shankar Aiyar and Shashi Tharoor, social activist Chandrashekhar Azad and celebrities such as Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub.
On 26 January 2020, the 71st Republic Day of India, Umar Khalid and Jigesh Mevani visited the area and delivered their respective speeches.
On 21 January 2020, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), the top children rights body of India, has asked authorities to provide counselling for children present at the protests.
The Delhi High Court has refused a plea on shifting the protesters from Shaheen Bagh; the bench of the court was presided by the Chief Justice, DN Patel.
On 14 January 2020, the Delhi High court passed the buck again to the police, saying it is a traffic matter concerning the police and to deal with it according to the larger public interest.
Following this the Delhi Police have said they will look into the restrictions that have been caused because of the protesters that affects lakhs of commuters every day, including senior citizens, school children and office goers.
Governor Anil Baijal gave the Delhi Police the powers to detain anyone under the National Security Act, starting from 19 January 2020, for the next three months.
On 18 January, another petition was filed by Advocate Amresh Mathur on behalf of the Sarita Vihar Resident welfare association (RWA) for opening the road, highlighting the fact that, the board exams of school children are approaching in February and March.
A plea has also been filed in the Supreme Court of India requesting supervision of the matter so as to prevent any violence.
On 19 January 2020, the protesters at Shaheen Bagh called for a meeting in solidarity with the Kashmiri Pandits, who were the victims of the exodus in Kashmir.
They also invited two prominent Kashmiri Pandits, Inder Salim, a performance artist, and MK Raina, a theatre personality to give a speech at the gathering.
As the protest entered January, the Bharatiya Janata Party and its online supporters made claims of protesters being paid to protest.
Posters at the site were also unfurled which has asked the participants in the protest to not receive any amount of money and asked people not to bribe anyone to participate.
Two women protesters named Nafisa Bano and Shahzad Fatma sent a defamation notice to Malviya which has demanded an apology and Rs 1 crore in damages from the BJP leader.
Several BJP leaders and politicians including Yogi Adityanath, Anurag Thakur and Parvesh Verma have made hate and threatening speeches about the protestors.
The man climbed the stage at the site and threatened people to stop the agitation but later was later overpowered by protesters and neutralized.
On 1 February 2020, a Hindu fundamentalist entered the barricaded area and opened fire near the stage where people were protesting.
The incident happened just two days after another similar incident happened when a Hindu fandamentalist shot a protesting student of the Jamia Millia Islamia in the presence of Police.
On 2 February 2020, the Election Commission of India transferred the then DCP of South East Delhi, Chinmoy Biswal, citing the multiple firing incidents happened in the Jamia area which is a polling area for 2020 Delhi Election.
On 7 January 2020, a group of women residents of Park Circus, Kolkata gathered at Park Circus Maidan to voice their dissent against the CAA.
On request from the protesters the West Bengal state government provided them with tents, bio-toilets, running water and lights to continue the protest without any disruption.
The protests started with a few people participating but the crowd grew steadily and reached around 500-600 protesters as reported on 19 January.
On 12 January, a group of women started a sit-in demonstration in the market area of Patna’s Sabzibagh against the Amendment.
On the same day, inspired from the women of Shaheen Bagh groups of just 10 women began sit-in protests at the Mansoor Ali Park of Roshan Bagh, Allahabad.
Gradually, thousands of women, students and all age group of people braved rain and cold to join those 10 women to voice their resistance against the CAA and NRC through slogans, speeches and poems.
Similar protests were also demonstrated at Kanpur's Chaman Ganj, Gaya’s Shanti Bagh, Kota's Eidgah ground, Lucknow's Clock Tower and Fraser Town in Bangalore.
The blockade at Shaheen Bagh has become a campaigning issue for the Delhi Legislative Assembly election in the first week of February 2020.
Both the Chief Minister of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal and Home Minister of India, Amit Shah, used Shaheen Bagh to attack each other.
On 27 January 2020, during a election rally, Shah said that the protesters would not listen to the BJP government for removing the road block.
He said instead of doing dirty politics the top leaders of BJP must visit Shaheen Bagh to talk with the protesters and open the blockade.
Another BJP politician, Parvesh Verma made hateful and abusive comments on the protesters and claimed that the Shaheen Bagh protesters would be cleared within one hour of the results being declared on 11 February 2020.
Later Parvesh Verma, who is also the junior finance minister, was penalised by the Election Commission and BJP for his comments.
In 1928, having been invited to Turkey, he helped the Central Bank of Turkey with a report highlighting the necessity of an independent central bank not to be affiliated to the Government.
Balthazar is a French crime-thriller drama television series created by Clothilde Jamin and Clélia Constantine, broadcast in Belgium since November 20, 2018, on La Une, and, in France, since December 6, 2018, on TF1.
Raphaël Balthazar (played by Tomer Sisley), the most gifted forensic pathologist of his generation, knows how to make the dead speak.
He imagines the ghosts of the deceased people he has seen, asking them questions about how they would have died, their private lives, or what they should do.
Ángel Jeremy Márquez Castañeda (born 21 June 2000) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a Midfielder for the Mexican club named Club Atlas.
Copeland was born in Greenville, North Carolina and attended high school at Ravenscroft School in Raleigh, North Carolina and Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire.
Copeland initially played two full seasons at Georgetown but suffered a back injury in 2016, requiring surgery, resulting in a medical redshirt season.
He spent his remaining two seasons with Nebraska, but tore his ACL near the end of his senior season, resulting in missing his final games at Nebraska.
He would subsequently be reunited with Husker teammate Roby, who would be sent to the Legends on assignment from the Dallas Mavericks.
The town takes its name from Richard Holloway, a local farmer, owner of Portions 67V and 68V in the Parish of Smithfield, around 1926.
IDFT) is a Chinese idol girl group based on the Internet, which is operated by Shanghai Star48 Culture & Media Group Co., ltd. and established on .
IDOLS Ft is an idol girl group based on the Internet operated by Shanghai Star48 Culture & Media Group Co., ltd.
According to the official introduction, the members would mainly interact with their fans on social media developed by the operator itself and the third-party developers.
On January 19, 2019, Star48 announced the recombination plan of SNH48 Group, including the foundation of IDOLS Ft. All of the founding members were transferred from the other girl groups of SNH48 Group.
Currently, the girl group consists of 84 members, including 8 past members of SNH48, 14 past members of BEJ48, 10 past members of GNZ48, 26 past members of SHY48, and 26 past members of CKG48.
The nature of this girl group, as well as what its members would mainly do, has raised up large controversies by Chinese netizens.
Plus, it stated that the members would have possibilities to transfer to SNH48, BEJ48, or GNZ48 according to their performances and popularity.
His father, Larry, drove him to many basketball camps, and at age seven, Suggs flew to Dallas without his family to attend a camp.
In seventh grade, he played three games of junior varsity basketball for Minnehaha Academy in Minneapolis before moving to the varsity team.
Suggs was a starter at the varsity level as an eighth-grader, averaging 17.5 points, 4.4 steals and four assists per game.
He scored 22 points, including 15 in the second half, to win the Class 2A state championship over Crosby-Ironton High School.
In his sophomore season, he averaged 16 points, 9.2 rebounds and 3.4 assists per game, leading his team to another Class 2A state title.
As a junior, he averaged 23.3 points, 4.7 rebounds and 6.3 assists per game, winning a third straight Class 2A state championship.
In addition to basketball, Suggs played the quarterback position for SMB, a cooperative football team representing Minnehaha Academy and two other schools.
On January 3, 2020, Suggs committed to play college basketball for Gonzaga University, choosing the Bulldogs over offers from Florida, Florida State, Iowa State and Minnesota.
In football, Suggs was considered a four-star dual-threat quarterback by ESPN but is not expected to play the sport in college.
At the 2018 FIBA Under-17 World Cup in Argentina, Suggs averaged 8.7 points and 3.3 steals per game and won another gold medal.
He joined the United States at the 2019 FIBA Under-19 World Cup in Heraklion, Greece, averaging 9.6 points per game and helping his team win the gold medal.
Suggs' second cousin, Terrell Suggs, is an All-Pro linebacker and defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) and won Super Bowl XLVII with the Baltimore Ravens.
Masters W90 marathon world record progression is the progression of world record improvements of the marathon W90 division of Masters athletics.
The W90 division consists of female athletes who have reached the age of 90 but have not yet reached the age of 95, so exactly from their 90th birthday to the day before their 95th birthday.
Marathon running is not normally seeded into age divisions so all of these records were set in marathon races open to most other age groups.
He is a member of the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe and serves on the tribal council, and co-founded Cafe Ohlone, an Ohlone restaurant in Berkeley, California which serves indigenous cuisine made with native ingredients sourced from the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Areas.
Starting in 2011 he wrote a blog about his experience as an Ohlone person in the 21st Century and learning and sharing the Chochenyo language.
Heyday's Berkeley Roundhouse was formerly called the California Indian Publishing Program, and is dedicated to celebrating indigenous California culture and supporting the local Indian community.
It falls under the ISO 639-3 code for which also includes Ramaytush, Tamyen, Awaswas, and Chalon, but Medina and the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe consider it to be a distinct language.
Medina was introduced to Chochenyo as a child, but began learning the language deeply around 2010 by studying the field notes produced by J. P. Harrington, who worked with native Chochenyo speakers in the early 20th Century to document their language.
By 2012 Medina could speak Chochenyo with others, and as he became more proficient, he began teaching his younger brother their ancestor's language as well.
In 1934, the only native speaker of Chochenyo died, but in the 2000s the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe and linguists at UC Berkeley began to learn and revitalize the language, and in 2009 Northern Ohlone was reclassified from Extinct to Living by SIL International (and therefore Ethnologue and ISO).
In 2015 he was chosen to read verses in Chochenyo during the Mass at the canonization ceremony for Father Serra, and he took advantage of the opportunity which would mean hundreds of millions of people hearing the language.
Dishes include acorn soup and acorn bread, watercress and sorrel salad with berries and seeds, quail eggs, venison, chia pudding, and a variety of teas.
He graduated with a scientific high school diploma from a liceo scientifico in 1985, before enrolling in the University of Pisa as a student of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
He graduated from the Scuola Normale with an undergraduate thesis on the theory of transcendental numbers under the direction of Roberto Dvornicich in 1989.
After a one year scholarship at INdAM from 1989 to 1990, Corvaja completed his PhD under Michel Waldschmidt and Michel Laurent at Pierre and Marie Curie University in 1995.
From 1994 to 1995, he was also a research assistant at the Università Iuav di Venezia as a collaborator of Umberto Zannier.
Corvaja is the coordinator of the mathematics program and the vice director of the Scuola Superiore (School of Excellence) of the University of Udine.
Corvaja and Zannier gave a new proof of Siegel's theorem on integral points in 2002 by using a new method based on the subspace theorem.
Born on 25 July 1892 in Kristiania, Anna Caspari was the daughter of Josef Immanuel von Zezschwitz Caspari (1857–1952), an academic, and Vilhelmine Christiane Sømme (1863–1952).
Initially she worked as a teacher at high schools in Lillehammer and Oslo but from 1925 she taught social history and Norwegian at the Norwegian National Women's Council.
From 1931 to 1950, she was responsible for the one-year courses which were the only options for women wishing to work in the social sector.
Although it was initially well received by women's organizations, it was not until its republication in 1973 that it became a basic reference work for women's history in Norwegian universities.
While she emphasizes the period up to 1913 when Norwegian women first obtained the vote in national elections, she also covers more generally the struggle for equality between women and men.
Sydney Hamilton Kyle-Little (8 November 1918 – 17 August 2012) was a soldier, Aboriginal Patrol Officer in the Northern Territory, Lieutenant Colonel during the Malayan Emergency and a businessman in Asia and Australia.
Syd (junior) had a lot of exposure to aboriginals, playing and tracking with aboriginal children when very young and later when he visited his uncle who managed a cattle station at Humpty Doo, Northern Territory.
He was in Darwin at the time of the Japanese bombing and also stationed at some of the mission stations across the top of the Northern Territory being sent to Borneo, Papua and New Britain.
While in a Military Hospital at Concord at the end of WWII Kyle-Little applied for the position of Cadet Patrol Officer for the Native Affairs Branch, of the Northern Territory Administration, an Australian Federal Government agency, in Darwin.
After the Second World War, in June 1946 Syd joined the Native Affairs Branch as a Cadet Patrol Officer and Protector of Aboriginals.
He was initially assigned to Arnhem Land, which was an area with almost total control of aboriginal peoples and largely unexplored by Europeans.
Aboriginal cultural and law practices predominated thought the area except for the few mission stations around the periphery of Arnhem Land.
There had been considerable disruption to tribal society during the war and the lure of Darwin and access to tobacco and trade goods was strong.
When traveling in the wet season patrols experienced flooding and inundation of large areas, heavy rains for long periods, high humidity and an increase in biting insects like mosquitoes.
Patrolling in the dry season can mean easier walking on firm dry land, and the ability to cover greater distances more quickly, but there is the need to find fresh water for drinking.
Along the Arnhem Land coast are large tidal rivers with the tidal influence extending many kilometres inland that makes river water undrinkable.
Temperatures are almost alway hot for traveling with the mean maximum day time annual temperature being over 30C and the mean minimum night time temperature being 20C.
The local aboriginal Arnhem Land inhabitants have divided the year into 4 to 6 seasons depending on the part of Arnhem Land and the different wind and weather experienced.
Late in 1946, he met two aboriginals, Oondabund and his brother, Narlebar who were linguistically fluent in 7 of the local languages, had good English and were proficient hunters and trackers.
For Arnhem Land patrols initial transport from Darwin was typically by lugger and occasionally an aircraft to a drop off point and then using native canoes, traveling on foot and at times swimming rivers.
Kyle-Little took a 303 rifle and ammunition, a large knife, a swag of canvas, blankets and a mosquito net, a set of spare clothes, toothbrush, compass, diary and multiple cakes of soap.
After completion of his 18-month probationary period, Kyle-Little and two other cadets were sent to the University of Sydney for a six-month course in Anthropology, Criminal Law and Tropical Medicine.
With the support of the Native Affairs Branch Kyle-Little with another Patrol Officer, Jack Doolan planned to set up trading posts in 1949 for aboriginals in their own country.
The intention was to enable the indigenous people to keep their links with country, trade and thereby obtain the things they needed.
To achieve this they repaired an old auxiliary cutter, the Amity, which they restored at Doctors Gully, Darwin, and then used it to carry crocodile skins, woven baskets and trepang to Darwin for resale.
In 1981 he went to visit Maningrida with the rest of the Kyle-Little Family to visit their son Simon who was an aboriginal adviser at Maningrida.
After a change in the administration of the Native Affairs Branch that did not share his view on establishing an aboriginal enterprise, in 1950 Kyle-Little decided on a long holiday.
While there he received an invitation from the British Colonial Service to attend and be interviewed for a position as a Resettlement Officer in Malaya during the Emergency.
Kyle-Little's role as a Resettlement Officer was for the British Colonial Service and it had close ties with the British military and the Malay police.
The first major task was the creation of a secure compound village of Kebun Bahru, New Garden, Tangkak District, Johor, Malaysia.
In 1952 he was seconded to the British commanded Malayan Security Forces holding the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in their Home Guard.
He had contact with the Australian Forces participating in the Emergency and some part in the recruitment of officers for the Home Guard.
In 1957 Kyle-Little went to Singapore with his new wife and joined the corporate world, as a Manager for Wyeth International, a US pharmaceutical company.
Before taking up the post, he attended training in Manila where his first son was born and then went to live in Bangkok, Thailand as manager.
From 1779 he worked for Boulton and Watt at Bedworth Colliery in Warwickshire; Watt steam engines were used to pump water from mines.
He designed an engine in which the steam cylinder was inverted over the pump, so that there was no need for a main beam, or rocking beam, and the engine took up less space.
Boulton and Watt claimed that the engine infringed the company's patents, and the case came to court in 1793; the verdict was in Boulton and Watt's favour.
Trevithick worked on improvements to Bull's engine, while litigation continued; a further verdict in favour of Boulton and Watt came in 1799.
She is Ernest W. Goodrich Professor of Law and Director of the Human Security Law Center and Cabell Research Professor at the William & Mary Law School.
from the UC Berkeley School of Law, and a Ph.D. from Leiden University, and was a law clerk to US Supreme Court justice Anthony Kennedy.
Poggenpohl obtained an MS from the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in 1974, and first taught at the Rhode Island School of Design.
Poggenpohl is known for her work to develop graduate studies in design, through the edition of anthology and the publications of essays.
Masters M90 marathon world record progression is the progression of world record improvements of the marathon M90 division of Masters athletics.
The M90 division consists of male athletes who have reached the age of 90 but have not yet reached the age of 95, so exactly from their 90th birthday to the day before their 95th birthday.
Marathon running is not normally seeded into age divisions so all of these records were set in marathon races open to most other age groups.
Eather’s mother is an Aboriginal Traditional Owner Helen Djimbarrwala Willams and her father is artist and gallery-owner Michael Eather, who has European ancestors who arrived on the second fleet.
Her campaign group, Protect Arnhem Land, was successful in convincing the Northern Territory government to suspend the application pending agreement with the local population; further campaigning eventually led to Paltar withdrawing the application in 2016.
In 2014 she was awarded the Northern Territory Young Achiever's Environment Award for her work in preventing oil exploration of Arnhem land.
Kashmir Chamber of Commerce & Industry is a public company limited by guarantee which is incorporated or established on 26 April 1937.
After the abrogation of articles 370 and 35A in the Indian occupied Kashmir the Chamber made a statement claiming the loss of more than INR 17878 crores.
The 1968–69 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 69th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Chilla Well is a locality in the Northern Territory of Australia located about south of the territory capital of Darwin and about north-west of the municipal seat in Alice Springs.
The locality consists of the following land (from north to south) - part of the Central Desert Aboriginal Land Trust, the Mala Aboriginal Land Trust, the Yuendumu Aboriginal Land Trust and the Yunkanjini Aboriginal Land Trust.
The locality fully surrounds the locality of Yuendumu and partially surrounds the Mount Doreen Station pastoral property to the west on the property's north, east and south sides.
The Tanami Road passes through the locality from the south to the north-west via Mount Dooreen Station on its way to Halls Creek in Western Australia.
The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Chilla Well had no people living within its boundaries.
Chilla Well is located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Stuart and the local government area of the Central Desert Region.
The national Automated Facial Recognition System (AFRS) or the National Automated Facial Recognition System (NAFRS) is a facial recognition system designed to identify, track, and capture criminals in India.
The intention to establish a country-wide facial recognition system stemmed from a trial run of a facial recognition software used by the Delhi police in April 2018 to identify and rescue 3,000 missing children in four days.
Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF), a non-profit organisation based in New Delhi, filed a legal notice with the NCRB stating that the AFRS would cause digital privacy concerns for the nation's citizens.
High Street, Worthing is a road in the centre of the town of Worthing, West Sussex, running from Little High Street to The Steyne.
One of the oldest streets in Worthing, High Street was part of a droveway used across the South Downs into the Weald and probably formed the main reference point of north-south routes on Worthing's Roman grid form marking out a field system known as centuriation.
High Street formed a large part of the pre-resort settlement of Worthing and until was the main street in Worthing until the early 19th century.
Road-widening and redevelopment in the second half of the 20th century removed most of the historic buildings and street frontages along High Street.
High Street is one of only a few streets that existed in the hamlet of Worthing in the 18th century and probably much earlier.
High Street connected with Upper High Street, Little High Street and Middle Street (now North Street) which led to North Street (now the northern part of Chapel Road).
There is archaeological evidence At the southern end of High Street early Worthing had a crossroads with East Lane (now Brighton Road) and West Lane (now Warwick Street and South Street).
An army barracks was built on High Street in 1805 where a garrison was stationed in preparation for a possible invasion from Napoleon.
When Chapel Road was created in 1817 it replaced High Street as the main entrance to the town from the north.
This position was further strengthened in 1835 when Worthing's first Town Hall was built at the junction of Chapel Road with South Street and Warwick Street.
In 1832, the leader of Worthing's last smuggling gang was shot dead at point blank range whilst escaping across a narrow footbridge across the Teville Stream after customs officials chased around 200 smugglers from the seafront and up High Street.
An inquest into the incident was held at the Golden Anchor public house (today's Corner House) where the killing was found to be justified.
The fire station was moved to Broadwater in 1962 and the old Central Fire Station was demolished in 1969, after which it was replaced with Crown House, a building of the Department of Social Security (now the Department for Work and Pensions).
Winney's perpredicular-style building was used as an evangelical church from 1926 to 1988, when it became a restaurant and a bar.
In the 1960s buildings on the west side of High Street were demolished as part of plans to widen High Street into a dual carriageway.
In 2019 Worthing Borough Council announced plans to build a hotel and residential flats along the west side of High Street as part of plans to redevelop the former police station site at the junction with Union Place.
In 2020 Worthing Borough Council proposed the redevelopment of derelict buildings near Ann Street to expand the creative hub at Colonnade House.
High Street has an art gallery at each end, the Forge at the north end and Colonnade House at the south end.
There are two pubs, both by the junction with North Street - the New Amsterdam and the Corner House, and a bar in the former St James' Church.
Su Tseng-chang was announced as the 41st premier of the Republic of China by President Chen Shui-bian on January 19, 2006 and took his oath of office, along with his cabinet, on January 25, 2006.
Soon after, Su promised to step down if the people's welfare (referring to crime and other civil problems) did not improve within six months.
Su faced calls for his resignation after the Rebar Chinese Bank run, but refused to leave his post at the time.
With the resignation of Su and with ten months left in Chen's presidency, that would mean Chen's eight years as President will have seen at least six Premiers (with Chang Chun-Hsiung serving two separate tenures).
Su also stated that he previously submitted resignations numerous times over his sixteen-month tenure, but all were rejected by President Chen.
It offers online courses for subjects inside the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) for high school students in Hong Kong.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 1210, out of 675 are males and 535 are females.
The Mayura Park also has a royal residence in the sense of being occupied by the king while resting in the garden, located in what is now the Padmasana.
In 1839 a war broke out between the two kingdoms, which resulted in the defeat of Singasari, but the Mataram king was killed in action, he left 2 sons, crown prince Gde Ngurah Karangasem and Anak Agung Ketut Ngurah Karangasem.
Route 605, popularly known as the Khobar-Dammam Highway is an 87 km (54 mi) long intercity highway in the Greater Dammam area in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
The highway is generally accepted to run north-south from its southern terminus at Highway 617 in Khobar to its northern terminus, also at Highway 617, northwest of Qatif.
Highway 605 is one of the most important roads in the Greater Dammam area, as it is the only one that directly leads to King Fahd International Airport.
It then intersects Highway 610, which itself is a spur of Highway 613 and connects it to Highway 617, approximately 12.5 km into its route.
Now travelling northwest, the highway intersects Highway 615, which leads north toward the King Abdul Aziz Sea Port, approximately 15 km into its route.
As Highway 605 exits Dammam, it intersects Highway 613, popularly known as the Dhahran-Jubail Expressway and it finally exits Dammam at its intersection with Highway 95 (Mashreq M5), a major highway which travels north toward Jubail, Khafji and Kuwait.
The office of the Fourth Deputy Prime Minister is not a permanent position, existing only at the discretion of the Prime Minister.
It is a constitutional office because it is foreseen in the Constitution when it provides for the possibility of existing more than one Vice Presidency.
The office of fourth deputy prime minister does not possess special constitutional powers beyond its responsibility as a member of the Council of Ministers.
The position is regulated in the Government Act of 1997 and it only specifies that the raison d'être of the office is to replace the Prime Minister when the office is vacant, or the premier is absence or ill. Due to its order as fourth deputy prime minister, he or she would only assume this responsibility if the first, second and third deputies could not do it.
Takeuchi featured in the singles qualifying draw for the 1986 Wimbledon Championships and the doubles main draw at the 1989 Australian Open, as an alternate pairing with Hitoshi Shirato.
Most notably he led Japan to a World Group playoff win over India in 2011, which secured the team a place in the World Group for the first time since 1985.
Joseph Aslan Cattaui Pasha (1861–1942) was an Egyptian businessman and politician, who served as President of the Jewish community of Cairo from 1924 until his death in 1942.
Joseph Aslan Cattaui was born in Cairo in 1861, the fourth of eleven children of Aslan Menasce Cattaui Pasha and Grazia Benroubi..
On his return to Egypt, he briefly joined he Ministry of Public Works, before departing to Moravia, where he trained in a sugar refinery.
Back in Egypt, he became an accociate of Suarès Frères & Co., and contributed to work on the construction of the Helwan railway, the water works at Tanta, the Société des sucreries.
In 1904, he founded the Wadi Kom Ombo Company, a huge agricultural and land holding company, in collaboration with Suarès Frères, and Sir Ernest Cassel.
In 1920, he co-founded Banque Misr, with Talaat Harb Pacha, and Dr. Fuad Sultan Bey, and joined its board of directors.
In 1915, he was elected as member of the legislative assembly, and continued in his mandate until the assembly's dissolution in 1922.
He succeeded William Lai, who had resigned in response to the Democratic Progressive Party's poor performance in the 2018 Taiwanese local elections.
This is his second tenure of premiership, as he had served as premier under President Chen Shui-bian from 2006 to 2007 with Tsai Ing-wen, the current president, as his deputy.
Recent polls showed an 8.5 percentage point increase in approval of the Tsai administration, with an approval rating of 43 percent.
Empowered by various laws, or even the Constitution, under the Executive Yuan Council several individual boards are formed to enforce different executive functions of the government.
The committee members of the boards are usually (a) governmental officials for the purpose of interdepartmental coordination and cooperation; or (b) creditable professionals for their reputation and independence.
Dr. Vidyasagar Punjab Mental Hospital also known as Institute of Mental Health (Government Mental Hospital) is public mental health institution and hospital run by Government of Punjab, located at circular road, Amritsar, Punjab.
Established originally at Lahore in 1900, shifted at Amritsar in 1947 after Partition of Punjab when non-Muslim patients were transferred here.
It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes (or commonly olefins), including ethene (or ethylene) and propene (or propylene).
Steam cracker units are facilities in which a feedstock such as naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ethane, propane or butane is thermally cracked through the use of steam in steam cracking furnaces to produce lighter hydrocarbons.
Olefins are very reactive molecules that are used in many other applications in the fields of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, textile, aeronautics, etc.
In steam cracking, a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feed like naphtha, LPG or ethane is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace without the presence of oxygen.
Typically, the reaction temperature is very high, at around 850 °C, but the reaction is only allowed to take place very briefly.
In modern cracking furnaces, the residence time is reduced to milliseconds to improve yield, resulting in gas velocities up to the speed of sound.
After the cracking temperature has been reached, the gas is quickly quenched to stop the reaction in a transfer line heat exchanger or inside a quenching header using quench oil.
The products produced in the reaction depend on the composition of the feed, the hydrocarbon-to-steam ratio, and on the cracking temperature and furnace residence time.
Light hydrocarbon feeds such as ethane, LPGs or light naphtha give product streams rich in the lighter alkenes, including ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.
Heavier hydrocarbon (full range and heavy naphthas as well as other refinery products) feeds give some of these, but also give products rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons suitable for inclusion in gasoline or fuel oil.
A higher cracking temperature (also referred to as severity) favors the production of ethene and benzene, whereas lower severity produces higher amounts of propene, C4-hydrocarbons and liquid products.
Decokes require the furnace to be isolated from the process and then a flow of steam or a steam/air mixture is passed through the furnace coils.
This steam is in turn used to drive the turbines for compressing cracked gas, the propylene refrigeration compressor, and the ethylene refrigeration compressor.
A typical world scale ethylene plant (about 1.5 billion pounds of ethylene per year) uses a 45,000 horsepower (34,000 kW) cracked gas compressor, a 30,000 hp (22,000 kW) propylene compressor, and a 15,000 hp (11,000 kW) ethylene compressor.
These olefins and aromatics are mostly used as petrochemical intermediates and so with the appropriate chemical treatments, they would produce a wide range of chemicals.
Each design is available under a license that must be purchased from the design developer by any petroleum refining company desiring to construct and operate a Steam Cracking unit of a given design.
The hedgehog is in the animal order Eulipotyphla, which is phylogenetically related to the bats, Chiroptera, so the researchers investigated faecal samples to look for coronaviruses.
The range is bound by the Kolyma River valley from the south and in the north it connects with the main ridge of the Chersky Range.
Formerly the highest summit was thought to be Pik Aborigen, but updated measurements have found that it wasn't high, but high.
Philippe Albert de Crevoisier, Baron de Vomécourt (born, 16 January 1902, France - died, 20 December 1964, France), code names Gauthier and Antoine, was an agent of the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) organization in World War II.
He was the organiser (leader) of the Ventriloquist network (or circuit) from May 1941 until the liberation of France from Nazi German occupation in September 1944.
The American SOE agent Virginia Hall had as little contact as possible with Vomécourt as she considered him careless about security and full of grandiose plans.
Summing up the pluses and minuses, author Peter Hore's comment about another controversial figure in the Resistance, Mary Lindell, applies also to Vomécourt: he resisted the German occupation of France for more than three years unlike many people who joined the Resistance only when it became clear that Germany was losing the war.
In 1939, at the beginning of World War II, Vomécourt was living on his estate of in Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat in Haute-Vienne Department.
Vomécourt was recruited in May 1941 by his brother Pierre to work for the Special Operations Executive which was headquartered in London.
These canisters were the first of nearly 60,000 canisters loaded with supplies and arms which SOE air-dropped to agents and resistance groups during World War II.
The drop came only after four days of waiting and expectations and the reception committee at the drop site was only two persons, Vomécourt and a young man named Gabie.
A full canister can weigh up to and with great difficulty the two men dragged and carried the canisters and their contents overland to Vomécourt's villa and hid them among rhododendron bushes.
To allay suspicions from himself, he reported the airplane to the French police and they came to his estate and looked around the fields, finding nothing.
Philippe worked south of the Loire River in the Sologne region, mostly in Vichy France which was unoccupied by Germany until November 1942.
The arrest of a dozen SOE agents in October 1941 and the feckless CARTE network of André Girard (in which SOE had placed great hopes) adversely impacted the fledgling SOE resistance networks.
As a sign of his displeasure, he delayed meeting a pair of newly-arrived SOE agents for seventeen days while they slept in ditches.
The police told him they had arrested him to save him from the Gestapo and they registered him as Philippe de Crevoisier to conceal his identity.
One of the most noteworthy was the coordination of an air attack on a German arsenal named Michenon near the town of Salbris on May 7.
Five RAF bombers where shot down by the Germans during the raid and Vomécourt's men rescued the survivors and got them on their way toward safety in neutral Spain via escape lines.
His overworked wireless operator, Muriel Byck died in May 1944 of meningitis and his second-in-command, Polish-born Stanislaw Makowski, died after being captured and tortured by the Germans in August 1944.
In early September 1944, German forces under General Botho Elster were retreating northward from southern France, attempting to join forces with German forces retreating from Normandy.
The Germans were threatened every step of the way by French resistance groups, now called the French Forces of the Interior (FFI).
Realizing that he was unable to join with other German forces, Elster proposed to surrender to the American army, not wishing to soil his military reputation by surrendering to the irregular forces of the resistance and fearing that the resistance forces might seek revenge on his troops after a surrender.
Macon agreed that the Germans would keep their small arms and march unopposed through the FFI territory to Beaugency where the surrender ceremony would take place.
Vomécourt opposed the agreement and he traveled overland for to the headquarters of American General George S. Patton to attempt to have the terms of the surrender re-negotiated.
Vomécourt said Patton agreed with him and gave him a letter delaying the movement of the German soldiers until new terms could be negotiated.
During his return to the FFI forces, Vomécourt was injured in an automobile accident and consequently was not able to deliver the letter to General Macon in time to stop the German's armed march through FFI territory.
As it turned out, the march proceeded without violence and the formal surrender of nearly 20,000 Germans to the Americans took place on September 16, 1944.
He spent two days at home and then departed to join the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration to help the millions of people who had been displaced in the war.
Maxwell Hamilton Osbiston (7 August 1914 – 12 March 1981) was an Australian actor, active in radio, stage, film and television.
He left school during the Great Depression, and with difficulty found employment delivering bread, and spent some time panning for gold in the Central West.
On his return to Sydney he found employment as a traveler for a firm selling dentists' supplies, and remained in this business for four years.
During much of this time he was also acting in radio plays for the Australian Broadcasting Commission, and in January 1938 he was signed to a one-year contract.
He was one of three (with Patricia Crocker and Queenie Ashton) who took part in both the first and last episodes (28 February 1949 and 30 September 1976).
Osbiston served with the RAAF during WWII, but details are hard to find, though he may have attained the rank of flight lieutenant.
She moved to Grenoble in 1987 to work on the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, before returning to England a few years later.
Roberto Recto (Alfonso Dosal) has just graduated from the police academy as an element of excellence, not only in physical tests but also in knowledge and rectitude.
As soon as he appears in his new workplace, the official Adrián Vázquez is assigned as his couple, an officer who represents the stereotype of slightly corrupt officers.
Things are going wrong between the two from the first minute, but after a series of homicides perpetrated by a cannibal, both must put aside their differences in order to find the root of the problem and save civilians while understanding the motivations of the other and show the lack of empathy that exists towards the police.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 2342, out of 1234 are males and 1108 are females.
The girls' sprint ski mountaineering competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 13 January at the Villars Winter Park.
Note: Games included are A-League (including finals and Pre-Season Cup), FFA Cup, AFC Champions League, FIFA Club World Cup and OFC Champions League (including qualification).
Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Simone Bolelli and Benoît Paire.
Tímea Babos and Kristina Mladenovic won their second Australian Open title, defeating Hsieh Su-wei and Barbora Strýcová in the final, 6–2, 6–1.
Krejčíková played alongside Nikola Mektić, and successfully defended the title, defeating Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Jamie Murray in the final 5–7, 6–4, [10–1].
A church has served Corton Denham since at least the 12th-century and it had been dedicated to St Andrew by 1543.
The church was made up of an undivided nave and chancel, with a north aisle and west tower containing five bells.
By the middle of the 19th-century, the church had become dilapidated and was considered unsafe by the time the decision was made to rebuild it.
The cost of rebuilding the church amounted to approximately £3,000, with the entire cost being defrayed by Lord Portman, the lord of the manor and principal landowner in the parish.
The plans for the church were drawn up by Mr. Pearce, who was employed in the office of Lord Portman's steward, Mr. H. Parsons of Haselbury Plucknett.
The rebuilding of the church began on 1 March 1869 by Mr. Draper of Crewkerne under the supervision of Mr. Green.
With the demolition of the old church, its 16th-century bench ends were transferred to the Church of St Mary at Rimpton and the 12th-century font was destroyed.
W. B. Portman, was unable to attend the ceremony owing to the recent death of his sister and fever at the rectory.
The boys' sprint ski mountaineering competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 13 January at the Villars Winter Park.
Best was picked in the preliminary squad of Canada for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup but he was ultimately cut from the final roster.
She is a member of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers and a member of the International Fund for Cooperation and Partnership of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
Her father, Chingiz Bulbuloglu Mammadov (born 1938), is an Azerbaijani State Adviser of the second class of public service, second son of the famous Azerbaijani and Soviet opera tenor, folk music performer, founder of vocal arts and national musical theatre in Azerbaijan Bulbul and Adelaida Mammadova, Bulbul’s museum director, public figure and biologist of Institute of Botany of NANA Elmira Mikayil qizi Zeynalova (1945).
Her uncle (mother’s older brother) Ibrahim Zeynalov (1934–2008) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani sculptor, teacher, professor, Honored Artist of Azerbaijan, State Prize Laureate of USSR and Azerbaijan SSR, director of Museum of Art.
On April 11, 1996, she was admitted as a young specialist to the English Grammar department of the Azerbaijan State Institute of Languages.
Sphere of the Investigation (Research Field): The investigations in General Linguistics, the Theory of Language, Theoretical Grammar, Communicative Grammar, German languages, Comparative Typology, the Theory of Text, the Theory of the Translation, Lexicography, and Phraseology, Linguaculturology, Pedagogics, Psychology, Lexicology, Sociolinguistics, Stylistics, Pragmatics, Logic, Linguadidactics, and Literature of the Region, Psycholinguistics, Multiculturalism.
It is more than 25 years that professor Nigar Valiyeva has been teaching English and studying the grammatical structure and the lexical system of English, Azerbaijani and Russian contrastively.
During these years she has got published five books for higher schools and more than 200 articles in the international scientific journals and 20 monographs.
The principal towns of Derwernache, Arabi, Hadaawe and many other settlements are amongst some of the most well known accross the Harrawa Valley.
The breadth is about fifteen miles: it runs from south-west to north-east, between the Highlands of the Girhi and the rolling ground of the Gudabirsi Somal, as far, it is said, as the Dankali country.
The British Society for Middle Eastern Studies (BRISMES) is a British organization whose purpose is to encourage and advance the study of the Middle East in the United Kingdom.
The 2020 San Miguel Corporation (SMC) - Philippine Sportswriters Association (PSA) Annual Awards is an annual awarding ceremony honoring the individuals (athletes, coaches and officials) and organizations that made a significant impact to Philippine sports in 2019.
The PSA is the oldest Philippine-based media organization, which is founded in 1949, and made up of veteran and seasoned sports scribes, section editors and columnists from print media (broadsheets and tabloids), sports news websites and social media platforms.
Golf, Mr. Football, Major Awards, Minor Citations, Milo Junior Athletes of the Year, Tony Siddayao Awards for Under 17 Athletes, Posthumous Recognition, and Coach of the Year which will be handed out starting this year.
The awards night is set to take place on March 6, 2020 at the Centennial Hall of the Manila Hotel in Manila.
For claiming their second overall championship in the 2019 Southeast Asian Games hosted in the country, the PSA bestowed the Athlete of the Year honors to the Philippine National Team participated in the biennial meet.
They were recognized with the same honors in the 2006 PSA Annual Awards after securing the championship title of the 2005 SEA Games, also held in the Philippines.
The Philippine delegation, which composed of 1,115 national athletes, took home a total of 387 medals (149 golds, 117 silvers, and 121 bronzes; hitting a new record high for most number of medals since the Philippines joined the SEA Games in 1977) from the 11-nation regional sporting meet held from November 30 to December 11 at four major clusters, Clark, Subic, Metro Manila and Other Areas (Calabarzon-La Union).
The 1966–67 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 67th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
They may be combined with other composite substances to change the chemistry, structure or function of the nanostructures in order to be used in various technologies.
Many different nanostructures can be synthesised from ZnO using relatively inexpensive and simple procedures.. ZnO is a semiconductor material with a wide band gap energy of 3.3eV and has the potential to be widely used on the nanoscale.
ZnO nanostructures have found uses in environmental, technological and biomedical purposes including dye-sensitised solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, biosensors, nanolasers and supercapacitors .
ZnO creates one of the most diverse range of nanostructures, and there is a great amount of research on different synthesis routes of various ZnO nanostructures .
The most common methods to synthesise ZnO structures is using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which is best used to form nanowires and comb or tree-like structures .
Other vapor molecules or solid and liquid catalysts can also be involved in the reaction, which affect the properties of the resultant nanostructure .
To directly create ZnO nanostructures, one can decompose zinc oxide at high temperatures where it splits into zinc and oxygen ions and when cooled it forms various nanostructures, including complex structures such as nanobelts and nanorings .
VS processes can create a variety of ZnO nanostructures but their morphology and properties are highly dependent on the reactants and reaction conditions such as the temperature and vapor partial pressures.
These are known as vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) processes, and use a catalytic liquid alloy phase as an extra step in nanostructure synthesis to accelerate growth .
This reaction can be highly controlled to produce more complex nanostructures by modifying the size and arrangement of gold seeds, and of the alloys and vapor constituents .
A large variety of ZnO nanostructures can also be synthesised by growth in an aqueous solution, which is desirable due to its simplicity and low processing temperature .
Altering the growth solution and its concentration, temperature and structure of the seed layer can change the morphology of the synthesised nanostructures .
Nanorods, aligned nanowire arrays, flower-like and disc like nanowires and nanobelt arrays, along with other nanostructures, can all be created in aqueous solutions by varying the growth solution .
The bandgap energy is also dependent on these parameters, since it is dependent not only on the material but also its size due to the nanoscale effect on the band structure.
Doping ZnO nanostructures with other elements and molecules leads to a variety of material characteristics, because the addition or vacancy of atoms changes the energy levels in the band gap .
Native defects due to oxygen and zinc vacancies or zinc interstitials create its n-type semiconductor properties, but the behaviour is not fully understood .
In this lattice all of the octahedral sites are empty, hence there is space for intrinsic defects, Zn interstitials, and also external dopants to occupy gaps in the lattice, even when the lattice is at a nanoscale.
Defects and dopants are usually introduced during the synthesis of the ZnO nanostructure, either by controlling their formation or accidentally obtained during the growing process through contamination.
At temperatures where the lattice is mobile, oxygen molecules and gaps can be moved using electric fields to change the nature of the material .
Dye sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) are a type of thin film solar cell that uses a liquid dye to absorb sunlight.
This is because the nanostructure synthesis is easy to control , it has higher electron transport properties , and it is possible to use organic material as hole transporter, unlike when TiO is the photoanode material .
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most common power source since they produce high power and have a high energy density.
The use of metal oxides as anodes has largely improved the limitations of the batteries, and ZnO is particularly seen as an up-and-coming potential anode.
A solution may be to dope with different materials and to develop on the nanoscale with nanostructures, such as porous surfaces, that allow for volume changes during the chemical process.
Because of its remarkable energy density of 650Aħg and electrical conductivity of 230Scm ZnO is recognized as a great potential electrode material.
Just as for the batteries, multiple combinations of carbon structures, graphene, metal oxides with ZnO nanostructures have improved capacitance of these materials.
A composite with ZnO base has not only a better power density and energy density, but is also more cost-effective and eco-friendly .
Recent research shows that because of this trait and because of its surface selectivity, ZnO is a good candidate for a biosensor.
Since used ZnO biosensors will eventually dissolve and release Zn ions, they may be absorbed by the cells and the local effect of this is not yet known.
Due to these unknown risks, there needs to be a lot more research before ZnO can be safely applied in the biomedical field.
The station lies on a new railway line between and stations, a stretch of 31 km broad-gauge single track on Chhindwara–Nagpur branch line, running eastwards of the former narrow gauge track.
Apart from this section, the rest of the narrow gauge network, once part of Satpura Railway, is being converted to broad-gauge lines.
Immediately prior to his appointment he was ministry co-ordinator and rector of All Saints' Community in Rockhampton, Chaplain to Rockhampton Grammar School and Archdeacon.
Venables was appointed as Bishop of the Western Region of the Diocese of Brisbane, a role which is based in Toowoomba, in 2014, replacing Rob Nolan who had held the role since 2003.
She lives in Italy and became a Grade 2 tennis instructor in 2019, a qualification issued by the (the Italian Tennis Federation).
John Flynn's Grave Historical Reserve, more commonly referred to as Flynn's Grave is the grave site of John Flynn who was an Australian Presbyterian minister who founded the Australian Inland Mission (AIM) and founding the Royal Flying Doctor Service.
The grave, which is now a historical reserve, is located at the base of Mount Gillen on Larapinta Drive in the Alice Springs suburb of Flynn.
The grave is also used as a marker to the start of the informal walk to the summit of Mount Gillen.
John Flynn died in Sydney on 5 May 1951 and, as requested, his ashes were flown to Alice Springs where they were buried in a temporary location near this site.
A more permanent grave was finalised in August 1953 when the urn containing his ashes was placed into a newly built monument and a boulder was placed over it.
Having a boulder covering the grave was chosen by his wife Jean Flynn, later also buried here (14 November 1976), who was motivated by the biblical story of a large rock being rolled over the grave of Jesus.
An appropriate boulder could not be found nearby Alice Springs, and the surrounding MacDonnell Ranges, and one was chosen from the Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve located north.
The Warumungu and Kaytetye believe that these boulders have extraordinary powers and that their damage, or removal, can have life threatening consequences for them.
Additional concerns were also raised by Arrernte people, in Alice Springs, who were concerned with the presence of this sacred stone on their land.
The primary focus of the reserve and its historical significance relates to John Flynn's Grave but it is also the site of the Alkate Hills, an Arrernte sacred site, which covers most of the area.
In 1972 four young men, 1 plasterer and 3 bakers, were charged with 'malicious damage to a monument to the dead' following vandalisation of the grave, in the early hours of 1 January, which they covered in psychedelic designs.
Dissatisfaction with the use of the sacred stone continued and in 1980-1981 meetings were held between the Uniting Church and various Aboriginal representatives were held and it was agreed that a search would commence for a replacement boulder although controversy following this agreement meant that this did not happen at this time.
Negotiation recommenced in 1996 between Central Land Council, the Uniting Church, the Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority and the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the NT.
After considerable effort and input a suitable rock was identified in late 1998 and the Warumungu\Kaytetye stone was replaced with an Arrernte one; this time associated with Yeperenye (Caterpillar) Dreaming.
The historical reserve was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate on 21 October 1980 and on the Northern Territory Heritage Register on 18 October 2003.
The 1986 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix.
Mohammad Yasin Chowdhury (Bengali: মোহাম্মাদ ইয়াসিন চৌধুরী) (born on 8 December 1972) is a Bangladeshi Business Magnate, entrepreneur, Philanthropist and sports organizer.
Mr. Yasin established FMC sporting club to inspire and patronizing the young players, which is currently enlisted in premier division cricket League.
Following his ordination he served in a number of roles including in Ceduna in South Australia and Katherine in the Northern Territory, as Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Darwin from 2007 to 2013, and immediately prior to his appointment, as rector of St Mark's Anglican Church in Buderim and Archdeacon of the Sunshine Coast.
In November 2016, Greaves was appointed as Bishop of the Northern Region in the Diocese of Brisbane and was confirmed in that role on 24 February 2017.
In 2013, while a priest, Greaves expressed that Christians were ready to embrace same-sex marriage, and found it curious he could bless pets but not same-sex couples.
Early in her career, she recorded under the name Flora Williams as an Ikette in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
She began singing in church at the age of 13, and during high school she sang in the vocal group called the Delvettes.
Williams sang in the Corinthian Gospel Singers with Venetta Fields who became an Ikettes in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
After her tenure as an Ikette, she returned to Buffalo, and later toured with the Avengers which included two other vocalists Hank Mullen and Moe Jones.
Some time after, she released another single on Mo Do Records, owned by William Nunn (father of R&B singer Bobby Nunn).
Williams paired up with Venetta Fields as The Blackberries, which had been the name of a group Fields formed with singer Clydie King.
In 1973, they were working with Humble Pie when Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour convinced them the sing with Pink Floyd.
Through the latter part of the decade she sang backing vocals for various artists, including Roy Buchanan, The Carpenters, Bonnie Raitt, Van Morrison, and Donna Summer.
The 1965–66 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 66th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
It was made up largely of reserve sides of non-league clubs, the majority of which were in the league’s new ‘Premier Division’.
The Union Budget of India for 2020–2021 (IAST: ) was presented by the Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman on 1 February 2020 as her second budget.
Notably, Nirmala Sitharaman read out a Kashmiri poem during the budget speech in the Parliament as well as a Tamil couplet written by Thiruvalluvar.
The Union Budget is the annual financial report of India; an estimate of income and expenditure of the government on a periodical basis.
The Union budget in 2020 will be presented in a backdrop of a slowing down of the Indian economy with estimated GDP growth for 2019-20 being at an 11-year low of 5%.
Factors such as the IL&FS (shadow banker, NBFC) crisis contributed to the slowdown; as well as international financial markets issues such as the China - US trade war.
In January 2020 Western Asset Management Company has reduced its government bond holdings following the atmosphere in the country due to the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 and the situation in Kashmir which are affecting the economic spirit.
Defence pensions have been allocated while development of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has been allocated and the Union Territory of Ladakh .
The government plans to raise funds by selling a partial stake in Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) through an initial public offering (IPO).
Indian Institute of Heritage and Conservation to be set up and five sites Rakhigarhi, Hastinapur, Sivasagar, Dholavira and Adichanallur to be developed into world class archaeological sites.
Under the new regime, taxpayers will pay 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% for incomes between ₹5-7.5 lakh, ₹7.5-10 lakh, ₹10-12.5 lakh and ₹12.5-15 lakh, respectively.
Apart from modifying the definition of an NRI, non tax paying NRIs would be taxed in India if not paying taxes elsewhere.
Also, with reference to the budget allocation for Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, Chidambaram also said that money can't replace freedom.
As the Union budget was presented in the parliament, Nifty fell by over 3% (373.95 points) while Sensex fell by more than 2% (1000 points).
Economic Times reports some reasons for this including lack of sops for the automobile or real estate, confusion over new income tax slabs, high divestment targets () and abolition of dividend distribution tax.
Newly formed AlSeuBit Entertainment (Now OSR Entertainment) revealed that they would form a new five-member girl group including four former Pristin members - Minkyeung, Yaebin, Gyeongwon, and Eunwoo.
Oltac Unsal is a Turkish technology investor and economic development executive who is notable for creating the fastest political crowdfunding campaign in history for Turkish Gezi Protests.
Unsal also co-founded the Good Party (İyi Parti) in Turkey on October 25, 2017 which went on to win 10% of national vote 8 months later.
Richard Donald Adams (14 Jun 1909 - 5 Sep 1987), was an officer in the United States Navy that served during World War II, and reached the rank of Rear Admiral.
Adams spent the first years of his Naval career onboard the USS Lexington (CV-2) and as an Engineering Officer of USS Sturtevant (DD-240).
After transferring to the Naval Reserve, Adams was employed as an engineer by the National Supply Company which produced Superior brand Diesel engines.
In June 1939, Adams took on employment as a Power Sales Engineer with the Engineering Equipment and Supply Company in Manila, Philippine Islands.
O'Driscoll announced her intention to divorce in January 1945, but because of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940 it would be delayed until the end of the war.
In March 1947, O'Driscoll established a new residence at the Hotel El Rancho in Las Vegas, Nevada with the intention of filing for divorce a second time.
In April 1953 he received a new assignment as Commanding Officer of Naval Reserve (Surface) Brigade 12-2, at Treasure Island, California.
He was also Member and Subcommittee Chairman and later committee Chairman, of the National Naval Reserve Policy Board in Washington, DC.
From January 1958 until June 1963 he attended the Naval Reserve Officers School and took courses in Public Relations, International Law, International Relations, and Guided Missiles.
After a short time with the Bureau of Naval Personnel, RADM Adams took command of the Naval Reserve Group 12-6 (L) at Treasure Island, California.
For two weeks in 1963, Adams was placed on active duty as Commander of the US Naval Base in New Orleans, Louisanna.
In January 1964, RADM Adams reported for duty to support the public relations for the Commandant of the 12th Naval district.
Since the war he had been self-employed, being owner of RD Adams Company, San Francisco, engaged in rental and sales of materials handling equipment, and providing inspection service.
Rear Admiral Adams was a member of the Navy League, US Naval Reserve Association, the Naval Order of the United States, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Society of Naval Engineers.
In collaboration with MSTC the institute also features a simulation training center and maritime courses for both (external) maritime students and the professional field.
Most activities take place in the institutes main building, which was opened in 1966 and re-opened after a modernisation in 2019.
First and second year students normally reside in the newly constructed campus, consisting of four square buildings for housing (with four floors each).
A hemispherical electron energy analyzer or hemispherical deflection analyzer is a type of detector generally used for applications where high resolution of electron energy is needed, for example different varieties of electron spectroscopy such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy.
It is possible to demonstrate that in such a system, (i) the electrons are linearly dispersed along the direction connecting the entrance and the exit slit, depending on their kinetic energy, while (ii) electrons with the same energy are first-order focused.
In fact, only the electrons with energy formula_15 impinging normal to the entrance slit of the analyzer describe a trajectory of radius formula_16 and reach the exit slit, where they are revealed by the detector.
Though the resolution improves with increasing formula_20, technical problems related to the size of the analyzer put a limit on the actual value of formula_20.
Although a low pass energy formula_15 improves the resolution, the electron transmission probability is reduced at low pass energy, and the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates, accordingly.
The electrostatic lenses in front of the analyzer have two main purposes: they collect and focus the incoming photoelectrons into the entrance slit of the analyzer, and they decelerate the electrons to the kinetic energy formula_15, in order to increase the resolution.
and hence the pass energy- are held fixed; at the same time, the voltage applied to the electrostatic lenses is swept in such a way that each channel counts electrons with the selected kinetic energy for the selected amount of time.
If the detector energy range is wide enough, and if the photoemission signal collected from all the channels is sufficiently strong, the photoemission spectrum can be obtained in one single shot from the image of the detector.
The nations finishing last (in Pool A) and second last (in Pool B) took part in a relegation play-off, with the losing nation relegated to Group II for 2021.
The fifteen teams will compete across two different venues, with 8 nations taking part in La Paz, and 7 nations taking part in Panama City.
In Panama City, the seven teams were divided into two pools of four and three teams, with the winning nation promoted to Group I in 2020.
Coryphopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Thelypteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Ford served as the head football coach and head baseball coach from 1903 to 1904 at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia.
Ford was a superintendent at various school's across the state of West Virginia, including Bluefield, Beaver Pond, Brown's Creek, and Dunbar.
In statistics and machine learning, leakage (also data leakage, or target leakage) is the use of information in the model training process which would not be expected to be available at prediction time, causing the predictive scores (metrics) to overestimate the model's utility when run in a production environment.
Column-wise leakage is caused by the inclusion of columns which are one of: a duplicate label, a proxy for the label, or the label itself, when training the model which are not available at prediction time (anachronisms).
For example, if a model for predicting stock values is trained on data for a certain five-year period, it is unrealistic to treat the subsequent five-year period as a draw from the same population.
As another example, suppose a model is developed to predict an individual's risk for being diagnosed with a particular disease within the next year.
Goniopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Thelypteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The 1964–65 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 65th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
It was made up largely of reserve sides of non-league clubs, the majority of which were in the league’s new ‘Premier Division’.
Demolition of Ile-Arugbo is the decision of the Committee on Review of Property of Kwara state government, north-central Nigeria released on 1 July 2019 to reclaim the plots of land acquired by the late Dr. Olusola Saraki without proper documentation.
The building was constructed on plots of land owned by Dr Saraki to foster for aged people who visited him during his lifetime.In 1970, the state acquired the land for the construction of the phase II of its secretariat which was later abandoned.
In 1982, only the State Clinic was completed from the project design while the remaining pieces of land were allocated to Asa investment company.The decision of the government was informed by the Committee on Review of Sales of Property of Kwara State Government from 1999 that the said land was acquired without proof of payment.
The government announced its decision to reclaim the land on the 27 of December 2019 before the demolition exercise took place on 2 January 2020.
The demolition led to varies mixed feeling between the faction loyal to the state government, on one hand, People Democratic Party and the Saraki's dynastic in Ilorin led by Senator Bukola Saraki, Senate president of the 8th Nigeria National Assembly.
The concept behind the structure is to serve as a platform for reaching out to aged people in Ilorin during the second republic where food, money and health care services are provided for the concerned people in the society..
The said land was acquired by the state in 1970 for the construction of its Civil Service Unit, State Secretariat and parking spaces which was later abandoned.
The controversy behind the demolition of the said property started on 27 December when an action informed by the decision of the Committee on Review of Sales of Property of Kwara state government since 1999 announced that the property opposite the family house of the late Dr Olusola Saraki was acquired without proof of payment..
The committee announced its decision on 27 December 2019 and went ahead to effect its action on 2 January by 3 am ( WAT) In July 2019, the committee identified several properties of the state government that were allocated without proper documentation for reclamation.
Senator Gbemisola Saraki disagreed with the position of the state government and tagged the demolition exercise as a political vendetta against is family.
The People Democratic Party in the state also petitioned the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) for the alleged use of live ammunition and tear-gas by the state government to harass the aged people who protested against the exercise.
Man Yue Technology Holdings Limited is a Chinese manufacturer of capacitors, founded in 1979 and listed in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since 1997.
Henry Eastburn (1753–1821) was a British draughtsman and civil engineer, known for his work on the canals of Great Britain, including the Basingstoke Canal, the Derwent and Rye navigations, and the Lancaster Canal.
As part of this work, Eastburn surveyed Hatfield Chase in 1776 and produced technical drawings such as that of the winding engine at Walker Colliery in 1783 and Aberdeen Harbour in 1788.
He succeeded William Wright in the role; during construction, Jessop had engaged John Rennie in checking the work performed by Wright and contractor John Pinkerton; the work was substandard and Eastburn was employed to oversee the canal's completion.
Upon the waterway's opening in 1794, Eastburn began surveying the Derwent in Yorkshire at the behest of William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam; the proposal was to extend the current navigation from Malton to Yedingham.
Eastburn then was engaged as resident engineer on the southern Lancaster Canal, between Garstang and Wigan—a position he held until 1798; this work was performed under the supervision of John Rennie.
The following March, Eastburn was elected to the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers; after April 1790 he is listed in society proceedings as a country member.
Eastburn's will was written in December 1812, bequeathing his estate to his wife (or, in the event of her predeceasing him, his then-recently widowed daughter).
His precise date of death is not known, although he was buried at the church of St Maurice, Monkgate in York on 5 July 1821.
The 1963–64 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 64th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Released on September 26, 2009 through Sony Music, it was the band's first release through the label and with new drummer Bruno Graveto, and their final one with bassist Heitor Gomes, who left in 2011 after his contract expired to join CPM 22.
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan of March 1927, often called the Hunan Report, is one of Mao Zedong's most famous and influential essays.
At time when the strategy of the Chinese Communist Party was based on urban workers, Mao advocated a revolution based on the peasantry, especially poor peasants.
Mao's peasant strategy led to disaster in the next few years but the Hunan Report's emphasis on violent struggle against the landlord class gradually become the dominant strategy in the Communist Party's land reform on its road to victory in 1949.
Mao left his home village in Hunan to graduate from Hunan Normal University, then become a teacher and labor organizer after joining the Communist Party.
a radical intellectual who organized the peasants of his home districts into Hailufeng Soviet, which redistributed land and promoted social change.
When the Communists joined the Nationalists in the First United Front, Peng headed the Peasant Movement Training Institute, of which Mao became co-leader.
The Nationalists, with communist support, launched the Northern Expedition in 1925 to unite the country and oust the imperialists, setting off mass demonstrations in the cities and uprisings of peasant associations in the countryside.
Chen Duxiu, the communist leader, feared that a radical policy would endanger the United Front and disrupt progress by arousing opposition from local powerholders, especially since officers of the revolutionary army tended to come from landholding families.
Mao, recognized by both parties as an expert on peasants, was sent to Hunan to investigate local conditions in areas through which Northern Expedition troops had just passed.
In this report, Mao Zedong details the actions and achievements of the Chinese peasants in Hunan in an attempt to sway his fellow revolutionaries' opinions on the capabilities of peasantry to communist revolution in China.
This article was written as a reply to the criticisms both inside and outside the Party then being leveled at the Chinese Peasantry.
Mao had spent thirty-two days in Hunan Province making an investigation and wrote this report in order to answer to the criticisms of the leadership of the CCP towards the peasantry.
Mao from that point on rejected the idea of peaceful land reform, arguing that peasants could not achieve true liberation unless they participated in the violent overthrow of the landlords.
In the short run the peasant strategy was disastrous, since neither local peasant associations nor the Party could stand up to the guns and organization of the local power holders or Chiang Kai-shek's armies.
But the Hunan Report marked a decisive turning point in the revolutionary strategy that eventually brought the Party to power in 1949.
Roy Hofheinz, Jr. writes that Mao's contribution at the time was not policy, since he skirts the issues of land confiscation or ownershop, but criticizing leaders for not taking a revolutionary attitude.
Mao attacked Nationalist and Communist leaders who looked down on these peasants and deplored violence, for violence was to be celebrated.
First, Mao bypassed the urban proletariat and second, relied on the initiative of the peasantry, not the Communist Party or the Comintern.
Meisner notes the irony: had not the White Terror nearly destroyed the fledgling Party and driven it from the cities, Mao's heresies might have cut short his career as a Communist.
The Report inspired radical groups around the world, such as the Naxalites in India, Sendero Luminosa in Peru, and Black Panthers in the United States.
Le Bazar de la Charité (The Bonfire of Destiny) is a French drama miniseries, that debuted on Netflix on 26 December 2019, after airing on French free-to-air channel TF1 during November–December 2019.
Le Bazar de la Charité (The Bonfire of Destiny) begins with the depiction of a true event, the fire at the Bazar de la Charité in Paris, May 4, 1897, in which 126 people died.
Planning to visit the bazaar is Adrienne de Lenverpré (Audrey Fleurot), an upper-class woman who seeks to escape from her marriage to her tyrant husband, Marc-Antoine de Lenverpré (Gilbert Melki), a candidate for the President of the Senate (France).
While Adrienne's niece, Alice de Jeansin, along with her close confident and maidservant, Rose Rivière, attend the bazaar the fire breaks out.
Adrienne, who had entered the event earlier but left to meet her paramour, realizes to her horror that she, too, could have been inside.
Alston Branch drains of area, receives about 45.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 586.36 and is about 04% forested.
It was built with bricks from Provo in 1912 for Peter Johansen II, the son of Danish immigrants who converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Johansen was a cattle rancher, and he enlisted family members to build the house, which was designed in the Late Victorian style.
After high school, Darryl enrolled at Central Michigan University, where he later dropped out for what he says was making $30,000 per month being a Youtuber.
The track was initially released on DDG's Youtube channel and had 500,000 views in 1 hour causing WorldstarHipHop to contact DDG to allow them to exclusively release the video.
Nehemiah 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 13th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
This chapter records the detail of rebuilding the Jerusalem walls, starting from the north to west sections (verses 1-15), continued to south and east sections until reaching the starting point (verses 16-32).
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
In this part Nehemiah lists the process of rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem, starting with the people working on the north wall and its gates.
The north side of wall would have suffered 'the brunt of most attacks on Jerusalem, for those arriving from Mesopotamia' (cf.
Twenty-one work details were reported on this side of the wall, with the workers on the Fish Gate 'built' rather than 'repaired' the wall.
Leticia Gómez-Tagle received her first academic training in Mexico, where her professors were mainly Manuel Delaflor for piano and Angel Esteva Loyola for music theory.
She has won several prizes at youth piano competitions in Mexico, including the University of Puebla, and was awarded 1st prize at the Fomento Musical Sala Chopin, through which she received a scholarship from the Austrian governmental ministry and was thus able to take up studies in piano concert performance and instrumental pedagogy with Prof. Michael Krist at the Vienna Academy of Music.
She also received further musical impulses in Vienna from Prof. Carlos Rivera and in master classes with Paul Badura-Skoda, Jörg Demus, György Sándor and Orlando Otey.
Since her participation at the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1990, she has performed regularly at various music festivals in Mexico and Europe.
As a soloist, she has performed with numerous orchestras at home and abroad, including the Orquesta Filarmónica de México, Orquesta Sinfónica del IPN (Mexico), Orquesta Filarmónica de Querétaro, Symphonic Orchestra of the Music School Linz, and the Chamber Orchestra with members of the Bruckner Orchestra Linz under the direction of conductors such as Ingo Ingensand, Jesús Medina, Benjamín Juárez Echenique and Guadalupe Flores.
She has given master classes in Spain (Mallorca, Córdoba and Granada), Mexico (CENART University) and Lebanon at the Sin el-Fil Conservatory.
It is notable for its poetic representations of personal emotion, which made it an important early text in the Romantic literary movement.
The last edition to add new poems, the tenth edition in 1812, was two volumes, with fifty-nine sonnets and eight other poems.
Scholars have described her experiments with the sonnet form as pursuing a simpler, more natural, and more direct poetic language which matched the emotions she expressed better than the artificial language common to Italian sonnets.
The Romantic poet John Keats was indebted to Smith's innovations for his own attempts to devise a new, specifically English sonnet form.
Because Italian sonnets require many more rhymes on the same word ending, the Shakespearean sonnet form was considered to be easier than Petrarchan or Miltonic sonnets, and therefore less legitimate.
Smith's depiction of the natural world is notable for introducing a key Romantic theme in ways that don't match later Romantic depictions.
The Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge particularly praised the sonnets that make connections between nature and human feelings, a poetic technique which would come to be a defining trait of Romantic poetry.
However, in most of her poetry, Smith's depiction of nature differed from the later Romantics in that she was interested in the scientific details of the natural world.
Her depictions of nature are not typically transcendent experiences which are interesting for how they impact the poet's selfhood, but rather descriptions of real-life phenomena which are interesting for the intellectual challenges they pose to understanding.
The sonnet as a poetic form was first popular in English language during the Renaissance, but it had fallen out of use by the eighteenth century.
The sonnet ultimately became one of the leading poetic forms of Romantic poetry, used at some point by every major Romantic poet except William Blake.
The sonnet form, as a classic and almost old-fashioned kind of writing, carried a cultural legitimacy which was lacking in newer genres like the novel.
On August 18, 2006, Superior Court Chief Judge Rufus G. King, III appointed Wingo as a Magistrate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President Barack Obama nominated Wingo on November 30, 2015, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the same court.
Spruances Branch drains of area, receives about 45.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 627.60 and is about 05% forested.
At the Sound of the Bell is the second studio album by American progressive rock/AOR band Pavlov's Dog, released in 1976.
Since previous year's album Pampered Menial, violinist Siegfried Carver and drummer Mike Safron had left the band, being replaced by guitarist Thomas Nickeson and drummer Bill Bruford.
Several other musicians performed as guests, most notably Grammy Awarded Michael Brecker, Andy Mackay of Roxy Music fame, and guitarist Elliott Randall.
In late November 1972, he gave concerts with Japan's most popular jazz group, the Sharps and Flats big band, and with the Terumasa Hino quartet.
That evening, Hartman performed live with the Hino quartet, which served as a rehearsal for a studio session with the group four days later.
Kumi Kumakura transfers to a new high school and is given five special teddy bears created by her deceased mother to give to her new friends.
On the night before her first day, Kumi comes across Hyō Kakizono, who she befriends and gifts one of her teddy bears.
When Kumi starts attending school, she is shocked to discover that not only is Hyō her new classmate, but he is also one of the most popular boys in school who is well-known for being a playboy.
Hyō, however, has fallen in love with Kumi, but she is unable to believe his words at face value and struggles to accept him.
The series stars Yurika Nakamura as Kumi, Yosuke Sugino as Hyō, Shouma Kai as Tatsuki, Bullet Train member Takashi Matsuo as Chihaya, and AKB48 member Anna Iriyama as Kanna.
It is the first feature of the Slovenian-born director, who previously won a Silver Bear for Best Short Film at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1995.
In 2018, the film received Annie Awards nominations in two categories, Best Animated Independent Feature and Editorial in an Animated Feature Production.
Bennefield Branch drains of area, receives about 45.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 684.33 and is about 0% forested.
The couple were killed along with almost 200 others when the roof of the Knickerbocker Theatre in Washington D.C. collapsed under the weight of heavy snow.
Bijaei Jayaraj also known as Bijai K Jayarajan is an Indian entrepreneur, who is the founder CEO of Loylty Rewardz, a brand loyalty program, which he founded in 2006 and it was acquired in 2017 by BillDesk.
In 2018, Bijaei co-founded Houm Technology, a company that allows its users to own private space on the Internet, which can be used to store the digital assets.
Earlier, he had worked in the advertising industry in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, and with McCann Erickson World Wide (FP7) in Dubai, UAE.
He was conferred with the MasterCard SAMEA Star Award (South Asia, ME & Africa) and the APMEA Star Award (Asia Pacific, ME & Africa).
Ewald Ammende (3 January 1893 in Pernau, Livonia, Russian Empire - 15 April 1936 in Peking, China) was an Estonian journalist, human rights activist and politician of Baltic German origin.
After attending high school in Pernau, from 1910 he studied commerce at the Polytechnic in Riga, economics in Cologne and in Tübingen, and received his doctorate in political science at the Christian-Albrecht University in Kiel.
Following the division of the historical region of Livonia into Estonia and Latvia, Ammende began to campaign for national minorities in the international politics.
He became a strong advocate of ethnic minority right and established an umbrella organization to represent ethnic minority organizations (not only those of ethnic Germans).
Ammende assumed that a solution of the national questions would not be feasible by way of irredentism and therefore sought a balance between interests of ethnic groups and nation states on the basis of mutual recognition.
In his function as secretary-general of the ENK, he was instrumental in assisting the Jewish associations in submission of the Bernheim petition, which discredited him to the National Socialists.
At the same time he came into conflict with the US and the Soviet government because of various aid actions and campaigns of the ENK.
Ammende also discussed in his book systematic oppression of various minorities in Ukraine, including the Poles, Magyars, Romanians, Jews, Belorussians and Crimean Germans.
Although Ewald Ammende's rejection of the National Socialists was already known at the time of publication, the Soviet authorities accused the ENK that the book was promoting the National Socialist propaganda.
This misleading representation took over in the post-war period, among other East German historians, all the way to the modern research literature.
Some historians go so far as to label the entire international campaign of the ENK on the famine awareness as part of the anti-Comintern policy of the Nazi regime.
Ammende used in his book uncredited photos made by Alexander Wienerberger during his work in Kharkiv in 1933; these photos are currently well known and were reprinted on many occasions.
Ewald Ammende died on April 15, 1936 under obscure circumstances in Beijing, where he wanted to meet with representatives of Jewish minorities from Valdgeym (Jewish National District in Far East).
Obituaries appeared in many European newspapers, in which the details of the cause of death ranged from murder, suicide, heart attack, stroke up to the sugar shock (which is currently considered a possible reason, due to family history of the same disease).
After his death, his brother, and his right-hand man, Erich Ammende, took over the management of the ENK as an interim charge.
The 1925 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1925 college football season.
In its third season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled an 8–0–1 record, won the SIAC championship, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 244 to 6.
It was nominated for twelve prizes at the 56th Golden Horse Awards and won five, including Best Adapted Screenplay, shared by Fu Kai-ling, Chien Shih-keng, and Hsu, as well as Best New Director for Hsu.
Dyke Branch drains of area, receives about 45.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 670.15 and is about 5% forested.
The 1924 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1924 college football season.
In its second season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled a 9–0–1 record, won the SIAC championship, shut out six of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 301 to 25.
The Yokohama Shindō (横浜新道) is a major highway located entirely in the city of Yokohama in the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan.
It is signed as a bypass of National Route 1 as well as being partially designated as an expressway numbered E83.
The Yokohama Shindō is a bypass that travels from the southwestern corner of the Yokohama in Totsuka-ku northeast through Hodogaya-ku to Kanagawa-ku.
The route that would eventually become the free section of the Yokohama Shindō was established in 1948 during the Occupation of Japan as a bypass of the older Tōkaidō.
After the occupation's end in 1952, management of the road was handed over to the Japan Highway Public Corporation and the road was designated as a bypass of National Route 1 on 4 December 1952..
The Aquarium boosted the popularity of the area; land near the Aquarium was subdivided and sold as The Queensport Aquarium Estate.
The return fare on the steamers Natone, the Woolwich or the Alice cost two shillings for adults and one shilling for a child.
Daytime activities included sports days to celebrate the new year, picnics on Foundation Day (as Australia Day was then known) and, in May 1891, the amazing sight of a hot air balloon delighted the crowd.
The Aquarium was not greatly troubled by the large flood in 1890, even though the wharf in the city was inundated.
However, in the flood on 5 and 6 February 1893 tore down the fences, liberating many of the animals, and ruined the carefully landscaped gardens.
Before long, J D Campbell and the Aquarium Company advertised the sale of the steamers and, although picnic parties from the city continued to travel to dances and picnics, the Aquarium's popularity had diminished by the end of the 19th century.
The 1927 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1927 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled a 10–0–1 record, won the SIAC championship, shut out eight of eleven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 264 to 31.
In 1976 Munene studied at the government-run Kenya Institute of Mass Communication (KIMC), and was the only woman among KIMC's first year of graduates.
Primehook Creek drains of area, receives about 45.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 719.80 and is about 13% forested.
The 2020 season is Penangs 100th competitive season, 3rd season in the second tier of Malaysian football since relegated in 2017.
Fragments of children's clay toys are found on the island, which have a number of features: they are compressed vertically, the hands are pressed and folded on the stomach.
The Chinyaev toy appeared in the 18th century as a folk memory of unusual creatures that, according to local legends, lived on the islands of Lake Chany.
The 35th ceremony of the Film Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best independent films of 2019, will be presented by Film Independent on February 8, 2020.
The ceremony will be televised in the United States by IFC, taking place inside its usual tent setting on a beach in Santa Monica, California.
Recognizes mid-career women directors with a body of work that demonstrates uniqueness of vision and a groundbreaking approach to film making.
In late 2019, various media outlets have reported on alleged efforts by the People's Republic of China to infiltrate the Parliament of Australia by recruiting a spy to run in a constituency during an election.
The alleged plot was made public during the November 24 airing of 60 Minutes on Australia's Nine Network, citing sources with knowledge of the plot.
In 2018, the incident was reported by the man who was approached with the offer to the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO).
While the cases are unrelated, reports on this incident came after claims by defected Chinese spy Wang Liqiang of Chinese operations in Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Zhao's former business associates have described him as an ambitious man who got ahead of himself and wanted to make money quick.
According to court records, Zhao was charged with obtaining financial advantage by deception in 2017, due to accusations he obtained loans via fraudulent means in order to buy luxury vehicles.
Authorities have not been able to establish the cause of Zhao's death, nor have they been able to establish why Zhao died.
Records kept by the Liberal party show Zhao as a party member in the Division of Chisholm from 2015 until his death.
Andrew Hastie, a Liberal MP who chairs the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security , describe Zhao as a paid-up member of the Liberal Party.
They say Zhao attended at least one branch gathering with members of his immediate family before the 2016 Federal election, but did not otherwise agitate to become an MP himself.
A senior Liberal Party member with knowledge of membership lists also said Zhao was not known to senior party members, by any measure.
Chen is known to have made political donations to Australia's two major political parties, and his company is known to be promoting China's Belt and Road Initiative, leading to accusations he is using the Belt and Road Initiative as a cover to conduct intelligence operations.
Chen himself has denied the allegations, claiming photos of him donning Chinese military uniforms were merely him borrowing a friend's military uniform to show off, and that he was given journalist accreditation by a media outlet owner in order for him to attend international political summits.
In the 2019 Federal election, Gladys Liu was elected as a Liberal Party MP for the Division of Chisholm, beating out a Labor Party candidate of Taiwanese heritage in a surprise victory.
Even prior to details of the infiltration plot being made public, Liu was accused of being a member of the China Overseas Exchange Association, which belonged to the State Council of the People's Republic of China at the time of her membership.
In addition, Liu has been accused of being an honorary chair of overseas Chinese trade and commerce bodies that are believed to be linked to the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department.
Reports on this incident has brought renewed attention to allegations against Liu, especially since at least two photos show Liu and Zhao at a meeting that was held in Liu's former home during Australia Day in 2016.
It was noted that Zhao's legal and financial troubles would have made it almost impossible for him to be selected by the Liberals as a candidate, let alone win the election.
Monash University lecturer Sow Keat Tok said while the repercussions would have been huge if the allegations are true and Zhao was elected, it would still have taken Zhao years, if not decades, to get into the inner circle of the Australian decision-makers.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 7 June 1875 caused by the death of sitting member Francis White.
Since joining, Mali has been an active member of the Fund, having made 18 arrangements to borrow money since its membership began, primarily aimed at addressing stability and security issues in the country.
Though Mali has had a steadily positive GDP growth rate since 2011 and a large amount of natural gold reserves, its economic and social fragility have caused developmental challenges as ethnic violence and terrorism weaken the government.
The IMF projects that Mali will continue to have a GDP growth rate of around 5%, and a contained level of inflation, but warns that the situation could rapidly deteriorate without the implementation of programs for stability and resilience.
Mali is currently ranked as one of the world's poorest countries by the United Nations Development Programme, and their agriculture-heavy economy leaves them vulnerable to weather issues.
Demographic issues have led to a uniquely unstable situation that has been exploited by militant groups, threatening the centralization and stability of the government.
The Mali Empire was one of the richest in the world at the time, and its mineral wealth was renowned across the world.
Though the empire was replaced by other nations such as the Songhai Empire and the Fulani Empire, the natural wealth of the region made it a trade center through to the 19th century.
Ultimately, the Malian nations collapsed under internal religious pressures and external political influence from the French empire and they were integrated into French Sudan.
Mali gained its independence in 1960, and moved to implement socialist policies designed in the style of the Soviet system at the time.
This would not last long, however, and in 1968, a coup ensued and the new government moved to implement economic reforms.
The austerity imposed by these reforms led to unrest, however, and by the 1990's the nation had transitioned to a new democratic state.
Mali has been a heavy borrower from the IMF, currently owing about 238 million SDRs, the equivalent of around $327 million.
The IMF claims that these projects have seen success in spite of the difficult conditions, helping quell instability and address trade concerns.
Mali has been praised for its efforts in meeting both IMF goals and those set by the West African Economic and Monetary Union, of which it is a founding member.
To address this issue, the IMF recently approved a new loan to work on improving administrative inefficiencies and combat rising fuel prices.
Other areas of focus include the struggling state energy company which is currently going through financial difficulties, and vulnerability to shocks from fluctuating prices of gold, cotton, and fuel.
IMF research claims that much of Mali's instability and structural issues stem from the 2012 Malian coup d'état in northern Mali.
During this period of governmental transition, the separatists and jihadists were able to strengthen their control of the northern regions, further weakening the new administration.
Eventually, infighting amongst the separatists and rebels allowed international forces to restore order to the region and take back control from the jihadists.
The north continues to face unrest and instability, but projects like the United Nations' MINUSMA have aimed to restore governmental control over the region and defeat the remaining rebels and insurgents.
The recurrent attacks and insurgencies has hindered IMF staff's ability to implement their programs to address government reform and economic policy.
Security spending had to be adjusted to face the immediate threat to the nation, and as such public spending had to be dropped down.
The IMF's projects to address this involve stabilization of tax revenue collection, promoting trade, and encouraging structural stability in wake of the coup.
To be able to implement effective measures, they recommend increasing taxes to improve their tax-to-GDP ratio relative to their West African neighbors.
In association with France and the UN, some agreements have been made between the government and the Tuareg separatists, allowing for elections to take place.
The reliance on mining leaves them vulnerable to exploitation by multi-national enterprises shifting their profits to other countries, causing Mali to lose out on tax streams.
The IMF has recommended programs to close down loopholes in their tax system to force multinational enterprises to contribute further to Mali's tax base.
Although the authorities have taken steps to follow IMF suggestions and increase tax revenue, overly optimistic budget projections have clouded attempts to fix the issue.
50% of the population is under 15, and their population is expected to increase from 18 million to 45 million by 2050.
Food and water instability have been constant issues, with the problem worsening since 2012 as international organizations and NGOs refuse to be involved in a region with a high potential for hostage-taking.
The 2019 Dubai Women's Sevens will be an tournament held at the The Sevens Stadium in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 5–7 December 2019.
It will be the ninth edition of the Dubai Women's Sevens and will also be the second tournament of the 2019–20 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series.
The top two teams from each pool advance to the Cup/Plate brackets while the top 2 third place teams also compete in the Cup/Plate.
The state visit of Deng Xiaoping to the United States () was the first official visit by a paramount leader of China to the US.
Deng undertook the visit in his official capacities as the First Vice Premier of the State Council and the Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
He was welcomed to the White House with full military honors from the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard), Ceremonial Company A at Marine Barracks Washington, the United States Navy Ceremonial Guard, the United States Air Force Honor Guard, the United States Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard as well as the United States Army Band.
The evening of 29 January, a state dinner was held in honor of Deng and his delegation at the White House.
It marked the first return of former President Richard Nixon to the White House since his resignation speech in August 1974.
Originally, President Carter refused to invite Nixon, however Deng had stated that he would visit him at his California residence if he was not invited.
Following the dinner, Deng and Carter went to the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts to witness performances by groups such as the Joffrey Ballet as well as singers such as John Denver and Shirley MacLaine.
In Atlanta he visited the headquarters of Coca Cola and later toured the Atlanta Assembly owned by the Ford Motor Company in Hapeville.
On the morning of 2 February, he arrived at Houston Intercontinental Airport where he was greeted by Mayor of Houston Jim McConn.
That evening, he was presented a stetson cowboy hat during a rodeo he attended in Simonton hosted by what is now the Greater Houston Partnership.
He arrived in the evening on 3 February at Boeing Field in Seattle before being transported to the Washington Plaza Hotel.
He was accompanied by United States Secretary of Energy James R. Schlesinger, Governor Dixy Lee Ray and Senators Warren Magnuson and Henry M. Jackson.
Four days prior to his visit, a group of anti-Deng protesters broke the entrance glass to what is now the Embassy of China in Washington, D.C. During the welcoming ceremony at the White House, two protesters were taken away from the press area after chanting anti-China slogans.
The KKK member, who rushed to the podium where Deng was speaking with a knife, was intercepted by an agent of the United States Secret Service.
This visit led to agreements in September 1980 on maritime affairs, civil aviation links, and textile matters, as well as a bilateral consular convention.
The New Hampshire Avenue–Maryland Line, designated Route K6, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Fort Totten station of the Red & Green lines of the Washington Metro and White Oak Shopping Center.
K6 still continued to operate all the way between the White Oak Shopping Center & Metro Center in Downtown Washington D.C., all the way up until February 19, 1978.
On February 19, 1978, shortly after the Fort Totten Metro Station opened, K6 was truncated to only operate between the White Oak Shopping Center & Fort Totten Metro Station.
However; while K6 would continue to operate all the way between the Fort Totten Metro Station & White Oak Shopping Center, K9 would only operate between the Fort Totten Metro Station & Northwest Park Apartments.
Although, K6 & K9 would mainly operate parallel to each other on the New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) corridor between the intersection of Eastern Avenue NE & the Northwest Park Apartments, K9's routing would also differ from K6's routing between the Fort Totten Metro Station and intersection of New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) & Eastern Avenue NE.
Instead of operating on K6's routing via 1rst Place NE, Riggs Road NE, North Capitol Street NW, & New Hampshire Avenue NE (which automatically turns into New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) past the intersection of Eastern Avenue NE (the MD/DC Line), K9 would only use 1rst Place NE when operating towards the Fort Totten Metro Station.
K9 would then use Galloway Street NE & South Dakota Avenue NE when operating towards the Northwest Park Apartments, to get back onto the intersection of Riggs Road NE.
As a result of this rerouting change, the former WMATA Metrobus Stops that K6 originally served, located at the intersections of New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) & University Boulevard East (MD 193) and New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) & Lebanon Street in Langley Park, MD, were removed.
The 2018 edition of the D-Oh Grand Prix was announced on August 20, 2017 and the participants were later announced on November 23.
The tournament included Go Shiozaki from Pro Wrestling Noah who made his first appearance in a D-Oh Grand Prix as did Shinya Aoki, Sammy Guevara, Mao and Puma King.
Because Konosuke Takeshita entered the tournament as the reigning Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion, multiple matches in block B and the finals of the tournament were contested for the title due to its 24/7 rule.
Francis J. Cain (December 20, 1922 – March 14, 2019) was an American politician and insurance agent who served as the 35th Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
On December 20, 1922, Cain was born in Fanny Allen Hospital (now the University of Vermont Medical Center) in Colchester, Vermont to Leo and Mary Cain.
In 1940 he graduated from Cathedral High School and in 1943 graduated from Saint Michael's College with a bachelor’s degree in English literature.
In 1947 Cain married Mary Jane Allen whom he would later have ten children with and would remain married with for the rest of his life.
In 1962 Cain was elected as an alderman from city ward one to succeed William L. Wright who was not seeking reelection.
On February 5 Cain won the Democratic nomination with 399 votes against city representative Richard Schmidt's 240 votes at the nomination caucus and on March 2 he defeated incumbent Republican mayor Edward Keenan with 5,520 votes against Keenan's 3,447 votes.
On April 19 he resigned from his position as alderman to prepare for his mayoral duties and on June 7, 1965, he was inaugurated as mayor by the city clerk.
While Vermont counties were debating over the creation of sales taxes Cain asked a city attorney to create a sales tax proposal for Burlington that would be given to a city committee to study.
In 1971 Cain chose not to run for a fourth term as mayor stating that three terms were enough, but left open the possibility of him running for statewide or federal office; although he later chose not to run in the 1972 House election against expectations.
After leaving the mayoralty Cain was elected to the presidency of the Greater Burlington Improvement Corporation which he served as until 1973.
In 1974 he attempted to win Vermont's open House seat, but was defeated by state Attorney General Jim Jeffords in a landslide.
In 1975 Cain was appointed to the Lake Champlain Regional Chamber of Commerce and two years later was elected as its president.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Christian Latouche (born 1939/1940) is a French billionaire businessman, and the founder, owner and CEO of Fiducial SA, a global accounting company.
The Verienigung Erzgebirge is a social and soccer team based in Warminster, Pennsylvania that currently competes in the United Soccer League of Pennsylvania, an amateur league recognized by USASA Region I.
The club was founded by German American immigrants from the Erzgebirge region of eastern Germany in 1931 and is now home to many of their descendants.
Lindsay Davenport and Lisa Raymond were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, by defeating Meghann Shaughnessy and Paola Suárez 6–2, 6–4 in the final.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Robert Reiner (18 August, 1880 Nürtingen, Württemberg, Germany - 22 August, 1960 Jersey City, New Jersey) was a machinist, entrepreneur and businessman.
By the 1950s, the area known as North Hudson which includes the modern day municipalities of Weehawken, Union City, West New York and Guttenberg had developed into one of the largest centers for machine embroidery in the world.
He was a member of the US Chamber of Commerce, the NY Board of Trade, and was president of the American-German Chamber of Commerce until WWII.
In October 1928 he was one of twenty passengers aboard the Graf Zeppelin during its first trans Atlantic commercial passenger flight, flying from Friedrichshafen, Germany to Lakehurst, NJ.
A photo taken in NJ circa 1903 shows an advertisement for the Robert Reiner Importing Company on the side of a horse drawn wagon.
Many Swiss and Germans immigrated to Hudson county at the beginning of the century, and helped to build the industry there.
Reiner's connection to VOMAG enabled him to become the sole importer of their machines The machines were manufactured in Germany at the VOMAG factory and then assembled in NJ.
Reiner imported semi automated schiffli machines which used a pantograph as well as fully automated schiffli machines which were programmed using a Jacquard punch card reader.
The pages show awards won by VOMAG at various European expositions, and side by side portraits of Robert Reinier and the late Robert Zahn.
The catalog advertises: ten and 15-meter embroidery machines, demonstrations using the customer's own design, training, and also parts and technical support for other brands.
This is a list of notable California suffragists who were politically active before and during the successful Proposition 4 in 1911 which gave women won the right to vote.
The following cast members have been credited in the opening titles of single episodes in which they play a significant role.
With circumstantial evidence of possible money laundering in the Trump organization, the House Oversight Committee had subpoenaed numerous records from the President's accounting firm, Mazars, Deutsche Bank and other companies.
The President sued, and the subpoena was blocked while the case wound its way through the courts, losing in district court and on appeal.
The Supreme Court agreed to continue the block for a few days, ordering the House Counsel to submit a rebuttal by November 21, which it did.
Seán Little was shot dead on 21 May 2019 and his body was found beside a burning Opel Insignia at Rowan's Little, near Walshestown, near junction 5 of the M1.
He was 22, associated with the leader of a Finglas-based gang and allegedly had close links to Dublin members of the Kinahan gang.
Gardaí are investigating several lines of inquiry, including the murder being retaliation by another gang or Mr. Sanambar being set up by his own associates.
Eoin Boylan was shot dead on 24 November 2019 in the garden of his home on Clonsaugh Avenue, Coolock, around 5:15pm.
He had been formally warned by Gardaí that his life was in danger and he was advised to leave the area for safety.
The brig was , Captain Charles Rubridge, which was bringing some diplomatic mail and was unaware that the United States had declared war on the United Kingdom.
Bismarck René Montiel Ávalos (born 5 March 1995) is a Nicaraguan footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Diriangén FC and the Nicaragua national team.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 5 August 1875 as the election of Thomas Hungerford was overturned by the Election and Qualifications Committee on the basis that two polls were taken at Belltrees.
Thomas Hungerford also lodged a petition, in which he alleged John McElhone committed acts of bribary and corruption by supplying electors with food, drink and transport.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 38 and UHF channel 19, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
The dachas of Novosibirsk residents and swamp forests are located along the canal; The Nizhnyaya Yeltsovka River flows into the canal near its confluence with the Ob.
Admar Gonzaga Neto (born 25 July 1960) is a Brazilian attorney, jurist and current General Secretary of Alliance for Brazil (APB).
With electoral career since 1993, Admar was member of the Jurists Special Committee created to propose changes to the Electoral Code.
Bachelor of Laws for the Brasília Universitary Center, he was a public employee at the Santa Catarina State Bank, typist and legal advisor in the Chamber of Deputies, besides legislative technical analyst, being transferred to the Federal Senate and place in the Democrats (DEM) leadership, which he was legislative advisor in the 1988 Constituent National Assembly.
Began advocating in 1993 and was legal advisor and national delegate of the then Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB, current PP), legal advisor and national delegate of the Liberal Front Party (PFL), and legal advisor of Democrats (DEM).
In 1998, Gonzaga advocated for the reelection campaign of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB), and in 2010 advocated for the campaign of Dilma Rousseff (PT).
He is member of the Brazilian Institute of Electoral Law, author of books and manuals of Electoral Law, professor and lecturer of events about the subject.
He took the seat left from Justice Henrique Neves da Silva, who became Efective Justice after the end of Marcelo Ribeiro's term.
International Medical Products Price Guide, formerly known as International Drug Price Indicator Guide, lists drug price information for WHO Essential Medicines.
The guide has been published annually since 1986 with the World Health Organization becoming involved in 2000, though has not been updated since 2015.
The guide includes these for information purpose only and cautions that buyer prices should not be used as an international reference price.
The prices generally do not include transportation or insurance costs, and an additional handling fees may be charged by some suppliers.
The degree to which this price is representative internationally depends on the quantity of suppliers quoting a price for a given product.
A price survey can compare the local price to this international reference price, and may assess the affordability of treatment in terms of local wages.
The WHO/HAI project selects 50 medicines to survey, including 14 global core medicines, 16 regional core medicines and 20 supplementary medicines.
Dividing the median unit local procurement price for each medicine, by the median unit price from international suppliers in the guide, produces the Median Price Ratio (MPR).
Generally, in the developing world, the availability of medicines (including essential medicines) through the public health sector is low, requiring individuals to purchase from the private sector.
The prices in the private sector are often many times (and can be up to 80 times) the international reference price.
External reference pricing is the practice of setting drug prices in one country by comparing to a basket of prices from other countries.
For example, Pakistan uses prices from Bangladesh and India, while Iran uses prices from Greece, Spain, Turkey and the drug country of origin.
Drug price data from LMICs can be lacking, and in such situations, international medicine prices can be obtained from the International Medical Products Price Guide.
The defined daily dose is not a standard therapeutic dose nor necessarily agree with any average prescribed daily dose in practice.
While this technical metric could be used, for example, to compare the costs of two formulations of the same drug, WHO state that it should not be used for detailed pricing or therapeutic-class cost comparisons.
Both the ACT code and DDD are deliberately stable and if typical therapeutic use of the drug or prescribing practice changes or varies between countries, the codes may not reflect local or current practice.
Pier Domenico Della Valle (born 4 May 1970) is a Sammarinese former footballer who played as a midfielder and made 21 appearances for the San Marino national team.
Della Valle made his international debut for San Marino on 16 October 1991 in a UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying match against Bulgaria, which finished as a 0–4 away loss.
He went on to make 21 appearances, scoring 1 goal, before making his last appearance on 7 October 2000 in a 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Scotland, which finished as a 0–2 home loss.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The September 20, 1981, shipwreck of the riverboat was one of the worst maritime tragedies in the history of the Amazon River.
The riverboat was making its weekly trip between Santarém and Manaus and was claimed to be overcrowded when it sank in Óbidos harbour.
Of 500 people estimated to have been aboard, at least 178 had survived as reported by the Captain, Elio Palhares, that day.
After investigating numerous possibilities, including botos (river dolphins), caimans, and piranha, Wade concluded that the culprits were likely hordes of piraiba and redtail (banana) catfish, drawn by chum from nearby fish processing operations, probably joined by the black piranha and other small carnivorous fish.
Crunchyroll Expo (CRX) is an annual three-day anime convention held during August/September at the San Jose McEnery Convention Center in San Jose, California over Labor Day weekend.
MAGWest was held the same weekend, and the conventions partnered to allow attendees to participate in limited events at the other.
Sowbridge Branch drains of area, receives about 45.4 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 649.54 and is about 19% forested.
In the Gopalan Trophy match in 1967-68, opening the bowling with Sarath Wimalaratne, who took five wickets in each innings, Samarasekera took 4 for 44 and 2 for 48 in the victory for the Ceylon Board President's Under-27s XI over Madras.
He toured Pakistan in 1973-74, playing in four of the eight first-class matches, but other bowlers were preferred for the two matches against Pakistan.
The 1934 Kentucky State Thorobreds football team was an American football team that represented Kentucky State Industrial College (now known as Kentucky State University) as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1934 college football season.
In their fourth season under head coach Henry Kean, the team compiled an 8–0 record, won the MAA championship, shut out seven of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 193 to 2.
After both JCPenney and Target moved to other developments in Council Bluffs, it began a sharp decline in tenancy throughout the 2010s.
Developed by General Growth Properties, it was the second mall in the Council Bluffs area after Midlands Mall, which was located downtown and which was redeveloped after Mall of the Bluffs opened.
Many inline tenants had closed or relocated following the relocation of both J. C. Penney and Target, creating further vacancy issues throughout; despite this, Planet Fitness replaced Barnes & Noble shortly after the purchase by Namdar.
Council Bluffs Community School District purchased the former Target building in 2019 and began using it as a temporary relocation of two local middle schools which would be undergoing renovation.
Call of the Rockies is a 1938 American western film directed by Alan James, starring Charles Starrett, Donald Grayson, and Iris Meredith.
They also felt the direction was good, and the singing of Grayson and the Sons of the Pioneers added to the picture.
In 1940 Roesgen-Champion founded a concert series entitled Suites Française which was used a showcase for students of distinction from the Paris Conservatory.
Terminal end buds (TEBs) are highly proliferative structures at the ends of elongating lactiferous ducts which are involved in development of the mammary glands.
He is best known for his candid photographs of well known musicians 21 Savage, A$AP Rocky, Drake, Swae Lee, Billie Eilish, Lil Uzi Vert, Mac Miller, Nipsey Hussle, Gucci Mane and Young Thug among others.
In 2014, he began spending more time with, and subsequently shooting portraits of, then up and coming musicians like Swae Lee.
It is situated north of the Canada–United States border, southeast of Mount MacFarlane, and north-northwest of Slesse Mountain, which is its nearest higher peak.
The mountain's name was submitted by Glenn Woodsworth of the Alpine Club of Canada based on the popular cross-over hike from the Pierce Lake trail to the Slesse trail on opposite sides of the peak.
Crossover Peak is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Crossover Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Dennis Smarsch (born 14 January 1999) is a German footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hertha BSC, whom he joined in 2017.
He made his professional debut on 24 November 2019, when he came on as a substitute after the dismissal of Rune Jarstein in the 28th minute of Hertha's 4–0 defeat at FC Augsburg; they were 2–0 down at the time he came on.
The Merry Wives of Windsor is a 1910 silent short historical comedy based on the play by William Shakespeare directed by Francis Boggs and produced by the Selig Polyscope Company.
Louis Armstrong and His Friends is an album by the Louis Armstrong recorded in 1970 and originally released by Flying Dutchman on their Amsterdam subsidiary label.
The 1935 Kentucky State Thorobreds football team was an American football team that represented Kentucky State Industrial College (now known as Kentucky State University) as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1935 college football season.
In their fourth season under head coach Henry Kean, the team compiled an 8–0 record, won the MAA championship, shut out seven of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 192 to 42.
In particular, Dahl noted that the outermost sigilla in the anterior row are very close to the anterior spines, instead of partway between the anterior and median spines.
He also served in the Texas Senate from the 3rd district, he was also president pro tempore of the Texas Senate in the Seventieth Texas Legislature.
Roy Morris Blake was born March 29, 1928 in Nacogdoches, Texas to Lynn T. and Pattie Lee Hall Blake, he was the youngest of 6 children.
In 1945, he graduated from Nacogdoches High School, he then attended Texas A&M University for 1 year before enrolling in the US Navy to fight in World War II.
Blake died on March 4, 2017 at his home in Nacogdoches, Texas at the age 88, he was under hospice care.
Blake began his political career by being elected to the Nacogdoches City Commission in 1965, he served 6 years or 3 terms on the commission.
The 2020 Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns softball team will represent the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2020 NCAA Division I softball season.
Louisiana was picked to finish first in the Sun Belt Conference with 100 votes and 10 first place votes, all first place votes available.
Slaughter Creek drains of area, receives about 45.5 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 798.73 and is about 4% forested.
Her notable works include: Wo De Wei Lai Bu Shi Meng, Give My Special Love to the Special You, Follow Your Feeling, Ai Jiu Yi Ge Zi, etc.
She took on the responsibilities of naming, planning, and organizing the event as well as convincing various record label companies to participate and eventually  more than 20 top artists supported the event, including Chyi Yu, Wakin Chau, Harlem Yu, Chiang Yu-Heng, Yeh Huan, Chang Yu-Sheng, Pauline Lan, Tai-Yan Yu, Christine Hsu, Tseng Shu-Chin, Xue Yue, and more; they collectively utilized their influence as musicians to embrace runaway children.
In 1995, the shadow of de-China-fication was cast over Taiwanese culture and many traditional Chinese based creators began to migrate from Taiwan.
Chia-Li Chen immigrated to Canada for 10 years before moving to Beijing to gain an in-depth experience of life in China.
There, she came to know an exceptional ophthalmologist who led his community to provide free care for the Tibetan people of Qinghai and help them restore their vision.
Throughout her career, Chia-Li Chen's lyrical work has rotated between two worlds of absolutes; one was a sea of emotions while the other resembled the radiance of a sunny day.
She believes that the soul of a song resides in the title and that every melody possesses its own tone of voice.
Her creative style is a mastery of establishing a song title and the precise grasp of tone, resulting in the creation of countless classics.
Louis Rorimer (September 12, 1872 – November 30, 1939) was an American artist, an instructor at the Cleveland School of Art, and the founder of Rorimer-Brooks Co.
At the age of sixteen, Rohrheimer left to study in Europe at the Königliche Kunstgewerbeschule München in Munich and the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs and Académie Julian in Paris.
Rohrheimer returned to Cleveland in 1893, founded Rohrheimer Design in 1896, and taught at the Cleveland School of Art from 1898-1936.
That same year he purchased the Brooks Household Arts Co. and merged it with his own studio to create the Rorimer-Brooks Studios or Rorimer Brooks Co.
The women's water polo tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the New Clark City Aquatics Center, Tarlac, Philippines from 26 November to 1 December 2019.
The competition was held in a double round-robin format, where Thailand, winners of the previous two editions, dominated the three-team field en route to the gold medal.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
He is currently playing for the Toronto Marlies in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Hollowell played 38 games with the Niagara Rivermen Minor Midget hockey club, where he tallied 8 goals and 19 assists for 27 points.
He returned to the Greyhounds where he ended the 2017–18 season fifth amongst leading scoring OHL defencemen with 12 goals and 44 assists in 63 games.
Due to his play, Hollowell was drafted in the fourth round of the 2018 NHL Entry Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs.
He was invited to attend the Toronto Marlies training camp but was returned to the Greyhounds prior to the 2018–19 season.
Prior to the start of his season as an overager, Hollowell was named an alternate captain alongside Jordan Sambrook and Morgan Frost.
At the conclusion of his OHL career, Hollowell joined the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League during their Calder Cup run.
Friedrich Graetz or Grätz (April 3, 1842, Frankfurt am Main – November 28, 1912 Vienna, Austria) was an illustrator and cartoonist.
They are shown building a wall against the Chinese at the same time that the Chinese are removing their own barriers to trade.
Congress had passed the The Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, and was manipulating prejudice and fear against minority groups to support anti-Chinese trade policies.
The deadly disease is opposed by an array of tiny figures: a boat representing the Board of Health, cannons loaded with carbolic acid, thymol and chloride of lime, and a frail line of human defenders.
The building in the illustration has been identified as Castle Clinton, an immigrant processing center in the Battery Park area of New York City.
The Alchemist of the Past, as noted in the illustration, could not make gold out of anything, but the Alchemist of the Present profits by making things out of almost everything.
Because he spoke little or no English, proposed work had to be described to him extremely precisely by a German-speaking staff member.
Rated a three-star recruit, Arnette originally committed to play college football at South Carolina during the summer going into his senior year before changing his commitment to Ohio State on national signing day.
He played in 13 of Ohio State's games the following season as a key reserve at defensive back and recorded 21 tackles with one interception.
As a redshirt sophomore, Arnette started 12 of the Buckeyes 14 games and led the team's cornerbacks with 44 tackles with two interceptions and eight passes broken up and was named honorable mention All-Big Ten Conference.
Arnette originally planned to leave school and forgo his final season of NCAA eligibility to enter the 2019 NFL draft, but eventually decided to return to Ohio State for his final year of eligibility.
The 1953 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1953 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a perfect 12–0 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 387 to 88.
Cathy Sandeen is an American academic administrator who has served as the Chancellor of the University of Alaska Anchorage since September of 2018.
Sandeen earned a bachelor’s degree in speech-language pathology from Humboldt State University and a master’s degree in broadcast communication from San Francisco State University.
She then earned a Master of Business Administration from the UCLA Anderson School of Management a Ph.D in communication from the University of Utah.
Prior to joining the University of Alaska, Sandeen served as the chancellor of the University of Wisconsin Colleges and University of Wisconsin–Extension.
Sandeen previously served as dean of Continuing Education at UCLA Extension from 2006 to 2012, and vice provost and dean of the University Extension and summer session at University of California, Santa Cruz from 2000 to 2006.
The 2019–20 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team represents the University of Delaware during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Blue Hens are led by fourth-year head coach Martin Ingelsby and play their home games at the Bob Carpenter Center as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
The album debuted at number 30 on the Oricon Album Weekly Charts, remained in top 100 chart for 5 weeks and sold over 30,100 copies.
He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2009 to 2013 and again from 2017 until his death in 2019.
In 1995, he founded his own company, Cyber Solutions GmbH which was one of the companies that set up the wireless internet service in Munich’s English Garden.
He served only one term as the Free Democrats failed to reach the five percent threshold in the 2013 election, costing it all of its seats.
Hotel Ottilia is a 155-room boutique hotel operated by Brøchner Hotels in two former brewery buildings in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark.
In 1870, J. C. Jacobsen's Carlsberg Brewery was extended with an annexed brewery, which was leased by J. C. Jacobsen's son Carl Jacobsen after disagreements with his father.
With his father's consent he named it Ny Carlsberg (New Carlsberg), while Carlsberg's name was changed to Gammel Carlsberg (English: Old Carlsberg).
The old part of the building is constructed in red brick with arched windows, A Lomvard band is seen under the roof.
The facade towards Pasteursvej is dominated by60 golden mosaic discs in 5 rows, representing the horizontally placed, culindrical tanks(with golden beer) with the same diameter that were originally located on the other side of the wall.
The buildings were adapted for their new use as hotel by Poul Schülein from Arkitema Architects in collaboration with professor Christoffer Harlang from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Art.
The challenge of letting daylight into Storage Cellar 3 towards Pasteursvej was solved by creating tall, narrow windows on each side of the discks.
On the other side of the building, towards Bryggernes Torw, each of the discks were complemented by shallow , round niches in the brickwork.
The people seen on the facade of the old building include Louis Pasteur (by Paul Dubois), Gabriel Sedlmayr (by Ferdinand Miller) and Emil Christian Hansen (Nicolai Outzen Schmidt), The bust on the facade of Storage Cellar 3 depicts a number of members of the Jacobsen family, including I. C. Jacobsen, Carl Jacobsen and Ottilia Jacobsen.
The 1958 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.
In their tenth season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a 10–0–1 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 369 to 101.
She is the 2017 winner of the William G. Hunter Award of the Statistics Division of the American Society for Quality, recognizing her promotion of statistical thinking both in her work at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and in local community activism.
He was also executive vice president (EVP) and chief global marketing and sales officer at E-Trade and CEO of tablet gaming company Discovery Bay Games.
He joined Microsoft's Global Windows Group as CVP of product management in 2005, leading preparations for the release of Longhorn (later called Windows Vista).
Of the 49 deceased prime ministers, 30 eventually became the oldest of their lifetime, while 19 did not (including 4 of the 7 prime ministers who died in office, Earl of Wilmington, Henry Pelham, and Viscount Palmerston being the only exceptions).
Henry Addington became the oldest living prime minister when Duke of Grafton died in 1811 and remained so until his death in 1844, for a record of almost 33 years.
Edward Heath became the oldest living prime minister after the death of James Callaghan, but he survived Callaghan by only 113 days.
On two occasions the oldest living prime minister lost this distinction not by his death, but due to the appointment of a prime minister who was older.
Robert Walpole lost this distinction when Earl of Wilmington was appointed, then a year later when Wilmington died in office Walpole regained it until his own death in 1745 for a total period of 22 years, and 207 days.
Consequently, Rosebery too was the oldest living prime minister twice: first from 1903 to 1905 (after the death of Lord Salisbury), and a second time after Campbell-Bannerman's death in 1908 until his own death in 1929 for a total period of 23 years, and 134 days.
Anthony Eden, who was 79 years and 216 days old when he died, was the oldest prime minister to die without also being the oldest prime minister.
Harold Wilson who died on 24 May 1995 at 79 years and 74 days old, is the most recent prime minister to die without ever acquiring this distinction.
This temple was built in 1984 and Vijayadashami festival celebrate hear, this temple is becomes a land mark in Visakhapatnam Beach Road and a good tourist destination.
The 1964 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season.
In their 16th season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a perfect 9–0 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 303 to 110.
As Director and Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society from 1945 until 1975, he helped organize the first ascent of Mount Everest in 1953.
He served as assistant director of the Egyptian government's Archaeological Survey of Nubia from 1929 to 1934 and then as field director of Oxford University's expeditions to Nubia between 1934 and 1937.
With the onset of the Second World War, he became a reserve officer in the Territorial Army, but in 1942 he became a staff officer attached to the Ministry of Defence.
In 1958, Kirwan was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG), which was raised to Knight Commander in 1972.
Natural Fibre Park or Natural Fibre Factory is a Government of Kerala owned factory producing materials from natural fibres, situated at Chavara in Kollam city of Kerala, India.
The fibre park is aimed to produce mainly Coir geotextiles or coir blankets, also called Coir Bhoovastra(A woven or knitted net material made from coconut husk) which can be used for preventing soil erosion, constructing roads, renovation of water bodies and landfills.
The album was exclusively released to MTN Music Plus for a while before it was made available in physical stores nationwide and global stores on December 10, 2016.
He is Chief of Surgical Innovation and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Surgery at North Shore University Hospital / Northwell Health, and Professor of Surgery, Medicine, and Pediatrics at Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell.
EPM completed the early admission combined college and medical school program (MMEDIC) at Boston University with the degrees of BA and MD (Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa).
His residency training and Chief Residency was at Barnes-Jewish Hospital - Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and his clinical fellowship in adult and pediatric abdominal organ transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh.
He performed the first split liver transplant at the University of Arizona, where a single liver was split into 2 parts, the smaller one being transplanted into a 6 month old girl and the larger one being transplanted into an adult.
He also authored 8 books: Atlas of Liver Transplantation (translated into Chinese and Japanese), Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation (translated into Spanish), Thyroidectomy: Anatomical Basis of Surgical Technique (translated into Spanish), and Liver Transplantation (currently in press, McGraw Hill).
While at Johns Hopkins, EPM was awarded a Faculty Research Fellowship by the American College of Surgeons as well as the Bernard Amos Young Investigator Immunology Award for his work on proteomic characterization of organ transplant rejection.
Mathieu Olivier (born February 11, 1997) is an American-born Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Milwaukee Admirals in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Nashville Predators in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Olivier as a youth played with the Lévis Commandeurs in the QMAAA before he was selected 117th overall by the Moncton Wildcats in the 2013 Quebec Major Junior Hockey League Entry Draft.
Signing with the Moncton, Olivier embarked on a major junior career in the QMJHL, playing with the Wildcats, Shawinigan Cataractes and the Sherbrooke Phoenix.
Undrafted, Olivier played 5 seasons in the QMJHL before agreeing to his first professional contract during the 2017–18 season, with the Milwaukee Admirals on February 19, 2018.
He remained with the Phoenix as an alternate captain, reaching the second round of the post-season, recording 6 points in 10 games.
In his first professional season, Olivier led the AHL with 9 fights and finished tops among Milwaukee with 91 penalty minutes.
Re-assigned to continue his tenure with the Admirals to start the 2019–20 season, Olivier had 7 points in 17 games before earning his first recall to the Predators on November 18, 2019.
He made his NHL debut, appearing on the fourth-line with the Predators in a 2-1 defeat to the Winnipeg Jets on November 19, 2019.
The 1937 Morgan Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1937 college football season.
In their ninth season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled a 7–0 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out five of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 168 to 19.
The school's newly-constructed stadium was formally opened on October 17, 1937, in a dedication ceremony prior to the football game against .
Karichal Chundan is a famous snake boat (Chundan vallam) that belongs to a village called Karichal which is located at the south of Veeyapuram Panchayat in Karthikappally taluk, Alappuzha, Kerala.
Karichal Chundan has won the most number of trophies in Nehru Trophy Boat Race and also won many trophies in different boat races(Vallam kali).Karichal Chundan is known as the Emperor of snake boat races.
He studied at Shanghai Datong High School before testing into the Department of Education of East China Normal University in 1962.
After graduating in 1968, he worked at a military farm for a year and then became a teacher at a secondary normal school in Shandong.
After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Lu was accepted by the joint master's program of Shandong Normal University and East China Normal University in 1979, and studied philosophy of education under renowned scholars and Zhang Wenyu 张文郁.
He became a full professor in 1988 and a doctoral advisor in 1990, and served as Chair of the Department of Education of Shandong Normal University.
He was awarded a special pension for distinguished scholars by the State Council of China in 1991, the Tsang Hin-chi Education Award in 1993, and the Baosteel Excellent Teacher Award in 2000.
William Gibson: A Literary Companion is a 2011 book by Tom Henthorne, published by McFarland & Company, focused on analyzing the works of American science-fiction writer William Gibson.
The 1943 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1943 college football season.
In their 15th season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled a 5–0 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out five of seven opponents, did not allow opponents to score a points, and outscored all opponents by a total of 166 to 0.
Many reports on alleged mishaps in the days leading up to the official opening of the games were found to be misleading or false.
Archana Ramasundaram (born 1 October 1957) also spelt as Archana Ramasundram is a retired Indian police officer who was a member of Tamil Nadu Police.
She served in the Indian Police Service (ISP) for 37 years until her retirement in 2018 and was notably the first woman police officer of India to lead a central paramilitary force.
In May 2014, she joined the CBI as additional director and was the first woman officer in India to be inducted as an additional director in the Central Bureau of Investigation.
Her appointment was legally challenged by the Government of Tamil Nadu at the Supreme Court considering it as an illegal appointment and the Supreme Court gave verdict against the appointment of Archana.
She was also suspended from the post of DGP by the Tamil Nadu government for not requesting permission prior to the appointment.
In 2015, she was sacked from the CBI and was appointed as the Director General of the National Crime Records Bureau.
However she was nominated for the position of CBI chief in 2017 despite her controversial selection into the CBI in 2015.
On 3 February 2016, she was appointed as the Director General of Sashastra Seema Bal and was the first woman police officer to be officially appointed to lead a paramilitary force.
Mims returned for his senior year in 2019 and started all 13 games for Baylor, recording 66 receptions for 1,020 yards and 12 touchdowns.
The final game of his collegiate career was the 2020 Sugar Bowl, which featured two 11-2 teams in the Baylor Bears and the Georgia Bulldogs.
In that game, Mims led the Baylor offense in receiving yards, finishing with five receptions for 75 yards, and scoring the team's lone receiving touchdown.
He is the managing director of ITV Network (Information Tv Pvt Ltd), an Indian media company which runs India News, NewsX and The Sunday Guardian.
He is the managing director of Piccadilly Group, a hospitality and industrial venture, which runs the Hyatt branded Hyatt Regency hotels in Gurgaon and Ludhiana, and the Hilton branded Hilton Hotel in Delhi.
He is the youngest son of Indian National Congress politicians Venod Sharma and Shakti Rani Sharma, and has one brother Manu Sharma and a sister.
Sharma married Aishwarya Sharma in 2011 she is the daughter of Indian National Congress politician Kuldeep Sharma, former speaker of Haryana States Assembly.
He also launched a network of regional TV channels through India News; as of 2015 India News operated five regional channels broadcasting across Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Jharkhand.
He entered the print media with the acquisition of The Sunday Guardian, an English language Sunday newspaper, and Aaj Samaj, a Hindi language daily newspaper.
Apart from his business in the media sector, Sharma is the promoter of the Hyatt Regency, Gurgaon and Hyatt Regency, Ludhiana, and Hilton Hotel in Delhi.
The date of Chapman's birth is unknown, but is estimated to be around 1804 or 1810 in Oswego County, New York.
Chapman was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Jackson County district from 1849 to 1850, while concurrently serving as Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives during his single term.
The 1944 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1944 college football season.
In their 16th season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled a 6–1 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out five of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 218 to 5.
Nehemiah 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 14th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
In English bibles, this chapter is divided into 23 verses, but in Hebrew texts 4:1-6 is numbered 3:33-38, and 4:7-23 is numbered 4:1-17.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
On discovering 'the systematic design of refortifying Jerusalem', the Samaritan faction represented by Sanballat showed their bitter animosity to the Jews and in heaping scoffs and insults, as well as all sorts of disparaging words, their feelings of hatred and contempt increased.
In this section he described the plot (verses 7–), discouragement (), threats and rumors () against him, but then he found his resolve () and executed his contigency plans ().
The Jews were completely encircled by the enemies: the Samaritans (Sanballat) in the north, the Ammonites (Tobiah) in the east, the Arabians (Geshem) in the south, and the Ashdodites in the east.
Vizag Central is a shopping mall in Visakhapatnam, India, located on the Suryabagh the mall is operating with the Central Brand .
The band was started by Blair Dreelan in 2015 with Andy Fowler as the first recruit, shortly followed by Rye Beaumont and Brooklyn Wyatt.
Originally the band lived at Dreelan's flat before moving into their own for six months and then moving to a house in late 2018, where they launched their second chapter, RoadTrip 2.0.
On 8 December 2019, after much speculation, Duff announced his departure from the band to pursue his own solo musical career.
He later moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan, where he started his law career, and in 1832 built the first dwelling in Kalamazoo.
Henri Théophile Hildibrand (19 June 1824, Paris - 13 August 1897, Pacy-sur-Eure) was a French wood engraver; primarily for the firms of Hetzel and Hachette.
At that time, he became one of the best known engravers of the works of Gustave Doré and a master of colored engraving.
Together with , Charles Barbant and, for a time, Fortuné Méaulle, he worked with Hachette on their series for young readers.
This is the story of how she succeeds in her studies, overcoming the new relationships that refuse to accept her in a house that has broken into both families.
She holds a BA in theater arts from Cornell University and an MFA in film studies from the San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI).
Dr. Geraldine Hancock Forbes is a professor in the department of History at State University of New York Oswego, withthe rank of Distinguished Teaching Professor.
She then worked in History Department, State University of New York Oswego in 1971 as Assistant Professor;in 1974 as Associate Professor; in 1981 as Professor; and 1998 as Distinguished Teaching Professor.
Concurrently to serving as the Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives, he served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Kent and Ottawa County district from January 4, 1847 to 1850.
The 1933 Morgan Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1933 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled a 9–0 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 319 to 6.
Morgan players receiving first-team All-CIAA honors included Wilson at quarterback, Troupe at fullback, Conrad at left halfback, Crawford at right end, Williams at left tackle, and Hill at center.
The 1946 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1946 college football season.
In their 18th season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled an 8–0 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 151 to 31.
Key players on the 1946 team included backs Terry Day and George Watkins, quarterbacks Cyril Byron and Oscar Givens, fullback George Rooks, halfback Jonathan Campbell, center Earl F. Couch II, tackles Bertram Coppock and Lorenzo Thomas, end Joseph Eggleston, placekicker Willard Jones, and punter Tippy Day.
The World Bank Group, composed of five institutions, works together with the Panamanian government using sustainable solutions to reduce poverty and increase prosperity.
In the past decade, Panama's annual growth has increased by 7.2% in the span of 12 years, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
As of 2019, Panama has $435.59 million US dollars being distributed amongst seven projects, all geared toward their overall goal of poverty reduction and indigenous inclusion.
Continuing with their efforts to reduce extreme poverty, the World Bank along with efforts of the Panamanian government has reduced poverty from 39.9% to 26.2% while extreme poverty has been reduced by an estimated 15.6% to 11.3% from 2014-2019.
Currently, Panama has projects with three institutions of the World Bank given they are not eligible for IDA Loans and have no connections with ICSID.
Working together, these five institutions and the Panamanian government developed the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) of 2015-2021 in 2015 to outline the specific areas needed for improvement and development in the country.
As outlined by this plan, there are three specific areas of focus needed for the continued improvement of the country: the support of continued growth, the inclusion and opportunity for growth of marginalized and indigenous communities and supporting resilience and sustainability through the country.
Following the goals of the CPF, the Panamanian government ensures the support of growth through the economy with investments in infrastructure and logistics projects.
Additionally, the Panamanian government has increased funding for the tourism sector as it has shown to increase economic growth by 0.4% in Latin America countries.
The Support for the National Indigenous Peoples Development Plan was first voted on March 15, 2018 as part of Panamas continuous efforts of increased inclusivity and fairness.
The project itself is set to cost an estimated $85.20 million US dollars with a commitment of $80.00 million US dollars made by the World Bank.
The goal of this plan is to strengthen the capacity of Indigenous authorities to decide on investments of Indigenous land and resources used by the government.
The implementation process in the year of 2019 has been delayed mainly due to elections and changes in government in Panama, all which began in February 2019.
In response, the Indigenous communities of Panama have expressed their need for urgent implementation and demanded the Panamanian government begin implementation before the end of 2019.
In their efforts to strengthen shared prosperity in Panama, the Panamanian government, along with the help of the World Bank, approved the Burunga Wastewater Management Project in March 17, 2017.
This project is set to cost roughly $81.20 million US dollars, with a commitment of $65.00 million US dollars made by the World Bank.
According to the World Bank, this project is set to address the serious health risks that arise from the untreated wastewater in Panama.
Problems of internal efficiency have been cited as the number one obstacle in Panamas education system, that of which most effects the poor and indigenous.
In total, the program cost $42.00 million US dollars, with a commitment amount of $35 million US dollars from the World Bank.
The goals of this project were to improve the quality of basic and secondary education programs, increase internal efficiency amongst these programs, and lastly, to enhance the performance and strategic plans of the Ministry of Education (Ministerio de Educacion) in Panama.
From 2009 to 2013, enrollment for pre-primary school increased from 62.1% to 70.7%, pre-middle school increased from 85.1% to 97.6%, middle school registration increased from 52.3% to 79.9%, while the overall drop-out rates decreased from 5.1% to 3.1 percent in 2012.
The country now is a financial contributor to the World Bank to help other, rather than an aid recipient in the old days.
Under the help and cooperation with the World Bank, South Korea became a rapid growth country in economy begin in the 1970s, and it now became a large shareholder of the institution to help out other developing countries.
In the lending history between the World Bank and South Korea, the country has received financial help from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) and International Development Association(IDA), combined 133 credit or loan projects, with total commitment amount of $15,591,567,617.10 The last approved project to the country was on Oct 1998, and the last project got fully repaid by South Korea was one June 2002.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) of the World Bank Group also provide investment to private sectors in South Korea in the 2000s, there are total three investment projects that involved 150 million USD.
As South Korea has been the top 15 largest economy in the world for the since 2010s, it is now an important financial contributor to the World Bank Group instead of a borrower a few decades ago.
There are different types of joint projects, funds, and initiatives between the South Korea government and the World Bank groups, and each of them carries different functions and purposes.
The KWPF is an initiative under the direct cooperation between the World Bank Group and the Korea’s Ministry of Economy and Finance to help out other developing member countries.
There are three phases under the plan currently that provides totally 320 million USD by the end of fiscal year of 2023.
To better incorporate the World Bank's goals and core ideas and improve the partnership between the organization and the country, a new main office and liaison office was set up in South Korea in December 2013.
The World Bank and South Korea agreed to an extension to this office agreement for three more years in April, 2018.
One of the current joint project under the Trust Fund Agreement, is the Korea Trust Fund for Economic & Peace-Building Transitions.
South Korea is in the constituency group EDS09 with Australia, Cambodia, Kiribati, Republic of Korea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.The current Executive Director of this constituency is Kunil Hwang, he has serve this position since November 2018.
The 1949 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1949 college football season.
In their 20th season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled an 8–0 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 226 to 33.
The Executive Council of Kano is a constitutional organ which exercises executive power in the Nigerian administrative unit of Kano State.
The Council is presided over by a Governor, Deputy Governor or a senior minister acting with the powers of the Governor.
Her grandfather Wu Hongjian () was a member of the China Democratic League and vice chairman of the Tianshui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Her great-uncle Wu Hongbin () was mayor of Tianshui, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of Gansu Provincial People's Congress and executive vice chairman of Gansu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
She received her Bachelor of Science degree in 1990 at Lanzhou University and completed his doctoral work in 1995 at the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences under the supervision of .
She is now a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
T. L. Venkatarama Iyer (25 November 1893 - 1971) was a Judge of the Supreme Court of India, a Carnatic musician and a musicologist.
His father, M. Lakshmanasuri was a Sanskrit scholar and was instrumental in bringing up his son to the level he achieved later in life.
Venkatarama Iyer was a close relative of Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar and was a disciple of Ambi Dikshitar, a grand-nephew of Muthuswami Dikshitar.
In 1958, T. L. Venkatarama Iyer held the office of the Chairman of the Second Law Commission of India till 1961.
In April, 1928, an Experts Committee consisting of some of the leading musicians and scholars was appointed by the Madras Music Academy.
Jacques Meyer, known as Henri Meyer and Reyem (6 March 1841, in Mulhouse – 18 July 1899, in Thiais) was a French caricaturist and illustrator; best known for his work with the publishing firm of Hetzel, where he produced engravings for the works of Jules Verne.
The British Independent Film Awards 2019 will be held on 1 December 2019 to recognise the best in British independent cinema and filmmaking talent from United Kingdom.
He was appointed as the Sheriff of Bombay in 1911 during the visit of the King Emperor, then Prince of Wales.
In 1913, he was the only Indian member to be appointed as a member of Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency.
It was reported that a large number of commercial houses, share, bullion, and various other markets were remained closed after his death on June 14, 1920.
On March 1, 1923, White marble busts on the grey pedestal of the late Sir Shapurji Broacha and his wife Lady Pirojbai were unveiled in the Masina Hospital compound, Mumbai by Sir George Lloyd, the Governor of Bombay.
A bust of Broacha was unveiled at the Stock Exchange Building, Bombay by Michael Knatchbull, the Governor of Bombay on April 4, 1935.
As per the Gujarat Government Gazette, in 1961, a public hall in Gujarat called the 'Sir Shapurji Burjorji Broacha Hall', is named after him.
The Sardar Patel Stadium is a cricket ground on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, India, it was established in 1982 and has a capacity of 54,000.
The ground hosted its first international match in 1983 when India played the West Indies in a Test match, One Day Internationals (ODIs) have been played at the ground since 1984.
The 2020 County Championship, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2020 Specsavers County Championship, will be the 121st cricket County Championship season, with ten teams in Division One and eight teams in Division Two.
The first round of matches are scheduled to start on 12 April and the final round of matches will finish on 25 September.
In December 2019, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) confirmed that the toss would become mandatory again, after an experiment that started in the 2016 season where the visiting team was allowed to choose to bowl first if they desired.
The 2020 Royal London One-Day Cup tournament is an upcoming limited overs cricket competition that will form part of the 2020 domestic cricket season in England and Wales.
All eighteen first-class counties will compete in the tournament, which is scheduled to start on 20 July 2020, and finish on 19 September 2020.
He completed secondary education at Lycée Ibn Al Khatib in Tangier and gained a DES in philosophy from the Faculty of Letters in Rabat.
From 1989 to 1990 he was an audiovisual consultant at Omnium Nord-Africain (ONA), and from 1990 to 2000 he was program director and director general of Canal Horizons.
The 2020 Vitality Blast will be the 2020 season of the t20 Blast, a professional Twenty20 cricket league played in England and Wales.
It will be the third season in which the domestic T20 competition, run by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), has been branded as the Vitality Blast due to a new sponsorship deal.
It is situated south of Lightning Lake, north of the Canada–United States border, and north-northeast of Castle Peak, which is its nearest higher peak.
Frosty Mountain is the highest peak in E. C. Manning Provincial Park, and is part of the Hozameen Range which is a subrange of the Cascade Range.
The peak was first climbed on September 2, 1904, by Sledge Tatum and George Loudon Jr., two members of a Boundary Survey group led by Edward C. Barnard.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, granite spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences higher precipitation than the east side, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Byblos figurines or Phoenician statuettes are approximately 1,500–2,000 ex-voto statuettes found in ancient Phoenician temples in Lebanon, primarily in Byblos, but also in Kamid al lawz.
Most of the figurines were found in the Temple of the Obelisks, in which 20 votive deposits and pitchers containing a variety of such figurines were found, along with a smaller, but important group of them found in the neighboring Temple of Baalat Gebal.
The majority of the statuettes were found at archaeological sites in sealed pottery jars, together with tools, weapons, jewelry, and other ritual objects.
The first group found was located at the Temple of Baalat Gebal and information about them was published by archaeologists Montet and Dunand.
In 1966, however, Negbi and Moskowitz suggested instead, that the various objects discovered were hidden away in haste, ahead of an impending catastrophe.
The statuettes measure 3–38 cm tall, mostly represent males, and have tangs projecting from their feet that would have allowed them to be placed onto bases.
Based on an inscription on a large obelisk at the Temple of the Obelisks, the male ones are interpreted to resemble Resheph, the Phoenician deity of war and plague.
They are interpreted as votive offerings because they were not found in graves and were not dispersed widely enough to be part of exchange networks.
The men's 3x3 basketball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan, Metro Manila from 1 to 2 December.
The women's 3x3 basketball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan, Metro Manila from 1 to 2 December 2019.
The source of the river begins on the Vasyugan Plain in Novosibirsk Oblast between the Ob and the Irtysh, it is located at an altitude of 150 meters above sea level.
River tributaries: Izess (128 km), Urez (140 km), Aryncass (216 km), Urgulka (296 km), untitled river (368 km), Zunkuy (376 km), untitled river (377 km ), untitled river (393 km), Raktitovka (408 km), Tai-Das (450 km), Termyak (481 km), Kaygach (501 km).
In 2012, they were officially endorsed by the International Cricket Council (ICC) as an Affiliate member In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members.
In 1875, the British inhabitants of the city tested the mariners of the Prince of Wales' Royal Yacht Osbourne to a match.
The Russia national cricket team played their first home representative match against a touring side from North Wales – Carmel & District Cricket Club – at the Moscow State University Baseball Stadium in 2007.
Quick forward to 1995 the primary cricket coordinate was played in Russia, where two groups made up of ostracizes took an interest in a coincidental match.
Regardless of two or three coincidental matches throughout the following couple of years it wasn't until 1997 when a match was played to praise the autonomy of India and Pakistan, that a look at the possibility to build up cricket in Russia was appeared.
Cricket in Russia is perceived by the Multisport Association of Russia; this is the relationship for all authority brandishing associations inside Russia which are not yet Olympic perceived games.
He was born in Mumbai, India to Moshe Hillel (grandson of Rabbi Avraham Hillel who served as a rabbi in Iraq).
After marrying, he studied at the Dane and Rabbinical Training Institute established by Rishon Lezion, Rabbi Yitzhak Nissim, and at the Harry Fishel Institute.
Vasile Maricel Ardeleanu (born 5 February 1974) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a centre back for clubs such as FCM Bacău, Acord Focșani, FC Onești or FC Vaslui.
In 1999 Ardeleanu career took a negative turn after a horror foul made by Marius Lăcătuș in the 13th minute of a match between Steaua București and FCM Bacău.
After some sporadic appearances at FC Onești and FCM Bacău, Ardeleanu retired only a few years later, in 2005, at the age of 31.
Today, Ardeleanu lives in the village of Cârligi, Filipești commune, where he is working as a day laborer and playing sporadically for amateur team of the commune, AS Filipești.
Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Belize women and other ICC members after 1 July 2018 will be a full WT20I.
After graduating from High School she worked in a factory until 2015 when she won an vocal audition to become a member of Idol music group Maneki Kecak.
Along with the group she released six singles, a live DVD and a studio album which entered the Japanese music charts.
Last named was used as outro song on the first 12 episodes of the The Rising of the Shield Hero anime.
James Lawrence Boyd (18 August 1891 – 15 June 1930) was a Scottish first-class cricketer, rugby union international and Royal Navy officer.
He was educated in England at the Royal Naval College, Osborne from where he entered into the Royal Navy as a sub-lieutenant.
Boyd was selected to play rugby union for Scotland as a fly-half in 1912, making two Test appearances against England in the Five Nations Championship in March, and South Africa in November, with both matches played at Inverleith.
The following year he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, in addition to making a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's.
Boyd served with the navy in the First World War, during which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in October 1916 in recognition of his service aboard submarines.
He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander in April 1921, with promotion to the rank of commander following in June 1926.
At the beginning of the 20th century, musicologists were able to attribute some of the works to his namesake František Jiránek.
Hooi Hooi Lean is a Malaysian economist and a professor at the School of Social Sciences in the Economics program at University of Science, Malaysia.
Lean acts as an associate editor of Singapore Economic Review, Capital Market Review and Frontiers in Energy and an editor of J. of Asian Finance, Economics and Business and East Asian J. of Business Management.
She graduated from the University of Malaya with a Bachelor of Economics in Statistics and obtained her Master of Science in Statistics from Universiti Sains Malaysia.
She attained her Ph.D. in Economics from the National University of Singapore and served as a post-doctoral visiting scholar at Monash University, Australia's Department of Economics.
Lean has been a visiting scholar at SungKyunKwan University in South Korea, Tamkang University in Taiwan, CEREFIGE Universitè Nancy 2 in France, and Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand.
In November 2019, along with the Murchison meteorite it was the first to provide evidence of ribose in space and its transport to Earth, in an analysis of its composition by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
The Tuba Trading Post, in Tuba City, Arizona, is a building complex which was started in 1891 by trader Charles H. Algert as a two-room shed built of native limestone.
East of the initial two-room shed is an octagonal building, built in 1905 by Oscar Dietzman for trader Samuel S. Preston.
Its foundation and walls were built of native blue limestone from Moenkopi Wash. Construction involved cement mortar mixing powered by horses, in a circular vat on-site.
West of the shed is a two-room living quarters space, built of the same native limestone as the octagon and shed, which was added in 1927.
The Krenz-Kerley Trading Post is another historic building nearby, at 78 N. Main St., and is also listed on the National Register.
They never reached the Top 3, and are the only CONMEBOL member to be outside the Top 10 of the Copa América's all-time table, because regular invitee Mexico surpassed them.
With four goals, José Luis Dolgetta became the top scorer of the 1993 tournament and thus the only Venezuelan ever to receive a reward at a continental competition.
It is home to the largest bed of horse mussels known in Scottish waters, which lies at a depth of between 35 and 45 m below sea level.
Living amongst the mussel beds are many other species, including soft corals, tubeworms, barnacles, sea firs, and sea mats, brittlestars, crabs, worms and molluscs.
The leaves are papillate and each is tipped with 5-10 large, white, radiating bristles (diadems), that are parted and spread out in two directions.
Although the irrigation system is gone, many of the trees planted by the settlers still thrive, defining the verdant core of the city.
Daniel Jean Bogdan (born 3 August 1971) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for teams such as FCM Bacău, FC U Craiova or UTA Arad, among others.
After retirement, Bogdan was the goalkeeping coach of FCM Bacău during 2009, then in 2015 moved to Republic of Ireland, where he worked until 2017, when he moved again, this time in England, where he works as a driver for a company that has as activity the resale of cars.
François Curiel (born 1948) is a Jewish-French auctioneer, antiquarian, and Chairman of Christie's in Europe and Asia, based in Geneva, Switzerland.
Curiel began his career at Christie's in London in 1969, before going on to head up Christie's Asia Pacific in Hong Kong, and becoming Chairman of Europe and Asia.
Currently, she is a professor of environmental economics, at the London School of Economics (2008–present) and the head of department of geography and environment since 2017.
Mourato is also a Fellow at the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) at the University of East Anglia.
She is involved in Climate for Cultur, part of the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, an ecosystem services work package for the UK National Ecosystem Assessment, and the United Nations Development Programme.
Mourato's research interests are in economic valuation, cost–benefit analysis, well-being and life satisfaction, and cultural heritage, with a focus on economic valuation methods for the environment and its association to health impacts, ecosystem services and climate change.
Her current work examines the monetary values associated with environmental impacts on UK-based policies using a cost-benefit analysis approach, and the perception and effectiveness of re-introducing nuclear technology in Italy.
In conjunction with the UK Department of Transport, Susana Mourato along with co-authors Ian Bateman, Richard Carson, Brett Day, Michael Hanemann, Nick Hanley, Michael Jones-Lee, Graham Loomes, Ece Ozdemiroglu, David Pearce (economist), Robert Sugden (economist), and John Swanson compiled a manual used for guiding stakeholders to assess and evaluate the monetary values of such usage and impacts from ecosystem services.
Within the book, the chapters are divided into several focuses including: economic values, measurement and techniques of economic values, stages of stated preference work and organizing the results.
The authors outline the steps necessary to conduct a stated preference study by using two alternate methods: choice modelling and contingent valuation.
These surveying methods concentrates on the willingness to pay by consumers and with the collected sample data to be analyzed through various statistical tests.
In conjunction with Giles Atkinson, Stefan Szymanski and Ece Ozemiroglum, Susana Mourato and her colleagues examines the willingness to fund the 2012 Summer Olympics held in London, England.
The responses highlighted the relative importance of categories including a sense of national pride, environmental developments, promoting healthy living, increased risks, and transport congestions.
Using a period of 10 years, results reported an average household yearly WTP of £22 (London), £11 (Glasglow), and £12 (Manchester).
The preference of London residents for funding was through an increase in Council Tax, however, Manchester and Glasgow residents opted for the 10 year voluntary contribution instead.
The paper suggests an analysis of the willingness to pay effectively explains the net benefits in favour of other forms of economic impact assessments.
Together with Stephen Gibbons and Guilherme M. Resende, Mourato has researched the impact of property prices associated with the desirability and amenity value of natural environments.
They used the hedonic price method to broaden current evidence on environmental values by gathering a sample data of 1 million housing prices and transactions in Great Britain over a 13 year period (1996–2008).
George MacKerron and Susana Mourato explores the link between human well-being and their presence in the environment that affect one's happiness scale.
The app with extensive promotion and coverage in the media collected questionnaire data based on GPS coordinates from 21,947 UK participants for the study.
Individuals responded to a series of signals where the data were embedded with three indicators of spatial statistics: land cover classification, weather, and daylight setting.
Moreover, as the majority of higher return to happiness occurred outdoors, seaside locations scored 6 points higher on a 0 to 100 scale than in a conurbation.
This paper by Susana Mourato and Tanya O'Garra explores the necessary shifts toward climate change adaptation and mitigation policies in developing countries.
Resilience to climate change effects requires rigorous strategies and an available amount of resources, amongst those is capital accumulation with the support from financial and investment institutions such as the World Bank and Green Climate Fund.
The authors conducted a study with a sample of 1066 electronic surveys using the contingent valuation method for willingness to pay in the form of taxes.
Steps taken to conduct the analysis include: ensuring participant awareness of climate change, selecting a valuation technique and deriving the willingness to pay for an individual.
It was found that the willingness to pay by United Kingdom residents to fund developing countries' adaptation to climate change was £27 or $30 USD per year.
Further calculations reports on average per year, an individual's tax would have to be between $100 to $140 USD to be sufficient enough to properly fund the adaptation initiative.
Furthermore, Mourato and O'Garra suggest more effective communication between a stakeholder's personal beliefs and understanding contributes to forming choices on public support towards successful adaptation.
He leads a delightful life with the entire villagers and his son Murali (Devi Prasad) & daughter Janaki (Kalpana) seldom visit him.
Once, his grandson Rushi (Vishwant Maganti) & granddaughter Varsha (Harshita Chowdary) arrive claiming that they are in love and seeks his help for their espousal as the respective families despise each other.
Right now, Somaraju’s soul moving around them until the completion of the 12th-day ceremony goes into despondency learning the real appearance of his family.
During that plight, Somaraju teams up with his distant relative Santosh (Vennela Kishore) who has the power of taking with sprits.
With his support, he makes a play and disappears the discord in the family and also the rift between Rishi & Varsha.
The Indonesia women's cricket team toured the Philippines to play a four-match Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) series that was played from 21 to 22 December 2019.
The matches were played at the Friendship Oval ground at the Emilio Aguinaldo College Cavite campus in the city of Dasmariñas.
The Philippines played their first WT20I matches since the International Cricket Council's (ICCs) announcement that full WT20I status would apply to all the matches played between women's teams of associate members after 1 July 2018.
Eksali forest land are the Plots in the forest area meant for shifting cultivation in Forest area of Thane district and Raigad district of Maharashtra state.These plots are 4ha or more in area.
Before independence in the British Raj, Eksali plots were given out for cultivation with the objective of encouraging human habitation in the lonely part of the forest area for supply labourers for forest works round the year.
The forestry works include felling of trees, raising of plant nurseries, planting of the saplings, nurturing the tree plantations and protection of the forests.
Though these lands were marked on the forest maps due to the Indian Forest(conservation) Act, 1980 it was not possible to allot the land permanently to the cultivator.
After the declaration of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)Act, 2006 it has become possible to alott the lands to the tribal landless cultivators holding the plots in forest areas.
The ownership of Dali land was collective but the ownership of Eksali forest land was individual, thus it was easy for the allotment.
The 2019–20 Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders men's basketball team represent Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Islanders, led by 9th-year head coach Willis Wilson, play their home games at American Bank Center, with three games at the Dugan Wellness Center, both of which are in Corpus Christi, Texas, as members of the Southland Conference.
In recognition of his contribution to Bengali language and literature, the government of Bangladesh awarded him the country's second highest civilian award Ekushey Padak in 2018.
Hussain was born on 31 January 1943 at Rotidanga village in Shailkupa under Jhenaidah of the then British India (now Bangladesh).
After completing his secondary and higher secondary education in Kushtia, he studied architecture at the East Pakistan University of Engineering Technology (now Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)).
MET Group is a Swiss-based European, energy company with activities in natural gas, power and oil markets, focused on multi-commodity wholesale, trading and sales, energy infrastructure and industrial assets.
MET was founded in 2007 starting as a MOL subsidiary (Magyar Olaj- és Gázipari Részvénytársaság, Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company).
He served the diocese in various capacities: Vicar General (2004–2009) Parish Priest of Infant Jesus Shrine, Shantinagar (2005–2009), Rector of St Mary's Minor Seminary and the Vocation Promoter of the Diocese, and Rector of the shrine of San Guida.
From 2011, he was a professor of Canon Law in St Peter's Pontifical Institute, Bangalore and was the Dean of the Faculty of Canon Law till the announcement as Bishop-Elect of the Diocese of Palayamkottai.
Pope Francis appointed him the third Bishop of the Diocese of Palayamkottai on 20 November 2019 and his episcopal consecration took place on 15 December 2019.
In 2016–17 season, he was the top goalscorer of the fourth-tier Belgrade Zone League, helping the team to win the championship.
He started the 2017–18 season with the club, only to sign a contract in the mid-season with top-tier Javor Ivanjica until the end of 2020–21 season.
In 10 games of the 2017–18 Serbian SuperLiga he scored one goal and Javor relegated to the second-tier Serbian First League.
In 2018–19 season, he emerged as club's leading scorer, finishing the season with 22 goals over 37 matches, which placed him as second top goalscorer of the 2018–19 Serbian First League.
In 2019–20 season of the Serbian top-tier Serbian SuperLiga, Petković continued with the good performances from the past season, scoring 10 goals in 17 games until 23 November 2019.
Marunouchi Central Plaza, or Tokyo Marunouchi Station Plaza, is a plaza on the Marunouchi side of Tokyo Station, in Tokyo, Japan.
It was one of the few local newspapers which was initially allowed to operate during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.
In the first few months after the first issue, the sales of the newspaper could not cover expenditures, and the newspaper received financial support from local plantation owner R.H. Oene Djoenaidi.
The paper was censored at least twice during the occupation - in both cases due to images of Japanese Emperor Hirohito being obscured by the Japanese flag and both resulting in the arrest of editor-in-chief Soemanang Soerjowinoto.
Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Bahrain women and other ICC members after 1 July 2018 will be a full WT20I.
Yu Shuhong (; born August 1967) is a Chinese chemist and materials scientist and professor at the University of Science and Technology of China.
He received his master's degree from Shanghai Research institute of Chemical Industry and in 1991, and completed his doctoral work in 1998 at the University of Science and Technology of China under the supervision of Qian Yitai.
Yu returned to China in 2002 and that same year became doctoral supervisor at the University of Science and Technology of China.
Baneswarpur is a village within the jurisdiction of the Usthi police station in the Magrahat I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Baneswarpur had a total population of 1,960, of which 1,028 (52%) were males and 932 (48%) were females.
Olivier is named for Pierre-François Olivier de Vézin (April 28, 1707 – April 20, 1776) and occupies part of the Bayou Teche's delta ecosystem.
Human Nature started as the 4 Trax in Sydney in late 1989 and signed with Sony and changing their name to Human Nature in 1995.
Since then, Human Nature have released 13 studio albums, 4 of which have peaked at number 1 in Australia, and 15 top 20 singles.
In early 2019, Human Nature were awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for their service to the performing arts and entertainment field.
In November 2019, the group were announced as the ARIA Hall of Fame inductees at the ARIA Music Awards of 2019.
Five Lakes () is a group of lakes located in Muromtsevsky District of Omsk Oblast and Kyshtovsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.
It was formed on October 15, 1879, occupying the former parade grounds of the nearby Citadel of Cascais, and became known as the ‘Parade’.
Enjoying patronage by King Luis and King Carlos, it was a very elite club, patronised by those who wanted to be and could afford to be close to the Royal Family, which, by 1879, was spending part of its annual summer holidays in the town.
Members included foreign ambassadors who felt it necessary to be close to the King when he was absent from Lisbon, as well as politicians such as Fontes Pereira de Melo, Henrique de Barros Gomes, António de Serpa Pimentel, José Dias Ferreira and Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral.
The military was represented by Hermenegildo Capelo and Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro, while writers included Camilo Castelo Branco and Edgar Prestage, Britain's leading authority on Portuguese history and literature.
Several garden games have been properly established and are regularly attended.” The club played a leading role in popularising both tennis and football (soccer) in Portugal.
This was mainly due to one of its members, Guilherme Pinto Basto, known as the father of Portuguese tennis, who acted as the tennis coach, introducing the game to club members, including Prince Carlos, from around 1882. International tennis tournaments were organised from 1902, with guests including the six-time Wimbledon Ladies singles winner, Blanche Bingley.
Participants included the British player, Noel Turnbull, who had won a gold medal at the 1920 Olympic Games and the Spaniard Manuel Alonso Areizaga.
Born in Vienna, Weidmann was the son of the actor and writer Joseph Weidmann (1742-1810) and nephew of the playwright Paul Weidmann (1746–1810).
Since he wasn't particularly talented as an actor he voluntarily ended his father's initiated engagement at the Wiener Hoftheater and got a small pension for it till the end of his life.
Thanks to the support of Archduke Johann, from this third volume onwards he wrote in particular descriptions of the surroundings of Vienna and the Austrian Alpine landscapes, Dalmatia and Montenegro with a mixture of topographical information and his own inventions.
Nevertheless, there was no financial success for the rest of his life, so that he had to live off his small pension as an actor.
After reading an ad in a newspaper, Úrsulo (Cantinflas) takes a job as a concierge of a luxurious apartment building inhabited by eccentric people who all turn to him to solve their various problems.
But when someone in the building kidnaps an important person, Úrsulo must become an investigator and find the kidnapped and the kidnappers.
The 1992–93 season was Mansfield Town's 56th season in the Football League and 2nd in the Second Division they finished in 22nd position with 44 points and were relegated to the Third Division.
The river, 42 kilometers long, originates in the Tomorr Mountains, on the southern slopes of Mount Mieta (Maja e Mietës, 2024 m).
Its catchment area is 376 km², collecting the waters of the Tomorr Mountains in the west and the Ostrovicë Mountains in the east.
He was from a strong United Presbyterian background and specialised in churches for the United Presbyterian Church and Free Church of Scotland.
He was born in New Pitsligo in 1844 the son of John Wilson, a master builder, and his wife, Eliza Gordon.
The following year both the partners and the joint families built a small terrace at Springbank Terrace in Aberdeen: the Wilson's lived at no 60.
Even during his time with Alexander Thomson his had can be seen in several works, and his church connection seems to have led to him getting to work on the UP Church schemes.
Proportionality can be guaranteed when the items are divisible, but not when they are indivisible, even if all agents have identical valuations.
In contrast, MMS fairness can always be guaranteed to identical agents, so it is a natural alternative to proportionality even when the agents are different.
The sum of values is 24, and it is divisible by 3, so ideally we would like to give each person a value of at least 8, but this is not possible.
Here, an allocation is MMS-fair if it gives Alice a value of at least 7, George a value of at least 8, and Dina a value of at least 3.
For example, the in which George gets the first two items {1,7}, Alice gets the next two items {5,6}, and Dina gets the last item {17} is MMS-fair.
It is the minimal utility that an agent could feel entitled to, based on the following argument: if all the other agents have the same preferences as me, there is at least one allocation that gives me this utility, and makes every other agent (weakly) better off; hence there is no reason to give me less.
An alternative interpretation is: the most preferred bundle the agent could guarantee as divider in divide and choose against adversarial opponents: the agent proposes her best allocation and leaves all the other ones to choose one share before taking the remaining one.
An allocation is MMS-fair iff no agent objects to it, i.e., for every agent, in every partition there exists a bundle which is weakly worse than his current share.
Bouveret and Lemaître performed extensive randomized simulations for more than 2 agents, and found that MMS-fair allocations exist in every trial.
Such an error is reasonable when allocating course seats among students, since a small excess supply can be corrected by adding a small number of seats.
From 1981 to 1983 he held the position of assistant professor at the University of Oregon in Eugene (United States), where he worked with Peter M. Lewinsohn.
In 1990, he was appointed professor and head of the department of clinical psychology at the psychological institute of the University of Mainz.
He is the author and editor of several German textbooks and self-help guides in the fields of clinical psychology and behavioural therapy, and co-author of the German version of the Beck Depression Inventory.
The film tells about a little street musician named Ken, who meets a clown whose father is being treated in the USSR.
June Felter (19 October 1919, Oakland, California – 13 July 2019), was an American painter and illustrator from the Bay Area.
Her paintings are in museum collections including San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA), the Oakland Museum of California, Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, National Gallery of Art, and the Berkeley Art Museum.
Felter remarked that drawing a nude model not only shows an interest in ourselves as human beings, but also seems to be a necessary exercise for keeping flexible, sensitive, and open to surprise.
She painted her impression as a witness of the disastrous 1991 fire in the Oakland Hills using the expressive quality of gestural brushwork, she conveyed the dramatic effects of wind, fire and some in a vivid depiction of the catastrophic event.
Therefore, although it has several elongated orange papillae at the leaf tip, this species is without the normal diadem that is typical for the genus.
The solitary flowers are pink to apricot, with a low central cone surrounded by purple filamentous staminodes that are as long as the stamens.
The flagship publication series of the International Organization for Migration, the World Migration Report presents key data and information on migration together with balanced, evidence-based analysis of complex and emerging migration issues.
Released on 27 November 2019 at the 110th Session of the IOM Council, the World Migration Report 2020 is the tenth in the series.
The report is a highly collaborative venture, drawing on expertise of IOM staff specialising in migration programme delivery, policy development and migration research and analysis, as well as leading migration researchers from around the world.
The World Migration Report 2020 has 11 chapters, the first of which presents a number of highlights from the report and outlines the report’s structure.
The other 10 chapters aim to inform current and future policy deliberations and discussions by providing a clear identification of the key issues, a critical overview of relevant research and analysis, and a discussion of the implications for future research and policymaking.
Chapter 2 draws upon global sources of data to provide an overview of key figures and trends regarding the stocks and flows of international migrants, as well as remittances.
After an initial review of overall migrant stocks and flows, the chapter looks at these trends for specific migrant groups, including migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, and stateless persons.
Chapter 3 focuses on key regional dimensions of, and developments in, migration in six world regions: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Northern America, and Oceania.
Recognizing that the ever-growing nature of migration research has made it difficult to determine which outputs are important and what should be given weight, Chapter 4 provides guidance to those seeking broad guidance on the subject.
It conducts a comprehensive review of the migration research and analysis produced by actors, including individuals, academics, governments, intergovernmental organizations, and think tanks.
Chapter 6 focuses on migrants’ social cohesion in destination countries, looking at how they adapt to new cultures, customs, social values, and language.
It takes a local perspective, discussing the important role played by local actors and migrants themselves, and as well as the importance of policy settings that are directly and indirectly related to inclusion.
It recognizes that while migration can lead to a greater exposure to health risks, it can also lead to improved health.
The relationship between migration and the health of the wider population is also considered, as are healthcare systems’ responses and the global governance of migration and health.
The focus of Chapter 8 is unsafe child migration, where migrant children do not accompany or follow the family in a safe environment.
The different types and key drivers of child migration are reviewed, before a discussion of the main issues in confronting child migrants.
As extreme weather events and large-scale changes in infrastructure continue to occur, Chapter 9 looks at the ever-increasing role that environmental and climate change plays in decisions to migrate.
After an exploration of the different perspectives on the issue, examples of environmental migration from a range of ecological zones – including mountainous, dryland and coastal areas, as well as cities – are provided.
While anybody may be affected by a crisis – including disasters, conflicts and political and economic crises – migrants are often among the most vulnerable and may require additional support.
Chapter 10 therefore looks at the experiences of migrants in crisis contexts, and at the effectiveness of local, national, and international in meeting the different needs of migrants.
The report has featured in articles released in the academic journal The Lancet on five occasions, as well as books released by Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press.
It has also been attributed as a source in reports produced by the Finnish government and Save the Children, The SAGE Handbook of International Migration, the United Nation’s 2018 World Happiness Report and an Oxford Research Encyclopedia focusing on migrants and refugees in Africa.
Media outlets such as CNN Español, the World Economic Forum and Reuters have published articles that utilize the World Migration Report 2020 as a resource to discuss contemporary migration trends.
Ethel Blanche Hairston ( Wingo; May 14, 1935 – September 14, 2018) was an American professional wrestler whose ring name was Ethel Johnson.
In 1952, Johnson, along with her sisters worked three matches including a tag match in the main event at Baltimore, Maryland, which drew the highest record crowd of 3,611 fans.
By 1954, Johnson and Wingo received top billing alongside Gorgeous George, after drawing 9,000 fans at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri.
During her time in wrestling, Johnson faced popular wrestlers at the time such as June Byers and Penny Banner, and even challenging Mildred Burke for her NWA World Women's Championship.
Eventually, Johnson caught Stu Hart's eye and began working for his promotion Big Time Wrestling as well as wrestling at Capitol Wrestling Corporation.
In her final years in wrestling, Johnson worked at American Wrestling Association, where her last match was against her sister Marva Scott, in 1976.
Johnson had two other wrestling sisters: her older sister, Betty (ring name: Babs Wingo), and younger sister, Marva (ring name: Marva Scott).
Johnson said it was every women's wrestlers' dream to perform in Madison Square Garden, but women's wrestling was banned in New York during her prime.
Becky Clarke, portrayed by Ali Bastian, first appeared on 5 February 2019, and made her last appearance on 6 November 2019.
Mrs Tembe (Lorna Laidlaw) meets Becky at a Women in Business meeting, and scouts her to be the new Practice Manager at The Mill.
Becky has a short relationship with cleaner Enzo D'Agostino (Jack Derges), and the pair are nearly caught when they have sex in Becky's office.
Daniel uses the opportunity to tell her that he does not want more children, and that he slept with Zara Carmichael (Elisabeth Dermot Walsh).
Disgusted with the way Daniel treated her, Becky finds a new job and leaves The Mill with immediate effect on 6 November 2019.
Estelle Vere, portrayed by Suzette Llewellyn, first appeared on 12 April 2019, and made her last appearance on 29 May 2019.
Estelle is introduced as the mother of established character Sid Vere (Ashley Rice), and is married to husband Tye Vere (Daniel Hill).
He finds that Estelle and Tye had a son, but he was born with Down's syndrome, so they left the newborn baby as the hospital.
Tye Vere, portrayed by Daniel Hill, first appeared on 12 April 2019 and made his final appearance on 29 May 2019.
Tye is introduced as the father of established character Sid Vere (Ashley Rice), and is married to wife Estelle Vere (Suzette Llewellyn).
He finds that Tye and Estelle have another son, but he was born with Down's syndrome, so they left the newborn baby as the hospital.
When Sid finds where Laurence is staying, Tye and Sid decide to track him down by posing as gardeners at Laurence's residential home.
Enzo D'Agostino, portrayed by Jack Derges, first appeared on 16 April 2019, and made his last appearance on 8 May 2019.
When he does a poor job of the cleaning, Practice Manager Becky Clarke (Ali Bastian) calls him and asks him to do a better job.
When he arrives, Becky calls him into her office, and the pair flirt, leading to them having sex in her office.
Laurence Richards, portrayed by Rishard Beckett, first appeared on 24 May 2019, and made his final appearance on 5 June 2019.
Laurence's backstory is that when he was born to parents Estelle and Tye Vere (Suzette Llewellyn and Daniel Hill), they didn't anticipate him to have Down's syndrome.
When Laurence's brother, Sid Vere (Ashley Rice), learns of this, he contacts an adoption agency to help them track Laurence down.
They find him at a residential care home, where he explains that he is happy with his life now, despite enduring a tough upbringing.
Telford is a debt-ridden father who owes money to a local businessman Erik Forbes (Daniel Rabin) who runs a protection racket.
When his son Cameron (David Byrne) unwittingly becomes involved with a delivery of cocaine and subsequently gets arrested, Telford appears to be willing to let his son take the blame, thinking he won't actually be charged.
When Jimmi Clay (Adrian Lewis Morgan) later points out to Dean that Cameron will almost certainly be charged, which will put an end to his dreams of becoming a lawyer, Dean reports Forbes to the police and also turns himself in, allowing Cameron to walk free.
The court reach the verdict that Josh's life support should be turned off, with Jimmi Clay (Adrian Lewis Morgan) testifying from a medical point of view.
Ray Hopkins, portrayed by Bruce Alexander, first appeared on 17 September 2019, and made his last appearance on 27 September 2019.
He proposes to Eve, to which she accepts, but it is later revealed that he has several other girlfriends, fiances and wives, but forgets them due to having dementia.
Lee wants to have his child stay at his house, but the mother, Amy Harwood (Jenny Jordan-O'Neill), rejects his attempts, saying his house is empty and cold.
Silas Trueman, portrayed by Andrew MacBean, first appeared on 12 November 2019, and made his last appearance on 28 November 2019.
Adam Regan, portrayed by Edward MacLiam, first appeared on 22 October 2019, and made his final appearance on 17 December 2019.
Adam has dinner with Zara's former partner, Daniel Granger (Matthew Chambers), where the pair talk honestly about Adam and Zara's relationship, and about Adam being involved with Daniel and Zara's son, Joe Carmichael (Oliver Falconer).
When Gareth pretends to be Adam and tries to rape Zara, she ends the relationship with him, due to seeing Gareth when she looks at Adam; they end on amicable terms.
Gareth Regan, portrayed by Edward MacLiam, first appeared on 13 November 2019, and made his last appearance on 17 December 2019.
He begins a relationship with Emma Reid (Dido Miles), and takes a job at the Icon restaurant so he can stay in Letherbridge.
When Emma overhears him on the phone, it is revealed that Gareth has an ex-wife, Colette, and a teenage daughter, Alice.
He goes to the house of Adam's girlfriend Zara Carmichael (Elisabeth Dermot Walsh), pretends to be his brother and tries to rape Zara.
She attacks him by spraying hairspray in his eyes and stabbing him in the leg with the heel of her shoes.
He escapes, and when Adam finds him using a GPS tracker, the pair fight and are found by the police, where Gareth is then arrested.
When Adam talks to Zara about the situation, he explains that in their childhood, Gareth always tried to steal his things, and wanted to share everything, including girlfriends.
Martha Rose, portrayed by Lillian Hardy, first appeared on 13 November 2019, and made her last appearance on 18 November 2019.
When Karen takes Martha to The Icon for lunch, she sneaks a bag of peanuts in her bag, and eats one to see if her mother was telling the truth about her extreme allergies.
He attends an interview for the role of Practice Manager after the departure of Becky Clarke (Ali Bastian), and despite his lack of experience in a management role, he gets the job.
When Karen Hollins (Jan Pearson) finds out Bear is working heavy overtime, she informs Daniel Granger (Matthew Chambers), who tells Bear to work the set hours.
One of Bear's first acts as Business Manager is helping Daniel achieve his goal of getting an electric car for the doctors at The Mill.
When Al Haskey (Ian Midlane) notices that Bear struggles with spelling names of the employees, he suggests that Bear may have a learning disability.
When Jimmi Clay (Adrian Lewis Morgan) is wrongfully arrested for the possession of Class A drugs, everybody but Bear shows support for him.
Sasha's boyfriend Hayden Cracknell (Jack Hartley) blackmails Bear, asking for £2000, otherwise confidential information about The Mill will be posted online.
Mark 'Masculus' Waddington, portrayed by Rich Keeble, first appeared on 6 December 2019 at The Icon's launch night, having been invited by Sid Vere (Ashley Rice) three days earlier as part of his efforts to improve Al Haskey's (Ian Midlane) marketing campaign.
However, the beer gets stuck on the motorway prompting bar manager Gareth Regan (Edward MacLiam) and surgery receptionist Valerie Pitman (Sarah Moyle) to mix cocktails to entertain the guests.
After spending time drinking cocktails and talking intimately with Al, the beer eventually arrives which Masculus reviews favourably, before confessing his love for his cameraman Bart (Matt Bentley) and telling Al he will return to the bar one day.
When he is released from prison, he enquires about whether Jimmi Clay (Adrian Lewis Morgan) is still working at The Mill.
Trevor explains that it is Jimmi's fault that he went to prison, as Jimmi testified against him from a medical point of view.
When Jimmi is wrongfully arrested for possession of Class A drugs, Al Haskey (Ian Midlane) informs Rob Hollins (Chris Walker) of Trevor visiting the Icon, and suggests he has something to do with it.
Rob finds Trevor sleeping in a car outside of his girlfriend's house, and insists that regardless of Jimmi's testimony, he still would have gone to prison.
After Jimmi is arrested for the possession of Class A drugs, John begins working with him, trying to prove his innocence.
The 2019-20 Cornell Big Red Men's ice hockey season was the 103rd season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Big Red represented the Cornell University and played their home games at Lynah Rink, and were coached by Mike Schafer, in his 25th season as their head coach.
When Monica was 2 years old, her parents took her to Medellín, and when she was 14 they left Medellín to move to Bogotá, Colombia.
Bez Idakula premiered his studio album on The Beat 99.9 FM show Push Good Music Club been host by Douglas Jekan.
This will be the 61st edition of the Copa Libertadores, the top-tier South American continental club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.
The winners of the 2020 Copa Libertadores will qualify for the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup in Qatar, and earn the right to play against the winners of the 2020 Copa Sudamericana in the 2021 Recopa Sudamericana.
Yoga began in India as a mainly meditational practice, and with the development of modern, postural, yoga as exercise has spread across the world and returned to the Indian subcontinent in different forms.
Medieval Haṭha yoga made use of a small number of asanas alongside other techniques such as pranayama, shatkarmas, and mudras, but it was despised and almost extinct by the start of the 20th century, when Indian nationalism helped to revive interest in postural yoga.
Advocates such as Yogendra and Kuvalayananda made yoga acceptable in the 1920s, treating it as a medical subject, while Krishnamacharya developed postural yoga with transitions (vinyasas) that allowed one pose to flow into the next.
His pupils K. Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar brought yoga to the West and developed it further, founding their own schools and training yoga teachers.
Once in the West, yoga quickly became mixed with other activities, becoming less spiritual and more energetic as well as commercial.
Westernized postural yoga returned to India to rejoin the many forms already in the country, transformed by the pizza effect on its round trip.
Western yoga tourists, attracted initially by The Beatles' 1968 visit to India, came to study yoga in centres such as Rishikesh and Mysore.
From 2015, India, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, held an annual International Day of Yoga, the armed forces and civil service being joined in mass demonstrations by members of the public.
Its objectives were to force the vital fluid prana into the central sushumna channel of the subtle body to raise kundalini energy, enabling Samadhi (absorption) and ultimately Moksha (liberation).
Hatha yoga made use of a small number of asanas, mainly seated; in particular, there very few standing poses before 1900.
By the end of the 19th century, Hatha yoga was almost extinct in India, practised by people on the edge of society, despised by Hindus and the British Raj alike.
That changed when Yogendra (from 1918) and Kuvalayananda (from 1924) began to teach yoga as a means of attaining physical wellbeing, and to study its medical effects.
They accordingly emphasised the physical practices of Haṭha yoga, the asanas and yoga breathing (pranayama), at the expense of its more esoteric practices such as purifications (shatkarmas), the mudras intended to manipulate the vital forces, and indeed any mention of the subtle body or liberation.
They were soon followed by Krishnamacharya at the Mysore Palace; he experimented with many new yoga asanas and transitions (vinyasas) between them, creating a dynamic style of postural yoga.
One factor influencing the popularity of yoga as exercise was Indian nationalism; having strong bodies meant being a strong country which could shake off colonial rule.
Another was photography: complex body positions could for the first time be captured in a photograph rather than a thousand hard-to-follow words.
The 20th century saw a series of yoga gurus establish schools of yoga across India, training yoga teachers, and sometimes becoming brands known around the world: Krishnamacharya and his pupils K. Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar, and Sivananda among them.
Iyengar founded Iyengar Yoga, a precise style that emphasises correct alignment, using supports where necessary, based at the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Institute (RIMYI) in Pune.
The practice of the medieval seated asanas survived into the 20th century in Calcutta, and was cultivated by Buddha Bose and Bishnu Ghosh.
The Calcutta-born yoga teacher Bikram Choudhury (born 1944) claimed falsely to have learnt Hatha Yoga directly from Ghosh; actually he began yoga in 1969, influenced by Ghosh's writings, emigrating to America in 1971 to found Bikram Yoga.
Fleeing legal action in America for sexual abuse and other matters, Choudhury returned to India in 2016, opening several yoga studios.
On its arrival in the West, yoga became mixed with a variety of Western activities and concepts, from gymnastics to psychotherapy, Western occultism and New Age religion.
Yoga has grown into a widespread and valuable commodity and form of exercise, ranging from gentle to energetic, and practised by millions across the Western world.
In 1968, the English rock band the Beatles travelled to Rishikesh to take part in a Transcendental Meditation training course at Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashram.
It had become sleek, modern, a sign of health and fitness and urban cool; it had in large part lost its close association with Hinduism, and had indeed become almost wholly a form of exercise rather than religion of any kind.
In 1992 the anthropologist Sarah Strauss spent 11 months at the Sivananda ashram in Rishikesh, practising postural yoga as well as observing what had happened to it in India.
In 2014, the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, persuaded the United Nations General Assembly to create an annual International Day of Yoga.
Modi is a member of the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation.
Modi personally led a mass yoga demonstration of over 35,000 participants on the first Day of Yoga in New Delhi; across India, the Indian Armed Forces ran demonstrations on the decks of warships and high in the Himalayas, while politicians and civil servants from India's large bureacracy joined demonstrations in cities from Chennai to Kolkata and Lucknow.
Sanjay Jha is a national spokesperson for the Indian National Congress party and executive director of Dale Carnegie Training operations in India.
Jha also claimed that indelible voting ink used in the 2019 Indian general election to mark those voters that had already cast ballots was easily removable with nail polish.
Eden Francis (born 19 October 1988 in Leicester) is an English female athlete who competes in the shot put and discus.
Francis competed in both events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland finishing 6th in the shot put and 7th in the discus.
She was the first British (male or female) athlete to win the discus event at the European Athletics U23 Championships, winning in Kaunus, Lithuania in 2009.
The other six British titles were won outdoors with the discus in 2012 and 2014 and the shot put in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014.
The simple view of reading is a scientific theory of reading comprehension, originally described by psychologists Philip Gough and William Tunmer in 1986 and modified by Wesley Hoover and Philip Gough in 1990.
The simple view proposes that reading comprehension is the product of decoding ability (word recognition processes) and language understanding (oral language comprehension processes).
In setting out the simple view, Gough and Tunmer were responding to an ongoing dispute among psychologists, researchers and educationalists about the contribution of decoding to reading comprehension.
This dispute was one front of what came to be known as the reading wars, a protracted and often heated series of debates about aspects of reading research, instruction and policy in anglophone countries during the twentieth century.
The original empirical support for the simple view came from multiple regression studies showing the independent contributions of decoding and linguistic comprehension to silent reading comprehension.
The reading rope is a visualization of the simple view published by psychologist Hollis Scarborough in 2001, showing the interactivity of decoding and language comprehension (and their sub-components) in producing fluent reading comprehension.
By depicting strands winding together to form 'the rope' of skilled reading, the visualization expands the simple view to include the cognitive sub-components as integral to the process of skilled reading.
Others have noted that, by distinguishing the two components of reading comprehension, the simple view assists teachers by showing that their students may differ in their abilities in the two components and therefore require different teaching strategies to support their reading development.
First, it is not a model: It does not tell us how decoding and linguistic comprehension operate or how they develop.
Second, in testing predictions of the Simple View, the field has been inconsistent in how the key constructs are defined and measured.
To fully understand reading development, we need more precise models that detail the cognitive processes operating within the decoding and linguistic comprehension components of the Simple View.
This will be the 19th edition of the Copa Sudamericana, the second-tier South American continental club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.
The winners of the 2020 Copa Sudamericana will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2020 Copa Libertadores in the 2021 Recopa Sudamericana.
The Cowboys, led by 2nd-year head coach Heath Schroyer, play their home games at the Health and Human Performance Education Complex in Lake Charles, Louisiana as members of the Southland Conference.
Her hardwork as a model and acting in commercials was noticed by the film industry and soon, movie casting offers came rolling in.
She is one of the most successful businesswomen in Myanmar and owns VMG Telecoms and Ytalk under the VMG Group of Companies.
openHAB requires a JVM and can be deployed on servers running various operating systems, a dedicated Raspberry Pi instance, or some network-attached storage systems.
openHAB supports a number of persistence backends for storing and querying the smart home data, including relational and time series databases.
It was nominated for the JAX Innovation Award 2014 and was the People's Choice Winner at the Postscapes IoT Awards 2014/15.
openHAB was also included in a number of product and platform comparisons but has been criticized for forcing users into a tedious file based setup procedure.
He served as vice chairman of its School of Chemical Science and Engineering in 1999, and three years later promoted to the Chairman position.
In 2005 he was promoted again to become vice president of China University of Petroleum, a position he held until August 31, 2017.
Stanback has given given large sums of money to environmental groups but has also funded anti-immigration groups because of his concerns about over-population.
Stanback served as treasurer and chairman of the board before his 25% share in the company was purchased by William Stanback, Jr. Stanback resigned from these positions but continued on with the company to manage its pension fund.
He also offers substantial support to regional environmental groups such as the Southern Environmental Law Center and the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy.
Stanback donated to support environmental programs at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and Catawba College, and an internship program at his alma mater, Duke University.
The Federation for American immigration Reform, the Center for Immigration Studies, NumbersUSA, and Progressives for Immigration Reform were the programs that Duke removed.
Stanback said he had met with the leaders of these groups and did not detect any hint of racism about them.
Stanback has donated at least hundreds of thousands of dollars to the Federation for American Immigration Reform, founded by John Tanton.
It was written in 1973 by the French monarchist and travel writer Jean Raspail and shows how third-world immigration supposedly would destroy western civilization.
In 2008, Stanback and his wife, Alice, received the North Carolina Award, the state's highest civilian honor, for their public service.
Thomas Pollock (1654-1722) was a Scottish farmer and lawyer who served as the Acting Governor of North Carolina in the event of a Governor's absence.
Thomas Pollock was born on May 6, 1654 in Glasgow, Kingdom of Scotland (present-day Scotland, United Kingdom) as the son of Thomas Pollock of Balgra.
The book is only part memoir; much of the narrative was contributed by the protagonists, whom Bull knew personally, and much of the content reflects his pragmatic view of history.
It is located in its northern section, running along the main ridge, stretching southwards to the south of the Kharaulakh Range.
The Dzhardzhan Range rises to the west and the Sietinden Range to the east, running in a parallel direction, while the Byrandia Range stretches southwards beyond its southern end.
The highest point of the Orulgan Range is an unnamed high ultra-prominent summit located in its central section which is one of the highest peaks of the Verkhoyansk Range.
The Orulgan Range is deeply cut by riverine intermontane basins with the Undyulyung, Begydzhan, Soboloh-Mayan, Menkere, Dzhapdzhan, Byosyuke and other right tributaries of the Lena River flowing westwards.
To the east flow the Omoloy and its left tributaries, as well as the Bytantay, a left tributary of the Yana River.
The mountain slopes of the Orulgan are covered with sparse larch forests up to heights between and , and with rocky mountain tundra at higher elevations.
The Tigers, led by second-year head coach Johnny Jones, play their home games at the Health and Physical Education Arena in Houston, Texas as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
In the SWAC Tournament, they defeated Southern in the quarterfinals, Alabama State in the semifinals., advancing to the championship game, where they lost to Prairie View A&M.
They were invited to the CIT, where they defeated New Orleans in the first round, Texas–Rio Grande Valley in the second round, Louisiana–Monroe in the quarterfinals, before falling to Green Bay in the semifinals.
The men's water polo tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the New Clark City Aquatics Center, Tarlac, Philippines from 26 November to 1 December 2019.
The competition was held in a round-robin format, where the top 3 teams at the end of the competition will win the gold, silver, and bronze medal respectively.
Indonesia won their very first gold medal in the competition by topping the round-robin eliminations, ending the defending champions Singapore's 54-year domination of the sport since 1965.
The hosts Philippines also notched their first-ever podium finish after drawing their final match against Singapore, which slid to third place this year.
The winners of the 2021 Copa Libertadores will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2021 Copa Sudamericana in the 2022 Recopa Sudamericana.
Starting from this season, teams must be in the top division of their member association to play in South American club competitions, except for teams which are champions of the qualifying tournaments or cups.
Francis Henry Westerton (6 April 1866 – 25 August 1923) was a British stage and silent film actor of the 19th and early 20th centuries who carved a successful career on Broadway from 1905 to 1922.
By the time of the 1881 Census the family were living in Liverpool where Westerton is recorded as a Junior Clerk.
The winners of the 2021 Copa Sudamericana will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2021 Copa Libertadores in the 2022 Recopa Sudamericana.
Starting from this season, teams must be in the top division of their member association to play in South American club competitions, except for teams which are champions of the qualifying tournaments or cups.
A further 10 teams eliminated from the 2021 Copa Libertadores will be transferred to the Copa Sudamericana, entering the second stage.
The 2019 WAFU U-20 Tournament was the second edition of the international U-20 men's football event for teams under the West African Football Union.
Host Guinea, Mauritania, Senegal and Sierra Leone make up Group A whilst Liberia, Mali and Gambia complete Group B (as Guinea-Bissau withdrew).
Teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss), and if tied on points, the following tie-breaking criteria are applied, in the order given, to determine the rankings.
He is the Chairman of the Power International Holding and UrbaCon Trading & Contracting (UCC), one of largest global building and contracting company.
Al Khayyat Contracting and Trading was one of the largest Construction and Trading company in Qatar and expanded its operations into neighbouring countries, undertaking several large and complex projects ranging from highways and bridges, to infrastructure works, factories, commercial complexes and luxury residential and hotel facilities.
Under the direction of Moutaz Al-Khayyat as Chairman, the company has since expanded into a multi-billion QAR business within a short period of five years.
The company consists of a diverse portfolio of businesses from 5 main sectors: general contracting, real estate development, food industries, lifestyle and services.
Charlot Jeudy (January 1, 1984 – November 25, 2019) was a Haitian activist who has been involved in the emergence of an LGBT rights movement in Haiti.
He was a leading figure in the M community (Masisi, Madivin, Monkonpè, Makomè, Mix) in Haiti, as well as a human rights activist with his involvement in Kouraj.
Since 2009, Charlot Jeudy has been struggling with his friends to demonstrate the importance of an organizational structure that promotes LGBT rights in Haiti as he has been the victim of several acts of discrimination.
After 2 years, AMIAMI became KOURAJ in December 2011, integrating other priorities such as the fight against homophobia and transphobia within Haitian society.
He was under pressure but persevered by planning another interview, this time on television, where he publicly stated that he was the president of KOURAJ, an organization defending the homosexual community.
With the help of external partners, the first International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia was held in Haiti on May 17, 2012, to raise awareness among the Haitian population of the need to respect sexual orientation and gender identity.
In 2013 KOURAJ was led by a team of 7 people of which he was the president and 70 active members.
Massimadi Haiti was intended as an opportunity to present for the first time the realities of LGBTQ communities through films, exhibitions and discussions.
Instead, the organisers must cancel everything, particularly because of the death threats to which some have been subjected, and the national turn and international media coverage of the subject in the news.
On August 3, 2018, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti unveiled a community-based intervention project led by LGBTI people.
Its principle is to fight homophobia by promoting a culture of peace and positive values such as law, tolerance, equality, non-discrimination, respect for human life choices and human security.
To this end, the MINUJUSTH Human Rights Section has found a partner in the Kouraj association and its President Charlot Jeudy.
The Azores, an autonomous region of Portugal in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, has experienced the effects of at least 16 Atlantic hurricanes, or storms that were once tropical or subtropical cyclones.
In 1089, under the rule of Robert I of Flanders, deans of St. Donatian's Cathedral were also given the role of chancellors of the County of Flanders.
In this role, they were not only responsible for the administration of the county; it also allowed them to develop an important ecclesiastical seigniory with its own administration and court.
He – and the 17 successive Bishops who would serve the city until the end of the regime – was also given the role of dean and chancellor.
The current building dates from 1665-1666 and was designed by Antwerp architect Cornelis Verhouven and canon Frederic Hillewerve (also from Antwerp).
Lady Justice can be seen above and the Greek gods of truth, charity and justice can be seen on the top pediment.
This was necessary, as the east wall – which was not meant to be seen – was exposed when St. Donatian's Cathedral was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century.
The former provostry was given its current measurements in 1907 when it was extended by the addition of six bays on the left-hand side (towards the Markt) following the demolition of a number of houses.
Jacob Erhard Wilhjelm Gemzøe (25 July 1896 — 4 April 1986), was a Danish chess player, Danish Chess Championship winner (1928).
Jacob Gemzøe also shared 1st — 2nd places in the Danish Chess Championship in 1932, but lost the additional match for champions title Erik Andersen — ½ : 1½.
Defense strategy (in computing) is a concept and practice used by computer designers, users, and IT personnel to help reduce the risk of computer security or cyber-security problems.
Boundary protection employs different security measures and devices to prevent unauthorized access to computer systems (referred to as controlling the system border).
This strategy is based on the assumption that the system has been penetrated, but an intruder cannot prevent the defensive mechanism from being employed.
Examples of this strategy include using the Access level, using a Trusted Platform Module, using a microkernel, using Diode (unidirectional network device), and using air gaps.
This strategy is based on the assumption that the system has been penetrated, but the intruder does not know the architecture of the system and its processes.
The strategy is based on the assumption that the system has been penetrated, but the intruder is not able to decrypt information, or does not have enough time to decrypt it.
For example, encrypting the file system or using encryption software can render the data useless even if an attacker gets access to the file system.Using Data masking, were sensitive data is hidden in non-sensitive data with modified content.
The strategy is based on the assumption that the damage from information disclosure would be greater than the damage caused by deleting the information or disabling the system required to gain access to the information.
Examples of this strategy include information deletion as a response to a security violation (such as unauthorized access attempts) and password resets.
Information redundancy is a strategy performing different security measures to keep redundancy for information and using it in case of damage.
The strategy is based on the assumption that finding and repairing the damage is more complicated than the restoration of the system.
Limiting of actions made by a robot is a strategy performing different security measures to limit a robot's (software bot) actions.
The strategy is based on the assumption that a robot can take more actions, or create damage that a human cannot create.
Examples of this strategy include using anti-spam techniques, using CAPTCHA and other human presence detection techniques, and using DDS-based defense (protection from Denial-of-service attack).
Examples of this strategy include creating and using lists of trusted networks, devices, and applications, blocking untrusted addresses, and vendor management.
Any implementation needs to be supported by the secure enclave strategy in order to prevent neutralizing action by unauthorized access to the protection mechanism.
Even if this strategy is fully successful in its role, this does not guarantee the overall success of the larger defense strategy.
Claude Shannon's theorems show that if the encryption key is smaller than the secured information, the information-theoretic security can not be achieved.
This strategy is not generally possible to use because of the difficulties involved in exchanging one-time pads without the risk of being compromised.
As of 6 January 2020, there were 5,697 confirmed cases of measles and 83 deaths, out of a Samoan population of 200,874.
A state of emergency was declared on 17 November, ordering the closure of all schools, keeping children under 17 away from public events, and making vaccination mandatory.
All unvaccinated families have been ordered to display a red flag or cloth in front of their homes to warn others and to aid mass vaccination efforts.
On 5 and 6 December, the government shut down everything other than public utilities to move all civil servants over to the vaccination campaign.
This curfew was lifted on 7 December when the government estimated that 90% of the population was reached by the vaccination program.
By the end of 1893, over 1,000 people (of a total population of 34,500 at that time) had died from the disease with more deaths the following year.
In the early part of 2019, measles has been spreading throughout the Pacific region, with outbreaks in Tonga, Fiji, the Philippines and New Zealand.
In August 2019, an infected passenger on one of the more than 80,000 annual flights between New Zealand and Samoa probably brought the disease from Auckland to Upolu.
As of 22 December, there were 79 deaths (0.4 per 1,000, based on a population of 200,874, a rate of 14.3 deaths per 1000 infected) and 5,520 cases (2.75% of the population) of measles in Samoa.
Measles is much more contagious compared to other infectious diseases such as polio, which only requires an 80% vaccination rate for the population to attain herd immunity.
The cause of death was incorrect preparation of the vaccine by two nurses who mixed vaccine powder with expired anaesthetic instead of the appropriate diluent.
These two deaths were picked up by anti-vaccine groups and used to incite fear towards vaccination on social media, causing the government to suspend its measles vaccination programme.
After the outbreak started, anti-vaxxers credited the deaths to poverty and poor nutrition or even to the vaccine itself, but this has been discounted by the international emergency medical support that arrived in November and December.
UNICEF and the World Health Organization estimate that the measles vaccination rate in Samoa fell from 74% in 2017 to 34% in 2018, similar to some of the poorest countries in Africa.
Prior to the outbreak, vaccination rates had dropped to 31% in Samoa, compared to 99% in nearby Nauru, Niue, Cook Islands, and American Samoa.
Before seeking proper medical treatment, some parents first took their children to 'traditional healers' who used machines purchased from Australia that are claimed to produce immune-protective water.
A state of emergency was declared on 17 November, ordering the closure of all schools, keeping children under 17 away from public events, and making vaccination mandatory.
Tonga closed all schools for several days, while American Samoa required all travelers from Tonga and Samoa to present proof of vaccination.
All unvaccinated families were ordered to display a red flag or red cloth in front of their homes to warn others and to aid mass vaccination efforts.
On 5 and 6 December, the government shut down everything other than public utilities in order to assign all available civil servants to the vaccination campaign efforts.
The curfew was lifted on 7 December when the government estimated that 90% of the population had been reached by the vaccination program.
On 31 December, Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, the Prime Minister of Samoa, addressed the nation to ring in the New Year; the measles outbreak was a focus of his speech.
He acknowledged the support of the Samoan diaspora and 49 medical teams from the following countries and organisations: Australia, China, France/French Polynesia, Fiji through UNFPA, Israel, United States/Hawaii, Japan, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Norway, United Nations Agencies, United Kingdom and UK Save the Children, Solomon Islands and Kiribati through the Pacific Community, American Samoa, Médecins Sans Frontières, Blacktown Doctors Medical Centre, and Samoan Doctors Worldwide.
Immunology experts are now questioning the role of social media, primarily Facebook, and how social media facilitated the spread of vaccination hesitancy during the lethal outbreak.
The Immunisation Advisory Centre in New Zealand sees the Samoan crisis as a sign that social media needs to deal with dangerous misinformation.
UFC Fight Night: Felder vs. Hooker (also known as UFC Fight Night 168 and UFC on ESPN+ 26) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on February 23, 2020 at Spark Arena in Auckland, New Zealand.
Promotion officials have not announced whether or not Moreira would remain on the card against a replacement, or be rescheduled for another event.
The area of distribution covers most of Europe (Austria, Belgium, British Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, European Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland) and North Africa.
These bees have a slender, cylindrical shaped black body, with white short fringe bands along the posterior margins of the tergites, that are usually filled with pollen of the preferred pollen host.
The females usually build their nests in old beetle burrows found in dead wood, but they also may use hollow plant stalks.
The Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation (SCOT), previously known as the National Kidney Foundation (Saudi), until it was renamed in 1993, is a centre for the transplantation of organs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between the Philippines women and other ICC members after 1 July 2018 will be a full WT20I.
The Philippine Cricket Association planned to form a women's national team as early as 2017 and managed to gather enough players to form a national team women's national team in 2019.
Komando Daerah Militer XVI/ Pattimura (or abbreviated Kodam XVI / Pattimura) is the Defense Regional Command which contains Province North Maluku and Maluku.
The territorial area of Kodam XVI / Pattimura covers 2 (two) Provinces, namely North Maluku Province and Maluku Province and 20 (twenty) Regency / City areas, namely 9 Regencies / Cities in Maluku Province North and 11 Regencies / Cities in Maluku Province and 171 District Areas, namely 111 Districts in North Maluku Province and 60 Districts in Maluku Province.
Kodam XVI / Pattimura has 2 (two) Military Resort Commands (Korem) namely Korem 151 / Binaiya consisted of 5 Kodim according to Maluku Province region with Korem 152 / Babullah consists of 6 Kodim Covers North Maluku Province region.
The South Maluku Army Command, late in August, was charged with the invasion of the Buru, Seram, Ambon and Lease islands to reclaim the islands from the hands of the RMS government through guerilla operations.
That force was the main local formation that helped the Army win the Invasion of Ambon in the early fall of 1950.
The D Force Command on July 5, 1952 was later transformed into the 25th Infantry Regiment, 7th TA under the leadership of its first regimental commander, Lieutenant Colonel Sukowati.
On May 7, 1960, Major General AH Nasution, Commander of the Armed Forces, handed over the command colour to the commanding officer of the military region, COL Herman Pieters.
In accordance with the development of the strategic concept of Defense and Security in general and whole of the Armed Forces in particular, several TNI AD Commands (Kotama) including Kodam XV / Pattimura were merged to other regional commands according to the demands of military reorganization policies of the then Commander of the Armed Forces, General Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani in a General Orders signed on 22 September 1984.
Then, in accordance with a Decree of the Chief of Staff of the Army dated December 26, 1984 and realized with the Decree of the Military Commander XV / Pattimura on January 8, 1985, the 174th Military Area Command Pattimura was formed which covered the entire Kodam XV/ Pattimura area of operations.
On May 6, 1985, Brigadier General H. Simanjuntak handed the command colour of the 15th RMC to the then Chief of Staff of the Army, General TNI Rudini, officially dissolving the regional command.
With psychological and historical considerations, the name Pattimura was retained as the newly formed Korem name with Col. Inf Soeharsono S appointed as the first area commander, who reported under the command of the newly formed Kodam XVII /Trikora, with HQ located in Jayapura, Papua.
After decades of peace, in the aftermath of the fall of Suharto from power sectarian violence flared in the islands in the 1999-2002 Maluku sectarian conflict.
With the threat of religious violence spreading into the now twin provinces of the Maluku Islands the National Armed Forces made it clear that the diversity of the island's peoples and religions were at stake and a territorial reorganization was needed to ensure a stronger military presence.
Pursuant to several orders by the office of the Chief of Staff of the Army, on May 7, 1999 the 174th MAC was dissolved and in its place Kodam XVI/Pattimura was reactivated on May 15, 1999 in Ambon during a Military Ceremony presided by the Chief of Staff General TNI Subagyo HS.
On the occasion of the ceremony the Chief of Staff officially inaugurated Brigadier General Max M.Tamaela as the first regional commander and the historic day was subsequently celebrated as the Anniversary of Kodam XVI / Pattimura.
Reborn in the face of interreligious violence, today the 16th RMC is committed to help contribute to national defense and territorial integrity, as well as in community development.
It was the servicemen of this command, in the aftermath of the Malino II Accord of 2002, that helped the peoples of Maluku recover from the years of violence that divided the Christian and Muslim communities, and thus helped the transformation of these frontier islands of the east into havens of diversity.
The Passionist Fathers Monastery is a historic monastery at 5700 N. Harlem Avenue in the Norwood Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.
The monastery was built in 1910 for the Passionists, an order of Roman Catholic monks which believed in austere living and hosting spiritual retreats.
Architect Joseph Molitor, who also designed several churches for the Archdiocese of Chicago in the early twentieth century, designed the monastery.
Its Baroque influence is apparent in the Dutch gable above the main entrance, while its rounded arched windows and corbeling come from the Romanesque style.
The planet was discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured.
The planet is very close to its bright (V=9.8 mag) main sequence late F host star (based on solar radius, age, temperature and metallicity), TOI 677, and orbits the star once every 11.24 days in an eccentric orbit (e=0.435).
Geni Thakor, also known as Geniben Nagaji Thakor, is an Indian politician and member of the legislative assembly of Gujarat legislative assembly from Vav.
In 2019, Geni Thakor supported the decision of Thakor community to ban use of mobile phones for unmarried girls of community.
On 4 October 2019, Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 4050 crashed due to fuel exhaustion on approach to Lviv International Airport, during a flight from Vigo, Spain to Istanbul, Turkey via Lviv, Ukraine, killing five people, and three people were seriously injured.
The accident aircraft was an Antonov An-12 cargo aircraft, powered by four turboprop engines, registered as UR-CAH and built in 1968 with msn.
The aircraft departed Vigo-Peinador Airport in Spain, bound for Istanbul International Airport in Turkey, with eight people aboard, seven crew and one passenger, which was a cargo escort.
Flight 4050 was a cargo flight, carrying of cargo, with the intention to stop-over on Lviv International Airport, in Ukraine for refuelling, before continuing to Istanbul.
The aircraft was approaching Runway 31, on heading 310, in difficult weather conditions; although there was little wind, vertical visibility was only , while visibility near the ground was and Runway Visual Range (RVR) was .
It was finally determined five people perished in the crash, at least four of them were crew, and the sole passenger, a cargo escort.
Initially it was reported that there were three crew and one passenger, all four killed, but it was eventually corrected by the ministry.
Day after the crash, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) prohibited the airline's flights into the airspace of the European Union due to safety questions about the airline.
The other information, such as air traffic control communication, radar data, weather information, emergency service response and ground based navigation aids at the airport were also collected.
The lyrical subject, lyrical speaker or lyrical I is the voice or person in charge of narrating the words of a poem or other lyrical work.
The lyrical subject is a conventional literary figure, historically associated with the author, although it is not necessarily the author who speaks for themselves in the subject.
The lyrical subject may be an anonymous, non-personal, or stand-alone entity; the author as a subject; the author's persona or some other character appearing and participating within the story of a poem (example would be the lyrical speaker of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe - a lonely man who misses his lost love Leonor, not Edgar Allan Poe), whether fictitious or factual.
Although sometimes the author can refer to himself, he will always do so in the form of a speaker and not directly.
He is a prime suspect in the Gypsy Hill killings, a series of murders of young women in San Mateo County, California (and possibly Reno, Nevada), whose killer was named The San Mateo Slasher.
By this time, Cathy Woods, a mental patient who was convicted for one of the victims' murders, was exonerated after 35 years behind bars.
During his school years, due to being introverted, Rodney was characterized with low sociability and deviance towards other students and staff, as a result of which he gained reputation as a bully.
After an arrest for participation in a hijacking, Rodney was kicked out of school and sent to an institution for juvenile offenders, after which he resumed his newfound criminal career.
In 1963, Halbower was received on parole, but quickly violated the conditions of his probation, and in 1964, at the age of 16, he was sent back to prison.
Released the following year, Rodney burglarized a house, for which he arrested, but managed to flee from the country prison in September.
The victim survived and Rodney was arrested, but released on bail and remained at large during the preliminary investigation, which ended in the spring of 1976.
In May, his trial began, during which he was found guilty of assaulting the girl and received a sentence of life imprisonment.
He was not tried to kidnapping his daughter, but he was accused of fleeing from prison, for which he was later given a 6-year sentence.
On December 15, 1976, Halbower, together with his 23-year-old accomplice Orlando Jaime, made another escape from the prison, climbing on the roof of one of the buildings along the wall, reaching the fence and escaping.
The investigation revealed that the escape was possible due to improper performance of duties by the guards, who were subsequently subjected to disciplinary action.
Once free, Halbower stole a car and drove to Oregon, where he attacked a girl in Jackson, raping and stabbing her several times.
He was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, but was extradited back to Nevada, so he could continue serving his life imprisonment term.
He was released from prison on parole in November 2013, but was immediately extradited to Oregon to serve his 15-year term for rape and attempted murder.
On January 8, 1976, the body of 18-year-old Veronica Cascio was discovered in a creek on the grounds of the Sharp Park Golf Course in Pacifica.
A body, later identified as hers, was discovered on June 6 at Sharp Park Road, in a wooded area of the city known as Gypsy Hills.
During his incarceration, a blood sample was taken from him for DNA testing, which, in September 2014, showed correspondence of his genotypic profile with the profile of the man who had left biological evidence on the corpses of Paula Baxter and Veronica Cascio.
The study also showed that Halbower's DNA profile coincided with the one isolated from saliva on cigarette butts found near the body of Michelle Mitchell, who was killed in February 1976 in Reno, Nevada.
Rodney Halbower was extradited to California, where, in January 2015, he was charged with three of the murders, to which he plead not guilty.
In addition, Halbower was suspected in Denise Lampe's murder, but testing of the DNA blood stains, left on the girl's body, showed a mismatch with Rodney's profile.
In 2016, Halbower was sent in for forensic examination, and it was determined that he wasn't suffering from mental illnesses or abnormalities, and thus, in June, a verdict was issued on his sanity.
In the same year, Halbower filed a petition to refuse qualified legal assistance and lawyers, and a petition to represent himself at trial, but a judge denied them, as a number of experts proved that he was too incompetent to appear before the court without a proper defense team.
At the trial, Halbower was in a very positive mood, refused to plead guilty, and frequently argued with the judge and prosecutors.
On September 18, 2018, Rodney Halbower was found guilty by the jury for the murders of Cascio and Baxter, and received two life sentences for each.
Despite the fact there isn't enough evidence to accuse him of Blackwell and Booth's killing, they are also believed to have been committed by Halbower.
As of 2019, he is expecting extradition to Nevada, where Halbower is due to stand trial for the murder of Michelle Mitchell.
A French Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopter collided with a Eurocopter AS532 Cougar military transport helicopter at low-altitude at night while on a sortie near the town of Ménaka in Northern Mali.
The helicopters were in the midst of pursuing militants on vehicles and motor-bikes, after ground forces had called in for air support.
Her work was noticed by members of the Tokugawa shogunate, including Tokugawa Ieyasu and Tokugawa Hidetada, and she was often hired by them to teach members of their court.
Northwestern Albania was struck by a strong 6.4-magnitude earthquake with an epicentre 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west-southwest of Mamurras, at 03:54 CET () on 26 November 2019.
The earthquake lasted at least 50 seconds and was felt in Albania's capital Tirana, and in places as far away as Taranto and Belgrade, 370 kilometres (230 mi) northeast of the epicentre.
It was the strongest earthquake to hit Albania in more than 40 years, its deadliest earthquake in 99 years and the world's deadliest earthquake in 2019.
Albania lies across the convergent boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Adriatic Plate, part of the complex collision zone with the African Plate.
In 1979, the largest of these events struck further north, in Montenegro, killing 136 people (101 in Montenegro and 35 in Albania).
The most recent significant earthquake in the area was an M 5.6 event on 21 September 2019 with an epicentre ENE of Durrës, which was at the time the most powerful in 30 years and damaged 500 houses.
The observed focal mechanism is consistent with reverse movement on a NW-SE trending fault, parallel to the known thrust faults in the area.
The largest aftershock occurred at 07:08 CET (UTC+1), less than four hours after the mainshock, with a magnitude of M 5.4.
The damage was mostly in the large port city of Durrës and the village of Kodër-Thumanë, which are near the epicentre of the earthquake.
A state of emergency lasting 30 days was declared by the Albanian government for Durrës, Thumanë and Tirana and later extended to Lezhë and Laç.
In accordance with the Albanian constitution regarding an emergency situation, the Albanian parliament granted Prime Minister Edi Rama state of emergency powers to deal with earthquake aftermath.
Albanian soldiers, numbering in the hundreds, and some 2,000 Albanian police officers were dispatched to the earthquake affected localities of Thumanë, Durrës, and the nearby wider area.
Three hundred emergency tents to shelter some 1,000 people were erected at a sportsfield within Thumanë and close to a stadium in Durrës.
Albanian troops working with limited resources rescued people from debris of collapsed structures and they were assisted by 250 troops from the United States and various European countries.
Subsequently, rescue crews with specialised equipment, sniffer dogs and emergency supplies came to Albania from neighbouring countries and other European nations to help in the search efforts and provide for those left homeless.
Special forces (RENEA) continued searching for several people that were reported missing, and at least 45 individuals were rescued alive from the rubble.
According to official information, 51 people were killed in the earthquake - 25 in Durrës, 25 in Thumanë, and 1 in Lezhë.
Following the earthquake an additional 2 people from Kurbin died, one from their injuries in hospital and another through suicide, due to posttraumatic stress.
Albania's Minister of Health Ogerta Manastirliu initially announced over 900 injuries, of which 731 were treated at the hospitals in Tirana and Durrës alone.
Reports from the Ministry of Health stated that care was provided for 62 injured people who were in a stable condition, with the exception of 3 people in intensive care.
An Albanian military owned dwelling in Durrës, social centres in Tirana and various privately owned buildings such as 90 gyms in Krujë, Tirana, Lezhë, Durrës and numerous hotels in Vlorë, Durrës and Tirana were adapted and opened to shelter displaced people.
Some 2,500 displaced people have been housed in hotels, another 2,100 are in tents, whereas others affected by the earthquake slept in gyms or their cars.
In Durrës, authorities distributed food throughout the city and reports of complaints emerged that some people had not yet obtained supplies.
Due to safety concerns and aftershocks, some people were not allowed to reenter their own homes and became dependent on food donations until engineers checked buildings.
Displaced people have been relocated to Kosovo with 500 residing in a former German NATO military base in Prizren refitted as a temporary camp by the Kosovo government.
Some displaced people are housed in the Kosovan municipalities of Lipjan numbering 3 families, 11 families with 48 members in Podujevë, 70 people in Malishevë, 150 people in Pristina and others in Gjakova.
Albanian President Ilir Meta, Prime Minister Rama and opposition leader Lulzim Basha visited the earthquake epicentre to see firsthand the situation and damage.
The often fraught political rivalry between Meta, Rama and Basha was put aside as all three were involved in relief efforts.
National operational centres were established by the Albanian government along with a phone line for people affected by the earthquake needing clothes or food.
2,500 people have been displaced by the earthquake and are temporarily being accommodated either in the Niko Dovana Stadium of Durrës in tents or in hotels.
On 30 November Prime Minister Rama announced the end of the search and rescue operation, as no more bodies were expected to be under the rubble.
According to his statement, about 2,000 people were injured from the earthquake in total, with more than 4,000 being left homeless in the disaster's aftermath.
Preliminary figures showed that more than 1,465 buildings in the capital Tirana suffered serious damage, in addition to about 900 in nearby Durrës.
The first funeral for the deceased was held on Friday with hundreds of people in attendance including President Meta and Prime Minister Rama.
Earthquake damage is being checked by civil engineers from the European Union, United States and local experts to assess whether buildings are structurally sound, unsafe and required demolition or just needed replastering.
Demolition of damaged structures deemed unsafe, some through remote control explosions by the Albanian army began, with others to follow suit in future.
The Prosecutor's office ordered on 3 December that it needed lists of damaged buildings from police and municipal authorities before permission was granted for demolition, due to pending investigations.
The EU office in Albania estimated that some 1.9 million people out of a total population of 2.8 million have been affected by the earthquake.
Of those, more than 3,000 people were injured, 14,000 became homeless and throughout Albania 14,000 buildings were damaged of which 2,500 are rendered uninhabitable.
A fortnight after the event, some rural earthquake victims in the impact zone stated that government aid was either inadequate to non-existent and that they were still living in a dire situation.
In late January 2020, 48,000 dwellings and structures have undergone inspection and the government has identified 35 areas in 10 municipalities for future rebuilding work.
A national day of mourning was declared in Albania and neighbouring Kosovo where two of the victims were from and which has an ethnic Albanian majority population.
Albanian Independence Day celebrations, held annually on 28 November were cancelled in Albania, Kosovo and in majority Albanian municipalities of North Macedonia and Montenegro.
In Albania, volunteers, along with some small organisations established drop off points for donations of food, clothing, blankets and hygiene products at prominent landmarks throughout Tirana and used social media to mobilise people to provide assistance.
Three humanitarian organisations sorted and packed the items and sent them through several truckloads for distribution among displaced people of the earthquake zone.
The Socialist party in parliament and members of the Albanian government along with 60 mayors donated their November salary to the aid effort.
The Muslim Community of Albania organised nationwide fundraising for monetary, food and material supplies and opened its mosques and madrasas as a place of shelter for earthquake victims.
The Catholic Church in Albania held mass in its churches on 27 and 28 November for earthquake victims and coordinated its relief efforts through local branches of the Catholic charity Caritas.
The Albanian government established a monetary compensation scheme that would give families of deceased people scholarships to children, pensions for the elderly and 1 million lek ($9,000) for a family.
Rama stated that the draft budget of 2020 would provide frunds for the construction of homes and cost some 7 billion leke ($63.10 million) or 0.4% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The exact final amount is unknown and apart from the aim of getting displaced people into homes, Rama wants reconstructrion to expand economic growth, jobs and consuption.
Apart from costs and planned projects already factored in, the government committed itself to no new budgetary expenditure except for irrigation, so as to accumulate funds for reconstruction.
In late January 2020, the government budget placed a total of 20 billion Lek in a fund for the future rebuilding process.
In Albania, a large proportion of the earthquake damage has been blamed on corruption, violations of the building code and substandard construction following the demise of communism during the early 1990s.
The Albanian state has drafted a law in the aftermath of the earthquake that would see investors, supervisors and architects go to prison for a period of 7–15 years if proper construction practices are violated.
On 14 December, Albanian prosecutors and police detained nine people on charges of murder and abuse of power, including two owners of collapsed hotels.
In mid December, Prime Minister Rama was criticised by NGOs, human rights organisations and parts of the media of misusing the situation to pass controversial legislation after he sought a three-month extension for his state of emergency powers from parliament.
A new government portfolio was established and on 20 December, Arben Ahmetaj became the Minister of State for Reconstruction to oversee the rebuilding process.
In Kosovo, its ethnic Albanian population reacted to the earthquake in Albania with sentiments of solidarity, moved in part by memories of solidarity and sanctuary the Albanians of Albania provided them when they fled ethnic cleansing by Serb forces during the 1999 Kosovo war.
In Pristina, volunteers established a drop off point in the central square for donations of supplies and several truckloads were sent to displaced people affected by the earthquake.
Volunteers and humanitarian aid in trucks, buses and hundreds of cars from Kosovo traveled to Albania to assist in the situation and people were involved in tasks such as the operation of mobile kitchens and gathering financial aid.
The Islamic Community of Kosovo organised a fundraising effort on 29 November after Friday prayers across all its mosques within the country and sent several convoys of aid to earthquake victims.
In Kosovo, the Catholic Church held mass on 1 December across the country and it collected charitable donations by parishioners for earthquake victims and their families.
President Hashim Thaçi was part of a presidential delegation that visited the earthquake epicentre and expressed his condolences on behalf of Kosovo.
On 29 November, outgoing Kosovo Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj and his possible successor Albin Kurti visited Durrës to survey the damage and expressed Kosovan commitment to relief efforts and the need for institutional cooperation between both countries.
Albanians from North Macedonia responded in large numbers to the Albanian government's appeal for financial assistance through donations to various humanitarian organisations and special bank accounts fundraising for aid.
The Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia organised a fundraising effort on 29 November after Friday prayers across all its mosques within North Macedonia.
Parliamentary speaker Talat Xhaferi, Deputy Prime Minister Bujar Osmani and leader of DUI Ali Ahmeti were part of a delegation of Albanian politicians from North Macedonia visiting the earthquake epicentre that expressed their condolences to President Meta.
In Montenegro, ethnic Albanians from Ulcinj were involved in a major relief effort sending items such as food, blankets, diapers and baby milk through a local humanitarian organisation Amaneti and in Tuzi through fundraising efforts.
A blood donation effort for earthquake victims was organised by the Bosniak Youth Forum of Montenegro with hundreds of Albanians from Ulcinj partaking in the initiative.
In Ulcinj, the Islamic Community of Montenegro collected aid for earthquake victims in all mosques of the city and surrounding area.
Various prominent businesses owned by ethnic Albanians and charities in Albania and Kosovo along with notable members of the Albanian community in the Balkans including businessmen, politicians, journalists, actors and socialites made large financial contributions for humanitarian aid.
Businesses that made large donations include the International Albanian Airport (€1,000,000) and Balfin Group (€1,200,000), the charities Fundjavë Ndryshe ($1,400,000) and Shqiptarët për Shqiptarët ($590,000), along with individuals such as Kosovo politician Behgjet Pacolli (€1,000,000) and Albanian businessman Shefqet Kastrati (€1,500,000).
Globally, the Albanian diaspora expressed its solidarity and held multiple fundraisers to send money to Albania and assist people impacted by the earthquake.
Global celebrities of Albanian descent such as Bebe Rexha, Rita Ora, and Dua Lipa pledged support, sent donations, and made visits to the country's most quake-ravaged regions in hopes to rebuild some of the affected areas' infrastructure.
In all, these non-state donations by Albanians from the Balkans and global diaspora totaled some 13 million dollars of humanitarian assistance to Albania.
Individual donations by people from 76 countries were also made through online fundraising on the websites GoFundMe and Facebook totaling $3,600,000.
Money from the Albanian diaspora continued to arrive in Albania and Prime Minister Rama tasked a group of fundraisers, that includes a Muslim imam experienced in housing the needy, to combine the donations and maintain oversight of their usage.
The European Union, the Catholic Pope, the Ecumenical Patriarch, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Secretary General, presidents of Azerbaijan, China, Armenia, Serbia, Montenegro, United States and Greece, the German Chancellor, the monarchs of Qatar, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, the Bulgarian Prime Minister and the Iranian and Estonian foreign ministers expressed their condolences to the people of Albania.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed his condolences, called for aid from other Muslim countries and stated he will lobby them to give assistance to Albania for future reconstruction.
Prime Minister Rama contacted President Erdogan and asked for the creation of an international donors conference with one involving western countries and the other with states from the east.
Rama also wrote to US President Donald J. Trump and other countries such as Sweden, Malaysia, Japan, Great Britain, Germany and Australia asking for assistance.
The Turkish reconstruction effort will focus on Laç and Kodër-Thumanë where the homes will be built, along with civic structures such as gardens, parks, shopping centers, parking lots and religious buildings.
The Turkish government will administer reconstruction in Laç and cooperate with the Albanian government on building designs and getting earthquake affected people quickly into homes.
At the NATO 2019 London summit (3–4 December), constructive discussions were held by Prime Minister Rama with French President Emmanuel Macron, President Trump, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and other European leaders over establishing an international conference for financial aid.
In Istanbul, Turkey held a donors conference (8 December) for Albania that was organised and attended by President Erdogan and included Turkish businessmen, investors and Prime Minister Rama.
On 12 December, Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio made calls for the establishment of an international conference for financial aid to Albania.
Following the completion of the earthquake damage report by Albanian authorities, the European Council announced on 13 December that the European Union will organise an international donors conference for January 2020 in Tirana.
A Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) was established by the United Nations (UN), World Bank and EU to assess the situation and to provide information for the donors' conferance regarding efforts toward rehabilitation and reconstruction.
On 10 January the EU announced that it had organised a donors’ conference for Albania to take place on 17 February.
Apart from the EU and its member countries, delegates from other states, international organisations and financial institutions such as the UN and World Bank are expected to partake in the conference.
The public relations firm launched with a total of seven employees including Senior Vice Presidents Pam Lord and Jason Spark, now serving as two of the four Managing Directors of the 30-person life sciences communications agency.
On November 26, 2019, UDG Healthcare announced its acquisition of Canale Communications, which joins UDG's global agency network Ashfield Healthcare Communications.
In 2016, San Diego State Assembly Speaker Emeritus and LGBT Caucus member Toni Atkins honored Canale-Theakston as a 78th District Woman of the Year.
The Company ranked #39 in Top Media Companies in the 2019 Inc. 5000 Awards, making the Inc. 5000 list for the second year in a row.
Canale Communications won 14 Edward L. Bernays Awards, and account manager Cambria Fuqua was named San Diego's New Professional of the Year, at the 2019 Public Relations Society of America's San Diego awards.
The main task of the Kodiklat is to provide guidance on the doctrine / system of terrestrial dimension operations, education and training of the TNI AD.
The founding of the Kodiklat, began with the establishment of the Infantry Directorate in 1950, then in 1951 it was changed to the Army Education Directorate, abbreviated as DPAD.
As the reorganization within the ABRI body was merged and formed into KOBANGDIKLAT, which was subsequently liquidated into PUSBANGSISOPS and PUSBINDIK as the Central Implementing Body.
PUSBANGSISOPS and PUSBINDIK are considered to be more effective if they are coordinated into one Unit so that through the Kasad Skep Number Skep / 454 / XI / 1994 dated November 17, 1994 the two formations were merged into the current Kodiklatad.
His parents liked listening to folk pop, folk rock and jazz, which made an early influence on yo-ka's own music taste.
He was often made fun of being a singer in junior high school, thus he decided to learn playing the guitar and started composing songs on a guitar, however, he only learned about chords later on.
After graduating from high school, he decided to study music at a college but after nine months he thought it was not possible to learn songwriting in school, and thus moved to Tokyo on his own to create a band.
The leaves have prominent papillate epidermal cells all over their surface, and the leaf-tips have several slightly elongated bladder cells, extending at various levels.
The solitary flowers are purple or deep pink, with a low central cone (later opening into a tube) and without filamentous staminodes.
UFC Fight Night: Benavidez vs. Figueiredo (also known as UFC Fight Night 169 and UFC on ESPN+ 27) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on February 29, 2020 at Chartway Arena in Norfolk, Virginia.
While not officially announced by the organization, a UFC Flyweight Championship bout for the vacant title between former title challenger Joseph Benavidez and Deiveson Figueiredo is expected to serve as the event headliner.
Multi-divisional champion Henry Cejudo announced on December 20, 2019 that he would be relinquishing the flyweight title and would concentrate on competing solely in the bantamweight division.
However, on January 14, 2020, Dawson announced on his personal social media that he was forced to withdraw from the bout.
In 1952 Tripp started his own design firm with Bill Campbell, Tripp & Campbell, located in a small office on the seventh floor of 10 Rockefeller Plaza.
Tripp began experimenting with a new material for hull construction and began designing boats for fiberglass, becoming a pioneer in the field.
Tripp was not happy with his professional partnership with Campbell and dissolved the company and formed his own, based in his home town of Port Washington, New York.
While he did not create the wide beam, shallow draft centerboarder ... he surely refined the type to the extent that he became associated with centerboard racing/cruising boats.
The wide transom, low counter design of his boats’ sterns were quite new in the late 1950s, causing many derisive comments among traditionalists, but I don’t hear anyone laughing about the shape of the Bermuda 40’s stern anymore ...
Following this political career, Soemanang served as directors in two banks before becoming an executive director at the International Monetary Fund.
Sumanang participated in the First Indonesian Language Congress in Surakarta on 25 June 1938, which aimed to standardize the Indonesian language - then recently declared as the national language following the 1928 Youth Pledge.
Sumanang had offered to gather influential businesspeople and scholars to the congress after a spontaneous request by fellow journalist Soedarjo Tjokrosisworo.
He was a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee, and he was later appointed as a representative of the Republic of Indonesia to the Senate of the United States of Indonesia, representing the Republic, in 1950, though the United States of Indonesia was defederalized six months after his appointment and Soemanang became a member of the Provisional People's Representative Council instead.
One of his policies was to return the oil wells in North Sumatra back to the control of Royal Dutch Shell, which faced fierce criticism from the parliament and he withdrew this decision.
He also served as an executive director in the International Monetary Fund for some time, representing Indonesia, Algeria, Ghana, Laos, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia.
He also served as a member of parliament for the Akim Abuakwa West constituency from 1964 to 1965 and the Kade constituency from 1965 to 1966.
He worked with the Bank of British West Africa and the Bank of the Gold Coast (now Ghana Commercial Bank) prior to his appointment as deputy Governor of the Bank of Ghana.
While at the bank, he succeeded in organising his colleagues into a trade union and from 1945 to 1949 he was the Secretary of the Bank Employees Union and General Secretary when there was a split in the Union.
In 1949 he was promoted to managerial status, this made him one of the first three Africans to attain this feat.
As a manager, he was assigned to the Credit Department of the High Street Branch of the bank as it's manager.
He was the foreign exchange and credit manager at the bank until 1957 when he was appointed assistant manager to the bank.
These banking institutions were: The Workers' Bank (Bank Hapoalim) in Tel Aviv, The Central Bank of Israel in Jerusalem, Glyn Mills and Company in London, the Royal Bank of Scotland in Edinburgh, Agricultural Mortgage Corporation then in London and the Scottish Investment Institution.
From 1958 to 1960 he was attached to the Messrs J. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation in New York City, and to the Bank Leumi Le-Israel in Tel Aviv, Israel.
In July 1960 he was appointed Deputy Governor of the Bank of Ghana and he held this office until 30 April 1964 when he resigned to enter politics.
Amoako-Atta became a member of parliament in 1964 replacing Michael Reynolds Darku-Sarkwa (who died that same year) as Member of Parliament for the Akim Abuakwa West Constituency.
That same year he was appointed Minister for Finance and in 1965 he became the member of parliament for the Kade constituency.
He served in this capacity while doubling as the Minister for Finance until February 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
In the post Nkrumah regime, he held various public posts such as serving as a Financial consultant to Tata Brewery in 1974 and serving in the National Redemption Council (NRC) government as a consultant on matters affecting socialist countries from 1973 to 1976.
In 1957 he married a second wife; Madam Emelia Lutterodt but had no issue with her until the marriage broke down in 1965.
Else Merke (15 June 1920 – 6 March 2005) was a member of the State Council of East Germany, the country's collective head of state, from 1963 until 1971.
In 1950 she became a member of the Democratic Women's League of Germany (DFD), and later its deputy chairwoman in 1964.
Merke was awarded the Clara Zetkin Medal in 1958, the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1966, and the Star of People's Friendship in 1985.
The alliance was formed by non-NDA political parties in Maharashtra as a result of 2019 Maharashtra political crisis where the BJP and Shiv Sena failed to form a government due to differences in their preferred Chief Minister and important portfolio positions after the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election.
Sharad Pawar, Sanjay Raut, Ahmed Patel and other leaders across the NCP, INC and Shiv Sena worked to materialize this alliance after Shiv Sena and BJP parted ways and Shiv Sena's lone minister in Modi cabinet, Arvind Sawant, tendered his resignation.
As of now it has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in cabinet, allocation of ministries and the issues that will be raised in Assembly.
Given the varied ideologies among the partner parties, there is a plan to form two committees for guidance of the coalition.
The current MVA government includes Shiv Sena leaders Eknath Shinde & Subhash Desai, NCP leaders Chhagan Bhujbal & Jayant Patil and Congress leaders Balasaheb Thorat and Nitin Raut.
Rosborough began his career coaching basketball in 1970 in Chicago at Corkery Junior High, before being hired as an assistant coach in 1974 by Lute Olson at Iowa.
Rosborough and Olson coached together for nine seasons at Iowa, reaching five consecutive NCAA tournament berths and reaching the 1980 NCAA Final Four.
Rosborough coached briefly at Tulsa (1985-1986) and as head coach at NIU (1986-1989) before rejoining Olson in 1989 as an assistant, and eventual associate head coach, at Arizona through 18 seasons.
The team was a prominent collegiate basketball program in the United States throughout the 90's and 00's, reaching 18 consecutive NCAA tournament berths, eight Pac-10 championships, three NCAA Final Fours, and winning the 1997 NCAA Championship.
He served as an assistant coach for the University of Arizona women's tennis program for four seasons with Vicky Maes, before taking his current role as an assistant coach with Todd Holthaus for the Pima College women's basketball program in 2015.
Rosborough is in his 45th season of coaching across all levels, with a career record of 977 wins and 406 losses, a winning percentage over 70%.
Jim Rosborough was born in Moline, Illinois to Jim and Pinky Rosborough on December 2, 1944 and is of Scottish American descent.
Rosborough's grandfather, Caldwell Rosborough, was the president of the Moline School Board when it approved funding to build Wharton Field House to host Moline High School basketball games.
Rosborough's father, also named Jim Rosborough and who also played for Moline High School, scored the first basket during the first game in Wharton Field House on December 21, 1928.
As a senior in the 1961-62 season, Rosborough averaged 13.0 points and 9.0 rebounds per game as a forward, leading his team to a 21-3 record, a No.1 ranking in the state, and a berth in the Illinois state tournament.
Rosborough earned first team all-Mississippi Valley Conference accolades, as well as all-Metro Moline and All-Quad Cities honors, and was a fourth team all-state selection.
Upon graduating in 1962, Rosborough attended the University of Iowa to play on the basketball team where he was coached by Sharm Scheuerman for the first two seasons, and Ralph Miller for the final two seasons.
Following college, Rosborough completed a year of law school before beginning his career as a teacher at the Daniel J. Corkery School on Chicago's west side.
In 1970, he volunteered to organize and coach the eighth grade basketball team and across four seasons, would lead the team to 127 wins and 22 losses.
I’m thinking in four years there we won a hundred-some games traveling all over the Chicago area.” It was during this time that Rosborough became familiar with the Chicago basketball high school scene which would lead to his first collegiate coaching position at Iowa.
Soon after the hire, Rosborough, a former Iowa Hawkeye but still a teacher and eighth grade coach in Chicago at the time, called Olson to tell him about a prospect.
Rosborough would rise to become Olson's top assistant and Iowa's chief recruiter in Chicago, landing key recruits Kenny Arnold and Ronnie Lester who would take Iowa to five straight NCAA tournaments and the Final Four in 1980.
Rosborough and Olson coached together for nine seasons from 1974-1983 with an overall record of 167-91, before Olson left Iowa to accept the head coaching position at the University of Arizona.
On Olson's departure, Rosborough was hired as an assistant to Athletic Director Bump Elliot and stayed at Iowa for two additional years.
Following the success in Tulsa, Rosborough was hired as the head men's basketball coach at Northern Illinois University in April 1986, with a stated goal to build a team that could make the NCAA tournament.
In his three seasons as head coach at NIU, he answered to three different Athletic Directors, an instability that led to Rosborough being fired from the program in 1989.
Rosborough's freshman recruiting class at NIU would go on reach the NCAA tournament in the 1990-1991 season and win 25 games, the most in school history, solidifying the rebuilding of the program that Rosborough had started.
Following the 1997 National Championship, Olson promoted Rosborough to Associate Head Coach, the position he would retain until leaving the team in 2007.
In the first game of the NCAA Tournament, Arizona was in danger of getting upset by South Alabama, who was leading by two points at the half.
The Wildcats relied on a perimeter strategy from guards Miles Simon, Mike Bibby, Michael Dickerson, and Jason Terry to carry the team.
When Lute Olson was hired at Iowa in the spring of 1974, Jim Rosborough phoned and told him about a Chicago prospect.
Rosborough served under Olson for nine seasons at Iowa, and for 18 seasons at Arizona as an assistant coach, and following the 1997 national championship, as associate head coach.
As Arizona's associate head coach, Rosborough's expertise within the Olson basketball system was a driving force that allowed the Arizona program to remain at the highest levels in the country, both on and off the court.
Following the season, Rosborough rejected an offer to move to a non-coaching position within the athletic department, ending the long partnership with Olson.
The team would go on to have their best season in school history at the time, finishing 7th in the NJCAA tournament.
Rosborough worked as an assistant coach for the University of Arizona women's tennis team for four seasons with head coach Vicky Maes.
Across four seasons, the team qualified for the NCAA tournament three times, and in 2014, had an undefeated 14-0 home record.
The team has had over 20 wins each season, and qualified for NJCAA tournament twice, finishing 3rd in 2016, and 5th in 2019.
Jon became the third generation Rosborough to play at Moline's Wharton Field House when his high school team from Arizona played in a tournament in Moline on November 27, 2002, 40 years after his father, and 74 years after his grandfather.
Greg lives with his wife Rebecca in New York City, where he is a menswear designer and was a CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund finalist in 2019.
Rosborough has been an active board member involved in community governance at Epworth Heights, in Ludington, Michigan, his family summer home.
Green finance is officially promoted as an important feature of the Belt and Road Initiative, China's signature global economic development initiative.
The Development Research Center of the State Council and Export-Import Bank of China released a report in 2019 on green finance for the Belt and Road.
The various forms of green finance includes investments, lending, and insurance by Chinese state-owned financial entities and companies for renewable energy projects in host countries of the Belt and Road.
In the same month, the Bank of China issued a green bond on the London Stock Exchange although not specifically for projects in the BRI.
The two primary Chinese policy banks for financing BRI projects are China Development Bank and Export Import Bank and each states support for advancing more green loans.
However, out of the energy project loans advanced by both banks between 2014 and 2017 for the BRI, 18% went to coal while solar and wind accounted for 3.4% and 2.9% respectively.
The primary contradiction with adherence to green finance and BRI projects is the large amount of lending by Chinese banks for coal fired power plants.
In contrast, Western financial institutions have limited or prohibited financing of coal fired power plants starting with the World Bank and European Investment Bank in 2013.
In 2017, ICBC and China Construction Bank decided to not fund the Carmichael coal mine after environmental protests by the Australian public.
However the latter two species do not form mats of branches that root adventitiously, and they both have longer and thinner leaves (usually about 12 mm x 2 mm).
Jam v. International Finance Corp, 586 U.S. ___ (2019) was a United States Supreme Court case from the October 2018 term.
The Supreme Court ruled that international organizations, such as the World Bank Group's financing arm, the International Finance Corporation, could be sued in US federal courts for conduct arising from their commercial activities.
This was a reversal from existing jurisprudence, which held that international organizations (unlike foreign governments) had near-absolute immunity from lawsuit under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and the International Organizations Immunities Act.
This case is notable because for the first time the Court established that US-based international organizations, such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank, could be sued if their overseas investment activities caused harm in local communities.
It overturned a decades-old standard established in the aftermath of World War 2 when newly-formed international agencies were first being established with headquarters in the United States.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), headquartered in Washington, DC is the arm of the World Bank Group that specializes in lending to private sector business interests in developing countries.
In the 2000s, the IFC provided $450 million USD to Coastal Gujarat Power Ltd. to fund the construction of the Tata Mundra power plant in Gujarat, a coastal state in western India.
As part of the lending agreement (the IFC's Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability), the IFC requires loan recipients, including the power plant, to adhere to stringent human rights safeguards and environmental protections.
The agreement allowed the IFC to revoke financial support for the plant if the plant failed to adhere to these requirements.
However, the plant, which opened in 2012, emitted pollution which drained into local waterways and farmland, damaging the environment and creating hardship for local fishermen in the Kutch district.
An internal audit conducted by the IFC's social responsibility division found that the IFC failed to provide appropriate levels of oversight.
Local fishing and farming communities, with the aid of a not-for-profit group called EarthRights International and Stanford Law School, filed suit against the IFC in United States District Court, alleging breach of contract as well as the torts of nuisance and trespass.
Since the IFC's headquarters were in Washington, DC, the plaintiffs filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in 2015, relying heavily on the IFC internal audit report as evidence.
The IFC successfully moved to dismiss the case, citing absolute sovereign immunity granted to international organizations under the International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA) in 1945.
Under this new interpretation, foreign governments would continue to enjoy nearly absolute immunity for acts conducted in their capacity as national governments.
This more-restrictive view of sovereign immunity, including the waiver of immunity for commercial activities, was eventually codified by Congress into the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) of 1972.
The IFC successfully argued that international organizations should retain the more expansive version of sovereign immunity that was standard when the IOIA was enacted in 1945, not the more restrictive view that was adopted starting in the 1950s.
The plaintiffs appealed the District Court's ruling to the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, which upheld the opinion of the District Court.
The plaintiffs finally appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which granted a writ of certiorari agreeing to hear the case in May 2017.
Justice Brett Kavanaugh, who was formerly on the DC Circuit Court which heard the case originally, recused himself and did not participate in the consideration of this case.
According to the Supreme Court, the most natural reading of the IOIA was that Congress intended to permanently tie the sovereign immunity enjoyed by international organizations and the immunity enjoyed by foreign governments.
In his decision, Roberts also noted international organizations may, in their charters, specify that they have absolute immunity from lawsuits and that the International Finance Corporation's charter did not include such a clause.
In a dissent, Justice Stephen Breyer stated that Congress's purpose in enacting the IOIA was to confer the same type of immunity to international organizations that foreign governments enjoyed in 1945, when the statute was first enacted.
Santiago Metro Line 9 is a new line due to open on the Santiago Metro, Santiago, Chile, in 2028. and it will have an approximate extension of 17 kilometers, connecting the communes of Santiago by the north, and La Pintana by the south of the Chilean capital.
It will connect with line 1 at Santa Lucía, with line 3 at Matta, with line 6 at Bío Bío and with line 4A at Santa Rosa.
Ialoni () is a women's vocal ensemble based in Tbilisi, Georgia, whose repertoire covers traditional Georgian polyphonic church chant, folk and urban genres.
It has been led since its formation in 2009 by musicologist Nino Naneishvili, has performed internationally, and has won national awards for folk and church chant.
The ensemble was founded in 2009 by Nino Naneishvili, initially with the aim of studying and popularizing Georgian sacred chant, in particular the female chant tradition.
Ialoni is part of the revival of Georgia's traditional sacred music, which has been emerging from its repression during Soviet rule.
Since 2018, Ialoni has been collaborating with London's Rose Bruford College of Theatre & Performance, and other UK-based choirs, sharing master classes and joint concerts.
The ensemble was awarded Best Female Folk Ensemble at the National Folklore Festival of Georgia 2015-2016, organized by the State Center of Folklore of Georgia and the Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia.
At the 2017 Tbilisi Choral Music Competition, the choir was awarded the Grand Prix in Georgian Traditional Chant, and the first place and Gold Medal in Georgian Folk Song.
The 2020 season of The Hundred is the inaugural season of The Hundred, a professional franchise 100-ball cricket tournament in England and Wales run by the ECB.
The women's tournament will begin on 22 July and end on 14 August with the final held at County Cricket Ground, Hove.
The men's tournament will run along side the T20 Blast however, following discontinuation of the Super League, The Hundred is currently the only professional domestic limited-overs cricket tournament available for women in England and Wales.
Each women's team consisted of at least one central contracted England player and each men's team consisted of at least one England Test player and two local icons.
P. Kevin Brobson (born November 26, 1970) is a judge on the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania - one of Pennsylvania's two intermediate apellate courts.
Appleby Lodge is a set of three-storey 1930s blocks of flats with eight entrance doors, opposite Platt Fields Park on Wilmslow Road in Rusholme, Manchester, England.
The buildings consist of a group of three main blocks of flats in the Moderne style arranged around a central garden.
The blocks at right angles to the road have rounded ends, and the other block at the east end has a U-shaped plan.
Appleby Lodge was designed by Gunton & Gunton with Peter Cummings (c.1879–1957), who was also the architect of the Manchester Apollo theatre and the Cornerhouse cinema.
Melani became interested in opera at the age of 8, when she was a member of a local choir in Valencia.
She wasn't allowed to be in a local conservatory due to her young age, so she taught herself operatic singing instead.
Born in Rio de Janeiro, Amorim began his career with Aquidauanense in 2011, scoring 19 goals and being the year's Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense top goalscorer.
On 4 July 2012, Amorim signed for Tupi in the Série C. He moved to Tombense in the following year, and subsequently served loan stints at Madureira, Duque de Caxias, Paysandu and Cuiabá.
On 22 August 2018, still owned by Tombense, Amorim was loaned to Série B side Avaí until the end of the year.
A backup option during his first year as his club achieved promotion to the Série A, he became a first-choice in the early stages of the 2019 season, reaching 13 goals in 19 matches during the first four months of the year.
He scored his first goal in the category on 19 May, netting a last-minute equalizer in a 1–1 draw at Vasco da Gama, but was subsequently rarely used and suffered an injury in September, ruling him out for the remainder of the season.
Journal of Transnational American Studies is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original research in the field of American studies.
These twin advances in the science of dreaming are elaborated in Hobson's books and articles from 1977 up to the present.
Dream consciousness occurs when the brain is activated during sleep; during REM sleep, that activation is as intense as it is in waking.
At the same time, the input-output gates of the brain are actively closed and the chemical balance is shifted from aminergic to cholinergic.
Waking and dreaming are thus two conscious states whose similarities and differences are now understood (Hobson & McCarley, 1977; Hobson, 1988, 1989, 1994/1999b, 1999a, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2009a, 2009b, 2011, 2012; Hobson & Friston, 2012, 2014).
According to Hobson, dream interpretation has, until recently, relied on theories of symbolic transformations of mental content and the formal approach described here does not disprove previous schemata.
In keeping with the view that the offline brain is activated in REM sleep, dreaming may be seen as the brain's effort to reformulate its model of the world so as to be a more effective predictor of its future experience (Hobson & Friston, 2012, 2014).
Yet there is no similar difficulty seen in the literature when it comes to integrating consciousness components such as perception, memory and emotion.
Hence, Hobson argues, consciousness may thus be no more and no less than the simultaneous combination of all of these components (Hobson, 2013).
The key move in accepting and advancing this idea is to specify dual aspect monism as the concept best adapted to a new view of the brain-mind has a unified system with two components, one objective (the brain) and one subjective (the mind) (Hobson, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2015).
Hobson's theory of the brain in waking, sleeping, and dreaming contends that both the brain and the mind are physical and therefore subject to the same basic rules and regulations as other materials.
While we can imagine (and observe) states of the brain that are not associated with states of the mind, it is not possible to imagine or observe states of the mind that are not associated with states of the brain.
For this reason, Hobson argues that a high priority should be accorded to brain science supposing that it will help better understand the mind.
This is the principle on which Hobson's brain theory of consciousness and formal approach to dream interpretation is based (Hobson, 2018).
After a few years however Figgis decided she wanted to complete her studies and returned to the Institute of Archaeology in London.
Distant reading is an approach in literary studies that applies computational methods to literary data, usually derived from large digital libraries, for the purposes of literary history and theory.
Other terms used to refer to the same or similar approach include macroanalysis, cultural analytics, computational formalism, computational literary studies, quantitative literary studies, and algorithmic literary criticism.
The innovation it proposed, as far as literary studies was concerned, was that the method employed samples, statistics, paratexts, and other features not often considered within the ambit of literary analysis.
Only later did the term distant reading (via Moretti and other scholars) come to become primarily identified with computational analysis of primary literary sources.
Despite the consensus about the origins of distant reading at the turn of the twenty-first century, Ted Underwood has traced a longer genealogy of the method, arguing for its elision in current discourse about distant reading.
Underwood emphasises a social-scientific dimension in this prehistory of distant reading, referring to particular examples in the work of Raymond Williams (from the 1960s) and Janice Radway (from the 1980s).
This variety in the stated definitions and aims of distant reading is characteristic of its development since the turn of the twenty-first century, where is has come to encompass a variety of different methods and approaches, rather than representing a single or unified method of literary study.
One of the central principles of distant reading is that literary history and literary criticism can be written without necessarily resorting to the kind of careful, sustained reading encounter with individual texts that is fundamental to close reading.
However, some scholars have adopted the principles of distant reading in the analysis of a small number of texts or an individual text.
Empirical approaches to literary study are a regular characteristic of distant reading, and are often accompanied by a reliance on quantitative methods.
In 'Style, Inc. Reflections on Seven Thousand Titles (British Novels, 1740–1850)' Franco Moretti uses an early distant reading methodology to analyse certain changes in the titles of novels in the given period and country.
In the article, Moretti combines the results of quantitative analysis of these titles with contextual knowledge of literary history to address questions about the shortening of eighteenth-century novel titles, about the nature of very short novel titles, and about the relationship of novel titles to genres.
For examples, in Section I, he provides evidence of the decreasing length of titles across the time span, and links the phenomenon to the growth of the market for novels and the establishment of periodicals which regularly reviewed novels.
Methodologically, Underwood supplements theoretical ideas about the compression of fictional time with approaches from distant reading which model the average lengths of time described in 250-word portions of fiction across three centuries.
Searching for archival traces of James Hemings, Thomas Jefferson's enslaved chef, Klein juxtaposes visualisations of his presence with Jefferson's own charts and tables as the basis for a discussion of data visualisation as it relates to the construction of race.
The COST Action 'Distant Reading for European Literary History' is a European networking project bringing together scholars interested interested in corpus building, quantitative text analysis, and European literary history.
It aims to create a network of researchers jointly developing the distant reading resources and methods necessary to change the way European literary history is written.
The objectives of the project include coordinating the creation of a multilingual European Literary Text Collection (ELTeC) containing digital full-texts of novels in different European languages.
India Unmade: How the Modi Government Broke the Economy is a book coauthored by Yashwant Sinha and Aditya Sinha published in 2018.
The book criticizes the economic performance of the National Democratic Alliance government near the end of its tenure prior to the 2019 Indian general election.
The book is coauthored by Yashwant Sinha, who served as the Minister of Finance and Minister of External Affairs during the Vajpayee Government, and Aditya Sinha.
The book criticizes the economic performance of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government led by Narendra Modi as the Prime Minister between the period 2014-2019.
The topics covered in the book include the alleged manipulation of the gross domestic product of India, the alleged irregularities in the 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation and the alleged interference with the independence of Reserve Bank of India.
The authors of the book criticise the Make in India programme and consider the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax to be shoddy.
The authors of the book say that Narendra Modi missed a golden opportunity to transform the Indian economy, pointing out the large electoral mandate he received.
The authors also argue that the previous NDA government led by AB Vajpayee was politically and ideologically different than the present one.
While criticizing Modi, Yashwant Sinha says that he has no conflict of interest in writing this book since he has no plans to run for a political office.
It states that the book reveals the lack of democracy within the Bharatiya Janata Party, as exemplified by the hurried compilation of the book.
He was part of the founding team of the Festival Ciné-Palestine in Paris and the Palestine with Love festival in Brussels.
Barat has written for The Nation, Al Jazeera English, Jadaliyya, The New Internationalist, The Electronic Intifada, The Palestine Chronicle, Middle East Eye, Ceasefire Magazine, ROAR Magazine, Counterpunch and Mondoweiss.
The 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq began as unidentified drone or aircraft bombings of the Iranian-backed Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) bases in Iraq starting on 19 July 2019.
Several Iraqi, Iranian and Israeli officials have blamed Israel for the attacks, though Israel had initially neither confirmed nor denied its role.
On 19 July 2019 unidentified drones bombed a base belonging to the Iranian-backed Popular Mobilization Forces base in Iraq, close to the town of Amirli.
An airstrike wounded two Iranians after it struck a base that housed advisers from Iran and Lebanon, while a second strike hit a weapons depot, causing a large fire and the destruction of several ballistic missiles.
Iran reported on July 30 that the attack had killed a senior Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) commander Abu Alfazl Sarabian.
On 27 July 2019 Camp Ashraf, one of the biggest bases in Iraq, was attacked by what Iraqi military sources described as one or more Israeli Air Force jets.
A spokesman for Iraq's Interior Minister said that an examination of the warehouse showed that the explosion was not caused by an internal failure but by a third party that attacked the warehouse and caused a fire.
Iraqi Prime Minister also ordered all military camps and munitions warehouses to be moved outside Iraqi cities following the explosions that killed one civilian and wounded 29.
On 25 August 2019 a PMF convoy was hit by two drones near the Syrian–Iraqi border town of Al-Qa'im, killing six, including a senior commander.
It came as Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah was making a speech in response to an alleged Israeli attack at their stronghold in Dahieh, Lebanon.
On 20 September, loud explosions were reported at a warehouse near the city of Hit in Anbar Province, northwest of Baghdad.
Sky News Arabic reported that after the blast, shells were launched into neighboring areas, indicating an arms depot may have been hit.
Miryam is a 1929 Italian silent drama film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Isa Pola, Carlo Gualandri and Aristide Garbini.
Born in Copenhagen on 30 April 1930, Tutter Ellen Margrethe Givskov was the daughter of the inspector Frederik Givskov (1897–1984) and Ellen Caroline Blumensen (1906–1962).
She started to play the violin when she was six, becoming the leader of her school orchestra and then of the junior ensemble of the Danmark Radio's Symphony Orchestra under Emil Reesen.
She entered the Royal Danish Academy of Music when she was 14, studying the violin under and , graduating in 1947.
It consisted of musicians from the Royal Orchestra, including Givskov as first violin, Mogens Lüdolph, second violin, Mogens Bruun, viola, and Asger Lund Christiansen, cellist.
In 1971, she began to teach at the Jyske Musikkonservatorium, becoming the first woman to be appointed full professor of music in 1988.
Jason Dunnington (born June 27, 1977) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 88th district since 2014.
The Overseas Pakistanis Foundation operates more than 24 schools in across Pakistan, offering preschool, primary, secondary and preparation for local SSC and the international GCE education.
The company received press in November 2019 for lowering its worker wages from 45 cents per transcribed minute to 30 cents.
She has been responsible for introducing initiatives such as the Fresh Faces, Image Makers Awards, The Power Trip and the magazine's first sustainability issue.
The Fresh Faces is the magazine's spotlight on up-and-coming talents today, and has had its own annual party in Los Angeles since 2013.
The Image Maker's Awards have been held annually in Hollywood since January 2015 and honor the makeup artists, hair and fashion stylists working in the film industry.
With the magazine she has earned several American Society of Magazine Editors (ASME) nominations, including General Excellence in 2017 and Cover of the Year in 2018, and in 2017 she was awarded Hearst's Innovation of the Year Award for launching The Power Trip.
On December 9, 2019, the New York Times reported that Anne Fulenwider would be leaving her post at the end of the year to build a start-up dedicated to women’s health.
She is an advisor to the UN Foundation’s Girl Up, an advisor to the ANNpower Vital Voices Advisory Council since 2013, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting's ITVS Women & Girls Leadership Council since 2014, and All in Together, Women Leading Change.
She has been an interviewer for South by Southwest (SXSW), has been a host of panels at Internet Week New York, and Create and Cultivate in New York (in May 2019).
The Raiders, led by ninth-year head coach Matt Langel, play their home games at Cotterell Court in Hamilton, New York as members of the Patriot League.
The Raiders finished the 2018–19 season 24–11, 13–5 in Patriot League play to earn a share of the regular season championship.
Gladys Ann English (d. Dec. 5, 1956) was an American librarian and editor known for her work as Head Librarian of the Children's Department at the Los Angeles Central Library and roles as Coordinator of Children's Services and Director of Work with Children for the Los Angeles Public Library system.
In 1939, English served as chairperson of the Newbery Medal Selection Committee, and sat as a member of the committee for the years 1936 and 1945.
After her death in 1956, English's life partner, librarian Althea Warren, established the American Library Association's Gladys English Memorial Collection, also called the Gladys English Collection of Original Illustration for Children’s Books, or the Gladys English Collection for short.
Warren spent the better part of two years growing the collection, soliciting books, pieces of art, and other items from hundreds of sources, from artists to librarians to publishers.
The collection consists of 12 large cases of over 200 original children's books illustrations and other media, including the original work of 20 Caldecott Medal recipients.
Illustrators whose works are part of the conglomeration include Leo Politi, Tomie dePaola, Jean George, Evaline Ness, Leo Lionni, and others.
English lived with her life partner, librarian Althea Warren, in a variety of locations across Los Angeles including Palos Verdes and Eagle Rock.
The Savernake Horn is a horn made of 12th-century elephant ivory decorated with 14th century enamelled silver gilt mounts; it has belonged to the Seymour family since at least the Elizabethan period, and is associated with Savernake Forest in Wiltshire, England.
In the centre of the upper band is depicted a king in conversation with a bishop, and a forester alongside, possibly indicating the making of an historic appointment of Forester.
The horn was noted by William Camden (1551–1623) who stated it then belonged to the Seymour family, possibly an heirloom inherited from their Sturmy ancestors, hereditary Wardens of Savernake Forest, though was probably made for the Earl of Moray in the fourteenth century and looted by the English in the mid-sixteenth century.
She has been given an Real Sociedad Matemática Española (RSME) medal for her career and as a trailblazer for women to be involved in mathematical research.
In 1969 Imízcoz obtained a degree and five years later she completed her doctorate in mathematics at the University of Zaragoza.
In 2016 she was awarded the RSME Medal in recognition of the 40 years that she had contributed to the mathematics profession.
The citation mentioned her dissemination work and her studies with Prof. Hugh Michael Hilden and Vicente Montesinos on the theory of knots and three-dimensional topology.
The 2019 II Lyga season is the third season since return to two divisions system, the twenty-first after switch to spring-to-fall format and the thirty-first overall after the restoration of Independence.
The top two teams from each division are promoted to the I Lyga, while the last placed teams from both divisions are relegated to the appropriate regional division of the III Lyga, except in separately regulated cases for the B teams of higher tier clubs.
In its 2018 report, the Venezuelan Violence Observatory (OVV) classifies the Bolívar state as the third state with the highest homicide rate, out of 23 states and after Aragua and Miranda.
One of the two factors that the OVV attributed the homicide rate was the mining activity of the municipalities that had the highest rates in the country: El Callao, Roscio (Guasipati) and Sifontes (Tumeremo).
The OVV explains that in this zone different forms of violence and crime concentrate, including the zones control by organized crime and kingpins, the violent response of military forces in the zone and the recent presence of different guerilla groups.
Besides the criminal activity of the armed irregular groups, there is also activite by security forces such as the FAES, with actions and operations that violate human rights, demonstrated by the lack of rule of law in the territory.
On the night of 4 March 2016, they were in the Atenas mine, on the border between the municipalities of Sifontes and Roscio, a poor area where, like most of the southeast of the country, the main economic activity is mining.
The Prosecutor General, Luisa Ortega Díaz, said that the remains of at least four of the disappeared miners were later found in the middle of the country and seemed to have been shot, but that they had no identification.
Ortega Díaz reported late on the night of 14 March 2016 that the search efforts for the disappeared miners had concluded with the discovery of 17 bodies total.
Tarek William Saab, the Ombudsman, subsequently announced on 15 March 2016 that the remains of 17 miners found in a mass grave in Tumeremo were wounded by firearms.
Between 14 and 16 October 2018, miners at Los Candados mine were attacked in at least the third civilian massacre in Tumeremo since 2016.
He also posted a thread of tweets showing several bodies, including those with gunshot wounds showing how they had been killed and abandoned.
Shortly after the events, towards the end of October, armed violence broke out in Tumeremo, which de Grazia says began with the presence of government military forces.
Since early 2018, the community started to protest against harsh life conditions, the murder of leaders allegedly committed by the Colombian National Liberation Army and the permanent harassment by organized crime groups that seek to control large territories where there is illegal mining and reportedly have direct relationships with state officials.
After eight days of protest, Santa Elena de Uairén still lacked food, fuel and gas that was demanded by the demonstrators that closed the access.
The Pemon also declared that candidate Andrés Velásquez won the 2017 regional elections in the Bolívar state, but that the executive branch imposed their candidate Justo Noguera, which the qualified as a crime.
On 8 December, Directorate General of Military Counterintelligence officials arrived on the morning to the Campo Carrao sector, in the Canaima National Park.
According to the locals, their purpose was to carry out a raid, but they ended up in the mines of the zone, something frequent also according to the locals, where they injured two Pemons of the Arekuna community.
As a response to the attack, the indigenous community detained, desarmed and beat up the two perpetrators of the raid, while they also closed the runway near the town.
Groups of indigenous Pemon peoples blocked the entry of the military vehicles into the region, and members of armed forces loyal to Maduro fired upon them with live ammunition on 22 February.
The injured were transferred to Brazil due to the shortage of medical supplies in the Venezuelan hospital of Santa Elena de Uairén.
Following the crackdown, indigenous groups detained thirty-six soldiers, held them in the jungle and set fire to a military outpost of the Santa Elena de Uairén airport.
Near the Brazil–Venezuela border, more than 2,000 indigenous people from Gran Sabana gathered to assist with the entrance of international aid.
Venezuelan authorities issued a capture order of the mayor of Gran Sabana and of the Pemon chieftains, accusing them of rebellion.
The Venezuelan National Guard repressed demonstrations near Brazil, while colectivos attacked protesters in San Antonio del Táchira and Ureña, leaving at least four dead and about 20 injured.
The Brazilian Army reported that Venezuelan authorities fired live ammunition at those attempting to accept aid and that tear gas from Venezuela was fired into the Brazilian border city of Pacaraima.
Former governor Andrés Velásquez declared that fourteen people were killed and that many of them had gunshots wounds in their heads, indicating involvement of snipers.
Two ambulances carrying dead and wounded crossed the Brazil–Venezuela border and took them to the Roraima General Hospital, in Boa Vista, where medic records documented that everyone had gunshots wounds.
On 22 November, at least nine people were killed in a mine in Ikabarú, in Bolívar, including a teenager, a Pemon and a National Guardsman.
On 10 December, a group of around forty Russian soldiers arrived to Canaima, Bolívar, on a Shaanxi Y-8 plane landing on the runway that serves as the entry to the National Park.
Locals assured that the soldiers wore uniforms of the Venezuelan Armed Forces and that they carried crates with microwave equipment, satellite antennas, signal inhibitors, and other devices.
In the dawn of 22 December, a group of around twelve armed Pemons, led by an Army deserter officer, captured the facilities of the 513 Mariano Montilla Jungle Infantry Battalion, located in the Luepa sector, in the Gran Sabana municipality.
According to police information, after the assault to the battalion, the police received a call at around 4:58 am VST from officer Franco Efrain to notify that heavily armed individuals, feigning to be Directorate General of Military Counterintelligence officials, aimed at every active official, stripped them of their ordnance weapons (five pistols) and took a bulletproof vest.
The rebel military and Pemons later attacked a police station in , where they seized nine 9 mm pistols and five shotguns.
A soldier was killed during the shootout, and the government forces recovered 82 AK-103 rifles, 60 grenades and six 7.76 ammunition boxes.
Electrotaxis, also known as galvanotaxis, is the directed motion of biological cells or organisms guided by an electric field or current.
In 1891, E. Dineur made the first known report of cells migrating directionally in a direct current, a phenomenon which he coined galvanotaxis.
Dineur used a zinc-copper cell to apply a constant current to the abdominal cavity of a frog via a pair of platinum electrodes.
The film tells the story of the Chicago Boys, a group of economists trained at the Catholic University of Chile who, after conducting graduate studies at the University of Chicago under professors such as Milton Friedman and Arnold Harberger, return to their country and, after Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship (1973-1990), become the main ideologues of the implementation of the neoliberal economic model in Chile.
The University of Houston Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (UH AROTC) is part of the ROTC/Military Science department at the University of Houston.
The University of Houston ROTC Battalion is attached to the 5th Reserve Officers' Training Corps Brigade, the fifth of eight brigades that make up Cadet Command, It comprises ROTC programs in Texas, Utah, WY, AZ, CO, NM, OK, and AR.
The University of Houston ROTC program started in 1948 as an all Quartermaster Battalion; the only one in the United States.
Throughout the 50s and 60s the number of cadets ranged from 827 to 327 with a peak number of 97 commissioned officers.
In 1965, the Military Science study changed to an applicable two-year minor and the program established a national rifle marksmanship team.
This ended the cadet corps regiment and created an integrated cadet system, where the cadets no longer practiced military training 24 hours a day.
The marksmanship team won two Conference Championships in 1966 and 1968 and they were rated nationally as number one in 1967 and 1971.
In 1970, the University of Houston Army ROTC program finally allowed women to enroll into the course and in 1975 the first female officer was commissioned through the program.
This includes The University of Houston-Downtown, The University of Houston-Clear Lake, The University of St. Thomas, Rice University, Texas Southern University, Houston Baptist University, Houston Community College, and San Jacinto Community College.
Currently, the program falls under the 5th brigade of Cadet command and is located at the Hofheinz Pavilion on the University of Houston campus.
It has been a functioning Reserve Officer training Corps Battalion for the Past 71 Years and continues to operate as being the Only Army ROTC Program in the Houston area.
The freshman course is dedicated to building an introduction to leadership, the sophomore course focuses on creating a foundation of leadership, the junior year develops advanced leadership, and the senior year teaches advanced military science.
The courses are taught in a classroom setting with a lab taking place once a week outside, the lab will almost always focus on military tactics and or military discipline.Throughout each semester there will also be a field training exercise that reviews and test the military tactics that were taught.
Upon completion of all four years of the military science courses, required summer training, and required credits to receive college degree, the cadet will commission as an Officer in the United States Army.
Contracting legally binds a cadet to fulfill a minimum two-year service in the United States Army.Though an Army Cadet is not in the active military they are technically still in a reserve unit and are applicable to be moved to an active duty unit in an event of a war.
Army ROTC cadets are given a rank/grade that structures their position in the program and classifies the learning progression.Freshman are identified as MS1s (Military science one) and it continues numerically by grade year; MS one, two, three.
As discussed in curriculum each cadet has specific classes needed for each semester along with specific summer training that is required.
Polo Community High School (simply referred to as Polo High School) is a public high school in Polo, Illinois, United States.
It was ranked as the 6,869 best school in the United States, 218 in Illinois, and 4th in the Rochelle metro area based on U.S. News & World Report 2019 ranking.
The Marcos compete in the Northwest Upstate Illini Conference and participate in several Illinois High School Association (IHSA) sponsored athletics and activities, including; eight-man football, girls volleyball, boys and girls basketball, baseball, softball, cross country, competitive cheer, and music.
Additionally, they co-op with Forreston High School for wrestling and boys and girls track and field, and Byron High School for girls and boys swimming and diving.
Wucius Wong (born 1936; (Wang Wuxie)) is a Hong Kong Chinese ink painter and leading figure of the Hong Kong New Ink Movement.
He has worked to bring attention to Hong Kong's efforts in Chinese contemporary art, and was one of the first artists to bring modernism to the region.
In the 1960s, Wong left Hong Kong for the United States, attending art school in Ohio and Baltimore for four years.
He has taught such artists as Wong Chung-yu, and was an inspiration of Rosamond Brown, a British artist who lived in Hong Kong.
He was inspired by the landscape paintings of the Song dynasty, the geometric designs of the Bauhaus movememt, and the textured strokes of the Chinese ink movement.
After his studies, Wong returned to Hong Kong and taught design for ten years at Hong Kong Polytechnic (later Hong Kong Polytechnic University).
The 2019–20 Maine Black Bears women's basketball team represents the University of Maine in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Black Bears, led by third-year head coach Amy Vachon, play their home games at the Cross Insurance Center and are members of the America East Conference.
Rolf Lüders Schwarzenberg (born October 1, 1935 in Santiago) is a Chilean economist, entrepreneur, scholar and politician, former Minister of State of the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
Lüders studied at the Universidad Católica, where he graduated in Commercial Engineering in 1958, receiving the Hamel Prize awarded to the best Commercial Engineer graduated in Chile in 1958.
As a member of the Chicago Boys, he took part in the economic direction of Chile during the Augusto Pinochet government.
Before assuming as Minister of Economy in 1982, he had worked for the Vial Group, one of the most powerful economic groups of the time in Chile, managing the Banco de Chile for that group, while being Banco Hipotecario de Chile's vice president of the Board until August 1982.
However, as Minister of Economy, he had to supervise the takeover of the Bank of Chile, after the breakdown and liquidation of Grupo Vial during the economic crisis of 1981-1982.
Subsequently, Lüders, among other Grupo Vial executives, was imprisoned for his participation in illegal financial transactions during his work for Banco de Chile and Banco Hipotecario de Chile.
In 1983 he was convicted of fraud and violation of the General Banking Law, with a penalty of five years and one day in jail, and the payment of about US$ 165 million in compensation to the State.
Bernhard Brenner is a scientist who, through his experiments, elucidated the repeated cycles of stretch and release of muscle fibers under isometric conditions.
In 1980, Bernhard Brenner became associate researcher visitor at National Institute of Health (NIH) where he clarified that, when the muscle is in its relaxed state, the complex tropomyosin-troponin does not block cross-bridge bounds to actin.
Until 1985, Bernhard Brenner worked with other colleagues Richard Podolsky, Evan Eisenberg, Joseph Chalovich, Lois Greene, Mark Schoenberg, and Leepo Yu, and after this period, Bernhard Brenner returned to Germany and became professor and director of the Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology at Hannover Medical School (MHH).
The criminal gangs, connected by the clan are involved in drug trafficking, armed robbery, arms trafficking, assault, extortion, fraud, money laundering, murder, kidnapping and prostitution.
In 2013 as Minister for the Interior in Bremen Ulrich Mäurer (SPD) prohibited the most the violent Motorcycle Gangs, Hells Angels MC and Mongols MC.
He reported to the authorities in Bremen, admitted entering the country illegally and requested asylum, claiming his life had been threatened in Lebanon.
The Oulu child murders is a Finnish murder case, referring to the discovery of the bodies of five infants in the basement of an apartment in Oulu, on June 3, 2014.
The mother of the babies, 35-year-old Kaisa Emilia Vornanen-Karaduman, had concealed the pregnancies and abandoned them, after giving birth at home.
The Rovaniemi Court of Appeal sentenced her to 13 years imprisonment for five counts of manslaughter, but not for concealing a corpse.
According to District Prosecutor Sari Kemppainen, who was the lead prosecutor for the case, there have been no similar cases in Finnish criminal history.
On June 3, 2014, Oulu police received a complaint about some foul-smelling packages found in the basement of an apartment block in the center.
The preliminary investigation determined that the children were born in the years 2005, 2007, at the turn of the year 2011-2012, 2012 and 2013.
According to the prosecutor later at trial, Vornanen-Karaduman had usually given birth in the bathroom or toilet, wrapped the babies up in plastic bags, put them in a bucket, closed it and then took it to the basement.
A former boss of Vornanen-Karaduman suspected that she was pregnant at one time, but she had explained to her manager that her stomach was rounded as a result of all the greasy pizzas that she had eaten the previous night.
Vornanen-Karaduman's lawyer stated in his final statement in the district court hearing that his client was pregnant, yet again, during the summer of 2014, when she was arrested by police.
The district court found that Vornanen-Karaduman acted deliberately in the deaths of her babies, and was ordered to undergo a psychiatric assessment.
On June 1, 2015, a trial concluded that she was of guilty on the grounds of non compos mentis, even though she suffered from a mixed personality disorder.
On June 15, the District Court sentenced Kaisa Vornanen-Karaduman to life imprisonment for five murders and five counts of concealing a corpse.
According to the law, the repetition of the acts almost identically, in five separate instances, showed that the acts had been planned out.
The Court of Appeal recognized that the acts had been done in a cruel way, but by somebody with a sound mind.
They also said that none of the acts had been aggravated, and dropped the five counts of concealing a corpse, as they claimed that her intent was to merely conceal her crimes by hiding the bodies.
According to the court, Vornanen-Karaduman would, in principle, be sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, but the Court of Appeal considered that her behavior affected her heavily, even though the woman's guilt had not been diminished.
Jill Rubery (born 4 November 1951) is a Professor of Comparative Employment Systems at Alliance Manchester Business School (AMBS) at the University of Manchester.
She received her Master of Arts from the University of Cambridge in 1978 and completed her doctorate at New Hall (now Murray Edwards College) at the University of Cambridge in 1987.
Rubery worked as a researcher in labour economics, women's employment and low pay at the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Cambridge from 1976 to 1991.
She was deputy director of AMBS from 2007 to 2013 and is the director of the Work and Equalities Institute at the University of Manchester.
She has conducted major research projects with the EU, including Minimum Wages and Social Dialogue and Public Sector Pay and Social Dialogue.
She argues that the model doesn't make sense outside of the US because the lack of attention paid to role of trade unions in process of labour market development.
She criticises the model's focus on the end of the 19th century and early 20th century, arguing that it isn't applicable to the present day.
Rubery argues for the need to see the role of workers and work organisations as central to the development of the labour market structure.
She sees the developments occurring in the context of a continuous struggle between capitalists and workers over wages and means of production.
Dual labour market theory attributes segmentation to technical change and radical theory blames capitalists’ aim of dividing and conquering the labour force.
She argues that the main progression both theories need to make is to recognise that segmentation has its roots in the development in the capitalist system.
She argues that monopoly capitalism is not conducive to industrial organisation and that the process of its development destroys jobs and makes certain skills redundant.
She recognises the complicated role that trade unions have played, both shaping the labour market structure as well as being shaped by the labour market themselves.
She calls for future analysis to take into account the continuous nature of segmentation, the role of trade unions and to look at different patterns across different sectors over time to understand the process of labour market segmentation.
In this book edited by Rubery, she brought together eight essays that examine patterns of women's participation in the labour market in Britain, Italy, France and the US since World War II, and the impact of the 1980s recession.
The book draws on case studies done by the Cambridge Labour Studies Group, and works to explain the process of resegregation in the contemporary labour market.
The first section of the book looks at how business cycles and restructuring determined the demand for female labour in each place.
The second section exams the ways that the supply side of the economy relates to demand in the labour market and creates patterns of gendered employment.
They recognise that the rise in married women's labour after the war played a big role in post war recovery in each country studied.
They find that recession prompted a move from labour-intensive production to capital intensive production and ended the use of women as a supplementary supply in the labour market.
These jobs remain low paid, perceived as unskilled and unprotected even though women were increasing their training, education and workforce participation.
In the second section, women's integration of the workplace was found to have had impacts on the family form and household.
In Britain and the US, state polices had sought to exploit and increase female unpaid labour in the face of a recession and debt crisis.
Regardless of state policy, every country saw an increase in dual income households, single parent households and on average lower levels of compensation and protection for women in employment.
They argued that, while women can seek to improve their individual positions through training and education, macro level changes are needed for any major improvements.
The authors also highlighted the need for women workers to participate in labour movements to address the growing disparity of interests between working class and professional women, single and dual income households and white women and women of colour.
Overall, the book illuminates the process of women's integration into the labour force in the four countries and shows the significant role that gender has played in the economies of post war France, Italy, Britain and US.
The authors found notable differences between the countries, focusing on four areas of inequality: care and wage work, occupational segregation, pay and working time.
The second is to come up with indicators for the future of female employment in Europe, using current trends and restructuring.
The authors argue for the continued need to consider and study women's employment as separate from men's employment, as female integration into the workforce varies greatly across countries, and continues to be marked by the differences between men and women in a professional environment.
The authors found that women continued to grow as a share of employment in the face of recessions, showing that women were forming a permanent part of the labour market and no longer were a labour reserve.
Falls in fertility rates and investment in education is taken as evidence of women's determination to remain in the labour market.
The authors also found that women were having fewer children, having children at an older age, marrying later, remaining single or not having children at all.
They found this change was instigated by both men and women, brought about by changes in social values as well as changes in women's participation in the labour market.
In southern Europe and Ireland, the male breadwinner model was much more common while Nordic countries had moved furthest away from this model while maintaining high birth rates.
They authors found that the burden falls on women to look after ageing relatives, and were more at risk at being in poverty when they aged themselves because of longer life expectancies and lower average earnings.
Men tended to participate in this at the beginning and end of their careers, but women participated in it for their whole careers.
Longer part-time hours in the service sector would likely be worked by women and see a growth in the gender gap.
The authors found the 1997 Part Time Workers Directive as one of the few indicators that the position of women in the labour market would be protected by the EU.
They conclude that labour market policy needs to evolve to a level that embraces interests of both men and women and supports the reduction of inequality, and only then can employment policy claim to have truly integrated equal opportunity.
Rubery recalled her findings that the extent to which women act as a labour reserve depends on the gender segregation, female commitment to the labour market and state policies regarding female employment.
They explored how demand affected women's labour market participation, gender segregation and the outcome of austerity policies for the future of women in the labour market.
The authors found that the trends in women's employment during and after the recession are evidence that gender segregation is the key factor in influencing women's position in the work force.
They argued that women are more likely to lose their jobs than men, but that women were still becoming more permanent members of the workforce.
For example, the banking sector was hit the hardest in the crisis when it had been seen as a source of prosperity, and then the public sector suffered when it had been seen as a source of stability.
The authors also found that women were committed to becoming permanent members of the workforce and avoided acting as a part of flexible labour supply, calling themselves unemployed rather than inactive.
This was supported by tax and benefit policies that assisted working parents and women, but these policies were drawn back in the face of the economic downturn.
These trends might improve as the economy improves, but it did not bode well for policies with regards to female employment in future recessions.
Overall, the economic case provides evidence that women are beneficial to the workforce, but these business case policies need to support equal rights in order to gain the full benefits of female employment.
Meanwhile, the private sector has yet to accept that the business case needs to be accompanied by support for gender equality.
The authors concluded that the recession had different but negative impacts on women in all sectors, with states reducing support for working mothers and not accompanying the pursuance of the business case for female employment with support for female workers.
The emergence of the business case for female employment, however, has helped to commit women to the workforce and remain participants in the face of recessions.
They concluded that this development would affect the UK government's plans to reduce unemployment figures by encouraging women to leave the labour force after the financial and debt crises.
This was especially true in 2008, when all policy was justified by efficiency arguments, which resulted in public sector wage cuts.
She recognised that gender equality policies justified by efficiency have had long lasting upsides, but have the danger of legitimising flexible labour markets, which can exploit female employment.
Rubery highlighted the need for gender mainstreaming, which calls for the consideration of outcomes of policies for people of all genders.
She argued that the EU needs to bear this in mind as it follows fiscal austerity and promotes flexibility in labour markets.
Adaptive policies can either support women in the workplace by improving health and safety and maternity leave policies or work to change social norms in a way to benefit female workers.
Its support of lowering the minimum wage of its member states, cuts to public sector pay and neoliberal approaches to labour market policy.
Rubery viewed the proposal to make gender equality a pillar of European social rights as a possible sign of a new age in terms of gender equality under the EU.
She argued, however, that as long as the EU supports making labour markets more flexible to the detriment of female workers and lowering minimum wage, the EU cannot claim to be supporting gender equality.
Rubery called feminists to come together and work against neoliberal and austerity policies to bring about a new type of labour market that will combine efficiency, equity and productivity.
Since 2015, she has been a Director and a Scientific Member at Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg, Germany.
On October 3, 2019, he made his debut for MZT Skopje scoring 2 points in 110-88 win over Sloboda Tuzla at home.
Uganda’s economy has recently experienced a slight rebound after a five year slow down, giving rise to a feeling of optimism.
Regional instability among Uganda’s top trading partners combined with a 1.2 million refugee population has also placed strains on Uganda’s economy.
Additionally, despite passing its Millennium Development Goal of halving poverty, preventing those who have escaped poverty from sliding back in has proven difficult.
The main World Bank projects are involved in infrastructure and education in order reduce poverty in the country, with eleven projects currently underway.
Education in particular is important, since the average years of education for a Ugandan at age 18 are 7 years, yet regionally it is 8.1.
One such project is the Uganda Support for Municipal Development Project (USMID), which is a USD$150 million IDA led project that began in 2013 with potential plans to expand since 2018.
The project was conceived in order to facilitate urban infrastructure development by lending money for the development of fourteen municipalities, where each of these municipalities has considerable autonomy in choosing what kinds of infrastructure programs best suit them.
On April 19, 2018, the IDA proposed increasing the amount by an additional USD$335 million with the intention of increasing the geographical range of the program to eight more municipalities while increasing the depth of the program in existing ones.
Other examples of large infrastructure development projects include the North Eastern Road-Corridor Asset Management Project (NERAMP), which is designed to increase the efficiency, oversight and quality of road building in the north.
According to the UN, Uganda is also home to the third largest refugee population in the world, adding additional stress to its economy and increasing demand for education.
Several World Bank projects are designed to help with this, including the Uganda Multi-Sectoral Food Security and Nutrition Project and the Uganda Skills Development Project.
The Uganda Multi-Sectoral Food Security and Nutrition Project seeks to educate people about micro-nutrient rich eating and gardening techniques, as well as holding various workshops demonstrating healthy food habits.
Meanwhile, the Uganda Skills Development Project is a multi-objective program designed broadly to improve worker skills, fill the needs of the economy, and provide regulation for other training services.
from 1999 to 2003, the station was owned by the late Frederick Gauthier De Castro, changed its channel position to channel 42, its call letters to WREY-LP, later WSEX-LP and at that time was broadcast local and regional programming.
On September 11, 2014, after WTCV and its stations switched to Mega TV, WIVE-LP switches to TCV Music Network and broadcasts music videos full-time and it is the only low power analog television station in continuous operation in Puerto Rico.
On November 1, 2018 after one year off the air, WIVE-LP resumes operations and rebrands itself as Mix TV, a TV channel that broadcasts Music videos and shares programming with radio station Mix 107.7 FM.
On November 15, 2019, the station changed its callsign to WSJU-LP, which was formerly used the call letters for full-power WSJU-TV until September 2017.
Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.
Jesse Juntheikki (born March 10, 1988) is a Finnish professional ice hockey centre currently playing for Brest Albatros Hockey of the FFHG Division 1.
This is a list of association footballers who have been recognised as part of a winning squad in both the UEFA Champions League (including under its former name, the European Cup) and the equivalent in South America, the Copa Libertadores during their career.
Some players have received medals without playing in the final match: either for being unused substitutes, or, more recently, for being in the squad in earlier rounds of the tournament.
The list includes 10 players (at the end of year 2019), all of whom are originally from Brazil or Argentina before moving to a European club, and in most cases (seven of the ten) their Libertadores win preceded their move across the Atlantic Ocean where their successes included the Champions League.
The most recent addition is Rafinha, who won the 2019 Copa Libertadores after returning from Europe, which Juan Pablo Sorín and Ronaldinho also achieved.
Inna Lisnyanskaya or Inna Lisnianskaya () was a Jewish-Russian poet from USSR, later Russia, her most creative period of writing occurred in the village for poets and writers of Peredelkino near Moscow, where she lived with her husband and co-worker, Semyon Lipkin.
In 2000, she said to Maxim D. Shrayer of Boston College, US, editor of Jewish-Russian anthology, that in 1944, when became known about the Holocaust, she officially claimed that she was of Jewish ethnicity, to protest the fascist murder of Jewish people; she believed in Jesus Christ as well as wrote about the Jewish culture in her poetry.
When Inna was a 5 grade class pupil, she was working as an aide in an Azerbaijani Military Hospital during the last period of World War 2 where were treated Soviet soldiers with facial wound (later she wrote a sonnet In Hospital of Facial Wound).
She began writing some poetry, as well as translations from Azerbaijani in Russian, since 1948, her first collection of poetry was published in 1957 in Baku.
Once, Inna Lisyanskaya was, in early 1960s, listening to Semyon Lipkin reading his poetry about World War 2 in Moscow Central Writers' House, later they met in 1967 and married.
Russian almanac Metropole, published abroad, rearranged a collection of young Soviet poets in 1979 to publish, but all writers in Soviet Union must first take permission in Communist government for every publication.
The Communist government hadn't allowed them to do this, but Metropole was anyway published in US, and as a result two Soviet young writers, Viktor Yerofeyev and Evgeniy Popov, were expelled from the Soviet Writer's Union.
Inna Lisnyanskaya, Semyon Lipkin and writer Vasily Aksyonov (Aksyonov was more known and published in USSR, but Lipkin was elder in their group, born 1913) decided to support the young writers and left Soviet Writer's Union in sympathy with the young poets.
The leaving of the Soviet Writer's Union resulted in the next: poets were banned to publish anything anymore in Soviet Union, banned to travel abroad.
Inna Lisnyanskaya said in an interview in 1990, that the prohibitions were even good for her poetic work, because she ceased to be forced to censor herself for Soviet publications, because she was not anymore writing for Soviet Union, but only for close friends.
But Communist government continued to pressure her also to cease all her foreign publications, that Lisnyanskaya was partly forced to stop from publishing some of her poetry abroad.
All restrictions were lifted from Inna Lisnyanskaya in 1987, her poetry was published in many Soviet magazines, she became major Soviet poet, her first Russian book of poetry, Poems, was printed in 1991, and Inna Lisnyanskaya was awarded with various prizes as Solzhenitsyn Prize and Russia's Poet Prize.
Collection of her poetry Without You was dedicated to her friend, co-worker, and husband, Semyon Lipkin, when Galina Lisnyanskaya has lost him in 2004.
American writer Ronald Meyer, who often visited her in the village of Peredelkino and became friends, said about the book of poetry as a talented, remarkable work.
Joseph Brodsky, a Russian poet, Nobel laureate, said once in an interview for the magazine 'Russian Thought' that he was significantly touched by poetry written by Inna Lisnyanskaya and Semyon Lipkin.
A collection of Inna Lisnyanskaya's poetry was translated from Russian in English language by Daniel Weissbort (see Far from Sodom; Arc Publications, 2005) as well as by Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams (see Headwaters; Perpetua Press, 2008).
Boris Grigorevich Goltz (Russian: Борис Григорьевич Гольц; 16 December (OS) / 29 December 1913 – 3 March 1942), was a Russian composer.
His harmony teacher, V. V. Pushkov, persuaded him to take up composing seriously, and he obtained a double degree in piano (graduated 1938) and composition (graduated 1940).
Goltz volunteered for the Army, but was instead assigned to the Political Administration of the Baltic Fleet, to compose patriotic songs.
He worked in inhuman conditions during the Siege of Leningrad, and died six months after the start of the Siege, of illness caused by malnutrition.
The subject of her cartoons were of a socio-political nature and accompanied articles and other artistic works that spoke for women's health and rights.
In addition, she drew cartoons for an aids instructional pamphlet targeted at women and produced by the Terrance Higgins Trust Foundation.
During the 1990s she was featured in several anthologies produced by Roz Warren all of which, were themed on contemporary lesbian and women's humor.
Miss United States 1961, also referred to as Miss World USA 1961, was the 4th edition of the Miss United States World pageant and it was held in Carnegie Hall in New York City, New York and was won by Jo Ann Odum of West Virginia.
In 1974, she was one of two moderators of the first nationally televised debate between two presidential candidates (Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and François Mitterrand) during the final round of a national election.
He currently plays with the University of Maine as a prospect to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Swayman played the 2015–16 season in the USHL with the Tri-City Storm and the 2016–17 season with the Sioux Falls Stampede also in the United States Hockey League (USHL).
After junior hockey he went to the University of Maine starting with the 2017-18 season where he played 31 games and went 15-12-3 with a 2.72 Goals against average (GAA), a .921 Save percentage and 1 shutout.
Researchers identified the nematode as a possible host because they feed on insects by targeting their larvae and releasing bacteria that then confront pathogens similar to those found in humans.
Gram-negative bacteria have a characteristic architecture for the cell envelope, with an inner membrane, an outer membrane, and a periplasmic space in between.
In this arrangement, the peptidoglycan layer is relatively thin and does not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial classification.
Antibiotic resistance has become wide-spread in bacterial pathogens, and in Gram-negative bacteria such as the Enterobacteriaceae, much of this comes from acquired genes.
Its production and export is encoded by a typically silent five gene operon that showed minimal production under laboratory culture conditions.
Mature darobactin consists of a seven amino acids core peptide derived from a longer precursor, with unusual Trp-1 to Trp-3 and Trp-3 to Lys-5 (or Arg-5, in variant forms) crosslinks.
Dr Dhrubajyoti Ghosh (1947 – February 16, 2018) was a UN Global 500 Laureate, Special Advisor on Agricultural Ecosystems, part of the Commission on Ecosystem Management, and Regional Chair for South Asia of the IUCN.
He is most credited for devoting his life for the survival of the East Kolkata Wetlands, naming it, and creating the worlds only fully functioning organic sewage management system.
He attended the University of Calcutta in West Bengal, India, and was the first engineer of the university to graduate with a PhD in ecology.
He went on to become a sanitation engineer for the West Bengal government, which brought the issues of the Kolkata Wetlands to his sites.
Advocating nature-based solutions, Dhrubajyoti Ghosh's work in the East Kolkata showed it could be used for free-of-charge sewage work, fertile aquatic gardens and fisheries, and flood defenses with minimal harm to the environment.
This land soon became the worlds only fully functional organic sewage management system, treating 750 million litres/day, using solar UV radiation to purify canals leading into the wetlands.
His main complaint on the upkeep of this project is that there is no large scale management or municipal ownership of the system to keep quality control, and there is currently no known governmental plans to change that.
His work included being Chief of the Department of Environment of the Government of West Bengal, member of the Board of Trustees of the India Worldwide Fund for Nature, fellow of the National Institute of Science within the Government of India, member to the management board of RAMSAR, and a member of the National Wetland Committee.
Bermuda Carnival is organized by BHW Ltd., led by Bermudian-Guyanese soca DJ, Jason Sukdeo, aka D'General, along with Sandra Richards-Vance, Jumaane Davis, and Dr. Akbar Lightbourne.
Bermuda Carnival draws inspiration from Caribbean carnivals such as Trinidad and Tobago Carnival and Barbados Crop Over while also celebrating and uplifting elements of Bermudian culture.
Nirmal Palazhi (born in Kozhikode, Kerala) is an Indian actor who has worked predominantly in the Malayalam film industry known for his work on Puthan Panam, Diwanji Moola Grand Prix and Ira.
He started his career as a mimicry stage artist part of the Calicut-based stage group, Calicut V4U, Nirmal performed at various shows and gained popularity after his appearance on the comedy reality show Comedy Festival, aired in Mazhavil Manorama.
He then went on to make his big screen debut with the film Kuttiyum Kolum, following which he was featured in Salala Mobiles, North 24 Kaatham, Puthan Panam, and Onpatham Valavinappuram.
Enrique Iturriaga Romero was born in Lima, Peru, in 1918 and spent most of his childhood in Huacho, a small port city north of the Peruvian capital.
As a child, Iturriaga did not receive any formal musical training, but music was always present in the Iturriaga family house.
His grandmother and older cousins often played the piano during family gatherings, arousing Enrique's interest in music from an early age, and was also encouraged by his father to play the piano.
The young Iturriaga was naturally involved in music and enjoyed improvising on the piano; He also learned to play popular music like Peruvian waltz, marinera, tango, jazz, all by ear.
Peruvian popular music not only played an important role in the development of Iturriaga's childhood, but also later shaped his musical creativity.
In the coastal regions of Peru where he grew up, the most common type of popular music during the first half of the twentieth century was música criolla.
Although Iturriaga's exposure to music in his early years was predominantly that of popular idioms, the family's Victrola gramophone also gave him the opportunity to explore a selection of music and art.
However, in an isolated environment, such as the city of Huacho, where Iturriaga spent his childhood, the opportunities for music concerts of different artistic angles are very rare, and as a result, Iturriaga could satisfy his curiosity for music art only by Gramophone use.
Iturriaga learned to play popular music with relative ease because of his keen ear, but was not interested in becoming a popular music artist; rather, it was the invention of original piano pieces that fascinated him most.
In 1932, at the age of fourteen, he auditioned in Lima for Lily Rosay, piano teacher at the Sas-Rosay Academy of Music.
He enters the National University of San Marcos and studies in the faculty of letters, then leaves his studies to enter the National Conservatory of Music.
He was part of the group of Peruvian composers who in the 1950s renewed the art music of their country, through the introduction of new musical techniques and the improvement of musical work.
In 1963 he traveled to the United States, invited to meet and study the work of universities and other higher institutions in the field of music.
The same year he traveled to Santiago de Chile, invited by the University of Chile to attend the Inter-American Congress of Musical Educators.
In addition to teaching and criticism, his dissemination work was expanded with the publication of the books La música en el Perú – in co-authorship – and Método de composición melódica.
In 1957 he won the Juan Landaeta Prize, Caracas; and in 1965, the Third Ibero-American Festival of Washington commissioned him with a work Vivencias, that was premiered by the Buffalo Symphony Orchestra.
In 2005 he was awarded the Medal of Honor of the Peruvian Culture of the National Institute of Culture of Peru.
Alongside her husband, she co-founded the Tuckamore Festival in 2001 and is a University Research Professor of Violin and Viola at the Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Dahn studied at the New England Conservatory, the Juilliard School, and the Cleveland Institute of Music, where she earned her doctorate in violin performance.
By 2001, Dahn and her pianist husband Steeves launched the Tuckamore Festival together, which later earned the support of the Canadian government.
The next year, the duo commissioned and wrote R. Murray Schafer’s Duo for Violin and Piano, which won Best Classical Composition at the 2011 Juno Awards.
Berk earned his Bachelor of Arts from Washington University in 1981, Master of Science from the London School of Economics in 1982, and J.D.
From 1990 to 1995, Berk worked in the U.S. Attorney's Office in the District of Columbia as Assistant United States Attorney.
President Barack Obama nominated Berk on November 30, 2015, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Harold L. Cushenberry, Jr. On March 2, 2016, the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs held a hearing on his nomination.
The ship's first exercises occurred on 31 January 1944, when it participated in targeting and attack exercises in conjunction with , , and in Holy Loch.
This process caused the development of the industrial sector of the economy, which allowed to increase labor productivity and partially provided the economy with industrial products.
However, the beginning of the introduction of machine production in leading industries and vehicles was in the second quarter of the XIX century.
Russia was in the role of catching up, trying to catch up with the advanced countries of the West in terms of industrial development.
The combat readiness of the army depended directly on the level of development of the economy and, above all, on the degree of development metallurgical, textile, cloth and other industries.
All these plants used raw materials of a low level and the quality of the metal produced was not the best, but the small distance of these plants from the place of hostilities was invaluable.
At the same time, metallurgical plants were being built in the Ural (region), including a large silver mining plant was founded in 1704 in Nerchinsk, which was of great importance for the future development of the monetary business and the country's economy.
As a result of this construction, an industry was created that was able to equip the army with powerful artillery and other weapons.
In total, over 28 private and company-owned and 7 state-owned iron factories, one state-owned and two company-owned copper plants, arose in Central Russia in the first third of the 18th century.
In the first quarter of the 18th century, due to a sharp increase in the size of the army and navy, the textile and especially sailing-and-linen industry began to develop rapidly.
However, Peter I conducted a series of laws that aggravated the situation of peasants and prevented the creation of a wage labor market.
After the death of Peter I, up to the middle of the century, the industry of Russia, in spite of everything, continued to develop.
In the middle of the 18th century, Russia took the first place in the world in the smelting of cast iron and became its main exporter to Europe.
The most noticeable growth was observed in the field of metallurgy and the textile industry, and details of industrialization in the field of agriculture are also visible.
In the field of metallurgical production and metalworking, at the beginning of Catherine's reign there were 182 enterprises, and at the end of the XVIII century about 200.
At the end of the sixties in the textile industry there were 231 large enterprises, including 73 woolen factories, 85 linen and 60 silk.
At the end of the 18th century, the number of textile enterprises reached 1082, of which 158 were woolen, 318 were linen and 357 were silk.
The decrees of Catherine II on the ban on the purchase of serfs to factories and their registration with enterprises and on the free foundation of industrial enterprises for all sectors of society (1775) intensified the process of attracting hired workers to production.
In Russia, the industrial revolution began in the 1820s, went extremely slowly and ended after the abolition of serfdom.This process was completed no earlier than the 1880s, when the technical and social restructuring of the Ural mining industry, which was entirely based on serf labor, ended.
The serf system, in turn, narrowed down the possibilities of creating a free-labor market and was the main obstacle to the industrial revolution.
In England, starting from the 1760s, and after it in other Western European countries, there was a process of accumulation of technical experience and the introduction of technical inventions, which became the condition for the transition to machine production.
Only at the end of the XVIII century, on the initiative of the government, a discussion began on a large-scale project that concerned the use of English comb out and spinning machines.
In the years 1841-1845 they were imported in the amount of 668 thousand rubles, in the next five years this amount increased by 2.5 times, and in the first half of the 1850s amounted to more than two million rubles.
This started the process of crowding out the manufactory with a factory, which proceeded extremely unevenly in different industries and in different regions.
On the basis of a centralized manufactory, industries such as paper and glass developed, the products of which mainly met the country's needs.
Since the beginning of the century, the number of enterprises in paper production has almost tripled and reached 165.Here about 80% of production was produced using machines.
Crisis phenomena were observed in the mining industry of the Urals, where manufactory production was based on monopoly and forced labor.
In the pre-reform period, cast iron smelting increased slightly (from 10 million pounds at the beginning of the century to 18 million pounds by 1861).
And while at the end of the 18th century Russia accounted for about a third of the world smelting of pig iron, by 1860 its share did not exceed 4%.Weak technical base made the production of metallurgical plants uncompetitive.
The labor productivity of workers attached to factories was low, and the owners of mining plants did not introduce steam engines, relying on the cheapness of manual labor.
However, the owners of the plants did not use coal for puddling, which led to large-scale deforestation, to an increase in production costs and to an even wider use of non-economic forms of exploitation of workers.The crisis in the mining industry also affected the position of state-owned military factories, where modern metalworking and mechanical production increasingly dealt with the supply of low-quality raw materials.
The serfdom slowed down the introduction of technical discoveries and inventions into the industry.The low cost of serfdom made it unprofitable to replace it with machine labor based on the use of steam engines.
Entrepreneurs were not interested in raising the qualifications of the workforce; labor productivity at state-owned and private-owned manufactories grew extremely slowly.An incomplete industrial revolution doomed the country to lagging behind industrialized European countries.
The completion of the industrial revolution and the overcoming of this lag was directly related to the elimination of serfdom, since serfdom was the main obstacle to the emergence in Russia of a free wage labor market.
By the early 1880s, the main industrial products began to be produced at factories and plants using machines and mechanisms driven by steam.
At the end of the 70s of the XIX century, 58% of the textile industry was produced on 50 thousand mechanical looms.
In the second half of the 80s and up to the end of the century, primarily heavy industry developed at a rapid pace, the volume of production of which increased by 4 times, and the number of workers doubled.If in the 80s large mechanized enterprises were rare among the huge mass of artisanal production, then in the late XIX - early XX centuries.
At the end of the decade, it ended with a new systemic crisis, which was part of the recession in world industrial production and was accompanied by an agrarian crisis.
In search of a way out of this difficult situation, the government made deliberate efforts that led to an unprecedented industrial boom that began in 1893.
In the industry of the Russian Empire there is a period of slowdown in comparison with the end of the XIX century.
From 1894 to 1914, in the Russian Empire, coal production increased by 306%, oil - by 65% (growth stopped in 1901, since then no increase has been observed), gold - by 43%, copper - by 375%; cast iron - by 250%; iron and steel - by 224%.
At the beginning of the XX century, the Russian Empire, along with the United States, occupied a leading position in world agriculture.
This is especially evident in the example of grain crops: in the first 14 years of the XX century, the sown area increased by 15%, grain yield by 10%, grain harvest per capita by more than 20%.
Gross grain harvest - 5637 million poods (92.5 million tons) - 1 place in the world (half the world rye crop, second place in wheat harvest), as well as 1 place in grain export - 647.8 million poods were exported (10.61 million tons) of grain.
GDP per capita, calculated in 1990 Giri-Khamis international dollars, in the Russian Empire in 1913 was $1,488 per person with a world average of $1,524, which was below the level of all European countries except Portugal, and approximately corresponded to the level of Japan and the average Latin America level.
For example, in the same time period, industrial production in England decreased by 11%, and in Germany it decreased as much as 36%.
As we see, the development of industry reached the peak both in quantitative and in qualitative terms towards the end of the existence of the Russian Empire, on the eve of the February Revolution.
Even if you haven’t been hankering to run mobs of crazed gorillas with cream pies against giant robots, this game may give you that desire.
She began her career as a researcher at Inserm, where she was involved in the development of the first digital scanner in nuclear medicine.
She then joined the Frédéric-Joliot hospital department of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission where she developed Positron emission tomography locally as part of a second thesis in biophysics completed in 1984 at the University of Paris-Sud under the direction of Nobel Prize winner Georges Charpak.
She became Associate Professor in Physics and Medical Biophysics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University and the University of Paris-Sud..
In 1985, she founded the company IMSTAR, which designs, develops and markets automated imaging systems for life-sciences research and diagnostic tests for genetic disorders and cancers.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Australia administered the two areas known as Papua and New Guinea from the First World War until Papua New Guinea became an independent nation in 1975.
The Holy See established its Delegation to Australia on 15 April 1914, which was succeeded by the Delegation to Australia, New Zealand and Oceania in 1947 and the Delegation to Australia and Papua New Guinea in 1968.
The Nunciature to Australia was created 5 March 1973 and when Paro was named Nuncio to Australia on 4 July 1973 he remained Delegate to Papua New Guinea.
By 1869, the family had settled in a logging camp near Seabeck, Washington Territory, where a sister, Esther, and a brother, Frederick, were born.
In July 1897, just weeks after hearing the news that gold had been discovered in the Klondike, Will's brother Frederick sailed for Skagway, Alaska.
In 1925, Clayson was elected to the Anchorage City Council, and two years later, on April 5, 1927, he was elected to succeed Chris M. Eckmann as Mayor of Anchorage, defeating W.B.
It was during Clayson's tenure that the city council approved an ordinance authorizing the construction of the Eklutna Dam by Frank Ivan Reed's Anchorage Light and Power Company.
Clayson became an early investor in Anchorage Air Transport, Inc, which was founded in 1926 to capitalize on growing demand for commercial aviation.
The National Finals Steer Roping, organized by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), is the premier championship steer roping event in the United States.
It showcases the talents of the PRCA's top 15 money-winners in the steer roping world standings at the end of the regular season as they compete for the world title.
The National Finals Steer Roping (NFSR) event takes place annually in early November at the Kansas Star Arena in Mulvane, Kansas.
The NFSR is a separate event from the National Finals Rodeo, which holds the finals for all of the other PRCA rodeo events in December at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas.
The fastest time recorded is 8.3 seconds and it is shared by three cowboys: Cash Myers (2006), Jess Tierney (2015), and Guy Allen (2016).
One of the many purposes of the institution is education, with guided tours being provided to the public and school groups annually visiting the park.
The 2008 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 16–20 September 2008 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Old Kia Kima is a restored former Boy Scout summer camp now owned and operated by the Old Kia Kima Preservation Association.
The camp is situated on a bluff overlooking the South Fork of the Spring River, in Sharp County near Hardy, Arkansas.
The original Kamp Kia Kima opened in 1916 and operated (excluding World War II years) as a Boy Scout summer camp until 1963.
For the next 33 years the camp was in a state of abandonment and ruin until 1996 when the Old Kia Kima Preservation Association, Inc. was formed with the mission to restore the camp.
In 1964, Boy Scout summer camp activities were moved to a new, larger camp now known as the Kia Kima Scout Reservation.
After having been closed for 39 years, in 2002 the former Boy Scout camp reopened under the name Old Kia Kima.
The Old Kia Kima Preservation Association (OKKPA) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit youth leadership and service organization formed to restore the former Boy Scout summer camp and in so doing, provide camping facilities to qualified youth groups so they can experience the spirit of Old Kia Kima.
Cosmopolites sordidus, commonly known as the banana root borer, banana borer, or banana weevil, is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae.
It is a pest of banana cultivation and has a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in all parts of the world in which bananas are grown.
The eighth abdominal segment of the larva bears a large spiracle, the remaining segments bearing small spiracles; the last two segments appear truncated, being fused together to form a plate-like structure.
It now has a cosmopolitan distribution and is found in all the banana-growing regions of the world: southwestern Europe, southern Asia, Africa, Australia, South and Central America, the West Indies and Mexico.
They have been reported as feeding on Manila hemp, sugarcane and yams, but they probably only do this when they are unable to access banana plants.
The adult female deposits her eggs singly between the leaf sheath and the stem, or at the base of the stem in the vicinity of the corm.
On hatching about six days later, the larvae burrow into the stem or the root, and it is their burrowing activities that weaken the plant and make it liable to be blown over.
The tunnelling activities of the root borer weaken the stem, make the plant more susceptible to lodging, cause reduced uptake of nutrients, and result in crop damage and lower yields.
Planting insect-free roots or tissue culture plantlets may be effective for a few years before insects move in from surrounding areas.
The 2019–20 Central Arkansas Bears basketball team represent the University of Central Arkansas in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bears, led by 6th-year head coach Russ Pennell, play their home games at the Farris Center in Conway, Arkansas as members of the Southland Conference.
In the Southland Tournament, they defeated Texas A&M–Corpus Christi in the first round, before being defeated by Southeastern Louisiana in the second round.
The 2019–20 North Carolina Tar Heels women's basketball team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Tar Heels, led by first year head coach Courtney Banghart, play their games at Carmichael Arena and are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
On April 18, Hatchell resigned after an external review confirmed reports that she had made racially insensitive comments and mismanaged players' medical issues.
Hatchell, the only coach with national titles in the AIAW, NAIA, and NCAA, left Chapel Hill with 1,023 wins overall and 751 in 33 seasons with the Tar Heels, including the 1994 NCAA title.
One Night Steal (from ), is a Thai romantic comedy television series starring Krist Perawat Sangpotirat, Punpun Sutatta Udomsilp, Pluem Purim Rattanaruangwattana and Sing Harit Cheewagaroon.
Jee (Punpun Sutatta Udomsilp) is a girl who has been showered with luck since her birth that even when a bread with jam falls, it doesn't fall on the side where the jam is.
While working in a stock market prediction company, she meets Putti (Na Thanaboon Wanlopsirinun), a young business customer who is trying his best to get close to her.
Nott (Krist Perawat Sangpotirat) is an aspiring musician who grew up to have met with several unlucky circumstances while growing up.
Jee stumbled upon Nott alone and both of them got to talk to each other until they got drank and unknowingly got into a one night stand.
This resulted into a change of their fortunes where Jee suddenly got into several problems while Nott, together with his band, became famous.
Stepan Mykolayovych Sosnovy (March 23, 1896 in Rizdvyanka (now Syvaske), Russian Empire - March 26, 1961 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) was a Ukrainian-Soviet agronomist and economist and author of the first comprehensive study of the 1932-1933 Holodomor in Ukraine.
Together with his younger brother Timofei (Timothy during his later life in the US) he was orphaned at the age of 9.
In the inter-war period, he published several statistical works, which mainly discussed issues of land plot lease in the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1932-1936 he worked as an agronomist in Yakymivka District, Zaporizhia Oblast, where he witnessed the mass famine (later known as Holodomor) and later claimed that he had developed an anti-Soviet sentiments just at that time.
In September 1941, he was offered a job in Moscow, but he declined and stayed in Kharkov, which was occupied shortly thereafter by the German troops, together with his two sons, his mother-in-law and his sick wife.
On November 24, 1941, he got a job in the Agricultural Administration, where he worked as head of the economic statistics department.
In early August 1943, during the Soviet offensive on Kharkov, his wife moved to Kiev with their sons Vladimir (1926) and Alexander (1927).
He noted that since authorities took most of their livestock from peasants in the years of collectivization, they lost their economic independence.
In analyzing the role of MTS (Machinery and Tractor Stations), S. Sosnovy showed that the creation and enforcement of these stations in Ukraine actually led to the creation of a state agricultural monopoly.
Comparing statistics with other years, including the lean years, he believed that Ukraine had enough grain from the 1932 harvest to feed the population and even livestock.
He noted that the excessive corn procurement plan was a killer factor for the peasants because every last grain was confiscated in order to fulfill the plan.
Thanks to the use of the 1926 census data of Soviet Ukraine and a series of open statistical and economic collections from the 1930s, Sosnovy was the first Ukrainian scientist who attempted to estimate the number of victims of the famine.
His younger brother Timothy (died 1983), a member of OUN-M, emigrated (Germany, later USA), where he began to teach and contribute to the dissemination of his brother's research.
He was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in forced labor camps, with 5 years loss of rights and complete confiscation of property.
A decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 11 April 1958 abolished the loss of rights and cleared his criminal record.
The series begins with how Abumrad learned that his father, Naji Abumrad, a doctor, had befriended Parton after she survived a minor traffic accident.
Abumrad sought out an introduction to Parton in an effort to understand how she remains one of the most popular and well respected musicians in America.
Each episode covers a different aspect of Parton's career, from her early life, to her unique approach to politics, her most famous songs and creation of the Dollywood theme park.
Gia Volski (born January 18, 1957) is a Georgian Politician currently serving as First Deputy Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia, having held other important positions within parliament from 2012 onwards.
After two and a half seasons in Bryne from 2000 to 2002 he returned to Kongsvinger in the summer of 2002, now residing on the third tier.
In 2004 he played briefly for lowly Vinger FK before retiring, and was hired at the Norwegian School of Elite Sport in Kongsvinger and Kongsvinger's junior team.
The book details the mining planet of Texaiter, home to industrial waste and corporate corruption, and includes random encounters with notable residents.
Chaliha was born and raised in Assam, where she was inspired to begin flying by a newspaper announcement by the Assam Flying Club on youth flying scholarships with support from her father.
She won a scholarship, and would go on to fly many solo flights, prior to the use of radio in planes, even once being caught in a monsoon.
After these early flights, and a flight that went under bridge construction at the Brahmaputra River, she became northeast India's first female pilot at the age of 21.
Collin Patrick Green (born 1962) is a rear admiral in the United States Navy, who serves as the commander of the Naval Special Warfare Command.
He is a naval special warfare officer, and previously served as commander of United States Special Operations Command South from 2016 to June 2018.
The Church of Our Lady of Nazareth of Engenho Itaperoá () is an abandoned 18th-century Roman Catholic church in São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
It was listed as a historic structure by the State of Sergipe in 1984; despite its heritage designation, the church is in advanced state of ruin.
It has an elaborate baroque-style pediment with volutes; it likely had an image in the tympanum, but the pediment is in a state of advanced ruin.
Each tower has a small door corresponding to the central doors of the church at the lower level and a window above corresponding to those of the choir level.
It church likely connected to other buildings on the plantation, an architectural feature found on numerous sugarcane plantations of the period in Sergipe and Bahia.
In both design and scale it resembles the Chapel of the Nossa Senhora da Penha Sugar Plantation in nearby Riachuelo and the Church of Tejupeba House and the Chapel of the Colégio Sugar Plantation in Itaporanga D'Ajuda.
The Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré was listed as a historic structure by the State of Sergipe on January 6, 1984 under Decree No.
It is one of two protected rural chapel structures in São Cristóvão, the other being the Chapel of Our Lady of the Conception of Engenho Poxim.
The Church of Our Lady of Nazareth of Engenho Itaperoá is located on private property, but visible from a rural road that connects BA-101, the highway that crosses much of the east coast of Brazil, to the city of São Cristóvão.
As she grew up in a poor household, Tobias took a job as a school bus driver and worked at the police department after high school.
Upon enlisting in the Navy in March 1974, she inquired a Navy recruiter about the possibility of her becoming a diver.
At the age of 21, she applied to the Navy 2nd Class Diving School and was accepted two days before the program started in January 1975.
During training, she was required to dive while carrying more than 200 pounds of gear in dark, cold or turbulent water.
Despite this, Tobias became the first woman to graduate from the Navy Deep Sea Diving School and went on to work with the Navy search and salvage operations.
She was unable to join sea duty billets so she accepted a position as an instructor at the Submarine Escape Training Tank at Submarine Naval Base in New London.
Tobias also worked within the hyperbaric chamber to treat divers suffering embolisms and civilians suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning and gangrene.
After eight years in the Navy, Tobias earned her bachelor's degree in education and a master's in psychology and taught special-education classes at New London High School.
The 2020 British National Track Championships are a series of track cycling competitions which will be held from 24–26 January 2020 at the Manchester Velodrome.
It was established in 1934 by a group of doctors, including the plastic surgeon Sir Harold Gillies and the physiologist Sir Leonard Hill.
Having obtained her bachelor's degree, she worked for several years as a graphic designer and publishing before starting to write professionally.
Children's literature was never in her plans, it emerged spontaneously when she was 22 years old as a way of exploring her own feelings, looking for answers in a time of personal crisis.
Although María Fernanda was discouraged, a close friend of hers prompted her to register her novel for the Latin American Children's Literature Norma-Fundalectura Prize, the most important prize in the region in the field, which she won.
The most relevant characters form her piece are the grandparents, who give a sense of affection, warmth and wisdom in each situation.
At the same time, her work puts in question the adult world - divorce, abandonment, rupture, domestic violence- or current issues at the school context such as bullying, harassment, stalking, sexting, etc.
He was an assistant professor at Stanford University from 1985 to 1990 and an associate professor at Indiana University from 1990 to 1994.
At Indiana University he was a professor of mathematics from 1994 to 2014 and is since 2014 the James H. Rudy Professor of Mathematics; there he has also been an adjunct professor of statistics since 2006.
John Sayers Redditt was born on April 4, 1899 in Center, Texas to John David and Lewis Permellia Redditt, his great-uncle is Joseph Draper Sayers.
Tensions between the multinational technology company Google and its workers escalated in 2018 and 2019 as staff protested company decisions on a censored Chinese search engine, a military drone artificial intelligence, and internal sexual harassment.
Alphabet, the parent company of the multinational technology company Google, has over 100,000 full-time employees internationally, in addition to contract employees.
Google has seen a rise in worker activism since 2018, with a swiftly changing internal culture in which staff have been alienated by scandals including a 2017 memo about Google's culture and diversity policies, revelation of a large exit package offered to an executive accused of sexual harassment, and staff accusations of retaliation.
In April, walkout organizers Meredith Whittaker and Claire Stapleton wrote that they were being demoted or reassigned as retaliation for their organizing.
The company denied the allegations but instituted new policies against employee protest and in-office politics, which further eroded worker trust from parts of its staff.
A September settlement with the National Labor Relations Board in response to Stapleton and Whittaker's departures required policy clarifications that explicitly let employees act collectively and discuss workplace issues with each other and the press.
In November 2019, Google fired and suspended workers for media leaks and misuse of internal data, which some internal sources described as retaliation against activist staff.
A publicized, 200-worker demonstration in San Francisco protested the suspension of Rebecca Rivers and Laurence Berland as unjust and demanded their reinstatement.
Rivers had protested the United States Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) business with a Google cloud product and Berland had protested YouTube's use of hate speech policy in relation to gay rights.
Both Rivers and Berland spoke about their personal experiences at the rally, emphasizing the opaqueness behind being put on leave, particularly that they had not been told what they did wrong.
Rivers said that the leave was about investigating her document access, but was questioned mostly in relation to her activism over Google's government contracts.
Following the rally, Google fired Rivers, Berland, and two rally participants, known together as the Thanksgiving Four, based on the firings' proximity to the holiday.
Internal activists described the recently changed access policy as vague and emphasized that viewing documents outside the scope of one's job was routine as part of Google's culture of openness and emphasized within the company's recruiting.
CNBC wrote that Google harmed itself with its unspecific public response, which obscured the legitimacy of the firings and let critics circulate their own conclusions, namely that staff were being fired for organizing.
Around the same time, the company curtailed its weekly town hall meetings in response to leaks, reducing their frequency and narrowing their focus from general management questions to product and business strategy.
Internal activists cited other recent policy changes in their accusation of company retaliation against collective action: employee guidelines on political speech, web browser history trackers, anti-union consultants, and a calendar tool to track events with over 100 participants.
In early December, the Communications Workers of America union filed a federal labor complaint against Google for the November Four firings, opening a National Labor Relations Board investigation for Berland, Rivers, Paul Duke, and Sophie Waldman.
The union also filed a complaint on behalf of Kathryn Spiers, an employee who said she was fired for building a reminder about worker protections in an internal HR guideline/policy reminder tool maintained by her team.
Google said Spiers was fired not for the content of her message but for using a security and privacy tool for an unrelated purpose, and without business justification or team authorization.
These 2,300 workers who prepare food and wash dishes are organizing with the union Unite Here, which is negotiating a contract with Compass Group.
The Bremer Tageszeitung AG (BTAG) (Bremer newspaper AG) is a publishing house that publishes various regional newspapers in the city of Bremen and the close by region in Lower Saxony.
BTAG was founded in 1945 under commercial law as a public limited company and is owned half by the Bremen family Hackmack and Hamburg photographer Christian Güssow.
The social-democratic journalist and publisher Hans Hackmack received in 1945 from the military government of the American zone the license to publish a newspaper.
It was one of the first licensed newspapers in occupied Germany after the Second World War and appeared on four sides for the first time on 19 September 1945.
The Bremer Nachrichten was allowed to appear only in 1949; they could not make up for the advantage of the Weser-Kurier.
The sculpture was commissioned by the City of Winnipeg and was the winning proposal in a national competition by artist Catherine Widgery.
The sculpture is made of stone, stainless steel, aluminum, gold leaf, and concrete, and includes an arch and two 40ft columns, each topped with golden sheaves of wheat.
The first Norwood bridge was deemed unsafe in 1929, and negotiations toward construction of a replacement bridge began in the fall of 1930 between the City of Winnipeg and the City of St Boniface.
The original cost estimate for the Norwood Bridge replacement was $620,000, with costs shared between the federal and provincial governments, as well as both the City of Winnipeg and City of St Boniface.
The construction of the current bridge required relocation of the City of Winnipeg Water Utility pumphouse from the east side of Main Street to the west side of Main street.
The construction of bridge was the first in Winnipeg to use large, flat-topped barges instead of work bridges, and implemented northern ice road building techniques to use large cranes and other construction equipment on the river.
The Mount Union Purple Raiders football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in Division III, representing the University of Mount Union in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC).
With more than 800 wins, the Purple Raiders rank in the top 20 in most wins in NCAA history, and the most of any team in Division III.
From 1893 until 1913, Mount Union played as an independent, then joining the OAC in 1914, has remained their ever since.
A security token offering (STO)/Tokenized IPO is a type of public offering in which tokenized digital securities, known as security tokens, are sold in cryptocurrency exchanges.
Tokens can be used to trade real financial assets such as equities and fixed income, and use a blockchain virtual ledger system to store and validate token transactions.
Due to tokens being classified as securities, STOs are more susceptible to regulation and thus represent a more secure investment alternative than ICOs, which have been subject to numerous fraudulent schemes.
Furthermore, since ICOs are not held in traditional exchanges, they can be a less expensive funding source for small and medium-sized companies when compared to an IPO.
An STO on a regulated stock exchange (referred to as a Tokenized IPO) has the potential to deliver significant efficiencies and cost savings, however.
By the end of 2019, STOs have been used in multiple scenarios including the trading of Nasdaq-listed company stocks, the pre-IPO of World Chess, FIDE's official broadcasting platform, and the creation of Singapore Exchange's own STO market, backed by Japan's Tokai Tokyo Financial Holdings.
Though sharing some core concepts with ICOs and IPOs, STOs are in fact different from both, standing as an intermediary model.
The main difference stands in the fact that ICO tokens are the offered cryptocurrency's actual coins, entirely digital, and classified as utilities.
In this sense, STOs are actually more similar to IPOs, with the difference being that one isn't required to be an accredited investor with a high net worth to take part in the initial offering.
In general, though, STOs are placed under securities legislation (together with traditional IPOs), and ICOs under utilities, with the differentiation being made mostly on a case-by-case basis.
It is worth noting that even in countries where STOs and ICOs are under the same legislation, security tokens still require a connection to a registered company with real assets being sold.
The main debate surrounding security tokens is, thus, the legal differentiation of what can be qualified as a utility instead of a security.
Generally, legislation understands that if a passive financial return is expected from the investment, then it is classified as a security.
This way, even if the offering company understands their tokens are merely a utility asset with no expected return investment, if it can be proven otherwise then the ICO becomes an unregulated STO, passive of legal punishment.
Moreover, this assumption of utility has been abused by some STO offering companies to sell securities without regulatory compliance (maliciously labeled as ICOs).
This legal ambiguity has led to some ICO offerers being prosecuted by the SEC as a security offering part, though their tokens were announced as utilities.
Such companies include messaging apps Kik and Telegram, the former being sued by the SEC for over $100 million and the latter delaying their offering plans after similar prosecution.
One of the main selling points of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin has been the decentralization aspect, by which no government can influence or control the currency.
By extension, a cryptocurrency is not directly affected by a specific country's jurisdiction, sociopolitical environment, or economic events (although volatility to such matters has been perceived numerous times).
Such a lack of regulation has led to the rising of large-scale crypto-related criminal activity, ranging from terrorist funding to tax evasion, most of which go untracked and unpunished.
Similarly, ICO scams have been an increasingly troublesome matter, causing billions of dollars in losses and damaging the cryptocurrency market's value as a whole.
Security token offerings are seen as a direct response to such matters, being tied to real, registered assets, and regulated by a specific jurisdiction while still allowing such jurisdiction to be picked by the offering party (upon legal registration and permission request).
So far, STOs have been regulated and legalized in many countries where ICOs have not, due to fitting in many already pre-existing regulations regarding securities.
It continued to serve the inhabitants of the area between 1909 and 1953 and was one of several basic halts opened on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway in Carmarthenshire, Wales.
The station was opened as Pembrey Halt on 02 August 1909 by the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway on the Kidwelly and Burry Port section of the line and was closed by the British Transport Commission in 1953 with the last passenger train running on Saturday 19 September 1953.
It was on the southern section of the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway with Craiglon Bridge Halt to the north and Burry Port to the south at the end of the passenger line.
The line had been built on the course of an old canal with resulting tight curves, low bridge clearance and a tendency to flooding.
The freight service continued for coal traffic on the Cwmmawr branch to Kidwelly until 1996 by which time the last of the local collieries had closed down and the washery closure followed.
The halt lay slightly to the north of the road bridge and was close to the town centre; the station had no public sidings.
The Kidwelly route was used for coal trains, resulting in the lifting of track between Trimsaran Road and Burry Port by 2005.
The section of the old line between Burry Port and Craiglon Bridge Halt is now a footpath and the NCN 4 cyclepath.
The building was designed by Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega, then an architect of the Department of the Interior, with assistance of Francisco Garden.
The Driving America Forward Act is legislation introduced in the U.S. Senate and House in 2019 that extends the federal tax credit for electric vehicle purchases.
The Senate bill (S. 1094) was introduced on April 9, 2019 by Democratic Senators Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters, and Republican Senators Lamar Alexander and Susan Collins.
According to the Edison Electric Institute, the trade association for investor-owned utility companies, there were over 1.27 million electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads in the United States as of June 2019.
Sales of EVs have grown: total sales of EVs in the U.S. in 2018 were 81 percent higher than in 2017.
To spur growth in the adoption of electric vehicles by U.S. consumers, in 2008 Congress created the electric vehicle tax credit by passing the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, which President George W. Bush signed.
The following year, President Barack Obama's economic stimulus bill (the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) extended the life of the tax credit to people who bought their electric vehicles after 2009.
Congress structured the law in a way that phases out the tax credit for each automobile manufacturer once they sell 200,000 qualifying electric vehicles.
Under the bill, when people buy qualifying electric vehicles or hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, they get a dollar-for-dollar reduction in their federal tax liability (taxes owed for that year).
For example, if someone's federal income tax is $7,500 for the year, and they purchase an electric vehicle that qualifies for a $7,500 tax credit, that person would not owe anything in federal taxes for that year.
Under current law, the first 200,000 electric vehicles manufactured by each automaker come with a $7,500 tax credit to the consumers who buy them.
The Driving America Forward Act would allow an additional 400,000 EVs to come with a tax credit (slightly less, at $7,000 per vehicle).
Unless the bill is signed into law, people who buy EVs from manufacturers who have already sold over 200,000 electric vehicles do not get the tax credit.
This cost is calculated as a loss in tax revenues that the federal government would otherwise receive if the tax credits were not extended.
Other automobile manufacturers, automotive trade associations, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the Association of Global Automakers, electric utility companies, and pro-environment advocacy groups have come out in support of the bill.
Supporters of the bill in Congress, as of spring of 2019, were planning to attach the bill to a larger tax reform bill that they had hoped would be considered for debate.
In October 2018, Barrasso attempted to stop the bill and instead replace it with a tax on electric vehicles that would go toward road repair projects.
Another major opponent is the Trump Administration, which in March 2019 announced it wanted to eliminate the entire $7,500 tax credit.
Solange studied college at Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, where she obtained a degree in literature, sharing classes with writers as María Fernanda Ampuero, Luis Carlos Mussó, among others.
As a teacher, she has developed a long career as a professor of higher education in different universities around the country.
In February 2017 she won the prize Premio Matilde Hidalgo as result of 20 years of academic experience in the area of Literary Arts.
Her book Balas Perdidas won in 2010 the Joaquín Gallegos Lara Award for Best Storybook of the Year, awarded by the municipality of Quito, and the second place in the Pichincha Story Prize.
Brunhilde Hanke ( Anweiler; born 23 March 1930) is a German retired politician who was mayor of Potsdam and a member of the State Council of East Germany.
She soon also became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and its youth organisation, the Free German Youth (FDJ).
Prescribed daily dose (PDD) is the usual dose of medication calculated by looking at a group of prescriptions for the medication in question.
Lorraine Marie Sheehan (née Cantin; May 2, 1937 – December 19, 2009) was the 63rd Secretary of State of Maryland and a member of the Maryland State House of Delegates, representing part of Prince George's County, Maryland.
After her career in public service, Sheehan moved to Anne Arundel County, Maryland and remained active in disability issues, becoming president of the Arc of the United States.
She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 2002 and was the 2009 Advocate of the Year for the Anne Arundel Disability Commission.
While the initial release of the album was digital-only, deluxe versions of the album were reissued on CD and vinyl containing additional songs recorded during the tour.
A Blu-ray edition was also released, containing video of all of the tracks present on the digital, CD, and vinyl editions.
Since the early 1970s, extrajudicial punishment attacks have been carried out by Ulster loyalist and Irish republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland.
Attacks can range from a warning or expulsion from Northern Ireland, backed up by the threat of violence, to severe beatings that leave victims in hospital and shootings in the limbs (such as kneecapping).
The cause of the attacks is disputed; proposed explanations include the breakdown of order as a result of the Northern Ireland conflict (–1998), ideological opposition to British law enforcement (in the case of republicans), and the ineffectiveness of police to prevent crime.
Since reporting began in 1973, more than 6,106 shootings and beatings have been reported to the police, leading to at least 115 deaths.
Most victims are young men and boys under the age of thirty years, whom their attackers claim are responsible for criminal or antisocial behaviour.
From the late 1960s to 1998, the Northern Ireland conflict (also known as the Troubles), was a civil war between Irish republican groups, who wanted Northern Ireland to leave the United Kingdom and unite with the Republic of Ireland, and Ulster loyalist groups, who wanted Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK.
The origin of the conflict occurred during the Irish revolutionary period of the early twentieth century, during which most of Ireland seceded from the UK and became the Irish Free State, while the northern six counties opted to remain under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was the largest republican paramilitaries group, while smaller groups include the Irish National Liberation Army and the Official IRA.
All three ceased military activity during the Northern Ireland peace process, which led to the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, the official end of the conflict.
However, dissident republicans—such as the Real IRA and the Continuity IRA—do not recognize the peace agreement and wage an ongoing campaign.
The Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) are rival groups that are responsible for the majority of loyalist murders during the Troubles, while smaller loyalist groups include the Red Hand Commando, Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF), and Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF).
Both republican and loyalist groups consider punishment attacks separate from military activity and continue to carry them out while on ceasefire status.
The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) was an armed force that took a military approach to counter-terrorism, had been drawn into pro-unionist sectarianism, colluded with loyalist groups, and committed police brutality, including beatings of suspects.
Real and perceived human rights violations by security forces—including internment without trial, special courts for political offences, the use of plastic bullets by riot police, and alleged shoot-to-kill policy—further sapped the state's legitimacy for nationalists.
Both nationalist and unionist communities complained that the RUC did not respond quickly enough to calls relating to petty crime, and that suspects were pressured to inform on paramilitaries.
Since the replacement of the RUC with the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) in 2001, trust has improved, with more than 70% in both communities having a positive assessment of the PSNI's performance.
However, in many republican neighbourhoods identity has been shaped by distrust of the authorities, with one republican neighbourhood in West Belfast reporting only 35% trust in the police.
Among the complaints are harassment by security forces, the ineffectiveness of the police, and perceived leniency of sentences meted out by British courts.
Irish nationalist movements have a long history of establishing alternative legal systems, especially the land courts of the Land War and the Dáil Courts during the Anglo-Irish War.
Following partition, loyalist militias patrolled parts of the border with the Irish Free State and, in Belfast, the Ulster Unionist Labour Association set up an unofficial police force in the 1920s.
To protect themselves, nationalists set up Citizen Defence Committees (not connected to physical-force republican groups) which built and manned barricades and patrolled the neighborhood.
In nationalist neighborhoods of Derry such as the Bogside, Brandywell, and Creggan, these committees worked to control petty crime by delivering stern lectures to offenders.
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) became the major enforcer of informal justice in republican areas in the early 1970s, as the civil rights movement transitioned into guerilla war.
At the same time, there was a spike in crime: from two murders and three or four armed robberies each year in the 1960s to 200 murders and 600 armed robberies annually during the next decade.
Despite making the news, rates of car theft were actually still lower in Northern Ireland than in England and Wales, although 70% of car thefts in Northern Ireland occurred in Belfast.
Suspects often were given the opportunity to defend themselves to Sinn Féin before the organization made a decision on their guilt or innocence.
According to anthropologist Neil Jarman, vigilantism emerged in both loyalist and republican areas due to the failings in state policing, a gap which paramilitaries ended up filling.
In republican neighbourhoods, the IRA was the only organization with the capability to offer an effective alternative to the British judicial system.
The ideology of self-reliance in defence from loyalist attacks came to extend to defending the community from crime, which created a cycle where the IRA was expected to deal with criminality but had no way to do so besides violent attacks.
Both republican and loyalist paramilitaries claim that they began to enforce informal justice due to demand from their communities, and vigilantism came at the expense of the IRA's military campaign.
Many locals believe the victims deserve the attacks, because they have typically broken local conventions governing acceptable behaviour and often actively seek out the circumstances that led to their punishment.
Some local republican and loyalist politicians have justified the attacks by saying that the official system fails working-class communities which bear the brunt of crime.
After the ceasefires declared by loyalist and republican paramilitaries in 1994, the number of shootings decreased while beatings increased as the groups wanted to appear to be following the terms of the ceasefire.
The overall rate of attacks spiked; one explanation for the rise in attacks was the decrease in conventional terrorism, which resulted in bored paramilitaries who turned their attention to punishment attacks.
After the peace agreement was finalized in 1998, the number of fatal terrorist attacks greatly decreased but beatings and intimidation continued to increase.
According to some writers, including Liam Kennedy and Malachi O'Doherty, protecting their own communities is only a pretext and the paramilitaries' real goal is to consolidate control over the community.
Terrorism researcher Andrew Silke argues that both loyalist and republican paramilitaries are reluctant vigilantes, and that their vigilantism is unrelated to their .
However, both informing and petty crime undermine the terrorist group, the latter because if the paramilitaries' response is not satisfactory, it can erode their local support.
The IRA claimed that its methods were more lenient than those of other insurgent groups, such as the Algerian FLN or the French resistance, which Munck agrees with.
The IRA also punished its own members for misusing the organization's name, losing weapons, disobeying orders, or breaking other rules, and launched purges against other republican paramilitary groups such as the Irish People's Liberation Organisation and the Official IRA.
Although informers were usually executed, part of the IRA's strategy for defeating informers included periodic amnesties (usually announced after murders) during which anyone could admit to informing without punishment.
Direct Action Against Drugs was an IRA front group that claimed responsibility for some murders of alleged drug dealers beginning in 1995, allowing the IRA to pretend to follow the ceasefire.
Along with conventional terrorism, punishment attacks are a major feature of the dissident Irish republican campaign carried out by the New IRA and other groups.
However, the attacks are controversial among dissident republicans, who question whether any benefit of the attacks is worth the internal division and alienation of youth.
Ulster loyalist paramilitaries, whilst not drawing on historical precedents, justified their role in terms of maintaining order and enforcing the law.
Nevertheless, they were prepared to mete out their own punishments in cases where they judged the official justice system not to deal harshly enough with the alleged offender.
In 1971, the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the largest Ulster loyalist group, formed as a merger between various neighbourhood watch and vigilante groups.
The UDA has collected evidence on petty crime and used vigilante punishment against criminals, antisocial elements, rival Ulster loyalist paramilitary groups, and as a means of discipline within groups.
Between 1973 and 1985, loyalists were responsible for many fewer punishment attacks than republicans, due to a view that their role was protecting Protestants from Catholics rather than enforcing rules within Protestant communities.
According to insider Sammy Duddy, the UDA stopped reporting offenders to the police and started to engage in punishment shootings because the police was pressuring the offenders to inform on loyalist groups.
The increase in punishment attacks has been attributed to increasing mistrust of official law enforcement, ineffectiveness at controlling petty crime, and perceived leniency of sentences.
Both the UDA and UVF have less internal discipline than the IRA, which means that an order to stop would be difficult to enforce.
Loyalist groups' punishment style is more haphazard and groups who cannot find their intended target have been known to attack an innocent Catholic individual.
The penalty chosen would be based on the crime and potentially mitigating or aggravating factors such as criminal history, age, gender, and family background.
Crime against targets valued by the community, such as religious leaders, pensioners, community centers, or locally owned businesses, tended to be punished more harshly than crimes against large corporations, which were frequently ignored.
In other cases, victims would be told to show up at a certain time and place, either at a political front organization or at their home, for the attack.
Initially, both republican and loyalist paramilitaries were reluctant to shoot or seriously harm women and children younger than 16, although this became more frequent as the Troubles continued.
The use of such types of humiliation was greatest in the 1970s and decreased due to the risk of getting caught and complaints from Derry Women's Aid that the practice was misogynistic.
Sometimes paramilitaries would approach a person and ask them to leave West Belfast or Northern Ireland within a certain period of time (such as 48 hours), with an implicit threat of serious injury or execution if they did not comply.
It could be applied arbitrarily when paramilitaries go out looking for the victim but cannot find him, they will issue an expulsion order to friends or relatives.
Most victims are young, unemployed and lack educational qualifications as well as the skills and savings needed to establish themselves in a new area.
Some victims, although they have not been convicted of any crime, go to juvenile detention centres to avoid punishment until their sentence expires.
Beatings are accomplished with instruments such as baseball bats, hammers, golf clubs, hurley sticks, iron bars, concrete blocks, and cudgels (often studded with nails).
The resulting injury can be quite severe, involving flesh split by nails, broken skulls, broken limbs, punctured lungs, and other serious damage.
Beatings became more severe after the 1994 ceasefires due to the reduction in shootings, and were often accomplished with baseball bats and similar implements studded with six-inch nails.
As with beatings, there are various degrees of shooting, with the number of shots, proximity to a joint, and the calibre of the firearm depending on the severity of the offence.
Depending on the attack, shooting can leave relatively minor injuries compared to a severe beating, with one NHS doctor estimating that 50% of those with such injuries will have only minor scars.
They were advised to shoot the ankles and wrists instead of the knees because it lessened the risk of the victim bleeding out, as happened to Andrew Kearney in 1998.
According to psychiatrist Oscar Daly, who treats victims of the attacks, the characteristics of those who tend to be victims—such as poor parenting and preexisting mental health problems—make them more vulnerable to psychological sequelae.
A 1995 study found that symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as flashbacks, hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, and attempts to numb or minimize the incident, are common in youth who survive a punishment attack.
According Hamill's research, desire to escape fear and the feeling of powerlessness can contribute to problems with alcoholism and drug abuse.
More than one third of her subjects suffered from extended bouts of depression following attacks and 22% said that they had attempted suicide.
Mallon analyzed the 402 suicides in Northern Ireland between 2007 and 2009 and identified nineteen cases in which young men had killed themselves after being threatened with punishment attacks for alleged criminal or anti-social behaviour.
More Northern Ireland residents have died by suicide since the peace agreement than were killed during the conflict itself, although there is insufficient evidence for a direct link between the conflict and suicide.
In 2002, the National Health Service estimated that it spent at least £1.5m annually on treating the victims of punishment attacks.
Depending on the time period under consideration, the per-patient cost of treating victims who have been physically attacked varies from £2,855 (2012–2013) to £6,017 (pre-1994) in 2015 pounds.
Police received reports of 6,106 punishment attacks between 1973 and 2015, of which 3,113 incidents were attributed to loyalists and 2,993 to republicans.
There have been additional deaths since then, such as multiple murders claimed by Republican Action Against Drugs and the killing of Michael McGibbon in 2016.
Pressure group Families Against Intimidation and Terror claims that it is a 30–50% underestimate, while according to Sharon Mallon, underreporting makes accurate measurement of these attacks impossible.
About three-quarters of attacks take place between 16:00 and midnight; the majority begin in the victim's residence (often they are abducted and taken elsewhere for the main attack).
In 2018, Community Restorative Justice Ireland estimated that each year there are 250-300 threats, significantly higher than the number reported to PSNI.
Between July 2018 and June 2019, 81 punishment attacks were reported to the police, on average more than one every four days.
According to research by Heather Hamill, this is because prestige in this subculture is based on costly signals of toughness and individuals are able to attain even higher prestige when they show that they are undeterred by punishment attacks.
For example, in 1998 the IRA attacked both Kevin McQuillan, a leader in the rival Irish Republican Socialist Party, and Michael Donnelly, chairman of Republican Sinn Féin in Derry.
One reason for the resurgence of dissident republicans after the IRA's disbanding in 2005 was that previously, the organization had been conducting campaigns of social ostracism, intimidation, kidnapping, and assassination against dissident republicans.
One Presbyterian minister, David J. Templeton, was caught with homosexual pornography and died after a beating by the UVF in 1997.
In 1990, Nancy Gracey set up the organization Families Against Intimidation and Terror to oppose punishment attacks after her grandson was killed in one.
Historian Liam Kennedy has campaigned against the attacks, which he considers a form of child abuse, considering that many victims are minors and some younger than 14.
The sixth of the Mitchell Principles, which paramilitary groups agreed to abide by in 1998, explicitly forbids extrajudicial punishment and requires that signatories put an end to the practice.
The United States was reluctant to threaten the success of the peace process due to punishment attacks, because it considered that these did not fit the conventional definition of terrorism.
Loyalist paramilitaries UDA, UFF, and LVF were re-listed as terrorist organizations in October 2001 after they were found to be involved in punishment attacks.
The authorities have been unable or unwilling to prosecute the perpetrators of the attacks, because attackers usually wear masks and even if aware of their identity, many victims are reluctant to identify them for fear of retaliation.
Of 317 punishment attacks reported to the PSNI between 2013 and 2017, only 10 cases resulted in charges or a court summons.
According to research by Andrew Silke and Max Taylor on punishment attacks between July 1994 and December 1996, loyalists were convicted at a four times higher rate than republican attackers for their participation in attacks.
According to Human Rights Watch, Common Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Convention, which lays down rules for internal armed conflicts, applies to the Northern Ireland conflict.
These interventions have included verifying if an individual is under sentence of expulsion, helping such individuals relocate elsewhere, and eventually reintegrating them into the community.
Sinn Féin supported restorative justice, which was endorsed by the IRA in 1999; the organization also asked locals to stop requesting punishment attacks.
Loyalist neighbourhoods have also seen community restorative justice approaches, organized by Northern Ireland Alternatives, which originated in the greater Shankill area and worked closely with the police from the beginning, despite scepticism from law enforcement.
Proponents of restorative justice argue that they are the only way to end paramilitary violence and are a legitimate form of legal pluralism.
According to a study by Atlantic Philanthropies, Alternatives prevented 71% of punishment attacks by loyalists and CRJI prevented 81% of attacks by republicans.
Critics argue that the restorative justice approach legitimizes the role of paramilitaries in informal justice and allows them to retain the threat of violent attacks if they are not satisfied with the result.
In 2006, the eighth report of the International Monitoring Commission described participation in restorative justice as one means by which paramilitaries attempted to maintain their role and exert influence.
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, cottages, and farmhouses, that are built in limestone with tile roofs.
The other listed buildings include a church and items in the churchyard, bridges, a public house, mileposts, a former watermill, and structures in the grounds of the former Beresford Hall.
Cursa de la Mercè (Mercè Race) is a public athletic race with free registration that is held annually in the streets of Barcelona since 1979.
The race is held on the morning of Sunday of the second half of September, forming part of the events of the Fiestas de la Mercè.
Its current route runs through the most central streets of Barcelona, with exit and arrival to Avenida de Maria Cristina, between the Plaza España and the Montjuïc mountain.
The D.C.–Dulles Line, designated Route 5A, is a bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Washington Dulles International Airport and the L'Enfant Plaza Metro Station of the Blue, Yellow, Orange, Green, and Silver lines of the Washington Metro.
The line operates every 30-35 minutes on weekdays, and 60 minutes on weekends along the Dulles Toll Road, Interstate 66, Richmond Highway, and Interstate 395 between these two locations with no intermediate stops, with the exception of the Herndon–Monroe Park and Ride and Rosslyn station.
Service operates every 30 to 35 minutes between L'Enfant Plaza station and Washington Dulles International Airport on weekdays, and 60 minutes on weekends.
WMATA uses some 2006 Orion VII CNG (07.501) suburbans numbered 2701-2730 to operate on the route based out of Four Mile Run Division.
However, other buses can be used on the route if the Orion VII CNGs are running on other routes or going under maintenance.
As the Silver Line of the Washington Metro is expected to open at Dulles International Airport station between 2020 and 2021, the route uses regular transit buses.
The line is unique for being the only WMATA bus line that runs to Loudoun County, and has a connection with any Virginia non-commuter services, and is responsible for providing a regular link between the two services.
The original $1.10 one-way fare was seen as a bargain compared with other transportation modes in the area, including Shenandoah Valley Commuter Bus.
The Silver Line will bring riders access via train to serve in Maryland, Washington D.C., and the northeastern portion of Virginia.
The Washington Dulles International Airport is expected to serve on its own train station, as the station is part of Phase 2 of the Silver Line.
The station was originally planned to be underground, but the plans call for an above-ground station, which will be located next to daily parking garage 1 of the airport.
The station will be connected to the terminal building using the existing pedestrian tunnel which connects the hourly and daily parking lots and parking garage 1 to the baggage claim level of the airport terminal, and which is equipped with moving sidewalks.
After graduating law school, Soltys served as a law clerk for the judge Gregory E. Mize of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
In 1992, she served as Assistant Corporation Counsel for the District of Columbia until 1996 when she became a Assistant State’s Attorney in Prince George's County, Maryland.
In 2003, she went on to in the U.S. Attorney's Office in the District of Columbia as Assistant United States Attorney.
President Barack Obama nominated Soltys on July 9, 2015, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Natalia Combs Greene.
On December 17, 2016, the Committee reported his nomination favorably to the senate floor and later that day, the Senate confirmed her nomination by voice vote.
The Weeknd wrote and produced the song with its producers Max Martin and Oscar Holter, with Belly and Jason Quenneville receiving additional writing credits.
After having been absent from social media for five months, the singer returned to Instagram on November 20, 2019 and posted six days later on November 26, 2019.
On December 2, 2019, a commercial video containing footage from a Tesfaye and Mercedes-Benz commercial and the song's audio video was released.
It concludes with Tesfaye having flashbacks to a club he attended earlier in the night, where he was serenaded by a mysterious woman, played by Japanese actress Miki Hamano and beat up by a duo of men that forced him to be on the run throughout the video.
The 2007 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 2–6 October 2007 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Vecsaule () is a village in Vecsaule Parish, Bauska Municipality, Latvia, located in the western part of the parish, on the bank of the Vecsaules stream on the road P87, 11 km from Bauska and 76 km from Riga.
Lui Shou-Kwan ( (Lü Shoukun); 1919–1975) was a Chinese painter, one of the most prominent ink painters of the 20th century and a founder of the Hong Kong New Ink Movement.
He taught ink painting at the University of Hong Kong's Department of Architecture, and also taught at the Chinese University's Department of Extra-Mural Studies in 1966.
Lui was one of those attempting to bring Western modernism into Chinese art, making note of how artists like Franz Kline and Robert Motherwell were inspired by Asian calligraphy.
The 2019 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 14th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for women's water polo clubs.
The match was played between CN Sabadell (2018–19 Euro League champions) and Orizzonte Catania (winners of the 2018–19 LEN Trophy) at the Centre Can Llong in Sabadell, Spain, on 26 November 2019.
Italy's Orizzonte Catania upset Spain's home-team Sabadell and won its second Super Cup, eleven years after its first success in the competition.
The film portrayed a new village school teacher whose indifference to traditional customs causes conflict with the school's headmaster and disrupts village life.
Pseudogobiopsis festivus is a species of goby endemic to Malaysia where it is only known from the rainforest freshwater streams of Sarawak.
Service was originally provided along three lines: the West Line from Denver to Glenwood Springs along I-70, the North Line from Denver to Fort Collins along I-25, and the South Line from Denver to Colorado Springs also along I-25.
The Colorado Department of Transportation estimated that there would be 87,376 passengers during the Bustang's first year of operation, but actually ridership surpassed 100,000.
Later that summer the West Line was extended to Grand Junction, with hopes that the route would hit 15,000 annual passengers.
Colossal Media was founded in 2004 by advertising painter Paul Lindahl and his media friends Adrian Moeller and late Patrick Elasik.
As per a New York Times story, Colossal Media may be the world’s largest hand-paint-only advertisement company which leases 120 walls in 100 locations in United States and paints about 400 to 500 murals every year.
As of March 2018, the company has a painting and acquisition department; and overall 80 employees in all of its offices.
In the fall of 2016, the company was commissioned to paint a mural for the cover of New York magazine’s Fall Preview issue.
Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit of the Polish Border Guard () is one of the ten regional units of the Polish Border Guard (Straż Graniczna), responsible for the protection of the borders of Poland.
6/91, pursuant to which the Border Guard Branch in Białystok was created, which was entrusted with the protection of a section of the state border from the 1988 border mark, constituting a demarcation with the section of the official responsibility of the Border Guard branch in Kętrzyn, to the border mark No.
019 of the Border Guard Commander-in-Chief of April 30, 1991 regarding the organization of the SG Branch in Chełm and the reorganization of the SG Branches in Białystok and Przemyśl in May 1991, the decision was made to shorten the section of the branch to the Bug River line in the south.
Following this decision, border organizational units in Janów Podlaski, Terespol and Sławatycze were transferred to the Bug Border Guard Regional Unit in Chełm.
021 pursuant to which on May 16, 1991 the Podlasie-Masurian Brigade of the Border Protection Forces in Białystok and the Border Inspectorate of the Podlasko-Mazurian Brigade of the Border Protection Troops in Terespol were dissolved.
At the same time, pursuant to this ordinance, the Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit in Bialystok was created according to order No.
The Headies Award for Producer of the Year is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards.
The 1991 Weber State Wildcats football team represented Weber State University in Ogden, Utah during the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season.
Led by coach Dave Arslanian and junior Quarterback Jamie Martin, the wildcats finished the regular season with a record of 8–3, and a second place finish in the Big Sky conference.
1991 was one of Weber's best football seasons by that time and is remembered as one of the best in program history.
(They wouldn't return until 2008) Martin's outstanding performance led to him being crowned recipient of the 1991 Walter Payton Award, which is given to the most outstanding offensive player in the I-AA division.
Due to his performance as a Wildcat, in 2014, Weber State made Martin's number 10 the first number to ever be retired in their Stewart Stadium.
The Nice To Meet Ya Tour is the third concert tour by Irish singer Niall Horan, in support of his upcoming second studio album.
The tour is scheduled to begin on 20 April 2020 in Nashville, and currently visits 18 arenas in North America where it will conclude on 20 May 2020 in San Jose.
At the time of the announcement, it was revealed that Lewis Capaldi and Fletcher would serve as opening acts for the North American Leg.
After unsuccessfully running for the Florida Senate in 2006, Jennings was appointed as the Regional Director for the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Jennings was born in Gainesville and attended the University of Florida, where he served as the president of Florida Blue Key and the Black Student Union.
Jennings graduated in 1993 with a bachelor's degree in political science, and helped his father, Edward Jennings, Sr., get elected to the Gainesville City Commission that year.
Following incumbent State Representative Cynthia M. Chestnut's inability to seek re-election, Jennings ran to succeed her in the 23rd District, which stretched from Gainesville to Ocala.
He faced Harvey Budd, a former Alachua County Charter Review Commissioner and a member of the Gainesville Plan Board, in the Democratic primary.
Budd attacked Jennings for working as a real estate developer and for taking contributions from developers, but Jennings argued that he was an environmentally conscientious developer and had relevant experience.
In the general election, Jennings faced Dick Williams, a registered Democrat running as a No Party Affiliation candidate who served as the president of the local chapter of the AARP.
Jennings continued to campaign on his proposal to reduce poverty by making investments in the area's infrastructure, and noted that his development company had built low-cost housing units in the eastern part of the district.
Jennings beat Williams by a wide margin, receiving 76% of the vote to Williams's 24%, and won his first term in the House.
He was opposed by Libertarian Brooks Nelson, a chemical analyst and the son of Dunedin Mayor Janet Henderson, who raised no money and didn't extensively campaign for the seat.
Jennings and Nelson strongly disagreed on the issues, with Jennings staking out positions in support of affirmative action and protecting the state's social safety net and Nelson arguing against affirmative action and for broad tax cuts to shrink the size of government.
In 2006, rather than run for a fourth term to the State House, Jennings announced that he would run for the State Senate, seeking to replace incumbent Senator Rod Smith, who was retiring to run for Governor.
Jennings campaigned on his experience and pro-family record in the legislature, his plan to provide health insurance to the uninsured through a private-public partnership, and his opposition to abortion restrictions.
Jennings carried Alachua County and Marion County by wide margins, narrowly won Columbia County and Putnam County, while narrowly losing the remaining rural counties to McGriff.
In 2010, Jennings was appointed to serve as the Regional Director of Region IV at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, overseeing Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
While serving at HUD, Jennings was named as a defendant brought by a bank over an unpaid loan, and reached a confidential settlement.
The next year, Jennings came under fire for failing to adequately inspect an apartment complex and for unsanitary conditions experienced by a tenant at one of his properties.
The Rayner orogeny was a mountain building that thickened the early continental crust (the cratonic nucleus) of what is now East Antarctica 3.5 billion years ago.
Rocks preserving the orogeny are found in the rough vicinity of the Scott Mountains between Enderby Land in the north and Kemp Land in the south.
The Emeryville mudflat sculptures were a series of found object structures along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of Emeryville, California, largely constructed from discarded materials found on-site such as driftwood.
The mudflat sculptures were first erected in 1962 and received national attention by 1964; through the 1960s and 70s, anonymous, usually amateur artists would construct sculptures visible to traffic at the eastern end of the Bay Bridge.
With the creation of the Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve in 1985 and increased attention to ecosystem preservation, the last mudflat sculptures were removed in 1997.
The Emeryville mudflats are officially known as the Emeryville Crescent, lying west of the Eastshore Freeway (I-80), south of the Emeryville Peninsula, and north of the Bay Bridge toll plaza mole.
The Emeryville Crescent is a northern coastal salt marsh which supports cordgrass, pickleweed, eelgrass, and saltgrass; the endangered Ridgway's rail is known to reside in the Crescent.
During the early 20th century, debris from San Francisco Bay would frequently wash ashore at the mudflats, and industries based in Emeryville would often dump trash at the mudflats as well.
The uplands were created by filling existing marshlands with rubble from building demolition, steel mill slag, industrial waste, sand, and clay to a depth ranging from .
The genesis for the mudflat sculptures was an art class led by Professor Everett Turner at the California College of Arts and Crafts (CCAC) in 1960; as a collective project, the students built a large sculpture on nearby Bay Farm Island that summer.
The Bay Farm Island project was documented in photographs by Penny Dhaemers; when the photographs were shown at the Oakland campus of CCAC, they inspired student John McCracken to build his own sculptures in 1962 on the Emeryville mudflats.
The mudflats had been used for duck hunting, and Anne Herbert speculated the first mudflat sculptures may have been inspired by hunting blinds.
In general, the sculptures were created by anonymous artists, characterized by their impermanence, and intended to be seen by freeway drivers.
An urban scarecrow competition was held for the 1985 San Francisco County Fair; the winner was to be moved to the Emeryville mudflats.
In 1977, the California Arts Council awarded a $4,393 grant to Richard Reynolds to purchase film for a documentary on the mudflat sculptures, which was published in 1980.
Development of the Emeryville Peninsula had been grandfathered by the city, whose planning commission had adopted the General Plan and approved permits just days before the McAteer-Petris Act of 1965 passed.
However, further development of the Emeryville Peninsula was halted by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC), created by McAteer-Petris to review construction projects that would reclaim land from the Bay.
In the early 1970s, the General Plan was revised to allow the Santa Fe Railroad to develop of bayfront land north of the Emeryville Peninsula; in exchange, the Emeryville Crescent would be turned over to the city as open space.
Santa Fe planned to bypass BCDC review by constructing on stilts rather than fill, but this loophole was not accepted by BCDC.
In May 1985, Santa Fe proposed to build two 18-story towers on new fill at the Crescent in exchange for turning over to the public.
At the first hearing to determine the scope of the environmental impact report/statement in August 1986, the deputy director of BCDC suggested the commission would not support Santa Fe's proposal.
Despite a petition with more than half the residents of Emeryville opposing the development, the City Council took no action to bar development on the Crescent.
The Watergate Apartments were completed on the Emeryville Peninsula in 1971, and the high-rise Pacific Park Plaza just east of the Peninsula was completed in 1984, doubling the population of Emeryville.
At this time, the city of Emeryville was aware of the mudflat sculptures and, along with BCDC, began to plan trails to afford better access to the site for artists, but the Golden Gate Audubon Society raised objections to those plans in 1978 and commissioned the Bodega Bay Institute to perform an environmental assessment of the Crescent.
In March 1980, Sylvia McLaughlin made the first presentation to the California State Parks Commission, proposing that a state park be created along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, from the Emeryville Crescent to the Hoffman Marsh.
By 1987, the snarl of driftwood was home to rats and feral cats, who were preying on the numerous species of shorebirds native to the Crescent.
Other factors in the decline cited include the reconstruction of the freeway after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989, which reduced the visibility of the mudflats from traffic; vandalism and destruction of existing sculptures without reconstruction; the prevailing conservative political culture under the Reagan administration; and the creation of McLaughlin Eastshore State Park, encompassing the mudflats.
The site's owner, Catellus Development Corporation, remediated the site's industrial contamination, and turned it over to the California Department of Parks and Recreation, where it joined Eastshore State Park, which is managed by the East Bay Regional Park District.
The Emeryville mudflat sculptures inspired a similar set of structures that were erected from the early 1970s to 1986 near Humboldt Bay, approximately north of San Francisco.
Similar contemporary found art shoreline galleries went up around the San Francisco Bay Area, including the toll bridge plaza of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge, the Bayshore Freeway interchange in Larkspur, in Redwood City, at the Albany Bulb, and in Rodeo.
In 2018, Ned Kahn and Pete Beeman were selected as finalists for artworks at the Emeryville Marina; like the earlier mudflat sculptures, the installations are intended to be visible from the eastern approach to the Bay Bridge.
Anni Neumann (born 13 November 1926) is a retired East German politician who served between 1967 and 1971 as a member of the State Council of East Germany.
Starting in the 1950s she had a shipbuilding career at Neptun Werft in Rostock, and completed a diploma at the University of Rostock (WPU) in 1961.
Neumann joined the Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB) in 1946, the Free German Youth (FDJ) in 1947 and Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1949.
Cerro del Diablo (English: Devil's Hill) is a mountain in the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico, located north-northwest of the city of Ponce.
The term caixa 2 (') or ' are terms used in Brazil, and Portugal respectively, to refer to a type of slush fund involving unrecorded funds not reported to the appropriate supervisory tax organisms.
This book provides information on running adventures in a modern setting, detailing new investigative skills and equipment, and modern armament — including nuclear weapons.
A Hünkâr Mahfili is a structure within the prayer hall of a mosque used for worship by the Sultan, the royal family, and high-ranking government officials.
The New Hampshire Avenue–Maryland Limited Line, designated Route K9, is a limited-stop/express Metrobus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the Fort Totten station of the Red & Green lines of the Washington Metro and White Oak FDA/FRC Building during weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times.
K9 was introduced as a brand new MetroExtra route, on December 30, 2012, at the request of Prince George's County, MD, Montgomery County, MD, & the City of Takoma Park, MD, to operate as a limited stop/express Route during weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times, parallel to route K6 on the New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) corridor.
K9 was created to essentially relieve overcrowding problems on the K6 during weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times and provide a much faster ride between the Fort Totten Metro Station & Northwest Park Apartments.
While K6 would operate all the way between the Fort Totten Metro Station & White Oak Shopping Center, K9 would only operate between the Fort Totten Metro Station & Northwest Park Apartments.
On March 30, 2014, the K9 Metrobus Route was extended north of its original terminus at the Northwest Park Apartments, to the White Oak FDA/FRC Building.
K9 also went through a minor rerouting change during this time to no longer divert off of New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) onto the intersections of Southampton Drive/Northampton Drive, to directly enter into/serve the Northwest Park Apartments.
K9 was instead rerouted to instead remain straight on New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) and only serve the Northwest Park Apartments at adjacent Metrobus Stops on New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650).
On December 22, 2016, K9 went through a minor rerouting change alongside the K6 Metrobus Route, to divert off of New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) onto the intersections of University Boulevard East (MD 193) & Lebanon Street, to serve the newly opened Takoma-Langley Crossroads Transit Center.
As a result of this route change, the former Metrobus Stops at both the intersections of New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) & Lebanon Street and New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650) & University Boulevard East (MD 193) were removed.
The B Line is currently in early planning stages, and is expected to begin operation 2022 between Uptown, Minneapolis and Downtown Saint Paul.
The 1999 Maui Invitational Tournament was an early-season college basketball tournament that was played, for the 16th time, from November 22 to November 24, 1999.
The tournament was played at the Lahaina Civic Center in Maui, Hawaii and was won by the North Carolina Tar Heels.
It continued to serve the inhabitants of the area near Llanelli between 1909 and 1953 and was one of several basic halts opened on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway in Carmarthenshire, Wales ().
The station was opened as Burry Port in 1898 but regular passenger services began on 02 August 1909 by the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway on the Kidwelly and Burry Port section of the line and was closed by the British Transport Commission in 1953 with the last passenger train running on Saturday 19 September 1953.
It was on the southern section of the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway with Pembrey to the north and Burry Port as the termuinus of the passenger line.
The line had been built on the course of an old canal with resulting tight curves, low bridge clearance and a tendency to flooding.
The freight service continued for coal traffic on the Cwmmawr branch to Kidwelly until 1996 by which time the last of the local collieries had closed down and the washery closure followed.
The station had a single short platform, a brick built toilet block and a substantial corrugated iron ticket office and waiting room with a canopy on the northern side of the single line.
The Kidwelly route was used for coal trains, resulting in the lifting of track between Trimsaran Road and Burry Port by 2005.
Burry Port railway station on the West Wales line stood close to the site of the old Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway.
The section of the old line between Burry Port and Craiglon Bridge Halt is now a footpath and the NCN 4 cyclepath.
The structure of Cu(SCN) was determined via powder X-ray diffraction and consists of chains of Cu(NCS) linked together by weak Cu-S-Cu bonds into two-dimensional layers.
Copper(II) thiocyanate can be prepared from the reaction of concentrated solutions of copper(II) and a soluble thiocyanate salt in water, precipitating as a black powder.
Copper(II) thiocyanate, like copper(II) bromide and copper(II) chloride, is a quasi low-dimensional antiferromagnet and it orders at 12K into a conventional Néel ground state.
Paradiancistrus christmasensis, commonly known as the Christmas viviparous brotula, is a species of viviparous brotula native to the waters around Christmas Island and the south-eastern Indian Ocean.
The regular season will run from May 7, 2020 to August 6, 2020, and the playoffs (known as Championship Weekend) will take place on August 14 and 16, 2020. on November 26th the CEBL announced that the Edmonton Stingers will host the 2020 Championship Weekend and they announced that they agreed to a 3 year Partnership.
She serves on the steering group of the Geodiversity Action Plan (UKGAP) and as a Director of the British Federation of Women Graduates.
She moved to the University of Chester in 1994, where she was the first person in the country to be made Professor of Geoconservation in 2005.
She has investigated the role of Local Geodiversity Action Plans (LGAPs) and Regionally Important Geodiversity Sites (RIGS) in driving geoconservation in Wales.
She has been a long time member of the British Federation of Women Graduates, serving as their Coordinator for International Relations.
In 2014 Burek led the agreement of memorandum of understanding between the University of Chester and the British Federation of Women Graduates.
Burek led a study into the public awareness of women scientists across Europe, and found that 1 in 4 people could name no women scientists.
She works to communicate role of women geologists throughout history, and delivered the 2015 British Federation of Women Graduates Sybil Campbell Annual Lecture.
The 1884 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election.
The Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate (DECR) (; until August 2000: Department for External Church Relations, ) is one of the synodal institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Initially, the department had a small staff; along with Metropolitan Nickolas, the first employee of the department was (clerk since May 1946).
This situation is unique in the whole history of the church throughout the world: the key role in the activities of the Church belonged to the department of external relations, which normally should occupy the most modest place.
In the second half of the 1940s, the Department was allocated colossal funds to carry out numerous contacts with the Middle Eastern patriarchates and churches of Europe, including non-Eastern-Orthodox (for example, Anglican).
In accordance with the decision of the Holy Synod of 16 March 1961, the head of the department should always be in the episcopal dignity and a permanent member of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The newsletter gave information on international church contacts, the most significant events concerning the Russian Orthodox Church and other local and non-Eastern-Orthodox churches, as well as reviews of articles published in foreign church periodicals, etc.
To establish in Kiev under the Exarch of Ukraine a branch of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate; 2.
On July 25, 1979, by the decision of the Holy Synod in Leningrad, another branch of the DECR was established under the Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod.
On 31 March 2009, the Holy Synod, at its first meeting under the chairmanship of the newly elected Patriarch Kirill, reformed the DECR, forming new synodal institutions, which were entrusted with certain areas of activity previously dealt with by the DECR.
Dioceses, , metochions, monasteries and stavropegic parishes far abroad, which were previously under the authority of the DECR, were directly subordinated to the Patriarch of Moscow of All Russia; to manage them, the Moscow Patriarchate's Secretariat for Institutions Abroad was created.
In 2011, on the occasion of its 65th anniversary, with funds allocated by the Saint Gregory the Theologian's Charity Foundation, the DECR facade was decorated with a mosaic image of the Blessed Virgin Mary with a omophorion in her hands.
On April 6, 2016, with the blessing of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, the award of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate was established: the medal of St. Mark of Ephesus.
The status and functions of the department are determined by the Charter of the Russian Orthodox Church adopted by the Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000, in particular chapter VIII, and the charter of the department, approved by the Holy Synod in 1992 and amended in 1999 and 2001.
As a senior, Pride caught 41 passes for 848 yards and 13 touchdowns, rushed for 197 yards and three touchdowns, returned three punts for touchdowns and intercepted three passes on defense with one returned for a touchdown.
Pride played in eight games with three starts for the Fighting Irish as a true freshman, making 12 tackles with a fumble recovery.
As a senior, Pride was named All-Independent by Pro Football Focus after making 37 tackles with an interception and five passes defended and holding quarterbacks to a 50.9% completion rate on passes thrown into his coverage.
It is a rare species that flowers in June and July and are used by the local people in northern India for temple offerings and home decorations for a day because it has an unpleasant smell that keeps it from staying inside homes overnight.
The bulb is typically white, long and narrow and forms longs roots that can grow deep into the soil about 60 cm.
In India, this species is limited to three states where there are few wild habitats and a narrow number of lilies: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
In the early 1900s, Elgin T. Gates found this species in the northern region of Pakistan at an elevation of 10,000 feet above sea level in the Hunza valley.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Berlin (; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Federal Republic of Germany.
In East Germany, a Permanent Representative Office was established in East Berlin in 1973, which was elevated to embassy level in 1976.
After the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990, the Indonesian government sought to consolidate its diplomatic missions in the former two countries of East Germany and West Germany.
On 17 January 1991, the embassy in the former East Berlin and the consulate in the former West Berlin were closed.
In 2019, the Indonesian government started plans to build a new chancery that would replace the chancery at the current location on Lehrter Strasse in Berlin.
Like many oak gall wasps, there are two generations per cycle, with one sexual and one asexual, each creating different galls.
The buds and twig develop as normal above the gall, which can presist for years, and growth of the twig can also continue for years.
In 2005 and 2007, ASPAC played in the FIBA Africa Champions Cup with its best result being the 5th place in 2007.
The 2019–20 Houston Baptist Huskies men's basketball team represent Houston Baptist University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Huskies, led by 29th-year head coach Ron Cottrell, play their home games at Sharp Gymnasium in Houston, Texas as members of the Southland Conference.
The 1888 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election.
The 2004 Generali Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Tennis Stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel, Austria and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2004 ATP Tour.
Ottis Elmer Lock (July 28, 1910 - August 15, 1998) was a Texas politician that served in the Texas House of Representatives for District 12, he also served in the Texas Senate for District 3, he was also President pro tempore of the Texas Senate.
He attended high school at Rusk Academy, and attended Stephen F. Austin State University where he graduated with a bachelor of science degree in history and education.
He worked numerous jobs for Laneville Independent School District, during the summer time he would study law at the University of Texas and later passed the bar exam becoming an attorney.
Kareem Orr (born January 2, 1997) is an American football cornerback for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL).
He was promoted to the active roster on October 26, 2019, but was waived two days later and re-signed back to the practice squad.
While the manga is not a one-to-one adaptation of the film, it broadly incorporates its major plot points; Saito has commented that she regards the manga as a more direct story, while the film is more thematic and abstract.
Takai Pouli (born 18 July 2000) is an American Samoan footballer who plays for Vaiala Tongan in the FFAS Senior League, and the American Samoa national team.
Derick Roberson (born November 15, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL).
He was promoted to the active roster on October 19, 2019, but was waived three days later and re-signed back to the practice squad.
On December 22, 2019, in Week 16 against the New Orleans Saints, Roberson recorded his first career sack by sacking quarterback Drew Brees.
Ueli Taulaulelei (born 27 August 1999) is an American Samoan footballer who plays for Pago Youth in the FFAS Senior League, and the American Samoa national team.
Margarete Müller (born 18 February 1931) is a German retired politician who was a member of the State Council of East Germany and, between 1963 and 1989, of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).
Müller resigned along with the entire politburo in 1989 during the Peaceful Revolution, and resigned from the State Council and in January 1990.
Denmark defeated Romania in the Zone A final, and Great Britain defeated Israel in the Zone B final, resulting in both Denmark and Great Britain being promoted to the 1986 World Group.
Born into a conservative family, she obtained her Masters from Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College, Tiruchirapalli in 1974 and joined the Department of Theoretical Physics.
B. Vijayalakshmi's studies explored the topics of relativistic equations of higher spin in external electromagnetic and gravitational fields, looking for ways higher spin theories could be constructed.
It was around 1978 when the Association of Research Scholars of the Madras University was formed and was contributed to by B. Vijayalakshmi.
In 1980 she gave talks at the biannual High Energy Physics Symposium of the Department of Atomic Energy held at the University in Kochi.
Although her health deteriorated due to cancer she published five publications on the relativistic wave equations in external fields and completed her requirements for Ph.D., describing large classes of relativistic equations previously unknown to the scientific community.
After meeting her husband, and marrying in 1978, B. Vijayalakshmi slowly became more involved in communist left movements as time would allow, with her beliefs shifting into atheism.
It was during her studies in quantum mechanics that she was diagnosed with widespread stomach and abdominal cancer, eventually keeping her to a wheelchair, but persisted with her work.
Austin Kaleopa (born 24 November 2001) is an American Samoan footballer who plays for Utulei Youth in the FFAS Senior League, and the American Samoa national team.
Albtransport (also referred to as Old Transport Tirana ) was the state airline of the Socialist People's Republic of Albania .
Primary that was state-owned enterprises for the national interests of civil aviation is responsible, among other things, for air traffic control in Albania and for the handling at Tirana Airport and for its management.
Previously, the country neither civil aircraft still possessed were aviation law requirements for receiving an international scheduled flight operation fulfilled because of Albania until 1989 ICAO joined.
The Albanian government aircraft was used only occasionally on national and international special flights, including to Bucharest , Moscow , Prague and Sofia.
Three other Ilyushin Il-14s, including each one under license from the GDR and Czechoslovakia , acquired the Albanian Air Force in 1971.
Sir William Morton Eden, 7th and 5th Baronet JP DL (4 April 1849 – 20 February 1915) was a British aristocrat and politician.
On his paternal side, he had many prominent relatives including aunt Caroline Eden Parker (wife of Vice-Admiral Hyde Parker), and uncles: the Rt.
Robert Eden (Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness and Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church), Lt. Gen. George Morton Eden, and Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Eden, Second Naval Lord.
After the death of his twenty-year-old uncle, Sir Frederick Eden, 3rd Baronet, in 1814, his then eleven-year-old father (the second son of scholar and social justice advocate Sir Frederick Eden, 2nd Baronet) became the 4th Baronet of Maryland.
The baronetcy of Maryland had been created in 1776 for his great-grandfather, Sir Robert Eden, the last Royal Governor of Maryland.
In 1844, Sir William's father also succeeded as the 6th Baronet of West Auckland after the death of his first cousin once removed, Sir Robert Johnson-Eden, 5th Baronet.
The baronetcy of West Auckland had been created in 1672 for Sir Robert Eden, MP for County Durham, whose father was a Royalist supporter during the English Civil War.
Upon his father's death on 21 October 1873, he became the 7th Baronet of West Auckland and 5th Baronet of Maryland as his elder brother died without male issue before him.
He was also a collector of Impressionists, and owned a chalk drawing of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, -1754, which is today in the collection of the Morgan Library and Museum in New York City.
In 1886, he was married to Sybil Frances Grey (1867–1945), a daughter of Sir William Grey and a member of the famous Grey family of Northumberland.
After the portrait was completed, Eden and Whistler fought over a fair price before the dispute ended up in the press, followed by a court proceeding brought by Eden in Paris in 1895.
Sir William died in London on 20 February 1915, and was succeeded by his eldest son Timothy, who sold Windlestone in 1936.
Through his only surviving daughter, he was a grandfather of Charles Greville, 7th Earl of Warwick, the first British aristocrat to star in a Hollywood movie.
Through his son Timothy, he was a grandfather of John Eden, Baron Eden of Winton (born 1925), a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Bournemouth West.
Milo Tiatia (born 18 February 2002) is an American Samoan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Pago Youth in the FFAS Senior League, and the American Samoa national team.
In 1903, she became the first person to earn a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Toronto, and one of the first two women to earn a Ph.D. from that institution (the other being chemist Clara Benson).
She taught and served as a principal at a number of girls' schools, including Dickenson's Seminary (now Lycoming College) in Pennsylvania, and Presbyterian Ladies' College in Toronto.
For her Ph.D. in philosophy (psychology was considered a subdiscipline of philosophy at the time), Baker worked under the supervision of August Kirschmann, a German-born psychologist who led the psychology laboratory at the University of Toronto.
From 1901 until 1914, Baker worked at Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick, first as the lady principal of the Ladies' College, then as vice-principal of the institution.
From 1914 until her retirement in 1928, she held a professorship in Psychology, Ethics and Economics at the Maryland College for Women in Lutherville, Maryland.
Born to a wealthy family in Gilly, Belgium in 1870, Léonard Misonne was one of many children of Adèle Pirmez and lawyer and industrialist Louis Misonne.
He studied Greek and humanities in Charleroi before going to the Université catholique de Louvain where he got a degree in mining engineering.
Misonne is best known for his atmospheric photographs of landscapes and street scenes, with light as a key feature, and as a pioneer of pictorialism.
He would also retouch the lighting effects in his photographs, experimenting with and using many techniques, such as the Fresson process and later the bromoil and mediobrome processes.
Chris Faamoana, also written as Fa'amoana (born 2 August 2001) is an American Samoan footballer who plays for Pago Youth in the FFAS Senior League, and the American Samoa national team.
Ramos represented Peru at the 2012 South American U-17 Women's Championship and two South American U-20 Women's Championship editions (2014 and 2015).
The Herman T. Schneebeli Federal Building and Courthouse was opened in 1977 and was named after United States Representative Herman T. Schneebeli.
Congress Group is a grove of Giant Sequoias in the Giant Forest region in Sequoia National Park in California, United States.
In 2006, Aguayo was one of four organizers of the Bumbumbox parties, which took place unannounced in the public space of various major cities in South America.
country of Serbia with aim to contribute country's goal of integration into the European Union through the establishment of inclusive and competitive economy.
The period under international economic sanctions (1992-1995), civil war, infrastructure-damaging NATO airstrikes in 1999 resulted in record-breaking hyperinflation and fall of Serbian economy below the levels of 1990.
After the expulsion of Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in September of 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government executed stabilization measurements and initiated market reform program.
Between the years 2001 and 2008, the World Bank provided funds for 32 projects in Serbia with the combined cost of over $1 billion aimed to improve Serbia’s banking, education, energy, public finance, and social sectors.
The WBG contributed to the privatization of several state and socially-owned companies, assisted in the modernization of frontier passages, reformation of the judiciary system, road reconstruction, addressed improvement environment, health, and employment services.
The current Serbia's World Bank Portfolio includes 13 projects in the areas of transport, real estate management/business environment, competitiveness and jobs, health, flood recovery and flood protection, disaster risk management, financial sector reform, public sector modernization (including the digitalization of selected public services and the modernization of tax administration), and early childhood education.
With a total cost of $448 million, the Corridor X is the largest World bank project in Serbia, which commitment to the project is $60 million, while the rest is provided by IBRD.
The purpose of the Corridor X Highway Project is to enhance the capability of traffic transit, increase safety on each part of three sections of corridor X.
It is a portion of the Pan-European network to expedite the connectivity with other parts of Serbia and other European countries.
By the year 2020, the railway part of the corridor will allow trains to travel with a speed of  120-200 km/h.
With the total length of 803 kilometers, Corridor X is the least line from Central Europe to Greece, Turkey, and the Middle East.
With the total cost of US$ 12.17 million, the purpose of the Republic of Serbia Education Improvement Project is to assist the Serbian government in implementing practical education amelioration.
As a result, the Serbian government implemented a law to make it imperative for all schools to prepare school development plans.
The location had been considered as being Kemerton, in the 1980s as a potential aluminium smelter location, but is now considered to be part of Wellesley.
When it was built in 2005, it was rated at 260.9 MW, and received an upgrade to the current capacity in June 2008.
Gas is supplied to the Kemerton Power Station via a 4.94 km lateral branch from the Dampier to Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline.
These are used in a contract with the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) to provide the capability for a black start on the SWIS if needed.
The 2005 FC Rubin Kazan season was the clubs 3rd season in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia.
They finished the season in fourth position, qualifying for the Second Round of 2006–07 UEFA Cup and progressed to the Round 16 in the Russian Cup.
Senate grove is a grove of Giant Sequoias in the Giant Forest region in Sequoia National Park in California, United States.
It was in 1922, that Colonel John R. White, the superintendent of Sequoia National Park, named the Senate trees to honor the United States Senate.
19-year-old Kazakh musician and producer Imanbek Zeykenov remixed the song and released it as a single in 2019 through the Russian label Effective Records without Saint Jhn's involvement.
The spines are arranged in rows, including a row that runs right along the top of each arm, and typically two more rows that run the length of the arms on either side.
This temperature range is cooler than a typical tropical fish tank, so this sea star is not collected for the aquarium trade.
In 2006 Krantz learned that she was related to anthropologist Grover Krantz, who had had spent much of his career writing about and hunting for Sasquatch, after she read an article in the Washington Post.
Through her reporting she came to understand that the search for Sasquatch spoke to important questions about human evolution, conspiracy theories, and the human connection to the natural world.
The Atlantic announced Wild Thing as one of the best podcasts of 2018, largely owing to its gentle handing of a topic that many people view with skepticism.
In addition to the main 9 episodes, season one also includes bonus interviews with well known cryptozoologist Bob Gimlin, director William Dear, Sasquatch hunter Peter Byrne and Bigfoot erotica author Virgina Wade.
Like most Soviet Delta I and Delta II-class submarines that were in service after the Cold War, the submarine was scrapped to comply with new treaties.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Holy See has no relationship with the government of North Korea; in 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un's invitation to Pope Francis to visit North Korea was relayed through South Korean President Moon Jae-in.
He relocated to Amsterdam to work in the JWT office there, but spent much of his time in Moscow working for one of the agency's largest clients.
In 2016, Bradfield relocated from Amsterdam to California to set up WeTransfer's U.S. headquarters in Venice, Los Angeles, closer to the company's core client base.
The Championship has been held annually since 2007 and the winners proceed to represent Scotland at the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship.
The current champions are Gina Aitken and Scott Andrews, who went through the 12-team 2018 Championships undefeated with Duncan Menzies filling in for an injured Andrews.
At the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Championship they finished the round robin with a 6-1 record before losing in the first round of the playoffs to Estonia.
Homer Harris Casteel (born Walnut Grove, Mississippi, April 14, 1879; died December 11, 1958) was an American politician in the state of Mississippi who served as lieutenant governor from 1920-1924.
While Governor Russell was out of state briefly, Casteel issued several controversial pardons; one was challenged in court but was held valid by the Mississippi Supreme Court.
In 1927 he was elected to another term in the state senate, this time from Madison County, and served as senate president pro tem.
He then was appointed to the Tax Commission, serving until 1934, and in 1935 was elected to the Railroad Commission, which was renamed the Public Service Commission at his suggestion.
The Gironde estuary and Pertuis sea Marine Nature Park is a protected area on the Gironde estuary and on the Atlantic coast of the departments Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde, in western France.
The Marine Nature Park covers 6,500 km2 of marine area and encompasses all the Pertuis narrows, estuaries, the Gironde plume and extends off shore to a 50-metre water height.
As the largest estuary in Western Europe, the Gironde is subject to very strong tidal currents and small islands appear and disappear at the whim of the river.
Other main coastal towns are (from north to south): Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Sainte-Marie-de-Ré, La Rochelle, Rochefort, Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron, Le Château-d'Oléron, La Tremblade, Saint-Palais-sur-Mer, Royan, Soulac-sur-Mer, Pauillac.
Marshes, narrows, reed beds, estuaries, foreshores and the Atlantic Ocean form a mosaic of habitats particularly favourable to birds and amphihaline ﬁsh.
Erwin Dain Canham (February 13, 1904 – January 3, 1982) was an American journalist and author; best known for his work as the longest serving editor of the Christian Science Monitor.
He also served as president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and was a member of President Richard Nixon's Commission on Campus Unrest.
Krishna Ahooja-Patel (March 15, 1929 in Amritsar, India – December 27, 2018 near Ottawa, Canada) was an Indian trade unionist, women's rights activist, journalist, and pacifist who worked in various organizations such as the United Nations (UN).
In 1942, the family moved to Bombay (now Mumbai) where, as a 13-year-old student, Krishna heard a speech by Mahatma Gandhi whose ideas deeply impressed her.
From 1962 to 1987 she worked for the International Labor Organization (ILO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, for which she initially worked as a legal adviser in Ethiopia and later moved to Geneva.
In 1974, she represented the ILO at a conference on women and education in Cambridge and was then responsible for the interests of female workers at the ILO.
In the 1990s, Ahooja-Patel was Deputy Director of the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) in the Dominican Republic and President of the Women's World Summit.
In 1995, she traveled  to Beijing with a Peace Movement organized by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) for the Fourth UN World Conference on Women and joined WILPF.
Starting in 2000, Ahooja-Patel and the WILPF worked to translate UN Security Council Resolution 1325 into as many languages as possible to spread it around the world, thereby increasing the pressure on the UN to actually implement the resolution.
In December 2004 she was elected President of the NGO Committee on the Status of Women in Geneva, an umbrella organization belonging to the more than 35 international NGOs.
IN 2005, Ahooja-Patel was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for the Nobel Peace Prize in the framework of the project 1000 Women.
On December 27, 2018, Krishna Ahooja-Patel died after a brief illness in a retirement home near Ottawa, Canada, where she had spent the last few years of her life.
Alphée Saint-Amand (born April 10, 1903 in Sainte-Thècle, Quebec, Canada - died April 20 1983 in Sainte-Thècle) was a mayor and businessman in Quebec.
He was married on 19 September 1922 in the church of Sainte-Thècle in Zénaïde Piché, and he and his wife had nine children, three of whom were born in Abitibi and the others in Sainte-Thècle.
After their marriage, the couple Saint-Amand-Piché left by train in 1923 to settle on a lot of row 10 in Macamic (Chazel sector) in Abitibi, with his brothers: Joséphat, Ernest, Odina, Donat and Albert Saint-Amand.
The couple returns in 1927 to Sainte-Thècle where Alphée St-Amand starts in 1928 a car garage in Sainte-Thècle at the back of the old wood shop Zéphirin Fournier, on the site of the old chapel of the village of below.
In 2017, she signed a contract with Malaysian talent management company, Rocketfuel Entertainment, as one of their new artists making Gilbert as the first regional artist to signed with the Rocketfuel.
Promoter and controversial muckracker Tom Lawson (muckraker) took over the firm and liquidated it after losing a battle with its directors.
In 2017, working at TJL Motorsports, he served as Mike Harmon's crew chief for the Truck Series race at Atlanta Motor Speedway.
He started 30th after finishing 5th of 7 cars in the Last Chance Qualify and finished 17th in the main event.
The Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung (), is a five volume collection of the written works of Mao Zedong ranging from the years 1926-1957.
The collection was first published by the People's Publishing House in 1951, and was later translated into English by the state-owned Foreign Languages Press.
A fifth volume, which included the works of Chairman Mao from 1949-1957, was released during the leadership of Hua Guofeng, but subsequently withdrawn from circulation for its perceived ideological errors.
A number of unauthorized volumes of the Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung have been released, such as Volumes 6-9 which were published in India by the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
During the ten years of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), the People's Publishing House published 870 different editions of Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung (Volumes 1-4), with a total of 325 million paperbacks and 2.55 million hardcover copies of the Chinese editions created.
After the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong Thought became part of the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China.
In May 1950, the Politburo of the Communist Party of China formally decided to establish the Mao Zedong Anthology Editorial Committee, with Liu Shaoqi as its director.
The specific editing work was led by Chen Boda , assisted by Hu Qiaomu and Tian Jiaying, and all compiled manuscripts were revised and authorized for publication by Mao Zedong himself.
The five officially published volumes of the Selected Works include most of the important works by Mao Zedong between the years 1926 to 1949.
The second volume begins with the philisophical work by Mao, On Contradiction and contains writings from the years 1937 to 1938 related to the war against Japan.
Selections discussing military strategy against both the Japanese and the Kuomintang are the subject of the third volume of the selected works, which contains selections from writings released between the years 1939 and 1940.
The fourth volume covers the writings of Mao from the years 1941 to 1945, continuing the discussion of Chinese resistance to the Japanese.
The fifth and final official publication is a selection of writings from the years 1945 to 1949 related to the final years of the Chinese civil war and the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The first volume of the Selected Works included a total of 17 articles ranging from 1925 until the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
The second volume of the Selected Works included a total of 40 articles by Mao Zedong in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
It was formally published and distributed by the People's Publishing House on April 10, 1952, with a price of 25,000 yuan.
The third volume of the Selected Works included 31 articles by Mao Zedong in the late period of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
The fourth volume of the Selected Works included a total of 70 articles by Mao Zedong after the Second Sino-Japanese War and before the founding of the People's Republic of China.
After the publication, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set up a translation room for Mao Zedong's works, which translated the Selected Works four volumes into a variety of foreign languages for publication.
Since then, the translation room has gradually developed into the Document Translation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party .
A fifth book was planned as early as 1960, to include selected writings from the PRC period, but Chairman Mao resisted its production as he felt his essays and speeches on Socialist Construction (1949-1957) were still evolving compared to the views contained in the earlier volumes.
The fifth volume of the Selected Works included 70 articles by Mao Zedong after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The compilation and editing of this volume took ten years due to the Cultural Revolution and Mao Zedong's opposition to the publication of a fifth volume of his works.
A number of unofficial volumes of the Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, specifically Volumes 6-9 were published in India by Karanti Publications, Secunderabad, and Sramikavarga Prachuranalu, Hyderabad.
María Isabel Vásconez Gomezcoello (born 4 June 1990), known as Mayta Vásconez, is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays as a midfielder.
She retired from international football the next year by not being selected for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup despite she was at the time the only female footballer formed in Ecuador who was playing in Europe.
The Thundering West, also known as Trail of the Tumbleweed, is a 1939 American western film directed by Sam Nelson, starring Charles Starrett, and Iris Meredith.
The Redemption Camp is the camp ground and international headquarters of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), a Pentecostal Evangelical mega church in Mowe, Ogun State.
Redemption Camp is the international headquarters of the Redeemed Christian Church of God, and has over 5,000 houses, roads, rubbish collection, police station, hospital, supermarkets, banks, a fun fair, a post office, schools, printing press, redeemed Bible college, a power plant.
He served as Ambassador for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands in the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs.
He spent much of his Foreign Service career in the Asia-Pacific region with senior assignments in Australia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, China, and the Department of Defense Pacific Command.
Additionally, he has served as Chief of the Internal Unit, Economic Section, Embassy of the United States, Beijing (2001-04), Deputy Chief of the Economic Office, American Institute in Taiwan (1998-2001), and Economic Officer in Embassy of the United States, Islamabad (1995-97).
Following a trio of collaborative singles throughout 2019, on August 6, he further reassured fans that he was working on his fourth studio album.
Throughout the first part of the single, Tesfaye sings about returning back to his playboy lifestyle after breaking up with both of them.
The following week, it jumped 31 positions to the number one position on the chart, becoming The Weeknd's fourth number-one single in the United States.
It is as well, the only number-one hit to spend a single week in the top 10 of the Hot 100.
The performance saw The Weeknd descend into the backstage corridors of the Ed Sullivan theatre as the walls of the building bend and shift around him.
Kelly Lynn Loeffler (; born November 27, 1970) is an American businesswoman and politician serving as the junior United States Senator for Georgia since 2020.
A member of the Republican Party, she served as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Bakkt, a subsidiary of commodity and financial service provider Intercontinental Exchange.
On December 4, 2019, Georgia Governor Brian Kemp selected Loeffler as the successor to Senator Johnny Isakson, who announced his intention to retire at the end of 2019 due to health issues.
Loeffler graduated with a Bachelor of Science in marketing from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's Gies College of Business, where she was a member of the Alpha Gamma Delta sorority, in 1992.
Financing her degree with assets inherited from her family, she earned a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in international finance and marketing from DePaul University's Kellstadt Graduate School of Business in 1999.
While the majority of these donations have gone to the Republican Party, some donations have gone to Democrats, including Representative David Scott (GA–13), who received $10,200.
She briefly expressed interest in seeking the Republican nomination in the 2014 United States Senate election in Georgia, but ultimately passed on the race because of Intercontinental Exchange's pending merger with the New York Stock Exchange.
In November 2019, Loeffler applied to succeed incumbent Senator Johnny Isakson, who had announced his resignation from the United States Senate, effective December 31, for health reasons, after being re-elected in 2016.
If no candidate successfully earns over 50% of the vote, the top two finishers will participate in a runoff election next January.
Among others, Loeffler will face Doug Collins, a Republican who currently represents Georgia's 9th congressional district in the House of Representatives.
Loeffler's candidacy is backed by the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC), the campaign arm for Senate Republicans, as well as several senior Republicans in the Senate.
They reside in Tuxedo Park, Atlanta, in a $10.5 million estate named Descante, bought in the most expensive real estate transaction ever recorded in Atlanta.
He co-owns the South by Southwest festival, which he co-created with Roland Swenson, Louis Black and Louis Jay Meyers in 1987.
Barbaro is the son of Marilyn Buferd (Miss America 1946) and Francesco Barbaro, a WWII Italian submarine commander, movie agent and producer.
She is the Charles Horace Mayo Professor of Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Director of the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and chief of the Division of Nephrology.
She attended the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, where she received the Carl W. Gottschalk Research Scholar Award from the American Society of Nephrology, and completed her post-doctoral fellowship at the Yale School of Medicine.
In 1997, Quaggin returned to Toronto to study developmental biology with Janet Rossant at the Lunenfeld Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital.
It was during her lab research with Rossant that she discovered a gene critical for the development of the kidneys, heart and lungs.
Quaggin accepted a faculty position at the University of Toronto, where she would spend 13 years as a senior scientist at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, a nephrologist at St. Michael’s Hospital, and the Gabor-Zellerman Professor in renal medicine.
In 2006, she was named a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Vascular Biology, which granted her $500,000 over 5 years.
Two years later, Quaggin and Laura Barison discovered that VEGF inhibitors, an antibody used to treat many forms of cancer, was causing renal failure.
The next year, Quaggin was the recipient of the 2009 KFOC Medal for Research Excellence by the Kidney Foundation of Canada.
In 2011, Quaggin was appointed the Gabor-Zellerman Chair in Renal Research in the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto and Deputy Editor and for Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
She was eventually appointed the Charles Horace Mayo Professor of Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and as Director of the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and chief of the Division of Nephrology.
At the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Quaggin and Amani Fawzi discovered a cause of glaucoma in animals and began developing an eye drop aimed at curing the disease.
She also received the Alfred Newton Richards Award for basic science research in the field by the International Society of Nephrology.
In 2015, she was appointed the American Society of Nephrology’s Councilor until 2022, sat on their Public Policy Board, and their and Blood and Lymphatic Development of the Kidney Board.
The Blueberry mosaic associated ophiovirus (B1MaV) is a plant virus which infects blueberry plants, causing a discoloration of the leaves of the plants in a mosaic-like pattern.
The disease is found in blueberry plants in many regions of North America, as well as South America, Europe, New Zealand, and South Africa.
It also has a non-enveloped protein capsid that is capable of coiling around itself allowing for a super-coiled structure and the helical symmetry.
The virus has the potential to be symptomatic or asymptomatic within plants causing the display of symptoms in only a few plants, but the ability to transmit the virus unknowingly in many plants.
When a plant is initially infected with the virus the plant will often display a symptom-free period, meaning there is long latent period between viral infection and symptom appearance.
The virus can also become dormant in some areas of the plant and expressed in others, causing some leaves to display symptoms and others to be asymptomatic.
When a blueberry plant begins to show symptoms of infection by B1MaV a mild to severe mottle and mosaic patterns on foliage appears.
The infection also causes late ripening of fruit, reduced yield of the crop, and poor quality of the berries, as the virus spreads throughout the plant and begins affecting cellular mechanisms.
The virus does not kill the plant, however, rather it just affects the quality and quantity of fruit produced by the plant.
It is a naked filamentous nucleocapsid that can form circles making the open form of the virus or can form a pseudo-linear duplex form that forms the collapsed form of the virus.
The nucleocapsid is 3 nm in diameter and 700 to 2000 nm long, pseudo-linear duplex are about 9-10 nm in diameter.
The genome is a linear segmented genome that is 11,467 nucleotides long and is composed of three negative single strand RNA sequences.
The proteins encoded include a 23 kDa protein that has an unknown function and a 272 kDa RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) replicase.
RNA 2 encodes for a 58 kDa movement protein that is thought to also be involved in the suppression of post transcriptional gene silencing.
The 5’ terminal sequences are not conserved between RNA transmissions, but all of the 5’ termini fold into conserved stem-loop structures.
These structures are likely involved in packaging of the genomic RNAs into their capsid or in long-distance interactions for transcription and translation.
The movement proteins that the virus encodes in RNA 2, often effect cellular mechanisms for transport to distant tissues in the plant.
There are several proteins produced by the viral mRNA in transcription and translation that affect the host cells processes, making a more suitable environment for viral replication and transcription.
It also is involved in suppression in post translational gene silencing of cellular genes, therefore preventing the silencing of some cellular genes causing consequent expression and the effects of these expressed genes.
The virus is transmissible via grafting, meaning that when an infected plant is joined with a noninfected plant to promote continued growth of the plant, the infected plant spreads the virus to the once noninfected plant.
The virus can further spread to new growing areas accidentally by plant nurseries since blueberries are reproduced asexually and asymptomatic blueberry plants may be used.
Since the viral genome is three segmented negative RNA strands, there is the possibility for re-assortment of genetic segments between B1MaV and other segmented viruses infecting the same plant, leading to possible further transmission of the virus by other means.
Some characteristic symptoms of the disease include bark scaling in the trunk and main branches of an adult plant as well as internal staining in the underlying wood.
The main cytopathic changes of the infected cells are the presence of a large number of abnormal chloroplasts, as well as mitochondria and cellular abnormalities.
Just as in B1MaV, CpsV is graft transmissible and also appears to remain asymptomatic for the first several years of infection.
As with B1MaV, the lettuce ring necrosis virus spreads via soil transmission through fungal zoospores, and the symptoms in the plant often do not appear for several weeks to months after infection.
He departed his position there in 2010 in part because of a dispute about the tone of his review of a William Eggleston exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
He has an ongoing series related to a set of found moldy 35mm slides and has exhibited throughout Los Angeles at art spaces including Jancar Gallery, Los Angeles Valley College Art Gallery .
Erencan Yardımcı (born 4 February 2002) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Turkish club Galatasaray in the Süper Lig.
Yardımcı made his professional debut for Galatasaray in the 1-1 UEFA Champions League tie with Club Brugge KV on 26 November 2019.
The dune is located in a protected area, part of the Dagestan Nature Reserve, which was established on 9 January 1987.
Sarykum is the highest dune of the Sarykumskye Barchany () dune area, which extends below the northern slopes of the Narat-Tyube Range ().
From 2003 Nikolay Kuznetsov has been working in St. Petersburg University and now he is Professor and Head of the Department of Applied Cybernetics there.
In 2018 and 2020, the research group chaired by Prof. Kuznetsov was awarded the status of the Leading Scientific School (Center of Excellence) of Russia in the field of mathematics and mechanics.
Since 2018, Prof. Kuznetsov is Head of the Laboratory of information and control systems at the Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Science.
then as a part-time professor at the IT Faculty: from 2014 he is Adjunct Docent and from 2017 – Visiting Professor.
In his works, a combination of rigorous analytical and reliable numerical methods allowed for both the advancement in solving previously known fundamental unsolved problems as well as the development of modern engineering technologies.
This species is present in most of Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, European Turkey, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Republic of North Macedonia, Moldova, Northwest European Russia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia).
They have three bright calluses at the base of a rather rounded the scutellum, that shows at the lower end a whitish sickle shape marking.
It owns Kingsbridge Private Hospital in Belfast, St. Joseph's Hospital, Sligo, the Cosmetech cosmetic surgery business and the l Private GP service at their Maypole Clinic in Holywood.
It took over a clinic for Bupa in 2018 which provides health screening, private GP services and muscle and joint assessment.
In November 2019 it opened a new £1 million six-bed ward at Kingsbridge Private Hospital and plans to increase patient capacity by 30% and take on 30 new staff.
This expansion is driven by increasing waiting times for surgery in the Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland and is financed by a £5 million investment by the Foresight Group, which is represented on the board of directors.
Agricultural engineer from the Ecole nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, he was admitted to the Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) in 1960 in the tropical botany section where he remained until 1986, successively in charge, master then research director during his assignments in Madagascar (12 years) and New Caledonia (9 years).
After obtaining a PhD from the University of Paris-Sud in 1972 on the origin of the savannas of south-western Madagascar, he turned his attention to taxonomy and phytogeography.
Appointed Professor at the National Museum of Natural History and Director of the Phanerogamy Laboratory in 1986, he is also in charge of the National Herbarium.
Inventories and taxonomic studies of tropical plant biodiversity on islands in the Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, Aldabra, Farquhar) and the Southern Pacific (New Caledonia, Vanuatu, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna).
Development of a GIS and an evolving taxonomic reference system in the form of a database that has been widely used to date.
The station lies on the 312 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge Lumding–Sabroom railway line which comes under the Lumding railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.
The 1995 World Cup of Golf took place 9–12 November at the Mission Hills Golf Club in Shenzen, Dongguan, Guandong, China.
The United States team of Fred Couples and Davis Love won, for a record fourth time in a row with the same players in the team, by 12 strokes over the Australia team of Brett Ogle and Robert Allenby.
Esther 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter contains the effort to deal with the irreversible decree against the Jews now that Haman is dead and Mordecai is elevated to the position of prime minister.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
The death of Haman does not change the fact that the irreversible decree to destroy the Jews, written in the king's name and sealed with his ring (), still stands.
The second part of verse 2 displays a shift of the focus to Esther, as she is now the one who makes decisions.
The change of tone of Esther's petition before the king indicates her awareness that the gift of Haman's house to her and the signet ring to Mordecai won't do any good after the thirteenth of Adar as long as the decree to annihilate the Jews still stands.
Esther used the same two terms — 'people' and 'kindred' as she reversed the act of concealing her identity previously in , when she entered the harem.
The narrative starts with an elaborate description of the system to dispatch the letters conveying the solutions (verses 9–10), then of the content which reveals Mordecai's ingenious ploy: a second decree without contradicting the first one but effectively annulling it by authorizing the Jews to defend themselves against those executing the first decree (verse 11).
Both Jews and non-Jews throughout the empire saw the second decree as a bloodless victory for the Jewish cause and the Jews were clearly perceived to have the upper hand that many non-Jews spontaneously converted to Judaism (verse 17).
Zaré Thalberg, born Ethel Western, (April 16, 1858 – 1915) was a British operatic singer and actress who was thought at one time to have been born in Greece.
Her name was Ethel Western and she took the name of Thalberg after taking singing lessons from the pianist Sigismond Thalberg.
However, she joined Edwin Booth as an actress in the United States and did not return to England until the 1890s.
The Irving Society offer no rationale as to why he should have been carrying her photo as there is no evidence that they did (or did not) know each other.
Muller became involved in the trade with Africa through his partner, and later brother-in-law, Huibert van Rijckevorsel in 1851 and his future father-in-law the Rotterdam-based merchant and politician .
He was elected member of the City Council of Rotterdam between 1873-1885, of the Provincial States of South Holland from 1887-1881, and the Dutch Senate from 1881 to 1898.
Antigua and Barbuda is scheduled to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo from 24 July to 9 August 2020.
Elodie Picard made her debut for the Belgium 'Red Panthers' in 2018 during a test series against Argentina in Buenos Aires.
The 2019 Magyar Kupa Final was the final match of the 2018–19 Magyar Kupa, played between Budapest Honvéd and MOL Fehérvár on 25 May 2019 at the Groupama Arena in Budapest, Hungary.
Bab Guissa (sometimes spelled Bab Gisa) is the main northwestern gate of Fes el Bali, the old walled city of Fes, Morocco.
Both brothers were likely responsible for building those gates, and so Bab Guissa was likely built around 1059-61, when the thes two emirs were in power.
Soon after, the two cities were definitively joined into a single city with a single set of walls by the Almoravids, who conquered the city in 1069.
These were destroyed in 1145 by the Almohad conqueror Abd al-Mu'min and then rebuilt by one of his successors, Muhammad al-Nasir, in 1212.
The current gate is believed to date essentially from Muhammad al-Nasir's construction, making it one of the oldest preserved gates in the city along with Bab Mahrouk (also from the same period).
Nonetheless, after the Almohads, the gate was restored by the Marinid sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub in the 13th century and was repaired or rebuilt in the 18th century after the destruction of the 1755 earthquake.
The original monumental gate, still standing, has a bent entrance; its internal passage turns 90 degrees as it enters the city.
An opening has since been created besides the gate to allow more direct passage, most likely in the early 20th century.
The modest decoration on the original gate, made of stucco or plaster and likely dating from restorations, consists blind arches along the inner passage and the outline of a blind polylobed arch on the outer facade inside a rectangular, slightly canopied, frame.
The area of Bab Guissa was historically known for a bird market as well as for the pulbic performances of popular storytellers.
Just inside the gate is the Bab Guissa Mosque and its adjoining madrasa, one of the important historic religious institutions of the city.
Like with the other main gates of the old city (Bab Ftouh and Bab Mahrouk), a large cemetery stretches outside the city walls near the gate, known as the Bab Guissa Cemetery.
Though not quite as extensive as the other two, the cemetery is also overlooked by the Marinid Tombs, a ruined Marinid royal necropolis from the 14th century.
TOI 1338 is a binary star system, discovered by TESS, and TESS's first binary system confirmed to contain a planet, called a circumbinary planet.
He had to sell his gold medal that he received as his recognition as National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist in 2010 for his daughter's marrige expenses.
The 2020–21 network television schedule for the five major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States will cover the prime time hours from September 2020 to August 2021.
The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series canceled after the 2019–20 television season.
PBS is not included, as member television stations have local flexibility over most of their schedules and broadcast times for network shows may vary.
In 2012 Scott started modeling for local clothing lines in New Orleans to gain experience within the industry including taking part in local fashion shows.
Following a move to California he took the opportunity to work with Black Pyramid, becoming a brand ambassador for Chris Browns clothing brand.
The name for his own brand came along due him wanting to add French wording as New Orleans has its French roots.
Through hosting such big events Romalis met social media influencers @danrue & @nicknpattiwhack pushing them to be on MTV wild n out, getting them multiple deals with fashion such as nova men.
Edward Bonaventure was an English ship that was forced to seek shelter on the north coast of Russia due to weather conditions, leading to its crew coming into contact with the court of Ivan the Terrible, the forming of the Muscovy Company, and diplomatic contacts between Elizabeth I of England and Ivan of Russia.
Arlette Nougarède, wife Lance, born in 1930 in Narbonne, is a cell biologist specializing in plant development from embryogenesis to flowering.
After her graduate studies in Paris, she obtained, at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS, 1952), a DES, prepared under the direction of Professor Roger Buvat.
Pilet (Switzerland), C. Sterling (USA), S. Tepfer (USA), D. Francis (England), N. Bagni (Italy), who have come for collaborative work or to adapt to their equipment the new technologies developed in the team.
After her retirement, Arlette Nougarède continues her activities in the laboratory of Professor Dominique Chriqui (proofreading of theses, critical review of articles, participation in various juries and commissions, including the Neology and Terminology Commission of the French Academy of sciences).
Arlette Nougarède's research focuses on the primary meristems of higher plants (structural and ultrastructural cytology; cytochemistry, DNA, RNA, proteins; functioning, cell cycle).
After simple mitosis surveys for the vegetative point of Bean, quantitative methods are gradually being used to estimate mean cell, nuclear, nucleolar volumes and to evaluate mitotic and labelling indices, after incorporation, by the meristem, of tritiated precursors of DNA and RNA synthesis.
For vegetative caulinary meristem, the notion of 3-component zonation is defended (axial apical zone, reserved territory, lateral leaf initiating zone, medullary meristem giving the pith), defined on cytological and functional criteria.
The total duration of the cell cycle, in hours, and that of its phases (G1,S,G2,M) show that the axial apical zone has the longest cycle, the lateral zone the shortest cycle and the medullary meristem a cycle of intermediate duration.
In this cycle, the duration of mitosis, M, is not very variable, depending on the zone, and the same is true for synthesis, S, and postsynthesis, G2.
Only the presynthesis phase G1, by its lengthening in the axial zone, its shortening in the lateral zone and, to a lesser degree, in the medullary meristem, ensures the control of proliferation in the vegetative meristem.
There is evidence that the meristem of preferred or strict photoperiodic plants, constantly subjected to light conditions unfavourable to their flowering, evolves towards a new phase: the intermediate phase which is a preparation for flowering for preferred plants with increased yield, an ontogenic dead end for strict plants if favourable light conditions are not received.
The following pre-flowering phase is characterized by the reactivation of the axial apical zone, the cessation of foliar initiation and the rapid differentiation of the cells of the medullary meristem.
The quantitative and/or qualitative changes in polypeptides and the time at which they occur are specified for each of the phases of development and during initiation of the floral organs.
The cell cycle is stopped at G1 in the meristem of dormant buds, in that of the embryo contained in the seed or in the cotyledonary bud of the fully inhibited Pea.
Arlette Nougarède shows, on the Pea model, that there is an increasing gradient of inhibition from the buds located in the axils of the youngest leaves to the cotyledonal bud; the events related to the reactivation of the buds are examined.
The very first data on the mechanism of the geotropic reaction are acquired - after experiments on starch lysis of statenchyma amyloplasts and - microsurgery of the cuff and meristem.
It has been proven that the cap amyloplasts are the geoperceptors and that the curvature of the root, placed in a horizontal position, is achieved in the zone of maximum elongation by growth asymmetry on both sides of the root under the control of an inhibitor from the cap.
Arlette Nougarède and her team identify, in the whole plant, regions of constant localization, differentiated into G1 and which possess organogenic capacities that neighbouring cells, which have become polyploid, have lost.
In the 20th century, histocytology and ontogenic examination made it possible to understand how plant meristems regularly form cells that differentiate into organ building tissues.
In the 21st century, molecular biology and mutants are bringing new ideas that will be able to solve still unanswered problems.
Born in Ried im Innkreis, Voglmayr got his first flute lessons at the age of 8, from 1978 with Helmut Trawöger at the Landesmusikschule Grieskirchen and 4 years later he studied with Wolfgang Schulz at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna.
In 1987 he was first flutist of the Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester under Claudio Abbado and Franz Welser-Möst as well as with the stage orchestra of the Austrian Federal Theatres.
As a chamber musician, Voglmayr has played in various ensembles such as the Vienna Chamber Orchestra and the Zurich Chamber Orchestra, the and the Stockholm Sinfonietta.
The book was translated into Portuguese by Manuel da Assumpção and the translated book was published by Fransisco Da Silva from Lisbon in 1743.
It's developed by Fraunhofer IIS and Ericsson as the successor of the SBC codec providing higher quality according to subjective testing by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.
He was a member of the important van Kessel family of artists, which was related by marriage to the Brueghel family of artists.
His father was the son of the prominent painter Jan van Kessel the Elder and a brother of the painters Jan van Kessel the Younger and Ferdinand van Kessel.
Through his grandfather Jan van Kessel the Elder he was related to the Brueghel family of artists as his great grandfather Hieronymus van Kessel the Younger was married to Paschasia Brueghel who was the daughter of Jan Brueghel the Elder).
Father Thomas van Kessel had not chosen an artistic career like his own father and brothers but had become a notary in Antwerp.
Jan Thomas, on the other hand, chose to follow in the footsteps of many members of his family who had become artists.
In the guild year running from 18 September 1691 to 18 September 1692 he was registered as a pupil of Peter Ykens in the registers of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke.
When his master Peter Ykens died in 1695, it is believed that he continued his studies with his uncle Ferdinand van Kessel in Breda where Ferdinand was working on a commission.
Teniers had been an important innovator of genre painting through his vivid depictions of peasants, soldiers and other 'lower class' individuals, whom he showed engaged in drinking, smoking, card or dice playing, fighting, music making etc.
Van Kessel often depicted similar subject matter as Teniers such as in the (1701, Piasa (Paris) auction of 22 July 2007, lot 57) and the (Packwood House, Warwickshire).
Marandi took interim responsibility of Dinajpur religion state in 1965 but due to the Indo-Pak War he faced some difficulties in conducting missionary work in that place.
On 21 April 1971 an army jeep appeared in front of the Mission and four soldiers got down from the jeep.
Hansda's wife Chunibala Hansda is a former member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and their daughter Birbaha Hansda is a Santali film actress.
Hansda was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly as a Jharkhand Party candidate from Binpur in 1991.
He was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly as a Jharkhand Party candidate from Binpur in 1996.
Hansda's husband Naren Hansda was a legislator of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and their daughter Birbaha Hansda is a Santali film actress.
Ana Diaz grew up with a Finnish-born mother and a Spanish-born father in Bäckby, Västerås, where she early developed her interest in music.
Ana's grandparents are from the Málaga province in Spain and lived as touring musicians and composers, including in Cuba together with legends such as Benny Gooman and Louis Armstrong.
After a period of much searching, junk jobs, depression problems and with a view to a dentist education, in 2010 she was contracted as songwriter for the music publisher Sony/ATV Music Publishing.
Diaz dropped out of education and began an intensive period as an international songwriter, in Stockholm, Nashville, London and Los Angeles.
Ana Diaz has collaborated with and written songs for foreign artists such as Britney Spears, One Direction, Christina Grimmie, Wyclef Jean, Markus Schultz, David Guetta, Sounwave, Rami Yacoub, Fred Ball, Jennifer Lopez, William Orbit, Astrid S, Alexandra Burke and Swedish artists such as Andreas Kleerup, Daniel Boyacioglu, Loreen, Agnes, Zara Larsson, Sabina Ddumba, Daniel Adams-Ray, Petra Marklund, Marcus Price, Oskar Linnros and Petter.
After struggling for years with anxiety, depression and her unwillingness to stand in the limelight herself, in 2015 she decided to also invest in her own artist career with songs written for the first time in Swedish.
In the films, the two musicians traveled around in a Volvo XC40 to 3 cities in Europe (Amsterdam, Berlin and Stockholm) to explore music and the cultural scene in parallel with composing one song per city.
Afterwards he studied botany, zoology, geology as well as prehistory and early history at the University of Bern and then wood biology at the ETH Zurich.
At WSL, Fritz Schweingruber built the Northern Hemisphere dendroclimatological data network in collaboration with Keith Briffa from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit in Norwich, Eugen Vaganov Siberian Federal University in Krasnoyarsk and Stepan Shiyatov Ural Federal University in Ekaterinburg.
After his retirement in 2001, he pursued his research as a guest researcher at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, with a focus on the taxonomic-anatomical-dendrochronological analysis of herbs and dwarf shrubs.
One of his most important projects was the dating and anatomy of high mountain plants in the Alps and the Himalayas.
It was opened on 19 July 2006 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Capuchinos and Zona Rental.
He was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to fill Associate Justice Diosdado Peralta's position, which Peralta abandoned after being appointed Chief Justice also by Duterte.
Gaerlan served as a Public Attorneys' Office lawyer before becoming a municipal trial court judge in Bangar, La Union and later as a regional trial court judge in Branch 26 of San Fernando, La Union and Branch 92 of Quezon City.
On January 8, 2020, Gaerlan bested 5 others who made it to the shortlist and was appointed to the court to fill the seat vacated by Diosdado Peralta.
She then describes her childhood as an impoverished refugee in the years when the new Jewish state had too few resources to provide more than the most basic housing to the many refugees expelled from their homes in Europe and the Muslim world.
The memoir is beloved partly for Shteiner's luminous memory of the Sabbaths of her childhood, with the entire family dressed in their Sabbath clothes, seeing her mother light the Sabbath candles, and walking with her father to pray at the Hurva Synagogue.
Shteiner and her husband Rabbi Chaim Shteiner, a leading rabbi at Yeshivat Merkaz HaRav, were among the first Jewish couples to move into one of the refurbished homes in the Old City following the Six Day War of 1967.
He came into contact with Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Kalika Ranjan Kanungo, Nalini Kanta Bhattasali, Mohitlal Majumdar, Charuchandra Bandopadhyay and Muhammad Shahidullah.
There were a number of pubs located within Tilery such as the Wild Ox and the Blue Nile which have now closed.
The Guardian newspaper described the area as the most deprived ward in Stockton-on-Tees, saying the estate is plagued by high unemployment, low pay and poor health.
Neil Maxwell who was one of the residents featured in the Benefits Street show was jailed for life in 2019 with a minimum term of 30 years as a result of the murder of Lee Cooper.
The list of Uruguayan footballers in Serie A records the association football players from Uruguay who have appeared at least once for a team in the Italian Serie A.
A Teacher is an upcoming American drama television miniseries starring Kate Mara & Nick Robinson set to premiere on Hulu in 2020.
A Teacher explores the story behind the mugshot of a female high school teacher caught in an affair with her male student, revealing the complexities and consequences of these illegal relationships.
In August 2018, it was announced Kate Mara & Nick Robinson would co-star in the series with Mara also serving as an executive producer, while Fidell will also direct the series, set up at FX instead of HBO.
Following the completion of the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney in March 2019, The Walt Disney Company became the majority stakeholders of Hulu and with FX becoming one of the assets acquired through the purchase.
Sugar Rush is a 2019 Nigerian action comedy film written by Jadesola Osiberu and Bunmi Ajakaiye, and directed by Kayode Kasum.
Despite the mixed reviews, the film became a box office success and became the fifth highest grossing Nigerian film for the year 2019.
In next couple of days, they spend the entire money only to meet their waterloo when mafias come to claim the stake of the money.
The film grossed ₦40 million in the opening weekend since the Christmas release and become the fifth highest grossing Nollywood film in 2019 with ₦58.76 million.
When St. Barnabas' Church, Dublin on Sherrif Street closed in 1965, it was merged with North Strand, the North Strand parish was merged many years earlier in 1896 with Drumcondra Church, and both Churches now serve the combined parishes.
The foundation stone for a new Episcopal Chapel on North Strand site was laid on September 7, 1836 by Rev Charles Henry Minchin, the architect was Joseph Welland.
In the nineteenth century, the Church would have considered and referred to as an Episcopal Chapel, with a number of clery on the evangelical wing involved in the church, including Rev.
The Church contains memorials to parishioners lost in the Great War, and the Roll of Honour form it, it also contains the Roll of Honour from St. Barnabas parish from the Great war.
Wendy Marina Villón Mercado (born 9 May 1978) is an Ecuadorian football manager and former player, who played as a midfielder.
It is a 2.4 million sq ft development consisting of commercial buildings, student residential, private rented residential, retail and leisure space and a large public realm.
The site was acquired by Bruntwood in March 2015 with plans to transform the site into a commercially led mixed-use development scheme.
Following approval of the masterplan by Manchester City Council, Vita Group was chosen as joint venture partner to deliver the residential element of the scheme.
The second phase of development will include the completion of the first of the two Vita Living buildings in September 2020, with the final building due for completion in April 2021.
This is planned to be the size of a football pitch and will include 187 semi-mature trees and over 1,000 plants, flowers and shrubs.
Plans have recently been submitted for the development of a third commercial building, No.3 Circle Square, which will stand at 12 storeys.
She received media attention when she became the first female match official at a top-division men's match in Scotland in 2014.
Raised in Baillieston, Cockburn had ambitions to be a football player when young, and was involved in the Scotland women's national football team at youth level while playing in the Scottish Women's Premier League including a spell at Hibernian.
Having officiated at women's domestic matches, and in the early stages of the UEFA Women's Champions League from 2012, her appointments in the men's Scottish Professional Football League lower divisions commenced at the start of the 2013–14 season.
By the end of that campaign, her performances were considered good enough for her to run the line in a Scottish Premiership fixture between Hearts and St Mirren, making history as the first female official to be involved in a men's top-tier match in Scotland (Morag Pirie had set several other milestones during the previous decade).
At that time, Cockburn was still appointed to minor leagues such as in the Juniors, but over the subsequent years took part in an increasing number of top level league matches in Scotland as well as relegation playoffs, in the later stages of the Women's Champions League, and FIFA Women's World Cup qualification and UEFA Women's Championship qualification matches at international level.
She was among the assistants selected for the 2016 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship in Slovakia, 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan and the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Uruguay, and in December 2018 was selected for the upcoming 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France the following June, the only Scottish official to be involved.
Song graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 2013 and from the California Institute of the Arts in 2016 with a Master in Experimental Animation.
He served as bishop of the Apostolic Vicariate of Chaco Paraguayo, Paraguay, from 1988 to 2003 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Concepción en Paraguay, Paraguay, from 2003 to 2013.
Real Sporting de Gijón Promesas was a Spanish football club based in Gijón, in the autonomous community of Asturias, that acted as the second reserve team of Sporting de Gijón.
Founded in 1975 as the club's second reserve team, it compited until 1981 achieving two promotions in its two first seasons.
The county, and particularly Phenix City, had become lawless and Persons lost faith in the local law enforcement who had been implicated in illegal gambling syndicates, political corruption and the murder of Albert Patterson, the Democratic Party's nominee for Attorney General of Alabama.
Under the martial law proclamation, the city police department and county sheriff's office stood down and their duties were assumed by the Alabama National Guard.
The national guard, under Major General Walter J. Hanna, took steps to disarm the citizenry, close down gambling establishments and businesses serving alcohol.
After an investigation by the state's acting Attorney General, Russell County's chief deputy sheriff was convicted for the murder of Patterson.
Phenix City had for decades been reliant upon brothels, liquor shops and gambling houses which catered to the nearby Fort Benning.
1954 saw elections for the Attorney General of Alabama and Phenix City resident and lawyer Albert Patterson ran a campaign for the Democratic Party nomination on a platform of ridding the city of crime.
Despite voting irregularities, he won the primary election but was assassinated by shooting shortly afterwards on June 18, 1954, near his offices in Phenix City.
Patterson's murder caused unrest in Phenix with the Citizen's Betterment Association informing governor Gordon Persons that the city was on the verge of anarchy.
Persons immediately ordered the state-controlled Alabama Highway Patrol into the city and requested federal assistance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation on the reasoning that the murderer could have crossed state lines into Georgia.
Persons also ordered Major General Walter J. Hanna, Adjutant General of the Alabama National Guard, to the city to assess whether troops were needed to keep the peace.
Hanna arrived in Phenix City in the early morning of June 19 with command over a number of local troops and those brought from elsewhere in the state.
In theory there to assist the local law enforcement, he soon came to distrust them and suspect their involvement in illegal activities.
Hanna issued orders that all gambling was to cease and two days later led a force of state highway patrolmen and national guard on raids that seized almost 100 illegal gambling devices.
This unit determined that city police and county deputies were watching the guard's movements and tipping off gangsters as to the raids.
We uncovered 28 murders that had taken place in the previous four years, without even an indictment, much less a conviction.
On July 22, 1954, after liaising with President Dwight D Eisenhower and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, the governor proclaimed limited martial law in the city, allowing the national guard to take over law enforcement duties in Russell County.
Press reported that the national guard, armed with machine guns, shotguns and carbines, entered the sheriff's office and police department to disarm local law enforcement and confiscate their badges.
Hanna voided all weapons permits and by July 23 the troops had confiscated 40 pistols and a submachine gun from the citizenry.
Also on July 23, guardsmen checked every beer and liquor licensed establishment in the city as they had been known to be frequently flouted.
Starting on July 24, Hanna ordered three days of raids on gambling establishments, gathering almost 500 indictments for a newly reformed grand jury.
Two weeks after the implementation of martial law, the mayor was jailed for neglecting his duties and the city was administered by a group of military personnel chosen by Hanna.
In November 1954, by which time order in the city had been restored, the first free elections in decades were held in Phenix City with armed guardsmen at each ballot box and supervising the count.
The investigation into Patterson's murder and other crimes in the city was carried out by Alabama's acting Attorney General Bernard Sykes Jr. with a staff of civilian investigators and attorneys; the Attorney General Si Garrett having checked into a mental hospital.
Under his direction, a grand jury issued more than 2,500 subpoenas and returned 759 indictments on more than 150 individuals, at that time a record for any grand jury in Alabama.
Russel County's chief deputy sheriff, Albert Fuller, the Phenix City circuit solicitor (now known as a district attorney) Walter Jones, and convalescing attorney general Garrett were indicted for Patterson's murder.
Fuller was found guilty and sentenced to a life term; Jones was acquitted and Garrett, who remained in hospital, was never brought to trial.
The incident was, at the time, the only instance of martial law being declared in a US city since the Reconstruction era that was not for reasons of civil unrest or natural disaster.
John Malcolm Patterson, the son of Albert, was elected Alabama's Attorney General in his father's stead in 1955 and held the post until 1959 when he became governor.
General Hanna directed a national guard officer, Major Hershel Finney, to write a history of the guard's activities in Phenix City.
The troops involved were under the command of Major General Walter J Hanna, Adjutant General of the Alabama National Guard and numbered around 500 personnel at any given time.
The troops were drawn mainly from the Alabama Army National Guard but some units of the Alabama Air National Guard were also used.
As part of the operation, Phenix City was declared off-limits to US Army personnel stationed at Fort Benning and additional military police were stationed on the 14th Street and Dillingham bridges to prevent a breach of this order.
The Phenix City Civil Disturbance Medal was awarded to civilian and military personnel for service during the period of June 18, 1954 to January 17, 1955 and was awarded to approximately 600 national guardsmen.
The 2020 Paris–Nice is a road cycling stage race that will be held between 8 and 15 March 2020 in France.
General elections were held on Ascension Island on 26 September 2019 to elect the Island Council, following the dissolution of the previous Council on 1 September.
If there are eight or more candidates, seven members would be elected; if there were fewer than eight candidates, only five would be elected.
Toby S. James (born 1979), is a professor of political science and public policy at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom.
James is known for his work on the delivery and management of elections, but also on political leadership and the policy process.
James was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of York, and worked at the Library of Congress, University of Swansea, and Sydney University, before joining the University of East Anglia.
Writing about the history of reform in the UK, Ireland and the USA, he argued that politicians often try to reform how elections are run to maximise political interest, but this would depend on whether nature of the political system.
The book then provided a method for assessing the delivery of elections, a new method for identifying who was responsible for running elections and the ways in which running elections could be improved.
His work involved interviewing leaders such as Tony Blair, Nick Clegg and William Hague to assess the theory, which were serialised in British newspapers before the analysis was published in an academic journal.
He was the founding adviser to the UK All Party Parliamentary Group on Democratic Participation, which he worked to establish with Bite the Ballot.
James was co-author of the Missing Millions report in 2016 on voter registration which was influential in shaping government policy and debate about voter registration.
At the international level he was the co-founding co-convenor of the Electoral Management Network in 2016 which has brought together practitioners and academics from around the world in several high profile conferences.
They had three children, Dana Kalniņa-Zaķe who became the lead for the Latvian Association of Professional Health Care Chaplains, actress Rēzija Kalniņa and Krists Kalniņš who is a pastor.
Your Excellency is a 2019 Nigerian political satire drama comedy film written and directed by Funke Akindele on her directorial debut.
A bumbling billionaire businessman and failed Presidential candidate Chief Olalekan Ajadi (Akin Lewis) is very much obssessed with US President Donald Trump.
Just when his political campaign looks on the verge of another flop disaster, Ajadi is anointed by a majority party and becomes a tough credible contender with the assistance of powerful social media.
The film grossed ₦17.5 million in its first two days and became the fourth highest grossing Nollywood film for the year 2019 with ₦105.5 million.
She studied applied arts at the Sint Maria Instituut in Antwerp, Western concert flute at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp and evening courses at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in the same city.
Until about the age of 30, she lived and worked in the Antwerp nightlife, but decided to quit and started working as a graphic designer and illustrator for advertising agencies and magazines.
It won the Grand Prix at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in 1985, and the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1987.
McNaughton studied arts and law at the University of Sydney, and after completing university worked as an Associate to Justice Michael Kirby, at the time President of the New South Wales Court of Appeal and later Justice of the High Court.
After being admitted as a solicitor, McNaughton worked for Freehill, Hollingdale and Page (now Herbert Smith Freehills) until 1990, then moved to the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions where she worked as a senior and later principal legal officer.
In 1996, McNaughton joined the New South Wales Bar, initially working in-house at the CDPP but later moved to private practice where she specialised in criminal matters, including large scale complex criminal trials, including for fraud, taxation, corporations, drug importation and terrorism offences.
While at the private bar, McNaughton was Counsel for New South Wales in the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, and later Senior Counsel Assisting in the Royal Commission into Trade Union Governance and Corruption.
In May 2016, McNaughton was appointed by then-Attorney-General of Australia, George Brandis as the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions for a five-year term, replacing Robert Bromwich who had been appointed as a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia.
It was the band's final album with original guitarist Thiago Castanho, who left the following year citing his dissatisfaction with their extensive touring schedule; however, he would return in 2005.
At the 2016 IPC Swimming European Championships he won two medals: the silver medal in the men's 100m breaststroke SB8 and the bronze medal in the 200m individual medley SB8 event.
At the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships he won the bronze medal in the men's 100 metres butterfly S8 event and the silver medal in the men's 200 metres individual medley S8 event.
Bonner Platz, 1906 named after the city of Bonn, is a square in the Schwabing district of Munich, in the Schwabing-West quarter.
The following streets flows into the square (clockwise): from the west the Karl-Theodor-Straße, from the north the Bonner Straße, from the North East corner of the square to the east the Rheinstraße, from the South East Corner of the square to the east Karl-Theodor-Straße and to the south Viktoriastraße.
The square is crossed diagonally by the western Karl-Theodor-Straße and the Rheinstraße, which merge into each other here and belong to the busy city tangent Dietlindenstraße - Potsdamer Straße - Rheinstraße - Karl-Theodor-Straße - Ackermannstraße.
Rheinstraße only became a through road after the Second World War with the construction of the Mittlerer Ring through the Englischer Garten.
The Children's Medical Safety Research Institute (CMSRI) was a United States based anti-vaccination group which funded a number of pseudoscientific studies, notably by Christopher Shaw of the University of British Columbia, and his collaborator Lucija Tomljenovic, and by Christopher Exley of Keele University, which purport to link aluminium in vaccines to autism.
The scientific consensus is that there is no relationship, causal or otherwise, between vaccines and incidence of autism, and vaccine ingredients do not cause autism.
Exley initially declared no conflict of interest despite being funded by CSMRI, but a formal correction was issued in November 2019.
Following the winding up of CSMRI, Exley also lost funding from the UK's research councils, and was blocked from raising funds via GoFundMe citing a policy against use of the platform for anti-vaccination activism.
Controversial Israeli immunologist Yehuda Shoenfeld, originator of the false Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants hypothesis, served on the scientific review board.
Ernst Walter Zeeden (born 14 May 1916 in Berlin; died 5 September 2011) was a German medievalist and a scholar of modern history.
Ernst Walter Zeeden was born in Berlin as the son of regional court director Konrad Zeeden (1879–1925) and his wife Marianne.
Even though he originated from a Protestant family, Zeeden converted to Roman Catholicism and joined the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Freiburg on May 9th, 1954.
The Center was co-founded with historians Josef Engel and Heiko Oberman, and its activity focused on the history of the Late Middle Ages and the Reformation.
His writings, his overall approach of all confessions, as well as his thesis about the Catholic traditions in 17th and 18th-century Lutheranism were well-received abroad.
Robert Henry Risch (born 1939) is an American mathematician who worked on computer algebra and is known for his work on symbolic integration, specifically the Risch algorithm.
After his PhD, he worked at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center Mathematics of AI group and, between 1970 and 1972, the Institute for Advanced Study.
Marino Crescent () (formerly Ffolliott's Crescent) is a late Georgian crescent of 26 houses at the junction of Marino, Fairview and Clontarf in Dublin 3, Ireland.
The crescent was built by Charles Ffolliott in 1792 as a spite wall to block the view of Dublin Bay from the Casino at Marino, which was much coveted by the The Earl of Charlemont, James Caulfield of Marino House.
The terrace was built with red brick front finishes in a similar method to Mountjoy Square and Merrion Square however, owing to the fashion of the time the fronts were plastered over during the Regency period and all of the facades remain in the same state as of 2020.
All of the houses are three-storey over basement properties and all are two bay with the exception of the two largest central houses, numbers 13 and 14, which are three bay.
The jewels were given as security for a loan of $20,000 given by an Irish government delegation (part of the first Dáil Éireann) to Ludwig Martens, the new Soviet government representative in New York.
Closing times range from an earliest of 16.30 in December and January to a latest of 21.30 in June and July.
Shinaakht (meaning Identification) is an Indian Hindi-language short film directed, written and produced by Pragyesh Singh under the banner of TNV Films.
The film is based on Circumcision which challenges Male genital mutilation (MGM) and Female genital mutilation (FGM) as per Islamic Law.
The film raises the issue of FGM, which is practised in the Bohra Muslim community in India and it also questions the practices of Circumcision in Islam.
It had its premiere at Gorakhpur, Hisar, Raipur, Jamshedpur, Allahabad, as part of the Jagran Film Festival in August and September 2019.
The film has been selected and screened in the several National and International film festivals including Crownwood International Film Festival, Delhi Film Festival, Apulia Web Fest, Italy KinoDUEL International Film Festival, England, International Short Film Festival Pune Films Infest (New York City), L'Age d'Or International Art-house Film Festival and Ploiesti International Film Festival, Romania.
The story of the film shows a close relationship between a father named Liaqat Ali (Shishir Sharma) and his two kids named Idrish (son, played by Arfi Lamba) and Sofiya (daughter, played by Stefy Patel).
On attaining Adult age, Idrish (Arfi Lamba) and Sofiya (Stefy Patel) filed a case against their father, Liaqat Ali (Shishir Sharma), Maulvi Muhammad Basheer (Raju Kher) and Zarra Jumman Miyan, an illiterate, who performed circumcisions.
The case was registered as per the provision of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956, the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 and Section 326 and 326A of the Indian Penal Code.
When matters were brought to the Mumbai High Court, Liaqat Ali (Shishir Sharma) took their children's side and supported them and the Constitutional laws of India.
Liaqat Ali (Shishir Sharma) was not willing to undergo the circumcision of his children but he was pressurised by Maulana Muhammad Basheer, who explained Liaqat Ali (Shishir Sharma) that it is mandatory for Muslims to undergo circumcision or else they cannot be treated as Muslims.
Liaqat realised that it was his fault when he faces the facts that circumcision was carried out in medically unhygienic conditions by an unprofessional person, which affected the kids seriously and they suffered from health issues.
Later, Liaqat learns that circumcision as identification of religion is nowhere mentioned in the holy book Quran and found that it isn't a mandatory practice as per the religion.
Abhash Thapa (born on 19 December 1998 in Bandel, Hooghly, West Bengal) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for Hyderabad FC since 2019 and is currently on loan to East Bengal F.C..
The person so initiated will then have intercourse with his or her spouse, and the purity acquired from the messianic leader will be transmitted to both the spouse and the progeny.
The practice is justified by a theology, popularized by the Unification movement but already present in previous Korean new religions, assuming that the original sin was in fact illicit sexual intercourse between Lucifer and Eve.
The initiated adept will thus be cleansed and in turn cleanse his or her spouse by creating a pure Adam-Eve relationship, while the original sexual relation between Adam and Eve was tainted by the sin Eve had committed with Lucifer.
Not surprisingly, the practice is extremely controversial, and few movements if any would open admit it is or was part of their rituals.
One author who believe this was the case is Finnish researcher, and critical ex-member of the Unification Church, Kirsti L. Nevalainen.
Other churches in this group included the Israel Monastery, founded by Kim Baek Moon, and the Wilderness Church, the latter possibly a name given by outsiders to a loosely organized network of devotees recognizing Ms Pak Wol-yong as the messiah.
Hwang, who claimed to be the second coming of Jesus, led a schism from Wonsan Sinhaksan (), a movement created by Baek Nam-Ju () and influenced by the ideas of Emanuel Swedenborg.
Lady Francisco or Lady Chuquer Volla Borelli de Bourbon (January 7, 1940 – May 25, 2019) was a Brazilian actress and director.
They were the fourth election of the island's regional parliament since Rodrigues obtained autonomous status within the Republic of Mauritius in 2001.
Helena Deneke was born in London on 19 May 1878, the oldest child of Philip Maurice Deneker (1842-1925), a German-born London merchant banker, and Clara Sophia Overweg (1847-1933), of a landed Westphalian family.
She was educated privately and at St Hugh's Hall, Oxford, where she befriended Grace Hadow, a fellow English student at Somerville College.
Deneker was Treasurer of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies until 1919, after which she threw her energies into establishing an Oxford Federation of Women's Institutes.
As a result of her WI activity, Deneke and Betty Norris of the Townswomen's Guild were invited to play a political role in reconstructing women's organizations in post-war Germany.
The Keller House and Derick, on E. 1st, North in Paris, Idaho, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The base is built of three six-by-six timbers, cut on a circular saw, laid over two similar sills and notched with straight-sided saddle notches at the intersections of sill and crosspiece.
Balanced at the top of the mast is a log boom, fastened with a pin that allows horizontal and vertical movement.
Pulleys, used to control the hoisting and dumping of hay, are attached to the middle and upper end of the boom.
A cable stretched along the top of the derrick and over metal and wooden braces probably acts as a brace for the entire boom.
He made his List A debut on 19 December 2019, for Panadura Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.
Japan Sport Olympic Square is a building in Tokyo, Japan, which will serve as an administrative center for the upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics.
Installed outside the building are bronze statues of Pierre de Coubertin and Kanō Jigorō, as well as a replica of the Olympic cauldron from the 1964 Summer Olympics (Tokyo), 1972 Winter Olympics (Sapporo), and 1998 Winter Olympics (Nagano).
The rail units (DMU) delivered by Siemens AG and employed by the operator RAJA consist of multiple-units being composed of three different car types (A-car, B-car, and C-car).
Each car is equipped with a traction unit consisting of a diesel engine, a turbo transmission, a hydrostatic driven auxiliary drive system and a three-phase auxiliary generator.
Any orientation of units to form a multiple traction trains is possible (coupling of A-car to A-car, A-car to B-car and B-car to B-car).
Wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.
At Wrestle Kingdom 14, the IWGP Intercontinental Champion Tetsuya Naito defeated Kazuchika Okada to win the IWGP Heavyweight Championship becoming the first ever dual IWGP Heavyweight and Intercontinental champion.
After the match, Naito and Sanada were assaulted by Kenta and White, and a match was scheduled for The New Beginning in Osaka, with both championships on the line.
!, while White and Kenta were brutalizing Naito and Sanada, White claimed that Sanada was inferior to himself, leading to a match between the two at The New Beginning in Osaka being set up.
At the 2019 World Tag League finals, Jon Moxley made his return to NJPW after an absence and attacked Lance Archer and Minoru Suzuki.
At Wrestle Kingdom 14 on January 5, after Moxley had successfully defended his IWGP United States Championship against Juice Robinson, Suzuki confronted Moxley before beating him down and proclaiming he wanted Moxley's title.
He worked as predoctoral and post-doctoral researcher for the University of Cantabria (1996–2001), as lecturer for the Charles III University of Madrid (UC3M; 2001–2003).
Following a spell as director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Foundation Carolina (2003–2004), he has also worked as lecturer at the Universidad CEU San Pablo, the Rey Juan Carlos University and the Universidad Pontificia Comillas.
A member of the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th terms of the Congress of Deputies in representation of Cantabria, elected within the People's Party (PP) lists, he renounced to his seat at the Lower House of the Spanish parliament in December 2016.
During his spell at the Casa de las Siete Chimeneas, he faced trouble to pass a Law for Patronage and to get through the debate on the cultural VAT.
Replaced by Fernando Benzo in November 2016, he was then appointed as new Secretary of State for Information Society and Digital Agenda, tasked with defining the new digital agenda of Spain.
This is a list of the complete squads for the 2020 Six Nations Championship, an annual rugby union tournament contested by the national rugby teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales.
For players added to a squad during the tournament, their caps and age are indicated as of the date of their call-up.
She was one of the pioneers in dealing with LGBT culture issues in her literary works and in studying autobiography as a genre.
Molloy then became a Fellow of the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Social Science Research Council, and the Civitella Ranieri Foundation.
In 2007, she created the first Master of Fine Arts degree in the United States in creative Spanish writing at New York University where she holds the Albert Schweitzer chair of Humanities.
The list is organized by region and country of the awards venue or sponsor, but winners are not necessarily restricted to people from that country.
The 2019 StarCraft II World Championship Series (WCS) is the 2019 edition of the StarCraft II World Championship Series, the top esports tournament circuit for StarCraft II.
The format of the former remained consistent with the standard set in 2017, featuring three seasons of the long-running Global StarCraft II League (GSL) Code S with two smaller GSL Super Tournament events interspersed.
Beyond this, the format remained mostly unchanged with three large WCS Circuit events and accompanying qualifiers under the WCS Challenger branding.
They featured a group stage as the first round of play, played out the week prior to the main event, followed by bracket play from the quarterfinals onward at the convention center itself.
For the first time ever, the event was confined to one of the two days the convention ran for, with all matches from the quarterfinals through the finals happening on November 1st, Friday.
As her father died when she was young, Choi assisted her mother in her sewing business to earn an income for the family.
When she was twelve years old, Choi and her mother attended the tent revival meeting led by the holiness preacher Lee Sung-Bong and became a Christian.
Despite her successes, Choi suffered the death of her mother and eldest daughter within a week and a half of one another, as well as the failure of her business.
She went to the meeting and had a spiritual encounter, committing to enter Full Gospel Bible College to be trained as a great woman evangelist.
After Choi and Cho graduated in 1958, they started a tent church with the two of them and Choi's three children.
Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Company Limited, also known as Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine, is a Chinese pharmaceutical company which engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and sales of healthcare products, including antineoplastic drugs, angiomyocardiac drugs, drugs for surgery, contrast agents and antibiotics.
He qualified after winning the silver medal in the men's 100 metres T64 event and the bronze medal in the men's long jump T64 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
DO-248C, Supporting Information for DO-178C and DO-278A, published by RTCA, Incorporated, is a collection of Frequently Asked Questions and Discussion Papers addressing applications of DO-178C and DO-278A in the safety assurance of software for aircraft and software for CNS/ATM systems, respectively.
Like DO-178C and DO-278A, it is a joint RTCA undertaking with EUROCAE and the document is also published as ED-94C, Supporting Information for ED-12C and ED-109A.
The publication does not provide any guidance additional to DO-178C or DO-278A; rather, it only provides clarification for the guidance established in those standards.
While new FAQs and Discussion Papers have been added, most of the FAQs and Discussion Papers of DO-248C are carried over from DO-248B.
Some of these items have been marked as deleted or updated as the subjects were addressed by the releases of DO-178C, DO-330, supplements, or other publications.
An errata section is not included as the release of DO-178C addressed the errata of DO-178B and errata of DO-178C has yet to be published.
The men's pole vault event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg on 25 and 26 August 1989.
In April and May 2019, he committed attacks against 11 strangers, the youngest of whom was an 11-year-old boy and the oldest of whom was a 71-year-old woman.
For these crimes, which were committed in Hertfordshire, London, Greater Manchester and Cheshire, he was tried later that year at the Old Bailey and on 6 December was convicted of 37 offences.
The songs are covers of the Japanese songs originally recorded by AKB48, the sister group of MNL48, with the Japanese lyrics translated into Filipino.
The House Beauty Shop Committee (officially known as the House Select Committee on the Beauty Shop) was a special committee of the United States House of Representatives which existed from 1967 to 1979.
Griffiths, along with Edith Green (a Democrat from Oregon's 3rd district) and Catherine May (a Republican from Washington's 4th district), became the first members of the committee.
It was formed to oversee and modernize the operations of the House Beauty Shop, a beauty salon located in the Cannon House Office Building in the United States Capitol.
At the time of its establishment, the House Beauty Shop Committee was the smallest and least known of the House of Representatives' 57 committees.
The House Beauty Shop originated as a privately-owned and independently operated beauty salon located in the Longworth House Office Building, one of three main office buildings on the Capitol devoted to the House of Representatives.
Established in 1932 by beautician Mabel Solomon, it primarily served the women of Capitol Hill, including members of Congress, their wives, as well as Congressional staffers.
To address these concerns, then-House Speaker John W. McCormack ordered an investigation into the beauty shop, which was led by Griffiths and May.
McCormack then decided to form the House Beauty Shop Committee to investigate the situation further and provide recommendations on how to restore the beauty shop.
He named Griffiths, May, and Rep. Edith Green to the committee and provided $15,000 from the contingency fund as a bridge loan.
The House Beauty Shop Committee hired a new manager to run the shop, who in turn hired 18 beauticians and manicurists and relocated the shop from the Longworth building to the much larger Cannon Building.
Within a few years, the beauty shop had been revitalized; it repaid the $15,000 loan and was soon turning a profit.
It abolished the House Beauty Shop Committee, folding its responsibilities into the United States House Committee on House Administration; it also ensured that House Beauty Shop employees were treated like other House employees.
Under the new approach, the House of Representatives' Chief Administrative Officer awards a three-year renewable contract to a private contractor, who in turn pays the House monthly rent and manages the operations of the beauty shop.
Wetryk was the stage name of Antonio Pastacaldi (Livorno, 30 November 1890 – Livorno, 22 April 1936), a successful Italian practitioner of stage magic in the period between World War I and World War II.
A local tradition in Livorno claims that baby Antonio was also regarded as dead and placed in the open coffin together with the mother, until a cousin of his father realized he was alive.
After Emma’s death, his father married soprano Ida Nobili, whose friend, actor Alessandro Parrini, initiated Antonio to the art of magic.
At age 16, Antonio attended a show in Livorno by stage magician Cesare Watry, an Italian from Ravenna who achieved more success in Spain and Brazil than in his own native country.
Some regard Watry as Pastacaldi’s mentor, while Pastacaldi’s daughter insisted that his father was mostly self-taught and the influence of Watry was not crucial.
There, he developed a distinctive style of magic, presenting his shows in Louis XIV, Turkish, or Japanese settings, and performed in front of royalties and celebrities, acquiring great fame.
Not only was his wife independently wealthy, but his shows in Italy became very successful and he earned enough money to retire after his daughter Liliana was born in 1927.
In 1935, he started training for a return to the stage, but the project was frustrated by cancer, which killed him in 1936.
After Wetryk’s death, in 1943, his heirs sold his equipment to a mediocre magician called Melchiorre Zatelli, whose stage name was Armandis (Trento, 1906-?).
Although Pastacaldi’s family claimed that a condition for the sale was that Armandis should not use the name Wetryk on stage, he did exactly so, leading some audiences to believe that Wetryk had survived the war.
Other work has included releases on experimental pop label PC Music, collaboration with A. G. Cook as duo easyfx and writing for pop musicians such as Rita Ora and Hannah Diamond.
Easyfun's first release was in 2013 with a five track self-titled EP with a proto-version of what would become PC Music's signature sound of bubblegum pop, futuristic riffs and chaotic arrangements.
Since then he has released four more solo EPs with the largest portion of his output since then arriving in the form of collaborative projects.
The 2019 Mid-American Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Mid-American Conference held from November 3 through November 10, 2019.
The semifinals and finals took place at Mickey Cochrane Stadium in Bowling Green, Ohio, home of the Bowling Green Falcons, the highest remaining seed in the tournament following the quarterfinal matches.
The Bowling Green Falcons were the defending champions, and they successfully defended their title with a 3–1 penalty shootout win over the Eastern Michigan in the final.
The theater was built by the Turkish company Polimeks in a classic style, it features a dome and white marble columns on the facade.
The theater hall was designed as a multi-purpose hall with 576 seats, on the ground floor and 224 on the balconies, with a total audience of 800 people.
The stage is on a rotating platform with a diameter of 9 meters on average and an orchestral pit of 55 square meters, which has a lifting organization system.
The stage has a total size of 450 square meters and uses a counterweight system with 15 elements to organize theatrical scenery.
The Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay for a Canadian Film is an annual award given by the Vancouver Film Critics Circle.
They are distinguished from other goldenrods by their corymbiform flowerheads, which are flat or rounded in profile and about as broad as tall or broader, for which they are sometimes called flat-topped goldenrods.
It was being worked on by Miller before his death in 2018, and was released posthumously on January 17, 2020, by Warner Records.
Critics have described the album as having elements of emo rap, soft rock, pop, hip hop, R&B, lo-fi, indie folk, and synth-pop.
Yet, however difficult it might be to ingest his candour, there is also a maturity about Miller in which to take solace.
So while it's hard to listen to him talking about self-deterioration and how he spends far too much time in his own head, it's a privilege to hear him share his inner most thoughts over a bed of sweeping, inventive sonics.
As such, the participants at the games were: the four constituent states of the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap), three sovereign countries (Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Palau) and two insular areas of the United States (Northern Mariana Islands, Guam) all located within the Micronesia region.
The GSK China scandal was an imbroglio where the China branch of the global drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was found guilty of paying bribes to doctors and hospitals to promote the company's products in China.
The scandal started with sex tapes of the company's China head, Mark Reilly and his Chinese girlfriend at a Shanghai department, which were sent to several senior executives of the company.
The company's investigations into the sex tapes made the paid investigator Peter Humphrey and his wife Yu Yingzeng in jail in China due to their breach of privacy law.
With the bribery scandal made public by the Chinese police since June 2013, GSK had to admit its pervasive corruption in China.
After tried in Changsha in September 2014, the company apologized to the Chinese people, and paid one of the biggest fines in Chinese history worth ¥3bn (£300m; €350m; $490m).
The sequent US Securities and Exchange Commission investigation was settled by GSK with a $20 million civil penalty in 2016, yet the UK Serious Fraud Office failed to finish the expensive investigation which was officially ended in 2019.
Instead, the government cut the spendings as private sectors played a more and more important role in the system where the gap of the funding was closed by briberies paid by drug companies and patients to doctors and hospitals.
Since the 1980s, doctors in Chinese public hospitals had to over-prescribe drugs and make un-necessary diagnostic procedures and surgeries to make a living, which was known by most Chinese and deteriorated the relationship between the patients and doctors, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.
However, with the more fundings into the healthcare system, briberies became discouraged by the government, as it hoped to build a more competitive, above board and cost-effective healthcare system.
According to Leon Liu, partner with the Shanghai based law firm MWE China, Chinese citizens paid high prices for drugs partly due to corruption, which the government hoped to change.
Yet, GSK did not pay much attention to the shift in the China market and consistently ignored the warnings of the China bribery before the scandal.
Since December 2011, 24 anonymous tips from inside the GSK China were sent to Chinese regulators in 17-month time, which was not known to GSK high executives until April 2012.
Although the company promised to the US regulators that they would not allow improper marketing and kickbacks to doctors in July 2012 after a remarkable fine, it did not stop doing so in China.
GSK board received an email in January 2013 where how China's branch committed fraud in its operations was detailedly described in 5,200 words.
The whistleblower made examples by the drug Lamictal, which was approved in China only for treating epilepsy, but was marketed as a drug for bipolar disorder aggressively.
The drug killed a patient due to false marketing, but GSK chose to pay around 9,000 US dollars to silence the patient.
In 2012, Mike Reilly, Zhang Guowei () and Zhao Hongyan () of the company even founded a risk management unit to cope with the tips.
As confessed by a former GSK employee, he tried to flatter a Shanghai investigator with an iPad and a 1,200-dollar meal and Mark Reilly agreed him to bribe another Beijing official.
The email accused the company and Mark Reilly of using China Comfort Travel to bribe doctors and provide prostitutions to make sure of the business.
In April 2013, Mark Reilly, GSK's China head paid Peter Humphrey's ChinaWhys, a small risk consultancy which served Dell and Dow Chemical, to investigate into the break-in at his apartment and estimate the potential influence of the fired former employee, Vivian Shi, who was thought to be the whistleblower, in the government.
Humphrey managed to acquire the household registration record of Shi thorough a Chinese detective, which was considered illegal in Chinese laws.
On 6 June 2013, Humphrey submitted a report to GSK where he believed Shi to be the whistleblower without providing any further evidence but the emails and the sex tape.
The Chinese police denied that it was because of the internal conflicts and tips from inside the company that they launched the investigation.
According to Xinhua and the police report, the Chinese investigations started with an investigation into an unknown Shanghai travel agency in early 2013.
The Chinese police said that the travel agency had few products but its revenue rose from million to hundreds of millions RMB.
An investigation into the travel agency with help from other government offices identified its links to GSK and other pharmaceutical companies.
The task force gathered evidence for GSK's bribery in ten plus Chinese provinces including Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning, Xinjiang in a year-long period.
On 27 June and 10 July 2013, the Changsha Police, with the help from Shanghai and Zhengzhou Police, carried out raids in multiple GSK offices and related travel agencies in Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanjing, acquiring files and laptops and interrogating employees.
Besides, AstraZeneca, UCB and other pharmaceutical companies' employees were also questioned by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the police.
Mike Reilly left China on 27 June when police took action at GSK China, which was not stopped by the police.
To cope with this, the company launched Changcheng () and Longteng () where the company used bribery to avoid Chinese doctors using Chinese equivalent of Heptodin.
According to Gao Feng, head of the economic crimes investigation unit at China's Public Security Ministry, GSK transferred 3 billion yuan to over 700 travel agencies and consultancies during a 6-year period, through which the company bribed doctors, hospitals, officials and medical associations.
GSK bought services from the travel agencies at prices much higher than real prices, so that the agencies were able to serve as a fund for bribery which was independent of internal financial regulations of the company.
Xinhua described the hierarchy of GSK's bribery networks, where the company reps bribed ordinary doctors, area managers bribed major clients, regional manager bribed VIPs, the marketing department bribed academics, and the VIP department bribed institutes.
The company bought cars, cameras, televisions, electrical autos and other non-medical equipment to bribed centers of disease control and vaccine injection centers for ¥13m.
GSK's Lamivudine was priced at 142 RMB in Mainland China, while it only cost 18RMB, 26RMB, 30RMB to buy the drug in Korea, Canada and Britain respectively.
Adefovir Dipivoxil, another product of GSK, was as expensive as 182 RMB, but it only costs 103.5RMB and 59.92RMB to buy them in Japan and Hong Kong.
Chen Hongbo (), former manager of GSK China, said to Xinhua that transfer pricing was a common strategy of multinationals, where a product was first sold to a middle country at a high price, and then it was imported to the destination at an even higher price based on the sale price in the middle country.
The police told media that during 2009-12, GSK China's revenues of main business were ¥397.8m, ¥486.2m, ¥552.9m, ¥697.5m, but profits were merely ¥11m, ¥-4.7m, ¥6.0m, ¥-18.8m, which was owing to the company's transfer pricing strategy.
Although the compliance department and Internal Audit Department of GSK China showed evidence to the company that the company was faking invoices and fabricating records and books, the warnings were not taken seriously.
Lan Shengke (), an executive of GSK China, said that Mike Reilly even fired a director at the compliance department as the strict enforcement of the compliance rules affected sales performance in 2011.
According to Xinhua, the trial at Changsha Intermediate People’s Court was not public as requested by GSK who wanted to keep business secrets.
A source told China Business Networks that the sales group for hepatitis drugs, which was related to the company's bribery plans, was downsized after the scandal.
Although the China market only contributed to a small fraction of overall revenue of GSK, it is the fastest growing markets of the company.
Globally, the quarterly profits fell by 14% to £1.3bn, which was below analysts' forecasts, leading to a 5% fall in its shares price, the biggest single fall on FTSE 100.
The company still faced investigation by UK's Serious Fraud Office and US department of justice, due to the laws against overseas corruption in the two countries where GSK was listed.
The legal suits in China forced the company to made a statement in December 2013, where changes in incentive programs, including cancelling individual sales targets and related bonus, were put forwards and expected to be enforced since 2014.
Following the scandal, GSK promised to lower the prices of its products in China, which was regarded as a signal to other drugmakers in China.
National Development and Reform Commission said it would examine the drug prices by 60 firms, after it had succeeded in making some foreign infant formula producers to lower the price in an earlier price-related inquiry.
Many Chinese doctors said they had no choice but to use these foreign drugs, when Chinese patients had little trust in the quality of the Chinese equivalents.
For a long time, corruption had been usually considered as part of the cost of doing business in China, and the medical industry was of no escape.
GSK's case was one of the cases in Xi Jinping-led anti-corruption campaign, which had previously expelled several senior officials in the military and state oil companies from the Communist Party.
Ben Cavender, an associate principal at China Market Research Group, said that the GSK's case could be part of the greater trend of fighting against corruption, where foreign firms were advised to carefully obey the law.
However, the American Chamber of Commerce in China and US-China Business Council published reports, saying that foreign companies in China felt increasingly targeted by Chinese regulators.
The president of the US-China Business Council doubted whether China was using such kinds of probes to protect its domestic industry.
A senior research director in Shanghai admitted money-involving new cooperation between international pharmaceutical firms and Chinese academics and hospitals were suspended in 2013.
Pharmaceutical companies usually invested in continuing medical education (CME) where the latest medical progress was discussed in order to encourage doctors to use their products.
In 2009, the country amended the criminal law to prohibit illegal transfer or trade of personal data and punish anyone who wants to buy or sell them.
On 10 July, which was 2 weeks after the police operations at GSK offices, Shanghai police arrested Humphrey and his wife Yu at their Shanghai apartment, charging them with privacy law breach.
Humphrey was sentenced to 2 and a half and Yu was sentenced to 2 years by the Shanghai First Intermediate People’s Court, which was a much more severe sentence compared to other cases of similar conditions in Shanghai.
Humphrey was released 7 months early due to his ill health condition, and his wife Yu was released about the same time.
According to a former employee, the company talked to them individually, claiming that the employees had misbehavior and it had evidence for that.
The company asked the employees to submit a resignation report by 9 March, and the company would consider it as a voluntary resignation.
The employees were threatened by the company as it would leave a black mark in their employees' documents if the employees refused to comply with the requests.
Approximately half of the terminated workers appealed their dismissal, and GSK's refusal to reimburse employees for expenses incurred before termination, before a labour dispute arbitration committee.
The company denied that it was trying to dig out the whistleblower and instead the company was trying to fix a security hole for its employees.
Friends of Humphrey/Yu couple believed Shi was a key figure in the couple's detention and the couple's investigations into Shi's political relations and the source of the sex tape made them into the jail.
UK's Serious Fraud Office initiated an investigation in 2014, but the cased was closed by its new director Lisa Osofsky in 2019, after costing £7.5 million in the investigation.
As GSK bribery in China was a breach of US's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act during 2010-13, the Securities and Exchange Commission launched an investigation into the company.
In September 2016, GSK agreed to pay a civil penalty of $20 million to settle the case, but it did not admit or deny the allegations.
While much of the research in the various fields of linguistics is descriptive, there exists an underlying assumption that terminological and methodological choices reflect the researcher's understanding of what language is in theoretical terms.
During the 19th century, when sociological questions remained under psychology, languages and language change were considered as arising from human psychology and unconscious mind by Heymann Steinthal, Hermann Paul and William Dwight Whitney.
As a humanist reaction to social Darwinism in the late 19the century, Émile Durkheim modified Herbert Spencer's organic analogy to create a view of society which is not based on competition of cultures.
In the structuralist view, linguistics is the study of semiology, an interactive binary organisation which includes a conceptual system and a corresponding symbolic system.
American structuralists such as Edward Sapir and Leonard Bloomfield remained more closely allied to German psychological approaches to linguistics, but others, such as Charles F. Hockett, studied the systemic organisation of language, adding to French structuralism.
The Boasian school of cultural relativism remained highly influential until 1960s, reducing the importance of universalist approaches to theory of language in North America.
Language is seen as a tool for communication, and the shape of the tool is based on what it is needed for.
Following a 1920s shift in sociology to functional explanation of social structures, the Prague school of linguistics was established for functional linguistics, with Vilém Mathesius, Jan Firbas and František Daneš developing Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP), a multi-layered model of text analysis.
The Dutch school is today organised around Functional Discourse Grammar, and the legacy of the English school is carried by Systemic Functional Grammar; the last two are functional models of linguistic analysis.
Steven Pinker and other advocates of evolutionary psychology see language, including grammatical phenomena, as being caused by the evolution of human physiology.
Some evolutionary linguists support a version of a genetic Universal Grammar while others are more generally looking for answers in language processing or linguistic cognition.
The idea of languages as species of living organisms competing for living space was advocated by Darwin and his followers, especially the evolutionary linguist August Schleicher.
Richard Dawkins's memetics and other cultural replicator theories, such as David Hull's generalised Darwinism and CAS (Complex adaptive system) form the basis of modern Darwinian linguistics.
In the Universal Darwinian model, not only linguistic units are seen as fighting for survival, but even research traditions; and idea promoted in linguistics by William Croft.
As Schleicher compared languages to plants, animals and crystals, the idea of grammatical structures as crystallised patterns were revived in Kenneth Lee Pike's tagmemics.
Fo(u)r Peace Central Europe, occasionally, especially in informal correspondence, on logos, patches or similar 4 Peace Central Europe or 4-PCE or 4PCE (pronounced fōr-pī-cī-ī) refers to a military cooperation between military training centers in Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Austria.
The peculiar spelling is supposed to unite two things in one term: both the statement that there are four nations and that they act for peace in Central Europe or shoulder to shoulder from Central Europe for world peace (in which the four nations, the Netherlands in a broader sense, geographically and culturally are).
Training centers, such as those in the 4-PCE network, can have this course certified by the responsible Department for Peace Operations (DPO / ITS).
The course at the German UN training center was certified for the first time in 2007 by the responsible Department for Peace Operations (DPO) of the UN, the SWISSINT course was certified for the first time in 2008.
Course participants are usual officers from senior lieutenant to major in principle from all member nations of the United Nations that have armed forces.
The cooperation between the four partner nations is beneficial to everyone through synergy effects, since, for example, the respective assignment of trainers also promotes the exchange of experience and knowledge and the resource personnel is used more efficiently.
The military cooperation between the training centers began, initially with purely bilateral agreements, in 1993 and initially mainly involved the exchange of instructors.
This was particularly important for the German Forces, since Germany, unlike the other armies mentioned in the Cold War phase, was unable to gain direct operational experience from the United Nations through the provision of military observers.
As a platform for coordination, a Commanders´ Conference (CC) with the four commandants / commanders takes place every six months, and in preparation for these a so-called Chief Instructure Meeting (CIM) with the four training managers, alternating between one of the four Partner countries instead.
However the way of this in the 4-PCE partner nations, with a timed MEoM course in the respective country and subsequent joint final exercise, is unique worldwide.
Gervais Cordin (born 10 December 1998) is a French rugby union player who plays for Toulon in the Top 14 and the French national team.
The union was founded in 1901, and appears to have largely consisted of members who split away from the Amalgamated Society of French Polishers of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1903, 148 members split away to form the rival Old Alliance Society of French Polishers, but that union was not successful and rejoined in 1908.
In 1984, Castro graduated from Hanford High School, where he was the editor of the school paper and a varsity tennis player.
Family members and teachers encouraged him to attend college and he participated in a program to help Latino students from Valley farming communities attend college.
As part of the program, he attended an event at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was immediately admitted and granted scholarships.
As the first in his family to attend college, Castro earned a bachelor's degree in political science in 1988 and a master's degree in public policy in 1990 from the University of California, Berkeley.
During the course of his career, Castro held various positions, including faculty and administrative roles, at five University of California campuses, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of California, Davis, University of California, Merced, and University of California, San Francisco.
He is also a professor for educational research and administration in the Kremen School of Education and Human Development at California State University, Fresno.
Prior to his role as president, he served as vice-chancellor for student academic affairs at the University of California, San Francisco.
The Mountain West Conference appointed Castro as a member of the College Football Playoff Board of Managers, as one of 11 university presidents on the board.
Castro played a lead role in securing and implementing a $500,000 grant from the College Futures Foundation to the Fresno Unified School District, University of California, Merced, the State Center Community College, and University of California, Fresno to collaboratively analyze data to suggest policy changes within the involved institutions to increase student success.
In 2010, Castro received the University of California Student Association’s Administrator of the Year Award and the Martin Luther King, Jr. Award from the University of California, San Francisco.
He was named Alumnus of the Year by the University of California, Berkeley Richard and Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy in 2014.
Castro was one of three individuals to be awarded the Stanford Graduate School of Education’s (GSE) 2016 Alumni Excellence in Education Award that recognizes alumni who are making a notable difference within their institutions, communities, and policy, at large.
In 2015, the Islamic Cultural Center of Fresno awarded Castro with the Spirit of Abraham Award for his efforts to provide Muslim students a space to conduct religious practices and prayer.
In 2016, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs awarded Castro with the Ohtli Award, which is presented to individuals who have made a notable contribution in Mexican, Mexican American, and Hispanic Communities.
Castro received the award for his work increasing graduation rates among students and his collaboration with the Mexican consulate to implement several programs.
Castro, in conjunction with California State University, Fresno, were recognized with the Mayor’s Community Partner Award for their work in the community, collaborating with public and private organizations, to improve the quality of life in Fresno in 2017.
In 2019, Castro, on behalf of California State University, Fresno, was awarded a fifth Excellence and Innovation Award from the American Association of State Colleges and Universities since the program's beginning in 2013.
The 2020 Canon O'Brien Cup was a hurling game played to determine the champion of the Canon O'Brien Cup for the 2020 season.
Benjamin Williams Mathias MA (1772–1841), was a Church of Ireland priest, who founded in 1806 the Dublin Bible Society which became the Hibernian Bible Society.
He served as Chaplain to the Bethesda Chapel, Dublin from 1805 succeeding Dr. Walker, until 1835 and its subsidiary Schools, Asylum and Lock Penitentiary, keeping the chapel within the established church, eventually in 1825 getting officially licensed by the Church of Ireland, despite the evangelical zeal of many of its attendees and preachers who seceded.
On behalf of the society, Mathias traveled widely throughout the country, and he was a founder member of the Hibernian Church Missionary Society (1814) for evangelism overseas.
Mathias lived on Lower Dominick Street, where he was neighbours and friends with the family of the mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton, whom he christened in 1805 in St. Marys.
Lester Etien (born 21 June 1995) is a French rugby union player who plays for Stade Français in the Top 14 and the French national team.
The men's 100 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 25 and 26 August 1989.
Jean E. Brenchley (March 6, 1944 – July 9, 2019) was an American microbiologist and a professor at the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) and Purdue University.
As a high school student in Canton, Pennsylvania, Brenchley won a regional science fair competition, with a project about the way Myxomycetes slime mold reacts to light.
She pursued further studies in marine microbiology at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, where she earned her master's degree in 1967.
After a one-year post-doctoral appointment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Brenchley joined the microbiology department at Penn State in 1971 as an assistant professor.
Her work had practical industrial applications (for example, for food safety at low temperatures), but was also considered useful in theories about extraterrestrial life.
She was recipient of the Waksman Award for Outstanding Contributions in Microbiology in 1985, from the Theobald Smith Society, and of American Society for Microbiology's Alice Evans Award in 1996, for her work encouraging women in the field.
She was a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Society for Industrial Microbiology.
The Brenchley Endowment, established by Brenchley in her last year, supports programming on WPSU-FM, the public radio station at Penn State.
The Jean Brenchley Fund, established in her memory at the Centre Foundation, supports environmental and educational projects in central Pennsylvania, including the Women Anglers Support Fund, because she was active in the Central Pennsylvania Women Anglers.
It is located northeast of Oak Hill and east of Vega at the intersection of Orpheus-Keystone Road and Orpheus Road, at .
Released by Accord Music Corporation in 2004, it consists of nine original Adhunik Bengali songs, with music composed by Amit Banerjee and Rupankar Bagchi and lyrics written by Subho Dasgupta, Saikat Kundu as well as Bagchi.
After the Mumbai-based Accord Music Corporation closed down, the rights for the songs were sold to the Kolkata-based digital distribution company OTT Solutions.
The 2020 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match which was played at Croke Park on 19 January 2020 to determine the winners of the 2019-20 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the 50th season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland.
Ballyhale Shamrocks were hoping to win their 8th All-Ireland Club Championship, while Borris-Ileigh were bidding to win their second title after previously winning in 1987.
Anthony Bouthier (born 16 June 1992) is a French rugby union full-back and he currently plays for Montpellier in the French Top 14.
She is currently the president of the Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union and a member of the Students' Federation of India.
After graduating with a degree in political science from Delhi University's Daulat Ram College, Ghosh received a master's degree from Jawaharlal Nehru University.
In that role, Ghosh became involved in protests against fee hikes, library funding cuts, hostel shortages, increased electricity charges and dress and time restrictions on university students.
Ghosh has also taken part in protests against the removal of the university's gender sensitization committee and impunity for Atul Johri, a professor accused of sexual harassment.
She has been critical of the Bharatiya Janata Party for perceived neglect in supporting educational institutions and accused the party of attacking the university since it came to power.
On 5 January 2020, Ghosh was admitted to AIIMS Delhi hospital after suffering a head injury during the attack on the campus perpetrated by the Akhil Bharatya Vidyarthi Parishad, a hindu nationalist organisation affiliated to the Bharatiya Janata Party.
The attack on the campus received widespread coverage following which she attained national recognition in middle of the growing protest movement in India.
She received widespread support including from actress, Deepika Padukone and the Chief Minister of Kerala, Pinarayi Vijayan who personally came to meet her.
She later alleged that there was a nexus between the attackers, the police and the JNU administration with the intent of breaking up the movement.
She is a spokesperson and part of the team that defends Julian Assange and WikiLeaks, under the direction of Baltasar Garzón.
She was a defender of survivors of genocide and other human rights abuses in Guatemala, and was part of the legal team led by the Spanish lawyer Almudena Bernabeu in the case of Rigoberta Menchú against Efraín Ríos Montt.
She is a member of the board of directors of Creative Commons, an international organization that advocates for open knowledge and libre culture.
She is also a board member of Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25), a pan-European initiative launched by former Greek finance minister and economist Yanis Varoufakis, which seeks to democratize the European Union.
Renata Ávila Pinto holds a licentiate in law from the Universidad Francisco Marroquín in Guatemala and has a master's degree in law from the University of Turin, as well as studies in international law in The Hague.
She was part of the international legal team that represented the victims of genocide and other crimes against humanity in their extradition case before the National Court of Spain, including the prominent indigenous leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú.
As a digital rights activist, she has denounced the deterioration of net neutrality, mass surveillance, and attacks on freedom of expression on the Internet.
Along with founder Tim Berners-Lee, she led the Web We Want campaign, promoting respect for human rights in the digital era in more than 75 countries.
She is currently the executive director of the Chilean , an organization that promotes the openness of data and its use in favor of society in Latin America.
She has written for media outlets such as eldiario.es, Global Voices, and openDemocracy, as well as for various academic publications and international periodicals.
In 2014, she was one of the participants in the creation of the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet in order to implement legislation to protect net neutrality.
The film is mainly centering on Bowie's first visit in USA at 1971 and his creation of Ziggy Stardust following this visit, whilst also showing Bowie's origins.
The film is directed by Gabriel Range, and produced by Matt Code, Daniel Hubbard, Nick Taussig and Paul Van Carter according to the screenplay which Range wrote with Christopher Bell.
Johnny Flynn stars as Bowie, alongside Jena Malone, Marc Maron, Aaron Poole, Roanna Cocharne, Jorja Cadence, Annie Briggs, and Ryan Blakley in supporting roles.
In 1971, a 24 year old David Bowie (Johnny Flynn) embarks on his first road trip to America with struggling publicist Ron Oberman (Marc Maron), only to be met with a world not yet ready for him.
Filming commenced on July 4, 2019 ,taking place in Toronto, Canada and also in the United States and concluded later in September 2019.
Duncan Jones, Bowie's son, has expressed his disappointment from the project not featuring the family's supportance nor all of his late father's songs.
The women's 100 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 25 and 26 August 1989.
The source of Chang Chenmo lies in the disputed region of Aksai Chin in the northwest corner of Rutog County in Tibet.
It crosses the Line of Actual Control from China to India at Kongka Pass, entering into the Ladakh region of India.
In Ladakh, it is joined by Silung Burma, Silung Yogma, Kugrung River, Rimdi River, and numerous other streams before flowing into the Shyok River.
In the late 1800s, in order to facilitate trade between the Indian subcontinent and Tarim Basin, the British attempted to promote a caravan route via the Chang Chenmo Valley as an alternative to the difficult Karakoram Pass.
The Maharaja Ranbir Singh at the request of the British made improvements to the trails and facilities of the campsites in Chang Chenmo Valley.
Ann Catherine Horton (née Davies, 7 April 1894 – 15 July 1965) was a British physicist and academic who was the first woman to be appointed to the lecturing staff of the Cavendish Laboratory.
She studied Physics at Royal Holloway College, where she received her bachelor in science in 1915 followed by her master's in science and DSc.
Horton was employed as an Assistant Lecturer in Physics at Holloway while she conducted research for her doctorate, and was later promoted to Staff Lecturer.
Her research chiefly concerned radiation from and ionization potentials of the rare gases, and contributed to the verification of Niels Bohr's theory of stationary states.
In 1921, their work called into question the conclusions drawn from the Franck–Hertz experiment, leading to an exchange of correspondence with James Franck that eventually concluded with all participants agreeing that the Franck–Hertz results had been correct.
From 1935 she was a fellow and lecturer in physics at Newnham College, Cambridge, and a university lecturer in physics at the Cavendish Laboratory.
She was vice-principal of Newnham from 1936 to 1946, a member of the trustees of Homerton College, Cambridge, and a member of the Council of New Hall.
The 20th Game Developers Choice Awards is an annual awards ceremony by Game Developers Choice Awards held at the Game Developers Conference, for outstanding game developers and video games.
Kate Edwards, former head of the International Game Developers Association and current head of the Global Game Jam, will receive the Ambassador Award for her past and current work in the industry.
Released on April 30, 2001 through EMI, it was the band's first album not to come out through Virgin Records, to count with guest appearances by other musicians, and to be produced by either Rick Bonadio or Tadeu Patolla.
It was also recorded with all instrumental parts simultaneously instead of one at a time, as if they were recording live.
The Sapphire Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run from 1887 through 1909 at Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York.
A race for two-year-old horses of either sex, it was run on dirt over a distance of five and one-half furlongs.
Lady Navarre won the 1905 Sapphire Stakes and as a three-year-old continued to take on her male counterparts, winning the Tennessee Derby and finishing second to Sir Huon in the 1906 Kentucky Derby.
Passage of the Hart-Agnew anti-betting legislation by the New York Legislature under Republican Governor Charles Evans Hughes led to a compete shutdown of racing in 1911 and 1912 in the state.
Essential amino acids (EAAs) are amino acids which are necessary to build proteins in an organism but can not be synthesized by the organism itself and us such must be provide in the diet.
Some of the plant-based foods do not contain a full composition of EAAs for example: some sprouts, mango, pineapple, lime and melon.
A table below shows the smallest sample food required to provide all EAAs according to the RDA for each individual EAA.
Food samples for nuts, seeds, beans, and peas are bigger than one of chicken, and in case of rice, the sample is simply unpractical - the known fact is that cereals are not the main source of proteins.
The 2019–20 Cal Poly Mustangs men's basketball team represent California Polytechnic State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Mustangs, led by 1st-year head coach John Smith, play their home games at the Mott Athletics Center in San Luis Obispo, California as members of the Big West Conference.
On March 27, it was announced that Cal State Fullerton associate head coach John Smith would be named the 11th head coach in program history.
Roisin Meaney was born in born in Listowel, County Kerry though her family moved to Tipperary town before she was one.
He made his Twenty20 debut on 8 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
While studying at Oxford, Byles made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1862.
Atherton has worked in various countries around the world, such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Papua New Guinea and Nigeria, including a stint as a clinical instructor in Malawi.
He beat Steph Blackwell and Alice Fevronia to the title in the final, despite never having won a Star Baker in any of the previous episodes, being the first winner in the history of the show to do so.
While working as a health advisor in Malawi, he taught himself how to build an oven out of an oil drum and has invented a cake that could steam over a village fire.
Matías Waldemar Rosas Calisto (born 1 February 1998) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a Forward for Chilean club Universidad Católica.
Casper Hosting is a website hosting company, and cloud hosting provider which focuses primarily on business websites and critical web applications.
In 2019, the company refreshed its web hosting platform and relaunched it as a software-managed solution with enhanced ease of use.
Although customers can order and deploy servers, applications, and free SSL certificates by themselves; the company also specializes in developing custom deployments for critical web infrastructure consisting of floating IP addresses, automatic backups, load balancers, and managed databases.
The company complies with the US Privacy Shield and the EU GDPR, and Casper Hosting states that it does not disclose any of its user's information.
Christ among the Doctors is an oil on cavnas painting of Christ Among the Doctors by Paolo Veronese, now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain.
Its dating has been the subject of debate - the date 1548 appears on a book held by a figure seated on the stairs in the foreground, but in 1976 Diana Gisolfi Pechukas posited 1565 as the earliest possible date for the painting's production.
The work was recorded as being in the Casa Contarini in Padua in 1648, but by 1686 it was in the Real Alcázar di Madrid, possibly brought back between 1649 and 1651 by Diego Velázquez after his second trip to Italy.
Anthony David Driscoll-Glennon (born 26 November 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Grimsby Town, on loan from Burnley, as a left back.
Born in Bootle, Glennon joined Liverpool at under-6 level and spent over a decade at the club before moving to Burnley in June 2018 after impressing on trial.
On 25 July 2019, he signed a two-year extended contract with option of a further year at Turf Moor following an impressive first season in the under-23 squad, as well as being named on the first team bench for a Premier League game against Manchester City in April.
On 7 January 2020, he became manager Ian Holloway's first signing when he joined EFL League Two side Grimsby Town on loan until the end of the season.
Temple inscriptions (989—913 AD) dated in the regnal years of Goda Ravi were discovered from Chokkur (Puthur village), Nedumpuram Thali (Cochin state), Avittathur, Tripparangode, Poranghattiri, Indianur (Kottakkal) and Thrippunithura.
The records mention, among other things, certain Cheraman Maha Devi (the Chera queen), the so-called Agreement of Muzhikkulam, the chieftains of Vembanadu (Alappuzha) and Valluvanad (the later with the title Rayira Ravar).
He was the husband of the daughter of Kulasekhara (it is a possibility that he was also the son of the sister of Kulasekhara).
Vijayaraga's considerable influence over the Ay kings of Vizhinjam, nominal vassals of the Pandyas, is visible in several records discovered from that country.
The direct authority of the Chera-Perumal king was restricted to the country around capital Makotai (Mahodaya, present-day Kodungallur) in central Kerala.
His kingship was only ritual and remained nominal compared with the power that local chieftains (the udaiyavar) exercised politically and militarily.
Milton Esco Estes (May 9, 1914 – August 23, 1963) was an American country music and Southern gospel singer and musician.
Estes moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and in 1937, he debuted as a singer and MC at the Grand Ole Opry with Pee Wee King’s Golden West Cowboys.
In 1946, Estes moved back to Nashville and began performing in country music again, though he often wove gospel music into his country performances.
The photograph used as the EP's cover art was taken in front of a historical house in the city of Brusque, Santa Catarina, which belonged to the family of Aloísio Buss, a long-time friend of vocalist Chorão.
Two goals after half time, one by Heinz Blumer and the second from Otto Ludwig gave Basel a 2–0 victory and their third Cup win in their history.
Subsequently, after the 2–1 lead for Basel the Lausanne players refused to resume the game and they sat down demonstratively on the pitch.
Between the years 1960 and 1968 Stocker played a total of 309 games for Basel scoring a total of 34 goals.
171 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, 28 in the Swiss Cup, 28 were on European level and 82 were friendly games.
He scored 22 goal in the domestic league, 3 in the Cup, 2 in the European matches and the other seven were scored during the test games.
In 1968 Stocker signed for FC Baden in the Nationalliga B and a year later he transferred to SC Binningen, where he ended his football career.
He played only once under team coach Alfredo Foni on 3 May 1967 in St. Jakob Stadium Basel as the Swiss lost 1–2 against Czechoslovakia.
Otis Hamilton Lee (28 September 1902, Montevideo, Minnesota – 17 September 1948, Vermont) was an American philosopher, noteworthy as a Guggenheim Fellow.
In 1930 he received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard University, where he was an Austin Fellow from 1929 to 1930.
a course assistant who grades papers) for Alfred North Whitehead for the academic year 1931–1932, as well as a Harvard Milton Scholar for the academic year 1933–1934.
Lee pursued postdoctoral study at the University of Kiel from 1933 to 1934 and at the University of Freiburg in the summer of 1934.
For the academic year 1940–1941, he was appointed a Guggenheim Fellow for the writing of a book on the nature of philosophical inquiry.
Faal began his career in the youth team at Chingford-based Ryan before joining L'Aquila in the 2015–16 season, making his debut on the final day of the regular league season against Lupa Roma.
He played seven times in Serie D the following season, and also played in the Promozione on loan at San Gregorio before returning to England and joining Waltham Forest at the start of the 2017–18 season.
After only five apperances in the remainder of the 2018–19 season, he went on trial at Dumbarton before returning to North London and scoring 24 goals in 25 games in all competitions in the first half of the 2019–20 season before joining Bolton Wanderers on an 18-month contract on 6 January 2020.
He made his debut on 11 January in a 0–2 defeat against Rochdale, coming on as a substitute for Sonny Graham in the 66th minute.
Wurmbea tenella, common name - eight nancy, is a perennial herb in the Colchicaceae family that is native to Western Australia.
It grows in places which are seasonally wet, often on or near granite outcrops, but is also found on sandy plains, on salty red loam amongst chenopods, on limestone plains and in eucalypt woodlands.
The British Dream: Successes and Failures of Post-war Immigration is a 2013 book by British journalist, commentator, author and editor David Goodhart.
The book began as a 2014 article in Prospect (magazine) challenging the assumption that immigration is always a good thing and suggesting that mass immigration can challenge social solidarity.
Goodhart argued that because relatively homogeneous societies such as Britain was before the advent of mass immigration in the late 20th century the fact that people share values makes them willing to support one another,whereas in a highly diverse societies the sense of community that is a prerequisite for willingness to support the high taxation a welfare state requires, social solidarity declines.
The country would still have functioned perfectly well with half the levels of poor-country immigration we have experienced – it would have been more monochrome, a bit more equal and a lot more Irish”.
He points out that British voters have never been asked to approve or disapprove mass immigration, arguing that they have instead been misled or lied to on a policy that has radically changed the nature of their communities.
Four million immigrants entered Britain under Tony Blair and New Labour between 1997 and 2012, with scant mention of immigration in the Labour election manifestos of 1997 or 2001.
Joe Leesley (born 29 March 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays for Stevenage, on loan from Harrogate Town, as a winger.
Born in Sheffield, Leesley spent his early career with Matlock Town, Alfreton Town, Harrogate Town and Stockport County, moving on loan to Stevenage on 6 January 2020.
Beijing Sub-Center railway station (), also known as Beijingchengshifuzhongxin railway station, New Beijing East railway station, is a railway station in the sub-administrative center area, Tongzhou, Beijing.
This station and the ITH are designed by AREP, Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, China Railway Design Corporation, and China Architecture Design Group.
The firm is headquartered in Delhi, India and operates subsidiaries and business units in warehousing, logistics, international packaging, and transportation segments.
The Papua New Guinea FA Cup is the top association football knockout cuo tournament of Papua New Guinea, organized by the Papua New Guinea Football Association.
The warring parties in Guilin battle, one side is the Fourth Army of the Xiang Army, and the other is the Army of the New Guangxi Clique.
Henri Borguet was Belgian entrepreneur who built in Belgium the first steam passenger railway in continental Europe, between Brussels and Mechelen.
Considering that the railways would be a major economic resource and a full national network would be necessary, the Belgian government approved in 1834 a plan to build a railway between Mons, and the port of Antwerp via Brussels at a cost of 150 million Belgian francs.
The first stretch of the Belgian railway network, between northern Brussels and Mechelen, was completed in 1835 becoming the first steam passenger railway in continental Europe.
The proposed direct line between Antwerp and the Prussian border was rerouted through Mechelen, from which a short stub line to Brussels could be built, Leuven, Liège and Verviers.
Another line could connect Mechelen with Dendermonde, Ghent, Bruges and Ostend to grant a safe access to the sea since the Dutch were able to blockade the Scheldt, cutting Antwerp away from the sea).
For his contribution to the construction of the Belgian railway system, Borguet was elevated to the rank of Knight in the Order of Leopold on 14 July 1842.
A by-election for Henganofi constituency was held in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea on 15 July 1967, following the death of incumbent MHA Ugi Biritu.
Henganofi constituency consisted of two main sections, one part of Henganofi District (containing around 45% of the registered voters) and one part of Lufa District (containing 55% of the electorate).
Although all but one of the candidates came from the Lufa District, voters in Lufa awarded almost all their preference votes to other candidates from the district.
This meant that although the Henganofi candidate Bono Azanifa received by far the most first preference votes, he received only 271 preference votes from the 18,206 voters, allowing Lufa candidate Ugi Biritu to be elected on the fourth count despite receiving fewer than half the first preference votes of Azanifa.
As many voters were illiterate, polling officials used the 'whispering ballot', where voters whispered their preferred candidates to the poll clerk.
Henganofi candidate Kimi Anozampe was eliminated in the first count, with 408 of his second preferences going to fellow Henganofi candidate Azanifa and only 12 to the four Lufa candidates.
Despite only receiving 143 preference voters from Lufa candidates, Azanifa held on to his lead after most of the votes in the sixth count did not indicate a preference.
Born in 1964, graduated from American University in 1985 with a degree in economics, and in 1990 received a master's degree.
Hirofumi Kudo (; born July 3, 1959 in Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan) is a Japanese curler, a three-time (1992, 1996, 1997) and a three-time Japan men's champion (1997, 1998, 1999).
He set a new world record of 2.17 m in the men's high jump T13 event at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships.
In 2019 he qualified to represent the United States at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after winning the silver medal in the men's long jump T13 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Housebroken is an upcoming American animated sitcom created by Clea Duvall, Jennifer Crittenden, and Gabrielle Allan for the Fox Broadcasting Company.
The Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee is an oil on canvas painting by Paolo Veronese, completed in 1570 for San Sebastiano, a Hieronymite monastery in Venice.
They are all framed by huge trompe l'oeil architecture modelled on the contemporary architecture of Palladio - Veronese had collaborated with him on decorating the Villa Barbaro in Maser.
The huge number of surrounding figures, the scuffle with animals in the centre and the secular details in the work were all cited in Veronese's trial by the Inquisition in 1573.
He was a member of the National Congress from 1992 to 1994, and served as governor of Azuay Province between 2007 and 2009.
The 2020 South and Central American Men's Handball Championship was the first edition of the championship and was held from 21 to 25 January 2020 in Brazil.
Democracy in Deficit: The Political Legacy of Lord Keynes - a book by American economists James M. Buchanan and Richard E. Wagner originally published in 1977.
It was started in response to concerns about the entry of large companies into Internet publishing, and to promote freedom of speech.
In 2008, Micheal Hemmingson of San Diego Reader wrote that the Electronic Frontier Foundation suggested using services such as NearlyFreeSpeech.net and Tor software to avoid being fired for blogging.
In 2009 Shawn Powers of Linux Journal reviewed Nearly Free Speech and recommended them over GoDaddy even after having some technical issues.
In 2012, Kelly Fiveash of The Register said US-based hosting firm Nearly Free Speech resisted UK government attempts to take down the Badger-Killers website, which had personal details of persons deemed to be badger cull supporters, including politicians, farmers and professors.
The 1898 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 8, 1898, to elect members to the Senate of the 31st and 32nd Minnesota Legislatures.
The Party consolidated much of the third party support that had become a large factor in the elections of 1890 and 1894.
The People's Party endorsed a handful of Democratic candidates that ended up winning and caucusing as a Democrat in the Senate.
In the 48th District, two Republicans ran against one another, and the winner was the one who had not been endorsed by the Party.
The Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee is a c.1565 oil on canvas painting by Veronese, now in the Galleria Sabauda in Turin.
As the production of video films gained momentum, the Chakma film industry got expanded and around 3-10 films are made each year.
Mor Thengari is the first Bangladeshi Chakma language film telling a story for the first time in an indigenous language in Bangladesh.
It branches off of the Adams Subdivision to the north in Clyman Junction, Wisconsin, and continues south to Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, where the line terminates.
It is a segment of a former Chicago and North Western Railway line, which ran from Fond du Lac to Janesville.
With songs in English and a heavier sonority than what the band would develop in future outputs, inspired by acts such as Blink-182, Sublime, Bad Brains and Suicidal Tendencies, the demo was a massive success in the underground scene of Santos.
The demo was originally recorded in 1993; according to guitarist Marcão in a 2017 interview, to finance its recording bassist Champignon had to pawn one of his bass guitars, and vocalist Chorão a television set.
Chorão later confessed in an interview that, after listening to the demo after it was finished recording, he cried of joy.
Regarding the premise of the album, Armbruster stated that it focuses on the concept of control, examining it on a more broad societal level as well as a personal level.
They slowly released singles over a long period of time leading up to the album release, instead of the typical system of releasing the album first and then following it up with singles.
Armbruster contrasted their album campaign to television shows on Netflix, which consumers are often able to view multiple episodes of in one sitting, therefore consuming the content all at once.
The band also made available a bundle consisting of the signed vinyl, an album-themed shirt, a Polaroid photograph taken of the album's recording sessions, and a sheet of lyrics handwritten by Armbruster.
The 2020 Copa Bicentenario will be played between June and July while the Peru national football team prepared for and competed in the 2020 Copa América.
The tournament was played as a knockout competition, with the participation of the 20 teams of the Liga 1, and 10 teams of the Liga 2.
She competed at the in the women's individual event at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games and finished seventeenth with a score of 2269 points.
He entered the house on 5 January 2020 on day-1 as one among the 17 housemates and was evicted on day-21.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
It is usually attributed to Veronese, though Giovanni Battista Zelotti, Adolfo Venturi and Arslan have attributed it to Giovanni Battista Zelotti, with Arslan initially suggesting it was a collaboration between Veronese and Zelotti.
This is a list of winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Casting, which is presented to casting directors, given out by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts since 2020.
QT8: The First Eight (originally titled 21 Years: Quentin Tarantino; stylized as QT8 | Quentin Tarantino: The First Eight) is a 2019 American documentary film co-produced and directed by Tara Wood.
In 2016, the documentary was picked up by The Weinstein Company, who had collaborated on all of Tarantino's films at the time, for an international release, with the exception on the French-speaking market.
In July of that same year, the studio's successor Lantern Entertainment was formed, and relinquished the film out of the sale by September.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has earned a 90% critical rating based on 21 reviews, with an average rating of 7.08/10.
She has released one EP, one acoustic visual EP, and her songs have been used in several television shows and in film.
When she was six months old, war broke out between that country and Senegal forcing her family to escape leaving behind a comfortable lifestyle and keeping nothing.
Marieme and her siblings lived with her aunt in Senegal, while her parents moved to the Bronx, New York in the United States.
I found out later that my dad was the one who bought it because there was a discount at his job or something.
At the University of Buffalo, Marieme studied journalism and communication, and even studied and interned in feature writing in London, United Kingdom.
It was in high schoolwhen a jazz history class played Billie Holiday that she realized what she wanted to become, and did so with a vocal range of several octaves.
As we learn more and more about ourselves and the human condition over time, it is very important to know our limits in order to be able to exceed them and be able to reach our true goal.
Often, misplaced pride keeps us from moving forward, and in the song we meant not to be too proud and to be able to ask for help when we needed it.
Initially available on YouTube only in Senegal, it became popular enough to be made available internationally by the platform in June.
Since the beginning of her musical career Marieme has performed around the United States including dates in New York City and Los Angeles.
In November 2019, she performed at the Kick 4 Life Gala at the Angel Orensanz Center, with 100 percent of the proceeds donated to provide education to at-risk children in Lesotho, Southern Africa.
Back in Senegal, Marieme became known for the live performances she does with popular African musicians, Akon, Youssou N’Dour and Pape et Cheikh.
The Martyrdom of Saint Justina is a c.1570-1575 oil on canvas painting by Paolo Veronese with assistance from his younger brother, originally produced for Santa Giustina Basilica in Padua and now in the Uffizi in Florence.
From there it passed into the collection of Paolo del Sera, agent and intermediary in Venice for cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici.
In CNVi, the network adapter's large and usually pricey functional blocks (MAC components, memory, processor and associated logic/firmware) are moved inside the CPU/chipset combo (Platform Controller Hub).
Only the signal processor, analog and Radio frequency (RF) functions are left on the companion external upgradeable CRF module which, as of 2019 comes in M.2 form factor.
CNVi requires chipset and Intel CPU support to use M.2 CNVi Wi-Fi 6 cards, otherwise the Wi-Fi + Bluetooth module has to be the traditional M.2 PCIe form factor.
CNVi was introduced on desktop platforms in 2017 with the launch of Gemini Lake and on mobile Intel platforms in 2018 with Coffee Lake.
In 1988 she completed an MA in political science at the University of Illinois, Urbana, and in 1995 received a PhD there, also in political science.
The book uses dynamic modeling to capture patterns in the behavior of major world powers since 1816, focusing specifically on the rivalries between those powers.
The book combines theories about balance of power and power transitions into a formal model which, through numerical simulations, produces more than a dozen specific hypotheses.
The book arose from Kadera's dissertation, for which she had previously won the 1996 Peace Science Society’s Walter Isard Dissertation Award.
Kadera's research on topics like the survival of democratic regimes, international conflict management, and the evolution of war and peace over time has been published in journals like the American Journal of Political Science, International Studies Quarterly, and Conflict Management and Peace Science.
In addition to research on international conflict and the survival of democratic regimes, including pieces on gender and conflict studies, Kadera has notably worked on equity issues within world politics.
She has published on the undervaluation of research done by women in the study of world politics, and has promoted the mentoring of women who are junior scholars in international relations.
She was the first organizer of the Pay It Forward program at the International Studies Association, which organizes a workshop that connects women who are already established researchers in international studies as mentors for women who are junior scholars in the field.
Kadera is a member of the 2020-2024 editorial leadership of the American Political Science Review, which is the most selective political science journal.
She was amongst the last 23 people executed in the country prior to the executions moratorium enacted by then-president Kim Dae-jung.
The family relied entirely on her husband's salary as a painter, but that didn't stop Kim from borrowing money from various people, due to her frequent visits to cabarets and a gambling addiction.
On October 31, 1986, Sun-ja asked 49-year-old Kim Gye-hwan, a friend of hers who also lived in Sindang-dong, to go to the bathroom together.
On April 4, 1987, Kim asked 50-year-old Jeon Soon-ja, a creditor who lived in Sindang-dong, if they could ride the bus together so she could get some money in Yeongdeungpo.
While riding on the bus, Jeon started complaining that her drink had been poisoned with something, and fell from her seat.
On February 10, 1988, she suggested to 46-year-old Kim Soon-ja, another creditor based in Sindang-dong, that they go to a coffee shop together so Soon-ja could receive money from a debtor.
Sun-ja said that she would get better if she had more of the healthy drink, but suggested that they get out of the taxi first.
On March 27, 1988, Kim took the intercity bus together with her father, 73-year-old Kim Jong-chun, who was returning home from visiting some relatives.
On April 29, 1988, Sun-ja handed a poisoned drink to her 46-year-old younger sister while they were waiting at the Hwayang-dong bus stop, near the Children's Grand Park.
The younger Kim fell down on the city bus due to the poisoning, was taken to a nearby hospital by a fellow passenger, but succumbed to the cyanide shortly after.
Sun-ja, who had stolen her handbag and jewelry, managed to run away while her sister was carried off from the bus.
On August 8, 1988, Kim met her 46-year-old cousin, Son Si-won, who lived in Changsin-dong, at a coffee shop in Sungin-dong.
Kim proceeded to borrow 484 million won, ostensibly for a deposit required to buy a house, and then gave her cousin a poisoned drink.
The police had carried out autopsies on four people who died under suspicious circumstances, finding citric acid in three of the bodies.
Kim vehemently denied the accusations, but nevertheless, police searched her home in order to find evidence, while Sun-ja's body was examined by a policewoman.
In addition, the day after she had murdered Son Si-won, Kim deposited a check in an account at the Sadang-dong branch of the CHB Bank.
A police officer, while searching through her home, found a small hole in a newspaper while looking at the toilet in the restroom.
According to the investigators, she had bought it from a nephew working at a chemical company, under the pretense of catching pheasants.
On the day of her execution, 22 other violent criminals were also executed in prisons around the country, the last executions conducted in South Korea.
Kim Sun-ja's serial poisonings were also reenacted in episode 251 of the program 'Sponge' (broadcast on KBS2 on September 20, 2008) and episode 2 of 'That Day' (broadcast on Channel A on December 14, 2014).
Lament over the Dead Christ is a c.1548 oil on canvas painting by Paolo Veronese, now in the Museo di Castelvecchio in Verona.
It was commissioned by Hieronymite monks for the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie and completed in 1548, the same year as Bevilacqua-Lazise Altarpiece (now in the same museum).
Joseph William Thorpe Redfearn, (1921 Wombwell, West Riding of Yorkshire - 9 June 2011, Brightlingsea, Essex) was an English army officer, medical physiologist, psychiatrist and analytical psychotherapist and writer.
He received a scholarship to Emmanuel College, Cambridge where he gained a Double first in the Natural sciences tripos and Psychology.
Back in the UK during his National service he was head of the physiology unit in the army operational research group in the rank of captain.
After resigning his army commission in 1952 he spent five years at the clinical psychiatry research unit of Graylingwell Hospital, West Sussex, where along with Olof Lippold and others, he researched depersonalization states and evoked critical potentials in animals, including humans and contributed to numerous scientific papers.
At the invitation of Sir Aubrey Lewis he applied for and gained a post at the Maudsley Hospital in South London where he became a consultant psychotherapist.
Redfearn became a member of the founding generation of the Society of Analytical Psychology (SAP) and received clinical supervision from German refugee Gerhard Adler, himself trained by Carl Jung in Zurich.
Over the course of fifty years, Redfearn treated many analytic patients, became a Training Analyst, supervised trainees, became Chair of the Society (1967–70) and Director of Training (1971-1983).
His much cited papers published in various journals reflect his enduring concern with the nature of the Self and with the body and his concept of 'subpersonalities'.
For instance, his 1982 paper on persons as things and things as persons has reverberated in a subsequent work by a philosopher considering ourselves in relation to the built environment.
It demonstrates how treatment characteristic of SAP practitioners is centred on concern for patients whose breakdown threatens disintegration and who may be on or past the brink of psychosis.
He agreed with Jung that, 'the goal of psychic development is the self', and he painted mandalas to give expression to this aim.
In 1974 with two colleagues, Dr. Camilla Bosanquet and Peter Lomas, Redfearn established an independent psychotherapy institution, the Guild of Psychotherapists.
Mariza Dias Costa (October 16, 1952 – March 29, 2019) was a Guatemalan-Brazilian political cartoonist and illustrator who influenced her genre with her novel approach.
Costa is said to have been born in Guatemala, but other sources say she was born in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
She had to work fast as she would receive the text for the column and the space was already identified for her illustration.
She was taken ill on the street and she was taken by ambulance to the hospital but she did not survive.
She won the silver medal in the women's PT2 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
From there it flows, while forming the boundary between Las Piedras and Progreso, initially in a north-westerly direction before its course from the confluence of its right-hand tributary Arroyo Colorado Chico snaps to the southwest.
On its last section from the confluence of the Arroyo de las Piedras, it forms the border of the Departamentos of Canelones and Montevideo, to then flow left into the Santa Lucía River.
This remained at odds with Federal prohibition at the beginning of the year (see List of Schedule I drugs (US)), although the House of Representatives held hearings in January on bills that could reschedule the substance or deschedule it entirely.
None of them were for continuing prohibition, with positions including Federal legalization (22 candidates, including Republican challenger William Weld), states' choice (five candidates), and Federal decriminalization (one candidate).
The German town of Baden-Baden in the Black Forest was the target of various Allied air raids in 1944 and 1945 and suffered some bomb damage.
On 11 March 1943 Baden-Baden was probably an alternate target when Lichtenthal, a residential area in the southwest of the town, was hit by bombs and Saint Bonifatius Church was severely damaged.
about 300 houses), a residential area in the north of the town, was destroyed or heavily damaged by bombs and Saint Dionysius Church was severely damaged as well.
On 2 January 1945 another air raid caused extensive damage to the railway station of Oos and to various barracks in the northern part of Baden-Baden.
11 industrial plants, 113 commercial enterprises and 19 public buildings including two churches were destroyed or seriously damaged, and 5.77% of the housing was heavily damaged by bombs.
Curtin has lived in Cork, Dublin, Portlaoise and London but she is currently living in Limerick with her husband, cat and has three children.
Graduated in law in 1968, continues profudizing his law studies at University of Bonn and University of Fribourg, before obtain a doctorate in Jurisprudence at the Tor Vergata University (Rome), where since 1980 is professor of Philosophy of Law.
Started as professor in 1974 in several Italian universities (as the University of Salento and University of Urbino), and visiting professor in France, Spain and America (as in the New York University School of Law).
Presides the Union of Italian Catholic Jurists and is the emeritus president of the National Committee of Bioethics of Italy, member of the Pontifical Academy for Life and a consultant of the Pontifical Council for the Family.
Erik Martin (born May 26, 1971) is an American basketball coach and former professional player, currently serving as assistant coach for the West Virginia Mountaineers.
A native of California, Martin played one season of college basketball at TCU before transferring to Santa Ana College, a junior college in California where he was a first-team All-State selection.
In 1991 he joined the University of Cincinnati, and with the Bearcats he reached the Final Four during the 1992 NCAA Tournament.
After going undrafted in the 1993 NBA draft he played for various CBA teams and abroad in South Korea and Taiwan.
He also earned two selections in the United States national team: he won the silver medal at the 1995 Pan American Games and the gold medal during the 1997 Tournament of the Americas.
After retiring as a player he has held several assistant coach jobs, mainly for Bob Huggins, first at Kansas State and later at West Virginia.
Martin is a native of West Covina, California, and he attended Whittier Christian High School in nearby La Habra, where he played as a center and power forward.
A starter since his sophomore year, in his junior season Martin averaged 21.9 points and 14.1 rebounds per game, earning the Most Valuable Player award in the 1-A league and was selected in the All-Southern and All-State First Teams.
In April 1990 Martin announced that he was leaving TCU and transferring to another school; he chose Santa Ana College (which at the time was called Rancho Santiago Junior College).
While at Rancho Santiago, Martin averaged 22.5 points (832 total) and 9.4 rebounds per game over 37 games (he averaged 25 points per game over 12 games of conference play), and established a program record for highest field goal percentage in a seasion with 63.7%.
At the end of the season Rancho Santiago won the state championship, and Martin was selected in the All-State first team.
Martin and Blount were recruited by assistant coach Steve Moeller, who had brought to the Bearcats other junior college players: Nick Van Exel, Terry Nelson and Herb Jones (who had transferred to Cincinnati in 1990).
The Bearcats experienced a successful season and won the Great Midwest Conference Tournament, gaining access to the NCAA Tournament: Martin played all 5 games of the tournament, averaging 7.4 points and 5.8 rebounds, and during the Final Four he recorded a double-double of 10 points and 10 rebounds against Michigan in a tournament-high 30 minutes of play.
On December 11, 1992, in a game against Southeast Missouri State, Martin shot 10-for-11 from the field (90.9%), recording the 2nd-best shooting performance in Cincinnati history at the time.
Martin ended the season averaging 13.5 points, 6.7 rebounds and 1.4 assists in 27.1 minutes per game, having started all 31 games.
He ranked 2nd on the team in scoring behind Van Exel, and was the team leader in rebounds and blocks per game; that year he also led the conference in field goal percentage with 60.3%.
Cincinnati again qualified for the NCAA Tournament, and Martin played all 4 games, recording a tournament-high 21 points against New Mexico State on March 21, and played 42 minutes against North Carolina on March 28, posting 16 points and 6 rebounds.
After the end of his senior season in 1993, Martin was automatically eligible for the 1993 NBA draft, but he was not drafted by an NBA franchise.
On October 28, 1993 Martin signed a non-guaranteed one-year contract with the Golden State Warriors of the NBA, as a replacement for injured forward Chris Gatling; he was waived on November 2, and signed with the Yakima Sun Kings of the CBA.
In his rooke season in the CBA Martin played 55 games (22 starts), averaging 11.5 points and 5.6 rebounds per game, and also appeared in a playoff game, recording 14 points and 5 rebounds in 25 minutes of play.
For the following season Martin decided to stay with the Sun Kings, and appeared in 45 games with averages of 12.4 points, 5.4 rebounds, 1,8 assists, 1.4 steals and 1.7 blocks per game in 26 minutes per contest; he was selected in the All-Defensive First Team and was the runner-up for Defensive Player of the Year, finishing behind Mike Bell.
At the end of the season the Sun Kings won the league title, and Martin averaged 9.8 points and 5.7 rebounds over 14 playoff games.
In the summer of 1995 Martin had shoulder surgery, and did not play a single game during the 1995–96 CBA season.
With the new team Martin found increased playing time, starting 22 of 47 games and averaging 9.8 points, 5.6 rebounds, 1.9 assists and 1.3 steals per game.
In 1997 Martin signed with the Idaho Stampede, a new franchise that selected him during the 1997 CBA expansion draft in late May.
He started the season with the Stampede; after 10 games (9 starts) during which he averaged 8.2 points, 4.7 rebounds and a career-high 3.2 assists per game, Martin joined the La Crosse Bobcats, and played 35 games with the team, averaging 6.5 points and 4.9 rebounds.
Towards the end of the season he joined the Yakima Sun Kings again, and played 5 regular season games and 5 playoff games.
Martin played for the Seoul SK Knights for the 2001–02 KBL season in South Korea, averaging 14.8 points and 12.3 rebounds per game over 45 games.
Martin was called up for the United States men's national basketball team for the first time in 1995 for the XII Pan American Games held in Mar del Plata, Argentina.
The US national team was put together by Mike Thibault and included only players from the Continental Basketball Association, an American minor league: Martin was playing for the Yakima Sun Kings at the time, and had just won the 1994–95 CBA season with the team.
During the competition Martin played 7 games, and averaged 7.7 points and 3.9 rebounds, shooting 75.8% from the field (second on the team behind Mike Williams).
At the end of the Pan American Games the United States won the silver medal, having lost the final game to Argentina, despite Martin's 15 points and 8 rebounds.
Martin received a second call-up for Team USA in 1997, and was included in the team that participated in the 1997 Tournament of the Americas in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Again, the team was formed by CBA players, and Martin was a member of the Idaho Stampede roster at the time.
Martin played all 9 games during the competition, averaging 3.3 points and 2.8 rebounds per game, led the team in blocks with a total of 9 (tied with Michael McDonald), and won the gold medal.
He started in 2003 at Jacobs Center High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, and had the double role of head coach of the junior varsity team and assistant coach for the varsity team for one season.
He then joined the coaching staff of Cincinnati State Technical and Community College as an assistant to head coach Andre Tate, and spent two years in the position.
In August 2006 he joined Bob Huggins' staff at Kansas State for the 2006–07 season, on his first position in a NCAA Division I program.
When Huggins took up the head coach position at West Virginia, Martin followed him: he has been working as an assistant coach since the 2007–08 season.
The 2019 MAAC Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference held from November 3 through November 10, 2019.
Isabella Claude Potbury (1890 – 31 July 1965) was a portrait painter, a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and a militant suffragette who was arrested several times and imprisoned during which she was force-fed.
Potbury was back in court at the London Sessions on 12 December 1911 and again appeared at Bow Street on 7 March 1912 after breaking ten windows with Olive Wharry and Mollie Ward at Messers Robinson and Cleaver on Regent Street in London valued at £195.
A student aged 22, Potbury was sent for trial at the London Sessions on 19 March 1912, receiving a sentence of six months imprisonment in Holloway Prison where she was a co-signatory on The Suffragette Handkerchief in 1912.
Griffin was a prize that between 1807 and 1809 made one voyage as a whaler to the British Southern Whale Fishery.
Jackson, (born May 9, 1996) is an American basketball player for the Köping Stars in the Basketligan, the highest tier of basketball in Sweden.
He moved to Los Angeles at a young age so his father could coach at a high school, then back to Georgia where the elder Jackson became an assistant at Mercer.
After a high school career at Olympic High School in Charlotte, North Carolina, Jackson did a postgraduate year at Montverde Academy in Montverde, Florida.
In his lone season at Eastern Florida State College, Jackson averaged 16.9 points, 4.9 rebounds and 4.4 assists per game for the team.
In his first season for the Buckeyes, where he was coached by Thad Matta, Jackson was the back-up point guard and averaged 5.5 points, 2.4 rebounds and 2.8 assists.
The following season, the new head coach Chris Holtmann gave Jackson the starting position at the backcourt and Jackson improved his stats and averaged 12.5 points, 3.8 rebounds and 3.8 assists per game for the Buckeyes.
In his first game as a professional, on September 27 2019, Jackson made the game-winning points when Köping defeated last year's silver medalist Borås Basket in the 2019-20 Basketligan premiere game.
With 0.8 seconds left and down by two points, Jackson scored a layup to tie the game, was fouled in the act of shooting and got a bonus throw that he hit to make the game-ending score 91-90.
The 1880 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election.
With 10.02% of the popular vote, Iowa would prove to be Greenback Party candidate James B. Weaver's second strongest state after Texas.
The Duke of Buckingham series is a 1590s cycle of Old and New Testament paintings by Paolo Veronese and his workshop.
They were acquired in Venice in 1595 by Charles de Croy, then duke of Aarschot, and moved to his castle at Beaumont.
Most of the series are in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, though two are in the National Gallery in Prague and one in the National Gallery of Art in Washington.
The Reich President's Palace () was from 1919 to 1934 an official residence of the Reich President and the official seat of the German head of state.
73 and housed the , which regulated all matters related to the function of the Reich President as a state institution.
Private apartments of the President and some of his employees where in Palace as well as various representation and reception rooms.
The building, which later served as the Reich President's Palace, was built between 1735 and 1737 at the instigation of King Frederick William I of Prussia.
For the western Friedrichstadt Extension handsome buildings were to be built on the later Wilhelmstrasse; in return, the king awarded inexpensive land and contributed building materials.
The builder was the Berliner Conrad Wiesend ; Frenchmen (from the Berlin Huguenot community) may also have been involved in the design of the representative building in Style Louis XV.
On April 2, 1757, a few weeks before his death in the Battle of Prague, he sold the palace, including its furnishings, for 50,000 thalers to Stephan Peter Oliver, .
Her only child, a daughter from her first marriage to Julius Gebhard, imperial count , was disowned because of high indebtedness, so that of their six children Prince Friedrich August Carl von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Ingelfingen became the sole heir of the palace.
From 1816 the court book printer used the representative rooms for his family, his publishing house and a literary salon, while the wings also worked like a factory.
In 1919 the German Reich acquired the property from the abdicated German Emperor Wilhelm II, who at that time was urgently in need of funds for the purchase of the Dutch manor Huis Doorn.
The banker Eduard von der Heydt acted as an intermediary for the transaction, which was kept top secret for a long time.
The respective Chancellor (von Papen, Schleicher, Hitler) was assigned the apartment of the State Secretary of the Reich Chancellery as accommodation during this phase, which was built in 1930 in the annex to the Old Reich Chancellery.
After insignificant bomb hits and air pressure damage, the palace suffered from fires and artillery hits in the final stages of the street battles for the government district during the Battle of Berlin.
Particularly damaging was the dismantling the iron roof structure, when the four baroque sandstone sculptures, including balustrade and the cartouche of the middle avant-corps, were toppled and destroyed.
However, the magistrate unexpectedly decided in December 1959 to demolish the Reich President's Palace, the neighboring Palaces of Princes Alexander and Georg and Monbijou Palace.
The balcony grille above the central portal has been preserved and is still located today in a residential building in Berlin-Köpenick, Bahnhofstraße 4.
The two sandstone lions, who crowned the pillars of the gate on Wilhelmstrasse, were initially moved to Tierpark Berlin at Berlin-Friedrichsfelde.
In the 1980s the GDR had an extensive Plattenbau residential complex built along Wilhelmstrasse, and thus also over the old building, in order to erase the memory of Prussian Wilhelmstrasse.
It stands in front of Number 78 in the Wilhelmstrasse, which was opened again for public access in 1993 after the German reunification.
In addition, there were some outbuildings such as a garage for the President's vehicle fleet, a rear building and various small garden houses, greenhouses and a chicken coop.
In later years it was common for a twenty-member honorary formation of the Reichswehr to take a stand on the courtyard whenever the President entered or left his office.
In the courtyard there was a fountain decorated with allegorical figures, behind which a wide glass staircase led to the entrance to the palace.
The caretaker of the building (usually a man named Horst Tappe) lived in an apartment on the top floor, while the chauffeur of the head of state (Heinrich Demant) lived in the rooms above the former imperial stables that had been converted into a garage for the vehicle fleet.
The building was surrounded by a large park, which included walking paths, lawns and flower beds as well as some vegetable beds hidden behind hedges.
And secondly, those people who came to the palace during the day to perform certain tasks, but did not live there privately.
In addition to the Reich President Ebert and von Hindenburg, the head of the head of state's office, State Secretary Otto Meissner, was constantly at home in the palace from 1920 to 1939.
During Ebert's presidency, his wife and two sons lived in the palace, while Hindenburg brought his son Oskar and his daughter-in-law and the couple's three children, of whom the youngest was born in the palace with.
The President's staff and household staff were only to be found on the premises during the working hours of the palace.
Among the members of the staff of the Reich President, whose most important collaborators were Ebert and Hindenburg in the same way, are to be emphasized: The Ministerialrat , who dealt with domestic affairs, and the Legationsrat Oswald von Hoyningen-Huene, who was assigned to the President of the Reich as representative of the Federal Foreign Office, as well as High Government Councilor Wilhelm Geilenberg, who ran the cash register.
Under Hindenburg his son Oskar von Hindenburg took over the post of the first military adjutant of the Reich President and that of the second adjutant.
It stands in spacious meadows, surrounded by forest, at the intersection of the road which leads to Cuprum and the Kleinschmidt grade.
Set at this major intersection, and being the largest building within a forty mile-radius, it is the major architectural landmark in the Cuprum area.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his seventeenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
Since 1960, the Terriers have played their home games at the 69th Regiment Armory and the team often practiced while soldiers were conducting drills.
The band's first DVD release, it came out in 2002 through EMI and originally recorded at a gig at the DirecTV Music Hall in São Paulo, later to be broadcast by direct broadcast satellite service provider DirecTV.
Other towns in the shire included Henty and Walla Walla and the villages of Alma Park, Bulgandry, Cookardinia, Morven and Walbundrie.
Culcairn Shire was amalgamated with Holbrook Shire and part of Hume Shire to form Greater Hume Shire on 26 May 2004.
It has an outset center bay, with a one-story portico of Doric columns, with a fanlight in its gable; the portico's roof-balcony has an iron balustrade.
Nicholas Greusel (July 4, 1817 – April 25, 1896) commanded the 36th Illinois Infantry Regiment during the early part of the American Civil War.
At the start of the Civil War he joined a three-month Illinois regiment, rising to field officer rank before the state governor appointed him colonel of the 36th Illinois.
Nicholas found employment for a year with the mother of Hamilton Fish, and for a second year worked in a brickyard.
In 1844, he was elected Alderman of the Fourth Ward of Detroit as a member of the Whig Party and served for two years.
The regiment served under James Monroe Bankhead's command in the area around Orizaba and Córdoba, skirmishing with guerillas and small groups of Mexican regulars.
Of D Company's 105 soldiers who began the war, 85 returned home, which represented fewer losses than suffered by the other companies.
By good management of company funds, Greusel saved $300 which he used to buy new shirts and shoes for his soldiers.
In 1849 he was appointed superintendent of the city water works and in 1850–1852 he became Inspector General of lumber for Michigan.
On April 18, 1861, after the Battle of Fort Sumter, Captain Greusel enrolled the Aurora Company in the Illinois militia for three-months service.
At the Battle of Pea Ridge on March 7–8, 1862, Greusel commanded the 2nd Brigade in the 1st Division under Peter Joseph Osterhaus.
The brigade's units were the 36th Illinois, 12th Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and two Illinois cavalry companies under Albert Jenks and Henry A. Smith.
By 9:00 am on March 7, Curtis received positive information that Earl Van Dorn's Confederate army made a turning movement and was approaching his army's right rear.
He ordered Osterhaus to march to Leetown with some cavalry units and Greusel to follow with his brigade and elements of the 3rd Division.
The soldiers did not panic and Osterhaus arrived to find Greusel calmly directing the deployment of the troops along the southern edge of Oberson's field.
The position was manned by Greusel's two regiments plus three M1841 12-pounder howitzers of Martin Welfley's Missouri Battery and the six guns of Louis Hoffman's 4th Ohio Battery.
When the 6th Texas Cavalry Regiment suddenly burst into Oberson's field, it was quickly taken under fire and compelled to retreat.
Greusel ordered the gunners to lob howitzer shells over the woods and this blind fire proved surprisingly effective, panicking the Confederates' Indian allies.
He also sent a skirmish line composed of Silas Miller's Company B and Irving Parkhurst's Company G of the 36th Illinois to the northern edge of the field.
As the Confederate troops wavered, the Federal left flank infantry swept forward to victory with Greusel's two regiments in the front line on the left.
The 36th Illinois lost four killed, 37 wounded, and 34 missing while the 12th Missouri lost three killed, 29 wounded, and two missing.
From June 1 to September 4, 1862, Greusel commanded the 1st Brigade in the 5th Division of the Army of the Mississippi.
During this period, which included the Siege of Corinth, the 5th Division was led first by Alexander Asboth and later by Gordon Granger.
At the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862, Greusel commanded the 37th Brigade in Philip Sheridan's 11th Division, Charles Champion Gilbert's III Corps, Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio.
A second source recorded losses of 12 killed, 61 wounded, and four missing in the 36th Illinois, eight killed and 35 wounded in the 88th Illinois, 22 wounded in the 21st Michigan, and one killed in the 24th Wisconsin.
On the late afternoon of October 7, Greusel's brigade was committed to help the Federal cavalrymen, causing the Confederate horsemen under Joseph Wheeler to pull back.
A firefight ensued at range across a cornfield with the 88th Illinois on the right of the 36th Illinois and Daniel McCook Jr.'s brigade on its left.
At the Battle of Stones River on December 31, 1862–January 2, 1863, Greusel commanded the 36th Illinois in Joshua W. Sill's 1st Brigade, Sheridan's 3rd Division, Alexander McDowell McCook's Right Wing, William Rosecrans's Army of the Cumberland.
An hour after the Confederates attacked McCook's right flank on the morning of December 31, five Union brigades were fleeing in confusion or panic.
At some time after 7:00 am, the last of Jefferson C. Davis's brigades and Sheridan's division began to come under attack.
During the first clash, Sill was shot dead and Greusel assumed leadership of the brigade, with Silas Miller taking command of the 36th Illinois.
Out of ammunition and unable to secure 0.67 caliber cartridges (0.58 caliber was standard issue), the 36th Illinois was given permission to withdraw.
Sheridan pulled back to a second position, sending the 88th Illinois and 21st Michigan to hold a position near the Harding farm.
On January 2, 1863 after several days of fighting and no sleep, Sheridan and Greusel lay down to sleep in a crude brush shelter.
After the war was over, on October 15, 1865, Sheridan wrote a highly complimentary letter to Greusel, thanking him for his services.
On September 1, 1866 he moved to Burlington, Iowa and took a new job as Roadmaster for the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad.
In 1876, at the International Peace Union convention at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia there was a proposal to convert swords into useful tools.
He said it was the sword he carried during the Mexican-American War and the Civil War and that he originally planned to give it to his heirs.
Greusel died in Mount Pleasant at 1:00 am on April 25, 1896 and was buried in Aurora, Illinois at the Spring Lake Cemetery.
Holy Family with Saint Catherine and Saint John the Baptist is an oil on canvas painting by Paolo Veronese, now in the Uffizi in Florence.
Its dating is debated, varying between his early period and his late one, the latter influenced by Tintoretto, with the latter the majority view, placing it in c.1562-1565.
1890/813), one by Gian Antonio Guardi (Seattle Art Museum) and a third of almost exactly the same dimensions as the original, possibly autograph (Baltimore Museum of Art).
No records survive of who commissioned the painting, though Martinelli theorises that it may have been the Barbaro family, whose patron saint was Catherine of Alexandria and which had previously commissioned other works from the artist.
It was recorded as being in Venice in 1648 in the residence of the Windmann family from Carinzia near the church of San Canciano.
The 2019–20 Southern Miss Golden Eagles men's basketball team represents the University of Southern Mississippi during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Golden Eagles, led by first-year head coach Jay Ladner, play their home games at Reed Green Coliseum in Hattiesburg, Mississippi as members of Conference USA.
Under Sadler, the Golden Eagles went 56–94 overall, but this season was their best under Sadler, in which the team went 20–13 overall and finished tied for 2nd in conference play.
The following day, new Nebraska head coach Fred Hoiberg announced he had hired Sadler, a former Cornhuskers head coach who had spent a season on Hoiberg's staff at Iowa State, as an assistant.
The 1888 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election.
Portrait of Iseppo da Porto and his son Adriano is a c.1555 oil on canvas painting by Paolo Veronese, now in the Contini Bonacossi collection, on long-term loan to the Uffizi in Florence.
It is a pendant to a portrait of Iseppo's wife Livia or Lucia Thien, who he married in 1545, and one of their daughters.
It was acquired in Paris from the Sedelmeyer collection by Alessandro Contini Bonacossi, though its female pendant was by then in a private collection in Vicenza, from which it later passed to the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore.
He was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1956 to 1965, representing Metropolitan Province.
Mattiske was born in the regional town of York, and was educated at York State School, Northam High School and Perth Modern School and the University of Western Australia, where he received a diploma of commerce.
He was a junior clerk in the state Premier's Department from 1928 to 1934 and then a clerk from 1934 to 1940; by 1940 he was the accountant for the State Gardens Board and the Perth Zoo.
He was promoted to inspecting accountant in the Treasury Department on 19 March 1940, but enlisted for service in World War II with the Perth-based 5th Anti-Aircraft Battery on 30 January 1942.
He was stationed at the 418 Gun Station, then the School of Artillery and then the Perth Anti-Aircraft Headquarters, and was promoted to sergeant in May 1942 and acting lieutenant in October 1942.
He was placed on the military's retired list on 24 April 1945 and resigned from the state public service on 15 June 1945.
He then worked as a public accountant in private practice from 1946 to 1974, while continuing in his role at the BIC for several years.
He served as a member of the Perth Road Board from 1953 to 1957, the Registrar of the Hairdressers' Registration Board and the secretary of the West Australian Amateur Football Association.
He also became a life member of the South Perth Cricket Club in 1947, and was appointed a justice of the peace in 1954.
After leaving politics, Mattiske continued his accountancy practice, was state president of the RSPCA from 1961 to 1979, was a director of the Perth Building Society from 1966 until 1983 and was the honorary consul of Finland in Perth from 1972.
She started attending the Clontarf day centre of the Irish Wheelchair Association in the mid 1980s, where she was introduced to lawn bowls, for which she proved to have a natural aptitude.
She won the national special bowls novice title in 1985, winning the Irish senior titles in 1986 and 1987, making her the first bowler from the Republic of Ireland to do so.
She trained in Northern Ireland in preparation for the 1988 Paralympic Games in Seoul, Korea, training against and often defeating top able-bodied players.
Mullen travelled to Korea against the advice of her doctors, but supported by her family and medical supervision provided by the Paralympic Council of Ireland.
The Witch is a lost 1916 American silent film drama directed by Frank Powell, produced by Fox Film Corporation, and starring Nance O'Neil, Alfred Hickman, and Frank Russell.
With its storyline set in early twentieth-century Mexico, this lost film portrayed the plight of Zora Fernandez (Nance O'Neil), a beautiful and exotic woman who becomes entangled in a love affair and is persecuted by local officials following an armed uprising.
Her father, Dr. Fernandez (Frank Russell), is a physician and also a general who leads an insurrection against General Mendoza (Alfred Hickman), the military governor of the surrounding territory.
The victorious Mendoza now resents Zora for her past indifference to his romantic advances and suspects she may try to oppose his authority as well.
The governor is concerned too about Zora's reputation as a sorceress, most notably for her abilities to cast spells and concoct miraculous potions.
Zora later learns of Riques' impending marriage, becomes angry, and quietly goes back to the governor's palace the night before the wedding on the pretext of checking on her patient.
The couple are arrested and tried, but Zora saves Riques from hanging by assuming all the blame and lying that she had captured his heart by casting a spell on him, one that he could not resist.
Zora is then convicted, sentenced to death for witchcraft, and carried away by a mob to be burned at the stake.
Zora is about to be executed when Dolores's nurse rushes in to inform the governor that his daughter is in a deep sleep at his palace, cannot be awakened, and only Zora can save her.
The entire production was filmed in Fort Lee at Fox's facilities located near the intersection of Main Street and Linwood Avenue.
Then, on his return to Fort Lee, Turner supervised the construction on Fox studio's backlot a set with full-size replicas of the Mexican buildings he had documented.
The film's battle sequences and other outdoor scenes were shot in Fort Lee between late June and early August 1915, over six months prior to the five-reeler's release.
It is likely that Powell chose New Jersey's summer months to film in order to present on screen a landscape that most theater audiences in 1916 would view as a generally plausible setting for Mexico.
The film in 1916 received generally positive or mixed reviews in trade publications and newspapers in various regions of the United States.
Reviews in city and regional newspapers in 1916 are largely positive too, with many of those news outlets focusing attention on O'Neil's performance and on the film's elaborate action scenes.
No full prints or partial reels of the film are preserved in the Library of Congress, the UCLA Film Archives, in the collection of moving images at the Museum of Modern Art, the George Eastman Museum, in European film repositories, or elsewhere.
Stills from the production, in addition to those depicted on this page, do survive as illustrations in 1915 and 1916 publications and provide a visual record of the general content of some scenes in the film.
Portrait of Agostino Barbarigo is an oil painting on canvas of 1571–72 by Paolo Veronese in the Cleveland Museum of Art, which bought it in 1928 from Italico Brass.
It occupies the inner part of the Baltic Sea inlet Kieler Förde and includes the approach to the locks at the eastern end of Kiel Canal.
Kiel’s main passenger shipping business are regularly scheduled cruiseferries to Norway, Sweden, and Lithuania which served 1.6 million passengers in 2018.
The two Color Line cruiseferries Color Magic and Color Fantasy offer a daily 20-hour connection from Norwegenkai to Oslo in Norway.
Stena Line operates the two cruiseferries Stena Germanica and Stena Scandinavica on a daily 14.5-hour connection from Schwedenkai to Gothenburg in Sweden.
The Swedish paper company SCA operates two ro-ro vessels between Kiel and Sundsvall in Sweden once a week, importing paper products to Germany.
For the year 2018, the port reported over 7.1 million tons of cargo and 2.2 million passengers (ferry and cruise) handled.
He previously competed with Team Canada in the Paralympic Games in wheelchair basketball, where he won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and the 2004 Summer Paralympics.
By Grade 6, he qualified for the Manitoba Ramblers of the Manitoba Wheelchair Sports Association, and later joined the Manitoba senior wheelchair team.
After returning to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with a gold medal, he helped the Manitoba Rolling Thunder win their first Canadian Wheelchair Basketball League championship title.
In 2002, he was one of four students who received the Wooddy Scholarship Award as someone who earned both academic and athletic acclaim.
The renaming was a demonstration of patriotism during World War I and the name was taken in honour of Norman Douglas Holbrook, a British submarine captain awarded the Victoria Cross earlier in the war.
Holbrook Shire was amalgamated with Culcairn Shire and part of Hume Shire to form Greater Hume Shire on 26 May 2004.
A 'goal' - a try and conversion - remained 5 points; but the try was now greater value than the conversion (3pts to 2pts).
The 1902 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1902, to elect members to the Senate of the 33rd and 34th Minnesota Legislatures.
Two years after Democrat John Lind lost the governorship to Republican Samuel Rinnah Van Sant, the Minnesota Democratic Party was set to lose seats in the Senate.
Her mother, Bridie, died in 1969 while their father was at sea, he worked for the merchant navy, leaving Considine to help raise her sister Deirdre and little brother.
She's been published in anthologies, her work has appeared on the radio, Considine has been on the radio and written scripts for the radio.
Saint Anthony Preaching to the Fish is a 1580-1585 oil on canvas painting of Anthony of Padua by Paolo Veronese, now in the Galleria Borghese in Rome.
Its original location is unknown, though its medium dimensions mean it may have been for the side wall of a chapel or as part of a cycle of paintings for a small 'scuola' in Venice.
Frankly, if you're a roleplayer then you will know if you're interested in roleplaying, and a glance through the rulebook will impart just as much information.
Minerva between Geometry and Arithmetic is a 1550 fresco fragment, usually attributed to Paolo Veronese but by some art historians to Anselmo Canera or Giambattista Zelotti.
He took on young painters from Verona to paint the frescoes in the four side-rooms, the main hall and the atrium - as well as Veronese himself, these included Giovanni Battista Zelotti, Anselmo Canera and Bernardino India.
1+2+5+6+9), the latter totalling 23, argued by some to symbolise either Veronese's age at the time or the year of Piero Soranzo and Francesca Emo's marriage, 1523.
Others argue that the visible numbers on the abacus (3+4+7+8+10, totalling 32) refer to the length of Soranzo and Emo's had been married at the time they built the palazzo (i.e.
At the instigation of Giovanni (John) Vendramini from Bassano, the painter, chemist and mechanic Filippo Balbi removed some of the frescoes from the walls using a new technique and sold most of them to Vendramini himself, who was a London art dealer, lithographer and heir to his Portuguese father-in-law's fortune.
An 1817 letter by Padre Barisan refers to 156 fragments being saved, though British and Italian newspapers of the time instead suggest 108, of which more than 60 went to London.
Nieves focuses on building community resilience before and after environmental disasters, such as Hurricane Maria in 2017 and the series of earthquakes in Puerto Rico in 2020.
Her organization, formerly called Apoyo Mutuo Mariana, provided free meals for a mountainous community that was heavily impacted by the storm.
Nieves emphasizes the importance of community and self-sufficiency when preparing for climate change, in part because of the lack of government assistance after Hurricane Maria.
Other towns in the shire included Brocklesby, Burrumbuttock, Gerogery, Howlong and Jindera and the villages of Bowna, Bungowannah, Goombargana and Table Top.
Hume Shire was abolished and split on 26 May 2004 with part absorbed by City of Albury, part absorbed by Corowa Shire and the balance merged with Culcairn Shire and Holbrook Shire to form Greater Hume Shire.
Iowa voted for the Republican nominee, Secretary of War William Howard Taft, over the Democratic nominee, former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan.
The Saguache Downtown Historic District, a historic district in Saguache, Colorado, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
Upon leaving school, Harrington went to read Law at the Birmingham College of Commerce (now Birmingham City University), obtaining a Bachelor of Laws degree.
Following his education, he was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1973, and Harrington practiced from chambers in Cardiff for twenty years.
He has appeared in over 250 homicide cases, is ranked in the top tier of both Chambers and Partners, and is a Legal 500 Leading Individual, for his crime and financial crime practice.
Harrington is a keen follower of horse racing, previously owning a stables and competing in races with riders Richard Johnson, Jim Culloty, and Guy Lewis.
In January 2020, Harrington was left seriously ill after crashing his BMW between junctions 24 (Coldra) and 25 (Caerleon) of the M4 motorway near Newport on the 3rd of January.
Malmö Fotbollförening, commonly known as Malmö FF, Malmö, or MFF, are a women's association football team from Malmö, who compete in Division 4 Skåne Sydvästra, the 6th level of women's football in Sweden.
Formed on 26 November 2019 and affiliated with the Scania Football Association, Malmö FF are based in Malmö, Scania, although the ground where the team will play their matches is still undecided.
On 7 September 1970 the board of Malmö FF took the decision to start a women's team as part of the main club.
It took three seasons for the club to win the newly formed Damallsvenskan in 1990 and more success followed in 1991, 1993 and 1994.
A merger with IF Limhamn Bunkeflo was rejected and it was decided that the new club would apply for a place at the lowest level of women's football in Sweden, Division 4 Skåne Sydvästra, for the 2020 season.
Subsequently, a head coach was hired and eighteen players were recruited, many of them from levels as high as Division 1, the third level of the league system.
Mads Hjalmer Hansen (born 10 April 2001) is a Danish footballer who plays for Danish Superliga club SønderjyskE Fodbold as a midfielder.
In the winter 2019, Hansen played several friendly games for the first team and was also training with them once in a while.
He got his official debut for the club on 5 September 2019 in a 5-0 Danish Cup victory against BK Viktoria.
Hansen came on the pitch with a few minutes left with shirt number 23, replacing Johan Absalonsen in a 2-1 victory.
The Martyrdom of Saint George is a 1566 oil on canvas painting by Paolo Veronese, produced for the high altar of the church of San Giorgio in Braida in Verona, dedicated to saint George, where it still hangs.
It was produced in Verona, the artist's birthplace, whilst he was back there to marry Elena, daughter of his teacher Antonio Badile.
The Austrian Empire took custody of the painting on 27 September 1815 after Napoleon's fall and on 15 March the following year it returned to its original church in Verona after another restoration, with uncertain results.
The canvas was again detached to be sent to Florence during the First World War to save it from bombardment, returning to Verona after the war.
A large tear occurred on the saint's cloak during transport and it was again restored under the Veronese scholar Attilio Motta.
While studying at Oxford, Buller made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1850.
Batting twice in the match, he ended the Oxford first-innings of 97 all out unbeaten on 3, while in their second-innings he was dismissed without scoring by Samuel Dakin.
Upon the death of his father, who held the title Baron Churston, he was succeeded as the 2nd Baronet by Buller's son, John.
His handball career began as a goalkeeper in Vardar Vatrostalna and he also played in RK Tutunski Kombinat and RK Metalurg Skopje where he made it through to the quarter-finals of the Men’s EHF Champions League.
After a playing career as a goalkeeper, he started coaching at club level, as assistant at RK Metalurg Skopje (2014/15) and then Chambery Handball (2015/16, 2016/17) before eventually moving up to a head coach in RK Metalurg Skopje.
His career as a head couch moved an international level, by being selected as a head couch of the helping the Macedonia national junior handball team.
The Lutetia 4.C.02 was a small V-4 two-stroke engine designed soon after World War II and intended to power light aircraft.
The Briffaud GB-6 is the only known application, a one-off aircraft with a short life, though not because of its engine.
In July 2018, she and South Korea's Jang Woo-jin made history when they won the mixed doubles title at the 2018 Korea Open, beating China's Sun Yingsha and Wang Chuqin 3-1 in the final before a huge crowd.
He became the first American male climber to qualify to the Olympic Games after advancing to the final at IFSC Combined Qualifier Toulouse 2019 in November–December, 2019, a qualifying event for the 2020 Games in Tokyo.
From 2016 to 2018, Coleman won three straight USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships, and finished 2nd in the 2019 competition.
Coleman also finished 4th overall in bouldering at the 2015 IFSC Climbing World Cup, winning silver medals in Toronto and Vail.
As a youth competitor, Coleman won the age group events at the USA Climbing Youth Bouldering Nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.
He is the Robert H. Ebert Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard Medical School (HMS), Associate Physician of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Center at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Associate Physician of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the chief of the Division of Gastroenterology at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Goessling has also been the Harvard Medical School director of the Harvard–MIT Program of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), since 2016, where he is co-director with Emery N. Brown (MIT).
He has been hailed for his accessibility, compassion and knowledge and his remarkable patient care, even while he has had to fight against his own aggressive malignancy.
The Grizzlies, led by sixth-year head coach Travis DeCuire, play their home games at Dahlberg Arena in Missoula, Montana as members of the Big Sky Conference.
The Grizzlies finished the 2018–19 season 26–9 overall, 16–4 in Big Sky play, the Grizzlies won the Big Sky regular season championship.
1 seed in the Big Sky Tournament, they defeated Sacramento State, Weber State, and Eastern Washington to win the tournament, and earned the Big Sky's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament.
15 seed in the West Region of the NCAA Tournament, Montana was defeated by Michigan in the first round for the second consecutive year.
ZAZ10TS, or ZAZ 10 Times Square, is an art gallery and cultural initiative located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City and situated in the lobby of the office building at 10 Times Square.
Using the building’s lobby and its exterior Times Square video billboard, ZAZ10TS showcases rotating art exhibitions as well as several permanent art installations.
Akinfayoshe Daniel Oturu (born September 20, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Minnesota Golden Gophers of the Big Ten Conference.
He grew from 6'6 as a freshman to 6'9 as a junior and developed good hand-eye coordination and navigation on the court.
As a senior, he averaged 18.8 points, 11.5 rebounds and 6.1 blocks per game and became his school's all-time leader in each of the three categories.
In his final season, Oturu led his team to a Class 4A state championship over Apple Valley High School, scoring a game-winning dunk with 0.5 seconds left in regulation.
Despite his strong play, he was excluded from the all-tournament team for sportsmanship reasons, as he had received a technical foul for shoving opposing player, Tre Jones, in the first half.
Oturu was invited to play for the World Select team, representing his parents' home country of Nigeria, at the Nike Hoop Summit in Portland, Oregon.
On December 24, 2018, Oturu was named Big Ten freshman of the week after scoring 20 points and pulling down 11 rebounds in a 86-67 win over North Carolina A&T.
Oturu averaged 10.8 points per game and led Big Ten freshman in rebounding with 7.0 per game, blocked shots with 46, and field goal percentage with 55 percent.
He was named Big Ten player of the week on December 30, after posting 21 points and a career-high 20 rebounds in an 89-62 win against Florida International, shooting 8-of-12 from the floor.
On January 12, 2020, Oturu scored a career-high 30 points in a 75-67 upset of Michigan despite playing with a shoulder injury.
Francis played table tennis for the Nigerian national team and moved to the United States because of his table tennis career.
Both of his parents are ministers at a branch of the Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
She was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2001 and the Genetics Society of America George Beadle Award in 2012.
She completed her doctorate in 1974, and spent time as a postdoctoral researcher at Indiana University in the laboratory of Anthony P. Mahowald.
In 1993 she initiated the Minority Access to Research Careers program, supported by NIH, to support students from underrepresented groups pursue careers in biosciences.
In 1999, Markow moved to the University of Arizona in Tucson as Regents’ Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Director of the Center for Insect Science.
In 2012 she joined the National Laboratory for the Genomics of Biodiversity in Mexico, which allowed her research alongside participating in the training of Mexican graduate students.
However, tribe members discovered the samples were used without the community's consent to research topics on mental illness as well as theories of the tribe's geographical origins.
The latter study published conclusions that contradict Havasupai traditional narratives, which resulted in further relational harm between them and scientific research communities at large.
Brian John McCord (born 24 August 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley, Derby County, Mansfield Town and Stockport County.
McCord was awarded £250,000 by the high court after he suffered a horrific leg injury in March 1993 whilst playing for Stockport County in a match against Swansea City.
Christopher Brian Kerry (born 15 April 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Two goals after half time, one by Heinz Blumer and the second from Otto Ludwig gave Basel a 2–0 victory and their third Cup win in their history.
Between the years 1963 and 1966 Mazzola played a total of 41 games for Basel scoring a total of 8 goals.
17 of these games were in the Swiss Serie A, two in the Swiss Cup, four were on European level and 18 were friendly games.
He scored three goal in the domestic league, one in the Cup of the Alps and the other four were scored during the test games.
Wayne Stark (born 14 October 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Michael John Williams (born 3 November 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
She is professor of computer science at the University of Bremen and the former president of the International Speech Communication Association.
Schultz was a student at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, where she earned a diploma in 1995 and a doctorate in 2000.
She was a faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University from 2000 to 2007 and at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from 2007 to 2015 before moving to the University of Bremen in 2015.
In 2002, Schultz was part of a group of eight researchers who won the Allen Newell Medal for Research Excellence for their work on automatic speech translation.
He served as Director of Education in Nauru and Papua and New Guinea between 1937 and 1958, also serving on the Legislative Council in Papua and New Guinea as part of the role.
He joined the Australian army in 1915, and was made a sergeant in August 1916, becoming the youngest-ever sergeant in the Australian military.
He served in Egypt and France with the 14th Battalion, and taken as a prisoner of war at Riencourt in 1917.
He studied part-time and earned a BA from the University of Melbourne in 1928, and later completed a course in social anthropology at the University of Sydney.
Between 1932 and 1934 Groves worked in New Guinea as part of a research fellowship for the Australian National Research Council.
He returned to the territory on another research assignment in 1936, and the following year was appointed Director of Education for Nauru.
He remained in Nauru until 1938, before carrying out work surveying educational needs in the Solomon Islands in 1939 and 1940.
At the end of the war he was appointed Director of Education for the Territory, also helping to re-establish the local scout movement.
He joined the Executive Council of the territory in 1949, Following the 1951 elections, he was appointed to the Legislative Council as an official member.
After retiring in 1958, he became a researcher for the Australian National University and the Victorian Education Department, as well as lecturing at Burwood Teachers' College.
Matt Haarms (born 22 April 1997) is a Dutch college basketball player for the Purdue Boilermakers of the Big Ten Conference.
Haarms joined a club team, the Harlemlakers, and admittedly was very poor at first but soon developed into one of the top talents in the country.
After Brord Brugman set up a private practice session, Haarms then moved to Spain and played for Joventut Badalona's junior team.
He helped the team reach the championship game of the tournament and hit 5-of-7 three-point shots in the semifinal against Real Madrid.
Haarms enrolled at Purdue a semester early and redshirted the second half of the 2016-17 season because the NCAA ruled he would have lost a season of eligibility had he stayed at Sunrise Christian.
Haarms started against Butler and Texas Tech in the NCAA Tournament after Isaac Haas injured his elbow and had a combined 11 points and nine rebounds in the two games.
Haarms competed for the Netherlands at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship Division B in Austria and averaged 4.5 points and 3.5 rebounds per game.
In 2018 she set a new national record of 23.41s in the indoor 200 metres event at the Norwegian Indoor Athletics Championships.
Mark Robert Clifford (born 11 September 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Boston United and Mansfield Town.
Championship Rally is a homebrew racing video game developed and published by Songbird Productions exclusively for the Atari Lynx on December 15, 2000.
The game has been met with mixed reception from reviewers since its initial release, who felt divided in regards to several aspects such as the presentation, visuals, audio, controls and gameplay.
There are a total of seven courses to race along, with four of them being locked at the beginning and four modes of play: Tournament, Single Race, Time Trial and Versus.
In the single-player tournament mode, players have to compete in a racing season across tracks filled with obstacles on multiple regions such as Alaska, each one consisting of three-laps, while racing against CPU-controlled opponents.
Time Trial, as the name implies, is a mode where players compete against the clock in an attempt to obtain the best time possible.
Multiplayer is a heavy focus of the game, as four players can compete against each other in head-to-head races on Versus mode by connecting four Lynx units via the system's ComLynx port.
Lucien Kleijker served as the game's only programmer, while Songbird Productions founder Carl Forhan was also involved during development of the project with sound design.
They included Sir Chinubhai Madhavlal, Narsinhrao Divetia, Manibhai Jashbhai, Baa Saheb Bairajba, Lallubhai Shamaldas, Kalapi, Balwantray Thakore, Mansukhram Tripathi and Manishankar Bhatt 'Kant'.
The 2020 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships were held from 24 to 26 January 2020 at the Főnix Hall in Debrecen, Hungary.
The Richelieu Lyceum () in Odessa, the Russian Empire, was created on the initiative of the mayor of the city and the governor of New Russia, the Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu.
The Lyceum graduates are Spiridon Palauzov (who introduced the concept of the Golden Age of medieval Bulgarian culture); Nikolay Palauzov (first trustee and co-sponsor of Aprilov National High School); Nayden Gerov (initiator of the first celebration of the Day Of Slavonic Alphabet, Bulgarian Enlightenment and Culture); Constantine Paparrigopoulos - the father of modern Greek historiography.
Diodene Efon Elad (born 5 September 1970) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Cambridge United, Mansfield Town and Northampton Town.
Mary Datchelor School was founded out of an endowment originally intended for the upkeep of the 18th-century Datchelor family's family tomb.
In 1888, Rigg persuaded the school trustees to establish a teacher training college, the Datchelor Training College, associated with the school.
In 1899 the Cambridge training syndicate granted the college recognition, and the Board of Education inspected and recognized the college in 1902.
The training college had two departments: one trained students for the Cambridge Higher Locals and subsequently the London BA, and the other trained students for the Cambridge or London teaching diploma.
The building subsequently became the headquarters of Save the Children for several years, and was converted into a complex of apartments by Berkeley Homes in 2009.
Paola Taverna (born 2 March 1969) is an Italian politician for the Five Star Movement, who has been a member of the Senate of the Republic since the 2013 Italian general election.
In the 2013 Italian general election, Taverna was elected to the Italian Senate on the Five Star Movement party-list in Lazio.
On 28 March 2018, Taverna was elected by her fellow senators to be the Vice President of the Senate of the Republic with 105 votes.
The 1906 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 1906, to elect members to the Senate of the 35th and 36th Minnesota Legislatures.
While Brown, Harvard, Princeton and Yale were able to secure ice time at the St. Nicholas Rink, one of the only consistently available rinks at the time, Cornell found themselves frozen out most of the time.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2019 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
Karl Nehammer (born 18 October 1972) is an Austrian People's Party politician, who has served in the Second Kurz government as Minister of the Interior since January 2020.
William Ambrose Brown (January 3, 1878 – July 12, 1965) was an American prelate who served as the forth Bishop of Southern Virginia between 1938 and 1950.
Brown was born in Albemarle County, Virginia on January 3, 1878, the son of Henry William Brown and Sarah Slade Runyard, who emigrated to the United States from England in 1872.
He was educated at the public schools of Danville, Virginia, and later at Roanoke College from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1898 and a Master of Arts in 1901.
He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity from Virginia Theological Seminary in 1917 and a Doctor of Laws from Roanoke College in 1938.
Brown was ordained deacon in 1901 and priest on May 29, 1902 by Bishop Alfred Magill Randolph of Virginia, during which he served as rector of Christ Church in Blacksburg, Virginia.
In 1902 he became rector of Magill Memorial Church in Pulaski, Virginia and in 1904 he became rector of St. John's Church in Portsmouth, Virginia, a post he held till 1938.
Brown was elected Bishop of Southern Virginia 1938 and was consecrated on May 3, 1938 by Presiding Bishop Henry St. George Tucker in St John's Church, Portsmouth, Virginia.
He had to children from his first marriage, including Mary Brown Channel, the first woman licensed to practice architecture in Virginia.
Created by the National Film Board of Canada, the film starred Michael Kane as Alan Sloane, a businessman being prosecuted by the government for tax fraud.
The film was funded in part by the Department of National Revenue as an educational film about the legal ramifications of tax fraud, with its screenplay based in part on real tax fraud prosecutions.
The film won four Canadian Film Awards at the 25th Canadian Film Awards in 1973, for Best TV Drama, Best Art Direction in a Non-Feature, Best Direction in a Non-Feature and Best Screenplay for a Non-Feature.
He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1947 until his death, representing South Province (1947-1950) and South-East Province (1950-1955).
Boylen was born in the London suburb of Kensington, but his family migrated to Western Australia in 1903 and he was raised in Kalgoorlie-Boulder.
He then practised in Perth for several years at Boans' Pharmacy and then at the Royal Perth Hospital before returning to Boulder in 1934 and opening his own pharmacy in Burt Street, which he would operate for the rest of his life.
He was appointed a justice of the peace for the East Coolgardie district in 1938 and was a councillor for the Municipality of Boulder from 1944 until his death; he was also a member of the Eastern Goldfields Transport Board and a committee member of the Boulder Racing Club.
Boylen was elected to the Legislative Council at a by-election on 1 February 1947 following the death of Liberal MLC James Cornell.
He won easily with a majority of the overall vote and nearly double the vote of his Liberal opponent, marking the first time Labor had ever held all three South Province seats.
Following a major electoral redistribution, he was easily re-elected for a full-term for South-East Province in 1950, with a more than two-to-one margin over his Liberal opponent.
He founded the New Zealand Cartoon Archive in 1992 and has written widely on the history of cartooning in New Zealand.
This interest led him to found the New Zealand Cartoon Archive at the National Library of New Zealand in 1992 (later expanded to become the New Zealand Cartoon and Comics Archive in 2019).
Grant held residencies at the Stout Centre for New Zealand Studies in 2007, 2009 and 2010 and became an Adjunct Research Associate at the Centre in 2012.
He received the Outstanding Achievement Award at the New Zealand Media Awards in 2012 and 2017, the latter for his work with the Cartoon Archive.
Hisaaki Nakamine (; born November 30, 1961 in Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan) is a Japanese curler, a two-time (1992, 1996, 1997) and a three-time Japan men's champion (1997, 1998, 1999).
His best performance in singles at the Australian Open came in 1987 when he made the third round of the qualifiers and he appeared once in the qualifying draw for Wimbledon, in 1988.
Fricker, who reached the world's top 200 in doubles, was a semi-finalist in the doubles at the 1987 Bordeaux Open, partnering Gavin Pfitzner.
Floor plans for the two-level club are provided, and notable personalities who frequent the club are described, including both staff and the Kindred who are likely to be found there.
It is one of the most complete and best gaming settings for any system and I recommend it unreservedly for those who haven't already enjoyed its night life.
On September 30, 2019 the Senate of the Philippines passed a bill postponing the date of the barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections to December 5, 2022.
Richmond made his debut in ARCA and in stock car racing as a whole at Five Flags in 2019 driving for Wayne Peterson in his team's No.
Although he did finish 25 laps down (in 14th), he left the team impressed, as he was able to finish the race, something the team had not been able to accomplish much with other drivers.
After that, the team quickly signed him on for more races, which later turned out to be almost a full-season effort.
It was revealed in an article on the ARCA website on December 23, 2019 that Richmond would return to the Peterson team and run the full season in 2020.
The Richmond family helped out Peterson's team and crew improve in the 2019 season, particularly having fast enough speed to qualify for races and buying newer equipment such as the new composite cars (which would eventually be required in ARCA).
Strong began her legal career as a staff attorney for the Federal Communications Commission, and spent nineteen years in private practice in Washington, D.C. prior to joining the Copyright Office.
She joined the Copyright Office in 2010, initially serving as senior counsel for its Office of Policy and International Affairs (PIA), which represents the Copyright Office with respect to international aspects of copyright protection and enforcement, and supports Congress and its committees on copyright-related matters.
On December 18, 2019, Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden appointed her as acting register effective January 5, 2020, to serve until a replacement for departing Register Karyn Temple is named.
Sindab was executive director of the Washington Office on Africa from 1980 to 1986, a group that worked on influencing U.S. foreign policy on South Africa and Namibia's apartheid.
Sindab was also a consultant for the King Center for Non-Violence and two United Nations agencies: the Council for Namibia and U.N. Centre Against Apartheid.
In the late 1980s she moved to Geneva, Switzerland and was executive secretary and co-director of the Programme to Combat Racism of the World Council of Churches.
She returned to the United States briefly as an advisor to Jesse Jackson and the Rainbow Coalition from 1986 through Jackson's 1988 presidential campaign.
She returned to the United States for good in 1991 and continued her work with the National Council of the Churches of Christ.
She earned master's degrees in Political Science and International Relations at Yale University, then completed her PhD in Political Science and Human Resources there in 1984.
The Southern Cross 35, also called the Gillmer 35, is an American sailboat that was designed by Thomas C. Gillmer as a cruiser and first built in 1978.
The Southern Cross 35 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass with an Airtex core in the hull and a balsa core for the deck, and also with wooden trim.
It has a cutter rig, a raked stem, a canoe style transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed raked fin keel with a cutaway forefoot.
The galley is aft, at the foot of the companionway steps to starboard and includes a three-burner propane stove and oven, foot-pumped water and an icebox with of insulation.
The head is forward on the port side and includes a shower, with a fiberglass pan floor and a teak grate.
It's a canoe-stern cutter with a traditional look but with a modern underbody featuring a shallow fin keel and a skeg-hung rudder ...
While not a racer, the SC 35 will keep up with most boats in its size range, and it will pass quite a few.
Aytən Inglab gizi Mustafayeva (born 23 May 1968) is an Azerbaijani Independent politician who is a member of the National Assembly.
Notoedric mange, also referred to as Feline scabies, is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by an ectoparasitic and skin burrowing mite Notoedres cati (Acarina, Sarcoptidae).
Clinical symptoms appear within the incubation period, which is most commonly 10 days to 8 weeks after transmission has happened from contact with infested animal.
Characteristic symptoms for Notoedric mange result from an allergic reaction of hosts body against mites extracellular products and also of the mechanical damage resulting from burrowing through skin.
Most commonly N. cati as a cause of Notoedric mange may be diagnosed from a skin scraping sample with a direct microscopic identification of the mite, because there are a large number of mites present on the skin.
Treated cats should not be allowed to groom before their coat is fully dried after treatment, because lime sulfur can cause toxicity if it is orally ingested.
Lime sulfur is also commonly used along the side of Notoedres as a treatment for Sarcoptes, Demodex, Cheyletiella, Lynxacarus, chiggers and lice infections.
She represented France at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and she won the bronze medal in the women's PT4 event.
Cyril and Methodius had been saints since the 9th century, and the commemoration of their saint's day had been celebrated since the 12th century.
The first commemoration of the date, initiated by Nayden Gerov, marks the entry of the Bulgarian Revival into its decisive phase in the age of romantic nationalism.
In 2019, in collaboration with Adriana Díaz and Melanie Díaz, she was instrumental in earning a gold medal for Puerto Rico’s female team in the Pan American Games in Lima.
Ríos comes from Utuado, Puerto Rico, from the Club Águilas de la Montaña, and has been playing since she was five.
The Vixens of Kung Fu (A Tale of Yin Yang) is a 1975 American pornographic martial arts exploitation film produced and directed by Bill Milling, under the pseudonym Chiang.
It stars Bree Anthony, Tony Richards, Peonies Jong, and C. J. Laing, and follows a prostitute who is gang raped, and who seeks revenge against her rapists after being trained in kung fu with a clan of other women by a martial artist.
William C. Irvine (March 3, 1852 – July 27, 1924) was an American politician who served as the Treasurer of Wyoming as a Republican.
In 1872 he moved to the Wyoming Territory and became active in the cattle industry with him becoming the manager of the Ogalalla Cattle Company, the largest cattle company in Wyoming.
In 1889 he was selected as one of the Democratic delegates to the Wyoming constitutional convention to draft its constitution to be submitted for statehood.
During the Johnson County War he joined 23 gunman and 4 cattle detectives from the Wyoming Stock Growers Association with Bob Tisdale, W. J. Clarke, and Hubert Teshemacher and later became involved in a shootout where he was wounded.
In 1912 he was elected to the state senate by one vote and served from 1913 to 1917 in the Wyoming Senate.
His funeral was conducted by Freemasons with Senator John B. Kendrick, whom Irvine had supported for governor in 1914 and later for senator, in attendance to praise him.
In December 2019, Heinz was named in the preliminary German Olympic squad to train for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Delegate Boyce is a Democrat who represents the 43rd Legislative District of the state of Maryland which is located in northeast Baltimore City.
Boyce was sworn in as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates on January 9, 2019 and assigned to the Environment and Transportation Committee.
Paris featured on three occasions in the qualifiers for Wimbledon and made his only Grand Prix main draw appearance at the 1987 Tel Aviv Open, where he was beaten in the first round by Jimmy Connors.
As a doubles player on the professional tour he had a top ranking of 159 and won a Challenger tournament in Istanbul in 1987.
Paris was based during his career in Luxembourg and while coaching there in the 1990s appeared in 10 Davis Cup ties for the country.
His best format in Davis Cup was doubles, earning a 7/2 record when he teamed up with regular partner Johnny Goudenbour.
Charles Warren Hostler (December 12, 1919–September 28, 2014 San Diego, California) was the American Ambassador to Bahrain from 1989–1993, as a political appointee.
He also served as a colonel in the United States Air Force, an executive with McDonnell Douglas and adjunct professor of political science at San Diego State University.
Hostler earned a Legion of Merit award from the U.S. and a French Legion of Honor as a result of his service in World War II as a military intelligence officer.
Stateside, he continued his education, earning a master's and doctorate in political science from Georgetown University and a master’s in Middle Eastern studies from the American University in Beirut.
Thirteen of her novels comprise the Jeri Howard series, featuring a private eye of the same name, and three make up the California Zephyr series featuring private eye Jill McLeod.
Chi Zhiqiang (; 16 November 1924 – 7 January 2020) was a Chinese pharmacologist and researcher at Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Chi was born in Huangyan County, Zhejiang, Republic of China (1912-1949), on November 16, 1924, to Chi Yun (), a surveying and mapping technician.
In July 1953 he joined the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, becoming its deputy director in 1978.
The Maccabees are considered the forerunner and inspiration for today's neighborhood patrol groups in Brooklyn and beyond, the Shomrim and Shmira.
He served as the Minister of Middle Classes of the Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in 1960.
Mbuyi joined the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), and when the party split he joined Patrice Lumumba's wing and became the secretary of its national committee.
Belgian Ambassador to the Congo Jean van den Bosch established a confidential line of contact with Mbuyi, since he was regarded as more politically moderate than some other members of the government.
On 5 September President Joseph Kasa-Vubu announced the dismissal of Lumumba, along with several of his ministers and declared that a new government would be formed.
Christopher 'Pere' Ajuwa (23 November 1941 - 31 January 2017) was the first man from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to run for the office of the President of Nigeria.
In the late 80s, Pere was the first Niger Deltan in Nigerian modern national history to dare the dangerous political waters of the country of Nigeria.
He campaigned and advocated fearlessly across the length and breadth of Nigeria advocating for the need of his region's people, the Ijaws.
He felt the people are from the Niger Delta region, which produces a sizable amount of revenue that sustains the well-being of the Nigerian state, should greater say and benefit fairly from the vast resources their region provide.
Chief Pere Ajuwa supported every genuine effort of the Ijaw people to be properly recognized and be accorded their pride of place politically, economically, and in other areas of human endavour by using his personal resources to fight for the political and economic emancipation of the minorities of the South-South, especially his tribesmen and women, who had suffered years of neglect and deprivation from the activities of oil companies.
Eventually, in 1993 Pere entered the presidential primaries against Alhaji Bashir Tofa under the party platform of National Republican Convention (NRC).
Subsequently, in 2003 and 2007, he ran for president of Nigeria against President Muhammadu Buhari (2015-2019) under the party platform of All Nigeria People Party (ANPP).
Though Pere did not win either of the elections, his zeal and dogmatic spirit did pave way for many young politicians from the Niger Delta to aspire for the office the President of Nigeria.
Christopher Pere Ajuwa was born on 23 November 1941 to the families of High Chief Pa Ogongolo Vurudu Ajuwa of the of Egbesubiri Quarter, and Chief Ma Mrs. Rachael Diriayefa Ajuwa and Erubiri Quarter of Gbaranraun kingdom, in Local Government Area of Southern Ijaw located in the State of Bayelsa.
The Gbaranraun Kingdom is one of the prominent Kingdoms among the Ijaw people in the Niger Delta, South Nigeria and is a major contributor to the economy of the nation.
It was reported, that Pere's mother fell into maternity labour while fishing, and in the absence of a midwife she gave birth to him in her canoe.
His quest for learning did not stop, he found means to attended Government College Technical College Ijebu-Ode, Yaba Trade Centre, Lagos and he earned his City and Guide Intermediate in 1968.
He then left Nigeria and to attend Yaba Technical College at University of Glasgow, Scotland where he earned his Advanced Technological Certificates in 1975.
Afterwards, in the late 1970s, Pere was at Worcester University, the United Kingdom studying Structural Engineering and other engineering courses and he became British certified Technical Structural Engineer in early 1980.
Then in 2006, Pere went a step further and earned a master's degree in Business Administration at the Ekiti State University.
In the early 1970s he played for Western State Corporation Football Club and Research Institute of Nigeria Football Club all in Ibadan Western Nigeria.
As a father, he was manifestly strong disciplinarian and he imbibed in his children the tenants of hard work and obedience to constituted authority.
Governor Seriake Henry Dickson described Pere's death as sad, shocking and a monumental loss to the Government and people of Bayelsa State.
Speaking at a funeral service held at the Chief DSP Alamieyeseigha Banquet Hall in Yenagoa, in honour of the deceased, Dickson remarked that Pere's contributions to the socio-economic and political growth of Bayelsa state and Nigeria will be forever remembered.
For Pere's numerous and outstanding contributions, the governor announced the renaming of the popular Azikoro road after him which he said has become the culture of his administration to honour every true son and daughter of the state who made significant impression in various areas.
In thanks, Pere's first daughter and the state commissioner for Tourism, Development, and Mrs Ebiere Irene Ajuwa-Musa thanked Governor Dickson and people of the state for their notable roles they played in honoring her father.
The funeral service attracted flurry of politicians, traditional rulers, captains of industry, opinion leaders, women and youths from within and outside the state.
Then he abruptly left Western State Water Corporation and joined Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria also in Ibadan (CRIN) as a competent Engineer in charge of the Institute's Water Treatment Plant in 1970; he worked for two years.
Pere later called it quit at Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria for his educational advancement at University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s.
During this time, he executed some landmark projects which include construction of the Helipad in Bonny Camp, Victoria Island, Lagos and some structures in the Petroleum Training Institute in Warri (now Petroleum University) and many other projects in the Niger Delta.
In 1986, Pere made a triumph entry into Port Harcourt city and ran and won the President of the Port Harcourt Chamber of Commerce and Industries.
Pere's success in business did not overshadow his love for Nigeria and his burning desire to ameliorate the sufferings of the oppressed and marginalized people of the Niger Delta.
After a successful outing as President of the Port Harcourt Chamber of Commerce and Industries in the late 1980s; he launched himself into the political landscape of Nigeria when the opportunity came to fashion a new Constitution for the Federal Republic of Nigeria to herald the end of Military rule.
Pere's escapades in the constituent assembly of 1989 endeared him to the hearts of political bigwigs in the country and when political parties were formed, he became a founding member of Nigeria National Convention (NNC).
At the time, one of the notable personality that sharpened young Pere's political reflexes in the murky political terrain was Chief Gina Yeseibo.
In 1992, there was restructuring of the political formations in Nigeria that eventually gave birth to the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP).
Pere eventually became a founding member of the NRC and supported Chief Rufus Ada George to emerge as the Governor (January 1992 to November 1993) of old Rivers State.
After a successful outing as President of the Port Harcourt Chamber of Commerce and Industries in the late 1980s; he launched himself into the political landscape of Nigeria when the opportunity came to fashion a new Constitution for the Federal Republic of Nigeria to herald the end of Military rule.
Pere became the very first Niger Delta minority leader that dared the political intrigues of the majority ethnic group in the country.
His aspiration to run as a candidate for the presidential seat came to light in 1992 when National Republican Convention held their Presidential Primary election in the National Convention at Port Harcourt.
Pere was a presidential aspirant on the platform of the defunct National Republican Convention (NRC), in the botched former President Ibrahim Babangida transition programme had also contested the position of Rivers state governor before the creation of Bayelsa state.
Pere was forced to step down for Alhaji Bashiru Torfa who later became the flag Bearer of NRC with Social Democratic Party -SDP presidential candidate Alhaji MKO Abiola ran in the June 12, 1993 Presidential election that was cancelled.
The NRC announced Port Harcourt, Pere's home city, as the venue of the convention with over five thousand delegates for each of the Conventions.
Pere took on a significant role in the convention, and paid the greater part of the bill for the Port Harcourt Convention.
The Port Harcourt convention was attended by prominent leaders of the party including Alhaji Bamanga Tukur, Alhaji Ibrahim Mantu and Alhaji Ibrahim Shinkafi.
At the convention, Alhaji Ahmed Kusamotu defeated Senator Lawrence Adekunle Agunbiade alias LAKO to emerge as the Chairman of the party.
Senator Agunbiade was from Ise in the present Ekiti state while Dr. Kusamotu was from the royal family in Ikirun in the present Osun state.
In 1994 began a new crusade to arouse the consciousness of the Izon nation to embrace the unity of purpose in the pursuit of our common goals and aspirations.
Under the auspices of Ijaw National Congress (INC) and Ijaw Youth Council (IYC worldwide), he became unstoppable as his political appetite grew daily.
The political call came again in 1998 and Pere became a founding member of the All People Party (APP) which late metamorphosed into All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP).
Years later, his presidential ambition rekindled and he ran in the primaries against current president Mohammadu Buhari and lost in 2003 and 2007 respectively.
He ran as presidential candidate in presidential election in 2003 and 2007 on the party platform of Liberal Democratic Party of Nigeria (LDPN) and Alliance for Democracy (AD) respectively.
In 2003 when it was clear that the APP which has transformed into the ANPP, he was forced to step down in the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) when General Mohammadu Buhari, who was picked as the presidential candidate, causing Pere to leave the party.
Since the ANPP would not give him the Presidential ticket, he switched sides to the Liberal Democratic Party of Nigeria ( LDPN and emerged its Presidential candidate in 2003.
In the buildup to the 2007 election, he went back to the ANPP and was forced to step down for General Mohammadu Buhari.
He was later adopted by the Alliance for Democracy as its Presidential candidate after the sudden death of the then Presidential candidate, Chief Adebayo Adefarati.
In 2011, he contested to fill the Bayelsa Central Senatorial seat on the platform of ANPP and lost to the ruling PDP candidate.
A foremost industrialist who was one of the few millionaires from Ijaw descent, Ajuwa fought the Shell Petroleum Development Company ( SDPC) demanding for improved life for the people of oil bearing communities.
His struggle came to head in 2006 when Ajuwa led 145 Ijaw communities under the aegis of Ijaw Aborigines and dragged Shell before a joint session of the National Assembly.
The National Assembly awarded the communities US$1.5 billion damages as compensation for environmental degradations caused by the company since it began oil exploration in 1956.
In April 1995, in recognition of his untiring efforts in educational development, the University of Calabar awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Science (D.Sc) Degree (Honoris causa) in Business Management.
His philanthropic wavelength cut across ethnic boundaries when the people of Enugu Uku rolled out their festive drums in celebration when they conferred on him the IKEMBA OF ENUGU UKU.
Pere brought tremendous educational and community development to Gbanraun hence the paramount ruler in council, King E.G Ojogbo and all relevant stakeholders conferred on him one of the highest chieftaincy titles in the kingdom; Egbesu XVI of Egbesubiri in 1986.
The 1910 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 8, 1910, to elect members to the Senate of the 37th and 38th Minnesota Legislatures.
The Minnesota Republican Party won a large majority of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party, the People's Party, and the Prohibition Party.
Gundurimba Shire was abolished on 1 January 1977 and its area merged along with part of Terania Shire into the City of Lismore.
They were used from the mid-1850s in the U.S. to promote sailings and sometimes included engraved pictures and several colors and were displayed in the windows of port area businesses.
Taguhi Ararat Ghazaryan (16 March 1991) is an Armenian literary critic and politician for the Civil Contract party, who has been a member of the National Assembly since 2018.
Terania Shire was abolished and split on 1 January 1977 with part of its area absorbed by Kyogle Shire and the balance merged along with Gundurimba Shire into the City of Lismore.
The season consisted of 7 rounds, starting at the Mugello Circuit on March 24 and ending at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza on November 3.
The season consisted of 7 rounds, starting at the Daytona International Speedway on January 27th and ending at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza on November 3rd.
The season consisted of 7 rounds, starting at the Bahrain International Circuit on February 16 and ending at the Mugello Circuit on October 26.
He is also a faculty member of Stanford Photon Science of SLAC and a Senior Fellow at the Precourt Institute for Energy.
He pursued his graduate study in physical chemistry with Charles M. Lieber at Harvard University and obtained his Ph.D. in 2002.
After that, he went to work as a Miller Postdoctoral Fellow with A. Paul Alivisatos at the University of California, Berkeley.
In 2005, he joined the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University as an assistant professor and started to pursue energy and environment-related research.
In 2004, Steven Chu became the director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where Chu launched several major initiatives centered on clean energy.
Influenced by Chu's advocate on energy and climate change during his postdoctoral study at Berkeley, Cui decided to dedicate his Stanford lab to clean energy research and related topics.
Over the years, he has largely contributed to materials design for high energy-density batteries, grid-scale storage, and the safety of batteries.
His group also covers a diverse array of research topics, such as solar cells, two-dimensional materials, electrocatalysis, textile engineering, water technology, air filtration, soil cleanup, and bio-nano interface.
More recently, Cui took inspirations from structural biology and employed Cryo-EM to image batteries at an atomic resolution for the first time.
He has also founded three companies to commercialize the technological breakthroughs from his research group: Amprius Inc., 4C Air Inc., and EEnovate Technology Inc.
Over the past decade, the original concept developed by Cui's team has evolved into the first commercially produced lithium-ion battery that employs a 100% silicon nanowire anode with breakthrough performance approaching 500 Wh/kg over hundreds of cycles.
In particular, particulate matter with a diameter lower than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) is the most consistent and robust predictor of mortality in studies of long-term exposure.
In 2017, Cui founded EEnovate Technology to develop nanotechnology for energy-related and environmental issues, including water purification, grid-scale energy storage, and smart wearable textiles.
The season consisted of 7 rounds, starting at the Circuit of the Americas on March 9 and ending at the Mugello Circuit on October 26.
On January 10, 2020, Delegate Smith was unanimously elected Chairman of the Baltimore City House Delegation to the Maryland General Assembly.
When the Maryland General Assembly is not in session, Smith serves as an Assistant Director in the Baltimore City Department of Planning.
A former AmeriCorps VISTA, Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Fellow, and nonprofit environmental health advocate, Smith has dedicated her life to public service.
Smith is a first-generation college graduate and earned a bachelor's degree in political science from Hampton University, a master's degree in urban affairs and public policy from the University of Delaware, and a juris doctor from Howard University School of Law.
The season consisted of 7 rounds, starting at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit on March 15 and ending at the Mugello Circuit on October 27.
Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during year.
This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday.
However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2020 calendar year.
Provincial Honours are not listed within the Canada Gazette, however they are listed within the various publications of each provincial government.
Joseph Karr O'Connor (May 23, 1953 – January 3, 2020) was an American computer scientist, accessibility advocate, and a main accessibility contributor to WordPress.
He created the Accessibility Cities initiative, enlisting volunteers from an international group of designers to create free and accessible WordPress themes named after the cities the designers were from.
O’Connor spoke at many events about WordPress and accessibility, on topics such as how to build accessible WordPress themes, how to build accessible user experience (UX) by creating personas with disabilities, and how to create accessible UX in a WordPress site.
He spoke with co-author Whitney Quesenbery about the importance of improving accessibility in WordPress, given its extensive use as a website authoring platform.
He was founder and organizer of the Los Angeles Accessibility and Inclusive Design group, whose activities included regular events for Global Accessibility Awareness Day.
He was a regular attendee of the CSUN Assistive Technology Conference; his participation included presenting on accessibility of Twitter with Dennis Lembrée, creator of Easy Chirp, an accessible alternative to Twitter.
O’Connor worked on web accessibility at Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), Pasadena City College, and California State University, Northridge (CSUN), as well maintained a side business doing web accessibility.
In 2011, California State University, Northridge was ranked second among 183 colleges and universities in the United States for the accessibility of its website.
He married Linda in 1988 and his wife's purchase of a Macintosh computer inspired him to transition to a career in technology.
Rorschach Hafen is one of three stations within the municipality of Rorschach, along with Rorschach (the next station east on the Lake line) and Rorschach Stadt, approximately to the south on the Rorschach–St.
Rivière-aux-Pins Disc Golf Course, also called Boucherville Disc Golf Course () is a public 9-hole disc golf course located in the Rivière-aux-Pins public park in Boucherville, Quebec, Canada.
According to Issac Olsen, the president of the Montreal Disc Golf Association, it took three years to build the Parc de la Rivière-aux-Pins disc golf course in partnership with the city of Boucherville.
Born in Kensington, South Australia on 2 October 1869, Hambidge received art training at the School of Design in Adelaide in 1893.
Her work is included in the collections of the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the National Library of Australia.
Josiah Oldfield (23 February 1863 - 2 February 1953) M.A., D.C.L., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P was a British lawyer, physician and promoter of fruitarianism.
During World War I, Oldfield held a commission as a Territorial in the Royal Army Medical Corps and commanded a field ambulance.
However, she was soon diagnosed with Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis, and the pain forced her to retire in 1997, after the National Games.
According to Orestes Araújo, it rises between the Cuchilla Grande and one of its foothills east of Villa de San Isidro.
From there, it flows in a south-southwest direction, before turning into a north-west direction at La Paz and Costa y Guillamón.
Then it meets the Colorado Creek in its lower reaches on the left, which then forms the Rincón del Melilla together with the Santa Lucía River.
The first series follows Rosa Steenwijk, a biracial first-year medical student in Amsterdam, as she joins the secretive student society Ares and slowly learns what they really are.
On February 12, 2019, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order for a 8-episode first season.
Alongside the initial series announcement, it was confirmed that Jade Olieberg, Tobias Kersloot, Lisa Smit, Robin Boissevain, Roos Dickmann, Jip van den Dool, Steef de Bot, Janni Goslinga, Dennis Rudge, Minne Koole, Jennifer Welts and Florence Vos Weeda had been cast in the series.
The Illinois List of Endangered and Threatened Species is reviewed about every five years by the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board (ESPB).
To date it has evaluated only plants and animals of the US state of Illinois, not fungi, algae, or other forms of life; species that occur in Illinois which are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. federal government under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 are automatically listed as such for the state of Illinois.
Board members are volunteers, and include Jeff Walk of The Nature Conservancy, ichthyologist Philip Willink, Joyce Hofmann (chair), Janice Coons (vice-chair), Tracy Evans (secretary), ornithologist , Bruce Ross-Shannon, Jeremie Fant, Randy Schietzelt, Chris Young from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (non-voting member), and one vacancy.
Only twenty species ever listed have had Illinois Endangered and Threatened Species Recovery Plans approved by the board, but other parties may implement recovery plans without board approval.
Quirino Armellini (31 January 1889 in Legnaro – 13 January 1975 in Rome) was an Italian military officer, who served as a general in both the Royal Italian Army and the Italian Army.
Armellini was commissioned into the Royal Italian Army as a second lieutenant in 1908, after graduating from the Military Academy of Modena, and participated in the Italo-Turkish War and the World War I.
After serving under the command of Pietro Badoglio in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War against the Ethiopian Empire, Armellini was appointed commander of the Italian African Police (PAI) in the Italian East Africa (AOI).
In 1942, during the World War II in Yugoslavia, Armellini was appointed commander of the XVIII Army Corps in the Italian-occupied Dalmatia.
After the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy on 25 July 1943, King Victor Emmanuel III appointed Armellini to succeed Benito Mussolini as commander of the Voluntary Militia for National Security (MVSN), the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party (PNF).
From January to March 1944, when was arrested, Armellini assumed the role of head of the of the within the Italian resistance movement, later replaced by .
As a member of Austria′s Green party she is the Minister of Justice in the Second Kurz government since 7 January 2020.
While a student, she worked as a junior legal researcher at the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Vienna and as an intern at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague.
On 7 January 2020, Zadić, along with three other Greens, was sworn in by Austria′s president Alexander Van der Bellen to serve in the Sebastian Kurz coalition government as Minister of Justice pursuant to the coalition agreement of Kurz's OVP with the Greens, led by Werner Kogler, who serves as Vice Chancellor.
She appeared in a series of live action films and television series throughout the 1970s and early 1980s before transitioning to voiceover roles.
Her character was the lead vocalist in the fictional band, The Misfits, who were the rivals of the lead characters, Jem and the Holograms.
He represented France at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 1500 metres T38 event.
He won the silver medal twice in the men's 1500 metres T38 event at the World Championships, both in 2015 and in 2017.
He also competed at the European Championships in 2014, 2016 and 2018 and in total he won two gold medals and two silver medals.
The 2020 Northwest Territories Women's Curling Championship, the women's provincial curling championship for the Northwest Territories, was held from January 9 to 12 at the Hay River Curling Club in Hay River, Northwest Territories.
The winning Kerry Galusha rink will represent the Northwest Territories at the 2020 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
Kerry Galusha and her team went undefeated through the tournament to claim the title with a perfect 4-0 round robin record and a 9-3 win over club mates Sarah Stroeder in the final.
Halsey's vocal range spans from the low note A3 to the high note of E5, giving the song two octaves and four notes of range.
On the week of January 19, 2020, the song was played 4,691 times, reaching number 18 on the Mediabase pop chart.
With 997,990 daily streams in the US, the song reached number 10 on the US Spotify Streaming Chart on January 21, 2020.
Other towns and villages in the shire included Book Book, Borambola, Gumly Gumly, Forest Hill, Humula, Ladysmith, Lake Albert, Pulletop, Mangoplah and Tarcutta.
Naira Zohrabyan (born 8 May 1965) is an Armenian politician who is a member of the National Assembly of Armenia for the Prosperous Armenia party.
Bois de Belle-Rivière Disc Golf Course is an 18-hole disc golf course located in the Bois de Belle-Rivière regional park in Mirabel, Quebec, Canada.
The Salvation Army Congress Hall is a heritage-listed building in Perth, Western Australia, built for and initially occupied by the Salvation Army.
Born in Keynsham, England on 18 August 1813, she married Captain Charles Berkeley before migrating to Australia in 1836 with him and her sister, Theresa Walker.
Back in those days if you wanted to boot from your hard drive you had to use a hex editor on the master boot record of your disk.
I remember when Erik Ratcliffe wrote the first instructions (this was long before HOWTO files) on how to do just that.
He won a medal on both occasions: he won the silver medal in the men's 48 kg event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and he also won the silver medal in the men's 49 kg event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Mayumi Ohkutsu (; born July 12, 1968 in Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan as Mayumi Seguchi; also known as Mayumi Seguchi-Ohkutsu, Mayumi Seguchi-Okutsu) is a Japanese curler, a five-time (1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997) and a six-time Japan women's champion (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998).
Also, she competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics, where curling was a demonstration sport and the Japanese team finished in eighth place.
Masanao's ability to exquisitely capture animal forms in ever varying poses, often imbued with a vitality which evokes the sense of a moment frozen in time, strongly suggests direct observation from nature.
The Bemidji State Beavers women's ice hockey program represented the Bemidji State University during the 2013-14 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
Roscoe Dexter Dix (June 11, 1839September 5, 1912) was a Michigan politician who served as Michigan Auditor General from 1897 to 1900.
At some point in his life, Dix had various jobs, including that of a barber, a real estate agent, and a banker.
Jacob J. Berner (March 3, 1852 – May 18, 1931) was an American politician who served in the Wyoming Senate as a Democrat.
On August 31, 1880 his family moved to the Wyoming Territory and became ranchers until 1885 and then carpenters until 1900.
In 1910 he was elected to the Wyoming Senate and served until 1919 where he served on the judiciary, public buildings and institutions, elections, and immigration committees.
In 1920 he left Laramie, Wyoming and moved to Torrance, California where he died on May 18, 1931 after suffering from an illness for months.
Her work is included in Australia in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the National Gallery of Australia and the State Library of Victoria.
Murl K. Aten (August 13, 1901June 15, 1971) was a Michigan politician who served as Michigan Auditor General from 1947 to 1950.
In 1950, Aten was an unsuccessful candidate in the Republican primary the position of United States Representative from Michigan's 2nd District.
The eighth general election of the 45-seat Regional Council of the North Caribbean Coast, one of the two autonomous regions of Nicaragua, took place on 3 March 2019.
Downey Records was an American record label owned by Bill Wenzel (July 26, 1912 – November 20, 1999) in Downey, California, and distributed at times by Dot Records.
In 1959, he began the Jack Bee label which he eventually turned into the Downey label with a studio in the back of the record store.
When Wenzel retired from the business in the 1960s, his son Tom Wenzel (1935–2008) and Tom's wife Maxine continued running the shop.
The following table shows artists who achieved two or more top 10 entries in 2020, including songs that reached their peak in 2019.
He was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1948 until his death, representing Metropolitan Province.
He migrated to Western Australia in 1912, and along with his brother Ernest, formed Hearn Bros and Stead Pty Ltd, based out of a converted church in Victoria Park, with each serving as joint managing directors.
Their business expanded to become one of the state's most prominent furniture manufacturers, operating a two-acre site at Victoria Park and other factories in West Perth and Welshpool, and in 1950 expanded into the larger holding company Hearn Industries Ltd.
He stepped down as managing director of Hearn Industries in 1954 in favour of his son Noel, but remained a board director.
He was active in employer organisations, serving as president of the Employers' Federation of Western Australia, the Chamber of Manufactures of Western Australia and the State Furniture Trades Association and acting president of the Australian Council of Employers' Federations.
He was state vice-president and Perth branch president of the Liberal Party, founder and president of conservative lobby group the Citizen Rights Association, an honorary commissioner for the Australian Comfort Fund during World War II, president of the Perth Football Club and patron of the Western Australian Motor Cycling Association.
Hearn was elected to the Legislative Council for Metropolitan Province at the 1948 biennial elections, defeating fellow Liberal Sir Hal Colebatch.
In his early career, he researched antibiotic agents against tuberculosis and syphilis, earning a Lasker Award for his work on isoniazid, a drug used to treat tuberculosis.
McDermott completed his internship and residency at New York Hospital, which was then a teaching hospital for Cornell University Medical College.
His early career was interrupted by repeated exacerbations of tuberculosis; his health eventually recovered by 1950 after treatment with isoniazid and surgery to remove part of his lung.
He traveled to Mexico to conduct a study comparing different antibiotic therapies against syphilis, and showed that chloramphenicol was significantly superior to tetracycline and amphotericin B.
He conducted pioneering research into the use of streptomycin in tuberculosis, and in 1955 he received a Lasker Award for his research on isoniazid, the same antibiotic that had brought his own tuberculosis into remission.
Later, McDermott focused on public health efforts, starting with the Navajo populations of Arizona and New Mexico, whom he learned were dying from fatal forms of tuberculosis at much greater rates than the rest of the U.S. population.
Shocked at the health conditions in the disadvantaged Navajo population, he organized a public health initiative, the Many Farms Project, to bring basic healthcare and isoniazid therapy to Navajo people.
He became a professor of public health and chair of Cornell University's public health department in 1955 and led local projects to improve healthcare in New York City.
Between 1947 and 1968, he served on several councils and committees for the National Institutes of Health, and was a member of the World Health Organization's advisory committees on tuberculosis (1958–73) and medical research (1964–67).
He was appointed Professor of Public Affairs in Medicine at Cornell University in 1972 and became Emeritus Professor in Public Health and Medicine in 1975.
Cyril Joseph Settle Dodd (1844 - 29 January 1913) was a British Liberal Party politician who served who served as Member of Parliament for Maldon in Essex in the 25th Parliament between 1892 and 1895.
With foreign assistance the Taiwanese defense industry has produced fighter aircraft, missile systems, surface ships, radars, rocket artillery, armored vehicles, and assault rifles.
The defense sector was reinvigorated following the recognition of the PRC by the United States in 1979 and the subsequent uncertainty this injected into the US-Taiwan relationship.
In 2014 the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation was privatized with the government retaining a 39% stake and the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology was made an administrative corporation of the government rather than a constituent of the Armaments Bureau.
The National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology and the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation are the only two Taiwanese defense companies with the capabilities of a full defense prime.
In addition to the big defense firms there are more than 200 small and medium businesses involved in the defense industry.
In 2019 the Legislative Yuan passed the National Defense Industry Development Act which among other things instructed the Ministry of National Defense to evaluate prospective defense companies and rank them in three tiers based on their technological capability, the size of their operations and their experience in researching, developing, manufacturing and maintaining military equipment, as well as their track record working with academia, businesses or foreign companies.
Later in 2019 the Legislative Yuan passed a bill which encourages foreign direct investment in the defense industry and other ”strategic” industries.
The T65 and T91 assault rifles have been widely exported and the upper receiver for the T91 has been sold on the US civilian market.
After a birdie-bogey exchange on the next hole, however, they were tied and Godfrey would slightly outplay Bohen over the course of the back nine to win by one.
Bohen started the final round of the Otago Charity Classic in second place, four behind New Zealand's Bob Charles, playing in his home country.
Bohen did not put up much of a fight against his playing partner Charles, who would win easily, but birdied the final hole for a 71 (−1) to assure second place by a shot over Godfrey and Peter Thomson.
Shortly after he left the PGA Tour, Bohen worked as a club professional at Leewood Golf Club in Eastchester, New York.
However, Jones had a weak final day, shooting +3 on the first 17 holes and then collapsing on the last, making double-bogey.
However Tapper made an eagle putt of roughly 50 feet to tie him and then, on the final hole, nearly made a hole in one.
Bohen was the overnight leader three months later at the Indian Open but, under pressure from playing partner Peter Thomson, did not play well in the final round and finished 4th.
On November 6, 1894, Latimer was elected as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, where he represented Mecosta County and served from January 2, 1895 to 1896.
On November 3, 1896, Latimer was elected as a member of the Michigan Senate, where he represented the 25th district served from January 6, 1897 to 1900.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
He finds another murdered man with a bill of sale to the same plot of land, and tracks the killers to the town of Flat Rock.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Wildcats finished the 2019 season 36–24 overall, and 14–10 in the SEC to finish in a tie for second in the conference.
The Wildcats hosted a regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and later advanced to the Seattle Super Regional against Washington.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The fire, which was started by a lightning strike, was reported on July 8, 2018 and threatened the nearby town of Temagami, as well as forced evacuation of some residents along Highway 11 south of the town.
Three intense thunderstorms took place in the North Bay District with little accompanying rain between June 30 and July 6, 2018 that resulted in several wildfires throughout the North Bay Fire Management Area.
It was approximately in size and posed an imminent threat to areas in front of the wildfire's path, resulting in 20 homes being evacuated south of the town between Finlayson Point Provincial Park and Jessie Lake.
By July 9, the town of Temagami became very smokey and a voluntary notice had been issued for the town to evacuate.
North Bay 69 had grown in size by July 10 and the town of Temagami was still on a voluntary evacuation notice.
The wildfire was remapped to reflect a more accurate size of on July 15, although it had not grown in recent days.
The Municipality of Temagami ended its declaration of emergency on July 24 and North Bay 69 was eventually extinguished on August 15.
Inaccurate information regarding the dangers posed to Temagami by North Bay 69 in early July 2018 had a devastating effect on businesses in the community throughout the summer season.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
Mabee Corner (also previously known as Mabee's Stand and simply Mabee's) is an unincorporated community in Hamilton Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States.
It is located west of Oak Hill at the intersection of Bucklick Creek Road (County Road 63) and Ohio State Route 139, at .
The Mabees Post Office was originally established at Mabee's store on September 27, 1849 with James Mabee as the first Postmaster.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the state of Ohio.
It was built by German immigrant carpenter Johnny Sack, but its design seems from then-modern bungalow style, rather than from German origins.
Girmay Zahilay () is an Ethiopian American politician who serves on the King County Council from District 2 in Seattle, Washington.
Zahilay moved between public housing arrangements in several neighborhoods in South Seattle, including the International District and Skyway, while his mother Abie worked double shifts as a nursing assistant.
The family also stayed at a homeless shelter in Downtown Seattle between moves to public housing in NewHolly and Rainier Vista.
He graduated from Franklin High School in Seattle and was a research intern at the University of Washington Department of Biology.
Zahilay earned a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania and worked as an intern at the Office of the White House Counsel during the Obama administration.
Zahilay worked for the Congressional Hunger Center and New York City Coalition Against Hunger as a community organizer after graduating from college.
He announced his County Council District 2 campaign in February 2019, becoming the first challenger to six-term incumbent Larry Gossett since 2005.
Gossett, who had also attended Franklin High School and had led his own Black Student Union at the University of Washington, trailed Zahilay in the primary election by a 37 percent margin.
He was sworn in to represent District 2 on January 8, 2020, and was selected to chair the council's Law and Justice Committee.
The Tigers finished the 2019 season 43–19 overall, and 14–10 in the SEC to finish in a tie for second in the conference.
The Tigers hosted a regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and later advanced to the Minneapolis Super Regional against Minnesota.
Congressional Dish is a podcast hosted by Jennifer Briney and focuses on reporting about the United States Congress from a non-partisan perspective.
The topics of the podcast generally focus on what Briney finds interesting at the time that is not being covered by the mainstream media.
Despite this Briney identifies corporate influence in politics as the major issue today and tries to spotlight when she encounters cases of it.
Jennifer Briney had been interested in politics since 2003 when she saw the launch of the Iraq War from Bonn, Germany where she was studying at the time.
She noticed how people in Germany seemed much more knowledgeable of the war than those in the United States which led to her becoming involved more politically.
Briney started the podcast in 2012 after she had was unsure of her career path and wanted a more fulfilling job.
She initially tried to read every bill passed by Congress under the impression that is what Members of Congress had to do, she no longer does this but instead reads all bills passed into law, she says that it helped her learn about how Congress works.
In 2018 Briney went on RT America's The World According to Jesse and in 2019 went on C-SPAN's Washington Journal to discuss the podcast.
Group consciousness in political science refers to the dynamic by which members of a social identity group come to regard their group as politically relevant for its members with regards to its status in society, with the implication that the members of the group should therefore work together for political ends.
Group membership is the 'objective' belonging within the group, while identification refers to the subjective psychological importance of the group to the member.
Her family moved again, this time to Carbondale, Illinois and she briefly attended high school there, before her family moved to Massachusetts where Edelin attended Stockbridge High School.
She created the M. Carl Holman Leadership Development Institute and the Executive Leadership Program and created landmark education programs for African American children.
That same year, she was appointed by then president Bill Clinton to the Presidential Board on Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
She did her undergraduate studies at University College Dublin, and performed research both at the University of Tübingen and at University College Dublin as part of her graduate studies.
It is near to Sushrutha Hospital, Palton Road, Malakpet Gunj, Bank Of Baroda, Essar Petrol Pump, Vijaya Bank and Jamia Masjid street.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
Jack Doohan (born 20 January 2003) is an Australian race car driver and member of the Red Bull Junior Team, currently competing in the FIA Formula 3 Championship.
Born in Budapest Austrian Empire, Eibenschütz studied at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music with Franz Liszt, Robert Volkmann and Ferenc Erkel.
Since 1887 he conducted at all major theaters in Austria and in 1895 he joined the Theater an der Wien for 10 years.
In 1907 he became partner of Andreas Amann, the director of the Carltheater, which he finally directed from 1908 till his death.
Under his direction only operettas were performed at the Carltheater and of 19 works there were only 6 which were performed less than 100 times in a row.
His sisters were the pianist Ilona Eibenschütz, the opera singer Riza Eibenschütz and the actress Gina Eibenschütz, his daughter the singing teacher Maria Theodora Eibenschütz.
Kamil Yarmatov (Konibodom, May 2, 1903 - Moscow, November 24, 1978) was the most famous actor and director in the cinema of Tajikistan during the Soviet era..
A member since his juvenile years of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he went to Moscow to study under Valentin Turkin at the Moscow Film School, where he graduated in 1931.
After graduating in Moscow, Yarmatov went back to his native Tajikistan to help with the newly established state cinema company Tajikkino, where he started his directing career.
Both were Soviet patriotic documentaries, the first about the mobilization of Tajiks in the Soviet army, and the second describing the life of border guards at the Afghan frontier.
The script had been written by the Armenian poet Gabriel El-Registan and the film was approved by the authorities for distribution throughout the Soviet Union, as it argued that Tajiks who remained in Socialist Tajikistan had a better life than those who emigrated from the Soviet Union.
His later movies were less successful, as a new generation of Soviet filmmakers was moving away from the patriotic tunes typical of Yarmatov, but he assumed a semi-official role as an ambassador of Soviet cinema throughout the world, until his death in Moscow in 1978.
Calixto Alvarez was born on March 15, 1938 in Santa Isabel de las Lajas, Cienfuegos, Cuba, and began to play musical instruments when he was just five years old.
In 1958 he travelled to the United States, where he studied piano, organ and composition until 1966 at the Julius Hartt College of Music.
At a later time, in 1967, he went to Poland where he studied at the Warsaw Superior School of Music with Andrzej Dobrowolsky, Włodzimierz Kotoński and other professors.
She attended the Melbourne School of Art (MSA) and Charterisville where she was taught by E. Phillips Fox and Tudor St. George Tucker.
In 1916 Gregory was one of the Melbourne artists who volunteered to paint the portraits of children to raise funds for the French Red Cross.
A solo exhibition of 176 her artworks at the Melbourne Athenaeum was opened by Sir Robert Garran in April 1925 and received mixed reviews.
Anisotome antipoda is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae family, which is endemic to the Auckland, Campbell and Antipodes Islands.
The axis of the inflorescence is 0.6-1.2 m by 0.1-0.3 m. The 10-30 stalks of individual flowers (pedicels) are 0.5 mm long.
The flowers are dark pink to magenta and are seen from October to March with fruiting occurring from March to May.
It was first described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1844 from plants collected when he served as surgeon on HMS Erebus during the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror.
The USA Cross Country Championships took place in San Diego, California, on 18 January 2020 and served as the US Trials for 4th edition of 2020 Pan American Cross Country Cup (6 member teams) in Victoria, Canada.
In 1997, she established S-COMM Australia and in 2007 sold it to Repucom.From 2007 to 2014, she was Managing Director for Repucom - Australia and New Zealand.
During 2019, Anderson was instrumental in lobbying for a AUD$8 million investment from the Australian Government for Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, AUD $4million from the Australian Government for the construction of a community, education and events centre at Paralympics Australia's base in Tullamarine, Victoria and launching a new brand for the organisation - Paralympics Australia.
In addition, Paralympics Australia signed a landmark media rights deal with Seven West Media to exclusively screen and stream the Paralympic Games and the 2019 World Championships for Para-athletics and Para-swimming.
Anderson has been a member of boards that include - Gold Coast Titans NRL Club , Australian International Military Group, Parramatta Stadium Trust, 2002 Melbourne World Masters Games, Camp Quality and Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences.
Habit is the debut EP by American indie rock musician Snail Mail, originally released on July 12, 2016 through Sister Polygon Records and later reissued through Matador Records on August 30, 2019.
This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United Kingdom during 2020.
After a while he became interested in the field of religious studies and therefore immigrated to Mashhad to continue his studies.
After some time working in the field of the Iran–Iraq War, Akef established a publishing house and entered the publishing industry.
The episode stars Goran Višnjić as Nikola Tesla, Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor and Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as Doctor Who's companions Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair, and Yasmin Khan.
At Niagara Falls in 1903, Nikola Tesla is unsuccessful in getting investors for his wireless power transmission system as it is seen as dangerous and crazy.
The Doctor arrives in time to help them escape aboard a train headed to New York City, ditching their pursuer by detaching the car.
In New York, the group finds protesters waiting outside Tesla's lab, having been goaded into fearing Tesla and his inventions by his competitor Thomas Edison.
After spotting a spy for Edison, the Doctor, Graham and Ryan visit Edison's workshop, suspecting him to be behind the attack on Tesla.
The Doctor tries to warn Tesla and Yaz back at his lab, but the two are captured and transported to an invisible alien ship above the city.
She learns that the Skithra ship is just a collection of stolen parts from various species and the Skithra just use others to do their work for them.
The Doctor warns the Queen to leave, but the Queen refuses, threatening if Tesla is not given over, she will destroy Earth.
While Tesla and the Doctor hook up the TARDIS to help power Tesla's Wardenclyffe Tower, Graham, Ryan, Yaz, Dorothy and Edison ward off the invading scorpion-like Skithra.
Yaz is disappointed that despite Telsa's heroics, his reputation in the future remained unchanged, but the Doctor reminds her that Tesla's vision for a wireless world will still come to pass.
He was the member of Tenth Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Surathkal constituency from 1994 to 1999, He won as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
He was awarded Yakshamangala award from P Dayananda Pai and P Satish Pai Yakshagana Adhyayana Kendra at Mangalore University for the year 2018-2019.
He also opposed Lincoln's abolitionist plans, and defended slavery, in a controversial book that was published in English and Spanish in 1864.
At-Targhib wat-Tarhib (), () is one of the secondary Hadith book compilted by Hafiz Zaki-ud-deen Abdul Azeem Al Munzari (d.656 AH) in the 7th century of Islamic History.
The author of the book basically compiled those Hadiths which are dealing with virtues of various good deeds and warning to avoid some Evil Deeds.
At the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, de Silva ran as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate in the newly created electorate of Balapitiya.
He polled 8,465 votes (33% of the total vote), 647 votes ahead of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party candidate, L. C. de Silva, and 2,230 votes ahead of the United National Party candidate, Ian de Zoysa.
The election results however left neither of Ceylon's two major parties with a majority, with the result being the calling of another election.
This time receiving 13,812 votes (55% of the total vote) and 2,971 votes ahead of the United National Party candidate, V. T. de Zoysa.
On the 3 December 1964 Lakshman was one of thirteen SLFP members who crossed the floor with the deputy leader, Charles Percival de Silva, to defeat the Sirimavo Bandaranaike government's throne speech, to nationalise the press, which led to the government calling for fresh elections.
At the ensuing 6th parliamentary election, held on 22 March 1965, he contested the seat of Balapitiya as the candidate for the Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party (SLFSP).
The United National Party having formed a coalition with the SLFSP didn't run a candidate in the electorate, neither did the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.
De Silva received 16,519 votes (49% of the total vote) but was defeated 96 votes by the Lanka Sama Samaja Party candidate, Lokuge Chandradasa de Silva.
A by-election for the seat was subsequently held on 17 December 1968 for the electorate, where de Silva, representing the United National Party was re-elected, defeating the Lanka Sama Samara Party candidate, Weerasinghe de Silva, by 1,530 votes.
At the 1970 general parliamentary elections de Silva was defeated by Weerasinghe de Silva, who ran as part of the United Front, winning the seat by over 8,000 votes.
At the 8th parliamentary election held on 21 July 1977, de Silva failed to obtain the nomination of the United National Party and therefore ran as an Independent.
He was unsuccessful in his bid to get re-elected, polling 4,556 votes (16.4% of the total votes), falling short of the United National Party candidate, Norman Waidyaratna, by 11,189 votes.
In the early 1950s de Silva was appointed as the Manager of Dharmasoka College, a role he held until the school was taken over by the Government in 1960.
He took a leading part in the 1953 Hartal, in the same year he was elected to the Watugedera Town Council, serving as its Chairman from 1956 until 1965.
At the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, de Silva ran as the Lanka Sama Samaja Party candidate in the newly created electorate of Balapitiya.
He failed to get elected polling 7,818 votes (30% of the total vote), 647 votes behind the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, Lakshman de Silva but 1,583 votes ahead of the United National Party candidate, Ian de Zoysa.
At the 6th parliamentary election, held on 22 March 1965, he re-contested the seat of Balapitiya and was successful defeating the incumbent, Lakshman de Silva, by 96 votes, polling 16,615 (39.4% of the total vote).
De Silva contested the seat of Ambalangoda at the 7th parliamentary election, where he was elected, receiving 22,356 votes (64.4% of the total vote) defeating the incumbent, M. H. Saddhasena, by 10,628 votes.
At the 8th parliamentary election, held on 21 July 1977, he lost the seat to the United National Party candidate, Raitor Thilakasekara, by 8,175 votes.
Cheriyo is a Sri Lankan film series centered on a series of comedy action films, produced by TK Films and RS Films and distributed by EAP cinema theaters.
After series of comedy incidents, Chaminda's friend Nalin also attended to the hospital with fake illness and Chaminda's realized that his sister Madhu falls in love with Nalin.
Army group led by Captain Doson commands seven funny soldiers - Huntin, Ping Pong, Bantum, Kang Kung, Pabul, Tom Tom accompany with Tarzan.
After series of comedy events, army troop rescued Varuni and meantime destroy the bridge that connect the Army territory and Alphosus territory.
With the final battle initiated by hotel workers, Gulliver flees with his troop and Miss Sweetie joins with her boyfriend and leave the hospital.
Until that moment, the film revolves around many comedy incidents as well as hotel workers flirt around the beautiful girl, later known as the ghost.
11 of them (11/0.23 round 0%) are full-size courses with 18 holes or more, and 12 of them (12/0.23 round 0%) are smaller courses that feature at least 9 holes.
Quebec has the lowest number of disc golf courses per capita of any province in Canada, with 23/*1000000 round 1 courses per million inhabitants, compared to the Canadian average of 276/*1000000 round 1.
The 2020 GT Sports Club Europe is the sixth season of the SRO Motorsports Group's GT Sports Club, an auto racing series for grand tourer cars.
The GT Sports Club is a championship for Bronze level drivers only, with two additional sub-classes based on age, Titanium and Iron, in order to separate the potential of using higher-level drivers who are often in amateur classes based on their age.
The Iron categorisation for drivers over the age of 60 (meaning all drivers who would be FIA Platinum or Gold but are 60 or older).
For the GT3 Sports Club Europe, the season will begin at Monza on 18 April and will end at Barcelona on 11 October, meanwhile the GT2 Sports Club Europe season will begin at Misano on 4 July and will end at Imola on 1 November.
The calendar was released on 28 September at an SRO Motorsports Group press conference ahead of the 2019 Barcelona 3 Hours.
The Tigers finished the 2019 season 35–25 overall, and 12–12 in the SEC to finish in a tie for sixth in the conference.
The earliest reference to a church at Walton dates to 1168, when one was recorded as being in the possession of Glastonbury Abbey.
Walton formed a benefice with Street from at least the middle of the 13th-century, with Walton being considered an annexed chapelry.
It is believed to have been of 12th-century origin, with a major rebuild of the 14th-century, during which time the north and south porches were added.
The original central tower and part of the nave were demolished in 1836 and a new tower built on the north side of the church.
By the middle of the 19th-century, the church was in a dilapidated condition and was also considered inadequate to serve the growing congregation.
As part of the rebuilding project, a north aisle was added to provide additional accommodation and a vestry added to the north side of the chancel.
The interior of the walls are of Bath stone with courses of red brick, and the pillars of the north aisle are also of Bath stone.
The church's pews and the altar are of oak, the pulpit of Bath stone and the lectern of iron and brass.
Three memorial tablets were retained from the old church, as was the top of a tomb of 14th-century origin, which was fixed in the north-west corner of the church.
The south side of the chancel has a stained glass window in memory of the incumbent's first wife, Sophia Mary Hickley, who died in 1857.
The church's tower contains five bells, including one by Richard Austen, dated 1637, one by Thomas Purdue, dated 1687, and another by William Purdue, undated.
Formerly, this route designated as part of the Olympic Expressway but on January 3, 2008, it was separated into two segments that shared the same designation number with Gwangju-Daegu Expressway.
In 1863 Elizabeth Hawkins Knight and her husband, politician Andrew Knight, travelled from Liverpool to Melbourne on the SS Great Britain, arriving on 17 December.
Kenny Bass (1922-1987), born Peter Bastasic Jr., was the Dean of Cleveland-Style Polka broadcasters and led the Kenny Bass Polka Poppers Orchestra.
He was awarded three Battle Stars and a Purple Heart and then started his broadcasting career in 1948 on station WSRS.
Wellesley Gol Talab, (also known as Gol Talab), is a park located in Taltala neighbourhood in Central Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The pond is known to exist since at least early 19th century due to the fact that famous Urdu poet, Ghalib wanted to settle in the locality.
The fourth side has a road that falls under addresses of Deedar Buksh Lane, Alimuddin Street, Waliullah Lane, and Taltalla Lane.
The Bakhta flows in a remote mountainous area through a narrow valley surrounded by taiga until it leaves the plateau area and flows across the Yensei plain.
A section of the lower course of the river, including its confluence with the Yenisei are located in the Central Siberia Nature Reserve.
It was established on 1 January 1958 following the amalgamation of the Municipality of Scone with the original Upper Hunter Shire.
It amalgamated with parts of the abolished Merriwa Shire and Murrurundi Shire to form a new, larger Upper Hunter Shire on 17 March 2004.
Uni Air Flight 873 was a Taiwanese domestic passenger flight between Taipei and Hualien that went up in flames following an explosion after landing at Hualien Airport, Taiwan, on 24 August 1999, resulting in 27 injuries and one death.
Shortly after landing, at 12:36 local time, an explosion was heard in the front section of the passenger cabin, followed by smoke and then fire.
After a call for help to the tower by the pilot, fire squads at Hualien Airport and the Air Force Wing rushed to extinguish the fire, which was put out by 13:45 WST.
One of the passengers with serious injuries died 47 days after the accident, while another passenger had a miscarriage of her 26-week-old fetus.
The investigation later revealed that former Taiwanese decathlete Ku Chin-shui, who was absent from the flight, had given bottles of flammable liquid to his nephew to transport.
An Aviation Safety Council report said it was thought that the bottles were incorrectly sealed and gasoline fumes leaked, which later ignited when a motorbike battery in a nearby overhead luggage compartment was jostled, discharging an electric arc.
The fifth retrial found him not guilty after the judge said that although Ku had asked his nephew to carry a bottle of bleach in his luggage, the fragments that tested positive for gasoline were not limited to the fragments of the bottle.
The Arani Municipality has population of 92375 of which 45,187 are males while 47188 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.
The 2020 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships was the 56th NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships and the 39th NCAA Women's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships, held at the Albuquerque Convention Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
In total, thirty-four different men's and women's indoor track and field events were contested from March 13 to March 14, 2020.
He served as the inaugural registrar of the University of Waikato (1964–1988), and chief executive officer of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (1990–2000).
Born in Waimate on 7 December 1932, Kingsbury was the son of Frances Emily Hall Kingsbury (née White) and George Ernest Raymond Kingsbury.
He was educated at Waimate High School from 1946 to 1951, and then went on to study at Canterbury University College from 1952 to 1956, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1955 and Master of Arts in 1957.
From 1959 to 1960, he was associate secretary of the International Student Conference based in Leiden in the Netherlands, and then from 1960 to 1961 he was the body's secretary-general.
After returning from the Netherlands, Kingsbury worked in administration at Victoria University of Wellington, rising to assistant registrar, before being appointed registrar of the newly created University of Waikato in 1964.
He was influential in the development of Waikato, particularly in relation to the development of a school of Māori and Pacific studies and the responsibilities of the university towards Māori, the development of and access to continuing education and distance-learning programmes, and the founding of the Waikato Students' Union.
Kingsbury was made a life member of the University of Canterbury Students' Association in 1956, and he was accorded a similar honour by the Waikato Students' Union in 1988.
In the 2001 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to education.
She competed for the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team in the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
A Speck in the Water (Filipino: Nunal Sa Tubig) is a 1976 Philippine drama film written by Jorge Arago and directed by Ishmael Bernal.
It tells the story of a love triangle in the impoverished village involving Benjamin (George Estregan), a fisherman in the Laguna de Bay and two women in the villageーChedeng (Daria Ramirez), a soon-to-be midwife and Maria (Elizabeth Oropesa), a beautiful young woman from the barrio.
It received seven nominations from the 1977 Gawad Urian including Best Picture, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Production Design, and Best Sound.
Benjamin (George Estregan), who owns a boat that shuttles passengers to town, has a regular passenger Chedeng (Daria Ramirez), who is going to be a midwife soon.
The film was shot in Laguna de Bay which is located in the province of Laguna and the town of Binangonan, Rizal.
The restored version of the film was premiered on August 8, 2018 at the Cultural Center of the Philippines as part of the 14th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival.
The premiere was attended by the film's stars Elizabeth Oropesa and Daria Ramirez, actor Kiko Estrada (grandson of George Estregan), and the staff of the ABS-CBN Film Archives.
Modern era film directors Adolfo Alix Jr. and Benedict Mique, Carmona Gale (representing the Kantana Post-Production), Sabrina Baracetti and Max Tessler (of Udine Far East Film Festival), and Ronald Arguelles (Cinema One - Channel Head) also attended the premiere.
The only existing 35mm copy (with Japanese subtitles) of the film was in the Fukuoka City Public Library Archive and it has found its way home.
Before its restoration, the film had numerous defects such as dust, scratches, line scratches, patches, continuous dust, flicker, stabilization, squeeze, bump, film tear, band, gate hair, reel changeover marks, and stains, which were all successfully eliminated at 3,600 total restoration hours by more than 250 professional restoration artists.
The Japanese-language subtitled 35mm print, the sole element used for the restoration, was from the collection of the Fukuoka City Public Library Film Archive.
This print has been in the Fukuoka collection since 2002 along when it was acquired along with prints of four other Philippines’ films from Japan Foundation.
That festival featured 12 works as well as including a keynote lecture by renowned Philippines’ screenwriter and director Clodualdo Del Mundo Jr.
The 35mm print was prepared and digitally scanned in 4K resolution by Tokyo Ko-on Ltd in 2017; a presentation on this work was made by Nobukazu Suzuki of Tokyo Ko-On last year.
After scanning the data was digitally restored in 2K using a 1:1.85 aspect ratio by Kantana Post Production (Thailand) by ABS-CBN, Manila, and successors to Crown Seven Film Productions.
The domestic première of the restoration took place in August, 2018 with the international première being this screening in Fukuoka at FIFF 2018.
The screening was followed by a discussion on the restoration of Nunal sa Tubig and film restoration challenges in Asia where so much content is not even within the continent, let alone the country of origin.
It is located in the east of the town and spans an area of , making it the largest park in Trafford Borough.
It includes a pets' corner, wildlife garden, bowling greens, tennis and basketball courts, a childrens play area, disc golf course, and an athletics stadium.
As the Manchester–Stretford boundary ran across the park until the Boundary Commission moved it in 1987, part of it (including the Athletics Stadium) was in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, although it was always administered by Trafford council.
Longford Park was the home of industrialist John Rylands, industrialist and philanthroper from 1855 until his death in 1888 and of his widow Enriqueta Augustina Rylands until her death in 1908.
It replaced an earlier house of the same name that had been the residence of cotton merchant Thomas Walker (died 1817) and subsequently of his sons Thomas (died 1836) and Charles.
The estate and hall were sold to Stretford Council in 1911 after a poll of ratepayers, and the park was opened to the public the following year.
The 2020 Metro Manila Summer Film Festival will be the first edition of the annual Metro Manila Summer Film Festival held in Metro Manila and throughout the Philippines.
It is to be organized by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) in partnership with the Cinema Exhibitors Association of the Philippines.
The entries will be selected among submitted finished films produced not earlier than January 1, 2020 and films earlier submitted for the 2019 Metro Manila Film Festival finished film competition.
The scape has long, straight hairs without bracts; sepals with a few hairs at the tips; petals are undivided with carnose tips; leaves are pilose and withered at flowering; lips carnose divided into five linear, acute lobes; spur broadly conical, curved.
Two other possible observations were located from Modderfontein and from a marsh in Killarney; although neither of these have been confirmed.
Urban expansion is blamed for destroying subpopulations, however, intact habitat remains in the Suikerbosrand nature reserve; other threats include inappropriate fire management as well as alien invasive plants.
She was engaged in the fight against institutional racism in the Seattle Art Museum library where she was head of Civic Engagement Programs.
He has also conducted the Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne, the Bamberg Symphony, the Staatskapelle Halle, the Bruckner Orchestra Linz, the Berlin Konzerthaus Orchestra, the orchestras of the Hessian State Theater and the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz etc.
Poschner, also known as an excellent jazz pianist, has worked with artists such as Klaus Maria Brandauer, Natalia Gutman, Giora Feidman, Bruno Jonas, Baiba Skride and Maximilian Schell.
Since the winter semester 2010/2011 he is an honorary professor at the University of Bremen where He teaches courses in musicology and music education.
Song was born on 22 October 1995 in Australia, and moved to Shanghai with her family when she was four years old.
Song was discovered by a Korean talent scout when she was 15 and trained under JYP Entertainment from 2011 to 2014.
She was supposed to debut with a girl group called 6MIX, but Song suffered a serious knee injury and decided to leave the entertainment company.
Whether it’s about not letting go of love, not letting go of a dream or stridently coming through some form of adversity.
The 1979–80 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 80th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Dann, a graduate of the University of Oregon and Columbia University, was working as a secretary in 1984, having abandoned her career aspiration of becoming a writer.
After completing the redrafting of the novel, Dann found a literary agent who sold the novel to Ticknor and Fields, who published it in 1986.
It is housed in a refurbishment of the former Alfred Barrow School with a newly built extension housing the patient-facing services and all clinical spaces.
It houses three GP surgeries - Abbey Road Surgery, Risedale Surgery, Atkinson Health Centre - and services provided by North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust and University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust as well as facilities for Morecambe Bay CCG, BAE Systems and Boots Pharmacy.
The Chengdu Wing Loong II (), military designation GJ-2, is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group in the People's Republic of China.
Intended for use as a surveillance and aerial reconnaissance and precision strike platform, Chengdu unveiled the concept of Wing Loong II at the Aviation Expo China in Beijing on September 2015.
The prototype of the Wing Loong II was presented for the first time to the public during the Airshow China exhibition, held in Zhuhai from 1-6 November, 2016.
A satellite communications antenna is situated on top front surface of the fuselage, offering long range data transmission between the UAV and the ground station.
The Wing Loong II is used by UAE to perform airstrike against the Government of National Accord in Libyan civil war.
The GNA received 12 Bayraktar TB2s in two batches between May and July, at least half of them have been destroyed during LNA airstrikes using Wing Loong IIs, the second batch delivered in July was to replace the losses of the first.
He is the head of the Jilin Provincial United Front Work Department and a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Jilin Provincial Committee.
He served as Deputy Mayor of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in February 2007, and six years later promoted to the Mayor position.
In May 2017 he was appointed the head of the Jilin Provincial United Front Work Department and a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Jilin Provincial Committee.
The 1990 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour.
Charles Hugh Egerton Smyth (31 March 1903 – 29 October 1987) was a British ecclesiastical historian and an Anglican minister who served as canon of Westminster Abbey from 1946 until 1956.
He was awarded Firsts for both parts of the Historical Tripos and he also won the Thirlwall Medal and the Gladstone Prize.
Smyth then spent the next few years lecturing history at Cambridge before being appointed curate of St Clement's, Barnsbury, Islington in 1933.
He had a high reputation as a teacher and it was commonly expected that he would be appointed to a chair in ecclesiastical history.
A liberal Catholic and an admirer of the Book of Common Prayer, Smyth revered the Anglican Church of William Laud's time.
On the tercentenary of the execution of Charles I, he took great pleasure in delivering a sermon in the parish church of the House of Commons that praised Charles' virtues.
He was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1947 to 1950, representing Central Province.
He was educated at St Joachim's Convent School in Victoria Park and St Patrick's Boys School, but left school early to work on his family's farm at Kukerin and later for D. & J. Fowler Ltd.
He enlisted for military service on 6 October 1917, and was an orderly in the dental corps of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps and attended non-commissioned officer training before embarking overseas on 29 October 1918; however, with the end of the war on 11 November he was reported as returning home in December.
He was discharged on 17 January 1919, re-enlisted with the Home Service Corps the next day, and worked in the military headquarters in Perth until 1920, having made sergeant in June 1919.
Daffen returned to Kukerin in 1920 under the repatriation scheme and began farming wheat and sheep in partnership with his brother; he served as president of the Kukerin branch of the Wheatgrowers' Union during this time.
He withdrew from the partnership in 1932, returned to Perth and worked as a branch manager for Bruce Small Pty Ltd. Daffen then moved to Geraldton in 1936, where he worked for Young Motors Limited as manager of their radio and sports department until his election to parliament.
He was a councillor of the Municipality of Geraldton from 1943 to 1947, captain of the Utakarra Golf Club at Geraldton from 1936 to 1940, trustee and honorary secretary of the Geraldton Sailors and Soldiers Memorial Institute from 1942 to 1950 and deputy controller of air raid precautions at Geraldton during World War II.
Daffen was elected to the Legislative Council at a by-election on 30 August 1947 caused by the death of John Drew.
He ran for re-election in 1950 (his seat having been renamed Midland Province) on a platform including new water supply schemes and attempts to combat soil erosion and soil salinity, but was defeated by Country Party candidate Ray Jones.
Daffen had won majorities in the Geraldton and Greenough areas, but was narrowly beaten due to his opponent's victory margins in more rural areas.
Daffen moved back to Perth in June 1950 following his defeat; he later operated a store in North Perth and worked for a succession of companies.
(28 September 1878, Brockport, New York — 29 June 1950, Chebeague Island, Maine) was an American classical scholar, mostly notable for his bilingual editions of Lucian's works in the Loeb Classical Library (5 volumes, 1913-36).
He was soon recognized as a master translator and editor, and even Paul Shorey found little to critisize but much to praise.
Although editing and translating Lucian excluded him from most of other scholarly research, Harmon did not finish the task and prepared only 5 volumes of the intended 8 (the 6th was edited by K. Kilburn, the 7th and 8th by Matthew Donald Macleod).
Every person has a certain time to live in this world and it is important to understand how one lives one's life.
He realises that there are so many people who need help and he starts helping them in their problems which gives him confidence in himself, a great sense of satisfaction and very unique identity.
The 1978–79 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 79th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Indus Basin Replacement Works was carried out in Pakistan's Indus Basin Irrigation System which is one of the world's largest continuous irrigation system.
The replacement works also known as the Indus Basin Settlement Plan were implemented to provide Pakistan with enough water for irrigation needs following the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan.
The treaty gave away the rights three eastern rivers of the Indus Basin to India and to make up for this loss of water a network of dams and link canals was built to haul water from the western rivers Indus, Jhelum and Chenab to the eastern Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers.
The government of Pakistan completed the construction of Tarbela Dam and Mangla Dam and a number of barrages now being managed by Punjab Irrigation Department under the Indus Basin Replacement Works.
Over the course of his career, Hare has become well-known for his outsize role in shaping the sound of recorded a cappella.
At the beginning of the 1980s, Hare began working with a professional recording studio in the San Francisco Bay Area as a session musician.
In 1984, Hare purchased part ownership in the studio, and began his first work as a recording, mixing and mastering engineer.
Their 1990 followup album together earned the attention of Deke Sharon in Boston, who had heard the album and who wrote Hare a letter describing his new a cappella society (what would become the Contemporary A Cappella Society, also known as CASA).
Recording in those days on analog tape, modern techniques such as recording individual parts to a click track and editing them together did not yet exist.
At the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (CARAs) the next year, the album won awards in five categories, including Best Mixing and Engineering for Hare.
Hare's influence in the recorded a cappella world expanded (even as he continued recording orchestral and concert band albums on the side).
In 1999, Stanford University a cappella groups were nominated for a record 14 Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards for their new albums.
As of 2020, Hare has shifted his focus away from United States a cappella toward European and international a cappella groups.
For the shift, Hare cites an increasing degree of same-ness in the industry, in part due to the widespread adoption of his techniques.
Before Hare, a cappella was generally recorded exactly as a listener would perceive a live performance: with two microphones capturing the whole group at once, singing in a room.
At the turn of the 1990s, over the course of a few albums with Stanford collegiate a cappella groups, Hare developed a new style: This involved recording every voice as one would record instruments: each voice with its own microphone, and each singer just a few inches away from their microphone.
Placing all the voices so close to the listener's ear created an entirely new sound in a cappella recording, with increased presence for each voice.
Additionally, a cappella pre-1990s generally included no percussive elements; Hare was one of the first to implement vocal percussion in the style of real drum kits.
In 2018, he made the news in representing Transport Initiatives Edinburgh in the Edinburgh Tram Inquiry, with his remarks reported by the BBC and the Times..
Lord Fairley was formally installed as a Senator on 9th January 2020 in a ceremony in Court One of Parliament House, Edinburgh.
The eighth general election of the 45-seat Regional Council of the South Caribbean Coast, one of the two autonomous regions of Nicaragua, took place on 3 March 2019.
Designed by Charles Edmund Giles, it was built in 1854–1856 on the site of an earlier chapel and closed in 2011.
A scheme was devised and an appeal launched to raise £2,500 for the construction of a new church, a schoolroom and a parsonage.
The schoolroom was erected for a cost of £350 and was granted a license to be used as a place of worship until the new church was completed.
At 10 cm long the catfish is roughly four times the size of the other only known member of the genus.
Ágústa Guðmundsdóttir (born 1945) is a professor emerita in the School of Health Sciences at the University of Iceland, and was a co-founder of the biotechnology company Zymetech, where she also works in research & development.
Guðmundsdóttir completed BS studies in food science at the University of Iceland in 1980 and thereby became one of the first food scientists to graduate from the University.
She also completed BS studies in Biochemistry from the University of Iceland in 1984, and in 1988, she graduated with a PhD in Microbiology and Molecular Biology from the University of Virginia, School of Medicine with emphasis on genetic analysis and protein chemistry.
From 1980 to 1984, she worked on research at the Science Institute of the University of Iceland, and since 1989, she has been a visiting professor at the University of Virginia, School of Medicine.
She served as Associate Professor in Food Chemistry during the period 1989–1993, and in 1993, she was appointed the first Professor of Food Chemistry at the University of Iceland.
With the appointment, she became the first woman to be appointed Professor in the Faculty of Physical Sciences at the University of Iceland Ágústa has also conducted research at the University of California, San Francisco and New York University.
Guðmundsdóttir's research is focused on the use of cod enzymes to fight microbial infections, as well as on the development of medical products.
The company, which was founded in 1999, is based on the research of Ágústa and the late Jón Bragi Bjarnason, Professor of Biochemistry.
Zymetech makes use of trypsins from North-Atlantic Cod, which through the years has for the most part been discarded, and in this way, the company has developed a product that multiplies the value of the cod.
In 2015, Zymetech won the Icelandic Innovation Award, which s granted to companies considered to have achieved outstanding results in the development of a new product or service based and which have attained commercial success in the market.
Guðmundsdóttir was Chair of the Public Relations Committee at the University of Iceland during the period 1990–1993, and was a member of the board of the New Venture Capital Fund of Iceland (NSA) during 2003–2009, and a member of the board of Matís ohf (The Food Research Institute), during 2006–2016.
Ágústa was the first woman to be appointed Chair of the board of the National and University Library of Iceland during the years 2014–2018.
She has served as Chair of the board of SIL (association of Icelandic biotechnology companies) from 2012, and from 2016, worked as a scientific advisor to the biotechnology company, Enzymatica AB.
In 2019, Ágústa was one of ten entrepreneurs and investors to be recruited by the Minister of Industries and Innovation to participate in a think tank (is.
Jacques Dessange was born in 1925 in Souesmes, France as the son of René Dessange, a hairdresser, and his wife Aline, who opened a café next to the hairdresser.
Jacques first worked in the hairdressing salon of his father, and in 1947 went to work in Trouville-sur-Mer in the salon of Louis Gervais.
In 1954 he opened his first hairdressing salon, in Paris, and in 1956 married Corinne de Boissière, agent to Brigitte Bardot, who became his client.
In 1961, he became the official hairdresser of the Cannes Film Festival, which introduced him to international stars like Claudia Cardinale, Marlene Dietrich, Jane Fonda, Ava Gardner, Jean Seberg and Liz Taylor.
Ntombezinhle Jiyane is a South African Dj, Producer, Media personality and Business woman who is better known by her stage name Dj Zinhle.
Dj Zinhle is currently in a relationship with South african rapper AKA and they have a four year old child named Kairo Owethu Forbes.
Initially Dj Zinhle wanted to be a TV presenter and never had any aspirations of being a DeeJay until her brother's passion for mixing vinyl's rubbed off on her and her love and passion for being a Deejay grew.
She got her first break as a resident Dj on a youth show called Jika Majika that aired at 19:00 on SABC 1.
She also worked worked with South african music icon Boom Shaka on the album I Put It in which featured other notable artists like Dr Malinga, Khanyi Mbau, Mphoza and many more.
Her 2019 hit song Umlilo gained 5.1 million streams in just three months and reached Multi-platinum status in South africa and it was voted as 2019's Song of the year.
The Indus Basin has a long history of irrigation dating back to 4000 year old Indus valley civilization in Harrapa and Mohenjodaro settlements.
The history of modern Punjab Irrigation Department can be traced back to the establishment of 5 major canals in the region in early 20th century when the British built Lower Chenab Canal, Lower Jhelum Canal, Upper Jhelum Canal, Upper Chenab Canal and Lower Bari Doab Canal.
Each operational zone is headed by a chief engineer and each circle is headed by a superintending engineer and they are supported by an extended team of executive engineers, sub-divisional officers, sub-engineers, mates and baildars.
Punjab Irrigation Department delivers irrigation supplies to farmers through 51,990 outlets in its system of 24 main canals and distribution canals spanning 22,700 kilometers.
Daily canal discharges at all the canals in the entire system can be checked at the official website of the department.
Punjab Irrigation Department functions under Canal and Drainage Act 1873 which was introduced to regulate irrigation, navigation and drainage of provincial territories.
The purpose of this act is that the Provincial Government is entitled to use and control for public purposes, the water of all rivers and streams flowing in natural channels, and of all lake and other natural collections of still water in said territories.
Punjab Irrigation Department Completed the Punjab Irrigation completed the construction of New Khanki Barrage in August 2017 which replaced the old Khanki Headworks which irrigated 3.03 million acres of fertile land in 8 districts of central Punjab.
The 117 kilometer long canal will originate from River Jhelum at Rasul Barrage and, along with its branches, will irrigate 1,70,000 acres of arid land in Districts of Jhelum and Khushab.
The Department has also initiated works on Dadocha Dam which will supply 35 million gallons of drinking per day to the people of Rawalpindi.
In addition to this civil works on projects like Rehabilitation of Trimmu and Panjnad Barrages, rehabilitation of Trimmu-Sidhnai Canal, SMB Link Canal, Ahmadpur Branch and Eastern Sadiqia Canal are also underway and expected to be completed by 2022.
The 1977–78 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 78th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The Premier Division featured 19 clubs which competed in the division last season, no new clubs joined the Premier Division this season.
Marie-Lise Chanin (Marie-Lise, Paule, Andrée Lory; born on 26 September 1934 in Angers), is a French geophysicist, aeronomist, director of research emeritus at the CNRS, and author of works on the physics of the upper and middle atmosphere.
Marie-Lise Lory plans to study at the Beaux-Arts but is studying science ː bachelor's degree in mathematics, then studies physics (quantum optics).
On the advice of Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel she enters a laboratory being created at the École normale supérieure, the Aeronomy Department.
In 1959, she joined the CNRS as a research trainee, where she spent her entire professional career until her academic retirement in 2000, becoming research director in 1986.
She was elected a corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences on 26 March 1990, in the Sciences of the Universe section.
Throughout her career, she assumed many responsibilitiesː member of the High Council of Meteorology, member of the Environment Committee of the French Academy of sciences (since 2005), French representative to the ICSU (International Council of Scientific Unions), member of the Scientific Council of the Centre for Unconventional Hydrocarbons, President of the French National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics (1986-1990), among others.
She is also a member of the French Academy of Technologies, the Académie de l'Air et de l'Espace and the Academia Europaea.
She was made a Chevalier on September 26, 1996, and was promoted to Officier on December 31, 2005, Commandeur on March 29, 2013, before being raised to the dignity of Grand Officier on December 30, 2017.
Marie-Lise Chanin has devoted her research to the physics of the upper and middle atmosphere, which has led her to an interest in the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere and climate change.
She first studied the upper armosphere: her thesis (directed by Jacques Blamont) is devoted to the measurement of the temperature of the upper atmosphere.
She used the optical resonance of alkaline atoms emitted into the atmosphere by rockets and her measurements revealed the influence of solar activity and particle precipitation.
She then developed methods for probing the atmosphere by laser or lidar, which allow temperature measurements over a distance of 10 to 100 km.
Tobi rose to fame after finishing up as a finalist in the Big Brother Naija (season 3) reality TV show in 2018.
He earned his Bachelor's degree at the University of Lagos where he graduated with a Second Class Honours Upper Division in Banking and Finance.
Tobi used to be an investment banker having worked in the office of the Accountant General of the Federation and in the banking industry for four years.
Wesley Vale has a primary school, Andrews Creek Primary School, which stands on the site of the former Wesley Vale Primary School, established in 1899.
Megxit came to signify the break by the couple from the British royal family and formal royal protocol, and their plans for independence under their new brand, Sussex Royal.
The term also reflects a widely reported assumption that Meghan was the driver of their announcement and is considered by some to be pejorative.
In addition to Bradby's statements, other reasons raised included ongoing hostile treatment of the couple by some in the British tabloid press, and perceived issues of racism towards Meghan.
Since its use in media on 9 January, some sources have taken issue with the pejorative nature of the term, and regarded it as further evidence of the animosity the Duchess had faced.
The initial British reactions to the 8 January announcement was of surprise, and concern whether the decision was properly thought through; the story dominated the British news cycle.
NBC News reported on analysis implying that the impact to the British economy from the loss of the couple could be material.
Madame Tussauds immediately moved its waxwork figures of Harry and Meghan away from the display including the other members of the British royal family to a separate area.
The initial news was for the most part positively received in Canada, where the Duchess of Sussex had based herself with her son, Archie.
The Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, publicly welcomed the couple, and indicated that Canada would fund security protection for the couple while they were resident there.
Chris Waddell, a journalist, and professor at the Carleton University School of Journalism and Communication in Ottawa, stated that the couple would receive less scrutiny in local media in Canada than the UK and that it would be more costly for the British tabloids to follow them.
An opinion poll by Postmedia Network has suggested that 61 per cent of Canadians want Prince Harry to become Governor General of Canada.
In a poll released on 15 January by the Angus Reid Institute, 70 per cent of Canadians surveyed followed the developments of Megxit.
In the same poll, half of Canadians surveyed did not care if the couple choose to spend significant time in Canada, although 39 per cent of Canadians were in favour of it, while 11 per cent found it upsetting.
Support for the couple spending significant time in Canada was strongest in Atlantic Canada, and Ontario, and was weakest in Quebec.
However, 73 per cent of those surveyed by Angus Reid say that the security costs should be covered by the couple themselves.
An online petition from the Canadian Taxpayers Federation garnered more than 90,000 signatures by 23 January 2020, demanding that the couple pay out of their own pocket for their security.
In 2019, the couple stepped back from The Royal Foundation, which they had led jointly with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.
Jason Lee Trinder (born 3 March 1970) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The Crestone School, also known as the Crestone Community Building, at Cottonwood St. and Carbonate Ave. in Crestone, Colorado, was built in 1880 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
The front, original section, built in the 1880s is in plan; the rear section was built in 1901 and includes a room which became a kitchen.
A small/shed-roof woodshed at the north rear of the building and was built before 1935; it and two c. 1910 frame outhouses were deemed contributing buildings in the listing.
OrderStack was founded in 2019 as a solution to the problems restaurants face out of high commissions charged by the online food ordering platforms.
As the restaurant receives orders on its website, OrderStack processes it and communicates it back to the restaurant for pickup, delivery, or schedule dine-in.
The order details get stored in the dashboard (business) for the restaurant's use and to see who the repeated customers are.
The dashboard saves transaction details to help restaurants look back at the sales and see how good their Return of investment is.
Haj Ali Soua (), was born in Ksar Hellal in 1870 and died on an unknown date, is a Tunisian trader and philanthropist.
Born in Ksar Hellal in 1870 and by having lost his father in a young age, Haj Ali Soua has to face the difficulties of life by doing odd jobs in agriculture and textiles, before specializing in the cotton trade which allowed him to amass a small fortune.
The 20th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony, presented by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film (FAAAF) and honoring the best films of 2019, will take place on February 6, 2020.
A European, Middle East and African version, an Asian version, and a South Pacific version are also published in addition to the United States edition each week.
Brendan James Aspinall (born 22 July 1975) is a South African former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
A member of the Keglević family was a Commander-in-chief, Imperial Army General, Lieutenant of Ban of Croatia, and a Hungarian count.
Keglevich took part in the Great Turkish War, notably distinguishing himself during the Battle of Vienna in 1683 when he gathered an army and cared about them on his own expense.
At the 1687 parliament meeting in Požun, King of Hungary and Croatia Leopold I of Habsburg granted him the Count's title for military merit.
On 19 September 1698, Keglevich issued a land charter () to the people of Slabinja as a reward for their service in the Great Turkish War and a defence of the Croatian Military Frontier.
Keglevich participated in the drafting of certain articles for the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 and was a member of several parliamentary committees for boundary delimitation with the Ottoman Empire.
King Joseph I appointed him a governor () of the Požega County in 1707, and a Commander-in-Chief of Border Troops in 1708.
After retiring from his duties as the Deputy Ban in 1712 due to illness, Keglevich was a member of the border commission for the Croatian Military Frontier borders on the Sava River, towards Carniola and on the Una River.
In 1705 or 1707, Keglevich built the Saint Joseph's Chapel on a hill above the Franciscan monastery of Saint Catherine in Krapina.
In 1713, he funded the painting and gilding of the altar of the monastery church, and built a statue of Saint Mary in front of the church.
He was married to Countess Maria Johanna Orehóczy of Orehocz (; c. 1668–1738), a daughter of Count Stephen Orehóczy in c. 1962.
Trey Harrington (born November 26, 1970) is a former American soccer player who played for the Colorado Foxes in the A-League.
Born in Munich, Rehm studied musicology from 1948 to 1952 at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (subsidiary subjects: modern German literary history and medieval history) and graduated in 1952 with a work on the chanson work of the Franco-Flemish composer Gilles Binchois.
In 1981/82 Rehm moved to Salzburg and was a full-time member of the editorial board of the NMA from 1981 to 1994, for which the International Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg appointed him editor-in-chief as early as 1960.
He participated until 30 June 2007, the date of the official completion of the 132-volumes of the NMA, for which Rehm was jointly responsible.
From 1959 to 2002, Rehm was a member of the board of various specialist and artistically oriented societies and associations, at times also a member of the editorial board of the and the .
From 1975 to 1986, Rehm was responsible for the program of the Kasseler Musiktage, and from 1985 to 1997 of the Mozartwoche in Salzburg.
From 1965 he was a member of the Central Institute for Mozart Research (today: Academy for Mozart Research) at the International Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg, serving on the board of trustees from 1991 to 1999.
The hospital is located in the neighborhood of Nyamityobora, in Kakoba Division, approximately , by road, southeast of Mbarara's central business district.
The hospital aims to address the gap in healthcare delivery in the country and to serve that segment of Uganda's population that has been seeking the missing services from outside Uganda.
He made his professional debut for the Aizawl against Mohun Bagan on 30 November 2019, He was brought in as substitute in the 90+3 minute as Aizawl drew 0–0.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, in a rural area near Montreal.
The electoral district of Beauharnois thus included the County of Beauharnois (now part of the Beauharnois-Salaberry Regional County Municipality) and some adjacent areas.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
The 1976–77 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 77th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Alejandro Menéndez of Quess East Bengal FC and Fran González of Mohun Bagan AC were the first coach and player of December, respectively.
The men's 52 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 18 July at the St. Michel Arena.
The Central Siberia Nature Reserve, a protected area of the East Siberian taiga ecoregion, is located in the limits of Bakhta.
In 2001, he became the head coach of the men's team of HV BFC, which played in the highest league in the Netherlands.
After two years in Volendam, he came back to Limburg to coach the second team of the Limburg Lions and aid the first team of the Lions as assistant coach.
In 2012, he was able to win the Dutch Eerste Divisie, but could not be promoted to the Eredivisie because the first team already playing in that league.
In 2016, Canton started to coach the men's team of HC Tongeren, but was fired after a little more than a year.
Simon Onward Wood (born 24 September 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Wildan Nukhailawi and Kovan Abdulraheem qualified to compete in the men's javelin throw F41 event after winning the silver and bronze medal respectively in the men's javelin throw F41 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Hussein Khafaji also qualified to compete in javelin throwing after winning the bronze medal in the men's javelin throw F34 event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships.
Other athletes to represent Iraq at the 2020 Summer Paralympics are Garrah Tnaiash (men's shot put F40) and Ali Al-Rikabi (men's 400m T38).
From 1987 to 1989, he served as Deputy Commanding General for Training of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).
The 2019 novel coronavirus (provisionally named 2019-nCoV), informally known as the Wuhan coronavirus, is a contagious virus that causes respiratory infection and has been identified as the causative agent of the ongoing 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
Many early cases were linked to a large seafood and animal market, and the virus is thought to have a zoonotic origin.
Comparisons of the genetic sequences of this virus and other virus samples have shown similarities to SARS-CoV (79.5%) and bat coronaviruses (96%), which makes an ultimate origin in bats likely.
The virus subsequently spread to all provinces of China and to more than twenty other countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania.
Nearly all cases outside China have occurred in people who either traveled from Wuhan, or were in direct contact with someone who traveled from the area.
Overall mortality and morbidity rates due to infection from 2019-nCoV are unknown, both because the mortality rate may be changing over time in the current outbreak, and because the number of minor and asymptomatic cases not resulting in diagnosis remains unclear.
However, preliminary research results have estimated a mortality rate of 2–3% among those infected and the WHO has suggested that the mortality rate is approximately 3%.
Coronaviruses are primarily spread through close contact, in particular through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes within a range of about .
Animals sold for food are suspected to be the reservoir or the intermediary because many of the first identified infected individuals were workers at the Huanan Seafood Market.
A market selling live animals for food was also blamed in the SARS outbreak in 2003; such markets are considered to be incubators for novel pathogens.
However, some researchers have suggested that the Huanan Seafood Market may not be the original source of viral transmission to humans.
With a sufficient number of sequenced genomes, it is possible to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree of the mutation history of a family of viruses.
For comparison, this amount of variation among viruses is similar to the amount of mutation observed over ten years in the H3N2 human influenza virus strain.
Other coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
By 12 January, five genomes of 2019-nCoV had been isolated from Wuhan and reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) and other institutions; the number of genomes increased to 28 by 26 January.
The publications of the genome led to several protein modeling experiments on the receptor binding protein (RBD) of the nCoV spike (S) protein suggesting that the S protein retained sufficient affinity to the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to use it as a mechanism of cell entry.
On 22 January, a group in China working with the full virus and a group in the U.S. working with reverse genetics independently and experimentally demonstrated ACE2 as the receptor for 2019-nCoV.
To look for potential protease inhibitors, the viral 3C-like protease M(pro) from the ORF1a polyprotein was also modeled for drug docking experiments.
Innophore has produced two computational models based on SARS protease, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has produced an unpublished experimental structure of a recombinant 2019-nCoV protease.
No specific treatment verified by medical research standards (in the sense of systematic reviews of peer reviewed randomized controlled clinical trials) is available , so treatment is focused on alleviation of symptoms, which may include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath.
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention started testing existing pneumonia treatments for efficacy in treating coronavirus-related pneumonia in late January.
Offical investigations by the Chinese health authorities into the effectiveness of existing antivirals, including protease inhibitors like indinavir, saquinavir and lopinavir/ritonavir also started in late January.
Examination of the RNA polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, triazavirin, interferon beta, and previously identified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as possible treatments also started around the same period.
Projects studying the effectiveness of Hepatitis C treatment Sofosbuvir, a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, were also started in late January 2020.
The team of Yuen Kwok-yung at the University of Hong Kong, which previously participated in work on the SARS coronavirus during its 2003 outbreak, has also announced that a vaccine is under development there but has yet to proceed to animal testing.
Elsewhere, three vaccine projects are being supported by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), including projects by the biotechnology companies Moderna and Inovio Pharmaceuticals and another by the University of Queensland.
The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) is cooperating with Moderna to create an RNA vaccine matching a spike of the coronavirus surface, and is hoping to start production by May 2020.
In Australia, the University of Queensland is investigating the potential of a molecular clamp vaccine that would genetically modify viral proteins to make them mimic the coronavirus and stimulate an immune reaction.
Inovio, which develops DNA vaccinations that have not yet been approved for human use, has a candidate vaccine ready for preclinical testing and is collaborating with a Chinese firm in order to speed its acceptance by regulatory authorities in China.
In an independent project, the Public Health Agency of Canada has granted permission to the International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) at the University of Saskatchewan to begin work on a vaccine.
The Imperial College Faculty of Medicine in London has funding to develop a vaccine and take it to animal trials, a phase of research expects to complete by mid-February 2020.
William Wightman (c.1335 – 1404, 1405 or 1406) was a yeoman and English MP for the constituency of Huntingdon between 1361 and 1391.
Ian Brendan Robinson (born 25 August 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Isi & Ossi is an upcoming 2020 romantic comedy film, directed and written by Oliver Kienle, and starring Lisa Vicari, Christina Hecke and Pegah Ferydoni.
The story revolves around a billionaire’s daughter from Heidelberg, played by Lisa Vicari, and a struggling boxer from Mannheim, played by Dennis Mojen, who are each other's opposites, and initially starts dating to take advantage of each other.
The 1975–76 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 76th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Isak played in the NECS Cup for Bawngkawn LC, and was later moved up to Bengaluru FC, in 2018/19 season he was signed by Aizawl F.C.
Christopher William Young (born 11 August 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Dupré intended to follow her families traditions and was lucky that her uncles, a lawyer and a man of letters, were able to assist her.
Leigh William Holbrook (born 6 August 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The boys' single skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Lausanne Skating Arena on 10 January (short program) and 12 January 2020 (free skating).
The organisation was formerly known as the Future Cities Catapult and also the Transport Systems Catapult, both being joined on 1 April 2019.
A site at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow is at Innovo, next to the University of Strathclyde Technology and Innovation Centre, and west of the High Street railway station.
The London head office, which housed the Future Cities Catapult, is near the National Federation of Retail Newsagents and the Association of Optometrists.
Nuru Bayramov (; born 1963 in Narimanli, Armenian SSR) — is an surgeon, a professor and head of 1st department of surgical diseases in Azerbaijan Medical University.
He went to Narimanli village secondary school in 1970, and after graduating from high school in 1980, entered the 1st year of treatment and prevention faculty of Azerbaijan Medical University in the same year.
In 1991-1994 he worked as the associate professor assistant of the 1st Department of Surgical Diseases of the Azerbaijan Medical University.
During the Karabakh War, he was active in providing surgical treatment in Tartar military hospital and introduce innovative treatment methods for cold related injuries during the Khojaly Massacre.
Until 2000 he has done research and practice in the Advanced Specialty Hospital of Turkey, Organ Transplant Hospital of Başkent University and Department of Surgical Oncology of Ankara University.
Between the years of 1996-1998 has served as an Associate Professor in the Department of General Surgery of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University and Kırıkkale University.
Since 2001, he has been active in the organization of Central Clinical Hospital and Central Customs Hospital, personnel training, establishment of general, laparoscopic, hepatobiliary and transplant surgery.
In 2001 he served as Associate Professor in 1st Department of Surgical Diseases of Azerbaijan Medical University, in 2004 as a Full Professor and in 2012 he was elected Head of the Department.
He has been a member of the Student Scientific Community from the 3rd year of the university, the chairman of the Student Scientific Society of the Faculty of Treatment and Prevention between 1984-1986, and has repeatedly spoken at conferences of Student Scientific Societies in Azerbaijan and various countries of the USSR.
Given his excellent studentship and active involvement in research, he was awarded the Lenin Scholarship, the highest scholarship of the Institute in 1985.
Between 1991-1994 he continued research of the use of lasers and the water-soluble based ointments for treatment of gunshot and cold injuries in Azerbaijan Medical University.
His next research activity continued in 1994-2000 at the Advanced Specialty Hospital of Turkey, Başkent University, Ankara University and Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
In addition to being specialized in these education and research centers, he has performed clinical and experimental studies on transplantation, liver resection and laparoscopic surgery.
Liver resection in live donors, water-jet for liver resection, CUSA) and argon coagulation in the cirrhotic liver resection, effects of lasers and dalargin on liver regeneration, liver regeneration after resection, prevention of postresection complications, complication after laparoscopic surgery, classification of the gunshot injuries of the liver have been his main research topics of this period.
He conducted an experimental study on the use of waterjet in liver resection at the Van Yüzüncü Yıl University in 1997 and was able to specify some parameters of the water jet (diameter and pressure).
As a result of clinical and experimental studies on liver resection and transplantation he has published 2 monographs and 31 articles.
Back in 2000, Nuru Bayramov returned to Azerbaijan, where he previously worked as an associate professor at the Azerbaijan Medical University, and currently head of the Department of I Surgical Diseases.
The main areas of his research during this period are liver resection, liver and kidney transplantation, laparoscopic and metabolic surgery, stem cells and genetic studies.
Under his leadership doctoral thesis on topics of laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic fundoplication, laparoscopic bile duct exploration, laparoscopic hernia repair, simultaneuse laproscopic surgery were defended.
At present doctoral thesis on topics such as biliary complications, microRNA, histones and hepatic disfunctions after liver transplantation, iodine polymers in thyroid pathology, elastography in liver pathology, bariatric surgery in obesity are contuined.
In Azerbaijan he actively participated in defining and promoting pillar priorities of medical science (stem cells and regenerative medicine, genomics, molecular biology, high technologies and medicine, evidence-based medicine, translational medicine, etc.).
He has been organizing 5-6 international conferences every year since 2014, including Baku-Malatya Transplant Days, Turkey-Azerbaijan Hepatology Course, Regular Conferences on Bariatric Surgery, Endocrine Surgery, Colorectal Surgery.
Up to date (2019), he had participated in 193 congresses, a total of 345 scientific works was published: 25 books, 9 methodical recommendations, 125 articles, 186 congress abstracts and 10 inventions and effective proposals.
Nuru Bayramov has actively involved in the process of modernization and development of clinical, scientific medicine and medical education in Azerbaijan.
He has taken active part in the treatment of civilians who forced to leave their homes in the Khojaly Massacre in 1992 and had frostbite in their hands and feet and had successfully implemented a new method of treatment.
He has been active in the organization of general, laparoscopic and liver surgery at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University and Kırıkkale University.
He has been pioneering in the development and implementation of international clinical protocols, laying the foundations of laparoscopic, transplantation, liver and bariatric-metabolic surgery in Azerbaijan.
He has actively participated in establishment of laparoscopyc, transplantation centers and realization of the liver and kidney transplantation in prime hospitals in Azerbaijan such as, Central Clinic Hospital, M. Naghiyev Emergency and Medical Care Hospital, Central Customs Hospital and Azerbaijan Medical University Surgical Educational Hospital.
His initiate surgeons have an important role in the development and wide application of laparoscopic surgery in Azerbaijan and around the world.
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University the continued in Azerbaijan Medical University (1991-1994), Van Yüzüncü Yıl University (1996-1997), Kırıkkale University (1998) and Azerbaijan Medical University from 1999 until today.
Under his leadership, a modern educational program for students and residents has been developed for the first time in our country.
Including a curriculum for Surgical Diseases and Military Surgery, an online surgical textbook, and an online portal named bck.az, compiled electronic versions of teaching materials, including lectures, practical topics, operating techniques and test questions, started using multimedia tools, organized interactive morning lessons and concerts, developed surgical patient examination and treatment protocols, open to students and residents.
Since 2014 he is Chairman of the Coordination Council for Medicine in Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences and also Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Certifying Committee of Azerbaijan Republic since 2015.
Since 2016, he was Deputy Secretary of the Department of Biology and Medicine and a Member of the Bureau in Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
The pair skating competition of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Lausanne Skating Arena on 10 January (short program) and 12 January 2020 (free skating).
Francisco David Grande Serrano (born 8 February 19991) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Indian club Jamshedpur FC as a forward.
The band consists of Gary Moore on vocals, Michael 'John' McFarlane on guitar and synths, Lewis Bage on synths, and Ben Doherty on bass.
The band were formed by Moore, McFarlane and Doherty who had previously played together in The Mirror Trap and continue to be represented by Dave McLean of Riverman Bangkok.
The new band moved away from the indie rock sound of The Mirror Trap, embracing a queer, synth-pop aesthetic that was a clear departure when debuted at their first live performance in summer 2018 at Dundee's Conroy's Basement.
In addition to performing live, the band released a number of singles in their first year together, many of which arrived with accompanying videos.
Debut single St Elmo was followed by Vibrations, Chameleon and Automatic Love, the latter being reviewed as a 'bruising, belter of a song'.
In addition to these videos, Echo Machine collaborated with Thai singer Janine Alissa Wollmann on a cover of the billie eilish track Bad Guy, producing an accompanying music video.
The success of the band in 2019 prompted BBC radio presenter, Vic Galloway, to name the band as one of his 25 Scottish Artists to Watch in 2020.
The 1974–75 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 75th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The men's 56 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal took place on 19 July at the St. Michel Arena.
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia.
Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast.
Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture, and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
A number of remains examined at Motala, Sweden, and a separate group of remains from 5,000 year-old hunter-gatherers of the Pitted Ware culture (PCW), were identified as belonging to SHG.
An SHG individual from Motala was identified as being of 81% Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG) ancestry, and 19% Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) ancestry.
Of the four males surveyed, three carried the paternal haplogroup I2a1 or various subclades of it, while the other carried I2c.
SHGs living between 6000 BC and 3000 BC were found to largely genetically homogenous, with little admixture occurring among them during this period.
In three samples, the haplotype carrying the derived allele of rs3827760 in the EDAR gene, which is today common in East Asia, but largely absent in modern-day Europe outside Scandinavia.
WHGs were in turn a mix of EHGs and the Upper Paleolithic people (Cro-Magnon) of the Grotte du Bichon in Switzerland.
All samples from western and northern Scandinavia carried U5a1 haplotypes, while all the samples from eastern Scandinavia except from one carried U4a2 haplotypes.
The authors of the study suggested that SHGs were descended from a WHG population that had entered Scandinavia from the south, and an EHG population which had entered Scandinavia from the northeast along the coast.
The SHGs were found to have a genetic adaption to high latitude environments, including high frequencies of low pigmentation variants and genes designed for adaption to the cold and physical performance.
The study found that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of the eastern Baltic also carried high frequencies of the HERC2, SLC45A2 and SLC24A5 alleles.
The results further underpinned previous suggestion that SHGs were descended from northward migration of WHGs and a subsequent southward migration of EHGs.
Samples of Y-DNA extracted from these individuals belonged exclusively to R haplotypes (particularly subclades of R1b1 and R1a)) and I haplotypes (particlarly subclades of I2).
This is strikingly different from WHGs and EHGs, who are believed to have been blue eyed and dark skinned, and brown-eyed and light-skinned, respectively.
The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 31 teams, of which 15 teams were directly qualified trough last years tournament.
The Canada team of Dave Barr and Dan Halldorson won by four strokes over the England team of Howard Clark and Paul Way.
The Jamaica women's national field hockey team represents Jamaica in women's international field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Jamaica Hockey Federation, the governing body for field hockey in Jamaica.
Chorão got acquainted with the expression after reading a negative critic from a Portuguese newspaper after the band performed in Portugal in 2002 as part of their international tour, and decided it would be the name of their next album.
It sold over 500,000 copies, receiving a Gold certification by Pro-Música Brasil, and was also nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Best Portuguese Language Rock or Alternative Album in 2003.
The genus was described in 2010 by the German entomologists Wolfram Mey and Wolfgang Speidel based on material from South-East Asia.
The four species of the genus are distributed in the lowland forests of the Indomalayan realm, stretching from the Indian state of Assam to the Philippines.
The genus was named in honour of Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky, a renowned entomologist and specialist of caddisflies, on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
Ma Yongkang (; born 9 March 1977) is a former Chinese footballer who played as a defender, being capped once for the Chinese national football team.
Born in the Sahelian city of Ksar Hellal, he went to Tunis to pursue secondary studies at the prestigious Sadiki College, then in France from 1952 to 1964, which he passed through the benches of the Aix-Marseille University and the IFP School.
Charles William Hew 'Charlie' Machell (born 25 October 1994) is an English footballer currently playing as a Midfielder for Hougang United of the Singapore Premier League.
He then spent a brief spell in fellow North East club Darlington’s academy before making the decision to move to America to study and continue his football education.
In 2013, Machell moved to the United States, playing for Wingate University and appeared in all 17 matches during his first year at Wingate, starting 10 contests and registered five goals and two assists.
The following year saw him winning the 2014 South Atlantic Conference player of the year award and was part of an NSCAA third-team All-American selection.
He started all 20 matches as a sophomore, collecting 12 goals and four assist and led the SAC in goals and points.
Machell then spent one season with the East Tennessee State University after transferring from Wingate Bulldogs and helped propel ETSU to its first at-large appearance in the NCAA tournament in 2016, starting in 18 matches for ETSU and finished the 2016 season with three assists.
After completing his studies, Machell went for a few trials with US clubs and also went to a combine in New York that had a number of Danish agents and coaches in attendance.
Machell had went to the combine purely because he had wanted to potentially play in Scandinavia and caught the eye of onlooking scouts.
He was then approached by an agent and also the head coach of Thisted FC who invited him on a pre-season trial with the club.
Machell then signed his first professional contract after he penned a one-year contract with Thisted FC of the Danish 1st Division.
In total, he made 19 appearances in the Danish second tier for Thisted FC in his one and only season with them.
He helped the team to an unbeatable tally of 65 points from 25 games, sealing up the title for the provincial side.
Machell signed for Singaporean side Hougang United FC for the 2020 Singapore Premier League season, where the club will also be participating in the 2020 AFC Cup.
Of these, ten are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The Caldon Canal joins its Leek Branch in the parish, and the listed buildings associated with these are bridges, locks, an aqueduct, and mileposts.
Also in the parish is the Cheddleton Flint Mill, and its listed buildings consist of watermills, furnaces, sheds, and mill cottages.
The remainder of the listed buildings include churches and items in churchyards, road bridges, a railway station, a school and library, a former hospital and associated buildings, and a series of road mileposts.
Fightmilk was formed in London in 2015 by Lily Rae (guitar and lead vocals), Alex Wisgard (guitar), Adam Wainwright (bass), and Nick Kiddle (drums).
The 2008–09 Liga IV Bacău was the 41st season of Liga IV Bacău, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
Chi Rongliang (; born 9 January 1978) is a former Chinese footballer who played as a midfielder for the Chinese national football team.
Dong Wenyu (born 1978 - November 29, 2007) was a Chinese serial killer, rapist and necrophile, responsible for a string of robbery-murders across three provinces between March and May 2006.
Wenyu's parents divorced while he was in elementary school, with his mother remarrying in another country, leaving Dong in the care of his grandmother.
He became even less concerned about his son after the divorce, leading to the 11-year-old Wenyu running away from home while in the second grade.
A few months later, on September 10th, he was rearrested for theft in Hangzhou, received a sentence of 2 years and six months, which expired on March 9, 2002.
His modus operandi was to climb through a window at night, armed with a knife, and broke into residential buildings to carry out his criminal activities.
During his crime spree, six people were murdered (five of them women), two were injured (one seriously) and four women were raped.
The crimes were extremely cruel - if the owners were woken up by the noises, he would slit their throats with the knife, and, with some of the female victims, raped their still-fresh corpses.
On July 6, 2006, the Ministry of Public Security issued a Class A arrest warrant, initiating a nation-wide manhunt for Dong Wenyu.
He stole a mobile phone and climbed out of the window out on the dirt road, but the homeowner awoke and called him out.
The local police confirmed his identity by reviewing the items he carried with him - a wanted poster and a diary.
On April 26, 2007, the People's Procuratorate of Jinhua filed an indictment against Dong Wenyu for homicide, robbery, rape, theft and humiliation of a corpse.
On May 16th, the Jinhua Intermediate People's Court opened the first trial for the murder series, holding it in private because of privacy concerns.
On June 8th, the court found him guilty of all counts and sentenced him to death, depriving him of political rights for the rest of his life, handing him a fine of 5,000 yuan and confiscating all of his personal property.
During a subsequent psychiatric exam, according to Wenyu's own account, his childhood love of family violence and misfortune led to his strong antisocial behavior.
On July 18, 2007, the Zhejiang Provincial People's Higher Court agreed to send an appeal for the conviction to the Supreme People's Court, which promptly ruled that the death penalty is an appropriate sentence for Dong Wenyu.
He retired from the stage in 1835 and spent his later years in Palazzolo sull'Oglio, where he died at the age of 75.
The family moved to Palazzolo sull'Oglio near Brescia in 1775 when Massimo Bianchi was appointed the organist for the town's newly completed cathedral.
Odoardo Bianchi was a tenor active in Italian theatres from 1784 to 1791 and later at the Imperial Court in Saint Petersburg.
In 1803 he sang for the entire season at La Scala in Milan, where he became a favourite with the audience and returned there regularly from 1809 to 1814.
Outside of Italy, he appeared in Paris in 1801 in a series of concerts at the Temple de Mars on Rue du Bac and at the Salle Favart.
In 1807, Bianchi married Carolina Crespi, an eighteen-year-old soprano whom he met when they were both singing with the Théâtre-Italien in Paris.
During the course of his career, Bianchi sang a wide repertoire ranging from opera buffa to opera seria and appeared in numerous world premieres.
He began his career primarily singing in opera buffas, but from 1812 he came to prominence in the opera seria genre as well.
According to Rodolfo Celletti, Bianchi's voice was baritonal in quality with a beautiful timbre and employed with an excellent technique and eloquent phrasing.
By 1819, Bianchi had opened a singing school in Milan, although he continued to perform for another 15 years in the opera houses of Italy and occasionally in Austria and England.
Following the retirement of Antonio Secchi (1761–1833) as professor of singing at the Milan Conservatory in 1832, Bianchi was offered the post, but he turned it down.
He also wrote a collection of 12 pieces for singing students which was dedicated to Rossini and published posthumously in 1863.
One year later, Joseph Lyle, a managing partner at the law firm of Kaufman & Canoles, joined Waldo's practice, creating the law firm of Waldo & Lyle.
The firm has only represented property owners whose property has been taken or damaged by the exercise of the power of eminent domain, or by other government action in inverse condemnation actions.
The 11th General Junta is the current meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional election held on 26 May 2019.
At the election the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the largest party in the General Junta but fell short of a majority again.
The new parliament met for the first time on 24 June 2019 and Marcelino Marcos (PSOE) was elected as President of the General Junta with the support of Podemos and United Left.
On 29 July 2019, with the aim of avoiding a very big mixed group, a new proposal for creating groups with only two members was allowed.
Cesare Watry (1864–1943) was the stage name of Giovanni Girardi, an Italian practitioner of stage magic and a pioneer of cinema through his own original form of bioscope show.
Another well-known Italian stage magician, Wetryk, started his career working for the Eccentric Company but formed his own company, where he adopted his stage name to honor Watry, in 1914.
Route 80 begins at an interchange between Route 1 (TCH) and Route 81 (Markland Road, exit 28 on Route 1) at the northern edge of Whitbourne.
It heads north to pass through Blaketown and along the shores of Dildo Pond before following the coastline to pass through South Dildo and Dildo.
The highway turns more inland as it passes through New Harbour to an intersection with Route 73 (New Harbour Road) before passing through Hopeall and Green's Harbour.
Route 80 passes along the coast again as heads north through Whiteway, Cavendish, Heart's Delight-Islington, Heart's Desire, and Heart's Content, where it intersects Route 74 (Heart’s Content Highway).
The highway now winds its way through New Perilcan, Turks Cove, Winterton, Hant's Harbour, and New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove before arriving in Old Perlican at an intersection with Route 70 (Conception Bay Highway).
Route 80 turns north through town along Blow Me Down Road for a short distance before ending at an intersection with Marine Drive and Main Street.
At the 2018 Asian Para Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia he set a new world record of 10.88m in the shot put F40 event.
A Jewish deli, also known as a Jewish delicatessen, is an establishment that serves various traditional dishes in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, and are typically known for their sandwiches such as pastrami on rye, as well as their soups such as matzo ball soup, among other dishes.
Most of them are in the Ashkenazi style, due to the history of the Jewish diaspora which has sometimes been adapted to local taste preferences, as in the American Jewish cuisine.
Jewish delis serve a variety of Jewish dishes, and many are also kosher-certified, while some are kosher-style and do not mix meat and dairy in the same dish, while others serve food with no dietary restrictions such as the Reuben sandwich.
Jewish delis feature prominently in Jewish culture, as well as in general American popular culture, particularly in the cities of New York and Los Angeles.
The Japan Mixed Doubles Curling Championship is the national championship of mixed doubles curling (a curling discipline where teams consist of one man and one woman) in Japan.
The first three championships (2007, 2008, 2009) were held in December, since then they have been held in February or March.
Founded in 2004 by French Rabbi Michel Serfaty, it is known for its Jewish-Muslim Friendship Bus which travels across France to create meetings and connections with local partners, neighborhood associations, public authorities as well as local Jewish and Muslim communities.
In 2005, they debuted their Jewish-Muslim Friendship Bus which travels every year (first through the Île-de-France region, and then through the rest of the country) with Rabbi Serfaty and Imam Mohamed Azizi, a local hospital chaplain.
In 2012, Mohamed Azizi decided to stop touring but remains with the organization, while Serfaty is accompanied by young Muslim leaders.
Anita Notaro (14 September 1955 - 26 November 2014), was a TV producer, and director who worked for RTE for sixteen years.
She was responsible for directing The Eurovision Song Contest and the Irish General Election before she took redundancy to try out her writing career.
Notaro was married to Gerry McGuinness from 2004 and although they moved to their dream home in Brittas they mostly lived in Dublin where they returned when Notaro became unwell.
The film stars Kathie Kori as Jane, a woman who journeys into the jungles of South America in search of her missing father, accompanied by explorers who secretly plan to steal jewels that they believe are being guarded by a native tribe.
The plot revolves around Villages of Sindh, Focusing Real Issues of Age in Villages and express the villages life in comedy.
A kleptoprotein is a protein which is not encoded in the genome of the organism which uses it, but instead is obtained through diet from a prey organism.
Importantly, a kleptoprotein must maintain its function and be mostly or entirely undigested, drawing a distinction from proteins that are digested for nutrition, which become destroyed and non-functional in the process.
The Zairian Civil Guard () was a militarised police force in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo), created to support the regime of Mobutu Sese Seko.
Trained by instructors from West Germany and Egypt, it was responsible for border security, the fight against illegal traffic and terrorism, and the restoration of public order.
In 1987, the husband of a cousin of Mobutu's first wife, Kpama Baramoto Kata, then a section commander, was promoted to army general (général d'armée) and took charge of the Civil Guard.
In 1996, the Civil Guard, still commanded by Baramoto, officially consisted of 26,000 men, its budget being equivalent to four times of that of the Zairian Armed Forces (FAZ).
Deejay Crim started singing in school choir to church to karaoke in 2006 though turned professionally in 2016 with his first song Teacher featuring Mun G.
Deejay Crim started deejaying at 18years working with bars and clubs in Kampala, though professionally made it through in 2015 when was employed by Urban Tv.
On 1st January 2020, Deejay Crim survived a fatal accident as he was heading back at his home in Nalya and was rushed to Tal Medical & Rescue Hospital Nalya.
The ṣāḥib al-bāb (), also known as the wazīr al-ṣaghīr (), was one of the most senior offices of the Fatimid Caliphate in the 12th century.
The post is first attested in the early years of the 12th century, during the vizierate of al-Afdal Shahanshah, when Husam al-Mulk Aftakin is mentioned as holding it.
Marstrand was born on 13 May 1815 in Copenhagen, the son of mechanic Jacob Marstrand (1770-1829) and Petra O. Smith (1778-1847).
Back in Denmark in 1837, Marstrand started working as a clerk for the police master in Helsingør before, in 1839, taking over the family's bakery in Silkegade.
Under his management, it commenced a large-scale production of ryebread and hardtack and was in 1850 expanded with a steam mill.
When the mill in 1865 also was destroyed by fire, Marstrand started a small beer brewery which was operated under the name Troels Af.
The name of the brewery was after the acquisision of Aldersro Brewery in 1884 changed to A/S M.s Bryggerier but Marstrand had by then already left it long ago.
His first wife was Caroline Emilie Carlsen (7 May 1812 - 21 October 1859), a daughter of master joiner Peter Carlsen (1787 - c. 1817) and Kristine Marie Müller (1785-1871).
His second wife was Sofie Emilie Jansen Tiaden (5 Nay 1829 - 21 February 1902), a daughter of building painter Tobias Jansen Tiaden (c. 1787-1850) and Anna Johanne Brun (1798-1879).
Arue and Taiarapu were relegated from the previous season, and were replaced by promoted teams Taravao AC and Olympique de Mahina.
In Vučak at the foot of Mount Kasmaç, about southwest of Glogovac, the ruins along the hillsides occupy a commanding position.
Archaeological evidence supports a history of settlement from prehistory to the Middle Ages, but the two prominent forts remaining show characteristics of the Late Antiquity period.
Whilst playing for Cork's under-19 team, McCarthy captained Cork to a 1–0 UEFA Youth League win over HJK Helsinki - the first victory by an Irish club in the competition's history.
He scored a total of 143 runs in his six matches, at an average of 13.00 and a high score of 41 not out.
With his right-arm slow bowling, he took 9 wickets with best figures of 6 for 63, which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club on debut in 1891.
The lower two thirds of the upper portion of the formation consist of red siltstone intercalated with channel lag intraformational conglomerates, while the upper third consits of shaped lenses of conglomeratic sandstone with ventifacts.
These facies are indicatived of deposition under arid conditions, with less than 300mm of annual rainfall in the Central Pangean desert, with annual temperatures of 30 to 35 °C, but with ephemeral water presence including lakes.
The girls' individual ski mountaineering competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 10 January at the Villars Winter Park.
2020 Premier Badminton League (also known as Star Sports PBL for sponsorship reasons) is the fifth edition of Premier Badminton League.
He played in the EuroCup Basketball with the team Alliance au Maroc and played a key role in the team AS Menora with Jean Kahn, former president of the Israelite Central consistory of France and the Jewish Community of Strasbourg.
On the evening of October 17, 2003, as he was picking up his son Lior from synagogue, Serfaty was the victim of an antisemitic attack.
Stéphanie Mariage (born April 3, 1966) is a retired French para table tennis player who is a double Paralympic champion and a five time European champion in both singles and team events.
One of the three parallel ports was dedicated to interfacing with the host computer over the S-100 bus, while the other two were available for general use.
An Altair 8800 equipped with a 3P+S could use one of the parallel ports to accept input from a keyboard and another to output to a TV Typewriter, allowing the user to construct an all-in-one machine that did not need an external computer terminal to work.
This also left the serial port free, which could be used to drive a teletype machine as a computer printer, or a punch tape system for storage.
Processor Technology later combined the 3P+S with the VDM-1 graphics card in a compact S-100 machine of their own to produce the Sol-20, the first all-in-one mass-produced personal computer.
Crepereia Tryphaena was a young Roman woman, presumably about 20 years old, whose sarcophagus was found during the excavation works started in 1889 for the foundations of the Palace of Justice and for the construction of the Umberto I bridge over the Tiber in Rome.
During the excavation, several archaeological finds came to light, including a group of five sarcophagi buried between the middle of the 2nd and the 3rd centuries AD; of these, two still sealed were named after members from the same family: Crepereia Tryphaena and Crepereius Euhodus.
On the marble case of the sarcophagus dedicated to Crepereia Tryphaena was engraved a scene with a deep bas relief alluding to the girl's death.
The funeral equipment, present only in the Tryphaena sarcophagus, included many gold ornaments; moreover, placed next to her skeleton there was an ivory doll, initially believed to be made of oak wood, of fine workmanship and with hinged limbs.
To the Romans who on the morning of 12 January 1889 learned about this exceptional discovery near the Umberto I bridge, she resembled a river divinity.
When the sarcophagus, which was still sealed, was opened, the young woman, submerged in the water coming from the nearby Tiber river, appeared as a nymph.
The intact skeleton of the girl, which at the moment of her death was about 20 years old, was still adorned with several jewels and a crown of myrtle leaves blocked by a barrette made with small silver flowers.
At the time of her burial, Crepereia wore gold and pearl pendant earings and a gold necklace with pendants formed by small beryl crystals.
The technical skill of the craftsman who created it also stands out in the body with movable joints; legs and arms are connected to the trunk with small pins.
It is possible that the doll had been designed to wear clothes, since - unlike its trunk - its hands, feet and head have been carved with extremely high detail.
On one of its thumbs, the doll had a key ring inserted of the type used by the Romans for jewelry boxes.
Other toys found in the sarcophagus and part of the doll's kit were two silver mirrors and two tiny bone combs.
The above-mentioned gold ring of the key type, another with a bezel, two tiny pierced pearls part of earrings, a pearl and two glass paste beads, plus remains of golden spirals belonging possibly to a necklace were also part of the doll's kit.
A more precise dating for the death of the girl can be deduced by the style of the bas-relief carved on the short side of her sarcophagus, typical of the coloristic style of Roman sculpture in the years around 170.
The two sarcophagi with the outfit, together with the doll and its kit are now permanently displayed at the Centrale Montemartini museum (part of the Capitoline Museums) at the via Ostiense in Rome.
Frederick Louis Thompson (July 28, 1871 – May 9, 1944) was an American politician who served as treasurer of Fremont County as a Democrat.
When he was seven his mother died and his father died two years later causing him to be raised by his uncle W. L. Thompson.
On February 13, 1899 he won the Democratic nomination for Macon County school superintendent with 130 1/2 votes out of the 150 votes.
From 1911 to 1915 he served as treasuer of Fremont County and in 1914 he was the Democratic nominee for Wyoming Treasurer, but was defeated by Herman B.
On January 16, 1926 he was appointed as chief of police in Cheyenne, Wyoming by Mayor C. W. Riner and served until January 7, 1930.
He was elected to the state house and in 1941 he ran for mayor of Cheyenne, but came last in the primary.
This article shows all participating team squads at the 2020 Summer Olympics European qualification tournament, held in the Netherlands from 7 to 12 January 2020.
Minnehaha Trail is a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) paved, multi-use trail in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, that connects Minnehaha Regional Park and Fort Snelling State Park – two of the most popular recreation destinations in the Twin Cities metro area.
The trail received local recognition for its natural beauty, but it was criticized for its worn pavement and lack of signage.
Beginning at its southern end in Fort Snelling State Park near the Thomas C. Savage Visitor Center, the trail is a gentle climb of 272 feet (91 m) through a thick forest with occasional views of the Mississippi River gorge.
Once reaching Minnehaha Regional Park near an off-leash dog park, users may connect to park trails or the regional Grand Rounds trail system.
It is difficult for users to properly identify Minnehaha Trail due to the vast network of multi-use paths in the area, errors by digital mapping services, and lack of signage.
A separate bicycle trail that begins from its northernmost point near Coldwater Spring follows closely alongside Highway 55, allowing a user to travel under the highway near Tower Avenue and Bloomington Road or to reach the parking lots of the upper portion of Fort Snelling State Park and its historic structures.
A steep, unlabeled multi-use trail near the historic fort structure connects the upper and lower portions of Fort Snelling State Park, allowing for connection to multiple trails and routes.
From the upper portion of the park near a chapel, trail users can gain access to the Big Rivers Regional Trail.
Minnehaha Trail is included as a segment of the Mississippi River Trail, or MRT, which is a bicycle route loosely connecting 800 miles of pre-existing roads and trails into a signed course.
But for our money, the most beautiful stretch has to be the Minnehaha Trail, which runs from Minnehaha Park through Fort Snelling State Park….
The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 1988–1989 was presented to the House of Commons of Canada by finance minister Michael Wilson on 10 February 1988.
It was the fourth budget after the 1984 Canadian federal election and would be the last before the 1988 Canadian federal election.
The budget provides for a reduction of $300 million in non-statutory spending for 1989-90 to keep the deficit in line with the projections made in the June 1987 White Paper on tax reform.
Him and John Turner, leader of the Opposition, strongly criticized the increase in gasoline excise tax and the general fiscal policy of the Mulroney government.
Quebec's finance minister, Gérard D. Levesque declared he was disappointed that the federal government did not reduce its deficit faster and added that deficit reduction should have been the priority of a budget that was more a track record than a budget.
Lastly, the minister expressed his disappointment towards the lack of measures to help families or Quebec's economic development whereas Alberta, Northern Ontario and the Atlantic provinces benefited from significant measures.
In the context of Sitar the mention of Adarang deserves attention.Feroze Khan Adarang was one of the chief musicians in the royal court and is considered as the first musician who introduced sitar in the 18th century through the Delhi court.Nawab Dargha Quli Khan's description of his mehfils in Muraqqa-e- Dehli is taken as the earliest mention yet found of Sitar in Northern India.
As a young man, before reaching the age of majority in 1809, he performed in the Corinthian fashion as a sporting amateur.
In February 1811 Webster was granted arms by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, and later in the month attended a royal levee in which he was presented to the Prince Regent.
It was from the period in 1813 when Byron stayed there with the Websters that a correspondence between Lady Frances and Byron dates: it lasted until the end of his life.
In the Waterloo Campaign of 1815, Webster and his wife Frances attended the Duchess of Richmond's ball on the eve of the battle.
At the beginning of April 1821, Webster administered a public thrashing to Viscount Petersham, the future Charles Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington, in St James's Street, London.
There was a press report of the incident on 5 April, and a number of satirical prints appeared on the theme.
After public correspondence, with Thomas Foley, 3rd Baron Foley acting for Petersham, and Colonel Charles Palmer for Webster, the two fought a duel on 21 April in Coombe Wood on the southern edge of London.
Both survived an exchange of shots unharmed, and Webster, attempting to save his marriage (Lady Frances was pregnant at the time), moved to Boulogne with her.
Experiencing financial difficulties during the 1830s, Webster applied after the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 for compensation on his father's Jamaican estate interest, which by 1798 had been in the Fontabelle estate, and also for the Blackheath estate.
She was known as Frances Webster, and Lady Frances Webster with her courtesy title as an Earl's daughter (before her husband's knighthood).
East Worthing is a residential area of Worthing in West Sussex, England, situated immediately to the east of Worthing town centre.
It is bounded by the West Coastway railway line and Broadwater to the north, Brooklands Park to the east, Homefield Park and Worthing town centre to the west and the English Channel coast to the south.
In the 19th century the first few houses in existence were economically dependent on the 18th-century brickworks and two smock mills in the vicinity, both of which existed by 1831.
Gradually, the town expanded to the east, and in the 1860s a church was proposed to serve the area, which had become known as East Worthing.
Large detached villas were built along Farncombe Road and Selden Road and St George's Church was built in 1868 in anticipation of further development to the east.
Significant erosion of the coastline took place over the course of the 19th century, with at least 70 yards of land lost.
The earlier coast road to Lancing was -100 yards to the south of the present day coast road on Brighton Road.
East Worthing lies within the borough of Worthing and mostly lies within Selden ward, which has three councillors that represent the area on Worthing Borough Council.
Buildings of note include those along Farncombe Road, St George's Church (1868) by George Truefitt and the Church of St Charles Borromeo (1962) by Henry Bingham Towner.
The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his eighteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers.
Esther 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter records the events on the thirteenth and fourteenth of Adar and the institution of the Purim festival after the Jews overcome their enemies.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
The opening verse of this section explicitly describes the power reversal on the very day that the enemies of the Jews were to have vanquished them, but the opposite happened: 'the Jews would gain power over their foes' (9:1).
A parallel with is that Saul spared Agag, and therefore lost his kingship as well as his life, so this time Esther determined not to make the same mistake with Haman and his sons.
One important point is that they refrained from plundering (this is mentioned three times: , , ), which indicates an echo in Esther 9 of , resuming the parallel set up between Mordecai/Saul and Haman/Agag.
After Saul defeated the Agagites (Amalek), he kept the best sheep and cattle as spoils in disobedience to God's command, thus earned divine disapproval and God regretting the choice of Saul as king.
However, the narrative overall focuses more on the pacific results of the bloodletting, gaining the relief from hostile neighbors (9:1, 16) and the celebration thereafter as the day(s) of rejoicing after the triumphant self-defense ().
The Jews in the Persian empire celebrate on the fourteenth, except those in Susa who celebrate on the fifteenth (verse 18).
The Jews in Susa has a different date of celebration that those outside the city, because there was still fights in Susa until the fourteenth, so the celebration in that city was on the fifteenth.
According to Rabbi Mordechai Neugroschel, there is a code in the Book of Esther which lies in the names of Haman's 10 sons ().
Three of the Hebrew letters—a tav, a shin and a zayin—are written smaller than the rest, while a vav is written larger.
The outsized vav—which represents the number six—corresponds to the sixth millennium of the world since creation, which, according to Jewish tradition, is the period between 1240 and 2240 CE.
In his research, Neugroschel noticed that ten Nazi defendants in the Nuremberg Trials were executed by hanging on October 16, 1946, which was also that year's date of Hoshana Rabbah (21st of Tishrei; the final judgement day of Judaism).
This section, perhaps an addition to the coherent narrative of through , recapitulates the core reversals: relief from persecution, turning 'sorrow into gladness' and 'mourning into a holiday' ().
Mordecai and Esther as officeholders in the Persian empire harnessing 'the resources of the chancellery and the imperial postal system' dispatched a set of letters to Jews in 'all the provinces' (verse 20; cf.
Together they wrote these official letters enjoining Jews to celebrate Purim (verses 29, ), as well as a second letter (verse 29).
Esther's royal authority in establishing Purim is reaffirmed at the end of this section, where she is named as the one establishing the customs of the holiday ().
She became a primary school teacher but in 1986 she gave that up and moved to the United States to live in Boston.
She works as an editor and writer with a number of books, essays, articles and short stories published across the US, the UK and Ireland.
Greaney has worked on National Public Radio, Boston as well as having her work appear in The Boston Globe Magazine, The Feminist Wire, Forbes Women and Salon.com.
Jitka Dolejsi (born 14 May 1958) is a Czech former archer who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympic Games representing Czechoslovakia.
She competed at the in the women's individual event at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games and finished twentieth with a score of 2219 points.
Her blue clutch bag, used to carry her .357 Magnum pistol during her assignment at the Washington field office, was donated to the National Museum of American Diplomacy.
JoAnn Marie Tenorio (February 5, 1943 – March 3, 2019) was an American entomologist who also worked in publishing in Hawaii.
Tenorio worked at the Bishop Museum in Hawaii, where she was an acarologist in the Department of Entomology, and Journals Manager at Bishop Museum Press.
The 2020 Boys' EuroHockey Youth Championships will be the 11th edition of the Boys' EuroHockey Youth Championship, the biennial international boys' under-18 field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation.
The bottom two teams played in a new group with the teams they did not play against in the group stage.
The Comet HLLV was a massive super heavy-lift launch vehicle designed for the First Lunar Outpost program which was in the design phase from 1992-1993 under the Space Exploration Initiative.
The Comet would have been capable of injecting 254.4 tons into low earth orbit and 97.6 tons on a TLI making it one of the most capable vehicles ever designed.
The Saturn V derived design consisted of a standard Saturn V but with a new third stage, stretched first and second stages, and new F-1 side boosters.
It would use two 222.5 KN-thrust enignes and would have reduced the size and weight of the lunar injection stage and significantly reduced the size of the vehicle in general.
The baseline study used the chemical engines instead due to the fact that they would cost $2 billion less to develop.
This along with the military's Timberwind project revived the U'S nuclear propulsion program for the first time since NERVA's cancellation in the 70s.
NASA's Marshall Spaceflight Center looked into the Comet rocket or a possible configuration with four F-1A boosters added to the basic 2-stage NLS vehicle.
The main advantage would be that the vehicle could rely on technology currently flying rather than having to resurrect 20 year old tech and manufacturing equipment.
Stig Joar Haugen (born August 2, 1990 in Hamar, Norway), known professionally as Unge Ferrari, is a Norwegian rapper, singer, and songwriter.
Rocque was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec in 1880 and played ice hockey as a goaltender in his hometown before moving to the United States.
Before leading Mercy For Animals, Garcés founded Compassion in World Farming USA, where she served as executive director and partnered with Panera Bread, Chipotle, Perdue Farms, and other food companies to adopt higher animal welfare standards.
Her work took her around the globe, campaigning against bullfighting in Spain, protecting dolphins taken from Fiji to perform in Mexico, and fighting bear-bile farming in Asia.
In 2014, New York Times journalist Nicholas Kristof broke the story of her collaboration with North Carolina chicken farmer Craig Watts—a contractor for Perdue Farms—who opened his barns to Garcés to film the poor animal welfare conditions.
Shortly after, the story was covered by WIRED, VICE, the Washington Post, Business Insider, Salon, and others and was the subject of a documentary film by Fusion TV.
In 2016, Garcés collaborated with Mike Weaver, at the time a contract chicken farmer for Pilgrim’s Pride, for another exposé in the New York Times by Kristof revealing diseased and injured chickens.
While at Compassion in World Farming USA, Garcés also influenced Chipotle, Trader Joe’s, Panera Bread, and other food companies to improve animal welfare standards in their supply chains.
The organization has worked with numerous celebrities to expose animal cruelty and promote plant-based eating, including Joaquin Phoenix, Bob Barker, Candice Bergen, Daniella Monet, Sarah Jeffery, Felipe Neto, and Eugenio Derbez.
In the book, Garcés details her efforts to reduce animal suffering in the chicken industry by working with whistleblowing chicken farmers to expose inhumane conditions and with large meat and food companies to set higher animal welfare standards.
Jacobs, Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario, Big Chicken author and journalist Maryn McKenna, actress and author Joanna Lumley, and Dr. Bronner’s CEO David Bronner.
Dr Samuel Rabbeth (19 August 1858 - 20 October 1884) was a young doctor who died from diphtheria contracted from a child patient whom he tried to save.
He was educated at King's College School, London, and at King's College Hospital and was elected an associate at the College.
He was senior medical officer of the Royal Free Hospital when a four year old child, Leon Rex Jennings, was admitted suffering from diphtheria.
In order to save the child's life it was necessary to perform a tracheotomy, but the windpipe was found to be blocked.
Afterwards he found that he was suffering from diphtheria and died on 20th October surrounded by his relations, friends and colleagues.
He was buried in Barnes Cemetery together with his father and aunt; his career is described in detail on his headstone.
After defending the West of Scotland and later London, the regiment was heavily engaged in Operation Diver against V-1 flying bombs, and later was deployed to Antwerp to carry out anti-Diver duties there in the closing stages of the war.
By 1941, after two years of war Anti-Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage.
In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS).
The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns.
They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed.
The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.
By early 1942 the training regiments were turning out a regular stream of Mixed HAA batteries, which AA Command formed into regiments to take the place of the all-male units being sent to overseas theatres of war.
By the end of May 1942 the regiment had joined 57 AA Brigade in 12th AA Division, which was responsible for the air defence of the West of Scotland.
The regiment transferred within 12th AA Division to the command of 42 AA Bde in August, and became unbrigaded in September.
On 22 August 1942, 554 (M) HAA Bty left the regiment to form the basis of a new 170th (M) HAA Rgt forming in 42 AA Bde at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, in Scotland.
On 26 October, 579 (M) HAA Bty joined 155th HAA Rgt to bring it back to a strength of four batteries.
At the beginning of October 1942, AA Command was reorganised, the AA divisions being disbanded and replaced by larger AA Groups.
By early November, 155th (M) HAA Rgt came under the command of 48 AA Bde in 1 AA Group covering the London Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ).
A few sporadic attacks were made on London during 1943, by conventional bombers at night on 17 January, 3 March and 16 April, by daylight Fighter-bombers on 12 March, and by night again on 7 and 20 October.
By now the night fighter defences and the London IAZ were well organised and the attackers suffered heavy losses for relatively small results.
Five raids in the third week of February varying in strength from 100 to 140 aircraft were met by intense AA fire from the Thames Estuary in to the IAZ and fewer than half reached the city; 13 were shot down by AA Command, 15 by the Royal Air Force, and one 'kill' was shared.
A week after Operation Overlord began on D-Day (6 June), the Germans began launching V-1 flying bombs, codenamed 'Divers', against London.
Defences had been planned against this new form of attack (Operation Diver), but the missiles' small size, high speed and awkward height presented a severe problem for AA guns and the initial results were disappointing.
After a fortnight AA Command changed its tactics: the HAA gun belt was moved to the coast and interlaced with Light AA guns to hit the missiles out to sea, where the gun-laying radar worked best and where a 'downed' V-1 would cause no damage.
This new belt was divided into six brigade sectors under 2 AA Group, 57 AA Bde taking charge of one sector, with 155th (M) HAA Rgt under command from early August.
The whole process involved the movement of hundreds of guns and vehicles and thousands of servicemen and women, but a new 8-gun site could be established in 48 hours.
After moving the mobile 3.7-inch HAA guns to the coast, these were progressively replaced by the static Mark IIC model, which had power traverse that could more quickly track the fast-moving targets, accompanied by the most sophisticated Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictor (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer).
The guns were constantly in action, but success rates against the 'Divers' steadily improved, until over 50 per cent of incoming missiles were destroyed by gunfire or fighter aircraft.
This phase of Operation Diver ended in September after the V-1 launch sites in Northern France had been overrun by 21st Army Group.
Once 21st Army Group had captured Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
AA Command's experience had shown that the power-operated, remotely controlled Mk IIC 3.7-inch gun, with automatic fuze-setting, SCR 584 radar and Predictor No 10 were required to deal effectively with V-1s, but 21st Army Group's mobile HAA units did not have experience with this equipment.
In December the first overseas deployment of Mixed HAA units began, and 155th (M) HAA Rgt was one of those selected.
The war establishment of an HAA regiment on service overseas was three batteries, so 537 (M) HAA Bty left to become independent on 16 November (it disbanded on 10 December).
The regiment arrived at Antwerp in January 1945, taking over Mk IIC 3.7-inch guns on Pile platforms in bitter weather with inadequate hutting, and were immediately in action against the onslaught of V-1s.
The Antwerp 'X' defences under 80 AA Bde involved an outer line of Wireless Observer Units sited to in front of the guns to give 8 minutes' warning, then Local Warning (LW) stations positioned half way, equipped with radar to begin plotting individual missiles.
Finally there was an inner belt of Observation Posts (OPs), about in front of the guns to give visual confirmation that the tracked target was a missile.
The success rate of the X defences had been low at first, but after the arrival of Mk IIC guns and experienced crews from AA Command the results improved considerably, with best results in February and March 1945.
The number of missiles launched at Antwerp peaked at 623 a week in February, but dropped rapidly as 21st Army Group continued its advance, and in the last week of action the AA defences destroyed 97.5 per cent of those reaching the defence belt.
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic.
The player starts out as a human who turned into a Pokémon, which can be one of sixteen Pokémon (Bulbasaur, Squirtle, Charmander, Cyndaquil, Totodile, Chikorita, Treecko, Torchic, Mudkip, Pikachu, Eevee, Machop, Cubone, Psyduck, Meowth, and Skitty) and is determined by a personality quiz taken at the beginning of the game.
The game is mission-based with many jobs, which can be found on the bulletin board, requested by mail, or initiated through story events, and include rescuing Pokémon, delivering items, and escorting clients.
While going through the dungeon, the player gets hungry and has to eat food, either found in the dungeon or bought in advance.
However, supplementary allies (including the partner, after the credits) can be lost, at which point they will return to the base.
Route 81, also known as Markland Road, is a north–south highway on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, connecting the towns of Colinet and Whitbourne via Markland.
Route 81 begins along the banks of the Colinet River in Colinet at an intersection with Route 91 (Old Placentia Highway).
It heads north to leave Colinet and become a gravel road as it passes through hilly terrain for the next several kilometers.
Route 81 continues north to pass along the banks of Junction Pond to enter Whitbourne, where it passes through neighborhoods before making a sharp left onto Main Road in downtown.
It now passes by several businesses and passes through some more rural areas before coming to an end at an interchange between Route 1 (Trans Canada Highway, Exit 28), and Route 80 (Trinity Road).
The 2019–20 Tahiti Cup (also known as Coupe de Polynésie or Coupe Tahiti Nui) is the 81st edition of the national cup in Tahitian football.
A total of 25 teams compete in the tournaments: ten teams from Tahiti Ligue 1, seven teams from Tahiti Ligue 2, six teams from Mo'orea, one team from Marquesas Islands and one team from Raiatea.
After playing a single game during the year, Cornell mothballed its ice hockey program until it could produce an ice rink closer to its Ithaca, New York campus.
The 10th General Junta was the meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional election held on 24 May 2015.
At the election the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the largest party in the General Junta but fell short of a majority again.
The new parliament met for the first time on 26 June 2015 and after two rounds, Pedro Sanjurjo (PSOE) was re-elected as President of the General Junta.
The University Alliance in Talent Education Development (UAiTED) is the organizational body that includes 16 universities from Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong & Taiwan.
It sets goals to provide the higher learning institutions with a platform to share common interests in fostering talents as well as sharing their respective strengths, experiences and resources with the collective goal of facilitating the cross-regional, multicultural and interdisciplinary global talent development through the partnership known as the UAiTED.
The UAiTED alliance was initiated and supported by the Sayling Wen Cultural and Educational Foundation, with the leadership and coordinating efforts of the Chancellor of University System of Taiwan, Dr Ovid Tzeng.
With a shared vision to be the leading global alliance for the development of future-ready talents, the alliance, UAiTED, is committed to the preparation, promotion and development of future talents through strategic collaboration in industry internships, education and innovation and set-up of future directions in the movement and realisation of ideas for improvement.
It serves as the leading independent Asia-wide membership organisation seeking to provide a platform for international cooperation in practice, research, education and innovation.
Asher Achinstein (December 6, 1900 – September 20, 1998) was an American economist and a member of the Council of Economic Advisors during the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration.
In 1951, he accepted a position with the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress conducting economic research for the members of Congress; he remained in the position until 1970.
Rosemary Wynnis Madigan (5 December 1926 – 12 February 2019) was an Australian sculptor, stonecarver and woodcarver who focused on the human figure.
Born in Glenelg to the geologist Cecil Madigan, she decided on a career as a sculptor at the age of 12 and studied in schools in Adelaide and Sydney.
Madigan was in a working partnership with the constructivist sculptor Robert Klippel until the latter's death in 2001 and won the Wynne Prize for a carved sandstone torso in 1986.
She grew up in the Adelaide suburb of Blackwood and became interested in her father's small collection of Aboriginal artefacts as well as a preoccupation with the solid world and wanted to observe objects.
In 1938, she stopped going to school because of illness, and decided to become a sculptor at the age of 12, attending the Girls Central Art School in 1939.
Madigan went to night classes in drawing at the East Sydney Technical College (later the National Art School) and was taught by Liz Blaxland.
Madigan returned to Adelaide in 1944 and did a further three years of evening classes at the South Australian School of Art, while gaining employment at an department store.
Madigan went back to the East Sydney Technical College, to complete a diploma in Fine Art under Dadswell's tutelage the following year.
In 1950, Madigan was awarded the three-year New South Wales Travelling Scholarship by Bob Heffron, the Minister for Education, and becoming the third sculpture in history to receive the award.
Madigan travelled to London to study a diploma in carving at the John Cass College from 1952 to 1953 and acquaint herself with post-war British sculpture.
This included a year in Italy, using an automatic drill for the first time in 1952, and spending three weeks drawing the sculptures of the Indian Ellora Caves.
After returning to Adelaide in 1953, Madigan taught pottery, painting and sculpture at multiple schools and the School of Art from the 1950s to the 1960s.
She completed her first sculpture upon her departure to Australia in Torso in 1954 as part of her desire to understand and articulate the human body.
Madigan conceived and designed the St Mark for the Downer fountain at the St. Mark's College, North Adelaide in 1964 and then Yellow Christ and the limewood Eingana that coalesced Aboriginal Australian and European religious and spiritual iconographies four years later.
She moved back to Sydney in 1973, and began to teach sculpture at the East Sydney Technical College and at the Sculpture Centre.
During this time, Madigan developed an interest in assemblage and collage with a wooden machine before returning to wood carving and stone carving.
Madigan received grants from the Australia Council between 1976 to 1985, and won the Wynne Prize for a carved sandstone torso in 1986.
In 1992, Madigan and Klippel's joint work of a major survey was exhibited at Carrick Hill, South Australia, and produced a work for display at an exhibition held at the Art Gallery of New South Wales three years later.
She moved near to the rural town of Yass, New South Wales in 2001, and established a collage and drawing studio and a out of doors space for carving.
Madigan continued to work until she was 92 and made her last public appearance at the National Gallery of Australia late in 2018.
She was highly interested in the humanist tradition, had an independent mind, and supported the United Kingdom's thought of truth of material.
The Art Gallery of New South Wales hold a collection of Madigan's documents, personal papers, files on group and solo editions, press reviews and works.
He went to high school in Tehran and entered the United States on scholarships that were not provided by Iranian government.
He briefly attended Georgetown University, and then was graduated from University of California, Berkeley in physics, before entering PhD program of fluid physics at Yale.
During the early days of Iranian Revolution, he was reportedly headed the revolutionary students who took over Embassy of the Provisional Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Washington, D.C., United States.
The genesis of the team was a result of the efforts of four students from the Cambridge area: Addison Brooks, Eugene Brooks, John Crocker and Warren Foote.
Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.
Chiromyoides is a small plesiadapid primatomorph that is known for its unusually robust upper and lower incisors, deep dentary, and comparatively small cheek teeth.
Both the Chappo locality and the Ray's Bonebed locality of southwest Texas where the edentulous mandible was found are arguably middle Tiffanian (Ti3) in age.
A graduate of University of Massachusetts Amherst, she wrote her graduate thesis for SIT Graduate Institute on Cape Verde's deportation policies.
The first event had a total of five films screened which Neves has said was a positive start for the newly organized event.
At the time, CVIFF was unable to secure sponsorships from businesses or cultural organizations which would remain a problem for at least the next three years.
In 2014, it was reported that Hollywood filmmaker Mike Costa would be participating in that year's CVIFF as a panelist and jury member.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
He was attending the Lycée Sisowath in 1962 when his art teacher introduced him to French bandes dessinées and he was inspired to draw Khmer language comics.
Comics had a resurgence in the 1980s, with new books being published and surviving books reprinted, though many were pirated without attribution to the artists.
The male spikelet is 7.58 mm long with several flowers while the female spikelet is 6-7 mm long with a few flowers..
It is found it mainly found in the South West of Tasmania, such as the Southwest National Park and the Southwest Conservation Area, where it is abundant and widely distributed.
In buttongrass moorland it is found in the understory as a part of the sedge layer and is a dominant species on slopes .
The 2019–20 Copa Argentina (officially the Copa Argentina AXION energy 2019–20 for sponsorship reasons) is the eleventh edition of the Copa Argentina, and the ninth since the relaunch of the tournament in 2011.
Seventy-seven (77) teams took part in this competition: All twenty-four (24) teams from the Primera División; fourteen (14) teams of the Primera Nacional; six (6) from the Primera B, four (4) from the Primera C; three (3) from the Primera D and twenty-six (26) teams from Federal A.
The matches were drawn from the respective confronts: A vs. C; B vs. D. Some combinations were avoided for security reasons.
The Round of 64 had 13 qualified teams from the Regional Round (13 teams from Torneo Federal A), 13 qualified teams from the Metropolitan Zone (6 teams from Primera B Metropolitana; 4 teams from Primera C and 3 teams from Primera D), 14 teams from Primera B Nacional and 24 teams from Primera División.
The Taming of the West, which had the working title of Sundown in Helldorado, is a 1939 American western film directed by Norman Deming, starring Wild Bill Elliott, and Iris Meredith.
First produced and patented in Italy in 1935 by Antonio Ferretti and sold under the name Lanital, Milk fiber was created under a national self sufficiency drive and was intended to capitalize on previous successes with Rayon.
It includes Representatives and Senators who have served at least less than two years in the House or six years in the Senate.
Above the bend it flows north-south parallel to Sunshine Valley Road and Elm Street, while below the bend it forms a natural border between Montara and Moss Beach.
Bertrandt Joseph Tobin (11 November 1910 – 19 October 1969) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia from 1930 to 1935.
A hard-hitting batsman in the middle or lower order and a fast-medium opening bowler, Tobin stood six feet two inches tall.
He took his best first-class figures of 4 for 31 against Victoria in the Sheffield Shield in November 1932, when he and Tim Wall dismissed Victoria for 92 and South Australia won by three wickets.
Peter S. Dokuchitz (March 9, 1928 – July 20, 2014) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 113th district from 1973 to 1978.
At the age of five, Frank had an operation to repair a hole in his heart and has since been an ambassador for Yorkshire-based national charity Heart Research UK.
Frank took up boxing at the age of twelve, compiling an amateur record of 23–22, training at the Sheffield Boxing Centre in Hillsborough under the tutelage of head trainer Glyn Rhodes.
Frank made his professional debut on 30 July 2016, scoring a four-round points decision victory over Sergey Tasimov at the Magna Centre in Rotherham.
After compiling a record of 6–0, he challenged Craig Derbyshire for the Central Area super-flyweight title on 27 April 2018 at the iceSheffield in Yorkshire, winning by points decision over ten rounds.
Following two more wins, one by stoppage, he was scheduled to face Ross Murray on 15 March 2019 for the vacant Commonwealth super-flyweight title at the Ponds Forge Arena, Sheffield.
Frank dropped his opponent four times before the stoppage; a little over a minute into the first-round, Wilton was down from a straight right hand.
After beating the referee's count of ten Frank unloaded a barrage of punches culminating in a right hook to send Wilton to the canvas for a second time.
10 seconds into the round, while backed up against the ropes, Wilton was caught with a left hook to the body to send him down for the third time.
Wilton raised to his feet to beat the count yet again, but came under immediate fire from Frank, who was switching his attacks from head to body, eventually finding his target with a right hook to the midsection to send Wilton down for the fourth and final time.
Following a seventh-round TKO win over John Chuwa in July, he returned to the Ponds Forge Arena on 20 September 2019, facing Aran Dipaen for the vacant WBC International Silver super-flyweight title.
In a hard-fought, even contest, two judges' scored the bout 116–113 and 115–113 in favour of Frank, while the third scored it 115–113 to Dipaen.
She earned her PhD at North Carolina State University in 2004 advised by Keith E. Gubbins, and subsequently worked as a Postdoctoral researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Colina was a faculty member Simón Bolívar University, joined Pennsylvania State University in 2007, and moved to University of Florida in 2015.
Colina acted as the chair of the Computational Molecular Science & Engineering Forum (CoMSEF) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) in 2014-2016, after having been a CoMSEF liaison director in 2009-2011.
Its has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, and is also considered by them as a good plant to attract pollinators.
44 Union Square, also known as 100 East 17th Street and the Tammany Hall Building, is a three-story building at 44 Union Square East in Union Square, Manhattan, in New York City.
The neo-Georgian structure was erected in 1928–1929 and designed by architects Thompson, Holmes & Converse and Charles B. Meyers for the Tammany Society political organization, also known as Tammany Hall.
At the time of the building's commission, the Tammany Society was at its maximum political popularity with members such as U.S. senator Robert F. Wagner, governor Al Smith, and mayor Jimmy Walker.
However, after Tammany Hall lost its influence in the 1930s, the building was sold to an affiliate of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union in 1943.
By the 1980s, it was used by the Union Square Theatre, while the New York Film Academy took space in 1994.
By the first decade of the 20th century, Union Square in Manhattan had grown into a major transportation hub with several elevated and surface railroad lines running nearby, and the New York City Subway's 14th Street–Union Square station having opened four years prior.
The office structures included the Everett Building, erected at the northwest corner of Park Avenue South and 17th Street in 1908; the Germania Life Insurance Company Building, erected at the northeast corner of the same intersection in 1910-1911; and the Consolidated Gas (later Con Edison) Building, constructed three blocks south at 14th Street between 1910 and 1914.
By the 1920s, the remaining buildings in Union Square were occupied by theaters, while most buildings on the eastern part of the square were owned by department stores S. Klein and Ohrbach's.
The previous headquarters of Tammany Hall, a prominent Democratic Party political organization in New York City, had been located on 14th Street next to the Consolidated Gas Building.
The organization—named after Tamanend, the chief of the Lenape that originally occupied New York City—extensively used Native American titles and terminology, for instance referring to their headquarters as a wigwam.
As originally proposed, the Tammany Hall Building was an American colonial style building, measuring on 17th Street by on Union Square East, with storefronts on the ground floor and a 1,200-seat auditorium.
At the time of the announcement, the society's members included state senators Robert F. Wagner and Al Smith: the former would become U.S. senator for New York, while the latter would become the state's governor and 1932 presidential candidate.
In January 1928, a month after the purchase of the site, Charles B. Meyers was selected along with Thompson, Holmes & Converse as the building's architects.
Construction progressed quickly, without any cornerstone-laying ceremony to mark the start of work, and by December much of the structure was substantially complete.
The New York County Democratic Committee, a club for Democratic officials representing New York County (Manhattan), started using the new structure on January 2, 1929, and the ceremonial cornerstone was laid the next week, marking the completion of the facade.
Although Roosevelt was also a Democrat, he did did not regard the organization highly, opening several corruption investigations into the organization.
Roosevelt's election to U.S. president in 1933, as well as the election of Republican mayoral candidate Fiorello H. La Guardia the same year, contributed to the downfall of the Tammany Society.
Local 91, a local affiliate of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU), was simultaneously looking for a new headquarters and offered to purchase the structure in April 1943.
Tammany's leaders moved to the National Democratic Club on Madison Avenue at East 33rd Street, and the Society's collection of memorabilia went into a warehouse in the Bronx.
The ILGWU enlarged the stage and furnished the offices, officially rededicating the building on December 18, 1943, at an event with several leaders including mayors La Guardia and Jimmy Walker.
For instance, in the 1950s the auditorium was used for meetings of firefighters; gardeners, municipal laborers, and sewage workers; and sanitation workers.
The United Federation of Teachers held meetings at the Roosevelt Auditorium in 1960 to resolve a citywide teachers' strike, and again in October 1968 to approve the Ocean Hill/Brownsville teachers' strike.
Additionally, several unions in the private sector often met at the Roosevelt Auditorium, such as those of newspaper delivery people; drivers of taxicabs in fleets; hospital workers; and Teamsters unions.
In 1969, the auditorium was also the location of a high-profile disagreement between two Central Labor Council leaders, who endorsed opposing candidates in the 1969 New York City mayoral election.
After Feist mentioned that the lease theater's premises at 23rd Street was about to expire, Local 91 leased 44 Union Square to Roundabout in June 1984.
As part of the $850,000 renovation, the theater was split in half from west to east, reducing its capacity to 499 seats.
Though the renovated theater was originally slated to open in late 1984, the conversion of the space was delayed by several months.
44 Union Square was then leased in June 1994 by Alan Schuster and Mitchell Maxwell, who also operated the Minetta Lane Theatre in Greenwich Village.
In preparation for converting the space for use by the Union Square Theatre, Schuster and Maxwell renovated the interior, painting the dome a sky-blue hue, and replacing the seats' upholstery with burgundy materials.
The building started housing the New York Film Academy in July 1994, and the Union Square Theatre held its first performance in the space that November.
The air rights above the building were sold to another Reading Company subsidiary in 2005, giving the company the right to theoretically erect another structure above 44 Union Square.
Though preservationists had been advocating for the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) to designate 44 Union Square an official city landmark since the 1980s, the ILGWU had been indifferent toward landmark status.
The LPC designated it as a city landmark in October 2013, following public meetings in which 17 people expressed support and no one opposed the designation.
As part of the renovation, a glass dome was to be added to the building, though these plans were denied by the LPC in 2014.
The Tammany Hall Building, a -story neo-Georgian building, measures on its western facade along Union Square East, and on its northern facade along 17th Street.
The particular neo-Georgian features in the Tammany Hall Building include Flemish bond brickwork; rectangular windows with stone keystones, set in arched openings; and wrought-iron balconies.
The bracketed gable, on the pediment above the portico, is not of neo-Georgian design but was likely inspired by a niche on the facade of the 14th Street building.
The exterior design features are evocative of government buildings in the American colonial and Federal styles that were built in the later 19th century, when the society was founded.
These features include a first level above a raised basement; a portico on Union Square East, with a pediment supported by columns in the Doric order; a hip roof; and a frieze running along the top of the structure.
According to a commemorative publication from the Tammany Society, these features were inspired by the design of Federal Hall in Lower Manhattan, as well as by Somerset House in London.
The Tammany Hall Building was one of several structures built in New York City in the early 20th century, whose designs were inspired by government buildings.
Other such structures included The Town Hall in Times Square, the Museum of the City of New York in the Upper East Side, and the Staten Island Museum in St. George, Staten Island.
On Union Square East, within the center of the first floor, was the entrance to the commercial space on the first floor.
In the round-arched gable of the pediment, above the portico, there is a panel depicting arrows intertwined with an olive branch, which flank Tammany Hall's circular logo.
On 17th Street, there is a set of triple arches in the center of the first floor, which originally provided egress from the building's auditorium.
The main entrance to the theater and elevator lobby was located to the right (west) side of the arches, and a similar arch grouping was located to the left (east).
The Tammany Society had exclusive use of the third floor, which included a central lounge, a club room, office and meeting rooms, and various waiting rooms.
Shimkus was born on November 7, 1986 and raised in Long Valley, New Jersey, the daughter of Zulma (née Aponte) and Edward Shimkus.
The Airline provides scenic and charter services in the Queenstown and Mount Cook regions, using their fleet of four Cessna Caravans and one Cessna 185.
In December 2016 Air Milford announced it would begin its first scheduled service between Te Anau and Queenstown in early 2017 to test the appetite for a regular commuter service.
Herbivores do increase bio-diversity by consuming dominant plant species, but they can also prefer eating subordinate species according to plants’ palatability and quality.
In addition to the preference of herbivores, herbivores' effects on plant diversity are also influenced by other factors, defense trade-off theory, the predator-prey interaction, and inner traits of the environment and herbivores.
Even in the absence of defensive trade-offs, herbivores may still be able to increase plant diversity, such as herbivores prefer subordinate species rather than dominant species.
The existence of herbivores can increase plant diversity by reducing the abundance of dominant species, redundant resources then can be used by subordinate species.
Body size of herbivores is a key reason underlying the interaction between herbivores and plant diversity, and the body size explains many of the phenomena connected to herbivore-plant interaction.
Intermediate-sized herbivores mostly increase plant diversity by consuming or influencing the dominant plant species, such as herbivore birds, that can directly use dominant plant species.
The impeachment of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, occurred on December 18, 2019, when the House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
Trump's impeachment came after a formal House inquiry found that he had solicited foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election to help his re-election bid, and then obstructed the inquiry itself by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.
The inquiry reported that Trump withheld military aid and an invitation to the White House to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky in order to influence Ukraine to announce an investigation of Trump's political opponent, Joe Biden, and to promote a discredited conspiracy theory that Ukraine, not Russia, was behind interference in the 2016 presidential election.
The president is accused of withholding military aid to pressure Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky to start a corruption investigation into Biden, and his son Hunter.
The inquiry stage of Trump's impeachment lasted from September to November 2019, in the wake of an August 2019 whistleblower complaint alleging Trump's abuse of power.
In November, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly; on December 3, the committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report.
A set of impeachment hearings before the House Judiciary Committee began on December 4; on December 13, it voted 23–17 along party lines to recommend two articles of impeachment, for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
Two days later, the full House approved both articles in a near-party-line vote, with all Republicans opposing along with three Democrats.
Donald Trump is the third U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, after Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1999.
The House Judiciary Committee also voted to adopt three articles of impeachment against Richard Nixon, but he resigned prior to the full House vote.
Following the 2018 elections, the Democrats gained a majority in the House and launched multiple investigations into Trump's actions and finances.
In May 2019, however, she indicated that Trump's continued actions, which she characterized as obstruction of justice and refusal to honor congressional subpoenas, might make an impeachment inquiry necessary.
Investigations into various scandals in the Trump administration, which might lead to articles of impeachment, were initiated by various house congressional committees, led by Nancy Pelosi, and began in February 2019.
The Trump–Ukraine scandal revolves around alleged efforts by U.S. president Donald Trump to illegally coerce Ukraine and other foreign countries into providing damaging narratives about 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidate Joe Biden as well as information relating to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
Trump allegedly enlisted surrogates within and outside his official administration, including his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr, to pressure Ukraine and other foreign governments to cooperate in investigating conspiracy theories concerning American politics.
A number of contacts were established between the White House and the government of Ukraine, culminating in a phone call between Trump and Zelensky on July 25, 2019.
Less than two hours later, on behalf of the president, senior executive budget official Michael Duffey discreetly instructed the Pentagon to continue withholding military aid to Ukraine.
A non-verbatim transcript of the Trump–Zelensky call confirmed that Trump requested investigations into Joe Biden and his son Hunter, as well as a discredited conspiracy theory involving a Democratic National Committee server, while repeatedly urging Zelensky to work with Giuliani and Barr on these matters.
The Trump administration's top diplomat to Ukraine, Bill Taylor, testified that he was told U.S. military aid to Ukraine and a Trump–Zelensky White House meeting were conditioned on Zelensky publicly announcing investigations into the Bidens and alleged Ukrainian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections.
On the evening of September 24, 2019, Pelosi announced that six committees of the House of Representatives would begin a formal impeachment inquiry into President Trump.
The six committees charged with the task were those on Financial Services, the Judiciary, Intelligence, Foreign Affairs, Oversight and Reform, and Ways and Means.
In October 2019, three congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses including Ambassador Taylor, Laura Cooper (the deputy assistant secretary of defense for Russian, Ukrainian and Eurasian affairs), and former White House official Fiona Hill.
Witnesses testified that they believed that President Trump wanted Zelensky to publicly announce investigations into the Bidens and Burisma (a Ukrainian natural gas company on whose board Hunter Biden had served) and 2016 election interference.
On October 8, in a letter from White House counsel Pat Cipollone to House speaker Pelosi, the White House officially responded that it would not cooperate with the investigation due to concerns including that there had not yet been a vote of the full House and that interviews of witnesses were being conducted behind closed doors.
This resolution, formally authorizing the impeachment inquiry, was approved by the House on October 31, 2019, by a vote of 232 to 196.
Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, the National Security Council's head of European affairs, and Jennifer Williams, Vice President Mike Pence's chief European security adviser, testified together on the morning of November 19, 2019.
Later the same day, Kurt Volker, the former U.S. special representative for Ukraine, and Tim Morrison, the former national security presidential adviser on Europe and Russia, gave public testimony before the House Intelligence Committee.
Later the same day, Cooper and David Hale, who serves as the under secretary of state for political affairs, testified jointly before the committee.
On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report and also send it to the House Judiciary Committee.
The report's preface states:[T]he impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection.
In furtherance of this scheme, President Trump conditioned official acts on a public announcement by the new Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, of politically-motivated investigations, including one into President Trump's domestic political opponent.
In pressuring President Zelensky to carry out his demand, President Trump withheld a White House meeting desperately sought by the Ukrainian President, and critical U.S. military assistance to fight Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine.
The Republicans of the House committees had released a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence does not support accusations.
During the inquiry, the Trump administration's public arguments were limited to assertions the president had done nothing wrong and the process was unfair.
The witnesses invited by Democrats were law professors Noah Feldman from Harvard, Pamela S. Karlan from Stanford, and Michael Gerhardt from the University of North Carolina.
Republicans invited Jonathan Turley, a constitutional scholar at George Washington University; Turley, who had testified in favor of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1999, testified against impeaching Trump, citing a lack of evidence.
On December 10, 2019, Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee announced that they would levy two articles of impeachment, designated H. Res.
The committee planned to vote on the articles on December 12, but postponed it to the next day after the 14-hour partisan debate on the final versions of the articles lasted until after 11:00 p.m. EST.
On December 13, the Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass both articles of impeachment; both articles passed 23–17, with all Democrats present voting in support and all Republicans voting in opposition.
The articles were forwarded to the full House for debate and a vote on whether to impeach the president on December 18.
The first of three votes was on the rules governing debate: 228 to 197, with all Republicans and two Democrats voting no.
One of the highlights of this contentious event was Barry Loudermilk (R-Georgia) comparing the impeachment inquiry of President Trump to the trial of Jesus Christ, saying that the Christian savior was treated far better by the authorities.
Three soon-to-be-retiring representatives did not vote: Duncan D. Hunter (R-California), who was banned from voting under the House's rules after pleading guilty to illegally using campaign funds; José E. Serrano (D-New York), who had a health setback after being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease earlier in the year; and John Shimkus (R-Illinois), who was visiting his son in Tanzania.
Trump has questioned the validity of the impeachment, citing Harvard law professor Noah Feldman, who argues that the impeachment has technically not taken place until the articles are handed to the Senate.
Trump tweeted or retweeted over 20 messages criticizing Pelosi's handling of the impeachment during the first week of his holiday vacation to Mar-a-Lago.
Prior to the House impeachment vote, both McConnell and Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Lindsey Graham expressed their intentions not to be impartial jurors, contrary to the oath they must take.
On December 15 and with the support of all 47 Senate Democrats, Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer wrote a letter to McConnell calling for Mick Mulvaney, Robert Blair, John Bolton, and Michael Duffey to testify, and suggested that pre-trial proceedings take place on January 6, 2020.
Republicans have suggested calling Joe and Hunter Biden to testify; the former stated his objection to this but said he would obey a subpoena.
On January 7, 2020, McConnell announced that he had the caucus backing to pass a blueprint for the trial, which discusses witnesses and evidence after the opening arguments.
Pelosi called for the resolution to be published before she could proceed with the next steps, but McConnell asserted that the House had no leverage and that there would be no negotiating over the trial.
On January 15, the House voted on Resolution 798, which appointed the impeachment managers and approved the articles of impeachment to be sent to the Senate.
With the exception of the managers, who will conduct the trial, the House's involvement in the impeachment process came to an end.
On October 8, 2019, he led a meeting on the subject, advising his caucus to say that they opposed the House process and as little else as possible.
On December 12, as the articles were being considered by the House Judiciary Committee, McConnell met with White House counsel Pat Cipollone and Director of Legislative Affairs Eric Ueland.
McConnell added that the coordination with the White House would also pertain to whether witnesses would be allowed to testify, and told Fox News's Sean Hannity that there was no chance that Trump would be convicted, expressing his hope that all Senate Republicans would acquit the president of both charges.
The House managers, acting as prosecutors for the case, are lead manager Adam Schiff (D-CA), Jerry Nadler (D-NY), Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY), Val Demings (D-FL), Jason Crow (D-CO), and Sylvia Garcia (D-TX).
At the end of the January 21 session, the Senate voted along party lines to pass McConnell's proposed trial rules and reject 11 amendments proposed by Democrats.
McConnell has stated that he wants to follow the rules laid down in 1999, which had the morning reserved for Senate business and the afternoon hours reserved for the trial, but his resolution increased the hours spent per day on opening arguments from 6 to 8 hours.
The primary arguments were a lack of direct evidence of wrongdoing, and that Democrats were attempting to use the impeachment to steal the 2020 election.
The possible penalties for conviction are the removal from office and disqualification from holding office in the future, but the Senate would likely conduct separate votes for these.
This means that Trump could be removed from office and still be able to continue running for re-election in the 2020 presidential race, or that he could remain in office, but be barred from re-election.
As of mid-January 2020, Americans remained sharply divided on whether Trump should be removed from office, with Democrats largely supporting removal, Republicans largely opposing, and independents divided.
A CNN poll conducted on December 12–15 also found 45% supported impeachment and removal, compared to 47% who opposed the idea.
A Gallup poll released on the day of Trump's impeachment found that Trump's approval rating increased by 6 points during the impeachment process, while support for the impeachment fell.
Another CNN poll conducted on January 16–19, 2020, the first major one after the impeachment trial began, found that 51% supported Trump's removal from office, compared to 45% who opposed the idea.
Tarlac Montessori School (commonly referred to as TMS or Monté) is a Catholic school established in Tarlac City, Philippines in 1987, and it is named after the physician and educator Maria Montessori.
The Tarlac Montessori school had its first location at Masagana Building, F. Tañedo Street, and in 1991 the school moved to an expanded building in San Sebastian, Tarlac city to accommodate its growing student population.
The film premiered at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in 2017 and was given a release in the U.S. in 2019.
During the French coup d'état of 1851, all the adult men of a small rural village are rounded up, leaving the women behind to fend for themselves.
After months pass with no word from the men, the women believe they are dead and become concerned that no men at all have passed by.
The younger women make a pact that if a man should come through, they will share him equally so that they might have children.
However Violette, the young woman chose to look after him, admits that all the men have been arrested and learns in return that Napoleon has declared himself emperor and all the prisoners have either died or been deported.
He seems to show a preference for Violette, and the other women who have made the pact with her urge Violette to seduce Jean so that he will stay.
Violette and Jean become lovers, and soon the other women begin to pressure Violette to remember their pact and to bring up the subject with Jean.
After he disappears for a day, Violette goes through his things and discovers that he is in hiding and thus cannot leave.
But Jean, realizing that his future is uncertain, and that Violette has a strong and supportive community around her, departs the village unannounced, leaving Violette a letter explaining himself and promising to write once he is settled.
Chang Do-yong (also romanized as Jang Do-young; ; 23 January 1923 – 3 August 2012) was a South Korean general, politician and professor who, as the Army Chief of Staff, played a decisive role in the May 16 coup and was the first chairman of the interim Supreme Council for National Reconstruction for a short time until his imprisonment.
He graduated from the history department of Toyo University, planning to become a teacher, but later served as an officer in China.
Chang first learned of the coup from Park Chung-hee on 10 April 1961, who wanted him to lead the new government so that the entire military would support it.
In addition, Chang later convinced then-prime minister Chang Myon, that a security report containing leaked details of the coup (when it was scheduled to occur on May 12) was unreliable.
At his peak, Chang occupied four positions: chairman of the Supreme Council, prime minister defense minister, and army chief of staff.
Through May 1961, he attempted to gain recognition of the new government from the United States, meeting with John F. Kennedy on 24 May and promising a transfer to civilian control by 15 August (a priority for the US and president in name only Yun Posun, who Chang wanted to remain in office) on 31 May.
These moves quickly made him unpopular with the rest of the military leaders, who saw him as a threat to their power and the goals of the coup.
In June, after winning the acceptance of the US, Park and his followers turned the tide against Chang by implementing laws to restrict his influence.
On July 3, Chang, the ten MPs posted around him for security, and forty-four other officers were arrested on charges of conspiring to execute a countercoup.
Before his trial, Chang had already made it clear that he would flee to the United States, a move his persecutors didn't object to.
Chang claimed that he had visited South Korea in 1968 and met with Park as well as troops who participated in the Vietnam War.
He taught at La Trobe University before joining the faculty at Monash University as professor of Asian languages and studies, where he was granted emeritus status upon retirement.
In Taiwan, he was known as Chia Po (), a simplified transliteration of his surname, or by the nickname Big Beard ().
J. Bruce Jacobs was born on 19 September 1943 in the United States, and educated at Columbia University, where he earned bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.
In 1980, Jacobs was detained for three months, and falsely accused of involvement in the stabbing death of Lin Yi-hsiung's mother, as well as the born to Lin and Fang Su-min.
Jacobs received the Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon from the government of the Republic of China in November 2018, and was named a member of the Order of Australia in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours.
While writing for that publication, he argued that a paradigm shift was necessary in Taiwanese politics and diplomatic efforts, while comparing the one-China policy to the flat Earth model.
Jacobs also opined on the teaching of Taiwanese history, the Senkaku Islands dispute, territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and Cross-Strait as well as foreign relations of Taiwan.
Many of Jacobs' writings took the form of an open letter in which he discussed a wide array of topics relating to politics in Taiwan.
Such letters were specifically addressed to Taiwanese politicians Wang Ching-feng, Ma Ying-jeou, and generally to Taiwanese people, as well as Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau and Qantas chief executive officer Alan Joyce.
Although his father encouraged him to also become a teacher, Walter focused his studies on musical instruments, including piano, cello, organ, and French horn.
At the age of 17, he was accepted as a student for music theory and conducting at the Semperoper opera house in Dresden.
After completing his education, he volunteered for the state theater in Gotha, after which he moved to the Reußisch-Fürstliche Theater in Gera.
Walter moved to Berlin, where he studied the techniques of silent film accompaniment from Giuseppe Becce; however, with the advent of sound film, his career as silent film accompanist never came to fruition.
When the National Socialists came to power, Walter avoided all contact with the party and military, which helped him receive a position as a freelancer for the Rundfunksender Leipzig radio station.
He lived in the Netherlands for a short period of time with his wife, where he was unable to find work as an expatriate from Germany.
Walter Fried's success as a composer led to his name being compiled in Adolf Hitler's infamous August 1944 Gottbegnadeten list, which venerated artists important to the Nazi party.
After the reunification of Germany, Walter's hometown of Ottendorf-Okrilla honored him as an exemplary citizen, and after his death in 1996, the town commemorated a street in his honor.
The pier, designed by the Port Works Division of the former Public Works Department, was officially opened on 28 April 1960.
Renovation and improvement works in 2015 saw the passenger waiting area expanded, ventilation improved, and a new canopy constructed at the pier entrance.
The 1930 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1930 college football season.
In their eighth season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled an 11–0–1 record, won the SIAC championship, shut out five of 12 opponents, defeated in the Prairie View Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 338 to 44.
Takaya Mutō is a Japanese politician and a former member of the National Diet where he sat in the House of Representatives.
The 2020 WTA Finals, also known by its sponsored name Shiseido WTA Finals Shenzhen, is a women's tennis tournament to be held in Shenzhen, China.
The 2020 WTA Finals takes place at the Shenzhen Bay Sports Center the week of October 26, 2020, and is the 50th edition of the event.
Of these sixteen tournaments, a player's results from the four Grand Slam events, the four Premier Mandatory tournaments, and (for the top 20 players at the end of 2019) the best results from two Premier 5 tournaments must be included.
Over the first four days of competition, each player/team meets the other three players/teams in her group, with the top two in each group advancing to the semifinals.
The Dabie-Sulu orogeny also termed Qinling-Dabie-Sulu or Dabie Shan-Sulu was a mountain building event in the Triassic from 240 to 220 million years ago caused by the collision of the North China and South China cratons.
It extends 2000 kilometers (1250 miles) from the Tanlu fault zone between Shanghai and Wuhan in modern-day China to the Qaidam basin north of the Tibetan Plateau.
In fact, the Dabie-Sulu orogen is part of the larger Central China orogeny, extending through the Kunlun Range, Qinling Range, Tongbai-Dabie Range.
Although it is offset by the Tan-Lu fault zone, it stretches through the Sulu region of the Shandong Peninsula and reaches South Korea.
The China Continental Scientific Drilling Project was approved in China's ninth Five-Year Plan in 1997, with the CCSD-1 well inaugurated on 25 June 2001 drilling into the Dabie-Sulu orogen at Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province.
The goal of the project throughout the 2000s was to collect data about rheology and mantle mineralogy, as well as study processes similar to those in the center of the Himalayas, but at lower cost.
Prominent supporters of President Donald Trump have, without evidence, promoted the theory that Chalupa's past activities were part of a conspiracy between the DNC and the Ukrainian government to undermine Trump's campaign and, later, to frame the Russian government for the hacking of the DNC during the 2016 US presidential campaign.
Tanya's and Leo's parents brought them to the United States as children seeking asylum from the Soviet Union, and they grew up in the Bronx, New York.
As a couple, they moved to California, where Leo earned a PhD in neuroscience from UCLA and became a professor at UC Davis.
When Chalupa was 2–1/2, her life was saved by a child car seat when her parent's car spun out of control and crashed while traversing the Alps in Italy.
The incident led her mother to single-handedly wage a successful 2-year lobbying campaign in the California legislature for a mandatory child safety seat law that passed in 1982.
After Donald Trump launched his presidential campaign in 2015, she expanded her research to include Trump and his ties to Russia.
She also shared her concerns with a senior DNC official, saying that a connection between the Trump campaign and Russia would likely mean Manafort would become involved in the election.
Near the end of March, she visited the Ukrainian embassy in Washington, D.C., to organize an event in June highlighting female Ukrainian leaders.
The day after the campaign announced Manafort's joining, Chalupa briefed the DNC's communications staff on Manafort's and Trump's ties to Russia.
A week later, Chalupa met with a foreign policy legislative assistant to Representative Marcy Kaptur in a failed attempt to start a congressional investigation into Manafort's activities.
He began repeating the story in 2019 to U.S. right-wing media, Trump's personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani, and House Intelligence Committee minority chair Devin Nunes.
The conservative watchdog group Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust filed a complaint against Chalupa and the DNC with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) in August 2017.
The complaint alleges that the research assistance the Ukrainian embassy provided to her during the 2016 election campaign was an illegal campaign contribution to the DNC because of her work for them at the time.
The pro-Trump super PAC Committee to Defend the President filed a similar FEC complaint against the DNC in September 2019, alleging that the DNC ordered Chalupa to investigate Manafort and Trump.
Senator Chuck Grassley urged the Department of Justice (DOJ) on two occasions to investigate alleged coordination between Chalupa and the Ukrainian government to interfere in the 2016 election.
Grassley and Senator Ron Johnson sent a second letter in September 2019 in their capacities as the chairs of the Senate Finance and Homeland Security Committees.
During the US Congress' 2019 Impeachment Inquiry hearings, House Intelligence Committee ranking member Devin Nunes several times cited Alexandra Chalupa as a fact witness that committee chairman Adam Schiff refused to bring before the committee.
Chalupa responded that she would welcome the opportunity to testify and push back against the Republican narrative about her involvement with Ukrainian officials.
There is no evidence that Ukrainian embassy officials helped Chalupa in any significant way or that the DNC used any information obtained by Chalupa to aid Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign against Trump.
The minister is responsible for Canada's six regional development agencies: the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency, the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec, the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario, the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario, and Western Economic Diversification Canada.
The Selennyakh Range extends from NNW to SSE for almost north of the northern end of the Moma Range and east of the Khadaranya Range.
It is parallel to the latter and separated from it by the Moma-Selennyakh Depression, a wide intermontane basin, where the Selennyakh River flows and that continues southeastwards along the western side of the Moma Range.
To the northeast it connects with the Kyun-Tas, at the western end of the Polousny Range, and to the northwest with the far north of the Chersky mountain system.
The highest point of the Selennyakh Range is the Saltag-Tas (Салтага-Тас), a high ultra-prominent ridge located in the southern part, nearly to the south of Deputatsky.
Other subranges of the wider Selennyakh are the Nemkuchan Range in the northeast —a small ridge along the river of the same name facing the Kyun-Tas, the Esteriktyakh-Tas in the east, and the Tommot Massif and Andrey-Tas at the southern end.
The main rivers of the range are the Uyandina and Selennyakh rivers, both left tributaries of the Indigirka, as well as the Chondon, which flows northwards into the Laptev Sea.
The river valleys of the range have sparse larch forests, and above there is a narrow pre-tundra belt in which alder and dwarf cedar predominate.
The Chonos Metamorphic Complex, Madre de Dios Accretionary Complex and Diego de Almagro Complex all outcrop west of the South Patagonian Batholith.
Some researchers proposed that during the Permian, the supercontinent Gondwana moved rapidly northward leading to the formation of back-arc marginal basins.
At it is the highest mountain in the Selennyakh Range, part of the wider Chersky Range (Momsko-Chersk Region), East Siberian System.
It continues from the end of Sunshine Valley Road, cutting through the street grid of Moss Beach to its mouth near the mouth of San Vicente Creek.
The Insel orogeny was a mountain building event in the late Archean, 2.65 billion years ago, in what is now Antarctica.
First identified by geologists in Queen Maud Land and the southern Prince Charles Mountains, the orogeny produced rocks that reached amphibolite-grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies, produced large areas of new continental crust and altered the large areas of older rock.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Antarctic researchers Grikurov and Elliot debated whether the Insel Orogeny marked the end of craton building in East Antarctica, or whether the process continued into the Proterozoic.
In 2011, he accepted a position as an anchor with CBS Los Angeles and in 2013, as an anchor at WNBC-TV in New York City.
Until then, Senegal is facing fiscal pressure due to fixed domestic energy prices that are cheaper than international oil prices resulting in increased subsidies and lower revenues.
Senegal's poverty rate was last measured in 2011 and had a national poverty rate of 46.7% and 38% using the international poverty line.
No new household consumption data has been made available but, estimates place the poverty rate at 34% in 2017, and expect it to fall to 31% in 2020.
Senegal has had a long history of cooperation with the World Bank and is currently engaged in over 30 projects from the World Bank.
In addition, the estimated total cost of the projects currently active form the World Bank is estimated to be $1.8 billion dollars.
The World Bank initiated the World Bank Group's Human Capital Project as a global effort to increase the effectiveness and development of human capital through policymaking and investing.
This initiative focuses on helping countries achieve these goals and has even established its own set of indicators to track and monitor progress.
In order to be able to measure the success of the program, the World Bank established a Human Capital Index (HCI).
The HCI targets how human capital contributes to the production of the economy as well as the projections for the future.
In order to provide financial security to the most vulnerable people and poor regions, the International Development Association (IDA) approved a $40.5 million credit package to aid Senegal in the establishment of a national social safety net system.
The safety net functions as a conditional cash transfer program that provides qualified candidates with 25,000 West African CFS francs or $50 USD every quarter for 5 years.
The beneficiaries of the program are selected by using community and geographical data that provides guidelines for selecting the most vulnerable and in need people.
Cash transfers can be used as tools to respond to humanitarian crises and create new methods of more immediate and required responses according to needs.
On January 3, 2019 the IDA approved a second round of financing for the social safety net program and loaned another credit package of $57 million USD.
The extension of funds were to address specific issues in regards to sustainability, institutionalization, and upscale of the use of the key frameworks.
Component 2 of the project was aimed at being able to provide a cash transfer service for low income households and has been able to provide transfers to farmers, beneficiaries, and as a use for productive exchanges.
The development objective of this project is to be able to provide people from rural communities with safe and equitable water sanitation and services.
This project also focuses on providing people with proper methods of water resource management as well as oversight of water services.
In many countries water is still not a fully guaranteed utility due to social economic barriers that make it difficult to provide water to all people.
The main barriers to universal access in Senegal are the lack of funds for the government to maintain and provide consistent water to rural communities as well as lack of funds for rural communities to be able to seek private investment form resource providers.
The first component is the improvement of the rural water supply system that requires the upgrading of already existing systems as well as opening new routes for accessibility.
The second component focuses on sanitation services and provides rural communities with household ad community toilets to be able to maintain clean water sources and clean communities.
The third component of this project discusses the issues wth water resource management and provides the community with training on water management and pre-planning for water resource use and allocation.
The final component of this project prepares the community for project coordination and increased capacity building so that the needs of the community can be fulfilled with the water supply systems and training of the community.
Senegal in September 26, 2019 received a $140 million USD loan from the IDA to expand the government capacity for nutritional services for women and kids.
The project seeks to provide necessary funds for government projects aimed at improving the health and nutritional condition of women and children in low socioeconomic areas.
The first component of the project is to improve the availability and quality of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and nutrition (RMNCAH-N) packages.
This component will seek to achieve this by increasing the availability and quality of health workers, mobile midwives, and medical resources available so that rural communities are also receiving the same level of care as urban communities.
The project has developed multiple strategies to implement this component through the use of mass media, social and behavioral changes in communities, life and employment skills training, and cash transfers to adolescent girls to help keep them in school or to enroll them in schools.
Beck grew up in Houstons 5th Ward, she graduated from San Jacinto High School She married Melvin S. Beck II on December 4, 1970 in Harris County, Texas, the had 3 sons James, Rick, and Trey.
Beck claimed that Ashby raised taxes on the Lufkin ISD School Board to increase the salary of the superintendent, Ashby and other Lufkin ISD trustees claimed this was false.
Lieutenant general Edward Allen Partain (23 June 1929 – 24 March 1996) was a United States Army officer who served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
In June 1967 he served as commander of the 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment, part of the 173rd Airborne Brigade during the Vietnam War and participated in the Battle of the Slopes.
He served as commanding general, Fifth United States Army from January 1983 until his retirement from the Army in January 1985.
Matilde Bombardini is an Italian-Canadian economist, who is a Professor of Economics of International Trade at the Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver.
She is a fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) in the Institutions, Organisations & Growth Program since June 2007 and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) for the Political Economy Program since April 2009.
She sits as an Advisory Committee Member for the Empirical Investigations in International Trade (EIIT) conference every year since November 2006.
Apart from being revered as a Distinguished Scholar at the Sauder School of Business, she is also the Co-Editor of the Journal of International Economics since September 2017.
Bombardini began her undergraduate studies in the field of Economics at Universita’di Bologna and graduated as Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Economics with a Magna cum Laude in the year 2000.
During her time as an undergraduate student, she went for an exchange program to The University of California, Berkeley (UCB) in the year 1998-1999 where she discovered her interest in empirical research surrounding trade.
Upon completing her PhD, she was appointed as assistant professor of Economics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver and has been in UBC ever since.
Although, she was also the visiting assistant professor for a year at The Booth School of Business at University of Chicago from August 2009 to June 2010.
She was promoted to associate professor at UBC in July 2013 and was also a visiting associate professor for a year at Stanford University from August 2017 to July 2018.
Her work has been published in the American Economic Review, the Canadian Journal of Economics, the Journal of Public Economics and the Journal of International Economics.
Bombardini is a fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and an Advisory Committee Member for the Empirical Investigations in International Trade (EIIT) conference.
Together with Francesco Trebbi and a team of research assistants, her second project explores the subject of financial regulation, especially the ways in which the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform of 2010 is implemented.
The name Summilux is used by Leica and Panasonic Lumix to designate camera lenses that have a maximum aperture of f/1.4.
Vladislav Kara (born 20 April 1998) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for Ak Bars Kazan in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
The group's name emphasizes the ideas that white-collar employees are workers and that the lower-wage jobs created to support those white-collar jobs are part of the same industry.
These ideas are in contrast to industry norms that ameliorate engineer working conditions, including food and perk luxuries on campus, horizontal reporting structures, and casual dress codes.
The group also responds to the disillusionment of workers who entered the industry to bring societal value through the Internet but instead found other company objectives to be paramount.
Many workers at major tech companies saw themselves as responsible for creating platforms that let fake news propagate, the alt-right find an audience, and the Trump presidency potentially surveil its critics.
Photos from a December 2016 Trump Tower meeting between United States President-elect Donald Trump and senior leaders of Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, and Facebook renewed interest in counter-activism.
In January 2017, the group led a protest of 70 people, including employees from major tech companies, at the data analytics company Palantir in opposition to the company's surveillance work for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The Tech Workers Coalition started a petition for Stanford University alumni, a popular recruiting spot, to pledge not to join Palantir.
In early 2017, several Tech Workers Coalition members assisted the labor union Unite Here in organizing cafeteria staff at their companies, particularly at Facebook.
In 2019, the Tech Workers Coalition advised NPM employees behind a failed unionization attempt and helped to organize tech worker presence at the September 2019 climate strikes.
Within the movement of tech industry activists seeking to change the industry's practices through their employees, the Tech Workers Coalition is the most radical group.
As of late 2017, the group had about 500 users on its instant messaging tool and had small chapters in cities including Boston, New York, and Seattle.
The group is all-volunteer and horizontal, unlike most labor union hierarchies, and is premised on solidarity between higher-wage engineers and lower-wage workers.
The 2019 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships was the 81st annual NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 39th annual NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's collegiate cross country running in the United States.
Melba M. Crawford is the Associate Dean of Engineering for Research and a Professor of Agronomy, Civil Engineering, and Electrical & Computer Engineering at Purdue University.
After three one-way games in which France dominated its Asiatic rivals, Japan draws a game in France in 2017, shocking French media.
The 1931 Wilberforce Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Wilberforce College (now known as Wilberforce University) during the 1931 college football season.
Led by head coach Harry C. Graves and assistant coach Corrothers, the team was recognized as the 1931 black college national champion.
It is bounded to the west by the Wanneroo Road, to the south by the Hepburn Avenue and Marangaroo Drive, to the east by Alexander Drive.
She is the director of Superfund Research Program, the director of Pacific Northwest Center for Translational Environmental Health Research and the director of Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory at OSU.
At OSU, she leads the eponymous Tanguay Lab, where she applies systems toxicology principles using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) to discover the chemicals in the environment that can interact with expressed genomes to produce diseases and other dysfunctions.
She uses chemical structural information; coupled with the biological responses they produce in zebrafish, as anchors to screen for potentially hazardous chemicals and to discover new biology.
She received technical research training in the Department of Molecular Biology at the City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute in Duarte, California in the laboratory of Arthur Riggs.
She then joined University of California, where she received a Ph.D in Biochemistry in 1995 under the guidance of Daniel R Gallie.
She left the University of Colorado in 2003 to join Oregon State University as an Associate Professor of Molecular Toxicology and to direct the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, becoming Full Professor in 2010.
She also directs the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences sponsored Oregon State University Superfund Research Center and the Pacific Northwest Center for Translational Environmental Health Research.
She served as the Vice President of Northwest Association of Toxicologists in 2006 and later served as the President of the association in 2007.
Tanguay applies systems toxicology principles using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) to discover the chemicals in the environment that can interact with expressed genomes to produce diseases and other dysfunctions.
She uses chemical structural information; coupled with the biological responses they produce in zebrafish, as anchors to screen for potentially hazardous chemicals and to discover new biology.
Born as Robert Tanguay, she felt that she could connect more with females and that there was something amiss with her identity since childhood.
After she was married and had a daughter, she began meeting other trans people, which gave her the courage to share her experiences with other people.
Ross-Lewin, originally from County Clare, attended school in Bristol, then served as a clerk in the Royal Navy from 1864 to 1873.
He studied at Hatfield Hall, Durham, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1876, and took holy orders the following year.
Fond of military history, he spent much of his spare time studying engagements at which Irish regiments took part, particularly if it involved either the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars or the Connaught Rangers.
Ross-Lewin was curate at Kildysart, 1877–1879; Tipperary, 1879–1883; Killoscully, 1883–1886; Rector of Kilmurry, 1886–1921; Rural Dean of Limerick, 1900; Treasurer of Limerick Cathedral, 1912–1919; and finally Archdeacon of Limerick, 1919–1921.
Though otherwise a devoted Anglican, Ross-Lewin had many close friends who were Catholic and took part in devotions with his neighbours.
After school, she accepted a position as a sports anchor in Presque Isle, Maine and the WIVT-TV in Binghamton, New York.
In 2007, she joined NBC 10 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where she earned an Emmy award for her work on a show about the Olympics.
The John J. Carroll Water Treatment Plant (CWTP) is a water treatment plant operated since 2005 by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) to treat water bound for Greater Boston.
For water treatment, CWTP utilizes four ozone generators, designed to handle an average capacity of per day—although average daily consumption is lower, at approximately —and a peak level of per day.
Water for CWTP comes from the Wachusett Reservoir, primarily via the Cosgrove Tunnel, with the Wachusett Aqueduct as a standby backup.
Treated water then flows towards Boston primarily via the MetroWest Water Supply Tunnel, with the Hultman Aqueduct as a secondary system and the Weston Aqueduct as a backup.
The Royal Commission on Industrial Relations, otherwise known as the Mathers Commission, was chaired by Thomas Graham Mathers and examined Canada's industrial relations.
The report released its findings July 1919, after the Commissioners visited 28 cities from 26 April to 16 June, hearing from 486 witnesses from British Columbia in the West to Nova Scotia in the East.
The upheaval taking place throughout the world, and the state of men's minds during this critical period, make this the time for drastic changes of the industrial and social systems of Canada.
The Commission is considered to be a legislative failure, however remains valuable for its account of the rise of militancy in the Canadian labour movement following the First World War.
Fido (ca 1851 – 1865) was a yellow mongrel dog owned by Abraham Lincoln and kept by the family for a number of years prior to Lincoln's presidency, and became a presidential pet during Lincoln's presidency, although he remained in Springfield, Illinois.
He was known to wait for Lincoln outside the barber shop and would sometimes carry a parcel in his mouth when going home with his master.
After Lincoln was elected, Fido cowered from the crowds who greeted the president-elect, the fireworks, and the increased attention surrounding his master.
Knowing the bustle of Washington, the number of people who would be going through the White House, and the social scene surrounding it, Lincoln and his wife, Mary, decided to leave Fido in Springfield, where the family had lived.
Lincoln gave Roll an old sofa that was a favorite of Fido's, and left instructions that Fido be allowed to have the run of the house, not to be scolded for tracking mud, and to be allowed to wander around the family dinner table and be fed scraps.
Helen Haenke (1916–1978) was an Australian artist, poet and playwright whose work was part of an emerging literary community in south-east Queensland in the late 1960s and 1970s.
Helen Joyce Petherbridge (later Haenke) was born on May 9, 1916 at Wickham, New South Wales, daughter of Dr Walter Petherbridge and his wife Lily.
Born in Berlin, Demmer was a son of Carl Demmer, who was active at the Theater an der Wien from 1804.
From September 1829 to 1834 he worked as a singer and then until his death as chief director of the Theater am Kärntnertor.
It is founded by Dr. Tonse Madhav Ananth Pai in 1953, It is part of the Manipal Education system and Medical Group Its network is spread across 15 locations in India and it also holds an international presence through a branch in Malaysia named Manipal Hospitals Klang.
In the year 2018, Manipal Hospitals and TPG Capital acquired Fortis Healthcare as part of a deal for Rs 3900 crore, including a 20 percent stake in SRL.
In 1997, Manipal Hospitals Mangalore was established, this 251-bed tertiary care hospital is named Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Hospital, which is India's first self-financing medical college.
Watson is the first commercially available cognitive computing cloud platform that analyzes high volumes of data understands complex queries and proposes evidence based answers for them.
Manipal Hospitals have become the first in the country and the second in the world to implement IBM Watson for Oncology, an AI technology for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
It is situated at the northeast corner of Birkenhead Lake Provincial Park, north of Pemberton, west of Lillooet, north of Tolkien Peak, and immediately south of Mount Aragorn, which is its nearest higher peak.
The names for Mounts Aragorn, Gandalf, and Shadowfax were taken from fictional characters in the novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, which were read while waiting out stormy weather during the 1972 outing.
Gandalf became incorrectly identified on maps as Shadowfax, and vice versa, as originally proposed in 1978 by Karl Ricker of the Alpine Club of Canada.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Casio keyboards from the 1980s and 1990s are used by electronic musicians and sound engineers to achieve an authentic lo-fi sound and some modify them by circuit bending to extend their sound palettes.
The 1932 Wiley Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Wiley College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1932 college football season.
In their tenth season under head coach Fred T. Long, the team compiled a 9–0 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 278 to 8.
Thoriosa fulvastra is a spider species of the wandering spider family (Ctenidae) native to Sierra Leone and São Tomé and Príncipe.
Its female holotype measures from 11 to 12 mm and is believed to be reposited in the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France.
The following is a list of clubs who have played in the A-League since its formation in 2005 to the current season (Wellington Phoenix) are located in New Zealand; they play in the A-League.
Seven (Adelaide United, Brisbane Roar, Central Coast Mariners, Melbourne Victory, Newcastle Jets, Perth Glory and Sydney FC) have contested every season in the A-League.
Three clubs, Melbourne City, Wellington Phoenix and Western Sydney Wanderers are not founding members of the A-League, but have not been disbanded since their debut in the A-League.
A-League teams playing in the 2019–20 season are indicated in bold, while founding members of the A-League are shown in italics.
As of the 2007–08 season, New Zealand Knights were disbanded from the A-League, as they were replaced by the Wellington Phoenix.
In 2009, the A-League marked the addition of two new teams both from Queensland which was the Gold Coast United and North Queensland Fury who made their debuts for the 2009–10 season.
In Gold Coast's third and final season, new Melbourne club, Melbourne Heart joined the league which brought the total number of teams to 11.
In 2012, Gold Coast United were disbanded from the A-League, as the new Sydney team, Western Sydney Wanderers joined the league.
The amount of teams in the A-League stayed the same for six years until, it was announced that Western United will play in the A-League in 2019, and Macarthur FC in 2020.
Emma Perodi (31 January 1850, Cerreto Guidi - 5 March 1918, Palermo) was an Italian writer and journalist; best known for her children's books.
For many years, it was uncertain if she had been born in Florence or Fiesole but, in the 1980s, a baptismal certificate was found that placed her birth in Cerreto Guidi..
She died from pneumonia in Palermo, where she had spent over twenty years working for the publishing firm of Salvatore Biondo.
Leica introduced these less expensive lenses, which also fit Leica M mount cameras like the recent Cosina (Carl Zeiss AG and Voigtländer brands) lenses as an alternative to its main line professional and expensive lenses.
Amuba Kundo is a 2019 Manipur film directed by Jeet Mangang, produced by Sonia Yambem, and presented by Naoshum Channel under the banner of Mangang Films.
Women of Wrestling aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.
It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.
The remaining teams were mainly created for WOW's Tag Team Tournament, although some of the teams continued to team with one another until the end of the first season.
Elwyn Flint (1910–1983) was an Australian linguist and academic, who undertook extensive surveys of English languages and dialects throughout Queensland, in particular Australian Aboriginal communities in the 1960s.
He attended Windsor State School and Brisbane State High School and won an open scholarship at the age of 16 to attend the University of Queensland in 1928.
He graduated in 1930 with a B.A., first class honours degree in modern languages and literature and a government gold medal for outstanding merit.
From 1936 to 1938 he attended St Francis' Theological College and was ordained as a priest of the Church of England.
He served as curate of St Andrews Church in Lutwyche, was vicar of Monto, and became an army chaplain between 1943 and 1945.
Following his discharge from the army, he eventually returned to lecturing at the University of Queensland in 1949 and completed his M.A.
In 1956 he undertook work to study dialects of English spoken on Norfolk Island and how these dialects were influenced by non-resident 'migrant' English.
During the 1960s, Flint took extensive audio recordings of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island communities and the English spoken in these communities for the Australian Research Council funded Queensland Speech Survey.
29 communities including Yarrabah, Cherbourg, Woorabinda, Palm Island, Doomadgee, Bloomfield River, Aurukun, Weipa were canvassed with the assistance of three students.
Coral Readdy for Stradbroke Island and Cherbourg, Tom Dutton for Palm Island and Diane Alexander for Yarrabah and Woorabinda summarised findings in their respective theses.
57 boxes of Flint's papers and his recordings of language variation in Indigenous communities are available through the University of Queensland Fryer Library.
In My Country is a 2017 drama film directed by Frank Rajah Arase, starring Sam Dede, Shan George, Okawa Shaznay, Bimbo Manuel, Precious Udoh and Austin Enabulele.
The film tells the story of a teacher desperately in need of help from her father who is a dubious man to raise money for her daughter's surgery, a crisis that is unexpectedly catapulted to a national stage and it documents the struggle of young Nigerians seeking help from the government.
He was one of the few members of the Iwakura Mission who stayed in the United States after graduating from a college there.
While living in Pennsylvania he married and had two children with Cary Sampson, the daughter of Archibald Sampson, a general in the United States Army.
However, even though the memorial stone says that he was the first Japanese person to live in Colorado, the federal census suggests that other Japanese people lived in Colorado before 1890.
Torrey Eglesby Wales (June 20, 1820 – July 5, 1902) was an American politician who served as the 2nd Mayor of Burlington, Vermont.
Among the prospective lawyers who learned under Wales's tutelage was Russell S. Taft, who later became a partner in Wales's law firm.
In April 1868, shortly after Wales left office as mayor, his son George W. Wales was accidentally shot in the lung by the instructor who was teaching him business writing at a Burlington commercial college.
Senators Justin Smith Morrill and Henry L. Dawes, and Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs (chief assistant) to Governor John L. Barstow.
On March 6, 1866 Wales was the only candidate to run for the mayoralty of Burlington and won with 391 out of 394 votes.
When a bill limiting working hours to ten hours a day was brought before the Vermont State House of Representatives he was one of 244 citizens of Burlington and hundreds from other counties that signed a petition supporting its passage.
On October 6, 1870 Daniel Chipman Linsley, the mayor of Burlington, resigned and Wales served as acting mayor until his term expired.
Nehemiah 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 15th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
This chapter records the reform of Nehemiah in the case of economic oppression among the Jews, and how he led by example.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
For any organization or nation, Any internal schisms, inequities, or injustices in any organization or nation will bring ruin far quicker than outside attack, so the well-being (and survival) of a particular group or community depends on its internal health.
This section deals with the economic oppression among the Jews (verses 1–5), Nehemiah’s judgment on the issue (verses 6–11), and the pledge of the people (verses 12–13).
In the position of leadership, Nehemiah led by example, where he demonstrates his integrity and his unbending adherence to God’s laws and his moral standard.
Unlike the previous governors who took bread, wine, and 'forty shekels of silver', Nehemiah forfeited his right to income from taxes, and even at his own expense provided ‘the necessities expected of a government official’.
Nehemiah's appointment took place in Nisan 444 BC (or 445 BC; the 20th year of Artaxerxes I), as recorded in , and he governed Judah for 12 years.
Therefore, the entire first section of the Book of Nehemiah (chapters 1–7) could be written after 432 BC (the 32nd year of Artaxerxes I), the year when Nehemiah returned to the Persian court from Jerusalem (Nehemiah 13:6).
She was the first woman to run for Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico, a national president of the American Association of University Women, and the president of two colleges (Colorado Women's College and Colby-Sawyer College).
She and William relocated their family to New Mexico in 1950 when William became employed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
The couple had four children and continued to live and work mostly in New Mexico for the remainder of their lives.
The New Mexico state chapter of the American Association of University Women created the AAUW-NM Ingenious Ideas Award inspired by Chambers and fellow long-time mentor Gloria Cordova.
The University of New Mexico Foundation created the Endowed Faculty Award for Excellence in History in honor of Chambers and her husband, William.
Chambers was one of sixty women who gathered in (ironically) the men's Residence Hall at LANL on 13 September, 1950 to found the Los Alamos branch of the American Association of University Women.
She served as president of that branch, of the New Mexico Division, and finally as national President of the Association from 1975 to 1979.
She chaired the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs under President Gerald Ford and the Committee for Women under President Jimmy Carter.
Chambers was elected to the Los Alamos County Council in 1974 and won the Republican nomination in 1982 for New Mexico's 3rd Congressional District seat, losing to Bill Richardson.
In 1986, she became the first woman in New Mexico to seek a party's nomination for Lieutenant Governor but lost to Jack L. Stahl.
The 1939 Langston Lions football team was an American football team that represented Langston College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference during the 1939 college football season.
In their 10th season under head coach Caesar Felton Gayles, the team compiled a 7–0–1 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 83 to 26.
The Golden Age of Flanders, or Flemish Golden Age, is a term that has been used to describe the flourishing of cultural and economic actitivies of the Low Countries around the 16th century.
On 24 February 1500, Charles of Ghent was born to Philip the Handsome (son of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian I of Austria) and Joanna the Mad (daughter of Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon).
The inheritances of Burgundy and Austria made him respectively Lord of the Netherlands and Archduke of Austria, giving to one person an unprecedented amount of direct possessions within the Holy Roman Empire.
The inheritances of Castile and Aragon formed a Spanish empire that streched from the Castilian West Indies to the Aragonese Two Sicilies.
The election as Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 crowned Charles' dynastic fortunes, giving him sovereignty in Germany and North Italy as a formal successor of Charlemagne.
In an age of high renaissance and global explorations, when reformed churches and national monarchies were emerging, Charles embraced the medieval dream of building a universal monarchy in the Old World of Christendom.
Given that Charles was a Fleming and that Burgundian chivalric culture formed the basis of his beliefs, Brussels would ascend from capital of the Habsburg Netherlands to main seat of his itinerant court.
During the Guelders Wars Charles annexed the Lordship of Utrecht and Lordship of Overijssel, the Lordship of Groningen and County of Drenthe.
However, the abdications of Brussels formalized by Charles V between 1554 and 1556 divided the House of Habsburg and its possessions between a Spanish branch led by Philip II of Spain and a German-Austrian branch led by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Charles abdicated in favor of his son Philip the Two Sicilies and the Duchy of Milan in July 1554, the Habsburg Netherlands in October 1555, and the kingdoms of Spain and the Americas in January 1556.
In August 1556, Charles abdicated the throne of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand, elected as his designated successor in 1531.
The Imperial succession also marked the legal transfer of the Austrian hereditary lands of the Empire to Ferdinand, who ruled them in the name of the Emperor since 1521.
His son Philip will return in Spain in 1559 and never visit the Low Countries again, ruling these territories as King of Spain rather than Duke of Burgundy.
Flanders and Belgium were part of the Spanish Netherlands from 1556, and entered a period of decline in favor of the Dutch Republic which was soon to break off from the Spanish empire.
Symbolic of this is the Sack of Antwerp by Spanish forces in 1576, which forced many merchants to flee to Amsterdam and Holland.
Antwerp's golden age is tightly linked to the fact that it became the financial centre where Spanish precious metals coming from the Americas were exchanged for banking credit of rich German families (namely the Fugger and the Welser).
Francesco Guicciardini, the Florentine envoy, stated that hundreds of ships would pass in a day, and 2,000 carts entered the city each week.
By 1504, the Portuguese had established Antwerp as one of their main shipping bases, bringing in spices from Asia and trading them for textiles and metal goods.
The city's trade expanded to include cloth from England, Italy and Germany, wines from Germany, France and Spain, salt from France, and wheat from the Baltic.
The city of Antwerp was a leader in the pepper market, the market of precious metals coming from Mexico and Peru, and the textile industry.
The beginning of the century the old cloth industries of Flanders had been seriously threatened by English competition; However, Charles V implemented reforms to put the industries of the Netherlands under protection.
Flemish artists, who span from the Antwerp Mannerists and Hieronymus Bosch at the start of the 16th century to the late Northern Mannerists such as Hendrik Goltzius and Joachim Wtewael at the end, drew on both the recent innovations of Italian painting and the local traditions of the Early Netherlandish artists.
Jan Mabuse, Maarten van Heemskerck and Frans Floris were all instrumental in adopting Italian models and incorporating them into their own artistic language.
Pieter Brueghel the Elder, with Bosch the only artist from the period to remain widely familiar, may seem atypical, but in fact his many innovations drew on the fertile artistic scene in Antwerp.
Joachim Patinir, for example, played an important role in developing landscape painting, inventing the compositional type of the world landscape, which was perfected by Pieter Bruegel the Elder who, followed by Pieter Aertsen, also helped popularise genre painting.
Anthonis Mor was the leading portraitist of the mid-century, in demand in courts all over Europe for his reliable portraits in a style that combined Netherlandish precision with the lessons of Titian and other Italian painters.
Italian Renaissance influences begin to show on Early Netherlandish painting around 1500, but in many ways the older style was remarkably persistent.
Antwerp Mannerism is a term for painters showing some Italian influence, but mainly continuing the style and subjects of the older masters.
Hieronymus Bosch is a highly individual artist, whose work is strange and full of seemingly irrational imagery, making it difficult to interpret.
Most of all it seems surprisingly modern, introducing a world of dreams that seems more related to Gothic art than the Italian Renaissance, although some Venetian prints of the same period show a comparable degree of fantasy.
and directly leads to the themes of the great Flemish and Dutch Baroque painters: landscapes, still lifes and genre painting - scenes from everyday life.
This evolution is seen in the works of Joachim Patinir and Pieter Aertsen, but the true genius among these painters was Pieter Brueghel the Elder, well known for his depictions of nature and everyday life, showing a preference for the natural condition of man, choosing to depict the peasant instead of the prince.
It hints at the renewed interest for antiquity (the Icarus legend), but the hero Icarus is hidden away in the background.
The main actors in the painting are nature itself and, most prominently, the peasant, who does not even look up from his plough when Icarus falls.
Inmates at Eastern Correctional Facility and Taconic Correctional Facility are studying for either BA or AA degrees from Bard College as part of a prison education program.
The documentary highlights important feats and milestones in the inmates' college careers such as their thesis defenses, graduation, and victory over the Harvard debate team.
The 1941 Langston Lions football team was an American football team that represented Langston College during the 1941 college football season.
In their 12th season under head coach Caesar Felton Gayles, the team compiled a 10–1 record, defeated Morris Brown in the Vulcan Bowl, shut out seven of 11 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 147 to 45.
Upon completing his bachelor's degree with honours at the University of Southampton, Alsford pursued a master's degree at National Chengchi University in Taiwan, followed by a doctorate at SOAS, University of London.
Alsford was nominated a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society in 2013, a fellow of the Higher Education Academy in 2017, and a fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland in 2019.
He is a Professor of Law affiliated with Sciences Po Law School in Paris as well as with the University of Manchester.
After completing his PhD in French in 2005, he moved to the United States where he was affiliated with New York University (NYU).
He later moved to the University of Amsterdam where he became associate professor at the University of Amsterdam (2009 -2013) and later professor of international legal theory (2013-2017).
In 2012, he was appointed as a Professor of Public International Law at University of Manchester where he founded Manchester International Law Center (MILC) with Iain Scobbie.
He is especially known for his publications on the theory of international law, the theory of sources, state responsibility, and international organizations.
He has published a dozen of monographs and edited volumes as well as more than a hundred of peer-reviewed articles and book chapters.
He is a board member of several law journals and general editor of the Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law at Cambridge University Press.
In 2017, he launched Oxford International Organization with Oxford University Press of which he is now the Editor-in-Chief with Catherïne Brölmann.
He has been an expert for several Latin American States in proceedings before international courts, including the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
He was consulted by the Constitutional Assembly of Tunisia on questions of international law and auditioned in July 2012 during the preparation of the new constitution of Tunisia.
Gilles Senn (born 1 March 1996) is a Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender for the Binghamton Devils of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL).
While growing up in Switzerland, he had limited exposure to the National Hockey League but as he grew older, he began to idolize NHL goaltenders David Aebischer and Martin Gerber.
Senn helped lead HC Davos to the semi-finals of the 2016 Spengler Cup with a 3–1 win over the Avtomobilist Ekaterinburg.
After the 2016–17 season, Davos lost their starting goaltender Leonardo Genoni to SC Bern, which promoted Senn to their starter the following season.
Despite the loss in the semi-finals, his performance impressed the New Jersey Devils who drafted him 129th overall in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft.
Senn eventually made his AHL debut with the Binghamton Devils on 12 October in a 5–4 overtime loss to the Belleville Senators.
After posting a .89 save percentage, he was reassigned to their ECHL affiliate the Adirondack Thunder on 23 November, but was recalled before he could play a game.
In the next game, on 21 December, Senn made his first NHL start, making 35 saves and allowing three goals in a 5–1 loss to the Columbus Blue Jackets.
During the 2017–18 season, Senn was selected as the third goaltender for Team Switzerland during the 2018 IIHF World Championship, behind Leonardo Genoni and Reto Berra.
As a member of Team Switzerland, he earned a silver medal after a loss in the gold medal game to Sweden.
Kawase participated in the 1st grade summer 95th Japanese High School Baseball Championship with Shunsuke Kasaya and Masato Morisita at the Ōita Prefectural Ōita Commercial High School.
In 2016-2017 season, he played in the Western League of NPB's minor leagues and played in informal matches against Shikoku Island League Plus's teams.
Hassan Terro (Rouiched) who is exhausted and worn out by the long years of post-independence gets a taxi license as a former fighter travelling through the streets of Algiers, the capital of Algeria and experiences the most incredible adventures in humourous sense.
Robb attended the Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts before taking a job with the university's department of economics.
Robb has served on the editorial board for the Canadian Journal of Economics from 1978-1981, as Chair of the Economics Department at Brock from 1986-1989, and as Director of the Women's Studies Program at Brock from 1999 to 2002.
In 2019, Robb was recognized by the Canadian Women Economists Committee (CWEC/CFÉC)—successor organization to CWEN and part of the Canadian Economics Association—with the inaugural CWEC/CFÉC Service Award.
The China Cables are a small collection of Chinese government documents from 2017 that were leaked by exiled Uighurs to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and published on 24 November 2019.
For example, the Predictive policing program flagged 1.8 million Uyghur users for investigation who had installed the file sharing app Zapya developed by the Chinese company Dewmobile on their phones.
El Pais wrote that the Chinese Embassy in Madrid did not answers their 4 questions, namely if it collects and sends information about Uighur citizens living in Spain or Europe to Beijing; how their visa policy has changed since 2017; if Beijing had requested to extradite Uighur people, and if Uighurs have the same rights as other Chinese nationals before the Embassy.
He published findings exploring the DNA of physical appearance traits in 2018 and 2019 in the journal Human Genetics by Springer Nature and said he had been unaware of the origins of the DNA samples of the men from Tumxuk.
China has censored reports about the cables and erased almost all references to ICIJ searches on the Chinese internet, according to Süddeutsche Zeitung, one of the collaborators of ICIJ China Cables.
The resolution called on the Chinese Government to put an end to arbitrary detentions, without any charge, trial or conviction for criminal offence, of the Uighur, Kazakh, or Tibetan ethnic minorities.
The Parliament called for the sanctioning of companies and individuals that are complicit with any acts that would deter human rights.
Germany's foreign minister Heiko Maas condemned the internment of Uighurs and insisted on talks with the Chinese government to gain access to the camps.
On November 26, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said documents confirmed China intentionally committing very significant human rights abuses in Xinjiang.
On 3 December 2019, the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act was passed by the United States House of Representatives, awaiting consent by the Senate.
As of May 2019, there were at least 68 companies originating from the European Union, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom that have ties to Xinjiang.
About a dozen were German companies; Volkswagen Group operates a relatively unprofitable car manufacturing plant in Urumqi since 2013, employing 650 workers, which was criticised as existing for solely political reasons.
Bosch warned the Chinese authorities against internment of their employees and said that the company offers Muslim prayer rooms for staff.
The band's original lineup was composed of Alex Kapranos (lead vocals and guitar, keyboard), Nick McCarthy (rhythm guitar, keyboards and backing vocals), Bob Hardy (bass guitar), and Paul Thomson (drums, percussion and backing vocals).
The band has been notable for being one of the more popular post-punk revival bands, garnering multiple UK top 20 hits.
They have been nominated for several Grammy Awards and have received two Brit Awards – winning one for Best British Group – as well as one NME Award.
The iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards are annual awards presented by the Canadian television channel Much to honour the year's best music videos.
The MTV Europe Music Award is an award presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe to honour artists and music in pop culture.
The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium.
The Shortlist Music Prize was an annual music award for the best album released in the United States that had sold fewer than 500,000 copies at the time of nomination.
The UK Music Video Awards is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and innovation in music video and moving image for music.
Abrocitinib (code name PF-04965842) is a Janus kinase inhibitor drug which is currently under investigation for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
In December 2011 the album was certified quintuple platinum in Peru, breaking a record and becoming the best selling album in Peru of 2011.
The Law was adopted by the National People's Congress on March 15, 2019 and came into effect on January 1, 2020.
It replaces the Law of the People's Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures.
Soon after China's reform and opening up, the country adopted its first law on equity joint ventures in 1979, and the laws on wholly foreign-owned enterprises and cooperative joint ventures were enacted in the 1980s.
As China becomes one of the world's top recipients of FDI, with some 960,000 foreign-invested enterprises and over 2.1 trillion US dollars of accumulated FDI by the end of 2018, the legal framework for foreign investment needed to be updated in order for further reform and opening up.
The unified Foreign Investment Law, replacing the three existing laws, was adopted at the Second Session of the 13th National People's Congress on March 15, 2019 and comes into effect on January 1, 2020.
• The competent departments for commerce (Ministry of Commerce) and for investment (National Development and Reform Commission) are delegated major responsibility to promote, protect and manage foreign investment.
• All national policies on supporting the development of enterprises shall equally apply to foreign-funded enterprises in accordance with the law.
The government establishes a service system for foreign investment, and provide foreign investors and foreign-funded enterprises with consultation and services in respect of laws and regulations, policies and measures, investment project information and other aspects.
• The government is not to expropriate any investment made by foreign investors; Under special circumstances, the government may expropriate or requisition an investment made by foreign investors for public interests in accordance with the law.
Such expropriation or requisition shall be made pursuant to statutory procedures and fair and reasonable compensation will be given in a timely manner.
• A foreign investor may freely transfer inward and outward its contributions, profits, capital gains, income from asset disposal, royalties of intellectual property rights, lawfully obtained compensation or indemnity, income from liquidation and so on within the territory of China in CNY or a foreign currency.
• The government protects the intellectual property rights and trade secrets of foreign investors and foreign-funded enterprises, and encourages technology cooperation on the basis of free will and business rules.
• The government establishes a safety review system for any foreign investment affecting or having the possibility to affect national security.
He was one of the founders of the African American Leadership Institute Anderson School of Business at UCLA and a Life Member of the NAACP.
In 1935, they reached the semi-finals of the Norwegian Cup where they lost 3–0 against Fredrikstad at Brann Stadion in a game attended by 17,000 spectators.
Two of Norway's bronze medal winning players from the 1936 Summer Olympics, Odd Frantzen and Magdalon Monsen, represented Hardy at the time.
Hardy played in the inaguaral season of the national league top division; the 1937–38 Norgesserien, where they finished in third place in their district group.
In 1947–48 the first post-war season, Hardy were among the 58 teams that relegated from the top division due to restructuring of the league system.
Hardy originated from the Nygård neigbourhood, but due to lack of recruitment, the club decided to move to Mannsverk in the late 1960s.
However, Hardy has later returned with teams in local 7-player leagues and old boys leagues, but not in the national league system.
Florin Lucian Petcu (born 2 April 1976) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a forward for teams such as FCM Bacău, Național București or F.C.
After retirement, Petcu worked as a kids trainer at Sporting Bacău, then in 2017 he opened his own football school Kids 2017 Bacău.
Zulu Wedding is a 2017 South African romantic comedy film produced, written and directed by Lineo Sekeleoane on her directorial debut.
A beautiful young dancer Lu Sabata (Nondumiso Tembe) who moves to US from her motherland South Africa in order to pursue her career in dancing, falls in love with Tex Wilson (Darrin Henson), a New York based man.
Lu is from the royal Zulu family who is determined to fulfill her aspirations in the US has to bound by an ancestral debt to marry a Zulu royal family member.
The Angles Theatre is a theatre and historic Georgian playhouse in the market town of Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England.
The current premises consists of the original theatre and a former library, originally an 'infant' school built in 1837, both of which are Grade II listed.
Regular performances at the theatre continued until about 1850 when it was used as a concert room for a number of years.
The office holder when the theatre was built was John Larpent (1741-1824).In November 1778 he was appointed inspector of plays by the Marquis of Hertford, who was then Lord Chamberlain.
He is said to have been strict and careful, and to have left behind him manuscript copies of all the plays submitted to the inspector from 1737 till 1824.
In 1778/1779 Italian author and poet Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti (also known as Joseph Baretti; 1718-1789) took up residence with a family living at Wisbech Castle for about a fortnight.
The earliest reference to a theatre on Deadman's Lane (later Great Church street and now Alexandra Road ) is a benefit performance for Mr and Mrs Miller, with the play 'The Battle of Hexham'.
The theatre was built by Mr Miller, who managed the theatre jointly with Tom Robertson until 2 May 1796 when Mr Robertson purchased his right in all properties of the Lincoln circuit.
When not in use for performances the theatre regularly held auctions, with the most prominent being the sale of Household Furniture, Linen and China from Wisbech Castle, belonging to the late Edward Southwell.
This was most likely the first auction held at the 'New Theatre' in November 1791, with the sale of the mentioned items not being permitted on the castle premises.
Previous to the erection of this theatre, a building in Pickard's Lane, afterwards purchased by Mr.Jonathan Peckover, sen., and converted into a barn, has been used for theatrical purposes.
A large building also, on the Sutton road, was afterwards used for the like purpose, previous to the present erection in Deadman's Lane.
The pit was covered over to enable the display of her works and the exhibition was regarded as a huge success.
Edmund Kean performed on the Lincoln Circuit, in Boston and then came to Wisbech for the nights of 19th to the 22nd April, 1831.
James Hill (banker) (father of Octavia Hill & Miranda Hill) bought the theatre in 1835, it was sold when he became bankrupt in 1840.
A school (known as the school for infidels) was erected in front of the theatre by James Hill in 1838, this was destined to become part of the theatre in the 20th century.
Another West End actor brought by Mrs T. Fanny Robertson to perform at Wisbech and other Lincoln circuit venues was Henry Compton (actor).
The theatre had not long been 'lately fitted up and decorated at great expense, for the purpose of public assemblies and concerts' when it was offered for sale by auction at the White Hart Inn on 2nd May 1843.
When it came into their possession, it had four whitewashed walls and a roof, with the time worn remains of the stage and gallery just as it was left after having been used as a theatre'.
A poster printed by Poyser's in W&F museum shows it was put up for auction as 'The Old Theatre' to be sold by Johnson & Easter at 7PM on Thursday 7th July, 1921 at the White Lion hotel.
In 1978, the theatre building was 'rediscovered' by several drama enthusiasts looking for a space to rehearse their productions and after uncovering the history of the building, brought it back into use as the Angles theatre.
On 25th November, 1978 a civic opening attended by the Mayor of Wisbech and chairman of Fenland District Council and presided over by Anton Rogers.
This may be in part because Oliver Goldsmith stayed with the Lumpkin family at Park House, Leverington and lampooned his friend Nicholas Lumpkin (1748-1825), he may even have written part of the play whilst at Park House.
On 23 September 1979 the cast of the West End show, Songbook (musical) performed for one night at the theatre, relocating from the Gielgud Theatre for the single performance.
The architecture of the building was documented in 1980 by Richard Leacroft, who used the timbers and doorways to deduce the original design of the building which was documented in his book 'Theatre and Playhouse', page 98 contains a cut-away diagram of the theatre as it have been c1995.
He noted that the size, shape and layout of the auditorium was similar to that of the Georgian Theatre Royal in Richmond, Yorkshire, however, the current design does not reflect the original form.
He has played his entire career for Førde IL, except from a spell in Jølster IL in 2009 and the period mid-2011 to 2016 when he played for Sogndal.
Efe Ergi Tırpancı (born January 1, 2000) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Small forward for Fenerbahçe of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the Euroleague.
He then enrolled in the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Florence, graduating in 1880 and being ordained as a priest the same year.
After that, he taught in the public schools, but would spend most of his career at the Piarist College of Le Acacie.
Although he is primarily remembered as an author of children's books and elementary school reading texts, he also wrote books on zoology, botany and religious subjects; notably a biography and appreciation of Saint John of the Cross.
Natalia Ginzburg has praised his imagination and noted that the bad fates met by some of the animals paralleled human misfortunes.
The suggestion was made by Shirley Graham Du Bois as a 50th anniversary edition, as it had been previously published in 1903 by A. C. McClurg & Company.
Negative list is a management model of foreign investment established in China and legalized by the Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China, which comes into effect on January 1, 2020.
The Chinese government gives national treatment to foreign investment beyond the negative list, which is issued by or upon approval by China's central government, the State Council.
Industries not on the list are open for investment to all businesses and will not require pre-approval by the Chinese government.
It replaces the previous regime of foreign investment administration, in which the government would designate certain sectors as open before a foreign investor could participate in.
The first trial version of the negative list was issued in 2016 in four provincial regions with pilot free trade zones (FTZs).
The names Aragorn, Gandalf, and Shadowfax were taken from fictional characters in the novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, which were read while waiting out stormy weather during the 1972 outing.
The mountain's name was proposed in 1978 by Karl Ricker of the Alpine Club of Canada, and was officially adopted January 23, 1979, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Currently the Elmar lenses have a maximum aperture of f/3.8 or f/4, as in the Elmar-M 24 mm f/3.8 and Tri-Elmar-M 16-18-21 mm f/4.
In 2019, his fourth spell in Årdal ended with 37 league goals, the fourth highest tally in the top five Norwegian league tiers.
He graduated from the Department of English of Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute (now Xi'an International Studies University) in September 1967, and later became a faculty member of the institute.
After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Du was one of the first nine people sent by the Chinese government to study in Australia in 1979.
He later served as Chair of the Department of English, Vice President (June 1995 to July 1998), and President (July 1998 to March 2005) of Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute.
Under his leadership, Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute established its Australian Studies Centre in 2000, one of the first such centres in China.
The 1924 Paul Quinn Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Paul Quinn College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference during the 1924 college football season.
This is a list of Uganda's official representatives and their placements at the Big Four international beauty pageants, considered the most important in the world.
Dagnachew won the Israeli National Championship in 800 meters with a time of 2:13.11 on July 5, 2017, and won the Israeli National Championship in 1,500 meters with a time of 4:14.07 on July 4, 2019.
At the same time, Dagnachew's time in the 15 kilometers of 49:21 in February 2019 was the 12th-fastest in the world for the year.
In July 2019, she won the 1,500 meters with a 4.11.37 at the 18th Meeting International de la Province de Liège.
Dagnachew qualified to represent Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in the 5,000 meters with a time of 15:08.39 in the Guldensporenmeeting in Kortrijk, Belgium, on July 13, 2019, where she won a bronze medal.
The temple was dedicated to Ba'alat Gebal, the goddess of the city of Byblos, known later to the Greeks as Atargatis.
Two centuries after the construction of the Temple of Baalat Gebal, the Temple of the Obelisks was built approximately 100m to the east.
The temple, and its patroness, Ba‘alat Gebal, were venerated in the city for more than two millennia during the Canaanite and Phoenician eras.
It was constructed when Byblos had close ties with Egypt, and a number of Egyptian references are found throughout the temple complex.
The site of the temple is near the Crusaders' Byblos Castle, and was first excavated by French archaeologist Pierre Montet from 1921–24 and subsequently in the early part of Maurice Dunand's excavation of the city.
Montet published two sketches of his excavations, and Dunand published a few plans for the wider sector of excavations in his 1939 volume.
The 2019 Asian Archery Championships were the 21st edition of the Asian Archery Championships, and were held in Bangkok, Thailand from November 22, 2019 to November 28, 2019.
At the site of Oarda de Jos, near Alba Iulia in Alba County, two jaw pieces were found of a large pterosaur.
The holotype, PSMUBB V651a, b, was found in a layer of the Șard Formation dating from the latest Maastrichtian, sixty-six million years old.
It consists of two fused premaxillae of the snout (PSMUBB V651a) and a piece of the symphysis of the lower jaws (PSMUBB V651b).
It is the first example from the Cretaceous of Europe of a pterosaur exemplar preserving both upper jaw and lower jaw elements.
It too is from a subadult animal and the describing authors considered it possible that it represented the same individual as the holotype.
This was deemed improbable however, because the holotype bone structure resembled that of subadult animals, not of fast growing young individuals.
Rıdvan Öncel (born February 21, 1997) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Shooting guard for Teksüt Bandırma of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
For Your Heart Only (Chinese: 為你鍾情; Pinyin: wèi nǐ zhōng qíng) is a 1985 Hong Kong Romantic film directed by Raymond Fung, it stars Leslie Cheung, Loletta Lee, Bonnie Law, Ann Bridgewater, Mang Hoi and Jimmy Wong.
The film centers around DJ Piggy Chan (Leslie Cheung), who falls in love at first sight with Jane Yu (Loletta Lee), he wins her heart on their first date.
Soon after that, Jane goes to the club Piggy works at to visit him, she sees Piggy flirting with other woman, she becomes angry and they broke up on the spot.
Piggy and his friends decide to throw Sapi a surprise party, to hope Sapi live the remaining days of his life happily, at the end of the party, Sapi said he hopes that Piggy and Jane will get back together.
And how the youngsters fall in love...lots of in-jokes with a true version of a natural blend of a group of HK Chinese living in a westernized city like Hong Kong...it has that subtle touch with true feelings of how they feel about each other.
On the Chinese movie review website, Douban, it received an average rating of 7.4 out of 10 based on 7303 user reviews.
Uthhan is a term that organizations and social service projects use to refer to providing those in need with a chance to rise above their circumstances.
Utthan is a nonprofit organization in India that works with vulnerable populations like women and minorities to improve the quality of life and offer equal opportunities.
Project eliminates the role of middlemen and other illegal financial exploitation which kept a monster sum of skilled workers in India in dark and never ending financial agony.
Uthhan started in 2012 is a joint initiative between different artisan community organizations and Golden Era Royal Group for the upliftment of financially weaker segment of skilled artisans across India.
It has been observed that value of an artisan product depends on the way of presentation apart from quality, which is an alien territory for a skilled worker.
As an effort to overcome this obstacle the products from the skilled workers will be displayed in various retail outlets exclusively allotted under the banner of the project with the help of government bodies.
The main reason for the degradation of the artisan community was the uneven distribution of profit by middlemen and distributors to the makers.
Since, Uthhan will eliminate the role of middlemen and distributors and the products directly reaches the end-users from artisans without any hassles through our platform.
Şehmus Hazer (born February 15, 1999) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Shooting guard for Teksüt Bandırma of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
3 Days to Go is a 2019 South African Indian drama film written and directed by award winning producer Bianca Isaac on her directorial debut.
When their father passes away, four grown siblings Melissa (Jailoshini Naidoo), Janet (Leeanda Reddy), Riki (Rahul Brijnath) and Amy (Kajal Bagwandeen) all come together and gather with their collection of husbands, wives, children and grandchildren.
The family together needs to survive for 3 days under one roof before they bury their father's ashes and part ways again.
Muhsin Yaşar (born December 31, 1995) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Center for Tofaş of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
Hafiz Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (born June 22, 1938 in Hendek, Sakarya, Turkey) is a Turkish Islamic cleric and the father of Turkish politician Merve Kavakçı.
He grew up not speaking much of Turkish, and speaking Georgian, although he learned to speak Turkish when he was 8 to 9.
At a young age, he was trained in the Islamic sciences, having memorized the Holy Quran at an early age, studied the fields of Tajweed, Qur'an, Arabic, Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh and other Islamic sciences and graduated from the Hasırcılar Quran Course.
Kavakçı graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Istanbul and the Istanbul Yüksek İslam Enstitüsü and received his doctorate in 1967.
In 1988, He moved to Texas, becoming the Resident Scholar and Imam of the Islamic Association of North Texas, and the founder and instructor of the private school IANT Quranic Academy in Richardson, Texas and founding dean of the Suffa Islamic Seminary in Dallas.
Kavakçı eventually moved back to Turkey, and is currently a retired faculty member and lectures in theology departments of the Theology Faculties of Istanbul and Marmara University.
He is suspected to be the local coordinator of the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal 2018 in the UK and the poisoning of Bulgarian arms dealer Emilian Gebrew 2015 in Bulgaria.
Sergejew was born in 1973 in a military settlement in the Sowjet-Republic Kazakhstan and did his military service in the southern Russian port of Novorossiisk.
Sergejew was involved in the establishment of a total of eight companies between 2004 and 2012, were opened and later liquidated.
Bellingcat reported in 2019 on a possible involvement in a poison attack on the Bulgarian arms manufacturer Emilian Gebrew in the spring of 2015.
The two main suspects identified in the case of Skripal Alexander Mischkin and Anatoli Tschepiga have a similar background like Sergejew: they all come from the far east provinces and after military service, they started a career in the GRU.
It is known that Sergeyev was exactly during the Brexit vote in London and during the Catalan independence referendum in Barcelona.
As all Monogenea, species in the genus are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of fish and grow into adult stage.
She got her education initially in Holy Family Convent, Co Kildare before going on to the National College in Dublin and University College Dublin.
Although the merger was agreed 29 November 2017, Mo and Stålkameratene would continue to field their own tems in the 2018 season, as the merger would not effect before the 2019 season.
Charo Sádaba Chalezquer (born 1972) is a tenured Spanish university Professor of Advertising at the School of Communication of University of Navarra.
She obtained her first degree in Journalism and then continued at the University of Navarra to obtain a doctorate in Communication.
She is identified as an expert in technology communication to adolescents and children, she is noted for her view that although children do use mobile phones a lot this should not be the most important parental concern.
Spanish national newspapers report worrying statistics about mobile phone use, but Sabada encourages parents to think long term about their children's use of mobile phones.
The open water swimming at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Hanjin Boat Terminal in Cubi, Subic on 10 December 2019.
The Jardim da Manga, also known as Cloister of Manga, is a Renaissance architectural work with fountains, located behind the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra, Portugal.
It is dominated by a building, which currently has only a central dome sitting on eight columns, with its fountain, connected to four small chapels and surrounded by small rectangular pools.
From October 1970 until December 1971, he attended a Staff College course at the RAF Staff College, Bracknell, in the United Kingdom.
When the liberation war started to fight Amin’s regime in 1979, Maruru was one of the men to organise the operation.
After the fall of President Godfrey Binaisa in 1980, the Uganda National Liberation Army appointed Maruru to the Military Commission to run the affairs of the country.
When Tito Okello and Bazilio Olara Okello overthrew Obote in 1985, Maruru was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and shortly after to Major General.
The founder and president was Ram Chandra Poudyal (R. C. Poudyal) who was one of the leaders from Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary).
In 1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election and Sikkim Lok Sabha election, RIS was one of the main rivals for the ruling party, Sikkim Sangram Parishad (SSP).
In Lok Sabha election, R. C. Powdyal stood as the candidate of RIS, but he lost and couldn’t refund his deposit of candidacy.
Since 1990, RIS didn’t participate any election in Sikkim, and it isn’t registered in the list of political parties in Sikkim by Election Commission of India (ECI).
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 3 July 1868 due to the resignation of sitting member James White, who left the colony to travel to England, Europe and the United States.
Golf competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines were held at the Luisita Golf and Country Club in Tarlac City from 4 to 8 December 2019.
Adolf Bäuerle (real name Johann Andreas Bäuerle (9 or 10 April 1786 – 20 September 1859) was an Austrian writer, publisher and main representative of the .
After the death of his first wife in 1828 he married the actress on 3 May 1829, with whom he already had a relationship for years before.
Since his school days Bäuerle wrote, but it was not until 1852 that he was able to publish his first novel.
It formed of a stone base and shaft on a brick plinth; the cross itself is missing, but the shaft is topped with a ‘cornice-like’ stone.
The charter was granted by King Henry IV to the king and his heirs as Dukes of Lancaster, to be held at the ‘at the king’s town’.
The charter also granted two fairs, to be held on the vigil and feast of Andrew the Apostle (30 November) and the vigil and feast of Philip and James (1 May) (the ‘vigil’ was the day before the saint’s feast day).
Replacement in the 19th and 20th centuries means that only the socket stone and the lowest stone of the shaft may be medieval survivals.
The official listing of the market cross by Historic England states ‘the cornice-like stone at the top was added in 1833, when the old steps were removed’.
However, other accounts suggest the steps were removed, and the current brick base built, in the 1870s, at the time St Andrew's Church was being restored.
Some sources suggest the ‘cornice-like stone at the top’ is a representation of a ‘shepherd’s crown’, a flint fossil of a sea urchin, carried by downland shepherds for good luck.
In the First Word War, and again in the Second World War, the cross was considerably damaged when drunken Canadian soldiers climbed it.
A photograph from before 1900 shows the stone shaft intact; later post-war photographs show the rather crude repairs to the shaft where it had been broken.
Alfriston Parish Council decided to restore the cross once again, and the work was undertaken by a local building firm, H. Wilson.
Initially there was some difficulty in matching the sandstone from which the cross was built, which was thought to have come ‘from the sea shore at Eastbourne’.
However, Colonel R. V. Gwynne, the chairman of Eastbourne magistrates, realised that the stonework of an ancient tithe barn which stood on his land in the grounds of Wilmington Priory was an almost exact match both in colouring and texture.
To minimise the potential damage from future accidents, a solid concrete base was constructed within the rebuilt brick plinth, and the metal core of the shaft, inserted when it was last repaired, was retained.
The builders had the guide of the base and top to shape the shaft to, and anyone who did not know of the disaster would merely think it had been restored’.
The difference in the thickness of the shaft can be seen when comparing photographs of the market cross from before and after the accident in 1955.
In the Sussex Extensive Urban Survey (EUS) Historic Character Assessment Report for Alfriston (March 2008), the author, Roland Harris, remarked ‘The market cross at Alfriston may be a late medieval survival, although with a strong hint of the ship of Theseus paradox’; however, he recognised that ‘Notwithstanding the rebuilding, the cross is a rare feature … within Sussex’.
In the metaphysics of identity, the Ship of Theseus is a thought experiment that raises the question of whether an object that has had all its components replaced remains fundamentally the same object.
Tabrani was born in Pamekasan, Madura, on 10 October 1904 and he began his education at a MULO in Surabaya, before continuing to a AMS in Bandung.
During the Second Youth Congress of 1928, which resulted in the Youth Pledge, Tabrani was absent, as he was travelling and studying in Europe.
For some time, he also studied journalism in Berlin and Cologne, in addition to studying German stenography which he completed in 1929 at Den Haag.
Tabrani is often credited with the creation of the Indonesian language, and the Language Development Agency of the Ministry of Education of Culture proposed in 2019 that Tabrani be made a National Hero of Indonesia.
Földtani Közlöny, otherwise known in English as the Bulletin of the Hungarian Geological Society, is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles on or related to the geology and stratigraphy of the Carpathian-Pannonian region.
It is the official journal of the Hungarian Geological Society (Magyarhoni Földtani Társulat), made available online with the help of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTAK).
Augustine Albert, also known as Augustine Albert-Himm (28 August 1791 – after 1846) was a French opera singer who sang leading soprano roles at the Paris Opéra from 1806 to 1823.
The couple had two children, a son Alexander, and a daughter Elisa, both of whom became dancers of some note but never achieved the fame of their father.
The Observer Building on Cambridge Road, Hastings, designed by Henry Ward (architect) was the printworks and editorial offices associated with the Hastings and St Leonards Observer newspaper, housing the 500 editorial and administrative staff between 1924 and 1984.
The building itself, by nature of the, locally unique, fascia with the owner's name incorporated into the mouldings compared to the surrounding buildings, became a significant landmark for many residents in the town of Hastings, the building being described as 'The most imposing site in Hastings' in a BBC news report of 2006.
The building has a distinctive terracotta-glazed frontage produced by the brick company Ibstock Hathernware with concrete mezzanine flooring behind and was designed by Henry Ward.
Prior to construction, the site was occupied by terraced buildings similar to those further down the hill towards the town centre.
Following a move of the Observer offices to new premises on the outskirts of Hastings, the building fell into disrepair for a number of years.
A music rehearsal/recording studio did operate from the basement of the building circa 1991, but was otherwise unoccupied for some 34 years.
A developer purchased the building in 2014, but failed to come up with plans that were approved by the local council, resulting in the building being left vacant again.
Further plans were proposed to turn the building into student accommodation for students attending the local campus of Brighton University in 2016, again to not materialise when the University pulled out of Hastings.
In 2017, Hastings Borough Council approved plans for an artist studio on the lower ground floor, a residents’ gym on the mezzanine level and a restaurant and shop, plus 50 private flats and a private roof terrace.
Unfortunately these plans did not come to fruition and after some essential work had been carried out on the internal structure, together with some community-driven usage the building was put back on sale for £1.5 million.
Under the leadership of Jess Steele, White Rock Neighbourhood Ventures, the occupiers of Rock House Hastings, the more modern next-door building that also formed part of the Observer's property purchased the Observer building for £1.15 million in late 2018, with a ten-year plan to bring the building back into use.
These works are being carried out with funding provided by a number of local organisations and grants from organisations such as Big Issue Invest, Castlestone Investments, Hastings Borough Council and East Sussex County Council among others.
The lower floors of the building after minor repairs are being utilised for various local events, such as 'pop up' cinemas, art exhibitions, theatre and other events.
The Under 20 Elite League (aka European Elite League) is an age-restricted, under-20, association football (soccer) tournament for national U20 teams in Europe, that was founded in 2017.
Anisha Dzombe Basheel (born 1 September 1997) is a Malawian professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth female lightweight title since 2018 and the ABU female super-featherweight title since 2017.
Basheel made her professional debut on 5 April 2015, suffering a four round points decision loss to Ruth Chisale at the Robins Park Hall in Blantyre, Malawi.
After losing her first five fights, one by stoppage; a fourth-round technical knockout (TKO) to Lolita Muzeya in November 2015, she defeated Monalisa Sibanda by first-round TKO to score her first professional win.
Basheel then won her next five fights, all by stoppage, before facing Consolata Musanga for the inaugural ABU female super-featherweight title on 2 December 2017 at the Carnivore Grounds in Nairobi, Kenya, winning via ninth-round TKO.
For her next fight Basheel moved up in weight to face Sam Smith on 15 June 2018 at the York Hall, London, for the inaugural Commonwealth female lightweight title.
Basheel dropped her opponent less than 20 seconds after the opening bell; stunning Smith with a solid left hook and following up with two right hands to score the knockdown.
Smith rose to her feet to beat the referee's count of ten, only to be on the receiving end of several heavy blows.
The end came 1 minute and 10 seconds into the round after a solid jab sent Smith stumbling backwards into the ropes, causing referee Marcus McDonnell to wave the fight off.
A year later, Basheel challenged undefeated WBC Silver and former IBO female lightweight champion Chantelle Cameron on 20 July 2019 at the Brentwood Centre in Brentwood, Essex.
The fight was a WBC final eliminator with the winner earning a mandatory shot at the WBA, WBC, IBF, and WBO champion Katie Taylor for the undisputed lightweight title.
Basheel lost the fight by a shutout unanimous decision with two judges scoring the bout 100–89 and the third scoring it 100–90, all in favour of Cameron.
For the PALL 1st Anniversary show Demonio Infernal and Fresero Jr. will both risk their hair on the outcome of the main event match.
The fifth match of the night is scheduled to be a rematch between Internacional Pantera and the wrestler who won his mask in 2006, Misterioso Jr.
For the wrestlers PALL had a fund to help support wrestlers who were injured during a PALL sanctioned show as well as give them support in promoting them across Mexico.
The first co-promoted show under the PALL banner took place on August 31, 2018 in Arena Naucalpan, in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, owned by the IWRG.
The seeds for the shows main event was sown on September 16, 2019, when Fresero Jr. and his tag team partner Mr. Iguana defeated Demonio Infernal and Warrior Jr. after which Fresero Jr. made a challenge for Demonio Infernal's IWRG Rey del Ring Championship.
Two weeks later Demonio Infernal successfully defended the championship against Fresero Jr. On the October 27 IWRG show Fresero Jr. helped El Hijo de Canis Lupus defend the IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship]] against Demonio Infernal by interfering in the match.
On March 24, 2019, Aramís and Imposible defeated Heddi Karaoui and Death Metal to win the vacant IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship.
The duo defended the championship twice in the subsequent months, defeating Capo del Norte and Capo del Sur on April 10, and then El Hijo de Canis Lupus and Dragón Bane On April 28.
Pantera later left CMLL and began to wear his mask again, claiming that CMLL had not paid for the mask loss, thus he did not honor the stipulation of the match and resumed wrestling with the mask on.
The 57th Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estadio de Mexico show featured seven professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines.
The Barra Fan and Hebrides Terrace Seamount is the name given to a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area that lies in Scottish waters to the west of the Outer Hebrides, adjacent to the boundary with Ireland.
The Barra Fan is a geological protected feature of the North Atlantic Ocean to the west of the Scottish island of Barra.
The topography of the seabed in the Barra Fan was modified by the action of icebergs grounding on the seabed during the ice ages, and has also been affected by the action of oceanic currents.
The seamount of the Hebrides Terrace is thought to represent the remnant of an ancient volcano that rises to a height of almost 1 km above the surrounding seabed.
It lies to the west of the Barra Fan, and supports a diverse range of marine life, including cold-water corals and deep sea sponges.
The effect the seamount has on underwater currents is thought to ensure a good supply of food for many species of fish in the area, and the seamount is particularly associated with the orange roughy, a large long-living deep-sea fish.
The seamount is the location of a positive gravity anomaly that is thought to indicate the presence of an igneous body of rock some 17 km thick.
His family were members of the Society for Creative Anachronism, and Hatke spent a lot of time outdoors as a child.
Mother Song (German: Mutterlied) is a 1937 German-Italian musical drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Beniamino Gigli, Maria Cebotari and Hans Moser.
The name Summaron is used by Leica to designate camera lenses that have a maximum aperture of f/2.8 or f/3.5 or f/5.6.
It was manufactured until the 1960s and over 100,000 units were produced, making it one of the common Leica wide-angle lenses ever made.
The only thing in common between these lenses were that they were generally wide-angle and extremely small (sometimes referred to as pancake lenses).
Jay Harris (born 25 August 1990) is a Welsh professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth flyweight title since 2017 and the European flyweight title since 2019.
Harris made his professional debut on 27 July 2013 at the Newport Centre, Wales, scoring a four round points decision victory over Brett Fidoe.
After compiling a record of 9–0 (6 KO), he challenged Thomas Essomba for the Commonwealth flyweight title on 24 February 2017 at the York Hall, London.
Following three more wins, one by knockout (KO), he made the first defence of his Commonwealth title against Ross Murray on 3 November 2018 at the York Hall.
After a six round points decision win over Brett Fidoe in March 2019, he next fought former world title challenger Angel Moreno on 1 June at the Vale Sports Arena in Cardiff, with the vacant European flyweight title on the line.
All three judges scored the bout in favour of Harris, with the scorecards reading 120–108, 119–109 and 117–111, awarding Harris the European title via unanimous decision.
Four months later, he faced two-time Olympic bronze medalist and former world title challenger Paddy Barnes on 11 October at the Ulster Hall, Belfast, for the vacant IBF Inter-Continental flyweight title.
The fight was streamed live on ESPN+ in the United States and globally through YouTube channel iFL TV, with Harris capturing his third professional title with a fourth-round KO.
Harris, being the bigger of the two, used the height and reach difference to his advantage, boxing at range with sharp jabs and straight right hands.
In the final 60 seconds of round one, Harris landed a straight right hand to stun Barnes and send the former three-time Olympian reeling into the ropes.
After a follow up attack by Harris, Barnes fired back with a rapid ten punch combination, all of which were taken on the gloves by Harris.
Round two saw much of the same, Harris staying at range, continuing to land jabs and straight right hands to the head with Barnes having little success.
With Harris electing to fight at close quarters, Barnes began finding the target with hooks to the head and body, opening a cut above Harris' right eye.
In the final minute of the round, Harris landed a left hook to the body that dropped Barnes to undo the Irishman's previous success.
With Harris going back to fighting at range, Barnes took punishment throughout, finally being dropped with a left hook to the midsection.
Gatis Sprukts (born August 29, 1996) is a Latvian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for HK Zemgale of the Latvian Hockey Higher League.
He later played in the Alps Hockey League for EC Kitzbühel and in the FFHG Division 1 for Albatros de Brest before joining HK Zemgale on July 31, 2019.
Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by members of the German Gendarmerie (state rural police) in the villages Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka in occupied Poland.
On December 6, 1942, thirty-one Poles from the families of Kowalski, Kosior, Obuchiewicz and Skoczylas, among them women and children, were murdered for helping Jews.
After the Nazi occupation of Poland began, powiat of Iłża became a part of the Radom district of the General Government.
Although German authorities imposed death penalty for sheltering the Jews, relatively many Poles from the surroundings of Ciepielów and Lipsko engaged in the various form of support for the refugees.
According to historians Sebastian Piątkowski and Jacek Młynarczyk these phenomena could be explained by the fact that in this region during the pre-war period were no significant economic inequalities and competition among the Poles and Jews, and consequently, no serious ethnic tensions.
Among the Jews who were hiding in the forests were many young men who started to organize a small self-defence groups.
Communist Gwardia Ludowa which planned to establish its footholds in the Iłża region but at the same time faced a very little support among the Polish population, perceived those groups as the natural reservoir of manpower.
Its actions had no serious military significance, however local Nazi authorities became anxious and decided to organize a wide-range round-up in the forests.
German Gendarmerie (state rural police) liquidated three forest camps and killed around 120 Jewish refugees, and among them also a few ethnic Poles.
Most probably German policemen forced some Jews who were caught during the round-up to reveal the names of Polish families who supported them.
In consequence, Nazi authorities decided to conduct demonstrative repressive action with aim to intimidate the local population and discouraging Poles from providing any help to the Jews.
This task was entrusted to the subunit from 1st Motorized Gendarmerie Battalion which had its post in the folwark in Górki Ciepielowskie.
Around December 4, 1942, a Jewish woman came to the out-of-the-way farm of Jan Rusin in Stary Ciepielów and asked the owner to warn the families who helped Jews that Germans may come to arrest them.
Some witnesses claimed that shortly before the German action, the Jews who were hiding in the village left their shelters in Polish houses and went to the forest or to one of the neighbouring villages.
They went first to the farm of Antoni Sochaj which was located at the outskirts of village and ordered the owner to show them the farms of Adam Kowalski and Piotr Obuchiewicz.
In Kowalski's farm they caught the owner, his wife and five children, in Obuchiewicz's farm – the owner, his wife and four children, in Kosior's farm – the owner, his wife and six children.
It is unknown what they found in Kowalski's and Obuchiewicz's premises; however, it is certain that in the Kosior's farm they captured two Jewish men and found books written in Yiddish and Hebrew.
It is unlikely that looking from their hideouts in the nearby forest they did not realize that gendarmes are present in the village, so it is possible that they voluntarily surrendered in hope that in this way they would save their benefactors.
The gendarmes who had the car in their disposal, started the pursuit, caught the boy, and threw him (alive or dead) into the burning building.
The house of the latter was chosen as the place of next execution because it was located in some distance from the neighbouring farmhouses, so there was no risk that fire will spread across the village.
However, the gendarmes captured Piotr's mother-in-law, Marianna Kiścińska, his younger daughter Leokadia and ten-year-old Henryka Kordula – Leokadia's friend from neighbouring farm.
Gendarmes searched out the farm and found books which belonged to the Jewish refugees who were supported by the Skoczylas family.
Bierner was going to send a group of his men in search for Piotr Skoczylas and the rest of his children.
He was beaten, threatened by gun and then taken with two gendarmes as the escort with order to find father and bring him home.
In one of the neighbouring farm Józef accidentally met his younger brother Jan. His German escort did not recognize Jan, nevertheless they assumed that he must know Skoczylas family, so they ordered him to go with them and help identify Piotr.
According to the witnesses another son of Kosior tried to escape but after he ran around 200 meters he was shot.
Still unaware that Jan is the Piotr's son, they ordered the young man to go away and then took Piotr to the barn and shot him.
On December 6, 1942, German gendarmes from the post in Górki Ciepielowskie murdered 33 people in Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka, including 31 Poles and two Jews.
According to the German order bodies were not to be buried at the cemetery but in the pits near the victim's farms.
Stary Ciepielów i Rekówka massacre was the largest, but not the only execution conducted by the Gendarmerie unit from Górki Ciepielowskie during the pacification operation in Ciepielów region.
On 7 December the gendarmes raided the village of Świesielice and executed fourteen Poles, among them women and children, who were suspected of aiding the partisans.
Next day they came again to the village and murdered a Polish woman named Marianna Skwira who along with her husband was helping the Jewish refugees.
Finally, on January 11, 1943, in the village of Zajączków the gendarmes executed six Poles who were suspected of aiding the Jews.
The local people became ever less keen to help the Jews after the Chil Brawerman's group killed three Poles wrongly accused of collaboration with the Germans.
As the result, the vast majority of Jews who were hiding in the forests around Ciepielów did not survive the war.
In Ciepielów itself the only Jewish survivor was Dawid Sankowicz, who was sheltered by the Polish shoemaker Stanisław Lewandowski until the last day of German occupation.
Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre, along with the following executions in Świesielice and Zajączków, was one of the greatest crimes committed by Nazi-German occupants on Poles who helped Jews.
After the war, the remains of the people murdered during the massacre were exhumed and buried in the mass grave of the victims of German terror, located in Stary Ciepielów (close to the road leading to Tymienica Stara).
On October 19, 2009, members of the families Kowalski, Kosior, Obuchiewicz and Skoczylas were posthumously awarded by the Polish president Lech Kaczyński with the Order of Polonia Restituta Third Class.
In March 2012 Kowalski family, along with two other Polish families murdered by the Nazi-German occupants for helping the Jews, was commemorated by the commemorative coins issued by the National Bank of Poland.
In 1988, following an extended period of almost back to back film work, Needles went to India where he wandered alone for several months.
In 2000 (resuming his birth name Cornelius Delaney) he enrolled at university and in 2008 completed a PhD in Visual Art.
The reason to offer the same model P203 with the downsized 200 cc engine was to meet the legal permit of license free drivers and the vehicles exception from tax that time.
Vehicle variations with the 500 cc allowed for a payload of 0,75 metric tons, and variations with the 200 cc engine 0,5 metric tons.
Prices were from RM 1395 for the small engine flatbed to RM 2045 for the ambulance panel van with big engine.
He was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Shahada in the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
She took up a post as Technical Assistant at the National Museum of Ireland, and attended University College Dublin where she completed a BA, and in 1947 an MA, in Celtic Archaeology.
Prendergast spent her professional life working in the National Museum of Ireland, specialising in areas including burials of the later Neolithic period, prehistoric pottery and Early Bronze Age cist burials.
She remained deeply interested in the archaeology of County Kilkenny and was a regular contributor for the Old Kilkenny Review, and she was a member of the Irish Archaeological Society committee from 1945.
In addition to her involvement in history, Prendergast was known as a feminist and trade unionist, and a supporter of the Irish language.
Florin Ganea (4 April 1976 – 9 September 2015) was a Romanian professional footballer who played as a left back for teams such as FCM Bacău, Cetatea Târgu Neamț, Unirea Urziceni or Gloria Bistrița, among others.
He died tragically in 2015, at only 39 years old, when he suffered a heart attack during a five-a-side football match.
They played their first game in the summmer of 1905, although the team did not have kits, but played with knit caps in the club's colours.
Neset reached the fourth round of the Norwegian Cup in 1938, where they ere eliminated by Odd after a 2–0 defeat.
In 1940, the club made their best ever performance in the Norwegian Cup as they reached the fifth round, where they ere eliminated by Sarpsborg after a 3–1 defeat.
In the 1947–48 Norgesserien, the first post-war league season, Neset were among the 58 teams that relegated from the top division due to restructuring of the league system.
Neset played in the 2015 3. divisjon, but was relegated two consecutive times, first to the 4. divisjon and then to the 2017 5. divisjon.
When Mandi was twelve years old, his parents were excommunicated from their village Burughutu, Bankura because they bought two bighas of land from another farmer.
After this incident they could not talk to anybody, they could not use village well and their land was taken away.
Zeno Proca (1906 – 15 February 1936) was a Romanian chess player, two-times Romanian Chess Championship medalist (1926, 1927), unofficial Chess Olympiad team bronze medal winner (1926).
He was repeated participant in first third Romanian Chess Championships (1926, 1927, 1929) and won silver (1926) and bronze (1927) medals.
Jerzy Respondek (born 1977 in Ruda Śląska, Poland) is a Polish computer scientist and mathematician, professor at Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice.
In 2016 he obtained DSc from Poznan University of Technology, a widely recognized faculty, considered the most prestigious Polish department in computer science.
Respondek lectured in numerous universities, such as the mathematics department of the University of Pisa (Italy), computer departments of universities of Valencia (Spain), Nuremberg (Germany), Alcala (Spain) and the Department of Computer Science of the University of Manchester (UK), Alan Turing's domestic department.
He also delivered opening plenary lectures at world known mathematics and computer science conferences, like International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications and European Simulation and Modelling Conference.
As a delegate of these two groups he participated in the proceedings of the National Parliamentary Commission of Education, Science and Youth in Warsaw.
Respondek co-organized the meeting (18 April 2013, Warsaw) with the Nobel Prize Winner Prof. Robert Huber, German biochemist awarded in 1988 for Chemistry.
Since 2016 he shares his time between Poland and Brussels where he works in the European Research Executive Agency (REA) as an expert of the Era Chairs – a European program within the H2020 framework, designed to support European universities to hire outstanding scientists.
An economist by profession, Dawam was widely known for his uncompromising defence of minority groups and his advocacy for religious pluralism in Indonesian society.
Challenging the long held convictions propagated by the Islamic parties, they advocated for a more inclusive approach to Islam, which, they believed, was suitable for Indonesia as a diverse country.
Besides being known as the editor in chief of the social economics journal Prisma, the professor of economics at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang has also been the Director of one of the largest national think tanks, namely the Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Information (LP3ES).
Dawam Rahardjo also served as a member of the Honorary Board of the Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) and founded and led the Institute for the Study of Religion and Philosophy (LSAF), and was involved in many other institutions.
He has a high sense of honesty, but due to his very particular way of solving problems, he is regularly berated by his superior, Major Malagón (Wolf Ruvinskis).
Many other stories take place through the course of the film, such as high-speed races in which wealthy young men participate in public roads and end in disgrace, and a robbery at a high society party.
In the climax of the film, Bravo and his partner stop near the Tlalpan road a band from which they confiscate high-powered weapons, including grenades.
To prevent the escape of criminals, Bravo uses one of the seized grenades to blow up a truck full of drugs.
Bravo is congratulated by his superiors and the film ends in a formal ceremony in which he is promoted to Lieutenant, with the police contingent activating the sirens of his vehicles as a sign of respect.
In 2019, she was part of two remarkable films that include Machchhu, based on the true events of Machchhu Dam disaster and Hellaro, which is a Gujarati period drama film.
The film has been theatrically released in India on 8 November 2019 to positive reviews and her acting is appreciated by the audiences.
The wushu competition at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the World Trade Center in Pasay, Metro Manila from 1 to 3 December 2019.
Alejandro Dávila Cordero, at that time judge of the Supreme Court of Justice, proposed her the position of judge of the Salcedo district and Leon Cordero also accepted that, so on August 17, 1947 she became the first judge in the history of Ecuador.
She held the position for 31 years and during that period of time she emphasized her work on causes that affected the most unprotected people.
In March 2003, she was condecorated for her career path by the president of the Supreme Court of Justice, Armando Bermeo.
She was also part of the Association of Contemporary Writers of Ecuador, who subsequently baptized her annual poetry contest with her name.
In March 2004 she received the Valdivia award for her literary career path, delivered by women's organizations in the country, including the Commission of Women, Children and the Family of the National Congress.
The Swedish noble familes of Wachtmeister, which originated from Hans Wachtmeister, who from Livonia came to Sweden and was ennobled in 1578.
Count Hans Wachtmeister af Johannishus' grandson's son, the Lord High Steward Carl Axel Wachtmeister, adopted, with the support of a royal letter on 5 April 1808, after his mother he took up the entailed estate of Trolleberg, the name Trolle-Wachtmeister.
This name, along with the Trolle coat of arms in conjunction with that of the Wachtmeister coat of arms, must be borne by his descendant of the Wachtmeister family, who holds the mentioned entailed estate (the right of the entailed estate was transferred in 1830 from Trolleberg to Ljungby, later called Trolle-Ljungby).
The film features Mohan and Shubha Poonja in lead roles, with J. Livingston, Venniradai Moorthy, Manobala, Anu Mohan, M. S. Bhaskar, R. N. R. Manohar, P. Soundara Rajan and Gemini Balaji playing supporting roles.
In Chennai, men and women are mysteriously killed and the police cannot find a single clue to catch the serial killer.
Later, the police cast suspicion on Nandakumar (Mohan), an innocent single man, who runs a resort on the coastal road and believe that he is a dangerous sexual predator.
Nandakumar has no rooms but he is under pressure to keep her in his own room in order to gain money and repay his loans.
Vandana tries to seduce Nandakumar on multiple occasions by wearing sexy dresses and exposing her body but she fails every time.
Vandana finally realises that Nandakumar is an innocent man who has nothing do with that case and she falls in love with him.
Thereafter, Vandhana finds the culprit: the local church father (R. N. R. Manohar) who lives in a church near the resort of Nandakumar.
He tells her that he is not a real church father and he killed the victims for having an extramarital affair or premarital sex.
The police then free Vandana and she reveals that the fake church father is the killer thus the man is arrested.
The soundtrack features 5 tracks and it was released on 16 July 2008 at the radio station Hello FM in Chennai.
The audio launch was attended by actors Mohan, Shaam, M. S. Bhaskar, the film director G. K., the music director Sri Sam and lyricist Snehan.
He argued that the novelty of the motor car would wear away, and horse-drawn carriages would increase in popularity, particularly for leisure use.
He was knighted in 1907, and in 1908 was elected as the President of the National Liberal Federation, serving until 1911.
He was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Chalisgaon in the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
Elections to local municipal councils were held across Venezuela on May 9, 1948, except for the Federal District and the Federal Territories were local authorities had been elected in December 1947.
These were the first municipal elections with direct universal and secret suffrage held separately from the national presidential or legislative elections.
COPEI won the election in the Tachira state and its local affiliate the Republican Federal Union won the polls in the Mérida state.
Most of the COPEI votes came from these two states, where the party won majorities in almost all of the municipal councils.
In the main event then-IWRG Intercontinental Lightweight Champion Dr. Cerebro defeated El Hijo del Diablo to win the WWS World Welterweight Championship in a match where both championships were on the line.
The show saw several substations compared to the originally announced event, Oficial 911 worked both his scheduled match as well as substituting Veneno in the fourth match of the night.
Dr. Cerebro would successfully defend the WWS World Welterweight Championship against Decnnis on September 16, 2010, but ended up losing the championship to Multifacetico on June 2, 2011.
During school, she interned as an on-air reporter at WICS-TV in Springfield, Illinois (where her cousin, Maira Ansari, was a reporter), WTHR-TV in Indianapolis, and GEO-TV in Pakistan.
After school, she accepted a position as investigative reporter and fill-in anchor at WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana where she was nominated for an Emmy award for an investigative report on voyeurism.
Pu Jiexiu (Chinese:浦洁修 ; November 1907 - 13 January 2000) was a Chinese entrepreneur and former Vice Chair of the Central Committee of the China National Democratic Construction Association.
In 1946 she worked as an engineer at Peiping Industrial Laboratory and later became the manager of the Peiping Zhenbei Tanning Company.
In the 1940s Jiexiu continued to hold managerial posts in tanning companies in Beijing and was appointed to a number of directorships including of local Women's Federations and the Beijing Grain Bureau.
During the Anti-Rightist Campaign in 1957 Jiexiu denounced her sister Pu Xixiu - a journalist with Wenhui Bao - of being 'a rightist'.
From 1979 to 1993 Pu Jiexiu served as the Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Beijing.
This is a list of Bangladesh's official representatives and their placements at the Big Four international beauty pageants, considered the most important in the world.
The archaeological assemblage identified with this culture is related to the finds from the middle Volga and Kama basin, indicating that they originated from the east.
Like other groups with forest origin such as the Garin-Bor and other northern cultures, the Volosovo lived in the forest steppes of the Volga-Ural region, particularly the area of the present-day Samara oblast.
Since the discovery of the Volosovo culture, it has been investigated extensively but it remains controversial due to some unresolved aspects, particularly the chronology of its history, cultural attributes, origin, and ethnic affiliations.
For example, it was believed that Volosovo was a separate cultural entity but other studies show that it is related to cultures associated with the Volga and Kama basin.
The stone and ceramic artifacts that are used to describe the Volosovo culture were from the semisubterranean dwellings, which are often situated in river floors and within the area of lakes.
The upper level, which is considered the actual Volosovo phase, included ceramics that were distinct from the pit-marked pottery as well as those attributed to contemporaneous cultures such as the Fatyanovo culture.
Based on excavated artifacts, the Volosovo culture first used stones and bone tools and were particularly adept at bone carving and sculpture.
A small art emerged, one that has been considered rich and diverse as demonstrated by the varied flaked flint sculptures that represented the human form.
A late Volosovo culture emerged later on and this phase was associated with the sites located in the upper Volodary and Panfilovo.
There is evidence that the Volosovo culture had extensive contacts with other cultures such as the Balanovo culture, a group considered to be the metal-working aspect of the eastern Fatyanovo.
Evidence showed that the late Volosovo phase also had extensive contact with the Abashevo population, helping spread cattle-breeding economies as well as metallurgy among the northern forest cultures.
Though DDT also runs the annual D-Oh Grand Prix tournament, the King of DDT is different in that it is single-elimination, whereas the D-Oh Grand Prix is a round-robin.
Like the D-Oh Grand Prix however, the winner of the tournament usually receives a shot at the KO-D Openweight Championship; this stipulation was added in 2009.
The KO-D Openweight Champion at the time of the tournament does not participate and, since 2018, neither do the Right to Challenge Anytime, Anywhere Contract holders.
After the first two editions in 2004 and 2005, DDT produced three annual King of DDT events from 2006 to 2008 which featured no tournament.
On the first day of the tournament, Yusuke Inokuma defeated Jun Inomata and Yoshihiko in a qualifying match to earn a spot in the tournament.
Kota Ibushi, the winner of the tournament, went on to defeat Harashima for the championship on August 23, beginning his first reign with the title.
Harashima, the winner of the tournament, went on to defeat Daisuke Sekimoto for the championship on July 25, beginning his fourth reign with the title.
Kudo, the winner of the tournament, became the first two-time winner and went on to defeat Shuji Ishikawa for the championship on July 24, beginning his first reign with the title.
Kenny Omega became the first non-Japanese to win the King of DDT Tournament and went on to fail in his challenge against KO-D Openweight Champion Kota Ibushi on August 18.
Harashima, the winner of the tournament became the second two-time winner and went on to defeat Shigehiro Irie for the championship on August 18, beginning his fifth reign with the title.
Isami Kodaka, the winner of the tournament went on to fail in his three-way challenge against Kenny Omega and KO-D Openweight Champion Harashima on August 17.
Yukio Sakaguchi, the winner of the tournament went on to defeat Kudo for the championship on August 23, beginning his first reign with the title.
Shuji Ishikawa, the winner of the tournament went on to defeat Konosuke Takeshita for the championship on August 28, beginning his fourth reign.
Three days later, it was announced that Daiki Shimomura would be pulled out of the tournament after injuring his left MCL; he was replaced by Saki Akai.
Six days later, Konosuke Takeshita pulled out of the tournament after suffering a shoulder injury and was replaced by Kazuki Hirata.
This edition featured 14 participants and a battle royale between six of the seven first round losers was held on the second day with the winner getting a bye to the second round.
Konosuke Takeshita, the winner of the tournament went on to defeat Tetsuya Endo for the championship on July 15, beginning his fourth reign with the title.
Located along Geylang East Avenue 1 within walking distance of Aljunied MRT station, it serves the residents of the Eastern areas of Aljunied, Geylang East, Geylang West, Geylang Serai, Jalan Besar, Eunos, Kampong Ubi, Kallang, MacPherson, Lavender, Kaki Bukit and Sims Drive.
Geylang East Community Library was officially opened on 26 July 1988 by Wong Kan Seng, then Minister for Community Development and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs.
The library was closed on 18 March 2002 for the installation of the new Electronic Library Management System, and was officially reopened on 29 April that year.
Covering an area of 3,817 m, the library spans three levels and serves the residents of the Eastern areas of Aljunied, Geylang East, Geylang West, Geylang Serai, Jalan Besar, Eunos, Kampong Ubi, Kallang, MacPherson, Lavender, Kaki Bukit and Sims Drive.
She was crowned by the 2018 titleholder, from Sarawak, Larissa Ping on October 6, 2019 at Mega Star Arena, Kuala Lumpur.
The plaintiff in that case was Gwyneth Bebb, who was expected to be the first female to be called to the bar but died before that could happen.
In 1922 Carrie Morrison, Mary Pickup, Mary Sykes, and Maud Crofts became the first women in England to qualify as solicitors; Morrison was the first of them admitted as a solicitor.
Later that year Ivy Williams was the first woman called to the bar (although she never practiced), and Helena Normanton became the first practising female barrister in the UK.
Williams was also the first woman to teach law at an English university, whilst Normanton, along with Rose Heilbron, were the first two female barristers to be appointed Kings Counsel, in 1949.
Valeriu Gafencu (24 January 1921 – 18 February 1952) was a Romanian Orthodox theologian and Legionnaire who was active during the Legionary Rebellion.
Known as the Saint of the Prisons (a nicknamed bestowed upon him by Nicolae Steinhardt), the Romanian Orthodox Church is considering his canonization.
He serves as Professor and Deputy Dean at the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, and as Deputy Director of the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology.
In 2000 he joined the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, becoming professor in 2006 and deputy dean in 2015.
Berk Demir (born May 18, 1995) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as power forward for Darüşşafaka of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
This is a list of Kazakhstan's official representatives and their placements at the Big Four international beauty pageants, considered the most important in the world.
Stefan Roth (born on March 13, 1977 in Mainz, Germany) is a German computer scientist, professor of computer science and dean of the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
His research focuses on recognition and tracking of people and objects, scene understanding, statistical image modeling and processing and motion modeling and prediction.
From 2007 to 2013 he was assistant professor and since 2013 professor at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt, where he heads the Visual Inference Lab.
In 2005, he became associate member of Sigma Xi and received honorable mention for the Marr Prize at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).
In 2010, Roth was awarded the Olympus Prize of the German Association for Pattern Recognition (DAGM), the highest German award for researchers in the areas of pattern recognition, image processing and computer vision.
Plans to increase the capacity for shipping containers have been created and as of January 2014, construction was underway to add storage 9 kilometers away.
Government officials, especially former prime minister Dr. Mari Alkatiri, are concerned with how sea level rise (SLR) will affect the port.
Once completed, the Dili sea port is projected to make the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste a position of relatively high income by 2030.
Doğuş Özdemiroğlu (born May 18, 1995) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Point guard for Darüşşafaka of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
Barton was born in County Fermanagh and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was Archdeacon of Ferns from 1798 until his death.
Francisco Rodríguez de Valcárcel (23 May 1590 – 18 Jun 1651) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cartagena (1649–1651).
The Scotian was a named Canadian passenger train route that ran between Montreal, Quebec and Halifax, Nova Scotia and operated by Canadian National Railways and later Via Rail Canada.
In 1978, Via Rail took control of CN passenger service and began negotiations with Canadian Pacific Railway to obtain their passenger service.
Barton was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was Rector of Maryborough then Archdeacon of Ferns from 1757 until his 1767.
Robertson Street Congregational Church (since 1972, the Robertson Street United Reformed Church) is a former United Reformed church in the centre of Hastings, a seaside town and borough in East Sussex, England.
Built in 1885 on the site of an earlier church which had been constructed in 1857, it was designed by Henry Ward (1854–1927), who was responsible for many of the key buildings in the town of Hastings, not least the Town Hall.
It was acquired by a Pentecostal Christian group, who had outgrown their church premises elsewhere in the borough, and is still an active place of worship with the name His Place Church.
C. New, one of the most important figures in Hastings' Congregationalist community at the time, was instrumental in getting a new church funded and built after the congregation had out-grown the original building and extensive repairs were required in any case.
The construction contract was put out to tender; bids ranged from £6,526 to £8,240, and the chosen contractor was John Howell with a bid of £7,090.
Whilst the congregation had no church to worship in, services were held at various locations throughout the town, including The Gaiety Theatre and Hastings Pier pavilion.
The Memorial stone was laid on 11 September 1884 at 3:30pm, with a large crowd of people, mainly members of the congregation and worthies such as the Mayor, Alderman Thorpe and a number of Pastors and Ministers of surrounding churches.
When the time came to lay the stone, one of the leading Congregationalists of the time, Mr Spicer was presented with a silver trowel to lay the stone.
The present Sedlescombe United Reformed Church and the former Robertsbridge United Reformed Church opened in 1879 and 1881 respectively in the villages of Sedlescombe and Robertsbridge, north of Hastings.
Over the course of just under ten years, he had attracted nearly 400 new members which was reflected in the church roll exceeding 400 by 1955.
In the years that followed, the church became a centre of evangelism, with particular credit being given to the quality of its youth and children's work, under the guidance of Kay Mozely.
Brian Bowyer came to the church and was able to see the church through difficult days when major faults were discovered in the roof.
A mammoth fundraising effort saw the roof repaired in time for a wedding within the church family to take place in the sanctuary as planned.
However, the local churches reflected the national trend of declining numbers, and new patterns of providing ministry for the area were constantly being sought.
The membership of Robertson Street fell from 42 in January 2010 to 28 at the time of closure in December 2012, mainly as a result of deaths.
From January 2012, the congregation began exploring its future, ahead of the Local Mission & Ministry Review (LMMR) process due to take place later in the year.
In its time, Robertson Street URC was an engine for evangelism; it hosted meetings of the local committee of the London Missionary Society as well as the Hastings Council of Churches.
The church was registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855; its number on the register was 28925.
Until its closure, Robertson Street United Reformed Church was in that denomination's Southern Synod, one of 13 Synods in Great Britain.
As of 2010 the Synod was responsible for 168 United Reformed churches in southeast England, including Robertson Street and three others in the Borough of Hastings: Clive Vale, St Luke's and St Mark's.
Since 2014, the building has been owned by His Place Church under the Reverend Chris Sears, His Place having outgrown its existing premises at Duke Road which had been its base for 19 years.
Current usages alongside the church include a cafe, a theatre, a 'safe space', mental health support groups and many other community groups.
The windows and stonework, together with ironwork require repairs costing in excess of £750,000 with additional repairs needed to the Robertson Street entrance.
Much of the interior finish has been damaged due to damp ingress (both from the roof which has now been repaired, and leaking/insufficient number of gutters and downpipes).
In addition to the usage as a place of worship the venue is also utilised as a theatre - the Opus Theatre under the direction of Polo Piatti.
A monumental staircase extends up from the Robertson Street entrance after passing a hall which is currently used as a cafeteria.
A rear stair and stairs with wrought iron balustrades lead into the horseshoe shaped gallery which repeats the curved pews with under-pew heating.
It was planned that the basement (which was subdivided into a deacon's vestry, the minister's vestry, the choir vestry, a general vestry, a large hall and lavatories) could be utilised by the Young Mens Christian Association in addition to providing classrooms and meeting rooms.
The galleries, pews, ceiling and roof were made out of pitch pine, with the walls being finished utilising Parian cement (a fast drying cement with borax added to the mix).
The church features a Forster and Andrews two console organ with highly ornamented pipes mounted unusually above the altar behind the minister.
Some pipes are currently stored laying down due to deterioration in the mountings and other stops are believed to be inoperable.
The winners get to represent Japan at the men's and women's World Curling Championships, and as basically, winners also get to represent Japan at the next season's Pacific-Asia Curling Championships.
However, restricted the name of the teams that could be only used skip's surname, organization name, association name, residential regional name or school name for the championships from 2005.
There are currently 32 active gas fired combined cycle power plants operating in the United Kingdom which have a total generating capacity of 30.2GW.
In 2016 gas fired power stations generated a total of 127 TWh of electricity, this has dropped to 119 TWh in 2017, 115 TWh in 2018 and 114 TWh in 2019.
The decline in total gas generation is largely due to the increase in renewables outweighing the decline of coal and an overall reduction in demand.
In 1961, Paladino was appointed as Director of Education for the ICFTU Inter American Regional Organisation of Workers, then in 1962 he became its assistant general secretary and director of organization.
In 1964, he moved to become deputy assistant director of the American Institute for Free Labor Development, with responsibility for planning and organization.
In 1967, Paladino was appointed as assistant general secretary of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), with the strong support of AFL-CIO President, George Meany.
He was given charge of the Department of Organization, with responsibility for relationships with the international trade secretariats, vocational training and co-operative enterprises.
In 1970, the AFL-CIO withdrew from the ICFTU, and Paladino resigned his post, instead becoming director of the Asian-American Free Labor Institute.
In the study of artificial neural networks (ANNs), the neural tangent kernel (NTK) is a kernel which describes the evolution of deep artificial neural network during their training by gradient descent.
It bridges the study of ANNs with the tools of Kernel Methods theory and to probe the behavior of ANNs in the so-called large-width limit.
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with scalar output consists in a family of functions formula_1 parametrized by a vector of parameters formula_2.
The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is a kernel formula_3 defined by formula_4In the language of kernel methods, the NTK formula_5 is the kernel associated with the feature map formula_6.
An ANN with vector output of size formula_7 consists in a family of functions formula_8 parametrized by a vector of parameters formula_2.
When optimizing the parameters formula_2 of an ANN to minimize an empirical loss through gradient descent, the NTK governs the dynamics of the ANN output function formula_14 throughout the training.
The NTK formula_34 represents the influence of the loss gradient formula_35 with respect to example formula_36 on the evolution of ANN output formula_37 through a gradient descent step: in the scalar case, this readsformula_38In particular, each data point formula_39 influences the evolution of the output formula_37 for each formula_41 throughout the training, in a way that is captured by the NTK formula_34.
Recent theoretical and practical advances in Deep Learning have shown the continual improvement of performance of ANNs as their widths get larger.
Consider a ANN with fully-connected layers formula_43 of widths formula_44, so that formula_45, where formula_46 is the composition of an affine transformation formula_47 with the pointwise application of a nonlinearity formula_48, where formula_49 parametrizes the maps formula_50.
The scale of the NTK as the widths grow is affected by the exact parametrization of the formula_47's and by the initialization of the parameters.
This parametrization ensures that if the parameters formula_2 are initialized as standard normal variables, the NTK has a finite nontrivial limit.
The NTK formula_55 is explicitly given by formula_57, where formula_58 is determined by the set of recursive equations:formula_59formula_60formula_61formula_62formula_63 where formula_64 denotes the kernel defined in terms of the Gaussian expectation:formula_65 In this formula the kernels formula_66 are the so-called activation kernels of the ANN.
The NTK can be studied for various ANN architectures, in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformer Neural Networks.
In such settings, the large-width limit corresponds to letting the number of parameters grow, while keeping the number of layers fixed: for CNNs, this amount to letting the number of channels grow.
For a convex loss functional formula_21 with a global minimum, if the NTK remains positive-definite during training, the loss of the ANN formula_68 converges to that minimum as formula_69.
This positive-definiteness property has been shown in a number of cases, yielding the first proofs that large-width ANNs converge to global minima during training.
The NTK gives a rigorous connection between the inference performed by infinite-width ANNs and that performed by kernel methods: when the loss function is the least-squares loss, the inference performed by an ANN is in expectation equal to the kernel ridge regression (with zero ridge) with respect to the NTK formula_55.
This suggests that the performance of large ANNs in the NTK parametrization can be replicated by kernel methods for suitably chosen kernels.
Neural Tangents is a free and open-source Python library used for computing and doing inference with the NTK corresponding to various common ANN architectures.
The son of actress Hilde Maroff, he appeared as a child actor in a number of Nazi era films during the 1930s.
This was going to be the case in Colorado but advertising executive Robert Ardini filed on the first day permitted, triggering a law that states the primary cannot be cancelled if more than one person has filed.
Ardini was followed by perennial candidate Rocky de la Fuente, former governor Bill Weld, incumbent Donald Trump, Matthew John Matern, Joe Walsh, and Zoltan Istvan.
De La Fuente, who was on the list when the ballot order was being decided, was not on the final ballot list.
The current league champions are the Leicester Lions, who beat the Glasgow Tigers in the 2019 SGB Championship play-off final, and then completed an excellent 2019 SGB Championship debut season by winning two major trophies.
Sheffield Tigers moved up a division to the SGB Premiership in 2020, with two new teams joining the 2020 SGB Championship: the Poole Pirates who dropped down from the SGB Premiership.
However, Plymouth Gladiators' application to join the 2020 SGB Championship was turned down at the British Speedway Promoters’ Association 2020 AGM.
The biggest change was that teams were grouped by regions with teams in each league regional group racing against each twice home and away and then once home and away against teams from the league regional group.
The Northern Group consists of Berwick, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Newcastle, Redcar and Scunthorpe, whilst the Southern Group consists of Birmingham, Leicester, Eastbourne, Kent, Poole and Somerset.
It has been under construction since the past 40 years and was scheduled to open in 15 January 2020, but was delayed due to ongoing work.
Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 31E (US 31E) in Mount Washington and its northern terminus is at KY 44 in Mount Washington.
It features a 24 Megapixels full-frame CMOS sensor (with a top ISO of 6400), Leica's Maestro processor, and a 2GB buffer for sustained burst capture.
The camera is essentially a Leica M (Typ 240) but is made with alloy metals which is lighter than the usual brass top and bottom plates.
Its western terminus is at KY 44 in Mount Washington and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 31EX (US 31EX) in Mount Washington.
During World War II, he volunteered as an air raid warden, then spent the last two years in the British Army, based in the UK.
In the late 1940s, McDermid had two bouts of tuberculosis, and in 1950 he moved to Stonehouse, hoping that the cleaner air there would improve his health.
He worked locally as a quantity surveyor, and became active in the Congregational Union of Scotland, serving on its building committee.
In 1967, McDermid was elected to Hamilton District Council as an independent, but in 1970 he decided to join the Liberal Party.
He stood unsuccessfully for the party in Lanark at the October 1974 and 1979 UK general elections, and also in the high-profile 1978 Hamilton by-election, at which he took only 2.6% of the vote.
In 1980, he was elected as chair of the Scottish Liberal Party, then in 1982 he moved to become its president.
He was also known as an expert on Robert Burns and for the votes of thanks he was invited to give at many events.
Max Henry Ferrars (28 October 1846 – 7 February 1933) was a British colonial officer, author, photographer and university lecturer, mainly active in British Burma and later, in Freiburg, Germany.
Among many other observations, the authors also took photographs of popular sports and other pastimes of the Burmese people, for example boat races, gambling or the Burmese form of chess.
In 1896, Ferrars returned to Europe and took up residence in the university town of Freiburg on the outskirts of the Black Forest in southern Germany.
The Ferrars' collection still constitutes the key part of the museum's holdings on the culture of Burma, presenting over 100 items, among them a large group of traditional and rare Burmese marionettes, pieces of Burmese laquerware and parts of the wooden door of a Buddhist monastery.
In his new surroundings, he continued his travels and documentary photography, as is shown by his photograph of a group of girls in a village in the Black Forest.
According to the information given in German on the museum's webpage, Ferrars' position as a British university lecturer in Germany became difficult during the years of World War I.
467 half-plate glass negatives of photographs taken with a plate camera of the time by the Ferrars couple, illustrating their book on Burma, have been archived by the Royal Geographical Society, London, and more than 300 of them are available online.
Sofía Carolina Carchipulla Enríquez (born 3 February 1990) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays as a midfielder for CSD Independiente del Valle.
Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case from the October 2018 term.
In a split opinion, the Court held that the state of Virginia's ban on uranium mining did not conflict with the Atomic Energy Act.
This case is significant because of its strong impact on environmentalism as well as its discussion of the interplay between state's rights and federal supremacy.
Coles Hill, Virginia, in Pittsylvania County is the location of one of the largest known uranium deposits in the United States and the seventh largest uranium deposit in the world.
The site's main uranium lode was discovered in 1979 on private land owned by the descendants of Walter Coles, who are now the founders and owners of Virginia Uranium, Incorporated.
Though VUI owned the land containing the proposed uranium mine, it was barred from mining as a result of 1982 law banning uranium mining.
The law, which Virginia enacted a few years after the notorious Three Mile Island disaster in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state of Virginia adopted a ban on uranium mining in 1982.
Though VUI claimed that its proposed mining site would have generated up to $4.8 billion in net revenue for Virginia businesses, environmental groups criticized the plans, noting that uranium mining contributed to increased cancer rates, acidification of waterways, and air pollution.
State Senators John Watkins and Richard Saslaw sponsored a bill that would have created a licensing scheme for issuing uranium permits in 2013.
However, following the election of Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe and his vow to veto any effort to lift the uranium ban, VUI decided to pursue a judicial remedy instead.
Broadly speaking, the development of uranium is a three step process: physically mining the uranium from the ground; milling the ore to produce yellowcake (urania); and safely securing the waste material (known as 'tailings').
The federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954 confers the responsibility for regulating the second and third steps of the process (milling ore to create yellowcake and storing the tailings) to the United States Atomic Energy Commission (now the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) following the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974).
VUI's argument is that Virginia's ban on mining was in fact motivated by health and safety concerns related to milling ore and storing the waste.
Though VUI conceded that the state had the authority to regulate mining, they argued that the Virginia General Assembly's improper motivation for passing the law meant that it should be prempted by the federal Atomic Energy Act and the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution.
Judge Jackson L. Kiser of the Western District granted Virginia's motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, ruling in part that the Atomic Energy Act did not conflict with Virginia's ban on uranium mining.
Though the District Court acknowledged that prior Supreme Court precedent required states to have a non-safety rationale to regulate activities that were within the NRC's purview, it also determined that first phase of uranium development (mining) was not covered by the AEA.
VUI appealed again, this time to the United States Supreme Court, which granted a writ of certiorari agreeing to hear the case on May 21, 2018.
The majority opinion, authored by Justice Neil Gorsuch and joined by Justices Clarence Thomas and Brett Kavanaugh, held that the Virginia moratorium on uranium mining was not preempted by the federal Atomic Energy Act.
Gorsuch's opinion emphasized that the plain language of the Atomic Energy Act was that it regulated activity only after the uranium was removed from the earth, leaving regulation of mining activity to the states.
Gorsuch also rejected the approach of examining the state legislature's purpose for enacting the ban, stating that such an inquiry would generate unnecessary inconsistencies and intrude on the state legislature's ability to have a free and open debate.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, writing for herself and for Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, wrote a separate opinion concurring with Gorsuch's final judgment.
However, they did not join the part of Gorsuch's opinion which discussed role of inquiring into the state legislature's purpose, which they viewed as falling outside the scope of the case.
Roberts asserted that the majority failed to reckon with whether a state could indirectly regulate a preempted activity (such as the milling and storage of uranium) by regulating a non-preempted activity (such as mining).
Geologica Carpathica is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original research on the geology of the Carpathian-Balkanian and adjacent regions.
It is an official journal of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association, and is co-published with the support of the Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, the Polish Geological Insitute, and the Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
Antanas Varnelis (1971 – September 28, 1994) was a Lithuanian serial killer who killed six people and attempted to kill three more between July and December 1992, in several municipalities around the country (Kelmė, Šiauliai, Raseiniai, Šakiai and Jurbarkas).
He was later executed for these crimes, the fifth of seven people executed before the capital punishment was abolished in Lithuania.
Varnelis was born on January 1, 1971 in the village of in the Telšiai District, in a family with six more children (three boys and three girls).
The family was dysfunctional: both parents were alcoholics and all of their children, including young Antanas, were sent to various homes.
He was prone to theft and asocial behavior, for which, at the age of 11, he was transferred to a specialized boarding school for difficult teenagers in the town of Gelgaudiškis.
In August 1987, at the age of 16, Varnelis was first convicted of stealing 12 beer bottles and a chicken from grocery store.
He underwent an examination in a psychiatric hospital in , where he was diagnosed with mild intellectual disability with pronounced psychopathic tendencies but was judged competent to stand trial.
Just a few months later, he robbed a passer-by, stealing his wallet, and was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment in Pravieniškės.
After his release, Varnelis cohabited with an acquaintance from the orphanage, but soon quarreled with him and left for his older brother Pranas, who worked on a private farm in Gelgaudiškis.
While in Gelgaudiškis, in June 1992, under the threat of a knife, Varnelis attempted to rape a 13-year-old local resident, also stealing a loaf of bread and 300 rubles from her.
They did receive a description of Varnelis and were able to prepare a facial composite from two men that Varnelis sold the stolen items to.
At the end of August 1992, Varnelis arrived in the town of Šimkaičiai in the Jurbarkas District, where he met a friend from the orphanage and got a job working with him on a farm.
Varnelis was almost caught red-handed at the site: while he was still in the house cooking eggs, a relative of the victim arrived to check upon the old man.
On November 14, near the village of in the Kelmė District, Varnelis killed for the 4th time – another lonely pensioner, from whom he stole a bicycle, a raincoat, a coffee grinder, hair spray, several bottles of homemade wine and groceries.
The body of the 68-year-old woman, who was hit a total of nine times with an axe, was found a week later covered by straws.
Between November 20 and 21, near in the Šiauliai District, Varnelis broke into an empty house but did not find anything of value.
He then separately attacked two villagers with an axe – a 48-year-old man who was robbed of his motorbike and a 69-year-old woman who was robbed of 6,000 talonas.
On December 5, in the village of in the Raseiniai District, Varnelis killed two women, a 92-year-old woman and her 68-year-old daughter-in-law.
He remained in the house overnight drinking found champagne, and on leaving, he stole several bottles of alcohol, two pairs of watches, two gold wedding rings, groceries and 15,000 talonas.
On the evening of December 21, 1992, in the village of in the Kaunas District, Varnelis was identified by locals based on his tattoos.
At the trial, Varnelis' defense focused on his disability, difficult childhood, and the fact that he confessed and cooperated with the police.
In his final statement, Varnelis asked the court that, taking into account all the mentioned circumstances, he be sentenced to life imprisonment.
However, on February 1, 1994, the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, chaired by , found the 23-year-old Varnelis guilty of all charges and sentenced him to be executed by shooting.
His clemency petition was rejected by the President of Lithuania Algirdas Brazauskas on September 16, and Varnelis was executed on September 28, 1994 in Vilnius.
Colmar Grünhagen was born in Trebnitz (as Trzebnica was then known) and grew up in Breslau (as Wrocław was known before 1944/45).
Between 1841 and 1847 he was a pupil initially at Breslau's St. Maria Magdalena Gymnasium (secondary school) and then at the .
During 1850 he studied briefly at the University of Breslau before moving on again, this time to the University of Halle.
Meanwhile it was from the University of Halle that on 21 December 1850 Grünhagen received his doctorate for a piece of work on the pontiff who famously (for historians) launched the First Crusade with a powerful sermon preached on a hillside just outside Clermont on 27 November 1095, Pope Urban II.
At Easter 1853 he began work as a teaching assistant at the Friedrichs-Gymnasium (secondary school) in the city, becoming a full teacher there a few months later.
The prestigious titles dated back to the late medieval period, but the core responsibilities of the head of the archives department appear to have remained broadly constant.
Through his long tenure in these positions and as a result of the impressive quantity and detail of his output on Silesian history, Grünhagen became highly influential in his chosen specialist field, as well as with the Historical Association and the historian community more broadly.
On 18 December 1866 he accepted an extraordinary professorship in History from the University of Breslau, where he continued to teach till 1911.
In 1871 Colmar Grünhagen was elected to the presidency of the , retaining this position till 1905, following which he retained the title of honorary president.
He also became an honorary member of the and, in 1868, a board member with the Silesian Museum for Arts and Antiquities, which he later chaired.
He was also a regular contributor to the Feuilleton (arts and literature) section of the Breslaauer Zeitung, the , the Zeitschrift für Preußische Geschichte und Landeskunde and other historical periodicals.
Tsering Dolma (1919 - 21st November 1964) was the founder of the non-profit refugee organisation Tibetan Children's Villages and is the older sister of the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzing Gyatso.
She is the eldest sister of the 14th Dalai Lama, and acted as a midwife to her mother during his birth in 1940 at the age of 16.
She was part of the 1950 Tibetan delegation to India who met with Jawaharlal Nehru, and she also formed part of a 1954 delegation to Beijing to meet with Mao Zedong and the National People's Congress.
She fled Tibet to India in response to the 1959 Tibetan uprising alongside her brother and other prominent Tibetans with he support of the Central Intelligence Agency's Special Activities Center.
In exile she established Tibetan Children's Villages who assisted in the building and running of refugee camps for children in Dharamshala.
Mohammed Ridha Jalil Mezher Al-Elayawi (born 17 February 2000) is an Iraqi footballer who plays as a midfielder for Al-Zawraa in the Iraqi Premier League.
Shehana Vithana (born 31 March 1999) is a Sri Lankan born Australian professional squash player who currently plays for Australia women's national squash team.
She achieved her highest career PSA singles ranking of 119 in October 2018 as a part of the 2018-19 PSA World Tour.
At the age of 13, she along with her mother and younger sister migrated to Australia in 2013 while her father Arosha Vithana was serving in the Sri Lankan Air Force.
Claire O'Kelly (21 July 1916-23 October 2004) was an Irish archaeologist, notable as the first person to write up an accessible account of Irish archaeological sites.
She was key to the realisation of the importance of the solstice connection of the Newgrange structure, and the first person to create a full collection of drawings of the decorated stones of Newgrange.
She became a national school teacher until she went to University College Cork in the 1930s, studying archaeology under Professor Seán O'Riordan.
She met her future husband, Michael J. O'Kelly, known to family as Brian, while in college, and together they were involved in work on many of Ireland's historical sites, and on the setting up of the Cork Public Museum in 1945.
O'Kelly used her fluency in Irish and her knowledge of archaeology to create the necessary archaeological terms for the definitive English/Irish Dictionary edited by Tomás de Bháldraithe.
She was behind the research which led to the discovery of Newgrange's solar importance, made drawings of the stones of the Boyne Valley sites, most notably Newgrange, and published accessible texts on Newgrange and Dowth.
O'Kelly wrote several books for public understanding on the history and importance of Irish sites, and her content is used for the website of Newgrange, for example, even today.
Her significance in archaeology and history was recognised when she was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1984.
She was friends with Gabriel Hayes who used her hands as the models for the stations of the cross in Galway cathedral.
By cutting her masts and discharging part of her cargo was later refloated and taken in to Jersey in a severely damaged condition.
Her mother Rama Bakhle, a writer who graduated Karve Universtiy, then moved the family to Mumbai to be with her uncle who was an artist and general manager of Western Railways.
After three years of schooling, she wanted to study abroad to expand her education, but lost the support of higher education from her uncle.
Sankalia began working and teaching modern architecture at the new Academy of Architecture, giving her the education she felt she missed from school.
She credits Vina Mody as a guru in the field, who hired Sankalia to work in construction sites alongside masons, carpenters, and electricians.
Along side Mody she gives Pravina Meghta credit on massively inspiring her creativity within architecture, later becoming one of the first female work partners in the country.
In 1957 she married Hema Bakhle, a 'pavement dweller' engineer, Until his death in 1984, he consistently supported Sankalia's career path.
Sankalia and Mody went on to form (Contemporary Arts and Crafts), to create household products and educate the Indian artisan and consumer about the modern world.
Her commissions over time outside of household appliances included houses, women's hostels, printing presses, hospitals, research centers, governmental offices, and educational institutions.
She took part in forming the designs for the states EPCO (Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization) between 1987 and 1988, designed as part ashram and part modern edifice.
The location of the obstruction in front of Fort Campbell on the east side of the river is clearly indicated on a Confederate map of the period.
The ship was brought to the Cassidey and Beery shipyard in Wilmington, where it was repaired and refitted during January 1867.
Hallenstein belonged from 3 May 1871 until 13 November 1890 to the Burgtheater in Vienna, where he was very busy from 1874.
On 27 September 1892, the K-k Hofburg actor went completely insane and had to be brought to the private sanatorium of Dr. Löwy in Purkersdorf where he died a day later at age 57.
Katharina Hassel (also Käthi; 1837–1905), daughter of the actor and opera singer Friedrich Hassel and Theodora Hassel, was singer/actress at the German Theater Prague and Hallenstein's wife, their son, Adolf Hallenstein, secretary at the .
Where Trails End is a 1942 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Robert Emmett Tansey and Frances Kavanaugh.
Sheikh A’bdul Ganiyy was the son of Abuubakr Agbotomokekere (Gatta or Gaataa), son of As-shaykh Abu Bakr Agbotomokekere, son of Muhammad, son of Hassan son of Ishaq.
He was a renowned preacher of Islam, who in collaboration with his brother, Abdu Salam, became famous for his excellent literary abilities, proficiency, and leadership of Muslim communities in West Africa.
He then joined the staff of Kharashi memorial school (the first formally established Arabic and Islamic centre in the South West region of Nigeria in 1970.
He is one of the preachers of Islam in Ibadanland appointed by the then chief Imam Mudathir Abdul-Salam on 23 January 1989.
He was installed and turbaned to succeed his father (as Magaji) in 2002 under late chief Imam Shuarau Baosari Harun III.
He was appointed the chief Mufassir for Ibadan in 2009 and on 16 November 2013 he was installed as the Grand Mufti for Ibadanland by chief Imam late Alhaj Shu‘arau Baosari III.
He organizes regular lectures in front of his house and he specifically chose the 9th and 10th of Muharram every year for a special annual lecture; continuing his father's practice.
The foliage is extremely thin, so that the anatomy of the ancient branches may be distinctly seen in the height of summer.
In the early 19th century the tree was owned by Charles Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton and then The Honorable Mr Petre.
It is said to have decayed greatly between 1773 and 1804; in 1794 another leading branch fell, causing alarm to nearby residents.
In 1806 its circumference measured at a height of from the ground was and in 1822 it was measured at at ground level.
By this time many of the branches are said to be completely rotten and held up only by the bark; the leading branch extended some from the trunk and had been supported by wooden props.
The hollow trunk was said to be large enough to hold 70 people, if children were carried on the adults' shoulders.
One of these, planted at Drury in the 1870s, is now known as the Runciman Oak and has a circumference of almost measured at a height of from ground level.
The Mountain Hawks, led by 13th-year head coach Brett Reed, play their home games at Stabler Arena in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania as members of the Patriot League.
She is best known for being part of the Newcastle University team that developed Rubraca, a PARP inhibitor used as an anti-cancer agent addressing BRCA mutation, and for donating her share of the royalties to charity.
She studied liver carcinogenesis and received her MSc from the University of Manchester in 1977 followed by her PhD from the University of Surrey in 1981.
She was one of the researchers behind the development of Rubraca, which has been approved for use by the National Health Service in cases of ovarian cancer.
Curtin used the royalties she received from Rubraca (around £865,000) to establish the Curtin PARP (Passionate About Realising your Potential) Fund at the Community Foundation in Tyne & Wear and Northumberland, which is a non-profit organization that matches funds to different community causes.
Curtin was inspired to create this fund by the realization that despite the years of hard work, the monetary success was largely due to luck.
He competed for England at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia and competed for Scotland at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India.
The 2006 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 3–7 October 2006 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The 2010 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the fifth staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 30 October 2010, Newcestown won the championship following a 0-10 to 0-09 defeat of Clyda Rovers in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.
A collective collection, also known as a shared print program, involves mostly academic or research libraries collaborating to retain, develop, and provide access to their physical collections.
Each library participating in a collective collection agrees to retain certain titles for a given period of time, usually at least ten years.
This practice ensures that the collective collection contains a predetermined number of unique items (such as specific editions of books and complete runs of journals) and that these items will be cared for and made available to all libraries participating in the collective collection.
To prevent the loss of a unique title, participating libraries determine an appropriate number of copies that should be retained, so that if one were lost or destroyed, other copies would remain available.
Shared print programs base these decisions on the number of libraries involved, the size of the collective collection, availability of the item outside of the collective collection, and other factors.
Secondarily, collective collections enable participating libraries to make informed decisions about weeding locally held volumes that are duplicated in the collective collection.
In turn, this practice enables libraries to repurpose shelf space, whether to accommodate other print materials or to create a greater number and variety of spaces for users, especially students, to study, collaborate, teach, consult, and pursue other research and learning activities.
A distributed (or decentralized) collective shared print collection is one in which items in the collection are retained at the original library but are accessible to all partnering libraries.
Centralized collective collections are those in which books and journals are removed from the original library and stored in a shared shelving facility.
In many cases this shared shelving facility is a high-density preservation facility built according to the Harvard model, featuring rigorous temperature and climate controls to facilitate preservation of materials, along with elevated stacks and special shelving methods to maximize storage efficiency.
The Florida Academic Repository (FLARE), a centralized storage facility that houses millions of books on behalf of the State University System of Florida and the University of Miami, is an example of a collective collection that follows the Harvard model.
A consortium can create and manage a formal agreement (such as a memorandum of understanding), signed by each participating library’s director, which ensures that certain books, journals, or other materials are both retained and made available to other libraries, generally through interlibrary loan.
The consortium can also establish criteria for shelving environments (to ensure long-term preservation), as well as outline the methods for providing access to titles to other participating libraries.
The Center for Research Libraries (CRL) hosts a Print Archives Preservation Registry (PAPR) to record titles, holdings, and conditions of serials held in major shared print programs across the United States.
In 2018, CRL and OCLC were awarded a $1 million grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to enable collective collection retention commitments for serials to be reflected in the global union catalog WorldCat.
As of May 2019, nearly eighty libraries in the United States had committed to retain nearly 18 million books for 25 years under the HathiTrust Shared Print Program.
As of December 2018, more than sixty academic libraries participating in the Eastern Academic Scholars' Trust (EAST) had committed to retain more than 6 million monographs for at least 15 years.
Collective collections programs outside the United States include Finland’s National Repository Library, Australia's CAVAL Archival and Research Materials (CARM) Centre, Canada's Keep@Downsview, and the United Kingdom's U.K. Research Reserve.
Libraries’ efforts to collectively manage and provide access to their holdings date back to antiquity and extend through twentieth-century projects such as the Farmington Plan.
Funding reductions and escalating storage costs, as well as space constraints, for physical collections in the 2000s created an environment where library directors needed to rely on partnerships with consortia and other libraries.
In 2002 Richard Fyffe argued that librarians needed to start a dialogue with stakeholders and patrons in the scholarly community about the need to rely more on collective collections.
Born in Poznan, Nędzyński was arrested by Soviet troops at the start of World War II, and spent three years in a labour camp.
At the end of the war, instead of returning to Poland, Nędzyński moved to England, where he completed a doctorate at the University of London.
He then began working for the Post Office Engineering Union, then in the early 1950s found work with the economics department of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU).
He returned to the ICFTU in 1961, directly recruited by its leader, Omer Becu, and made assistant general secretary with responsibility for organisation.
When Becu retired from the ICFTU in 1967, Nędzyński was a leading candidate to replace him, but George Woodcock vetoed his candidacy, on the grounds that Nędzyński had already quit two jobs with the ICFTU.
The 2011 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the sixth staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 16 October 2011, Newmarket won the championship following a 3-06 to 1-10 defeat of Clyda Rovers in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
The Transamazonian orogeny was a mountain building event in the Paleoproterozoic, affecting what is now the São Francisco Craton and Guyana Shield.
During the orogeny from 2.14 to 1.94 billion years ago two small Archean proto-continents—including the greenstone belt-dominated Gavião Block and the calc-alkaline charnockite and enderbite-dominated Jequié Block—collided.
The Contendas-Jacobina Lineament represents a suture zone where the collision occurred and the Gavião Block partially subducted under the Jequié Block.
At the same time, another small continental fragment, the Serrinha Block, may have collided as well and was extensively reworked and metamorphosed, with orthogneiss and migmatite reaching amphibolite-grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies.
Several magmatic arcs formed between the colliding proto-continent blocks, including the Salvador-Curaçá Belt, Contendas-Mirante Belt, Jacobina-Mundo Novo Belt and Itabuna-Atlantic Belt.
To the west of the Gavião Block, the Guanambi-Urandi Batholith formed with monzonite, granite intrusions and syenite, which was subsequently covered by Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks.
In the Guyana Shield, the Transamazonian orogeny resulted in refolding and reactivation of older tectonic features from the Guriense orogeny, producing horst and graben areas and intense pyroclastic ignimbrite and rhyolite eruptions.
in the late 1980s, Saddam Hussein forcibly displaced the inhabitants of the town as part of a plan to evict Kurdish people from the Eastern border with Iran.
Nahro Abdullah, the Mayor of Sangasar, reportedly told Kurdistan 24 that Turkish bombing in their area has increased in 2019 in comparison with previous years.
Michael Peter Pelletier is an American diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to Madagascar & Comoros since 2019.
from Georgetown University, a Certificat d’Etudes Politiques from Institut d’Etudes Politiques, Paris, France, and a Master of International Affairs from Columbia University.
He has served at eight United States Missions overseas and in senior leadership positions at the United States Department of State, including as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United States embassy in New Delhi, India, and Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of African Affairs.
He is the recipient of thirteen senior State Department awards, including a Presidential Meritorious Service Award and the Linguist of the Year.
On August 13, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Pelletier to be the next Ambassador to Madagascar and Comoros.
He presented his credentials to President Andry Rajoelina on March 5, 2019 and to President Azali Assoumani on June 24, 2019.
The current league champions from the 2019 league season are the Swindon Robins who beat the Ipswich Witches in the end of season play-off final.
The league will consist of 7 teams again in 2020, but Poole Pirates have dropped down into the league below known as the SGB Championship, and have been replaced in the SGB Premiership by 2019 SGB Championship team the Sheffield Tigers.
The line-up of teams will change from the previous 2019 league season with Poole Pirates dropping down into the SGB Championship and being replaced by 2019 SGB Championship team Sheffield Tigers.
At the Speedway AGM in November 2019, it was agreed that SGB Premiership average league point limit would remain at 42.50.
The 2020 Knockout Cup will be the 78th edition and (third under its new name) of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams.
The Leica M Monochrom (Typ 246) uses a full frame 24 Megapixels CMOS sensor that, like its predecessor the Leica M Monochrom, has no color filter array.
The M Monochrom (Typ 246) offers an increase in ISO range up to ISO 25,000, a new 3 inches 921,000-dot LCD screen and live view shooting including focus peaking and 10x magnification.
Mario was allegedly born as Mario Comte Caracciolo di Melito into a wealthy noble family in Naples, Italy, in 1883 (some sources claim his birth year as 1894).
He worked as an attache at the Italian embassy in Washington, D.C., where he met and married Miriam Crosby in 1915.
He also had a fling with a young actress named Lucille LeSueur (better by the stage name she took on later, Joan Crawford).
Over the course of the decade, he appeared in several dozen films before returning to Italy with the aim of starting his own production company.
There appears to be a case of mistaken identity at the heart of stories in the press that he was the Mario Caracciolo who was given supreme command of the Italian army's technical service by Mussolini during World War II.
The Guriense orogeny was a mountain building event in the Archean 2.8 to 2.7 billion years ago, preserved in the Guyana Shield rocks of Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname.
The 1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team was an American football team that represented the Bluefield Institute (now known as Bluefield State College) during the 1928 college football season.
The Capture of Tobruk was a battle fought between 21 and 22 January 1941, as part of Operation Compass, the first British military offensive of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War.
After defeating the Italians in the Battle of Bardia (3–5 January 1941), the 6th Australian Division and the 7th Armoured Division pressed on and made contact with the Italian garrison in Tobruk on 6 January.
In September 1940 the Italian invasion of Egypt had begun but stopped after at Sidi Barrani where the Italians dug in.
At first the British prepared to resist an Italian advance on Mersa Matruh but when this did not occur a raid by the Western Desert Force, with the possibility of exploiting success, was planned on the Italian positions around Sidi Barrani.
The raid, Operation Compass, began on 9 December 1940 with the surprise Attack on Nibeiwa where the Italian brigade-sized Maletti Group, the only Italian armoured formation in Egypt, was annihilated.
On the morning of 5 January, while Australian forces were still mopping up the southern cauldron at Bardia, Wavell ordered the 7th Armoured Brigade of the 7th Armoured Division to advance west, pass Tobruk and cut it off.
The 19th Australian Brigade group placed itself opposite the eastern defences of Tobruk and the 16th Australian Brigade group took over on the western side.
The 4th Armoured Brigade moved to the west of the city, the 7th Support Group blocked the western exits and the 7th Armoured Brigade screened the force from interference from the west.
Graziani informed Mussolini that the -long Tobruk perimeter was manned by only 22,000 men with 340 guns, a number wholly inadequate for the task.
After being informed by Graziani that he was on his own Mannella had the bridge at Sidi Daud on the Bardia road and the bridge at Wadi es Sahel on the Derna road destroyed.
Although Pitassi Mannella had thirty-two L3/35 tankettes and thirty-nine M11/39 tanks, only seven of the latter were operational and in three weeks of attempts to repair the M11/39s only three were serviceable enough to move in an engagement.
After it had become obvious in the autumn of 1940 that the L3/35 was obsolete and the M11/39 badly designed and prone to break down, the XXI Light Tank Battalion and part of the I Medium Tank Battalion had departed for Benghazi to be re-equipped with the new M13/40 tank.
Pitassi Mannella had received no spares or fuel for the tanks and had the lightly armed and thinly armoured L3/35 and the M11/39s buried in the sand as strong points.
The first line of the Eastern Sector was manned by the troops of the reinforced with four companies from the 69th Infantry Regiment.
Expecting the main attack from this direction, Pitassi Mannella established a second line of defence behind the strong points, based on a small hill at the junction of the El Adem and Bardia roads.
At the second line under command of the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment, every available tank was dug in as a strong point.
Sub-sectors A and B were defended by a battalion each from the 70th Infantry Regiment, while Blackshirt Battalion (Libyan Volunteers) manned sub-sector C. Behind the first line of defence were five strong points manned by the III Battalion, 70th Infantry Regiment which doubled as the reserve unit for the three battalions in the first line.
The commander of the 69th Infantry Regiment received the reserves Pitassi Mannella could muster, an understrength tank company with seven M11/39s and two ad hoc formations, consisting of one Motorcycle company, one infantry company, one machine gun platoon, an anti-tank platoon and an anti-aircraft section each.
To make up for the lack of anti-tank mines Pitassi Mannella had 2,200 bombs and 800 bombs, left behind by the (Royal Italian Air Force), buried upright in the desert, in the hope that a British tank passing over them would trigger the impact fuze.
Pitassi Mannella organised the artillery into three groups, two for the Eastern Sector with 123 guns and one for the Western Sector with 97.
Assuming (correctly) that the Commonwealth troops would attack from the south, Pitassi Mannella sent the II/43rd and III/55th groups with 75/27 mod.
With no air reconnaissance, Pitassi Mannella was unaware of the British artillery positions and as most British artillery had a longer range than the Italian artillery, mostly of First World War-vintage there, was little chance of effective counter-battery fire.
Pitassi Mannella decided to employ every gun capable of direct fire as anti-tank artillery and managed to assemble 110 anti-tank guns; thirty-two 37 mm guns in the buried M11/39s, forty-three 47/32 mod.
16 naval gun (found in the naval stores); armour-piercing ammunition was available only for the 37 mm and 47 mm anti-tank guns.
After surrounding Tobruk, the WDF had exhausted the ample Italian supplies captured at Capuzzo and Sollum; O'Connor directed that the supplies flowing through the port of Sollum ( per day in early January and daily late in the month) to the 10th and 11th Field Depots he had set up about east of Tobruk.
Concerned mostly about not having enough fuel and supplies for the offensive after the fall of Tobruk, O'Connor delayed the attack to accumulate more supplies.
As the 7th Armoured Division had suffered more losses than the 6th Australian Division, O'Connor decided that the Australians would lead the attack.
The two most depleted units, the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars and the 6th Royal Tank Regiment, were withdrawn and their equipment distributed to the other four regiments of the armoured brigades.
The first wave of the attack was to be the 16th Australian Brigade and the 7th Royal Tank Regiment, followed by the 17th Australian Brigade and the 19th Australian Brigade.
On 19 January the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropped leaflets calling on the Italians to surrender but Pitassi Mannella took no notice.
For the rest of the night RAF Wellington bombers attacked port installations, defensive positions and drowned out the sound of the British tanks assembling for the attack.
At the British artillery opened fire along the entire line, concentrating on an area about by rectangle where the sub-sectors A and B of the Eastern Sector met.
Under cover of night Australian sappers and the British artillery-fire cleared a path through the thin Italian minefield in the area and at first light the 2/3rd Australian Battalion attacked.
At 7:00 a.m., 18 Matilda II tanks passed through the breach, three of which veered left with the 2/3rd Australian Battalion, while another three veered right with the 2/1st Australian Battalion to expand the breach.
The first unit to be overrun by the 2/2nd was the CV/25th Artillery Group, which had no time to lay their guns for direct fire before they were overrun.
The lack of radios of the Italian units proved to be a severe disadvantage; telephone lines had been cut by the British aerial and artillery bombardment and Pitassi Mannella only received notice of the British attack at around from a despatch rider.
By the Australian 2/2nd Battalion had reach Sidi Mahmud and the 2/1st Battalion was at Sidi Daud; the 17th Australian Brigade with the 2/6th Australian Battalion and 2/27th Australian Battalion had captured the Italian artillery positions between the two points.
By 10:30 a.m. the Australians had overrun four of the Italian strongpoints and destroyed six of the ten artillery groups in the area.
At the 19th Australian Brigade supported by A Squadron of the 6th Australian Division Cavalry Regiment had set off and towards the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment.
A company and three M11/39 tanks that tried to plug the gap in the second line were defeated within minutes, the three M11/39s being knocked out.
Between and the 19th Australian Brigade attacked the position of the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment with such ferocity that 70 per cent of the officers, including both battalion commanders, and 50 per cent of the troops were killed in action.
During the day, Blenheims of 55 and 113 squadrons flew against Tobruk and the Gloster Gladiators and Hawker Hurricanes of No.
At Pitassi Mannella ordered the mobile reserve, with the seven operational M11/39s, to attack the Australian left flank from behind an artillery barrage.
Two Australian anti-tank guns and two tanks destroyed five of the seven M11/39s and when Australian infantry pushed forward the mobile reserve surrendered.
At the 2/8th Australian Battalion attacked the Pilastrino position, while the 2/4th Australian Battalion had reached and surrounded the Italian headquarters at the abandoned Fort Solaro.
Having lost contact with forces outside of Tobruk, Admiral Massimiliano Vietina organised the defence of the harbour with the few men at his disposal.
Graziani had denied his request to make a sacrificial attack on the Royal Navy ships outside the harbour and Vietina began systematically to destroy the harbour and its stores.
At 8:30 a.m. Vietina surrendered to General Horace Robertson of the 19th Australian Infantry Brigade, followed shortly afterwards by General Della Mura, who surrendered with the remnants of the Pilastrino position.
Most of the demolitions had been of stores rather than installations; the Inshore Squadron of the Royal Navy began mine sweeping immediately and opened the port on 24 January.
The Italians suffered more than 24,000 casualties, 18 officers and 750 soldiers had been killed, 30 officers and 2,250 men had been wounded and more than 20,000 men had become prisoners of war.
By the surrender O'Connor's divisions had already pressed on, the 7th Armoured Division reaching Mechili and fighting the Action at Mechili on 24 January, while the 6th Australian Division had reached the Italian forward positions at Derna on the same day.
The Directorate-General of the Civil Guard (DGGC) is a component of the Spanish Department of the Interior responsible for exercising the direct command of the Civil Guard law enforcement agency.
The DGGC, integrated in the Secretariat of State for Security, is in charge of organize, direct, coordinate and execute the missions entrusted to the Civil Guard by the provisions in force, in accordance with the guidelines and orders issued by the Ministers of the Interior and of Defense, within the scope of their respective powers.
Since its inception, it has been integrated in the Ministry of the Interior and it has been dependent also from the Ministry of Defence, in all the maters related to the military nature of the agency.
The Directorate-General of the Civil Guard is headed by the Director-General, an official appointed by the Prime Minister at the joint request of the Defence and Interior Ministers.
To assist the Director-General there is a Deputy Director of Operations (DAO), a Civil Guard officer with the rank of Lieutenant general.
The need to create a rural agency that gave security to the fields and roads of Spain was evident in the first half of the 19th century.
The confiscation processes of the mentioned century, the fractionation of rural property, the dissolution of the National Militia and the political vicissitudes and continuous changes of government were some of the causes that led to the birth of the Civil Guard by Royal Decree of March 28, 1844.
He made a report explaining how the agency and the remuneration system to the agents should be regulated, a report that considerably reduced the budget, and that caused the approval of a new Royal Decree on May 13 that repealed that of April —which did not come into force— and that is the true date of creation of the agency.
The aforementioned decree of May 13, 1844 created a Inspectorate-General as the central administrative organ in all the matters relating the agency's organization, personnel, discipline and material, and related to both the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Interior.
The creation of the Inspectorate became effective with the appointment of its first holder, Francisco Javier Girón, who was rewarded for his work in creating the agency with that position on September 1, 1844.
He will direct his organization dedicating himself with special and exquisite care to establish and perfect the privileged and interesting service to which said agency is dedicated, proposing to the Royal approval the improvements or variations that time and experience prove necessary to its perfection.
On December 29, 1857, a Royal Decree stipulates that the Urban Guard of Madrid would depend on the Inspector-General of the Civil Guard and on March 24, 1858, another new Decree provided that the Urban Guard would depend on the Ministry of the War in terms of organization, personnel, armament and discipline and that of the Interior in relation to services, payment of salaries, quartering and material.
With this agency practically integrated into the Civil Guard, on October 12, 1864, the organ was renamed as the Directorate-General of the Civil Guard.
After a failed coup d'etat on August 10, 1932, the government of the Second Republic reformed the law enforcement agencies and, as a result, by decree of August 16, 1932, the DGGC is abolished and the Inspection-General is recovered, with full and unique dependence from the Interior Department.
After the Civil War and the rebellious victory, the great part of the Carabineros remained loyal to the republic, and although a large part of the Civil Guard also, the first was punished with its dissolution and integration in the second mainly by the great prestige that, already at the time, had this last.
This was done through the Law of 15 March 1940, which also integrated the Civil Guard into the Armed Forces, although it maintained the Interior Ministry and Civil Governors (provincial leaders) dependence, in all matters relating to services, barracks, wages and material.
The Spanish transition to democracy was a time of great changes in the field of public safety, although they don't affected excessively the Directorate-General.
In 1994 a new phenomenon occurs, such as the integration of two important departaments, that of Justice and that of the Interior.
The DGGC is renamed as General Secretariat-Directorate-General of the Civil Guard (since 1986 it had the rank of general secretariat) until 1996, when both departments separated.
Between September 2006 and December 2011, the Directorates-General of the Police and of the Civil Guard were merged by Prime Minister Zapatero with the purpose of «carry out the tasks of both police forces in a more integral, homogeneous and coordinated way».
In 2008, it was known that the Interior Minister, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, was not comfortable with this union of command and wanted to split them again, but that wasn't the opinion of the Prime Minister and remained together.
In addition, the positions of Deputy Directors of Operations  (Director Adjunto Operativo, DAO) were created as a technical assistance organ to the director-general.
With the arrival of Prime Minister Rajoy to the government and the appointment of Juan Ignacio Zoido as Interior Miniter, they decided to split the command again considering that the coordination task was a duty of the Secretary of State for Security and that every agency needed to have their own command.
In July 2017, Minister Zoido abolished the positions of Deputy Directors of Operations, a decision that was reversed by Minister Fernando Grande-Marlaska in July of the following year.
1979) is a visual artist working with video, photography, interactive installation and performance that combine social practice, institutional critique and activism together in an interdisciplinary practice.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania in 2002 with a major in Communication and double minors in Psychology and Fine Art.
In 2010, Lee earned her Masters of Fine Arts from the Maryland Institute College of Art from the Mount Royal School of Art (interdisciplinary graduate program).
Lee was awarded a Vermont Studio Center fellowship supported by the Joan Mitchell Foundation, as well as a Henry Walters Traveling Scholarship to the Netherlands and Germany by the Walters Museum in Baltimore, MD upon graduating with her MFA in 2010.
In 2013, Lee was awarded the Maryland State Arts Council 2013 Individual Artist Award as well as the Franklin Furnace Fund Grant.
The project website Firewallcafe.com contains an archive of search terms that participants have queried, image results of these searches, and user interaction to vote on whether these results are affected by censorship.
Rosel Walther ( Fischer; 12 January 1928 – 24 August 2006) was a German politician who was a member of the and the State Council of East Germany.
She held leadership positions in the party; including as member of the executive board, director of the party academy, and vice chairperson of the NDPD parliamentary group.
She retired after the Peaceful Revolution but remained a member of the Association of Free Democrats, which merged with the Free Democratic Party.
The 2005 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 6–9 October 2005 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The octogonal dovecote situated in the courtyard dates from the 14th century and is one of the oldest in the Sénéchaussée of Loudunais.
Thuc-Quyen Nguyen is director and Professor at the Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS), and a professor of the Chemistry & Biochemistry department at the University of California Santa Barbara.
Her research focuses on organic electronic devices, using optical, electrical, and structural techniques to understand materials and devices such as photovoltaics, LEDs, and field-effect transistors.
There are four generations of teachers in her family, and as a young child, she went along to her mother's classes as there was no daycare to attend.
In 1991, when she was 21, she moved with her family to the United States, arriving with very little knowledge of English.
To try to improve her language skills and progress through school, she attended three schools at once, going to morning, afternoon, and evening classes.
Her first term at Santa Monica College, she took four ESL courses at the same time, and after a year, was able to begin normal coursework.
After graduating from Santa Monica College in 1995 with an A.S., she began working toward a bachelor's degree at UCLA, while also work in the library in evenings to help pay for University.
She also began working in a biology lab, beginning by washing glassware, before becoming more involved in experiments that further increased her interest in scientific research.
In 2004, Nguyen joined UCSB Chemistry and Biochemistry department as an assistant professor, and received appointment to full professor in 2011.
The Early Ruker orogeny was a mountain building event from 2.0 to 1.7 billion years ago in the Proterozoic and a key event in the assembly of Antarctica.
It was filmed at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City, on November 11, 2018 during her world tour Gira 100 años contigo.
on September 6, 2018, in which the band's singer, Hanna Nicole, reported that the concert in Mexico, were being filmed for a DVD release.
The 1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team was an American football team that represented the Bluefield Institute (now known as Bluefield State College) during the 1927 college football season.
The Late Ruker orogeny also known as the Nimrod orogeny was a mountain building event around 1 billion years ago in the Proterozoic.
Stromatolite carbonate beds and quartz arenite in the Shackleton Range serves as evidence for a stable platform and epicratonic sea during the period.
Deanside railway station was a short-lived railway station that served the suburb of Hillington, Glasgow, Scotland from 1903 to 1905 on the Glasgow and Renfrew District Railway.
The station closed in 1905, 21 years earlier than the others on the line, and the signal box closed in 1925.
The event is preserved in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, potentially in the Shackleton Range and by argillite-greywacke series in the Horlick Mountains, Queen Maud Land and the Thiel Mountains.
Upright folds, asymmetric overturned or recumbent isoclinal folds first identified by Elliott in 1975 was interpreted in 1992 by Edmund Stump as indicative of compressive and convergent tectonic activity.
The orogeny is expressed as an unconformity in the Transantarctic Mountains, between folded Late Proterozoic strata and overlying Early or Middle Cambrian sediments.
The Borchgrevink orogeny also termed the Borchgrevink event is a proposed mountain building event in Antarctica in the Devonian and Silurian.
The event is recorded by metamorphic rocks in Victoria Land as well as igneous and metamorphic rocks found throughout Marie Byrd Land, Thurston Island and the Antarctic Peninsula.
More than other geological events in Antarctica, whether the Borchgrevink event constitutes an orogeny is a subject of debate among geologists.
After initial radiometric dating indicated the event in the late 1960s and into the 1970s, a German expedition in 1981 failed to uncover evidence of deformation and compressional tectonics in North Victoria Land.
The WHO/HAI methodology and database is one of the projects that were created in response, along with the WHO recommending the implementation of centralized price sharing systems and the implementation of pharmaceutical price cost-containment policies.
ERP is a widely accepted tool to design cost-containment policies, used in the European Union, Brazil, Jordan, South Africa, Canada, and Australia.
For this usage, each country usually has a legal framework to define the calculation of ERP and selection of reference products, with variations across high-income countries (e.g., using the median price or instead the lowest price across the reference countries), but the majority use ex-factory prices.
For example, Pakistan uses prices from Bangladesh and India, while Iran uses prices from Greece, Spain, Turkey and the drug country of origin.
However pricing data from LMICs can be lacking, and in such situations, international medicine prices can be obtained from the International Medical Products Price Guide.
The United Kingdom has a critical role in the ERP system, as it is often used as a reference country since medication prices are often low, although it is not using ERP itself.
Furthermore, the 2008 global financial crisis added to the financial pressure, which prompted most European countries to consider health expenditures as a major target for healthcare cost reduction.
ERP is one of the major mechanism used by these countries for this purpose, along others such as direct price control (i.e., fixed maximum prices), profit ceiling, internal reference pricing and free pricing.
ERP is most commonly used by high-income countries to control the prices of patented medicines, or with other intellectual property rights such as pricing monopolies, for therapeutic agents that are state-reimbursed.
Japan is an exception, using ERP to systematically adjust local prices within a range of the ERP according to a formula.
Few studies have investigated the impact of ERP on high-income countries, but two studies conducted in countries both inside and outside of the European Union found no substantial decrease or increase in drug prices.
Furthermore, with the widespread adoption of ERP, pharmaceutical manufacturers are developing counter strategies to limit the negative impacts on them, such as reduced drug prices.
One strategy is to delay the launch of new drug products into the market, as is the case with Belgium, being usually not among the countries with the highest drug prices in the European Union.
This increase in the launch delay of new medicines is however observed to some extent in all European countries implementing ERP.
Another observed strategy in Germany and New Zealand is to deliberately keep the prices of some medicines high, knowing these countries would later be used as reference countries to derive higher external reference prices.
In several European countries, implementing ERP led to a decrease of the average drug price, but not the maximum nor minimum drug prices.
Since the ERP was the sole criterion for drug pricing in these countries, the observed decrease can only be due to ERP implementation.
It was also observed that prices decreases was correlated with the frequency of price revision, with countries infrequently revising prices having flat prices, whereas those with frequent revising saw a regular price decline over time.
A report for the European Commission simulated various ERP use strategies for drug price regulation, and found that frequent price revisions, iterative price cuts, having a large number of countries in the basket, price calculation methods, the impact of generics and prices’ sources were the most influent parameters on the drug prices evolution over time for countries using ERP as their main criterion for drug price regulation.
High medicine price and availability are the two crucial obstacles preventing one-third of the global population, or about two billion people, mainly in low and moderate-income countries (LMICs, as defined by the World Bank), from accessing needed medication.
There is evidence that medicine prices are not correlated to income differences between countries, with essential medicines being higher priced in low income countries than in high income countries due to retail markups.
Indeed, their out-of-pocked expenditure increased, with 61% to 77% (per capita) of total pharmaceutical expenditure being paid by individuals out of their pocket with no state-reimbursement.
Pharmaceuticals expenditures also account for an important share of all expenditure on health, particularly in low-income countries with a mean of 30.4% in 2006 compared to 19.7% in high-income countries.
However, inspired by the use of ERP by high-income countries and the lesser technical and analytical requirements to implement ERP compared to other price control mechanisms such as cost-plus or pharmacoeconomic analysis, LMICs are increasingly following suit, by using ERP in combination with other methods of cost control (cost plus, internal reference pricing, profit controls, economic evaluation, direct fixation).
However, some countries such as Turkey and Indonesia saw a decrease in drug prices following the implementation of ERP, although there is no objectively direct evidence this decrease was caused by the introduction of ERP.
, a systematic review found that markup regulation and ERP are the most commonly implemented drug pricing policies in LMICs, followed by cost-plus and the use of generics.
Another review found limited evidence that implementing ERP had the effect of narrowing down the prices, by lowering drug prices in high-price countries and raising them in low-price countries.
Hence, it is suggested that optimal ERP implementations are dependent on a clear set of requirements and calculation in full transparency, and that ERP should not be used as the sole pricing mechanism but rather as one benchmark for pricing decisions.
ERP differs from internal reference pricing, or therapeutic reference pricing, where the price of a medication is compared against other domestic drugs that are its therapeutic equivalents, based on a given ATC level.
This sets a reference price for a class of equivalent or similar therapeutic agents, the rest being paid out-of-pocket by the patient.
Hence, a prerequisite of internal reference pricing is the availability of comparable medicines, which usually implies this can be implemented only after patents expiry and when generic or biosimilar medicines enter the market.
Internal reference pricing may reduce expenditures in the short term by incentivizing people to use the reference drugs at the reference price, but the effect on drugs with a higher price than reference and on health is uncertain.
In 2016, out of 42 surveyed countries including WHO European countries, Canada and South Africa, 30 reported having internal reference pricing between generics, but only 15 also applied this policy to biosimilar medicines.
The party was rebranded from its previous party's name, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation using the same UPKO acronym; which was a widely known Kadazan-Dusun-Murut (KDM) based party in 2019.
The party had earlier been renamed once before in 1999 from its initial 1994 formation name of Sabah Democratic Party (PDS).
PBS had initially won a majority in the Sabah State Legislative Assembly then but with the two breakaway factions, one led by Dompok to set-up PDS and another led by Joseph Kurup to form United Sabah People's Party (PBRS); had caused the crumble of PBS new Sabah government and allowed BN to form the government instead.
Part of the enticement offered by BN to the defectors was the promise of a rotating Chief Ministers of Sabah post, which Dompok held from 1998 to 1999.
It was redefined as an ethnically-based party striving to voice the rights and advance the development of KDM populations of Sabah and the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia.
In the Malaysian general election, 2013, the party was reduced from four to three federal seats and from six to four state assembly seats.
The party's core Sabahan indigenous constituency includes many Christians, while BN is, on a national scale, dominated by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), an overtly Muslim-Malay party.
Najib had supported a government appeal to the High Court seeking to outlaw the word's use by a Christian newspaper; Dompok criticised the appeal and defended the right of Christians, especially indigenous Malaysians, to use the word.
UPKO also agitated, often against the national government of which it was a part, for tougher measures against illegal immigration in Sabah.
In the same year one of the party's federal parliamentarians, Wilfred Bumburing, quit UPKO and joined the opposition PKR in protest at what he considered to be government inaction on illegal immigration.
UPKO was an advocate for the repeal of the Internal Security Act (ISA), which for over 50 years permitted detention without charge in certain circumstances.
Following this, the party’s acting president Madius Tangau announced that UPKO with five of their party state assembly seats members had left BN to form a coalition government with the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN), alongside PKR and DAP and became a partner party for the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition instead.
There is also a slight change in UPKO’s logo with the inclusion of a new colour, red while the Mount Kinabalu image remains.
The party re-branding process was aimed to migrate from the communal politics to a universal and inclusive politics by opening the party membership to other races than KDM communities.
Party president, Wilfred Madius Tangau is the state Deputy Chief Minister cum cabinet Minister of Trade and Insutry while his deputy, Donald Peter Mojuntin is the son of a prominent politician, Peter Mojuntin, UPKO currently holds one seat in the federal House of Representatives, one in the Senate and six in the Sabah State Legislative Assembly.
The ancestral (also termed proto-) Trans-Antarctic Mountains were uplifted earlier by the Beardmore orogeny but had eroded as a broad epicratonic sea flooded much of Antarctica in the Cambrian.
Bimodal magmatism and extension mark the beginnings of the orogeny, while during the later phase sedimentary rocks at the continental margin were deformed, metamorphosed and intruded with granite batholiths.
Interpretations of rock forms in Antarctica during the 1980s suggested a westward-dipping subduction zone may have formed along the paleo-Pacific Ocean shoreline of East Antarctica.
During the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician, 450-520 Ma, Cambrian sediments within the Transantarctic Mountains were uplifted, folded, metamorphosed, and intruded by granitoid batholiths.
Evidence of this origin may be found in the Shackleton Range, the Pensacola Mountains, Thiel Mountains, Horlick Mountains, and the Queen Maud Mountains.
The film features Ajay, Sriji, Rakshai, Riyaz Khan and Anu Haasan in lead roles, with Ram Khan, Harris, Vijay Kumar, Biju, Radio One Balaji, Jayashree, Lakshmi and Ammu Ramachandran playing supporting roles.
Bhanu elopes with Siva as she is afraid that her brother would not permit their marriage and they arrive in a forest but they are soon caught by Bhanu's brother and the members of the terrorist organisation in the middle of the night.
Bhanu's brother beats Siva up, takes him to the heart of the city, puts a bomb in his shoe and abandons him.
If Siva stops running or slows down the bomb in his shoe would explode killing him and also triggering a chain of explosions.
The assistant commissioner of police Aadhi Narayanan (Riyaz Khan), the bomb squad officer Anu (Anu Haasan) and the doctor Devi (Jayashree) start following Siva in cars.
Anu decides to defuse the bomb and leads Siva in a remote place where the police set up a treadmill for him.
A tired Siva starts running on the treadmill and Anu who wears a bomb suit orders the police to move away from the place.
Siva is hooked by a crane and Anu orders him to jump, at that moment she puts an adhesive surface under his shoes and the crane lifted him at an unbelievable speed.
Klecheski earned a [School of Foreign Service|[Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service]] from Georgetown University and a Master of Arts and Master of Philosophy from Columbia University.
He served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United States Embassy in Astana, Kazakhstan from 2013 to 2015 and in other overseas assignments in Russia, Iraq, Switzerland, and Poland.
Previous positions also included being Team Leader of the Provincial Reconstruction Team in Diwaniyah in Iraq from 2009 to 2010, and the Political Counselor for the U.S. Mission in Geneva, Switzerland in 2007 to 2009.
Prior to those positions, from 2006 to 2007 he served as the Director of the National Security Council at The White House.
He was also the Political Internal Unit Chief at the U.S. Embassy in Russia from 2003 to 2006 and prior to that, the Deputy Principal Officer at the U.S. Consulate in St. Petersburg, Russia 2000 from 2003.
He has also held the following positions: Senior Watch Officer, Operations Center from 1999 to 2000, as Political Officer at the U.S. Embassy Manila, Philippines from 1996 to 1999 and as Political/Economic Officer at the U.S. Consulate Krakow, Poland from 1992 to 1995.
Before this, he served as a NATO Desk Officer from 1990 to 1992, and as Member of the Nuclear Risk Reduction Center from 1989 to 1990.
On August 13, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Klecheski to be the next United States Ambassador to Mongolia.
Harley Vanston (1926–2016) was an Irish Anglican priest during a long period in the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st.
The 2019-20 Harvard Crimson Men's ice hockey season was the 120th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
Emily Rose Compagno (born November 9, 1979 in East Side of Oakland California) is an American attorney, TV host, and former National Football League (NFL) cheerleader who currently appears as a contributor on Fox News Channel (FNC).
Compagno was born on November 9, 1979 in East Oakland's Oaknoll Naval Hospital, Oakland California]] and raised in El Cerrito, California, the daughter of Katherine (née Bertsch) and John Compagno.
in Political Science from the University of Washington where she was awarded the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps' Cadet of the Quarter Award.
After passing the California bar, she worked as a criminal defense attorney in San Francisco while also serving as captain of the Oakland Raider's cheerleading squad, the Raiderettes.
The NFL selected her as an Ambassador and she promoted the NFL brand in Beijing and Shanghai; and was one of five NFL cheerleaders selected to visit U.S. troops with the USO stationed in Iraq and Kuwait.
Compagno was a Senior Judge Judicial Extern for the John T. Noonan at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
The 2004 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 7–10 October 2004 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The Ivanpah orogeny was a mountain building event in the Proterozoic from 1.71 to 1.70 billion years ago, preserved in the Ivanpah Mountains and the rocks of some mountain ranges in western Arizona and eastern California.
Foliated intrusive rocks including granite-gneiss, augen gneiss as well as amphibolite and granulite-grade metamorphism on the sequence of metamorphic facies offers evidence about the extent of deformation.
The Bayraktar TB2 is an MALE medium altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations developed by Bayraktar primarily for the Turkish Air Force (TAF).
The Bayraktar TB2 first flew in August 2014 On 18 December 2015, a video was published for the missile test of Bayraktar TB2.
In January 2018, Baykar signed an agreement with Ukrspetsproject on the purchase of 12 Turkish Bayraktar TB2 and 3 ground control stations worth $69 million for the Ukrainian army.
In June 2019, international news media reported that the Libyan Government of National Accord used Bayraktar to strike an airbase held by General Haftar's Libyan National Army.
Despite the UN embargo on Libya's ongoing civil war, it is suspected that at least 3 Bayraktar TB2 UCAV are being used over Tripoli by the UN recognized government.
Video evidence shows at-least one Bayraktar TB2 flying over Tripoli about to land at Mitiga's Military section, under control of GNA-allied forces.
Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones were heavily used in Ankara’s three operations to date against Kurdish-led forces in Syria, responsible for the killing of 449 individuals in one of them, amounting to a fifth of the officially declared fatalities.
After a private education Armour trained at the Guildford School of Art from 1930 to 1933 before spending six years studying at the Royal Academy Schools where her teachers included Walter Thomas Monnington and Sir Walter Westley Russell.
The Leica X-U combines the APS-C format CMOS sensor of 16.5 megapixels with the Leica Summilux 23 mm (equals 35 mm field of view in 35 mm-format) f/1.7 ASPH lens.
The camera records video in 1920 x 1080 or 1280 x 720 pixel resolution at 30 frames per second in MP4 video format.
Made in Germany in collaboration with Audi Design, the Leica X-U has a aluminium top plate and an anti-slip TPE protective armor.
The 2003 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 17–23 August 2003 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Kutub Ahmed Mazumder ( – 27 November 2019) was an Indian teacher and politician from Assam belonging to Indian National Congress.
He was elected as a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly from Sonai in 2006 as an Indian National Congress candidate.
The Great Falls orogeny also termed Big Sky orogeny (in reference to its last phase found in the Tobacco Root Mountains) was a mountain building event in the Proterozoic preserved in what is now Montana and northwestern Wyoming.
Beginning around 1.86 billion years ago the Hearne craton and Wyoming craton began to migrate closer together with the closure of the Medicine Hat Ocean.
In the main phase of the Great Falls orogeny, arc magmatism and anatexis occurred as the Montana metasedimentary terrane was buried beneath the Hearne craton (sometimes called the Medicine Hat-Hearne crust).
The Big Sky orogeny refers to the last phase of the orogeny when the metasedimentary terrane was deformed, metamorphosed, melted and preserved in the Tobacco Root Mountains.
The embolus of males has four loops and there are white markings on the ventral surface of the abdomen that darken with age.
The females build nests in trees and stumps more than 50 centimetres above ground, which is higher than most other members of the genus.
The Kinzie Street Bridge is a single-leaf bascule bridge built in 1909 that spans the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States.
In August 2004, a Dave Matthews Band tour bus passing over the bridge intentionally dumped 800 pounds of human waste through the open metal grate bridge deck into the Chicago River.
It was built in 1896 for Thomas Singleton, a cattleman who went on to serve as the first mayor of Ferron in 1900.
He was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a Republican, and the father of a son and four daughters; he died of pneumonia in 1929.
In December 2018 Handabile was recognized as among the top eight Multi Choice female filmmakers in the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
She used the occasion to call for more women to break into traditionally male fields, and for filmmaking to receive more financial support in Zambia.
The 1921 Talladega football team was an American football team that represented the Talladega College during the 1921 college football season.
Other players on the 1920 Talladega team included fullback Edwards from Anniston, halfback Spencer from Edgewater, and halfback Webber from King's Mountain, North Carolina.
Esther Aguigui (born 13 November 1961) is an Army National Guard officer who currently serves as the Adjutant General of the Guam National Guard.
As the Adjutant General, she is responsible for leading and coordinating the use of the Guam National Guard in for both territorial and federal matters.
She served in the Air Force Reserve until 1997 when she transferred to the Guam Air National Guard to become the first female First Sergeant in Guam's history.
In 2000 she was direct commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Guam Army National Guard and became an Adjutant General officer.
From there, Aguigui then became the first female officer to command a battalion level unit in the Guam National Guard when she commanded the Recruiting and Retention Battalion from 2014-2016.
She then became the first female from the Guam National Guard to attend and graduate the resident course of the Army War College at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.
On January 27th, 2019, Guam Governor Lou Leon Guerrero nominated Lieutenant Colonel Esther Aguigui to be the next Adjutant General of Guam, replacing Brigadier General Roderick R. Leon Guerrero who had been serving as Adjutant General since 2015.
The appointment was met with controversy as to whether or not Aguigui met the qualifications and rank to take command of the Guam National Guard, and due to a letter of reprimand issued to her by the outgoing Adjutant General.
However her rank caused Brigadier General Diron J. Cruz, the current Assistant Adjutant General to resign to avoid being subordinate to a lower ranking officer.
While awaiting formal approval by the Guam Legislature, Aguigui was promoted to the state-level rank of Colonel on March 15, 2019 by Governor Guerrero.
Her federal recognition of the rank of Colonel is still pending, due to undisclosed reasons despite a personal appeal from the Governor of Guam.
Aguigui has also received criticism for her staff picks and leadership from members of the Guam National Guard in letters sent to the Governor of Guam.
From 1985 until 2001, Aguigui worked as a teacher at George Washington High School in Mangilao, Guam and Agueda Johnston Middle School in Chalan Pago-Ordot, Guam for the Guam Department of Education.
Blake J. Harris (born 1982) is an American author, journalist and podcaster known for his coverage of historical topics in video games and virtual reality based in New York City, NY.
The book follows businessman Tom Kalinske during his tenure as CEO of video game company Sega of America, and details the history of business competition between Sega and Nintendo throughout the 1990s.
Harris wrote the book in a novelistic style based on interviews with people involved in the events, using the information he gathered to create a dramatic interpretation of the events.
A film adaptation of the book directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg was announced in February 2014, which has since transitioned to a limited television series with Legendary Television.
Tootu Madike is an upcoming Indian, Kannada language comedy suspense film directed by Chandra Keerthi and produced under Sarvata Cine Garage and Giri Basava Productions in association with SpreadOn Studio.
Apart from directing and acting in the film Chandra Keerthi along with Dollar and ASG co-wrote the script and the story of the film.
The dialogues are written by Raghu Niduvalli who had recently penned dialogues for hit films like Bell Bottom, and many more.
Pre-production began in March 2019 and subsequently in June 2019 an unique title poster was released which went on to be viral across all platforms.
Cogliatti arranged the colored surfaces together to create illusionist interruptions, niches and windows in the wall, creating an imaginary living and living space, a ″colorful city″.
Cracks on the shore prompted the city council to instruct the engineers Albert Heim and Robert Moser with a technical analysis, which was completed in July 1884; their report strongly criticized the project.
Because of the influence of the municipal minister of construction Clemens Henggeler, the critical report of Heim and Moser were hardly discussed in the city council, and the work was continued.
After a few days, disaster tourism began; onlookers, who came from far away, were driven on ships to the demolition zone for 40 Centimes.
In the northern area of the disaster zone, a memorial stone with a poem by Isabelle Kaiser remembers since 1887 to the disaster.
The Petermann orogeny was a mountain building event in the Neoproterozoic through the early Cambrian, 580 to 540 million years ago.
The Medicine Hat Ocean is an inferred small ocean basin that closed in the Proterozoic as the Hearne craton and Wyoming craton collided.
Roussouw toured with the Springboks to France and England in 1992 but sustained an injury and had to return to South Africa and was replaced by FC Smit.
The Edmundian orogeny is a preserved low-grade reworking of sedimentary to metasedimentary rocks in the Gascoyne Complex of Western Australia from 1.68 billion to 1.46 billion years ago.
Pagan were formed in 2013 as a reaction against the Melbourne metalcore scene, which the members believe to be too limiting, both stylistically and culturally.
Santilli, Bonnici and Morasco had been playing music in bands for around twenty years prior to the forming the band, and Brumen has been playing for half a decade.
In November and December 2018, the band headlined a tour of the U.K. and Europe with support from Phoxjaw, Old Blue Last and Mother's Ruin.
In May 2019, they toured the U.K., playing festivals such as Slam Dunk Festival and The Great Escape Festival, and opened for Microwave on their European headline tour.
After returning from tour, bassist Dan Bonnici had his bass and a remote power supply stylized after the band's logo stolen from his car outside his home in Melbourne.
In an article for Kerrang!, they were described as a merger between the sounds of Marmozets, Møl and Employed to Serve.
The 2002 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 28–31 August 2002 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The Sleaford orogeny was an event in the assembly of the Gawler Craton, which now underlies the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.
Between 2.46 and 2.41 billion years ago in the Proterozoic, the Sleaford and Mulgathing complexes emplaced among the older 3.15 billion year old Archean Cooyerdoo Granite 2.82 billion year old Coolanie Gneiss with sedimentary, felsic and ultramafic igneous rocks.
Mary Elizabeth would emerge as an important part of Bryan's career, managing his correspondence and helping him prepare speeches and articles.
To help Mary cope with her worsening health during the harsh winters of Nebraska, the Bryans bought a farm in Mission, Texas in 1909.
The Bryans were active citizens in Miami, leading a fundraising drive for the YMCA and frequently hosting the public at their home.
William was named secretary of state by President Woodrow Wilson in 1913 but resigned in 1915 after Wilson's strong response to the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
In 1916, Mary moved the household to Miami full-time and became a leader in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the National American Woman Suffrage Association.
Mary agreed with the traditional notion that the proper place for a woman was in the home but they should still be allowed to cast a ballot twice a year.
In April 1917, she delivered an hour and a half speech to the Florida legislature in favor of a constitutional amendment to enfranchise women.
Afterwards returning from the funeral in Washington, she wrote more than half of the nearly 600-page memoirs of William Jennings Bryan that were published later that year.
Ruth won election to Congress in 1928 and later served as the ambassador to Denmark during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
William Williamson (1645-1722) was an Irish Anglican priest in the late seventeenth century and the first three decades of the eighteenth.
Chemical gardening refers to the process of creating complex biological-looking structures by mixing chemicals together wherever large amounts of such chemicals naturally occur.
One use of the study of chemical gardening is to be better able to distinguish biological structures, including fossils, from non-biological structures on the planet Mars.
He has written books on D. H. Lawrence, Raja Rao, and Mulk Raj Anand, and has been Director General of The Africa Centre, Director of Literature at the Arts Council of Great Britain and of the British Council, a principal of Cumberland Lodge, and president of English PEN.
He next lectured in English literature at the University of Leeds, where he received his Doctorate, and then taught English Studies at Stirling University, where he was given charge of Commonwealth literature.
In 2017, Niven argued that allowing American authors to contend for the Booker award would not lead to American dominance, pointing to authors from other countries having won recent international literary awards.
Ion-Marcel Ciolacu, (born 28 November 1967) is a Romanian politician who currently serves as the President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of Romania and is the leader of the Social Democratic Party.
A previously little known politician, Ciolacu came into national prominence when he was propped up by former leader of the Social-Democratic Party to become deputy prime minister in 2018 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mihai Tudose.
Initially given this office in order to control Tudose and report of his activities to Liviu Dragnea (who had been unable to become prime minister himself and was wary of Tudose becoming a power player in the party), Ciolacu soon broke with Dragnea and became an ally of Tudose against Dragnea's leadership.
He once more returned to prominence in 2019 after Liviu Dragnea had been convicted on corruption charges and sent to prison to serve a 3 years and 6 months sentence.
With the Social Democrats still controlling a weak majority both in the Chamber and in the Senate, Ciolacu was propped up by the new leadership to become the President of the Chamber of Deputies, succeeding Dragnea himself, one day after the latter's incarceration.
Ciolacu maintained a low profile until the new leader of the PSD Viorica Dăncilă was overwhelmingly defeated in the 2019 Romanian presidential election.
On 25 November 2019, one day after the presidential election, Ciolacu visited Dăncilă at home in order to convince her to step down as party leader.
Seemingly unsuccessful, Ciolacu and other party leaders forced a special party committee, where Dăncilă and the rest of her leadership were convinced to resign, lest they be excluded from the party.
In the aftermath, Ciolacu was named leader of the party ad-interim, until a party congress would select a leader in February 2020.
In 1995 he is thought to have graduated the Ecological University of Bucharest, even though that university only received its authorization later that year.
In 2012 he completed a master's programme in the Management of the Public Sector at the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration.
Ciolacu is a founding member of PSD, back when the party was known as the National Salvation Front, in the aftermath of the Romanian Revolution of 1989.
During the early nineties, Ciolacu climbed the steps in local politics and by 1996 he became the second-in-command of the Youth Organization of the party.
He entered national politics in 2012 he was first elected for a deputy seat in Parliament for which he was re-elected in 2016.
In 2017, almost completely unknown on the national political stage, Ciolacu was named deputy prime minister in the cabinet led by Mihai Tudose.
Tudose's predecessor, Sorin Grindeanu was ousted from his position by PSD itself, a move instigated by Liviu Dragnea, then-leader of the party and of the Chamber of Deputies.
Dragnea, unable to become prime minister himself in the aftermath of the landslide victory of PSD in the 2016 Romanian legislative election because of a suspended conviction for electoral fraud in 2012, was forced to find a suitable candidate for the office of prime minister, but he needed that someone to also be loyal to him on a personal level.
Grindeanu gradually broke off with Dragnea during his premiership, and by May 2017 the relationship between the two had deteriorated irreparably.
As a consequence, Grindeanu was ordered to resign by Dragnea, an order which he refused, citing his responsibility as leader of the Executive, and not merely a party pawn.
Unable to find other ways to replace Grindeanu, Dragnea ordered all other ministers in his cabinet to resign, which they did on 15 June, but not even this could make Grindeanu resign, now determined to fight with Dragnea until the end for control of both the party and his premiership.
Nevertheless, a motion of no confidence instigated by PSD against its own government was successful passing with 241 votes, 8 votes more than the required 233 threshold.
For the first time, Dragnea was facing strong dissent in the party at the prospect that President Klaus Iohannis would not name another PSD member to become prim minister, electing instead to force early elections.
Since the procedure of calling early elections laid down in the Constitution of Romania is complicated and difficult to trigger, and seeing PSD still had the necessary majority to form another government, the president decided to name Mihai Tudose, Dragnea's newest proposal as prime minister.
Tudose was not, however, Dragnea's first choice and the PSD leader needed to find ways to control him better than Grindeanu, who had shown him that the office of prime minister was strong enough to allow its holder to wrestle his power in the party away from him.
For this reason, Ciolacu was named deputy prime minister in the Tudose Cabinet, in order to become Dragnea's ears in the government.
The relationship between Tudose and Dragnea also started deteriorating rapidly, as had been the case with Grindeanu, but the two maintained publicly that there was no strain between them.
Tudose soon declared publicly that there was only one person who he would not tolerate being removed from his cabinet, Ciolacu.
In January 2018, Tudose attempted to take full control of his government by asking the resignation of his Interior minister, Carmen Dan, a Dragnea mouthpiece and loyal lieutenant.
As it became quite apparent that this was another power struggle between the prime minister and the leader of the SDP, Ciolacu publicly positioned himself in the Tudose camp.
Seeing as a majority of the party remained loyal to Dragnea, Tudose decided to resign and not face a motion of no confidence like his predecessor.
Throughout 2018 and the first half 2019 he kept himself out of the spotlight but continued the opposition against Dragnea's leadership.
In October 2018, the press reported an alleged physical altercation in Parliament between Ciolacu and Dragnea, but both denied the claim.
On 27 May 2019, Liviu Dragnea was convicted of abuse of power and sentenced to 3 years and six months in prison.
Subsequently, his position as President of the Chamber of Deputies was vacated as well as his leadership position in the party.
Ciolacu emerged once more in the public eye trying to find a way to turn himself into one of the party's main leaders.
The party's new leader, Viorica Dăncilă, the third prime minister named by Dragnea, was now looking for ways to cement her leadership of the party.
On 29 May 2019, Ciolacu was voted the new head of the Chamber, but only narrowly and with the support of PSD-breakaway party, Pro Romania, support given by former Prime Minister Tudose, a member of that party.
In October 2019, a motion of no confidence was initiated by the PNL-led opposition that successfully removed Dăncilă from power, even though Ciolacu maintained that the Dăncilă Cabinet would not fall.
Subsequently, he reluctantly supported Viorica Dăncilă's bid to the presidency of Romania but after her failure and her historically weak result, Ciolacu went on to take control of the party.
On 25 November 2019, one day after the presidential election, Marcel Ciolacu personally visited Dăncilă in her home and asked her to peacefully resign from the party's leadership, offering her a MP seat in the next legislative election.
Having initially refused, Dăncilă mulled the offer throughout the day, and on 26 November 2019 she decided to call another special party meeting where she hoped to convince the local party leaders, who were determined to oust her, to let her retain the leadership of the PSD.
Even though by the party's statute, the next in line to assume the interim leadership of the party was Eugen Teodorovici, a Dăncilă loyalist and former Minister of Finance, Ciolacu was able to become the party's leader by securing the dissolution of the entire party leadership.
Following his becoming leader of the party, he announced that PSD will be led through collective leadership and that a congress will be organized in February, by which a full leader will be appointed.
The Kimban orogeny also termed the Strangways orogeny affected the Gawler Craton in what is now Australia between 1.73 and 1.69 billion years ago in the Proterozoic.
As the most widespread orogenic event in the craton's evolution, the Kimban orogeny led to widely variable metamorphism included granulite and greenschist-grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies, preserved in the Tunkillia, Moody and Middlecamp rock suites.
The Miltalie orogeny also termed the Miltalie event was a small orogenic event 400 millions after the Sleaford orogeny in the Proterozoic, indicated by metasedimentary rocks preserved in the Miltalie Gneiss.
Van Zandt has been featured on records steadily since 1975 as a member of Bruce Springsteen's The E Street Band and Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, as well as with his own band Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul.
At the time, the Gawler Craton in what is now Australia may have been experiencing passive margin conditions, given the rocks found in the Hutchison Group overlying the Miltalie Gneiss (formed in the earlier Miltalie event).
In the following year she was beaten in four races in Britain but the showed top class form over sprint distances when she was campaigned in France later in the year.
She won the Prix Moonlight Cloud and the Prix du Petit Couvert before recording her biggest victory in the Group 1 Prix de l'Abbaye.
She was from the fourth crop of foals sired by Dream Ahead, an outstanding sprinter from the Godolphin Arabian sire-line whose wins included the Prix Morny, Middle Park Stakes, July Cup, Haydock Sprint Cup and Prix de la Forêt.
As a breeding stallion, his other progeny have included Donjuan Triumphant (British Champions Sprint Stakes) and Al Wukair (Prix Jacques Le Marois).
On 7 June Glass Slippers made her debut in a five furlong maiden race at Haydock Park for which she started a 50/1 outsider and finished third to Angel's Hideaway, beaten four and a quarter lengths by the winner.
Franny Norton took the ride when the filly ran sixth in a similar event over six furlongs at Goodwood Racecourse on 1 August after being repeatedly denied a clear run.
Two weeks later she went off the 5/4 favourite for a minor race at Beverley Racecourse and recorded her first success as she took the lead a furlong from the finish and came home two lengths clear of her rivals.
Three weeks later the filly was stepped up in class for the Group 3 Firth of Clyde Stakes on heavy ground at Ayr Racecourse and finished sixth to Queen of Bermuda after tiring in the closing stages.
Glass Slippers made no impact on her first appearance of 2019 as she trailed home fifteenth of the sixteen runners behind Dandhu in the Fred Darling Stakes at Newbury on 13 April after losing both of her front shoes in the race.
In the Listed Cecil Frail Stakes at Haydock in May she was matched against older fillies and mares and produced a better effort as she came home fifth behind Forever In Dreams, beaten just over two lengths by the winner.
On 22 June she dropped back to five furlongs for the Listed Land O'Burns Fillies' Stakes at Ayr and was beaten a neck by the five-year-old mare Rebecca Rocks in a race which saw the first two finishers racing on opposite sides of the course.
After four consecutive defeats in Britain, Glass Slippers was sent to France to contest the Listed Prix Moonlight Cloud over 1200 metres at Deauville Racecourse on 4 August and started a 10/1 outsider in an eight-runner field.
She was in contention from the start, went to the front 300 metres from the finish and held off a challenge from Bravo Sierra to win by a neck, despite being forced to the right by the runner-up in the closing stages.
On 15 September the filly returned to France for the Group 3 Prix du Petit Couvert over 1000 metres at Longchamp Racecourse and went off at odds of 14.9/1 in a twelve-runner field headed by the Prix de Saint-Georges winner Sestilio Jet.
Glass Slippers started slowly and looked outpaced in the early stages before beginning to make headway in the last 300 metres and overtook Shades of Blue (another British-trained three-year-old filly) in the final strides to win by a short neck.
Glass Slippers started at odds of 12.8/1 when she was stepped up to Group 1 for the Prix de l'Abbaye over 1000 metres at Longchamp on 6 October.
Battaash was made the odds-on favourite while the other fourteen runners included Fairyland, Mabs Cross, Shades of Blue, Sestilio Jet, Spinning Memories (Prix de Meautry, Soldier's Call (Flying Childers Stakes), Invincible Army (Duke of York Stakes) So Perfect (Lacken Stakes) and Finsbury Square (Prix du Gros Chene).
Glass Slippers took the lead after 300 metres and was never headed, drawing away from her rivals in the closing stages to come home three lengths clear of So Perfect.
The 2001 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 5–11 August 2001 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Monika Werner (born 10 March 1938) is a German former politician who was a member of the State Council of East Germany, the country's collective head of state, from 1986 until 1990.
She was a functionary of the Free German Youth, joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1958 and the Free German Trade Union Federation in 1960.
From 1963 until 1989 she was a member of the , where she participated in the committees on finance and social issues, and later also the (State Council).
Members of Prosomicrocotylinae are characterized by their haptor divided into two separate marginal frills, each of which extends along lateral margin of body proper.
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida convicted her of attempting to import night-vision goggles to Iran, that led to her imprisonment in the United States from 2007 to 2012.
During the separation, Mirgholikhan was also briefly married to another man through a sham marriage to obtain permission papers to leave Iran.
Following her release from the U.S. prison, she returned to Iran and was employed at the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), as the director of international relations at Press TV under Mohammad Sarafraz, then-head of the channel.
Archaeological excavations show that in the 1st century BC an ancient Semigallian settlement existed on the hill where later Bauska Castle was built.
At the beginning of the 13th century, Bauska mound was part of land, the center of which was on the nearby Mežotne mound.
In 1254, Upmale land was divided into Archbishopric of Riga land and Livonian Order land on the left bank of the Lielupe river.
It is first mentioned in 1443 when Livonian Order ordered the erection of the fortress on the ancient mound, which was to serve as an Order border fortress on the border with competing Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
As Bauska's neighborhood was sparsely populated at that time, the castle was built by ethnic Votes, who was prisoners of war with Novgorod.
There was a church of St. Gertrude with a cemetery, a pastor's house, a pub, a school built in 1570, landlords' houses, and fishermen's cottages.
After the military setbacks Livonian War at the beginning Livonian Order in 1559, Bauska Castle was forced to mortgage its allied Lithuanians.
When the State of the Order ceased to exist after the conclusion of Treaty of Vilnius in 1561, the surrendering of Bauska Castle became part of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
On May 11, 1575, a fire broke out in a Duke-owned pub that burned down the entire castle settlement () except the church.
The protection of the castle and the further growth of the town were limited by its location on a narrow peninsula.
In 1584, following the order of the Duke of Courland Gotthard Kettler, the castle settlement was dismantled and residents began to build a new town on the left bank of the Nemunėlis river at the location of modern Bauska Old Town.
Already in 1573, a wooden church was built for the Latvian congregation on the territory of the present-day garden at Trinity Lutheran Church.
In 1705, the church was in such a bad condition that the church services for the Latvian congregation were transferred to the German Church of the Holy Spirit.
In 1726, funds are being raised for the repair of the church, which is nearing its end when, in 1733, Michael Heinz, a tall skerry dragon, burns it down completely, setting fire to the church's straw roof.
Between 1591 and 1594, the city built a Bauska Evangelical Lutheran Church, which was the first stone building in the city.
In 1609, Duke Friedrich Kettler gave Bauska a stamp with the image of a lion of Courland, now considered the year of the granting of city rights.
According to the police regulations approved by Duke Friedrich, Bauska's town council consisted of eight people - a mayor, a captive (judge) and six city councilors.
It had a regular block layout consisting of two main streets parallel to Mēmele, a market square with a town hall, two Lutheran churches, and one-story wooden buildings.
There was no shortage of wealthy people in Bauska, as evidenced by the remains of the magnificent pottery found, as well as the establishment of a goldsmith's cunfte office in 1638.
At the request of Bauska goldsmiths Heinrich Tinnes, Bertram Hilbrant, Hans Garding and Berent Boanne, the Duke of Courland issued Bauska Goldsmiths' Statute in 1638.
Bauska goldsmiths made a variety of gold and silver items for the needs of local landlords, churches, merchants and rich farmers.
In 1712, Bauska goldsmith Christoffer Kölsing asks to be admitted to the Jelgava Goldsmith's Cunfte, as all Bauska goldsmiths have died in the Great Northern War plague outbreak.
After the war and the end of the plague, the pre-war hustle and bustle in Bauska Castle and the city returned as it had survived mostly unharmed.
It is possible that the Bauska Castle was visited by the King of Poland Augustus II the Strong and the Russian Tsar Peter I, who in the winter of 1701 held talks on the further war tactics in Biržai Castle.
After the victory over the Saxons at the crossing of the Düna battle in 1701, Bauska was captured by the army of King Charles XII of Sweden and was temporarily taken away by Russian troops in 1705.
On July 3, 1709, church services were banned in Bauska in order to prevent plague from spreading, and the dead were buried outside the burial grounds of churches.
On July 17, Commander of the Russian Empire troops in Bauska, Lieutenant Colonel Kunicki of the Polish Uhlans Regiment, learned of the approaching Prussian intelligence unit, confronted it and launched a battle in four versts or about from Bauska, but was defeated and forced to retreat in the direction of Iecava ().
On July 18, Bauska was captured by the 27th Prussian Division of General Julius von Grawert of the Napoleon Army Marshal Jacques MacDonald's Prussian Corps on their way toward Riga.
On May 1, 1815, the peak of the tall Lutheran church tower was struck by lightning repeatedly, also destroying the masonry.
Beginning in 1820, Jews who had previously lived in a separate settlement behind the river were allowed to settle in Bauska.
In 1823, there were 120 dwellings in Bauska, of which only six were brick or brick houses, so the city was often devastated by fires.
From November 17, 1831 to January 24, 1832, the , which participated in the repression of November Uprising Congress Poland, arrives for winter recreation.
In 1848, farmers were allowed to settle freely throughout the territory of Courland Governorate (including towns), many rural craftsmen came to Bauska and became one of the Zemgale grain, flax, linseed, and livestock trade centers.
By order of the Governor of Kurzeme in 1858, there were 25 pubs and inns in Bauska where beverages could be sold to farmers who came to the market.
The city is not only a center for agricultural commodities, but it is also where the production of goods for farmers begins to develop.
In the mid-19th century, there were 126 craftsmen in the city, including 23 shoemakers, 35 shops, 37 pubs, a wool mill, the Up and Down watermills, a sawmill, an agricultural tool factory, and a brick kiln.
In the middle of the 19th century Bauska was a multinational city, but many of the privileges inherited from earlier times have been maintained by the Baltic Germans, in whose hands still was the entire city administration.
In 1889, Bauska, along with other Latvian cities, dismantled the German magistrate which was governing city from 1511 and introduced the city-wide system of city administration.
The most active in trade were the Jews, who at that time accounted for more than half of the city's population, and in 1863 owned 70 of the city's 75 shops.
Since the end of the 19th century Latvians have been also mentioned among the wealthiest households, craftsmen and entrepreneurs of the city.
19th century in the late 20th century At the beginning of the year the construction of brick buildings expanded in the city.
The central part of the city was still on the left bank of Mēmele, with only the Big Street (now Riga Street) and the Market Square (now Town Hall Square), where the market was held twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays).
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the townhouses the Bauska County School, the Julian Beeke private girls' gymnasium and the Žibeika Commercial School, as well as the Jewish religious school 'yeshiva'.
During these years the hospital was modernized, a cattle slaughterhouse was built, a sewerage system was partially built, and a city telephone exchange was opened, connecting Bauska with Jelgava and Riga.
On October 23, a rally took place under the red flag in the castle ruins, attended by a couple of thousand people.
At the end of the year, a revolutionary steering committee was established to control power until the beginning of January 1906, when it was repressed punitive expedition.
Before them, a fierce struggle broke out between the German (10 seats) and the Jewish (2 seats) coalition that won the 1902 elections and the Latvian MPs (8 seats).
As only those earning a certain level of income could vote, in order to reduce the number of Latvian voters, a number of Latvian homebuyers were lowered to the value of 300 rubles.
As a large shopping center, the city had 15 beer bars, 6 taverns, 4 hotel-pubs, 4 beer stores, 4 wine cellars, 2 vodka stores, 1 garden restaurant, and the Loding Brewery, which produces about 100,000 buckets of beer per year.
Children are taught by 8 schools, of which 4 are second grade and 4 elementary, with a total of around 900.
Almost half of the city's population (mostly Jews) were forced to flee by the Russian authorities before the Germans arrived in 1915.
From March to November 1918, Bauska was part of the restored by Baltic Germans Duchy of Courland and later United Baltic Duchy, which, on November 18, lost power to Latvian Provisional Government led by Kārlis Ulmanis.
On November 30, the city council was formed of five people, and the first head of Bauska city was Janis Klavins , the lawyer, and his deputies were R. Gutman, J. Viumsons, J. Israelelsons and E. Rijkur.
Already at the first meeting, it was decided that the meetings would be held in Latvian instead of the former German or Russian language.
As he stated that the Red Riflemen were not to be feared, because they were not Bolsheviks, but good Latvians, German townspeople sought to dismiss Klavins.
On January 6, when a white-collar unit in Russian uniforms passed through the city, retreating from the Bolsheviks, the townspeople regarded them as Red Army men and were invited to a ball at the Kurzeme Hotel.
On January 7, a unit defeated by the Bolshevik reached [Bauska] | The Landesweavers send a delegation for negotiation under the command of an officer, whom Klavins ordered to arrest.
Regular units of the Red Army went further, but a number of Bolshevik activists remained in the city, who introduced Soviet s power.
House searches and seizures of property took place, and nearly all German families were stripped of their clothes, silverware and food.
Von Ulot was shot for directing the police during the oppression of the 1905 revolution, while Beelenstein was a member of the German occupation regime.
During the months of the Bolshevik rule, several merchants were shot, as well as Latvians and Germans accused of unauthorized speculation or in cooperation with the German army.
March 12 There was a meeting in the Bauska Church of the Holy Spirit, which was to be attended by all the inhabitants of the city.
After the Landesvere units liberated Jelgava from the Bolsheviks, on March 19, panic broke out among the Bolsheviks and left a number of prisoners, including Pastor Strautman, but returned on March 20.
On March 21, German pastor Fricis Stafenhagen hid in a neighbor's garden house to avoid becoming a victim of the Bolshevik terror.
On March 23, at around 7:00 am, from the north and east of the city, came the town of Count York, backed by Brandis branch.
Bauska was defended by the Soviet Latvian Army 99th Regiment, supported by units of the 3rd and 8th Latvian Red Rifle Regiments.
Bauska Commander fon Betiher was appointed Battalion Commander, and Latvian officers Berzins, Krasts and Ermanis were appointed Commanders of the Battalion.
When the Bolshevik attacked Bauska on April 28 and approached Mēmele Bridge, 50 armed Bauska battalion soldiers under the leadership of Vilis Olavs (1902-1944) broke into Derpele manor and attacked the bomber.
On May 1, the Bauska Battalion together with the Germans went on a counterattack against the Lithuanian attacking Bolshevik forces, captured 35 enemy soldiers and gained 2 machine guns.
On May 22, 1919, the city was taken over by the government of Andrievs Niedra and commanded by Pavel Bermondt-Avalov in September 1919.
During the battles of West Russian Volunteer Army and against Latvian Armies Bauska was released by Valmiera and Jelgava regiments on the morning of November 17, 1919, obtaining hundreds of rifles, dozens of machine guns and two artillery-loaded wagons.
On January 18, 1920, the first free city council elections were held, and on January 30, Juri Vareno was elected head of the city.
The February 1928 City Council elections [by the Senate of Latvia] were declared unlawful by a decision of October 15, 1928, and were canceled because they involved 43 city-dependent disabled people who live not in Bauska, but in Durban Manor of Bauska Parish.
189 votes were cast for List 2 of the German Group, with Bruno Lodins and Arved Steben elected to the Duma.
530 votes were cast for List 3 of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party and Bauska Organization, Eduards Rijkuris, Kārlis Pumpurs, Jēkabs Lūde and Jānis Piļevskis were elected to the Council.
Former Lutheran Rectory lands (Garden, Acacia, Birch, Pilgrim, Meadow, Birzu Streets) and Orthodox Rectory (Uzvaras and Pilskalna Streets) were given to the city of Bauska during the Latvian Agrarian Reform in 1920s.
In 1926, the construction of the new Bauska Elementary School (now Bauska State Gymnasium) on Uzvaras Street, which cost 863 983 Ls, was commenced and completed.
From 1923, a weekly newspaper, Bauskas Vestnesis, was published, the circulation of which increased from 400 in the late 1920s to 3,000 in the mid-1930s.
On January 18, 1931, the Latvian Red Cross Outpatient Clinic was opened at Pils (Plūdoņa) Street 24, which was free of charge for the poor but 10 centimes for wealthy visitors.
On May 16, in Bauska, church bells are heard, state flags are being flown, and Bauska Church of the Holy Spirit in the evening a solemn service is held.
May 31: Adjutant of the Guard Regiment, Eduards Kasparsons, who has no previous work experience in the municipality, is appointed head of the city.
The former city leaders Augusts Ilziņš and Juris Varenais continue to be active in the new city board, only the Social Democrats and minorities are excluded from power.
Already on June 1, it is announced that the Zaļā Zemgale newspaper Zaļā Zemgale, wholly loyal to the official line of Ulmanis, which is coming out in autumn 1933, is merging with Bauskas Vestnesis.
An audit commission has been set up to investigate the work of the former City Council, which is more formal as the deputy mayor Ilzins has been appointed as a member of the city board and the audit commission is headed by the former city mayor and councilor Juris Varenais.
On June 17, 1935, at the suggestion of the Mayor Casparsons, 29 locals established the Bauska Branch of the Latvian Aeroclub.
In 1935 it was leased 12.2 ha of city meadows for 500 lats a year for 10 years for the construction of an airfield, which costs 2270 lats.
In the mid-1930s, the city purchased a building on Pils Street 26, a health care center on Vienibas Street 17 and a shop building on the Market Square.
They include a 12-meter wide and half-meter deep canal to facilitate the flow of timber rafts in a very shallow river.
On the peninsula between Bauska Castle and Ķirbaksala in 1937, the planting and establishment of the park began on 15 May.
In Bauska Castle, the ruins were strengthened and a viewing area was built in the tower, which was also visited by Kārlis Ulmanis in June 1938.
In the late 1930s, when traditional markets became less popular, the town's income was supplemented by slaughterhouse work, which was rented for $6,000 a year.
Following the coup, Bauska Farmers' Credit Union, Bauska Latvian Credit Union and Bauska Homeowner Credit Unions are merged into Bauska Credit Union.
In total, loans in the amount of LVL 1.69 million were issued to enterprises and residents of Bauska city and district.
Electricity was sold for 0.40 LVL per kilowatt-hour to households, 0.25 LVL to industrial companies, and 0.19 LVL per kilowatt-hour to local government.
After Nazi Germany and Soviet Union entered into the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, Latvia fell into the USSR sphere of influence in accordance with the Pact secret protocols and was promptly annexed by USSR in 1940.
After the end of the Polish Campaign in late 1939, almost all Germans left the Bauska and relocated to the newly annexed territories in Western Poland.
Among those who left were pastor Eckert of the Bauska German congregation, doctors Trey and Kolbe, owner of the brewery Lodin with his family, shopkeepers Miller, etc.
January 11, 1941 in honor of January 12 Several thousand city dwellers attended a rally on the market square for the election of the USSR Supreme Council.
Already at the beginning of July 1941 Bauska Synagogue was burnt down, on July 9, a Jewish ghetto was created behind Salātu Street, and on July 15, 56 Jews were publicly castrated in Bauska Marketplace.
By the end of August, some 2,000 living in Bauska and the surrounding area had been killed in the city and the Vecsaule Concentration Camp.
A number of German occupation authorities attended the anniversary event, Latvian General Area Commissioner-General Drehsler, Jelgava County Commissioner von Medem, Director-General for Home Affairs Oscar Danker, etc.
The speeches emphasized the positive role of German Militarism, as well as the unity of Germans and Latvians during the war.
The celebration on June 20 began at 8 a.m. with church services in the city, and at 9 a.m. the ceremonial act of reprivatization in the castle ruins began, during which 1000 land and house owners received property documents on the properties nationalized in 1940 by the Captain Commissioner.
At 11 a.m., a solemn act began in the town hall, spoken by the town's elder J. Skalder, Otto Drehsler and Oscar Danker.
The defensive city of the German Army was protected from rapid capture by the Battle Battalion formed on July 29 by the Chief of Bauska County and the Commander of the 13th Bauska Guard Regiment Major Janis Uuks The 300 battalions were made up of guards and policemen from the 13th Bauska Guards Battalion, who were also volunteers and mobilized citizens.
On July 29, the Uuluk Battalion took a defensive line on the banks of the Lielupe River opposite Bornsminde s and launched a battle with the attackers Red Army soldiers.
The city defenders were not sufficiently armed at the start of the fighting, and much of the automatic weaponry was acquired during the battle, as war trophies from Soviet soldiers killed or captured.
The 322-F Battalion was formed in Riga only on July 26, and was sent to the battles in Lithuania after which they retreated to Bauska and took defensive positions along our line, Bauska-Ceraukste-Brunava, but retreated to Jaunsaule in early September.
At the end of July, the 23rd Gauja Battalion, in the 215th Infantry Division, engaged in battles near Bauska, was besieged and retreated to Kegums.
After the first three days of fighting, the Ukulu Battalion was replaced by the 380th German Grenadier Regiment, who for six weeks, along with Latvian Legionnaire and Police Battalion units, defended the city under Lieutenant Colonel Herba, who was awarded Iron Cross Knight's Cross in mid-August.
In addition to the German army, for six weeks one Latvian Legion, a guard battalion, and three Latvian Police Battalions repelled Red Army attempts to capture the city.
On the night of August 18, the Red Army's 179th Division troops moved to Lielupe and, on the morning of August 19, the 306th Division crossed us over Dirda's seed after heavy artillery fire.
The German army pulled in additional troops, Ferdinand and Tiger tanks and, after several hours of fighting, brought the Red Army to the south coast of Musa.
Although retreating the Red Army blasted the bridge, the Germans managed to cross the river and return to the defense platoon.
During the 6-week battle, the Red Army unsuccessfully attempted to capture Bauska by crossing Us by the shallows of Dirda, Vimbu Pub, Bornsminde, and Mežotne.
The civilian population of Bauska was evacuated from the city at the end of July, but a volunteer fire brigade continued to operate in the city and the brewery continued to operate.
One third of Bauska buildings were destroyed in aviation attacks (100 buildings destroyed, 300 with varying degrees of damage), and the Bauska State Gymnasium burned down.
On the morning of September 14, a massive attack by Soviet land and air broke out, breaking the resistance of city defenders around noon.
Latvian partisans and anti-Soviet activists were active in Bauska and the region in the first post-war years, when they were attempting to resist Soviet occupation.
From the autumn of 1948 till the summer of 1950 there was a Bauska Secondary School Youth National Resistance Organization led by Gunārs Zemtautis.
The old Market Square is transformed into October Square rallies with the Lenin Monument (1951), while the new Kolkhoz Market is created in 1950 in the place of the old town's ruined houses between Pludson and Industrial Streets.
A couple of kilometers from the town, a Bauska incubator and a poultry farm were established, starting a poultry farming industry here.
Bauska expanded into the former city meadows and swampy areas - apartment buildings, a second high school built in 1963, a bus station (1970), a hotel, a post office and a telephone exchange (1986).
Preserved in the Rudall Complex of the Paterson Orogen, the event led to thrust stacking of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, granite intrusion, paragneiss formation and metamorphism up to granulite-grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies.
Ivy Singh-Lim (born 1949) is a Singaporean farmer and former president of Netball Singapore and the Asian Federation of Netball Associations (AFNA).
Singh-Lim was born in Singapore in 1949 into a wealthy family where her father traced his lineage to the Rajput clan.
Singh-Lim has served as president of the Kranji Countryside Association, which is a union of farms in Singapore and was started in 2005.
Singh-Lim emphasizes that it is important for people to have access to nature and feels that providing public access to farms helps accomplish this goal.
She is also active in taking care of animals, supporting the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) and in 2015 owned 19 dogs.
The median price ratio (MPR) is the ratio given by dividing the median local unit price of a medication by the median international reference unit price, usually from the International Medical Products Price Guide.
This measure was created in 2003 by the Health Action International (HAI) and World Health Organization (WHO) as a standard measure to facilitate national and international comparisons of drug prices.
For example, a 10% MPR for a $10 reference price yields an absolute price variation of $1, whereas for a $200 reference price the variation would be $20.
To solve this issue, the WHO/HAI recommend to check the international reference price when very high or low MPR variations are observed.
The MPR has been used in several studies investigating the availability and variation of medication prices, and the effects of various medication pricing policies.
Pilar Civeira Murillo (born August 26, 1952) is a Spanish doctor and professor who leads the Center for Applied Medical Research at the University of Navarra.
She also received a special award with her Ph.D. After that she went on to specialise at the University of Barcelona..
She was to direct the centre and its 300 researchers and staff in partnership with scientific director Dr. Jesús San Miguel and manager Javier Mata.
A proposal for the building's construction began 2016 with Chinese construction firm Beijing Construction Engineering Group being selected as the main contractor.
The journal is edited by Phil Feldman and is currently published by Project Innovation, a publisher that was on Beall's list before it was taken down in 2017.
After a handful of shows with temporary substitute Dave Berk, the band replaced Scabies for a European tour the following month with Jon Moss.
In the following months, Vanian, Sensible (on guitar) and Scabies performed a handful of shows as the Doomed, with Motörhead frontman Lemmy filling in on bass.
He was replaced in July 1981 by Pete Saunders, who subsequently made way for Roman Jugg in November, after Saunders's initially chosen replacement Tosh was unable to join.
In March 1983, however, Gray left to join UFO, with Bryn Merrick (a former bandmate of Jugg's in the group Victimize) taking his place.
Before a show on 24 August 1984, Captain Sensible left the Damned to focus on his solo career, with Jugg taking over as lead guitarist and Steve McGuire of Doctor and the Medics temporarily filling in on keyboards.
Sensible and James continued to tour with the existing lineup (with Gray in place of Bryn), performing select songs at shows during 1989.
After a few shows into the September 1991 run, Brian James left the band suddenly following an argument with Captain Sensible and Rat Scabies, and the remaining members continued as a four-piece.
Gray was replaced by Vanian's wife Patricia Morrison in time for a Japanese tour starting in September 1996, after he sustained an injury during a show.
Jensine Costello (born 7 May 1886) was a Norwegian painter of portraits and figure subjects who spent her career in Great Britain.
Costello was born and grew up in Norway and, after spending time in the United States, moved to England where she studied at Heatherley's School of Art in London.
She also exhibited with the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, the Society of Women Artists, the National Society of Painters, Sculptors and Gravers.
The Isan orogeny affected the Mount Isa Inlier in what is now Australia between 1.65 and 1.50 billion years ago in the Proterozoic.
Deformation from the event is widespread and complex in the Eastern Fold Belt, with no consensus on timing and sub-events as of 2017.
President Barack Obama nominated Salerno on September 29, 2014, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Robert Isaac Richter.
On December 17, 2015, the Committee reported his nomination favorably to the senate floor and later that day, the Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote.
Damiani's insights have been included in industry reports from the Anti-Defamation League, Associated Press, Columbia Journalism Review, Hyper Island, Institute for the Future, and the Knight Foundation/Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University.
On June 16, 2017 at the VRTO conference, he became one of the 18 ratifiers of the Code of Ethics on Human Augmentation, which was originally introduced by Steve Mann in 2004 and further refined with Ray Kurzweil and Marvin Minsky in 2013.
Cabello's vocal range spans from the low note G3 to the high note of F5, giving the song one octave and six notes of range.
The track has also debuted at number 35 on the Mainstream Top 40 airplay chart, and has peaked at number 18.
According to Forbes, this song was especially notable for its ability to leverage the popularity of the short musical video app TikTok into commercial success.
On January 10, 2020, a lyric video for the song was released on YouTube, done in a Golden age of American animation style.
The Barramundi orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now Australia between 1.88 and 1.84 billion years ago in the Proterozoic that affected Mount Isa and Pine Creek orogenic domains.
When he was 17 years old, he moved to Jerusalem and attended the yeshiva Ohr Somayach, which he later left when he abandoned Orthodox Judaism.
Many of his music was centred around his religious beliefs and he made numerous film and music collaborations with Shuli Rand and the band Izabo including fellow musicians Tamir Muskat and Ronit Shahar.
He also had four children with a woman whom he divorced in the 1990s and remarried several days before his death.
Abutbul was a devout follower of Hasidic Judaism and he has portrayed many characters in films who worship the same religion.
He spent his final moments in the Hadassah Ein Karem Hospital where he died on October 11 at the age of 51.
Fernando Peixoto Costanza (born 28 November 1998), simply known as Fernando, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Botafogo as a right back.
Fernando made his first team – and Série A – debut on 5 May 2019, starting in a 1–0 home win against Fortaleza.
The Leen Valley lines of the Great Northern Railway were English railway branch lines built to get access to collieries in the Nottinghamshire coalfield.
The Midland Railway had long been dominant in the area, but there was resentment against its monopolistic policies from coalowners, who encouraged the Great Northern Railway to build a line.
Coal owners in areas further north made representations to the Great Northern Railway, which agreed to extend the line, and the Leen Valley Extension Line opened in 1892.
The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway had built a line on a nearby alignment including a long tunnel, and to avoid the cost of duplicating the tunnel, the GNR arranged to use the MS&LR tunnel to connect its Extension line to the original section.
In the 1960s and 1970s coal production in the area declined steeply, and the duplication of railway routes in the area meant that rationalistaion was inevitable: it was the former GNR lines that bore the brunt of this.
In the 1980s plans were formulated to reopen a passenger train service from Nottingham to Mansfield; this was to be mainly on the former Midland Railway route, but a short section of the former GNR line was used around Kirkby-in-Ashfield.
The Great Northern Railway had established a terminal in Nottingham in 1857, and used the Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway to reach it from its main line at Grantham.
There was considerable colliery activity in the coalfields to the north and west of Nottingham, and for the time being the Midland Railway was dominant in serving the pits.
The Great Northern Railway sought to share in the business of hauling the coal to southern and eastern markets; at the same time the Midland Railway went to considerable lengths to exclude the GNR from the access it sought, and in 1871 prevented the GNR from using Midland Railway lines in the area at all.
This exacerbated dissatisfaction on the part of coalowners, who saw that the Midland was exploiting its monopoly of carriage of coal to their disadvantage, and they encouraged the provision of competing railway facilities.
The GNR obtained Parliamentary authority for what became its Derbyshire and Staffordshire extension, a new independent railway line from the GNR line at Colwick, on the eastern margin of Nottingham.
The new line was to circle round the north of Nottingham and head west, connecting in Kimberley and Ilkeston on the way to Derby and Burton on Trent, with a fork to link in Pinxton.
There was also a concentration of collieries in the valley of the River Leen, which runs south from near Newstead to join the River Trent west of Nottingham.
During the final stages of the construction of the Derbyshire lines, the GNR was receiving representations from the Leen Valley collieries.
The Midland Railway saw the danger and suggested in June that if the Bill was withdrawn the charges for the use of its line would be substantially reduced.
Construction was put in hand immediately: on 5 November 1880 a contractor named Lovatt undertook the work for £89,077 and to complete by 1 January 1882.
The new line was to make a junction with the Derbyshire extension line near Old Basford and run north, paralleling the Midland Railway's line from Nottingham to Mansfield.
In doing so the new line crossed the Midland line twice, and connected with collieries at Bestwood, Hucknall, Linby, Newstead, and Annesley.
The GNR called the branch line the Leen Valley Line, and the junction with the Derbyshire & Staffordshire Extension line was named Leen Valley Junction.
From Leen Valley junction the line ran for 6 miles 53 chains to Newstead, and was double track throughout when completed.
There were colliery branches to Bestwood Park, four to Hucknall Colliery, two to Linby Colliery, two to Bestwood Colliery, and two at the end of the line to Annesley Colliery.
Leen Valley junction signalbox was commissioned on 9 May 1881 and in July coal traffic from Bestwood Colliery began over a single line.
On 18 October the line was opened to Linby Colliery and on 27 October 1881, the line opened throughout for coal.
The result was an increase for the half-year to 31 December 1881, of over a quarter of a million tons of coal carried over the GNR system.
The MS&LR Chairman, Sir Edward Watkin, had for some time been known to want to extend the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway to London.
In time for the 1889 session of Parliament, the MS&LR presented a Bill for a line from Beighton, a little east of Sheffield, southwards to Annesley, to make an end-on junction there with the GNR Leen Valley line.
On the face of it the scheme looked like a harmless approach to get access to the collieries, but the GNR Board suspected that this was a move towards a London extension.
Watkin also controlled the Metropolitan Railway, which reached as far north as Verney in Buckinghamshire, and in the same Session, had deposited a Bill for a line from Quainton Road to Moreton Pinkney; the gap between Annesley and Morton Pinkney was only 60 miles.
Amid much railway politics, it became evident that Parliament was going to grant the MS&LR wishes, and the GNR acquiesced, gaining running powers to Sheffield over the MS&LR as a sweetener.
In fact the MS&LR promise was soon proven to be false, and it had a London extension bill in the 1891 session, but with London and North Western Railway and Midland Railway as well as GNR opposition it failed.
The MS&LR extension southwards from Beighton reached an end-on junction with the GNR Leen Valley line at Annesley, north of Newstead, on 24 October 1892.
In accordance with the agreement, MS&LR goods and coal trains ran to Nottingham, followed by passenger trains on 2 January 1893: there were four each way via the Nottingham Suburban Railway to London Road.
From 28 January, there were a few GNR passenger trains over the MS&LR as far as Staveley, but only for a few months.
The GNR obtained access to several collieries, but unfortunately for the GNR, an MS&LR-LNWR agreement meant that the LNWR did too.
Meanwhile, the fresh MS&LR extension bill passed most stages by June 1892 but, held up when Parliament was dissolved, did not become an Act until 28 March 1893.
The GNR now decided that it should extend further north from Annesley, and this became the project for the Leen Valley Extension line.
As originally planned, the line would have begun at the end of the original line, at Annesley, which would have meant construction of a tunnel under Robin Hood Hills.
But as the MS&LR opened its extension to that spot through a tunnel built for their line, it was arranged that GNR trains would use the MS&LR line through their Annesley tunnel, and then for 450 yards to South Kirkby junction, where the new line would diverge.
W Binns had the contract, and began work in June 1895, but got into difficulties excavating a deep cutting through rock.
Work continued with financial support from the GNR, through a further deep cutting, and a bridge under the Midland Railway, where there was a difficult operation on a Saturday night to install the bridge before the first Midland train on Sunday morning; the line continued by the Erewash headwaters to Sutton-in-Ashfield, a distance of four miles.
Some land came from Lord Carnarvon, then the line went through another limestone cutting into the Meden Valley, through Skegby to Pleasley colliery.
Meanwhile, the board decided to operate a passenger service when the line opened, and in April gave a contract to Pattinsons for stations at Sutton, Skegby and Teversal for £14,742.
A passenger service of seven trains each way between Nottingham London Road and Skegby, and two each way as far as Sutton, all via the Nottingham Suburban Line, were run on weekdays and two Suttons each way via Gedling on Sundays; these services began on 4 April.
Sutton station, with street-level booking office and covered stairways down to the platforms, was on an elaborate scale, the most centrally situated in the town.
The opening was celebrated by special trains from King's Cross, and Nottingham, bringing guests to a lunch at Skegby, at which Mr Capel presided.
A north to west curve was laid to the GCR (former MS&LR) at Kirkby in 1897, but was rarely used and was removed after a few years.
From Pleasley, the line continued above Meden valley, leaving it at Pleasley vale where a rock cutting was required to Shirebrook station, and then a high embankment above the town to Langwith Junction.
The line reached Shirebrook Colliery (on the branch south of the station), on 26 November 1900, and on 29 May 1901, Langwith Junction for coal and general goods.
The Shirebrook passenger trains were extended to Langwith, and over the LD&ECR to Chesterfield from 1 February 1903, but soon withdrawn, and not restored until LNER days.
Contrary to the promise that no southward extension from Annesley was intended by the MS&LR, the company proceeded with the project.
The London Extension line came south from Annesley (no longer an end-on junction) through Bulwell, over the GNR Derbyshire Extension line to New Basford, through Sherwood Rise tunnel to Nottingham.
The MS&LR (soon to be GCR) line ran broadly north to south and the GNR Derbyshire line ran east to west.
The Leen Valley line running southward made a connection from Moorthorpe Junction (or Bestwood Junction) into the GCR southbound at Bulwell North Junction, grade separated on the GCR line.
Also joint and also opened in 1898 was a west to north spur, the Basford Branch, from Basford West Junction to Bulwell South Junction.
Another connection was authorised by an MS&LR Act on 6 July 1895, from Moorbridge junction between Bestwood and Bulwell Forest on the Leen Valley line, to Bulwell Common on the MS&LR London extension.
As late as 1909 some coalowners in the Mansfield area approached the GNR, requesting a GNR branch connection, but they were refused.
The line was to be from Kirkby south, on the GCR extension, just beyond where the GN Leen Valley extension diverged, cross the GNR curve to Kirkby north, and the Leen Valley extension near Sutton-in-Ashfield, and go via Mansfield, serving several collieries, to the LD&ECR at Clipstone.
The GNR suggested use of the Leen Valley extension instead of the southern part, but the promoters said they didn't want another concern between them and the GCR.
The Bill was passed in July, giving the GCR a useful line the GNR might have had; moreover the GNR did not get running powers.
The colliery produced its first million tons of coal in 1970 and over 1.7 million tons by 1986-87, a North Derbyshire Area record.
The west to north spur from Kirkby North Junction on the Great Central saw little use, despite its high construction costs.
Passenger traffic had always been a financial liability and the LNER withdrew services between Shirebrook South and Nottingham Victoria on 14 September 1931.
Meanwhile, passenger trains serving Sutton in Ashfield Central (on the former Mansfield Railway) had ceased so British Railways reintroduced services from the former Great Northern station at Sutton in Ashfield Town to Nottingham Victoria, on 20 February 1956.
The Leen Valley Extension, in conjunction with the former LD&EC branch from Beighton to Langwith Junction, remained an important diversionary route when the main line was closed for engineering work.
As colliery activity declined steeply—Bestwood during 1967 and Kirkby Summit in July 1968—the Leen Valley Extension and former Great Central line between Langwith Junction and Kirkby South Junction closed completely on 27 May 1968.
The Midland formation then suffered the same fate, following closure of the section of track from Kirkby in Ashfield to Annesley on 11 October 1970.
In order to eliminate the level crossing at Kirkby in Ashfield and release land for building, a diversion was brought into operation on 4 April 1972.
This involved constructing a short spur between the Pye Bridge line and the former Great Northern route south of Kirkby, reinstating a short length of the Leen Valley Extension through the town, and laying another spur from the site of Summit Colliery to the Mansfield line at Kirkby Hardwick.
South of Langwith, an east-north spur between the LD&ECR and Midland Railway routes opened on 11 November 1974, enabling the remaining part of the Beighton branch from Shirebrook North to Whaley Thorns to be closed.
Goods facilities at Mansfield were withdrawn on 2 June 1975, and the remaining railways in the district were now entirely dependent on coal traffic for their survival.
These were followed by Silverhill April 1985, Whitwell June 1986, Hucknall October 1986, Newstead March 1987, Mansfield Crown Farm March 1988, Linby July 1988.
There was a long-standing grievance that Mansfield was one of the few large towns which was not connected directly to the national rail network.
Discussions began in 1982, and in 1988 agreement was reached that a line could be reopened for passengers provided local authorities along the route were willing to provide subsidies.
The majority of the route follows the former Midland Railway Leen Valley line as far as Sutton-in-Ashfield, but north from there it uses the Great Northern route through Kirkby before reverting to the Midland formation.
As part of reinstating the route it was necessary to excavate the Midland tunnel at Annesley, which had been filled in after closure.
The first section from Nottingham to Newstead opened in 1993, extending to Mansfield Woodhouse in 1995, Kirkby in 1996 and finally through to Worksop on the former MS&LR line from Lincoln to Sheffield in 1998.
Between Kirkby tunnel and Sutton Parkway station, the train uses trackbeds or track alignments from the Midland Railway dating from 1848; Railtrack dating from 1995; the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway dating from 1892, though now raised by 30 feet; the Great Northern Railway dating from 1896, though now partly above it; British Rail from 1972; and the Mansfield and Pinxton Railway (originally horse­drawn) dating from 1819.
248 in 2003, he entered the Azerbaijan State Economic University (UNEC), where he obtained a bachelor's degree in international economic relations.
In January 2009 Mr. Garashov began his career as Senior Specialist at the Troubled Loans Department of International Bank of Azerbaijan.
After joining Kapital Bank OJSC in 2009, he worked as Deputy Director and Director at various district branches in Baku till 2017.
In 2017, he was elected Chairman of the New Azerbaijan Party Youth Organization at Kapital Bank OJSC, and later same year as Deputy Chairman of the NAP Nasimi District Youth Union.
29 November 2018, he was elected as the first Chairman of the Public Council at the Small and Medium Business Development Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Eveline Klett (born 9 October 1949) is a German former politician who was a member of the State Council of East Germany, the country's collective head of state, from 1986 until 1989.
She had joined the Free German Youth in 1964, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1969, and the Democratic Women's League of Germany in 1976.
He has had problems with the law, being charged twice of possessing illegal guns, leading him to be arrested one time in the neighborhood of Miramar Santurce, Puerto Rico with another man called Juan Thomas George of 32 years of age.
Pusho was again arrested in Chile along with another man for having illegal guns It resulted in him having to cancel his presentations in the country.
Yaroslav Askarov (born 16 June 2002) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
The 2000 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 21–29 July 2000 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Bertha Boronda (née Zettle; March 14, 1877 – January 18, 1950) was an American woman who sliced off her husband's penis in 1907.
Mr. Boronda testified at the trial that he and his wife had visited the San Jose theater, and that the attack was unprovoked.
She claimed she became enraged at her husband, and the two had an argument because she thought he was going to leave her.
Bertha Boronda was sentenced to five years in prison, but served only two and was released from prison on December 20, 1909.
Alexander van Slobbe attended the Vrije School in Rotterdam and graduated with honors laude in 1984 from the Arnhem Academy of Art and Design.
With the proceeds he started a new atelier on the Westergasfabriek terrain, there Van Slobbe made a new start his Orson + Bodil label.
The name of this label was later changed to Hacked By_, they want to change the fashion world by 'hacking' its system.
These pre-produced basic items and overstock fabrics are the basis for their collections, also to prevent depreciated stocks from being destroyed.
Katherine Douglas Smith (1878 – after 1947) was a militant British suffragette and from 1908 a paid organiser of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
Douglas Smith was the daughter of a professor of surgery at King’s College, London and a militant member of the WSPU.
In 1908 she campaigned with Annie Kenney and Mary Blathwayt around the seaside towns of the west of England and Wales and on one occasion in Pembrokeshire the three women had to share a small and cramped room.
The rally was organised for Women's Sunday when twenty platforms were erected in the Park from which leading suffragettes delivered speeches.
Also in 1908 Douglas Smith took part in a protest at the House of Commons in London which was led by Marion Wallace Dunlop, while on 24 January 1909 Douglas Smith and suffragettes Irene Dallas and Mary Jane Clarke, the younger sister of Emmeline Pankhurst, took a taxi to 10 Downing Street.
There had been a demonstration in Downing Street earlier that day so by the time Douglas Smith and the other women arrived the street had been sealed off with a cordon of police officers.
Douglas Smith and Clarke persuaded the officers to allow their taxi to pass through the cordon which then drove up to the door of No 10 where they were arrested.
After appearing at Bow Street Magistrates' Court on 2 February 1909 Douglas Smith was sent to Holloway Prison for a month.
Emmeline Pankhurst wrote to the journalist C. P. Scott expressing concern at the treatment her sister and Douglas Scott were receiving at the hands of the authorities.
She was released from prison on 27 February 1909 following which she and other released suffragette prisoners attended a celebratory breakfast organised by the WSPU.
In another imaginative protest in October 1908 organised with Maud Joachim Douglas Smith and Joachim held up traffic in the West End by the two riding black bay horses up the Strand, at the same time advertising a suffragette meeting at the Royal Albert Hall.
In August 1909 Prime Minister H. H. Asquith was persuaded by Sir Herbert Leon to attend an event organised by him at his home at Bletchley Park in which Asquith would address an audience of 2,000.
This opportunity to confront the Prime Minister proved irresistible to the suffragettes who organised a campaign over several days to coincide with his visit.
On the night before Asquith's visit the suffragettes Charlotte Marsh, Laura Ainsworth, Evelyn Wurrie (real name Evelyn Wharrie) and Nellie Hall gained access to the grounds, where they hid in a plantation of trees near to the marquee where Asquith was due to speak.
At the same time Douglas Smith, who was outside, climbed over a wall and made for the marquee before being chased by 12 men and caught.
On 18 February 1910 Katherine Douglas Smith planted a pine tree – a pseudotsuga douglasii glauca – a Douglas fir - at Eagle House where members of the suffragette movement were invited to stay and plant trees to celebrate a prison sentence.
This wall has attracted scholarly attention because it contains several, well-preserved inscriptions, that were added after the initial construction of the wall.
The documents preserved on the wall originate from the second and third century BCE and range from senatorial decrees to imperial letters.
Despite the name it is commonly known as and the fact that it contains a varied collection of documents that were already historic at the time they were added to it, this wall is not an archive.
An archive is meant for the deposition, retrieval and consultation of documents, either for a general public or for private individuals.
The different documents were selected with care and presented to the public because they were meant to reflect a certain message.
It is unclear who was in charge of this selection process, but it is most likely that the documents were selected and inscribed by members of Aphrodisias' elite, as they were the people who concerned themselves with the promotion of the city's identity.
These documents were included because they represented Aphrodisias’ grandeur and history: the past initiatives by private citizens, the favour of the gods that was bestowed upon the city, Aphrodisias’ bravery and loyalty to Rome, and the appreciation and recognition of Rome for Aphrodisias in return.
They can help us understand how ancient societies, such as the people of Aphrodisias, constructed and transmitted their public memory, how their commemoration practices worked and how they carefully constructed their own civic identity.
The show consists of invading the house of Mexican stars and preparing a dish with the ingredients they get in his house.
The 2019–20 Utah Valley Wolverines men's basketball team represent Utah Valley University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Wolverines, led by first-year head coach Mark Madsen, play their home games at the UCCU Center in Orem, Utah as members of the Western Athletic Conference.
The Wolverines finished the 2018–19 season with an overall record of 25–10, including 12–4 in WAC play, to finish in second place.
In the 2019 WAC Tournament, they defeated UMKC in the quarterfinals before losing to Grand Canyon in the semifinals the following day.
This was Mark Pope's final season as head coach of Utah Valley; he replaced the retiring Dave Rose as head coach of the BYU men's basketball team.
Helen M. Roe (18 December 1895-28 May 1988), was an Irish librarian and antiquary, a champion of medieval Irish art and iconography.
While working as a librarian Roe was able to study further and, as a rare person with a car, she toured sites and visited schools.
In 1940 Roe retired from the library and moved to Dublin where she was able to buy a house and garden.
Apart from her antiquarian work she was a regular supporter of charities and was honorary secretary of The Queen's County Protestant Orphan's Society and actively involved in The Dublin University Mission to Chota Nagpur, India.
From 1965 until 1968 Roe served as the president of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, first woman to be elected.
He played in the Croatian First Football League during the 2005/06 season with NK Kamen Ingrad.In 2007, he played abroad in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina with NK Široki Brijeg.During his tenure with Široki Brijeg he featured in the 2007–08 UEFA Cup against FC Koper, and Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C..
Zelenika made his debut for the Croatia national under-19 football team on February 13, 2006 in a friendly match against Hungary.
He represented Croatia in the 2006 Elite Round U-19 Championship against Macedonia, and Israel.He also played with the Croatia national under-20 football team making his debut on September 26, 2006 in a friendly match against Slovenia.
Kropyvnytskyi functions as the administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast, which is a place of birth for significant number of band members.
The repertoire of the band includes traditional instrumental music: calendar, ritual, social and everyday life songs as well as dances, collected from village artists in expeditions.
Lucas Barros da Cunha (born 21 August 1999), known as Lucas Barros, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Botafogo as a left back.
Promoted to the first team ahead of the 2019 season, Lucas Barros made his senior debut on 26 January of that year, coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan in a 2–1 Campeonato Carioca home loss against Flamengo.
He extended his contract until 2022 in March, and made his Série A debut on 12 June, replacing Erik late into a 1–0 home defeat to Grêmio.
Antonio Gianettini (Giannettini, Zanettini, Zannettini) was born in 1648 in Fano, Italy and died on July 12, 1721 in Munich, Germany.
Almost nothing is known about his musical training: in 1662 sources place him in Venice, where he probably studied under the guidance of Sebastian Enno.
On 14 January 1674 he was admitted as a bass singer in the choir of the chapel of the Basilica of San Marco.
Subsequently, on 5 December 1676 he was appointed as an organist at the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo with a salary of 40 ducats a year (a position he held until 1679).
From 1676 he started to be active as a composer: in this period he wrote about ten works in Venice and Milan and various sacred music (including some motets for Ippolito Bentivoglio).
During years 1685-1686 he was also active as a composer and a capella teacher for the Duke of Hannover Ernesto Augusto of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
On May 1, 1686, Gianettini left his offices at San Marco to take the place of maestro di cappella at the court of Francesco II, Duke of Modena.
His salary for his services to the court of Modena was 396 lire a month (a considerable amount for the time).
With the outbreak of the Spanish succession war, Modena was occupied by the French and in 1702 he had to flee with Duke Rinaldo I (successor of Francesco II) to Bologna.
After the war, in 1707 he returned to Modena, where he continued his work as the director of the chapel, but without receiving the high salary like years before.
In May 1721 she decided to accompany her daughter Maria Caterina to Monaco, a city where he was active as a singer at the Bavarian court and where he died shortly after.
Malankara Action Council for Church Act Association (MACCABI) is a public movement started for the implementation of Church Act 2009 submitted before the government of Kerala by the Kerala Law Reforms Commission headed by late Justice V.R Krishna Iyer in 2009.
Lakhs of Christians march to the Secretariat demanding the State government to implement the Kerala Church Properties and Institutions Trust Bill, proposed by Late Justice V.R.
Bar Yuhanon Ramban, Director of MACCABI, inaugurated the event organized by Members of ‘Justice for Sr Lucy’, held at Vanchi Square in Ernakulam in support of Lucy Kalappura, who was expelled from the Franciscan Clarist Congregation (FCC) for her lifestyle violations.
A secretariat March was jointly organised by All Kerala Church Act Action Council and MACCABI asking the government to pass the bill in the assembly.
There was a hearsay spread by powerful bishops against the public movement that the government would interfere into the religious matters and local politician control our church.
But the Section 2 on the church bill clearly mention that the act doesn’t propose to get involved in or to formulate opinions or to make decisions on any matters connected with the teachings and practices of the various churches about faith and theology.
Also, section 16 – i, ii, iii clearly mention that the government duty is to check the accounts and to minimize corruption at all levels of church.
He obtained the degree of Licentiate of Sacred Theology from KU Leuven in 1988, with a thesis on Bernard of Clairvaux, and was ordained to the priesthood on 20 August 1995.
At Orval he served as novice master from 1990 to 1998, brewery director from 1998 to 2001, and prior and bursar from 2000 to 2002.
He left the Abbey to work as secretary to the Abbot General of the Cistercians in Rome from 2002 to 2004.
Bartuszová died on 22 December 1996 in Košice Her work in included in the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Slovak National Gallery in Bratislava.
Her work is also in the collection of the Tate in London and will be shown in a forthcoming solo retrospective there in 2020.
Huang Banruo (; 1901–1968}, also romanized as Huang Bore and Wong Po-Yeh, was a Chinese painter, known for his traditional style landscapes.
In 1926, he helped found the Guangdong Association for the Study of Chinese Paintings's Hong Kong branch with Pan Dawei and Deng Erya.
In 1956, he was a founding member of the Bingshen Art Club alongside artists like Chao Shao-an, Yang Shanshen, and Li Yanshan.
He was friends with Chang Dai-chien and Huang Binhong, which helped connect Hong Kong painters with the prominent Chinese artists of the time.
The list is of deals that are confirmed and are either from or to a rugby union team in the Premiership during the 2019–20 season.
Morawska-Stanecka was the Democratic Left Alliance candidate for the Polish Senate in Silesia {Tychy and Mysłowice as well as Bieruń-Lędziny County} in 2019.
After taking office as a member of the Senate, Morawska-Stanecka was elected to the position of deputy marshal, assuming that role on 12 November 2019.
Mirna Louisa-Godett (born 29 January 1954) was Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 11 August 2003 until 3 June 2004.
Louisa-Godett became Prime Minister because her brother , leader of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL), was suspected of fraud.
Before that he held two ambassadorial postings in Nigeria and Indonesia and a period as Director for EU Policy in the office of the Taoiseach (Prime Minister).
O'Sullivan became Ireland's first ambassador to Indonesias in 2014 and served there until 2018 when he was succeeded by Olivia Leslie.
PLP also won the municipal election held alongside the parliamentary vote, winning 3 out of the 5 seats in the Municipal Council of the Amazonas Federal Territory.
Andrew G. Alleyne is the Ralph M. and Catherine V. Fisher Professor and Director of the Power Optimization of Electro Thermal Systems centre at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
At Princeton University Alleyne was awarded the He moved to the University of California, Berkeley for his graduate studies, and earned his master's degree in 1992 and doctoral degree in 1994.
In 2004 Alleyne was the youngest person in the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering (MechSE) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign to be promoted to Professor.
Alleyne works on the dynamic modeling and simulation of complex systems as well as the development of algorithms for various experimental testbeds.
His work relies on control theory; a means to evaluate how systems behave with a series of inputs and desired outputs.
He has created ways to dynamically monitor thermal management systems for power electronics, which are used in planes, ships and cars.
When he arrived at MechSE in 1994 there were no women faculty members in the department, and only one in ten members of faculty of the College of Engineering were women.
Alleyne has developed a ten step plan to improve recruitment of diverse candidates, which he has since shared with Texas A&M University and Purdue University.
In 2017 he was awarded the Society of Women Engineers Advocating Women in Engineering Award in recognition of his commitment to gender equality.
He was awarded the Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising in 1998 and 1999, and is consistently praised by his students.
He was presented with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Yasundo Takahashi Education Award in 2017 for his contributions to education relevant to the Dynamic Systems and Control Division.
Rhuan made his first team – and Série A – debut on 17 August 2019, coming on as a substitute for fellow youth graduate Bochecha in a 2–0 away loss against Corinthians.
After secondary education at the Bundesrealgymnasium in Innsbruck, Lubich studied mathematics at the University of Innsbruck from 1977 to graduation with Magister degree in 1981.
Lubich was from 1983 to 1987 a university assistant in Innsbruck, in 1986/87 an assistant at the University of Geneva, in 1987/88 a visiting professor at the IRMAR at the University of Rennes, and in 1988 a visiting professor at the University of Geneva.
He was from 1991 to 1992 an assistant professor at ETH Zurich and from 1992 to 1994 a professor of applied mathematics at University of Würzburg.
Lubich received in 2001 the Dahlquist Prize of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and in 1985 the Research Prize of the city of Innsbruck.
He debuted the song for the first time with a live performance in December 2018 at a show in Las Vegas, Nevada.
A music video directed by Todd Cassetty premiered in May 2019, consisting of live footage of the singer performing the song on tour.
The 1999 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 23–31 July 1999 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Originally it was a part of Magadh University but in 1992 after the establishment of Veer Kunwar Singh University it became the part of it.
The land on which it was founded was historically known as The land was historically known as JUDGE SAHEB KE KOTHI.
Before that in 1857, this land was the center of revolt in Arrah, when 18 British civilians and 50 members of the Bengal Military Police Battalion were fortified for 8 days in the Arrah House by the army of Veer Kunwar Singh.
The Campus of the collage have an area of 8.5 acres and is located 1.5 kilometres from Ara Junction railway station.
The Main collage buildings of the campus are BCA department building, Central Library, Administrative Building, Botenical Garden and Cricket Ground and Arrah House.
A study centre of Nalanda Open University is running in the college campus to impart education (about 105 traditional and vocational courses) through distance mode.
The cricket ground is one of the best grounds of the town and is used by Bhojpur District cricket Association for practice and organising other Cricket tournament and matches.
Indiana voted for the Republican nominee, Secretary of War William Howard Taft, over the Democratic nominee, former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan.
The serve as the right hands of their group's leader Touichirou Suzuki with their top agents referred to as the , named for the wound inflicted on them when they defied and/or challenged Touichirou.
Scars are said to be more powerful espers of the organization, and according to Shimazaki, Scars are failures that are marked as damaged goods.
The group disbanded by Kenji after Claw's world domination arc, when Rei, Daichi and Kaito tell Kenji they didn't want to participate anymore, as they were worried that it might cause people to misuse their powers, but the group still meets each other as friends.
Deer Creek Grove is a small giant sequoia grove located in the Deer Creek watershed of the Giant Sequoia National Monument in the western Sierra Nevada of California.
The grove is located at near the end of a steep trail south from the end of Deer Creek Mill Road.
While the present day distribution of this species is limited to a small area of California, it was once much more widely distributed in prehistoric times, and was a reasonably common species in North American and Eurasian coniferous forests until its range was greatly reduced by the last ice age.
Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2020 Four Continents Championships, 2020 World Junior Championships, and the 2020 World Championships.
Competitors qualified through the National Qualifying Series (NQS), Regional (singles) and Sectional (pairs/ice dance) Challenges, and Sectional (singles) and U.S. (pairs/ice dance) Finals, held from June to November 2019, or earned a bye.
The NQS is not mandatory, but the top six singles athletes in each section may earn a bye to the Sectional Singles Final, and the top three teams/couples in pairs and ice dance may earn a bye to the U.S.
The top four finishers at the Sectional Finals (singles) and the top twelve finishers at the U.S. Finals (pairs/ice dance) earned a spot at the National Figure Skating Championships.
Juvenile, intermediate, and novice skaters qualified for the National High Performance Development Team and Camp in lieu of participating at U.S. Championships.
In the senior division, all competitors that qualify through their placement at a Sectional Singles Final, the U.S. Pairs Final, or the U.S. Dance Final, must have met a minimum combined Technical Elements Score (TES) during the season to compete at the U.S.
Several qualified skaters were unable to compete due to failure to achieve the minimum TES: Andrew Austin, Ben Jalovick, Tony Lu, and Jun Hong Chen in men's singles, Megan Wessenberg in ladies' singles, and Brynne McIsaac / Mark Sadusky in pairs.
The top two novice finishers at each Sectional in men's and ladies' singles were added to the junior event at U.S. Championships.
The men's tournament will be held from 1 December to 10 December 2019 while the women's tournament will be contested from 3 December to 10 December 2019.
Football at the 2019 South Asian Games is scheduled to be held in two venues in Nepal; the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium in Kathmandu for the men's tournament and the Pokhara Rangasala in Pokhara for the women's tournament.
It is notable for hosting the Dasman Palace, which previously housed members of the House of Al Sabah and was the site of the Battle of Dasman Palace in 1990 during the Gulf War.
Another historic palace is located in the district: the Sheikh Abdullah Al-Jabir Palace, which currently occupies the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The 1916 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Indiana was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana.
He is credited on the label of a number of recordings held by archives but his exact involvement in their creation is unclear.
Andrew Kimbrell (born August 26, 1950) is an American public interest attorney and author, as well as an advocate for sustainable agriculture and against industrial agriculture.
Matthew Rowell (born 1 July 2001) is a professional Australian rules footballer who plays for the Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL).
The family moved to Melbourne when Rowell was a child and he began playing football when his father took him to Mont Albert to participate in Auskick.
He played majority of his junior football with the Canterbury Cobras and was touted as a future AFL player as early as the under 10 level.
As Rowell progressed through the junior ranks, he was given an opportunity to debut in the TAC Cup for the Oakleigh Chargers a month after his 16th birthday.
Leading into the 2019 season, Rowell was considered the early favourite to be selected with the number 1 pick in the 2019 AFL draft.
He showed his worth by dominating for Victoria Metro at the AFL Under 18 National Championships and playing a pivotal role in Oakleigh's NAB League premiership season, including a Grand Final performance against the Eastern Ranges in which he recorded 44 disposals and two goals.
Edward Dransfield (28 November 1906–1986) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Rotherham United and Swindon Town.
It is run by a non-profit of the same name (Kerknet vzw), as well as having an associated YouTube Channel and Twitter profile.
As an artist, he worked with Huang Banruo and Deng Erya to found the Hong Kong branch of the Guangdong Association for the Study of Chinese Paintings.
During the Second Guangzhou Uprising on 27 April 1911, Pan buried the 72 martyrs of the uprising on Red Flower Ridge (later renamed Yellow Flower Ridge).
Roland Lemar (born May 17, 1976) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 96th district since 2011.
Irene Haschke (born February 16, 1921) was a German SS camp guard within the Nazi concentration camp system during World War II, notably, at the Bergen-Belsen camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle.
Later she returned to the textile factory for a time but was removed on February 15, 1945 and sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, arriving on February 28, 1945.
On 17 September 1945 she was brought to trial by the British in the Bergen-Belsen trial, where the Court accused Josef Kramer and another 44 people, who worked in Auschwitz and Belsen, of war crimes.
On 17 November 1945 she was convicted and sentenced to 10 years for her participation in these crimes and was released on December 21, 1951, having only served five years.
Thomas Vincent Cooke (10 September 1913–1974) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic and Mansfield Town.
The show follows a team of ambassadors (and their ship, The Bargarean Jade) as they attempt to establish diplomatic relations with planets in the remote and chaotic Zyxx Quadrant of the Tremillion Sector.
The podcast is improvised by its comedian cast and recorded by Shane O'Connell, who also performs subsequent sound design and mixing.
The guest pitches two or three episode ideas to the main cast, and one is picked that fits best with the story arc of the show.
Filmmaker Magazine interviewed the cast and highlighted the combination of improv comedy and longform narration as a major source of creativity and freedom for the podcast.
As the story progresses, the narration changes to reflect the happenings of the Zyxx Quadrant, the Tremillion Sector, and the entire galaxy.
The Alliance’s newest recruit, a young farm boy named Pleck Decksetter steps aboard the starship Bargarean Jade to embark on his first diplomatic mission: a MISSION.
This podcasts is unusual, however, as these are done by the voice actors or guests as minor characters from the show, delivered in-character.
The ad breaks are canon, consistent with the show's characterizations and events, occasionally delivering minor plot points or foreshadowing for the main storyline.
The Alliance's newest recruit is Ambassador Pleck Decksetter, a naive, gung-ho farm boy whose crew includes trusty, know-it-all droid C-53, and hulking, omnisexual security officer DAR.
They travel aboard the outdated, sentient starship The Bargerian Jade - aka Bargie - who has as many ex-husbands as stories about her glory days.
With a little more experience and understanding of the Zyxx Quadrant, the crew make their way through the galaxy with help from Beano and The Space.
Thanks to Beano's noble sacrifice, the Crew has survived the Battle of the Planet Crushers only to find themselves stranded on the opulent planet Holowood.
Zima Warrior Pleck Decksetter, with the help of his newly found acolyte AJ, brings everyone back together, and they set out to rally forces across the galaxy to face down Emperor Nermut Bundaloy, ensconced in the Zyxx Quadrant.
An episode of the podcast is named The Worry with Wiffles and has a similar plot in a direct homage to one of the most famous episodes of Star Trek, The Trouble with Tribbles.
As of November 2019, the podcast website Podbay shows Mission to Zyxx has an average audience review of 4.8 out of 5 based on 2325 reviews.
Levy also held a role at Princeton as a Visiting Fellow prior to her arrival at the London School of Economics in 2008 as a full-time professor.
Levy has been a Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics since 2008 specializing in Microeconomic Theory, Political Economy and Law & Economics.
Levy is a full-time professor teaching Graduate courses focusing on Public Policy and also teaching Undergraduate courses in Mathematical Economics and Advanced Microeconomic Theory.
Levy previously held the role of Deputy-Head for teaching at the Economics department at the London School of Economics from 2013-2016.
Locomotive Mountain is a mountain summit located in the Railroad Group of the Coast Mountains, in the Pemberton Valley of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
The mountain's name was proposed in 1978 by mountaineer Karl Ricker of the Alpine Club of Canada, in association with Railroad Pass, Railroad Creek, and other railroad-related names of the immediate vicinity.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
He received a law degree in 1882, but pursued a career in art after studying with John Vanderpoel at the Art Institute of Chicago.
Sawyer's photographs, sketches, and watercolors from Pepper's expedition are all that remain of many of the finds that deteriorated soon after discovery.
Sawyer lived in New York until retiring to Spain in ill health and continuing to paint in Europe as well as Central and South America.
The University of Florida library has several photos of him including one of him painting a landscape on Cape Cod, another outside with his wife Kathleen Alton Bailey Sawyer, and one among prominent friends.
The First Siege of Babylon was a successful siege of one of its citadels, loyal to Antigonus, by forces under Seleucus in 311 BC.
Seleucus was appointed as the satrap of Babylon until he was forced to leave, fearing Antigonus increasing power in 315 BC and took refuge at Ptolemy's court, where he remained until he and Ptolemy defeated Antigonus's son Demetrius at Gaza in 312 BC, after which Ptolemy delivered to him 200 cavalry and 800 foot soldiers, and begun his advance towards his old satrapy of Babylon.
Seleucus now march towards Harran (also known as Carrhae) where he found around 1000 veteran troops, (probably a portion of the Silver Shields captured at Gabiene) who joined him, then he proceeded towards Babylon, which he reach in may, the people welcomed him, as he was well remembered by them, but a small force loyal to Antigonus entrenched themselves in the citadel of the palace.
Seleucus became ruler of Babylon again, however, Antigonus had enough power to recapture the city at any moment, and one of his generals, Nicanor was already on the way, this episode marks the start of the Babylonian War.
The prima donna role was Astoria with nine arias; Bajazet had six, Tamerlano five, while Andronico and Irene had four each.
The plot concerns a series of dilemmas facing the Turkish sovereign Bajazet who has been defeated and humiliated by Tamerlano, emperor of the Tartars.
Finally Asteria, Andronico and Bajazet defy Tamerlane who condemns them all, bringing about a crisis that is resolved only by Bajazet’s suicide.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 15 April 1861 because of the resignation of John Robertson.
Roberston had resigned as Premier on 9 January 1861 to concentrate on the passage of the Robertson Land Acts, which would open up the free selection of Crown land.
The bills were passed by the Legislative Assembly on 26 March 1861, and Robertson resigned to be appointed to the Legislative Council to ensure their passage into law.
John Robertson resigned from the Legislative Council on 30 December 1861, and returned to the Legislative Assembly on 7 January 1862, unopposed at the 1862 Shoalhaven by-election.
Wilfred Barks (6 October 1908–1968) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield, Mansfield Town and Rochdale.
The first two titles were prior to their merger with the nearby Sunnyside club when they were known as North Shore Albions, a name they later reverted back to.
Richmond had gained their place in the Stormont Shield match by winning the Roope Rooster with wins over Newton (29-15), Marist Old Boys (10-0), and City Rovers in the final by 26 points to 14.
The Challenge Round trophy (awarded to the team with the best second round competition points) was won by the much improved Newton Rangers after they beat all 5 senior opponents.
The Max Jaffe Cup was won by Richmond who defeated Marist comfortably by 31 to 8, and in a charity match to conclude the season Marist reversed this result with a 16 to 5 win over Richmond.
The senior reserve competition was won by Richmond Rovers Reserves who finished with a 6 win, 2 draw, 2 loss record.
Richmond once again won the Davis Shield with their lower grade teams combining for more competition points than any other club.
Auckland had revenge in their final representative match of the season this time beating South Auckland by 17 points to 5.
His successor was Mr. G, Grey Campbell, who was a well known member of the City Council, the Transport Board, and other institutions.
At the league AGM it was reported that revenue for the year totalled £2,573, of which £1,791 came from gate receipts, £416 from ground rents, £68 from advertising and £45 from subscriptions.
At the ARL Board of Control meeting prior to the commencement of the season the chairman Mr. G. Grey Campbell said the policy of granting gate percentages to senior clubs should be retained.
He said that it was up to the clubs to produce a high standard of play and the percentage to senior clubs would be an incentive.
Clubs had benefited considerably from the percentage granted, and most senior clubs were now in a position to assist their players next season”.
The New Zealand Herald printed an article ‘reviewing’ the season where they wrote of the visiting St George team and the standard of play in Auckland.
At the annual general meeting of the Auckland Rugby League Junior Management Committee on March 21 the annual report (in reference to the 1932 season) was submitted.
The reason for the decline in numbers was put down to the fact that large numbers of people had left Auckland in search of work during the trying economic times.
The report then went on to congratulate teams who had won various trophies in the Junior grades in the 1932 season.
This had been requested by clubs as it would help them ensure they had players available for their top side at all times.
In spite of this there were no changes ultimately made at all to the scheduling with all senior matches played at Carlaw Park apart from rare exceptions.
One reserve grade match was played at Carlaw Park most weekends with the other matches usually played at the nearby Auckland Domain.
The Auckland Rugby League decided at a meeting following the first round of the Roope Rooster competition that a new competition for senior teams spread over 5 weeks would take place.
With the senior competition having reverted back to 6 teams 2 seasons earlier the round robin was over relatively quickly leaving more time later in the season than had previously existed.
In the event of a tie the team that had the best for and against record would be declared the winners and a special trophy would be awarded.
It was also decided that force downs in teams own in goal and kicks that went dead in goal would be worth points in order to speed up the games.
Newton ultimately won this round and it was a key factor in them being given the opportunity to play against the touring St George team.
They then played a midweek match with Richmond Rovers who they lost to 8-13 and then Marist Old Boys who they also lost to 11-25.
Following this they departed on a tour of Rotorua to see the geothermal sites before playing South Auckland in Taupiri where they won by 17 points to 5.
St George returned to Auckland to complete their tour where they played Newton Rangers in a midweek match which they won 30 points to 23, followed by a return match with Richmond on the Saturday.
Newton had had a solid season putting in some strong performances and they were arguably the most improved side in Auckland.
They had also been the first club to request a match with the touring side however the strongest performing sides had all been matched up with St George first and this last match of the tour was only confirmed at the end of the tour.
Whilst in Auckland several members of the team along with the manager Mr. J. H. Mostyn visited Sacred Heart College where Mr. Mostyn gave an address to the students on football.
Following their last match the team departed for Sydney on the Wanganella Ship at 5pm which meant that the match with Richmond kicked off at the earlier time of 2:45pm.
Prior to the match a running race was held between Len Brennan and B. Martin of the touring side and several members of local clubs.
It was run from try line to try line and Martin won the race by a foot from Adams (Devonport) in a time of 12.15 seconds with Brennan finishing third.
Brennan was killed ten years later in 1943 when the plane he was in was shot down over Italy during World War II.
At a meeting of the Auckland Rugby League in the week prior to the start of the season there were several suggestions put forward in regard to Carlaw Park.
2 ground beside the terraces should be covered to protect players; that the scoreboard should be raised; that people should be stopped from jumping the terrace fence at the conclusion of the main match; that the transport Board be asked to extend the penny section from the railway station to the Stanley Street stop…”.
It was also decided to issue tickets for the admission of unemployed to Carlaw Park, with the official co-operation of the Auckland Provincial Unemployed Association.
After it was found that this system was being abused with the tickets being on sold it was decided to charge the unemployed but at a reduced rate of sixpence.
Those trying to enter under this system had to produce their unemployment levy book containing an official stamp and a special turn-style was to be used to admit them.
In early August it was reported that the overhead bridge from Stanley Street to Carlaw Park would be completed by Saturday, August 5.
A whippet race meeting was held in early December along with cycling races, while on December 15 there was a sports carnival involving cycling, running, and wood chopping events.
At a meeting of the Auckland Rugby League Referees Association on May 29 they decided to recommend to the Board of Control that referees put the ball into the scrum at all grade matches, which was something that had been tried out unsuccessfully 6 years earlier.
Matches on June 2 featured this new rule change and it was commentated from referees that it had so far improved play around scrums and eliminated a lot of whistle.
It was however decided at a meeting of the New Zealand Council several weeks later that the practice was to be discontinued after acting on the recommendation of the New Zealand Referees’ Association.
It was also noted that a player when falling on the ball in the in goal area needed to ground the ball with their hands and it was play on until this was done so.
The League Council advised that the forward pass rule was being ruled incorrectly with players being penalised for being offside when receiving a forward pass.
As the players had inadvertently got in front of the teammate passing the ball it was clarified that it should be considered a forward pass only and therefore a scrum rather than a penalty.
The Auckland Rugby League decided to forward a motion of protest from Ted Phelan to the New Zealand Government regarding the ban on the 1ZR station.
After not being played in 1932 the midweek business league competitions returned with eight teams competing with matches held at Carlaw Park.
Ponsonby and Richmond wrote to Auckland Rugby League objecting to any of their players playing for the midweek teams as it would risk their health for the weekend matches.
The league decided that no senior or reserve grade players could take part in the competition unless they had the permission of the clubs and the Wednesday management group be advised of this decision.
The league decided to enforce the rule that permission must by granted from senior clubs before players were allowed to participate in the mid-week competition.
In a break from previous years where trophies and awards were handed out at the beginning of the following season it was decided to hold the ceremony at the conclusion of the current season.
With Richmond Rovers winning the Davis Point Shield for the highest number of points scored by any club in all junior grades.
He was involved with the Newton Rangers club and played for Auckland and New Zealand in the post war period before moving to Tauranga in 1920 to establish a wool and hide export business.
Mr. George Rhodes, former chairman of Auckland Rugby League passed away suddenly on 17 September at Auckland Hospital at the age of 68.
He was chairman from 1926 to 1932 and had spent many years at Carlaw Park prior to this as an official on the grounds committee.
He also served as the Minister of Labour and Co-operative from 1960 to 1961 and the Regional Commissioner for the Brong Ahafo Region from 1963 to 1965.
He was educated at the Akrokerri Roman Catholic Middle School and the Obuasi Roman Catholic Middle School from 1923 until 1931 when he obtained his standard seven certificate.
After about a year of service at the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation, he joined the Dunkwa Agricultural department as a shorthand typist and a year later he was employed by the Breman Gold Dredging Company at Ankobra to work as a shorthand typist and accountant.
In 1949, he moved to Takoradi and took up a job as a secretary and accountant for Messrs. A. E. Senchire and Company, a Timber Merchant in Takoradi.
He worked for the firm from then until 1951 when he returned to his home town; Akrokerri to work as a local Court Registrar and Traditional Secretary.
In parliament, he remained a back bencher until 1956 when he was appointed Ministerial Secretary (Deputy Minister) to the Ministry of Communications and Transport.
In 1959 he was appointed Regional Commissioner (Regional Minister) for the Ashanti Region and after serving for seven months he was appointed Minister of Labour and Co-operatives on 1 July 1960.
On 1 October 1963 he was transferred to the Brong Ahafo Region to serve as it's Regional Commissioner and in 1965 he was posted back to the Ashanti Region as the Regional Commissioner.
James Boyd Hunter (12 July 1910–1976) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Plymouth Argyle.
On 6 July 2015, SCP party members Mastoor Ahmad Mohammed, Asim Omar Hassan and Ibrahim Mohammed Zain were flogged in Omdurman after being sentenced in the Omdurman Criminal Court for their campaigning for a boycoot of the April 2015 Sudanese general election.
SCP chairman Ibrahim al-Shaikh Abdel Rahman as arrested on 8 June 2014 and detained for 100 days after he publicly criticised the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
NISS arrested SCP chair Omer al-Digair and seven other key SCP members on the night of 8/9 November 2016, after having arrested 13 other SCP members earlier, who remained in detention.
That same day, she also revealed the song's title, the people she collaborated with on it, as well as some more shots from the music video.
The winning teams received berths into the 2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, the 2004 Continental Cup of Curling and the 2005 Canada Cup of Curling.
2001 World Champion Colleen Jones and her rink from Halifax won the women's event, defeating Saskatchewan's Sherry Anderson in the final.
Two-time World Champion Randy Ferbey and his rink from Edmonton won the men's event, defeating Calgary's John Morris in the final.
The game begins with players shooting a ball into the table by holding the A or C buttons to launch it with a plunger and the longer the buttons are held, the harder the ball is launched.
Five balls are given at the start of each playthrough, which players must keep going by using the flippers to hit it upward in order to accumulate points and avoid allowing the ball to drop to the bottom of the table.
Failing to keep the ball from falling to the bottom of the table result in the ball being lost and once all balls are lost, the game is over as a result unless players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing.
Between 2002 and 2005, emulated screenshots surfaced online, indicating that the ROM image of the title has been preserved but not made widely available to public.
It was founded in 1942 and was the first was the first institution of higher learning ever set up in Western Bihar.
His only senior appearance was in a 8–1 defeat against Chesterfield in the Football League Third Division North Cup on 30 January 1935.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Shoalhaven in January 1861 because of the resignation of John Garrett.
The by-election allowed John Robertson to return to the Legislative Assembly after the Legislative Council had passed the Robertson Land Acts, which would open up the free selection of Crown land..
Máire de Paor (6 May 1925 - 6 December 1994), was an Irish historian and archaeologist who also worked as a researcher and presenter for national broadcaster RTÉ.
Máire de Paor was born Máire MacDermott to Eamonn MacDermott and Delia MacVeigh in Buncrana, County Donegal, on 6 May 1925.
She was educated in the Convent of Mercy in Buncrana before going to University College Dublin, where she completed a master's degree and a doctorate on early Christian archaeology and metalwork.
Her husband also worked in the university, and as a result of policies about married women, de Paor was forced to leave.
de Paor worked as a freelance researcher for Radio Telefís Éireann until she was given a full time position in the 70s.
de Paor was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy in 1960 and was a member of the Arts Council from 1973.
From 1968 she was working with Cumann Merriman, the Irish cultural organisation named after Brian Merriman; de Paor worked with the group as a director of the schools and spent four years as chairperson.
It was released on November 14, 2019, by DSP Media and distributed by Kakao M, coinciding with the group's tenth anniversary of debut.
However, Jisook stated in an interview in 2018 that the members had maintained contact and believed that they would be able to eventually make a comeback.
On October 31, 2019, it was confirmed that the members of Rainbow would release a special tenth anniversary EP with all members participating in the comeback..
Chandpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Chandpur had a total population of 6,777 of which 3,533 (52%) were males and 3,244 (48%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 4 primary schools, the nearest higher school facilities being at Jagdishpur 3 km away.
Kodjo S. Knox-Limbacker is an Army National Guard officer who currently serves as the Adjutant General of the Virgin Islands National Guard.
Upon completing the Army Reserve Officer Training Corps program at Augusta State University, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant of Army Aviation in the active duty army.
As an Army aviator, Knox-Limbacker has logged over 2,700 flight hours, including tours in Africa, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, and South America.
After serving in the Pentagon, Knox-Limbacker was sent on a special active duty assignment to the Virgin Islands to fix chronic issues with readiness and discipline within the Virgin Islands National Guard.
Then-Colonel Knox-Limbacker was announced as the next Adjutant General of the Virgin Islands by Governor Albert Bryan on January 15, 2019.
Formally assuming the role of Adjutant General in May, Knox-Limbacker was unanimously confirmed by the Virgin Islands Legislature on July 12, 2019.
As Adjutant General, Knox-Limbacker has promised to fix chronic pay issues lingering from unpaid National Guard soldiers during the 2017 Hurricanes that devastated the islands.
In addition he has vowed to bring aviation back to the Virgin Islands National Guard, as it has been shut down since 2015 due to neglect and poor maintenance.
This was the twelfth edition of the tournament, which took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson from 6 to 12 January 2020 as part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year.
The Muay Thai competition at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Subic Bay Exhibition and Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines from 3 to 8 December 2019.
Robert Lee Brokenburr (November 16, 1886 - March 24, 1974) was an attorney, civil rights leader, and an Indiana State Senator.
In 1940, running as a Republican, he became the first African-American elected to the Indiana state legislature, where he served for 20 years.
The company, which sold cosmetic and haircare products for black women, went on to be one of the most successful African-American owned businesses in the United States.
In 1940, he ran as a Republican candidate for the Indiana Senate and became the first African-American elected to the Indiana State Senate.
The station is situated directly north of the former Twin Cities Assembly Plant, 135 acres of land that will be redeveloped into a mixed-use neighborhood by the City of Saint Paul and Ryan Companies.
The plot revolves around Julián (Juan Pablo Urrego), a young man from a wealthy family in the convulsed Medellin, Colombia of the 80s and 90s.
Julián grows up admiring his grandfather's power and playing hide and seek with weapons, fun that can be innocent until, when he grows up and having returned from the United States, all those games become a nightmare.
Bangsidharpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bangsidharpur had a total population of 5,218 of which 2,704 (52%) were males and 2,514 (48%) were females.
Among the civic amenities, it had 2 km roads with both open and covered drains, the protected water supply involved hand pumps, tanks, ponds, lakes.
Among the medical facilities, it had 3 dispensaries/ health centres, 3 nursing homes, 3 charitable hospital/ nursing homes, 2 medicine shops.
Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, the nearest higher school facilities at Jaynagar Majilpur 2 km away, the nearest general degree college at Dakshin Barasat 12 km away.
Kim Clijsters and Janette Husárová won the title by defeating Květa Hrdličková and Barbara Rittner 4–6, 6–3, 7–5 in the final.
Tyree Cedric Blocker (born 1953) is a retired law enforcement official who rose in the ranks of the Pennsylvania State Police serving as Commissioner from 2015 until his retirement in 2018.
In 1985 Blocker received his first promotion to Trooper first class while at troop L. In 1987 Blocker was again promoted to Corporal and three years later to Sergeant.
In 2005 Blocker left the state police and was a senior adviser to the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service then later adviser to the minister of national security for the Trinidad and Tobago government.
Blocker's nomination passed the Pennsylvania House of Representatives then the Pennsylvania State Senate and on August 3, 2015 Blocker was appointed as the 21st state police commissioner of Pennsylvania.
The station launched on 2 December 2019, following the merger of six Quidem-owned stations, including Touch FM, Rugby FM and Banbury Sound.
Under relaxed OFCOM requirements for local content on commercial radio, Capital Mid-Counties is permitted to share all programming between the six licences, all located within the approved area of the Midlands.
By 2006, The Bear 102, Centre FM and Kix 96 were rebranded by then-owners CN Group as Touch FM - with similar branding adopted by the Warwick and Banbury stations upon their launch.
In the same year, the CN Group acquired Rugby FM and transferred its operations to a regional broadcast centre in Kenilworth, Warwickshire.
The Banbury station was sold to a private consortium in a staff buyout in April and subsequently rebranded as a wholly independent operation, Banbury Sound.
In June, the four Touch FM stations and Rugby FM were sold for an undisclosed price to Quidem, a newly established company set up by former GCap Media directors Steve Orchard and Wendy Pallot.
In October 2010, Quidem reacquired Banbury Sound, which co-located to Quidem's main studios at Honiley in Warwickshire and reintroduced networked output but retained its separate branding.
From 2012 until 2016, Touch FM's service for Burton, Lichfield & Tamworth was broadcast from studios in Coalville, Leicestershire, shared with Oak FM (sold off by Quidem in 2015) until shortly after that station's sudden closure, when it moved to the Honiley studios.
The agreement allows the group to carry the branding and programming from one of Global's radio networks while retaining ownership of its six licences - effectively being operated as franchises.
On 27 November 2019, it was confirmed the six Quidem stations would merge and join the Capital network on Monday 2 December 2019.
Regional programming on the station consists of a three-hour Drivetime show on weekdays, alongside localised opt-outs for news bulletins, traffic updates and advertising.
Regional programming is produced and broadcast from Quidem's Honiley studios from 4-7pm on weekdays, presented by Ollie Gallant and Simon Alexander.
Domus Instituto de Autismo (Domus) is a non-profit organization based in Mexico City, Mexico that provides services to individuals with autism and their families.
Their support program covers the evaluation and diagnosis (neurological tests, behavioral tests and a detailed observation to determine the course of treatment), specialized support (learning basic skills, daily activities, writing, communication, monitoring instruction, stimulation and greater control of movement), and labor integration and school.
By the year 2000, they had worked with 400 individuals with autism and were planning to open up a job center for adults with autism.
Jacob Tuioti-Mariner (born July 25, 1996) is an American football defensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL).
Purba Bishnupur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Purba Bishnupur had a total population of 13,060 of which 6,660 (51%) were males and 6,400 (49%) were females.
Among the civic amenities, it had 3 km roads with both open and covered drains, the protected water supply involved hand pumps, tanks, ponds, lakes.
Among the educational facilities it had were 6 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, the nearest senior secondary school at Jaynagar Majilpur 4 km away, the nearest general degree college at Dakshin Barasat 15 km away.
The camera uses the Leica L-Mount lenses range and is part of the L-Mount Alliance of camera bodies that Leica co-developed with Panasonic and Sigma.
The new processor allows for faster AF than its predecessor as well as 20 fps burst shooting with the electronic shutter or 10 fps with the mechanical shutter.
The Leica SL2 can also capture DCI and UHD 4K resolution video at 60 frames/sec and up to 180 fps in Full HD mode.
WWCD (an initialism for What Would Chine Gun Do) is the debut studio album by Griselda (rappers Westside Gunn, Conway the Machine, Benny the Butcher and producer Daringer).
The album is entirely produced by Daringer and Beat Butcha, and features guest appearances from 50 Cent, Eminem, Keisha Plum, NOVEL, Raekwon and Tiona Deniece.
His career as a writer first began in Japan after publishing a short story written in Japanese, and his Korean-written works were later published in Korea.
While he was studying in Pyeongyang High School, he led a strike again Japan for which he was expelled from school.
He moved to Japan in 1932, graduated Saga High School, and got into Tokyo Imperial University in 1936 to study German literature.
During the Pacific War, he was in detention for 50 days, forced to follow the Japanese military on the frontlines of the Southeast Asia and to write about them, but he refused to the end.
He was sent to China in 1945 as a member of the group organized to entertain student soldiers, but he escaped to the Taihang mountain in Yan'an, China.
On hearing the news of Japan's defeat in August 15, 1945, he returned to his home country as the advance party of the Korean Volunteer Army.
He participated in a roundtable talk of writers held in Seoul and the inaugural meeting of the Literary Alliance of Joseon.
He did write a lot in Japanese, but he focused on the reality of the colonized country, explored the identity of the Korean people, and criticized the Japanese colonization.
Focusing on the internal conflict of the protagonist Haruo, born to a Japanese father and a Korean mother, the story deals with Korean residents in Japan.
The narrator of the story who acts like a Japanese and Haruo who denies his Korean blood reveal their true identities at the end.
The novel is fascinating because it describes different aspects of a colonized society and it deals with the family of the pro-Japanese official who is apprehensive about the vengeance of independence activists.
This report is another example of a cultural resistance against Japanese imperialism, and its narrator refuses to give up hope for the home country and Asia in such harsh realities.
Through this work, Kim suggests that his escape was a way to fight against Japan and to ensure his freedom to write, and also one of his attempts to realize utopia.
In the latter, he was categorized as a writer of proletarian literature and became well-known after his nomination for the Akutagawa Prize.
In North Korea, his name was erased in the literary history because he was from the Yeonan (Yan'an in Chinese) group, which stood against Kim Il-sung, until he was reinstated in 1987 and reevaluated as a conscientious nationalist.
In South Korea, he was hardly acknowledged since he moved to North Korea and wrote in Japanese; however, after the 1990s, critics enthusiastically acclaimed him for his bilingual and post colonialist writing.
He was made a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1873 and was awarded the Cross of Honour in 1908.
He was Director of the Department for Israeli Consulates in the United States and has also held roles in the Public Diplomacy Division and in the Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Before moving to his role in Ireland, he was Director of the Northern Europe Department in Israel’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Kariv presented his credentials to the President of Ireland, Mr. Michael D. Higgins, on October 16, 2018, showing him to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Israel to Ireland.
It got its name from Margaret Howe as her daughter Betty Constable believed that college level teams needed a national championship, this was when Margaret donated one hand engraved silver bowl, to be used as the tournaments permanent trophy.
1955 the tournament is renamed to The Howe Cup in honour of Margaret Howe and her twins Betty Constable and Peggy White.
Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the XMM-Newton, scientists have detected the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) between the galaxies in the Sculptor Wall.
In data from the paper, CONFIRMATION OF X-RAY ABSORPTION BY WARM-HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM IN THE SCULPTOR WALL, characteristics of this absorption in the sculptor wall by the oxygen atoms in particular, are similar to the absorption of the oxygen atoms in warm-hot intergalactic medium, giving scientists more assurance they can find other sources that compare to warm-hot intergalactic medium.
Officially opened on 23 April 2011 by Mr Lim Hng Kiang, Minister for Trade and Industry and Advisor to Telok Blangah Grassroots Organisations, Clementi Public Library serves the residents of South West Community Development Council.
Covering an area of 1900 m, it contains a children’s section, a new arrivals section, a newspaper reading corner and an adult section on level 5 of the mall.
Zhou Xiao (; born 17 May 1999) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Chinese Super League side Dalian Yifang.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Vaucluse in June 1988 because of the death of the Liberal member Ray Aston.
After 2019 Maharashtra political crisis, Shiv Sena decided to ally with Nationalist Congress Party and Indian National Congress to form government.
On 26 November 2019, Solanki resigned from Shiv Sena, after 21 years, by citing that his ideology would not let him work with Congress.
In July 2019, Solanki lodged a FIR against TikTok users for posting provocative content to take revenge following the Tabrez Ansari lynching.
Solanki had also registered a complaint against actor Ajaz Khan over mocking police machinery to defend those users who earlier posted videos.
Krishna Chandrapur is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Mathurapur police station in the Mathurapur I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Krishna Chandrapur had a total population of 8,146 of which 4,629 (52%) were males and 3,877 (48%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Raidighi 15 km away.
As of 2019, the school has a fiery headmaster, Chandan Kumar Maity, who goes well beyond his duties to help his students, living in an economically and socially backward region, particularly in opposing early marriage of girls.
The village, although now a ruin, features prominently in the writings of Josephus, where it served temporarily as the place of residence for Josephus during the First Jewish Revolt.
In the early stages of the war, Josephus, with the Galileans who were put under his command, cast up a bank around the village, in anticipation of a Roman assault upon the town.
Marchand-Thébault was part of a cohort of paleographers (including Monique Pouliquen Sarotte and Jean Tarrade) who were professionally trained archivists who worked on the records of French colonies, at Centre des Archives d'Outre-Mer in Aix-en-Provence (CAOM).
She managed the archives section of the Office of the High Commissioner of France in Madagascar, while the archives section of the Upper Territory of Madagascar was headed by Jean Valette.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Vaucluse on 29 August 1936 because of the death of United Australia Party member William Foster.
Eric Julian Steig is a Canadian-American glaciologist and geochemist who serves as professor of Earth and Space sciences at the University of Washington.
The game was first given a location test in 1996 and despite being previewed across few video game magazines, in addition of being showcased to attendees at trade shows, it was ultimately shelved by SNK for unknown reasons.
Failing in catching the ball from rebound after touching the floor results in a stack of random colored ghosts rapidly descending from the top and once all the ghosts reach the bottom, the game is over as a result unless players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing.
The game offers a single-player campaign mode where one player assume the role of either Bruce or McCoy to hunt and evict mischievious ghosts across multiple locations, as well as a versus mode where players compete for the highest score.
There are also three additional types of ghosts: bomb ghosts capable of detaching others caught within their blast radius, skull ghosts that take two hits to evict as well as electric ghosts, which act as dynamite that erases all the ghosts from the playfield.
Similar to Puyo Puyo's chain mechanism, players are able to attack the rival playfield by performing a chain reaction with a disappearing ghost that cause a group of ghosts to fall off and spawn in the rival area.
The sound was handled by Gamadelic members Hiroaki Yoshida, Masaaki Iwasaki and Shinichi Yamazaki, while character voice work was done by Lynn Harris and Ward Sexton, the latter of which is credited erroneously as Word E. Sexton.
SNK briefly considered re-releasing the title in 2001 but the idea was scrapped and was ultimately shelved for unknown reasons, leading Data East in notifying Japanese audiences about the cancelled launch via email, however several possible factors have been given as to why it was never published.
On January 2002, emulated screenshots from a prototype cartridge surfaced online, indicating that the ROM image of the game was preserved but not made widely available to public.
Although its production number during development remained unknown and was generally believed to be assigned with the number 128, it was later revealed to be officially assigned with the number 228 instead on April of the same year.
The 2019–20 Sam Houston State Bearkats men's basketball team will represent Sam Houston State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bearkats, led by 10th-year head coach Jason Hooten, will play their home games at the Bernard Johnson Coliseum in Huntsville, Texas as members of the Southland Conference.
As a regular season league champion who failed to win their league tournament, they received an automatic bid to the NIT, where they lost to TCU in the first round.
Edward Hewlett Hogben (6 March 1875 – 1 March 1936) was an Australian architect who had a prominent role in modernising the Carrington Hotel, Katoomba in 1911 when he designed the new facade for Sir James Joynton Smith.
In partnership with the estate agent Alfred Craig, and then with the Goyder brothers, he played an influential role in the architectural development of both Katoomba and Leura between the wars.
In 1889 Hogben commenced at Newington College under the presidency of the Rev Dr William Kelynack and the Headmastership of William Henry Williams.
Eugène Van Dievoet is the son of Ernest Jean-Louis Van Dievoet (Brussels, 16 July 1835 - Saint-Gilles, 28 August 1903) and Léonie Joséphine Françoise Most (Antwerp, 14 July 1838 - Brussels 1943), daughter of Ferdinand Gustave Adolphe Most and Ghislaine Philippine Pauline Delsart; and the grandson of Eugène Van Dievoet and Hortense Poelaert, sister of the famous architect Joseph Poelaert.
He married Léonie Caroline Catherine Quarez, born in Liège on May 22, 1865 and died in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, rue Vergote 30, on December 6, 1944, daughter of Philippe Guillaume Quarez and Catherine Lambertine Marie Ogis.
Eugène Van Dievoet began his career as a military architect and trained at the Royal Military Academy (48th class, engineering, 1880-1885).
After his military activities, he became a civil architect (living in rue Vergote 30) and built many houses and apartment buildings in Art Deco style or Beaux-Arts in Brussels.
The Hampshire Merit Tables are a set of leagues for rugby union teams based in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight for second, third and fourth teams of clubs who up until the 2018-19 season could not enter the first team leagues such as Hampshire 1 and Hampshire 2.
For the 2014-15 season the structure of the leagues changed to a regional basis consisting of Solent League, Hampshire South East, Hampshire South West and Hampshire North.
In 1939 he married Eleanor Jeremy Ashton, daughter of prominent leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Marvin O. Ashton and sister of future apostle Marvin J. Ashton.
Lee graduated from National Taiwan University of Arts with a film studies degree, and had a few part-time jobs in publishing and TV broadcasting companies.
Living off the royalties from the lyrics she has written and the sales of her self-funded poetry publications, lyricist Lee and poet Hsia Yu travel around for inspirations.
She had lived in the suburbs of Southern France, returned to Taiwan, and then have been living in both Taipei and Paris.
The unique genre of lyrics also created new possibilities for the singer to elevate her performance and in turn contribute to the well-roundedness of the song.
She wrote and explained the conflicts between two sides of the spectrum, like elite and commoners, cultural and commercial, and literates and celebrities, etc.
In the album, she compiled 13 of the lyrics that were not shortlisted by record companies, and invited producer Rou Zheng Chen to write and produce the songs.
Other than this album, Lee's has also made a few occasional appearances in other artists’ works; mostly through narration of poems in the name of Hsia Yu.
She sets the key of the first edition to be C Major, and when the second edition was published in 2008, the pink color was brightened by 15%, and the key became D Major.
Currently, Hsia Yu remains to publish individually for her determination of executing every detail and presenting the artwork in the exact way she wants it.
Adopting a different work process from Chinese pop music productions, Lee usually writes the lyrics first and then hand it to someone to write the melody.
Lee would also meet with the singer to get more understanding of the person, so she could feel the personality of the singer and be inspired to write lyrics that are suitable for him/her.
Lee is relatively more low-profile as she doesn't want to become a public figure nor does she want to be defined or tagged.
Lee wants to feel free, and also wants her readers to read her works freely with absolutely no interference from her personal affairs or behaviors.
Writing a song, on the other hand, makes her feel a stronger connection with the world, so she also sees writing lyrics as the more mainstream part of herself.
Because of writing poems, Lee can write lyrics that create impressions; and because of writing lyrics, she can write poems with rhythms.
The Burnside Heights Football Club, nicknamed the Bears, is an Australian rules football club located in Burnside Heights, Victoria, north west of Melbourne.
The club originated in 2012 with the intention to field junior sides, and in 2014 established a senior side in the Essendon District Football League (EDFL).
Today, the club fields teams in Division 2 and Division 2 Reserves, in the Premier Division of the EDFL Women's competition, and a number of junior squads.
The first such camera was the Leica M Edition 60 on 16 September 2014, which was released to mark the sixtieth anniversary of its Leica M rangefinder system.
Functionally the Leica M-D is almost exactly the same as the Leica M (Typ 262), but without the rear screen and menu buttons.
Leica says the camera is designed for the ‘essentials of photography’, or ‘Das Wescentliche’, and that it should help photographers concentrate on the important elements of image making rather than distracting camera functions.
The camera does not include the Leica 'red dot' logo, as the company wanted the camera to be as discrete as possible for street photography.
The Battle of San Salvador (1642) was an expedition launched by the Dutch against the Spanish and their aboriginal allies in 1642.
Having lost the previous Battle of San Salvador the previous year, the Dutch amassed a bigger strike force to beat the Spanish out of Formosa.
The Spanish meanwhile, having lost the trust of the aboriginals during the previous battle, were low in morale and dispatched a letter to Manila to request reinforcements, but Governor-General Corcuera sent only two small vessels carrying twelve sailors and twenty soldiers, further lowering the morale of Spanish stationed in the fort.
Knowing that the Dutch would try to land a force on San Salvador in an effort to capture the hilltop positions, the Spanish attempted an attack on the Dutch landing party.
The Spanish soldiers who defended it were few and lacked supplies, but they fought hard because they knew that if the Dutch captured the redoubt the Spanish were lost.
Having captured the redoubt, the Dutch aimed their cannon against the main fortress below and then sent a messenger with a white flag and a letter in Latin demanding surrender.
After the surrender, the Dutch confiscated the Spanish arms and flags and ferried the Spanish troops first to Tayouan, then to Batavia, and then finally back to Manila.
The Spanish governor who had surrendered to the Dutch was afraid he would be held responsible and refused to go back to Manila.
In 1644 Diego Fajardo Chacón, his successor as governor-general, had him locked up to stand trial for the loss of Formosa.
The prosecution charged that he had ordered the destruction of Fort San Domingo and the redoubt that protected San Salvador, that he had withdrawn three of the four companies of soldiers that defended the colony, and, finally, that he had installed as its last governor an inferior soldier who could neither read nor write.
This species of flowering plant is indigenous to the north-west of South America, particularly from the drainage basins of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers located in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.
Originally described by Hermann Karsten in 1858, the cacay tree distinguishes itself by its dense and leafy top, as well by its production of fruits that each contain three edible nuts.
Thomas Wilson (1726-22 September 1799) was an Irish academic and clergyman most of whose career was spent at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), where he served as the fifth Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy (1769-1786).
Selected as his successor was Herbert Snow, a Springfield College graduate who had been the head coach at Wellesley High School in Massachusetts.
The team began practices in early October, with only one player from their 1942 squad—Claude Henry, a reserve back who had returned to the university after serving in the Marine Corps.
Quarterback Bill Pizzano was named to the All-New England Small College Team; he was later inducted to the university's athletic hall of fame, in 2004.
Purba Ranaghat is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Mathurapur police station in the Mathurapur I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Purba Ranaghat had a total population of 5,207 of which 2,705 (52%) were males and 2,502 (48%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at Mathurapur, South 24 Parganas 12 km away.
Kahzin Daniels (born October 26, 1995) is an American football outside linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).
Rley opened a store, Riley's Sports Shop, in Manchester, New Hampshire in 1953 and later moved the store to Hooksett, New Hampshire.
The Battle of Vega Real, also called the Battle of the Holy Hill or the Battle of Jáquimo, took place on 27 March 1495 on the island of Hispaniola between an indigenous alliance and Spanish forces, commanded by Christopher Columbus, Bartholomew Columbus and Alonso de Ojeda, with the help of indigenous people from Guacanagaríx.
It is situated northeast of Pemberton, immediately west of the Place Glacier, and north of Mount Oleg, its nearest higher peak.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Jamaica first joined The World Bank Group (WBG) on the 21st of February, 1963, when the island nation became a member of The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which lends to middle and low income nations..
Jamaican Minister of Finance, Donald Sangster, led the Jamaican delegations to World Bank and International monetary Fund meetings between 1963 and 1966, while also serving as Governor of the World Bank and IMF.
By the end of 1988, Jamaica would join every agency within The World Bank Group except for the International development Association (IDA), the agency that provides interest free loans and grants to underdeveloped nations.
As of December of 2019, The World Bank has completed 91 project in Jamaica, with 10 additional projects currently active, project still pending approval.
Jamaica and The World Bank have worked together to get out of the trend of low growth and high debt, a dangerous combination.
Since 2019, Jamaica and the World Bank have embarked on an aggressive reform project, which has included The World Bank providing upwards of $500 million US dollars towards development effort in Jamaica.
Between 1950 and 1960 Jamaica experienced high rates of economic growth, due in large part to the growth of the Bauxite mining sector, which went from nonexistent to accounting for over 8% of GDP during the 10 year period.
Jamaica declared independence August 6th, 1962, withdrawing from The Federation of the West Indies, and established a parliamentary democracy centered in the capital of Kingston.
The process of structural adjustment reforms (SAPs) began in the mid 1980's, and included financial liberalization, freeing of the foreign exchange market, general marketization.
Several economist have voiced concern over this, arguing that an increase in the size of the informal economy can lead to a decline in economic growth.
Today Jamaica has a population of 2.8 million individuals (2018), a GNI per capita of $4,990 (2018), and a lower inequality rate than most nations in Latin America.
The Jamaican economy has suffered from poor overall growth in the past several decades, averaging less than 1% growth annually over the past 30 years.
Some of the causes of slow growth in Jamaica are a disproportionately large public sector, high crime levels, endemic corruption, strict regulation, poor judicial effectiveness, a high debt-to-GDP ratio, and high levels of unemployment.
However, after implementing economic reforms as part of program supported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The World Bank Group and the Inter-American Development bank (IADB), economic stability was established, and Jamaica has achieved 16 consecutive quarters of growth.
Broadly supported, these reforms have demonstrated over the course of two administrations fiscal discipline, and support for both monetary and financial reforms.
In 1965 The World Bank provided Jamaica with loans that supported the construction that expanded a road from Kingston to Spanish Town.
In 1966 loans were provided that allowed for the construction of secondary schools, teacher training programs, the Jamaica School of Agriculture, and the expansion of the University of Technology.
In 1967 Jamaica was able to expand and improve the Jamaica Telephone Company's network services thanks to loans provided by the World Bank.
In 1971 the two worked together to improve education by increasing the total number of secondary school and vocational training centers.
1974 saw improvements to both of Jamaica's international airports, in part, because of support provided to Jamaica by the World Bank.
In 2009, The Jamaican National Develop Agency published Vision 2030 Jamaica, an ambitious new framework that seeks to serve as a near to long-term guide to Jamaica's development.
In order to support this effort, the World Bank has provided over $500 million US dollars towards development effort in Jamaica since 2013.
Other initiates include, but are not limited to, improvements to the private sector, fostering of investment into high potential sectors, climate resilience projects, and increased capacity to gather climate data for risk management purposes.
The IFC work in Jamaica in a variety of different sectors, such as the expansion and privatization of the Sangster International Airport.
In Jamaica, MIGA works in a number of different sectors, but has a special focus on the development of tourism, financial service, and the energy sector.
In 2018, public debt fell below 100% of GPD for the first time in decades, and is expected to continue to decline below 60% by 2025/26.
Furthermore, unemployment is at historic lows (7.8%), international's reserve coverage is high as well as stable, inflation has stabilized is reduced.
According to World Bank data, nearly 390,000 individuals have been impacted by the Program of Advancement through Health and Education (PATH).
Research has indicated that PATH has been successful both in terms of its ability to target the poorest 20% of households, and an overall high level of satisfaction reported by those who engage with the program.
REDI has been so successful that a second REDI project will impact an estimated 20,000 additional individuals, many of are at-risk women and youth.
Another project, The Jamaica Integrated Community Development Project, has improved safety and development conditions in 18 inner city and rural communities by improving infrastructure using sustainable solutions, such as solar lighting, or purchasing of safety equipment, such as fire hydrants or extinguishers.
Other programs include building water supply systems, the implementation of school based violence prevention programs, training of youth in business, justice, and medical procedures, and much more.
Under a World Bank development program, The Jamaica Energy Security and Efficiency Enhancement Project, Jamaica has begun the transition to renewable energy.
Since the program began, Jamaica has increased it generation capacity from 9% to 12% with a final goal of 20% by 2030, inline with Jamaica Vision 2030, lowering its dependence on expensive foreign oil.
The Youth Employment in Digital and Animation Industries Project has created more than 4,000 jobs for young Jamaicans in the digital sector, making way for the growth of a new Jamaican animation industry.
When the project is completed, it is expected to produces about 120,000 megawatts of electricity per year, or just over 3% of the Jamaica's energy demands.
When finished, the project is expected to produce energy that is among the cheapest available on the Jamaican energy grid, all while offsetting the equivalent emissions of approximately 13,000 cars .
The project directed $35 million Dollars, all committed by the IRBD, strengthening the institutional capabilities of the ministry of construction, develop road infrastructure in a cost effective manner, and improving road safety.
Some argue that the Jamaican financial crisis of the 1990's, which caused the failure of numerous organizations and eventually required large scale government intervention, can trace its origins to the Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) that World Bank organized.
These SAPs included the removal of credit controls, privatization of the financial sector, the adoption of market determined deposit rates, and removal of price ceilings, among other changes.
Highway 2000, completed in 2003, was a large scale development project that has connected the norther and southern end of the Island via a new highway, stretching over 67 km (41.6 miles).
The project also received financing from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), The European Investment Bank (EIB), The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and Proparco (AFD).
After high school, Tomita earned a teaching certificate, and taught in elementary schools until 1920, when she married a farmer named Masakazu Tomita.
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Tomita burned all of her poetry so that the FBI would not assume that she had any loyalty to Japan.
After she was released in 1945, Tomita briefly lived in Minnesota, but returned to Seattle after the war and became a seamstress.
In 1967, Tomita was forced to relocate a second time when it was found that her home was in the buffer zone around the Seattle Tacoma Airport.
Bob Thiele established Doctor Jazz Records in 1983 to release new material, historical recordings, and albums previously released on his Flying Dutchman, Signature, Hanover, Amsterdam and Bob Thiele Music labels.
Astrology is a pseudoscience that claims to divine information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the movements and relative positions of celestial objects.
Brian Henderson (26 March 1936-20 August 2017) was an English solid-state spectroscopic physicist whose career included spells at Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Keele University, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), and the University of Strathclyde.
He became senior scientific officer at the Basic Ceramics Group at AERE (Harwell) in 1962, and joined the staff at Keele University in 1968, being promoted to Reader in Physics there in 1972.
Upon the retirement of Nobel laureate Ernest Walton from TCD in 1974, Henderson moved to Ireland and became Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, a position he held for 10 years.
Lalpur is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Mathurapur police station in the Mathurapur I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Lalpur had a total population of 4,691 of which 2436 (52%) were males and 2,255 (48%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had was 1 primary school, the nearest higher school facilities at Krishna Chandrapur 1 km away.
The visit of Erich Honecker to West Germany took place between 7-11 September 1987 in his official capacity as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic.
Soviet objections to Honecker's travel to the west were related both to Soviet interests in the block confrontation and to the policies of the Schmidt and Kohl governments in the NATO Double-Track Decision.
In autumn 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev sent a message to Honecker giving him consent to visit Bonn, which was a result of his own efforts to establish closer contacts with Western countries as part of the reorientation of Soviet politics through the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika.
To solidify this, Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker was received by Gorbachev in the Moscow Kremlin on 7 July 1987 to discuss the visit.
The announcement of the abolition of capital punishment in the GDR on 17 July 1987 by the State Council was also related to Honecker's planned visit.
From there he was transported in a motorcade to the Federal Chancellery where he arrived at half past nine in the morning.
After an initial exchange of pleasantries between the two leaders, Honecker was invited into the neighboring Hammerschmidt Villa for a meeting with Federal President Weizsäcker for a working lunch.
The afternoon of the first day of visit was mainly devoted to discussions in the Federal Chancellery, where it mainly went to topics such as travel and visitor traffic, border determination in the Elbe section, minimum exchange, town twinning and the shooting order.
In the evening, the federal government gave hosted a dinner for the delegations in the Redoute, where in the table speeches the basic political positions of the heads of state were exchanged.
Chancellor Kohl had insisted in advance that the table speeches of the two heads of government are broadcast live on state television both in the FRG and in the GDR.
After the drive from Schloss Gymnich to Bonn's government district, Honecker conferred once again with Kohl and Schäuble in a small meeting.
It was followed by Honecker meeting with Bundestag President Philipp Jenninger, and former President Karl Carstens as well as the chairmen of the parties represented in the Bundestag, including the Leader of the Social Democratic Party Hans-Jochen Vogel.
In the evening, Honecker gave a counter invitation to dinner at the Hotel Bristol, where he delivered a speech with Kohl.
He flew to Nörvenich Air Base by a helicopter provided by the Federal Border Police and then was driven to Dusseldorf, where he with Minister-President Johannes Rau met at Schloss Benrath.
Honecker and Rau agreed at the meeting, in the future, at least every six months to make contact talks especially on environmental protection techniques.
In the villa he met with leading representatives of the German economy, including Berthold Beitz, head of the Krupp steel conglomerate) and Carl H. Hahn of Volkswagen.
On the fourth day of his visit, Honecker went to Trier, where he was received by Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate Bernhard Vogel in front of the Electoral Palace.
With Vogel he then discussed opportunities for economic and cultural relations between the GDR and the state, followed by a working lunch followed.
In the afternoon, Honecker visited the Karl Marx House Museum, the birthplace of Karl Marx and laid down 50 roses there.
From Trier, Honecker traveled via a German Air Force Boeing 707 to Saarland, where he was received at the Saarbrücken Airport by Minister President Oskar Lafontaine with military honours from the German Army and then officially welcomed in the State Chancellery.
From there Honecker traveled by motorcade to Neunkirchen, where he visited in the Wiebelskirchen district his younger sister Gertrud Hoppstädter (1917-2010) and the grave of his parents Wilhelm (1881-1969) and Caroline Catharina Honecker (1883-1963).
In his speech there, Honecker gave an emotional speech in which he spoke of a day when Germans would no longer be separated by borders.
After this private part of the visit, Honecker participated in a dinner with Minister President Lafontaine and representatives of the Saarland business and political community at the Dillinger Hütte Casino.
On 11 September 1987, at 11 o'clock in the morning, Honecker left Saarland aboard the same passenger aircraft he used to arrive in the city.
Honecker's last day during his visit to the FRG was spent in Munich, Bavaria, where Minister-President of Bavaria Franz Josef Strauss picked him up at Munich-Riem Airport and conferred with him in the Bavarian State Chancellery.
Strauss then hosted a lunch in honor of Honecker in the Hall of the Antiquarium in the Munich Residenz, at which about 130 representatives from Bavarian politics and the economic sphere attended.
After the farewell he was given in the afternoon, Honecker flew from Munich back to East Berlin on a Soviet Ilyushin Il-62, landing at Berlin Schönefeld Airport a short time later.
As the visit was already controversial as it deemed to confirm West Germany's acceptance of East Germany's existence, the former government went to great lengths to lower its status.
While the political leadership of the GDR expected that Honecker would receive customary diplomatic practices in accordance with the internationally recognized institutions, the West Germans tried to avoid such a protocol which would be considered a recognition of the GDR as an independent state and an endorsement of the communist system.
Joseph Allen Galbraith (29 November 1818-20 October 1890) was an Irish mathematician, academic and prolific textbook author, who spent his entire career at Trinity College Dublin (TCD).
In 1853, he joined the Council of the Dublin Statistical Society, and delivered a paper highlighting the advantages of a decimal currency system.
He also successfully lobbied to have a TCD colleague dismissed for incompetence in his supposed area of expertise (the Italian language).
The Paladins, led by 3rd-year head coach Bob Richey, play their home games at Timmons Arena in Greenville, South Carolina as members of the Southern Conference.
Timothy M. Pinkston is an African American computer engineer, researcher, educator and administrator whose work is focused in the area of computer architecture.
He holds the George Pfleger Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Southern California (USC).
Pinkston is the first African American to become a tenured faculty member with primary appointment in engineering and the first African American to hold a decanal administrative faculty position in engineering in USC’s history.
Prior to embarking on a professorial career in academia, Pinkston was a Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories, a Research Intern at IBM T. J. Watson Research Laboratories, and a Hughes Doctoral Fellow and Research Staff at Hughes Research Laboratories (HRL).
In 1993, Pinkston joined the University of Southern California as an Assistant Professor and promoted to the ranks of Associate Professor in 1999 and full Professor in 2003.
In 2009, Pinkston was appointed as the Senior Associate Dean of Engineering of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering and, in 2011, became the Vice Dean for Faculty Affairs in the Viterbi School.
In 2017, Pinkston was named holder of the Louise L. Dunn Endowed Professorship in Engineering, and in 2019, he was named holder of the George Pfleger Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering.
At USC, Pinkston founded the Superior Multiprocessor Architecture (SMART) Interconnects Group which investigates high-performance communication architectures for parallel computer systems—interconnection networks, adaptive and reconﬁgurable routing algorithms, router design and implementation, and energy- and resource-efficient NoCs.
Before that, he served two years as NSF’s CISE CCF Program Director for the Computer Systems Architecture area and co-established the Multicore Chip Design and Architecture (MCDA) program, co-funded by SRC.
Pinkston served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS) from 1999 to 2002, a member of the Executive Committee of the IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture (TCCA) from 2010-2015, and a founding member of the SIGARCH/SIGMICRO Committee to Aid Reporting on Discrimination and Harassment Policy Violations (CARES) since 2018.
In collaboration with his SMART group members, Pinkston conducted deadlock characterization studies that revealed how infrequently, and under what conditions, deadlocks can form and be resolved in interconnection networks, giving credence to deadlock recovery-based routing as a viable alternative to deadlock avoidance-based routing.
He and his collaborators investigated deadlock-free routing techniques that improve understanding of various approaches to resolve potential deadlocks, including regressive-based, deflective-based, and progressive-based recovery routing algorithms and architectures.
Pinkston, with his collaborators, developed general theory for designing routing algorithms applicable to recovery-based as well as avoidance-based (preventative) approaches and developed a theoretical framework and design methodology for deadlock-free dynamic reconfiguration of routing algorithms—to tolerate network faults, hot-swapping, and other changes in interconnectivity that can cause reconfiguration-induced deadlocks—with minimal packet loss, high throughput, and improved resiliency.
With SMART group members, he was among the first to explore architectural support for effectively applying power-saving techniques, such as power gating, to NoCs for reducing static power consumption in computer systems.
With an endowment gift from Pinkston, The Ohio State University has established the Pinkston Family Achievement Award Fund, which annually awards scholarships to students in the Lambda Psi minority engineering honorary who are performing at the highest academic levels, as well as to a Minority Engineering Program (MEP) student with the most-improved performance.
It also supports Ohio State’s Academic Coaching in Engineering (ACE) Program which offers tutoring and study strategy instruction to MEP students in OSU’s College of Engineering.
In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable matching polytope or stable marriage polytope is a convex polytope derived from the solutions to an instance of the stable matching problem.
For each vertex, the Cartesian coordinates are one for pairs that are matched in the corresponding matching, and zero for pairs that are not matched.
The points satisfying all of these constraints can be thought of as the fractional solutions of a linear programming relaxation of the stable matching problem.
It is a theorem of that the polytope described by the facet constraints listed above has only the vertices described above.
This can be seen as an analogue of the theorem of Garrett Birkhoff that an analogous polytope, the Birkhoff polytope describing the set of all fractional matchings between two sets, is integral.
An equivalent way of stating the same theorem is that every fractional matching can be expressed as a convex combination of integral matchings.
prove this by constructing a probability distribution on integral matchings whose expected value can be set equal to any given fractional matching.
The resulting randomly chosen stable matching chooses any particular matched pair with probability equal to the fractional coordinate value of that pair.
Therefore, the probability distribution over stable matchings constructed in this way provides a representation of the given fractional matching as a convex combination of integral stable matchings.
The family of all stable matchings forms a distributive lattice, the lattice of stable matchings, in which the join of two matchings gives all doctors their preference among their assigned hospitals in the two matchings, and the meet gives all hospitals their preference.
In the stable matching polytope, one can define one matching to dominate another if, for every doctor and hospital, the total fractional value assigned to matches for that doctor that are at least as good (for the doctor) as that hospital are at least as large in the first matching as in the second.
This partial order has a unique largest element, the integer stable matching found by a version of the Gale–Shapley algorithm in which the doctors propose matches and the hospitals respond to the proposals.
It also has a unique smallest element, the integer stable matching found by a version of the Gale–Shapley algorithm in which the hospitals make the proposals.
Consistently with this partial order, one can define the meet of two fractional matchings to be a fractional matching that is as low as possible in the partial order while dominating the two matchings.
For each doctor and hospital, it assigns to that potential matched pair a weight that makes the total weight of that pair and all better pairs for the same doctor equal to the larger of the corresponding totals from the two given matchings.
Alternative methods for the same problem include applying the closure problem to a partially ordered set derived from the lattice of stable matchings, or applying linear programming to the order polytope of this partial order.
The property of the stable matching polytope, of defining a continuous distributive lattice is analogous to the defining property of a distributive polytope, a polytope in which coordinatewise maximization and minimization form the meet and join operations of a lattice.
However, the meet and join operations for the stable matching polytope are defined in a different way than coordinatewise maximization and minimization.
Instead, the order polytope of the underlying partial order of the lattice of stable matchings provides a distributive polytope associated with the set of stable matchings, but one for which it is more difficult to read off the fractional value associated with each matched pair.
In fact, the stable matching polytope and the order polytope of the underlying partial order are very closely related to each other: each is an affine transformation of the other.
The album features modern, metal-based interpretations and arrangements of pieces by composers such as Vivaldi, Bach and Mozart, but keeps the emphasis on the Kazakh folk tradition; to that end, there are also arrangements of pieces from composers such as Makhambet Utemisov and Qurmangazy Sagyrbaiuly.
Mardi Himal is a 5,587 peak beneath the much more prominent Machapuchare in the Annapurna region of Nepal, from which it is separated by a 5,200m col.
Patrick Sullivan (born December 15, 1971) is an American basketball coach, currently an assistant for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels, where he was a part of three Final Four teams, including their 1992–93 national championship team.
The small forward ultimately chose to play for coach Dean Smith at North Carolina (UNC), choosing the Tar Heels over Duke, Virginia, Providence and Seton Hall.
This allowed Sullivan to join the 1994–95 Tar Heels, where he was able to become the first Tar Heel to play in three Final Fours since 1969.
He served in this role until 2000, when Guthridge retired and new coach Matt Doherty chose to bring in a new staff.
Sullivan was then an assistant women's coach at UNC Wilmington for two seasons before leaving in 2003 for a video coordinator role with the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
After being a part of the staff for the NBA champion 2003–04 Detroit Pistons, Sullivan was promoted to a full assistant for the following year.
Sullivan then held assistant roles with the New Jersey Nets, a repeat run with the Pistons, the Washington Wizards and Los Angeles Clippers before joining the staff of new New York Knicks coach David Fizdale in 2018.
He was removed from his position due to a scandal involving ministry bureaucrats, alongside Vice Minister Yutaka Kawashima, Ambassador Shunji Yanai, and Ambassador Sadayuki Hayashi.
In the 1990s, she was president of the European Network of Women Journalists and the Association of Women Journalists of Catalonia.
All Serbian Saints Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Храм сабора српских светитеља) is a Serbian Orthodox cathedral church located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada and dedicated to all the Serbian saints.
The construction of the church began in February 1983 with the purchase of the property which previous to that was a school property.
The foundation stone was blessed and laid by the Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church Pavle during his visit to Canada on June 14, 1994.
Due to the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, the construction of the church was halted and was continued in 1999.
The main part of the church is a squared cross with only one cupola above the central part of the church.
It is native to the following countries or regions: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Transcaucasia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
The Islamic Republic of Iran and the IMF have been in partnership since 1945.The IMF was established in 1944 during the Breton Woods Conference in the United States.
The IMF monitors the economies of its respective constituent nations and also delivers policy memos in order to stabilize the economies.
Other loans given are for the correction of an underlying issue within a nation or for poverty stricken nations to jumpstart their respective economies.
Executive directors are chosen by the country which has the most voting power within its respective groups.Hence, the countries within the group that have the most economic power carry the vote for their entire grouping.
The Islamic Republic of Iran has only gone to the IMF on 2 occasions, both occurring before the 1979 revolution of Iran.
While the Islamic Republic or Iran is a different regime than that of the Shah's regime, the state of Iran joined the IMF on 29 December 1945.
As of 2019, the IR Iran's special drawing rights (SDR) is 1549.18 million and its remaining callable capital brings Iran to its IMF quota of 3567.1 million SDR.
Iran is one of the two largest economies in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region, trailing only behind the economy of Saudi Arabia and trails in population only to Egypt.
Iran holds the executive directorship in its grouping; the other countries in the IR Iran's group are the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Algeria, Ghana, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, and Tunisia.
The total voting power (% of total IMF funding) of IR Iran's IMF group is 2.54, where Iran carries the most individual votes having 37,136 votes of the 128, 046 votes in its grouping.
Although the Islamic Republic of Iran carries the overall vote for its group in the board of directors meeting, its power doesn't go far in comparison to that of the United States (16.52% of the total fund).
The voting bloc of the United States, Japan, UK, France, and Germany along with the other EU directors makes it nearly impossible for the economic policies of IR Iran to be implemented in any effective manner.
Compared to 2017/18, 2018/19's fiscal year has seen a 9.5% drop in GDP and a 37.5% inflation hike due to the restricting economic environment that was created by President Donald Trump.
The tightened economy has led the IMF to recommend through its many policy memos that the IR Iran raise its price of barrels of oil to $194.60.
The domestic economy is projected to go from 2019/20's fiscal year $60.3 billion in goods and services to $55.5 billion in 2020/21's fiscal year.
OPEC is expected to increase its deficit of 4.5% in 2019/20 to 5.1% in 2020/21 in large part due to the restrictions on Iran's economy.
The IMF implements its policies through the use of a conditionality, but since the IR Iran hasn't used the fund to lend since 1960, the fund can only send policy memos.
In the 2018 Article IV Consultation of IR Iran, the fund dictates the manners in which the country can fix its economy through restructuring the banks and political infrastructure.
Tremor Mountain is a prominent summit located in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in Garibaldi Provincial Park of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
Precipitation runoff from the south side of the peak as well as meltwater from the Platform Glacier drains into Fitzsimmons Creek which is a tributary of the Cheakamus River.
Meltwater from the Tremor Glacier on the northwestern slope drains to Wedge Creek, and meltwater from the Shudder Glacier on the northeast slope drains into Billygoat Creek, a tributary of the Lillooet River.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Tremor Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Agriophyllum is a genus of flowering plants of the family Amaranthaceae, native to arid regions of Asia with a few occurrences in Eastern Europe.
The Hans Christian 33, also called the Hans Christian 33 Traditional and the Traditional 33, is a Taiwanese sailboat that was designed by Harwood Ives as a blue-water cruiser and first built in 1980.
In 1990 production was moved to Thailand in search of cheaper labour and lower taxes under the name Dutch East Indes Trading Company, although the company seems to have completed only one boat before production was moved to Andersen Yachts.
It has a cutter rig, a spooned raked stem, a bulbous rounded transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel, an optional bowsprit and a fixed long keel.
The below decks accommodation is unconventional, with a double Pullman berth aft on the starboard side and another forward on the port side.
The galley is on the port side at the foot of the companionway steps, and is just aft of the dinette table.
The dinette table does not convert to a berth, but the starboard settee does, for a total sleeping accommodation for five people.
But, be aware that these will be high maintenance boats to keep in Bristol fashion, and age will take its toll on teak decks.
Ravilja Salimova, also known as Ravilja Prokopenko (8 September 1941 - 3 July 2019) was an Uzbek basketball player who played in the Soviet Union women's national basketball teams which won the European women's basketball championship in 1962, 1964, 1966, and 1968 and the 1964 FIBA World Championship for Women.
She was born in Surxondaryo Region of the USSR on 8 September 1941, and died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, on 3 July 2019.
Takakazu Kuriyama (; died 1 April 2015) was a Japanese politician who served as ambassador to Malaysia and the United States.
He held the position of Director General of the North American Affairs Bureau, and was appointed Vice Minister in May 1989.
He was involved in the negotiations that led to the 1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement, which returned the Okinawa Prefecture to Japan from the United States.
It was built originally as a small double pen house, with two rooms over four rooms, and with a stairway in the rear of the house to the bedrooms above.
Outbuildings that been lost, whose locations were known at time of listing, included a carriage house, a chicken house, and a smokehouse.
The Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique was an 18th century ambitious proposal for a monumental royal palace to be built in the Campo de Ourique neighborhood of Lisbon.
Portuguese architect Dionizio de S. Dionizio planned the palace for King Joseph I of Portugal as part of the reconstruction efforts following the destruction of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake.
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, with its ensuing tsunami and fire, devastated much of Lisbon, notably destroying the city's Ribeira Palace royal complex centered at the Terreiro do Paço, including the Tagus Royal Opera House and the new cathedral of the Patriarch of Lisbon.
Ribeira Palace had been the primary Lisbon residence of the King of Portugal since the 16th century, when it substituted the Royal Alcáçova at São Jorge Castle.
Following the earthquake, King Joseph I of Portugal and the Portuguese Royal Family established themselves in the western reaches of Lisbon, which survived the earthquake, first at Belém Palace and then at Ajuda Palace.
Reconstruction efforts for the city as a whole were charged to Manuel da Maia, Eugénio dos Santos, and Carlos Mardel by the Marquis of Pombal, King Joseph's prime minister.
Manuel da Maia, as High-Engineer of the Kingdom, was charged with personally leading the efforts to rebuilt a royal palace in central Lisbon.
In February 1756, Manuel da Maia selected Campo de Ourique to be the site of the new royal palace and began studies into the geography of the area and the urban planning of the palace and its integration into the larger urban environment.
Campo de Ourique was purposefully chosen as an area not located near the Tagus river waterfront, which suffered the most destruction from the earthquake and tsunami.
In 1758, Maia charged Carlos Mardel with the objective of contextualizing the chosen palace site into the larger urban fabric of the rebuilding city and Eugénio dos Santos with the execution of plans for the palace and its environs.
The two alternative elevations of possible main façades done by military engineer Captain Dionizio S. Dionizio in 1760 are thought to have been executed under the guidance of Eugénio dos Santos, though the details surrounding the palace's planning are unclear.
Owing to the primary concern of rebuilding the vast amounts of housing and commercial buildings destroyed by the earthquake, the Portuguese Royal Family eventually began to settle at Ajuda Palace, with many families of the Portuguese nobility choosing to establish themselves in the Belém district of Lisbon, which was spared from devastation.
A sentiment arose among nobles who had rebuilt their own estates in the Belém and Ajuda districts that the King should not relocate and rebuilt a palace in Campo de Ourique, which was a considerable distance from Belém and Ajuda.
This sentiment coupled with the complications that arose in the reconstruction of Lisbon, particularly of the scarcity of materials and labour, led to the decision to ultimately abandon the project for a palace in Campo de Ourique.
The façade elevations of the palace were discovered in 2014 by researchers at the Lisbon Academy of Sciences in the academy archives.
Hélder Carita, a researcher with NOVA University Lisbon's FCSH, lead the investigation into the origin and context of the architectural plans.
While it is assumed that Dionizio S. Dionizio executed these plans while under the leadership of Eugénio dos Santos, the prominence of his name on the plans, while also not being one of the prominent engineers and architects leading Lisbon's reconstruction, raise questions about the context in which these elevations were drawn up.
Group B of the 2020 Copa América, also referred to as the North Zone, will take place from 13 June to 1 July 2020 in Colombia.
Group A of the 2020 Copa América, also referred to as the South Zone, will take place from 12 to 30 June 2020 in Argentina.
He ran for Mayor of Agrigento at the 2007 Italian local elections, supported by a coalition composed of Union of the Centre, Democrats of the Left and UDEUR.
The play centers on three friends who gather one night under a mysterious premise at a repair shop in Manchester, New Hampshire, exploring the themes of regret, fraternity, and masculinity.
A film adaption starring the original cast in various roles was produced in 2019 and is expected to be released in 2020.
Former high school buddies Frank, Swaino and Packie – now past their prime – meet off-hours one night in Franks out-of-the-way repair shop under cloudy circumstances that only Frank seems to have a handle on.
David Mauer provided the set and lighting design, Jennifer Pollono was the costume designer and Tony Lepore was the sounds designer.
The original cast consisted of Pollono portraying the character Frank, Michael Redfield as Packie, Jon Bernthal as Swiano, and Josh Helman as Chad.
Following this run, the play transferred to the Beverly Hills Playhouse; this production was also extended after a successful run, running into September 2011.
Ultimately, this schedule change conflicted with Bernthal's own filming schedule and in July 2013 it was announced that he had ceded his role.
The play's creative team included directer Jo Bonney, set designer Richard Hoover, costume designer Theresa Squire, lighting designer Lap Chi Chu, and sound designer Jill BC Du Boff.
A limited-run production, the play began previews on October 30, 2013, opened on November 20, 2013, and closed on December 21, 2013.
Pollono reprised his role as Frank while James Ransone took over the role of Packie, James Badge Dale portrayed Swaino, and Keegan Allen portrayed Chad.
Pollano and Bernthal reprise their roles from the original production and Shea Whigham and Spencer House portray Packie and Chad, respectively.
Additionally, Jennifer Pollono, the original costume designer, and Sophie Pollono, her daughter with John Pollono also have roles in the film.
Ana Paola López Yrigoyen (born 9 February 1994) is a Mexican professional football forward who currently plays for Pachuca of the Liga MX Femenil.
López was part of the Mexico women's national under-17 team who competed at the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Trinidad and Tobago.
López briefly attended the University of South Florida, before returning to Mexico to study political science at Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México.
During the 1970s, Eves was a founder of and the director of programming for The Centre for Experimental Art and Communication (CEAC) in Toronto, Ontario.
Messiah was born in Santiago de los Caballeros in the Dominican Republic and the age of 2, moved to the Hamilton Heights, Manhattan section of Harlem in New York City.
He wrote his first song at the age of 11, but didn’t have fame until he formed the duo with fellow rapper Tali Goya called Tali & Messiah.
He then completed doctoral study at Columbia University in the United States in 1983, and was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study between 1984 and 1985.
Lin was elected a member of Academia Sinica in 1998, received the Morningside Medal that same year, and was awarded Taiwan's in 2001.
Lin was critical of the Democratic Progressive Party response to the Sunflower Student Movement, and has signed petitions backing required mathematics education for Taiwanese senior high school students, and against the nuclear energy question posed by the 2018 Taiwanese referendum.
On 24 October, in the finals, she placed third in a tie with American Regina Jaquess with a score of 6,090.
Their preliminary scores were used as a tie breaker Jaquess won bronze with her initial score of 7,060, while Cuglievan took fourth place.
At the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru, Cuglievan competed in the women's tricks event, which took place at Club Bujama Lacus, the artificial lagoon where she began water skiing.
In the finals, she won gold and broke a Pan American record with a score of 9910, 190 points ahead of second place Erika Lang.
At Putrajaya Lake in Putrajaya, Malaysia from August 13—18, 2019, Cuglievan participated in the women's tricks event at the Water Ski World Championships.
She scored 9570 points, winning the silver medal behind first place American, Anna Gay, and in front of third place German, Giannina Bonnemann who scored 10530 and 8740 points respectively.
It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1936, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
It was designed and built for Joseph D. McFarland in an early Greek Revival style by Collin Rodgers, a Troup County architect-craftsman.
The 1994 Canadian National Soccer League season was the seventy second season for the Canadian National Soccer League.The season began on May 28, 1994 with Montreal Ramblers facing Toronto Croatia at the Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard.The majority of the season was contested by the reigning champions, St. Catharines Roma, along with Montreal Croatia, and Toronto Italia.
The title was eventually won by Toronto Italia after defeating St. Catharines in the CNSL Championship final.Toronto would also secure the treble, which included the regular season title, and the league cup.
Since the merger of the Canadian Soccer League, and the National Soccer League in 1993 the league had a presence in Manitoba, but became restricted solely in Ontario and Quebec.
The league continued to operate as the only exclusively Canadian professional league within the country, while the Canadian clubs in the American Professional Soccer League served as the highest tier league in the country's soccer structure.
Events regarding issues involving Richmond Hill Kick, Toronto Croatia, and league management would subsequently lead to the creation of the Canadian International Soccer League (Puma League) in 1995.
The season saw a reduction in league membership as the boundaries of the league were restricted to Ontario and Quebec.The CNSL lost its presence in Manitoba as the Winnipeg Fury ceased operations due to heavy financial losses.
Richmond Hill Kick were suspended midway through the 1993 season after failing to pay the final installment of the league’s operational fee, and failure in appearing in scheduled matches.
After a dispute over philosophical differences.with league commissioner Rocco Lofranco the Windsor Wheels joined the United States Interregional Soccer League, and relocated to Detroit, Michigan.
Originally Toronto Croatia participated in the cup competition, but near the conclusion of the season withdrew from both the regular season and cup tournament.
The Golden Boot, and Rookie of the Year was given to Italia forward Ryan Gamble, who would later go onto higher endeavors in the USISL D-3 Pro League, and USISL A-League.
Mónica Rodríguez Guzmán (born 3 August 1998) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a defender for the Liga MX Femenil club América and the Mexico women's national team.
Rodríguez was part of the Mexico women's national under-17 team who reached the quarter finals of the 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.
She made her debut for the senior Mexico women's national team on 12 December 2019, in a 6–0 friendly defeat by Brazil at Arena Corinthians in São Paulo.
The 2020 Chinese Figure Skating Championships () was a national figure skating competition held from September 14–16, 2019 in Changchun, Jilin.
Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
Her interest in British history stems from her father's interest in British modernist literature, and her feminist approach to history was influenced by Harvard University professors Susan Pederson, Alexandra Owen, and Olwen Hufton.
After working as a faculty member in the history departments of American University from 1997 to 2002 and Brown University from 2002 to 2010, she joined Northwestern University as Ritzma Professor in 2010.
In it, she contrasted the generous treatment by the Weimar Republic of veterans returning from World War I, and the lingering resentment of those veterans toward the Republic, with the more meager support by Britain for its veterans and their loyalty to their state.
Rather than attributing these differences to the different outcomes of the war for the two countries, she credits Britain's encouragement of private philanthropy towards veterans for their happiness.
Her themes include the descent of popular tastes from the individuality of the Victorians into mass conformity, and (triggered by the 1895 libel and indecency trials of Oscar Wilde) a perceived linkage between aesthetic taste and homosexuality that led British men to retreat from home decor, leaving it to women.
Cohen studies the way that the balance between privacy and secrecy has been transformed by developments including the enforced openness of mid-19th-century divorce courts, the early 20th-century legalization of adoption and abortion, and the changing sizes and composition of family units.
He was once the editor of the Neo-Confederate Southern Partisan magazine although he later recanted the views he held while in that position.
During the 2013 South Carolina Law Enforcement Division probe into then South Carolina House Member Bobby Harrell's campaign violations, Solicitor David Pascoe found possible evidence that James Merrill (politician) and Rick Quinn Jr. had engaged in ethics violations while they served their respective terms as South Carolina House of Representatives Majority Leader.
Both Quinn's were implicated after Merrill told investigators that while Quinn Jr. was House Majority Leader, he had Republican caucus members use his family's print shop for campaign materials which investigators believed was a possible violation of the South Carolina Campaign Reform Act.
A broader investigation into these violations began after South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson recused himself from the investigation due to prior contact with members of Harrell's staff.
Quinn awaits trial for eleven counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice related to the 2013 investigation into state house corruption.
Skylar Mays (born September 5, 1997) is an American college basketball player for the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Mays grew up in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and attended the Louisiana State University Laboratory School, where he began playing on the varsity basketball team when he in eighth grade.
He was named first-team All-State in his sophomore and junior seasons as he helped lead the Cubs to back to back state championships.
Mays transferred to Findlay Prep in Henderson, Nevada before his senior year and averaged 10.9 points, 5.3 assists, 3.0 rebounds and 2.7 steals in his only season with the Pilots.
Rated a three-star recruit, Mays committed to play college basketball at Louisiana State during his sophomore year before re-opening his recruitment to other schools shortly before he transferred to Findlay.
Mays became the Tigers' starting point guard during his freshman year, averaging 8.3 points, 2.2 rebounds, 3.6 assists and 1.3 steals over 31 games (25 starts).
He averaged 13.4 points, 3.3 rebounds 2.1 assists and 1.9 steals per game as a junior and was named second team All-SEC and the conference's scholar-athlete of the year.
Mays was named preseason first team All-SEC and to the watchlists for the Jerry West and the Naismith Player of the Year awards.
Mays' best friend and LSU teammate, Wayde Sims, was killed by gunshot wound to the head and neck on September 28, 2018.
Taekwondo competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were held from 7 to 9 December 2019 at the Ninoy Aquino Stadium in Malate, Manila, Philippines.
The swimming competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Manila are being held at the New Clark City Aquatics Center from 4 to 9 December 2019.
Singapore once again proved to be a powerhouse in the swimming events, sweeping and equalling the number of Gold medals won in 2015 when Singapore hosted the SEA GAMES.
The house may no longer exist, because it seems difficult to identify any candidate matching the 1980 photo using Google Streetview imagery of 2018, along Washington Street.
The 1936 West Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia State College during the 1936 college football season.
Under head coach Adolph Hamblin, the team compiled a 7–0–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 110 to 12.
The men's regu sepak takraw competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok was held from 13 to 17 December at the Indoor Stadium Huamark.
Amychus manawatawhi, commonly known as the Three Kings click beetle, is a large flightless click beetle in the family Elateridae, found only on the Three Kings Islands of New Zealand.
This species was named and described by John Marris and Paul J. Johnson in 2010, based on a type specimen collected in 2006 at Lighthouse Bush on Great Island, Three Kings; the holotype was deposited in the Lincoln University Entomology Research Collection (LUNZ).
Click beetles are named for their ability to make an audible click when on their back to jump into the air.
Goff was born in Los Angeles, California, on June 20, 1931, to Samuel J. Goff and Elizabeth A. Wilhelm Goff and graduated from Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California, in June 1949, after which he attended Pepperdine College on its campus in Los Angeles.
He died on April 8, 2001, and was survived by his mother; a daughter, Margaret Elizabeth Goff, and a son, John Swafford Goff, all of Phoenix, Arizona.
In July 1957 Goff was appointed as an instructor in government and history at West Texas State College in Canyon, Texas.
In 1960, he next taught at Phoenix College, where he was head of the Social Sciences Department and director of the Paralegal Program.
He wrote books on Arizona history and the Abraham Lincoln family, and he edited the records of the Arizona Constitutional Convention of 1910.
Goff was a member of the State Bar of Arizona and the Arizona Academy and was a director of the Arizona Historical Foundation and the Central Arizona chapter of the Arizona Historical Association.
In 1985, Goff was chosen by the Illinois State Historical Library to have the first access to the twenty thousand letters which Robert Todd Lincoln wrote between 1860 and 1920 and which were discovered in 1982.
Goff said he would revise his already-printed book on the younger Lincoln and hoped to have the work completed in 1987.
According to the ADB, the Philippines has heavily relied on the ADB for development assistance, borrowing a total of $19.3 Billion in the last decade.
The Philippines has been commended by the ADB for being a fast-growing economy despite the increasing inflation and plummeting global economy.
Since its founding, the ADB has partnered with the government to provide ways to enhance different facets of the country by being heavily involved in the modernization and development initiatives in the Philippines.
This project was aimed mostly towards rural areas because it was believed to improve many aspects of rural economies such as it provides access to education, and healthcare.
After discovering that the Philippines' transportation condition is of poor quality, the ADB proposed the EDSA Greenways Project, which aims to improve commuter facilities for more efficient, comfortable, and safer pedestrian condition.
The ADB deemed this necessary because all water, air, and land transportation in the Philippines are outdated that most of the day, roads become unpassable, and congested due to the lack of other possible and effective Transportation infrastructures/methods.
The ADB is also reviving and creating railways in order to connect provinces to provide access to and from the cities.
The ADB’s current Local Governance Reform Program was created in order to provide quality service to local communities, and also promote the establishment of new businesses in different areas in the country.
In order to restore order after the 2017 urban war between the Philippine Armed Forces and ISIL, the ADB provided the Philippines emergency assistance in the form of loans and grants.
This monetary assistance covers the reconstruction and recovery of Marawi, its transportation system, health system, and the restoration of the province’s livelihood and education.
Born 1997 in Ajigasawa, Aomori, she started wrestling in first grade when she was six, inspired by her siblings' interest, and began competing and winning against boys.
She has competed in the Sumo World Championships in Taiwan as an amateur, but there is no current professional tournament anywhere that allows women.
This has been enforced to the point where two women had gotten in trouble for entering the ring to perform first aid on a man who had collapsed.
The 2019 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen as All-Big Ten Conference players for the 2019 Big Ten Conference football season.
The municipality is bordered by Mokrovousy to the north, Všestary to the north-west, Střezetice to the east southeast, and by Nechanice to the south and west.
Due to the FTZ Model, the DR has an open market economy that is free from tariffs, subsidies, licensing requirements, unions, and other regulations which has made trade with other countries easier, quicker, and cheaper.
The purpose of the World Bank is to provide long term financial and project planning assistance to any country that is struggling with extreme poverty.
They are the IBRD (The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), IDA (International Development Association), IFC (International Finance Corporation), MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency), and the ICSID (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes).
The World Bank has sent the Dominican Republic $230 million dollars (2016), $1 million (2017), $150 million (2018), and $180 million in 2019.
Government officials have abused the IMF by using them as a way to save the economy to cover up scandals of corruption.
Rural and underdeveloped areas of the Dominican Republic and cheap immigrant labor (usually from neighboring country, Haiti), provide most of the labor force behind the growing economy.
The DR exports 50% of their products to the U.S., and over 500 U.S companies manufacture products in the Dominican Republic.
The downside to the FTZ model is that it strongly depends on the global market and will not sustain itself in the long run.
The country still has high levels of poverty despite a growing economy because it continues to lack investing in human capital.
There continues to be tension with the Dominican people because much of this economic strength has come at the cost of depleting natural resources and heavily impacting the health of many Dominicans, especially those who work/live near mines.
In order to achieve economic prosperity, they must lower their dependency on the global market, prepare for natural disasters (infrastructure, emergency/medical personnel), improve human capital (investing in education), manage natural resources carefully (overmining & polluting water sources), and government officials must be held accountable for decisions they make that affect the Dominican population.
He was a major contributor on the team at Michael Hertz Associates that produced the 1978 redesign of the New York City Subway map.
He then worked as a graphic designer at Gilbert and Associates Advertising and at Michael Hertz Associates, where he had helped produce the redesigned New York City Subway map.
an adult Banded Rainbowfish can reach a stranded length of 15 cm -12 cm with a deep body usually exceeding 1/3 of their body length, like most Rainbowfish banded Rainbowfish vary in colour depending on where they were collected, but all variety's have a distinct dark mid-lateral band and bright red/yellow Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins.
The banded rainbowfish is an active shoaling fish, that typically occurs in the surface and mid-level areas of fresh water environments.
As seasonal spawners the banded rainbowfish breed intermittently throughout the year, males compete with one another for territory and female attention in contests where they compare body coloration and size buy swimming side by side whilst extending their fins too appear larger.
After mating females can produce between 200-500 eggs which they affix to vegetation using adhesive threads after which it leaves, the male will continue to guard their territory and by extension the eggs until they hatch 6–7 days later.
The banded rainbowfish lives in a wide variety of habitats, such as rivers, lagoons and slow moving streams and prefers areas with strong water flow, sandy substrate, dense sub surface vegetation and submerged logs and branches.
Banded rainbow fish are opportunistic omnivores, the bulk of their diet being arthropods such as aquatic insects, arachnids and crustaceans as well as algae and terrestrial insects that have drowned on the water surface such as green ants.
This discrepency is due to the original museum specimen described by Hialmar, which had its pattern altered by being preserved in spirits.
It may no longer exist, because Google Streeview survey of Washington St. using November 2018 imagery does not seem to turn it up.
The organization partners with child advocacy agencies, victim assistance groups and schools to raise awareness and provide education on child abuse as well as the anti-bullying movement.
Members also attend local events such as parades and celebrations, Comic-con and other organized events to raise awareness and obtain donations to assist children who have been – or are being – abused.
As well as visit local schools to help educate on abuse and bullying Members will typically attended court proceedings to support the victims.
The Rice all-time leading scorer (women or men) with 2,081 points... C-USA and Rice all-time leader in career double-doubles (67) ... C-USA and Rice all-time leader in rebounds (1,376) ... Only player in C-USA history to be named to both the First-Team All-Conference and the All-Defensive Team all four seasons ... One of just 145 players in NCAA Div.
Joined Middle Tennessee's Ebony Rowe as the only players to have averaged a double double in each of their four seasons ...
Became the quickest Rice player to reach 1,000 career points (two seasons and two games), the eighth to reach the milestone as the junior and the 18th Rice player overall to reach 1,000 points ... Rice record holder for career field goals made (745) and career made free throws (550).
In 2014, Kuster travelled to Europe to begin her professional career, signing with CSU Alba Iulia in the Liga Națională in Romania.
Pérez played college tennis for Louisiana State University (LSU) and won two Southeastern Conference singles championships, the first in 1983 and the second as a senior in 1986.
During his collegiate career he also represented Mexico in international competition, including the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, where he was runner-up to American Greg Holmes in the singles event.
In 1986 he teamed up with Leonardo Lavalle for a Davis Cup doubles win over Boris Becker (and Andreas Maurer), which helped Mexico secure a place in the World Group quarter-finals.
In the late 1980s, Pérez competed briefly on the professional tour, reaching a best singles ranking of 356 in the world.
As a doubles player he was a semi-finalist at the 1989 WCT Tournament of Champions in Forest Hills and reached three finals on the Challenger circuit.
Pérez, who met his wife Beth while at LSU, returned to Mexico after college but since the 1990s has lived in the United States.
The 2019–20 Austin Peay Governors basketball team represent Austin Peay State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Governors, led by 3rd-year head coach Matt Figger, play their home games at the Dunn Center in Clarksville, Tennessee as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.
Joseph Bizinger was born in Australia on 28 September 1994, the son of a Japanese mother and an Australian father of Hungarian and German descent.
He went to an international school in Sydney for some time during elementary school, but his parents moved him to the public school system after being dissatisfied with the quality of education it was providing, but he still attended a Japanese school on Saturdays to keep learning the language.
In high school, Bizinger was the only student of Asian descent in his class, so he was asked by his peers if he knew about anime as the genre began to grow in popularity.
He kept making the reviews even after the project ended, but he continued to post the reviews up until when he went to Sydney University.
While studying there, he started to make some YouTube videos to be posted on his website, but eventually decided to switch entirely to the platform.
After graduating from Sydney University in 2016, Bizinger moved to Japan where he had originally planned to work in information technology, but by then his YouTube channel had grown successful enough that he could work on it full time.
The 1936 Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented Virginia State College as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1936 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Harry R. Jefferson, the team compiled a 9–0–2 record (7–0–2 against CIAA opponents), won the CIAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 164 to 46.
is a live album by keyboardist Lonnie Liston Smith, featuring performances recorded in Brooklyn in 1977 and released by the RCA Victor label.
Miss Leslie's Dolls is a 1972 American horror film directed by Joseph J. Prieto and starring Salvador Ugarte and Terri Juston.
Its plot follows four people who seek refuge in the home of an insane transsexual who collects the corpses of women.
The film was released in late 1972 and was subsequently thought to be a lost film, having never received a home media release.
Leslie spends her time studying the occult, grave robbing, and collecting the corpses of biological women, whose bodies she aspires to possess.
Late one night, young professor Alma Frost, along with three of her students, Lily, Martha, and Roy, are forced to stop their drive back to Boston due to a torrential downpour.
Leslie is visibly disturbed by Martha, whom she says resembles a woman who worked in her mother's doll factory, also named Martha, who died two decades prior in a fire; the fire also claimed the life of Leslie's mother.
In a room in the basement, Roy finds a small stage with what appears to be multiple lifelike female mannequins posed around a goblet of fire.
Leslie enters the room with Alma, and explains that the room is a place of worship for her own self-constructed religion.
As the group retire for the night, Martha and Roy begin to have sex to the chagrin of Lily, who is sharing a room with Alma.
Meanwhile, Alma has a nightmare in which she is chained in Leslie's altar room, and the mannequins come to life and torment her.
Leslie confronts Alma, and in a struggle, Alma removes a prosthetic mask, revealing Leslie is in fact a man with severe burn scars.
The film was issued for the first time in home media format on Blu-ray by the British distributor Network in 2018.
Kira Aundrea Lewis Jr. (born April 6, 2001) is an American college basketball player for the Alabama Crimson Tide of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
As a junior, he averaged 28.5 points, 5.9 rebounds, 4.5 assists, and 3.9 steals per game and led his team to the Alabama Class 6A semifinals.
Lewis earned first-team All-State honors for his second consecutive season, was a finalist for Alabama Mr. Basketball, and was named Huntsville Region Player of the Year and Alabama Class 6A Player of the Year.
In his freshman season with Alabama, Lewis, at age 17, was the second-youngest player in NCAA Division I basketball behind Everett Perrot of Pepperdine and was the youngest player to appear in a game.
The following game, he had 21 points against Appalachian State and followed that up with a season-high 24 points against Wichita State.
Friedrich Christian Freiherr von Plettenberg-Lenhausen (August 8, 1644 – May 5, 1706) was from 1688 until his death prince bishop of Münster.
Through his foreign policy, which relied on different alliance partners, he succeeded in giving the Hochstift Münster a semi-independent role for the last time during the Palatinate Succession War.
Since the foreign funds were not sufficient, he took without the approval of the estates, loans of 100,000 Reichstalern to bring the army to a strength of 6000 men.
Shortly after the death of the bishop in 1706, the army consisted of a bodyguard of 126 infantrymen and 70 cavalrymen.
The main force consisted of seven infantry regiments with a combined total of about 3,000 men, two cavalry regiments with 660 men and an artillery division.
After the Imperial War against Louis XIV was declared in 1689, he participated in pressure from the Holy Roman Emperor on the war against France.
Troops from Munster and Brandenburg arrived too late in the theatre of war, which contributed to the defeat of the allies in the Battle of Fleurus.
Striking is the large clock dial, which serves not only as a symbol of transience but also purely practical as a time display.
Kim So-ra (; born 18 July 1998) is a South Korean handball player for Korea National Sport University and the South Korean national team.
Moon Su-hyeon (; born 25 March 1998) is a South Korean handball player for Korea National Sport University and the South Korean national team.
Kim Su-yeon (; born 2 June 1998) is a South Korean handball player for Korea National Sport University and the South Korean national team.
In 1989, Vassallo sold his bottled water operation to Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Bottling Co., the local Pepsi bottler in the island.
At the time, Pepsi was preparing to introduce its own bottled water brand, Aquafina, to the market, so it put the Cristalia division up for sale.
The company started in Ponce, then expanded in 2009 to Carolina, Puerto Rico, then (in 2019) moved the Carolina location to a 45-cuerdas facility in Las Piedras, Puerto Rico.
The Institute’s mission is to safeguard Taiwan's democracy and prosperity by strengthening mutual understanding and advancing common interests in the global and Taiwanese defense and security community.
The institute is operated under the auspices of the government and the Legislative Yuan and has a NT$125 million (US$4.2 million) annual budget.
The Institute for National Defense and Security Research was inaugurated in May 2018 by Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, former minister of national defense Feng Shih-kuan and representatives from government, industry, academia, and civil society.
It was founded in 2011 and was compiled and published by the Office of Defense Studies, Ministry of National Defense until it was transferred to INDSR in 2018.
The Defense Security Weekly(國防安全週報) is a weekly newsletter offering longer-form analysis by INDSR experts about news, security issues and trends of the preceding week.
Halvor Langdon Halvorson (July 15, 1881 - October 3, 1951) was an American politician and attorney who served as the mayor of Minot, North Dakota and later became a perennial candidate in North Dakota's congressional elections.
In 1902 he graduated from the Unviersity of North Dakota with a law degree and in 1908 moved to Minot, North Dakota.
In 1910 he ran for state treasurer against incumbent Republican Gunder Olson and in September was named as vice chairman of the state Democratic party, but was defeated.
Following the resignation of former Commission President Arthur LeSueur on May 17, 1911 a special election was held on June 6 in which Halvorson narrowly defeated Dorr H. Carroll and Peter Vandenoever with 232 votes against 196 and 94 votes.
In 1912, 1914, and 1918 Halvorson ran for North Dakota's third House district, but lost each time with his best showing being 31.16%.
In 1916 Halvorson attempted to win the Democratic nomination for governor, but was defeated by D. H. McArthur who went on to lose in a landslide to Lynn Frazier.
In 1924 he narrowly defeated L. S. Platon for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination with 6,020 votes to 5,244 votes and was narrowly defeated by Arthur G. Sorlie with 53.93% to 46.07% of the vote.
In 1940 he won the Democratic nomination for attorney general and was narrowly defeated by incumbent Alvin C. Strutz with 52.19% to 47.81% of the vote.
In 1942 and 1944 he ran for North Dakota's at-large congressional district, but was defeated both times although he was the best performing Democrat both times.
In 1949 he was one of the attorneys who advised the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians in their $24,000,000 claim against the federal government.
On October 3, 1951 he died in a Minot hospital after being there since June 26 due to pneumonia and a heart condition.
During his long career, film director Robert Rodriguez has worked on a number of projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his direction.
Both he and Allred have given numerous signals as to the start of production over the years, but with no result.
In 2009, 20th Century Fox studio executive, Alex Young, called Rodriguez to consider using his treatment to revive the individual Predator franchise.
It was originally thought that Rodriguez would direct, but on July 1, 2009, Nimród Antal was officially signed on to direct.
In 2008, Rodriguez and his production company Troublemaker Studios were working on a version that would have starred Rose McGowan as the titular character.
In June 2014, Fox announced plans for a new movie, with Shane Black co-writing and directing, Fred Dekker co-writing and John Davis producing (without the involvement of Rodriguez).
In November 2016, it was explained that since the plot takes place on Earth, the story will be more closely linked to the first two films.
By December 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment acquired the rights to make the remake, with Rodriguez still attached to direct the film.
On March 11, 2014, with the formation of his very own television network, El Rey, Rodriguez considered switching gears and bringing it to TV.
In July 2016, Forbes reported that the film would start a franchise with Rodriguez and Rossio's script and will be directed by either Joe Cornish, Justin Lin or Scott Derrickson.
The site reported that the studio was considering actors Idris Elba, Bradley Cooper and Will Smith for the role of Race Bannon.
The casting of Edward Norton in a non-speaking role as Nova in this film was intended to be a setup for the sequel.
In July 2019, Salazar urged fans to buy the film on physical media and expressed her hope that a sequel would be made.
Carolyn Beebe (September 30, 1873 – September 24, 1950) was an American pianist, founder of the New York Chamber Music Society in 1915.
She was a piano student of musician Joseph Mosenthal, and from 1903 to 1905 studied in Europe with German composer Moritz Moszkowski.
Beebe performed as a pianist in Berlin, Paris, and Hamburg as a young woman, and had a busy schedule of appearances in the United States.
She played recital in a duo with Belgian violinist Édouard Dethier, and chamber music with the Kneisel Quartet and other groups.
She was the only woman musician to play at the Society's first concert, at Aeolian Hall in December 1915, and still the only woman in the group's eleven-member roster in 1917 and in 1922.
The Society gave first performances of dozens of new compositions, featuring works by Deems Taylor, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Henry Holden Huss, and Ethel Leginska.
She served on the board of the National Orchestral Association from 1930, and on the board of the National Association of American Composers and Conductors from 1933.
Thus, Mali has relationships with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporations (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
In 2019, the IBRD and IDA committed to lending 500 million US dollars to projects in Mali, a large jump from 2018, where only US$178 million was lent.
The bank group is currently involved in 30 projects in the region.These projects focused on areas such as mining, cotton, climate change, good governance, and health.
Since 2013, the World Bank Group has worked alongside their UN mission counterpart, MINUSMA (U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali) to create stability and growth in the region.
Consequently, since this time the World Bank has funded projects to increase foreign investors in this sector.The IDA has funded structural and good governance projects for the mines, including a recent US$40 million in June 2019.
However, there are many cases in which the World Bank has gotten involved directly in environmental projects — especially in the realm of deforestation and mitigation of climate change.
Two Forestry Projects — one from 1979-1985 and one from 1986-1992 — were funded US$4.5 million and US$6.3 million respectively by the IDA and IBRD.
From 1993-2001, the National Agricultural Research Project was formed to connect agriculture research and technology to local farmers to mitigate agricultural output with declining natural resources.
In 2014, US$63 million was given to improve transparency, public sector spending, and accountability in the government.Additionally, in the same year, the World Bank pushed Mali’s government to fire the ministers of defense, finance and investment, who were all involved in a corruption scandal.
The constituency holds 3.74% of the total votes in MIGA, 4.26% of the total votes in the IDA, 1.33% of the total votes in the IFC, and 2.03% of the total votes in the IBRD.
He is the father of R. Radhakrishnan who as a legislator of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly and MP of Lok Sabha.
Madame Butterfly is a 1995 musical film written and directed by Frédéric Mitterrand and produced by Daniel Toscan du Plantier and Pierre-Olivier Bardet.
Soprano Ying Huang, tenor Richard Troxell, mezzo-soprano Ning Liang, and bass-baritone Richard Cowan star in the film, in addition to singing their roles.
The film was an international co-production, with the involvement of France 3, Canal+, the British Broadcasting Company, Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, Sianel Pedwar Cymru, France Telecom, and Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée.
The film was released by Les Films du Losange in France on November 22, 1995, and by Sony Pictures Classics in the United States on May 23, 1996.
Otto Lugger (16 September 1844 – 21 May 1901) was a Prussian-born American entomologist and botanist who served as the State Entomologist of the U.S. State of Minnesota.
Along with his parents, the family moved to the United States in 1864, and Lugger found work as an engineer in the army.
While working on surveys around the Great Lakes, he also began to collect insect specimens and came to know C.V. Riley.
He helped produce nine annual reports before 1875 when he married Lina Krokmann and moved to Baltimore to become curator of the collections of the Maryland Academy of Sciences.
He was appointed entomologist and botanist at the Minnesota Station in 1888 and later became a state entomologist, a position he held until his death from pneumonia.
Some of his work was on the control of chinch bugs using fungi, the spores of which he attempted to propagate, and investigations on locusts in the Rocky Mountains.
Victoria Social Association (; HKVSA) is a local political group based in Central and Western District and Wan Chai District, the former area of the Victoria City founded in April 2016.
In the 2019 District Council election, four members of the association ran in the election, while only two of them ran under the banner of VSA.
Chow himself ran as a substitute candidate for independent Fergus Leung Fong-wai in case Leung was disqualified from running in Kwun Lung.
While Fung was successfully elected, Li Wing-choi who represented the association won a seat in Victoria Park, as well as two members who ran as independents, Pang Ka-ho and Ho Chi-wang won in Sai Wan and Water Street respectively.
The 2019–20 Southeast Missouri State Redhawks men's basketball team represent Southeast Missouri State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Redhawks, led by 5th-year head coach Rick Ray, play their home games at the Show Me Center in Cape Girardeau, Missouri as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.
Blackstonia is a genus of flowering plants of the family Gentianaceae, native to Europe and to nearby regions of Asia and Africa.
Dr. Charles Daniel Marivate (July 11, 1924 – December 4, 2019) was a South African Medical Doctor who was active in the Ga-Rankuwa and Valdezia areas .
He is known as the first Medical practitioner in Ga-Rankuwa, serving surrounding areas, at a time where there were no medical services by the then Apartheid government.
He was also part of the first class (pioneer class) of black medical students at the Durban medical school, University of Natal.
For his service to the medical profession, he received an honorary doctorate from the Medical University of South Africa, where he had been a part-time lecturer and chair of council as well.
He was part of the first black medical students at Durban Medical School (Pioneer Class) at the then University of Natal, enrolling in 1952 and graduating with a medical degree in 1958.
He obtained the M Prax Med post Graduate degree of Family Medicine, in 1986, at the Medical University of South Africa whilst working as a part-time lecturer there.
He was the first medical practitioner in Ga-Rankuwa and the surrounding areas, he set up the first medical service in the township and surrounding areas .
During this time in Ga-Rankuwa, Dr CD Marivate established a group practice with the late Dr Russell Marivate, DR BZ Nkomo, DR KP Malelane and the late DR George Mukhari amongst others.
He continued to work as a medical practitioner in his home village Valdezia from 1990 until 2013 when he permanently retired from medicine.
Jayeshbhai Jordaar is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language comedy film starring Ranveer Singh in the lead role with South actress Shalini Pandey making her Hindi debut.
Lord Vere Bertie (c.1712 – 13 September 1768) was a British politician, a younger son of the Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven who represented Boston, Lincolnshire in Parliament from 1741 to 1754.
Bertie was the third son of Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, and the first son by his second marriage to Albinia Farrington.
He was educated at Westminster School from 1724 to 1728, and was commissioned an ensign in the 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards in 1729, leaving the Army by 1740.
He voted with the Carteret ministry to support the Hanoverian army in 1742, but defected from them on the same question in January 1744.
He did not vote in the 1746 division on the Hanoverian subsidies, but after the 1747 election, when he was returned again after a contest, was considered to have gone into opposition to the Pelham ministry.
Jack became a lecturer in the History department at the University of Sydney in 1961, senior lecturer in 1965, associate professor in 1970, Dean of the Faculty of Arts for two consecutive terms from 1974–77, and was Head of the Department of History between 1979 and 1982, and 1992 to 1995.
In 1974, Jack co-founded the discipline of Historical Archaeology at the University of Sydney with Judy Birmingham and introduction of the first undergraduate subject in that area.
Although their course proposal was opposed by conservative members of the archaeology department, it was ultimately accepted and became the first course in historical archaeology in Australia.
Jack had a long association with St Andrew’s College at the University of Sydney, being appointed Wilson Fellow in 1979, holding positions including Senior Tutor,Hunter Baillie Fellow in Oriental and Polynesian Languages, Senior Fellow, Woodhouse Fellowship, President of the Senior Common Room, College Archivist and Librarian.
He was a member of the NSW Heritage Council and joined the committee of the Blue Mountains Association of Cultural Heritage Organisations in 2006, as an inaugural member, later becoming vice-president, and president.
Jack has published extensively in the areas of heritage, local history and historical archaeology from Medieval Wales to the Hawkesbury and Nepean Valley.
When he was 18, he was involved in a motorcycle accident which impaired his left leg joints and left hand fingers.
The men's doubles competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 4 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
Boulifa was born around 1865 in Adni village in the Irjen tribe, within the Berber tribal confederation of At Iraten in Greater Kabylia.
Si Moula, his maternal uncle, thus sent him to the very first school opened in Kabylie in 1875, for which the candidates were then rare.
This combination of circumstances will be decisive for the rest of his life since he quickly committed to the career of teacher, the only way of promotion that could then be offered to a young Kabyle of modest origin.
He was mainly interested in the language, but he has also been actively studying the literature and history of his home region.
And he took his pedagogical function very seriously as he developed the first complete teaching method of Kabyle, founded, several decades in advance, on the principles of the direct language pedagogy.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Mordovia Saransk on 12 October 2019 in a game against FC Khimki.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Nizhny Novgorod on 12 October 2019 in a game against FC Rotor Volgograd.
Odette Grzegrzulka (1 March 1947 – 30 November 2019) was a French politician who served as deputy, representing Aisne's 2nd constituency.
She came first in the first round with 28.63% of the vote, ahead of outgoing deputy and chairman of the regional council Charles Baur at 27.84%.
In the 2002 French legislative election, Grzegrzulka ran against Bertrand in the second round after Bertram received 43.13% and she received 26.91% of the votes.
She returned to the Ministry of Culture after her defeat, and was then assigned to the Embassy of France in Moldova in 2009.
The 2020 Kansas Jayhawks football team will represent the University of Kansas in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
Scott Michael Peoples (born September 5, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars of the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Spartak-2 Moscow on 13 November 2019 in a game against FC Armavir.
Jim Gasteen (1922–2017) was an Australian farmer and conservationist, responsible for the establishment of a number of National Parks in Queensland and New South Wales.
He worked to protect remnant patches of Central Queensland scrub but also surveyed land from the Gulf of Carpentaria in Queenland's north to the Scenic Rim on the Queensland/New South Wales border.
His survey work or reports led to the establishment of Expedition National Park, Nuga Nuga National Park, New England National Park, Northern Rivers National Park and Border Ranges National Park.
The 2019–20 Jacksonville State Gamecocks men's basketball team represent Jacksonville State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Gamecocks, led by 4th-year head coach Ray Harper, play their home games at the Pete Mathews Coliseum in Jacksonville, Alabama as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Tom Tomsk on 3 November 2019 in a game against FC Luch Vladivostok.
Judo competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were held at the Laus Group Event Center from 4 to 7 December 2019.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Tom Tomsk on 3 November 2019 in a game against FC Luch Vladivostok.
The 24th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year's outstanding performers, films and television shows, presented by the International Press Academy.
The Southern Ohio Museum was built as the Security Savings Bank & Trust Company in 1918 by shoe manufacturer George D. Selby.
In 1978, after the bank had moved to a new location, the company became the trustees of an artistic bequest from Dr. Russell Leiter (developer of the Leiter International Performance Scale).
This inspired the company to donate its old building as a home for a new museum, with Leiter's bequest as its first permanent collection.
The museum was initially funded by a $100,000 donation from Edmund J. Kricker, the chief executive officer at the First Federal Savings and Loan Association.
Qatar T-10 Cricket League is a T-10 franchise cricket league, a form of cricket similar to Twenty20 cricket but played over only 10 overs per side.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk on 5 October 2019 in a game against FC Nizhny Novgorod.
Andrew Peeke (born March 17, 1998) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Peeke played junior hockey with the Green Bay Gamblers of the United States Hockey League (USHL) before committing to a collegiate career with the University of Notre Dame in the Big Ten Conference (B1G).
Following his junior season with Notre Dame, Peeke was signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets on April 1, 2019.
The opening ceremony of the 2015 Southeast Asian Games was held on Friday, 5 June 2015, beginning at 20:15 SST () at the National Stadium in Singapore, the first major opening ceremony for a sporting event in the new venue.
Given the enclosed nature of the stadium, extensive use of an aerial system to allow suspension and movement of performers and props are possible.
The time 20:15 was chosen to start the opening ceremony to mark the year 2015, the year which Singapore hosted the 28th Southeast Asian Games.
The ceremony begins with the band orchestra performance and historical lookout of previously hosted Singapore Southeast Asian Games and footage of people lineup distance countdown to Singapore National Stadium followed by arrival of the VIPs, Singapore's President, Tony Tan, and Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong.
The National Anthem of Singapore is played first as the national flag of Singapore was raised, followed by countdown video projection.
The volunteers from Singapore Soka Association performance forming the map of Singapore with nature theme, showcasing Singapore as a Garden City with plants and animals.
This is accompanied by the traditional dances of Singapore's main races: Malay, Indian, Chinese and Eurasian and fireworks erupted around the stadium.
Nila, the mascot apparently leaped down in the stadium with a hanging parachute after the video footage of the mascot to the tune of I Got You (I Feel Good) by the late former American singer James Brown.
As per Southeast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF) protocol, parade of athletes from all 11 competing nations started with Brunei leading the field in English alphabetical order and ended with the host nation, Singapore entering the stadium last.
This was followed by parade of the Southeast Asian Games Federation flag and the games edition flag by former and current Singaporean sportsmen and sportswomen respectively, the late Lee Kuan Yew footage about the 2015 Southeast Asian Games, welcoming speech of Lawrence Wong, and declaration of games opening by Tony Tan Keng Yam, President of Singapore.
The former athletes that carry the federation flag are K. Jayamani of athletics, David Lim of swimming, Lee Wung Yew of shooting, Wong Liang Ming of taekwondo, Zainal Abidin of squash, Adelene Wee of bowling, Tao Yi Jun of wushu and Yip Ren Kai of water polo.
Whereas the current athletes that carry the Games flag are Geraldine Lee of canoeing, Shayna Ng of bowling, Chelsea Ann Sim of taekwondo, Dipna Lim Prasad of athletics, Eugene Teo of water polo, Muhammad Nur Alfian of silat, Daniel Marc Chow of rugby and Ridhwan Ahmad of boxing.
These are followed by a 40-minute show of 5 acts or segments, which are mass performances performed by students all over Singapore, volunteers from Singapore Soka Association and notable Singapore celebrities such as rapper Shigga Shay, HubbaBubbas band, violinists Joey Lau and Siow Lee Chin, guitarist Bani Hidir, vocal group Vocaluptuous, singer Daphne Khoo and The Sam Willows.
Act One told the story of DNA as a thing that makes human different and understand each other, Act two told the story of how children use their dream to imagine, Act three told the story of how Youths use dream to express themselves, Act four told the story of how family support become an inspiration for athletes and coaches to achieve success in sports.
While Act 5, the conclusion told the story of how Singaporean athletes welcome, make friends and unite with the athletes other country of Southeast Asia regardless of language, race and belief.
Soon after the last act, the torch of the Games was carried into the stadium from a dragon boat across the Kallang basin by several Singapore's former and current generation of sportsmen and sportswomen.
The current sportspeople are Clement Teo of Dragon Boat, Liang Xiaoyu of Badminton, Muhammad Naqib Asmin of Athletics, Gabriel Yang of Judo, Dinah Chan of Cycling, Enrico Marican of Hockey, Shanti Pereira of Athletics, Derek Wong Zi Liang of Badminton, while the former sportspeople are Annabel Pennefather of Hockey, Prema Govindran of Athletics and Wong Shoon Keat of Badminton.
It is made of stainless steel, 19.2-metre-high and has a LED screen on it that displays information such as the time and weather during the Games.
It also has a burner that able to project a 1.5m- to 4m-high flame and 11 bars within the structure that represent the different countries participating at the Games.
In 2004 it has been described as the biggest Polish textbook publisher, and in 2019, as one of Poland's two market leaders in the Polish school textbooks market, with the other main leader being the .
WSiP traces its history to 9 April 1945, when the Polish Ministry of Education established the National Organization of School Publications (Państwowe Zakłady Wydawnictw Szkolnych, PZWS).
During the communist era, it had the state monopoly on publishing school textbooks, and like all other publishers, its works were subject to censorship.
In 1998 the company begun to be privatized, and in 2004 it debuted at the Warsaw Stock Exchange and it remained listed there until 2010 when it was converted into a Polish limited liability company (sp.
The company is known for publishing textbooks for Polish educational institutions, from elementary schools to university level, as well as scholarly books in the fields such as psychology and pedagogy.
He is noted for inventing the Binishell, which is a reinforced thin concrete shell structure that can be lifted and shaped by air pressure.
During this period, Bini struggled with several problems, which included the uneven distribution of the wet concrete due to asymmetric inflation.
By 1967, improvements were made and Bini demonstrated the prototype - a 12-meter dome constructed in a span of few hours - at the Columbia University in New York.
From 1970 to 1990, Bini constructed thousands of Binishells around the world, serving different purposes such as homes, schools, sports facilities, and industrial storage units.
One of the most notable of these was the Space City Shopping Center in Queensland, which is the world's biggest structure composed of intersecting Binishells.
Other Binishells constructed include the Cupola built for Michelangelo Antonioni and Monica Vitti as well as the Binishells built for the Fuji Pavilion during the 1970 Expo at Osaka.
The Binishell technology is also considered a potential solution to housing problems for displaced people, refugees, and evacuees, particularly in areas consistently damaged by disasters.
It uses prefabricated structural components, which is a combination of eight structural or building materials (four for walls and four for roofs) such as wood, concrete, steel, reinforced clay, durock, sheetrock, concrete, bricks, and bamboo.
Bini, together with architect David Dimitric, also designed Shimizu Corporation's Mega-City Pyramid project, a proposed vertical city over Tokyo Bay built by robots.
The architect has participated in initiatives advancing shell-concrete technology such the colloquium at the University of Stuttgart which focused on air and pneumatic structures.
Mount Cook is a mountain located in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in northwestern Garibaldi Provincial Park of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
It is situated above the north shore of Wedgemount Lake, northeast of Whistler, and its nearest higher peak is Mount Weart, to the southeast.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cook is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Sydney Fancourt McDonald was born in Brisbane, Queensland on November 18, 1885, the son of a Scottish surveyor George McDonald and his wife Amelia.
He won a scholarship to attend the University of Melbourne where he studied medicine taking his MB in 1909, BS in 1910 and MD in 1913.
He was appointed to Queen's Memorial Infectious Disease and Alfred Hospitals and was assistant senior resident surgeon at the Children's Hospital from 1912-1914.
He travelled to England in 1914 to take up postgraduate study and was a resident medical officer at Queen Charlotte's Hospital.
He enlisted with the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1914 while he was in England and was posted to the 4th (British) General Hospital at Versailles, France.
He served as an anaesthetist and radiographer at the hospital, and later the 33rd and 51st casualty clearing stations and 46th stationary hospital.
McDonald returned to Australia in 1920, taking up a position at the Repatriation Hospital in Lutwyche assisting ex-servicemen and an honorary position at the Children's Hospital in Brisbane specialising in childhood diseases and disorders.
He lobbied to have lead paint removed from use in homes and backyards due to the poison risk it created for children.
In 1927, McDonald encouraged other physicians to set up practice in Craigston, an apartment building in Brisbane which combined consultation spaces with private apartments.
He was a licensed pilot and was able to give advice on pilot fatigue and aviation issues in a medical capacity.
France's unemployment rate increased to 8.60 % in September 2019, from the previously reported number of 8.50 % in June of the same year.
RISAT-2B, or Radar Imaging Satellite 2B is an Indian radar reconnaissance satellite that is part of India's RISAT programme and the third satellite in the series.
It was successfully launched aboard a PSLV C46 rocket at 00:00 GMT on May 21, 2019 from the First Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
RISAT-2B's main sensor is an indigenously developed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging satellite operating in X Band with 3.6 m radial rib antenna.
The Satellite will be utilized for high resolution spot imaging of locations of interest and it has a mass of 615 kilograms (1355 lb).
It can operate in different modes including Very High Resolution RADAR imaging modes of 1 m × 0.5 m resolution and 0.5 m × 0.3 m resolution.
Pollono is active in the Los Angeles theater scene; he is one of the playwrights-in-residence at Rogue Machine Theatre and a part of The Temblors playwriting collective.
The play was first staged at Theatre/Theater in Los Angeles and was very successful, later transferring to the Beverly Hills Playhouse.
A year-and-a-half later, the play was produced by MCC Theatre in New York City and premiered at the off-Broadway Lucille Lortel Theatre.
In February 2019, it was announced that Pollano was writing a screenplay based on the life of Hulk Hogan for Netflix.
Pollono is married to stage actress and founding member of Rogue Machine Theatre Jennifer Pollono; they have two children together, including actress Sophie Pollono.
Andrew Kirtzman is a political consultant who founded Kirtzman Strategies, a public affairs communications firm, after a career as a print and television political journalist and author.
In 2013, he joined the administration of then New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg as senior adviser to then School Chancellor Dennis Walcott, overseeing communications and government relations for the nation's largest school district.
At the end of Bloomberg's term, he became a vice president at Global Strategy Group, a national political consulting firm, before opening Kirtzman Strategies.
Kirtzman served as political reporter and anchor for six years at WCBS-TV (CBS 2) in New York City until April 2008.
Kirtzman was with Giuliani on the morning of September 11, 2001 and chronicled his experience with the mayor in the paperback version of his book.
The movie features Shane Nigam in the lead role, along with Himika Bose, Joju George, Soubin Shahir, Vinayakan, Alencier, Captain Raju and Dharmajan Bolgatty in other pivotal roles.
The movie which features Shane Nigam in a retro avatar is all about the world living in a harbor town, their love for each other and their festival of sacrifices.
At a budget of eight crore rupees, the project is bankrolled by Anwar Rasheed under the banner of Magic Mountain Cinemas.
André Daguin (20 September 1935 – 3 December 2019) was a French chef who owned, cooked, and ran the kitchen at Hôtel de France in Auch, which he inherited from his parents, before selling it to Roland Garreau in 1997.
Daguin served as President of Union des métiers de l'industrie hôtelière (UMIH), which is a union of professional restauranteurs in France.
Bhushna is a village in the jurisdiction of the Diamond Harbour police station in the Diamond Harbour II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the western part, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5-6 metres above sea level.
Archaeological excavations at Deulpota and Harinarayanpur, on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.
According to 2011 Census of India, Bhushna had a total population of 4,147, of which 2,118 (51%) were males and 2,029 (49%) were females.
His family wanted him to pursue a career in commerce, but he chose to go against their wishes and become an artist.
At first, he focused on still-lifes, but expanded into portraits and genre scenes, generally lit by candles or lamps; a style that was very popular for a time.
It is used as a long chain alkylating agent to improve the lipophilicity and hydrophobicity of organic molecules for biological applications.
Yakshas seem to have been the object of an important cult in the early periods of Indian history, many of them being known such as Kubera, king of the Yakshas, Manibhadra or Mudgarpani.
The Yakshas are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness, and were the object of popular worship.
Some of the earliest works of art of the Mathura school of art are the Yakshas, monumental sculptures of earth divinities that have been dated to the 2nd-1st century BCE.
Yakshas became the focus of the creation of colossal cultic images, typically around 2 meters or more in height, which are considered as probably the first Indian anthropomorphic productions in stone.
Although few ancient Yaksha statues remain in good condition, the vigor of the style has been applauded, and expresses essentially Indian qualities.
The inscription in Brahmi script on the base of the statue is in very bad condition, but has been partly deciphered.
It is often suggested that the style of the colossal Yaksha statuary had an important influence on the creation of later divine images and human figures in India.
The female equivalent of the Yashas were the Yashinis, often associated with trees and children, and whose voluptuous figures became omnipresent in Indian art.
Some Hellenistic influence, such as the geometrical folds of the drapery or the walking stance of the statues, has been suggested.
In the production of colossal Yaksha statues carved in the round, which can be found in several locations in northern India, the art of Mathura is considered as the most advanced in quality and quantity during this period.
Port of Meeruse (port code EE MRS, ) is a seaport situated on the southwestern coast of Kopli, Tallinn, Estonia, located in eastern area of Kopli Bay.
The song debuted at number 39 in France during the week of 20 September 1986, climbing to number 17 four weeks later.
She is one of the initiators and leaders of the Tax Code Maidan, a leading economic expert of the Reanimation Package of Reforms, and a lawyer.
Her father is Petro Polishchuk, Honored Transport Worker of Ukraine, an entrepreneur in the field of passenger transportation, co-founder of Ukrtrans-Chernivtsi.
From March 2005 to July 2005 she served as Secretary of the Council of Importers under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
From July 2005 to July 2006 she was Deputy Chair of the Council on Foreign Economic Activity attached to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
She served as Chairperson of the Council of Entrepreneurs under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from June 11, 2008 to May 17, 2010.
The Council began including not only representatives of Ukrainian associations but also representatives of public councils under central executive authorities and regional councils of entrepreneurs.
During this period, the Council focused its activity on deregulation issues, creating conditions for entrepreneurship, promoting the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
In 2010, following the appointment of Prime Minister Mykola Azarov, the Cabinet of Ministers canceled the election of the Chairperson of the Council of Entrepreneurs under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine establishing the administrative procedure for appointing the Chairman and members of the Council relieving Oksana Prodan of her duties.
She was Chairwoman of the Committee for the Protection of Entrepreneurs under the Opposition Government from May 27, 2010 to December 2011.
After the Parliament passed the Tax Code proposed by the Cabinet, which destroyed the simplified taxation system, Oksana Prodan was one of the initiators of mass protests of entrepreneurs and joined the National Coordination Council of Entrepreneurs of the Tax Code Maidan.
In the 7th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Prodan became a member of the Committee on Tax and Customs Policy holding the position of first deputy.
The privileges of deputies were discontinued with her support, the utilization fee and excise tax for car customization were abolished, European food production rules were adopted, which protect villagers from officials, ensure product quality and create opportunities for export to the EU.
Following the signing of the political agreement between the UDAR and Solidarity parties, Oksana Prodan ran for parliament as the candidate of Petro Poroshenko Bloc (No.
Since 2015, Oksana Prodan has been the representative of the Chairperson of the Association of Ukrainian Cities Vitaly Klitschko in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
In the 8th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Prodan became a member of the Committee on Tax and Customs Policy where she continued to deal with the issues on legislative support for economic reforms.
Despite the support of Prodan's candidacy by a considerable number of experts and public figures, Roman Nasirov was elected Head of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine.
The organization of the competition provoked many complaints, and Oksana Prodan herself accused Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk of unwillingness to change the existing corruption and punitive model of the SFS.
During her work in the 8th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Prodan initiated 144 bills, 29 laws were adopted.
The public association OPORA added Oksana Prodan to the list of five most efficient MPs by the number of bills passed [https://promin.cv.ua/2016/06/15/oksana-prodan-naiefektyvnishyi-deputat-verkhovnoi-rady.html [13<nowiki>]</nowiki>].
Louis G. Jacobs obtained the construction permit for a new 5,000-watt radio station to serve Miami and South Miami in 1958, selecting the call letters WFAB for the new station.
In 1959, the construction permit was sold to WFAB, Inc., in a sale of 60 percent of the station from Louis G. Jacobs to Harold King.
While the new station's transmitter was under construction at 7500 SW 107th Avenue in South Miami, vandals stole of coaxial cable from the site.
WFAB signed on after years of delays on February 15, 1962, carrying programming for the African American community during the day and Spanish-language fare in the evenings.
Within months of signing on, it struck a pact with WCKT-TV to air a Spanish simulcast of WCKT's 6 and 11 p.m. newscasts.
As Miami's Cuban population boomed, ratings for WFAB and WQBA (1140 AM) rose: WFAB was third in the market in 1970 and WQBA fifth, putting two Spanish-language stations in the top 5.
In 1971, newsman Óscar Angulo was arrested by the United States Coast Guard along with three other exiles for planning a commando raid on Cuba.
WFAB rallied the Hispanic community in Miami to aid Nicaragua after the country was damaged by a major earthquake in 1972, with the station presenting the consul general of the country a $75,000 check garnered from donations to the station by listeners.
In 1973, Regalado recorded and aired a 20-minute phone conversation with the mother of dead dissident Pedro Luis Boitel, unusual because foreign telephone calls out of Cuba were closely monitored.
Even as WFAB demonstrated its ability to rally the Hispanic community in Miami, an existential threat formed at the Federal Communications Commission, one that hung over the entire United Broadcasting Company group, controlled by Richard Eaton.
At the start of 1973, the FCC ordered that WFAB, which had filed its license renewal application, join seven other United stations in comparative hearing for fraudulent billing practices.
The FCC review board then expanded the scope of the hearing at the petition of United Broadcasting Company of Florida that the station's public service record be considered.
Harrison held WFAB responsible for the record-keeping failures that allowed Miami appliance dealer Crown Trading Company to double- and triple-bill its suppliers for advertising reimbursements, using doctored WFAB letterhead, which continued even after a November 1970 management changeover.
It was not the only high-profile incident that month: on May 16, a dispute between rival factions over station control, stemming from its coverage of the April funeral of exile leader José Elías de la Torriente, spiraled out of control and prompted the station manager to call police.
In October 1975, the FCC upheld the judge's ruling, noting that the inexperienced local management had supplied blank WFAB letterhead to Crown in support of its misrepresentations and notarized incomplete documents.
United attempted an appeal; in the meantime, in January 1976, Eaton fired the entire 25-man air staff of WFAB and suspended normal programming.
The FCC denied United's efforts for a reprieve in November 1976, stating that it could not bring up new issues that could have been discussed previously in the proceeding.
A further blow to United came the next month, when the employees it had fired at the start of the year won a $60,000 settlement at the National Labor Relations Board.
WFAB was ordered by the commission to cease operations on the 22nd of the month; Congressman Claude Pepper introduced a bill to give United more time to respond to the FCC.
On February 20, its final day of broadcasting, some 6,000 people visited the station to sign a petition asking the FCC to reconsider; the station broadcast the opinions of listeners who called the closure an attack on the anti-Communist editorial stance of the station; and Latin-owned stores in Homestead closed their doors for an hour in protest.
The next month, United Broadcasting Company sued its lawyers, the law firm of Smith and Pepper, for $50 million, alleging that the firm mishandled the WFAB renewal fight and failed to file a timely appeal.
With WMYM deleted the FCC received eight applications to build a new station at 990 kHz in Miami, from The New Continental Broadcasting Company, Central Broadcasting, Dadeland Broadcasting Company, Women's Florida Association of Broadcasters, Latin American Broadcasters, Community Broadcasters, Dade Communications and Radio America Broadcasting, which went into comparative hearing.
In an initial decision in 1979, The New Continental—owned by Emilio Milián, a WQBA reporter who had lost his legs in a 1976 bomb attack—was given the nod; however, the FCC review board ruled in favor of Radio America the next year.
As a result of a settlement, RAB's application was dismissed, leaving three remaining contenders for the frequency; citing its higher percentage of female and minority principals than The New Continental, the FCC selected the application of Community Broadcasters, Inc., owned by María Teresa Saldise, Carrie Meek and María Elena Prío de Durán.
Most of the tracks are up-tempo workouts unapologetically aimed for the dancefloor, with rather mellifluous trumpet or flügelhorn lines cresting the waves of wah-wah guitars and semi-funky drumming.
The single debuted at number 50 in France for the week of 12 December 1987, peaking at number 39 six weeks later.
The Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2019 is a bill in the United States Congress that would require various United States government bodies to report on the treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang, China, including internment in the Xinjiang re-education camps.
On December 3, 2019, a stronger version of the bill was passed by the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 407 to 1. , the revised bill is awaiting approval by the United States Senate.
On December 3, 2019, a stronger, amended version of the bill—the Uighur Intervention and Global Humanitarian Unified Response Act (UIGHUR Act)—was passed by the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 407 to 1.
The bill would also call on United States President Donald Trump to impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act on Xinjiang Communist Party Secretary Chen Quanguo, which would be the first time such sanctions would be imposed on a member of China's politburo.
Uyghur activists, think tank analysts and political representatives called on various governments to sanction Mainland Chinese officials for their perceived involvement in the Xinjiang conflict.
The Chinese government have called the bill a malicious attack on China and demanded that the United States prevent it from becoming law, warning that it would act to defend its interests as necessary.
On December 8, 2019, Minfeng/Niya County (in eastern Hotan Prefecture, southern Xinjiang) County Communist Party Committee Vice Secretary () and County Magistrate () Aizezi Aili () penned a criticism of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act.
This article shows the rosters of all participating teams at the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship in Betim, Brazil.
The following is the roster of the Italian club Cucine Lube Civitanova in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.
The following is the roster of the Brazilian club Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.
It is native primarily to eastern areas the United States and Canada, with its range extending into the South Central region.
Eggert Gilfer (12 February 1892 – 24 March 1960) was an Icelandic chess player, seven-times Icelandic Chess Championship winner (1918, 1920, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1935, 1942).
It was republished by Flying Nun Records in New Zealand in 2004 as CD and in USA in 2012 as LP.
The Champion (Italian: Il campione) is a 1943 Italian sports film directed by Carlo Borghesio and starring Enzo Fiermonte, Vera Bergman and Erminio Spalla.
A former boxer, now a trainer, discovers a young fighter who he feels has all the skills to become a champion.
However the young man's success goes to his head and he becomes involved with a rich, vapid lady without realising that his trainer's daughter is in love with him.
It is located one block west of the National Parliament of East Timor, and faces Rua de Moçambique (formerly Rua Dom Fernando).
By governmental decree of 22 January 1938, a new high school was founded to provide indigenous Timorese with sufficient education to allow them to enter the lower level of the public administration.
It was installed in the school building, and named after , the Portuguese Minister for the Colonies (1936–1944) who was responsible for its foundation.
However, high school education could not be established at that time, because of the upheavals associated with World War II, during which Japanese forces invaded Timor, and the school building was one of the many buildings destroyed in the conflict.
Attendees of the high school included the later freedom fighter and first Prime Minister of East Timor, Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, and the later Minister of Social Solidarity, Maria Domingas Alves.
In 1961, the school building was enlarged on the basis of plans were drawn up by Eurico Pinto Lopes and António Sousa Mendes.
However, those plans were not fully implemented, as only the wing facing the Avenida Cidade de Lisboa (now Rua Formosa) and a new elementary school were built.
The building's exterior was rebuilt along the lines of the original design, but its interior was substantially modernised to house the Faculty of Education, Arts and Humanities of the National University of East Timor.
His group investigates electronic and optical properties of a few atoms of thin two-dimensional systems (such as graphene or ultrathin crystals of transition-metal di-chalcogen compounds).
In 1992 he joined SFK Lyn, but was scarcely used on the first team and was loaned out to Bærum SK in 1993.
With Lyn he experienced two spells in the Eliteserien and two in the 1. divisjon, suffering two relegations (1993, 1997) and winning one promotion (1996).
He was mostly their first-choice goalkeeper from 1996 through 1998, but is remembered for a loss against Brann in 1997 when he asked to be substituted off.
After the 1998 season he was poised to join Skeid, but the board of directors overturned the coaches' decision to sign him, and he instead returned to Kjelsås.
Ahead of the 2009 season Stenshagen became head coach of fifth-tier team Kragerø IF, where he also played for several seasons and scored a number of goals.
Stenshagen worked for many years as a prison guard in Oslo Prison, and eventually started in Skien Prison, being directly involved with their infamous prisoner Anders Behring Breivik.
Live is a live album by saxophonist Paul Desmond recorded in 1975 at the Bourbon Street jazz club in Toronto, Canada and released on the Horizon label.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an audience score rating of 98% based on 708 users and a critics review rating of 74% based on 19 reviews.
Utilizing her literary and legal background, she continues to develop book-to-screen adaptations for film and television and has been a producer at Upturn Productions for four years.
She set up her own production company in 2018, Monikher Productions with its upcoming adaption of Saving Beck, a novel by NY Times best-selling author Courtney Cox.
Mansour founded LA Writing Coach business to help entrepreneurs, experts, coaches, consultants and business owners fast-track writing and publishing their books.
He was also loaned out to Bærum SK in 1993, Fossum IF in 1995 and 1. divisjon team Ullern IF in 1996.
A shell with an minute, elegant fusiform shape, very distinct from its congeners through its sleek appearance produced by the rapidly growing in volume of its 6½ slightly convex whorls, for the subtle reticulation and the low elevation of the ribs which gives it a pearly appearance, and finally for the softness of the shell and its golden-yellow to horny color..
Dave (Shearsmith) has seen his marriage break-up and finds himself living in a storage unit called the Storage Garden, where his belongings are also being kept.
Following the executions of intelligence agents around the world, the Doctor, Yaz, Graham, and Ryan are called in by the head of MI6, C, to investigate.
Additionally, the Doctor contacts Agent O, who was tasked with monitoring extraterrestrial activities before being struck off by C. C is killed by mysterious lifeforms, while the Doctor and her companions manage to escape.
While Yaz and Ryan investigate Barton (whose DNA they discover to be 93% human), who invites them to his birthday party the following day, Graham and the Doctor find O in the Australian outback.
Leaping aboard said jet, O reveals he is actually the Master – having been in control of Barton and the aliens, a race known as the Kasaavins, the whole time.
The Master teleports to his waiting TARDIS and two of the Kasaavins cause the Doctor to disappear from the plane, reappearing in the same environment Yaz was in earlier; leaving the others in the falling plane.
In the Kasaavins' dimension, the Doctor meets computer pioneer Ada Lovelace and grabs her hand when a Kasaavin appears, transporting them to an invention exhibition in 1834, where they encounter the Master.
Though the Master knows the aliens' name and intentions, the Doctor realizes he does not fully understand them when he asks her how she escaped their dimension.
Ada takes her to the residence of polymath Charles Babbage, where the Doctor summons a Kasaavin via a figurine identical to the one in Barton's office, hoping to return to the 21st century.
They are rescued by British spy Noor Inayat Khan, though the Master continues to pursue them, posing as a Nazi officer through the use of a perception filter.
The Doctor meets with the Master atop the Eiffel Tower, where the latter reveals that he had the Kasaavins kill spies in order to get the former's attention and claim that Gallifrey has been destroyed.
With help from Ada and Noor, the Doctor destroys the Master's filter and turns the Nazis on him while her group uses his TARDIS to return to the present.
Speaking at a conference, Barton reveals that the Kasaavin will rewrite humanity's DNA to utilize its storage capacity as hard drives.
The Master, forced to live through the 20th century without his TARDIS, arrives in time to see the figurine device activate, only for it to fail after the Doctor planted a virus in it in the past.
Just before the Kasaavins are forced back to their dimension, the Doctor exposes the Master's treachery and they take him with them while Barton escapes from the conference.
After setting up the means for her companions to survive the plane crash, the Doctor returns Ada and Noor to their respective time periods and wipes herself from their memories.
Afterwards, her companions bluntly request the Doctor explain who she is, so she tells them of what she believes to be her backstory.
Lenny Henry and Stephen Fry were cast in the two-part story, with Henry portraying Daniel Barton, and Stephen Fry as C, the head of MI6.
Sacha Dhawan made an unannounced appearance as The Master, who had supplanted an MI6 agent codenamed O, who he posed as.
Dhawan said he had been notified of the role in January 2019 about a week prior before filming in South Africa, at the time when he was working with Peter Capaldi, the actor that had played the previous incarnation of the Doctor, on a scripted play.
Dhawan had found it hard to keep a straight face in front of Capaldi since he had to keep his role secret.
The first episode holds an approval rating of 92% on Rotten Tomatoes, and an average of 7.58/10 based on 26 reviews.
The second episode holds an approval rating of 80% on Rotten Tomatoes, and an average of 7.2/10 based on 15 reviews.
Ásmundur Ásgeirsson (14 March 1906 – 2 November 1986) was an Icelandic chess player, six-times Icelandic Chess Championship winner (1931, 1933, 1934, 1944, 1945, 1946).
Elizabeth Anne Kellogg (born 1951) is an American botanist who now works mainly on grasses and cereals, both wild and cultivated.
She earned a Ph.D from Harvard University in 1983, and was professor of Botanical Studies at the University of Missouri - St. Louis from September 1998 to December 2013.
While India is the birthplace of yoga and a major yoga tourism destination, yoga retreats and holidays are provided in many countries, varying from simple stays in guesthouses and ashrams to 5-star comfort in luxury resorts.
Yoga holidays are provided in countries including Greece, Sri Lanka, Japan, Thailand, Scotland, France, Morocco, England, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the Maldives and Wales.
India has become a major destination for yoga tourism, especially since the English rock band the Beatles travelled to Rishikesh in 1968 to take part in a Transcendental Meditation training course at Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashram.
Yin Xiaowei (; April 1973 – 26 November 2019) was a Chinese materials scientist, known for his research in composite materials.
He served as Professor of Materials Science at Northwestern Polytechnical University, and Executive Vice Dean of the Graduate School of the university.
He earned his bachelor's (1995), master's, and Ph.D. (2001) degrees from the Materials Science and Engineering Department of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi'an.
In 2002, he became a postdoctoral researcher at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and was awarded a Lady Davis Fellowship the following year.
In 2004, he was awarded a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to conduct research at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg in Germany.
In June 2006, Yin returned to China and was appointed a professor of the School of Materials Science of Northwestern Polytechnical University.
In 2016, he was awarded the Natural Science Award of the Ministry of Education of China (First Class) and the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Award (First Class).
Handball event at the 2019 South Asian Games was held at the Pokhara Covered Hall, Pokhara (Nepal) from 4 December to 9 December 2019.
In 1951, the World Bank approved an Agriculture project in Paraguay marking the beginning of a partnership that persists to this day and has given rise to 76 development projects of which 6 are currently active.
Paraguay saw an annual growth rate of 4.5% per year until 2016 making it one of the fastest growing economies among regional neighbors.The implementation of steady and dependable macroeconomic policies have fostered a friendly environment for investors that largely contribute to Paraguay's consistent economic growth, however much of Paraguay's economic development has resulted from the replacement of forests with agriculture operations.
As forests become increasingly scarce and climate change disrupts agricultural output, Paraguay will be forced to adapt its economy and society to meet a number of targets including strengthening the rule of law, achieving sustainability in regards to its natural resources, investing in human capital, and improving government services.
Poverty has been steadily decreasing from 57.7% of Paraguayans living below the national poverty line in 2002 to only 26.4% in 2017.
Paraguay has a score of 0.53 on the Human Capital Index which allows a range of scores from 0 to 1.
Other important economic sectors of Paraguay include electricity and mining.Paraguay's banking industry is still recovering from a liquidity crisis in 1995 which saw the shutdown of several important banks following news of financial malpractice and money laundering.
An IMF bailout aided in the recovery and reform of Paraguay's financial sector but Paraguay still struggles to find willing creditors.
Paraguay is one of the largest energy exporters in the world, and the World Bank places an emphasis on the realization and optimization of Paraguay's energy sector in order to boost its economy.
Almost all of Paraguay's energy is produced at the massive Itaipú hydroelectric dam which lies on the Paraná river bordering Brazil and Paraguay.
Though Paraguay could not contribute financially to the construction of the dam, it was able to contribute by conceding ownership of the construction site to Brazil and agreeing to export energy to Brazil at a discounted rate.
Construction spanned nine years from 1973 to 1982 and during this period the Gross Domestic Product of Paraguay grew at a rate of 8% annually and Brazil's appetite for Paraguayan energy provided the necessary stimulus for Paraguay to rapidly develop its agriculture sector.
Paraguay has collaborated with the IBRD on a total of 58 projects in 10 sectors including agriculture, health, education, and central governance.
The IBRD has committed $315 million to Paraguay in 2019 of which $93.51 million has been disbursed as of July 31 2019.
Much of its beef production occurs in the Chaco region of Paraguay which has lost 250,000 hectares of bio diverse forest per year.
IFC intervention is expected to increase productivity from 140 to 250 kilograms of beef per hectare while preserving 50% of the regions native forests.
Greenhouse gasses are expected to fall by 23% and the IFC is investing in energy and water efficient meat processing plants.
It was approved in 2013 and has helped 24,875 households increase their agriculture output and profitability in rural regions of the country by providing technical assistance and connecting them to markets and value chainswhile also ensuring long term sustainability and environmental preservation.
The Water and Sanitation Sector Modernization project was improved in 2009 and has improved water access to 10% of the population in Asuncion.
Key water sanitation and sewage facilities throughout the city were upgraded and modernized as well as 16 rural sewage networks for indigenous populations.
Over 33km of pipes were installed in total reducing the spread of disease and improving living conditions for thousands of Paraguayans.
The Paraguay Health Sector strengthening project has received a commitment of $115 million by the IBRD and is a project aimed at tackling a multitude of healthcare related goals in Paraguay.
The goal of the project is for 152 new family health care centers to be integrated into a new system so that a total of 225 are operating at a more efficient and improved national standardThe project also aims to increase those covered by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare with access to primary care from 32% to 40%.
These Family Health Care Centers will also be improving their services and expanding them so that more women receive prenatal checkups, more hypertension patients are correctly diagnosed, and the amount of TB cases diagnosed can increase from 78% to 88%.
These goals will be met through the use of investments by the IBRD to build new care centers, train more staff, revise practice guidelines, increase patient registration in the new centralized database to 70%, and the implementation of a system to control the stock of certain medicines within the country.
In 2013 The World Banks private lending institution (IFC) approved a loan of $85 million to Brazilian beef company in an attempt to boost economic growth in the Chaco region of Paraguay.
The loan was supposed to create employment opportunities and bring a much needed investment stream to the region, however investigative journalists from Reporter Brasil found evidence that the company was exploiting indigenous workers, including children, and clearing bio diverse forests to make way for cattle production.
One element of that supply chain verification system required Minerva submit a map to the IFC outlining suppliers most likely to exploit slave and child labor, however no such map was ever submitted to the IFC nor were other actions undertaken to meet the conditions of the Environmental and Social Action Plan.
Labor Unions in Paraguay that oppose the loan argue that without stringent safeguards, the program was certain to cause negative environmental and social implications from the start.
The Chaco region is roughly the size of the United Kingdom and lacks the resources to enforce labor laws and carry out cattle farm inspections.
The project received a total of $766 million from the World Bank between 1979 and 1992 while initially being projected to cost around $2.6 billion.This estimate proved to be incorrect as the project has ended accumulating a price tag of over $12 billion to date and still does not operate at maximum capacity.
During the construction of the project, engineering and construction companies and politicians siphoned off billions of dollars meant for the construction of the dam.
Further sources of controversy include allegations that the World Bank violated its own environmental and supervision policies, accusations that were confirmed when the World Bank Inspection Panel visited the project and submitted a report outlining the policies that were violated.
Two species of aquatic snail are now extinct and pampas deer, capybara, certain water birds, and yacare cayman all suffered catastrophic population declines.
There was also a large decline in the volume of certain species of fish in the Paraná river such as the Surubí.
In 1997, World Bank Management issued a letter to the Paraguayan press claiming that it did not violate its policies on resettlement, environmental impacts, and community participation.
Tennis at the 2019 South Asian Games was hosted at the International Sports Complex, Satdobato, in Lalitpur, Nepal from 2 to 10 December 2019.
Kabelo Motha, better known by his stage name Kabza De Small, is a South African DJ and record producer from Pretoria.
In the first period, the County of Loon led by claimant Diederik of Heinsberg managed to maintain its autonomy in relation to the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
During the second period, however, Arnold of Rummen, the last indigenous claimant to the title of count of Loon, first had to sell the County of Chiny to the Duchy of Luxemburg to cover his military expenses, and soon after conceded defeat.
The chapter invoked a decision made at the Diet of Frankfurt of 13 August 1246, which stipulated that all ecclesiastical fiefs should return into the Catholic Church's possession if the vassal died without children.
The chapter allotted 40,000 guilders for the conquest of Loon, and requested and received the support of the Pope in Avignon, Benedict XII.
The Liégeois cities supported the chapter's demand, but the Liégeois nobility preferred a different hereditary custom, in which sisters and sons are allowed to inherit fiefdoms.
The prince-bishop of Liège himself, Adolph of the Mark, was a brother-in-law of Diederik, and initially did not want a conflict with his own family, and distanced himself from the demands of his chapter.
While the Pope was putting the prince-bishop under pressure to claim Loon by military force in the name of the Church, Diederik was appointed as the count of Loon by Emperor Louis the Bavarian on 12 April 1336.
Although Adolph occupied Kolmont (near Tongeren), this was more of a symbolic act than a strategic move, and on 13 August 1337 he received a new papal reminder to annex Loon in its entirety.
As soon as Diederik heard the demand to surrender his county to the Church of Liège, he deliberately turned towards Liège's arch enemy, the Duchy of Brabant, on 19 December 1337.
He concluded a military alliance with duke John III, agreeing to support each other if either of them was attacked, especially by Liège.
When Diederik died in January 1361, his succession was challenged by Arnold of Rummen and Godfrey of Dalenbroek (both cousins of Diederik) on the one hand, and prince-bishop Engelbert III on the other, who once again tried to annex Loon.
The latter managed to rally the assistance of duke Wenceslaus of Brabant and Luxembourg (whom he was already serving as an advisor) and his half-brother, emperor Charles IV; moreover, his wife Elisabeth was rich.
The next year, Engelbert III became archbishop of Cologne; John of Arkel, the bishop of Utrecht, replaced him as prince-bishop of Liège.
That same year, John of Arkel invaded Loon anew; the ongoing war forced Arnold to sell Chiny to Wenceslaus, who merged it into the Duchy of Luxemburg.
On 18 August 2018, Garuda Indonesia signed an MoU agreement with this airline relating to the distribution of cargo from Jayapura to Wamena.
Anna Ferrer (maiden name Essex) is the president of the Vicente Ferrer Foundation (FVF) and executive director of the FVF in India.
While working for the paper, she interviewed the civil rights leader Vicente Ferrer Moncho and eventually joined the Citizens for Justice Committee which he started.
She and her husband worked together, building and developing the organization until his death ten years ago, when she took over.
Wushu at the 2019 South Asian Games was contested at the Army Physical Fitness Centre, Lagankhel, in Lalitpur, Nepal, from 5 to 8 December 2019.
The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 (PDP Bill 2019) was tabled in the Indian Parliament by the Minister of Electronics and Information Technology on 11 December 2019.
As of 17 December 2019 the Bill is being analyzed by a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) in consultation with various groups.
The Bill covers mechanisms for protection of personal data and proposes the setting up of a Data Protection Authority of India for the same.
Some key provisions the 2019 Bill provides for which the 2018 draft Bill did not such as that the central government can exempt any government agency from the Bill and the Right to Be Forgotten has been included.
In July 2017, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology set up a committee to study issues related to data protection.
After further deliberations the Bill was approved by the cabinet ministry of India on 4 December 2019 as the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 and tabled in the Lok Sabha on 11 December 2019.
The Wikimedia Foundation is hoping that the PDP bill will prove the lesser evil compared with the Draft Information Technology [Intermediary Guidelines (Amendment) Rules] 2018.
It runs north-south from Connaught Road Central to Des Voeux Road Central, and ends at its intersection with Des Voeux Road Central, though the street name is continued in Douglas Lane which continues almost all the way to Queen's Road Central before curving and converging with Li Yuen Street East.
The street is named after Hong Kong Tai-pan Douglas Lapraik whose dockyard was once located in the area now reclaimed and the site of Exchange Square.
Douglas Street has been dubbed as a Hawker Blackspot for Central and Western District meaning that the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department would give no warning to hawkers at the location before taking prosecution actions against them if they are caught.
As the street has been converted for pedestrian use, MTR was granted permission to use the street as the location for Exit C of Hong Kong Station.
Underneath Douglas Street runs a major portion of the pedestrian subway linking Hong Kong Station to Central Station within the paid area.
Already in the early 1930s, an important film company, Universal Pictures, made these characters its warhorse, launching the infamous Universal Monsters in the cinemas.
It was around the end of the 1970s, though, and throughout the 1980s and the following decades that a series of criminals, mostly addicted to serial murder, created a slew of cinematic sagas.
It rises above the tundra on the right bank of the Alazeya River, roughly south of the river's mouth in the shores of the East Siberian Sea.
Kisilyakh-Tas is located in a flat area, where there are only two other mountains nearby, a higher one to the SW and a smaller one to the west, both on the other side of the river.
The mountain is difficult to reach in the summer, but could be reached in April on a snowmobile if the weather is fine.
Reece Ivan Sailer (8 November 1915 – 8 September 1986) was an American entomologist who specialized in classical biological control and the systematics of the bugs in the family Pentatomidae.
Sailer was born in Roseville, Illinois where he went to school before going to Western Illinois State Teacher's College followed by University of Kansas receiving an A.B.
He worked as an assistant entomologist for the state of Kansas and then joined the US Department of Agriculture specializing in the taxonomy of true bugs.
He is a strong supporter of the Human Life Protection Act, which aims to criminalise abortion in the state of Alabama.
She served as Chief Engineer and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, and was the chief designer of the Ankang Dam and the Shiquan Dam.
She graduated from East China Institute of Hydrology (now Hohai University) in 1956, and joined the Communist Party of China the same year.
In 1956, she became an engineer at the Beijing Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Electric Power, and participated in the design of the Liujiaxia Dam.
She was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China in 1988, and Vice Minister in 1993.
In 2016 and 2018, she served as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting and the minister of Fisheries and Livestock respectively.
She was elected for the election on 11 August 2016 as a candidate of the Patriotic Front (PF) for the first time a member of the National Assembly of Zambia and represents the constituency of Kalulushi .
The women's doubles competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 4 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
Greg Beumer (born July 10, 1954) is an American politician who served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 33rd district from 2013 to 2018.
Along with Dukes India, RFPL also has 2 other flagship brands- TREFF and DYNAS.It is a public unlisted company classified as 'limited company by shares'.
The company was selected amongst the world's 100 Greatest Brands 2017-18 Asia and GCC, organised by AsiaOne magazine and United Research Services.
Skytanking provides aviation fuelling services including into-plane fuelling, aviation fuel storage and hydrant management, investment in aviation fuel facilities at airports and engineering.
It handles 23.2 million cbm of aviation fuel per year, refuels 2 million aircraft, and has operations at 83 airports in 14 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America (as of: November 2019).
The company provides into-plane fuelling services, and specializes in funding, building and operating all parts of the on-airport jet fuel supply chain.
The company finances, builds and operates airport storage and hydrants on a build, own, operate (BOO) or a build, own, operate, transfer (BOOT) basis.
Skytanking is one of Marquard & Bahls' mainstays of business, and is structured into more than 10 companies in four regions (Europe, Africa, Asia and North America).
North Air, UK; IndianOil Skytanking, India; Luxfuel, Luxembourg; Skytanking Calulo, South Africa; Hydrant Refuelling System (HRS), Belgium; and Skytanking Ovenon, Turkey, include associate companies.
The company is active in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, UK, Italy, Malta, France, Spain, Turkey, United States, South Africa and India.
In 1998, the entry into aviation fuelling business led to the idea of purchasing Omnitank’s 50-percent interest in Omni Aircraft Service at Munich Airport.
One year later, in 2002, Skytanking bought Merlin Fuels NV at the cargo airport in Ostend, Belgium, and positioned itself strategically in that region.
In 2003, Skytanking started operations in Miami, United States, and was responsible for fuelling the two Star Alliance airlines United and Air Canada at Miami International Airport.
Two years later, in 2005, the company acquired the Belgian Fuelling & Services Company, which handled half of the into-plane fuelling operations at Brussels International Airport.
It also had an extensive portfolio of contracts to provide services for fuel companies at other European airports, including Athens International Airport, Luxembourg Airport and Liège Airport.
At the beginning of 2006, Skytanking and its partners Indian Oil and IndianOiltanking were granted a 20-year fuel facility concession for new Bangalore International Airport, India; the joint venture IndianOil Skytanking Limited launched its fuelling operations at Bangalore International Airport in 2008.
By mid-2006, aviation fuelling had become Marquard & Bahls’ third-largest business area, with Skytanking operating at 14 European and American airports and employing about 320 people around the world.
In 2007, Skytanking and Stuttgart Airport signed a 30-year BOOT contract for the construction and operation of the new aviation fuel storage facility, which opened in 2009.
The new Indianapolis International Airport, USA, opened in November 2008; Skytanking was awarded a contract for management and operation of the fuel storage and hydrant system.
In 2009, besides starting its facility operations at Stuttgart Airport, Germany, Skytanking took over AirFuel, a joint venture between Air France and Kuwait Petroleum Aviation France that worked in into-plane fuelling at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, handling more than 1 million tons of jet fuel per year.
In the same year, Skytanking purchased two aircraft-fuelling service companies in Italy, HUB Srl and PAR Srl, and provided aviation fuelling at five airports in this country: Milan Malpensa Airport, Milan Linate, Rome Fiumicino, Naples and Palermo airports, servicing over 200,000 aircraft per year.
In 2010, Skytanking Calulo started aviation fuelling operations in Durban, South Africa, at the new King Shaka International Airport, including into-plane fuelling and the operation of the tank storage and hydrant system.
Furthermore, Skytanking entered the into-plane fuelling market in the UK by acquiring 51% of shares in North Air Limited, a company that provided into-plane fuelling and jet fuel storage management services at 17 airports across the country.
In 2012, Skytanking added jet-fuel storage and into-plane services at two more airports in France: Nice Cote d'Azur and Bordeaux Mèrignac.
Later that same year, in November 2012, Skytanking began providing into-plane fuelling services at Frankfurt Airport – the 50th airport in Skytanking’s portfolio.
Frankfurt, alongside the existing sites in Munich and Stuttgart, gave Skytanking a presence at three of Germany’s ten busiest airports by passenger volume; Frankfurt Airport was the third-largest airport in Europe, and the ninth-largest worldwide.
Skytanking sold its subsidiary Skytanking USA with its 14 US sites to Aircraft Service International Group (ASIG) in 2014, and in return, took over ASIG’s business at Munich, Vienna, Linz and Klagenfurt airports to strengthen its network in Germany and Austria.
In December, 2014, Skytanking completed the purchase of an 84-percent shareholding in Hydrant Refuelling System NV (HRS), which owned and operated the jet fuel storage and hydrant system at Brussels National Airport, Belgium.
At the end of 2016, Skytanking and the Turkish company Ovenon founded the joint venture Skytanking Ovenon; it provided aircraft fuelling personnel to oil companies at 18 airports in Turkey including Istanbul, Ankara Esenboğa Airport and Antalya Airport.
In March 2017, Skytanking was re-awarded the contract for aviation fuel storage and hydrant system management at Munich Airport, where it has operated the fuel facilities since 1999.
One month later, in April 2017, Skytanking Limited, a joint venture between Skytanking and the Maltese company Attard Services Limited, started into-plane fuelling operations at Malta International Airport.
In October 2017, Skytanking completed the acquisition of the employees and assets of Sun Jet Services at Germany’s Frankfurt, Düsseldorf and Cologne airports.
As Turkey is an emerging aviation hub, Skytanking Ovenon AS has taken over the aviation fuelling operations of Petrol Ofisi Vitol in Turkey in May 2018, offering into-plane fuelling and tank farm management services at 21 Turkish airports today.
In April 2019, Skytanking added another country to its network with Barcelona El Prat Airport in Spain; Spain is the third largest aviation market in Europe.
The 2020 Malaysia Super League () is the 17th season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.
Johor Darul Ta'zim are the current defending champions from the 2019 Malaysia Super League seasons and qualified for the group stage of 2020 AFC Champions League.
and Kuala Lumpur FA were relegated to 2020 Malaysia Premier League after finished 11th and bottom place of last season league.
Southeast Asia (SEA) players need to have acquired at least 30 international caps for their senior national team with no period restriction on when caps are earned and those who has less than 30 international caps will be subjected to MFL approval.
The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches.<br>In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards.
Born in Heidelberg, Windfuhr grew up as the son of the Heine researcher and editor Manfred Windfuhr, first in his hometown and later in Düsseldorf.
From 1978 Windfuhr studied orchestral conducting in Cologne, Vienna and Florence and attended master classes with Franco Ferrara, Carlo Maria Giulini, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Leonard Bernstein and Günter Ludwig.
In 1985 Windfuhr won the International Conducting Competition Vittorio Gui and in 1986 the International Conducting Competition Janos Ferencic in Budapest.
He received his first engagement in 1986 as a répétiteur with conducting duties at the Theater Dortmund, in 1989 he went to the Theater Augsburg as the second Kapellmeister and director of studies, in 1990 as the first coordinated Kapellmeister to the then Opera House, today's Staatstheater Nürnberg.
Two years later he was engaged as first conductor and deputy general music director at the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe, again one year later he became provisional general music director there.
His concert career has taken him from the beginning of his career through Europe (Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Hungary) and to the USA; as an opera conductor he has appeared on renowned German stages, including the Deutsche Oper am Rhein Düsseldorf-Duisburg, at the Opera Bonn, at the Mannheim National Theatre and at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.
From 2007 to 2013 Windfuhr was Professor of Conducting at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Leipzig, where his students included Mirga Gražinytė-Tyla.
London teenager Alex Rider is recruited by the British MI6 to infiltrate a controversial corrective academy for the wayward offspring of the ultra-rich.
Sony Pictures Television's international and worldwide distribution divisions under Wayne Garvie and Keith Le Goy were attached to the film series.
Otto Farrant, Brenock O'Connor, Stephen Dillane, Vicky McClure, Andrew Buchan, Ronkẹ Adékoluẹjo, Ace Bhatti and Nyasha Hatendi were announced as cast members.
He has written and directed music videos for numerous artists across an array of genres including Timaya, Terry G, Olamide, Burna boy, J.martins, Dj Xclusive, Dj Spinall, Omawumi, and Waje.
At 385.3 m above sea level, the Jenzig is one of the highest mountains in the Saale Valley area and is located northeast of the city center.
From its dome-shaped and elongated form, the mountain is evidently an eroded plateau formed by the action of the Saale river on the limestone of the area.
Based on archaeological discoveries, the Jenzig was a fortified hilltop settlement during the time of the Urnfield culture (about 1300 BC to 800 BC), offering protection to the surrounding population.
In 1936, a hoard was discovered while quarrying, which can now be found in the prehistoric collection of the University of Jena.
The nearly 3.5 kg complex consists of 28 bronze objects such as neck and arm rings, spirals, a bejeweled disc, two sickles, a knife, a hatchet and a spiral plate fibula.
Fortified prehistoric hill settlements contemporary to those found on the Jenzig are also known in the vicinity of the Alte Gleisberg near Bürgel, the Johannisberg near Lobeda and the Dohlenstein near Kahla.
The 2090-meter high Mount Jenzig in northern Victoria Land in Antarctica was named in 1988 by Klaus Duphorn (Kiel University) after the Jenzig.
She is also a member of the Executive Committee and National Council of the Catalan Greens, Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds (ICV).
During the coalition government between Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and ICV that lasted from 1999 to 2011 (without Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya from 2007) - she worked as an Advisor to the Deputy Mayor in charge of sustainability, the environment and urban services for five years (2002 – 2007).
In June 2003 she began her involvement in politics by becoming a member of the Catalan Green Party (Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds) where she has held several different responsibilities: a member of the Political Commission of Barcelona, a member of the National Council, a member of the Executive Committee and a member of the International Relations Working Group.
In November 2012 she was elected as an Executive Committee Member of the European Green Party at the 17th Council Meeting of the European Greens held in Athens.
Throughout her mandate she was responsible for strategy planning for the Green family, for the party's Gender Network, and for capacity building and networking coordination among member parties.
Two years later, in November 2014, Mar Garcia was elected as the Secretary General of the European Green Party at the 21st Council Meeting of the European Greens in Istanbul (2014), taking over from the previous Secretary General who stepped down from the role.
Garcia was re-elected at the 23rd Council Meeting of the European Greens in Lyon (2015) for an extended mandate that would cover the 2019 European Election campaign.
During this mandate, a high priority was given to the enhancement of collaboration among the European Green family, namely among the Member Parties spread across Europe, the Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament, the Federation of Young European Greens and the Green European Foundation.
Through an innovative digital campaign present all over the European Union, the share of votes for the European Greens increased from 7 to 10 percent.
Her research focuses on the transnational interaction between narrative and cultural memory and is authoritative in the field of Memory Studies.
From 1988 to 2000 she was a lecturer in Literary Theory at the Comparative Literature programme, University of Utrecht; in 2000 she was appointed Professor of Comparative Literature at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Her early work dealt with narrative and imaginative strategies in history-writing and historical novels, with special attention to writers like Jules Michelet, Thomas Carlyle and Sir Walter Scott.
She then turned to more general models of how the past is configured in the present-day imagination, and to the question how this imagination is expressed and communicated.
In her historiographical theory she resists a view of history centered on ideal-typical historians (as academics in history departments writing archive-based books on the social and political history of their own country); this, she argues, fails to do justice to the wide range of practices, academic and otherwise, through which societies take account of the past.
She held visiting research fellowships at the University of Liège (1984-1985), Trinity College Dublin (1995), the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies (2009-2010), the University of Konstanz (research group History and Memory, 2011), and at the Lichtenberg Kolleg (Institute for Advanced Study), University of Göttingen (2012).
This led to the establishment of the Network in Transnational Memory Studies (NITMES), which won a €59,000 grant from NWO, the Netherlands national funding agency for scientific research, in 2015.
She is also an elected member of the Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities (Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen), and of Academia Europaea.
In 1981 its population was 1,030, but has steadily fallen since to 717 in 1991; 541 in 2001, and 490 in 2011.
Locations near Agios Georgios include the small village of Koudoumalia and the village of Avrakode and also Limnakaro Plateau (height ).
It is the second largest village in Lassithi Plateau, home of a Folklore Museum, the only elementary school in Lassithi Plateau and also the only kindergarden in the Municipality.
It is a starting point for an ascent of the Dikti (height ), and the E4 trail goes through the village.
In wintertime, when the Lasithi Plateau is snow covered, many of the villagers in Agios Georgios would have descended to occupy the settlement of Analipsi on the northern coast of Crete, 5 km west of Hersonisssos and part of the Hersonissos Municipality where they cultivated olives.
Love with Flaws () is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Oh Yeon-seo, Ahn Jae-hyun, Kim Seul-gi, Gu Won and Heo Jung-min.
Produced by AStory, it aired on MBC on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:00 from November 27, 2019 to January 16, 2020.
A romantic comedy about a woman who hates men with pretty faces, a man who is obsessed with his looks, and how the people with flaws get over their prejudice.
He played high school basketball at Westerville South High School in Westerville, Ohio, and played college basketball with the Butler Bulldogs, staying for four years and leading the team in scoring for two consecutive seasons.
After playing in Portugal and Israel as well as in minor leagues in the United States, Guice moved to France where he was a three-time All-Star selection, MVP in 2005 and won the league title in 2006.
Guice was born in Columbus, Ohio and attended Westerville South High School in nearby Westerville, where he was a multi-sport athlete: he was part of the varsity basketball, soccer (where he played in the defender position) and track teams.
While playing for the basketball team he averaged 19.1 points, 7.6 assists, 4.1 rebounds and 4.1 steals per game and was a first-team all-state selection and District III Player of the Year.
Guice was recruited since his junior year at Westerville South by Butler's head coach Barry Collier and assistant coach Jay John, who personally attended some of Guice's games in high school.
Guice signed to play for Butler in mid-November 1989, preferring the Bulldogs to Yale and St. Peter's, the other two programs that showed interest in signing him.
In his freshman year Guice played as the team's sixth man, and averaged 10.3 points, 2.3 rebounds and 1.2 assists per game, ranking fifth on the team in both scoring and rebounding.
He missed 7 games due to a broken hand, and finished the season as the team's second best scorer (12.4 points per game) behind senior guard Darin Archbold, and also improved his assist numbers to 2.8 per game, which ranked him second on the team behind Tim Bowen.
With the graduation of Archbold, Guice was named team captain and took up the majority of the scoring load for the Bulldogs, averaging a team-high 13.4 field goal attempts per game, and he led the team in scoring with 17.3 points per game.
He also ranked second on the team in assists per game (1.9) and steals per game (1.2), trailing Tim Bowen in both categories.
Guice's senior season saw him again being named the team captain, and he averaged career-highs in all shooting categories (his free throw percentage of 77.4 led the conference), and a career high in points per game with 18.2, which made him the 4th best scorer in the MCC.
He was the best scorer on the team, the second best assistman with a 2.6 average (behind Travis Trice Sr.), and he led the Bulldogs in steals per game with 1.3.
After his senior season at Butler, Guice was automatically eligible for the 1994 NBA draft, but he was not selected by any franchise.
He joined the Indiana Pacers rookie free agent camp in July 1994 and practiced with the team but he was not included in the final roster.
He then decided to join the Pittsburgh Piranhas, a Continental Basketball Association team which had drafted him in the fifth round (80th overall) in the 1994 CBA draft.
He played 31 games with the team (5 starts), averaging 5.5 points, 1.4 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game in 14.1 minutes per game before moving to the Rapid City Thrillers mid-season: with the Thrillers he played 17 regular season games (shooting 42.9% from three) and 1 postseason game.
In 1995 Guice moved to Europe and joined Portuguese team Atlético Clube de Portugal, where he averaged 21.4 points per game before coming back to the United States, joining the Connecticut Pride in the CBA, where he averaged 5 points per game in 4 appearances, and then signed with the Shreveport Storm in Shreveport, Louisiana, where he received limited playing time (8.2 minutes) and averaged 2.2 points per game.
He moved to Israel for the 1996–97 season and joined Liga Leumit team Maccabi Kiryat Motzkin, playing two seasons and being named the league MVP in 1997.
In January 1999 he signed for the La Crosse Bobcats, returning to the CBA, and in 27 games he averaged 8 points, 2.3 rebound and 2.6 assists on 22 minutes per game.
In 1999 he played with Ironi Hadera of the Israeli second tier, and he then joined the Trenton Shooting Stars of the International Basketball Association in November 2000.
In 2001 he returned to the Israeli top level playing for Elitzur Kiryat Ata: in 18 games he averaged 18 points, 2.8 rebounds and 3 assists per game.
In 30 games he averaged 17.8 points, 3.4 rebounds and 4.1 assists per game, and was named in the All-Star team; he was confirmed for the following season, during which he improved his scoring average to 18 points per game, and shot 40.5% from three.
In 2004 he had his best scoring year in France, averaging 19.7 points per game along with 4.5 rebounds, 5.6 assists and 2.7 steals on a career-high 39.1 minutes per game.
In 2005 he joined Le Mans, where he had the chance to debut at international level while playing in the 2005–06 ULEB Cup.
At the end of the season Guice won the Pro A title with Le Mans, along with the Semaine des As.
In 2006 Guice was signed by Élan Chalon, where he again had the chance to compete in the ULEB Cup: in the 2007–08 edition he played 12 games with averages of 5.8 points, 3.8 rebounds and 3.3 assists.
I BIKE Dublin is an advocacy group founded in Dublin, Ireland in 2017 and is focused on improving conditions for cycling in Dublin city.
The group carries out direct actions to raise awareness of the issues facing people who cycle in Dublin and to pressure the authorities to do more to provide safe conditions for cycling.
The first action took place on Andrew's Street, Dublin on June 27, 2017 and involved the protection of a contraflow cycle lane which was a black spot for illegal parking.
The action immediately attracted media attention and a follow up action a week later made the main evening news on national television channel RTÉ.
In December 2017, I BIKE Dublin coordinated a crowd sourcing of illegal parking on cycle lanes in Dublin in response to claims by An Garda Síochána that they were taking the issue seriously.
More incidents of illegal parking were recorded in one week in Dublin than had been recorded by An Garda Síochána in an entire year, nationwide.
In April 2018, following the death of a young man while cycling in Donnybrook, Dublin, I BIKE Dublin teamed up with other cycling groups and organisations to stage a die-in outside Dáil Éireann to highlight the dangers faced by people cycling in Dublin.
They presented Klaus Bondam, head of the Danish Cyclists' Federation, with a t-shirt in recognition of his outspoken criticism of the Council and their lack of action in delivering safe cycling infrastructure.
In October 2019, I BIKE Dublin teamed up with Extinction Rebellion to stage a slow cycle along the streets of Dublin as part of Extinction Rebellion's Week of Action.
In November 2019 the group was invited to appear before the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Transport, Tourism and Sport to discuss the issues facing people who cycle in Dublin.
The initial concept was to simulate a movie within the listener's mind, to create a sense of total immersion without requiring any visuals.
Lights Out (radio show) has been cited as an influence for Brewer, as was listening to concept albums and following their track listings to outline his stories and novels as a teenager.
In October 2019, Lit Hub announced a partnership with The Podglomerate, launching the Storybound (podcast), a new podcast created and hosted by Brewer.
Season One was sponsored by Powell's Books, including musicians who originally appeared on Storytellers Telling Stories, alongside critically acclaimed and bestselling authors such as Mitch Albom, Lidia Yuknavitch, Matt Gallagher, Kim Barnes, Adelle Waldman, Diksha Basu, Nathan Hill, Caitlin Doughty, as well as a story told by Jack Rhysider, creator of the popular podcast Darknet Diaries.
Another podcast is rumored to be in development with a recurring writing collaborator, Brianna Barrett, officially funded by a grant from the Regional Arts & Culture Council.
The show will be a radio drama adaptation of Barrett's historical fiction play based off the life of Frances Fuller Victor, an American historian and novelist living in Civil War era San Francisco.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The Deployment Support Company and Mobility Support Company field the battalion's heavy military engineering vehicles: Biber bridgelayers, Dachs armored engineer vehicles, cranes, excavators, Medium Girder Bridges etc.
A port for Linux was made available in June 2015, for AppleTV on 2 Februari 2016, and a Nintendo DS version was released on 3 March 2019 in collaboration with Ellada Games.
The puzzles are connected together in a point and click adventure story, consisting of 5 short chapters that each end with a splash screen where the user has to piece the found jigsaw pieces together.
The protagonist of the adventure story is the user, and is never portrayed, although there is some minor interaction with in-game characters.
GamePitt turns this same judgement into an advantage by noting that the easiness makes the game suitable for the whole family, including younger children.
In November of 2019, she was appointed the first female Master of St John's College, Cambridge, and is set to assume the position in October of 2020.
Hancock was educated at Colne Park High School, Lancashire and Nelson and Colne College, before going on to study Land Economy at St John's College, Cambridge.
In April 2016, she was appointed Chair of the FSA, having been appointed Deputy Chair in September 2015 whilst awaiting a Parliamentary Select Committee pre-appointment hearing before appointment as Chair was confirmed.
Prior to this, she gave evidence on food safety after Brexit to the House of Lords EU Energy and Environment Sub-Committee in March 2019 and in July 2018.
In January 2019, she was appointed to chair the Group Board and Trustees of Holker Hall, and is a Trustee of the Chatsworth House Settlement Trust.
In 2014, Hancock was commissioned by the BBC Trust to report on bias and impartiality in the Corporation's rural affairs output.
She was a Managing Partner of Deloitte in the United Kingdom and Switzerland between 2008 and 2014, with executive responsibility for Innovation, Brand, Communications and Talent, and a Partner in the firm's Strategy Consulting business from 2003-2014.
Prior to this, Hancock formed part of the team creating the new Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport established after the 1992 General Election, where she was Private Secretary to the Permanent Secretary, Hayden Phillips.
She joined the Government Economic Service in 1988, and was posted to the Home Office, where she served as Private Secretary to Home Secretary David Waddington, Baron Waddington, Kenneth Baker MP, and Kenneth Clarke MP.
From 2000 to 2012, she was a trustee of the Prince's Trust, and deputy chair of the World Athletics Championships and World Para Athletics Championships from 2013 to 2016.
Hancock was a Trustee of the International Business Leaders Forum from 2011 to 2014 and a founder of the Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust.
She was appointed a member of North Yorkshire County Council's Commission to inquire into the sustainability of remote rural communities in 2019.
In November 2019, it was announced that Hancock had been elected Master of St John's College, Cambridge, and that she would take up her post in October 2020.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The Deployment Support Company and Mobility Support Company field the battalion's heavy military engineering vehicles: Biber bridgelayers, Dachs armored engineer vehicles, cranes, excavators, Medium Girder Bridges etc.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The Deployment Support Company and Mobility Support Company field the battalion's heavy military engineering vehicles: Biber bridgelayers, Dachs armored engineer vehicles, cranes, excavators, Medium Girder Bridges etc.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The Deployment Support Company and Mobility Support Company field the battalion's heavy military engineering vehicles: Biber bridgelayers, Dachs armored engineer vehicles, cranes, excavators, Medium Girder Bridges etc.
RISAT-2BR1 was launched on 11 December 2019 at 09:55 UTC aboard PSLV-C48 from First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
The RISAT-2BR1 is follow on to RISAT-2B and has an X-band SAR with unfurlable radial rib reflector antenna of 3.6 meter diameter.
RISAT-2BR1 can operate in different modes including Very High Resolution imaging modes of 1m x 0.5m resolution and 0.5m x 0.3m resolution with swath of 5 to 10 km.
RISAT-2BR1 was launched aboard PSLV-C48 on 11 December 2019 at 09:55 UTC with nine other ride-sharing commercial satellites from First Launch Pad of SDSC SHAR.
Launch vehicle used was QL variant of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle with four PSOM-XL strap-ons and employed a 195 kg Dual launch Adapter (DLA) to accommodate primary and secondary payloads.
After flight of 16 minutes 27 seconds, RISAT-2BR was separated from PSLV fourth stage (PS4) and injected into 576 km circular orbit with 37° inclination.
RISAT-2BR1 deployed it solar panels within 3 minutes after separation and deployed its 3.6 meter antenna on 0830 UTC, 12 December 2019.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The Deployment Support Company and Mobility Support Company field the battalion's heavy military engineering vehicles: Biber bridgelayers, Dachs armored engineer vehicles, cranes, excavators, Medium Girder Bridges etc.
The 3rd Engineer Regiment () is a military engineer regiment of the Italian Army based in Udine in Friuli Venezia Giulia.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The Deployment Support Company and Mobility Support Company field the battalion's heavy military engineering vehicles: Biber bridgelayers, Dachs armored engineer vehicles, cranes, excavators, Medium Girder Bridges etc.
Khmost () is a river in Dukhovshchinsky, Smolensky, and Kardymovsky Districts of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, a right tributary of the Dnieper.
A short stretch of the river crosses Smolensky District, then the river turns east and forms the border between Dukhovshchinsky and Kardymovsky Districts.
From Mount Remarkable, where it is also known as Mount Remarkable Creek, it flows generally eastwards to Melrose township at the foot of the mount.
It thence flows generally northwards east of Mount Remarkable National Park across the eponymous Willochra Plain and through the locality of Bruce to the locality of Willochra itself at the heart of the plain.
Being assisted by flows from several other water courses north of Willochra locality, the flows ultimately end up crossing through a sharp gorge in the Flinders Ranges north of Mount Stephen and into the south end of Lake Torrens about due west of Hawker.
Hamad Al-Yami (born 17 May 1999), is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a right-midfielder and right-back for Prince Mohammad bin Salman League side Al-Qadsiah.
Elizabeth Arrieta (died 30 November 2019) was an Uruguayan engineer and politician who served as a Deputy from 2015 until her death.
That was the first time since season 1954-55 that Sutjeska, who's traditionally one of two strongest Montenegrin sides, played in Republic League.
Except that, on season 1976-77, Sutjeska became the first team which won Montenegrin Republic League and Montenegrin Republic Cup during the same year.
For most of his career he lived in Canada, where in Montreal he was an academic at McGill University and conductor of the Montreal Orchestra.
At the University of Cambridge he obtained BMus and MA degrees; he was appointed organ scholar at Christ's College, Cambridge in 1923.
He was conductor of the Montreal Orchestra from its formation in 1930 until its dissolution in 1941; during this time, the orchestra introduced works by British composers, and works from the standard repertoire not previously heard in Montreal.
He retired from the university in 1955; returning to England, he lived in Warwick where he was organist of St Mary's Church.
The first Women's Twenty20 hat-trick was taken by Asmavia Iqbal of Pakistan, playing against England in Loughborough on 5 September 2012.
Ekwaro Obuku, is a Ugandan physician, researcher, academic and health policy expert, who is the immediate past president of the Uganda Medical Association, a professional industry association, that champions medical doctors' interests in the county.
He is also currently, a Doctor of Philosophy candidate at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, in collaboration with McMaster University.
He was born in February 1978 at Victoria Hospital, in the city of Kisumu in Kenya at a time when the family had fled Idi Amin's regime in Uganda.
In 1992, he returned to Uganda and was enrolled into St. Mary's College Kisubi, graduating in 1997 with a High School Diploma (A-Level Certificate).
He entered Makerere University in 1998 on scholarship from the National Council of Sports, to study human medicine and play basketball.
in 2009, he graduated with a Master of Science in Clinical Trials, from the London School of Tropical Medicine, where he had studied on a scholarship awarded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership.
As of December 2019, he is pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy in Health Policy in a joint program between Makerere University College of Health Sciences, in Uganda and McMaster University in Canada.
He continued to work there after his internship, in the pediatrics department, under the supervision of Christine Ondoa, a consultant pediatrician, who later served as Health Minister and then presidential adviser.
He had to leave, a few months later due to insecurity, posed by the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency, which was raging at that time.
He relocated to Kampala and was hired by Dr Dickson Opulu, as a medical officer to work at the Uganda Workers’ Treatment Centre in Kampala and Jinja.
From 2010 until 2013, Obuku served at the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine as a technical adviser on tuberculosis control.
She had completed her secondary education in Ma'an and she was one of the first Bedouin women to receive an education.
She received a BA in Arabic in 1974 and a Diploma in Education and Psychology in 1976 both from the University of Jordan.
Graduated in the civil service from a class teacher to a researcher at the Royal Academy for Research Management Islamic Civilization / Al-Bayt Foundation to a cultural adviser in the Jordanian embassies abroad to the head of the advisors unit / Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
Academically, Dean of Al-Jouf College / Saudi Arabia, University Professor at the University of Jordan and Al-Balqa Applied University, Visiting University Professor, Indiana University, University Professor, University of Jordan, Aqaba Branch.
The 1924 Lincoln Lions football team was an American football team that represented Lincoln University in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1924 college football season.
In their second year under head coach Ulysses S. Young, the Lions compiled a 7–0–1 record (5–0–1 against CIAA opponents), won the CIAA championship, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 239 to 3.
Prithvirajsing Roopun GCSK (born 24 May 1959, also known as Pradeep Roopun) is the Honorable President of Mauritius as at 2 December 2019.
After leaving parliament, he was elected as the 7th President of Mauritius by the National Assembly on 2 December 2019 and was sworn in on the same day.
Aktionsjuden are the approximately 30,000 Jews in Germany and Austria deported within the region or the country after the Kristallnacht of 9/10 November 1938.
They were deported to the concentration camps Buchenwald, Dachau and Sachsenhausen by the NSDAP organizations and the police in the days after the pogrom.
Around 500 Jews were murdered, committed suicide or died as a result of ill-treatment and refused medical treatment in the concentration camps.
In the early morning hours of 10 November, Reinhard Heydrich forwarded an order by Heinrich Himmler to all state police headquarters and SD top sections.
In addition to the Gestapo and the local police, even the SA, SS and the National Socialist Motor Corps became active.
Most male Jews were arrested in their homes, but arrests were also made at work, in hotels, schools and train stations.
While the deployment of police officers in large cities was mostly formally correct and without additional humiliation or maltreatment, elsewhere insults, kicks and blows were not uncommon.
The historian Wolfgang Benz recorded that up to 10,000 Jews remained in prisons or local collection points because the accommodation available in concentration camps was insufficient.
Reliable figures and comprehensive information on their release from prison or the duration of their imprisonment are not available and there is a research deficit.
Most of the prisoners arrived in the three concentration camps of Dachau, Sachsenhausen and Buchenwald in the first two to three days after the pogrom night.
A humiliating admission procedure with hours of standing for appeals, undressing, hair cutting and putting on the prisoners' clothes had a shocking effect on the victims and is widely described in eyewitness accounts.
The daily routine was structured by three appeals, which often lasted for hours and became a torture in rain and cold.
As of 12 December, the inmates over 50 years of age were to be released, and as of 21 December, Jewish teachers were to be given preferential dismissal.
Others gained their freedom because their plans to leave the country had already reached an advanced stage or even their visas were threatening to expire.
Jewish car owners, who had their driving license revoked from 3 December 1938, were pressured to sell their cars at a ridiculous price.
Speechlessness, sleep disturbances, fear and shame were often the reaction to the sudden loss of bourgeois reputation, the raw assaults experienced and the experience of absolute powerlessness and lawlessness.
Families were forced to separate in order to flee individually to a foreign country or at least to remove their children from Germany.
Joel Edward Danies (Born April 1, 1958, in Jacmel, Haiti) is a Career Foreign Service Officer who has served concurrently as the US Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe from 2018-2019.
Immediately prior to his ambassadorship, Danies was associate dean of the School of Professional and Area Studies, a unit of the Foreign Service Institute.
While chargé d’affaires in Belmopan, Belize, during and after Hurricane Mitch in October 1998, Denies declared the area a disaster in order to allow U.S. aid to begin flowing.
The player may choose which opponents they face in the first three matches, sans the unplayable characters; after these three matches the opponents are chosen by the computer.
Following the decision about reducing number of participants on season 1978-19 from 16 to 14, five teams were relegated to the bottom-tier.
It stars Malaika in the lead and her debut acting role as Mela Katende while Daniel Omara, Cleopatra Koheirwe, Lesham Kenogo,Denis Kinani and Marie Corrazon joined in supporting and regular roles.
The series was entirely produced at Savannah MOON by producers and sisters Meme and Nana Kagga, who also co-executive produced the series.
Mela Katende, an illegitimate child is raised by her step mother, struggles to live up to the expectations of her family, society and culture.
The men's vault competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 1 to 4 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Adrian Zuckerman is a Romanian-born American lawyer and diplomat who is serving as United States Ambassador to Romania from December 17, 2019, when he presented his credentials to Romanian President Klaus Iohannis.
He earned a BS in Life Sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a BS in Management from the MIT Sloan School of Management and his JD from New York Law School.
Before his tenure at Seyfarth Shaw, Zuckerman was co-head of national real estate and corporate services at Epstein Becker & Green.
When Zuckerman was a partner at Lowenstein Sandler, a sexual harassment claim was made against him by one of their legal secretaries in 2008. .
Prof. Robert Haim Belmaker (, born 8 July 1947), is an Israeli psychiatrist who has had major academic positions in Israeli psychiatry since 1974.
He was Hoffer-Vickar Professor of Psychiatry at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva Israel (holding the first named Chair of Psychiatry in Israel) until his retirement and is now Emeritus.
Prof. Belmaker received his BA from Harvard College in 1967; his MD from Duke Medical School in 1971; and was a Clinical Fellow at US National Institute of Mental Health 1972–1974.
Prof. Belmaker has researched the mechanism of action of lithium bipolar disorder throughout his career and focussed interest on second messenger systems in the brain, Biological Psychiatry, 1993, New England Journal of Medicine, 2007.
He was one of the first psychiatrists to study a continuum between the molecular genetics of temperament and that of bipolar disorder and edited a seminal volume.
He was one of the first investigators to see the potential for transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain as a treatment for depression, the first to study it in animal models of depression, and co-edited the first handbook of this treatment for psychiatric disorder that was widely influential for many years.
He has received the Anna Monika Prize for Research in Depression (1983), the Ziskind-Somerfeld Prize for Senior Research in Psychiatry (1993) and the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Lilly Research Award (1996), and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Lifetime Achievement Nola Maddox Falcone Prize for research in affective disorder (2000), and the research prize of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (2004).
Prof. Belmaker is married (since 1967) to Ilana (Elaine) Zarembka Belmaker, the former Director of Public Health in the Negev, a pediatrician and a preventive medicine specialist.
Bayzo, along with Freddie Portelli, Brethren Paul, Mario Perrone, Tony Muscat and Tony Bartolo, were meeting in the fields of St Paul's Bay areas and singing.
With The Malta Bums, Bayzo lived and played in Germany for six months, where he originated Viva Malta at the end of 1967.
He had taken part in Dream, the first rock opera from Malta, which first played at the Manoel Theatre in 1974.
In 1982, he was one of the singers of a popular rock opera in Malta known as The Lord, and was respected for his unique style as well as the meekness he always held.
The Labour Party considered the death of Bayzo as a major defeat to the Maltese musical scene because for years, he was known as one of the main personages in the Maltese musical field.
The women's balance beam competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 2 to 4 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
Michael Wardlow (born 1987/1988) is an American professional wrestler who is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the mononymous ring name Wardlow.
In December 2016, Wardlow won his first championship in professional wrestling, by way of defeating RJ City to capture the vacant IWC Heavyweight Championship.
He won the IWC Super Indy Championship in March 2019, but lost it to Josh Alexander in August of that year.
The men's parallel bars competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 1 to 4 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
In 2017, Blanch moved his Axel Hotels headquarter registration from Barcelona to Madrid, although the company is still based in Barcelona.
The men's horizontal bars competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 1 to 4 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
She has also appeared as Mozart's Queen of the Night, Zerbinetta by Richard Strauss and in contemporary opera at international opera houses and festivals.
Born in Buffalo, Aikin is the daughter of a metal worker and a housewife, growing up together with four sisters in modest circumstances.
She first studied art at the State University of New York in Buffalo, and then music at Indiana University, as well as on a German Academic Exchange Service scholarship with Reri Grist at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München.
From 1992 to 1998 she was a member of the ensemble of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin where she performed more than 300 times.
Aikin has appeared as a guest at major European opera houses, including the Dutch National Opera, La Monnaie in Brussels, Opéra Bastille in Paris, Opéra de Lyon, Semperoper in Dresden, Oper Frankfurt, Bavarian State Opera in Munich, Opernhaus Zürich, at the festival Maggio Musicale in Florence, Teatro San Carlo in Naples and at the Liceu in Barcelona.
Team events for squash at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were held in Manila Polo Club, Makati, Philippines from 4 to 9 December 2019.
The women's floor competition for gymnastics artistic at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held from 2 to 4 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
The Persian tribal uprisings of 1929 were a series of rebellions in the Sublime State of Persia by the Qashqai, Khamseh and the Buyir Ahmadi and the Bakhtiari.
It began in the early spring of 1929, when the Qashqai, led by Ali Salar Hishmat Qashqai rose up against the Persian government.
By early June, the government had lost complete control of Fars province outside of Shiraz, which came under rebel siege in mid-June.
Following an additional Bakhtiari uprising in Dih Kurd, Isfahan Province on 9 July led by Mardan Khan, the government agreed to the peace terms and most rebel tribes in Fars province, except for Ali Qashqai surrendered.
She worked for more than 37 years advancing to be an Associate Professor and to lead the Department of the Cherkasy Pedagogical Institute.
She was recognised for her work with awards from both the central authorities and more locally from the Cherkasy Pedagogical Institute.
Nazareth Church (Danish: Nazareth Kirke) is a Church of Denmark parish church located at Ryesgade in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The narrow facade towards the street consists of a gable motif flanked by a tall, slender tower to the right and a lower pinavle to the left.
He is professor emeritus of pediatrics and psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, where he formerly served as Lisa and John Pritzker Distinguished Professor of Developmental and Behavioral Health.
In 2015, he received the Distinguished Contributions to Interdisciplinary Understanding of Child Development Award from the Society for Research in Child Development.
The Banting Medal, officially the Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement, is an annual award conferred by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), which is the highest award of ADA.
Inaugurated in 1941, the prize is given in memory of Sir Frederick Banting, a key discoverer of insulin and its therapeutic use.
According to the 2011 Census, the largest religious groupings are Hindus (70.30 per cent), followed by Muslims (29.34 per cent), Jains (0.10 per cent), Sikhs (0.05 per cent), and adherents of other religions (0.03 per cent).
Johnson defeated Eddie DeLoach in the 2019 Savannah mayoral election and was sworn in as mayor of Savannah on January 1, 2020.
In 2005 he and his friends formed a rap grouped called the Pittie Boys, before he started his solo career in 2009.
In 2015 he won the award for Artist of The Year at the Urban Music Awards (UMA), he also won 3 awards at the 2017 UMP awards, 1 award at the 2017 Nyasa music awards, 1 Award at the 2018 UMP awards and a couple of other awards.
For four years prior to his appointment as Ambassador he was Political Minister Counselor and then Deputy Chief of Mission at U.S. Embassy in Moscow, Russia.
The men's team regu sepak takraw competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok was held from 7 to 12 December at the Indoor Stadium Huamark.
Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power () is a local political group based in Tsz Wan Shan of Wong Tai Sin District founded in January 2015 by a group of HKGolden netizens.
The group was formed in January 2015 by a group of HKGolden netizens attempting to prevent the pro-Beijing camp from running uncontested in the 2015 District Council election after the Umbrella Revolution.
Members Mak Tsz-ho and Tam Chun-man ran in Ching Oi and Tsz Wan East against Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) incumbents anti-Occupy lawyer Maggie Chan Man-ki and Ho Hon-man respectively but both failed to win a seat.
It planned to field candidates in four of the five geographical constituencies with the agenda to put forward a referendum on Hong Kong's self-determination.
Two Youngsipration candidates of the ALLinHK alliance Baggio Leung and Yau Wai-ching were elected, but were soon disqualified over the Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy in October 2016.
The group made a second attempt in the 2019 District Council election amid the large scale anti-extradition protests, with Cheung Ka-yi and Sham Yu-hin contested in Fung Tak and Ching Oi.
Philolaos studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts between 1944 and 1947, in the workshop of Michael Tombros and Athanase Apartis.
After his military service between 1947 and 1950, he traveled to Paris, where he studied at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, following lessons by Marcel Gimond.
The women's team regu sepak takraw competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok was held from 7 to 12 December at the Indoor Stadium Huamark.
Mrinal has been a scriptwriter and creative producer for several TV channels some of which include Zee TV, Balaji Telefilms, Doordarshan, Star Plus, UTV.
He was a decorated veteran and a member of the so-called Guinea Pig Club, an association that focused on the treatment, rehabilitation and socialization of airmen who suffered serious injuries in the war.
His family had a small farm, and he was one of three children.. From a young age, Šiška wanted to fly and to become a pilot.
He would later earn a reward of 5000 crowns for his improvement proposal for the Zlin Z-XII aircraft, but he preferred pilot training.
He mastered combat training, served in aviation units and in September 1938 was at the field airport in Ivanovice among the prepared crews.
Šiska was a member of an illegal cell through which he helped Jews and others escape to Poland and later to Hungary.
In order not to fall into their hands, it was decided within the illegal group that the prototype must fly to the Balkans.
Together with Alois Bača, they fled across the frozen river Morava to Slovakia, then with the help of a Hungarian pastor, they crossed the Slovak-Hungarian border and continued by train to the border with Yugoslavia.
The opportunity to escape with Šiška did not come until March 30, 1940, when he visited the doctor, due to scabies.
His following steps, already a member of MS. foreign troops, headed through Turkey to Syria, where he joined with other members of the army on a boat trip across the Mediterranean to France.
They landed in Marseille on April 25th, briefly served at an airport near Bordeaux, but did not intervene in the ongoing fighting for France and on June 21st were on their way to the English coast.
Alois Siska belonged to a few MS. pilots who participated in the crossing of the Alps with subsequent bombing of the industrial Italian city of Turin.
On December 28, 1941, a six-member crew of the 311th RAF Bomber Squadron had to make a rough emergency landing in the North Sea after damage to the plane KX-B after the bombing of Wilhelmshaven.
During the landing, one of his crew lost his life, while the remaining five members had to make use of an inflatable boat to survive.
At sea, they had close encounters with rescue planes, but rescue did not come despite the unwritten agreement in RAF to save castaways at all costs.
The planes dropped parcels full of resources, but due to the rough sea, the crew members did not dare go into the water to retrieve the packages.
Due to poor health and no help in sight, Šiška and the crew members contemplated suicide but decided against it as they had no means to carry out the deed and did not want to do it by self-drowning.
Much to their astonishment, they drifted towards the Dutch coast and when they were found near the Petten, they were arrested by the German Coast Guard.
Šiška was in the worst state of the three as he had gotten severe frostbite and gangrene of the feet, and doctors were preparing for amputation when Šiška experienced a sudden heart attack.
This experience and his subsequent apparent clinical death ultimately saved his feet from amputation, but he could not walk until after the war when he underwent multiple surgeries to help repair the damage.
The Gestapo ordered a death sentence for Šiška, but that order was never enforced due to threats from Winston Churchill that for every soldier killed in a British uniform, two high-rank German officials would be killed in response.
Until the end of the war, he was held at Oflag IVC in Colditz, a notorious prison camp that held military elites.
He worked in agriculture and as a TV repairman because as an ex-RAF pilot he was not allowed to hold a career.
For instance, on October 17, 2012, a monument was unveiled in Petten, Holland in honor of the Czech crew of the Wellington KX-B plane that went down in the North Sea on December 28, 1941.
Alois Šiška holds the highest Czech honor, Order of the White Lion class III, and conferred in memoriam on September 28 2003, as he passed away a few weeks prior to getting the award.
He became an attaché in the Japanese mission in London, and was posted to Nanjing before returning to the Foreign Ministry.
In addition to directing, Albelo has written for Dmitry Lipkin, and produced the Madeleine Olnek biopic on Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights with Emily.
Anna Margarita Albelo staged a riot grrrl stylized parody of t.A.T.u, featuring Anna La Chocha and Laurence Transe-Dancer, at a pride event in 2003.
In 2019, Albelo was under controversy for an apparent lack of transparency in organizing Wynwood Pride, though this was later mediated within the community as the need for security and event maintenance was realized.
He has a degree in history from the University of Manchester and a postgraduate diploma in newspaper journalism from City, University of London.
Before entering his journalism career, he spent three and a half years working for Midland Bank in the City of London, and then as a business analyst at HSBC.
King has been a business journalist on national newspapers and television for nearly 25 years, and has won the Business Journalist of the Year award twice.
Union Cafe is the fifth studio album by the Penguin Cafe Orchestra, and was released in 1993 under the Zopf label.
The album was originally released only as a cassette and CD, with a 2017 re-release under the Erased Tapes label producing vinyl versions.
Union Cafe was the last studio album produced by the Penguin Cafe Orchestra, due to Simon Jeffes' premature death in 1997.
Moloantoa Geoffrey Makhubo (born 8 February 1968) is a South African politician who is currently serving as the Mayor of Johannesburg.
He was appointed the caucus leader of the ANC in the city council after the resignation of Parks Tau in May 2019.
On 28 November 2019, the African National Congress announced that it had nominated Makhubo for the position of mayor following the resignation of the Democratic Alliance's Herman Mashaba.
Makhubo enters office under much controversy as he has been accused of gross corruption by both the Economic Freedom Fighters and the Democratic Alliance following a payment of R30 million to his company from Regiments Capital, a firm implicated in the ongoing State Capture inquiries, while he served as Finance MMC.
It is one of the top ranked high schools in Barisal Education Board and the first ranked school in Barguna District.
The 84th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in film for 2019, were announced on December 4, 2019.
Osonuga was born in Ijebu – Ode, Ogun State to father Olaide Thomas Osonuga, a taxi driver and mother Morenike Osonuga a petty trader.
In 2014 Osonuga was selected among 200 Nigerian doctors deployed on a six-month medical humanitarian mission to Sierra Leone in the wake of the Ebola epidemic.
From the 157 patients admitted to Osonuga's group's care, a total of 101 patients survived, which was a survival rate of over 64 percent.
Kruger Cowne in partnership with One Young World and Xcor Space Expeditions shortlisted Osonuga alongside two other young leaders to win an all-expense paid trip to space in honor of his work on Ebola.
James W. McRae (October 25, 1910 – February 2, 1960) was an American engineer who served as the third president of Sandia Corporation (a subsidiary of Bell Labs which managed the Sandia Laboratory).
McRae was born on October 25, 1910 in Vancouver, British Columbia and graduated from the University of British Columbia in 1933 with a B.S.
He received a doctorate from the California Institute of Technology in 1937 and subsequently joined Bell Telephone Laboratories, working on technology for microwave and radio transmitters.
McRae returned to Bell Labs in 1946 where he held several director positions before being appointed as vice president of systems development in 1951.
He subsequently returned to Madison, New Jersey where he served as vice president of AT&T until his death on February 2, 1960 at the age of 49.
In the years 1921 to 1945 Kapp worked as dramaturge of the Berlin Staatsoper Unter den Linden and editor of the in-house papers of the Staatsoper.
The Korsakov Sea Trade Port provides a passenger-and-freight line with the Kuril Islands, constant line communication with South Korea, Vladivostok, as well as direct links with the West Coast of the USA and countries of the Asia-Pacific Region, and the Wakkanai ferry line (Japan) - Korsakov.
After the end of World War II and the liberation of the south of Sakhalin from the Japanese invaders, in August 1946, based on cargo turnover and its importance as a transshipment point, the Korsakov Sea Commercial Port was established.
On the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Union of the RSFSR of July 5, 1946 on the administrative territorial structure of the South Sakhalin Region by order of the Minister of the Navy No.
935 of 08.08.1946, based on cargo turnover, its importance as a transshipment point, its technological equipment for berths, transshipment routes, the Korsakov Sea Trade Port of the 1st category was created.
The structure and functions of the port, the main standard facilities of the commercial sea port were approved on 10/14/1947 and announced by order of the Ministry of the Navy No.
In the development of the economy of the young Sakhalin Region, the Korsakov port was of paramount importance, representing a gate to Sakhalin, a connecting point between the mainland and the island.
V 1949 godu na Sakhalin s materika v osnovnom postupali khlebnyye i prodovol'stvennyye tovary, stroitel'nyye materialy, metall i oborudovaniye, otpravlyali iz Sakhalinskoy oblasti, v osnovnom, bumagu, les i ryad drugikh tovarov, proizvodimykh na Sakhaline.
In order to solve production and social issues, the port created the following: Motor depot, on the territory of which there were four repair boxes, six parking boxes for cars, four parking boxes for forklifts.
The repair and construction department of the port had a construction yard, a carpentry workshop with machine tools, a sawmill workshop.
The following events were held: Initiation to Young Workers, the Portovik newspaper was published, an amateur art group was organized, and annual sports and athletics meetings were held.
In 1994, the Maritime Administration of the port was established, and the port became an Open Joint-Stock Company, but did not lose its original significance.
From April 5, 1994 to May 30, 1996, the seaport was called the Korsakov Commercial Sea Port Open Joint-Stock Company (based on Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.
From May 30, 1996 to the present, the Commercial Sea Port is the Open Joint-Stock Company Korsakov Sea Commercial Port (KMPP OJSC).
Stevedoring companies - Korsakov Sea Trade Port OJSC, Petrosakh CJSC, Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd., Pristan LLC, Rosneft-Vostoknefteprodukt LLC (branch No.
Communication between him and other settlements of the Sakhalin Region is carried out by road and rail, as well as by regular flights of ships.
The Vandive family was a Parisian branch of the Van Dievoet family from Brussels, descended from goldsmith Philippe Van Dievoet (bapt.
This Parisian branch of the Van Dievoet family died out in 1802 with François Gilles Vandive, property owner, living rue des Lavandières n° 82 in Paris.
According to an ancient family tradition included in a handwritten genealogy, the name of Philippe Van Dievoet was changed to Vandive by the Dauphin, of whom he had been the jeweller.
It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.64, which is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye in good conditions.
Based upon an annual parallax shift of as seen from Earth, this star is located around 233 light years from the Sun.
It has an infrared excess, which suggests a debris disk is orbiting the star at a radius of with a mean temperature of 90 K.
Shaun Fairman was convicted in 2013 of the murder, and his appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in 2019 was rejected.
The Build-a-Cell Initiative, An Open Community Considering & Advancing the Construction of Synthetic Cells, is a large-scale international collaborative research project aimed at construction of synthetic living cell.
The Initiative was formed during the Build-a-Cell Workshop #1 in July 2017 by Drew Endy, Richard Murray, John Glass and Kate Adamala.
Workshop #1 was at Caltech in July 2017, Workshop #2 was at Stanford University in February 2018, Workshop #3 was at University of Minnesota in February 2018, Workshop #4 was at J. Craig Venter Institute in February 2018, Workshop #5 was at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in February 2018, Workshop #6 is planned at NASA Ames Research Center in February 2020.
The Zimbabwe cricket team is scheduled to tour Bangladesh in February and March 2020 to play one Test match, three One Day International (ODI) and two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Zimbabwe last toured Bangladesh in October and November 2018, and last won a series in the country during their tour in November 2001.
When the Camp Fire destroyed most of the town of Paradise in November 2018, the school campus was mostly spared, losing only a half dozen temporary classrooms.
The campus was shut down for the remainder of the 2018–2019 school year; students studied in nearby Chico, California or via online courses wherever they were staying.
When the school reopened its doors in the fall of 2019, an enrollment of 600 was expected, but 900 showed up on the first day of school.
Many of the students had lost their homes in the fire, and some were living with friends or driving long distances to attend school each day.
The school made national news when its football team, less than a year after the fire, had an undefeated regular season and went to the section championship.
Only three members of the varsity team were living in Paradise; the rest were commuting from locations up to 90 minutes away.
Vijay (Jai) an IT professional happens to share an coach with Jenny (Vaibhavi Shandilya) and the duo strike a conversation and soon are sharing beers and the bed too.
Vijay's colleague Varsha (Athulya Ravi) is ogling at him for years and for some inexplicable reason again she never explicitly say it out to him though she shows it in every possible way.
Problem is Varsha continues to pine for Vijay and she gets a chance one night when he drops her home and she beds him using a few beers.
It stars Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, and Joe Pesci, with Ray Romano, Bobby Cannavale, Anna Paquin, Stephen Graham, Stephanie Kurtzuba, Jesse Plemons, and Harvey Keitel in supporting roles.
The film follows Frank Sheeran (De Niro), a truck driver who becomes a hitman involved with mobster Russell Bufalino (Pesci) and his crime family, including his time working for the powerful Teamster Jimmy Hoffa (Pacino).
The film premiered at the 57th New York Film Festival, and had a limited theatrical release on November 1, 2019, followed by digital streaming on Netflix starting on November 27, 2019.
The film received numerous accolades; at the 92nd Academy Awards, it received 10 nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor for Pacino and Pesci, and Best Adapted Screenplay.
Additionally, at the 77th Golden Globe Awards, it was nominated for five awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, while it earned 10 nominations at 73rd British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film.
It was also mentioned by the 44th president of the United States Barack Obama as one of his favorite films of 2019.
Lara Maiklem (born 1971) is a British author, editor and publishing consultant known for her writings on mudlarking (scavenging on the foreshore for objects of historic interest).
Her mother's family are from London, until the early 20th century they worked as shipbuilders on the Thames and lived in the East End.
She is licensed to mudlark on the River Thames by the Port of London Authority and has been searching the foreshore in her spare time for over 15 years.
In 2012 Maiklem began the London Mudlark Facebook page in 2012 as a place to share her finds online and to open the hobby up to a wider audience.
It received critical acclaim from, amongst others, The Sunday Times, The Times, The Observer, The Guardian, The Times Literary Supplement, Literary Review, the Daily Mail, the Daily Express, The Spectator, The Economist, Current Archeology, The Wall Street Journal, New York Times, The New Yorker, Maclean's, The Australian and Sydney Morning Herald.
I love the fact that [Maiklem] makes herself the centre of this huge, timeless, endless story that reaches from the distant past and flows past all our consciousnesses out to a place far beyond the reach of the estuary.
It reached number 2 on the Sunday Times Bestseller list and was a BBC Radio 4 Book of the Week in August 2019.
It was Book of the Month at Foyles, and Book of the Year 2019 in The Observer, the Daily Express and on Apple Books.
Maiklem has made numerous radio and television appearances on the BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5, The Travel Channel, BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 5, Scala Radio, Monocle Radio, ABC (Australia) and NPR (US).
Alois Dorn (20 May 1908 - 24 August 1985) was an Austrian visual artist known in particular as a sculptor, a painter, a glass-painter and a creator of mosaics.
Alois Dorn was born at Mühlheim am Inn, a rural village in Upper Austria approximately equidistant between Munich and Linz: he grew up in conditions of some poverty in nearby Suben am Inn.
Partly on account of this, much of his work was degraded or destroyed by British and American aerial bombing during the Second World War.
In 1933 the National Socialists had taken power and transformed the country into a one-party dictatorship which lasted for slightly more than twelve years.
Through the filter of subsequent decades, most available sources are silent on the details of Alois Dorner's relationship with National Socilialism during these years.
Although he was not much of a political activist, there are instances that can be adduced to show that he was broadly sympathetic towards aspects of government policy that mainstream opinion after 1945 found deeply unpalatable.
Investigation of Dorn's own archived papers indicates that in 1935 he became a member of the , the organisation for visual artists created by the party, membership of which would greatly have eased his professional progress under the dictatorship.
There were also already four children in the family from Gertrud's first marriage which had ended in divorce during the war.
Between 1952 and 1960 the family lived at Solbad Hall (as the town was called between 1938 and 1974) where Gertrud had been living since 1943.
In 1960 or 1961 they moved to Upper Austria, which for Alois Dorn represented a return to his roots, and where they now settled at Leonding, a small prosperous town just outside Linz.
Slightly less than quarter of a century later, following the death of Gertrud Fussenegger, the mortal remains of Alois Dorn were dug up and removed to the cemetery at Leonding, near the home the couple had shared.
They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Women's Tournament, receiving a three seed in the Portland regional, where they defeated Fordham in the first round before being upset by South Dakota State in the second round.
The Coaches Poll releases a final poll after the NCAA tournament, but the AP Poll does not release a poll at this time.
Derek Robert Sage (born October 11, 1978) is an American football coach who is currently the tight ends and special teams coach for the UCLA Bruins.
He played there as a tight end in 2000 and 2001—the program's final two seasons—and earned his bachelor's degree in kinesiology in 2002.
He spent two seasons with the program, working with the defensive backs in 2003 and with the wide receivers in 2004.
In 2005, Sage landed his first job as a wide receivers coach at New Hampshire, where he first met Chip Kelly, who was offensive coordinator at the time of Sage's hire.
Sage mentored All-American receiver David Ball, who became the NCAA career leader in touchdown receptions, with 58, and amassed 4,655 receiving yards in his collegiate career—a school record for New Hampshire.
In 2016, Sage's third and final season with the Rockets, Sage oversaw a receiving corps that featured two All-Mid-American Conference receivers.
The Rockets' passing offense that season averaged 322.8 yards per game, which was an improvement of over 88 yards per game from Sage's first season (2014).
Sage accepted his first Power Five job in 2017, becoming the inside receivers coach at Washington State, which ran an air raid offense under head coach Mike Leach.
The Cougars' passing offense ranked second in the nation and first in the Pac-12 Conference in 2017, with 366.8 yards per game, and it led the Pac-12 in touchdown passes.
In his inaugural season at UCLA, Sage mentored future NFL Draft pick Caleb Wilson, who led the nation's tight ends in receptions per game, receiving yards per game, and total receiving yards.
In 2019, Sage stayed on as tight ends coach and assumed responsibilities as the team's special teams coordinator following the departure of special teams coordinator Roy Manning.
Marleny is wife  of the former president of the National Assembly (AN) and now president of the National Constituent Assembly (ANC) and vice president of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), Diosdado Cabello.. She is a mother of three children.
Contreras was a deputy of the National Assembly by the State of Miranda until 2015 where she was part of the permanent commission of Finance and Economic Development.
On 18 May 2018, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the United States Department of the Treasury placed sanctions in effect against Contreras and her husband.
Thomas Adiel Sherwood (June 2, 1834 - November 22, 1918) was a justice of the Missouri Supreme Court from 1873 to 1902.
His family came from an old English ancestry, originating in Nottinghamshire, Sherwood Forest, England, and leaving England for Connecticut in the late 1600s.
He commenced the practice of law at Springfield, Mo., in 1864, and soon entered into an extensive practice in the circuit courts as well as in the supreme court.
Sherwood was elected to the supreme court in 1872, for a term or ten years, under an amendment of the constitution adopted in 1865.
The term of supreme judges had previously been for six years, but under the amendment, the number of judges was increased from three to five, and the terms were extended to ten years.
At his election in 1872 Judge Sherwood received the highest vote of the five persons in nomination, he was elected for ten years, while others were elected for shorter terms.
Sherwood was also named chief justice, because he was the oldest in commission at the time the act went into force.
Pósa's theorem, in graph theory, is a sufficient condition for the existence of a Hamiltonian cycle based on the degrees of the vertices in an undirected graph.
Pósa's theorem states that if a finite undirected graph satisfies the Pósa condition, then that graph has a Hamiltonian cycle in it.
After that, he completed his studies at the University of Damascus (Faculty of Law) and at the French College of Beirut.
He obtained a good job in the office of the French Governor-General, but he rejected it and went to the law firm.
Among his works are his long story Muhsin al-Hazzan and his popular poetry collected by his son Amin Nakhle as Mu’anna Rashid Nakhle.
At the end of his life, Amin Nakhla worked on his memories, and involved his pain with his companion.He suffered a brain haemorrhage that led to his loss of memory, and his friends and supporters gradually separated from him, until he died in silence, without a farewell or memorial service, on May 13, 1976.
It was planned to pay tribute to two last-minute concerts, the first following the assassination of Kamal Nasser and his group by Israeli intelligence, and the second because of the 1975 civil war in Lebanon.
Amin Nakhla was a prose beside his hair, and his prose was elegance and ease abstained, and the topics addressed by Amin Nakhla in his poetry and prose three: spinning, nature and death.
He was obsessed with death in many hours of the day and night, and in many of his positions laments himself when he laments others.
(A loaf enters the oven of the estate, and a thousand loaf comes out of it, my beloved, there is no God what I saw my eyes a loaf has red Khaddk, nor saw my loaf has burned as my heart).
Amine Nakhlé only wrote one book in 1942 called al-mufakkira al-rifiyya, that talked about the innocence that presided over the people that live in the country-side versus the people that live in the city.
When he published some chapters of his Mufakkira in the press he chose a pseudonym which was Fuad Effendi since he believed that the author should show himself through his works not necessarily by his name.
The Decade of Aggression Tour was a concert tour played by the heavy metal band Slayer in support of their live album, as well as a celebration of the 10 year anniversary of Slayer.
In 1992, Kozłowska returned to Poland, working for a year at the Ministry of Culture and Art where she was in charge of cooperation with ethnic minorities in Poland.
From 2003 to 2009, she was director of the Ludwig van Beethoven Easter Festival bureau in Warsaw and Kraków, closely cooperating with Adam Mickiewicz Institute at that time.
She studied at the Film and Theatre schools as well as the Academy of Fine Art before working in Warsaw for the Central Board of Theatres in 1951.
She was a representative on the Seym of the sixth and seventh term of the Polish People's Republic before the end of communism is the country.
The Thomas Earl House, at 1221 Seminary St. in Napa, California, is an Italianate style house which was built in 1861.
She won Miss Ireland in 1984, and finished in the top 10 in both the Miss World contest in 1984, and the Miss Universe contest in 1985.
The 1993–94 season was Mansfield Town's 57th season in the Football League and 21st in the Third Division they finished in 12th position with 55 points.
She was Minister of Rural Development in 2008-2009. and was elected to parliament again in 2018, for the Al Islah party, and in October 2019 was elected the first secretary of the National Assembly.
The 1947 Shaw Bears football team was an American football team that represented Shaw University as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their second season under head coach Howard K. Wilson, the team compiled a 10–0 record (6–0 against CIAA opponents), won the CIAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 246 to 39.
Key players included halfbacks Twillie Bellamy and Jim Jackson, fullback John Turner, end Bill Elliott, tackle Gladstone Booth, guard Leroy Way, and center Kermit Booker.
In post-season discussions about the black college football national championship, Shaw was criticized for a weak strength of schedule, having failed to schedule games against the three CIAA opponents that were ranked in the top 10 under the Dickinson Rating System: Hampton (No.
Juan Mera González (born 22 November 1993), is a Spanish footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Indian club East Bengal.
Juan played his first match on 29 August 2010 against Gimnástica Torrelavega He played for Sporting B, in Segunda Division B, till 2015-16 season.
After that he joined Celta Vigo B, Racing Ferrol, Teruel, Leioa in Spain till 2018-19 and played in Segunda Division B.
He made his professional league debut on 4 December 2019 in I-League, in match against Real Kashmir FC He assisted a goal and was also named Man of the Match.
The Second Severomuysky Tunnel (Russian: Второй Северому́йский тонне́ль) is a 15 km long one-way Russian gauge railroad tunnel, which is currently under construction on the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM) in the north-western part of Buryatia, Russia.
The new tunnel will allow to increase the annual freight capacity of that particular part of the BAM from 16 to 100 million tons.
In 2010, the Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin announced his ambitious plan to reconstruct the BAM to reach a freight capacity of 100 million tons by 2050.
In November, it was announced that the second tunnel would add another 68 daily trains to today’s 38, and the budget for the new tunnel construction was estimated at 190 billion rubles, excluding VAT ($2.89 billion).
In March 2019, Dmitry Bosov, the owner of Siberian Anthracite Group, sent a letter to the Russian president Vladimir Putin, proposing to build the new tunnel in 5 years and privately finance it in exchange for the Group’s priority access to the BAM and the Trans-Siberian Railway to transport 50 mln tons of cargo annually for the next 25 years.
According to the Russian Railways president Oleg Belozyorov, his colleagues together with the Federal Agency for Railway Transport, the Ministry of Transport, and the Federal Antimonopoly Service are still working on forming a public-private partnership that would legitimise the proposed ‘concession with lease’ and still provide Russian companies with a non-discriminatory access to the railways.
The excavation of 10,3 m wide tunnel will begin from two sides: from the Western portal in October 2020 and from the Eastern portal in January 2021.
Based on the experience of the excavation of the ‘first’ tunnel, Russian specialists claim that the Severomuysky Range is one of the most complicated subjects for the tunnel excavation.
The structure is typically between 3-5 cm long with a 0.5 cm diameter, and the walls of the tube are 0.1 cm thick.
In 1959, Haughton published the paper that described the fossils as early archaeocyathids, a taxon of sedentary reef-building organisms that doesn't usually appear in the fossil record until the late Cambrian .
However, in 1963 Martin Glaessner revisited the rocks and determined that the fossilized animals did not actually distinctly possess the features that would classify it as an archaeocyathid, nor did he find it to share features with any known species.
During the 2019–20 season, PSV will participate in the Eredivisie, the KNVB Cup, the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and the Johan Cruyff Shield.
Fava of Manosque was a Jewish physician and surgeon known to practice medicine in the early 14 century in Provence, France.
She was part of a prominent medical family with her mother (Astrugus), husband, son (Bonafos) and two grandsons also practicing surgery.
In court, she was asked if she had palpated the wound, but she denied this saying she had merely described the procedure to her son, Bonafos, who had conducted all physical contact with the patient, though she had examined the wound and dictated the medicines used in the procedure.
She has worked in consultation with other members of the government in Djibouti and the United Nations to develop programmes and support for gender justice in her country.
She has campaigned for better living and working conditions for women in Djibouti, including calls for the ending of discrimination against women.
She has been part of advisory boards providing recommendations for equality for women both for the government and for the UN.
In May 2015 Djibah launched the project SIHA (Strategic Initiative for the Horn of Africa) designed to support and reinforce the economic capacity of women in Djibouti, funded with a grant from the European Union of 28 Million Djibouti francs.
In 2019, research by the African Development Bank in conjunction with Djibah's ministry, showed that progress had been made towards gender equality but that women's education was 20% lower than that of men.
The 2019–20 Premier Arena Soccer League Women's season currently consists of 9 teams grouped into 2 divisions across the US.The Premier Arena Soccer League continues to serve as the developmental league to the Major Arena Soccer League and Major Arena Soccer League 2.
Muziwakhe McVictor Mazibuko (born 16 May 1991), known professionally as Muzi, is a South African DJ, singer, songwriter, and record producer.
Human rights in Djibouti is a major concern of Abeba's and she has organised workshops with the Djiboutian League for Human Rights (LDDH) to explore solutions to issues facing the country.
Khadija Abeba also became the first female judge in 1977, and in 1996 became the first woman in Djibouti to be President of the Court of Appeal.
In 2003 Hawa Ahmed Youssouf was appointed to role of Secretary of State for the Promotion of Women and Family and Social Affairs.
The 9th February public hearing of nominations or hustings, chaired by the under-Sheriff, Mr Abbot, duly took place the day after paper submissions closed, at the Fairfield, Croydon.
Hustings were erected and wagons of respective supporters drew up on the straw-laid ground; with pale blue and white widespread for Alcock and orange and purple displayed for Antrobus, beyond their carriages and among their musicians.
It concluded a show of hands took place, taken to have fallen to Mr Alcock but a poll was, as was habitual, demanded for a week's time.
The women's regu sepak takraw competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok was held from 13 to 17 December at the Indoor Stadium Huamark.
Bland played for the Salt Lake City Stars of the NBA G League after being drafted 15th overall in the D League draft.
In the 2018-19 season, Bland finished ninth in NBL Canada in scoring with 18.8 points per game in addition to 5.9 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game.
Budgam is a town and a notified area committee in Budgam district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Budgam has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 81% of the males and 19% of females literate.
Cazombo is a town with a population of 34,000 (2014), and the municipal seat of Alto Zambeze located in the Moxico province in Angola.
Bach structured the cantata in 14 movements and scored it for four vocal parts and a Baroque orchestra with flutes, oboes and strings.
He led the first performances at the two main churches of Leipzig on 26 December 1734 during morning and vespers services.
Part II of the oratorio begins, in contrast to the other parts, with the instrumental Sinfonia, a concerto of shepherds and angels.
For the principal churches, Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche, the director musices determined which music was to be performed during the services on Sundays and feast days.
On the Second Day of Christmas, 26 December, Leipzig celebrated Christmas in even years and St. Stephen's Day in uneven years, with different readings.
The theme of the first reading is God's mercy appearing in Christ and that of the second the shepherds at the manger.
In 1733, Augustus III of Poland succeeded his father, Augustus the Strong, as Elector of Saxony and took residence in Dresden.
Bach hoped to become court composer, and dedicated his Kyrie–Gloria Mass in B minor, BWV 232 I (early version), to Augustus in 1733.
While Part I of the oratorio covers the birth of Jesus, Part II is focused on the annunciation to the shepherds.
Bach scored it for four vocal soloists, a four-part choir () and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two traversos (Tra), two oboes d'amore (Oa), two oboes da caccia (Oc), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo.
The scene is reflected in two arias, an alto aria anticipating a lullaby for the newborn and a tenor aria calling to run to the manger in joy.
Albert Schweitzer likened the music to a concerto of the shepherds, playing oboes, and the angels playing strings and flute in unison with the first violin.
The movement is a ternary form, ABA', repeating the beginning modified after a middle section, and this a forerunner of the classical sonata form, as Dürr notes.
Each section is in again three groups, taking the analogy to the sonata form further: string music, as a first theme, is followed by oboe music as a second theme and combined music as the closing group.
The absence of a chorus in the first movement signifies the stillness of the nightly scene, giving more weight to the voices to follow.
The shepherds are told that the weak child shall be comfort and joy to them and all (using the first person plural) and will conquer Satan and ultimately bring peace.
Its focus is on the dark stable, expressing amazement that the Almighty, the Virgin's child, rests where a cow had fed.
Using the first person plural, it includes everyone in singing praises with the angels because the long-awaited guest has finally appeared.
The chorale is set in G major, and instrumental motifs between the lines are taken from the opening Sinfonia, confirming the symmetry of the cantata's structure.
With his last breath, Q'in She Huang, the first Emperor of China, entrusts his followers with a sacred task in the year 207 BCE.
About two thousand years later, in the mid 19th century, the descendants of the chosen three watch as Shanghai is invaded by opium traders and missionaries from Europe, America, and the Middle East.
Of them all, two families, locked in a rivalry that lasts for generations, are central to the evolution of the city.
As history marches on, they clash and intertwine with other locals and foreigners, shaping what will become the centrepiece of the new China, the city of Shanghai.
One family is that of Silas Hardoon, an Iraqi Jew at the centre of more than one scandal, marrying his Chinese mistress and later adopting nearly forty neighbourhood orphans.
In 1994, David Rotenberg was invited to direct the first Canadian play to be staged in the People's Republic of China.
The experience led to him beginning what became his second career, writing the Zhong Fong mystery series set primarily in contemporary Shanghai.
The bulk of the novel spans the history of Shanghai from the Opium Wars in the mid-19th century through to the Chinese Communist Revolution roughly a century later, mixing fact and fiction.
Likewise, Rotenberg did not describe the six-week-long Nanking massacre until he learned more about it:I hesitated to write about it for a long, long, time because it is such a largescale human event.
But then I saw a photo exhibit in London about the massacre, where I learned about 18 American missionaries who convinced the Japanese to mark a safe zone in Nanking, and found my way in.
He graduated from Cheyenne Central High School, received a Bachelor of Science degree in zoology from the University of Wyoming, and a Juris Doctor from Sturm College of Law at the University of Denver.
A Democrat, he was a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1979 to 1984 and a member of the Wyoming Senate from 1985 to 1988.
The Nativity painting illustrates a nocturnal scene, wherein the splendorous newborn Jesus lies in his mother's arms, and illuminates up the surrounding faces of adoring shepherds, men and women, and children.
It is likely the painting was acquired as part of the ‘Camuccini Collection’, a gallery of 74 paintings acquired by Algernon, 4th Duke, from Rome in 1856.
The term Pax Austriaca, sometimes Pax Habsburgica, has been used by scholars to describe the imperial ideology of the House of Habsburg, also known as House of Austria.
The Archduke Frederick III is credited as the initiator of the ideology as he was the first Habsburg to be elected Holy Roman Emperor, and coined the motto A.E.I.O.U.
The Peace of Westphalia ended the universal aspirations of the Habsburg Monarchy and put an end to the possibility of a Pax Austriaca, although the term has also been used to describe later policies of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary.
The Pakistan Film Journalists Association was formed at a meeting of the film journalists of Pakistan on 5th April 1968, after the independence of Bangladesh.
But after the independence war of Bangladesh, Bachsas offers awards to stars of different stages of Bangladesh's film production every year.
The Bachsas Film Award from the next 5-Year release was presented on April 5th in 2019 edition of the prize distribution at a portion of Bachsa's Golden Jubilee Festival.
The categories of the awards were Best film (production), direction, story, screenplay, dialogue, leading and supporting actor, leading and supporting actress, music direction, male and female playback singers, camera work, editing and sound recording.
The Board members are from different walks of the society like Social Worker, Government officers, Educationist, Journalists, film maker, Film producer, Actor-Actress, Poet etc.
The 2019-20 Brown Bears Men's ice hockey season was the 103rd season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
Constantine Dragash is the grandfather of the last Roman emperor (Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos) and at the same time the great-great-grandfather of the first Russian tsar (Ivan the Terrible).
In Ottoman times the city was the Ottoman military capital in Europe , and during the First World War - the Bulgarian military capital.
The city, especially because of its historical significance, was specially visited by the first person to take off in space - Yuri Gagarin.
A Thracian settlement was founded at the place of the modern town in the 5th-4th centuries BC and was known for its asclepion, a shrine dedicated to medicine god Asclepius (the second largest in the Balkans, after the one in Epidaurus).
Dentheletae in the period 186 BC - 16 BC are allied to the Romans and assist in the conquest of neighboring Macedonia by the Romans, fighting against Perseus of Macedon.
In 55 BC in the famous speech of Cicero before the Roman Senate against Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 58 BC), who is still governor of Macedonia (57-55 BC), criticizes the Roman governor of Macedonia that by his unwise policy made the Dentheletae of Rome's most loyal subjects into the most eminent enemies.
In the reign of Hadrian, the people both of Pautalia and Serdica added Ulpia to the name of their town, probably in consequence of some benefit received from that emperor.
From the end of the 2nd century to the beginning of the 3rd century Pautalia cut his bronze coins (more than 900 species have been found so far) with testimonials on them and on the emperors Septimius Severus with Julia Domna and Caracalla.
In the Razmetanitsa locality, east of the town, were located the father lands of Cometopuli dynasty, and in Tsarichina (locality) /Palatovo/ - the summer residence of Tsar Samuil.
It became a major religious and administrative centre of the Byzantine Empire, and subsequently the Second Bulgarian Empire after Kaloyan conquered the area between 1201 and 1203.
It was a kaza centre in the Sofia sanjak of Danube Province until the creation of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878.
In May 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Emperor Charles I of Austria was here, and on September 9, 1918, the Bavarian King Ludwig III of Bavaria.
He was treated between October 1916 and March 1917 at a military hospital in the city during his service on the Macedonian front, to which the 11th Army, composed mainly of Bavarians, was deployed.
Regional Institute of Education, Mysore (formerly Regional College of Education) is an educational institution and South Indian regional resource center of NCERT.
It was enacted to improve school education by providing training to young education enthusiasts before teaching service (pre-service) and also provide timely training to working teachers (in-service).
RIE Mysore provides its educational services to south Indian states of Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana and union territories of Pondicherry and Lakshadweep.
In-service courses provided by RIE Mysore is affiliated to state university, University of Mysore and all the courses are recognized my National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE).
RIE Mysore, founded in 1963, is one of the five such institutions established by National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
Even though all four institutes is under the direct administration of NCERT, the courses offered are affiliated to universities near by.
Dean of Instruction and Administrative officer work under the head and regulate the academic activities and administrative activities of the institute.
Apart from the undergraduate and post graduate courses, a higher secondary school called Demonstration school also works inside the campus which serves the institute to carry out innovative researches in education and also helps prospective teachers to observe, learn and practice teaching.
It is equipped with a number of laboratories for different subjects, apart from that it also has a state of the art computer lab.
It has two EDUSAT terminal, a branch of SBI Bank, Four conference room and a health clinic with two resident doctors.
Settlement blocs (sometimes referred to as consensus settlements) is term used to refer to those Israeli settlements and territory around them considered candidates to be retained by Israel in any peace agreement.
Palestinian leaders have accepted the principle of swaps although neither they nor the United States have ever agreed on a delineation of the blocs.
At Camp David, Israel offered to establish a sovereign Palestinian state encompassing the Gaza Strip, 92 percent of the West Bank (91 percent of the West Bank plus the equivalent of 1 percent of the West Bank in land from pre-1967 Israel), and some parts of Arab East Jerusalem.
The Palestinians used a total area of 5,854 square kilometers whereas Israel excluded the area known as No Man's Land (50 sq.
As part of the Annapolis plan, Olmert proposed annexing all the major settlement blocs (about 5.9 percent of the West Bank territory), in exchange for 5.2 percent of Israeli territory whereas Abbas proposed giving Israel 1.6 percent of the West Bank in exchange for 2 percent of Israeli territory.
Meeting with EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini, Netanyahu voices willingness for the first time since taking office to discuss size of settlement blocs and their borders with Palestinians.
In a report using data through 2015, Haaretz, without specifying how it had defined settlement blocs, gave the total number of settlers in blocs in the West Bank (excluding East Jerusalem) as 214,459 (56% of 382,916) located in 19 (of 125) settlements (excluding outposts).
Speaking at a public conference on December 8, 2019, Netanyahu said:I think the time has come to extend Israeli sovereignty over the Jordan Valley, and also arrange the status of all the settlements in Judea and Samaria, those inside the settlement blocks, and those that are not in the blocs.
In a historic pro-democracy landslide in 2019 District Council election, the group won a total of four seats in the Tuen Mun District Council.
The group was formed in 2015 as a Tuen Mun-based community group by a group of young people in their 20s to early 30s.
It was notable for their involvement in revealing the scandal of the high repairing cost of the elevators in Leung King Estate and a protest caused by hawkers issue in 2016.
It was part of the Community Network Union, a localist political alliance of six community groups led by pro-independence Ventus Lau.
In 2017, it organised more than 13,000 people signing a petition demanding pro-Beijing legislator Junius Ho who was a member Tuen Mun District Council to resign over his remarks on killing independence advocates.
In the 2019 anti-extradition bill protests, the group also arranged coaches to drive residents to Hong Kong Island to join the June 9 protest.
Tuen Mun Community Network filled five candidates in the 2019 District Council election, with Poon Chi-kin in Tsui Hing, Wong Tan-ching in Shan King, Law Cheuk-yung in King Hing, Tsang Chun-hing in Hing Tsak and Wong Tak-yuen in Leung King.
Four of the five candidates were elected in the pro-democracy historic landslide victory except for Law Cheuk-yung who lost in King Hing, which saw the pro-democrats gaining control of the Tuen Mun District Council and the group becoming the third largest grouping.
The following is the list of squads that took part in the men's water polo tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
In 1833 he was enrolled in the London Orphan Asylum, after leaving which, he apprenticed with London bookbinders Remnant and Edmonds.
In December 1843 be emigrated to Brooklyn, New York where he would marry Julia Elizabeth Marle, daughter of bookbinder William Marle.
Where more than one player won his first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
McLean served as a member of the Boise City Council from 2011 to 2019, and as council president starting in 2017.
from the University of Notre Dame in 1997 and a Master of Public Administration in environmental policy from Boise State University in 2001.
McLean was a candidate in the 2019 Boise mayoral election, running against incumbent Dave Bieter, former mayor H. Brent Coles, and others.
Since neither Bieter nor McLean had surpassed the 50 percent vote threshold required to claim victory, the two competed in a runoff election held on December 3, 2019.
McLean is the first woman elected to the office, and the second to serve as Boise mayor after Carolyn Terteling-Payne, who served briefly on an interim basis from 2003 to 2004.
As a true freshman at UCF in 2017, Davis played in and started all 13 games, recording 27 receptions for 391 yards and four touchdowns.
As a sophomore in 2018, he started 12 of 13 games and had 53 receptions for 815 yards and seven touchdowns.
The Billabong Pipe Masters 2019 was the 11th and final event of the Men's Championship Tour in the 2019 World Surf League.
It took place from 9 to 19 December at the Banzai Pipeline in Oahu, Hawaii, and was contested by 36 surfers.
The top two surfers in each heat advance directly to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer in each heat enters the Elimination Round.
In each of the four heats in the Elimination Round, the top two surfers advance to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer is eliminated from the competition.
From the Round of 32 onwards, the competition follows a single elimination format, with the winner of each head-to-head heat advancing to the next round and the loser being eliminated.
Married to Blasina Tobar Finch in 1843, he was the father of future Colombian president Miguel Antonio Caro as well as future first lady Margarita Caro Tobar, the wife of another president Carlos Holguin Mallarino.
It was the last of the sixteen affiliates of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB) to be established, because of difference of opinion between the communist-influenced construction union in the British occupation zone, members of the South Baden and Bavarian union who would have preferred to remain independent, and restrictions on unions in the French occupation zone.
All the initial executive members of the union had been prominent trade unionists in Weimar Germany, and as a result they had the highest average age of executive members of any DGB affiliate.
The union established the Beneficial Vacation Fund for the Construction Sector, and membership grew through the post-war need for reconstruction, although there were some downward pressures on wages from exiles from East Germany moving to the West.
The union became more active under Georg Leber's leadership, from 1957, although he controversially argued that wage increases should be linked to productivity growth.
He also argued for an Advantage Equilisation Fund, whereby non-unionised construction workers would pay for training, scholarships and rest facilities, to benefit everyone in the industry.
Under the leadership of Rudolf Sperner, from 1966, the union was less prominent, but despite several recessions, it increased its membership to a record peak in 1981.
Spencer has worked closely with many well-known American celebrities, including Ashton Kutcher, Tyra Banks, Taylor Swift, Jennifer Lopez, and Will Smith.
That same year, she also gained media attention when she called Adam Pally a bully for his stunt at the Shorty Awards.
Located near Krishnarajapuram railway station on Old Madras Road, the junction witnesses high traffic congestion and is one of the worst traffic bottlenecks in the city.
The junction connects the Outer Ring Road IT cluster of Mahadevapura–Marathahalli–Bellandur with areas along the National Highway 44 such as Hebbal.
In 2019, Government of Karnataka announced that a flyover would be constructed at the junction which would connect the Outer Ring Road cable bridge with Benniganahalli Flyover.
A plan to build a double-decked Metro-cum-flyover corridor at the junction was dropped, after BMRCL found the proposal to be infeasible.
Julius P. Molnar (February 23, 1916 – January 11, 1973) was an American physicist who served as the fourth president of Sandia Corporation (a subsidiary of Bell Labs which managed the Sandia Laboratory).
He joined Bell Labs in 1945, where he served in a variety of technical and management roles, including Director of Electron Tube Development (1955) and Director of Military Systems (1957).
From October 1958 to August 1960, he served as president of Sandia Corporation (which managed the Sandia Laboratory) and vice president of Western Electric (a subsidiary of Bell Labs).
The 2019-20 Yale Bulldogs Men's ice hockey season was the 125th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The suit alleges that CNN reported that Nunes traveled to Vienna in December 2018, and met with Viktor Shokin, the former Ukrainian prosecutor general, about investigating Joe Biden.
Nontrigonal pnictogen compounds refer to tricoordinate trivalent pnictogen (phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth: P, As, Sb and Bi) compounds that are not of typical trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.
By virtue of their geometric constraint, these compounds exhibit distinct electronic structures and reactivities, which bestow on them potential to provide unique nonmetal platforms for bond cleavage reactions.
The first examples of nontrigonal pnictogen compound were synthesized by Arduengo and co-workers in 1984, through condensation of a diketoamine with a phosphorus trihalide in the presence of base.
Other synthetic methods involve deprotonation of OH or NH groups in the presence of ECl (E=P, As, Sb and Bi), salt metathesis or reduction of pentavalent pnictogen compounds.
The molecular structures of nontrigonal pnictogen compounds reveal the steric strain in these molecules, and significantly differing bond angles at the pnictogen atoms indicate a considerable distortion of the coordination spheres.
In particular, the geometry at the central part of these compounds deviate strongly from traditional pnictogen compounds, and indicate molecular strain with an approach to a T-type molecular configuration.
The flattened geometry of these molecules influences the relatively low energetic barriers for inversion of the configuration via planar coordinated pnictogen atoms in the transition state.
Results of quantum chemical calculations confirm that in these compounds, the lone pair of electrons at the pnictogen atoms is localized in orbitals with relatively high s-character.
From these results, only weak nucleophilicity was derived in accordance with some experimental observations such as the inertness towards benzyl bromide.
The LUMO is delocalized but has important contributions from pnictogen empty p orbitals, which should favor a nucleophilic attack of substrates at this position in accordance with experimental findings.
Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis reveals an s-type lone pair and a p-type lone pair at the metal, with the remaining two p orbitals being involved in one two-center-two-electron bond and one three-center-two-electron bond.
Although considerable Bi(I) character is indicated for the Bi compound, it exhibits reactivity similar to Bi(III) electrophiles, and expresses either a vacant or a filled p orbital at Bi.
From these results, two types of resonance structures can be drawn, one with a filled s-orbital and a vacant p orbital at the pnictogen center, the other one with negative charge on pnictogen, arising from the redox-non-innocent nature of the ligand.
These easily available and sterically constrained compounds are potentially suitable for an application in a wide variety of secondary processes such as small molecule activation or the generation of new catalysts based on main-group and transition-metal elements.
Since the LUMOs of nontrigonal pnictogen compounds consist mainly of the vacant p orbitals of the pnictogen nuclei, they could undergo one-electron reduction to afford radical anions if the energy levels of LUMOs are appropriate.
The oxidation of nontrigonal phosphorus compounds and transfer of halogen molecules to the phosphorus atoms to generate phosphoranes with phosphorus atoms in an oxidation state of +5 was achieved by various synthetic procedures.
These dihalides are promising starting materials and potentially applicable for the generation of numerous secondary products, but only few reactions have been reported so far in the literature.
These sterically constrained phosphorus compounds show remarkable reactivity towards protic reagents such as primary amines and alcohols, which results in intermolecular oxidative addition of these O−H and N−H bonds.
Two mechanisms have been suggested for the understanding of the unusual insertion of phosphorus atoms into polar X−H bonds by oxidative addition.
Up to now, several complexes have been successfully synthesized, but they have not yet been applied in secondary processes, such as catalytic cycles.
It is worth noting that, apart from direct metalation of this ligand with RuCl(PPh), metalation with a ruthenium hydride compound RuHCl(CO)(PPh) yields a complex with net insertion into the Ru−H bond.
These ligands, along with recent developments for higher valent states of Sb ligands, may possess rich potential in the field of catalysis and sensing.
Jumbe-Souli inherited the throne of the island of Moheli (Mwali) after the death of her father, King Ramanateka, also known as Sultan Abderahmane.
When the missionary David Griffiths returned to Moheli in 1841, expecting to meet her father he in fact found his young daughter Jumbe-Souli on the throne.
In 1863, the French government sent a delegation to meet with Queen Jumbe-Souli and the event was recorded by a visiting photographer Désiré Charnay.
The purpose of the visit had been to impress upon the young queen the advantages of becoming a French colony; she resisted.
Jumbe-Souli lived in the palace, overlooking the sea, next to which was the garrison - a white building of two rooms, which held 28 soldiers.
Queen Jumbe-Souli's date of death is uncertain, but in 1886, Mohéli was placed under French protection by its ruler, Salima Machamba.
In 1360–1364 he was governor of the island of Lemnos, and then of Thessalonica, until his death from the plague sometime before August 1368.
He had estates on Lemnos, some of which were inherited by his son, Michael Synadenos Astras (died 1400), and others which were granted to the Athonite monasteries of Great Lavra, Vatopedi, and Dionysiou.
The Chemical, Paper and Ceramic Union () was a trade union representing chemical, oil refinery, paper, rubber, ceramics, glass and plastics workers in Germany.
While the German Factory Workers' Confederation, dissolved by the Nazis in 1933, was seen as the forerunner of the union, IG Chemie was established on 14 October 1948.
The third largest affiliate of the German Trade Union Confederation for much of its history, the union initially struggled with Allied attempts to limit the chemicals industry in West Germany.
However, from 1958 it began seeing wage increases for its members above the rate of inflation, and also saw major successes in health and safety.
During the 1960s, it was seen as a radical, left-wing union, but by the 1970s, it was associated with the right-wing of the union movement, and criticised for its top-down approach.
The following year, it merged with the Union of Mining and Energy and the Leather Union, to form IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie.
Fernande de Mertens was the fifth of six children of the baron Edouard Mertens and his wife Sophie Lambertine Woelfling, and Fernande was thus a baroness herself.
The couple had a dedicated studio at the Boulevard de la Corderie in Marseille, where she taught the use of pastel – a popular technique at the time for young girls of respected background.
Although her father Edouard and his three brothers had a total of fourteen children among them, there were no grandchildren for the Mertens nobility; the last known bearer of the name and title died in 1926, not long after Fernande's own death.
The Provençal painters of the late 19th and early 20th century, favouring subjects from the Provence region, are often referred to as the Provençal School, with Fernande de Mertens being one of their few female painters.
Aside from pastel, in which she has produced primarily female portraits, she also worked with oil, producing portraits as well as genre scenes.
Starting from 1879, her paintings have been exhibited in Paris as well, including in the Paris Salon, where she has presented at least 13 paintings between 1879 and 1900, primarily portraits.
Many portraits were of Marseille locals, and known or attributed portraits include one she painted of the painter Alfred Casile, of Gabriel Fabre, and of her husband Pierre Jean.
A portrait of her mother, presented in 1882, received a gold medal at Nîmes the next year, the same year her mother died; following this, the portrait would remain in Mertens' own private possession.
In 1884, her work received an honorable mention at the Paris Salon, and between 1886 and 1897, most of her contributions have received illustrations in the Salon's catalogue.
Among others, her works are now in the collections of Musée Ziem in Martigues and Musée des Beaux-Arts as well as Musée Cantini in Marseille.
He started all 11 games he played in, missing two due to injury, and rushed for 734 yards on 117 carries with four touchdowns.
Alexander M. Feskov (born 17 February 1959 in Alchevsk, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian physician, reproductive scientist, and ultrasonographer who specialises in reproductive technology and fertility treatment.
He is a member of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), and is also a member of the board of Ukrainian Association of Reproductive Medicine.
Born in Alchevsk, Ukraine, Feskov was an intern in obstetrics and gynecology at the 1st City Clinical Hospital in Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Feskov is currently based in Kharkiv, Ukraine as the founder and manager of Feskov Human Reproduction Group, one of Ukraine's largest and most notable surrogacy agencies.
The organization is the national federation for all sports within Niue and represents the country at the Commonwealth Games, making its debut at the Manchester 2002.
During the 2015 Pacific Games, the nation won a silver medal at the Female Lawn Bowls event and Individual BodyBuilding +100kg Male event.
In March 1949, when her family temporary moved to Racine, Wisconsin, she would take art classes, and eventually volunteer, at the Wustum Museum at the age of 9.
During her time in Arizona, she worked at the school's museum, and decided to continue to pursue museum work as a career.
In 1962, Barbara Brown Lee searched for museum positions in New York, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Upon returning to Milwaukee, she met with Tracey Atkinson, the director of the Milwaukee Art Center, which would later become the Milwaukee Art Museum.
Barbara began to learn the collection as a curatorial assistant, until February 15, 1967 when the Head of Adult Education at the Milwaukee Art Museum, Franny Lee, died.
During her career, Barbara Brown Lee oversaw the development and implementation of educational programming that the Milwaukee Art Museum still facilitates today.
Barbara helped to start the Milwaukee Art Museum's Junior Docent School Program in 1977 in partnership with the Golda Meir School.
In 2019, this program was offered to 52 schools from third to fifth grade, and involves multiple visits to the museum during that time to train students as if they were docents or curators.
In the 1980s, Barbara Brown Lee implemented the Satellite Art Program in association with the art program for Milwaukee Public Schools.
In this program, students interested in a career in art would come to the Milwaukee Museum of Art every weekday for a semester, which was sometimes extended to a year.
Participants in the Satellite Art Program could utilize the Milwaukee Museum of Art's collection to learn skills necessary for a career in art.The program was recognized by the Getty Center for Education in the Arts as an example of Disciplinary Based Art Education.
Robert R. L. Guillard (February 5, 1921 - September 25, 2016) was a scientist that contributions to the fields of aquaculture, oceanography, and phycology.
In 1982, he moved to Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences where he helped establish the Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP).
Tămaș played in 216 Divizia A matches and scored 16 goals for FC Bihor, being the captain of the team in one of its greatest times.
LaRochelle currently lives in Montreal, where they are pursuing a bachelor's degree in Design and Computation Arts with a minor in Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality at Concordia University.
LaRochelle has exhibited their work prolifically in Montreal, including at artist-run centre Articule, at Concordia's Milieux Institute for Arts, Culture and Technology and as part of Pop Montreal.
They have also exhibited internationally in Austria, the Netherlands, the UK and the U.S., including at Somerset House in London and Onomatopee Projects in Eindhoven.
LaRochelle has cited the lasting impact of personal memories on their perceptions towards places and Sara Ahmed's ideas on queerness as an orientation towards space as influences behind the project.
In February 2018, a cyberattack generating pins with comments in support of U.S. president Donald Trump forced LaRochelle to take down the site, relaunching it in April 2018.
They have given numerous lectures and workshops on and around the project in Canada, the Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Switzerland and the U.S., including at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York, the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus's School of Architecture in San Juan and the OTHERWISE festival in Zurich.
The 1949 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1949 college football season.
In their 14th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10–0–1 record (6–0–1 against SWAC opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 405 to 65.
Carson is most famous as the chief engineer for the Tremont Street subway, which was begun in March 1895 and completed in September 1897.
In 1909 he resigned from the Boston Transit Commission and then served as a consultant for several engineering projects, including the construction of the New York subway and a two-track railway tunnel under the Detroit River.
Unlike other accolades about the art form, the AFI Awards acknowledge the film and television productions deemed culturally and artistically representative of the year's most significant achievements in the art of the moving image.
She is a professor in the department of psychology at the Université de Montréal in Quebec, Canada, recognized for her contributions to the field of addictions.
She earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree from the Université de Montréal, and a doctorate from the Université du Québec à Montréal.
Her research program has focused on issues associated with women's drug use; mental health issues associated with drug dependence; and the epidemiology of alcohol consumption.
The 2019–20 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team represents the University of Virginia during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Cavaliers, are led by second year head coach Tina Thompson, and play their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members the Atlantic Coast Conference.
The stable was formed at the SuperFight event on February 2, 2019 when Fatu and Samael made their MLW debut and formed their alliance with Gotch by attacking his opponent Ace Romero.
The group made its televised debut at Intimidation Games and dominated MLW roster throughout the year, becoming the top villainous group of the company.
The group cemented its dominance over MLW when Fatu won the World Heavyweight Championship at Kings of Colosseum on July 6, 2019.
In January 2019, Warbeast members Fatu and Sheik signed a contract with Major League Wrestling and MLW announced on its website that Jacob Fatu would make his MLW debut at SuperFight.
Sheik was repackaged as Josef Samael and he and Fatu made their MLW debut in a non-televised match by defeating local wrestlers Chico Adams and Kwame Nas at SuperFight.
The pair made its televised debut at Intimidation Games by attacking Tom Lawlor after he retained the MLW World Heavyweight Championship against Low Ki in a steel cage match.
Fatu entered the titular match at the Battle Riot II on April 5, where Contra poured gas on various participants, which led to them being disqualified from the match.
Later at that episode, Contra Unit attacked Low Ki as well as Tom Lawlor for the third time after Lawlor's successful title defense against Avalanche.
Lawlor enlisted the help of Ross Von Erich and Marshall Von Erich to feud with Contra Unit as the team of Lawlor and Von Erichs defeated Contra Unit in a six-man tag team match.
The feud between Lawlor and Contra Unit intensified, which set up a match between Fatu and Lawlor for the World Heavyweight Championship at Kings of Colosseum on July 6, which Fatu won, thus capturing the title and cementing Contra Unit's dominance over MLW.
The rivalry continued between Contra Unit and the team of Lawlor and Von Erichs, leading up to a War Chamber match at the namesake event.
Contra Unit would lose to Low Ki, Lawlor and Von Erichs in the titular match at War Chamber to settle the rivalry.
Contra Unit's next feud was against Salina de la Renta's stable Promociones Dorado, which began after LA Park decided to cash in his Golden Ticket opportunity by winning the Battle Riot against Jacob Fatu for the World Heavyweight Championship at MLW's first-ever pay-per-view Saturday Night SuperFight on November 2.
She is recognized for her contributions to the fields of soft matter and biomechanics and is a 2016 Cottrell Scholar, a distinction given to top early career academic scientists by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement (RCSA).
in physics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and her Ph.D. in soft condensed matter physics research under the guidance of Itai Cohen at Cornell University.
She met Joe Bensing, a gas station employee from Oklahoma, when she was seventeen years old and soon became pregnant with his child.
Prior to their relationship, Bensing was convicted multiple times as a child molester and kidnapper and continued to violate his probation throughout their marriage.
In 1968, her mother forced her into a mental institution due to her stress from her chaotic marriage, but she escaped soon after and never went back.
When she was twenty-two years old, she sought out a lawyer to help her get a divorce and gain custody of her two children in foster care.
She discovered the Atlanta Legal Aid Office and was introduced to an ACLU lawyer named Margie Pitts Hames when she was pregnant with her fourth child.
Other stories claim that Cano purposely went to the Atlanta Legal Aid to file for a divorce alongside an abortion on March 25, 1970, at the Grady Memorial Hospital, the only nearby hospital where impoverished people could receive free abortions.
The law stated that women who wanted an abortion needed to consult their primary doctor, two other doctors, and the hospital's committee.
It also limited abortion to residents of Georgia who had evidence of carrying deformed fetuses, health-risking pregnancies, and being victims of rape.
Cano, afraid that she would be forced to have the abortion, fled to Oklahoma until her mother and Hames assured her that she would not have to abort the child.
Hames's second claim was that the abortion law of Georgia did not have the right to override women's decisions to have an abortion.
Finally, Hames argued that Georgia's abortion law negatively impacted medical professionals and marginalized women, as abortions were only allowed to be performed in state approved hospitals.
This limited the number of hospitals women could receive abortions at, which infringed on the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Despite Hames' argument, Cano did not fully understand the events of the case, and Hames instructed Cano to only spectate the proceedings.
Cano stated feeling manipulated by Hames because she was used to be a plaintiff in a case that supported a view on abortion that she disagreed on, especially by a lawyer who was assisting her in a vulnerable stage in her life.
In 2007, she and 180 other women who had previous experiences with abortion worked alongside the Justice Foundation to file a Friend of the Court Brief at the Supreme Court in support of a federal ban on partial birth abortion.
Taking into account the women's claims on struggle after abortion, including depression and low self-esteem, the Court recognized Cano as pro-life, reversing her reputation from her case.
In 2014, Cano worked to support North Dakota's ban on abortions at the point of a noticeable heartbeat, or six weeks, by speaking to the States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Cano was able to reconnect with her daughter, Melissa Able, in 1989, who was 19 years old with a husband and child at the time.
They wanted the Bush administration to elect pro-life members of the judicial branch who would change the Constitution's stance on abortion.
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy and Chief of Staff for the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs.
Daigle had several jobs before entering the Foreign Sevice including working for an environmental non-governmental organization (Executive Director of the Louisiana Environmental Action Network), a construction company, an English teacher in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, a Regional Corporate Trainer for Hibernia National Bank in Baton Rouge and as an entertainer and facilitator of professional development programs at Disney World for seven years., Daigle joined the Service in 1999.
In the spring of 2014, Daigle was assigned to be the top public affairs officer in the U.S. embassy in China but backed out of the position shortly before he was to begin language training.
The Department could not guarantee they would be able to assist his husband, Matt Cuenca-Daigle, stay with Daigle on the multi year tour in Beijing.
It was issued in many editions, with parts of the original text expurgated to suit prevailing morality, such as his advice about contraception.
Portrait of a Man with a Glove or Portrait of a Man Holding a Glove is a 1650 painting by Frans Hals, now in the Hermitage Museum.
It was previously owned by Frederick the Great, who sent it to Catherine the Great as part of a batch of paintings in lieu of paying off several debts to Russia.
The game was distributed exclusively in Japan by Taito in 1993 on two variations; a standard upright variant and a deluxe variant.
The 1993 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 24-31 July 1993 at the Leicester Velodrome.
The Championships were organised by the British Cycling Federation and for the first time in its history became 'Open', meaning professional and amateur cyclists competed in the same event.
This is a list of World Championships medalists in sailing in the radio sailing classes recognised by the International Radio Sailing Association and World Sailing.
After completing her bachelor's degree, she started medical school at the UPR Medical Sciences Campus were she spent three years before changing into graduate studies.
Ramirez currently runs mentorship program for undergraduate alumni where she trains them in order for them to have a teaching experience.
Musa's fief of Arzen was the capital of the district of Arzanene, which in turn was held to belong to the Jaziran sub-province of Diyar Bakr.
In common with other Arab leaders in Armenia, Musa married the sister of a Christian Armenian prince, Bagrat II Bagratuni, whose province of Taron bordered Musa's own domain of Arzanene.
His ties to the powerful Bagratuni prince certainly strengthened Musa's own position against other rivals, both Christian and Muslim, but it did not stop him from developing a certain enmity towards Bagrat and taking up arms against him.
Thus, when the Abbasid governor, Abu Sa'id Muhammad al-Marwazi, sought to reduce the power and autonomy of the Armenian princes, that had grown greatly during the previous years, he chose Musa and another local Arab lord, al-Ala ibn Ahmad al-Azdi.
The Armenian armies faced and defeated Musa near the capital of Taron, Mush, and pursued him until Baghesh, stopping only after the entreaties of Musa's wife, the sister of Bagrat.
At this time, Abu Sa'id invaded Armenia with his own army, but died on the way, and was succeeded by his son Yusuf.
The latter managed to capture Bagrat and sent him as a prisoner to the Abbasid capital Samarra, but he was later attacked and killed by the inhabitants of Khoyt in early 852.
Musa appears to have joined the Armenian uprising at some point; Bugha also accused him of having been involved in the murder of Yusuf.
In order to safeguard his domain against the Shaybanids, he allied himself closely with the Artsruni, marrying an Artsruni princess and even secretly converting to Christianity.
In he was taken prisoner by the ambitious Shaybanid ruler of Diyar Bakr, Ahmad ibn Isa al-Shaybani, who annexed the Zurarid domains.
Francis Henry Shell (2 January 1912–1988) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Aston Villa and Mansfield Town.
One previous specimen had been collected in 1970 by a DSIR Entomology Division expedition, and lodged in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.
Its body is just over 15 mm (females) and 11–12 mm (males), and is reddish-brown with four long yellow stripes on each wing cover.
In the 2011–12 season, Espérance Sportive de Tunis is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 58th season, as well as the Tunisian Cup.
As a true freshman at Notre Dame in 2017, Kmet played in all 13 games and had two receptions for 14 yards.
In November, he announced that he would return to Notre Dame for his senior season rather than enter the 2020 NFL Draft.
On January 2, 2020, Kmet announced he will forgo his senior season at Notre Dame and will enter the 2020 NFL Draft.
Giovanni Michelazzi (Rome, 11 July 1879 - San Domenico di Fiesole, 22 August 1920) was an Italian architect and one of the most important exponents of the Liberty style (Art Nouveau) in Tuscany.
Born in Rome, he left the capital at an early age to move to Lucca and, later, to Florence, where he graduated in architecture in July 1901.
Michelazzi is the architect who is responsible for all the major Art Nouveau architecture in Florence, but due to Art Nouveau's extreme unpopularity in the subsequent decades, some of his buildings were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s.
Only in the last fsixty years has his work received scholarly attention, so much so now that critics have given it a prominent place in Italian architecture of the twentieth century.
His appearance as an architect on the Florentine scene dates back to 1902-03 with an intervention of initially little importance but which became highly suggestive of the future direction of his design methods in the Tuscan strand of Art Nouveau.
It consisted of the addition to a traditional villa located in the nineteenth-century Viale del Poggio Imperiale in Florence of an iron and glass canopy, a new portal, and the complete overhaul of the balcony above, adding concrete uprights that attach to the wall with soft plasticity.
With this small intervention Michelazzi clearly revealed the origins of his architectural language--that is, the French and Belgian Art Nouveau--with the delicate decorative elements emerging from a firm masonry structure.
1911 represented the peak of activity for Michelazzi with the realization of his masterpiece, the Casa-Galleria Vichi with its tall, narrow façade in the center of Florence.
It was also, however, a turning point for his aesthetic vocabulary away from Art Nouveau, as seen in the Baroncelli villa in via Duprè from 1914, and continued with the Renaissance-revival style used for the house on via Giovanni Prati in 1915.
He took his own life at just 41 years, on the night of 21–22 August 1920, in front of the Badia Fiesolana, in the San Domenico di Fiesole area, after losing custody of his child to his wife at the time of their separation.
Incidentally, the same area in January 1901 had been the site of the death of Swiss painter and graphic designer Arnold Böcklin, who had bought a villa there in 1895, which had served as an inspiration for Michelazzi himself.
Sotiriou made his first team debut for Orient as a substitute in the goalless draw with Dagenham & Redbridge in the FA Cup Fourth Qualifying Round on 14 October 2017.
On 4 November, he appeared as a late substitute for Zain Westbrooke in the 2–1 defeat at Gillingham in the FA Cup First Round.
He joined Heybridge Swifts on a month's loan in December 2017, scoring on his debut in the 3–3 draw at Waltham Abbey on 30 December.
Again he scored on his debut, opening the scoring in the second minute of Leatherhead's 4–1 win at Hendon on 30 January.
At the end of October, he made a fourth loan move, this time to National League South club Chelmsford City, where he made two appearances.
On 22 February 2019, Sotiriou went on a month's loan to Hampton & Richmond Borough, which was later extended until the end of the season.
He scored six goals in nine appearances for Hampton, including both goals in the 2–1 win at home to Wealdstone on 13 April.
His debut came in the FA Cup First Round tie at home to EFL League One side Southend United on 10 November.
Coming on as an 81st minute substitute for Steven Rigg, Sotiriou scored the only goal of the game three minutes later.
Returning to Orient on 28 November, Sotiriou came on as a second-half substitute for Conor Wilkinson in the EFL Trophy Second Round match at Bristol Rovers on 4 December.
Sotiriou made his Football League debut on 26 December 2019, coming on as a second half substitute for Dan Happe, and scoring in the 3–1 home defeat to Colchester United.
He was the son of Musa ibn Zurara, the first known Zurarid lord of Arzen, and the sister of a Christian Armenian prince, Bagrat II Bagratuni, whose province of Taron bordered Musa's own domain of Arzen.
In order to safeguard his domain against the Shaybanids who dominated the district of Diyar Bakr, he allied himself closely with the other powerful Armenian dynasty, the Artsruni of Vaspurakan, marrying an Artsruni princess and even secretly converting to Christianity.
At the same time, he remained formally a subordinate of the Shaybanid ruler of Diyar Bakr, Isa ibn al-Shaykh, and had to support him in his conflicts.
Thus, when Isa was appointed as governor of Palestine in December 866, it was Abu'l-Maghra who was sent to Ramla to take over the administration as Isa's deputy.
In both Isa and Abu'l-Maghra allied with other local potentates, such as the local Kharijites under a certain Ishaq ibn Ayyub and the Taghlibi chieftain Hamdan ibn Hamdun, against the ambitions of the Turk Ishaq ibn Kundajiq, who ruled Mosul and had ambitions to govern all of the Jazira.
This coalition managed to defeat Ibn Kundajiq, but the latter's position was soon bolstered by receiving appointment by the Caliph as governor of Diyar Rabi'a and Armenia (879/80).
This time, Ibn Kundajiq was victorious in a battle fought in April/May 881, driving his opponents before him to Amid, which he left under siege.
A few inconclusive skirmishes followed, and the situation was not resolved by the time of Isa's death in 882/3, as Ibn Kundajiq became involved in the Abbasid efforts to recover Syria from the Tulunids.
In he was taken prisoner by the ambitious son of Isa ibn al-Shaykh, Ahmad, who imprisoned Abu'l-Maghra and annexed the Zurarid domains.
Ro-66 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
The mountains are the highest in the south-east region and is part of the much larger Cardamom Mountains, stretching well into Cambodia.
While the southern parts forms the small Khao Khitchakut National Park, most of the range is part of the Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary.
The sanctuary is known as a particularly good spot for watching butterflies, but other insects, such as dragonflies are also here in both abundance and diversity.
Close to all (85%) of the forest in Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary is monsoon evergreen forest, but patches of decideous forest and bamboo thickets are also to be found.
Immediately south of, and connected to, the Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, is the small Khao Khitchakut National Park comprising no more than 59 km².
He was an aircraft technician and a member of the famed group of World War II-era African-Americans known as the Tuskegee Airmen.
DeFour joined the Air Corps in 1942, and after completing basic training he was assigned to the 366th Air Service Squadron, and stationed in Italy in 1943.
One month before his death (November 2018), DeFour appeared in Harlem for a ceremony renaming the local post office branch in Harlem, New York.
DeFour had been receiving at home care, and a care provider found him in the bathroom of his Fifth Avenue apartment in Harlem, New York at 9 a.m.
Surratt grew up in Lincolnton, North Carolina and attended Lincolnton High School, where he played football and basketball and was an All-Conference selection in each of his four seasons in both sports.
As a redshirt freshman, Surratt was the Demon Deacons second leading receiver with 41 receptions for 581 yards and four touchdowns.
He started the first game of his collegiate career and was named the Atlantic Coast Conference Rookie of the Week after cathing 11 passes for 150 yards against Tulane.
He was named the ACC Receiver of the Week in four out of the first eight weeks of the season and was the first player from a Power Five conference to accumulate 1,000 receiving yards.
Of these, 88.2% spoke Belarusian, 9.2% Yiddish, 0.8% Russian, 0.8% Latvian, 0.5% Polish, 0.4% Ukrainian and 0.1% Lithuanian as their native language.
In his second match of the show, which aired on November 30, Mastiff was once again victorious in an eight-person tag team match alongside Brown, Angelina Love and Noam Dar where they defeated Al Snow, Grado, Kay Lee Ray and Mark Andrews.
On November 11, 2016, Mastiff defeated Grado to win the inaugural WOS Championship, however, Mastiff lost the championship to Grado on the same episode.
Dora Valesca Becker was born in Galveston, Texas and raised in New York, the daughter of Francis Louis Becker and Maria Antonia Tekla Langhammer.
She studied violin from an early age with Sam Franko and made her first appearance at Steinway Hall in 1880, aged 10 years.
Becker returned to the United States after making her debut with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1890, and began the New York Ladies' Trio with pianist Mabel Phipps and cellist Flavie Van den Hende.
After marriage, she lectured and taught music in New York and New Jersey, and was a member of the New York State Teachers' Association, the Newark Musicians' Club, and the Newark Contemporary Club.
She was scrapped in Port Colborne in 2016. , completed in China in 2018, has been described as the third vessel named after Sault Sainte Marie.
The company manufactures clarinets according to the German handle system (Oehler system) and the French system (Boehm system) as well as in a combination of both systems, starting from the Boehm system (so-called modular design).
The company was founded in 1996 as a company by the clarinet maker Werner Schwenk and the clarinet maker and clarinetist Jochen Seggelke, based in Tübingen and Bamberg.
The co-shareholder Werner Schwenk retired from the company in 2013, which has since been continued by Jochen Seggelke as a sole proprietorship.
There are also replicas of 10 historical instruments in different moods, of which two models are offered in Bb and A.
Not in the program: the alto clarinet in E flat (looks similar to a basset horn) and the extremely rare contra- and double bass clarinets.
All instruments are made of wood, mainly of grenadilla wood, but also mopane and boxwood are available, the latter, especially for the historical replicas.
Ro-65 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
Ro-67 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
Of these, 74.1% spoke Belarusian, 14.4% Yiddish, 9.7% Russian, 1.0% Polish, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
The eSailing World Championship is an annual esports competition, first held in 2018 and officially recognised by World Sailing the main sports governing body.
The contract to run the event was given to a private company, Virtual Regatta that had amased ten of thousand of sailors playing Offshore sailing routing game following major offshore races in real time.
The earliest collected specimen was collected by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander in 1769 (AK102896) is held in the Auckland Museum.
Benjamin Lah (born 10 November 1985) is a slovenian martial artist who represents his native country Slovenia in sport jujitsu (JJIF).
His native country Slovenia hosted European Championships in 2011 in city Maribor and under supervision of coach Marko Gaber he won his first European title front of home crowd.
After an aborted attempt at launching a public issue in 2018, it was the subject of an initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange in 2019.
The company owns 7,000 mobile communications towers located in South Africa, Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania.
Ridgewood Summit is a low mountain pass in Mendocino County, California, traversed by U.S. Route 101 at an altitude of .
It crosses the Mendocino Range, connecting Ukiah and the watershed of the Russian River, on the south of the pass, to Willits and the watershed of the Eel River on the north.
Ridgewood Ranch, the last resting place of racehorse Seabiscuit, lies immediately to the south of the pass, in the Walker Valley.
However, although Black Bart twice robbed stagecoaches on the road from Willits to Ukiah, in October 1878 and again in June 1882, he did so from a smaller rock near Forsythe Creek, to the south of the pass on its descent to Ukiah, rather than on the pass itself.
Isleña Colombia was a Colombia airline based at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport on the island of San Andres, in Colombia.
In 1993 a group of private shareholders who owned hotels in San Andres founded the airline with the idea of specializing in the national tourism of the island, also linked hotels on the island to organize tour packages.
In 1994 the airline was accused of carrying out illegal flights on which narcotics were transported, and then its liquidation was ordered, without having completed a year of operations.
This demonstrated the need to supply the domestic market and create new airlines that competed with the other airlines in the country, Avianca, SAM, Intercontinental Aviation and ACES.
Rumcajs settled in a cave in the forest and gained his signature attributes: a tall red hat, a beard with a bee swarm, and a pistol loaded with acorns.
During 1969-1996 a one-hectare patch of forest, somewhere between Jičín and the villages of Čejkovice of Podhradí municipality, Vokšice, and Šlikova Ves was labelled Řáholec in the local forestry stand map.
At the height of its popularity in the mid-1970s, Rumcajs merchandise, such as Rumcajs dolls, also became highly popular and have been compared to those of Soldier Švejk (another popular Czech fictional character) or even to that of some of Disney's characters.
On April 4, 2011, the hundredth anniversary of Václav Čtvrtek's birth, Rumcajs and Cipísek featured in the Google doodle on the Czech-language Google home page.
The reverse side depicts either Rumcajs, or Manka, or Cipisek, while the obverse shows the attributes of the island country of Niue (which issued the Czech Mint the license to print commemorative coins): country name, the profile of Queen Elizabeth II, year of issue (2017) and the nominal value of 1 NZD (silver coin) or 5 NZD (gold coin).
or La Negresse) is a life-sized marble bust by the French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux depicting a bound woman of African descent.
While the composition, modeled in 1868, debuted at the Paris Salon in 1869 and was reproduced in various media, the marble version was carved in 1873.
The work was a preparatory work for the commission he had for the Fontaine de l'Observatoire, a fountain in the Jardin Marco Polo, south of the Jardin du Luxembourg in the 6th arrondissement of Paris.
Carpeaux explored the theme of slavery in his artwork after abolition in France in 1848 and the end of the United States Civil War in 1865.
Miss Americana (also known as Taylor Swift: Miss Americana) is a 2020 documentary film, directed by Lana Wilson, that follows American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and her life over the course of several years of her career.
Swift revealed the documentary in November 2019, when she said the owner and founder of her former label Big Machine Records, Scooter Braun and Scott Borchetta respectively, blocked her from using older music and performance footage for the documentary.
In response, a representative for Swift published an email from a Big Machine executive refusing to issue licences in connection to the documentary.
It includes 25 Alamo Drafthouse theatres and an iPic theatre in the United States, and the Prince Charles Cinema in the United Kingdom.
The Matchmaker or The Procuress is a 1625 oil on canvas painting by Gerard van Honthorst, now in the Centraal Museum in Utrecht, for which it was bought in 1951 by the Vereniging Rembrandt.
Ro-68 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
Robert Flynn Johnson is curator emeritus of the Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and a specialist in anonymous images.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Joshua Atherton (1737–1809), son of Col. Peter Atherton and Experience Wright, was a lawyer and early anti-slavery campaigner in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
He returned to Lancaster in 1687, settling at Still River, Massachusetts, then part of Lancaster, where he was a farmer and tanner.
His great-grandfather James Atherton (d. 1710), arrived from England in the 1630s, and went to serve under Captain John Whiting’s Company.
His great-grandfather on his maternal line was Samuel Wardwell, a carpenter, was who was charged with witchcraft in 1692, and was hung at Witch Hill, in Andover, Massachusetts.
The law in Massachusetts required all able men to keep a firearm and volunteer in the citizen army known as the militia.
However the militia would fight alongside the British soldiers engaging the threats resulting from the French and Indian War during the mid-1700s.
He went onto serve for a number of years as a member of the General Court, where he died in Jun 13th, 1764.
He was brought up to be farmer and was expected to follow his father’s footsteps and enter the lucrative blacksmithing trade.
Instead he sought an education, he tutored younger children in order to pay towards college, running a local school in order to save for the tuition fees.
Atherton then decided to move to New Hampshire, moving to Litchfield, then settled in Merrimack where he established a law practice from 1765 to 1773.
He moved to Amherst, New Hampshire, became a farmer and was elected as the Register of Probate in Hillsborough County in 1773.
Atherton at first joined the opponents to British rule, but refused to join the local Sons of Liberty, a secret revolutionary organization created to advance the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British government.
As a result, he was fired from his position as register of probate and justice of the peace, and he resumed farming.
The next year, as a member of the New Hampshire state constitutional convention, he helped revise state laws, advocated for a bill of rights for citizens, and fought to settle former Loyalist land claims.
Atherton claimed it was poorly written; he insisted on a bill of rights to protect private beliefs and actions, and also defended the rights of town and state government against a too strong centralized government.
In February 1788, Atherton delivered a major speech in opposition to Article 1, Section 9, Clause 1, of the proposed constitution.
In 1791, Atherton was once again elected as justice of the peace, and was a member of the convention in Concord that drafted the new state constitution, revising the previous one of 1783.
From 1792 to 1793, he was a member of the state senate, and after his resignation in 1793 from the senate, he was elected state attorney general that same year.
After his retirement, he helped establish the Franklin Society in Amherst, a library dedicated to historical events that changed the state.
His son Charles Humphrey Atherton, was a lawyer, banker and politician from New Hampshire who served as a United States Representative from New Hampshire and as a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives during the early 1800s.
In its 22nd year under head coach Jack Parker the team compiled a 31–6–3 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the sixth consecutive season and twenty first all-time.
The Terriers defeated Maine 6–2 in the championship game at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island to win their fourth national championship.
Coming off of the worst championship loss in over 30 years, Jack Parker was looking for a way to help his team recover from a nightmarish end.
To make matters worse, goaltender J. P. McKersie an AHCA Second Team All-American, was hit by a car while biking that left him in a coma for 6 days.
This left a rather large void in net, but because Parker rotated his goaltenders, senior alternate captain Derek Herlofsky was well positioned to shoulder his share of the burden.
The bulk of McKersie's minutes would eventuallo go to Chicago draft pick Tom Noble who beat out Shawn Ferullo for the second spot in goal.
The forward and defensive corps were in a much more stable position as BU returned the majority of its principle players from a year before.
The Terriers also added a couple of top prospects to this mix, including Chris Drury who was already nationally famous for having led Trumbull, Connecticut to the 1989 Little League World Series Championship.
Early on, the Terriers had trouble finding consistency in their game, starting 3–1–2 through the first three weeks of the season but having allowed 7 goals against in two different games.
After a weekend against the worst team in Hockey East Massachusetts, albeit only in their second season since returning to the ice, BU was able to settle down and get themselves ready for their first tournament of the season.
At the end of November BU headed to California for the Great Western Freeze–Out, held at the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings.
The Terriers easily downed Princeton in the semifinal then pushed national powerhouse Maine into overtime but the Black Bears were the ones who prevailed.
While the loss didn't harm BU too much since it was a non-conference game, they faced Maine in a pair of road games the following weekend.
While the Terriers could only capture 3 points out of 10 in the series, both games were played very close and demonstrated that the two teams were evenly matched.
The near miss against Maine appeared to light a fire under the Terriers who utterly dominated their next two games (winning by a combined score of 21–3) before taking several weeks off for their winter break.
When the team returned to the ice at the end of December they did so in Minneapolis for the Mariucci Classic.
At the beginning of 1995 BU was 16 points behind Maine, however, because Hockey East had altered its point system beginning with 1994–95 (5 points for a win, 2 points for a tie and an additional point for a shootout win after overtime) they were only about 3 games behind the Black Bears with 3 games in hand.
This meant that despite going 0–1–2 against Maine in their head-to-head matchups the Terriers could still keep even with the conference leaders as long as they took care of business.
The Terriers were able to capture their 18th title after dropping a weak Boston College team in the championship, but the time off had allowed Maine to build a 15-point lead in the Hockey East standings.
Ill-equipped to afford a mistake the Terriers laid an egg in against Providence, losing 1–8 in their worst performance of the season.
BU recovered to win the rematch but that left Maine with a 10-point lead in the standings and both teams had three games to play.
Fortunately for the Terriers their remaining games came against two of the worst teams in Hockey East while the Black Bears faced much stiffer competition.
BU swept their final three games while Maine lost twice and the two teams ended in a tie for 1st in the conference standings.
Because Maine had the tie-breaker due to the head-to-head meetings, BU received the 2nd seed and played Merrimack in the quarterfinals.
The Terriers took care of Massachusetts–Lowell to reach the Championship where they were surprised to find 6th-seeded Providence as their opponent.
The Friars proved up to the task and played the Terriers hard but BU held firm and won the game 3–2 to win their second consecutive conference tournament.
After a week off the Terriers faced defending national champion Lake Superior State and were able to exact their revenge with a 6–2 victory.
The score may have been different but the result was the same as Boston University defeated the Golden Gophers 7–3 to return to the national championship game.
The Terriers faced Maine on April Fools Day and though the Black Bears had yet to lose to BU that year they were coming off of a 3 overtime epic against Michigan (then the longest game in NCAA Tournament history).
Despite this Maine was able to control the balance of play early, outshooting the Terriers early but on a faceoff in the Black Bear end on the Power Play, Steve Thornton was able to tap the puck through Brad Purdie's skates and fire home the first goal of the game.
After that Maine netminder Blair Allison had to face a barrage by the BU offense that saw him face 21 shots over the next 25 minutes (compared to Maine's 6).
The Terriers would score twice more to build a 3-goal lead midway through the game but the Black Bears were able to get on the scoresheet before the end of the second.
Maine closed the lead to one just 31 seconds into the final frame but BU continued to apply pressure to Allison and scored twice more before capping off the game with a third power play goal to win their fourth national championship.
The two-goal game from Chris O'Sullivan earned him the Tournament MOP and was joined on the All-Tournament Team by Kaj Linna and Shawn Bates.
Bateman caught 56 passes for 825 yards and five touchdowns in his junior season and committed to play college football at the University of Minnesota the following summer upon receiving a scholarship offer from the school.
Bateman's productive senior season led to him receiving late recruiting interest from many top-level college programs, but he chose to stick to his commitment to Minnesota.
Bateman started at wide receiver as a true freshman and set Minnesota freshman records with 51 receptions and 704 receiving yards while scoring six touchdowns.
As a sophomore, Bateman was named a semifinalist for the Fred Biletnikoff Award and first team All-Big Ten and the Richter–Howard Receiver of the Year after catching 57 passes for 1,170 yards (20.5 yards per catch) and 11 touchdowns.
Its former name, Estácio S. A., is named after the Portuguese knight and military officer Estácio de Sá, who was the founder of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
It is Brazil's second largest university with over 311,900 students in 57 campuses around the country, 39 of which are located in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Like before her, she is a self-unloading bulk carrier, built for carrying cargoes like ore, grain, or coal, on the North American Great Lakes.
Christ Before the High Priest is a c.1617 oil on canvas painting by Gerard van Honthorst, now in the National Gallery, London, which bought it in 1922.
Loop 201 was designated on September 23, 1959 as a redesignation of Spur 201 when it was extended northeast to SH 146 at McKinney Road.
The first use of the Loop 203 designation was in Collin County as a loop off then-proposed US 75 in McKinney.
Loop 213 was designated on August 26, 1948 from US 90, 0.5 mile east of San Antonio, to a point 0.5 mile north.
Loop 214 was designated on August 28, 1991 as a replacement of a section of US 80 when it was decommissioned in favor of IH 20.
Loop 217 was designated on August 1, 1947 from US 377/SH 183 west of Fort Worth southeast to US 81 near the south city limits.
On September 27, 1951 the road was extended northeast and north to SH 183 and/or SH 121 northeast of Fort Worth.
Loop 217 was cancelled on April 18, 1963: the section from SH 183 and/or SH 121 southwest to Horne Road became IH 820 and the section from Horne Road northwest to US 377 was transferred to Loop 820 (now SH 183).
Loop 219 was designated on June 1, 1948 from US 175 north of Crandall south to then-US 175, then east to new US 175.
The original Loop 220 was designated as a loop off US 69 in Trenton as a replacement of US 69 when it was rerouted.
Loop 221 was designated on February 25, 1948 from US 69 near the north city limits of Leonard to SH 78 in Leonard.
Loop 227 was designated on May 4, 1984 from SH 146 at Hardin Drive and Main Street south and southwest to US 90.
The original Loop 227 was designated on November 18, 1947 as a loop off US 77 in Kingsville as a replacement of US 77 when it was rerouted.
On January 19, 1966 Loop 227 was cancelled and returned to the city of Kingsville due to rerouting of US 77.
The original Loop 230 was designated on December 10, 1946 from US 62/US 82 east of Lubbock along College Avenue (this was corrected to E. Broadway in 1950) to US 87 in Lubbock.
Loop 230 was cancelled on October 30, 1957 and removed from the highway system due to changes with Lubbock's highway system.
The first use of the Loop 231 designation was in Lubbock County, from US 87 south of Lubbock to then-US 84 in southern Lubbock, then north along US 84 via Lubbock to Fourth Street, then north to US 87.
Loop 231 was cancelled on October 30, 1957 and removed from the highway system due to changes with Lubbock's highway system.
The first use of the Loop 237 designation was in Bowie County, from US 82 along Robinson Road to US 62 in Texarkana.
On March 2, 1967 Loop 249 was cancelled and removed from the highway system due to completion of US 83/Spur 206.
On July 24, 1984 Loop 250 replaced all of FM 1369 and a section of FM 868 from Loop 250 to SH 349; these sections had been co-located with Loop 250 since 1978.
The original Loop 250 was designated on March 31, 1952 from US 81 (now IH 35) in north Austin southeast to US 183 near the Montopolis Bridge southeast of Austin.
The first use of the Loop 251 designation was in Jefferson County, from US 90 at 11th Street in Beaumont southeast to US 69 near southern Beaumont.
Loop 255 was designated on October 21, 1959 as a loop off US 84 in Teague as a replacement of US 84 when it was rerouted.
The southeast side of the loop, from its intersections with US 287/SH 19 to US 79/US 84, is the only part that is heavily commercially developed.
The road first appears on maps in 1964 as a road on Palestine's east side, connecting US 287 with State Highway 155.
During the 1970s, 1980s, and the early 1990s the loop was expanded to finally form a complete circle around the core of the city.
Loop 260 was designated on August 20, 1952 from US 80 in western Oak Cliff Addition to US 80 at or near the Dallas County Courthouse as a replacement of what was left of SH 1.
The first use of the Loop 264 designation was in Karnes County as a loop off US 181 in Karnes City.
This was formerly a portion of US 181 before it was rerouted; the route was signed as US 181 Business rather than Loop 264.
Three months later Loop 264 was cancelled and replaced by extensions of SH 80 and FM 1144, although it remained signed as US 181 Business.
The next use of the Loop 264 designation was in Hunt County as a loop off SH 34 in Quinlan as a replacement of a portion of FM 35.
On January 28, 1970, the section from SH 34 in Quinlan to a point 0.544 mile west was transferred to SH 276 and the route was changed to Spur 264.
On April 24, 1964 the road was extended on a new route over SH 240 (SH 240 was rerouted on top of Loop 165) and old US 277/US 281 to US 277/US 281; this became effective when traffic was routed on new US 277, US 281 and US 287.
The original Loop 274 was designated as a loop off US 87 (now IH 27) around the west side of Plainview.
Loop 274 was cancelled on January 31, 1967 and replaced by US 87 when it was rerouted; the original route of US 87 became Loop 445.
Although Loop 275 was not officially designated until March 24, 1954, it was created on September 26, 1939 when US 81 (now IH 35) was rerouted east onto its current alignment.
On July 11, 1986 and February 24, 2000 at district request, the sections from US 183 to Williamson Creek were removed and returned to the city of Austin, creating the current gap in the route.
The original Loop 281 was designated on December 3, 1954 from then-US 82/US 287 southeast of Wichita Falls northwest along the MKT & FW & DC rail lines to then-US 281 on the city's north side.
Loop 281 was cancelled on November 7, 1958 and renumbered as Loop 165 (now SH 240) to avoid confusion with US 281.
Loop 283 was designated on August 28, 1958 from SH 36 north of Brenham southwest to US 290 west of Brenham, then southeast to SH 36 south of Brenham, then northeast to US 290 southeast of Brenham, forming a partial loop.
On January 18, 1960 the section from US 290 west of Brenham to US 290 southeast of Brenham was transferred to US 290 (the former route of US 290 became Loop 318).
On June 4, 1964 the route was transferred to SH 36 and Loop 283 was reassigned to a former routing of SH 36 from SH 36 to US 290 and signed as SH 36 Business rather than Loop 283.
The original Loop 284 was designated on August 28, 1958 as a loop off SH 87 around the north side of Center.
Loop 284 was cancelled on February 5, 1960 and removed from the highway system after the city of Center deferred construction.
Loop 286 was designated on June 30, 1955, from FM 79, northwest of Paris, east to FM 195, northeast of Paris.
On March 29, 1957, the road was extended south, west and north back to FM 79 near the origin, completing the loop around Paris.
Loop 287 was designated on June 30, 1955 from SH 103 northwest of Lufkin south and east around the city's west and south sides to US 69 southeast of Lufkin.
On March 1, 1966 a section from SH 103 to US 69 and another section from US 69 to US 59 were added, completing the loop around Lufkin.
Despite its name, Loop 288 does not make a complete circuit, running instead around the north, east and southeast sides of the city.
It begins at an interchange with I-35 on the northwest corner of Denton and loops around the north, east and southeast sides of the city before ending at another intersection with I-35E adjacent to Denton's shopping mall.
In recent years, several large retail stores have been built on or near the southeast portion of the loop, and this, coupled with ongoing road expansion projects, has resulted in extreme traffic congestion.
The proposed route will follow new construction from Spencer Road to Colorado Boulevard, Mayhill Road from Colorado Boulevard to I-35 and FM 2499, part of FM 2499 from I-35 to just south of Robinson Road, and new construction (right-of-way has already been acquired for this section) from just south of Robinson Road to FM 2181.
Loop 293 was cancelled on May 30, 1961 and transferred to SH 71 and US 290; the old route of SH 71 and US 290 became Loop 343.
Loop 295 was designated on January 19, 1956 from then-US 77 northeast of Robstown south along old US 77 to the intersection of US 77 and FM 892 south of Robstown.
Loop 296 was designated on January 19, 1956 from SH 44 west of Robstown south and east 2 miles along old SH 44 to US 77/SH 44 east of Robstown.
In 1865, Yoshida was sent with Sameshima Naonobu and seventeen other samurai from Satsuma Domain to England to study Western science and technology.
During 1867, Yoshida and Sameshima travelled with two others to the United States and joined the Brotherhood of the New Life, Thomas Lake Harris's Christian spiritual group.
When they returned to England later that year, they claimed to have felt the presence of God through Harris' preaching in New York.
In 1879, he arranged the visit of Ulysses S. Grant and his wife Julia Grant to Japan, and secured the return of funds from the United States Congress.
As a sophomore in 2017, he started all 13 games and led the team with 64 receptions for 793 yards and five touchdowns.
During his senior year in 2019, he passed Kenny McKinley's school record for career receptions and Alshon Jeffery's school record career receiving yards.
In 1986, Albufeira City Council bought a series of land in the Ferreiras area, which was transferred to the newly formed Ferreiras Football Club, so that its stadium could be built there.
During the following years, several works were being carried out to improve the quality of the field, including a wall around the field to delimit the stadium area, new changing rooms, a pavilion in the sports grounds, benches, and a bar for socializing among fans.
The damage was valued at around 100,000 euros, with damage affecting changing rooms, laundry, snack bar, medical station and club cars.
Having felt a calling to be a teacher for some years, after the death of her mother who she nursed in her last years Corder embarked on that course, teaching at Suir Island School, later known as the Clonmel School, a Quaker establishment in Ireland.
The school had been set up by Sarah Tuke Grubb (1756–1790) and her husband Robert, who travelled extensively in Europe as missionaries.
On returning to England in 1824 and with the assistance of the Quaker scientist and abolitionist William Allen and his third wife Grizell (1757–1835) Corder opened Newington Academy for Girls in Fleetwood House in Stoke Newington, the organisation of which she based on the school in Ireland she had recently left.
Corder was the headmistress of the new school, other founders of which included Anna Hanbury, mother of Sir Thomas Buxton, 1st Baronet, Luke Howard, pharmacist and metereologist, Edward Harris, father-in-law of Alfred Tylor, and Samuel Gurney, banker.
She herself wore traditional Quaker dress and adopted this as the uniform for the girls in her school who had to wear Quaker bonnets among other items of dress, leading to much mockery from the girls at a nearby school.
Nor were the girls’ spiritual needs forgotten as they were obliged to attend regular readings from the Scriptures and attend talks on religion given by William Allen and Sarah Tuke Grubb.
As such in 1836 she was among the co-signatories of a warning letter to John Wilkinson who had caused a schism among the local Quaker community and in which he was entreated to be silent in their meetings.
Corder retired sometime between 1840 to 1845 with the closure of Newington Academy for Girls and moved to Chelmsford where she spent her last years.
Many of the subjects of the book were little known; one was her own pupil Ann Backhouse, who had died at the age of nineteen.
Corder's decision to concentrate on the spiritual lives of her subjects rather than on their careers enabled her to maintain a roughly equal balance of male and female subjects - 27 men and 20 women.
Corder wrote an 1853 biography about (and drawing largely on the diaries of) the prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, whom she knew well enough to accompany when the prison reformer escorted the King of Prussia to see the conditions at Newgate in 1842.
Susanna Corder died on 28 February 1864 at her home in Chelmsford and was buried in the town on 3 March.
Wrangler's Roost is a 1941 American Western film directed by S. Roy Luby and written by John Vlahos and Robert Finkle.
The 1947 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1947 college football season.
In their 12th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10–2 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out eight of 12 opponents, defeated in the Creole Classic and Fort Valley State in the Yam Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 380 to 53.
As a three year old, Hey Doc raced on ten occasions recording 5 wins, culminating in his first Group 1 race the Australian Guineas.
In his next preparation, Hey Doc won his second Group 1 race when successful in the Manikato Stakes at the odds of 20/1.
After an unsuccessful campaign following this victory, Hey Doc was sidelined from racing for over 12 months due to an operation to remove bone chips from a joint.
He returned to racing with success at his second run winning his third Group 1 the Winterbottom Stakes at the odds of 12/1.
She is the niece of the Sindhi poet and columnist Aijaz Mangi, who is outspoken about feminism, politics, and human rights and deeply critical of atrocities in society.
Mangi and her male friend Haris Soomro were out in the evening getting food from a restaurant on November 30 around 8 pm.
When Soomro attempted to fight back and protect Mangi he was shot by at least one of the men in the neck and the bullet traveled into his chest.
The Karachi Police have released a statement in which they believe the abduction occurred because Mangi had met a man in the United States and had been pressuring her to marry him and had threatened her.
Officials used CCTV footage to attempt to identify the attackers, and have impounded the car they believe to be a part of the crime.
News of her abduction was posted on social media by family and friends, creating a heated debate over victim blaming and whether the perpetrators were actually justified over abducting her due to her actions online and her clothing.
All this activism attracted public's attention, who not only supported the return of Dua but also resolve of such a case threatening peace and security of youth in the urban.
With Dua's mysterious return, it was speculated and later confessed by family after much lying that they paid ransom but their silence on the matter and not co-operating with the authorities from beginning was an act of civil disobedience warranting litigation, in lieu of the fact that they didn't even file FIR, which was instead filed by father of Haris Soomro who was fighting for his life.
With protection from civil society by virtue of Dua's father, a surgeon, the uncle with connections in press, and her own influence in liberal circles connecting to far-left political activists, Dua and her family found refuge from due probe and consequent litigation potentially leading to 2nd degree murder charges.
Craniocervical instability is a medical condition where there is excessive laxity of the ligaments at the atlanto-occipital joint and the atlanto-axial joint, between the skull and the top two vertebrae (C1 and C2).
This results in excessive movement of the vertebrae which can cause neuronal injury and compression of nearby structures including the spinal cord, vertebral artery or vagus nerve, causing a constellation of symptoms.
Upright magnetic resonance imaging is considered the most accurate method, and supine magnetic resonance imaging, CT scan or digital motion X-ray are also used.
Alternatively, craniocervical instability can be diagnosed if a trial of cervical traction, typically using a halo fixation device, results in a significant alleviation of symptoms.
Ro-64 was a Japanese Type L submarine submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which served during the 1920s and World War II.
The women's circle sepak takraw competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok was held from 18 to 19 December at the Indoor Stadium Huamark.
Mount Bayard is a glaciated mountain located in the Boundary Ranges on the international boundary line of Alaska and British Columbia.
It is situated north-northwest of Stewart, southeast of Mount White-Fraser, and east of Mount Lindeborg, which is its nearest higher peak.
Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from the Boundary and Salmon Glaciers that surround the peak drains into the Salmon River.
Mount Lindeborg was the name adopted for this feature in 1921, however by 1924 it was renamed Mount Bayard in lieu of Lindeborg.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Bayard is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
She won a silver medal as skip of the Scottish women's team at the 2015 World Junior Curling Championships and has competed in the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship five times.
In back-to-back years, 2014 and 2015, Aitken skipped her team to victory at the Scottish Junior Championships, with teammates Naomi Brown, Rowena Kerr, and Rachel Hannen.
In the page playoffs Team Scotland defeated the number one seeded Canada in the 1 vs. 2 game and Sweden in the semifinals, thus setting up a rematch with Team Canada in the final.
Earlier in the 2014/2015 season Aitken and her Juniors team also won bronze at the Scottish Women's Curling Championship, Aitken's best finish at that championship.
Each Scottish title earned Aitken the right to represent Scotland at the World Mixed Doubles Championship, with her best finish being 4th at the 2016 Championship where they lost to the United States team of Joe Polo and Tabitha Peterson in the bronze medal match.
Unfortunately Andrews became injured shortly before the Scottish Mixed Doubles Championship but Duncan Menzies filled in for Andrews and together they still got Aitken her fifth Championship.
Andrews was healed in time for World's where they finished tied for 9th place, losing to Team Estonia in the first round of the playoffs.
Aitken started curling when she was only seven years old and comes from a curling family: her father David won the 1986 World Juniors, her mother Morna has competed at two World Senior Curling Championships, her sister Karina was the alternate for Aitken's silver medal winning 2015 World Juniors team, and her sister Tasha has also competed at World Juniors.
Un padre no tan padre is a 2016 Mexican comedy film directed by Raúl Martínez, from a screenplay by Alberto Bremer.
It premiered on 21 December 2016, and the plot revolves around Don Servando (Bonilla), a bitter 85-year-old man who has been evicted from the nursing home where he lived; So he is forced to move in with his son Francisco (Ibarra) and his friends.
Of these, 69.9% spoke Belarusian, 21.9% Yiddish, 5.6% Russian, 1.5% Polish, 0.5% Latvian, 0.2% German, 0.2% Lithuanian and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
The Night House is a 2020 American horror thriller film, directed by David Bruckner, from a screenplay by Ben Collins and Luke Piotrowski.
In February 2019, it was announced Rebecca Hall had joined the cast of the film, with David Bruckner directing from a screenplay by Ben Collins and Luke Piotrowski.
oneAPI is a cross-industry initiative for an open, standards-based unified programming model that creates a common developer experience across compute accelerator architectures.
Its objective is to deliver an efficient, performant programming model that eliminates the need for developers to maintain separate code bases, multiple programming languages, and different tools and workflows for each architecture.
The oneAPI specification extends existing developer programming models to enable a diverse set of hardware through a data-parallel language, a set of library APIs, and a low-level hardware interface to support cross-architecture programming.
DPC++ extends these standards with explicit parallel constructs like sub-groups and unified shared memory offload interfaces to support a broad range of computing architectures and processors, including CPUs and accelerators.
The set of APIs spans several domains that benefit from acceleration, including an interface for deep learning; general libraries for linear algebra math, video, and media processing; and others.
oneAPI Level Zero, the low-level hardware interface, defines a set of capabilities and services that a hardware accelerator needs to interface with the broad set of languages in support of consumer to Deep/Machine Learning and HPC class solutions.
Codeplay is working on a to-be-open-source layer to allow oneAPI and SYCL / Data Parallel C++ to run atop Nvidia GPUs via CUDA.
The 2019 OFC Futsal Champions League was the first edition of the OFC Futsal Champions League, an international futsal club tournament in Oceania organised by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC).
Astragalus arenarius, the sand milk-vetch or sand milkvetch, is a species of milkvetch mostly found in Central and Eastern Europe, with populations in Russia stretching perhaps as far as the Urals, and a few instances in Sweden, Finland, and perhaps Denmark.
It can be distinguished from its congeners by its having leaflets grouped in 2 to 6 pairs, 2 to 4mm wide by 10 to 20mm long; calyces that are characterized by having mostly strongly asymmetric bifurcate hairs; a standard (the large posterior petal seen in legume flowers) 15 to 17mm long; and legumes that 12 to 20 mmlong.
As the specific name implies it grows in sandy or gravelly areas, in places that have limited competition from grasses, such as sandy open pine woodlands, dunes, river banks, roadsides and railway embankments.
In spring 2003, entrepreneur Lee Jin-wook () was waiting in the lobby of a dermatology clinic in Gangnam, Seoul, as he observed a group of young women enthused by a product on display, which was BB cream.
He began to research the product closely, and later left his post at an architectural firm to focus on his venture.
Dr. Jung Sung-jae () had been working out of his own Seoul practice since 2001, where he was constantly testing new treatments for his patients with severe skin issues.
Lee approached him to invest and consult on Dr. Jart+, with the intent to bring Jung's formulations to a wider audience.
Its revenue in 2005 only amounted to 500 million won, but began to increase through word-of-mouth on online retailer SkinRx Lab.
The brand partnered with Japanese department store Takashimaya in June 2009 to offer their products at its now-defunct Fifth Avenue location, which effectively made Dr. Jart+ the first Korean brand since Amorepacific to have a presence in New York.
Dr. Jart+'s branding and packaging was refreshed by design firm Pentagram in 2018, starting with the international roll-out of their newly-created Ceramidin line.
Dr. Jart+ has been the exclusive skin care sponsor of designer brand Opening Ceremony at New York Fashion Week since 2015.
The system was initially identified as a cataclysmic variable on the basis of weak H-alpha emissions in the spectrum by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
Dusty and gaseous debris disks around white dwarfs are known, but they are dominated by Calcium lines and no previous disk around a white dwarf showed Hα emission.
The disk around the white dwarf is too large (~1-10 solar radii) to be formed by a small minor planet, which was tidally disrupted inside the Roche Radius.
The planet is likely located at a distance of 15 solar radii from the white dwarf and orbits the white dwarf in 10 days.
The team estimated that the planet around WD J0914+1914 will lose about 0.04 Neptune masses and thus this process will not significantly change the structure of the planet.
The 1948 Wilberforce State Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Wilberforce State University in the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1948 college football season.
In its 13th season under head coach Gaston F. Lewis, the team compiled an 9–1–1 record, won the MAA championship, defeated Hampton in the Fish Bowl and Prairie View A&M in the Prairie View A&M Bowl, and all outscored opponents by a total of 237 to 61.
The Point Arena Rancheria Roundhouse, in Mendocino County, California near Point Arena, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
It is the largest and perhaps the only surviving building with significant association to the religious life of Native Americans in the area of Point Arena, California.
The religion by then mixed traditional beliefs with ghost dance era developments and with features of Christianity, in the last phase of evolution of the Pomo religion.
When he was 12, without speaking any English, he arrived in Vancouver, Canada by himself to attend the University of British Columbia Thunderbirds summer hockey school.
Two years later, he was sponsored by Terry O'Malley (a former Canadian player who played in Japan) and arrived in Chatham, Ontario to play midget AAA hockey.
Following a stay at Athol Murray College of Notre Dame in Wilcox, Saskatchewan, he attended the United States International University in San Diego, where he played college hockey during the 1984–85 and 1987–88 NCAA seasons before suffering a career-ending knee injury.
This is a list of hospitals in the United States that are verified as trauma centers by the American College of Surgeons.
She has received a lifetime achievement award from The Association of Women in Cinema and Television, and a Silver Cross for career from the GIFF.
She has spoken against the concept of nepotism and said that she only works with Cecilia when the production demands it; Cecilia has expressed the same.
Montoya-Lewis attended the University of New Mexico and University of Washington School of Law and was a professor at Fairhaven College of Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington.
She is a member of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant Pueblo of Laguna, two federally recognized Indian tribes in New Mexico.
She is also the Director of the California Center for Population Research and Co-Director of the Center for Social Statistics (CSS) at UCLA.
She spent two postdoctoral years at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a year as a Carolina Population Center Fellow and Assistant Professor of Public Policy at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
She was then appointed Assistant Professor of Sociology University of California – Los Angeles, in 2007, and promoted to Associate professor in 2010 and Full professor in 2016.
Nehemiah 10 is the tenth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 20th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
After the first seal from Nehemiah the governor (verse 1a), the record is carefully ordered with three lists of signatories: the priests (10:1b–8), the Levites (10:9–13) and the chiefs of the people (10:14–27).
Ezra 9–10)) and particular obligations 'which they lay upon themselves' (verses 30–39), in relation to intermarriage (verse 30), to the Sabbath and sabbatical year (verse 31), and to the provision for the upkeep of the Temple and clergy (verses 32–39).
Lynda Marlène Gauzé (born 11 June 1990) is an Ivorian footballer who plays as a defender for Juventus de Yopougon and the Ivory Coast women's national team.
In March 2009, three order members, Bodhilocana, Viriyagita, and Kiranada, led a ceremony in remembrance of one of Sangharakshita's teachers, Dhardo Rimpoche.
It is one among several stupas throughout the world among which Rinpoche's remains have been spread, the others being Sudarshanaloka Retreat Centre near Thames, New Zealand, Padmaloka Buddhist Retreat Centre near Norwich, England, Guhyaloka Retreat Centre near Alicante, Spain, Tiratanaloka Retreat Centre in Wales, and Vimaladhatu Retreat Centre in the Sauerland, Germany.
Oregon was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 50.99% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D–New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 46.70% of the popular vote.
The Greenback and Anti-Monopoly Parties both chose major general and former governor of Massachusetts Benjamin Butler and Absolom M. West, an unseated Mississippi representative, received 1.38% of the popular vote.
The Prohibition party chose the 8th Governor of Kansas, John St. John and Maryland State Representative William Daniel, received 0.93% of the popular vote.
Anae grew up in Laie, Hawaii and attended Kahuku High & Intermediate School, where he was a member of the basketball, football, and track and field teams.
Rated a three-star recruit, Anae committed to play college football at the University of Utah over offers from Vanderbilt and BYU.
Anae became a starter at defensive end for the Utes during his sophomore year and registered 39 total tackles with a team-leading 7.0 sacks and tying for the team lead with 10.0 tackles for loss.
As a junior, he led the Pac-12 Conference with 8.0 sacks and finished third in the conference with 15.5 tackles for loss along with 51 total tackles three passes broken up and was named first team All-Pac-12.
Anae broke the career sack record in the 2019 Alamo Bowl, the final game of his career, with a half sack against Texas.
Anae finished his senior season with 41 tackles, 13 sacks and a forced fumble and was named first team All-Pac-12 and was a consensus All-American selection and was awarded the Morris Trophy as the best defensive lineman in the Pac-12 and was a finalist for the Ted Hendricks Award.
Born in Buzău, Romania in 1924, Kaufman was best known for making inaugural medals for United States Presidents Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush.
He left the camp at the age of 21 and eventually immigrated to the United States in 1951 and moved to Tewksbury, MA in 1964.
His preferred materials include bronze, stainless steel, and plastic.He was a freelance artist for the Medallic Art Company and designed over 300 medals for them, including 192 medals for their American Bicentennial and the Judaic Heritage series.
At the time of Ronald Regan's second inauguration, it was noted that Kaufman was the second artist in the history of the series to make this many medals.
Upon his death, pieces from his collection were donated to local libraries including Tewksbury Public Library, Middlesex Community College, the Rolling Ridge Conference Center in North Andover, MA, and University of Massachusetts Lowell.
Jamnith (), also Jabnith, Yavnit (), or Iamnia, is a ruin in the Upper Galilee that came to renown during the First Jewish Revolt in the 1st-century CE.
Josephus testifies of himself that he assisted in building the wall of the village, the reference perhaps being to funding its building project.
The hilltop fortress has no natural spring, suggesting that its inhabitants relied upon rock-cut cisterns for water, of which several can be found on the site.
The fate of the town's defenders is not known, but they are presumed to have surrendered after the fall of Tarichaea.
The young correspondent Egor noticed this, and as a result, the portraits of the pioneer hang wherever possible, he receives an invitation to the radio, people shot a movie about him.
And now, when friends wanted to retreat, they began to realize that it would not be as easy as it seems...
though the street name is continued in Douglas Street which continues to its north across Des Voeux Road Central all the way to Connaught Road Central.
The lane is named after Hong Kong Tai-pan Douglas Lapraik whose dockyard and subsequent Douglas Steamship Company wharf was once located in the area now reclaimed and the site of Exchange Square.
Douglas Lane has been dubbed as a Hawker Blackspot for Central and Western District meaning that the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department would give no warning to hawkers at the location before taking prosecution actions against them if they are caught.
Douglas Lane runs a distance of around 350 ft between and perpendicular to Des Voeux Road Central and Queen's Road Central.
Sepik virus is much less well known and has not been as well-classified as other viruses because it has not been known of for very long.
Arboviruses are a continuing threat to public health in Papua New Guinea especially because of lack of surveillance and reporting, so much of the prevalence of disease due to these viruses are unknown in that area.
Arboviruses cause outbreaks when the virus that infects an endemic population spreads through a vector like mosquitoes or ticks to humans.
In the known vector clade, there is a mosquito group and a tick group, which diverged early in the phylogeny and do not have much overlap, ecologically.
The mosquito group is further divided into the types of diseases the virus causes, like neurotropic viruses and hemorrhagic disease viruses.
Sepik virus is classified as a hemorrhagic disease virus because it is in the Yellow fever group, as it is most closely related to Yellow Fever virus.
However, Sepik virus does not have the same pathogenicity or virulence as Yellow Fever virus, as it is not known to cause hemorrhagic fever, but rather a febrile illness.
The virus particle contains three major structural proteins; there are two membrane-associated proteins, the envelope protein (E) and membrane protein (M).
The virus also has a capsid protein (C) that protects the genome from the environment, which could cause the genome to dry out or become degraded.
The capsid is mainly protein, but 17% of the capsid are lipids by weight, which were derived from the host cell membrane; the capsid is also about 9% carbohydrate by weight in the form of glycolipids and glycoproteins.
The genome for Sepik virus is a non-segmented, single stranded, positive sense RNA molecule that is about 10.79 kilobases in length.
The genome consists of a short non-coding region at the 5’ end, a single long open reading frame (ORF) that contains the genes for all the genes the virus produces, and a non-coding region at the 3’ end and the genome does not have a poly-A tail typically seen at the end of mRNA molecules.
The genome serves as both genomic data and as mRNA, encoding 3 structural proteins necessary for the virion and 8 non-structural proteins necessary for replication.
The genome also contains a type I cap and a conserved stem loop at the 5’ end, labeled as m7GpppAmp, that is not seen in viruses in other families or genera.
The envelope protein binds to the host cell receptor which then signals to the cell to bring the virus inside using endocytosis.
The envelope protein then helps the viral envelope fuse to the host cell membrane in order to release the viral capsid into the cell.
Replication usually occurs in membrane invaginations to shield the replicating genome from host defenses like RNA interference, because single stranded positive RNA viruses replicate through a double stranded RNA intermediate..
The genome also functions as mRNA and the virus uses the host cell’s machinery to translate one long polyprotein containing both the structural and non-structural proteins.
This one long polyprotein is later cleaved into the capsid, envelope and membrane protein, and also proteins that are not assembled into the virion, which are denoted as non-structural proteins.
NS3 has enzymatic activity as a helicase and protease, while NS5 is an RNA dependent RNA polymerase, allowing the virus to replicate a new (+)RNA genome by creating a complementary (-)RNA strand and using that as a template for the genome.
The other non-structural proteins function in RNA replication, viral assembly and release, processing the viral polyprotein and inhibiting the host’s innate immunity, like inhibiting interferon signaling.
Therefore, assembly of the virion likely consists of the capsid protein (C) and the genomic RNA becoming aggregated and condensed, with the capsid protein acting as a charge neutralizer for the RNA, to eventually form a small particle that does not have any contact with the envelope.
Virions are released by budding of the capsid protein and the RNA into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to form a lipid envelope that are sporadically ingrained with glycoproteins, like the envelope (E) glycoprotein that is used for entry into the next host cell.
Some arboviruses can be maintained in a population with minimal input from the reservoir, meaning the vector can use infected humans as a source of the virus to spread to new, susceptible people..
This means that the host reservoir is the only known source of Sepik virus, but the host reservoir is unknown at this time.
However, Sepik virus is only known to cause a non-severe febrile fever and not hemorrhagic fever like the more well classified viruses.
Fever as a result of Sepik virus infection has only been seen in Papua New Guinea and has remained isolated from the rest of the world.
However, reporting and surveillance for this fever is lacking, so spread of the vector and Sepik virus fever may have begun to spread outside its normal range, and no notice has been taken.
Arboviruses, mainly highly pathogenic ones like Yellow Fever virus or Dengue virus, are important emerging pathogens in many tropical and developing countries because of the high prevalence of the viral vector and many countries have poor sanitation and do not have vector control methods.
It is important to note that the known geographic regions many arboviruses are currently found are not concrete, as changing global temperatures contribute to the widening of vector habitat, as many arboviruses that have been limited to tropical zones are now seen further into the temperate zones as the vector, mainly mosquitoes, moves into new areas and can infect naïve populations.
Iscom University Benin is a private research university in Cotonou, the largest city and economic capital of the Republic of Benin.
Iscom opened as a tertiary educational institution in July 2008, and was accredited to offer certificates, diplomas, undergraduate degreees and postgraduate programmes by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) in Republic of Benin.
In 2014, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) headquartered in Paris, France, signed a memorandum of understanding with Iscom University to provide tuition for Iscom students who made a 4.0 gpa and above as part of its tertiary education fund for Francophone countries.
Institut Superieur de Communication d’Organisation et de Management (Iscom University, Benin) is a privately owned university located in Senade-Akpakpa, Cotonou, Benin Republic and it is ranked as one of the country's top 10 universities.
As a true freshman at LSU in 2018, Marshall Jr., played in 13 games with one start and had 12 receptions for 192 yards.
Against the Texas Longhorns, Marshall, Jefferson and Chase each had 100 receiving yards, the first time in school history three players had over 100 yards receiving.
His uncle, Joe Delaney, played in the NFL and died attempting to rescue three children from drowning in a pond before Marshall Jr. was born.
The body fossils of these disc-shaped organisms are approximately one centimeter in diameter, and were noted to have symmetrical internal lobes, as well as secondary distal branches.
Her work has been exhibited in museums, galleries and private collections across the United States, and in both Ghana and Cuba, and is represented in the permanent collections of the Southern Ohio Museum in Portsmouth, Ohio and the National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center in Wilberforce, Ohio.
She has served in leadership roles in local arts organizations Creative Arts of Women, Mother Artists at Work and Creative Women of Color (formerly Sistahs of the Arts) and was the first board president of All People Arts Incorporated.
She has a BA in Art History from The Ohio State University and a MA in Art History from Ohio University.
In 2019, Sunami's work was chosen to represent Columbus at the National Theatre in Columbus' sister city Accra, Ghana, she was one of the Columbus representatives to the 13th Annual Havana Biennial in Cuba (2019) through the ConnectArt project, and she was selected as one of the Top 10 Local Artists of the year by Columbus Underground.
She received a Jurors Choice award as a participant in the Greater Columbus Arts Council and Capital Crossroads Special Improvement District CAP-UP Artist Grant in 2012.
Sunami's father-in-law John Sunami has several public art installations in the Columbus area, and was an early pioneer of digital art.
His father, Soichi Sunami, was a noted Pictorialist photographer best known for his extended artistic collaboration with modern dance icon Martha Graham.
Sunami, John and Soichi were all featured in a 2018 family exhibition at the Cultural Arts Center, that also included art from sister-in-law Jennifer Sunami, son River Sunami, and music composed by husband, Christopher Sunami.
The style is a synthesis of abstraction and realism, where a more realist face, typically of an African or an African-American woman, is combined with a more abstract depiction of hair or clothing as a way of adding a psychological dimension to the portrait.
Sunami has been working almost exclusively in this style since 2006, and in more recent years, has enhanced the abstract portions of her work with mixed-media collages that tie her work back to the earlier Columbus-centered, female African-American mixed-media art movement sparked by Robinson.
Sunami has contributed to collaborative works by Creative Arts of Women and Mother Artists at Work, and done individual collaborations with visual artists Stephanie Rond, Queen Brooks and Lisa McLymont; and poets Naki Akrobettoe, Caroline Bennett, Dionne Custer Edwards, Barbara Fant and Katerina Harris, among others.
The mall houses the first hypermarket in Sibu, Daesco Hypermarket and Departmental Store as well as the largest all-in-one shopping mall in Sarawak's Central Region.
Construction works began only in August 2007 on a 4 hectare land in Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, about 6km from the Sibu town centre.
He is the alumni of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi alumni association and been as the President of the IIT Delhi alumni association in 2014-2015.
After the creation of the new state Uttarakhand, he was allotted Uttarakhand Carder and was posted as Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Haridwar.
Ashok Kumar shifted to central Government in December 2009 and did a short tenure in Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and a 4 year long tenure in BSF.
He raised the condition of the jawaans Border out Posts (BOPs) and he also took many welfare steps for BSF jawaans and families.
Ashok Kumar a badminton player from his young age and owns first All India Police Badminton Championship he was the first runner-up in the open category.
He also holds the positions of Additional Director General of Police (ADG) and secretary of police sports control board and honoured the Dehradun Marathon.
He is involved in the betterment of the society and have published a book Challenges to Internal Security of India, covering various aspects and topics to prevent students engaging in wrong content and being misguided.
The Albany-Fraser orogeny was an orogenic event which created the Albany-Fraser Orogen in what is now Australia between 2.63 and 1.16 billion years ago, during the late Archean and Proterozoic.
Tectonic history developed from isotope dating suggests that the orogeny occurred as the combined North Australia Craton-West Australia Craton collided with the East Antarctic-South Australian Craton.
The Kepa Kurl Booya Province, including its component zones, the Fraser Zone, Nornalup Zone and Biranup Zone represents the crystalline basement of the orogen.
For example, in 2011 geochronology dating of 1.71 to 1.65 billion year old granite and gabbro intrusions in the Biranup Zone suggested craton margin rocks rather than a previously interrupted small terrane wedged against the Yilgarn Craton.
In other cases, researchers attempting to reconstruct the supercontinent Rodinia suggested a possible connection between Australia-Antarctica and the proto-North American continent Laurentia (the SWEAT and AUSWUS hypotheses), but in 2003 paleomagnetic data from the Albany-Fraser orogeny suggested that Australia and Laurentia were at different latitudes.
Taveras became the first Hispanic mayor of the city and the third elected and fourth serving Dominican-American mayor in the United States.
Incumbent David Cicilline did not seek reelection, instead opting to run in the coinciding election for Rhode Island's 1st congressional district.
Cicilline was eligible to seek reelection to a third consecutive term as mayor, as term limits passed in 2006 (which limited mayors to two consecutive terms) would not go into effect until the following year.
The song was released on 8 November, 2019 and is is an ode to getting to that comfortable stage in a relationship when you can let your guard down and stop worrying about trying to impress your love interest.
After writing this song with Nicolle Galyon, Emily Weisband and Ross Copperman, Davis thought he's like to record it as a duet and thought of Michaels.
This was the highest rank of the Chinese officership, a branch of the civil bureaucracy through which the Dutch governed their Chinese subjects in the Indies.
Tan was born in Semarang, Central Java into what was then the city's most powerful Chinese dynasty, the Tan family of Semarang.
Her father, Tan Hong Yan, served as the second Majoor der Chinezen of Semarang from 1836 until 1851 in succession to her grandfather, Tan Tiang Tjhing (1770–1833).
In 1811, the latter was appointed the first Majoor der Chinezen of Semarang and, in fact, the whole of the Dutch East Indies.
She was married to Be Biauw Tjoan, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen (1826–1904), son of the tycoon Majoor-titulair Be Ing Tjioe (1803–1857), part of the Be family of Bagelen.
Her husband's family had risen up socially and economically through their association with her family, an alliance that was sealed by their marriage.
The only child of her marriage to Majoor-titulair Be Biauw Tjoan, Be Tiong Khing, was married to Liem Liong Hien, who succeeded his in-laws as Majoor of Semarang from 1885 until 1904.
Kennedy served as the head football coach, head men's basketball coach, and athletic director at Olivet College in Olivet, Michigan for four years beginning in 1904.
He served as the head football coach and head men's basketball coach at Lake Forest College in Lake Forest, Illinois from 1908 to 1913.
82 Wing RAAF (2010–11), and led Air Task Group 630 on operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2014–15).
He served as commander Air Combat Group RAAF from 2015 to 2017, Air Commander Australia from 2017 to 2019, and was appointed Head Force Design within the Vice Chief of Defence Force Group in June 2019.
He had originally intended to pursue graduate studies in medicine, but after joining the university glider club he gained a passion for flying and decided to embark on a career in aviation.
He specialised as a fighter pilot, training on the Macchi MB-326, before converting to the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet in 1993.
3 Squadron RAAF followed at RAAF Base Williamtown, before he was posted on exchange with the United States Marine Corps at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in South Carolina from 1996.
He was then selected to attend the Australian Command and Staff College, where he graduated with a Master of Management in Defence Studies from the affiliated University of Canberra in 2002.
Following the course, he was appointed Deputy Director Aircraft Survivability within the Capability Development Group and deployed in support of Operations Slipper and Falconer, Australia's contribution to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Roberton received a Chief of Air Force Commendation for his performance in the Middle East and, following his return to Australia, assumed command of No.
Towards the end of his three years of squadron command, Roberton thought he may have reached his ceiling in the RAAF and was again contemplating studies in medicine at the University of Queensland.
He was instead head-hunted to lead the RAAF's A$6.5 billion transition from the General Dynamics F-111C to the Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet, serving as Head Air Combat Transition Office from November 2006.
82 Wing RAAF in April 2010, having overseen the introduction of the Super Hornet into Australian service ahead of schedule and below budget.
Roberton next completed the Higher Command and Staff Course in the United Kingdom in early 2012, before returning to Australia in April as Director General Aerospace Development in the Capability Development Group.
The air task group deployed to Al Minhad Air Base in the United Arab Emirates as part of the coalition to combat Islamic State forces in Iraq.
Consisting of 400 RAAF personnel and eight aircraft, it was the largest air task group to deploy from Australia since the Vietnam War.
Under Roberton's command, Air Task Group 630 conducted airstrikes, flew in support of Iraqi and Kurdish ground forces, and assisted in freeing Yezidi people trapped in the Sinjar Mountains.
Roberton handed over command of the air task group to Air Commodore Glen Braz on 5 January 2015, by which time the Australian aircraft were flying approximately 13 percent of coalition airstrikes in Iraq.
Roberton was appointed commander Air Combat Group at RAAF Base Williamtown in January 2015, with responsibility for the administration of the RAAF's fast-jet combat aircraft and command of Australia's air combat operations.
Following promotion to air vice marshal, he succeeded Air Vice Marshal Gavin Turnbull as Air Commander Australia—responsible for the operational capability of the RAAF—on 1 May 2017.
Incumbent Republican Governor Eben S. Draper was defeated for re-election to a third term by former Republican Eugene Foss, running as a Democrat.
The Capricorn orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now Western Australia, following the collision of the Pilbara Craton and the Glenburgh Terrane with the Yilgarn Craton during the Glenburgh orogeny.
The Leake Springs Metamorphics are a group of siliclastic metasedimentary rocks covering the northern two-thirds of the Gascoyne Province and grading into low-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Wyloo Group in the north.
During the Capricorn orogeny, these rocks were intruded by the tonalite, monzogranite, quartz diorite and syenogranite of the Moorarie Supersuite (including the Minnie Creek batholith).
Throughout the orogeny, numerous phases of metamorphism took place, such as the reworking of older Archean granite and gneiss in the Paradise Zone and Mooloo Zone between 1.805 and 1.80 billion years ago.
During a second phase, the Yarlarwheelor Gneiss Complex and Errabiddy Shear Zone saw reactivation of faults and the transformation of psammite schist to chlorite-sericite schist.
The Court of Drapery, whose origins go back to the 12th century, was above all a judicial court and a chamber of commerce which was originally intended to regulate the trade and manufacture of sheets and to check their quality.
Until the revolution of 1421 they were all chosen among the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels and after, one Dean and four of The Eight were chosen from among the Guilds.
While most of the judges who belonged to this tribunal had nothing to do with the trade of clothiers, they were, indeed, chosen among the Noble Houses, not able to exercise any profession or trade, and among the members of the Guilds belonging to various corporations.
The 2019–20 Grambling State Tigers men's basketball team represent Grambling State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Tigers, led by 3rd-year head coach Donte Jackson, play their home games at the Fredrick C. Hobdy Assembly Center in Grambling, Louisiana as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
It forms the watershed between the Bang Pakong River basin to its north and several short rivers draining into the Gulf of Thailand.
The Chanthaburi Range forms a westward continuation of the Banthat Range (the section of the Cardamom Mountains forming the boundary between Thailand and Cambodia), and part of it is often considered the northwesternmost extension of the Cardamom Range itself.
The main Chanthaburi Range forms part of the provincial boundaries between the in-land Chachoengsao and Sa Kaeo provinces to the north and the coastal Chon Buri and Chanthaburi provinces to the south.
It is also considered to include three sub-ranges extending southward: the first in Chon Buri Province, including the peaks Khao Khiao and Khao Chomphu; the second forming part of the boundary between Chon Buri and Rayong provinces; and the third forming the boundary between Rayong and Chanthaburi provinces, including the peaks Khao Chamao and Khao Wong.
Igneous rock in the form of granite is extensively found in the composition of the main range, especially in the area of the two highest peaks.
The mountains feature several forested areas protected by several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, collectively known as the Eastern Forest Complex.
These include (in decreasing order of area): Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Khiao–Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Sip Ha Chan National Park, Khao Chamao–Khao Wong National Park, and Khao Khitchakut National Park.
The Mangaroon orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now Western Australia between 1.68 and 1.62 billion years ago in the Proterozoic, preserved in the rocks of the large Gascoyne Province.
During the Mangaroon orogeny, huge volumes of granite belonging to the Durlacher Supersuite intruded rocks in the Mangaroon Zone as high-grade metamorphism and deformation occurred.
Like the Capricorn orogeny, the Mangaroon orogeny is interpreted as an intracontinental deformation event due to distant collisions at the edges of the continent rather than an ocean-closing event.
A statue of William Ellery Channing is installed near the intersection of Boylston and Arlington in Boston Public Garden, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
He served as the head football coach, athletic director, and head men's basketball coach at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri during the 1909-1910 academic year.
The Musgrave orogeny was one of three Mesoproterozoic orogenic events affecting the Musgrave Province in Central Australia between 1.22 and 1.12 billion years ago.
Thomas R. Frey (April 3, 1936 – February 11, 2017) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 132nd district from 1973 to 1978 and as the County Executive of Monroe County from 1987 to 1991.
The Kararan orogeny was an orogenic event in the Gawler Craton of Western Australia during the Proterozoic between 1.57 and 1.55 billion years ago which reworked rocks metamorphosed during the Kimban orogeny.
The song was first revealed in October 2019, although Stefani's contributions remained a secret until a week prior to the song's release.
It also reached the top spot on the Digital Songs chart, becoming the second and third number one entry for Shelton and Stefani, respectively.
It serves as a glimpse of the couple's day-to-day life, featuring scenes of them cuddling, eating food at a diner, and visiting the construction site of Shelton's Oklahoma ranch.
He told her that he had a song he needed to get to me and sent it to her first and she sent it on to me.
The song was first teased by Shelton on his Instagram account, where he posted a snippet of the song the day before its scheduled premiere.
Over a month later, it was announced that the song would be released to country music radio stations on January 21, 2020.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic described the single as a power ballad and felt the song displayed Shelton's sweeter side, in contrast to the album's first two singles.
The key of the song is in C major, with the pair's vocal range spanning an entire octave, from C to G in scientific pitch notation.
In Australia, the single did not reach the ARIA Singles Chart, but instead entered the country's official digital tracks chart at number 36.
To coincide with the song's official distribution to radio playlists, the two revealed the music video's release date to be January 21, 2020; both singers uploaded teaser clips and pictures to their Instagram accounts in the days leading up to the event.
Footage of Stefani in the same setting is shown, with her rising from the ground as leaves fall from the trees surrounding her.
Later scenes feature Shelton and Stefani cuddling on a couch with Betty, enjoying a meal at a diner, and performing the song live in formal attire.
Additional clips of the two, filmed in a home video style, show them driving in a truck in front of a green screen.
She was arrested for insulting the president for a letter she wrote to Cevdet Sunay, and served eight months in prison.
Ingo Plag (born August 2, 1962) is a German linguist and Professor of English Language and Linguistics at the Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf.
The Mazatzal orogeny was an orogeny in what is now the Southwestern United States between 1.7 and 1.63 billion years ago in the Proterozoic.
Rocks deformed during the orogeny span central Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Colorado, with additional areas in southern Wyoming found in 2015.
Named after the Mazatzal Group in the Mazatzal Mountains of Arizona, the orogeny produced a large number of northwest-vergent folds and thrust faults.
After its recognition in the 1980s, the Mazatzal orogeny was interpreted as the collision and juxtaposition of the Yavapai and Mazatzal island arc terranes with shear zones representing sutures.
The Yavapai orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now the Southwestern United States around 1.7 billion years ago in the Proterozoic.
Preserved in the rocks of New Mexico and Arizona, it is interpreted as the collision of the Yavapai island-arc terrane with the proto-North American continent.
He served as the head football coach at Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1942 and Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania from 1943 to 1945, compiling a career college football coaching record of 15–12–2.
When Moravian shut down sports during World War II, Wolfson took the head coaching job at Lafayette College, which he held for three seasons, from 1943 to 1945.
The Picuris orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now the Southwestern United States between 1.5 and 1.4 billion years ago in the Mesoproterozoic.
The event is named for the Picuris Mountains in northern New Mexico and interpreted as the suturing of the Mazatzal island-arc terrane (also referred to as the Mazatzal crustal province) onto southern margin of the proto-North American continent Laurentia.
Ross merges a broad range of art historical and scientific references into fragmentary constructions that combine figures, objects, and spaces with a nod to the metaphoric associations they elicit.
For instance, in a 2017 show at False Flag Projects, Ross embedded portraits of Neil DeGrasse Tyson into the faces of flowers populating one of his sculptures, adorning representations of the natural world with the likeness of a public figure who explains the fundamental laws governing nature to a popular audience.
Martínez actively participated in demonstrating against the repression and abuses of the Carabineros de Chile towards the demonstrators as a result of the protests against the government of Sebastián Piñera in November 2019.
She was found dead in her apartment in Santiago on November 21, 2019 as a result of being stabbed and beaten.
The Unknown Hitman: The Story of El Cholo Adrián () or simply El desconocido, is a Mexican crime drama television series produced and broadcast by Cine Latino, along to Plus Entertainment.
The first season that consists of five episodes premiered on 27 July 2017 on Cine Latino, and aired every Sunday at 11:00 p.m.
It also tells about the murder of beauty queen Susana Flores, winner of the Miss Sinaloa contest in 2012, and also makes references to the meetings of actress Kate del Castillo with El Chapo.
While the first season was inspired by the lives of El Cholo, El Chapo and the Sinaloa cartel, the second season is totally fictional, although it is inspired by the daily reality that thousands of people live through the drug trafficking business.
The main concept of this show was celebrities lending their hands to the people who are facing turmoil in their lives inorder to help them.
The celebrities who are part of Telugu film industry turn themselves into concept of being common men and women among the society inorder to help the people who are facing turmoil in their lives.
The celebrities help the needy people by earning money through the course of the show and bring confidence to the people by giving those money.
He is an early contributor to research on patient-reported outcomes after treatment for various conditions including benign prostate disease, benign uterine conditions and prostate cancer.
Fowler was the founding Director of the Center for Survey Research at the University of Massachusetts Boston in 1971, where he served as director for 14 years.
While at Michigan, he spent four years at the Survey Research Center working with Charles Cannell on a series of studies of error in the National Health Interview Survey.
In 1965, Fowler came to work with Morris Axelrod, who was creating a survey organization in Boston to carry out a survey of the Greater Boston Jewish community.
In 1968, when that study was completed, the new survey organization moved to The Joint Center for Urban Studies of Harvard and MIT.
The center was funded entirely by grants and contracts to the Center staff and by collaborative projects with researchers from other New England universities.
Fowler worked on a wide range of projects, including studies of community crime prevention, gambling law enforcement, race relations and housing.
In 2002, he retired from the Center for Survey Research, though he continued to have a part-time relationship there, and became President of the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, which he helped in founding in the late 1980s.
While there, in addition to overseeing the Foundation's work in organizing clinical evidence as part of the creation of decision aids with its partner, Health Dialog, he also oversaw the creation of a program of research on how best to communicate health information to patients, how best to support patients making decisions, and how to integrate shared decision making and the use of decision aids into routine medical care.
Fowler was interviewed as part of the AAPOR Heritage Interview Series that aims to preserve knowledge about the founding of the public opinion research profession and the development of new ideas that have had a lasting effect on the work done in his field.
Another major study with Charles Cannell explored the potential of coding the interaction between interviewers and respondents in pretest interviews as a way of evaluating survey questions.
In graduate school at Michigan, he was a co-author on several reports about the sources of error in the Health Interview Survey.
Wennberg had observed wide variations in the rates at which medical services were delivered in adjacent communities in Northern New England.
Wennberg thought the differences were driven by differences in physician decision making, but critics thought all the differences had to be due to differences in the people living in the communities.
Fowler and Wennberg did a survey study of residents of 6 communities that differed widely in the rates at which they received health care.
The study showed that the patient characteristics could not account for the differences in care: the populations were all virtually the same with respect to health status, access to care and how well their medical needs were being met.
The most influential of these was a study of patients in Maine who were surgically treated for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), which causes problems with urination as men age.
Fowler and his colleagues applied survey methods in new ways to assess the extent to which men benefitted from surgical treatment.
While they found many patients had their symptoms improved, their most important finding was that men differed greatly in the extent to which the same level of symptoms bothered them and how they felt about the side effects of surgery.
This work lay the foundation for their work on the importance of informing and involving patients in treatment decisions so that they could play a meaningful role in deciding what was best for them as individuals.
Among the most enduring and widely used products of the work on BPH was the development of the American Urological Association Symptom Index.
Fowler also applied the measurement approaches used in the study of BPH to the treatment of other medical conditions including benign uterine conditions, AIDS and prostate cancer.
Among these studies a particularly important result was the finding from a national survey of Medicare patients who had had surgery for prostate cancer with complications, which include urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction, were occurring at much higher rates than had previously been thought.
In his work with the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, Fowler initiated three national surveys to take a look at how medical decisions were actually being made by representative samples of patients.
The first such survey was conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan; the second was done in collaboration with researchers at Dartmouth Medical School; and the third by researchers at the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making.
The surveys, taken together, showed the gaps in how well patients understood issues relevant to decisions about their treatments and how little they were involved in making many of those decisions.
In the late 1960s, the Urban Observatory Program undertook a survey project to collect comparable data about citizen’s views of their city services and functioning of the governments in ten major American cities.
In the late 1970s, there was an experimental effort in the City of Hartford to see if changing the physical environment of an urban neighborhood could help reduce crime and fear.
Basilio Cascella (Pescara, 1 October 1860 - Rome, 24 July 1950) was an Italian artist, active from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.
Instead, in April 1875, he went to Rome and was hired as an apprentice at lithography in the Luigi Salomone printing plant.
In 1879, he settled in Naples and came into contact with many other artists, including Domenico Morelli and Francesco Paolo Michetti.
He exhibited some works at the National Artistic Exhibion of Turin in 1884 and at the Art Exhibition of Venice in 1887 (together with artists such as Giovanni Segantini, John Singer Sargent, Giacomo Grosso, Cesare Tallone, Antonio Mancini, and Federico Bernagozzi).
Back in his hometown, Cascella resumed relations with Michetti and became part of the , frequented, at the time, by Gabriele D'Annunzio, Francesco Paolo Tosti, Costantino Barbella and other well-known Abruzzese artists, writers and men of culture .
On 30 January 1895, the city council of the city deliberated the transfer of land to allow Cascella to build a lithographic and painting studio.
Luigi Pirandello, Umberto Saba, Gennaro Finamore, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Sibilla Aleramo, Matilde Serao, Grazia Deledda, Ada Negri, Guido Gozzano, and Giovanni Pascoli all contributed to the magazines.
On 24 March 1929 he was elected deputy for the XXVIII legislature of the Kingdom of Italy, a position he held until 1934.
He was present at various exhibitions including the Rome Quadriennale of 1931, the Fourth Exhibition of the Fascist Provincial Union of Fine Arts of Abruzzo and Molise in Campobasso in 1937.
When Cascella was stationed in the military at Pavia in 1880, he met Metardo Rosso and Vincenzo Irolli, and started painting.
The work is kept in the Pinacoteca Cascella di Ortona in the Palazzo Farnese and subsequently appeared at the Exposition of the Society of Fine Arts of Rome.
The magazine took advantage of the collaboration of Italian and foreign artists, in the first year it was anti-D'Annunzio and anti-Futurist, as far as literature was concerned, and it was also anti-impressionist for the artistic field.
The entry of Italy into war overturned the magazine's thematic approach: interventionist, he included among his collaborators Sivilla Aleramo, his sons Michele and Tommaso, then the writings of Luigi Pirandello, Guido Gozzano, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the Negri, Baldini , the Sartorio, the Previati, the Irolli, the Spadini, and Umberto Boccioni.
In 1901 Basilio Cascella participated with La voce dei venti, lithograph preserved in the Pinacoteca of Chieti, at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Milan.
In 1907 he was in contact with the Drouot Gallery in Paris for an exhibition of the paintings of lilies Tommaso and Michele.
From 1930-31 he decorated the Head Gallery of the station of Milan, with five panels depicting the 5 Italian Cities, and the royal waiting room.
Large-scale majolica on the D'Annunzio themes of Iorio's daughter, the bridal coffers, with ceramic panels or round pieces were exhibited at Monza in the II and III International Exhibition of Decorative Arts, then in Rome at the Exposition of the Cultori di Belle Arti Society, and finally in the galleries in Pesaro and Milan in 1929 together with the works of Michele Cascella.
After moving to Rome in 1928, where he remained until his death, Basilio directed his production to celebrate, among other things, events of the fascist regime, his continuous presence in the artistic sector, had increased his fame, in 1929 he entered the Parliament, becoming Master of Art.
In 1927, he exhibited at the 4th Exhibition of the Fascist Provincial Union of Fine Arts of Abruzzo and of Molise, in Campobasso, the tempera.
The later works are the Marriage of His Highness King Prince of Piedmont (1930) at Villa Savoia, La giornata della Fede (Rome, Quirinal Palace), Italian People and Fabbro (1936-41), preserved at the time at the Ministry of the Interior , Trebbia del grano, already in Rome at the Ministry of Agriculture, and the composition allegory Trionfo della Libertà of 1947.
In 1934, he painted with his son Tommaso the two paintings with allegory Terra e Mare for the reception hall of the Palazzo del Governo in Bolzano.
Other works are collected at the Prefectural Picture Gallery in Chieti, in the Cascella Modern and Contemporary Art Picture Gallery, iand n the Farnese Palace in Ortona.
Sahir (İlker Kaleli), an officer trying to dissuade people from suicidal thoughts in a clinic affiliated with the Istanbul Police Headquarters, gets to know a scientist Bilge (Neslihan Atagül) because of a message.
In March 2017, Beren Saat and İlker Kaleli met at Soho House in Asmalımescit, Beyoğlu, and later announced that they were working together on a new project.
However, it was announced in February 2018 that the other two leading actors in the series, other than Kaleli, were Neslihan Atagül and Berrak Tüzünataç.
Apart from the names previously announced, Bülent Emin Yarar, Lale Mansur, Defne Kayalar, Olgun Toker, Gün Koper, Gözde Türkpençe and Can Gox were also included in the list.
Walter Lundin (April 20, 1892 – June 21, 1954) was an American cinematographer who worked extensively in Hollywood during the silent era and had a career through the 1950s.
The mixed doubles competition for bowling at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Philippines was held on 5 December 2019 at Coronado Lanes, Starmall EDSA-Shaw.
The 2019–20 Prairie View A&M Panthers basketball team represent Prairie View A&M University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Panthers, led by 4th-year head coach Byron Smith, play their home games at the William Nicks Building in Prairie View, Texas as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
In the SWAC Tournament, they defeated Alcorn State in the quarterfinals, Grambling State in the semifinals advancing to the championship game, where they defeated Texas Southern, earning the SWAC's automatic bid into the NCAA Tournament.
In the NCAA Tournment, they were matched up against Fairleigh Dickinson in the First Four, resulting in a 76–82 loss for the Panthers.
Due to its body lacking metameric (linear series of body segments) appendages, it's highly hypothesized that this creature was closest related to mollusks.
However, there are opposing theories regarding the accuracy of this categorization because its unsegmented body and U-shaped head is far too large to be considered a mollusk.
It also lacks a single shield-like mantle, although a mantle-like structure appeared to slip away from a dorsal side of the body in the holotype.
Another reason scientists hypothesize mobility for this organism is because in 2017, researchers from around the world observed the way that water flowed around its shell.
It was discovered that they were able to face the direction of the water current using their U-shaped heads, and are most likely the oldest known species to have this capability.
Tai Po Democratic Alliance () is a loose political alliance consisting of the 17 candidates in the 2019 District Council election for the Tai Po District Council.
With the pro-democracy camp winning all the elected seats in the election, the alliance also saw 16 of its candidates being elected.
While four of them ran under the banner of the alliance, the others ran either with their own political groups or as independents.
In order to maximise the pro-democratic forces, the incumbent District Councillors joined hand with eight other hopefuls to form the Tai Po Democratic Alliance.
Only alliance member Yam Man-chuen was unseated by another pro-democrat candidate Ho Wai-lam in Fu Heng, meaning the alliance unofficially winning a total number of 16 seats in total.
The son of Vasily Gubanov goes to Moscow with the hope of stopping the construction of his chemical enterprise, despite the huge amount of money and labor resources spent on the project...
The LeGrand Morse House, at 365 Main St. in Point Arena in Mendocino County, California was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
Its National Register nomination provides this interesting explanation of its importance:This house is associated with one of Point Arena's founding families and is the only building directly linked with one of its early leading citizens.
Le Grand Morse had a career of increasing prominence, beginning as a teacher and store clerk, moving into the sales of drugs and general merchandise, and finally becoming a lawyer and state legislator.
The construction materials all date from that era, but the irregularly shaped U—plan appears as if the elements of the building were somehow pieced together after construction.
Notably, this is the only nonsecular structure designed by German-American modern architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who at the time served as the director of the School of Architecture.
Bishop Conkling presented his proposal to fund and build a chapel complex with a meeting hall and parish house at IIT to bridge the gap between education and religion after World War II.
Before the chapel, Mies had already designed other IIT buildings which often had to be modified to accommodate university budget cuts.
After university administrators decreased funding, the design excluded the parish house design, although the steel frame was still in the plan.
Mies reduced the chapel to a building with load-bearing bricks, instead of steel, that held steel beams to support a concrete roof.
Bishop Conkling allegedly wanted to increase the presence of the Episcopal Church on campus by creating a place where students could engage deeper in faith.
Instead, Mies designed a modest yellow-brick prism whose only decorative features are the white, silk curtain behind the steel cross and the unadorned Roman travertine altar below it.
Robert F. Carr Memorial Chapel is a simple, unadorned rectangular box-like structure with a horizontally level roof sitting on a steel frame and a concrete layer.
The interior only has two sources of lighting: natural from the front entrance and artificial from the ceilings of the side walls.
The dark terrazzo flooring and lack of quintessential religious decorations direct the focus to the thin stainless steel crucifix against Shantung silk curtains.
Mies van der Rohe Society raised more than $1 million to restore the chapel by the end of the summer in 2013.
The company restored the roof, bricks, mortar joints, steel frames, flooring, doors, and benches and removed graffiti, shrubs, and water stains.
Further, the bricks to replace the cracked exterior wall came from an auxiliary wall of Bailey Hall, an IIT dorm constructed three years after the chapel.
Tin Shui Wai Connection () is a local political group based in Tin Shui Wai founded in 2019 by a group of LIHKG netizens.
In a historic pro-democracy landslide in 2019 District Council election, the group won four seats in the Yuen Long District Council.
Ex-member Leung Chin-hang who had run in the same constituency in the 2015 election faced another pro-democrat candidate, Ho Wai-pan of the Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre (NWSC).
Two candidates ran in a primary ahead the election, but the result was seen invalid as it did not meet the 800-vote threshold.
The rest of the candidates all won the election, gaining four seats in total and became the second largest political grouping in the Yuen Long District Council.
As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour, and their season began in January with the Tour Down Under.
With more than 4800 species of plants, including 1900 species of medicinal plants, 700 species of trees, 900 species of flowering plants, it is one of the most bio diverse place on earth.
Rare species like the Ficus alii tree or Ficus maclellandii, Beggar’s bowl or Calabash, Camphor tree or Cinnamomum camphora, Damas tree or Conocarpus lancifolius, Kattupoovarash or Rhododendron arboreum, Rudraksha or Elaeocarpus ganitrus are present in the park.
The main attractions in the park are the Eden Garden, Nakshatra Vriksha junction, valentine garden, domestic animal farm, tea garden, telescope tower, Meenoottu palam and vegetable farm.
The park also houses world's tallest statue of Parashurama measuring about 35 ft as well as biggest Bible statue with a measurement of 25 ft by 25 ft.
According to him, Agricultural theme parks are parks that are made within an agricultural area or adjacent to an agricultural area mainly with an objective to give supplementary income to the farmer and to provide value addition for farm products.
The main idea behind the agricultural theme park is to bring the buyer directly to the agricultural farm and to sell farm products directly to the buyer in a value added way without any intermediaries.
The farmers could raise some supplementary income other than through sales of farm produces or its value addition but from other means or activities on the farm land.
Mango Meadows has found place in URF World records and Limca Book of Records, for developing the maximum number of plant species in a minimum area of 30 acres.
It is a straggly shrub which grows between 5 and 30 cm in length, and has wedge shaped leaves, preferring to grow in sheltered locations in the sandstone of the Blue Mountains west of Sydney.
She is a Full Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases in the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard T.H.
After earning her MD at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, she completed an internship and medical residency in Internal Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
In 2019, Fortune's research lab, the Harvard Chan School IMPAc-TB Center, received a contract award to help establish three new Immune Mechanisms of Protection Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IMPAc-TB) Centers.
Trachurus delagoa, the African scad, is a species of jack mackerel from the family Carangidae which is found in the south western Indian Ocean.
The eye is moderately large and has a well-developed adipose eyelid which normally covers almost all of the of eye apart from a vertical oval with the pupil in the centre.
It has two separate dorsal fins, the first having 8 spines with the second having a single spine and 28 to 32 soft rays.
The anal fin has 2 detached spines to its front followed by a single spine and 24 to 28 soft rays.
It has a black spot on the upper margin of the operculum, the upper part of the body is dark blue and the flanks and belly are silvery.
The anal and pectoral fins are pale yellow in colour, the caudal fin is grey and the pelvic fins are white or unpigmented.
Black Dog: Being A Teacher () is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Seo Hyun-jin, Ra Mi-ran and Ha Joon.
They  are generated by rational design through an approach called RNA architectonics, which make use of  RNA structural modules identified in natural (or sometimes artificial) RNA molecules to form pre-defined 3D structures spontaneously.
By applying the knowledge of computational modeling and biochemical characterization, RNA can be shaped into defined geometries and conduct various functions.
As such, tectoRNA can also carry functions to build large functional nanostructures which can be used for synthetic biology and nanotechnology application.
This concept was extended to RNA by Jaeger and collaborators in 2000 by taking advantage of the concept of RNA tectonics initially proposed by Jaeger and Westhof and collaborators in 1996.
TectoRNAs can be seen as analogous to words, and, by using the natural syntax of RNA structural motifs, all kinds of thermodynamically stable shapes can be rationally designed and synthesized.
GNRA tetraloop, kissing loops, kink turns, A-minor interaction, etc, can be encoded within tectoRNAs to control their geometry and self-assembly into nanostructures.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cryo-EM are powerful techniques which give us a direct clue how RNA nanostructures look like.
TectoRNAs are typically originating from single stranded RNA molecules and once folded, they act like LEGO bricks to build up higher order architectures.
More recently, RNA origami was extended to the design of long single stranded RNA sequences able to fold into large pre-defined nanostructures.
Hence, RNA modular origami (originally called RNA architectonics), RNA origami and RNA single stranded origami are both originating from the same concept where RNA sequences can be design to self-fold and assemble into predefined shapes.
Though RNA nanotechnology is still a burgeoning field, tectoRNAs and resulting nanostructures have already been shown to be useful in nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and synthetic biology.
It is also possible to incorporate modified nucleotides within tectoRNAs in order to increase their chemical stability and resistant towards degradation.
The Inner Mongolia incident (), or Inner Mongolia People's Revolution Party purge incident (), was a massive political purge during the Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia.
The purge was supported by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and was led by Teng Haiqing, a lieutenant general (zhong jiang) of the People's Liberation Army.
It took place from 1967-1969 during which over a million people were categorized as members of the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP), while lynching and direct massacre resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands, most of whom were Mongols.
According to the official complaint from the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1980 after the Cultural Revolution, during the purge, 346 thousand people were arrested, over 16 thousand were persecuted to death or killed directly, and over 81 thousand were permanently injured and disabled.
Other estimates have put a death toll between 20 thousand and 100 thousand, while hundreds of thousands were arrested and persecuted, and over a million people were affected.
On the other hand, some of Teng's affiliates received various terms of imprisonment, with a main Mongol affiliate sentenced to 15 years in prison.
He was also criticized by central leaders like Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, whom themselves were soon persecuted in the Revolution.
On July 27, 1967, the northern branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced that Ulanhu had conducted five crimes, including anti-Maosim, anti-socialism, separatism, and so on.
During the movement, the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP) was claimed to have re-established itself and grown into power since 1960.
At least hundreds of thousands of people were categorized as the members of the PRP, whom were regarded as separatists and were persecuted.
The methods used in lynching and killing during the purge included branding with hot irons, feeding furnace wastes, removing livers, hanging, cutting tongues and noses, piercing nails, piercing vaginas, pouring hot saline water into wounds, and more.
According to the official complaint from the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1980 after the Cultural Revolution, during the purge, 346 thousand people were arrested (75 percent were Mongols), over 16 thousand were persecuted to death, and over 81 thousand were permanently injured and disabled.
After the Cultural Revolution, China's new paramount leader Deng Xiaoping came to power in 1978 and directed, together with Hu Yaobang and others, a large-scale rehabilitation of mistaken cases and false cases made during the Revolution.
On the other hand, in the 1980s, there were calls for trial of Teng Haiqing, the commander of the purge, but the Central Committee of CPC thought Teng had made achievements during the wars in the past and he would not have to take responsibility for the purge.
On the other hand, some of Teng's affiliates received various terms of imprisonment, with a main Mongol affiliate, Wu'er Bagan (), sentenced to 15 years in prison.
Pallavi Chatterjee (born: 30 October 1965) is an Indian actress and producer who is known for her works in Bengali cinema.
WOOK, which spawned an FM station (WFAN) and a TV station (WOOK-TV channel 14, later WFAN-TV), had its license revoked by the Federal Communications Commission in 1975 for an illegal numbers racket.
In 1976, with the station's fate nearly sealed, WOOK became Spanish-language WFAN, in a format swap that allowed the Black-formatted WOOK intellectual unit to stay alive.
The Federal Communications Commission had previously approved the granting of a construction permit to attorney Lawrence J. Heller on February 13, including a 50-watt synchronous amplifier to give the station full metropolitan coverage.
In 1951, Richard Eaton, whose United Broadcasting Company owned radio station WOOK (1590 kHz) in Silver Spring, Maryland, and newly signed on Washington FM outlet WFAN (100.3 FM), bought WINX from the Banks Independent Broadcasting Company for $115,000.
WOOK, established in 1947, was Eaton's first radio station; Eaton had previously been a commentator with WINX and then with the Mutual Broadcasting System.
In order to retain both stations and meet multiple ownership rules, the Silver Spring station license was relocated to Rockville, Maryland—which under pre-1950 Census Bureau guidelines was not part of the Washington metropolitan area—on 1600 kHz.
Additionally, Eaton switched the two stations' call letters, resulting in WOOK as the new 1340 in Washington, D.C., and WINX as the station at 1600 in Rockville.
The local of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers asked the FCC to reconsider approving the WINX-WOOK swap because the former WINX's union technicians had been replaced by United's non-union staff.
While Eaton had originally intended to make WOOK a talk outlet, the African-American printer of Eaton's suburban newspapers suggested that he cover Washington's growing Black population.
It was just the second such station aimed at a Black audience, after WDIA in Memphis, Tennessee, which then had an all-white air staff.
In 1956, WOOK relocated its transmitter to several lots purchased by Eaton in the Chillum Castle Manor subdivision, at 1st Place, NE.
In 1962, WOOK moved into a new, purpose-built radio and television studio at 5321 1st Place NE, and WOOK-TV channel 14 took to the air on March 5, 1963.
The station ceased broadcasting on February 12, 1972, as United faced mounting legal challenges to its various licenses and consequent financial reverses.
United asked the FCC to keep the WFAN-TV license active while it tried to sell it, but because United itself had no intention of restoring service, the stations' licenses were deleted in 1974 after United was ordered to return them to air itself.
However, United's troubles deepened when, on August 31, a competing application was filed for the 1340 frequency by Washington Community Broadcasting.
For WOOK radio, the FCC's questions revolved around the broadcast of false advertisements; the group also charged that WOOK was used in a numbers racket using fake Bible citations read over the air by ministers who bought air time on the station.
Hearings for WOOK stretched until September 1975, when the FCC denied its license renewal but did not resolve the status of the Washington Community Broadcasting application, so that the group could cure financial deficiencies in its application.
It would not be until August 24, 1976, that Washington Community Broadcasting Company's ten-year-old competing application for the 1340 frequency was granted.
When it became clear that 1340's license was doomed, Eaton opted to sacrifice the Spanish-language programming that had been airing at 100.3 FM to move WOOK's intellectual unit there.
However, as April 22, 1978—the final day of broadcasting for the WFAN license—loomed, Hispanic leaders in metropolitan Washington were left to evaluate their options; they attempted to purchase WGTB, which Georgetown University was selling at the time, but the University of the District of Columbia acquired the station, rendering the backup offer from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington—which would have run the station as a Spanish-language outlet—moot.
The Turkish sultan Solimano (Suleiman the Magnificent) has sent his eldest son Selimo (Selim II) and his half-brother Zanghire (Şehzade Cihangir) into the war against the Shah of Persia, Tamasse (Tahmasp I).
As a result of the campaign, Selimo is to marry the daughter of the Shah, Persane, and become ruler of Turkey and Persia.
The current sultana Roselane (Hürrem Sultan), mother of Zanghire and stepmother of Selimo, together with Grand Vizier Rustano (Rüstem Pasha) intrigue to eliminate Selimo and to make Zanghire sultan.
The vocal lines were generally written to be delivered in a smooth cantabile style, while the orchestral parts supporting them called for a more detached execution.
Modern performances of the 1768 version took place in 2010 and again in 2011 under Juan Bautista Otero, with the Real Compañía Ópera de Cámara as part of the Granada Music Festival.
The 6th Pioneer Regiment () is a military engineer regiment of the Italian Army based in the Cecchignola quarter of Rome.
Today the regiment is administratively assigned to the army's Engineer Command and the army's sole pioneer unit, whose focus, unlike the army's other engineer units, is on rear area construction tasks.
During November 1926 the Royal Italian Army raised a series of engineer regiments, among them the 6th Engineer Regiment in Bologna with the functions of a depot; i.e.
During World War II the 54th company was deployed to Slovenia and Croatia, until Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 and the regiment and company were disbanded.
On 4 September 1993 the battalions was elevated to regiment without changing its size or composition and on 1 December 1997 the regiment passed from the Central Military Region to the army's Engineer Grouping.
After the 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake the regiment was deployed to the affected areas, where it remained until May 1998, earning a Bronze Medal of Civil Valour for its service.
After the August 2016 earthquake in Central Italy the regiment was deployed to the disaster area and remained there until April 2017, building shelters and clearing debris, and providing engineering services to the affected communities.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
Each of the two pioneer battalions fields three construction companies with the necessary equipment to build camps, airfields, lodging, roads, etc.
The film, produced by Anthony Fankhauser, stars Ray Wise, Kevin Gage, Vernon Wells, Robert LaSardo, Dana Melanie, Sofia Mattsson, Kayla Carlyle, Monique Parent, and Jack Forcinito.
When a top secret Black Ops facility is breached from within by genetically modified Velociraptors, a final shipment is re-routed to a nearby prison to secure a half dozen of the beasts.
A trio of sorority girls (who are temporary 'guests' after getting busted for high-jinx after a particularly obnoxious party) find themselves trapped in the prison when these dinosaurs escape and go on a vicious rampage killing 90% of the prison population including the guards.
Forced to team up with the remaining prisoners they find themselves pushed deeper and deeper into the bowels of the prison to find a way out.
And to make matters worse the Black Ops organization enters the prison not only to collect their 'property', but also permanently silence anyone with knowledge of the situation.
In July 2019, Agamire was one of twenty-five players named in the Ugandan traning squad, ahead of the 2019 Cricket World Cup Challenge League fixtures in Hong Kong.
Lederman's research has examined, among other topics, the tactile psychophysics of texture perception, and the haptic processing of objects and faces.
She led a research project to design and test the addition of a tactile feature to Canadian banknotes, in order to increase their accessibility to blind and visually impaired users.
This article shows the rosters of all participating teams at the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship in Shaoxing, China.
The following is the roster of the Turkish club Eczacıbaşı VitrA İstanbul in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
The following is the roster of the Chinese club Guangdong Evergrande VC in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
The following is the roster of the Italian club Imoco Volley Conegliano in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
The following is the roster of the Brazilian club Dentil Praia Clube in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
The following is the roster of the Italian club Igor Gorgonzola Novara in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
The following is the roster of the Chinese club Tianjin Bohai Bank VC in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
Calendar Girl is an upcoming American documentary film about Ruth Finley (1920–2018), founder and editor of the Fashion Calendar, and is directed and produced by Christian D. Bruun and produced and written by Natalie Nudell.
From 1945, for 69 years, the influential subscription-only Fashion Calendar with its iconic pink pages and red covers—designed to be easily noticed on someone's cluttered desk—laid out every fashion show and event in New York City, including New York Fashion Week.
Besides Ruth Finley, the film features interviews with industry insiders Peter Arnold, Mark Badgley, Jeffrey Banks, Mickey Boardman, Andrew Bolton, Thom Browne, Bill Cunningham, Stan Herman, Carolina Herrera, Betsey Johnson, Harold Koda, Steven Kolb, Marylou Luther, Fern Malis, Nicole Miller, James Mischka, Ellin Saltzman, Tadashi Shoji, Valerie Steele, and Eric Wilson.
The video shows Gian Marco playing his guitar and singing the song at different parties while a couple of guys see a pretty girl and follow her to try to ask her to dance but something always prevents them from asking her.
Arne Sverre Birger Krogdahl (25 February 1909 – 10 May 1988) was a Norwegian chess player, Norwegian Chess Championship winner (1937).
With his win in the 2018 Malaysian General Election, he was appointed an Perak State Executive Council member serving in the Pakatan Harapan state government of Perak under Menteri Besar Ahmad Faizal Azumu.
In August, 2019 was arraigned in Ipoh Sessions Court under Section 376 of the indictment on the charge of raping his maid in a room on the top floor of Meru Road 2, Meru Village Park, near here, between 8.15 and 9.15pm on July 7 2019.
Paul Yong Choo Kiong was born in Sitiawan, Perak, Malaysia, His family were settlers of New Village Program introduced during the British rule of Malaya.
Yong received his education from SJKC Pei Min Ayer Tawar, and subsequently from SMK Ambrose, Ayer Tawar as well as Nan Hua High School of Ayer Tawar.
He also obtained a Masters in Business Administration from a correspondence University name Akamai, although pronounced by opposition politician Wee Ka Siong that the degree obtained by Yong is a part of a degree mill.
Entering politics in 2004, Yong quickly became the Political Secretary to Ngeh Koo Ham in the Sitiawan Branch of DAP Yong stood as the State Assemblyman candidate in the 2008 Malaysian General Election and won in the ADUN seat of N33 Tronoh in the state of Perak.
As the incumbent, Yong stood again in the same seat in the 2018 Malaysian General Election beating his closest rival from MCA Yuen Chan How by a majority of 10,501 votes.
Allegations first arose around early July and despite having police investigations returned, the it was resubmitted to the Attorney General Chambers for charges, resulting in Yong being charged in the Ipoh Sessions Court for rape of his househelper.
It then emerged that there was 'third party' involvement and Ngeh Koo Ham publicly saying that he had met the person who was paid to make the police report along with the househelper.
Despite an official request from the legal defense team to expedite the case and have it transferred to the high court for a faster hearing, the high court denied the transfer, requesting it be heard in the sessions court instead.
Yong opted to go on leave when pressure was stepped up calling for him to take leave-of-absence despite earlier rejecting the advise of the Menteri Besar Although he did proceed with the leave-of-absence, Yong returned to duty at the Perak State Legislative Assembly seating between November 16–22.
It was then alleged that Perak DAP Chairman Nga Kor Ming was overheard in a recording chiding Yong for his initiative to return to work, further compounding the rumour that 'black hands' were behind the accusation.
Allegations emerged during Yong's appearance in court when a few hundred of his supporters emerged to call for the resignation of Nga.
Despite his defense claim and emergence of third party involvement, Yong released a press statement urging his supporters to continue their support of the party and its leaders.
Other developments relating to this include the earlier resignation of Malim Nawar ADUN Leong Cheok Keng and Pokok Assam ADUN Leow Thye Yih in protest to Nga's statement of Party's decision on Yong's fate rather than the Party's state committee.
On 5 November 2019, Yong reported that his house was broken into while he was away on business, resulting in the loss of important documents as well as personal property.
Most of his work was exhibited during the period 1816-47 - some 66 of his works were displayed at the Royal Academy and another 13 at the Suffolk Street galleries.
Smith's studio was located at 69 East Street, Brighton (1869-1872), and his residence in 1871 was at 11 Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton.
Antitrichia curtipendula (also known as pendulous wing moss or hanging moss) is a species of feather-moss found predominantly in western North America and the western coast of Europe.
The stems of Hanging Moss can grow up to 15-30 cm long and are host to a leaf with, upon close examination, three midribs.
Some other locations that this particular species has been found are Denmark, the Eastern coast of Norway near Stockholm, Austria, the Western coast of France, and the Western coast of Spain.
The locations in Western Europe where Hanging Moss has been found are much smaller areas than those in Western North America, where the moss’ habitat is more extensive.
This moss is found in low to high elevation forests, ranging from around 0-2100 meters in elevation that are predominantly coniferous type trees.
Hanging Moss does not grow roots into the ground, instead growing complex root systems upon their host plant, that weave themselves into a tight matt and provide structure and support to the overall moss community.
Living up off the forest floor allows these epiphytes to gain access to the precipitation that may or may not reach them through the forest canopy.
Living in the canopy and/or not on the forest floor also gives these organisms access to more sunshine than they would get otherwise.
After germination and when first developing, moss will develop a thin, felt like structure on damp soil, rocks, tree bark, or rocks.
This transitional stage in the life cycle of moss leads to the growth of gametophore which then develops into stems and leaves.
Since these mosses do not want to grow on the forest floor, they cannot simply fall to the ground and take root.
Wind distribution allows for the moss spores to reach a greater distance than they otherwise would and allows for the spores to attach to surfaces within the canopy.
When birds and insects land on or brush against moss, they can retain spores on their bodies, carrying them through the forest to where ever they land next.
Since these mosses generally grow on trees, factors that threaten tree growth and health also threaten the growth of these epiphytes.
After this habitat is altered, they need to wait for the tree canopy to grow back before they are able to then inhabit the area once again.
These mosses tend to inhabit mid to old growth forests for the particular reason that these forests are already established enough to provide good structural support for these epiphytes.
Also, because these mosses are slow growing, which means to get a structurally sound community in one spot, they need to develop over time.
The 2nd Bridge Engineer Regiment () is a military engineer regiment of the Italian Army based in Piacenza in the Emilia Romagna.
Today the regiment is administratively assigned to the army's Engineer Command and the army's sole unit focusing on operational level river crossings.
On 1 January 1883 the Royal Italian Army raised the 4th Engineer Regiment (Bridges) in Piacenza with the functions of a depot; i.e.
One of the four bridge engineer companies, the 1st Bridge Engineer Company, had distinguished itself at the Siege of Peschiera in May 1848 during the First Italian War of Independence and arrived with a Bronze Medal of Military Valour, which was affixed to the flag of the newly raised regiment.
After the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo the regiment's companies built emergency bridges over the Torre and Tagliamento rivers to allow the Third Army to escape.
During the battles along the Piave river the engineers helped the Italian Army cross the river during the decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto.
After the war the 4th Engineer Regiment (Bridges) was renamed Bridge Engineer and Lagunari Regiment, to honor the conduct of the Lagunari units during the war.
On 15 May 1933 the regiment was split into the 1st Bridge Engineer Regiment in Verona and the 2nd Bridge Engineer Regiment in Piacenza.
The I and IX bridge battalions distinguished themselves in September 1941 as part of the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, when they repaired a long enemy pontoon bridge over the Dnieper river at Dnipro in Southern Ukraine under enemy fire.
The same year the regiment began to build the bridge for the yearly Festa del Redentore in Venice - a tradition that continued until the end of obligatory military service in 2000.
For its quick and tireless intervention after the Polesine floods in November 1951 the regiment was awarded a Silver Medal of Civil Valour.
On 1 March 1953 the regiment raised a second and third bridge engineer battalion, with the former being based in Legnano.
On 1 January 1954 the I Railway Battalion left the regiment to form the Railway Engineer Regiment, followed on 1 October 1957 by the II Engineer Battalion.
On 6 September 1974 the I Bridge Engineer Battalion was put into reserve status and switched then numbers with the II Bridge Engineer Battalion.
The battalion was elevated to 1st Bridge Engineer Regiment and assigned the war flag of the 1st Engineer Regiment in 1993, but was disbanded in 1997.
On 1 December 1997 the regiment passed from the Tuscan-Emilian Military Region to the army's Engineer Grouping, which on 10 September 2010 became the Engineer Command.
After the August 2016 earthquake in Central Italy the regiment was deployed to the disaster area and remained there until April 2017, rebuilding roads and bridges, and providing engineering services to the affected communities.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, Commissariat Platoon, and EOD Platoon.
The two bridge engineer companies are equipped with French , while the other two companies are equipped with a variety of cranes, excavators, etc.
Choi Su-ji (; born 10 April 1995) is a South Korean handball player for SK Sugar Gliders and the South Korean national team.
Next year Choi participated in the 2014 IHF Junior World Handball Championship where she helped her team to win gold by beating Russia 34–27 in the final match on 13 July 2014.
While playing in Colorful Daegu, Choi converted her position from center back to left wing and became a regular fixture in the Daegu lineup.
In December 2019 Choi was called-up to the South Korean national team and competed in the 2019 IHF World Handball Championship.
Jan David Col (6 April 1822, Antwerp - 19 February 1900, Antwerp) was a Belgian painter; known for his anecdotal genre scenes.
He often collaborated with other artists, such as Constant Boon (1830-1882), who also did genre scenes, , who painted farm animals (primarily chickens) and Henriëtte Ronner-Knip, who specialized in cats.
His works may be seen in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp and the Groeningemuseum in Bruges, as well as at various museums in Brussels, Chicago, Cincinnati, Montreal and Rostock.
She competed at the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished eighteenth with a score of 2282 points.
Carl Oscar Hovind (13 February 1901 – 5 February 1982) was a Norwegian chess player and writer, Norwegian Chess Federation president (1946–1949).
Marroquín studied art at la Universidad Nacional in Bogotá from 1967 until 1969 and moved to the Netherlands in the early 1970s to study at the Jan van Eyk Academie in Maastricht from 1971 until 1974.
Before going to The Netherlands, Marroquín worked as a sculpture and experimental artist, while he was also dreaming of the possibilities of photography, film and video.
When he arrived to Maastricht, he started studying graphics but was soon attracted to the experimental department which taught subjects like photography, film and video.
Up until today, Marroquín works mainly with audio/visual installations and since 1974, he has lectured about telecommunications and alternative television productions at diverse European universities in Europe, the United States and Canada.
It’s just not the same as a de Kooning to admire.” De Kooning, together with Francis Bacon, was Marroquín’s main visual influence back in the ’80s, especially for form and line.
He thinks that there have been no new theoretical breakthroughs since McLuhan to reply to the latest technological advances in the mass media.
After his arrival to Maastricht, Marroquín started 'Equipo Movimiento' in 1972 together with Young Tchong, a son of a Chinese entrepreneur, who owned a video camera.
In later years, he set up the World's First TV Convention and initiated De Hoeksteen Live, a local cable TV station in Amsterdam.
Equipo Movimiento became a success and soon presented video works and performances in many different cities, such as Lausanne, Liège, Saint Paul de Vence, Aalst, Bogotá and more.
Raúl Marroquín was one of the first artists to work with colour video, but he also experimented with the possibilities of art via the cable.
Art gallery De Appel was a partner in this project, though it was a fiasco due to the enormous bureaucracy and red tape in the Netherlands.
As a result, the planned satellite link could not be made, and The Link was only broadcast on the New York cable.
From then onwards he produced programs for Channel 4 BBC, Deutschland 3, Manhattan Cable and other local networks in the United States.
In the Netherlands, one of the episodes of Superman’s Last Adventure Series (Raúl Marroquín 1975 - 1976) was cable casted live by LOB, the first cable network in The Netherlands that was based in Amsterdam.
As a reaction on the constant same use of the visual language of television, Marroquin developed the idea to organize the world’s first television congress.
According to Marroquín, television, as well as video, are both mass media which have not changed since the beginning of it.
His biggest ambition was to change the visual language of television and with this aim, he organized the first television congress in 1980 which took place in The Bank, Haarlemmerstraat 118 in Amsterdam from June 23 until June 27th 1980 and is organized by Mad Enterprizes.
Within a very short period, the television was not only a mediator of TV programs, but also the screen of a computer which, according to Marroquín, should be questioned and studied.
Other points of focus were the hours in which the television broadcasts programs as well as the content of the television programs; television became a medium which was broadcasting every hour of the day and which televisions were not ready for.
Together with Dutch artist Marjo Schumans and Young Tchong, Marroquín initiated the paper 'Fandangos' which was published by Agora Studio in Maastricht.
During this period, Marroquín also organized lectures at the Jan van Eyck Academy and invited renowned artists such as Joseph Beuys and Robert Filliou for talks.
For the following issues of Fandangos, foreign artists were invited, not only for written interviews but also for taped versions of it.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 2586, out of 1,387 are males and 1,199 are females.
The 2019–20 FIM Endurance World Championship is the 41st season of the FIM Endurance World Championship, a motorcycle racing series co–organised by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and Eurosport.
The season started at the Bol d'Or on the 21 September 2019 and will end with the Suzuka 8 Hours on the 19 July 2020.
The South West Area, Ipswich is one of five administrative areas in Ipswich, through which Ipswich Borough Council divides its spending and enables feedback from local residents, businesses and community groups.
Broersen and Lukács is an artist duo living and working in Amsterdam and is formed by Persijn Broersen (Delft, 1974) and Margit Lukács (Amsterdam, 1973).
They have been working together since 2001 making mostly video-art and video-art installations using various mediums such as photography, video and animation.
Central to their artworks is the relationship between individuals and their environments, both nature and society, and how this is influenced by the current, media based society.
Their works have been part of numerous exhibitions but have also been shown on festivals, for example IFFR and Lowlands festival.
Several of their works can also be found in the collection of the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam and the Akzo Nobel Art Foundation.
Both Broersen and Lukács started their artistic education at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam, where they studied graphic design from 1994 to 1998.
After residencies at the Chinese European Art Center (Xiamen, China) in 2002 and Iaspis (Stockholm, Sweden) in 2006 they enrolled in a two-year residency at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam from 2007 to 2008.
They returned to the Chinese European Art Centre in 2010 after which they came back to Europe residing in the Atelier Holsboer (Paris, France) between 2011 and 2012.
Though fictional, the shots are made to look like documentary footage of a town that is slowly influenced by consequences of globalization.
Slowly, it becomes clear that the scientist is a somewhat lonely soul, in need of social contact in his direct environment while at the same time longing for the unknown world on other planets.
The story is based on interviews conducted by Broersen and Lukács with researchers and scholars on the topic of extraterrestrial space.
Broersen and Lukács built on the idea that the Disney classic Bambi can also be interpreted as a metaphor for human society as the sole thread of nature.
The video is accompanied by a soundtrack created by Berend Dubbe and Gwendolyn Thomas, who have distorted the original movie soundtrack.
By exploring these past depictions of the future, the artists wanted to show how the idea of the future in popular media can change with time and can be linked to certain ideologies.
The photographs in the video are of the landscapes used as filming locations for The Lord of the Rings series in New-Zealand.
With these shots, Broersen and Lukács want to show how nature can inspire movies, but also how these movies in return have changed the way the landscapes are viewed (for example the renaming of various sites).
A slight difference in technique causes the photo's to produce 3D scenes of the forest that aren't screen filling but rather appear to be floating in space.
An animated avatar of the Iranian opera singer Shahram Yazdani can be seen walking through the woods, singing a Persian version of Nat King Cole's Nature Boy.
The song is chosen because of its relation to Herman Yablokoff, a songwriter who claims to have written it and lived close to the forest.
The Cat Stones of Scotland or in Scots Gaelic, the Clach a'Chath, are natural prominent rock features or standing stones that are often linked to battles or burials.
The Cat Stones are mainly linked with battles or burials whilst a few may have primary or secondary connections with Scottish Wildcats (Felis silvestris).
Many hills also have 'Cat' as a part of their name such as Cat Castle, Cat Law, Cath Law, Cat Hill, Cade Hill, Cat Cairn, Hill of Cat, etc.
The long cists of an Early Christian cemetery were established in a Bronze Age site consisting of a standing stone and kerb-cairn dating from the second millennium BC, the standing stone then being re-used for an Early Christian inscription.
The Catstane stood in what had been an arable field on the farm of Brigs and tradition has it that it commemorates either a battle fought between the forces of Malcolm II and those of the usurper Constantine, or the spot where the latter was killed.
The battle itself is traditionally said to have been fought about 2 miles west of the Catstane at the Hamlet of Newbridge.
This standing stone, one of a pair, stands at NGR NN711478 and is also known as Coille Dhubh or Clach Taghairm nan Cat.
The associated legend is that at Halloween Scottish wildcats formed a circle around it to dignify a huge black cat that sat atop the stone.
In the Barony of Ladyland the Cat Craig is located beside the lane running up to Cockston Farm and is one of two drystone wall enclosed crags.
As an easily identified and prominent landscape feature that would serve as an ideal rallying point for the vassals of the laird prior to battle as was the borestone at Giffen Castle and Greenhills near Beith, also in North Ayrshire.
The Battle of Largs was fought in 1263 and nearby Camphill is said to have been a rallying point for the Scottish army.
The story associated with the Cat Stone is that circa 1652 a skirmish took place between garrison troops from Brodick Castle and a group of locals at Allt-a-Chlaideimh (Sword Burn) with the last soldier killed at Clach-a-Chath, the Battle Stone (NR918488).
Chen Xingbi (; 28 January 1931 – 4 December 2019) was a Chinese electronics engineer and professor at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Known for his invention of superjunction power semiconductor devices, he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
As a result of the Japanese bombing of Chongqing, the family fled again to the countryside in Hechuan, where he completed his primary and middle school education under harsh conditions.
After the end of the Second World War, Chen's family returned to Shanghai, where he studied at and was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering of Tongji University with a scholarship.
Upon graduation from Tongji University in 1952, Chen was assigned to teach at the Department of Electrical Engineering of Xiamen University.
In 1956, Chen furthered his studies at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he researched semiconductors for two and half years.
He joined the faculty of the newly established University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) in Chengdu in 1959.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), Chen was persecuted because of his family's Kuomintang background and performed manual labour at a May Seventh Cadre School.
After the end of the period he went to the United States in 1980 as a visiting scholar at Ohio State University and the University of California, Berkeley.
Chen was a leading expert on power semiconductor devices in China, known for his invention of superjunction, for which he was granted a US patent in 1993 (No.
He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 and a life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2019.
In 2015, he won the Pioneer Award from IEEE's International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD), the first awardee from the Asia-Pacific region.
It was founded in 1966 as a youth choir for the broadcaster Hessischer Rundfunk by Alois Ickstadt, who conducted it for 45 years.
The choral conductor and pedagogue Alois Ickstadt, who had founded the children's choir for the broadcaster Hessischer Rundfunk (hr) in 1961, founded a youth choir, which would become the Figuralchor, for the station in 1966, according to his concept to educate choral singers from childhood to adulthood in both vocal training and background information.
The choir's repertoire is focused on sacred and secular a cappella motets, but it also performs symphonic works and oratorios, such as Mahler's Eighth Symphony in the opening concert of the Alte Oper on 28 August 1981, conducted by Michael Gielen.
In the 1990s, the choir no longer received funding from the broadcaster and changed its name to Figuralchor Frankfurt, but it still has appeared in broadcasts.
Paul Leonard Schäffer became conductor in 2016, the year of the choir's 50th anniversary, after having assisted Lücker for three years.
Schäffer conducted the choir in a festive concert at the Clara Schumann Saal of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium on 16 September 2016 in a performance of Schubert's Mass in E-flat major.
In a historic pro-democracy landslide in 2019 District Council election, the group won two seats in the Tsuen Wan District Council.
After the police fired tear gas at the protesters, the group organised volunteer cleaners to wash off the tear gas residue at the market in Yeung Uk Road, fearing the chemicals would poison the food there.
The group filled three candidates in the 2019 election, with contesting in Tak Wah, Tam Pui-yan in Tsuen Wan Rural and challenging legislator Michael Tien in Discovery Park.
Adrian Lau left Deliberation Tsuen Wan on the New Year's Day in 2020, and it caused a decrease on the no.
In December 2019, he was named in the One Day International (ODI) squad for the 2019 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series.
He made his ODI debut for the UAE, against Scotland on 15 December 2019, and was one of three university students in the UAE's team.
In 2017, he moved to England to attend Winchester College on a cricket scholarship, where he led the school team in runs in both seasons he played.
Lin Wu was born in Minhou County, Fujian, and gradruated from Jiangxi Institute of Metallurgy (now Jiangxi University of Science and Technology).
Later he was appointed as the acting mayor of Loudi City in 2005, and promoted to the CPC Secretary in 2008.
The Persistence of Chaos is an art object in the form of a virus-infected laptop by the Chinese artist Guo O Dong.
This computer is equipped with the Windows XP operating system and was deliberately infected with the biggest viruses and malware in the computer's history.
The laptop was marketed through the artist's own website and was auctioned off as a work of art for $1,345,000 This led to worldwide media coverage.
Jan van Nuenen (born 1978) is a Dutch visual artist with a strong focus on media art, including video collages, computer animations and video installations.
Van Nuenen usually does not work with his own imagery but salvages the images that fascinate him and builds his computer animations with these.
Even though Van Nuenen does not work with a preexisting narrative, the narration often unfolds itself in the same direction, though, which often focuses on society’s rigid and mechanic components that keep the gears of this machinal society turning.
In December 2019, he was named in the One Day International (ODI) squad for the 2019 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series.
The Adelaide Independent and Cabinet of Amusement was a weekly newspaper published in Adelaide, South Australia from 5 August 1841 to 18 November 1841.
The paper, of four or five pages, was printed and published by George Dehane from premises on Morphett Street, adjacent Trinity Church.
The National Library of Australia has digitized photographic copies from 5 August 1841 to 18 November 1841 as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Project.
The mountain was named by the International Boundary Survey for one of its own members, George White-Fraser (1872-1920), who also served with the Canadian Infantry in France during World War I.
Weather permitting, the mountain can be seen from the gravel Granduc Mine Road near Hyder, Alaska, which is seasonally open in summer.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount White-Fraser is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
It showed erotic films in the 1980s that Taylor described as so mild they could be shown on broadcast television today.
However, Taylor noted that Toronto's heritage designation bylaws were weak, and its designation was not a guarantee it would not be torn down.
Tawse's renovations also included turning the small Italian grocery store next door into a restaurant, and adding a second storey to hold a bar - both to open in 2020.
On December 5, 2019, the night of the re-opening, the theatre hosted an instance of the Basement Revue, an ongoing series of live performances.
Jason Johnson is an American technology entrepreneur and investor who has co-founded several organizations including August Home, Founders Den, Rethink Books, and BlueSprig.
He also co-founded and chairs the Internet of Things Consortium, a non-profit organization formed by a group of companies in the Internet of things industry.
Johnson serves as CEO of August Home, a Bluetooth-enabled smart lock company he co-founded with Swiss industrial designer Yves Béhar, and as managing partner of Founders Den.
Before its acquisition by Darwin Networks, Johnson served as CEO of Interquest, a company which installed and operated high speed internet service in many apartment buildings in several U.S. cities including Seattle, San Francisco, Dallas, and Washington, D.C.
In the late 2000s, he became vice president of marketing and business development of Via Licensing Corp., a subsidiary of Dolby Laboratories, working on IEEE standards to bring together several patents and establish standard royalty payments for licensing them.
In January 2011, Johnson co-founded Founders Den, an incubator and coworking space for technology entrepreneurs and company founders, with Jonathan Abrams, Zack Bogue and Michael Levit.
Later in 2011, he cofounded BlueSprig with Hugo Dong, a software developer in China with whom he mostly communicated through Skype and email.
In January 2013, Johnson announced the formation of the Internet of Things Consortium along with several other companies including Logitech, Ouya, and SmartThings.
August Home came out of stealth-mode in May 2013 and released a Bluetooth-enabled smart lock that allows users to control access to their homes through an app.
Irravadee Makris (; born 20 January 1992), also known as Dee Makris, is an American-born Thai footballer who plays as a forward for the Thailand women's national team.
In high school, Makris played for the Rebels of Vestavia Hills High School, where she lettered three times and won the 2007 Alabama state title.
She also played for the Birmingham United youth club, where she won three consecutive Alabama state titles and was team captain, and was a five-year member of the Alabama Olympic Development Program.
Makris has appeared for the Thailand women's national team, including at the 2015 AFF Women's Championship, where she appeared against Australia U20.
She was also included in Thailand's squad at the 2019 AFF Women's Championship, appearing against Singapore and Malaysia, scoring a goal against the former.
Robin Elizabeth Mansell is Professor of New Media and Internet and Head of the Department of Media and Communications at the LSE.
In 2007 she was invited to address the UN General Assembly regarding the ability of the internet to break down global barriers.
She has been involved in running the LSE serving as the academic Governor from 2005 until 2010 and she became the Head of the Media and Communications Department in 2006 and served until 2009.
Mansell has been involved in the changes required to cope with new media including the changes in the law and international communication.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 1914 where 1009 are males and 905 are females.
Young Economist of the Year is an academic award granted to individuals that won the competition of the same name hosted by the Royal Economic Society (RES) in association with the Financial Times (FT).
High school students around the world taking A Level and equivalent economics courses are eligible to submit a 1500-word short research paper on one of the economics topics announced annually by the host to participate in the competition.
In the latest 2019 competition, 1300 submissions were received and 36 best entries were shortlisted by the judging panel (yielding a very selective 2.7% acceptance rate).
In the 2013–14 season, Al Sadd SC competed in the Qatar Stars League for the 41st season, as well as the Emir of Qatar Cup the Crown Prince Cup and the Champions League.
Atal Bhujal Yojana (or, Atal Jal) is a groundwater management scheme launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the 95th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on 25 December 2019.
Sidney Albritton (born September 12, 1971) is an American politician who served in the Mississippi State Senate from the 40th district from 2004 to 2012.
Among the offices in which he served was United States Marshal for Vermont, a position he held from 1794 to 1801.
Jabez Gale Fitch was born in Norwich, Connecticut on March 20, 1764, a son of Dr. Jabez Fitch (1729-1806) and Lydia (Huntington) Fitch (1735-1803).
Fitch was raised and educated in Norwich, and his numerous brothers and sisters included Ebenezer Fitch, the first president of Williams College.
During the American Revolution, Fitch went into the naval service while still a boy and he served on the Patriot side until the end of the war.
He served in the militia in Vermont, and attained the rank of colonel, the title by which he was commonly addressed.
When his parents and several siblings moved to Vermont in the late 1780s, Fitch joined them in relocating to the area around Vergennes.
He was active in the local Masonic lodge, served in local offices including town lister, and was involved in civic projects including construction of a courthouse in Vergennes.
His enterprises included speculating in land, mills, an iron works, and producing lumber and potash for transport to markets in Quebec via Lake Champlain.
In 1801, he purchased title to the town of Coventry from Ira Allen, then sold lots at moderate prices to encourage settlement in the area.
His tenure was most notable for his imprisonment of Democratic-Republican Party politician Matthew Lyon during Lyon's arrest and trial for violating the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Lyon's constituents reelected him to Congress while he was in jail; after the law against sedition expired in 1801, Thomas Jefferson, the first Democratic-Republican president, replaced Fitch as U.S.
He played college basketball with the Florida Gators, where he was a four-time All-SEC selection and led the team in scoring each season he played.
He was selected by the Boston Celtics as the 47th overall pick in the 1984 NBA draft but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
He has then played in the Continental Basketball Association for the Tampa Bay Thrillers, the Pensacola Tornados and the Mississippi Jets.
After his first season in the CBA he was back with the Boston Celtics for the 1985–86 preseason, but was cut in early October 1985 by Celtics coach K. C. Jones.
Williams was suspended along with three teammates for the first month of the 1982–83 season due to a telephone fraud case.
Williams, Vernon Delancy, Tony Rogers and Rodney Williams of the Florida Gators basketball team, along with Gators football player Lorenzo Hampton and sprinter Roger Dixon, were charged with making more than $1,600 in illegal telephone calls and placing them on the University Athletic Association's bill.
Marjorie Bell BSc, GradIEE, CEng, MIISO, MIOSH, HonMWES (26 December 1906 – 10 June 2001) was a British electrical engineer and factory inspector.
Bell had a number of jobs and ran her own clothing factory before becoming the first woman to study electronic engineering at the Northampton Institute.
She became a factory inspector in 1936 and worked across the country, receiving a medal for her work during the Second World War.
Upon her return to the United Kingdom she was promoted to district inspector and received the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.
She participated in the first European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization working group on electrical toy safety and became the first woman ever to chair a British Standards Institution technical standards committee.
Bell was a chartered engineer, a graduate member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, a member of the Institution of Industrial Safety Officers and a member of the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health.
She was an active member of the Women's Engineering Society, sitting on many of its committees and serving as president in 1956–57.
Bell attended a convent high school before finding work helping to make equipment at the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company which she had previously visited on a school trip.
After moving to Bungay, Suffolk, she held a succession of jobs including shovelling coal at a gas works for the Bungay Gas and Electricity Company.
In the course of her studies she spent a term and a holiday break working at the research laboratories of the General Electric Corporation.
Bell graduated from the Institute with a bachelor of science degree in 1934 and afterwards lectured at the Woolwich Technical College.
Also during this time she worked as a demonstrator at the showrooms of the Worthing Town Council electrical department, and afterwards for the Municipal Borough of Ealing.
She worked in Bristol, Walsall and the East Midlands inspecting factories that cured fish, made bricks, canned fruit and manufactured fertilizers.
In 1947 she was appointed inspector of labour in the British administered territory of Mandatory Palestine and later became chief inspector of factories in that state.
Bell supervised canning factories in Jaffa, potash, olive oil and soap works around the Dead Sea and oil refineries at Haifa and led a mixed Jewish and Arab team.
Despite the ongoing civil war in Mandatory Palestine which saw some of the factories caught in the crossfire Bell later stated that her time in Palestine was amongst her fondest memories.
After a year she returned to the United Kingdom as a factory inspector in Wolverhampton where she was responsible for the factories that made a large proportion of the British glass production.
She was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal in 1953 and served as president of the Women's Engineering Society for their 1956–57 session.
As a woman Bell was forced to retire at the age of 60 under a civil service policy of the time.
She sat on the first ever European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization working group on electrical toy safety and became the first woman ever to chair a British Standards Institution technical standards committee (which was also on toys).
Bell was a graduate member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and a member of the Institution of Industrial Safety Officers and Institution of Occupational Safety and Health.
He was the son of Edgar Horne (1820–1905), and younger brother of William Edgar Horne; and was educated at Westminster School from 1876 to 1880.
He supported Johnston Forbes-Robertson in 1905 at the Scala Theatre, which was enlarged by F. T. Verity and continued to 1911, when it became a cinema.
That year, the company had a run of three weeks for James Bernard Fagan at the Oxford Playhouse, playing Ibsen, Somerset Maugham and Roland Pertwee.
The licensee of the Westminster Theatre from 1931 to 1947, Horne took leading roles in productions there, under the stage name Waldo Wright.
Early in his tenure at the Westminster, the overlapping company of the Group Theatre of London emerged, with outsiders such as Rupert Doone and Ormerod Greenwood.
The Westminster Theatre was bought from Horne in 1946 by the Westminster Memorial Trust, who ran it on behalf of Moral Re-Armament.
Paul M. Viggiano (born February 17, 1943) is an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 62nd district from 1979 to 1982.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Agrarian Reform (MAFAR), is the regional executive department of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) responsible for affairs relating to agriculture, fishing, and agrarian reform in the region.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Agrarian Reform (MAFAR) was formed by to manage three sectors in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM); agriculture, fisheries, and agrarian reform.
On February 23, 2019, the first set of Bangsamoro regional government's ministers was appointed including Mohammad Yacob, who became the first agriculture, fisheries, and agrarian reform minister.
By December 23, 2019, the functions of the national executive department, the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) was transferred to the MAFAR, except adjudicatory functions.
Abu'l-Simt Marwan al-Akbar ibn Sulayman ibn Yahya ibn Abi Hafsa (723–) was a famous Arab poet at the court of the Abbasid Caliphate during the second half of the 8th century.
In order to pursue his career, Marwan left his family's home for Baghdad, where he quickly rose to prominence in the court circles.
He wrote numerous works in praise of his patron, of such skill and eloquence that on one occasion the Abbasid caliphs al-Mansur () and al-Mahdi () are said to have taken offence at the lavish praise, and to have excluded him from their presence for one year thereafter.
Nevertheless he always returned to favour, not least because he shared his family's hostility to the Alids and was a staunch propagandist of the Abbasids' legitimacy.
His brother Idris also wrote poetry, but it was Marwan's grandson, Marwan ibn Abi'l-Janub, who was the last notable poet of the family.
At the same time, this was typical of the poets of his time, and did not prevent other philologists from praising his work: Ibn al-A'rabi (d. 846) considered him the last of the great poets.
The bulk of his work is panegyric or elegiac in nature, but a few compositions on private, everyday affairs, have also survived.
The Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy (MENRE), is the regional executive department of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) responsible for affairs relating to the environment, natural resources, and energy in the region.
The Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy (MAFAR) succeeded the regional office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the now defunct Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
When the ARMM was succeeded by the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in 2019, the regional departments of the former ARMM were reconfigured into ministries of Bangsamoro.
Abdulraof Macacua was appointed on February 26, 2019 by interim Chief Minister Murad Ebrahim as the newly reconfigured Bangsamoro department's first minister.
However, in November 2011, he was called up by Erick Mombaerts to the France national under-21 football team for a pair of 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifiers against Romania and Slovakia.
In February 2012, he played his first and only game for the French side, against Italy, before being substituted by Frédéric Bulot.
In late 2012, Khazri switched his international allegiance once again, when he accepted a call-up from Sami Trabelsi, the Tunisian national team's coach, including him in the squad for the 2013 African Cup of Nations.
In the final group game, a 4–2 win over Zimbabwe at the Stade d'Angondjé, he assisted Naïm Sliti and scored a penalty in a 4–2 win that put the Carthage Eagles through at the expense of a favoured Algeria side.
In the second group match, he assisted Dylan Bronn and scored himself in added time in a 5–2 loss to Belgium in Moscow.
With both teams already eliminated, he then played his part in a 2–1 comeback win over Panama that was Tunisia's first at the World Cup since 1978; he set up Fakhreddine Ben Youssef and then scored the winning goal, the 2,500th in the competition's history.
Iosif Vigu played at international level in 22 matches for Romania and scored 2 goals, also appearing two times for Romania's Olympic team without scoring.
The 2019 DTM Nuremberg round is a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 6 and 7 July 2019.
Dauger first started his career at 17 years, as first-choice for Bayonne in 1936 while he was working locally at the cadastre.
In 1938, he shifts to the semi-professionalism of rugby league, playing for RC Roanne XIII alongside Robert Samattan and Max Rousié while working for the Devernois factory, not appreciating the pseudo-amateur mores of the championship at the time.
His two union international caps in 1945 for France on 1 January 1945 against Army Rugby Union (greeted by Jacques Chaban-Delmas, who will play alongside him in the following test cap against the British Empire XV on 28 April 1945), caused a very grave crisis against other national teams, being the reason of a 8-year eclipse.
He still would play for Bayonne until 1956; he is the great centre who inspired his successors such as Maurice Prat, Roger Martine and André Boniface.
Native to the high mountains of Europe, it is cultivated as an alpine garden plant, being considered easy to grow in well drained soil in a sunny position.
It can be propagated easily by removing rosettes with attached roots from a plant in late summer and growing them on.
Success St Fleur Jr better known as simply Success Jr, (Born December 3, 1987 ) is an Atlanta-based comedian, producer, actor, and writer.
Growing up, he found his passion for Comedy at the age of 6, performing in churches, weddings, schools, talent shows and more.
Success Jr has been a part of stand-up shows like Growing Up Haitian before taking his show on the road, and hitting cities like Montreal, New York, in addition to his home base South Florida.
He's most known for creating short videos online portraying his Mother ( Mama Junior) and his up bringing in a strong religious Haitian-Caribbean household.
He said his inspiration for his style of comedy came from George Lopez, the late Bernie Mac, Plus Pierre and also some unknown comedians that are usually grinding in the hole in the walls.
He had a packed schedule in 2019, taking his comedy tour Coming Through America, international and influencing a new style for the Haitian community.
The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as her companions, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, respectively.
As Ryan retrieves a snack from a vending machine, he is infected by a Hopper virus, which the Doctor is able to extract from him.
The spa's system, which tracks all the guests, shows Benni outside the spa, so the survivors go out to rescue him.
The group makes a run for a nearby service tunnel, but the Dregs kill Hyph3n and Benni is shot by Kane.
Bella escapes with Ryan via the transporter while the others are forced to continue further along to the stairs as Dregs swarm into the tunnel.
After the Doctor, Yaz, and Graham discover a rusted Russian sign, they deduce that Orphan 55 is actually Earth after it was devastated by global climate change and nuclear war in an unknown year.
As the Dregs surround the spa to attack, the group fixes the transporter and safely evacuate, leaving Bella and Kane behind to fight off the Dregs.
The Doctor tells them that while this timeline is only a possibility, she cannot promise that it will not come to pass; humanity can either make a positive change or accept their fate and end up like the Dregs.
Episode 3 was filmed on location in Tenerife, including the Auditorio de Tenerife for the external shots of Tranquillity Spa and the area around the dormant volcano Mount Teide for the barren wasteland.
Once news arrived in England of the number of seals there many vessels sailed there to gather seal skins and oil.
She had left on 3 February and she reported on the 19 British vessels she had left there, giving the number of skins and tons of seal oil each had gathered.
Capitol Hill's mystery soda machine was a vending machine in Capitol Hill, Seattle, that had been in operation since at least the late 1990s.
buttons and the dispensed drinks were rare cans, like those not ordinarily available in the US or cans that have not been in circulation since the 1980s.
In January 2018, the same month Seattle passed its sugary drink tax, the machine raised its price from its typical $0.75, to $1.00.
He was the formal featherweight Top Fighting Championship champion (x2) and He was signed by UFC after he won the second time the Top FC featherweight featherweight championship with amassed a record of 7-1.
The Sawine River is a tributary of the Rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of the Sawine River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Sawine River rises at the confluence of Lac du Virage (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
In the center of the inner circle of the medal, there is a composite consisting of a book (symbolizing education) and an atom (symbolizing science) description.
The circular plaque is attached to the five-pointed moire ribbon on which the colors dark blue, white and gold vertical stripes are illustrated.
A bronze rectangular plate of 37mm x 5.5mm featuring the composition of a book and an atomic description, as well as the wreathes is attached to the top of the striped ribbon.
The awarding body is defined in accordance with Article 23, Clause 23 (Powers of the President) of the Constitution of Azerbaijan.
The Minister of Education of Azerbaijan has been authorized to award the anniversary medal based on the Presidential decree dated 22 October 2019.
This medal is worn on the left side of the chest, if there is any other orders and medals of Azerbaijan, it is placed after them.
Torpedo Minsk were excluded from the league halfway through the last season and will not play in any league in 2020.
14-placed team of the last season (Dnyapro Mogilev) were relegated after they lost relegation/promotion playoffs against First League third-placed team Rukh Brest (who were promoted to replace Dnyapro).
Scottish Mussel is a 2016 film, written, directed and produced by Talulah Riley that revolves around the life of a Glaswegian criminal, Ritchie (Martin Compston), who becomes interested in poaching freshwater pearl mussels from rivers in the Highlands of Scotland.
During the course of his criminal enterprise, he falls in love with Beth, played by Riley, who is a conservationist from England.
Beth (Riley) is an upper class conservationist who is in Scotland to protect the freshwater pearl mussel from poachers who prise open the mussels and kill them for the pearls inside.
Thereafter, he finds it harder to engage in illegal pearl poaching and slowly starts to learn all the wildlife in the area to get closer to Beth.
The film is set in the Scottish Highlands region, but most of the production was filmed in and around Dunoon, in Argyll and Bute, with some scenes filmed in Glasgow.
This list of business and industry awards is an index to articles that describe notable awards given to business and industry.
The list is organized by region and country of the sponsoring organization, but awards may be open to people or organizations around the world.
This is a list of number-one singles during the 2020s according to the Sverigetopplistan, a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of Sweden.
The Referendums (Scotland) Act 2020 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament which was passed by Parliament on 19 December 2019.
This Act sets of a framework under Scots Law for the administration and governing of referendums in Scotland on any issue determined by the Scottish Parliament.
The Scottish Government intends that this Act will form the statutory basis for their proposed referendum on Scottish independence, which the First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, requested the power to hold such a referendum in late 2020.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Apart from Woodrow Wilson’s two elections, during the first of which the GOP was severely divided, no Democrat since William Jennings Bryan in 1900 had carried a single county in the state.
Still, in the previous 1920 election Oregon saw less decline from Wilson’s 1916 support than any other state in the West or Plains, so that after being Wilson’s poorest state in this region it was James Cox’s strongest therein.
Despite continuing overwhelming Republican dominance of the state legislature, 1922 had seen incumbent Governor Ben W. Olcott denounce the powerful Ku Klux Klan with the result that Democratic nominee Walter Pierce won the election on a platform to make attendance at public schools compulsory, without support from the more progressive faction of the dominant Republican Party.
The 1922 House of Representatives elections also saw Oregon elect to the 3rd District its first Democratic representative since 1880 in Elton Watkins.
Polls consistently showed that Oregon would remain firmly in Republican hands, and by mid-October it was clear that La Follette and Davis would run close for second place.
Ultimately La Follette edged Davis out for second place by a mere 814 votes out of 279,488, although Oregon was still Davis’ best state west of the Continental Divide apart from the two less isolationist states of Southern-leaning Arizona and Mormon Utah, with the Democrat’s best vote coming from historically Democratic and Ozark mountaineer-settled Eastern Oregon.
In May 2019 the section between Himmatnagar and Raigadh stations was commissioned (24 km) and in January 2020, Udaipur – Kharwa Chanda section (24 km), remaining under gauge conversion Raigadh – Kharwa Chanda (163 km).
The Morin river is a tributary of the Rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of the Morin River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Morin River crosses the road connecting Quebec (city) to Lac-Saint-Jean, in the northern part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve; both the lake and the river are used for speckled trout fishing.
The name of Morin evokes the life work of Joseph Morin (Baie-Saint-Paul, 1854 - Québec, 1915), merchant, farmer and secretary-treasurer of the Charlevoix municipality, before embarking on active politics.
Not having stood in the 1904 election, he was appointed governor of the prison in Quebec (city) two years later, a post he held from 1906 to 1915.
More than a hundred geographic entities, essentially lakes and small rivers, evoke various people of this patronym in different regions of Quebec territory .
The IMTRAT is responsible for the training of the personnel of the Royal Bhutan Army (RBA) and the Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan (RBG).
The team was led by BGS XXXIII Corps, Brigadier J S Aurora (later Lieutenant General and Eastern Army Commander during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971).
On 20 July 1962, Colonel B N Upadhyay (later Brigadier) of the 9th Gorkha Rifles took over as the First Commandant of IMTRAT.
The Wangchuk Lo Dzong Military School (WLDMS) was raised on 16 October 1962 and commenced training with 22 officer cadets and 49 non-commissioned officers.
The Commandant of IMTRAT acts as an informal advisor to the King of Bhutan, who is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Bhutan Army.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003 was passed by the Parliament of India in December 2003, and received presidential assent in January 2004.
The Indian Constitution was implemented in 1950 guaranteed citizenship to all of the country's residents at the commencement of the constitution, and made no distinction on the basis of religion.
The majority of them live in the states of Assam and West Bengal, but many attempt to find work in big cities like Delhi.
The reasons for the scale of migration include a porous border, historical migration patterns, economic reasons, and cultural and linguistic ties.
On August 15, 1985, after six years of violent protests against migrants and refugees in the northeastern states of India, the Assam Accord was signed between the Indian government and the leaders of the Assam movement in the presence of Rajiv Gandhi.
This accord, amongst other things, promised that the Indian government will deport all illegal aliens who had arrived after March 1971.
This amendment restricted the Indian citizenship to those born in India prior to 1987 to either a mother or a father who was an Indian citizen.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act of 1986 effectively blocked jus soli citizenship to the children of couples who were both illegal aliens and to second-generation refugees from citizenship rights in India.
In addition, in 1983, the Congress government passed the Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act, thereby establishing a system to detect and expel foreigners through tribunal proceedings.
After coming to power in 1998, the government drafted an amendment to the Foreigners Act, 1946 proposing jail sentences and fines for illegal immigrants as well as for those abetting illegal immigration.
After receiving a review report from the Law Commission, the bill was passed by Rajya Sabha in May 2003 and by Lok Sabha in January 2004.
The bill was introduced in the Parliament by L. K. Advani, the Home Minister, on 7 May 2003 during its Budget session.
It was sent to the parliamentary standing committee on home affairs, and came back to both the houses of the Parliament towards December 2003.
All the other changes to the citizenship law, some of the most radical ones since 1955, were passed without any comment.
More than a decade later, in 2019, a comment made by Manmohan Singh, the leader of opposition in the Rajya Sabha, got circulated.
The newly added clause (c) declares that, after 2003, if either parent of a child born in India is an illegal migrant, the child is not qualified to be a citizen.
The Third Schedule, which lists the requirements for naturalisation, was amended by increasing the residency requirement to 12 years from the earlier 10 years.
The 2003 Amendment mandated the Central Government to create and maintain a National Register of Citizens and to issue national identity cards to all the registered citizens.
In January 2005, it was reported that the Odisha government headed by Naveen Patnaik targeted 1,551 people in the Mahakalpada block for deportation, calling them illegal Bangladeshis.
Even though it was known that the majority of illegal immigrants in the area were Muslims, it was said that the Biju Janata Dal government was reluctant to target them.
The targeted persons, belonging to the Namasudra Matua community, protested these actions over the next 15 years, including hunger strikes in Delhi and Kolkata, and filing a Supreme Court petition demanding unconditional citizenship.
The Estimates Committee of the Indian Parliament estimated 5.2 million refugees from the present day Bangladesh in 1989, 70 percent of whom belonged to agricultural communities and were mostly from scheduled castes.
In 2012, the CPI(M) leader Prakash Karat wrote Manmohan Singh, then prime minister, reminding him of his 2003 statement and urging him to bring an amendment to address the minority community refugees.
After considerable debate, a revised version of the bill was passed as the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 and led to large-scale protests across India in 2019.
He is a firm advocate of the fight against climate change from a corporate perspective, which earned him the Order of the Rising Sun, as well as being a frequent speaker at global forums, most recently at the 2019 UN Climate Change Conference.
His father was José María Entrecanales y de Azcárate, chairman of Acciona (son of José Entrecanales e Ibarra, co-founder of the company) and his mother, Blanca Domecq y Zurita, was the daughter of the 2nd Viscount of Almocadén.
Between 1995 and 2007, he was chairman of Vodafone España and between 2007 and 2009 he shared the presidencies of Endesa and Acciona.
He is a polo enthusiast as well as a keen golfer with a 5,2 handicap, both of which he practices at Puerta de Hierro.
In this year she also won the Prague Grand Prix with a time of 15:48, the last year that the Prague Grand Prix was a five kilometres run for women.
The series stars Anna Cooke, Aston Droomer, Jamil Smyth-Secka and Abby Bergman as Maudie Miller, Ezra Banks, Kyle Klimson and Ava Andrikides, four fifth grade kids who solves crimes around school or neighbourhood.
He was captain of the Tamil Nadu U-19 team, He have also played for MS University, Anna University and he narrowly missed out on making it to the Tamil Nadu football team squad for the Santosh Trophy because of an injury.
The surface of the Rivière aux Canots is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The Rivière aux Canots rises at Lac Fleuret (length: ; altitude: ) in the forest zone in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
This list 2020 in paleomalacology is a list of new taxa of ammonites and other fossil cephalopods, as well as fossil gastropods, bivalves and other molluscs that are scheduled to be described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to molluscan paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.
The Belgian Albums Chart, divided into the two main regions Flanders and Wallonia, ranks the best-performing albums in Belgium, as compiled by Ultratop.
The Ghogha Christian mission was initiated by the Reverend James McKee in 1844 and was a part of the Kathiawar and Gujarat mission establishment started and supported by the Irish Presbyterian Mission.
About 1869, Wallacepur was founded on a tract of land near the village of Kareda about southwest of Ghogha by William Beatty, a missionary at Ghogha from 1867 to 1877.
The village was named after James Wallace, who had been appointed a missionary at Ghogha in 1845 and later at Surat.
At the time, there were eight houses, a church with a bell, a resthouse, a missionaries house, a public well, and a cattle pond.
Most men are engaged in farming, while many women have taken up roles as nurses, teachers, and clerks in nearby villages and Bhavnagar.
The village has a reciprocal arrangement with the nearby village of Kareda, with residents of both attending each other's religious festivals.
Each nation's score comprises the points earned by its three best placed athletes in every Sprint and Individual competition, the points earned in the Women's Relay competitions, and half of the points earned in the Mixed Relay competitions.
Pierrick Brandon Leroy Keutcha (born 10 December 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Crystal Palace.
Pierrick has been in the youth system at Crystal Palace since Under-9 level and signed his first professional contract on his 18th birthday.
He made his senior debut for Crystal Palace as a substitute on 1 January 2020 in a Premier League match against Norwich City, and started the move that led to Palace's late equaliser.
The 2019–20 Chinese Women's Volleyball Super League is the 24th season of the Chinese Women's Volleyball Super League, the highest professional volleyball league in China.
Angel Dust (stylized as Angel Du$t) is an American rock supergroup formed in Baltimore, Maryland in 2013, made up of members of Turnstile and Trapped Under Ice.
In 2019, Billboard noted them as one of the most important bands in broadening the scope of what hardcore punk is.
In 2018 she won the Dubai Marathon with a time of 2:19:17 which was a new course record at the time.
He made his first-team debut for the club on 26 December 2019, coming on as a substitute for an injured Jak Alnwick.
In the fifties and sixties, the club led a fairly quiet existence, although the number of members of both the men's and women's teams grew steadily.
The team managed to win the national title in 1980 and 1981, at the expense of renowned teams such as Sittardia and Hermes.
Together with Jacques Josten as the most striking player, along with other key players like Raymond Steijvers, Ronald Habraken, Arthur Huntjens and Paul Coenen, the group was able to win the national cup in 1986 and to the national championship in 1988.
In 1991, Guus Cantelberg and experienced players left Blauw-Wit, so it was decided to build a young team, led by goalkeeper Jacques Josten and player Raymond Steijvers.
At the end of the 1992/1993 season under the guidance of coach Peter Verjans, the team was able to reach and win the cup final.
Again the team was rejuvenated and under the leadership of coach Paul Coenen, a relatively inexperienced team managed to capture the Super Cup at the start of the 1993/1994 season against the much stronger and later national champion Sittardia.
On 16 April 1998, at a special meeting of members, it was decided by a majority vote to merge the two clubs.
Elections to Local bodies in Tamil Nadu were held in two phases in rural areas in the month of December 2019 viz.
It is also stated that Election Commission should conduct proper frame rule with the reservations for Women and SC/ST for the newly formed districts and shall conduct the elections for remaining 10 districts.
The elected Councillors of the local bodies will elect the heads of the urban local bodies among-st themselves after the results.
The film follows the three of them, as Tobias tries to stop the evictions, and the police try to save the hostages.
The Mumbai Fintech Hub is an investment platform, which was started by the Government of Maharashtra in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
The programme was launched in a partnership with National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), PayU, Fino Payments Bank, IndusInd Bank, IndiaFirst Life Insurance Company, SBI General, HannoveRe, Swiss Global Enterprise, CRIF High Mark, Microsoft, HDFC Bank, British High Commission and Monetary Authority of Singapore, PwC, NASSCOM, Indian Venture Capital Association (IVCA), and Payments Council of India (PCI), among others.
Some of the companies/startups who were selected under the programme are Bonfleet, One Wallet, Huepay, Phi Commerce, GoPlannr, M2P, Microchip Payments, Monitree, Riskcovry, Finlok, Credible, FinVu and News4Use.
Mithilesh Kumar Thakur is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Garhwa block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC) in Washington, D.C., was created in 2012 by the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law via a grant from the Pew Charitable Trust.
ERIC shares multi-state voter registration information to improve both the accuracy of voter rolls and the encouragement of greater voter participation in elections.
By 2019, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin had joined the partnership.
That was an extremely labor-intensive and largely ineffective enterprise that had been developed in the interests of protecting the integrity of elections by focusing on and identifying voters who cast ballots in more than one state in the same electoral period.
After years of major erroneous purges of voter rolls, harmful misidentification of legitimate voters, and costly operation in return for very marginal success, it was shut down in December 2019 in part off its own weight, but also as a direct result of litigation successfully brought by the Kansas Chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.
ERIC, on the other hand, was developed by minimalist data scientist Jeff Jonas, using his effective software in a multistate project to identify eligible voters who had fallen off the rolls via unreported changes of address, for instance, and thereby to increase voter participation and also to resolve errors in voter rolls, such as removing names of deceased voters..
Between 2012 and 2018, ERIC identified 26 million persons who were eligible to cast ballots but were not registered to vote, as well as 10 million registered voters who had moved, or who appeared on more than one list.
Administrators from both Democratic and Republican majority states have participated in the process of refining the product and reduced the challenge of handling data processing.
In 2017, researchers at Stanford University, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania and the Microsoft Corporation confirmed that Crosscheck produced erroneous eligibility data, elevating the potential of disenfranchising legitimate voters.
Follow-up research in some states concluded that 10 to 20 percent of those contacted had later registered to vote, a high response rate for direct mailings, Mr. Hamlin said.
Colorado's outreach produced the highest percentage of eligible, registered voters in the country in 2016, at 90 percent, up from 82 percent in 2012.
Jonas has been particularly pleased that ERIC has a two-person staff with one tending the constantly growing database of more than 275 million records.
Thereupon she received her education, financed by Empress Elisabeth of Austria, at the Conservatory of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna with Johannes Ress.
She made her debut in April 1885 at the Königliche Oper von Dresden, where she sang until the end of her career in 1915.
Forgie wasPrecentor of Killala Cathedral from 1626 to 1636; and Dean of Killala from then until his murder on 23 February 1642.
Bhushan Tirkey is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Gumla block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
The quantum Fisher information is the largest function that is convex and that equals four times the variance for pure states.
We need to understand the behavior of quantum Fisher information in composite system in order to study quantum metrology of many-particle systems.
Hence, a higher and higher levels of multipartite entanglement is needed to achieve a better and better accuracy in parameter estimation.
In 2010, the woman's team promoted back to the eredivisie after one year of absence, where they have been a stable factor since.
Carol Anne or Carol-Anne is a blended name combining Carol and Anne that is a Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish feminine given name derived from the names Karl and Hannah.
The Irish Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Ireland, as compiled by the Official Charts Company on behalf of the Irish Recorded Music Association.
The Irish Albums Chart ranks the best-performing albums in Ireland, as compiled by the Official Charts Company on behalf of the Irish Recorded Music Association.
Doyle began her riding career at the Herefordshire Pony Club and she rode her first pony race at the age of 9.
In 2013, Doyle had her first ride under rules as an amateur on The Mongoose at Salisbury, winning by half a length.
In 2019 Doyle set a new record for winners ridden in a British season, passing the previous record of 106 winners set by Josephine Gordon in 2017.
The 2020 Nagoya Grampus season is Nagoya Grampus' 3rd season back in the J1 League following their relegation at the end of the 2016 season, their 27th J1 League season and 37th overall in the Japanese top flight.
On 24 December 2019, Yohei Takeda signed a new one-year contract with Nagoya Grampus, whilst Naoki Maeda extended his contract for the 2020 season the next day.
On 27 December, Shumpei Naruse signed a new contract with Nagoya Grampus for the 2020 season, with Yutaka Yoshida following suit the next day.
On 5 January, Nagoya Grampus announced the signing of Ryogo Yamasaki from Shonan Bellmare, and that Shinnosuke Nakatani had renewed his contract with Nagoya Grampus for the 2020 season.
On 7 January, Shuto Watanabe and Kosuke Ota renewed there contracts with Nagoya Grampus for the 2020 season, whilst Kazuya Miyahara renewed his contract for the 2020 season on 8 January.
On 9 January, Tsubasa Shibuya renewed his contract with Nagoya Grampus for the 2020 season, Takashi Kanai returned from his loan deal at Sagan Tosu and Jonathan Matsuoka joined ReinMeer Aomori on loan for the 2020 season.
Founded in 2007, together with the Global Network for Public Theology, IJPT was established by a group of public theologians active in public discourse in the United Kingdom, such as Duncan B. Forrester of the Centre for Theology and Public Issues and Elaine Graham of Manchester University.
This includes politics, economics, law and security studies, cultural studies, religion, spirituality, the natural science and the social sciences and the study of globalization.
The journal attempts to provide a space for ecumenical dialogue and theological debate on global issues, in light of the emergence of world Christianity.
She also competed in the women's 800 metres T54 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics where she did not qualify to compete in the final.
In 2019 she competed at the World Para Athletics Championships winning the bronze medals in the women's 5000 m T54 and women's 800 m T54 events.
In the Chicago Marathon she finished in 2nd place in the 2012 Chicago Marathon, in 3rd place in the 2018 Chicago Marathon and in 4th place in the 2019 Chicago Marathon.
In the London Marathon she finished in 7th place in 2013, in 4th place in 2014, in 5th place in 2015, in 7th place in 2016 and in 3rd place both in 2017 and in 2018.
In the Boston Marathon she finished in 3rd place in 2014, in 3rd place in 2015, in 4th place in 2016 and in 2nd place in 2018.
On Saturday 15 September 2001, a Fokker 100 scheduled domestic passenger flight operating TAM route 9755, carrying 88 passengers and 6 crew, departed Recife-Guararapes International Airport for São Paulo/Campinas-Viracopos International Airport.
Fragments of the engine shattered three cabin windows, causing decompression and blowing the passenger in seat 19E partly out of the plane.
The North America and the Caribbean Handball Confederation (NACHC) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of handball and beach handball in north america and caribbean.
On 14 January 2018, during the IHF Council meeting, Pan-American Team Handball Federation was suspended by International Handball Federation and was divided into two continental confederations namely the North America and the Caribbean Handball Confederation and the South and Central America Handball Confederation.
The IHF Council decision was taken on the facts that there are no signs of development in the level of handball and beach handball in the North American, Central American and the Caribbean countries.
There was some development in South American level but that was also not comparable to the other continents like Europe, Asia and Africa.
No team from Americas had ever reached to the semifinal stage of the IHF World Men's Handball Championship and the IHF Men's Junior World Championship till date.
East Branch Sugar Creek drains of area, receives about 44.8 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 451.28, and has an average water temperature of 7.81°C.
Our Lady of the Turning Eyes () is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a moving and weeping statue in Rottweil in present day Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
As cited in the original Dominican document, 300 citizens of the town ceaselessly prayed the rosary at a statue of the Madonna and Child at the Dominican church.
On 10 November 1643 witnesses saw the statue turn pale and raise its eyes toward heaven then back to the city.
The statue remained in the church until 1802 following the secularization of Germany when the monastery was dissolved and the church was seized by the Kingdom of Württemberg.
The statue was loaned back to the former Dominican church temporarily from 5 March 2016 to 24 September 2017 while the Holy Cross Münster was under restoration.
He attended the Chicago Art Institute and Armour Institute of Technology, and he served as a pilot in Europe during World War I.
Man from Headquarters is a 1942 American crime film directed by Jean Yarbrough and written by John W. Krafft, Rollo Lloyd and Edmond Kelso.
Catherine Charnelle Mbengono (born 8 September 1996) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a left back for Éclair de Sa'a and the Cameroon women's national team.
Nicole Ellen Stratford (born 1 February 1989) is a New Zealand footballer who plays as a defender for USV Jena and the New Zealand women's national team.
Stratford was a member of the New Zealand under-20 national team which participated at the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile.
In June 2019, Stratford received her first call-up to the New Zealand women's national team for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, replacing the injured Meikayla Moore.
Though unused in the World Cup, she made her international debut on 7 November 2019 against China in the 2019 Yongchuan International Tournament, which finished as a 0–2 loss.
In 1931–1935, Paukštys studied theology at the Salesian Theologate of La Crocetta in Turin and was ordained as a priest in July 1935.
He was rector of the St. Michael the Archangel Church, Kaunas in 1940–1942 and the dean of the Holy Trinity Parish in Kaunas in 1942–1946.
He also sheltered adults (about 25 people) hiding them in a church or his office until a safer location was found with farmers in Suvalkija.
In a 1963 letter, Paukštys recalled that he hid from the German Gestapo on three occasions and estimated that he spent 6,000 or 7,000 Reichsmarks helping 200 Jews.
In August 1946, Paukštys was arrested by the Soviet NKVD, accused of aiding the anti-Soviet Lithuanian partisans, and sent to Gulag camps for ten years.
Gentlemen's Fury is a 2017 comedy film written, produced, and directed by Ben Sharples and Marissa Hall, and starring Sharples, Jake Head, and Audrey Ellis Fox.
The movie begins with professional tennis player Aaron Faust (Sharples) playing an exhibition match at the estate of the late Mickey Rooney.
Gentlemen's Fury is Dwayne’s answer to tennis’ image problem, and also, he promises, just what Aaron needs to turn his life around.
Though hesitant at first, Aaron is excited to learn that Gentlemen's Fury is made up of other former pros who were excused from the tour for questionable behavior and that the league takes significant liberties with the rules of tennis, essentially turning it into a contact sport, so he joins the squad.
But Aaron begins to realize as he gets deeper and deeper involved in this cult-like club that Gentlemen's Fury might not be all it's cracked up to be.
Dwayne, in true cult leader fashion, transforms from a guy spouting a new tennis utopia into a crazed psychopath with more than one homicide on his hands, while Aaron struggles at first to keep up, then just to survive.
The South and Central America Handball Confederation (SCAHC) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Handball and Beach handball in south america and central america.
On 14 January 2018, during the IHF Council meeting, Pan-American Team Handball Federation was suspended by International Handball Federation and was divided into two continental confederations namely the North America and the Caribbean Handball Confederation and the South and Central America Handball Confederation.
The IHF Council decision was taken on the facts that there are no signs of development in the level of handball and beach handball in the North American, Central American and the Caribbean countries.
There was some development in South American level but that was also not comparable to the other continents like Europe, Asia and Africa.
No team from Americas had ever reached to the semifinal stage of the IHF World Men's Handball Championship and the IHF Men's Junior World Championship till date.
It served as the Shotley Bridge Emergency Hospital during the Second World War specialising in plastic surgery, before joining the National Health Service as Shotley Bridge General Hospital in 1948.
Although it was once one of the largest hospitals in the Northern Region, after most of the earlier buildings had been demolished in the late 20th century, it refocused as a community hospital.
An orange–blue coalition ( ) is a type of governing coalition in Belgian politics that brings together Liberal parties (MR and OpenVLD, who traditionally use the color blue) and Christian democratic/humanist political parties (cdH and CD&V, who traditionally use the color orange).
These coalitions are also termed Blue–Roman (French: Bleue-romaine, Dutch: Rooms-blauw), corresponding to the colors of the liberal parties, and the Roman of the Roman Catholic Church for the Christian Democrats.
While the term originated after the 2007 Belgian federal election to designate the proposed federal coalition between christian democrats and liberals, several Belgian government coalitions correspond with this definition.
This coalition was known in the 19th century as the Unionist coalition, as it represented a union of the Catholics and Liberals against the Netherlands.
Between World War II and the 1980s, government coalitions alternated between those formed by the Orange-Blue coalition, and those formed by the Parti Socialiste/Socialistische Partij Anders.
An exception occurred before the 2019 Belgian federal election, when the Michel II Government used the coalition prior to the election.
According to the International Energy Agency plastics annual carbon budget may become equivalent of the world’s fifth largest climate heating country, emitting more than Germany or the UK.
Since 2010 the petrochemical industry has invested about $200bn, and $100bn more is planned to be spent, plastic production is expected to grow 40% by 2030.
Sixth mass extinction: According to the first global scientific review of insects in February 2019 found that more than 40% of insect species are declining and a third are endangered.
The only system with a higher death toll is the 1973 Flores cyclone that killed 1,650 off the coast of Indonesia.
In May 2019 according to University of Bristol UK emissions of CFC-11 from north eastern China particularly in or around the provinces of Shandong and Hebei had increased by around 7,000 tons per year after 2013.
Hurricane Dorian was the most intense tropical cyclone on record to strike the Bahamas, and is regarded as the worst natural disaster in the country's history.
Venice Italy had the highest water levels for more than 50 years caused hundreds of millions of euros of possibly irreparable damage in Venice.
Record low rainfall contributed to a continent-scale emergency that burned more than 5 million hectares and alarmed scientists, doctors and firefighters.
Jackson is product of SASC, Vallavilai and member of St. Joseph’s College, Trichy football team and he was part of Tamil Nadu football team to play in 71st Senior National Football Championship for 2017 Santosh Tophy.
He is professor of computer science at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, and director and founder of the Institute of Architecture of Application Systems (IAAS)..
He worked as research staff member in the Faculty of Mathematics at University of Bochum, where he obtained his PhD in Mathematics (i.e.
Leymann was main co-inventor and chief software architect of IBM's business process management and workflow products, and was appointed IBM Distinguished Engineer for this work.
In 2014, he was appointed full professor of computer science at University of Stuttgart where he founded the Institute of Architecture of Application Systems.
At this time, developers were quite unfamiliar with object databases, thus, Leymann helped to create tooling to ensure proper performance of corresponding applications.
Several languages have been proposed for modeling business processes, out which two languages are widely supported in industry: one of which is the OASIS (organization) standard Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) that Leymann co-invented and which in turn is based on Web Services Flow Language (WSFL), a language that Leymann authored for IBM; the other language is Business Process Model and Notation 2.0 (BPMN), which Leymann co-author too.
The architecture and implementation of workflow systems anticipated many aspects of service-oriented programming like the use of service interfaces, service invoker, or service listener.
Consequently, from 2000 on, Leymann helped to define several of the original web service standards like WS-Addressing, WS-Business Activity, BPEL4People, or the Web Services Resource Framework.
How the plethora of web service standards fit into an architecture for an enterprise service bus was described in a book on the web service platform co-authored by Leymann.
The work on the web services resource framework had already shown that elements of a computing infrastructure like hardware, operating systems etc can be perceived as services too - just like software functionality.
Consequently, complete applications can be outsource to the cloud, which requires standards and technology to provision and manage applications in such environments: Frank Leymann was initial co-author of OASIS TOSCA that allows to specify the structure of applications, their artifacts, and dependencies, as well as the associated operational semantics to automatically provision such applications.
Guidelines for building applications that fit properly into the cloud have been derived jointly with industry partners and was published as a vendor-neutral language of cloud computing patterns.
Leymann and his group investigated the use of pattern languages not only in the area of cloud computing but in several other domains like the internet of things, green business processes, or quantum computing.
Patterns are abstractions of concrete working solutions, but in course of the abstraction process the knowledge about these workings solutions is lost - with the consequence that working solutions are created over and over again when a pattern is applied.
In order to show that newly developed concepts are applicable outside of computer science they are applied to the humanities, especially to the domain of films and musicology.
Tania Modleski (born 1949) is an American feminist scholar and cultural critic, Professor of English at the University of Southern California.
Modleski argued that the formulaic nature of these genres gave readers the freedom to construct their own response, at a distance from the text.
The 1982 Toray Sillook Open was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo in Japan.
Syed Suhail Pasha (born 26 September 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Chennai City F.C.
Carol Ann or Carol-Ann is a blended name combining Carol and Ann that is an English and German feminine given name derived from the names Karl and Hannah.
The Rivière aux Canots Est is a tributary of the Rivière aux Canots, flowing in the unorganized territories of Lac-Achouakan and Lac-Moncouche, the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Rivière aux Canots Est is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The Rivière aux Canots Est rises at Lac Bonjour (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
This lake is mainly fed by the outlet (coming from the northeast) from Lake Calderly and the outlet (coming from the north) from Lac des Hannetons.
Jana Radosavljević (; born 4 November 1996) is a Serbian-born New Zealand footballer who plays as a midfielder for BV Cloppenburg and the New Zealand women's national team.
Radosavljević made her international debut for New Zealand on 7 November 2019, appearing in the 0–2 loss against China in the 2019 Yongchuan International Tournament.
Radosavljević was born in the Republic of Serbia, FR Yugoslavia to Serbian parents, but moved to New Zealand, where her aunt lived, after the Yugoslav Wars.
She attended Waterloo School in Waterloo, Lower Hutt for five years before returning to Serbia with her parents in February 2006.
Patric is from a family of curlers: his father Lars-Erik is a 1971 Swedish men's curling champion, uncle Thomas is a and two-time Swedish champion, and grandfather Stig is a 1968 Swedish men's champion.
Burgy is an active member of the French Federation of Youth and Sports, recognised as a Knight in the National Order of Merit in 2000 and an Officer of the National Order of Merit in 2004.
In 2011 Lapenko won the «Golden Leaf» award as one of the best young actors graduated from a Moscow film or acting school.
Characters played by Lapenko include a self-doubting engineer, a journalist producing the TV show «The Mystery of the Pit», and an eccentric steamroller driver Igor Katamaranov.
The series were created by him (he also played all of the characters) alongside comedian Aleksei Smirnov (the screenwriter and film director).
According to the authors' presentation of the series, it is styled like Soviet movies and isn't set in a particular time, but rather features a universe which combines the 1980s and 1990s.
District 6 stretches along the state's southwestern border, covering all of Mercer County and parts of McDowell, Mingo, and Wayne Counties.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, and overlaps with the 19th, 20th, 21st, 25th, 26th, and 27th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
She was a bass player for the Columbus Symphony Orchestra for 30 years and was the first black member of the orchestra's predecessor, the Columbus Philharmonic Orchestra.
She taught at several colleges after graduating from OSU, including at North Carolina State College, Kentucky State College, and Edward Waters College.
Utz, on bass, became the first African-American member of the orchestra and was, at the time, the only black person working for an orchestra of its size in the country.
He began training in ice dancing in 2008, at the age of 12, and competed with his first partner, Kristina Baklanova, for six seasons.
Morozov/Bagin made their international and Grand Prix debut during the 2018–19 season by receiving the Russian host pick slot at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup.
Later in the season, Morozov/Bagin went on to compete at the 2018 CS Tallinn Trophy and the 2018 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb where they placed 7th and 8th respectively.
Morozov/Bagin began their season at the 2019 CS Ice Star where they placed third in the rhythm dance, but later fell to fourth in the free dance and fourth overall.
At their next competition, the 2019 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb, Morozov/Bagin made their first international podium, placing second in both the rhythm dance and the free dance to win the silver medal overall.
The team once again set new personal bests in all three segments and surpassed their previous best total score by over 13 points.
In December 2019, Morozov/Bagin earned their highest placement to date at the 2020 Russian Figure Skating Championships, finishing just off the podium in 4th behind bronze medalists Tiffani Zagorski / Jonathan Guerreiro.
The rivalry between these two schools dates to their first men's college football game in 1966, and has continued across all sports, with the basketball series gaining attention as well, having started in 1968.
The schools have also shared conferences historically, with the rivalry stretching over the span of five conferences from the Missouri Valley Conference, to the Metro Conference, Great Midwest Conference, Conference USA, and more recently in the American Athletic Conference.
The schools would first face off as members of the Missouri Valley Conference in the 1960's and then both schools would be founding members of the Metro Conference, Great Midwest Conference, and Conference USA.
The schools were reunited as conference rivals due to the 2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment as members of the American Athletic Conference.
While the rivalry was represented annually in football, the true intensity of the rivalry was felt more deeply on the basketball court.
Most recently, with the football teams facing off in the 2019 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game, with Memphis claiming the victory.
Nov 24, 2001: Memphis was searching for their first winning season since 1994 and the story looked complete when the Tigers scored a touchdown with 2:16 left in the 4th quarter.
However, Bearcats QB Gino Guidugli led a 75 yard drive, including a 36–yard catch on 4th and 27, that would end with the Bearcats scoring a touchdown with 4 seconds left to win 36–34.
September 24, 2015: In a primetime Thursday night match, Memphis QB Paxton Lynch and Cincinnati QB Hayden Moore led a 99 point shootout.
Bearcats QB Desmond Ridder returned from injury to start and the teams went blow for blow, with the game having 6 lead changes.
However, the Tigers once again proved to be too much for the Bearcats and would win 29–24 to clinch an appearance in the 2019 Cotton Bowl Classic.
Cincinnati and Memphis were rivals, first playing in 1968, until the 2010–14 NCAA conference realignment the teams had not played since 2008.
The teams have faced off 79 times in basketball series history, with Cincinnati leading the all-time series 46–33 as of the end of the 2018–19 season.
March 29, 1992: In a rare coincidence, the Tigers and Bearcats faced off for the fourth time during the 1991–92 season, this time in the NCAA Elite Eight.
Nick Van Exel and Cincinnati defeated Great Midwest Player of the Year Penny Hardaway in the two regular season matchups and in the tournament final hosted in Chicago.
12 Cincinnati would prove to be too much for the Tigers again in Kansas City beating the Tigers 88–57 before falling to the Michigan Fab Five in the Final Four.
February 6, 1993: After four defeats in the prior season, Memphis and Penny Hardaway were ready for blood when the Bearcats visited the Memphis Pyramid.
4 Bearcats were defeated by the Tigers 68–66, recording Memphis their 1,000 program win and what would be Hardaway's only win as a player against Cincinnati.
9 Bearcats were defeated in Memphis 75–63, in what became famously Memphis coach Larry Finch's final game as he was forced to resign by University of Memphis administrators.
4 Bearcats came into their senior day game against the Tigers having won or shared each of Conference USA's six regular season titles, but the Tigers battled furiously to top Cincinnati.
Cincinnati missed all 16 of their three-point attempts, with senior Logan having to take charge and tie the game with only 6.9 seconds left to send it to overtime.
Memphis dominated the second half and led by 23 points from Chris Massie, Memphis won, 67-48, handing Cincinnati its worst defeat in eight years of Conference USA play.
Mistakenly believing the Bearcats to have the lead, James White received the inbound and scored a lazy shot with only a few seconds remaining.
January 4, 2014: In the first game of the two teams in the American Athletic Conference, the Bearcats came storming into FedExForum to take on the No.
Both teams would advance to the 2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament as the rivalry was rekindled in the new conference.
First playing in the 1977–78 season, Memphis now leads the all-time series 35–20 as of the end of the 2018–19 season.
The baseball teams have met a total of 133 times since 1962, with Memphis leading the series 66–47 as of the end of the 2019 season.
The Rivière Trompeuse is a tributary of the rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Trompeuse river valley is located between route 169 connecting Quebec (city) to Chicoutimi and route 155 connecting La Tuque to Chambord.
This valley is also served by some secondary forest roads of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
On the rivière aux Écorces, downstream from the confluence of the Trompeuse river and at the head of the lac aux Écorces des spawning grounds are recognized as one of the best spring fishing sites in the territory of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
The surface of the Trompeuse River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The species was first described in 2004, and the species name refers to the melon from which it was first isolated.
John Enns (born January 30, 1967) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 41st district from 2006 to 2018.
Metro Cebu is the main urban center of the province of Cebu in the Philippines, comprising seven cities and six municipalities.
The mayors of Metro Cebu are considered as the local chief executives of their respective localities and are also members of the Metropolitan Cebu Development and Coordinating Board (MCDCB) patterned to Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) but doesn't have legal and institutional powers & resources.
It was remodeled in the early 19th century and then converted into a hospital, as a lasting memorial to soldiers who died in the First World War, in August 1922.
The 14th Senate of Spain is the current meeting of the Senate of Spain, the upper house of the Spanish Cortes Generales, with the membership determined primarily by the results of the general election held on 10 November 2019.
At the election the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the largest party in the Senate but fell short of a majority again.
The new senate met for the first time on 3 December 2019 and after two rounds of voting Pilar Llop (PSOE) was elected as President of the Senate of Spain.
Other members of the Bureau of the Senate were also elected on 3 December 2019: Cristina Narbona (PSOE), First Vice-President; Pío García-Escudero (PP), Second Vice-President; Francisco Fajardo (PSOE), First Secretary; Imanol Landa (EAJ), Second Secretary; Rafael Hernando (PP), Third Secretary; and Cristina Ayala (PP), Fourth Secretary.
The ICC represents more than 45 million companies in over 100 countries These Guidelines cover Certificates of Origin as used in international trade, as opposed to any other purpose.
Certificates of Origin are a document utilized in international trade to identify the country of origin of products exported from one country to another.
In most countries, Chambers of Commerce are the trusted third party through which millions of Certificates of Origin are issued around the world.
Preferential Certificates of Origin relate to exports which fall under trade preference agreements between countries or groups of countries, which have special reduced (or zero) rates of duty on trade between the nations.
The publication, along with other rules of international trade published by the ICC such as the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (ICC Publication 600), Incoterms 2020 (ICC Publication 723) and numerous other ICC publications, form part of the structural backbone to international trade procedures around the world.
One of the most well-known activities of the ICC is its International Court of Arbitration in Paris, which has resolved disputes in international trade and investment since 1923.
The ICC maintains an online Certificate of Origin verification site at which Customs Authorities and other interested parties can verify the authenticity of Certificates of Origin.
At the ICC verification site, Certificates of Origin issued in Countries and the Chambers accredited under the ICC CO accreditation program can be reviewed.
To process Certificates of Origin properly, avoid legal liabilities relating to errors or fraud, and assure a minimum of problems for exporters and importers with Customs authorities and foreign embassies, Chambers that are Accredited by the ICC issue Certificates of Origin against this complex set of guidelines with trained professional staff.
TOGG, or Turkey's Automobile Joint Venture Group Inc. () is a Turkish automotive company founded as a joint venture in 2018.
The two models of the TOGG Turkish national car unveiled in December 2019 are both all-electric vehicles with 300 km or 500 km range options.
The Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence (CHAI) is a research center at University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) focusing on advanced artificial intelligence (AI) safety methods.
CHAI was founded in 2016 by a group of academics led by UC Berkeley computer science professor and AI author Stuart J. Russell.
CHAI's faculty membership includes Bart Selman and Joseph Halpern from Cornell University, Pieter Abbeel from UC Berkeley, and Michael Wellman from the University of Michigan.
CHAI is associated with numerous publications relating to AI safety, including papers presented at the International Conference on Machine Learning and the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
A portion of the book describes a period in her life where shje was held against her will by her husband's family in Afghanistan.
She was best known for her photographs from the late 1960s art rock scene and subsequently for her photographs of the country music scene.
She was born on Staten Island, and her father, Isidore, owned the Tudor Furniture Company, and her mother, Sylvia (Grossman) Rubenstein, taught elementary school.
She attended Curtis High School before moving to the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1967.
This resulted in her introduction to Andy Warhol, who she regularly photographed throughout the 1960s and who also introduced her to many celebrities at his Factory venue.
Bonnie Garner arranged for her to have access to the Fillmore East, where she documented many rock acts including Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, John Lennon, Yoko Ono, Lou Reed, Pink Floyd and Joe Cocker.
A trip to Nashville in 1975 resulted in a love affair with the personalities of country music, producing a large body of work on celebrities like Johnny Cash, Tammy Wynette, Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson.
In 2019 he represented Kenya at the 2019 African Games and he won the men's half marathon with a time of 1:01:42.
In 2018 he won the Honolulu Marathon with a time of 2:09:01 and the half marathon event of the Rock 'n' Roll San Diego Marathon with a time of 1:01:02.
He abdicated and ordered his supporters not to elect a new patriarch, but before the end of his life he had regained the exercise of his patriarchal functions.
The identification of the abbot, bishop and writer with the patriarch was first made by Afram Barsoum in the 20th century.
It is a mystical tract in three sections devoted to the Trinity, Christology and the spiritual gifts given by Christ to both angels and humans.
Instrumental in its foundation was its first Rector Patrick Fleming from Leuven, also involved was Fr Malachy Fallon, the Professor of Theology in Louvain, who persuaded the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II to permit foundation of an Irish College in Prague.
The establishment was seen as being part of a re-catholicisation of Bohemia, by the Habsburgs, but also to provide clergy for Ireland.
Ehsan Ghahari (; born 17 June 1998) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Defender for Iranian club Nassaji Mazandaran in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He made his debut for Nassaji Mazandaran in 30th fixtures of 2018–19 Iran Pro League against Paykan when he Sent off in 98' in his first match played in Iran Pro League.
The musical focuses on a dystopian world where academic competition defines each students' worth, and students do whatever it takes to get to the top of the leaderboards, including paying for their grades.
Holmes has been the director of theatre arts at Granite Bay High School since 2012, and Gomes is a local composer and musician who serves as the high school theatre program's musical director each spring.
Holmes & Gomes chose to focus their new musical on academic pressure because that's the story their students wanted to tell.
Holmes & Gomes looked at examples of people, especially adults, achieving academic success by any means necessary, such as the Atlanta Public Schools cheating scandal and the District of Columbia Public Schools graduation scandal.
One of Holmes & Gomes goals was to create a story that took student experiences seriously and didn't present them as caricatures dealing with meaningless problems.
Ironically, Rick Singer, the mastermind behind the 2019 College Admission Bribery Scandal, worked with the Granite Bay High School community a decade prior to Ranked being written.
The Granite Bay High School cast held an encore concert-style performance on June 8, 2019 at the historic Crest Theater in Downtown Sacramento.
The production was directed and choreographed by Broadway veteran Mindy Cooper, and starred Chloe Boyan from the original Granite Bay High School cast, and Shelby Wulfert, from Disney Channel's Liv and Maddie.
The show is currently being licensed by high schools across the country, having already mounted productions at Davis Senior High School and Narraganset High School.
The UC Davis Ground and Field production received three 2019 BroadwayWorld Regional Awards for Sacramento: Mindy Cooper for Best Direction of a Musical (non-professional), Chloe Boyan for Best Actress in a Musical or Play (non-professional) and the entire production for Best Musical (non-professional).
Ryan Danielle Torrero Rojas (born 1 September 1990), known as Ryann Torrero, is an American-born Chilean footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Santiago Morning and the Chile women's national team.
In high school, Torrero played for the Crusaders of Village Christian School, where she was the team captain as a senior and a two-time CIF first-team selection.
She also played for the Real So Cal youth team, where she won the San Diego Surf Cup, the Coast Soccer League's Premier League and the Super Y League.
She took a medical redshirt for her 2009 season before transferring to Campbell University, where she played for the Lady Camels from 2010 to 2012.
She was included in Chile's squad for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, though she did not make an appearance.
In 2016, Torrero was in a severe traffic collision on U.S. Route 101 near Camarillo, which put her career on hiatus after suffering head, back and hip injuries.
As they take cover inside, Gideon orders a trooper with a flamethrower to burn them out; the Child uses the Force to reflect the flames back and immolate the trooper.
Arriving at the Mandalorian enclave, they find it abandoned except for the Armorer, who explains that the Imperials found the enclave .
Upon seeing the Child who on Arvala-7, the Armorer mentions that its powers are similar to those of the Jedi, ancient enemies of the Mandalorians.
The Mandalorian uses his jetpack to fly up to Gideon's fighter and plants explosives, which knocks the craft out of the air and crashes into the desert.
With the Imperials seemingly dealt with, Karga invites the Mandalorian to return to the Guild, but he refuses, as he must take care of the Child.
As the Mandalorian departs Nevarro, Gideon cuts himself out of the downed fighter with a dark sword outlined in white energy.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 100% with an average rating of 8.75/10, based on 26 reviews.
Arculf spent nine months in Jerusalem before transmitting the story of his travels to Adomnán, for the benefit of other pilgrims.
Naveed Kamran Baloch is a Pakistani civil servant who serves in BPS-22 grade (highest attainable rank for a serving officer) as the Finance Secretary of Pakistan.
Baloch has previously also served as chairman of the State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan and as Principal Secretary to the Chief Minister of Sindh.
The sourcebook gives biographical profiles of notable personalities from Zahn's novel, and brief profiles of planets and aliens mentioned in the novel.
The new hospital closed to inpatients in September 2016 and in June 2019 the trust advised that a group was working on proposals for the future of remaining services at the hospital.
He has won many medals nationally and internationally, including 12 Gold, 16 Silver, 11 Bronze medals at India's Roller Skating National Championships and 22 Gold, 15 Silver and 12 Bronze medals at the Andhra Pradesh Roller Skating State Championships.
In the All India Inter-University Games, he has been represented Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada for the two years and was the All India Inter-University Champion in both the years.
He is the first individual athlete from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University to secure the gold medal in the All India Inter-University Games.
His debuted for Team India in 2014 at the 16th Asian Roller Skating Championship held in Haining where he placed fourth.
In 2017, he won 1 Silver and 1 Bronze in the Open (Senior) Category in the Pair Skating and Couple Dance categories with his partner Shaik at the 17th Asian Roller Skating Championship in Lishui.
In 2018, he secured a Silver Medal in Open (Senior) Category in the 18th Asian Roller Skating Championship held in Namwon City, South Korea.
Satchit Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana (15 January 1934 – 4 May 2007) was the 34th Chief of Army Staff of the Royal Nepalese Army.
His paternal grandfather, Maharaj Kumar Commanding General Pratap Shamsher J.B. Rana, had been the Governor of Palpa (1924–1929) as well as the Commanding General of Northern Nepal (1932–1934).
His paternal great-grandfather, Commanding General Maharaja Sir Bir Shumsher J.B. Rana, had been the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal and the Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski (1885-1901).
He then began pursuing a BA degree at BHU but dropped out in the last year due to his successful results in the Officer Cadre Selection Examination for the Royal Nepalese Army.
He completed his training and was commissioned into the Royal Nepalese Army in the rank of Second Lieutenant on 22 July 1955.
At the time, the then Lieutenant Rana was the second officer in the Royal Nepalese Army to have received training from Sandhurst.
After being promoted to Captain in 1962, he underwent further training at the Nepalese Military Academy which at that time was based in Nagarkot.
At the start of his tenure, he completed his parachuting training course which was facilitated by the instructors of the Israel Defense Force.
By the early 1970s about nine thousand Khampa fighters, Tibetan tribesmen resisting Chinese authority, had crossed over the border to the remote Nepalese district of Mustang.
In addition to carrying out illegal military activity, the Khampa fighters had been pillaging, plundering and killing members of the local communities.
Consequently, a joint agreement between the Nepalese and Chinese governments was signed, with the common objective of disarming the Khampa fighters.
Before the deployment of the entire taskforce, the then Lieutenant Colonel Rana led a small reconnaissance team to gather military intelligence in order to formulate the procedure of disarmament.
After having identified the locations of various military camps, gauged their military capabilities and identified the leaders of the Khampa fighters, Rana devised the plan of operations.
The main battle group of the task force was based around the Shree Shreenath Battalion, which was under the command of Rana.
After having received multiple false promises of disarmament from Gey-Wangdi, the commander of the Khampa forces, military units under the command of Rana moved in to occupy the camps on 1 August.
Whilst Rana was able to dismantle all the camps, recover large quantities of weaponry and capture a number of Khampa fighters, Gey-Wangdi was able to escape.
In 1978, the Royal Nepalese Army deputed Rana to work in the headquarters of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon as Chief Operations Officer.
The UNIFL had been set up by the United Nations in response to the South Lebanon conflict which took place the same year.
Rana's tenure as COO saw the Tyre District, a designated UN area, being infiltrated and occupied by eighty Palestine Liberation Organization fighters.
This destabilised the military and political situation, as Israel had only recently withdrawn troops from Lebanon on the condition that the PLO would follow suit.
He personally led the negotiations with the PLO fighters and their leaders, including Yasser Arafat, who were based in the surrounding regions.
When they met in person at the UN Headquarters in New York, Waldheim offered Rana a tenure extension in lieu of his effective leadership of the UNIFL.
Rana was involved in the minimisation of violence and vandalism which was being carried out by certain reactionary groups of the protest.
During the Third SAARC Summit held in November 1987, as COAS he was in-charge of the overall security, logistics and administration.
In late ‘89 and early ‘90, protests broke out in Kathmandu and in other parts of Nepal in support of a multi-party democratic system.
On 9 April, King Birendra allowed for the establishment of a multi-party democratic system and the creation of a new constitution.
In the new system of governance, King Birendra became a constitutional monarch with a large amount of political power transferring to the elected representatives.
During the drafting of the new constitution, Rana provided suggestions to the then Prime Minister and Defence Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai.
During his tenure, he aided in the establishment of the Shree Birendra Army Hospital in the Chauni District of Kathmandu and the Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya in Bhaktapur.
In 1995, during the 50th Birthday Celebrations of King Birendra, Rana was appointed the Vice Chairman and Treasurer of the Golden Jubilee Birthday Ceremony Committee.
In 2005, when the Seven Party Alliance and 12 Point Agreement was carried out, Rana considered these alliances to be unnatural.
He established the Gurkha Hill Resort, which is still open in the Gorkha Municipal District, and began apple farming in Mangchet, Rasuwa District.
Her mother, Wangari Maathai, is a social, environmental and political activist and the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, in 2004.
Mathai was a student at State House Girls' High School in Nairobi, and after she completed high school she moved to New York City to attend Hobart and William Smith College.
wPOWER promotes women in renewable energy leadership in an effort to bring renewables to almost four million women in East Africa.
Despite the modernisation occurring in Kenya, women still spend several hours a day collecting firewood, and half of all deaths in children under 5 years old occur due to household air pollution.
The foundation looks to advance the legacy of Wangari Maathai by promoting a culture of purpose with young people serving as leaders.
In this capacity Mathai convinced the Kenyan Environment Minister Judi Wakhungu to commit to restoring 12.6 million acres of deforested land in Kenya by 2030, building on her mother's environmental activism legacy.
This is part of the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100), which Mathai oversees, an initiative to restore over 100 million hectares of deforested land in Africa by 2030.
If that's not enough, the studio is trying out the new consiline-hypnosis treatment, which conditions the actors to believe they really are the characters they portray.
And Sasha, a giant anaconda grown to one hundred feet in length with hormones, has been brought in to provide the menace for the current episode.
Series director Eisenhower Lynd tries to keep things light by telling limericks, which Knight later tries to top, drawing a rebuke from Sorokin lest it spoil the actors' indoctrination.
They quarrel, Knight threatening to sack Sorokin as soon as the current series if concluded, and the later rejoining he can put the whole studio out of business with his new drug, somnone-beta, that will indoctrinate audiences with scripts from which they can dream their own adventures.
In maturity he became a mercenary in the service of the tyrannical King Djurk of Djelibin and fell in love with the king's daughter Lululu, thus incurring the king's wrath.
The actors playing King Djurk and his henchman Boger tie up Lululu (Cassia) in the temple set as bait to lure rescuing hero Cornzan into the jaws of the snake.
A month later, the two are rich; to stay in business, the studio is paying them through the nose to suppress Sorokin's patent on the somnone-beta process.
Cassia had thrown Hahn over for Dallas in the wake of the disaster, but found him all looks and no intellect.
The 2020 Army Black Knights football team represents the United States Military Academy in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Black Knights finished the 2019 season with a record of 5–8, finishing in third place for the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy following losses to Air Force and Navy, and missing out on a bowl for the first time since 2015.
On December 20, reporter Pate Thamel of Yahoo Sports initially reported that John Loose would be moved out of the defensive coordinator position to assistant head coach and that wide receivers coach Marcus Edwards would not return to the staff.
On December 21, former beat reporter Sal Interdonato, now with Black Knight Nation, confirmed Thamel's information and added that defensive line coach Kevin Lewis and outside linebackers coach Matt Hachmann, both of whom joined the Army staff for the 2019 season, would not be returning in 2020.
This was confirmed on January 2, when Nate Woody was announced by head coach Jeff Monken as Army's new defensive coordinator (DC).
He had previously spent the 2019 season as a defensive analyst for Michigan, helping the Wolverines to edge out Army in double overtime.
Prior to that he was the defensive coordinator under Monken-mentor Paul Johnson at Georgia Tech in 2018, the DC at Appalachian State from 2013-2017 during their transition into the FBS, and the DC at Wofford from 2000-2012, who were fellow SoCon members with Jeff Monken-coached Georgia Southern.
Included in the news of Woody's hire was that former DC John Loose would be elevated to Assistant Head Coach in addition to serving as a position coach.
On January 8, Troy announced that they had hired away assistant strength and conditioning (S&C) coach Rusty Whitt to be the new head football S&C coach for the Trojans.
Whitt had joined the Black Knights' staff for the 2019 season following nine seasons as the head S&C coach at Louisiana and Texas Tech.
He had previously served as the WR coach at Army in 2015 and 2016 before moving on to be the passing game coodinator/WR coach at East Carolina.
On January 16, Sal Interdonato and Black Knight Nation reported that inside linebackers coach Kevin Corless, who had been on the Army staff since Monken's first year in 2014, would not be returning for the 2020 season.
This was confirmed two days later on January 18 when Gasparato was officially announced as the newest Army defensive assistant coach, with his specific position duty to be announced at a later date.
Gasparato previously spent the 2018-2019 seasons as the safeties coach for Appalachian State and the 2015-2017 seasons as the inside linebackers coach at Wofford.
On January 20, the West Point Athletic Department announced the retirement of quarterbacks (QB) coach Mitch Ware following a 35-year career, the past six of which were spent with the Black Knights.
Worley came to the Black Knights following six years (five seasons, 2015-2019) as the QB and B-backs coach for Kennesaw State during that program's creation and very rapid success at the FCS-level.
On January 24, two new assistant coaches were announced by head coach Jeff Monken: Shiel Wood as a defensive assistant and Saga Tuitele as the offensive line (OL) coach.
Wood joined the staff after spending the 2019 season as the inside linebackers coach and special teams coordinator for Georgia State.
Prior to that, he spent the 2018 season with Woody at Georgia Tech as the safeties coach and the previous eight seasons at Wofford in various capacities including a year as DC.
Tuitele joined the Black Knights staff after spending the previous four seasons as the OL coach and run game coordinator for New Mexico.
Prior to that he spent seven seasons with Cal Poly as the OL coach and offensive coordinator and the 2007 and 2008 seasons as the OL coach at Army.
On January 28, it was announced that offensive analyst Matt Drinkall would be promoted to tight ends (TE) coach, replacing Sean Saturnio who would be shifted back to special teams coordinator to cover for Mike Krysl's leaving to join Arkansas.
With these announcements, all of the core assistant coach positions on staff were covered, with the only exception being the specific position group announcements for coaches Gasparato, Loose, and Wood.
Skye Blakely (born February 4, 2005) is an American artistic gymnast and a member of the United States women's national gymnastics team.
In early 2018 Blakely competed at the Buckeye National Qualifier and the WOGA Classic, where she placed sixth in the all-around.
In early July, she competed at the American Classic where she placed third in the all-around behind Kayla DiCello and Konnor McClain.
Later that month she competed at the 2018 U.S. Classic where she placed sixth in the all-around and third on vault.
She finished in fourth place in the all-around behind Leanne Wong, DiCello, and Sunisa Lee and won silver on floor exercise and bronze on vault.
In February Blakely was named to the team to compete at 2019 L'International Gymnix in Montreal, alongside Olivia Greaves, Lillian Lippeatt, and Kaylen Morgan.
While there she helped the USA win team gold and individually she bronze in the all-around behind Canadian Zoé Allaire-Bourgie and teammate Greaves.
In June Blakely competed at the Junior World Championships Trials where she placed first in the all-around and was named to the team to compete at the inaugural Junior World Championships alongside Kayla DiCello and Sydney Barros.
While there she helped the USA win team bronze and individually she recorded the seventh highest all-around score but did not place due to DiCello and Barros both placing higher.
In July Blakely competed at the U.S. Classic where she placed fourth in the all-around behind Konnor McClain, Barros, and Greaves.
In November 2019, the offer of Too Good To Go extended to plants through a partnership with the French retail plants company Jardiland.
In December 2019, Too Good To Go partnered with the French grocery retail stores Intermarché, and donated 60K euros to the French charity Restaurants du Cœur.
Too Good To Go is a free mobile application that connects customers to restaurants and stores that have unsold, surplus food.
País Portátil () is a Venezuelan film screened in 1979 and directed by Iván Feo and Antonio Llerandi based on the novel of Adriano González León.
Mohammad Javad Jalalian (; born 30 January 1995) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Defender for Iranian club Nassaji Mazandaran in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He made his debut for Nassaji Mazandaran in 12th fixtures of 2019–20 Iran Pro League against Persepolis.It was his debut in Iran Pro League too.
He was Archdeacon of Killala from 1661 until 1673; and Prebendary of Killaraght in St. Crumnathy's Cathedral, Achonry from 1670 to 1673.
In 1996, Gradac accompanied Sejo Sexon and Elvis J. Kurtović, with whom he restarted band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s.
The designers still seem to be groping for a style, as if they’re not quite sure how far they can go.
He practiced law in the Boston area until he managed the legal aspects of the acquisition of Pixar by Steve Jobs.
Following the acquisition, he went to work for Apple, where he worked on the project to license the Macintosh operating systems to Apollo Computer.
While at Claris, Komisar negotiated deals with Filemaker, which the company would morph into over time, but failed to negotiate an attempt to acquire Quark.
Her father Jules Lemoine was a physicist and assistant professor who would be awarded the title of Officer of the Legion of Honor.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1998 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Li Ying (; born 21 October 1973) is a Chinese former footballer who played as a midfielder for the China women's national team.
He also won several half marathon events: the Great Eastern Run and Cardiff Half Marathon in 2011, the Bath Half Marathon in 2012, the Zwolle Half Marathon in 2013 and the Egmond Half Marathon in 2018.
This book deals with the Darrian Confederation, a minor human/Solomani race of the Spinward Marches who once had a technology greater than that of the Imperium.
But they now live in much reduced circumstances except for an old and mighty piece of technology called the Star Trigger.
Arcanumophis is a genus of snake in the family Colubridae that contains the sole species Arcanumophis problematicus., the problem ground snake.
He has collaborated with artist such as El Alfa, Mozart La Para, José Reyes, Don Miguelo, Black Point and La Materalista.
Albina (died c. AD 431) was a late Roman religious patron, correspondent of St Augustine and was the mother of Melania the Younger.
Albina was born in Nola, possibly during the AD 360s based on the known date of birth of her daughter Melania in 383.
It's clear from surviving correspondence that Albina was seen as an influential woman in her own right, beyond association with her daughter.
It's clear that Albina is an important part of the religious network in the early fifth century, as she is mentioned in letters, such as Letter 125 from Augustine to Alypius.
Albina alone was addressed by Augustine in Letter 126, which reports on the aftermath of the incident at Thagaste, which is now known as the Pinian Affair.
Historian Peter Brown suggested that one of the reasons Augustine delayed attacking Pelagius until c.415 was because of the closeness of Albina and her family with him.
Denise Doring VanBuren was elected the 45th President General of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution in June 2019, a three-year term.
VanBuren was involved with the DAR in the City of Beacon, New York, then with the New York State organization before her role at a national level.
As Regent of the Beacon, New York, Melzingah Chapter from 1998 to 2001, VanBuren chaired the Executive Board and was responsible for the stewardship of the 1709 Madam Brett Homestead, the oldest building in Dutchess County.
In 2000, she led a hike to the top of Mount Beacon that involved more than 600 people rededicating Melzingah’s 1900 monument to Revolutionary War soldiers.
At the National Society, VanBuren served as Organizing Secretary General from 2013 to 2016 and First Vice President General from 2016 to 2019, at which she took on her current responsibilities.
VanBuren is a lineal descendant of father and son Jacob and Marcus Plattner, and is a member of the Daughters of Union Veterans 1861-1865.
VanBuren served five-terms as President of the Beacon Historical Society, and co-authored two books, Historic Beacon (1998) and Beacon Revisited (2003), to benefit that organization.
She served two terms as President of the Dutchess County Historical Society, and two terms as President of the Exchange Club of Southern Dutchess.
She became a Vice President in 2000, ultimately serving as Vice President of Public Relations from 1993 to her retirement from that organization effective January 2020.
Mukut gained the throne following the brief reigns of Pratap Manikya II and Vijaya Manikya I, who were likely his elder brother and paternal nephew respectively.
It is possible that his ascension was ensured through backing of military leaders, whose influence had waxed during the reigns of his immediate predecessors.
Mario Brini (11 May 1908 – 9 December 1995) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and in the Roman Curia.
He was named a titular archbishop on 14 October 1961 and received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Amleto Cicognani on 28 January 1962.
Born in 1603 to Maurice Sinnich and Eleanor Hogan, in County Cork, Ireland, and he was educated at the University of Louvain.
Major tournaments began in 2001 with the first major at the Cyberathlete Professional League Winter Championship won by Ninjas in Pyjamas.
The first major was hosted in Dallas, Texas at the 2001 Cyberathlete Professional League Winter Championship won by Ninjas in Pyjamas.
The game was criticized by the competitive community, who believed the game's skill ceiling was significantly lower than that of CS 1.6.
On September 16, 2013, Valve announced a US$250,000 community-funded prize pool for its first ; the money was funded through The Arms Deal Update, which offers players in-game cosmetics and announced that the first Major, known as DreamHack Winter 2013, would take place in Sweden.
Valve has also implemented new coaching rules restricting the ability of communication between coaches and players during a match as well as increasing the time on each round and bomb timer.
Any time a player connects to a VAC-secured server and a cheat is detected, the user is kicked from the server and given a permanent lifetime ban and would not be allowed to play in any VAC-secured servers.
Professional players play online on independent platform servers hosted by leagues such as ESEA or Faceit which have proprietary anti-cheat programs.
Cheating has also occurred at LAN tournaments and players who cheat at organized tournaments may receive permanent bans or be dismissed from their team.
Some of these sites began to offer gambling functionality, allowing users to bet on the outcome of professional matches with skins.
In June and July of that year, two formal lawsuits were filed against these gambling sites and Valve, stating that these encourage underage gambling and undisclosed promotion by some streamers.
Valve in turn began to take steps to prevent these sites from using Steamworks for gambling purposes, and several of these sites ceased operating as a result.
In July 2018, Valve disabled the opening of containers in Belgium and the Netherlands after their loot boxes appeared to violate Dutch and Belgium gambling laws.
C. Scott Green is an American academic administrator who has served as the 19th president of the University of Idaho since July 1, 2019.
He stated he nearly had to drop our of U of I his Sophomore year due to lack of funds, but three factors helped him stay in school: his fraternity brothers coming to his aid, getting a job at the student union, and financial aid.
After his MBA, Green went on to work at Hogan Lovells, where he was the global chief operating and financial officer in New York City.
John Oldham (born 24 October 1949) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Directed by actress and filmmaker Lee Grant, the film starred Carol Burnett and George Segal, alongside Eric Lloyd and Malcolm McDowell in supporting roles.
A newly married book publisher's life is turned upside down when she and her husband are unexpectedly tasked with raising her young grandson.
Its initial broadcast received 17.2 million viewers and was the 21st highest viewed broadcast of its week in the Nielson ratings.
John Duval Gluck, Jr. (December 25, 1878 - 1951) was an American philanthropist, customs broker, and con artist who is best known for popularizing the practice of sending and answering letters to Santa Claus in New York City.
Gluck's organization, the Santa Claus Association, would receive letters addressed to Santa Claus from impoverished children, investigate them to ensure that they are truly needy, and if approved would sent gifts to those children.
Gluck, who was born on Christmas Day, descended from a line of Santa Claus players, including his grandfather, Johan Baptiste von Gluck who played Santa Claus in Baltimore, Maryland.
The Santa Claus Association, which was founded in December 1913, arose as a result of a policy change by the United States Postal Service.
Gluck contacted Edward M. Morgan, then Postmaster of New York City, with a proposal to set up a not-for-profit organization (the Santa Claus Association), which would receive, verify, and respond to Christmas letters sent by needy children in New York.
Volunteers would spend their time reading and organizing letters while donors (often wealthy businesspersons or other members of the social elite) would fund the gift-giving operations.
The organization quickly grew large, receiving thousands of dollars in donations to pay for supplies, postage, and gifts for needy children.
It also collaborated extensively with major politicians like New York Governor Al Smith and United States President Warren Harding as well as celebrities like Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks.
In 1915, three years after the Association started operating, Gluck announced a plan to build a massive structure called the Santa Claus Building on a 100-foot-wide plot in the middle of New York City.
Though Gluck aggressively fundraised to raise the $300,000 needed to build the project, and even commissioned famous architects George and Edward Blum to design the building, no work was ever done.
Coler uncovered tens of thousands of dollars in unaccounted-for funds as well as a lack of institutional oversight over Gluck's use of donors' funds.
Coler's audit revealed that almost all of the money raised for the Santa Claus Building had been embezzled by Gluck himself, who had also embezzled most of the funds raised to purchase gifts and pay for postage.
The United States Post Office ended its involvement with the Santa Claus Association and eventually developed its own letter-answering service under the auspices of Operation Santa Claus.
After the collapse of the Association, he and his wife moved to Miami, Florida where he became a real estate agent.
James Lumley McGeorge (born 8 June 1945) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leyton Orient and Mansfield Town.
It was hosted on a DEC PDP-10 running the TENEX operating system (ARPANET host CCA-TENEX, address 31) and was designed to support 3 trillion bits of storage (375 GB).
The service started in 1973 with disk storage only; tertiary storage using Ampex's Terabit Memory System (TMS) hardware, based on videotape technology, was to come on line in 1975.
It is endemic to southern Brazil and is only known from its type locality, Serra da Pedra Branca do Araraquara in Guaratuba, Paraná.
Based on the type series consisting of four adult males and two adult females, males measure and females in snout–vent length.
He was a strong advocate of metal construction, and his airliners were important in the development of French commercial aviation in the 1930s.
He is especially known for his invention of vectored thrust for aircraft, which led to the development of the V/STOL Hawker Siddeley Harrier.
It was home to the workshops of Louis Breguet whom he met and with whom he later formed a lasting acquaintance.
The Germans took little notice of the disabled young man and, understanding German, he was able to observe the activities and take extensive notes.
In March 1917 Wibault presented a fighter design to Lieutenant-Colonel Émile Dorand, Director of the Technical Section of Military Aeronautics in Paris, and with financial assistance from his maternal uncle, made in December 1917, built a model which was successfully tested in the Eiffel aerodynamic laboratory.
With French engineer Paul Boccaccio, in 1918 he designed and built his first aeroplane, the Wibault-Boccaccio & Cie C.1 fighter powered by a 220hp Hispano-Suiza engine.
Tests were very successful, achieving a top speed of 237km/h and an altitude of 7,500m, but development was abandoned at the end of the war.
In 1919 Wibault founded Société des Avions Michel Wibault at Billancourt, with various aircraft, mostly parasol monoplanes of Duralumin construction, flying from 1920.
As a pioneer of metal construction for which he held patents, he closely followed the design methods of Hugo Junkers and Caudius Dornier.
By 1925 Vickers had adopted Wibault’s construction methods, and produced the Vickers Wibault Scout (based on the Wibault 7) - 26 of which were bought by the Chilean Air Force - the Vickers Vireo and Jockey fighters, and the Viastra, Vellore and Vellox civil transports.
This was the first of a series of airliners that was vitally important to the development of commercial aviation in France in the 1930s.
In 1937 the French Air Ministry awarded Wibault a contract for a large four-engined double-deck airliner carrying up to 72 passengers.
An early version, carrying 25 passengers in some luxury, including a lower deck bar and restaurant was named the Air-Wibault 1.00.
The prototype was completed, but only three engines could be obtained, and it was destroyed in an air raid on the Arsenal works at Villacoublay on 3 June 1940.
On 17 June 1940 Wibault escaped with his wife Marie-Rose from Paris to London where Charles de Gaulle appointed him as technical director of France Forever, a support organisation for de Gaulle in the USA.
Moving to America, Wibault joined Republic Aviation where he worked with the company’s major driving force and chief designer Alexander Kartveli.
Kartveli, a Soviet émigré, had trained at an aviation school in Paris and then worked for Louis Bleriot, and for the Wibault company, leaving for America in 1927, and was a strong proponent of metal construction methods.
While in New York in 1940, Wibault met Winthrop Rockefeller, the billionaire politician and philanthropist, who was to finance Wibault for the rest of his career, mainly through an entity called the Vibrane Corporation which supported him and sponsored his US patent applications.
In 1954, one of his projects was for a vertical take-off and landing ground-attack Gyropter using the most powerful turboshaft engine then available, a Bristol Orion, driving four centrifugal compressors mounted on the sides of the airframe around the centre of gravity.
The compressor outlet nozzles were able to swivel between pointing straight down for take-off and landing, and pointing horizontally backwards for forward flight.
Unable to interest the French government or industry in the idea, in 1955 Wibault submitted it to the NATO Mutual Weapons Development Programme and was subsequently introduced to Stanley Hooker who was then technical director of Bristol Engines.
Soon Wibault agreed to work with Bristol, and they worked to lighten and simplify the engine design, leading to a new patent in 1957, jointly authored by Michel Wibault and Hooker’s assistant, Gordon Lewis.
Meanwhile, Hawker’s chief designer Sidney Camm, noting the success of the Ryan X-13 Vertijet, had developed an interest in VTOL aircraft, which he expressed in a letter to Hooker, and thus the scene was set for the development of the Bristol Siddeley Pegasus engine.
The single debuted at number 89 in Germany for the week of April 30, 1990, two weeks later re-entering at number 29, which would remain its highest position.
Don Arnott (3 March 1936 – 11 April 2019) was a Zimbabwean cricketer who played in twenty-eight first-class matches for Rhodesia between 1954 and 1962.
Economic reforms in North Korea has its roots to the 1970s, when North Korean government agencies, provincial governments and military units were unofficially granted permission to establish their own companies.
Thomas Knox (born 5 September 1939) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chelsea, Mansfield Town, Newcastle United and Northampton Town.
Most of the porphyry have well-preserved primary structures and textures which have allowed to interpret much of Arvidsjaur porphyry to be ignimbrites.
While much of the porphyryry have rhyolite compositions some parts that are intepreted as lava flows are made up of andesite with plagioclase phenocrysts.
As of July 1, 1952, the commune consisted of 14 villages: Bagienice Wielkie, Brzeski-Kołaki, Dąbrowa, Dąbrówka Ostrowska, Gadomiec-Miłocięta, Krzynowłoga Wielka (seat), Kwiatkowo, Przysowy, Rembielin, Rycice, Świniary, Ulatowo-Adamy, Ulatowo-Słabogóra and Ulatowo-Zalesie.
The unit was not restored on January 1, 1973, after the communes were reactivated, and its area was mainly included in the Chorzele and Krzynowłoga Mała communes (and fragmentary commune of Jedorożec).
Philip Waller (born 12 April 1943) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Derby County and Mansfield Town.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1999 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
The single debuted at number 65 in Germany for the week of September 10, 1990, peaking at number 16 seven weeks later.
Worman trained in internal medicine at New York Hospital and then did postdoctoral research in cell biology in the laboratory of Günter Blobel at Rockefeller University.
Worman's first faculty position was as Assistant Professor of Medicine and Molecular Biology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 1990.
His research is primarily focused on inner nuclear membrane proteins, the nuclear lamina, the group of diseases known as laminopathies and liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
@TheGoodLordAbove (also known as @thegoodgodabove, The God Show, and other variations on social media platforms) is a pseudonymous internet personality which was created on Facebook in 2011.
The account has been praised by journalists for its satirical style and political humor, and had over 3 million followers on Facebook as of 2017.
The creator of the account operates anonymously, and all of the accounts posts are made in-character by a fictitious parody of God.
God's profile picture across various platforms is based on traditional Abrahamic representations of God as a bearded and white-robed man, and many of God's posts make reference to Abrahamic religion including figures like Jesus.
The character is known for its signature style of satire which is a blend of irreverent religious and political commentary provided in-character.
Screenshots from God's Facebook page and other accounts are frequently published in news articles and posted to other social media sites like Reddit.
Early on, the Facebook account began receiving an influx of users with suicidal urges and others who were looking for support.
He also reached out to the account's followers to provide emotional support to various users who were going through difficult life experiences.
In January, 2017 God was banned from using Facebook for 30 days after making a controversial post that criticized military spending in the US and the condition of education and medical care in the US.
God's followers reacted by requesting for the account to be verified again, and Facebook responded to the controversy by stating that God violated the website's page name standards.
In February 2017, God paid for a billboard in Saint Paul, Minnesota, urging Michele Bachmann not to run in the 2018 US Senate elections.
The billboard was put up in response to an episode of the Jim Bakker Show, in which Bachmann stated that she was questioning whether God wanted her to run for the Senate seat.
God has frequently criticized US President Donald Trump, especially for his policies and controversial views on religion, immigration, healthcare, economics, and climate change.
In March, 2019, God hired a billboard truck to drive around Washington, D.C. with a message that included the hashtag #NotGodsPresident.
As of September 8, 2014 the campaign had exceeded its goals by grossing over $80,000 in donations, the excess proceeds were used purchase bus ads, and to make donations to an LGBT suicide prevention organization and the National Alliance to End Homelessness.
God later expanded this campaign to include other US cities like Salt Lake City and Orem, Utah, and Dearborn Heights, Michigan.
Gerard John Glover (born 27 September 1946) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Everton and Mansfield Town.
Desmond Richard Finch (born 26 February 1950) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
She was a member of the Official Commission for Linguistic Normalization of Aranès, a founding member of the Es Tersús Neighborhood Association of the Vall d'Aran and head of culture from 1977 to 1980; she was president of the Association Pro Defense of the Trans-Pyrenean Axis by the Natural Step of the Valley of Aran.
She collaborated in the document presented to the deputies who formed the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 to include a recognition of the differential identity of Val d'Aran.
Following the recovery of the historic medieval Val d'Aran Self-Government Institution, the Conselh Generau d'Aran, with the passing of Law 16/1990, of June 13, on 26 May 1991 won the first elections with the Aranese Coalition-Convergence and Union (CA-CiU), integrated by Aranese Democratic Convergence, of which Pilar Busquet were part, and Aranesa Democratic Union.
She was sworn in Síndic d'Aran on 17 June 1991 until 12 July 1993, when the coalition was broken up and her colleague Amparo Serrano Iglesias, from UDA, filed a censorship motion with the support of Unity of Aran and Pilar Busquet resigned.
She was also Member of the Parliament of Catalonia representing the Province of Lleida by CiU in the 1984 and 1988 elections in Catalonia, where she became the first deputy to speak Aranese language in the chamber and worked thoroughly on the paper that elaborated and defended the bill of special regime of Val d'Aran.
The Government of the Generalitat of Catalonia, granted her by the hands of President Carles Puigdemont posthumously the Creu de Sant Jordi on 11 April 2017.
She is cofounder and president of the Youth Chamber of Commerce of Mauritania (YCCM) and has a background in microfinance and agricultural finance.
Raymond Keeley (born 25 December 1946) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Charlton Athletic, Exeter City and Mansfield Town.
Alajuelense (Winners of the 1986 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) and was staged over two legs on 21 July 1987 and 16 August 1987.
It offers integrated master's programmes in Coastal and Marine Management, Marine Innovation and Regional Development, in cooperation with the University of Akureyri, as well as courses in Icelandic language.
The centre was established on 12 March 2005 in Ísafjörður, a town of circa 3,000 inhabitants on the western coast of Iceland.
The 1947 Princess Anne Trojans football team was an American football team that represented Princess Anne College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1947 college football season.
In their second and final season under head coach J. C. Coffee, the team compiled an 8–0 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 206 to 32.
It was officially known as the University of Maryland's College for Negroes at Princess Anne and had previously been known as Maryland's Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes, though it had been commonly referred to as Princess Anne College.
The single debuted at number 48 in Germany for the week of April 5, 1993, peaking at number 26 two and four weeks later.
He engaged into politics as a high school student, first joining the Young Communist Movement and later the French Communist Party.
He left the French Communist Party in 2002 since he disagreed with Robert Hue who wanted to disestablish the Party's sections inside the companies.
In 2008, Martinez was elected general secretary of the CGT Steelworkers' Federation (FTM-CGT), the third largest federation within the CGT with 60,000 members.
In this respect, he negotiated with the employers within the scope of the reorganisation of the automotive industry, thus showing his ability to discuss by containing the most radical elements of his union.
Even though his team was seen as too close to the previous leading team, it was elected with 57.5 percent of the votes of the National Confederal Committee.
Martinez's partner Nathalie Gamiochipi, who was appointed to call for votes against Martinez, decided to support him with the votes of the CGT Santé, the second largest federation of the CGT with 75,000 members.
Martinez was elected general secretary of the CGT by the National Confederal Committee on February 3, 2015 with 93.4 percent of the votes, and was confirmed to that position by the congress of Marseille in April 2016, after he travelled across France during one year to meet the local sections of the union to strengthen his popularity.
To take account of the growing influence of the ultra-left in the union, Martinez took on a hard line of struggle against employers and liberalism, notably against the Valls government by demanding the withdrawal of the 2016 Labour reform bill, to which the CGT became the main opponent.
Demonstrations were accompanied by blockades of refineries, repetitive strikes in the transport sector, and stoppage of nuclear power plants, which threatened the smooth running of the UEFA Euro 2016 in France.
Faced with the internal oppositions and the decreasing importance of the CGT in the staff representatives elections, this anti-establishment opinion could enable the union to unify the militants and draw benefit from the left-wing voters' dissatisfaction toward the Socialist Party government.
Under Martinez's chairmanship, in March 2017, the CGT became the second most important union in the private sector after the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT).
However, it remained the largest union in small businesses and in the Civil Service and therefore remained the largest organisation among all wage earners.
Under Martinez's direction, the CGT organised a 36-day strike in the first semester 2018 against the government's reform plans of the SNCF.
When he was elected the general secretary of the CGT, Martinez proposed to reduce the weekly work time to 32 hours to enable the creation of four million new jobs.
He also supports a €1800 gross monthly minimum wage, a 60 years old retirement age, and opposes the payment of dividends to shareholders.
Martinez lives with Nathalie Gamiochipi, former general secretary of the CGT Santé, the second largest federation of the CGT with 75,000 members.
He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nova Iguaçu, Brazil, from 1994 to 2001 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Governador Valadares, Brazil, from 2001 to 2014.
He served as prosecutor of the Tanodbayan, now known as the office of the Ombudsman in 1985 and became executive judge of Batangas City in 1997 before his appointment to the Court of Appeals.
He initially served as a municipal trial court judge in Dumaguete and later became regional trial court judge in Bacolod before his appointment to the appellate court.
Sándor Sik (1889 - 1963) was a Hungarian writer and priest, a significant representative of the New Catholic poetry in Hungary.
He was then treasurer of Dedham Savings from 1910 to 1920 and later was the president of the Franklin Savings Bank.
From 1926 to 1931 he was a member of the Metropolitan Water Supply Commission and in 1924 he served on the Commission on Bank Taxation.
In 2015, Kelley departed from the band, at the same time as Chris Hansen from No Sleep Records was pushing the band the put a new record.
This led to the three remaining members deciding to officially break-up and work on a separate musical project, which would turn out to be noise rock band Slow Bloom.
These are the list of awards and nominations received by South Korean duo Bolbbalgan4, formed by Shofar Music in 2016 after appearing on Superstar K6 in 2014.
This is a list of notable individuals and organizations who have voiced their endorsement of Andrew Yang's campaign for the Democratic Party's nomination for the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
He won the silver medal at the 2018 World Half Marathon Championships in the team event together with Geoffrey Kamworor and Leonard Barsoton.
Kipyego also won several half marathon events: the half marathon event at the Nairobi Marathon in 2014, the Adana Half Marathon in 2015 and 2016, the České Budějovice Half Marathon in 2016 and the Ústí nad Labem Half Marathon in 2016 and 2017. he holds the course records in both the Adana Half Marathon and Ústí nad Labem Half Marathon events.
Jasmin Airways (Arabic : ياسمين للطيران) (IATA code : JO ; ICAO airline code : JAW) is a Tunisian charter airline founded in December 2019.
Their first flight was on December 20, 2019 carrying Italian football club Hellas Verona to its game against the Tunisian Club Africain.
It was designed by Nigel D. Findley, Bill Lenox, Tom Wong, and Tom Dowd, with interior art by Joel Biske, Steve Bryant, Paul Daly, Earl Geier, Rick Harris, Jeff Laubenstein, Dan Smith, and Karl Waller, and cover art by Dave McCoy and Jim Nelson.
The single debuted at number 88 in Germany for the week of September 25, 1995 and re-entered at number 49 two weeks later, eventually, three more weeks later, peaking at number 29.
The Rebels hosted a regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and later advanced to the Tucson Super Regional against Arizona.
Jouni Juhani Kotiaho (born 23 February 1958) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Central Finland constituency.
Vilhelm Junnila (born 6 March 1982 in Naantali) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Finland Proper constituency.
Mikko Markus Lundén is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Finland Proper constituency.
The hospital has its origins in the Monkwearmouth and Southwick Dispensary which was established on Roker Road in July 1873 through the efforts of the Reverend Canon Miles, the local parish vicar, and financial support from Samuel Tyzack, a local businessman.
It became the Monkwearmouth and Southwick Hospital in 1896 and, after it moved to new facilities which opened in Newcastle Road in July 1932, it joined the National Health Service as the Sunderland Orthopaedic and Accident Hospital in 1948.
A new ward for patients with mental health difficulties known as the Cleadon Ward opened at the hospital in October 2016.
The Cascouia River is a tributary of Kenogami Lake, flowing in the municipality of Larouche in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality and in the city of Saguenay (city), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Recreational and tourist activities are the main economic activity around Cascouia Bay, especially vacationing around Lac du Camp; hydroelectric activities, second; forestry, third.
The surface of the Cascouia River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Following successive increases in the water level of Kenogami Lake in the early 20th century, Cascouia Bay expanded at the expense of the former Cascouia River, becoming a lake pass.
The old course of the Cascouia River emptied into Epiphanes Bay on the north shore of Kenogami Lake; following the erection of dams on Kenogami River, the old course is largely under the waters of this dam lake.
From the mouth of the Cascouia river, the current crosses the Kenogami Lake for east to the barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi river on towards the east, then the northeast and the course of the Saguenay river on towards the east up to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
There is a large bay, which is bordered by jongs and grasses, that the Indians call Les Gachek8illaces de Quinongamingue ”.
Jari Jukka Hannu Koskela is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Satakunta constituency.
Mari Rantanen (born 29 March 1976) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Helsinki constituency.
Kaisa Juuso (born 23 September 1960 in Alatornio) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Lapland constituency.
It is located northwest of Coalton at the intersection of Sour Run Road (County Road 28) and Twin Bridges Road, at .
Jenna Simula (born 13 September 1989 in Oulu) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Oulu constituency.
The 2019-20 Western Michigan Broncos men's ice hockey season was the 46th season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
All Saints Church, Lindfield is a Church of England church in Lindfield, West Sussex, England, built in the Middle Ages in the Early English style.
It was fully restored in the mid 19th Century, largely thanks to the efforts of the curate Reverend Francis Hill Sewell, a Cambridge graduate who remained the incumbent at Lindfield until his death in 1862.
Lindfield first appeared as Lindefeldia, 'open land with lime trees', in a Saxon charter of 765 AD, in which King Ealdwulf granted lands for the building of a Minster church, which may be on the same site as the present church.
In 1150 Archbishop Theobald confirmed the grant of the Manor of Lindfield and its land to the College of Canons at South Malling, near Lewes, whose Dean - as the archbishop's representative - became the Rector of the church.
The post required him to be resident in Lindfield for at least three months of the year, and to direct necessary repairs to the church.
The West Tower also dates from the 14th Century, and was built in three stages with a trefoiled window to the west on the bottom stage, a lancet window to the middle stage and an oculus window to the top stage.
In 1758 records from Lambeth Palace show that the then curate stated that he was allowed just £20 per year, that this was inadequate, and he appealed to the Archbishop for an increase - which was rejected.
This sorry state of affairs changed in 1841 with the arrival of the Reverend Francis Hill Sewell as Curate, a Cambridge graduate who remained the incumbent at Lindfield until his death in 1862.
The North chapel boasts a marble wall plaque to John Court Esq who died 1794, and an obelisk with oval medallions.
The South chapel has a wall plaque dedicated to Sarah Board, who died 1765, and boasts a draped urn and coat of arms.
Much of the work was completed in 2018, which included removing the Victorian pews and replacing the flagstones with a modern stone floor equipped with under floor heating.
Sami Juhani Savio (born 23 September 1975 in Mäntyharju) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
The study found a large number of inscriptions and drawings on stone - about 280 inscriptions in Medieval Greek (with Greek script), Old Bulgarian (with Cyrrillic and Glagolitic scripts), Bulgar language (with Runnic script) and Late Latin (with Latin script) and a four-figure drawing of animals, crosses, figures of saints and shamans, horsemen, ships, geometric and floral ornaments and more.
In total, more than 330 inscriptions of 5 different graphic systems have been discovered in the monastery - the Runic letter, the Greek letter, the Latin letter, the Cyrillic letter, the Glagolitic letter.
In Bulgaria, as well as in the entire Orthodox Slavic world, such an amount of inscriptions from the early Middle Ages was first discovered.
It had a fence wall with fortress towers and two gates and occupied an area of 8 acres, probably built by decision of the royal court in Preslav.
In this sense, it can be considered that this scriptorium is the richest in the whole Orthodox world of Cyril and Methodius.
Veikko Juhani Vallin (born 15 May 1962 in Tampere) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
Wichert, who completed his doctorate in 1907 in Freiburg, became first director of the Kunsthalle Mannheim as early as 1909, where he expanded the collection to include paintings from the 19th century with a focus on French Modernism.
Veijo Olavi Niemi (born 4 June 1954 in Lempäälä) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
Michael John Croucher (17 January 1930 – 26 May 2006) was a British documentary film maker and television producer for the BBC.
He started work in 1954 as a trainee sound technician at the BBC in Plymouth, where he made use of his experience in wireless telegraphy.
After moving to BBC Bristol in 1958, he was able to transfer his sound editing skills to television, and began to work on short documentary pieces on magazine programmes.
Jussi Wihonen is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
Minna Helmi Reijonen (born 13 October 1972 in Nilsiä) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
Over three years, they take a total of 140+ credits and matriculate with an Icelandic Stúdentspróf which is the standard prerequisite for university admission in Iceland.
Sanna Maarit Antikainen (born 3 October 1988 in Kuopio) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
It is set within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest, which is part of the Cascade Range.
The mountain was named in the 1890s for brothers John, Tom, Vic, and Lawrie Denny, miners who lived in a cabin at the base of the four peaks.
As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.
It was founded by social media personalities DeStorm Power, Amanda Cerny, King Bach, and television producer Lemuel Plummer, who serves as president and CEO.
The 1948 Maryland State Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1948 college football season.
In its first season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 274 to 54.
It was officially known as the University of Maryland's College for Negroes at Princess Anne and had previously been known as Maryland's Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes, though it had been commonly referred to as Princess Anne College.
Jani Kalevi Kristian Mäkelä is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
Kristian Sheikki Laakso is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
Ano Veli Samuel Turtiainen (25 August 1967 in Sääminki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
In September 2018 Turtiainen was sentenced in the district court of Southern Savonia to loss of 60 days' income for public incitement to crime.
According to Helsingin Sanomat, the district court of Southern Savonia sentenced Turtiainen to fines in March 2010 for assaulting a 14-year-old boy from Juva.
Rami Juhani Lehto is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Tavastia constituency.
Jari Pekka Ronkainen (born 28 May 1972 in Hollola) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Tavastia constituency.
It was created as a result of the recovery efforts following the May 2011 tornado on what was the hospital's original site.
The park was funded as part of a large Federal Community Development Block Grant awarded to the city after the disaster.
The single debuted at number 74 in West Germany for the week of April 10, 1989, peaking at number 14 three weeks later.
Lulu Ranne (born 12 July 1971 in Kristinestad) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Tavastia constituency.
The 2019-20 Miami RedHawks men's ice hockey season was the 42nd season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
In 1922, he received a BA from the Royal College of Mannheim, in 1925 a BS in Economics from Mannheim and an MA from Heidelberg University.
In 1944, he became a consultant to the Office of United States Company-Ordinator of Inter-American Affairs through 1945 and then with Counter Intelligence Corps, United States Forces, European Theatre of Operations through 1947.
In 2007 Koťátková obtained her degree from the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague and went on the study at the Academy of Applied Arts in Prague as well as the San Francisco Art Institute.
Ari Koponen (born 5 May 1982 in Vantaa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Riikka Purra (born 13 June 1977 in Pirkkala) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Riikka Pirjo Maaria Slunga-Poutsalo (born 23 April 1971 in Alatornio) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Uusimaa constituency.
Born at Manchester in 1820, Smelt made two appearances in first-class cricket for Manchester, playing against Sheffield at Hyde Park in 1848 and the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1852.
The Crimson Tide hosted both a Regional and Super Regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and advanced to the Women's College World Series.
Mauri Peltokangas (born 11 february 1966 in Kokkola) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Vaasa constituency.
Juha Petri Mäenpää (born 25 October 1971) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Vaasa constituency.
Jukka Mäkynen (born 27 April 1961 in Vaasa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Finns Party at the Vaasa constituency.
The series follows the brave and resourceful Mira, a commoner who is appointed to the role of royal detective by the queen and travels throughout her kingdom to help royals and commoners alike.
The book is illustrated by James Crabtree, Darryl Elliot, Joshua Gabriel Timbrook, Quinton Hoover, and Dan Smith, with cover art by John Zeleznik.
But the text is so dense, so riddled with gamespeak and consumed by abstractions that a good portion of it borders on the incomprehensible.
She joined the École normale supérieure de Lyon physics laboratory, where she studied wetting phenomena at the microscopic level and the effects of humidity on granular media.
At LPMCN, she researched fluid dynamics at nanoscales (nanofluidics) which progressed following the construction of an original surface forces measuring apparatus in 2002, which was developed with Jérôme Crassous and ; the apparatus uses a combination of capacitance and interferometry to measure the forces, with which important data was found concerning the link between wettability and hydrodynamic conditions at solid-fluid interfaces..
She was able to show that nanohydrodynamic measurements make it possible to have access to the mechanical properties of surfaces without solid contact and she highlighted the advantage and convenience of confining surfaces during nanorheology experiments.
As well as analysing various properties related to capillary adhesion and the sub-nanometre properties of bubbles and thin films, for example, her teams have also discovered properties relating to energy storage in hydrophobic pores in powders.
The rivière aux Écorces du Milieu is a tributary of the rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territories of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The valley of the Rivière aux Écorces du Milieu is served indirectly by the route 169 and directly by the forest road R0261 which goes up the valley of the rivière aux Écorces and the Rivière aux Écorces du Milieu.
The surface of the Rivière aux Écorces du Milieu is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The rivière aux Écorces du Milieu rises at Lake Chavigny (length: ; altitude: ) in a forest area in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
At the time of his appointment, he was serving as the Central Intelligence Agency’s Science and Technology Liaison to the U.S. Special Operations Command, in Tampa, Florida.
From 1984-1998, Johnson served in the U.S. Army and when he retired, he did so with the rank of Special Forces Colonel.
He was the first member of his family to take up groundskeeping and cricket coaching, moving away from the family tradition of agricultural labouring.
He made two appearances in first-class cricket, the first of which came for Manchester against Sussex at Eccles in 1858, followed by an appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Middlesex at Lord's in 1861.
GVK EMRI is an Indian not-for-profit organisation and the largest ambulatory care provider in the world, providing emergency medical services coverage to 800 million people across India and Sri Lanka.
Dr. AP Ranga Rao is credited with first conceptualizing 108 ambulance services in India, having spent 10 years working with the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain learning about emergency systems.
In January 2005, the CEO of an Indian-based, German multinational corporation, Venkat Changavalli, invited Ramalinga Raju, the Chairman of Satyam Computer Services at the time, to be the chief guest at a business conference.
After the conference, Raju proposed creating an emergency medical services organization for India, and the Satyam Foundation began initial its operations.
When Raju was imprisoned for corporate fraud in January 2009, Changavalli had grown EMRI to eight states across India as CEO.
In 2015, GVK EMRI signed an MoU to expand its operations to Sri Lanka, and had expanded there by the end of the year.
GVK EMRI's service has grown to 16 states and a fleet of 10,000 ambulances and 47,000 employees, becoming recognized as the world's largest ambulatory provider, providing emergency medical coverage to 800 million people.
GVK EMRI's 27 dispatch centers receive 130,000 calls per day, to which GVK EMRI emergency medical providers respond to 80,000 emergency calls and assist with 200 childbirths per day, claiming to save 800 lives daily.
GVK EMRI said its service saved more than 1.5 million lives between 2005 and 2015, though no outside entity has verified its claim.
To enhance efficiency, GVK EMRI centralized and vertically integrated dispatchers at call centers with the prehospital emergency care providers, dissimilar to American 911 models in which dispatch centers may be distinct from the organizations providing care.
GVK EMRI has partnered with Stanford Medicine faculty to conduct needs assessments and improve the quality of emergency care, as well as faculty from Michigan Medicine to conduct trainings of laypeople and develop specific trauma resuscitation protocols, while training educators and researching emergency stabilization centers.
The 1965 election was the genesis of a party system in the Northern Territory, with the majority of candidates being nominated by political parties, and where NT Labor faced a party team for the first time, with the new North Australia Party nominating five candidates, although the party dissolved shortly after this election.
An administrative change in 1965 saw the president of the council no longer being the Administrator of the Northern Territory, with the council electing its own president, Harry Chan, in December 1965.
The book gives an overview of new theories (at the time) of dinosaur life, including their social groupings, stages of life, travel, food, appearance and physiology.
In this year he also won the Daegu Marathon held in Daegu, South Korea setting a new course record of 2:05:33.
The South Boise Historic Mining District, in Elmore County, Idaho and including Rocky Bar, Idaho, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
It includes the ghost town of Rocky Bar and a good part of a large basin in which there was a great amount of gold mining.
Rocky Bar has a historic cemetery, which among other graves has the grave of Idaho's territorial governor (acting) Clinton DeWitt Smith, whose death in Rocky Bar effectively halted governance of the territory.
When the CNLD was created on 26 August 2019, its coordinator, Tansaout, stated that there were 42 prisoners of conscience in Algiers, some having been detained since June 2019.
He considered the detentions to be illegal and interpreted them as a method of blackmail by the government to persuade the Hirak protestors to accept the holding of the 2019 Algerian presidential election on 12 December 2019.
The CNLD at the time estimated that about 40 Hirak prisoners were detained in Algiers for having carried the Berber flag.
Tansaout criticised the detainees' prison conditions, including solitary confinement of some detainees, a surgical operation carried out without informing either the detainee's family or lawyer, prison cell overcrowding and the lack of drinking water.
The CNLD estimated that there were 180 Hirak protestor detainees, counting from the end of June, who were either under remand or had been sentenced to prison terms.
The FC Istiklol 2020 season is Istiklol's twelfth Tajik League season, of which they are defending Tajik League and Cup Champions, whilst they will also participate in the Tajik Supercup and AFC Champions League.
The 2020 Victorian Football League season will be the 139th season of the Victorian Football Association/Victorian Football League Australian rules football competition.
The UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart is a record chart which ranks the best-selling rock and heavy metal albums in the United Kingdom.
Compiled and published by the Official Charts Company, the data is based on each album's weekly physical sales and digital downloads.
In New Zealand, Recorded Music NZ compiles the top 40 albums chart each Friday, and dates the chart for the following Monday.
This is the Recorded Music NZ list of number-one singles in New Zealand during the 2020s decade, starting from Monday 6 January 2020.
The rivière aux Écorces North-East is a tributary of the rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territories of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, Canada.
The valley of the rivière aux Écorces Nord-Est is served indirectly by the route 169 and directly by the forest road R0261 which goes up the valley of the rivière aux Écorces and the Rivière aux Écorces Nord-East.
The surface of the rivière aux Écorces North-East is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
The rivière aux Écorces North-East has its source at Petit lac Vézina (length: ; altitude: ) in the forest zone in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
The UK R&B Singles Chart is a weekly chart that ranks the 40 biggest-selling singles and albums that are classified in the R&B genre in the United Kingdom.
Beginning in 2011 the Orchestra performed at the Santa Anita Racetrack under the musical directorship of Victor Vener, the organization's founder.
, Five record labels have released a chart-topping album so far during the 2020s.The totals below do not include compilation albums credited to various artists apart from soundtracks which are included.
Kyle Lake-Bryan (born 23 October 2001) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a forward for the Anguilla national football team.
Lake-Bryan made his senior international debut on 15 October 2019 in a 3-2 defeat to Puerto Rico during the CONCACAF Nations League.
In that match, he also scored his first senior international goal, which came in the 76th minute and was Anguilla's first of the match.
Most of his paintings were exhibited at the Suffolk Street Gallery of the Society of British Artists, and his work first appeared at the Royal Academy in 1852.
He also exhibited at the British Institution, the Grosvenor Gallery, and finally at the Salon of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris between the years 1906 and 1911.
There was a coroner’s inquest, as the artist had sent three pictures to the Royal Academy only a few days before, and his death was sudden and unexpected.
A simple round cap, the Welsh Wig had a distinctive long back of soft wool to keep the neck warm, which often approximated the appearance of long curly hair.
During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries areas like Monmouthshire and West Glamorgan were famous for quality wool, and Wales gained an international renown for high quality woollen products such as caps.
Welsh goods during this era were produced on an semi-industrial scale, with varieties of woollen caps, such as the iconic Monmouth Cap being obvious progenitors to the Welsh Wig.
Though it is unknown how early the distinctive Welsh Wigs began production, they were well known throughout Great Britain by the eighteenth century.
The Welsh woollen industry was in sharp decline by the early nineteenth century, with the newly industrialised woollen mills of Northern England now dominating the British market and fluctuations in European trade of the Napoleonic Era proving particularly challenging.
The decline was reversed when the new industrial populations of Wales demanded specific woollen goods for working life in the mid-late nineteenth century.
The Welsh Wig, the Crys Fach (a short fronted metallurgical workers shirt), coal miners underpants, shawls, bedgowns and the newly popularised Traditional Welsh costume, all maintained and grew the Welsh wool industry.
The Welsh Wig was prized for its excellent protection against the elements, providing a shield against the wind on the back of the neck.
Arsène Lupin III teams up with a woman named Laetitia steals the Bresson Diary, a treasure that even the first generation Arsène Lupin could not steal.
The film was teased by Kiyoshi Kobayashi after the passing of Monkey Punch however on July 11, 2019, a Twitter account under the name @lupin_3rd_movie was created showing a poster of a 3D model of Lupin wearing Arsène Lupin's damaged hat and holding his cane.
In 2018 she finished in 2nd place in the Singapore Marathon and in 2019 she also finished in 2nd place in this event.
The Official Albums Streaming Chart is a weekly music chart in the United Kingdom which calculates the most popular albums on audio streaming sites.
Sam H. Zakhem (November 25, 1935–) was a non-career appointee who served as American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Bahrain from 1986–1989.
Zakhem was born to a wealthy family in Lebanon but his father disinherited him when he emigrated to the United States.
In 1965, he moved to Denver and worked various jobs while studying political science at the University of Colorado Boulder‘s graduate school, graduating with a Ph.D.
Zakhem was elected twice to the Colorado House of Representatives (1974 and 1976) and was elected to the Colorado Senate in 1978.
He also argued with CIA analysts over whether or not the family ruling Bahrain would be overthrown by the pro-Iranian Shiite majority in the country.
He has also been criticized for his role in the sale of an advanced anti-aircraft missile, the Stinge, which are portable and shoulder-launched.
The lac Jacques-Cartier, main source of the Jacques-Cartier River, is a glacial lake located in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, about 90 km to the north of the city of Quebec, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The area around the lake is served by the route 175 which passes on the west shore, for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Lake Jacques-Cartier is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake receives the waters on the west side of two small lakes: Plamondon lake (altitude: ) and an unnamed lake ().
Lake Jacques-Cartier, 9.2 km long, 1.8 km wide on average and 69 m deep, is the largest lake in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
He explored the Anticosti Island, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and, on July 24, he erected a cross in the bay of Gaspé as a sign of 'appropriation of the premises.
During his second journey, in 1535, Cartier went up the St. Lawrence River to Hochelaga (Montreal) and spent a difficult winter in Stadaconé (Quebec).
First cartographer of the St. Lawrence, he recognized that the gold and diamonds found turned out to be iron pyrite and quartz.
The Official Vinyl Albums Chart is a weekly record chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on behalf of the music industry in the United Kingdom.
This is a list of the albums which have been number one on the Official Vinyl Albums Chart since it was set up in April 2015.
The 1952 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1952 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled a 9–1 record, shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 52.
Centre for Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Learning, commonly known as CEOL, is a startup incubation centre situated in Mangalore city of Karnataka in India.
CEOL is operated and managed by a committee headed by the Deputy Commissioner to provide young entrepreneurs the ecosystem to work on their ideas.
This album marks his debut on the artist-owned-and-operated Dead Reckoning Records, which he co-founded in 1994 with fellow musicians Kieran Kane, Mike Henderson, Tammy Rogers, and Harry Stinson.
Despite his newfound label independence, this new disc doesn't really offer any changes from previous works - meaning it's his usual great collection of well-written songs, surrounded by extremely skilled sidemen.
As always, Welch takes country onto an intellectual plane, exhibiting a Joe Ely-ish zest for life and a Gram Parsons-like high and lonesome.
Jim Joseph Carmichall (February 27, 1930 – April 24, 2007), also known as Jimmie Joe Carmichall, was a Texas politician that served in the Texas House of Representatives from the 54th district.
Volume 1 covers the British theater from its Roman colony origins to 1660, when Charles II was about to be restored to the throne.
Volume 2 covers a little over two centuries, beginning with Charles II's restoration in 1660, until the beginning of the twentieth century, approximately 1895.. Volume three covers the British theater from 1895.
The 1951 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1951 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 233 to 57.
Carole Ann or Carole-Ann is a blended name combining Carole and Ann as a feminine given name derived from the names Karl and Hannah.
It starts at a parking lot off the Trans-Canada Highway and descends to its lower terminal on the opposite side of the canyon where there is an observation deck, a restaurant, a gift shop and other tourist attractions.
Before its construction, the only way to thee observation deck was to hike down the canyon to the pedestrian suspension bridge that bridges the canyon.
Each cabin travels up and down along its own track rope at a maximum speed of 5 m/s (18 km/h, 984 ft/min) over an inclined length of 341 m (1118 ft).
The horizontal distance between the terminals is 303 m (994 ft) and their difference in altitude is 157 m (515 ft).
The track ropes have a diameter of 40mm, the haul rope connecting the two cabins via the drive bull wheel in the upper terminal has a diameter of 19mm and its counter rope 15mm.
The track ropes are anchored in the upper terminal and are tensioned by two concrete blocks of 42 tons each suspended inside the lower terminal where the blocks have a leeway of 7.9m to move up and down.
Billie Worth (born October 20, 1916) is an American former actress who performed on Broadway and in other venues from regional theater in the United States to European capitals.
She performed in American regional theaters, including the Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera and Muny Opera in St. Louis, and she directed some regional productions.
It is a three-story flat-roofed commercial block building, seven bays long along its east side and 11 bays long along its south side.
It was designed by Boise architect William Stewart Campbell and built for W. J. Turner, who had opened the Turner House restaurant and hotel in Mountain Home in 1883.
It has also been known as the Mellen Building, for Thomas Mellen, a miner and sheepraiser who bought the hotel in 1913.
He did his primary and secondary studies in the city of Kinshasa, respectively at the Sainte Thérèse school in Kinshasa (TENAFEP 1986) and at the Institut du 24 Novembre (State diploma in 1986).
Holder of a bachelor from the Free University of the Great Lakes Countries (2000), he completed his academic studies at the Official University of Goma (2003) at the Faculty of Law.
He was Minister of Public Works in the provincial government under the Governor Marcellin Chishambo and at the same time Minister in charge of Relations with the provincial hemicycle in June 2013.. As Minister he fought for Bukavu to become the Switzerland of Africa again..
Member of the parliament elected in 2006 elections, he also occupied the position of President of the Political, Administrative and Judicial Commission in the Provincial Parliament from 2006 to 2013.
As Mwami, he has initiated several development projects and is working hard to open up his chiefdom, fight against Ebola outbreak..
He is known for creating abstract paintings exploring philosophical relationships between cause and effect, absence and presence, and emptiness and meaning; as well as for process-oriented artworks that investigate dualities of existence.
Hylden earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts from Minnesota State University in 2001 and Master of Fine Arts from Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles in 2006.
He later studied with abstract painter Michael Krebber in Frankfurt, photographer Christopher Williams, and multimedia artist Richard Hawkins in Los Angeles.
His pieces are often produced as a series and follow a very strict creative process which links all the works through common motifs.
Even though the pieces in a series are linked to each other, each one tells a particular story and represents a particular point in time in the evolution of the sequence.
For his 2010 series of nine paintings, Hylden devised a strict technical process of painting canvases with holographic gold, arranging them on the floor, spray painting the overlapping sections in yellow, and finally stenciling black stripes onto each piece.
His studio is a source of his inspiration and he has incorporated images of simple objects or groupings of objects from his studio into his paintings.
Alijah Holder (born January 26, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).
He was the abbot of Rivalta from 1180 until 1185, abbot of Lucedio (as Peter II) from 1185 until 1205, abbot of La Ferté (as Peter II) from 1205 until 1206, bishop of Ivrea from 1206 until 1209 and patriarch of Antioch (as Peter II) from 1209 until his death.
He was on especially good terms with Pope Innocent III, in whose general reform of the clergy in Lombardy he played a major role.
He participated in the Fourth Crusade and the establishment of the Latin Empire of Constantinople (1201–1205) and in the preaching of the next crusade in Lombardy (1208–1209).
Peter was born probably in the 1140s into a family of feudatories of the bishop of Vercelli associated with the town of Magnano.
In January 1180 he became the first abbot of San Giovanni di Rivalta Scrivia, a church that became with Peter's appointment a daughter house of Lucedio and a subject also of the bishop of Tortona.
He obtained privileges of protection and confirmation from Popes Urban III (11 January 1186), Clement III (May 1188) and Celestine III (1192).
In April 1186, he obtained from Milo, bishop of Turin, an exemption from the tolls of Rivoli for the abbey's subjects.
He built up the manors of Montarolo, , Ramazzana, , Cornale and Gazzo in the region of Vercelli and won a dispute over property with the monastery of San Genuario.
In 1193, when Boniface needed money, Peter gave him a loan with the forest surrounding the monastery serving as a pledge.
Owing to his skills as an administrator, Peter served several times as a papal judge-delegate alongside Bishop Albert of Vercelli in the 1190s.
On 20 July 1191, Albert and Peter handed down a judgement in favour of the cathedral of Genoa against the church of Santa Maria di Castello.
Sometime between 1195 and 1198, Albert and Peter settled a dispute between the canonry of Oulx and the monastery of San Giusto di Susa in favour of the former.
Pope Innocent III made extensive use of Peter in Lombardy between September 1198 and 1201, often without Albert of Vercelli by his side.
In 1200, alongside Boiamondo, abbot of Chiaravalle della Colomba, he settled a property dispute between the bishop of Tortona and the Humiliati on the one side and the Knights Templar on the other.
He was with Boniface at Soissons in the summer, where the marquis formally made his crusading vow before the assembling French army.
In September 1201, he was at Cîteaux to obtain the permission of the general chapter to go on the crusade with Boniface.
There he presumably took a formal crusader's vow, although the record of the general chapter meeting does not list him among the abbots permitted to go on the crusade.
It is not certain if Peter arrived in Venice before the army embarked, at Zadar before or during the siege or after the surrender of the city.
It has been alleged that he deliberately withheld the letter from the army, but this is unlikely, since Peter retained the confidence of Innocent III until the pope's death.
It is more likely that he gave the letter to Abbot Guy of Vaux-de-Cernay in Venice and that Guy read the letter before the leadership at Zadar.
With Cardinal Soffredo of Santa Prassede, he convinced Boniface's new Greek wife, Maria, widow of Emperor Isaac II, to convert to the Catholic faith.
In a letter addressed to the pope on 25 August 1203, the Emperor Alexius IV credited Peter, whose zeal he praises, as one of several who persuaded him to restore communion between the Eastern and Western churches.
Boniface rewarded Peter by granting him monastery of Chortaiton as a dependency of Lucedio, but Peter was called away by Innocent III in March 1205 to mediate between King Leo I of Armenia and Count Bohemond of Tripoli, who were disputing the succession to the Principality of Antioch.
Peter returned to western Europe in 1205, after receiving news of his election as abbot of La Ferté, the mother house of Lucedio.
He did not hold the abbacy for long, because he was elected to the bishopric of Ivrea in February or March 1206.
He left La Ferté and took up his post in Ivrea, but as soon as he realized its poor financial situation he abandoned the diocese without informing the cathedral chapter, intending to take up life in a hermitage.
As bishop, Peter mediated between the counts of Biandrate and the commune of Ivrea concerning some tolls, while at the same time protecting the rights of the diocese and of his old monastery, Lucedio, which had been granted toll exemptions by the counts.
In this capacity, Peter worked with Albert's successor at Vercelli, Lotario Rosario, and Gerardo da Sesso, abbot of Tiglieto (a sister house of Lucedio).
Together they imposed sanctions on the consuls of the city of Piacenza for having exiled their bishop, Crimerio, for unpaid debts.
In November 1208, he was back in Piacenza with Gerardo and Archbishop Umberto IV of Milan to depose Crimerio for having given in to the consuls' demands.
He also charged Peter, Gerardo and Bishop Sicard of Cremona with preaching a new crusade in Lombardy, which ultimately became the Fifth Crusade.
In early 1209, Peter I, patriarch of Antioch, died, having been imprisoned by Bohemond during the succession dispute that Peter had been unable to resolve back in 1205.
Innocent left the choice of a successor to the patriarch of Jerusalem, who happened to be Peter's predecessor, Albert of Vercelli.
There Innocent entrusted him with letters addressed to the cathedral chapter of Antioch, the clergy of the patriarchate and the garrison of Cursat Castle.
A planned arbitration in August 1210 never came to fruition because Sicard of Cremona, one of the arbitrators, failed to come east.
The king had arranged for the election of a rival patriarch, who was deposed by Albert of Jerusalem on the pope's orders.
The date of his death is given as 2 September in the necrology of Lucedio and it is known that an election for his successor had taken place by 31 August 1217, when Pope Honorius III annulled the choice of Pelagius of Albano and ordered a new election.
Allison and his wife Peggy have 2 children, and are both members of St. Mark’s Episcopal Church where they both have taught Sunday school.
Allison has served on the Alamo Heights ISD Early Childhood Task Force, and on the VIA Metropolitan Transit Authority Board of Trustees for 8 years and the last 2 as Vice Chairman.
Allison was elected to represent district 121 in the Texas House of Representatives on November 6, 2018 and was sworn in on January 8, 2019.
In 1908, he studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels under Jean Delville, a mentor who heavily influenced Buisseret’s later work.
After completing the training at Brussel Academy, Bruisseret traveled to Italy with his father to study the works of Italian artists of the Quattrocento and Cinquecento.
This incident led to the establishment of Nervia, a group of artists, by Buisseret, Anto Carte, and Leon Eeckman, who supported promising young artists.
In 1929, Bruisseret was appointed as director of the Art Academy of Bergen, where he held the position for 20 years.
Maxime Pattier (born 12 June 1996) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the French club Lorient in the Ligue 2.
Pattier made his professional debut for Lorient in a 2-1 Coupe de la Ligue loss to Le Mans FC on 13 August 2019.
In the early 20th century, several thousand Syrians emigrated from the Ottoman Empire (for which Syria was a part of at the time) to Mexico.
During her visit, she met with Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem and reiterated Mexico's interest in expanding and strengthening its presence in the region, as well as in strengthening relations with Arab countries.
In December 2010, Syrian Minister of the Environment, Kawkab Sabah al-Daya, paid a visit to Mexico to attend the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún.
Since the start of the civil war, Mexico's position has been to condemn the violence caused by the parties involved in it and has expressed concern about the serious consequences and humanitarian tragedy arising from the crisis in that country.
Mexico considers that the only viable solution to the conflict in Syria is one of a political nature, and has called on the international community to act responsibly and avoid sending military equipment and weapons to any of the parties.
In July 2014, Mexican Foreign Minister José Antonio Meade paid a visit to Jordan and traveled visit the Syrian refugee camp of Zaatari to observe the humanitarian crisis facing the refugees.
In 2015, the Mexican government allowed a few Syrian refugees to come to Mexico and complete their university education, with the assistance of a local Mexican NGO.
The Government of the Soviet Union had suppressed failed space race missions information to prevent bad publicity during the height of the Cold War and the space race.
The fault was found to be a short circuit in the control system that caused engine 2 of the SL-12/D-1-e second stage to shut down.
Zond 1969A was launched on 20 January 1969, a Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 13, was to be a lunar flyby and return to Earth with pictures.
The N-1 rocket was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle built to send a manned Soviet spacecraft to the Moon, like the US Apollo program.
The awards listed below are given periodically to Australian-based artists or industry personnel within the categories: ARIA Outstanding Achievement Awards (first presented in 1988), ARIA Special Achievement Awards (first in 1989), ARIA Lifetime Achievement Awards (first in 1991) and ARIA Icon Awards (first in 2013).
The Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System, more widely known as the Mental Health Royal Commission, is a royal commission in Victoria, Australia.
It was established on 22 February 2019 to investigate deficiencies in the state's mental health system and the broader prevalance of mental illnesses and suicides in the state.
The commission published and delivered its interim report to the Governor on 27 November 2019 and tabled in Parliament on the same day.
The song was written by Torres, produced by Enrique Elizondo and it was recorded in George Tobin Studios, North Hollywood, CA.
Lina Paola Granados Reyes (born 19 May 1994) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a defender for FF Lugano 1976.
In high school, Granados played for the Falcons of Briar Woods High School, where she served as the team captain as a senior.
She also played for the McLean Strikers youth team, where she won the 2010 Virginia State Cup and reached the USYS national finals.
Granados was a member of the Region I team of the Olympic Development Program for five years, competing at ODP Inter-Regionals in Florida each year.
Granados was included in the Colombia under-20 squads for the 2012 and 2014 editions of the South American U-20 Women's Championship.
She also competed with the under-20 national team in the football tournament at the 2013 Bolivarian Games in Trujillo, Peru, helping the team to win the gold medal.
In June 2015, Granados was called up to the Colombia women's national team for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada.
She a member of the 35-player provisional squad, but was initially cut from the final tournament squad before being selected as a replacement for the injured Melissa Ortiz.
However, she did not make an appearance in the tournament, in which Colombia were eliminated in the round of 16 by future world champions United States.
On 25 September 2019, she made her UEFA Women's Champions League debut against English club Manchester City, with the away match finishing as a 0–4 loss.
The 2019–20 Bahraini Premier League (also known as Nasser Bin Hamad Premier League for sponsorship reasons), is the 63rd top-level football season in Bahrain.
He is the current Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in the cabinet of Julius Maada Bio, serving since 2019.
After attending the prestigious Bo School, he received bachelor's degrees in politics, philosophy & history and in education from Fourah Bay College in 1986 and 1987, respectively.
While in the United Kingdom, he worked in various leadership and managerial positions for both the National Health Service and the private sector.
He has served as chair of the Kono District Descendants Association, Sierra Leone People’s Party UK branch and the Old Bo Boys’ Association.
In May 2019, President Julius Maada Bio reshuffled his cabinet, and Lamina's was promoted from High Commissioner to Minister of Local Government and Rural Development.
After his playing career, Lavigne served on the board of directors of the French National Rugby League from 1998 to 2000.
On 23 November 1983, Lavigne was invited to play for the Barbarian Rugby Club for their game against Australia in Toulon.
The heads are equipped with a pump-action lever, that can be used to pump sewage into the black water treatment tanks held aboard or into the ocean water.
Above decks was the wheelhouse mounted on the forward cabin's coaming; aft of that, the exposed breezeway; and, mounted on the after cabin's coaming, a Zodiac launch as well as a food locker and barbeque.
In 1955 she was built for the RCN as YFM 320 (Yard Ferry, Man) and served as a harbour ferry boat.
The lac aux Écorces (English: bark lake) is a freshwater body crossed by the Rivière aux Écorces, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The area around the lake is served indirectly by the route 169 (connecting Quebec (city) to Alma) and by the route 155 (connecting La Tuque and Chambord).
The surface of Lac aux Écorces is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by the Pikauba River which crosses this lake towards the northeast, by riparian streams, by the outlet (coming from the east) of Labelle lake, by the outlet (coming from the north) from lakes to Culotte and Bina, Salvail stream (coming from the east) and the outlet (coming from the west) from Tréteau lake.
The Razorbacks finished the 2019 season 38–20 overall, and 12–12 in the SEC to finish in a tie for sixth in the conference.
The Razorbacks will open their 2020 season with a road trip to Las Cruces, New Mexico for the 2020 playing of the Troy Cox Classic, hosted by the New Mexico State Aggies, starting Friday, February 7.
Arkansas received preseason rankings of #17 by Softball America and Flo Softball, #20 by USA Softball, #21 by D1 Softball, and #24 by NFCA.
The Razorbacks will continue their tournament schedule with a doubleheader against the Bradley Braves, with the first game starting on Friday at 2:00 p.m. and the second on Saturday at 11:00 a.m.
The Hogs' fourth tournament game will be against the hosts, New Mexico State; first pitch will be on Saturday at 4:30 p.m.
Just five days after concluding play in New Mexico, the Hogs are set to begin another five-game tournament slate, this time in Fort Myers, Florida at the FGCU Invitational, hosted by the Florida Gulf Coast Eagles.
Later that day, the Razorbacks will take to the diamond again to face the tournament's hosts, the FGCU Eagles, at 7:00 p.m.
The Hogs have two games slated for Saturday: at 10:00 a.m., Arkansas will take on the Furman Paladins, followed by a 2:30 p.m. matchup with the UIC Flames.
Iowa was won by Republican Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California, who was running against Democratic list of Governors of New York Alfred E. Smith.
Hoover's running mate was Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas, while Smith's running mate was Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas.
Francis S. Morgan (March 19, 1919August 1, 1999) was a Hawaiian businessman, president of the Kualoa Ranch and Hamakua Sugar Company.
After leaving the service he worked at Theo H. Davies & Co., retiring as group vice president for agriculture in 1984.
Kualoa Ranch, a cattle ranch founded in the mid-1800s by his great-great-grandfather Gerrit P. Judd, was converted into a filming location for movies as well as a tourist attraction.
Compared to the original text, which consists of two stanzas, each with eight lines, the text is now usually reproduced in four four-line stanzas.
Weißröckchen, a Silesian synonym for snowflake, does not appear in the original version of the text in the opening verse, only in the fourth to last line.
Since the two known settings are art songs that are melodically and rhythmically more demanding than a simple children's song, it would also be conceivable that Hedwig Haberkern knew another, more folksong melody.
So it was sung on the melody of Im Märzen der Bauer as well as on compositions by Johann André and Kurt Schläger.
Occasionally - but only in post-war songbooks - the source is mentioned, that the song was brought by German colonists from Russia or from Courland.
Lyrically the song tells the story of a young girl named Josie, who goes to a bar on a Tuesday afternoon.
The song was an international hit and afforded Brown her most widespread global success charting in Europe, Japan and the UK.
Thomas Johnson Michie Jr. (June 12, 1931 – August 27, 2019) was an American attorney and politician who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia Senate.
The 1953 Lincoln Blue Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Lincoln University of Missouri as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1953 college football season.
4 among the 1953 black college teams with a Dickinson System rating of 24.25, behind Tennessee A&I (25.83), Prairie View (25.00), and Florida A&M (24.50).
He filled the position of Chief Burgess of Reading for several years until its incorporation as a city in 1847, when he was elected Mayor, holding this post for one year.
She sailed to Britain and traded between Britain and Newfoundland and then between Bristol and Africa until 1790 when Sydenham Teast (or Sidenham Teast) purchased her.
In 1796 she returned to trading with Africa but was lost in January 1797 as she was returning to Bristol from Africa.
Because Baker did not have a pass that would permit him to go to Hong Kong to trade the skins that he had for trade goods and then come back to the Northwest.
He did not want to return to Tahiti and so was pleased that Vancouver, who was going back, would take the two Tahitian women.
He arranged with the British East India Company (EIC) for a license that would permit her to bring back a cargo from China after selling her furs there.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Iowa voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts, over Progressive nominee, Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette of and Democratic nominee, Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia.
Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois, while Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska while La Follette ran with Montana Senator Burton K. Wheeler.
Davis’ performance is the worst by any major-party nominee since Iowa became a state in 1846, whilst La Follette’s is the second-best by any third-party candidate in Iowa presidential election history behind Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.
There are several Renaissance-style frescos and a crypt, which is from the ancient church of San Franco of Assergi, the patron saint of the town.
The crypt is dug from the rock and contains three naves; the medieval reliquary once on this altar putatively held the relics of the saint.
Carex annectens, sometimes called yellow-fruited fox sedge, is a species of sedge native to most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.
In the Chicago area, its coefficient of conservatism is 3 (out of 10), and in Michigan, it is only 1, indicating its relatively low fidelity to high quality habitats.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1960 by A. Maki and Robert C. West via the southwest slope.
The name follows the Macbeth-theme of features surrounding the Macbeth Icefield, such as Mount Lady Macbeth, Mount Fleance, and Mount Banquo.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Macduff is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) was a coalition of political parties in the state of Jharkhand in India, formed before the 2019 Lok Sabha Elections.
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, Congress, Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (P), Rashtriya Janata Dal Formed The Alliance Before Lok Sabha Elections In 2019 And Contested The Elections For 14 Seats in Jharkhand.
Then The Results Was Announced On 23 May 2019 The Congress Won From Singhbhum Seat And Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Won From Rajmahal Seat.
In the evening, during the election results, JMM leader and Former Chief Minister of Jharkhand Hemant Soren addressd the media and thanked the people of Jharkhand for the mandate.
He also expressed his gratitude to his alliance partners, Congress & RJD and their president, Sonia Gandhi & Lalu Prasad Yadav respectively.
Next day on 24 December 2019, the meeting of all the 30 JMM MLAs was called, in which Hemant Soren was elected as the leader of the JMM legislature group.
After the elections, JVM(P) chief and Former Chief Minister of Jharkhand Babulal Marandi extended the support of his party to the Hemant Soren government, thus providing more strength to the government.
On 24 December 2019, Hemant Soren along with the alliance partners, met Governor Draupadi Murmu and staked claim to form the government.
Eeva Kalli (born 10 January 1981 in Kiukainen) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Satakunta constituency.
Hilkka Kemppi (born 19 May 1988 in Asikkala) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Tavastia constituency.
He was selected from hundreds taking part in a trial organized by Spanish second division club AD Alcorcon at the Nehru Park and trained under coaches at the Spanish club for a month.
He is currently a Professor of Physics, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, emeritus, at Washington University in St. Louis, where he holds the Albert Gordon Hill Endowed Chair in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
He is now Albert Gordon Hill Chair of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Director of the Laboratory of Ultrasonics.
Over the course of his career, he mentored 35 graduate students and numerous undergraduates, including Nobel Laureate in Chemistry William E. Moerner.
His work has contributed greatly to ultrasonics, myocardial tissue characterization and has been incorporated into echocardiography devices in use throughout the world.
The Battle of Río Grande was a small military engagement that took place on 10 September 1879, during the War of the Pacific.
In the first months of war the Chilean government took into account the possibility of a Bolivian offensive, with the support of Peru, which in April would enter the war as an ally of Bolivia.
In fact, in the Altiplano, a Military Division was being prepared for that purpose, under the command of General Narciso Campero.
But Chilean forces stationed in the area had to face the Bolivian locals, who were organized in montoneras to resist the occupation, hoping to see the Campero Division arrive.
Some Bolivians defeated in Calama dispersed through San Pedro de Atacama and then grouped with the locals, forming a montonera of forty men moderately armed with rifles.
This Bolivian force was led by Toribio Gómez, from San Pedro de Atacama, and by the indigenous chief Jaime Ayo, from Río Grande.
On 6 September, in one of the raids of the Bolivian montonera, the Chilean arriero Francisco Vilches was taken prisoner by these near San Pedro de Atacama, but managed to escape by the pleas of a woman when they wanted to execute him.
At dawn the next day, Toro and his forces arrive at the entrance of a rough hillside in the gorge of Rio Grande, where Bolivians were hiding on top among huge rocks.
When the Chileans advanced to the hillside, the Bolivians attacked them by surprise from their positions at the top, making concentrated shots and throwing large stones that slide from the top.
The noise of the stones that fell from the top of the hillside scared the horses that the Chileans rode, causing several of them to be knocked down from the chair and others wounded by the falling stones.
But the Chileans, encouraged by a brief harangue, advanced on foot against the Bolivians and defeated them in the defensive positions they occupied.
For their part, the Bolivians had thirteen dead in the fight, including their bosses Gómez and Ayo, and the rest dispersed.
After the battle, the Sub-delegate Toro returned with his forces to San Pedro de Atacama, bringing with him a booty, which included; 200 lambs, 160 goats and 20 donkeys.
The Campero division was never able to carry out the offensive against Chileans in the Loa, due to logistical limitations and also to the geographical conditions in the area.
Blazing Guns is a 1943 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Frances Kavanaugh and Gina Kaus.
District 7 is based in Southern West Virginia, covering all of Boone, Lincoln, and Logan Counties and parts of Mingo and Wayne Counties.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, and overlaps with the 16th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
Arto Väinö Uolevi Pirttilahti (born 4 April 1963 in Pohjaslahti) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
Also located in the Deogyu Mountain National Park, it is the only ski resort in South Korea situated in national park.
It has the second-highest vertical drop in South Korea after the 2018 Olympic downhill slopes and the highest vertical drop of the commercial resorts.
For hosting the 1997 Winter Universiade, the resort completed the ski jumping hills on September 16, 1996, and the slopes on the Seolcheon Peak on December 5, 1996 respectively.
At the end of the season, it was Indian Bank assistant coach Noel, who spotted his talent and signed him on at the club.
Pravitto then went on to succeed at his new club, scoring nine goals that helped Indian Bank to put an end to a trophy draught.
Jouni Einari Ovaska (born 9 September 1986 in Hämeenkyrö) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
Antti Ilmari Vilhelm Kurvinen is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Vaasa constituency.
Pasi Petri Kivisaari (born 23 October 1971 in Lapua) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Vaasa constituency.
Mikko Tapio Savola (born 29 November 1981 in Ähtäri) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Vaasa constituency.
Ari Juhani Torniainen (born 15 March 1956 in Lappeenranta) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
The Gators finished the 2019 season 49–18 overall, and 12–12 in the SEC to finish in a tie for sixth in the conference.
The Gators hosted a Regional and Super Regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and later advanced to the Women's College World Series.
Yamatorige-Ichimonji（やまとりげいちもんじ）, written as 山鳥毛一文字, which also called as Sanchomo（さんちょうもう, written as 山鳥毛）, Yamadorige（やまどりげ）, Sanshomo（さんしょうもう）, or Yamashomo（やましょうもう） is a Tachi created in Japan Mid-Kamakura period.
This Tachi became National Treasure in Japan as Tachi Mumei-Ichimonji (Yamatorige) Hitokuchi Tsuketari Uchigatana-Goshirae（太刀　無銘一文字（山鳥毛） 一口 附 打刀拵）, at March 29, 1952.
According to Satoh Kanzan, a nihontō appraiser, he assumes that the name came from admiring the beauty of tachi, such as the feather of copper pheasant, or landscape of sunset mountains.
Coleman Bennett Yeatts Sr. (October 31, 1908 – November 22, 1993) was an American attorney and politician, who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia Senate.
More than 30 years after leaving the House, he sought election to the Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1980.
Dollar signed with DGR-Crosley in October 2018 to drive part-time in what was then known as the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East as well as in the CARS Late Model Stock Tour.
In his first race in the series and with his team, which came at New Smyrna, he qualified second, led 48 laps and finished ninth in the race.
He ended up running almost all the races in his rookie season, only missing out on Watkins Glen, Bristol, Gateway, and New Hampshire.
4 Toyota at both Gateway and Kansas, finishing 6th and 7th, respectfully, as well as one K&N Pro Series West race at Phoenix in preparation for the new ARCA race at the track which was added to the schedule for the following year.
It was announced on December 19, 2019, that Dollar would be moving from DGR to Venturini Motorsports for the 2020 season, running full time in ARCA in the No.
15 Toyota, replacing Christian Eckes, who moved up to the Truck Series full-time with Kyle Busch Motorsports after winning the 2019 series championship.
He was accepted into Texas Christian University, but decided not to immediately attend and defer his enrollment in order to focus solely on racing.
He only started racing at age 15 when his parents agreed to let him drive a legends car if he got an A as his final grade in math in school that year.
While in high school, he also volunteered in homeless shelters and assisted living centers in Atlanta as well as being a eucharistic minister and confirmation leader at his church.
Even after the 1968 merger, a separate local 'North Section' was established for these clubs due to difficulties in travelling regularly to Aberdeenshire where most of the other teams were based.
As a consequence of these dynamics, the North League was seen as the weakest of the six regions despite having a larger population compared to the Fife and Ayrshire regions, and during its 33-year existence, none of its members reached the Scottish Junior Cup final.
In 2001 (one year earlier than other parts of the country) a new SJFA North Region was set up, now one of three across Scotland, but with its scope almost unchanged owing to the geography of the area - the existing East and North (re-named West) sections fed the Super League for its first two seasons before a region-wide three-tier model was adopted in 2003.
In its first 20 years of operation, the North Region also never produced a Scottish Junior Cup finalist, although its league champions have entered the 'senior' Scottish Cup since 2007 with some credible results.
Jukka Matti Kopra (born 11 February 1967 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
Matias Marttinen (born 25 June 1990 in Rauma) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Satakunta constituency.
Timo Pasi Petteri Heinonen (born 15 February 1975 in Loppi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Tavastia constituency.
This is a list of members of the Northern Territory Legislative Council from 23 October 1971 until its abolition on 19 October 1974.
Freda Warfield is an American politician currently serving as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, as the representative of the 58th District in Topeka, Kansas.
She was selected by Democratic Party precinct committee members on Dec. 27, 2018 to succeed Democratic Rep. Vic Miller, who had been picked by precinct committee members to succeed Democratic Sen. Laura Kelly, who was resigning from the Senate after her election as Governor of Kansas.
William Onico Barker (born November 6, 1934) is an American politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate from 1980 to 1992.
He ran for the Republican nomination to succeed Dan Daniel in Congress in 1988 but lost to Reagan White House aide Linda Arey.
The mountain is presently owned by Butternut Ski Area, who acquired it in 2016 to save the historic ski area from forclosure.
V1, also known as V1 Murder Case, is a 2019 Tamil thriller film directed by actor Pavel Navageethan in his directorial debut.
Pavel Navageethan's script, who was struggling to find a financier, was able to get a producer after the editor of the film, Prem Kumar, told to story to a hundred producers.
On the whole, this is a film which is pretty good on paper but somewhat loses the fizz when it comes onscreen.
It was recorded soon after by American country artist Tammy Wynette who also had minor success on the country songs survey.
Cheryl Helmer is an American politician and educator currently serving as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative from the 79th District.
It usually has rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, pale creamy yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical fruit.
It usually has rough, loose, fibrous or flaky bark at the base of the trunk, smooth tan to grey bark above.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils usually in groups of between seven and eleven, on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are pale creamy yellow and the fruit is a woody barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical capsule long and wide.
It is widespread from the Gascoyne region of Western Australia to the southern Northern Territory and north-western South Australia, with scattered populations in central Queensland.
P.A.Mohammed Riyas is an Indian politician from the state of Kerala, currently serving as the national president of Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI).
The Town of Walkerville, governing the suburbs of Walkerville, Vale Park, Medindie and Gilberton, in the northeastern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia, was established in 1944.
Flight Lieutenant Kenneth Lancelot Milne CBE (16 August 1915 – 27 December 1995) was elected to the Council of the Town of Walkerville in July 1961 and was immediately elected mayor.
Also during his time on the council, Milne initiated action for a free public library in Walkerville and campaigned for the establishment of the town's YMCA Youth Centre.
He resigned from the Walkerville council in December 1965 when he was appointed the Agent-General of South Australia in London by Premier Frank Walsh.
Milne held many positions in the 1960s and 1970s, including President of the Municipal Association, Chairman of the Local Government Act Revision Committee, member of the Municipal Tramways Trust and Chairman of the State Government Insurance Commission.
He served in the Australian military from 1938 to 1945 and married Kathleen Mary Powell (3 April 1916 – 7 May 2008) on 4 July 1940.
In 1954, Phillipson was elected to the Council of the Town of St. Peters (in the modern day the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters) for the Stepney ward.
After serving on the council for 8 years, he announced he would resign his position at the upcoming elections in 1962.
In the next bi-annual elections, he was elected to the vacant office of Mayor, replacing Lance Milne, who later became involved in South Australian politics at the state level.
He resigned after only one term as mayor in 1966 and was re-elected to the Medindie Ward in 1966, 1968, 1970 and 1972 before he retired from the council at age 63 in April 1974.
After his retirement he was appointed by the Governor of South Australia to the Forestry Board of South Australia in 1975.
Phillipson died at his home in North Adelaide in September 2001 and was buried at Saint Judes Cemetery in Brighton in the Western Suburbs.
Leonard Thomas Ewens (11 April 1910 – 23 July 1981) completed a Diploma II in Commerce at the University of Adelaide in December 1929.
Ewens was elected to the Walkerville Council for the Medindie Ward in July 1958 (declared elected October 1958) in a supplementary election.
He was mayor of the Town of Walkerville from his election in July 1966 to July 1969, when he retired and the 1969 council elections occurred.
After losing the Medindie Ward, Ewens was later elected in a supplementary election to govern the Gilbert Ward for one term (1969–70).
Scales attended St Peter's College and the University of Adelaide, passing English Literature & Geometry in 1919, and Physics in 1921.
He enlisted in the Australian Military in July 1942 and served during World War II in the 26 Motor regiment before being discharged in August 1945.
Scaled was elected Mayor of Walkerville in May 1969, with his term starting in July 1969, succeeding Leonard Ewens, who then took over the Gilbert Ward which Scales had vacated to take office.
This increased the number of people Scales presided over and created a new ward in the council, which elected 2 members bi-annually.
During his terms as councillor and mayor, Scales persistently worked towards more open spaces in the council area, and was the first chairman of the River Torrens Improvements Standing Committee.
Throughout his career, he strongly opposed the amalgamation of the Town of Walkerville with others and defended the rights of smaller councils.
After his term as mayor ended, Scales was elected to the council again as the member for the Medindie Ward in 1977 in a supplementary election to fill the vacancy left by Ken Price, who resigned after he was elected as mayor.
Scales was appointed to be a member of the County Board of the Metropolitan County District from February 1983 - February 1985.
He took office in July 1977, succeeding Edwin (Ned) Scales, who then took over the Medindie Ward which Price vacated to take office.
During Price's tenure, The eastern side of the council's area, especially the new side of Vale Park was mostly developed and the rate of change and development which had escalated in the 1950s and 1960s decreased.
He attended a trade school in Adelaide and was the highest achieving Grade I student in English, arithmetic and drawing in 1940.
In September 1965, Sparnon was elected to the Walkerville Council, representing the Walkerville ward for the balance of term of a retired councillor.
After briefly taking office as Acting Mayor in early 1982, Sparnon took office as official Mayor in October 1982, succeeding Ken Price, who then took over the Medindie Ward.
During Sparnon's tenure the council's population started decreasing as more middle-aged families started maturing and the demographic of young children decreased.
She attended Holbrook Primary School in that suburb from 1955 to 1959, Woodstock School for Girls from 1960 to 1961, and Toorak College from 1962 until her graduation in 1965.
Since her resignation from the council she has provided commentary regarding the merging of local councils, including Walkerville, in the Adelaide area.
She was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia in June 2004 for service to local government and to the community of Walkerville.
She was honoured by the Town of Walkerville when she was made an honourary 'Woman of Walkerville', and is now the Patron of this award.
He won the 1993 election and did not contest the office of mayor at the 1995 elections, instead serving one more term as the Walkerville Ward Councillor.
After her retirement, Craddock has been active in the Walkerville area and been a commentator on council issues such as proposed amalgamations between the Walkerville and other metropolitan councils.
Rich was re-elected as mayor in May 2003 but retired from the office of Mayor and from the council altogether in the November 2006 Elections.
During Rich's second term as Mayor, the Walkerville Terrace precinct was revitalised and the Walkerville Sports and Bowling Clubs were upgraded.
On 1 January 2004, Stage 1 of the Town Centre redevelopment became active with opposition from residents, but the council maintained that without this redevelopment, the Town Centre would stop functioning as a business hub.
In Pyeongchang's bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics, it was the venue for the sledding (bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton) and snowboarding events.
In 2018 while human athletes were competing in the 2018 Winter Olympics nearby Welli Hilli Park hosted a skiing event for robots, competing for a $10,000 prize.
She is known for her work in advertising, her New York Times bestselling book, for being an early investor in Uber and Blue Bottle Coffee through Lowercase Capital, and for her philanthropy.
Through the early 2000s, Sacca worked in advertising, serving as art director to clients such as Audi, Intel, Barclays, HBO, Sprint, and Napster.
Sacca is a partner at angel investing fund Lowercase Capital and the co-founder of Lowercarbon Capital, a fund dedicated to environmental investing.
Leocratides kimuraorum (Japanese: Kimura-hanakago-otohime-gokai) is a species of marine worm belonging to Hesionidae, which is known for the intensity of its intraspecific fighting.
The holotype specimen was found at a depth of , south of Honshu, off the coast of Shima, Mie The holotype was long and wide.
Sudivya Kumar is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Giridih block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
Minnie Minnich (Jan. 26, 1889 - Feb. 28, 1941) was an American politician who served one term in the Kansas House of Representatives representing the 69th District in Sumner County, Kansas.
A social worker and resident of Wellington, Kansas, she was elected in 1920 as part of the second group of women elected to the Kansas Legislature, serving with Rep. Minnie J. Grinstead, Rep. Nellie Cline and Rep. Ida Walker.
The building will be the city's tallest office building with 53 storeys and 263 metres of height at its scheduled completion date of mid-2022, and is desinged by Foster and Partners.
It is part of a A$5 billion redevelopment of the Circular Quay precinct, alongside the new buildings of Quay Quarter, One Circular Quay, 55 Pitt Street, 210 George Street, the terminus of the new CBD and South East Light Rail and redevelopment of the ferry wharves.
Kim Min-kyum (Hangul: 김민겸; born July 4, 1995), better known by his stage name Leellamarz (Hangul: 릴러말즈), is a South Korean rapper.
The Wildcats, led by 3rd-year head coach Ryan Ridder, play their home games at Moore Gymnasium in Daytona Beach, Florida as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
Istoricheskie Zapiski (Исторические записки) (Historical Transactions), also known as ИЗ, is an academic journal of history published by Progress Publishers in Moscow for the Russian Academy of Sciences and its predecessors since 1937.
Pierre Mambele (1945 – 8 June 2019) was a Congolese taxi driver working in Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
He became well known amongst Western journalists as a companion and guide who could take them towards the action and provide contacts for stories.
His parents died when he was nine, and Mambele moved to Kinshasa where he experienced the sudden independence of the Congo from Belgium in 1960.
On one occasion, Mambele and his passengers were stopped at gunpoint and beaten, but Mambele returned to work on the same day.
He developed contacts with the country's elites and officials through his confidence, and Mambele was recognized to an extent by the officials due to him often carrying Western journalists.
He was once employed as a bouncer at the Club 69 nightclub in Lae run by Madang Open MP Bryan Jared Kramer.
He was appointed Minister for Lands & Physical Planning in the government of James Marape and was sworn in to office on 7 June 2019.
Nellie Cline Steenson (December 7, 1885 - June 9, 1984) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the Kansas House of Representatives, Idaho House of Representatives and Idaho Senate.
A Democrat, she was the elected county attorney of Pawnee County, Kansas before her 1920 election to the Kansas House of Representatives, where she served two terms.
Moving to Pocatello, Idaho in 1935, she entered Idaho politics in 1942 and was the first woman elected to the Idaho Senate.
A graduate of Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas and a native of Larned, Kansas, she was part of the second group of women to serve in the Kansas House of Representatives, serving with Rep. Minnie J. Grinstead, Rep. Minnie Minnich and Rep. Ida Walker.
During her tenure in the Idaho Legislature she passed legislation to provide pensions for retired police officers and firefighters and worked to promote the University of Idaho.
Her work has been shown in several galleries and exhibitions including Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Kunsthal Zurich and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, University of Cape Town.
Gqunta is a founding member of iQhiya Collective, a network of young black female artists based in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa.
She uses found materials including empty beer bottles, petrol, torn bed sheets and worn wooden bed frames to create designs that expresses different forms of violence and the systemic inequality in South Africa.
She has shown her work with some galleries in South Africa including Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa and the Johannesburg Art Gallery (JAG).
In 1868 the family moved to Thames as he was transferred there, then to Hamilton in 1881 when he was transferred again.
Mohammad Asrar Rehbar (born 8 April 1998) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder while captaining Bengaluru United, which plays in the Bangalore Super Division.
In early 2017, Rehbar was one among to footballers from Jammu and Kashmir selected to play for SD Lenense, a third-division club in the Spanish football system.
In 2019, Rehbar signed a three-year contract with Bengaluru United, which played in the Bangalore Super Division, the third division of India's football league system.
He scored his first and second goals for the club in the 29th and 34th minutes during their 4–1 victory against ASC in the opening match of the league on 2 November 2019.
The third goal came as a solo effort as Rehbar took the ball at the halfway line and dribbled past two defenders before converting past goalkeeper Anandu N. K.
The film stars Naveen Kumar and Shruti Reddy and is directed by MS Raj, who was a former associate to director Pandiraj.
The film begins with Sukanya (Shruti Reddy) and Parthasarathy (Naveen) attending an interview for the post of a reporter in a private channel.
When the interviewer feels that they do not know much about the history of jallikattu and the protests which took place, he gives them two weeks’ time to learn thoroughly about the bull-taming sport.
The two aspiring reporters learn about the history and significance of jallikattu protest to secure a job in a private channel.
The film is based on the 2017 pro-jallikattu protests on the Marina Beach in Chennai as the director, MS Raj, felt that it was an important topic to document.
Cinematographer R. Velraj and audiographer Tapas Nayak worked on the film without pay as they felt that the issue being addressed was important.
After liking the content of the film, Jesu Sundarraman from the United States agreed to produce the film under his production house, J Studios.
He has touched upon various factors and anybody who wants to gather basic information about the traditional sport and the protest could watch the film while also criticizing the film by stating how there was hardly interesting except for the detailed information doled out on jallikattu.
The film has been screened successfully in several countries including USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Yemen, Singapore and Malaysia.
Rudolf Kaempfe (17 February 1893 – 23 December 1962) was a German general during World War II who held commands at the division and corps level.
In connection with the assassination attempt on Hitler of 20 July 1944, he was arrested on 21 July 1944 by the Gestapo.
When the war ended in May 1945, he was not liberated, but was taken captive by the Red Army and deported to the Soviet Union.
Marthe Yolande Ongmahan (born 12 June 1992) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for AWA Yaoundé and the Cameroon women's national team.
Ongmahan was included in Cameroon's squad for the 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations in Ghana, though she did not appear in the tournament.
The team ultimately won the third place play-off 4–2 against Mali, thus qualifying for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France.
She again did not appear in the tournament, which saw Cameroon reach the round of 16 before losing 3–0 to England.
The Vathaire affair was a French politico-financial affair of the 1970s, during the seven-year term of French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.
In 1976, Hervé de Vathaire, who was private financial director of Marcel Dassault, founder of the aerospace company the Dassault Group, had just lost his wife who had committed suicide.
He met Jean Kay, who was a writer, adventurer, mercenary and member of the neofascist Paladin Group, through two women, Bernadette Roels, who was 36 years old and an ex-prostitute, and her friend who was Kay's partner, Danielle Marquet, who he met at a bar.
On July 6, 1976, Vathaire went to a BNP Paribas branch and withdrew 8 million francs (800 million old francs, 1.2 million euros, $1.6 million at the time) from Marcel Dassault's account, which he put in two big bags, and then disappeared with Jean Kay.
On August 27, two days after the resignation of Jacques Chirac as Prime Minister, the press is aware and the Vathaire affair comes to light.
Others speculated that the money might have funded two burglaries that were used to finance international networks of the extreme right, including the efforts of Albert Spaggiari who organized the burglary of the Société Générale in Nice in August, 1976.
In what may have been an effort to stand out, he chose architecture over painting; becoming an apprentice at the Palacio Real de Madrid; under the direction of Domingo Lafuente, the official Palace Architect.
He remained with Lafuente until, in 1846, he was able to become a student at the recently established School of Architecture.
In 1855, he became involved in an ambitious project to renovate the Puerta del Sol, but it never came to fruition.
He was one of the few architects in Madrid who designed buildings in the International Style, as developed by the French architect, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc.
Many restoration projects were placed under his direction; perhaps the best known being the exterior decorations on the Church of Las Calatravas.
He performed similar work on the León Cathedral, for which he was posthumously awarded a medal of honor at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in 1881.
Eleanor Fried was a Belarus-born American film editor, business manager, and screenwriter who worked at Universal and MGM in the 1910s and 1920s.
She began her career as a film editor at Universal in New York before moving to Los Angeles to cut films alongside Frank Lawrence at Universal.
At Universal, she worked for years as an editor and staff critic before getting a chance to write her own scripts and eventually become a business manager.
A member of the Communist Party from an early age, he was educated as a political activist and did party work before serving in the Second World War during which he was wounded.
He started an academic career in Moscow and received his doctorate from Moscow State University (MSU) where he also taught before joining the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR of which he became director.
The zeal with which Sidorov opposed Mints was remembered when a position became vacant for a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Sidorov was not elected.
He was instrumental in the publication of 18 volumes of documents on the 1905–07 Revolution and ten volumes on the October Revolution of 1917.
He researched the development of capitalism in Russia which he concluded had developed largely independently of the rest of Europe, and is considered to have been the father of a new direction in Soviet historiography.
He became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1920 and attended institutions of higher education specifically intended to provide a Marxist training, graduating from the Sverdlov Communist University in 1923 and from the Institute of Red Professors in 1928.
Building on his training as an activist at the Sverdlov Communist University, Sidorov worked for the Communist party in Nizhny Novgorod, Vladivostok, and Khabarovsk from 1929 to 1936.
He taught at the Moscow City Pedagogical Institute, Moscow State University (MSU), and the Military-Political Academy, and worked at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1937 to 1941.
He was a professor at Moscow State Institute of International Relations from 1945 to 1949 and worked at the Bolshevik party school from 1946.
In addition to Mints's circle, Sidorov attacked Édourd Burdzhalov, whose wife was Jewish, and the Jewish historians Nikolai Rubinshtein and E. N. Gorodetskii.
Following a sustained campaign by Sidorov, Mints lost most of his academic positions by 1949 while Sidorov continued to receive advancement.
He was vice-rector for humanities at Moscow State University from 1948 to 1952, where he taught a course on Russian imperialism.
He was deputy director (1952) and then director (1953–59) of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
He was instrumental in the publication of 18 volumes of documents on the 1905–07 Revolution and ten volumes on the October Revolution of 1917.
Sidorov failed, however, to be elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, despite a space being made available for him, a result that V. V. Tikhonov in 2011 and Isaak Mints in his diary attributed to Sidorov having made too many enemies through his past ideological zeal but that Sidorov blamed on Mints blocking him from the position.
Sidorov's research was into the history of capitalism in Russia which he concluded had developed largely independently of the rest of Europe without the help of foreign investment.
The land where St Mary's Church stands was sold to the Anglican diocese by brothers William Barnard Rhodes, Robert Heaton Rhodes, and George Rhodes.
On 9 September 1880, Henry Jacobs (Dean of Christchurch) laid the foundation stone for a replacement church, designed by William Armson in Gothic style.
Jacobs stood in for Harper who was ill. Henry William Harper, Harper's son, was the Archdeacon of Timaru at the time.
In a storm on 9 September 1889, the belfry was blown over and the bell cracked, which thus had to be recast.
On 2 April 1985, St Mary's was registered by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now Heritage New Zealand) as a Category I building, with registration number 328.
Brachyscome aculeata, commonly known as hill daisy is a tufted perennial herb in the family Asteraceae and is endemic to Australia.
The leaves may be either smooth or with hairs, lower leaves lance shaped, broader at the apex or narrow and rounded at the end, long, wide, usually with a straight edge but occasionally with teeth or lobes.
The 12-20 flower bracts are arranged in rows, egg-shaped to narrow lance shaped, long and wide, edges rounded or sharply pointed.
In New South Wales hill daisy is found growing in dry locations in the southern tablelands from Wingello to Kosciuszko National Park.
In Victoria mainly found in the east of the state growing in wet locations, in the Grampians region, also at higher altitudes but rarely into open herb fields.
Ranjeet played an instrumental role in UBI’s terrific season who also finished as the runner-up in the RCF Nadkarni Cup 2018, losing to Air India FC in the last minute.
Ranjeet’s superb form and consistency earned him the best striker award for the MDFA Elite Division in the MDFA Awards Night 2018.
She began working as an actress in Hollywood in the early 1910s, and went on to forge a career as a screenwriter.
She met and married actor Robert McKinney (who went by the name Russell Richie professionally) on a film set in 1923.
He played 90 minutes and score the third goal as the Young Roar beat Western Sydney Wanderers Youth 3-1 in the 2019 Y-League Grand Final on 1 February 2019.
Muratovic made his professional debut for the Roar on 28 December 2019, playing the full game in a 1-1 draw against the Newcastle Jets at McDonald Jones Stadium.
He made a second consecutive start 4 days later, providing an assist for Bradden Inman’s winner in a 2-1 victory over Western Sydney Wanderers.
Philbert Ortiz Dy is a Filipino film critic who has become known for his reviews of Philippine New Wave films for prominent publications such as Rogue Magazine, the Philippine edition of Esquire, and the entertainment website clickthecity.
He is also the co-curator of the New Filipino Cinema program at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco.
He is known as a critic of the selection process for the Metro Manila Film Festival, having published a 2015 expose of how the films to be featured in the festival were selected, with a focus on profit over other considerations.
it is a process in which by Japa (repetition) of the name or the Mantra or Beej Mantra, the Deity is evoked.
To complete a Purashcharan, Sankalpa of every Aksara repetitions of the mantra are to be done for 100,000 times under the guidence of a Guru, then it is believed that his or her (Deity's) presence is invoked before the Worshipper.
It usually has rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, pale creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical fruit.
It usually has rough, stringy to fibrous or flaky bark at the base of the trunk, smooth dull grey to cream-coloured bark above.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils, usually in groups of between seven and eleven, on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
The flowers are pale creamy white and the fruit is a woody barrel-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical capsule long and wide.
It is found in the drier parts of the south-east of South Australia, to north-western Victoria and as far east as Nyngan in New South Wales.
Some parts of the Lingsar Park complex have been taken over which used to have an area of 40,000 m², leaving only half of it, in the complex there are 2 religious buildings of Pura and Kemaliq, of which there are 3 large ponds and a public bath.
Wilder Alfredo Wilson Pérez (born July 1, 2000) is a Nicaraguan footballer who plays as a defender for Nicaraguan side Diriangén and the Nicaragua national team.
Wilson captained the Nicaragua U17s at the 2017 CONCACAF U-17 Championship qualifiers in November 2016 in Costa Rica, and later played at the 2018 UNCAF U-19 Tournament in Honduras.
He made his debut for the Nicaragua senior national team on October 14, 2019, coming on for Kevin Serapio during a 4–0 win over Dominica in the 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League.
During her service as a patrol vessel, she was commanded by an American sailor called Gough, and American sailor Frederick Townsend Ward served as the ship's executive officer.
Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott.
Bermuda entered one dressage rider into the Olympic competition by finishing in the top four, outside the group selection, of the individual FEI Olympic Rankings for Groups D and E (North, Central, and South America), marking the country's recurrence to the sport after a twelve-year absence.
Bijay started his footballing career at Shillong Lajong in 2016 playing for their Under 16 and got promoted to the Under 18 and played 2 years at lajong.
Cruz' reviews have led him to be invited to join the selection committees of several major Philippine festivals, including the Cinema One Originals Film Festival, the Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino and the Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival.
Cruz was a member of the selection committee of the Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival, but resigned in 2012 in protest over the exclusion of one of the films nominated under the New breed category that year.
The 1991 World Cup took place 31 October – 3 November 1991 at the Le Querce Golf Club in Rome, Italy.
The Swedish team of Anders Forsbrand and Per-Ulrik Johansson won by one stroke over the Wales team of Ian Woosnam and Phillip Price.
Born in Sangerhausen, Braun studied musicology at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg from 1946 to 1950 with Max Schneider and school music with main instrument piano and Germanistics.
At the end of 1961, Braun left the German Democratic Republic with his wife and children and became a Privatdozent at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, combined with a research position.
Braun's main areas of research were German and British music history of the 17th and 18th centuries, especially North and Central German church music, opera and Singspiel, art song and music theory of this period.
The 2020 BMW PGA Championship will be the 66th edition of the BMW PGA Championship, an annual golf tournament on the European Tour, held 10–13 September at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.
This is a list of characters that appear in the Holy Book of Ramayana in Hinduism, Which plays the important role in it.
Sita's father, King Janaka, found her lying in a furrow on sanctified ground and decided to raise her as his daughter.
Ravana was a Rakshasa who performed penance for the God Shiva for many years, and in return received a great blessing from the God himself that he cannot be killed by any God, demon, or other divine being.
His arrogance combined, with great intelligence and power, has led him to rule over much of the earth, spreading terrible evil everywhere he went.
He took Rama on a quest to defeat a demon and to lift the bow of Shiva, the first step in then future king's great journey.
It is believed that he is able to tame the power of other gods, devas, and supernatural beings, and he often grants blessings and wishes to those who sit in dedication meditation ('Tapasya').
Lava, out of two was one of the son of Lord Rama he had a Brother Kusha, one of the youths to whom Valmiki taught the Ramayana that he received from Narada.
Vasishtha was a Sage and the Guru of King Dasharatha, he used to offer religious advice to the king and the royal family.
She later calls in this favor to have Bharata crowned king and Rama sent into the forest, inspired by the worlds of her maid, Manthara.
He made his List A debut on 28 December 2019, for Chilaw Marians Cricket Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament in Sri Lanka.
Kudachi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
Populus simonii, Simon's poplar, Simon poplar, or Chinese cottonwood, is a species of poplar native to northeast China and to Mongolia, and commonly planted as a street tree in cool temperate areas of Europe.
He graduated from George Washington University with degrees in history and economics and has a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University.
In 2016, Klein left the Republican party in protest over the nomination of Donald Trump, tweeting out his announcement and the completed voter registration form on 3 May 2016.
From the 1870s to the 1890s Templer painted scenes from around the Auckland region, including Devonport, Waiheke Island and the Waitakere Ranges.
Born in Vienna, with Styrian ancestry, Leitner studied at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna with Wolfgang Schulz and at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Robert Aitken.
She played solo flute and piccolo with the orchestras of the Vienna State Opera, including in a stage orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the London Mozart Players, the Irish Chamber Orchestra, the London Gala Orchestra, the Thames Chamber Orchestra, and the Vienna Mozart Orchestra.
The 1995–96 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 96th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Shiori Itō formally filed a suit against Yamaguchi in September 2017 for sexually assaulting her in a hotel on April 4, 2015.
A Tokyo court in December 2019 awarded Itō 3.3 million yen (US$30,000) plus additional fees in damages from Yamaguchi, however he stated that he will appeal the decision.
Yamaguchi denied the charges and filed a countersuit against Itō, seeking 130 million yen (US$1,180,000) in compensation, claiming the incident was consensual and the ensuing accusations has damaged his reputation, although that suit was later turned down due to inconsistencies in his testimony.
This ruling has garnered international press due to the lack of reported sexual assaults in Japan and the amount of societal and legal crucibles Itō had to endure for speaking up.
Yamaguchi stated that Kobayashi disseminated false information completely different from the facts in the manga Gomanism Declaration drawn by Kobayashi in the SAPIO magazine's August 2017 issue, where Yamaguchi was depicted as a criminal.
In the 1990s she moved to Brazil, where she spent four years, then migrated again to New Zealand, settling in Auckland.
The 1994–95 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 95th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
On 28 December 2019, a suicide truck bomber killed at least 85 people at the Ex-Control Afgoye police checkpoint in Mogadishu, Somalia.
The attack occurred at a busy intersection on the western outskirts of Mogadishu, at a police checkpoint during local rush hour.
The Ex-Control Afgoye checkpoint is located near a tax office, and is used by vehicles entering Mogadishu from nearby Afgooye town.
At least 15 of those killed were university students returning to class at Benadir University, whose minibus was demolished in the explosion.
Fifteen critically injured people, including an eight month old baby, were airlifted to Istanbul, Turkey for further medical treatment; thirty other critically injured people received medical treatment in Qatar and other neighboring countries.
Somali Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire announced the establishment of a national response committee to help the injured and offer support to those who lost family members in the attack.
On 30 December, two days after the attack, radical Islamist group Al-Shabaab, which had carried out previous suicide attacks in Mogadishu, claimed responsibility.
The Somali government, in coordination with U.S. Africa Command, conducted three retaliatory airstrikes targeting Al-Shabaab leaders in the Lower Shabelle region after the attack.
Amanullah loyalism refers to several historical movements in the Kingdom of Afghanistan to restore Amanullah Khan as king of Afghanistan after he was deposed in January 1929 during the Afghan Civil War.
These movements were unsuccessful, and Amanullah died in exile in 1960 in Zürich, Switzerland without ever regaining control, other than a brief period of control in southern Afghanistan in the 1929 Afghan Civil War.
In March 1929, during the 1929 Afghan Civil War, Amanullah assembled an army in Kandahar made up of Durrani, Khattak, Ghilzai and Hazarah fighters.
However, his attempt to march on Kabul was unsuccessful, and he retreated to Qalat, where he fell under a Saqqawist siege on 19 May.
The Shinwari rebellion was a rebellion by the Shinwari that took place in February or May 1930 in the Kingdom of Afghanistan.
The Kuhistan rebellion was a rebellion in modern-day Kohistan District, Kapisa which took place in 1930 in the Kingdom of Afghanistan.
It began in February 1930, when rebels seeking to restore Amanullah Khan as King of Afghanistan broke out in open rebellion against Mohammed Nadir Shah.
At his instigation a number of tribesmen took arms with the intention of marching on Kabul, and they received considerable reinforcements from the Wazir and Mahsud tribes across the Indian border.
They met the government troops which were sent south to oppose them in the neighbourhood of Matun, and some sharp fighting takes place at the end of February and beginning of March.
The tribesmen from across the border then began to withdraw at the bidding of some of their elders who were sent by the British authorities to recall them, and the uprising soon came to an end.
A relative of Amanullah, Said al-Kailani, also known as the Shami Pir marched on Kabul with an unknown amount of Ghilzai warriors.
There are 2 accounts as to how the rebellion ended - according to British records, the rebellion was defeated in the summer of 1938 by the Afghan army using British-supplied rifles.
According to Harvey Smith, the rebellion ended after the British bought off Shami Pir following frantic appeals by the Afghan government.
In either case, this rebellion prompted the Prime Minister, Mohammad Hashim Khan, to increase subsidies for Pashtun tribes near the Durand line.
In April 1944, Mazrak Zadran, an Amanullah loyalist, led an ambush against government troops in the Southern province, after which he was beaten back and forced to retreat into the hills.
In late 1944, he invaded the British Raj, where he was joined by a Sultan Ahmed, a rebel chieftain from Balochistan.
During World War II, some press in the west reported that Amanullah was working as an agent for Nazi Germany in Berlin.
He played first-class cricket for Manchester against Sheffield on four occasions between 1846–1848, scoring 35 runs with a high score of 18.
He was employed by HM Customs and was married to Margaret Bellhouse, the sister of the cricketer Thomas Bellhouse, with the couple having six children.
The 1993–94 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 94th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Charles Roger Slack (22 April 1937 – 24 October 2016) was a British-born plant biologist and biochemist who lived and worked in Australia (1962–1970) and New Zealand (1970–2000).
Slack was born on 22 April 1937 in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England; the first and only child of Albert and Eva Slack.
Charles Roger Slack studied biochemistry at the University of Nottingham, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in 1958, and a Doctorate in 1962.
From 1962 he worked as a biochemist at the David North Plant Research Centre in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (funded by the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. Ltd).
From 1989, Slack was a Senior Scientist at the newly formed Crown Research Institute for Crop & Food Research in Palmerston North, New Zealand.
It was renamed in recognition of his outstanding contribution as a plant biologist and biochemist in New Zealand, his role in the discovery of C4 photosynthesis (also known as the Hatch Slack Pathway), and his contribution as an early member of the New Zealand Society of Plant Biologists.
It became the Sunderland and Durham County Eye Infirmary in 1903 and the Durham County and Sunderland Eye Infirmary in 1911.
The current facility, which was financed by a gift from Sir John Priestman, a shipbuilder, was opened by Princess Elizabeth as the Sir John Priestman Durham County and Sunderland Eye Infirmary shortly after the Second World War.
In 1592 the Irish College of St. Patrick, Lisbon, was established by Howling for the training of Irish students for the priesthood.
The South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust is a National Health Service trust formed from the merger of City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust and South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust in April 2019.
Tuarii or Tūari'i (died 1911) was the Queen regnant of Raiatea and Tahaa in the Leeward Islands of the Society Islands, part of present-day French Polynesia.
She and the minor chief Teraupo'o led a resistance government in the Raiatean rebellion (1887–1897) which was part of the larger French conquest and annexation of the Leeward Islands.
Her grandfather Hihipa Tahitoe was the son of Vete'a-ra'i U'uru, the chief of Opoa, and grandson of King Tamatoa II of Raiatea from whom her family claimed the right to throne of Raiatea.
Tahitoe was deposed by his subjects for requesting the protectorate and his daughter and successor Queen Tehauroa unsuccessfully attempted to enlist the protection of the British to preserve the independence of Raiatea in accordance with the Jarnac Convention of 1847.
To avoid French intervention a female-line cousin and a junior member of the royal family of Huahine was installed as King Tamatoa VI.
On 16 March 1888, the French annexed Raiatea and Tahaa after formal negotiation between Great Britain and France ended the 1847 Convention.
In 1887 or 1888, Tuarii was installed on the throne by the rebel chief Teraupo’o in opposition to King Tamatoa VI who had sided with the French.
In 1895, Queen Tuarii traveled to the British protectorate of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands to seek help from the British Resident Frederick Moss who refused to meet with her.
Teraupo'o and the rebels of Tahaa and the district of Tevaitoa refused the call to surrender and the rebellion ended after the rebel chief's captured after two months of guerilla warfare on 16 February 1897.
Tuarii was offered an annual pension of 2,400 francs, but the French refused her request for pensions for members of her family.
The plant, designed William Carbys Zimmerman, was built in 1897, and originally served as Eckhart & Swan’s wheat and rye mill.
In 1897, Eckhart & Swan began constructing a new wheat and rye mill at a cost of approximately $330,000, replacing their existing mill at Canal and Fulton.
In 2017, Archer Daniels Midland announced that it intended to build a new plant in Mendota, Illinois and close their plant in Chicago.
Teams have been split into groups of four, where an elimination bracket determines the two teams to advance to the next stage from the sub-zones.
The 2020 Algarve Cup will be the 27th edition of the Algarve Cup, an invitational women's football tournament held annually in Portugal.
With Celeste Schenck she established 'Reading Women Writing' at Cornell University Press, one of the first book series dedicated to women's writing and feminist scholarship.
She founded the University of Miami's program in Women's and Gender Studies, and also served as Chair of the English Department and Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs in the College of Arts and Sciences.
VotVoti is a series of websites that host links and embedded videos, allowing users to illegally stream or download copyrighted movies for free.
By April 2019, ISPs in India were ordered to block VotVoti, and the U.S. Government identified the site as one of the top piracy sites.
The events of the Palau de la Música took place in the Palau de la Música Catalana in Barcelona on 19 May 1960 during a celebration to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Catalan poet Joan Maragall.
These events are considered to mark the revitalization of Catalan activism after the Spanish Civil War and the beginning of the political career of Jordi Pujol, who would eventually become President of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
The importance of these events go far beyond from music, particularly because of the remarkable reaction of the public after the government banned the Cant de la Senyera from being sung at the event.
Even though he was not in the venue, he helped organise the protest and was found guilty by a military court and sent to prison.
Franco's dictatorship always paid special attention to repressing any pro-Catalan expression, both of the Catalan language and the symbols of the country.
However, after the regime's consolidation in the 50s the government planned some concessions sponsored by the mayor of Barcelona at the time, Josep Maria de Porcioles.
They announced the concession of a Chart that would allow the city a certain level of self-government, the cession of the castle of Montjuïc to the local concil, a compillation of Catalan Civil Law, and the official celebration to mark the 100th anniversary of Catalan poet and writer Joan Maragall birthdate.
These gestures became evidently a farce as the governor of Barcelona, Felipe Acedo Colunga, banned the Cant de la Senyera from being sung.
Joan Maragall was in fact the author of the actual poem and it had been initially scheduled at the end of the event, as it tradtitionally was by the Orfeó at the end of every concert.
Activists from an organisation called Catalan Christians organised a protest that was to take place on the same day as the concert to celebrate Joan Maragall, 19 May 1960.
As soon as the event started, a group of young people stood up and started singing the Cant de la Senyera while spreading a particular anti-Franco cartoon that had been created as a reaction to Franco's visit to the city, that had taken place a few days earlier.
Scatsta Airfield, on the opposite shore of the Voe, and which grew from the nearby flying boat base of RAF Sullom Voe, is sometimes referred to as 'Sullom Airport'.
Novel Baswedan (born 22 June 1977) is an Indonesian investigator working for the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and a former officer of the Indonesian Police (Polri).
During his early education, his family's economic situation necessitated him to work as a construction worker while studying in junior high school, though he had reportedly desired to become a police officer from his youth.
After graduating from highschool in Semarang, he initially intended to enroll at a university in Surakarta, but cancelled it due to financial reasons and he instead joined the Police Academy.
After his graduation, Baswedan was assigned to Bengkulu, where he was involved in a number of cases including a forestry and an illegal gambling case.
Four days after his promotion, an incident occurred where police officers under his command abused suspects in a theft case - Baswedan was investigated for ethical violations and later received a reprimand, though he remained in his office until October 2005.
At KPK, Baswedan handled several high-profile cases, including the arrest of for graft related to the 2011 Southeast Asian Games, a bribery case during the election of a deputy governor for Bank Indonesia, bribery of Constitutional Court chief justice Akil Mochtar, and others.
Following a KPK investigation of alleged corruption within the police, which named a police general as suspect, Baswedan was investigated by the police in retaliation.
On 5 October 2012, police officers (from Bengkulu) went to the KPK building in order to arrest Baswedan, accusing him of having conducted violence during interrogation procedures in the 2004 theft case.
Within hours of the initial attempt, civilian activists formed a human chain around the KPK building in order to prevent police from arresting Baswedan, launched a social media campaign, and held demonstrations which successfully pressured President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to order the ceasing of Baswedan's investigation by the police and allow the police general to be prosecuted by KPK.
Novel did not respond to two summons that month (from which KPK's acting president had prohibited Baswedan from complying with) and he was arrested in his home on 1 May 2015.
He was briefly detained, but he was released shortly afterwards and by 3 May he was giving interviews criticizing the police's actions, referring to them as a form of revenge.
The Indonesian Ombudsman later published a recommendation which named maladministrative practices by the police during Baswedan's investigation, which included falsification of documents and deviation from procedure.
On 11 April 2017, two men threw acid at Baswedan's face close to his home, during a high-profile investigation of alleged corruption in the Electronic Identity Card (e-KTP) project which involved among others Speaker of the People's Representative Council Setya Novanto.
After around three months of investigation by police which yielded no results, Police Chief Tito Karnavian agreed to form a joint investigative team with KPK, following a meeting with President Joko Widodo.
Baswedan returned from medical treatment on February 2018, and by July 2018 he had returned to his previous work as the head of the investigation task force.
After over two years of investigation, Widodo gave a one-month deadline to newly appointed police chief Idham Azis to solve the Baswedan case on 1 November 2019.
Baswedan is the grandson of journalist and politician Abdurrahman Baswedan, and is the first cousin of 17th Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan.
Peter of Goulaion () was a Byzantine abbot of the early 9th century, who was used by Emperor Nikephoros I as envoy.
In 806, during the invasion of Asia Minor by the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, Peter and Michael, along with Gregory, the steward of Amastris, were sent to the Caliph to propose negotiate a peace.
He may also be identifiable with the unnamed abbot of Goulaion, who according to Theodore Stoudites abandoned the veneration of icons in , but later () returned to an iconophile position.
Romà Cuyàs i Sol (24 November 1938 – 27 December 2019) was a Spanish lawyer and sports and cultural executive, President of the Spanish Olympic Committee between 1983 and 1984 and commissioner of the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.
Cuyàs i Sol graduated in Laws for the University of Barcelona and was an athlete of the CN Barcelona, of which he was also part of the board of directors as president of the athletics section.
He entered the Catalan Athletics Federation in 1962 as a board member under the presidency of Miguel Arévalo, and was a member of the board of directors of the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation representing the first division clubs from 1980 to 1982.
Between 1982 and 1987, Cuyàs i Sol was Secretary of State for Sports of the Spanish Government and president of the National Sports Council where he had to lead the democratization of sport and sports federations after the dictatorship.
Cuyàs i Sol was also advisor-delegate of Ediciones 62, sole general director of the group of companies of Editorial Planeta and defender of the partner of Agrupació Mútua.
As cultural promoter he was founder and first president of the Association of Publishers in Catalan Language between 1978 and 1982, vocal, accountant, treasurer and vice president of the Guild of Publishers of Catalonia between 1971 and 1982, and general director of Cultural promotion of the Generalitat of Catalonia between 1996 and 1997.
He had an important role in the system of Catalan culture at the end of the Franco dictatorship and during the transition to democracy.
The cargo, when inventoried, amounted to 179,935 dollars, 473 marks of worked silver, 561 chests of cascarilla, 54 bags 3 serons of wool, 40 serons of sea-wolf skins, 9 serons of indigo, one chest of drugs, 17,507 cargas of Guayaquil cocoa, 1,745 bars of copper, and 3,398 bars of pewter.
Quarry Moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, at the south edge of Ripon, North Yorkshire, England, and adjacent to the A61 road.
The land was donated in 1945 to the people of Ripon by the town's mayor, Alderman Thomas Fowler Spence, a varnish manufacturer.
Therefore, its calcareous grass area is fenced off for protection and study, but it also contains a car park, information signs, a children's play area, accessible paths, benches, and dog waste bins.
The strata of the quarry face at the western side of the Quarry Moor site are the remains of a Permian shoreline of 255 million years past.
Sediments from the tropical Zechstein Sea ultimately became the Magnesian Limestone outcrop of north-east England, part of which is exposed here.
For example, in the 15th century the walls of the 12th century Chapel of St Mary Magdalene, Ripon, were refaced with blocks of limestone from Quarry Moor.
In this area there is water-soluble gypsum mixed with the limestone deposits, and the occasional collapse of cavities left by this gypsum layer has been blamed for the local sinkholes which have been appearing for centuries past.
Thomas Fowler Spence (1878–1949) lived at Red Hills Grange, was Mayor of Ripon between 1927 and 1929, and was managing director of T.R.
Facilities include information boards, accessible paths, informal paths, benches, and dog toilet bins, besides a fenced-off wildflower meadow, and a children's play area in the north-east corner with a public car park.
The site was notified on 1 May 1986, being of interest for the large number of plant species supported by the calcareous grassland habitat.
Quarry Moor is funded by Natural England, via Defra Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund, Harrogate Borough Council, Ripon City Partnership and (until 2012) Yorkshire Forward.
On the chalky grassland, alongside sheep's fescue and meadow oat-grass, grow rough hawkbit, hoary plantain, purging flax, thyme, glaucous sedge, yellow oat, quaking grass and red fescue.
For example, there are various herbs: common spotted-orchid, great burnet, restharrow, marjoram, cowslip, hay rattle, greater burnet-saxifrage, basil, cross-wort, ox-eye daisy, knapweed, self-heal, lady's bedstraw, bird's-foot trefoil and primrose, all growing alongside slender false-broom and false-oat grass.
Maintenance of this section is needed to prevent the growth of rank grass and scrub, which would eventually dominate the area and affect the site's biodiversity.
Thus traditional hay cutting is carried out, and the grassland is grazed by ponies, cattle and native sheep such as Hebrideans.
When the calcareous grassland of this site was assessed for Natural England in 2011 it was judged to be in favourable condition, although the biodiversity was borderline, and scrub (hawthorn and ivy) was beginning to encroach on the grassland.
James Levine's 25th Anniversary Metropolitan Opera Gala was a concert, lasting (including intermissions) approximately eight hours, that the Metropolitan Opera staged in 1996 in honour of its then principal conductor and Artistic Director.
Excerpts from the gala were released by Deutsche Grammophon on a 72-minute CD, a 161-minute VHS videocassette and a 161-minute double Laserdisc in 1996, and on a 293-minute double DVD in 2005.
Levine was the longest serving conductor in the Met's history, becoming its Principal Conductor in 1973, its Music Director in 1976 and its inaugural Artistic Director in 1986.
At the time of his gala, he had led the Met in 1,646 performances of sixty-eight operas, twenty-one of which he had introduced into the company's repertoire.
Its television broadcast was sponsored by Mrs Harrington, the Texaco Philanthropic Foundation, Inc., and the National Endowment For the Arts, in association with Deutsche Grammophon, the United Kingdom's BBC Worldwide Television, Japan's NHK, Holland's Nederlandse Programma Stichting, Denmark's Danmarks Radio, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Sweden's Sveriges Television.
On the last occasion on which Nilsson had appeared at the Met, in its 1983 Centennial Gala, she had sung Isolde's Narrative and Curse.
Not all the most distinguished opera singers were present: José Carreras had a previous commitment, Montserrat Caballé, Marilyn Horne and Teresa Stratas were ill and Kathleen Battle had been fired from the Met in 1994.
Dominated by Mozart, Verdi and Wagner, the gala's programme was typical of the repertoire of the Levine era but lacked any unifying theme otherwise.
Of especial interest were two prominent up and coming artists, Roberto Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu [appearing one day after their wedding].
Its programme booklet's cancellation list alone deserved a mention in The Guinness Book of Records, with Cecilia Bartoli, Hildegard Behrens, Nicolai Ghiaurov, Marilyn Horne and Luciano Pavarotti all pleading illness.
There was no doubt that the gala must have been a delightful celebration, but the wisest rule for such events was to record them in one's memory rather than on tape.
Indeed, the playing of the Met orchestra was more enjoyable to listen to than any of the singers, and both were surpassed by the album's closing speech by Birgit Nilsson.
The gala was televised in a live transmission on PBS, and was also broadcast in Australia, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Thirteen excerpts were released on a 72-minute CD (catalogue number 449-177-2), accompanied by a 24-page insert booklet with an essay by Cory Ellison in English, French, German and Italian, and with production photographs of Alagna, Terfel, Fleming, Domingo, Ramey, Cotrubas, Zajick, Te Kanawa, Hong, Hadley, Robbins, Swenson, Mattila, Hagegård, Kraus, Bumbry, Voigt, von Stade, von Otter, Murphy, Nilsson and Levine.
Twenty excerpts were issued on a 161-minute pair of CLV (constant linear velocity) CX-encoded Laserdiscs (catalogue number 072-551-1) with 4:3 NTSC colour video and digital audio.
In 2005, Deutsche Grammophon released thirty-three excerpts from the gala on a 293-minute pair of DVDs (catalogue number B0004602-09), with 4:3 NTSC colour video and audio in PCM stereo and an ersatz 5.1-channel surround sound upmix in both DTS and Dolby Digital.
The DVDs include an interview with Levine, a picture gallery and trailers, and are accompanied by a 12-page insert booklet with an essay by Kenneth Chalmers in English only.
Kao: Gentleman Spymaster is a biography of Rameshwar Nath Kao, the founding chief of India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW).
Through interviews with people who worked with Kao or were trained by him, Kao's declassified recordings and other official documents, meetings with his family, Gokhale managed to complete the book in 65 days.
Through the life of RN Kao, the book is a view into how the people and organisations that protect India's national interests were built.
Gokhale writes about Kao's early years including the early death of his father, his university years all the way to his entrance into the police world in 1940 to 1947 when he joined the Intelligence Bureau, where his responsibilities included the security of the Prime Minister and foreign leaders visiting India.
His major assignments such as the crash of Kashmir Princess are brought alive in the book, where Kao's interactions with the first Chinese premier Zhou Enlai are insightful.
Gokhale goes on to describe successful Indian – US cooperation in intelligence, where Kao was in charge of setting up the Aviation Research Centre with US assistance.
Gokhale goes on to write about the causes the led up to the formation of R&AW and the circumstances under which Kao was made the first chief.
It was here that Kao's abilities were fully visible, overseeing the merger of Sikkim and the partition of Pakistan, something which both the people of Sikkim and Bangladesh wanted respectively.
A book discussion and launch also took place on 21 December 2019 in College of Engineering, Pune which was attended by Lt. Gen. Manoj Mukund Naravane (the then Chief of Army-designate), Vappala Balachandran (former Special Secretary, R&AW who worked with Kao) and Jayant Umranikar (former DGP Maharashtra and R&AW officer).
It is native to the lowlands of Western Europe and Central Asia, but in the United Kingdom it is a rare and protected plant, growing only in Yorkshire, on grassland sites such as Quarry Moor.
It is a herbaceous and self-supporting plant with simple broad, scale-like leaves, normally growing up to , and it flowers between May and July.
In general it is a lowland plant which grows on the edges of rivers and roads, and on floodplains, preferring grassland.
It was notified in 1989 on Hook Moor SSSI, where Natural England suggests that rabbit activity is beneficial to the survival of this plant.
She has translated works by Yusuf Idris, Mohamed Salmawy and Ahmed Aboul Gheit, but she is best known for her translation of the Galal trilogy by Kamal Ruhayyim.
Vikun Taak is an upcoming Indian Marathi language film directed by Poster Boyz fame Sameer Patil and produced by Uttung Hitendra Thakur, under the banner of Viva Inen.
The first look poster was released on 28 December, in which Chunky Pandey, Shivraj Vaychal & Rohit Mane appeared in their character look.
Larkin was born in 1926 in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Ruth Lily (McIntire) and Oliver Waterman Larkin, an art historian.
Abdelaziz Djerad (; born 12 February 1954) is an Algerian politician who has served as Prime Minister of Algeria since 28 December 2019.
After completing a bachelor's degree at the Institute of Political Sciences and International Relations of Algiers in 1976, he moved to Paris Nanterre University where be obtained his doctorate.
On 28 December 2019, Djerad was sworn in after being appointed Prime Minister of Algeria and was immediately tasked with forming a new government.
The club had a rich history, it won three times the national championship, twice the national cup and once the Super Cup.
The Franchère Lake (French: Lac Franchère) is a fresh water body located in the head zone of the rivière aux Écorces du Milieu, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of Lac Franchère is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly supplied by the outlet of Lac Ballon, as well as the outlet of Lakes Day and Germain.
Its native distribution ranges from the Canary Islands through Europe, northern Africa and Western Asia to the west Himalayas in the Indian subcontinent.
In machine learning, a given algorithm is said to be fair, or to have fairness if its results are independent of some variables we consider to be sensitive and not related with it (f.e.
However, the main progress in this area is that some big corporations are realising the importance the reduction of algorithm bias will have on the society.
In classification problems, an algorithm learns a function to predict a discrete characteristic formula_1, the target variable, from known characteristics formula_2.
We model formula_3 as a discrete random variable which encodes some characteristics contained or implicitly encoded in formula_2 that we consider as sensitive characteristics (gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.).
Now let us define three main criteria to evaluate if a given classifier is fair, that is, if its predictions are not influenced by some of this sensitive variables.
We say the random variables formula_6 satisfy independence if the sensitive characteristics formula_3 are statistically independent to the prediction formula_5, and we write formula_9.
This means that the probability of being classified by the algorithm in each of the groups is equal for two individuals with different sensitive characteristics.
We say the random variables formula_18 satisfy separation if the sensitive characteristics formula_3 are statistically independent to the prediction formula_5 given the target value formula_1, and we write formula_22.
This means that the probability of being classified by the algorithm in each of the groups is equal for two individuals with different sensitive characteristics given that they actually belong in the same group (have the same target variable).
Finally, a possible relaxation of the given definitions is the difference between rates to be a positive number lower than a given slack formula_15, instead of equals to zero.
We say the random variables formula_18 satisfy sufficiency if the sensitive characteristics formula_3 are statistically independent to the target value formula_1 given the prediction formula_5, and we write formula_31.
This means that the probability of actually being in each of the groups is equal for two individuals with different sensitive characteristics given that they were predicted to belong to the same group.
The following criteria can be understood as measures of the three definitions given on the first section, or a relaxation of them.
Fairness can be applied to machine learning algorithms in three different ways: preprocessing the data used in the algorithm, optimization during the training, or post-processing the answers of the algorithm.
That is, an approximation to the difference between the probabilities of belonging in the positive class given that the subject has a protected characteristic different from formula_88 and equal to formula_88.
Algorithms correcting bias at preprocessing remove information concerning variables in the dataset which can result in unfair decisions of the AI, while trying to alter just the bare minimum of this data.
This is not as easy as just removing the sensitive variable, because other attributes can be related to the protected one.
A way to do this is by mapping each individual in the initial dataset into an intermediate representation in which its impossible to identify if it belongs to a particular protected group, while maintaining as much information as possible.
This way, individuals are mapped into a new multivariable representation where the probability of any member of a protected group to be mapped to a certain value in the new representation is the same as the probability of an individual which doesn't belong to the protected group.
As the intermediate representation is constructed giving the same probability to individuals inside or outside the protected group, this attribute is hidden to the classificator.
In the process, the system is encouraged to preserve all the information except those that can lead to biased decisions, and to obtain a prediction as accurate as possible.
On the one hand, this procedure has the advantage that the preprocessed data can be used for any machine learning task.
The idea is to assign a weight to each dataset point such that the weighted discrimination is 0 with respect to the designated group.
These constraints force the algorithm to improve fairness, by keeping the same rates of certain measures for the protected group and the rest of individuals.
For example, we can add to the objective of the algorithm the condition that the false positive rate is the same for individuals in the protected group and the ones outside the protected group.
Note that the equality of false negative rates implies the equality of true positive rates so this implies the equality of opportunity.
This technique obtains good results in improving fairness while keeping high accuracy, and lets the programmer to choose the fairness measures to improve.
However, each machine learning task may need a different method to be applied and the code in the classifier needs to be modified, which is not always possible.
An important point here is that, in order to propagate correctly, formula_106 above must refer to the raw output of the classifier, not the discrete prediction; for example, with an [[artificial neural network]] and a classification problem, formula_106 could refer to the output of the softmax layer.
In this method we have a classifier which returns a score for each individual and we need to do a binary prediction for them.
High scores are likely to get a positive answer, while low scores are likely to get a negative answer, but we need to adjust the threshold to determine when to answer yes or no depending on our needs.
If the score function is fair in the sense that it's independent of the protected attribute, then any choice of the threshold will also be fair, but this type of classifiers tend to be biased, so we may need to set a different threshold for each protected group to achieve fairness.
A way to do this is plotting the true positive rate against the false negative rate at various threshold settings (this is called ROC curve) and check which threshold satisfies that the rates are equal for the protected group and the rest of the individuals.
The advantages of postprocessing include that the technique can be applied after any classifiers, without modifying it, and has a good performance in fairness measures.
The cons are the need to access to the protected attribute in test time and the lack of choice in the balance between accuracy and fairness.
Given a [[Statistical classification|classifier]] let formula_123 be the probability computed by the classifiers as the probability that the instance formula_2 belongs to the positive class +.
When formula_123 is close to 1 or to 0, the instance formula_2 is specified with high degree of certainty to belong to class + or - respectively.
We can optimize different measures of discrimination (link) as functions of formula_130 to find the optimal formula_130 for each problem and avoid becoming discriminatory against the privileged group.
Baya Jurquet (born 9 April 1920 in Algiers, Algeria - died 7 July 2007 in Marseille) was an antiracist and anti-colonial activist and feminist.
Born in 1920 in Algeria at the time when it was still a colony, she therefore had French nationality obtained by her father as a wounded veteran from the great war under the Clemenceau decree.
Due to the perseverance of her father she schooled at the French school until she was 11 years old, at 14 she was married to her cousin who was 4 years older, under a customary arrangement where she acquired the name Baya Allaouchiche.
She lead on the struggles of her early life about the gender inequalities that existed at the time and for the independence of Algeria and for a more equitable world through her communist values.
She was a member of the central committee of the Algerian Communist Party (PCA) clandestine, which advocated for the right of Algerian women and their independence.
She was also the secretary of the Women's Union of Algeria where she represents her country at numerous international conferences of communist women.
During the national liberation revolution of the Algerian people, in 1955, she organized demonstrations of women prisoners and was later imprisoned in France in 1956.
She then settled in Marseille but she did not give up the struggle for independent Algeria, especially by serving as a relay to the FLN and support for French militants committed alongside Algerian fighters.
In 1959 she met the founder of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of France, Jacques Jurquet, who was also an anti-colonialist and anti-racist, who would later become his companion.
She was elected general secretary of the Union of Algerian women in 1949 and member of the central committee of the Algerian Communist Party (PCA), which mobilizes various audiences in Kabyle, Arabic, and French, it remains in contact with the FLN.
He had his book accepted into the Library of Congress, and was honored with a proclamation from the Mayor and city council of Snellville, and honoured by the Ghanaian Embassy in Washington, DC.
The list shows the country of the sponsor(s) of each award, but recipients are not necessarily limited to people from that country.
A native of Montreal, Joseph-Charles Franchère studied painting at Conseil des arts et manufactures de la Province de Quebec, with Joseph Chabert and François-Xavier-Édouard Meloche.
Franchère notably painted for the chapel of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart of the basilica of Our Lady of Montreal.
It is named after the first collection to which it belonged, the Marteau collection in Brussels, Belgium, although it is now in a private collection in Japan, belonging to the Agonshū sect of Buddhism.
The precise location where the statue was discovered is unknown, but it was acquired in Peshawar, and it is thought to have been excavated in Sahri Bahlol due to its similarity with , now in the Peshawar Museum.
The statue is remarkable in that it is one the rare Gandhara Buddhist statues to bear a dedication with a date.
However, the advanced character of the iconography has led some authors to support a later date, based on a supposed second Kanishka era starting a century later or a theory according to which the hundreds would have been omitted from the date.
Some much later dates have been suggested as well, for example a date in the Huna era of Khingila, which would give a period circa the 5th century CE, but such a date can be considered as too late.
A date in the Gupta era has also been suggested, but there is no evidence of the Gupta era being used so far north.
This dated sculpture suggests that the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara was already at a very advanced stage of sophistication at the beginning of the Kushan period, in the early 2nd century CE, implying the existence of a long preliminary tradition leading up to it.
At 4:30pm on 22 March 2018, a car bomb exploded outside Wehliye hotel on Maka Al-Mukarrama Road in Mogadishu, Somalia, killing 18 people.
He worked at the Met Office for 14 years in a variety of roles including the Met Office’s chief adviser to government, providing support to the government in areas such as climate change policy, the civil contingency programme and the UK’s Public Met Service, before eventually becoming the first Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society in 2006, until 2012.
Hardaker was chairman of the Natural Environment Research Council and directed the programme on the Flood Risk from Extreme Events (FREE).
For five years he was also a non-executive director on the Board of Berkshire West Primary Care Trust and was actively involved with local and regional healthcare initiatives.
Hardaker is also a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP), Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society (FRMetS), and Chartered Meteorologist (CMet).
Victor King McElheny (born 6 September 1935) is an American science writer and journalist, who has covered a wide variety of topics, including the Apollo lunar landing program, molecular biology, astronomy, science in Antarctica, and environmental issues.
From 1972 to 1973 he worked for the Polaroid Corporation as a consultant and historian, describing the SX-70 integral instant color photography system and preparing reports on automation study.
The day after Watson received word from Stockholm that he would share in that year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, he lectured in George Wald’s Natural Sciences 5 class about modern biology.
McElheny was several times at Cold Spring Harbor for scientific meetings and meals at the Watsons’ home, and chaired public policy sessions at a 1976 conference on environmental sources of cancer.
He was charged with organizing approximately 20 conferences on environmental health risks, and publishing (as the chief editor) 12 books from the conferences.
Victor McElheny and his wife Ruth attended celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the double helix at the Waldorf Astoria New York in 2003, Watson’s 80th birthday in 2008, and his 90th in 2018.
In 1982 McElheny joined MIT to create a fellowships program with funding from the Sloan Foundation and the Mellon Foundation; the fellowships program (MIT Knight Science Journal Fellowships) is administered by the Program in Science, Technology, and Society and was headed by McElheny from 1982 to 1998.
As first director of what became the Knight Science Journalism program, he oversaw the program's permanent endowment through donations of $8.25 miliion over eight years from the Knight Foundation, supplemented by $2.5 million from other MIT donors to match the $5 million Knight endowment challenge.
Victor McElheny and his wife Ruth, along with a grant from the Rita Allen Foundation, funded MIT's Victor K. McElheny Award.
Victor McElheny and Brenda Maddox were panelists at a 2003 symposium at the Centre for Life in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
McElheny met Hilary Rose and her husband Steven in London in the 1960s and greatly enjoyed conversations in which McElheny's political differences with Hilary and Steven Rose were major.
In his famous book, Watson, taking the part of Maurice Wilkins (who might have been a distant relative of Crick’s because Crick's mother's maiden name was Wilkins), took adolescent swipes at Rosalind Franklin in a book that was both designedly and inevitably indiscreet and adolescent.
In addition to his long acquaintanceship with Watson, McElheny, starting from the time when he worked for the Polaroid Corporation in 1972–1973, was personally acquainted with Polaroid's genius innovator Edwin H. Land for many years.
Halldóra Vanda Sigurgeirsdóttir (born 28 June 1965) is an Icelandic former multi-sport athlete who played both for the Icelandic national football team and the Icelandic national basketball team.
In 2001 she became the first woman in Iceland to coach a men's football team when she was hired as the manager of Neisti Hofsósi.
When she moved to Akureyri to study at the Menntaskólinn á Akureyri, she played with a women's team for the first time.
Her last game was on 21 June 2008 when she was called into Tindastóll's squad an hour before its game against Höttur due to an injury to Tindastóll's goalkeeper.
Uchechukwu Nwaneamaka known commonly in the Nigerian movie industry as Uche Mac-Auley and by her other name; Uche Obi Osotule is a Nigerian writer, movie producer and most imperatively, a veteran actress.
Mac-Auley is from Delta State in Nigeria which is a south-south geographical area of Nigeria predominantly occupied by the minority tribes as well as the Igbo people of Nigeria.
It was the first time that the hammer was contested by women at the Games and one of the earliest international competitions for this event.
The lac Honorine is a freshwater body on the hydrographic side of the Launière River, of the Jacques-Cartier River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province, in Quebec, Canada.
The surface of Lake Honorine is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
This lake is mainly fed by riparian streams, by the outlet (coming from the northeast) from lakes Berth and Mongeau and by a stream (coming from the southeast).
This lake is surrounded by mountains on the east and south sides, whose peaks reach to the northeast and to the southwest.
From the mouth of Lake Honorine, the current follows the course of the Launière River consecutively over generally south, the course of the Jacques-Cartier River on generally towards the south where it merges with the Saint Lawrence River .
The Moors used made a circle of camels which scared Byzantine horses to such an extent that horse archery became impractical.
Due to the Moor formation these were not able to do much damage and when the Moors charged the fighting turned against them.
Solomon then decided to attack the other side of the circle, predicting it to be weakened to such an extent that the hidden cavalry could not spring into action in time.
The men's 56 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 7 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
He was also the counsel in petitions filed against court-martial proceedings about the GHQ attack and convictions of Pakistan Navy officers.
On 10 January 2020, the Lahore High Court declared the detention of lawyer illegal and order the military to immediately release him.
Wild Target () is a 1993 French comedy film directed by Pierre Salvadori.A remake directed by Jonathan Lynn was released in 2010.
He became known for his development of national guideline to prepare hospitals against disasters, national respond framework in disasters and integrating emergencies numbers in Iran.
He has been member Academy of Medical Science Iran since 2016... Khankeh has been head of department and research centre of Health in Emergency and Disaster in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science Tehran since 2012.
When he was 18 years old he left the college for attending Iran-Iraq War as a young volunteer health care provider and as paramad.
After a few months, he got responsibilities as a clinical nurse in the emergency clinics in the front line of the war.
In his years at war, Khankeh came into contact with people who were from less privileged economic classes of society and he felt the difficulties and hardship that existed in Iran during war period.
He was always curious to ho help the people in catastrophic situations, therefore, he attempted to improve his knowledge in nursing and emergency and offer solutions for the problems faced by Disaster societies.
He finished his bachelor's degree in Iran University of Medical Sciences at 1991 and at the same year he started his master's degree in Nursing Science at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science and Medical Education.
Khankeh decided to improve his knowledge where he continued his Post-Doctora under supervision of Prof. Maaret Castren at Department of Clinical Science and Education Sweden in field of emergencies and disasters health focusing on qualitative paradigm special using theory methodology.
His special focuses are on theoretical and applied disaster research in the field of emergencies and disasters health, on qualitative designing in field of emergency and disaster and also hospital emergency risk management programming.
He has been as a deputy of research and technology in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science between 2014 and 2017.
Khankeh is visiting professor in departments of clinical science and education at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, Leipzig University in Germany and University of Gdansk in Poland, he gives internatonal and national lectures at congresses and gives courses on topics related to disaster and emergencies and qualitative methodology.
He will do research about Disaster Risk Reduction in Tehran (Capital of Iran) by improving disaster Risk understanding and social trust in Free University of Berlin.
Khankeh when he expend some months for research in field of emergencies and disasters coordination at University of Hyogo in Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community he realised that his country needs to focus on coordination in disaster situation.
When he backed form Japan he started to develop disaster risk reduction in Iran in field of health and he has done some interventions base on an international recommendation like Hyogo framework for action 2005 and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction for action 2015 to reduce the amount of disaster risk in the country.
Therefore, Khankeh from 2011 tried to developed a national guideline to prepare hospitals against disasters and this guideline is known as a national guideline in every part of Iran.
Nowadays this guideline has been included in hospitals accreditation system and all hospitals including governmental and private hospitals, even military hospitals have to follow criteria.
Khankeh and his team in 2015 base on order of head of National Disaster Management Organization initiated National Respond Framework (NRF) in disasters and emergencies situations and distributed in different parts of Iran.
This national response framework has been developed base on two level of the disaster which categorized disaster in Iran from E0 which means emergency zero until E-four it means emergency four( E0,E1,E2,E3,until E4).
In Iran there are several organizations which are involved in the field of emergency and disaster such as Iranian medical Emergency medical services(EMS), Iranian Red Crescent Society, Iranian fire department, municipalities, police department, and social welfare and the other involved organisations they all have their own emergency numbers.
Nowadays this national project has been piloted under supervision of him in one of the cities of Iran Qom which have the most important high way in the country with the highest rate of accident.
His publications include Farsi and English language books as publisher and author on the emergency and disaster health and more than 150 peer-reviewed articles.
Khankeh and his research team published the first National Tool for Hospital Preparedness Against Disasters and Hazard and Hazard Assessment Toolkit for Disaster & Health which they are one of the main references book in this area.
The Cagiva C593 was a racing motorcycle made by Cagiva, which was used in the 500cc class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing during the 1993 season.
Just like last year, the Cagiva riders continued to be competitive, despite not being as strong as other manufacturers like Yamaha, Honda or Suzuki.
Doug Chandler frequently rode the machine into the points and managed to score a third place podium, even battling with Wayne Rainey's Yamaha for second, at the season opener in Australia.
The high point however, came when John Kocinski joined the team late in the season after the 250cc Factory Suzuki team had fired him and went on to win Cagiva's first and only race of the season at the 1993 United States Grand Prix as the rivals on the seemingly better machines crashed out.
Mat Mladin, replacement rider Juan Garriga and wildcard rider Carl Fogarty scored a decent haul of points as well, the team scoring a total of 199 points and getting two podiums - one of which was a win.
The dam was originally designed to accommodate the width of two Ford Model-T automobiles, and had to be later reduced to a single lane road due increased vehicle widths.
The build contract was awarded to Edward Kraemer & Sons, Inc. of Plain, Wisconsin, with an overall total cost of $21.3 million USD in 1992.
He co-founded a firm with Archibald G. Rigg in 1919, and they designed the Shriner's Hospital and Hutton Elementary School in Spokane.
They designed at least two buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Red Shield Inn (now known as Lewis Army Museum) in Fort Lewis, Washington, and the First Presbyterian Church of Whitefish in Montana.
Became a symbol of the struggle for historical memory in Spain for the struggle she maintained for the recovery of the body of his father, Timoteo Mendieta, killed in 1939 by Francisco Franco's troops, branch of the Spanish army raised against the legitimate government of the Second Spanish Republic, and buried in a mass grave in the cemetery of Guadalajara.
Daughter of the marriage formed by Timoteo Mendieta, a member of the General Workers Union (UGT), a socialist syndicate union attached to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and María Ibarra, a member to a conservative family and good social position.
In 1939, after the arrest of Timoteo Mendieta and leaving the family without resources, they moved to the Madrid town of Puente de Vallecas to the house of Timoteo's mother.
When Paz dies, it is Ascension, supported by his family, who continues the same until, first in 2013 and then in 2017, that the exhumation and identification works that conclude with the delivery of the mortal remains of his father and is buried in civil cemetery of Almudena in Madrid.
Off-rolling or offrolling is the practice in the United Kingdom, of removing disadvantaged and struggling pupils from the school roll, before they take their final exams so their poor results are not included in the school statistics.
Off-rolling is the practice of removing a pupil from the school roll without using a permanent exclusion, when the removal is primarily in the best interests of the school, rather than the best interests of the pupil.
Requests to the senior leadership team (SLT) for information give no response or details just that the parent has removed them.
According to Ofsted, who also wished to know why the child is no longer there, and published a report on 9 May 2019, 24% of secondary teachers have experiences off-rolling, while an additional 51% had heard of it but not experienced it.
Teachers are suspicious that off-rolling is taken place, when it occurs at key points in the year, when they have been recently asked for a behaviour report about the child or the child is a know low attender or low achiever.
It is possible that transfer was genuine, but in a climate where the reasons aren't given, they assume that this is one of the pattern.
Two techniques have been used, transferring the child who is already receiving help through an alternative provider (AP) such as a specialist behavioural or autism unit, fully onto the units roll.
Persuading the parents that it is in everyones interest if the child remains at home and is taught by the family or privately.
At the end of 2018, Ofsted identified 300 schools where the numbers leaving the roll was abnormally high, it wouldn't name them but contacted their academy trust or controlling local authority.
The inspection of The Sutton Academy, St Helens, which is overseen by the St Helens College, showed 12 pupils who were receiving education, through an AP in the dual-roll mode, were transferred to the AP, removing them from Sutton's roll.
This practice had been going on, there and in other local schools with the knowledge of the local authority for several years.
Other schools criticised by Ofsted for off-rolling pupils are Harrop Fold School in Salford and the Shenley E-ACT Academy in Birmingham, both of which were put in special measures.
Philip Nye, working for FFT Education Datalab, explains that in total, 24,600 pupils disappeared from mainstream schools last year, leaving for unknown destinations.
It is estimated that as many as 9,000 disadvantaged 16-year-olds were not taking exams or recorded in school league tables because they cannot be located on school records.
London is particularly badly affected.‘Academies, particularly those in some multi-academy trusts, appear to be losing proportionately more pupils than local authority schools.
The Education Select Committee in July 2018 said that 'off-rolling is in part driven by school policies created by the Department for Education’.
‘The Department cannot wash its hands of the issue, just as schools cannot wash their hands of their pupils.’ Progress 8 incentivises exclusion; it detering schools from retaining pupils ‘classed as difficult or challenging’.
When pupils are off-rolled, the consequences for them are severe: only around one per cent of children who leave to an alternative provision or a special school achieve the benchmark five good GCSEs.
About 20,000 children leave the rolls of mainstream secondary schools to a range of other destinations: with only six per cent achieving five good GCSEs.
The show follows people who want to move away from the city to move for a permanent vacation in the Bahamas.
She graduated magna cum laude from North Carolina State University in 2008 with a bachelors degree in Spanish language and literature.
She worked as a Spanish language teacher for kindergarten through twelfth grade and as a medical interpreter at doctors offices in North Carolina.
During her time as a teacher, Glasser received a diploma from a modeling school in Raleigh and moved to New York City.
She had small roles in television commercials, short films, music videos, television and film cameos, and worked as a hair and shoe model.
The 2020 bwin Grand Slam of Darts will be the thirteenth staging of the tournament, organised by the Professional Darts Corporation.
The event will take place from 14–22 November 2020 in Wolverhampton, England, and like in 2019, it will take place at Aldersley Leisure Village.
At most sixteen players could qualify through this method, where the position in the list depicts the priority of the qualification.
As the list of qualifiers from the main tournaments produced fewer than sixteen players, the field of sixteen players is filled from the reserve lists.
The first list consists of the winners from 2020 European Tour events, in which the winners are ordered by number of event wins then in Order of Merit position order at the cut-off date.
If there are still less than sixteen qualified players after the winners of European Tour events are added, the winners of 2020 Players Championships events will be added, firstly by winners of multiple events followed by Order of Merit order.
Michael John Rose (born 22 July 1943) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Charlton Athletic, Mansfield Town and Notts County.
Born in Phoenix, Arizona, he played at St. Mary's High School and led the school to its first boys basketball state championship during his final season.
Williams played collegiately for the Arizona State Sun Devils, where he led the team in scoring and rebounding during his junior season in 1981–82.
Williams was selected by his hometown Phoenix Suns as the 45th pick of the 1983 NBA draft but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
It is supported by the Egyptian government and is regulated by the Egyptian Central Bank and the national Egyptian Banks Company (EBC).
The cards are issued by most of the major banks in Egypt like National Bank of Egypt (NBE), Banque Misr, Alex Bank, Banque du Caire, Commercial International Bank (CIB), and other Egyptian banks.
She represented the Netherlands at the 1996 Summer Paralympics and at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and in total she won two bronze medals.
In 1996 she won the bronze medal in the Women's Singles 4 event and in 2000 she won the bronze medal in the Women's Teams 1-3 event together with Jolanda Paardekam.
The UK Albums Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling albums of the week in the United Kingdom.
This list shows albums that peaked in the top ten of the UK Albums Chart during 2020, as well as albums which peaked in 2019 but were in the top 10 in 2020.
The entry date is when the album appeared in the top 10 for the first time (week ending, as published by the Official Charts Company, which is six days after the chart is announced).
Nynorsk is the official written form for many of the dialects in the west of Norway and Eide is a key advocate for the use and promotion of Nynorsk, one of the two official languages in Norway.
She studied literature in Trondheim University (NTNU) in conjunction with working for the new youth channel, at the time, on Norwegian television, NRK Petre.
She has worked for many years on the national NRK radio network but in recent years is best known for her television shows.
In 2007 came Norsk attraksjon (Norwegian Attraction) where she travelled around Norway and introduced the Norwegian viewers to attractions that do not appear in tourist guidebooks.
In 2014, she set up the performance 200 years in 2 hours together with pianist and comedian Sjur Hjeltnes, a presentation of Norway's history.
Eide has written numerous books, with her book Oppdrag Mottro (Mission Mother) winnning the Melsom Prize for its wide readership and distribution.
Since 2013, she has worked together with Akselberg and Hjeltnes on a monthly language show Ut med språket (Out with Language) in the Literature House in Bergen.
She also gives lectures internally at NRK and at the university and Media centre in Bergen, on the subject of narrative for radio and television.
Eide has won prizes for her work including: 2005, she won the Gold Umbrella prize from the Bergen journalist society for Døden bak Styret (Death behind the handlebars), a documentary about the plight of cyclists in city traffic.
In 2008, the National Cyclists' Association gave her a prize for her long-standing commitment to the bicycle as a means of transportation.
James Peter Sutton (born 6 September 1949) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Kathleen McCarty (born December 2, 1949) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 38th district since 2015.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
Farewell, My Beautiful Lady () is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Fernando Cerchio and starring Gino Cervi, Alba Arnova and Armando Francioli.
It presents a love triangle between a Colonel of the Bersaglieri, his wife and a his young student set against the backdrop of Italy's entry into the First World War in 1915.
The song was written by Torres, produced by Enrique Elizondo and it was recorded in George Tobin Studios, North Hollywood, CA.
The track received a nomination for Regional Mexican Airplay Track Of The Year by a Male Group at the 2005 Latin Billboard Music Awards and Regional Mexican Song of the Year at the 2005 Lo Nuestro Awards.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
Robert McCray (born March 24, 1996) is an American football defensive end who mostly recently played for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).
He was waived at the end of training camp at the end of training camp and subsequently re-signed to the team's practice squad.
After graduating from college, he worked most immediately as a salesman, but later became involved with a series of theater companies.
Tadano joined the Theater Echo Training Institute in 1988, and two years later became a research student at the same entity.
Since his face physically resembles Tadao Futami, a senior member of a well-known theater company, Tadano took on the stage role of Futami.
Folgore was the lead ship of her class of four destroyers built for the (Royal Italian Navy) in the early 1930s.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
Alan Peter Charles Green (born 19 April 1951) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
Mill Creek drains of area, receives about 43.4 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 444.64, and has an average water temperature of 8.19°C.
Musë Prelvukaj is a Kosovar artist born in Martinaj, near Gusinje and Plav in what is now Montenegro, on December 25, 1950.
After finishing elementary school in Martinaj and Gusinje, he enrolled at the Fine Arts division of the High School of the Arts in Peć in 1971 followed by a graphic design course at the Academy of Figurative Arts in Pristina.
In the 1990's, he began exhibiting student artwork there on national holidays, receiving peer awards for his efforts in 1996 and 2005.
As an artist in his own right, he has participated in 50 exhibitions at home and abroad, headlined three solo exhibitions, and co-authored a book.
He is part of the Association of Kosovo Figurative Artists (ShAFK) and a sister Association of Figurative Artists among Albanians in Montenegro (ShAF shqiptar në Mal të Zi).
Jennifer Dionne is an Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University and director of its TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy.
She is currently Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University, and is also a professor of Radiology (by courtesy), affiliate faculty at the Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, and director of the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy.
He has worked in the past with artists such as Tony Allen, Jacob Desvarieux, Roy Hargrove, Michel Martelly and Francisco Mela.
However Omicil was directed away from his first choice of the piano which already had too many students and he eventually chose the alto saxophone.
Three years into his studies Omicil was offered a scholarship to the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Boston, where he majored in Music Education.
Later on he will also attend the Thelonius Monk Institute of Jazz among the 20 finalists and be featured on BET Jazz.
Over the course of his career Omicil will play with a number of prominent musicians such as Branford Marsalis, Richard Bona, Mike Stern, Marcus Miller, Pharoah Sanders, Wyclef Jean and Marlon Saunders to name a few.
In July 2018 Omicil serves as master of ceremony at a tribute concert celebrating Quincy Jones' 85th birthday at Montreux, Switzerland.
Shane O'Regan (born 2000) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Premier Intermediate Championship club Watergrasshill, divisional side Imokilly and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.
He made a number of appearances throughout the game and was selected as a substitute when Imokilly faced Glen Rovers in the final on 20 October 2019.
O'Regan was introduced as a 53rd-minute substitute and claimed a winners' medal after scoring a point in the 2-17 to 1-16 victory.
O'Regan first lined out for Cork when he was added to the extended panel of the Cork under-17 team for the 2017 Munster Championship.
He remained a member of the extended panel throughout the campaign which saw Cork claim the Munster Championship after a 3-13 to 1-12 defeat of Waterford in the final.
On 6 August 2017, O'Regan made the team's match-day panel when he was selected amongst the substitutes for the All-Ireland final against Dublin.
On 23 July 2019, O'Regan scored three points from play in a 3-15 to 2-17 defeat by Tipperary in the Munster final.
He was again selected at full-forward when Cork faced Tipperary for a second time in the All-Ireland final on 24 August 2019, however, he ended the game on the losing side after a 5-17 to 1-18 defeat.
On 29 December 2019, O'Regan had his first involvement with the Cork senior team when he was selected amongst the substitutes for Cork's Munster League game against Waterford.
At the 1984 Summer Paralympics he competed in athletics and at the Summer Paralympics of 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000 he competed in individual and team para table tennis events.
In total he won one gold medal, one silver medal and one bronze medal at the Summer Paralympics, all in table tennis.
At the 1996 Summer Paralympics he won two medals in table tennis events: the silver medal in the Men's Teams 1–2, once again together with Rudolf Hajek, and one of the bronze medals in the Men's Singles 2 event.
At the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna he completed his studies in concert and pedagogy with Werner Tripp and Wolfgang Schulz.
Since 1989 he has been teaching flute at the Mozarteum University Salzburg, as the youngest professor in Austria at the age of 23.
Kofler has performed as a soloist with over 90 internationally renowned orchestras such as the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields, the , the Philharmonic, and Symphonic Orchestras of Munich, Calgary, Prague, Tokyo, Kyoto, Ljubljana, Zagreb or the Zagreb Soloists under conductors such as Massel, Levine, Luisi, Kitajenko, Brüggen, Koopman, Graf, Nott and others and has performed at various festivals.
The 1990 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 27 July - 4 August 1990 at the Leicester Velodrome.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
During the Spanish Civil War, the ship torpedoed and sank the Republican oil tanker off Ras el Mustafa, French Tunisia, on 11 August 1937.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
Freccia was the lead ship of her class of four destroyers built for the (Royal Italian Navy) in the early 1930s.
The turbines were designed to produce and a speed of in service, although the ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers.
John Walter Clark (born 1935), is Wayman Crow Professor of Physics emeritus at Washington University in St. Louis, and a recipient of the Eugene Feenberg Medal in 1987 for his contributions to many-body theory.
He received his BS and MA degrees in physics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1955 and 1957, respectively.
He then earned his Ph.D. in Physics under the supervision of Eugene Feenberg at Washington University in St. Louis in 1959.
He was an National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Princeton University advised by Eugene Wigner and a NATO postdoctoral fellow at University of Birmingham and Saclay from 1959 to 1963.
He became an assistant professor of physics at Washington University in 1963, was interim department chair from 1996-1997, and succeeded Edwin T. Jaynes as the Wayman Crow Professor of Physics.
Clark is notable for his contributions to nuclear physics and many-body theory, but later in his career also turned his interests to neural nets.
Among the offices in which he served were United States Marshal for the District of Vermont (1823-1829), Sheriff of Orange County (1812-1813, 1815-1822), and commander of the Vermont Militia's 4th Division with the rank of major general in 1822.
Joseph Edson was born in Randolph, Vermont on March 3, 1782, a son of Josiah Edson (1758-1819) and Sarah (Pinney) Edson (1756-1804).
A Democratic-Republican, Edson began a career in government at an early age, serving as a town constable from 1805 to 1809. after serving as deputy sheriff, he was elected Sheriff of Orange County and served from 1812 to 1813, and then again from 1815 to 1822.
During the War of 1812 he was commissioned as a major, and helped organize the Randolph-area contingent that took part in the defense of Plattsburgh in September 1814.
He continued to serve in the militia, and was commander of 1st Brigade, 4th Division from 1818 to 1822 with the rank of brigadier general.
Denunciations published by the newspaper contributed to the isolation of Jews during the first years of the Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia.
Antisemitism and fascism, as represented in the newspaper, were the fringe of opinion among Czechs, but gained in popularity after the 1938 Munich Agreement forced Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland to Nazi Germany.
Rudolf Novák (1890–1947), who had been imprisoned in Austria-Hungary for his activism in the Czech National Social Party and served in the Czechoslovak Legion, was the editor-in-chief of the newspaper from early 1941.
However, he was arrested by the Gestapo in December 1940 and deported to Dachau concentration camp; ownership passed to his daughter, Olga.
In another article two weeks later, the paper recommended continued support for the persecution of Jews despite the threat of prosecution after the war and information from foreign radio that the Jews deported from the Protectorate were being systematically murdered.
The antisemitic content and promotion of collaboration did not decrease, even after it became clear that Germany would lose the war.
The newspaper solicited denunciations of Jews and non-Jews who failed to follow anti-Jewish regulations or were insufficiently pro-Nazi from its readership, making it easier for Czechs to make denunciations without going directly to Nazi institutions.
In his postwar trial for collaboration, Novák estimated that he had received 60 such letters daily and it was not possible to print them all.
The Czech police investigated all of these denunciations and some of the victims of denunciations were arrested by the Gestapo and deported to concentration camps.
Some denunciations shed light not just on the willingness of antisemites to report on their neighbors, but also the resistance to Nazi edicts among other Czechs.
However, most Czech Jews did not survive in order to testify; in Novák's trial, most evidence was given by Jews who had been in mixed marriages.
He was previously head coach at Benedictine University, and a long-time assistant at the University of Nebraska Omaha prior to the discontinuance of football at that institution after the 2010 season.
Following his graduation from Hastings in 1995, McCaslin taught at Benson High School in Omaha, Nebraska, also serving as an assistant football coach.
In 1997 he became a graduate assistant at the then-NCAA Division II University of Nebraska Omaha (UNO) of the North Central Conference under head coach Pat Behrns, inaugurating a 14-year tenure at that institution.
Also on the staff at that time was Lance Leipold, who would later hire McCaslin as an assistant at the University at Buffalo.
McCaslin steadily ascended the coaching ranks at UNO on the defensive side of the ball, becoming defensive line coach in 2000 and defensive coordinator in 2005.
McCaslin's career at UNO came to a halt in the spring of 2011 when the school decided to transition to NCAA Division I and join the Summit League.
He was a candidate for the head coaching jobs at two schools: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) in Rapid City, South Dakota, and Chadron State College in Chadron, Nebraska.
McCaslin eventually landed at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, as defensive coordinator for the 2012 season, after reaching out to head coach Chris Creighton.
McCaslin served as defensive coordinator for the 2012 and 2013 seasons; Drake's 2013 defense ranked fifth in the FCS in rushing.
When Creighton departed Drake for the Eastern Michigan University head coaching job after the 2013 season, he brought McCaslin with him as his new defensive coordinator.
Eastern Michigan struggled on both sides of the ball during Creighton's first two years, to the point that the faculty union and student government would question the viability of continuing the program in early 2016.
The University at Buffalo, also a school in the Mid-American Conference, hired McCaslin as a defensive analyst for the 2016 season under head coach and former fellow UNO assistant Lance Leipold.
After two seasons in Buffalo, McCaslin accepted the heading coaching job at Benedictine University in Lisle, Illinois, which competed in the NCAA Division III Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference.
After a brief hiatus, SMU would join Conference USA in 2005 and the rivalry would continue when both schools moved to the American Athletic Conference in the midst of 2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment.
11 Houston in 2016, the school put up a billboard only one mile away from Houston's campus as part of a new statewide marketing campaign.
The first game took place on September 27, 1975, in Houston, Texas, and the two schools have continued to play each other with few interruptions since.
Houston and SMU spent much of their athletic histories as members of the same conference: the Southwest Conference from 1977 to 1995, the Conference USA from 2005 to 2012, and their current conference of the American Athletic Conference since 2013.
November 26, 1983: The Tokyo bowl known as the Mirage Bowl was the longest road trip for both schools in their school history.
A crowd of 62,000 watched as Lance McIlhenny led the Mustangs with two touchdown passes and along with the mistakes of the Cougars, which helped SMU take the victory 34–12.
October 21, 1989: SMU was playing in its first season back from the death penalty while Houston was coming off of a strong 9-3 campaign in 1988.
However, Houston was hit with a two year bowl ban starting in 1989 for recruiting violation, so the Cougars were out for blood during the regular season.
October 22, 2016: The 2016 Houston Cougars football team were picked by many experts to obtain the Group of Five's New Year's Six bowl bid, having only one close loss to Navy earlier in the season.
However, the #11-ranked Cougars were upset by SMU 16 to 38 and the Cougars dropped out of the AP Poll the following week.
Houston & SMU would meet three times in the NCAA Tournament before playing in a regular season game, first in 1972.
Throughout their shared time in the Southwest Conference, the Cougars and Mustangs would meet seven times in the Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, with SMU leading 4-3 in their meetings then.
The teams have also been conference mates in Conference USA and the American Athletic Conference, meeting once each in the tournaments for each conference.
March 16, 1956: In the teams first ever meeting, they first played at Allen Fieldhouse in the 1956 NCAA Sweet Sixteen.
March 13, 1965: In the teams second meeting, Houston and SMU met to play in the 1965 NCAA Regional Third Place Game.
March 18, 1967: In the third meeting in the NCAA Tournament, a Final Four was on the line as the teams met in the 1967 NCAA Elite Eight.
This time, fortune would favor the Cougars, led by the 31 points from Elvin Hayes, Houston would gain their first series win to a score of 83–75 .
March 12, 1983: After beating the Mustangs twice in the regular season, Houston would meet SMU once again in the 1983 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament Semifinals.
Houston would win the Conference Tournament and make a NCAA run before finally losing to NC State in the 1983 NCAA Finals.
March 3, 1985: The days of Phi Slama Jama behind them, the tables turned in favor of SMU with the Mustangs beating No.
12 SMU seemed to be heading in the right direction under the leadership of coach Larry Brown, visiting the Cougars with a 19–1 record on the season and having beaten the Cougars already on the season.
The song tells the story of a man's indecision about choosing between his couple and his lover, not wanting any of the two to suffer.
When he was in Los Angeles he had two female friends in the extremes of the city, and he thought they would never meet because of the distance, but finally that situation happend and he had to face it.
Anders Eriksson is from a family of Swedish curlers: one of his brothers is well-known curler Oskar Eriksson, player of Team Niklas Edin, four-time World champion; another of his brothers is curler Markus Eriksson, 2014 World Men's silver medallist.
'Uthman al-Ushi al-Farghani () was a Hanafi jurist, Maturidi theologian, hadith expert (muhaddith), Chief Judge or Supreme Judge (Qadi al-Qudah or 'Aqda al-Qudah as he was also called), and researcher who has ferreted out facts and established them (muhaqqiq).
He was born or lived in Osh (Ush), by the Ferghana Valley (Ush in today's Kyrgyzstan) and hence his demonym al-Ushi.
Asmah Laili (24 September 1940 – 15 February 2019) was a radio producer, and television presenter in Singapore, who also became famous for her programs and publications on Malay cuisine.
Asmah Laili began working at Singapore Broadcasting Corporation in 1959, as a protegée of Zahrah Za'ba, the company's first woman executive.
Asmah anchored programs on Warna 94.2FM, and was an executive producer for a Malay radio station in Singapore, working with writer Jah Lelawati among others.
She was the first woman to work as a television presenter in Singapore, and was a mentor to aspiring female broadcasters who followed.
Her father, the second son of Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther, served as Sheriff of Westmorland, Master of the Ullswater Foxhounds, and Chairman of the Cumbria Constabulary.
She was the niece of James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale and is a first cousin of Hugh Lowther, 8th Earl of Lonsdale.
Viktor Nosov who at that time was a head coach of the Vorskla's predecessor Kolos invited Shariy to the team of masters that played at the Soviet Second League when Shariy just turned 16.
Soon he was noticed by scouts of the Soviet Top League from Dynamo Kyiv and CSKA Moscow and in 1976 joined the Kyivan team.
Due to strong competition for a spot on the main team and the reserve squad, Shariy soon left Dynamo in Kiev for another in Minsk that was coached by Oleh Bazylevych helping the main Belarusian team with promotion to the Soviet Top League.
Following promotion of Dinamo Minsk, Shariy decided to stay and continue to play at the Soviet First League joining FC Metalurh Zaporizhia for which he scored a notable number of goals.
After couple of seasons Shariy tried to return to Kiev and played for Dynamo of Valeriy Lobanovsky few games in the Soviet Cup, but later joined another Soviet Top League team, FC Chornomorets Odesa, that was coached by Nikita Simonyan.
Following Chornomorets, the Shariy's career took a dive and in late 1980s he played for lower tier clubs Nistru Kishinev and the recently revived Vorskla Poltava (in place of Kolos) from native Poltava.
In 1990 Shariy left for Bulgaria where he played for Etar Veliko Tarnovo which placed third in the national top league that season.
Soon after return from Bulgaria, Shariy continued to play for few seasons in lower tiers before the dissolution of the Soviet Union and in 1992 decided to retire from professional football.
After almost three year break in 1995 the Vorskla head coach Viktor Pozhechevskyi invited Shariy who was 39 years old to the club where he contributed to Vorskla's win of the Persha Liha (tier 2).
Ivan Shariy also played couple of games at continental club competitions, the UEFA Cup, at first in the 1985–86 UEFA Cup for FC Chornomorets Odesa that represented the Soviet Union and hosted German Werder Bremen when he came out to substitute Igor Savelyev on the 66th minute.
The second his game Shariy played on August 12, 1997 for FC Vorskla Poltava which represented Ukraine in away game against Belgian Anderlecht coming on as a substitute for Serhiy Chuichenko on the 83rd minute.
On 18 May 1999 Ivan Shariy set a record during the Vyshcha Liha (Top football league in Ukraine) game against SC Mykolaiv for coming out on the field at the age of 41.
The Ukrainian First League top scorer Serhiy Chuichenko considered Ivan Shariy to be the best footballer in history of Poltava football.
On 5 June 2009 he was appointed as an interim head coach of FC Poltava, while Shariy will be assisted by Oleh Morhun.
Shariy who until his appointed was a director of the Ivan Horpynko sports school in Poltava replaced the FC Poltava head coach Oleksandr Omelchuk.
The harbour launch was a type of small launch used by the Royal Navy for general duties around Royal Naval dockyards and sea ports.
The first were built in the 1850s with the advent of the steam engine and were originally designated harbour service launches.
From the 1890s to the 1960s they were built to the same common design, first with steam engines and later with diesel engines, by small yards contracted locally by dockyards and bases.
Born on 20 February 1940 in Vaasa, Nyström studied Swedish literature and Nordic philology at the University of Helsinki, graduating in 1968.
Thereafter she became an assistant for Nordic philology at the university and worked as a journalist for the Finnish broadcaster Rundradion.
Instead of the 3. pair of spots the forewing bears a larg patch occupying the whole marginal area; the 1. and 2. pair of spots of the forewing are separated by a black transverse band, the spots of each pair however being united.
Gautam Buddha International Airport , also known as Bhairahawa Airport is an airport serving Siddharthanagar, municipality in Rupandehi District in Province No.
It is currently being upgraded to international standards, constructions are scheduled to be completed by 2019 and is expected to commence operation in early 2020.
In 2015, constructions began to turn the airport into an international airport becoming Nepal's second international airport to relief pressure currently sustained by the congested Tribhuvan International Airport.
The construction of the airport was set to be completed by the end of 2017 but the process was delayed for more than six months and the deadline of the completion was extended to 2019 due to the 2015 Nepal earthquake and the 2015 Nepal blockade.
The year 2020 is the 6th year in the history of the Rizin Fighting Federation, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan.
Rizin 21 – Hamamatsu will be a Combat sport event held by the Rizin Fighting Federation on February 22, 2020 at the Hamamatsu Arena in Hamamatsu, Japan.
It is the converted General Office of Boord & Son's Distillery, which was built between 1899-1901 and designed by Aston Webb , an English architect who designed the principal facade of Buckingham Palace and the main building of the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Aston Webb House was built between 1899-1901 on land purchased from Magdalen College, Oxford and is the sole remnant of a huge industrial complex belonging to Boord & Son, a long-established firm of distillers that was established in 1726 .
The building is set back from the River Thames across from the City of London (London financial district), in between London Bridge and Tower Bridge.
It is on the doorstep of the More London development and London Bridge station, and is a short walk from landmarks including Borough Market, Hays Galleria, The Shard, The Tower of London, and HMS Belfast.
In Tooley Street is the distillery of Messrs. Boord & Son, a building faced with picked yellow stocks and stone and red-brick dressings.
The building is illustrative of Webb's early, pre-1900 career, which was characterised by eclecticism and variety of styles, including 'free Arts & Crafts', 'Jacobean', 'free Tudor', 'Franco-Flemish' and 'François Premier'.
This period, which is generally regarded by critics as covering his more original work, saw not only the completion of famous public buildings, but of significant commercial and industrial buildings in London.
Executed in high quality yellow stocks with red-brick dressings and liberal use of stone for the entrance frontispiece, cornice and details, it is conceived in a Free Classical style.
Distinction resides in the commanding rounded corner tourelles rising from ground to pointed conical slate roofs - a reference to Norman Shaws' New Scotland Yard.
On 7 January, Eirik Horneland became manager of Rosenborg, with Jostein Grindhaug being announced as Haugesund's new manager the following day.
He was a member of the Cork senior football team for 12 years, during which time he lined out in a variety of positions but mostly at full-forward.
Tarik Prentice (born 15 June 1984) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a defender for the Anguilla national football team.
Prentice made his senior international debut on 3 September 2014 in a 6-0 defeat to Antigua & Barbuda during Caribbean Cup qualifying.
Upon sneaking downstairs, they find a neighbour's cat, Ginger, standing outside in a tailcoat and top hat, looking at his wristwatch.
Sophie and Nick crawl out the house through the catflap and approach Ginger, who suddenly speaks to them in English and inquires whether they knew 'the deceased'.
They then realise the whole courtyard is filled with cats and tomcats, who have gathered for a funeral service in honour of Fred.
When the children explain that Fred couldn't possibly have been famous because he had literally done nothing, the cats reveal the truth: by night, Fred was a famous singer and rock star in the feline world.
After a cat named Ruby leads a gospel choir in performing a song in Fred's memory, the cats unveil a grand headstone over Fred's grave with the name FAMOUS FRED, before laying flowers and wreaths.
By chance, he was introduced to rock and roll after accidentally turning on a vinyl player and speakers in the living room, and secretly practised singing in the garden shed.
Kenneth, who had recently left the Royal Opera House at the time, overheard him and decided to take over Fred's training.
After being 'found' by Sophie and Nick's parents and adopted as a pet, Kenneth introduced himself to Fred (who initially tried to eat him) and offered to be his manager.
When the backyards were no longer enough for Fred's audience, they both left the family to go on a world tour, with Sophie and Nick desperately searching the streets to find their missing pets.
In the present, Sophie and Nick are saddened that they never heard Fred sing, with Kenneth blaming himself for Fred's death.
However, Ginger reveals he made a secret recording of Fred's final song on tape (without Kenneth's permission), and the funeral service moves to Sophie's and Nick's house, where the children and cats dance to Fred's music and empty the fridge.
When dawn falls, everyone disappears and Sophie and Nick are also sent to bed by Kenneth, who laboriously cleans the kitchen before retiring upstairs himself.
The next morning, Sophie and Nick's parents are left confused by the previously-filled refrigerator being suddenly empty, along with all the flowers from the garden plants missing.
Leading them down the garden, the children reveal Fred's still-decorated headstone to their amazed and delighted parents, who assume they made it themselves.
Meanwhile, Kenneth is sitting in his hutch upstairs listing the different cat lives that Fred had lost in various incidents over the years.
Since every cat has nine lives, Kenneth exclaims that Fred still has one life left, and calls out for his whereabouts.
He represented Moldova at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States and he won a bronze medal in the Men's Singles 8 event.
Emma Jill Appleton was born and raised in the town of Witney, Oxfordshire, England and attended West Witney Primary School and then Wood Green School.
He was in the panel of referees for the 2008 Rugby Union Junior World Championship; five years later also as head referee.
At the representative level, he made his debut in the Georgia-Romania match in March 2009 in the 2008 European Nations Cup of Nations 2008-2010 and in the following years he also appeared in this competition.
The 2020 Marylebone Cricket Club University Matches are a series of cricket matches that are scheduled to be played between the eighteen County Championship teams and the six Marylebone Cricket Club University teams (MCCU) of England and Wales.
In August 2019, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) announced that the 2020 University Matches would be the last ones to have first-class status.
Phillips originally did not intend to go to college and took an unconventional educational path, earning a bachelor's degree by independent study at the University of Minnesota in 1986.
The efforts focused on acquiring ironclad ram turret ships for defending the approaches to the main harbors, and monitors to defend the coast and to fight on the big rivers.
The foundations of this program had been laid down in a report by a commission to review the coastal defense (Commissie tot het herzien der kustverdediging), which had sent in its report on 22 October 1864.
He stated that in the previous years the establishment of an armored squadron for the defense of the sea harbors and lower rivers had been a top priority.
However, with 5 monitors expected to be complete by the end of the year, and 5 more under construction, the demands for that defense could be considered to have been met.
It was therefore no longer responsible to postpone the replacement of the screw steamships first class (Djambi-class corvette, Zilveren Kruis-class corvette) which defended the East Indies.
To tender to this need, he wanted to lay down an ironclad (the HNLMS Koning der Nederlanden) instead of more monitors.
In the interest of coastal and river defense two heavily armed gunboats modeled on the (British) Staunch class would be built.
By mid 1871 the Dutch authorities were negotiating with William Armstrong & Co in Newcastle on Tyne for two Ever class gunboats.
The first order to commercial shipyards in the Netherlands was for three gunboats at the Koninklijke Fabriek in Amsterdam and three at Fijenoord.
The obvious reason to do this was that the Dutch navy had recently ordered ironclads and monitors with the same 9 inch gun.
For travel in rough weather or at open sea, the gun could then be fastened at a position lower in the hold for better stability.
Tideman gives the weight of this gun as 13,000 kg, adding that the carriage and sled weighed 4,490 kg, and the metal parts of the circle 557 kg.
The 9 inch Armstrong gun had been chosen as the standard armor piercing gun for the Dutch navy in the 1860s (cf Heiligerlee-class monitor).
Lost Vegas: Tim Burton is an art exhibition by Tim Burton at the Neon Museum in Las Vegas, Nevada in the United States.
St James' Mission Church, Long Eaton is a former church in the Church of England Diocese of Derby in Long Eaton, Derbyshire.
It was intended as a mission church for St Laurence's Church, Long Eaton to serve the expanding population to the south of the town of Long Eaton.
Varna Monastery is a large preserved early medieval monastery complex, opened near Varna, Bulgaria, with the status of a cultural monument of national importance for Bulgaria since 2015.
Varna dates from the 9th century and probably as the Ravna Monastery was burnt by the Pechenegs during the invasions of the Bulgarian Lands in the 11th century, and according to other sources, it existed until the 18th century or until the beginning of the Bulgarian Revival.
A cathedral church, a chapel tower, a huge scriptorium, a library, a school, a monastic dormitory, a holy shrine were found, and among the finds are an altar table, a blacksmith's workshop and coins - Bulgarian, Raška, Venetian, Byzantine, Ottoman.
The buildings are filled with a magnum opus, which construction equipment is used mainly for representative buildings, for example, the Great Basilica, Pliska.
In the area of the monastery was found the seal of Boris I of Bulgaria, two lead seals of Tsar Simeon the Great and the seal of Tsar Peter I of Bulgaria.
The Varna Monastery are the Ravna Monastery are considered the most significant literary centers of the Preslav Literary School outside the capitals Pliska and Preslav.
The patron of the monastery is the Mother of God, who is also the patron saint of the city of Varna.
The men's 60 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 7 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
The2020 Southeastern Conference football season will represent the 88th season of SEC football taking place during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The season will begin on September 3, 2020 and will end with the 2020 SEC Championship Game on December 5, 2020.
The 2020 SEC Media days will take place at the College Football Hall of Fame in Atlanta, Georgia in July 2020.
Barry Lunney Jr. was named interim head coach for the final two games of the season and was replaced by Georgia Offensive Line Coach and associate Head Coach Sam Pittman on December 7, 2019.
On November 30, 2019, Missouri Head Coach Barry Odom was fired and Replaced by Appalachian State Head Coach Eliah Drinkwitz on December 8, 2019.
She is founder and manager of Surprise Tropical, established 2012, a food canteen serving healthy, takeaway food in the suburbs of Kinshasa.
Mundele attended the Elynd Institute in Kinshasa and the Lycée Technique et Professionnel de Kimbondo, joining the Kuvuna Foundation aged 16.
Reuben Partridge was born September 10, 1823 in Wilmington, New York to Cyrus and Lucinda Partridge, he was one of four children.
His mother moved them to Marysville in Union County, where her son from a previous marriage, Rowland Lee, was an accomplished wagon maker.
Due to the design of local bridges at the time, they would sometimes crumple under the sudden stress of heavy rains.
As of 1882, Partridge was responsible for having built 90% of the bridges in Union County, and by 1883 had built over 125 in total.
In 1886, he moved to Columbus, and worked as the Vice President of the Columbus Bridge Company for the next 10 years.
Partridge moved back to Marysville in 1896, to a house he designed and built for his wife on West 7th Street.
He died 4 years later, on July 17, 1900, from complications after breaking his leg falling through a bridge he was supervising the removal of in Taylor Township north of Marysville.
He was also an active member of the first militia formed in Union County, a Marysville city council member, township clerk, township trustee, and avid supporter of the local veterans of the Mexican War and Civil War.
Partridge built four of the six historic wooden covered bridges still standing in Union County today, the Bigelow Bridge (1873), Cullbertson Bridge (1872), Pottersburg Bridge (1872), and Spain Creek Bridge (1883).
The only other bridge of Partridge's that is still standing outside of Union County is the Bergstresser Covered Bridge (1887) near Canal Winchester, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
It was painted by Columbus artist Curtis Goldstein, and paid for in part by a grant from Dayton Power & Light.
Helen Mary Sang (born 1955) is the head of the Division of Developmental Biology at the Roslin Institute of the University of Edinburgh.
Sang returned to the United Kingdom as a Medical Research Council fellow working with David Finnegan at the University of Edinburgh.
Sang was made principal investigator at the Agriculture and Food Research Council (AFRC) Poultry Research Centre, which became the Roslin Institute in 1993.
In the 1980s when Sang started at the Roslin Institute she started to investigate ways to genetically modify hens so that they created valuable proteins in their eggs.
She proposed purifying the egg whites and making use of the engineered proteins for medical therapies to treat cancer, arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
Since then, genome editing has evolved so that genes can be inserted into the DNA of chickens, producing new human proteins alongside those in egg white.
Sang and colleagues developed transgenic lines that incorporated green fluorescent protein and membrane localised green fluorescent proteins in cells that are developing embryos.
Sang was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to food security and bioscience for health.
The domestic league, Swiss Serie A 1919–20, was divided into three regional groups, East, Central and West, each group with eight teams.
The other teams playing in this group were Aarau, Luzern and Biel-Bienne and the two teams from the capital, Young Boys and FC Bern.
The Serie A away match played on 7 March 1920 against Biel-Bienne in Gurzelen Stadion was the last game that Wilhelm Dietz played as he died 4 weeks later aged just 19 years old.
The Bulldogs finished the 2019 season 42–19 overall, and 12–12 in the SEC to finish in a tie for sixth in the conference.
He was a founding member of the in 1668, and the Duke of Savoy conferred on him the Order of St. Maurice in 1670.
The 2020 Cyprus Women's Cup will be the 13th edition of the Cyprus Cup, an invitational women's football tournament held annually in Cyprus.
In 2019 she won the bronze medal in the junior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships with a time of 20:50.
In 2019 she also won the Montferland Run held in 's-Heerenberg, Netherlands and she set a new course record of 47:29.
Ledo also historically known as Bhandar Leda was the part of Pargana Kharagdiha and the seat of the Zamindars of Ledo Gadi.
Her registered ownership changed in 1939 when she was acquired by the Union Cold Storage Company of Liverpool, but continued to be managed by the Blue Star Line.
Following the outbreak of war between Germany and the Allies in September 1939, Adolf Hitler ordered the German Navy to begin commerce raiding against Allied merchant traffic.
At this time the standard operating procedure of Captain Langsdorff was to approach his quarry head on, at maximum speed, whilst flying the French Ensign.
However, due to a technical fault with the Arado Ar 196 Langsdorff was forced to curtail the actions of the boarding party which subsequently meant they failed to discover the cargo of refrigerated meat.
It's available in the flavors cherry, cola, orange, lemon, orange & grapefruit, raspberry, herbs, ACE, pineapple, ice tea lemon and ice tea peach and can be purchased in PET bottles, glass bottles and cans.
In the 1960's, Schartner Bombe was bought by Mühlgrub brewery in Bad Hall, which expanded production extensively by constructing the world's largest bottling line in 1969.
After multiple ownership changes, today's manufacturer Starzinger eventually obtained the rights to produce the soft drink in 1995 and managed to revive marketing greatly, after revenue was at an all-time low.
The 2020 Tournoi de France will be the first edition of the Tournoi de France, an invitational women's football tournament held in France.
The original route granted to the railway ran from South Boston Point (now City Point), at the eastern extremity of Fourth Street, to a point near the intersection of Broadway and Turnpike Street (now Dorchester Avenue), where it merged with the tracks of the Dorchester Avenue Railroad.
By the 1860s the South Boston was one of the four principal street railways of the Boston area, together with the Metropolitan, Union/Cambridge, and Middlesex.
Of the four, it was generally on the smaller size, with a passenger count of 4.3 million in 1869 and 6.1 million a decade later.
In 1887 the West End Street Railway gained a controlling interest in the South Boston, and the railroad was formally consolidated into the West End on November 12 of that year.
On forewing obliquely from costa to anal angle an evenly wide greyish black band separating a triangular marginal patch from the red area of the wing, this area moreover being costally incised at the basal third or divided by a slight band.
The 2019–20 season will be Veszprém KC's 39th competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 42th year in existence as a handball club.
He is currently professor of physics at the University of Maryland and was a co-recipient of the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, the Gruber Prize in Cosmology, and the Bruno Rossi Prize for his work on LIGO.
He was a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow at the University of Chicago, where he received his Ph.D. in 1999 under the supervision of Bruce Winstein.
He was then a Millikan Prize Postdoctoral Fellow and a Senior Scientist at Caltech before becoming Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland, College Park.
Sonotone Corporation was a hearing aid manufacturer that was started by Hugo Leiber, inventor of the bone conduction receiver, in New York City in 1929.
It was a leader in the hearing aid industry until multiple buyouts ending in 1970 led to the abandonment of the manufacturing plant.
Buon Natale procession entered the Guinness World Records in 2014 for having the maximum number of people dressed up as Santa Claus.
This list of law enforcement awards and honors is an index to articles that describe notable awards related to law enforcement.
Ryan Silverfield (born August 4, 1980) is an American football coach who is the head football coach at the University of Memphis.
Silverfield has spent most of his coaching career, which began during his senior year of high school, as either a line coach or a member of the offensive staff.
After Norvell's departure to Florida State on December 8, 2019, Silverfield served as the interim head coach before being promoted to head coach on December 13, 2019.
Silverfield landed his first college coaching job during his freshman year at Hampden–Sydney College; he opted to coach for his four years in college rather than play.
He served as an offensive assistant for one year, then as the defensive line coach for his sophomore and junior years, and as the tight ends coach for his senior year.
For the 2004 season, he served as the head coach at Memorial Day High School in Savannah, Georgia, whom he led to a 1–9 record.
He then rejoined the college coaching ranks, as he served as the quarterbacks coach at Jacksonville University for one year and a graduate assistant at UCF for two, before joining the Minnesota Vikings staff, where he remained for six years in various positions.
Following a one year stint at Toledo, he took a position as an offensive analyst at Arizona State, though he left part of the way through the season to join the Detroit Lions staff as an offensive line coach.
He remained in that position for two years before being tapped as the offensive line coach and run game coordinator in 2018.
He was elevated to assistant head coach in 2019, and was named interim head coach when Norvell left to take the head coach position at Florida State.
On December 13, Silverfield was promoted to head coach and debuted in his first college game as head coach on December 28 against Penn State in the 2019 Cotton Bowl Classic.
Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games was held in Wooden-Floor Gymnasium in Dhaka, Bangladesh between 30 January and 4 February 2010.
The badminton programme in 2010 included men's and women's singles competitions; men's, women's and mixed doubles competitions alongside with men's and women's team events.
He is a member of the Council of States and serves as the president of that house for the 51st legislature in 2019/2020.
Previously, he was a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 2004 to 2011, a member of the Grand Council of Bern and the mayor of Biel.
In 2002, he moved to the Grand Council of Bern and, in 2004, was elected to the National Council to replace Rudolf Strahm, who had been appointed as the Swiss price regulator.
He had written an essay in 1971 calling for the abolition of the body, which he said had grown stale at the time.
In 2018, he was elected as Vice President of the chamber, which gave him the upper hand in the 2019 election.
Neal Rippey Peirce (January 5, 1932 – December 27, 2019) was an American columnist, and the author of several books about American politics.
Henry Watkins (1666-1727) of Christ Church, Oxford, and Duke Street, Westminster, was an army administrator and diplomat who served briefly as a Member of Parliament for Brackley in Northamptonshire (20 Apr.
His elder brother was Fleetwood Watkins, an army officer, and another brother was Dr Richard Watkins, a senior don at Magdalen College, Oxford until 1709.
His sister was Henrietta Watkins, wife of Sir Matthew Decker, 1st Baronet (1679-1749) of Richmond Green in Surrey, of Dutch origin, MP, Governor of the South Sea Company from 1711 to 1712, and a Director of the East India Company in 1713.
Henrietta's grandson, and the eventual heir of Sir Matthew Decker, was Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745-1816) of Mount Merrion, Dublin, Ireland, who by his will founded the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.
He died unmarried on 25 March 1727 at his house in Duke Street and bequeathed most of his estate, valued at about £10,000, to his elder brother Fleetwood.
To the northeast and north its slopes descend smoothly to the valley of Batova River, which separates it from the Dobrudzha Plateau.
On the eastern slope of the plateau on the steep coast facing the Black Sea are located the most beautiful Bulgarian Black Sea resorts - Golden Sands, Saints Constantine and Helena, Bulgaria, Euxinograd.
Memoirs of a Suicide (Portuguese: Memórias de um Suicida) is a channeled afterlife account psychographed by the Brazilian spiritist medium Yvonne do Amaral Pereira, whose authorship is attributed to the spirit of Portuguese writer Camilo Castelo Branco.
The book was originally published by the Brazilian Spiritist Federation in 1954, twelve years after its writing, allegedly because it did not fit the usual spiritist novel profile.
The plot is centered on the afterlife story of Camilo Cândido Botelho (a spiritual pseudonym of Camilo Castelo Branco), who committed suicide after going blind, on 1 June 1890.
He feels the terrible pain from the shot to his right ear and his brain, waking up among the putrid smell of his own corpse.
Hearing the voices of a crowd he compulsively joins to, all of them are forcefully brought to an inhospitable, dark and horrendous low astral place, the so-called «Valley of the Suicides», where like-minded spirits of suicides are localized.
After more than ten years of incessant suffering, aggravated by the belief that it was an eternal and hellish punishment, Camilo, was totally exhausted, both physically and mentally.
Finally he was rescued by the Servants of Mary, spiritual helpers who took him to the Mary of Nazareth astral hospital, in the twilight zone of a spiritual city.
There the account unfolds with the revelation of the stories of his fellows of misfortune, the pains that caused their self-undoing, their plans for reparatory rebirth and, finally, the karmic cause of Camilo's blindness and his project of upliftment through reincarnation.
Upon a new rebirth on Earth, most probably one has to endure again the same challenges one had tried to escape through suicide, further aggravated by more physical and existential handicaps than before.
This work was released in 2013 as a radionovela, authorized by the Brazilian Spiritist Federation, on the initiative of José de Paiva-Netto, CEO of Legião da Boa Vontade.
Maricá Futebol Clube, better known as Maricá, is a sports association in the city of Maricá, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Founded on August 2, 2001 as a Rio de Janeiro Football Club, between 2017 and 2018 the club competed under the name of Rio de Janeiro/Maricá through a partnership between Rio de Janeiro and Maricá.
On July 16, 2018, it was made official merger and the change in the name of the Rio de Janeiro Football Club to Maricá Futebol Clube.
It was founded by professor Ênio Farias and has a vast number of players revealed for international football as midfielder Carlos Alberto, who played at club de Regatas Vasco da Gama.
In 2009, they won the State champion of the Third Division of Rio de Janeiro, junior category, by winning in the final the Leme Futebol Clube Zona Sul 4-3.
The professional team competes in the same championship, failing to get past the first phase, when it is eliminated by Clube Atlético Castelo Branco, Heliópolis Atlético Clube and Rubro Social Esporte Clube.
The club came about with the aim of bringing back professional football to the city of Maricá, which since 2005, when Taquaral competed in the Rio Cup, did not have professional teams.
The team partnered with the Rio de Janeiro Football Club to compete in the Campeonato Carioca Serie B2 already in its founding year.
The goal is to follow the path of other partnerships that worked in Rio football, such as the partnership between Campos Atlético Associação and Carapebus, a partnership between Arraial do Cabo and Araruama and the partnership between Santa Cruz and Belford Roxo.
After announcing Polaco Valoura as coach for the State's B2 Series race, Maricá confirmed the name of 24 players who will be part of the squad this season.
Among the pieces that will be available to Valoura are midfielder Lucas Candido and left back Maylson, who defended Araruama in the Third quarter last year.
The definition of the squad came shortly after the evaluations that the newly created club carried out in the city of Maricá.
According to the football manager, Douglas Almeida, the athletes who had the names revealed will form the backbone of the team, which still seeks punctual signings to close the group.
The team's first official game took place on May 28, 2017, against Angra dos Reis, a game that ended tied at 2-2.
Players with acess to virtual reality headsets will appear to normal PC players as giant floating pairs of hands, which may smite or haul other players around the game world, as well as edit and build upon the level on a greater scale.
As a tie-in to the game's themes, a server's player-made creations are permanent for as long as there are players connected to it, but will be erased if the server becomes empty.
This can be prevented by executing game-related actions such as joining a server, searching through a defeated player's inventory, or planting the bomb.
Despite this, the game was not developed with the intention of reproducing the gameplay of Counter-Strike in mind, but focused itself on capturing the feeling of exploring game servers made in the Source engine.
Malatesta Baglioni (1581–1648) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Assisi (1641–1648), Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor (1634–1639), Bishop of Pesaro (1612–1641).
On 25 Jul 1612, he was consecrated bishop by Pier Paolo Crescenzi, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Nereo ed Achilleo, with Ottavio Accoramboni, Bishop Emeritus of Fossombrone, and Giulio Sansedoni, Bishop Emeritus of Grosseto, serving as co-consecrators.
On 8 Jul 1634, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor; he resigned from the position on 8 Aug 1639.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, Bishop of Osnabrück (1636); and Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt, Archbishop of Mainz (1636).
The restaurant is owned by a group of Las Vegans, including Golden Tiki owner Branden Powers, Evel Knievel's son Kelly Knievel, Seth Schorr, and Jeff Fine.
It is based on a pizzeria built in 1979 and features Evel Knievel memorabilia, the majority of which is from the collection of the Knievel family.
Seyyed Masoud is studying and teaching in the seminary of Qom; and is a member in Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom (Persian: جامعه مدرسین حوزه علمیه قم).
Love Song (Italian: Canzone d'amore) is a 1954 Italian musical film directed by Giorgio Simonelli and starring Claudio Villa, Maria Fiore and Walter Santesso.
It had its origins in a Volunteer unit of the Royal Engineers formed in the West Country in 1860. provided the communications for the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division during World War II.
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the Territorial Force as part of the Haldane reforms in 1908, the Devonshire and Somersetshire unit was split up: most of the Devonshire personnel went to form the Devonshire Fortress Royal Engineers at Plymouth, while the Somerset contingent provided the Wessex Divisional Engineers at Bath and Weston-super-Mare.
On 29 July 1914 the Wessex Division was on Salisbury Plain carrying out its annual training camp when 'precautionary orders' were received, and next day the division took up emergency war stations in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.
Between 10 and 13 August the division concentrated on Salisbury Plain, with divisional HQ moving from Exeter to Tidworth, to begin war training.
On 24 September, at the special request of the Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, the Wessex Division accepted liability for service in British India to relieve the Regular Army units there to go to the Western Front.
The Wessex Division never saw service as a whole, though it was formally numbered the 43rd (1st Wessex) Division in 1915.As soon as the Wessex Division had left for India, the home depots began raising 2nd Line units, distinguished from the 1st Line by a '2/' prefix.
Recruitment and training of the 2nd Wessex Division proceeded so well that it was also sent to India in December 1914, and later received the notional title of 45th (2nd Wessex) Division.
On 20 November 1914 the 1st Wessex Divisional RE joined 27th Division, which was being assembled mainly from the Regular Army units returning from Indian garrisons.
The signallers became 27th (Wessex) Divisional Signal Company and went to France in December 1914, the first complete TF signal company sent to the Western Front.
Apart from some raiding, 27th Division's only offensive actions were from 30 September to 4 October 1916 when it attacked across the River Struma to capture some villages, and some failed attacks on Tumbitza Farm in November and December.
27th Division spent almost two years in the malarial Struma Valley, the only significant action occurring when the division took part in the capture of Homondos on 14 October.
The front became active again in September 1918 when the Allies began the final offensive and 27th Division was engaged in the capture of the Roche Noire Salient, followed by the passage of the Vardar and pursuit to the Strumica,Valley.
After the Armistice of Salonica ended hostilities on the Macedonian Front, 27th Division embarked for the Black Sea in December 1918, reaching Batum by the end of January.
The force was part of the British intervention in the complex situation of independent regimes that had emerged in the Caucasus region following the collapse of the Russian and Ottoman Turkish empires.
British troops began to withdraw in August 1919 and 27th Division was disbanded between 7 and 24 September after handing over to an Inter-Allied force at Batum.
The 2/1st Wessex Divisional RE joined 58th (2/1st London) Division, the signallers becoming 58th (2/1st Wessex) Divisional Signal Company, and went with it to the Western Front in January 1917.
It was engaged in the operations during the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line (Operation Alberich) and in the Third Battle of Ypres.
The division was heavily engaged in the German Spring Offensive of 1918 and then the Allied Hundred Days Offensive, beginning with the Battle of Amiens, in which the division was engaged in bitter fighting for the Chipilly spur.
Demobilisation began after the Armistice with Germany in November 1918, and by March 1919 the various HQs of the diminishing division were emerged into a single division group.
The 43rd (Wessex) Divisional Signals reformed at The Priory, The Friars, Exeter, in the Territorial Army (TA), which replaced the TF in 1921.
When the TA was doubled in size in early 1939 after the Munich Crisis, the division once again formed a duplicate, 45th Division, for which the signals split to form 45th (West Country) Divisional Signals under the command of Lt-Col A.F.S.
As the war progressed divisional signals was enlarged to cover the divisional radio telephony (R/T) and wireless telephony (W/T) nets, divisional administrative services, rear communications for brigade HQs, divisional tactical HQ, and air communications.
It was intended to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France, but the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May ended the 'Phoney War' before the division was ready.
When the Battle of France was lost and the BEF was being evacuated from Dunkirk, 43rd (W) Division was one of the few reasonably well-equipped formations left in Home Forces.
It formed part of the mobile GHQ Reserve disposed on the line from Northampton through North London to Aldershot, from which brigade groups could be despatched to any threatened area.
By the end of 1940 the division was stationed under XII Corps in East Kent, where it remained for the next four years, first in defensive mode, later training intensively.
The divisional commander, Maj-Gen Ivor Thomas, was often heard over the radio net: 'He had a voice which seemed able to blast its way through interference from wireless programmes, Fighter Command operations, other formations' activities, and even the worst splutterings and explosions of the wireless sets of the period'.
The divisional history stresses the high level of efficiency achieved by the divisional signals during this long period of hard training.
In June 1942 the division was reorganised as a 'Mixed' division, first 25th and later 34th Army Tank Brigade replacing one of the infantry brigades, with the consequent reorganisation of the signals units.
They were follow-up formations, with 43rd (W) Division scheduled to complete its landings 14 days after D Day (D +14, 20 June).
However, shipping delays and a storm between 19 and 22 June delayed its arrival; the division finally concentrated round Bayeux on 24 June.
The division's first major offensive action was Operation Jupiter, to take Hill 112, which had been briefly captured by British armour during 'Epsom' but had to be abandoned.
The attack on 10 July involved bitter fighting and heavy casualties, and was only partially successful, with the hilltop left in No man's land.
The division had to complete its capture and then hold the vital position against heavy bombardment and counter-attacks for another 14 days, including Operation Express to capture Maltot on 22 July.
At the end of July 21st Army Group was regrouped for the breakout from the Normandy beachhead and after rest 43rd (W) Division moved to XXX Corps to launch an attack on Mont Pinçon (Operation Bluecoat).
The breakout achieved, XXX Corps drove for the River Seine, where 43rd (W) Division made an assault crossing and then bridged the river at Vernon.
It then moved up to Diest to take part in XXX Corps' thrust to link up the bridges seized by airborne forces during Operation Market Garden, beginning on 17 September.
The division was to follow Guards Armoured Division, carrying out assault crossings if any of the bridges were found to be destroyed, and to guard the 'corridor' to Arnhem.
The advance up the only road ('Club Route') was slow but on 21 September 43rd (W) Division caught up with the Guards and took over responsibility for defending the Nijmegen bridges.
By the time the division broke through to join the Polish Parachute Brigade on the banks of the Nederrijn next day, 1st Airborne Division had been effectively destroyed.
All the Wessex could do was make an assault crossing in order to ferry survivors back over the river on the night of 24/25 September.
The Airborne radios had not been operable, and the only communication link had been through 64th (London) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery, attached to 43rd (W) Division.
43rd (Wessex) Division spent weeks defending XXX Corps' west flank on 'The Island', the low-lying ground between the Waal and Nederrijn.
It was then shifted to the east flank to cooperate with US troops in reducing the Geilenkirchen salient (Operation Clipper), after which the area was defended through winter weather.
Once the German Ardennes Offensive had been halted, 43rd (W) Division returned to the offensive in early 1945 in Operation Blackcock to reduce the Roer Triangle, though exploitation was prevented by bad weather.
The division then fought through the month-long battle of the Reichswald (Operation Veritable) to capture Kleve, roll up the Siegfried Line defences, cross the Goch escarpment and seize Xanten on the Rhine.
Its leading brigade crossed the river on 25 March behind 51st (Highland) Division, which had carried the assault on the night of 23/24 March.
The division was divided into five battle groups for the first drive, incorporating units of 8th Armoured Brigade, a complex process for the HQs and signal units involved.
After a period as occupation forces in XXX Corps' district, 43rd (Wessex) Division's HQ and TA units were demobilised at the war's end.
45th Division and its units were still being formed on the outbreak of war and they did not achieve full independence until 7 September 1939.
After Dunkirk it was moved into the anticipated invasion area of South East England, but by the Spring of 1941 it was in GHQ Reserve in the Midlands.
It was regarded as a training and defensive formation and was placed on a lower establishment in December 1941, doing tours of duty in Essex and Northern Ireland.
Notably, 45th (West Country) Divisional Signals also supplied signal sections to Beach Groups that played a vital role in the assault landings at Salerno (Operation Avalanche) and in Normandy.
By August 1944 the drain of supplying reinforcements to 21st Army Group fighting in Normandy had so reduced 45th Division that it was broken up: 45th (WC) Divisional Signals was disbanded on 30 August 1944.
Coincidentally, 77th/45th (Holding) Division was commanded by a TA officer, Maj-Gen Godwin Michelmore, who had been 43rd (Wessex) Divisional Signals' first CO in 1920.
By 1957, 3 Squadron had moved to Bristol, its place at Torquay being taken by B Troop, while J Troop had been formed at Salisbury and L Troop at Plymouth.
In addition, each brigade within the division had its own dedicated signal squadron providing Troops to the artillery regiments and rear link detachments to the infantry battalions.
In 1960 the 43rd (Wessex) HQ converted from an infantry division into a district, with consequent reorganisation to its signals, which was redesignated 43rd Signal Regiment (Wessex).
In addition, the regiment assumed command of the War Office Signal Squadron at Plymouth, 74 Independent Squadron, Women's Royal Army Corps, and a squadron from 57 Signal Regiment, while also taking over administrative responsibility for 340, 341 and 342 Brigade Signal Squadrons.
In 1967, when the TA was converted into the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve (TAVR), the regiment was reduced to a single 43 (Wessex) Signal Squadron based at Bridgwater and forming part of 37 (Wessex and Welsh) Signal Regiment at Bristol, with 866 Signal Troop at Cheltenham and 867 and 899 Signal Troops at Bristol under command.
The Strategic Defence Review of 1998 envisaged the squadron moving to 72 Signal Regiment (Volunteers), a Radio Support Regiment with its HQ at Oxford, but this did not happen.
This was carried out in 2014, when the squadron transferred back from the hybrid 21 Signal Rgt to become part of the present 39 (Skinners) Signal Regiment (Volunteers).
The 2019–20 season will be SC Pick Szeged's 44th competitive and consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I and 58th year in existence as a handball club.
He graduated from the local gymnasium, continued his studies at the University of Tartu (1916 – 1918) at the Department of Philology.
From his student years (other sources – from 1918) he worked at the State Library of Riga: he headed the departments, consulted, reviewed, and conducted scientific research.
He served his term in the strictest Komi regime camps (Inta, Abez), where he continued to write poetry, articles and other works with a chemical pencil on rags, stitching them into a pea coat.
He returned from the camps at the end of 1954 as a complete invalid, occasionally earning money from translations of scientific texts and literary works.
Rudzitis died in the midst of his work; his heart grieved the bitter news of the sudden death of George de Roerich.
His wife (from 1926), Ella Rudzite, (January 6, 1900 – c. 1993), actress, member of the Roerich society from March 15, 1931, led the group from April 28, 1935, also went through the camps.
May 13, 1933), a library worker, philologist, art critic, accompanied her father to meetings with George de Roerich, the author of articles about Nicholas Roerich, from 1988 the chairman of the recreated Society, had prepared many works of her father for publication.
All in all, Rudzitis published 15 articles on Tagore, translations of 133 of his poems, five dramas and several philosophical works.
At the end of the 1920's The Latvian Roerich Society invited Rudzitis, as a sensitive translator and connoisseur of oriental culture, to become the editor of the Agni Yoga book translations.
In 1957, the son of Nicholas Roerich transmitted to Rudzitis the wish of Helena Roerich to write a book about the work of Nicholas Roerich.
Under the leadership of Rudzitis, the Society published the works of the Roerichs, Living Ethics, H. P. Blavatsky’s Secret Doctrine and the works of Rudzitis himself.
It is so valuable that such clear ideological books are being published and I can only wish for it to spread among wider social groups.
The 2019–20 Morgan State Bears men's basketball team represent Morgan State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bears, led by 1st-year head coach Kevin Broadus, play their home games at Talmadge L. Hill Field House in Baltimore, Maryland as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
On March 19, 2019, it was announced that head coach Todd Bozeman's contract would not be renewed, ending his 13-year tenure with the team.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1960 by A. Maki and Robert C. West via the north face.
The name follows the Macbeth-theme of features surrounding the Macbeth Icefield, such as Mount Lady Macbeth, Mount Macduff, Mount Fleance, and Mount Banquo.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Macbeth is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
In 2019 he won the Hangzhou International Marathon in Hangzhou, China with a time of 2:10:05 which was also a new course record.
John Jarlath Dooley (6 July 1906 – 18 September 1997) was an Irish prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and in the Roman Curia.
Todd Huston is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives representing the 37th district where he has served since 2012.
He previously served on the Hamilton Southeastern School Board from 2002 to 2005, the Indiana State Board of Education from 2005 to 2009, and the Indiana Education Roundtable from 2006 to 2009.
On December 2, 2019, Huston was chosen to be the Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives for the next legislative session.
Liga IV Vaslui is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Vaslui County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 13 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
Women and Soldiers (Italian: Donne e soldati) is a 1954 Italian historical adventure film directed by Luigi Malerba and Antonio Marchi and starring Marcella Mariani, Sandro Somarè and Marco Ferreri.
After playing college football for Utah, he was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft.
He played for the Ottawa Renegades of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in 2002, and for the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League (AFL) in 2005.
On July 16, he reported to training camp with the rest of the Eagles' rookies, but did not show up to practice the next day.
After the 2000 season, Frank agreed to return to the Eagles and was reinstated to the roster on March 6, 2001.
Frank was waived during final roster cuts on September 2, 2001, but re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 4.
During an in-season practice, he was hit in the neck and a magnetic resonance imaging examination found a benign tumor in his throat that required surgery.
Frank signed with the New York Jets after the 2001 season, but was waived before training camp on May 7, 2002, due to a failed physical exam related to his throat surgery.
He was claimed off waivers by the Georgia Force on March 14, and the Rattlers re-acquired him through a trade for Justin Taplin on March 16.
Heikki Samuli Autto (born 23 August 1984 in Enontekiö) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Lapland constituency.
It was also incorrectly called as the 412 MI due to being built around an engine from the 500 Miles of Monza racer.
The Ferrari 312 S was an experimental prototype sports car, created in 1958 by Ferrari to comply with 3.0-litre cap imposed after the tragic 1957 Mille Miglia events.
The only example of the Ferrari 412 S was created on the 312 S' experimental chassis, combined with the 412 MI-sourced engine.
Von Neumann paid twice the price of the new Ferrari 250 TRs and was created expressly to be able to compete against Reventlow's Scarabs of American SCCA racing series.
At the rear the 412 S had De Dion axle with twin radius arms, transverse leaf spring and hydraulic shock absorbers.
John von Neumann took the delivery of the 412 S in 1958, in USA, and campaigned the car in 1958 USAC Road Racing Championship under Ferrari Representatives of California team.
II-Chevrolet and four seconds quicker than von Neumann's Ferrari 335 S. The start of the race Hill and Chuck Daigh traded the leading position many times.
When the mechanical fuel pump overheated the electric one failed to work in time and forced Hill to pit on his 21st lap.
The 1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars was ultimately won by the Reventlow's Scarab with Ferrari 375 Plus, driven by a future champion Dan Gurney, on second place.
After that the car was sent back to the factory for a disc brake conversion and became one of the first Ferraris with this improvement.
The last race of Richie Ginther behind the wheel of the 412 S was at the 1960 Los Angeles Times Grand Prix.
In 1961, Frederick Knoop continued to campaign the car in SCCA racing, scoring third place at Riverside preliminary heat and second at main event.
It started on June 12, 2018, and aimed for a goal of $10,000; when the campaign ended on July 12 more than $47,000 had been collected.
Saara-Sofia Maria Sirén (born 10 July 1986 in Mikkeli) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Finland Proper constituency.
Terhi Koulumies is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Helsinki constituency.
Mari-Leena Hannele Talvitie is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Oulu constituency.
Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (born 4 April 1977 in Tampere) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
Armed with fish, the two of them fight together against the zombie hordes, which now include the Roman occupying forces and a gang of cowboys, and can finally defeat them in a bloody battle.
The plot of Fist of Jesus and the accompanying short films are peppered with visual references to special effects from other great horror and splatter films.
However, a crowdfunding campaign launched for the feature-length film did not raise enough capital, so the project was put on hold for the time being.
The DVD of the short film features a trailer of the project, cancelled and messed up scenes, as well as a making of.
In this cartoon-like game developed by Mutant Games Judas and Jesus have to fight off attacking zombies in 60 levels, but meanwhile (as of December 2019) the game is no longer available .
Fist of Jesus has been screened at numerous international fantasy, trash and short film festivals and has received more than 70 awards, including jury and audience awards, as well as awards for best film and special effects.
David Muñoz and Adrián Cardona were nominated for the Grand Prize for Short Film at the 2013 Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival.
The film poster for Fist of Jesus is based on the poster of the Monty Python comedy The Life of Brian and received a CinEuphoria Award in 2014.
Other formats were also produced, including the SELF-SCAN II 40 wide by 12 or 6 line high displays, and a variety of custom displays showing gauges or pointers.
The SELF-SCAN displays were an important stepping-stone technology between printer-based teletype-like terminals of the 1960s and the widespread use of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays from the mid-1970s on.
They were often used for operator terminals on mainframe and minicomputers, and after that continued to see some use in demanding environments where their thinness, on the order of 1 inch, and resistance to interference from magnetic and electric fields that cause problems for CRTs made them useful.
Haseen Dillruba () is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language mystery thriller film directed by Vinil Mathew and produced by Anand L. Rai and Himanshu Sharma under the banner Colour Yellow Productions.
The hall was originally occupied by William Clark, a future Mayor of Wallsend, and then by Robert Richardson Dees, a local solicitor, before being acquired by Sir George Burton Hunter in 1914.
The site was developed as a hospital in the 1920s and extended to the east in the 1940s to create the current health centre.
Janne Daniel Sankelo (born 1 January 1967 in Hyvinkää) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Vaasa constituency.
Federico Smith (Frederick Anthony Smith, Manhattan, New York, United States, 1929 – Matanzas, Cuba, 1977) was a Cuban composer from North American origin.
Smith began his musical studies in his country, and in 1950 travelled to Mexico where he lived for the next 12 years.
That participation suggests an ideological tendency that had already manifested in his involvement with American communist organizations and his studies of Marxist philosophy.
Due to his professional prowess and deep knowledge of mathematics, art, politics and other academic disciplines, Federico Smith was considered a brilliant intellectual with hints of genius during his lifetime; but sadly, his professional career, that included musical composition, pedagogy and musical criticism, was negatively influenced by a noticeable addiction to alcohol and tobacco that most probable caused his early decease.
Smith lived almost six years in the Matanzas province, from mid-1971 until his passing in 1977; and in that city he developed an outstanding professional and creative activity as a composer, professor and conductor.
The decease of Federico Smith occurred in total isolation, when he was just 48 years old, probably induced by an untreated bronchial pneumonia; although it is also possible that it would be related to a marked physical decay produced by alcoholism.
Federico Smith travelled to Mexico in 1950, a country where he was going to live during the next 12 years; between the D. F. and the Michoacan State.
Several records indicate that he received training in composition and counterpoint from Blas Galindo, analysis from Rodolfo Halfter and instrumentation from José Pablo Moncayo.
Smith worked as professor of harmony, musical analysis, music history and composition at the National Art Schools (Cuba), from 1963 to 1966, and there he served as guide and support to many young musicians that, at a later time, were going to be excellent professionals.
His interest for the utilization of mathematic models in analysis and musical composition exerted an important influence in the development of composition techniques such as aleatorism, stochastic and electro-acoustic music in Cuba.
Federico Smith composed numerous works for concerts, radio, TV and cinema; which were characterized by their innovative and experimental style, and in 1966, he collaborated as an arranger and composer with the Cuban Institute of Radio and Television (ICRT).
During his stay in Mexico, Federico Smith worked as composer, professor and promoter of the Escuela de Danza (Dance School) of the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes.
He briefly served in politics as the Minister of Finance for the First Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki from 4 June to 30 August 2019.
McKay joined Forest Research as a plant physiologist in 1988 where she worked to improve the physiological quality of planting stock.
She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to forest science and forestry.
Ptarmigan Falls has a series of cascades and at least one drop of over as it descends downstream along Ptarmigan Creek.
The falls can only be seen by hiking west on the Ptarmigan Trail from Swiftcurrent Auto Camp Historic District in the Many Glacier region of the park.
But the colour of all the spots of the forewing as well as of the hindwing is a dull purple, as it hardly occurs again in the whole genus.
The Motu Koita Assembly is the landowner representative body of the Motu and Koitabu people, established as an Assembly by an act of the Parliament of Papua New Guinea.
The capital city of Port Moresby was established on the traditional lands of the Motu and Koitabu people in the late 1800s..
It was given powers and rights to legislate in the ten recognised Motu and Koitabu villages and exercise authority over their customary land, which lies within the Port Moresby boundaries.
The rivière aux Canots is a tributary of the east bank of the Métabetchouane River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Belle-Rivière, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Rivière aux Canots (except the rapids areas) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
The Rivière aux Canots rises at the mouth of Lake Staffieri (length: ; altitude: ) in the shape of a U due to almost island attached to the north shore and stretching to the south.
From the confluence of the Aux Canots river, the current descends the Métabetchouane River north on to the south shore of lac Saint-Jean; from there, the current crosses the latter on towards the northeast, then borrows the course of the Saguenay River via La Petite Décharge on until Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
Located in a remote region north of Many Glacier, the falls can only been seen by a multiday hike on established trails to Mokowanis Lake and then from there along unmaintained trails to Ipasha Lake.
She was transferred to Shanghai's Pirate Suppression Bureau, where she was named Tieh Pi () and used as an armed patrol vessel.
She was transferred to the Ever Victorious Army, and later transferred back to Governor Li Hongzhang's fleet, where she returned to patrol duties.
The Act for better Securing the Duties of East India Goods was (6 Ann c.3) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain.
The act extended the monopoly of the English East India Company across Scotland thus encompassing the whole of the new United Kingdom.
Thus this corporation of the City of London was able to enjoy a set of privileges which enabled it, rather than private British subjects, to dominate trade in half of the emerging British empire.
The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
The awards were founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others.
The awards were founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others.
The Golden Globe Award is an accolade bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known informally as the Tony Award, recognizes achievement in live Broadway theatre.
The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City.
From 1820 to 1840, with a talent for language practice and for commerce, he became one of the most important slave traders active between Cuba and the coasts of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
First embarking on merchant ships, he was quickly confronted with piracy which developed after the end of the slave trade by the nations in the Antilles.
It offers an interesting testimony to the slave society of the time, both Europeans and African tribes who integrated this trade into their lifestyles.
Loch Sunart to the Sound of Jura Marine Protected Area is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) off the west coast of Scotland.
Fishing activities are controlled within the MPA, and no suction dredging, mechanical dredging, beam trawling, demersal trawling or longline fishing is permitted.
Prip began her work as an actor on the stage in New York City, landing roles in many works by Latin American playwrights and theatre companies.
The show was one of four inaugural scripted serials to be featured with the launch of Apple Inc.'s streaming service Apple TV+ in November 2019, and Prip starred as Bow Lion, a shadow warrior for a clan of nomadic people living 500 years in the future.
In 2018 Prip worked with the Breaking Walls Foundation to bring dozens of teens from around the world to Santiago, Chile for a residency of theatrical and creative writing workshops.
He attended Yonago Middle School (now Yonago Higher School), Osaka Army Youth School, and the Army Youth School, from which he graduated from in 1911.
After returning to Japan, he served as an instructor at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, as well as a member of the General Staff.
In August 1934, he was promoted to colonel and served as the leader of the investigation squad of the Ministry of the Army.
He was a member of the General Staff of both the Imperial Japanese Army and the Kwantung Army (Chief of the First Section).
He continued to be an instructor and an officer at the IJAA, as well as being appointed commandant of the Army Infantry School.
In February 1943, Banzai was appointed the commander of the IJA 35th Division, a garrison division which participated rear guard actions in the Taihang Mountains of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
In April 1944, he was promoted to commander of the IJA 20th Army provide a garrison force for areas left under defended by the movement of troops further south in Operation Ichi-Go.
From April 9, 1945 - June 7, 1945 it carried out the offensive in the Battle of West Hunan, the last major Japanese offensive of the Second Sino-Japanese War, during which time it suffered significant casualties.
After the surrender of Japan, the IJA 20th Army surrendered to ROC General Wang Yaowu in a classroom on the second floor of the Science building of Hunan University in Changsha.
However, the army was not immediately demobilized, but was rearmed by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China and was assigned to the maintenance of public order until it was officially disbanded on July 15, 1946 at Hengyang, Hunan province.
General Ichirō Banzai died in Shanghai less than a month after the surrender at Shanghai on September 16, 1945 at the age of 55.
Jésus Gómez is a Mexican youth international and notably played with Mexico under-17 at the Under 17 world cup in Brazil.
The High Court of Justice of Castilla-La Mancha () is the highest body of the judiciary in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha (Spain).
He is heir to the Royal Court of Albacete established by Queen Maria Christina in Albacete in 1834 with jurisdiction over much of Castile-La Mancha and the Region of Murcia.
The presidency of the High Court of Justice of Castilla-La Mancha has been held since 2005 by Vicente Rouco, who, currently, is serving his third consecutive term.
Shahidul Haque (born 31 December 1959) is a Bangladeshi government official and career diplomat who is currently serving as the 25th Foreign Secretary of Bangladesh.
Hungarian bath culture has a long history of hundreds of years, which was founded in the time of the ancient Roman Empire and later developed further under Turkish influence.
Due to its historical traditions, Budapest is customarily described as the city of spas, which, besides satisfying domestic needs, makes the Hungarian capital extremely popular among tourists.
Sparty built a popular event on these traditions of thermal baths, where the night bathing is complemented with light and laser shows and live music.
At the events, organized in the Lukács and Széchenyi Baths in Budapest, guests can enjoy a mix of thermal baths, visual effects and music between the several hundred years old walls.
In addition to the night bathing Sparties feature DJs playing electro, trip-hop, hip-hop, funk and trance music, moreover alcohol consumption is permitted, hence the outstanding popularity among program tourists and youngsters.
Frontiers of Biogeography is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing biogeographical science, with the academic standards expected of a journal operated by and for an academic society.
Those athletes who remain, want to revive the team and attract a new coach who developed a new technique for them.
As homeownership became more affordable in early twentieth century Chicago, the bungalow became popular as an affordable and easily replicable home style, and tens of thousands of the homes were built throughout the city.
While more industrial than average, the Belmont Cragin area was otherwise typical of the new bungalow neighborhoods, as it was an underdeveloped area on the outskirts of the city.
Laughlin Falconer, for whom the district is named, owned and farmed on the land before dividing it and selling it to developers in 1913.
Architects Ernest Braucher and Johan F. Knudson designed most of the bungalows in the district; both architects frequently gave their houses full-length, open-air front porches, and the district has one of the city's most significant collections of open front porch bungalows as a result.
Anna Belfer-Cohen (; born November 3, 1949) is an Israeli archaeologist and paleoanthropologist and Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Belfer-Cohen excavated and studied many important prehistoric sites in Israel including Hayonim and Kebara Caves and open-air sites such as Nahal Ein Gev I and Nahal Neqarot.
She has also worked for many years in the Republic of Georgia, where she made important contributions to the study of the Paleolithic sequence of the Caucasus following her work at the cave sites of Dzoudzuana, Kotias and Satsrublia.
She is a specialist in biological Anthropology, prehistoric art, lithic technology, the Upper Paleolithic and modern humans, the Natufian-Neolithic interface and the transition to village life.
After completing high school in her home town Petah Tikva, she began studying toward her first degree in archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she also earned her MA (1981) and PhD (1988).
Early in her career, Belfer-Cohen participated in excavations at the Lower Paleolithic site of ‘Ubeiydia in the Jordan Valley (the oldest site in Israel), at Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic prehistoric sites in the northern Sinai Desert, at the burial sites from the Chalcolithic age and Early Bronze Age in the southern Sinai.
During her MA studies, Belfer-Cohen analyzed the lithics and bone tools from the Aurignacian layer at Hayonim cave (dated to 35,000 years ago).
In her PhD Belfer-Cohen discussed the technological and spatial aspects of the Natufian material remains from Hayonim Cave in the Galilee, including architecture, burials, lithic assemblages, ground-stone tools and personal ornaments.
In this work she provided the basis for the modern study of the Natufian culture and shaped the important research questions, which are still employed by the current research.
Meat is always washed in Haitian cooking because of a lack of food safety regulations in Haiti; sour oranges or limes are used instead of water since clean water is often difficult to access.
Martín was definitely promoted to the reserves in Segunda División B ahead of the 2018–19 campaign, but was only sparingly used.
On 20 July 2019, he signed a new one-year deal with the club, and became a regular starter for the B's afterwards.
Martín made his first team debut on 17 November 2019, starting in a 1–2 away loss against CD Mirandés for the Segunda División championship.
He is currently a fellow of Swiss Africa Business Innovation & Initiative and Founders Gym, an online program that trains underrepresented founders on how to raise money to scale their tech startups.
In February 2016, Dele founded Findworka, a company set up to address the gap between the demand and supply of software developers.
After young software engineer Toni Astro was arrested by police in Lagos, he was also one of the tech founders who joined their voice with that of other tech leaders in the Nigerian tech community to condemn widespread police harassment and extortion by the Nigerian police force.
The other tech leaders who have also condemned the harassmentt include [[Bosun Tijani]], [[Jason Njoku]], Adetunji Eleso, Adewale Yusuf, [[Tayo Oviosu]], Jessica Hope, [[Onyeka Akumah]], Chinedu Azodoh, Editi Effiong, Damilola Teidi-Ayoola, Femi Longe, Idris Ayodeji Bello, Jay Alabraba, Kola Aina, Shola Akinlade, Gbenga Agboola, Mark Essien, Sim Shagaya, Aanu Adeoye, Tomiwa Aladekomo, Oo Nwoye, Nelson Olaonipekun, Chijioke Dozie to name a few.
In 2016, for his efforts in founding [[Findworka]], Dele Bakare was nominated for the future awards prize in science and technology.
Akin Alabi (Naira Bet), Dr Sid, Jackye (BBN), Bolanle Banwo (The Female Designer Movement), Karounwi Anuoluwapo (Yorlang), Babs Ogundeyi, Bukola Akingbade (Kucheza), Debo Odunlana, Dele Bakare, Gabriel Okeowo, Funto Akinbesehin, Lola Esan, Odunayo Eweniyi (Piggyvest), Ola Brown (Flying Doctor), Osagie Alonge (Opay), Samson Ogbole, Tobi Aigbogun and more.Silas Adekunle, World renowned Robotics Engineer and Dr. Wendy Okolo, Aeronautics Engineer at NASA.
It was opened on 2 January 1983 as part of the inaugural section of Line 1 between Propatria and La Hoyada.
Colgrave's YouTube channel has twenty six of his 2D surreal, psychedelic, animations, half of which have over a million views each.
Colgrave' wife, Zoë is a costume and makeup-artist, known as Trugglet on Instagram They became engaged on 31 October 2016; On 23rd February, 2019, Colgrave revealed that he has one child with his wife.
Marina Joubert is a senior science communication researcher at The Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST) at Stellenbosch University.
Previously, she was the communication manager for the National Research Foundation and managed her own independent science communication consultancy for a decade.
From 1989 she worked as communication manager for the Foundation for Research Development, followed by the National Research Foundation (NRF) in 1999.
In 2001, Joubert became science communication manager for the South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA) (part of the NRF).
Part of her work during this time was to co-present science communication workshops, aimed at early-career academics, in conjunction with Robert Inglis and the University of Pretoria.
The course was the first online course in science communication in Africa and more than 180 African science communicators had completed this course by 2019.
The summit covered areas such as: the rise and dangers of pseudoscience and science denialism, communicating uncertainty in science, health regulation, science in court, the media and pseudoscience, and exploiting the desperately ill, the vulnerable and the ignorant.
Mai dire Gol was a football television program of featuring Gialappa's Band which was broadcast on Italia 1 from 18 November 1990 to 25 February 2001.
The most popular program of the trio, the show was centered on the errors, the gaffes and the funny attitudes of some players and football coaches in the previous matchday of Serie A, as well as of foreign leagues.
He left Case Western Reserve University with bachelor’s degrees in computer science and physics and a master’s degree in mathematics—at age 17.
By means of a Churchill Scholarship he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Cambridge for the academic year 1991–1992, receiving a Certificate of Advanced Study in Mathematics.
Rains was from 2003 to 2007 a full professor at the University of California, Davis and is since 2007 a full professor at Caltech.
Englewood Route 4 is a proposed station along NJ Transit's Northern Branch Corridor Project extension of Hudson-Bergen Light Rail in Englewood in lower reaches of the Northern Valley in Bergen County, New Jersey.
The station site is along the CSX Transportation (CSXT) Northern Branch where it runs under New Jersey Route 4 at MP 8.8, east of Nordhoff Place and north of Sheffield Avenue.
Two other HBLR stations are planned in the city further north of Englewood Route 4 at Englewood Town Center and at Englewood Hospital, the line's terminus.
It is zoned for planned unit development (PUD) and consists mixed-use development that is undergoing a transformation from a warehouse distribution & manufacturing district into a residential, retail, and business neighborhood.
By 1887 Erie Railroad's Northern Branch had three stops in the city: the southernmost at Nordhoff (#1919) (later Sheffield Avenue), the central depot at Englewood (#1921), and the northernmost at Highwood (#1923) (later Hudson Avenue).
Fisher was baptized in Syleham, Suffolk in April 1591 and lived on the south bank of the River Waveney on an estate known as Wignotte.
Elimination Chamber (2020) (also known as No Escape (2020) in Germany) is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view and WWE Network event produced by WWE for their Raw and SmackDown brands.
It has been produced every year since except in 2016, and is generally held in February; the 2020 event will be the second to not occur in February, but the first to be done in March.
The concept of the show is that one or two main event matches are contested inside the Elimination Chamber, either with championships or future opportunities at championships at stake.
The show will include matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.
The Archives of Appalachia is a repository for memories — the written words, images, and sounds that document life in southern Appalachia.
The Archives of Appalachia at East Tennessee State University (ETSU) opened on September 1, 1978 located on the first floor of what is now known as Nicks Hall.
Created as part of the Institute of Appalachian Affairs by Dr. Arthur H. DeRosier, Jr., newly appointed President of ETSU, its mission was to coordinate research and public service relating to the sociological, political, economic and cultural aspects of life in southern Appalachia.
Early collections included the Washington County Court Records 1777-1950, the East Tennessee Education Association Papers, the LeRoy Reeves Papers, and the B. Carroll Reece Papers.
Under Kesner's direction, the Archives added other valuable collections, including the Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway Records, the Magnet Mills Collection, and the Broadside Television Collection.
Grants in 1979 and 1981 from the Tennessee Endowment for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities allowed the Archives to develop the Appalachian Outreach Program, through which it produced nine slide-tape presentations about the region for teachers and community groups.
The Archives developed teaching packets to accompany the presentations, which included transcripts, bibliographies, and suggested classroom activities for public school students.
Under Garrison's direction, the Archives implemented a computerized access system in 1986 and hired Norma (Myers) Thomas as Technical Services Archivist.
CASS included the Institute for Appalachians Affairs, the B. Carroll Reece Museum and the Archives of Appalachia.The Archives acquired additional space when the medical library moved out of Sherrod Library.
In 1986, in recognition of ETSU’s 75 anniversary, the Archives produced a series of exhibits on ETSU's history and helped prepare a time capsule that was deposited in one of the globe columns at the campus amphitheater.
Under Riddle’s leadership, the Archives continued its robust growth, adding hundreds of new collections on a range of historical and cultural topics related to southern Appalachia.
Significant additions included the papers of the long-serving member of the U.S. House of Representatives James H. Quillen; the Coal Employment Project Papers, which document the struggle for workers’ rights for female coal miners; the records of the East Tennessee & Western North Carolina Railroad; and unique recorded sound collections including the Mary Elizabeth Barnicle and Tillman Cadle Collection of field recordings from the 1930s through the 1950s.
Increased media collections created unique demands for preservation and access, and during Riddle’s tenure the Archives applied for, and received, at least a dozen grants to preserve rare audio and moving image holdings.
A major grant from the NEH in 2003 funded a large preservation project and also served as the basis for the creation of the Archives’ media digitization lab.
Over time, the lab has developed the capacity for digitizing over a dozen formats of analog audio and moving image materials.Outreach also remained a focus for the Archives throughout the 1990s and beyond.
In 1997, the administrative responsibility of the Archives, previously shared between the Center for Appalachian Studies and the University Library, was changed to the Center only and the Archives was restructured.
Previously known as the Archives and Special Collections with subdivisions of Archives of Appalachia, University Archives, and Special Collections, the name was officially changed to the Archives of Appalachia, consisting of three units – Appalachian Manuscript Collections, University Archives, and Special Collections.
In 1999, the Archives of Appalachia received a grant from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences to preserve selected recordings and to develop a radio series drawing on the materials in these collections.
In 2000, the Archives was awarded a grant by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission to preserve original and rare recordings in the Barnicle-Cadle, Bernard Rousseau, and Broadside Television collections and make them more accessible to researchers.
As part of an effort to make its collections more accessible, the Archives posted all of its finding aids available online by 2000.
On February 1, 1999 the Archives moved from its original location in what is now known as Nicks Hall to its present location on the fourth floor of the Charles C. Sherrod Library.
In 2001, the Archives received a grant from the National Film Preservation Foundation to preserve and make prints of four film documentaries produced by ETSU professors Thomas Burton and Jack Schrader.
In 2006, the Archives expanded its recorded sound collections once again with the acquisition of the Lewis Deneumoustier Collection, consisting of over 25,000 recordings along with a large number of publications and ephemera that focus on country and bluegrass music.
Collections growth continued, and Collins placed an emphasis on formalizing a range of policies that clarified workflows and standardized collection development and research access.
The Archives also officially initiated an education and outreach program in 2012, with the hiring of its first Education and Outreach Archivist.
As a result of this program, additional resources were devoted to supporting student research and scholarship, including the creation of a new electronic classroom and student learning center in 2014.
At the same time, Archives staff curated a major new permanent exhibit in the reading room, highlighting the broad range of scholarly and creative projects that the Archives’ collections have supported over time.
Work digitizing collections also continued, as the Archives laid the groundwork for a partnership with the Sherrod Library’s Digital Commons to provide online access to official ETSU publications.
In 2019 the Archives was also able to award its first research grants through the annual Margaret Anne Byrd Huffman Archives of Appalachia Endowment Grant which supports ETSU faculty members and students who utilize materials from the Archives in research or creative projects.
As the Archives looks to the future, it remains grounded in its ongoing commitment to excellence and its dedication to serving the people of southern Appalachia.
The Archives has a proud history as a center for education and creativity that engages students, faculty, and the broader Appalachian community in historical and cultural inquiry.
Through its unrivaled collections, innovative and collaborative history of outreach, and patron-centered service, the Archives continues along its original path of serving southern Appalachia by preserving the stories of the people and the institutions that have made this region what it is.
East Tennessee State University founds the Archives of Appalachia to promote an awareness of and appreciation for southern Appalachia’s culture and history.
During these early years, the Archives receives manuscript, print, photographic, and media collections that document all aspects of life in Appalachia, laying the foundation for a collection that now extends from the 18 through the 21 centuries.
ETSU formally establishes its University Archives as a division of the Archives of Appalachia with the transfer of the papers of the institution’s first three presidents: Sidney Gilbreath, Charles Sherrod, and Burgin Dossett.
The programs draw upon materials in the Archives’ collections and are presented hundreds of times to over 5,000 people for free throughout southern Appalachia.
The Archives serves as a test facility for the SELGEM program (Self Generating Master) developed by the Smithsonian Institution for cataloging and indexing archival collections.
The following year, the Archives is a part of an NEH-funded study of the use of computers in archival settings; one result of which is MARS (the Microcomputer Archives and Records Management System).
ETSU receives a grant from the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) to establish the Center of Excellence for Appalachian Studies and Services (CASS).
Through this association, the Archives receives support for additional staff and equipment, as well as funding for a range of preservation and outreach projects.
The Archives’ holdings continue their robust growth, adding hundreds of new collections on a range of historical and cultural topics related to southern Appalachia.
·        unique recorded sound collections including the Mary Elizabeth Barnicle and Tillman Cadle Collection of field recordings (1930s-1950s) and the Stoneman Family Papers.
This is the first of nearly a dozen grants the Archives will receive over the next decade, totaling nearly $350,000, to preserve its collections.
The Archives moves from its original location, in what is now known as Nicks Hall, to its present location on the fourth floor of the Charles C. Sherrod Library.
This move gives the Archives much-needed space for collections storage, a larger reading room, and a dedicated facility for its state-of-the-art media preservation lab.
Over time, the lab acquires the capacity for digitizing more than a dozen formats of analog audio and moving image materials, creating over 25 terabytes of digital files.
The Archives undergoes a significant facilities renovation that includes the creation of a new electronic classroom and student learning center, along with the curation of a major new permanent exhibit in the reading room that highlights the broad range of scholarly and creative projects that the Archives’ collections have supported over time.
The Archives launches the Margaret Anne Byrd Huffman Archives of Appalachia Endowment Grant, which is awarded annually to support ETSU faculty members and students who utilize materials from the Archives in research or creative projects.
The Archives places increased emphasis on providing digital access to its collections, establishing its first digital collections portal, enhancing its infrastructure for digitizing oversize print items, and providing online streaming access to a portion of its media collections.
The Archives receives grants from the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation and the National Recording Preservation Foundation that allow for enhanced access to its recorded sound collections.
Although the Kentucky General Assembly considered plans for an interchange with I-264 as early as 1992, work did not begin until October 2008 and was completed in May 2010.
RISE (short for Radical, Internationalist, Socialist and Environmentalist) is a democratic socialist organisation in Ireland, founded in 2019 by Paul Murphy TD.
RISE is due to contest an election for the first time at the 2020 Irish general election, in which it will be running as part of the Solidarity–People Before Profit alliance.
Biogeographia: The Journal of Integrative Biogeography is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing original research and reviews in biogeography since 1970.
He is best known for publicizing the Wari-Bateshwar ruins, an ancient fort city and archaeological site of Bangladesh dating back to 450 BC.
Pathan was born on 6 April 1901 (23 Choitro 1307) ‍at the village of Deewanchar, Raipura of the then Bengal Presidency of British India (now Bangladesh) to his maternal house.
The 2019–20 UCLA Bruins women's basketball team represents the University of California, Los Angeles during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Bruins, led by ninth year head coach Cori Close, play their home games at Pauley Pavilion and are members of the Pac-12 Conference.
The Headies Award for Best Rap Single is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards.
Club Sportiv Tunari, commonly known as CS Tunari, or simply as Tunari, is a Romanian football club based in Tunari, Ilfov County.
Founded in 1992 the club situated near Bucharest was re-branded as CS Tunari in 2004, reaching the Liga III in 2009, where it plays since then.
In the same period in the commune near Bucharest was built a new stadium and Tunari promoted in the third tier in 2009, since then being a constant presence at this level, registering the following rankings: 9th (2009–10), 7th (2010–11), 10th (2011–12), 13th (2012–13), 8th (2013–14), 4th (2014–15), 12th (2015–16), 3rd (2016–17), 7th (2017–18) and 6th (2018–19).
Tunari means Gunners in Romanian and the commune has on its Coat of Arms a cannon, fact that brought the original name, a tribute to English football club Arsenal F.C.
In 2009, in an interview granted to sport.ro, Lucian Costache, chairman of the club reported how in 1996, when the club was still named Arsenal Tunari, they sent a letter to the English club asking for some original kits, but no answer was ever sent.
The adult shell is netted over by 8 elevate spirals (17 in the body whorl) and radials enclosing deep oblong meshes.
Preston-Myint was born in New York City, worked extensively in Chicago, Illinois, and is a co-founder of the Chicago Art Book Fair.
Preston-Myint was a professor at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and is currently a program manager at the Headlands Center for the Arts in Sausalito, California.
The Journal of Aerospace Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers and combines civil engineering with aerospace technology (but also incorporates other elements of civil engineering) to develop structures for space and extreme conditions.
Topics of interest include aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, wind tunnel testing of buildings and structures, aerospace structures and materials, and more.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
He was named by the Hay Festival as one of the Beirut39, a selection of the best young writers in the Arab world.
Tariq Amir Owens (born June 30, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Northern Arizona Suns of the NBA G League.
He played college basketball for the Texas Tech Red Raiders and St. John's having transferred after his freshman year at Tennessee.
As a junior at St. John's, Owens averaged 8.4 points, 5.9 rebounds and a Big East Conference-best 2.8 blocks per game.
After going undrafted in the 2019 NBA draft, Owens did not play in the NBA Summer League but suited up for the Phoenix Suns.
Owens had a double-double with 14 points and 15 rebounds in a 117-113 loss to the Texas Legends on November 12.
On January 5, 2020, Owens led the team in scoring with 18 points to go with nine rebounds, one assist, one steal and one block across in a 101-93 victory over the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, helping snap a 13-game losing streak for Northern Arizona.
Marie-Louise is a term used to refer to the last conscripts raised in the First French Empire, raised for Napoleon's army.
The name derived from Empress Marie-Louise who issued decrees dated 9 October 1813 ordering the conscription of 280,000 men but it has been extended more widely to those that served as conscripts between 1813 and 1815.
Men were required at this stage of the war to defend against an anticipated invasion of north-east France by the Sixth Coalition.
Owing to a manpower shortage the conscription was extended for the first time to those aged 18 and those as short as for the first time.
Despite this the French Army was too small to oppose the allies and, following the capture of Paris, Napoleon abdicated in 13 April 1814, bringing the war to a close.
Conscription in France was based on the Jourdan-Delbrel law of 1798 which required a military obligation (not necessarily service under arms) from men between 20 and 25 years old.
The time in service was set at 3 years though this was extended at the discretion of the state in wartime.
By 1813 Emperor of France Napoleon I's Grande Armée was severely depleted as a result of losses suffered in the unsuccessful 1812 invasion of Russia and the ongoing German Campaign as well as from diseases such as typhus.
Napoleon considered that he was 110,000 soldiers short of those needed to defend France ahead of an anticipated invasion of north-east France by the Sixth Coalition.
In order to widen the pool of recruits the minimum height for conscripts was reduced to from (to which it had been reduced in 1810).
In practice by 1814 the standard was merely nominal and in cases where conscripts had no other defects men shorter than were regularly accepted.
During the year continuing campaigns and the bottling up of French garrisons in strongholds following the loss at the Battle of Leipzig also reduced the forces available to the Emperor.
By the end of the year, Napoleon's field army had fallen to just 70,000 men, of whom only 30-50,000 were effective at any given time.
The age at conscription was in some cases as low as 18, though such men were given assurances that they would not be deployed outside the boundaries of the Empire.
The quota lottery, which allowed a portion of conscripts an exemption, was not used and the process was speeded up: conscripts would be posted to a regimental depot within 2 days of appearing before the conscription board.
The required quotas were not derived from populations of the departments but seem to have been based on the deficits from previous levies in each region.
The levy was posponed in Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Nord, Deux-Sèvres, Vendée, Loire-Inférieur due to previous or ongoing civil disturbance and were not implemented in Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loire, Côtes-du-Nord, Finistère and Vienne as these departments were still working to fill previous levy quotas.
In addition the levy was postponed in 24 Midi deparments until 11 February and in practice did not actaully take place until 26 March.
The initial Marie-Louise levy was therefore limited to parts of South-East France, Lyon and the immediate vicinity of Paris, the 32 departments closest to existing depots.
The number of men actually incorporated into the army from the Marie-Louise decrees has been estimated at only 25,000, of whom the majority (20,144) went into the Imperial Guard, mainly the Young Guard.
The conscripts received a hurried and abbreviated training programme, though Napoleon specified that all conscripts should receive some form of musketry training, even if much shortened.
A training period as short as a fortnight was not uncommon, with few receiving as much as a month's training; this was less than the conscripts called in 1813 who had, in principle, 90 days training before joining their regiments.
The men were generally poorly trained in the traditional soldier's skills of marksmanship, drill and skirmishing; though some had earlier experience with muskets in civilian life as poachers.
Napoleon recognised the limitations of poorly trained troops and requested that battalions formed entirely from conscripts be half the usual size to allow a better supervision ration from the units officers and non-commissioned officers.
He employed such units as a means of holding static positions in his lines, though the Young Guard saw service as shock troops, deployed en mass in compact formations.
Paris fell on 30-31 March and Napoleon retreated to Fontainebleau where he agreed to abdicate on 13 April, bringing the war to a close.
The most restrictive is that to those raised only in 1815 by the decrees of Empress Marie-Louise signed on 9 October 1813.
Others use it to describe all conscripts of 1814 and 1815 and a third group for any of those conscripted between 1813 and 1815.
The term is believed to have originated among the grognards of the Old Guard, as a manifestation of the black humour widespread in France towards the end of the war.
Although common in the writings of military veterans such as Fabvier it was not picked up by military historians for many years.
The use of the term, with its associations with popular support for the Imperial cause, declined over time as political attitudes changes in France.
However, it saw a resurgence in popularity in 1914-15 as men were called up for duty in that war and came to be applied to this class also.
Houssaye's quotation was used during this time to refer to the fervour of the new conscripts but the conscripts of this war were far better trained than their forebears.
Even when depicting conscripts of the Napoleonic Era artists of the Bourbon Restoration such as Nicolas Toussaint Charlet and Auguste Raffet do not use the term.
Depictions of the Marie-Louises in art increased after 1870 as the Franco-Prussian War inspired artists to draw upon the spirit of 1814.
There was a resurgence of interest in the Marie-Louises during the First World War, due to France once more calling upon conscripts when threatened with invasion.
A monument at the site of the Battle of Craonne which honoured the original Marie-Louises was destroyed in fighting early in the war.
Its central feature is a staue of an 1814 soldier and an 1914 poilu, who together hold up a French standard.
The sculpture takes some artistic license in depicting the 1814 soldier in a standard 1812 army uniform, not the limited equipment that would have been worn by the typical 1814 conscript.
The 2019-20 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets women's basketball team represented Georgia Institute of Technology during the 2019-20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
They were led by first-year head coach Nell Fortner and played their home games at Hank McCamish Pavilion as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
The Hard Rock was one of four applications submitted for the one available casino license in Woodbury County, competing against a bid from Ho-Chunk Inc. and two bids from Penn National Gaming.
The opening came after some controversy from the now-defunct Argosy Casino Sioux City, who had its license revoked by the Iowa Racing & Gaming Commission in 2014.
Millions of men work as unskilled labourers in foreign countries, leaving the household, agriculture, and raising of children to women alone.
Most of the working-age women are employed in agricultural sector, contributions to which are usually ignored or undervalued in official statistics.
Trade unions have played a significant role in earning better working conditions and workers' rights, both at the company level and the national government level.
Worker-friendly labour laws, endorsed by the labour unions as well as business owners, provide a framework for better working conditions and secure future for the employees, but their implementation is severely lacking in practice.
Among the highly educated, there is a significant brain-drain, posing a significant hurdle in fulfilling the demand for skilled workforce in the country.
Millions of unskilled labourers work abroad, primarily in the GCC countries and Malaysia, contributing around 28 per cent of the country's total GDP.
On the other hand, thousands of well-educated and skilled workforce emigrates to the developed countries in the Americas, Europe and Australasia.
As many as 66.5 per cent of men and 59.7 per cent of women employed in Nepal, are employed in the informal sector.
According to the labour force survey of 2008, only 16.9 per cent of the employment was in wage employment, with the rest identifying as self-employed.
Of the 11.53 million working-age women, 8.5 million are in the labour force (employed or seeking employment), with only 2.6 million of them actually employed.
The low figure of employment is mostly attributed to the fact that women employed in subsistence farming (making no recorded profits) as well as homemakers were counted among the unemployed.
Because of continued outmigration of men from rural agricultural villages, women have been forced to take complete responsibility of the household which includes growing crops, animal husbandry, household chores and raising children.
73.9 per cent of the population employed in agriculture was composed of 84.3 per cent of all working women compared to 62.2 per cent for men.
According to the Nepal Labour Force Survey (NLFS) in 2008, 40.4 per cent of the child population was economically active, with 51 per cent of it being child labour.
A series of discussions between the brick factory owners and the government in 2018, led to the signing of an agreement to end child labour in the sector.
Some child labourers, particularly in the agricultural sector in the Terai and in the households of affluent families throughout the country, are employed in slavery-like conditions.
However, the system is believed to still persist in practice as many freed kamaiyas have begun returning to their former landlords, as law-enforcement isn't strict, and freed labourers lack other opportunities for livelihood.
As the payment is made to the parents, the kamlaris are slaves to the landlord for the duration of the contract, and are subject to violence and abuse.
The practice was officially banned in 2013, and more than 12,000 kamalaris freed, but it still exists in some parts of the country, as freed Kamlaris from families in extreme poverty have begun returning to their former landlords.
The whole family is bonded to the landlords, and the indentured status is passed from father to son for many generations.
However, due to the failure of the rehabilitation efforts, many haliyas are reported to have gone back to their former landlords to make their living.
In recent years, the number of immigrants from South Asia and elsewhere, applying for a work permit for employment in high-skilled jobs has been increasing.
The Social Security Act that came into force in 2017 set minimum monthly wage for industrial workers at Rs 13,450, a daily minimum wage at Rs 517, and an hourly minimum at Rs 69.
Minimum additional entitlements include provident fund and gratuity contributions worth 18.33 per cent of basic wage, festival allowances worth 8.33 per cent of basic wage, as well as planned increases to maternity support, health and accident insurances, taking the total minimum additional entitlements to around Rs 2,500.
Enterprises with more than 50 employees are required to provide a break room and canteen, whereas a child care center is mandated, either by itself or jointly with another, for companies that employ more than 50 female workers.
Labour permit may be obtained for a maximum of 3 to 5 years depending on the skill level, with a potential for extension of up to two additional years from the Ministry of Labour.
Labour Act 2048 was repealed by Nepal Labour Act 2074, enacted in 2017, following the establishment of the federal republic and drafting of the new constitution.
The history of worker rights campaigns and trade unions in Nepal, begins with the Biratnagar Mills Workers' Association, which under the leadership of democratic revolutionaries from Nepali Congress and Communist Party of Nepal, were able to organise a strike for the first time on 4 March 1947, beginning the revolution for democracy that successfully toppled the Rana regime and established constitutional monarchy in 1951.
In the short term, they were successful in persuading the Rana regime to increase their wages by 15 per cent, and full wages for the duration of the strike.
After the establishment of democracy, the union split into All Nepal Trade Union Congress and Nepal Trade Union Congress, and rapidly polarised as leftist and non-leftist during the cold war.
Many independent industry-based workers' unions came into being in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the tourism, transport and hospitality sectors.
By 1996, the CPN UML affiliated GEFONT and Nepali Congress affiliated Nepal Trade Union Congress (NTUC) were the only two recognised confederations of trade unions.
After the maoist party entered the peace process in 2006, its affiliate trade union, the All Nepal Federation of Trade Unions (ANFTU) entered as the third major trade union confederation.
However, following the merger of CPN UML and CPN (Maoist Centre), GEFONT and ANFTU are in the process of negotiating a merger.
Trade unions work together with investors, NGOs, INGOs and the government in developing policies, laws, rules and regulations related to worker welfare.
In Paris, before the Revolution, it was necessary to be bourgeois of Paris to be able to exercise public functions related to the city, such as provost of the merchants, alderman or consul, but also in the different corporations or guilds.
To be bourgeois of Paris, according to the article 173 of the Custom of Paris, one had to have his domicile in Paris as tenant or as owner for at least a year and a day.
The bourgeois of Paris had privileges and duties: they were free from having to pay the Taille, but they had to pay the taxes of the city, contribute to public charity, arm themselves at their own expense to participate in the urban militia .
The genealogies of the bourgeois families of Paris are still poorly known as are the names of families who can claim to be part of them.
This was to be proven by a receipt of rent or personal capitation, and not by renting a room or staying in a furnished hotel.
In other words, anyone who owned a home in Paris (but not in the suburbs) as owner or tenant, and who resided there for over a year, was a bourgeois of Paris.
Recently Laurence Croq, who has devoted a thesis to the study of the notion of the bourgeois of Paris in the 18th century, said that this quality had a polymorphous characteristic.
According to Article 112 of the Custom of Paris, the bourgeois of Paris can not be forced to plead in defence elsewhere than in Paris, including in civil matters for purely real rights, and that throughout the kingdom.
The quality of bourgeois of Paris gave some privileges almost equal to those of the nobility, the oldest being the exemption from mortmain, then from the Taille and freehold, to benefit from the noble guard.
At an early period, the bourgeois of Paris had received from King Charles V the right to wear helmed and/or crested coats of arms and to carry a sword.
The capacity of bourgeois, that is to say of citizen of a city having political rights in opposition to the simple inhabitants, forms the base of the urban organisation of cities.
This urban system in Europe dates back for many cities still existing today to Greco-Latin antiquity, others were founded around the year one thousand.
The Journal of Composites for Construction is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers and publishes original content dealing with the use of fiber-reinforced composite materials in construction.
The journal editors are looking for papers that bridge the gap between research in the mechanics and manufacturing science of composite materials and the analysis and design of large civil engineering structural systems and their construction processes.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.
The 2020 Challenge Cup known as the Coral Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the 119th staging of the Challenge Cup, the main rugby league knockout tournament for teams in the Super League, the British national leagues and a number of invited amateur clubs.
The format of the competition will remain as eight knock-out rounds followed by the final and as announced in 2018 the final is being brought forward to July instead of the August bank holiday weekend but will still be played at Wembley Stadium.
Entry into the Cup is mandatory for the English and Welsh professional teams, but is by invitation for all other clubs, either professional or amateur.
Canadian side Toronto Wolfpack rejoined the competition after declining to play in the 2019 competition and will play all ties they are involved in away from home.
Serbian club, Red Star who played in 2019 declined an invitation to enter in 2020 due to the demands the trip to England made on their players.
Drew Desjarlais (born April 24, 1997) is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League.
He was drafted 4th overall in the first round of the 2019 CFL Draft by the Blue Bombers and signed with the team on May 11, 2012, despite receiving interest from the NFL.
Paweł Sękowski (born 2 October 1985) is a Polish historian specializing in modern history, researcher at the Jagiellonian University and Paris-Sorbonne University, President of the Kuźnica Association from January 2018.
He was a scholarship holder of the Socrates-Erasmus program at the Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 (2007–2008) and a scholarship holder of the Government of the French Republic (2010–2012).
In 2015, he obtained the degree of doctor of humanities upon the thesis on Polish emigration in France between 1944–1949, supervised by Wojciech Rojek and Oivier Forcade.
His research interests include the social and political history of Poland and France in the 20th century, the history and sociology of immigration, and the history of refugees.
The British shot put athletics champions covers four competitions; the current British Athletics Championships which was founded in 2007, the preceding AAA Championships (1880-2006), the Amateur Athletic Club Championships (1866-1879) and finally the UK Athletics Championships which existed from 1977 until 1997 and ran concurrently with the AAA Championships.
Where an international athlete won the AAA Championships the highest ranking UK athlete is considered the National Champion in this list.
Sport Club Popești-Leordeni, commonly known as SC Popești-Leordeni, or simply as Popești-Leordeni, is a Romanian football club based in Popești-Leordeni, Ilfov County.
Eventually, the club found another solution and in 2013 merged with newly promoted club Gloria Cornești, which was absorbed by CS, the new entity being named Gloria Popești-Leordeni.
In the first year of existence, SC Popești-Leordeni played its home matches on Viscofil Stadium, in Popești-Leordeni, with a capacity of 3,000 people, then moving on Inter Gaz Stadium, after its renovation.
Dr. James D Brenton is a clinician scientist and Senior Group Leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge.
He is an Honorary Consultant in Medical Oncology at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Ovarian Cancer Domain Lead for the 100,000 Genomes Project by Genomics England, and Co-Founder and Clinical Advisor to Inivata Ltd, a clinical cancer genomics company.
Dr Brenton studied Medicine at University College London, graduating in 1988, and trained in Medical Oncology at the Royal Marsden Hospital and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto.
He completed his PhD at the Gurdon Institute before attaining a Senior Clinical Research Fellowship for his work at the MRC Cancer Unit.
In 2007 he became a Senior Group Leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, leading the Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer laboratory.
His team discovered a ubiquitous TP53 mutation in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common form of ovarian cancer, which was adopted as a critical marker for diagnosing HGSOC by the World Health Organisation.
In 2015, his team was the first to measure the tumour heterogeneity in a solid tumour and link this to cancer survival, finding that HGSOC was more deadly if it consisted of a patchwork of different groups of cells.
In 2018, Brenton published the first national effort to investigate cancer evolution in HGSOC, discovering seven distinct genetic patterns that could predict disease behaviour in response to treatment.
The Siege of Najaf was an engagement between the British army and local rebels in the city of Najaf during World War I.
The city had fallen under the control of four sheikhs in 1915 after an anti-Ottoman uprising, and was put under British control in 1917.
The British subsequently laid siege to the city on 23 March, denying access to food and water before the city ultimately surrendered on 4 May 1918.
Following the Ottoman defeat in the Battle of Shaiba in mid-April 1915, the Ottoman authority in the eyes of Mesopotamian Arabs had been shattered.
In the city of Najaf, locals felt confident enough to begin directly challenging local Ottoman authority, and were ready for an open revolt.
After a 3-day long gun battle, the Ottoman governor in Baghdad negotiated the safe withdrawal of the soldiers stationed in the city.
According to the second account, a survivor of the Battle of Shaiba, Karim al Haji Sa'ad, entered the town, which was under martial law at the time, with 30 men through a hole in the wall and resisted Ottoman attempts to retake Najaf for 24 hours, before help allowed him to secure the city, leading the Ottoman troops present to withdraw.
Charles R. H. Tripp notes that although the revolt was anti-Ottoman in a broad sense, the uprising was not in support of the British war effort and instead intended to grant the city higher administrative autonomy.
In either case, the rebels had secured for themselves an independent city under the rule of 4 different sheikhs of the Zuqurt and Shumurt: Saiyid Mahdi al Saivid Salman, Haji ‘Atiyah Abu Qulal, Kadhim Subhi and Haji Sa‘ad ibn Haji Radhi.
All sources agree that the British captured Najaf in 1917, but disagree on the details: According to Abbas Kadhim, Najaf's independence ended in July 1917 when the British appointed captain Francis Balfour as political officer for Shamiyya and Najaf.
According to Keiko Sakai, the pro-British Anaza tribe migrated to the vicinity of Najaf in October 1917, and when they were attacked by the Najafis for refusing to pay taxes, the British sent a force to directly assume control.
In early January 1918, a small number of British troops arrived in Kufa, which likely led the Najafi sheikhs to believe they were hard-pressed in other fronts.
In mid-January, a British cavalry patrol was fired on by Najafis, and when the British demanded an explanation on 14 January, the Najafi sheikhs instead began attacking British posts and troops in Najaf, marking the start of an open revolt.
Since the sheikhs were unable to mobilize popular support in Najaf, the British were able to swiftly recapture the city on 19 January, ending the first revolt.
However, tensions between Arabs and the British rose as it became increasingly clear that the British were aiming to occupy, not liberate, Iraq.
A bazaar trader named Haji Najm al-Baqqal, who was a major member of the organization, hoped that a daring act of violence would provoke the entire city, or possibly even the entire country into an open revolt against Britain.
In the morning of 19 March 1918, a number of Najafis led by Haji Najm al-Baqqal disguised as Shabanah, the British-paid Arab police, entered the citadel of Najaf where they murdered Captain W. M. Marshall, who had been stationed in the city since 1 February 1918.
They were subsequently driven out of the citadel by members of the Punjabi guard, who then found themselves besieged by members of Jam'iya al-Nahda al-Islamiya.
British Captain Francis Balfour, stationed in Kufah, responded by evacuating half the police, while the other half sought refuge in al Saivid Salman's house.
On 23 March, 4 days after the uprising began, the British began to besiege the city, surrounding the city with barbed wire.
The Najafis took possession of a group of mounds, collectively known as Tel Huwaysh, and manned the city walls and bastions with troops armed mainly with abandoned Turkish rifles.
Over the next 2 weeks, sporadic rifle fire was exchanged between the British and Najafi forces while the siege was increasingly tightened.
On 7 April, the British launched a large artillery barrage and captured the Huwaish mounds dominating the town with 2 Indian battalions and evacuated officials.
A new uprising in 1920 would be much larger in scope and duration, but would nonetheless still be ultimately suppressed by the British.
This is part of a nationalist narrative of early-modern Iraqi history that seeks to place major events under an all-encompassing drive towards Iraqi independence.
To support his view, he notes that the initial Najafi demands to the British did not contain any mention of Iraq.
The first legal provision restricting the professional existence of the German-blooded partner in a mixed marriage was enacted on 30 June 1933 and concerned prospective civil servants.
On 6 September 1933, the General Synod of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union passed a church law concerning the legal relations of clergy and church officials.
At the end of 1938, the Reichsärzteführer determined until further notice that no German who was married to a Jewish woman or a Jewish half-breed could be appointed as a doctor.
In October 1944, Heinrich Himmler then ordered all men of the groups defined as such, who were fit for service, to be transferred within three days to construction battalions of the Organisation Todt.
On November 2, 1985, Wade Tillman is in Hoboken, New Jersey when the psychic wave from the sudden appearance of a giant squid in New York City strikes.
Laurie informs Wade she bugged his desk and overheard Wade talking to Angela about a bottle of pills and needs to know what he tells Angela.
Wade is lured to an abandoned building by the Seventh Kavalry, where he finds the set of the church in the videos and the Kavalry testing a teleportation device.
One Kavalry member reveals himself as Senator Joe Keene Jr. Joe explains both he and Judd Crawford led different parts of the Kavalry to keep them in check, and coerces Wade to learn from Angela what she knows of Judd's murderer.
The video, made by Adrian Veidt on November 1, 1985, explains his staging of the squid attack to future President Robert Redford, and his need for the President's help in some long-term plan.
At the station, he brings Angela to his desk to return the pills and tell her what they are, and asks her what she knows about Judd's death.
Meanwhile, Adrian Veidt is assisted by his clones of Phillips and Crookshanks into a survival suit tied to a lifeline, and then launched by catapult out of his prison.
The episode opens with the climatic scene from the limited series of the 1985 appearance of the giant squid in New York City, which killed millions from the psychic blast from its arrival.
Damon Lindelof, the series' showrunner and writer, wanted the television series to bring to life some of the limited series' imagery, including the aftermath of the squid attack, before production started.
The sequence ends on a pull-back from Hoboken to downtown New York City, which used a mixed of practical and special effects.
The scenes set in Hoboken were filmed in Atlanta, while the rest was computer generated imagery to show the chaos of the blast.
The size of the squid was not clear from the limited series as it only appears in a few panels, but Lindelof wanted the creature to be as tall as a five-story building.
The effects team took much of the imagery from the limited series to incorporate into this sequence, such as tentacles from the squid appearing embedded in buildings, while keeping it to a realistic look.
With the squid sequence planned, Lindelof came onto the idea that it would have long-lasting emotional effects on people like PTSD, which would have been a necessary element of Veidt's plan to prevent the nations from regressing back to a nuclear war long after the event.
This led to the creation of Wade Tillman/Looking Glass as a person that continued to suffer from the PTSD of the squid attack.
Lindelof used fear as a major theme behind Looking Glass's character, not only in reaction to the squid attack, but as well as the trauma he suffered from being caught in a compromising sexual situation just prior to it, compounded by the squid attack.
Lindelof created that situation based his own experiences from when he was a teenager, having been scared about sex knowing others of his age were far more confident about it.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has an approval rating of 100% with an average score of 8.89 out of 10, based on 28 reviews.
In its original broadcast in the United States on HBO, the episode received 752,000 viewers, which was an increase from the previous week.
Jennie Van Name Hughes was from Ocean Grove, New Jersey, the daughter of George Hughes (1823-1904) and Abby Townley Van Name Hughes.
Her older sister Eliza Ann Hughes Davis was also a missionary in China, her older sister Mary Ernsberger was a missionary in India, and her older brother George Mead Hughes was a Methodist minister.
Hughes went to China as a missionary in 1905, commissioned by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church to teach in Jiujiang.
She worked with Shi Meiyu (Mary Stone), and the two traveled to the United States together in 1907 for Stone's health.
Hughes was in the United States from 1910 to 1912, for the Woman's MIssionary Society's jubilee celebrations, touring with other American women missionaries to speak at events in different cities, including Pittsburgh Washington, D.C., and Oakland.
In 1915 Hughes and Stone were injured in a car accident in La Jolla, California, and stayed in the United States into 1916 to recover.
After another leave and lecture tour in the United States in 1919, the pair left the Methodist mission at Jiujiang in 1920, over a disagreement about doctrine.
In 1939 they moved to Pasadena, California with their three adopted daughters, Mary, Grace, and Norma, and two other girls, Loretta Soong and Eileen Chen Lin.
Dum Dum Park is a locality in South Dumdum Municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Dum Dum Park is a planned area with straight and wide roads, multiple water tanks have become a coveted neighbourhood in greater Kolkata.
Dum Dum Park is surrounded by Bangur Avenue in the South, Prafulla Kanan (Kestopur and Salt Lake across the VIP Road) in the east, Shyamnagar and Amarpally in the north.
Aditya Academy at Amarpally is at 1km distance.Patipukur Railway Station, Bidhannagar Road and Dum Dum railway station, Kolkata Railway Station are railway stations close to Dum Dum Park.
It was earlier known as Krishnapur Refugee Colony, which started as a refugee colony to settle the migrants who came to India immediately after the Independence of India.
The Hayward Indian Boarding School, located in Hayward, Wisconsin, was established on September 1, 1901 as a school predominantly for the Chippewa (Ojibwe) of the Lac Courte Oreille Reservation.
In 1923, it housed a total of 1309 individuals: 251 boys under age 20, 232 girls under age 17, 386 men aged 20 and over, and 440 women aged 17 years and older (see Student Population 1923 table).
Overpopulation, poor sanitary conditions, unclean water, inconsistent heating, and imperfect sewage and ventilation systems caused diseases to be common among students.
Unwillingly, Native Americans were compelled to leave behind the ideas of their own beliefs and to learn the ideas of Christianity.
One of the first steps to start the assimilation process was students were forced to cut their hair and change their names.
The purpose of the school was not just to teach students a skilled trade but was also a way to teach students Christian morals and beliefs.
In 1887, the United States government planned to establish a boarding school on the Oneida reservation as an incentive for the Oneida Nation to accept the subdivision of land according to the Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887.
The school prohibited students from speaking their native language, so students who did not understand any English hid from supervisors to speak freely and avoid whippings.
Due to financial issues, the school closed in 1918, despite the protest of some Oneida parents who wanted to maintain formal US government educational opportunities for their children.
Later in 1924, the school was purchased by the Catholic Diocese of Green Bay, and it reopened as a boarding school for both boys and girls, named the Guardian Angel Boarding School.
The Oneidas earned total ownership of the school site in 1984 when the Catholic Diocese sold the buildings to the Oneida Nation, which were then renamed as the Norbert Hill Center.
Sent to Oneida in 1892 by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to oversee the construction of the buildings, Charles F. Pierce was the first superintendent of the Oneida Government Boarding school and held the position from 1893 to 1899.
His wife supervised five teachers at the school: Lucy P. Hart, Alice Cornelius, Mary E. Bonifant, Mary M. Shirk, and Moses E. King.
Under Hart’s watch, boys were taught agricultural skills such as gardening, maintaining livestock, and using tools; while girls were taught domestic tasks like cooking, cleaning, and other household chores.
As an extension of the boarding school system, Native American students were encouraged to work in the household of white families during the summer.
This practice was meant to promote further assimilation into Euro-American culture and prevent Native Americans from participating in their culture while they were not in school .
The work they completed for white families was often related to farming, and students would do tasks such as tending to crops and livestock.
In addition to the Americanization of the Oneida children, the Outing System was meant to discipline students and breaking the rules implemented by many families led to severe punishments, such as whipping.
This strict lifestyle change forced the students to quickly adapt to their new environments, thus preventing them from being exposed to their culture.
The Menominee Indian boarding school, also known as Saint Joseph’s Indian Industrial school, was an American Indian boarding school located in Wisconsin.
According to the 1932 statistical report, school lands took up four-hundred-forty acres of land out of a total of five-hundred-five acres under jurisdiction by the agency.
Despite the great effort by the Franciscan Order, the school ended up following typical trends in that the Indian Office stopped allowing religious figures to teach in the schools while beginning to follow the strict education plan created by Richard Pratt.
When forced to live on the Menominee reservation around 1852, the Menominee tribal members tried to adapt to a new way of life, but they found the advice from the federal officials ineffective.
The Menominee were interested in the US State government education system and were willing to try agriculture and education if the US federal government would end the harsh life forced upon them by being restricted on a small reservation.
By 1870, the US federal government regularly began to provide education funding for tribal reservations, even when no treaty stipulations required it to do so.
Over the next decade, the issues that arose between the Menominee Nation and the U.S officials over the implementation of boarding schools had some sort of religious component to them.
After a U.S. federal government inspector visited the reservation in the summer of 1876, they recommended a manual labor boarding school in Keshena, Wisconsin, so the government then decided to found a school that would fulfill what was envisioned.
When the school first opened, the priest on the reservation said he would expel any church members who decided to send their children to the government schools because he did not support the idea of boarding schools and having kids adopt to the American lifestyle.
This then changed when the priest was told that he would not be able to allowed to exercise his practices of being a priest for the Native Americans.
In order to remain in the reserve, the priest no longer persecuted and excommunicated parents from his church which lead to 102 students signing up for school, with an average attendance of 76 students.
The tribe then approved of spending six thousand dollars to construct a new building, which in time would begin a new era in Menominee schooling which would last well into the twentieth century.
As a result, an increased number of Menominee children attended boarding schools, but most did so on the reservation in Keshena rather than at an off-reservation school.
At the same time, as a mission school, Saint Joseph’s was experiencing significant financial trouble due to a clause added in 1897 to the federal Indian appropriations bill that forbade government funding from going towards non-secular schools.
These two developments combined to put Saint Joseph’s in a tight financial situation as they were forced to take in more Native American students than they could afford.
In 1897, the government permitted the school to tap into the Menominee logging fund which was a trust held by the government that contained money owed to the Menominee people.
However, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs insisted that the school send around a yearly petition that stated that they wanted this money to be disbursed to the school, rather than the original per-capita plan.
Another one of the objections was that the initial wording of the petition suggested that those who signed the petition would receive a reduced disbursement.
School administrators would also attempt to get the needed signatures by refusing to bury or threatening to excommunicate those who did not sign.
Over the years, Saint Joseph’s would become a landmark that the Menominee's favored, with Father Engelhard writing in 1933 that they had unanimous support in the community.
In 1933, the Menominee tribe petitioned the federal government and the new presidential administration for Saint Joseph’s to be merged with the government boarding school, finding it easier to work with Saint Joseph’s than the Indian Agency.
Following the merger, a Menominee Catholic, Ralph Fredenberg, was appointed as an Indian agent in 1934 by Commissioner for the Office of Indian Affairs, John Collier.
However, tensions grew between Fredenberg and Saint Joseph’s as Fredenberg advocated a transition from literary education to vocational education, as well as a transition from compulsory attendance to attendance based on demonstrated usefulness.
In 1937, the school was inspected, and it was found that they had not done enough to comply with the shifts recommended by Fredenberg.
The school failed to comply with inspection recommendations, and in 1941 action was taken, and Father Engelhard was replaced by Father Benno Tushaus.
In 1945, Father Benno Tushaus attempted to address one of the issues raised by the inspection by requesting a school bus to pick up students who lived far from the school.
He cited a shortage of teachers as the official reasoning, but later admitted that it was due to the fact that the Menominee no longer needed boarding schools.
When the focus of boarding schools was the assimilation of Native Americans into American culture, the schools served a clear purpose.
The Tomah Indian Industrial School, which opened in 1893, was a non-reservation boarding school in Wisconsin located along a main railroad that connected Chicago, Milwaukee and St.Paul.
As the first school of its kind to exist in Wisconsin, it was esteemed for its literary education and religious influences.
This was done by placing more advanced students on nearby farms to perform manual labor while at the same time allowing students to better their English.
Subjects that were offered in the school included religious practices, social life, music, athletics, and military training, and the level of education went through 8th grade excluding kindergarten.
By the end of the school year, each girl in the sewing class would be able to take a piece of cloth and make a dress for any child without any help.
Examples of how these goals were achieved included religious conversions, celebrations of US federal holidays, attending regular church services, learning patriotic and folk music, giving different names to the children, and learning English.
The school was well-liked by the US Department of The Interior, and many Native Americans of that era who lived near the school wished their children to attend in order to provide them with a formal American-style education.
He joined the Socialist Youth Federation in 1920, becoming active in the anti-fascist movement, and by 1923 was serving on the federation's national committee.
In 1925, Novella undertook national service with the military, but he continued his political activities, and as a result spent time in military prison.
He was discharged the following year, and became a leading supporter of Gramsci, serving on the central committee of the Italian Communist Youth Federation (FGCI).
In November, he was sentenced to four years in prison in absentia, but he evaded capture until the middle of 1927.
He undertook numerous missions for the group, also serving on the executive of the Communist Youth International, and studying at the Tolmačev School in Leningrad, and Sverdlov Communist University.
Novella was arrested in 1942, but the Vichy regime was unaware of his true identity, and so he was soon released.
From 1945, he served on the Italian Communist Party (PCd'I)'s central committee, and in 1946, he was elected to the assembly of the Province of Genoa.
Novella worked as the PCd'I's regional secretary for Liguria, then Lombardy, then from 1948 was the principal organiser of the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL).
From 1955, he was the leader of the Federation of Metallurgical Workers, then in 1958, he was elected as general secretary of CGIL.
In 1970, CGIL voted to separate its leadership from that of the PCd'I; Novella chose to retain his position on the central committee of the party, and resigned as the federation's secretary.
The area is associated with the TV sitcom ‘Last Of The Summer Wine’, which was filmed in Holmfirth and the surrounding areas.
The reservoir has a picnic area, two free car parks and there are also some benches around the lake that provide a quiet place of reflection.
There are two main walking routes, the long walking route is 5 miles and goes as far as Blackpool Bridge in Holmfirth.
The shorter route is an easy circular Peak District walk around the reservoirs, which starts at the car park at the North Eastern end of the reservoir, off Gibriding Lane.
It leads around to the North End of the reservoir on Kirklees Way, passing by Bilberry reservoir through to Digley Wood on the southern side of the water, before returning to the car park using Fieldhead Lane.
Architectural Histories is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing historically grounded research into all aspects of architecture and the built environment, since 2013.
The MAI-60 (; English: Snowflake) was an FAI Standard Class, single seat sailplane designed and built in the USSR in the early 1960s.
The Snezhinka was a prototype single seat, standard class ( wingspan) sailplane with a largely traditional wooden structure but with PVC foam filler strengthening.
Its high aspect ratio, mid-set, straight tapered wings had a laminar aerofoil and were built around a single, wide box spar.
Its cockpit was ahead of and over the wing leading edge, with its pilot in a semi-reclined seat under a single-piece, jettisonable canopy which ran smoothly into the raised rear fuselage.
Testing over 1961-2 showed that the flight characteristics were poor, with directional instabilities and a need for large pitch inputs, and that its spin behaviour was unsual.
It was not the first, nor the only riverboat casino at the time in the Quad Cities; the Diamond Lady began operating April 1, 1991 in Bettendorf, while The President sailed from Davenport, Iowa and Jumer's Casino was working out of Rock Island, Illinois.
In March 2000, Lady Luck Gaming was acquired by Isle of Capri Casinos and the casino was re-branded to reflect the change in ownership.
The British discus athletics champions covers three competitions; the current British Athletics Championships which was founded in 2007, the preceding AAA Championships (1914-2006) and the UK Athletics Championships which existed from 1977 until 1997 and ran concurrently with the AAA Championships.
Where an international athlete won the AAA Championships the highest ranking UK athlete is considered the National Champion in this list.
It is fielded by the Georgian Football Federation (), the governing body of football in Georgia, and competes as a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), which encompasses the countries of Europe.
As hundreds of players have played for the team since it started officially registering its players in 1990, only players with 10 or more official caps are included.
Georgi Nemsadze became the first Georgian international to reach 10 caps, doing so on 26 June 1994 in a 3–1 win against Latvia.
Midfielder Levan Kobiashvili holds the record for most caps, appearing in 100 of official games for Georgia between 1996 and 2011.
Defender Zurab Khizanishvili had the longest national team career with Georgia, making his 92 appearances over 16-year period between 1999 and 2015.
The goalscoring record is held by forward Shota Arveladze, scoring 26 times in 61 matches between 1992 and 2007, including two hat-tricks.
He writes warmly of his childhood memories, and how his family, friends and relatives were closely integrated into the discipline of the textile mills that provided most of the population with employment.
Aspin attended Helmshore Council School and, after a period during the war when he was often seriously ill, he passed a scholarship examination and started at Haslingden Grammar School in 1944.
Here he was able to see the international professionals who played for the club as part of the Lancashire Cricket League, which gradually became an important part of his life.
Aspin acted as the Secretary of Haslingden Cricket Club for over 40 years, and has a suite named after him at the club.
After school Aspin undertook National Service in the RAF and, on completing this, he formed Helmshore Local History Society with his friend Derek Pilkington.
During the 1960s, with Derek Pilkington and others, he helped with the transition of Higher Mill, Helmshore, into its current role as Higher Mill Textile Museum.
Throughout his writing Aspin has returned over and over to the ways in which Haslingden and Helmshore have changed and developed over the last century.
Many of his books record the coming and going of the mills, which once dominated the skyline; the switch from railway to motorway; and the changes of the last half century, which have made both Haslingden and Helmshore popular residential areas for people working in Manchester and other large towns.
Aspin's research in the 1970s on poverty in working-class Salford, Manchester and elsewhere in Lancashire led to the journalist Stanley Graham's writings on cholera and sanitation in the slums.
He has also authored, sometimes in partnership with another local historian, John Simpson, several books of historic photographs of the district.
As well as his writings on local and textile history and heritage, Aspin has written a number of short books for children young people.
During his later years he has also has written booklets of ghosts and hauntings (typically taking place within Rossendale), and is a member of the Society for Psychical Research.
Wynne-Jones was part of a team that excavated Songo Mnare, a stone town in Tanzania which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Her work at Unguja Ukuu, an archaeological site on the island of Zanzibar, with Jeffrey Fleischer pushed back the dating of the site to the eighth century, deepening its history.
With Jason Hawkes, she has explored the lapidary trade in the east African coast and suggested that trade with India began in the first millennium AD.
This project explored the built environment of the kiSwahili coast to further understanding of the area's past, both locally and globally.
She has advocated for greater depth in understanding of how coastal communities interact with sites and objects relating to their heritage.
Several eminent musicians have chaired the Association in the past, including Christopher Page, Peter Holman (currently President) and the late Clifford Bartlett.
A conference on 'The future of early music in Britain' was held on 14-16 May 1977 in the Waterloo Room of the Royal Festival Hall, London.
More than 180 delegates took part representing performers, scholars, instrument-makers, publishers, libraries, festivals, broadcasters, societies, retailers, journals, record companies, concert agencies, museums, archives and schools.
NEMA's publications bring the most important new scholarship to practising early musicians, and keep its readers up to date with the latest news from the world of Historically Informed Performance [HIP].
The NEMA Early Music Database includes a Register section of individual performers, a Directory of information about societies, music publishers, providers of performing material, concert promoters and artists' agents, record companies, early music fairs, courses and summer schools, and a Buyers'Guide to some 600 makers of early musical instruments worldwide, giving details of instrument types offered for sale.
The aim of each Early Music Forum is to promote the playing and singing of early music (mainly pre-1750) and to promote historical awareness in doing so.
The Fora were a formative influence on present members of the NEMA council, with Francis Knights attending the founding meeting of the Eastern Early Music Forum.
The World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) purchased WCW in 2001 and acquired their intellectual property, including the trademark for Bash at the Beach.
Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
Andre Gingrich (born 12 September 1952) is an Austrian ethnologist and anthropologist, member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute for Social Anthropology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and retired professor at the University of Vienna.
Andre Gingrich since 1998 to 2017 has been a full professor at the Institute of Cultural and Social Anthropology at the University of Vienna.
He obtained both his doctoral degree (1979) in social anthropology (together with studies in sociology, Arabic, and Middle Eastern history) and his habilitation (1990) at Vienna University.
His research interests include anthropology and history of south-western Arabia (Saudi Arabia and Yemen), theories and methods in anthropology, the history of anthropology, personal identity, gender studies, ethnicity theory, paradox, globalization, nationalism, practice and experience of ethnographic fieldwork and intercultural and comparative analyzes of Arabic sources in ethnological and historical interpretation.
He is a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (since 2007), full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and member of the Board of the Austrian Orient Society Hammer-Purgstall.
She was a founder of VANGUARD a magazine designed to give space to young, black, South African women interested in how queer identities, pan-Africanism and Black Consciousness intersect.
She has written on the complexities of identity dismantling the notion of a colourblind, post-Apartheid South Africa, through a reclamation of the term 'coconut'.
Her 2019 essay 'Why I'm No Longer Talking to Nigerians About Race' discussed her experience at the Aké Arts and Book Festival on a panel discussing whether Black Lives Matter is relevant in Africa.
Her focus on strong female characters living in economic precarity has been explored in terms of their religious beliefs and the reflection they may give to contemporary life.
She studied at University of the Witwatersand, whilst there she was part of the 'Transform Wits Movement' which called for significant changes to southern Africa's universities.
As part of her doctoral study at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, she has written about the Rhodes Must Fall protests she witnessed at University of the Witwatersrand.
The casino opened June 30, 2007, after significant lobbying by the Black Hawk County Gaming Association to bring a casino to this area of the state.
The casino hosts over 1,000 slot machines, 25 table games, and sports betting through a partnership with William Hill Sports Book in its 37,442 square feet.
Trifonia Melibea Obono (born 27 November 1982 in Afaetom, Evinayong, Equatorial Guinea) is a novelist, political scientist, academic and LGBTQI+ activist.
Obono has a degree in Political Science & Journalism awarded by the University of Murcia and later studied there for an MA in International Development.
She is a professor in the Department of Social Sciences at the UNGE (National University of Equatorial Guinea) in Malabo, as well as teaching since 2013 in the Afro-Hispanic Studies Center of the UNED.
Her work is also concerned with legacies of Spanish colonisation in Africa and she is an expert on the history of 'Spanish Guinea'.
She has written about the taboos that mean that homosexuality is not discussed in her country and uses her global platforms to call these out as false.
The 2007–08 NCAA Division III men's ice hockey season began on October 19, 2007 and concluded on March 23 of the following year.
The MCHA added two teams for this season, bringing its membership above the minimum required (seven) to receive an automatic bid for the NCAA tournament.
In order to receive the bid, the MCHA announced that all of its members must be Division III programs after the 2009 season.
She then joined the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Calgary as a reporter before moving to take the same role with CFTO-DT in Toronto.
In 2000, she moved to the United States to join WEWS-TV, an ABC affiliate in Cleveland, Ohio, where she was the station's special investigative consumer reporter and anchor.
Lau joined Bloomberg TV in 2008 in its Chicago bureau, where she covered markets and business stories from the Chicago Board of Trade.
At Bloomberg, Lau interviewed newsmakers and CEOs, including the exclusive with billionaire Li Ka-shing — his first television one-on-one in more than a decade — as well as notable figures such as Victoria Beckham, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink, British fashion designer Sir Paul Smith, and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
She has interviewed leading figures in blockchain including Vitalik Buterin of Ethereum, Joseph Lubin of ConsenSys & Ethereum, Changpeng Zhao of Binance, and Arthur Hayes of BitMEX.
She serves as an officer on the Executive Committee Canadian Chamber of Commerce of Hong Kong and is a former two-term President and now senior board member of Asian American Journalists Association Asia Chapter.
In 2019, she spoke at Forbes Women’s Summit, Mobile World Congress Shanghai, Catalonia Investment Forum, OECD’s Blockchain Policy Forum Summit, Paris Blockchain Week Summit, Hong Kong Blockchain Week, Asia Blockchain Summit, and Digital Journalism Summit.
Yeltsin Delfino Álvarez Castro (born in 2 November 1994), is a Guatemalan professional football player who plays for Cobán Imperial and the Guatemalan national team.
In 16 November 2019, Álvarez scored his first goal for Guatemala against Puerto Rico in a 5-0 victory promoting his team to League B in the CONCACAF Nations League.
Bent Stumpe (born 12 September, 1938, Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish electronic engineer who spent most of his career at the international research laboratory CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
Stumpe built in 1972, following an idea launched by Frank Beck, a capacitive touchscreen for controlling CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator.
In 1973 Beck and Stumpe published a CERN report, outlining the concept for a prototype touchscreen as well as a multi-function computer-configurable knob.
Leaving the Air Force, Stumpe was employed from 1959–1961 at the Danish radio and television factory before he was employed by CERN from 1961 until 2003..
In combination with his activities at CERN, Stumpe was a consultant to the World Health Organization working on the development of an instrument for the early detection of Leprosy.
He distinguished himself as a collector and recorder of Hungarian folk songs, and as the founder of the Music Conservatory in Budapest(1840).
He has developed an interest in cars from an early age, reminiscing how his father let him steer the car sitting on his knee at the age of five.
Billy studied commerce in University College Cork, but preferred farming as his occupation, and undertook it full time after finishing up his racing career.
Billy won the special stage in this tatty looking self-prepared green Ford Escort Mark I (TIU 250) ahead of the works Ford Escort of Roger Clark.
Billy became famous in for his rallying skills all over Ireland as well as Britain, dominating the rallies in the 70s and 80s.
In his racing career Billy Coleman drove Ford Cortina, Ford Escort, Alpine-Renault, Lancia Stratos, Fiat-Abarth 131, Opel Manta 400, Porsche 911, Porsche 959, MG Metro 6R4 and BMW M3.
Billy's two sons Robby Coleman and Gordon Coleman are also taking part in Irish and British racing events, with full their father's support.
The aim of the award is to motivate young Irish rally drivers to step up into the international arena and rival the achievements of the young Billy Coleman.
Irish-American billionaire, philanthropist, life-long motorsports supporter John Campion attributes much of his motivation to succeed to Billy Coleman's incredible achievements as a rally driver.
John supported the launch of the Team Ireland Foundation in Dublin in 2016, where in his speech he said:As a young boy in Cork I found myself struggling with school and at a loss as to what I would do with my life.
But I always felt a bond with motorsport after witnessing Billy Coleman, a farmer who became a world rallying icon, competing near my home in Cork.
John Campion emigrated to United States with $25 in his pocket to become the chairman and the CEO of an international energy corporation, and a philanthropist focusing on health, education and nutrition as well as sponsor of racing drivers through the his motorsports organization CJJ Motorsports.
In his possession John has a collection of Lancia rally cars, inspired by Lancia Stratos HF driven by Billy Coleman in 1978.
Between his active racing years 1968 to 1987 Billy Coleman started in 128 national and international rally events and claimed 29 victories.
The 2020 Women's Youth World Handball Championship (U-18) will be the eighth edition of the tournament and takes place in China from 18 to 30 August 2018.
The is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type on order by the private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway in Japan.
Helen Mayerlin Maolo Gosálvez (born 23 December 1988) is a Bolivian footballer who plays as a centre back for Mundo Futuro.
The United States Library War Council was founded in 1917 by the American Library Association as part of the Library War Service.
Its aim was to raise funds as well as solicit books donations so that American troops overseas during WWI could avail themselves of library services while serving the country.
Various articles appeared in newspapers in magazines drawing attention to the cause and enlisting the public's interest in the education of soldiers.
The movement was headed by various chairmen such as Frank A. Vanderlip (1919), a banker, journalist, and former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, and Everett Perry (1917), Head Librarian of the Los Angeles Central Library, in charge of the Southwestern Division.
The 1938 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1938 college football season.
In its second season under head coach Williams Newton, the team compiled a 3–7–1 record (3–3–1 against SoCon opponents) and was outscored by a total of 100 to 59.
Erna Rahbek Pedersen (born 6 October 1926) is a Danish archer who represented Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in archery.
Prime Time was a band formed by Ornette Coleman in 1975 featuring two electric guitarists, two drummers, and occasionally two electric bassists alongside Coleman's saxophone.
In 2017, two years after Ornette Coleman's death, his son Denardo reunited Prime Time for a concert at Alice Tully Hall in tribute to Ornette Coleman and Bern Nix.
Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 31E (US 31E) in Louisville and its northern terminus is at US 42 in Louisville.
Lyrics for the songs are displayed on-screen with the font color changing as the audience is meant to sing the lyric.
The 2019–20 Miami FC season was the club's first season playing in the National Independent Soccer Association, a newly established third division soccer league in the United States, and first professional season since 2017.
The team then competed in the fall portion of the NISA season, between September and November of 2019, before leaving the league and joining the second division USL Championship.
Following the cancellation of the 2018 NASL season, Miami FC began play in the National Premier Soccer League, a semi-pro league affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA), and won its national title in both 2018 and 2019.
In mid-2019, it was announced that the team would re-join professional soccer in the newly established National Independent Soccer Association (NISA).
On December 11, former USL Championship club Ottawa Fury FC announced that it had transferred its franchise rights to the Miami FC ownership group, and the club would begin competition in the league beginning with the 2020 season.
Miami became the second NISA team to cease league play during an on-going season after Philadelphia Fury went on hiatus after one game earlier in 2019.
He was the Founder and Chairman of Fumman Nigeria, an indigenous conglomerate with interests in Manufacturing, Chemicals, Agric and Agro Allied business sectors.
Adeyemi, a Yoruba ethnic Christian from Ogbomoso, Oyo State was born into the family of Timothy Adisa Adeyemi and Deborah Adunni Adeyemi in the City of Lagos.
He had his primary education at Igbo ora High School and afterwards progressed to Olivet Baptist High School for his Higher Secondary School Education and proceeded on to the University of Lagos where he graduated with a honors degree in Business Administration in 1974.
After graduation from the University of Lagos, Adeyemi worked in the Nigerian Customs and PZ industries before venturing out to follow his dreams and set up Fumman Nigeria Limited in 1981.
Adeyemi started FUMMAN on September 1981 with N424 (Four Hundred and Twenty Four Naira) and a focus on industrial watered chemicals which offers cleaning services and chemical solutions to industries, before moving into the agricultural sector with Fumman Agricultural Products Industries Limited in 1995 after the purchase of Lafia Canning Factory.
Adeyemi represented the African, Pacific and Caribbean countries during the Agro-Industry event of 2002 which was sponsored by the European Union and the ADB.
In 2010, Adeyemi moved the agricultural arm of Fumman to cover a wider region of Nigeria and other parts of West Africa.
In 2013 he was selected as one of the panelists at the 19th Nigerian Economic Summit to identify ways of building a commodities exchange to expand agricultural markets.
He was known for his Christian faith and was a devout Baptist Christian until his death on October 30, 2019 at the age of 69 in Lagos, Nigeria.
This is a list of memorials, honors, and awards to George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States.
It was dedicated on November 6, 1997, and opened to the public shortly thereafter; the architectural firm of Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum designed the complex.
Bush Presidential Library is located on a site on the west campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, on a plaza adjoining the Presidential Conference Center and the Texas A&M Academic Center.
The Bush School of Government and Public Service is a graduate public policy school at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, which was established in 1995.
The graduate school is part of the presidential library complex, and offers four programs — two master's degree programs (Public Service and Administration, and International Affairs) and three certificate programs (Advanced International Affairs, Nonprofit Management, and Homeland Security).
Bush is commemorated on a postage stamp issued by the United States Postal Service on June 12, 2019 at a first day ceremony held at the George H.W.
While stamps honoring deceased individuals are customarily issued only after three years have passed since the death of the person, guidance by the U.S. Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee advises that stamps honoring deceased presidents should be issued as soon as possible.
In 1991, the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Bush its Lone Sailor award for his naval service and his subsequent government service.
In 2009, he received the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame two years later.
In 2004, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation presented the Profile in Courage Award to Bush and Mount Vernon awarded him its first Cyrus A. Ansary Prize.
The Ansary prize was presented in Houston with Ansary, Barbara Lucas, Ryan C. Crocker, dean of the Bush school since January 2010, Barbara Bush, and Curt Viebranz in attendance with the former president.
Bush directed $50,000 of the prize to the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University, and $25,000 to fund an animation about the Siege of Yorktown for Mount Vernon.
Before moving to Dedham, he purchased a large estate to use as his home and did not receive a house lot, as other settlers did.
It is suspected that this was because Nathaniel had given Richards more grandsons and thus would be in a better position to transmit the family name down through successively more prosperous generations.
The Boston University-Maine men's ice hockey rivalry is a college hockey rivalry between the Boston University Terriers and the Maine Black Bears in the Hockey East conference.
The rivalry was born out of fierce on-ice competition between the two schools, especially in the 1990s and early 2000s, as the two schools were routinely at the top of the Hockey East standings and battled each other for conference supremacy.
In the early years of Maine's program, the rivalry was one-sided and had not yet truly formed, as Boston University dominated Maine on the ice, defeating them 13 consecutive times between 1984 and 1986, one of the worst losing streaks to a single opponent in Maine's history.
Once legendary Black Bears coach Shawn Walsh took over the program, however, the tides started to turn, and Maine began to make up ground.
One notable meeting between the teams occurred on February 19, 1993, at Alfond Arena in Orono, home of the Black Bears.
Midway through the third period, Maine was leading by a score of 6-2, and it appeared they would cruise to another easy victory.
However, the Terriers would rally, and manage to score four unanswered third period goals to tie the game at 6-6 and send it to overtime.
In the overtime period, Terriers forward Mike Prendergast would get a breakaway from center ice and proceed to score the game-winning goal for the Terriers, giving them a stunning 7-6 victory and handing Maine their first loss of the season.
However, this would end up as Maine's only loss the entire season, as they would not lose another game all season and win their first national title with a stunning 42-1-2 record, including defeating the Terriers twice more by a combined score of 11-3.
Boston University would have their revenge, however, winning a national championship of their own in 1995, defeating Maine in the national title game 6-2.
The on-ice rivalry between the schools was often overshadowed by the personal rivalry between the coaches, Walsh for Maine and BU's own legendary coach Jack Parker.
While they often had choice words for each other during their coaching careers, Parker spoke kindly of Walsh during his cancer treatment and following his 2001 death.
While some fans view Boston College and New Hampshire as BU and Maine's historical and primary rivals, respectively, fans from the heat of the rivalry in the 1990s and early 2000s may report that in their opinion, either Maine or BU is their schools true rival, not UNH or BC.
Even after Walsh's 2001 death, the rivalry has remained heated and competitive, meeting in the Hockey East playoff tournament in 2002, 2004, 2009, 2010, and 2012, with Maine winning each matchup aside from 2009.
On January 24, 2004, the two teams combined for 268 penalty minutes in one game, a men's college hockey record that stands to this day, and stood as the all-levels, both genders record until 2013.
The majority of the penalty minutes were accrued during a brawl at the end of the game, which was a 1-0 victory for Boston University.
Even as Maine's team performance has declined in the latter part of the 2010s, games between the teams remain tense, chippy affairs, and simultaneous success for the teams would lead to a rejuvenation of the once-heated rivalry.
Shayne Gauthier (born February 20, 1992) is a professional Canadian football linebacker for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League.
During the 2019 West Division Final against the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Gauthier made a shoestring tackle to save a touchdown during a trick punt return, this helped send the Blue Bombers to the 107th Grey Cup.
The 1937 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1937 college football season.
In its first season under head coach Williams Newton, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record (4–2–1 against SoCon opponents) and was outscored by a total of 92 to 91.
The post-presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon on January 20, 1993 following the end of George H. W. Bush's term as president.
Upon leaving office, Bush retired with his wife, Barbara, and temporarily moved into a friend's house near the Tanglewood community of Houston as they prepared to build a permanent retirement house nearby.
In 1993, Bush was targeted in an assassination plot when he visited Kuwait to commemorate the coalition's victory over Iraq in the Gulf War.
Through interviews with the suspects and examinations of the bomb's circuitry and wiring, the FBI established that the plot had been directed by the Iraqi Intelligence Service.
Two months later, Clinton retaliated when he ordered the firing of 23 cruise missiles at Iraqi Intelligence Service headquarters in Baghdad.
In September 1993, Bush and other living former presidents were invited back to the White House for an Arab-Israeli peace accord.
In the 1994 gubernatorial elections, his sons George W. and Jeb concurrently ran for Governor of Texas and Governor of Florida.
Jeb would again run for governor of Florida in 1998 and win at the same time that his brother George W. won re-election in Texas.
From 1993 to 1999, he served as the chairman of the board of trustees for Eisenhower Fellowships, and from 2007 to 2009 was chairman of the National Constitution Center.
On September 28, 1994, Bush said he was opposed to sending American troops to Haiti, citing his loss of confidence in President of Haiti Jean-Bertrand Aristide while speaking to business and civic leaders in Houston.
On July 17, 1995, Bush returned to the White House for the unveiling of his official portrait in an East Room ceremony attended by former members of his administration.
On September 2, Bush and his son George W. participated in a parade commemorating World War II in Fredericksburg, Texas, where the elder Bush reasoned the United States had become united in the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor and stressed America would have to stay involved in world affairs to continue its unity.
On July 26, 1996, Bush met with Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole and pledged he would do everything in his power to aid in securing a victory for Dole in the upcoming presidential election.
In February 1997, Bush endorsed the chemical weapon banning treaty supported by United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, saying the United States would need to approve the treaty ahead of the April deadline.
Also in April 1997, the Houston Intercontinental Airport was renamed George Bush Intercontinental Airport after a proposal received the unanimous approval of the Houston City Council.
The renaming took effect on May 2, with Bush presiding over the ceremonies as he took a 50-minute flight during the official changeover.
During a telephone interview, he stated his belief that history would show that his administration laid the groundwork for the agreement.
President Bush was Honorary Chairman of Points of Light, an international nonprofit dedicated to engaging more people and resources in solving serious social problems through voluntary service.
In January 1999, Bush spoke in the Old Senate chamber as part of a lecture series for Senators in an address warning against the collapse of political decorum and invasions into the privacy of individuals.
In April 1999, Bush called for the release of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet when Spain had him arrested and sought to try him for human rights violations.
In May 1999, Bush and his wife Barbara honored six senior citizens during the annual Ageless Heroes honors in Chicago, Illinois.
His eldest son, George W. Bush, was inaugurated as the 43rd president of the United States on January 20, 2001, and re-elected in 2004.
George W. made multiple calls to get in contact with his father before the two men reconnected after the elder Bush had gone to a Brookfield, Wisconsin motel.
In a September 14, 2003 interview with BBC, Bush stated his support for a continuation of his son's war against terrorism and that the U.S. was in a better state in terms of protecting itself from terrorism than two years prior.
While visiting Houston VA Medical Center on December 17, Bush told reporters of his satisfaction with the capture of Saddam Hussein.
President and Mrs. Bush attended the state funeral of Ronald Reagan in June 2004, and of Gerald Ford in January 2007.
One month later, he was awarded the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in Beverly Hills, California, by former First Lady Nancy Reagan.
He and Clinton appeared together in television ads in 2005, encouraging aid for victims of Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
On March 2, 2006, President Bush announced that his father would lead the American delegation to the inauguration of the president-elect of the Republic of Portugal Aníbal Cavaco Silva.
In September 2006, Bush campaigned for New Jersey Senate candidate Thomas Kean Jr., praising him as well as stating his respect for Kean for calling on the resignation of U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.
The following month, he was honored by the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) with the NIAF One America Award for fundraising, with Bill Clinton, for the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and Hurricane Katrina.
During a trip to Tokyo, Japan, Bush said that he would campaign vigorously against Senator Hillary Clinton if she were to initiate a presidential bid.
In March 2008, Bush met with President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao, who praised Bush for his attempts at harmonizing relations between the U.S. and China.
During an address at the University of Kansas on November 16, 2008, Bush said that President-elect Obama would encounter diverse issues upon taking office and experience a wave of enthusiasm.
On January 10, 2009, George H. W. and George W. Bush were both present at the commissioning of (CVN-77), the tenth and last supercarrier of the United States Navy.
On February 15, 2011, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom—the highest civilian honor in the United States—by President Barack Obama.
Bush suffered from vascular parkinsonism, a form of Parkinson's disease which had forced him to use a motorized scooter or wheelchair since at least 2012.
Even so, in October that year, he had recovered enough that he was able to throw out the ceremonial first pitch for the Houston Astros at Minute Maid Park.
In July 2013, Bush had his head shaved in a show of support for the two-year-old son of a member of his security detail, who had leukemia.
On July 7, Bush met with Gabrielle Giffords for part of her week-long Rights and Responsibilities Tour advocating expanded background checks in relation to firearm purchases.
In April 2014, Frederick D. McClure, chief executive of the Bush library foundation, organized a three-day gathering in College Park, Texas, to mark the 25th anniversary of the Bush administration.
Also in early 2014, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation presented the Profile in Courage Award to Bush and Mount Vernon awarded him its first Cyrus A. Ansary Prize.
The Kennedy foundation award was presented by Jack Schlossberg, the late president's grandson, to Lauren Bush Lauren, who accepted on her grandfather's behalf.
The Ansary prize was presented in Houston with Ansary, Barbara Lucas, Ryan C. Crocker, dean of the Bush school since January 2010, Barbara Bush, and Curt Viebranz in attendance with the former president.
Bush directed $50,000 of the prize to the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University, and $25,000 to fund an animation about the Siege of Yorktown for Mount Vernon.
On December 7, 2016, Bush and former Senator Bob Dole commemorated the 75th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor by appearing at the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University.
nor George W. Bush endorsed the eventual Republican nominee, Donald Trump; all three Bushes emerged as frequent critics of Trump's policies and speaking style, while Trump frequently criticized George W. Bush's presidency.
On August 16, 2017, Bush and his son George W. released a joint statement in which they condemned the violence at the Unite the Right rally.
On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former presidents Carter, Clinton, George W. Bush, and Obama to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities.
In October 2017, during the Me Too movement, actress Heather Lind accused Bush of groping her and telling an inappropriate joke.
In December 2018, the nonprofit Compassion International, revealed that Bush secretly sponsored a boy in the Philippines for ten years using a pseudonym.
At the time of his death he was the longest-lived U.S. president, a distinction now held (since March 22, 2019) by Jimmy Carter.
He was also the third-oldest vice president; the longest-lived U.S. vice president is John Nance Garner, who died on November 7, 1967, 15 days short of his 99th birthday.
Bush laid in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol from December 3 through December 5; he was the 12th U.S. president to be accorded this honor.
Then, on December 5, Bush's casket was transferred from the Capitol rotunda to Washington National Cathedral where a state funeral was held.
Afterward, Bush's casket was flown back to Houston and then transported to St. Martin's Episcopal Church where a second service was held on December 6.
President Clinton, in a statement described Bush's long record of service in the military, Congress, the CIA and as president, where he served from 1989 to 1993.
In my experiences w/ him, I always valued his desire to listen, look at evidence & ask for ideas, even from people w/ different beliefs.
Bush and President Clinton meeting me in my old hometown of New Orleans to show support and raise money after Hurricane Katrina.
He attended Sciennes School, Edinburg in 1916 then George Heriot's School from 1916 to 1922, where he obtained high level passes in English, Mathematics, German, Science, and Dynamics.
Buchan went on to become a mathematics teacher at James Gillespie's High School, Edinburgh until 1930 when he joined the Royal High School, Edinburgh.
She is best known as the co-founder and Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Singapore-based ride-hailing company, Grab Holdings Inc. Tan was a business analyst at McKinsey & Company before she co-founded Grab with Anthony Tan while attending Harvard Business School.
Raised in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tan moved to the United Kingdom to attend the University of Bath, where she received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering.
Raised in a middle-class household in Kuala Lumpur, by a civil engineer father and a remisier mother, alongside an older brother, who is a software programmer and lives in New Zealand, Tan is the youngest of two children in her family.
While studying at the University of Bath, Tan took a year off school to do an industrial placement at Eli Lilly in Basingstoke.
Her time at the pharmaceutical company taught Tan that decisions were made at the management level, and motivated her to change her career trajectory and research graduate finance and management programs in order to incorporate engineering perspectives into business decisions, thus having the power to make changes at the management level.
Despite not knowing what the company did, Tan signed up for an event held by consulting firm McKinsey & Company in Malaysia, eventually landing a job with the company where she performed well enough that they sponsored her MBA education at Harvard Business School - where she met fellow Malaysian and future co-founder of Grab, Anthony Tan, in the class of 2011.
Using the proceeds from the competition and their own personal funds, Tan Hooi Ling and Anthony Tan launched the mobile application, first called MyTeksi, in June 2012.
Although the pair had started the company, Tan had to return to McKinsey after graduation to serve out her bond with the consulting firm as a condition of sponsoring her education.
She later moved on to San Francisco-based software company Salesforce, while taking time out of her schedule at the company to help out Anthony with Grab in Southeast Asia.
Upon returning, she took on the title of COO, and focused on 3 key areas - product, human resources, and customer experience.
Tan is a self-professed introvert, keeping a lower profile than her co-founder, Anthony Tan, but admitted she likes it that way.
Scotty Kilmer is an American YouTube personality, author, and auto mechanic from Houston, Texas whose channel has over 3 million subscribers and 913 million views.
His Youtube channel it's the same in some ways but, because of the nature of the platform he can get feedback to viewers who ask him about their car issues, vehicle industry or for advise on buying vehicles.
He is very passionate and close when speaking, one of his stamps of identity, that makes him to appear very honest.
Also his love to cats, as his cat-pillows showed in his videos talks, helps to this natural and sincere image of him.
In July 2018 he joined SC Dnipro-1 and made his debut for this club in the winning match against FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi on 17 November 2018 in the Ukrainian First League as a second half-time substitution player.
The station closed to passengers in 1930 but remained open for goods traffic, serving Kincardine Power Station when it opened in 1962.
Shortly after he joined the professional ranks with FC Volyn Lutsk in the Ukrainian First League.He assisted Volyn in securing promotion to the Ukrainian Premier League in the 2009-10 season, and made an appearance in 2011.
He later played in the Ukrainian Amateur Football Championship in 2014 with FC Avanhard Zhydachiv.In 2015, he played abroad in the IV liga with LKS Szaflary.
The following season he continued playing abroad in the Canadian Soccer League with Toronto Atomic FC.In 2018, he played indoor soccer in the Arena Premier League with Ukraine AC.
After a brief stint in the Arena Premier League he signed with the Mississauga MetroStars in the Major Arena Soccer League.In 2019, he returned to the Canadian Soccer League to play with CSC Mississauga.
Zhuk made his international debut in 2007 with the Ukraine national under-16 football team, and represented the Ukraine national under-17 football team, and Ukraine national under-18 football team.
The tradition first began in 1916, where the Department of Administration of the Wisconsin Capitol have undertaken the erection and decoration of the tree each year from late November to early January.
Like many other American city-endorsed Christmas tree lightings, the name of the tree has been controversially changed on more than one occasion.
Herrad Frey (born 25 August 1933) is a French former archer who represented France at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in archery.
Coward joined the POEU in 1946 as its deputy general secretary, with a strong reputation as a negotiator with a focus on detail.
The union's general secretary, John Edwards, had recently been elected to Parliament, and so Coward immediately began undertaking much of Edwards' role.
In 1947, Edwards was appointed as a minister and went on leave, and in June, Coward was elected as general secretary of the union.
Coward's period running the union was difficult, struggling with the effects of a reorganisation of the Post Office in 1946, and with his approach criticised by members of the union who found him remote.
He went on leave until July, but his health did not recover, and in April 1952, he resigned, to take easier work.
Code for Canada is a nonprofit organization (NPO) that was co-founded in 2017 by the government of the province of Ontario, Canada with a mandate to work with the technology and government sectors and innovators from the community, to improve digital technologies that underlie government services.
Sawhney said that their target audience included committed tech innovators, inside and outside government, willing to partner to find technological and design solutions for civic issues.
Code for Canada, is similar to the civic technology movement in the United States, Code for America and Code for Australia.
In April 2017, Deb Matthews, the Ontario minister for digital governance announced that the Province of Ontario was co-founding Code for Canada with a contribution of $700,000.
Through their fellowship program, Code for Canada, fellows who are digital technology and design experts, spend 10 months working collaboratively with public servants in government departments to improve services.
Cindy Magalí Novoa Díaz (born 10 August 1995) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a centre back for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
The Myanmar Dental Association (Yangon Region) (; MDA-Ygn) is a professional association established in 1994 which has more than 500 members.
The Legislative Council had nine seats; four elected, three held by government officials and two by nominees appointed by the Governor.
Each show featured a panel of intellectuals and academics who discussed topics considered to be women's issues, including birth control, abortion, and the generation gap.
They also fielded questions from a small studio audience made up of topical experts who were invited to attend the taping.
In addition to changing the name and widening the range of topics addressed on the show, Walters requested the studio audience be seated at round tables rather than in rows, creating a more engaging environment.
Walters featured a variety of subjects on the show that she thought would be meaningful for her audience, including mainstream topics related to women's equality.
ARC Bratislava are currently known for competing in the Asian Le Mans Series, where they are the reigning LMP2 Am Champions.
Eddison Zvobgo, one of the ZANU–PF founders, was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Masvingo South from its creation in 1985 until his death in 2004.
In a by-election held on 11 October 2004, the ZANU–PF candidate Walter Mzembi was elected unopposed after the opposition Movement for Democratic Change did not put forth a candidate.
The Legislative Council had nine seats; four elected, three held by government officials and two by nominees appointed by the Governor.
The assembly of the bourgeois and citizens of Geneva constituted the General Council, the number of bourgeois entitled to vote in the General Council did not exceed fifteen hundred persons.
Interestingly, most citizens of Geneva came from neighbouring Savoy because many of them worked and participated in the administration of the city of Geneva.
There were a number of revolts against nepotism (free admission) and the influx of foreigners, particularly the French Protestant refugees whom Calvin forced into the bourgeoisie to ensure his domination.
The bourgeois, who have obtained a privileged status, and their descendants, the citizens, hold the upper hand: they enjoy all the political rights and many economic privileges.
In front of them, the inhabitants and their descendants, the natives, form a population without political rights and hampered in its economic activities.
Due to the French invasion of Switzerland, the bourgeoisie of Geneva is no longer a privilege since 1798, and all Genevans have been ordinary citizens since that date.
The capacity of Bourgeois, that is to say of citizen of a city having political rights in opposition to the simple inhabitants, forms the base of the urban organisation of cities.
This urban system in Europe dates back for many cities still existing today to Greco-Latin antiquity, others were founded around the year one thousand.
The Legislative Council had nine seats; four elected, three held by government officials and two by nominees appointed by the Governor.
Ibife Eugene Alufohai (born 29 August 1986) is a Nigerian model, philanthropist and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Valentine International 2010.
Her family moved a lot due to her father's job as a military officer, moving from Kaduna State to Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
From 1993 to 1997 she had her primary education, and secondary education at Tantua International Group of Schools from 1997 to 2003.
In 2003, she went to Madonna University, Okija for her university education and preceded to University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State in 2008, where she graduated in 2012 with a degree in Clinical psychology.
After her university education, she did her National Youth Service Corps at Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, where she practiced as a psychologist and as an operator to ECG from 2013 to 2014.
The infrastructure development plan calls for building road and rail transportation from Yunnan Province in China through Muse and Mandalay to Kyaukpyu in Rakhine State.
According to a policy plan in 2019 by the Myanmar Ministry of Commerce, the locations for the core zones would be Muse and Chinshwehaw in the northern part of Shan State and Kan Pite Tee in Kachin State.
The building was completed in 1824 and was altered to the designs of Henry Brett, County Surveyor, in 1866 and altered again to the designs of John Henry Brett, his son, in 1876.
The building was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place for Wicklow County Council.
After judicial hearings were moved to other county courthouses due to the poor state of repair of the Wicklow Courthouse, it was closed in 2010.
He was 2nd Minister at New Molyneux Church, Dublin from 1863 to 1865, and Rector and Vicar of Ballymena from 1865 to 1882.
She performed a diving exhibition with Ebba Gisico of Sweden at the 1908 Summer Olympics, which was the first appearance of women in Olympic aquatics.
It details the story of how Fury defeated the long-reigning unified heavyweight world champion Wladimir Klitschko in 2015, his struggles with mental health following the win and his subsequent recovery process.
In 1999, after running the magazine for seven years, Lance Dawes moved down to Los Angeles and left his position as editor-in-chief.
Of these, six are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The Trent and Mersey Canal passes through the town, and the listed buildings associated with this are bridges, locks, a warehouse, a milepost and items in the boatyard.
The other listed buildings include churches and structures in churchyards, road bridges, former mills, a former hospital, a milestone, a railway station and other buildings associated with the railway, schools, and a war memorial.
The British hammer throw athletics champions covers four competitions; the current British Athletics Championships which was founded in 2007, the preceding AAA Championships (1880-2006), the Amateur Athletic Club Championships (1866-1879) and finally the UK Athletics Championships which existed from 1977 until 1997 and ran concurrently with the AAA Championships.
Where an international athlete won the AAA Championships the highest ranking UK athlete is considered the National Champion in this list.
The podcast features game developers, technologists, academics, creatives, and enthusiasts in the fields of VR and AR, and currently has over 800 episodes including: Jaroslav Beck, Jessica Brillhart, Nancy Baker Cahill, Jesse Damiani, Tom Furness, Palmer Luckey, Kevin Mack, Danny O’Brien, Tony Parisi, Nonny de la Peña, Philip Rosedale and Adam Sulzdorf-Liszkiewicz.
On May 31, 2019, Bye presented a keynote at Augmented World Expo which summarized the ethical implications explored during Laval Virtual and through his interviews with subject experts for Voices of VR.
The new building was extended to take on a cruciform shape in 1999 and extended again to a design by the Building Design Partnership in 2006.
Takeshi Saito (斎藤 毅 Saitō Takeshi, born 9 September 1961) is a Japanese mathematician, specializing in number theory and algebraic geometry.
In the Department of Mathematical Sciences of the University of Tokyo, Saito graduated with undergraduate degree in 1984, master's degree in 1986, and PhD in 1989.
At the University of Tokyo, Saito was an assistant from 1987 to 1990, a lecturer from 1990 to 1992, and an assistant professor from 1992 to 1999.
As of the 2018 election, this was the final time in which the Social Democrats won more than 45 % of the overall vote, marking a steady decline thereafter.
The Green Party replaced the New Democracy party in the Riksdag, with the seven elected parties being represented in parliament into the 2020's after the Christian Democrats narrowly beat the parliamentary 4 % threshold by a mere 3,752 votes.
This is troublesome for cells that divide often since at the time of anaphase the polycentric chromosome does not move to opposite poles of spindle fiber and the cell dies.
The core of the project consisted of Petr Muk and Petr Kučera, with consistent support from Petr Hons, three musicians who were until 1993 also active in the popular Erasure-influenced band Oceán from České Budějovice.
The trio was complemented by a number of rotating female vocalists including Jana Benetová, Jana Feriová, Jana Badurová, and later Jana Petrová, Linda Finková, Michaela Klímková, and Olina Mašková.
During the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, the band Oceán, thanks to their manager Jiří Vatka, had the opportunity to open for the English duo Erasure in Prague.
Following this, the trio of Kučera, Muk, and Hons came up with a number of song ideas which didn't appeal to the rest of the band, so they decided to create a side project, which they called Shalom.
Petr Muk continued being active in the music scene, with a number of successful solo albums, numerous roles in operas and musicals, until his unexpected death in 2010.
Petr Kučera also released a number of solo albums following the demise of his two most successful bands, and in 2011 he returned with a new incarnation of Oceán, which also includes Petr Hons.
Johann Heinrich Richartz (15 May 1796 – 22 April 1861) was a German businessman and patron of the arts, best known as the main funder of the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum.
Johann Heinrich Richartz took over his father's business in the leather and wild hide trade after completing an apprenticeship in Mainz, Brussels, and Antwerp.
The aim of the foundation was to include the art collection of the collector Ferdinand Franz Wallraf, which he had left to the city in 1824, in the completed municipal museum.
In recognition, Frederick William IV of Prussia made him a royal Kommerzienrat and a member of the Order of the Red Eagle 3rd class, and in June 1857 the Universal Society for the Encouragement of Arts and Industry awarded him a gold medal.
His will left another 100,000 thaler to fund a lunatic asylum on the condition that the interest for the next ten years was used as an acquisition fund for the new museum.
He also left 9,000 thaler to expand the Minoritenkirche next door to the museum, 2,500 thaler to Cologne Cathedral, and 2,000 thaler to fund a charity place at the Rheinischen Musikschule.
On 10 April 1900, a bronze statue of Richartz by Wilhelm Albermann was unveiled outside the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum's original site (now the Museum for Applied Arts).
Henrich Ručkay (born February 11, 1983) is a Slovak professional ice hockey left winger who is currently plays for Brest Albatros Hockey of the FFHG Division 1.
Sanzharivka (; ) is a village in Bakhmut Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 67.1 km NE from the centre of Donetsk city, at about 10.9. km NNE from the centre of Debaltseve.
The Waves are led by head coach Lorenzo Romar, in the second season of his second stint after coaching the Waves from 1996 to 1999.
They defeated Pacific, Loyola Marymount, and San Francisco to advance to the semifinals of the WCC Tournament were they were defeated by Gonzaga.
He was born in Tain, Ross-shire on 8 April 1830, the eldest son of John Joass, a guard on thr Inverness to Aberdeen mail coach.
He was educated at Inverness Royal Academy and Inverness Grammar School then studied Divinity at King's College, Aberdeen and graduated MA in March 1850.
It is sometimes known as the Egyptian cotton stainer, and is found in southern Asia where it is a pest of cotton, okra and other crops.
On these plants, populations are at their highest during the hotter months from March to July, and at their lowest between November and January.
The eggs hatch in between six and ten days, and the young develop through six nymphal stages before becoming fully grown in thirty to forty days.
The 1920 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 34th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1936 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1936 college football season.
In its third and final season under head coach Hunk Anderson, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record (4–2–1 against SoCon opponents) and was outscored by a total of 84 to 79.
This is a list of things named after Sheikh Hasina, current Prime Minister of Bangladesh and longest serving prime minister in the history of Bangladesh.
Ricardo Thalheimer (born 29 December 1992), simply known as Ricardo, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for CRB as a central defender.
Born in Santo Augusto, Rio Grande do Sul, Ricardo finished his formation with União Frederiquense in 2012, being promoted to the first team on 26 November of that year.
In April of the following year, he moved to Novo Hamburgo for the 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, but agreed to return to his previous club in August.
A nicotine base and a weak acid such as benzoic acid or levulinic acid is used to form a nicotine salt.
A free-base nicotine solution with an acid reduces the pH, which makes it possible to provide higher levels of nicotine without irritating the throat.
The speed of nicotine salts uptake into the body with the use of electronic cigarettes is close to the speed of nicotine uptake from traditional cigarettes.
Nicotine salts are less harsh and less bitter, and as a consequence e-liquids that contain nicotine salts are more tolerable even with high nicotine concentrations.
Nicotine salts in aerosol form do not generate the sensation of irritation in the chest and lungs that regular cigarettes do.
As of September 2018, there were no less than 39 similar Juul devices as well as 15 Juul-compatible pods being offered.
Tested show that the pod mods Juul, Bo, Phix, and Sourin contain nicotine salts in a solution with propylene glycol and glycerin.
Advertisements state nicotine salt liquids contain 2 to 10 times more nicotine than those found in the majority of regular e-cigarette products.
Throckmorton grew up in Bellevue, Washington and attended Newport High School, where he played both offensive and defensive line for the football team.
He was rated a three-star prospect by Rivals, 247Sports, Scout and ESPN and committed to play college football at Oregon over offers from Arizona, Arizona State, Boise State, Michigan and Miami.
He started the first ten games of his redshirt sophomore season at right tackle before moving to right guard for the final three games of the year and was again named honorable mention All-Pac-12.
As a redshirt junior, Throckmorton was the only FBS player to make a start at four different offensive line positions (right tackle, left tackle, right guard and center) and also played snaps at left guard.
He was graded the fourth-best offensive tackle in college football by Pro Football Focus (PFF) and was named a second team All-American by the FWAA, Phil Steele, and PFF as well as first team All-Pac-12 by the Associated Press and honorable mention All-conference by the league's coaches.
Throckmorton entered his redshirt senior season on the watchlist for the Outland Trophy and was named a preseason All-American by the Associated Press and PFF.
Throckmorton was named honorable mention All-Pac-12 and a third team All-American by the Associated Press, as well as a second team Academic All-American, at the end of the season.
A statue in bronze of Keating Hyland stands in Cahir's main square, sculpted by Mona Croome Carroll and paid for by Lady Margaret Butler-Charteris.
Adobe Aero is an augmented reality authoring and publishing tool by Adobe Inc. Aero was originally announced as a private beta for iOS users at Adobe MAX 2018, seeing its official launch at Adobe MAX 2019.
He was the Chair of the Department of Semitic and Egyptian Languages and Literatures at The Catholic University of America and a visiting professor at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.
In 1953, Skehan was chosen as a member of the Dead Sea Scrolls editorial team, along with Frank Moore Cross, John Allegro, John Strugnell, Dominique Barthélemy, Jean Starcky, Claus-Hunno Hunziger, Josef T. Milik, and Roland de Vaux who was the project director.
() is a punk rock band from Kaohsiung, Taiwan, founded in 2000, which sings in both Taiwanese Hokkien and Mandarin Chinese.
Kingdoms of Fire () is an Arab historical drama television series about the reign of Ottoman Empire's Selim I and Mamluk Sultanate's Tuman bay II, created by Muhammed Abdulmalik and directed by British director Peter Webber.
The 14-episodes series which is produced by Genomedia Studios with a budget of $40 millions and filmed in Tunisia, debuted on MBC channels on 17 November 2019.
The series depicts events that took place between Egypt, Syria and the Ottoman Empire between the 15th and the 16th century.
It demonstrates the competition between the Mamluks and the Ottomans over the control of the Middle East, through the rise of two main characters, Tuman bay II, the last Sultan of the Mamluks in Cairo, and Sultan Selim I of Istanbul.
The 2011 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 2 to 6, 2011.
She was the first African-Canadian to graduate from the Nova Scotia Hospital School of Nursing and the first black president of the Registered Nurses’ Association of Nova Scotia.
Her father was forced to quit his job at the steel plant due to discrimination, and her sister was unable to find a job.
After earning her nursing qualifications, Coward Douglas began her career at the Nova Scotia Hospital as Head Nurse of the Admission/Discharge Unit.
Shortly thereafter, Coward and her husband Benson Douglas moved to Grenada, West Indies, where she served as a Director in a mental health hospital.
A few years later, she became the first black person to be elected president of the Registered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia.
During this time, Douglas-Yakimchuk also founded the Black Community Development Organization and advocated for Cape Breton University to create a nursing degree program.
The 2010 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 3 to 7, 2010.
The 2019–20 St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball team represents St. Bonaventure University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bonnies, led by 13th-year head coach Mark Schmidt, play their home games at the Reilly Center in Olean, New York as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
The Bonnies won seven of their final eight regular season games to earn the four seed in the A10 Tournament in Brooklyn.
They defeated George Mason in the quarterfinals and Rhode Island in the semifinals of the A-10 Tournament before losing in the championship game to Saint Louis.
John Williamson (), more commonly known by the nickname Johnnie Notions (, ) was a self-taught physician from Shetland, Scotland, who independently developed and administered an inoculation for smallpox to thousands of patients in Shetland during the late 18th century.
Despite having only an elementary education and no formal medical background, the treatment he devised had an extremely high success rate, resulting in the immunisation of approximately 3,000 people and the saving of many lives, which had a significant effect on the demographics of the Shetland population at the time.
While Notions administered his inoculation by at least the late 1780s to early 1790s (and likely much earlier), his method was largely overshadowed by the work of Edward Jenner, who pioneered the cowpox-based smallpox vaccine in 1796.
Despite this, Notions and his inoculation were held with high regard with Shetlanders at the time, while the same could not be said for the cowpox-based vaccination introduced to Shetland in subsequent years.
It has been suggested that the practice of naming John by his father's own surname, not adopting the patronymics system that was prevalent in Shetland at that time, indicates that his immediate family could be considered progressive and modern for the time.
John Williamson's birth year is not known with any certainty – while his tombstone states he was born in 1740, some have suggested he was born as early as 1730.
His place of birth is also not certain, but is thought to be Hamnavoe, Eshaness, in which the Williamson family lived from at least the late 1740s and possibly much earlier.
Shetland, being a relatively isolated community, was susceptible to outbreaks of smallpox throughout the 18th century that would spread through large proportions of the population due to a lack of immunity to the disease.
In 1700, an outbreak of smallpox arrived in Shetland when the son of a local man had visited mainland Britain, where he had contracted the disease and spread it upon his return to Shetland.
The 1740 epidemic required the extension of the Lerwick cemetery by , while in Fetlar a further 120 people died – this was exacerbated by a hard frost lasting over a month that prevented the dead from being buried.
He would then dry it using peat smoke (which was believed to lessen the virus's virulence), and bury it in the ground with camphor (which has anti-bacterial properties, preventing the matter from decomposing).
It would be kept in this state for up to 7 or 8 years to reduce its virulence before being administered to a patient.
By using a knife (which Notions made himself) he would cut into the patient's arm intradermally (without drawing blood), insert a small amount of the inoculant, and immediately cover the incision with the patient's skin, before using a cabbage leaf as a plaster.
Notions' inoculation bears a strong similarity to the Suttonian method, which also involved the introduction of weakened smallpox matter into the patient through intradermal means.
How Notions became aware of this method of inoculation is unclear – it may have been through written account, or through discussion with someone else aware of the technique, such as another physician or a member of the clergy.
It is not known whether the success of the inoculation technique used by Notions was due to its ability to decrease the virulence of the smallpox matter, or to the shallow intradermal insertion of the inoculant.
Reverend Andrew Dishington, the parish minister for Mid and South Yell, attested to the success of Notions' treatment:Unassisted by education, and unfettered by the rules of art, he stands unrivalled in this business.
...It is particularly remarkable, that there is not a single instance in his practice, where the infection has not taken place, and made its appearance at the usual time.In Arthur Edmondston's account, he commented that Notions' work:...met with such unexampled success in his practice, that were I not able to bear testimony to its truth, I should myself be disposed to be sceptical on the subject.
...Had every practitioner been as uniformly successful in the disease as he was, the small-pox might have been banished from the face of the earth, without injuring the system, or leaving any doubt as to the fact.
Also, it is possible that Notions' treatment may have caused some patients such as Lowrie Tulloch of Burravoe, Yell, or James Park of Fetlar to have been blinded.
According to this story, Williamson was at Gifford's house, presumably on business, and the landlord asked him to rid his house of 'checks', small noisy wood-boring beetles.
'Notions is also said to have constructed a complex functional miniature watermill, which was based on a mill which he had only viewed a single time.
It was capable of performing the same function of bleaching as the original mill through the power of a hand-turned crank.
The only known remaining work of Notions is a wig stretching block that was made for James Cheyne, 7th Laird of Tangwick (the great-grandfather of Sir William Watson Cheyne), who was the laird of the area around Eshaness.
The block is said to have been made in the image of a man from Hillswick who contracted smallpox and was treated by Notions.
It is made from a worm-eaten piece of wood, the holes of which were filled with smaller pieces of wood to portray the smallpox scars on the man's face.
The oculometer computes eye movement by tracking corneal reflection relative to the center of the pupil.An oculometer, which can provide continuous measurements in real time, can be a research tool to understand gaze as well as cognitive function.
The oculometer relies on the principle that when a collimated light beam is incident on the eye, the direction in which the eye moves is proportional to the position of the reflection of that light beam from the cornea with respect to the center of the pupil.
Eye movement and tracking have been studied for centuries, with the very first eye tracking being simple observation of the eyes, by either oneself or another.
The first improvement on this occurred in 1738, when an observer would feel the outside of closed eyelids to track eye movement.
This device only recorded horizontal movements, until the work of Judd and colleagues in 1905 added both temporal and vertical recording.
Due to the many applications of an eye tracking device to aviators and pilots, NASA and the United States Air Force carried out extensive studies on this technology, propelling the field forward.
Since the principles governing the workings of the oculometer rely on a relatively simple concept (electro-optical sensing of the eye), it ensures that the oculometer will be functional whenever the user is seeing.
Additionally, the position of the reflection of the collimated beam from the cornea can be approximated to be on the plane of the pupil.
This implies minimal parallax error between the corneal reflection and the center of the pupil, thus making the oculometer insensitive to changes in the head position during measurements.
This can be overcome by either rigidly fixing the head to prevent any movements, however this is intrusive and uncomfortable for the user and not broadly applicable for human research studies.
The optical design of the oculometer allows normal vision, directs light from a fixed internal source onto the eye of the user, and forms the image of the pupil on a detector.
The device also consists of a polarization system to polarize the light from the source (typically a glow modulator tube) in the H direction.
In order to attenuate the light from the source through reflections in the eyepiece, a linear polarizer in the V direction is placed in the optical path.
A quarter wave plate is placed between the eye and the eye piece and rotates the plane of polarization by 90 degrees thus ensuring that the V-polarizer does not attenuate the true corneal reflections.
D is displacement, formula_4 is the distance from the center of the cornea, formula_5 is the angle of inclination of the eye’s optical axis to the oculometer.
First, NIR light is less detectable to the human eye than other wavelengths of visible light, so the NIR light beam is less intrusive or noticeable to the user.
Second, with this configuration the pupil is backlit, resulting in a bright disc, effectively differentiating the pupil from the rest of the eye and face.
This arrangement does not include the traditional eye-piece and user sees through a transparent, curved visor placed in front of his eyes.
When the  user first sees through the eye piece, a rough raster scan captures the black pupil and bright reflections from the cornea.
Eye direction from the time-division-multiplex scans are computed by the superposition of the scan positions of corneal reflection and pupil positions.
In case of device malfunction or loss in continuity due to the user blinking their eyes, the device switches back to the acquisition mode until tracking is restored.
In recent designs, the acquisition mode has been automated to ensure that the pupil/iris boundary was instantly captures once the user sees through the eye piece.
Further, flight programs can use the oculometer to inform cockpit design in terms of instrumentation panels, by studying the gaze of pilots as they fly.
For this reason, NASA and the US Armed Forces have utilized oculometers in their training programs, creating the Oculometer Training Tape Technique in the late 1900s.
A NASA research project regarding the oculometer was to realize the ability for a person to control a machine using their eyes, which firstly necessitates eye movement measurements.
NASA engineered a telescopic oculometer in which a user looks through an eyepiece, and given that the user can see through the eyepiece, eye movements will be measured.
Aviation requires robust, sharp cognitive function, and the eye is part of the central nervous system as they are extensions of the brain, linking cognitive function with healthy eye function.
Using those eye movement patterns both as a diagnostic tool and for monitoring disease progression has therefore been of scientific interest.
The use of oculometers for diagnosis of motor diseases is promising, though it has not yet been validated in the clinic.
For Parkinson’s disease specifically, the signature pattern of eye movement abnormalities occur as horizontal saccades (rapid, conjugate, eye movement that shift the center of the vision field).
Patients with Parkinson’s disease displayed high inabilities in performing antisaccadic tasks (eye movement in the opposite direction from the onset trigger).
For this application, the electronic design of the traditional oculometer has been modified to replace complex real-time video processing such that the oculometer could fit on light weight eyeglasses and have relatively long battery life.
These glasses work by projecting light from a few different directions using infrared LEDs on the user’s eyeball and receives the refracted light from discrete infrared proximity sensors also placed at a few different locations.
The use of multiple detectors not only enables oculometers to be used as lightweight wearables but also ensures that signals detected by the sensors are not dependent on external illumination.
The major disadvantage of the use of sensors compared to continuous video processing is the significant decline in accuracy since measurements are both reduced in frequency and number of measurements.
This was the first time the championship game was played at this venue after the prior five games had been played at Municipal Stadium in Daytona Beach, Florida.
The Morningside Mustangs, led by 19th-year head coach Steve Ryan, entered the national championship game as the #1 seed and the defending champions, having won their first national championship the year prior.
A total of sixteen teams were selected to participate in the single-elimination tournament from across the country, with invitations that were revealed on Sunday, November 17, 2019.
The field was then filled with at-large selections that were awarded to the highest ranked teams that were not conference champions.
First-round seedings were based on the final regular-season edition of the 2019 NAIA Coaches' Poll, with certain minor modifications given based on travel and geographic considerations.
Hitchin Priory in Hitchin in Hertfordshire is today a hotel built in about 1700 on the site of a Carmelite friary founded in 1317, which was closed in the Dissolution of the Monasteries during the reign of Henry VIII.
Parts of the original priory are incorporated in the existing building, which has been a Grade I listed building on the Register of Historic England since 1951.
In 1317 Edward II granted to the Carmelite Friars a messuage in the parish of Hitchin where they could build a church and house for their habitation.
In May 1534 the Prior John Butler took the Oath of Supremacy and on 17 October 1538 he and four friars surrendered to Sir William Coffyn and Henry Crowche, the King’s Commissioners.
Thomas Parrys, acting as bailiff for the Crown, sold the plate and ornaments while the bells, lead, glass, tile and stone were stripped and the steeple knocked down – the desecrated site becoming a quarry for the local townspeople.
At that time the buildings of the priory consisted of a mansion house with a frater (refectory) and dorter (dormitory) over the cloister, a church, the 'old hall,' the Prior's lodging, and two little chambers for the brothers in addition to a kitchen, barn and other premises.
There were also other tenements belonging to it in Bridge Street and Bull Street in Hitchin, which were leased out with the convent garden.
With the exception of the mansion house, which had been kept in a good state of repair following the Dissolution, the remaining buildings were in a poor condition: 'all the buildings were sore decayed and very ruinous both in timber and tile for lack of reparations' with the former priory gardens 'like yards or waste places of ground'.
The 1546 survey of Hitchin Priory was made before the estate was sold that year for £1,541 to two property speculators, Sir Edward Watson of Northampton and Henry Herdson, a London skinner; also in 1546 they purchased Shrewsbury Abbey.
From Watson and Herdson Hitchin Priory subsequently passed to Edward Pulter, who in turn sold it in 1582 to Ralph Radcliffe (died 1559).
Over the next three centuries the Priory passed to various members of the Radcliffe family until it came into the possession of Hubert Delmé-Radcliffe, J.P., on whose death in 1878 it passed to his brother Francis Augustus Delmé-Radcliffe.
This original structure would appear to have been constructed of flint rubble and clunch with the now lost priory church located to the south.
However, nothing earlier than the 15th century is visible and these ancient remains are located in sections of the north, or frater, range of the west range.
The present structure was almost entirely built in 1770–1 by the politician and MP John Radcliffe who inherited Hitchin Priory from his uncle Arthur Radcliffe in 1769.
He rebuilt the house in 1770-71 of plastered brick, standing about the four sides of a courtyard, which represents the old, small, cloister garth.
The walls of the courtyard have been considerably renewed over the years but in the north and west wings are many blocked arches of the original cloister arcade.
The ground storey displays a shield of the Radcliffe arms is together with the initials R R S and the date 1679.
This has an arcade of five semicircular arches with the one remaining open arch being the main entrance to the building.
The north elevation is of the late 18th century and is in an elaborate Palladian design; the south wing was completely rebuilt at around this time and contains the main rooms.
The east wing has some early 17th-century panelling while in a small north room is a plaster ceiling dating to the same period with cable and foliate decoration.
Since 1951 the complex of buildings including Hitchin Priory, the Garden Bridge, Coach House and stables have formed part of the Grade I listing on the Register of Historic England.
Today Hitchin Priory is a 52 bedroom hotel sitting in 19 acres of parkland with an indoor swimming pool and a golf course making it a popular venue for weddings, conferences, etc.
This alga is to be found all around the British Isles as far north as the Shetlands.Further south it is recorded to Portugal.
Kate Clare Tilleczek is a Full professor at York University and a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Young Lives, Education & Global Good.
She was eventually offered a position with the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) in 2009 as a Canada Research Chair in Child/Youth Cultures and Transitions.
While at UPEI, Tilleczek ran a research team with Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children and at Laurentian University to study how children deal with the transition from elementary to high school.
She was also the recipient of the CEA Whitworth Award for her research on marginalized students and their transitions through the education system.
Tilleczek and her research team also started The Wekimün School Project on Chiloé Island, which aimed to bring education to rural areas.
Through collaboration with the community, they created a school and curriculum for the Indigenous youth using their knowledge and life experiences.
In 2018, Tilleczek was offered a position as Full Professor at York University in Toronto, along with an appointment as a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair (CRC) in Young Lives, Education and Global Good.
The 1935 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1935 college football season.
In its second season under head coach Hunk Anderson, the team compiled a 6–4 record (2–2 against SoCon opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 87 to 76.
The 2009 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 4 to 8, 2009.
Alexandra Yakovlevna Brushtein (Алекса́ндра Я́ковлевна Бруште́йн ; nee Vygodskaya ; 11 August 1884 - 20 September 1968) was a Russian and later Soviet writer, playwright, and memoirist.
The 2017 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 12th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for women's water polo clubs.
The match was played just before the Men's Super Cup at the Császár-Komjádi Béla Uszoda, in Budapest, on 4 November 2017.
This was the first appearance in the Super Cup final for both teams, which won their first continental cup in the 2016–17 season.
Noah Frommelt (born 18 December 2000) is a Liechtensteiner footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Balzers and the Liechtenstein national team.
Frommelt made his international debut for Liechtenstein on 18 November 2019, coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying match against Bosnia and Herzegovina, which finished as a 0–3 home loss.
The 2018 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 13th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for women's water polo clubs.
The match was played between Kinef Kirishi (2017–18 Euro League champions) and Dunaújvárosi FVE (winners of the 2017–18 LEN Trophy) at the Neftyanik Sports Complex in Kirishi, Russia, on 10 November 2018.
Hungary's Dunaújváros, at their debut in the competition, won the trophy recovering from a 4-goal gap during the last quarter and defeating after the shootouts the European champions and Super Cup title holders of Kinef at their home pool in Kirishi.
The Antoniterkirche is a Gothic church building on the Schildergasse in central Cologne, Germany, named after the Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony who founded it between 1350 and 1370-1378.
The 2008 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 5 to 9, 2008.
Tong Sun (born 1968) is a Professor of Sensor Engineering and Director of the Research Centre for Photonics and Instrumentation at City, University of London.
She was awarded the Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal in 2016 and awarded an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2018.
Here she worked in the Department of Precision Instrumentation, where she earned a master's degree in 1993 and doctorate in 1998.
She moved to City, University of London for a second doctorate, during which she researched optical fibres, and graduated in 1999.
When she was promoted to Professor in 2008 she became the first woman to be promoted to Professor of engineering at City.
She has developed humidity sensors that can withstand challenging environments such as acidic sewers in Sydney and rice stores in China.
Sun continues to work with researchers at the Shandong Academy of Sciences on the implementation of optical fibres in the mining industry .
In 2017 Sun was awarded the Australian Water Safety Council New South Wales Water Award to trial her sensors in Sydney Water.
Sun designed a sensor system that could be used to measure strain and temperature in pantographs, the connectors that are used to link overhead power cables in for electric trains.
In 2018 Sun was awarded a Royal Academy of Engineering Research Chair to work with Brecknell Willis on new railway electrification systems.
The son of Maria Rostworowska − a translator and writer, he was raised in the Salwator district in Kraków, and graduated from the High School of Arts.
In addition to the Athens Frissiras Museum, over the years Bogumił Książek has collaborated with several art institutions, including the A100 Gallery in Galatina, Dominik Rostworowski Gallery and Galeria Olympia in Kraków.
He is a lecturer at the Painting Department of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he heads the Interdisciplinary Studio from 2019.
The British javelin champions covers three competitions; the current British Athletics Championships which was founded in 2007, the preceding AAA Championships (1914-2006) and the UK Athletics Championships which existed from 1977 until 1997 and ran concurrently with the AAA Championships.
Where an international athlete won the AAA Championships the highest ranking UK athlete is considered the National Champion in this list.
Lego Masters is an upcoming American reality competition television series based on the British series of the same name in which teams compete to build the best Lego project.
The season will culminate in a finale, in which top teams compete for a cash prize, trophy, and title of Lego Master.
The show's two judges both work at the Lego company: Amy Corbett is a senior design manager at Lego, while Jamie Berard is in charge of the Lego Creator Expert and Lego Architecture lines at Lego.
The series is jointly produced by Endemol Shine North America, UK-based independent production company Tuesday's Child, and Brad Pitt's Plan B Entertainment.
The present building was constructed in the Gothic style between 1513 and 1525 on the remains of earlier Roman and Romanesque churches, making it the latest surviving Gothic church in the city.
Efforts were made to secure the more important pieces of church furniture such as the stained glass and altarpieces, but much of the opulent woodwork such as the altars, pulpits and 1907 organ in its 1820 case were lost to the fire.
Initial measures were put in place to make the site safe in 1950 and the rest of the restoration was almost complete by 1960, led by government architects Karl Band and Wilhelm Schorn.
Only a few restored or reconstructed furnishings were placed in the building, including the medieval font and the wrought iron Baroque grille.
In July 1960 the Jesuits took over the church and from September of that year one of them, Alois Schuh, was made the parish priest.
Bertel Møhl was born in Copenhagen in 1936, as oldest son of paleozoologist and taxidermist Ulrik Møhl and potter Elka Lütken Petersen.
), worked first at the NATO funded Porpoise Research station in Strib, Denmark, then as postdoctoral fellow with professor Keith Ronald at University of Guelph and finally as associate professor in sensory physiology at Aarhus University, where he remained until his retirement in 2007.
His early work dealt with anatomy and physiology of hearing in true seals, which included the first description of the soft tissue anatomy of the pinniped middle ear, the first audiogram of a pinniped and studies of the electrophysiology of the seal cochlea.
Together with Ken Norris he published a seminal paper in 1983 on the so-called acoustic big-bang theory, in which it was proposed that toothed whales might be able to generate sounds loud enough to incapacitate or even kill their prey.
He was particularly interested in the nature of the detection process and through a series of experiments provided substantial evidence against the at the time dominant theory of coherent signal processing by the bat auditory system.
It was called a contender for the UK Christmas number-one single, despite being released three weeks before the chart week applying to the week including 25 December began.
This book also won the EU Prize for Literature, and has been translated into English by Emily Jeremiah and Fleur Jeremiah.
Its statute has been registered at court of Strasbourg (Tribunal d'instance de Strasbourg) and the organisation has been accredited at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg since 1978.
In general the membership in an association is not limited to nationality but a working knowledge of the language is required along with a completed apprenticeship in a profession.
For example the Rolandsschacht union requires an aspirant to be male, below the age of 27, and with a profession as carpenter, bricklayer, stonemason, joiner, roofer, slater, paver, carver or concrete worker.
With her former skating partner, Ian Somerville, she is the 2019 U.S. national junior bronze medalist and the 2018 JGP Slovakia bronze medalist.
Eliana Gropman was born February 5, 2001 in Washington, D.C. She graduated from Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School in Rockville, Maryland in 2019 and currently attends the University of Michigan.
Together, they are the 2012 U.S. national juvenile and 2013 U.S. national intermediate champions, as well as the 2014 U.S. national novice silver medalists.
Gropman/Somerville opened their season with the bronze medal at 2016 Lake Placid Ice Dance International behind U.S. teammates Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons and Chloe Lewis / Logan Bye.
Gropman/Somerville won their first JGP medal, a bronze, at 2018 JGP Slovakia behind Russians Elizaveta Khudaiberdieva / Nikita Nazarov and Elizaveta Shanaeva / Devid Naryzhnyy.
With their result, they were named to the team for the 2019 World Junior Championships for the first time, alongside Caroline Green / Gordon Green and Avonley Nguyen / Vadym Kolesnik.
At 2019 Junior Worlds, Gropman/Somerville were ninth after the rhythm dance, but fell to twelfth overall following a thirteenth-place free dance.
It consists of a complex of lava domes and lava flows with a total volume of and bears traces of a former glaciation, even though it does not currently carry glaciers.
Volcanic activity took place during the Pleistocene and the last eruption was 250,000 years ago; since then Uturuncu has not erupted but active fumaroles occur in the summit region.
The volcano rises within the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, a larger province of large volcanoes and calderas which over the last few million years have emplaced about in sometimes very large eruptions.
Starting in 1992, satellite observations have indicated a large area of regional uplift centered on Uturunku, which has been interpreted as an indication of large-scale magma intrusion under the volcano.
Uturuncu lies in the Sur Lípez area of southern Bolivia, southeast of the town of Quetena and just northeast of the Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve in the Cordillera de Lípez.
A former sulfur mine is situated on the mountain, close to the summit, and was considered to be one of the highest in the world; a winding road leads up on the mountain and additional roads pass along the northern, eastern and southwestern foot of Uturuncu.
The region is almost uninhabited and the volcano was little known until ongoing large-scale ground deformation was discovered in the early 21st century; since then scientific interest has increased, including a reconnaissance mission carried out by scientists in 2003.
With elevation, Uturuncu is the highest mountain in southwestern Bolivia and dominates its geomorphology, rising about above the surrounding terrain and giving a good view of the surrounding mountains from the summit.
It is a stratovolcano with remnants of a crater, and consists of lava domes and lava flows erupted from a number of vents in the central part of the volcano.
About 105 lava flows propagate outward from the central sector of the volcano, reaching lengths of and featuring levees, flow ridges and steep, blocky fronts over thick.
The northernmost lava flow is known as Lomo Escapa and with a length of it is also the largest lava flow at Uturuncu.
Five lava domes south, west and northwest of the summit form a northwest-southeast trending alignment that appears to be an older volcanic system; the southern of these domes have volumes of about and the western dome bears traces of a large collapse.
It appears to consist entirely of lava flows and lava domes; while the occurrence of pyroclastic flow deposits was reported at first later research has not found any evidence of explosive eruptions.
Aside from volcanic deposits there are also traces of glaciation which has smoothened the slopes of Uturuncu, as well as Pleistocene and Holocene alluvium and colluvium.
Mama Khumu lies on the eastern foot of Uturuncu and is bordered by steep slopes, while Laguna Celeste is located northeast, Chojllas southeast and Loromayu south of Uturuncu respectively.
The Rio Grande de Lipez flows along the western foot of the volcano and receives tributaries which originate close to Uturuncu's northeastern foot; it eventually flows into the Salar de Uyuni.
These watercourses are usually confined between steep bedrock walls and are characterized by a gravelly beds, anastomosing channels and wetlands which are used to keep llamas and sheep.
The eastward subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate has generated three volcanic belts within the Andes, including the Central Volcanic Zone which spans parts of Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina and includes Uturuncu.
Aside from Uturuncu, it includes about 69 Holocene volcanoes in a high elevation region, including the potentially active volcanoes Irruputuncu, Olca-Paruma, Aucanquilcha, Ollagüe, Azufre, San Pedro, Putana, Sairecabur, Licancabur, Guayaques, Colachi and Acamarachi.
Uturuncu has formed about east of the main volcanic front in the Western Cordillera, in a terrain formed by various volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Miocene to Quaternary age.
The region is characterized by the Altiplano high plateau, which reaches an elevation of and in terms of dimension is only exceeded by Tibet.
The 8.41 million years old Vilama and 5.65 million years old Guacha ignimbrites underlie the volcano and crop out in the Quetena River valley, while the 4 million years old Vilama lavas are found southwest of Uturuncu and are partly buried by the volcano.
Volcanic activity in the area occurred between 15 and 10 million years ago, and Cerro San Antonio, a heavily eroded 3 million years old Miocene volcano with a westward-opening collapse scar, lies just north of Uturuncu.
Other volcanoes from east counterclockwise to west are the Cerro Panizos caldera, Cerro Lípez, Suni K'ira and Quetena volcanoes as well as many more minor volcanic centres.
Many of them are formed along northwest-southeast trending lineaments such as the Lipez-Coranzuli and Pastos Grandes-Cojina lineament that passes through Uturuncu.
After subduction commenced in the Jurassic, 26 million years ago the breakup of the Farallon Plate into the Cocos Plate and the Nazca Plate was accompanied by an increased subduction rate and the onset of the Andean Orogeny.
This subduction process at first involved a relatively flat descend of the Nazca Plate until 12 million years ago, after which it steepened.
It covers an area of - of the Altiplano-Puna in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile and consists of a number of calderas, composite volcanoes and about of ignimbrite.
The 4 million years old Atana and 3 million years old Pastos Grandes ignimbrites are other large ignimbrites in the area while the 10.33 ± 0.64 million years old San Antonio ignimbrite is more sparse.
The Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex is underpinned at about depth by a wide magmatic sill where rocks are partially molten, the Altiplano-Puna magmatic body.
Its existence has been established with various techniques; it extends over an area of and has a volume of about with a thickness variously estimated to be between ; it has been referred to as the largest reservoir of magma in the continental crust of Earth.
The Altiplano-Puna magmatic body is the source of magmas for many of the volcanoes in the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex; in addition, about of brine are contained in the rocks underneath Uturuncu.
Rocks are vesicular or porphyric and contain phenocrysts of biotite, clinopyroxene, hornblende, ilmenite, magnetite, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and quartz along with apatite, monazite and zircon within a rhyolite groundmass, and define a potassium-rich calc-alkaline suite.
Xenoliths consisting of gneiss, igneous rocks and norites have also been found, of which the first two appear to be derived from country rocks while the third is a by-product of the magma generation process.
Mixing processes involving hotter or more mafic magmas played a role in the genesis of Uturuncu rocks, as did fractional crystallization processes and contamination with crustal rocks.
The origin of these magmas appears to relate to the Altiplano-Puna magmatic body, which generates melts through differentiation of basaltic magmas first to andesites and then to dacites before being transferred to the shallow crust below Uturuncu from where it was then erupted through buoyancy-dependent processes.
Uturuncu currently features no glaciers; however, perennial ice was reported in 1956, the existence of sporadic snow fields in 1994, and the summit area is occasionally ice-covered.
Conversely, evidence of past glaciation such as glacial striations, glacially eroded valleys, both recessional and terminal moraines and roches moutonnées can be found on the northern, eastern and southern flanks of Uturuncu.
One of these valleys on Uturuncu's southwestern flank has been subject to glaciology studies, which identified a former glacier originating both from the summit and from an area about south of the summit.
This only weakly erosive glacier deposited five sets of up to high moraines within the shallow valley; the lowest of these lies at elevation and appears to be a product of an early last glacial maximum between 65,000 and 37,000 years ago, earlier than the global last glacial maximum.
Conversely, the uppermost of these moraines is about 16,000 – 14,000 years old and correlates to a glacial advance in the Altiplano that has been correlated to the maximum growth of the former Lake Tauca north of Uturuncu and a wet and cold climate associated with Heinrich event 1.
At this same time 17,000 – 13,000 years ago, shorelines formed around the lakes that surround Uturuncu; Lake Tauca may have been a source of moisture for Uturuncu.
After 14,000 the glacier receded at the same time as climate warmed during the Bolling-Allerod warming and the region became drier.
There is little information on local climatology, but mean annual precipitation is about or even less than that, most of it originating in the Amazon basin to the east and falling during December, January and February.
This low amount of precipitation is not adequate to sustain glaciers even though the summit of Uturuncu lies above the freezing level, but it is enough to generate a seasonal snowcap on the mountain.
Uturuncu was active during the Pleistocene, with a lower unit emplaced during the lower and middle Pleistocene (890,000–549,000 years ago) and which makes up most of the peripheral sectors of the volcano and an upper unit of middle to upper Pleistocene age (427,000–271,000 years ago) which makes up its central sector and is less extensive.
Volcanic eruptions at Uturuncu were effusive and involved the emission of voluminous lava flows () between pauses lasting between 50,000 and 180,000 years, with a mean eruption rate of less than -, much less than other rhyolitic volcanoes.
There is no evidence of large ignimbrite eruptions nor of large flank collapses but some lavas may have interacted with water or ice as they were erupted and were reportedly emplaced over moraines.
No large effusive eruptions have occurred since the 250,000 ± 5,000 eruption, and Holocene or recent eruptions have not been reported.
While it was at first proposed that postglacial lavas existed it is now known that the volcano has been dormant since 271,000 years ago and glaciation has affected the youngest lava flows.
Active fumaroles occur in two fields below the summit, with a number of tiny vents located between the two summit peaks; vapour emissions are visible from close distance.
The summit fumaroles have temperatures of less than and their gases contain large quantities of carbon dioxide, water and larger amounts of hydrogen sulfide than sulfur dioxide perhaps due to the latter being filtered out by a hydrothermal system.
The presence of a weak hydrothermal system is likely at Uturuncu albeit probably at great depth, considering the low temperature and spread out nature of the fumarolic activity.
Between 1992 and 2006, the uplift amounted to in an area wide but with variations over time such as a temporary acceleration after a 1998 earthquake, a gradual slowdown either continuing or followed by an acceleration to about in the few years before 2017, along with seasonal variations.
Overall, the total volume change between 1992 and 2006 was about , with a total volume change of about ; such rates are typical for intrusions in the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex and historical lava dome eruptions and might reflect a short-term rate.
The deformation is centered on an area west of the summit and is most likely of magmatic origin given the lack of a large hydrothermal system at the volcano and the depth of the deformation.
The form of the deforming structure is not well known but it lies presumably at a depth of below sea level.
The uplifting area is surrounded by a ring-shaped area of subsidence, which is occurring at a rate of ; the total width of deforming terrain is about although is it not clearly visible in all InSAR data.
The deformation it most likely caused by magma intruding into the crust from the Altiplano-Puna magmatic body, with the intrusion taking place at a level below that where magma accumulated prior to past eruptions of Uturuncu.
It has been described as an ascending diapir or as a growing pluton although an alternative theory holds the ascent of volatiles along a magma column reaching to the Altiplano-Puna magmatic body as responsible for the surface deformation; in that case the uplift might reverse over time.
Such surface uplift has been observed at other volcanic centres in the Central Volcanic Zone but on global scale it is unusual both for its long duration and its spatial extent, and in the case of Uturuncu demonstrates the continuing activity of the Altiplano-Puna magmatic body.
In addition, there is no evidence for a net uplift in the geomorphology of the region, and findings in the terrain around Uturuncu indicate that this uplift certainly began less than 1,000 years ago and likely also less than 100 years ago.
The uplift might be either a temporary deformation of the volcano that eventually deflates over time, or the current uplift might only be in its beginning stage.
In addition, the volcano features persistent seismic activity with occasional bursts of higher activity; about three or four earthquakes occur every day at the volcano, and seismic swarms lasting minutes to hours with up to 60 earthquakes occur several times per month.
Most of this seismic activity occurs below the summit of Uturuncu around sea level and some earthquakes appear to relate to the northwest-southeast tectonic trend of the region although swarms occur in several areal clusters.
Whether there are long-term trends in seismic activity is difficult to estimate as the detection and reconnaissance techniques of seismic activity at Uturuncu have changed over time.
This amount of seismic activity is large when compared to neighbouring volcanoes and the seismic activity may be a consequence of the deformation, as intruding magma pressurizes and destabilizes local faults, with further triggering possible by large earthquakes such as the 2010 Maule earthquake which triggered an intense seismic swarm in February 2010.
Magnetotelluric imaging of the volcano has found a number of high-conductivity anomalies below Uturuncu, including a wide, deep conductor that extends to the volcanic arc to the west and several shallower ones which ascend from the deep conductor which appears to coincide with the Altiplano-Puna magmatic body.
The shallow conductors appear to relate to local volcanoes such as the Laguna Colorada vent but also Uturuncu; the latter conductor lies between depth, is less than wide and may consists of molten rock with saline aqueous fluids.
Finally, tectonic stress patterns delineate a wide ring surrounding the volcano that may be prone to fracturing; such a ring could constitute a future pathway for magma transport or the margin of a future caldera.
Whether the ongoing unrest at Uturuncu is part of a benign process of pluton growth or the prelude of a new eruption or even a caldera-forming eruption is an open question; a large caldera-forming eruption could have catastrophic, globe-spanning consequences as demonstrated by the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia and the 1600 eruption of Huaynaputina in Peru; this possibility has resulted in international media attention.
This is a List of United Kingdom uniformed services which includes all uniformed public, emergency, armed and charity services in the United Kingdom and overseas territories.
Annabel A Kidston (1896-1981) was a Scottish artist who painted in both oil and watercolours and was also an etcher, engraver and illustrator.
She then spent some time in Paris where she trained with André Lhote at Académie de la Grande Chaumière before returning to Scotland and spending three years as the head of the art department at Laurel Bank School in Glasgow.
Kidston left that post in 1926 and enrolled at the Slade School of Fine Art in London where she was taught wood engraving by Thomas Smith.
During World War II Kidston worked for the Committee for the Education for the Forces, running art and painting classes for troops, many from Poland, stationed in St Andrews during the conflict.
Living in St Andrews, Kidston became a member of a group of artists, that included Józef Sękalski and Alison McKenzie and Winifred McKenzie, that sought to promote wood engraving and became known as the St Andrews School.
Kidston went on to hold a number of posts in the group and also spent some time between 1947 and 1950 as a part-time lecturer at the Dundee College of Art.
She was a regular exhibitor with the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and also with both the Royal Scottish Academy and, on at least one occasion, the Royal Academy in London.
Both her sisters, Helen and Margaret, were also artists and after living in St Andrews, Kidston died at North Berwick in East Lothian.
It was opened on 6 November 1988 as part of the extension of Line 2 from La Paz to El Silencio.
The station serves as the northern terminus of the line and it is a transfer station, connected with Line 1 via Capitolio.
As an experienced bilingual diplomat (Minister Plenipotentiary) and an accomplished academic, Maurice Kamga has over 25 years of experience in practicing and teaching international law in general, and international justice, in particular.
Having focused a substantial part of his research on the international law of the sea, in particular following his selection in 1994 as the ninth recipient of the United Nations Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, Mr. Kamga has acquired extensive expertise in this very technical field of international law, with especial emphasis on the delimitation of maritime boundaries.
His current function as Secretary of the International Court of Justice in The Hague, where he has been working for twelve years.
The British decathlon champions and the British heptathlon champions covers three competitions; the current British Athletics Championships which was founded in 2007, the preceding AAA Championships (1928-2006) and the UK Athletics Championships which existed from 1977 until 1997 and ran concurrently with the AAA Championships.
Where an international athlete won the AAA Championships the highest ranking UK athlete is considered the National Champion in this list.
The property may well have been at the site of Newton House, a house with four stories and an attic, which dates from the late 17th century.
The Leyniers family is a bourgeois family that appeared in Brussels in the 15th century and produced many high-level tapestry makers and dyers, experts in the art of dyeing in subtle shades the woolen threads destined for this trade.
Many members of this family also participated in the management of the city of Brussels and were part of the magistracy either in the Guilds or in the Seven Noble Houses.
The members of the Leyniers family exercised their art of tapestry making until the last quarter of the eighteenth century and many museums in Europe and the rest of the world have tapestries from their workshops in their collections.
Daniel Leyniers was the last of this family to have exercised in this industry but despite all his efforts he was forced during the winter of 1767-1768 to definitively close his workshops.
The Leyniers family who participated with honor in the Resistance paid a heavy tribute to the defense of the fatherland during the Second World War and was decimated by the German occupation, murdered in the concentration camps or by firing squads.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual and UHF channel 5, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 LPTV Holdings.
Birth of the Muses is a 1944–1950 bronze sculpture by Jacques Lipchitz, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
The 1934 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1934 college football season.
In its first season under head coach Hunk Anderson, the team compiled a 2–6–1 record (1–3–1 against SoCon opponents) and was outscored by a total of 112 to 44.
At 18 years of age he moved to the national league, where he played 3 years with Adelaide City and one with Sydney Olympic.
Following retirement, Karlović was appointed the coach of the MetroStars, who won the 2014 NPL SA Premiership and subsequently the 2014 National Premier Leagues Champions.
His goal for the team is to lead them to the finals series for the first time in the club's history.
The 1933 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1933 college football season.
Collin Walke (born October 19, 1982) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 87th district since 2016.
When the grapes are fully ripe and all other needed conditions are met, a very good quality red wine can be made from them.
At the end of the 19th century it was planted approximately on 90% of all vineyards in Istria and hence was the most widespread grape variety in Istria.
The wine is known for its persistency and slightly higher acidity than other similar wines and is best served at about 18 degrees Celsius.
Its colour is ruby-red, almost purple, and it has high tannins and a typical, fruity aroma which is easy to recognize.
Muscat made his international debut for Malta on 18 November 2019 in a UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying match against Norway, which finished as a 1–2 home loss.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual and UHF channel 25, is owned by HC2 Holdings and licensed to HC2 Station Group.
Yakov Naumovich Drobnis (Russian: Яков Наумович Дробнис; 6 March 1890 – 1 February 1937) was a Bolshevik revolutionary who supported Leon Trotsky, and a defendant at one of the Moscow Show Trials.
Born to a large Jewish family of shoemakers, he became an apprentice shoemaker after leaving primary school, but ran away to Astrakhan at the age of 13.
As a Jew, he was not allowed to remain and was deported back to Hlukhiv, where he met a shoemaker who had deported from Baku for political activity that introduced him to other revolutionaries.
On his release, he moved to Vilnius, where he was arrested, for the third time in January 1915 and deported to Poltava, where he joined the local Bolshevik organisation.
In 1918, after the Bolshevik Revolution, he was a founder and member of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Communist Party.
During this period, he was kidnapped by bandits who held him hostage in a cellar until the Red Army secured his release.
He was recalled from Ukraine in 1922, because of his involvement with the Democratic Centralists, and worked the government of the Russian Federation for year, then in 1923-27, for Administrative and Financial Commission of the USSR government.
Drobnis signed the Declaration of the Forty-Six in 1923, and backed Trotsky in the split that opened up within the Communist Party after the death of its founder, Vladimir Lenin.
In 1924, Drobnis was passed a letter written by a fellow oppositionist named Pililenko, who called for mass recruitment to the left opposition, and reputedly advocated creating a breakaway political party.
In 1929, he was arrested and deported to Siberia, but in 1930 he renounced the opposition and was reinstated as a party member.
On 23 September, there was an explosion in a mine in Kemerovo, in Siberia, close to where he was employed in 1934-36 as an assistant director of the Kemerovo Chemical Works.
Though it was probably an accident, the NKVD treated it as sabotage, and forced Drobnis to confess his role in planning the explosion.
He appeared as a witness when the director and eight others employed at the mine were put on trial in Novosibirsk on 19–22 November.
The film received the Special Jury Prize at the 2019 BAFTA Student Film Awards and the Silver Medal in the Narrative International Category at the 46th Student Academy Awards.
Silje wants to leave her boyfriend, but when she finds him in a half-hearted attempt to hang himself she has to reconsider, in fear of acting reckless.
She underwent fitting out at the Washington Navy Yard and was commissioned there on 19 May 1831 under the command of Lieutenant H. E. V. Robinson.
The three schooners were under orders to patrol the coasts of the southern states to protect Southern live oak growing on public lands.
Her station was District 7, i.e., the Gulf Coast from the Perdido River (just west of Pensacola), to the mouth of the Sabine River.
She graduated from Utah Valley University with a bachelor's degree in political science, and a masters' in public administration from the University of Utah.
Prior to her appointment to the legislature, Pierucci interned in the Washington, D.C. office of Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, worked for Rep. Chris Stewart, R-Utah, and as development director for the Sutherland Institute, a conservative think tank.
Even Azucena de Jesús Pizango Polocena (born 15 April 1995) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a left back for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
The 2018 Tyrone Senior Football Championship is the 113th edition of Tyrone GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for clubs in Tyrone Senior Football League Division 1.
Relegation Playoff after a replay to Aghyaran St. Davog's, who in turn then lost their SFL/IFL Promotion/Relegation Playoff also after a replay to Dungannon Thomas Clarke's.
The winner plays the winner of the IFL promotion playoffs - if they win, they remain in the SFC and SFL - if they lose they are relegated to the IFC and IFL.
The IFC champions and the IFL champions are automatically promoted to the senior grade (If a team wins the IFC and IFL, the 2nd placed team in the IFL are automatically promoted).
2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th place in the IFL enter the IFL promotion semi-finals (If the IFC champions are placed in the top 5 the 6th placed team enter the IFL promotion semi-finals) with the eventual winner of the final earning the right to play the loser of the SFL relegation playoff in a relegation/promotion playoff.
The 1931 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1931 college football season.
The de Lens family, is a patrician and bourgeois family of Brussels, of which a branch settled in Paris in the century of Louis XIV.
Rhythm City Casino Resort is a casino and resort located in Davenport, Iowa, adjacent to the intersection of I-80 and I-74.
It later became the Rhythm City Casino, but the casino moved to a land-based site in the Northern part of the city in 2016.
The former location of the docked riverboat is planned to be converted into park space, as it is adjacent to LeClaire Park.
Rhythm City currently has over 32,000 square feet of gaming space with 1,000 slot machines, 25 table games, the Elite Sports Book, a hotel, four restaurants, and an event center.
Mount Hartzell is a mountain summit located in the Coast Mountains, in Joffre Lakes Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
It is situated east of Pemberton, midway between Mount Matier and Mount Spetch, each a half kilometre either side of Hartzell.
The mountain's name was submitted by Karl Ricker of the Alpine Club of Canada to honor Carl A. Hartzell, an early settler and postmaster at Pemberton.
The mountain and its climate supports the Hartzell Glacier on the southeast slope, and the Matier Glacier on the northern slope.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
In December 2013, she was accredited by the national jury of elections as a member of the Congress of the Republic for the National Solidarity Party, after congressman Michael Urtecho was removed from office.
As an educational entrepreneur, she founded Cesar Vallejo University with César Acuña, and she manages one of its subsidiaries in Piura.
In 2002, Rosa Núñez ran for mayor of the Víctor Larco Herrera District in Trujillo, representing the Democratic Force party and receiving 7.74% of votes.
She was nominated for the Congress of the Republic in the 2011 general election, representing the Department of La Libertad for the National Solidarity Party.
In mid-2013, a complaint was made against Núñez for trespassing on a piece of land valued at $100,000 in Trujillo's La Encalada area, and subsequently also denounced for trespassing on a piece of land of more than 1,000 square meters in Puerto Morín.
In December 2013, she was accredited by the national jury of elections to occupy the congressional seat formerly occupied by Michael Urtecho, representing La Libertad for the National Solidarity party.
Dhamua is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Dhamua had a total population of 10,055 of which 5,166 (51%) were males and 4,889 (49%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at Moukhali 1 km away, the nearest general degree college at Baruipur 16 km away.
After the partition of India, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata.
Players control Freeman's ally Alyx Vance as she and her father Eli Vance fight the Combine, an alien empire that has conquered Earth.
Every weapon can be used one-handed, as Valve wanted players to have a hand free to interact with the world at all times.
In 2015, Valve began work with the electronics company HTC to develop the HTC Vive, a virtual reality headset that released in 2016.
The team, comprising over 50 people, is the largest in Valve's history and includes Campo Santo, a studio Valve acquired in 2018.
The new Source 2 engine includes better support for VR as well as for collaborative level editing, and Valve plans to release a new Hammer level editor for Source 2 to take advantage of that.
Though some fans expressed excitement, others were disappointed that the game is only available in VR, still a small but growing market in 2019.
The Valve Index headset, controllers, and base stations all sold out in the United States, Canada, and Europe within a week of the game's announcement, and by mid-January 2020, were sold out in all 31 regions the units were offered.
The 1930 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1930 college football season.
In its first and only season under head coach John Van Liew, the team compiled a 2–8 record (1–5 against SoCon opponents), tied for 19th place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 125 to 54.
The film is produced by Ben McNeill and Katrina Lubans of Intrinsic Story, and scheduled for release in cinemas in 2021.
With his family in denial and all their lives at stake, Oliver confronts and challenges their story, the skeleton of a nation in denial of its past.
The teaser utilised a newly recorded version of the well-known Australian bush ballad Waltzing Matilda, composed by Josh Beattie and sung by Ben Altschwager.
The clip garnered over 250,000 views in a matter of days across Intrinsic's social media channels, leading the production team to announce that further teasers would be produced.
The station closed in 1930 but the line remained open for goods with two power stations: Longannet power station and Kincardine power station.
A second station opened in 1992 but was short lived because it was only used for workers at Longannet power station so it closed later in the same year.
Askeaton Abbey was founded for the Order of Friars Minor Conventual by Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond between 1389 and 1400; or by James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond in 1420.
The abbey was reformed under the Order of Friars Minor in 1490; it was reformed again in 1513 and a provincial chapter held there in 1564.
Askeaton was plundered and later abandoned by Nicholas Malby's men in 1579 during the Second Desmond Rebellion, and some of the friars were killed.
Notable features include the cloister with its carvings of Francis of Assisi with stigmata, a Mass dial, sedilia, several Fitzgerald dynasty tombs, and a carving of Christ as the Man of Sorrows.
Naji Maurice Marshall (born January 24, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Xavier Musketeers of the Big East Conference.
As a sophomore, he transferred to Eleanor Roosevelt High School to play under coach Brendan O'Connell but was academically ineligible his first year.
He led Eleanor Roosevelt to a 24-3 record and scored 27 points to lead the Raiders past Perry Hall High School 69-59, in the Maryland 4A state semifinals.
He was considered to be a four-star prospect by three recruiting sites, and ESPN ranked him as the 20th best small forward in his class.
Marshall earned his first Big East player of the week honors on December 31, 2018 after scoring 19 points, grabbing a career-high 14 rebounds, and notching four assists in a 74-65 win against DePaul.
After scoring 28 points in a win at Seton Hall on February 20, 2019, and recording 17 points in a win over Villanova on February 24, Marshall was again named Big East player of the week.
Marshall averaged 14.7 points, 7.2 rebounds, and 3.4 assists per game, shooting 39.4 percent from the field and 27.7 percent from behind the arc.
Coming into his junior season, Marshall was named to the preseason First Team All-Big East and was on the watchlist for the Julius Erving Award.
The Sweerts House is one of the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels along with the Houses of: Sleeus, Serhuyghs, Steenweeghs, Coudenbergh, Serroelofs and Roodenbeke.
The Sweerts House was charged with the defence of the Flanders Gate, seconded as of 1422 by the nation of Saint-Gilles.
The Seven noble houses of Brussels (, ) were the seven families of Brussels whose descendants formed the patrician class of that city, and to whom special privileges in the government of that city were granted until the end of the Ancien Régime.
In May 2019, it was announced Geraldine Viswanathan, Dacre Montgomery and Utkarsh Ambudkar joined the cast of the film, with Natalie Krinsky directing from a screenplay she wrote.
In September 2019, it was announced Molly Gordon, Suki Waterhouse, Phillipa Soo, Arturo Castro and Bernadette Peters had joined the cast of the film.
The 1929 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1929 college football season.
In its fifth and final season under head coach Gus Tebell, the team compiled a 2–8 record (1–5 against SoCon opponents), finished in 22nd place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 207 to 44.
The 2020 International Rules Series will be the 21st International Rules Series contested by Gaelic footballers from Ireland and Australian footballers from Australia.
The series will be held in Ireland and is the first series to be arranged by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and Australian Football League (AFL) since November 2017.
As the GAA had scheduled an exhibition hurling match between Galway and Kilkenny at the Sydney Showground Stadium in November 2018, the two associations met to discuss the prospect of holding a series the following year.
As time passed the prospect of a series in 2019 failed to materialise and the GAA eventually confirmed that insufficient time remained to stage the event.
In November 2019 the AFL and GAA announced dates for a two-test series in 2020 to be held in Ireland, and also confirmed a return series in Australia in 2022.
The GAA also revealed that a memorial will be staged ahead of the second test in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Bloody Sunday massacre, which saw fourteen civilians killed at a Gaelic football match at Croke Park during the Irish War of Independence.
The 2019 Saint Mary's Gaels men's soccer team represented Saint Mary's College of California during the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer season and the 2019 West Coast Conference men's soccer season.
It was the program's 42nd season fielding a men's varsity soccer team, and their 32nd season in the West Coast Conference.
He joined the National Union of Corporation Workers, and when the firemen's branch split away to form the Firemen's Trade Union, he became increasingly prominent in the new union.
He was unsuccessful, but in 1932 he achieved an agreement that firemen's wages would thereafter follow those of the police when they were increased, and this happened in 1934.
At the 1934 London County Council election, the Labour Party won control of the council, and Kingdom hoped it would agree a 48 hour maximum working week for firefighters.
On the outbreak of World War II, Kingdom was reluctant to accept members of the new Auxiliary Fire Service as members of the union, and when they did join, did little to represent them.
Zaid Kilani (1938 - 9 November 2019) was a Jordanian physician specializing in obstetrics and gynecology and founder and director of Farah Maternity Hospital in Amman, and a member of the Jordanian Senate.
He was born in Nazareth-Palestine, but immigrated to Lebanon with his parents and then to Jordan where he completed his primary education.
The 2019 Loyola Marymount Lions men's soccer team represented Loyola Marymount University during the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer season and the 2019 West Coast Conference men's soccer season.
It was the program's 41st season fielding a men's varsity soccer team, and their 32nd season in the West Coast Conference.
Bitcoin used repeated evaluation of SHA function as proof of work, but it turned out that modern general purpose processors, i.e.
Because if some people can evaluate the function efficiently and some can't, then in order to make the function relatively hard for the short-cut takers, we will make the function too hard for a regular user.
dMHFs are that which sometimes you don't know which pieces of information you would still need for later calculations, and iMHFs are ones that there's no such ambiguity.
For iMHFs in the parallel random oracle model (pROM), it is a known fact that the cumulative pebbling complexity is lower-bounded and upper-bounded by the depth-robustness of a graph.
In October 2019, it was announced Suki Waterhouse had joined the cast of the film, with Simon Barrett directing from a screenplay he wrote.
Servius was the son of Publius Cornelius Maluginensis, consular tribune in 404, and the grandson of Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, consul in 436.
The cognomen indicates that the family originated from (or had properties in) a town name Malugino, although no place of that name has been identified yet.
His colleague were Lucius Valerius Poplicola, Publius Valerius Potitus Poplicola, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, Gaius Sulpicius Peticus, Lucius Aemilius Mamercinus, Gnaeus Sergius Fidenas Coxo, Tiberius Papirius Crassus, and Lucius Papirius Mugillanus.
His colleague were Titus Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus, Servius Sulpicius Praetextatus, Spurius Servilius Structus, Lucius Papirius Crassus, and Lucius Veturius Crassus Cicurinus.
SS Gedania was an oil tanker built in 1919-1920 at Kiel, Germany for the Standard Oil of New Jersey's transatlantic shipments to Germany, and registered under the flag of the Free City of Danzig.
In 1940 the tanker was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine and converted to a support ship for naval operations in the Atlantic.
In 1947 it returned to commercial service as Southern Garden with the South Georgia Company, transporting whale oil from the southern Atlantic, and carrying supplies and personnel to the whaling stations.
The steam tanker Gedania was launched in September 1919 by Howaldtswerke at Kiel, as Yard No 587, and given a Latin name for Danzig.
It was powered by a 4-cylinder quadruple expansion engine of 404nhp, also made by Howaldtswerke, driving a single screw propeller, giving the ship a service speed of .
In 1919, before the two ships were completed, they were transferred to Baltisch-Amerikanische Petroleum Import Gesellschaft (BAPIG), a Standard Oil subsidiary in the Free City of Danzig, and registered there in order not to be included in the war reparations arrangements under the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 which caused DAPG to lose their German-flag ships.
During her service with BAPIG, the vessel was largely used to transport oil from the ports of Gulf Coast of the United States and Mexico to Germany.
In 1933 the tanker's ownership was transferred to the Waried company and registry changed from Danzig to Hamburg, under German flag.
In 1922 a Bauer-Wach low pressure exhaust turbine was additionally fitted, increasing the engine power from 404nhp to 462nhp and 3000ihp.
After taking on some of fresh water, she sailed on the afternoon of 29 May with an escort of armed trawlers on a southerly bearing that would take her towards Bilbao.
A landing party visited the ship to search for any cryptographic material that may not have been destroyed and to sail her to Scotland.
The crew had left scuttling charges as they had left the ship as per instructions, but the damage to the ship was insufficient to sink her and she was soon sufficiently repaired to enable her to be get under steam.
The mission of the ship was initially thought to be as a supply ship for U-boats in the Southern Atlantic Ocean.
However it was noticed that she held specific ammunition that could only be used by surface vessels as well as containing space for 120 prisoners, all indicative of a mission to supply surface craft.
Certainly the initial mission of the ship seemed to be to sail into the Central Atlantic, then find and takeover the patrol of the supply tanker .
Despite repairs in the UK of damage from the scuttling charges when converted to a naval tanker, it continued to require further attention during its MoWT service.
The return voyage from Hong Kong to the UK via Abadan took six months, with stops for repairs in Singapore, Colombo and Karachi.
The accommodation added in 1940 intended for prisoners was upgraded to be used for transporting the crews of locally-based whale catchers and other employees.
During the major refit the ship caught fire and when leaving Liverpool in May 1948 engine trouble developed requiring a return for repairs at Birkenhead, where another fire broke out.
The ship had further engine trouble on her subsequent return from South Georgia and had to be assisted back before going to South Shields for extensive repairs.
The Other Side of Aspen is a 1978 American gay pornographic film produced by Falcon Studios starring Casey Donovan, Al Parker, and Dick Fisk.
The film was Falcon's first feature-length release, and is noted as one of the first adult films to be published on videocassette.
In San Francisco, a skiing instructor (Jeff Turk) recounts to his friend (Mike Flynn) a particular incident that occurred during his recent visit to Aspen, Colorado.
While traveling to instruct two clients (Al Parker and Casey Donovan), he witnessed two men (Chad Benson and Dick Fisk) having sex in a cabin.
Upon arriving at his destination, he found his clients also having sex; they are subsequently joined by the men from the cabin and the instructor in an orgy.
Having recounted the story, the instructor comments that he is aroused; he exposes his penis to his friend, who reaches for it.
Holmes regularly took skiing trips, and filmed scenes for the studio on one such trip so he could claim the vacation as a write-off.
The film's setting of Aspen, Colorado references the city's popularity as a destination for LGBT tourists; in 1979, the city was the first municipality in Colorado to pass a non-discrimination ordinance, and has hosted Aspen Gay Ski Week annually since that same year.
After filming concluded in Lake Tahoe, Holmes, director Matt Sterling, and Falcon co-founder Vaughn Kincey elected to shoot additional scenes of dialogue in San Francisco.
The film's first sex scene between Donovan and Parker was improvised; initiated as a still photography session, the encounter was filmed after the actors began to have sex of their own accord.
During the encounter, Donovan was fisted by Parker; this was cut from the film's original 1978 release, but was included in its 2002 re-release.
As the majority of Falcon's business was conducted through mail order, reservation cards and a brochure promoting the film were sent to the top customers on Falcon's mailing list.
In 2002, the film's re-release won Best Classic Gay DVD at the GayVN Awards, and Best Classic Video at the Grabby Awards.
He served with the Royal Engineers during World War I, then after the war returned to Hull and joined the Ship Constructive and Shipwrights' Association.
In 1936, he was elected to the union's executive committee, and in 1946, he became the union's assistant general secretary, narrowly defeating John McMillan in an election.
He complained that he could not afford a house suitable for his family on his salary, and so the union agreed to purchase a house for them.
Shyampur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Shyampur had a total population of 22,024 of which 11,415 (52%) were males and 10,609 (48%) were females.
Among the educational facilities it had were 14 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Magrahat 12 km away.
In Celtic mythology, the ford was of great importance as a place of passage or limit, a particular goddess Ritona was dedicated to him.
Moreover, many bronze objects such as axes, spear points, were thrown intact as an offering to the deities of the living waters, mainly in privileged places such as crossings.
The 1928 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1928 college football season.
In its fifth and final season under head coach Gus Tebell, the team compiled a 4–5–1 record (1–4–1 against SoCon opponents), finished in 17th place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 157 to 100.
The Church of St. Demetrius in Kosovo Mitrovica is the church of the Serbian Orthodox Church, owned by the Rasko-Prizren diocese.
Due to the separation, the Church of St. Sava, located in the southern (Albanian) part of the city, became inaccessible to the Serbs who migrated to the northern part of the city.
The place for the construction of a new temple is carefully selected and dominant; the temple is visible from any part of the city.
The construction of the church was completed in November 2005, the consecration ceremony was held on Dmitriev Day in the same year.
The church, dedicated to St. Demetrius of Solunsky, is a one-nave seven-domed structure with one main central dome and four smaller domes between the shoulders of the inscribed cross, with two more smaller domes above the proskomidia and deaconesses and a separate tower bell tower in the west.
The nave is reduced by three semicircular arches, the narthex by two smaller domes with an octagonal vestibule above the chapels, and in the central part by a semi-arched vault, and the nave by a vaulted arch resting on the walls of the facade and two round arches.
Floorball at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the University of the Philippines College of Human Kinetics Gymnasium in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines from 25 November to 1 December 2019.
The top two of group played for the gold medal and the third and fourth place of group played for the bronze medal.
The top two of group played for the gold medal and the third and fourth place of group played for the bronze medal.
Kwaku Amoa-Awuah (14 July 1926 – 23 January 2015), also known by the name Kwaku Manu, was a Ghanaian politician in the first republic.
During the fourth republic he was made chairman of the council elders of the Convention People's Party, a post he held until December 2014.
His pursued his secondary education at Trinity College, Suhum, from 1941 to 1946, and that year he obtained his Cambridge School Certificate.
In 1953, he was elected as a member of the Suhum Local Council; that same year, he formed a building firm, the Larsa Company, through partnerships with Lathi Asiedu and Godwin Manu.
While in parliament, he served as deputy minister (parliamentary secretary) for various ministries, he was the deputy minister for finance from 1957 to 1960 and in November 1960 he was the parliamentary secretary at the Economic Secretariat (this Secretariat was later merged with the office of Heavy Industries).
In June 1962 he was the deputy minister for Fisheries (under the Ministry of Agriculture) and in May 1964 he became the deputy minister for Health.
In February 1965 he was appointed Minister for Labour, a non-cabinet ranked position, and served until February 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
During the fourth republic, he served as the chairman of the council of elders for the Convention People's Party, a post he held until December 2014, the month before his death.
The Monument to the Serbian and Albanian Partisans (also known as the Monument to the Partisans and Miners and the Monement to the Heroes of the National Liberation War) honors the Albanian and Serbian partisans from Kosovo and Metohija who died in World War II in Yugoslavia from 1941–1945.
The idea of building the monument was put forward in 1959 on the day of the 20th anniversary of the Trepch miners' strike.
The monument preserves the memory of local partisan fighters of Serbian and Albanian nationalities who formed a partisan mountain company, which fought against the occupying Axis forces, and local collaborators.
A large number of bronze plaques are installed at the base of the monument, as well as two symbolic cenotaphs: one in front and one behind the monument.
The cenotaph in front of the monument consists of four white tombstones with the names of the killed Albanian and Serbian partisans.
The lower part of the columns is covered with graffiti, and most of the copper plates on the sides of the gutters fell off over time due to lack of maintenance and weather conditions.
The men's floorball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the University of the Philippines College of Human Kinetics Gymnasium in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines from 25 November to 1 December 2019.
In 1948, the union's assistant general secretary, John Willcocks, was elected as general secretary, and Williams won the election to become his assistant.
In 1957, when Willcocks retired, Williams overwhelmingly won the election to replace him, taking 3,997 votes, while his four opponents took fewer than 1,000 votes between them.
As general secretary, Williams immediately led the union in a Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions strike, calling for an increase in wages.
This led Williams to agree to agree to a Trades Union Congress proposal that the union merge into the United Society of Boilermakers, Shipbuilders and Structural Workers.
Local events would be filed under The Grape Vine, and Constable [Bill] Riddle’s Corner featured safety tips, later being written by Constable Gerry George.
Nolan’s editorials ranged from congratulating local sports teams, himself an avid soccer and hockey player, to calling out suspicious political dealings.
The new publisher was Ted Tyler Jr., issues were coming out on Thursdays, and it had become a free publication again.
He won Citizen of the Year in 1982, and was a longtime member of the Acton Heritage Committee, leading the old Town Hall restoration.
The paper continued to publish in 2016 with Tyler as publisher and editor and Traci Gardner as assistant editor, as a weekly 12 page paper for 40 cents an issue.
Miryam Veruzhka Tristán Mancilla (born 19 April 1985) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a left winger for Panamanian club Navy Bay Colón and the Peru women's national team.
Nainan is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
The women's floorball tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the University of the Philippines College of Human Kinetics Gymnasium in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines from 25 November to 1 December 2019.
Diabaté made his professional debut for the Niger national football team in a friendly 3-3 tie with the Central African Republic on 27 May 2018.
The Crab is a 1917 silent film drama directed by Walter Edwards and starring child actress Thelma Salter and actor Frank Keenan.
She has taught at Helsinki University, Goldsmiths College and finally Royal Holloway University where she is Professor of Contemporary Literature and Gender Studies.
Pakor I (also spelled Pakoros I) was king of Persis in the first half of the 1st century CE, a vassal state of the Parthian Empire.
He is known to have adopted on his coins the same hairstyle used on the coins of the Parthian king Phraates III ().
Released as an album track, the song has since seen positive critical reception and has been included in compilation albums and in Costello's live setlists.
If there is a lie being told, then it is the one that a girl might be prepared to live or tell, in order to live up to some false ideal of attraction.
The show's music supervisor, Blake Leyh, was a punk-rock fan and wanted a female-sung track that would be historically accurate to the show.
In an egocentric network analysis, a singular individual, his or her network members, and (occasionally), the ties between those alters are the focal point of the analysis.
On the other hand, the sociocentric network approach utilizes a bounded group as the unit of analyses, examining all ties between actors in the group.
This has been utilized to study health in retirement communities and entire cities (e.g., the Framingham Heart Study), as well as in the workplace and classroom settings.
Sociocentric networks could be used to answer research questions focused on dyads, but the time, cost, and difficulty of collecting network data from all members in a bounded group is often prohibitive.
Because the dyad is selected for a specific network research question, they are more likely to be central members of their networks and better positioned to accurately report on their network contacts.
Because the focus of a duocentered network is only two individuals rather than a larger group, it will ostensibly be easier to gather usable information.
Unit non-response follows from this difficulty; if people are unable to report connections, certain analyses that rely on these connections may not be possible.
Compositional measures are the characteristics of the individuals who make up the network or other societal norms and structures that may influence the structure and function of a social network.
Compositional measures include social support, intimate relationship approval from network members, proportion of family or friends in the network, demographic characteristics, and norms.
Although primarily supported in egocentric network analyses, evidence suggest that dyads can influence the composition and structure of the duocentric networks in which they are embedded.
For example, Bryant, Conger & Meehan (2001) found that a wife’s marital satisfaction predicted lower discord between husbands and the wife’s parents at a later time.
One of the first studies examining duocentric social networks was Elizabeth Bott's 1957 finding that the density of spouse's separate networks is positively associated with marital role segregation, a finding now known as the Bott Hypothesis.
While Bott did not examine the overlapping network of spouses, her work was among the first to collect network data separately from both members of a dyad, and use that data to predict a dyadic phenomenon.
Additionally, one finding suggests that more equal numbers of each partner's family contained in the overlapping network is associated with higher marital satisfaction for heterosexual couples.
Additionally, marriages in which both spouses are in their first marriage have larger networks than marriages in which both spouse is remarried.
Other studies have highlighted non-results, including that social network density is not associated with relationship satisfaction and that density is not associated with marital role segregation (a refutation of the Bott Hypothesis).
One of the earliest examples examined the frequency with which two people mutually named one another in their respective network reports.
The study recruited one person who listed their network members, then those network members were contacted and asked to list their own network members.
Another study of parents of children with brain tumors found that overlap of non-kin was near 50%, while overlap for kin was slightly higher.
More peripheral overlapping ties (i.e., those to whom the couple is less close) was associated with lower rates of mental health disorders.
Monozygotic twins had the most overlap in their peer networks (82%), followed by same-sex dizygotic twins (67%), same-sex virtual twins (e.g., unrelated peers matched on certain characteristics; 62%), friend-friend pairs (48%), opposite-sex dizygotic twins (42%), same-sex full siblings (39%), opposite sex virtual twins (37%), and opposite-sex full siblings (27%).
Another example used pairs of corporations engaged in a business alliance as the focal unit, and found that the more common partners (i.e., overlap) between the two firms, the less likely their alliance would dissolve.
(2015) outline the most rigorous duocentric network study as one in which both members of the dyad report the specific individuals contained in their social networks.
However, the time and cost of this form of data collection has led researchers to use less stringent techniques to gather information on a dyadic network.
Rather than asking respondents to list the specific people contained in their social network, researchers occasionally ask for global perceptions of network qualities from both members of a dyad.
This methodology limits many structural analyses because the relationships between network members is unknown, unless the structural qualities are addressed at a global level (e.g., for global perceptions of overlap, see Kearns & Leonard (2004)).
For example, in the study of intimate relationship research, this methodology has been used to show how global perceptions of approval from the network vary across relationship stage, closeness to family predicts changes in marital happiness, the degree to which liking one’s partner’s family predicts relationship dissolution, the effect of network support on relationship satisfaction, and the relationship between time spent with the network and relationship commitment.
Another variant of the duocentric network approach is to interview only one member of a focal dyad, but require the individual to report on both their own and the other person’s social network, or the other individual’s relationship to their own network.
Another study asked respondents to report their perception of approval from their relationship partner’s family (another global measure), which was found to be negatively associated with relationship dissolution.
This method allowed the researcher to understand how much of the ego’s social network overlapped with his or her partner without collecting information from the partner.
Another study asked homeless youth to list recent sexual partners, other non-sexual partner network members, and the relationships between these alters.
The risk of unprotected sex was higher to the degree that sexual partners knew other members of the youth’s social network.
The pier serves for destinations to Ita Thao Pier and Shuishe Pier at the other perimeter sides of Sun Moon Lake.
Rusticoville is located south of North Rustico and in the central part of the province on the north shore, fronting the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
The regiment was raised on 16 September 1859 after the Kingdom of Sardinia had annexed Lombardy after the successful conclusion of the Second Italian War of Independence.
The regiment was instantly employed in the Italian campaigns in central and Southern Italy, earning a Bronze Medal of Military Valour for its conduct at Senigallia where it charged a column of papal troops.
During World War I the regiment served on the Italian front, earning its second Bronze Medal of Military Valour for its conduct during the Battle of Monastier on 19 June 1918.
Afterwards the regiment remained on the anti-partisan duty in occupied Yugoslavia until it dissolved around 8 September 1943 after Italy had changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the squadrons group was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
At this stage the Lancieri di Milano was equipped with a mix of Leopard 1A2 main battle tanks and VCC-1 armored personnel carriers.
With the end of the Cold War the army began to draw down its forces and one of the first units to disband was the Lancieri di Milano on 10 December 1989.
When Stajcic took over the job as coach of the Matildas in 2014, Barrett was elevated to the head coaching position.
While coach of Sydney, they played in the finals every year, and played in the grand final in 2016, where they lost to Melbourne City.
Barrett was then appointed as the coach for the Western Sydney Wanderers for the 2018-19 season, where he aimed to improve on the club's history of under-performance, but he was replaced after one season in charge with Dean Heffernan.
The show, featuring professional nanny Jo Frost, is an adaptation of the British series of the same name (also featuring Jo Frost).
Frost spends the first day in observation mode, taking mental notes to assess the situation and to devise a plan of action.
After the first day, she holds the parents' meeting (with clips showing the parents initial reaction), where she praises the family for their beautiful children and then mentions the problems noted.
For example, if she determines that the children are misbehaving due to a lack of scheduled activity time with the parents, she will bring in a set schedule, customized for the family's needs.
Sometimes the rules are predetermined by Frost, and other times she provides a blank paper and has the family devise them.
The parents' actions are still being filmed, and upon her return Frost calls another parents' meeting to praise them for doing well and/or show them where they went wrong.
Later episodes feature the family at a later time showing how well her techniques have worked, along with (after the credits, often featuring a blooper segment) a teaser segment for the next week's episode.
A side of the newssheet could be ready on a Saturday, while the final side would not be until the night before delivery.
The paper’s location moved throughout the town from the Acton Post Office in 1875, Matthews Hall, above Hotchken's Bakery, the Adams family property at the corner of Mill and John, finally settling in modern plants during 1927 and 1959.
A subscription cost of $1/year was set by Hacking, surging up to $4.00 in the 1960s, $7 for outside of Canada.
The paper followed the format of many community newspapers, with Neighbourhood News for surrounding areas, Sunday school psalms, local poetry, ads for the leather industry, vital records and tax reminders.
Joseph Hacking was born March 2, 1837, one of 12 children to William, a painter, and Margaret, of Leeds, England and Limerick, Ireland, respectively.
The earliest mention of his involvement in printing comes out of Detroit, circa 1864, where he is listed as a printer in the Commercial Advertiser office.
As to why this was, we can assume his father's purchase of an acre of land in 1855, where the post office (and future site of the paper) sits, may be related.
Having been incorporated as a village in 1865, the 800 strong community of Acton would now have a 4 page paper of its own.
Hacking wished to be clear regarding his paper's stance on politics from the outset, with this prospectus from the first issue.
This philosophy would be openly continued by subsequent publishers with Mr. Hacking's departure and hand off of the paper to the Moore brothers and Mr. Galbraith in 1877.
During this time, his Excelsior Printing House won awards for ornamental and letterpress work at the 1874 and 1875 Guelph Central Exhibition.
After the passing of his first wife while in Winnipeg, he relocated to Buffalo, married again and passed away April 18, 1895 at the age of 58.
With a glowing obituary in the April 25, 1895 issue of the Free Press, Hacking was laid to rest in a family plot near Listowel, Fairview Cemetery in North Perth.
Apprenticed to Hacking during the first years of the paper, T. Albert would leave soon after to become Moderator for the United Church of Canada, leaving his brother Henry Philip to take up the reins.
An Actonian from birth, H. P. was born on October 18th, 1857 or 1858, marrying Harriet Speight (whose sister Lottie was married to Thomas Albert) at the age of 22.
He would steward the newspaper through until his death in 1929, in the grand home called Moorecroft (corner of Frederick and Church Street) featuring a monumental stained-glass window of his hero, Charlemagne.
Henry was well-known for his homemade birdhouses he gave to children, and having struck up a friendship with Sir Harry Brittain, founder of the Commonwealth Press Union, which to led to an exchanging of town coat of arms with England's Acton.
He was a Police Magistrate for counties of Halton, Peel and Wellington, so dedicated to his position that the paper printed this during its 100th Anniversary issue.
Sons David and Jim Dills continued the Dills newspapers, David leaving the navy and Jim finishing a Journalism degree at Ryerson.
The paper historically served the communities of Eden Mills, Rockwood, Nassagaweya, Acton, Georgetown, Milton, Everton, Ospringe, Campbellville, Limehouse, Ballinafad, Silvercreek, Erin Village, Glen Williams, Moffat, Churchill, Ebenezer and Silverwood.
The 1926 NC State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1926 college football season.
In its third season under head coach Gus Tebell, the team compiled a 4–6 record (0–4 against SoCon opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 102 to 66.
She received the Hamao Umezawa Memorial Award on November 24, 2017 at the 30th annual meeting for the International Society of Chemotherapy for Infection and Cancer, held in Taipei, Taiwan.
He served as the Director of Aviation, Headquarters Marine Corps and is considered a pioneer in the development of today's Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS).
His radar and electrical engineering background led to his near decade long involvement with the development of the Marine Tactical Data System (MTDS).
He served as the commanding officer (CO) of Marine Air Control Squadron 3 (MACS-3) for more than four years from 1961-1965 as MTDS went through operational test and evaluation.
Later assignments included a tour in Vietnam as the CO of Marine Air Control Group 18 (MACG-18), time as Commanding General Marine Corps Air Bases Western Area and two years as the Director of Marine Corps Aviation.
The Marine Corps Aviation Association award given annually to the top Marine Corps Aviation Command and Control Unit is named in his honor.
He was the president of his senior class at the Missouri School of Mines and graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering in February 1943.
North Carolina as a radar officer with the 9th Marine Aircraft Wing (9th MAW) and later with Aircraft, Fleet Marine Force Pacific in Hawaii.
Upon his return to the United States in January 1946, he entered flight training at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas.
He received his wings and was designated a Naval Aviator upon completion of flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida on June 27, 1947.
After completing advanced training at the Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida he was assigned to the Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California for duty as a flight officer with VMF-312 with a follow on tour as the Executive Officer of the station's Headquarters Squadron.
He remained at Quantico for a few more months before attending United States Naval Postgraduate Schools at Annapolis, Maryland and Monterey, California.
From June through October 1954 he refreshed his pilot qualifications with VMFT-10 prior to his next assignment as Executive Officer of VMF-115 from December 1954 until December 1955.
In June 1957, General Fris reported to Headquarters Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., for duty as Head, Aviation Electronics Logistics Section, Division of Aviation, for three years.
During his time at HQMC Aviation, then Major Fris was responsible for writing the Marine Corps' requirements for their new aviation command and control program of record - Marine Tactical Data System (MTDS).
In July 1959, he was made the Marine Corps Liaison Officer with Litton Industries in Los Angeles, California overseeing the design and development of the MTDS program.
From September 1961 until February 1965, he served as the Commanding Officer of Marine Air Control Squadron 3 (MACS-3) at Marine Corps Air Facility Santa Ana, California.
During this time, MACS-3 was the designated operational test and evaluation squadron for MTDS seeing it through numerous financial and developmental issues until officially fielded in 1966.
General Fris was reassigned to Headquarters Marine Corps in August 1966, as Head, Aviation Command Control and Communications Branch, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff (Air).
He was the first officer to serve in this newly formed billet which today is known as Branch Head, Aviation Expeditionary Enablers (APX-1).
Following this assignment he took command of Marine Air Control Group 18 (MACG-18), in July 1968 and served a year in Danang, South Vietnam.
Upon his return to the United States, he was promoted to Brigadier General on August 22, 1969, and designated as Inspector General of the Marine Corp until July 1970, when he assumed duty as Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff (Programs).
Detached from Headquarters Marine Corps in October 1971, he again reported to MCAS El Toro, where he commanded the Air Station and Marine Corps Air Bases Western Area.
Following his promotion to Major General he returned to Headquarters Marine Corps and served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Aviation.
Following his advancement to Lieutenant General on August 27, l974, he became Commanding General, Marine Corps Development and Education Command (MCDEC), MCB Quantico, Virginia remaining in that billet until his retirement.
Lt Gen Fris passed away on 17 May 2010 and is buried in Quantico National Cemetery with his wife and son.
The Marine Corps Aviation Association's annual award for the Marine Aviation Command and Control Unit of the year is named after LtGen Fris.
The Animals in War & Peace Medal of Bravery was instituted in 2019 in the United States by Robin Hutton to honor the work of American animals in war and peace.
The first recipients received their awards on November 14, 2019 either posthumously or in person at a ceremony attended by dignitaries on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.
The horse, Sergeant Reckless, served with the US Marines in numerous combat actions during the Korean War, carrying supplies and ammunition, and was also used to evacuate wounded.
Other posthumous medals were awarded to Chips, a pet husky mix who served in World War II; Stormy, a German shepherd who helped capture enemy soldiers during the Vietnam war; Lucca, an IED detecting dog, protected thousands of human lives as part of her assignments.
On her last mission in 2012, when she was on patrol in Afghanistan, she sniffed out a 30-pound (13.6-kilogram) IED and was continuing her search when she lost one of her legs when another IED detonated underneath her.
At the 2019 ceremony a campaign was initiated to create an International War Animals Museum that will recognize animal heroism in war and peace.
Lynda Blanchard (born July 4, 1959) is an American businesswoman who has served as the United States Ambassador to Slovenia since 2019.
Rotary atomizers use a high speed rotating disk, cup or wheel to discharge liquid at high speed to the perimeter, forming a hollow cone spray.
Many industries use processes like evaporative cooling, meteorology, printing, medical applications, spray combustion, coating, and drying, which need to convert a large mass of liquid into a dispersion of smaller droplets of a size range of microns.
Generally, it is done by producing a high speed between the phase of gases and the submerged liquid to be atomized.
The liquid can also be atomized by using a reverse process, instead of accelerating the liquid, gas can be accelerated to achieve a relatively higher speed than the liquid.
Still, for special applications, alternative atomizer types are there such as the 'electrostatic' atomizer in which electrical pressure is used to drive the atomization, and the 'ultrasonic' atomizing device in which the liquid is passed through a transducer vibrating at ultrasonic frequencies to generate shorter wavelengths which convert the fluid into smaller droplets.
Rotary atomizers work on the principle of centrifugal energy; this energy is used to produce a high relative speed between the fluid and air which is essential for atomization.
The liquid first flows radially outwards in the disc and is then released from the disc's outer limits at a relatively very high speed.
At a comparatively high flow rate, ligaments are generated along the disc's outer limits which later on break into smaller droplets.
When the flow rate is further increased, the ligaments become unable to fit in with the liquid flow, and hence a fine sheet of liquid is produced which expands past the disc's rim.
Even small-sized atomizer of 10 cm diameter revolving at 30,000 rpm can impart an acceleration of 490, 000 m/s (which is fifty thousand times of gravity) on the liquid fuel.
Size of droplet formed by atomizer depends on various properties of the fluid (both liquid and gaseous fluid) such as density, viscosity and surface tension between fluids.
The rotary atomizer in which liquid is revolving along with it at the rate of ω and has radial channels at nominal radius R=(R+R)/2 in the edge from which high-speed liquid interacts with gas to form droplets.
Considering the nominal radius of the channel and thus of mass of liquid inside channel equal to R, the liquid inside channel will experience the centrifugal acceleration of Rω, which causes the liquid to form a thin layer of thickness t on both walls of the channel.
It is the ratio of the force applied by the gas on the liquid layer to the surface tension force acting on liquid.
For practical fuel atomizer, Ohnesorge number is limited to Oh«1 and the size of the droplet are not much affected by Ohnesorge number.
For small values of We, surface tension is dominant, and this force pulls the liquid towards the wall of the channel, making a single column that eventually breaks after meeting air resulting in comparatively larger droplets.
Whereas, for the supercritical breakup of liquid (more significant values of We), force applied by gas is dominant for breaking of liquid which results in fine small size of droplets.
The , signed as Route K3, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area and is one of six of the routes in the system serving Kanagawa Prefecture.
The route is a long radial highway running west from the Bayshore Route in Naka-ku, Yokohama near Haneda International Airport in Tokyo to the Yokohama Yokosuka Road and the Yokohama Shindō in Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama.
Alongside the Yokohama Yokosuka Road, it connects central Yokohama to the Tōmei Expressway and the Bayshore Route which, in turn, connect to the rest of the Greater Tokyo Area and points beyond.
In this ward Route K3 meets its western terminus at Kariba Junction where it merges into the Yokohama Yokosuka Road and the Yokohama Shindō.
The speed limit along almost the first of the Kariba Route from the Bayshore Route to Hanaoki is set at 50 km/h.
The remainder of the route between Hananoki and the route's western terminus at Kariba Junction has a speed limit that is increased to 60 km/h.
The first section of the Kariba Route was opened to traffic on 2 February 1984 between the interchanges at Shin-yamashita and Yokohama-kōen.
The expressway was extended direction to its eastern terminus at Honmoku Junction where it meets the Bayshore Route on 27 September 1987 upon the completion of the Yokohama Bay Bridge along the Bayhore Route.
Laws were introduced to provide equality for black Cubans and greater rights for women, and there were attempts to improve communications, medical facilities, health, housing, and education.
By the end of the 1960s, all Cuban children were receiving some education (compared with less than half before 1959), unemployment and corruption were reduced, and great improvements were made in hygiene and sanitation.
His many reforms (healthcare, education, and equality) gave opportunities to those Afro-Cubans who lived in poverty because of the racial discrimination in Cuba.
The Cuban Revolution () was a guerrilla campaign by Fidel Castro's revolutionary 26th of July Movement and others against the dictatorship of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.
The revolution started in July 1953, and continued to varying degrees until the rebels finally ousted Batista on 31 December 1958, creating a new revolutionary government.
On 15 April 1959, Castro began an 11-day visit to the United States, at the invitation of the American Society of Newspaper Editors.
Hundreds of Batista-era agents, policemen and soldiers were put on public trial, accused of human rights abuses, war crimes, murder, and torture.
About 200 of the accused people were convicted of political crimes by revolutionary tribunals and then executed by firing squad; others received long sentences of imprisonment.
A notable example of revolutionary justice occurred after the capture of Santiago, where Raúl Castro directed the execution of more than seventy Batista POWs.
This was part of a large-scale attempt by Fidel Castro to cleanse the security forces of Batista loyalists and potential non-Communist opponents (including high-ranking rebels such as Pedro Luis Díaz Lanz and Huber Matos) of the new revolutionary government.
Though many were killed or imprisoned, others were dismissed from the army and police without prosecution, and some high-ranking officials of the Batista administration were exiled as military attachés.
In a later televised discussion Castro claimed his plans were mostly to improve economic conditions for black Cubans and that he is not encouraging total social integration.
Revolutionary leaders would also decry to the white supremacist terrorism of the U.S. South in an attempt to gain a moral high ground and defame Cuban exiles living in the United States.
Private schools that once had majority white student bodies were now nationalized and faced an influx of new black and mulatto students.
Some white Cubans were fearful of integration, while some black Cubans were fearful of the closing of black social clubs and its affects on Afro-Cuban cultural life.
While there he openly spoke of plans to nationalize Cuban lands and at the United Nations he declared Cuba was neutral in the Cold War.
According to geographer and Cuban Comandante Antonio Núñez Jiménez, 75% of Cuba's best arable land was owned by foreign individuals or foreign (mostly American) companies at the time of the revolution.
Comandante Sori Marin, who was nominally in charge of land reform, objected and fled, but was eventually executed when he returned to Cuba with arms and explosives, intending to overthrow the Castro government.
The United States was already suspicious of Fidel Castro after he enacted the Agrarian Reform Law banning foreigners from owning land and his appointment of communist Nuñez Jimenez as head of the reform program.
U.S. President Eisenhower refused any aggressive action against Cuba knowing it would push Cuba towards an alliance with the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
The U.S. then cut all sugar trade with Cuba, later Castro would forge a sugar trade deal with the Soviet Union.
The ship carried weapons purchased from Belgium, and the cause of the explosion was never determined, but Castro publicly insinuated that the U.S. government was guilty of sabotage.
Shortly after taking power, Castro also founded a revolutionary militia to expand his power base among the former rebels and the supportive population.
By the end of 1960, the revolutionary government had nationalized more than $25 billion worth of private property owned by Cubans.
Hundreds of members of the church, including a bishop, were permanently expelled from the nation, as the new Cuban government declared itself officially atheist.
In July 1961, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (IRO) was formed by the merger of Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, the People's Socialist Party led by Blas Roca, and the Revolutionary Directorate of 13 March led by Faure Chomón.
On 26 March 1962, the IRO became the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC) which, in turn, became the modern Communist Party of Cuba on 3 October 1965, with Castro as First Secretary.
Castro remained the ruler of Cuba, first as Prime Minister and, from 1976, as President, until his retirement in February 20, 2008.
Operating out of the Escambray Mountains, these counterrevolutionary rebels, also known as Alzados, made a number of unsuccessful attempts to overthrow the Cuban government, including the abortive, United States-backed Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961.
Castro's fears of another invasion and his new Soviet allies influenced his decision to put nuclear missiles in Cuba, triggering the Cuban Missile Crisis.
In the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, the United States promised not to invade Cuba in the future; in compliance with this agreement, the U.S. withdrew all support from the Alzados, effectively crippling the resource-starved resistance.
The counterrevolutionary conflict, known abroad as the Escambray Rebellion, lasted until about 1965, and has since been branded the War Against the Bandits by the Cuban government.
Between 1959 and 1980, an estimated 500,000 Cubans left the island for the United States, for both political and economic reasons; 125,000 left in 1980 alone, when the Cuban government briefly permitted any Cubans who wished to leave to do so.
As a voting bloc, Cuban Americans have traditionally been strongly opposed to ending the U.S. embargo of Cuba, but in recent years there has been growing support for diplomatic engagement among the younger generations.
After he considered to have done everything in his power toward equality, he passed a legislation that counter-attacked his past anti-discrimination legislation.
By that point black social clubs had been banned, afro hairstyles made illegal, and practitioners of Afro-Cuban religions were banned from joining the Communist Party of Cuba.
George Ellison Weeks (December 16, 1918 – March 1980) was an American football defensive end who played for one season in the National Football League (NFL).
After playing college football for Alabama, he was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 14th round of the 1943 NFL Draft.
Jo Frost: Extreme Parental Guidance is a British reality television programme that aired on Channel 4 from 9 February 2010 to 5 August 2012.
The regiment was raised on 12 September 1753 as Corps of Tuscan Dragoons () by Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, who had inherited the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in 1737.
When the Kingdom of Sardinia annexed United Provinces of Central Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies after the Second Italian War of Independence the Tuscan Dragoon Regiment became the only regiment from all annexed states to be integrated in the Italian Army.
The regiment served in the Third Italian War of Independence during which it earned a Bronze Medal of Military Valour in the Battle of Ponte di Versa on 26 July 1866.
During World War I the regiment served on the Italian front, earning its second Bronze Medal of Military Valour for its conduct during the decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto in 1918.
In 1956 the Lancieri di Firenze were expanded to squadrons group, but already on 31 December 1958 division and squadrons group were disbanded.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the squadrons group was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to draw down its forces and the Vittorio Veneto was one of the first brigades to disband.
Road Prisons (RU: étape) were a type of a prison in Russia, used for temporarily housing inmates on their way to Siberia, Sakhalin Island, or other places of far-off detention.
This temporary imprisonment system stretched from the 18th century, at the birth of the Russian Empire, to more modern times, with the Soviet Union, and for some, arguably to the modern era.
This author made numerous other complaints that sound similar to those of other Russian prison critics: rotten building materials, absence of any heat, lack of any bedding, absolute filth, and ability for any prisoner to break out by merely twisting the tin bars holding them between their prison and absolute desperation in the wilderness.
When prisoners could not be grouped together fast enough, they were left to rot in the étapes until enough prisoners could be gathered, and then they would be forced to march anywhere between 2,000 and 4,700 miles.
The original Swiss drive used a single Buchli gear on one side to drive each axle, the French locomotives used a double-sided drive with the Buchli gear duplicated for each end of the axle, which was considered to reduce wear.
Like most other 1,500 V DC locomotives, they used four motors, with speed control by series-parallel switching and fine control by s. Improvements to the design of the motors, particularly the s, allowed finer steps of resistance to be used, so that the jerk when switching steps was only a fifth of what it had been previously.
Like other French locomotives of this era, they were not equipped with a driver's seat at first, merely a simple saddle.
This was replaced by a standing seat when the VACMA 'dead man's pedal' was introduced in 1963, then by a jump seat in 1973..
Like the original 2′Do2′ design, this was inspired by Swiss achievements in high-speed chassis design, in this case with the and then the , which established bogie locomotives as being capable of running at express speeds.
Elder Sister Lake is the larger of the two lakes with a surface area of 530 m. It has a shape of rectangular and it consists of two wooden pavilions built from Taxodium distichum.
The Younger Sister Lake is the smaller of two with a surface area of 66 m. Both lakes are separated by around 50 meters in distance.
During that time, Winniett was involved in the Battle of Lake Borgne, in Louisiana in December 1814 and the Battle of New Orleans on 8 January 1815.
On 24 October 1845 Winniett became lieutenant governor of the Gold Coast (Ghana), under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Sierra Leone.
In 1848 he led the West India Regiments and others to stop the murdering of Africans and Europeans by deposing Kaku Aka, the king of Amanahia [Apollonia] (also known as Kwaku Akka).
With Thomas Birch Freeman as his secretary, that same year, he went to the Kingdom of Ashanti to persuade Ghezo, King of the Dahomey, in present-day Benin (also known as King Kwaku Dua; Gizu the King of Dahomi) to stop the slave trade and abolish human sacrifice.
He died 4 December 1850 at Jamestown/Usshertown, Accra and was interred in the cemetery at Fort Christiansborg (Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu).
Winniett was the grandchild of Joseph Winniett (d. 1789) and the son of William Winniett (d.1824), both of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.
Chased Into Love is a lost 1917 silent film comedy short directed by and starring Charles Parrot (alias Charley Chase) along with Hank Mann and Carmen Phillips.
Cody Speller (born May 10, 1994) is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League.
Speller went undrafted but was picked up by the Bombers after playing in the 2016 CIS East-West Bowl, he played CIS football for the McMaster Marauders.
He played as a backup for the Bombers O-line in 2018, but started competing for a starting position in the interior line as a guard in 2019.
In 2017, the organization merged with Trans Assistance Project in order to address a component of the trans narrative that is often missing, that of socioeconomic justice.
The merger became the organization's microgrants program, which gifts small grants to trans people who are in need of funds to cover the fees associated with legal name changes, drivers' license changes, and passport changes.
The organization also oversees a program to support incarcerated trans people; the program offers services in relation to prisoner and post-release support.
As of 2019, the organization had set in motion a Spanish language program, headed by Álvaro Gamio Cuervo, in order to serve Spanish-speakers calling the hotline.
After playing one season with FC Aix-les-Bains, Brunat began playing for FC Grenoble in 1986, where he lasted for seven years.
In the episode, Elliot Alderson (Rami Malek) and his therapist Krista Gordon (Gloria Reuben) are held hostage by Fernando Vera (Elliot Villar), who attempts to coerce Elliot into working alongside him by understanding Mr.
He is removed from the boot of a car and then tied to a chair in a room adjacent to Krista, who is also being held hostage.
On day 88 however, his inscrutable feelings of emptiness are vindicated by a shaman who tells him he must return home.
Realizing his desire to return to New York to reconcile with Elliot, he states his plan to take over New York with Elliot as his business partner.
Elliot's version of events, that he swung a bat at his father and then jumped out of a window in a state of mania, is called into question after Krista points out Elliot's reliance on Darlene's memories and not his own.
The episode is presented in a five-act structure which critics compared to resembling the structure of a play, emphasized by its reliance on dramatic audio cues and usage of two adjacent sets.
Regina Orozco (born 18 February 1964; Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actress and singer, best known for her roles in Mexican films.
In March 2013, she won the Medal of Merit in Artistic Interpretation, awarded by the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District by the VI Legislature.
It had a tonnage of 23,732 and was a long and wide and had a maximum speed of with its twin screws.
The Building at 399 West Fullerton Parkway is a historic apartment building at 399 West Fullerton Parkway in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.
Cooperative apartments, in which residents were part owners of the building and controlled its management and who could buy units, became popular with Chicago's upper class in the 1920s due in part to successful marketing by developers.
The apartments at 399 West Fullerton offered an attractive location with lakeside views and modern amenities, including parking space and chauffeur service for the increasingly popular automobile.
Architects McNally and Quinn designed the French Renaissance Revival building; their design includes a brick exterior with classically ornamented stone on the first three stories, decorative balustrades and window surrounds on the upper floors, and two small, steep hip roofs atop the projected sections of the facade.
Elisabeth Condon is a contemporary American painter who combines natural imagery, the built environment, and abstraction in her free-flowing synthetic landscapes.
The landscapes depicted are both themselves altered by human interaction, and the ensuing paintings feel like idiosyncratic records of Condon's mind and her imaginings of the space.
It is evident both in the range and unlikeliness of the source material she uses, and in her final compositions, which feel like odd remixes of painting styles that combine into something wholly new.
Condon draws inspiration from a wide variety of source material, from the 1970s LA glam rock scene to children's picture books to news photographs from the Iraq war.
And she borrows elements from art movements from disparate times and places, from ancient China to the French Informel to Color Field painting.
This mix of styles and influences is distinctly postmodern and expressive of the current technological environment, where input of ideas, news, and images from around the world is fast-paced and unceasing.
Through her travels and studies, Condon has become deeply influenced by ancient Chinese painting and philosophy, as well as the experience of living in modern Asian cities.
In 2004, on a residency in Taiwan, she began to practice Chinese painting techniques, which emphasize variety in texture and inflection, as well as improvisation.
She also borrows a complex sense of space and perspective, where different points of view are forged into one multi-layer and time-compressed experience.
In discussion of her own work, she often mentions the concept of emptiness and fullness, which she learned from sumi-e painting.
Whereas the western painting tradition values contrast and opposition, Condon seeks a delicate balance between fullness and emptiness in her compositions.
She is also inspired by a splashed-ink method that can be found in some painting and pottery of the Later Tang Dynasty.
Condon often begins a composition with pouring acrylic or oil paint, so that the kinetic quality of the material creates unexpected forms and effects.
Since she does not plan out compositions beforehand, forms seems emerge organically out of the accident of the pour and materiality of paint.
The energy in her paintings connects back to her fascination with Chinese art and the belief that a painting must have qi, or a vital life force.
Her landscapes feature references to places as far away as Taiwan, Beijing, and Australia, as well as her native California and homes in Florida and Manhattan.
In the wake of her 2014 residency in Shanghai, Condon has been embracing imagery that is considered feminine or kitsch such as flowers and birds.
She now uses vintage wallpaper patterns as a visual element in her work, and recounts asking her mother for leftover wallpaper and fabric samples to use in her studio.
The plum blossom in particular is not only of central importance to Chinese art, it also appeared on the wallpaper of her childhood bedroom.
With their domestic references, sumptuous colors, floral imagery, and use of pretty materials like glitter, her paintings engage with the world's disdain for a certain gender, class, and aesthetic taste.
Like other Pattern and Decoration Artists, Condon reclaims her personal experience and love of beauty, asserting the importance and potential for intellectual rigor in such work.
It is particularly powerful to use such imagery in large-scale, abstract work, a painting tradition that is dominated by men, expressing the feminist emphasis on personal experience, rather than a pure vision of an overarching narrative that is the project of abstract expressionism.
She completed her BFA in Painting at Otis Art Institute of Parsons School of Design in 1986, as well as studying at UCSD for 1 year and UCLA for 2 years.
She completed her MFA in Painting at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1990 before moving to Brooklyn in 1992.
She curates exhibitions about topics that are relevant to her own practice, including paint pouring and contemporary reinterpretations of classical Asian painting.
Public Collections include: Art in Embassies Program (2008), Girls Club Collection (2008), JP Morgan Chase Art Collection (2015 and 2017), Martha and Jim Sweeny Collection of Contemporary Prints by American Women at Museum of Fine Arts, Saint Petersburg, FL (2015), Tampa Museum of Art (2016), and Perez Art Museum Miami (2017).
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 45 and UHF channel 25, is owned by HC2 Holdings, and operated by DTV America.
In October 2017, KRLJ-LD was one of a handful of stations to be sold to HC2 Holdings, but remain operated by DTV America.
This season 19 ordinary people from across Slovenia will live on the farm, trying to live life as it was 100 years ago and to try and win €50,000.
The main twist this season is that out of the 19 contestants, two of them are twins who will compete as one.
She attended Yale School of Art and was the first African American woman to earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the school.
The couple lived briefly in Croton, New York, followed by Troy, New York, when Paul became the first tenured African American professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
She served as President of the Troy YWCA and was a board member of the Troy Boys & Girls Club and Black Dimensions in Art.
She made her competitive debut for Grenada at the 2017 CARIFTA Games, where she earned a Silver medal and as well as a Bronze Medal in the 200m and 100m respectively.
One in the Women 100 Meter Dash OECS with a time of 11.76 seconds and another as part of Grenada's 4 x 100m relay team which included Chelsea Mitchell, Jonair Thomas and Amanda Crawford.
The mosque is located at an area of 3,000 m. It consists of the main prayer hall, bunker building, ablution room, garden etc.
It is situated northwest of Squamish, east of Ossa Mountain, and north-northwest of Mount Tantalus, which is its nearest higher peak and the highest peak in the Tantalus Range.
Unnamed glaciers surround the peak and precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Squamish River and Clowhom River.
The mountain names in the Tantalus Range have a Greek mythology theme, and Pelion Mountain was named for the legendary Pelion mountain in Thessaly, upon which the Aloadaes are said to have attempted to pile Mount Pelion on top of Mount Ossa in their attempt to scale Olympus, home of the Greek gods.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Pelion Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Dihi Kalas is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction in the Magrahat police station of the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Dihi Kalas had a total population of 11,494 of which 5,906 (51%) were males and 5,588 (49%) were females.
Among the medical facilities it had 1 maternity and child welfare centre, a dispensary/ health centre 1.5 km away, a family welfare centre 1.5 km away, a nursing home 0.45 km away, a veterinary hospital 1.5 km away and 1 medicine shop in the town.
Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, the nearest secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at Uttar Kalas 1 km away, the nearest general degree college at Magrahat 3 km away.
Gorby left Kishinev at age 17 to study music in Iași, Romania, where she married Joseph Goldstein, a publisher who spoke both Romanian and Yiddish.
Her main language was Russian, her second language Yiddish, and she also spoke French, Romanian, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, German, and English well.
She moved to Rome and then to Paris in the 1920s, but returend to Iași every summer until the outbreak of World War II to visit her husband.
For a time in the 1930s she performed with her husband's last name (Sarah Goldstein) before switching to the stage name Sarah Gorby.
After settling in Paris she recorded quite a lot under the label Eledisc, which was then releasing many Yiddish language singers.
She also continued to tour regularly and spent months of the year away from France in places such as Mexico, South America, South Africa, and Israel.
A noteworthy feature of her music was that she continued to sing in her native Bessarabian Yiddish dialect for much of her career.
The Leon Thomas Album is the second album by American jazz vocalist and percussionist Leon Thomas recorded in 1970 and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
Far from the sparely orchestrated ensembles of the previous works, Thomas loaded this set with jazz luminaries ... Side one is the up-tempo jazz ride, as Thomas and company rip through a host of his own tunes ...
He is as powerful a jazz/blues singer as Joe Williams or Joe Turner, both of whom he occasionally resembles, as inventive a scatter as Ella Fitzgerald ...
Paul B. Zuber (December 20, 1926 - March 6, 1987) was a civil rights attorney who fought against inferior schools for African Americans in New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1958 and against segregated schools in New York State, New Jersey, and Chicago during the 1960s.
He was active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and served as Housing Chairman of its New York State Conference but resigned in a dispute after alleging he was prevented from publicly criticizing policies at the organization.
Sum Hun (aka Xinhin, as well as Heartaches) is a Cantonese-language drama film produced by an American production company in 1936 for a Chinese audience.
In 1936, a young San Francisco woman named Esther Eng (who would later become a well-known director) joined forces with a young actor Bruce Wong to try and tap into the Chinese movie-going market.
Together, they managed to raise the money they'd need to get the film made, and then they set to work studying the taste of Chinese audiences.
Aesop's Fables, II is a 2005 steel sculpture by Mark Di Suvero, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Contemporary Hair Styling in Television and New Media Series is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS).
The award was first given in 2000, during the first annual awards, and was given when the awards were brought back in 2014.
During the 2001 and 2002 ceremonies, as well as ceremonies from 2015 to 2018, the awards made the distinction between regular series and miniseries/television films.
This was amended in 2019, when miniseries nominees were placed alongside continuing series, while television films and specials were given their own category.
Alchemist is a stainless steel sculpture by Jaume Plensa, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
976 Art Gallery was founded in 2012 by Gantuya Badamgarav with an aim to increase the visibility of Mongolian contemporary art.
Since its conception, the gallery has been actively organizing exhibitions, performances, and discussions with many of the leading Mongolian contemporary artists such as Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Munkhtsetseg Jalkhaajav, Nomin Bold, Uuriintuya Dagvasambuu, Baatarzorig Batjargal, Jantsankhorol Erdenebayar, Munkhbolor Ganbold, and Davaajargal Tsaschikher, many of whom have participated in international exhibitions such as La Biennale di Venezia and documenta 14.
With it's growing international profile, the gallery has become a cultural hub of Ulaanbaatar, working with well-known international artists such as Walter Riedweg (Switzerland), Mauricio Dias (Brazil), Nathalie Daoust (Canada), Christian Faubel (Germany), Mirian Kolev (Bulgaria), and Outsiders Factory (Taiwan).
Swangrampur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Swangrampur had a total population of 5,699 of which 2,918 (51%) were males and 2,781 (49%) were females.
Among the medical facilities it had 1 maternity and child welfare centre, a dispensary/ health centre 1 km away, a family welfare centre 1 km away, a maternity home 1 km away, a veterinary hospital 1 km away and 5 medicine shops in the town.
Among the educational facilities it had were 3 primary schools, the nearest secondary, senior secondary school, general degree college at Magrahat 1.5 km away.
Elmo-MIT is a 1960s bronze sculpture by Dimitri Hadzi, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
New York Society of Women Artists (NYSWA) is a group of women that aims to provide support and opportunities to female professional artists.
The Point also airs on KUSG's FM translator, K227CT at 93.3 FM, and on the HD3 subchannel of KIJI 104.3 FM.
At 6pm Chamorro Standard Time on October 18, KUSG was taken silent, with MASI and its partner Choice awaiting necessary approval from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to clear the ground and rebuild; Choice is to buy the station from MASI when it returns to air.
The station revamped its lineup, bringing The Rush Limbaugh Show, Sean Hannity and other conservative talkers back to the island's radio dial.
The bar is decorated with unique items, including taxidermy, letters, a petrified walrus penis bone, and an old piano in the back.
They can refuse to make any drink that they don't want to make, and they can refuse service to anyone for any reason.
He died in 1968 at the age of 62 after an illness, and was survived by his wife, Birdie, and several siblings.
Charles Jones (born August 5, 1996) is an American football tight end for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL).
During his time for the Green Wave, he appeared in 40 games with 22 starts, and totaled 40 receptions for 268 yards and five touchdowns.
As homeownership became more affordable in early twentieth century Chicago, the bungalow became popular for its easily and cheaply replicated design, and tens of thousands of the homes were built throughout the city.
West Ridge, a lightly developed area on Chicago's northern border, was typical of the neighborhoods that were dominated by new bungalows.
While a variety of developers and architects built the district's bungalows in distinctive fashions, the homes' similar designs and consistent setbacks from the street give the district a cohesive appearance.
The 1998-99 Maine Black Bears Men's ice hockey season was the 22nd season of play for the program, the 20th season competing at the Division I level, and the 15th season in the Hockey East conference.
The Black Bears represented the University of Maine and played their home games at Alfond Arena, and were coached by Shawn Walsh, in his 15th season as their head coach.
The Black Bears would win their second national title with a victory over rival New Hampshire in the National Championship Game.
It consists of eight whale-shaped ride vehicles traveling in a counter-clockwise rotation, similar to a carousel, while traveling up and down small hills.
Some have had their whales repainted to resemble fish instead of whales, and others have had thematic pieces added, but the general operation and idea remains the same.
It will begin at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on the 4th April and will finish at Algarve International Circuit on the 18th October.
The series will be open to Le Mans Prototypes in the LMP3 class, and grand tourer-style racing cars in the GT3 class.
The 2020 calendar was released on 20 September 2019, a change of date for the Portimão round was announced on 15 November 2019.
Trifarotene, sold under the brand name Aklief, is for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in those nine years of age and older.
He is currently President of OneMeralco Foundation, the corporate foundation and social development arm of the Manila Electric Company, the largest electric utility company in the Philippines.
Tarayao was formerly Head of Community Relations for Globe Telecom, a major telecommunications corporation in the Philippines, owned by the Zóbel de Ayala family through the Ayala Corporation.
He is also a former student leader in the Philippines who actively participated in the Second EDSA Revolution which caused the ouster of former Philippine president Joseph Estrada.
He attended Holy Infant Montessori Center and Lourdes School of Quezon City for basic education, and proceeded to the University of Santo Tomas for his Bachelor in Communication degree.
He attended Harvard Business School for his Executive Education diploma and he also holds a Master in Sustainable Development degree from Macquarie University, Sydney which he attained in 2018.
He was recognized by Devex’s Manila as one of the 40 Under 40, for the school electrification program of Meralco launched in 2012.
The Rhinecanthus lunula, commonly known as the Halfmoon picassofish, is a Balistid triggerfish species first described by John E. Randall and Roger C. Steene in 1983.
It usually has 26 soft dorsal rays (though sometimes only 25 are observed), between 22 and 24 anal soft rays, and 14 pectoral rays.
For example, the caudal fin of a juvenile is rounded in a juvenile before becoming slightly double emarginate as it develops into an adult.
Juveniles are also missing some of coloration that stands out in adults: there is no blackish area on the ventral side, black bars below the eyes are not well-developed, and the black crescent near the caudal peduncle (which gives the species its name) is also missing.
The holotype of the species was collected by John E. Randall in a barrier reef near the Society Islands of Tahiti, and juvenile specimens were collected near Queensland, Australia.
Though the maximum depth of their habitat is unknown, triggerfishes of the Balistidae family are known to exist up to 50 meters deep.
Distribution of a given Balistid species among an ecosystem may also be influenced by their diet and the distribution of food sources.
Serden Özcan (born 28 October 1977) is a professor and holder of the Otto Beisheim Endowed Chair of Innovation and Corporate Transformation at the WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management in Vallendar near Koblenz.
Özcan is Associate Dean for Corporate Communications at the WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management at the WHU Düsseldorf campus since April 2019.
He assumed the Otto Beisheim Endowed Chair of Innovation and Corporate Transformation in July 2014 where he is also a Professor.
Prior to this, Özcan was an Assistant Professor (2007) and then Associate Professor (2009) at the Department of Innovation and Organizational Economics at the Copenhagen Business School, Denmark until 2014.
During this time, he was also one of the two Academic Directors of the Entrepreneurship Platform, and a visiting researcher at the National University of Singapore NUS Business School in Singapore, Stanford University and Sabanci University Graduate School of Management.
The research focus of Özcan and his staff is on innovation, corporate transformation, including the emergence and diffusion of new busines models and organizational forms, growth ecosystems, venture capital and private equity, evolution of firms, competitive strategy and strategic renewal.
Özcan is the author of numerous publications in national and international journals including Organization Science, Management Science, Journal of Management Studies, Academy of Management Journal, Strategic Organization and Industry and Innovation.
Özcan's research is often cited in global media, and he receives, for example, regular media coverage on the subject of cross-border M&As, digitalisation, supervisory boards and start-ups.
Together with his colleague Professor Dr. Christophe Boone, Özcan was a recipient of a research grant by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for their research into Islamic Banking.
He has received several awards for his scientific work including the Best Paper Runner Up Prize, Coller Institute of Venture, Israel (2017), Best Paper Finalist, Strategic Management Society (SMS), United States of America (2009), Best Paper Finalist, Israel Strategic Management Conference, Be'er Sheva, Israel (December 27–29, 2009), Winner of Robert J. Litschert - Best Doctoral Student Paper at Business Policy Division, Academy of Management, United States of America (2009).
Kyle Erickson Saxelid (born April 13, 1995) is a Canadian football offensive lineman for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
Saxelid earned three Academic All-Mountain West Conference honors and was nominated for a spot on the 2016 AFCA Good Works Team.
The following year, he signed with the Rapid City River Kings of the same league, playing with fellow UNLV teammate Kurt Palandech.
In solid state physics, he is primarily concerned with highly correlated electron systems (high-temperature superconductors, quantum Hall effect, heavy fermion systems).
The Fresno Memorial Auditorium, at 2425 Fresno St. in Fresno, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Leon Thomas in Berlin is a live album by American jazz vocalist and percussionist Leon Thomas with saxophonist/arranger Oliver Nelson recorded in 1970 in Berlin and released by the Flying Dutchman label.
The Original Nashville Students, also referred to as the Original Tennessee Jubilee and Plantation Singers, the Nashville Students, and H. B. Thearle's Nashville Students, were an ensemble of eight or nine African-American jubilee singers.
Additionally, jubilation elicits connections with emancipation and liberation, drawing on emotions of nationalist pride from both African American and white audiences.
Adopting this title allowed the singers to brand themselves as those who were formerly enslaved, but who had triumphantly risen out of their oppression.
This appreciation for music and black folk culture seems to have made an impression on his son: as a lyceum agent, one of the first groups he hired was an ensemble of jubilee singers.
That appreciation for black folk culture seems to have been passed down to his son, as one of the first groups he hired as a lyceum agent was an ensemble of jubilee singers.
The first featured selections of traditional spirituals among other songs, the second featured soloists and a quartet, followed by a sketch in full plantation costume.
Beginning as early as 1884, the Original Nashville Singers performed under the agency of the prestigious Redpath Lyceum Bureau, with Thearle remaining as their proprietor.
But they DO claim to sing the original Jubilee and Plantation Melodies, as sung by the children of bondage in their own peculiar manner in religious and social meetings and on the plantation.
While many commercial spirituals were exploitative of the student jubilee tradition for comic potential, Lucas's spirituals generally seem to pay homage to the jubilee tradition.
Lucas's songs, while not original to the era of slavery, were certainly written in a traditional style, with frequent nods to traditional spirituals.
While for the most part performing traditional music, the inclusion of a plantation sketch draws a connection to exploitative minstrel shows, which contradicts the true-to-tradition nature of the ensemble in both name (their allusion to the Fisk Jubilee Singers) and repertoire choice.
The Original Nashville Students came about near the end of a short period of public enthusiasm for jubilee music - the industry was largely worn out by 1890.
As Abbott and Seroff point out, in fall 1892, bass singer Joseph Hagerman struck out on his own, forming a new troupe with baritone Ollie C. Hall.
He became a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and President of the Language Sciences section of the national committee of the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
The 2020 Intrust Super Cup will be the PNG Hunters seventh season in the Queensland Cup after securing their future for the next three years until 2022.
The Einstein House in Fresno, California, at 1600 M St., was designed by architect Edward T. Foulkes and was built in 1912.
Purnima Niraj Singh (born 21 November 1985) is a Member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from the Jharia constituency in Dhanbad district.
Purnima Singh went on to Later she picked up a Diploma in German language from Central Institute of English and foreign languages.
Though her love for traveling and exploring new places is boundless it is only superseded by her passion for reading and writing.
Purnima Niraj Singh began her professional career as a teacher, curriculum designer, program facilitator and coordinator at City International School and Global Classrooms Private Limited.
She contested the 2019 Jharkhand State Assembly Polls from Jharia as an Indian National Congress candidate against Ragini Singh, the wife of Sanjeev Singh, her brother -in-law who is now jailed for the murder of her late husband Niraj Singh.
Winning the elections by a margin of nearly thirteen thousand votes she created history by winning the Jharia seat for INC for the first time in 52 years.
Although INC won a total of 16 seats in the 2019 Jharkhand Assembly polls, marking its best electoral performance since the formation for the state, it failed to win any other seat in the rest of Dhanbad district, making Purnima Niraj Singh's victory all the more noticeable.
On 7th December 2012, she married Niraj Singh, Dhanbad's former Deputy Mayor, thus also becoming a daughter-in-law of Bachcha Singh a former MLA and minister in Jharkhand State Government.
Though her marriage into a political family allowed her to have front row seats to Dhanbad district's and the state's politics, it was after Niraj Singh, her husband was murdered in a grisly shootout that she was forced to step into the formal political arena.
Induced cell cycle arrest is the use of a chemicals or genetic manipulation to artificially halt progression through the cell cycle.
Frog egg cell extracts have been used extensively in cell cycle research because they are relatively large, reaching a diameter of 1mm, and so contain large amounts of protein, making protein levels more easily measurable.
In some experiments, a researcher may want to control and synchronize the time when a group of cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle.
The cells can be induced to arrest as they arrive (at different time points) at a certain phase, so that when the arrest is lifted (for instance, rescuing cell cycle progression by introducing another chemical) all the cells resume cell cycle progression at the same time.
In addition to this method acting as a scientific control for when the cells resume the cell cycle, this can be used to investigate necessity and sufficiency.
Another reason synchrony is important is the control for amount of DNA content, which varies at different parts of the cell cycle based on whether DNA replication has occurred since the last round of completed mitosis and cytokinesis.
Furthermore, synchronization of large numbers of cells into the same phase allows for the collection of large enough groups of cells in the same cycle for the use in other assays, such as western blot and RNA sequencing.
Given that some of the mechanisms below of inducing cell cycle arrest involve damaging the DNA, this allows investigation into how the cell responds to damage of its genetic material.
Genetic engineering of cells with specific gene knockouts can also result in cells that arrest at different phases of the cell cycle.
While in G the cell synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps of interphase leading to mitosis.
In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 18 hours, and the G phase makes up about / of that time.
On the other hand, in frog, sea urchin, and fruit fly embryos, the G phase is extremely brief and instead is a slight gap between cytokinesis and S phase.
It results in a single layer of arrested cells of arrested cells, and is a process that is notably missing in cancer cells.
This natural process can be mimicked in a lab through the overexpression of p27, which results in induced cell cycle arrest in G phase.
Mimosine is a plant amino acid that has been shown to reversibly inhibit progression beyond G phase in some human cells, including lymphoblastoid cells.
The use of serum deprivation - partially or completely removing the serum and its nutrients - has been shown to arrest and synchronize cell cycle progression in G phase, for example in neonatal mammalian astrocytes and human foreskin fibroblasts.
S phase follows G phase via the G/S transition and precedes G phase in interphase and is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated.
Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
This was demonstrated in cancer cell lines and downregulates expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large ([[Bcl-xL|Bcl-XL]]), an anti-apoptotic protein that prevents the release of mitochondrial contents like [[cytochrome c]].
Destruction of a cell's [[endogenous]] cyclin messenger RNA can arrest frog egg extracts in [[interphase]] and prevent them from entering mitosis.
One method of this destruction is through the use of [[Antisense oligonucleotide|antisense oligonucleotides]], pieces of RNA that bind to the cyclin mRNA and prevent the mRNA from being translated into cyclin protein.
This can actually be used to destroy phase-specific cyclins beyond just G - for instance, destruction of [[cyclin D1]] mRNA by antisense oligonucleotides prevents progression from G phase to S phase.
It is composed of four phases - [[prophase]], [[metaphase]], [[anaphase]], and [[telophase]] - and involves the condensation of the [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] in the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]], the dissolution of the [[nuclear envelope]], and the separation of [[sister chromatids]] by [[spindle fibers]].
After successful mitosis, the cell physically splits into two identical [[daughter cells]] in a process called [[cytokinesis]], and this concludes a full round of the cell cycle.
[[Hydroxyurea]] (HU) is a [[Small-molecule drug|small molecule drug]] that inhibits the enzyme [[ribonucleotide reductase]] (RNR), preventing the catalysis of converting [[Deoxyribonucleotide|deoxyribonucleotides]] (DNTs) to [[Ribonucleotide|ribonucleotides]].
From microscopy it has been determined they do enter mitosis but they cannot form the spindles necessary for metaphase because the microtubules cannot polymerize.
It also causes M phase arrest, as the spindle that is supposed to pull apart sister chromatids is unable to disassemble.
It acts through a specific binding site on the microtubule polymer, and as such does not require GTP or other cofactors to induce tubulin polymerization.
[[Flow cytometry]] is a technique of measuring physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells using lasers and [[fluorophore]] dyes covalently linked to protein markers.
[[Staining]] with DNA dyes [[propidium iodide]] or [[4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole|4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole]] (DAPI) allows delineation or sorting of cells between G S, or G/M phases.
For example, a peak of [[cyclin E]] protein would indicate the [[G1/S transition|G/S transition]], a [[cyclin A]] peak would indicate late G phase, and a [[cyclin B]] peak would indicate mitosis.
FUCCI is a system that takes advantage of cell cycle phase-specific expression of proteins and their [[Protein degradation|degradation]] by the [[Ubiquitin proteasome pathway|ubiquitin-proteasome pathway]].
Two [[fluorescent probes]] - [[Cdt1]] and [[Geminin]] conjugated to fluorescent proteins - allow for real-time visualization of the cell cycle phase a cell is in.
Thilo Wilke (born 20 June 1991) is a professional German football player who is currently playing as a midfielder and forward for the Hamilton Wanderers AFC (New Zealand) in the ISPS Handa Premiership.
Wilke began playing football at age 5, and in his youth played for 1.FC Schweinfurt 05 and Wuerzburger FV, both of which were former second league clubs.
Wilke’s career in Germany culminated in 43 goals and 27 assists throughout 152 games and he was selected for a regional team of the German Football Association (DFB).
Wilke continued his career internationally when he signed for the Division II NCAA soccer team at Shaw University in the United States.
During his career in the United States, Wilke also played for two NPSL teams: Med City FC in the 2017 season, and Palm Beach United in the 2018 season.
On the Palm Beach United squad, he was a team captain and scored the winning goal in the game against professional team Jacksonville Armada.
In 2019, Wilke signed a professional contract for the Adelaide Raiders and later for the Para Hills Knights in the National Premier League in Adelaide, Australia.
For the Knights, Wilke was the highest-scoring player for the season with 5 goals in 14 games, earning him the Golden Boot Award.
In October he signed a professional contract for the Hamilton Wanderers, whose coach is Ricki Herbert- the former head coach of the New Zealand National Team at the World Cup 2010 when New Zealand drew against Italy.
In addition to journalist interviews and newspaper articles following Wilke’s career, Bayerisches Fernsehen aired a television story about him and the Bayerischer Rundfunk interviewed him twice for a Radio Show.
Lyndon Arthur (born 13 June 1991) is a British professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth light-heavyweight title since October 2019.
He competed in multiple national championships, including the 2012-13 ABA National Development Championships at 86 kg, losing out to Jermaine Kelly in the final.
At 81 kg, he won the 2013-14 ABA Senior Development Championships and reached the finals of the 2014 and 2016 ABA Elite Championships, losing out to Joshua Buatsi and Tom Whittaker-Hart respectively.
Arthur made his professional debut on 24 September 2016 at the Manchester Arena, Manchester, scoring a four round points decision victory over Andy Neylon.
In his sixteenth fight, with a record of 15–0 (12 KO), he faced Emmanuel Anim for the vacant Commonwealth light-heavyweight title on 12 October 2019, at the First Direct Arena, Leeds.
In a fight which saw Arthur go beyond six rounds for the first time in his professional career, he dropped his opponent in the fourth round en route to a unanimous decision victory, with the judges' scorecards reading 117–111, 117–110 and 115–113.
Arthur comes from a fighting family, being a cousin of Commonwealth super-featherweight champion Zelfa Barrett and former British, European and world title challenger Pat Barrett, who is also his trainer.
The Coalinga Polk Street School, in Coalinga, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and destroyed by an earthquake in 1983.
Also known as Old Polk Street School, it was located at S. 5th and E. Polk Streets in Coalinga and was built in 1908.
Its lead single of the same name entered the billboard charts and the album earned Gian Marco his first Latin Grammy Award in 2005.
Eva Kwok-Yin Lee is an American operations researcher who applies combinatorial optimization and systems biology to the study of health care decision making.
She is Virginia C. and Joseph C. Mello Chair and Professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Lee's work has included collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control on defenses against biological weapons, travel to Japan to develop rapid responses to radiation poisoning from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the optimization of influenza vaccines based on data to how people respond to the vaccines, and the early detection of chronic diseases.
With Marco Zaider at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Lee was the 2007 winner of the Franz Edelman Award of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS), for their use of operations throughout the center and particularly in treating prostate cancer.
She was elected to the 2015 class of Fellows of INFORMS, and in the same year won the INFORMS Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice, which has listed her as a finalist in many other years.
Tavita Asotui Peter Eli (born January 31, 1996) is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League.
He played college football for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors, an injury in 2018 cost him the entire season and Eli walked away from football.
Prior to the 2019 CFL Draft, Eli was contacted by the Bombers to see if he was interested in playing football again, to which he responded yes.
That same season he also started the 107th Grey Cup which the Blue Bombers won over the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 33-12, the team's first Grey Cup in 29 years.
He achieved his highest career PSA ranking of 160 in November 2019 as a part of the 2019-20 PSA World Tour.
Breastfeeding Support for Indian Mothers or BSIM is a Facebook group that is popular for providing peer support for breastfeeding in India.
With over 100,000 members as of 2019, the online community is run by a team of over 45 volunteers mothers and certified lactation consultants.
The group has been widely recognized for its efforts for breastfeeding promotion, dispel popular myths in Indian society around lactation and encourage public nursing which is generally considered taboo in urban India.
The sequel shifts its focus from drug trafficking in the first film, to illegal mining and indigenous peoples' rights to ancestral lands.
Kardo de Leon has been reassigned from his former post as the Chief of Police of Santa Marcela and is now Chief of Police of Marangani whose people warmly adopted him as a Marangani.
The former seeks to reopen a long dormant mine over the objections of the native Marangani tribe; the latter on the other hand, is locked in a bitter tribal war with the Maranganis and have been employed by Allegre Mining to harass the natives thus making it appear that attacks are in furtherance of the tribal war.
He achieved his highest career PSA ranking of 210 in November 2019 as a part of the 2019-20 PSA World Tour.
Irma Cuevas (born 1976) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays forward for Paraguayan club Guaraní and who has played with the Paraguay women's national team.
He is the CEO of Next Media Services, a multimedia company in Uganda mostly known for its flagship television network NBS Television.
Kariisa started out as a barber in Mbarara Town before joining Makerere University, where he would later start developing web applications for a Danish company, Metrocomia Uganda Ltd. in 2000.
Courtesy of his success with Kin Systems, Kariisa was contacted by President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni to build a campaign system that would automatically send messages to mobile phones.
Kariisa took over NBS Television from its founder, Nathan Igeme Nabeeta, in 2008 as CEO and grew it into Next Media Services, a multimedia company that runs three television stations (NBS Television, Sanyuka TV & Salam TV), a radio station (NXT Radio - formerly Jazz FM) in 2018, online news portal (Nile Post), digital communications agency and productions houses (Next Communications & Next Production).
Currently, Kin serves as Chairman of the National Association of Broadcasters, an umbrella industry association for all Television, Radio and Online broadcasters in Uganda.
He is also the Chairman Board of Directors for Nile Hotel International Ltd., the Government enterprise that owns Kampala Serena Hotel.
Kin also serves as the Chairman Board of Directors for Soliton Telmec, the leading telecommunications technology company in East Africa, supporting both the basic and complex infrastructure required to enable electronic communications across the region, which include data centers, fiber optic lines and related routing and transmission equipment.
He was named among the most influential Ugandans in 2019 in a survey conducted by Public Opinions International a Pan African Organisation.
She is also set to work with her husband Prajwal Devaraj in Inspector Vikram and as a lead actress in Raghu Samarth's Vijayadashami (2019) alongside Achyuth Kumar, Avinash and Prakash Belawadi.
The magazine published materials on the essence of religion, its social and epistemological roots, highlighted certain aspects of the history of religion, examined forms and methods of anti-religious propaganda.
Mary Felicia Perera (born June 7, 1944, ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Sonia Dissanayake or known professionally as,Sonia Disa, is a former actress in Sri Lankan cinema.
16 February 2015, she was arrested by the Slave Island police for trespassing on the Nava Sama Samaja Party office premises at Barrack road Colombo 2.
No Party for Cao Dong () is a post-rock band from Taiwan consisting of Wood Lin (vocals), Chu Chu (guitar), Sam Yang (bass), and Fan Tsai (drums).
Band members Wood Lin (vocals), Chu Chu (guitar), Sam Yang (bass), and Fan Fan (drums) had been friends throughout high school and university and founded the band on the eponymous Caodong Street in Shilin District, Taipei.
After a preview in Princeton, New Jersey in October, the play opened on November 3, 1939, at the Plymouth Theatre, where it ran for 264 performances.
While hosting a group of people listening to a radio broadcast of a speech by Adolf Hitler, Baumer is apparently murdered.
All the suspects are found to be innocent; Baumer accidentally drank poison that he had prepared to murder one of his guests.
The studio shelved the project for about a year, but William Goetz, serving as interim studio head while Darryl F. Zanuck was fulfilling his military duty, greenlighted the project in April 1942.
Preminger convinced Goetz by offering to direct for free and to withdraw from directing (but remain as Baumer) if Goetz was unhappy with his work at the end of the first week of filming.
He achieved his highest career PSA ranking of 214 in November 2019 as a part of the 2019-20 PSA World Tour.
Subsequently, the Government of Tamil Nadu issued the G.O.Ms.No.72, Personnel and Administrative Reforms (AR3) Department order dated 10 April 2008 which increased the strength of State Information Commissioners from two to six, thus reaching its current state of one Chief Information Commissioner and six State Information Commissioners.
In 2018 the Commission was criticised for dealing with less appeals with seven commissioners on its staff than it had done in 2015 when it had only five.
It is independent of the Central Information Commission which deals only with appeals over petitions under the Right to Information Act relating to Central government.
She moved to Perth to study sports science at university, and was given an opportunity with the Glory for the 2016–17 W-League season.
After an 8-year stint at Goldman Sachs, Zage rose to prominence at Farallon Capital Management, where he founded the hedge fund's Asian business.
These investments included the purchase of a controlling stake in Bank Central Asia on the heels of the Asian Financial Crisis, an investment in Aston Resources, which eventually listed and merged with Whitehaven Coal, and Go-Jek, where he serves on the board.
These investments required Farallon to establish new, closed-end investment vehicles, including Farallon Asian Special Situations I, II, and III, a marked departure from the liquid hedge fund that Farallon had traditionally managed.
After leaving Farallon to found Tiga Investments, Zage was involved in a restructuring of Lippo Karawaci, where he joined the board.
Zage has served as a co-opted member of the Investment Committee of the National University of Singapore, and serves as the chair of the board of the foundation of the Singapore American School.
During the visit, on 17 June, he went to Jamshedpur with two friends on the bike of one of his friends.
On the morning of 22 June, Ansari's family received news that his condition was severe, and he was admitted to Sadar Hospital.
On 9 September 2019, the police dropped the murder charges by giving cardiac arrest as the reason of death, which led to an uproar.
On 18 September 2019, the police filed a supplementary chargesheet after obtaining the opinion of a board of doctors of MGM Medical College and Hospital, reinstating the murder charges.
DA-Group is a Finnish technology company providing advanced electronics and high technology solutions and products to extremely demanding conditions from the pressure of sea bed to the vacuum of space.
DA-Group is specialized in embedded software solutions, FPGA designs, electronics, mechanics and simulations in naval technology, as well as RF, microwave and millimeter wave engineering.
The service portfolio covers the turnkey solutions: from R&D, product development and engineering, testing and validation, manufacturing to product lifecycle management.
DA-Group consists of the parent company, DA-Design Oy, and it has several fully owned subsidiaries which offer solutions from R&D, product development, electronic manufacturing services (EMS) and accredited testing services.
In 2019, DA–Group and Elbit Systems EW & SIGINT–Elisra started collaboration on the production and marketing of Immune Satellite Navigation System (iSNS) used for protecting against GPS interference and jamming threats.
DA-Group purchased Creowave Filters, which designs and manufacturers high performance radio frequency filters for special applications in defence and mobile network industry.
During the 2010–11 season, MC Oran competed in the 45th season of the Algerian Ligue 1, as well as the Algerian Cup.
His father, Dionisio, was a member of the first Restorative Expedition during the War of the Confederation and, after its defeat, settled in the remote village of Cerro de Pasco, where he was employed in mining.
He was already working as a draftsman and produced such high-quality work that found employment helping to build the Central Railway of Peru.
According to UNHCR, also known as The UN Refugee Agency, there are around 10,585 refugees dwelling in Indonesia that are officially registered by the organization as of July 2019.
When the refugees first arrive in Indonesia they seek asylum status, and then await the time-consuming process to reach refugee status through UNHCR.When they are undergoing this process they are not entitled to social security, and cannot either find jobs or start their own business.
As a result, they are encountering other problems such as poor livelihood and financial crisis once their savings are all spent.
Recently, countries like USA and Australia have changed their policies, which result in these refugees being stranded in Indonesia, waiting for an indefinite resettlement.
Kate Lamb, a journalist from The Guardian, reports that money is running short for these refugees settled in Kalideres due to the long period of waiting to be resettled.
With issues like unemployment and unstable shelters, these refugees along with their families are exposed to diseases caused by the lack of sanitation.
With no place to turn to, about 400 refugees are currently settled in the building located in Kalideres as stated by the journalist.
In addition, the Government seeks to collaborate with UNHCR to carry out rules and regulations in order to improve the protection of the refugees that are settling in Indonesia.
Because of that, refugees in Indonesia are temporarily detained so that their cases could be processed by the UNHCR and that they could move to their intended destination.
When she was seven years old, she fled from the civil war in Somali with her mother and two younger brothers for refugee camp in Kenya before they finally settled in the United States.
She had her high school education at Lewiston High School and her tertiary education at the University of Southern Maine, where she studied Psychology.
Her quest to serve in the public office began in college, where she unsuccessfully ran for a seat on the school board.
She started working in media as road manager for the Filipino hip hop group Masta Plann and a sproduction assistant at TV5.
She was a longtime faculty adviser of the Tomasian Cable Television and the UST Tiger Radio which operate under the UST Educational Technology Center.
She is a tenured professor in the University of Santo Tomas, teaching at the UST Faculty of Arts and Letters and at the UST College of Fine Arts and Design with the rank of Assistant Professor.
She is known for teaching courses on television production and theatre arts, and directing shows and events within the said university.
Martel graduated from St. Mary's Academy of Caloocan City in 1989 and proceeded to the University of Santo Tomas to pursue a bachelor degree in communication.
She attained her Master of Arts in Communication from the Ateneo de Manila University in 2008, and has been admitted to the University of the Philippines Diliman doctorate program with concentration on Media Studies.
She has been involved in several television programs and movies, and was credited as an actress in the 2007 film Tribu by Jim Libiran.
Furuholmen also described the album as 'a dark, melancholic christmas record – as an antidote to the cheesy xmas song covers that everyone and his brother churns out these days'.
In 2012, the government of Pakistan awarded him the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Medal of Excellence) for public service, recognizing his contributions to the advertising industry of Pakistan.
Merchant has served on the advisory boards of a number of public and business organizations, and currently sits on the Board of Engro Corporation.
He was educated at the Bai Virbaiji Soparivala (BVS) Parsi High School in Karachi, and then at the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), where he received his Master in Business Administration (MBA) degree.
He worked on multiple well-known brands including Citibank, Coca-Cola, and P&G, and eventually formed Pak Mediacom, the first media buying house to open in Pakistan.
It is affiliated with the Publicis brand Starcom, with clients like Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola, Mondelez, China Mobile, Engro Foods, and National Foods.
Merchant is also a donor to his alma mater, the Institute of Business Administration and a frequent mentor to IBA students.
Robert William Murray (always known as R William Murray or Bill Murray), along with Hamish Maxwell and Geoffrey C. Bible, was a member of a triumvirate who took over the Philip Morris Companies in the mid-1980s.
The three were all from outside America, and they took the lead position in the global tobacco industry for three decades, leaving the American executives in charge of PM USA.
In 1987, it was announced that Murray, the president and chief executive officer of the Philip Morris International unit would become vice chairman of the parent company.
Jet Maintenance Solutions (Jet MS) – a global provider of integrated aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul solutions for business and regional aviation.
The company was founded in 2007 and is a part of Avia Solutions Group – a global aerospace business group with 67 offices and production sites around the world.
It employs over 5 000 professionals of aviation and other industries and serves more than 2 000 clients across 5 continents.
Jet Maintenance Solutions is considered as one of the leading players in the MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Operations) market for narrow-body aircraft.
In 2013 the company became the first authorized center in Eastern Europe to provide warranty services to Tronair ground handling equipment.
The Seaborn M. Shankle House, at 125 Cherry St in Commerce, Georgia, was built in 1840s and expanded in the 1870s.
Debbie Janice Dupuis is a Canadian statistician who works in decision science and robust statistics with applications to statistical finance and environmental statistics.
Dupuis grew up in Memramcook, New Brunswick, and graduated from the Université de Moncton in 1989 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and a minor in computer science.
Mori was raised in Japan by his grandmother, and grew up to study medicine at the Kyushu Imperial University and the Mayo Clinic.
It was opened on 2 January 1983 as the eastern terminus of the inaugural section of Line 1 between Propatria and La Hoyada.
He is responsible for Diageo's spirits and beer business across more than 50 countries in Western and Eastern Europe and Russia (outside of GB and Ireland).
He will be taking over from Michael Joseph, who has been interim CEO of Safaricom Limited since the death of Bob Collymore on 1 July 2019.
Targaryendraconia is an extinct clade of Ornithocheiromorph Pterosaurs that lived from the Early to Late Cretaceous in Europe, North America, South America, and Australia.
Application Layer Transport Security (ALTS) is a Google developed authentication and encryption system used for securing Remote procedure call (RPC) within Google machines.
At that time the dominant Application layer protocols were SSL and TLS 1.1 (TLS 1.2 was only published as an RFC in 2008), those supported many legacy algorithms and had poor security standards.
As Google was in full control over the machines that needed secure transport of RPCs, deployment of systems was relatively easy, and so Google developers could afford designing their own system from scratch.
in TLS, the server side is committed to its own domain name (and corresponding naming scheme), while Google needed the same identity (i.e.
The ALTS handshake protocol is based on authenticated Diffie-Hellman key exchange scheme, enjoying both perfect forward secrecy (access to current keys does not compromise future security) and session resumption (noticeable speedups in the protocol after the first session between the parties).
The certificate chains to a trusted signing service verification key, with the leaf being an Elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key, that is eventually used for key exchange.
Instead of using an inherent PFS algorithm, ALTS achieves PFS by frequently rotating the certificates, which have a short lifespan (6, 20, or 48 hours; see ).
Moreover, if PFS is enabled, it is also enabled for session resumption, by deriving the encryption keys from the resumption ticket using a pseudorandom function.
The film tells the story of a orphaned boy living with PTSD in one of the largest camps for Internally Displaced Persons in Maiduguri, Borno State.
In Bakassi premiered at the Cairo Film Festival in November 2018, and also screened at the Berlin Film Festival and Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.
In 2019, Benson produced Daughters of Chibok, which premiered at the Venice International Film Festival, and won the Venice Lion for Best Immersive Story (Linear), making Joel the first African filmmaker to win the Venice Lion in this category.
The film was slated for release in China on January 25, 2020, the first day of the Chinese New Year, but was withdrawn due to 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The cast consists of ten out of the 12 Olympic Gold medalists from the 2016 Rio Olympics squad appearing as themselves.
As the setter Wei Qiuyue was pregnant at the time of filming, current China Women's Volleyball team setter Yao Di was cast to act as Wei.
Finney is also known for his association with The Woodland Organization (TWO), a community development initiative in the Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago.
During the 1960s, his early years with the Woodlawn Community Development Corporation Finney helped cite property owners who were deemed slumlords in the Woodlawn area.
Due to his community efforts, Finney was appointed as a member of the Chicago Plan Commission by then-Mayor Jane Byrne in May 1979.
In 2003, Finney purchased the former Metropolitan Community Church building at 4100 South King Drive; renaming it Metropolitan Apostolic Community Church.
In September 2019, Finney was accused of fraud and mismanagement after his business, the Woodlawn Community Development Corporation filed for bankruptcy the previous October.
Software bots are typically used to execute tasks, suggest actions, engage in dialogue, and promote social and cultural aspects of a software project.
Software bots have been adopted by several communities related to software development, such as open-source communities on GitHub and Stack Overflow.
GitHub bots have been used to assign reviewers, ask contributors to sign the Contributor License Agreement, report continuous integration failures, review code and pull requests, welcome newcomers, run automated tests, merge pull requests, fix vulnerabilities, etc.
In Wikipedia, Wikipedia bots automate a variety of tasks, such as creating stub articles, consistently updating the format of multiple articles, and so on.
It is composed of 3 main facets: (i) properties of the environment that the bot was created in; (ii) intrinsic properties of the bot itself; and (iii) the bot's interactions within its environment.
A study from the University of Antwerp has compared how developers active on Stack Overflow perceive answers generated by software bots.
They find that developers perceive the quality of software bot-generated answers to be significantly worse if the identity of the software bot is made apparent.
In practice, when software bots are used on platforms like GitHub or Wikipedia, their username makes it clear that they are bots, e.g., DependaBot, RenovateBot, , .
For instance, the Github terms of service does not allow `bot` but accepts `machine account`, where a `machine account` has two properties: 1) a human takes full responsibility of the bot's actions 2) it cannot create other accounts.
Sebastian Aigner (born 3 January 2001) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Austrian Football Second League club Liefering and the Austria U19 national team.
Ichchapuram railway station is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah-Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone.
In between 1893 to 1896, the coastal railway track from Cuttack to Vijayawada was built and opened to traffic by East Coast State Railway.
To be named are the true, good, genuine, honorable, honest, moral, ideal, ethical or moral acting and even the royal merchant.
By citing negative examples of entrepreneurs and managers, it attempts to show that respectable behaviour is of no significance in reality.
He was a post-doctoral fellow at the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography until joining NOAA in 1992.
The virtual reality documentary tells the story of Yana Galang, whose daughter, Rifkatu, was among the 276 girls kidnapped by Boko Haram in April 2014 from their school dormitory in Chibok, northeast Nigeria.
He published book-length studies of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, André Gide, Gérard de Nerval, Jean Giraudoux, Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Butor, Franz Kafka, as well as surveys of the novel in twentieth-century European literature.
She received her Masters from Bar-Ilan University Department of Informal Education in 1997, and received her PhD in 2006 from University of Haifa’s Department of Sociology and Anthropology.
She has published numerous papers on these topics, ranging from religious students in public-sector colleges, to bilingual schools in divided societies.
In 2019, Paul-Binyamin was appointed the Dean of the Faculty of Education at Beit Berl College, where she was a senior lecturer since 2017.
Students learn about the socio-economic makeup of Jews and Arabs in Israel and the dynamics of minority-majority relations, and how to talk about and teach these topics.
The Colorado 22-Week Abortion Ban (#120) may appear on the ballot in Colorado as an initiated state statute on November 3, 2020.
If a sufficient number of signatures are collected, the voters of Colorado would be able to vote for or against the measure in 2020.
1548 in Wil; † 24 August 1594 in St. Gallen) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1577 until 1594).
He started studying at the university of Dillingen in 1564 and then studied at the Paris Jesuit College between 1570 and 1574.
In Paris, he became witness to the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre and in two letters to the Saint Gall Abbot Otmar Kunz he told about the violent events.
The papal confirmation was conferred by Gregory XIII on 16 April 1578, while the benediction was performed by the Auxiliary Bishop Balthasar Wurer of Konstanz on 24 June 1578.
On 27 November 1578, Joachim Opser was chosen by Beatus a Porta and the Chur cathedral chapter to be auxiliary bishop and thus also designated successor of the acting bishop.
However, he was met by strong opposition because he did not come from one of the Three Leagues and thus had to forego his appointment to Chur.
During his abbacy at Saint Gall, Joachim Opser repeatedly received papal nuncios, who on their visitations called for reforms after the model of the council of Trent.
During Joachim Opsers abbacy, the abbey was in a state of financial distress, which necessitated the sale of estates in Neu-Ravensburg and Wangen im Allgäu.
The abbey's financial hardship was exacerbated by the plague which was spreading in 1594 and caused many monks to leave the abbey.
The series, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro and produced by Aaron Spelling, revolves around the Carringtons, a wealthy family residing in Denver, Colorado.
The season also features Maxwell Caulfield as Jeff's cousin, Miles Colby; Christopher Cazenove as Blake's brother, Ben Carrington; Kate O'Mara as Alexis' sister Caress Morell; and George Hamilton as con man Joel Abrigore.
Joan Collins was conspicuously absent from the season six opener, as she was in a tense contract renegotiation with the show, seeking an increased salary.
Steven's budding relationship with the closeted Bart Fallmont (Kevin Conroy) is ruined by Adam's business-motivated public revelation that Bart is gay.
Krystle is held hostage and replaced by lookalike Rita (also played by Evans), who is working with a con man to rob Blake.
The May 21, 1986 season finale finds Blake strangling Alexis while the rest of the cast is in peril at the La Mirage hotel, which has been accidentally set afire by Claudia.
She studied history and history of French literature at the University of Zurich and earned a licentiate degree under the direction of Rudolf Braun in 1980.
She studied Economic Policy in Leningrad (present day Saint Petersburg) and received her master's degree from Williams College, USA in Macroeconomic Policy.
In 2012, Gantuya founded Art Space 976+ (formerly known as 976 Art Gallery) with a desire to promote contemporary art of Mongolia.
Later she continued the endeavor by organizing the 2017 and the 2019 Mongolia Pavilions where she worked as a curator for the latter.
It included a site-specific installation by Jantsankhorol Erdenebayar along with a sound installation made in collaboration with Carsten Nicolai and Mongolian traditional throat singers.
In 2017, through MCASA, Gantuya partnered with Goethe Institute Mongolia and organized a tour to documenta 14 with participation of Mongolian artists and curators.
This mosque was unused for a longer time and in the year 1761 the British officials used it to store Arms and ammunition.
In 1853 the leading Muslim of Chittagong headed by Hamidullah approached the British Government and was successful in releasing the mosque for religious purpose in 1855.
It was until September 14, 2019, when the disease began to resurface again through a positive test result done to a 3-year-old girl from the southern Philippines.
After the confirmation of a second case from tests done on a 5-year-old boy, the government of the Philippines publicly declared the polio outbreak on September 19, 2019.
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) have worked with the government of the Philippines in a massive polio vaccination campaign; other NGOs like the Red Cross are also collaborating in the campaign as well.
Four cases has been confirmed as of November 5, 2019: the first being that of a three-year-old girl in Lanao del Sur with the other cases reported in Laguna, Maguindanao, and Sultan Kudarat.
Just like the measles outbreak, the dengue outbreak was also caused by public distrust of the dengue vaccination campaign in 2012.
It is believed that the public's distrust in the country's poor healthcare system is a cause in this year's polio outbreak.
During this epidemic, WHO, UNICEF and other private medical communities are working hand in hand to help the Philippines Department of Health in conducting enormous vaccination runs throughout Metro Manila, Davao City, Marawi, and other major cities in the country.
According to the Philippine Red Cross, the duration of the mass vaccination run happened between October 14 and 27, 2019; the number of children they aimed to have vaccinated is 65,000 children.
As of October 2, 2019, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) has pledged US$336,700 from it relief funds in efforts to eradicate polio from the Philippines.
Not only is the outbreak proving a risk to citizens of the Philippines, but other neighboring countries are keeping watch on the spread of the disease as well.
An advisory was released by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia to the Philippines, in aiming to prevent the spread of polio.
Choosi Choodangaane is an upcomingIndian Telugu-language romantic comedy produced by Raj Kandukuri under the banner Dharmapatha Creations, directed by Sesha Sindhu Rao.
His relationship with his parents (Anish Y Kurivilla and Pavithra Lokesh), his struggles in his career, friendship and how he falls in love with Aishwarya (Malavika Satheesan) in college and what happens when he meets Shruti (Varsha Bollamma) at a later part in his life is depicted through this film.
Siddu (Shiva Kandukuri) is portrayed as a wedding photographer in the film, while Shruti is a music composer and drummer in a band.
After high school, Jurema attended medicine at Fluminense Federal University as not only black student on the course, but the only one for several years.
After graduating, she worked at the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Secretariat for Social Assistance and the Center for Articulation of Marginalized Populations.
Werneck is a black feminist, physician , author and doctor in Communication and Culture from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
In March 1953, several days before the official announcement of Joseph Stalin death, Eli Schechtman was imprisoned and charged with espionage and Zionism.
Eli Shechtman's mother died when he was eight years old, and all the burden of care for the children fell on his father's shoulders.
In 1926, Eli Shechtman came to Odessa - a large intellectual center of Jewish life of that time - where he studied literature at the Odessa Jewish Pedagogical Institute from 1929 to 1932.
In 1934 Schechtman was enlisted as an active member to the Union of Soviet Writers, his acceptance was sanctioned by Maxim Gorky, who was the chairman of the Union.
On the day following the Nazi's attack on the USSR, and the bombing of Kiev, Eli Schechtman and his family were evacuated to Uzbekistan.
He was injured in 1944, but returned to the front line, and fought with the Russian army until the end of the war.
In May 1945, he joined the Russian forces in their march to Berlin, and in 1946-1948 he served as the Cultural Attaché of the Soviet Forces and stationed near Weimar.
He failed to publish his works, and the family struggled to survive, supported only by Sheindl's modest salary as a kindergarten teacher.
This epic novel, the first Yiddish novel in the USSR, written and published after Stalin's death, became the central work of his literary career.
Eli and his wife settled in Jerusalem, and began to struggle with the realization that Yiddish, the language of the Holocaust victims, was considered foreign by the Jewish state.
In the 1980s and 1990s he grew more critical of the Israeli establishment’s historical and cultural treatment of the European Diaspora, and his estrangement from Israel’s Hebrew and Yiddish literary circles deepened.
Although Schechtman received several Israeli literary prizes, he was disappointed with the status of Yiddish in Israel and generally stayed detached from the circle of local Yiddish writers.
In 1991 he was not included in the two-volume anthology published by the Israeli Union of Yiddish Writers and Journalists, which sought to represent the entire Yiddish literary world of Israel.
Eli Schechtman died on January 1, 1996, and is buried next to his wife at a cemetery in Kiryat Bialik, Israel.
The novel was translated into Hebrew and was published twice: the first book was published in 1981, the second one - in 1983, and both books together - in the Classic series in 1992.
In 1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, Upreti stood as the candidate of SCR from Rhenock constituency, and won in the melee among 10 candidates.
By 1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, K. N. Upreti had transferred to Sikkim Sangram Parishad (SSP) which was led by Nar Bahadur Bhandari.
He served the Minister for Law, Education, Sports, UD & HD, Food & Civil Supplies, Culture, Government of Sikkim (Nar Bahadur Bhandari ministry).
In 1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, K. N. Upreti won the seat from Rhenock fourth times, but SSP was beaten by Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) which was led by Pawan Kumar Chamling.
In 1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, Upreti did not contest any constituency, meanwhile Bhandari stood as INC candidate from Rhenock constituency and won the seat.
In 2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, K. N. Upreti stood as the candidate of INC from Rhenock, but he was defeated by the candidate of SDF, Bhim PD.
In 2009 Sikkim Lok Sabha election, Upreti stood as the candidate of INC again, but he became the runner-up candidate again.
In December 2017, K. N. Upreti joined Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) with 2 former SDF State Ministers, Ran Bahadur Subba (R.B.
In 1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, Nima Lepcha stood as an independent candidate from Rumtek constituency, but he lost and secured 3.10% votes.
In the 1990s, he had spearheaded the apolitical organization, Nepali Bhutia Lepcha Sadbhawana Sangathan (NEBULA) and raised the issues of Nepali seat reservation and immigrant tag on Sikkimese Nepali communities.
In 2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, Nima Lepcha stood as the candidate of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from Rumtek, but he lost again.
In 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, he stood as the candidate of HSP from Martam-Rumtek, but he received only 1.38% votes.
Command Control (also called CMD CTRL) is an annual, multi-day summit organized by Messe München that focuses primarily on cybersecurity topics.
In addition, according to this study, many companies pay too little attention to their employees when defending themselves against cyber threats.
According to the index, 78 percent consider a change of strategy in their company to be necessary when it comes to cyber security.
In 1823 he attended the Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth, and then in 1828 served as midshipman on HMS Challenger followed by .
Kevin McDugle (born May 3, 1967) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 12th district since 2016.
Ray Burdis has specifically said that the movie is not a sequel to the original Quadrophenia movie, though it does feature some of the characters, and is set in the mod subculture.
While abroad, he joined the royal court at the Vienna as a page, and became a royal secretary of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
During that time he visited a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, and learned languages including French, Spanish, German, and Italian.
He served as a Polish diplomat in several diplomatic mission (to Muscovy and Scandinavia during the reign of Stefan Batory), accompanying Batory during the Siege of Pskov and acting as one of the principal Polish negotiators for the subsequent Truce of Yam-Zapolsky of 1582.
In his political activities during the period of royal elections, Warszewicki supported the monarchs, in particular, Henry of Valoise, and later, House of Hapsburg candidates for the Polish throne.
That last decision ended up badly for him; when the Hapsburgs lost the elections, he suffered from royal disfavor and exile which may or may not have been voluntary (sources vary).
While most of his works were printed and reprinted in Poland and the Holy Roman Empire, some of his works saw reprints as far as Venice, Spain, France, Sweden, and Rome.
He spoke at the coronation ceremony of Henry of Valoise in 1574, and, in 1576, gave a funerary oration at the funeral of the Emperor Maximilian II.
Polish historian described Warszewicki as a controversial figure among modern historians, some of whom consider him an influential writer, while others see him as more derivative.
His lifetime passion to travel to foreign countries also influences his perception of his own culture, and provides a source of new ideas for his writing.
Politycki has completed numerous book tours, including at the Edinburgh World Writers' Conference in August 2012 and the Belfast Festival at Queen's in October 2014.
His career as a freelance writer began in earnest in 1990, although he continued as a freelance editor for Munich Publishers C.H.
However, he realizes, too late, that her eloquent criticisms of his forgotten manuscript also bring to light her hidden perception of their married life.
The scene is set in legendary Samarkand, where Alexander Kaufner, a mountain ranger and frontier runner, embarks on a quest to find a mysterious cult place, a second Samarkand somewhere hidden high up in the mountains.
The novel evolves a dark dystopia of the free West on the brink of collapse due to the aggression of Greater-Russia and the fundamentalist alliances of the Caliph of Baghdad.
His standpoint on writing, which he compared to marathon running, was illustrated in a plenary lecture at the German Germanistentag in 2016.
It is a collection of previously published monographs, sporadically released poems as well as a new poem cycle and contains an afterword by Wolfgang Frühwald.
In 2014, he became Writer in Residence in Osaka to celebrate the 25-year anniversary of the town-twinning of Hamburg and Osaka.
As a recipient of a travel stipend of the Deutscher Literaturfonds and Sylt Foundation, in 2017 he travelled in Cambodia on the trail of the Khmer Rouge.
He accepted a new invitation from the Chinese Writers' Association and the Lu Xun Academy as Writer in Residence in Beijing in 2019.
The tree typically grows to a height of and has a single stem or divides sparingly near ground level, some trunks have a diameter of up to .
It has glabrous green to milky green dimidiate to sickle shaped phyllodes with a length of and a width of and has many longitudinal nerves that are parallel and closely packed together.
The simple inflorescences occur in groups of two to four in the axils and has cylindrical shaped flower-spikes with a length of with loosely packed cream to pale yellow to lemon yellow coloured flowers.
The resinous and crustose seed pods that form after flowering have a narrowly oblong shape and can be flat or spirally twisted one to three times.
The glossy balck seeds have an ovoid, ellipsoid or obovoid shape with a length of and a width of with a creamy-grey or greyish coloured many folded aril.
It is found around the Coleman River in the south up to the catchment areas for the Wenlock River and Olive Rivers in the north.
It is mostly situated along the river banks and seasonal drainage systems along the eastern side of the Peninsula where it is usually a part of rainforest communities.
Josef Šebestián Daubek (24 December 1842, Polička - 15 July 1922, Liteň) was a Czech-Austrian nobleman who served as a politician, entrepreneur and patron of the arts.
He attanded a Realschule in Prague, followed by a business and commercial education in Vienna; where he married Irma Welsová in 1884.
In addition to his business interests, he was active in politics; serving three terms as the District Mayor in Polička (1874, 1890, 1893).
He was also a patron of the arts and formed a life-long friendship with the painter, František Ženíšek, whom he engaged to decorate his home in Liteň.
It is believed that the name Kudasan is derived from the word 'Kuda', Garbage in Gujarati and 'San' for the place to hold.
The recent growth of city primarily started from year 2010 onwards when government of Gujarat started launching several schemes including GIFT City scheme as well as many education schemes and IT Park such as Infocity.
Later it added to property boom which invited many businesses to start their project and further added to the growth of the city.
There are many immigrants from areas around the city including places like Baradiya, Saurashtra and Mehsana who initially come for a Job and then settle in the area.
A lot of people living in Kudasan includes corrupt politicians and their families which made the area a hub of illegal activities.
The series was co-commissioned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the British Broadcasting Corporation, with BBC Studios holding global distribution and merchandising rights.
The series made its premiere on Disney Junior in America and the United Kingdom and will be released internationally on Disney+.
She is professor of international law and international relations and Head of School at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales Canberra at the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA).
Scott formerly held the position of chair of the International Law Section of the International Studies Association (ISA) and is also co-director of the Scientia Academy at UNSW Sydney.
Below is a full list of his works, some of which he collaborated with other authors and have been translated from French to English.
Tallet attempted to translate this text into English and he concluded that Merer and his large group had the job of transporting thousands of limestone blocks via ship across the River Nile.
This discovery is particularly vital in the modern studying of the Great Pyramid, especially as Merer was previously an unknown figure in the studying of the Great Pyramid.
These are the late night schedules for the four United States broadcast networks that offer programming during this time period, starting September, 2019.
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth.
A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness.
Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.
The eclipse will cross Europe and Central Asia and will be visible in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, european part of Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and China.
As a public library inspector, she was instrumental in bringing about administrative and legislative changes leading to more active use of children's books in schools and libraries.
Internationally, she chaired IFLA's committee for children's libraries (1965–1971) and in 1966 became Denmark's representative on the International Board on Books for Young People.
Born in Hillerød on 20 January 1919, Aase Dilling Larsen was the daughter of the haulier Hjalmar Dilling Larsen (1892–1972) and Jessie Petra Marie Thomsen (1893–1987).
During the German occupation of Denmark, she was active in the Danish resistance as a member of Frit Danmark's libraries group.
A talented administrator, she headed the Danish Library Association's Children's Literature Committee (1954–1964) and chaired the committee for Children's Book Week in 1966 and 1971.
As a result of her administrative expertise, in 1965 she was promoted to the position of public libraries inspector, an appointment which until then has been reserved for men.
Csaba Bukta (born 25 July 2001) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Austrian Football Second League club Liefering and the Hungary U17 national team.
Although the Social Democrats hung onto being the largest party and being the largest parliamentary bloc, the party had its worst election result in the unicameral Riksdag era at 36.4 %.
Both the Left Party and the Christian Democrats had record high results instead, while the Centre Party and People's Party had record low vote shares.
There were 5,261,109 valid ballots cast, a sizeable decrease in turnout from the 1994 election, with turnout dropping from 86.8 % to 81.4 %.
Although both blocs finished at 48.2 %, the centre-right bloc won a plurality in Svalöv Municipality by 3,534 votes to 3,533.
Reticunassa is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks.
In 1947, Eino Heilimo was awarded the silver medal of the Finnish Chess Federation, and in 1967 received the gold medal of the same organization.
was a Swedish prince, grandson of Ragnar Lodbrok, who allegedly flourished in the early Viking Age and had a certain dynastic importance.
This text says that the renowned Viking ruler Ragnar Lodbrok, after his demise, was succeeded by his various sons who ruled over Sweden, Denmark, the eastern lands (Austrríki) and England.
This information is historically problematic since Björn is otherwise known to have performed Viking raids in West Francia in the 850s and allegedly died in Frisia in the early 860s.
When the main ruler Erik died, Refil was apparently dead already, since the next ruler was Refil's son Erik Refilsson who is praised as a great warrior and all-mighty king.
The film was also screened at the 62nd BFI London Film Festival and Africa in Motion Film Festival in October 2018.
Zaid Randera (Ronak Patani) returns home to Mayfair in Johannesburg where his father Aziz (Rajesh Gopie), a money launderer is facing death threats from his creditors/lenders.
Zaid has been dismissed from his job permanantly and finds himself living under the shadow of his father whose status is marred by falling into a debt trap.
John Warren Moutoussamy (1922–1995) was an American architect, best known for designing the headquarters building of the Johnson Publishing Company in downtown Chicago, Illinois.
Moutoussamy designed the 1971 headquarters building for the Johnson Publishing Company on Michigan Avenue in Chicago, which is still the only downtown Chicago high-rise building designed by an African-American.
Moutoussamy designed other buildings in the Chicago area, including the Richard J. Daley College, Olive–Harvey College, Harry S. Truman College, the Chicago Urban League building, and the 36-story Regents Park twin towers in the Hyde Park area of Chicago.
Jeanne Moutoussamy-Ashe is a photographer, and was married to the tennis player Arthur Ashe from 1977 until his death from AIDS in 1993.
David Affengruber (born 25 July 2001) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Austrian Football Second League club Liefering and the Austria U19 national team.
A team can use four foreign players on the field in each game, including at least one player from the AFC region.
The Asklepieion of Athens was the sanctuary built in honour of the gods Asclepius and Hygieia, located west of the Theatre of Dionysos and east of the Pelargikon wall on the southern escarpment of the Acropolis hill.
It was founded in the year 419/18 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, perhaps as a direct result of the plague, by Telemachos Acharneas.
His foundation is inscribed in the Telemachos Monument, a double-sided, marble column which is topped by reliefs depicting the arrival of the god in Athens from Epidaurus and his reception by Telemachos.
The sanctuary complex consisted of the temple and the altar of the god as well as two galleries, the Doric Arcade which served as a katagogion for overnight patients in the Asklepieion and their miraculous (through dreams) healing by the god, and the Ionic Stoa that served as a dining hall and lodging for the priests of Asclepius and their visitors.
The Doric Arcade was founded according to inscriptions in 300/299 BCE and was a two-storey building with 17 Doric columns on its facade.
This is framed by the sacred spring at its eastern end and a pit lined with masonry at its western end.
The circular well or pit, a deep hollow with polygonal masonry built into the cliff face, was accessed from the second floor of the Doric Arcade and dates to the last quarter of the 5th century.
F Robert proposed that it was a place devoted to the celebration of Heroes in the Asklepeion during ta Heroa, which witnessed sacrifices to the chthonic gods and heroes, as testified epigraphically.
The Ionian Arcade, west of the temple, is also dated to the last quarter of the 5th century.The sanctuary on its west side was enclosed by a propylon for the visitors to access from the ancient promenade to the Asklepieion site.
At the beginning of the 6th c. CE, when Christian worship succeeded the ancient, all the monuments of Asclepius were demolished and the material incorporated into the complex of a large, three-aisled Early Christian basilica.
In the Byzantine years (11th and 13th centuries) two smaller, single-aisled temples occupied the position of the basilica, while the latter of them functioned as the catholicon of a small monastery.
Since 2002, partial restorations of the west end of the ground floor of the Doric Stoa façade, the room of the Sacred Cave on the first floor of the Doric Stoa and the temple of Asclepius have been performed.
Mustafa received scholarships from the Sahitya Kala Parishad at the state level in 2012-13 from the ministry of culture and is a fellow at the Farukhabad gharana tradition of Hindustani classical music.
Mustafa is the grandson of Ustad Ahmed Jan Thirakwa and Ustad Sabri khan, who are renowned for their contribution to Hindustani Classical music.
He learned music in the family and has performed alongside eminent Hindustani classical artists like Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Ustad Kamal Sabri, Pankaj Udhas, and many others.
As the fifth generation musician from the Thirakwa lineage, the grandson of Ustad Ahmed Jan Thirakwa, and the son of Ustad Rashid Mustafa Thirakwa, He is working on developing different styles of tabla playing.
The event was organised by Chhavi Bansal, under the mentorship of Dr Anuradha Mishra, Professor of Vivekananda Institute of professional studies.
Heidi Witzig (born 1944 in Zurich), formerly known as Heidi Schäppi-Witzig and now as Heidi Witzig Vetterli, is a Swiss historian.
She studied history and art history at the universities of Zurich and Florence and earned a doctorate in Zurich with a work about the early Italian Renaissance in 1978.
Macaulay has worked as a professional and academic in the area of human rights, particularly in the field of the rights of children and women, being a recognized expert in the fight against gender violence.
She has also worked for the abolition of the death penalty in the Caribbean region and for environmental rights, as well as for the land rights of indigenous peoples.
She was judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights between 2007 and 2012 where she contributed to the formulation of the Rules of Procedure of the Court.
Macauley was elected as a member of the IACHR by the OAS General Assembly in 2015 to replace Francisco Eguiguren of Peru.
She was the Rapporteur for Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas , Dominica , the United States , El Salvador and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Macaulay was elected commissioner of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) by the OAS General Assembly for a period of four years, from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019.
The film features newcomers Vasanth, Lakshmi Rai, Vijayraj, Prakash, Kandan and Sriram in lead roles, with Charan Raj, Sethu Vinayagam, Mahanadi Shankar, Pandu, M. S. Bhaskar, Crane Manohar, Jayasurya and Hemalatha playing supporting roles.
After graduating from college, Vasanth (Vasanth), Vijay (Vijayraj), Arun (Prakash) and Karthik (Kandan) have decided to stay in their rented house in Chennai while their friend Sakthi (Sriram) returns to his native village.
The six jobless friends are desperate to find a decent job and decide to steal from a minister who had black money (Sethu Vinayam).
Posing as income tax officers, they conduct a surprise raid at the minister's house during his absence and they secretly rob 30 crores of rupees.
Meanwhile, Jayasurya escapes from jail with the help of the corrupt sub-inspector of police Sankar (Mahanadi Shankar) and the minister gives Jayasurya the mission of killing the six people.
In the forest, Sakthi faked his own death with the help of Jayasurya, he then killed Jayasurya and started killing his friends one by one.
Sakthi who is in a psychotic state doesn't listen to her and tries to kill Vasanth so Sakthi's sister has no other choice but to kill Sakthi.
This year marked the abolition of the North & Central America and the South America sub-zones, with all teams now competing within a single bracket, with the overall winner being promoted to the following year's World Group.
The 2019 Malaysia M4 League (Malay:2019 Liga M4 Malaysia) is the 1st season of the League competition since its establishment in 2019.
Scanning quantum dot microscopy (SQDM) is a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that is used to image nanoscale electric potential distributions on surfaces.
The method quantifies surface potential variations via their influence on the potential of a quantum dot (QD) attached to the apex of the scanned probe.
Measuring electric potential distributions is also relevant for characterizing organic and inorganic semiconductor devices which feature electric dipole layers at the relevant interfaces.
The probe to surface distance in SQDM ranges from 2 nm to 10 nm and therefore allows imaging on non-planar surfaces or, e.g., of biomolecules with a distinct 3D structure.
In SQDM, the relation between the potential at the QD and the surface potential (the quantity of interest) is described by a boundary value problem of electrostatics.
Then, the potential formula_2 of a point-like QD at formula_3 can be expressed using the Green's function formalism as a sum over volume and surface integrals, where formula_4 denotes the volume enclosed by formula_1 and formula_6 is the surface normal.
By specifying formula_14 and thus defining the boundary conditions, these equations can be used to obtain the relation between formula_8 and the surface potential formula_17 for more specific measurement situations.
The combination of a conductive probe and a conductive surface, a situation characterized by Dirichlet boundary conditions, has been described in detail.
Conceptually, the relation between formula_18 and formula_19 links data in the imaging plane, obtained by reading out the QD potential, to data in the object surface - the surface potential.
If the sample surface is approximated as locally flat and the relation between formula_18 and formula_19 therefore translationally invariant, the recovery of the object surface information from the imaging plane information is a deconvolution with a point spread function defined by the boundary value problem.
In the specific case of a conductive boundary, the mutual screening of surface potentials by tip and surface lead to an exponential drop-off of the point spread function.
Two methods have been reported to obtain the imaging plane information, i.e., the variations in the QD potential formula_18 as the probe is scanned over the surface.
The influence of the laterally varying surface potentials on formula_8 is actively compensated by continuously adjusting the global sample potential via an external bias voltage formula_26 .
formula_24 is chosen such that it matches a discrete transition of the QD charge state and the corresponding change in probe-sample force is used in non-contact atomic force microscopy to verify a correct compensation.
In an alternative method, the vertical component of the electric field at the QD position is mapped by measuring the energy shift of a specific optical transition of the QD which occurs due to the Stark effect.
The object plane image formula_19 can be interpreted as a variation of the work function, the surface potential, or the surface dipole density.
Within the surface dipole density interpretation, surface dipoles of individual nanostructures can be obtained by integration over a sufficiently large surface area.
In the compensation technique, the influence of the global sample potential formula_26 on formula_8 depends on the shape of the sample surface in a way that is defined by the corresponding boundary value problem.
On a non-planar surface, changes in formula_8 can therefore not uniquely be assigned to either a change in surface potential or in surface topography formula_32 if only a single charge state transition is tracked.
For example a protrusion in the surface affects the QD potential since the gating by formula_26 works more efficiently if the QD is placed above the protrusion.
If two transitions are used in the compensation technique the contributions of surface topography formula_32 and potential formula_35 can be disentangled and both quantities can be obtained unambiguously.
David Affengruber (born 4 March 1992) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
Rea Brändle (1 May 1953 in Neu St. Johann, canton of St. Gallen – 2 September 2019 in Zurich) was a Swiss journalist and writer.
In 2012, she edited a biography of writer Alfred Huggenberger with historian Mario König on behalf of the government of Thurgau.
CS Constantine, an Algerian professional association football club, has gained entry to Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions on several occasions.
The song reached number one on the Irish Singles Chart in November 2019 and on the UK Singles Chart in January 2020, becoming Capaldi's second chart-topper in the UK and third in Ireland.
Karl Theodor Haßloch (baptized 21 May 1769 – 23 August 1829) was a German stage actor and operatic tenor, bass and bariton, composer, Kapellmeister, Opera director, theater director and librettist.
Born in Amorbach, Haßloch worked from 1789 in Mannheim, where he replaced the actor Friedrich August Werdy, and married the singer Christiane Keilholz in 1793.
In 1809 he went to Darmstadt as an opera director, where he also took over the post of court kapellmeister in 1813.
In its 2nd year under head coach Jeff Jackson the team compiled a 30–9–4 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the sixth time.
Losing its top five scorers from 1990–91, the formerly high-scoring Lakers would need to find a sway to get over the postseason hump that had seem them bow out in the national quarterfinals two years in a row.
Stepping into the breach was freshman Brian Rolston, the 11th overall pick in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft and probably the most heralded prospect ever to appear in a Laker uniform.
In their first five games Lake Superior looked to be just as impressive as they had been over the past two seasons, winning each game by an average of five goals.
When the team took on defending national champion Northern Michigan in early November they earned a split in the home-and-home series.
While they did acquit themselves well, losing the road game was the start of a pattern that would continue throughout the entire season.
The next weekend, at perennial power Michigan State, Madeley demonstrated that he was going to have another strong season by limiting the Spartans to a single goal in each game but LSSU could only manage a split after being shut out in the first game.
While their defensive game was strong, None of their players were particularly strong on offense; no Laker finished the season in the top 40 in scoring and the best points per game for Lake State was Sandy Moger's 1.21 ppg, good for 88th in the country.
When eventual CCHA champion Michigan came to town in early December the Lakers earned a sweep in the series but did so with a 10–0 demolition of the Wolverines.
Lake Superior was able to balance out their adequate road swings with stifling defense at home; only twice did the Lakers give up more than three goals at the Norris Center but timely offense allowed them to win both games.
That poor home series also could not have come at a worse time; having lost both games at Michigan the week before Lake State was in a dogfight with their southern rivals for the top spot in the CCHA.
With all three teams separated by just 3 points, the conference would be determined by how the final month of the season played out.
While Lake Superior and Michigan swept their respective weekends in mid-February, Michigan State could only manage a single point against lowly Bowling Green.
The Lakers then earned a much-needed 3 points on the road against Western Michigan while the Wolverines all but ended the Spartans hopes with a sweep at the Joe Louis Arena.
With their next series against bottom-feeding Ohio State the Lakers had hopes that they could end their road woes but instead the team produced its worst defense efforts of the season, surrendering 15 goals in the two games and dropping five points behind the Wolverines, guaranteeing Michigan the CCHA championship.
MSU, meanwhile, had recovered after their debacle at 'The Joe' and crept up into a tie with Lake State for second place.
Not wanting to drop even further back, Lake Superior showed their mettle by taking both games against Western Michigan to finish one point ahead of the Spartans (who held the tie breaker) and lock up the second seed in the CCHA Tournament.
In their final home games of the year, Lake Superior easily defeated Illinois–Chicago in the conference quarterfinals, winning twice before heading to Detroit.
The semifinals saw them pitted against the Spartans but again, MSU failed in the Red Wings' building and the Lakers won the game 5–3.
Tournament MVP Darrin Madeley stole the show, holding the conference's top offensive team to a single goal en route to the Laker's championship.
While the CCHA crown guaranteed Lake Superior a spot in the NCAA Tournament, it was not enough to earn them a bye into the quarterfinals.
Lake Superior was given the third western seed, which would have allowed them to play at home in years past, but the NCAA Tournament format had been changed for 1992.
All games played by teams in the western regional were held at the Joe Louis Arena, a distinct advantage for CCHA teams.
Two nights later they took on Minnesota, the team that led the nation in wins, and again dominated the competition with an 8–3 victory.
Showing just how strong they were that year, Michigan, Michigan State and Lake Superior State all made the Frozen Four, the most the CCHA has ever produced.
The two squads battled to a 2–2 tie after two periods before Mark Astley scored the game winner midway through the third.
With only a surprising Wisconsin team standing in their way, the Lakers started the game well but soon found themselves down a goal.
Wisconsin added a power play marker before the end of the first and Lake Superior, who had had trouble scoring at times during the season, were hoping that the game wasn't already out of hand.
Rather than the game being remembered for performances by players, however, referee Tim McConaghy called an inordinate amount of penalties in the game.
Many in attendance had difficulty in understanding the calls and things went from bad to worse when the Badgers' captain Doug MacDonald was given a 10-minute misconduct for questioning the calls.
While the Lakers were hit for 10 penalties in the game, Wisconsin players headed to the box 15 times and Lake Superior managed to use the disproportionate advantages to even the game after 40 minutes.
Michael Smith scored early in the third to give the Lakers their first lead of the game but a power play goal by Jason Zent tied the game at 3-all.
Just after the fifteen-minute mark Brian Rolston scored to put Lake State up 4–3 and Wisconsin began a furious attempt to come back.
Wisconsin was forced to pull their goaltender but an empty-net goal by Jay Ness salted away the game and gave Lake Superior their second National Championship.
The Lakers had outshot Wisconsin 37–27 in the game while both teams scored twice on the power play, but the enduring legacy from the match was a confrontation between McConaghy and Wisconsin team members after the game.
The ugly incident would eventually lead to three separate suspensions, a sour finish for what should have been a Lake Superior triumph.
To make matters worse, Wisconsin's participation was later vacated for unrelated violations by team members leaving the 1992 championship one of the most mired in controversy in NCAA history.
Regardless of Wisconsin's response, Paul Constantin, who had started the laker's comeback in the second period, was named the tournament MOP and joined Darrin Madeley, Mark Astley and Brian Rolston on the All-Tournament team.
For the second year in a row Madeley possessed the best goals against average in the nation, posting the best numbers for any qualifying goalie in seven years.
Olihn's senior commands include Inspector of the Swedish Armoured Troops and military commander of the I Military Area and of the Lower Norrland Military Area (Milo NN).
Olihn also served in Finland during the Winter War in 1940 and in Abyssinia two times, from 1946 to 1949, and from 1956 to 1959.
Olihn became major of the General Staff Corps in 1950 and served as head of the Education Department in the Army Staff from 1950 to 1953.
There he commanded a group of 12 Swedish General Staff Corps officers who served as military advisors training Ethiopian staff officers.
It tells a story of a bullied high school girl and a teenage street thug, how both of their lives were changed by each other.
The film was released on October 25, 2019, in China, and on November 8, 2019, in the United States and Canada.
It was released by Well Go USA Entertainment in Mandarin with English subtitles in selected theaters in the United States and Canada.
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 8.33/10.
The film earned more than 1.29 billion yuan (about 184 million U.S. dollars) over the past 15 days, according to Maoyan.
It flows in an approximately ENE direction roughly parallel to the Lena through a relatively narrow valley by the Lena Plateau.
Finally it makes a bend northwards and joins the right bank of the Lena, about upstream from the capital Yakutsk and from the Lena's mouth.
The Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE) is a British government environmental research site, run by Public Health England (PHE) in Chilton, Oxfordshire that monitors levels of toxic chemicals and background radiation in the British environment; it is largely a continuation of the former National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB).
The Radiation Protection Division of the Health Protection Agency was formed on 1 April 2005, due to the Health Protection Agency Act 2004, directly superseding the NRPB.
PHE was the UK's first Radiation Protection Adviser Body, under the Ionising Radiations Regulations (IRR) 17 (which came from the International Commission on Radiological Protection).
Workers exposed to radiation include workers in dental radiography and nuclear power stations; exposure to radiation for workers in the UK must be ALARP.
It works with the ICRP, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Bruce Michael Bagley (born 1945/1946) is an American academic, and chair of department and professor of international studies at the University of Miami.
Bagley has done consultancy work for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), for the U.S. Government (Department of State, Department of Defense, Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Drug Enforcement Administration), and for several governments of Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia Panama and Mexico on issues of drug trafficking, money laundering and public security.
Bagley has testified before the U.S. Congress on matters related to Latin America on numerous occasions, and has also appeared in US federal court as an expert witness on drug trafficking and organized crime in Latin America.
The UV-5R is a discontinued hand-held radio that has been marketed illegally in the United States and was produced since 2012.
It is designed to transmit on the 2 meter band between 144 and 148 MHz and on the 70cm band between 430 and 450 MHz.
Features include CTCSS and duplex operation for use with local repeaters, dual watch and dual reception, an LED flashlight, voice prompts in either English or Chinese and programmable LED lighting for the LCD display.
The radio's main receiver uses DSP at the IF level, so a very flexible selection of bandwidths are available without the purchase of mechanical filters, as was necessary on past radios.
It features backlit keys, a built-in TNC for receiving DX Packet Cluster information, and the Sky Command II+ system (found on the K-Model), which allows for remote control of the transceiver using Kenwood's TH-D7A handheld or TM-D700A mobile radio.
The Kenwood TS-820S is a model of amateur radio transceiver produced primarily by the Kenwood Corporation from the late 1970s into the 1980s; some were produced by Trio Electronics before Kenwood's 1986 name change).
The TS-820S was the second of three hybrid (including vacuum tubes and semiconductors) models produced by Kenwood during the 1970s and 1980s, and was noted for its quality.
Its functionality and new hybrid technology made it one of the most popular transceivers marketed to amateurs in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The transceiver can transmit and receive on the HF 10-, 15-, 20-, 40-, 80- and 160-meter bands, and can receive WWV and WWVH on 15 MHz.
The FT-221 is a modular VHF 2M all mode (SSB, AM, CW and FM) amateur radio transceiver, produced during the 1970s.
The frequency is set by a 500 kHz range VFO being mixed with the product of a number of crystals and is displayed using a rotary display dial.
The top of the case is removed by opening 4 quick release fasteners, revealing a number of user adjustable trimmers and pots.
The open format of the internal construction also allowed the transmit and receive cables to be brought outside the case to use a low-noise coaxial relay.
This is a list of the dynasties that ruled the Roman Empire and its two succeeding counterparts, the Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).
Its policy is to ensure that all authors of its articles adhere to the rules and regulations stated in the Declaration of Istanbul and by the Committee on Publication Ethics.
Holcombe was selected by the Sacramento Kings as the 44th overall pick in the 1993 NBA draft but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Mane Maratakkide is a 2019 Indian Kannada language comedy horror film written by Mahi V Raghav and directed by Manju Swaraj.
It features Sadhu Kokila, Kuri Pratap, Chikkanna, Ravishankar Gowda and Sruthi Hariharan in the lead role.The supporting cast includes Karunya Ram, Shivram, Rajesh Nataranga and Giri.
The score and soundtrack for the film is by Abhimann Roy and the cinematography is by B.Suresh Babu.The editing for the film is done by N.M.Vishwa.
A special appearance by Karunya Ram in a song brings in the glam quotient.Cinematography by Suresh Babu comes handy as most of the scenes are shot indoors.
Laxmi Kunwar is the first Nepali athlete to represent Nepal in swimming at the Paralympic Games held in Rio de Janeiro.
At the age of 16, Kunwar fell from a tree while collecting grass in a jungle near her village in Nepal.
In 2016 representing Nepal, Kunwar participated in the S6 100 meters freestyle event at the Paralympic Summer Games and finished sixth in heat two of the qualifying round.
In 2015, Kunwar participated in the S6 100 meters freestyle event at the IPC Swimming World Championships held at Glasgow, Great Britain.
In 2018, Kunwar participated in the wheelchair basketball event where she participated to all four points for Nepal Spinal Cord Injury Sports Association (NSCISA).
The M27 begins at the M1 Booyesen Street Interchange as a number of off-ramps and heads northwards as Booysens Street through Booysens, Ophirton and into Selby.
The M27 as a southbound one-way road through the CBD is called Simmonds Street, starting at the Queen Elizabeth Bridge and runs through under the M2 where it joins Booysens Street.
Leaving the CBD the road resumes being dual carriageway as it crosses the railway lines via the Queen Elizabeth Bridge as Queen Elizabeth Drive and into Braamfontein.
Turning right, its joined by traffic crossing the Nelson Mandela Bridge its heads north through to the top of Braamfontein ridge as Bertha Street.
The M27, now called Jan Smuts Avenue begins on Braamfontein's ridge as an extension northwards of Bertha Street at the intersection with Stiemens Street.
It passes the East campus of the University of Witwatersrand on its left and Helpmekaar Kollege on the right before descending into the leafy suburb of Parktown where it crosses over a major intersection, the M71 Empire Road.
After crossing Empire Road, passes over the M1 De Villiers Graaff motorway again with several entrances and exits at this intersection.
Leaving Parktown, the road begins to drop as it descends Parktown Ridge through the hilly and leafy suburbs of Westcliff and Forest Town.
As it enters Parkview, it passes through the Herman Eckstein Park, with the Johannesburg Zoo to the right and the left Zoo Lake.
Narrowing to single lanes in Saxonwold, Jan Smuts Avenue splits northwards at the Cotswold Drive (R25) winding its way out off Saxonwold and into Parkwood.
It resumes as a dual carriageway as it climbs into the retail suburb of Rosebank and leafy Parktown North before dropping down into Dunkeld West as a single carriageway.
A short while later it resumes as a dual carriageway and passes through Hyde Park where at a major intersection close to the Hyde Park Corner shopping centre, the road splits north-west when it intersects the start of the M81 William Nicol Drive.
It then enters the old Randburg suburbs of Blairgowrie and Bordeaux intersecting Bram Fischer Drive, Ferndale and where the M27 Jan Smuts Avenue ends.
Felix Gschossmann (born 3 October 1996) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
The Sunbury visitor information centre also has a video hologram display with Firsty (Sunbury's own animated character) explaining many of sunbury's firsts.
Lanes Creek is a long 4th order tributary of the Rocky River in south-central North Carolina that drains Union County, North Carolina, and Anson County, North Carolina.
Lanes Creek rises near Alton, North Carolina in Union County and flows southeast then turns northeast to flow through Anson County to the Rocky River.
Jones then transferred to play for the Oral Roberts Golden Eagles to play for head coach Ken Trickey, who had attempted to recruit Jones since high school.
He sat out the 1989–90 season to concentrate on his academics and made his debut for the Golden Eagles during his senior season in 1990–91.
Jones was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers as the 52nd overall pick of the 1991 NBA draft but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
A cytocentrifuge, sometimes referred to as a cytospin, is a specialized centrifuge used to concentrate cells in fluid specimens onto a microscope slide so that they can be stained and examined.
Cytocentrifuges are used in various areas of the clinical laboratory, such as cytopathology, hematology and microbiology, as well as in biological research.
The method can be used on many different types of specimens, including fine needle aspirates, cerebrospinal fluid, serous and synovial fluid, and urine.
The surface of the funnel assembly that is in contact with the slide is lined with filter paper to absorb excess fluid.
If the cell count is high, cells may be distorted due to crowding; therefore, samples with high cell counts are diluted prior to smear preparation.
This technique was limited by poor discrimination between cell types (cells could only be classified as mononuclear or polymorphonuclear) and the low number of cells present in unconcentrated body fluids.
Markus Keusch (born 24 May 1993) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
The 2007 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 7 to 11, 2007.
The 2006 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 1 to 5, 2006.
The castle was ruined by the end of the 15th-century, and sat at the bottom of Coinagehall Street, where the bowling green and Grylls Monument are now located.
Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall was the grandson of King John, and a wealthy magnate who served as regent for his cousin King Edward I.
As Earl of Cornwall, he controlled eight and a third of Cornwall's nine hundreds, and had an income of around £8,000 per year (the equivalent of roughly £ in 2019).
It was granted a town charter by King John in 1201, and gained further status during Edward I's reign, when it became a stannary town which returned two members of parliament.
The location of the site, overlooking the river valley, which at the time was accessible from the sea, has also led to suggestions that it was more defensive in nature.
By the time of William Worcester's visit in 1478, the castle was in ruins, while another fifty years later, John Leland recorded that there were only traces of the castle remaining.
The former site of the castle is now the location of a bowling green and the Grylls Monument, at the bottom of Coinagehall Street.
The 2005 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 2 to 6, 2005.
After graduating in July 1985, he was assigned to the Western South China Sea Company, a branch of the CNOOC Limited.
He spent 15 years working at the Western South China Sea Company before moving to Chengmai County, where he was appointed deputy magistrate there.
In March 2003 he became the deputy Communist Party secretary of Chengmai County, rising to Communist Party secretary in May 2008.
In June 2017 he became chairman of the board and Party secretary of Hainan State Farms Investment Holding Group Co, Ltd. (Haiken Group), a large state-owned agricultural enterprise in Hainan province.
In April 2019, Yang has been placed under investigation for serious violations of laws and regulations by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.
On November 18, 2019, the First Intermediate People's Court of Hainan opened a court session to hear his case, the indictment accused him of taking bribes of over 338 million yuan (about 48.1235 million U.S. dollars).
The 2004 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 3 to 7, 2004.
The 2003 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 6 to 9, 2003.
The 2002 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 7 to 10, 2002.
Angola is a 1968 Cor-ten steel sculpture by Isaac Witkin, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
The 2001 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 8 to 11, 2001.
The 2000 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 1 to 4, 2000.
The 1999 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 3 to 6, 1999.
Guennette is a 1977 Pink Laurentian granite sculpture by Michael Heizer, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
The 1997 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 6 to 9, 1997.
The 1996 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 8 to 10, 1996.
The 5-match tournament was held at the World Wide Technology Soccer Park in St. Louis, MO with a combined attendance of 240.
The 1998 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 5 to 7, 1998.
It begins inside an unknown country with a dictatorship in place, it's like a day like any other for Shif and his best friend, 'Bini'.
They are at school as a normal day goes by and discuss what they want to do when they grow up and finish their military service for the country.
After a few days soldiers from the west of the town begin to show up around the school, scouting Shif and Bini as their fathers were against the government and they unknowingly 'traitors'.
Weeks go by after the story begins and Shif begins to notice the military spying on him, he runs away when one soldier confronts him.
Things begin to escalate when Bini doesn't arrive to school the next day, then when he arrives home his mother tells him he has to leave without his mother and sister since the government is after him.
When they pack everything to leave the soldiers enter his home and search for evidence of them leaving, just as they find it he is sent onto a truck leading to a prison along with his best friend Bini found when the raid of Shif's house begun.
They are lacking of thirst as they are on the truck for a full day straight until they finally reach a prison used with cargo containers to imprison traitors.
They are thrown inside the same cargo container along with 6 other prisoners that have been there for over a decade.
The 6 prisoners explain to them both of the rules and how it works, as well as where they are as they are very confused and thirsty.
After the march 1 prisoner also reveals that his father may be alive after all since he was sent to the same prison 14 years ago.
As soon as they launch it into action after discussing it inside the cargo container, he makes a run for it while the 6 prisoners make a distraction before promptly being gunned down by the guards.
He is forces to make it north towards the Mediterranean Sea to escape to Italy and wait for his family there.
He avoids soldiers searching the area for the escaped convict and he is able to sneak a row boat to the Mediterranean Sea after a few rough days without food nor water.
Storms and starvation kill off 1 man and 1 injured as Shif struggles to survive the madness of the storm upon their row boat.
Shif finally makes it to Italy where he sees his mother and sister but was never able to find out where his father was, which is the falling action of the story.
Shif: The main character of the story, a very smart kid who was unlucky enough to have a father who opposed the government and wanted more pay.
Bini: The main character's friend, is also very smart (maybe even smarter than Shif) and has the same fate as Shif as he attempts to stick alongside Shif's side as much as he can to support him.
He is old and has been in the prison for years for being a traitor, he is promptly shot down later in the story.
He is attributed the solution of different long-lasting conflicts of the abbey, amongst others that with the Bishopric of Konstanz.The construction of the now world famous Saint Gall Cathedral was initiated and supervised by Cölestin, albeit he did not live to see its completion.
Cölestin Gugger von Staudach was born in 1701 as son of city councillor Michael Anton Gugger von Staudach and Maria Oexlin.
First he visited the Jesuit school in Feldkirch, but in 1719 he changed over to the monastery school in Saint Gall.
Father Bernhard Frank von Frankenberg, who had been Cölestin's rival in the election of the abbot, later became the Abbot of Disentis Abbey.
Several times, Cölestin had to support him with staff and money, as the financial situation at Disentis Abbey was for a long time desolate.
With the intervention of Bern and (although showing little interest) Zurich, the abbot managed to receive the Toggenburgers' homage in due form in 1743.
The first negotiated solution regarding the rights of the subject territory, however, was only attained in 1755 - in consequence of pressure from France.
In several other parishes, Abbot Cölestin Gugger proved skill in solving conflicts on the path of negotiation, for instance when people in Rorschach were trying to rebel against the abbatial governance - on grounds of false accusations.
The Bishopric had for historical reasons - the Abbey of Saint Gall officially belonged to the Bishopric - the right to make visitations to the Saint Gall parishes.
Saint Gall had for a longer time been able to shirk these visitations, but the formal eviction of one of the bishopric's judicial vicars from the country was the last straw that broke the camel's back and Konstanz complained.
Finally, the conflict was settled in Rome by means of the exchange of lands (to Konstanz) for rights (to Saint Gall).
However, later on federal troops still had to restore order several times as Saint Gall and Konstanz did not want to adhere to the new rules and, for example, did not present a newly elected chaplain to the abbot, but, as before, to the bishop.
On 29 April 1757, he laid the foundation of his most significant work, the new construction of the Abbey of Saint Gall.
The building itself was constructed in two stages and finished in 1767; the completion of the interior, however, took much more time.
Despite the significant expenses of his construction work as well as trials and jura regalia, he was able to pay back the entire debt that he had inherited from his predecessor and furthermore bequeath his successor 180'600 guilder in cash and 57'695 guilder as capital.
TV Man or Five Piece Cube with Strange Hole is a 1993 mountain rose colored granite and steel sculpture by David Bakalar, installed on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
He also recorded his assaults, which were found in a trash bin by a telephone technician, who reported the matter to authorities.
While working in the clinic, he had a register of about 2,000 clients, who paid above average fees to be attented to by the reputed doctor.
In 2002, a technician from a telephone company, who was helping a colleague repair a telephone line, was surprised to see a large square-shaped trash bag next to the pole in a rubbish dump.
He decided to take them home, in order to find out which ones were good quality, while he would discard the others.
In more than 15 hours of recordings, of which only a small portion were aired, scenes of sexual abuse were committed against about 40 victims – all boys, aged between 8 and 17 years.
But the mother of one of Chipkevitch's patients watched the show, realising who it was, and that same evening filed a complaint to the police.
The doctor was sentenced in the first instance to a total penalty of 128 years imprisonment, plus fines for indecent assault with presumed violence, since the victims were unable to defend themselves.
Maulana Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi was a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1972 to 1977.
David Peham (born 20 February 1992) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
Joseph Lux (January 1757 – 9 May 1818) was a German actor and operatic bass), who appeared especially in comic roles.
In 1786 he changed to Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Großmann, who at this time had joined the theatre entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Klos and played in the cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Bonn.
The important ensemble, which last performed in Aachen, gave rise to the Bonner Nationaltheater, which was subsidized by Elector Maximilian Franz with 15,000 Reichstalers per year and opened on 3 January 1789.
Through his activities Lux came into close contact with the young Ludwig van Beethoven and accompanied him and the other members of the court chapel on the memorable journey the court made to Mergentheim in September and October 1791.
La Grande Voile (The Big Sail) is a 1965 painted steel sculpture by Alexander Calder, installed in McDermott Court, on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
As Rick excuses himself and leaves for a solo adventure, which Summer surmises as defecating, Jerry is curious and offers to develop Glootie's app.
Glootie leads them to his mothership, where they meet the aliens' leader, who rebukes humanity's inefficiency in mastering love and states that the app is a distraction to steal Earth's water resources.
As Morty chastises Jerry about his decisions, Glootie puts an ad-wall on the app, leading Summer and everyone else to delete the app and resume their lives.
Upon visiting Tony's office, he finds out from his assistant that Tony has quit his job and died in a ski accident, having intended to live life to the fullest.
Feeling guilty, Rick attends Tony's funeral, then goes back to the lavatory and sits on the toilet, which spawns a crowd of holographic Ricks who berate Tony and his loneliness.
In the post-credits scene, Jerry consumes some Globafin and sees his own ideal reality: himself as a competent water-bottle delivery man.
The episode features guest actors Sam Neill as the Monogatron leader, Kathleen Turner as his wife, Jeffrey Wright as Tony; and director Taika Waititi as Glootie.
Heavy attributes the title to be a reference to Ernest Hemingway's Old Man and the Sea, in which an old man, waning in his abilities, struggles to catch a giant marlin.
Reviewing for Den of Geek, Joe Matar praised the extraordinary parings of Beth and Summer, Jerry and Morty, and Rick alone with himself as mostly extremely well.
Adams Branch is a tributary of Richardson Creek in south-central North Carolina that rises in Union County near Alton, North Carolina and then flows generally north through Union County to Richardson Creek.
Lukas Deinhofer (born 20 March 1994) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
With Karina Uzurova, he competed in the final segment at two ISU Championships and finished sixth at the 2015 Winter Universiade.
The two made their international debut in September 2010, competing at 2010–11 ISU Junior Grand Prix events in Braşov, Romania, and Karuizawa, Japan.
Ranked 7th in the preliminary round and 17th in the short dance, they qualified to the final segment and went on to finish 17th overall.
In January, they competed at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria; they ranked fifth in the short dance, sixth in the free dance, and sixth overall.
The following month, at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Minsk (Belarus), they placed 11th in the preliminary round and 22nd in the short dance, which meant that they did not qualify to the free dance.
In February, they placed 5th in the short dance, 8th in the free dance, and 6th overall at the 2015 Winter Universiade in Granada, Spain.
A week later, they competed at their final event together, the 2015 Four Continents Championships in Seoul, South Korea, where they finished 12th.
Broad Oak also known as Broad Oaks, was an estate in Dedham, Massachusetts owned by Edward Richards and his family, and then later Ebenezer Burgess and his descendants.
Today the name lives on as part of the Broad Oak Farm which is located on part of the original estate.
Richards purchased the property sometime between 1653 and 1670 and, while no record exists recording the transfer, it is suspected it was closer to 1670.
The Broad Oak estate and house were located northwest of the Dedham village, on a bend in the Charles River, off West Street near the present day border of Needham.
It is presumed that Jonathan Richards, a widower, may have lived on the land for a time after he sold it to Burgess.
When and horse and buggy were stolen from the estate in 1904, the Society in Dedham for Aprehending Horse Thieves attempted to capture the criminal.
Bernhard Müller (* 1557 in Ochsenhausen; † 18 December 1630 in Rorschach) was prince-abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1594 until 1630.
On 19 April 1582 he became baccalaureus philosophiae, on 18 June 1583 he became licentiatus and on 21 June of the same year he became magister artium liberalium summa cum laude.
He became licentiatus theologiae on 11 December 1589 and finally – after public disputation – doctor theologiae on 26 October 1593.
He received the papal blessing on 16 October 1595 (Clement VIII wrote a papal breve on 18 March 1595 against electoral capitulations which were settled at Bernhard's election).
During his abbacy, Bernhard made regular visitations to the parishes, the first in 1602 and then in 1612/13, 1615, 1618, 1621/22, and 1627.
He also conducted several church construction projects; for example, St. Johann abbey, which burnt down in 1626, had to be rebuilt.
The 2019 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from November 3 to 10, 2019.
It was released by Sony Music Latin and Crescent Moon Records in mid-2004 as the lead single from his seventh studio album of the same name.
After he released the theme song for the 2004 Copa América, Gian Marco released his seventh album with this song as the lead single.
Matthias Wurm (born 3 April 1993) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
Pallavaram taluk is a taluk in Chengalpattu district (earlier under Kancheepuram district) formed from the bifurcation of Alandur taluk in 2015.
Since 2019, new Chengalpattu district has been carved out from Kancheepuram District.Kundrathur is formed as new taluk with Kundrathur and Mangadu firkas.Kundrathur taluk comes under Kancheepuram District and Pallavaram Taluk is moved to newly formed Chengalpattu District.
The total area of Pallavaram is 80 km² including Kundrathur and Mangadu Firkas forming a largest taluk.Since 2019, Kundrathur and Mangadu Firkas are carved out from Pallavaram Taluk to form the new Kundrathur Taluk under Kancheepuram District.So, the total area of Pallavaram Taluk will shrink to 52 km² covering Pallavaram and Pammal firkas.
Prior to joining the faculty at Johns Hopkins University, where she is currently the Leonard and Helen Stulman Endowed Professor in psychiatric and mental health nursing, she served in multiple roles at Rush University including: Professor of Nursing, Chairperson of Women's and Children's Health Nursing, and Associate Dean for Research and Scholarship in the College of Nursing.
A major advantage of the PMT program approach is lower cost, with each participant costing approximately 50% less for PMT as compared to PCIT.
With support from Jonas Philanthropies and in partnership with the American Academy of Nursing, Gross developed the Academy Jonas Policy Scholars Program to train emerging nurse leadership as policy scholars.
Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Most of the listed buildings are houses and farmhouses, the earlier of which are timber framed or have a timber framed core.
They will be replaced by Armenia, winner in 2016 that comes back to competition after its withdrawal from the EuroBasket 2021 pre-qualifieres, and Azerbaijan, winner in 2006 and 2008, that comes back to competition since its participation in the FIBA EuroBasket 2013 qualification.
She first helped her husband Carl Aller to develop his photolithographic method of image production to establish a magazine containing recipes in 1874.
After colour was added in 1895, sales increased dramatically and production was moved to larger premises on Vigerslev Allé in Valby.
Born on 14 January 1849 in Copenhagen, Laura Christiane Bierring was the daughter of the herbalist Lauritz Jørgen Bierring (1816–1854) and Christine Clausen (1816–1971).
Brought up in a modest Copenhagen home, on 20 October 1871 she married the lithographer Carl Julius Aller (1845–1926) who had become known for inventing a new photolithographic process facilitating the production of multiple copies of the same image.
Complete with attractive illustrations, it kept people updated on the most important events of the day in an entertaining style with a humorous slant.
Such was the income from sales that the family bought the luxurious Sophienholm manor on Lake Bagsværd and travelled to the south of France in their own railway car.
After a modern production plant had been developed, in 1895 the magazine was the first in Scandinavia to appear in colour.
Therefore, bears who range in ecozones that include have access to openings, cover and moisture or water tend to average larger whereas those bears that range into ecozones with enclosed forested areas or arid, sparsely vegetated regions, both of which tend to be sub-optimal foraging habitat for brown bears, average smaller.
Scandinavia, eastern Europe, western Russia), Yellowstone National Park or interior Alaska seasonally weigh on average between , from mean low adult female weights in spring to male bear mean high weights in fall.
These mass variations represent only two widespread subspecies, the grizzly bear in North America and the Eurasian brown bear in Europe.
Due to the lack of genetic variation within subspecies, the environmental conditions in a given area likely plays the largest part in such weight variations.
interior Alaska, with the heaviest weights recorded in Nelchina, Alaska, nearly three times heavier in males than the smallest grizzlies from Alberta, Canada's Jasper National Park.
The enclosed taiga habitat of Jasper presumably is sub-optimal foraging habitat for grizzlies, requiring them to range widely and feed sparsely, thus reducing body weights and putting bears at risk of starvation, while in surfaces areas in the tundra and prairie are apparently ideal for feeding.
A gradual diminishment in body size is noted in grizzly bears from the sub-Arctic zone, from the Brooks Range to the Mackenzie Mountains, presumably because food becomes much sparser in such regions, although perhaps the most northerly recorded grizzly bears ever, in the Northwest Territories, was a large and healthy male weighing , more than twice as much as an average male weighs near the Arctic Circle.
Data from Eurasia similarly indicates a diminished body mass in sub-Arctic brown bears, based on the weights of bears from northern Finland and Yakutia.
Adult shoulder height averaged in Yellowstone (for any bear measured five or more years old) and a median of (for adults only 10 or more years old) in Slovakia.
The largest recorded grizzlies from Yellowstone and Washington State both weighed approximately and eastern European bears have been weighed in Slovakia and Bulgaria of up to , about double the average weight for male bears in these regions.
In Eurasia, the size of bears roughly increases from the west to the east, with the largest bears there native to eastern Russia.
Even in the nominate subspecies size increases in the eastern limits, with mature male bears in Arkhangelsk Oblast and Bashkortostan commonly exceeding .
East Siberian brown bears from outside the sub-Arctic and mainland Ussuri brown bears average about the same size as the largest-bodied populations of grizzly bear, i.e.
On the other hand, the Ussuri brown bears found in the insular population of Hokkaido are usually quite small, usually weighing less than , exactly half the weight reported for male Ussuri brown bears from Khabarovsk Krai.
A similarly diminished size has been reported in East Siberian brown bears from Yakutia, as even adult males average around , thus about 40% less than the average weight of male bears of this subtype from central Siberia and the Chukchi Peninsula.
In linear measurements and mean body mass, several subspecies may vie for the title of smallest subtype, although thus far their reported body masses broadly overlaps with those of the smaller-bodied populations of Eurasian brown and grizzly bears.
Leopold (1959) described the now-extinct Mexican grizzly bear that, according to Rausch (1963), as the smallest subtype of grizzly bear in North America, although the exact parameters of its body size are not known today.
Brown bears of the compact Gobi Desert population, which is not usually listed as a distinct subspecies in recent decades, weigh around between the sexes, so are similar in weight to bears from the Himalayas and even heavier than grizzlies from Jasper National Park.
However, the Gobi bear has been reported to measure as small as in head-and-body length, which, if accurate, would make them the smallest known brown bear in linear dimensions.
Once mature, the typical female Kodiak bear can range in body mass from and from sexual maturity onward males range from .
When averaged between their spring low and fall high weights from both localities, males from Kodiak island and coastal Alaska weighed from with a mean body mass of while the same figures in females were with a mean body mass of .
By the time they reach or exceed eight to nine years of age, male Kodiak bears tend to be much larger than newly mature six-year-old males, potentially tripling their average weight within three years' time, and can expect to average between .
The reported mean adult body masses for both sexes of the polar bear are very similar to the peninsular giant and Kodiak bears.
Due to their roughly corresponding body sizes, the two subtypes and the species can both legitimately be considered the largest living member of the bear family Ursidae and largest extant terrestrial carnivores.
Claims have been made of larger brown bears, but these appear to be poorly documented and unverified and some, even if recited by reputable authors, may be dubious hunters' claims.
In the Kamchatka brown bears from past decades, old males have been known to reach body mass of by fall, putting the subtypes well within Kodiak bear sizes and leading it to be considered the largest of the extant Russian subtypes.
In the 1960s and 1970s, most adult Kamchatka brown bears weighed merely between , however, mean weights of mature male bears have been reported as averaging in 2005.
Miss USA World 1964 was the 3rd edition of the Miss USA World pageant and it was held in Detroit, Michigan and was won by Jeanne Marie Quinn of New York.
Daniel Scharner (born 26 February 1997) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Football Second League club SKU Amstetten.
Léopold Maissin (9 June 1854 - May 1937) was an engineering graduate of the École Polytechnique and industrialist who also became a politician.
He served for many years as the mayor of Le Relecq-Kerhuon, a small coastal municipality in the extreme north-west of France.
His electoral fortunes were otherwise mixed, but he retained his mayoral position till 1914, at which point he was succeeded in the post by his son (also called Léopold Maissin).
The munitions firm hit the headlines in connection with the explosions and sinkings, in 1907 and 1911, of the Iéna and the Liberté, two battleships anchored at the vast Toulon naval base.
The apparently spontaneous sinkings of two major battleships within four years had caught the attention of many influential people both inside and beyond the political establishment: much of the intense and unresolved rancour that ensued between Louppe and Maissin was played out in full public view through the press and other political channels of the time.
He continued to serve as a for well over a dozen years even, in 1904, being elected vice-president of the Departmental council for Finistère.
On the national scene, Léopold Maissin was a candidate in the by-election triggered by the resignation of the local member of the , .
He was knocked out in the first round of voting however, by the conservative candidate who secured 7,479 votes to Maisson's 4,460.
He stood again in the general election of 20 August 1893, but was again beaten in the first round by Émile Villiers who this time won 6,479 votes against the 3,560 cast for Maissin.
This dependency on imports was reduced in 1903 with the opening of a French factory for the treatment of cotton waste at Traon-Élorn {Landerneau} along the Élorn estuary.
Nevertheless, much of the more technically advanced factory investment in France during this period came from abroad: the Traon-Élorn factory was funded by French capital, however.
Léopold Maissin, meanwhile, having previously opposed the development, became a backer of the Grande-Palud powder factory a rival enterprise also located in Landerneau, but financed by German investors.
The Finistère explosives manufacturers found themselves on the receiving end of unwelcome nationwide publicity following explosions at the Military port of Toulon of the battleships Iéna in 1907 and Liberté in 1911.
Léopold Maissin, who had taken over from Albert Louppe as plant director of the powder mill at Pont-de-Buis-lès-Quimerch, insisted that the catastrophic explosions at Toulon had resulted from failures in the manufacturing process at Pont-de-Buis.
A number of further complications were adduced concerning who had said what when to whom and the extent to which Maissin's attempts to alert government to the risks really had been stifled.
At least one report of the matter from 1911 also mentions an already long-standing animosity between Léopold Maissin and Albert Louppe.
Gaudin's investigations were summarized in a report dated 5 November 1911: his work had included a meticulous audit of the various letters that Maissin had submitted to a succession of ministers for war,and others in positions of national authority, over the previous four and a half years.
In 1911 The government responded to the increasingly public nature of the dispute by ordering the dismissal of both men a couple of days after receiving report.
The political ambitions of the two directors caught up in the matter, Albert Louppe and Léopold Maissin, were in that sense a direct cause of the explosions at Toulon harbour.
Millerand added that during a recent visit to (a rival plant in) Angoulême he had been made aware of recent (unspecified) improvements in the production processes that within a few months would enable the French manufacturers to match the standards of the best in the world.
The marriage is known to have been followed by the birth of at least one child: their son Léopold Albert Marie Alexandre Maissin was born on 14 October 1879.
He debuted internationally in his youth career in his U20 team in a match against Grenada and scored his goal for his youth team in a 0-3 victory the 2018 CONCACAF U-20 Championship in the United States.
He made his senior debut on 22 March 2019 in a 3-2 defeat against St. Lucia in the CONCACAF Nations League qualifying rounds, securing their spot to League B.
This is a list of transfers involving clubs that played in the 2020 League of Ireland Premier Division and 2020 League of Ireland First Division.
The pre-season transfer window opened on 1 December 2019 and will close on the 22 February 2020 for domestic transfers and on 2 March 2020 for foreign transfers.
Carl August Konrad Cannabich (christened on 11 October 1771 – 1 May 1806) was a German composer, violinist, concertmaster and music director.
Born in Mannheim, Cannabich was the son of the court music director Christian Cannabich, one of the most renowned composers of the Mannheim school.
His grandfather was the court musician Martin Friedrich Cannabich, his sister Rose was a pianist and his sister Augusta Elisabeth a singer.
From the age of four he played piano and violin and at the age of nine received violin lessons from Johann Friedrich Eck.
After his return he fell ill with nervous fever and died shortly afterwards in Munich at the early age of 34.
Casinos were brought to Tunica County, Mississippi in the early 1990s as a revenue stream to improve the conditions at the time.
The casinos in general brought in a host of jobs and revenue to the area, and had risen to become one of the larger gaming markets in the country at one time.
The Hollywood Casino began under the name Summit Casino, originally one of four planned for the Commerce Landing area of Tunica.
At the time, Hollywood Casino Corp. owned the Sands Atlantic City and had opened a riverboat casino in Aurora, Illinois, the Hollywood Casino Aurora, the year before.
Hollywood opened in Tunica on August 8, 1994, becoming the ninth casino in Tunica and joining Sam's Town, Southern Belle, and Harrah's at the Commerce Landing section of Tunica.
In 2017, the neighboring Resorts casino (formerly Southern Belle) as well as Bally's (now the 1st Jackpot Casino Tunica) were sold to Penn National Gaming.
Kirandul – Visakhapatnam Express is an express train belonging to the South Coast Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between and in India.
On 21 November 2017, the train was extended to Kirandul, which is important for the South Chhattisgarh and Coastal Andhra Pradesh.
José Mário Branco was born in Porto, the son of primary school teachers, and became politically involved in the early 1960s.
This political activity during the dictatorship in Portugal and his opposition to the colonial war led him to seek exile in France in 1963.
There he would eventually meet and collaborate with musicians such as Sérgio Godinho and Zeca Afonso, whose records he produced and recorded at the Château d'Hérouville studios.
After the 1974 revolution Branco returned to Portugal and was the founder of the music ensemble GAC – Grupo de Acção Cultural.
Jacobina Kemp, known as Jeka Kemp, (1876–1966) was a Scottish artist who was known for her woodcut and watercolour paintings of European landscapes and street scenes.
Kemp was born in the Bellahouston district of Glasgow and appears to have been largely self-taught as an artist but may have taken lessions in London before spending 1903 and 1904 in Paris where she attended the Academie Julian.
She showed some landscape paintings of France at a group show in Glasgow in 1907 and subsequently exhibited with the Glasgow Society of Lady Artists, the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and the Royal Scottish Academy.
From 1912 to 1914 Kemp had a number of solo exhibitions at Macindoe's Gallery in Glasgow and also exhibited with the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1912 and had a number of works purchased by the French government.
After the war Kemp remained in France and had solo exhibitions at the Marcel Bernheim Gallery in Paris and at Warneuke's in Glasgow and also at the Galerie de la Libraire de la Presse in Nantes in 1922.
Kemp gave up painting around 1927 and remained in France until 1939 when she returned to Britain to live with her sisters in Dorset and later Eastbourne.
Scarleth Merryl Flores Lozano (born 12 August 1996) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru women's national team.
Flores represented Peru at the 2012 South American U-17 Women's Championship, the 2013 Bolivarian Games and two South American U-20 Women's Championship editions (2014 and 2015).
James Wellwood ‘Whitey’ Basson (born 1946) is a South African businessman and billionaire (in South African rand terms) who was largely responsible for growing a small business called Shoprite from an 8-store chain valued at R1 million into an international retail conglomerate with revenue in 2019 of R150 billion, market capitalisation of R114 billion, more than 2 300 stores and 140 000 employees across 15 African countries.
This moved him in the list of richest South Africans from 9th to 29th with a net worth of R1,7 billion.
Basson was born on 8 January 1946 on the family farm Dasbosch in the Porterville, Western Cape district to Jack and Maude Basson.
He went to school in Porterville and completed his secondary schooling at Rondebosch Boys' High School in Cape Town, where he matriculated in 1963.
He attained his BCom CTA from Stellenbosch University and completed his CA(SA) in 1970 after his articles at ER Syfret & Co (now Ernst & Young).
He then went to work at Brink, Roos & Du Toit (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) and from mid-1970 and in 1971 he practised as a chartered accountant.
By 1981, Pep had grown to 500 stores, 10 factories, 12 000 employees and a turnover of close to R300 million.
Stupple was in regular contact with Basson regarding the sales figures of the Pep stores and Basson realised that his sales figures were being leaked to Stupple.
In 1979 Basson wanted to move to trading fast-moving consumer goods and he reached an agreement with the board of Pep Stores which allowed him to either actively identify opportunities for acquisition of a food retailer or to start a new venture in food retailing.
He found a small eight-store grocery chain in the Western Cape called Shoprite, still owned by the founding Rogut family, which he then acquired.
Basson restructured Shoprite to optimise its growth by focusing on the largest economically active segment of South Africa's population, the middle-to-lower LSM market.
In 1986, Shoprite was listed on the JSE although its net asset value was the R1 million paid for the original eight stores and any accumulated profits.
In 2019 Shoprite had revenue of R150 billion, market capitalisation of R114 billion, more than 2 300 stores and 140 000 employees across 15 African countries.
Deloitte's Global Powers of Retailing 2019 survey (covering the 2017 financial year) ranked The Shoprite Group as the 86th largest retailer in the world.
In 1984, Basson's first acquisition was the six Ackermans food stores, which at that point were owned by the Edgars Group.
In 1990 Basson approached Carlos Dos Santos and bought Grand Bazaars at what was considered an even better price than the original deal.
By 1998 Shoprite had branches in the remote North Western Cape and Mpumalanga provinces but was still considered too small to be competition to South Africa's major supermarket chains, Pick n Pay Stores, OK Bazaars and Checkers.
It had 169 stores and was making losses that equalled Shoprite's turnover and more than 16 000 jobs were at stake.
And I looked at the people round the table and I said 'You know guys we're losing 45 million rands a year.
The addition of Checkers brought the Shoprite Checkers Group to 241 stores with enough clout to compete for better rates in the modern shopping centres that were being developed in South Africa at that time.
There was some criticism by financial analysts of the continued trading under two brand names but Basson saw it as target market segmentation.
The OK brand was created in Eloff Street, Johannesburg in 1927 but by 1997 the fortunes of OK Bazaars had waned to such an extent that the sole shareholder, SA Breweries, disposed of its stake in OK Bazaars to Shoprite for R1, despite the market cap of OK Bazaars being much larger than that of Shoprite.
Basson returned OK Bazaars to profitability by focusing store brands in particular areas and markets: 'OK Bazaars' were turned into OK franchises; 'OK Furniture' and 'House and Home' were consolidated into 'OK Furniture'; 'Hyperama' stores became 'Checkers Hyper' and more than 150 food stores were modernised.
During 2001, Basson devised a strategy to reposition the Checker's brand as close as possible to its higher LSM major rival, Pick n Pay.
The Shoprite stores would then be focussed on the middle LSM's and a new chain called USave was created to focus on the lowest LSM's.
USave had a cost structure that would allow it to reduce its gross margin by 50% while still offering good return on investment.
This repositioning resulted in the Shoprite Checkers Group growing to almost 30% market share of the South African formal retail food market.
In 2019 the group had stores in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Eswatini, Uganda and Zambia.
Following his retirement, Basson served for nine months on the Shoprite Holdings board as non-executive vice-chairman to ensure an orderly leadership transition.
On 5 May 2017, Shoprite announced that Basson was selling 8,58 million Shoprite shares with a value of R1,8 billion rands which the company was obliged to purchase in terms of an employment agreement completed in 2003.
Basson lives with his family on Klein DasBosch wine estate on the banks of the Blaauwklippen river in the Western Cape.
In 2004 he participated in the Ice Bucket challenge and donated R100 000 worth of boerewors to schools for them to use in fund rasing events.
After graduating from Queens, Chernoff worked as a geologist for a number of oil and gas companies including California Standard, Pinnacle Petroleum, Ulster Petroluems.
He founded Paclata Resources in 1987 with his son Bruce, developing oil and gas operations in a number of different countries.
He has been a director at Encana Corporation and Canadian Hydro Developers and has been critical of the scientific consensus of anthropogenic climate change.
Chinua Achebe Literary Festival is an annual literary event held in honour of Nigerian writer and literary critic — Chinua Achebe , the author of Things Fall Apart , in commemoration and celebration of his works and immense contributions in the literary field.
The literary festival was initiated in 2016 (three years after Achebe's death) by award-winning Nigerian writer, journalist and Igbo language activist, Izunna Okafor, who is also the Anambra State's Coordinator of Society of Young Nigerian Writers, the literary body that organizes the event.
Since its inception, the event has been holding annually on Chinua Achebe's date of birth (16 November) at the Prof. Kenneth Dike Central E-Library, Awka the capital city of Anambra State Achebe's home state.
For the first three years of the literary event in 2016 2017 and 2018, the organizers consecutively called for submissions and consequently published three anthologies.
In addition to guitar, bass, and drums, their early records made use of keyboard instruments such as electric organ and toy piano.
Artists on the companion album included The National, Mice Parade, Tokyo Police Club, Tapes 'N Tapes, Jonsi, Mercury Rev, Oneida, We Were Promised Jetpacks, and Frightened Rabbit.
Peter Katis works as a producer, Tarquin Katis runs Tarquin Records, the band's own label, and Adam Pierce records under the pseudonym Mice Parade.
Sagebrush Politics is a 1930 American western silent film, with sound sequences, directed by Denver Dixon, starring Art Mix, Wally Merrill, and Lilian Bond.
Bactrocera carambolae, also known as the carambola fruit fly, is a fruit fly species in the family Tephritidae, and is native to Asia.
This species is known as a major exotic pest, labelled as high priority in the Tropical Fruit Industry Biosecurity Plan and a quarantine pest in Brazil.
This species is generally characterized by a predominantly black thorax, while featuring abdominal segments with brown lateral posterior markings and a medial longitudinal black band over all three tergum.
Following seven to ten days, the fruit matures and falls to the ground below, where the larvae pupates into the soil; emerging approximately one week later.
Sometimes there may be no symptoms of infestation on the outside of the fruit following feeding, however dark spots are seen especially on carambola, cherry and guava fruits.
Carambola fruit flies prefer to feed on tropical fruits, such as mangos, papayas, and oranges, using their proboscis to pierce the skin and suck liquids from the underlaying flesh.
This new compound is stored in the rectal gland of the male, ready to be released as a sex pheromone during courtship.
The economic losses through invasions by the carambola fruit fly, and those alike, raise a major concern for farmers and government agencies.
Along with carambola fruit fly invasion comes the risk of increased pesticide and how those chemicals have negative consequences for the environment.
Bait sprays are more environmentally acceptable variants of chemical control compared to cover sprays, and consist of an insecticide and a protein bait.
The film is written and starring César Rodríguez and Mauricio Argüelles, along with Bárbara de Regil, Alfonso Herrera, and Rocío Verdejo.
Republican nominee Russell A. Alger defeated incumbent Josiah W. Begole, who ran on a fusion ticket, representing both the Democratic and Greenback, with 47.67% of the vote.
Once when he was visiting at a shrine at Pimpri, He was blessed by five mendicants and saluted as Raja of Jawhar.
Nem Shah was recognised as a Raja of Jawhar and given the title of Shah by Sultan of Delhi Sultanate Muhammad bin Tughluq.
through the tribes, Unlike the Durbar festival and the Pategi Ragatta boating festival which is also among Nupe event and Northern Nigeria traditional event.
It is the first shopping mall library to feature a special teens’ mezzanine, a dedicated space for teens to hang out, both for reading and leisure.
Pasir Ris Community Library was officially opened on 6 October 2000 by Rear Admiral (NS) Teo Chee Hean, then Member of Parliament for Pasir Ris Group Representation Constituency, Minister for Education and Second Minister for Defence.
The library was closed for renovation on 1 March 2015, at the same time when White Sands Shopping Centre underwent major renovation.
It was reopened to the public on 28 November that year by Deputy Prime Minister & Coordinating Minister for National Security, Mr Teo Chee Hean.
The reopened library has an increased collection size of 125,000 books and 300 magazines titles as well as boasting a new space for teenagers known as the Teens’ Mezzanine, which features doodle walls for users to express themselves and is run by a team of teenage volunteers.
Covering an area of 1,986 m, it contains a children’s section, a parent-child reading zone, an adult collection featuring more books and a quick charge station on level 4 of the mall.
It was released on digital platforms on 15 September 2019 by Panik Platinum, a sub-label of Panik Records, as the second single from her upcoming twenty-first studio album.
Di'Shon Joel Bernard (born 14 October 2000) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Manchester United and its youth teams.
Bernard made his senior debut in the Europa League match against Astana on 28 November 2019, however he scored an own goal as United lost 2–1.
The team moved through the British national sports car championships before becoming a competitor in the World Sportscar Championship, eventually winning world titles in 1989 and 1992.
Chamberlain went on to develop sports cars for Jaguar and Lotus in the 1990s before becoming a customer of the Chrysler Viper GTS-R program in the FIA GT Championship; the team later led MG's return to Le Mans in 2001.
Chamberlain later merged with Gareth Evans to form Chamberlain-Synergy Motorsport to campaign TVRs in 2004 before moving to the European Le Mans Series where they won another championship in 2005.
Chamberlain-Synergy left active motorsports in 2008, although Hugh Chamberlain continues to work as a manager and consultant with other teams in sports car racing.
Developing engines for his own Mallock U2 sports cars led to the formation of Chamberlain Engineering to build and sell engines for road and race cars as well as fund his own entries in Clubmans; the company later moved into their permanent race shop in Buntingford in 1978.
After teaming with Will Hoy in 1982 the pair led the Clubmans series for three years before signing Creighton Brown, purchasing a Tiga sports car and Hart turbocharged engine to move into the Thundersports series, although the engine suffered reliability issues throughout the season.
Once sorting the Hart's issues for 1986 Chamberlain gathered the funding to move to an international series, entering the C2 category of the World Sports-Prototype Championship with the best result of seventh in class at Spa.
The team purchased a new chassis from the defending C2 world champions Spice Engineering for 1987 and Nick Adams became the team's lead driver after the departure of Hoy.
Owner-driver Jean-Louis Ricci also added his own Spice to Chamberlain's team in the latter half of 1987 and continued the partnership into 1988.
Although winless, the two Spices were consistent finishers and the team was runners-up in the C2 teams' championship behind Spice Engineering, while Ricci and co-driver Claude Ballot-Léna were sixth in the drivers' standings.
In 1989, Spice moved to the upper class of the championship and Chamberlain switched from their turbocharged Hart motor to the more dominant Ford Cosworth V8.
Their control of the category was enough that the team skipped the final race of the season, entering their Spice-Ford in the upper class of the championship instead, yet still winning the teams and drivers' championships in the C2 category.
The lower class became defunct in 1990, moving Chamberlain into a class now lead by manufacturer teams from Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, Toyota, Nissan, and Porsche, as well as returning to competing against the factory Spice team.
A variety of drivers rotated through the team's two cars, although Vélez later moved to the Spice team and the season ended with Chamberlain not scoring any championship points.
New regulations coming into effect for the series left Chamberlain to enter only select races in 1991 before a return to a full-season effort in 1992, once more in the newly-established FIA Cup category.
Ferdinand de Lesseps, the only driver in the FIA Cup category to compete in all six races that season, handily won the drivers' championship.
Although intended for Le Mans, Chamberlain returned to their British racing roots by competing in the newly-founded BRDC National Sports GT Challenge in 1994, winning their class title with Thorkild Thyrring, as well as entering some other international events on the BPR Global GT Series.
As Lotus took full control of the project in 1995, Chamberlain began various projects with British teams, developing a Jaguar XJ220 and running a Porsche 911 GT2.
The team eventually became involved in Chrysler's new GT program as the first customers of the Viper GTS-Rs, entering a two-car team in the FIA GT Championship.
Chamberlain Engineering returned to prototype racing in 2001 at the behest of MG for a two-year campaign of their new cars at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Although ultimately unsuccessful, the team later purchased a Dome-Judd chassis for use in the American Le Mans Series at the end of 2002.
The new Chamberlain-Synergy team campaigned the cars internationally in 2004 at select events including the American Le Mans Series, Le Mans Series, FIA GT Championship, and at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Gareth Evans then made the transition to prototypes with a new Lola-AER chassis and won the LMP2 championship for the Le Mans Series.
The morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(r)a?, which indicates a weakly barred spiral galaxy (SAB) with a ring-like structure (r) and possible tightly-wound arms (a?).
The Spitzer galactic survey lists a morphology code of (R)SB(r′l,bl,nr,nb)0/a, meaning a barred spiral having a closer outer ring and an inner pseudo-ring/lens, plus a nuclear ring and bar/bar-lens.
In addition to the main bar, there is what appears to be a counter-rotating nuclear bar in the inner , which is at an angle of 60° from the main bar.
There is evidence of star formation, but that has nearly ceased in the nuclear region due to the molecular gas being all but exhausted.
This is a Seyfert galaxy of type 1.9, indicating it has an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered by a supermassive black hole at the center.
Energy released by the AGN is visible in the form of ionized cones that extend outward from the nucleus to a distance of more than , and lie across the line of sight from the Earth.
The outflow from the core is encountering the galactic ring at a distance of and is significantly enhancing star formation in that region compared to other parts of the ring.
El club de los insomnes or El refugio de los insomnes is a 2018 Mexican drama film directed and writenn by José Eduardo Giordano, and Sergio Goyri Jr.
The plot revolves around a friendship between a man suffering from insomnia, an she aspiring photographer and a woman who is not sure about her pregnancy.
Together with Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, they form a large continuous expanse of natural forest stretching over an area of , called the Northern Forest Complex.
He joined the club in July 2017 and was a regular in the under-18s side in his first season, even making his reserve team debut in a match against Swansea City on 18 March 2018.
He signed his first professional contract with the club in October 2018, but less than two months later he suffered a long-term injury in a UEFA Youth League match at home to Young Boys, and made just two more appearances in 2018–19.
Laird graduated to the reserve team for the 2019–20 season, and scored in the team's opening match of their EFL Trophy campaign away to Rotherham United on 6 August 2019; however, he suffered another injury in a game against Reading on 16 August and was ruled out for two months.
After returning to action, he was included in the 20-man travelling party for the first team's UEFA Europa League match away to Partizan on 24 October, but was not named in the 18-man squad for the match.
After United qualified for the Europa League knockout phase, manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær took a squad mostly made up of youth team players to Kazakhstan for their away game against Astana on 28 November, and named Laird as one of three players to make their senior debuts in the match, along with Di'Shon Bernard and Dylan Levitt; the match finished as a 2–1 defeat.
Dylan James Christopher Levitt (born 17 November 2000) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a midfielder for Manchester United and its youth teams.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
After post-doctoral positions at University of Washington and University of Notre Dame, he joined the faculty at Loyola University Chicago in 1987.
2021 in film is an overview of events, including award ceremonies, festivals, and a list of country-specific lists of films released.
Jagirdar of Basudev Kona Bakhtar Say refused to pay tax to on behalf of peasants of Nawagarh due to excessive tax.
Malik Dadashov (; 7 June 1924 — 2 December 1996) was an Azerbaijani actor and People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR.
After returning from the war in 1945, Malik Dadashov went to Azerbaijan State Theatre of Young Spectators and was hired as an actor there.
The 23-year-old actor played a leading role in the Zaqatala theater, and the main female characters played by a young actress named Sofia Huseynova.
In the film about Anatoli Kawaleznik, who was poisoned in Pakistan for political reasons, Malik Dadashov creates the image of Niaz Khan, the country's counter-intelligence commissioner.
It was the first full-time Branch Library to be built by the National Library in its plan to decentralise home reading services.
It pioneered several firsts amongst Branch Libraries, including becoming the first fully air-conditioned Branch in 1978, computerising its loan services in 1987, and lending video cassettes in 1997.
Building construction began in November 1968 and with its completion, the building was handed over to the National Library on 26 December 1969.
It is currently the oldest library in Singapore after the original National Library at Stamford Road was torn down, the first of 26 under the National Library Board (NLB) to be preserved as announced on 25 July 2014 and was gazetted for conservation under the Urban Redevelopment Authority's Master Plan 2014, as part of the medium-term term physical development of Singapore on 6 June that year.
Located along Margaret Drive within walking distance of Queenstown MRT station, it serves the residents of Alexandra, Bukit Timah, Buona Vista, Clementi, Commonwealth, Dover, Ghim Moh, Holland, Pasir Panjang, Queenstown, Tanglin Halt and Ulu Pandan.
Queenstown Public Library was officially opened as Queenstown Branch Library on 30 April 1970 by then Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew.
On 7 October 1987, Queenstown Branch Library became the first public library in the National Library Boards network to have its library services put online.
The Queenstown Branch Library was renamed as Queenstown Community Library when the National Library became a Statutory Board on 1 September 1995.
The library was closed on 4 February 2003 for upgrading work and was officially reopened on 31 October that year by Associate Professor Koo Tsai Kee, Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of National Development, and Member of Parliament for Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency.
Covering an area of 3,349 m, the library spans two levels and serves the residents of Alexandra, Bukit Timah, Buona Vista, Clementi, Commonwealth, Dover, Ghim Moh, Holland, Pasir Panjang, Queenstown, Tanglin Halt and Ulu Pandan.
After suffering from two civil wars where much historical and cultural knowledge were lost, Liberia struggled to develop a vibrant film culture.
During this time, members of the Liberian film community stopped movie screenings and went door-to-door to help raise awareness for the virus.
Inspired by the models of Kriterion Amsterdam and Kriterion Sarajevo, Kriterion Monrovia was started by Pandora Hodge while she was a student at University of Liberia in 2011.
Together with other students, she went to different communities in Liberia using a projector to screen about 40 different movies for the general public.
The group was awarded their first seed money from BSC-Spark with later support from Monrovia Breweries, the Accountability Lab, and the Liberian Ministry of Health, among others.
At the conclusion of the event's two-weeks of activities, which included several film screenings, the Charge D'affaires of the European Union, Emma Sundblad, announced the construction of Liberia's first arthouse cinema to be run by the student group.
Gariahater Ganglords is a story of comedy of errors that revolving around a young wannabe gang lord called Johny and his blind-and-partly-deaf partner Bunty.
The 1920 Talladega football team was an American football team that represented the Talladega College during the 1920 college football season.
As a historically black college, Talladega was unable to play games against white colleges and competed with other historically black colleges.
Originally founded by the local division of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, it is operated by the Society of the Divine Word's Philippine Southern Province division since 1979.
The huge ancestral house of Periya Sundaram (Delhi Kumar) and his five grandsons, the Sundaram brothers, is strictly barred for women.
On the other hand, a warm-hearted and spirited city boxer, Kayal (Papri Ghosh) has her heart set on marrying Kutti Sundaram (Naresh Eswar),and milkmaid Mallika on marrying anbu Sundaram while a vindictive Zamindar's daughter, Vedanayaki (Rani) is fanatically against the Sundaram brothers getting married.
In 1995, she received a Bachelor of Arts, Joint Honors in Anthropology and Political Science, with a concentration in International Development from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec.
In 1998, Sussman received a Master of Arts in International Relations and International Economics from Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington D.C., with a double major in Canadian and Latin American studies.
From 1996 to 1999, Sussman worked in human rights advocacy with organizations which included Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees.
From 1999 to 2004, she was senior advisor on human rights issues to federal Cabinet Ministers in the Canadian government, including Canada’s Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Elinor Caplan and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bill Graham (Canadian Politician).
Also in 2010, Sussman was part of a team that implemented the Muskoka Initiative, led by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which globally leveraged $7.5 billion to address the top five causes of maternal and child mortality in the developing world.
In 2011, Sussman took part in the successful effort to create an International Day of the Girl and played a role in Canada’s first national strategy to prevent and respond to gender-based violence.
At the 44th G7 Summit in 2018, Sussman was the strategist behind the $3.8B investment to girls’ education in humanitarian settings led by the Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau.
Sungur, later joined Sultanate of Rum which was under control of Kilij Arslan I. Emir Gazi was the father-in-law of Mesud I, son of Kilij Arslan I.
In 1130, he allied with Leo I, Prince of Armenia against the crusader Bohemond II of Antioch, who was killed in the subsequent battle; Bohemond's head was embalmed and sent to the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad.
Emir Gazi may have been able to conquer more territory in the Principality of Antioch if not for the intervention of Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus, who wished to exert his own influence in Antioch.
In 1131, he besieged the castle of Kaysun (today near the village of Çakırhüyük) in the County of Edessa, but retreated upon the arrival of Count Joscelin, whom Melikgazi believed had already died.
Emir Gazi died at Pazarören, Sivas in 1134, and the Danishmend state began to collapse under pressure from the Byzantines and the Sultanate of Rum.
Dancesport was held at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines and was contested at the Royce Hotel and Casino at the Clark Freeport Zone in Mabalacat, Pampanga on 1 December 2019.
He was the Av Beit Din of Slonim and Königsberg and is thought to have been descended from Shimshon Loew ben Bezalel, the Maharal of Prague's brother through his grandson, Samson ben Pesah Ostropoli.
We also know that around 17 or 18 years of age (1751-1753), he went to Hamburg to study German, Latin, and Greek, as well as the seven sciences.
In around 1766, Ichile Ginshpriker, son of Aryeh Leib Epstein arranged for his first cousin, Basha bat Ze'ev Wolf and Shimshon to be married.
In the 1770s, a young Solomon Maimon came from Nyasvizh to visit the library in search of books on science and medicine.
What Shimshon wanted to do, was to bring science and other subjects into Jewish people's everyday lives, so they could be thought more highly of.
In 1787, the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham was going to visit his brother, Samuel in Krichev, when he spent the night in Slonim.
As he writes in his journal, all of the inns were full, so he was forced to spend the night with a rabbi that kept a hardware store.
Historians have figured out that this was the same rabbi of Slonim as the one who wrote an approbation to Sefer Oklidus and helped Solomon Maimon's desire for books, Rabbi Shimshon ben Mordechai of Slonim.
In 1791, after the fire, he left town for a spot as an Av Beit Din in the town of Königsberg.
Some of his most famous descendants were the Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz (Author of the Chazon Ish), Rabbi Nissim Karelitz, and Rabbi Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky.
Patricia Berghult Svensson (born 2 May 1994), better known as Patricia Berghult, is a Swedish professional boxer who has held the IBO and WBC interim female super-welterweight titles since November 2019.
Berghult made her professional debut on 18 December 2015, scoring a four round unanimous decision victory over Sara Marjanovic at the Rosvalla Arena in Nyköping, Sweden.
After compiling a record of 13–0 (3 KO), Berghult challenged IBO super-welterweight champion Hannah Rankin on 27 November 2019 at the Hotel Intercontinental in St. Julian's, Malta, with the vacant WBC interim title also on the line.
In a fight that saw Rankin suffer a knockdown from a left hook in the first-round, Berghult won via unanimous decision over ten rounds, with the judges scoring the bout 96–93, 95–94 and 94–93.
The meaning of autograph as a document penned entirely by the author of its content, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by a copyist or scribe other than the author, overlaps with that of holograph.
According to Thompson's article on autographs, when the entire document is written by the hand of the person from whom it emanates, it can technically also be called a holograph.
He distinguishes two types of partial autographs: the first being written by a set of scribes, among whom the composer, the second being a copy made by a scribe other than the composer, to which the composer, in a later stage, applied editorial corrections and/or other modifications.
Autograph letters which are not in the handwriting of the person from whom they emanate, and perhaps only bear the signature of their author, such as in the Vatican usage of the term, are not further considered in this article about autograph manuscripts.
Intermediate stages are possible, for instance Wagner's method of composition entailed several sketch and draft stages, and a first stage of the complete score () before the fair copy.
Other composers used fewer steps: for his cantatas, Bach apparently often started directly with the composing score (with some sketches and drafts written in that score while composing), without, in the end, always transferring such score to a fair copy.
Sometimes, however, he started with the transcription of an earlier work, which developed in a revision score, before being transferred to a fair copy.
For example, the Fantasia in the late 1730s autograph of Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906, is a fair copy, but halfway through the (likely incomplete) Fugue the manuscript gradually shifts to a draft with several corrections.
For instance, John Tyrrell argued that Janáček's autograph score of his last opera was less authoritative as the final state of that opera than the fair copy by the composer's scribes, produced under his direction and with his corrections.
Bach's autograph compositions are rarely available for private collectors: the bulk of his hundreds of extant autographs resides at the Berlin State Library, while only a fourth of 40 complete autograph manuscripts outside that collection are privately owned.
Ludwig van Beethoven's autographs have, since a few months after the composer's death in 1727, been sold for considerable prices at auctions.
In November 2016 the autograph score of a Mahler symphony sold for £4,546,250: no autograph symphony had ever sold for a higher price.
Some countries (e.g., France) or local jurisdictions within certain countries (e.g., some U.S. states) give legal standing to specific types of holographic documents, generally waiving requirements that they be witnessed.
The advent of large-scale genomic sequencing has shown that hybridization is common, and that it may represent an important source of novel variation.
Although most interspecific hybrids are sterile or less fit than their parents, some may survive and reproduce, enabling the transfer of adaptive variants across the species boundary, and even result in the formation of novel evolutionary lineages.
There are two main variants of hybrid species genomes: allopolyploid, which have one full chromosome set from each parent species, and homoploid, which are a mosaic of the parent species genomes with no increase in chromosome number.
Allopolyploid species often have strong intrinsic reproductive barriers due to differences in chromosome number, and homoploid hybrids can become reproductively isolated from the parent species through assortment of genetic incompatibilities.
However, both types of hybrids can become further reproductively isolated, gaining extrinsic isolation barriers, by exploiting novel ecological niches, relative to their parents.
Thus hybrid genomes are highly dynamic and may undergo rapid evolutionary change, including genome stabilization in which selection against incompatible combinations results in fixation of compatible ancestry block combinations within the hybrid species.
Genetic exchange between species can impede the evolution of biodiversity because gene flow between diverging species counteracts their differentiation and hybridization between recently diverged species can lead to loss of genetic adaptations or species fusion.
Interspecific hybridization can enrich the genetic diversity of introgressed taxon, lead to introgression of beneficial genetic variation or even generate new hybrid species.
Many of the discussed topics also apply to hybridization between different subspecies or populations of the same species, but this article focuses on interspecific hybridization (referred to as hybridization in this review).
This could potentially lead to reinforcement, selection to strengthen premating isolation or if the species fail to evolve premating isolation, it could increase their extinction risk due to wasted reproductive effort.
If the fitness of early generation hybrids is non-zero and that of some later generation hybrids is as high or even higher than the fitness of one or both parent taxa, hybrids may displace the parent taxa and the hybridizing taxa may fuse (speciation reversal).
If the fitness of early generation hybrids is reduced but non-zero, hybrid zones may emerge in the contact zone of the taxa.
Such introgressive hybridization may enable neutral or selectively beneficial alleles to be transferred across species boundaries even in species pairs that remain distinct despite occasional gene flow.
Hybrid fitness may also differ with cross direction, between first generation and later generation hybrids, and among individuals within generations of the same cross-type.
When rare hybrids backcross with parent species alleles coding for traits that are beneficial for both parental species can be transferred across species boundaries, even if parent species remain distinct taxa.
This process is referred to as adaptive introgression (a somewhat misleading term because backcrossing itself may not be adaptive, but some of the introgressed variants may be beneficial).
Simulations suggest that adaptive introgression is possible unless hybrid fitness is substantially reduced, or the adaptive loci are tightly linked to deleterious ones.
If traits important for species recognition or reproductive isolation introgress into a population of another species, the introgressed population may become reproductively isolated against other populations of the same species.
Many empirical case studies start with exploratory detection of putative hybrid taxa or individuals with genomic clustering approaches, such as those used in the software STRUCTURE, ADMIXTURE or fineSTRUCTURE.
These methods infer a user-specified number of genetic groups from the data and assign each individual to one or a mix of these groups.
They can be applied to closely related taxa without having to preassign individuals to taxa and may thus be particularly useful in the study of closely related taxa or species complexes.
However, uneven sampling of the parental taxa or different amounts of drift in the included taxa may lead to erroneous conclusions about evidence for hybridization.
Introgressive hybridization leads to gene trees that are discordant from the species tree, whereby introgressed individuals are phylogenetically closer to the source of introgression than to their non-introgressed conspecifics.
Such discordant gene trees can also arise by chance through incomplete lineage sorting, particularly if the species compared are still young.
Therefore, discordant gene trees are only evidence of introgression if a gene tree produced by excess allele sharing between the hybridizing taxa is strongly overrepresented compared to alternative discordant gene trees.
An entire suite of methods have been developed to detect such excess allele sharing between hybridizing taxa, including Patterson’s D statistics or ABBA-BABA tests or f-statistics.
Modified versions of these tests can be used to infer introgressed genomic regions, the direction of gene flow or the amount of gene flow.
These methods reconstruct complex phylogenetic models with hybridization that best fit the genetic relationships among the sampled taxa and provide estimates for drift and introgression.
Methods based on linkage disequilibrium decay or methods inferring ancestry tracts can be used to date recent admixture or introgression events as over time ancestry tracts are continuously broken down by recombination.
Demographic modelling should only be applied to small sets of taxa because with increasing number of taxa model complexity increases and the number of model parameters such as timing, amounts and direction of gene flow, and population sizes and split times can quickly become too high.
The fit of the demographic models to the data can be assessed with the site frequency spectrum or with summary statistics in an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework.
It is also possible to gain more power by combining information from linkage disequilibrium decay patterns and the allele frequency spectrum.
Some researchers argue that evidence of a hybridization-derived basis for reproductive isolation should be an additional defining criterion for hybrid speciation, but see.
This stricter definition includes polyploid hybrid taxa but only encompasses a handful of well studied cases of homoploid hybrid speciation, e.g.
Hybrid species can occupy an ecological niche different to those of the parents and may be isolated from the parent species primarily through pre-mating barriers (hybrid speciation with external barriers).
Hybrid species may also be reproductively isolated from the parent species through sorting of incompatibilities leading to new combinations of parental alleles that are incompatible with both parent species but compatible within the hybrid taxon (recombinational hybrid speciation).
A recombinational hybrid taxon typically also has a substantial proportion of the genome derived from the donor of introgressed material, although variation exists both between taxa and within lineages of hybrid taxa.
In general, hybrid species can arise from two major types of hybrid speciation, defined by whether the speciation event is associated with genome duplication (polyploidy) or not.
Homoploid hybrid speciation Homoploid hybrid speciation is defined as the evolution of a new hybrid species with reproductive isolation to both parent taxa without change of ploidy, i.e.
The genomes of homoploid hybrid species are mosaics of the parent genomes as ancestry tracts from the parent species are broken up by recombination.
In the case of polyploid hybrid speciation, hybridisation is associated with genome duplication, resulting in an allopolyploid with increased ploidy compared to their parental taxa.
In contrast to allopolyploids, autopolyploids are characterised by genome duplication within the same species and are thus not discussed further in the context of this review.
Reproductive isolation against parent species is harder to achieve for homoploid hybrids where karyotype differences do not contribute to intrinsic isolation.
Reproductive isolation between a hybrid species and its parental species can arise from a variety of reproductive barriers either before or after fertilization (prezygotic or postzygotic, respectively), which may themselves be dependent or independent of environmental conditions (extrinsic or intrinsic barriers, respectively).
For example, intrinsic postzygotic barriers cause hybrid inviability or sterility regardless of the environment in which they occur, while extrinsic postzygotic barriers result in hybrids of low fitness due to maladaptation to specific environments.
Lowe & Abbott conclude that selfing, timing of flowering and characters involved in pollinator attraction likely contribute to this external isolation.
In African cichlid fish, experimental hybrids displayed combinations of parental traits and preferences which resulted in hybrids predominantly mating with other hybrids.
Intrinsic differences in habitat use or in phenology may result in some degree of reproductive isolation against parent species if mating is time and habitat-specific.
Simulation studies show that the likelihood of hybrid speciation through this mechanism depends on the divergence time between parent species, the population size of the hybrid species, the nature of selection acting on hybrids, and linkage among incompatibilities to each other and to adaptive variants.
Hybrid species have been shown to adapt to novel ecological niches through transgressive phenotypes, or through novel combinations of ecological traits from the parent species, and ecological selection against parent-hybrid cross phenotypes would result in extrinsic postzygotic isolation.
Hybrid speciation results in reproductive isolation against both parent species and genomes that evolve independently from those of the parent species.
Introgressive hybridization can transfer important novel variants into genomes of a species that remains distinct from the other taxa in spite of occasional gene flow.
Following initial hybridization, introgression tracts, the genetic blocks inherited from each parent species, are broken down with successive generations and recombination events.
In allopolyploids, recombination can destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behaviour and reduced fertility, but may also generate novel gene combinations and advantageous phenotypic traits as in homoploid hybrids.
Theoretical models on hybrid zones suggest that the breakdown of ancestry blocks through recombination is suppressed near genes conferring reproductive isolation due to lower fitness of recombinant hybrids.
The strength of the suppression is affected by the form of selection, dominance, and whether the locus was situated on an autosome or sex chromosome.
2000 generations after hybridization, and segregating incompatibilities are present in the hybrid Italian sparrow approximately 5000 generations after the initial hybridization event.
Selection against incompatibility loci may accelerate the process of fixation of parental alleles as hybrids that possess alleles that are less likely to cause incompatibility will have higher fitness and favourable alleles will spread in the population.
Fixation of recessive weakly deleterious alleles in the parent taxa may, however, also result in hybrids retaining both parental alleles: because hybrids with haplotypes from both parents are not homozygous for any weakly deleterious alleles, they have higher fitness than hybrids with only one parental haplotype.
The balance between alleles and allelic combinations providing favourable phenotypic characters and the strength of selection against incompatibilities determine what introgression tracts will be inherited from which parent species upon hybridization.
The local recombination rate is important for the likelihood of introgression because in the case of widespread incompatibilities, introgressed alleles are more likely to recombine away from incompatibilities in high recombination regions.
Evidence from altered expression patterns in synthetic hybrids and missing gene combinations in a hybrid species also suggest that DNA-repair and genes involved in mutagenesis and cancer related pathways may cause incompatibilities in hybrids.
Transposable elements may, in addition to altering gene products if inserted into a gene, also alter promoter activity for genes if inserted upstream of the coding regions, or may induce gene silencing as a result of gene disruption.
For allopolyploid genomes chromosomal rearrangements may result from the ”genomic shock” induced by hybridisation, with more distantly related species being more prone to genome reorganisations e.g.
Chromosomal rearrangements resulting from either genomic shock or recombination events between non-homologous subgenomes may cause genome sizes to either increase or decrease.
Following genome duplication in allopolyploids, the genome goes through diploidization, which is a process in which the genome is rearranged to act as a meiotic diploid.
After such diploidization, much of the genome is lost due to genome fractionation, the loss-of-function of one or the other of the newly duplicated genes.
In a meta analysis, Sankoff and collaborators found evidence consistent with reduction-resistant pairs and a concentration of functional genes on a single chromosome and suggest that the reduction process partly is constrained.
For example, in the octoploid Fragaria strawberry, one of the four subgenomes is dominant and has significantly greater gene content, more frequently has its genes expressed, and exchanges between homologous chromosomes are biased in favour of this subgenome, as compared with the other subgenomes.
A proposed mechanism of how subgenome dominance arises, suggests that relative dominance is related to the density of transposable elements in each subgenome.
Subgenomes with higher transposable element density tend to behave submissively relative to the other subgenomes when brought together in the allopolyploid genome.
In addition to these changes to genome structure and properties, studies of allopolyploid rice and whitefish suggest that patterns of gene expression may be disrupted in hybrid species.
For the persistence of hybrid genomes in hybrid species they need to be sufficiently reproductively isolated from their parent species to avoid species fusion.
Frequency of hybridization, viability of hybrids, and the ease at which reproductive isolation against the parent species arises or strength of selection to maintain introgressed regions are hence factors influencing the rate of formation of stable hybrid lineages.
Few general conclusions about the relative prevalence of hybridization can be drawn, as sampling is not evenly distributed, even if there is evidence for hybridization in an increasing number of taxa.
One pattern that emerges is that hybridization is more frequent in plants where it occurs in 25% of the species, whereas it only occurs in 10% of animal species.
The absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes results in slower accumulation of reproductive isolation, and may hence enable hybridization between phylogenetically more distant taxa.
Haldane's rule states that ”when F1 offspring of two different animal races one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is the heterozygous sex”.
A closely related observation is the large X effect stating that there is a disproportionate contribution of the X/Z-chromosome in fitness reduction of heterogametic hybrids.
These patterns likely arise as recessive alleles with deleterious effects in hybrids have a stronger impacts on the heterogametic than the homogametic sex, due to hemizygous expression.
In taxa with well-differentiated sex chromosomes, Haldane’s rule has shown to be close to universal, and heteromorphic sex chromosomes show reduced introgression on the X in XY.
In line with a role for heteromorphic sex chromosomes in constraining hybrid genome formation, elevated differentiation on sex chromosomes has been observed in both ZW and XY systems.
This pattern may reflect the lower effective population sizes and higher susceptibility to drift on the sex chromosomes, the elevated frequency of loci involved in reproductive isolation and/or the heightened conflict on sex chromosomes.
mitonuclear loci residing on the Z chromosome in hybrid Italian sparrows is consistent with compatible sex chromosomes being important for the formation of a viable hybrid genomes.
Generally, hybridization is more frequently observed in species with external fertilization including plants but also fishes, than in internally fertilized clades.
In plants, high rates of selfing in some species may prevent hybridization, and breeding system may also affect the frequency of heterospecific pollen transfer.
In fungi, hybrids can be generated by ameiotic fusion of cells or hyphae in addition to mechanisms available to plants and animals.
The ease by which such reproductive isolation arises is thus also important for the rate at which stable hybrid species arise.
The ability to self-pollinate may also act in favour of stabilising allopolyploid taxa by providing a compatible mate (itself) in the early stages of allopolyploid speciation when rare cytotypes are at a reproductive disadvantage due to inter-cytotype mating.
Selfing is also expected to increase the likelihood of establishment for homoploid hybrids according to a modelling study, and the higher probability of selfing may contribute to the higher frequency of hybrid species in plants.
Interestingly, Arctic floras harbour an unusually high proportion of allopolyploid plants, suggesting that these hybrid taxa could have an advantage in extreme environments, potentially through reducing the negative effects of inbreeding.
For introgressed taxa, the strength of selection on introgressed variants decides whether introgressed sections will spread in the population and stable introgressed genomes will be formed.
Chances of fixation of beneficial introgressed variants depend on the type and strength of selection on the introgressed variant and linkage with other introgressed variants that are selected against.
Genetic exchange can occur between populations or incipient species diverging in geographical proximity or between divergent taxa that come into secondary contact.
Hybridization between more diverged lineages is expected to have a greater potential to contribute beneficial alleles or generate novelty than hybridization between less diverged populations because more divergent alleles are combined, and are thus more likely to have a large fitness effect, to generate transgressive phenotypes.
Hybridization between more diverged lineages is also more likely to generate incompatible allele combinations, reducing initial hybrid fitness but potentially also contributing to hybrid speciation if they are sorted reciprocally as described above.
After the initial hybridization event the representation is 50% in many polyploid taxa, although parental gene copies are successively lost and might bias the contribution to one majority parent genome.
In both swordtail fish and Italian sparrows there are populations which differ strongly in what proportions of the parent genomes they have inherited.
In hybrid zones with mainly permeable species boundaries, patterns of introgressed regions enable deducing what genomic regions involved in incompatibilities and reproductive isolation.
The recorded ratings include premiere week, final week, finale episode, and the average overall count of live Hong Kong viewers (in millions).
George Blundell Longstaff (2 February 1849 – 7 May 1921) was a British civil activist who worked for the London Borough of Wandsworth, amateur entomologist and writer.
He was educated at Rugby and New College, Oxford and after obtaining a degree in 1871 in natural science he studied medicine at St. Thomas's Hospital, obtaining a Mead Medal, and graduated B.M.
An injury to his eye while studying at Oxford however put an end to his entomological studies but he took a keen interest on a trip through India and Sri Lanka in 1903-4 accompanied by his second wife, the geologist Mary Jane Longstaff.
She is the former state demographer of California, and chief of the Demographic Research Unit of the California Department of Finance, where she worked since 1975.
She served the Population Association of America as chair of its Committee on Population Statistics and in 1997, its Committee on Applied Demography, and also chaired the American Statistical Association Section on Government Statistics in 1997.
She won the Founder's Award of the American Statistical Association in 2005, and was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2007.
When British officers saw the area for the first time, they found it similar to the Annandale valley in Dumfriesshire or County of Dumfries in Scotland, and decided to name it after the Scottish location because most of the officers hailed from the original Annandale.
According to another story, Charles Pratt Kennedy, the political agent of the British government who was assigned to find a suitable place in India for selecting the Summer Capital, came to Shimla hills in 1822.
It is perhaps for this reason, that it has been spelt as both 'Annandale' and 'Annadale' in documents pertaining to Shimla.
Dussehra was the main event organised, attracting people from the city, but in 1972 a clash between army and police created enmity between the military and civil administration.
Annadale got in controversy during 2005 to 2012, when Himachal Pradesh Government wanted to make an International Cricket Stadium here, but Indian Army refused this by saying that it would damage the scenic charm and nature of the valley and because of all this the situation became a bit controversial.
In 2011 government made an idea to ask the people of Shimla about this desicion, in which the board was placed on The Ridge, on which the people who support this concept had to sign on the board.
Most people supported this by signing on the board, but still government had to accept the Army's demand by cancelling the plan, then the plan was shifted to Dharamshala where in 27 January 2013 first One Day International cricket match was played between India and England in Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium.
Living in Bondage: Breaking Free is a 2019 Nigerian drama thriller film produced by Charles Okpaleke and directed by Ramsey Nouah in his directorial debut.
Twenty-seven years after the events of the original movie, Nnamdi Nworie (Swanky JKA) – the secret offspring of Andy Okeke's (Kenneth Okonkwo) late second wife – is ambitious but unable to hold down a secure career as an advertising executive five years after graduation.
Despite the advice of his cousin Toby (Shawn Faqua), who urges him to believe in his abilities, a frustrated Nnamdi longs for a luxurious lifestyle, and his quest takes him down the same route of his father.
A chance meeting with billionaire Richard Williams (Ramsey Nouah) leads him to the notorious secret cult Brotherhood of The Six, and after initiation Nnamdi is catapulted into high society status, acquiring vast wealth and falling in love with the beautiful Kelly (Muna Abii).
Investigative journalist and blogger Uzoma (David Jone David) grows suspicious of notable billionaires associated with mysterious murders, and consults Andy who is now a pastor.
Having experienced the dark side of cultism himself, Andy uses Uzoma's influence to warn his secret son and save him from The Six – now an international organisation – before time runs out.
The official trailer of the film was unveiled on 17 October 2019, with a special premiere held on 2 November 2019 at the Filmhouse Cinemas, Lagos; it was rated as one of the most anticipated Nigerian films for 2019.
It recorded the highest opening weekend for a Nigerian film for 2019, grossing ₦25.8 million, and the highest collection in a single day for a Nollywood film in 2019.
In its first seven days of release, the film grossed ₦48.6 million, as reported by the Cinema Exhibitors Association of Nigeria.
In its 5th week, the film experienced a drop by 38% for its week on week gross, earning ₦12.5 million and dropping to No.
In 2017, she was awarded the Storylines Betty Gilderdale Award for outstanding service to children’s literature and she delivered the Storylines Spring Lecture on 27 November 2017.
Maureen Crisp taught for many years in primary schools in Wellington before deciding to concentrate on writing, blogging and other literary activities.
She has been published by the New Zealand School Journal, Penguin and Marmac Media and was one of the founding authors of the children’s writing online competition FABO Story.
As Chair of the Wellington Children’s Book Association, she was convenor of two national conferences for children’s writers and illustrators: Spinning Gold in 2009 and Tinderbox in 2015.
In 2018, she was selected as one of the judges for the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults.
She writes a weekly blog about developments in the writing and publishing world, contributes regularly to the Writer's Island podcast and is a creative writing workshop presenter.
He joined the army via the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1989 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps.
He has commanded the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2006–08), Overwatch Battle Group (West) (2007), Battle Group Tiger (2008) and the Combat Training Centre ( 2010–13), and deployed on operations to Kosovo, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan.
He served as Deputy Chief of Army from May to December 2018, and assumed command of the 1st Division on 6 December 2018.
His early career included postings as a platoon commander in the 2nd/4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and as an instructor in field training and tactics at Duntroon, before he was seconded to the British Army from 1998 for a two-year exchange with the Irish Guards, then stationed in Germany.
During the secondment he deployed as part of the NATO intervention in the Kosovo War in 1999, serving as second-in-command of an armoured infantry company in the King's Royal Hussars Battle Group.
Ellwood commanded B Company on operations in East Timor from October 1999 to April 2000, when 5/7RAR deployed with the International Force East Timor.
Ellwood completed the Australian Command and Staff College in 2002 and was appointed brigade major of the 1st Brigade in Darwin, Northern Territory.
He was next posted as Director of Reserves – Army at Australian Army Headquarters in Canberra, before assuming command of the newly de-linked 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5RAR) on 3 December 2006.
Based at Tallil Airbase near Nasiriyah, the light armoured battlegroup took part in security, stability and counter-insurgency operations as well reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts in southern Iraq.
Ellwood and 5RAR returned to Australia in December 2007, but the following October redeployed as Battle Group Tiger on Operation Astute, part of the International Stabilisation Force in East Timor.
Ellwood was posted to the United States in 2009, serving as the Australian Army's liaison officer to the United States Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia.
Following completion of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course at the Australian Defence College, Ellwood deployed to Afghanistan from September 2014 as Chief of Joint Operations within Headquarters International Security Assistance Force in Kabul.
He occupied the role for only seven months, before succeeding Major General Paul McLachlan in command of the 1st Division on 6 December 2018.
Ellwood holds a Bachelor of Arts in Strategic Studies and International Relations and a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from Deakin University, a Master of Management in Defence Studies from the University of Canberra, and a Graduate Diploma in Education (Secondary) from Monash University.
Jan Theodoor Kruseman (7 November 1835, Amsterdam - 19 February 1895, Uccle) was a Dutch painter who specialized in landscapes and maritime scenes.
After initially pursuing a career in overseas shipping, he became interested in painting and drawing and, in 1851, took lessons from Everhardus Koster.
Accompanied by Meijer and Mauritz de Haas, he embarked on a painting trip to Normandy, Brittany and the island of Jersey.
The men's underwater hockey tournament for 6x6 sides at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Vermosa Sports Hub in Imus, Cavite, Philippines.
Michael Lamb (born 1962) is an American politician who currently serves as Controller of the City of Pittsburgh since 2008 and is currently running for auditor general.
Lamb first attended Pennsylvania State University where during the 1984 presidential election he coordinated John Glenn's presidential campaign at the college level and eventually graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1984.
In 2007 he defeated city council president Doug Shields, former state senator Michael Dawida, and incumbent city controller Anthony Pokora in the Democratic primary for Pittsburgh City Controller.
On January 16, 2013 he announced that he would challenge incumbent Mayor Luke Ravenstahl in the Democratic primary, becoming his second challenger, but after Ravenstahl dropped out he also dropped out and endorsed Auditor General Jack Wagner, who came in second place.
On November 19, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for auditor general and later received endorsements from Representative Mike Doyle, Representative Conor Lamb, state Senate Minority leader Jay Costa, and state House Minority Leader Frank Dermody.
Long Long Man, also known as is a 2017 series of television commercials produced in Japan by Hakuhodo for UHA Mikakuto Co. Ltd., the manufacturer of Sakeru Gummy and Long Sakeru Gummy.
The 11-part commercials follow a couple that loves Sakeru Gummy and their conflict with a mysterious man who eats a longer version of the candy.
During their argument, Chi-chan passes out and reveals to Tooru-san that she has a short life, and looking at long things relieves her of her worries.
When Chi-chan's friend explains that regular Sakeru Gummy is simply Long Sakeru Gummy trimmed in smaller bites, Chi-chan reconciles with Tooru-san, despite her persistent obsession with Long Long Man.
On the day of their wedding, they once again encounter Long Long Man, who reveals that he was in love with Tooru-san all along.
The commercial series won the Silver Lion at the 2018 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, the Bronze Award at the 2019 AdFest, the ACC Grand Prix, Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications Award at ACC Tokyo Creativity Awards 2018, and the 2018 TCC Advertising Award Grand Prix.
The Kerala Ceramics Limited is a fully owned Government of Kerala ceramics products manufacturing company, situated at Kundara in Kollam city, India.
The company was actually started operations in 1937 during the reign of Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma as the King of Travancore.
In 1963, the Government of Kerala lead by Chief Minister R. Sankar incorporated the facility as 'The Kerala Ceramics Limited' under Companies Act with its registered Office at Kundara, Kollam by amalgamating these two units.
In 2017, the Kerala Government under the leadership of Pinarayi Vijayan started revival of Kerala Ceramics Limited and has registered operational profit in the financial year 2018-19, after a long journey of operational loss.
Uddhav Thackeray is the leader of Shiv Sena, who was sworn in the Chief Minister of Maharashtra on 28 November 2019.
Friedrich Hassel, real name Friedrich Laube, (23 April 1815 in Spangenberg or Kassel – 29 September 1884) was a German child actor, stage actor, operatic tenor and opera director.
Hassel's stepfather, who was engaged at the Staatstheater Kassel, approved of it when he became interested in the stage at an early age.
He received his education in the theater school of the court theater and made such progress that he could already accept an engagement in Heiligenstadt near Göttingen in 1830.
His next engagement led him to Rostock, then he came to Königsberg as an opera director, as well as representative of the humorous roles in acting and opera.
That same year he was an actor in Breslau and Bremen at the same time before he went to Prague in 1858.
The women's underwater hockey tournament for 6x6 sides at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Vermosa Sports Hub in Imus, Cavite, Philippines.
Yağıbasan and his other two brother Ayn el-Devle and Nasreddin Muhammed marched into Kayseri and Zünnun took refuge to Mesud I which was his father-in-law.
The men's underwater hockey tournament for 4x4 sides at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Vermosa Sports Hub in Imus, Cavite, Philippines.
The women's underwater hockey tournament for 4x4 sides at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Vermosa Sports Hub in Imus, Cavite, Philippines.
Vologases I sought to continue the policies of the prominent former Parthian king Artabanus II (), and thus, one of his first objectives was to strengthen the bolster the Parthian position in strategically and politically unstable regions which had served for decades as the source of war with the Romans.
He gave the kingship of Media Atropatene to Pacorus, while the even more politically important kingship of Armenia was given to Vologases I's brother Tiridates.
Little is known of Pacorus' rule in Media Atropatene, except that, in 72, a group of Alans invaded his kingdom and forced him to flee into the mountains.
The Alans also invaded Armenia, and nearly captured Tiridates in battle; he was lassoed from a distance and caught, but he quickly managed to whip out his sword and slash the rope in time.
Williams Peak is a prominent mountain summit located in the Chilliwack River valley of the Cascade Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
It is situated north of the Canada–United States border, northwest of Chilliwack Lake, and southeast of Foley Peak, which is its nearest higher peak.
Williams Peak is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Williams Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Russell Ball (24 March 1891 – 12 June 1942) was a studio glamour photographer who made stills for films and portraits of Hollywood film stars including Jean Harlow, Greta Garbo, Louise Brooks, Mary Pickford, Esther Ralston and Carol Dempster.
His father died while Russell was still a teenager; by 1910 Russell was working as a salesman for the Gas Light Manufacturing Company.
He moved to New York and on 1 February 1912 he married the film journalist Gladys Hall, with whom he had two children, while working as a newspaper photographer.
By 1917 he was working as a photographer, and by 1920 he had specialised into making portrait publicity stills for films, among others for the Shubert Organization.
After working independently for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925 (on the East Coast), he opened his own studio at 9528 Brighton Way, Beverly Hills to work for private patrons and celebrities at the end of the 1920s.
Her father Menahem Mendel was a trained rabbi, worked as a commission agent and was seventeen years old at her time of birth.
She had to discontinue studies when she was married at the age of 16 to Shlomo Malchin who was ten years older to her.
In 1920, Rakovsky founded the Jewish Women’s Association (YFA) in Warsaw which came to be known as a national organization for Zionism and feminist by its belief.
Gounod had composed two symphonies for full orchestra in the 1850s but had since then generally concentrated on opera, songs, and religious music.
At the request of a Parisian wind ensemble, the Société de musique pour instruments à vent, led by the flautist Paul Taffanel, he wrote a nonet for flute and pairs of oboes, clarinets, horns and bassoons.
Maldives is currently competing in the 2019 South Asian Games in Kathmandu and Pokhara, Nepal from 1 to 10 December 2019.
The 2020 Serbia men's OQT basketball team will represent Serbia at the 2020 FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Belgrade, Serbia.
On 15 November 2019, the Basketball Federation of Serbia has awarded the hosting right of one of the four FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments.
At the end of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup where Serbia won 5th place, head coach Aleksandar Đorđević announced his decision to leave the position after six years.
On 15 January 2020, the Federation added the Denver Nuggets head coach Michael Malone to the coaching staff for the Olympic Qualifying Tournament.
If Serbia finishes as one of the top two teams in its group, they will advance to the final round of the Belgrade Tournament and will play against one of the top two finishers of Group B, which is composed of Puerto Rico, Italy, and Senegal.
Yasmine Chouikh was born in 1982 in Algiers, the daughter of the film director and screenwriter Yamina Bachir and the actor-director Mohamed Chouikh.
The 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, will begin on February 14, 2020.
The season will progress through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and conclude with the 2020 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament and 2020 College World Series.
The College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held annually in Omaha, Nebraska at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, will end in June 2020.
This table lists programs that changed head coaches at any point from the first day of the 2020 season until the day before the first day of the 2021 season.
Meitei architecture or Manipuri architecture is the architecture produced by the Meitei speaking people, whose culture flourished in the Kangleipak kingdom and its neighbouring kingdoms from the middle of the fifteenth century BC.
Other architectural forms that are still in existence are the grand gates (Hojang), Traditional houses (Yumjao), Public houses (Sanglen), Official buildings (Loishang), etc.
Due to the arrival of Hinduism in the kingdom of Kangleipak (present day Manipur), the form of architecture was greatly influenced during the 16-17th century AD.
Hundreds of Vaishnava temples were built in the kingdom with a mixed architectural design of both the traditional Meitei architecture and Mainland Indian architecture.
The temples and other buildings built in Meitei architecture is easily distinguished by the Holy Chirong (horns), attached on the top of the roof.
The 2020 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament will begin on Friday, May 29, 2020, as part of the 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season.
The 64-team, double-elimination tournament will conclude with the 2020 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, starting on June 12 and ending on June 24.
Thirty-one teams will be awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences, and 33 teams will be selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee.
Regional champions will then face each other in Super Regionals, a best-of-three-game series, to determine the eight participants in the College World Series.
The 2020 Southeastern Conference Baseball Tournament will be held from May 19 through May 24 at Hoover Metropolitan Stadium in Hoover, Alabama.
This is the twenty-first consecutive year and twenty-third overall that the event has been held at Hoover Metropolitan Stadium, known from 2007 through 2012 as Regions Park.
The regular season division winners will claim the top two seeds and the next ten teams by conference winning percentage, regardless of division, will claim the remaining berths in the tournament.
The bottom eight teams will play a single-elimination opening round, followed by a double-elimination format until the semifinals, when the format will revert to single elimination through the championship game.
Toni Walker (born February 17, 1952) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 93rd district since 2001.
The film features newcomer Rithik and Varshini in lead roles, with K. Bhagyaraj, Manivannan, Manobala, Pandu, Anu Mohan, Nalini and Vaman Malini playing supporting roles.
In a village near Tiruvannamalai, the gifted student Sakthi (Rithik) is from a poor family and his widow mother Lakshmi (Vaman Malini) runs a roadside food stall.
Sakthi secures the state rank in plus two exam and he wishes to continue his studies but his family conditions and poverty compel him to give up his dream.
Sakthi gets acquainted with a group of three bad students in the college and he starts taking drugs and drinking liquor.
One day, the bad students take advantage of Sakthi and they even steal his money, therefore, he cannot pay the college fees.
Failing in life and in love, Sakthi decides to hang himself in a remote forest but before, he conveys his decision through an audio cassette and sends it to his mother by parcel.
Raj first blackmails Nivetha to disclose about her love affair with Sakthi to her family and asks her money to buy his silence.
Later, Sakthi saves the three bad students who had stolen his money from being expelled from the college and they apologize for their mistakes.
V. Thashi who won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music in 2006 composed the music for this film.
CDR aims to be a catalyst for peace in South Asia and has over 15 years in experience in peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir.
Initiatives with regards to Kashmir include cross-LoC conferences, intra-Kashmir cross-LoC women’s Dialogues, youth programmes and peace education training workshops for teachers.
CDR also works in other parts of the country among violence-ridden Hindu- Muslim communities and other areas which have seen violence like Bhagalpur.
The area of the sanctuary was however, due to denotification (degazetment) of for Prison Department housing complex and for mining area of acres for Taung Zun quarry mine , the area is reduced to .
It was one of Caine's most contentious books, causing outrage on its release for its handling of adultery, illegitimacy and divorce.
Mary O'Neill is brought up in Ellan, loved and cared for by her invalid mother within a house dominated by hostile and cruel relations.
Mary is sent to a convent school in Rome at the age of seven and over the subsequent ten years her mother passes away and she grows in religious devotion until she decides to enter a convent.
Back in Ellan, Mary is troubled to meet the foppish Lord Raa, who is clear in his opinion that their marriage is an open arrangement for kudos and money.
Her feeling about the marriage is confirmed by letters from Martin Conrad which reveal that Lord Raa has a mistress in London.
Having attempted to rape Mary on their wedding night, Lord Raa then begins an affair with a former school colleague of Mary's, Alma Lier.
However, Alma and Lord Raa's entourage accompany Mary and her husband and their home is given over to the debauch of the drinking, gambling and immoral living.
Mary makes unsuccessful enquiries about getting a divorce and returns to find the house vacated of guests, as they have ominously gone off on a cruise when it was discovered that Martin was coming to visit.
Despite her best intentions and determined attempts at self-denial, she and Martin admit their love and, on the eve of his departure on another mission to the South Pole, she goes to him in his room.
After evading discovery with the help of a schoolhood friend, Mary hears of the (ultimately false) newspaper reports that Martin had died at sea.
After failing to find any better accommodation, it is in the poor area of Bayswater that she gives birth to a baby girl.
In order to earn money, Mary gives the child to be cared for by a woman in Ilford and gets a job as a seamstress in Whitechapel.
However, poverty drives up the demands of her working day and lessens her ability to act against the poor care that her child is receiving.
Upon learning that she has an illegitimate child, Mary's landlord and employer casts her out and she is faced with a desperate need to earn a large sum of money in order to pay for her sick child's care.
Without other options, she determines to become a prostitute, but is saved from acting on this when Conrad arrives back from the Antarctic and saves her from the street.
However, Mary is recalled to her Catholic vows and sees that she cannot marry again, but she is put off telling Martin this when she discovers that she is terminally ill and without long to live.
Mary doesn't wish to spoil her remaining time with Martin and so pretends not to be ill until the very last.
Understandably most virulent in their derision of the book were Catholics, who found the book to be offensive in many ways, not least in being an apparent attempt to condone adultery and illegitimacy.
For intensity of emotion, detailed analysis of psychological conditions, and passionate human experiences, the reader will find all that can be desired from the pen of Hall Caine.
This was a reflection of the popular success that Caine continued to receive in defiance of his critical reception at this time.
Most marked were the positive personal reactions he received from female readers of the novel, apparently leading to the fact that even 'years later he was still getting letters from women asking how he knew so exactly how they felt.'.
The novel was to remain in print until Caine's death in 1931, when it was in its 29th English edition and had been translated nine times.
The book was considered of such importance to Hall Caine's life work that the character of Mary O’Neill was one of the characters from his novels chosen to be carved onto his gravestone by Archibald Knox.
Released on 8 June 1919 in the US, the film starred Katherine MacDonald as Mary MacNeill, Milton Sills as Martin Conrad, Jack Holt as Lord Raa and Fritzi Brunette as Alma.
Spring Grove Dam is an A roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam with an earth embankment located on the Mooi River in the KwaZulu-Natal north west of the town of Nottingham Road in South Africa.
He was the member of parliament for the Akan Wawa constituency from 9 June 1965 to February 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
At the inception of the third republic, he was elected as the member of parliament for the Akan constituency on the ticket of the National Convention Party.
Jan Hovaert or Giovanni Hovart (c. 1615–1665) was a Flemish painter who after training in Antwerp spent his known active career in Italy.
He was initially a collaborator in the studio of the de Wael brothers in Genoa and later developed an independent practice.
While he appears to have enjoyed the patronage of the nobility of Genoa, the scope of his oeuvre is not very well understood.
He is believed to be the person registered under the name Hans de Houwer as a pupil of the otherwise obscure painter Jan Blanckaert in the records of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in the guild year 1633-33.
Genoa was at the time an attractive destination for artists since the competition between artists there was less intense than in the leading Italian cultural centres Rome, Florence and Venice.
Cornelis de Wael was a painter as well as a merchant who had moved to Genoa with his brother Lucas from their native Antwerp around 1619.
The workshop of the brothers de Wael in Genoa was the centre of the colony of Flemish artists who resided in or passed through the city.
The brothers provided a home, materials and tools, they assisted their compatriots with their local integration, passed on recommendations to clients and formulated competition rules.
This was also the case of Jan Hovaert who is described as a pupil as well as a collaborator of Cornelis de Wael..
It seems that later on Hovaert was able to establish himself as an independent painter of historical and religious subjects as well as portraits.
Assarino includes Hovaert, whom he refers to as 'Giovanni Havvorth', among the leading painters in Genoa of that time such as Salvatore Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Giovanni Andrea de Ferrari and Giovanni Battista Carlone.
Among the 111 works recorded to be in his workshop upon his death were many portraits of prominent personalities in Genoa.
Luca Assarino mentions that Hovaert's reputation relied on his portraits of female and male sitters and that he painted a portrait of Luca Giustiniani, the Doge of the Republic of Genoa between 1644 and 1646.
Two portraits representing Luca Giustiniani, (private collection) and the (Musée de Bastia) were formerly attributed to his master Cornelis de Wael but are now given to Hovaert.
Saint Jerome was dear to the Somaschi Fathers who owned the church since 5 October 1576 as their founder Gerolamo Emiliani was named after the saint.
Hovaert has depicted Saint Jerome as the austere wise model portrayed by Antonello da Messina rather than the disheveled and gaunt figure devoured by penitence preferred by 16th and 17th century painters.
The work shows the stylistic characteristics of the artist: the use of rapid touches and a free brush in the physiognomies and palette of the painting.
His eyes are vivid and very mobile and their liquidity and brightness is highlighted through carefully placed highlights and dots of color.
Hovaert may also have been active as the copyist who created many of the copies after van Dyck that are found in Genoa.
Josep Maria Beal i Benedico (died 23 November 2019) was an Andorran politician who served as General Syndic (Speaker) of the General Council since 12 January 1990 until 15 February 1991, when he resigned suffering from a disease that would end up confining him to a wheelchair.
He was considered one of the most important and key figures as one of the promotors of the constituent process that ended with the approval of the Constitution in 1993.
His death shocked Andorran politics and his funeral, held on 25 November, was attended by the Prime Minister Xavier Espot and the current General Syndic Roser Suñé Pascuet among other important representatives.
When his mother remarried, the family moved back to Vienna, where he began his theater career at the age of 17.
Shortly thereafter he took over the direction of the theatre in Ljubljana, which at that time was connected with that of Trieste.
In 1847 he was engaged by Count Skarbek after Lemberg in his newly built theatre as artistic director, but returned to Ljubljana, Trieste and Klagenfurt as early as 1848.
When he threw himself with it in 1860 because of financial discrepancies, he continued to run the theater alone until 1864.
Some well-known actors, like the later Viennese Burgschauspieler Konrad Adolf Hallenstein and the singers Franz Innozenz Nachbaur and Eduard Bachmann, he brought into his ensemble.
After a short interruption he led this theatre again from 1865 to 1866, until it was closed by the Austro-Prussian War.
A foundation of Thomé was the New Town, Prague theatre he built at his own expense, from 1868 he also directed the stage of Linz.
In 1870 Thomé suffered a stroke, terminated his contract in Linz and returned to Prague, where he died in 1872 at age 68 after a second stroke.
The election was triggered by the resignation of Liberal Party member Wal Fife to successfully contest contest the 1975 federal election for Farrer.
Godard moved around often as a child due to his father’s work in the oil business and they moved to Odessa, Texas when he was in the ninth grade.
Godard was inspired by his history teacher Mary Jane Gentry and his plan was to study history and become a professor.
He graduated from the University of Texas in Austin with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and a Master of Arts degree in Latin American Studies.
Previous assignments included Deputy Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States (OAS) at the same time he served as Deputy Chief of Mission of the U.S. Mission to the OAS; Deputy Chief of Mission and then Acting Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and the same positions in Managua, Nicaragua.
He was close to retiring from the Foreign Service in 2003 when he was assigned to be Diplomat-in-Residence to the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC).
In October 2015, when the United Nations General Assembly took a vote on ending the Cuban Embargo, the US was one of only two countries to vote against lifting the embargo.
The long Baky River, one of the rivers that forms the Uyandina tributary of the Indigirka, has its source in Lake Baky.
The main ridge stretches in a roughly southeast/northwest direction west of the eastern slopes of the Selennyakh Range for about .
The highest peak, located in the northern part, is high; there is another high peak at the southeastern end that is .
The Seven Stars Luxury Hospitality and Lifestyle Awards (abbreviated SSLHLA; also simply referred to as the Seven Star Awards) are a series of annual awards presented to international recipients in the hospitality industry.
Panelists have included Ece Vahapoğlu, Nichole de Carle, Massimiliano della Torre e Tasso (the son of Carlo Alessandro, 3rd Duke of Castel Duino), and other well-known public figures.
The Signum Virtutis, the Seal of Excellence is one of the most prestigious annual awards offered by SSLHLA, while the SSLHLA Pantheon of Hospitality is awarded to those who have received at least five Signum Virtutis awards.
Kensho Psarou won the Special Award of Lifestyle Boutique Hotel & Villas during the 7th International Ceremony of Seven Stars Awards on October 5, 2019.
Winners in 2018 came from Nigeria, Indonesia (including Bali), Fiji, Cyprus, Greece, Mauritius, Maldives, Turkey, Russia, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), South Africa, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and Austria.
Prince Massimiliano della Torre e Tasso, Baroness Nerina Keeley, Greek celebrity Nina Lotsari, Carmen Edelson, Thanos Liontos, Amani Vernescu, photographer Oliver Jiszda, Miriam Seferian, and Andrea Luri were among the luxury panel members of the Seven Stars Luxury Hospitality and Lifestyle Awards for 2018.
The award panelists in 2017 included Massimiliano della Torre e Tasso (the son of Carlo Alessandro, 3rd Duke of Castel Duino), Ece Vahapoğlu, HRH Nathalie Princess of Hohenzollern, and other well-known figures.
Deer Jet was selected by the Luxury Panel of the Seven Stars Luxury Hospitality and Lifestyle Awards to receive the 2017 Seven Star Private Jet Company Special Award.
The Maharajas' Express, owned and operated by the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC), received the 2016 Seven Stars Luxury Hospitality and Lifestyle Awards at Marbella, Spain in the Seven Star Experience Sector.
He settled in Sola to work as a schoolteacher, and in 2003 he was the assistant coach of Sola FK under Gunnar Aase, in 2006 he was the head coach, then a youth coach.
He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1953 and the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1957.
He then served on the Indianapolis School Board from 1964 to 1968 and the Indianapolis City-County Council from 1971 to 1975.
His brother was William Ruckelshaus, who served as United States Deputy Attorney General and two-time Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Following a career where he won the Norwegian league in 1987 and was capped 6 times for Norway, he retired after the 1990 season.
The Golden retriever egg challenge is a viral video phenomenon where people put a raw egg in a dog's mouth to see if it can hold it without cracking it.
It began after the veterinarian Carrie DuComb read that golden retrievers had soft mouths and were thus bred to be able to retrieve things killed by hunters.
Her 17 year old niece Haley Bowers posted a video of the dog doing this on Twitter, resulting in millions of views.
The president of the Australian Veterinary Association, Dr. Paula Parker, has warned people that putting an egg in a dog's mouth could be a choking hazard and that salmonella and other harmful bacteria could be on the outside of the egg as well as the inside.
The Iroquois Confederacy and the Blackfoot Confederacy are two prominent pre-colonial examples of collective organization prior to or during the process of colonization.
After the First World War, the League of Indians in Canada was founded by a Mohawk veteran, Fred Ogilvie Loft (1862-1934).
Rickard organized an annual celebration to assert border crossing rights, Indian rights generally, and respect for the value and dignity of Indigenous culture.
A split took place in the League of Indians in 1938, and in 1939 the Indian Association of Alberta was formed.
In 1945, the North American Indian Brotherhood was founded by Andy Paull as a national lobby group which urged extension of voting rights without loss of Indian rights, removal of liquor offences as a way of ending most of the criminal charges faced by Indian people, and advocating pensions and welfare for Indians on the same level as the Canadian population.
Its objective was to protect Indian treaties and treaty rights; to promote the welfare of the Indians of Saskatchewan, to foster progress in the economic development, education and social life of Indians; and to cooperate with civil and religious authorities in matters pertaining to Indian interests.
The first Chiefs meeting in 1969 was organized by Rose Charlie of the Indian Homemakers Association of BC, Philip Paul of the Southern Vancouver Island Tribal Federation and Don Moses of the North American Indian Brotherhood.
The National Indian Council was created in 1961 to represent Indigenous people of Canada, including treaty/status Indians, non-status Indians, the Métis people, though not the Inuit.
This organization, however, collapsed in 1967 as the three groups failed to act as one, so the non-status and Métis groups formed the Native Council of Canada and the treaty/status groups formed the National Indian Brotherhood (NIB), an umbrella group for provincial and territorial organizations like the Indian Association of Alberta.
The NIB was a national political body made up of the leadership of the various provincial and territorial organizations (PTOs) which lobbied for changes to federal and provincial policies.
In 1970, George Manuel, Noel Doucette, Andrew Delisle, Omer Peters, Jack Sark, Dave Courchene, Roy Sam, Harold Sappier, Dave Ahenakew, Harold Cardinal and Roy Daniels incorporated the National Indian Brotherhood.
A report of the federal Interdepartmental Committee on Indian and Eskimo Policy in July 1971 formed the basis for the Secretary of State Core Funding program for native organizations approved by Cabinet.
The government envisaged a neat package of three national aboriginal associations and one regional association per province or territory for each.
An adjustment was made in the case of Ontario where Indians had already organized four associations on tribal and treaty lines.
The new structure, which gave membership and voting rights to individual First Nations chiefs rather than provincial/territorial organizations, was adopted in July 1985, as part of the Charter of the Assembly of First Nations.
In British Columbia (BC), the Native Brotherhood had always represented both status and non-status Indians and the United Native Nations (established following the demise of the BC Association of Non-Status Indians) had aggressively asserted the same principle.
Similarly, some of the BC tribal councils, the Council of Yukon Indians (CYI) and the Dene Nation rejected in principle the distinction between status and non-status Indians.
This has led to a situation in which the then vice-president of the Native Council of Canada (for non-status people) was a status Indian, while the president of the CYI and the vice-president of the Dene Nation were non-status Indians at this time.
Although it is administered by Russia and had been previously by the Soviet Union, it has been claimed by Japan since 1945.
At the end of World War II, the Japanese military garrison surrendered to Soviet troops, the island was incorporated into the Soviet Union, and the Japanese population was repatriated to Japan.
As part of the US-South Korean joint military exercise Team Spirit, six U.S. navy Corsair II attack aircraft flew over the island.
Due the Kuril Islands' disputed status, an American apology would have tacitly approved of the Soviet Union's presence and hurt Japan's claim to the island.
Emerich Roth, born 28 August 1924 in Sevlus in Czechoslovakia (now Vynohradiv in Ukraine), is a Swedish-Czechoslovakian author, lecturer and social worker who has worked with spreading information about racism, violence and Nazi atrocities.
Roth's mother and two of his little sisters Magdalena, 12, and Judit, 10, were immediately brought to the gas chambers, while his father, his sisters Edit, 17, and Elisabeth, 15, and Emerich himself were taken to labor camps.
His father was murdered during one of the death marches at the end of the war, and his sister Edit died in another camp.
During these years he chose not to tell about his experiences, but was greatly influenced by a Nazi demonstration in Stockholm in 1992.
The Urn of Life (modeled 1898-1900, carved 1905-1906) is an allegorical sculpture by George Grey Barnard in the collection of the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
Anton Seidl, the 47-year-old Hungarian-born musical director of the New York Philharmonic and conductor of the Metropolitan Opera, died unexpectedly in 1898.
Urn for Siedl's Ashes: A memorial subscribed for by his friends on view at Steinways.<br>A memorial urn to contain the ashes of Anton Seidl has been placed, temporarily, in the Steinway <br>Building in East Fourteenth street, and Thursday [December 27, 1905] there was a private view<br>of the urn for subscribers.<br>Former associates and friends of Herr Seidl may see it by applying to Steinway & Sons until<br>January 6.
It holds the ashes of Anton and Auguste Seidl, and is housed in the Fresh Pond Crematory and Columbarium in Queens, New York City.
Sundang, on January 1962 to fight for the interest of Kadazan-Dusun-Murut (KDM) races; with the supports and encouragement of the Chinese in Sabah.
In May 1964, UPMO eventually reunited with its parent party UNKO which had earlier entered into a coalition with the United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) and the Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) to form a new consociationalism Government of Sabah with Stephens became the state's first Chief Minister, upon the successful formation of Malaysia in 1963.
Moghuls is an Indian web series by Nikhil Advani based on Empire of the Moghul by Alex Rutherford for Hotstar's label Hotstar Specials.
Bhavani Iyer was tapped to write the Screenplay with Kausar Munir penning the dialogues focusing on Babur for the first season.
Principal photography took place in Jaipur in September 2018 and moved to Karjat for two weeks as they wanted to be authentic to books.
The kingdom is coterminous with Toro sub-region, home to an estimated 1 million inhabitants in 2002, according to the national population and housing census conducted that year.
Kitagwenda District is bordered by Kabarole District to the northwest and north, Kamwenge District to the northeast, Ibanda District to the east and southeast, Rubirizi District to the southwest and Kasese District to the west.
Later that year Ludwig sparked a debate on legalising cannabis, and stated that she wanted to find a compromise on liberalising the prohibition for personal recreational use.
She won a gold medal at the 2012 Balkan Championships (relay), the bronze medal at the 2016 Balkan Championships and the silver medal at the 2019 Balkan Championships.
Khatemeh () is a documentary written and directed by two brothers, Mehdi and Hadi Zarei.It won the Best Director award for Full-length Documentary and the Best Editing award at the Iran International Documentary Film Festival, and the Best Feature Film at the Florence Film Awards.
The structure of Khatemeh’s family, who originally came from Afghanistan and have lived in the Shiraz, Iran for more than thirty years, is rigid.
Sometimes she curses her family and fights for her freedom, then she implores the women who runs the refuge on her knees to let her go home no matter what.
Remo Calapso was Italian national chess master (1924), Italian national correspondence chess master (1925–26; 1929–30), problematic and solver of chess problems.
Remo Calapso took part in numerous chess tournaments: Palermo (26 May-3 June 1924), Foligno (14-25 September 1924), Bologna (13-27 September 1925), Livorno (1-15 August 1926), Florence (4-17 October 1936; 1948), Chioggia-Sottomarina Lido (May 24-June 2, 1970), Imperia (September 19–27, 1970), Rovigo (October 3–11, 1970), Catanzaro (April 17–25, 1971).
Remo Calapso was in Messina for a good part of his life, not by chance he is often considered a native of Messina.
Among these he should mention a draw with the world champion Tigran Petrosian, obtained in the 6th round of the 1967 Venice chess tournament.
Two days later, in the 9th round, Calapso led the white pieces against Janosević, playing in a very precise manner, so much so that already at the twentieth move the great Yugoslav master found himself with Queen's side completely devoid of pieces, only to be forced to leave after a few moves.
Vincenzo Nestler, the strongest Sicilian player of the modern era, learned to play in Messina, right at the home of his friend Calapso.
Calapso used to get shaved by a barber at his home, and during the beard he didn't disdain to play various games blindly against some opponents.
On one of those occasions, when Calapso was playing four games blindly, Nestler was also present who was impressed and fascinated by this ability, and after that event he devoted himself to chess, becoming the strong chess player.
After playing on the first and second tier he went on to Bærum SK in 1997, before a five-season spell in Kjelsås from 1998 to 2002.
Under the article 45 of the Sri Lankan Constitution, the President on the advice of the Prime Minister can appoint a Member of Parliament as a Deputy Minister to assist a Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers to carryout their duties.
A Cabinet Minister by publishing in the Gazette can delegate to his/her deputy minister any power or duty coming under the subject or function assigned to the cabinet minister by law.
Deputy ministers may not be formally entitled to an official residence, they have an office and personal staff allocated from their ministry.
Each deputy minister is entitled to two vehicles, which includes an official vehicle and security vehicle provided and maintained by their ministry.
In the Sri Lankan order of precedence, deputy ministers are placed after the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, but before the Chief Government Whip (if the whip does not hold a ministerial position).
The Four Hills of Kowloon () are four hills that were historically the site of quarries in New Kowloon, Hong Kong.
At the end of the 18th century, Hakka settled into the Cha Kwo Ling area, and quarrying became their main occupation.
He was appointed secretary general (national secretary) of the Trade Union Congress (TUC) by the then Convention People's Party government in June 1964 replacing Magnus George.
In 1965 he together with other trade unionists including John Tettegah who was then the All-African Trade Union Federation secretary general became members of parliament representing the Convention People's Party.
Kwaw Ampah served as the member of parliament for the Juabeso-Bia constituency from 1965 until 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
Socket sTRX4, also known as Socket SP3r3, is a land grid array (LGA) CPU socket designed by AMD supporting its Zen 2-based Ryzen Threadripper desktop processors, launched on November 25, 2019 for the high-end desktop and workstation platforms.
While Socket SP3 doesn't require a chipset, instead utilising a system-on-a-chip design, Socket sTRX4 and its predecessor require a chipset to provide improved connectivity and functionality.
For Socket sTRX4, the TRX40 chipset was developed, which provides a total of 88 PCIe 4.0 lanes, an increase from the 66 PCIe 3.0 lanes on its predecessor platform.. AMD has promised long-term support for socket sTRX4.
In March 2014 about 300 jobs associated with Northern Ireland's Driver and Vehicle Agency were transferred from County Hall to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency in Swansea.
Soon thereafter, they performed at the Charity Concert for Palu, Sigi, and Donggala; its proceeds were donated to victims of the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia.
After sustaining a leg injury in midst of practice, in addition to ongoing trauma from a back injury endured prior to his debut, Kyoungyoon paused his activities to recuperate and the group continued promoting as four.
He was a former aid for Lee Hoi-chang in 2007 presidential election, as well as a MP candidate of the Party for Freedom and Advancement in 2008 election.
Following his graduation, Kim worked as a mathematics teacher in Daechi-dong, as well as writing some books and offering online lectures on YouTube.
Kim was an online aid for Lee Hoi-chang, a sole independent candidate supported by the minor Party for National Centre received 15.1% and came to 3rd in 2007 presidential election.
He subsequently joined Party for Freedom and Advancement (PFA) formed by Lee and ran as the party's candidate for Gwangjin District 1st constituency in 2008 election but lost to Kwon Taek-ki of the ruling Grand National Party (then Liberty Korea Party).
The party faced a huge defeat in the election, causing it to be merged into the ruling Saenuri Party (now Liberty Korea Party; LKP).
He automatically became a member of the Saenuri, but did not active in politics till returned as an aid for Kim Moon-soo, the LKP candidate for Seoul mayorship in 2018 local elections.
Following the LKP's serious defeat in the local elections, its President Hong Joon-pyo stood his position down, led them to hold a snap leadership election in February 2019.
On 2 May, he shaved his hair along with the other LKP MPs as a part of protest boycotting the electoral reform of the ruling Democratic Party of Korea.
She is best known for short stories exploring the effects of economic and social changes, particularly on women, young people, and migrant workers.
Her fiction has focused on the social effects of rapid political and economic changes, particularly as they affect women and young people.
The narrator of the story, the woman's younger brother, chastises her for engaging in sex work, but he is scolded by his aunt for ingratitude.
The story explores the experience of migrant workers and the practice of remittance, by which rural migrants to urban centres send their wages back to their home village, improving the financial situation of their family but sometimes creating tensions or resentment.
In translation, her short stories have appeared in anthologies of Southeast Asian and Cambodian fiction, and have been assigned as university set texts.
She has also worked in television broadcasting, and for the Women’s Media Centre of Cambodia, an NGO that works to improve the participation and representation of women in mainstream Khmer media.
Tanja Christina Brühl (born 10 May 1969 in Marburg, Germany) is a German political scientist and president of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
Brühl is concerned with the importance of preserving biological diversity and the corresponding policies, agreements and arrangements at the international level.
She then worked as a research assistant with Franz Nuscheler at the Chair of Comparative and International Politics at the Mercator University in Duisburg, now the University of Duisburg-Essen.
From 1997 she was also active at the Institute for Development and Peace also in Duisburg and was a Fulbright fellow at the American Studies Summer Institute of the New York University.
From 1999 she worked as a research assistant for Volker Rittberger at the chair of international politics at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen.
In 2001 she returned to Goethe University and became a research assistant at Lothar Brock's Institute for Comparative Politics and International Relations.
Dolomitne (; ) is a settlement in Bakhmut Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 54.3 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city.
This is a list of List of Administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu a union territory of India.
The union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu was created following the merger of the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu on 26 January 2020.
Fury Road (2019) was the second Fury Road supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on June 1, 2019 at the Waukesha County Expo Center in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
On the live broadcast of Fury Road, Teddy Hart successfully defended the World Middleweight Championship against Jimmy Havoc in the main event.
On the undercard, Alexander Hammerstone defeated Brian Pillman Jr. in the finals of a four-man tournament to become the inaugural National Openweight Champion and Gringo Loco defeated Myron Reed in a middleweight match.
On February 25, 2019, MLW.com announced that Major League Wrestling would be holding its first-ever event in Wisconsin on June 1.
However, on May 14, MLW announced that the 2019 edition of Fury Road would be a live television special to be aired on beIN Sports.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
It was announced that a four-man tournament would take place to determine the inaugural champion and the tournament final would take place at Fury Road.
On May 13, it was announced that Teddy Hart would defend the World Middleweight Championship against Jimmy Havoc at Fury Road.
On May 20, it was announced that Rey Horus would take on Myron Reed in a middleweight match at Fury Road.
Reed grabbed the ropes for leverage to pin Loco but the referee stopped the pinfall count due to illegal activity which led to Reed arguing with the referee.
After the match, Contra Unit attacked the World Heavyweight Champion Tom Lawlor in the parking lot and kidnapped him and then cut off his hair.
He was born in Rupea in Braşov County and received a degree in German Studies from the University of Bucharest in 1994.
1890) was a Datooga tribal leader and medicine man known for his skill in thaumaturgy and divination, which has led to his establishment as a folk figure within Iraqw and Datooga society in Tanzania.
In a decisive battle that took place between 1836-1851 located in the vicinity of Ngorongoro crater, the Datoga were defeated and expelled from the area by the Maasai.
Fearing continued attacks from the Masai, Saigilo migrated with the rest of the Bajuta northwards to Raho, in the Gummenti basin.
It is believed that Saigilo and his followers stayed there for some time before migrating southeast, finally settling in Maiba near Mbulu, around 1890 or later.
Relations between the Iraqw and the Datooga were amicable and marked by cooperation, due to the pastoral nature of both tribes.
The Iraqw would participate in the cattle-breeding ceremonies of the Datooga, and Saigilo, as chief medicine man of the Bajuta, was thought to have the ability to produce medications that would increase the fertility of the cattle, which were traded extensively among the Iraqw.
In addition, intermarriage between the Datoga and Iraqw was commonplace, as a result of similar cultural and economic orders and Iraqw exogamic traditions.
It is said that prior to the exodus from Ngorongoro crater to Nyamwezi land, Saigilo had warned the tribe thrice to flee until the encroachment of the Maasai, famine, and disease finally forced them to withdraw and begin their aforementioned exodus.
In a dream, Saigilo allegedly destroyed a barrier he had erected between the people of his tribe and the coast, hoping that assistance in repelling the Maasai would come from the east in the form of the ‘red men.’ The ‘red men’ were said to be among the first settlers of Tanganyika, appeared to be of European descent, and whose disappearance would bring about famine and destruction.
The disappearance of the ‘red men’ are said to be compelled by Murungu, a Bantu creator deity, whenever the universe becomes unbalanced.
The arrival of German colonial forces was heralded as the return of the ‘red men,’ due to their European features and their boots, which made it appear as if they lacked toes.
At the end of the 19th century, Saigilo predicted extensive ecological change in Iraqw land, claiming that bushland and trees of non-local origin would dominate the landscape and that one would no longer have to travel far for firewood.
Curiously, this is exactly the case today, with Iraqw land being populated with eucalyptus and black wattle, flora typically native to Australia.
Recent efforts to introduce sex education and safe sex practices to the Datooga have been meet with disapproval, partly due to one of Saigilo's prophecies.
Attempts to promote monogamy and the use of condoms are seen as violations of traditional Datooga sexual and marriage practices, with the violation of the latter believed to lead to sexual degeneracy.
At some point during his establishment near Mbulu, Saigilo's homestead was subject to a raid by the Maasai, and Saigilo was injured as a result.
This attack was believed to have been perpetrated by Be’a, a Manda medicine man who allegedly used magic to compel the raid.
Saigilo's son by his senior wife, Gidamowsa, succeeded Saigilo as leader of the Bajuta and migrated with the members of his tribe to Dongobesh, the ancestral home of the Gisamijanga.
In 1910, Gidamowsa, along with eleven medicine men, including elders of the Daremngajega clan and an elder of the Mbulu Iraqw , were accused of vandalizing weapons belonging to German colonial forces.
It is believed that the executions were the result of the German colonial authority's fears regarding the group's influence on the Datooga and neighboring tribes.
The executions led to waning Datooga influence in the region as a result of the reluctance of Datooga medicine men to continue to perform magical acts and religious ceremonies, which thereby led to an increase in Iraqw influence.
Later interactions between the Datoga and colonists were punctuated by similar instances of persecution, including execution, arbitrary imprisonment, and property confiscation and taxation.
Following a period of quiet, the Kurupt FM crew travel to Japan when they discover that one of their tracks has been used on a popular game show.
Born in Ambarawa, Central Java on December 10, 1958, Effendi graduated from the State Institute of Islamic Studies in 1983 and received a Doctorandus degree from the same Institute in 1985.
He obtained a master's degree in Southeast Asian studies from Ohio University, Athens, Ohio in 1988 and received his PhD in political science from Ohio State University in 1994.
Returning to Indonesia, in 1995, he began his academic career as a lecturer at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta where he served as a professor of political science until his death.
He had also served as a Senior Fellow at S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore, as well as a Fellow at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
He was a member of the American Political Science Association, the World Conference on Religion and Peace, Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals, and the Indonesian Political Science Association.
Fury Road (2018) was the first edition of Fury Road, which took place on October 4, 2018 at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York City, New York.
Thirteen matches were contested at the event including a highly anticipated main event match between PCO and LA Park, which Park won.
Other prominent matches on the undercard included a three-way elimination match for the World Middleweight Championship, Low Ki versus Daga for the World Heavyweight Championship and Jimmy Havoc versus Sami Callihan in a Spin the Wheel, Make the Deal match.
Luigi Corteggi, also known by the pseudonym of Cortez (Milan, 1933, June 21- Casorzo, 2018, July 26), was an italian illustrator.
He is best known for his graphic work for Editoriale Corno and for Sergio Bonelli Editore, for which he created the graphics of famous magazines such as Kriminal and Dylan Dog.
As a curator he also deals with the layout of the many publications of the publisher and also produces his own comic book series, Thomas, a series of humorous postcards, some graphic works for magazines, encyclopedias and scientific publications.
The relationship with Corno was interrupted in 1975 when he entered as artistic director at Sergio Bonelli Editore where he was asked to deal with both the technical and the more creative part concerning general graphics, lettering, covers and related titles and brands as well as the managing contacts with first-time designers.
As a graphic designer, he realizes the titles of all the Bonelli publications that began after his arrival, such as Ken Parker, Mister No, Martin Mystère, Dylan Dog, Nick Raider, Nathan Never and many others that stand out for their never before seen graphic elegance for an italian comic series.
The music video features British-Indian actress Alia Bhatt as Sehmat Khan, explaining why she choose to become a spy for India.
Chatchai Saengdao (; born 11 January 1997), simply known as Tong-Nueng () is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Thai League 1 club Muangthong United.
Josaphat Groleau (born September 11, 1893 in Saint-Tite, Quebec, Canada - Death January 11, 1993 in Sainte-Thècle) was a Quebec businessman (Canada), a mayor, county prefect and president of the School Board of the village of Sainte-Thècle.
Then, he served as mayor in three periods: from 1927 to 1931; from 1947 to 1955; then from 1960 to 1965.
He served as commissioner from 1935 to 1945 to the school board of the village, and president from 14 April 1947 to 13 June 1949.
Among his public duties, Josaphat Groleau was in 1944, with Jeffrey Veillette, director of the board of the Quebec Forestry Association Inc. (Saint-Maurice Regional Circle).
On March 5, 1960, a special holiday was held in tribute to Josaphat Groleau on March 5, 1960 with a buffet at the Hotel Laviolette; he was then governor of the Sainte-Thècle Youth Chamber of Commerce.
Following his death, the City Council of Sainte-Thècle paid tribute to him on the obituary page of Le Nouvelliste for his social and economic involvement throughout his life.
Farmer in Saint-Tite, Theodore Groleau (married to Amanda Carpentier) arrived in 1897 at Sainte-Thècle with his family to be closer to his forest yard business; he executed timber cutting contracts until 1913.
After an active life in business, Theodore retired in 1931; until then, business activities were done under the name Théodore Groleau et Fils.
On May 12, 1948, Groleau inc. was created by Josaphat, Arthur (timber contractor) and Paul Groleau (accountant) In 1948, Groleau inc began the operation of a hardwood floor (slatted floor line) factory which was completely destroyed by fire in March 1954, in front of Sainte-Thècle railway station.
A corporate advertisement of July 18, 1948 in Le Nouvelliste indicates that Groleau inc produces 12,000 feet of hardwood flooring daily.
In July 1955, the sawmill on Mission Lake was burned down and rebuilt next to the factory in the village of Sainte-Thècle.
From 1977, production was transferred outside the region while purchasing: building in Compton (Eastern Townships) used to manufacture mosaic parquet, a building in Louiseville (1983) to install a mosaic parquet production line and a factory varnished slab floor line and an industrial complex at Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil (1992) serving as a distribution center.
It is located next to the Mann River, between the Mann River Nature Reserve and Barool National Park, about 40 km east of Glenn Innes, and has a population of around 100.
Figaro and His Great Day (Italian: Figaro e la sua gran giornata) is a 1931 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Camerini and starring Gianfranco Giachetti, Leda Gloria and Ugo Ceseri.
Kelechi Nwogu is a Nigerian politician, a state legislator and member of the 7th, 8th and 9th Rivers State House of Assembly, representing Omuma State Constituency.
He had aspired for the 2019 Peoples Democratic Party's House of Representatives ticket for the Etche/Omuma Federal Constituency in 2019, but later withdrew for the eventual winner Chief Ephraim Nwuzi.
In the assembly, Kelechi at various times chaired the house committees on sports (2011) and local government and chieftaincy affairs (2015 and 2019).
Kelechi started his foray into politics when he was first appointed an aide by Monday Onyezonwu, former Caretaker committee chairman of Omuma local government area of rivers state.
Kelechi sponsored and co-sponsored many bills and moved motions as a member of the state house of assembly.These include a motion on the disengagement of rivers state indigenes from Abia State civil service, a bill seeking to regulate the Operations of Hotel Business in Rivers State.
Kelechi has won several awards, including an award of excellence and philanthropy in football development in Rivers State by the Rivers State Football Coaches Association.
Two institutions are known for the Fastenrath Award, whose purpose is the awarding of prizes, called Fundación Premio Fastenrath and Premi Fastenrath, instituted with the posthumous legacy of Johannes Fastenrath Hürxthal, to award writers, of Spanish nationality and in Spanish, the first; and in Catalan, the second.
(in 1908), he conferred on King Alfonso XIII the power to proceed in the best way he considered, always under a foundation that instituted a prize for Spanish writers, with the requirement that he be named Juan Fastenrath as tribute.
(in 1908), he gave the City Council of Barcelona the power to proceed in the best way he considered, instituting an award at the Floral Games in Barcelona, a literary institution closely linked with her and her late husband, with the requirement of to bear the name of Juan Fastenrath as a tribute.
Luise Goldmann addressed a letter to King Alfonso XIII to show the founding objective of the institution and the means it has for the economic support of the same.
In a similar way to the Fastenrath Prize Foundation, the Royal Spanish Academy has been administering, on the basis of legacies instituted by individuals or private funds, a series of foundations with similar prize objectives.
It was always awarded to a work, in the Spanish language and carried out by writers of Spanish nationality, of literary or scientific creation, with the requirement that it had been published previously.
Initially, the work submitted should have been published in the same year as the competition, but when it was split up and awarded in successive rounds in various forms, up to five, the number of years preceding publication also changed, so that all published works had the same opportunity to be submitted and awarded, regardless of the form of the award.
In the case of the plays, in the first specific calls for entries, they had to have been premiered beforehand, a requirement that was later changed.
The economic amount of the prize came from the income of the instituted legacy, and varied over time, from 2,000 pts.
It can be seen that the maintenance of the same economic endowment without any increase, twice over extremely long periods of up to thirty-five years, gave the prize during those years a value more symbolic and testimonial than real, and contributed only because it was considered the dean of the prizes for writers in the Spanish language.
Fastenrath's passion for the Hispanic world and its literature led him to move some of the literary traditions of Hispanic culture, and particularly Catalan culture, to Cologne, the German city where he lived.
Thus, in 1898, he established in Cologne some floral games (1898-1914), in imitation of the Barcelona Floral Games (1859- ), which he personally directed until his death and his widow continued, until her subsequent death in 1914.
Luise Goldmann, who always maintained her husband's interests and memory, had already been appointed Queen of the Barcelona Floral Games in 1889.
So, in order to carry out Luisa Goldmann's task, Barcelona City Council arranged for the creation of the Premi Fastenrath, with the income from municipal debt securities acquired with the founding capital provided, and assigned the administration and organisation of the prizes to the Consistori dels Jocs Florals de Barcelona, in accordance with regulations approved by the plenary session of the municipal corporation in November 1908.
The annual calls were always made by awarding a single prize, which rotated in triennial cycles between three modalities, novel, poetry and dramatic work.
In this period the prize money will be given away in various currencies depending on the edition, such as Mexican pesos or dollars.
She gets send to a famous high-class high school by her parents, she gets bullied by other students all the time.
One day, Jane and May was in a coffee shop, she dares May to get the phone number of a boy outside their coffee shop, she learns that he's called Jacky (Jacky Cheung), who comes to Hong Kong for holiday from Canada.
After Jacky went back to Canada, May decides to go to Canada to live with Jacky, only to find out Jacky really has a girlfriend, she realizes she is a fool and goes back to Hong Kong crying.
On the Chinese movie review website, Douban, it received an average rating of 7.4 out of 10 based on 1098 user reviews.
Metehan Akyel (born July 9, 1996) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Center for Teksüt Bandırma of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
Demoniak is a character of Italian comics born in the wake of the success of Diabolik and protagonist of three homonymous comic series published in Italy from 1965 to 1973.
Although there are many similarities with Diabolik with whom he shares in addition to the physicality and the presence of a companion also called Eva, the story has a very different layout, with settings bordering on magic and parapsychology.
While the Nationalist party was split into the Ministerialist Peacock and Economy Bowser factions, statistical records show the Nationalist vote combined.
The Hida ruins in the city of Myōkō are located in a flat area on a hillside ridge with an elevation of approximately 40 meters, on the southwestern edge of the Kubiki Plain, and are divided into three areas.
The foundations of 47 pit dwellings were discovered, with each dwelling having a diameter of between eight and ten meter for the larger, or 2 meters for the smaller on the north slopes of Mount Momoko, clustered into three groups.
They attracted scholarly attention as they appear to have been abandoned at the end of the Yayoi period or start of the Kofun period, were excavated by the University of Tokyo from 1955-1958.
This was a village ruin from the middle Yayoi period, with a large scale workshop for making jadeite balls, which were used as pestles for grinding.
Kamabuta ruins was also a large village from the end of the Yayoi period to the beginning of the Kofun period.
Many earthenware shards from distant areas, such as Omi to the west and the Kanto region to the east have been found.
Otherwise the M10-D is similar to the Leica M10, but instead of the rear screen, the back contains an exposure compensation dial in black.
Other than the exposure, ISO, aperture and shutter speed settings, all other settings must be made via the Leica Fotos app.
Sir Alfred Clarke Turnbull (1881–1962) was a New Zealand colonial administrator who served as Administrator of Western Samoa and Tokelau between 1935 and 1946.
He joined the civil service in 1899, initially working in the Lands & Survey Department, before becoming Chief Accountant in 1912 and an inspector in 1915.
He was the first Indian to secure an international roller skating medal for India in 2016 at the Asian Speed Skating Championship and to finish fifth in the 500+D event on the track in 2019.
He was conferred with the Karnataka Kreeda Ratna Award in 2018 by Karnataka Government Chief Minister Siddaramaiah for outstanding achievement in national sports.
He graduated from Carmel High School and has represented India more than 15 times in national and international speed skating competitions.
The International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept (ILREC) was a proposed mission architecture under President George H. W. Bush's Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) by Kent Joosten, an engineer at Johnson Space Center.
The plan would have used the help of international partners, mainly the Soviet Union, to assemble a lunar base and sustainable lunar transportation service.
On July 20, 1989, the 20th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, George H. W. Bush — then President of the United States — announced plans for what came to be known as the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI).
He asked Vice President Dan Quayle to lead the National Space Council in determining what was needed to carry out these missions in terms of money, manpower and technology.
According to Steve Dick, NASA Chief Historian, the National Academy of Sciences largely concurred with the NASA study, but White House and Congressional reaction to the NASA plan was hostile, primarily due to the cost estimate.
In the event, execution of the initiative was assigned to NASA, but the initiative did not survive long into the administration of the next president, Bill Clinton.
The plan would utilize multiple lunar surface rendezvous (LSR), where vehicles would meet on the surface for refueling, rather than Apollo's Lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR).
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory proposed a LSR for Apollo but it was quickly turned down to the amount of technology, such as In situ resource utilization, that would need to be developed.
The lander would have a rectangular structure which would include fuel tanks and engine blocks towards each end of the vehicle.
The landing legs would fold against the lander's underside inside of a streamlined shroud during ascent aboard a Shuttle-C or another Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle like the then under development National Launch System.
The crew capsule would separate from the powered stage and orientate itself for reentry similar to the Apollo capsule with its heat shield towards the atmosphere.
The Moon Bus would have been a large rover designed to accommodate 2 passengers for days or weeks at a time.
At least two of these rovers would be positioned at the temporary outpost and would act as crew quarters and mobile labs.
The 4-person crew would divide into teams of 2, each stationed to one rover, and would depart the outpost on separate missions.
The Energia used four strap-on boosters each powered by a four-chamber RD-170 engine burning kerosene/LOX, and a central core stage with 4 one-chamber RD-0120 (11D122) engines fueled by liquid hydrogen/LOX.
The rocket had the capacity to place about 100 tonnes in Low Earth orbit, up to 20 tonnes to geostationary orbit and up to 32 tonnes via translunar trajectory into lunar orbit.
The Space Shuttle external tank and Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) would be combined with a cargo module that take the place of the shuttle orbiter and include the Space Shuttle Main Engines.
The Shuttle-C concept would theoretically cut development costs for a heavy launch vehicle by re-using technology developed for the shuttle program.
With the Shuttle-C, it was thought that the lower maintenance and safety requirements for the uncrewed vehicle would allow a higher flight rate.
In the early 1990s, NASA engineers planning a crewed mission to Mars included a Shuttle-C design to launch six non reusable 80 ton segments to create two Mars ships in Earth orbit.
After President George W. Bush called for the end of the Space Shuttle by 2010, these proposed configurations were put aside.
Phase 1 would have been mostly robotic missions that would have set up the liquid oxygen plants for the crew's return trip.
Flights 1-3 would have delivered another Moon Bus rover and scientific equipment, a rover support module with airlocks and habitat space, and a pressurized crew module with logistics mounted on wheels.
In March 1962 the Papua New Guinea Select Committee on Political Development was set up to identify future amendments to political arrangements in the territory.
Following the visit of a United Nations mission that proposed a 100-member legislature, the committee toured the territory in September and October, taking evidence from over 450 residents.
The 37-member Legislative Council (which had only twelve elected members) was replaced with a 64-member House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea.
The new legislature had 10 official members (civil servants) and 54 elected members, of which 10 were elected from reserved constituencies in which only Europeans (who numbered around 25,000 of the total population of around two million) could be candidates; Europeans could also run in the non-reserved constituencies.
A total of 299 candidates contested the 54 seats, of which 238 were indigenous and 61 Europeans; 31 of the Europeans contested the 10 reserved seats and 30 ran in the general constituencies.
Three of the candidates for the general constituencies were former or present cargo cult leaders, Francis Hagai, Paliau Maloat and Yali.
Although Yali ran in the Rai Coast constituency, numerous voters in the neighbouring Madang constituency attempted to vote for him, submitting blank votes after being told he was not on their ballot.
35 of the 38 indigenous members were new to the legislature, with only Nicholas Brokam, John Guise and Simogen Pita having previously been members of the Legislative Council.
Following the elections, the requirement under electoral law for candidates to achieve an absolute majority of votes in their constituency to be elected became a controversial issue; as many voters did not use their preference votes, there were 32 constituencies where no candidate achieved a majority.
In April Mick Casey, a losing candidate in South Markham, notified the Electoral officer that he intended to file an appeal.
However, Casey did not file his appeal, and the electoral law was amended on 16 June to remove the requirement for an absolute majority.
One of the first decisions made was that only English, Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu would be used in the Assembly, after Handabe Tiabe (who spoke none of the three languages) attempted to bring his translator into the chamber.
Ants Leemets (23 June 1950 – 23 November 2019) was an Estonian politician and museum director who served as Minister without Portfolio and later as Deputy Mayor of Tallin.
During the period of 1992–1995, he was the County Governor of Lääne-Viru County, then as Minister without Portfolio (Regional Minister) for several months during the second government of Prime Minister Tiit Vähi in 1995.
Leemets served as Deputy Mayor of Tallinn in 1996, and again from November 1999 to March 1999, and from November 1999 to March 2001.
He was also the President of the Estonian Association of People with Mobility Disabilities from 2001 until 2013, and honorary member from 2017 until his death.
2019, he received the Order of Merit of Tallinn for his many years of service as a member of the Tallinn City Council and as Commissioner for his contribution to the development of Tallinn.
For the first time in Olympic history, one Bhutanese archer directly qualified for the women's individual recurve at the Games by reaching the semifinal stage and obtaining one of the three available spots at the 2019 Asian Championships in Bangkok, Thailand.
Scientists continue to debate the exact point at which dogs were first domesticated, but if Dogor is determined to be a dog, it would be the oldest ever discovered.
DNA sequencing is usually sufficient to distinguish between dogs and wolves; however, even after a large amount of analysis, it has not been possible to determine to which species Dogor belongs.
Its western terminus is at KY 44 in Mount Washington and its eastern terminus is at KY 3192 south of Wilsonville.
The book won the Best Debut Award at the Slovenian Book Fair and was longlisted for the Kresnik Award for best novel of the year.
Hailing from Sande i Sunnfjord, he transferred from Gaular to Førde IL in 1990, to Os TF in 1992 and HamKam in 1993.
After playing on the first and second tier he went on to Elverum in 1997, and returned to Førde after half a year.
In 2016, he is awarded as the winner of the first season of Top Chef Mexico, a reality television series that Sony Channel produces for Latin America.
The Road Called Straight is a 1919 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Lloyd Ingraham and starring Louis Bennison ,Ormi Hawley, Henry Mortimer, Berton Churchill, Jane Adler, and John Daly Murphy.
Based on the most commonly deployed topology of systems within a data center, East-West traffic indicates flow of data among devices within a specific data center.
The other direction of traffic flow is North-South, which typically indicates data flow that either enters/leaves the data center from/to a system physically residing outside the data center.
Today many virtual functions including virtual firewalls, load balancers and other software defined networking (SDN) perform various functions and services that previously ran on physical hardware.
As these components relay data to each other, they increase traffic on the network, which can increase latency and cause network congestion.
There is a top of the rack (ToR) switch (also called as leaf) that connects the systems within the rack as well as to other switches called Spine switches.
Applications communicate with other applications running on other systems for typical services, such as accessing an asset stored in another device, gathering results from a micro-service task(s) executed on other systems, or simply getting a status update from management software.
Caveasphaera is a multicellular organism found in 609-million-year-old rocks in the Guizhou Province of South China, that is not easily defined as an animal or non-animal.
The organism is notable due to the study of related embryonic fossils (measuring about a half-millimeter in diameter) which display different stages of its development: from early single-cell stages to later multicellular stages.
Such fossil studies present the earliest evidence of an essential step in animal evolution - the ability to develop distinct tissue layers and organs.
General Sir Richard Foster Carter Foster, (27 January 1879 – 3 April 1965) was a Royal Marines officer who served as Adjutant-General Royal Marines and later as colonel of the East Surrey Regiment.
Born on 27 January 1879, Foster grew up and was educated at Stubbington House School, a boys' preparatory school near Fareham in Hampshire, where his grandfather and father, and later his brother, served as headmaster.
In the next few years he held a number posts, including adjutant of the Royal Carmarthen Artillery (Militia) from 1905 to 1908.
He became a temporary Lieutenant Colonel in September 1915, serving as Assistant Adjutant and Quarter Master General, 63rd (Royal Naval) Division until August 1918 and then Assistant Quarter Master General, 10th Army Corps until February 1919.
For these services he received the Distinguished Service Order in 1918; was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in June 1919; an officer of the Belgian Order of Leopold with the Croix de Guerre in October 1919 and was four times mentioned in despatches.
Promoted Major General in 1932, Foster was appointed Adjutant-General Royal Marines in October 1933, at the time the highest appointment within the Royal Marines.
While still Adjutant-General, he was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1934 and retired from the Royal Marines in October 1936, receiving the rank of full General.
He was made a companion of the Order of the Bath in January 1930, and elevated to Knight Commander of the Order in 1935.
The 31st Foot, which became part of the East Surrey Regiment in 1881, had been first raised as a regiment of marines and Foster did much to develop the ties between the Royal Marines and the East Surreys.
One of Foster's brothers, Lieutenant Archibald Courtenay Hayes Foster, was killed in action in British East Africa on 20 September 1914.
In its 4th year under head coach Jeff Jackson the team compiled a 31–10–4 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the eighth time.
The Lakers defeated Boston University 9–1 to win the championship game at the Saint Paul Civic Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
While they lost leading scorer Brian Rolston to the pros, the Lakers returned their next five point-getters and fielded a team full of players who had made consecutive deep runs in the NCAA tournament.
The Lakers began the season with four wins against conference opponents but when they hosted the class of the CCHA, Michigan, in early November Lake State suffered its first loss of the year.
Worryingly, the next night against Bowling Green also ended in a loss for the Lakers, who had built their success under Jeff Jackson by being neatly unbeatable at home.
After a pair of road wins Lake Superior could only manage a home split against Notre Dame who was still recovering from nearly losing their program a decade earlier.
Lake Superior ended the first half of their conference schedule with a loss at Michigan State, dropping to 7–4 and looking like a shadow of the team that had been 20 minutes away from a National Championship eight months earlier.
Unlike most in-season tournaments each team would play one another and the tournament champion would be the team who finished with the most points.
Despite having played just two days prior and having to deal with the jetlag from the 3,500 mile journey, the Lakers swept through the competition, winning each game and winning the second iteration of the tournament.
lake Superior got two full weeks to recover from the trip before they hit the ice again and they continued their winning streak with another pair of road wins.
LSSU then battled Minnesota for the tournament title and required double overtime to decide the winner but when the dust settled it was Lake Superior who held the crown.
Lake State fought valiantly in the first game, narrowly missing with a 3–4 loss in overtime but after Michigan's win in the second game Lake Superior had dropped to 9–6 in the CCHA, 13 points behind the Wolverines.
After recovering with three points against Ohio State the Lakers against suffered a home split then played three overtime games in a week that ended with mediocre results.
The Lakers got the first week of February off and when they returned to game action that were already out of the running for the conference championship (with 8 games still to play).
One bright spot, however, was that Michigan had been so dominant against the CCHA that the three losses Lake State suffered were mirrored by their competition for the 2nd-seed.
The Lakers began their final stretch against Michigan State, who they had to beat if they wanted a top seed, and they blitzed the Spartans with a surprising 11–1 win.
LSSU earned three points in the series after tying the second game then captured another three points to pull into a tie for third with Western Michigan.
With the Spartans 2 points ahead with 4 games to play, the Lakers' couldn't have asked for a better schedule than to play Illinois–Chicago and Kent State in consecutive weekends.
Up to that point in the season senior starter Blaine Lacher had had a good season but he finally earned his first shutout of the year against UIC.
After Lacher allowed only one goal in the rematch the Lakers found themselves in a tie for second with the Broncos after Michigan State's disastrous weekend.
Lacher continued his hot streak by shutting out Kent State in consecutive games and after Western Michigan failed to keep pace the Lakers ended the season with a 2nd-place CCHA finish.
The Buckeyes proved they were no match for the Lakers when they failed to score in wither of the two games, allowing Lacher to run his shutout streak almost to 300 minutes, a new program record.
The quarterfinal bye allowed the Lakers to rest while MSU got in a dogfight with Miami and when the two met the Spartans couldn't beat Lacher who posted his fifth consecutive shutout and was approaching the all-time NCAA shutout record.
Lacher and the Lakers faced a tall task in the conference title game against Michigan and at least early on it appeared that they might have a chance for both the title and the record.
However, just after his 375th minute of scoreless play, Lacher finally surrendered a goal and the near-miss to the record seemed to deflate the team.
Lake Superior could only muster 15 shots against a ferocious Wolverine defense and the Lakers fell 0–3, ending their three-year reign as CCHA Tournament champions.
Despite catching fire at the end of the season Lake Superior only received the 4th western seed and would have to face Michigan in the Regional Semifinals.
The Huskies hadn't played well to end the season but they were still able to put up a fight against Lake Superior, scoring five times and pushing LSSU into their 11th overtime game of the season.
Lake Superior had lost as many extra-session games as they had won to that point but they were able to get above .500 and advance to the second round.
The fifth meeting between the two looked like it was going to go the same way as the first four when Michigan opened the scoring 9 minutes in but Lake State responded by scoring three times in just over three minutes to give themselves a 2-goal edge after the first.
The Wolverines recovered in the third and methodically took over, firing 20 shots at Lacher and scoring three times to retake the lead but a goal by Kurt Miller, with just 3 seconds left in the second period, tied the score at 4-all.
The Laker goal seemed to sap the energy from the Wolverines and the two teams played the final frame a bit more evenly.
Both teams appeared nervous at the start with only one shot being recorded in the first two and a half minutes, but when Rob Valicevic got the first Laker shot of the session it ended up in the back of the net and the Lakers had landed their white whale.
Lake State's third game of the tournament ended in much the same manner as the first two with overtime being needed but team captain Clayton Beddoes' goal just past the 4-minute mark sent Lake Superior to its third consecutive championship game.
The three nail-biting finishes had left their mark on the team with Jeff Jackson downing Tums and Blaine Lacher finding hair coming off in his mask.
Their final game came against the top eastern seed, Boston University, and they were expecting to weather a storm from the favored Terriers who had outscored opponents by more than 40 goals in the first period alone that season.
Instead, it was the Lakers who got off to a hot start with one goal in the first period to BU's none.
The score might have been a surprise but what was truly shocking was how poorly Boston University had played; the Terriers had only been able to muster 2 shots on goal in the first 20 minutes that that didn't bode well for their chances.
BU did score in the second period but by then the route was on and Lake Superior ended up scoring nine goals from seven different players.
More importantly was the fact that Lake Superior finally got a National Championship without a cloud of controversy hanging over the victory.
Sean Tallaire received the tournament MOP on the back of his two goals but the award could have gone to any number of Laker players with their dominating performance.
Tallaire was joined by Blaine Lacher, Keith Aldridge, Steve Barnes and Clayton Beddoes on the All-Tournament team, tying the record for the most players by one team in a season.
Blaine Lacher finished with a program-record 1.98 goals against average and 6 shutouts on the season (still program bests as of 2019) but his heroics went unrecognized by award voters as only Beddoes made the AHCA West Second-Team.
Even in their conference the Lakers could only manage two All-CCHA Second Team nods (garnered by Beddoes and Aldridge) but in the end the National Championship made up for any slights.
The 1993–94 Lakers became only the second National Champion to play more road games than home games during the season (1977–78 Boston University).
Bailey was appointed for two terms as the representative for the County of Brant Police Services Board, ending his term early in 2018 when he was elected as the Mayor .
On October 22, 2018, Bailey was elected as the Mayor of the County of Brant defeating 20 year incumbent, Ron Eddy.
Bailey has volunteered as the Chair, Vice Chair, President, Member and/or Honorary Member on the following Board of Directors and Foundations: Animal Aid Foundation, Boys and Girls Club (Brantford), Brant Community Foundation, Brant Historical Society, Brant United Way, Brantford Club, Brantwood Community Services, David A.B.
Bailey Foundation, Empire Club of Canada, Grand River Grannies in support of the Stephen Lewis Foundation, Rotary Club (Brantford), South Dumfries Trade and Tourism Association and St. George Applefest.
Henry Scardeville (1654–1703) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 17th century and the very start of the eighteenth.
Meitei calendar or Manipuri calendar or Kangleipak calendar or Maliyapham Palcha Kumshing is a lunar and sidereal calendar used by the Meitei people of Manipur for their religious as well as agricultural activities.
The calendar was first developed by Emperor Maliya Phampalcha, in the year 1398 BC in the kingdom of Kangleipak (present day Manipur).
HelpSmith allows a technical writer to create documentation in various formats, such as HTML Help (CHM), Web Help (HTML-based help system), PDF, and ePub.
Version 1.0 of HelpSmith was released in 2007 as a help authoring tool that had support for a single HTML Help (CHM) format.
On February 7, 2008, HelpSmith was presented on the Giveaway of the Day website where the product received initial feedback and feature requests from its users.
Over the past few years, HelpSmith has obtained support for the major documentation formats, support for High DPI displays, improvements to the user interface, and other enhancements.
Similarly to common help authoring tools, HelpSmith includes a word processor to edit the content of help topics, customizable templates, user-defined variables, the ability to import existing documenation, media files management tools, support for various output formats, conditional compilation capabilities, and other functions.
The integrated Image Tool can be used by a technical writer to capture screenshots of an application or website, and to add annotations for elements demonstrated on a screenshot.
A single-user (per seat) license allows a customer to install HelpSmith Standard or HelpSmith Professional Edition on the main computer, and on a second computer, such as laptop.
A multiple-user (floating) license allows a customer to install HelpSmith Terminal Server Edition on a terminal server in the client/server environment for concurrent usage by multiple users.
The company was established in 2009 and provides a platform for the circulation and promotion of music written in the last 40 years.
During the year 2009, a group of students in Musical composition at the Conservatoire de Paris, came up with the idea of creating a digital music library for the most recent contemporary music.
With a global approach, the main objective of the platform is to provide a circulation tool for musicians, universities, conservatories, ensembles, orchestras, musicologists and festivals throughout the world.
Throughout the years 2009 and 2019, BabelScores has gathered a collection of over 210.000 pages of music, thus becoming a relevant digital platform for contemporary music today.
It offers completely digitized scores (issued by BabelScores itself or by partner publishing houses) displayed in a booklet-style reader, with a zoom and full-screen options, streamed audio recordings and notes by the composer.
BabelScores is licensed to several academic institutions such as Conservatoire Superieur National de Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Columbia University, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Juilliard School, IRCAM Centre Pompidou, Stanford University, The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, The University of Edinburgh, Guildhall School, Musikhochschule Lübeck, Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, The University of Melbourne, University of Auckland, Yale University.
Anka Bergman (1917 – July 2013) was a Holocaust survivor noted for giving birth to Eva Clarke whilst in a concentration camp.
Born in 1917 in the town of Třebechovice, in present day Czech Republic, she grew up with her parents and two brothers and sisters.
Anka and Bernd were separated, and Anka was sent to Theresienstadt, which at the time was an old barracks transformed into a Nazi Ghetto.
She had a job in a provisions store to help feed the fifteen members of her extended family transported to the same ghetto.
The Gestapo forced her to sign a document that if her son was born it would be killed, but he died at two months old to pneumonia.
Upon arriving in October, she was again separated from Bernd, who would later be shot in a death march by the Nazis.
She was so malnourished upon being evacuated to the country side for the Mauthausen concentration camp, she credits a farmer who offered her a glass of milk for her survival.
During her time in these ghettos and camps, music from performers who were also captured, helped motivate people to go on.
In 1984 she started a new life with Czech RAF fighter Karel Bergman in Cardiff, Wales and would often give talks on her experiences.
The Democratic Rally of the Tahitian People remained the largest party, but lost its majority in the Assembly, winning 14 of the 30 seats.
In the new Council of Government, the Democratic Rally of the Tahitian People had three ministers and the Tahitian Democratic Union two.
He married in 1842 with Orsola Vianello, daughter of Giuseppe and Giuditta Venier, exponent of a noble family of the Venetian patriciate, from which he had in 1852 Cav.Giovanni Spangher (who then embarked on a brilliant career within Credito Italiano).
He transmitted the patriotic ideals to his son who was later condemned to death because he refused to fight in the Austrian army (as he considered himself an Italian citizen).
On 30 November 1848 he was elected to the first Austrian democratic parliament after the revolutions of March 1848, where he remained in office until February 1849.
He took part in the great renewal approved in parliament towards the end of 1848 which released from the point of economic view the proletarians from the noble landowners, ending to decades of infighting.
In the 1950s he started and financed the project to complete the bell tower of the church of San Rocco in Villesse.
Certain sources claim he was the son of a vicar of Lammi parish, but some claim he was descended from the Roth Family, possibly the son of Lars Hansson Roth.
In 1594, two years before the Cudgel War, Sigismund III Vasa granted Hans Larsson because of his loyalty to the King, a Osara house and five wilderness houses in Pakula, which later became Osara Manor.
Three years after the defeat of the peasant rebellion, Sigismund also gave the whole of the nineteen farmhouse village of Inkula, Viljakkala.
As the lord of the manor, Hans Larsson was the most powerful and wealthiest man in Osara village and in the whole of Hämeenkyrö.
When Duke Charles became king of Sweden in 1600, he started trials of the other party involved, against Sigismund, and Fleming's supporters.
He sought to influence the verdict by appealing to his nobility, but he did not have the necessary evidence because the Russians had burned the documents during the war of 1575-1595.
The exact date of his execution is uncertain, but he was declared dead on October 14, 1601 at the Hämeenkyrö district and his wife Kirstin is mentioned as a widow.
The Virginia depot was a military camp used last by the Bundeswehr west of Schleißheimer Straße in the Munich district of Lerchenau.
In the years between 1936 and 1940, in addition to other buildings, seven warehouses designed as bunkers with a total of about 133,000 m³ of enclosed space were erected.
During the subsequent use by the Bundeswehr, the Military District Clothing Office VI and the Munich branch of the Military District Catering Office VI were located there.
Heavy equipment from neighbouring barracks were also loaded over the tracks of the Bundeswehr tank loading station at the powder tower.
Conor Kearns (born 6 May 1998) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for League of Ireland Premier Division club, St Patrick's Athletic, having also previously spent 5 years with UCD, where he made the breakthrough to senior football.
The first leg saw his side win 2–1, while they lost 2–1 away from home in the second leg before losing 5–4 on penalties, despite Kearns saving one of Molde's penalties.
Kearns' first involement with the UCD senior team came towards the end of the 2016 season, when he was named in the matchday squad but remained as an unused substitute in 7 games.
Although he again didn't make an appearance, 2017 saw him take another step closer to the number 1 shirt, as he was second choice keeper for much of the year, remaining an unused substitute in 22 of his side's 28 league games.
He made his debut at senior level on the opening night of the 2018 League of Ireland First Division, in a 2–1 win over Dublin rivals Shelbourne.
On 14 September 2018, Kearns and his UCD side drew 1–1 with Finn Harps to win the League of Ireland First Division.
With such a young squad, coupled with the mid-season departure of many of the team's better players including Gary O'Neill, Neil Farrugia & Conor Davis, meant the side were in a relegation battle with Finn Harps for the entirety of the season.
After the match, Kearns celebrated in front of the Bohemians fans who had been booing him for what they perceived as time wasting, which Bohs captain Derek Pender confronted Kearns over his celebrations which resulted in a brawl on the pitch between both sets of players, while Kearns had bottles thrown at him from the visiting supporters who also tried to attack him as he left the pitch.
For their part in the brawl, both Kearns and Pender were sent off by referee Derek Tomney which resulted in one match bans but Kearns was given an additional 5 game ban, with Pender receiving an additional 3 games.
But, in terms of having to justify it, there’s a lot of people who have been in the situation I have been in that hasn’t had to deal with the same backlash that I have.
Kearns made a total of 33 appearances in all competitions as UCD were relegated after finishing bottom of the league with just 19 points.
On 27 November 2019, it was announced that Kearns had signed for St Patrick's Athletic, under new manager Stephen O'Donnell, joining former UCD teammate Jason McClelland who had signed a few weeks earlier.
Kearns made his debut for the Republic of Ireland U21s on 6 February 2019, playing in a friendly against Republic of Ireland Ametuers and keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 win.
He played in the 3rd/4th place playoff against Mexico U23s, replacing Caoimhín Kelleher in the 64th minute as Ireland drew 0–0 but lost 4–3 on penalties despite Kearns saving Érick Aguirre's penalty in the shootout.
ARLeF - Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane (Regional Agency for Friulian Language) is a public body of the Autonomous Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia that coordinates activities involving the safeguarding and promotion of the Friulian language across the regional territory.
The Agency provides a language consultancy service for both public and private bodies and performs diverse actions to promote the presence and advance the use of the Friulian language in the main fields of social life, including the family, the school, mass media, new technologies, public administration, scientific research, show business, the arts, culture and the working environment.
The Board of Directors is appointed by decree of the President of the Region according to the deliberation of the Regional Government and comprises five members.
The names of three of them, including the Chairman, are put forward by the Regional Minister responsible for the protection of the Friulian language.
One member is appointed by the Council of Local Autonomies, chosen from among the representatives of the local authorities included in the area of protection by Finally, one member is appointed by the University of Udine.
The Regional Government is entitled to appoint the Chairman of the Agency, who needs to be one of the appointed members of the Board of Directors.
The Chairman presides over the meetings of the Board of Directors, coordinates the operations of the Agency and acts as its legal representative.
The Technical and Scientific Committee includes eight scholars, university lecturers or cultural operators boasting wide and considerable experience in planning or implementing initiatives for the teaching and the dissemination of the Friulian language as well as the promotion of its use in all fields of communication and contemporary life.
The members of the Committee are appointed by the Board of Directors for a term of three years and may be reconfirmed.
The Auditor is appointed by the decree of the President of the Region on the proposal of the Regional Minister responsible for the protection of the Friulian Language.
The Auditor performs auditing functions and has a mandate of three years from the date of his or her appointment and may be reappointed only once.
Through the Regional Linguistic Centre for the Friulian Language, ARLeF provides services in the areas of linguistic and place naming consultancy, translation, information and guidance relating to the Friulian language.
The services provided are addressed to all local authorities, ancillary departments as well as public service licensees included in the relevant territory.
In addition, the service may be provided to private individuals, providing it is deemed to be in compliance with the guidelines set out in the regional linguistic policy.
The project also aims to overcome the prejudice that may influence the choice of families with respect to multilingual educational paths.
The Agency has implemented several software tools that facilitate the written usage of the Friulian language according to the norms of the official spelling (set out by Regional Law 15/96 art.
The campaign aims to increase the number of parents choosing to enrol their children in the optional Friulian classes when they start to attend kindergarten as well as elementary and lower secondary school.
6 of 27 March 2015, which aims to remember and celebrate the origins, culture and history of the independence of the Friulian people, ARLeF was entrusted with the task of supervising the organisation of the official ceremonies of the festival as well as over 100 related events held by the local authorities in the Friulian-speaking territory on the 3 of April each year.
The festival commemorates the 3 of April 1077, a day that marked the foundation of the patriarchal state of Friuli, an institution that reunited the land of Friuli and other territories in a single state organisation and existed until the 15 century, reaching a very advanced level of civil organisation forms at the time.
The project includes various phases and involves multiple media outlets aiming to reach the inhabitants of Friuli, especially the young people, and inspire them to actively support the Friulian language.
The Agency supports the promotion of the Friulian language in the sectors of publishing, entertainment and scientific research by granting funds through calls for proposals to public and private bodies that intend to implement specific projects.
Additionally, the Agency signed a series of memorandums of understanding and launched several collaboration projects with prominent Friulian entities for the promotion of the language in all sectors of society.
The memorandums include several activities such as the translation of information and promotional material, the implementation of joint events and multilingual information campaigns.
It is an operational platform created to support, protect and promote minority and regional languages from around Europe through an exchange of best practices and information among the experts in the sector.
Subsequently, ARLeF was given operational tasks relating to management, organisation and support to the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Regional Authority in the NPLD activities.
As its highlight, a song is performed, alternating a cantor and the choir of the other peasants who sing a refrain.
In the 19th century, Johann André composed a new melody and chose eight of the stanzas for a version which appeared in both Protestant and Catholic hymnals, often sung in schools.
His text has stanzas three to ten of Claudius, pairing two of them to one new stanza, with a slightly modified refrain.
At the same time, the song entered official Protestant hymnals, such as an Oldenburg hymnal in 1791, and hymnals in Königsberg and Bremen in 1812.
It was included, with a musical setting of the melody by Schulz by John Bacchus Dykes, in various hymnals of different denominations.
Marian Eleganti (born 7 April 1955 in Uznach, Canton of St. Gallen) is a Swiss Roman Catholic Priest, theologian and auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Chur.
Later that year, Eleganti resigned from the monastery and took over, alongside Gebhard Paul Maria Sigl, the pastoral roles left vacant by the suspension of the member of the Austrian priest Joseph Seidnitzer.
On 16 November 1994, Eleganti was ordained a Deacon by Bishop Otmar Mäder, and received his ordination on 23 June 1995 by the Bishop of St. Gallen, Ivo Furer.
On 15 July 1999, the monks of St. Otmarsberg Abbey elected Eleganti as the monastery's second abbot, succeeding Ivo Auf der Maur, receiving his Benediction by Bishop Ivo Fürer on 29 August 1999.
The Missionary Benedictines in Uznach belong to the Benedictine Congregation of St. Ottilien near Munich with branches in Europe, East, West and South Africa, South America, Cuba and the United States, India, Korea, China, Kazakhstan and the Philippines.
Eleganti received his episcopal ordination on 31 January 2010 by the Bishop of Chur, Vitus Huonder, in the Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption, including the co-Consecrators, the Apostolic Nuncio in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, Archbishop Francesco Canalini, and the emeritus Bishop of Chur, Amédée Grab.
On 1 February 2010, Eleganti became episcopal vicar in the regional general vicariate for the cantons of Zurich and Glarus, with responsibility for pastoral work, representation and administration.
He resigned from this position in early March 2018 due to disagreements with the other bishops of the Youth Synod Conference in the fall of 2018.
Since 7 April 2011, Eleganti has been the Episcopal Vicar for Religious and Monastic communities and for the philosophical and theological training and for the training and development of the pastor.
She led the Directorate-General for Traffic until she resigned over an accusation of conflict of interest which was later found to be groundless.
She studied for a degree in Medicine and General Surgery at the University of Barcelona, where she later completed a master's degree in Public Health.
It was announced on 22 July 2011 that she had been appointed as Director General of Public Health, Substance Abuse and Consumer Affairs of the Government of Castilla-La Mancha.
On July 19, 2016, the Ministry of Interior started an investigation into an the funding of research projects that the General Directorate of Traffic had granted to the University of Zaragoza.
Although the official figures of the Directorate General of Traffic show that this was not really so since the Victim numbers grew steadily during her tenure.
In March 2017, the Office of Conflicts of Interest of the Ministry of Finance determined that there was no violation in the award of the contract to the University of Zaragoza as there was no evidence that her husband benefited in any way.
He is considered as one of the must successful high school artiste in the country currently, with three singles to his credit.
He is currently a final year student of Ghana National College where his love for music was greatly developed and was discovered through Alkiains Entertainment's Lisa Quama a dancer and his school mate.
Following his introduction to Nelson Ansong, CEO of Alkians Group; parent company of Alkians Entertainment, he recorded his first studio single titled Staircase and went on to record two more singles towards his maiden EP.
He is also considered as a music powerhouse in the high school circles for his ability to write and deliver music effortlessly.
It opened on 26 November 2019, connecting the port of Rizhao on the Yellow Sea coast with Qufu, home of Confucius and a major tourist destination.
The line starts from Rizhao West Station on the Qingdao–Yancheng railway part of the Coastal passageway, a high-speed rail corridor running along the eastern coast of China.
The railway heads inland to Qufu East on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway thereby providing high-speed connections to a wide variety of destinations.
The railway is part of the Rizhao–Lankao railway, work continues on the Qufu–Heze and Heze–Lankao sections which when completed will take the total length of the route to 494 km.
In November 2019 there were around ten trains per day in each direction along the line, the fastest time between the terminals is now 1 hour 14 minutes (trains G5589 and G5570) the slowest direct train on the line takes 1 hour and 53 minutes and stops at every station (train G5578).
There are other trains that go the long way around between the stations, for example train G5528 goes from Linyi North to Rizhao West via Qufu, Jinan, Weifang and Qingdao taking 4 hours 35 minutes.
Whilst quite a few of the direct trains travel just between Rizhao and Qufu, there are numerous other direct trains which include this section of line, destinations available by direct trains include Qingdao, Zibo, Weihai, Yantai, Jinan and Tai'an.
The Turbot Bank is a shelf bank and mound feature of the seabed of the North Sea that lies off the east coast of Scotland, about east of Peterhead.
The depth of water above the bank varies from 60 m below sea level on top of the bank down to 80 m at its margins.
He lost his father at age 3, and his mother at age 9, and dropped out of school due to poverty.
After graduating in the same year, he served as secretary and history instructor of the CPC's Northern Shaanxi Public School and joined the Communist Party of China.
In 1941, Tian was selected into the Political Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and then transferred to the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, responsible for compiling textbooks for primary schools.
In 1954 he was appointed Deputy Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, responsible for the work of the Secretary's Office.
Tian participated in the editing of the first to fourth volumes of Selected Works of Mao Zedong, and was mainly responsible for writing the annotations.
He also participated in the writing of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Mao's poems, etc., and drafted the opening speech of Mao at the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
In 1980, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China politically rehabilitated Tian, and held memorial service in his honor.
Esther Utjiua Muinjangue is a Namibian politician and the president of the National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO), a party with two seats in the National Assembly of Namibia and one seat in the National Council of Namibia.
In the 2019 Namibian general election where Muinjangue first ran as presidential candidate she only gathered 1.5% of the popular vote.
The mela includes stalls from various research institutes, seeds companies, farm machinery manufacturers in India as well as stalls show casing techniques of organic farming and produces.
As with Meyer's other pastiches, the novel features Holmes meeting real-life historical personages such as Constance Garnett, Israel Zangwill and Chaim Weizmann.
The 2019–20 East Tennessee State Buccaneers men's basketball team represent East Tennessee State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Buccaneers, led by 5th-year head coach Steve Forbes, play their home games at the Freedom Hall Civic Center in Johnson City, Tennessee, as members of the Southern Conference.
The 1998 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 24 July - 1 August 1998 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Daniel Black (16 April 1911–1993) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Carlisle United and Mansfield Town.
The islands of Cape Verde were discovered between 1460 and 1462 by Portuguese and Genoese sailors in the service of the Portuguese Crown.
Due to Cape Verde's proximity to the African coast, Portuguese sailors began to settle on the islands and given their strategic position, the islands served as a trading and supply warehouse, with particular emphasis on the Atlantic slave trade, particularly to Brazil.
In 1956, Amílcar Cabral created the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), fighting against colonialism and starting a march for independence.
In 1972, during the Portuguese Colonial War, autonomy was granted to the islands and Portuguese Cape Verde held its only parliamentary elections in 1973, however, unlike other Portuguese colonies, there was no armed conflict in Cape Verde, and ultimately independence for Cape Verde resulted from negotiation with Portugal after the April 1974 Carnation Revolution.
There have also been several high-level visits between leaders of both nations and both countries work closely together within the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
He returned to Quebec afterwards, where his parents are from, to study at the Montreal School of Fine Arts where he received the first prize in anatomy and sculpture.
In 1960, Laurent Coderre joined the English animation team of the National Film Board of Canada, where he directed educational films until 1969.
More and more sponsored films were entrusted to him, which allows him to experiment with new animation techniques, especially paper cut.
This four-week short film was awarded the best film prize at the Yortkton International Film Festival and a diploma of honor at the London International Film Festival.
Between 1973 and 1977, Coderre left aside the production of films to give international conferences and workshops on animated film, while continuing to collaborate on various animation projects.
M Hafizuddin Khan is a Bangladeshi career bureaucrat and former adviser to the caretaker government heading the Ministries of Finance, Planning, Jute and Textiles.
During her career as an actress, she featured in over seventy movies and won the awards for Best Actress of the Year at the Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA) and Best Actress in a Leading Role at the Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMMA).
She attended Ohabiam Primary and Secondary School, where she obtained her first school leaving certificate and West African Senior School Certificate.
In 2011 Sylvanus was included in the cabinet of former governor of Imo state Rochas Okorocha as his Special Assistant on Lagos State Affairs and later became his Special Adviser on Public Affairs.
Sylvanus, who was a special assistant to former Governor of Imo state, Rochas Okorocha on Public affairs was kidnapped on December 15, 2012 at 2.30pm as reported by various reputable Nigerian media houses.
A Vanguard media publication reported that a ransom of a ₦100,000,000 (One hundred million naira) which was (per exchange rate) in 2012 equivalent to $640,000 (Six Hundred and forty thousand U.S dollars) was demanded by her captors in exchange for her release.
The Greyhounds, led by 2nd-year head coach Tavaras Hardy, play their home games at Reitz Arena in Baltimore, Maryland as members of the Patriot League.
Philip James Bartley (23 December 1914–1978) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Rochdale.
Lansa (acronym for Limitada Nacional de Servicio Aéreo y luego de Líneas Aéreas Nacionales) was an airline company based in Barranquilla , Colombia.
A couple of mechanics and pilots decided to form their own company on May 7, 1945 in the city of Barranquila.
Lansa as a result of its success from its Atlantic coast routes and in Medellin and Bogota, the company then acquired four Douglas DC-3 aircraft after having a successful year in 1946.
In that same year, Lansa became a publicly traded company and changing its name to Línea Aéreas Nacionales S.A. After having been 2 years in the airline industry, Lansa accumulated 18 DC-3 aircraft.
Its services were extended to the Caribbean Region, Neiva, Garzón, Popayán and Ipiales in the south of the country of Colombia.
In 1948 there were negotiations of acquiring three Martin 202 aircraft, which had a maximum capacity of up to 40 passengers.
In order to expand its international operations, Lansa decided to request routes from Cartagena and Barranquilla to Havana and Miami, with the aim of competing directly with Avianca.
Under the direction of Humberto Zimmermann, former Avianca worker, Lansa airmail services were inaugurated on June 22, 1950, then that the National Government awarded him a contract for the transport of mail and parcels.
The gradual decline of the company after having such great success in its early days was due to several fatal accidents that happened in 1951, the accidents seriously damaged the companies reputation and financial losses.
At that point many stockholders came with the choice that to be smart with their money, they would sell their stake to Avianca.
Although Lansa maintained its identity independently for the next three years, in 1954 it completed its integration process in Avianca, which resulted in a definitive cessation of operations and in the transfer of its fleet from DC-3 to Avianca, while the other planes were sold to third parties.
He worked at the Ministry of Health as a health officer, and then at the Diyarbakır Health Directorate and Ankara Oncology Hospital.
Tiryaki has been a prominent critic of the Turkish government's organisation of elections, such as making it harder for prisoners to vote, and relocating ballot boxes in Kurdish areas, which he said was in order to reduce his party's share of the vote.
In May 2019 he also accused the YSK, Turkey's election authority, of stealing the data of mentally disabled people in order to cancel the result of the Istanbul Mayoral election.
The 2019 BOOST National was held from December 10 to 15, at the Conception Bay South Arena in Conception Bay South, Newfoundland and Labrador.
The top 14 men's and women's teams on the World Curling Tour order of merit standings as of November 5, 2019 qualified for the event.
In the event that a team declines their invitation, the next-ranked team on the order of merit is invited until the field is complete.
The sponsor's exemption was not used, and the spot was allocated to the highest-ranked remaining team on the order of merit.
Frederick Stanley Field (12 June 1914–2004) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue and Mansfield Town.
The peasant Khun-anup tricked by the unscrupulous Nemtynakht, is forced to rely on his own eloquence to convince lord Rensi's lands about his needs of justice.
He is known for his figure paintings as well as his portraits of American public figures such as Philip Glass, Joshua Bell, Paul Volcker, Cándido Camero, Monsignor William Linder and Octavio Vázquez.
Eventually, he moved to New York City to study piano performance under Germán Diez at City University of New York, where he completed a Master of Arts in Music.
Alvarez Roure's work has been collected by the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C., European Museum of Modern Art in Barcelona, Steinway Hall in New York City, and the Federal Reserve in Washington D.C.
In 2019 he was a finalist of the Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition, where his painting Hidden Wounds was one of 46 works exhibited at The Outwin: American Portraiture Today at the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery.
Leslie James Clenshaw (29 September 1905–1985) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Barrow, Mansfield Town and Southend United.
In 1996 class Xth was also added with the first batch of 16 CBSE students and all of them passed the board exam.
But till now class XII was not there, in 2006 the first batch consist of 13 students apply for the CBSE exam.
The popularity of the school started growing day by day at that time due to lack of students, the civilian also got a chance for admission.
Earlier documents reveal that the Sufi arrived in Bengal in 1053 CE (445 Hijri) with his spiritual teacher Syed Shah Surkhul Antia 250 years before Shah Jalal's arrival in Sylhet in 1303 CE.
Upon arrival of the saint and his followers, the message of Islam reached the local residents, who, convinced by his piety, accepted Islam.
All present at the scene accepted Islam and the king granted him village of Madanpur free of rent where his shrine was built.
The government run by the East India company tried to takeover the estate of the shrine in 1829 which was contested by its guardians.
Upon production of an old document dated 1082 which was transcribed in Persian, the government abandoned the plan and granted the estate to the document holders.
The 2019 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 17th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates from November 20 to November 23, 2019.
In July 2018, it was announced Wagner Moura, Ana de Armas, Garret Dillahunt, Brían F. O'Byrne, Will Dalton and Clemens Schick had joined the cast of the film, with Greg Barker directing from a screenplay by Craig Borten, with Netflix distributing.
Guns for Sale is a 1998 documentary film about the affect of guns on manhood, raiding, and livelihood in Karamajong, northern Uganda.
They are one of the most feared tribes in all of Africa and are well known for their cattle herding and raiding.
Traditions remain, but guns entered the fold and have become intertwined not only in Karamajong culture, but also the culture of neighboring tribes as well.
The arms trade is responsible for this rise in guns from traditional sticks, spears, and bow & arrows; which has led to overwhelming brutality and violence all throughout Africa.
The film introduces Lokwarionga, a skilled warrior, commander, guardian, and feared raider who is part of the Karamajong ethnic people and has his fair share of violence.
However, an aged Lokwarionga is introduced not a youthful one and his many wives and children have brought out a peaceful nature to him.
Violence plagues Uganda and the Ugandan government developed an initiative to recruit Karamajong warriors, including Lokwarionga, as vigilantes to bring peace to surrounding areas.
An important conflict that opens this story up is a cattle raid on the Karamajong by a neighboring enemy, which causes Lokwarionga and other warriors to investigate and than contact the government.
He meets with a Ugandan government official, but the official really just receives the report and tells them there is nothing that can really be done at that point.
Most dialogue is translated, but Andrew Sachs, the narrator of this film, gives historical context and description of events to tie the film together.
The film was released in 1998 with a plethora of documentaries that can be seen in Under the Sun, a doc-series, based out of London, England through BBC Worldwide.
This film has yet to receive any reception through any mainstream media, but there were some scholarly articles by Ben Knighton.
In his three separate articles using this film as a reference he discussed the raider state and the threat of guns.
He is professor of education at the University of Gothenburg and professor II at the University of Oslo's Faculty of Educational Sciences.
He was named a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1993 and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Oslo in 2017.
The star has a yellow hue and is just bright enough to be barely visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 6.29.
It is a BY Draconis variable that varies in brightness by about 0.10 magnitude over a period of 15.8 days, which is interpreted as the rotation period of the star.
It has slightly above solar metallicity − the term astronomers use for the relative abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium.
It is radiating 80% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5649 K. An infrared excess indicates a cold debris disk is orbiting the star at a distance of with a mean temperature of 60 K. The disk has an estimated mass of .
Iwona Krystyna Michałek née Pychyńska (born 13 March 1956 in Szczeczin) – is a Polish teacher and politician, member of the VIII and IX Sejm.
Fiscal councils evaluate government’s fiscal policies, plans and performance publicly and independently, against macroeconomic objectives related to the long-term sustainability of public finances, short-to-medium-term macroeconomic stability, and other official objectives.
Fiscal councils are meant to alleviate the problem of deficit bias, which is a tendency of governments to run too high a deficit.
Fiscal councils alleviate deficit bias by providing an unbiased estimate of government income, and by reminding the public of the government's intertemporal budget constraint.
no deficits) because they are assumed to have a longer time horizon than governments, which may only govern for one or two terms.
Governments that are unsure of being re-elected may ignore the long-term consequences of fiscal deficits and use generous fiscal policy to increase their chances of re-election.
This may be possible because voters tend to see the short term benefits they can gain from a reduction in taxes and an increase in public spending, but are not always fully aware of the possible long-term costs of this.
The union organised the first strike in the City in 1988 to win improved working conditions and in 1992 organised a campaign of mass resignations which won the right to pensions for Vatican workers.
The Vatican also maintains relations with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and supports efforts that benefit child workers and migrants and efforts to eradicate trafficing.
He is a member of the centre-right party Forza Italia and was elected Mayor of Mantua at the 2010 Italian local elections.
After graduating from the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, where he was active in the Independent Students’ Association, Ardanowski began managing a farm in Krobia and was elected to the regional legislature of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Outside of politics and agriculture, Ardanowski has studied the fate of the Jewish women at the Stutthof concentration camp, forced into slave labor in Bocień.
Mastichari or Mastihari () is a fishing village and tourist resort on the island of Kos in Greece with a population of 470, situated 7 kilometers away from Kos International Airport.
In 1956 he was one of the candidates nominated by the Convention People's Party to represent the Cape Coast electoral area for the 1956 Legislative Assembly elections however, Nathaniel Azarco Welbeck was ultimately selected to contest for the seat.
On 1 July 1959 he was appointed district commissioner for Cape Coast and the regional secretary of the Convention People's Party in the Central Region.
United Business Institutes (UBI), officially the International Institute of Business Management, is a private establishment of higher education located in Brussels, Luxembourg and Shanghai delivering BA, MBA and DBA programs in Business Studies and Administration.
A political and business consultant, Collings has worked on various campaigns including most notably as the state director for Bernie Sanders in 2016.
Collings grew up in Fort Kent, Maine and earned a social science degree from the University of Maine at Fort Kent.
The 2019–20 Western Carolina Catamounts men's basketball team represent Western Carolina University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Catamounts, led by second-year head coach Mark Prosser, play their home games at the Ramsey Center in Cullowhee, North Carolina, as members of the Southern Conference.
The Catamounts finished the 2018–19 season 7–25 overall, 4–14 in SoCon play to finish in a three-way tie for eighth place.
South Sudan first gained independence in 2011; six years after the conclusion of the Second Sudanese Civil War which saw the destruction of Juba's only cinema.
Founded by Simon Bingo, the festival was intended to alleviate the negative image of South Sudan as a war-torn country as well as to promote South Sudanese culture and art.
She was the daughter of Rabbi Shmuel Isaac Hillman, who invited Belfast Rabbi Isaac Herzog (Yitzchak HaLevi Herzog) to his home for a conference regarding kosher dietary laws during World War I rationing in 1917.
According to family history, Sarah dropped a tea tray when she saw Isaac, who was also immediately smitten (in some versions, Sarah spilled tea all over Isaac).
With Rachel Ben-Zvi and Ita Yellin, she organized specific women's protests against the policy of saving Jewish children from Nazi-controlled territory (Kindertransport) but not allowing these children to be relocated to Palestine.
She was religiously observant and initially had reservations about Chaim's fiancée Aura Ambache, though she later welcomed her into the family.
After her husband's death, Herzog continued to be active in Israeli politics as an unofficial ambassador and in international Jewish women's organizations.
She often hosted the wives of rabbis and other dignitaries, including during the first World Conference of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Congregations in 1968.
The Sarah Herzog Children's Home in Afula is a residential centre built in 1943 for children orphaned by the Holocaust is also named after her.
In the 1980s, the Jerusalem hospital Ezrath Nashim was renamed Herzog Hospital after her, who was its volunteer president for forty years.
After the Liberation of Bulgaria, he received a state scholarship from the Ministry of Education and graduated with excellence from the Classical High School in Zagreb in 1884.
Upon his return to Sofia, he began lecturing at the University of Sofia (from 1890) and at the same time taught at the Sofia Men's High School.
He was elected a Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1892, and a Member of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1900.
He is the author of the first scientific work on the history of the Bulgarian language, whose second and third volumes were posthumously edited by Stefan Mladenov.
As one of the youngest and most successful astrophysics, she has dedicated her attention and energy in space and the sky, without paying attention to things like love or company.
Among her various investigations, Sofia begins to identify chaotic elements of space and its operation with her own personal and professional life.
The situation will get complicated when she meet Gerardo (Christian Vásquez), a colleague from the institute who seems to have the opposite elements to her.
However, understanding the laws of the universe, Sofia will begin to want to solve her life and her new relationship with Gerardo following the same principles she uses to solve her work.
And although everything looks like a fairy tale, she won't be able to decide between two loves that could balance her life and her work.
The 2018 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 16th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Malmö, Sweden from November 23 to November 25, 2018.
Her grandmother, Angelina Collins renamed Angela, lies in a mass grave in St Finbarrs cemetery in County Cork with 72 other women after working for 27 years in a Magdalene laundry.
Her mother, Mary Teresa Collins, is a survivor of a abusive industrial school, and a child resident of St. Vincent’s Magdalene laundry and a county home.
Collins has published her research regarding Irish travelers and the Tuam Mother and Baby Home in Galway where 800 babies are in a mass grave in Tuam Galway.
Collins has done independent research on Irish institutions such as Industrial schools, Ireland’s mother and baby homes and the Magdalene laundries.
She has been a critic of the mother and baby home Investigation commission and past investigations into child abuse conducted by the Irish government.
In 2019, Collins won the first ever Irish Traveler pride award in inter-sectional she was presented it on day by researcher Catherine Corless.
He is a member of the regionalist party Valdostan Union and he served as Mayor of Aosta from May 2010 to May 2015.
The Women's Junior AHF Cup is a women's international under-21 field hockey competition in Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation.
Chinese Taipei have won the most titles with three and Singapore are the defending champions as they won their first title in 2019.
Associate professor of the Department of Geometry of the Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Jagiellonian University.
Extra sessions were held on January 19, 1863–February 12, 1863; June 30, 1863–July 7, 1863; November 23, 1863–December 14, 1863; and May 17–30 1864 .
The assembly consisted of the 120 members of the North Carolina House of Commons from 82 counties and 50 senators representing one or more counties in North Carolina Senate elected by the voters in October 1862.
There were 82 counties with 120 delegates, 5 counties with three delegates, 28 counties with two delegates, and 49 counties with one delegate.
The House of Commons delegates elected a Speaker (Richard Spaight Donnell, Robert B. Gilliam, Marmaduke Swain Robins, William E. Mann), Clerk, Assistant Clerk, Doorkeeper, and Assistant Doorkeeper.
This General assembly create the Office of the North Carolina State Auditor, who was initially elected by the legislature every two years.
President Barack Obama nominated Wellner on November 21, 2013, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
On April 30, 2015, President Barack Obama renominated Wellner to the same court to the seat vacated by Kaye K. Christian.
JFMG were contracted by communications regulator OFCOM to provide spectrum management and licensing services for programme making and special events (PMSE).
Licences to use this band are issued on a Shared basis which means that any frequency coordination between multiple users in or around a particular location must be done by those users themselves.
In 2013 the UK communications regulator, Ofcom, held an auction in which the UHF band from 790 MHz to 862 MHz was sold to be used for mobile broadband services.
The Interleaved (also known as White Space) UHF spectrum between 470 MHz to 606 MHz (Channels 21 - 37) and 614 MHz to 790 MHz (Channels 39 to 60) may be licensed on a Site Specific Coordinated basis.
Coordinated licences grant the holder exclusive use of particular frequencies or blocks of spectrum at a particular location for a specified period of time.
Licenses are required to use wireless microphones on vacant TV channels in the United States as they are a part of the Broadcast Auxiliary Service (BAS).
However, the FCC has issued a Report and Order stating that they now no longer allow Broadcast Auxiliary Service (BAS) devices to operate in the 698–806 MHz portion of the spectrum due to their auction of the 700 MHz band.
This change is unrelated to, but commonly confused with, the White Space device debate that is currently taking place in the U.S.
There are currently some wireless microphone manufacturers that are marketing wireless microphones for use in the United States that operate within the 944–952 MHz band reserved for studio-transmitter link communications.
These microphones have the potential to interfere with studio-transmitter links, and their use must be coordinated by the Society of Broadcast Engineers.
Licenses in this band are only available to licensees of radio and TV stations, and broadcasters are likely to report unauthorized use in this band due to the high potential for interference.
Beginning in 2017, the amount of TV band spectrum available for wireless microphone use is decreasing as a result of the incentive auction, which was completed on April 13, 2017.
A significant portion of the TV band spectrum in the 600 MHz band, including most (but not all) of the spectrum on TV channels 38-51 (614-698 MHz), has been repurposed for the new 600 MHz service band for use by wireless services, and will not continue to be available for wireless microphone use.
Specifically, wireless microphones that operate in the new 600 MHz service band (the 617-652 MHz and 663-698 MHz frequencies) will be required to cease operation no later than July 13, 2020, and may be required to cease operation sooner if they could cause interference to new wireless licensees that commence operations on their licensed spectrum in the 600 MHz service band.
FCC 14-50, FCC 15-140, DA 17-314 Spectrum will continue to be available for wireless microphone use on the other TV channels 2-36 (TV band frequencies that fall below 608 MHz), on portions of the 600 MHz guard band (the 614-616 MHz frequencies) and the 600 MHz duplex gap (the 653-663 MHz frequencies), and in various other spectrum bands outside of the TV bands.
In Australia, operation of wireless microphones of up to 100 mW EIRP between 520 MHz and 694 MHz is on unused television channels and is covered by a class license, allowing any user to operate the devices without obtaining an individual license.
The onus, however, is on the user of the wireless microphone to resolve any interference that the use of the microphone may cause to licensed radio communications services.
Some governments regard all radio frequencies as military assets and the use of unlicensed radio transmitters, even wireless microphones, may be severely punished.
The was a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway in Japan from 1972 until 2006.
Violet Kay studied at the Glasgow School of Art between 1931 and 1933 and joined the Glasgow Society of Lady Artists in 1935 and later, in 1948, won their Lauder Award.
She was elected a member of the Royal Scottish Watercolour Society in 1948 and regularly exhibited with that Society and also showed some sixty paintings with the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and showed at least once with the Aberdeen Artists Society.
The Canadian Centre for Alternatives to Animal Methods (CCAAM) and its subsidiary, the Canadian Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (CaCVAM), is a research centre founded in 2017 and based at the University of Windsor, in Canada.
Mary Louise Northway ( – ) was a Canadian psychologist, recognized for her work in the area of sociometry (the measurement of social relationships).
Mary Louise Northway was born in Toronto on May 28, 1909; she was the only child of Lucy Northway (née MacKellar) and Arthur Garfield Northway.
She was also a lecturer, and later Supervisor of Research, at the university's Institute of Child Study (ICS), from 1938 until her retirement in 1968.
In 1969, Northway co-founded the Brora Centre, a non-profit organization that conducted child development research that was no longer supported by the university.
Produced by Dr. Manoj K.T, Dr. Rajesh Kumar M.P and Dr. Sajish M under the banner of Doctors' Dilemma, it is Avala's debut feature.
The film premiered at 20th Mumbai Film Festival on October 2018 before doing rounds at the festival circuit including the International Film Festival of Kerala and Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.
His experiences inspired Avala to write the story of Gulikan, a tribal transgender person whose life was a constant battle against humiliation and abuse by a parochial racist story.
Duranta mutisii, commonly known as espino in Spanish, is a shrub of the family Verbenaceae that is found in South America.
It is a shrub that can reach 8 meters high, with more or less dense foliage, has an irregular crown, with abundant branching and subcuadrangular branches.
Its leaves are simple opposite, with an entire border, smooth, leathery, with an acute apex and cuneate base, without stipules and without exudate.
It is distributed in South America at an altitude of 1800 to 3000 meters above sea level, in the following countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
The 1997 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 18-26 July 1997 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Napoleon ends up being the only witness to the theft of a valuable painting, and he is threatened by the thieves of the painting and also becomes a suspect.
It is one of the technical colleges that are governed by the Technical and Vocational Training Corporation (TVTC), the government provider of training in the kingdom.
This college offers a variety of degree programs including mechanical technology, civil and architectural technology, hotel technology and tourism and electrical technology.
Because of financial difficulties, two of the league's teams, Saint John Riptide and Cape Breton Highlanders, were granted a one year sabbatical, with the goal of finding new sponsors in order to rejoin the league next season.
The decrease in the number of teams also caused a change in the playoff format with the top two teams in each division qualifying for the postseason.
Mohamed Ezzarfani (born 15 November 1997), commonly known as Moha, is a Moroccan footballer who plays for Spanish club RCD Espanyol B as a left winger.
Born in Nador but raised in Martorell, Barcelona, Catalonia, Moha represented CF Martorell, FP Hermes and CF Damm as a youth.
He scored his first goal on 16 October, netting the in a 1–1 draw at CD Alcoyano, and finished the season with two goals in 26 appearances.
On 17 July 2017, Moha signed a two-year contract with FC Barcelona for a fee of € 10,000; he was initially assigned to the reserves also in the third division.
Moha made his first team debut on 28 November 2019, coming on as a second-half substitute for Esteban Granero in a 2–2 away draw against Ferencvárosi TC, for the campaign's UEFA Europa League.
Cornelis Bastiaan Vaandrager (Rotterdam, 26 August 1935 – Rotterdam, 18 March 1992), who generally published with only his initials as C. B. Vaandrager, was a Dutch writer and poet who lived and worked in Rotterdam.
He was a brilliant student at the Charlois Lyceum, where he received a straight A at his exam for his Greek translations of Homer and Herodotus.
He joined the artistic scene, taking part in the café night life with his school friend Hans Sleutelaar and such emerging pop artists as Woody van Amen and Daan van Golden.
Espérance de Tunis, an Tunisian professional association football club, has gained entry to Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions on several occasions.
They have represented Tunisia in the Champions League on twenty four occasions, the Confederation Cup on one occasion, the now-defunct Cup Winners' Cup four separate occasions, and the now-defunct CAF Cup one occasion.
It is situated northeast of Pemberton, west-northwest of Cayoosh Mountain, east-southeast of Mount Gardiner, and immediately east of the Place Glacier.
The mountain's cirque name, which describes the shape of the peak, was submitted by mountaineer Karl Ricker of the Alpine Club of Canada.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Sigrid Damm-Rüger (born Sigrid Rüger: 1939 - 1995) was a German feminist activist who initially came to prominence in September 1968 through a tomato at the 23rd congress of the German Socialist Student Union, and subsequently became an author specialising in professional education and training.
Rüger was working for the exam not as a secondary school pupil, but at the newly opened , using the recently introduced , which was designed to open up a route to university admission for older candidates.
In or around 1962, after passing her Abitur, Rüger enrolled at the US-backed Free University (FU) in Berlin as a student of Theatre studies.
During the sit-in of 22 June 1966 it was Rüger who several times was sent by the gathering of several thousand protesting students to deliver their demands to the university senate.
The way in which she reported back to the massed ranks of protestors on the progress of negotiations within the senate were widely seen to have violated hitherto customary principals of confidentiality.
The amount of time and energy Rüger devoted to her multiple roles in student politics during this period led to her officially taking time out from her elected post as student representative.
Although the debate was seen as important in its own terms, backers were also hoping for an opportunity to find practical solutions to the challenges facing new mothers keen to be able to continue their university studies.
A report in Der Spiegel the previous year had stated that in West Germany at this time there was only one nursery place for every 23 children of working mothers: the same ratio also applied to students with children.
Rüger herself was not among the leading activists involved with the at this stage, but her leadership role within the SDS meant that she was well aware that among the SDS leaders there was a singular absence of empathy with feminist viewpoints.
As part of their promotional activities a small group of women from the met up on one side of the room at the twenty-third delegates' conference of the SDS at Frankfurt on 13 September 1968.
One of them, young and beautiful, with striking red hair, wearing a green skirt, and by this time very heavily pregnant was Sigrid Rüger.
At this point Rüger was affected by a powerful dietary craving: she had a large box filled with tomatoes on the table in front of her.
That was the context for the widely-publicised tomato throwing incident whereby Sigrid Rüger expressed displeasure over the lack of consideration given to women's issues in the discussions and activities of her fellow SDS leaders when airing their ambitions to change West German society.
Rüger threw several (according to one source, three) tomatoes in the direction of the row of male SDS, uttering an exclamation as she did it.
It later turned out that she had been aiming not at Krahl, who was gay and the complete opposite of a misogynist, but at the face of the SDS president at the time.
The attention grabbing difference on this occasion was that the thrown tomatoes came from a group of SDS women: their target was the (male) leadership circle of their own student socialist organisation.
An immediate practical result of the tomato throwing was that it prevented the men who were running the conference from letting a powerful speech from Helke Sander, in which Sander appealed for the SDS to support the women's political agenda, to be followed by the next agenda item without any discussion.
Rüger later recalled that even before the conference opened, Helke Sander's acceptance as an delegate to it had been pushed through only in the face of stiff opposition from a group of Berlin SDS men.
Instead, the twenty-third [[Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund |SDS] conference with its tomato throwing incident was followed by a slow drifting apart of the Action Council from the SDS.
Many women in the [[:de:Aktionsrat zur Befreiung der Frauen|Action Council]] pressed for an organisation structure that became increasingly autonomous, un encumbered by links to any organisation where power and influence were shared between both women and men.
Two of [[West Germany]]'s most powerful weekly news magazines, [[Der Spiegel]] and [[Stern (magazine)|Stern]] reported [[Helke Sander|Sander's]] speech and Rüger's tomato throwing in some detail.
Within the student movement and across the universities sector, the tomato throwing incident galvanised awareness of the demands of the [[:de:Aktionsrat zur Befreiung der Frauen|Action Council]] among both backers and opponents.
As her tomato throwing quickly became a lasting symbol for the confident and autonomous feminist movement which emerged rapidly in West Germany during the ensuing ten years, Sigrid Rüger herself withdrew into the political background.
She became the author and / or producer of a succession of articles and monographs on [[vocational education]] and [[professional development]], with a particular emphasis on these topics as they relate to women.
While employed at the [[:de:Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung |Federal Institute]] she also established herself as a personal counsellor and worked as an [[Volunteering|honorary (i.e.
The next year, he became involved with the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Brain Tumors, and his research with the TCGA on diffuse gliomas has helped developed a new molecular classification that is used by the WHO and the subject of CAP guideline development.
From 2009 until 2011, Brat served as Vice-Chair of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Neuropathology Committee, before being elected Chair from 2012 until 2015.
In his final year as Chair, Brat was appointed Chair of the Pathology and Biospecimen Committee as he lead a clinical trial that attempted to find effective responses to the brain tumour glioblastoma.
Brat stayed at Emory for 17 years before accepting a position as Magerstadt Professor and Chair of Pathology at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Pathologist-in-Chief of Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
Izz al-Din Abu Muhammad Abd al-Aziz ibn Shaddad ibn Tamim ibn al-Mu'izz ibn Badis (d. after 1186), known as Abu al-Gharib Izz al-Din al-Sanhaji, was a Zirid chronicler.
He was part of the entourage of the last zirid ruler al-Hasan ibn Ali since he said that he had consulted a book of the library of this sultan.
He was still there in 1186 as he recorded the testimony of a citizen of al-Mahdiyya on Ifriqya's events the same year.
This work was used as a primary source by Abu'l-Fida, Ibn al-Athir, Ibn Idhari, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Khallikan, al-Tijani, al-Maqrizi and al-Nuwayri.
The We Alliance was a liberal political alliance of two political parties in Armenia: the Republic Party and the Free Democrats.
The alliance was formed on 10 November 2018, leaders of both parties held a signing ceremony in Yerevan where a memorandum of cooperation was initialed.
During the election campaign, the Free Democrats advocated that Armenia should withdraw its membership from the Eurasian Union and pursue closer relations with the EU.
The Republic Party also campaigned on the platform that Armenia should withdraw from the Eurasian Union and the Collective Security Treaty Organization.
The alliance also supported the development of a Western style democracy, rule of law and a sustainable civil society in Armenia as well as developing a stronger liberal market economy.
Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions is a result in additive combinatorics concerning the existence of arithmetic progressions in subsets of the natural numbers.
Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions (infinite version): A subset of the natural numbers with positive upper density contains a 3-term arithmetic progression.
An alternate, more qualitative, formulation of the theorem is concerned with the maximum size of a Salem-Spencer set which is a subset of formula_3.
The first result in this direction was Van der Waerden's theorem in 1927, which states that for sufficiently large N, coloring the integers formula_8 with formula_9 colors will result in a formula_10 term arithmetic progression.
Later on in 1936 Erdős and Turán conjectured a much stronger result that any subset of the integers with positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.
a set with no 3-term arithmetic progressions) of size formula_11, disproving an additional conjecture of Erdős and Turán that formula_12 for some formula_13.
In 1953, Roth partially resolved the initial conjecture by proving they must contain an arithmetic progression of length 3 using Fourier analytic methods.
Given the formula_40 from step 1, we first show that it's possible to split up formula_43 into relatively large subprogressions such that the character formula_44 is roughly constant on each subprogression.
By Lemma 2, we can always continue the process whenever formula_77 and thus when the process terminates we have that formula_78 Also, note that when we pass to a subprogression, the size of our set decreases by a cube root.
An extension of this proof eluded mathematicians for decades until 1998, when Timothy Gowers developed the field of higher-order Fourier Analysis specifically to generalize the above proof to prove Szemerédi's theorem.
Then the Szemerédi regularity lemma says that for every formula_94, there exists a constant formula_95 such that every graph has an formula_86-regular partition into at most formula_95 parts.
Triangle Counting Lemma: Let formula_83 be a graph and formula_100 be subsets of the vertices of formula_83 such that formula_102 are all formula_86-regular pairs for some formula_104.
Using the triangle counting lemma and the Szemerédi regularity lemma, we can prove the triangle removal lemma, a special case of the graph removal lemma.
Triangle Removal Lemma: For all formula_104, there exists formula_13 such that any graph on formula_114 vertices with less than or equal to formula_115 triangles can be made triangle-free by removing at most formula_116 edges.
This has an interesting corollary pertaining to graphs formula_83 on formula_118 vertices where every edge of formula_83 lies in a unique triangle.
This construction is set up so that if formula_109 form a triangle, then we get elements formula_135 that all belong to formula_19.
Furstenberg and Katznelson used ergodic theory to prove a multidimensional version and Leibman and Bergelson extended it to polynomial progressions as well.
There is another conjecture of Erdős asking whether any set formula_19 such that formula_143 diverges must contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.
Consider the finite field formula_148, and let formula_149 be the size of the largest subset of formula_148 which contains no 3-term arithmetic progression.
This problem is actually equivalent to the cap set problem, which asks for the largest subset of formula_148 such that no 3 points lie on a line.
In 1982, Brown and Buhler were the first to show that formula_152 In 1995, Roy Mesuhlam used a similar technique to the Fourier-analytic proof of Roth's theorem to show that formula_153 This bound was improved to formula_154 in 2012 by Bateman and Katz.
In 2016, Ernie Croot, Vsevolod Lev, Péter Pál Pach, Jordan Ellenberg and Dion Gijswijt developed a new technique based on the polynomial method to prove that formula_155.
Another generalization of Roth's Theorem shows that for positive density subsets, there not only exists a 3-term arithmetic progression, but that there exist many 3-APs all with the same common difference.
The popular differences theorem thus states that for each formula_24 with positive density, there is some formula_167 such that the number of 3-APs with common difference formula_167 is close to what we would expect.
This theorem was first proven by Green in 2005, who gave a bound of formula_171 where formula_172 is the tower function.
It was the only serious action in the First Bishops' War, and therefore the first serious action in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
It was also the first serious action fought by James Graham, 5th Earl of Montrose, an important commander in these wars.
In the 1630s, King Charles attempted to force religious reformation in Scotland, aiming to increase his control of the Scottish church through the bishops, and bring it inline with the English church.
He did, belatedly, offer to withdraw the prayer book, along with other concessions, but opposition to him had grown to such a level that the concessions were rejected, and instead the Scottish church voted to abolish bishops.
Charles opted to seek a military solution, and began the First Bishops' War, hoping that an army of over 40,000 men could be gathered from England, Scotland and Ireland, and that in the face of such a force, the Scottish would submit without engaging in battle.
After a failed offensive at Megray Hill on 15 June, James Gordon, Viscount Aboyne retreated to Aberdeen, but was split from the main body of his army: most of it was stranded on the other side of the River Dee, and between the two was James Graham, Earl of Montrose and his Covenanter army.
The Covenanters were approaching Aberdeen from the south, and in response, Aboyne posted a hundred musketeers on the bridge, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Johnstone.
On 18 June, the Covenanter army, numbering 2,000 infantry, 300 horse and artillery, reached the bridge and began their attack, primarily relying on their artillery.
Firing on the barricade all through the day had minimal impact, and Montrose observed that efforts the next day produced no further breakthrough.
The Covenanters took Aberdeen, though the city remained more sympathetic to the beaten Royalists, and many of the Covenanters proposed razing the city, which Montrose prevented.
The day after the victory, Montrose received news that the Treaty of Berwick had been agreed, ending the First Bishops' War.
The 2017 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 15th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Bogota, Colombia from November 24 to November 26, 2017.
It was officially founded by the combination of other institutions on January 1st, 2020 by the Décret published on October 28, 2019.
The École pratique de service social - EPSS and the Institut libre d'éducation physique supérieur - ILEPS will become component institutions of the new university.
All the former undergraduate faculties of the University of Cergy-Pontoise will be reorganised as a new undergraduate school which will be named CY SUP.
It is set to end on December 18, 2019, after airing a four episode season, making it the shortest season in the series history.
Along with selling food teams must also participate in a variety of challenges which can either help or harm them by having positive or negative responses based on the challenge results.
The team with the least amount of money at the end of each weekend is eliminated from their competition and is required to return their food truck before leaving.
Creole Queens, New Orleans, Louisiana - An all female team of married couple Tryshell and Raven, with extra support from their friend Ariana.
This is the first team in the race's history to be operated by a same-sex couple, these girls bring both the party and the culture of The Big Easy with food, love, and the overall experience found in New Orleans.
Lia's LUMPIA, San Diego, California - Run by a popular catering company and pop-up restaurant, this team consists of head chef Spencer, Tania, and Spencer's sous chef/mother Benelia.
Magical Mystery Heroes, Butler County, Ohio - Self-said eclectic cook Matt, his wife/sous chef Hannah, and his cousin/front-of-the-house man Chris are the employees behind this food truck.
Slap Shot, Bemidji, Minnesota - Another all female team, sisters Annika and Michaela, with their mother Sheila, come from a region with cold temperatures that rival that of New England.
With a name as an ode to hockey, they serve up gourmet hockey-rink concessions faire, as the girls aim to give the everyone on the US a taste of the Midwest.
The second episode began filming in Portsmouth, New Hampshire on February 24, 2019 at Shapleigh Middle School, and continued on February 25 in Market Square.
Episode three filmed at the Killington Ski Resort Snowshed Base Area in Killington, Vermont on March 2, 2019 before moving to Rutland, Vermont on March 3.
The final episode began filming on March 9, 2019 with a special kick-off event at Newport Vineyards in Newport, Rhode Island, the season then concluded filming on March 10.
It is one of the technical colleges that are governed by the Technical and Vocational Training Corporation (TVTC), the government provider of training in the kingdom.
Big Snow American Dream is an indoor skiing and snowboarding park within the American Dream Meadowlands shopping and entertainment complex, at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, that opened on December 5, 2019.
The original plans for the mall had included an indoor ski slope, which was advertised as the United States' first indoor Alpine ski resort.
On February 1, 2011, following a month of heavy snowfall, observers found that of the slope's eastern wall had been damaged, and a horizontal crease had formed on the wall.
Two days later, as workers tried to melt the snow on the ski slope's roof, about of the eastern wall had collapsed under the weight of the snowfall accumulation.
In 2018, Triple Five announced that the ski slope would open the following December as part of the mall's phased opening, which would take place between 2019 and 2020.
On December 5, 2019, Big Snow American Dream opened with an event attended by skiers and snowboarders such as Donna Weinbrecht, Lindsey Vonn, Red Gerard, and Ben Ferguson.
The trails are served by four lifts: two carpet lifts serving the Lil Dipper, and a quad chairlift and platter surface lift serving Northern Lights and Switchback.
During this time, Sardar Chuhar Singh and Rai Singh Bhangi of the village took part in Battle of Sirhind (1764) against Mughal Governor Zain Khan Sirhindi.
It operates under the new scheme of the Punjab Government with special purposes of raising the standard of higher education especially in the rural areas.
The Temptation of Saint Anthony or The Torment of Saint Anthony is a c.1521-1525 oil on panel painting by Giovanni Gerolamo Savoldo, now in the Timken Museum of Art in San Diego.
Originally produced for a private studiolo, it is a homage to the work of Hieronymus Bosch, which Savoldo would have seen in cardinal Domenico Grimani's collection in Venice.
is a humorous party card game in which players propose caption cards as a match to a designated photo (or meme) card.
The judge of the round chooses the caption that they think is the best match to photo card, and whoever played that card gets a point.
The game was created by Elliot Tebele and Ben Kaplan in 2016, and in 2017 was the 9th best selling game on Amazon.
During Adolf Frederick's weakened rule in the age of liberty of the Swedish 18th century with its absence of a single governor, greater decision-making space for the parliament, and decline of the monarchy led to an increase in the importance of the Riksdag.
The Ostrobothnian priest Anders Chydenius was a driving force and author behind one of the three pleas for freedom of the press submitted to parliament.
At the time of King Gustav III accession, the Swedish Riksdag held more power than the monarchy; however, the Swedish Riksdag was divided between the two rival parties: the Hats and Caps.
Two years later, the Act was largely rolled back when he presented an alternative Freedom of the Press Act, leaving it to the king's discretion to determine what gets printed.
The 2019 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election was held on November 5, 2019, and was preceded by a primary on September 10, 2019.
In 2015, he became a head coach for Bashkimi Prizren, while in 2016, he took the head coach position in Sigal Prishtina.
On 24 April 2019, Mijović was hired the head coach for Budućnost after Jasmin Repeša resigned after a loss in the ABA League Finals.
Kevin Manuel Rivera Allende, known professionally as Kevvo (stylized as KEVVO), is a Puerto Rican reggaeton singer and rapper from Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
He first came to prominence with his song 105F, which included a remix with multiple notable reggaeton artists such as Ñengo Flow, Myke Towers, Darell, Chencho Corleone, Arcangel, Farruko, and others.
He said that some of his inspirations were Cosculluela, Daddy Yankee, Arcángel, Ñengo Flow, and Farruko, because he grew up hearing their music.
A full member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences since 1909, he was an expert on the literary and cultural heritage of the Bogomils.
He was the author of several fundamental historical works revealing the Bulgarian character of Macedonia, and the author of many studies on his hometown and region.
From 1892 to 1894 he specialized at the University of Lausanne, where he became acquainted with the languages and literatures of the Romance peoples, studied Latin and Latin paleography, and learned French.
From 1906 to 1908 he was secretary of the Bulgarian Trade Agency in Thessaloniki, enabling him to travel through Macedonia, to study its history, ethnography, and written monuments.
In 1909 he held a teaching position at the Department of Bulgarian and Slavic Literature at Sofia University, and in 1925 he was made a full professor.
He taught courses in French, Bulgarian literature from the 9th to 18th centuries, Bogomil literature, Slavic paleography, Serbian literature, and Bulgarian folk poetry.
From 1920–1923 and again from 1927–1930, he was posted as a professor of Bulgarian language at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales in Paris, which laid the foundation for Cyrillo-Methodian Studies in France.
The Muddiman Committee or the Reforms Enquiry Committee (1924) was a committee lead by Sir Alexander Muddinman, organized by the British and Indian government, to meet the demand of Indian leaders in the context of Indians new Purna Swaraj declaration (India's Independence).
This committee would aid in investigating the diarchy issue on the Constitution as set up in 1921 under the Indian Council Act of 1919.
The Minority Report declared by nonofficials that the Act of 1919 had failed, and that they need a Constitution that has a permanent basis with a provision for automatic progress in the future.
The skipjack trevally is steely-blue in colour with an obvious, sharply demarcated, all-black spot with on the upper margin of the operculum which has roughly the same diameter as the pupil.
The skipjack trevally is endemic to Australia where it occurs from southern New South Wales and the Bass Strait between Victoria and Tasmania to the waters around Rottnest Island in Western Australia.
The 2016 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 14th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Wrocław, Poland from November 25 to November 27, 2016.
According to eighteenth-century engravings of the painting and another earlier version of the subject both may have originally been as much as a foot higher at the top.
Richard de Oliveira Costa (born 1 March 1991), simply known as Richard, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Ceará as a goalkeeper.
Girls Do Not Joke (Italian: Ragazze non scherzate) is a 1929 Italian silent comedy film directed by Alfred Lind and starring Leda Gloria, Maurizio D'Ancora and Giuseppe Pierozzi.
Since 2004, Brathwaite has toured over 200 colleges throughout the United States and Europe with the ill-Literacy artists collective and been a featured performer at the Los Angeles Get Down Festival.
Brathwaite is a presenter through the CalArts initiative ArtChangeUS: Arts in a Changing America and a U.S. State Department International Exchange Fellowship's OneBeat Fellow, through which he has performed for the State Department's hip-hop diplomacy program, Next Level.
The role, which placed him on Team Uzbekistan, has taken him to Guatemala, Israel, Nigeria, the Philippines, Turkey, and the Dominican Republic.
It was with his encounter with the law, having been racially profiled and brought to court, that solidified his agnosticism, and that he was no longer Christian; the experience reignited his troubled sensibility over rituals that are never explained.
Brathwaite has cited Judaism as a religion that he believes does a better job at linking historical and biblical events to religious practice.
Because meditation was an Eastern practice, and the way that I stretch probably looks like Islamic prayer to some people, and then I pray sometimes just in that Catholic form.
Fresh out of college in 2008, Brathwaite was pulled over by a police officer while driving in a case of racial profiling.
The officer found four stems of hallucinogenic mushrooms in Brathwaite's vehicle and arrested him; Brathwaite was subsequently made out to be an addict in court, even though he was not, and was placed in a court-mandated drug rehabilitation program, with the threat of a felony hanging over him if he did not comply.
Venues have included Los Angeles's REDCAT Theatre; Sonoma State University's Persons Theater; Arizona's Mesa Arts Center; the Price Center at the University of California, San Diego; Georgia Tech; Florida's Asolo Repertory Theatre; the Greenway Court Theatre; Connecticut's University of Saint Joseph; and Montana's Myrna Loy Theatre.
In 1948 the Legislative Council was replaced with the Legislativ Assembly, to which Stowers was elected as sole elected representative of the Labour Party.
He was a member of the Hughes Aircraft Company High Achiever Student program, where he worked on the Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar system.
Alongside transforming diversity within the department, Messac helped to raise Syracuse twelve positions in the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking.
In 2010 Messac returned to Haiti after the 2010 Haiti earthquake where he met Nannette Canniff, founder of the St Boniface Haiti Foundation (SBHF).
In 2013 he joined Mississippi State University, where he held the Earnest W. and Mary Ann Deavenport, Jr., Chair and Dean of Engineering.
During his time as Dean he led the re-accreditation of the architecture program and improving the national ranking of Howard University programs.
In the three years since he was elected Dean, Howard University has risen 66 positions in the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Rankings.
He married poet Maria Ana Acciaioli Tamagnini and died during his third term as governor of the former Portuguese colony of Macao.
His third term was much more difficult to perform than the other two because in the latter term he had to prepare Macau to face World War II and negotiate with the Japanese to respect the neutrality of this small Portuguese colony.
Gurdwara Shaheed Bhai Taru Singh (Punjabi and ) is a Sikh temple at Naulakha Bazaar in Lahore, Pakistan, which commemorates the spot where Bhai Taru Singh was martyred.
Gurudwara is situated at the place where Bhai Taru Singh was martyred by Zakariya Khan when he had his head scalped rather than cutting his hair or converting to Islam in 1975.
After cutting Bhai Taru Singh's scalp it is said that Zakaria Khan was stricken with unbearable pain and the inability to urinate.
As a last resort, Khan sent an apology to the Khalsa Panth for his persecution of Sikhs and begged for forgiveness.
Although hitting himself with Bhai Taru Singh's shoe did cure the Khan's condition, he died 22 days later from having hit himself with the shoes, which is what Bhai Taru Singh had predicted.
Upon hearing the death of Khan and that he had outlived the Khan, Taru Singh also died on 1 July 1745.
Since 2012, the Market committee of Naulakha Bazaar led by Sohail Butt group has encroached upon more than 90% land of Gurdwara Shaheed Bhai Taru Singh by constructing a Mazar inside the Gurdwara complex and separated the Gurdwara by cloth partition leaving just 18 to 20 square yard of land out of original 600 square yard land.
On 16 July 2011, Sikhs were not allowed to pray at Gurdwara by Muslims because to holy day Shab e-Barat and the martyrdom anniversary of Bhai Taru Singh fell on the same day.
It is equally distant from Métro stations Bourse (Line 3) and Palais Royal – Musée du Louvre (Lines 1 and 7).
The street was established in 1784 on a part of the former Palais-Royal Garden when the Duke of Orléans had the stone galleries built.
The 2015 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 13th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Bangkok, Thailand from November 20 to November 22, 2015.
Another study for the work is in the Pontus de la Gardia collection in Switzerland, whilst a late 16th century copy of the painting by Lomazzo is now in the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana.
At that time it was attributed to an unknown Venetian artist, though it was later reattributed to Tintoretto and then back to Savoldo.
Dreams Rewired (German title: Mobilisierung der Träume) is a 2015 Austrian/German/British feature documentary/essay film that reflects on the desires and anxieties provoked by contemporary information technologies, using archival footage from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
It is notable for including several previously unseen or newly restored films, including excerpts from the recently discovered version of Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin with the original 1925 score by Edmund Meisel.
Eschewing a traditional; chronology of technological development, the film traces several trajectories through the electric information age, including that of the changing economic and cultural status of women.
The film premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam 2015 and had a limited theatrical release in the US and Europe.
The film is distributed on DVD by Icarus Films (North America) and absolutMEDIEN (Germany), and is available to stream via iTunes (USA and Canada) and Amazon.
The Margaret Herrick Library at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences holds a copy of the film transcript in its permanent Core Collection.
The soundtrack by Austrian composer Siegfried Friedrich was nominated for Best Music at the Austrian Film Awards, and won the German Documentary Film Music Award.
From 1898 to 1900, he specialized in Indo-German linguistics, philosophy and literature in Germany (Leipzig and Berlin) under August Leskien, Ernst Windisch, Karl Brugmann, Wilhelm Wundt, Karl Friedrich Geldner.
From 1903 to 1904 he specialized in Prague, where he defended his doctoral dissertation in philosophy, Slavic studies and indology under Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Josef Zubatý, Jiří Polívka.
Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1929), the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, the Hungarian Literary Academy Petöfi, Honorary Doctor of Science at the Heidelberg University (1936) and Münster University (1943).
Found on the terminal bud of a branch, it is initially green and as it matures darkens to dark brown; falling to the ground in the winter.
This species has been found in some western and central European countries but is absent from Belgium, Germany, Spain and Switzerland.
Since 1910 it has been in the Galleria Borghese after the Galleria's director Giulio Cantalamessa saw the work in a private house in Tivoli and corrected its misattribution to Titian It hangs in the Sala dell Aurora.
In the mathematical theory of probability, the Heyde theorem  is the characterization theorem concerning the normal distribution (the Gaussian distribution) by the symmetry of one linear form given another.
If the conditional distribution of the linear form formula_5 given formula_6 is symmetric then all random variables formula_7 have normal distributions (Gaussian distributions).
A long series of criminal investigations have occurred in Brazil associated with Operation Car Wash, since the first one began in March 2014.
Operation Car Wash () is an ongoing investigation into money laundering and political corruption in Brazil, which has been led by investigative judges, and carried out by the Federal Police.
Politicians from Brazil's largest parties, including former presidents of Brazil, presidents of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, and state governors are involved, as well as businessmen from large Brazilian companies.
Originally a money laundering investigation, it expanded to cover allegations of corruption at the state-controlled oil company Petrobras, where executives allegedly accepted bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices.
The investigation later spread well beyond its origins in the state of Rio de Janeiro to include systemic kickbacks in many sectors and levels of the Brazilian business world.
More than £1.4 billion was siphoned from the economy, but Global Witness says that the cost to the country is as much as 800% more.
The goal of the investigation is to ascertain the extent of a money laundering scheme, estimated to be (US$– billion), largely through embezzlement of Petrobras funds.
At least eleven other countries, mostly in Latin America, were involved, and the Brazilian companies JBS S.A. and Odebrecht were also deeply implicated.
On 14 July 2015, the Federal Police started Operation Politeia, issuing 53 search and seizure warrants at the homes of politicians involved in the Petrobras corruption scheme.
In addition to Collor search and arrest warrants were served on Senators Fernando Bezerra Coelho (PSB-PE) and (PP-PI), Federal Deputy (PP-PE), former Minister of Cities Mário Negromonte (PP-BA) and former Federal Deputy (PP-SC).
On 25 November 2015, the Federal Police arrested Senator Delcídio do Amaral for trying to impede the (rewarded collaboration) of former Petrobras director about the senator's alleged participation in irregularities in the purchase of Pasadena Refining System in the state of Texas.
Police said in 2015 that they had found evidence of $15 million in bribes related to the purchase of the refinery Petrobras first held a 50% share of the refinery, then later bought the other half as well, as a result of a dispute with its partner, Astra Oil, which had purchased the entire refinery in 2005 for $42.5 million USD.
In January 2019 Petrobras signed a sale agreement for their interest in Pasadena Refinery, as well as three refineries he in Brazil, Abreu e Lima (RNEST), (RLAM), Presidente Getúlio Vargas (REPAR) and Alberto Pasqualini (REFAP).
Cervero was sentenced 17 August 2015 to 12 years in prison for money laundering and corruption for a bribe paid to the speaker of the lower house by Samsung Heavy Industries for two drillship contracts.
Cervero had previously been sentenced to five years for using a shell company to launder money stolen from Petrobras and buy a luxury apartment in Rio de Janeiro.
According to investigators, Delcídio offered Cerveró an opportunity to escape, so that he wouldn't testify against him in return for a reduced sentence.
A recording made by Cerveró's son showed the Senator's intention to interfere in the investigations and offer the former executive escape so that he would not talk.
In addition to Delcídio do Amaral and his chief of staff, two others were also arrested in the affair; banker André Esteves, then CEO of BTG Pactual, and Nestor Cerveró's defense lawyer Edson Ribeiro.
BTG is Latin America's largest investment bank, and Delcídio had been head of the Senate economic affairs committee, deeply involved with proposed austerity measures.
On 8 December 2015, Operation Craton, an offshoot of Operation Car Wash launched to combat the illegal exploitation of diamonds on Cinta Larga indigenous lands in Rondônia.
Warrants were served in the Federal District, Rondônia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Mato Grosso and Pará.
The president of Construtora OAS, Elmar Varjão, was held in São Paulo, and executives of Coesa Engenharia, Barbosa Melo and , were arrested in the operation.
The value of the investigated contracts is R$ 680 million ($).The Federal Police also pointed to the participation of , a company belonging to former Minister José Dirceu, arrested in Operation Car Wash.
The Federal Police's regional superintendent in Pernambuco, Marcelo Diniz, said the PF had found a transfer of R$ 586,000 ($) from Galvão Engenharia to JD Consultoria.
Police also carried out a search and arrest warrants at the homes of Federal Deputy (PMDB -Ceará) and Minister of Science and Technology .
Others involved in the operation are Senator Edison Lobão (PMDB – Maranhão), former Minister of Mines and Energy; Henrique Eduardo Alves (PMDB – Rio Grande do Norte), then Minister of Tourism and , a former president of Transpetro named by PMDB.
The lawsuit relates to investigations into a bribery scheme involving the Dutch company SBM Offshore and the Brazilian state-owned oil company.
According to the investigations, Petroserv received transfers of 3% to 5% of games contracts from Petrobras and, of this total, sent 1% to accounts of companies abroad.
In June this year, former SBM representative in Brazil Júlio Faerman, whistleblower and one of the scheme operators investigated by Lava Jato.
A month earlier, CPI members went to London to gather testimony from Jonathan David Taylor, a former SBM director who reported irregularities in contracts signed between the Dutch company and Petrobras.
On 26 February 2016, Operation Recipient () investigated an alleged bribery and fraud scheme in the construction of the and based on evidence gathered in Operation Car Wash.
The operation, by the Federal Prosecutor's Office and the Federal Police in Goiás, targeted contracts signed between the state-owned company , responsible for railway construction, and contractors investigated in the oil industry, such as Odebrecht, Brazilian industrial conglomerate , , , , , among others.
The Federal Police discovered, through analysis of documents from the Acarajé operation, cash payments to third parties indicated by senior Odebrecht executives, using financial operators in the parallel foreign exchange market to make illegal payments.
On May 20, 2016, PF launched Operation Janus, focusing on international influence peddling at Odebrecht S.A. and in the family of the former president Lula.
The intention of the investigation was to verify whether contracts of a company, which belongs to Taiguara, were used with Odebrecht for the payment of undue advantages.
On 23 June 2016, the Federal Police launched Operation Brazil Cost, with searches in São Paulo, Curitiba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul, and with the arrest of the former Minister of Planning of the and of Communications in the first , Paulo Bernardo.
The Federal Police suspected a R$ 100 million ($) bribe by this company in a contract assignment scheme at the Ministry of Planning when Paulo Bernardo was minister.
In the same operation, agents of the Federal Police seized computers, documents and archival material at the headquarters of the national executive committee of the Workers' Party in downtown São Paulo.
These operations were carried out for the Center for the Fight against Corruption of the Goiás Federal Public Prosecutor's Office, the Federal Police Superintendency in Goiás State, and for the Superintendency General of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE).
On 30 June 2016, the Federal Police launched Operation Raider () in conjunction with the Federal Public Prosecutor, investigating a $ 370 million money laundering organization centered on Governor Sérgio Cabral (PMDB).
One of the targets, contractor Fernando Cavendish, owner of , who had been out of the country, was arrested as he landed at .
The scheme involved embezzlement of funds for major public works, such as construction of the for the 2007 Pan American Games and renovation and construction for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
The other targets were Joesley Batista, one of the partners of J&F Investimentos, Eldorado, J&F Investimentos' pulp arm, lobbyist Milton Lira, Cone Multimodal, a multimodal logistics and industrial infrastructure company, and , entrepreneur, co-founder of Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes (Gol).
On 6 July 2016, Federal Police started Operation Pripyat to dismantle a gang that was active in the Eletronuclear subsidiary of Eletrobras responsible for nuclear power generation.
One of the main targets of the operation was Vice Admiral , former president of the state-owned company, who served time under house arrest.
The action was an offshoot of Operation Car Wash that uncovered a corruption scheme in the electricity sector similar to that of Petrobras in the oil sector, and was conducted by the 7th Federal Criminal Court of Rio de Janeiro.
The brothers' financial center operated for at least three major contractors, Andrade Gutierrez, Delta and Odebrecht, in projects such as the construction of the Angra III nuclear power plant, the renovation of Maracanã Stadium for the 2014 World Cup and the implementation of the , in Itaboraí.
They had companies such as JSM Engineering and Earthworks, SP Earthworks and Legend, whose sole purpose was to issue and spread the fake invoices.
On , the Federal Police launched , which involved Vital do Rêgo , the then minister of the Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), and Marco Maia, federal deputy and former president of the Chamber of Deputies.
The targets of this new operation were suspected of having negotiated bribes with contractors targeted by the into Petrobras, which was initiated in the National Congress in .
According to the investigators, there was evidence that Vital do Rêgo requested R$ 5 million ($) from contractors for his campaign for governor of Paraíba state.
Brazilian civil engineering conglomerate donated half of that quantity to the National Directorate of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB), the political party with which the TCU minister was affiliated.
In October 2016, Pìnheiro's attorney delivered evidence to Judge Sérgio Moro that, in his view, proved that bribes had been paid to Vital.
Delegations of Andrade Gutierrez executives named Jonas Lopes, showing that he was one of the ones who benefited most by the dual payment scheme in major projects of the Rio de Janeiro government, as revealed by .
They found a cell phone at Eduardo Cunha's home that contained, among other things, messages exchanged between the former deputy and Geddel Vieira Lima.
Geddel served as Vice President of Corporate Affairs at Caixa Econômica Federal between 2011 and 2013, a period investigated by the Federal Police.
One of the topics of inquiry was the payment of a 16.5 million dollar bribe by Eike Batista and Flávio Godinho (already under arrest) of EBX Group, to former governor Sergio Cabral of Rio de Janeiro using the Golden Rock account in Panama's TAG Bank.
During his administration as governor, he collected more than 100 million reals ($ million) in bribes, distributed among several accounts in banks in tax havens abroad.. At least eleven other accounts were identified..
The Federal Police served search and seizure warrants at about 40 addresses from those already arrested and others who gave testimony, and to companies investigated in that inquiry.
According to the Federal Police, the Federal Public Prosecution Service has already repatriated about 270 million reals ($ million), which are available to the Federal Court in an open account at Caixa Econômica Federal.
It was an offshoot of Operation Calicute, one of the phases of Operation Car Wash. Ary Ferreira da Costa Filho, former special adviser to Sérgio Cabral, was arrested on the Presidente Dutra Highway in Rio de Janeiro.
At his arrest, he was suspected of fleeing, having been found with three thousand reals ($) and a copy of his US visa.
On 16 February 2017, the Federal Police launched Operation Leviathan () to serve search and seizure warrants in the homes and offices of people being investigated for kickbacks in the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant in Pará, based on evidence collected from Operation Car Wash.
Among the targets of the operation were the former senator from Pará (Brazilian Democratic Movement; PMDB) and the son of Senator Edison Lobão (PMDB-MA), Márcio Lobão.
The searches were related to an inquiry underway at the Court to investigate payment by the Belo Monte consortium companies of a 1% bribe from the values of the plant's works to the Workers' Party (PT) and the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB).
On March 14, 2017, the Federal Police launched Operation Tolypeutes against a bribery and money laundering scheme in civil works contracts in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in particular in the construction of the Rio de Janeiro Metro Line 4.
Investigations demonstrated the participation of the former Under Secretary of Transport of the State of Rio de Janeiro and of the director of the Rio de Janeiro Rail Transport Company (Riotrilhos) in the criminal enterprise, which sought out contractors interested in taking on infrastructure construction in the state, who would agree to in order to guarantee being hired for the services.
On March 21, 2017, the Federal Police launched Operation Satellite serving fourteen warrants at thirteen addresses in the cities of Brasilia, Maceió, Recife, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador.
The objective was to investigate evidence of active and passive corruption and money laundering crimes involving nonpolitical targets, but linked to senators Renan Calheiros (Brazilian Democratic Movement-Alagoas), Senate president Eunício Oliveira (Brazilian Democratic Movement-Ceará), Valdir Raupp (Brazilian Democratic Movement-Rondônia) and Humberto Costa (Workers' Party-Pernambuco).
Aloysio Neves (current president) was the target of pre-trial detention; as were , , Marco Antonio Alencar, son of former governor of Rio de Janeiro and former mayor of Rio de Janeiro Marcello Alencar, and José Maurício Nolasco.
According to the accusation of one of the counselors, the state president and deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro, (MDB), is suspected of organizing payments to the five TCE advisers arrested in the operation.
Members of the Court received 15% of the amounts released by the court's Modernization Fund for payment of overdue bills from food providers for inmates and adolescents undergoing detention measures.
On April 11, 2017, the Federal Police launched Operation Exposed Invoice (), which placed the former Secretary of Health of the State of Rio de Janeiro under arrest, accused of involvement in the millionaire corruption scheme run by the former state governor .
The scheme revealed involved fraud at both the State Health Secretariat and the (INTO), of which Côrtes was director, with the directing of bids in exchange for payment of bribes.
The operation had the collaboration of a whistleblower who worked with Côrtes in the respective bodies of the Health Department and that the deviations coud reach 37 million reals ($ million).
On April 27, 2017, the Federal Police launched the second phase of Operation Satellites, which targeted people linked to politicians who were under investigation by the Supreme Federal Court.
One of the targets of the Federal Police action was attorney Bruno Mendes, linked to Senator Renan Calheiros (Brazilian Democratic Movement).
Moreover, the investigations highlighted the trafficking practiced by characters surrounding other politicians of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB) in Alagoas, Tocantins, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe and Roraima.
On 18 May 2017, the Federal Police and the Federal Public Prosecution Service carried out search and seizure warrants at properties linked to Senator Aécio Neves in Rio de Janeiro, the Federal District and Minas Gerais, and at his office in Congress.
The warrants were issued by Minister Edson Fachin as a result of testimony given by brothers Joesley and Wesley Batista, owners of JBS S.A., in return for prosecutorial leniency.
The operation served an warrant of pre-trial detention against Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ), in the Medical-Penal Complex (CMP) in Curitiba where he is serving a sentence for his conviction in Operation Car Wash.
Batista told the authorities that Neves implied that the money would be used to pay for his defence in the Lava Jato (Carwash) investigations but the money never went to his lawyers.
Instead, part of the money, received by the senator's cousin, ended up in a company owned by Zezé Perrella, an old friend of Aécio who was also implicated in the biggest drug traffic scandal in Brazilian History.
On 25 May 2017, the Federal Police and the Federal Public Ministry launched an operation, called Back on Track (), against money laundering involving bribes in the construction of the .
The operation was based on agreements between the Public Ministry and the civil engineering conglomerates Camargo Corrêa and Andrade Gutierrez, who admitted they paid bribes to Juquinha das Nevez, former president of Valec.
Furthermore, the operation was based on investigations by the Federal Police, which discovered the identification and location of part of the illicit assets kept hidden in the name of others.
Masan had several food supply contracts with the government of the state of Rio de Janeiro and received about R$ 700 million ($ million) over the previous ten years.
According to investigations, Marco de Luca paid at least R$12.5 million ($ million) in kickbacks to the criminal organization led by Cabral to win these contracts.
On June 1, 2017, the Federal Police carried out Operation Hidden Figure, to investigate electoral crimes and money laundering during the 2012 campaign of Fernando Haddad for Mayor of São Paulo.
It is one of the offshoots of Operation Car Wash, which began in 2015, after the Supreme Federal Court the plea deal () of executives of the company .
The inquest examined the payment of debts by the contractor related to one of the slates of candidates in the campaign for the 2012 São Paulo municipal elections, regarding graphic services in the amount of R$ 2.6 million ($ thousand).
According to the Police, the debt was allegedly paid through a money exchanger () in bank transfers and cash, to companies.
However, in the accountability to Superior Electoral Court (TSE), another contract for provision of graphic services amounted to R$ 252,900 ($), amounts well below the sum of R$ 2,600,000 ($), which were allegedly paid by contractor UTC Engineering to the printers.
The operation investigated active and passive corruption and money laundering in the construction of Arena das Dunas in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte with a surcharge that reached $ 77 million.
According to the Federal Police, bribes were identified through official donations between 2012 and 2014, as well as donations to the 2014 campaign for personal benefit.
On June 8, 2017, the Civil Police of Rio de Janeiro State (PCERJ) performed a major operation to investigate crimes of corruption and money laundering in the regional power utility Eletrobrás Furnas.
Twenty-five search and seizure warrants were served at the company's headquarters in Botafogo and at other addresses involving management positions at companies contracted by the utility.
In Rio de Janeiro, the operation was coordinated by the Finance Police (), with the support of fifteen specialized precincts of the DGPE, the Anticorruption Coordination Unit of the Laboratory for Technology and Money Laundering of PCERJ, and the .
On July 3, 2017, a new operation (End Point; ) served nine pre-trial and three temporary arrest warrants, as well as 30 search and seizure warrants against the Rio de Janeiro state road transport leadership.
The action was based on the depositions, in return for sentence reduction, of former State Court of Justice Jonas Lopes de Carvalho Filho, and money changer and operator Álvaro Novis from Operation Efficiency.
Lopes had been sentenced to seven years of house arrest, community service and probation as part of Operation Fifth of Gold, in which five of seven ministers of the (TCE) were charged with corruption.
The operation investigated bribes from bus entrepreneurs to politicians and transport inspectors in Rio de Janeiro, pointing out that former governor Sérgio Cabral received $ 122.85 million through his right hand operative, .
On 13 June 2017, he was sentenced to 14 years and two months of imprisonment for passive corruption and money laundering.
Bretas arrested him again and he spent 14 months in jail until his release by Bretas in September 2018 with an ankle monitor and instructions not to leave Paraíba do Sul, where he was mayor.
In total, the action resulted in the arrest of 10 people linked to public transport in the state for embezzling about R$ 500 million at the behest of the former governor.
On August 3, 2017, the Federal Police carried out a new operation called Rio 40 Degrees that resulted in the arrest of Alexandre Pinto, former municipal Secretary of Public Works for the city of Rio de Janeiro in the administration of Eduardo Paes.
The agents served ten arrest warrants, nine of which were in Rio de Janeiro and one in Pernambuco, where the arrest of Laudo Aparecido Dalla Costa Ziani, son-in-law of the former deputy , was confirmed.
The MPF prosecutors are based on the corruption complaint against the contractor Carioca Engenharia, involving payment of kickbacks and diversion of funds in the construction of the bus corridor Transcarioca, which cost R$ 2 billion ($ million), and the drainage of streams in the Basin of Jacarepaguá.
The operation reached Rio City Hall because it began to investigate not only the criminal organization that, according to investigators, was headed by former governor Sérgio Cabral, but also the criminal organization that had links with the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB) throughout the state of Rio de Janeiro.
On 9 August 2017, the Federal Police carried out a new operation, in an offshoot of Operation End Point, to arrest two construction entrepreneurs suspected of hiding the assets of the former president of the Rio de Janeiro Department of Road Transport, Rogério Onofre.
According to the investigations, Onofre and his wife, Dayse Neves, bought 11 properties that belonged to the businessmen, but declared only 50% of the real cost of the acquisitions in the registry.
On 5 September 2017, the Federal Police and the Federal Public Prosecution Service carried out an operation to investigate a vote-buying scheme for the election of Rio de Janeiro as host of the 2016 Olympic Games.
Two preventive arrest warrants and eleven search and seizure warrants were served in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguaçu (RJ) and Paris, France.
One of the targets of search and seizure was the president of the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB), Carlos Arthur Nuzman, investigated for allegedly paying a bribe of US$ 1.5 million.
According to the Federal Prosecutor's Office (MPF), Nuzman attempted to regularize 16 one-kilo gold bars after the first phase of the operation.
Also according to the MPF, over ten years Nuzman's equity grew 457 percent, part of this money going to an offshore tax haven in the British Virgin Islands.
His arrest was decreed by the criminal section of the Federal Regional Court on 16 November 2017, for using his presidency of the Assembly for the practice of corruption, criminal association, money laundering and tax evasion.
In concert with and Paulo Melo, he is suspected of favoring the interests of businessmen in the state, including representatives of the public transport sector and contractors, in exchange for a bribe.
On November 23, 2017, in a new offshoot of Operation Car Wash, Federal Police agents in Rio arrested former secretary of the Rio de Janeiro State Civil House , suspected of receiving at least $R1.6 million in bribes He was arrested during Operation C'est fini, accused of receiving 1.6 million reals ($) of bribes linked to the former Rio Governor's corruption schemes.
Investigations indicated that, while commanding the secretary of the Civil House, Fitchtner Velasco authorized the validation of court orders as a way to offset (ICMS) debts to state debtors.
He was allegedly also active in buying bonded securities that were awaiting payment, so that he profited from the premium paid by those who preferred cash before the lawsuit ended.
On December 11, 2017, the Federal Government, the MPF and the Internal Revenue Service launched operation Baixo Augusta to investigate the payment of R$ 160 million ($ million) in bribes to a tax auditor over 14 years to speed up the release of R$ 2 billion {$ million) in tax credits to the meat-processing giant JBS S.A., wholly owned by brothers Joesley Batista and Wesley Batista.
Investigations showed that the tax auditor received large amounts of money to illicitly expedite the release of funds that the company allegedly received from the Department of Federal Revenue as tax credits.
According to the Federal Police, there are indications that the corruption scheme went on for more than a decade, from 2004 to 2017, and transactions took place via front companies and the issuance of fake receipts.
On February 23, 2018, Rio de Janeiro's Federal Police and the Federal Public Ministry arrested Orlando Diniz, president of the Rio de Janeiro State Trade Federation (National Confederation of Trade in Goods, Services and Tourism; -RJ).
The exact number of phantom employees was not yet known, and at least one of them was formally linked to the Sesc/Senac payroll until 2017.
According to the investigation, the phantom hires were made at the request of Sérgio Cabral and helped the former governor to increase the kickback that was regularly distributed to his closest operators and his relatives, in a scheme that moved more than R$ 7.5 million ($ million).
The president of Fecomercio-RJ also spent R$ 180 million ($ million) over four years with law firms on contracts that circumvented the technical and transparency standards of the agencies under his responsibility.
On March 1, 2018, the Federal Police and Department of Federal Revenue served search and seizure warrants in an operation that was an offshoot of Operation Car Wash in São Paulo and Minas Gerais.
The goal of the new operation was to dismantle a scheme of criminal money laundering and embezzlement of funds paid by municipal governments for street cleaning.
The sums received were transferred to several other shell companies that remitted the amounts abroad or made transfers to persons connected with the initial customer.
In total, according to the police, more than R$ 120 million ($) was passed on to as yet unidentified third parties.
On 13 March 2018, the Federal and State Public Prosecution Service of Rio de Janeiro carried out a new operation against corruption in the Rio penitentiary system, which grew out of , a version of Operation Car Wash in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
The operation resulted in the arrest of Deputy Marcelo Luiz Santos Martins, director of the General Department of Specialized Police in Rio, and Military Police Colonel , former (Seap).
Under the Federal Prosecutor's Office, the operation served fourteen arrest warrants (nine temporary and five preventive); at the state level, there were nine arrests (with names repeated in both).
The targets of the investigation were accused of being part of a criminal organization that rigged food supply contracts (take-out, breakfast, and snacks) for at least six years (2009–2014) for the state's more than 50,000 prisoners, always keeping the same suppliers, who shared in the profits of the scheme.
On 29 March 2018, the Federal Police in São Paulo arrested the lawyer , friend and former advisor of President Michel Temer and, in Monte Alegre do Sul (SP), the businessman Antonio Celso Greco , owner of the company , which operates in Port of Santos.
Also arrested in the same operation was the former Minister of Agriculture and former Federal Deputy , who was the CEO of the , which administered the port.
Yunes was named by financial operator , whistle-blower for Operation Car Wash, as one of those responsible for handling bribes allegedly paid to the president.
The operation was authorized by Supreme Federal Court Minister Luís Roberto Barroso, rapporteur of the inquiry investigating whether Temer accepted bribes in order to benefit companies in the port sector.
On April 6, 2018, the Federal Police served preventive arrest warrants against Paulo Vieira de Souza, Paulo Preto, former Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) operative and former director of the Department of Road Development SA (Dersa), who was charged with misappropriation of funds, in kind and in real estate.
The former director had already been cited by whistle blowers as a possible PSDB kickback operative in the state of São Paulo.
According to the complaint, Souza and the others investigated diverted 7.7 million reals ($ million) from the Dersa coffers, money intended for families displaced due to construction done in the state between 2009 and 2011.
The governors of São Paulo at the time were: José Serra (2007 to 2010), Alberto Goldman (2010) and Geraldo Alckmin (since 2011).
In it, Melo said he gave R$ 5 million ($) to the campaign of the Senate President, Eunício Oliveira (MDB-CE), to the Ceará government in 2014, through fictitious contracts.
Beyond just this denunciation, the investigators based their actions on the revelations made by a businesswoman from Salvador, wife of the marketer of the Eunício Oliveira campaign in 2014.
The appeals were passed on not only by Hypermarcas and JBS S.A., who already admitted the irregularities to the Public Prosecution Service, but also by the Ceará company M. Dias Branco.
On 12 April 2018, agents of the Federal Police and the Federal Public Ministry arrested businessman Arthur Mário Pinheiro Machado in an operation that investigated pension fund fraud.
The scheme worked through two black marketeers of the former governor Sérgio Cabral, who helped bring cash back into the country.
Another arrested trader was Milton Lyra, who is named in several investigations as an MDB operator in the Senate and in various schemes.
On April 24, 2018, the Federal Police served a warrant to search the offices and also the executive apartments () of Representative .
The investigations revealed an attempt by congressmen to buy the silence of a former adviser to the senator who had been collaborating with the judiciary.
According to investigators, the former advisor was in collaboration with several investigations in connection with Operation Car Wash, and was allegedly threatened with death.
The suspects were part of a system called Bank Drop, in which moneymakers remitted funds abroad through illegal dollar wire transfers known as , a method in which money does not pass through central bank-regulated financial institutions.
According to police, some 3,000 offshore companies in 52 tax haven countries handled about $1.6 billion (or $5.6 billion by 2018).
On 21 June 2018, the Federal Police carried out a new operation in São Paulo with an investigation that found irregularities in construction of the northern section of the ring road, from the conclusion of contractual additions and consequent increases to the total cost.
According to the (MPF) and estimates by the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) pointed to an overrun of more than 600 million reals ($ million) in the cost of the construction.
Of the 15 temporary arrest warrants in the Federal Police lawsuit, one targeted Laurence Lourenço Casagrande, former president of and former secretary of logistics and transport under the former governor Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB), and current president of the Companhia Energética de São Paulo (Cesp), a state government power company for São Paulo State.
In addition, other targets of the operation included other former directors of Dersa, construction companies and , companies responsible for the construction, and contract managers under suspicion.
On July 4, 2018, in an offshoot of Operation Exposed Invoice regarding a corruption scheme in Rio's public health system, the Car Wash task force returned to the streets to arrest businessman Miguel Iskin, his partner Gustavo Estellita and 20 other people, in addition to the search and seizure executed at 44 addresses in Rio, São Paulo, Paraíba, Minas Gerais and the Federal District.
They also decreed the freezing of the assets of those under investigation in the amount of R$ 1.2 billion {$ million).
They also served arrest warrants on the director general of INTO, André Loyelo, and on two executives of Philips Brazil, one of the 37 companies involved in the scheme and accused of the crimes of cartel formation, corruption, bid rigging, criminal organization, and money laundering.
On 3 August 2018, the Federal Police (MPF) began a new operation, against money laundering suspects allegedly linked to former Governor Sérgio Cabral, as an offshoot of Operation Efficiency.
The businessman and two of his minority partners were the subject of temporary arrest warrants, and there were also four arrest warrants.
Former billionaire Eike Batista was arrested based on information given by Plass, then released back to the house arrest where he had already been since 2017.
The scheme consisted of receiving cash from the Ipanema jewelry directors, and then transferring funds abroad from an account under their control to an offshore shell company and transferring the amounts to the jewelry group holding company.
On August 31, 2018, federal agents served twenty preventive custody warrants and one temporary arrest warrant in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
, former Secretary of Health in the Sérgio Cabral governorship, was arrested again, in addition to businessmen Miguel Iskin and Gustavo Estellita.
The target of the operation was Pró-Saúde, which administered several hospitals under Sérgio Cabral's management, such as Getúlio Vargas, Albert Schweitzer, Adão Pereira Nunes and Alberto Torres.
The operation was an offshoot of the Exposed Invoice and Resonance operations and is the third phase of Car Wash in Rio de Janeiro in the health sector.
According to investigators, the fraudulent contracts led to the embezzlement of about 74 million reals ($ million) from the public coffer.
On 4 September 2018, the Federal Police served nine court orders, three of which were for pre-trial detention and six for search and seizure, investigating an illegal scheme of trade in emeralds and other precious and semiprecious stones, , and money laundering by the former governor Sérgio Cabral in Rio de Janeiro and in Bahia.
The operation revealed the comprehensive and detailed business network of Dario Messer, the master money changer (), whose parallel compensation system reconciled the interests of clients of different black market money changers (transactions were made beyond the reach of authorities in order to launder income from corruption, tax evasion and other crimes).
Among the targets of the operation were managing partners who buy precious stones from gold mines in Bahia and export them to Indian businessmen using fake invoices and bills of sale.
It focused on investigating diversion of funds on the order of 1.8 billion reals ($ million) in the Angra 3 nuclear power plant construction project.
The break-up is the result of an investigation that began under the auspices of the Attorney General's Office during the time when Michel Temer was still president.
After finishing his term and losing his status, the dossier was then sent to the Car Wash task force, which is based in Rio de Janeiro.
Thirty-seven court orders were issued by the 7th Federal Criminal Court of Rio de Janeiro, in the City of Rio de Janeiro, in Armação dos Búzios, Greater Sao Paulo and in Ponta Pora, Mato Grosso do Sul.
Because some targets lived in Paraguay and the United States of America an Interpol red notice was authorized by the courts.In November 2019 a Brazilian court withdrew the arrest warrant against former president of Paraguay Horacio Cartes.
The action, which was an offshoot of Operation Lava Jato in the state of Rio de Janeiro, had the participation of 200 federal police officers, 35 members of the Ministério Público Federal and ten auditors of Department of Federal Revenue.
The goal of the operation was to investigate the participation of of Rio de Janeiro State in a scheme of corruption, money laundering, biased hiring, and labor outsourcing in the administration of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
According to Miranda, a group of congressmen received a monthly stipend from the political group of Sérgio Cabral in exchange for parliamentary support, which ranged from R$20,000 to R$100,000 ($ to $).
On December 14, 2018, the Federal Public Ministry (MPF) filed a complaint against 29 persons suspected of corruption, money laundering, and criminal organization in Federal Regional Court of Region 2 (TRF-2), based on the investigations of Operation Jaguar's Den.
Among those indicted were the ten state congressmen targeted by the operation, the former governor of Rio de Janeiro Sérgio Cabral, former state secretaries, advisors to the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (Alerj), and managers of the (Detran-RJ).
Car Wash operations outside Brazil began after Odebrecht S.A. and Braskem admitted in a leniency agreement filed with the US Department of Justice that they paid bribes abroad totaling more than one billion dollars.
During the investigations of Operation Car Wash, whistle blowers reported crimes in several other countries in Europe, Africa and the Americas.
According to experts, four principles allowed corruption schemes to spread in Latin America and around the world: the privileges granted to companies in Brazil; presidential diplomacy of the Lula administration which facilitated the operations of these companies abroad; allocation of funds from the Brazilian Development Bank for projects involving Brazilian contractors abroad; and the actions of marketers as intermediaries.
The Hughes 36 is a development of the Columbia 34 Mark II hull design, being built using tooling and moulds acquired from Columbia Yachts.
It has a masthead sloop rig or optional ketch rig, a centre-cockpit, a spooned raked stem, a raised transom, a skeg-mounted spade-type/transom-hung rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
Five Ash Down Independent Chapel is an independent Evangelical church in the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition in the hamlet of Five Ash Down, East Sussex, England.
Founded in 1773 in the house of a local man, Thomas Dicker senior, the cause developed so rapidly that a church was founded and a permanent building erected for the congregation 11 years later.
The church was run along Calvinistic lines at first, in common with many new chapels in late 18th-century Sussex, and an early group of seceders from the congregation founded a chapel in nearby Uckfield which was run in accordance with Baptist theology.
Protestant Nonconformism was a prominent force in East Sussex from the 17th century onwards, and congregations associated with various Calvinistic groups and denominations developed in many places from the middle of the 18th century.
Several chapels, including Zoar Strict Baptist Chapel and Golden Cross Chapel which are still open, were founded in the Dicker area—a mostly rural area close to the present towns of Eastbourne and Hailsham (the villages of Upper Dicker and Lower Dicker are in the parishes of Arlington and Hellingly respectively).
Dicker is also the surname of a long-established family of landowners in rural East Sussex whose lineage goes back to the 13th century; it is not known whether the family gave their name to the area or vice versa.
Among them was Thomas Dicker junior (born 1723), a member of one branch of the Dicker family who had settled in nearby Buxted parish.
Over the next 11 years, attendance at these meetings grew so much that the room was no longer large enough, so services were also held at a nearby inn for a time.
It was while preaching at this inn that William Huntington, one of the most important figures in Sussex Calvinist history, first met fellow Calvinist missionary Jenkin Jenkins of Lewes, who became a close friend; later they were both associated with the founding of Jireh Chapel in Lewes, one of the largest Calvinist churches in Sussex.
In 1784, Dicker's father Thomas Dicker senior—who had also been converted to the Calvinist cause in 1773—donated some land next to his house to the congregation.
Members of the congregation who preferred the stricter doctrine broke away from Five Ash Down Chapel and formed a new church along Strict Baptist lines at a farm in Uckfield on 15 May 1785.
The first pastor at Five Ash Down Chapel, A. Dixon, left soon after this, and visiting ministers served the chapel for many years—including William Huntington on several occasions.
More land was bought adjacent to the chapel in 1840, which allowed a Sunday school to be built in about 1852.
After a period of just over 100 years during which four resident pastors had served the chapel, it was again served by visiting or lay ministers from 1962 onwards when Joseph Turner retired after a 38-year pastorate.
The chapel is registered for worship in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855; its number on the register is 34990.
Now known as Five Ash Down Chapel, it is an Evangelical fellowship, independent of denominational links and based on Reformed ecclesiology.
Morning and afternoon services and a Sunday school are held on Sundays, and there is a prayer meeting on Thursday evenings.
Built of blue brick with red-brick quoins, it has a west-facing symmetrical façade with three bays, each topped with a gable and containing a stone lancet window.
The original building was oriented differently: what is now the side wall, facing north, was originally at the rear of the chapel.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Harding ran with Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge, while Cox ran with Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York.
A junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is a protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed in a variety of different tissues, such as leukocytes, platelets, and epithelial and endothelial cells.
They have been shown to regulate signal complex assembly on both their cytoplasmic and extracellular domains through interaction with scaffolding that contains a PDZ domain and adjacent cell's receptors, respectively.
JAMs adhere to adjacent cells through interactions with integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1, which are contained in leukocyte β2 and α4β1, which is contained in β1.
They interact in their cytoplasmic domain with scaffold proteins that contain a PDZ domain, which are common protein interaction modules that target short amino acid sequences at the C-terminus of proteins, to form tight junctions in both epithelial and endothelial cells as polarity is gained in the cell.
Based on crystallographic studies conducted with recombinant extracellular mouse JAMs (rsJAM) and human JAMs (hJAM), it has been shown that JAM consists of immunoglobulin-like V-set domain followed by a second immunoglobulin domain that are linked together by a short linker sequence.
The linker makes extensive hydrogen bonds to both domains, and the side chain of one of the main linker residues, Leu128, is commonly embedded in a hydrophobic cleft between each immunoglobulin-like domain.
It commonly consists of Arg58-Val59-Glu60 located on the N-terminus and can dissociate into monomers based on the conditions of the solution it is exposed to.
This motif has been shown to be present in many common variants of JAMs, including rsJAM, hJAM, JAM-1, JAM-2, and JAM-3.
JAM-1 was the first of the junctional adhesion molecules to be discovered and is located in the tight junctions of both epithelial and endothelial cells.
It can also interact with receptors as a heterophilic structure by acting as a ligand for LFA-1 and facilitating leukocyte transmigration.
JAM-2 localization is moderated by serine phosphorylation at tight junctions as the molecule adheres to other tight junction proteins like PAR-3 and ZO-1.
JAM-2 has also shown to act as a ligand for many immune cells and plays a role in lymphocyte attraction to specific organs.
JAM-3 functions similarly to JAM-2 as it is localized around the tight junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells, but has been shown to be unable to adhere to leukocytes in the manner that other JAMs can.
JAMs play a critical role in the regulation of cell movement in multiple different cell types, such as epithelial, endothelial, leukocyte, and germ cells.
JAM-1 has been shown to be able to cause cell adhesion, spreading and movement along β1 ligands like collagen IV and fibronectin.
Vitronectin is a ligand for integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, which exhibit selective cooperativity with bFGF and VEGF in the activation of the MAPK pathway.
JAM-1 and JAM-3 allow leukocytes to migrate into connective tissue by freeing polymorphonuclear leukocytes from entrapment in endothelial cells and basement membranes.
In the absence of JAM-1, these leukocytes cannot moderate β1 integrin endocytosis and cannot be effective expressed on the surface of the cell, which is essential for motility.
PAR-3 is a significant factor in a cell's polarity-regulating complex and regulates polarity in different cell types in many different organisms.
All components of the PAR complex are required for tight junction formation between cells, but premature adherens junctions can form without PAR complex components being present.
In order to preserve homeostasis of adult tissue, aged cells must be replaced with new cells at varying frequency, depending on the organ.
In JAM-1 deficient mice it has been found that the amount of proliferating cells in the colon greatly increased due to the increased proliferation of TA cells.
Recent studies have also pointed to JAM-1 to be ability to preserve structural integrity of tissues more so than regulating cell number.
The role of JAM-1 in tight junction biology is to function through mediation partly due to the localization of the Par-αPKC complex at adherens junctions during junction creation.
JAM-3 has been shown to be a primary regulator of the development of spermatids as well as the rest of the male reproductive system.
Within the Sertoli cells of the male reproductive system, JAM-3 interacts with JAM-2 to influence the polarity of both round and elongated spermatids.
Studies have also shown that inactivation of JAM-3 has been shown to significantly impede fertility by blocking male germ cell development and proliferation.
The Hughes-Columbia 36 is a development of Hughes 36, which is in turn derived from the Columbia 34 Mark II hull design, built using tooling and moulds acquired from Columbia Yachts.
It has a masthead sloop rig or optional ketch rig, a centre-cockpit, a spooned raked stem, a raised transom, a skeg-mounted spade-type/transom-hung rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
The Green Silk Road Fund (abbreviated GSRF) is an investment fund led by Chinese private entrepreneurs to support projects in China and along the countries of the Belt and Road Initiative.
It is unique among Belt and Road Initiative investment funds as private sector support is the predominant driver rather than Chinese policy banks and foreign exchange reserves.
A driving force behind the investment fund is Wang Wenbiao, Chairman of the Elion Group, a firm implementing anti-desertification through methods including developing drought-resistant seeds for agricultural plants like licorice.
He has sought to export his anti-desertification business to other countries, and has a track record of acquisitions of buying small and medium-sized enterprises internationally to expand his business.
In addition to Elion Group, other firms contributing capital to the fund are China Oceanwide, Chint Group, Huiyuan Juice, Macrolink, JuneYao, Ping’an Bank and Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states.
Indiana voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts, over the Democratic nominee, Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia.
Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois, while Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska.
Also in the running that year was the Progressive Party nominee, Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana.
However, owing to Indiana’s strong Southern and Yankee leanings, the conservatism of its German Catholic counties, and the dominance of the Ku Klux Klan, the state was one of La Follette’s weakest nationally.
Coolidge won the state by a margin of 16.56%; however, Indiana was easily Davis’ strongest antebellum free state, voting around 9 points more Democratic than the nation at-large.
Saywell was born in 1936 in Regina, Saskatchewan to parents John Ferdinand Tupper Saywell and Vera Marguerite Saywell, alongside his elder brother John Saywell.
In 1937, the family moved to British Columbia as his father had received a job position to become Lake Cowichan first high school principal.
During his tenure as SFU's longest-serving president, he helped initiate the development of SFU's downtown Vancouver campus and increased gender equality in SFU's hiring practices.
Upon the end of his term as president in 1993, Saywell was named President and chief executive officer of the Asia Pacific Foundation.
Its 'Akbulak' and 'Early Emperor' cultivars gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 2016, and are also considered by them as good plants to attract pollinators.
A handsome plant growing to about tall, with strap-like leaves and usually only one many-flowered globose umbel borne on an upright scape.
The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is the only Naskapi band in Quebec; there is another Naskapi band, Mushuau Innu First Nation located in Labrador.
Schefferville is not connected to the North American road network but is accessible by airplane via the Schefferville Airport or by train.
Schefferville is the northern terminus of Tshiuetin Rail Transportation, which is partially owned by the Nation, with service to Sept-Îles, Quebec.
, the Nation had a registered population of 793 with 688 people living on their reserve and 105 living off the reserve or on other (non-Kawawachikamach) lands.
With regards to speaking official languages, 70.3% reported only speaking English while only 1.7% reported speaking only French; 21.5% speak both official languages.
He is the father of later kings, King Mthimkhulu II (Ngwadlazibomvu) (Great House) and King Mpangazitha (Pakalita) (Right Hand House), whom he was succeeded by former.
King Bhungane II was a gifted medicine-man (herbalist), he also had rainmaking powers which is believed to be passed on from father to son in the Hlubi kingship.
AGATA is a non-profit performance rights organization established in 1999 that deals with the licensing and rights of music publishers and performers in Lithuania.
Vallejo-Nágera was born in Madrid in 1964 as the third daughter of the writer and María Victoria Zóbel de Ayala y Pfitz.
She studied at the Colegio de Nuestra Señora de los Rosales, before going on to study teaching at Complutense University in four rather than the usual five years.
When she finished it, she looked for a place to publish it and sent it to the Premio Planeta de Novela with the idea of going to the publishing house afterwards to ask for advice on how to improve it.
In parallel with these events Vallejo-Nagera visited Medjugorje where she reported that she had received a re-conversion to the Catholic faith.
She reported later that this was a single spiritual event on 8 May 1999 although it was six moths before she admitted it to a priest as she was worried that people might question her sanity.
Vincent F. Nicolosi (July 30, 1939 – July 11, 2014) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 25th district from 1973 to 1980.
Anil Raj (April 1, 1984 – November 24, 2019) was an American human rights activist who served on the board of Amnesty International.
He was killed on November 24, 2019 while working on the United Nations Development Programme when the vehicle he was travelling in with two colleagues was attacked.
He completed his undergraduate studies at University of California, Riverside, participating in a study abroad program at the University of Hong Kong, and graduating in 2006 with a bachelor’s degree in political science.
He then earned a Masters in International Human Rights as well as a Certificate in Humanitarian Assistance at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver in Colorado.
Janet Lord, Board of Directors Chair of Amnesty International USA, issued a statement about Raj's legacy and the impact of his death.
Anil is remembered as a bright and creative individual, who always brought innovation to his work and warmth to his relationships.
It saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Konstantina B. Lukes, who had been appointed to the position earlier that year after Tim Murray resigned to become Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
Rushton's brother-in-law, Worcester County's new District Attorney Joseph D. Early, appeared at campaign events for him, marking the first time in decades that a District Attorney had involved himself in a political campaign.
, this was the narrowest margin of victory in a Worcester mayoral election since the city started popularly electing its mayors in 1987.
He was Sveriges Television's (SVT) first CEO from 1978 and 1981 and served as Swedish consul general to New York City from 1988 to 1992.
He was employed by AB Radiotjänst in 1956 (which became Sveriges Radio in 1957) and worked as a program producer from 1959.
While delivering his phone reports from Congo's capital Léopoldville, his wife Marianne gave birth to the couple's first child back in Sweden.
He was back in Congo at the end of 1961 and witnessed from his hotel room how Swedish fighter aircraft under UN flags attacked the post office in Élisabethville.
Faxén also reported on the liberation of Algeria, including the Algiers putsch in which French generals tried to take power over what was then a large French province in North Africa.
Faxén was then correspondent in Washington, D.C. from 1971 to 1973 where, in addition to covering the 1972 presidential election, he also had to report on the first incidents in the Watergate scandal, which later led to the resignation of President Nixon.
During its first three years as an independent company, SVT had a slightly reluctant CEO who struggled with willful TV channel management and a sometimes partially unsympathetic board of directors.
All at a time when new challenges such as competition from satellite TV, cable TV, home video devices and other things started to emerge.
In the spring of 1981, Faxén had had enough and in connection with a conference in Ronneby, he announced to SVT's first chairman Lennart Sandgren that he did not want to extend his three-year contract as CEO.
Shortly afterwards he received a call from the then Foreign Minister Ola Ullsten, who wondered if Faxén wanted to become a press officer at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
Faxén then had special assignments at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs with a position as ambassador from 1992, including West Africa (Niamey and Dakar from 1992, Conakry and Nouakchott from 1993 and Bamako from 1994).
She entered Fujian Union College (now Fujian Normal University) in 1949 and graduated from the Biology Department in 1954 with a bachelor's degree.
Impacted by the Cultural Revolution, East China Normal University was suspended in 1970, and Tang was sent to work in Shajiang Commune, Xiapu County.
She was promoted to assistant professor in 1981, qualified as a doctoral thesis advisor in 1985, and promoted to full professor in 1986.
In 2010, she began to serve as the director of the Academic Committee of the Key Laboratory of Animal Parasites in Gansu Province.
In 1978, Tang was awarded the Science and Technology Achievement Award of the China Science Conference, and in 1980 she was awarded the Second Prize of Science and Technology by the Fujian Provincial People's Government.
In 1982, 1988 and 1990, Tang won the third prize, third prize and fourth prize, respectively, of the State Natural Science Award.
It was released on November 29, 2019 through CNT Records with distribution via ONErpm, making it the rapper's first release on his own independent label since leaving Strange Music.
Mount Oleg is a prominent mountain summit located in the Cayoosh Range of the Lillooet Ranges, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
It is situated northeast of Pemberton, south of Mount Gardiner, and southwest of Mount Marriott, which is its nearest higher peak.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
His final pre-war club was Leicester City, for which he made his highest number of appearances, helping guide them to the First Division.
Thomas Francis Pritchard (18 June 1904–1968) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Charlton Athletic, and Mansfield Town, Newport County, Preston North End, Stockport County, Thames and Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Clarence Charles Bisby (10 September 1904–1977) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Coventry City, Mansfield Town and Notts County.
Of these, 81.1% spoke Belarusian, 10.1% Yiddish, 5.9% Russian, 2.4% Polish, 0.3% Lithuanian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
A first prototype flew in 1989, and while the joint venture company Euro-ENAER was set up to build the aircraft in the Netherlands as the Euro-Enaer Eaglet, these plans failed when Euro-ENAER went bankrupt in 2002.
The Chilean Air Force established an aircraft manufacturing arm, IndAer, in 1980, which began by assembling Piper PA-28 Dakotas and building the ENAER T-35 Pillán military light trainer, which was developed by Piper for manufacture in Chile.
In 1986, ENAER began work on its first entirely indigenous aircraft, a two-seat, single-engined light aircraft suitable for use by flying clubs as a training aircraft.
It was of all-composite construction, with most of the structure made of glassfibre and polyurethane sandwich material, while the wing spars were made of a mixture of glassfibre and carbon fibre.
The first prototype made its maiden flight in April 1989, with three more prototypes following, one of which crashed on 11 February 1992 following a bird strike, killing the pilot.
After attempts to interest the Chilean Air Force in the Ñamcú failed, ENAER set up Euro-ENAER, a joint venture with the Delft University of Technology and Dutch investors, to certify the aircraft as airworthy in the Netherlands under European regulations, with ENAER hoping to sell 50 aircraft per year, at a price which had now increased to US$100,000 an aircraft.
By 1998, it was planned to assemble a modified version of the aircraft, powered by a Textron Lycoming O-320-D2A engine, in a new factory in the Netherlands.
In early 1999, Euro-ENAER was blaming poor weather and difficulties with the Joint Aviation Authorities for delays in certification for the Eaglet, whose unit price had now reached US$160,000, although the company was now forecasting annual sales of 50 per year in Europe and 200 a year in America.
The 2020 FedEx Cup Playoffs, the series of three golf tournaments that will determine the season champion on the U.S.-based PGA Tour, will be played from August 13–30.
Alfred Brown (22 February 1907–1994) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Northampton Town, Oldham Athletic.
On January 5, 1881, Partridge was elected as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Genesee County 1st district as a Republican.
In 1894, Partridge ran unsuccessful once again for the position of United States Representative from Michigan's 6th District as a Populist candidate.
Dao Keela Antonia Molander Di Ponziano, also known as Dao Di Ponziano and Dao Di Ponziano Molander (born 6 October 2001) is a Swedish singer and actress.
She was born in Stockholm as the daughter of casting director Mari Molander and actor Antonio Di Ponziano, and the granddaughter of director Jan Molander.
The 2020 season is the 34th in franchise history and 18th as the Mammoth (previously the Washington Power, Pittsburgh Crossefire, and Baltimore Thunder).
Henry Patrick Gilmore (17 November 1913–1966) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Mansfield Town and Queens Park Rangers.
Selma Yildirim (born 25 August 1969) is an Austrian politician who is a member of the National Council and deputy chairperson of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ).
Earlier, in April 2017, Yildirim had been nominated to become a judge on the , but she was rejected in 2018 because she became a member of parliament in the meantime.
Hallberg has participated in the stageshow and later on the talk show television version of Luuk & Hallberg along with Kristian Luuk which has been broadcast on SVT.
She is the co-founder of the Actors Studio (Malaysia), the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre, and the Performing Arts Centre of Penang (Penangpac).
Her father, Basha Merican, taught English language and literature at the Penang Free School, and Merican initially trained to be a primary school teacher, specializing in Physical Education.
She later appeared in a revival of the musical in 1984, and produced and directed subsequent productions of the same work in 2002 and 2015 respectively.
She received an Honorary Master of Letters from the University Sains Malaysia and an Honorary Doctorate in the Arts from Taylor's University.
She is Adjunct Professor and Programme Development Director of TUTAS, Malaysia’s first performing arts conservatory degree, jointly administered by the Actors Studio and Taylor’s University.
The Palace on the River (Italian: La Reggia sul fiume) is a 1940 Italian comedy film directed by Alberto Salvi and starring Ferdinand Guillaume, Leda Gloria and Gildo Bocci.
In order to raise money so that she can get married to her sweetheart, they decide to try and collect a reward for capturing a notorious thief.
The pilot was directed by Michael Lehmann and written by Roberto Benabib who were also set to executive produce alongside Brian Grazer, Francie Calfo, Zion Rubin, Efrat Shmaya Dror, Danna Stern, Samie Kim Falvey and Michael Lehmann.
On April 30, 2019, it was reported that Paramount Network had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes.
In September 2019, it was announced that Sam Keeley, Gage Golightly, Cristina Rodlo, Jeremy Tardy, Nicholas Coombe, Derek Theler, Beth Riesgraf, and Lamont Thompson were cast as series regulars while Usman Ally, Artur Benson, and Aaron Glenane were cast in recurring roles.
On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 100% with an average rating of 6/10, based on 6 reviews.
Previously he was the district president of the Moderate Party youth group in Kronoberg, and a member of the national board of the Youth group between 2014 and 2016.
The 1998-99 Nationalliga B season was the 52nd season of the Nationalliga B, the second tier level of ice hockey in Switzerland.
11 teams participated in the league, and EHC Chur won the championship and were promoted to Nationalliga A. HC Martigny were relegated due to financial reasons.
She is the granddaughter of the Argentine actor Alejandro Ciangherotti, and she is the younger sister of actor Fernando Ciangherotti, and the actress Vanessa Ciangherotti.
It was reported that the two men were simul-rappelling, a technique in which two climbers descend opposite strands of an anchored rope, with their bodies acting as counterweights to each other.
Leyla Kheradmand Mohadjer is an American statistician who works as a vice president, senior statistical fellow, and associate director of the statistical staff at Westat.
She is an expert in survey methodology, total survey error, quality control, and participation bias, and has led the statistical efforts of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies and the Programme for International Student Assessment (both of the OECD), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the National Center for Health Statistics.
The industrial area is also located nearby to Shuwaikh proper, Shuwaikh Port, Shuwaikh Commercial Area, Shuwaikh Educational Area and Shuwaikh Health Area; all of which form their own census-designated districts.
However, the United States Department of State estimated the Communist Party of Canada's membership to be 3500 in the mid 1960s.
According to Ivan Avakumovic, women were 12-15 per cent of the Party memnership during the period 1934-38; and 28 per cent in 1951 (p 248).
On the release of Party leader Tim Buck from prison in 1934, the Party held a mass rally attended by an overflow crowd of more than 17,000 supporters and sympathizers in Maple Leaf Gardens.
At its height in the mid-1940s, the Party had fourteen sitting elected officials at the federal, provincial and municipal level, including federal Member of Parliament Fred Rose, who was elected in 1945, the year in which the Party's proportion of the federal election vote was its highest ever: 2.13 per cent.
The Party ran its most-ever federal candidates in the 1953 election, 100 candidates, but got only 1.06 per cent of the national vote.
The badminton competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Manila were held at Muntinlupa Sports Complex in Muntinlupa, Metro Manila.
In 1910 after working for years in the family circus, he and his brother Natale were hired by Cines Studios where he starred in over a hundred comedy silent shorts billed as the character Tontolini.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wallsend on 17 December 1988 because of the death of the Labor member Ken Booth.
It is situated northeast of Pemberton, south-southeast of Mount Gardiner, and east of Mount Oleg, which is its nearest higher peak.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
However, he, together with John Scott Simpson, became interested in collecting and growing New Zealand native plants and by 1925 both were well known within the New Zealand botanical community.
Founded in 1909 in Turin by Ernesto Maria Pasquali, it was later merged into the Unione Cinematografica Italiana in 1919, before closing completely in 1924.
Dennis Montali (born May 20, 1940) is a United States Bankruptcy Judge of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of California.
In 1957, at the age of 17, he was the navigator for a 40 foot sailboat in the Transpacific Yacht Race from Los Angeles to Hawaii.
He attended Bishop O’Dowd High School in Oakland, and then attended the University of Notre Dame to earn his Bachelor of Arts in June, 1961.
After his discharge in 1965, he attended the University of California Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law and earned his Juris Doctor law degree in June, 1968.
Dennis Montali started at the law firm of Rothschild and Phelen in San Francisco in April, 1968 as a law student, returned in September, 1968, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1969.
Montali practiced law with August Rothschild, Robert Phelan and Lloyd King until December, 1975, when Lloyd was appointed as the Referee in Bankruptcy in San Francisco.
Montali joined the legal giant Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro in 1980 and stayed there until he was appointed as a judge in 1993.
While at the law firm of Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro, he became a creditor's attorney, where he became nationally known for his knowledge of bankruptcy law.
He has been a member of numerous judicial and professional organizations, including the National Conference of Bankruptcy Judges and the American College of Bankruptcy.
Dennis Montali was appointed by the U.S. Court of Appeals in San Francisco to be a United States Bankruptcy Judge on April 23, 1993, and reappointed April 22, 2007.
Judge Dennis Montali was a member of the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP) for the Ninth Circuit from May, 2000 to May, 2010, and was Chief Judge from 2009 to 2010.
Originally a journalist he was employed by Ambrosio Film before he set up the Turin-based Pasquali Film, one of Italy's leading production companies.
Incumbent Republican Hazen S. Pingree defeated Fusion candidate of the Democratic People's Union Silver Party, candidate Justin R. Whiting with 57.75% of the vote.
The badminton men's team tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Manila will be held from 1 to 4 December at the Muntinlupa Sports Complex, Metro Manila, Philippines.
The Boatman of Amalfi (Italian: Il barcaiolo di Amalfi) is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Mino Roli and starring Mario Vitale, Franca Marzi and Guido Celano.
The badminton women's team tournament at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in Manila will be held from 1 to 3 December at the Muntinlupa Sports Complex, Metro Manila, Philippines.
The 2020 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is the 133rd edition of the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament since its establishment in 1887.
The qualifiers stage will be shortened to accommodate the introduction of the second-tier championship, for Division 3 and 4 National Football League teams who fail to reach their provincial finals or get promoted to Division 2 of the league.
Some of the teams who lose a match in their provincial championship enter the All-Ireland qualifiers – New York does not enter the qualifiers.
If the score is level at the end of the normal seventy minutes, two periods of ten minutes each way are played.
Approximately 12 teams qualify for the All-Ireland qualifiers, with the exact figure dependent on results in the year's leagues and provincial championships.
Teams who failed to win their provincial championship and played in divisions 1 and 2 in this year's league enter the qualifiers, with the exception of the two teams relegated from division 2, whose place is taken by the two promoted teams from division 3.
Eight teams play in round 1 of the qualifiers, with a preliminary round to feature if the number of teams who have qualified exceeds that figure.
Significant changes to the format of the All-Ireland championship were made at the GAA's Annual Congress in February 2017 and introduced in 2018.
If the score is level at the end of the normal seventy minutes in a semi-final, two periods of ten minutes each way are played.
Division 3 and 4 teams who fail to reach their provincial final compete in the newly-created Tier 2 competition instead of the qualifiers.
The qualifiers consist of a possible preliminary round to reduce the number of teams to eight and then two rounds of four matches each (previously there were four rounds).
The referee will award a mark when a player catches the ball cleanly on or inside a 45m line from a kick in play delivered by an attacking player on or beyond the opposition's 45m line that travels at least 20m and without it touching the ground.
The catching player must signal to the referee his intent to stop and take the mark, or else he can continue to play on as per usual.
In April 2018 the Ulster GAA Competitions Control Committee introduced a rule that the two teams who play in the preliminary round are exempt from playing in the preliminary round in the following two years.
The All-Ireland Qualifiers are open to teams from League Divisions 1 and 2 (with the exception of the two Division 2 teams who are relegated), the two promoted Division 3 teams and any other Division 3 or 4 teams who qualify for their provincial final.
The four provincial champions and the four winning teams from round two of the All-Ireland qualifiers are divided into two groups of four teams.
Each group consists of two provincial champions and the two losing provincial finalists of the other two provinces or the team that beats them in round two of the qualifiers.
Phase 1 - Weekend of 11/12 July - Each of the two provincial champions play one of the two qualifiers with both provincial champions having home advantage.
Phase 2 - Weekend of 18/19 July - In each group, the two winners of the phase 1 matches play each other and the two losers of the phase 1 matches play each other.
The winners of Super 8s Group 1 play the runners-up of Super 8s Group 2 and the winners of Super 8s Group 2 play the runners-up of Super 8s Group 1.
Carson Meier (born June 29, 1995) is an American football tight end for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL).
He spent the next three seasons playing special teams and the H-back position, where he was used exclusively as a blocker.
As a redshirt senior, Meier caught 19 receptions for 327 yards and four touchdowns and was named second team All-Big 12 Conference by the league's coaches.
Knott's Bear-y Tales: Return To The Fair is a 4D themed family interactive dark ride under construction at Knott's Berry Farm theme park in Buena Park, California.
The interactive dark ride will see riders join Boysenbear and Girlsenbear travel to the County Fair and pass through several scenes which are reminiscent of the original dark ride.
Designed by Triotech in conjunction with Knott's Berry Farm's creative team, the attraction is scheduled to open to the public on May 15, 2020 as part of Knott's Berry Farm 100th anniversary.
It will become the third release in the Amusement Dark collection, a branded initiative to construct a variety of video-game-based dark rides at Cedar Fair amusement parks.
Easter eggs and the catchy theme park song will return as confirmed by Ken Parks who is vice president of entertainment at Knott's Berry Farm.
Since the closure of Knott's Bear-y Tales in 1987, park fans have been wanting for the ride to return back to the theme park in its former glory.
Knott's Bear-y Tales became a fan favorite ride due to its originality, storyline, family friendly ride atmosphere as well as the famous boysenberry smell and catchy theme song played throughout the attraction.
The ride was initially popular with park visitors but later became disliked by most fans due to the background story and overall ride experience.
Knott's Berry Farm consulted with Triotech on the possible revival of Knott's Bear-y Tales using the same ride system and layout.
Moreover, Knott's saw this as a win- win case since the park could bring back one of its most beloved and iconic rides in 2020 as part of the 100th anniversary.
On November 19, 2019, Knott's Berry Farm and Triotech established a joint announcement where the park will bring back Knott's Bear-y Tales as a nostalgic return to Knott's fan in a 4D ride experience.
During the joint announcement, Knott's Berry Farm and Triotech announced Knott’s Bear-y Tales: Return to the Fair will include more practical and scenery and physical sets than Voyage to the Iron Reef.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
, this is the only time an incumbent mayor has lost reelection in a Worcester mayoral election since they started popularly electing mayors in 1987.
In order to be elected mayor in Worcester, a person must place first in the mayor's race and also finish among the top six in the at-large city council election, being also elected a councilor at large.
O'Brien and Toomey criticized Lukes for being to inactive a mayor, and argued that she was ineffective at advocating for the city at the state and federal level.
Lukes refuted accusations that she was too inactive, arguing that the role of mayor was not intended to be a full-time position.
Lukes argued that O'Brien was simply seeking to use the office of mayor as a platform to seek higher office, and argued that she herself was free from such ambitions.
O'Brien pledged to commit attention to inner-city neighborhoods, and called attention to the fact that he resided in the less-affluent Main South area of the city.
He was a stand-out on his college basketball team and went on to play on semi-pro or pro teams in all three sports.
He would likely have been more famous had blacks not been denied opportunities to compete in major professional sports leagues in the 1940s and 1950s.
He also led the basketball team to a province championship, beating Ottawa Glebe Collegiate in Toronto for the All-Ontario Basketball Title.
After being discharged from the service, he enrolled at Assumption College where he became known as one of the country's best basketball players.
In 1949, his senior year, he led the team to the Ontario Senior Men's Finals where they defeated Toronto Central by 90-56, 47 of which he scored himself.
During Thomas's college four-year basketball career (1945-1949), he scored 2,059 points, third highest on the NCAA scoring list at the time of his graduation.
He was selected by the organization's Cleveland Indians to join the Wilkes-Barre Barons farm-team who played in the Eastern League, where he took the field for the first time in a July 4, 1948 doubleheader.
This appearance was the first by a black player in the league, and he had two singles, and RBI, and a stolen base in the second game.
He was the 21st black player to sign a contract with a team in the MLB organization and the first from Canada.
He played with the Cincinnati Crescents, a negro all-star barnstorming team owned by Abe Saperstein, who also owned the Harlem Globetrotters.
Thomas won the batting title of the Ontario Intercounty Baseball League in 1951 while playing for the Kitchener Panthers, an independent, semi-professional team where he batted 0.383. and was a Most Valuable Player in this league.
In 1952, he was not selected for the Canadian Olympic basketball team, where he would have been the only black on an otherwise all-white team.
After having surgery to repair a knee injury, he could no longer play professional sports but continued to play in smaller independent leagues in Canada.
He played basketball for the Toronto Tri-Bells, a Canadian men's amateur team, leading the team to the 1953 Canadian senior men's basketball title.
He became a coach and physical education teacher at Valley Park High School in East York, Ontario for over twenty years.
According to William Humber, a historian on Canadian sports, racial barriers prevented Thomas from becoming a national star, as well as kept him relatively unknown.
According to Miriam Wright, a history professor at the University of Windsor, Southern Ontario was racially segregated like parts of the United States during the Jim Crow era.
Thomas and his black teammates were often not served at restaurants and his teams were not allowed to compete with white teams.
It had served as an imperial palace for the Emperors of Japan in the 7th century when the capital was located in Asuka, Yamato.
The building was constructed and finished by autumn 642 CE during the time of Kogyuko, who occupied the building in 643 CE.
From 643 to 645 CE, the palace served as the palace during the reign of Empress Kōgyoku when it was moved from Oharida-no-miya.
Emperor Kōtoku had returned the imperial residence to the palace, the same palace which was continued by Koyoku as the official residence upon her return and second reign as empress.
This event saw Japanese statesman Fujiwara no Kamatari, then prince Prince Naka no Ōe, and others conspire in their effort to eliminate the main branch of the Soga clan.
This led to the issuance of issuance of the Taika Reform, a turning point in history that moved feudal Japan into a more centralized government with the Emperor as the Supreme power.
The Marquis of Ruvolito (Italian: Il marchese di Ruvolito) is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Eduardo De Filippo, Peppino De Filippo and Leda Gloria .
The site was officially inscribed in 2017 under criteria IX and X, following a 2013 recommendation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Fauna are abundant and number 14 fish species, 3 amphibian species, 4 reptile species, 327 bird species, 50 mammal species, and over 4000 insect species.
They include as white-naped crane, Great bustard, and millions of migratory birds of other species, including vulnerable, endangered or threatened species.
The property is also an important area of the migration routes of the Mongolian Gazelle (Dzeren) where herds up to 250,000 migrate.
In the Mongolian section, the landscapes are home 349 species of vascular plants, 19 species of moss, and over 100 lichen species.
Lawrence Herbst (March 5, 1916 – May 12, 2003) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1971 to 1978.
Edwin Jason Norton (26 February 1926 – 26 March 1993) was a New Zealand weightlifter who represented his country at the 1950 British Empire Games.
He went on to represent New Zealand in the lightweight division of the weightlifting at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, where he finished in fourth place, recording a total of .
I Am Not a Dog on a Chain is the upcoming thirteenth studio album by Morrissey, scheduled to be released through BMG on 20 March 2020.
The album was produced by Joe Chiccarelli and recorded at Studio La Fabrique in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France, as well as Sunset Sound in Hollywood.
The 2020 Connacht Senior Football Championship is the 121st instalment of the annual Connacht Senior Football Championship organised by Connacht GAA.
The main sources for his life are his contemporary and fellow Monophysite, John of Ephesus, who knew him; the 9th-century historian Eutychius of Alexandria; and the 15th-century Muslim historian al-Maqrizi.
The Patriarch Paul II sent him on a mission to Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, where he was detained on the orders of the Emperor Justinian I.
On his deathbed, Patriarch Theodosius I of Alexandria commissioned Longinus to continue the evangelisation of the Nubian kingdom of Nobadia that had begun under Julian the Evangelist and Theodore of Philae in 543, but had been interrupted in 551.
While he was there the king of Nobadia received a letter from the king of Alodia requesting that the bishop who converted Nobadia be sent to the southernmost Nubian kingdom to baptise the Alodians.
Longinus was unable to travel up the Nile to Alodia because the kingdom of Makuria that lay between Nobadia and Alodia had adopted the non-Monophysite Chalcedonian creed and the Makurian king intended to intercept and arrest Longinus.
Bread Street Kitchen and Bar, Hong Kong is a restaurant and bar located at Shop G02, G/F, The Peak Galleria, 118 Peak Road, Hong Kong and is operated by Gordon Ramsay.
It was first opened in the Lan Kawi Fong Hotel at Lan Kwai Fong in 2014 with Gilles Bosquet as the head chef, but the hotel closed in 2017 and is being redeveloped into offices, as a result, the restaurant is closed.
Its signature dishes include fish & chips, shepherd’s pie, beef wellington, tamarind spiced chicken fillets, fried buffalo chicken burger, pesto and spinach flatbread, the melted chocolate fondant capped off with mint chocolate chip ice cream and sticky toffee pudding.
On January 4, 1847, Pond was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Genesee County district as a Democratic.
This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union.
In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.
Strand became a member of the Norwegian Entomological Society in 1920, and he is one of the leading figures in Norwegian entomology.
Helliesen was particularly interested in beetles (Coleoptera) and had a large collection from Rogaland, and he recommended that Strand start collecting beetles.
Strand had no formal education in zoology (or entomology), and he said that this was a conscious choice, reckoning that a full-time entomologist had to deal with a lot of paperwork.
Strand also took many trips abroad as part of his work in the Telegraph Service, but he did not collect beetles from abroad; he stated that his interest was limited to Nordic species.
This collection was later left to Lund University, which already had a large collection of ground beetles collected by Carl H. Lindroth.
He also used to drive a car with a net hanging out of the car window, or moped along forest roads, while holding the net out from the handlebars.
On January 5, 1853, Seymour was worn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Genesee County 1st district as a Republican.
He was then sworn in as a member of the Michigan Senate on January 7, 1857 where he served until 1858.
In 2019 she was the recipient of the Saidye Bronfman Award, part of the Canadian Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts.
Her work is included in the collection of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
Amoako Atta I, (born Kwasi Panin; 1853– 2 February 1887), was the paramount chief of Akyem Abuakwa in nineteenth century southern Ghana.
This development led to a clash between the old traditional Akan culture and the imposition of the new Western Christian political order.
Born in Akyem Abuakwa capital, Kyebi in 1853, the young royal was had his early education at the Kyebi Basel Mission Primary School.
He was an allied soldier in the Sagrenti Anglo-Ashanti War in 1874, fighting for the interests of British, led by Major-General Garnet Wolseley.
He instructed one of his sub-chiefs, Nana Ampaw, divisional monarch of Kukurantumi in northeastern Kyebi to provide a parcel of stool land between Kukurantumi and Ejisu to the colonial government for the resettlement of the Juaben refugees who named their new home, New Juaben with their administrative capital at Koforidua.
During his reign, Amoako Atta I was accommodating to the Basel missionaries operating in his kingdom, as they had been his tutors a few years prior.
In the second half of 1868, missionary activity focusing on freeing palace-owned slaves resulted in rising political strain between the chief and Basel missionaries.
As slaves became liberated, baptised and educated, Amoako Atta felt that his authority was being undermined by the Basel Mission, as new Christians lived in their own quarters called Salem..
Furthermore, Amoako Atta I, his sister, Kyerewaa and, the Okyehene’s mother, Ampofoaa, other royal courtiers and traditional state functionaries opposed conversion of domestic slaves to Christianity and the abolition of local slavery as they viewed the practice as a wealth generator for influence peddling.
The Basel-trained missionary and Akan linguist, David Asante was the cousin of Amoako Atta and lived in Kyebi as the resident minister.
He disagreed vehemently with his relations and preached the egalitarian ideals of freedom and justice which diluted the social hierarchy of African traditional authority.
By mid-1875, this anti-slavery campaign had led to the liberation of 100 to 200 slaves by David Asante and other Basel missionaries.
The exiled Okyehene returned to the Gold Coast on 8 January 1885 and was re-enstooled as chief by popular acclaim of his subjects.
The natives blamed the catechist of the Kyebi Basel Mission Church, Joseph Bosompem for the pilfering, which culminated in clashes between traditionalists and Christians.
In January 1887, the colonial government summoned Amoako Atta to a commission of enquiry set up in Accra to investigate the skirmishes.
He thus helped his team to a fourth-place finish, their highest-ever position in the top flight, while earning a spot in UEFA competitions for the first time in history.
Before retiring from the game, Kostić spent the final years of his career with Jedinstvo Paraćin, playing in the lower leagues.
Individual event for badminton at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held in Muntinlupa Sports Complex, Metro Manila, Philippines from 5 to 9 December 2019.
The 2020 season will be Barcelona Sporting Club's 95th season in existence and the club's 62nd season in the top flight of Ecuadorian football.
Barcelona is going to be involved in three competitions: the main national tournament Liga Pro, the national cup called Copa Ecuador, and the international tournament Copa Libertadores.
In the last season, Barcelona had three different coaches, but on 17 December 2019 the club hires the Argentinean coach Fabián Bustos.
Mary McMichan, one of the school's founders, requested in her last will that the school be renamed in honor of her brother.
Their work is included in the collection of the Montreal Museum of Contemporary Art and the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
Tajeli Salamat (born February 7, 1994) is a Singaporean professional footballer who plays as a defender for Singapore Premier League club Home United.
Tajeli was called up to the Singapore U22 at age 25 for the 2019 SEA Games in Manila as an overaged player.
The Sambaad (dialogue) is named after the world's tallest mountain Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) which is also a symbol of friendship and is meant to promote the notions of common good and collective well-being of humanity.
The first episode of the Sambaad is scheduled to be held from 2 to 4 April 2020 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nepal), in collaboration with the Institute for Foreign Affairs, Nepal and Policy Research Institute, a government policy think tank.
Deliberations on this theme is expected to contribute to identifying effective responses to combat climate change, by contributing to the sustainable development and complementing existing multilateral processes.
Largely, the dialogue will be an opportunity to devise on the actions needed to realize the Sustainable Development Goals and commitment made under the Paris Agreement to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
The sixteen national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of minimum 18 and maximum 23 players, minimum three of whom must be goalkeepers (Regulations Articles 24.1 and 24.2).
Incumbent Angel Taveras did not seek reelection, and instead (unsuccessfully) sought the Democratic nomination in the coinciding Rhode Island gubernatorial election.
The election pinned Democratic primary winner Jeorge Elorza against former mayor Buddy Cianci, who was running as an independent, and Republican Daniel S. Harrop.
During his time in Canada, he refused to fight in the War of 1812, and as punishment was imprisoned as an American sympathizer.
In 1835, Bradshaw was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Wayne County district as a Democratic.
The Bears, led by 1st-year head coach Greg Gary, play their home games at Hawkins Arena in Macon, Georgia, as members of the Southern Conference.
Henry Mobsby (1860–1933) was a British/Australian artist and photographer, who helped film some of the earliest motion pictures produced in Australia.
Henry William Mobsby (1860-1933) was born on 17 August 1860 in Hove, Sussex, England the son of William Mobsby, a watchman, and his wife Sarah.
He received training in art, design, chemistry and commercial practice at the South Kensington School of Arts, London and the School of Arts, Brighton.
He was appointed an artist and photographer with the Department of Agriculture and Stock in 1897 and the Chief Secretary’s Department and the Intelligence and Tourist Bureau in 1907.
He became an assistant to Frederick Wills in 1899, who had been charged by the Queensland government to make an early form of motion picture, a cinematograph, celebrating the state’s primary industries and resources.
Within six months Wills and Mobsby had produced thirty 1 minute films of excursions they took around Queensland, the Torres Straits, and topical events such as the Boer War departure of Queensland troops.
Mobsby took over as official artist and photographer for the Department of Agriculture in 1904 and continued in this role until 1930.
The Mobsby Memorial medal was created in his son’s name and awarded to Year 8 students at Indooroopilly State School from 1916-1950.
Two boxes of his papers, photographs and other materials are held in the University of Queensland Fryer Library and his albums have been digitised.
The key observation is noting that these Ramsey-type theorems can be expressed as the assertion that a certain category (or class of finite structures) has the Ramsey property (defined below).
Structural Ramsey theory began in the 1970s with the work of Nešetřil and Rödl, and is intimately connected to Fraïssé theory.
It received some renewed interest in the mid-2000s due to the discovery of the Kechris–Pestov–Todorčević correspondence, which connected structural Ramsey theory to topological dynamics.
is given credit for inventing the idea of a Ramsey property in the early 70s, and the first publication of this idea appears to be Graham, Leeb and Rothschild's 1972 paper on the subject.
Key development of these ideas was done by Nešetřil and Rödl in their series of 1977 and 1983 papers, including the famous Nešetřil–Rödl theorem.
This article will use the set theory convention that each natural number formula_1 can be considered as the set of all natural numbers less than it: i.e.
This can be represented as a function formula_8 mapping each element to its label in formula_9 (which this article will use), or equivalently as a partition of formula_10 into formula_4 pieces.
What types of structures are allowed depends on the theorem in question, and this turns out to be virtually the only difference between them.
There is also a notion of a dual Ramsey property; formula_81 has the dual Ramsey property if its dual category formula_104 has the Ramsey property as above.
In 2005, Kechris, Pestov and Todorčević discovered the following correspondence (hereafter called the KPT correspondence) between structural Ramsey theory, Fraïssé theory, and ideas from topological dynamics.
For a Fraïssé structure formula_148, its automorphism group formula_149 can be considered a topological group, given the topology of pointwise convergence, or equivalently, the subspace topology induced on formula_149 by the space formula_151 with the product topology.
District 1 includes Carter, Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Servier, Sullivan, Unicoi, along with Washington counties and a section of Jefferson County.
Hot and Bothered (A Re-Creation) is an album by American bandleader Mercer Ellington recorded in 1984 and released on the Doctor Jazz label the following year.
The album features Duke Ellington compositions that were originally recorded in the 1920s and 30s performed by a mix of east and west coast musicians.
The Dolakha-Sindhupalchwok ropeway is an ropeway conveyor connecting the talc and magnesium mine at Kharidhunga with the processing plant at Lamosanghu in Nepal.
A.C. Madan who collectd his material at Zanzibar around 1890, described Mrima being the area between Wasini and Kipumbwi at the mouth of the Msangasi River, about 25 km south of the Tanzanian town of Pangani.
In southern Kenya there is a village and a small mountain called Mrima about 20 km north of Vanga, Kwale County.
Red Satin also known as Satin Rouge () is a 2002 Tunisian Arabic-language women oriented drama film written and directed by Raja Amari on her feature film directorial debut.
After the death of husband, attractive georgeous widower Lilia's (Hiam Abbass) life revolves solely around her teenage daughter Salma (Hend El Fahem).
Whilst looking for Salma late one night as the latter's transformation begins when she becomes suspicious of her teenage daughter of engaging in a secret relationship with Chokri (Maher Kamoun), a darbouka drummer in Salma's dance class.
The women are very different from Lilia as they wear colourful clothing, they are showing their midriffs, and they are dancing in a sensual manner to the drumbeat.
While Lilia begins dancing nightly, she simultaneously begins a romantic relationship with Chokri, who is still unaware that Lilia is Salma's mother.
She later finds out it is because Salma has asked Chokri to meet her and Chokri, realizing his relationship with Salma is getting serious.
Abdul Muyeed Chowdhury is a retired career bureaucrat and former adviser, with the rank of minister, of Latifur Rahman caretaker government.
The video is all cartoon animated and features Thalía working on a time travel gadget that her doggy snatches and travels to an unknown time to.
When she gets her dog back, she takes him with her back to the present and she is so happy that she doesn't realize that she altered the timeline.
Joseph F. Lisa (born January 20, 1937) is an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1969 to 1976 and in the New York City Council from the 34th district from 1983 to 1991.
During his career, he served as deputy secretary in Prime Minister's Office during tenures of Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif and Malik Meraj Khalid.
He also served as Deputy High Commissioner of Pakistan to India (2001-03), Director General South Asia desk (2005-06) and Consul General Los Angeles (2006-10).
The Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque () of Sohar is located opposite Bait Bahjat Al Andhar in the Wilayat of Sohar It was named after the previous Sultan of Oman, HH Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said.
Janegale M. Boyd is a Democratic politician who served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1996 to 2000.
Boyd moved to Tallhassee in 1972 with her husband, where she attended Tallahassee Community College, graduating with her associate's degree in nursing in 1975.
When State Representative Allen Boyd opted to successfully run for Congress rather than seek re-election, Janegale Boyd, his sister-in-law, ran to succeed him in the 10th District, which stretched from Apalachicola to the Tallahssee suburbs and down into North Central Florida.
Boyd ended up defeating Blue in a landslide, winning 67% of the vote to his 33%, and winning sizable majorities in all of the district's counties.
In 2000, when incumbent State Senator Pat Thomas was unable to run for re-election due to term limits, Boyd ran to succeed him in the 3rd District, which included Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, and Wakulla Counties.
She faced fellow State Representative Al Lawson, former Leon County Sheriff Eddie Boone, and Dean J. Fenn in the Democratic primary.
Given the sizable African-American electorate in the district, most observers assumed that Lawson would be able to secure a spot in the primary runoff based on his support from black voters, leaving Boone and Boyd to fight for the second spot in the runoff.
Florida Consumer Advocates, an association of the state's trial lawyers, backed Boone and spent hundreds of thousands of dollars attacking Boyd for her votes in favor of limiting public access to wetlands, selling drivers license information to private companies, and allowing holders of out-of-state concealed-carry permits to bring their weapons into the state.
As expected, Lawson placed first in the primary, receiving 39% of the vote, and advanced to the runoff, where he was joined by Boyd, who edged out Boone for second place, 31–23%.
In the runoff, the trial lawyers continued to air advertisements against her, including a new advertisement that attacked her 1999 vote in favor of tort reform.
Boyd condemned the advertisement as inaccurate, arguing that the group was blaming her for the Firestone accidents and that she cast her vote based on the best information she had at the time.
Boyd, in turn, attacked Lawson for his vote against legislation that required mandatory sentences for criminals who used guns during crimes.
Lawson, along with many other members of the legislature's black caucus, had voted against the legislation out of worries it would be disproportionately used against African-American offenders.
Ultimately, despite the perceived closeness of the race and despite overwhelmingly outspending Lawson, Boyd lost the runoff to Lawson in a landslide, winning just 41% of the vote to his 59%.
While Boyd won the counties that made up her State House district by wide margins, Lawson racked up larger margins in Gadsden County and Leon County, which ultimately allowed him to easily win.
After leaving the legislature, Boyd became the President and CEO of the Florida Association of Homes and Services for the Aging.
When he goes to collect hus prize, he faces hurdles from those who try to steal the lottery from him due to his age.
Irteassh is an all-girl A cappella band based in Karachi, Pakistan, which appeared in Coke Studio (Pakistani TV program) in Season 10.
The four girls were discovered by Salman Ahmed of Junoon (band) during a musical competition and he then took them to Coke Studio.
Soon after the show, they formed a band and Ayesha Akbar Waheed came up with the name Irteassh that means wave forms of the voice.
He was French Ambassador to Brazil from 1968 to 1972, to Japan from 1973 to 1975 and to the United States from 1977 to 1981.
Laboulaye was born in Washington in a family of diplomats, he is the son of André Lefebvre de La Boulaye, French Ambassador to the United States, and Marie Hély d'Oissel.
A law graduate and a graduate of Sciences Po, attracted by diplomacy, he was first at the Red Cross' disposal, where he was Deputy Director General.
After a period in Berlin and at the Quai d'Orsay in the sub-directorate of the Levant, he was appointed Embassy Counsellor in Ottawa and then in Washington in 1954.
Upon his return to France, he was in charge of missions at the General Directorate of the Compagnie française des pétroles and then at the Political Affairs Directorate at the ministère des Affaires étrangères.
First Embassy Counsellor in Moscow from 1962 to 1965, he became Ambassador to Brazil (1968 to 1972) and Japan (1973 to 1975).
From 1977 to 1981 he was appointed Ambassador to Washington, where he succeeded Jacques Kosciusko-Morizet, and was elevated to the rank of French Ambassador on 27 September 1978.
Meetei folklore or Meitei folklore or Manipuri folklore is the folklore of the Meitei speaking people of Manipur, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh, Myanmar and other regions.
The Kanglei mythology (Meitei mythology) is one of the main constituents of the Meitei folklore, which has thousands of myths and genres related to the Meitei religion.
The Meitei folktales originated from the grandmas and grandpas who narrated thousands of tales to their grandchildren, while waiting for the meal to be ready by the adults in every Meitei household.
Some of the most common folktales are the tales of Sandrembi Chaisra, Keibu Keioiba, Uchek Langmeidong, Lai Khutshangbi, Poubi Lai, etc.
Currently, the Government of Manipur is planning to preserve the rich folk resources of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
The 2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 12th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Paris, France from November 28 to November 30, 2014.
Highway 99 traverses the southern base of the mountain between Cayoosh Pass and the west end of Duffy Lake, while Mount Chief Pascall rises on the opposite (south) side of this highway.
Victor Sebastian Rohr (1873-1965), who spent 40 years in British Columbia and was a missionary to the First Nations in the region between Skookumchuck and Williams Lake.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The bridge was confirmed to be part of a £500 million redevelopment deal to Sunderland City announced in November 2019 by Legal & General.
Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Ḥilli (; 1278-1349), more fully known as Safi al-Din Abd al-Aziz ibn Saraya al-Hilli, al-Ṭāʾī al-Sinbisī, Abu ’l-Maḥāsin, was a 14th century Arab poet.
Despite his being one of the most famous poets of his century, the historical record of Al-Hilli's life is often vague.
Al-Hilli's birth is recorded as August 26 1278 in most sources, though one of his contemporaries gives his birth as October or November 1279.
After he achieved his initial success as a poet, wars and disasters forced him to leave Iraq in 1302, leaving behind his wife and family.
Fredrik Marinus Kruseman (12 July 1816, Haarlem - 25 May 1882, Saint-Gilles) was a Dutch painter who specialized in Romantic style landscapes.
He received his first drawing lessons from Jan Reekers (1790 - 1858) and attended the Vocational School in Haarlem from 1832 to 1833.
That year, he began to study painting with Nicolaas Johannes Roosenboom and, in 1835, moved to het Gooi, where he took advanced studies with Jan van Ravenswaay.
It was established in 2008 by Act LXXV of 2008 and its tasks have been expanded by Act CXCIV of 2011.
The government of the day did this because the then-Head of the Fiscal Council had criticised it for an anomaly in the plans for crisis taxes.
György Kopits drew attention to a clause in the 2011 budget which stated they would be in place until the end of 2014, although with reduced revenue targets.
The main members are Danny Sorentino (lead vocals, guitar, harmonica), Rob Ruiz (bass guitar, backing vocals), Rory Judge (drums), Steve Barbieri (lead guitar, backing vocals), Russ Kerger (keyboards), and Steve Lee (lead guitar, backing vocals).
They have performed thousands of gigs, mostly in the greater San Francisco Bay and North Bay Areas, but also throughout California and the United States, and have toured in the United Kingdom as well.
He graduated from Rancho Cotate High School in Rohnert Park (Sonoma County), and studied at Santa Rosa Junior College (Santa Rosa, California).
Danny has worked as a longshoreman in the San Francisco Bay Area since 2004, and is a member of the ILWU.
Prior to forming The Chills, Danny Sorentino was a member of the Billy C. Farlow Band from 1979 to the end of 1980.
The initial line-up included Danny Sorentino (lead vocals, guitar, harmonica), Steve Barbieri (lead guitar, backing vocals), Rick Escalante (bass guitar), and Ed Bale (drums).
Ellery King took over the bass chair for about nine months, and then Julia Farey (later of the band Big Trouble) took over bass duties for about six months before Rob Ruiz joined as the permanent bass player.
Danny Sorentino and Rob Ruiz met at the Mabuhay Gardens nightclub in San Francisco in 1985 when they were with separate bands, The Chills and The Bats, respectively, that shared the same bill one night.
The next line-up included Danny Sorentino (lead vocals, guitar, harmonica), Steve Barbieri (lead guitar, backing vocals), Rob Ruiz (bass guitar, backing vocals), Dave Carlson (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Dean Johnson (drums).
At this point The Chills morphed into Danny Sorentino And The Sinners, and Steve Barbieri and Dave Carlson left the band, and Gary Reynolds took over the lead guitar spot, which made the line-up Danny Sorentino (lead vocals, guitar, harmonica), Rob Ruiz (bass guitar, backing vocals), Gary Reynolds (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Dean Johnson (drums).
During this time the band did most of their auditions for music industry A&R executives in Los Angeles, and it was during this time that the band was named one of the best unsigned bands in the country by the New Music Seminar (music conference and festival), and they performed at the New Music Seminar in New York City in 1987.
Howard Vatcher (lead guitar) is from Eureka, California, and played with the rock bands Mister Science and Stereotactics prior to joining The Sorentinos.
Howard and his twin brother Don have also released several albums of their own music, as members of the San Francisco Bay Area-based electronic rock duo The Vatcher Brothers.
He is a veteran of the San Francisco music scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s, and has played with a wide variety of bands from punk to polka, and has played with the jazz band On The Air and the roots rock trio The GoldDiggers, and with many local and national jazz musicians, including Howard Alden.
He has played on several of The Sorentinos albums, and has been in the current live line-up since Howard Vatcher left the band in 2014.
He has been a part of the Sonoma County music scene for over 30 years, and has been involved in numerous bands and recording projects.
They have appeared in music videos on cable TV channel MTV in the 1980s, and have had radio airplay on northern California radio stations such as KRCB, KRSH, and KSRO.
Danny Sorentino has recorded four solo albums (supported by members of The Sorentinos and guest musicians), and two country-flavored albums as Lucky Buck And The Winners, and a new wave-vibe one-off album as Popular Beat Combo.
The Sorentinos play a wide variety of styles within the rock music genre, including rock and roll, Americana, blues rock, country rock, folk rock, roots rock, rockabilly, with influences from blues, British blues, R&B, country, folk, jazz, Latin rock, psychedelic rock, and many others.
Their musical influences include The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, the San Francisco Sound (including the Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna, Quicksilver Messenger Service, New Riders of the Purple Sage, Moby Grape, Santana), The Kinks, The Who, The Yardbirds, Cream, Traffic, Led Zeppelin, The Byrds, The Doors, The Allman Brothers Band, Little Feat, Muddy Waters, B.B.
The following is a list of session musicians who have appeared on one or more of the Sorentinos albums (includes albums recorded as The Sorentinos, as Danny Sorentino, as Lucky Buck And The Winners, as Danny Sorentino And The Sinners, and as Popular Beat Combo), and/or who have performed with one or more of the Sorentinos live line-ups.
All albums and tracks are on The Major Label and published by Golden Guinea Music, administered by Bug Music (BMI) (unless otherwise indicated).
The Sorentinos have played thousands of gigs, mostly in bars, cafes, pubs and nightclubs, but also in many larger venues, as well as music festivals and street fairs.
A 27-minute documentary of this tour was directed, filmed and edited by Dan Ruttley, and produced by Steve Lee and Dan Ruttley.
The following is a partial list of some of the notable concerts, festivals and venues in which The Sorentinos have performed.
The following is a partial list of some of the artists for whom The Sorentinos have performed as an opening act.
A detailed list of the musical gear (musical instruments and audio equipment) used by The Sorentinos can be viewed on the band's website.
Previous to being hired as the president of the Detroit Lions, Wood was a close associate of the Ford family that owns the team, and worked as the President and CEO of the Ford Estates.
In February 2017, Wood unveiled plans for the first major renovation to the Detroit Lions’ home stadium, Ford Field, since it opened its doors in 2002.
The $100 million investment incorporated a complete overhaul of the audio and visual experience that features new videoboards as well as a new state-of-the-art sound system.
The documentary project was influenced and inspired by the death of director's own mother who died when the director was only five years old at the time.
The director who is a married woman without any children in real life, confronts with the issue of infertility which is a concern in Niger.
In Sri Lanka, a Non-cabinet minister (also referred to as Minister of State, State minister, Project minister, District minister, Senior minister) is politician who is a Minister, but not a member of the Cabinet of Ministers.
A non-cabinet minister can be in charge of a ministry, be attached a ministry of a cabinet minister or be without a ministry.
Under the of the Sri Lankan Constitution, the President on the advice of the Prime Minister can appoint a Member of Parliament as a Minister who will not be a member of the Cabinet of Ministers and assign subjects and functions, as well as ministries (if any) which are to be in charge of.
A Cabinet Minister by publishing in the Gazette can delegate to a non-cabinet minister any power or duty coming under the subject or function assigned to the cabinet minister by law.
Each minister is entitled to three vehicles, which includes an official vehicle and security vehicles provided and maintained by their ministry.
In the Sri Lankan order of precedence, deputy ministers are placed after the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, but before the Chief Government Whip (if the whip does not hold a ministerial position).
In the Sri Lankan order of precedence, non-cabinet ministers are placed after the Governor of the Province (within their respective province) and the Chief Minister (within their respective province).
Reinhard Hillebrand (March 10, 1810 – September 13, 1887) was a Texas politician that served in the Texas Senate for District 26.
Hillebrand had experience as a county judge in 1869 prier to being elected to the Texas Senate, and he had been imprisoned during the American Civil War by the Confederates.
The 2012 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 11th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Vienna, Austria from November 30 to December 2, 2012.
Amma rajayam lo kadapa biddallu is an Indian Telugu-language political satire film directed by Siddartha Thatolu and Ram Gopal Varma and produced by Ajay Mysore.
Director Siddharth Thatholu along with the supervision of Ram Gopal Varma focused more on the unnecessary elevations for the hero and the slow-paced narration will test the patience of the audience.
The 1921 Wiley Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Wiley College during the 1921 college football season.
The Wiley team met Talladega in a post-season game on December 9 to determine the black college football national championship; the game ended in a 7–7 tie and both teams are recognized as co-champions.
It is published by the department of philosophy of Masaryk University two times a year and distributed all over the country.
From 1837 to 1838, he learned landscape painting from Nicolaas Johannes Roosenboom and, in 1839, won a silver medal at an exhibition in ’s-Hertogenbosch.
He set off travelling again in 1853; visiting the Rhine region, Switzerland and North Italy; painting some of his few mountain landscapes.
Just before his death, he paid an extended visit to Twente and Drenthe, where he sketched the dolmens in addition to his usual landscapes.
His works may be seen at the Rijksmuseum, the Amsterdam Museum, the Teylers Museum, the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen and the .
He carries on with his career as of today and he is the official Italian voice of Zac Efron and Tom Felton.
Other actors Aquilone had dubbed includes Rami Malek, Liam Hemsworth, Anton Yelchin, Devon Bostick, Dane DeHaan, Daryl Sabara and many others.
The 2011 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 10th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Cali, Colombia from October 15 to October 16, 2011.
The 1922 Hampton football team was an American football team that represented Hampton Institute in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1922 college football season.
In their second year under head coach Gideon Smith, the Pirates compiled a 6–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 52 to 25.
Ministers, in the Sri Lankan Government, are members of Parliament who hold ministerial appointments from the President to perform certain functions of government.
Under the thirteenth amendment to the constitution, provides for each provincial council, the appointment of a Board of Ministers, headed by a Chief Minister and a maximum of four other Provincial Ministers.
Each Cabinet Minister is entitled to three vehicles, which includes an official vehicle and security vehicle provided and maintained by their ministry.
The Multi-Payload Processing Facility (MPPF) is a facility at Kennedy Space Center constructed by NASA in either 1994 or 1995 and used for spacecraft and payload processing.
The high bay is certified for the processing of hazardous materials such as high-pressure gasses, hypergolic propellant, ammonia, oxygen, and fluorocarbons.
Following the end of the Shuttle program in , it is slated to process the Orion spacecraft, and is also available to process hazardous or non-hazardous Space Launch System (SLS) payloads if necessary.
Design work on upgrading the MPPF for Orion processing began in during the Constellation program, but actual installation and modification work only began in .
Orion spacecraft processing will be performed by the Spacecraft and Offline Operations team while the SLS is being stacked on the Mobile Launcher in the Vehicle Assembly Building.
These flight commodities include monomethyl hydrazine fuel and nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer used in Orion's propulsion systems, ammonia coolant for thermal control, and Freon for the service module's radiator system.
The MPPF will also be used to de-service Orion capsules that have returned from space and remove any residual flight commodities.
Due to the hazardous materials involved, loading and unloading of flight commodities will be remotely monitored and controlled from one of the firing rooms inside the Launch Control Center and performed by technicians wearing Self Contained Atmospheric Protective Ensemble (SCAPE) hazmat suits.
Arjun Suravaram is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film written and directed by T.Santhosh and produced by Rajkumar Akella and presented by B.Madhu.
The protagonist Arjun Suravaram, played by Nikhil is a third generation journalist, who takes to the profession despite opposition from his idealistic but now skeptical father, who feels that the fourth estate has lost its moral compass in the present times and hence his son should stay away from journalism.
However, as feared by his father the young reporter gets trapped himself, in a fake educational loan and certificate scam, which he now has to unearth, in order to prove his innocence, as well as to help the society at large, to cleanse the system of such evils.
Lavanya Tripathi plays Kavya, Arjun’s love interest, collaborator, an aspiring Journalist, and the daughter of the owner of a TV channel Arjun works for.
Together as they try to unravel the mystery of the scam, they discover that there is a far more sinister network beneath the surface and their life is under grave threat from the evil forces.
The director should be appreciated taking up a topical issue, that of fake certificates..Nikhil Siddharth as the investigative reporter puts in a sincere performance and he is convincing.
Nikhil has the knack of choosing interesting stories and effectively portrays the part of a purpose-driven reporter who is vulnerable when the tables turn against him.
Burak Can Yıldızlı (born July 9, 1996) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Power forward for Beşiktaş Sompo Japan of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL).
The river has its source in the Ola Plateau of the Kolyma Highlands, southwest of Atka at an elevation of .
It flows SSE for about then it bends and flows SSW across the Ola Lowland, bending again and flowing roughly southwards.
Jhadupudi railway station is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah-Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone.
In between 1893 and 1896, the coastal railway track from Cuttack to Vijayawada was built and opened to traffic by East Coast State Railway.
The mercenary identifies herself as Cara Dune, a former Rebel shocktrooper who had left her position and is hiding on the planet, which she asks the Mandalorian to leave.
Dune and the Mandalorian find a set of tracks in the mud outside the village and identify that the raiders have an Imperial AT-ST, a small armored walker with heavy guns.
The Mandalorian and Dune show the farmers how to defend themselves and then set up traps in the krill ponds for the AT-ST.
The Mandalorian then throws a thermal detonator into the walker, blowing it up, and the raiders flee back into the forest.
The Mandalorian tells Dune and Omera that he plans to leave the Child there as he feels it would be a better life.
Dallas Howard also stated Pedro Pascal was not present during filming due to other commitments and the role of The Mandalorian in this episode was performed by stunt actors Brendan Wayne and Lateef Crowde.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds an approval rating of 91% with an average rating of 7.45/10, based on 22 reviews.
The 2010 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 9th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia from November 27 to November 28, 2010.
The Battle of San Salvador (1641) was an expedition launched by the Dutch and their aboriginal allies in Taiwan against the Spanish in 1641.
As Chinese merchants brought news of the Spanish withdrawal to the Dutch, telling them that the Spanish intended to abandon Formosa altogether and were merely waiting for permission from the king.
The Dutch were growing interested in northern Taiwan because they had heard reports of gold mines in the northeast and felt they could not go prospecting until the Spanish had been removed.
In August 1641, a Dutch expedition sailed to the Bay of Jilong to study the Spaniards' situation and, if possible, capture San Salvador.
Later, even though the Dutch outnumbered the Spanish and had the support of hundreds of aborigines, the Dutch commander realized he did not have enough cannons to mount a proper siege.
Not long afterward, emissaries from Danshui went to the Dutch headquarters in Zeelandia and, according to Dutch sources, officially handed over their lands to the Dutch, in the same manner that the villages of the southwestern plains had done in the 1630s.
Without help from Manila, the Spanish had little means of withstanding a Dutch attack, which is exactly what happened in the Second Battle of San Salvador.
Moreover, by burning Kimaurri and mocking the Spanish beneath their very fortress, the Dutch had denigrated the Spaniards' military reputation, an attribute most necessary in the warlike world of seventeenth-century Formosa.
On January 3 2014, she became the first woman Foreign Service officer of Bhutan appointed by a royal decree as the ambassador to United Nations.
In November 2014, Namgyel led the Bhutanese Delegation in the second United Nations conference on Landlocked developing countries in Vienna, Austria.
She asked the attendees to enable and promote economic growth so that the nation as a whole can build on its economy.
On April 22, 2016 Bhutan signed the Paris Agreement in New York for climate change under Namgyel's tenure as the ambassador.
In her statement, Namgyel shared that Bhutan is vulnerable to the climatic changes and this agreement is a collective fight towards protecting the climate.
She said that Bhutan as a nation is committed to the cause and also urged other 174 participating nations who signed the agreement to support Bhutan in this fight.
The sanctuary was notified in September 1939 under the name of 'Weltigan Wild Life Sanctuary' with an area of foremost for the protection of waterfowl.
Muhammed Doğan Şenli (born July 16, 1992) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Center for Bahçeşehir Koleji of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL).
In the VI Constitutional Government of East Timor, Pereira was one of four Ministers of State and Minister of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.
During the 24 years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor (1975-1999), he lived initially in the Portuguese capital, Lisbon, where he studied music and worked as a civil servant.
From 1991 to 1999 he was executive director of the Australian-based international humanitarian organization East Timor Relief Association Incorporated Inc. (ETRA), which advocated the independence of East Timor and provided humanitarian aid.
Between 1999 and 2001, Pereira was the PSD representative in the National Council of Timorese Resistance (CNRT), the umbrella organization of the East Timorese independence movement.
From 1999 to 2000, he led the National Emergency Commission, which provided care to those who had been traumatised by violent militia attacks.
From 2000 to 2001, he was a member of the (NCC), which aimed to represent the population of East Timor in the UN administration.
In that capacity, Pereira was appointed Deputy Spokesman, Chairman of the Standing Committee on Budget and Finance, and Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee on Political Affairs.
From 2002, Pereira was Chief of Staff to the then Presidents Xanana Gusmão and José Ramos-Horta, respectively, until 8 August 2007, when he was sworn in as Secretary of State of the Council of Ministers and government spokesman.
On 8 August 2012, upon the commencement of Prime Minister Gusmão's second term, as leader of the V Constitutional Government, Pereira was promoted to Minister of State of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.
After Gusmão resigned prematurely as Prime Minister and was replaced by Rui Maria de Araújo, Pereira continued as Minister of State of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.
Following the parliamentary elections in 2017, the CNRT went into opposition, and Pereira was replaced in his ministerial post by .
However, on 29 September 2017 opposition members were included in the government, and Pereira was appointed Deputy Minister of the Prime Minister for the Delimitation of Borders.
Dabo was born in Lagos state,a geographical area of south-western Nigeria that is occupied predominantly by the Yoruba speaking people of Nigeria.
Dabo after his education in Nigeria pursued further education in the United States of America in pursuit of a Master’s Degree.
Dabo in 2015 had political aspirations to represent Owo federal constituency in Ondo State at the Federal House of Representatives In Nigeria.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he became an actor with Northeast Film Studio (a predecessor of Changchun Film Studio).
Thomas Deane (1645–1713) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 17th century and the first two decades of the eighteenth.
He was appointed Prebendary of Clonamery in Kilkenny Cathedral in 1671; Treasurer of Waterford Cathedral in 1687; and Dean of Cloyne in 1704; and held all three positions until his death.
His most notable contribution to atomic physics was in 1947 when he was the first to treat the capture of resonance radiation in gases correctly (later applied in laser physics, astrophysics and photochemistry, but was also applied to phonons and in the solid state).
Other significant papers included the polaron (introduction of the small polaron), infrared absorption of metals, a microscopic theory of the collision drag phenomenon by Brian Pippard, Bloch Electrons in magnetic fields (Hall effect) and his review on the transport properties in an electron-phonon gas.
He corrected the Förster-Dexter theory of photoinduced energy transfer between molecules and found new mechanisms for energy transfer in disordered systems.
He became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences in 1976 and 1981, respectively.
Secondina Lorenza Eugenia Cesano (16 February 1879 - 13 August 1973) was an Italian numismatist and professor of numismatics at the Sapienza University of Rome.
The most striking trace in the Medieval literature is left by the writers:Theodosius of Tarnovo, Methodius Svetogorets, Stefan Svetogorets, Konstantin Kostenechki, Gregory Tsamblak, Dimitar Kantakuzin, Tsani Ginchev.
With dozens of novels, poetry and short stories, the creators Petko Slaveykov, Emiliyan Stanev, Assen Razcvetnikov stay in the history of the modern Bulgarian literature.
Contemporary Artists Nikola Donchev Totev - founder of the company of Turnovo artists, Angel Karaneshev, Ivan Valchanov, Asen Momchev, Angel Angelov, Blagoi Ivanov, Velio Mitev, Georgi Kostov, Krasimir Dobrev - Doctors, Margarita Pueva, Velio Mite, h. x. Jordan Popov, Nestor Ivanov, Denio Chokanov.
During the period of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, the clothing of the rulers consisted of the following elements: dalmatia / divtation, loros, purple, zohus.
The first fashion show took place in the city, it was the work of Evdokia Antonova, daughter of Anton Zarkov Zlatev, a well-known merchant of fabrics, money-lender and chiflikchia.
In the streets, under lit streetlights, on aristocratic streets, citizens with rags and bombs and their wives with long dresses, crinolines, ruffles – wavy / corrugated / ornaments as well as wide, rich Buffon decorations were increasingly visible.
The traditional women's Tarnovo costume consisted of: a hairpiece - mostly white (in some cases with red patterns), a white shirt with red or red-green patterns around the sleeves, a black dress, a black apron with several alternating rows of patterns: green, yellow, red, slippers – silver or gilded, pendants.
Ntsele is widely known for leading the AmaHlubi in a battle against the then AmaNgwane tribe lead by Tshani and came out victorious.
His reign was at the pre-period of both Hlubi's prosperity lead by Bhungane II (son) and the period of power-struggle and fragile state of the tribe which was at peak during Mthimkhulu II's reign (grandson).
In fact, Jessica is the music teacher of Femi's son Jason (Alvin Abayomi) and it causes a conflict of interest between the father and son.
The film collected ₦4.9 million in the opening weekend and grossed a sum of ₦7.9 million in the opening week since its release.
He was elected as MLA from 44 (ST) Ukhrul Assembly Constituency in the 11th Assembly Elections as an Indian National Congress candidate for the term 2017-2022 AD.
Alfred Kan-Ngam Arthur is the second son of AS Arthur who is a retired Bureaucrat and a politician from Shangshak Phunghon village in Ukhrul district.
Prior to joining politics, Alfred had a short stint as a musician and a vocalist in a rock band and thereafter turned to social work.
For the first time, he was fielded in the Assembly Elections in Manipur as a Congress candidate in 2012 general elections.
However, he lost the elections to his nearest rival, Samuel Risom from the Naga People's Front by a narrow margin of 56 votes.
The improvement of government run educational institutions in Ukhrul district and revamping of Ukhrul District Hospital are attributed as outcome of Alfred's constant arguments and reminders in the state Assembly.
Pettigrew College, one of the oldest colleges in Manipur and the only government college in Ukhrul district which was in a dysfunctional state was revived through the initiative of Alfred.
He is also considered a strong advocate for youth reformation and empowerment owing to his active involvement in several youth related activities.
Opera Cup was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on December 5, 2019 at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York City, New York.
The main event was the final round of the Opera Cup tournament between Davey Boy Smith Jr. and Brian Pillman Jr., which Smith won.
In other prominent matches on the undercard, Myron Reed successfully defended the World Middleweight Championship against El Lindaman, Jimmy Havoc defeated Mance Warner in a Prince of Darkness match, Gino Medina defeated Savio Vega in a New York City Street Fight and Contra Unit defeated Strong Hearts.
Opera House Cup was annually held as a professional wrestling tournament for nearly fifty years in various cities in the United States until 1948, when Stu Hart won the tournament and it was discontinued.
On July 30, MLW.com announced that the family heirloom was Stu Hart's Opera Cup trophy and MLW would be bringing back the Opera Cup tournament on the December 5 supercard, naming it Opera Cup.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
On November 13, MLW.com announced that the first match in the opening round of the Opera Cup would feature Brian Pillman Jr. against TJP, who would be making his return to MLW since 2004.
The following day, it was announced that as per the decision of the Hart family, The Dynasty members MJF and Alexander Hammerstone would be competing against each other in the opening round of the Opera Cup.
On November 18, it was announced that the Hart family member Davey Boy Smith Jr. would be taking on Pro Wrestling Zero1 wrestler Shinjiro Otani in the third match of the Opera Cup tournament.
On November 21, the final match in the opening round of the Opera Cup was announced pitting Timothy Thatcher against Dynasty member Richard Holliday.
On November 18, MLW.com reported that Contra Unit was involved in an altercation with Japanese wrestlers during MLW's visit to Japan.
The following day, Strong Hearts (Cima, El Lindaman and Shigehiro Irie) issued a challenge to Contra Unit for a match, which was made official for Opera Cup, thus marking the MLW debut of Strong Hearts.
At Saturday Night SuperFight, Mance Warner defeated Jimmy Havoc and Bestia 666 in a Stairway to Hell match but Havoc attacked Warner after the match.
On November 25, MLW.com announced that Havoc and Warner would compete against each other in a Prince of Darkness match at Opera Cup.
On November 26, it was announced that the recently debuted mixed martial artist King Mo would compete in a match at Opera Cup.
On December 2, MLW.com reported that Lawlor had demanded a match against a member of Von Erich family, which was denied by Ross and Marshall Von Erich, speculating that a new member of the Von Erich family would be competing against Lawlor at the Opera Cup.
She is the first woman and black African to chair South Africa’s Competition Tribunal, a body set up under the Competition Act to adjudicate cases referred to it by the Competition Commission.
She acquired a degree in Law from the University of KwaZulu-Natal and a B.Juris from the University of the Western Cape.
She began her career at Cheadle Thompson and Haysom Attorneys where she worked as a candidate attorney, professional assistant and associate partner.
In 1999, she joined the Competition Commission first as an investigator in the mergers and acquisitions division and then was later appointed as a senior investigator in the enforcement and exemptions division.
She then joined Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr in 2005 as a director in its competition department and was appointed as head of the department in 2006.
Since 2013, she has been a member of the tribunal and was appointed its chair in August 2019 by President Cyril Ramaphosa.
The 2008 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 8th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Malmö, Sweden from November 28 to November 30, 2008.
The film features Ramana, Mansi Pritam, Swathi and newcomer Akhila in lead roles, with Ponnambalam, Crane Manohar, A. K. Veerasamy, Peeli Sivam, S. Sriskandarajah, Kovai Sarala and K. R. Savithri playing supporting roles.
Bharathi (Ramana) arrives in Munnar to work as an estate manager and his assistant Sanjini (Mansi Pritam), who is from Mumbai, helps in his job.
One day, a labourer working in the estate dies of snakebite and they cannot save in time so Bharathi arranges a job interview to appoint medical staff.
Later, Sanjini tells Bharathi that she considers him like a brother and she ties a rakhi around his wrist thus Bharathi symbolically becomes her brother.
Roja (Swathi), a childlike woman full of joy, spends her time roaming with her friends and Bharathi begins to suspect her of being his secret lover.
Bharathi comes across a middle-aged woman (K. R. Savithri) and she tells him that she was the one who has written the letters.
A few months ago, Devi (Akhila) attended the nurse interview and Bharathi who interviewed her praised her for her well-thought answers.
One day, Devi had an epileptic seizure and was admitted to the hospital, the doctors revealed that there was no treatment to cure for epilepsy.
Thereafter, Devi and her mother decided to meet Bharathi but during the drive, they had an accident and Devi was heavily wounded.
Bharathi goes to their place and finds Devi in a pitiful state: Devi has wounds all over her body and has developed an unusual behaviour.
Jānis Brikmanis (25 February 1940 – 18 April 2019) was a Latvian zoologist, environmental conservationist, radio and television presenter, and writer.
After graduation he worked at the chemical plant in Olaine before he got a teaching position at the Daugavpils Pedagogical Institute in 1970.
Over a period of 35 years, Brikmanis was a public figure in Latvia as the presenter of several radio and television programs about animal life, in particular about birds.
In 2015 he received the Cross of Recognition from the Latvian state, in recognition of his lifelong contribution to environmental protection and promotion.
He was married to Vija Brikmane whom he met in Daugavpils when he was a lecturer and she was a student.
It is a double storied structure and, just like most other examples of Tughlaq era architecture, is made up of rubble.
This refers to the popular story of an islamic saint , who had occupied a part of the building(two chambers to be exact) after it had been abandoned by the rulers, vanishing into thin air towards the end of his life.
The monument, and the stepwell next to it, were built by Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq in the year 1351 AD .
The hunting lodge, along with an enclosure for game animals, was built by the Sultan following the death of his favorite son, Fateh Khan, to help him divert his mind by hunting.
Sangita Patil is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party and a Member of Legislative Assembly of Gujarat representing Limbayat constituency.
Patil sought the imposition of 'Disturbed Areas Act' in her constituency which prevents the selling of property of one community member to another community member without prior permission of a collector.
She has been accused of using a dummy candidate for her third year BA exam by a local Shiv Sena leader; she refuted the claim and filed a defamation case.
Qarachar Noyan (1166 – 1243/44 or 1255/56), also spelt Karachar, was a Mongol military commander under Genghis Khan as well as a paternal ancestor of Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire.
Though there is little mention of him in early sources, where he is only described as a military official, the link Qarachar provided between the old Mongol Empire and the Timurid dynasty was paramount to the latter's foundational history.
His role and that of his relations were thus heavily expanded and potentially mythologised by Timurid court historians, who portrayed him as a hereditary supreme commander and administrator endowed with a unique intimacy with the ruling clan.
This disparity in information results in the actual details regarding his life and position becoming matters of dispute among modern academics.
Having belonged to the Mongol Barlas tribe, the two acted as one of the delegations representing the group at the event.
According to the thirteenth century historian Juvayni, Qarachar later had a base in Taloqan from which, in 1222, he marched on Merv to suppress a rebellion.
By 1227, he and his contingent had been assigned to the retinue of Khan's second son Chagatai, a transfer which is also mentioned in the works of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani.
In such works, his ancestry (which is never clarified in earlier accounts) is said to link to that of Genghis Khan.
His paternal grandfather was stated to be Erdemchu Barlas, son of Qachuli, himself a son of Tumanay Khan, Genghis Khan's great-great-grandfather.
Qarachar's father Suqu Sechen was depicted as having been a trusted advisor of Yesugei, Genghis Khan's father, having been present at the latter's birth and foretelling the infant's future greatness.
There, after having received their homage, he praised the wisdom of the latter and urged his sons to follow his council and commands.
Genghis Khan then ordered the division of his empire among his progeny, bestowing to his second son Chagatai the lands of Transoxiana, which would later become the Chagatai Khanate.
In continuation of a covenant made between their respective great-grandfathers Qachuli and Qabul, he commended this son to Qarachar's care, who was also entrusted with the administration and armies to manage on his behalf.
Yazdi records that Qarachar subsequently occupied a prominent position in the Chagatai court, performing the actual duties of ruling while the Khan revelled and hunted.
This arrangement is mentioned by other Timurid historians such as Hafiz-i Abru, who states that as generalissimo, he undertook matters of law, rule and custom.
Conversely, Yazdi narrates that he had outlived the Khan by thirteen years, dying in 652 AH (1255/56 CE) at the advanced age of eighty-nine.
Depending on the source, he may have had up to nineteen sons, with his descendants forming seven of the Barlas clans of Turkistan and Transoxiana.
The first historian to question the narratives presented by Timurid histories was Constantine d'Ohsson in 1834, who stated that they were falsified, with the character of Qarachar being an invention due to an apparent lack of mention in the works of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani.
However, he was only described as being one of Chagatai's military chiefs as opposed to an all-powerful vizier, leading to an implication that his position and exploits had been greatly exaggerated.
This is a view shared by Yuri Bregel, who adds that there is no evidence that Qarachar enjoyed any special power.
Togan also states that the general importance of the Barlas among the Chagatai tribes was proved by the influential marriages made by Timur and his sisters prior to the former's ascension.
Such influence, she states, would have led to marriages between the imperial clan and the Barlas, of which there is no evidence of from the time of Qarachar to Timur.
In relation to this, Eiji Mano adds that while he believes that the tribe had a shared origin with Genghis Khan, by Timur's time the Barlas had become relatively unimportant.
John E. Woods extensively discussed the matter of Timur's ancestry, including Qarachar, and stated his belief that the conqueror had manipulated his genealogy for political means.
Woods relates that as a non-member of the imperial clan, Mongol law dictated that Timur was unable to rule under his own name, instead being forced to make use of a puppet-Chagatai Khan.
To justify his own paramountcy being more legitimate, Woods argues that Timur used the genealogical traditions of Qarachar to suggest that he had a hereditary right to govern the khanate.
These corps, which combined the roles of an elite military division, imperial bodyguards and supervisors of the imperial household, were a central institution for the Mongols, under whom the leadership was hereditary.
She therefore believes that the contingent of Qarachar which had been assigned to Chagatai by Genghis Khan, unspecified in Mongol histories, would have been this division.
She further states that since members of the corps were traditionally given administrative roles, this would tie in with the influence in government attributed to Qarachar.
The figure skating competition at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held from 29 November to 1 December 2019 at the SM Megamall Ice Rink.
Atner Khoosanguy (born October 8, 1948) is a Chuvash Russian philologist, literary critic, publicist, leader of the Chuvash national movement, first President, now honorary President of the Chuvash national Congress.
He was born in the family Of people's poet of Chuvashia Peter Khoozanguy and actress, people's artist of the USSR Vera Kuzmina.
He graduated from the Oriental faculty of Saint Petersburg State University (Specialization —Arabic Philology and postgraduate studies) and postgraduate study from the Institute of Oriental studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1992-1997 he was the President of the Chuvash National Congress established on his initiative, from 1997-2002 he was the first Vice-President of the General Assembly of the Organization of unrepresented peoples and nations.
Clapp earned her Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the University of Michigan and her Masters degree and PhD in International Political Economy from the London School of Economics.
After conducting her post-doctoral fellowship at Cambridge University, Clapp returned to North America and accepted an Associate Professor position at York University.
It was also shortlisted for the Donner Prize, an award given to a book considered to be excellent in regard to the writing of Canadian public policy.
She would also be appointed Associate Dean of Research on January 1, 2012 and win the Canadian Association for Food Studies Award for Excellence in Research.
The year after her last term, Clapp was appointed a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Global Food Security and Sustainability, and was the recipient of a Trudeau fellowship for her work in global environmental and food policy.
Two years later, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for her contributions to global environmental politics and international food security.
The next year, she received the Royal Society of Canada's Innis-Gérin Medal for enriching social sciences literature, and the Distinguished Scholar Award of the Environmental Studies Section of the International Studies Association.
He served in the Latifur Rahman Cabinet in charge of the ministries of Communications, Water Resources, and Power, Energy and Mineral Resources.
She has won three British titles in 2017, 2018 and 2019 and has reached 3rd place on the British all time rankings with the new specification javelin which was introduced in 1999.
2F-QMPSB (SGT-13) is an arylsulfonamide-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a fluorinated derivative of QMPSB and has been sold as a designer drug.
Its identification was first reported by a forensic laboratory in Italy in January 2019, and it was made illegal in Latvia shortly afterwards.
Fluorination of the tail group is a common strategy to increase potency at cannabinoid receptors which is seen in many related series of compounds.
Royal American Shows (RAS) was a leading American traveling carnival company that operated from the 1920s to the 1990s in the United States and, until the 1970s, in Canada.
Sedlmayr was born in Falls City, Nebraska, of German ancestry, and after his father died in 1897 was sent to live with relatives in Kansas City, Missouri.
In 1924 he began running the company in partnership with two brothers, Curtis J. Velare (1880–1970) and Elmer C. Velare (1884–1947), who specialized in operating and running mechanical fairground rides.
The business expanded rapidly through the 1920s and 1930s as Sedlmayr signed lucrative contracts with state fairs and festivals throughout the Midwest, Southern United States, and western Canada.
In 1938, when employees at the Barnum & Bailey Circus went on strike, RAS were able to expand further into spaces left vacant by the circus, but during World War II, restrictions on rail use meant that the company was unable to travel to Canada.
Sedlmayr then owned and operated the Rubin & Cherry shows for two years in partnership with Sam Soloman, before relaunching Royal American Shows as the company's sole owner in the mid-1940s.
The fairground rides embraced new technology that had been developed in World War II, and included four Ferris wheels placed side by side.
After Carl J. Sedlmayr Sr. died in 1965, the business was run by his son Carl J. Sedlmayr Jr. (1919–2001) and grandson Carl J. Sedlmayr III (1945–1991).
The increasing cost of rail transport affected the finances of the company, and in 1975 the company was accused of tax evasion and fraud by the Canadian authorities.
Sedlmayr Jr. vowed never to return to Canada, and many of the company's properties remained in storage there until the 1990s.
From 1993 to 1996, he was the president of the Gdańsk Branch of Polish Mathematical Society (PMS) and next, he was the vice president of Polish Mathematical Society(2011–2013).
Armagh County Council was formed under orders issued in accordance with the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 which came into effect on 18 April 1899.
Gianluca Brunetti (born 1 June 1962 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian civil servant who has been serving as Secretary-General of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) since 14 November 2018.
After graduating from high school, he obtained a degree in political sciences from the University of Naples Federico II, where his field of study was international politics with a specialisation in European Union law and politics.
He also took courses in leadership and organisational change at Harvard Business School, Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley.
He started his career in 1985, as a lecturer in health law and social legislation at the Naples local health authority.
From 1986 to 1990 he worked at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, where, in 1989, he also lectured in public international law at University of Strasbourg's Institute for Translators, and Interpreters and International Relations.
In May of the same year, he joined the secretariat of the European Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee, where he stayed until 2000, when he moved to its Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee.
He was appointed head of staff relations in May 2004, and became head of internal organisation and human resources in 2006.
In 2010, Brunetti moved to the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) as director of human resources and internal services, and later became director of human resources and finance in an internal reorganisation in 2017.
The son of Robert Butts, Bishop of Norwich from 1733 to 1738, he was educated at Charterhouse and St Catharine's College, Cambridge.
The power plant is located along the River Nile, in the city of Juba, the capital and largest city of South Sudan.
The plant, which opened in November 2019, serves about 100,000 households and is the first phase in a larger plan to bring 100 megawatts of new power to the world's newest country by the end of 2021.
The Ezra Group plans to spend US$290 million in building generation capacity of 100 megawatts in South Sudan, over the next few years.
The government of South Sudan is expected to pay back that loan over the next 17 years, using funds generated from electricity sales to individuals, businesses and factories.
He was convicted for committing war crimes during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War and the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh sentenced him to death in December 2014 for crimes against humanity.
Qaisar was born on 19 June 1940 in the village of Itakhola under Madhabpur in Habiganj of the then British India (now Bangladesh).
According to his testimony to the Bangladesh Election Commission, Qaisar passed Secondary School Certificate from Armanitola Government High School, Higher Secondary School Certificate from Jagannath College and received BA degree.
Dakshin Barasat is a village within the jurisdiction of the Jaynagar police station in the Jaynagar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Archaeological excavations at Dhosa and Tilpi, on the bank of the Piyali River indicate the existence of human habitation around 2,000 years ago.
After the partition of India, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata.
It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, political science, philosophy, education, physics, chemistry, mathematics, zoology, botany, micro biology, economics, geography and accounting & finance, and general courses in arts, science and commerce.
Padmerhat Rural Hospital at with 30 beds at Dakshin Barasat is the major government medical facility in the Jaynagar I CD block.
Londonderry County Council was formed under orders issued in accordance with the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 which came into effect on 18 April 1899.
Pablo Jarillo-Herrero (born June 11, 1976 in Valencia) is a Spanish physicist and current Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
During the Latvian War of Independence he served as commander's assistant to Riga railway junction, then for many years worked as Legal Adviser to Latvian Railways Administration and Latvian Ministry of Transport Department of Highways and Roads.
During his activities, he has organized two international chess tournaments in Ķemeri (1937, 1939), as well as significantly increased chess life in Latvia.
During World War II, he worked for the Ostland's Department of Physical Education and Sports, where he was responsible for chess.
In the spring of 1947, in Göttingen he was one of the founders of the Latvian Olympic Committee in exile who wanted to ensure the participation of Latvian athletes in 1948 Summer Olympics.
It reached 195th place on the Oricon weekly chart, all of the 1000 copies of the first press were sold out.
Arvīds Tālavs (before the change surname was Arvīds Taube; 3 January 1906 – 17 April 1992) was a Latvian chess player.
In 1944 Arvīds Tālavs moved to Germany, and in 1949 he emigrated to Australia, then he lived permanently in Canada until the end of his life.
The plot revolves around Tomás Inclán (Francisco de la Reguera), a young musician who tries to make his sound creations recognized nationally and internationally.
The Institute conducts comprehensive research of theoretical and scientific-applied problems of the Chuvash language, literature and folklore, history, archaeology, Ethnology and arts of the Chuvash people and socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic.
On August 17, 1930, the Secretariat of the Chuvash regional Committee of the CPSU (b) decided to reorganize the Council of science and culture, founded in April 1928, into a research Institute.
August 18, 1930 the Council of people's Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR on the basis of the Council of science and culture formed the Chuvash complex research Institute.
In August 1932, the Institute underwent reorganization: on the basis of the agricultural sector of the Chuvash complex research Institute, The research Institute of socialist reconstruction of agriculture was formed (it existed until 1934).
On August 10, 1933, the Council of people's Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR reorganized the Chuvash comprehensive research Institute into two institutions: the Chuvash research Institute of industry (which existed until 1936) and the Chuvash research Institute of social and cultural construction.
On August 25, 1938, the Institute was renamed the Chuvash scientific research Institute of language, literature and history by the resolution of the Council of people's Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR.
January 1, 1948 according to the Resolution Of the government of the Chuvash ASSR of November 14, 1947 the Institute was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash ASSR and became known as the Chuvash research Institute of language, literature and history under the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash ASSR.
From that moment the Institute became known as the Chuvash research Institute of language, literature, history and Economics under the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash ASSR.
In November 2019, it was announced that Asan Mugunghwa, the police football club in which the South Koren footballers served their two-year military duty, would be transformed into a civil football club, where non-South Korean foreign footballers will also be able to play.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1334, where 720 are males and 614 are females.
The 2006 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 7th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Rotterdam, Netherlands from November 17 to November 19, 2006.
Plumbrooke Estates, also known as Plum Hollow Estates, is a residential historic district located along Plumbrooke Drive north of Nine Mile Road and west of Evergreen Road in Southfield, Michigan.
The area of Southfield that includes the present Plumbrooke Estates was set aside for residential development in the 1920s, as the rise of the automobile made the farther suburbs more accessible from Detroit.
Although other sections of this land were developed soon after, Plumbrooke Estates remained an undeveloped investment property until after World War II, when it was sold to Muriel C. Alger.
Development by Maceday Construction began immediately, and the first model homes opened in the neighborhood in May 1961, and by 1965 all but eight of the 97 lots had been sold.
The houses are located along Plumbrooke Drive, which has a series of six cul-de-sacs projecting from one side of the street so that the majority of the houses are on a cul-de-sac.
Of these, 65.7% spoke Belarusian, 19.9% Yiddish, 6.2% Russian, 5.7% Polish, 1.4% Lithuanian, 0.4% Tatar, 0.3% German, 0.1% Chuvash and 0.1% Mari as their native language.
It was built in a transitional period between common usage of traditional vernacular architecture and adoption of high styles that became common in Beaver after 1915.
The Saignelégier–Glovelier railway is a railway built and operated by the Régional Saignelégier–Glovelier (RSG) company as a standard-gauge railway from Saignelégier to Glovelier in Switzerland.
In 1944, the railway was merged to form the Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ), which converted the line to metre gauge and electrified it at 1500 Volt DC.
The main lines, which were formed quite early in the Jura were built primarily to connect to France and did not serve the Franches-Montagnes.
Operations were in deficit several times up to 1918 and almost continuously in deficit from 1918 to 1944, causing the railway facilities to become run down.
To simplify operations of the railway was then converted to metre gauge and was operated from 4 October 1953 as a metre-gauge railway with 1500 V DC and new rolling stock.
The transhipment of containers carrying garbage from trucks to trains was moved from the street to the area of the former freight shed.
The construction of a metre-gauge line between Glovelier and Delémont has been sought to avoid the need for passengers travelling to Delémont changing in Glovelier.
Although the federal government would have funded 85 percent of the cost, the canton of Jura rejected the provision of its share the funding in a referendum on 17 May 1992.
Because the CJ is electrified at 1500 Volt DC and the SBB at 15 kV AC, multi-system equipment would be required.
After the exit from Saignelégier station the line runs down a gentle slope to Le Bémont and on to the halt of Pré-Petitjean (formerly Montfaucon), where the depot of the La Traction heritage railway is located.
The line runs on a 2.5% slope past the small lake of Plain de Saigne to the halt of La Combe (formerly Lajoux station).
Running along the rocky abyss of Combe-Tabeillon, the line passes through several short tunnels and the former halts of Sceut and Le Fondeval (formerly Saint-Brais).
The line takes a long right turn to reach the local station, where it is possible to transfer to SBB services to continue to Delémont or Porrentruy.
The Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) in Winterthur delivered three steam locomotives, Ed 3/4 1 to 3, for the commencement of operations in 1903.
The locomotives corresponded to a standard type first built in 1902, which was designed for the Seetal Railway and several were built for small secondary lines.
After the procurement of the two steam railcars, the locomotives were only used in front of freight trains and heavy passenger trains.
Ed 3/4 1, which was the only one to receive a superheater (in 1939), was also sold to Sulzer after the regauging of the Saignelégier–Glovelier line at the end of 1952 and was used at the Winterthur works.
The only surviving steam locomotive of the CJ is Ed 3/4 2 taken over by the Dampfbahn-Verein Zürcher Oberland in 1972.
When running in reverse, the driver had to watch the track from the rear platform; he could use a whistle and an emergency brake.
While Lower Kaithu has the primary health centre, Upper Kaithu has the City Police Lines, Public Works Department colonies along with a temple.
And None of Them Knew They were Robots (stylized as ...And None of Them Knew They were Robots and also known as the Robots) were an English hardcore punk band from Leeds formed in 2000.
Their music was influenced by Sunny Day Real Estate, Planes Mistaken for Stars, Cave In, Braid, Fugazi, Hot Water Music, Small Brown Bike, Les Savy Fav and At The Drive-In.
Sonyaa Ayodhya (born 12 July 1995) is an Indian film and television actress best known for her role as Ruby in Nazar on Star Plus.
The head of the foreign policy department of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan also said that the agenda would primarily consist of issues on international peace and security.
Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro officially handed the presidency of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, during the inaugural ceremony of Leaders' Meeting.
Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia through the initiative of President of Yugoslavia Joseph Broz Tito, President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru, President of Indonesia Sukarno, and President of Ghana Kwame Nkrumah.
After the breakup of Yugoslavia, a founding member, its membership was suspended in 1992 at the regular ministerial meeting held in New York during the regular annual session of the United Nations General Assembly.
As of October 2019, the organization consists of 120 member states, including the non-UN member state of Palestine, as well as 17 other observer countries and 10 observer organizations.
Approximately, two-thirds of the United Nations' members are represented at the Non-Aligned Movement, and they comprise 55% of the world's population.
The 18th Summit was decided to be conducted in the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku at the 17th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit held in Venezuela.
Organizing Committee for hosting the 18th Summit of the heads of states and governments of the member countries of the Non-Aligned Movement was established according to the Decree of the President Ilham Aliyev on February 11, 2019.
During his welcoming speech, President Ilham Aliyev stated that heads of state and governments of nearly 60 countries, and overall representatives of around 160 countries and international organizations being attended at the Summit.
President of UN General Assembly Tijjani Muhammad-Bande and the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross Peter Maurer also attended the event.
According to Deputy Foreign Minister Ramiz Hasanov, the participation of heads of 60 states and governments in the Baku Summit of NAM was confirmed.
The head of the foreign policy department of the Presidential Administration also said that the agenda would primarily consist of issues on international peace and security.
Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov opened the second meeting and highlighted youth empowerment to be one of the priority areas during Azerbaijan's chairmanship, as well as first-ever NAM Youth Summit to be held in Baku on October 24, 2019.
The officials discussed the final document of the Summit, as well as a joint statement of NAM leaders and two documents to be presented for foreign ministers’ meeting.
Venezuela's Foreign Minister Jorge Alberto Arreaza Montserrat, handed the presidency of the ministerial meeting for three years at the opening ceremony of the meeting.
After opening remark of Elmar Mammadyarov and listening to the report of Senior Officials Meeting which was delivered by George Arreaza, the ministers starts to review the documents (Final Document, Baku Declaration, Declaration on Palestine and the General Report).
Then the Venezuelan President, Nicolas Maduro, as the chair of the 17th summit declared the opening of the 18th summit and presented the report of NAM's chairmanship during the past three years.
After Maduro, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, President of the 74th session of the General Assembly of United Nations Tijjani Muhammad-Bande, UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo, Chair of the Group of 77 Riyad Mansour, and Azerbaijan's Minister of Foreign Affairs Elmar Mammadyarov delivered their opening speeches.
The summit's final document ratified on October 26 by the 120 members of NAM, emphasizes strengthen NAM solidarity in combating terrorism while highlighting that terrorism should not be associated with any religion, nationality, civilization or ethnic group.
It declared the central importance of the development dimensions in trade negotiations and maintain that a successful conclusion of the Doha Development Round.
Member states called serious, collective efforts to bring a complete end to the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, in accordance with and in full respect of international law.
In addition, Member States expressed their regret in regard with the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, Nagorno Karabakh remains unresolved and continues to threaten international and regional peace and security despite of the United Nations Security Council resolutions.
The Youth Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was organized for the first time in NAM's history in Baku on October 24 on the initiative of Azerbaijan.
The 2019 SBS Drama Awards (), presented by Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS), took place on December 31, 2019 at SBS Prism Tower, Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul.
Of these, 34.0% spoke Polish, 28.3% Yiddish, 26.1% Belarusian, 6.7% Russian, 3.6% German, 0.3% Ukrainian, 0.3% Chuvash, 0.3% Tatar, 0.2% Bashkir and 0.1% Lithuanian as their native language.
In 1968 the government of Raúl Leoni decreed the creation of several protected spaces including forest reserves that include the Caura Area, in 2008 the government of Hugo Chávez created the Caura Plan to protect the resources of this Space.
Finally in March 2017 the administration of Nicolás Maduro decreed the creation of the Caura National Park to preserve the spaces of this extensive region between the states of Bolívar and Amazonas.
The most important plant species are: cabimo oil, carob tree, araguaney, mahogany and carapa, among many others, with a surface of 7.534.000 Ha.
Many of these populations are affected by hunting pressure due to population growth, according to research by the University of Washington and the Wildlife Conservation Society published in 2016.
Cuando los hijos regresan is a 2017 Mexican comedy film directed by Hugo Lara Chávez, from a screenplay by Claudia González-Rubio.
The settlement is located on the Irmen River, it is situated 60 kilometers southwest of Novosibirsk, 32 kilometers northeast of Ordynskoye and 8 kilometers from the coast of the Novosibirsk Reservoir.
Instead of hands she possesses scorpion-like claws, which she uses to great effect when fighting with members of The Great Rebellion.
She possesses claw-like pincers instead of hands and a powerful tail which she can employ to capture members of the Rebellion.
Her tail is at times a disadvantage to her as She-Ra uses it several times to hurl her out of the way.
She is not the most intelligent member of the Horde and is easily fooled, which is evidenced on several occasions, most notably when she allows Bow to enter the secret factory of the Horde believing him to be a handsome inspector.
Nonetheless, she usually winds up as Catra's sidekick in her attempts to get revenge on Adora or advance the Horde's agenda.
Scorpia is also one of the Princesses of Power: her family the original rulers of the Fright Zone before they capitulated to Hordak and surrendered their Black Garnet runestone to him.
As the series progresses, Scorpia became good friends with Entrapta while having romantic feelings towards Catra in wanting to help her while constantly making excuses for Catra's abusive behavior.
Eventually, after standing by as Entrapta was sent to Beast Island during the 3rd season, Scorpia leaves the Horde after accepting Catra to be increasingly unstable and see the alliance's help in rescuing Entrapta.
She accompanies Catra and Entrapta into attacking Castle Bright Moon only for She-Ra to cut off her scorpion tail (which She-Ra used on Catra) and kill her.
Of these, 73.2% spoke Belarusian, 12.0% Yiddish, 8.6% Lithuanian, 4.7% Polish, 1.2% Russian, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% German as their native language.
The now scattered occurrences can be interpreted as relics of a contiguous distribution during the last Ice Age, when the Adriatic Sea was partially dried up and the rivers had common lower reaches.
In 2016 the U.S. Route 163 (US 163) bridge crossing the San Juan River on the south border of the town was renamed to be the Jason R. Workman Memorial Bridge after a member of SEAL Team Six who was killed in action in Afghanistan on August 6, 2011.
Workman was killed, along with 37 others, when a Chinook helicopter transporting Seal Team Six was shot down on August 6, 2011, on its way to aid in an intense firefight, in the war in Afghanistan.
The 2004 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 6th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Móstoles, Spain from November 26 to November 28, 2004.
Berkay Enes Taşkıran (born January 17, 1997) is a Turkish professional basketball player who plays as Shooting guard for Türk Telekom of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).
The 2019 SBS Entertainment Awards () presented by Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS), took place on December 28, 2019 at SBS Prism Tower in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul.
The 2002 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 5th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Punta del Este, Uruguay from November 23 to November 24, 2002.
Gabriel Veron Fonseca de Souza (born 3 September 2002), known as Gabriel Veron, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Palmeiras as a forward.
Born in Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, Veron joined Palmeiras' youth setup in 2017, from local side Santa Cruz de Natal.
Roughly one year later, after returning from international duty, he agreed to a pre-contract until 2024, active on his 18th birthday.
Veron made his first team – and Série A – debut on 28 November 2019, coming on as a second-half substitute for Willian in a 1–0 away loss against Fluminense.
On 5 December, after coming on only in the second-half, he scored twice and provided an assist to Dudu in a 5–1 home routing of Goiás; by doing so, he became the second-youngest player to score for the club.
Already a regular at Brazil under-17s, Veron was included in Guilherme Dalla Déa's 21-man list for the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup on 20 September 2019.
An undisputed starter during the competition, he contributed with three goals as his side lifted the trophy for the fourth time, and was subsequently awarded the Golden Ball.
In 1979, Loebe moved to Hessischer Rundfunk, responsible for opera and especially its international festivals such as the Bayreuth Festival and Salzburg Festival.
He has consistently supported an ensemble, performing eight to nine new productions per season, sometimes conducted in collaboration with other opera houses.
Loebe has supported the formation of a capable ensemble working with international guest artists, and the production of operas beyond the standard repertoire.
Loebe matched the voices of Asmik Grigorian, named singer of the year by Opernwelt, and Joshua Guerrero, who debuted in Germany as Puccini's Manon Lescaut and Chevalier des Grieux, staged by Àlex Ollé.
Gottfried Curio (born 2 September 1960) is a German politician for the populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) and since 2017 member of the Bundestag.
Curio entered the AfD in 2014 and became after the 2016 Berlin state election member of the 'Abgeordnetenhaus' (house of delegates), the federal state diet of Berlin.
It is almost the exact replica of Nine Dome Mosque built by Khan Jahan Ali in Bagerhat and Masjidkur Mosque in Khulna.
There are three archways on the east side while there are one arch on each side of the north and south.
RajasahebPet is a small village in Kadapa district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.It is located in Porumamilla mandal of Rajampeta revenue division.
The Yamamoto ruins are located on a hill near the Sea of Japan in the northern part of the Niigata Plain, at an elevation of 40 meters above sea level.
The settlement was located on the hill and surrounded by a defensive moat with width of two meters and depth of one meter.
Artifacts uncovered included pottery shards, glass beads and a small iron sword as well as a number of small bronze tubes ad plates of unknown usage.
Since the 1950s the organization started to accumulate a huge fortune, in fact, Pio Vittorio was considered one of the richest cigarette smugglers of Naples in the time, at its heyday the cigarette traffic alone gave to the Giuliano clan over 200 million lire a week.
The Giuliano family was widely known for their luxury lifestyle, family members were always seen in the company of influential people in trendy nightclubs.
In the 1980s, photos of the former football player Diego Maradona posing with some of the sons of Pio Vittorio inside a huge shell-shaped bathtub with golden taps in one of the villas of the Giuliano family made the international newspaper headlines.
The Giuliano clan had been in good terms with the Nuova Camorra Organizzata, headed by Raffaele Cutolo until the first half of 1979, but the two organizations then broke out into conflict.
Cutolo demanded to receive a cut from the Giuliano's illegal gambling centres and lottery system in his power base of Portici.
The breaking point was reached when the NCO tried to expand their territories into the Giuliano's stronghold of Forcella, Piazza Mercato and Via Duomo, in the centre of Naples.
The clash, which had occurred in a period of growing tension between the historic Camorra clans and the newly created NCO, led to the formation of the Nuova Famiglia, consisting particularly of the Giuliano clan, the Zaza clan, then headed by Michele Zaza, the Nuvoletta clan and the Casalesi clan, headed at the time by Antonio Bardellino.
After the defeat of Cutolo, the leaders of the Nuova Famiglia achieved absolute dominance over all criminal rackets in the city of Naples.
However, he was arrested in early 2000 and was succeeded by his sister, Erminia Giuliano Erminia became the boss because the only direct male heir to the family business still unimprisoned was deemed inept.
She was ranked as one of Italy's 30 most dangerous criminals, and eventually arrested on December 23, 2000, after being a fugitive for over 10 months.
In September 2002, Luigi Giuliano decided to collaborate with the Italian authorities and became a government witness, giving another hard blow to his organization.
Despite the marriage, in 1996, between Marianna Giuliano, daughter of Luigi, with Michele Mazzarella, son of Vincenzo Mazzarella, one of the bosses of the Mazzarella clan, the two organizations have always been rivals, which culminated in several episodes of violence in the 2000s.
Following the arrests and subsequent disassociation of most of the historical leaders of the Giuliano clan in the 2000s, the Mazzarella clan, taking advantage of the power vacuum left, begin to expand their territories to the centre of the city, which, in the 2010s, leads to a war between the third generation of the Giuliano family, those left, and the Mazzarellas.
After years at war, in 2015 the Italian justice delt a big blow against the Paranza dei bambini, arresting virtually the entire group.
By 2019, the group Giuliano-Amirante-Sibillo, known as Paranza dei bambini, due to the young age of its affiliates, is still active, but strongly weakened.
The Meitei language inscriptions and epigraphy are the major sources of study of ancient history of Meitei people and the kingdom of Kangleipak.
French-Soviet Joint Declaration of June 30, 1966 is an important agreement on a range of cooperation between the Soviet Union and France, signed in Moscow at the same date by President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Nikolai Podgorny and President of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle, which resumed with the Russian Federation since then.
On June 30, 1966, on a trip in Moscow of President of France Charles de Gaulle and Minister of Foreign Affairs Maurice Couve de Murville, France and the Soviet Union signed a joint declaration of cooperation on foreign affairs, science, and technology.
The trip and the signing of the treaty had both a high symbolical value and dramatic implications with respect to the situation and stance of France in the Western World during the Cold War, and to the then ongoing yet still inchoate building of the European Union.
Indeed, De Gaulle moved swiftly, as three months later only, in June 1959, he prohibited NATO nuclear weapons from being stationed in France.
De Gaulle sought to make France independent of the United States and the United Kingdom's influence and to possess the ability to conduct autonomous negotiations with the USSR should the East Germans move into West Germany.
The remark was in response to the American Secretary of State Dean Rusk, when he warned France that American nuclear weapons would be pointed at France if they performed a nuclear strike beyond the agreed plans.
In March 1966, De Gaulle removed all French armed forces from NATO control and told the United States (and other NATO military members) to leave France.
The French forces in Germany remained stationed in Germany until 1993, but in the context of a French-German military cooperation agreement.
The most worrying news was Golitsyn’s firsthand information pointing to the existence of a KGB spy among De Gaulle’s closest, most trusted advisers”.
An official who then appeared to be a member of De Gaulle’s cabinet, and who had ministerial or near-ministerial rank in 1944 in De Gaulle’s first government, had been identified in KGB discussions as a KGB agent.
A network with the code name ʻSapphire,ʼ consisting of more than half a dozen French intelligence officers, all of whom had been recruited by the KGB, was operating inside the SDECE itself.
A new section for collecting scientific intelligence had been or was being created inside the SDECE, with the specific mission of spying out U.S. nuclear and other technological advances, eventually in the Soviet interest”.
In in 1963, SDECE’s Chief of Station in Washington D.C. Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli reported spontaneously to the CIA that his hierarchy in Paris asked to him to organize a clandestine intelligence ring in the United States, with the specific purpose to collecting information about U.S. military installations and scientific researches.
What furthermore troubled Thyraud de Vosjoli is that, in their details, the objectives he was asked to spy on matched exactly a scheme that Golitsyn had revealed to his French interrogators months earlier.
Below is a translation of the major points of the French-Soviet Joint Declaration of June 30, 1966, concerning European affairs, the Vietnam War, and the sharing of technology and scientific researches including high physics and atomic energy.
Those problems obviously are of paramount importance to France and to the Soviet Union since it is from their solving that the establishment in the whole continent of a normal situation depends on, and, consequently, of a real and stable peace.
To them, the concerns are above all about the European security and the German question, on which the two parties exchanged their views.
They believe that the States of the continent must devote their efforts to the creation of conditions necessary for the agreements to be concluded, and to the establishment of a climate of detente between all the countries in particular, in the East as in the West.
Such climate would actually encourage closer relations between the latter, and the examination and settlement of the problems that arise, consequently.
To France and to the Soviet Union alike, the first objective is, in this spirit, the normalization, and then the gradual development of the relations between all European countries in the respect of the independence of each, and of non-intervention in their domestic affairs.
It was noted with satisfaction on both sides that significant progresses have been made already towards the normalization of the situation in Europe.
The latter effort must be pursued with the intention to paving the way for fruitful cooperation over Europe from all parties.
The two countries note with satisfaction that, in recent years, important progresses have been made, which are the results of De Gaulle’s trip to Moscow and the talks he had on this occasion with the Soviet leaders.
The situation in the Indochinese Peninsula was found to be increasingly worrying, due to the worsening of the war in Vietnam that is multiplying suffering and chaos in this country, and is dragging the neighboring states, Cambodia and Laos, into precariousness.
The French Government and the Soviet Government continue to believe that the only possible solution to such a situation, which poses a threat to the cause of peace, is a settlement based on the 1945 Geneva Agreements excluding any foreign intervention in Vietnam.
As for the French-Soviet scientific relations, it was found that contacts between French and Soviet scientists and researchers have become numerous and fruitful [sic].
The conversations have shown the good results already obtained in the framework of the cooperation between France and the USSR for the pacific use of atomic energy.
The French Government and the Soviet Government attach great importance to these two agreements, which will increase trade and develop cooperation between the two countries in science and technology, particularly in the most advanced fields.
It was decided on both sides to conclude a consular convention between France and the Soviet Union and to exchange negotiations for that purpose very soon.
The two governments will endeavor to concert their efforts in the interests of peace and security in Europe and in the World.
Additionally, the consultations will relate to bilateral relations, taking into account the will of the two parties to develop friendly relations and further cooperation between France and the USSR.
In order to reinforce mutual contact at the highest level, France and the Soviet Union have decided to establish a direct line of communication between the Kremlin and the Élysée, which can be used for exchanges of views and the sending of messages whenever it appears necessary.
De Gaulle invited to visit France the official Soviet leaders with whom he had talks, Mr. L. I. Brejnev, Mr. A. N. Kossyguine, and Mr. N. V. Podgorny.
The latter gratefully accepted the invitation on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Soviet Government.
The visit of De Gaulle to the USSR and the talks to which it gave rise constitute a vital contribution to the development of the understanding between France and the Soviet Union, and between the French people and the Soviet people.
Thus way, the joint efforts will contribute to a renewed feeling of confidence in the traditional role of Europe as bedrock of civilization, and in common interests in the progress of peace throughout the World.
The validity of the agreement between France and the Soviet Union survived the fall of the Soviet Union, and its terms resumed with the Russian Federation since then.
In particular, it gave birth from the inception to a close and uninterrupted cooperation between the two countries in aeronautics and space, and to regular exchanges of engineers and scientists for the development of a large range of technologies.
In 1968, France had made operational her Guiana Space Center in Kourou, in French Guiana, South America, from which she began to launch satellites with Ariane (rocket family) rocket launchers.
In 2019, the Guiana Space Center of Kourou is co-managed by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), French rocket builder Arianespace, and Azerbaidjani satellite operator Azercosmos.
In the 2000s, ESA partnered with Russian company TsSKB Progress and the Russian federal Space Agency Roscosmos, and the latter built the launch-pad Ensemble de Lancement Soyuz–ELS (Soyuz (rocket) Launch Pad) in the French Guiana Space Center of Kourou.
Finished in September 2010, it is identical to the Russian launch pad of Baikonur Cosmodrome, and has been co-financed by Arianespace multinational European company and the European Union.
Since 2011, Russia is launching satellites with commercial rockets Soyuz-2, imported in parts in the French Guiana Space Center of Kourou and assembled on site.
The latter cooperation justified the settlements of a number of other Russian companies in French Guiana that currently hires numerous Russians in the place.
Additionally, France and the Soviet Union developed a close partnership in intelligence activities from 1962, which resumed eventually with the Russian Federation and until today (2019) either..
Kiadtisak Chaodon (; born 19 July 1999) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Thai League 2 club Udon Thani.
In September 2019, he was called up to the Thailand U23 national team for the SEA Games training campIn 2020, He squad for the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship with Thailand U23.
Following his father's death, he was raised in Mellieħa by his mother and attended the Lyceum in Ħamrun as a student.
He later studied history by correspondence at London University, where he graduated with a BA in History in 1953, MA in 1965 and PhD in 1971.
Wettinger started lecturing at the University of Malta in 1972 and held various posts at the University throughout his career, including Head of the Department of History and Dean of the Faculty of Arts.
He also held various terms as the President of the Malta Historical Society (1984-1986, 1989-1992, 1997-1999, 2003-2005) and was a founding member and editor of Melita Historica, the Society's official journal.
Tim Burton (born September 17, 1987), known professionally as Shmee150 or Shmee, is a British car vlogger and YouTuber, who is based in London.
His YouTube channel has almost two million subscribers and features videos of him traveling to see exotic cars and maintaining and using his own car collection.
Before becoming a car vlogger, he owned an electronics web store, which he sold to become a ski instructor in New Zealand.
Subsequently, he got a job as part of the technology team at an investment consultancy firm in the City of London.
He started posting pictures of special cars he spotted on his Facebook page and on online forums beginning in 2008 as a hobby.
His online following started out small, but began to grow over the next years, causing him to quit his other job a few years after his first video.
His former cars include three McLarens, another Aston Martin, a Ferrari FF, a Porsche 911 GT3, a classic Mini, and a Morgan 3-Wheeler.
Currently, he owns ten cars, amongst them a Ford GT, a McLaren Senna, two special-edition Ford Focus RS's, an Aston Martin Vantage GT8, and a McLaren 675LT Spider.
Burton currently has almost two million subscribers on his YouTube channel, with an audience that is around 95% male and largely between 25 and 45.
Most of his income is earned through advertisements during his videos and on his social media, but Burton also generates revenue through merchandise, sponsorships, and consultancy for car brands.
He uploads about one video per day and vlogs about using and maintaining his car collection and about his road trips and travels.
In the early 1970s, Robert Ashton shared house with Carol Jerrems and Ian Macrae in Mozart Street, St Kilda, their artist associates being Ingeborg Tyssen, Paul Cox and Bill Heimerman, and Ashton's cousin Rennie Ellis with whom he shared a studio in Greville Street, Prahran.
From 1974 to 1981, Ashton was assistant director at Ellis's Brummels Gallery in Toorak Road, South Yarra, where he also exhibited.
In pursuing the best quality output for his imagery, Ashton uses advanced printing techniques including photogravure and is reviving the Collodion process for artistic purpose.
While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Cambridge University at Fenner's in the 2019 University Match.
Batting twice in the match, Bevin was dismissed for 29 runs in the Oxford first-innings by James Vitali, while in their second-innings he was unbeaten in 18, with Oxford winning by 8 wickets.
Bevin completed his postgraduate studies at Oxford in 2019, returning to New Zealand where he is employed as an urgent care doctor in Auckland.
The is a pair of Japanese distance markers akin to a milestone, consisting of two earthen mounds flanking the route of the old Tōkaidō highway located in what is now part of the city of Ichinomiya, Aichi Prefecture in the Tōkai region of Japan.
The 1988 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 29 July - 7 August 1988 at the Leicester Velodrome.
The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción is a temple of worship Catholic Church and predominantly baroque style located in Villamelendro de Valdavia, belonging to the municipality of Villasila de Valdavia, province of Palencia, autonomous community of Castilla y León, Spain.
The Fuero de Villasila y Villamelendro granted by Alfonso VIII in 1180 attests to the existence of both towns at least since the 12th century, with the priests of both parishes coming to Carrión to request this privilege.
The part of the presbytery presents a slightly different alignment from the rest of the nave, so it can be deduced, being closer to the village, that this is the oldest part over which the rest of the building was enlarged.
On 21 February 1527, during the general chapter of the Order of Santiago, which took place in Valladolid, and which was presided over by Carlos I of Spain, the examination of the books of the visitation carried out in Old Castile by Lope Sánchez Becerra and Juan Alonso, a priest of Montemolín, was begun.
As a result of the 1549 pastoral visit to the church of Santa María de Villamelendro, documentation was left about the works that were being carried out at that time where the work of the Cantabrian master stonemason is accredited Juan de la Cuesta natural from Secadura, in the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, which is the bulk of the current church building.
Both the portico and its paving, as well as a later revision of the buttresses and sacristy, seem to respond to works that took place after the Juan de la Cuesta factory.
In 1771, Manuel Jacinto de Bringas, mayor of the province of Toro, created a file for the Count of Aranda detailing the state of the congregations, confraternities and brotherhoods in the towns of this jurisdiction.
Villasila and Villamelendro are included in this report, with 4 Brotherhoods, 6 Guardianships and 6493 reales de vellón provided for these celebrations as both sacred and profane expenses.
It replaced the old masonry and brick tower with a hipped roof and two loopholes in the mid-20th century, as it threatened ruin.
This is preceded by a portico with an access door with lowered arch flanked on the left and right with openings, lintels to sardinel.
Although originally they would have been open, they were blinded after their construction, perhaps to protect the parishioners who congregated in the atrium from the cold.
The space of the portico behind the opening on the right was used as liturgical storage from some time after its erection until its restoration in 2012, when this storage was amortized.
These works were focused on the recovery of the portico roof, cleaning of the interior facade and replacement of the adobe wall of the East enclosure by a thermo-clay wall.
From that moment on, the atrium recovers the original space, except for the vanos that are glazed, bringing the original clarity to the interior, but offering protection from the atmospheric elements.
When cleaning the floor of the space freed up by this storage area, it was found that the stones perceptible in the area of the doorway also continued towards this side of the portico.
A motif repeated in so many church entrances in the area and which could correspond to some kind of protective sun symbol at the time of the entrance to the temple.
An ashlar also appeared, reused as a footing for a buttress of reinforcement after the work of Juan de la Cuesta, with a series of grooves that after the analysis of the experts of the Fundación de Santa María la Real of Aguilar de Campóo, determined that it was a Renaissance moulding reused at a later time than the main work.
The grooves, 15 in all, are finished off with a semicircle at the top, and between the grooves there seems to be a kind of rope column.
In 2014, the gate, which was damaged by these works to refurbish the atrium, was restored by removing several layers of paint that had accumulated over the centuries.
In the process of restoration, two more crosses were found to have been kicked, carved on the outside of the left door.
A nail from the Ferrería de El Pobal in Muskiz was also used, as well as two other restored nails from local constructions that show a four-lobed exterior.
This motif of a kicked cross is repeated on several doorways in the Palencia and Burgundy areas, with the cross almost always in the same position to the right of the main door.
This custom could be associated with some kind of protective ritual already within the nineteenth century, probably the epidemic of cholera of 1855.
Each parish had at least two confraternities: one was the Vera Cruz Confraternity and the other the Animas Confraternity, which would explain their generic presence in other parishes.
Oral tradition tells how in the 1970s, during the excavation of a well in the corner of the land near the sacristy, a tombstone with characters appeared, currently in an unknown location.
This served as a sundial during the summer season, and the shadow of the temple reaches this brick during the months of the heat wave, just as it arrives at noon, serving as a reference for the neighbors who were working in the vicinity of the temple.
Originally it must have been built at the beginning of the 19th century, although the current one is an extended version of the original one and has access and walls that were remodelled by the Villasila Town Hall at the end of the 20th century.
The interior consists of a single nave, separated by arches of ashlars in three bodies covered with bóveda en arista and a high wooden choir at the feet.
The altarpiece is articulated around a central niche with the image of Asunción presiding and in the side streets four panels with paintings of the life and martyrdom of Julita y Quirico and in the attic Crucifix.
On the Gospel side, there is a crucifix and altarpiece rococo identical to the one on the Epistle side but with gilded reliefs.
In the Baptistery, under the choir, there is a baptismal font with a large ribbon and with a relief of a cross kicked on one of its sides.
By analogy with the font of the nearby Church of San Pelayo in Villasila de Valdavia, we could date it to the end of the 18th century.
At the same time, other more modern works of lesser artistic interest are kept, most notably a Sacred Heart of Jesus that was offered by the family of Martín Cabezón at the beginning of the 20th century for the safe return of their son Marcos Cabezón from the Third Carlist War.
In 1987 frescoes dating from the 18th century were discovered, on the gospel side a star motif is repeated on the floor of the church entrance.
The floor of the church, except for the part of the presbytery which is from the 20th century, is the original one made of terracotta tiles.
Already from the end of the 18th century the need for burials to take place outside the church was promulgated, but it was not until later in the 19th century that the order was carried out.
That is why the wealthy chose areas as close as possible to the main altar and the poorer ones far from it.
These kneeling places were usually above the areas where their relatives were buried, and the place where the women of the same family sat from generation to generation remained.
One of them is typical of holidays, with three bands of the same size, where the first and third are crimson and the middle one is white with the cross of Santiago in the middle, also crimson.
It was necessary to reinforce the building with period buttresses so that they would reinforce the pressures that the groin vaults projected outwards.
In the area of the apse it is reinforced with very thick but low buttresses, since in this area the church tends to open up as well.
That is why in the mid-20th century the arch of the presbytery was reinforced with a double tensor that gave it stability.
In addition, at the end of the 20th century, the base of the whole church was painted with plastic paint, favouring that the humidity goes up the walls, weakening the integrity of the walls.
This is the reason why this building is included in the Red Heritage List of the Association for the care and promotion of Heritage Hispania Nostra since November 2019.
She is currently the Member of Parliament for Krachi West constituency in the Volta region, representing the National Democratic Congress (NDC).
Joseph Monroe Segars (November 6, 1938 Hartsville, South Carolina – July 20, 2014 Lakewood Ranch, Florida) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Cape Verde from 1992 until 1996.
When Segars’ parents moved to Philadelphia in search of better jobs, he was raised by his maternal aunt and uncle Walter and Francis Hines.
Segars joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1970 and became the first African American to be assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Vienna, Austria.
One of the first African Americans to be assigned to South Africa, his arrival in Johannesburg coincided with the Soweto Uprising which was a student protest against the Afrikaans Medium Decree of 1974.
He was Consul General in Kingston, Jamaica from 1978 to 1980 and in 1983, Segars was appointed Consul General, this time in Lagos, Nigeria where he served until 1986.
Harry Waldo Warner (4 January 1874 - 1 June 1945) was an English viola player and composer, one of the founding members of the London String Quartet and a several times Cobbett Award winner for his chamber music.
Born in Northampton, Warner studied from the age of 14 at the Guildhall School of Music under Alfred Gibson for violin and Orlando Morgan for composition, later becoming a professor there.
In 1908 Charles Warwick-Evans !1885-1974) was leader of the Queen's Hall cellos and Warner was first viola in Thomas Beecham's New Symphony Orchestra.
He was enthusiastic, and then Thomas W. Petre (second violin) was found and finally Albert Sammons, the new Concertmaster of Beecham's orchestra, was asked to lead the quartet.
The quartet gave concerts mainly in the UK but travelled to Amsterdam and Paris, with a repertoire extending from the classical period to contemporary works – including Verklärte Nacht in the presence of the composer.
Warner also played in the first performance in England of Debussy's Sonata for flute, viola and harp (at an otherwise London String Quartet concert) on 2 February, 1917 at the Aeolian Hall.
A performance of the work by the London Quartet on September 24 1920, along with a performance of Frank Bridge's String Quartet No 1 in E minor, was witnessed by the American patron of arts Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge in the audience.
It was probably her first hearing of Bridge's music (whose work she supported financially for the rest of his life), and she also became a champion of Warner, whose Suite for piano, violin and cello went on to win first prize at Mrs Coolidge's 1921 chamber music competition in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
Chamaraja (Vidhana Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
The INSECT is considered a technical-scientific agency entrusted with the task of analyze and research on safety and health conditions at work, as well of promoting and supporting the improvement of them, in order to achieve a decrease in occupational hazards, work accidents and occupational diseases.
The INSST, in the framework of its responsibilities, is responsible for ensuring coordination, supporting the exchange of information and experiences between the different public administrations and it especially encourages and supports the implementation of safety and health promotion activities by the Spanish regions.
At European Union level, it acts as a national reference center, guaranteeing the coordination and transmission of the information that it must provide at national level, in particular with regard to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work and its Network.
The creation of this Plan was entrusted to the Directorate-General for Social Security by the Labour Minister, Licinio de la Fuente.
The work of the directorate-general ended the following year, designing a Plan with great autonomy and attached to the aforementioned directorate-general.
The lack of specialists was especially pronounced in Occupational Health, a branch that only had a small development in the National Institute for Occupational Medicine.
In addition to the above, the National Plan, by delegation of the Organization of the Medical Services for Enterprises (OSME), it assumed the powers of inspection and advice of the Medical Services for Enterprises, a task carried out until 1986, date in which they were transferred to the National Institute for Health (INSALUD).
The National Plan for Occupational Health and Safety had a short life, since in 1976 the Social Service for Health and Safety at Work was created by the Ministry of Labour, which replaced the National Plan in all its functions and competences.
The National Institute for Occupational Medicine and Safety, the National School for Occupational Medicine and the OSME were also integrated into the Social Service; that is to say, all the organisms on which the Occupational Medicine and Medical Services for Enterprises depended.
Even shorter was the life of the Social Service, which was replaced in 1978 by the National Institute for Safety and Hygiene at Work.
The first was in 2017, when it was renamed as the National Institute for Safety, Health and Welfare at Work, because, according to the government, the society of that time was sufficiently sensitized to this issue and was increasingly demanding on everything relativing to work welfare.
Likewise, in the farewell letter of the agency's director, Dolores Limón, she included this change of denomination as one of the reasons for her resignation.
Indeed, and in coherence with the criticisms made a year earlier, the coming to power of a socialist government in 2018 led to the change of name to the National Institute for Safety and Health at Work.
The National Committee on Safety and Health at Work (CNSST) created by the Occupational Hazards Prevention Act of 1995, is the collective advisory body of the Spanish Public Administrations in the formulation of prevention policies and institutional participation body in occupational safety and health.
It is composed of representatives of the General State Administration, the Administrations of the Autonomous Communities and representatives of the most representative business and union organizations.
The National Institute for Safety and Health at Work assumes the General Secretariat of the National Committee, providing the necessary technical and scientific assistance for the development of its competences.
The lens was on the roadmap since 2019, has been announced in January 2020 and should be available from March 2020.
It is a additional full-frame lens to reboot Pentax' involvement in that format, the last previously introduced newly developed full-frame lens being the D FA* 50mm ED SDM AW in 2018.
The 2007 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the 1st edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom, organised by UK Athletics.
It replaced the AAA Indoor Championships run by the Amateur Athletic Association of England, which had been the de facto national indoor championship since 1935.
It was subsequently converted into a hospital; a nurses' home, built to commemorate the golden wedding anniversary of the Marquess and Marchioness of Ripon, was completed in 1901.
Gertrud Berger (December 15, 1870 – December 26, 1949) was a German painter of landscapes and still life associated with the town of Greifswald.
She was baptized on February 1, 1871 at her home by the deacon of the St. Marien Church (Bergen) , Bublitz.
It was the first season under Portuguese manager Miguel da Costa, who was appointed following the departure of Serbian Zlatko Krmpotic.
The club won the Mascom Top 8 Cup for the second time, tying Gaborone United and Township Rollers as the most successful club in the competition.
On February 2, 1972 she chartered the Religious Order of Witchcraft, the first coven to be registered as an official religious organization within the state of Louisiana.
The order, which often gathered at Popp Fountain in City Park, practiced Western ceremonialist magic, not Afro-Caribbean rooted practices like voodoo and hoodoo that are commonly associated with New Orleans.
Ibrahim Murtala Muhammed (born December 14, 1974) is Ghanaian politician and member of the Sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana.
He once served as the member of Parliament for Nantong, the deputy minister for information and media relations and the deputy Minister of Trade and Industry.
Muhammed holds a master's degree in Development Planning and International Relations and Diplomacy from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and the University of Ghana respectively.
While playing for Flamura Roşie Arad, on 7 March 1948, he and teammate Iosif Stibinger scored each a hat-trick in a 6–1 away victory against CSCA București, it was the first time that two players from the same team scored a hat-trick in a Divizia A match.
He scored his team's first goal in the 3–2 victory at the 1948 Cupa României final against CFR Timișoara, thus helping Flamura Roşie Arad win the first Cupa României in the club's history.
Between 1947 and 1948, he played three matches for Romania, including a 0–1 loss against Albania at the 1948 Balkan Cup.
Hospital Playlist () is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Jo Jung-suk, Yoo Yeon-seok, Jung Kyung-ho, Kim Dae-myung and Jeon Mi-do.
Under Nowzar, the Pishdādi dynasty grows weak, and Iran In the Iran-Turan war falls by the Turanian General Afrasiab, who kills Nowzar in battle.
Then however, When the Iranian army was in full siege and everyone knew the defeat was certain, Qobad boldly urged the Iranians to uplift.
Indonesian Women's Professional Futsal League (Indonesian: Liga Futsal Profesional Wanita Indonesia) is the main competition futsal for women at the national level and is in Indonesia, organized by the Indonesian Futsal Federation (FFI).
In addition to finding the best futsal women's club champion, this competition was held as the best player for the Indonesia women's national futsal team invited.
Alfred Valentin Heuß also Heuss (27 January 1877 – 9 July 1934) was a German musicologist, music critic and editor of music magazines.
As a music critic and music writer, Heuß published mainly on early music and on the music of the classical and romantic periods.
The tendency of the Monatsblatt, which can be seen especially in the reviews of contemporary works, was not based on differentiated analysis, but rather brought sweeping devaluations and stereotypical prejudices into play.
An article in 1925 criticized Arnold Schönberg's appointment as head of one of the three master classes for composition at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin.
The Jew as a fanatical leader, who is nowhere more down-to-earth and who consciously wants to be without tradition - that means nothing else than the path to ruin.
Carlotta is a Danish, Finnish, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish feminine given name that is an alternate form of Charlotte and a feminine form of Carlos and Carlo.
At the 2019 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania he won the gold medal in the men's Greco-Roman 60 kg event.
The is an archaeological site containing a late Jomon period [[midden|shell midden] located in what is now part of the town of [[Higashiura, Aichi]] in the [[Tōkai region]] of [[Japan]].
The location is at the base of [[Chita Peninsula]], on a river terrace on the right bank of the Sakai River which flows into Kinugaura Bay.
It has been excavated four times by [[Nanzan University]], during which examples of [[Sue ware]] earthenware, stoneware, animal bone and horn implements, clay figurines and other objects dating from around 7000 years ago were discovered.
The thickness of the shell layer is about 40 cm at the thin part and about 110 cm at the thick part of the midden.
Meriam Ben Chaabane was born on July 30, 1983, in 2007 she graduated from the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3 with a bachelor's degree in performing arts theater specialty.
The series made a huge success in the Maghreb area during Ramadan 2019, Her role was admired by the Tunisian and Maghreb audience.
Kiernan Dewsbury-Hall (born 6 September 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League One club Blackpool, on loan from Leicester City.
He signed his first professional contract with the club in 2017 and in 2019 was named as the development squad player of the year.
He made his debut in a 2–1 defeat against Wycombe Wanderers the following day, coming on as a second-half substitute and scoring in the 86th minute.
În acest timp a urmat cursuri de perfecționare în tehnică și artă corală cu renumitul dirijor Marin Constantin şi i-a avut ca maeştrii pe dirijori Dorin Pop şi Florentin Mihăescu.
După finalizarea studiilor, a fost repartizat la Bistriţa ca profesor de vioară, însă, fiind pasionat de cor încă din timpul studenţiei nu s-a rezumat numai la activitatea didactică.
La Bistriţa a înfiinţat un nucleu coral care avea să devină un reper pentru lumea culturală Bistriţeană Corul Appassionata, un ansamblu cu peste 35 ani de activitate şi cu apariţii scenice la Viena, Praga, Bracelona, Besancon, Valencia.
În anul 1990 revine la Cluj-Napoca unde preia conducerea Corul Viva la Musica, care a aparţinut inițial Casei Municipale de Cultură din Cluj-Napoca iar ulterior, începând cu 1993, s-a integrat activității Forumului Democrat al Germanilor din Cluj.
Activitatea corului sub conducerea lui Francisc Mureşan cuprinde peste 15 premii internaționale (Ankara, Cantonigros, Cluj-Napoca, Gorizi, Middlesbrough, Preveza, Tolosa, Varna) și evoluţii pe scene din Austria, Belgia, Bulgaria, Franța, Germania, Grecia, Italia, Marea Britanie, România, Spania, Turcia, Ungaria.
Între anii 1995-1996, corul a fost inițiator și coordonator al proiectului „European Voices”, în cadrul căruia a avut colaboratori precum: corul „Orpheus” din Rieti (Italia), Corul Madrigal din München (Germania), Corul Regiunii Lamoura din Franța și Corul Madrigalilor Catalani din Barcelona.
Începând cu anul 2012 „Viva la Musica”, la iniţiativa dirijorului său, Francisc Mureşan, participă în mod constant la Festivalul de Muzică Religioasă din Bistrița, alături de corul bistrițean Appassionata.
Ca profesor de muzică de cameră şi dirijor al corurilor şi orchestrelor Colegiului de Muzică Sigismund Toduţă din Cluj-Napoca, acesta a avut rezultate remarcabile în dezvoltarea tinerilor muzicieni.
A small geophyte, with an underground stem, and a tuft of slender leaves that appear in a rosette above the ground.
In the late 11th century, Archdeacon of Brie Dreux de Mello gave the landplot of Marolles to the archdiocese of Paris which later granted it to the Saint-Martin-des-Champs Priory in 1117.
Several monks of the priory came to Marolles to form a priory and re-build the church on the site of the former building.
In the 20th century, after the Second World War, a porch adorned with a Madonna with the Child wooden statue was added to the church.
In the 1970s, the original floor of the church and remnants of the founding monks were excavated on the site of the church.
The choir and the southern chapel have capitals adorned with around forty diversified motifs —notably animals, monsters, Biblical scenes and vegetal settings.
The motifs date from the first half of the 12th century and thus belong to the transition between the Romanesque and Gothic styles.
The 12th-century altar was found in the middle of the 20th century and was set back to its original place, in the choir's apse.
Beer has been skipping the German national junior women's curling team since 2016 although she has yet to qualify for the World Junior Curling Championships through the World Junior B Curling Championships.
She joined the women's rink of Daniela Jentsch as their alternate in 2019 and they went 5-7 at the 2019 World Women's Curling Championship.
Goals from Atisang Batsi, Lemogang Maswena, Moagi Sechele, Karabo Phiri and Gift Moyo would see them emphatically crush the hosts 5-1.
They would go on to win 4-3 on penalties after the aggregate score ended 1-1 and were drawn against Orapa United in a draw conducted on 9 December 2019.
The 2019-20 season saw Galaxy return to the African continental stage after making their debut in the 2018 CAF Confederation Cup.
They were unable to overturn the deficit at home, despite winning 1-0 through a Gift Moyo strike, and crashed out of the cup on a 3-2 aggregate score.
Class of 2020 is a 2020 Hindi web series created and produced by Vikas Gupta for Ekta Kapoor's video on demand platform ALTBalaji.
The web series revolves around the lives of a few teenagers who get intertwined with drugs, sex, peer pressure and anxiety.
John Marten Cripps (1780–1853) was an English traveller and antiquarian, a significant collector on a Grand Tour he made during the French Revolutionary Wars.
The son of John Cripps of Sussex, he entered Jesus College, Cambridge as a fellow-commoner, on 27 April 1798, and came under the tuition of Edward Daniel Clarke.
On the initial part of their journey, to Norway and Sweden, they were accompanied by William Otter and Thomas Robert Malthus, both members of Jesus College.
Cripps brought back large collections of statues, antiques, and flora: some of which he presented over time to the University of Cambridge and other institutions.
By will dated 1 Octocter 1797, Cripps inherited the property of his maternal uncle, John Marten, which included possessions in the parish of Chiltington, with the manor of Stantons, Sussex.
Having built Novington Lodge on the Stantons estate, Cripps resided there, and devoted time to horticulture, particularly varieties of apples and other fruits.
Cripps had bought the herbarium of Peter Simon Pallas on his journey, when he and Clarke had stayed with Pallas in the Crimea, Clarke being ill.
It has a small number of long, slender (3-4mm wide), cylindrical, erect, leathery-surfaced leaves, which are basally enclosed in a grey, papery sheath that has distinctive horizontal bars around it.
Although its centre of distribution is in that Province, outlying populations are found as far east as Port Elizabeth, and northwards into the Namaqualand.
He worked as a freelance artist and craftsman and he has worked on such mediums as vellum, stone, glass, wood and metal.
He is a full member of the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art as well as an honorary member of both the Washington Calligraphers Guild and the Colleagues of Calligraphy, Minneapolis.
By 1986, country music entered a new phase as a crop of younger country stars like George Strait, Randy Travis, and Dwight Yoakam emerged to become a dominating presence on country radio.
He is dressed in a minister's black, flowing robe with an Amish hat, a little blonde girl in his lap, his two - yes, two (of three at one time) - wives standing behind him, and behind them, a black Lincoln Town Car and Coe's Silver Eagle tour bus.
The album is dedicated to his two mothers - he's apparently from a Mormon family - and stipulates how difficult it is for a child to have two mothers.
He was elected MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1425, served in the parliaments of 1427/8, 1431, 1432 and 1433, and was Escheator for Staffordshire in 1437.
Wood may have died before 1443, when the lands of John Wood of Swynnerton were transferred to the king, or he may have been alive at the time of his daughter's marriage in 1447 (he is not described as dead), and he may have been Mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1458.
As a transition state analog of acetylcholinesterase, TMTFA is able to inhibit the acetylcholinesterase at extremely low concentrations (within the femtomolar range), making it one of the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor known.
The Centre for Industry Education Collaboration (CIEC) is a British education resource for information about the chemical industry in the UK.
The organisation was set up jointly by the Chemical Industries Association and the University of York in 1988 as the Chemical Industry Education Centre; it changed its name in 2014.
Research has shown that the ages from 10-14 are when children lose interest in science; the organisation seeks to have up-to-date course material for secondary school teachers that can invigorate science teaching.
The men's 100 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place on 26 September at the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium.
Kunal has also performed at international comedy festivals like the Magners International Comedy Festival in Bangkok in 2017 and the Utrecht International Comedy Festival in the Netherlands in 2014.
Apart from these, he has also performed in international comedy clubs in Edinburgh, Boston, Atlanta, Washington DC, Dubai, Paris, Barcelona and Tokyo.
After a hectic eight years, which took him to Dubai and London other than Mumbai for work, he decided to quit his job to pursue his passion for comedy.
It was during this time abroad that he realized that he was meant for something greater wanted to do something creative and left everything to come back to his city.
He happened to watch Sorabh Pant, his college friend, open for Vir Das at Sophia Bhabha Hall in 2009 and on the encouragement of a friend, decided to give stand-up a shot.
Sorabh encouraged Kunal and went on to include him as his opening act for his first stand-up tour, Pant on Fire.
Alongside stand-up comedy, Kunal was one of the key performers of the very popular Bollywood award show - The Ghanta Awards.
He has also organized and performed in shows such as 'Tuesdays with Morons', the news comedy special 'Comedy News Network', and the popular ‘EIC Outrage’.
It was released in October 2019 and focuses on his personal experiences as an awkward and introverted individual and how he deals with the ever-changing world.
Tuen Tsz Wai () is a village of Hong Kong, located in the Lam Tei area, in the northern part of Tuen Mun District.
Following the increase of the clan population, the village dispersed and developed into five villages in the Lam Tei area: Nai Wai (), Tsing Chuen Wai, Tuen Tsz Wai, Lam Tei Tsuen () and Tuen Mun San Tsuen (), which were all fortified.
The entrance gate of Tuen Tsz Wai, originally at the southern end of the central axis of the village, was closed and moved east for feng shui reasons.
It was abandoned in 1971 due to feng shui concerns and was subsequently used as rattan and fiber factories until 1998.
The Sam Shing Temple () is dedicated to the Marshal Yuen Tan Fuk Fu (), Hung Shing () and Hau Wong ().
It was built by the To (陶) clan of the area, whose old ancestral hall is on its left, during the reigns of Yongzheng Emperor (1722-1735) and Qianlong Emperor (1735-1796).
It was rebuilt in 1993, using modern materials including concrete and steel bars, while maintaining the shape of the original building.
She won the gold medal in the women's 40 kg event in 2000, in the women's 48 kg event in 2004 and in the women's 60 kg event in 2008.
Natsumi Kawaguchi and Adrienn Nagy were the defending champions, but Nagy was no longer eligible to compete in junior events, while Kawaguchi chose not to participate.
Most often, outsourcing services are provided in the IT sphere, but they are also popular in the spheres of logistics, marketing services, recruiting, accounting, processing and systematization of information, medical services, administration etc.
IT outsourcing is the practice of the partial or complete using an external service provider to deliver some or IT functions required by a business.
In March 2013 Ukraine ranks fourth in the world in number of certified IT professionals after the United States, India and Russia.
IT outsourcing is most actively developing industry on the outsourcing services market and Ukraine ranks second after India in terms of growth of this segment of IT in the world.
According to DOU’s annual job market research, conducted by the end of each year, the IT sector in Ukraine has grown by 60%.
In 2003, the IT outsourcing market in Ukraine amounted to $110 million, in 2007 — $544 million, in 2011 — $1.1 billion, and in 2014 it reached nearly $2.4 billion.
In 2016 the outsourcing market of Ukraine was estimated at $3.2 billion the total income of information technology sphere amounted to $2.48 billion in 2017.
The level of development of IT outsourcing in Ukraine allows to achieve positive macroeconomic effects that affect the economic development of the country.
In the long term, these effects are capable of causing structural transformations that will shape new trends in the Ukrainian economy.
The International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP) annually publishes the Global Outsourcing 100 ranking, which lists the top 100 outsourcing providers in the world.
The main criteria for ranking are profitability, team growth, best projects, customer recommendations, corporate social responsibility and innovation in customer service delivery.
At the same time, the legislative field defines economic interaction through the conclusion of contracts, as well as the fact that everyone has the right to engage in business activities that are not prohibited by law.
However, in the National Classifier of Ukraine, outsourcing is defined as an agreement according to which a customer delegates certain tasks to a contractor, in particular, the part of the production process or the whole production process, provision of recruitment services, and support functions.
This allows the parties to determine the nature of the contract at their discretion and to include outsourcing work in it.
Ibsen Pinheiro (5 July 1935 – 24 January 2020) was a Brazilian journalist politician who served as a Deputy and as President of the Chamber of Deputies.
Melchie Daelle Dumonay (born 17 August 2003), also known as Coventina, is a Haitian footballer who plays as a midfielder for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
Dumonay represented Haiti at the 2016 CONCACAF Girls' U-15 Championship, the 2018 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship, the 2018 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship and the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Proposals were put forward for merging the thirty existing municipalities into seven new municipalities, with voters in each of the proposed new areas voting on the merger.
The Centre Party, People's Party and Social Democratic Party were in favour of voluntary mergers, whilst the Self-Government Party, Republic and Union Party favoured creating the mergers by legislation.
In the autumn of 2011, the Faroese government announced that it would be transferring responsibility for elderly care and primary education from 1 January 2014, and that the number of municipalities would need to be reduced from the 30 that existed at the time.
Although there were majorities in some individual municipalities, these were largely areas that were expected to become the centre of the new municipality; only three of the peripheral municipalities voted in favour.
Its distribution range extends from near Worcester in the west, eastwards to Ashton and Montagu, and southwards into the Swellendam and Riversdale districts.
Mubariz and his brothers, Buzakhur and Bahadur, were told by the Subahdar of Bengal, Islam Khan I, to accompany the latter's brother, Shaykh Habibullah, in an expedition against Majlis Qutb of Fathabad.
Qutb wrote a letter to Musa Khan pleading for help to which Musa deputed an army led by Mirza Mumin ibn Masum Khan equipped with 200 war-boats.
After Mubariz's return to Jahangirnagar from Fathabad, he was given charge of Fort Jatrapur, which was previously run by the rebel Musa Khan.
During Islam Khan's expedition to Kalakopa, Mubariz was posted in the rear alongside Tuqmaq Khan and Mirak Bahadur Jalair with ninety war-boats.
Anwar Khan realised that the Mughals were defeating many of the rebels and so he decided to surrender and offer to help the Mughals in defeating Usman.
However, this was a conspiracy of Anwar's which he sent a letter about to Mahmud Khan, telling him to inform Usman and other rebels of his plans in kidnapping Mughal officers and taking them to Baniachong, in Greater Sylhet - the last stronghold for rebels.
When Mubariz reached Yarasindur, he received a message from Islam Khan I telling him to continue until he reaches Toke thana, where he should wait for his arrival and leave the rest of the army to continue being led by Islam Quli.
After Islam Khan I was informed of this incident, he changed his plan as soon as he reached Toke by ordering Mubariz to go and attack Anwar's forces.
Raja Satrajit initiated a battle against Anwar in Baniachong which continued until Mubariz's arrival, in which Anwar pleaded for ceasefire and submitted himself, hoping that the outcome of Usman's battle goes well so that he could continue fighting later.
Following the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, Usman had evacuated his fort in Bokainagar with 250 men, fleeing to Sylhet after he heard that his allies, Dariya Khan Pani and Nasir Khan of Tajpur, had joined the Mughal forces.
Anwar, who had previously called for ceasefire, heard of Usman's departure and surrendered to Mubariz and Satrajit with no hope left.
Mubariz ordered Anwar to be imprisoned to chains, and Anwar put on the rope of obedience and kissed the feet of the officers.
Pratapaditya of Jessore later surrendered to the Mughals, sending his son Sangramaditya to Islam Khan I and donating 80 war boats.
The Subahdar then sent an army led by Ghiyas Khan to punish Pratapaditya for his past actions and to reincorporate Jessore to Mughal territory.
Following the death of Usman and surrender of Bayazid, Mubariz was appointed in command of all imperial officers in Sylhet by Shaykh Kamal.
During the Subahdarship of Qasim Khan Chishti, Mubariz Khan, Mirak Bahadur Jalair and other thanadars were in Jahangirnagar, and not serving at their appointed thanas.
The Subahdar was displeased by this behaviour and their persisting excuses, and sent a message to Emperor Jahangir of their misconduct.
However, by this time, Mubariz, Mirak and some other thanadars had already returned to their posts, without hearing the reply from the Court.
Due to this case, Qasim Khan ordered his bakhshi (paymaster), Khwaja Tahir Muhammad, to reinstate their titles and jagirs and to inform the imperial Court of this reformation.
Mubariz, wishing that when a new Subahdar arrives that he could show him his record of achievements and get on his good side, decided to lead an expedition to Pratapgarh, also under the domain of the Raja of Kachar.
They have said that during the reign of Timur in the late 12th century, the emperor had reached this extreme point and left a group of Mongols to protect the land before returning to his capital in Baghdad.
Mubariz managed to defeat this tribe with a lot of difficulty, and annexed some of their land to the Mughal Empire.
Mubariz returned to Sylhet thana and appointed Mirak Bahadur Jalair to govern this new tribal area and to keep a lookout for trouble.
Qasim Khan then sent these people to the Emperor, who was pleased with the hard work of Mubariz and his forces and raised his rank and wage..
Mubariz Khan later invaded the Kachari Kingdom as commander of the expedition, managing to defeat the Raja and establishing a fort and thana in Asurainagar.
The Raja sent his envoy to Mubariz saying that he will give a tribute of 40 elephants, 100,000 rupees, and rare artefacts to Emperor Jahangir, 5 elephants and 20,000 rupees to Subahdar Qasim as well as 2 elephants and 20,000 rupees for Mubariz and Mirak.
Mukarram was brought to Jahangirnagar and Qasim Khan visited him in his own home to give him the honour of having sardarship over the entire Sylhet Sarkar as well as giving Mukarram's brothers lesser roles in Sylhet.
Ronan Connolly (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Senior Championship club Adare and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team.
Nigerian Entertainment Conference Live (NECLive) is an annual gathering of Nigerian entertainers and professionals from the creative and media industries to brainstorm on challenges and opportunities in the Africa's largest entertainment industry and the fastest growing entertainment and media industry globally.
NECLive was founded in 2013 by Ayeni Adekunle, founder and CEO of Black House Media (BHM) and Nigeria Entertainment Today (NET) whose aim is to help big names in the industry embrace and stay up to date on emerging technologies, share new ideas, test new products and services, discuss issues and concepts, and also help upcoming entertainers develop their skills to full potentials.
NecLive organises seminars, interactions, and master classes focusing on ways to boosting the fortunes of entertainers, contribute to the growth of Nigeria economy and combating piracy that is biting hard in the entertainment industry.
The Nigerian entertainment sector is booming and in 2020 it was projected to contribute about $86 billion US dollars to the economy by 2021.
But Nigerian entertainers have often lamented that piracy has eaten deep into their respective industries and it may grind to a halt if a collective action was not taken to combat it.
Though the Nigerian Copyright Act 2004 criminalises the infringement of intellectual property and theft, piracy has remained a booming business in Nigeria.
Stakeholders said the poor enactment and enforcement of copyright laws, failure to prosecute offenders, as well as corruption, are to blame.
Neclive now provide a platform where entertainers share ideas on how to be ahead of pirates, speak with a united voice and to put the government under pressure to do more in safeguarding creative and intellectual properties.
But the organisers announced in 2019 that Neclive would be decentralised to two other Nigerian major cities as from 2020 edition.
Nigerian comedian Tee A was the first host and has been the host for seven editions of NECLive with over three thousand participants and an estimated ten million audience watching live on television and internet live streaming.
Popular musicians MI Abaga, Davido, Bez Idakula, Wunmi Obe, and Nollywood actresses Kemi Lala-Akindoju and Ini Edo were speakers and panelists.
At NecLive 3, a number of prominent Nigerian entertainment personalities including broadcaster and music critic, Benson Idonije; award winning music producer, Cobhams Asuquo; media executive, Alex Okosi; Nigeria’s National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) Director General, Emeka Mba and respected entertainment writer, Jahman Anikulapo received Net Honours awards.
Nigeria was at the time in its first deep economic recession in decades resulting from low oil prices in the international market, low demand and production cut back at home due to the agitations in the Niger Delta.
Nigeria government shifted attention to creative industry that contributes billions of dollars to the economy annually as part of its diversification efforts from oil.
Lead organiser Ayeni Adekunle had said the speakers at NECLive 4 were selected based on their personal experiences and success stories to prove to the world how entertainment and creative industry could be harnessed to drive a non-oil economy.
Multiple award-winning R&B superstar Banky W, popular muscian D'banj, dancer, Kaffy, West African Idols winner and singer Timi Dakolo, multi-talented viral entertainer Falz, fast-rising singer Simi, Project fame winner, Praize, and Adekunle Gold and Lil' Kesh were the speakers and panelists at NecLive 4 held April 26,2016 in Lagos.
Mavin Records superstar Tiwa Savage was the lead speaker at NECLive 5, the first female in such a lead role at NECLive.
Speakers included Jason Njoku, Lasisi Elenu, Dbanj, Muyiwa Faulkner, Cobhams Asuquo, Obi Asika, Martin Mabutho, Ezegozie Eze, Damien Okorafor, Jide Taiwo, Brymo, Simi, Darey Art Alade, Kelvin Orifa, Colette Otusheso, Sam Oyemelukwe, Ubi Franklin, Richard Nnadi, Bizzle Osikoya, Deji Awokoya, Tochukwu Tagbo, Daddy Freeze, Seun Okinbaloye and Shina Peters.
Neclive 2.0 is an upgraded version of the show that introduced several new features including decentralising the show from Nigeria’s largest city of Lagos to more major cities including the Nigeria capital, Abuja and the southern city of Port Harcourt , Rivers State.
Neclive 2.0 is designed to be a three-day event from the previous one day in its last seven editions with increased participants from the previous three thousand to over a hundred thousand participants.
Electronic drums have sensors or sensor-equipped pads, which the drummer strikes with a stick (or with her hand) to trigger synthesized or sampled drum or percussion sounds that are stored in a memory in an electronic drum module or synthesizer.
For many of the entries, the brand or type of electronic drum that they use is given, or one or more examples of songs that use electronic drums are provided.
People and groups are included whether they exclusively use electronic drums or if they use a mix of acoustic and electronic drums, or if they only use electronic drums on some songs.
Electronic drums should not be confused with drum machines, which use a computer program, rather than a human drummer, to play the beats and patterns.
The Niagarette River is a stream flowing in the municipalities of Saint-Ubalde, Saint-Thuribe and Saint-Casimir, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada]].
The first segment of of the course of the Niagarette river is forest area; the rest of its route flows through an agricultural environment, while passing south of the village of Saint-Casimir at the end of the route.
The surface of the Niagarette River (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Niagarette river takes its source from a small unidentified lake (altitude of ), located in a forest area in the eastern part of the municipality of Saint-Ubalde.
This lake is located east of the village center of Saint-Ubalde and northwest of the confluence of the Niagarette River and the Sainte-Anne River.
Besides the first five kilometers upstream which have a slope of 1.42%, the slope of the rest of the river is low with .
After cutting the route 354 which runs along the northwest shore of the Sainte-Anne river, the Niagarette river flows onto the shore west of the latter at south of the village bridge of Saint-Casimir.
From there, the current descends on southwards following the course of the Sainte-Anne River, to the northwest bank of St. Lawrence River.
On August 10, 1939, the erosion of the banks of the Niagarette river had damaged the low walls of cement and the rip-rap of the banks near the buildings south of the village of Saint-Casimir.
This sudden flood also damaged the route 363 and swept away the residences of the families of Réjean Lépine and Rolland Duchesneau, located near the course of the river as well as part of their respective terrain.
On October 29, 1986, the Gazette officielle du Québec published decree 1512-86 at the request of the municipality of Saint-Casimir for the reconstruction of a dam for the purpose of aqueduct on the bed of the Niagarette river.
In 1998, the municipality of Saint-Casimir had a project to divert the Niagarette river by giving it a more rectilinear route in order to resolve its flooding problems.
The Niagarette river then had a meander more than 200 meters long, suitable for the formation of ice jams during the snowmelt.
Meemanage Mary Magdalene Leticia Peiris (born 18 October 1934 – died 31 October 2013 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Leticia Peiris, was an award-winning actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television.
Sex Olympics, alternatively titled Brad Stallion in Sex Olympics is an erotic point-and-click adventure game developed and self-published by Free Spirit Software, and released for DOS, Atari ST, and Amiga.
Doctor Dildo has entered the eponymous Sex Olympics to further his plans of world domination, and Headquarters has assigned Brad Stallion, government agent and captain of the phallic spaceship the Big Thruster, to compete against him.
Over the course of the Sex Olympics, both Dr. Dildo and Brad Stallion seek to have sex with as many women as possible.
The selected difficulty determines aspects of gameplay: On Easy difficulty, the player can have sex with women that Dr. Dildo has already lain with, and Dr. Dildo is unable to have sex with women that have been with the player.
On Medium difficulty, Dr. Dildo is able to have sex with women that have been with the player, and on Hard difficulty, the same is true, although the player cannot have sex with women that have been with Dr. Dildo.
In the Amiga version, a prompt requiring a key word from the manual to be entered preceeds the title screen; however, this form of copy protection is not enforced, and entering any word or simply hitting the enter key bypasses the screen.
Also exclusive to the Amiga version, a transcript of the game's text can be sent to a printer: this feature is absent in the DOS and Atari ST versions.
The solutions to puzzles, as well as the locations of items and clues in-game, are changed each time the game is played.
The facility has its origins in the Skipton Cottage Hospital in Granville Street which was built to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria and which opened in 1899.
After the cottage hospital became too small for local healthcare demands, it was decided to acquire Whinfield House, the former home of Thomas Dewhurst, a mill owner.
After the hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948, Princess Mary returned to open a new outpatients department in 1961.
Vincent Oppong Asamoah (13 January 1966) He is the Member of Parliament for Dormaa West Constituency in the Brong Ahafo Region.
The Ocean at the End of the Lane is a play based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman, adapted for the stage by Joel Horwood.
The play made its world premiere in the Dorfman Theatre at the National Theatre, London with previews beginning on 3 December 2019 (opening night 11 December) running until 25 January 2020.
The EP comprises 4 tracks and was released on March 21, 2019, through Spaceship Entertainment, Bad Habit, Atlantic Records and Loma Vista Recordings.
The video contains spiritual elements and is a depiction of life and death; it also contains melancholic images of Burna Boy caring for a motherly figure in his home before engaging in a street fight that turns deadly for one of the men involved.
John Henry Paty (September 8, 1840 – February 2, 1897) was the Consul to the Netherlands for the Kingdom of Hawaii.
He was a businessman who served as an auditor or as a trustee of numerous organizations, and was a founding member of both the Planters’ Labor & Supply Company and the Oahu Railway and Land Company.
He was the 5th generation of Paty men to bear the name John, and was born to seafaring trader Captain John Paty (1807–1868) and Mary Ann Jefferson Paty (1813–1891).
According to Captain Paty's granddaughter, their family was descended from Richard Warren, one of the passengers on the Mayflower, the English ship that transported the first Puritans to North America in 1620, landing at Plymouth Rock.
Captain Paty's brother Henry had preceded him to Hawaii, and convinced him to operate out of Honolulu, where he was subsequently appointed by Kamehameha III as Hawaiian Counsel and Naval Commandant for the Northwest Coast.
John Henry was born in,Honolulu on September 8, 1840, followed by sisters Mary Francesca in 1844, and Emma Theodora in 1850.
Paty was educated at the Royal School in Honolulu, and became a 1st lieutenant in the first company of the Honolulu Rifles.
Paty became employed at Bishop and Company Bank in August 1859, and became a full partner in 1875 The company was the principal owner of Kawailoa Ranch He was elected a trustee of Queen's Hospital in 1875; the Board of Trustees then elected him as treasurer.
The Kingdom of Hawaii began contracting with steamship manufacturers in 1876 for inner-island services, authorizing Samuel G. Wilder as the kingdom's purchasing agent.
On March 20, 1882, Paty joined with six other planters – Edward P. Adams, Samuel T. Alexander , William H. Bailey, William G. Irwin, Alfred S. Hartwell and Z. S. Spalding – to charter the Planters’ Labor & Supply Company as a forum for the Hawaiian sugar industry.
When Walter Murray Gibson was appointed Kalākaua's Minister of Foreign Affairs and became defacto head of the king's cabinet ministers on May 20th of the same year, the planters found themselves at constant odds with Gibson over imported labor.
The year before, Kalākaua's 1881 world tour had been focused on negotiating plantation labor contracts with countries such as Portugal, China and Japan.
The planters favored Chinese laborers for economic reasons, but Gibson put restrictions on how many Chinese laborers could enter, and under what conditions.
Because of ongoing concerns about actions taken by the monarchy under Gibson's tenure as cabinet head, nine businessmen formed a committee to work behind the scenes to effect the outcome of the 1884 election.
In addition to Paty, the other members were Joseph Ballard Atherton, William R. Castle, Sanford B. Dole, William Wisner Hall, James A. Hopper, Peter C. Jones, Henry Wentworth Mist and William O. Smith.
The others were Jonathan Austin, William H. Bailey, B. F. Dillingham, Henry F. Glade, Thomas May, Lorrin A. Thurston and George N. Wilcox.
Although some of these individuals later formed the Committee of Safety and were instrumental in the overthrow of the kingdom, Paty was not named in the subsequent Congressional investigation as having taken part in that event.
She garnered 29, 500 votes which represents 77.03% of the total votes cast and hence defeated the other contestants including Alex Kwame Bonsu, Seth Amakye and Rita Fosuah.
In 2016, she lost in the New Patriotic parliamentary elections and hence did not get the chance to represent the party in the 2016 Ghanaian General Elections.
The Petite rivière Niagarette (English: Little Niagarette River) is a tributary of the Niagarette River, crossing the municipalities of Saint-Thuribe and Saint-Casimir, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.
The course of the Petite rivière Niagarette descends first on in the forest zone, then entirely in the agricultural environment; thus, forestry and agriculture are the main economic activities in this small valley.
The surface of the Petite Niagarette River (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
The Little Niagarette River flows on the west bank of the Niagarette River, on the west side of the center of the village of Saint-Casimir.
Two major floods have been reported in the history of the Niagarette River and the Little Niagarette River, in 1939 and in 1973.
The waters of the Little Niagarette River rose by almost 4 meters during the night of September 5 to 6, 1973, following a 6 cm rain accumulation.
The 40th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Military Unit Number А1789) is a formation of the Ukrainian Air Force, composed primarily of Mikoyan MiG-29 aircraft, that is based at Vasylkiv.
A-side track has been written by Tetsurō Oda and Show Wesugi from the band Wands, while the B.-side track has been written by vocalist himself, Shuuichi Ikemori and arranged by Kousuke Ohshima, who is also member of the band Wands.
In the history of Japanese pop music, they've become first Japanese artist to break record with million sold copies of debut album and debut single at the same time.
S. H. (Samuel Henry) Ervin, (21 January 1881–29 October 1977), wool broker, collector and philanthropist, was born on 21 January 1881 at Monkland, Queensland.
During World War I he took over Lothringer & Co., a firm in which his brother-in-law Karl Lothringer was involved and, in 1927, established S. H. Ervin Limited, wool brokers.
Due to his association with artists at Sirius Cove, Ervin purchased works by a number of artists, including Norman Lindsay, Tom Roberts and Arthur Streeton.
In 1962 he gave his collection of paintings to the Australian government and encouraged the erection of a national art gallery.
In 1971 he donated $50,000 to the New South Wales branch of the National Trust of Australia to purchase Norman Lindsay's home at Faulconbridge, New South Wales and, in 1974, donated $200,000 to restore two buildings at Observatory Hill, Sydney as an art gallery and museum.
The weekly live shows will be broadcast on Mondays on Sjuan, and daily shows will be broadcast from Tuesday to Sunday also on Sjuan and TV4 Play.
Iława Town Hall, a neo-Baroque town hall in Iława, built in 1910-1912 during the term of office of the mayor of the then Iława - Karl Friedrich Giese, on ul.
The successful economic situation and the city's rich cash register made it possible to take adecision on the construction of the city hall after long decades.
The magnificent, representative edificeof the town hall in the neo-Baroque style is located on the main street (Kaiserstrasse) in the green areas of the old town moat.
The Town Hall was destroyed during the II World War, rebuilt during the communist era and served as a market hall.
One of the most interesting elements of the main (central) part are the external stairs located on both sides of the main entrance to the Town Hall.
Above, there is anIonic frieze crowning the façade, and in the part of the roof there arethree façades, crowned with a two-stage tower with a terrace, a dialand a helmet.
However, the architectural elements werere constructed in the form of large volutes supporting the peaks from the side of the courtyard, and on the axis of the pilasters (onthe roof) there are statues in the form of small vases (or, as someclaim, acorns).
The inner parts of the sashes are basket arcades carrying the terrace bounded by a balustrade, and in the arcades large and wide windows ending in a basket arch.
South side it is a modern extension, on both sides of the road, with quarter-circle bays at both corners and only in the eastern part (in the roof part) of the façade.
Upon Atte Wode's death in 1391, his properties were inherited by Sir John Beauchamp , but after Beauchamp's death in 1420, they were conveyed to Wood.
Wood was elected MP for Worcester in May 1413, knight of the shire for Worcestershire in November 1414, Worcester again in 1415 and March 1416, and Worcestershire again in May 1421, 1423, 1429, 1433 and 1435.
He also served as Alnager for Worcestershire from Michealmas 1405 to 1432, Bailiff for Worcester 1416–17, Escheator for Worcestershire 1416–17, 1424–26 and 1431–32, a JP in Worcestershire 1417–1458, and Deputy Sheriff of Worcestershire 1425–1426.
Tomasz Kozłowski (born 1958) is a Polish diplomat, Poland ambassador to Pakistan (2001–2003), European Union ambassador to South Korea (2011–2015) and India (2015–2019).
In 2004, he joined the European External Action Service, working as a head of unit at the bureau of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Javier Solana.
New Peru has 10 congressional seats in the Congress of the Republic of Peru who separated from the Broad Front coalition.
The movement is in the process of being registered as a political party to formally participate in the next Peruvian general election.
In November 1941, it reached the city of Aleksin on the Oka River but was pushed back towards Spas-Demensk by the Soviet counter offensive in the Battle of Moscow.
It stayed in Spa-Demansk during 1942 and was moved to Velikiye Luki in 1943, where it was involved in the Battle of Nevel (1943).
In March 1945 the General Command was evacuated over sea from the Courland Pocket and added to the 8th army in Northern Hungary.
190th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery, Royal Artillery, was an air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army formed in Birmingham before World War II.
It defended the West Midlands against attack during the Battle of Britain and the early part of the Blitz, and was then shipped to Malta, where it served through most of the long siege when the island fortress was bombed incessantly.
In the 1930s the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence for Britain's cities was addressed by converting a number of Territorial Army (TA) infantry units into AA gun units of the Royal Artillery (RA).
The Birmingham-based 6th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment was one unit selected for this role, becoming 69th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery on 10 December 1936, consisting of four batteries, including 190 AA Battery.
The newly converted 190 AA Bty established Battery Headquarters (BHQ) at Fernbank House, Alum Rock Road, under the command of Major E.V.M.
The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment.
In June 1939, as the international situation deteriorated, a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected gun positions.
On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, the units of Anti-Aircraft Command were fully mobilised at their war stations.
69th (Royal Warwickshire) AA Rgt was under the command of 34th (South Midland) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, which controlled the Gun Defended Areas (GDAs) of Birmingham and Coventry.
190 AA Battery was manning three sites at Coventry: Site A at Western Lawn Farm, Bedworth, and Site G at Tile Hill, each with two 3.7-inch guns, which were emplaced and considered 'in action' by 10.15 on 27 August, and Site L where there were two pre-positioned 3-inch guns.
The regiment handed over its gunsites to 95th (Birmingham) AA Rgt and sent parties to help Warwickshire farmers with the harvest.
On 24 September 190 AA Bty was temporarily broken up among the other three batteries of 69th (RWR) AA Rgt, and BHQ became the cadre for training recruits.
A group of officers from the regiment volunteered to join the Regular 4th AA Rgt for service with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France.
190 AA Battery was recruited back up to full strength by 19 October and took over Sites A and G once more, as well as providing detachments manning Light machine guns (LMGs) at the Ryton aircraft factory, which was designated a Vulnerable Point (VP).
In the new year the regiment was manning L and T sites at Birmingham, together with the Ryton VP until the LMG detachments were relieved by another unit in February 1940.
In late March the battery attended a practice camp at Tŷ Croes on Anglesey, returning in April to take over L, P and T sites in Birmingham.
The Phoney War ended with the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May, and all gunsites were put on high alert, with ammunition ready, and all crews armed with rifles to deal with German paratroops.
There was no immediate attack, and the battery was switched to Wolverhampton, with A Site at Coven, and C Site at Merry Hill (each with 4 x static 3.7-inch guns that needed to be mounted), and BHQ at Bromley House.
On 1 June 1940, along with other units equipped with 3-inch or heavier guns, 69th (RWR) was designated a Heavy AA (HAA) Regiment and its batteries were similarly retitled.
The battery was in action on the nights of 12/13, 16/17 and 19/20 August, and then on three successive nights 23–26 August.
Birmingham and Coventry experienced further heavy raids in October, with C Site's guns in action on the night of 15/16 and both sites on 20/21 and 21/22 October.
190 and the other two batteries (191 HAA Bty had preceded them a month before) arrived at the mobilisation centre at Southend-on-Sea on 14 November, and therefore missed the notorious bombing raid that destroyed Coventry that night.
The ship also carried vitally needed AA guns, including 24 3.7-inch, but these were stowed under a cargo of potatoes, and there was some delay before they could be landed.
Now complete, 190 HAA Bty came under the command of 10th HAA Rgt, alongside 191 HAA Bty which had arrived in a previous convoy.
In March there was dive-bombing against the Royal Air Force (RAF) airfields, defended by 10th HAA Rgt, and attacks on a supply convoy on 23 March.
The HAA guns were engaged almost every day, taking a steady toll of the bombers, but the ammunition expenditure was very great.
10th HAA Regiment exchanged with 7th HAA Rgt and took responsibility for defending Fort Manoel and Grand Harbour with a mixture of 4.5-inch, 3.7-inch and 3-inch guns.
By now the RAF fighter strength had been reduced to a handful of aircraft, and the AA guns were the main defence.
March and April 1942 were the period of the heaviest air raids on Malta, with well over 250 sorties a day on occasions.
HAA guns had difficulty engaging these raids, but assisted the defending fighters by firing single 'pointer' rounds to conserve ammunition.This form of fighter-bomber sweep also lost heavily to the AA guns and RAF fighters.
At this stage 190 HAA Bty, with seven officers, 210 other ranks, and 24 attached Maltese Auxiliaries, was billeted in Christian Brothers Street, Gzira, and the two Troops manned gunsites XHE26 (Tal-Qroqq) and XHE 27 (Naxxar), each with 4 x 3.7-inch guns.
With the Axis defeat at Alamein and the Allied North Africa landings the same month, the siege of Malta was ended.
The only enemy air activity for the rest of the year was occasional high-flying reconnaissances and one raid on Luqa in December.
In April, A Troop exchanged gunsite XHE27 with 222 HAA Bty and took over the three static 4.5-inch Mk I guns and GL Mk II radar at XHE25 (Fleur-de-Lys or 'Flurry').
By June/July 1943 the battery formed part of a large AA concentration protecting the build-up of forces in Malta for the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky).
On 17 June 1943, RHQ 10th HAA Rgt was officially disbanded and reformed as RHQ 68th (North Midland) HAA Rgt, with the same batteries:190 and 191 from Birmingham, and 222 from Derby.
Although the AA defences of Malta were progressively run down as units returned home or joined the campaigns in Sicily and later in mainland Italy, 68th HAA Regiment remained part of the permanent garrison of the island until the end of the war and beyond.
68th HAA Regiment was placed in suspended animation in Malta in December 1946 so that it could be officially reformed in the TA in the UK on 1 January 1947.
Simultaneously, 190 HAA Bty was disbanded and its personnel used to resuscitate 252 Medium Bty (from 17th Med Rgt) of the Regular RA as 56 HAA Bty.
The regiment became a pure HAA unit in 1948 and in 1959 it was converted into an AA guided weapons regiment.
In 1968 56 Bty transferred to 50 Missile Rgt where it remained until it was placed in suspended animation in 1993.
Meanwhile the 69th (RWR) HAA Rgt, which had been placed in suspended animation in Italy in January 1945, reformed in the TA at Kings Heath, Birmingham, on 1 January 1947 as 469th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) (Mixed) HAA Rgt ('Mixed' indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were integrated into the unit).
When AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955, 469 (RWR) HAA Rgt with three other West Midland regiments was amalgamated into 442 Light AA Rgt, in which the regimental and battery lineage was maintained by P (5th/6th Royal Warwicks) Bty.
Patrick Cadell (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club J.K. Bracken's and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.
Cadell made his senior debut for Tipperary on 25 January 2020 in the opening round of the 2020 National Hurling League against Limerick in a 0-18 to 2-14 defeat.
Charlie has been diagnosed with a readily treated cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, but decides to try alternative therapies such as coffee enemas and homeopathy.
His friends, Tess and recently divorced Joel, lock him in a cellar and inject him with chemotherapy drugs against his will.
In addition he also has a Associates in Criminal Justice from STLCC-Florissant Valley and graduated from the FBI National Academy in Quantico in 2008.
This list of manga awards is an index to articles about notable awards for manga, comics or graphic novels created in Japan or using the Japanese language and conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century.
Gloria Menéndez Mina (2 November 1913-28 August 2014) was a Guatemalan writer and women's rights activist who was involved in the women's suffrage movement in Guatemala.
Gloria Menéndez Mina Menéndez was born on 2 November 1913 in Guatemala City, Guatemala to Isaura Menéndez and Tomás Menéndez Mina.
Quan was elected as president and the women recruited other supporters, like Angelina Acuña de Castañeda, Rosa Castañeda de Mora, Berta Corleto, Elisa Hall de Asturias and Irene de Peyré, among others.
The group carried out a national campaign to secure enfranchisement for women from the constituent assembly called in 1945, after the ouster of the dictatorial President Jorge Ubico.
Hosting congresses, writing newspaper articles, and petitioning members of the assembly, in February, the women of the UFGP were successful in gaining citizenship rights, including voting, for literate women over the age of 18 in the new constitution.
In 1947, Menéndez Mina was one of the feminists who organized the Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres (First Inter-American Congress of Women), which was hosted by the Unión Democrática de Mujeres in Guatemala City.
The purpose of the conference was to generate dialogue among the women throughout the Americas on international affairs so that they could inform policymaking and to promote peace in the region.
In 1955, she was one of the 36 nominees for Guatemala's Woman of the Year and in the 1960s, she served as a press attaché in Mexico.
Judith Maro (born Ida Yehudit Anastasia Grossman; 24 November 1919 – 16 November 2011) was a Palestinian-Welsh writer who published her works in English and Welsh.
Raised in Haifa, she was educated at the Hebrew Reali School and joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in the Second World War.
Maro served as an officer in the Palmach during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War before moving to the United Kingdom in 1947.
During her career, Maro published an autobiography, wrote novels and made a compilation of a number of English and Welsh Publications.
She was raised in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine and in a non-religious family; she was encouraged to read the Bible to learn about the history of her people.
Attending the Hebrew Reali School, in the montessori education system, Maro found and read documents relating to the paramilitary organisation Haganah and was subsequently sworn as a member of them.
She learnt morse code during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine and taught the language to others to defend themselves against the Kaukaji.
Maro joined the Marxist youth movement Hashomer Hatzair at age 16 and the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) during the Second World War.
After the War, she was dismissed from the ATS and helped to bring Jews who had fled from Nazi camps to her homeland.
At Mount Carmel College of the British Army Maro met the Welsh soldier and sculptor Jonah Jones and the two married without official permission in 1946.
In the meantime, she served as an officer in the Palmach (Haganah's commando wing) in the Galilee during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Maro's time in the ATS, marriage to a British Army soldier and racial conflict prompted her and her husband to leave for the United Kingdom in June 1947.
She began writing in Welsh and insisted that all of her works be translated into the language before appearing in English.
Her husband predeceased her in 2004; Maro was given a funeral at Our Lady Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church in Mumbles on 1 December.
Brasilândia will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which construction is currently paralyzed.
In its first phase, with of extension, Line 6 shoud connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue.
The station will be located in a block in the confluence between Rua Professor Viveiros Raposo, Rua Padre José Materni and Estrada do Sabão, next to Rua Arurunemo and state schools.
Later, Governor Geraldo Alckmin promissed the opening of the first phase of the line to 2020, time which was discarded due to a year of delay in the financing of the Federal Savings Bank, which would be used for the expropriations.
In June 2016, the opening of the line was estimated for 2021, time kept in October 2017, when the resume of the construction was announced for the beginning of 2018.
Currently, the construction is suspended, due to the involvement of the construction companies of the Move São Paulo consortium (Odebrecht, Queiroz Galvão, UTC Participações) in Operation Car Wash, which caused them to not get the financing of R$ 5.5 billions (US$ ) with the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) for the continuity of the construction.
The State Government of São Paulo is currently in negotiations with international companies, including Spanish Acciona and Chinese China Railway Construction Corporation.
At the national level, she is a 2019 Latvian women's champion, three-time mixed doubles champion (2017, 2018, 2019) and two-time junior champion (2012, 2015).
The cable with run between the Greystones substation on the Isle of Grain, in Kent in England to the Conneforde substation in Wilhelmshaven in the Lower Saxony region of Germany.
The HVDC link will consist of two main cables, each approximately 720km long, together with a much thinner fibre optic cable for operational control and communications.
In Jan 2020, the Federal Network Agency in Germany (BNetzA) confirmed the NeuConnect interconnector project in its 2019-2030 grid development plan.
The following is a list of squads for each national team which competed at the 2020 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations.
The eight national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of maximum 14 players, minimum two of whom must be goalkeepers.
The men's 110 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place on 27 September at the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium.
Virginia Marshall Zabriskie (July 15, 1927 – May 7, 2019), born Virginia Marshall, was an American art dealer and gallerist, owner of New York's Zabriskie Gallery from 1954 to 2010.
She earned a bachelor's degree in art history at New York University in 1949, with a senior thesis on Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, and Raymond Duchamp-Villon.
She met modern art promoter Walter Pach while she was a college student; through him, she met Marcel Duchamp, Edward Hopper, and other contemporary artists in New York.
She pursued further art studies in Paris, where she was also the first American to serve as an English-language docent at the Louvre.
Zabriskie owned and ran Zabriskie Gallery in New York from 1954 to 2010, and Galerie Zabriskie in Paris from 1977 to 1998.
She was first to show a group of abstract ink drawings by sculptor Richard Stankiewicz after they were discovered in the 1980s.
She donated many of the Zabriskie Gallery records to the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution, and other materials to the University of Delaware.
Rodolfo Borrell Marco (born 31 January 1971) is a Spanish football coach, who is currently 1st Team Assistant Coach at Manchester City FC, under Manager Pep Guardiola.
He worked at F.C.Barcelona between 1995 and 2008, where he formed part of the team that developed Leo Messi, Gerard Pique and Cesc Fabregas.
In July 2009, Liverpool agreed a deal to bring in renowned Barcelona youth coaches Rodolfo Borrell and Pep Segura to the club.
In the mid-late 2000s, first team coach Rafael Benitez made it a priority of his to improve the club's Academy, hence why Rodolfo was brought in.
It is a job that means my name will sit forever alongside the likes of Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan, Roy Evans, Phil Thompson and Sammy Lee.
They are big names in Liverpool's history and it is also an important role because it is the final step in the Academy.
After a two-year spell as head coach of Liverpool U18s and an eighteen-month stint in charge of the Reserve side, he then became Head of Academy Coaching at Liverpool FC.
Having failed to provide the first team with a key player since Steven Gerrard who made his debut in 1998, the Academy produced numerous exciting talents since Borrell's appointment, including such players as Raheem Sterling.
Recent speculation linked Rodolfo to Arsenal, however Pep Guardiola was not minded to allow former Barcelona youth coach Borrell, who played a role in nurturing the early career of Lionel Messi, to follow the same path as Mikel Arteta.
Borrell will effectively take on Arteta's old job, with the 48-year-old set to work more closely with Pep Guardiola than before.
It became the Skipton Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and then joined the National Health Service as Raikeswood Hospital in 1948.
After services had transferred to Skipton Hospital in April 1991, Raikeswood Hospital closed and was subsequently converted for residential use as Gainsborough Court.
It will be the 23rd edition of the ATP Buenos Aires event, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2020 ATP Tour.
She grew up in Créteil in the Paris region, with her nursing mother who raised her four children alone, of which she was the youngest.
She is then a fan of Michael Jackson and discovers Chaka Khan, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, Prince, Sidney and his show H.I.P.
She acts as a chorister for MC Solaar, Princess Erika, Jalane, Lena Ka, Johnny Hallyday, Stephan Eicher, China Moses, Leslie, Anggun, Diam's, James Izmad, Isis Figaro, Vitaa, Bana C4 or Adict.
She has been working since the 1990s with Cercle Rouge Production (notably White & Spirit, Kilomaître / Tefa & Masta, Mystik, 2 Bal and the filmmaker Jean-François Richet, director of Ma 6-T va crack-er).
Lucas Eduardo Ribeiro de Souza (born 16 June 2000), known as Edu, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defender for Cruzeiro.
On June 2019, Mano Menezes promoted Edu to Cruzeiro senior team after the club sold Murilo Cerqueira to FC Lokomotiv Moscow.
On January 22, 2020, Edu made his professional debut when he replaced Jadsom Silva in the 58 minute of Cruzeiro's Campeonato Mineiro match against Boa Esporte Clube.
Šantelj made his debut for the Slovenian national team on February 22, 2019, at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification game against Turkey national team.
She continued her studies at the Technical School in Stockholm and then with Reinhold Callmander, Carl Larsson and Bruno Liljefors at Valand's painting school in Gothenburg.
In the summer of 1891 she stayed in Portugal and to France where she spent some time in Grez before traveling to Paris.
She worked as a drawing teacher at the Kjellbergska girls' school in Gothenburg from 1896 and at her teacher's seminar from 1908, at Sigrid Rudebeck's school from 1908 to 1913 and at the Gothenburg Women's Folk School seminar from 1909 to 1912.
Her paintings were included in the Salon in Paris in 1892 and she participated in the Swedish Artist's Exhibition in Vienna in 1913.
The 2020 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament (or Rotterdam Open) is a men's tennis tournament to be played on indoor hard courts.
It will be the 47th edition of the Rotterdam Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2020 ATP Tour.
Done in watercolor, gouache, and graphite on wove paper, the work depicts Tucupit Point (formerly Colburn's Butte) in the Kolob Canyons, Zion National Park.
Moran's party passed a then unnamed pinnacle in July, with Moran choosing to render a watercolor drawing of the geographic feature.
In the drawing, several peaks can be seen; the titular Colburn's Butte can be identified as the second from left peak with a white cloud behind it.
De brutas, nada is an upcoming American comedy-drama television series produced by Sony Pictures Television, from a screenplay by Isabella Santodomingo.
The filming of the series began on 5 September 2019, and consists of two seasons, the first season having a total of 9 episodes and the second a total of 11 episodes.
The series stars Tessa Ía, and Christian Vázquez, with an ensemble cast composed mostly by José Pablo Minor, Julián Román, Gonzalo García Vivanco, and Carolina Ramírez.
The plot revolves around Cristina (Tessa Ía), a young woman who is about to marry, but suddenly discovers that her fiance cheated on her with another woman.
Alejandro (Christian Vázquez) is a single man who is looking for a new place to live, and meets Cristina, who he suddenly falls in love with, but out of fear he decides to make him believe he is gay.
It will be the third edition of the New York Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2020 ATP Tour.
Alexandre de Jesus Jeruzalem Júnior (born 16 September 2001), known as Alexandre de Jesus, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder and winger for Cruzeiro.
On January 22, 2020, Jesus made his professional debut when he started for Cruzeiro in their Campeonato Mineiro match against Boa Esporte Clube.
It is near to Assembly, Public Garden, RBI, Nizam Club, Prasar Bharati, L.B.Stadium road, All India Radio, Archeology Museum and Nampally Railway Station.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
John Adam was an English politician who was MP for New Romney in 1410, February 1413, March 1416, 1419, 1423, 1427, 1429, and 1431, and jurat and bailiff for the aforementioned town on many occasions.
Mutabbaq Samak (also mutabbak, or im'tabbag simach (Arabic مطبق سمك‎)) a rice based dish popular in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf and in the Iraqi Diaspora.
It is basically spiced fried fish, usually Stromateus and caramalized onions served over rice that is cooked in well-spiced fish stock.
This is indicative of the way this dish was prepared historically, in which layers of fish, rice and bread were added in a pot which is flipped upside down when ready to be served.
Today, the recipe became so much simpler that it is uncommon to find any fried fish over rice is called Mutabbaq Samak.
Bratec made his debut for the Slovenian national team on September 14, 2018, at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification game against Latvia national team.
They were a specialty of Washington DC and have been included on the menus of numerous historic Washington restaurants, though they are not commonly found in the present day.
Hogate's Restaurant was known for their version of the sweet bread, which included cinnamon and raisins, reportedly selling an estimated 20,000 buns per week until they closed in 2001.
The wedding of Constantine II, King of the Hellenes, and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark took place on Friday, 18 September 1964 at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens.
Constantine II, King of the Hellenes was the only son of Paul, King of the Hellenes and Frederica of Hanover, while Princess Anne-Marie was the youngest daughter of Frederick IX, King of Denmark and Ingrid of Sweden.
The couple, third cousins through both Victoria of the United Kingdom and Christian IX of Denmark, first met in 1959 when then Crown Prince Constantine accompanied his parents on a state visit to Denmark.
They met again in 1961, and in 1962, Anne-Marie was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Constantine's older sister, Princess Sophia, to Infante Juan Carlos of Spain.
In 1962, Princess Anne-Marie was on holiday with her governess in Norway, where Crown Prince Constantine was attending a yacht racing event, he proposed, she accepted.
King Frederick IX initially withheld his consent, as Anne-Marie was only 15 at the time, but eventually relented on the conditions that she finish her education and reach her 18th birthday.
Her Irish lace veil, worn by her maternal grandmother, Princess Margaret of Connaught at her own wedding in 1905, was anchored by a Cartier diamond tiara given to Princess Margaret by the Khedive of Egypt.
He wore the riband and star of the Order of the Redeemer as well as all his other medals and decorations.
As both bride and bridegroom were descendants of Victoria of the United Kingdom and Christian IX of Denmark, they were closely related to almost all of the royal houses of Europe, many of whom were in attendance.
There are local, national and international instances, congregations, institutions, specialized teams and missionaries from Brazil, Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia that coordinate to work together to protect human rights, indigenous peoples and a different approach to the territory of the Amazon.
It was born to be a counterpoint to the states that have prioritized economic growth ahead of human rights violations and the attack on indigenous peoples.
After his election in 2013, Pope Francis addressed the bishops of Brazil to request that the church should assume a new role in the Panamazon region and asked for courage.
Since then, REPAM has coordinated the work of the Catholic Church in the Amazon region, the work of priests, missionaries, representatives of Caritas and has worked to defend indigenous peoples and the environment.
Tree Ambulance is an initiative that was launched on the occasion of International Day for Biological Diversity on May 22, 2019, by the Vice President of India, Venkaiah Naidu.
The initiative was launched for the purpose of providing a platform to battle Climate Change by replanting the uprooted trees due to Cyclone Vardah and Cyclone Gaja that struck South India in November 2018.
Tree Ambulance is also tasked to provide other services such as seed bank, plant distribution and campaigns to plant more trees and even removal of dead trees.
To provide better services, Tree Ambulance will also be accompanied by plant experts and volunteers who can work on providing different services to bring the trees back on their feet.
Tree Ambulance is also tasked to visit schools and institutions to educate people on the importance of trees and increasing the green cover.
The location was selected because it is currently under threat of gentrification and Duffy wished to contribute to the neighborhood's Black identity.
Temple Carrig School (also known as Temple Carrig Secondary School) is a mixed, Church of Ireland, voluntary secondary school in Greystones, County Wicklow, Ireland.
It is the first Church of Ireland voluntary secondary school to be established since the foundation of the Irish Free State.
Students study the Junior Cycle curriculum for their first three years, the Transition Year syllabus (compulsory) for their fourth, and the Leaving Certificate curriculum for their final two.
In 2015, the school became known for setting up a campaign to oppose the building of a McDonald's fast food outlet opposite; the planning battle was lost but the campaign became popular and the chain subsequently rolled back their plans for the area.
He taught art and architecture at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and he authored three books about the antebellum architecture of Louisiana.
Rosa Catherine Fiveash (22 July 1854, Adelaide – 13 February 1938, Adelaide) was an Australian botanical artist, illustrator and art teacher.
Rosa Catherine Fiveash was born on 22 July 1854 in Adelaide, becoming the youngest child of businessman and superintendant of the Blinman and Yudanamutana copper mines Robert Archibald Fiveash and his wife Margaret, née Rees.
While studying under Harry Pelling Gill, Principal, and Louis Tannert, Master of the School of Painting, Fiveash chose painting of Australian flora as her specialization.
Achieving high grades, she gained her art teacher’s certificate from the Adelaide School of Art in 1888, and three years later, received accreditation from South Kensington in London.
Apart from a trip to England in 1901, Fiveash lived all her life with her unmarried sister in the family house in North Adelaide.
Each of nine parts of this work, that were published between 1892 and 1890, contained five illustrations of Fiveash drawn in no particular botanical order.
Her works were described as outstanding detailed depiction of the flowering branches, as well as the floral parts, timber and bark of eucalypts.
After painting Fiveash’s works were prepared for the lithography by the South Australian Government lithograper Haucourt Barrett, who received a smaller share of credit comparing to Fiveash.
Her seven of the colored plates accompanied Stirling’s description of newly discovered marsupial mole, as well as 322 illustrations of toas Aboriginal direction signs, for a later paper by Stirling and E. R. Waite.
After visiting Victoria in 1880s to enhance her china painting technique and learn the firing process, Fiveash returned to the art school in Adelaide where she taught this technique from 1894 to 1896.
Even after 1896, when the fashion for china painting faded away and the class was abandoned, Fiveash continued making pieces in this technique for several decades into the twentieth century.In 1900 Fiveash’s portfolio with flower-paintings so impressed the governor Lord Tennyson and philanthropist Robert Barr Smith that they purchased the pictures as the gift to the colony.
In 1908 Professor and orchidologist Richard S. Rogers persuaded Fiveash to concentrate on orchids and she quickly developed an ‘orchid eye’.
Rogers provided Fiveash with a set of Zeiss lenses and fresh specimens and Fiveash provided him the illustrations for his publications.
In 1957 her paintings were moved from the Art Gallery to the South Australian Museum, and finally to the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide in 1979.
Michael Grobbel notes the book's 'colloquial and at time laconic style', as a result of the book staying true to its oral origins, and explains how Rosenberg discusses the continued 'persistance of racial intolerance after 1945'.
In 1998 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit First Class of the Federal Republic of Germany, 'for his special services to understanding between the minority and the majority'.
Ellis Jacob (born 1954) is a Canadian business executive who serves as the president and chief executive officer of Cineplex Entertainment.
He was the founder of Galaxy Entertainment Inc. in 1999 and has been the President and CEO of Cineplex Galaxy since November 2003.
Ellis Jacob's entry into the film exhibition business took place in October 1987 when he joined Cineplex Odeon Corporation as its chief financial officer.
Under his role, he helped bring the upstart movie chain back from the brink by 1993, and was promoted to chief operating officer in 1996.
Shortly in October 1999, Jacobs and Gerry Schwartz (CEO of Onex Corporation) founded Galaxy Cinemas with their mission to build 20 theatres small and medium-sized cities across Canada.
On November 26, 2003, Jacobs became the CEO of the newly merged Cineplex Galaxy Income Fund which consisted of Galaxy Cinemas and the Canadian assets of the restructured Loews Cineplex which brought the chains to 86.
Since the 2010s, Jacobs began expanding several concepts beyond movie theatres such as the launch of The Rec Room and foraying into eSports such as WorldGaming Network.
He studied art at Dartington College of Arts, receiving a BA in 2008; and subsequently received a MA in performance from Aberystwyth University, and a practice-based PhD from University of Reading.
O’Brien is best known for performance art actions in which he uses endurance and un-simulated injury to explore his experience of living with cystic fibrosis, a severe and chronic genetic illness.
A key proponent of disability art in the U.K., O’Brien uses performance art as well as installation and video to challenge common representations of illness and disability and examine what it means to be born with a life-threatening disease.
His performances include vignettes that use percussive therapeutic techniques used to treat the symptoms of cystic fibrosis (beating the chest to expel phlegm); or invented techniques such as cutting the shape of the lungs onto the skin of his chest.
His works also tend to borrow the style and content of sadomasochistic practices, often is direct dialogue with the work of the late Bob Flanagan, a pioneering artist who similarly used pain and endurance to explore his experiences as a person with cystic fibrosis.
His work has been presented throughout the UK, Europe and the USA including Spill Festival (London), Kapelica Gallery (Ljubljana), Abrons Art Center (New York), ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives (Los Angeles), Tate Britain, London, In Between Time Festival of Performance (Bristol), Chapter Arts Centre (Cardiff), and Grace Exhibition Space (New York).
He has been funded and commissioned by organisations such as Arts Council England, British Council, and the Live Art Development Agency.
It is not clear if the original Berber term was used to refer to all Berbers or only a tribe or other subset.
Gisela Mashayekhi-Beer (born before 1983) is an Austrian flautist and professor at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna as well as lecturer at the .
Born in Passau, Mashayekhi-Beer studied from 1983 at the Mozarteum University Salzburg with Helmut Zangerle, who was the solo flutist of the Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg.
In 1985 she changed to the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, where she studied for the next two years with Wolfgang Schulz, solo flutist of the Vienna Philharmonic.
In 1986 Schulz brought her into the Vienna Chamber Orchestra as his successor, with whom she also played her first major tours in South America and Japan.
The ensemble's mission is to perform contemporary music in connection with other arts or contrasting music, opening the listener's ears in a new and different way to New Music.
During this time, Mashayekhi-Beer intensified her engagement with contemporary music and its instrument-specific new techniques and profited from collaborations with composers such as Hans Zender, Toru Takemitsu, Peter Ablinger etc.
She wanted to publish the poem and the illustrations in a book form and tried to convince the company to do so.
Astrid Lindgren was so enthusiastic about the book and the illustrations that she also wanted to publish the book in other countries.
The publishers agreed to do so, but they wanted Astrid Lindgren to write another text to the pictures, which Astrid Lindgren did.
The main character Tjorven leaves a plate with groat on the doorstep for Tomten (in the English edition it is Father Christmas), just like her grandmother had done years ago.
While Tjorven is sure that Tomten got it, her friend Pelle believes that the hungry fox, that lives on the island, has taken the food.
For this purpose, he rewrote the poem by Karl-Erik Forsslund, on which the book by Astrid Lindgren is based on, into a song.
The 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée was a moderately large volcanic eruption on the island of Martinique in the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc of the eastern Caribbean.
Some of the afflicted residents panicked and headed for the perceived safety of larger settlements, especially Saint-Pierre, about south of Pelée's summit.
Mount Pelée remained relatively quiet until the afternoon of 5 May when a mudflow swept down a river on the southwest flank of the volcano, destroying a sugar mill.
A ground-hugging cloud of incandescent lava particles suspended by searing turbulent gases moved at hurricane speed down the southwest flank of the volcano, reaching Saint-Pierre at 8:02 a.m.
On 23 April there was a light rain of cinders on the mountain's southern and western side, together with seismic activity.
On 25 April the mountain emitted a large cloud containing rocks and ashes from its top, where the Étang Sec caldera was located.
On 26 April the surroundings were dusted by volcanic ash from an explosion; the public authorities still did not see a reason to worry.
There was a high cone of volcanic debris built up on one side, feeding the lake with a steady stream of boiling water.
On Monday, 5 May, activity appeared to decrease, but at about 1:00 p.m., the sea suddenly receded about and then rushed back, flooding parts of the city, and a large cloud of smoke appeared westwards of the mountain.
One wall of the Étang Sec crater collapsed and propelled a mass of boiling water and mud (a lahar) into the Blanche River, flooded the Guérin sugar works and buried about 150 victims under to of mud.
On Wednesday, 7 May at around 04:00, activity increased; the clouds of ash caused numerous bolts of volcanic lightning around the mountaintop, and both craters glowed reddish orange into the night.
Through the day, people were leaving the city, but more people from the countryside were attempting to find refuge in the city, increasing its population by several thousand.
News of the volcano Soufrière erupting on the nearby Saint Vincent island reassured the people, who believed it was a sign that the mountain's internal pressure was being relieved.
A cable repair ship had the city in direct view; the upper mountainside ripped open and a dense black cloud shot out horizontally.
The horizontal pyroclastic surge hugged the ground and sped down towards the city of Saint-Pierre, appearing black and heavy, glowing hot from within.
Nobody knew what was happening, nor who had authority over the island, as the governor was unreachable and his status unknown.
The area devastated by the pyroclastic cloud covered about , with the city of Saint-Pierre taking the brunt of the damage.
At the time of the eruption, Saint-Pierre had a population of about 28,000, which had swollen with refugees from the minor explosions and mud flows first emitted by the volcano.
Legend has previously reported that out of the 30,000 in the city, there were only two survivors: Louis-Auguste Cyparis, a felon held in an underground cell in the town's jail for wounding a friend with a cutlass, and Léon Compère-Léandre, a man who lived at the edge of the city.
A number made their way to Le Carbet, just south of St. Pierre behind a ridge that protected that town from the worst of the pyroclastic flow; survivors were rescued on the beach there by Martinique officials.
I turned to go into the house, with great difficulty climbed the three or four steps that separated me from my room, and felt my arms and legs burning, also my body.
At this moment four others sought refuge in my room, crying and writhing with pain, although their garments showed no sign of having been touched by flame.
At the end of 10 minutes one of these, the young Delavaud girl, aged about 10 years, fell dead; the others left.
I got up and went to another room, where I found the father Delavaud, still clothed and lying on the bed, dead.
However, it reached the port of Saint-Pierre at 06:30, shortly before the eruption, and was set aflame by the pyroclastic flow.
28 of her crew, and all the passengers except two (a child and her creole nurse), were killed by the cloud.
The fierce heat beat back landing parties until nearly 15:00, when the captain came ashore on the Place Bertin, the tree-shaded square with cafés near the center of town.
Meanwhile, a number of survivors had been plucked from the sea by small boats; they were sailors who had been blown into the water by the impact of the blast, and who had clung to wreckage for hours.
In the village of Carbet, shielded from the fiery cloud by a high promontory at the southern end of the city, were more victims, also badly burned; few of these lived longer than a few hours.
Inside this area, the annihilation of life and property was total; outside was a second, clearly defined zone where there were casualties, but the material damage was less, while beyond this lay a strip in which vegetation was scorched but life was spared.
Many victims were in casual attitudes, their features calm and reposeful, indicating that the eruption blast had reached them without warning; others were contorted in anguish.
Some houses were almost pulverized; it was impossible even for those familiar with the city to identify the foundations of the city landmarks.
Sanitation parties gradually penetrated the ruins, to dispose of the dead by burning; burial was not possible given the number of dead.
Thousands of victims lay under a shroud of ashes, heaped in windrows several feet deep, caked by the rains; many of these bodies were not retrieved for weeks, and few were identifiable.
On 12 May, US president Theodore Roosevelt instructed the Secretaries of War, Navy, and Treasury to start relief measures at once.
The US Congress voted for $200,000 of immediate assistance and set hearings to determine what larger sum might be needed when the full nature of the disaster could be learned.
In an appeal for public funds the President empowered postmasters to receive donations for relief of the victims; a national committee of prominent citizens took charge of chartering supply ships.
On 20 May 1902, a second eruption similar to the first one in both type and force obliterated what was left of Saint-Pierre, killing 2000 rescuers, engineers, and mariners bringing supplies to the island.
During a powerful eruption on August 30, 1902, a pyroclastic flow extended further east than the flows of 8 and 20 May.
Although not quite as powerful as the previous two eruptions, the August 30 pyroclastic flow struck Morne Rouge, killing at least 800, Ajoupa-Bouillon (250 fatalities), and parts of Basse-Pointe (25 fatalities) and Morne-Capot, killing 10.
Beginning in October 1902, a large volcanic spine grew from the crater floor in the Étang Sec crater, reaching a maximum width of about and a height of about .
Igor Thiago Nascimento Rodrigues (born 26 June 2001), known as Thiago, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Cruzeiro.
On January 22, 2020, Jesus made his professional debut when he started for Cruzeiro in their Campeonato Mineiro match against Boa Esporte Clube.
Shakirat Nurzhanovich Utegaziyev (Russian: Шакират Нуржанович Утегазиев) (1936 - 1984) was a Kazakh and Soviet physician, notable as the founder and first Chairman of the Mangystau Region Division of Health and Medicine in the Kazakh Republic of the Soviet Union, now referred to as the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The Mangystau Region, economically prosperous due to its energy industry , officially became an administrative region in 1973 and formed its Regional Division of Health and Medicine that same year.
During his tenure, Shakirat Utegaziyev initiated the construction and development of the Mangystau Regional Hospital , notable as being the 4th medical complex of its kind in the Soviet Union.
Today, the Mangystau Regional Hospital consists of over 25 specialized departments, including cardiology, surgery, gastroenterology, as well as many other diagnostic treatment facilities.
As Chairman of the Mangystau Region Division of Health and Medicine, Utegaziyev facilitated the development, training and education of the next generation of medical health professionals.
Utegaziyev created programs where every year, 20-25% of the Mangystau Region’s medical professionals underwent additional advanced training at leading USSR hospitals and medical schools to upgrade their credentials.
Shakirat Utegaziyev is the author of numerous publications, which are housed in leading medical schools and academic databases internationally, such as Harvard Medical School, Indiana University School of Medicine and JSTOR.
Shakirat Utegaziyev is the recipient of awards such as the USSR Health Care Award for Excellence (Russian: Отличник здравоохранения (СССР)), in recognition of professionals who have made significant contributions in their field.
Shakirat Utegaziyev’s role in founding and shaping Mangystau’s modern medical and healthcare system is memorialized in a dedicatory monument at the Mangystau Regional Hospital, officially unveiled on July 3, 2017.
He represented China at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the bronze medal in the men's 100 kg event in 2004 and the bronze medal in the men's +100 kg event in 2008.
The team finished with a 26–7 (12–4) record, was Big East regular season champions, and advanced to the Southeast Regional semifinal of the NCAA tournament.
The Heart of a Cracksman is a 1913 silent film short directed by Wallace Reid and Willis Roberts and starring Reid and Cleo Madison.
He represented China at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 90 kg event in 2008 and the silver medal in the men's 90 kg event in 2012.
The 2020 National Camogie League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Littlewoods Ireland Camogie Leagues, takes place in Ireland in spring 2020.
Several new rules are being trialled, to do with contact, persistent fouling, puckouts, dropping the camogie stick, hand-pass goals and penalty shots.
The 2020 National Camogie League consists of three divisions: 9 in Division 1, 14 in Division 2 and 4 in Division 3; division 1 is divided into two groups and Division 2 is divided into three groups.
In Division 2, the three group winners and runners-up contest the quarter-finals; the three quarter-final winners then play a semi-final and final.
The Secret War of Jackie's Girls is a 1980 American TV movie that was conceived as a pilot but never went to series.
She started working as a teacher and, after having achieved some success with the publication of her first poems, decided to become a full-time poet with the pseudonym of An Qi.
Sedaghar Jabbari (; born 1961) is an Iranian Calligrapher, Painter, and Graphic designer and Typography Professor at the College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Which He who holds a PhD in Art Research from.
He also holds a Master degree from the Iranian Calligraphers Association and is a member of the Iranian Association of Graphic Designers.
The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1995 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Qualifying Round for spots in the 1995 World Group.
He worked in legal private practice until 1947 when he was appointed as an associate judge to the Puerto Rico Supreme Court until his retirement in 1957.
Ralph Algar was an English politician who was MP for Colchester in October 1383, April 1384, 1385, 1386, and September 1388.
The foundation stone was laid on 24 February 1963 but the unexpected death of the poet on 11 October 1963 interrupted the work.
Cocteau's adopted son Édouard Dermit transferred on the cement walls the 150 sketches left by Cocteau and realized the frescoes with the help of charcoal and oil color pencils.
Inspired by the Torcello Cathedral and the Pantheon, Triquenot designed an octagonal chapel with large walls to accommodate the frescoes and an oculus.
At the Last Supper, Cocteau gave the 12 apostles his face, the face of his close relatives: Jean Marais, Coco Chanel, Max Jacob, Édouard Dermit and Francine Weisweiller.
Knights of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre are represented on the stained glass of the entrance door and above it.
The stained glass windows and the floor covered with blue ceramics, evoking the Mediterranean Sea, are the creation of Roger Pélissier.
The ambulatory is decorated with 6 mosaics made in 1992 from Cocteau's drawings, with the tiles made of pâte de verre from Murano.
A red Jerusalem cross, whose 5 wings symbolize the 5 wounds of Christ, is placed on the top of the chapel roof.
It became the Settle Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and then joined the National Health Service as Castleberg Hospital in 1948.
It closed in April 2017 because of concerns over its power supply, heating and drainage but, after a major refurbishment, it re-opened again in September 2019.
Sokichi Furuya (born February 16, 1914 - May 31, 1985) was a Japanese serial killer, who in the span between October 30 and December 12, 1965, murdered eight elderly people in a robbery-murder spree.
His parents were part-time farmers, who also operated as relatively wealthy fish traders, but when Sokichi was four, his mother died, while his father went to Korea in search of new land, breaking up the family.
Furuya was sent to live with his uncle in Osaka until he was 8, also staying with other relatives at times.
Finally, Furuya, unable to stand his stepmother's abuse, began earning a living by stealing, and engaged in a life of theft and violence, spending his nights under the eaves of a temple.
After graduating from elementary school, Furuya and his family relocated to Hiroshima Prefecture, but Sokichi was kicked out of his junior high school for beating up a teacher.
His misfortune and misery in childhood led to the formation of a crude, self-centered and bizarre personality, which would later be responsible for numerous violent events.
He remained at the Iwakuni reformatory in Yamaguchi Prefecture until April 1933, but was rearrested in August for another theft that occurred on May 4, for which he received four years imprisonment to be in served the Fukuoka Prison.
Immediately after his release, he was sentenced to 3 years in prison for theft and fraud in September 1937, and given another six for theft in April 1941.
By 1947, Furuya had amassed several convictions for theft, fraud and extortion, and had spent a total of 29 years in prison.
On May 23, 1951, while in Fukuoka's Hakata-ku ward, Sokichi and a younger accomplice strangled a man and stole 6,800 in cash.
In addition to robbing the yen, the duo also strangled to death a lonely, elderly man in Yahata (now Kitakyushu) on June 20, stealing 230 yen from him.
Because he had managed to pin the crimes on his younger companion, and with the lack of sufficient evidence to tie him to the crime scenes, he served time in the Kumakoto Prison before being paroled on November 9, 1963.
While on the run, the accomplice, who was 19 years old at the time, had served 10 years in juvenile prison.
Furuya got a job with civil engineering after his parole from Kumamato Prison, and after reading a newspaper article, in May 1964, he decided to move to the Kansai region.
On October 30, 1965, Furuya strangled a 57-year-old man who lived in Kaigandori, in Kobe, stealing 500 yen, as well watches and the victim's pants.
The next attack took place in Nishinomiya, with Furuya continuing his crime spree until December 12 of that year, always attacking in West Japan, with his targets being persons above 50 years of age and living alone.
His victims included one man in Fukuoka, three in Hyōgo, one in Osaka, one in Shiga and two in Kyoto - all were killed by stabbing, strangulation or severe beating in either junkyards or construction sites.
Based on a picture sent from a woman living in Kotohirayama, Kagawa Prefecture, the Ōmuta-based agency learned of a picture showing four people, among them aforementioned woman and Sokichi Furuya.
On December 11, in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, authorities found that a fingerprint was consisted with those of Sokichi Furuya, who was designated as Internationally Wanted the following day.
On that very day, Furuya was in Nishinomiya, walking around the coastal bank when he came across two local salvagers (51 and 69-years-old, respectively), whom he beat to death with a hammer.
Coincidentally, a patrol of police officers were near the scene when they discovered the bodies of the two men in a hut.
Without a weapon, he still ignored the warnings from police, but Furuya, who was 51 at the time, was not physically capable of outrunning the multiple police officers who were on his tail.
Initially, he denied any and all charges against him, blaming a fictitious accomplice while proclaiming his own innocence, much like with his 1951 crimes.
When asked for a reason for the killings, he gave a very simple answer: he begged for meals and accommodation, and killed those who refused.
Police also determined that Furuya was responsible for an additional murder of an old man between 1964 and 1965, but lacked the appropriate evidence for it.
On June 29, 1966, the first trial of Sokich Furuya was held in the Kobe District Court before the presiding judge of Nagahisa.
He remained calm during the initial court proceedings, but when the prosecutor began describing one of the crime scenes in Kobe, he suddenly got up, shouted at, and subsequently beat up the prosecutor.
Furuya only admitted to the Nishinomiya murder, but denied robbery being the motive, claiming that he had not intended to steal the gold, but instead stopped to borrow some food and only killed the lodger when he refused to offer some.
On February 16, 1971, the Kobe District Court, headed by Chief Justice Nakagawa, as well as the Kobe District Prosecutor's Office and prosecutor Megumi Nakamura, sentenced Sokichi Furuya to death.
The presiding judge, Takatsuji Masami, supported the death sentence and rejected the appeal, and in January 1979, the death sentence was formally established.
After the death penalty was established, he was held in Osaka Detention House until his execution, but on December 2, 1982, he attacked a fellow 39-year-old death row prisoner in his cell.
On May 31, 1985, six years after being sentenced to death, Sokichi Furuya was executed in the Osaka Detention House following an order by Minister of Justice Hitoshi Shimazaki.
At the time, he was oldest prisoner to be executed in Japan, a record later broken following the double execution of Yoshimitsu Akiyama and Yoshio Fujinami (77 and 75, respectively) on December 25, 2006.
He had no cellmates or friends, and the only person who sent him letters was a former investigator from the Hyōgo Prefectural Police.
Like her national teammates Lin Shan, Fan Feifei, and Wang Ruixue, Ju Zhen started playing the sport under coach Wang Jinqin at the Weifang School of the Blind in Weifang, Shandong province.
Her parents were native, fluent Irish speakers, and while English was the language in the Ashe home, Ashe herself was bilingual.
She taught at the Kilrush Mercy convent school, before going on to attend Carysfort College, where she was taught by Éamon de Valera often conserving with him in Irish.
While Thomas was imprisoned after the Rising in Ireland and then England, Ashe visited and wrote to him and a number of his colleagues, it was through her that Thomas kept in contact with his friends in Ireland.
She brought him a message from Collins when he was in Lewes prison, also meeting with Stack and a number of other convicts.
Ashe was the first of the Ashe family to arrive at the Mater Hospital, and was involved in the arrangement of a demonstration at Thomas' funeral.
She was involved with Conradh na Gaeilge for many years, attending their ard fheiseanna, and served as a trustee of Choiste Gnótha from 1923 to 1941.
Ashe spent a great deal of her time preserving the memory of her brother, particularly as a source of information on his life.
Edward Gabbett (14 January 1841 - 16 January 1912) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 19th Century and the first decade of the 20th.
Garuda was just a baby in 1260 AD, when a battle took place between Govardhan and the tribal rebels consisting of the Nagas, Kukis, Pnars, Khasis and Kacharis.
Shortly after, on the way back from Kamrup, an army of sannyasis led by Govinda, of the Brahmanchal (Southern Sylhet) royal family, emerged.
Singh gave his daughter, Princess Shantipriya, in marriage to Garuda and gifted Garuda the area now known as Chapghat in eastern Karimganj as a dowry.
However, they were seen by Subid, a tribal rebel, who informed the Muslims and this led to Garuda's boat being followed by the Muslims.
John Durnford Jernegan (1911–1981) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Iraq from 1958 until the Government of Iraq requested his departure on June 2, 1962.
Jernegan was also Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Algeria from 1965 until Algeria severed diplomatic relations with the United States on June 6, 1967.
Charles Willis Fisher Jr. (October 27, 1880 - October 8, 1971) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Rear admiral.
Following the high school, he received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in October 1897 and while at the Academy, he participated as Midshipman in the Spanish-American War in the waters of the West Indies and Cuba.
He graduated on June 7, 1901 with Bachelor of Science degree and among his classmates were several future Admirals including World War II Chief of Naval Operations, Ernest J.
King; and Burrell C. Allen, Ivan E. Bass, John Downes, Arthur P. Fairfield, Julius A. Furer, George F. Neal, Walter N. Vernou, Manley H. Simmons, Rufus F. Zogbaum Jr., Adolphus Andrews and William S. Pye.
Fisher was subsequently appointed Assistant Naval Constructor at Boston Navy Yard and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant (junior grade) on October 21, 1904 and to Lieutenant on the same date.
He was transferred to Naval Construction Corps two weeks later and served at the Mare Island Navy Yard as Assistant Naval Constructor from June 1907 until mid-August 1911, when he was ordered to the same capacity at Norfolk Navy Yard.
He was promoted to Naval Constructor and ordered to the Puget Sound Navy Yard in August 1914, where he participated in the repair and rebuilding of the ships for next three years.
Following the United States entry into World War I, Fisher was promoted to the temporary rank of Commander on August 31, 1917 and ordered to the staff of the Commander, U.S.
Fisher was stationed in England and France and served in this capacity until November 1918, when he was ordered to the Naval Base in Brest for construction duty.
For his previous service as Aide to Admiral Sims, Fisher was decorated with Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat, and also received Legion of Honour by the Government of France.
Fisher remained in France until October 1919 and returned to the United States for duty as Member of the Compensation Board at the Navy Department.
He was transferred to the Charleston Navy Yard, South Carolina in September 1921 and served there for one year, where he was ordered to Washington, D.C. for duty at the Bureau of Construction and Repair under Rear admiral John D. Beuret.
Fisher was transferred to San Francisco in August 1931 and appointed Member of the Board of Intelligence & Security, Pacific Coast Section.
He remained in that assignment until September 1935, when he was ordered to the Washington, D.C. for duty Assistant Director of Shore Establishment Division in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy under Claude A. Swanson.
In September 1939, Fisher was promoted to the capacity of Director of Shore Establishment Division and held overal responsibility for the coordination and improvement of the industrial establishment at the Navy Yards.
He proposed to abolish the Bureaus and to substitute in their place an Office of Naval Material paralleling the Office of Naval Operations.
On the other hand, Secretary of the Navy Charles Edison proposed a reorganization which would have retained the Bureau system, but was expected to provide coordination of materiel through a Director of Shore Establishments, and in this way to bring about more effective and more harmonious relationships between the command, civilian, and staff elements of the Navy Department.
Fisher served as Secretary's spokesman and principal advocate of the plan at the Committee Hearings, but it was opposed by Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Admiral Harold R. Stark and was dropped.
The influence of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy in such matters gradually declined and a corresponding increase in the control over the Shore Establishment by CNO took place at the same time.
He was particularly concerned over the growing practice of bypassing the Assistant Secretary, thus keeping that office in the dark about matters for which the Assistant Secretary was responsible.
New CNO and Fisher's Naval Academy classmate, Admiral Ernest King continued in the efforts to switch the functions of Shore Establishment Division to Budget Office under CNO, but Fisher recommended against such a wholesale transfer.
Fisher was replaced on January 20, 1944 by Rear admiral Frederick G. Crisp and appointed Director of Inspection Division in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy under Ralph A. Bard.
He also held additional duty as a member of the Navy Manpower Survey Board under his Naval Academy classmate, Vice admiral Adolphus Andrews.
Fisher retired on shortly following the War after 44 years of active duty and received Legion of Merit by Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal for his distinguished service during the War.
Lawrence George Rossin (1952 - October 6, 2012) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Croatia from 2000 until 2003.
Born in Newark and raised in Santa Maria, California, Rossin graduated from Claremont McKenna College in 1975 with a degree in Economics.
Some of his positions included deputy chief of mission in Spain from 1995 to 1998, director of south central European affairs at the State Department from 1998 to 1999 and chief of mission in Kosovo before serving as ambassador to Croatia from 2001 to 2003.
From 2008 until his retirement in 2011, Rossin was deputy assistant secretary general for operations at NATO, providing policy support for NATO military operations.
Kofi Annan appointed him to be Principal Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti effective March 2, 2006.
It depicts Pawnee chief Pes-Ke-Le-Cha-Co as of 1832, painted as a copy of a now destroyed set of paintings by Charles Bird King.
He was asked by Thomas L. McKenney to copy over 100 oil paintings by King and translate them to his set of Native American chief biographies, History of the Indian Tribes of North America.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were three different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group Qualifying Round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round.
Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-off, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-off were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 1995.
John Armour Haydn (b Tallow, County Waterford 5 March 1845- d Limerick 21 May 1920) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 19th Century and the first decades of the 20th.
The film explored the relationship between architecture, class and race, and showed Brixton as a disregarded area populated by London's future robotic workforce.
The 2016 Kazakh protests were a massive, unauthorized protests that were held in Kazakhstan against the new amendments to the Land Code, which began on 24 April 2016 in the city of Atyrau.
During the first three rallies, the authorities did not try to harshly suppress the protests, but tried to calm the protesters and offer other forms of dialogue.
On 30 March 2016, Minister of National Economy, Erbolat Dosaev, announced that from starting from July 1st, 1.7 million hectares of agricultural land would be put up for auction.
According to some Kazakh journalists, the boiling point was not the amendments to the Land Code, but the country's difficult economic situation due to declining oil prices and the devaluation of the tenge despite promises by the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev to fix the problems.
Among the signatories of the petition were Abdijamil Nurpeisov, a writer, Murat Auezov, a culturologist, Murat Kalmataev, retired general, Abugali Kaydarov, academician, and Mels Eleusizov, an ecologist.
On 20 April, in Astana, civil activist Galymbek Akulbekov held a single picket against the sale of land to foreigners, but he was soon detained by police.
On 22 April, in Almaty, around three dozen group of citizens called for the permission of the rally to be held on 21 May.
On 24 April, a first mass rally was held in the center of Atyrau against the sale of land to foreigners, where around 700 to 4000 people gathered.
On 27 April, in the cities of Aktobe and Semey, with the participation of hundreds of people, rallies were held against changes in the land code of Kazakhstan and against plans by the authorities to sell agricultural land.
On 28 April, several dozen people gathered in Aktau in the central square, but the police did not allow the rally to be held, citing that the square was necessary to prepare for the holiday of the Unity of the People.
On 1 May, on the Day of Unity of the People, protests were held in Zhanaozen, where around hundred people gathered.
On May 4, a spontaneous rally was held in the central square of Oral with the participation of several dozen people.
As in previous protests in other cities of Kazakhstan, the protesters opposed the transfer of agricultural land for a long-term rent to foreigners.
Vice-Minister of National Economy Kairat Uskenbaev was dismissed, Minister Dosaev himself resigned from office on his own, and Minister of Agriculture Asylzhan Mamytbekov was reprimanded, but the next day he also resigned.
In addition, Nazarbayev ordered the creation of a new Ministry of Information and Communication, which would monitor the information space and develop the state’s information policy.
Attempts to hold unsanctioned rallies were recorded in the cities of Aktobe, Atyrau, and Pavlodar, where a small number of citizens gathered and after warning about the illegality of the rally, a group of people obediently left the embankment of the river Irtysh, and the organizer Serikbay Alibaev was fined 50 MCI.
After a rally in Atyrau at a session of the People’s Assembly, President Nazarbayev expressed his vision of the land issue and stated that it was necessary to find and punish all the instigators of misinformation about the issue.
In Karaganda, the reason for the rejection of the processions was due to weather conditions by the Deputy Akim, Nurlan Aubakirov.
In Temirtau, according to the Deputy Head of the city, Galymzhan Spabekov, was in order not to block the public transport in the city along the main streets.
Some Kazakh officials and pro-government media have suggested that the unrest was triggered and financed by foreign nations, although no evidence was provided.
On 1 May, President Nazarbayev spoke in Almaty with a festive speech, that without unity and stability, a political crisis similar to the Ukrainian one would be expected.
Before the nationwide protests scheduled for May 21, the authorities did allow permissions in any city, and law enforcement agencies began arresting suspects in organizing and inciting unauthorized rallies.
As of May 20, more than a dozen people received sentences of 10 to 15 days of administrative arrest for violating the law on peaceful assembly.
In the early morning of May 20, popular social networks like VKontakte, Facebook, Twitter, and instant messengers such as WhatsApp, Viber, as well as YouTube were inaccessible throughout Kazakhstan.
Most of the Kazakh media since the beginning of the protests did not cover the events, only after a while, asparse information was given.
On April 29, a coverage was shown on the First Channel, which stated that the organizers of the protests received monetary rewards in the amount of 50 to 150 dollars from foreign nations to each person who came to the rally.
After the broadcasts, social networks immediately responded, pointing to a weak evidence base of stories and the propaganda nature of the programs.
Sergi played four years of college soccer at the Xavier between 2015 and 2019, where he made 67 appearances, scored 29 goals and tallied 5 assists.
On January 16, 2020 he signed with New Mexico United of the USL Championship, after finishing his college soccer career with Xavier.
It was created by a development team led by Dom Hofmann as a successor to a now-defunct service that he co-founded, named Vine.
It was eventually shut down as a standalone platform by Twitter in early 2017, disallowing new videos to be uploaded, but maintaining the service with the ability for users to view previously uploaded content.
Vine co-founder Dom Hoffman announced in the December of 2017 via a Tweet that he intended to launch a successor to Vine.
Byte allows users to publish videos from 2 up to 6.5 seconds long either captured through the app or previously recorded and stored on their devices.
The app also features a search screen with tiles for popular and latest content along with video categories like Comedy, Animation and others.
At the national level, she is a two-time Latvian women's champion (2016, 2019) and six-time junior champion (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019).
The 1996 Country Music Association Awards, 30th Ceremony, was held on October 2, 1996 at the Grand Ole Opry House, Nashville, Tennessee, and was hosted by CMA Award Winner, Vince Gill.
After studying at theater set design and drawing in Belgium, and immigrating to Palestine in 1934, Lurie obtained work by painting and exhibiting her art in Tel Aviv.
During the German occupation of Lithuania in 1941, she was residing with family in Kovno, and was deported to the Kovno ghetto.
While imprisoned at the Kovno ghetto, and later the Stutthof and Leibitz concentration camps, Lurie continued to paint and draw art, both under the surveillance of the Germans and clandestinely.
Her sketches and watercolors documenting the Holocaust also served as part of the testimony in the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann.
She studied at the Ezra Gymnasium in Riga, a Hebrew day school, and developed her artistic talent from the age of fifteen.
She continued refining her talents by studying theater set design at the Institut des Arts Décoratifs (later known as La Cambre) and drawing at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Belgium from 1931 to 1934.
There, she painted backdrops for the Adloyada parade, the Levant Fair, and the Hebrew Theater in Tel Aviv, in addition to drawing.
After returning to Belgium to continue her studies, she moved to Kovno to help her sister Mouta and Mouta's son Reuben.
She held several art exhibitions in Kovno prior to the German invasion of Lithuania in June 1941, including an exhibition by the Royal Opera House in 1940, where many of her works were bought by local Jewish institutions and the Kovno State Museum.
She formed a collective of artists to work to that end, whose members included Josef Schlesinger, Jacob Lifschitz, and Ben Zion Schmidt.
After receiving special permission to draw in the pottery workshop, Lurie asked Jewish potters to prepare ceramic jars that she could use to secure her artwork.
She eventually used the jars to bury more than 200 works of clandestinely drawn art under her sister's house in 1943.
When the ghetto was liquidated in July 1944, she was deported to the Stutthof concentration camp and then to the Leibitz camp, where she continued her work documenting life within ghettos.
The sketchbook, published by the Jewish Soldiers' Club of Rome, collected reconstructions of the works she drew at the Leibitz concentration camp.
Although she was not required to testify in the trial herself, her sketches and watercolors documenting the Holocaust were approved by the Supreme Court of Israel for their documentary value and served as part of the testimony.
Lurie donated much of her work from the time of the Holocaust, which can found in the collections of the Ghetto Fighters' House and Yad Vashem in Israel, both memorials to the Holocaust.
Joseph Vance was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 19th Century and the first decades of the 20th.
John Arnold Bateman (born 1957 in London) is a British linguist and semiotician known for his research on natural language generation and multimodality.
He has worked at Kyoto University, at the USC Information Sciences Institute, at the German National Research Center for Information Technology, at Saarland University, and at the University of Stirling.
The main frontage, facing east, is 19th century, while the adjacent block, facing south, is 18th century and is a Grade II listed building.
The scheme was procured under a private finance initiative contract in 1997 and was implemented by converting a large traditional property (previously used as the headmaster's house for Richmond School) into a community hospital; it was officially opened in 1999.
Concerns were raised in the local newspaper over the future of the hospital in October 2018 after staff at the GP's surgery within the hospital were told that their lease would not be renewed.
The iconography of Indian Vase consists of friezes of Native Americans from the period prior to the pacification of Native Americans and their assignments to reservations and dependency on the Federal government.
The figures are clearly Indians of the Plains Indians rendered utilizing classicizing approaches and in marble, thus indicating the classicism and neoclassicism (that in this work shades into Romanticism) that Van Wart was exposed to in his extensive travels throughout Europe.
Van Wart uses a classical jug, an Amphora for his scenes and sculpts his figures in idealized poses evoking classical prototypes such as the Hellenistic Boy with Thorn and the historicizing friezes of the Roman imperial period as those upon Trajan’s Column.
The work is overtly sentimental about the disappeared lives of 'free' indians prior to the transformation of the New World into lands populated by Europeans.
Along with being exotic and romantic, Van Wart's focus on indians fit neatly with the depictions of indians in popular dime novels and the Wild West Shows that were extraordinarily popular in the US during the height of Native American pacification.
The complexity of the materials and the work's decorative complexity speaks to Van Wart's confidence that the object would sell and it was exhibited prominenly in NYC.
The representation is an aggregation of popular perceptions of Native Americans in stereotypical pursuits, collaring bison, using bows and arrows in hunts, carrying infants in papooses framed by teepees in low relief.
In the intermediate section between the friezes on the base and the free standing figures are hierarchically scaled heads of bison that suggest hunting trophies.
In an embodiment of the self-directed institutional critique the Metropolitan Museum of Art is undertaking, the web page describing the work is linked to an auxillary page offering native American perspectives on objects in the museum's permanant collection and this review criticizes the Indian Vase as a 'misunderstanding' of native American culture.
' (First Sounds of the Independence Anthem), also known as ' (Independence Anthem), is painting by Augusto Bracet.It was made in 1922.The artwork is of the genre historical painting, and is on the National Historical Museum of Brazil.
Bracet portrayed an event in the process of Brazilian independence, the composition of the Independence Anthem, whose official authorship is by Dom Pedro and Evaristo da Veiga.
The portrayal of Bracet is based on the memory of Francisco Canto de Mello, furthermore a excerpt from his writings was shown at the catalogue of the first public exhibit of the painting, as contextualisation for the painting.
The artwork of Bracet was shown publicly at the Exposition of Contemporary Art and Retrospective Art of the Independence Centenary, that begun on the .
The painting was selected in 1923, together with artworks by Georgina de Albuquerque, Helios Seelinger and Pedro Bruno, to be bought by the state art collection, the main prize of this fine arts event whose goal was acquiring artworks that alluded to the national formation of Brazil.
The selection was done by Flexa Ribeiro, Archimedes Memória and Rodolfo Chambelland, with their task being searching for new iconographic portrayals of historical interpretations of independence.
Contrarily to triumphalist portrayals of Dom Pedro in the independence process, such as by Pedro Américo, the painting by Bracet explores the emperor's intimacy, having him play a domestic and even feminine role.
He represented Germany at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's 100 metres breaststroke SB5 event in 2012.
His father Joseph, a sixth-grade teacher and chess adviser, encouraged Dean to watch chess games early in life and by the time he was 3, Dean started to play chess.
As a teenager, Ippolito was trained by professional coaches including Gregory Kaidanov, Grandmaster Giorgi Kacheishvili as well as Grandmaster and prolific chess writer Edmar Mednis, In 1988, when Ippolitto was only 10 years old, he won the U.S.
During his career, Ippolito has had numerous other scholastic chess accomplishments at the national level, including the Marshall Chess Club Championship (1997), Pressman All-America Team (1998) and Samford Chess Scholarship (1998).
Since then, he has trained many nationally ranked chess players and his teaching methods are widely recognized in the chess community.
In 2006, The New Jersey Chess Federation recognized Dean as Chess Teacher of the Year due to his ability to help all students from complete beginners to national champions.
In 2011, the Executive Board United States Chess Federation unanimously voted to award Dean the Frank J. Marshall Ambassador of Chess Award for his contributions to the chess world.
On April 2009, Dean Ippolito attempted to set a new record by playing simultaneously with 105 chess players with minimum established USCF or FIDE rating of 1000.
He finished with 84% of the games but his record was shadowed by the simul of another IM from Teheran, Iran, who played with 135 opponents in February, 2011.
The Toronean Gulf or Toroneos Gulf (), also known as the Kassandra Gulf (), is a gulf of the Thracian Sea, part of the northern Aegean Sea, in Chalkidiki, Greece.
He was instrumental in the creation of two awards for achievement in comic books, voted on by professionals, the Kirby Awards and the Eisner Awards.
The Kirby Award was created in reaction against the 1983 institution of the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards, which were voted on by fans; Olbrich (and the editors at Fantagraphics) wished to create an award voted on by comics professionals (meaning creators, retailers, and distribution personnel).
Olbrich came up with the idea of naming the new award after the pioneering writer and artist Jack Kirby, and managed the process.
The Jack Kirby Comics Industry Awards were first distributed at the 1985 San Diego Comic-Con, with Kirby himself on hand to congratulate the winners.
The awards lasted for three years, but in 1987 a dispute arose after Olbrich had left the magazine (to help found Malibu Comics); he and Fantagraphics each claimed ownership of the awards, eventually leading to the discontinuation of the Kirby Award.
A compromise was reached, and in 1988 two new awards were created: the Eisner Award, managed by Olbrich and named after Will Eisner; and the Fantagraphics-managed Harvey Award, named for Harvey Kurtzman.
The first Eisner Awards were distributed in 1988 at the San Diego Comic-Con, with Will Eisner himself on hand to congratulate the winners.
Malibu Comics was launched in 1986 by Olbrich and Tom Mason, with the financing of Scott Mitchell Rosenberg, at that time the operator of Sunrise Distributors.
Malibu began modestly with creator-owned black-and-white titles, but made a name for itself publishing a combination of new series and licensed properties such as the classic characters Tarzan and Sherlock Holmes, and popular TV, movie and video game tie-ins.
During that time, star creators Erik Larsen, Rob Liefeld, and Jim Valentino had dinner with Olbrich, who expressed interest in publishing comics created by them.
These and several other freelance artists doing popular work for Marvel Comics were growing frustrated with the company's work for hire policies and practices, which they felt did not sufficiently reward the talent that produced them, as the company heavily merchandised their artwork, and compensated them with modest royalties.
By early 1992 a group of eight creators, including Larsen, Liefeld, and Valentino, announced the founding of Image Comics; the initial titles were produced under the Image imprint, but published through Malibu, which provided administrative, production, distribution, and marketing support.
Within a few months, the Image titles' success led to Malibu having almost 10% of the North American comics market share, briefly exceeding that of industry giant DC Comics.
Nonetheless, the company's assets were still seen as attractive enough to garner interest from DC Comics in the spring of 1994, and the company was purchased by Marvel Comics on November 3, 1994.
He operated the Dogg Works Agency (with Gary Guzzo) from 2002 to 2005, at which point he left to co-found The Pack, a book packager at which he partnered with Brian Augustyn, Barbara Kesel, Lee Nordling, and Gordon Kent.
Since 2009 Olbrich has been an executive at Space Goat Productions, a talent management and production studio that provides art and creative services for companies like Marvel, DC, and Dark Horse.
In 2015, as Space Goat moved into publishing comics under its own name, Olbrich was promoted from Vice President to Senior VP, Publishing and Business Affairs.
Between the years 1962 and 1966 Baumann played three and a half seasons in a total of 65 games for Basel scoring a total of 6 goals.
28 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, seven in the Swiss Cup, seven in European competitions (European Cup Winners' Cup, Cup of the Alps, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup) and 23 were friendly games.
He scored two goals in the domestic league, one in the Swiss Cup and the other three were scored during the test games.
Two goals after half time, one by Heinz Blumer and the second from Otto Ludwig gave Basel a 2–0 victory and their third Cup win in their history.
Mohammed Balarabe Haladu (born 1944) was a retired Nigerian Army Lieutenant General who served as the Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy from 1993 to 1994.
Born in Kano, Haladu had his military training in Nigeria Military School, Zaria, Pakistan Military Academy and University College of Wales.
It features a collection of 8,000 indexed photographs dating back to the late 1880s, artifacts, and historical and genealogical resources from Pleasant Hill.
The museum is not funded by the city of Pleasant Hill; its primary fundraiser is Railroad Days, which takes place annually in April.
Hargeisa Stadium is a multi-sports staduim and is used mostly for football matches and currently serves as the home of Somaliland national football team.
Cacace made his professional debut on 25 February 2012, scoring a first-round technical knockout (TKO) victory over Ben Wager at the Emerald Roadhouse in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Followed three more wins—a points decision (PTS) over Kristian Laight in April; a sixth-round TKO over Mickey Coveney in July; and Aivaras Balsys by PTS in September—Cacace fought Mickey Coveney for a second time on 3 November 2012 at the National Basketball Arena in Dublin.
He gained decision victories over Zsolt Nagy in March and Osnel Charles in October of 2013, followed by wins over Dawid Knade by TKO in September and Simas Volosinas by PTS in December of 2014.
He began 2015 with a PTS win over Santiago Bustos in February and a TKO win against Karoly Lakatos in June.
Following two fights in 2016—a corner retirement (RTD) win against Jamie Quinn in September and a PTS win over Leonel Hernandez in November—Cacace challenged British super-featherweight champion Martin J Ward on 15 July 2017, at the Wembley Arena in London, with the vacant Commonwealth title also on the line.
Cacace suffered the first defeat of his professional career, losing by unanimous decision (UD) over twelve rounds, with the judges' scorecards reading 116–113, 116–114 and 115–113, all in favour of Ward.
After 14 months out of the ring, Cacace was back in action in February 2019 with an eight-round PTS win over Alan Castillo.
Cacace, as the mandatory contender, was due to challenge for the British super-featherweight title on 3 August 2019 against reigning champion Sam Bowen, however, Bowen pulled out of the fight due to a back injury.
Cacace won, capturing the British title via split decision (SD), with two judges scoring the bout 115–113 to Cacace while the third scored it 115–112 to Bowen.
The Ghetto of Mantua was the former enclosed Jewish quarter or ghetto in the city of Mantua, region of Lombardy, Italy.
The Jewish community in Mantua rose to prominence under the rule of the Gonzaga; documents date at least their presence to the 12th century.
By the start of the 17th-century, they putatively numbered over 2,000 individuals and accounted for nearly 7.5% of the population of Mantua.
The area comprised by streets now named Dottrina Cristiana, Pomponazzo, Calvi, Spagnoli and Giustiziati was enclosed by four gates that were closed from dusk to dawn.
The situation of Jews in Mantua worsened in 1629-1630 during the siege and subsequent sack of Mantua during the War of the Mantuan Succession; the city was afflicted with the plague, when after months of siege, in July 1630, Mantua was sacked for three days by mercenary Landsknecht troops led by Count Aldringen and Gallas fighting for Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
With deposition of Duke Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga by 1707 by the Hapsburg Emperor Joseph I, some civil liberties were granted to the Jews.
However, abolition of the Ghetto gates did not occur until the Napoleonic invasions in 1798, thus allowing Jews to live freely through the town.
The area of the Ghetto is no longer a predominantly Jewish neighborhood, and there are few structural and geographic details that recall the prior history.
Born in Stuttgart, after his studies Graulich worked as a teacher and church music director at the protestant Matthäuskirche in Stuttgart.
One of his main focuses was the Stuttgart Schütz Edition with works by Heinrich Schütz, which strongly meets practical performance needs.
General Glover Farm is a historic 1700s farmhouse on a 2.4 acre property on the Marblehead - Swampscott - Salem border.
Originally owned by a British Loyalist William Browne prior to the American Revolution, it was confiscated by the colonial Massachusetts government.
After the war General John Glover, who had lived at the Glover House in Marblehead, purchased the property and retired here after his military service.
It continued to be used as a farm, until it eventually became the Glover Inn with an addition built on the back of the 1700s house, and along with many of the surrounding outbuildings.
The Inn lasted until 1955, when in 1957 it opened as the General Glover House Restaurant by Anthony Athanas Various additions were added on to the main house, with the multiple dinning rooms and bars themed to a colonial inn.
Along with the historic original 1700s farmhouse, many of the other historic buildings remain intact on the property at 299 Salem Street.
He began working at Clark, Payne & Co., an oil refining firm, in 1863, which was later taken over by Standard Oil in 1870.
In Cleveland, his business endeavors included gaining partial ownership of a fleet of lake ships, becoming vice president of the Cleveland Stone Company, and serving on the Cleveland City Council for 13 years.
He formed the John Huntington Benevolent Trust in 1889, mostly based on his 500 shares of Standard Oil stock, which provided charity to more than 40 institutions and helped to establish the Cleveland Museum of Art.
Huntington owned a hobby farm on Lake Erie on which he built several structures, including a house, a water tower, and a steam pump irrigation system.
After his death in 1893, the Cleveland Metropolitan Park System purchased the lakefront property and named it Huntington Park in his honor.
Otto Ludwig (* 29 November 1934 ; † 17 August 2014 in Basel) was a German footballer who played for FC Basel during the late 1950s and early 60s.
He played his Nationalliga A debut on 31 August 1958 in the away game against La Chaux-de-Fonds that Basel lost 2–1.
Two goals after half time, one by Heinz Blumer and the second from Ludwig himself gave Basel a 2–0 victory and their third Cup win in the clubs history.
His FCB period ended on 9 June 1963 in the last championship game of that season against FC Sion with an 8-1.
Between the years 1955 to 1960 and 1961 to 1963 Ludwig played a total of 92 games for Basel scoring a total of 17 goals.
55 of these games were in the Swiss Serie A, 12 in the Swiss Cup, five in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and 20 were friendly games.
He scored 9 goal in the domestic league, one in the Swiss Cup, two in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and the other five were scored during the test games.
Despite winning the Cup title, in the summer of 1963 Ludwig then moved on to Schaffhausen who also played in the Nationalliga A.
He was a capable player, who became a real crowd favorite of his time, probably due to his rather small body size.
The episode, directed by Jerry Zaks from a story and teleplay by Lew Schneider, originally aired on CBS on November 11, 2002.
He initially gets along with the parents, but becomes flustered with the kid, who eats the last cannoli in the fridge that Ray originally wanted.
However, Debra is very committed to starting a new friend and doesn't want Ray's opinion towards Spencer to ruin it; she dismisses Ray's claims as nothing more than a hatred for kids, and tells him to suck it up.
When Ray and Debra tell Ally to play on the computer and Spencer, Geoffrey and Michael to play somewhere else, Spencer announces he'll jump on the beds.
When the family leaves, Lauren and Neil also notice Spencer being unable to follow his parents' order, and both Debra and Ray ultimately agree not to have the Williamsons back over.
For acting in the episode, Buford was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Comedy or Drama Series (Guest Starring Young Actor Age Ten or Younger).
The peninsula, as part of the Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat Karst, is notable for its rock art, dating to between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago.
The town of Sangkulirang lies at the base of the peninsula, and the northeastern Makassar Strait forms the Sangkulirang bay in its south.
The Barrie Advance is a weekly newspaper which was restarted in 1987 by the Metroland Media Group, originally published as the Northern Advance in 1847 and then as the Barrie Magnet in 1852.
Davies made this suggestion based on calico printing machines from England, with a tool that cuts the paper at a required size, to one of the visiting Hoe brothers at the Globe pressroom.
The first newspaper north of Toronto was published August 6, 1847, though because it was truly a time of pioneer printing it was actually a week later due to a delay in being able to print the second side of the paper.
Davies was accompanied in this task by William R. Robertson, though Robertson would only stay with the paper for three months.
The northern terminus of this rail, the Huron & Simcoe Railway constructed in 1851, would lead to the creation of Collingwood.
The four-page paper contained the standard items found in papers of the day, editorials and readers’ letters on the second page, local news in the back.
There was a great demand for foreign news, despite it being weeks old on reaching Canada, by recent settlers wanting to know of their former homelands.
The paper historically served the communities of Adjala, Bradford, Bracebridge, Collingwood, East Gwillimbury, Essa, Gravenhurst, Innisfill, Oro, Tossorontio, Ivy, Mono Road, Keenansville, Hawkestone, Stroud, Anten Mills, Thornton, Midhurst, Utopia, Holly, Craighurst, Medonte and Barrie.
Samuel Wesley and Robert King stated their continued upholding of the Liberal Conservative tack of the paper and dedication as a family journal of literature, accurate reporting of farmers’ markets, and offering of legal documents from the offices.
Wesley is mentioned in articles about local baseball, William Boys’ Central Committee, the Sons of Temperance, and the 1897 Canadian Sessional Papers, speaking on the sleepiness of springtime Black Bass in Lake Simcoe.
Mr. King left the paper within a few years and has the distinction of being the longest-serving chief of police in Barrie, holding the post from 1888 to 1923.
Thompson was born in 1868, the son of previous owner Daniel, and ran the paper with Wesley until his retirement in the November 4th, 1909 issue.
The nearest settlements to Darbankhi are the city of Gudermes in the south-east, Ilinovskaya in the south-west, Vinogradnoye in the north-west, Chervlennaya-Uzolvaya in the north, and Braguny in the north-east.
In 1944, after the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was abolished, the village of Istisu-Khutor was renamed, and settled by people from the neighbouring republic of Dagestan and other regions.
In 1977, by a decree of the Presidium of the Armed Forces of the RSFSR, the village at the railway crossing of Braguny, was renamed from Istisu-Khutor and was given its modern name, Darbankhi.
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Darbankhi (1,080 or 51.4%) were ethnic Chechens, 1,005 (47,8%) were ethnic Kumyks, and 16 people (0,8%) did not specify.
The Østfold Workers' Sports Association (, often abbreviated to Østfold AIK), founded 23 October 1927, was a sporting association from Østfold in Norway.
Østfold AIK occasionally selected a combined football team to play international matches, such as 27 August 1937 when they played the Basque Country.
2nd of June 1879 and deceased on the 14th of October of 1957 in Andresy (Yvelines) near Paris, was a French painter, illustrator and engraver artist.
He was also from 1927 director of the art books at the book publisher Flammarion and teacher at the ABC art school in Paris from 1925 to 1957.
He died in October 1957 at the age of 78 and is buried in the new cemetery of Andrésy overlooking the river Seine.
Ying Shirley Meng () is a professor of the department of Nanoengineering and the Materials Science Program at University of California, San Diego and currently holds the Zable Endowed Chair Professor in Energy Technologies.
Her research group – Laboratory for Energy Storage and Conversion (LESC) – focuses on functional nano and micro-scale materials for energy storage and conversion.
The more recent programs include the design, synthesis, processing, and operando characterization of energy storage materials in advanced rechargeable batteries; new intercalation materials for sodium ion batteries; and advanced flow batteries for grids large scale storage.
She serves on the executive committee for battery division at the Electrochemical Society and she is the Editor-in-Chief for MRS Energy & Sustainability.
Her research considers the development of materials for energy storage and conversion; including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries, magnetic materials and third-generation solar cells.
Shirley became interested in science as a child, when she was given books about physics and chemistry by her father, who was a civil engineer.
She was a doctoral student in the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology's largest international research initiative.
She earned her doctoral degree in materials science under the supervision of Gerbrand Ceder in 2005, after which she joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a postdoctoral fellow.
Ion Neacșu played ten international matches for Romania's national team, making his debut in a friendly game which ended with a 0–2 loss against Sweden.
A megafire is an extraordinary fire triggering very large fires devastating a very large area, of the minimum order of to , without this designation corresponding to a very precise scientific definition.
Megafires are only 3% of the fires but are responsible for more than 50% of the burned surfaces on the planet.
Almost all (96%) of the most disastrous 500 megafires in the past decade have occurred during periods of unusual heat and/or drought.
They cause giant thunderstorms, lightly charged with rain but with a strong potential for lightning and by touching the ground, they create new fires.
The fusion of fires between them can create a mega-fire, as during the bushfires of 2019-2020 in Australia, where cases of many fires joining in a gigantic brazier were noted.
A megafire can be caused by various factors, such as high temperatures, drought, human pressure and the state of the forests.
By the end of the 19th century, Eastern Canada had essentially run out of marketable timber due to unsustainable logging techniques, land clearing for settlement and agriculture, and an increase in forest fires caused by settlement.
In 1899, the Minister of the Interior Clifford Sifton appointed Elihu Stewart as the Chief Inspector of Timber and Forestry for the Dominion of Canada.
Stewart's job was to protect undisturbed federal forests from unsustainable logging and settlement practices, and to revitalize lands that had already been deforested.
Before 1905, the Porcupine Hills were located entirely within the Northwest Territories in the District of Saskatchewan, which meant that the Porcupine Forest was under full federal control.
By 1901, a fire ranging service was established in Western Canada, and plans were made to determine which areas could be used for agriculture, and which areas would be left as forest.
Unlike the five eastern provinces and British Columbia, the three Prairie Provinces were not given control over their own natural resources.
So even though Saskatchewan owned the land beneath the forest, they could not build infrastructure or settlements, or cut any wood, without permission of the Federal Government.
In 1906, the Canadian Government passed the first Dominion Forest Reserves Act which officially established the Porcupine Forest Reserve as a National Forest.
Many of the first rangers were either Forestry Engineers from the University of New Brunswick, World War I veterans, or both.
By 1914, the new forest reserve was overseen by 11 Rangers, and 1 Ranger-in-Charge, and these rangers also oversaw the Pasquia Forest Reserve.
In 1930, the Saskatchewan Natural Resources Act was passed, which transferred control of Saskatchewan Forests (and other natural resources) from the Federal Government to the Saskatchewan Government.
née Park (1921–2017), 31st Moderator of the United Church of Canada from 1986 to 1988, was the first female lay person elected to that post.
Her time as Moderator was marked by controversy over the question of whether members of the LGTBQ community should be ordained.
During her time in office, Squire was the target of much vitriolic correspondance from church members who opposed the ongoing study on human sexuality and ministry.
The facility, which was created by converting an early 19th century neo-gothic style house into a hospital, opened as the Richmond Cottage Hospital in 1899.
After services were transferred to modern facilities at the Friary Community Hospital in 1999, the Victoria Hospital closed and the building was converted for use as a funeral director's offices.
The Nowhere Inn is an 2020 American drama film, directed by Bill Benz in his directorial debut, from a screenplay by Annie Clark and Carrie Brownstein.
In April 2019, it was announced Annie Clark and Carrie Brownstein had joined the cast of the film, with Bill Benz directing from a screenplay by Clark and Brownstein.
The organization is built on a network of individuals, businesses, and schools who either donate monitarily or volunteer to help plant trees around the world.
One Tree Planted works with other NGOs and governmental agencies including the United States Forest Service (USFS) and several State Forest Services and Regional Conservation Districts.
OTP has since expanded its activity via collaborations with other environmental groups in the US and globally, actively participating in various reforestation projects.
In January, 2020, the charity started to participate in reforestation of Australia following devastating bushfires in Queensland, New South Wales and other regions.
One Tree Planted's policy is based on 6 principles (or 6 pillars) of sustainable planet environment: Air, Water, Biodiversity, Social Impact, Health and Climate.
One Tree Planted is based out of Shelbourne, Vermont and operates across four regions: North America, Latin America, Africa and Asia.
One Tree Planted acts as an intermediary for tree planting by collecting donations from individuals, businesses and other organizations then allocating the funds to its reforestation partners for specific projects.
The partners (environmental NGOs, small conservation organizations, watershed groups and local governmental agencies) use the funds to plant trees in areas they are needed most.Part of the One Tree Planted strategy is to give businesses the opportunity to do more as part of their corporate social responsibility, and give back to the environment.
One Tree Planted has collaborated in reforestation efforts with organizations such as the United States Forest Service, U.S. State Forest and Conservation Districts GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Warner Music Group, DHL and more.
According to Timothy Wai Keung Chan, 'the Chinese riddle originates in far antiquity and reached its mature form around the Warring States Period (475-221 BCE)'.
However, few riddles are attested in ancient Chinese literature, possibly because Chinese scholarship viewed the form as inappropriate to highbrow literature.
Although character riddles are not attested until around the second century CE, other enigmatic writings are attested from as early as the Han dynasty, which began in 206 BCE.
Among its meanings is the state of Cao Wei; thus the text can be read as an enigma whose solution is that Cao Wei will overcome the Han Dynasty and take over its empire.
Reputedly the earliest surviving example of a character riddle is the 'Yellow Pongee Riddle', a famous text sometimes attributed to the second-century CE scholar Cai Yong, but at any rate thought to originate no later than the early fourth century.
In this tradition, the answer to the riddle is to be established through years of meditation, informed by Zen thought, as part of a process of seeking enlightenment.
To give a later Japanese example of the form by Hakuin Ekaku (1686-1769), 'two hands clap and there is a sound.
In the twentieth century, thousands of Chinese riddles and similar enigmas have been collected, capitalising on the large number of homophones in Chinese.
He was also bailiff, chamberlain, councillor, and sheriff of his native York, the first two positions held by his father Richard (died 1409).
It spans from a circumvailling Piazza Virgilliana street, fed from Piazza dei Filipinni by Via Virgilio, and stretching northwest towards Lago di Mezzo (part of Mincio River), from which it is separated by a wall and a span of the busy SS62 highway.
The park has a number of tree-lined trails, and commemorative statues, most prominent of which is a monument to Virgil with flanking fountains.
Prior to the Neapolitan occupation of Mantua, the region was a swampy inlet of the waters of Lago di Mezzo, and was occupied in part by the suppressed monastery of Sant'Agnese and an embankment on which was the church of Santa Maria dell'Argine.
In 1797, the occupying French general, Sextius Alexandre François de Miollis, filled in the swamp and entrusted Paolo Pozzo to design a park for ambulation with marble benches along rows of trees.
This Piazza Virgiliana was inaugurated on March 21, 1801, and displayed a bronze bust of the Ancient Roman poet atop a high column, placed near the site of the present monument.
With the return of Hapsburg rule in the 19th-century, the monument was disassembled in 1821, and the bust ended up in the Municipal building.
Further reconstruction was spurred by the economist and senator Giovanni Arrivabene, who by 1877, had established a committee to celebrate in Mantua the 1900th anniversary of the death of Virgil, who had been born in Mantua.
Ultimately in 1919 the amphitheater was demolished and the current Carrara marble monument designed by the architect Luca Beltrami was erected with a large bronze statue by Milanese sculptor Emilio Quadrelli.
The final cost exceeded one million lire, of which 400,000 lire had been collected by the Committee established fifty years earlier, and to which were added contributions from the municipality of Mantua and the Italian state.
It is located south-east of Tennant Creek.It has a population of 166 (2016 Census) and is on the country of the Alyawarr people.
The colleges involved would schedule one another at least once during the season with and the team with the best record would be declared the champion.
Brown, Columbia and Yale agreed to form the league after some of their intercollegiate game had already been played but counted all of the matches played that season for the inaugural championship.
After the first full season of play the league started holding a championship series at the end of the season for the two best teams.
The league eventually expended to include other future Ivy League schools like Harvard and Princeton then welcomed Dartmouth after Brown suspended its program in 1906.
In 2013, Urgenda filed a lawsuit against the state of the Netherlands – respectively also against the government – at the court of Den Haag, to force them to make more effective policies that reduce the amount of emissions, with the aim to protect the people of the Netherlands against the effects of climate change and pollution.
On 20 december 2019 Urgenda won the case against the Netherlands finally at the highest court, the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden.
In addition the single peaked at 26 in the United Kingdom, number 28 in Switzerland, number 29 in Scotland and number 30 in Germany.
The girls drives around in a van and goes to a cafe where they tear down the place, threatening people with guns.
Andrew Chesher (born 1948) is a British economist and the William Stanley Jevons Professor of Economics and Economic Measurement at University College London and Director of the ESRC Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (Cemmap) at the Institute for Fiscal Studies.
He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, Foreign Honorary Member of the American Economic Association, and Fellow of the British Academy where he chaired its Economics and Economic History Section from 2009 to 2012.
Additionally, Chesher was the President of the Royal Economic Society from 2016-2018 and from 2001 to 2005 he was Chair of the Economic and Social Research Council's Research Grants Board.
He belongs to the world's foremost econometricians and his research focuses on microeconometric theory, applications of complex econometric modeling, measurement error models and limited information models.
Chesher's work in econometric theory has lead to many crucial developments such as methods for measuring and detecting the heterogeneity in individual responses to changes in economic variables.
From 1971 to 1983 he lectured in Economics at the same university before becoming the Head of the Department of Economics at the University of Bristol in 1987.
He lectured in Econometrics at the University of Bristol until 1999 when he became a Professor of Economics at the University College London.
In 2000, Andrew Chesher founded the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice as a joint venture by University College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies.
Apart from his career in academia, Chesher has applied much of his theoretical work on real world problems such as highway conditions in Brazil and India which was crucial for developing the World Bank's Highway Design and Maintenance Models.
Moreover, his research and modeling of marriage, fertility and labour force participation in Malaysia aided the United Nations Development Program of Malaysia's population policy in the 1990's.
Bill K. Perrin (1938–2005) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Cyprus from 1988 until 1989.
He resigned for health reasons., Perrin was also the State Department’s deputy assistant secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian affairs, and at the Peace Corps he was director in Belize, director for the Eastern Caribbean and regional director for Africa and was the fourth President of the Inter-American Foundation.
She and her family moved to Simrishamn when she was five and they stayed there until her father, Johan Wilhelm Trotzig, died and her widowed mother, Christina Cecilia Trotzig, lead the family back to Malmo.
She gained her education at the Tegne- og Kunstindustriskolen for Kvinder, the Valand School of Fine Arts in Gotheborg and with Christian Krohg at the Académie Colarossi in Paris.
She realised that she preferred nature to people and she returned to Sweden she decided to move to the east of the country as she preferred the light and the rugged landscape.
When she died at her home in Simrishamn in 1949 she left instructions that her paintings should be sold in order that a charity could be established.
Libuše Dušková (; née Mehlová, born 27 January 1930) is a Czech linguist specializing in the fields of contrastive analysis of English grammar and functional syntax, member of the Prague Linguistic Circle and key representative of the Prague School of Linguistics.
Her research spans a broad spectrum of topics in English linguistics, namely the verb phrase, the noun phrase, simple and complex sentences, the grammar-text interface, and aspects of the theory of Functional Sentence Perspective viewed through the prism of Jan Firbas' approach.
Libuše Dušková’s keen interest in the study of languages, and English, specifically goes back to her secondary school years in Česká Třebová.
A top-notch Gymnasium student, with a wide range of hobbies including piano, which she seriously considered studying at the conservatoire after passing the final exams, she was persuaded by her sister Hana to take also private lessons of English, in addition to the foreign languages taught at the Gymnasium: German, Latin and French.
After leaving the grammar school, her day-to-day contact with English intensified, and in 1949 she enrolled at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University to study English in combination with Czech.
There, through lectures and seminars given by direct disciples of Vilém Mathesius—Josef Vachek, Ivan Poldauf, Zdeněk Vančura and Bohumil Trnka—she gained a solid knowledge of not only the English and Czech grammatical systems, but also the principles laid out by the Prague School of Linguistics.
She graduated in 1953, in an era when the Communist regime held a tight grip over the country’s economic and political system, destroying any chances for her to study English at the postgraduate level.
She managed to get a position as a lecturer of English at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, which set off a thirty-year-long intermezzo before her return in 1985 to the English Department of the Faculty of Arts.
Besides teaching English at the Academy’s language departments, she steadily and consistently explored the intricacies of English grammar, always considering them against Czech corpus data and from the structuralist and functionalist perspective.
Her publications since that period include not only research papers, but also English language coursebooks and practical English grammars, many of which are still popular and in use even today owing to their didactic excellence.
Consequently, it attempts to present language facts in a consistent theoretical framework which draws on domestic linguistic traditions (of English, general linguistic and Czech studies), as well as on English studies abroad.
In 1989, the fall of the oppressive regime in Czechoslovakia brought the much deserved recognition to Libuše Dušková for her academic achievements, first in 1990 by the Faculty of Arts granting her the title of Associate Professor (Docent) and the Czech Academy of Sciences the title of DrSc.
Libuše Dušková is the only Czech Anglicist whose work is referenced in A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, as well as in Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English.
She began playing goalball when she was 10 years old; just a year later she helped her province Shandong win a bronze medal at the National Para Games, at the age of 11.
Donations poured in after her story was publicized, and she has since gained 20/200 vision through a cataract surgery in Shanghai.
Like her national teammates Lin Shan, Wang Ruixue, and Ju Zhen, Fan started playing the sport under coach Wang Jinqin at the Weifang School of the Blind in Weifang, Shandong.
It originates from several short unnamed tributaries west of Chinnor and flows in a northwesterly direction until it flows into the River Thame on the northwestern edge of Thame.
Gaius Chibueze Ekuri (born 3 March 1988), better known as Gaius Chibueze, is a UK Base Nigeria, Author, cryptocurrency trader, and Entrepreneur.
Family with deep business roots, Gaius Chibueze hustled at the popular Abuja market where he and his brothers sold shoes, and where very recognized in the market.
Gaius Chibueze graduated from the University of Enugu in 2003. he was into songwriting and also a poet during his university days.
Gaius Chibueze also opened a Tech Platform known as ABiT Mobile Applications Limited; a tech company which comprises of 3 brands companies.
Tatcoin is a tradable token in the cryptocurrency market that would be used as the official transactional currency of the ABiTnetwork.
Michael D. Metelits, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, served as the American Ambassador to Cape Verde, having been sworn in on August 6, 1999.
A member of the Foreign Service since 1973, immediately prior to his appointment as Ambassador, he served as Director of the Office of Environmental Policy in the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs.
Metelits has also serve as Deputy Chief of Mission in Luanda, Angola; Political Chief in Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Deputy Chief of Mission in Maputo, Mozambique.
A writer for Filter Free Nigeria awarded the EP 4.3 stars out of 5, praising its sound curation, production, thematic style and lyrics.
He served as its secretary in 1823, and he signed declarations of Texas’ intention to comply with the Plan of Casa Mata.
During Stephen F. Austin’s early attempt to establish a colony in Texas, Saucedo urged discontented settlers to recognize Austin’s local authority.
After briefly acting as governor of Texas in the first part of 1824, he established the boundaries and regulations for the Stephen F. Austin Colony after August 1824 under the authority of the newly established state of Coahuila and Texas.
She also exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, MoMA, and the Whitney Museum of American Art.
The 1976 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States.
74 for Mike Harmon Racing; the truck was the lone Ram Trucks entrant in the race, though it used decals from a Chevrolet Impala.
Like her national teammates Lin Shan, Fan Feifei, and Ju Zhen, she started playing the sport under coach Wang Jinqin at the Weifang School of the Blind in Weifang, Shandong province.
On October 12, 2019, P.A.Works announced that they are producing a new original anime television series directed and written by Masakazu Hashimoto.
Yurie Oohigashi is designing the characters based on the original designs by Ahndongshik, with Shiho Takeuchi handling mechanical designs, and Evan Call composing the series' music.
The 1977 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit and categorized as 3 star event.
Preliminary results from the 2018 census were released to the public in December 2018 and final results in May 2019, from the National Statistical Office of Malawi website.
The 2018 Census asked a question on ethnicity for the first time and the five largest ethnic groups were Chewa (34.4%), Lomwe (18.9%), Yao (13.3%), Ngoni (10.4%), and Tumbuka (9.2%).
According to the 2018 Census, 77.3% of the population identified as being Christian, 13.8% as Muslim, 2.1% identified as having no religion, 1.1% as having traditional religions, and 5.6% had other religions.
Jesus Paid It All (also known as Fullness in Christ and I hear the Saviour say and Christ All and in All) is a traditional American hymn about the penal substitutionary atonement for sin by the death of Jesus.
The song lyrics were written in 1865 by Elvina M. Hall, a 47-year-old, widowed congregant, who was listening to a church sermon and prayer and penned the words on the back of a hymnal while sitting in a choir loft in at the Monument Methodist Episcopal Church in Baltimore, Maryland, and she gave the lyrics to her pastor, Rev.
Arielle Fernandez (born 31 October 1995) is an American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a defender for the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team.
The 1978 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit.
The block launched on April 20, 2019 and originally aired on Friday nights before later moving to Saturday nights in November.
The Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces (NLMARSOF, also simply referred to as MARSOF) is the special forces unit of the Marine Corps of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
It is one of the three principal units tasked with special operations in the Netherlands (the others being the Korps Commandotroepen (KCT) of the Royal Netherlands Army and the Brigade Speciale Beveiligingsopdrachten (BSB) of the Royal Marechaussee).
The unit can be deployed worldwide under any circumstance to conduct special operations, including counter-terrorism both overseas and domestically, with a maritime focus.
The unit was created in 2013 with the merger of the Unit Interventie Mariniers (UIM) and the Maritime Speciale Operations (MSO)-company.
Until 2008, the Dutch maritime SOF capability consisted of three distinct units: the Dutch Frogmen Platoon, the Mountain Leader Reconnaissance Troop, and the Unit Intervention Marines.
The Mountain Leader Reconnaissance Troop (ML Recce Troop), was established in 1990 and modeled after the Brigade Patrol Troop of the UK Royal Marines.
The Unit Intervention Marines (UIM), named Bijzondere Bijstandseenheid (Special Support Unit) until 2006, was formed on 22 February 1973, in response to a rising threat of terrorist attacks in both Europe and domestically.
In 2008, the Dutch Frogmen Platoon and the ML Recce Troop merged into the Maritime Special Operations Company (MSO-Coy) and were tasked with all amphibious operations for the Royal Netherlands Navy.
All new personnel for NLMARSOF is recruited from within the Netherlands Marine Corps ranks, there is no possibility for civilians or military personnel from other branches to join NLMARSOF.
After the MSOF-course, all recruits must complete the fourteen-week Nationale Interventie Opleiding (National Intervention Course), which focuses on domestic counter-terrorist scenarios.
Operators bound for C-Squadron will have to complete the Mountain Leader or the twelve-week Frogmen course to obtain operational status within C-Squadron.
M-Squadron was founded as the Bijzondere Bijstandseenheid (BBE, Special Support Unit) in 1972 and was the first dedicated counter-terrorism unit in the Netherlands.
Its establishment was deemed necessary after a rise of the terrorist threat level in Europe, such as the Munich Massacre, and domestically, such as the terrorist attacks committed by Moluccans.
Domestic operations conducted by M-Squadron take place under the command of the Dienst Speciale Interventies (DSI) of the Dutch National Police since 2006.
While the operational command resides with the DSI, M-Squadron continues to be an organisational unit of NLMARSOF and the Netherlands Marine Corps.
C-Squadron conducts operations outside of the Netherlands and consists of regular NLMARSOF-operators that have completed the MSOF- and NIO-training, and operators that have completed the additional Mountain Leader and/or Frogmen training.
The Unknown Singer (French: Le chanteur inconnu) is a 1931 French drama film directed by Viktor Tourjansky and starring Lucien Muratore, Simone Cerdan and Jim Gérald.
The 1979 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit.
Born in Jolanda di Savoia, Marchetti featured in the main draw of the 1976 Australian Open, where he lost his first round match in five sets to Teimuraz Kakulia.
It was in doubles that he had the most success, winning a title at Palermo in 1982 with Enzo Vattuone, then reaching his best ranking of 97 in the world the following year.
The 1980 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix circuit.
Until 1920, it was the only periodical in Russia designed for a wide range of readers and was intended for the command and political composition of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
The main objectives of the magazine: to clarify the policies and activities of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Soviet government on the military construction of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, methods of training and education of personnel, coverage of the theory and practice of the use of troops of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the use of military affairs for abroad.
The is an archaeological site containing late Heian to early Kamakura period kilns located in what is now part of the city of Tahara, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan.
This site is the ruin of a Sue ware pottery production site approximately four kilometers southeast of the modern city center of Tahara, in a hilly forest.
After World War II, many ruins of kilns have been discovered in the Atsumi Peninsula dating from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period, thus shedding light on the origins of several styles of pottery which until now have been uncertain.
Other important characters are its basal leaves that are reduced in length and the relatively short lower glumes of its spikelets.
This species has predominately been collected from sandstone-derived mountain slopes, but a few collections have also been made from sites with shale parent material.
It is a rare surviving example of a fortified temple/monastery from the Sengoku period and as such, the temple grounds have been designated as Historic Site of Japanin 2016.The temple is also known as the .
The temple was fortified in the manner of a flatland-style Japanese castle with a double concentric moat, high walls, and yagura-style towers in the corners, which were used as drum-towers or belfries.
In 1549, Honshō-ji has 115 samurai under its banners and was a major military force in the province, together with Shōman-ji (勝鬘寺) and Jōgū-ji (上宮寺).
However, the movement drew the ire of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who crushed it in a series of military campaigns culminating in the Battle of Azukizaka in 1564.
The temple fell into disrepair after that date, and was abandoned for a century, when it was revived by order of Shogun Tokugawa Ietsuna in 1663 as a temple to pray for the prosperity of the Tokugawa clan.
Many of the surviving buildings of the temple date from the Edo period and are protected as Aichi Prefectural Important Cultural properties.
Arthur Grace (born May 7, 1947) is an American photojournalist, documentary photographer, and author whose work spanning fifty years in photography is noted for its in-depth focus on Americana.
In the years since 1992, Grace led a successful career shooting advertising campaigns for motion pictures while further pursuing his documentary and personal projects.
In 1973, he was hired as a staff photographer working out of UPI's Europe, Africa, and Middle East headquarters in Brussels, where he covered elections in Northern Ireland and the Yom Kippur War in addition to the West African drought of the 1970s.
Among the stories he covered were the protests and violence in Boston following court-ordered busing and desegregation efforts in 1974 and 1975.
He also covered the Solidarity movement and martial law in Poland, the U.S. invasion of Grenada, Geraldine Ferraro's vice-presidential campaign, and the 1984 Summer Olympics.
In 1995, he moved to Los Angeles where he concentrated on advertising photography and shot campaigns for General Motors and PhRMA.
He also shot over 35 movie posters for such clients as Universal Studios, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Pictures, Miramax, Sony Pictures, and Warner Brothers.
During his career, he taught at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, the Maine Photography Workshops, and also guest lectured at the National Geographic Society and the International Center of Photography.
His most recent book focused singularly on the late Robin Williams, with whom Grace shared a decades-long friendship and working relationship.
In addition to his published work, Grace's photography has appeared in exhibits in Europe and the United States, including solo shows at the International Center of Photography in 1992 and the High Museum of Art in 2012.
His work is in the permanent collections at the J. Paul Getty Museum, the National Portrait Gallery, the International Center of Photography, the Minneapolis Institute of Art and the National Museum of American History, among others.
In 2006, he donated his color photojournalism archives to the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin.
As of 2001, Green Line had transported more than three hundred thousand clients over its first twenty-two years, and had expanded to Naples, Venice, Pompei, Florence, Assisi, and Sorrento.
Tours by bus include commentary from the company’s tour guides in multiple languages concerning points of historical and cultural interest en route.
In addition to sailing generally as a transport, she made one voyage to Bengal sailing there under a license from the British East India Company (EIC).
The 1981 Maui Pro Tennis Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix circuit.
Hüseyin Altıntaş (born 11 September 1994) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Süper Lig club Denizlispor.
Morgan le Fay is an 1864 oil-on-wood painting by British Pre-Raphaelite painter Frederick Sandys which portrays the Arthurian witch, and King Arthur's protector, Morgan le Fay.
Le Fay is modeled by Sandys mistress Keomi Gray, and the painting is held at the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery in Birmingham, England.
Between 2002-2005, he served in Nassau, The Bahamas, much of the time he served as Chargé d'affaires or Chief of Mission.
He was one of two State Department staffers to work with Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Masters in Public Policy program.
Born in Munich, Krumrey grew up in the nearby Bavarian town of Prien am Chiemsee and started competing professionally in 1987.
Krumey made his ATP Tour main draw debut at the 1991 Kremlin Cup and had his best performance at the 1992 Prague Open, reaching the second round.
His best performance on the ATP Tour came at the Swiss Open in 1992, where he beat Andrei Medvedev to make the second round.
The 1982 Wailea Pro Tennis Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix circuit.
From a rural background, she took part in the Jiangsu Provincial Para Games in 1999, winning bronze medals in discus throw, shot put, and javelin throw.
She is vice president for research at Iowa State University, where she is also a professor of statistics and the former director of the Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology.
After earning a master's degree in botany at North Carolina State University in 1983, she switched to Iowa State University for graduate study in statistics, earning a second master's degree in 1987 and completing her Ph.D. in 1990.
She served as director of the Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology from 1992 to 2004 and 2007 to 2010, and became affiliated with the graduate programs in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in 1994 and in Human Computer Interaction in 2004.
In 2018 she also won the silver medal in the light heavyweight event at the 2018 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships.
1460 – 1526) was a Ming official who, as Administration Commissioner (governor) of Guangdong, was an early advocate of trade openness during the reign of Emperor Zhengde.
He returned to Guangdong as Assistant Administration Commissioner in 1506, and after a period of disgrace and punishment in Beijing, once again in 1514.
In contrast to the occasionally more liberal stance under the Yuan dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor at the start of the Ming dynasty had imposed all foreign trade to be channeled through the highly formalized tributary system, implying a prohibition of private foreign trade even though this could probably never be universally enforced.
Wu Tingju's tenure as Administration Commissioner coincided with the first incursions of Portuguese navigators into the Pearl River Delta, by Jorge Álvares in 1513, Rafael Perestrello in 1516, and the diplomatic mission of Tomé Pires and Fernão Pires de Andrade in 1517.
Following the death of the Zhengde Emperor in April 1521, the Jiajing Emperor in 1525 banned all navigation close to the coast of China, other than small fishing vessels, effectively ending legal private foreign trade for several decades.
Line 10 of Suzhou Rail Transit (Chinese: 苏州轨道交通10号线) is a planned north-south line that runs through Xiangcheng District, Gusu District, Wuzhong District, and Wujiang District.
'Somaliland Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture' (SCoCIA) is an independent entity owned by the business community of Somaliland it is in charge of to forge new bonds of commercial cooperation and opportunities between Somaliland and the rest of the world.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1988, a master's degree in 1995, and a doctor's degree in 2003, all from Jiangnan University.
After graduation, he taught at the university, where he was promoted to associate professor in 2003 and to full professor in 2006.
The song is composed by Rohan Heath and the vocals vocals were by Diane Charlemagne, who also provided the vocal for the band's three previous hit singles.
The single reached number number 18 in Scotland, number 24 in Belgium, number 27 in the Netherlands, number 30 in Ireland and number 31 in the United Kingdom.
José Manuel Fontán Mondragón (born 11 February 2000) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Celta de Vigo B as either a left back or a central defender.
Born in Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Galicia, Fontán joined RC Celta de Vigo's youth setup in 2011, after representing Arosa SC and UD San Miguel de Deiro.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 14 October 2018, coming on as a late substitute for Diego Alende in a 0–3 Segunda División B away loss against Atlético Madrid B.
Fontán made his professional debut for Celta on 23 January 2020, staritng in a 1-2 loss at CD Mirandés, for the season's Copa del Rey.
It is one of several volcanoes in the Tuya volcanic field and is adjacent to West Vent, Volcano Vent and Grizzly Butte which comprise the West Tuya lava field.
In an interview on a Providence, Rhode Island television station Kepnes noted that she set the novel in Providence because she was familiar with the area, having been a student there.
The 1983 Seiko Super Tennis Wailea, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix circuit.
Frank C. Urbancic, Jr. (1951 - May 17, 2016) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador to Cyprus and Chargé d’Affaires, a.i., and Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Kuwait from 2002-2004.
He was Consul General in Istanbul, Turkey and was responsible for administering a multimillion dollar assistance package after a devastating earthquake in 1999.
Beatrice Mompremier (born August 8, 1996) is an American women's basketball player with the Miami Hurricanes of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
During the 2018-19 season, Mompremier was a named an honorable mention All-American by the Associated Press as well as a first-team All-ACC selection.
The team finished with a 22–10 (10–8) record, was Big East tournament champions, and advanced to second round of the NCAA tournament.
Two years later, McMath ran for State Senate, defeating State Representative Reid Falconer in the runoff election with 56% of the vote.
With that kind of coverage, they have managed to garner over 150,000 views per month with most coming from outside of Africa.
Since 2016 the editorial team has participated in various events such as RUSH Esports, ICON, rAge Expo and Comic-Con Africa, offering full coverage.
In 2018 they launched an annual event, The Gaming Forum, which brings together local and some international speakers and gaming enthusiasts, various partners such as Easy Equities Cougar Gaming, MSI, NAG and many others to provide support in creating the space for open dialogue on important topics which include the local gaming community.
Kaila Charles (born March 23, 1998) is an American women's basketball player with the Maryland Terrapins of the Big Ten Conference.
Following the 2018-19 season, Charles was named Third-Team All-American by the USBWA and an honorable mention All-American by the Associated Press.
Her mother, Ruperta Charles, competed in the 100 metres dash at the 1984 Summer Olympics on behalf of Antigua and Barbuda.
The 1984 Seiko Super Tennis Hawaii, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an indoor carpet courts at the Blaisdell Arena in Honolulu, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix circuit.
Unseeded Marty Davis won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money as well as 100 Grand Prix ranking points which elevated his ATP ranking from 80th to the mid-50s.
Yellow pages lists one of its business addresses at the same address as that of the ArtScroll business founded by Ira Zlotowitz's late father.
Unlike those who need funding to invest in real estate, this business is about enabling returns on funds that, through his business, is channeled by real estate investors.
They competed from 1914 to 1920 as Grafton Athletic, as Fire Brigade in 1921-22, again as Grafton from 1926-28 and as Kingsland Athletic following a merger from 1929 to 1930.
Its first president was Mr. J. Endean and international Karl Ifwersen was on its committee as well as being its star player in its early years.
Like many of the clubs at the time they did not have their own ground per se and played the majority of their matches at Victoria Park with some at the Auckland Domain before the creation of Carlaw Park as the head quarters of Auckland Rugby League.
They didn’t fair any better under their new name and finished last with a 1 win and 7 loss record in 1921 and again came last in 1922.
In 1927 Grafton came last in the senior A grade and lost a promotion-relegation match with Ellerslie forcing them into the senior B division for the 1928 season.
They won the B division in 1928 but lost the promotion-relegation with Ellerslie again and were consigned to another year in the lower division.
In 1929 and 1930 the Kingsland Athletic team had mediocre season in the senior A grade winning 4 matches, drawing 1 and losing 8 in each season.
Auckland Rugby League was concerned about the quality of the play overall in the A division and tried to reduce the number of teams.
Kingsland was going to be removed from the grade and as a result they asked for permission to join Marist and so ended Grafton/Kingsland.
Chris Lafferty (born May 28, 1977) is an American professional stock car racing driver, crew chief, and former team owner of Lafferty Motorsports.
In addition to competing in the ARCA Re/Max Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, the team ran a driver development program; members of the program included regional truck racer Russ Dugger, dirt track racing drivers Tyler Hudson and Cole Exum, and kart racers Bryan Hayberger and Andrew Broucher.
Lafferty made his Truck Series debut in 2009 at Phoenix International Raceway; he had failed to qualify in his first attempt at Martinsville Speedway.
In 2011, he ran four Truck races in a truck promoting the Tea Party movement in the buildup to the 2012 United States presidential election.
Devi is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language short film directed by debutant Priyanka Banerjee and produced by Niranjan Iyengar and Ryan Ivan Stephen under their banner Electric Apples Entertainment.
The film stars Kajol, Shruti Haasan, Neha Dhupia, Neena Kulkarni, Mukta Barve, Shivani Raghuvanshi, Yashaswini Dayama, Sandhya Mhatre and Rama Joshi.
Marking the digital debut of both, Kajol and Shruti Haasan, Devi revolves around nine women and their stories of pain, struggle and abuse they endured throughout their life.
Jacqueline Mitelman was born Jacqueline MacGreggor in Scotland in 1948, and has since lived in Melbourne and in France for a few years.
She studied for a Diploma of Art and Design at Prahran College of Advanced Education 1973-76, where her lecturers were Athol Shmith, Paul Cox, and John Cato.
After graduation, Mitelman practiced as a freelance photographer specialising in portraiture for magazines and newspapers, album and book covers, and for theatre and music posters.
During her career she has sought out Australia's significant writers, artists and personalities for her subjects, thus creating a valuable pantheon of the country's culture.
The National Portrait Gallery holds twenty of her photographs including those of Dorothy Hewett, Helen Garner, Judith Wright, Jack Hibberd, Peter Carey, Michael Leunig, Christina Stead, Brett Whiteley, Germaine Greer, Ruby Hunter, Murray Bail, Alan Marshall, Kylie Tennant, Susan Ryan, Ita Buttrose and Max Dupain.
They had at least three children together that lived to adulthood, Agnes, Asenath, and Ella, and two that died as infants, Benoni and Ada.
Hall then shared the lyrics with her pastor who connected her with the church organist, John Grape (1835-1915), who had recently shared a new tune he had written.
Elvina Hall died in Ocean Grove, New Jersey on July 18, 1889, and her funeral was held at the Strawbridge Methodist Church, and she was buried in the Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore.
The 1934 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1934 college football season.
The team compiled a 3–4–2 record, being outscored by their opponents 89–148, while going undefeated at home, registering two wins and two ties in Durham.
The game against Saint Anselm was the third-ever meeting between the two programs; their prior games had been in 1894 (won by Saint Anselm) and in 1898 (won by New Hampshire).
New Hampshire's field goal in the Harvard game was the only time the Wildcats scored against the Crimson in seven games played from 1929 to 1939, as Harvard outscored New Hampshire by a total of 282–3 in those contests.
Helen Louise Leake (born 15 December 1949) is an Australian film producer, who was CEO of the South Australian Film Corporation from 2004 to 2007.
From 2004 to 2007, Leake served as CEO of the South Australian Film Corporation, having served on the corporation's board since 2001.
At the 2020 Australia Day Honours, Leake was made a Member of the Order of Australia for significant service to film, and to professional organisations.
This is a list of television broadcasters from around the world which provide coverage of both World Rugby men's and women's Sevens Series competitions.
All matches in all circuits are streamed through all social medias platform and official website of World Rugby in the unsold markets with highlights available in all territories.
Joshi was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, for his services in the field of literature and education in 2020.
Josephine Jue (born 1946) is a Chinese-American computer programmer and mathematician who is best known for being the first Asian-American woman working in NASA, where she worked for 37 years.
The skyscraper is the first in Dhaka to undergo a wind tunnel test, boasts a design by local firm EK Architects.
Quinlan began racing go-karts at age 5, and then raced in the ARCA/CRA Super Series, and his successes racing in that series earned him a part-time ride in the K&N Pro Series East with the new Rette Jones Racing No.
His first race was at Columbus Motor Speedway, where he surprisingly finished second in his and the team's debut in the series.
For his second ARCA start, Quinlan returned to the same race and team the following year, where he picked up an impressive third place finish.
Richard Wood Boehm (1926 Queens, New York City - November 28, 2011 Bethesda, Maryland) was a Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the American Ambassador to Cyprus (1984 to 1987) and Oman (1989-1992)., , When he was nominated to be Ambassador to Oman, Boehm was a diplomat-in-residence and visiting professor at Howard University.
Married while a senior in college, Boehm and his wife settled in Levittown, New York and he went to work at Prentice Hall as a proofreader.
Vajpayee Arogyasri Yojana is the flagship health insurance scheme of Government of Karnataka, which aims to help people living Below Poverty Line (BPL) to provide medical facilities.
The World Bank is funding 80 per cent of the project and the state government is funding the rest 20 per cent.
The scheme covers free treatment for 402 procedures including cardiovascular disease, treatment of cancer, burn, and neonatal diseases in tertiary care hospitals.
The government directly pays to the treating hospital providing cashless treatment to the patient up to a limit of INR 1.5 lakh to the family on floating basis with an additional buffer of INR 50,000 on case-to-case basis.
The scheme all the pre exciting disease form Day 1 and aims to settle the claim within 21 days of receiving the claims from the network hospital.
He was the top scorer in the tournament with 17 goals, and he scored 6 goals in the final against Lithuania.
The Congress is composed of 500 delegates: 38% from Israel (199 seats), 29% from the United States (152 seats), and 33% from the rest of the Jewish diaspora (173 seats).
While Israeli representation in the Congress is determined in accordance with the size of the Zionist parties in the Knesset, representation of the U.S. Zionist delegation is determined through elections, which are being held from January 21, 2020 to March 11, 2020 under the supervision of the American Zionist Movement (AZM).
The Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV; ) is an institute administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences on virology and is located in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
This has been speculated to be a source for the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.. No scientific evidence have shown any link and this was widely considered a conspiracy theory .
The County Governor of Vestland is a position that was established on 1 January 2019 in preparation for the creation of the new Vestland county which was established on 1 January 2020 when the old Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane counties were merged.
The County Governor of Vestland is based at Leikanger, but will also have smaller annex offices located in Bergen and Førde.
Secondly, the county governor also monitors the activities of the municipalities and is the appeal body for many types of municipal decisions.
He was awarded with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, for his services in the field of the arts.
A Zekelman Industries subsidiary, Wheatland Tube, donated $1.75mm to the America First Action super-PAC to elect Donald Trump, a financial maneuver considered questionable for a foreign citizen.
Chen Wenxing (; born December 1964) is a Chinese textile engineer currently serving as president and deputy party chief of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University.
He earned a bachelor's degree in silk making in 1987, a master's degree in silk engineering in 1987, and a Doctor of Science degree in 1999, all from Zhejiang Sci-Tech University.
In August 1992, he went to Shinshu University to study at the expense of international students prizes offered by Yue-Kong Pao and Doreen Pao.
In September 2010 he was appointed vice-president of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, six years later, he was promoted to the president position.
Some of the animals find themselves in conflict -- a dog's tuba playing disturbs a pig's toupee, and a goat spanks another pig with his violin bow.
Mickey creates music by pulling the tails of baby pigs, and a horse plays drums on the rear end of a cow.
At the end of the short, Mickey -- tired of being hassled by a cow's tail -- ties the tail to a bucket of water, and the cow upends the bucket on Mickey's head.
This is the first cartoon to include a horse and a cow that will soon evolve into Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow, two members of Mickey's early supporting cast.
It has been noted that this cartoon is an early example of the cinematic cliche of a conductor tapping his baton on the music stand to indicate to the orchestra that the song is about to begin, an action which never happens in actual concert performing.
In the former, a cow flautist has her udders dangling into the foreground, forming an obstacle as Mickey tries to lead his rustic orchestra, while another cow's rear becomes an instrument for the drummer.
Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (CMSP) is a Brazilian mixed economy company, based in São Paulo, which most of its investments belong to the Government of the State of São Paulo.
Founded by the Prefecture of São Paulo on 24 April 1968, the company is responsible for the development, project, construction and operation of the metropolitan transport system in the Greater São Paulo, specially the capital metro.
Having most of its share control associated to the state government, it's subordinated to the Secretariat of Metropolitan Transports of the State of São Paulo.
Ren Fazheng (; born August 1962) is a Chinese engineer who is a professor and doctoral supervisor at China Agricultural University.
He studied acupuncture and has worked as a medical provider in a hospital in his hometown of Dalian, Liaoning province, following his retirement.
Miloš N. Đurić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Н. Ђурић), was a Serbian classical philologist, hellenist, classical translator, philosopher, university professor and full member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
According to dr. Ksenija Maricki Gađanski, Đurić's numerous contributions to Serbian culture puts him on the scale of earlier Serbian enlighteners such as Saint Sava and Dositej Obradović.
Born to a family of 8, his father Nikola was a teacher and writer who introduced his eldest son Miloš to Serbian epic poetry, which will be of influence on his future career.
Đurić graduated at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy and defended his PhD thesis at the University of Zagreb in 1929.
He went on to work as a university professor of history of Ancient Greek literature, a post which he held for four dacades.
During the 1952-1527 Đurić served as the president of Serbian Literary Guild, chief editor of several academic journals as well as contributer to a total of 96 journals and magazines.
Belgrade Psychoanalytical Society made him a full member and he translated some of the most influential works of psychoanalytical literature to Serbian language.
Professor Đurić refused to sign the paper on the notion that more than half of his students are a part of the Yugoslav Partisans.
Đurić was awarded the October Award of the city of Belgrade, the Seventh July Award, Order of Saint Sava and Yugoslav Order of Labour.
It was originally opened by Marvin Gray in 1969 as a Latin club, but soon rock and soul acts were booked for the club.
He intended the Honka Monka to be a Latin club after producing Latin shows in nearby theaters, but the audience who came were unfamiliar with Latin dances so he switched booked rock bands instead.
Returning to his first love of Latin music, Gray imposed a Latin policy which from Friday through Sunday, Latin bands only performed.
Mary Ware is an American politician and businesswoman currently serving as a member of the Kansas Senate representing the 25th Senate District in Wichita, Kansas.
She was elected to the Senate in December 2018 by Democratic Party precinct committee members to succeed Democrat Lynn Rogers, who stepped down to become lieutenant governor of Kansas.
Ren Hongqiang (; born May 1964) is a Chinese environmentalist currently serving as dean of the School of the Environment of Nanjing University.
He earned his master's degree in thermal power from North China Electric Power University in 1997 and his doctor's degree in fermentation engineering from Jiangnan University in 2000, respectively.
The Innovation High School is a four-year public high school in Jersey City in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, operated as part of the Jersey City Public Schools.
It is one of a number of high school programs serving students in ninth through twelfth grades offered by the school district.
As of the 2017-18 school year, the school had an enrollment of 319 students and 2.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 159.5:1.
The free standing bell tower is the only surviving part of Evesham Abbey, which was founded by Saint Egwin between 700 and 710 AD.
In 1513, Clement Lichfield built the St Clement chantry of in All Saints Church, Evesham and in 1514, he became Abbott of Evesham Abbey.
Records show in 1204, the Abbey's central tower collapsed and again in 1264, so this may have been part of the decision to build a free standing bell tower instead, as at Chichester Cathedral.
It is unknown when the tower was completed, but it was certainly finished by 1539 when Evesham Abbey was surrendered as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Over the next few years, the Abbey, which was known to be one of the richest monasteries in England, was dismantled completely, apart from, curiously, the then new bell tower.
In 1664, the four bells from the neighbouring churches of All Saints and St Lawrence were recast and added to the two bells already in the Bell Tower, giving a peal of six bells.
In 1741, Abel Rudhall recast five of the six bells, keeping the largest bell from 1631, and casting two new bells to augment them to eight bells.
The resulting ring was still considered to be poor compared to many rings being turned out by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough during the time, so in 1951, the present ring of bells was created by recasting all ten bells at Taylor's foundry in Loughborough and augmenting them to twelve.
Two semitone bells were cast later by Taylor's, one in 1976 and one in 1992, which enables a light ring of ten bells to be rung without using the three heaviest bells.
Julia Delaney (born 8 February 1934 in County Wexford) is an Irish politician who was a member of the House of Keys from 1986 to 1991.
His photographs mainly recorded ships, crews and maritime activity on Puget Sound and the ports of Seattle, Tacoma and Port Blakely.
Hester was able to establish a commercial business selling these photographs, often to the crews of the ships that he photographed.
He had successful mining claims at Anvil Creek and Snow Creek in Alaska, during the Nome gold rush which—in addition to other business ventures—earned him a tidy profit.
He returned to the Puget Sound area in 1899 to resume his photographic business there, but appears to have visited Alaska again in 1900.
The Wilhelm Hester Photographs Collection of the University of Washington Library consists of 1213 of his photographic prints and 85 glass plate negatives.
The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park has 837 items in its collection, mostly 8 x 10 inch glass gelatin dry plates.
The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco also have some of his photographs in their collections.
He was blinded by a doctor's steroid eyedrops which damaged his cornea when he was in the third year of junior high.
Although his family won the medical malpractice lawsuit, it did not receive any compensation because the doctor did not have money.
He played for the New York Jets from 1984 to 1986 and in 1987 and for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1986.
Among his best known portraits were those of Queen Christina, the painter, Lluís Rigalt, which is on display at the Acadèmia de Sant Jordi de Barcelona, and King Alfonso XII, which was at the Museo del Prado until 1915, when it was destroyed in a fire.
Rupiamma was a Great Satrap in India during the 2nd century CE, who is known from an inscription found at Pauni in Central India, south of the Narmada river.
This memorial pillar is thought to mark the southern extent of the conquests of the Western Satraps, much beyond the traditionally held boundary of the Narmada River.
There are no coins of Rupiamma known, but coins belonging to the Western Satraps (Rudrasimha) were also discovered in the ruins of Buddhist stupas at Pauni.
A few dozen donative inscriptions in the Brahmi script have been found at the site of Pauni, in a style similar to the inscriptions of Bharhut and Sanchi.
If Rupiamma belonged to the Kushan hierarchy, this would suggest that Kushan control extended this far south, beyond the generally accepted southern boudary formed by the Narmada river.
According to the recently discovered Rabatak inscription, Kushan dominions expanded into the heartland of northern India in the early 2nd century CE.
Lines 4 to 7 of the inscription describe the cities which were under the rule of Kanishka, among which six names are identifiable: Ujjain, Kundina, Saketa, Kausambi, Pataliputra, and Champa (although the text is not clear whether Champa was a possession of Kanishka or just beyond it).
Even without the benefits of a formal education, he developed his distinctive style by applying bold colors, aggressive lines, and forms of semi-abstraction.
Martinez used various material on paintings, including spray paint, oil, enamel, and sometimes a collection of different subjects – unique and full of energy.
Martinez's creation of painting can be described as rapid - using spray paints to make sketches, and adding lines, boxes, and colors.
Martinez has received international recognition due to his brilliant use of line and manipulation of color in both his paintings and sculptures.
Two of the largest works by the artist are displayed, which were inspired by the architecture and atmosphere of the museum.
William Sweet (born April 29, 1997) is an American football offensive tackle for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL).
After going undrafted in the 2019 NFL Draft Sweet was signed by the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL).
Rhyne Howard (born April 29, 2000) is an American college women's basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
In her senior year of high school in Tennessee, she was named 2018 Tennessee Gatorade Player of the Year and Tennessee Miss Basketball.
Linda Tracey Brandon is an American representational painter who paints portraits and the human figure in addition to creating works in other genres, such as still life and landscape.
Brandon was born in Michigan in 1955 and is a graduate of the University of Michigan and New York University School of Law.
Brandon later worked as a radio news reporter for WUOM-FM in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and as a television reporter and anchorwoman for WILX-TV in Jackson, Michigan.
After a move to Arizona, she took classes at the Scottsdale School of Art, where she now periodically teaches painting and drawing.
Lately she has been arranging items and people in tableaus that are metaphorical, the purpose of which is to create a dialogue between artist and viewer.
To enhance this effect, she uses the interplay of movement and stillness, presence and absence, expectation and memory, and the literal and the abstract in her paintings .
Miss Juneteenth is an American drama film written and directed by Channing Godfrey Peoples and starring Nicole Beharie, Kendrick Sampson, and Alexis Chikaeze.
The plot follows a single mom and former teen beauty queen who enters her daughter into the local Miss Juneteenth pageant.
Turquoise Jones (Nicole Beharie), a single mother in a suburb of Fort Worth, Texas, enters her 15-year-old daughter, Kai (Alexis Chikaeze) in the local Miss Juneteenth pageant despite her daughter's reluctance.
Binapani Mohanty is an eminent literary figure of Odisha and carved a niche for herself in the field of Odia fiction writing.
Some of her best known stories are Pata Dei, Khela Ghara, Naiku Rasta, Bastraharana, Andhakarara, Kasturi Murga O Sabuja Aranya and Michhi Michhika.
Many short stories of Binapani Mohanty have been translated into different languages such as English, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali, Urdu, Telegu and Russian.
Mouth to Mouth is the sixth studio album by Australian pop rock band Mental As Anything, released in July 1987, and the album was produced by Richard Gottehrer.
The second single He's Just No Good for You reached at #15 in Australia also reached at number 88 on the UK Singles Chart.
According to Baharistan-i-Ghaibi, a campaign was launched against Bairisal because he failed to fulfil the payment of diamonds weighing 30 misqals as peshkash.
The campaign was led by Zafar Khan and he was on the verge of achieving victory when the news of the death of Islam Khan, the governor of Bengal, force him to make a settlement.
Combine that with the game's neat 3D racing action, as well as the relaxing techno soundtrack, and you have an original game that we should have some fun with in the next few weeks.
On 2 January 2020, Hernando joined Racing Santander on loan from Real Madrid B. Hernando made his professional debut with Racing Santander in a 1-0 Segunda División loss to Cádiz CF on 24 January 2020.
Baidyapur Jora Deul is a 16th century temple at Baidyapur in the Kalna II CD block in the Kalna subdivision of the Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
According to the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal the two ancient temples (joined together) at Baidyapur is a monument of national importance.
David J. McCutchion mentions the Bengal deul (1598) with terracotta designs on four sides, the Jora Shiva temple and Shiva temple of the Nandi family (1802) with rich terracotta façade, the straight corniced navaratna temple (1845) of Vrindavana Chandra with plaster festoons and the brick-built, ridged twin deul Krishna temple (1598) with rich terracotta on all sides.
The assassination paved the way for his ally Prince Min Nyo of Kale to seize the Ava throne three months later.
Yet he never submitted to Thado, and exerted pressure on Ava by actively supporting the rebellion of Prince Minye Kyawhtin to the 1440s.
While Tho Kyaung Bwa was married to a niece of King Minkhaung I of Ava, and Le Than Bwa was offered the throne of Ava by Queen Shin Bo-Me, the chronicles do not explicitly say that Le Than Bwa was of Ava royal descent.
His principality marked the limit of Ava's sphere of influence as it was located next to Hsenwi, on the Chinese side.
Though he ruled a peripheral state, Le Than Bwa would prove to be a central player in a scheme that plunged Ava into a deep political turmoil for the next two decades.
Le Than Bwa became involved the palace intrigues in 1425 when he was recruited by Queen Shin Bo-Me to assassinate King Thihathu.
Chronicles say that although Bo-Me planned to place her lover Prince Min Nyo of Kale on the throne, she initially tried to win over Le Than Bwa by dangling the possibility of his taking over the throne.
Although Le Than Bwa realized that the court would probably not agree to his kingship given senior princes like Prince Nyo waiting in the wing, he nonetheless agreed to execute Bo-Me's scheme.
In August 1425, Le Than Bwa and his men ambushed and killed Thihathu at Aung Pinle (modern Amarapura, Mandalay), the location Bo-Me provided.
When Thado's forces broke through Thray Sithu's defenses, Le Than Bwa took over the overall command of the army at Sagaing, across the river from Ava.
Other vassal rulers who manned the positions around Ava—the rulers of Toungoo, Taungdwin and Pakhan—too renounced their ties to Nyo, and withdrew to their respective regions.
He tried to overthrow Thado by actively backing the rebellion of Prince Minye Kyawhtin, who had a strong claim to the throne.
The 1427–1428 expedition gained control of Pinle, a well defended town with high brick walls at the edge of the Ava capital region.
Ava was so preoccupied with several rebellions around the core region that it could do nothing about the peripheral states like Onbaung.
Indeed, after multiple failed expeditions around the core region in 1430–1434, Thado ceased all military operations for the rest of his reign (to 1439).
By 1443, Thado's successors kings Minye Kyawswa I and Narapati I had defeated long running rebellions in the north and in the south, leaving Pinle as the only holdout.
In 1445, he personally went to Sagaing to attend the opening ceremony of the Htupayon Pagoda that King Narapati had just built.
His son Kham Yut Bwa succeeded but the son shortly after was driven out by one of the vassal lords supported by the Shan state of Yat Sauk.
The army was initially driven back by the combined forces of Yat Sauk, Naung-Mun, Mong Nai, and Nyaungshwe (southern Shan states) but eventually prevailed, and restored Kham Yut Bwa to the Onbaung throne.
The first two-thirds of his professional career spans forty years, a diverse body of architectural work found throughout Saskatchewan including designs for schools and hospitals, chapels and churches, motel and apartment buildings, private residences, buildings for corporations and health spas, dairy creameries in Regina and Saskatoon, and a Trans-Canada Highway campground.
Wiens achieved his greatest prominence after Expo 67, winning three Massey Award medals, Canada's top award for architecture, more than any other Saskatchewan architect, and two National Design Council of Canada Awards.
Despite being recognized as one of one of Canada's best architects, some of Wiens' projects are in need of restoration and protection as they are slowly declining into disrepair.
His Mennonite family put a strong emphasis on self-reliance, and while growing up he developed the wide range of wood frame construction, metalworking and mechanical skills needed for the operation of their farm.
Jackson at the Banff Centre for Continuing Education and agriculture at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon under a wheat pool sponsorship program for young farmers, and machine tooling at the Moose Jaw Technical School.
At the same time, he developed close intellectual, artistic and friendship links with the Regina Five, some of Canada's most acclaimed and advanced abstract painters of the period.
Over a period of forty years, the firm completed more than a hundred projects including a series of schools, creameries and fire halls.
In 1958, Wiens began work on what is considered to be his first important project, St. Joseph's, a Roman Catholic church in Whitewood.
Wiens designed sculptor and chandler John Nugent's studio located on a 2.7-hectare parcel of land that forms the north slope of the Qu'Appelle Valley in Lumsden.
Wiens used various types of concrete construction, the structure consisting of a candlemaking studio and a circular foundry with a thin-shelled conical roof, constructed of pre-tensioned, thin-shell concrete, and connected to a fan-shaped sculpture that appears to float on a band of glass at its base.
Sections of concrete culverts were used for the window openings, illustrating the combination of manufactured elements with crafted elements characterizing the overall nature of the structure.
The studio was constructed over successive weekends in one year by Nugent and Wiens, with help from artists Kenneth Lochhead (one of the Regina Five) and Roy Kiyooka.
The same year, Wiens designed offices of Regina's largest private employer, IPSCO Steel, and began a decade of service as the president of the Regina Chapter of Architects (1960-1969).
Some of the structures at the campground feature square plans with roofs supported on a rotated cross structure similar to John Nugent's studio and the Silton chapel.
Wiens garnered several national, binational, and international awards, namely the Merit Award and Award of Excellence from the National Design Council of Canada (1967), the Precast Concrete Institute Award (U.S. and Canada, 1967), two more Massey Medals (1967 and 1970), and an award co-sponsored by the American Institute of Architects in 1975.
The University of Regina Heating and Cooling Plant is distinguished by a unique A-frame form of exposed pre-cast concrete and corten steel.
Called the architect's masterpiece by Ian Chodikoff, the Plant is an example of innovative and expressive modernist architecture, quickly becoming a city landmark, recognized with a Massey Medal in 1970 and again in 2011 with the Prix du XXe siècle in 2011.
A comment by the jury reads:The Heating and Cooling Plant embodies the successful marriage of sophisticated structural design, contemporary materials, adaptation of plan and section to function, and expressive form that was the goal of the best of modern architecture.
The direct and unadorned industrial materials, their natural colours and simple forms reflect the utilitarian agricultural equipment and structures of the prairie farms with which Wiens was familiar, while the bold silhouette of the building recalls that ubiquitous prairie landmark, the grain elevator.
When Wiens took the stage in Vancouver to receive the award, he remarked that he would gladly trade the award for the chance to have his project maintained as he had originally designed it, at which the audience applauded robustly.
Consecrated as Our Lady of the Lake Chapel (Archdiocese of Regina), located near the village of Silton, a short drive from Lumsden, or about 45 minutes from Regina, on a bench of land just below the brow of the embankment overlooking Last Mountain Lake at Saskatchewan Beach is an outdoor or summer chapel without walls.
Wiens designed a pyramidal roof which appears to hover or float above the congregational area, supported by glulam support beams held up on concrete pillars, a natural boulder underneath serving as an altar, while a small cast-concrete pillbox provides a vestiary and the baptismal fount filled with water running off the cedar-shingled cantilevered roof down an iron chain serving as an improvised drainpipe.
The chapel's seemingly floating corners were suspended by tension rods embedded in the wood-frame structure of the roof, and require periodic adjustment; the rods in turn are connected to a compression plate at the apex, transferring the load of the corners to the top, then down the roof structure to the glulam beams.
In 2011, the chapel was vandalized, and when heritage conservation architect Bernard Flaman went to investigate the damage, he found the chapel was in danger of collapse from a slump in the valley hillside.
The chapel was saved from imminent collapse by a single post hastily placed below the sagging north beam, though more work needed to be done.
By September 2011, there were concerns that the Church would opt to demolish the chapel rather than have the chapel designated a heritage site.
In November 2015, Flaman wrote the community's efforts to raise funds and awareness had failed to generate the necessary amount to repair the building.
Because construction was scheduled for winter when the ground is frozen the design called for only the centre pole to penetrate the ground, then footings were added in the spring.
The other project that Flaman said displays a dramatic leap in scale is the Regina headquarters of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, a facility which was originally expected to have opened in 1979-80.
The work forms a galleria to view the dome of the Legislative Building (which Wiens finished renovating at the end of the previous decade).
In late February 2019, the Saskatchewan Government announced plans to acquire the building for the purpose of turning it into a centralized provincial archive; the CBC would continue to operate in parts of the builing under a lease.
She performed again at the 2007 venue, the MacKenzie Art Gallery, where a second symposium took place and Clifford Wiens led a tour of some of his buildings in the Regina area.
Around the time Wiens was awarded the Prix du XXe siècle (2011) for his work on the Heating and Cooling Plant, Wiens found it difficult to maintain an active practice due to illness, and began a new career in writing.
Further afield, Wiens was a visiting professor at the University of Manitoba (1968), the University of Calgary (1977), and the University of British Columbia (1985).
Since winding down the Regina company and moving to Vancouver, he has served as a visiting professor at the University of Arizona and Arizona State University.
Since retirement, Wiens has written and published several books: professional and personal memoirs, poetry and joke books, and edited collections of correspondence.
There's a line going right through as if the building is floating... What belongs to the ground belongs to the ground and what belongs to the sky belongs to the sky and they all just meet on the horizon line.
Robin Poitras, second of their six children and wife of Métis artist Edward Poitras, became a dancer (Regina Modern Dance Works, and later New Dance Horizons in Regina, which she co-founded in 1986), performance and installation artist.
The only son, Nathan, became a naturalistic designer, best known as a craftsman of custom wood furniture pieces based in Vancouver.
The reconstituted municipality consisted of a chairman and six councillors, with two auditors, increasing to nine councillors in 1898 due to a rising population.
The municipality built a town hall on Albany Highway as their new headquarters in 1899, opening on 11 September that year.
In 1904, the municipality signed an agreement with Perth Electric Tramways Ltd to extend the tramway line into Victoria Park, with the council raising a loan for the construction of the line and the company paying the council to operate it, with the intention of the company taking the line over when the cost of construction had been repaid.
The agreement saw the tramway successfully extended into the suburb, and instead of being taken over by the company, the municipality sold the tramway to the state government in 1913 for £5,212.
The council was divided up into wards on 22 December 1904, with three wards (East, Central and West) each having three councillors.
The amalgamation had been amicable, supported by both councils as well as receiving support from Victoria Park ratepayers at a referendum on 22 November 1916.
The Donetsk Gubernatorial Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Donetsk CPU gubkom, was a regional branch of the Communist Party of (Bolsheviks) Ukraine in Donetsk Governorate.
The Donetsk Governorate was established on 5 February 1920 out of parts of Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Kharkov Governorate, and Don Host Oblast.
The Donetsk Governorate was initially split into 7 okruhas centered in following cities: Bakhmut, Luhansk, Mariupol, Yuzovka, Starobilsk, Taganrog, and Shakhty.
He is a second generation wrestler, son of Guillermo Martinez Cid, best known as Bombero Infernal and the brother of wrestlers Matrix Jr., Muerte Infernal, Capitain Muerte and La Bomberita.
He works for International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) in the State of Mexico as well as taking bookings on the independent circuit in Mexico.
The duo defeated Hip Hop Man and Mr. Electro in the first round, then defeated Demonio's longtime rival Dragón Fly and Villano IV in the semi-finals, before losing to Black Terry and El Diablo Jr. in the finals of the tournament.
Due to the loss Demonio and Freelance had to face each other immediately, with Freelance losing the match and also losing his hair as a result.
Near the end of 2019, Demonio Infernal became involved in a storyline feud against Fresero Jr., which included Demonio Infernal successfully defending the Rey del Ring Championship against Fresero Jr. On the October 27 IWRG show Fresero Jr. helped El Hijo de Canis Lupus defend the IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship against Demonio Infernal by interfering in the match.
William Wallinder (born 28 July 2002) is a Swedish ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Modo Hockey of the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan.
In 1412/13, he reported to the Ava court that his Shan-speaking state had come under attack from the neighboring Shan state of Hsenwi (Theinni), backed by Ming China.
In 1934, a copy of the poem written by Coleridge himself sometime before its publication in 1816 was discovered in a private library.
The so-called Crewe Manuscript was sent by Coleridge to his sister-in-law Mrs. Southey, who later gave it or sold it to a private autograph collector.
John-Jason Peterka (born January 14, 2002) is a German hockey centre playing for EHC Red Bull München in DEL and one of the top prospects in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft.
Located on the Gaspé Peninsula, it was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
Items of her work are in the permanent collections of the National Library of New Zealand, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and the Museum Theatre Gallery Hawke's Bay.
When she was 5 years old, she started sketching; a family member gave her a paint set and she began to paint in watercolours.
Brenkley was also a wood carver and produced domestic items such as tables, fire screens, umbrella stands, bookends, paperknives, breadboards, decorated boxes and eggcups.
Brenkley admired Māori culture and many of her items feature artistic elements of Māori style, such as using pāua shell for the eyes of carved figures.
A piece of her wood carving work was displayed in the Women's Section of the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition in 1939.
He served curacies at St Martin, Potternewton, Leeds from 1991 to 1994 and at St Chad, Far Headingley, Leeds from 1994 to 1996; and was Vicar at St Edmund King and Martyr, Roundhay from 1996 to 2007.
He was Area Dean of Allerton from 2004 to 20007; Canon Residentiary and Precentor of Sheffield Cathedral from 2007 to 2013; and Rector of Bolton Abbey from 2013 until his appointment as dean.
Lin Zonghu (; 13 May 1933 – 21 December 2019) was a Chinese thermal engineer and professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University.
When Chen Xuejun established China's first university major in boilers, Lin entered the program as the country's first graduate student in the field.
Lin followed his advisor Chen Xuejun and most of the mechanical engineering department and moved to Xi'an, where he spent most of his career.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Lin spent three years researching gas-liquid two-phase flow measurements, and published his findings in the International Journal of Multiphase Flow in 1982.
He was awarded the State Natural Science Award (Third Class), the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class), and nine minister- and provincial-level science and technology prizes.
Ryuun Daimai (born 1872 as Ryumoto Daimai - June 26, 1916) was a Japanese serial killer and rapist, active during the Taishō era.
When he was 7 years old, he was sent to a temple in Ōita Prefecture to be taken care of by the abbot.
In 1890, the priest passed away, and Daimai left the temple to train judo at a dojo in Kumamoto Prefecture, as a uchi-deshi.
During the First Sino-Japanese War, which broke out in 1894, he volunteered for the military, but got his nose disfigured due to sustained injuries from a land mine.
Daimai's crimes following his imprisonment became increasingly cruel and brutal, invading nunneries to rape and rob the nuns, and in some cases kill them, setting the structures ablaze to hide his crimes.
The judiciary recorded three robbery-murders, five rapes, seven robberies and nine thefts, but the actual number of rapes and murders remains unknown.
Most of the rape victims were nuns, some of them average worshippers or miko, and others were affected regardless of age.
It was reported that some of the victims, whom screamed too loudly, had their tongues pulled out by hand and subsequently killed.
It is said that Daimai managed to avoid arrest, despite committing crimes from Tokyo to Keihanshin, because he used different aliases.
According to contemporary accounts from the guards, he ate buns and drank tea, chewed nicotiana tabacum and was allowed to smoke.
He made one more appearance for the national team in a 2–0 victory against Switzerland at the 1970 World Cup qualifiers.
Thomas Jefferson Vance Owen (April 5, 1801 – October 15, 1835) was an American settler who was the first President of the Town of Chicago.
He was elected to serve in the 7th Illinois General Assembly for Randolph County in August 1830 and took office on December 6 in the Illinois House of Representatives.
Owen was appointed to take his place by the United States Senate on February 4, 1831, being chosen over local residents Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard and John H. Kinzie.
Owen arrived in Chicago without having a house; the building intended to house the agent had become the property of Kinzie after Wolcott's death for having been included in James Thompson's plat of Chicago and Wolcott's subsequent inaction to stop it from falling into private hands.
Chicago officially voted to incorporate as a town on August 5, 1833, with 12 votes for and one against, the lone dissenter living outside of Chicago.
Owen died on October 15, 1835, at his home in Chicago from a pulmonary illness he had been suffering since May.
His health at that time had been compromised due to efforts of expelling Potawatomi Indians west of the Mississippi River per the Treaty of Chicago.
Eaton was the president of the Otago Embroiderers' Guild and also served as a regional education officer for the Association of New Zealand Embroiderers' Guilds.
In 1984 she proposed an annual embroidery school be run at Wanaka, Otago; the school started in 1985 and has run every year since.
Eaton chaired the organising committee for 25 years, and in 2014 an exhibition of her work was presented at the event.
Eaton was made a Member of the Order of New Zealand in the 2007 New Year's Honours, for services to embroidery.
Francisco Martínez Yago (2 November 1814, Paiporta - 19 January 1895, Valencia) was a Spanish painter; father of Salvador Martínez Cubells.
Later, he completed them with Francisco Llácer Valdermont (1781-1857) and Miguel Parra Abril, while enrolled at the Academia de San Carlos.
Most of his paintings were commissioned by individuals and organizations; notably a portrait of Bruno of Cologne for the Jesuit Church, an Assumption for the parish church in Torrente, and several works on Greek mythology for Count Parsent.
Over the course of his career, he restored 54 paintings at Valencia Cathedral, fourteen in the parish of San Andrés, and many works by Juan de Juanes.
Julián Domínguez (born 4 October 1996) is a professional Argentinean rugby union player who plays as a winger for the New Orleans Gold in Major League Rugby having previously played for the Jaguares XV in the Currie Cup, internationally for Argentina XV and for the Argentina Sevens team.
The Adana derby is a local derby that takes place between Adanaspor and Adana Demir, the two professional football league teams based in Adana.
Adanaspor and Adana Demir have met competitively a total of 60 times, with Adanaspor leading the meetings by 22 wins to Adana Demir's 15 wins.
Club's thriving success at the Çukurova League, built a huge worker fan base in the city and attracted landowners to finance the club.
Believing that the worker supported, landowner financed, TCDD governed club alienating the rest of the city, middle-class merchants and artisans founded Adanaspor in 1954.
Before 2000s, the West and the large East stand were shared equally by Adana Demir and Adanaspor fans, Adana Demir fans settle at the north seats of these Stands and Adanaspor fans settle at the south section.
Since 2000s, though the stadium is shared, the entire West and East Stands were open only to the fans of the official host of the derby match.
When Adana Demirspor is hosting, Adanaspor fans are only allowed to the 1600-seat South Stand and when Adanaspor is hosting, Adana Demirspor fans are only allowed to the 1600-seat North Stand.
India Climate Collaborative (ICC) is an initiative undertaken by philanthropists from India to understand the challenges posed by climate change and find solutions for climate crisis.
The primary objective of the collective is to establish an India-only climate narrative and identify solutions for the harsh effects of climate change.
In 2018, India ranked 5th among 181 countries as a nation with the highest number of deaths triggered by climate change.
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Centre for Science & Environment, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment, Centre for Policy Research, Indian School of Business, World Resources Institute, Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundations, People's Archive for Rural India (PARI), Swades Foundation, Indian Development Review (IDR), SELCO, and Oxford University are some of the academic and research organisations associated with the collective.
Iva Janžurová was for her performance nominated for the Czech Lion Award for Best Actress in Leading Role during 2019 Czech Lion Awards.
The tree is traditionally regarded as the spot of the first meeting between Edward IV, king of England and leader of the Yorkist faction in the War of the Roses, and Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of John Grey of Groby, a Lancastrian commander.
The meeting is said to have taken place on 13 April 1464 and the couple were married in secret just 18 days later.
The marriage was controversial at the time as Woodville was a Lancastrian, a commoner, brought no dowry and already had children.
In spite of the legend, the couple may have met earlier when Woodville's parents served Edward's father in Normandy or when Edward stayed in Groby in 1461; however, the first recorded meeting is certainly 13 April 1464.
Woodville is said to have waited under the oak for Edward to pass by, to seek to plead for her sons' confiscated inheritances to be restored.
The tree stood to the rear of the Pottersbury Lodge and several acorns from it were recovered and planted on the estate by Henry Newton in the mid-19th century.
The lodge was sold in 1958 and became Potterspury Lodge School but much of the estate was retained as two farms which were let out.
In his early career he worked with the sculptor Alfred Stevens; he was in later life a lecturer at art colleges.
His first artistic training was gained in Sheffield under H. D. Lomas at the Sheffield School of Art, after which he was articled to the firm of H. E. Hoole & Co. in that town, whose foundry was then engaged in producing work from the designs of the sculptor Alfred Stevens.
Some years before the death of Stevens in 1875 Stannus appears to have decided to make his training more definitely architectural, and in 1872 he was studying architecture at the Royal Academy Schools.
In 1873 he passed the voluntary examination of the Royal Institute of British Architects with such distinction as to be awarded the Ashpitel Prize.
He was elected an associate of the institute in 1880 and a fellow in 1887, taking till the year of his death an active part in its meetings and committee work.
After bringing to a close Stevens's work on the Wellington monument, he was engaged simultaneously with Frederic Leighton and Edward Poynter in the preparation of a design for the decoration of the cupola of St Paul's Cathedral, which was not carried out.
Stannus's executed work consisted chiefly of structural or decorative alterations to existing buildings such as the Cutlers' Hall, the Sheffield United Gas Light Company Offices, the unitarian church, and the Channing Hall at Sheffield, the residences of Sir Edwin Durning-Lawrence at Ascot and at Carlton House Terrace, the Phoenix brewery at Bedford, a house for Mr Faber, M.P., at Beckenham, and Norman Macleod's church in Edinburgh.
He designed the Sunday School centenary memorial at Essex church (unitarian), Notting Hill, and his own house, The Cottage, Hindhead, Surrey.
When in 1903 it was decided further to complete the Wellington monument by the addition of the equestrian statue of the duke, Stannus, whose forethought had preserved Stevens's plaster model for the figure, was able to lay before the authorities several important drawings and other evidences of the original designer's intentions.
His energies were mainly absorbed from the age of forty to sixty in the work of a teacher and lecturer, to which he brought exceptional powers of analysis and great lucidity of expression.
From 1881 to 1900 he taught modelling at the Royal Academy of Art, and he held appointments as lecturer at University College London, and at the Royal College of Art, South Kensington.
For two years (1900–1902) he was director of architectural studies at the Manchester School of Art, and subsequently (1905–1907) he lectured at the evening school of the Architectural Association.
Stannus belonged to the Hellenic and Japan Societies, to the St Paul's Ecclesiological Society, to the Society of Arts and Crafts, and to that for the Preservation of Ancient Buildings.
He died at Hindhead on 18 August 1908, survived by his wife, two daughters and a son, Dr Hugh S. Stannus.
The residential red zone refers to areas of land in and around Christchurch, New Zealand, that experienced severe damage in the 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes and were deemed infeasible to rebuild on.
The majority were located in a broad swath of the eastern suburbs along the Avon River / Ōtākaro that had suffered damage from soil liquefaction.
In the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes, many areas in and around Christchurch were severely affected by soil liquefaction, lateral spreading, and/or rockslides.
Some land in and around Christchurch was so damaged that the government determined that making the land safe for rebuilding would take years and require the demolition of most, if not all, buildings, and the eviction of their tenants.
The initial announcement of red zones was made on 24 June 2011, about 4 months after the February 2011 earthquake and only 11 days after the latest series of aftershocks.
By 24 June, not all properties had been assessed as red or green by that point, but the government determined that zoning most properties immediately, thus giving their owners certainty, was preferable to postponing the announcement until all decisions were complete.
By November 2014, all zones had been assessed as either red or green, so the orange and white zones were eliminated.
Most of the displaced people moved to less-damaged outer suburbs, as well as the neighboring Selwyn and Waimakariri Districts, and new subdivisions were constructed to meet the demand.
In the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes, many areas of the city built on alluvial soils experienced severe soil liquefaction which damaged roads, utilities, and buildings.
The majority of red-zoned areas were in the eastern suburbs along the Avon River / Ōtākaro, downstream of Christchurch Central City.
Large sections of the town of Kaiapoi, as well as the seaside communities of The Pines Beach and Kairaki, were also affected.
Several properties in the Port Hills experienced rockslides, especially in the aftershock of 13 June, which had its epicentre in the hills.
Since many of the rockslides often occurred later than the main February 2011 quake (especially in the June 2011 earthquake), these properties were usually red-zoned later than the flatland properties, sometimes as late as November 2013, over two years afterwards.
All buyout prices would be based on 2007 valuation of the properties, the most recent data available before the 2010 earthquake.
The initial announcement of red zones occurred on 24 June 2011, and residents were given 9 months to consider their offers.
Other areas, which had initially been zoned either orange or white, were not zoned until later: the suburb of Brooklands, for example, was not conclusively zoned red until November 2011, 8 months after the February 2011 quake.
Indeed, city buses have been rerouted out of the red zone, and mail deliveries were cancelled in 2014, so that any remaining residents are living in areas with minimal government services.
Stayers in the red zone contend with tyre punctures from unrepaired, earthquake-damaged roads, and the risk of crime in the little-serviced area.
Once the Crown bought the land, tenants vacated the property, and insurance settlements were finalised, private contractors were hired to demolish the houses.
It took several years until all demolitions and removals were completed in 2015, in which time the red zone contained many abandoned buildings that attracted squatters and crime.
However, indigenous plants, as well as trees and shrubs over a certain height (4 meters or 6 meters depending on context) were retained.
Depending on the natural environment of the property, one of six different treatment types was applied: grassland, riparian buffer area, dune, estuarine edge, wet areas, and no clearance treatment (for areas with existing non-intensive land use such as grazing).
Owing to the policy of leaving most vegetation in place, many trees and shrubs that once marked lot boundaries still remain in their rectangular alignments around the houses that have been demolished.
The government only offered buyouts to homeowners with home insurance, which is compulsory for home owners who hold a home loan (mortgage) in New Zealand.
CERA head Gerry Brownlee argued that to buy properties from homeowners who failed to purchase insurance would create a moral hazard by setting a precedent that homeowners without insurance would receive a bailout from the government, despite not insuring their properties against damage.
A group called Quake Outcasts sued the government, alleging that they suffered unlawful discrimination on a basis that was not warranted by the Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010.
Another source of controversy was that insurance companies paid out less than the full value of some houses if the companies found that, based on the structural characteristics of the house, it was repairable, even though the red zone legally prohibited such repairs.
Since the disestablishment of CERA in 2016, Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) manages the land, taking responsibility for managing vegetation, cleaning rubbish, and providing security.
Pending a permanent land use, LINZ allows the vacant red zone to be used for activities such as community gardening, mountain biking, and beekeeping on a temporary basis (up to 5 years in length).
The vacant, albeit damaged, roads are used for a driving school and as a testing ground for autonomous or radio-controlled vehicles.
So, the government’s long-term earthquake recovery organization, Regenerate Christchurch, developed the Ōtākaro/Avon River Corridor Regeneration Plan to make the Avon River red zone into a large park stretching from downtown Christchurch to the Avon Heathcote Estuary by the ocean.
Such a park, at , will be nearly four times the size of Christchurch's Hagley Park, and Regenerate Christchurch considers this vast new urban open space a unique opportunity to improve the city’s parkland and natural environment.
The plan is intended to adapt to rising sea levels which are expected to flood part of the Ōtākaro/Avon River Corridor.
The plans also acknowledge the existing Māori heritage in the area of Horseshoe Lake, an old oxbow lake of the Avon River / Ōtākaro, where there was once a Ngāi Tahu settlement.
The East Lake development, which would create an open water course along the Avon River / Ōtākaro suitable for international rowing regattas, remains under consideration as a long-term land use for the red zone.
The Waimakariri Residential Red Zone Recovery Plan seeks to rehabilitate the condemned land around the mouth of the Waimakariri River in Waimakariri District, especially in Kaiapoi.
Argall lived in the provincial town of Paeroa, in Waikato, New Zealand, where she helped her aunt run a nursing home.
The publishing company struggled with the venture, however, and it was sold to local politician Ellen Melville after a few months and then to Vernon Dyson, whose wife Hedda Dyson took over the editorship.
The adults are red on their heads and upper body with a whitish underside, there are three or four yellow horizontal stripes on the upper flanks and curved yellow stripes on the head.
The spiny part of the dorsal fin is black with two pink stripes in the rear portion of that fin and a yellow margin.
The anal fin is white with a wide yellow edge, the pelvic fins are also white and the pectoral fins are transparent but have a wide blood-red bar at their base.
At the base of the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin there is a large oval-shaped red spot which becomes indistinct in the biggest fish.
The juveniles are pink in colour with more yellow stripes than the adults and a large black blotch on dorsal part of the caudal peduncle.
The bleeding wrasse is found in the central eastern Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Nicaragua, including the Cocos Islands of Costa Rica.
The Municipality of Day Dawn was a local government area in Western Australia centred on the mining town of Day Dawn.
It was responsible for managing the Day Dawn Recreation Ground and was responsible for instituting a system of electric lighting in the town.
The municipal boundaries were extended one and a half miles due to the growth of the town in October 1901 and again on 31 August 1904.
The municipality ceased to exist on 11 October 1912, when along with the nearby Municipality of Cue, it merged into the surrounding Cue Road District, which was in turn renamed the Cue-Day Dawn Road District.
All councils ultimately supported the amalgamation, largely based on the need to improve their collective financial positions, despite a counter-push to redivide the three bodies as two new road districts.
Văetuș played seven matches for Romania's national team, scoring one goal in his debut, at a 3–1 victory against Cyprus at the Euro 1984 qualifiers.
Raibag (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
Among the four members of the Municipal Executive there was onesocial democrat (SPD), one member of the People's Party and two conservatives.
Among the 21 members of the City Council there was one fascist, thirteen conservatives, four social democrats, one communist, one centre (Zentrum), one democrat and one people's man.
This political pluralism did not prevent the Board and the City Council from making very far-sighted and prospective decisions thatwere beneficial for the city.
Such decisions also include the free transfer of building plots to industrial or manufacturing plants, the transfer of plots of land for the construction of public buildings onvery convenient terms, and finally the free transfer of plots of land to the garrison for the development of recreational and tourist infrastructure.
With a predominance of Conservatives both in the same body and in the other, it might not have been difficult to obtain such a majority.
Only that first the mayor had to get the majority for these decisions and the majority, and this task was for the mayor.
The fact that the mayor of Giese joyed such an authority mainly among the town's inhabitants is proved by the fact that in 1922 he was elected for a second, twelve-year term.
For the first time Karl Friedrich Giese was elected mayor of Ilawa on 6 June 1910, for the second time in 1922, and it was only the take over of power by the Nazis in 1933 that did not allow him to survive until the end of his term.
We do not know whether the elections to the Board and Council also took place in 1910, that this was the case, can be seen from the mention of the pastor of the Catholic parish in Ilawa, who said that in 1930, by the votes of four Protestants and two Catholics, he was elected to the City Council.
This would mean that this year there were elections for a new Board and a new City Council, which in turn means that Giese, during his more than twenty years as mayor in Iława, had to work with four different or almost different teams of people, consisting of the City Board and City Council.
Maier can be assumed that the elections to the City Council took place in 1910, the next ones were in 1916, but probably due to the war they were postponed to 1918, while the next ones took place in 1924 and 1930.
Ilawa, at the time of the mayor of Giese, from a provincial town turnedinto one of the most important centres of West Prussia.
During the finishing of the building, he took part in the following activities iławski military garrison, which funded the stained-glass windows and equipped the town hall at that time the richestiławian - Seifert.
Karl Giese in his memoirs written down in Świnoujście, where he worked as a lawyer and lived until his death on March 5, 1945.
The 2020 COSAFA Cup will be the 20th edition of the COSAFA Cup, an international football competition consisting of national teams of member nations of the Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA).
At the age of eight Erbus started singing as a part of the RTV Slovenija Children's Choir in which she sang for the next 6 years.
In 2006 Erbus was called together with Nika Krmec, Kim Perme, Katja Mihelčič and Tanja Petrušič to form the second line-up of the pop group Foxy Teens.
Música cebolla had its heydays in the 1950s and 1960s, and was thus contemporary to Nueva ola, the early Nueva Canción and the introduction of Cumbia to Chile.
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] of this fish honours Peter E. Russell of Kaneoke on Oahu who collected and gave the [[holotype]] to the [[Bishop Museum]] in [[Honolulu]].
Elections to the Banff and Buchan District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
During President Cyril Ramaphosa’s inauguration, she together with other female pilots, took to the skies in a Hawks formation air display.
She is known to have flown one of the five SA Airforce Hawk Mk 120 aircraft over Loftus Versveld Stadium in Pretoria during the president's inauguration.
The ground-floor contained the front bar, a entrance from Marine Terrace, a saloon bar with three entrances, as well as four parlours, and a music room.
An arcade provided access from the street to the bars, as well as a luxurious billiards room, measuring , and featuring a low-cushion table imported from Melbourne.
There were 21 bedrooms upstairs, as well as a smoke-room, ladies' parlour, ladies' lavatory, bathrooms, and linen lockers, all arranged around six corridors.
The exterior of the building featured a balcony around three sides, and a tower rising from the corner of the building.
The hotel is also a live music venue; artists such as Jon English, The Angels, Angry Anderson, Daryl Braithwaite and the Bondi Cigars have performed there.
He was Ordained and Consecrated a Bishop and Seated as the 15th Bishop of Huron at St. Paul's Cathedral, London, ON on Saturday January 25, 2020.
While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Gloucestershire at Oxford in 1977.
He was worked in a number of senior positions within the banking industry, including with Deutsche Bank and Citigroup, which he joined in 2011 as the managing director in the European leveraged finance business.
Yuri Viktorovich Kuznetsov (; 24 August 1946 – 24 January 2020) was a Soviet and Russian military officer who held a number of posts in the Soviet and later Russian Armed Forces, reaching the rank of general-major.
Kuznetsov entered the Soviet Army in 1964, and after studying at the he joined the 217th Guards Airborne Regiment, where he would spend the next several years, rising though the ranks and becoming a battalion commander.
He rose to command the regiment during his service during the Soviet–Afghan War, and was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1982.
After further postings as deputy commander of the 106th Guards Airborne Division, commander of the 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division and deputy commander of the 35th Combined Arms Army, Kuznetsov's final military service was as head of the Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School, before his retirement in 2002.
With his retirement from military life, Kuznetsov settled in Blagoveshchensk and became active in local government, serving as a deputy in the city and regional dumas, and as an advisor to the deputy governor on the region.
He had received a number of awards during his career, and on his death in 2020, politicians at the local and national levels paid tribute to his service.
Kuznetsov was born into a working-class family on 24 August 1946 in Borzya, then in Chita Oblast in the Soviet Union.
After graduating from the with a specialisation in command and staff operational-tactical combined arms warfare in 1968, he entered the 217th Guards Airborne Regiment, based at Bolgrad in Odessa Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR.
He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1970, and in 1973 completed the Vystrel officer-training course.
During his time with the 217th Guards Airborne Regiment he rose from the position of a platoon commander to deputy company commander, company commander and finally battalion commander.
Graduating from the Frunze Military Academy in 1980, Kuznetsov was posted to the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment as its deputy commander, and deployed with the unit to Afghanistan as part of the Soviet forces committed to the Soviet–Afghan War.
For his service during the war, then Guards Lieutenant-Colonel Kuznetsov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, with the accompanying Gold Star and the Order of Lenin, on 5 July 1982.
He then became deputy commander of the 106th Guards Airborne Division, and in 1984 took charge of the 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kuznetsov remained in the Russian Armed Forces, and from 1993 served as a general-major as head of the Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School, the same institution he had graduated from at the start of his career.
Elections to the Gordon District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The Institut des cultures arabes et méditerranéennes (Institute for Arab and Mediterranean Cultures (ICAM)) is an association and Geneva cultural center for the promotion of Arab and Mediterranean cultures in Switzerland.
Founded in 2013 by former maire of Geneva, Patrice Mugny and the Lebanese-Sudanese bookseller Alain Bittar, the aim of the institute is to promote the cultures of the Arab world and to establish an intercultural exchange between Switzerland and the Arab world.
Supported by the Canton of Geneva and the city government, the cultural center promotes as an association the recognition of Arabic-speaking communities in Geneva society and its history.
Since 2016, artists such as Wajih Nahlé (Lebanon), Nja Mah Daoui (Tunisia) Nazir Ismail (Syria), Mohamed Al Dabous (Palestine), Mohamed Al Hawajri (Gaza) Sohail Salem (Gaza), Ali Taraghijah (Iran), Towhidi Tabari (Iran), Salah Taher (Egypt), Khali Hamra (Palestine) and Gianni Motti (Switzerland) have been represented at the Institute.
Following the film's launch on 14 November 2019, a poster featuring Ravi Teja with a beard and a twirled mustache was released the same day.
The second poster was unveiled on 14 January 2020, featuring Shruti Haasan and Ravi Teja riding a motorcycle along with a child artist.
Elections to the Kincardine and Deeside District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
The Cave Sanctuaries of the Akropolis, Athens, are the natural fissures in the rock of the Akropolis hill that were used as sites of worship for deities of the panhellenic pantheon in antiquity.
Traditionally a sharp distinction has been drawn between the state religion practised on the summit of the akropolis and the cult practice of the shrines on the lower slopes.
Recently, however, interest has burgeoned in the individual religious experience or personal piety in Greek society of which these cult sites may be the expression.
The proceeding description follows the order of the shrines from the Klepsydra at the northwest face of the akropolis clockwise via the Peripatos round to the foot of the Nike bastion.
The northwestern slope of the rock of the Akropolis is dominated by three cave openings dedicated to the worship of Pan, Zeus and Apollo respectively.
The most westerly cave on the terrace is not a shrine but a sculpted cavity, called cave A in the archaeological literature, with a carved surface in the form of a podium was used as a viewing area for the Panathenaic procession.
Moving easterly the next cave along, cave B, is that of the Apollo Hypoakraios (Apollo under the Long Rocks, also worshipped as Pythios).
The sanctuary was identified after finding marble plaques nearby which detail a crown and an inscription that they were a dedication to Apollo from the nine archons.
The Middle Cave, also called cave C in the archaeological literature, is dated to the 5th century and attributed to Zeus Olympios or Zeus Keraunios, based on the interpretations of Thucydides and Strabo.
The excavation of Kavvadias in 1896-1897 uncovered a previously unknown cave system (identified as D-D, and latterly another, D), this eastern most cave on the terrace was dedicated to the god Pan.
The identification of the sanctuary was based on the testimonies of Euripides, Aristophanes and Pausanias as well as the finding of two votive reliefs on the site one of which depicts the God sitting on a rock playing the pipes while a nymph stands before him, and the other is the Pan Relief which shows the God amongst other deities.
In the Christian period, the furthest eastern part of the Sanctuary (named cave D) was converted into a chapel dedicated to Saint Athanasius from which traces of frescoes in the niches are preserved today.
Also identified as the shrine of Aphrodite in the Gardens after the passage in Pausanias describing the rites of the arrhephoroi.
A number of votive niches are carved into the back wall which probably housed statues or other votive gifts the evidence of these mostly date from the 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE, oldest find is 5th century.
Also found were small marble reliefs of male and female genitals, fragments of a marble relief of nines Erotes carrying cult paraphenalia from the late 4th century.
Two inscriptions of circa 450-430 BCE were cut into the rock at the southwest corner of the site, One a dedication to Aphrodite, the other mentions a spring festival sacred to Eros.
The connection to the passage in Pausanias already mentioned was made by Broneer who suggest that the arrhephoroi might have descended from the Akropolis through the adjacent mycenaean well, however there is no definite evidence of this still mysterious ceremony.
The small area next to the Aphrodite temenos, the so-called skyphoi sanctuary, the purpose of which is unclear was the site of deposit of a large number of small vessels.
Aglauros was one of the daughters of Kekrops who according to legend jumped to her death to save the city as decreed by the Delphic oracle.
These sources were the only inconclusive clues to the location of the shrine which was not identified as its current site until the 1980 stele find.
Dating from 247/6 or 246/5 BCE, the inscription on the stele mentions the Aglauros priestess Timokrite who was honoured by the Athenian demos with this memorial.
While the cult of Aglauros was a women’s cult, the ephebes also practised the aglauria there when they swore oaths and received their weapons.
The mycenaean spring on this site had been enclosed in a spring house since the archaic period and had been a centre for the cult of Pan, the nymphs and possibly Hermes since the 5th century BCE.
Its boundary was indicated by a horos built into the wall that defined the peripatos, Susan Walker identified this as a state cult.
Additionally a small temple in antis dating from the 2nd century CE is identified with Isis which according to epigraphic evidence was restored by a private patron.
Pausanias describes a Temple of Themis here directly behind a monument for the hero Hippolytos, several Roman inscriptions denote themis as the epiclesis of different goddesses.
Pala considers that the Aphrodite shrines of south slope may have been part of a pilgrimage trail, along with the Aphrodite cave on the north face where the goddess was worshiped in her kourotrophic aspect, that brides and wives might have taken.
The Sanctuary of the Nymphe is an open air sanctuary south of later built Herodeion it is not accessible from peripatos.
The loutrophoros was used by suppliants to carry water from the Kallirrhoe spring near the Ilissos river for the prenuptial bath of the bride.
Besides Aphrodite Hippolytos already mentioned, it may be the case that the cult of Aphrodite Pandemos was located above the Herodeion, Pausanias lists her sanctuary along with Peitho (Goddess of Persuasion) as being west of the Asklepieion.
The competition was contested by fourteen teams over a 26-week long season (including finals), with the Burleigh defeating the Redcliffe Dolphins 12–10 in the Grand Final at Suncorp Stadium.
Brothers and Bundaberg both competed in the inaugural season of the Queensland Cup, while Townsville and the Vikings both played just one season.
For the 1999 season, the Brisbane Broncos were affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales, the Melbourne Storm with the Norths Devils and the North Queensland Cowboys with the Cairns Cyclones and Wests Panthers.
The Auckland Warriors also used Souths Magpies and Wynnum Seagulls as feeder clubs, sending them up to four players each round.
Burleigh qualified for their first Grand Final after a comeback win over Norths in the minor semi finals and with a six-point win over Redcliffe a week later.
Redcliffe, who finished as minor premiers for the first time and earned a first week bye, were forced into a preliminary final with Norths after losing to the Bears.
After Burleigh kicked a penalty goal inside the opening minute, it took 20 minutes for the first try of the game to be scored, with Bears' centre Darren Anderson crossing out wide.
With six minutes to play in the first half, Dolphins' centre Mixie Lui put his winger Trent Leis into gap to score.
10 minutes later, the Dolphins nabbed their second try when winger Ricky Hewinson scored in the corner, courtesy of a Tony Gould cutout pass.
A tense final 10 minutes followed but Burleigh hung on to claim their first premiership in their third season in the Queensland Cup.
Burleigh winger Aaron Douglas, who was stretchered off during the game, became the first player to win two Queensland Cup Grand Finals, winning his first with Redcliffe two years earlier.
Volga in Flames (French: Volga en flammes) is a 1934 historical adventure film directed by Viktor Tourjansky and starring Albert Prejean, Valéry Inkijinoff and Danielle Darrieux.
And it is affiliated to Jodhpurs one of the oldest and famous universities Jai Narain Vyas University and Rajasthan Technical University.
Polish Aviation Group was founded in 2018 with an aim to merge Polish companies including LOT Polish Airlines, LOT Aircraft Maintenance Services, LS Airport Services and LS Technics.
PGL (Polska Grupa Lotnicza) was formed in January 2018 and is formed of LOT Polish Airlines, LOT Aircraft Maintenance Services and LS Airport Services and LS Technics which were merged in early October 2018 and the CEO is Rafał Milczarski and PGL is lead by LOT Polish Airlines .
It started with a capital of PLN 1.2 billion (EUR 290 million)(UD 350 million) as a joint stock company in January 2018.
The new state-owned Polish Aviation Group (PGL), endowed with capital of PLN 2.5 billion (EUR 580 million, USD 670 million), brings together the country’s largest aviation service providers in October 2018.
On 24 January 2020 PGL announced that it had purchased Condor Flugdienst and that it will be completed in April 2020 so it can pass anti-trust regulators, PGL has also hinted it is wanting to replace Condor Flugdienst Boeing 767's as they are ageing ranging from 18-28 years old.
The 2020 Women's Junior European Volleyball Championship will be the 27th edition of the competition, with the main phase (contested between 12 teams) held in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia from 19 August to 1 September 2020.
Seetha Kumari Ehelepola (born 9 May 1940 – died 7 August 2013 as ) [Sinhala]), was an award-winning actress in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television.
After the body being placed in the Colombo Art Gallery on 10 August 2013 from 10 am to 4 pm, funeral took place on the same day at Borella Cemetery.
He was a founder member of the CDS – People's Party and briefly Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in Portugal.
Luís de Oliveira Marques had been educated in Britain and Portugal during World War I and had worked there after the war.
Susan Lowndes was the daughter of the journalist Frederick Lowndes and the writer Marie Belloc Lowndes, granddaughter of Bessie Rayner Parkes, a prominent campaigner for women’s rights, and sister of the author Hilaire Belloc.
In his youth he would have been exposed to many English writers who passed through Lisbon and visited his parents, including Graham Greene, Evelyn Waugh, Cyril Connolly, Rose Macaulay, Aldous Huxley, Angus Wilson and Sachaverell Sitwell.
He obtained a Law degree from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon and became a distinguished lawyer, setting up his own practice.
Marques served in the Portuguese Navy, joining the Naval School in 1965 as an officer cadet, and being promoted to officer in 1966.
This was part of a programme designed to augment naval forces through short-term appointments at a time when Portugal was struggling to keep its colonies.
As part of the Companhia de Fuzileiros nº 10, he was posted between 1966 and 1969 in Angola, with the task of patrolling the Congo river between Angola and what was then the Belgian Congo.
In 1974, after the collapse of the right-wing Estado Novo, in what became known as the Carnation Revolution, he became one of the founder members of the Christian Democratic CDS – People's Party.
Described as the most English of the Portuguese and the most Portuguese of the English, Lowndes Marques was Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in the Government of Francisco Pinto Balsemão (1981-83).
Representing his minister at the Council of Minister’s meeting in Brussels, he caused confusion as the other participants assumed that he must be British and was sitting in the wrong chair.
He was also President of the Portuguese-British Chamber of Commerce; Honorary Legal Adviser to the British Ambassador; President of the British Historical Society of Portugal for 25 years; Honorary Vice-President of the Anglo-Portuguese Society; and President of the World Monuments Fund Portuguese branch.
In this capacity he was instrumental in the restoration of the Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery in Belém, which are both now popular tourist attractions for visitors to Lisbon.
He was also legal advisor to and Chairman of the Annual General Meeting of St. Julian's School (which named its library after him), the Association of Friends of Monserrate Palace at Sintra, and of an organization that funded maternity wards in the former Portuguese colony of East Timor.
Professionally, he was a director at SOPORCEL (a pulp and paper company), Executive Legal Director in the International Department of Plessey in London and Director of Plessey Automatic Electric in Portugal.
He was also Secretary-General of the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company Ltd. As a lawyer he was a member of the Portuguese, British and International Bar Associations.
As the long-time Chairman of the British Historical Society of Portugal he also produced numerous papers and articles on Portuguese history from a British perspective.
He was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (OBE), was a Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, and a Grand Officer of the Order of Infante D. Henrique.
Megalastrum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The village has 157 inhabitants and lies in the east of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 470 m. The river Westernah flows through the village.
Elections to the Ettrick and Lauderdale District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
In 1645 Nicolas Robert was invited to the Chateau de Blois by Gaston, Duke of Orléans, brother of King Louis XIII.
Following Gaston's death in 1660, the collection of vellums was left to his nephew, Louis XIV, who lodged them at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.
The collection was further enlarged during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with works by other renowned artists, such as Pierre-Joseph Redouté.
Two colleagues of de Tournefort, Sebastien Vaillant (1669-1722) and Antoine de Jussieu (1686-1758), also made use of Aubriet's talents to illustrate their works.
Elections to the Roxburgh District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Tweeddale District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Making 9 appearances, he scored 3 tries - this was an era when scoring a try only earned a single point.
From 2008 he was trained by Fenna Kügel-Seifried at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München and since 2010 by the Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding in Munich.
In 2011 he had engagements at other Munich institutions, the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz, the Bayerische Theaterakademie and in 2012 at the Prinzregententheater.
He made his debut at the and the Salzburg Festival in 2012 and since then has been a regular guest at both these venues.
In 2014 he made his debut in the Mozart Da Ponte cycle at the Theater an der Wien under the musical direction of Nikolaus Harnoncourt.
In 2015 he made his debut, again with Tamino, at the Paris Opera, at the Bayerische Staatsoper Munich and in 2017 at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden.
In 2015 his debut CD with Goethe songs by Franz Schubert was released, and in 2016 a Schumann album on Sony Classical.
The 1897 VFL Season was the Geelong Football Club's first season in the Victorian Football League and its first with Jack Conway as captain.
Geelong finished the home and away season with 11 wins and 3 losses, finishing in first position and winning the minor premiership.
This was the first ever Geelong Football Club squad in the Victorian Football League, as such, these players all made their debuts in the league.
After starting the season poorly with 3 losses in succession, Geelong rallied 11 wins in a row to finish the home and away season on the top of the ladder.
Geelong scored the highest score in the season with 114 and which remained the league record until 13 May 1899 when Essendon scored a total of 116 against Melbourne.
Christian Dashiell Ruhemann N'Guessan (born 20 October 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays for Oldham Athletic, on loan from Burnley, as a midfielder.
N'Guessan began his career with Blackpool where he went on to win the North-West Youth Alliance title and Lancashire FA Youth Cup in the 2016–17 season.
On 6 December 2016, he made the bench for the first team for an EFL Trophy defeat to Doncaster Rovers on penalties.
On 9 December 2016, he signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Bamber Bridge on a work experience loan.
In July 2017, he signed for Burnley on a two-year deal with the option of a further year, and was placed into the Development Squad.
On 2 January 2020, he signed for EFL League Two side Oldham Athletic on loan for the remainder of the season.
McNaughton was born in Peace River, Alberta and educated at the University of Alberta, Vancouver School of Theology and Columbia Theological Seminary.
Carolle J. Kitchens, who writes as Carolle J. Carter, (born July 1934) is an American historian who has written on German espionage in Ireland during World War II (1977) and on American liaison with Chinese communists in 1944-47 (1997).
She has taught at Menlo College and Foothill Community College in California as well as San Jose State University and San Jose City College.
Elections to the Clackmannan District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Falkirk District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Vermilion Peak stands to the east of the ochre beds along Ochre Creek that the Ktunaxa First Nations discovered and used for trading.
Vermilion Peak is composed of drag-folded rocks of the Goodsir Group, a sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods and pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.
Ben Swanson is the co-founder of Secretly Group, which includes independent record labels Dead Oceans, Jagjaguwar, The Numero Group and Secretly Canadian.
These labels are home to such acts as Bon Iver, The War On Drugs, Mitski, Moses Sumney, ANOHNI, Phoebe Bridgers, William Eggleston, Angel Olsen, Whitney, The Tallest Man on Earth, and comedian Tig Notaro.
In 2011, Swanson co-founded the artist management company Fort William Artist Management, with Ami Spishock, Chris Swanson, and Darius Van Arman.
Some of Fort William's clients include The War on Drugs, Fleet Foxes, Grizzly Bear, Grouplove, Kevin Morby, Beirut, and mega-producer Joe Chiccarelli among others.
Swanson also acted as the music supervisor for the film, The Good Catholic and the Tig Notaro's award-winning Netflix documentary, Tig.
Most recently, he continued work as a music supervisor for Ms. White Light, which premiered at South By Southwest in early 2019.
The horse won his first race as a 4 year old at Sydney’s Canterbury Park Racecourse when ridden by jockey Blake Shinn.
Happy Clapper finally tasted success as a 7 year old in a Group 1 race when successful in the Epsom Handicap at Randwick Racecourse.
It was the last Ladies European Tour event of the 2019 season and marked the first time professional lady golfers played competitively in the region.
During his career he was Vice-Principal and Science Lecturer at St Peter’s College, Peterborough; Warden of St Thomas’s College, Colombo; President of the University of Windsor; and a Canon of Halifax Cathedral.
Roberts Mūrnieks (4 July 1952 – 16 January 1991) was the first person killed by Soviet OMON during the Barricades in 1991 in Latvia.
In 1991 Mūrnieks was working as a driver for the Ministry of Transport as a driver, when he was short dead near Vecmīlgrāvis bridge during the events of the Barricades.
On 17 January the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia expressed condolences for Roberts Mūrnieks' death, saying it was as a result of banditry by a militia unit of the USSR Ministry of the Interior and created a commission to organise his funeral.
In 2010, Roberts Mūrnieks was awarded the Order of Viesturs for outstanding merit in defending Latvia's independence and was recognised as Commander of the Order of Viesturs.
The 2000 Queensland Cup season was the 5th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
The competition, known as the Bundy Gold Cup due to sponsorship from Bundaberg Rum, featured 12 teams playing a 26-week long season (including finals) from February to August.
The Central Capras re-branded as the Central Comets and changed their colour scheme to avoid confusion with the region's representative side.
For the 2000 season, the Brisbane Broncos and Melbourne Storm were again affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales and Norths Devils, respectively.
After using Souths Magpies and Wynnum Seagulls as feeders clubs in 1999, the Auckland Warriors used Souths as their sole feeder.
The North Queensland Cowboys did not use Cairns as their affiliate club, instead using their own team in the NSWRL's First Division competition.
Toowoomba, who finished the regular season in third, qualified for their second Grand Final after defeating Redcliffe in their major semi final.
After losing to Toowoomba they defeated Easts by 34 points in the preliminary final to set up a 1996 Grand Final rematch with the Clydesdales.
Toowoomba would finally get on the board with one minute left to play in the first when Justin Hodges stepped through a number of defenders to score under the posts.
The Dolphins regained an eight-point lead four minutes into the second half when their captain Craig O'Dwyer threw a dummy close to the line and darted over.
The try would be the last points scored in the game as Redcliffe held on to become the first club to win two Grand Finals.
Redcliffe players Adam Mogg, George Wilson, Tony Gould, Troy Lindsay, James Hinchey and Russell Lahiff became the first players to win two Grand Finals with the same club, having all been involved in Redcliffe's 1997 triumph.
Craig O'Dwyer became the second player (after Aaron Douglas a year earlier) to win two Grand Finals with two different clubs, winning his first with Norths in 1998.
The 2020 Italian Basketball Cup, known as the 2020 Zurich Connect Final Eight for sponsorship reasons, is the 52nd edition of Italy's national cup tournament.
The tournament will be played from 13 to 16 February 2020 in Pesaro, at the end of the first half of the 2019–20 LBA season.
Qualified for the tournament are selected based on their position on the league table at the end of the first half of the 2019–20 LBA regular season.
Manushya Maha Sringhala was a human chain formed on 26 January 2020 across the Indian state of Kerala to protest against the Citizenship Amendment Act and the proposed National Register of Citizens.
The chain was formed by approximately 6 to 7 million people and extended for a distance of 620 kilometers (320 miles) stretching north to south from Kasaragod to Kaliyikkavila.
The chain was completed at 16:00 Indian Standard Time (+5:30 GMT) when the participants read out the preamble of the Constitution of India and swore an oath to protect it.
The act grants Indian citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians who claim to be from Pakistan, Bangladesh or Afghanistan and reduces the period of naturalization.
The Ministry of Home Affairs has also introduced the proposal for implementing a National Register of Citizens (NRC) for all citizens of India.
The NRC was first implemented in Assam, which excluded 1.9 million individuals who were declared illegal immigrants and sent to detention camps.
The NRC was criticized for being deeply flawed and acting on the basis of guilt until proven innocent thereby providing the possibility of genuine citizens being rendered stateless by the process.
The passage of the CAA led to widespread protests across India with the ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party being accused of religious discrimination in providing citizenship and attempting to disenfranchise and segregate millions of Muslims with the continued insistence on implementing a nationwide NRC.
In Kerala, the ruling Left Democratic Front coalition and the opposition United Democratic Front coalition granted joint support to the protests across India.
Following the resolution, the government of Kerala filed a lawsuit against the government of India for violating the provisions of fundamental rights and secularism granted by the Constitution of India.
The state of Kerala has experienced widespread protests against CAA and NRC while Pinarayi Vijayan, the Chief Minister of Kerala has stated that the state will remain at the forefront to defend the Constitution of India.
On 26 January 2020, the 71st Republic Day of India, the Left Democratic Front organized one of the largest event of protest with a continuous human chain pledging to defend the Constitution of India which stretched from the northernmost end of the administrative border of Kerala to the southernmost end.
The chain passed through the districts of Kasaragod, Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram, respectively in sequence.
The districts of Wayanad and idukki were not a part of the main chain but separate parallel chains were formed in them.
The human chain was organised with the help of transportation provided by the Left Democratic Front to connect the less populated parts along national highways.
At 15:30 Indian Standard Time (3:30 PM), leaflets of the pledge were distributed and a rehearsal was held with directions issued through microphones.
At 16:00 Indian Standard Time (4:00 PM), the chain was formally formed when the participants read out the preamble to the Constitution of India and then took the pledge.
The chain was dispersed at 16:15 Indian Standard Time (4:15 PM) and public meeting were held at 250 locations in the state.
Chief Minister, Pinarayi Vijayan and Communist Party of India state secretary, Kanam Rajendran joined the chain in the capital of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram at Martyr's square, Palayam.
The human chain once formed at 16:00 Indian Standard Time (4:00 PM), read out the preamble to the Constitution of India and then took an oath to protect the Constitution.
As a correspondent she has covered two United States Presidential elections and for a show titled 'Save India’s Coast' she travelled India's entire coastline reporting on the environmental destruction taking place along it.
She completed her Bachelor of Economics degree from St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai and a Master’s degree in Broadcast and Documentary Journalism from New York University as a Wall Street Journal Asia Fellow (Dow Jones Foundation).
Gallium nitride and zinc oxide can also be regarded as a ceramic due to its relatively wide band gap, that can generate an instantaneous polarisation inside their lattice on application of a force.
Further, inorganic ceramic PM have several advantages over single crystal, such as the ease of fabrication into a variety of shapes and sizes as single crystals requires cutting along the crystallographic directions, thus minimising the possibilities of cutting into different shapes.
Piezoelectric polymers (PVDF, 240 mV-m/N) possess higher piezoelectric stress constants (g), an important parameter in sensors, than ceramics (PZT, 11 mV-m/N), which show that they can be better sensors than ceramics.
Moreover, piezoelectric polymeric sensors and actuators, due to their processing flexibility, can be readily manufactured into large areas, and cut into a variety of shapes.
In addition polymers also exhibit high strength, high impact resistance, low dielectric constant, low elastic stiffness, and low density, thereby a high voltage sensitivity which is a desirable characteristic along with low acoustic and mechanical impedance useful for medical and underwater applications.
This resulted in the development of PZT-polymer composites, and the feasible integration of functional PM composites on large scale, by simple thermal welding or by conforming processes.
Several approaches towards lead-free ceramic PM have been reported, such as piezoelectric single crystals (langasite), and ferroelectric ceramics with a perovskite structure and bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSF), which have been extensively researched.
Also, several ferroelectrics with perovskite-structure (BaTiO [BT], (BiNa) TiO [BNT], (BiK) TiO [BKT], KNbO [KN], (K, Na) NbO [KNN]) have been investigated for their piezoelectric properties.
Taj Sehrai (Sindhi:تاج صحرائي ) (Urdu:تاج صحرائی) (14 September 1921 – 29 October 2002) was a prominent Pakistani author and archaeologist from Sindh, Pakistan.
The straight to slightly curved, leathery phyllodes are very narrowly elliptic, and 1.5-4.5 cm by 1.4-5.2 mm, and have prominent stomata, with 1 or more prominent veins and indistinct parallel minor veins.
The woody, straight-sided, flat pods are oblanceolate, narrowing toward the base and 2-5 cm by 4-9 mm, and have oblique striations.
It usually grows in eucalypt forest and woodland on grey sandy podsols, on laterite and bauxite on stony sandstone ridges and gorges.
It is found in the Bioregions of Arnhem Coast, Arnhem Plateau, Central Arnhem, Gulf Fall and Uplands, Pine Creek, and Tiwi Cobourg.
The 1995 Súðavík avalanche was an avalanche that struck the small fishing village of Súðavík in Iceland’s Westfjords on 16 January 1995, killing 14 people, including eight children, and injuring twelve.
The disaster, along with the avalanche that killed 20 in Flateyri later in the year, had a profound effect on the nation and sparked a massive buildup of avalanche dams to protect towns in danger zones.
On 16 January 1995, at 6:25 in the morning during a major storm, a 400 metres wide avalanche hit the village, destroying fifteen homes that housed 26 people.
Four minutes later, the police in neighbouring town Ísafjörður receive a distress call from the town while resident who were unaffected by the avalanche immediately mounted a search and rescue operation and set up a rescue center in the local fishing factory, named Frosti.
Shortly later, fishing trawlers owned by Frosti, who were moored nearby due to the weather, tried to illuminate the area with spotlights.
Due to extremely bad weather conditions, road access to the town was cut off and rescue units, many of them volunteers, had to be brought by boats from Ísafjörður.
Two hours after the avalanche, the first SAR members, along with rescue dogs, doctors and nurses, sailed from Ísafjörður with the ferry Fagranes and arrived roughly an hour later.
Later in the day, the Icelandic Coast Guard Vessel Týr undertook a 20-hour voyage from Reykjavík through the storm with additional rescue units, medical staff and supplies.
At 19:30, a second avalanche, 100 meter wide, hits the town and damages several unoccupied houses, including the power station, knocking out power to the town.
Due to the loss of power, the rescue command and control center is moved from the fish factory to the ferry Fagranes.
The wave smassed all windows in the bridge and rendered the ships navigational equipment non operational, forcing it to abandon its mission and seek shelter.
Several houses still stand in the old part of the town but overnight stay there is forbidden during the winter time.
The disaster, along with the 1995 Flateyri avalanche, also raised awareness to the dangers settlements in the country faced from avalanches as well as to the psychological trauma the survivors and the rescuers faced in the aftermath.
Pierre de Mirmande was a French dignitary of the Order of Saint-John of Jerusalem from the end of the 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century.
The French historian Augustin Chassaing wrote about him : « This is an interesting and very rare chance to meet the starting point in the West of an Hospitaller, called to command, thirty years later in the East, one of the most important places of war of the order ».
According to acts of January 1193 and September 1199, he was castellan of the Crac des Chevaliers under the magisterium of Geoffroy de Donjon elected around January 1193.
On March 4, 1202, we know that he is the Grand Commander of the order, still under the magisterium of Geoffroy de Donjon who will disappear after the summer of 1202.
It's in this context that on March 23, 1203, Pierre de Mirmande left on a diplomatic mission alongside Philippe du Plaissis, Grand Master of the Order of the Temple and Soffredo Gaetani, legate of Pope Innocent III.
The seat of the sub provincial area, it lies on Suafa Bay, within Malaita Province, along the road between Auki and Lau Lagoon.
There is a long white, sandy beach on the coast, with the small island of Mbasakana about off the shore at .
Greentea Peng, real name Aria Wells, is a neo-soul and self-described 'psychedelic R'n'B singer and songwriter from south east London, UK.
Her stage name is taken from her love of green tea, and the London slang word 'peng' - which means attractive or tasty.
As well as her music, she is known for her distinctive fashion style with full body tattoos and lots of piercings and jewellery.
In October 2019 she was also part of a promotional campaign for the sportswear brand Adidas, featuring poster advertisements and commissioned remix collaborations between up and coming artists from around the world.
In January 2020, Greentea Peng was featured in The Observer newspapers' 20 for 2020 list of rising stars in music, media and culture.
Elections to the Stirling District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Annandale and Eskdale District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Nithsdale District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
In January 2020, with shares in Proya closing at a record high, Hou had an estimate net worth of US$1.2 billion.
In the first three quarters of 2019, Proya's revenue was 2.1 billion yuan and profit was 240 million yuan, both up nearly one-third, year on year.
While studying at Oxford, Brown made three appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Lancashire, Gloucestershire, and Nottinghamshire in 1988.
Starting at Barings Bank in 1989, he emigrated to Hong Kong in 1993 to work for the bank as their head of investment banking in Hong Kong, a position he held until 2004, at which point he became the head of corporate clients for Asia.
Isabel Margaret de Madariaga (27 August 1919 – 16 June 2014) was a British historian who specialised on Russia in the 18th century and Catherine the Great.
She published six books on Russia and is credited for changing the perception of Catherine the Great amongst Russian and Western scholars.
Born to a Spanish diplomat and a Scottish economic historian, she was taught at 16 schools during her childhood and earned a first-class honours degree in Russian language and literature at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES).
De Madariaga worked for BBC Monitoring in the Second World War, and was a civil servant at the Ministry of Information and HM Treasury.
She was the younger daughter of the Spanish diplomat and writer Salvador de Madariaga and the Scottish economic historian Constance Helen Margaret (née Archibald).
As a consequence of her father's career, De Madariaga lived in Geneva during her early years because he was working for the League of Nations before he moved to Paris to be the United States ambassador for the Spanish republic.
She was taught at sixteen different schools, including Miss Woods’s school in Headington, the International School of Geneva and Instituto-Escuela in Madrid.
She learnt to play the piano in the ballroom of the Spanish Embassy and met a wide variety of cultured individuals such as Maurice Ravel.
At the age of 18, De Madariaga went to London and was the first woman undergraduate student to enroll on a Russian language and literature degree at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSESS).
Because she was a polyglot, the BBC employed her to work as a monitor of enemy broadcasts for BBC Monitoring in Evesham from 1940 to 1943.
She later moved to London to work as a temporary civil servant at the Ministry of Information and later at HM Treasury's economic information unit between 1947 and 1948.
Due to De Madariaga being married, she found it difficult to forge a career in academia and held a series of part-time positions at the London School of Economics.
Because she resided in Highgate, she lectured at the University of Sussex from 1966 to 1968 and then the Lancaster University between 1968 and 1971.
Three years later, she returned to the SSESS to be appointed a reader in Russian studies and remained in the post until 1981.
Few research students studied under De Madariaga by the time she retired in 1984 and notable ones included Janet M. Hartley and Pia Pera.
She had helped to establish the Russian Studies course, was chairperson of its Academic Assembly and served as a member of its Council when it was under threat of closure.
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991 allowed her works to be published in Russia and to be used by the country's historians.
After a series of operations, which did not bring about an improvement in her condition, De Madariaga died of bronchopneumonia at the Royal Free Hospital, London Borough of Camden on 16 June 2014.
De Madariaga was credited for transforming the study of Russia in the 18th century and had changed perception on how Catherine the Great and Ivan the Terrible were viewed by scholars and Russian and Western historians.
Allosaurus jimmadseni is a newly discovered (2020) species of meat-eating dinosaur unveiled at the Natural History Museum of Utah in 2020.
Salamon started playing water polo in 1949, and joined the Hungarian National Team and won a silver medal at the Universiade Games in Paris.
He organized, directed, or officiated many water polo events between 1970 and 2004, including ten Olympic Games and every World championship.
It is the fifth year in the reign of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X), and is reckoned as year 2563 in the Buddhist Era.
Carley Hill is bordered by Witherwack to the north west, Marley Pots to the south west and High Southwick to the direct south.
Carley Hill is part of the Southwick ward, and is currently represented on Sunderland City Council by three Labour Party councillors.
The area is part of the Sunderland Central constituency represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by Labour Party MP Julie Elliott.
The Eastern Range stretches roughly from NNE to SSW for along the eastern part of the peninsula between the southern Karaginsky Gulf at the northern end and Avacha Bay at the southern.
The central Kamchatka Depression, with the valley of the Kamchatka River, separates the Eastern Range from the Middle Range of the peninsula to the west.
The main part of the Eastern Range is part of the East Kamchatka Anticline dating back to the Cenozoic orogeny, composed of Upper Cretaceous sediments and volcanic rocks, such as basalt and tuff.
Some geographic works include the Kluchevskaya group of volcanoes, highest point , as well as the Gamchen Range, highest point , as part of the Eastern Range.
The first is located to the west of the Kumroch Range and the other to the east of the Tumrok Range.
The Eastern Kamchatka zone of recent and ongoing volcanic eruptions is around the area where the Valagin and the Tumrok ranges meet, with a number of active volcanoes, such as the Kizimen, Shiveluch and Karymskaya Sopka.
The lower parts of the slopes of the Eastern Range are covered in birch and fir forests and dwarf cedar shrub, as well as rhododendron.
Elections to the Wigtown District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Stewartry District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
It was initially conceived as a fever hospital and the foundation stone was laid by the Mayor of Barnsley in March 1889.
In 1892 77 cases of smallpox were admitted to the hospital but 21 of these cases were attributed to an infected tailor who had overpowered his nurse and escaped the hospital stark naked.
In 1979 it was announced that £6 million was to be spent on the hospital to provide facilities for the mentally ill and severely mentally infirm old people.
Named after the bird of the same name, she was built by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Greenock, on the banks of the River Clyde.
On 20th March 1945 HMS Lapwing was escorting part of the Russian Convoy JW 165 to Murmansk, when she was torpedoed by the German submarine U-968.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there are three different tiers, called groups, in which teams compete against each other to advance to the upper tier.
Teams who lose their respective ties will compete in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lose their play-offs will be relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 1995.
It is hosted by the cookery writers and bloggers Henry Firth and Ian Theasby, a duo known as BOSH!, and produced by Rock Oyster Media.
Each episode features a series of recipes cooked by Firth and Theasby, and a guest who talks with the hosts about food and their work.
They pitched the idea to a range of production companies, but had no success, and started to wonder if their approach was the right one.
The programme was commissioned for ITV by the network's commissioning editor for daytime entertainment Lara Akeju and the commissioning assistant Leanne Clarke.
The first episode, which was aired on 12 January 2020, featured sponsorship from the supermarket Waitrose, along with ITV's other Sunday morning cookery programming.
The tournament is played at the Evian Resort Golf Club in France and has since 2014 served as European qualifying competition for the Evian Championship, the continental Europe women's major.
Amathusia binghami is a butterfly found in Peninsular Malaya and Sumatra It belongs to the Satyrinae, a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies.
The 2001 Queensland Cup season was the 6th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
The competition, known as the Bundy Gold Cup due to sponsorship from Bundaberg Rum, featured 11 teams playing a 26-week long season (including finals) from March to September.
The number of teams in the Queensland Cup was reduced from 12 to 11 in 2001 with the withdrawal of inaugural club, the Cairns Cyclones.
For the 2001 season, the Brisbane Broncos and Melbourne Storm were again affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales and Norths Devils, respectively.
After earning a bye in the first week of the finals, they lost their second game of the season to Redcliffe in the major semi final.
This forced them into the preliminary final, where they defeated Burleigh to set up a Grand Final rematch with the Dolphins, their third meeting in a Grand Final.
Redcliffe finished the regular season in third and qualified for their third straight Grand Final after defeating the Clydesdales in Week 2.
Redcliffe got off to the best start possible when centre Jason Webber scored inside the first minute after a Toowoomba error.
The scores were then levelled when Tony Duggan dived on a loose ball in the in-goal and Damien Quinn converted from the sideline.
The lead was short lived, as Redcliffe tied the game two minutes before the break when winger George Wilson crossed out wide.
The Dolphins came out firing after half time, scoring inside three minutes when bench forward Andrew Wynyard broke through for a try.
The scoreline remained unchanged for the next 20 minutes until a Ken McGuinness cutout pass saw Quinn score in the corner.
With 30 seconds left on the clock and Toowoomba pressuring Redcliffe's try line, halfback Casey McGuire scored next to the posts to level the scores at 26-all.
Five years later, Toowoomba pair Brent Tate and Casey McGuire won an NRL premiership with the Brisbane Broncos, when they defeated the Melbourne Storm in the 2006 Grand Final.
Holly Cairns (born 4 November 1989) is an environmental campaigner and an Irish Social Democrats politician who is currently running as a candidate in the Cork South West Dáil constituency in the 2020 Irish general election.
She was elected to Cork County Council for the Bantry–West Cork area in 2019, and is the Social Democrats spokesperson for agriculture.
Born on a farm in West Cork, Cairns is a farmer working in the family business, Brown Envelope Seeds, producing organic seeds.
Cairns was a co-founder of the Social Democrats in Cork South-West, setting up the branch after meeting like-minded activists working with Together for Yes during the campaign for the repeal of the eighth amendment, which outlawed abortion in Ireland.
Cairns was elected to Cork County Council for the Bantry–West Cork area in the 2019 local elections, winning the last seat by a single vote, after several rechecks and a recount.
As early as the 3 November, at the very beginning of the November Revolution, the Social Democratic Party member of parliament (later Minister of State) and Würzburg resident Fritz Endres publicly demanded the introduction of the soviet republic.
This demand was fulfilled on the 9 November after the monarchy was successfully overthrown in Munich on the night of November 8.
Sharavegada Saradara () is a 1989 Indian Kannada action film starring Kumar Bangarappa, Ashwini Bhave and Poonam Javeri in the lead roles.
Vishwanath Rai is a wealthy and kind hearted businessman who has gained immense respect among the common people through his deeds.
Naganna, his brother-in-law, plots against him so as to execute some of his wicked schemes and make it big in the field of black money.
The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International ranked Norway as the 7th least corrupt country in the world in its evaluation of corruption in 180 countries.
In 2017 Norway was ranked the most corrupt country in Scandinavia after Yara International, Telenor, Statoil, Norsk Hydro and Kongsberg, all large Norwegian companies in which the state government owns substantial stakes, faced corruption charges.
As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 590 where 318 are men and 272 are women.
The four-reel crime drama was based on the 1911 novel of the same name by W. B. Maxwell to a script by Harold Weston, who was also the Director.
Amathusia friderici is a butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm It belongs to the Satyrinae, a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies.
The fringe in 1a is black-brown and just crosses vein 1a .The upper hairs of the abdominal hair pencil are dark grey-brown; the lower hairs are light yellowish buff.
Ratshesky was born in Boston in 1866, the son of Jewish immigrants Asher and Bertha Ratshesky., He attended Boston Latin School but did not graduate.
Elections to the Badenoch and Strathspey District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
In January 2020, at the age of 16, she was named in India's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup.
Fernando Cordero Rusque (died 24 January 2020) was a Chilean military officer and politician who served as the General Director of Carabineros and as a Senator.
Elections to the Caithness District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Karen Holdsworth ( Moody, also Goldhawk, 2 August 1960 - 30 April 2013) was a British marathon runner, who won the 1983 Berlin Marathon.
Niall Brassil (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club James Stephens and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team.
In January 2020, at the age of 15, she was selected in Pakistan's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup.
As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 976 where 522 are men and 454 are women.
Rastrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar College of Engineering (RRSDCE), is a government engineering college under Department of Science & Technology, Government of Bihar.
To participate in the counselling process of the Board, students must have appeared in Joint Entrance Examination – Main of that admission year.
In the 1950s and 1960s he owned and operated a publishing company, a daily newspaper and a monthly magazine in New Brunswick.
His eye was pierced by a thorn when his horse jumped a gate overhung with blackthorn and an operation to save his sight was unsuccessful.
He designed a multi-barrelled rocket launcher known as a land mattress, which the British army tested in 1944 but chose not to use on the battlefield.
Wardell subsequently worked with Lt. Col. Eric Harris, a Canadian artillery officer, to finish developing the land mattress in September 1944.
In the summer of 1950 Wardell and Beaverbrook visited Beaverbrook's home province of New Brunswick to go salmon fishing on the Restigouche River at the invitation of the province's premier, John B. McNair.
With the financial backing of Beaverbrook and others, including Sir James Dunn, he also acquired a printing company and a retail store selling books and stationery.
Wardell invested heavily in the venture, purchasing a new headquarters building in downtown Fredericton and a sophisticated printing press which he imported from England.
The book publishing arm of the University Press of New Brunswick published New Brunswick authors, beginning with a novel by Grace Helen Mowat in 1951.
The first seven issues contained a serialized memoir by Lord Beaverbrook in which he described his youth and early business career in New Brunswick.
These included opposition to restrictive liquor laws and municipal water fluoridation and promotion of efforts to save Fredericton's elm trees from Dutch elm disease.
Beaverbrook did not approve of Wardell's lavish spending on such items as new state of the art darkroom equipment, and advised him against adding the book imprint, commercial printing operation, etc.
In 1957, when he needed cash to repay a financial backer, he raised the money by selling a minority stake in the University Press of New Brunswick to the New Brunswick businessman K. C. Irving.
Like his earlier acquisition of part ownership, the buyout remained a secret until 11 March 1969 when it was revealed on the floor of the Senate of Canada by New Brunswick Liberal senator Charles McElman.
As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 566 where 298 are men and 268 are women.
Adenike Titilope Oladosu (born September 30, 1994) is a Nigerian climate activist, eco-feminist and the initiator of the Fridays For Future movement in Nigeria.
She was recognized as one of the 3 young black climate activists in Africa trying to save the world alongside Vanessa Nakate and Elizabeth Wathuti by Greenpeace UK for the UK black history month and in December 2019, Oladosu attended COP25 gathering in Spain as a Nigerian youth delegate where she gave a moving address about climate change in Africa and how it affect lives.
She started her educational journey at GSS Gwagwalada Abuja, and then proceeded to University of Agriculture, Markurdi where she earned a first class degree in Agricultural Economics.
She saw farmers and herdsmen angry because their land was becoming more arid and other communities who had never faced flooding were having their farm lands swept away.
In 2019, Oladosu was the recipient of the Ambassador of Conscience Award from Amnesty International Nigeria and she spoke to world leaders at the UN youth climate summit.
She attended the 2019 Climate change conference in Madrid along with Greta Thunberg where she drew the attention of world leaders towards the Nigeria and Africa climate movement.
Elections to the Inverness District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Elections to the Lochaber District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.
Najwa Musa Konda (alternative spellings: Nagwa, Kinda, Kunda) (born 1976) is a Sudanese women's rights activist and civil society leader for the Two Areas (South Kordofan and Blue Nile).
Najwa Musa Konda was born as a Christian Otoro Nuba in 1976 in the village of Kambara, near the small town of Kauda.
Despite experiencing some prejudice against both her dark skin and her Christianity, Najwa Musa Konda won a scholarship to Ahfad University for Women in Omdurman.
In 2006, as a UNICEF representative, she was helping to provide schooling at the camp for displaced people near Kauda in South Kordofan.
In May 2012 she was among 150 signatories of a joint letter by civil society leaders imploring US and China to help solve Sudan/South Sudan conflict.
In February 2014 the SPLM-N named her as one of seven national experts to join their delegation to peace talks with the government.
In 2016 Malik Agar appointed her to a committee charged with implementing a UN action plan to end SPLM-N's recruitment of child soldiers.
Speaking on International Women's Day in March 2017, Musa highlighted the high rate of maternal mortality, domestic violence against women, child marriage and female genital mutilation in the Two Areas.
Like the Dedications side, Coe closes the album with a rocker in the form of the title track, which addresses the emotional tailspin of losing a father and gaining a child at the same time.
AllMusic: This set yielded some of the strongest Coe songs of the 1980s (and that's saying something): ‘Jody Like a Melody,’ ‘If Only Your Eyes Could Lie,’ and ‘The Ten Commandments of Love.’ And ‘Southern Star,’ with its searing lyric and screaming guitar solos, is among his most under-recognized, poetic tomes worthy of being recorded by .38 Special or Lynyrd Skynyrd.
The 1987 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Alyeska Resort in Girdwood, Alaska as part of the 34th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.
Defending champions Utah, coached by Pat Miller, claimed their fifth team national championship, 83 points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.
She performed in operettas and revues in Vienna and Berlin before she was forced to emigrate to the United States in 1938.
Born in Wiener Neustadt on 3 June 1887, Camilla Frydan was the daughter of the bank employee Heinrich Herzl and his wife Cäcilie {née Königsberger).
In 1901, she received further instruction in piano from Wilhelm Rauch at the conservatory as well as private lessons from the English concert pianist John Charles Mynotti.
In 1907, she was engaged as a soubrette by the Raimund Theater and went on to work at the Neue Wiener Bühne and the Fledermaus cabaret.
It was at the Fledermaus that she met Egon Friedell and his fellow performers, including his brother Oskar Friedmann, a librettist and journalist, whom she married on 15 July 1910 in the Evangelical Church in central Vienna.
Thanks to her husband, she also befriended several of the most successful composers of the times, including Franz Lehár, Edmund Eysler and Carl Michael Ziehrer.
She returned to Vienna in 1937 but owing to her Jewish background, from March 1939 she was threatened by the Nazi occupation.
Her brother in law, Egon Friedell, committed suicide by jumping out of the window when members of the SA visited his apartment.
Before they could be arrested, Frydan and her son managed to escape a few days later, first to Switzerland where she spent a year in Zurich.
The 2008 NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championships were the 62nd annual men's and 26th annual women's championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.
When Augusto Pinochet overthrew the Chilean government in 1973 and assumed power, Sierra and her husband, a fellow communist, stayed in the country.
After her husband and a friend disappeared after they were arrested by the police on 15 December 1976, she became the president of a campaign group called Relatives of the Detained-Disappeared.
The group campaigned to find out the truth about what happened to hundreds of people who disappeared during Pinochet's reign and bring the people responsible to justice.
Even after a new government came to power, Sierra and other people with missing relatives were not told the truth and due to an amnesty agreement, those responsible were protected from punishment and so continued to campaign.
Amathusia masina is a butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm It belongs to the Satyrinae, a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies.
Established in 1993 with the involvement of Yousif Kuwa, the NRRDO provides the people of the Nuba Mountains with food, cooking oil, clothing and education.
James Lockhart (born May 15, 1974) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 3rd district from 2010 to 2016.
He won the gold medal in the men's freestyle 86 kg event at the 2019 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.
Amathusia schoenbergi is a butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm It belongs to the Satyrinae, a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies.
Male upper hindwing has a hair pencil (scent pencil-a dorsal glandular fold or oval shaped depression on the wing membrane covered by pencils of long hairs) .
Lorenzato paintings also have a very characteristic pattern made by the use of vivid colors mixed with an adapted comb that left shades and texture at the canvases.
Born in 1900 in Belo Horizonte to Italian immigrants, Lorenzato began working as a painter’s assistant at a very early age.
However, in the late 1920s, due to the outbreak of Spanish flu that hit Brazil, Lorenzato and his family returned to Italy, where he became a wall painter in the reconstruction of the town of Arsiero, destroyed during the First World War.
A self-taught artist, he educated himself in the major renaissance historical movements, and after a short enrollment at the Reale Accademia delle Arti in Vicenza in 1925, he engaged at a year-long cycling trip across Europe with a Dutch painter that he had met, Cornelius Keesman.
At this life-changing trip, they had a chance to expand their horizons as encountering works by artists such as Matisse and Picasso.
It was only after sustaining an injury to his leg in 1956 that Lorenzato committed himself to full time painting, and settled back into Belo Horizonte where he developed most of his work.
Lorenzato painting reflected everyday life, and his creative process involved long walks around his home and in the countryside, making drawings and sketches that he would later translate to paintings from memory.
Lorenzato’s compositions used a rich palette of self-made pigments to describe his surroundings by reduced geometric forms and richly textured surfaces that were filled with veers into abstraction through the use of handmand tools, usually brushes, combs, and forks.
Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytsky (; 27 October 1919, Vienna, Austria – 25 April 1984, Edmonton, Alberta) — Ukrainian historian, political scientist, publicist; full member of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S. and the Shevchenko Scientific Society of Canada.
His father, Pavlo Lysiak, was a prominent lawyer, editor and contributor to many Ukrainian publications, ambassador of the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) to the Polish Sejm in 1938–1939.
Ivan's mother, Milena Rudnytska, was an ambassador of the UNDO to the Polish Sejm (1928-1935), chairman of the Ukrainian Women's Union in Lviv (1928-1939) and of the Ukrainian Women's World Union (since 1934).
Among them are literary scholar, publicist and translator Mykhailo Rudnytsky (1889–1975), lawyer and well-known public figure Volodymyr Rudnytsky (1890–1974) and composer and musician Antin Rudnytsky (1902-1975).
In 1925-29 he studied at the Ukrainian elementary school, and from 1929 to 1937 — at the Academic Gymnasium in Lviv, the oldest Ukrainian Gymnasium not only in Galicia, but throughout Ukraine.
After the war he moved to Austria, and in 1947 to Geneva (Switzerland), where he attended lectures at the Institute for Higher International Studies.
In February 1956 he was promoted to assistant professor at a local Catholic educational institution — La Salle College (Philadelphia), where he taught courses in Russian history and recent Western European history.
Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytsky wrote works on the history of Ukraine, Ukrainian political thought of the XIX-XX centuries and the theory of the nation.
The center of philosophical interests of the scientist was historical knowledge, in the center of his historiographic interests — the history of Ukrainian socio-political thought from the middle of the XIX century to the 30's of the XX century.
The leading theme is the fate of Ukraine in recent history, first of all the analysis of the decisive tendencies of its political changes in the context of the modern world process and political forecasting.
The most tangible in the work of the historian is the influence of the philosophy of Hegel's history, his thoughts on the objective logic presence in the historical process and the possibility of freedom only in the rule of law.
The cable with run between the Lovedean substation in Hampshire in England to the Barnabos substation in the Normandy region of France.
The route is 242km long, with 187km under the sea, 25km on land in the UK and 30km on land in France.
The HVDC link will consist of four main cables, together with two much thinner fibre optic cables for operational control and communications.
The link will be built as two separate 1000MW circuits, each with their own control and protection systems and auxiliary power supplies.
In July 2019, Portsmouth council formally objected to the plans, on the grounds that it would cause unacceptable disruption in an intensively built-up area.
After leaving school, she studied level 3 musical theatre taking a two-year vocational acting (Musical Theatre) course, at the Colchester Institute, followed by a four-year course at the East 15 Acting School in Loughton, Essex where she graduated with a performing arts degree.
In 2020 she was promoted to be a main character alongside co-stars Emma Mackey, Asa Butterfield, Ncuti Gatwa and Gillian Anderson.
Edward Whately Pyddoke (1909 – 8 September 1976) was a British archaeologist, antiquarian, and author on archaeological and related subjects, who served as Secretary and Registrar for the University of London Institute of Archaeology.
Pyddoke was the elder of two sons (he also had a younger sister) of Henry Whately Pyddoke, of Bonnyrigg, Tonbridge, Kent, formerly of Oxhill, Loughton, Essex, and Edith, daughter of Major John Wilson, of the Scots Greys.
Henry Pyddoke was involved in the social reform activities undertaken by Toynbee Hall, founded by Samuel Barnett, at whose request he undertook an investigation in the winter of 1894 into the casual ward system, involving over six hundred interviews.
The Pyddoke family were minor gentry, originally gunmakers named Whately (also Whateley) who through a marriage in the 1700s inherited the estate of the Piddock family (including The Austins, at Handsworth, Staffordshire) and adopted that family's name.
He was educated at Tonbridge School in Kent, then at the University of London Institute of Archaeology in their first cohort of students for the Postgraduate Diploma of Prehistoric Archaeology, in 1946/ 7; amongst the five other students were Grace Simpson and Nancy Sandars.
Based at St John's Lodge, Regent's Park, London, they were taught by eminent archaeologists including V. Gordon Childe, Kathleen Kenyon, F. E. Zeuner, and Stuart Piggott.
Pyddoke had worked for the Anglo-American Oil Company in 1939 and for the Bank of England Exchange Control prior to his archaeological studies; from 1948 to 1951, he was curator at the museum at Lewes, Sussex, before in 1951 taking over from Dr Ian Cornwall as Secretary and Registrar at the University of London Institute of Archaeology, serving in this capacity until 1955.
The 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championships were the 63rd annual men's and 27th annual women's championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.
Amathusia ochraceofusca is a butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm It belongs to the Satyrinae, a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies.
The film follows middle-aged Vietnamese couple Paul and Millie Cao preparing for ballroom dancing in suburban Los Angeles 40 years after their separation due to the Vietnam War.
Wise is said to have been one of the few individuals who were officially authorized to use the torture technique known as Waterboarding.
However, on January 25, 2020, while testifying before a Guantanamo Military Commission over his own role in the torture program, outside psychologist James Mitchell said Wise was more extreme than he was, that he went far beyond the authorized techniques.
The lac Le Gardeur (English: Le Gardeur Lake) is a freshwater body in the head area of the Sainte-Anne Ouest River in the unorganized territory of Lac-Croche , in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.
The surface of Lac Le Gardeur is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March .
The Le Gardeur Lake has a length of , a width of and its surface is at an altitude of .
Lac Le Gardeur is supplied with water on the northwest side by the outlet of the Sainte-Anne Ouest River (outlet of Fairchild Lake), as well as by the outlet (coming from the northeast) of Lakes Runan and Mancion.
From the mouth of Lac Le Gardeur, the current descends on following the course of the Sainte-Anne Ouest River until the confluence of the Neilson River; on south by the Bras du Nord; on south-west via the Sainte-Anne River to the northeast bank of the Saint Lawrence river.
The Hinterhoeller F3 (or F 3) is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Argentine naval architect Germán Frers as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1981.
The F3 design moulds were later sold and the boat was developed into the Carroll Marine F36 in 1982, with a new deck and coach house design.
It was later further developed into the Frers 36 and during its production run saw many changes to the rig, rudder and keel designs.
It has a masthead sloop rig with running backstays and aluminum spars, a raked stem, a raised sharp reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
Later production versions had a taller rig, with a mast about higher and 6.4% more sail area; a longer keel, giving a draft of and a lighter displacement.
There are eight winches provided, four on the coach house roof got the halyards and the spinnaker, plus four cockpit winches for the genoa sheeting.
The hospital was established when a private house, previously owned by the Cooper family, was converted into a tuberculosis sanatorium in May 1915.
Many of the older buildings were subsequently demolished and the site was redeveloped as a geriatric hospital with the new facilities being officially opened by the Princess Royal in 1961.
This list of anthropology awards is an index to articles about notable awards given for contributions to anthropology, the scientific study of humans, human behavior and societies in the past and present.
Jureit then worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Bielefeld University and then supervised a research project within the framework of the University of Hamburg's special university program.
She is a staff member at the Hamburg Institute for Social Research and has been a guest researcher at the Hamburg Foundation for the Promotion of Science and Culture since 2004.
Jureit played a major role in the so-called Second Wehrmachtsausstellung, in which War crimes of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War were thematized.
The 2020 World Athletics Continental Tour is an annual series of elite track and field athletic competitions, recognised by World Athletics (formerly known as the IAAF).
The Tour forms the second tier of international one-day meetings after the Diamond League except in the 200m, 3000m steeplechase, discus, hammer and triple jump, where it forms the top-tier, these events having been removed from the Diamond League from 2020.
Jennifer D. Luff is a historian of twentieth-century politics and state development in the United States and the United Kingdom and an associate professor of history at Durham University in the Durham University Department of History.
Luff received her BA in English literature from Ohio State University in 1992 and her Ph.D. in American studies from the College of William and Mary in 2005.
Between 1998 and 2006 she worked as a strategist and campaigner on union organizing drives for the United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO, Service Employees International Union, and the Change to Win Federation.
While at the AFL-CIO, she co-authored an article on the history of organizing with Sam Luebke, the director of the Organizing Institute.
From 2009 to 2013 Luff served as the founding research director of Georgetown University’s Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor.
She also led a digital history project that documented the history of the Justice for Janitors campaign in the 1980s and 1990s in Washington, DC.
Luff has taught history as a visiting professor at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Irvine; and Georgetown University.
In 2006-2007 she was the inaugural postdoctoral fellow at New York University’s Center for the United States and the Cold War, and in 2007-2008 she was a postdoctoral fellow at UCLA’s Institute for Research on Labor and Employment.
Lambert was unopposed for re-election in 2019; he has not faced an opponent from either party since his first election in 2003.
She criticized the development of the so-called cow trainers, who are using electric shocks to force the cows to put their dung into the chute.
In addition, she doesn't think it's right that the cows are often no longer able to be outside, but are locked up.
A collaboration between Forslund and Lindgren follows, in which Astrid Lindgren brings in her journalistic skills and Forslund her specialist knowledge.
In the articles, Lindgren and Forslund mainly criticize agricultural policy, the industrialization of agriculture and less the farmers, who, according to the authors, also want that the animals are well.
The book contains both articles that Astrid Lindgren and Kristina Forslund wrote for newspapers, as well as personal letters in which the authors criticize the treatment of animals in factory farming.
The authors also write about how they started to work together and how they feel about the change in the Animal Welfare Act.
Next to this Forslund has published a few of the articles on her website, where she also mentions what kind of changes came with the new law.
Lindgren does not make any naive arguments, protecting the Swedish farmers who have reluctantly followed the new boom in factory farming.
Luigi Dossena (28 May 1925 – 9 September 2007) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
On 24 October 1978, Pope John Paul II named him Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Cape Verde, Niger, Senegal, and Upper Volta and also Apostolic Delegate to Mali, Guinea-Bissau, and Mauritania.
The posts of Pro-Nuncio to Upper Volta and to Niger were assigned to Justo Mullor García on 2 May and 25 August 1979.
Giuseppe Alessandro Barone (born 4 September 1998) is an Italian-American professional footballer who plays as a winger for Serie B club A.C. Perugia Calcio.
His goal ultimately eliminated them from the competition and saw the amateur Brooklyn Italians Soccer Club advance to the next round.
Alli does her daily routine which frustrates her two children and husband until two twenty-something free spirits move across the street where she can see what's happening and it's about to shake their lives in New York City.
The 1995 Flateyri avalanche was an avalanche that struck the village of Flateyri in Iceland’s Westfjords on 26 October 1995, killing 20 people.
The disasters had a profound effect on the nation and sparked a massive buildup of avalanche dams to protect towns in danger zones.
45 people where in the houses hit by the avalanche, 21 managed to escape on their own and four where later rescued alive.
The 2020 Scottish Labour Party Deputy leadership election was triggered on 16 December 2019 following the loss of Lesley Laird as MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath in the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
One of those won was the seat of Scottish Labour Deputy Leader and Shadow Scottish Secretary, Lesley Laird - Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath.
Despite the seat being a gain for the SNP, the new MP, Neale Hanvey will sit as an Independent until further notice due to an investigation into anti-semitic posts online.
As with the previous leadership election, the election was held under one-person-one-vote from an electorate of members, affiliated supporters and registered supporters.
Leadership candidates needed to be an MP, MSP or MEP, and need the support of at least 15%, or five, of the thirty-two Scottish Labour MPs, MSPs and MEPs.
They will also need nominations from 5% of local parties or three affiliates, including two trade unions, comprising 5% of affiliated membership, to get on the ballot paper.
Following the close of nominations on 19 January, Dundee Councillor Michael Marra did not receive sufficient nominations to advance to the next round of the campaign.
While on the same day McNeill announced that she would also withdraw from the contest, leaving a two way campaign between Jackie Baillie and Matt Kerr.
Gloria Arieira is a Brazilian Sanskrit scholar and Vedanta teacher.She was awarded the Padma Shri ,India's fourth highest civilian award in 2020.She founded Vidya Mandir Centro de Estudos de Vedanta e Sânscrito in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil which teaches Advaita Vedanta and Sanskrit in Portuguese language.
The brand is notable for collaborating with many high profile media figures including rappers Lil Wayne and Migos and Chinese activist and artist Ai WeiWei.
Featuring the Wikipedia logo with the words 'Internet Master' emblazoned above and below it, the original design sold out within two days of its August 14 launch.
The 'maximalist' shirt design featured a collage of various pop culture topics related to Wayne's Wikipedia page, and the links between them.
Fabien made his professional debut with AS Nancy in a 2-1 Ligue 2 loss to FC Lorient on 24 January 2020.
The tournament is played in Czech Republic at Golf Course Karlštejn just outside Prague, overlooked by Karlštejn Castle and host to the 1997 Czech Open.
She was awarded one of the Mary Haas Awards in 1994 from the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas for her work on Onondaga ceremonies.
The Siege of Nijmegen occurred from 27 October to 8 November 1794 during the Flanders campaign of the War of the First Coalition.
It was the last major military confrontation between the forces of the Revolutionary French First Republic and the reactionary First Coalition of European monarchs including William V, Prince of Orange, before the fall of the Dutch Republic in January 1795, which William had ruled as hereditary stadtholder since 1751.
As commander-in-chief of the Dutch States Army, his indecision, several changes of mind and lack of coordination with his Anglo-Hanoverian, Hessian, Prussian and Austrian allies contributed to the eventual surrender of Nijmegen to the French revolutionaries.
In the Patriottentijd, stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange had taken refuge in the city of Nijmegen when he was deprived of the command of the garrison of The Hague in 1785.
After his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia was arrested by Patriots at Goejanverwellesluis on 28 June 1787, the Prussian army intervened and expelled the Patriots, who fled to France or disguised themselves as 'reading clubs'.
William V left Nijmegen again and resumed his residence in The Hague, while reinforcing his stadtholderian powers through the Act of Guarantee and his new alliances with Prussia and England, which made the Netherlands a de facto Anglo-Prussian protectorate, now run as a hereditary monarchy under the House of Orange-Nassau in all but its old name: the Dutch Republic.
In the summer of 1794, the momentum changed when the French Revolutionary troops in the Austrian Netherlands won one victory after another over the forces of the anti-French reactionary First Coalition, to which William V's son Frederick, the hereditary Prince of Orange, contributed a States contingent.
The Prussians and Austrians fled to the Rhineland, while the Anglo-Hanoverian, Hessian and Dutch States troops withdrew further northwards to defend the United Provinces.
Those days, companies from several countries came and went from the city, and the stadtholder and his sons showed up several times inside its walls.
The French came closer by the day, and there were multiple minor field battles and skirmishes near the outposts to the south of Nijmegen, while the city and the surrounding forts were being reinforced.
The French Armée du Nord led by general Jean-Charles Pichegru, assisted by the Batavian Legion under the Patriot brigadier generals Herman Willem Daendels and Jan Willem de Winter.
His replacement, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, crossed the river Maas at Teeffelen with a division on 18 or 19 October, followed by another division under Joseph Souham's command.
There were battles near Puiflijk, Appeltern, Dreumel, Batenburg and Winssen between the French troops, alleged to be 20,000 men strong, versus two English regiments and an Emigrant army of 1200 men under the Prince of Rohan.
One of the English regiments was taken prisoner of war (500 men), and the other was almost completely destroyed, while of the 1200 Emigrants only 300 escaped, while 60 were captured and the rest was killed.
On 20 October, there were skirmishes on the heath near Wijchen and the flower mountains near Zyfflich, while the French bombarded Tiel and severed the connection between Grave and Nijmegen.
In the morning of 21 October, the Hanoverian general Wallmoden asked the magistrate of Nijmegen whether there were enough food supplies to make it through a siege; from the doubtful answer he received, he concluded that the city had to be evacuated.
From The Hague, the stadtholder ordered to not defend Nijmegen against the French, and so the evacuation of the city was commenced.
The French army's main force was stationed in Wijchen, while inside Nijmegen the Allies continued to station more troops, for example in the Romanesque churches.
On 24 and 25 October, the city was geared into a state of emergency, while food shortages began to grow and Coalition soldiers started plundering the countryside.
The pontoon bridge across the Waal was filled with combustibles so it could be burned after crossing, preventing the French from using it.
The cannon on the Nijmegian walls fired for the first time on 27 October at 12.30 pm, and the French army directly shot back at them as well.
As a precaution, several houses in Hees were burnt down at 6 pm, in order to prevent the French from garrisoning them.
By this time, it was alleged that all Coalition outposts had been evacuated or captured by the French, who took many Allied POWs.
The Prince of Orange changed his mind about his earlier decision on 28 October, and announced that he loved Nijmegen too much to just surrender her to the enemy.
Hulst, who showed some pro-French sympathies in his account, called the stadtholder's decision to risk the city to withstand a siege 'nonsensical' because of a lack of supplies, and he claimed that the citizenry would rather capitulate quickly.
The well-covered French batteries in Ooij were hard to hit, but they themselves were highly efficient in firing on the eastern walls.
From 29 October to 1 November, the French did not attack, but carefully prepared for a long-term siege by constructing more trenches and batteries in the ever colder weather.
In the end, only a single sortie involving 300 English and 200 Hanoverian soldiers was performed towards a French battery located on the Hunnerberg, but it was beaten back with a loss of 100 men.
In the meantime, the wood shortage inside Nijmegen was rapidly becoming serious, and all kinds of things were set on fire to produce warmth.
On 2 November, the Coalition forces employed an almost endless barrage on the slowly nearer-digging French troops, who did not return the fire.
That evening and night, 3000 men with military wagons and horses are said to have crossed the river while evacuating the city.
At night, Hanoverian troops made another sortie and reached the French trenches, but it appeared that the did not achieve more than stealing a few spades whilst incurring 60 deaths and 40 injuries.
Moreover, 500 tonnes of flour were dumped overboard, but hungry civilians retrieved much of it from the water for their own use.
The situation turned around when the three Princes of Orange came from Arnhem and arrived in Nijmegen in the afternoon to consult with the other military commanders.
The result appears to have been to cease the evacuation and to resume the siege, because room was made for 3,600 new English and Dutch soldiers (including 2 companies of Dutch cannoneers), who arrived later that night.
The artillery on the walls was reinforced on 4 November, and much of the ammunition dumped in the Waal was brought back to the surface to be used.
The far-progressed trenches were assailed during a large-scale English sortie, and the first and second line were successfully taken, with many tools and soldiers captured.
At the third line, however, they met with fierce French counter-fire of cannons and muskets, suffering heavy losses and breaking ranks, after which they fled back to the city in great disorder.
A large number of Scots that tried to climb the Hunnerberg were shot down by French Jäger until they were relieved by a Hanoverian batallion that escorted them back into the city.
5 November was another relatively quiet day; even more Allied troops and artillery pieces were stationed in Nijmegen and there was a little less fierce firing than the day before, while the French resumed digging efforts and had deployed extra guards near the trenches in case of another sortie.
The Duke of York, commander of the British troops, planned a counter-offensive with Austrian assistance to relieve Nijmegen, but this was cancelled when the Hanoverian contingent refused to participate.
The English troops began to leave the city on the order of York, who was recalled to England and replaced by William Harcourt.
In the morning of 6 November, the stadtholder once again assured the population that he would defend the city, and even promised to relieve her within three days as soon as the necessarily reinforcements had arrived.
Dutch troops launched desperate sorties, but at the cost of more soldiers on their own side than they could inflict on the French.
Dozens of English soldiers set themselves to looting houses in order to take away as many goods as they could lay their hands on to the other shore, but Dutch soldiers and armed citizens were able to arrest a large number of them, and about 50 pillagers were executed.
Between 1 and 3 o'clock, a fire raged in the Hertogsteeg that was hard to extinguish; water was difficult to obtain, and people rather avoided the streets.
The pontoon bridge was heavily fired on by the French howitzers, while the Allies tried to cross it towards Lent as quickly as possible.
As soon as the English had crossed to the other side around 1 or 2 am, however, they set the bridge aflame, preventing the remaining Dutch regiments the retreat.
Seeing the burning bridge, and noticing the defenders decreasingly returned their fire, the French concluded that the city had almost been evacuated.
They scaled the walls, entered the city withour resistance and opened up three gates (the Hesepoort, Molenpoort and Hertogsteegsepoort), after which the main force was informed.
From the other side, captain Reine (a Dutch Patriot) advanced to the Hunnerpoort to demand access in the name of the French Republic.
The prisoners of war were disarmed on the very same day, and escorted to Ravenstein with full military honours and beating drum.
Eventually, the capitulation was written up by the Dutch officer Sanders van Wel in the Molenstraat, which was soon signed by general Souham.
Hulst reported that the French troops were very disciplined, and did not engage in looting, but walked across the street gleefully and singing while greeting civilians.
Tensions loomed when unsuspecting shop owners started trading Dutch guilders 1 on 1 against the heavily devalued French assignats, prompting the military leadership to temporarily close down all shops to protect the vendors against economic damage.
English troops continued to occupy the Knodsenburg fortress on the other side of the Waal and fired on the city for some time, to little effect, but successfully keeping the French at a distance for the time being.
With the conquest of Nijmegen, the French Republic had reached the Rhine and the Waal rivers, which were often claimed to be the 'natural boundary' of France, and that it had tried to seize during the past several revolutionary years.
Daendels, however, pressed the French command to liberate the rest of the Dutch Republic, where the Patriots were increasingly stirring up revolts and demanded the departure of the Orangists.
On 10 January 1795, Pichegru crossed the frozen Waal, after which only little fighting was needed in the rest of the country: op 16 January, the province of Utrecht surrendered, and on the night of 18 to 19 January a nonviolent Batavian Revolution took place in Amsterdam and the Batavian Republic was proclaimed, while many Orangists together with the stadtholder fled to England.
During the spring of 1795, the French government and the new revolutionary Batavian administration negotiated which regions would be annexed by France: Paris agitated for the Waal as the border between the two republics, but the Bavatians found this too high a price for the population which had largely liberated itself, and wanted to retain friendly ties with the French.
The resulting Treaty of The Hague (16 May 1795) stipulated that only the Generality Lands of Staats-Vlaanderen, Staats-Overmaas and Staats-Opper-Gelre would become French territory, while Staats-Brabant and the parts of Duchy of Guelders and the County of Holland below the river Waal would remain in Batavian control.
Nijmegen thus became part of the new Batavian Republic, but the division of Guelders caused the city to be reassigned to the Department of the Dommel and to lose its status as capital to 's-Hertogenbosch.
The Buffalo Bills, which had finished with the same record as the Brooklyn Dodgers, drafted second in each round, with Brooklyn drafting third.
From rounds 16 through 25, the Cleveland Browns and New York Yankees which were the league's top two teams, did not make any selections.
Although the Miami Seahawks played in the league's inaugural season, the franchise was confiscated by the AAFC prior to the draft for failure to fulfill contractual obligations.
On December 28, its assets (including its draft choices rights) were sold to a group of entrepreneurs who founded the original Baltimore Colts.
All teams had two, except the Buffalo Bills, which had four, because the Los Angeles Dons and San Francisco 49ers, each traded one of its choices to Buffalo.
The 2020 World Outdoor Bowls Championship will be held at the Broadbeach Bowls Club, Musgrave Hill Bowls Club and Club Helensvale on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia from 23 May to 7 June 2020.
There are eight events that determine the 2020 world champions, the men's singles, doubles, triples and fours and the women's singles, doubles, triples and fours and two overall team winners who receive the Leonard and Taylor trophies respectively.
The list is organized by region and country of the award sponsor, but some awards are open to people or organizations around the world.
The awards listed here typically have a more open-ended scope, or else apply to an aspect of culture that is not covered by a more specific list.
Dalavai Chalapathi Rao is a leather puppet artisan from Anantapur district.He has been received the prestigious Padma Shri award in 2020 for his efforts in leather puppet art .
She was the Chaplain at Wycliffe College, Toronto from 1997 to 1999;on the staff of St Martin in the Fields, Toronto from 1999 to 2018.
Lia Diskin (born Leonor Beatriz Diskin Pawlowicz; October 27, 1950) is an Argentine journalist and founder of , a Brazilian philanthropy NGO.
She emigrated to Brazil at the age of 21, during the Argentine dictatorship, while waiting for her husband, Basílio, to finish his studies in the US.
Hukkeri (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India.
Janz is a line of premium (costing up to 25,000 Euros,) low volume (less than one hundred per year ) revolvers manufactured by Janz-Präzisionstechnik GmbH, of Bad Malente, Holstein, Germany.
In the 1990s after Korth declared bankruptcy and shut down production Janz started making revolvers under their own brand in 1997 utilizing frames and parts produced for Korth.
The film was made for a budget of less than 4 million kroner as part of the New Danish Screen scheme, and filmed in 16 days.
The film had a controversial reception, with some female reviewers arguing its depiction of women in relationships did more harm than good.
To begin with everything goes perfectly, but eventually, Marie shows a darker and possessive side, and begins to expose Rasmus to emotional terror more and more often.
Comeau has represented New Brunswick at four Canadian Junior Curling Championships with two bronze medals to her name in 2016 and 2018.
She won silver medals in both 2016 and 2017 at the 2016 U18 International Curling Championships and the 2017 Canadian U18 Curling Championships.
In 2017, she lost the semifinal to the Melissa Adams rink and in 2018 she lost the tiebreaker to Sarah Mallais.
Prior to serving in elected office, Fesi worked as an oil and gas businessman, founding Pipeline Construction and Maintenance Inc. in 1996.
In 2015, Fesi ran for State Senate against incumbent Republican Norby Chabert, but lost to Chabert in the first round of voting with 43% of the vote.
With Chabert term-limited in 2019, Fesi ran for the same seat once again, this time defeating four other candidates with 54% of the vote.
The 2020 World Outdoor Bowls Championship – Men's Singles Broadbeach Bowls Club, Musgrave Hill Bowls Club and Club Helensvale on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia from 23 May to 7 June 2020.
David Derby (born May 30, 1976) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 74th district from 2006 to 2016.
Ty-Shon Alexander (born July 16, 1998) is an American college basketball player for the Creighton Bluejays of the Big East Conference.
Alexander attended Concord High School his freshman year and was named to the All-South Piedmont 3A Conference team and earned honorable mention on MaxPreps.com’s Freshman All-American Team.
On November 20, 2017, Alexander was named Big East freshman of the week after registering 14 points, three rebounds and two assists in a 92-88 victory over Northwestern.
In the offseason after his freshman year, Alexander made a point to take 100 shots before bed and work on his shooting technique in order to become Creighton's next great scorer.
He was named Big East player of the week on January 28, 2019, after contributing 26 points, seven rebounds, and four assists in a 91-87 win against Georgetown.
In the summer of 2019, Alexander was a part of the United States National team who competed at the Pan American Games in Peru.
He graduated and became a university teacher with a focus on the Late Roman Empire, and his principle field of research was the Roman West.He is known for his numerous works on Roman Gaul., and for the Third Century Crisis of Rome.
He is now Professor Emeritus of Roman Imperial History at the Department of Classics and Archaeology at the University of Nottingham.
The third an fourth lines are half the length of the others, giving the fifth line extra weight, and used as a summary.
| g2 f4 | e2 e4 | d2 d4 | c4 g'4 f4 | e2 e4 | d2 d4 | c2.
Mor -- gen -- stern der fin -- stern Nacht, der die Welt voll Freu -- den macht, Je -- su mein, komm he -- rein, leucht in mei -- nes Her -- zens Schrein, leucht in mei -- nes Her -- zens Schrein.
Gabriel Rheinberger composed his own melody for the poem in 1884, and wrote a four-part setting of that melody, published in 1900.
The 1974 Neskaupstaður avalanches where two avalanches that struck the town of Neskaupstaður in Iceland on 20 December 1974, killing 12 people, including two children.
The first avalanche, around 400 meters wide, fell around 13:30 during the day and struck fishing industrial site where 5 people died.
Due to the bad weather, the site was mostly abandoned but the previous days over 100 people had been working in the fish factories.
The second avalanche, which was around 140 meters wide, fell about 20 minutes later, hit a garage, a concrete factory and a residental house, killin 7 people.
20 hours after the avalanches fell, the last survivor, a 19-year old boy, was found in the remains of one of the fish factories.
Along with being the Governor of Hofburg Palace, Leopold was Ferdinand I's treasurer and was personally appointed to be the administrator of the imperial Kunstkammer in Hofburg Palace.
He had three children, Matthew III who died at a young age, Karl the only surviving male heir who inherited his fathers large estate, and his daughter Martha.
The facility has its origins in the Ecclesall Bierlow Union Workhouse which was designed by William Flockton and opened in 1844.
The main hospital closed in 1990 and most of the site was acquired by Gleeson Homes in 1997 and subsequently developed for residential use.
Some of the newer buildings, located off Osborne Road, were retained by the NHS and amalgamated to form the Michael Carlisle Centre which was officially opened as a mental health facility by the Duchess of Gloucester in October 1999.
Michael Matias Fracaro (born 8 April 1995), known simply as Michael, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Atlético Mineiro.
The Lantern Tower(French: Tour de la Lanterne) There are three medieval historic towers in La Rochelle, France which guarded the port at Aunis.
The tower was used to watch the Aunis coastline during the middle ages; and it was used to guide ships into port.
Throughout its history it was also used to house prisoners: first priests, then sailors, and finally prisoners from the Wars of the Vendée.
He has authored a number of op-eds, papers, and interviews for the International Centre for Democratic Transition, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the United States Institute of Peace, the Wall Street Journal and the International Herald Tribune/New York Times.
Hitchner has directed a number of archaeological excavations in France and North Africa, with support from the Ministry of Culture of France, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Geographic Society.
He was a member of the international negotiating team which assisted the political parties of Bosnia-Herzegovina in producing the Package of Amendments to the Dayton Constitution of April 2006.
Hitchner has been a Visiting Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge (1994-1995), the Center for Human Values at Princeton University (2003-2003) and Souls College, Oxford (2010).
However, the publication also criticized the episode for its out-of-date use of stereotypes of African-Americans (particularly with Robert speaking Ebonics) and Italians.
Daniel Pellerin, (born in Rouen, on 30 December 1941) is a French former rugby league player who played as a wing.
He was also called up to represent France at the 1968 Rugby League World Cup, including the final lost against Australia.
Leah Gaskin Fitchue (June 27, 1940 – June 18, 2019), also known as Leah Gaskin White and Leah Gaskin Coles, was an American city official, professor of religious studies and college administrator.
Leah Doretha Gaskin Fitchue was born in West Palm Beach, Florida and raised in Philadelphia, the daughter of Joseph James Matchett and Rosie Lee Jones.
She earned a bachelor's degree at Rutgers University, a master's degree from the University of Michigan, a Master of Divinity degree from Princeton Theological Seminary, and an Ed.D.
She was the appointed head of the Philadelphia Commission on Human Relations from 1984 to 1992; the city later investigated and sued her for misuse of funds related to that position.
She was the first black woman faculty member at Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary, and the first woman to earn tenure there.
She was vice president and academic dean at the Inter­denominational Theological Center in Atlanta, and president of the Gaskin-Fitchue Group, a consulting firm.
She was the school's first woman president, the first African-American woman to serve as president of an accredited theological seminary, and the first woman to serve as head of any historically black theological seminary in the United States.
In her last year, she taught an innovative course on theology, crime, and public policy through the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program, with students from both Virginia Theological Seminary and the Alexandria Detention Center.
It is near to Big Bazaar, BJP Office, Omni Hospital, Sri Chaitanya Junior College, TSRTC Bus Stop, Reliance Digital abnd Indian Post Office.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
Lt. Col. John Patrick Duggan (1918 - 8 March 2013) was an Irish soldier and later the registrar of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
During the 2019 AFC Cup, An made headlines for receiving the red card in the Final Match playing against Al Ahed FC.
The first-ever Acadian feature film, it dramatizes an Acadian folk tale about Jerome, a mysterious man who washed up on the beach at Meteghan, Nova Scotia, mute and with his legs recently amputated, and lived in the community for the remainder of his life.
The film also stars Myriam Cyr as Julitte, a woman who falls in love with Jerome as she nurses him back to health, and Germain Houde as Jean Nicholas, Julitte's infertile husband whose desire to leave Acadia to return to his native Corsica has caused strain in their marriage, as well as Rémy Girard and Viola Léger in supporting roles.
It was nominated for two Genie Awards at the 15th Genie Awards, for Best Art Direction or Production Design (Luc J. Béland) and Best Costume Design (Jacinthe Demers).
Benjamin Tardivel (born 3 December 1987) is a Tahitian international footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Tahitian club A.S. Dragon.
He made his debut for Tahiti at the 2019 Pacific Games, replacing Teave Teamotuaitau at halftime of a 7–0 victory against Tuvalu.
Tardivel had previously been called up for two friendlies against New Caledonia in 2018, but did not appear in either match.
The text was very popular during the Byzantine era with thirty manuscripts dated between the tenth to the sixteenth century AD, and in the post-Byzantine period, eighty-two Greek copies between the sixteenth to the nineteenth century.
After her 2007 retirement she sat in a scrapyard, but, in 2020, the decision was made to cannibalize her wheelhouse and deckhouse, and turn them into a museum exhibit.
In 1972, Cros had to end his career at the age of 30 years due to an injury to a collarbone before a match against his former club, Albi.
Soon after completing his primary education and leaving home to pursue his studies, Parbat Gurung started his political career at the tender age of thirteen as a member of the student wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) - United Marxist Leninist (UML).
Although he was approached by political student leaders to join the central student wing, Gurung wanted to continue his political activities in his own village.
The CPN-UML nominated Gurung to run in the local election of 1993, though he was not yet twenty-five, the minimum age.
Parbat Gurung also established the Youth Entrepreneurship School (YES) with the sole objective to provide a solid foundation for aspiring young entrepreneurs.
Jazeel Castello (born 28 February 2000) is a Virgin Islander footballer who plays as a midfielder for the British Virgin Islands national football team.
Castello made his senior international debut on 14 November 2019, coming on as a 90th minute substitute for Carlos Septus in a 3-0 defeat to the Bahamas during the CONCACAF Nations League.
MacLaren won eight times as a Florida International University player before graduating with a degree in English and turning professional in 2016.
She won the final LET Access Series tournament of 2016, the Santander Golf Tour LETAS La Penaza, and again at the 2017 Azores Ladies Open.
In 2017 she won the LET Access Series Order of Merit and gained her full card for the 2018 Ladies European Tour, where she had seven top-10 finishes, including securing her maiden victory at Women's NSW Open.
The highlights of 2019 included successfully defending her Women's NSW Open title, a runner-up finish in the Jordan Mixed Open, and a third place in Jabra Ladies Open.
In Lincoln County, New Mexico, villainous general store owner Sam Daly is running for sheriff, with the support of his partner, Pete Morgan.
Sheriff Long is no help, but Billy and his friends save Judge Fitzgerald and his daughter Molly from being kidnapped by the gang.
Judge Fitzgerald has been appointed by the Department of Justice to investigate the situation in Lincoln County, but he's gunned down by Morgan's men, and Sheriff Long deputizes Billy, Fuzzy and Jeff to catch the murderers.
While they're tracking the killers down, Sam Daly is elected the new sheriff, and he puts a warrant out for the three friends.
They offer a pardon from the Governor if he'll turn himself in, but plan to murder him as soon as he steps into town.
They get Molly Fitzgerald and her boyfriend Dave Hendricks to persuade Billy to give up, but Billy suspects a trap and captures Morgan and Daly himself.
Molly and Dave want to help Billy to clear his name, but by now Billy has no trust in the law, and he and his friends ride off -- innocents branded as outlaws.
Miguel Ryan Marshall (born 11 April 2002) is a Virgin Islander footballer who plays as a midfielder for the British Virgin Islands national football team.
Marshall made his senior international debut on 6 September 2019, coming on as an 80th-minute substitute for Phil Nelson in a 4-2 defeat to Bonaire during the CONCACAF Nations League.
Haffar attended Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast, and earned a Business degree from California State University, Los Angeles, and did graduate work at the School of Education at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
He began his professional career with the Los Angeles Unified School District, where for 10 years (1984–94) he taught English Language, English Literature, and Communication Skills, and he also coordinated a gifted and talented education (GATE) programme introduced by the State of California.
In addition he taught English as a Second Language (ESL) in La Puente, California, at the Dibble Adult School in California for immigrants seeking American citizenship.
In Ghana in 1996 he founded the GATE Institute in order to update administrators and teachers in current trends in education, and he has designed many workshops for teachers and schools across the country.
He has conducted seminars at many educational institutions and makes regular appearances on radio and television, a sought-after consultant and resource person on topics including education, youth policy and youth empowerment.
As a senior lecturer, he teaches Creative and Critical Thinking at Accra College of Medicine; additionally, he chairs the Board of Governors of Tema International School, serves as Board member of AGA School, Obuasi, and Aspire School, Koforidua, is a member of council of the Ghana Education Service, and was a member of the Expert Commission on National Vision and Plan for Tertiary Education in Ghana.
The association's first informal meeting was in 1922; Margaret Newman was the first elected president at their first official meeting in 1924.
HLA's Children and Youth Section sponsors the annual Nēnē Award, a children's book award selected by Hawaii's elementary and middle school children.
191st Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery, Royal Artillery, was an air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army formed in Birmingham before World War II.
It defended the West Midlands against attack during the Battle of Britain, and was then shipped to Malta, where it served through most of the long siege when the island fortress was bombed incessantly.
In the 1930s the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence for Britain's cities was addressed by converting a number of Territorial Army (TA) infantry units into AA gun units of the Royal Artillery (RA).
The Birmingham-based 6th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment was one unit selected for this role, becoming 69th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery, on 10 December 1936, consisting of four batteries, including 191 AA Battery.
The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment.
In June 1939, as the international situation deteriorated, a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA positions.
On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, the units of Anti-Aircraft Command were fully mobilised at their war stations.
69th (Royal Warwickshire) AA Rgt was under the command of 34th (South Midland) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, which controlled the Gun Defended Areas (GDAs) of Birmingham and Coventry.
191 AA Battery was manning 3-inch guns at Coventry Sites B (2 guns) and D (4 guns), as well as providing detachments manning Light machine guns (LMGs) at the Ryton aircraft factory, which was designated a Vulnerable Point (VP).
Shortly after war was declared on 3 September, 191 AA Bty was ordered to move via Gloucester to Newport, Wales, with its six mobile 3-inch guns together with another section of two taken from 190 AA Bty.
It set out from Ryton on 8 September and all guns were in position by the end of 9 September; it then commenced building command points (CPs).
A group of officers from the regiment volunteered to join the Regular 4th AA Rgt for service with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France.
At the end of the year the battery was manning 2 x 4.5-inch guns at Site N and 3 x 3.7-inch guns at Site O.
The Phoney War ended with the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May, and all gunsites were put on high alert, with ammunition ready, and all crews armed with rifles to deal with German paratroops.
On 1 June 1940, along with other units equipped with 3-inch or heavier guns, the 69th was designated a Heavy AA (HAA) Regiment and its batteries were similarly retitled.
Before the next wave of raids, 191 HAA Bty left the regiment on 6 October and became an independent battery under War Office control, preparatory to going overseas.
191 HAA Battery formed part of a group of reinforcements bound for Malta that also included 222 (Derby) HAA Bty (formerly of 68th (North Midland) HAA Rgt), together with spare AA guns and barrels.
Here the party picked up Regimental HQ of 10th HAA Rgt and boarded Royal Navy warships for the dash to Malta (Operation Coat).
Together with 222 HAA Bty it now comprised 10th HAA Rgt, joined a month later by 190 HAA Bty from 69th (RWR) HAA Rgt.
In March there was dive-bombing against the RAF airfields, defended by 10th HAA Rgt, and attacks on a supply convoy on 23 March.
The HAA guns were engaged almost every day, taking a steady toll of the bombers, but the ammunition expenditure was very great.
10th HAA Regiment exchanged with 7th HAA Rgt and took responsibility for defending Fort Manoel and Grand Harbour with a mixture of 4.5-inch, 3.7-inch and 3-inch guns.
By now the RAF fighter strength had been reduced to a handful of aircraft, and the AA guns were the main defence.
March and April 1942 were the period of the heaviest air raids on Malta, with well over 250 sorties a day on occasions.
HAA guns had difficulty engaging these raids, but assisted the defending fighters by firing single 'pointer' rounds to conserve ammunition.This form of fighter-bomber sweep also lost heavily to the AA guns and RAF fighters.
With the Axis defeat at Alamein and the Allied North Africa landings the same month, the siege of Malta was ended.
The only enemy air activity for the rest of the year was occasional high-flying reconnaissances and one raid on Luqa in December.
On 15 December Maj Davies was posted to HQ Malta Command and was replaced in command on 191 HAA Bty by Maj G.K.F.
By June/July 1943 10th HAA Rgt formed part of a large AA concentration protecting the build-up of forces in Malta for the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky), with 191 HAA Bty deployed at XHD17M (Ta Ġiorni, 3 x static 3.7-inch Mk II) and XHE28 (Spinola, 3 x static 4.5-inch Mk I, GL Mk I).
On 17 June 1943, RHQ 10th HAA Rgt was officially disbanded and reformed as RHQ 68th (North Midland) HAA Rgt, with the same batteries:190 and 191 from Birmingham, and 222 from Derby.
Although the AA defences of Malta were progressively run down as units returned home or joined the campaigns in Sicily and later in mainland Italy, 68th HAA Regiment remained part of the permanent garrison of the island until the end of the war and beyond.
68th HAA Regiment was placed in suspended animation in Malta in December 1946 so that it could be officially reformed in the Territorial Army in the UK on 1 January 1947.
Simultaneously, 191 HAA Bty was disbanded and its personnel used to resuscitate 19 Coast Bty of the Regular RA as 60 Coast Bty.
The regiment became a pure HAA unit in 1948 and in 1959 it was converted into an AA guided weapons regiment.
Meanwhile the 69th HAA Rgt, which had been placed in suspended animation in Italy in January 1945, reformed in the TA on 1 January 1947 as 469th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) (Mixed) HAA Rgt ('Mixed' indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were integrated into the unit).
When AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955, 469 HAA Rgt with three other regiments was amalgamated into 442 Light AA Rgt, in which the regimental and battery lineage was maintained by P (5th/6th Royal Warwicks) Bty.
Rooney has just been raked over the coals for an incident in which he fired his weapon and killed a known gang member.
And his independent investigation of the terror plot has gotten him into difficulties with the local FBI leader, who is also investigating it.
They said it did not depict how their city really is and it did not depict how difficult it is to prepare and cook food.
Nicolas Raffort (born 27 June 1991) is a French World Cup alpine ski racer specializes in the speed events of downhill and super-G.
On January 25, 2019, he took a very good 14th place in the Kitzbühel World Cup downhill on the legendary Streif 4 track, which is his best result in the World Cup to date.
The Jebel Mokram Group was a prehistoric, neolithic culture that flourished in the second millennium BC in the West of the Sudan and in western Eritrea.
Vessels are often decorated with an incised net pattern Similar pottery is known from the Pan-grave people of Sudan and Egypt and also from the Kerma culture.
It was formerly served by the Lake Superior Branch of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, but the GTP line from near Conmee, Ontario to Fort William, Ontario was abandoned in 1924.
He became a pharmacist, receiving his pharmacy degree from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and then owning and operating a pharmacy with his father for the next 15 years.
An active participant in civil society, Smith was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, the Prince Hall Masons, and Chicago's Pilgrim Baptist Church.
He served in the 4th Ward Democratic Organization, as captain of the 15th precinct and as executive secretary of the ward organization.
The 1964 election was unprecedented in that the House's previous failure to approve a redistricting plan caused all representatives to be elected statewide.
In the 1966 election, Smith contended with fellow first-time representative James A. McLendon to represent the 24th District, with neither able to consolidate support within the Democratic Party organization.
During his two terms of office, his contributions included his support of legislation to compensate teachers based on workload, and to establish apprenticeship programs for African American students.
In 1966, he was one of the four founding members of the study committee that gave rise to the Illinois Legislative Black Caucus.
William de Cantilupe, 1st Baron Cantilupe (1262-1308) of Greasley Castle in Nottinghamshire and of Ravensthorpe Castle in the parish of Boltby, North Yorkshire, was created Baron Cantilupe in 1299 by King Edward I.
He was one of the magnates who signed and sealed the Barons' Letter of 1301 to the pope and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300, when his armorials were blazoned in Norman-French verse in the Caerlaverock Roll.
Within two years his mother remarried, to William de Ros (1254-1310) of Ingmanthorpe in Yorkshire (uncle of William Ros, 1st Baron Ros (d.1316) who married the heiress of Belvoir Castle) by whom she had further issue.
William's father (Sir Nicholas de Cantilupe (d.1266)) was the 5th and youngest son of William II de Cantilupe (d.1251), 2nd feudal baron of Eaton Bray in Bedfordshire, steward of the household to King Henry III (whose own father William I de Cantilupe (died 1239) had been steward of the household to King John, father of Henry III).
Sir Nicholas's uncle was Walter de Cantilupe (1195-1266), Bishop of Worcester and his elder brother was Thomas de Cantilupe (1220-1282), Chancellor of England, Bishop of Hereford, who was canonised as a saint in 1320.
The senior line died out in the male line in 1273 on the death of his first cousin, 22 year-old Sir George de Cantilupe (1251-1273), 4th feudal baron of Eaton Bray, Lord of Abergavenny, who had inherited vast Welsh estates from his mother Eva de Briouze.
In May 1274 at the age of 12 he accompanied his uncle Thomas de Cantilupe, who would be appointed Bishop of Hereford the following year, to the Second Council of Lyons.
Carmela Jeria, born  Carmela Jeria Gómez in Valparaíso, Chile, July 16, 1886, was a labor activist, typographer, publisher, and social and feminist leader.
Working conditions at the turn of the century were very precarious and led to the formation of many workers' organizations as Chile began exploiting its natural resources.
The resulting economic development generated a new social structure in the country, a product of the worker migration and the growing use of female and child labor.
Two of the many uprisings were Red Week (sometimes called the meat riots) in 1905 and the Santa Maria School massacre (also called, massacre at the Santa María de Iquique School) on December 21, 1907, which fueled even more worker activism.
On May 1, 1907, Jeria delivered a labor day speech to 40,000 people, but by doing so she lost her job at Gillet Lithograph, reportedly because of her work as a labor leader and working journalist.
Jeria’s work is said to have contributed to the formation of several women's associations dedicated to the suffrage movement, eventually leading to Chilean women gaining the right to vote in municipal elections in 1934, and in presidential elections in 1952.
She married Frank Byrne in St Mary's catholic church, Dukinfield, Ashton-under-Lyne on 9 September 1876, with both of them living in Peel St, Dukinfield at the time.
Committed to the Irish nationalist cause, she delivered the surgical knives used in the assassination of the Permanent Under Secretary Thomas Henry Burke and the newly installed Chief Secretary for Ireland, Lord Frederick Cavendish (the Phoenix Park Murders), to the Irish National Invincibles in February 1882 when she was seven months pregnant, concealing the knives under her skirts.
The evidence of James Carey implicated Byrne in the Phoenix Park Murders, leading to her arrest at her home on Avondale Road, Peckham Rye, south London in February 1883.
However, Carey would not positively identify her in court as the woman who delivered the arms, following this she was released.
She became a member of an American ladies’ committee which erected a monument to Patrick O’Donnell, a man executed for killing James Carey, in Glasnevin in April 1887.
She was also a member of some far-right political groups in England and was imprisoned for violating the Official Secrets Act during World War II.
Riddell had been recruited into the RC by Anna Wolkoff, daughter of Admiral Nikolai Wolkoff (1870–1954), the last Imperial Russian naval attaché posted to London before the revolution.
When Britain entered the war, Ramsay closed the RC down, but several women members, with Riddell promiment among them, kept the organisation in operation.
Immediately after the arrest of Kent and Wolkoff, Riddell moved the meetings of the RC to the Wolkoff's Russian Tea Rooms.
He stole copies of correspondences between American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill wherein Roosevelt, while publicly avowing America's neutrality, was making commitments that would draw the US into the war.
Churchill was at the time first lord of the Admiralty, and was communicating with the American President without the knowledge of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.
In January 1940 Riddell, Wolkoff, Kent and Don Francesco Maringliano Duco Del Monte, the Italian assistant military attaché in London, met at the L'Escargot restaurant in Soho.
Riddel and Del Monte tried to arrange another meeting with Kent at La Coquille restaurant, but by this time Kent had already been arrested.
Riddell was interrogated at Scotland Yard, and her uncooperative responses convinced the officer interviewing her that she knew more than she was telling, and that immediate detention was warranted.
In 1940 Riddell was convicted of offences under the Official Secrets Act 1911, then detained under the expanded Defence Regulation 18B (DR 18B) and interned in Holloway prison.
With her eyesight failing, Riddell allowed Wolkoff to drive, and the pair's car was struck from behind, throwing Wolkoff out to her death.
The car was loaned to Hugh Hamilton, who drove it in the 1933 Mannin Beg and at Donington Park on 19 August the same year.
Riddell drove K3008 in the 1934 Rallye Paris - Saint-Raphaël Féminin, where she finished first in class and 2nd overall, and also posted fastest time of the day on the Pougues Les Eaux hill climb stage.
She appeared in the Monte Carlo rally again in 1934, this time in an AC 16/80, paired with co-driver H. Comtesse Moy.
Riddell and K3008 ran the Paris - Saint-Raphaël again in 1935, 1936, and 1938, finishing ninth in 1935 and first in class in 1938.
At the 1937 24 Hours of Le Mans an MG PB owned by George Eyston was co-driven to a sixteenth place finish by Dorothy Stanley-Turner and a driver listed as Joan Riddell.
While some have suggested that the name Joan Riddell is a conflation of Enid Riddell and Joan Richmond, one source mentions both Joan Riddell and Joan Richmond as distinct persons at the race.
Another source of biographical information for the 1937 race records a full name of Joan Hardwick Riddell, born in Wales on 16 April 1912, died July 1997 in Surrey.
A summary written shortly after the event lists Enid Riddell as Dorothy Turner's partner in an MG in the 751-1100 cc class.
Riddell took second place, a first in the 2 L class, and the Coupe des Dames trophy in July 1946 at the Rallye des Alpes Françaises driving a 1937 AC 16/80 Competition Sports, registration EPJ 101, partnered with Betty Haig.
Adusei had HIS Higher National Diploma in Education from Sunyani Polytechnic, Sunyani (now Sunyani Technical University) in 2010 where he majored in Electrical Engineering.
Adusei Kwasi represents Ahafo Ano North constituency in the Ashanti Region of Ghana where he obtained 50.02% of the vote cast for National Democratic Congress (NDC).
He began his tenure on 7th of February 2013 after the completion of the 2012 general elections and ended on 6th of January after dissolution of the parliament.
The Heyperger family (also von Hayperger, Heuberg and Heuberger) where a lower aristocratic knightly family who had been in Austria (particularly in Tyrol and later Vienna) for several centuries.
Some scholars suggest that the family where originally Feudal Lords of Heyperg (Pyhra) in Lower Austria and thus took a series of Toponymic surnames relating to their Fiefdom.
Seeing as he was the only surviving son of his father he was given a large plot of land which his father had owned.
When she was a sophomore in high school, she and her brother were forced to live in a trailer when their mother left and their father was living with his new wife and her children.
When her brother Wyatt turned 18, he left to go search for their mother and Morgan was forced to live alone in the trailer.
It was released on September 17, 2019 by Dutton Books, and tells the story of a Trinidadian girl sent to live in Minneapolis after her mother discovers that she has a girlfriend.
After they are caught engaging in sexual activity, Audre is sent to live in Minneapolis with father, where she meets Mabel.
In 1906, Grey and 15 Ottawa women cofounded the Ottawa chapter of the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire (IODE), a patriotic club to support Canadian troops fighting overseas during the War.
Another part of her efforts during the First World War was serving as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse at a hospital in Northumbria.
In October 1915, Grey moved to Russia to establish a Anglo-Russian Hospital with Lady Muriel Paget, which would go on to treat 8,000 Russian soldiers over two years.
In the first year the hospital was open, the admitted few injured and wounded men, but experienced an uptake in February 1916.
The diet is in alignment with mainstream nutritional advice in regard to consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains and research has continued to indicate the health benefits of eating high-fibre foods.
Professor of Surgery Henry Buchwald and colleagues noted although the diet has health benefits it can lead to constipation if not accompanied by an increased intake of water and gastrointestinal upset if the diet is introduced too rapidly.
American artist Thomas Moran viewed the pinnacle in 1873 while travelling south from Salt Lake City, with the artist later rendering a famous watercolor of the feature.
In Uda-gun, Nara, it is better to meet on a dark night road, in Shizuoka, it is said that you will encounter when descending from a small mountain.
A mystery of making a walking sound is heard , and it is regarded as a monster of the same kind as the sticky person.
Craig William Loya (born 1977) is the current Dean of Trinity Cathedral in Omaha, Nebraska and Bishop-Elect of Minnesota in The Episcopal Church.
On January 25, 2020, the Episcopal Church in Minnesota diocesan convention elected him on the second ballot from a slate of five candidates.
The largest ethnic groups in 2016 were 78.2% Cook Islands Māori, 7.6% part Cook Islands Māori, and 14.2% other ethnic groups.
The largest religion in the Cook Islands is the Cook Islands Christian Church with 48.8% of the population identifying with that religion in 2016.
Raja Fouad Halwani (born 1967 in Beirut, Lebanon) is an American-Lebanese philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
In 1846, a number of Gadubanud aboriginal people where massacred in a revenge expedition, after a member of an early colonial surveying party was killed.
Blanket Bay was once a unloading point for stores arriving by ship to supply the Cape Otway lighthouse that is six kilometers away.
In 1896, three mariners (chief officer Mr. Griffiths, able seaman Mathieson, and casual hand Thomas Monk died in rough surf when their boat capsized while coming ashore at Blanket Bay.
The Government steamer Lady Loch had left Melbourne port of Williamstown and had docked at Apollo Bay before attempting to deliver six months of provisions for the lighthouse keepers.
Valerie Jane Bunce is an American political scientist, currently the Aaron Binenkorb Professor of International Studies and a Professor of Government at Cornell University.
She earned her BA in political science and psychology in 1970, and her MA and PhD in 1973 and 1976, respectively, both in political science.
After completing her PhD, Bunce became a professor at Lake Forest College, and then from 1977 until 1991 was a professor at Northwestern University, before joining Cornell University in 1991.
She has also been a visiting professor at the University of Chicago, The University of Zagreb, The University of Washington, and the Central European University, and was the director of the Institute for European Studies.
Bunce argued that both communist and democratic countries exhibited a similar cycle of policy innovation, in which rapid policy innovations occur whenever a new leader assumes power, followed by a period of incremental or no change until the next leadership transition.
Thomas Baylis noted that an important corollary of this theory is that secession crises in Communist regimes therefore must serve a functionalist purpose, which he viewed as a counterintuitive but fundamental claim.
Bunce explains the near-simultaneous collapse of Europe's major communist regimes in terms of their fundamental designs: that they necessarily divided the powerful and strengthened those without power, while also hampering economic performance, a design which was exacerbated by the particular context of the 1980s.
In 2019, a citation analysis by Kim and Grofman listed Bunce as the 37th most cited woman who is currently an active political science faculty member at an American university.
Bunce's work has also been referenced in major media outlets like The New York Times, The Washington Post, Foreign Affairs, and The New Republic.
Paleo Crossing Site, also known as the Old Dague Farm Site, is an archaeological site near Sharon Center, Ohio in Medina County where Clovis artifacts dated to 13,000 years ago were found.
There were also two post holes and tools that were made from flint from the Ohio River Valley in Indiana, 500 miles from Paleo Crossing, which indicates that the hunter-gatherers had a widespread social network and traveled across distances relatively quickly.
The Clovis culture spread across North America and the people are thought to be the ancestors of most native peoples in America.
There are about 200 Clovis sites on the continent, but most did not provide a lot of information about the Clovis lifestyle.
The Paleo Crossing site, one of the oldest sites in Ohio, had two or three post holes and refuse pits that contained charcoal.
The structure, carbon-dated at about 10,200 B.C., could have burned, based on the presence of charcoal found in a post hole.
A person integral to the work was Metin Eren who began his efforts when, as a junior in high school, he joined the Museum's field program in 2000.
Now with a Ph.D. in anthropology, Eren and Dr. Brian Redmond, Curator of Archaeology, have collaborated on papers describing the Paleo Crossing stone tool collection.
In addition, they believe that the people at Paleo Crossing probably traveled more than 500 kilometers, because hunter-gatherers don't travel in a straight line.
Small bands of hunters used the four acre site as a place to meet up with one another and exchange information, perform ceremonial rituals, and plan hunts for big game.
The 22-acre Nobles Pond Site in Stark County was a larger meeting place for bands of hunters, with a large collection of tools made from Ohio flint.
It is directed and executive produced by OBB Pictures' Michael D. Ratner with photographer Joe Termini set to direct additional episodes.
The documentary is produced by Bieber Time Films, SB Projects and OBB Pictures, with Justin Bieber serving as an executive producer.
A civil war had been going on during Weitzel’s tenure and at the request of President Adolfo Díaz Recinos, Weitzel arranged for American Marines to intervene.
In probability theory, a random recursive tree is a rooted tree chosen uniformly at random from the recursive trees with a given number of vertices.
In a recursive tree with formula_1 vertices, the vertices are labeled by the numbers from formula_2 to formula_1, and the labels must decrease along any path to the root of the tree.
Alternatively, a random recursive tree can be generated by starting from a single vertex, the root of the tree, labeled formula_2, and then for each successive label from formula_5 to formula_1 choosing a random vertex with a smaller label to be its parent.
If each of the choices is uniform and independent of the other choices, the resulting tree will be a random recursive tree.
With high probability, the longest path from the root to the leaf of an formula_1-vertex random recursive tree has length formula_8.
The expected distance of the formula_10th vertex from the root is the formula_10th harmonic number, from which it follows by linearity of expectation that the sum of all root-to-vertex path lengths is, with high probability, formula_12.
The expected number of leaves of the tree is formula_13 with variance formula_14, so with high probability the number of leaves is formula_15.
lists several applications of random recursive trees in modeling phenomena including disease spreading, pyramid schemes, the evolution of languages, and the growth of computer networks.
Louis Courtois, also known as Papa Courtois (Waasmunster, 28 October 1785 - Paris, November 1859), was a Belgian illusionist who performed in several European countries, including at the courts of the kings of France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
He obtained great fame with his shows where birds, bowls and coins appeared and disappeared in the theaters where he performed.
EDIC is jointly owned by the Mubadala Development Company, an investment fund of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, (60%) and Tawazun Holding.
In November 2019, the holding company was adsorbed into Edge Group, a new defence industry holding company owned also by United Arab Emirates government.
The 4‐acre athletic facility contains a softball field with lights for night games and is part of the larger 32-acre Kennedy Park Athletic Complex.
Keegan Field was the first spring training home of the San Diego Padres in 1969 prior to their move in 1970 to Desert Sun Stadium.
The Baltimore Orioles had trained in Yuma and played spring training games at Yuna's Munipicial Stadium in 1954 before returning to Florida in 1955.
San Diego was awarded a major league baseball franchise on May 27, 1968 and set about finding a spring training home.
The Chamber's chair was newspaper publisher Don Soldwedel who was friendly with the Padres' president Buzzie Bavasi from Bavasi's time with the Dodgers.
The Padres signed a five-year contract with Yuma and the city agreed to construct a multi-field baseball facility by spring 1970 which would be Desert Sun Stadium.
For spring training 1969, the City of Yuma renovated and improved Keegan Field, adding bleachers, fences, dugouts, locker rooms, batting cages, concession stands, a press box, and PA system.
During Spring Training in 1969, the Padres’ clubhouse was behind the centerfield scoreboard with showers located outside at the nearby Kennedy Swimming Pool.
The Padres drew 2,600 on March 21, 1969 for their game against the San Francisco Giants with All-Stars Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, and Juan Marichal.
Peace of Mind Canada (formerly known as Peace of Mind 204), founded in 2015, is a Canadian non-profit organization with a principal focus on mental health in young people.
The organization has one main program in Manitoba and Ontario, consisting of the planning of events that provide a safe space for youth to share their personal stories about their previous struggles with their mental health .
Loizza Aquino founded Peace of Mind 204 (later renamed Peace of Mind Canada) while enrolled at Institut collegial Vincent Massey Collegiate in 2015, following the death by suicide of her best friend, Miguel Labossiere .
The organization's first event was held on September 17, 2015, which was attended by then Manitoba Premier Greg Selinger and 200 students .
In November 2016, Aquino was invited to the Manitoba Legislature to represent the organization and advocate for youth in the province.
Mr. James Allum, the MLA for the provincial riding of Fort Garry-Riverview took time during the member statements in the Legislative Assembly to acknowledge the work of the organization .
The organization's largest event was held at the Manitoba Theatre for Young People a year later, with financial support from the Government of Manitoba, 700 students were in attendance .
The event took place at the University of Toronto St. George campus in Toronto, Ontario, and was sponsored by the university's department of political science .
In late 2019, a student group chapter was formed at the University of Manitoba by Jelynn Dela Cruz, Vice-President of Student Life for the students' union at the university, and the group held a mental health awareness event during the mental health week at the post-secondary educational institution, in conjunction with the Jack.org and Active Minds chapters .
Winnipeg radio personality David 'Ace' Burpee of Virgin Radio Winnipeg served as one of the original members of the board of directors for the organization.
In June 2017, Canadian financial institution Toronto-Dominion Bank named Aquino a TD Scholar , in part due to her work with Peace of Mind Canada in the community .
In 2018, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) featured the organization in the 'Life & Money' section on the website for the Canadian financial institution .
In 2019, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada chose Aquino's story about the founding of the organization to be highlighted as part of the Immigration Matters campaign .
Following the consolidation of white supremacy in the South with the Corrupt Bargain of 1876, westward emigration of African Americans from the South increased greatly, and African-American newspapers blossomed across the state through 1920.
The 2004 Queensland Cup season was the 9th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
Wests Panthers, who participated in the Queensland Cup since the inaugural season in 2006, withdrew from the competition at the end of 2003.
They were replaced by Brothers-Valleys, a club formed in 2002 by the merger of Past Brothers, who played in the Queensland Cup from 1996 to 1998, and the Fortitude Valley Diehards, who originally folded in 1995.
The Brisbane Broncos, Melbourne Storm and North Queensland Cowboys were again affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales, Norths Devils and North Queensland Young Guns respectively.
Burleigh, who finished as minor premiers for the second season in a row, defeated Easts by a point in their major semi final to earn a spot in the Grand Final, their third since 1997.
Easts, who came 3rd in the regular season, defeated the 2nd placed Norths in the qualifying final to set up their match with Burleigh.
The loss saw them then face Wynnum in the preliminary final, who they defeated 50–24 to set up a rematch with the Bears in the Grand Final.
During the regular season, Burleigh defeated Easts in both of their encounters (46–20 in Round 5 and 36–34 in Round 15).
Burleigh opened the first half strongly when five-eighth Adam Hayden stepped through Easts' defensive line to score in the 6th minute.
The Tigers got back into the contest in the 20th minute, when hooker Trent Young muscled his way over underneath posts.
Burleigh regained their 10-point lead when second rower John Flint burst through to score in the 31st minute as the Bears took a 16–6 lead into the break.
Easts hit back 10 minutes into the second half when former Australian and Queensland representative Steve Renouf spun through a defender to score in the corner.
With just over a minute to play, Burleigh's Kris Flint attempted a field goal that would've sealed the game for the Bears but missed to the right, giving Easts one last chance.
With 30 seconds remaining, Tigers' halfback Dane Campbell put in a chip kick for winger Steve Beattie, who burst through two Burleigh defenders to score.
Easts had the first opportunity to win the game in the third minute of extra time, when Campbell attempted a field goal then went wide right.
Both teams missed multiple field goal attempts before Burleigh prop Shane O'Flanagan barged over to score the premiership-winning try in the 17th minute of extra time.
The 2021 Pro Bowl will be the National Football League's all-star game for the 2020 NFL season will be played on January 31, 2021 at a site to be announced later.
The novel follows Allan Mann, an Oxford law student who becomes quadriplegic after an accident, and is given a service monkey named Ella to help him with daily tasks.
The 2020 tournament capped by a Grand Final match between the top two teams with A$1 million in prize money awarded to the winner.
The winner, Tracy Davidson-Celestine, the first female political leader for the party, went on to contest the Chief Secretary position of the Tobago House of Assembly in the 2021 Tobago House of Assembly election.
The announcement of the election was made on November 10, 2019 by Chief Secretary of the Tobago House of Assembly and Political leader of the Tobago Council of the People’s National Movement, Kelvin Charles while speaking at the PNM's 49th annual convention, Queen's Park Savannah, Port of Spain.
Curran, not finding film-related opportunities in Miami and New York, started attending the British Academy of Performing Arts in Marietta, Georgia and the Renaissance International School of Performing Arts in Milton, Georgia.
Choi Hyun-suk (Korean: 최현석; born April 21, 1999) is a South Korean rapper and member of boy group Treasure under YG Entertainment.
In January 2018, Choi was chosen as a model for Japanese sports clothing and accessories brand, Descente, for their new semester menswear range.
Sherly Jeudy (born 13 October 1998) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a forward for the Haiti women's national team.
Mordecai (Max) Hecker (מקס הקר; born January 28, 1879) was an Austrian-born Israeli President of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.
Sun Ninghui (; born March 1968) is a Chinese computer scientist who is a researcher and the current director of the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
He holds a bachelor's degree from Peking University, and obtained his master's and doctor's degrees from the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences under the direction of .
Named after Samuel Heintzelman, a United States Army general, the ship was laid down by California Shipbuilding Corporation at Terminal Island in Los Angeles, and launched on 27 August 1942.
The Fountain of Domenica Calubina is a small hexagonal fountain in the piazza Dallò in the center of the town of Castiglione delle Stiviere, province of Mantua, region of Lombardy, Italy.
In the center, atop a pillar is a worn marble statue of a woman, likely pregnant and holding a hand to her abdomen, dressed in late-15th century garb with a ruff around the neck.
Few details of the story can be found; the base of the statue appears to be stamped with the date 1733 and the sculptor is unclear.
A paraphrase of Spallicci's short paragraph on the 15th-century story is:that this handsome woman, born in Castiglione, was the delight of all those who knew her.
Very low cerebral blood volume (VLCBV) is a measurement of hemorrhagic transformation degree in the tissue surrounding the lesion in the strokes.
It is counted as one of the penumbral imaging procedures along with less commonly used methods such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Soveline Beaubrun (born 7 December 1997) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a centre back for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
Lynn Aldrich (born 1944) is an American sculptor whose diverse works draw on a wide range of high and low cultural influences and materials.
Aldrich has exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Hammer Museum, Santa Monica Museum of Art, and venues throughout the United States and Europe.
She has been recognized with a Guggenheim Fellowship (2014) and public art collection acquisitions by LACMA, MOCA Los Angeles and the Portland Art Museum, among others.
Her father was a veterinary pathologist at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and National Zoo (Washington, DC) and science was an influence on her early thought and interests and later art practice.
She initially studied biology at Stetson University, working as a virology lab assistant at Smith, Kline & French Laboratories (Philadelphia) during college summers.
After shifting to English Literature, she graduated from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (BA, 1966), where she met future husband, Michael Aldrich.
After deciding to move west, they settled in Glendale, California in 1970, where they raised three sons, Jack, Matthew, and Daniel.
Always interested in visual art, Aldrich took painting and drawing classes at Glendale Community College, before studying art at California State University, Northridge (BA, 1984) with painter Marvin Harden and at Art Center College of Design (MFA, 1986) with artists Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe and Stephen Prina.
In graduate school she conceived a working strategy that emphasized materials, poetic allusions, three-dimensionality, shifts in scale and reductive simplicity rather than a signature style; her influences included theorist Paul Virilio, artist/writer Robert Smithson, minimalists Donald Judd and Anne Truitt, and Californians Robert Irwin and Ed Ruscha.
Aldrich exhibited widely in her first decade, gaining notice for solo shows at Krygier/Landau, Sue Spaid Fine Art, and Sandroni Rey (California), the Santa Monica Museum of Art, Cristinerose Gallery (New York) and Art Affairs Gallery (Amsterdam), as well as group shows at venues including MOCA Los Angeles, Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery, San Francisco Art Institute, P.P.O.W.
In Aldrich's later career, Carl Berg Gallery, Ben Maltz Gallery, Edward Cella Art+Architecture, DENK Gallery (all Los Angeles) and Jenkins Johnson Gallery (New York), among others, have held solo exhibitions of her work; her group exhibitions include shows at LACMA, MOCA Pacific Design Center, the Hammer Museum, San Jose Museum of Art, Paula Cooper Gallery and Museum of Biblical Art (both New York).
Aldrich has also taught art at Azusa Pacific University (2011–5), Mars Hill Graduate School (2002–7), Art Center College of Design (1987–1998), UCLA, Otis College of Art and Design, and Biola University.
Aldrich incorporates a wide range of reference points in her work: the excess and spectacle of consumer culture and life in Los Angeles, art and literary influences, natural and celestial phenomena, and Christian longing for revelation and transcendence.
Critics often note various, resulting dualities in her work: banality and profundity, humorous spectacle and near-apocalyptic concern, scientific empiricism and faith.
Writers also emphasize Aldrich's playing of artistic influences (including the Light and Space movement) off of feminist strategies that inject everyday and domestic objects and notions into fine art.
She creates through processes of accumulation, repetition and placement that preserve the fundamental, recognizable nature of her source materials; the resulting works (and their punning titles) fuse, deconstruct or short-circuit form, function and meaning, creating physical and conceptual conundrums that reveal inherent metaphors and poetic essences in common objects.
Reviews of Aldrich's major mid-career shows (1997–2008) suggest that she embraced a more assertive theatricality and sensual extravagance, mining consumer society's inadvertent beauty and revealing its perils.
More whimsical, busier in its color, spatial and textural range, this work pushed further against minimalist restrictions concerning narrative and referential content, connecting more strongly to bodily and connotative associations and yielding more overtly philosophical and theological themes involving the earth and cosmos, society, and perception.
Several tragicomic works mimicked aquatic life with commercial products (often from the petroleum economy that threatens oceanic life), offering ironic, furtive critiques of consumer society.
In the later-2000s, Aldrich explored metaphors involving water, thirst and longing in works using galvanized steel rain gutters whose meaning (and titles) balanced between formal object, suburban vernacular and metaphor.
Aldrich has been recognized with fellowships from the John S. Guggenheim Foundation (2014), J. Paul Getty Trust (2000), and City of Los Angeles (COLA, 1999).
Aldrich's work belongs to the public collections of LACMA, MOCA Los Angeles, New York Public Library, Portland Art Museum, Ahmanson Art Gallery (Irvine, CA), Calder Foundation, Cornell Fine Arts Museum (Winter Park, FL), and Westmont Ridley-Tree Museum of Art (Santa Barbara, CA), as well as many private collections.
AATS started out as a consortium, which included Catalyst Direct Capital Management and OPTrust Private Markets Group, in 2014 to purchase Skybus.
Following the purchase, in August 2019, AATS Group was rebranded the Kinetic Group, and remains the parent company of SkyBus and TAG.
In the same month, OPTrust began to seek a co-investor in Kinetic Group, who will hold a minority share in the group.
Kinetic acquired Sydney bus and coach charter company Telford's Bus & Coach in November 2019, followed by Cairns bus operator Love's Bus Service Queensland (LBSQ) in January 2020.
During his time with Petrovac, he was named the revelation of the 2015/2016 in the Montenegrin First League, scoring 13 goals and earning a transfer to OFK Titograd.
Kopitović returned to Petrovac after 2 seasons away where he was unable to replicate the form that saw him transferring to OFK Titograd.
In total, since he left Petrovac, he had only managed to score 7 for OFK Titograd and just a solitary goal for FK Kom.
Entering the winter break, Kopitović was the second top-scorer in the Montenegro top tier with 8 goals from 19 appearances for the 2019/2020 Montenegrin First League, before he decided to transfer to Singapore Premier League side Tampines Rovers FC.
Kopitović signed for Tampines Rovers FC for the 2020 Singapore Premier League season and opened his goal scoring account on his debut, netting in a 5-3 defeat to Bali United F.C.
The community is home to Marlton Elementary School, Marlton Middle School, Cherokee High School, along with various residential developments, near the intersection of Tomlinson Mill Road and County Route 544 (Marlton Parkway/Taunton Lake Road).
Robert Bunning (13 December 1859 – 12 August 1936) was a Western Australian businessman involved in the construction, timber, and sawmill industries.
The Bunnings moved back to London, though Robert and his younger brother Arthur initially stayed in Chicago for work; by the 1880s they had returned to London to help their father erect a church spire.
Robert and Arthur Bunning formed a partnership business, Bunning Brothers, in 1886, and soon won construction contracts from the Western Australian government for expansions to Fremantle Lunatic Asylum and Roebourne's hospital.
They built the Weld Club and Trinity Church in the early 1890s, as well as developing a large property portfolio, including four brickworks.
This led them to buy a timber mill in North Dandalup in 1897, and later set up sawmills across the state's South West region.
He became the association's president in 1904, a position he held until 1925, and was its representative on the executive of the Western Australian Employers' Federation from 1917 to 1936.
After listening to various speaker lauding him, Bunning started his reply speech, but after approximately five minutes he collapsed, and was dead by the time a doctor attending the party had rushed to his side.
Bunning's business was expanded by his sons, listed as a public company in 1952, and taken over by Wesfarmers in 1994.
The business, focused on Bunnings Warehouse hardware stores, became a national and international brand, with stores across Australia and New Zealand, and until 2018, the UK and Ireland.
Phiseline Michel (born 27 July 1997) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Canadian club CS Fabrose and the Haiti women's national team.
Ruwan Chandra Gopura is a professor attached to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka and the Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa.
Gopura was born in Damunupola, Kegalle, Sri Lanka and grew up in Kegalle in a family of six including his parents and his three brothers.
He attended Damunupola Kanishta Vidyalaya and Kegalu Vidyalaya for his primary education and then attended Pinnawala National School for his secondary education.
He graduated from University of Moratuwa with a BSc Engineering (honours) degree in 2004 and he obtained his Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Systems Engineering from the same University.
Prior to join University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka as Senior Lecturer in May 2010 Gopura worked as a research assistant at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka in March 2004 and then as a junior lecturer at the Department of Textile and Clothing Technology, University of Moratuwa.
He developed the first ever robotic prosthetic arm in Sri Lanka with his research team in 2016 and the first ever lower extremity exoskeleton robot in 2017.
The assistive robotics research that he is carrying out has won several competitive research grants and several awards in the international levels.
Don Lee Gevirtz (1928–2001) was a non-career appointee who served concurrent appointments as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Tuvalu, Fiji, Nauru and Tonga from 1995 until 1997.
At the time of his nomination, Gevirtz was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Foothill Group Incorporated, Los Angeles financial services firm and was a big contributor to Bill Clinton.
The 1974–75 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
At the national level, she is a 2014 Danish women's champion, four-time mixed doubles champion (2009, 2010, 2018, 2019) and five-time junior champion (2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015).
Despite the Wuling Wuling Hongguang name, the Wuling Hongguang Plus is positioned to be more upmarket and was based on the new CN150 modular platform and was given a different styling featuring a new exterior and interior.
Richard Offner (June 30, 1889 – August 26, 1965) was an Austrian-American art historian dedicated to the study of Florentine paintings from the Renaissance.
He pursued his undergraduate degree at Harvard University from 1909 to 1912, continuing as a Fellow at the American Academy in Rome from 1912 to 1914.
He remained at NYU for the remainder of his career, serving as head of the head of the fine arts department from 1930 to 1933, and as an emeritus from 1954 until his retirement in 1961.
In 1919, there was a large county reorganization in Norway and every stiftamt was abolished and the counties were renamed .
Secondly, the county governor also monitors the activities of the municipalities and is the appeal body for many types of municipal decisions.
The Mandela Effect is a 2019 action comedy film written and directed by David Guy Levy, and it stars Charlie Hofheimer as a grieving husband and father, who becomes obsessed with random facts and events that most of us have either forgotten or remembered incorrectly.
Thinking it cannot be that simple, he develops a strong opinion for the theory that these false memories must lead back to a more universal concept.
As the couple reluctantly rummage through Sam's possessions in her bedroom, Brendan cannot bear to finish the task, due to overwhelming feelings of grief and sorrow.
Even though he and his brother-in-law, Matt (Robin Lord Taylor), are steadfast in their belief that their long-standing memory is accurate, no evidence can be found that the name was ever changed.
Much like a large percent of the general population, Claire wrongly believes that the character wore a monocle on his face.
In addition, the couple are shocked to learn that Curious George never actually had a tail, despite them recalling him having one.
This is a key link back to Sam's death because of the Curious George doll that contributed to Sam's untimely demise.
This causes Brendan to come to the bold decision that these false memories are actually part of a parallel universe that exists side-by-side with ours.
Since Brendan is employed as a video game programmer, he believes that his own creativity lends credence to his strange obsession.
However, this time, while allowing Sam to play near the water, Claire and Ben insist that she leave her Curious George doll with them, in essence saving Sam's life.
Brendan works as video game designer, which he tries to assimilate other concepts of reality to, due to his creative mind.
On Metacritic, the film's score has not yet been revealed.. On IMDb, there were 655 reviews, which averaged the film at 5.7/10..
Wang Yaonan (; born November 1957) is a Chinese scientist who is a professor at Hunan University and the current dean of its School of Robotics and College of Electrical and Information Engineering.
After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he was accepted to East China University of Technology, where he graduated in 1981.
In principle it was only a group of classmates who studied communication at the ORT University who joined to create a band, and then had a reputation and popularity that they did not think they were going to have, presenting shows throughout Latin America.
In 2016 a documentary entitled Marama - Rombai - The trip, where the history of both bands is portrayed, was released.
He announced his retirement from Rombai in March 2016 and on April 29 of that year he presented himself for the last time with the group at Luna Park in Buenos Aires.
Yearly GDP of Village is 11% and this is one of the developed and successful Village of Sagardina compare to other Villages which is located at 0.5km north -Bhoda Tol/Bhodaha, Miya Tol,southern -Sonarniya(Bara,)...
Similarly in western Dohori VDC distance 4 km and north -west Bodaha VDV is located with 2 km.Materiya and Madilawa Village have same distance 3 km located in west and north-west accordingly.
For the Invasion of Poland that started on 1 September 1939, XXI Army Corps was part of 3rd Army (Georg von Küchler) within Army Group North (Fedor von Bock).
At the beginning of the campaign, XXI Army Corps advanced from a position southwest of Osterode in East Prussia in a southwesterly direction towards Grudziądz and Chełmo, with the goal of closing the Danzig Corridor and to unite with the 4th Army's forces advancing into Poland from Pomerania.
The Battle of Grudziądz was fought between the XXI's two infantry divisions and the Polish 4th and 16th Infantry Divisions, ending in German victory and the city's capture by 4 September 1939.
The XXI Army Corps was supported in its advances on the Polish 16th Infantry Division in Grudziądz, which was protected on its right by the Polish 4th, by heavy Luftwaffe aerial attacks against 4th Infantry Divisions, taking pressure off the left flank of XXI Army Corps.
Although the corps inflicted heavy losses on the Polish formations, the 4th and 16th Infantry Divisions withdrew from the area in good order, surrendering the city to the Wehrmacht.
With Grudziądz in German hands, German engineer units were tasked with the repairs of various damaged or destroyed bridges across the Vistula to finalize the connection between the 3rd and 4th Armies.
Group Falkenhorst was strengthened by the addition of 10th Panzer Division, which had spent the first days of the invasion in Army Group North's reserves, as well as several fortress units from East Prussia, but was weakened by the removal of 228th Infantry Division.
The unit concentrated its forces in the area of the Pisa river, and moved south towards Łomża on 7 September 1939.
The subsequent Battle of Łomża saw 21st Infantry Division capture the town after a lengthy delay action by forces of the Polish 33rd Infantry Regiment.
In the meantime, the XIX Army Corps (Heinz Guderian) had transferred from Pomerania over East Prussia to the sector and was subsequently, to the detriment of the fighting strength of Group Falkenhorst, assigned control of the 10th Panzer Division and the East Prussian fortress units.
Guderian's XIX Army Corps now took the lead of the offensive movements in the sector, with XXI Army Corps advancing along Guderian's right flank.
However, XXI Army Corps was seriously hindered in its mobility compared to XIX Army Corps with its higher degree of mobilization and soon fell behind Guderian's progress when faced with fortified units of the Polish 18th Infantry Division at Nowogród.
In this function, it made contact with forces of the Red Army that entered Poland from the east with the Soviet invasion that started on 17 September.
Falkenhorst was tasked with the execution of Operation Weserübung, the invasions of Denmark and Norway, by the German dictator Adolf Hitler on 21 February 1940.
The forces included five infantry divisions, two mountain divisions, and six naval task forces of the Kriegsmarine to deliver the landing forces to the entry points at Narvik, Trondheim, Bergen, Kristiansand/Arendal, Oslo, and Egersund.
With the ordinal number 21 freed up for German army corps, a new corps with that number, XXI Mountain Corps, was created in 1943.
Bill and Jan (Or Jan and Bill) is a studio album released by American country artists Bill Anderson and Jan Howard.
S M Abul Kalam Azad (born April 30, 1967) is a two star Admiral of Bangladesh and the current Chairman of Mongla Port Authority.
Namely, he completed his International Sub Lieutenant Course (ICLC) in Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon, England and finished his initial staff course from Royal Naval College, Greenwich, London.
He went to Army Language School in Istanbul of Turkey in 1996 for Turkish language course and also did gunnery specialization course from Naval Training Centre in Istanbul of Turkey.
Admiral Azad successfully completed his command and staff course at the session 1999–2000 from Defence services command and staff college, Mirpur, Dhaka,Bngaladesh.
His key staff appointment includes Staff Officer of Naval Training (SOT), Staff officer operations (SOO) of Commander Khulna Naval area & Officer in charge of field intelligence staff (FIS), Khulna.
While in Russia, she famously met and interviewed Lee Harvey Oswald in 1959, four years before he assassinated U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
She moved to the Los Angeles bureau office in the 1950s, working as a radio news writer and feature writer during United Nations meetings in San Francisco.
She was also one of the first to interview Marilyn Monroe after nude photos she had posed for in 1949 were published as a calendar.
She temporarily resigned from the UP in Los Angeles and moved to Europe, signing with the London UP office shortly afterwards.
On November 8, 1994, Dorr won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 4, seat A. Dorr defeated Lou Horvath and Christopher A.C. Smith with 47.6% of the votes.
Percy Addison Wood (1920–2008) was a United Airlines executive and also notable for being injured by a bomb sent by Ted Kaczynski, (a.k.a.
Wood had never met Kaczynski, and Kaczynski is believed to be fascinated with wood, sometimes encasing his bombs in wood, and may have chosen Wood in part for his name.
Wood was injured June 10, 1980, in the fourth explosion attributed to the Unabomber, and suffered burns and cuts over much of his body when he opened a package left in the mailbox of his Lake Forest, Illinois home.
Wood was born in Oakland, California and resided in San Mateo, CA, Greenwich, CT and Lake Forest, IL, prior to retiring to Florida.
Wood joined United in 1941, and was named president of the airline in 1978, taking over the post from Richard J. Ferris, who was named chairman of the board.
Wood attained the highest honor at both the Boy Scouts (Eagle Scout) and the Sea Scouts, as well as being a Troop Leader.
In the last years of his life he lived in Sandhill Cove in Palm City, FL, and was 22-year resident of Mariner Sands, Stuart, FL.
He was preceded in death by his wife of 64 years, Mary Sherwood Wood with whom he had four sons as well as nine grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.
Achkoda (sometimes spelled Anchkoda) is a village in the Neturia CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Achkoda had a total population of 1,178, of which 596 (51%) were males and 582 (49%) were females.
The 2016 Bell 525 Relentless prototype crash occurred at approximately 11:48 AM Central Daylight Time during a test flight on July 6, 2016 near Italy, Texas, destroying the prototype Bell 525 Relentless helicopter and killing the two occupants.
The aircraft, carrying registration N525TA, broke up in flight while traveling about at an altitude of about ; the main rotor contacted and severed the tail boom due to severe vertical oscillatory motions.
The crew were performing one engine inoperative (OEI) recovery testing; during the test a scissors-mode vibration in the main rotor, resulted in involuntary collective control inputs and the unintended biomechanical feedback loop exacerbated the vibration, until the rotor contacted the tail-boom.
The destruction of the prototype delayed type certification of the Bell 525 for a year and a filter was added to the collective input control to avoid recurrence of the biomechanical feedback.
At the time of the accident, it had accumulated 200 hours of flight time while serving as the primary development and envelope expansion (D&EE) vehicle.
The accident occurred during Test number 184 (approximately the 184th flight of the test aircraft) while recording data for record 51 (the 51st test point of test flight 184).
The test flight lifted off at approximately 10:38 AM and the pre-planned sequence of tests included a simulation of several one engine inoperative (OEI) scenarios, which simulated the power loss associated with the failure of one of the aircraft's two engines; the OEI simulation was accomplished through a special software mode which limited the output of both engines without shutting down any engine.
Engaging the OEI mode caused the rotor rotation speed to decrease, and the flight crew lowered the collective to 50% or less, which restored rotor rotation speed.
In January 2018, the US National Transportation Safety Board released its findings, saying that the aircraft had suffered from severe inflight vibrations, which resulted in a loss of rotor RPM, subsequent rotor flapping and rotor impact with the tailboom, causing the inflight break-up.
During Record 51, which was to be the final OEI scenario of Test 184, the software dropped engine torque output from 92% to approximately 60% at 3.5 seconds into the test.
This was performed at the rated not-to-exceed speed of the aircraft, true airspeed and reduced the rotor rotation speed to 90% by 6 seconds into the test; the flight crew lowered the collective to only 60%, and the rotor rotation speed never recovered above 93%.
At the same time, a significant vibration at a frequency of 6 Hz was recorded in the tail rotor gearbox and tail mast.
By 10 seconds into the test, the 6 Hz vibration was recorded throughout the airframe and continued to grow; the pilot's chair experienced vertical accelerations of ±3  at 12 and 17.5 seconds into the test, with a displacement amplitude reaching ±7% of nominal position.
At approximately 20.25 seconds into the test, the main rotor red blade was flapping out-of-plane with a displacement sufficient to exceed the instrument's capacity; 0.5 seconds later, recorded airframe loads indicated the main rotor had struck the tail boom.
Although the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) memory was not damaged, none of the recorded audio was pertinent to the investigation as it did not appear to have been working during the test.
The NTSB stated that a working CVDR would have helped to determine when the pilots first detected the severe vibration and a cockpit image recorder for test and experimental helicopters would have shown the actions they took to respond to it.
In its preliminary report, the NTSB concluded that biomechanical feedback (unintended control inputs resulting from involuntary pilot motions induced by vehicle accelerations) for the collective control contributed to the aircraft's vibration.
The cyclic control was equipped with a biomechanical feedback filter to prevent unintended inputs, but the collective control was not so equipped, resulting in a feedback loop which worsened the 6 Hz vibration.
In addition, the prototype 525's attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) was designed to detect and respond to uncommanded accelerations to reduce their effects, such as external buffeting from winds.
After the accident, Bell amended the control paradigm, improving the filter on side-stick collective inputs to block transmission of stick vibrations to the rotor system.
Prior to returning the 525 to flight, Bell also made the onboard voice and flight data recorder operational, recorded and archived all communication between the flight and ground crews, and installed cockpit video cameras.
In 2018, the NTSB issued a recommendation to the Flight Test Safety Committee to develop guidance for the use of cockpit voice and flight data recorders during test flights.
Edward Elliot Elson (born 1934 Norfolk, Virginia) is a non-career appointee who was the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Denmark from 1993 until 1998.
Elson was also a faculty and Board member of the University of Virginia and Chairman of the Board of the following: Bank of Gordon County; Elsonýs; Atlanta News Agency, Inc.; W.H.
His civic accomplishments include being Charter Trustee of Phillips Academy, director of Hampton Investments, Rector of the University of Virginia, First Chairman of National Public Radio and Chairman of the Jewish Publication Society.
Bouteloua simplex, colloquially known as matted grama or mat grama, is a grass species in the grama genus native to much of the Americas.
It is present in the southwestern and central United States, found as far north as Wyoming, as west as Arizona and Utah, and as east as Texas and Nebraska.
During his academic career, Murray became the first professor at Queen's to offer courses to women, however, his equality advocacy caused unrest among the male professors.
In 1869, he subsequently became the first professor at Queen's to offer courses to women, nearly a decade before the University of Toronto followed suit.
Murray stayed at Queen's until 1871 when he accepted a position at McGill University as their Frothingham Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.
He also taught classes for the Montreal Ladies’ Educational Association and the Kingston Ladies’ Educational Association, the Glenmore Summer School of Philosophy, the Cooper Union and the People’s Institute in New York City, and the Presbyterian College of Montreal.
His continued advocacy caused problems between him and McGill Principal John William Dawson, which forced Murray to retire from teaching in 1903.
The height of their confrontations occurred during a women's graduation ceremony, where Murray spoke favourably of including women in men's spaces at McGill.
Miss International Queen 2020, will be the 15th Miss International Queen pageant, it will be held on March 7, 2020, at Pattaya City in Thailand.
The 1899 VFL Season was the Geelong Football Club's third season in the Victorian Football League and its third with Jack Conway as captain.
In the final series, Geelong finished with 2 wins and 1 loss, finishing in second position on the Section B Ladder.
The leading goalkicker was Eddy James with 31 goals, who also won the league's leading goalkicker medal for the second time.
Six players made their debut in the VFL this season, and Eddy James, for a third year in a row, led the goalkicking tally with 31 goals.
Geelong were competitive this season finishing the home and away season with a 10-4 record, finishing in second position, and qualifying for the Section B finals.
Alfred David Norman (5 March 1885 – 1 February 1963) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1908 to 1912.
He made his highest first-class score of 68, the highest score of the match, when Canterbury beat Wellington by 322 runs in 1910-11.
He was also the leading batsman in Christchurch senior club cricket that season, with 651 runs at an average of 65.10.
The Baojun E100 is an electric two-seater microcar, with two doors and a hatch at the rear, and a design similar to a smart electric drive car and is the first vehicle in Baojun's electric microcar series.
The facility is located at No.3 Parking Lot of the Athletes Village in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, and is designed to treat people with the 2019 novel coronavirus.
On January 27, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the allocation of 300 million yuan to subsidize the construction of Huoshenshan Hospital and Leishenshan Hospital.
The same day, the State Grid Corporation of China announced to donate 60.28 million yuan worth of physical materials to the construction of the two hospitals.
The 1931 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1931 college football season.
Eustis, who died in 1969 at the age of 62, served as athletic director at nearby Exeter High School, where the school named its football field after him in 1970.
Mahapatabadige Anthony Crisman Kivlojiyas Perera (born 13 September 1921 – died 20 May 1988 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as Anthony C. Perera, was an actor in Sri Lankan cinema and theater.
One of the earliest pillars in Sri Lankan film history, Perera also worked as a singer, screenplay writer and director in his career that spanned more than four decades.
Perera was born on 13 September 1921 in a small village of Mahawewa Vee Hena, Chilaw, in Puttalam as the eldest of the family.
He entered Mahawewa Junior School for primary education and then moved to Tudella Roman Catholic College (currently known as Christ King College, Tudella) for further education.
Then with his father's transfer to a new plantation in Kurunegala, Perera shifted to Budupitiya Roman Catholic School which was about 7 miles from Kurunegala.
Wilfred later became a distinguished teacher at St. Benedict's College, Kotahena and produced several popular figures, including; Vijaya Kumaratunga, Ravindra Randeniya and Robin Fernando.
For five and a half years, Perera fought with the forces of the Allies against the enemy in the jungles of the desert.
After many years in civil service, Perera met one of his friends, H. M. L. Tissera, who owns Ratnavali Cinema, Ja-Ela.
Tubby T (real name Anthony Robinson, 9 September 1974 – 22 May 2008) was a British reggae, dancehall, garage and grime MC and singer from Brent, London.
As well as Sticky, Tubby T worked with other artists such as MJ Cole, Sweetie Irie, Ms. Dynamite and Buju Banton.
Brad Hart is an American attorney and politician, currently serving as Mayor of Cedar Rapids, Iowa since he defeated Monica Vernon in the December 5, 2017 runoff election.
As the role of mayor is a part-time position, Hart continues to work as a business lawyer at Bradley & Riley.
After graduating from law school, Hart began his career in Houston, Texas before relocating to Iowa to work at Bradley & Riley, where he specializes in corporate mergers and business law.
As neither candidate earned more than 50 percent of votes cast in the general election, both continued on to a runoff held in December 2017.
In February 2019, Hart appeared on C-SPAN to discuss recovery from the Iowa flood of 2008 and the growing infrastructure crisis in Iowa.
Wei Yiyin (; born September 1962) is a Chinese space scientist currently serving as deputy general manager of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation.
Coffin bread starts as a thick Texas toast style slab of white bread which is hollowed out and either toasted or fried before being filled with a creamy stew of chicken, seafood, tripe, or mushroom.
Sheikh Hasina Medical University, established in Khulna division to supervise whether these public and private medical institutions will be functioning properly.
In this, Sheikh Hasina Medical University will be responsible for the medical and dental colleges, nursing colleges, institute of health technology (IHT), medical education institutes.
This is a list of sieges, land and naval battles of the War of the First Coalition (20 April 1792 – 18 October 1797).
It includes the battles of the Flanders campaign, the Rhine campaigns, the 1792 incursions into Switzerland, the Italian campaigns, the Mediterranean campaign of 1793–1796, the War of the Pyrenees, overseas naval or colonial battles (insofar these were not part of the Haitian Revolution or East Indies threatre), and insurrections in Paris that overtook or threatened to overtake the central government.
It does not include battles from the War in the Vendée (1793), nor the Chouannerie (1794–1800), nor the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), nor the East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars (1793–1801).
The volleyball competitions at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games in the Singapore were held from 29 May to 4 June 1983.
Palmer was one of the most well known and highly regarded Italian stage actresses of her time, and came to be highly regarded outside of Italy as well.
Garner served as athletic director at Appalachian State University from 1982 to 1990, and as athletic director at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater from 1990 to 1993.
During his time as athletic director at Appalachian State, Garner hired future College Football Hall of Fame coaches Mack Brown and Jerry Moore as head coach of the Mountaineers.
It services five major pipelines in the second district of the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts including Dakota Access and the Keystone Pipeline.
It has 82 storage tanks and stores up to 19 million barrels of crude oil, servicing five major incoming as well as five major outgoing pipelines.
It has more than 50 storage tanks and facilitates the transport of oil through pipelines to refineries in various parts of the United States.
It was responsible for three-quarters of pipeline movements in that district in 2010 and processes approximately 2.2 million barrels of oil per day.
It was reported by the Chicago Tribune that Dakota Access paid approximately $750,000 in tax revenue for its operations in Illinois.
Until the 1998–1999 school year, each student attended the school closest to his or her home, beginning in kindergarten and ending with graduation from fifth grade.
In 2009, the newly built Peekskill Middle School caused a shift in the locations of grades yet again and consequently moved grades one through five around.
Y1 adrenocortical cell is a murine tumor cell line used for biomedical research as a model systems for adrenal cortex studies.
The initial concept of the Chinese Society of Astronautics was proposed in 1977 and accepted by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST).
The 2005 Queensland Cup season was the 10th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
The competition, known as the Queensland Wizard Cup due to sponsorship from Wizard Home Loans featured 11 teams playing a 26-week long season (including finals) from March to September.
The North Queensland Cowboys finished as minor premiers and defeated the Burleigh Bears 36–6 in the Grand Final at Suncorp Stadium to claim their first premiership.
Brothers-Valleys, who joined the competition in 2004, withdrew after just one season and were not replaced, with the competition featuring 11 teams for the first time since 2001.
The Brisbane Broncos, Melbourne Storm and North Queensland Cowboys were again affiliated with the Toowoomba Clydesdales, Norths Devils and North Queensland Young Guns respectively.
North Queensland took out the minor premiership and qualified for the finals for the first time since joining the Queensland Cup in 2002, losing just three games in the regular season.
Defending premiers Burleigh, who finished the season in 3rd, defeated Norths in the Week 1 qualifying final to set up a contest with the Young Guns.
The Young Guns opened the scoring in the 8th minute, when Neil Sweeney kicked a penalty goal after prop Jaiman Lowe was taken high by Bears' second rower Adam Hutchison.
Seven minutes later, North Queensland recorded the first try of the game when centre David Myles sliced through some soft defence to score.
In the 28th minute, Burleigh finally got on the board thanks to a long range try to former North Queensland Cowboy Trent Leis.
Two minutes before half time, the Young Guns extended their lead to 12 when Neil Sweeney scored under the posts thanks to a Brent McConnell line break.
The second half was scoreless until the final 10 minutes, when the Young Guns ran in three unanswered tries on their way to their first premiership.
From the set following the kick off, captain Daniel Strickland burst through the Bears' defensive line and sent fullback Jason Barsley away to score under the posts.
Finally, in the 76th minute, a McConnell chip kick was regathered by Muspratt, who kept it alive, with the ball going through five sets of hands before Myles finished the play for his second try.
Three players from the victorious Young Guns' side, Gavin Cooper, Matthew Scott and Scott Bolton, would go onto become club legends for the North Queensland Cowboys, with all three winning an NRL premiership with the club in 2015.
Doordarshan is an upcoming 2020 Indian Hindi- language comedy drama film directed by Gagan Puri and produced by Arya Films (Ritu Arya).
Wu Hanming (; born June 1952) is a Chinese microelectronics engineer and the current vice-president of the Technology R & D department of Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation.
During the Down to the Countryside Movement, he became a sent-down youth in his hometown and forced to work in the fields instead of going to middle school.
After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he obtained a doctor's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China.
This list of most-liked tweets contains the top 20 tweets with the most likes of all time on the social networking platform Twitter; Twitter does not provide an official list but the news media makes lists.
The following table lists the top 20 most-liked tweets on Twitter, the account that tweeted it, the total number of likes rounded to the nearest ten thousand, and the date it was originally tweeted.
Alexander Goldberg (1906-1985) was an Israeli chemical engineer and was President of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology from 1965–1973.
Goldberg is a chemical engineer, and was general director of the chemical firm Chemicals and Phosphates, at which he began to work in 1948.
He also held the post of managing director of the Negev Phosphates Co., and was a member of the board of the Dead Sea Works.
Mingus has given many keynote addresses at National events, including: the Femmes of Color Symposium in Oakland, CA in 2011, Queer and Asian conference (2013), and Disability Intersectionality Summit (2018).
16 players played in the first edition of the Billie Jean King Invitational which would later become the LA Women's Tennis Championships.
In the final it was top seed Billie Jean King who won 6–1, 6–2 against Rosie Casals who she played against in the previous week.
That year was put on paid leave, after district staff filed a lawsuit in federal court in regards to conduct they alleged Ross had done.
Pseudocoris heteroptera, the torpedo wrasse or zebra wrasse, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a wrasse from the family Labridae.
The males of this species are strikingly coloured deep turquoise with a wide black irregular stripe behind the eye, alternating light and dark bands on the body towards the caudal fin which has dark outer rays causing the tail to appear deeply forked.
The juveniles are mainly white in colour but are marked with a black stripe along their back and a wide black stripe along the flanks.
They can quickly change colour as they move from swimming near the seabed into open water to feed when the striped pattern of the female fades to an plain grey rendering the fish difficult to discern.
There are 9 spines and 12 rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 12 rays in the anal fin.
It is distributed from the Line Islands west to Indonesia, north as far as Taiwan and southern Japan, and in the south its distribution extends to the Great Barrier Reef.
The defensive behaviour of this species is to stay away from the substrate and remain some distance from the perceived threat and not to dive into shelter.
The association was incorporated to undertake regulation of Charitable Institutions and Associations issued by the decision of the Council of Ministers No.
The association aims to raise general awareness of Alzheimer's among Saudis, improving the standard of health and living of patients while supporting and encouraging them, operationalizing the partnership between philanthropists, encouraging research relating to Alzheimer's in both mental and medical sectors, and establishing a database of the disease and the patients.
The Mahopac school board selected Forest City Regional School District superintendent John Kopicki as the successor, but Kopicki chose not to take the position.
The 53rd Parliament will contain 120 members plus any overhang seats, and will serve from after the 2020 general election, until another election is called.
Members of Parliament (MPs) will represent 72 geographical electorates: 16 in the South Island, 49 in the North Island and 7 Māori electorates.
The number of geographical electorates will increase by one compared to the 2017 election, to account for the North Island's higher population growth.
To achieve proportionality across electorates, there are a number of (mostly) boundary changes required to electorates based on population data determined through the 2018 census and projected population growth: eight electorates in the South Island and eleven in the North Island, as well as three Māori electorates, will have their boundaries adjusted.
The 2020 Malaysia M3 League is the 2nd season of Malaysia M3 League the third-tier semi-professional football league in Malaysia since its establishment in 2019.
On 19 January 2020, the AFL has announced the format changes for the M3 and M4 League in preparation for the transition of the amateur team to semi-professionals by 2021.
The league will kick-off with 20 teams and to be split into 2 groups, an increase of 6 teams compared to 14 teams in the previous edition.
The top 12 teams with a good financial record will remain in the M3 League 2021 while the remaining 8 teams will advance to the M4 League which will be formed with the 4 best teams M4 2020.
AFL-recognized state and private leagues, originally part of the League The M4 2020 will be part of the M5 League in 2021.
Malaysia M3 League clubs can sign a maximum of four foreign players in the 2020 season, up from two as compared to 2019.
Ramzan Khan, popularly known as Munna Master an Indian singer and social worker who sings Bhajans (devotional songs) and takes care of cows.
He came to limelight for his dedication to cows and Krishna-bhakti after a controversy erupted over the appointment of his son, Feroze Khan as an assistant professor at Banaras Hindu University's Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan Department in November 2019.
She is a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and the William R. (1964) And Linda R. Young Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Upon joining the brain and cognitive sciences faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nedivi was awarded a 1999 Sloan Research Fellowship.
The next year, Nedivi and her research team discovered molecules in adult brains that allowed the organ to grow and change.
Based on her discovery, Nedivi, Jeffrey Cottrell, and colleagues from Yale University identified a gene that suggests that the brain's plasticity gene 2 and the protein it encodes are important in balancing receptor turnover.
Upon conducting further research, she found that the gene cpg15 was vital to the survival of neural stem cells in early development.
She was subsequently granted Academic tenure the following year and named an American Federation for Aging Research 2007 Julie Martin Mid-Career Award in Aging Research grantee.
As the Fred and Carole Middleton Assistant Professor of Neurobiology, she conducted a study to find the possibility of growing new cells to replace ones damaged by disease or spinal cord injury.
By 2008, her research team discovered that a type of neuron related to Autism spectrum disorders developed in a thin strip of brain tissue at the upper border of cortical layer 2.
In 2016, she was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her contributions to the field of neuroscience.
That same year, she found that a protein known as CPG2 was important in regulating the receptor reabsorption and its connections between neurons.
Its schools are William O. Schaefer Elementary School (Tappan), Cottage Lane Elementary School (Blauvelt), South Orangetown Middle School (Blauvelt), and Tappan Zee High School (Orangeburg).
Li Guojie (; born 29 May 1943) is a Chinese computer scientist who served as Dean of the School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
His father, Li Binqing (), was an educator who served as president of Shaodong County No.2 High School after the establishment of the Communist State.
A year and a half later, he was assigned to a crystal factory in the suburb of the capital city Guiyang.
After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he earned his Master of Engineering degree from the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in August 1981.
He returned to China in January 1987 and became a researcher at the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In February 1990 he was appointed director of the State Intelligent Computer Research and Development Center by the State Scientific and Technological Commission.
He assumed the position of director of the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in December 1999, and remained dean until January 2011.
In January 2012 he was chosen as dean of the School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
John Wood (died 24 December 1623) was an English politician, elected MP for Bossiney in the parliaments of 1614 and 1621.
Covering about the site lies at the main entrance to the town centre of Worthing for both rail, via Worthing railway station, and road, via the A24 and A27.
The site is bounded by Railway Approach to the north, the A24 Broadwater Road to the east, the A2031 Teville Road to the south and Grand Central Hotel to the west.
Teville Gate takes its name from the former tollgate that stood on the site for the Worthing to West Grinstead turnpike, close to the Teville Stream which flows through the area.
A £150 million development was put forward by Hanson which would have included more than 200 flats in twin towers, conference centre, hotel, multiplex cinema and supermarket received planning permission in 2010.
In 2015 ownership of the site was divided between Mosaic (formerly Mosaique), which took control of the majority of the site, with Hanson retaining the former Teville Gate House.
With planning approval given in June 2019, by 2020 Hanson had begun work on constructing a £29 million five-storey office block for HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
In February 2019 Mosaic submitted a proposal to include 378 homes, a supermarket, an 83-bed hotel, gym and space for some retail and restaurants.
LCE Architects modified part of the 2018 designs from AROS to include changing block A at the corner of Teville Road and Broadwater Road to reflect the local influence of Art Deco within Worthing.
A decision was expected to be given on the planning application for the rest of the site owned by Mosaic on 4 March 2020.
If built, Block C would be the tallest building in Worthing at 60 metres tall (22 storeys), taller than Bayside which stands at 52 metres tall (15 storeys).
Yusif Samadoghlu (, 25 December 1935 — 17 August 1998) was an Azerbaijani writer, People's Writer of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
He was transferred from the 4th year of the institute to the faculty of philology of Baku State University and studied here in 1957-1958.
He was a member of the National Council of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which was established on November 26, 1991.
The work is essentially a global issue as it focuses on the human problem, the spiritual development of the person, and the need for greater perfection.
Miyuki Ueta (born 1974) is a Japanese murderer and suspected serial killer, convicted of two murders in Tottori and possibly responsible for four others, starting from 2004 and lasting until October 2009.
In this case, Miyuki Ueta was arrested on November 2, 2009 for fraud, with the Tottori Prefectural Police using her real name and distributing the press release to news agencies.
However, most of the weekly magazines published the suspect's real name and photographs of her likeness, including sensational headlines reporting her upbringing and life situation.
According to media researcher Keiichi Katsura, the series of reports of Ueta's real name did not slow even after police decided to point out that her guilt wasn't even established yet.
After Ueta was arrested for robbery and murder on January 28, 2010, news agencies and major newspapers switched to reporting her real name officially.
On March 20, 2014, the Matsue Branch of the Hiroshima High Court, headed by Judge Ihei Tsukamoto, dismissed the appeal in favor of the death penalty.
On said date, the second Supreme Court trial, again headed by Hiroshi Koike, rejected Ueta's appeal, thus confirming her death sentence.
Ueta appealed the decision, alleging that the Supreme Court was prejudiced against her, but on August 23rd, that appeal was also rejected, confirming the death sentence for the final time.
Miyuki Ueta is the 16th post-war and second female prisoner to be given such a sentence, preceded only by the aforementioned Kanae Kijima.
One magazine supporting Masumi Hayashi, convicted of a mass poisoning in 1988 and currently incarcerated in the Osaka Detention House, drawed comparisons between her and Ueta's case, despite them having no relation.
Since her 2009 conviction, Ueta was housed in the Matsue District Prison, but in 2017, she was transferred to the Hiroshima Detention House.
This is a partial list of actors and actresses who have played the role of a real or fictitious President of the Philippines in films, television, and other media.
Central United Talmudical Academy of Monsey or Central UTA of Monsey (CUTAM) is a Hasidic jewish school, with separate boys' and girls' campuses, in Airmont, New York.
There were expansion plans to have a new campus with a capacity about 2,000 students in 44 classrooms, with half of each student count being boys and girls, and with each gender's school building having of space.
By 2017 the boys' school remained in an off-site leased building while it had moved the girls' school to the new site.
In November 2018 the school filed a federal lawsuit against the Village of Airmont, accusing it of wrongfully using building code and zoning rules against the school and against the Suffern Central School District for denying transportation to the school's disabled students.
In 2020 Vincent Briccetti, a U.S. district court judge, ruled that the trial may proceed as he found enough evidence for such.
When the Koninklijke Fabriek was restarted as Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en spoorwegmaterieel (later Werkspoor) on 22 May 1891, the shipbuilding activities were stopped.
In 1893 former employees of the Koninklijke Fabriek then contacted Jacob Theodoor Cremer, and he founded the new company Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij (NSM).
The literal meaning of the name was 'Dutch shipbuilding company', a name that would later prove not to be an exaggeration.
NSM acquired (leased) the terrain of the former shipyard of the Koninklijke Fabriek, but not the terrain of the engine factory.
Because it used the grounds and the former employees of the Koninklijke Fabriek, the NSM was a successor of the Koninklijke Fabriek, but only from an organizational perspective.
Geertsema for 15; H.C. van den Honert 10; Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland for 62; Oostersche Handel en Reederij 10; Johann Gottlieb Sillem for 12; Firma Lippman Rosenthal 10; L. Serrurier 10.
1 The shipyard would only be competitive if the workers could work in piece rate pay, doing the same work all the time.
The latter led to disturbance in quick shipbuilding and prevented the use of piece rate pay, because the work was not continuous.
2 The nucleus of most of the workforce of current shipyards in Amsterdam had still been educated in the art of building wooden ships.
Young people would have to be educated in shipbuilding, and they could no doubt produce significantly more if they had an interest to do so.
3 The necessary materials for shipbuilding could be acquired (delivered) in Amsterdam for nearly the same prices as in other places with successful shipbuilding industries.
A Dutch shipyard that delivered solid work at a competing price might also count on a fair amount of work for Dutch shipping lines.
This was especially the case now that these shipping lines got more and more convinced that their ships should preferably be built at Dutch shipyards, and that the government demanded it in certain contracts with these shipping lines.
5 A good shipbuilder that was located in an industrial center like Amsterdam, next to a renowned machine- and boiler factory (the Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en spoorwegmaterieel (later Werkspoor)) did not have to build its own machines and boilers.
That way he could focus on the core business, while remaining free to buy machinery at the best conditions, or according to the choice of the principal.
The plan for the shipyard had also determined that the terrain of the former shipyard of Van Vlissingen ( Third Conradstraat) would be the location of the new shipyard.
Plans to move to the other side of the IJ had been considered, but had been rejected for the moment, because the workers lived on the south side of the IJ.
The tender was for an office, a carpentry hall, a workplace with engine room and boiler house, a lunchroom with doorman's home.
It also called for filling up a harbor and making fences and shoring for the terrain on the Wittenburgergracht and third Conrad street.
On 7 March 1895 the NSM launched its first vessel, the Amsterdam V. It was a steam vessel of 65.5 m and 600 ihp meant for a river service between Amsterdam and Mannheim.
It was a steel ship of 1,700 tons, and was claimed to be the biggest KPM ship for service in the Indies.
On 7 August 1896 a suction dredger of about 350 tons was launched for the shipyard Conrad, and ultimately the Russian government.
Another was launched at about the same time, and the third, a suction dredger hopper barge followed on 5 September 1896.
This terrain was connected to the former shipyard Gebroeders van Lindern, which also exploited the Koningsdok that layed just west of it.
It measured 29.25 m by 21.36 m, had a hold of 3.32 m, weighed 440,000 kg and could lift 1,250,000 kg.
The dock had four 18 inch centrifugal pumps each with their own compound steam engine and each with a capacity of 2,000 tons an hour.
Soon the shipyard had a serious lack of space, and in 1899 the company leased a terrain from the Amsterdam Municipality to build a new fifth slipway.
It was not a structural solution: The Oosterdoksluis, which connected the shipyard to the IJ only allowed ships with a beam of up to 15.4 m to pass.
In the end this was solved, but there was also a railway bridge behind it, and this would not be extended to more than 18 m.
The infrastructural and other problems of the Amsterdam shipbuilding industry were so big that in 1905 the shipyards in Amsterdam built only 15,000 of the 180,000 tons of ships that were built.
In 1907 the tonnage for sea-going ships was 51,000 tons, with the NSM as second biggest shipyard with three ships for 10,500 tons.
In 1908 the NSM was the third biggest Dutch shipyard, with 4 ships for 6,600 tons after De Schelde with 11,000 and Fijenoord with 10,800 tons.
Nevertheless, the interests of the Rijkswerf which was also dependent on the Oosterdoksluis, and therefore those of the Dutch navy, were probably more important.
In 1909 the NSM was the Dutch shipyard that launched most tonnage with 15,054 tons, and the shipyard that had by far the most tonnage still under construction.
Of this four steamships, a tugboat and a floating dock totaling 26,990 tons by NSM, De Schelde was second with four steamships 12,140 ton.
NSM launched five ships for 31,000 brt; RDM six ships for 31,000; Fijenoord three for 15,000; Wilton two for 1,250; De Schelde one for 9,000t; Bonn & Mees one for 7,000.
It had three centrifugal pumps driven by electrical engines of 110 hp, capable of floating the drydock in four hours at maximum load.
These pumps, and three smaller pumps driven by 35 hp electrical engines, as well as tubing, had been delivered by Firma Louis Smulders, machine factory 'Jaffa' from Utrecht.
If the cost of building a ship was 90-100 guilders a ton in July 1914, it was claimed to be near 350 guilders in January 1917.
The real problems for the Dutch shipping lines began with the resumption of the unrestricted submarine warfare on 1 February 1917, and especially the American declaration of war with Germany on 6 April 1917.
The objective was to get supplies at prices more affordable to the public, but this of course limited the profits of the shipping lines.
The motor schooners were small ships, they were smaller than the minimum size of 400 tons that the government could impound.
One of the highlights built by the NSM during the war was the SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen of 159 m by 18.4 m and 11,140 GRT launched on 30 September 1914.
She was built while the entrance to the IJ from the shipyard did not allow ships with such width to pass.
All in all the maximum width of the exit from the Oosterdok spelled the end for the location of the shipyard on the Conradstraat.
Many of the workshops were in a main building of 140 by 125 m with overhead cranes and many modern machines.
There was a drill machine that made up to 32 holes at a time, with the sheet metal moving automatically to the next position for the holes to be drilled.
In an engine house there were machines to transform the electricity from the municipal grid to the kind required to drive power tools, all machines being driven electrically.
The lower end of these slipways was below the waterline and closed of by doors, so ships could easily be launched by letting water onto the slipway.
On the day of the opening the new shipyard started its activity with the construction of a new floating drydock using two of the slipways at the same time.
Mr. Goedkoop, CEO of NSM noted that it was a bit weird to open a new shipyard while many were closing down.
Shipping lines ordered almost nothing, and competition was so fierce that only very well established companies made a chance to get orders that did not result in a loss, or resulted in only a very limited loss.
All this made that there was little reason for festivities, especially because there was no end in sight for the problems.
However, the shareholders, staff and laborers, from the board till the lowest apprentice should realize they would have to be satisfied with somewhat less than before.
Indeed NSM increased its number of employees by 50% in the second half of 1922, but it also lowered its dividend over 1922 to 5% even while it had enough work.
It was for a new Ocean liner and the first order in 18 years that the SMN did not place at the NSM.
NSM offered for 6,270,000 guilders, but the Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire in Saint-Nazaire offered for 4,900,000 guilders, something made possible by currency manipulation.
After the drydocks under construction at the new shipyard had been delivered, the NSM did not succeed in getting orders for the new shipyard.
In 1925 the NSM pursued multiple orders for cost price, or below, but would not succeed in getting a single order.
In the evening of 10 December 1925 a fire broke out below the 180 m long big slipway on the Conrad street.
The tanker was insured for 3,000,000 guilders, and a new one was laid shortly after on the new shipyard on the other side of the IJ.
On 23 January 1926 a replacement for the lost tanker was laid down at the new shipyard on the other side of the IJ.
On 14 December 1926 the company officially moved to the new shipyard when the offices and seat of the board were moved.
The number of ships launched always lagged behind, but was 7 for the whole of 1926, and 33 for the first three quarters of 1927.
The tonnage ordered by and under construction for Dutch companies on Dutch shipyards had diminished from 213,000 brt to 182,400 brt.
Operating on the world market for ship construction, the NSM was severely impeded by the Dutch government clinging to the gold standard.
There was no dividend over 1932, and work in progress dwindled down to a handful of ships and bridges in early 1933.
1935 saw a slight increase in the number of ships under construction at NSM, but orders were still taken at a loss.
Nevertheless, at the same price in the buyer currency, the NSM had to work at a loss while foreign companies made a profit.
From a financial perspective the orders in progress in 1936 or concluded before the devaluation would not contribute much to profits, because many materials would have to be bought with a weak guilder.
The result allowed a depreciation of 251,463 guilders, and a (real) profit of 133,988 guilders, which allowed a dividend of 5%.
In the shareholders meeting of 25 April 1940 the board stated that this fifth slipway had a direct relation with the expected construction of battle cruisers, cf.
In the morning of 10 May she was in her red primer, in the evening she was grey, and left for England without a single trial run of her engines.
A new crane that had been hidden during the war, and some repaired cranes would enable the shipyard to build some 4,000 ton ships within a few months.
A public company Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij would be founded to and all assets transferred to this company called NDSM.
Kobayashi trained at French restaurants in Japan before moving to France in 1998 to work with Gilles Goujon and Alain Ducasse.
Craig Morgan is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Kilruane MacDonagh's and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.
Morgan made his senior debut for Tipperary on 25 January 2020 when he came on as a substitute in the opening round of the 2020 National Hurling League against Limerick in a 0-18 to 2-14 defeat.
Also before the tournament begun, notable player withdrawals were Peter Thomson, selected to the Australian team, replaced by Errol Hardvigsen, Peter Oosterhuis, selected to the English team, replaced by Peter Wilcock, Terry Kendall, selected to the New Zealand team, replaced by Simon Owen and Brian Huggett, selected to the Welsh team, replaced by David Vaughan.
The United States team of Johnny Miller and Jack Nicklaus won by six strokes over the South Africa team of Hugh Baiocchi and Gary Player.
This was the 12th team victory for United States in the event, formerly named Canada Cup, since its inception in 1953.
He currently serves as an assistant coach for Lokomotiv Kuban of the Russian VTB United League, and as a scout for the Serbia national team.
In his first season as a head coach Karaičić was leading Hørsholm 79ers to the Danish Cup final, first one for the club since 1995, team lost final game playing against Bakken Bears.
In August 2018, Karaičić was named as an assistant coach for Lokomotiv Kuban of the Russian VTB United League, where season before he worked as a scout.
Two other sections exist north of the main section: the first is from Du Pélican Street to Charland Street, and the second is from De Port-Royal Street to north of Gouin Boulevard.
The 94 D'Iberville bus of the STM circulates along the street for much of its path, connecting D'Iberville station to Frontenac station.
From Le Plateau-Mont-Royal to Ville-Marie, D'Iberville Street runs parallel to Frontenac Street, where both streets' southern end is at Notre-Dame Street.
Frontenac Street's northern end is at D'Iberville Street, after Mont-Royal Avenue, where the two streets then merge and continue as D'Iberville Street.
The street is named after Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville (1661-1706), a soldier and explorer who was born in Montreal and was the third son of Charles Le Moyne.
In 1700, he founded the district of Louisiana (named in honor of King Louis XIV), and also served as its first governor in addition to founding the present-day city of Mobile, Alabama in 1702.
Misha Tsodyks is a leading theoretical and computational neuroscientist whose research focuses on identifying neural algorithms underlying cortical systems and cognitive behavior.
His most notable achievements include demonstrating the importance of sparsity in neural networks, describing the mechanisms of short-term synaptic plasticity and working and associative memory.
Tsodyks has received numerous awards for his work in the field including the Mathematical Neuroscience Prize, the Morris L. Levinson Biology Prize, membership of the Society for Neuroscience, and membership of the editorial board of various scientific journals.
Tsodyks received his Masters from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1983 and his doctorate from the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics.
He went on to work as a research scientist at various high profile institutions, including the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology at the USSR Academy of Science in 1987, the Racah Institute of Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1990, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in 1994.
He eventually assumed a position as Senior Investigator at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1995, which resulted in his becoming an Associate Professor in 2000, a Full Professor of Theoretical & Computational Neuroscience in 2005, and a department head in 2006.
In addition to his work at the Weizmann Institute, Tsodyks served as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University from 2010 to 2015, at which point he became a Visiting Professor.
He was a member of the editorial board of Neural Networks (journal) from 1999 to 2007, the Hippocampus (journal) from 1999 to 2003, and joined the editorial board of the Journal of Computational Neuroscience in 2000.
Elvis Eduardo Hidrobo Amoroso (born 4 August 1963) is a Venezuelan politician and lawyer who currently serves as the Comptroller General of Venezuela as of 23 October 2018.
In August 2017, he was elected as first and second vice president of the 2017 Constituent National Assembly and served until October 2017.
In the parliamentary elections of 1993 he was elected Deputy to the Congress of the Republic of the Radical Cause by circuit 2 of the Aragua state within the VIII Legislature .
In 2015, he ran as magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ) after losing re-election in the parliamentary elections of 6 December.
However, the Venezuelan constitution and the Organic Law of the Supreme Court of Justice establish that to be a magistrate the lawyer must be at least 15 years old in the exercise of the law, a requirement that Amoroso did not meet because he graduated as a lawyer at the Bicentennial University of Aragua in 2006.
He was elected as first vice president of the 2017 National Constituent Assembly from 18 August to 27 October of the same year when he is appointed second vice president.
Following Juan Guaidó's Latin American tour in February 2019, Amoroso alleged in March that Guaidó had not explained how he paid for the trip, and stated there were inconsistencies between his level of spending and income.
Amoroso said that Guaidó's 90 trips abroad had cost $94,000, and that Guaidó had not explained the source of the funds.
Based on these alleged financial discrepancies, Amoroso said Guaidó would be barred from running for public office for the maximum time allowed by law—fifteen years.
The comptroller general is not a judicial body; according to constitutional lawyer José Vicente Haro, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled in 2011, after Leopoldo López was barred from holding office, that an administrative body cannot disallow a public servant from running.
Constitutional law expert Juan Manuel Raffalli stated that Article 65 of Venezuela's Constitution provides that such determinations may only be made by criminal courts, after judgment of criminal activity.
On 22 September 2017, Canada sanctioned Amoroso due to rupture of Venezuela's constitutional order following the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election.
On 9 November 2017, Amoroso was sanctioned by the United States Office of Foreign Assets Control after the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election.
Bryan O'Mara is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Holycross-Ballycahill and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.
O'Mara made his senior debut for Tipperary on 25 January 2020 in the opening round of the 2020 National Hurling League against Limerick in a 0-18 to 2-14 defeat.
Burton Entertainment has represented Wheel of Fortune host Pat Sajak, actors Neil Patrick Harris and Mayim Bialik, singer-songwriter Jude Johnstone, producer/engineer Henry Lewy, and Texas folk-rock band Wheatfield/St.
Burton decided to pursue a career in talent representation while watching a local Houston, Texas singer-songwriter perform in a small coffee house.
For the next four years, he managed the Texas folk-rock band Wheatfield, ultimately named St. Elmo’s Fire, which included the singer-songwriter from the coffee house, Connie Mims.
In 1980, Burton relocated from Austin, Texas to Los Angeles, CA to advance his career of artist representation in music while expanding into television and film.
In 1985 Burton persuaded NBC Television’s ”The Today Show” to feature the Oregon Shakespeare Festival’s 50th Anniversary celebration in Ashland, Oregon.
Sajak Music, a music publishing company in 1997, and in 2001 BoJak Records was created and ultimately released 8 albums by Jude Johnstone.
The short documentary was selected for the New York Independent Film Festival, Prescott Film Festival, and Amsterdam Film Festivals in 2018.
Dillon Quirke is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Clonoulty-Rossmore and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.
Quirke made his senior debut for Tipperary on 25 January 2020 in the opening round of the 2020 National Hurling League against Limerick in a 0-18 to 2-14 defeat.
It extends from NNW to SSE for almost at the southern end of the Moma Range and west of the Kolyma River valley.
Harold Stabler (10 June 1872 – 11 April 1945) was a designer and craftsman in silver, enamels, pottery, glass and other materials.
He was educated at Heversham Grammar School, and was then apprenticed to a wood-carver in Kendal for seven years, after which he went to the art department of Liverpool University.
From 1907 to 1937 he was head of the art department of the Sir John Cass Institute, and from 1912 to 1926 he was also on the teaching staff of the Royal College of Art.
His designs included a silver and enamel mace for Westminster Cathedral, the ceremonial collar of the Royal Victorian Order, and works for the Goldsmiths' Company.
Stabler was one of the founders of the Design and Industries Association, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1938.
Win Tha Pyay Tun (; born May Ki Ki Tun on 30 June 1985) is a prominent Burmese traditional anyeint dancer and actress.
In 2015, she received a gold medal from Bauman University from Russia and was presented an honorary cultural award from the Russia Federation.
Her father Khayan Win Tun is a retired anyeint dancer and her mother Myanmar Malay Thapyay is a vocal coach at the State School of Fine Arts, Mandalay and retired anyeint dancer.
Her hard work as a dancer and supporting roles in films was noticed by the film industry and soon, film casting offers came rolling in.
Barr grew up near Chicago in Highland Park, Illinois and played college tennis for the University of Wisconsin–Madison, from 1975 to 1978.
He featured in the men's doubles main draw at the 1980 French Open and singles main draw at the 1982 Australian Open.
Hayk H. Chobanyan (; born March 5, 1973 in Tavush, Shamshadin region, Armenian SSR, USSR), is an Armenian historian, public official.
From 1990 to 1995 Hayk Chobanyan studied at the History Department of Yerevan State University, where he was the first president of YSU Student Council.
From 2001 to 2003 he worked as Publishing Director, from 2003 to 2012 as the Director of Nork Information and Analytical Center at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of the Republic of Armenia.
From 2014 to 2017 he worked as a Deputy Director of the Union of Information Technology Enterprises and Director of UITE EXPO.
On February 6, 2019, Hayk Chobanyan was appointed Governor of Tavush Marz by the decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia.
Georgina Fanny Cheffins (1863 – 29 July 1932) was an English militant suffragette who on her imprisonment in 1912 went on hunger strike for which action she received the Hunger Strike Medal from the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
In 1891 age 27 she is listed as living with her recently widowed father at The Grange House in the hamlet of Grange in Kent.
The 1901 Census records her as living with Eva (Evangeline) Lewis (1863–1928) in the St James's Mission in Sedgley in Cheshire; the Census lists them as 'lay sisters'.
In March 1912 the 49-year-old Cheffins threw a brick through the window of Gorringer's, a department store on Buckingham Palace Road in London.
On being arrested she appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court on 12 March 1912 before being arraigned at the London Sessions seven days later on 19 March 1912.
At her trial Cheffins said that she was a suffragist by conviction, because, after living and working among the very poor for more than twenty years, she had come to the conclusion that all efforts to improve their conditions were futile without the benefit of the franchise.
She supported the Women's Social and Political Union because she felt that their militant methods gave the best chance of success.
She was one of 68 women who added their signatures or initials to a handkerchief embroidered by prisoners in Holloway Prison in March 1912, and kept until 1950 by Mary Ann Hilliard, and still available to view at the Priest House in West Hoathly.
On her release from Holloway Cheffins received the Hunger Strike Medal from the leadership of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
Gyaneshwar Dayal started his career as a print journalist and later switched to electronic media serving an Indian news channel as a news producer.
Persona Non-Grata is about the plight of the people living in Indo Bangladesh enclaves or 'chitmahals' as they are called locally.
The issue was later addressed when India and Bangladesh signed an agreement abolishing the enclaves but the misery of the people has not gone.
In 1954-1958 he served as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, in 1965–1966 – as Executive Secretary of the ministry.
The agreement was nicknamed so, because Israel agreed to pay not in money (of which it had none), but in oranges from Jaffa and textiles.
Peat and Diesel are a three-piece band from Stornoway in the Isle of Lewis, Scotland, comprising Boydie MacLeod, Innes Scott and Uilly Macleod.
The band formed over Saturday sessions at the band members' homes in Stornoway, and grew in popularity through exposure on social media.
The band's songs mostly concern a humorous take on island life, and are predominantly in English, although they include some Gaelic words and phrases.
She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, and 2007 World Aquatics Championships.
The Jules Verne climatic wind tunnel at the Scientific and Technical Centre for Building (CSTB) site in Nantes is used for full-scale studies of building and construction components, as well as of vehicles and transport equipment.
It is classified as a major research facility and was reopened on the 29th of March 2019 by Francois de Rugy, Minister of State following an €8.5 million upgrade programme funded by Nantes Métropole, the Pays de la Loire region and the European Regional Investment Fund (FEDER).
In 2018 the wind tunnel was used by UNICEF for their innovation programme to develop a new series of high performance tents.
Ion Panait played one game at international level for Romania, in a 1958 World Cup qualification match against Yugoslavia which ended with a 2–0 loss.
Representatives of species: Pinion (Pinus cembroides), Pine (Pinus montezumae), Encino (Quercus intricata), Oak (Quercus polymorpha), Encino (Quercus rugosa), Encino (Quercus diversifolia), (Quercus potosina), Nopal (Opuntia spp.
He survived forced evacuation of the camp, the Death March of January 1945, from Auschwitz to Wodzisław Śląski, from which he was transported to KL Buchenwald.
In March 1965, while on governmental scholarship to the United States, he took part in Martin Luther King's march against racial segregation in the South of United States: from Selma to Montgomery.
He is a Vice-President of the Jewish Historical Institute Association in Poland, member of the Governing Board of the Association of Jews, War Veterans and Other Victims of the Second World War II, member of the The International Auschwitz Council and Council of the association, which is managing the House of the Wannsee Conference.
He is also an Honorary Committee member of the Jewish Motifs Association and the Jewish Motifs International Film Festival, which is organized by this association.
On 26 June 2016, on the occasion of his 90th birthday, he received occasional regards from, among others, President of Poland Andrzej Duda, President of Germany Joachim Gauck and Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel, President of United States Barack Obama, and President of Israel Shimon Peres.
In 2019, on the occasion of the International Holocaust Remembrance Day, he was invited to the United Nations to give a speech during the ceremony on the 28 January 2019, in the General Assembly room.
Freya Gregory (born 12 January 2003) is a English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Birmingham City in the FA WSL.
On 17 November 2019, Gregory made her senior debut for Birmingham City against Brighton & Hove Albion in a 3-0 FA WSL defeat.
In October 2019, Gregory was called to up to the England U17 team to play in the 2020 U17 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship qualification games and played against Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Belgium.
During a typical legislative session, about 6,000 bills to 4,500 amendments (including the governor’s executive budget bill) are introduced, deliberated on and sent for a vote.
Under Champagne’s tenure at the Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, numerous organizations have voiced frustration and concern over the handling of the Bureau.
In an open letter, The Librarians Association of Wisconsin called on Champagne to restore staffing at the Bureau, after he had eliminated half of its staff.
An article published by the La Crosse Tribune reported that Champagne had authorized the removal of over 300 pages from the iconic Wisconsin Legislative Blue Book, a historical gem for residents that dates back to 1901.
In March 2019, the Cap Times reported that Champagne was considering eliminating the Bureau through a merger with its sister agency, the Wisconsin Legislative Council.
Sreekaram is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Kishore Reddy and produced by Ram Achanta and Gopichand Achanta on 14 Reels Plus banner starring Sharwanand and Priyanka Arul Mohan in lead roles.
The film was formally announced in June and commenced with formal pooja on June 30,2019 aiming to begin production from August 2019.
In 1975, with the protection of the later suspended head of the collection Ernst Hilmar, he was employed in the music collection of the then Wienbibliothek im Rathaus, where he co-organized exhibitions on composers such as Schubert and Mozart, but often took leave of absence for his various extra-professional projects.
The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship Final was a football match that took place on 26 January 2020 at the Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand, to determine the winners of the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship.
The listed buildings consist of a college, two churches, farmhouses, a cottage and associated farm buildings, four mileposts, and a war memorial.
The 2006 Queensland Cup season was the 11th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League.
The competition, known as the Queensland Wizard Cup due to sponsorship from Wizard Home Loans featured 11 teams playing a 26-week long season (including finals) from March to September.
Toowoomba finished the regular season as minor premiers and charged into the Grand Final after a dominant 56–22 win over Redcliffe in the major semi final.
Redcliffe ended the season in 3rd place and upset the 2nd place North Queensland Young Guns 22–8 in the first week of the finals.
After the big loss to Toowoomba, the Dolphins defeated Easts 30–16 to qualify for their eighth Grand Final and their fourth against the Clydesdales.
In the regular season, Toowoomba defeated Redcliffe 42–28 in Round 8, while the Dolphins won the return match 34–16 in Round 18.
Toowoomba prop Ben Vaeau opened the scoring in just the 3rd minute of the contest when he steamrolled through the Dolphins defence from 10 metres out to score.
Redcliffe hit back in the 8th minute when halfback Marty Turner stepped through some soft defence to score under the posts.
With 10 seconds remaining in what was a tough first half, the Dolphins took the lead when fullback Ryan Cullen went through under the posts to score.
Redcliffe maintained their narrow six-point lead for most of the second half, before hooker Mick Roberts kicked a field goal in the 67th minute to extended his side's lead to seven.
Just over a minute later the Dolphins had their third try of the game when centre Nick Emmett batted down a Roberts' cross-field kick to his winger Rory Bromley who scored in the corner.
Redcliffe pulled off a carbon copy of the try five minutes later when Emmett brought down a Turner kick and handed it off to Bromley who got his second.
One of the foundation clubs of the competition, the Clydesdales ceased operations at the end of the year due to financial reasons.
KT Tyres first opened its doors on 10 September 2012, and worked exclusively with tyres - selling new and used tyres, fitting, balancing & repairing tyres.
In 2014 KT Tyres expanded the business by purchasing a wheel alignment machine and started offering 3D wheel alignment and also started filling tyres exclusively with nitrogen.
In 2017 mag repair and refurbishing was added to list of services offered and by 2018 they added a mechanical workshop to do suspension and other mechanical vehicle repairs.
The tyre shop was opened in 2012 by Kyle Campbell, who saw a opportunity in the market with the aim of helping customers as quickly as possible, thus establishing a reputation of providing fast service to get the edge over competition.
At the time KT Tyres only had 3 employees (incl the owner) and worked exclusively on tyres, adding rims to their repertoire the following year and nitrogen filling in 2014 and finally hot cure vulcanising in 2018.
In 2014 the owners parents Beverley and Duane, purchased a state ot the art 3D wheel alignment machine and procured the shop next door to the tyre shop as well as well known local wheel alignment expert technician and started offering wheel alignment and suspension checks under KT Tyres name.
In 2017 Duane Campbell purchased a mag repair lathe and a TIG welding machine to do mag repairs an refurbishing, although they initially struggled to find a competent technician to do the work resulting in the mags not taking off immediately.
In 2018 a diagnostic & key coding machine was purchased and a experienced mechanic was obtained to deal with mechanical work on vehicles.
In 1851 John Witt Randall, a notable naturalist, poet, and art collector, donated his collection of 700 books to form a library and left a bequest in his will to construct the currect library building and to fund a permanent trust.
The Showbread Institute (in Hebrew - Machon Lechem Hapanim מכון לחם הפנים) is a research institute dedicated to researching the biblical Showbread (also called Shewbread, Face Bread.
Founded in 2018 and located in Karnei Shomron, Israel, the Showbread Institute is run by Eliezer Meir (Les) Saidel, a Temple researcher and master baker.
Using multiple multiple modern scientific disciplines, coupled with an in-depth study of scripture and commentaries, the ShowBread Institute is attempting to reconstruct the biblical Showbread and uncover its secrets and hidden symbolism.
Nord Anglia School Jakarta (NIS Jakarta) is an international school providing education based on the British Curriculum, and the International Primary Curriculum, to expats and locals in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia.
The school is one of the oldest in Indonesia and was set up by an Indonesian lady to teach Dutch expatriate children in her home.
The school expanded thanks to subsidies from the Dutch government and relocated several times over the years, including Slipi and Cilandak, before its final and current move to Jalan Jeruk Perut.
Shankarhouda is an RSS Pracharak who worked in the Mangalore City from 1981 to 1984, he later joined the BJP in 1980 and has been an active member ever since then.
Their vocalist, Brigid Dawson brought a bluesy-style vocal to the music, which also had hints of psychedelia in it, in a similar vein to singers like Grace Slick.
By 2009, Ulmer she was at the front of her house selling her lemonade based on a 1940s recipe, using honey from local beekeepers.
It sold well and she was supplying a local pizza shop and giving 10% of the profits to charities that are concerned with honey bees.
Ulmer appeared with her father on the television show Shark Tank in 2015 where she successfully bid for $60,000 investment to support her growing business.
Paul Alphonse Hubert Mossay (1877- 25 June 1963, Knutsford) was a Belgian electrical engineer involved in the development of electric vehicles.
Mossay attended grammar school in Verviers and then went to University of Liège, where he gained a degree in Electrical Engineering.
However, he then went back to England and established Mossay and Co. as a consultancy company which worked with Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies in developing the Orwell Truck.
In 1889 William Allan Wilde (1827-1902), a Sunday school publisher and philanthropist who was a native of Acton, donated funds to construct the library to memorialize Acton's citizens who served in the American Civil War.
The historic Romanesque Revival library building was constructed in 1890 by the architects Hartwell and Richardson of Boston and contractor, Charles H. Dodge.
James McCarthy (born 5 January 1999) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays for Dragons as a wing or fullback.
He had been part of the Bristol Rovers academy and began playing rugby union aged 12, going on to represent Wales at under-18 schools level and scoring two tries in their win against Ireland under-18 schools in 2017, as well as being a member of the Newport Gwent Dragons academy.
Following his performances in his native Wales, McCarthy, who had been identified through the Irish Exiles pathway, was contacted by the Irish Rugby Football Union, who offered him a place in Munster's academy.
McCarthy spent two seasons with the province, featuring for their 'A' team on a number of occassions, and earning five caps for Ireland under-20s and playing against Wales, before opting to return to Wales in April 2019.
Bei Cun (), pen name of Kang Hong ( (Changting County, Fujian, September 16, 1965) is a Chinese avant-garde Christian novelist.
Kang Hong experienced the Cultural Revolution as a child first exposed to human evil, a theme that will return in his novels.
When a storm hits, all horses in a group follow their leader, the Old Black Horse, not realizing that it is as clueless as they are about how to save the herd.
Most Chinese critics divide Bei Cun's writing career in two separate stages, as an avant-garde author before the conversion to Christianity in 1992, and as a Christian novelist after that date.
They analyzed Bei Cun's pre-1992 writings and argued that, perhaps unbeknownst to the author himself, religious themes and questions were always implicitly present there.
Bei Cun was part of the generation of writers who, after the Cultural Revolution, experimented with new languages, including fastidious descriptions of objects and landscapes, and deliberate repetitions.
Most of his early novels are detective stories starting with a homicide, but the plot and the denouement are not conventional.
The real theme of the novel, it has been argued, is not murder, but the ambiguity and power of the language.
The novel depicts organized crime in Republican China through the ruthless fight between the bosses of two criminal families in Fujian, Liu Lang and Ma Da.
Liu, whose career the novel follows, consolidates the power he inherited from his father by eliminating all his rivals, including members of his own family.
Old and immensely rich, he realizes his life has no real meaning, converts to Protestantism, and is even willing to help his arch-enemy Ma.
If there is a Christian theme here, it is that women fail by pursuing a possessive romantic love, while only spiritual love would have saved them.
It tells the story of a widow, Zhou Yu, who lives in the loving memory of her husband, killed accidentally by electric shock in the rain.
Li Bailing is a rich businessman known as a philanthropist but hides two dark secrets, an incestuous relation with his adopted daughter and the murder of the policeman who tortured his father to death.
At the end of the novel, Li repents and confesses to God that his life has been dominated by anger rather than love.
Penny made his debut for the Dragons regional team in 2020 having previously played for the Gloucester, Dragons academy and Dragons transitional side.
Johnny Wolford (birth registered third ¼ 1945) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, and coached in the 1980s.
He played at representative level for Great Britain (Under-24s) and Yorkshire, and at club level for Bramley, Bradford Northern (Heritage No.
number 6, and scored a drop goal in Bradford Northern's 17-8 victory over Widnes in the 1977–78 Rugby League Premiership Premiership Final during the 1977–78 season at Station Road, Swinton, Pendlebury on Saturday 20 May 1978, in front of a crowd of 16,813.
number 6, Ian Slater) in Bradford Northern's 18-8 victory over York in the 1978–79 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1978–79 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 28 October 1978, in front of a crowd 10,429.
number 13, and scored two-goals/conversions in Bramley's 15-7 victory over Widnes in the 1973 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final during the 1973–74 season at Naughton Park, Widnes on Tuesday 18 December 1973, in fornt of a crowd of 4,542.
It is near to Cement Corporation of India, Khairtabad railway station, ICICI Bank, Institute of engineers Limited, Prasads I Max Road, Vegetable Market,Raj Bhavan Road, Administrative staff college and Hanuman Temple.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
She was known as a freelance model prior to joining MNL48 in 2018, she joined modelling workshops and walked in the runway for freelance fashion shows.
She also joined beauty pageants following the steps of her brother Miguel Guia (Mister International Philippines 2016) and also did a commercial for sulit.com when she's still young.
In 2017, the then 17-year-old Sela submitted an audition clip online in the nationwide search for the members of AKB48's Filipino sister group MNL48 back in 2017.
On the 10th week of the live auditions, Sela unexpectedly got the top spot which skyrocketted her way through MNL48's 1st Senbatsu Election.
The election results ranked Sela as the 3rd most popular trainee of MNL48 and became part of the 1st 48 official members of MNL48.
She also joined small time beauty pageants following the steps of her older brother Miguel Guia who was crowned as Mr. International Philippines back in 2016.
Sela is amongst the MNL48 members with the most followers in social media and usually has the longest queues at handshake events.
Her pc's were one of the most collected pictures in the group, that's why merch traders sell it for a higher price.
The case concerned a rent assessment committee that suggested a lower rate of rent than what had been suggested by an expert, and even lower than the residents had expected.
The landlords appealed against this decision under section 9 of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1958, on the basis that a member of the committee, Mr Lannon, was biased.
They argued that Mr Lannon made the decision to assist his father, who was negotiating his rent with one of the appellant landlords.
On this basis, the court ruled that Mr Lannon should not have taken his role on the committee, and quashed the decision.
Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway is a 2005 book by dealing with the battle of Midway in June 1942.
The library collection began in the late 1700s with a private subscription library started by Reverend Charles Stearns, and later a donation by Eliza Farrar of her husband, Professor John Farrar's library collection.
In 1884 George Grosvenor Tarbell, a Boston businessman donated funds to construct the current Second Empire style building of reddish Longmeadow freestone, which was designed by the architect, William G. Preston.
On 20 November 2019, Murphy made her senior debut when being subbed on against Tottenham Hotspur in the group stage of the Continental League Cup in a game where Chelsea won 5–1.
In October 2019, Murphy was called to up to the England U17 team to play in the 2020 U17 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship qualification games and played against Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Belgium.
Foley (2018) also classifies Kembra and Kembra as isolates, but does not exclude the possibility of their being related to Lepki–Murkim.
The Redmi Note 9 and Redmi Note 9 Pro are smartphones developed by Redmi, a sub-brand of Xiaomi Inc.The Redmi Note 9 is the newest model from Xiaomi s incredibly popular Note series.
The device sports a 6.4-inch LCD display offering a resolution of 1080 x 2340 pixels and a pixel density of 403 ppi.
This is 4 GB RAM / 64 GB internal storage base variant of Xiaomi Redmi Note 9 which is expected to available in Black, Gold colour.
She also played soccer at college in the United States at Anderson University and at Butler Community College where she was majoring in physical therapy.
Allan was selected in the Jets' squad for the 2019–20 W-League season, where she debuted in the opening game of the season and was a regular player on the field.
She was used as a substitute for the first few games until she was given her first start in a 4-2 loss against Perth Glory in round 11.
The Afyon Province of western Turkey was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.5 on 23 February 2002 at 10:11 local time (07:11 UTC).
The cause of the extension is thought to be the rollback of the subducting slab of the African Plate that dips northwards beneath the Aegean.
The overall N–S extension has resulted in a series of NW–SE to W–E trending seismically active normal faults with associated rift basins.
The Afyon–Akşehir Graben lies in the hanging-wall of the low-angle Sultandağı Fault and contains nearly 1 km of late Miocene to Quaternary sedimentary fill.
The observed focal mechanism is consistent with normal faulting along a fault trending WSW–ENE, although the local trend of the basin-bounding fault is closer to WNW–ESE.
The distribution of the aftershocks, however, is consistent with a rupture along part of the Sultandağı Fault of about 40 km in length.
It also suggests that the rupture propagation was almost unidirectional towards the northwest, with the mainshock close to the southeastern end of the rupture.
A large aftershock, measuring 5.8–6.0 , occurred roughly two hours after the mainshock near the western end of the Sultandağı Fault.
Analysis of the coulomb stress transfer associated with the M6.0 earthquake on 15 December 2000 suggests that these stress changes triggered the 2002 mainshock.
The epicentre of the mainshock lies near the termination of the rupture associated with the earlier earthquake, consistent with this interpretation.
There was significant damage in 8 of the 18 districts in Afyon Province and some damage in Akşehir in Konya Province.
The most damaged building type was the traditional Himis style, which consists of timber frames with adobe and rubble infill and heavy roofs.
Frenzo is known for his combination of the languages English and Punjabi in his rap music, a combination not done by any other British rap artist.
Although, Frenzo has stated he has been rapping for a while, it wasn't until 2018 when he started producing music more seriously as a career path.
The single was released on 9 January, 2019 and was subsequently banned from BBC due to its lyrics relating to a prostitution ring.
On 1 May 2019, Frenzo appeared on the late night radio show with Kan D Man and DJ Limelight on BBC Asian Network.
Despite being heavily edited to remove any profanity, the lyrics relating to a prostitution ring were still aired on the radio.
BBC subsequently stated that the version of the track aired on the radio did not meet their editorial standards, and was played on the Asian Network, in error.
The song also garnered the attention of Chris Tuck, founder of Survivors of Abuse, who said that the song was not appropriate to be played on the radio as it depicts the exploitation of women.
He also stated that the media has taken his ban out of context due to him being of South Asian descent.
In an interview with Scarcity studios, Frenzo took the time out to show his understanding of how making music on this subject of prostitution is, in a sense, glamorising it.
However, he states that his lyrics had no implications to grooming gangs and that his music reflects those women who enter the sex industry at free will.
Kwasi Agyemang Gyan-Tutu (born 12 February 1957) is the Member of Parliament for Tain in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana.
He had his BA (Hons) in Political Science in the University of Ghana from 1988-1991 and also MPHIL in Political Science from 1995-1999.
Janie Terrero (14 April 1858 – 22 June 1944) was a militant suffragette who as a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was imprisoned and force-fed for which she received the WSPU's Hunger Strike Medal.
She married Máximo Manuel Juan Nepomuceno Terrero y Ortiz de Rosas (1856–1926), known as Manuel Terrero, the son of Manuela Rosas and the grandson of General Juan Manuel de Rosas, in December 1885.
The couple lived at Fir Tree Lodge on Bannister Road in Southampton from 1898 to 1910 when they moved to 'Rockstone House' in Pinner, which was built for them.
She formed a local branch of the Women's Social and Political Union in Pinner in Middlesex in 1910, becoming its Honorary Secretary.
At her home 'Rockstone House' she and her husband gave drawing-room parties in support of the WSPU in 1905 and 1907.
In 1911 Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton was the guest speaker at a garden party given by the Terreros in support of the WSPU at their home.
She was among 200 women arrested in March 1912 who had taken part in a window-smashing campaign in London to coincide with the reading of the Conciliation Bill in Parliament.
If I should get into prison don't pay my fine but let me go through it properly ...” On 2 March 1912 she appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court to answer charges of wilful damage after smashing windows.
On being convicted at the London Sessions on 19 March 1912 she received a sentence of four months in Holloway Prison where she went on hunger strike and was twice force-fed.
A prison doctor ended her force-feeding, presumably because of the effect it was having on her health, and she was released a few days before the end of her sentence.
To those who intend to be actively militant, I want to say this; you cannot imagine how strong you feel in prison.
Some people wonder at the courage of our women, but I believe physical courage is a common human attribute, & I do not see why women should possess it in a lesser degree than men...
Terrero refused to sign a petition calling for the 'ousting' of Emmeline and Frederick Pethick-Lawrence from the WSPU in 1912, and appears to have taken little part in the campaign for women's suffrage thereafter.
In 1939 the widowed Terrero was living at 62 Hillfield Court in Belsize Park in Hampstead; Jane Beddall Terrero de Rosas died in her home in 1944 aged 86.
She left extensive notes detailing her treatment in Holloway and these are held in the Suffragette Fellowship Collection in the Museum of London.
The Museum of London holds a tapestry in its collection decorated in the suffragette colours of purple, white and green which was embroidered in Holloway Prison by Janie Terrero.
It is embroidered with the names of her fellow hunger strikers who were imprisoned with her at Holloway Prison for their involvement in smashing windows as part of a suffragette campaign in March 1912.
Gauff has won one WTA singles titles and two WTA doubles titles, as well as one ITF singles titles and one ITF doubles title.
Jamie Moloney is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Drom-Inch and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.
Moloney made his senior debut for Tipperary on 25 January 2020, coming on as a substitute in the opening round of the 2020 National Hurling League against Limerick in a 0-18 to 2-14 defeat.
Divine is a 1975 French musical comedy film directed by Dominique Delouche and starring Danielle Darrieux, Jean Le Poulain and Martine Couture.
During the period 1774–1792, the corresponding court official also worked at the Queen's Court and 1774–1782 and 1792–1795 at the Queen dowager's Court.
The Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2014 event featured eleven professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.
Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
By winning the King of DDT tournament on June 29, Isami Kodaka earned a title match in the main event against KO-D Openweight Champion Harashima.
The first dark match was a Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling exhibition match featuring Kanna, Erin, Chikage Kiba, Yuka Sakazaki, Shoko Nakajima and Miyu Yamashita.
After the match, LiLiCo pinned Gorgeous Matsuno by surprise to become the 1,009th champion, by virtue of the championship's 24/7 rule.
Just before the match, it was announced that the important something was the anus of Ryota Yamasato, a comedian who acted as an interviewer for DDT.
In the next match, Sanshiro Takagi teamed up with Jun Kasai from Pro-Wrestling Freedoms to face Minoru Suzuki and Michael Nakazawa in a Falls Count Anywhere Street Fight that saw the action spill out all around the arena.
The Kurt-Koffka medal, Kurt Koffka Medal, or Kurt Koffka award is an annual, international award bestowed by Giessen University's Department of Psychology.
The prize commemorates the German psychologist Kurt Koffka, a pioneer of Gestalt Psychology, in particular in the fields of perception and developmental psychology.
Koffka's interests were wide-ranging, and they included: perception, hearing impairments in brain-damaged patients, interpretation, learning, and the extension of Gestalt theory to developmental psychology.
A committee of Giessen University Department of Psychology seeks nominations each year since 2006 and decides on the recipient(s) of the award each year.
Nomination forms are sent by the members of the Committee to large numbers of individuals, usually in September the year before the award is made.
Unlike with some science awards, such as the Nobel prize, the gender balance of recipients of the Kurt-Koffka medal, as of 2018, is very good with eight men and seven women.
The Rivière aux Castors Noirs (English: black beaver river) is a tributary of the Batiscan River, flowing in Haute-Batiscanie, in the province of Québec, Canada.
The surface of the Black Beaver River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
This long lake is mainly fed by the outlet of Lac de la Queue, the outlet of Lake Cos, the outlet of Lake Dabin and the outlet of Lake Tretté.
This confluence is located from the Canadian National railway, west of Lac des Trois Caribous and south-east of the center of the village of Lac-Édouard.
Nordmøre og Romsdal Fotballkrets, is the governing body for football in the traditional districts of Nordmøre and Romsdal, which today is a part of the county Møre og Romsdal.
They were initially discovered in the sublittoral zone, above the dropoff of the continental shelf, but more recently have been discovered at greater depths.
Herbert Kurt Fechner was a German politician who served as the second Lord Mayor of East Berlin from 1967 to 1974.
He did various jobs as a child in Berlin from 1928 to 1933 and worked as a construction worker from 1933 to 1935, then as a telegraph construction worker until 1948.
After the end of the war in 1945, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and was a member until 1946 when the SPD and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) merged, then remained a member of the newly formed Socialist Unity Party of Germany.
District FAs exist to govern all aspects of local football in their defined areas, providing grassroots support to the Norwegian Football Federation by promoting and administering football, futsal and beach soccer in their respective districts.
The District FAs administer youth football and the lower tier leagues from 4. divisjon (men) and 2. divisjon (women), respectively, and further below.
The 2020 LPGA of Korea Tour is the 43rd season of the LPGA of Korea Tour, the professional golf tour for women operated by the Korea Ladies Professional Golf' Association.
The number in parentheses after winners' names show the player's total number wins in official money individual events on the LPGA of Korea Tour, including that event.
Farrer was born in London and studied at the Slade School of Art from 1968 to 1972 before teaching there until 1974 when she went to the United States on a Harkness Scholarship for two years.
Farrer was based in Paris throughout 1978 and 1979 then returned to London to teach at the Wimbledon School of Art and at the Byam Shaw School of Art.
Farrer produces geometrical abstract paintings and drawings, characterised by the use of distinct lines and pastel shades, that reflect rhythms found in nature.
Her work has been included in a number of significant group shows and she has also had a number of solo exhibitions.
The Air Gallery also hosted a solo exhibition of Farrer's work in 1983 as did Huddersfield City Art Galleries the same year, and the JPL Gallery in 1980.
Farrer has also exhibited at Foire International d'Art Contemporain in Paris and has regularly had solo shows at the Francis Graham-Dixon Gallery in London.
A number of public collections hold works by Farrer including the Ashmolean Museum, University College, London and the University of Texas at Austin.
Patrick Morrisroe was born 16 Feb 1869, in Charlestown, County Mayo, he was educated locally and went to Maynooth College to train for the priesthood.
Aged 44 he was ordained Bishop of Achonry, in the Cathedral, Ballaghadareen, along with his cousin Dr. Michael J. O'Doherty who became Bishop of Zamboagna, Philipines.
The Brazil bid for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup is a bid to host the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup by Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).
The bid entails 8 venues in 8 host cities, with a final to be played in Rio de Janeiro at the Maracanã Stadium.
Seeking the great popularity of women's football in the country, Brazil highlights the high public in the Favelas Cup 2019, when it obtained 30 thousand people at the Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, in the competition that mixed male and female soccer aimed at young poor players during the grand finale.
In addition, the presence of 40,000 people during the friendly against Mexico at Arena Corinthians, became the primary showcase for the success of Brazilian Women's Football.
It also highlights the experience of hosting major events, such as the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cup, 2007 Pan American Games and 2007 Parapan American Games, 2016 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Paralympic Games, as well events like the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2019 Copa América.
He attended GIMPA where he did his BSc in Accounting and Finance in 2002 and had his Certificate in Management in 2005.
The Minnesota SpokesmanRecorder is an African American, English language newspaper headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota and serves readers in the Twin Cities.
The newspaper building on Fourth Avenue was declared a historic landmark in 2015 for its association with the civil rights movement in Minnesota.
Initially Schur works with studies, allowing his motifs to evolve over an extended period of time, experimenting with color choices as part of an intuitive process.
It is based in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown, not far from where the Yarra River flows into Port Phillip Bay.
The club was founded in May 1853 as the Port Phillip Yacht Club, and is the oldest yacht club in Australia.
Early members included W.R. Probert and George F. Verdon, who ran a ship chandlery and commission agents business in Sandridge (now Port Melbourne), Dr. John Wilkins, the Surgeon for the Port of Melbourne, and Captain Charles Ferguson, the Harbour Master at Williamstown.
Initially, the club's races were held mainly on Corio Bay, where many of the club's fleet was moored between 1856 and 1864, and at St Kilda.
As the club lacked the funds to purchase its own clubhouse, meetings during the club's early years were held in at least six places around Melbourne and its suburbs.
At a meeting held at the Port Phillip Club Hotel in Flinders Street, Melbourne in 1872, the club was relaunched, and in that year it was also granted the privilege of flying the Blue Ensign of the Colony of Victoria.
The following year, 1873, the club moved its sailing activities to its present site at 120 Nelson Place, Williamstown, on account of the sheltered anchorage at that location.
Yachts on the club register were typically straight-stemmed, deep-keel cutters of from 6 to 40 tons; most were copper sheathed below the waterline, and painted black with gold embellishments.
Club meetings continued to be held mainly at the Port Phillip Club Hotel, and later in the Old Temple Court, Collins Street.
In 1886, the club received from Queen Victoria a grant of the privileges of a royal club, and the Admiralty granted a Full Warrant to fly the Blue Ensign of Her Majesty's Fleet.
In 1905, the club established its first clubhouse, by taking out a lease on Wickliffe House, on the Upper Esplanade in St Kilda.
Upon the expiry of the Wickliffe House lease in 1912, the club moved back to the city, at 375 Collins Street.
Three years later, in 1970, the clubhouse was destroyed by a fire that began in the kitchen, spread rapidly through the wooden building, and also destroyed the majority of the club's treasured relics.
In 2015, the club announced a plan to replace and extend its marina with a new floating structure that would provide berthing for 240 boats.
In early 2017, the club decided to proceed with the project in stages, with stage 1 to comprise some forty-two berths.
St John the Baptist as a Boy is a c.1518-1519 oil on canvas painting by the studio of Raphael, now in the Uffizi in Florence.
It was recorded in the Uffizi in 1589, then in the Palazzo Pitti and the Galleria dell'Accademia before returning to the Uffizi in recent years in its Tribuna.
The Croydon typhoid outbreak of 1937, was an outbreak of typhoid fever in Croydon in 1937, resulting in more than 300 cases of typhoid, of which there were more than 40 deaths.
The origin was found to be the polluted chalk water well at Addington, London, which supplied water to up-to 40 000 people.
Coupled with issues around the co-operation between the medical officers and the administrators of the borough, three coincidental events were blamed; changes to the well structure by repair work, the employment of a new workman who was also a carrier of typhoid, and failing to chlorinate the water.
His father Charles Rimington, who worked for the Bank of England, conducted his own investigations, and by visiting and questioning those that he personally knew and that were affected, he deduced that the source of the outbreak must be the water supply.
He subsequently informed the borough engineer and presented his findings to Croydon's medical officer of health, Oscar Holden, who had initially been distracted by the recent Bournmouth typhoid outbreak and its origins in milk.
The maid from No.66 in the same road has recently developed typhoid and a little girl from No.64 is suspected of having the same disease.The milk supply in all these cases is not the same, shell fish and watercress have not been partaken of, the only common thing appears to be water.
The source of the illness remained a mystery until 3 November 1937, the day after Holden requested the aid of Ernest T. Conybeare, the Ministry of Health's expert on typhoid, who mapped out the cases in the traditional epidemiological method.
Harold Gourley, an eminent civil engineer and Sir Humphry Rolleston, who was previously physician-in-ordinary to King George V, became expert assessors, with the Ministry of Health's appointed lawyer Harold Murphy, KC, leading the inquiry, which began on 6 December 1937 at the height of the outbreak.
How that well became infected is a question that cannot be answered with absolute certainty, but all the circumstances and probabilities point so strongly in one direction that I feel justified in coming to a definite conclusion on the subject.
That conclusion is that the well was infected by the fact that at the end of September and during October, 1937, men, one of whom was an active carrier of typhoid, were working in the well and that during large parts of such period water from the well, unfiltered and unchlorinated, was being pumped to supply.
The well at Addington, 250 feet deep and 10 feet in diameter, began construction work at the end of September 1937.
The origin of the typhoid came from a workman, who had become unwell with typhoid fever during the First World War, but hadn't realised he was a carrier.
Murphy, who pointed out that a number of practitioners would not be familiar with cases of typhoid and were not alerted to the fact that water was a risk.
The Lord’s Revelation to the Virgin Mary Church building, which can be found at the centre of Kretinga Town, is one of the oldest churches in Samogitia.
They were built by a nobleman of the Lithuanian-Polish Commonwealth, Jonas Karolis Chodkevich, on his wife’s initiative, and the development of the whole town of Kretinga is directly tied to the establishment of the Franciscan monastery.
The monastery and the church were raided by the Swedish army in 1659 and again in 1710; however, the post-Chodkevich ruler of Kretinga – Kazimieras Povilas Jonas Sapiega – took care of repairing the buildings and renewed the altar of the church.
In 1907-1912 the church was rebuilt, two side naves were annexed and a spacious masonry transept was built, as well as a new wooden tower.
In the beginning of the 19 century, priests who had been condemned by the Czar of Russia settled there, along with the monks of other monasteries that had closed.
However, the cultural significance of the monastery grew in the 20 century, when a modern school was built in the inter-war period: St. Anthony’s Mission College, St. Anthony’s Palace.
At that time, the monastery had its own press and book bindery, a wealthy library and even a movie theatre; therefore, it was considered to be the administrative and spiritual centre for Lithuania’s Franciscans.
In the middle of the 20 century, the church was damaged by the fire and was also partially damaged during WWII.
The Lord’s Revelation to Virgin Mary Church can be attributed to the architectural styles of the Gothic and Renaissance; however, Baroque characteristics are also present.
In total, seven altars were created in the church during the 17 to 18 centuries, with carvings, sculptures, a decorated pulpit and painting of St. Anthony with great sacral value.
Under the central altar, members of the Chodkevich family, the founders of the church, are buried along with the Franciscan monks.
Norma Louise Matheson (September 13, 1929 – July 28, 2019) was an American politician, political strategist, activist, and conservationist who served as the First Lady of Utah from 1977 until 1985.
Matheson, the wife of former Governor Scott M. Matheson, was considered a pioneer for women in Utah politics and the matriarch of the Matheson political family.
As a child, she moved with her parents to Philadelphia and San Francisco so her father could attend medical school to become an obstetrician.
She met her future husband, Scott M. Matheson, at the age of 16 while both were students at East High School.
Scott Matheson worked as a Salt Lake County prosecutor and a lawyer for the Union Pacific Railroad before entering politics in 1976.
That same year, incumbent Utah Governor Cal Rampton declined to seek re-election for a potential fourth term, leading Scott Matheson to enter the gubernatorial election.
By her own accounts, Norma Matheson was the last in her family to endorse her husband's decision to enter the race.
Years after leaving the position, Matheson also assisted then-Governor Mike Mike Leavitt and First Lady Jackie Leavitt with their restoration efforts of the governor's residence following a fire in 1993.
Scott Matheson was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 1989, which was believed to have been caused by radioactive fallout from nuclear testing in nearby Nevada.
Scott M. Matheson died from the illness on October 7, 1990, at just 61-years old, leaving the former first lady a widow.
I know she advised her sons, and their father was a terrific man, but I think Norma had the political instinct in the family.
In 2000, Norma Matheson recommended her son, Scott Matheson Jr., as a candidate for Utah's 2nd congressional district during a brainstorming session.
During her tenure, The Nature Conservancy acquired wetlands outside Moab, Utah, which are now protected as the Scott M. Matheson Wetlands Preserve.
In 1996, she joined President Bill Clinton at the declaration ceremony for the creation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, despite local controversy surrounding the plan.
Additionally, Matheson served on the board of directors for the Grand Canyon Trust, which works to preserve the region surrounding the Grand Canyon and the Colorado Plateau.
These included the Utah Governor's Commission on Aging, Salt Lake League of Women Voters, the Utah Women's Legislative Council, the Alliance for Unity, the USU Botanical Center, the Hogle Zoo, and University of Utah School of Nursing.
She also headed the Scott M. Matheson Leadership Forum, named for her husband, where she conducted interviews for Matheson Leadership Scholarship candidates, including for Ben McAdams.
Matheson, Leavitt, and his wife, former Utah first lady Jackie Leavitt, worked alongside each other on other projects over several decades, including electoral reform, voting rights legislation, and the preservation of the governor's mansion.
Matheson was survived by her four children - United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit judge Scott Matheson Jr., Lu Matheson, former U.S. Jim Matheson, and Tom Matheson; her brother, Jim Warenski; nine grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren.
The composition is thought to be by Raphael himself, who may also have drafted some of the sections of the finished work.
Originally on panel, it was transferred to a canvas support in 1777 - the practice was quite common in French collections at that period.
The background includes the coats of arms of the La Tremouille family and of its commissioner, Adrien Gouffier de Boissy, cardinal and Grand Almoner of France under Francis I.
In 1532 the work was placed in the collegiate church of Saint-Maurice in Oiron by Boissy's nephew Claude Gouffier, husband to a member of the La Tremoille family, meaning that both coats of arms must have been added at that date.
At the request of the Duke of Maillé the painting was transferred from the royal collection to the parish church of Longpont.
It was later bought at the posthumous sale of Duke's collection by the art dealer Cousin and entered the French national collection in 1838.
The show premiered on Asianet channel and streaming on Hotstar since 27 January 2020 from Monday to Saturday at 7:30PM IST.
A woman does not get a moment of rest while doing all the household chores on top of being a dutiful wife, daughter-in-law and mother.
The 25th National Television Awards were held at The O2 Arena on 28 January 2020, and were the first to be hosted by David Walliams.
Valeriy Nikolayevich Andreev (born April 10, 1957), known as The Orsk Maniac, is a Russian serial killer and rapist responsible for the abductions, rapes and killings of various girls and women in the Orenburg Oblast from 2006 to 2012.
Investigators have conclusively tied him to at least 7 murders, after which he was put on a wanted list, but managed to escape.
Despite the fact that most of his friends, relatives and acquiantances spoke very fondly of him, at the same time, a number of colleagues claimed that since the mid-2000s, Andreev began exhibiting social problems and was in a state of psychological discomfort.
During the investigation and verification procedures, it was found that only two such registered cars in the city - one of the owners being Valeriy Andreev.
With the help of mobile operators, authorities learned that Andreev and Zhuravlyova were in the same place shortly before the girl's disappearance, in connection with which he was detained and interrogated in early July of that year.
During a survey, a number of fellow truckers told law enforcement officials that for several years they had suspected Andreev of using the services of prostitutes, as contraceptives, jewelry, women's underwear, hairpins, and a number of other accessories for hair and clothes were found in his vehicle.
On July 6, 2012, he last got in touch with his wife, after which he disappeared and was put on a wanted list.
A lot of girls and women missing from the area (who were either residents of Orsk, or the villages of Novosergievka; Kamennozernoe; Tasbulak and Mozharovka) disappeared in the forest belts of the highways.
The remains of his last confirmed victim, Olga Zhuravlyova, were found on September 10, 2013, in the area surrounding the village of Janatalap, in the forest belt near the Orsk-Chelyabinsk highway.
In subsequent years, the police received dozens of calls and messages about possible sightings in different parts of the country, and even in neighboring Kazakhstan.
As a result of this, search measures were launched in the republics of Karelia, Mordovia, Udmurtia, in the Siberian Federal District and the Kaliningrad Oblast, but, yet again, to no avail.
On October 28, 2019, he was positively identified in the DP Torkovichi area of Leningrad Oblast's Luga District, by local resident Tatyana Ivanova.
Ivanova reported this to the law enforcement bodies in Leningrad Oblast, St. Petersburg and Orenburg; however, no significant actions were taken by either the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the Investigative Committee.
The fact that Andreev is hiding out in the Leningrad Oblast or St. Petersburg was also confirmed by numerous other residents, who also reported seeing him.
At the end of 2019, after 7 years of unsuccessful searches, the international organization Interpol took up the search for Andreev.
On the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, Interpol prepared a list of eight international fugitives for alleged crimes against women, including murder: Valeriy Andreev topped that list of wanted criminals.
Heaton was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for acting in the episode.
He was a former chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and a commissioner with the Interstate Commerce Commission during the Carter Administration.
He was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Minnesota in 1959, and was known for his work training and mentoring other African American Economists.
He was awarded the Samuel Z. Westerfield Award by the National Economic Association in 1979, and was also awarded the Outstanding Achievement Award from the University of Minnesota and an Honorary Doctorate from Brooklyn College.
He then studied finance at Michigan State University and earned a doctorate in economics at the University of Minnesota, completing post-doctoral work at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Alexis taught at Macalester College, DePaul University, the University of Rochester, and both the economics department and the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
He was among the founders of the Caucus of Black Economists in 1969, now the National Economic Association, and was the organization's first chair.
He help to found the American Economic Association's summer program to prepare promising students from underrepresented groups for graduate programs in economics.
Alexis was also chair of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and was a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission for two years under President Jimmy Carter, including serving as acting chair.
The cross with golden embossments is probably from Central Europe while the other two are thought to have been from other Nordic countries.
David Cain Parkhouse (born 24 October 1999) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays for EFL League Two club Stevenage, on loan from Premier League club Sheffield United.
Raised in Strabane, Northern Ireland, Parkhouse played with Maiden City's Academy in Derry and impressed enough to earn a move to the Academy at English club Sheffield United.
He was named on the bench for the first team squad for the first time in August 2018, remaining an unused substitute in an EFL Cup game against Hull City.
He signed for Boston United on a short term loan deal in October 2018 in a move which saw him make 3 appearances before returning to his parent club.
Parkhouse made his debut on 1 December 2018 in a 3–1 home defeat at the hands of Coalville Town, Parkhouse was introduced as a half time substitute for Charlie Jemson.
He scored his first goal in senior football on the 15th February 2019 in a 3–0 win over UCD on the opening night of the season.
Parkhouse scored all 4 goals as Derry beat Waterford 4–2 in the League Cup, to earn a place in the final.
He opened the scoring in the League Cup Final after just two minutes but the day ended in dissapointment for Parkhouse and Derry as they were defeated on penalties by Dundalk.
On the 23rd October 2019, he was named in the PFAI Team of the Year and was also nominated for PFAI Young Player of the Year alongside Republic of Ireland international Jack Byrne & eventual winner Daniel Mandroiu, following an excellent first full season in senior football.
He returned to Sheffield United at the end of the League of Ireland season with Derry City reportedly interested in re-signing him ahead of the 2020 season.
On the 24th December 2019, it was revealed that Parkhouse had turned down a new contract offer from Sheffield United, with Celtic, Everton and Blackburn Rovers reportedly interested in the striker, who's contract was due to end 6 months later.
On the 28th January 2020, it was announecd that Parkhouse had signed a loan deal with EFL League Two side Stevenage until the end of the season.
Linell Letendre is a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force and the Dean of the Faculty at the U.S. Air Force Academy.
Letendre received a Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1996 as a distinguished graduate.
In 2015, Letendre was selected to lead the Law Department at the U.S. Air Force Academy, a Senate-confirmed position that includes a promotion to Colonel.
In 2019, Letendre was selected from more than 40 applicants to replace Andrew Armacost as the Air Force Academy Dean of the Faculty.
Letendre's command is responsible for designing and instructing more than 500 courses in 32 disciplines to over 4,000 cadets each year.
In 1999 Zurab Nasaraya began his political career in Poti local council becoming a Member of Parliament in 2002 serving on both the Committee on Tax Revenue, Finance & Budget as well as the Interim Corruption Investigation Commission.
In 2004 he left politics getting jobs in the Georgian Railways and reentered politics again on the 30 August 2018 as Governor of the Guria region of Georgia.
Luis Humberto Gonzalez (born January 17, 1992) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher who plays for the Chunichi Dragons in the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
In 12 December, 2019, it was announced that Gonzalez had agreed to 1-year deal with the Chunichi Dragons to replace the departing Joely Rodriguez.
San yati Moe Myint was born on 3 June 1994 in Yangon, Myanmar to parent Aung Myint aka Mazda Aung Myint, a photographer and his wife Khin Moe Thu.
She often getting familiar and adoring all of the actors, actresses, models and all that came to her father's photo studio.
She claimed that it was then that her passion for acting begin, dancing and singing along to numerous TV advertisments that were common during her childhood years.
Her hardwork as a model and acting in commercials was noticed by the film industry and soon, movie casting offers came rolling in.
He is a member of New Patriotic Party.He is a member of the 6th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana.
Hung Leng was served by the Hung Leng Station of the former Sha Tau Kok Railway, which was in operation from 1912 to 1928.
Robert Sarfo-Mensah a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing Asunafo North in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana.
He was born in Kirkcaldy in Fife on 8 July 1878, the son of a relatively affluent furniture dealer in the town.
In 1933 he had been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh due to his scientific contributions to the field of palaeontology.
The first-seeds Jack Hawkes and Gerald Patterson successfully defended their title by defeating Ian McInnes and Pat O'Hara Wood 8–6, 6–1, 6–2 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.
Soyun Kasum oglu Sadykov (, , ; born 5 March 1960 in Gardabani, USSR) is a Russian politician, public and statesman, and former sambo martial artist.
On March 18, 2005, Sadykov was fired on from a machine gun on Khavskaya Street in Moscow while he was driving.
In 2012, Sadykov became Vladimir Putin’s confidant during his election campaign and after his victory joined the Council on Interethnic Relations under the President of the Russian Federation.
On January 25, 2013 at the V Congress of the Federal National Cultural Autonomy of Azerbaijanis in Russia he was elected honorary president of this organization.
The main aim of the party was to protect the rights of Azerbaijanis in Georgia, as well as to achieve the autonomy of Kvemo-Kartli.
In December 2014 he proposed holding the World Congress of Crimean Tatars in Moscow and the Crimean Development Fund was established in Turkish Ankara with his help.
Soyun Sadykov is the USSR master of sports, the sambo champion of the Soviet Union in 1978, the prize-winner of European sambo championships in 1979 and 1980.
Elections will be held for 20 out of 59 seats in the Illinois Senate and all 118 seats in the Illinois House of Representatives.
Elections will be held for four seats in the Supreme Court of Illinois and 10 seats in the Illinois Appellate Court.
In Cook County, elections will be held for Clerk of the Circuit Court, State's Attorney, Board of Review Commissioner, Water Reclamation District Board, and 13 seats in the Circuit Court of Cook County.
On the national level, she is a multiple medalist at the Russian junior nationals (among Candidates for Master of Sport in 2017, 2018 and 2019).
Merab Chanukvadze () (born 17 November 1982) is a Georgian politician who served as the Governor of Guria between 2017 - 2018.
Vinculum Solutions is a global IT software company that provides SaaS based products for multi-channel retailing in the Ecommerce industry operating in South East Asian Markets.
In 2014, the organisation received an undisclosed funding in Series B round from IvyCap Ventures the existing investor Accel India Ventures also participating.
In 2018, the company received INR 1.625 crore from another existing investor - Song Hoi See, CEO of Plaza Premium Group.
Lucy Whipp (born 12 November 1995) is an English footballer who plays as a forward for FA WSL club Birmingham City.
She was promoted to the first team in 2013, playing two seasons in the FA WSL before the team was relegated at the end of the 2014 season.
On 1 June 2014, Whipp was part of the Everton squad that played in the FA Cup final, appearing as a 71st minute substitute in a 2–0 defeat to Arsenal.
In 2015, Whipp moved to the United States in order to combine her football career with pursuing higher education, enrolling at St. John's University in New York City.
She spent four seasons playing college soccer for NCAA Division I team St. John's Red Storm in the Big East Conference and was named to the conference All-Rookie Team in her first year.
Whipp scored her first goal for the club on 8 December 2019, opening the scoring in a 2–0 win over Bristol City.
The 1900 VFL Season was the Geelong Football Club's fourth season in the Victorian Football League and its second with Peter Burns as captain.
In the final series, Geelong finished with 2 wins and 1 loss, finishing in second position on the Section B Ladder.
A total of 12 players made their debuts in the VFL, and Mick Donaghy, made his debut for Geelong, having departed from .
In the sectional rounds, Geelong's loss to , and lack of large victory against and , led to Geelong finishing in third position and being eliminated from the major premiership.
In the childhood Crabbe lived in Victoria moving from Williamstown near Melbourne, to Portland, Dunnolly, and finally Maryborough, where she met her husband Charles Wordsworth Scantlebury James.
Between 1878 and 1883 the family moved to Hobart where their third child, Tristram in 1883, and fourth, Yolande in 1889, were born.
In 1896 James’ husband Charles obtained work of a civil engineer in Kalgoorlie and approximately a year after he asked his wife and children join him.
Having moved to Kalgoorlie James started a journal which she kept until 1907, recording her impressions of life in Kalgoorlie, including copies of letters, invitations to social events, photographs, sketches and newspaper articles.
Soon after arriving to Kalgoorlie James wrote in her journal that this was the most depressing place she had ever been to.
Despite unfavorable landscape views around Kalgoorlie, after a few years James managed to develop feelings of belonging for her home there.
James’ journal also became an important source providing first-hand evidence of the way in which late nineteenth-century goldfields residents created and maintained their gardens.
From 1924 to 1926 James lived in England and then returned to Australia settling in Mosman, Sydney until 1931 when she came back to Adelaide.
She made brooches, bangles, cuff links, pins and spoons from Australian gold, with tourmaline from Kangaroo Island, opals from Queensland, and pearls from Broome, incorporating Australian fauna, flora and indigenous motifs.
As she registered cooee as a trademark, James asked the Heidelberg district volunteers’ farewell social committee for royalties when they made cooee medallions in 1916, however lawyers explained her that she owned only her cooee designs, not the cooee itself that belongs to all Australians.
James also collected a 'thousand signatures' by many outstanding people she met, including royalty and gold miners, some of the signatures were embroidered in an autograph 'Cloth of Memory'.
She gave many concerts performing her own songs written during World War I, including her famous composition 'Cooee' dedicated to Australian soldiers.
He was one of the two owners of Goldschmidt & Nordholm and the founder of Goldschmidts Stiftelse at Ryesgade 19 in Copenhagen.
Its name was changed to Goldschmidt & Nordholm when he in 1869 entered into a partnership with Swedish dyer Anders Nordholm (born 1848) and a new wool yarn dyeing plant was that same year inaugurated at Ryesgade 23.
Benny Goldschmidt retired in 1880, ceding his share of the company to his nephew Johan Goldschmidt (born 1855, name changed to Guildal om 1907).
Budhpur is a village in the Manbazar I CD block in the Manbazar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Budhpur had a total population of 496, of which 247 (50%) were males and 249 (50%) were females.
In J.D.Beglar’s time (late 19th century), the tower of the main temple (possibly fallen down by then) was replaced by a brick-and-plaster work.
Apart from the main temple and corner shrines in the enclosure, Beglar had seen five small shrines to the north-east of the main temple.
The 2020 Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard, the men's provincial curling championship for Newfoundland and Labrador, is currently being held from January 28 to February 2 at the RE/MAX Centre in St. John's.
The winning team will represent Newfoundland and Labrador at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship in Kingston, Ontario.
Lethe naga, the Naga treebrown, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm where it occurs from Assam to Myanmar, Thailand and Laos It is named for the Naga hills.
Anthony Christian Dadzie (9 July 1962) was the Member of Parliament for Abura Asebu Kwamankese in the Central region of Ghana from 2012 to 2016.
However, in 2016, he contested in the National Democratic Congress(NDC) parliamentary elections and lost to Samuel Kweku Hayford who then represented the NDC in the 2016 general Elections but also lost to New Patriotic Party's Elvis Morris Donkoh.
This company is fully funded through its first mission, a berth aboard the Peregrine Moon lander being launched by Astrobotic in 2021 (which itself has a price tag of $3 million).
The first mission won't be an entire swarm, but a single rover sent up as a demonstration unit to prove out its technology.
On 16 August 2018, Spacebit announced its collaboration with Goonhilly Earth Station, the UK satellite communications innovator and space gateway to develop the use of blockchain technology for space-based data applications and mission deployment.
On November 2019, the UAE also confirmed as an official testing location for new space technology of the Spacebit ‘Spider Moon Rover’,the smallest robotic moon rover in the world with legs.
Other payloads aboard the lander is a library, in micro print on nickel, which will include Wikipedia contents and Long Now Foundation's Rosetta Project.
The tiny, spider-like Asagumo robot will be the world's smallest robotic Moon rover – will crawl on the surface of the moon to take Photographs and gather data.
The Spacebit rover weighs just 1.3 kg and, instead of wheels, is equipped with four legs to walk the moon's surface to collect the data from Lidar and other equipment.
The payload mass for the planned second mission (Mission Two) is capped at , and the Mission Three and next missions will carry the full payload capacity of .
Gready McKinnis (August 11, 1913 - March 4, 1991) was an American Negro League and Minor League baseball pitcher who played for the Birmingham Black Barons, Chicago American Giants, the intergated Tampa Smokers and St. Petersburg Saints.
She is the 2019 world junior two-time silver and one-time bronze medalist (in the team event, on the balance beam and on the uneven bars).
Ralph Harman Booth (September 29, 1873 Toronto, Canada – June 20, 1931 Salzburg, Austria) was a non-career appointee who served as the American Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Denmark (1930-1931).
His professional background was in banking and journalism, having been the Chicago Journal Secretary, Manager and Editor (1895-1904), Detroit Tribune, Cashier and Business Manager (1892-1904) and Vice President of the Associated Press, 1917-18.
The road will connect the Tłı̨chǫ First Nations community of Whatì to the national road network while improving winter road access to Gamètì and Wekweètì.
Ende is an Austronesian language spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half of Indonesia.
Notable influences on Danheim's sound include Wardruna and Heilung, who are among just a small group of musicians in Scandinavia making similar music.
Olsen was born in Copenhagen in 1985 and produced mostly in the electronic genre until 2016, when a strong interest in Norse mythology led him start combining that with his music.
His style has been described by reviewers as 'Brian Eno doing the soundtrack for Game of Thrones' or 'inspired folk music, with dark undertones'.
Lyrically, his music deals with such mythological tales as Hrungir's fight with Thor, the story of Fimbul Winter and much more.
In 2019, Danheim also contributed music to the soundtrack of three episodes from the upcoming second half of the sixth season of the History Channel series Vikings.
One of the actors from the show, Georgia Hirst, enjoyed Danheim's contributions to the score so much that she released a social media video praising his music.
After playing high school basketball at St. Thomas More Catholic in Lafayette, Louisiana, Mouton signed to play for the Texas Longhorns, being a part of the team that reached the 2003 NCAA Tournament Final Four.
In August 2003 he participated in the XIV Pan American Games in the Dominican Republic with the United States men's national basketball team, starting all 5 games.
After his senior year in college, during which he earned first-team all-conference honors, he went undrafted in the 2004 NBA draft and after playing in the 2004 NBA Summer League with the Los Angeles Clippers he did not pursue a professional career in basketball.
He then enrolled at St. Thomas More Catholic High School in Lafayette and as a sophomore in 1997–98 he averaged 18.6 points and 9 rebounds per game.
That year his team was District champion, and Mouton was named District 5-4A Most Valuable Player and was an All-District First Team selection.
In his junior year Mouton averaged 21.1 points and 9.8 rebounds per game, again he was named in the All-District and All-State first teams, he was District MVP, and he participated in the state championship game in 1999 (runner-up).
In the summer preceding his senior year he participated in the AAU Big Time Tournament in Las Vegas playing for the New Orleans Jazz, scoring 33 points in the title game and winning the tournament.
In July 1999 he participated in the ABCD Camp for the best high school players in the nation, averaging 9.8 points, 3.4 rebounds and 0.6 assists per game during the event.
Bob Gibbons ranked him as the 32nd best prospect and he was the 50th best player according to the Recruiting Services Consensus Index.
He ended his senior season earning District MVP and All-State first team honors, averaging 24 points, 8 rebounds and 2.5 blocks per game.
He was also named MVP of the Louisiana High School Coaches Association All-Star Game played on July 23, 2000, during which he scored 24 points.
Mouton was recruited by several NCAA Division I schools: he had visits with Louisiana-Lafayette, LSU, Purdue, Southern Miss and Texas, and received interest from top programs such as Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Syracuse and UConn.
He reduced his three top schools to Louisiana-Lafayette, Purdue, and Texas, he committed to play for Texas in October 1999 and signed in November.
Mouton chose to wear jersey number 3 and in his freshman year he was primarily used as Maurice Evans' backup in the small forward position.
On November 22, 2000 he scored a season-high 18 points along with 5 rebounds, 3 assists and 3 steals against Duke at the Madison Square Garden.
He was the 6th best scorer on the team and he ranked 2nd in 3-point shooting percentage with 37.3%, behind Maurice Evans (38.9%).
His increased presence on the court saw him significantly improve his scoring averaged to 13.7 points per game (the 9th highest increase in Longhorns history).
On November 17, 2001 he scored 15 points and posted 9 rebounds against Arizona in the first game of the season.
He recorded a new career-high 22 points against Baylor on January 12, and further improved his personal high on February 2, when he scored 26 points (5 three-pointers) against Oklahoma.
He ended the season with averages of 13.7 points (2nd on the team behind Chris Owens), 4.6 rebounds and 1.3 assists per game while shooting 39.4% from three (which at the time was the 7th best single-season performance in Longhorns history).
Mouton appeared again in the NCAA Tournament in 2002, starting all 3 games, scoring 9 points along with 6 rebounds in the first game against Boston College, and 8 points in the loss against Oregon.
For his junior year Mouton was confirmed in the starting five by coach Rick Barnes, and in the first five games of the season he scored at least 10 points.
On February 15, 2003 he recorded 24 points against Nebraska, and on March 1 he reached the 1,000 points milestone in a game against Texas Tech, during which he scored 20 points.
Mouton was the 2nd best scorer on the team with 14.8 points per game (behind T. J. Ford's 15.0), 4th best rebounder (4.3) and was the 2nd player for minutes per game average with 30.1 (again behind Ford).
Mouton was one of Texas' top players during the 2003 NCAA Tournament: he averaged 17.8 points, leading the team in scoring, and his 21.5 points per game during the Regional phase earned him a spot in the All-Region team.
In the first game of the season against UNC Asheville on March 21, 2003 he recorded 15 points and 6 rebounds, followed by 6 points against Purdue on March 23.
In the NCAA Sweet Sixteen game against UConn Mouton recorded a career-high 27 points while shooting 4/7 (57.1%) from three-point range.
At the end of the season he received several accolades: he was named team co-MVP (with T. J. Ford) and Most Improved Player by the Longhorns, was a third-team all-conference selections by the coaches, while the media named him an All-Big 12 honorable mention; he was also named in the NABC All-District second team.
In the summer of 2003 Mouton participated in the Pan American Games, and he suffered an injury that he battled throughout his senior season.
Mouton was one of the players who joined the Texas Longhorns in 2000 and decided to return to the team for their senior season: with him, Brian Boddicker, Royal Ivey and James Thomas, who where all part of the rotation during the previous year participation in the Final Four.
Mouton scored 20 points on November 24, 2003 against Sam Houston State, and on December 4 against Wofford; he did not play on January 2 against UT Arlington, missing the first game of his career at Texas after 109 consecutive appearances.
On January 26, 2004 he scored a buzzer beater three-pointer against Texas Tech, bringing the game to overtime: Texas later won 62–61.
On February 14, 2004 Mouton recorded his career-high in points with 29 against Iowa State, and then scored 25 points against Oklahoma: these performances earned him the Big 12 Player of the Week award on February 23.
During the Big 12 Tournament Mouton averaged 13.3 points and 4.3 rebounds (inluding an 18-points performance against Kansas), and earned All-Tournament honors.
For the fourth consecutive time in his career Mouton participated in the NCAA Tournament: he scored 23 points in 39 minutes against Princeton, 12 points against North Carolina and 21 against Xavier, for an average of 18.7.
At the end of the season he was the team's leading scorer (13.9 points per game), averaging a team-best 30 minutes per game.
He ended his career at Texas with 1,582 total points scored, which at the time earned him the 8th spot in the all-time scoring list; his 133 career games ranked 3rd all-time.
He was also a proficient 3-point shooter, with his career percentage of 38.9% ranking 4th all-time when he retired (8th as of 2019).
He was selected in the 2nd round of the 2004 CBA draft by the Great Lakes Storm, but did not sign with the team.
He joined the Los Angeles Clippers for the 2004 NBA Summer League, but he did not make the final roster and did not play in the NBA.
He started all 5 games during the tournament, finishing as the 6th best scorer in the team with 7.2 points per game: he scored 9 points against Puerto Rico in the preliminary round, and in the bronze medal game against Puerto Rico he recorded 7 points and 10 rebounds.
It was first formed on 16 August 1939 in Elbing and designated a training division, but had this label removed on 26 August and thus designated a full division.
For the Invasion of Poland, 228th Infantry Division, under command of Hans Suttner, was one of the two constituent infantry divisions of XXI Army Corps (Nikolaus von Falkenhorst) under 3rd Army and Army Group North, the other one being 21st Infantry Division (Kuno-Hans von Both).
Both the 21st and 228th Divisions were stationed in the southwest of East Prussia and were to move in a southwesterly direction towards Grudziądz and the Vistula in order to link up with the forces of 4th Army.
228th Infantry Division remained with XXI Army Corps only for the first few days of the campaign, for the action in the Danzig Corridor, including the Battle of Grudziądz against the Polish 4th and 16th Infantry Divisions.
228th Infantry Division was then removed from XXI Army Corps when Falkenhorst's units were transferred via East Prussia to another active front sector.
Although 228th Infantry Division was initially intended to see combat in the Battle of France in 1940, this did not come to pass, as the German victory of the French came sooner than expected.
The men's 5000 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 3 and 4 September 1985.
Sentera is a Minneapolis, Minnesota-based agricultural imagery software company that uses technology and environmental data to focus on renewable energy, conservation, and software analytics.
He was awarded the Samuel Z. Westerfield Award by the National Economic Association in 2005, and in 2007, he was inducted into the South Carolina Black Hall of Fame.
Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Swinton was raised in Timmonsville, South Carolina and New York City, where he graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn).
Swinton began his career teaching economics at Clark College, where he became director of the Southern Center of Studies in Public Policy.
Suthee’s nephew Vicharn was a former Deputy Minister of Public Health and a 4 time member of parliament (MP) serving Min Buri.
Wirat Minchainant was a three time member of the Bangkok Metropolitan council serving Min Buri is also one of Suthee’s nephews.
Suthee was accused of benefitting from the new BTS pink line planned due to his numerous patches of land around Min Buri in excess of 5,000 rais, or around 2,000 acres contributing his wealth.
Leotrim Bekteshi (born 21 April 1992) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as an defender for Kosovan club Prishtina and the Kosovo national team.
On 26 August 2018, he made his debut in a 0–2 away win against Trepça'89 after being named in the starting line-up.
On 24 December 2019, Bekteshi received a call-up from Kosovo for the friendly match against Sweden and made his debut after being named in the starting line-up.
When the bladders are inflated underneath the prosthetics (often skin prosthetics), it results in the prosthetics appearing to shift, bubble, swell, or pulsate.
Housmans joined the Stadspartij in January 2013 and left the council in 2015 to become a member of the States of Limburg on behalf of the Party for Freedom (PVV).
He became a member of Limburg's provincial-executive on June 28, 2019, marking the end of his term as a member of the States of Limburg and as a councilman in Sittard-Geleen.
When Sietse Fritsma, an MP on behalf of the PVV, vacated his seat later in 2019 and the next person in line, Karen Gerbrands, declined, the seat was offered to Housmans.
However, he turned down the seat as well because of his recent appointment as deputy, resulting in Chris Jansen filling the position.
The Mali–Senegal border is 489 km (304 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Mauritania in the north to the tripoint with Guinea in the south.
The border begins in the north at the tripoint with Mauritania at the confluence of the Senegal River and Falémé River.
It then follows the latter for some distance southwards, before proceeding overland for a stretch, before rejoining the Falémé, which it then follows down to the tripoint with Guinea.
France had begun settling on the coast of modern Senegal in the 17th century, gradually extending their rule further inland during the mid-1800s onward.
roughly modern Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger) were originally under Senegalese administration as Upper Senegal, but were split off as French Sudan in 1893.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
She is the 2019 world junior two-time silver and one-time bronze medalist (silver in the team event, bronze in the all-around, and silver on the floor).
In 2018, she debuted at the Chinese (senior) national championships, helping the Guangdong province team to the gold medals in the women's team and mixed team competitions.
In the all-around, Ou's fall on the uneven bars sunk her chances for the all-around gold, pushing her down to fourth place at that point, but after performing well on the balance beam she finished in the bronze position.
She also won three more individual medals (gold on the balance beam, silver on the floor behind Shang Chunsong and bronze on the uneven bars) and once again helped the Guandong province to win the women's team gold.
In August 2019, she won six golds, two silvers and two or three bronzes at the 2nd China National Youth Games.
According to an interview with the Telegram on 21 December 2018, Jakelić knew she would become a musician at some point since she comes from a musical family.
He is currently employed by Porsche as a factory driver and participates primarily in endurance racing, including the Intercontinental GT Challenge, the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, and the North American Endurance Championship within IMSA's WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
Jaminet originally began pursuing a career in formula racing, participating in the F4 Eurocup 1.6 championship in 2010 and the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 championship in 2011.
Following this, he moved between several racing series over the next years before entering the Porsche Carrera Cup France championship in 2015.
He, along with teammate Michael Ammermüller, finished eight in the championship, including a win at the first race of the season.
Jaminet also made appearances in other series, including a handful of starts in the Pirelli World Challenge, two starts in the GT Daytona class of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, a participation in the 24 Hours of Spa.
He and teammate Robert Renauer won the championship, resulting in Jaminet earning more international race outings and a place on the North American Porsche GT Team to drive endurance races in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, as well as a chance to drive the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans.
He continues to drive the North American endurance events with the Porsche GT Team, as well as participating in international GT3 events.
He has worked on cultural anthropology, cultural ecology, ethnobiology, and food and nutrition in China, Pacific Northwest, and the Yucatan (Yucatec Maya).
The men's high jump event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 4 September 1985.
The Guinea–Mali border is 1,062 km (660 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Senegal in the north to the tripoint with Ivory Coast in the south.
The border begins in the north at the tripoint with Senegal on the Balinko river, and then follows this river southwards, before turning to the south-east, utilising various rivers and overland sections.
The border then goes overland in a southwards direction, with a very brief section utilising the Niger river, before another overland section connects up to the Sankarani River, which it follows for some distance to the south-west.
The border then leaves this river, going overland in an eastward and then southward direction via a series of irregular lines, before reaching the tripoint with the Ivory Coast.
France had began settling in the region of modern Senegal in the 17th century, later annexing the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century as the Rivières du Sud colony.
As a result of the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
The precise date the Guinea-Mali boundary was drawn appears to be uncertain, though it is thought to have been drawn at the time of the formal institution of French Guinea in the 1890s; the border was later described in more detail in a French arrete of 1911.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
He was the son of Abtin and Faranak, and one of the two brothers of Fereidun who helped him win Zahhak.
Kayanoush and Barmayeh, in the midst of the battle of Fereydun with Zahhak, saw Fereydun reign over the world inevitable, and their envy set the scene for the night of Fereydun murder and the scene of the murder.
Fereydun had not yet completely won over Zahhak, but repeated Fereydun conquests had convinced everyone that he would soon win the war.
The sleeping-room was apparently on the side of a mountain that could be destroyed by the landing of a large rock.
Kayanoush and Barmayeh used the darkness of night to climb the summit out of sight of the army to roll a huge rock.
It was discovered in 1930 north of the city of Karak and is thought to date to 3000-900 BC, belonging to the Kingdom of Moab.
James Pigott Pritchett (14 May 1830 – 22 September 1911), known as J P Pritchett junior or J P Pritchett of Darlington, was a British architect.
He was born in York, the son of architect James Pigott Pritchett senior (1789 – 1868) and his second wife Caroline Benson.
In 1854, he succeeded to the architectural practice of his brother-in-law John Middleton in Darlington, where he would continue to work until his retirement.
The same year, his father's firm, Pritchett & Sons of York, won a competition to design two chapels, a lodge and entrance gates for the new Boston Cemetery in Lincolnshire, but it was Pritchett junior who attended the meeting in July 1854 and was commissioned to prepare plans.
He provided the layout for the grounds and plans for twin chapels and a lodge, all in the gothic style, which were constructed by 1855 when the Anglican chapel was consecrated and the first internment took place.
Also in 1854, Pritchett was engaged to renovate the medieval St Nicholas Church, Durham, and when the building was found to be beyond repair he was commissioned to design a replacement.
He constructed over 100 more churches and during his career, and was particularly associated with churches in Darlington, although Nikolaus Pevsner believed that St Nicholas Durham remained among his best.
He was a member of the Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, a founding member of the Northern Architectural Association, and a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
David Fenwick Wilson is an American-born Canadian music scholar, educator, and organist whose academic contributions include a treatise on music of the Middle Ages.
He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Carnegie Mellon University, his Master of Music from Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester in New York, and his Doctor of Philosophy from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
Wilson’s work led to the formation of the Department of Music, and he served as the Founding Chairman from 1968 to 1971.
During his academic tenure, Wilson directed the Dalhousie Chorale and also established an early music ensemble, which eventually grew into Musica Antiqua, an umbrella group of vocal and instrumental groups, involving students and interested members of the wider community, with a repertoire that included Baroque opera.
In 1978, Wilson co-founded the Early Music Society of Nova Scotia (EMSNS) with a view to providing focus, disseminating information, promoting concerts of early music and the playing of period instruments.
Wilson’s other contributions to musical life include Music Director of the Halifax Baroque Ensemble, member of the Halifax Symphony Orchestra (1957-61), President of Musique Royale, President of the Royal Canadian College of Organists (RCCO Halifax Branch), Lecturer on French Organ Music at the Schola Cantorum in Paris (1999), and Organist/Choir Director at Saint James Anglican Church, Armdale (1992-2018).
Marla Beth Feller is the Paul Licht Distinguished Professor in Biological Sciences and Member of the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley.
During her doctorate she played Ultimate Frisbee, and may have been one of the founders of the University of California, Berkeley women's Ultimate team.
She completed her doctoral research in 1991, and embarked on a course in neural systems and behaviour at the Woods Hole Research Center.
After her PhD, Feller was a postdoctoral researcher at Bell Labs from 1992 to 1994, where she worked in the biological computation department with David W. Tank.
She joined the University of California, San Diego in 2000, first as the Silvo Varon Assistant Professor of Neuroregeneration and eventually as an Associate Professor.
Feller was recruited to the University of California, Berkeley in 2007 and made Head of the Division of Neurobiology in 2013.
She primarily investigates the retina, combining two-photon excitation microscopy and electrophysiology to establish how young retinas generate retinal waves, and the role that these waves play in retinal development.
She has monitored the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) in babies, identifying that they communicate with one another as part of a network that serves to boost retinal eye sensitivity.
She has studied the ipRGC in mice, showing that even before the retina is fully developed a mouse can detect light.
Senstar Corporation develops and manufactures perimeter intrusion detection systems, video management software, personal duress systems, and access control software for the physical security and video surveillance industries.
Senstar products protect facilities around the world, including critical infrastructure sites, military bases, nuclear power plants, airports, personal estates, borders, and correctional facilities.
Early adopters of the technology included the U.S. military as well as the Correctional Service of Canada, who installed the buried sensor system at its correctional facilities throughout Canada.
In 1997 Senstar was sold to Magal Security Systems, which previously purchased Stellar Security Systems in 1993, a manufacturer of electrostatic field and triboelectric fence-mounted sensors.
The new organization went under the name Senstar-Stellar Corporation in its North American operations, while Senstar remained the name for European operations.
In 1998 Magal acquired Perimeter Products Inc., a manufacturer of fence-mounted sensors and bistatic microwave sensors, where it remained as a separate entity.
In 2003 Senstar, via Perimeter Products Inc., acquired Dominion Wireless, a manufacturer of personal duress systems, with all three organizations being consolidated in 2009 at the Ottawa headquarters under the Senstar brand.
In 2014 Magal purchased Optellios, a manufacturer of long-range fiber optic sensors, and merged the organization with the main Senstar operations.
The Ivory Coast–Mali border is 599 km (372 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Guinea in the west to the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Guinea; it then proceeds, indirectly, eastwards via a series of overland and riverine sections (rivers utilised include the Baoule, Gbolonzon, Bessin, Dougoulinfolo, Degou, Banifing, Boronikono, Babani, Bagoé, Kobani, Yaka Anka, Lofoon, Kafonrako and Danboro), before reaching the tripoint with Burkina Faso on the Léraba River.
France had begun signing treaties with chiefs along the modern Ivorian coast in the 1840s, thereby establishing a protectorate which later became the colony of Ivory Coast in 1893.
As a result of the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
The precise date the boundary was drawn appears to be uncertain - it is thought to have been drawn at the time of the formal institution of French West Africa and its constituent units in the 1890s.
The internal divisions of AOF underwent several changes during its existence; what are now Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso were initially united as Upper Senegal and Niger, with Niger constituting a military territory ruled from Zinder.
The Niger military territory was split off in 1911, becoming a separate colony in 1922, and Mali and Upper Volta (Burkina Faso) were constituted as separate colonies in 1919.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Eventually, in 1960, both Mali and Ivory Coast gained independence, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.
Since the outbreak of conflict in northern Mali in 2012 Ivory Coast has begun strengthening security at the border in order to prevent any spill-over.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria is a c.1512-1513 oil on panel painting of the sacra conversazione genre by Andrea del Sarto.
The work was produced during an early phase of the artist's work, contemporary with his frescoes in the Chiostrino dei Voti in Santissima Annunziata, Florence, and was a major influence on his principal pupils, especially Rosso Fiorentino and Pontormo.
He is the Danae and Vasilis Salapatas Professor in Metallurgy in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He earned his Bachelor of Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign before attending Northwestern University's Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science for his PhD.
Schuh joined the faculty of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2002 as an Assistant Professor.
Within two years, he was the recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers for his experimental and theoretical research.
Schuh was shortly thereafter promoted to associate professor without tenure, during which he co-discovered a safer method for shrinking crystals for metal alloys.
In 2011, Schuh was elected a MacVicar fellow for undergraduate teaching excellence and received the SAE International Ralph R. Teetor Education Award.
The following year, Schuh, Tongjai Chookajorn, and Heather Murdoch co-developed a method to produce nanocrystals, alloys made of tiny grains which hold exceptional strength and other properties.
He also led a team of researchers through a high-speed imaging impact process, which could help engineers design materials for erosion protection in the future.
They used the data collected from the study to predict the response of particles of a given size travelling at a given speed.
In 2019, Schuh was elected a Member of the National Academy of Engineering, and fellow of the National Academy of Inventors.
The listed buildings consist of farmhouses, a pair of cottages, a cross, a well, a pair of entrance piers, and two mileposts.
Ngarahu Katene is a Māori Anglican bishop: he has been the incumbent of the Episcopal polity of Te Pīhopatanga o Te Manawa o Te Wheke since 2005.
Bids for Commonwealth Games is the process where Commonwealth Games Associations select from within their national territory cities to put forward bids to host a Commonwealth Games.
Since the creation of the Commonwealth Games Federation in 1932, which successfully appropriated the name of the Inter-Empire Championships to create a modern sporting event for the members of the Commonwealth, interested cities have rivaled for selection as host of the Commonwealth Games.
20 cities (including repeats) have been chosen to host the Commonwealth Games; four in America, two in Asia, six in Europe, one in Carribean and seven in Oceania.
The General Assembly of the CGF is responsible for deciding who will host the Commonwealth Games, 8 years prior to the games in question once all bids have been submitted.
The selection process is made in accordance with the Candidate City Manual, as drafted by the Executive Board and made available to candidates 18 months before a decision is made.
The federation then entrusts the organisation of the games to the organising committee, CGA, and government of the winning host nation or territory, including the security and finance, but is still monitored by the federation.
The Azad Jammu and Kashmir 2019–20 is the Azad Jammu and Kashmir budget of Azad Jammu and Kashmir for the fiscal year beginning from 1 July 2019 and ending on 30 June 2020.
It was presented by Finance and Planning Minister Dr. Najeeb Naqi on 18 June 2019 at the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Assembly with a total outlay of ₨.
She was on a voyage to India under a license from the EIC when she was wrecked on 10 August 1821.
Because the EIC did not insure vessels sailing on its behalf, the registers frequently did not carry them in its listings of registered vessels.
The EIC chartered her on 15 March 1809 for one voyage at a rate of £39 15s per ton, for 590 tons.
Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 15 February 1810, reached St Helena on 24 June, and arrived back at the Downs on 5 September.
The EIC chartered her on 9 November 1810 for one voyage at a rate of £33 10s per ton, for 600 tons.
She sailed from there on 5 July, together with , , , and other East Indiamen, and under convoy of .
Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 26 February 1812, reached St Helena on 2 July and Falmouth on 4 September, and arrived at the Downs on 14 September.
Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 24 February 1814, reached Simon's Bay on 16 June and St Helena on 5 September, and arrived at the Downs on 16 November.
Homeward bound, she was at Tellicherry on 29 October, reached St Helena on 24 January 1819, and arrived back at the Downs on 28 March.
The men's discus throw event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 4 September 1985.
It is directly managed the Ministry of Health and it was established in 1971 as a part of nearby Thomayer Hospital.
During races players oversee the strategy of two drivers racing automatically along the tracks, telling drivers when to pit, which tyre compound they should change to, instructing drivers when to drive faster/slower, etc.
In-between races players also have the opportunity to upgrade their drivers and various car components such as the engine, brakes, front wing, etc.
They also commented on the in-game microtransactions, stating that whilst their presence might annoy some players, they found them to be after a few weeks gameplay not too much of a restriction.
When discussing negative points about the game Carscoops referred to game being demanding on your device battery and the fact it requires a permanent internet connection to play.
Cole was born in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada and grew up in Oshawa, Ontario and went to secondary school in Whitby.
Commentators pointed to contradictions in the Star's admonishment of Cole, and cited the Star's long history of employing and supporting columnists who engage in activism.
She wrote that Cole felt bound by a promise he had made to black children he had addressed during a presentation he had made during Black History Month.
Towards the end of 2017, speculation arose that Cole was thinking about running for mayor of Toronto; however, Cole later announced that we would not enter the race.
Cole pointed out that he had not used animal terms to refer to Alek Minassian, who had recently perpetrated the Toronto Van Attack.
The Wolverines hosted both a Regional during the 2019 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and was defeated in the Regional Final by James Madison.
Taylor and Walker met in 2014 at a local Chipotle restaurant in Atlanta, shortly after Taylor graduated from high school and while Ken was working at a local Home Depot.
At the suggestion of some fans, in December of 2014, they created a YouTube account and began documenting their life as a couple.
The women's long jump event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 4 September 1985.
Roseline Éloissaint (born 20 February 1999) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a winger for Canadian club AS Blainville and the Haiti women's national team.
The Times Sudoku Championship [India] (commonly abbreviated as 'TSC') is an annual national contest held in India to crown the Times Sudoku Champion and to select a national team that is sponsored by Times of India (TOI) to represent the country at the World Sudoku Championship.
It usually consists of multiple rounds of solving various classic sudoku and its variants, and the scores of players are aggregated for the final rankings.
It is jointly conducted by TOI and Logic Masters India (commonly abbreviated as 'LMI'), which is the Indian affiliate of the World Puzzle Federation.
Of the 8 national championships held so far, 4 have been won by Rohan Rao, 1 by Rishi Puri, 1 by Prasanna Seshadri, 1 by Kishore Kumar and 1 by Pranav Kamesh.
Her father, William Caruthers Morris, worked for a local newspaper before becoming a minister in the Presbyterian Church; her mother, Anna Virginia Foster Morris, was a teacher.
In 1906, she graduated with honors from the Landon Conservatory in Dallas and began to teach music at Halsell College in Vinita, Oklahoma (1907-08) and the Stonewall Jackson Institute in Abingdon, Virginia (1909-12).
In 1912, Annabel married John Preston Buchanan, a lawyer who would eventually serve as a member of the Virginia Senate, representing the state's 1st district.
Michał Mieszko Gogol (born 23 April 1985) is a former Polish volleyball player, an assistant coach of the Poland men's national volleyball team and a head coach of PGE Skra Bełchatów.
Isle Private Airport is a city-owned private-use airport located two miles north east of the central business district of Isle, a city in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, United States.
Pilots flying into the Isle Private Airport must be members of the Isle Flying Club or have permission from a current member.
Isle Private Airport covers an area of 35 acres which contains one runway designated 16/34 with a 2460 x 160 ft (750 X 49 m)) turf surface.
In 1954 the state of Minnesota deeded vacated land to the Village of Isle to be used exclusively for an airport.
In the early 1980's the airport lost its Minnesota Department of Transportation/Aeronautics public-use status due to new runway length rules and tall tree interference.
In 2014 the City of Isle established an Airport commission to move forward with plans to improve the airport and return it to public-use status.
In the film Raghu is a loyal goon to the local thug Narayan Anna (Nassar) who orders Raghu to kill Zoya, not knowing that Raghu loves her because she was an eyewitness to a crime that Narayan Anna's son committed.
This competition serves as the season curtain-raiser and is scheduled to be played in late January or early February each year, one week before the start of the season.
On 31 October 2019, the first Supercopa Ecuador edition was confirmed to be played by the league and cup champions of the 2019 season, taking place on 1 February 2020 at a neutral ground.
In the event the same club wins both the league and the domestic cup, its rival in the Supercopa will be the Copa Ecuador runner-up.
Samuel L. Myers, Jr is an economist and Roy Wilkins Professor of Human Relations and Social Justice in the Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota.
He has been awarded the Samuel Z. Westerfield, Jr., Award by the National Economic Association and the Marilyn J. Gittell Activist Scholar Award from the Urban Affairs Association (UAA) and SAGE Publishing.
Myers was raised near the campus of Morgan State University, where his father, Samuel L. Myers Sr. was an economics professor.
Myers has taught at the University of Texas, Austin and the University of Minnesota, and has been an economist with the Federal Trade Commission.
He has authored or edited several books and dozens of papers using applied econometric techniques to study racial inequality in law enforcement, housing, food availability, and government aid.
The Burkina Faso–Mali border is 1,325 km (823 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Ivory Coast in the west to the tripoint with Niger in the east.
The border then follows this river east, then proceeds towards the north-east, utilising various overland sections as well as rivers such as the Sourou, before reaching the tripoint with Niger.
As a result of the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
The internal divisions of AOF underwent several changes during its existence; what are now Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso were initially united as Upper Senegal and Niger, with Niger constituting a military territory ruled from Zinder.
The Niger military territory was split off in 1911, becoming a separate colony in 1922, and Mali and Upper Volta (Burkina Faso) were constituted as separate colonies in 1919.
The precise date the Mali-Upper Volta boundary was drawn appears to be uncertain, though it is thought to have been created at the time of the formal institution of Upper Volta in 1919.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Eventually, in 1960, both Mali and Upper Volta renamed Burkina Faso in 1984) gained independence, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.
As the precise on-the-ground demarcation of the boundary was frequently unclear, in 1968 the two states agreed to set up a joint commission to examine borer demarcation.
As the commission failed to come to a mutually satisfactory agreement, tensions began mounting between the two states, mot notably over the eastern-most section of the border known as the Agacher Strip, believed to be rich in minerals.
Fighting then erupted in late 1974, continuing into the new year, before an Organisation of African Unity-sponsored ceasefire took effect by which both states agreed to set up a technical commission to resolve the dispute peacefully.
A ceasefire was declared, and the case referred to the International Court of Justice, which split the territory almost equally between the two states in 1986.
She won the Sult Prize in 2012, the Brage Prize (open class) and the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 2014.
It was bred in the nineteenth century at the Striletsky State Stud in Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine, from Arab and a variety of other stock.
As with other Russian horse populations, its numbers were gravely reduced by the events of the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War, and it came close to disappearing.
Two stallions and a few mares survived, which was judged to be too small a number to allow the breed to be recovered.
Instead, they were taken to the Tersk Stud in the North Caucasus and used as the foundation stock in the development of the new Tersk breed of riding horse.
The Strelets Arab was bred in the nineteenth century at the Striletsky State Stud, near the village of , which at that time was in the Starobelsky district of the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire, and is now in Milovsky Raion of Luhansk Oblast in easternmost Ukraine, close to the Russian border.
It derived from a complex series of cross-breedings, initially of Arab and Anglo-Arab or Thoroughbred stock, later with some input from Karabakh, Orlov-Rostopchin, Persian and Turkmene horses.
The predominant influence was that of the Arab, and the result was a horse of Arab appearance, but somewhat larger and faster.
Among the Arab stallions used in the creation of the breed were Obayan Serebryany, a grey foaled in 1851; Tsiprian, foaled in 1875; and Tsenny, foaled in 1899, who was the sire of both Tsenitel and Tsilindr, the last two stallions of the breed survive.
Nelourde Nicolas (born 26 July 1999) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Haiti women's national team.
It was held on 1 February 2020 between 2019 Ecuadorian Serie A champions Delfín and 2019 Copa Ecuador champions LDU Quito, being the third final in a row played between both sides after the final series of both the league and the cup.
Originally it was scheduled to be played at Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo, however, the venue was switched due to the latter stadium hosting the return leg of Barcelona's Copa Libertadores first stage tie against Uruguayan club Progreso on 29 January.
Sara Alexandri, (born 22 October 1913) was a Russian artist known for her oil paintings who, after training in Italy, spent the majority of her career in Britain.
She studied art in Florence, initially at the Royal Institute d'Arte between 1936 and 1940 and then, after the Second World War, at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts during 1946 and 1947.
Married and living in England, first at Bath then at St Leonards-on-Sea, Alexandri exhibited oil paintings and watercolours of landscapes, flowers and figure subjects at numerious venuesin Britain and abroad.
These included the Royal Academy in London, with the Royal Society of British Artists, the Women's International Art Club and at the Royal West of England Academy in Bristol and at the Paris Salon.
The Memorial for Victims of the German Occupation is a monument created in memory of the German invasion of Hungary, located in Budapest's Liberty Square.
The memorial has sparked controversy and angered Jewish community organizations, with critics alleging that the monument absolves the Hungarian state and Hungarians of their collaboration with Nazi Germany and complicity in the Holocaust.
First announced in late 2013 and approved in a closed cabinet session on New Year's Eve of 2013, the memorial was built on the night of July 20/21, 2014.
The memorial features a stone statue of the Archangel Gabriel, a national symbol of Hungary, being attacked by an eagle with extended claws that resembles the German coat of arms, the eagle representing the Nazi invasion and occupation of Hungary in March, 1944.
The Guinea–Senegal border is 363 km (225 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Guinea-Bissau in the west to the tripoint with Mali in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Guinea-Bissau, proceeding eastwards via a series of irregular overland lines and some rivers (notably the Mitji, Termossé and Soudoul), before terminating at the Malian tripoint in the east on the Balinko river.
France had began settling in the region of modern Senegal in the 17th century, later annexing the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century as the Rivières du Sud colony.
The latter area was constituted as French Guinea in 1893, with both it and Senegal later becoming part of the French West Africa colony.
As the movement for decolonisation grew after the Second World War, France gradually granted more political rights and representation to their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Avenida Carlos III, was a promenade that Captain General (Spanish: Capitanía General de Cuba) Miguel Tacón y Rosique, put into operation in 1836.
Years later, the name was changed to Carlos III in honor of the King of Spain, a statue of the king was erected.
The beautification plan of Havana by the engineer Mariano Carrillo de Albornoz duing the third decade of the nineteenth century, contemplated the construction of s comfortable and beautiful walk that would serve for the recreation of the city's residents who were already spreading to more and more of its original city limits and as framed by the original wall that protected them from foreign attacks.
The Paseo de Tacón would allow for better communication with the colonial troops in the Castillo del Príncipe, because until then it was difficult to reach that military installation by having to circumvent a low and muddy road that became practically impassable in times of rains.
It was this site, once swampy and watery, the most on purpose for a work of this kind in the surroundings of this city, in the part where it is not surrounded by the sea.
There was also another reason that turned the work into doubly useful, which was the frank communication of this square with the castle, interrupted by that part in the rainy season.
Well-known since the time of the monarchy by the name Carlos III, the steet is more than 50 meters in width and serves to diect traffic to and from the oldest areas of Havana.
La Quinta de los Molinos is a botanical gaden and a national monument located in the general vecinity of the Paseo de Tacón.
It was also the residence of Cuba's first president Máximo Gómez, (November 18, 1836 – June 17, 1905) who was a Major General in Cuba's Ten Years' War (1868–1878) against Spain.
It is called La Quinta de los Molinos due to the existence of 2 grinding mills used for tobacco and snuff, in high demand at the end of the 18th century throughout Europe, and particularly in Spain.
The mills were owned by Martín de Aróstegui, president of the Royal Tobacco Factory belonging to the Spanish king, hence his name.
before 1850, it was known as El Jardin de Tacon as it appears in a plan from 1843 and on a marble plate embedded in the wall of an old building there.
The mills worked until the second half of the 19th century, they were moved by the force of water from the Royal Trench which was the first aqueduct in Havana.
Very close to the Plaza de La Catedral is the alley of the jet , whose name comes from its old use.
Originally the Plaza de la Catedral was called Plaza de la Ciénaga, since it was there where the Havanans came to get water, brought by the Royal Ditch.
The jet as the Zanja Real was also known, more than 11 km long, started from the Almendares River and brought water to Havana across the Zanja street that bears that name in honor of it.
This first aqueduct was discontinued when, given the growing development of the city, the Spanish government was forced to find another solution for the water supply to the city, creating the aqueduct of Fernando VII in 1835, and the Acueducto de Albear in 1858, which joined in 1878.
In 1607 Philip III created the Captaincy General of Cuba as part of larger plans to defend the Caribbean against foreign threats.
In 1756 the construction of ships for the Spanish Navy began with the establishment of an Intendancy of the Navy was established in Havana, which functioned as a royal shipyard.
The British conquest of the island in 1762 during the Seven Years' War proved to be a turning point in the history of Cuba and Spanish America in general.
The events revealed not only the weaknesses of the region's defenses but also proved just how much the Cuban economy had been neglected by the Spanish.
A year earlier France had secretly ceded Louisiana to Spain in compensation for its losses as its ally during the war.
As a sign of the seriousness with which the government took the problems, the very year the Spanish retook control of Havana construction began on what would become the largest Spanish fort in the New World, San Carlos de la Cabaña on the eastern side of the entrance to harbor of Havana.
G. P. Schafer Architect is a New York City-based architectural firm established in 2002 and led by founder and principal Gil Schafer III.
The practice is known for new houses and residential renovations that blend American classical and traditional styles, historical and regional precedence and contemporary amenities in designs that integrate structure, decoration and landscape.
The firm occupied space in a SoHo high-rise on Lafayette Street for several years, and by 2007, had executed 25 projects with a staff that had grown to fifteen.
By 2018, its staff numbered thirty-five, and the practice took over a fourth-floor aerie on Union Square West in Manhattan as raw space; the new office was designed with a library at the spine and decorated with classical, home-like details attuned to the firm's residential aesthetic.
He spent his childhood in many places, including New Jersey and the Midwest, California, and the Bahamas; he attributes his awareness of place, context and vernacular traditions to the many houses he experienced, particularly, his grandmother's antebellum plantation in Thomasville, Georgia.
He studied Growth & Structure of Cities at Haverford College and Bryn Mawr (BA, 1984), before attending Yale School of Architecture (MA, 1988).
At Yale, he trained as a modernist under Thomas Beeby, Frank Gehry, Josef Paul Kleihues, Bernard Tschumi and Robert Venturi, and earned the school's top honor in studio work, the H. I. Feldman Prize, in his final semester.
Between 1999–2006, he was president, and then, chairman of the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art, helping to build the organization to a nine-chapter, 2,500-member nonprofit with comprehensive training and educational programs.
Schafer writes and lectures on traditional residential architecture, and has served on nonprofit boards and advisory councils, including Yale School of Architecture’s Dean’s Council, the Dutchess Land Conservancy, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation.
The firm's acknowledged influences include 18th- and 19-century American design movements and figures such as Colonial Revival architects Charles A. Platt and William Lawrence Bottomley, Sir Edwin Lutyens, and David Adler and Frances Adler Elkins.
Architecture writers characterize G. P. Schafer Architect's approach by its sensitivity to context, climate, and client lifestyle; interplay between historical precedent, details, materials and craftsmanship; balance of classical order and proportion, imagination, and contemporary function; and integration of architecture, landscape and decoration.
The latter quality is often achieved through collaborations that serve as a complements or foils to the firm's classicism, such as with interior designers Rita Konig, David Netto, Miles Redd and Michael S. Smith, landscape designer Deborah Nevins, decorator Bunny Williams, and color consultant Eve Ashcraft.
An early, highly recognized project, Middlefield (Dutchess County, New York, 1999), demonstrates the holistic approach elaborated in Schafer's first book and set the mold for the firm's new-old, timeless aesthetic.
Following a long and unsuccessful attempt to find a suitable nineteenth-century Greek Revival house to renovate, he decided to design and build a new, modern rendition, carefully sited for a sense of belonging on a 45-acre land parcel.
Its sense of history is furthered by re-salvaged elements (200-year-old pine-board flooring and restoration glass glazing), patinas, custom mercury glass hardware, and a multi-level design implying evolution over time.
Writers particularly note the house's integration into the landscape through surrounding precincts of terraced stone walls and hornbeam-hedge garden rooms (created with Deborah Nevins) and its dramatic approach.
The simple exterior shapes, ambience and details of the award-winning, Colonial Revival Willow Grace Farm (Millbrook, New York, 2007) were modeled after a nearby dilapidated, loosely Federal-style dwelling its client had purchased; the 9,000-square-foot residence and outbuildings incorporate wide-plank floorboards, door hinges, beams and fixtures salvaged from the older structure alongside elements rigorously detailed to match.
New Classical House (Hudson Valley, 2007) blends Jeffersonian palladian classical precedents and regionally appropriate Greek Revival elements in a five-part symmetrical design with a contemporary interior layout unified by a palette of teals, blues, and greens.
Whereas G. P. Schafer Architect's new houses intentionally offer suggestions of renovation and imperfect quirks, its restorations are noted for their seamlessness.
The firm executed an award-winning, four-year restoration of the 1843 Greek Revival William C. Gatewood House (Charleston, 2008), a four-story residence whose distinctive Tuscan columns, arched colonnade and dramatic multistory piazza, and lofty second-floor parlor rooms typify the grand, antebellum Charleston single house.
The commission stipulated the retention of all the original walls, yet entailed a literal disassembly and reconstruction—due to structural damage—as well as detective work to uncover traces of original features that had been altered.
The restoration integrated modern amenities and flow patterns that blended into the original historic framework with decoration honoring Greek Revival and vernacular styles that use period furnishings and fixtures, Charlestonian pumpkin-hued walls, hand-painted scenic wallpaper, and restored original nine-foot triple-hung windows, mantels and woodwork.
The Georgian farmhouse Boxwood (Nashville, 2010) provided the firm an opportunity to work on a residence designed by one of Schafer's influences, American classicist Charles A. Platt.
The renovation sought to restore the classical elegance and understated formality that had been diluted by significant alterations, while contemporizing the home with modern living space, decoration and detail.
On the exterior, the firm created a more unified aesthetic by redesigning a 1950s portico to better match Platt's vision and painting the re-clad brick white.
Inside, it restored the loggia's French doors and broke down outmoded barriers between utilitarian, formal public and informal areas by opening the space and adding enfilades.
Initially an undistinguished, early-1990s chalet lacking any architectural back story, the barn-like near-A-frame (including a double-height, 30 x 30-foot great room) offered a blank canvas for experimentation.
It was gutted to the timber frames and rebuilt inside and out, with large windows, tall glass sliding doors, and dormer windows installed to maximize light and views of Blue Hill Bay.
The interior—painted all white to enhance the light and views—bridges New England tradition and modernity with painted wood-plank walls and hardware reflecting rural history alongside eclectic, centuries-spanning furnishings.
The new Waterfront House in the Adirondacks (Lake Placid, New York, 2013) is a modern adaptation of the Gilded-Age family compound that combines classical and vernacular elements to balance a client preference for formality with the region's relaxed camp aesthetic; the exterior of the asymmetrical, rambling structure employs a tailored, less-known Adirondack-style of brown clapboard siding, green-shingled roof and white trim.
Its formal front façade features a classical Serlian second floor window, fluted Greek Doric columns and rustic stone chimneys, tied together by a long, welcoming porch with two entries; the more informal rear employs a Chippendale railing pattern drawn from a Native American textile.
The house's siting, thin plan, and light-filled rooms emphasize the lake and Whiteface Mountain vistas (including a striking view entering the front door) and allow easy circulation; sea-influenced details, such as blue cloth wall coverings and playroom bunk nooks that flank French doors opening to the shore, further the connection to place.
Mill Valley Hillside Residence (California, 2013) entailed the transformation of a derelict assemblage of structures on a small, sloped lot that began as an 1880s YWCA bunkhouse into a larger, modern family cottage.
The design preserves the property's rustic, rambling character, history and connection to the natural California vernacular style with simple materials and finishes and elements such as reclaimed random-width floorboards, casement windows, restoration glass and historic hardware; a unique solution to a cramped floor plan and zoning that restricted the footprint involved adding a floor of rooms beneath the structure, which stands on stilts.
Two New York residences demonstrate the firm's approach to city life, which writers note seeks a balance between traditional and modern, sophistication and comfort.
The award-winning renovation, Greenwich Village Townhouse Apartment (2003), restored period style and craftsmanship to an 1850s residence covered over with modernist additions, while updating its layout.
The Greek Revival design balanced the apartment's 13-foot ceilings and 12-foot windows with a classical frieze above the door, a nine-foot mahogany bookcase, and Ionic columns and folding shutters based on 19th-century townhouse pattern books; other details, influenced by Adler/Elkins interiors, included a custom scagliola mantelpiece, a cross-hatched terracotta wall glaze, and hand-crafted, faux-grain mahogany doors.
Fifth Avenue Apartment (2016) combines formal architectural details—including a columned entry foyer right off the elevator framing a panoramic view of Central Park—with a relaxed, open plan and modern colors to create a residence amenable to formal entertaining, family life, and an adventurous contemporary art collection.
The firm won the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art's (ICAA) Arthur Ross Award in 2019 and ICAA Stanford White Awards for two residences (Longfield Farm and Fifth Avenue Apartment, both 2013), the New York Historical Society Library project (Interior Design and Decoration Award, 2014), and a collaboration with Voith & Mactavish Architects on Thorndale Farm Corporate Offices (Commercial, Civic and Institutional Architecture Award, 2016).
In 2009, G. P. Schafer Architect received two American Institute of Architects awards: a New York State Award of Merit for the William C. Gatewood House and a Westchester/Hudson Valley Citation Award for Willow Grace Farm.
It has also received Palladio Awards for Thorndale Farm Corporate Offices (2018), Willow Grace Farm (2009), Greenwich Village Townhouse Apartment (2004), and Middlefield (2002).
3rd (Ulster) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery later the 4th (Ulster) LAA Regt, was an air defence unit of Britain's part-time force the Supplementary Reserve (later the Territorial Army (TA)).
The regiment was formed in 1939 during the increase of international tension following the Munich Conference the year before known as the Munich Crisis.
When the regiment was mobilised they served in France before returning to be converted to light anti-aircraft artillery (LAA) and eventually participated in the Invasion of Normandy.
After the TA was re-organised and re-instated in 1947, the regiment was reformed into two regiments which were later merged, and after more reductions was reduced to today's 206 (Ulster) Battery Royal Artillery based in Belfast and Coleraine under 105th Regiment Royal Artillery.
In 1939 the 3rd Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery (Supplementary Reserve) was formed as one of the first Supplementary Reserve regiments in Northern Ireland along with the 188th (Antrim) Heavy Battery, Royal Artillery formed two years before in 1937.
In September 1939 following the announcement for general mobilisation, the regiment was assigned to the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Brigade and consolidated in Belfast.
The regiment was then preparing for home defence and participation with the local 8th (Belfast), 9th (Londonderry) and 102nd (Ulster) Heavy AA regiments.
In October as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) started to form, the War Office (WO) became increasingly worried by the lack of AA units assigned to the soon to form BEF.
As a result of the this, the war office announced the movement of; three HAA (8th (Belfast), 79th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry), and 85th (Tees)), two S/L regiments (2nd (Militia) and 3rd (Ulster)), and one LAA (38th (West Yorkshire)) along with an independent battery attached from the 37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) S/L Regt.
In November the regiment was assigned to the Home Forces Command, moved to Bordon near Aldershot Garrison, and in December moved to France to join the British Expeditionary Force.
Due to the recent expansion of AA units in France, the 4th and 5th (Searchlight) Anti-Aircraft Brigades' headquarters were moved to France and took control of these newly assigned units.
As a result of these moves, the regiment was assigned to the 5th (Searchlight) Anti-Aircraft Brigade along with the 1st (Regular) S/L, 2nd (Militia) S/L regiments of the brigade.
In May 1940 the regiment manned forward gun zones along with their regular colleagues from the 1st and 2nd searchlight regiments, and tasked with defending and supporting the HAA batteries during night raids and assist them when needed.
During this period, the 9th, 10th, and 11th S/L batteries were in the area between Lille and Bethune, while the 12th S/L Bty was in Dunkirk.
By May 1940, the regiment was renamed, in accordance with the re-organisation of the Royal Artillery, to become the 3rd (Ulster) Searchlight Regiment, RA (SR) to distinguish itself as a TA (SR) unit as apposed to the regular regiments based in the area.
When the Battle of France and concurrent Invasion of the Low Countries launched, the regiment supported HAA units during their defence against heavy German fighter attacks on the night of the invasion, they took special advantage of illuminating bombers during the night time raids.
During the initial attacks on the night of the 10th, Dunkirk was heavily attacked, and the 12th S/L battery was involved by assisting the HAA batteries there with both searchlights and machine-guns.
After three days, the Luftwaffe concentrated on attacking the airfields manned by the Royal Air Force's Advanced Air Striking Force which were based in the Somme area.
As these attacks increased, the regiment's three batteries based near Lille were separated to the RAF bases in the area, equipped with more machine-guns, and given a duel LAA/ground support role.
When the German Army Group B moved through the Ardennes and pushed through the south of the BEF, 9th S/L battery was rushed to Arras to defend the area by digging-in and defending its perimeter.
By the time of the push in the south, the regiment was scattered from Vimy Ridge to Arras, but on 19 May was order back to Dunkirk in independent groups as part of Operation Dynamo.
The cumbersome 150cm Searchlights were abandoned and disabled as there was no means of bringing them back in time due to the rapidness of the German advance.
By 21 May the 9th, 10th, and 11th S/L batteries were finally moved into the city of Dunkirk where the 12th had been based since moving to France.
Except for the 12th, the batteries helped the infantry for defence of the city except for a small group which provided a rear guard.
By 27 May, the 9th, 10th, and 11th S/L were all moved to the beaches in preparation for their evacuation while the 12th battery was still engaged in air defence duties.
On the 27th the 11th battery was driven back by small arms fire, on the 28th the 10th battery was driven back by tanks and artillery, and then the 11th battery was driven back further by more tanks and a failed French artillery support mission.
When the 12th battery was attacked, they moved towards Uxem (north-east of the city) were they were tasked with holding the canal entrance bridge and manned a small number of S/L projectors to illuminate the front against night attacks.
During this small engagement with the 10th battery, searchlights were used to project the defensive area on land (as apposed to being used in the air), and this became the first known example of searchlights being used to support or defend against ground attacks.
On the 27th the 9th, 10th, and 11th batteries were relieved by infantry and pulled back to the beaches and in turn destroyed their left-over equipment.
On the 27th while the other three (9th, 10th, and 11th batteries) retreated towards the beaches, the fourth (12th) battery was still in the middle of the city manning AA defences, despite being heavily shelled and manned a stubborn resistance.
While the other three batteries were being embarked between the 28th-30th, the 12th was ordered to send a detachment to the border town of Furnes, about ten miles from the Belgian border, to hold it against ground attack.
Despite the detachment being less than battery strength, they were able to hold Furnes for 36 hours until a company of the 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards took over.
The battery then moved along the coast back towards Dunkirk where they were evacuated during the late hours of the 31st.
During their three weeks of combat, the regiment suffered a fairly small amount of casualties (compared to most other regiments) loosing 28 men killed, 41 wounded, and three taken prisoner.
The 8th AA division was formed in mid-1940 as part of the expansion of AA Command just after the beginning of the Battle of France and during the Phoney War, and tasked with defending the south coast as far east as Bournemouth.
Within the division, the 64th Anti-Aircraft Brigade was formed as tasked with controlling the regiment tasked with defending the south-west airfields.
As part of this new brigade, the 2nd (Militia), 76th S/L, and 85th S/L regiments were assigned and tasked along the same lines of the brigade as a result of the increasing bombing from the Luftwaffe.
During the Battle of Britain, RAF squadrons based in the south west manned fighters and maritime patrol planes, and tasked to intercept enemy fighters and bombers before reaching the mainland.
Among the many bases included some well known ones which proved their worth including; RAF Falmouth, RAF Mount Batten, RAF Exeter, and RAF St Just.
During the later part of 1941, due to manpower over-stuffing and lack of guns available, many searchlight regiments were converted, disbanded, or merged.
During these periods of re-organisation, the regiment was re-organised and renamed to became the 4th (Ulster) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery.
By February the regiment was done converting and assigned to HQ Home Forces again in preparation for training to deploy to North-West Europe upcoming from Operation Overlord.
Operation Overlord was the wider name given to the Invasion of Normandy which would eventually end the war in Europe as discussed at the Yalta Conference.
This invasion would be spear-headed by the British Army, United States Army, Canadian Army, and forces from many now Nazi controlled nations.
Just a few months after the entrance of the United States of America into the war, on the allies' side, construction began on the Atlantic Wall which was created in order to be able to hold, or at minimum delay, an enemy landing.
When the initial landings in Normandy were launched, the regiment was still based in England, and would join the main forces in mid-June after a beachhead had been established.
On 7 and 14 August Operation Totalise and Operation Tractable were launched towards the area of Caen which was key for the Allies to capture if they were to maintain a foothold in the area.
During this operation, the regiment was attached to the 2nd Canadian Corps although still remained under administrative command of MGRA, Second Army (at this time it is unknown which brigade it was attached to).
AA Command had plenty of warning that the Germans were developing V-1 flying bombs to use against the UK, and had detailed plans in place (Operation Diver), these plans also covered the strategically important ports of Antwerp (Netherlands) and Brussels (Belgium).
These cities provided rear lines of communication and maintained the supply depôts for the 21st Army Group which was preparing to cross the Rhine into the Rhineland.
As far as the mainland Europe theatre was concerned, the allies were to try and take over all, or most, of the launch sites or air bases from which they were launched.
Once 21st Army Group had captured Brussels and Antwerp, these cities became targets for V-1s launched from within Germany, and anti-Diver or 'X' defences had to be established.
After the first V-1s had launched, GHQ AA Troops launched their plan which deployed the 101st Anti-Aircraft Brigade, which had been stationed in Cherbourg, to Brussels in September along with a small vanguard of the Second Army.
The 101st AA brigade began deployment on the 12th September with the following units; 105th HAA, 116th HAA, 4th (Ulster) LAA, and 367th Bty, (from 42nd (7th (Robin Hood) Btn, The Sherwood Foresters S/L Regt) under its command.
After arriving in the area of Brussels, the AA defences amounted to; 5 HAA regiments, 2 LAA regiments, and 2 S/L batteries.
Brussels at this point was only covered by the British 101 AA Bgd, and Antwerp by the US 50th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade.
To deal not only with conventional air raids but also the threat of V-1 flying bombs (code-named 'Divers'), the planners envisaged a large Gun Defence Area (GDA) integrated into a system ('Brussels X' ) of warning stations and observation posts, supported by radar and searchlights.
In March 1945 the regiment was moved towards the banks of the Rhine where it divided some batteries to protect the Rhine bridges and crossings.
On 1 January 1947 many of these regiments were reconstituted and many new regiments were formed as part of the reformed and re-organised Territorial Army (TA), with new numbers according to the renumbering plan for the complete re-designation of all Royal Artillery units, both regular and territorial.
Following the Royal Artillery's renumbering system, light anti-aircraft regiments were granted numbers between 512 and 558, but due to the regiment being part of the Supplementary Reserve, they were granted numbers between 201-255.
As a result of this re-organisation, the regiment was re-formed into two regiments and numbered as the 247th (Ulster) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery now reformed into the Territorial Army and the 248th (Ulster) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery newly formed and based in Belfast.
In 1949 the regiment was re-organised into a mixed searchlight and LAA unit, becoming the 247th (Ulster) Light Anti-Aircraft/Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery.
Finally, in 1955 following extensive reviews, AA defence (as far as AA guns) was deemed 'obsolete' with the coming of the missile age, so following a hard decision all regiments of Anti-Aircraft Command were disbanded or merged/converted.
The regiment along with all other regiments of the Royal Artillery wore the grenade collar badge and Royal Artillery cannon cap badge on a dark blue beret.
In common with the other regiments of the later 51st (Ulster) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, a supplementary army title ULSTER, embroidered in red and dark blue, was worn on battledress blouses below the Royal Artillery title.
The Honorary Colonel of the regiment was Sir George Ernest Clark, 2nd Baronet who held the position from 1939 to 1946.
It is thought that the name originally belonged to a settlement nearer the river, but the settlement was moved to the present site of Ngoulmakong and the name was transferred with it.
Christian Sabatié (born in Allez-et-Cazeneuve, on 20 June 1941) is a French former rugby league player, who played as a prop.
He also was called up for France national team, with which he played the 1968 Rugby League World Cup final lost against Australia.
Nobles Pond Site is a 25-acre archaeological site near Canton in Stark County, Ohio and is a historical site with The Ohio Historical Society.
At the end of the Ice age, about 10,500 to 11,500 years ago, a large number of Paleo-Indians, the first people to live in Ohio, camped at the site.
Artifacts on the site, primarily excavated by volunteers, provide insight into how they made and used tools, obtained materials, and how they lived.
Dr. Mark Seeman led an investigation of the site with students and volunteers before a housing development was built on the site.
In nine places near Nobles Pond, they found stone tools grouped in clusters and an area that indicated either areas for specific activities or house floors of a structure.
A study of the ways in which the stone tools were made was published by Michael J. Shott and Mark F. Seeman.
The source and variety of the stone for tools can tell a lot about a group, whether it is sedentary with base camps or travels from place-to-place to find food.
People of the Clovis culture are generally thought to be big game hunters, but analysis of eight Clovis points stained with blood have down that the Paleo-Indians of the Nobles Pond Site hunted a wide range of animals.
While there is some surprise that Paleo-Indians ate rabbit, the Cree First Nations people from northern Ontario who have a diet that relies to a great extent on rabbit, as noted by anthropologist Bruce Winterhalder.
Other sites with large-scale Paleo-Indian occupation include the Vail Site in Maine, DEDIC/Sugarloaf Site in Massachusetts, and in Ontario—Udora Site, Parkhill Site, and Fisher.
The Guinea–Ivory Coast border is 816 km (507 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Mali in the north to the tripoint with Liberia in the south.
The border starts in the north at the Malian tripoint, briefly going overland to the south-west before reaching the Sankarani River.
The border then proceeds overland to the south via a series of irregular lines, before reaching the Bagbe river, which it then follows as it flows to the west, followed by the Koure as it flows to the south.
France had begun signing treaties with chiefs along the modern Ivorian coast in the 1840s, thereby establishing a protectorate which later became the colony of Ivory Coast in 1893.
France has also annexed the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century as the Rivières du Sud colony.
The area was renamed French Guinea 1894, and was later included within the French West Africa colony along with Ivory Coast.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
The 2020 BC Men's Curling Championship the provincial men's curling championship for British Columbia, is being held January 28 to February 2 at the Western Financial Place in Cranbrook.
Cemetery Gates is a 2006 American horror film directed by Roy Knyrim and starring Reggie Bannister, Peter Stickles, and Aime Wolf.
The competition holds multiple tournaments for different forms and categories of beatboxing which include: Solo (or Showcase), Loopstation, Tag Team, and Tag Team Loopstation.
The event follows a traditional tournament format, where competitors take turns performing on a stage, and a panel of judges vote on the winner.
The event is streamed live on YouTube and other platforms, and edited versions of the battles and eliminations are uploaded periodically after the event.
In order to be invited to the GBB to compete, beatboxers must record a video of themselves performing an unedited beatbox routine and submit it to Swissbeatbox for judging.
The top 4 beatboxers from the previous year’s competition are automatically given an invitation and do not need to submit a wildcard.
The panel of judges then decide who to place in the top 8 to compete tournament-style for the GBB champion title.
The judges for the battles are usually past winners of the GBB or another beatboxing competition, or esteemed individuals within the beatbox community.
The most traditional of the beatbox battles, a Solo battle follows the formula of a battle rap, where each competitor takes two turns beatboxing.
A Loopstation Battle is a type of battle where a beatboxer uses a piece of hardware called a loopstation to loop, add effects to, and add other modifications to their beatboxing to create music.
In 2020, Swissbeatbox announced a new Tag Team Loopstation category, a combination of Tag Team and Loopstation, where two beatboxers use two loopstations at the same time.
The first beatboxer to win seven rounds is declared the winner and given a guaranteed spot in the elimination round of next years GBB.
The old cantonal school of Aarau (in German: AKSA, Alte Kantonsschule Aarau or Alte Kanti) was founded in 1802 and is the oldest non-church secondary school in Switzerland.
From 1802 to 1896, the cantonal school was housed in what is now the Amthaus (today home of the cantonal police) on Laurenzenvorstadt.
Johann Samuel von Gruner, the factory owner Johann Rudolf Meyer and the writer Andreas Moser, who created also Switzerland's first gymnasium here, were involved in its foundation.
Around 1896 the present Einstein House was inaugurated, it was later named after a former pupil of the school, the physicist Albert Einstein.
For each year there is a separate sports curriculum for professional athletes and an immersion class, in which the pupils are thought in German and English.
In addition to the mandatory languages German, English and French, students can choose also other languages to learn like Latin, Italian, Spanish, Greek, Russian, Hebrew and since 2006 even Arabic.
At the school the small and large Latinum, the Graecum, the Hebraicum as well as the Cambridge Advanced and the Proficiency can be taken.
In addition to the option of taking lessons on various musical instruments, there is also a choir, an orchestra and numerous ensembles.
In addition to the basic subject, a main subject in third grade and a supplementary subject in fourth grade are also offered.
Since 2003, keyboard writing was a compulsory subject at the high school as well as at the WMS, although the exams at the Gymnasium were less strict than at the WMS.
The course consists of a three-year period of study in Aarau with a 5-week internship in the second year and a 4-week language course in the third year.
Since 2005 the school has been an authorised ECDL test centre, whereby ECDL diplomas can be acquired voluntarily at the high school, while the acquisition in the WMS is part of the curriculum.
Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club were relegated at the end of the previous tournament, with Lankan Cricket Club replacing them in this tournament.
It is a 400-bed hospital, located in hargeisa, is the largest public hospital in somaliland, and offers healthcare facilities to patients of the city.
The 2020 El Paso Locomotive FC season is the second season for El Paso Locomotive FC in the USL Championship, the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of El Paso's season.
He received the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting with Art Petacque for uncovering new evidence that led to the reopening of efforts to solve the 1966 murder of Valerie Percy.
He met his future wife Ellen Marie Wasemann while at the University of Illinois and during the War she worked as a Junior Clerk-Typist in the University's Library School office.
In 1974, his reporting with Art Petacque uncovered new evidence that led to the reopening of the 1966 murder of Valerie Percy, earning them the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting.
Upon his death, the University of Illinois created a scholarship fund in his name for students enrolled in their College of Communications.
The women's 800 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2 and 3 September 1985.
Goldschmidt was born on 8 July 1831 in Copenhagen, the son of silk and tectile merchant Bendix Meyer Goldschmidt (1791-1874) and Rose Trier (1802-90).
Goldschmidt was from 1850 employed in his maternal uncle Adolph Trier's trading house in the cellar at Amagertyorv 8 (founded 1841).
Goldschmidt was made a partner in the firm on 1 January 1857 and it was from this on exclusively a wholesale business.
Trier & Goldschmidt was one of the first Danish trading houses to avoid the Hamburg-based intermediaries when trading on other European and overseas markets.
It grew to become one of the largest of the largest Danish wholesalers of colonial goods such as sugar, rice and spices.
He was a member of the Board of Deputies of Danish Jews in 1868-82 and he was also active on the boards of Copenhagen's two Jewish schools.
Goldschmidt married Galathea Meyer (12 June 1835 - 13 April 1874), a daughter of merchant Saul Meyer (1790-1862) and Frederikke Texiére (1809-61), on 6 December 1857 in Copenhagen.
The song caused some controversy among fans of Irish artist Niall Horan, as fans accused Trainor of copying his song of the same name, as well as the font used.
However, these claims were hardly substantiated as Trainor has been using the font throughout the campaign for her album, and Horan does not own the rights to the song title.
The Burkina Faso–Ivory Coast border is 545 km (339 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Mali in the west to the tripoint with Ghana in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Mali on the Léraba river; the border then follows this river, and then the Kamoe, as they flow south-eastwards.
The border then turns eastwards, proceeding via various rivers (such as the Keleworo, Kanba and Koulbi) and irregular overland lines to the tripoint with Ghana in the east on the Black Volta river.
France had begun signing treaties with chiefs along the modern Ivorian coast in the 1840s, thereby establishing a protectorate which later became the colony of Ivory Coast in 1893.
As a result of the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
The internal divisions of AOF underwent several changes during its existence; what are now Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso were initially united as Upper Senegal and Niger, with Niger constituting a military territory ruled from Zinder.
The Niger military territory was split off in 1911, becoming a separate colony in 1922, and Mali and Upper Volta (Burkina Faso) were constituted as separate colonies in 1919.
During the period 1932-47 Upper Volta was abolished and its territory split out between French Sudan, Niger and Ivory Coast, with the latter gaining the bulk of the territory, re-named 'Haute Cote d’Ivoire'.
The precise date the Ivory Coast-Upper Volta boundary was drawn appears to be uncertain - it is thought to have been drawn at the time of the formal institution of Upper Volta in 1919, based upon the rough delimitation of Ivorian territory by France in 1899.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Eventually, in 1960, both Ivory Coast and Upper Volta gained independence, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.
Since the outbreak of conflict in northern Mali in 2012 Ivory Coast has begun strengthening security at its northern borders in order to prevent any spill-over.
Nantawat Suankaeo (; born 8 December 1998) is a Thai footballer currently playing as a forward for Rayong in Thai League 1.
The Bulldogs played their home games at Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia, and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
The 2010 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 25–27 June at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham.
The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2 and 3 September 1985.
It is native to central and northern Europe where it grows on moist acidic soils, moorland, grassy heathland and the drier parts of marshes.
Each bilaterally symmetrical flower has a large, rounded, five-angled pinkish calyx, the four lobes being tipped with teeth, which can easily be observed before the flower has opened.
The five petals are fused into a tube, the upper lip is curved into a hood, having two teeth at the tip.
In the British Isles it occurs on damp acidic soils in Scotland, Ireland, Wales, northern and southwestern England, and in scattered locations elsewhere in England, at altitudes up to about .
The origin of the common name is that there was a belief in times past that cattle that ate this plant would acquire lice as a consequence.
Like other members of the genus, common lousewort is semi-parasitic, supplementing its own resources by connecting its roots to those of nearby plants and extracting water and nutrients for its own use.
Melissa Shelsie Dacius (born 24 May 1999) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a midfielder for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
She was named after Filipp Mazzei, an Italian physician and close friend of Thomas Jefferson, Mazzei acted as an agent to purchase arms for Virginia during the American Revolutionary War.
She was one of ten children of plumber or civil engineer, Thomas Patrick Cummins Waterfall Cottage, Richmond Road, and his wife Ellen Black.
She showed an aptitude for languages, particularly French, at a young age which led to her deciding to travel to improve her language skills.
Moving to Brussels, she taught English to the 12 children of a Belgian countess, and from 1939 she worked for the Canadian embassy as a translator.
O'Kelly was living in Brussels in May 1940 when it was invaded by the German army, and became involved in the resistance.
She was betrayed to the Gestapo after a number of months, and was arrested in her apartment during the night after her landlady gave them the key.
She was liberated on 25 April 1945, at which time she weighed only four stone and was suffering from decalcification of the spine among a number of ailments.
In 1946 while undergoing an assessment for compensation, she met Count Guy (Gui) O'Kelly de Galway, a barrister of Irish descent.
She saw her husband depart from Dublin Airport as he travelled to England on business in 1964, after this goodbye she never saw him again and his disappearance was never solved.
Reinaldo Marcus Green is an American director, producer and writer, best known for known for his 2018 film, Monsters and Men, which won the Special Jury Award for Outstanding First Feature at the Sundance Film Festival.
His next project is Good Joe Bell, produced by Jake Gyllenhaal and Cary Joji Fukunaga, and starring Mark Wahlberg, Connie Britton, and Maxwell Jenkins.
In June 2019, it was announced he would be directing a biopic entitled King Richard, about tennis coach and father of American tennis players Venus and Serena Williams, Richard Williams, starring Will Smith in the titular role.
In the German Wehrmacht before and during World War II, infantry divisions were raised as part of a given deployment wave () or just wave (), sometimes translated to English as draft.
The peacetime units were designated the first deployment wave, and a total of 34 other deployment waves followed up to and including the 35th wave in April 1945.
The specific model of mobilization of the Wehrmacht's active and reserve forces in the form of multiple waves was issued in the annual mobilization plan of 8 December 1938.
Initially, this system planned with four waves, which would later turn out to be the peacetime army (first deployment wave) as well as the three waves mobilized in anticipation of the Invasion of Poland (second, third, and fourth deployment waves).
In this initial plan, the first wave was to be the peacetime army, which consisted of the divisions with the ordinal numbers 1 to 50.
The second wave was to consist of reservists that had completed their compulsory training and was to be made up of divisions with ordinal numbers between 51 and 100.
The third wave, with ordinal numbers between 201 and 250, was to consist of reservists that mostly had less training than those of the second wave and would have to go through refresher training due to more advanced age (classes of 1901 to 1913).
The first wave was to be fully operational on the second day of mobilization, the second wave on the third day, the third wave on the sixth day, and the fourth wave on the seventh day.
Divisions of the first wave included the 1st through 36th Infantry Divisions, the 44th through 46th Infantry Divisions, and the 50th Infantry Division.
Divisions of the first wave were intended to be staffed by 518 officers, 102 bureaucrats, 2,573 NCOs and 13,667 soldiers for a total of 16,860 personnel.
The equipment included 3,681 pistols, 12,609 rifles, 535 machine guns, 26 infantry support guns, 75 anti-tank guns, 48 artillery guns, 530 krads, 394 cars, 536 trucks, and 5,375 horses.
Divisions of the second wave were smaller than divisions of the first wave by 1,000 to 2,000 men, if not more.
The required strength of a second wave division included 491 officers, 98 bureaucrats, 2,273 NCOs and 12,411 soldiers for a total of 15,273.
The equipment included 3,801 pistols, 10,828 rifles, 459 machine guns, 26 infantry support guns, 75 anti-tank guns, 48 artillery guns, 597 krads, 393 cars, 509 trucks, and 5,854 horses.
These were the 52nd Infantry Division, 56th through 58th Infantry Divisions, 60th through 62nd Infantry Divisions, 68th Infantry Division, 69th Infantry Division, 71st through 73rd Infantry Division, 75th Infantry Division, 76th Infantry Division, 78th Infantry Division, 79th Infantry Division, 86th Infantry Division, and 87th Infantry Division.
Divisions of the third wave were in practice numerically larger than divisions of the first wave, usually by some 600 men.
This difference was less than was intended: the required strength of a third wave division included 578 officers, 94 bureaucrats, 2,722 NCOs, and 14,507 soldiers for a total of 17,901 (compared to 16,860 for a first wave division).
The divisions of the third wave were armed with 4,640 pistols, 11,423 rifles, 709 machine guns, 26 infantry support guns, 75 anti-tank guns, 48 artillery guns, 425 krads.
As a result, the divisions of the third wave each had more men than any given division of the first wave, but their equipment values of krads, cars and trucks was actually reduced compared to those of a division of the first wave.
Divisions of the third wave, many of which were deployed under Army Group C in defensive roles against France between September of 1939 and summer of 1940, were deemed lacking by Army Group C's commander Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, who reported to Franz Halder on 3 October 1939 that third wave divisions were in his view only suitable for positional warfare under quiet conditions.
These were the 205th through 209th Infantry Division, 211th through 218th Infantry Division, 221st Infantry Division, 223rd Infantry Division, 225th Infantry Division, 227th Infantry Division, 228th Infantry Division, 231st Infantry Division, 239th Infantry Division, 246th Infantry Division and 311th Infantry Division.
Divisions of the fourth wave were smaller than divisions of the first wave by 1,000 to 2,000 men, if not more.
Nominally, the strength of divisions of the fourth wave was supposed to be 491 officers, 99 bureaucrats, 2,165 NCOs, and 12,264 soldiers, for a total of 15,019.
The divisions were equipped with 3,639 pistols, 10,807 rifles, 457 machine guns, 20 infantry support guns, 75 anti-tank guns, 48 artillery guns, 529 krads, 359 cars, 536 trucks, and 4,077 horses.
Von Leeb, commander of Army Group C, reported to Halder on 3 October 1939 that fourth wave divisions were in his view only suitable for positional warfare if they were to receive additional training in defensive combat.
These were the 251st through 258th Infantry Divisions, the 260th Infantry Division, the 262nd Infantry Division, the 263rd Infantry Division, and the 267th through 269th Infantry Divisions.
Raised during September 1939, the units of the fifth wave had their infantry regiments' 13th companies' armaments replaced by grenade launchers rather than infantry guns, and their 14th companies were armed with horsedrawn anti-tank guns.
Unlike the first four waves, which were all armed with German-produced material, the weapons of the fifth wave units were taken from the stashes of Czechoslovakia, which Germany had annexed between 1938 and 1939.
The units of the seventh wave were the 161st through 170th Infantry Divisions, the 181st Infantry Division, the 183rd Infantry Division, and the 196th through 199th Infantry Divisions.
The divisions of the ninth wave were the 351st Infantry Division, 358th Infantry Division, 365th Infantry Division, 372nd Infantry Division, 379th Infantry Division, 386th Infantry Division, 393rd Infantry Division, 395th Infantry Division, and the 399th Infantry Division.
The divisions of the tenth wave were the 270th through 273rd Infantry Divisions as well as the 276th through 280th Infantry Divisions.
The divisions of the eleventh wave were the 121st through 123rd Infantry Divisions, 125th Infantry Division, 126th Infantry Division, 129th Infantry Division, 131st Infantry Division, 132nd Infantry Division, 134th Infantry Division and 137th Infantry Division.
The divisions of the twelfth wave were the 97th Infantry Division, 99th through 102nd Infantry Division, 106th Infantry Division, and 110th through 112th Infantry Divisions.
The divisions of the 13th wave were the 302nd Infantry Division, 304th through 306th Infantry Divisions, 319th through 321st Infantry Divisions, 323rd Infantry Division and 327th Infantry Division.
The divisions of the 14th wave were the 332nd Infantry Division, 333rd Infantry Division, 335th through 337th Infantry Divisions, 339th Infantry Division, 340th Infantry Division, and 342 Infantry Division.
The divisions of the 15th wave were the 702nd Infantry Division, 704th Infantry Division, and the 707th through 719th Infantry Divisions.
The divisions of the 19th wave were the 370th Infantry Division, 371st Infantry Division, 376th Infantry Division and 377th Infantry Division.
The divisions of the 21st wave were the 349th Infantry Division, 352nd Infantry Division, 353rd Infantry Division, 357th Infantry Division, 359th Infantry Division, 361st Infantry Division, 362nd Infantry Division and 367th Infantry Division.
The divisions of the 22nd wave were the 271st Infantry Division, 272nd Infantry Division, and the 275th through 278th Infantry Divisions.
The divisions of the 23rd wave were the 388th Security Division, 390th Security Division, 391st Security Division, and 52nd Field Training Division.
The divisions of the 25th wave were the 77th Infantry Division, 84th Infantry Division, 89th Infantry Division, 91st Infantry Division, and 92nd Infantry Division.
The divisions of the 27th wave were the 59th Infantry Division, 64th Infantry Division, 226th Infantry Division, 232nd Infantry Division, and 237th Infantry Division.
The divisions of the 29th wave were the 541st through 553rd Volksgrenadier Divisions, 558th Volksgrenadier Division, 559th Volksgrenadier Division, 561st Volksgrenadier Division, and 562nd Volksgrenadier Division.
The divisions of the 30th wave were the 12th Infantry Division, 16th Infantry Division, 19th Infantry Division, 36th Infantry Division (all previously part of 1st wave), as well as the 560th Infantry Division and the 563rd Grenadier Division.
The conscripts were initially organized into Volksgrenadier Divisions, but these were usually then absorbed by other units to replenish the fighting strength of weakened divisions.
The divisions of the 33rd wave were the 48th Infantry Division, 85th Infantry Division (previously 25th wave), 189th Infantry Division, 245th Infantry Division, 246th Infantry Division (previously 3rd wave), 275th Infantry Division (previously 22nd wave), 361st Infantry Division (previously 21st wave), 553rd Volksgrenadier Division, 708th Volksgrenadier Division, and 716th Infantry Division (previously 15th wave).
The Burkina Faso–Togo border is 131 km (81 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Ghana in the west to the tripoint with Benin in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Ghana, and continues in a straight line orientated to the south-east.
A short section then runs southwards along the Sansargou river, before a straight line veers to the north-east up to the 11th parallel north; the border then runs in a straight line immediately north of this parallel eastwards, terminating at the Beninese tripoint.
The 1880s saw an intense competition for territory in Africa by the European powers, a process known as the 'Scramble for Africa'.
Germany began taking an interest in acquiring African colonies in this period, signing treaties with chiefs along the coast of modern Togo in July 1884.
As a result of the Scramble France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
In the First World War German Togoland was conquered by the Allied powers and then split into British and French mandates along a dividing line agreed upon on 10 July 1919.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
Eventually, in 1960, both French Togoland and Upper Volta gained independence (British Togoland having been absorbed into Ghana), and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.
At present third party governments generally discourage travel to the border region due to the poor security situation in Burkina Faso.
Falk is famously the first of three women to be appointed as a high court judge directly from a private practice..
Falk studied law at Cambridge University, she would take her degree to Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer qualifying in 1986working in corporate tax.
He joined Aurorus (Hearts of Oak Junior) in 2010, where he later joined the senior team Hearts of Oak in 2012.
Mariusz Sordyl (born 27 November 1969) is a former Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team in 1989–1995 and a head coach of the Turkish club Fenerbahçe.
At 2:10 p.m. local time (UTC-5) on 28 January 2020, an earthquake of 7.7 struck on the north side of the Cayman Trough, north of Jamaica and west of the southern tip of Cuba, with the epicenter being 83 miles north of Montego Bay.
Schools in Jamaica and buildings in Miami were evacuated after shaking was observed in parts of the U.S. state of Florida.
At 2:10 p.m. local time (UTC-5) on 28 January 2020 a strike-slip event occurred 125 kilometers (77.7 miles) NNW of Lucea, Jamaica, on the plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate at a depth of 10 kilometers (6.2 miles).
Tremors were felt throughout southern Florida and several buildings were evacuated, particularly in Miami-Dade County (450 miles away) and the Florida Keys.
Several government buildings in Downtown Miami were evacuated, initially on a volunteer basis until a full evacuation was ordered by the local fire department.
A prasat (, from Sanskrit: ), or more accurately, kudakhan (, from Pali/Sanskrit: ) or rueanyot (), is a Thai architectural form reserved for royal palaces of the monarch or for sacred religious structures.
Founded in 2014 as the Noor Pharmacy Training Centre, the institute was certified as a degree-granting institution in 2016 and subsequently rebranded as Heritage College.
The 2019 Northeast Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Northeast Conference held on November 8 and 10, 2019.
The three-match tournament took place at Central Connecticut Soccer Field in New Britain, Connecticut, home of the regular season champions and tournament #1 seed Central Connecticut State Blue Devils.
The defending champions were the Central Connecticut State Blue Devils who successfully defended their title, defeating the Fairleigh Dickinson Knights 1–0 in the final.
This was the tenth Northeast Conference tournament title for the Central Connecticut women's soccer program, eight of which have come under the direction of head coach Mick D'Arcy.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 78, based on 5 reviews.
Kethna Louis (born 5 August 1996) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a centre back for French Division 2 Féminine club Le Havre AC and the Haiti women's national team.
Mossay and Co. was a company set up by Paul Mossay in 1913 as a consultancy for the development of electric vehicles and other devices.
The facility was commissioned in 1924: it was available to patients from 1926 but not officially opened by Princess Mary until 23 August 1929.
During the 1930s a significant amount of its funding came from Henry Briggs, Son and Co., a local coal mining business.
It is near to Lakdi Ka Pul MMTS, Ravindra Bharati, HP Petrol pump, Telephone Bhavan, Collector's Office, CID Office and Global Hospitals.
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access.
Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.
Herbert Fuller Wernham (1879 - 1941) was a British botanist, who from 1909 to 1929 worked at the British Museum, as an assistant in the Botany department.
In an interview with Le Monde, Bajrami reflected that this was the first role in which she felt creative control and was able to become immersed in, after reading the book and meeting with the mother of Marion Fraisse.
She played the role of Apolline, the ringleader of a group of six intellectually gifted students facing off against their substitute teacher (played by Laurent Lafitte) in Sébastien Marnier's 2019 film School's Out, adapted from the eponymous novel by Christophe Dufossé.
In August 2016, it was announced that the Manchester Mystics were to relocate to the NPBC ahead of the 2016-17 WBBL season.
On December 26, 2019, an Airbus AS350 B2 helicopter operated by Safari Helicopters, Inc. collided with a ridge and came to rest at an elevation of in Kōkeʻe State Park, approximately northwest of Lihue, Hawaii.
The aircraft involved in the incident was a Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil, which had been previously involved in an accident on February 1, 2001.
In the 2001 accident, the helicopter impacted terrain and rolled over; the pilot, who was the sole occupant, received minor injuries.
Proper operation is verified by moving the cyclic two to three times along each axis separately to 10% of total travel.
After the pilot verified hydraulic accumulator operation, the aircraft became airborne in a nose-low attitude; the pilot had his left hand on the cyclic and his right hand was operating the hydraulic test pushbutton.
He rearranged his grip to hold the collective in his left hand and the cyclic in his right; after pulling back on the cyclic, intending to complete the takeoff and gain airspeed, the helicopter instead entered an oscillation, pulling back and to the right with nose high, then low again.
It struck the ground tail-first on the right side, coming to rest on its right side after the main rotor disintegrated.
The subsequent National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation determined the collective lock was not effective and caused the helicopter to unexpectedly take off, exacerbated by the hands-off position forced by the hydraulic test sequence.
Safari Helicopters was founded in 1987, and the pilot of the flight, Paul Matero, was its chief pilot and had 12 years of experience with Safari.
The flight originated from Lihue Airport (FAA LID: LIH) at approximately 1631 HST on December 26, 2019; it was scheduled to last 50 minutes and was the pilot's eighth and final flight of the day.
After the helicopter failed to return to Lihue, it was reported missing at 1731 and a search for the helicopter began.
Based on the position and damage, the aircraft had collided with a north-facing ridge at an elevation of above mean sea level (msl), then slid and came to rest at an approximate elevation of above msl.
A hiker that was approximately away along the Nualolo Trail reported hearing a hovering helicopter, then a high-pitched whine; he described visibility as poor, with rain and fog predominant.
Based on the experience of child survivors of the Holocaust, it follows the children and staff of a camp in Troutbeck Bridge, near Lake Windermere, England, where the survivors were helped to rehabilitate, rebuild their lives, and integrate into the British society.
In total athletes representing Hong Kong won one bronze medal and the country finished in 31st place in the medal table.
In total athletes representing Dominican Republic won one bronze medal and the country finished in 31st place in the medal table.
Trautman grew up in Williamsburg, Michigan and attended Elk Rapids High School, where he played basketball and football and was an All-County selection in both sports.
Trautman set every major school passing record and was named the Lake Michigan Conference Player of the Year as a senior.
He had 43 receptions for 537 yards and five touchdowns and was named second team All-Pioneer Football League in his sophomore season.
As a junior, Trautman led the team with 41 receptions, 604 yards and nine touchdowns and was again named second team All-PFL.
He was named the PFL Offensive Player of the Year and first team All-PFL after catching 70 passes for 916 yards and 14 touchdowns.
This is a list of notable accidents and incidents involving military aircraft grouped by the year in which the accident or incident occurred.
For more exhaustive lists, see the Aircraft Crash Record Office, the Air Safety Network or the Dutch Scramble Website Brush and Dustpan Database.
The Finnish ice hockey champions is a title awarded annually to the winning team of the top-tier ice hockey league in Finland, which currently is Liiga since 2013.
The championship's present format did not take into effect until the league was originally formed for the 1975–76 season under the name of SM-liiga (preceded by SM-sarja).
Those three stories arose out of rage and fear at the institutionalised cruelty and stupidity of national governments-abroad and at home.
It is hard for a story to come close to the terrible reality of government-directed punishment of dissent and government-directed torture.
After graduating from the University of Louisiana at Monroe, Cathey joined the U.S. Army in 2003, where he served as a commissioned officer and army engineer.
Cathey ran again for the State Senate in 2019, this time in the neighboring 33rd district, and defeated Republican former West Monroe Chamber of Commerce chairman Wade Bishop with 52% of the vote.
The women's 3000 metres event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 3 September 1985.
The daughter of Tony and Marine Moore, while her father died when she was young, she has a close relationship with her mother.
She began performing in school plays, but later pursued her career in music, performing in a number of R&B and soul bands before a solo career.
The Burkina Faso–Ghana border is 602 km (374 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Ivory Coast in the west to the tripoint with Togo in the east.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Ivory Coast on the Black Volta river; the border continues north along this river up to the 11th parallel north.
The border then turns east, following this parallel until it reaches the Red Volta (though note that the border is not entirely straight in this sector, as at several points the boundary jogs north or south).
The border follows the Red Volta briefly to the south-east, before turning to the north-east via a series of irregular overland lines.
It then reaches the White Volta, following this river briefly, and then the Nouhao, before it turns to the south-east in a straight line down to the Togolese tripoint.
Europeans had begun exploring the coast of Ghana (then referred to as the Gold Coast) from the 15th century, and it became the centre of a various trading networks, notably in gold and slaves; Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal and the Netherlands all had trading posts here at one point.
Britain also took an interest in the region, and during the 19th century became the predominant regional power, taking over all the rival trading posts and declaring the Gold Coast colony in 1867.
The British gradually extended their rule into the interior, against often determined resistance by native kingdoms such as the Asante; the northern region of what is now Ghana was annexed to the Gold Coast colony in 1901.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa.
The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward.
As a result of this France had gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).
During the period 1932-47 the internal arrangements of French West Africa were altered: Upper Volta was abolished and its territory split out between French Sudan, Niger and Ivory Coast; as a result during this period the Ghana-Upper Volta was thereby abolished, becoming a continuance of the Ghana–Ivory Coast border.
The Gold Coast gained full independence from Britain (as Ghana) in 1957; France granted Upper Volta independence in 1960, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two sovereign states.
He pioneered the research of Tiandihui and other secret societies using Qing dynasty archives and overturned the findings of earlier Republican-era scholars.
He also studied the links between the Warlord Era and banditry during the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China.
Cai was born on 14 August 1933 in Hexing Township, Changshu (now part of Zhangjiagang) in Jiangsu province of the Republic of China.
He entered the Department of History of Peking University in 1956, and upon graduation in 1960, he became a teaching assistant to historian Shao Xunzheng (邵循正) while continuing his graduate studies at Peking University.
Using his research on Qing dynasty archives housed in Beijing, a previously neglected source for the topic, Cai advanced a vastly different interpretation of the origins of the Tiandihui (Heaven and Earth Society) and the importance of secret societies in Chinese history.
His work is considered to have opened a new chapter of scholarship in the field, but further research was hampered by the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).
After the end of the period, Cai and his former student Qin Baoqi emerged as leaders in the field in China.
They concluded that the Tiandihui was founded in 1761 and not in the early Qing dynasty, and that the roots of the Tiandihui and other secret societies lay in mutual aid and not national politics as previously thought.
Together with Philip Billingsley, Cai pioneered research on the links between the Warlord Era and banditry during the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China.
Rejecting the simplistic view that attributed the chaos of era to the moral bankruptcy of the warlords, they studied how population growth, government breakdown, military buildup and other factors contributed to banditry.
Deserters from armies turned to banditry to make a living, and banditry in turn fuelled militarization as regional elites created militias to protect their localities.
During World War II and the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany (1939-1945), Poles were subjected to terror and mass German repression.
An incomplete list drawn up after World War II estimates the number of 299 such Polish villages destroyed by German occupiers, e.g.
The largest pacification operation took place between November 1942 and August 1943 in the region of Zamość in Poland, which was selected by the Germans for the area intended for German colonization as part of the Generalplan Ost plan.
Pacification and expulsion of Poles in the Lublin region were under the leadership of the SS commander and police in the Lublin District, SS-Brigadeführer Odilo Globocnik.
The second phase of the operation lasted from mid-January to the end of March 1943 and covered mainly the areas of the Hrubieszów poviat.
The terror of the German occupiers met with passive resistance of the displaced population and the armed reaction of the Polish resistance movement.
Guerrilla units of the Peasant Battalions, the Home Army and the People's Guard attempted to stop the crimes and pacification and displacement activities, attacked German economic and communication facilities, as well as retaliated against the Germans and their colonists occupying Polish villages.
The resistance posed by the Polish guerilla in connection with the difficult situation of German troops on the Eastern Front (World War II) forced the occupiers to temporarily stop displacement.
According to witnesses, shortly before the massacre, Gestapo agents appeared in the village, claiming to be partisans, examining the attitude of the population to the Polish resistance.
Extermination in Sochy was one of the many pacifications that the Germans carried out in the Zamość region and in Poland.
When the inhabitants saw the Germans, they began to take their belongings out of their homes because they expected that displacement action would start soon.
Then came from 7 to 10 Luftwaffe aircraft, which bombed and fired at machine guns both the village and nearby fields, where the inhabitants who hid the first phase of the massacre were hiding.
It was the first case in occupied Poland of the use of military aviation by the German occupiers during the pacification of the entire village.
During the pacification, the German Luftwaffe also bombarded Polish villages: Sochy, Lublin Voivodeship, Momoty Dolne, Momoty Górne, Pawłów, Chełm County, Tokary, Lublin Voivodeship, and Klew.
According to Czesław Madajczyk, 106 men, 53 women and 24 children were among the victims, other sources say that 108 men and 54 women or 103 women and children were murdered.
In retaliation for the massacre and pacification of Sochy, partisan units of the Polish Underground State of the Home Army commanded by Adam Piotrowski, pseud.
In the village of Sochy there is a cemetery with mass graves of victims of the massacre carried out by the German Nazi occupiers.
A monument was also built to commemorate the victims, among whom there were about 45 children murdered, women about 52, men about 88.
There is also a board near the cemetery informing about the pacification and extermination of the inhabitants of the village of Sochy by German invaders, in three languages: Polish, German and English.
The work of the poet Teresa Ferenc, who, as a nine-year-old child, survived the pacification of Sochy and lost both her parents in it, refers to the massacre in Sochy and World War II.
Although he impressed Professor Thomas Africa with his performance in Roman history classes, Drake initially decided to seek a career in journalism after graduation and worked as a reported for United Press International.
While conducting research at the American Academy in Rome, Drake accepted an instructor position at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1970, where he joined Frank J.
Through the course of his long career at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Drake was noted for his teaching and mentoring skills.
Drake was awarded the Harold J. Plous Award for outstanding Assistant Professor in the 1976-1977 Academic Year by the Faculty Executive Committee of the College of Letters and Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
In 2006, he was awarded the outstanding Graduate Mentorship Award by the Academic Senate of the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Drake continues an active scholarly agenda in the study of the later Roman Empire, especially focusing on Constantine and Church-State Relations in the fourth century CE.
He was awarded a Membership of the faculty for Historical Studies at the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton University for 1976-1977.
He was awarded a fellowship from the Annenberg Research Institute in 1991 to support his research on Intolerance in the Roman Empire.
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2 and 3 September 1985.
Intended for the Unitarian ministry, Wood entered the University of Glasgow in 1806, but left without taking a degree in 1808, and went into business in Liverpool.
He then embarked on a legal career, entering the Inner Temple in 1820, and was called to the bar in 1825, practising as a barrister on the northern circuit.
Standing for election as a Whig in Preston in 1826, Wood was elected alongside Edward Smith-Stanley (the future Earl of Derby and three-time Prime Minister), defeating the Radical William Cobbett and the anti-Catholic candidate Robert Smith Barrie.
As a dissenter, he supported religious liberty, advocating repeal of the Test Acts in 1827 and 1828, and supporting Catholic emancipation, which passed as the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829.
In the 1830 Wood and Smith-Stanley overcame a challenge by the Radical Henry Hunt, but in the by-election following Smith-Stanley's appointment as Chief Secretary for Ireland (in which only Smith-Stanley's seat, not Wood's, was contested), Hunt defeated Smith-Stanley.
He served as Recorder of York 1832–1833, Chairman of the Board of Stamps and Taxes 1833–1838, Chairman of the Board of Revenue 1838–1849, and Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue from 1849 until his death.
He was active in the management of University College London, where he was a member of the council from 1835, and chaired the management committee 1845–1856.
The 1972 Golden Gate Pacific Coast Classic, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Golden Gate Fields in Albany, California in the United States.
The 2020 Louisville City FC season is the club's sixth season in Louisville, Kentucky playing in the United Soccer League Championship, which as of 2020 is the second-tier league in the United States soccer league system.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Louisville City's season.
The Bulldogs play their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana, and compete in the West Division of Conference USA (C-USA).
His father Vinod Ankolekar, an employee at the electricity department of BEST and Kanga League cricketer, wanted him to become a professional cricketer and placed a cricket bat near his crib on the day of his birth.
After being initially coached by his father, Ankolekar was trained for one season at Chandrakant Pandit's academy but later had to switch to MIG Cricket Club due to financial constraints.
Ankolekar's family struggled to make ends meet after his father's death, even as Ankolekar's mother Vaidehi Ankolekar's worked part-time as a private tutor.
Ankolekar made steady progress through Mumbai's age-group teams, before being selected for India B in the Under-19 Challenger Trophy and Mumbai under-23 squad in 2019.
He picked 12 wickets in the tournament, including a match-winning 5/28 in the final against Bangladesh, to finish as the highest wicket-taker.
In the aftermath of the Asia Cup victory, Ankolekar gained selection in the Mumbai senior team for the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy.
After sitting out of India's first two matches in the tournament, Ankolekar's spell of 3/28 in the final group stage match against New Zealand drew praise.
Batting at number 7 in the quarterfinal against Australia, he scored 55 runs off 54 balls to help India post 233/9 and eventually win the match.
Ankolekar initially played as a lower-order batsman, and started bowling left-arm orthodox spin on a regular basis at the insistence of his coach.
The shire was amalgamated with Tarro Shire and part of Kearsley Shire to form Lower Hunter Shire on 6 July 1944.
There was nothing in Roman law which suggested that a woman could not be engaged as a legal representative in court, although this appears to have been uncommon.
The city council donated land in the St. Pauli suburb, and building costs were entirely funded by Salomon Heine, a local Jewish banker.
He made two stipulations regarding his 80,000 Mark donation: The hospital should be named for his late wife Betty, who died in 1837; and a Personal lectern should be designated for him in the in-house synagogue.
The 2019–20 Liga IV Brașov is the 52nd season of the Liga IV Brașov, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It connects the communities of Fox Harbour and Ship Harbour with the town of Dunville and Route 100 (Cape Shore Highway).
Between Dunville and Fox Harbour, the road is known as Fox Harbour Road, and between Fox Harbour and Ship Harbour, it is known as Ship Harbour Road.
Route 102 begins at an intersection with Route 100 in downtown Dunville and heads north through neighborhoods before leaving town and winding its through wooded areas, where it passes by the site of Villa Marie.
Route 102 now passes along the water’s edge as it passes through Ship Harbour, where the road dead ends in a neighborhood.
School's Out () is a 2018 French social drama thriller directed by Sébastien Marnier who co-wrote the script with Elise Griffon, based on Christophe Dufossé's 2002 novel of the same name.
Substitute French teacher, Pierre Hoffman finds himself in charge of teaching an experimental class of twelve gifted students at the renowned Saint Joseph College.
The class had witnessed their previous French teacher commit suicide by jumping out of the window, and Pierre is treated with hostility and distrust by the class.
The class hall monitors, Apolline and Dimitri, are ringleaders of separate subgroups in the class, and Apolline soon pits herself against Hoffman.
In 2017 it was announced that Sébastien Marnier, who had previously directed the 2016 thriller Irréprochable, would helm the project and that Laurent Lafitte and Emmanuelle Bercot had joined the cast.
The film's cinematrography, score, and acting were praised for heightening suspense, while the direction and story were criticized for falling flat in places.
EJ Oakley of The Panoptic gave it 4 out of 5 stars, and praised the performances of Lafitte and Bajrami, while noting that the film did not satisfactorily tie up all of its loose ends and subplots.
The Ghana–Ivory Coast border is 720 km (447 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Burkina Faso on the Black Volta river, following this river southwards.
The border then follows a broad arc, composed predominately of overland lines as well as some streams, before reaching the Tano River.
The border then follows the Tano as it flows to the south-west into Aby Lagoon; it then runs along the southern shore of the adjoining Lake Tendo, before veering southwards overland down to the Atlantic coast.
Europeans had begun exploring the coast of Ghana (then referred to as the Gold Coast) from the 15th century, and it became the centre of a various trading networks, notably in gold and slaves; Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal and the Netherlands all had trading posts here.
Britain also took an interest in the region, and during the 19th century became the predominant regional power, taking over all the rival trading posts and declaring the Gold Coast colony in 1867.
The British gradually extended their rule into the interior, against often determined resistance by native kingdoms such as the Asante; the northern region of what is now Ghana was annexed to the Gold Coast colony in 1901.
France had begun signing treaties with chiefs along the modern Ivorian coast in the 1840s, thereby establishing a protectorate which later became the colony of Ivory Coast in 1893.
Britain and France delimited a border between the two territories on 10 August 1889 as far north as the 9th parallel north.
A further treaty of 26 June 1891 confirmed this border, and also stated that the Black Volta would form the border in the far north.
The border was then demarcated in much greater detail in an agreement of 1st February 1903, with beacons and pillars demarcating the border on the ground; the two governments then formally approved this border in May 1905.
The Gold Coast gained full independence from Britain (as Ghana) in 1957; France granted Ivory Coast independence in 1960, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two sovereign states.
The Championship was 'unofficial' as the Scottish Rugby Union held that the sport should remain amateur and at the time did not sanction competitive games between the clubs.
Numerous forms of football were played in Scotland in the years prior to the introduction of the Rugby rules which were adopted for the boys of Edinburgh Academy in the early 1850s.
The game spread and by the end of the 1860s the Academicals opponents included Edinburgh University, St Andrews University, the Merchistonians, Royal HSFP, West of Scotland FC, Glasgow Academicals, Edinburgh Wanderers and Glasgow University.
As inter club games became more commonplace in the mid-1860s the club with the most successful record in club matches was recognised as the Scottish club champion on an unofficial basis.
The championship was always awarded on the basis of the results between the teams in the championship table only which meant that games against clubs from England or further afield were not counted.
Up until 1939 the honour was awarded to the club with the fewest defeats, which led to several seasons where the championship was shared.
The Academicals retained the championship in 1870–71 as a result of having the best record amongst the Scottish clubs despite the loss of two matches.
Glasgow Academicals won the inaugural fixture with the Edinburgh Academicals in 1871–72, and, by remaining undefeated in their other fixtures wrested the championship from Edinburgh for the first time.
Edinburgh District was represented by Edinburgh Academicals, Royal HSFP, Edinburgh Institution FP, Watsonians, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh Wanderers, Stewarts FP & Heriots FP.
The Glasgow District clubs were Glasgow Academicals, Clydesdale, Greenock Wanderers, West of Scotland, Kelvinside Academicals, Glasgow HSFP and Glasgow University whilst the Border representatives were Hawick, Gala, Jed-Forest Melrose, Selkirk, Kelso and Langholm.
Hillhead HSFP joined the championship in 1913–14 which was to be the last championship season for Clydesdale who were unable to continue after the first world war.
The 1930s saw St Andrew's University added to the championship in 1936–37, Edinburgh Institution FP renamed as Melville College FP, following the school's relocation in 1937–38, and in 1938–39 Hutcheson's GSFP and Allan Glen's FP ascended to the championship with Allan Glen's heading the table in their first season.
The post war years saw Kelvinside and West of Scotland combine until 1950–51 whilst Musselburgh and Aberdeen GSFP were newcomers to the championship.
By the middle of the decade Boroughmuir FP had joined the table with Trinity Academicals, Jordanhill and Ayr following in the 1960s.
By 1972–73, the final season prior to the introduction of league rugby, Leith Academicals, Broughton FP and Perthshire were recognised as championship clubs.
The SRU committee in 1973 decided that the structure of the club game needed changing; and introduced a competitive six league structure for its clubs.
Michael Paul Speidel (born May 25, 1937) is a German-born American military historian and archaeologist who specializes in the study of the Roman army and ancient warfare.
He has since been promoted to Full Professor at the University, where he teaches the history of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, the ancient Near East, the Spanish Empire, the Portuguese Empire, and world cultures.
Speidel specializes in the study of the Roman army, particularly its epigraphy, on which he has written a number of books.
This article list all the confirmed broadcasters for the UEFA Europa Conference League with each broadcaster holding three season broadcasting rights.
Amadu Seidu (born March 9,1954) is a Ghanaian member of parliament for Yapei-Kusawgu constituency in the Northern Region under the ticket of the National Democratic Congress.
He polled 149 votes to beat two other contestants, Salifu Yaquob Wilson and John Adams who polled 66 and 25 votes respectively at a constituency delegates' congress at Yapei.
Puozaa Mathias Asuma is a Ghanaian politician and member of the 6th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana representing Daffiama/Bussie/Issa constituency of Upper West Region of Ghana.
He started his career as a lecturer at the prestigious University of Ghana Legon, Accra and was first elected into office in 2005 and kept his seat up to date.
Émeline Charles (born 27 October 1999) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a centre back for Canadian club AS Blainville and the Haiti women's national team.
She won Bangla Academy Literary Award (2019) and Anannya Literature Award (2019) for her contribution in the field of books about science.
Valmir Veliu (born 4 June 2000) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as a winger for Kosovan club Llapi and the Kosovo national team.
On 18 June 2018, Veliu signed his first professional contract with Football Superleague of Kosovo side Llapi after agreeing to a three-year deal.
On 29 September 2018, he made his debut in a 2–0 home win against KEK after coming on as a substitute of Festim Alidema.
On 24 December 2019, Veliu received a call-up from Kosovo for the friendly match against Sweden and made his debut after coming on as a substitute at 46th minute in place of Herolind Shala.
In total athletes representing Puerto Rico won one silver medal and the country finished in 23rd place in the medal table.
In total athletes representing Chinese Taipei won one silver medal and the country finished in 23rd place in the medal table.
The Ghana–Togo border is 1,098 km (682 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the south.
The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Burkina Faso; it then veers eastwards, almost re-touching the Burkinabe border and thereby creating a piece of Togolese territory almost cut off by only 0.14 km (0.1 m) from the main body of the country.
The border follows this river for a while, before veering south-eastwards, utilising overland lines and some small rivers, eventually reaching the Oti River.
The border then follows the Oti southwards, then veers eastwards along one of its branches, before turning south overland down to the Mo River.
After a brief section on the Mo the border then continues to the south, using various overland segments and some small rivers, before eventually terminating at the Atlantic coast just west of Togo's capital Lomé.
Europeans had begun exploring the coast of Ghana (then referred to as the Gold Coast) from the 15th century, and it became the centre of a various trading networks, notably in gold and slaves; Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal and the Netherlands all had trading posts here.
Britain also took an interest in the region, and during the 19th century became the predominant regional power, taking over all the rival trading posts and declaring the Gold Coast colony in 1867.
The British gradually extended their rule into the interior, against often determined resistance by native kingdoms such as the Asante; the northern region of what is now Ghana was annexed to the Gold Coast colony in 1901.
The 1880s saw an intense competition for territory in Africa by the European powers, a process known as the 'Scramble for Africa'.
Germany began taking an interest in acquiring colonies, signing treaties with chiefs along the coast of modern Togo in July 1884.
An initial border in the southern-most section west of Lomé was agreed upon by Britain and Germany on 14 July 1886.
The full boundary was then delimited in late 1901, and then demarcated on the ground 1901-02; this final boundary was approved on 25 June 1904.
In the First World War German Togoland was conquered by the Allies and then split into British and French mandates along a mandate lines agreed upon on 10 July 1919.
By plebiscite, British Togoland was incorporated into the Gold Coast colony in 1956, which gained independence as Ghana the following year.
France had also initiated a process of decolonisation at this time, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each African colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.
The Union of Tramway and Municipal Transport Workers (, BCTBAP; , CBPT) was a trade union representing public sector transport workers in Belgium.
Crew members often appear dressed only in designer underwear, and features as human props, and in sketches, mini-, and maxi-challenges to aid the drag queen contestants.
In late 2019, when the Brit Crew casting call went out, and later when the series aired, fans and media outlets noted that while the original series involved stereotypically handsome men, the British counterpart was more diverse, allowed tattoos, and did not have such a strict height requirement of six feet or taller.
Angeline Gustave (born 30 January 2001) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a midfielder for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
Kwei Quartey has published a number fictional books over the years, he is also a member of the Los Angeles branch of the Sisters in Crime, a fiction writers’ organization.
The women's high jump event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe with the final on 3 September 1985.
Another one of his paintings was offered to French Minister of the Interior, Claude Guéant, by an Ivorian President, and is a source of controversy due to the fact that the painting was not returned at the end of French colonialism in the country.
Georgina Nkrumah Aboah (born 2 June 1959) is a member of the Parliament of Ghana, representing for Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa in the Central region.
Ruthny Mathurin (born 14 January 2001) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a left back for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
It is a climbing shrub, having very long slender, spiked inflorescences with very small pentamerous flowers with short thick club-shaped (clavate) styles.
Wernham reports the specimen he was describing as having been found in Tenom beside a railway track in a marshy section of the forest at an altitude of .
Ama is a product of the University of Ghana, Legon where she holds a Bachelor of Arts degree and holds Master's in Business Administration from the Paris Graduate School of Management in France.
It was founded on September 2, 1890, in Des Moines, Iowa at the State Library in the Iowa State Capitol, by Ada North, Librarian at the State University of Iowa in Iowa City; State Librarian Mary Miller, T.S.
Parvin of the Iowa Masonic Library, Clara M. Smith of the Burlington Public Library, and Clara C. Dwight of the Dubuque Y.M.
Dougenie Tabita Kerbie Joseph (born 13 September 2003), better known as Tabita Joseph, is a Haitian footballer who plays as a defender for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
The Bikélé are an ethnic group living mainly in the south-west of Cameroon, in the department of Haut-Nyong, sub-division of Messamena.
Karen B. Johnson (May 12, 1942 – June 10, 2019) was an American politician and activist who served as the Mayor of Schenectady, New York, from 1983 to 1991.
Johnson became the first woman to be elected to the Schenectady City Council in 1975 and the first female Mayor of Schenectady in 1983.
The Juno Awards of 2021, honouring Canadian music achievements, will be presented in Toronto, Ontario during the weekend of 27–28 March 2021, observing the 50th anniversary of these awards.
The Aberdeen River is a tributary of the rivière aux Castors Noirs, flowing in the town of La Tuque and in the municipality of Lac-Édouard, in Haute-Batiscanie, in Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Aberdeen River (except rapids) is generally frozen from early December to late March, but safe circulation on the ice is generally from late December to early March.
This confluence is located northeast of the Canadian National railway, northwest of Lac des Trois Caribous, and east of the village center of Lac-Édouard.
Aberdeen is the third largest city in Scotland, located in the north-east of Great Britain, on the banks of the North Sea.
30 January is the anniversary of the landmark 2012 London Declaration on NTDs, which unified partners across sectors, countries and disease communities to push for greater investment and action on NTDs.
2020 is a special year for the global health response to NTDs WHO is expected to launch new goals during the year to guide progress against NTDs until 2030.
Reem Al Hashimi announced the event on behalf of the government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on November 19, 2019 at the Reach the Last Mile Forum.
The description of the transformations of the social and physical landscape hints at the social malaise by focusing on the human pain and hardship that are commonplace around the city.
The patriotic celebrations were led by a committee of several eminent men of letters associated with the journalistic field, and were in line with Comte's prevalent positivist ideological trends of the time: they were to serve as a civic and patriotic movement that could wake the Portuguese public spirit and make the people understand modern social ideals.
Cesário Verde opted not to adopt the deliberate intention of defending a political cause with the obvious moral judgements and convictions of an ideal future that were found in other contemporary poems: the personal reflection on isolated fragments of human existence, the sad decadent reality of the state of Portuguese society, was not in keeping the nationalist exaltation and political propaganda produced by his peers.
Verde's Parnassian lyric would only be embraced and popularised many years following his death in 1886 at the age of 31, by Portuguese Modernists such as Mário de Sá-Carneiro and Fernando Pessoa (whose heteronyms Álvaro de Campos, Alberto Caeiro and Bernardo Soares praise Verde).
The men's decathlon event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 2 and 3 September 1985.
The Salisbury cutlery industry was active in the city of Salisbury, England from late Medieval times until the start of the 20th century.
While production was not on the scale of the Sheffield cutlery industry, the Salisbury cutlers were noted for the quality of their products.
A reason given for success of the industry was the fineness of the steel produced, resulting from the quality of the local water, which came from the surrounding chalk downland.
The Salisbury Museum has a collection of Salisbury-made cutlery and a scrapbook of trade-cards that were collected by the Salisbury cutlers, James and Thomas Goddard, who were cutlers to George III.
Late 18th-century directories list six cutlers in Salisbury, and in 1790 it was said that the city was noted for the manufacture of scissors.
George III and the Duchess of Kent are said to have patronised members of the Botly family, cutlers of the Market Place.
James Macklin, a working cutler who was Mayor of Salisbury at the outbreak of the First World War, was knighted for his work for the war effort.
He was Jiul Petroșani's captain ten years from 1965 until 1975, a period in which the club played two Cupa României finals, winning one.
In 2019, at 100 years since Jiul Petroșani was founded, the authorities decided to change the name of the local stadium from Jiul to Petre Libardi in his honor.
Petre Libardi played two games at international level for Romania, making his debut in a 1–1 friendly against Uruguay, which took place in Montevideo on Estadio Gran Parque Central.
He is best known for his theoretical and experimental contributions to the study of surface plasmons, as well as for Kretschmann-Raether configuration, a commonly-used experimental setup for the excitation of surface plasmon resonances.
In gas discharge physics, he devoted himself to the ignition process, especially the formation of the spark channel, the initial phase of electrical breakdown.
Carlos Septus (born 16 June 1991) is a Virgin Islander footballer for Rebels FC and the British Virgin Islands national football team.
Septus made his senior international debut on 3 July 2011 in a 2-0 defeat to the U.S. Virgin Islands during World Cup qualifying.
Michael Archdeacon, of Combehall in Drewsteignton, Devon was an English politician who was MP for Cornwall in February 1383 and November 1390.
He was the son of John Archdeacon, in turn a son of Thomas Archdeacon, and a younger brother of Warin Archdeacon.
A Republican, Mills has represented the 36th district of the Louisiana State Senate, based in the exurbs of Shreveport and Bossier City, since 2020.
In 2019, Mills successfully challenged incumbent Republican state senator Ryan Gatti, defeating him with 56% of the vote in the runoff election.
He was the son of John Archdeacon, in turn a son of Thomas Archdeacon, and an elder brother of Michael Archdeacon.
Pete Tomlin is an expert in transit signalling systems, who was employed by both the Toronto Transit Commission, the New York City Transit Authority, Hong Kong and the London Underground.
Tomlin was responsible for installing the signal system on London's Jubilee line, in 1997, and the West Rail and Ma On Shan subway lines in Hong Kong, before coming to Toronto to upgrade the signal system on the Yonge-University Line.
Andy Byford, who became the General Manager of New York's MTA, after five years as General Manager of the TTC, in 2017, would hire Tomlin, who had worked under him in Toronto, in January 2019.
Improving the signals system, so trains can run closer together, thus more frequently, can increase a subway line's passenger capacity, postponing the day they needed to be supplemented by new parallel lines.
Isnada Lebrun (born 4 August 1997) is a Haitian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Canadian club AS Blainville and the Haiti women's national team.
The EP was originally released to coincide with Magic Dirt's October 2009 Australian tour, but has became something of a sad epitaph for this much-loved Melbourne rock band with news of the passing of bassist and co-founder Dean Turner in late August 2009.
Dean felt it was vital to include our audience as part of the whole creative process and it was important for him to give something back to the fans.
The remaining five track bring together a selection of new, unreleased and rare material including duets with Gareth Liddiard of The Drones and Rowland S. Howard of The Birthday Party.
Ayanga (, , Cyrillic: Аянга; born October 23, 1989) is a Chinese musical theater actor, singer and songwriter of Mongolian ethnicity.
After graduating from college, he joined the Beijing Opera and Dance Theater and became a musical theater actor and a singer.
Recommended by Tian Xinxin, Ayanga joined the Beijing Song and Dance Theater as a solo actor after graduating from Beijing Dance Academy.
The same year, he participated in The Third Inner Mongolia Young Singer TV Competition and won the first prize for mainstream singing.
In February 2016, Ayanga participated in the CCTV New Year's Gala for the first time with Jiang Xin, Du Fu, Wu Yingwei and others.
The same year, he also participated in several important occasions, including the closing ceremony of the 13th National Games; the closing ceremony of the 26th China Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival and the Sino-Russian Artists Gala.
Prior to joining Gwyneth at Goop, Loehnen was the VP of Marketing and Creative Services at Shopzilla, worked in various editorial roles for the digital publishing company Conde Nast, and was the Shopping News Editor for Lucky Magazine.
She's recently been pushed into the spotlight with her appearance on the Goop Lab with Gwyneth Paltrow series on Netflix, which premiered in January 2020.
In addition to the show, Loehnen oversees the website, newsletter, magazine, podcast, books and In Goop Health summits which launched in 2018.
He has medalled at every Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2016, for a total of four gold, three silver, and six bronze medals.
A so-called Wrong Winner Election occours when it results in the party or candidate with the most or the plurality of votes either not winning a majority and/or becoming the largest party.
The community is notable for Orton Bradley Park and as the location of a quarry which produced a decorative sandstone used in many early buildings of Christchurch.
Balidhiig, also known as Beli Dhiig or Bali Dhiig, is a town in the Togdheer region of Somaliland, close to the Ethiopian border.
The Spring Juvenile Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually during the first part of May from 1917 through 1930 at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland.
At the time the Spring Juvenile Stakes was created Pimlico already had the Nursery Stakes which was run under the exact same terms and distance.
Careful in 1920 and Lord Baltimore in 1921 marked the only two times the Spring Juvenile winner also won the Pimlico Nursery Stakes.
The inaugural running of the Spring Juvenile Stakes took place on May 12, 1917 and was won by Edward McBride's colt Charlie Leydecker who defeated Quietude, the betting favorite owned by Alfred H. Morris.
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the Great Depression which would soon force racetrack owners to cut purse money for all races and to cancel others.
Pimlico already had the Nursery Stakes open to all, and the Home-Bred Stakes for Maryland-bred two-year-olds, both of which were at the same distance as the Spring Juvenile Stakes.
Because the Nursery Stakes had the higher profile as a stakes first run in 1909, and the importance of promoting breeding in the state of Maryland, it would be the Spring Juvenile Stakes that would be dropped from the schedule.
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Muravyov (; 2 October 1938 – 21 January 2020) was a Soviet and Russian military officer who held a number of posts in the Soviet and later Russian Armed Forces, reaching the rank of colonel-general.
Born in 1938, Muravyov entered the Soviet Armed Forces in 1955 and after his initial studies, began a career in the Strategic Missile Forces.
After graduating from the he took command of a rocket regiment and was soon promoted to chief of staff and deputy commander of a rocket division.
In 1984 he was appointed first deputy commander of the 50th Rocket Army, and in 1987 commander of the 53rd Rocket Army.
Muravyov continued to be heavily involved in the introduction of the latest missile technologies, with the deployment of the RT-2PM Topol mobile intercontinental ballistic missile system.
In 1992 Muravyov took on a leadership role with the Strategic Missile Forces, becoming head of its Combat Training Directorate, and from 1993 deputy commander of the Strategic Missile Forces.
In 1997 he became First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, and was also a member of its military council.
He remained active in veteran's affairs and academic studies, researching at the Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces, and becoming a candidate of military sciences.
Muravyov was born into the family of an officer of the Red Army on 2 October 1938 in the village of , Moscow Oblast, then part of the Russian SFSR, in the Soviet Union.
He was assigned to serve with the Strategic Missile Forces as part of a missile division based in Pruzhany, Brest Region in July that year.
He was initially head of the 3rd department of the 6th battery of the 403rd Rocket Regiment from 1960 to 1963, and then worked in the engineering sections of the Missile Forces from 1963 to 1969.
After carrying out further studies at the from 1973, and graduating with a gold medal in June 1975, Muravyov was appointed commander of the 306th Rocket Regiment.
In November 1976 he became chief of staff and deputy commander of the 24th Guards Rocket Division, based at Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Oblast.
During his time in command, the 49th Guards Rocket Division was equipped with the RSD-10 Pioneer intermediate-range ballistic missile system, replacing the R-12 Dvina.
In June 1984, after graduating from the Military Academy of the General Staff that year, he was appointed first deputy commander of the 50th Rocket Army at Smolensk, and on 10 December 1987 became commander of the 53rd Rocket Army, Chita.
In November 1992 Muravyov was appointed head of the Strategic Missile Forces Combat Training Directorate, and from 27 August 1993 served as deputy commander of the Strategic Missile Forces for Combat Training, in addition to his role as head of the Strategic Missile Forces Combat Training Directorate.
He was promoted to colonel-general in 1994, and in September 1997 became First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, and a regular deputy commander-in-chief from January 1998 onwards.
From 27 August 1993 until 30 May 2000 he was also a member of the Military Council of the Strategic Missile Forces.
In retirement Muravyov became Chairman of the Council of the Union of Missile Forces Veterans and continued his academic studies as a researcher at the Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces, becoming a candidate of military sciences in 2007.
Zone A of the 1994 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Group III was one of two zones in the Europe/Africa Group III of the 1994 Davis Cup.
10 teams competed across two pools in a round robin competition, with the top team in each pool advancing to Group II in 1995.
Limeburners Creek National Park is a national park, located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia.
The park was originally erected as a nature reserve but this reservation was revoked when it became formally recognised as a national park in 2010 under the National Parks and Wildlife Act (1974).
The national park is located to the north of Port Macquarie and exists across both the Kempsey Shire and Port Macquarie-Hastings Council local government areas, but is chiefly managed by National Parks and Wildlife Service (New South Wales).
Many threatened ecological habitats and species of fauna and flora are found within this park, alongside several heritage sites of cultural significance, particularly to the local Birpai people upon whose land the park exists.
The protected status of this national park is largely owing to the ecological and cultural value of the area, in addition to the value of the ecosystems to further scientific research.
María Guevara (born 4 October 2000) is a Panamanian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Universitario and the Panama women's national team.
Guevara has appeared for the Panama women's national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification against Guatemala.
It depicts a female sparrowhawk, perched on a wooden rail near the corner of a room, with shadows thrown onto the plain plastered wall behind.
Publishing Tuesday through Saturday, it is one of 24 newspapers currently published at least five days a week in the state of Minnesota.
It was then purchased by Thompson Newspapers in December 1992, later to Boone Newspapers, Inc., until 2019 when it was purchased by Wick Communications.
While growing up, she listened to a lot of Rabindra Sangeet as well as LP records of film soundtracks which strengthened her inclination towards music.
A postgraduate in Botany, she served as a programmer in broadcasting for All India Radio and Doordarshan in Mumbai for 36 years since 1976 until her retirement in July 2012.
She was honoured with the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer at the 26th National Film Awards for her performance and was also nominated at the 27th Filmfare Awards in the Best Female Playback Singer category.
After retiring as the Head of Transcription and Programme Exchange Service of All India Radio (where she had served at various executive positions), she decided to return to a more professionally active music career.
She joined Iqbal Ahmad Khan's classes to learn ghazals of the Delhi gharana and has since been regularly performing at concerts.
For his performance, Hu won the New Face of the Year award at the Golden Bud - The Second Network Film And Television Festival.
Gloria Estephan Sáenz (born 2 July 2002) is a Panamanian footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Nacional and the Panama women's national team.
Sáenz has been capped for the Panama women's national team, making three appearances for the team at the football tournament at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.
After Thomas Clayton, a former mayor, decided to finance expansion of the facility, it moved to a site at the junction of Wood Street and Cross Street in 1854.
It was renamed the Clayton Hospital and Wakefield General Dispensary in 1863 to reflect the completion of a new inpatients wing.
Using finance from a legacy left by Thomas Clayton, it relocated to new premises in Northgate, designed by William Bakewell, in 1879.
In July 2017 Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield secured planning consent to refurbish the Victorian Tower but demolish the remainer of the buildings to create sports facilities.
From 2015 to 2017, the years following his debut album, Robinson stated that he struggled to create music that he was proud of due to suffering from bouts of depression.
In late 2017, Robinson unveiled his Virtual Self project, a eurodance and trance inspired production alias in tandem with a five track EP.
He made it clear that he would not mix music between alias, and would not play an alias' music while performing as the other.
The announcement was made along with a 52 second video that featured cryptic messages and hints, including an obscured Google Maps link, dates, and geographic coordinates.
These messages and hints are a signature of Robinson, who frequently hides puzzles and clues in his promotional material, art, and music for his fans to decrypt.In a letter to his fans, Robinson stated that he had reevaluated his purpose for creating music.
He said that instead of satisfying a personal goal with his music, he wished to make music that reached people emotionally.
After nine years, Baba Jamal was able to make it to the bar and he happen to be part of the 219 lawyers called to the bar in 2015.
On December 7 2012, Baba Jamal won the parliamentary seat for Akwatia constituency for the first time, on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress in the 2012 Ghanaian General Elections obtaining 50.44% of the total valid votes cast.
He however lost the seat to Mercy Ama Sey in the 2016 General Elections after he polled 15,905 votes while Mercy Ama Sey garnered 21,433 of the total valid votes cast.
The 2020 Ole Miss Rebels men's tennis team represents the University of Mississippi in the 2020 NCAA Division I men's tennis season.
Frederick Joseph Ross (1927 – 2014) CM, ONB, LL.D, RCA was a Canadian artist best known for his figurative drawings, paintings and murals.
Ross received a bachelor of fine arts from Mount Allison University and a bachelor of education from the University of New Brunswick.
He returned to teach at Saint John Vocational School from the 1950s until 1970, becoming the head of its art department.
It was recreated by Ross and several apprentices in 2011, based on preparatory drawings Ross had mistakenly left at the New Brunswick Museum.
He was awarded with an honorary doctorate of laws from the University of New Brunswick in 1984 and the Order of New Brunswick in 2008.
Gabriela Elizabeth Villagrand Leonards (born 12 January 1999), also known as Gabby Villagrand, is an American-born Panamanian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Angelo State Rams and the Panama women's national team.
Villagrand was homeschooled, and played for Challenge Soccer Club and HCYA Hurricanes in her youth, helping the latter to win the state championship in 2015 and 2016.
She made her international debut on 28 January 2020 against Costa Rica, coming on as a 55th minute substitute for Amarelis De Mera in the match, which finished as a 1–6 loss.
After appearing in local stage productions, she was secured a working contract with D. W. Griffith, appearing in uncredited bit parts in his films.
Once the expressway begins, tolls are collected by the East Nippon Expressway Company for the distance traveled along the Dō-Ō Expressway.
After passing through the toll booth a partial interchange allows access only from Hokkaido Route 344 to the westbound traffic of the Kuromatsunai Shindō and access from the expressway to Route 344.
The music video shows the singer performing in an elevator going up and down, while she watches different people entering and/or leaving.
The series follows a group of Grade 5 kids, consisting of Maudie Miller, Ezra Banks, which form a Detective Agency named The Inbestigators to solve crimes in school or neighborhood, which they report in an internet blog together and became even more friends.
Most of these victims, suspects and culprits are neighbours and classmates, and they help the victim, questionates the suspets and catch the real culprits responsible from crimes like sabotage, stealing and accusation.
Also, it features guest characters that appears in one only episode in each season, and they also serves as victims, suspects and culprits.
Her mom deceased when she was only a young girl, but one of her last moments with Maudie was when they came to the movies, and shot various photographies.
She lived with her father, Brian Miller, in England until her 10 years old, when they change into Australia, and she gots transferred into the local school in Moorabbin.
Then, on her first day at school, Maudie meets Ezra Banks, who has the job to show the school for her, of the behest of Mr. Mcgilick.
Then, Maudie impressionates him and others kids of Grade 5, Ava and Kyle, when she solves a robbery on the playground, causing the four to form The Inbestigators investigative agency.
During or not on her detective work, Maudie demonstrates to be very observating, clever, insightful, and gets straight to the point.
She writes all the clues of the cases in a little notebook, which is very especial for her because it has the pictures with her mom during the day that they go to the movies.
He likes to be clean, and always suggests the principal of the school, which Ezra calls him by his first name, Henry, to redo the school website, despite the latter's repeated refusals.
Later, his mom wanted that his gifted son be stimaulated by a special project, and Mr. Mcgilick gaves the job to Ezra of take care of the new student, Maudie Miller.
Then, he gets fascinated when Maudie solves a mystery on the playground, causing the two and other two kids of the Grade 5, Ava and Kyle, form The Inbestigators detective agency.
Because of his like to be clean, he is don't interested in sport activities, like laser tag, and he is good in math, being the oppost of Kyle, who likes sports and isn't good at math.
He considers Friday as the best day of his life, because its Treat Day, where he can ask for anything he wants, which is not healthy.
She always cares about her school's growth, and always tries to raise money by selling cupcakes, donuts, hot-dogs and other things.
She has also been friends with Ezra and Kyle since the age of 6, where the latter has a somewhat harsh relationship because he always forgets to pay the things she owes.
Ava is fascinated when the new student solves a mystery in the playground, causing the four to form The Inbestigators detective agency.
He gets easily distracted by the questions and also by food and forgets and loses everything, but this doen't mean that he isn't smart.
He believes that is running a tight ship and also has an big strange relantionship with his World's Best Principal Mug.
Ezra always calls him by his first name, Henry, which Mr. Mcgilick don't likes, and he refuses Ezra's suggestions to remke the school's website.
But, all the professors calls him for his first name, Henry, and he don't demonstrats to hate when they call him for his first name, like Ezra does.
She is a passionate, creative and engaged theacher who, despite a tendency to get frazzled by her sometimes rowdy grade five students, genuinely loves her job.
She is also a little flustered and has a great legacy of losing everything, according to Kyle, and mad sometimes when someone of her students does something wrong.
She wants report the cases, despited Ezra's repeated refusals, and also wants that her brother creates a Junior Division for the agency.
Keisilyn Yorleny Gutiérrez Arenales (born 19 March 1997) is a Panamanian footballer who plays as a forward for Universitario and the Panama women's national team.
Gutiérrez has been capped to the Panama women's national team, including an appearance on 28 January 2020 in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship against Costa Rica, which finished as a 1–6 loss.
Gutiérrez works as a teacher at the Juan Demóstenes Arosemena Bilingual Education Center in Valle Hermoso, where she teaches pre-kindergarten through 9th grade.
The 1975–76 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
He served in multiple executive roles which included, the director of Fitness and Amateur Sport, director of Sport Canada, president of the National Sport Recreation Centre, president of the Canadian Paralympic Committee, chairman and president of Hockey Canada, executive director of the Canadian Figure Skating Association, and executive director of Sport Marketing Canada.
His involvement in Hockey Canada included negotiations for the 1972 Summit Series, the 1974 Summit Series, and the 1981 Canada Cup; and planning for the Canada men's national ice hockey team and the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team.
Lefaive was an original council member for the Canada Games that began in 1967, and was named a director of the Canadian Olympic Association.
He developed a working relationship with John Munro, the Minister of Health and Welfare, and was able to influence the government's policies on sport.
In 1968, Lefaive recommended that the directorate set national sport policies with the rationale it was staffed with full-time civil servants who were experts in physical education and public administration, instead of the National Advisory Council on Fitness who were volunteers.
On February 21, 1969, Hockey Canada began operations as a separate entity from the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA), and Lefaive was appointed to the initial board of directors with the goal of the Canada men's national ice hockey team defeating the Soviet Union national ice hockey team, and assist in planning the upcoming 1970 Ice Hockey World Championships hosted in Canada.
Lefaive explained that Sport Canada would be concerned with the competitive aspects of sports, and Recreation Canada would be concerned with getting more Canadians to participate in sports for pleasure.
In June 1971, Lefaive felt that universities were becoming less opposed to third party scholarships for athletes, and hoped it would relieve the financial burden of bidding for athletes to attend their school.
Sport Canada offered 100 scholarships to athletes at that time, and he hoped to broaden the scholarship base by increasing participation in sport.
In February 1972, Lefaive became part of the board of directors for the Sport Federation of Canada, via his role in Sport Canada.
In 1973, Lefaive called for amateur sport leaders in Canada to be more vocal in supporting the planned 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Lefaive was acting as the assistant deputy Minister of Amateur Sport, from July 18 to September 1, 1973, until an appointment took effect.
In September 1973, he attended as a government observer to the renegotiation of the professional-amateur agreement between the National Hockey League (NHL) represented by Clarence Campbell, and the CAHA represented by Jack Devine.
On November 30, 1973, Marc Lalonde the Canadian Minister of Health and Welfare, named Lefaive the president designate of a proposed corporation which would include all amateur sport bodies.
He was part of the Canadian delegation attending the 1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, which began discussions on a possible return of the national team to international competition.
He expected the Japanese Olympic Committee to invite Canada to ice hockey at the 1972 Winter Olympics, and that Hockey Canada would consider without indicating any acceptance or refusal.
In February 1972, the Canadian Bureau of Public Affairs empowered Joe Kryczka, president of the CAHA, Charles Hay chairman of Hockey Canada, and Lefaive to oversee diplomatic efforts to return Canada to international ice hockey, and gave them needed assistance from Canadian embassies in Europe, and specifically the Embassy of Canada in Moscow.
Kryczka, Hay and Lefaive went to Prague in April 1972 to finalize a deal with the Soviet Union Ice Hockey Federation for what became the 1972 Summit Series.
While in Prague, Lefaive and Doug Fisher spoke with Derek Holmes who was coaching the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team, and convinced him to join Hockey Canada as its technical director to help build the national team.
After the Summit Series was announced, Lefaive stated that future agreements to have international hockey events with professional players did not mean Canada would return to the Ice Hockey World Championships or ice hockey at the Olympic Games.
He noted that obstacles were the timing of the events overlapping with the National Hockey League (NHL) season, and the cost of traveling to Europe from North America.
He said Canada would ask for the World Championships to be scheduled in May after NHL playoffs, or in September during professional training camps.
In April 1973, Lefaive and Gordon Juckes met with Andrei Starovoytov from the Soviet Union Ice Hockey Federation to discuss the possibility of another series.
He met with the CAHA, NHL, World Hockey Association (WHA) and European countries regarding a potential World Cup of Hockey in open competition.
He supported adding the WHA Players' Association representative Ron Roberts to the committee to give the players a voice, despite opposition from Ben Hatskin who owned the Winnipeg Jets.
He described the vision of the new centre as providing direct administrative and technical assistance to amateur sport organizations, and helping those volunteer organizations achieve more.
From 1976 to 1977, Lefaive served as the first president of the Canadian Paralympic Committee and presided over the government's coordinating committee for the Sports for the Physically Disabled.
He oversaw the allocation of government funds for the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, the Canadian Association for Disabled Skiing, the Canadian Amputee Sports Association and the Canadian Blind Sports Association.
He cautioned that raising the level of competition at the Canada Games would lead to the more populated Canadian provinces dominating the events.
On April 13, 1978, Lefaive was appointed by Iona Campagnolo to return as director of Sport Canada, and replace Roger Jackson who resigned.
He said Canada need to take a long look at whether results were worth the tax payer's money, and suggested that the money might be better spent going to competitions in Europe.
In October 1978, the CAHA used its International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) membership to block a series of international exhibition games between the WHA and Europeans teams, that were arranged by Hockey Canada.
The CAHA was upset about the WHA not paying development fees when it signed players from junior ice hockey teams in Canada.
He agreed with the CAHA to move forward planning the 1980 Canada Cup, but still disputed who had control of the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team.
He felt that Hockey Canada's links to the private sector would help establish a permanent national men's team, and finance the national junior team at the World Juniors.
In October 1979, Lefaive announced a proposal to operate an elite CIAU hockey league in Canada funded by Hockey Canada and the private sector.
The aims were to encourage the best student athletes to remain in Canada instead of accepting scholarships in the United States, and act to as a feeder program for the national men's team.
The CAHA chose not to send a team to the 1980 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, and Lefaive stated the decision would hurt Canada's reputation.
The CAHA stated it withdrew because funding from Sport Canada was denied, whereas Sport Canada said the request came too late.
He made it a priority to have a CIAU super league operational by the 1980–81 school season, and suggested it would cost an extra C$25,000 per team.
He continued preparations for the 1980 Canada Cup, despite the ongoing Soviet–Afghan War, although he received a request from Steve Paproski, the Minister of Amateur Sport, to review its relationship with the Soviet Union team.
Despite not winning a medal in ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics, Lefaive committed to continue the national team program and a university hockey league.
He wanted to keep the nucleus of the team together for international tournaments such as the Izvestia Cup in Moscow, and the Rudé právo tournament in Czechoslovakia, and add players for the upcoming World Championships.
Lefaive was critical of the NHL for giving nearly twice the financial assistance to the United States men's national ice hockey team instead of Team Canada, and felt that the NHL owed more to Canada.
He accepted responsibility for cancelling the 1980 Canada Cup due to lack of sponsors and public opinion on world events, and hoped the event could be held in 1981.
In a January 1981 interview, Lefaive said that the cancellation of the 1980 Canada Cup left Hockey Canada without money to fund a national team which went on hold for a year.
He began planning in summer 1981 for ice hockey at the 1984 Winter Olympics, and expected the national men's team to be composed of junior and college players.
After the victorious team was prevented from taking the trophy home to the Soviet Union by Alan Eagleson, Winnipeg businessman George Smith planned on presenting a copy of the Canada Cup trophy to the Soviet players at Portage and Main.
Lefaive served as the executive director of the Canadian Figure Skating Association from 1983 to 1986, and served as a board member of the Sports Federation of Canada.
In November 1984, he proposed collaborating on a series of events with the United States Figure Skating Association to strengthen North American competition and its talent.
Lefaive departed the Canadian Figure Skating Association to pursue opportunities in sports marketing, and was succeeded as executive director by David Dore on January 20, 1986.
Lefaive served as the executive director of Sport Marketing Canada from 1986 to 1992, and was president of the Sport Marketing Council.
He expected corporate funding to grow in the next four years and suggested that sports organizations set a target of 50% funding from private sources.
Jazmín María Elizondo Villalobos (born 16 December 1994) is a Costa Rican footballer who plays as a forward for Herediano and the Costa Rica women's national team.
Elizondo made her international debut for Costa Rica on 28 January 2020 in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship against Panama.
She came on as a substitute in the 74th minute for Melissa Herrera and scored the final goal of the match, which finished as a 6–1 win.
Instead, each author is paired with a guest host who is familiar with the author or the subject matter of their book.
The Seidelmann 37 is an American sailboat that was designed by Bob Seidelmann as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1980.
It has a masthead sloop rig, with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a raised reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
The galley is located aft, on the starboard side and includes a two-burner, alcohol-fired stove and oven, plus a sink with pressurized water.
There is a navigation station on the port side that is normally angled, but can be leveled for use as counter space.
It was formed in February 1944 and was destroyed by the forces of the Western Allies in the Mons cauldron in September 1944.
Subsequently, the 47th Infantry Division was assigned to coastal defense duty against the possibility of a naval invasion by the Western Allies.
When this invasion became reality in the form of Operation Overlord, starting with the D-day landings on 6 June 1944, the 47th Infantry Division was assigned to 5th Panzer Army.
The German units were unable to hold their grounds against the Allied forces, were pushed past Paris towards Mons in Belgium.
The company has been recognized for supporting politicians such as Barack Obama and Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and opened its first brick-and-mortar location on Bleecker Street in November 2018.
The company's products have been popularized by celebrities such as Leonardo DiCaprio, Kristen Bell, Mandy Moore, Christy Turlington, Reese Witherspoon, Candice Bergen, Connie Britton and Meryl Streep.
He reached a best singles ranking of 266 in the world and made the second round at the 1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia.
Dr. Alfred J. Pearson (September 29, 1869 Landskrona, Sweden - August 10, 1939 Des Moines, Iowa) was a professor of German language and literature at Drake University, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts of Drake University from 1930 to his death in 1939 and the American Minister to Poland (1924-25) and then, to Finland (1925-1930).
The 2020 Ole Miss Rebels women's tennis team represents the University of Mississippi in the 2020 NCAA Division I women's tennis season.
Hansen was born on 14 September 1798 in Copenhagen, the son of vintner Gotfred Hansen (1765-1835) and Anna Catharine Weinreich (1770-1856).
In 1819, Hambro installed him as agent on Guernsey and Jersey with responsibility for the firm's trade om Brazillian and Danish oproducts on the world market.
Hansen and Hambro's partner George Gerson handled the affair when the Danish government in 1821 relied on Hambro's services in connextion with obtaining the so-called Haldemann-Goldschmidt 5 % loan of £ 3 millions in London.
In 1825, he was sent to Kristiania to oversee the firm's Security interests in cunstoms duties in connection with a state loan.
In 1831, C. J. Hambro & Søn was granted a 10-year monopoly on operating a steam-driven rice huller at Hambros Plads in Christianshavn.
The complex was later expanded with Denmark's first canned food factory which made it possible to sell the meat to the many ships in the area.
Hansen's brother-in-law Alfred Mansell was omotoaææy a partner in the firm but he later owned it alone until he was joined by his sons Alfred and Harald Hansen.
He was chairman of De private Assurandører in 1839- 1873 and was also active on the board of a number of other companies.
Hansen owned Kokkedal from 1837 to 1843 and later Øregård as well as Tirsbæk at Vejle (1861–73) and Nørre Holmegård at Lemvig (1867–73).
Hansen married Emma Eliza Grut (16 November 1803 - 25 June 1865), a daughter of pastor Thomas Grut (c. 1769-1836) and Lucie Elizabeth Martin, on 7 July 1825 in St. Andrew's Church on Guernsey.
She was the mother of writer Mary Westenholz (1857-1947) and engineer and businessman Aage Westenholz (1859-1935) and the grandmother of Karen Blixen.
Raquel Valeria Chacón González (born 17 November 1994) is a Costa Rican footballer who plays as a midfielder for Alajuelense CODEA and the Costa Rica women's national team.
Chacón joined the Costa Rica women's national team squad for the first time for the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship.
Chacón made her international debut on 28 January 2020, coming on as a substitute in the 78th minute for Raquel Rodríguez in the 6–1 win against Panama.
She has reached a career-high ITF world junior ranking of 9, as well as a WTA singles ranking of 718 and a doubles ranking of 598.
The 2020 Las Vegas Lights FC season is the club's third season, and their third season in the United Soccer League Championship, the second division of American soccer.
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Las Vegas' season.
The single was also the last single to be promoted by the band as a quartet, when band member Smooth T (aka Toni Cottura) left the band.
The song is sung by lead singer Marie Anett Mey and it hit success in Spain, where the track peaked at number 6.
Milligan has held positions at a variety of banking institutions, including Regions Financial Corporation, BancorpSouth, Home Federal Bank, and the Bank of Montgomery.
In 2019, Milligan announced a run for State Senate against Democratic incumbent John Milkovich, who had garnered blowback for his unscientific comments on vaccinations and autism.
He was most famous for his well-rhymed poems that related to the social and economic problems of the common people who form the vast majority of the population in Nepal.
He believed that the problems of the poor and the neediest had to be addressed at first so that they would be able to contribute to the sustained economic growth and the development of the country in the long run.
Act I: Eternal Sunshine (The Pledge) is the debut mixtape by American rapper Jay Electronica, self-published onto MySpace on July 2, 2007.
Jay Electronica has pointed out the scene where Jim Carrey's character Joel is excited for the first time in the film when he meets Kate Winslet's character Clementine, saying it at first appears to be a pivotal moment but that the background music gave a contrasting feeling.
The mixtape's opening is performed by frequent collaborator Just Blaze and Jay Electronica's then-partner Erykah Badu who give compliments to Jay Electronica.
The mixtape was later released by Jay Electronica onto his MySpace on July 2, 2007 when he was still a relatively-unknown rapper.
This is a list of current and former varsity ice hockey programs that played under NCAA guidelines and/or predated the NCAA's foundation.
Following his service, he attended the University of California, Los Angeles, but later transferred to Columbia University after seeing it was named the most anti-semitic university in the United States.
Rochman's argument about the state of Israel's right to exist centers around the idea that Jews are indigenous to the land.
He has notably stated that Judaism is not a religion, but rather an ethnic group that is indigenous to the land of Israel.
He believes that the movement's agenda is rooted in anti-semitism and that BDS has contributed to the rise in anti-semitic incidents on college campuses.
The order of Assassins was founded in Persia in 1090 by Hassan-i Sabbah and were dedicated to the murder of political and religious opponents.
The 1976–77 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
Evander Holyfield vs. Ossie Ocasio was a professional boxing match contested on February 14, 1987 for the WBA and IBF cruiserweight title.
In Evander Holyfield's previous fight, he had defeated Rickey Parkey by third round technical knockout to add the IBF cruiserweight title to the WBA version he had captured the previous year.
On the undercard of the fight former WBA cruiserweight champions Ossie Ocasio and Dwight Muhammad Qawi would meet to determine the IBF's #1 contender, with both men having already signed a contract that guaranteed them a title match against the winner of the Holyfield–Parkey fight.
Ocasio would earn a controversial majority decision victory despite spending most of the fight on the defensive, having avoided engaging Qawi, constantly baking away and clinching, leading the referee to eventually deduct a point for excessive holding.
However, two judges scored the fight in favor of Ocasio with scores of 96–94 and 95–94 while the third had scored it a draw at 95–95.
The IBF eventually allowed Ocasio to keep their #1 ranking and Qawi instead would meet former IBF cruiserweight Lee Roy Murphy on the undercard with the winner earning a title shot against the winner of the Holyfield–Ocasio fight.
Like he had in his previous fight with Qawi, Ocasio used a defensive approach while Holyfield served as the aggressor throughout and had won all 10 rounds on one judge's scorecard (100–92) and taken 9 on the other two scorecards (99–94).
Holyfield would finally end the fight early in the 11th round when he dropped Ocasio with a left uppercut followed by a right hand.
Ocasio was able to continue but Holyfield would continue to attack Ocasio and after Holyfield landed several unanswered combinations with Ocasio against the ropes, the referee stopped the fight and Holyfield was declared the winner by technical knockout at 1:24 of the round.
This is a select bibliography of post World War II English language books (including translations) and journal articles about the Revolutionary and Civil War era of Russian (Soviet) history.
Book entries may have references to reviews published in English language academic journals or major newspapers when these could be considered helpful.
Topics covered include the Russian Revolution (1905), the February and October Revolutions in 1917, and the Russian Civil War, as well as closely related events such as the Russo-Japanese War and the Russian involvement in World War I, and biographies of prominent individuals involved in the Revolution and Civil War.
This bibliography does not include newspaper articles (except primary sources and references), fiction or photo collections created during or about the Revolution or Civil War.
Additional bibliographies can be found in many of the book-length works listed below; see Further Reading for several book and chapter length bibliographies.
Chelsea Ariane Surpris (born 20 December 1996) is an American-born Haitian footballer who plays as a right back for the Haiti women's national team.
Surpris played for the Dallas Sting club team in her youth, helping the team to win the 2011 USYSA and 2014 ECNL national championships.
She played for the Nolan Catholic Vikings in high school, where she was the team's most valuable player in 2012 while also competing as a track and field athlete.
She has been capped for the Haiti women's national team, including an appearance in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship against the United States on 28 January 2020.
Surpris graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Human Dimensions of Organization and a minor in business.
She followed this with an appearance at the 2013 Junior World Cup in Mönchengladbach and at the 2014 EuroHockey Junior Championship in Waterloo.
She won gold at the 2013 EuroHockey Championships in Boom, as well as bronze at the 2015 EuroHockey Championships in London.
The China Computer Federation (; abbreviated CCF) is a professional body and learned society in the field of computer science in China.
Kerly Théus (born 7 January 1999) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Aigle Brillant AC and the Haiti women's national team.
Théus was a member of the Haiti under-20 national team, appearing for the team in all three matches of the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, the team's first ever major women's international tournament.
She has appeared for the senior Haiti national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship against the United States on 28 January 2020.
Born in Heredia, Costa Rica into a musical family, Rojas studied Jazz Arrnging & Composition at the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas on scholarship.
His film and television work has included working as an assistant composer, arranger, and music team member for composers such as Hans Zimmer, Klaus Badelt, and Alan Menken.
Rojas also performed as a member of Demi Lovato's band, and also worked as a guitarist on recordings by artists such as Bryan Adams and Jason Mraz, among others.
He composes both score music and songs for the series, which stars the voices of Karen Fukuhara, Deon Cole, Coy Stewart, Sydney Mikayla, and Dee Bradley Baker.
Both his music composition and production company, 506 Music, and his music library production company, Nimble Music (co-owned with Jack Gravina), are based out of Culver City, California.
SCLA president Nancy Jane Day certified that membership was open to black members, many of whom had been attending the meetings of the library section of the Palmetto Education Association.
It was initially released on Rhythm Records in 1999, then as an official single the following year on major label Warner's East West Records.
It was built from 137 locally quarried stones of up to , and is aligned to the summer and winter solstices.
The Rotary Club of Esperance promoted the idea of building a Stonehenge replica locally, but the plan was controversial, received mixed reactions from the community, and there was no agreed-upon site.
Kim and Jillian Beale, who owned a hobby farm across from the quarry, decided to build the replica on their property with their own money in 2011, after receiving approval from the Shire of Esperance in 2010.
It was designed by architect Michael Sorensen of Sorensen Architects, and used of Desert Brown granite supplied and installed by AustralAsian Granite.
The 2020 Reno 1868 FC season is the club's fourth season of existence and their fourth in the United Soccer League Championship, the second tier of American soccer .
On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of Las Vegas' season.
Madelina Fleuriot (born 28 October 2003) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Exafoot and the Haiti women's national team.
Fleuriot was a member of the Haiti under-20 national team at the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, the team's first ever major women's international tournament, but did not make an appearance.
She has appeared for the senior Haiti national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification against Puerto Rico on 7 October 2019, which finished as a 2–1 win.
The hill station lies in the tehsil Chiralla, earlier in Thathri tehsil of Jammu and Kashmir and does not inhabit (Un-inhabited) any population or households near it.
The Mercyhurst Lakers represented Mercyhurst University in CHA women's ice hockey during the 2018-19 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
The Gokaigers are a group of young pirates from space that hear of the legend of the Greatest Treasure in the Universe, which leads them to Earth.
However, on their journey, they cross paths with the evil Space Empire Zangyack, who conquered their planets long ago and placed bounties on their heads before indirectly interfering in their invasion of Earth and increasing the bounty as a result.
Whenever the Gokaigers change into a past Super Sentai group, they will sometimes refer to themselves as the version of that team.
The Gokaigers often state that they are not heroes like the Super Sentai, but rather they say that they are merely pirates who only help out due to circumstance.
But their experience on Earth, especially after Gai joins the crew, has led them to accept their role as Super Sentai as they value the earth and its inhabitants as they wish to protect the earth.
By that time, as the bounty now states them to be killed on sight, the Gokaigers decide to finally take the fight to the Zangyack.
After the death of Akudos Gill and the fall of the Zangyack Empire, Marvelous returns the Ranger Keys, along with the Great Powers within them, back to the respective previous warriors, and he and his crew departs the Earth, going on a journey to the homeworld of Zangyack to find what he presumes to be the second Greatest Treasure.
Once helping the Go-Busters defeat Bacchus, the Gokaigers leave Earth in the newest Super Sentai team's hands while they resume looking for treasure in the cosmos.
He was originally a resident of a planet invaded by the Zangyack Empire before turning to piracy, though he had no desire or motivation except to pursue the Greatest Treasure in the Universe, which he did not truly believe in at the time.
While raiding a Zangyack treasure depository, he met Aka Red, who recruited him to the while telling him to never give up if he wishes to obtain the Greatest Treasure.
When the Red Pirates were wiped out in a Zangyack attack after being betrayed by their shipmate Basco Ta Jolokia, Marvelous promised Aka Red to continue his quest for the Greatest Treasure.
While he has no idea what the treasure is supposed to be, he makes finding it his only goal in life, eventually forming his own crew of space pirates whose members also share his ideal.
Though he is the team leader, Captain Marvelous is an unpredictable sort of character who does reckless things to satisfy his curiosity, stating his actions as what any pirate would do in that particular moment, earning the ire of his crew, especially Don, at times.
But his sense of responsibility as a leader is still very well intact, as shown when if his crew is ever in mortal danger, he would use his authority as captain and sacrifice himself, much like Aka Red did for him, to ensure their safety.
He is much stronger than he looks as he is usually seen exercising himself by wearing a heavy bracelet while playing darts.
His strength is displayed in a flashback in episode 12, where he rips the Zangyack tracking collar off Joe's neck, as well as in episode 21, where he rips the Heart of Hades right out of Ryuuwon's chest.
Before having Doc and Ahim join his crew, Marvelous's bounty was already established at 1,000,000 and raised to 1,500,000 when they get to Earth.
Captain Marvelous manages to defeat Basco to retrieve the five remaining Great Powers that the privateer had stolen, with his crew defeating Akudos to end the Zangyack empire's reign of terror.
He battles and apparently destroys every Kamen Rider except for Tsukasa Kadoya, Kamen Rider Decade, and the leader of Dai-Shocker, who likewise seemingly destroyed every Ranger except for Joe and Don However, this ultimately turns out to be a ruse, as Marvelous and Tsukasa learned that the villains were planning on joining forces to defeat the Rangers and Riders, and hatched a plan to prevent this.
A man of few words, his cool and serious demeanor offsets his swordsmanship skills, making him the best fighter in the team.
Joe was once a member of the Zangyack's Imperial Special Forces, but when he was instructed to kill a group of captive children on his first mission, he refused and was imprisoned and beaten for attacking his superior officers while having their prisoners escape, only managing to escape thanks to the apparent sacrifice of his friend, senior and mentor, Sid Bamick.
While on the run with a 500,000 bounty on his head, unable to settle in any one place for long due to the tracking collar attached to his neck, Joe was saved from his executioners by Captain Marvelous, whom he vowed to follow after Captain Marvelous managed to get the collar off through painstaking effort.
After discovering that Sid had not died but was extensively modified to become Barizorg and unable to save him to his dismay, Joe realizes he had already found a new family in the form of the Gokaiger crew without realizing it, and decides to let go of his past and finally able to truly move on after defeating Barizorg.
He eventually has his showdown with Barizorg, killing him and finally freeing the soul of his old friend, earning Sid's acknowledgement and finally giving Joe the closure he sought.
Originally a poor, homeless girl, Luka looked after the other orphans with her friend Cain when their planet was under attack by the Zangyack.
From that point on, Luka made a promise to herself that she would create a place where these orphans and many others elsewhere to live in peace, even if it means buying an entire planet to do so.
This has made Luka appreciate the value of money and her methods of gaining it borderline on being greedy, even poking fun at the possibility of turning her crewmates in for the bounty.
After losing her younger sister Lia to an illness, Luka left their planet to obtain funds by stealing from Zangyack warehouses, with examples being Zagins and energy crystals before she got caught.
However, Captain Marvelous and Joe just happened to come by to steal from the empire when she was caught, saving and offering her the chance to make use her skills as their reconnaissance and infiltration expert.
Though she refuses at first, Luka joins the crew after hearing their prize is the Greatest Treasure in the Universe and sees the value in obtaining such a thing worth an entire universe.
Since joining the Gokai Galleon's crew, Luka has acquired a collection of expensive jewelry which the others will sometimes use to exchange for local currency, much to her dismay.
Also, having frequently trained her eyes since childhood by spotting 10 shooting stars before she goes to sleep, Luka has developed acute reflexes in combat, which she uses to make up for her relative lack of physical strength.
Her bounty is initially set at 100,000 but is later raised to 300,000 upon arriving on Earth, then to 750,000 and then 1,500,000.
Because of the way she lost Lia, Luka sees Ahim as a surrogate little sister, constantly concerned over her safety, a far different personality than her normal tough and cheeky personality she has when around the others.
is the cheerful and honest ship mechanic, cook and caretaker who can transform into , his seemingly spineless attitude is actually hiding his true courage which he shows when his friends are in danger.
Don ran a repair store in the middle of nowhere until he met Luka and recognized her from her wanted poster when the girl's crew needed repairs on the Gokai Galleon after a brush with the Zanyack.
He boarded the Gokai Galleon on his own volition later to honor his promise of helping out with the repairs, claiming himself to be a refugee from a Zangyack-conquered world.
Other than fixing the ship, he single-handedly cleaned the filthy living quarters and gave the crew a decent meal before getting on with the needed repairs.
Don's skills in gadgetry, cleaning, and cooking impressed Marvelous immensely, leading Don being shanghaied into the crew while being nicknamed .
During battle, due to having little to no martial prowess, Don relies heavily on stealth and trickery using the environment around him to improvise attacks.
While still a bit of a coward, the Gokaigers' adventures on Earth have made him more confident in himself and able to support his teammates better, to the point where he volunteered to develop a new weapon for the team when his team's current weapons proved inadequate for defeating Shieldon.
Due to his perceived background, the Zangyack Empire see Doc as no true concern on his own and originally set his bounty at a mere 100, but this is later raised to 1,000 and then 5,000 in response to his meddling in their affairs.
Even though his bounty remains puny in comparison to the rest of the crew, he is the only member of the team actually concerned about their increasing value, as it will eventually bring more enemies coming after their heads.
The Gokaiger crew would later learn that he was a legendary hero who disappeared after slaying a planet-eating dragon from a magazine, though it was eventually revealed that it's nothing more than a prank Doc played on the rest of the crew.
When Captain Marvelous was captured and the rest of the Gokai Galleon crew seemingly killed-in-action, Doc decided to live up to the lie he made regardless and formulates a plan to rescue their captain from his execution by making himself a decoy so Damarasu would fail to notice Navi freeing their captain.
After Damarasu's demise, Doc's bounty eventually raises to 300,000 as he is finally seen by the Zangyack as a problem even though he is tied with Gai for the lowest bounty.
The fourth member to join Captain Marvelous, she was the princess of the planet Famille before Zatsurigu of the Zangyack Imperial Guard destroyed her home world and killed her parents for not accepting annexation as threatened to.
She came across the pirates by chance while on the run, asking to join their crew so that she can fight the Zangyack forces and inspire hope to any other survivors from her home world and any other planet the Zangyack wiped out.
Unlike the rest of her crewmates, she was practically useless when she first started out as a pirate due to having no unique utilitarian abilities, having zero martial prowess, constantly making a mess out of chores with her clumsiness, and very slow to catch up to anything.
But unlike most of her more trigger-happy and rude teammates or the otherwise spineless Doc, she usually tries to solve conflicts peacefully.
Due to her royal upbringing, she is also unusually courteous, not only making her the crew's diplomat, but also capable of easing any tension among her teammates, who would constantly bicker among themselves before she arrived due to their rougher personalities.
Due to her time spent training and living with the other pirates, she is now a competent pirate and fully capable of holding her own in a fight, evident when she fends off an armed kidnapper easily and with grace.
She is the most fascinated with many aspects of common Earth culture as, being raised in royalty, she has very little understanding of life outside of her high society lifestyle.
is the only Earthling of the group and a Super Sentai fan who was injured while saving a little girl from being hit by a truck.
Soon after, in a dream, Gai was visited by the ghosts of Mikoto Nakadai (Abare Killer), Time Fire, and Dragon Ranger, as they gave him both the ability to become and access to their respective teams' Great Powers.
He was originally denied by Captain Marvelous to be a part of the crew as he didn't think Gai brought something unique to his crew nor did he feel that Gai knew what it meant to be an enemy of the Zangyack empire.
His enthusiasm and bravery allowed Gai to join the Gokaigers with the vow to use his powers to destroy the Zangyack Empire for good.
Upon joining the Gokaigers, his bounty is initially established at 100,000, later raised to 300,000 due to his role in the death of Warz Gill.
Gai also has a strange power to use his imagination to influence the Ranger Keys, fusing them to create variant keys such as the Go-on Wings Key, the Key with the Gokai Red and Gokai Green Keys, and the Gold Anchor Key with all fifteen sixth hero Ranger Keys.
Through the Gold Anchor Key, Gokai Silver can transform into the armored , increasing his offensive capacity and defense, though the cumbersome armor slows him down considerably.
It does not take long for Gai to prove himself a valuable asset to the team, as not only he is a cook as good as Don and a fighter with skills at par with that of Joe's, but as a Super Sentai fan himself, he has a vast knowledge about the previous teams that his shipmates lack.
One advantage of his knowledge is his ability to differentiate Shiro Akebono from Daigoro Oume (as both characters are played by Kenji Ohba) just by their scents (as, according to him, Oume smells like anpan, while Akebono smells of the Savanna).
As a Super Sentai fan, he has great respect for any past Super Sentai members, to the point of going hysterical when he meets any of them and asking for their autographs.
Although he respects those heroes who came before him, he would not hesitate to talk back at any of them if that means defending what he thinks is right, as well as standing up for his team.
After the death of Akudos Gill and the dissolution of Zangyack Empire, Gai says his goodbye to his friends on Earth and he sets on his journey with the Gokaigers to the homeworld of Zangyack.
is a robotic parrot who originally belonged to Aka Red before serving the Gokaigers in navigating the Gokai Galleon through space to the location of the Greatest Treasure in the Universe, possessing a form of fortune telling called where she flies around before hitting her head and providing cryptic hints on where the Greatest Treasure may be found on Earth.
These hints only lead them to meet members of the previous Super Sentai who help them to unlock the true potential of their Ranger Keys or when they have an imminent important event, like their clash with Basco Ta Jolokia or their encounter with Gai Ikari who unbeknownst to the group at the time is Gokai Silver.
Once Gai joins the crew, his knowledge of previous Super Sentai teams enables him to determine the meanings behind Navi's fortune-telling.
Due to her involvement in helping Captain Marvelous escape from his public execution, Navi has a 50 bounty placed on her by the Zangyack Empire.
The Gokaigers later learn from Basco Ta Jolokia that Navi, being a perpetual machine that requires no observable energy source to function, is actually the gate leading to the Greatest Treasure itself.
During the final battle against the Zangyack, Navi pilots the Free Joker to shield the Gokaigers from Zangyack fleet's attack as Marvelous and Gai takes their ride into the Free Joker, reaching and crashing the Gigant Horse.
After Emperor Akudos Gill's demise, Navi reunites with the crew and later they leave Earth for the new beginning on their journey to the homeworld of Zangyack to find the second Greatest Treasure.
Eventually, after Basco's betrayal, Aka Red gives them to Marvelous to keep safe, learning later with his crew that they will enable to obtain the Greatest Treasure once the Ranger Keys' full power is revealed.
Normally stored in a treasure chest called the , the Ranger Keys are summoned through the Gokai Buckle by a thought-based teleportation system called the Key Road.
When used with a Mobirate, the Ranger Keys fold to form keys which can allow the user to become a Gokaiger or access the powers of one of the previous 34 Sentai groups.
By unlocking the Great Power of the Legend Sentai's Ranger Keys, the Gokaigers can access forms of the previous Super Sentai teams' mecha that power up Gokaioh.
These include the magic spell as the Magirangers, which holds an enemy in place, the as the Carrangers, the as the Shinkengers, a 6-man variation of the Chōriki Dynamite Attack as the Ohrangers, the as the Timerangers, and a Jet Phoenix-style attack as the Jetmen.
In the Gokaigers' final battle, it is revealed that they can access the Super Modes of the various Super Sentai teams such as the Shinkengers' Hyper Mode and the Dekarangers' SWAT Mode.
While the Gokaigers can primarily transform into a previous Super Sentai hero of their color, the Gokaigers can use a Ranger Key of any color.
For example, when the Gokaigers transform into the Gaorangers, Gokai Green transforms into Gao Black and Gokai Pink transforms into Gao White.
If the gender of the original hero is different, the Gokaiger's transformed suit will match the style used by their gender (save for Sun Vulcan, where the female style of a suit had to be created due to the lack of female members).
For example, when Gokai Blue and Gokai Yellow transform into Magi Blue and Magi Yellow, respectively, in episodes 1 and 3, the Magi Blue suit is in the male Magiranger style and the Magi Yellow suit in the female style.
By the time they arrived on Earth, the Gokaigers already had all of the Ranger Keys pertaining to the core members of each past Super Sentai team (three for Sun Vulcan, four for Abaranger and five for each remaining team), but did not know that many teams had extra members besides the main ones.
But for reasons unknown, Gai's imagination has powerful effects on the Ranger Keys, initially allowing him to merge the Go-on Gold and Go-on Silver Keys into the singular , allowing him to transform into a hybridized version of the Go-on Wings (with his right side Go-on Gold and his left Go-on Silver), and then merging all of his Ranger Keys into the , allowing him to access Gold Mode.
Gai also at one point fused the keys of Gokai Red and Gokai Green to make a new Ranger called Gokai Christmas.
However, Basco had ten more Ranger Keys in his possession, each representing warriors who are indirect members of the previous Super Sentai teams (ex.
When these Ranger Key summons are defeated in battle against the Gokaigers, Basco has Sally retrieve them before the Gokaigers can take them back.
Then later the remaining Ranger Keys are retrieved by Gokai Silver after all of the supporting warriors that Basco summoned are all defeated by the Gokaigers using the Ohrangers' Great Power, the Ohre Bazooka, and Goujyujin's finisher before Sally could get them.
This occurs when the Goseigers steal their keys from the Gokaigers during the latter team's battle with the Zangyack Empire and when Ahim lends the Hurricanegers their Ranger Keys in episode 26.
Past warriors are also able to transfer their team's Great Power into a Ranger Key; for example, in episode 20, after Gokai Silver defeats Black Knight and reverts it into a Ranger Key, Hyuuga transfers the Gingamen's Great Power into it.
It only requires one member of a team to transfer a team's Great Power and once they transfer their power, everyone else on their team loses their powers, a strategy implemented by Ohrangers Momo Maruo and Goro Hoshino to get their powers away from Basco.
In episode 28, Gai Yuki returns to Earth as a ghost who cannot be seen by human eyes, but can still change into Black Condor and fight a squadron of Gormin Sailors - even with the Gokaigers holding his Ranger Key.
Emiri Sanjyo (née Imanaka) had made her own Ranger Key for her one-time identity as Abare Pink, which she gives to Ahim.
As Ninjaman explains in episode 45, the Three God Generals put him in a jar for ten years as punishment for going overboard while trying to rescue a little girl from rampaging zoo animals, and thus was unable to participate in the Legend War.
Datas fought along with the other giant robots to fight the first Zangyack fleet as Datas Hyper and ended up unable to fight along with the Super Sentai.
Gunmazin may have also fought as a giant, however due to the fact that he has to serve whoever holds his key (good, neutral, or evil), he may not have participated in the war at all.
Zubaan was able to survive the giant battle and went on to participate in the war in normal size, thus having his own Ranger Key.
In episode 40, the Gokaigers use the Time Yellow key to enable Goujyu Drill to travel back to the year 2010.
After the final battle against Zangyack Emperor Akudos Gill, the Gokaigers send all of the Ranger Keys, along with the Great Powers, back to their respective owners, leaving them left with their own Ranger Keys.
By unlocking the of a previous team's Ranger Keys, the Gokaigers can access special powers, often activated with Gokaioh, based on the previous Super Sentai teams' mecha or special powers that power up Gokaioh, through gaining approvals from a member of the past Super Sentai teams.
After discovering their own Great Power during their battle with Warz Gill, the Gokaigers obtain all of the remaining Great Powers except for five (Sun Vulcan, Changeman, Flashman, Maskman, and Fiveman) that are in Basco's possession.
After Zangyack Empire's fall, the Gokaigers decide to return the Great Powers inside the Ranger Keys to the respective previous teams.
The is a small golden pyramid-shaped object which the speaks through, as the Treasure was hidden in the center of the Earth which can only be accessed with Navi and the Greater Powers of all 34 previous Super Sentai.
It is revealed to grant the ability to freely change the universe in any way the user wishes, inspiring the Gokai Galleon crew to wish for a universe where the Zangyack never existed.
However, to grant a wish, the Great Powers must be sacrificed and all previous Super Sentai teams will be erased from existence once the wish is fulfilled.
Conflicted between their desires and the sacrifice of their predecessors, the Gokaigers decided that to sacrifice the dreams that the Super Sentai represent would be unfair to the world and decide to destroy the treasure, Gai pulling the trigger to do so, opting to confront the Zangyack Empire with their own strength.
The Will of the Planet is voiced by , who also narrates the show and does the voice of the Gokaigers' equipment.
is a giant robot that the Gokai Galleon becomes when it releases the Gokai Machines to form its limbs, the vessel's bridge having five ship's wheels for the Gokaigers called the .
In keeping with the pirate theme, Gokaioh's head is designed with a red dome that resembles a bandanna while its headgear is shaped like a pirate hat.
Its finisher is the where the on Gokaioh's back spins and the hatches on each limb opens up, revealing several cannonballs which are then fired out of the Gokai Hō.
In the final battle against the Zangyack Empire, Gokaioh is damaged by the sheer firepower of the Gigant Horse but was repaired in the aftermath.
is Gokai Silver's personal giant robot that combines the Great Powers of the Abaranger Keys, the Zyuranger Keys, and the Timeranger Keys.
Goujyujin is normally in its Time Jet-like mode, summoned from the Provider Base in 3000 AD to the present with the Time Fire Key and is equipped with the .
Once the Dragon Ranger Key is used, the mecha assumes the Guardian Beast Tyrannosaurus-like mode which can use its tail drill called the as a weapon and fires the from its mouth.
Once the Abare Killer Key is used to assume its AbarenOh-like robot mode, Goujyujin can use change its right arm from to either for defense or for slashing attacks.
Goujyujin's finisher is the where Goujyujin splits into its three modes before re-merging at the drill tip to land the threefold drill attack when all three Ranger Keys are used.
Zangyack's forces are a race of aliens who have conquered and destroyed untold numbers of planets across the galaxy and plan to invade Earth for their emperor Akudos Gill.
The second, current, invasion is being overseen by the emperor's son Warz Gill from his chariot-like flagship , stationed between Earth and its moon, with an armada at his command.
A month after Akudos Gill's death as well as the destruction of the majority of their military forces, which were mobilized to Earth, the Zangyack Empire begins to dissolve with its universal reign coming to an end.
However, little they knew that both Marvelous and Tsukasa had seen their plan all along and were actually pretending to be enemies until both organizations expose themselves, when they join the other Sentai and Riders to take down both.
After his first Earth invasion was destroyed by first thirty-four Super Sentai teams, Akudos sends Warz with a second invasion force.
However, though the Super Sentai teams were no longer a threat by then, Akudos sent Damarasu to oversee Warz's actions out of a lack of confidence in his son's abilities.
But after seeing the Gokaigers destroy Damarasu, he decides to halt the invasion and refocus his full attention on the pirates by calling all Zangyack forces to Earth.
Once his forces are gathered, using Insarn to weaken the Gokaigers, Akudos proceeds to send the entire fleet down to Earth with the intent of killing the pirates and executing planetary genocide.
With his only heir and the majority of his military force all dead, the remaining branches of the Zangyack Empire across the universe begin to splinter and dissolve.
Once his true colors are revealed, Akudos is enlarged by the Gigant Horse and fights Go-Buster Oh with his son before being destroyed by the forming Big Machine.
is the young commander of the Zangyack invasion forces who is Emperor Akudos Gill's son, thus attempting to earn his father's respect while showing himself as one of elite status and not the idiotic brat that he and the royal court see him to be.
This intent to prove himself gave Warz a paranoid attitude, making him frequently hysterical when his missions are failures and reacting to them by covering his tracks and lashing out at the Gormin.
Warz Gill is also known to be petty, knowing if a stack of cash is lacking any notes just by weighing with his hands, so precise to the point where he would know even if just one note is lacking.
Eventually, Warz learns of the Greatest Treasure the Gokaigers are looking for and believes it to be of little consequence, to the point of ignoring it to Damarasu's dismay.
However, after an invasion he personally oversees is called off by his followers after a stray shot from Gokai Red wounds his left arm, a furious Warz vows to kill the Gokaigers with extreme prejudice for his injury.
Eventually, when the Zangyack's strongest war machine Great Warz is given to his crew, Warz decides to make his move to prove himself capable of conquering Earth and easily defeats Goujyu Gokaioh.
he praises Marvelous as the leader of Dai Zangyack but Marvelous insults him by saying Warz Gill could have defeated the Gokaiger if he wasn't such an idiot, which dismays Warz Gill.
However, once his true colors are revealed, Warz is enlarged by the Gigant Horse and fights Go-Buster Oh with his father before he is grabbed by the forming Big Machine and crushed to death.
As the last living relative of his uncle Akudos Gill, Bacchus is bent on restoring the Zangyack Empire to its former glory, enlisting the aid of the Vaglass in search of phantom Ranger Keys and gain the Grandest Power in the Universe.
Ultimately, after drinking his sake to enlarge himself, Bacchus ends up being destroyed by Go-Buster Lioh and Gokaioh as Gao Icarus and DaiBouken.
He carries the whose blade he energizes to execute powerful attacks and has concealed the , machinegun arms, under his cape.
He is ordered to accompany Warz Gill by Akudos Gill and assist him as his second in command, questioning his decisions if he feels that he needs to.
Unlike the others, Damarasu expresses curiosity on why the Gokaigers are even on Earth and uses the Sneak Brothers to learn the pirates' intentions on Earth and also hires Basco Ta Jolokia to take out the Gokaigers.
However, though he believes crippling the Gokaigers' chances of unlocking their Ranger Keys should be a priority, his suggestion is ignored.
Despite his attempts to convince Warz not to pilot the Great Warz before Kanzen Gokaioh destroys it, Damarasu ends up recovering the prince's corpse from the wreckage.
Soon being relieved of his position and sent to the brig by Akudos Gill for failing to protect Warz as commanded, Damarasu is given a chance to redeem himself by personally executing Captain Marvelous.
Though Damarasu overpowers the remaining Gokaigers and captures Captain Marvelous, a combination of Doc's rescue attempt and Basco's treachery leaves Damarasu wounded as he battles the Gokaigers.
She supplies the Action Commanders under Warz with powerful weapons and modifications and able to fight with an energy whip from her tool and poisoned missiles build in her armors.
She rarely appears on Earth save when she falls in love with Kyousuke Jinnai and causes a series of bizarre events that end with her love redirected to Action Commander Jerashid until his defeat by Shinken Gokaioh and asked for him to be jettisoned.
She seems to be popular with the male Action Commanders as even Action Commander Satorakura Jr. asked her to marry him when his mission was complete to which she bluntly refused.
Later, after finding that she has no place in the Zangyack, Insarn decides to go after the Gokaigers in the Great Insarn to prove her worth to Akudos.
Forced to eject when her robot is destroyed, Insarn battles the Gokaigers before being hit by the Gokai Galleon Buster's Rising Strike.
However, when he committed treason against the Zangyack by freeing the imprisoned Joe and covering his escape, Sid was converted by the Zangyack scientist Zaien into his current form with his pre-cyborg memories and personality erased save for his swordsmanship.
After Barizorg's death, Sid appears to Joe in spirit, acknowledging and commending Joe for his efforts in both saving his (Sid's) soul and chasing after his own dream, which finally gives Joe closure.
After repairing Karizorg and testing her fusion on him and a cat, managing to appease the fusion's feline nature before reversing the process, Insarn fuses Karizorg with a Zugormin to form to overpower the Gokai Red-Silver fusion, only her creation to be destroyed by Gokai Red Gold Mode before taking her gun to return to normal.
Though having the upper hand at first, Dairando is mortally wounded by the Gokaigers when distracted by seeing the armada being wiped out before being destroyed by the Gokai Galleon Buster's Rising Strike.
They can transform into jet fighter configurations that link up into a hovercraft for an Action Commander to ride on, and can reconfigure their lower bodies into motorcycle forms.
Although the Gokaigers were utterly overpowered by them when first encountered, they managed to defeat them, and were able to defeat them easily in subsequent encounters.
Some Action Commanders are related to villains from the previous antagonist groups that the past 34 Sentai groups fought, while some of them are successors to the defeated villains.
He and the Space Empire Zangyack battle the Gokaigers, but his ultimate goal is to obtain the Greatest Treasure in the Universe by obtaining the 34 Great Powers.
Basco Ta Jolokia is an overconfident privateer hired by the Zangyack Empire whose code of conduct is to discard something of lesser value to gain something more valuable, a means to an end to put it simply.
As the Gokai Galleon's cook, Basco befriended Marvelous, whom he affectionately calls , as they gather the Ranger Keys before learning the truth behind Aka Red and his intentions for the Ranger Keys.
Soon after, Basco betrays his comrades to the Zangyack in order to get the Ranger Keys and the Greatest Treasure for himself.
Though he lost the Gokai Treanger Box to his former shipmate, Basco managed to get the of Super Sentai's sixth members (which include heroes such as Dragon Ranger, Abare Killer, the Go-on Wings, and Gosei Knight).
Arriving to the Earth on his ship the after being contacted by Damarasu, Basco uses his Ranger Keys in a scheme to kidnap Captain Marvelous's crew, holding them at ransom to get the remaining Ranger Keys.
But the plan backfires as Captain Marvelous and his crew are able to defeat and claim the sixth hero Ranger Keys.
While hunting down Hyuuga in the Ginga Forest, Basco reveals that he also has the Ranger Keys of the Sentai teams' supporting warriors (including Signalman, Zuuban, Rio, and Princess Shinken Red).
He fails to acquire the Great Power of the Gingaman and GoGoFive teams, later losing his remaining Ranger Keys to the Gokaigers in his attempt to get the Great Power of the Ohrangers.
In retaliation, Basco reveals his true form that soundly defeats the Gokaigers while revealing that he already has the Great Powers of the Changemen, Flashmen, and Maskmen.
He lets the defeated Gokaigers live so that they can keep collecting the remaining Great Powers, as he intends to take the powers for his own when the time comes.
This action, however, forces Basco to help Damarasu wipe out the Gokaigers so he would be spared from execution for his indirect role in Warz Gil's death.
However, having obtained the Great Powers of Sun Vulcan and the Fivemen, Basco needs the Gokaigers alive to obtain the last remaining Great Powers and the ones they already have.
But once his part in their survival is revealed, Basco literally stabs Damarasu in the back with the intent of cutting his ties with the Zangyack while leaving the weakened officer to die at the Gokaigers' hands.
Soon after, Basco feeds the Gokaigers information they need to rescue Space Sheriff Gavan as part of an attempt to lure them away from the Gokai Galleon.
Before leaving, Basco hits Sally on top of her head for being distracted with food(which Yoko gave her bananas and a cantaloupe to eat) and not assisting him.
Shortly thereafter, after watching as the Gokaigers gain the Great Power of the Kakurangers, Basco finally makes his move to take the Great Powers from them as the Gokai Galleon crew intends to recover the five stolen powers.
After losing his last Giant Lifeforms, he injures Sally on purpose so she could be taken in by the Gokaigers and steal the Ranger Keys.
Even though Sally had a change of heart and joined Captain Marvelous' side, Basco reveals the bomb he planted on the monkey, killing his former sidekick while gravely injuring Captain Marvelous.
Though he attempts to waver Captain Marvelous's conviction with the truth about Aka Red, Basco admits to being impressed that his former shipmate is still determined to the point of acknowledging him as they begin their final battle.
The epic duel ends when Gokai Red pins them both down by stepping on Basco's foot and then stabbing their feet together, so the two can land death blows on each other at point-blank range.
Realizing that killing Sally had been his own undoing, Basco collapses with a last smug smile and dissolves into a red mist.
In addition to serving as a bodyguard and servant to Basco, Sally is able to open up a hatch on her belly to produce Giant Battle Pseudo-Lifeform.
The ability itself makes Sally of actual use to Basco, protecting the monkey from Gokai Red and Gokai Silver's finishing attacks during the visit to Moroboshi High School.
After Basco betrays Damarasu during the failed execution of Captain Marvelous, the Zangyack Empire imposes a 50 bounty on Sally due to her association with the ex-privateer.
After Basco loses his last Giant Lifefoms, he arranges for Sally to steal the Gokai Treanger Box by shooting her to play on Captain Marvelous's sympathy.
But as her injuries are treated on board the Gokai Galleon, Sally is touched by the pirates' kindness and starts to doubt Basco but brings what she believes to be the intended chest to him anyway.
However, once Sally is close to Captain Marvelous, Basco reveals that he had a necklace-type bomb planted on Sally as a fail-safe and triggers it.
But Sally, in a final act of redemption, stores the explosive in her hatch to contain the blast as it destroys her instantly.
This act not only minimizes the intended injury on Captain Marvelous, but indirectly saved Marvelous' life in the latter's duel with Basco as Basco's final shot is blocked by a piece of Sally's necklace.
Other than his cutlass and the gun, Basco uses a trumpet-like device called the that enables him to not only conjure Ranger Keys in his possession to fight and run errands for him at the risk of losing them, but mainly used to forcefully rob Great Powers still dormant within any past Sentai warrior.
In addition, Basco carries a gold-colored Mobilate, which bears his personal symbol instead of that of the Gokaigers with the keyhole sealed shut.
Though the Great Powers he obtained are materialized into orbs with the teams' symbols on them, Basco infuses them into their respective Ranger Keys so he can fully use them before losing them to the Gokaigers.
Reputation Stadium Tour Surprise Song Playlist (stylized as reputation Stadium Tour Surprise Song Playlist) is the first compilation album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.
Abaïna Louis (born 29 November 2001) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a forward for AS Tigresses and the Haiti women's national team.
Louis has appeared for the Haiti women's national team, including in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship against the United States on 28 January 2020.
She came on as a substitute in the 88th minute for Roseline Éloissaint, with the match finishing as a 0–4 loss.
In the 1990s, Teebone together with DJ Dextrous produced under a number of aliases including Fusion Forum and Regulators, releasing jungle and drum and bass records.
Quarter minus is mostly used as filler aggregate for bigger aggregate, empty space between two different sized aggregate, vehicle parking grade, and landscape surfaces.
A positive of using quarter minus as a landscape aggregate is that it does not provide a home for pests and does not decompose like other landscape aggregates like wood-chips, for example.
He earned a bachelor's degree in 1982, a master's degree in 1990, and a doctor's degree in 1993, all from Xidian University.
William Carter Knaak (born September 23, 1984 in Austin, Texas) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist who has served as a sideman in several bands, produced his own albums as a solo artist and frontman, and is the lead guitarist in the alternative rock band Blue October.
His father played piano and fronted his own band Mad Knaak and the Revolution, and also briefly played keyboard in The 13th Floor Elevators.
Upon losing their home, Will and his father and brother moved into an apartment in a different neighborhood away from his friends.
Mourning the loss of his mother, Will isolated himself in his room and played guitar for several hours every day, learning songs by his favorite bands such as Tripping Daisy, Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Offspring.
Will’s uncle introduced him to the music of Chuck Berry’s rock ‘n’ roll and country greats such as Waylon Jennings, Merle Haggard, and Willie Nelson, contributing to Will’s unique blend of alternative rock and country guitar playing style.
After a performance at the Spoke, performer Guitar Lynn taught Will the blues scale on guitar and suggested he could use this knowledge to solo with blues bands on nearly any song.
As a twelve-year-old, Will soon found himself sitting in at gigs with local players such as Charlie and Will Sexton, Doug Sahm, and Paul Ray of the Cobras.
At age thirteen, Will joined the kid band RedHeaded Stepchild along with future Snarky Puppy guitarist Chris McQueen and other classmates.
Will graduated from Natural Ear Music School in Austin where his teachers included the legendary fiddler Alvin Crow and Texas Music Hall of Famer Johnny X Reed who both quickly invited him to play as sideman at their gigs, and immersed him into the deep history of the Austin blues scene in addition to adding the influences of 50s R&B and surf rock to Knaak’s playing.
After a year of playing weekly concerts with Reed’s band The Nortons, and Crow’s band The Pleasant Valley Boys, at age sixteen Will was fronting his own band, Knaak Attack, with bassist Silas Parker and drummer Vincent Ambrosone.
Producer David Dickinson caught one of their shows and offered to produce an album for the group, which they sold on CD-Rs at their shows throughout their formative years.
When Will was fifteen, the mayor of Austin, Kirk Watson, declared May 24, 2000 as Will Knaak Day, which culimated in Will headlining an outdoor concert in front of five thousand fans at Auditorium Shores.
He credits this moment as the point when he fully committed himself to pursuing a career in music and never looked back.
He played national tours with acts such as Angela Peterson, Johnny Solinger of Skid Row, and Wade Bowen and Randy Rogers.
Working with Lance Harvill as producer, the band consisted of Chris Gilbreath on rhythm guitar, Keith Long on bass, and Michael Ferguson on drums.
In December 2016 Will’s former teenage band The Knaak Attack played a reunion show and enjoyed the experience so much that they went into the studio and recorded an album, independently releasing it in May 2017.
Along with Noveskey and Blue October’s drum technician Charley Seiss, Will is also a member of the Ryan Delahoussaye-fronted side project The Meeting Place, which played their first shows in August 2019.
The original organization had thirty-two charter members and Mrs. Annie Smith Ross from the Carnegie Library in Charlotte was the association's first president.
The American Library Association decided to only allow one library association chapter per state, and as a result NCLA agreed to admit black members in 1954 and the two associations merged in 1955.
Upon the discovery of her body, the press deemed her death mysterious, though law enforcement suggested it appeared to have been due to natural causes.
1910 census records and some news articles indicate she was born in Portland, though the 1885 U.S. Census notes that she was born in Nebraska, where she was residing in Thayer with her family at age 2.
She became interested in acting at a young age, and relocated to San Francisco to study dramatic art in her teenage years.
Kern's elder brother, Albert E. Kern, later became the president of the First National Bank in Portland, as well as in Madras, Oregon.
During a performance at the Moore Theatre in Seattle in January 1908, Kern was physically assaulted by co-star Ruby Bridges, who punched her in the face at the performance's conclusion.
Bridges, who claimed Kern had been ridiculing her from offstage, pleaded guilty to assault and was fined $25 for the crime.
Kern was found dead of apparent natural causes in a residential hotel at 24 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan on June 5, 1928.
Her remains were cremated by Fresh Pond Crematory in Queens, and she was interred at Rose City Cemetery in her hometown of Portland, Oregon.
She was the highest-ranking woman at the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), when she served as deputy regional administrator from 1962 to 1964, and from 1966 to 1971.
She was the highest-ranking woman at the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), when she served as deputy regional administrator from 1962 to 1964, and from 1966 to 1971 covering the New York and New England regions.
In 1968, she was named the Seagram Vanguard Society Award winner, and Woman of the Year by the National Urban League.
ACES Coders is an algorithmic programming competition in Sri Lanka organized by the Association of Computer Engineering Students (ACES) of the Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya.
ACES Coders commenced in 2011, as a training event for computer engineering students to improve their efficiency and accuracy to participate in similar online competitions such as IEEEXtreme and ACM ICPC.
With the increase in popularity it is now organized on an annual basis and today it is one of the largest coding competitions that attracts participants from the universities and higher education institutions all over the country.
The event usually lasts for 12 hours where the contestants are given a set of problems to solve using programming and problem-solving skills.
The cash prizes have grown in size with years and the 2019 event came with a 150,000 LKR total split between the top 3 teams.
The cave is unique because in addition to stone tools, there were also bone tools, remains of extinct animals, and organic matter found in the cave.
There was an initial study of the site due to the paleontological remains, but a 1995 discovery found evidence of human occupation of the cave.
Kenneth Tankersley of Kent State University led the excavation of the site, with his colleagues and the support of the National Science Foundation, beginning about 1997 and for about three years.
Rare bone spear points, a flint hide-scraper, and a fluted spear point were found in the cave, radiocarbon dated to 11,000 and 12,000 years ago.
Along with the artifacts were remains of the now-extinct Late Pleistocene epoch animals, including the giant short-faced bear, stag moose, flat-headed peccary, and the giant beaver.
Because well-preserved material from the Paleo-Indian period is unique in the eastern United States, little is know about how Paleo-Indians lived.
This site is important to understanding how early humans lived in Ohio and how that compares to other early people who crossed the Bering Strait to enter the Americas.
Kent State University archaeology professor Ken Tankersley found that people occupied the cave about 11,500 years ago, at a time where there was significant climate and environmental change.
Other Paleo-Indian sites in Ohio include Paleo Crossing Site in Medina County, Nobles Pond Site in Stark County, and the Welling Site in Coshocton County.
Pauline Kahurangi Yearbury (née Blomfield; 31 December 1926 – 27 May 1977) was a New Zealand Māori artist of Ngāpuhi iwi.
She is considered a leading practitioner in Māori modernist art, and her work is held by the Whangarei Museum, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki and Russell Museum.
One of her largest murals was created in collaboration with her husband Jim - a nine-metre-long depiction of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi for Waitangi Hotel in 1964.
From 1966 to 1977 the couple also ran an art studio in the town, which displayed and sold the couple's wood panels of legendary Māori figures – these were designed by Yearbury and incised and coloured by her husband.
Yearbury's work was part of the First Māori Festival of the Arts held in 1963 at Ngaruawahia, and was also part of the exhibition New Zealand Māori Culture and the Contemporary Scene held at Canterbury Museum in 1966; this exhibition was the first major exhibition of Māori art in a significant museum in New Zealand.
The Department of External Affairs later funded the exhibition to tour to Sydney, Apia, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Tokyo.
Charida (also referred to as Chorida, Chorda) is a village in the Baghmundi CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Chorda had a total population of 2,568, of which 1,353 (53%) were males and 1,215 (47%) were females.
It involves five elaborate processes and depending on the intricacies involved it takes two to seven days to complete a mask.
Traditionally, only people of lower castes were involved in mask making but the growing demand of the item is drawing in people from all castes into this profession.
The upper leaf hairs are spreading or flattened then becoming silky, short and somewhat less twisted, upper leaf surface smooth or with shorter hairs.
The 6-20 compact, green-yellow or sometimes reddish, female or bi-sexual flowers are a floral tube long and flaring at the tips, usually hairy and appear in heads at the end of branches or in leaf axils.
The flower bracts may be absent or not conspicuous, the style long, sometimes shorter in female flowers and the pedicels hairy.
Curved rice-flower is a widespread species, it grows on the coast and adjacent ranges in New South Wales in woodland usually on clay and shale soils.
Orton Bradley Park is a forest park of some with its entrance close to the south shore of Lyttelton Harbour in New Zealand.
It is managed as a not-for-profit private enterprise with a board of governors appointed by local communities and a chair appointed by the Government of New Zealand.
Rev Reginald Robert Bradley, who had arrived from Kirkby Stephen in England bought the Moore estate and added further land so by 1866 he possessed some 1600 acres.
He planted a wide range of native and exotic trees to try and determine the types of trees that would thrive in the dry maritime conditions of the Banks Peninsula.
Many of the trees remain, including some specimens of Eucalyptus lining the entrance drive, some of which are reputed to be amongst the largest in New Zealand.
Bradley died in 1943 when the whole area, which at that time amounted to 1612 acres 2 roods 29 perches, was passed to a trust for the land to be used for the benefit of the people of New Zealand, but which also allowed two cousins, Alec and Roy Anderson, to retain a financial interest until their deaths.
The trust at that time consisted of a number of mayors of nearby local authorities, the curator of Christchurch Botanic Gardens, the chairman of the Automobile Association of Canterbury and the president of the Canterbury Horticultural Society.
In 1972 the trust membership was updated by a New Zealand law to reflect the changes in local authorities and the changing socio-economic status of the area, with the new chair appointed by the Governor General of New Zealand.
The park is open to the public throughout the year and it provides a wide range of walks including a substantial part of one of the ascents of Mount Herbert.
A number of listed buildings remain on the site including a flax mill and leat, barns a cafe and reputedly the oldest stone building in Canterbury.
Mingalaba was adopted as a Burmese greeting some decades ago since there was no such kind of formal greeting in Burmese.
Shalom World is a 24 hours English channel that broadcasts media about spiritual and religious programs related to the catholic faith.
Shalom world is run by a catholic not for profit ministry called Shalom World Ministries that is based in Kerala, India.
The film stars Lee Byung-hun, Lee Sung-min, Kwak Do-won, and Lee Hee-jun as the high ranking officials of the Korean government and the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) during the presidency of Park Chung-hee 40 days before his assassination in 1979.
The Client is portrayed by German film director, screenwriter, and actor Werner Herzog, who was recruited for the part by series creator and showrunner Jon Favreau.
Almost no details are provided about the Client's backstory, except is loyal to the remnant of the former Galactic Empire, which by this time has fallen from power after losing its war against the Rebel Alliance.
When the Mandalorian asks for work, Greef informs him that the Client is offering a mysterious, high-paying assignment, but will only meet with bounty hunters in person to discuss it on the planet Nevarro.
A number of Imperial stormtroopers are present for the Mandalorian's meeting with the Client, during which the Client informs the bounty hunter than the target is an unnamed individual who is 50 years old.
The Client says he would prefer the Child be delivered to him alive, but that he is willing to pay a smaller amount for proof of termination.
As a down payment, the Client gives the Mandalorian a piece of Beskar, the type of steel used to create the bounty hunter's distinctive and extremely strong body armor.
After collecting his payment, the Mandalorian asks what the Client plans to do with the Child, but the Client refuses to answer and curtly reminds the Mandalorian that the Bounty Hunters' Guild forbids such questions.
The Mandalorian later returns to rescue the Child, killing all of the stormtroopers present and successfully fleeing hte planet with the Child.
By this time, the Client had reinforced Nevarro with more stormtroopers, which had made it more difficult for the Bounty Hunters' Guild to operate there.
As a result, Greef Karga arranges for the Mandalorian to return so they can kill the Client and his troops and eliminate the Imperial presence from the planet.
The offer is a trap, and Kreef plans to ambush and kill the Mandalorian and return the Child to the Client, but Greef later has a change of heart and switches his allegiance to the Mandalorian.
They devise a new plan in which Greef and his ally Cara Dune bring the Mandalorian to the Client as if he is a prisoner, after which they would assassinate him.
They arrive for a meeting with the Client in a cantina, bringing along a transport they claim contains the sleeping Child, but is in fact empty.
Moff Gideon asks if the Client has the Child, and when the Client answers affirmatively, Moff Gideon suggests that is not the case.
The Client is obsessed with obtaining the Child, and as time passes over the series gets increasingly anxious about capturing him.
He believes the galaxy has become less peaceful and more chaotic since the fall of the Empire, and that the violence and oppression brought about by Imperial rule are justified by the order that the Empire provides.
The Client's costume includes a medal with the Imperial insignia worn around his neck, further signifying both his reverence for the Empire and his personal history with it.
Favreau and executive producer Dave Filoni shot scenes for the character both with and without the puppet, so they could replace the character with a CGI effect in post-production if the puppet did not look satisfactory.
Robert H. Phinny (1921-2000) is a non-career appointee who served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Swaziland from 1982 until 1984.
Sanford Unger, writing about Ronald Reagan’s poor choices in appointments compared Theodore C. Maino’s appointment to Phinny’s by saying that If Maino knows little about the turbulent politics of the region where he will serve, at least he is familiar with the animals.
That puts him one small step ahead of Robert H. Phinny, 61, President Reagan's unfortunate choice as ambassador to Swaziland, also in southern Africa.
At his own ever so brief confimation hearing last July 15 (attended and conducted by a single senator, Republican Nancy Kassebaum of Kansas), Phinny seemed utterly bewildered about the ancient kingdom to which he was being assigned.
He misstated administration policy on at least one important point, implying support for South Africa's controversial attempt to transfer to Swazi control 2,000 square miles of land and the black people who live on it.
Unger continues by talking about Phinny’s marriage to Sally Gerber of the Gerber baby food company and her mother’s considerable donations to the Republican Party.
On September 4, 2019, Expedition League owner and the Acting Owner for the Hot Shots, Steve Wagner, announced that they would suspend operations for the 2020 season.
Also, the Aberdeen Parks and Recreation Board announced that they would be terminating the contract with the Hot Shots for the use of Fossum Field and its concessions.
After hosting VH1 and Sky sports she returned to her musical roots and signed a singer-songwriter publishing deal with Momentum Music which became part of Universal Music in 2000.
As a songwriter, Guirado worked with members of Echo and the Bunnymen, Super Furry Animals and others in supergroup The Serpents.
Retiring from modeling and reality TV Guirado worked as a A&R screener in 2005 before a chance meeting with businessman Andrew Bently in 2007 led to her becoming the ‘face’ of music web streaming company, LP33 (2007–10) backed by music heavyweights, as well as becoming one of the creators and part of the management team.
As head of artist liaison and development, she was responsible for the initial artist acquisition, development of featured artists, promotions and building relationships with labels and management.
For LP33.tv SXSW channel (the first official web TV channel for SXSW) Guirado took a Brit style look at the music festival, interviewing artists such as White Lies, Pendulum, Ben Jelen and The Proclaimers and rising stars.
Guirado decided to continue as ambassador to her fathers' legacy and with the help of patrons was able to build a team of art professionals to build his reputation.
Forming Guirado Legacy in 2014 she crafted a brand that reflects the philosophy of Guirado’s art, accenting spirituality, sustainability and regard for the planet.
As Creative Director she combines influences from the Mediterranean, boho California and London rock chic for the perfect fusion of art, design, music and fashion to create a luxury experience.
Digitally reworking select paintings with an emphasis on spiritual relevance and nature, she designed exclusive wallpaper and textiles for the Karma Sanctum hotel in Soho London as well as celebrity rockstar clientele.
Kamouraska was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, in a rural area in the Gaspé region.
It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
The electoral district of Kamouraska was in the historic Beauce region, on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence (now the Kamouraska Regional County Municipality and the Chaudière-Appalaches administrative region).
It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
P. Boice Esser (February 23, 1916 – July 23, 1974) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from Westchester's 2nd district from 1959 to 1964.
Jay Del Alma born into a family of diplomats in Brazil was well traveled a lot and had lived in Peru, Paraguay and Puerto Rico.
He an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and currently serving as a professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.
After completing his master's degree in signal circuit and system at Northwestern Polytechnical University, he attended Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications where he obtained his Doctor of Engineering degree in 1990.
Balasuriyage Steven Perera (born 31 March 1924 – died 24 June 1982 as ) [Sinhala]), popularly as B. S. Perera, was an award-winning actor in Sri Lankan cinema and theater as well as a director and singer.
One of the earliest pillars and popular comedy artists ever in Sri Lankan film history, Perera had a career spanned about three decades.
He received his primary education at Maligakanda Government School, Colombo (currently known as Mahinda Maha Vidyalaya, Maligakanda) and later studied at Sangaraja Vidyalaya, Maradana (currently known as Sri Sangaraja Central College, Colombo 10).
The couple had five daughters - elder Sriyani, younger Sriyani, Brinda, Rajathi, Princy - and two sons - Sunil Wesley and Ravindra.
The scooter features a 7-inch touchscreen dashboard, and comes with features like on-board navigation, diagnostics, all-LED lighting, fast charging, reverse parking assist, auto-cancelling indicators, smartphone integration, and cloud connectivity to send and receive data from Ather's servers.
These include a 6kW motor that outputs 8 BHP of power and 26 Nm of torque, higher capacity 2.9 kWh battery, top speed of and overall weight reduction of .
The festival was headlined by Australian psychedelic rock band Tame Impala, American musician Childish Gambino and Australian hip hop group Hilltop Hoods.
They were beaten in the final by Yui Kamiji and Jordanne Whiley, who won their third Australian Open title as a pair and the latter's third as well.
He is a member of the Canadian Paralympic Committee Hall of Fame, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Canadian Cerebral Palsy Sports Hall of Fame.
An accountant by profession, he later moved to Victoria, British Columbia and served as Chief Financial Officer for the Ministry of Healthy Living and Sport and as an Executive Director with the Ministry of Community, Sport and Cultural Development.
Sightless is an upcoming American drama thriller film written and directed by Cooper Karl, based on his 2017 short film of the same name.
After a vicious attack leaves a young woman blind, she must fight back to escape her new reality where no one is who they seem to be.
Dylan Alcott and Heath Davidson were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, defeating Andy Lapthorne and David Wagner in the final, 6–4, 6–3.
From 1954 he was in the Matterhorn Nuclear Fusion Project at Princeton University and subsequently at the University's Plasma Physics Laboratory.
I'll Be Next Door for Christmas is a 2018 American comedy film directed by David Jay Willis and starring Nicole Sullivan, Atticus Shaffer, Jonathan Mangum, Beth Littleford, Regan Burns and Lil Bub.
But Nicky doesn't want to get her family in front of Tanner, so she hires actors to play her parents and arranges a fake Christmas dinner in the empty house next door.
Lieutenant general Patrick Francis Cassidy (22 March 1915 – 5 January 1990) was a United States Army officer who served in World War II.
While serving as commander of the 1st Battalion, 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment in the Battle of Carentan Lieutenant colonel Cassidy was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
In January 1973 he acted as commander of escorts for the memorial service for former President Harry S. Truman at Washington National Cathedral.
Gary Wilton Gates, Jr. is a Texas businessman and a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for House District 28, which is located in Fort Bend County, which is in the southwest Houston metro area.
Saying the district was a bellwether, Democratic Presidential candidates Joe Biden and Elizabeth Warren endorsed Markowitz; and Mike Bloomberg and Julián Castro endorsed Markowitz and block walked for her, attempting to flip the district and defeat Gates.
After the election, the Republicans criticized the Democrats as overplaying their hand in the Gates special election; while the Democrats pointed to unique aspects of the campaign, specifically Gates' ability to self-fund his campaign.
Markowitz was given political donations from Forward Majority for $420,000, Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee for $170,000, and State Representative Celia Israel's Texas House Democrat Campaign Committee of $120,000.
Turnout for the special runoff election was very high and possibly historic since there were over 30,000 voters, a 20 percent turnout which is the highest in Texas since at least 1992.
Gates lives in Richmond, Texas, a suburb of Houston, with his wife, Melissa, and his 13 children, of whom 11 are adopted.
He is a professor at Tsinghua University and formerly served as its director of High Performance Computing Institute between 2000 and 2008.
He was a researcher at Stony Brook University from 1985 to 1986 and then University of Southampton from 1989 to 1991.
The 1902 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1902 college football season.
The album received a nomination for Best Pop Album at the Indigenous Music Awards in 2018, and seven nominations at that year's Edmonton Music Awards.
A paraplegic since the age of one due to polio, she was a grade 12 student at Vancouver's Little Flower Academy at the time which she competed.
According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 2,234, out of 1207 are males and 1027 are females.
The Collins-Nunatak is a small and isolated Nunatak on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of the Princess Elisabeth land in East Arctic.
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee named him in 1968 after Neville Joseph Collins (* 1925), diesel engine mechanic at Mawson Station (1957, 1960) and Wilkes Station, and was involved in the exploration of the Amery Ice Shelf in 1968.
The 1903 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1903 college football season.
Bernard de Give (8 May 1913 – 27 January 2020) was a Belgian priest and writer who served at Scourmont Abbey.
He taught ancient philosophy, ecclesiastical studies, and classical studies at the Pontifical Seminary of Kandy n Sri Lanka for six years.
He then published Greek and Latin textbooks, and became a professor of philosophy at the Faculté SJ d'Eegenhoven-Louvain, then at the Université de Namur.
He granted to the Cistercian nunnery of St. Mary, the lands, tenements and other pertinents of St. Martinsgate and also granted Crumwelstrother to the Abbey of Neubotle.
Episodes of the television series are released on the show's website at the start of the month, up to a month prior to any episode's broadcast date.
Oswald Henry Theodore Rishbeth (né Rischbieth 1886, in Mount Gambier, South Australia – 1946) was an Australian geographer who was Professor and Chair of Geography at the University of Southampton, England.
During World War I, Rishbeth served as an Intelligence Officer in Diplomatic Corps of the British Army, anglicizing his name to Rishbeth.
He was hardly a good teacher but had an excellent style as a lecturer and performed well with the carefully preepared topics which he handled... [he] did well in re-establishing his Department as a new force in the quest for geography.
In 1926, he led a geographic survey of the Hampshire district, and later contributed a study of land utilization in Southampton.
Oswald's uncle was Charles Rischbieth (17 May 1840 – 6 February 1921), a leading businessman in the early days of the colony of South Australia.
Lisa Bobbie Schreiber Hughes (born 1958) is a retired career member of the Senior Foreign Service who was the American Ambassador to Suriname from 2006 until 2009.
Hughes earned a Master of Science Degree in National Security Strategy at the National War College at National Defense University in Washington, DC, a Juris Doctorate from Rutgers School of Law in New Jersey.
She scored twice against Thailand, and another in the 3rd place playoff against China for a total of 3 for the tournament.
Northern Trains (legal Name Northern Trains Limited) is a publicly owned train operating company in England which will commence operating the Northern franchise on 1 March 2020.
It will be operated by the Department for Transport as an operator of last resort, after Arriva was stripped of the previous franchise.
In May 2018 a new timetable was introduced, however rolling stock and crew shortages resulted in widespread delays and cancellations from which the operator never recovered.
In October 2019, Secretary of State for Transport, Grant Shapps, issued a request for proposals to incumbent operator Arriva and the operator of last resort (a consortium of Arup Group, Ernst & Young and SNC-Lavalin Rail & Transit), which would result in termination of the franchise with either Arriva to be awarded a short-term management contract or the operator of last resort to take over.
Northern will take over all of the rolling stock operated by its predecessor, namely Class 142, 144, 150, 153, 155, 156, 158 and 195 diesel multiple units and Class 319, 321, 322, 323, 331 and 333 electric multiple units.
The depot has been adapted from a freight yard at Springs Branch railway sidings in Ince-in-Makerfield and has cost £46 million to convert.
Northern currently has depots for its train crew at Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Blackpool North, Buxton, Carlisle, Darlington (drivers), Doncaster, Harrogate, Huddersfield, Hull, Liverpool Lime Street, Leeds, Manchester Piccadilly, Manchester Victoria, Middlesbrough (conductors), Newcastle, Sheffield, Skipton, Wigan Wallgate, Workington and York.
Digawolf is a Canadian rock music group from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, who record and perform in both English and Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì.
He began his career in music as a member of Northern Band, and released two solo albums, one under his own name and one under the stage name Diga, before forming the band.
After winning the Junior category of the 2018 French Rally Championship, Adrien Fourmaux made his WRC debut at the 2019 Monte Carlo Rally, and surprisingly took his first career point in a Ford Fiesta R5.
He would finish on the podium of the World Rally Championship-2 category at the Monte Carlo Rally and the Wales Rally GB.
Fayaz Tepe, also Fayoz-Tepe, is a Buddhist archaeological site in the Central Asia region of Bactria, in the Termez oasis near the city of Termez in southern Uzbekistan.
The foundations of the site date to the 1st century CE, with a peak of activity around the 3rd and 4th centuries during the Kushan period, before experiencing a fatal decline around the 5th century CE, probably with the invasion of the Kushano-Sassanian, whose coinage can be found at the nearby site of Kara Tepe.
The site of Fayaz Tepe is located a few hundred meters from Kara Tepe, not far from the city of Termez.
From the site were recovered numerous Buddhist frecoes and reliefs, now mostly located in the State Museum of History of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.
Zhou Xianwang (; born November 1963) is a Chinese politician currently serving as mayor of Wuhan, the capital of Central China's Hubei province.
He was secretary of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Committee of the Communist Youth League in January 1994, and held that office until September 1995.
In September 1995 he was promoted to become deputy party chief and magistrate of Xuan'en County, a position he held until April 1998.
He served as vice-mayor of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in April 1998, and four years later promoted to the mayor position.
In February 2008 he was appointed head of Hubei Provincial Department of Commerce and director of Hubei Provincial Foreign Investment Office, he remained in that position until November 2012, when he was transferred to Huangshi and appointed the party chief.
In December 2019, a new coronavirus, designated 2019-nCoV, broke out in Wuhan, local people accused Zhou and his superior Ma Guoqiang of being slow to respond to the epidemic.
On January 27, 2020, in an interview on China's national TV, Zhou acknowledged that the city failed to disclose information on the coronavirus outbreak in a timely way as the central government did not authorize him to announce the information.
Antonella Romano (born 1962) is a French historian of science known for her research on science and the Catholic Church, and in particular on the scientific and mathematical work of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in the Renaissance.
She is a director of studies at the for research in the history of science at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) in Paris, the former director of the center, and a vice-president of EHESS.
She went to Paris-Sorbonne University for her undergraduate studies, earned a master's degree in history and a licence in geography in 1984, and then earned a diplôme d'études approfondies in 1989 at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, studying the scientific contributions of the Jesuits under the supervision of Daniel Roche.
In 1997 she became a researcher at the Alexandre Koyré Centre, and in 2005 she went on leave from the center to take a chair in the history of sciences at the European University Institute in Florence.
In 2013 she returned to the Alexandre Koyré Centre as a director of studies, and in 2014 she became the director of the center.
Martin is a two-time United States Junior Curling Champion, in 2008 on Nina Spatola's team and in 2015 on Cory Christensen's team.
The band consists of singer and guitarist Kris Harper, bassist Matthew Cardinal and drummer Marek Tyler, all members of the Cree nation.
The 1904 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1904 college football season.
Larry C. Williamson (May 16, 1930 Fort Smith, Arkansas – April 11, 2014) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who held concurrent appointments as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe from 1984 until 1987.
Williamson joined the Marine Corps at 17, after graduating from high school, and fought in the Korean War as a lieutenant.
First he went to the University of Louisville on a NROTC (Naval Reserve Officers’ Training Corps) scholarship before the Korean War broke out and he was on active duty.
They defended slavery as a benevolent, paternalistic institution with social and economic benefits, an important bulwark of civilization, and a divine institution similar or superior to the free labor in the North.
But by the 1810s a new rationale arose that began to treat slavery as a positive good while still affirming its economic vitality.
The physical condition of the American Negro is on the whole, not comparatively alone, but positively good, and he is exempt from those racking anxieties—the exacerbates of despair, to which the English manufacturer and peasant are subject to in the pursuit of their pittance.
Slavery drifted from a simple economic system of private slaveholders to a political and philosophical position that portrayed slavery as possessing national importance, providing benefits to the states, including more tax revenue.
Another serious defense of slavery came from economist Thomas Roderick Dew, professor at and then president of the College of William and Mary, who promoted the cogent aspects of slavery after the Virginia House of Burgesses almost passed legislation for the emancipation of slaves in 1832.
On Feb. 1, 1836, Congressman James Henry Hammond from South Carolina spoke on the House floor for two hours about the menace of abolitionism.
He launched an attack on anti-slavery opponents in the North, while defending the social and economic virtues of slavery in the South.
Never before has the black race of Central Africa, from the dawn of history to the present day, attained a condition so civilized and so improved, not only physically, but morally and intellectually… It came to us in a low, degraded, and savage condition, and in the course of a few generations it has grown up under the fostering care of our institutions.
The concept of slavery as a positive good came to the forefront in Calhoun’s February 6, 1837, speech on the US Senate floor.
Greek democracy along with the grandeur of the Roman republic provided Southerners with a perspective that great cultures and slavery were inseparable.
I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a good—a positive good.
Such an assertion was predicated on the virtues of benevolent paternalism, the glory of past civilizations, and the traditions of white supremacy.
In that arrangement, the slaveholder acquired his labor and the slave was given a standard of living far beyond what he could ever hope to achieve on his own.
However, in the case of slaves in the South, Calhoun argued that Negros were receiving special protection under a caring and paternalistic master, and therefore were more fortunate.
The pro-slavery adherents felt compelled to take a hardline stance and engaged in a vehement and growing ideological defense of slavery.
Calhoun believed that the ownership of Negros was a right and an obligation, causing the proslavery intelligentsia to position slavery within paternalistic and social well-being relationships that also required reciprocal duties from the enslaved.
Another aspect of slavery as a positive good motivated Southern white women to offer plantation slaves material goods as well as maternal care to what they considered unfit or feeble-minded Negros.
While engaging in this type of social welfare activity, they attempted to convince plantation slaves that their condition was far better than those of the white or black factory workers in the industrial North.
George Fitzhugh was a slaveholder, a prominent pro-slavery Democrat, and sociological theorist who advanced the argument for slavery as a social-welfare plantation structure that would provide blacks with better care than the free labor in the North.
In later years, Fitzhugh not only supported slavery for blacks, but like other proslavery intellectuals, came to the conclusion that it was also suitable for whiles, if considered unfit.
By the mid-nineteenth century, Democrats had become not only the most ardent defenders of slavery, but the most important institutional supporter of slavery.
Andrew Jackson, who owned throughout his life up to 300 slaves, was the first U.S. President (1829-1837) to be elected from the newly founded Democratic Party.
Bullets for Bandits is a 1942 American western film directed by Wallace W. Fox, starring Wild Bill Elliott, Tex Ritter, and Frank Mitchell.
There is the beginning of a movement among the local homesteaders to drive Katey out, so that her land can be divided.
When Hickok confronts Prince and demands he return the other gambler's money, Prince draws on Hickok, but Hickok is faster and guns down Prince.
In so doing he discerns that Prince had been shot twice, once by Hickok, and another shot which entered his back.
As they ride off, Cannonball lets Hickok know that he thinks he is Prince, and that Prince's mother needs his help in holding off a land grab by Jeter.
As they head to the Katey ranch, Beetle, the man who shot Prince in the back, arrives at Jeter's cabin, where he informs him of the demise of the Katey heir.
With what he feels his final roadblock taken care of, Jeter rides off and gets a court order appointing him as Queen's guardian.
However, when he arrives at the Katey ranch to serve the order, he is dumbfounded to find Prince (he assumes) alive and well.
They tell him that it was Queen who burned down their house, in an attempt to drive them out of the county.
As he is having dinner with the Browns, Jeter arrives and tells Tex that the man who killed Prince is posing as him at the Katey ranch.
At the ranch, Queen realizes that Hickok is not Prince, and tells him that it has been Jeter who has been terrorizing the local homesteaders, including the arson at the Brown ranch, and blaming his actions on Queen.
When Tex arrives, he asks Hickok to turn himself in, which Hickok agrees to do, just later at the Brown's ranch.
Initially he thinks it was Hickok who fired the shot, but when he sees that Hickok is free of soot, which would have been present if he had been hiding at the Brown's ranch to waylay him, he realizes that it wasn't Hickok.
Hickok and Queen manage to gain the ranchhouse, where they manage to hold off Jeter and his gang until Cannonball returns with Tex and Dakota.
Foreign electoral district of Ukraine — electoral district, which unites electoral precincts, that are situated outside the territory of Ukraine, and which comprises all polling station located inside embassies and consulates of Ukraine and inside military bases abroad, where there are Ukrainian peacekeeping contingents (Kosovo and DR Congo).
Polling station on ships under the flag of Ukraine, which are being deployed in the day of voting, and the polling station at Vernadsky Research Base in Antarctica, despite actually being outside the territory of Ukraine, are included into usual electoral districts on the territory of Ukraine.
A polling station on a ship is included in the district where its port of registry is located, and the polling station at the polar station is included in the district #223 (Kyiv, Shevchenkivskyi District) where the headquarters of the National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine are located.
Among diplomatic missions of Ukraine there are not only embassies and consulates, but also missions to international organizations and honorary consulates, but there are no polling stations in them.
Apart from embassies and consulates, there is a polling station at the Branch office of the Embassy of Ukraine in Argentina, which is located in the city of Santiago, Chile.
Any citizen of Ukraine without criminal record can apply to be a member of precinct election commission in the Foreign electoral district, with exception to candidates and their representatives, governments officials, including staff of diplomatic missions.
However, in April 2012 Constitutional Court of Ukraine recognized this innovation unconstitutional on a basis that adding foreign polling stations to electoral districts in Kyiv impedes the full reflection of the will of voters who live in Kyiv, so later the Foreign electoral district was brought back to the law.
As of the day of voting in the first round of 2019 Ukrainian presidential election, there were 552,357 eligible voters (around 1.55% of all eligible voters) in the Foreign electoral district, of them 268 were on the military base in Goma, DR Congo, and 42 on military base in Novo Selo, Kosovo.
As of the day of voting of 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, there were 102 polling stations in 72 countries of the World, including 5 in Germany, 4 in the United States, Poland and Italy, and 3 in Canada, Spain, Turkey and China.
The Consulate-general of Ukraine in Milan is the only place in the Foreign electoral district where there are two polling stations.
Also, there is an opinion that only a small portion of Ukrainian citizens abroad are included in the lists of voters in Foreign electoral district, due to quite complicated procedure of applying for consular registration and due to many Ukrainians hiding the fact of their staying abroad from Ukrainian authorities.
Also, to vote in the Foreign electoral district, a person has to visit an embassy or consulate twice: once to register and once to vote.
Electoral process on the Foreign electoral district differs from that in the electoral districts on the territory of Ukraine in many ways.
In 2018 the Central Election Commission, on the submission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, decided to close all Ukrainian polling stations on the territory of Russia, namely in the embassy in Moscow and in consulates in Saint-Petersburg, Rostov-na-Donu, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk.
North Caucasian and Southern federal districts of Russia were included into the electoral precinct of the Embassy of Ukraine in Georgia, the rest of European Russia into precinct of Embassy of Ukraine in Finland, Asian Russia into precinct of Embassy of Ukraine in Kazakhstan.
Pavlo Klimkin, then the Minister of foreign affairs, said that there are significant security risks, such as law enforcement, administrative and propaganda pressure on voters and election commissions members, possibility of dangerous provocation, infiltration of special services agents into election commissions, intervention of Russian authorities into elections etc.
This gave rise to Russian media claiming that 2019 Ukrainian presidential election is illegitimate, with arguments that polling stations on the territory of Russia were abolished, and also that Russian observers were denied permission to observe Ukrainian elections.
On 2019 Ukrainian presidential election in Foreign electoral district only 59,830 out of 552,357 registered voters used their right to vote, even when there are approximately 6 million Ukrainian citizens listed in state registers as being abroad.
Many Ukrainians living outside Ukraine hide their being there from the Ukrainian officials, with the biggest reasons being frequent statements by politicians about the possibility of introducing taxation for people working abroad and introducing punishment for dual citizenship, as well as distrust of the Ukrainian authorities in general.
Those citizens who do decide to vote must either apply to be included into the list of voters at a polling station abroad or apply to be included into consular list at a diplomatic establishment of Ukraine, which will also result in inclusion into the list of voters.
In both cases, they have to either send the application by mail, together with the Ukrainian passport and the original residence permit, which is deemed risky, or come to the diplomatic establishment in person.
The passport of another state as a proof of residence permit in that state is not eligible, since Ukraine does not recognize other citizenships of its citizens.
Therefore, citizens of Ukraine who also have a passport of another state can not achieve being added to the voters list, as well as being added the consular list.
Attending an embassy or a consulate in person to register for voting or to vote is a problem for many citizens as they often have to travel long distances.
For example, a Ukrainian living in Perth has to travel more than 3,000 km to the embassy in Canberra, and a plane ticket across the continent can cost $800 or more.
This problem is especially acute in countries with few polling stations and large territories or polling stations covering several major countries, such as Brazil, South Africa, Australia, China.
During the election day, huge queues appear in front of polling stations in countries where there are significant presence of Ukrainians, such as Germany, the Czech Republic, the United States, Moldova or Estonia.
Sometimes, it happens that the queue is still there when it is time for the polling station to close, so it has to continue its work for a while.
Opponents of voting over the Internet say that there will be doubts about the honesty of the votes counting, also there will be no way to make sure that the vote was given freely and personally, that is, what if a person voted under supervision of another person, or even under supervision of the special services of the host country.
Along with that, foreign voters are concerned about the lack of polling stations and offer to open them not only at embassies and consulates, but also at honorary consulates of Ukraine or elsewhere.
Officials, namely the former Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin, point out that the current Ukrainian legislation allows opening polling stations abroad only at embassies and consulates and at military bases, moreover, not all countries would allow opening polling stations outside diplomatic missions.
There are two main approaches in the World to attribute the votes of citizens abroad to a particular constituency: their votes are collected into one (all over the World) or several (each covers a certain part of foreign territory) foreign constituencies, or their votes are somehow attributed to constituencies located in the territory of their nativeland.
Another approach is to assign votes of citizens abroad to one or more constituencies (usually in the capital) in the territory of their nativeland.
This approach is used in the Netherlands, where citizens abroad are assigned to The Hague constituency (the Hague mayor is responsible for registering voters abroad); in Poland, where citizens abroad are counted into 19th constituency in Warsaw; in Belarus, where foreign votes are attributed to the 95th Kupalov district in Minsk, in which the MFA of Belarus is located; and other countries.
As for the voting itself, depending on the country, citizens either have to personally come to the polling station abroad, or they can vote remotely (by mail or online).
Some countries, including Norway and Australia, allow voters who will be abroad on election day, but who will be at home shortly beforehand, to vote in advance.
Many countries of the World, unlike Ukraine, provide voters with the opportunity to register in voters lists and to vote by mail (paper or electronic) or online.
For example, in Estonia you can vote online, and in the United States, depending on the state, voters either receive a paper ballot, fill it out, and send it back, or receive a ballot by email or fax, print it, and send it back, or vote via the Internet.
In the United Kingdom, citizens living or temporarily residing abroad are allowed to delegate someone else to vote on their behalf.
During elections to the European Parliament, a national of one EU member state residing in another EU member state may vote in the country of stay on the same terms as local citizens.
For example, an Irish citizen residing in Spain may participate in the elections as a Spanish voter and vote for a party nominated for the EP by Spain.
For example, in the parliamentary elections of 2012, Svoboda won the most votes, overtaking the Party of Regions by one third of a percent, while the Party of Regions was confidently victorious in the territory of Ukraine, gaining three times as many votes as Svoboda.
Another example is the fact that the Communist Party of Ukraine has always received fewer votes in the foreign district than in Ukraine.
In 2014, the Opposition Bloc won the overwhelming majority in electoral districts in eastern Ukraine, but won only in one electoral precinct in the Foreign electoral district.
Polling stations abroad are located in all embassies and consulates of Ukraine abroad, except embassies and consulates in Russia ⇨, embassies in the Vatican, Indonesia, Iraq, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, consulate São Paulo, as well as the embassies in Libya and Syria, which because of ongoing military conflicts, are temporarily situated in Tunisia and Lebanon, respectively.
There are also countries that are not part of any foreign electoral precinct: Iceland, Albania, Bhutan, Laos, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Haiti, many African countries, including Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, The Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, DR Congo, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Djibouti, Eritrea and Somalia, as well as the numerous Pacific and Caribbean island states.
Currently, they are the base of Ukrainian peacekeeping forces in Kosovo and the base of the 18th Separate Helicopter Detachment in the DR Congo.
Previously, there was also a polling station at the 56th Separate Helicopter Unit of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (polling station #900113).
In addition, in the past, there was another polling station at the 18th Helicopter Detachment (polling station #900112) in Bunia in DRC, simultaneously with the station in Goma, which still exists today.
The principle of public access to official records in Scandinavia is the principle that everyone should have the right to take part in non-classified public records and the right to attend court proceedings.
The principle of public access to official documents also means that government officials and other central and local government employees are free to divulge information.
Similar laws exist in over 70 countries, whereas 19 countries' legislation applies to information held by the government as well as private bodies, whereas the others apply to government information only.
Chapter 2, section 1 of Swedish law states:In order to promote a free exchange of opinion, free and comprehensive information, and free artistic creation, everyone should have the right to take part in public documentsThe principle of public access to official records is designed to ensure that the public has a good understanding of, and can exercise civilian control over, the actions of the authorities.
Since 2001, a type of public principle has also been the basis of public access to documents within the European Union.
According to both the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Public Regulation, records must be provided on request, normally within 15 working days and in any of the official languages of the Union.
In addition, the institutions may refuse to disclose internal documents that form the basis for decision-making processes that are ongoing if the disclosure is assumed to be able to influence the decision-making process.
At the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mozes became in 1993 a senior lecturer, in 1996 associate professor, and in 2002 a full professor.
SNZ was a Brazilian girl group formed in Rio de Janeiro in 1997 by the sisters Sarah Sheeva, Nãna Shara and Zabelê Gomes, daughters of the musicians Baby do Brasil and Pepeu Gomes.
Joe O'Brien is an Irish Green Party politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Fingal constituency since the 2019 Dublin Fingal by-election.
The Rollfix-Eilwagen GmbH (Rollfix Express Car Ltd.) was a German manufacturer of Motor vehicled in Wandsbek quarter of Hamburg, Germany, located at Stubbenhuk 10, today the location of the Henry-Nannen Journalist School.
A 200 cc single-cylinder engine with 5.5 HP and another 300 cc single-cylinder engine with 7.5 HP as well as a 400 cc two-cylinder engine with 11 HP were offered.
William Thomas Wainwight (28 October 1917–1976) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Aldershot and Mansfield Town.
After receiving permission from his school to miss class in October 2019; Ugalde scored his first professional hat-trick in a 6–0 victory over Limón.
In his first CONCACAF League appearance, Ugalde scored two goals in a 3–1 victory over Belmopan Bandits on 31 July 2019.In November, Ugalde was named as the Best Younger Player of the 2019 CONCACAF League tournament, with four goals in seven matches.
In the show, they attempt to get stung and bitten by animals and insects from different parts of the world, in order to measure the amount of pain they each receive from each bite or sting.
Along with creatures from the Schmidt Pain Index, animals from other categories such as reptiles and marine animals are also tested.
It is easy to see that if the random variables formula_1  and formula_2  are independent and normally distributed, then their sum and difference are also independent.
The Kac–Bernstein theorem states that the independence of the sum and difference of two independent random variables characterizes the normal distribution (the Gauss distribution).
Charmaine Lurch is a Toronto-based painter, sculptor, installation artist and visual arts educator known for her interdisciplinary work and exploration of themes including Black histories and environmental issues.
She holds a Master’s degree in Environmental Studies from York University and diplomas in design and illustration from Sheridan College, both in Ontario.
Lurch's work has been exhibited at a number of venues including the Royal Ontario Museum, Nuit Blanche, The University of British Columbia, and the National Gallery of Jamaica.
Girl on a Ball or Young Acrobat on a Ball is a 1905 oil on canvas painting by Pablo Picasso, produced during his 'Pink Period'.
Ivan Morozov acquired it in Paris in 1913 but after the October Revolution it was seized for the Soviet state, ending up in the State Museum of New Western Painting and then from 1948 the Pushkin Museum, where it still hangs.
Volovich moved to the United States for her graduate studies and completed her doctorate under the supervision of Andrew Strominger at Harvard University in 2002.
Volovich went to Brown University as a Richard and Edna Salomon Assistant Professor in 2006 after her post-doctoral research at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara and William D. Loughlin Membership at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Hoffa: The Real Story is an autobiography by Jimmy Hoffa and Oscar Fraley published in 1975 by Stein & Day .
Amos Montague Hill (21 June 1910–1973) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
The parade featured officers and soldiers of the Polish People's Army who marched in front of the Palace of Culture and Science on Parade Square.
The units on parade included guards of honour including the Representative Honor Guard of the LWP and the Academy of Officers of Anti-Aircraft Defense Forces at Koszalin.
The parade was commanded by Divisional General Jerzy Skalski of the Warsaw Military District, who reported to General Florian Siwicki, Minister of National Defence and presiding officer for the parade.
It was also attended by Nikolai Ryzhkov, a then full member of the 26th Soviet Politburo and future Premier of the Soviet Union.
Robert Littledyke (5 July 1913–1990) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
First exhibited at the 1878 Paris Salon, it was acquired by the Musée du Luxembourg in 1885 at the posthumous sale of the artist's works.
Currently imprisoned in Iran for ten years under a charge of espionage, she was previously a lecturer in Islamic studies at the University of Melbourne's Asia Institute.
She studied Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge and graduated with first class honours in 2013.
She is currently Melbourne Early Career Academic Fellow and Lecturer in Islamic Studies at the Asia Institute of the University of Melbourne.
The bishop of Tanis was the head of the Christian church in the ancient Egyptian city of Tanis (today Ṣān al-Ḥagar).
Although it is no longer a residential bishopric, it has been a titular bishopric in the Roman Catholic Church since the Middle Ages.
After the Arab conquest of Egypt, the Islamic geographers still considered it one of the most fertile places in Egypt with a pleasant climate.
In 1220, however, the Catholic bishop James of Vitry on the Fifth Crusade recorded that Tanis was a diocese in the metropolitan province of Damietta.
In a letter written fourteen years later in 339, Athanasius indicates that the reigning bishop was a certain Theodore, who had succeeded Elias.
At the Council of Ephesus of 449 and the Council of Chalcedon of 451, the attending bishop of Tanis was Apollonius.
At Chalcedon he was one of the thirtten Egyptian bishops (out of twenty) who presented a petition defending their orthodoxy to the emperors Marcian and Valentinian III.
A further eight bishops of the Coptic Orthodox Church are known by name down to the end of the eleventh century, according to the 18th-century historian Michel Le Quien: Mark, Isaac (fl.
In 870, according to the first-hand account of the Frankish pilgrim Bernard, there were still many Christians in Tanis and they were burning with excessive hospitality.
Gordon Edwin Presgrave (5 January 1915 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Carlisle United, Halifax Town and Mansfield Town.
She was a member of parliament representing the Brong Ahafo Region from 1960 to 1965 and the member of parliament for the Bechem constituency from 1965 to 1966.
Anin was among the first women to enter the Parliament of Ghana in 1960 under the representation of the people (women members) act.
Today, she is a member of the Convention People's Party council of elders and the only woman among the ten women in Ghana's first parliament alive.
The China Association for International Friendly Contact (CAIFC) is a united front organization subordinate to the Liaison Department of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission.
CAIFC was founded in 1984 and is active in overseas influence operations to promote the interests of the Communist Party of China.
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), an anarchistic trade union in the United States and Canada, had a strong singing tradition, and many of its American Finnish communities also had songs in Finnish.
These songs had all but been forgotten, when musicologist Saijaleena Rantanen found three Finnish language IWW songbooks in the Immigration History and Research Center archive in Minneapolis and at the Lakehead University archive in Thunder Bay, Canada.
Of these three books, only one had a known copy in Finland, whereas of the two others, only individual pages had remained.
In the end, Rantanen found the sheet music of this song for the piano at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C..
The authors of many of the texts are unknown, as the authors would have been likely to have been faced with discrimination at their work places.
Many of the IWW members knew little or no English, so it was natural for the union to produce songs in the Finnish language.
The melodies of these songs were in many cases familiar to the Finns, and it was easy for them to learn the new words to them.
Some four decades earlier, in the late 1970’s, Tuovinen had collected anti-church American Finnish music, and he was planning to release a record of it, but the bankruptcy of Love Records put and end to those plans.
The next thing to happen was that Tuovinen suggested to the rap artist Paleface that they should put together a band that would play the Finnish IWW songs.
Paleface had earlier performed songs by Hiski Salomaa and Joe Hill, it did not take much persuasion to get him on the band wagon.
The third member to join the group was Ossi Peura, and now they had a core of a band that could sing harmonies.
Tuovinen and Peura arranged the songs, with their previous expertise of the music genres of the times, but the use of imagination also played a part, as it had done with the American Finns of the time.
The name Laulava unioni (‘The Singing Union’) was chosen for the band, as that is what the IWW was also called in America.
The band had to exercise some artistic freedom, as the W folks’ songs often had a great many verses, even up to 40 of them, and it is not possible to perform such songs in their entirety today.
Many of the songs are in major scale, which gives them a joyous feeling, and included are also some rowdy ditties making fun of this or that.
He is a British historian of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century specialising in labour history and the working class in Britain.
He has published extensively, and has authored over 46 books on subjects including women’s history, social policy and administration, and policing.
In 2012 he took over presidency of the Society for the Study of Labour History following the death of the previous president, Eric Hobsbawm.
He was an openly faithless elector in the 2016 election when he refused to cast his vote in the Texas Electoral College for Donald Trump for President and Mike Pence for Vice-President.
A Republican elector from Texas in the 2016 United States presidential election, Suprun announced in a December 5, 2016 New York Times oped he was withholding his Electoral College votes for Donald Trump for President and Mike Pence for Vice-President.
Suprun was attacked on a number of fronts for his decision to not vote for the Trump-Pence ticket whom he was pledged.
Several Trump supporters and donors started a campaign against Suprun accusing him of plagiarism at a North Texas school, later found to be incorrect after the school issued a statement contradicting the news report, and not being a responder to the Pentagon on September 11, 2001.
This report was based on a LinkedIn account that did not include his service in multiple volunteer capacities including Dale City Volunteer Fire Department.
The department issued a statement stating Suprun was a member and there were multiple accounts of both Suprun on site during the response and Dale City responding.
Suprun did state he had voted for Senator Ted Cruz in the Texas primary in an attempt to stop Donald Trump.
Suprun was also closely tied as a Rubio supporter having attended multiple Rubio events in Texas and also being seen in New Hampshire where his son asked Senator Rubio about how to address the national debt.
He ran unsuccessfully for the Northern Virginia Soil and Water Conservation District Board of Directors after serving as a Special Assistant to both Republican Governors George Allen and Jim Gilmore.
Democrats attempted to recruit him to run for Congress in North Texas against Pete Sessions and later Van Taylor, but he ultimately declined to file seeing party activists unwilling to support an independent centrist styled politician.
Though it was alleged there was no evidence Suprun responded to the Pentagon attack after his Electoral College decision, there are multiple sources supporting his presence as a responder.
He was an Adjunct Instructor in Emergency Medicine at The George Washington University where he taught EMT, EMT – Intermediate, and EMT – Paramedic courses.
He also served on the Fairfax County (VA) Environmental Quality Advisory, Fairfax County (VA) Human Services Council, Prince William County (VA) Library Board of Trustees, Rappahannock Area (VA) Community Services Board, and Virginia Volunteer Firefighters’ and Rescue Squad Workers Service Award Program Board of Trustees.
He has helped found multiple nonprofits including the Never Forget 9/11 Foundation, Strike Out Kids Cancer Foundation, and Townview Magnet School community foundation.
In 2019, he led the Texas Rangers Junior High School RBI Program championship team and is also umpired for both the Texas Association of Sports Officials and Texas High School Umpires Association.
Near the mountain there is the former Nizhny Tagil iron and steel plant established by Akinfiy Demidov in the 18th century.
One theory is that there were many foxes here, and other theory is that the mountain got its name due to smoke that the Iron and Steel Plant has been emitting from its chimneys and that looked like foxtails.
The alternative name of the mountain, namely Lisaya (Bald), is related to the fact that the mountain was forested in the past.
However, on the cast iron plate that secures one of the side of the tower you can find date of the construction: 1818.
The tower has been used as the fire lookout tower: In the event of a fire towers watchmen rang the alarm bronze bell and warned town residents by hanging out the red lights made of big leather bags.
In the mid-1830s near the watchtower an observatory was established for observing Halley's Comet (visible from Earth from 1835 to 1836).
This project included complete improvement of the entire recreation area on the Lisya mountain, the overhaul of the watchtower, and the construction of an observation deck.
On the spire you can see weather vane in the form of flying archangel Michael that was made by the Nizhny Tagil sculptor Aleksander Ivanov.
The tower was completely repainted, columns were whitewashed, and near the exit onto the roof the cast iron fence was installed on the second floor of the building and on the third floor (bell-gable).
Inside the tower there was a small museum exposition with an area of only 13 m² presenting the history of the city and the tower, including bells, high reliefs, personal things of the tower's employees from different historical periods and a model of the Nithny Tagil watchtower in the 18th century.
The city's landmark was inaugurated by the mayor of the city of Nizhny Tagil Sergey Nosov in the presence of the regional officials, the Nizhny Tagil Orthodox Bishop Innokentiy, and the citizens.
One of the cars used on this road was a platform, about wide and long, and the diameter of the wheels was .
The weight of the cars was , carrying more than six times their own weight, with speed of , the fastest time made was 45 seconds, including starting and stopping.
It would seem, at first sight, that the whole affair was a mere boy’s plaything, and a dangerous one at that; but a test of its capacity undeceived the proprietor of such hasty judgment.
He persuaded the citizens of Billerica in eastern Massachusetts of the economies of a two-foot line, and became general manager of the Billerica and Bedford Railroad when it was chartered in 1876 and built beginning in May 1877.
A few years later Mansfield lifted the rails and moved them and the rolling stock to Maine, where it became the Sandy River Railroad and later merged into the Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad.
The school established the basketball academy in 2005, after recognising the lack of elite development opportunities for young players in Britain.
Almost unique in British basketball and more similar in structure to a European-style system, the full-time academy is a leading developer of young British talent, many of whom go on to further develop in the NCAA or European academies.
The academy hosted the Nike Junior Euroleague Invitational Tournament in 2010, and was named as the first Great Britain Regional Institute of Basketball in 2011.
As of the 2019-20 season the men's team compete as Barking Abbey in NBL Division 1, the second tier of British men's basketball.
Following the end of this partnership, the academy entered a team in its own right in 2012, competing in Division 4.
The women's team compete, in partnership with the London Lions, as the BA London Lions in the WBBL, the top tier of British women's basketball.
Each chapter in the series follows a particular woman as she is visited by Little Miss P, an anthropomorphic representation of her period.
Throughout the series, Little Miss P visits women in a wide range of situations and historical contexts; one particular chapter follows a woman in the Edo period who is made to live in a menstruation hut, while another is a fictionalized biography of Yoshiko Sakai, who produced the first commercial sanitary napkins sold in Japan.
Similarly to the episodic structure of the original manga, the film follows three women and their interactions with Little Miss P. The film is directed by Shunsuke Shinada, written by Shin Akamatsu, and stars Fumi Nikaidō, Sairi Ito, and Risaki Matsukaze.
On 22 November 2019, before even appearing with the reserves, he featured for the first team as an unused substitute in a 2–0 away defeat of Sporting de Gijón.
He ammassed a number of championship wins both in and outside Brazil, winning seven times the national championship at the weigh categories of médio and meio-pessado.
Eventually he was elected for the Brazilian Olympic team and represented the country at 1980 in Moscow, where he had a victory over Tsancho Atanasov and a loss to Jean-Luc Rougé.
The South America Hongwanji Mission also known as Comunidade Budista Sul-Americana Jodo-Shinshu Honpa Hongwanji is a district of the Nishi Hongan-ji branch of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism.
He graduated from Nanjing University School of Law in 1988 with a master's degree and then studied at the University of Göttingen from 1989 to 1991.
From 2000 to 2001, he was a visiting scholar at Columbia University where he taught laws regarding commerce, corporate, economics, international trade, and security.
Martyna Ewelina Bierońska (born 8 November 1984) is a Polish martial artist who represented her native country Poland in sport jujitsu.
After a year of practising judo her coach recommended her to sport jujitsu club Energetyk Jaworzno as partner for Ryszard Matuszczyk in pair discipline Duo System.
In 2007 she became member of the Polish sport jujitsu team in second discipline Fighting System and since 2011 she combined Fighting System with discipline Ne-waza (Brazilian jiu-jitsu).
She is three times individual world champion – 2015, 2016, 2017 in discipline Fighting System, category -55 kg and also world champion in ne-waza from 2011.
In 1937, the union changed its name to the American Communications Association and affiliated with the newly formed Congress of Industrial Organizations.
A majority of the union's members were strongly left-wing, and most the union's leaders were members of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA)—with the union effectively under the control of the CPUSA.
Appearing under subpoena were the union's lawyer Victor Rabinowitz, ACA president Joseph Selly, ACA secretary-treasurer Joseph Kehoe, executive board member Louis Siebenberg, ACA vice president Dominick Rocco Panza, ACA recording secretary Mollie Townsend, ACA Local 40 chairman John Wieners, ACA Local 40 secretary-treasurer Alfred Doumar, and ACA publicity director Charles Silberman.
Hostile witnesses against ACA was nineteen-year-old Herbert Romerstein and retired Western Union employee and ex-ACA member Ann Graham Davis appeared, who claimed to have left ACA when forced to join the CPUSA.
The 2019–20 Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball team represents the University of Notre Dame during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
The Fighting Irish, led by 33rd year head coach Muffet McGraw, play their home games at Edmund P. Joyce Center as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
The Fighting Irish finished the 2018–19 season at 35–4, 14–2 in ACC play to finish in a tie for first place.
With a bye in the second round of the ACC Women's Tournament they would beat North Carolina in the quarterfinals and then would go on to beat Syracuse in the semifinals.
In the championship game against Baylor, the Lady Bears got out to and early lead in the first quarter 25-14 and would lead at halftime by double digits 43-31.
The Fighting Irish would outscore the Lady Bears in the third and fourth quarters and would have the lead 77-76 late in the fourth quarter, but Baylor found a way to win 82-81.
An unnamed icefield rests on the northern side of the peak, and the Boomerang Glacier lies at the base of the south slopes.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Iowa was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.
Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.
The 2019-20 Dartmouth Big Green Men's ice hockey season was the 114th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Big Green represented the Dartmouth College and were coached by Bob Gaudet, in his 22nd season as their head coach.
Tony Oshey Dews (born June 6, 1973) is an American football coach who is currently the running backs coach for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL).
Upon graduating, Dews coached the offensive line for California University of Pennsylvania in 2002 and defensive line at Holy Cross in 2003.
From 2012 to 2016, Dew was the wide receivers coach for Arizona, helping them reach four bowl games and winning three.
In the 2018 season, running back Derrick Henry had career highs at the time for rushing yards (1,059), rushing touchdowns (12), and average yards per run (4.9).
Henry finished the 2019 season with another career year, leading the NFL in rushing yards with 1,540 and tying for the most rushing touchdowns with 16.
Nancy Huddleston Packer is an American writer of short fiction and memoir, who is the Melvin and Bill Lane Professor in the Humanities, Emerita, at Stanford University.
Packer was born in 1925 in Washington, D.C., where her father, George Huddleston, was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Alabama’s 9th congressional district.
She graduated from Birmingham–Southern College in 1945, and gained a master's degree in theology from the University of Chicago in 1947.
In 1957, she married Herbert L. Packer, and moved to California with him when he was appointed to Stanford University as a professor of law.
She was awarded a fellowship at Stanford University's creative writing center for 1959-60, and studied writing with Wallace Stegner, before joining the faculty in 1961 as a professor of English and creative writing.
She served as fiction jury chair for the 2002 Pulitzer Prize, and continued to teach creative writing through Stanford Continuing Studies.
Maryland was won by the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.
Greely and Brown defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.
However, he died prior to the Electoral College meeting, allowing for Maryland's 8 electors to vote for the candidate of their choice.
His senior commands include the post of Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, Chief of Staff of the Eastern Military Area and head of the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College.
Palmstierna served as a flight instructor at the Swedish Air Force Flying School (F 5) from 1943 to 1946 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1944.
He attended the Staff Course at the Royal Swedish Air Force Staff College in 1949 and was appointed captain the same year.
He was posted as chief of staff of the First Air Group from 1955 to 1959 when he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and the same year he studied at the Swedish National Defence College.
He was then posted to the Defence Staff from 1960 to 1963 as head of the Planning Department during which time he served as an expert in the 1960 and the 1962 Defense Committees.
He was an expert in the 1965 Defense Investigation and in 1967, Palmstierna was appointed chief of Section 4 in the Defence Staff.
Three years later, he was promoted to major general and appointed Vice Chief of the Defence Staff and head of the Operations Command.
Palmstierna was then chief of staff of the Eastern Military Area from 1973 to 1978 and commanding offier of the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1978 to 1984.
They had two children: Charlotte Marie (born 1946), married in 1985 to Anders Wall, and Klas Henrik (born 1949), who was married 1974–1981 to Countess Ylva Catharina Egilsdotter von Rosen.
North Carolina was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.
Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.
There's No Business... is a 1994 British partially improvised comedy film directed by Kevin Molony and produced by Claudia Lloyd for Prospect Pictures.
It stars Raw Sex (Simon Brint and Rowland Rivron) as Ken Bishop and his stepson Duane, and Lee Cornes as their musical agent Dickie Valentino, in their attempt to remake a track by Ken's old band, 'The Nice Twelve' for a TV advert for 'Pinkies', a brand of kitchen gloves made by Mort Clayton (Mac McDonald).
Exterior shots include the Carlton Cinema, also on Essex Road; the Imperial War Museum; Lambeth Palace; and Lambeth North tube station.
At the start of the film Ken rides a late model Panther Model 100 600cc motorcycle with Duane (plus bongos and keyboard) in the sidecar.
Oregon was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.
Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.
José Lopes da Silva Trovão better known as Lopes Trovão (May 23, 1848 -- July 17, 1925) was a Brazilian doctor, journalist, and politician.
The play is written in the style of a comédie larmoyante, popular with female playwrights, where a happy ending follows a tragic narrative.
Native American communities have been shown to have incidences of illness tolerance, in part because of the treatment they receive in the healthcare system.
In an all-unseeded final Margaret Wilson and John Bromwich defeated Nancye Wynne and Colin Long 6–3, 6–2, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1938 Australian Championships.
Tilker played lead on the Brady Clark rink from 2012-2017, and has played in the same position on the Rich Ruohonen rink since then.
Natasha Sofía Rosas López (born 21 August 1993) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Colombian club Santa Fe and the Venezuela women's national team.
The jailhouse building was covered in the National Register listing already; the local listing would strengthen local protection for the building.
Thaayin Manikodi is a 1998 Indian Tamil action drama film written and directed by Arjun, who also starred in the lead role.
The film narrates the tale of a sincere police officer who thwarts the plans of a major terrorist by saving some highly confidential documents from falling into the wrong hands.
The film was first announced in January 1996, with director and lead actor Arjun initially casting Vijayashanti in a leading role.
Hindi actress Tabu and model Nivedita Jain were cast in key roles, with the latter subsequently making her debut in Tamil films.
The film was shot extensively in foreign locations, with scenes filmed in locations in Hong Kong and Switzerland, which the team had to settle for after their visas for Canada were rejected.
The film was initially scheduled to release in November 1997 coinciding with the Diwali season, but was subsequently put on hold for several months.
The film was later released in August 1998, with the title card of the film including a tribute to the film's lead actress Nivedita Jain, who died before the film's release.
Charitas is a papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius VI on 13 April 1791 that condemned the Civil Oath adopted by the French National Assembly.
It declared that those bishops who had taken the Civil Oath were schismatics and were suspended from their duties unless they recanted the Oath within forty days.
Oscar Luis Colas Leon (born September 17, 1998) is a Cuban professional baseball pitcher, Outfielder for Santiago de Cuba in the Cuban National Series.
On May 10, 2017, the Government of Cuba signed a contract to dispatch Colas and Liván Moinelo to the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks as developmental squad player ().
From mid-2017 season to mid-2019 season, he played in informal matches against Shikoku Island League Plus's teams and amateur baseball teams, and played in the Western League of NPB's minor leagues.
On June 24, 2019, Colas signed a 15 million yen contract with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks as a registered player under management.
() On August 18, he debuted against the Saitama Seibu Lions, and recorded a home run at the first Plate appearance in the Pacific League.
On January 3, 2020, Francys Romero of MLB.com reported that Colas has defected from Cuba and is looking to sign on with a Major League team.
Alexander Besputin (born 26 April 1991) is a Russian professional boxer who has held the WBA (Regular) welterweight title since 2019.
Besputin turned professional in 2015 and compiled a record of 13–0 before getting an opportunity to fight for a world title against fellow Russian boxer Radzhab Butaev.
In the fight Besputin would go on to win via unanimous decision to capture the WBA (Regular) and EBP welterweight titles.
The Union of Creators and Entrepreneurs of the Cinema and Audiovisual Industries of Western Africa (UCECAO) is an organization for cinema professionals in West Africa.
The 2019-20 Colgate Raiders Men's ice hockey season was the 90th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference.
The Raiders represented the Colgate University and played their home games at Class of 1965 Arena, and were coached by Don Vaughan, in his 26th season as their head coach.
Thalassa Cruso or Thalassa Cruso Hencken (January 7, 1909 – June 11, 1997) was a British born presenter and author on horticulture.
Born Mary Thalassa Alford Cruso in Kensington, London in 1909 to Henry and Mildred Cruso, she was raised mostly in Surry.
Cruso then began working at the Museum of London where she became Assistant to Director Mortimer Wheeler in the costume collection.
In the summer of 1934 she was sent to Ireland to attend a dig there where Cruso met American archaeologist Hugh O'Neill Hencken.
They married in 1935 and Cruso assisted him on the last year of the Harvard Irish Mission before returning to the United States with him.
While living in Michigan, he served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Lenawee County district from 1848 to 1851.
During his last term in the Michigan House of Representatives, in 1853, he represented the Lenawee County 1st district, and served as the Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives.
Diverson Mlozi (born 13 September 1989) is a Malawian footballer, who currently plays for Big Bullets FC in Super League of Malawi.
Diverson Mlozi debuted as a soccer player in 2008 with Big Bullets FC, a club in which he remains to date.
Also promoted from 2019 Elitettan is IK Uppsala Fotboll for the first time, after a tight battle with Hammarby to the very end.
The 2019–20 Akron Zips men's basketball team represents the University of Akron during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Zips, led by third-year head coach John Groce, play their home games at the James A. Rhodes Arena as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference.
Eucalyptus phoenix, commonly known as brumby mallee-gum, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a restricted area in Victoria.
It has smooth white to greyish bark, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between five and eleven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull, light green to bluish leaves that are slightly paler on the lower side, egg-shaped to more or less round, long and wide.
Adult leaves are the same shade of shiny green on both sides, lance-shaped to egg-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between five and eleven on a thin, unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long.
Brumby mallee is only known from a population of fewer than 100 mature plants near Brumby Point on a spur in subalpine woodland at an altitude of about .
ArviZ ( ) is a Python package for exploratory analysis of Bayesian models it offers data structures for manipulating numerical samples representing posterior, prior predictive and posterior predictive distributions as well as observed data.
and it has been used to help interpret inference problems in several scientific domains, including astronomy , physics and statistics .
In Europe, fossil evidence shows that the Eurasian beaver lived from Western Europe to the Chinese-Mongolian border, yet by the 12th century, only about 1,200 Eurasian beavers were left in the area, and they were completely extinct in seven European countries.
These successes resulted in Eurasian beavers listed as being of least concern on the (IUCN) red list due to its fast recovery in Europe.
This is seen in an initial population growth followed by decrease in populations to settle into the amount of resources available to the beaver populations.
Deep canals are created to connect ponds and allow for easy transportation of materials, and can be a significant way of storing groundwater in dry climates.
On the other hand, beaver dams help control flooding and sediment degradation from storms, providing environmental support structures that could be costly.
Some found that damming of feeder streams to main rivers decreased the amount of cold water, and data showed an overall increase in water temperatures after dam creation.
As herbivores, beavers used shrubs and trees with trunk diameters of 3–8 cm to feed on the bark, twigs and leaves.
Selective grazing over a 9-year period led to a threefold increase in plant richness in one area studied, a surprise to many researchers.
Significant reduction in plant height in both emergent and mat habitats was a drawback, however, studies show that beavers and Aspen (a species of concern for overgrazing) can thrive in the same landscape.
Furthermore, the flooding of areas may cause over saturation to the point that some plants or trees die, however this increases coarse woody debris (CWD) found in the areas, attracting wood insects and other species.
Certain trees were also reported to have migrated to areas that were drier and a more suitable habitat, thus showing that beavers can help diversify plant species in varying areas.
Coarse woody debris (CWD) from beaver food caches, dams, lodges, and drowned trees increases deadwood insects and provide nesting holes for waterfowl.
Increase in woodland animals like elk and moose have also been observed, including interactions between moose and winter beaver food caches.
The richness and abundance of reptiles in old beaver ponds were significantly higher compared with new beaver ponds and un-impounded streams.
Ponds create nursing ground for fish, increased fish habitat and habitat complexity, however there is concern of beaver's impact on migratory fish patterns.
Sediment storage increases clear water, increases some fish species, while energy dissipation allows some fish species to thrive better and favors lentic (still-water) species.
On the other hand, there have been numerous studies of beaver dams along rivers and their effect on migrating fish, such as Atlantic salmon species.
While abandoned beaver sites allow salmon to swim upstream when water breaks through the dams, the reduced water energy can provide an easy way for salmon to swim upstream to old beaver ponds.
Total blockage of small streams is reported to deter some salmon species from using beaver streams; however, there are reports of migration to bigger streams that are not influenced by beavers.
Additionally, increased temperature regimes in ponds and streams can have adverse effects on salmon populations that are living in areas already at the top of their temperature regime, causing negative affects on the species habitat.
Holding public forums and community events to show the community how beavers will help with their environment is important and can educate people about other environmental concerns, such as decreased Aspen forests or other riparian forest issues.
Many areas around Europe that have reintroduced beavers have reported increased tourism, whether it is tours specific to seeing beavers, or the animals that the beavers have attracted such as birds or bats.
Some worries that people have about the reintroduction of beavers is their impact on agricultural areas, in which it was reported that some beaver dams did affect flooding of farm lands, decreasing crop yields.
In order to fix this, beaver experts suggest relocating beaver dams, using water sounds to trick beavers into building the dam at different places, or using pipes in dams to help control water levels.
In one instance, poles were placed 10 feet in front of a culvert, changing the place of the water flow sound, in which the beavers build the dam at the poles, allowing for runoff to go through the culvert.
Furthermore, some farmers have reported beavers burrowing in their fields, leading to damage to machinery such as tractor and damage to crops.
Additionally, if the beavers are proving to be pests, there are management practices in place to relocate the beaver population to areas in which they would be less interruptive.
In 2006, Crimean Tatars national football team was created from Crimean Tatars living on the peninsula and beyond, to participate in the tournament ELF Cup, which immediately reached the final of the cup and took second place, subsequently the team played in a number of tournaments for teams not included in FIFA (group stage Europeada-2016).
The national team representing the current Republic of Crimea for the first time can be said in light of the fact that on December 4, 2014, at a meeting of the UEFA Executive Committee, it was decided to ban Crimean clubs from taking part in competitions organized on January 1, 2015 Russian Football Union.
In response to this decision, fans of the Sevastopol club SKChF made with an initiative to hold an action aimed at supporting Ku Sevastopol and Crimean football.
The football team of the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol was created on November 18, 2016 at a meeting of the Presidium of the Crimean Football Union.
Also, as part of the meeting, a decision was made on the coaching staff of the team, the former coach of Tavria football clubs and Sevastopol Valery Petrov was appointed as the head coach, and the former Donetsk player Shakhtar, Metalurh, as well as Kryvbas - Sergey Dranov and former player Ukraine national football team Oleksiy Antyukhin.
The presentation of the national team took place within the framework of the I Crimean Football Forum on December 9, 2016.
The official date for the creation of the national team of Crimea was set on March 13, 2017, since this day in Sevastopol Crimeans held their first international friendly match in the framework of the Crimean Spring tournament with the amateur football club Rostselmash (Rostov-on-Don), winning 5-0.
The main time of the match ended with a score of 3:3, and only in the penalty shootout the foreign students proved to be stronger, winning with a score of 3:2.
Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from unnamed glaciers on its slopes drain into tributaries of the Lillooet, Bridge, and Hurley Rivers.
The mountain's name was submitted by this first ascent party to commemorate Thiassi, the god of storms according to Norse mythology.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The 1941 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1941 college football season.
For several years her writings, both prose and verse, were principally given to periodicals issued by the Seventh Day Baptists, of which religion she was a member.
Elizabeth Davenport McKune (born November 15, 1947 in Detroit, Michigan) is a Career Foreign Service Officer who served as the United States Ambassador to Qatar from 1998 until 2001.
McKune’s parents are Colonel Clarence M. Davenport, Jr. (a West Point graduate) and Yolande Davenport (née Bradfield - a National Institute of Mental Health psychiatric social worker).
On 17 October 2016, the Iranian judiciary sentenced Ghaderi to 10 years in prison for espionage, along with the dual and foreign nationals Siamak Namazi, Baquer Namazi, and Nizar Zakka.
For nearly the first year of his arrest, Ghaderi has been held in solitary confinement in Ward 209 of Evin Prison.
In April 2017, he was transferred to the general ward of Evin, where he shares a 25m² cell without windows with 16 other prisoners.
He represented the All Blacks from 1958 to 1960, and unsuccessfully stood for the National Party in the Henderson electorate at the 1969 general election.
A first or second five-eighth, Clarke represented at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1958 to 1960.
Huang Wensi (Born May 22, 1989) is a Chinese boxer and teacher, known for fighting traditional women stereotypes and challenging depression, as well as being included in the BBC's list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2019.
She began boxing in 2002 after being spotted by a coach at school, joining a provincial team three years later but retiring in 2011 due to an injury.
The film stars Harish Kalyan, debutant Pooja Doshi, and Sai Ronak in the lead roles and marks the Telugu lead film debut of Kalyan.
The film is a triangular love story in which a girl, Bandhavi (Pooja Doshi), has to decide between two boys Karthik (Harish Kalyan) and Kranti (Sai Ronak).
Executive producer, Anand Ranga, told the director, Pattabhi, how telling a story from a girl's point of view would be a good idea after his friends and family told him how films that featured a leading lady ran well.
Quinn was born to parents James and Rose Quinn on April 19, 1900 in Ireland, and immigrated to the United States in 1926.
On November 7, 1944, Quinn was elected as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Wayne County 1st district.
The Green Wave, led by first-year head coach Ron Hunter, play their home games at Devlin Fieldhouse in New Orleans, Louisiana as sixth-year members of the American Athletic Conference.
She took the position after serving for five years as the Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the State of Israel to the Russian Federation (2010-2015).
While a student at the University of Jerusalem (studying English and Sovietology), Golender began working as an announcer in the Russian Division of the Voice of Israel.
He began working alongside the Communist Party of China to oppose Japanese forces in 1937, shortly after the Second Sino-Japanese War had started.
With the fall of the Gang of Four, Hu returned to lecturing and was deputy director of the CPC Central Committee's History Materials Research Institute.
He spoke at the University of Sydney's Centre for Asian Studies Conference on the History of Asian Communist Parties, and gave seminars at many Australian universities, among them the University of New South Wales, the Australian National University, La Trobe University, the Melbourne China Studies Group, the University of Adelaide, and Flinders University.
During his first season he averaged 29.3 points, 7 rebounds and 3.5 assists per game, and was named a first-team junior college All-American at the end of his freshman season.
In his sophomore season with the Angelina Roadrunners, Anderson posted averages of 28.6 points, 9 rebounds and 8.3 assists per game, and again earned first-team All-American honors.
In his first year with the Longhorns he started 13 games of 29 played, and ranked second on the team in assists per game (behind B. J. Tyler) and fourth in points per game with 12.3, playing a total of 824 minutes over 29 games (28.4 per game).
In his senior season Anderson was named co-captain with Terrence Rencher and improved his averages to 7 assists and 20.3 points per game, ranking first on the team in assists and second in scoring (behind Rencher), playing a total of 1023 minutes (34.1 per game).
On February 11, 1995 he tied a Texas record for most free throws in one half with 12 against Texas A&M.
His 7 assists per game ranked him second in the SWC behind Nelson Haggerty of Baylor, and he led the nation in steals per game with 3.4 (101 total).
At the end of the season he was a consensus First-team All-SWC selection, and he was named the team co-MVP together with Rencher.
He finished his career at Texas as the 9th player of all-time for assists with a total of 362, and 8th for total steals with 165.
After the end of his senior season at Texas, Anderson was automatically eligible for the 1995 NBA draft, but he was not selected by any franchise.
He was drafted in the 2nd round (17th overall) of the 1995 CBA draft by the Quad City Thunder in September 1995.
He then joined the Fort Wayne Fury for the 1995–96 CBA season, and he played only 3 games with the team, averaging 3.7 points, 2.7 assists and 0.3 steals in 12.3 minutes per game.
Later in 1997 Anderson tried out for the Galveston Storm of the Southwest Basketball League, but did not make the final roster.
In 1999 he moved to Sweden in Europe, and signed for the 08 Stockholm Human Rights, where he spent the 1999–2000 season.
In 2000 he moved to the Czech Republic and signed for BK Opava, where he averaged 8.2 points, 5.2 rebounds and 2.9 assists in the 2000–01 National Basketball League season.
Anderson spent the 2001–02 season with Sloboda Dita, and played 22 games in the ABA League, posting averages of 8.7 points, 3.2 rebounds, 1.2 assists and a league-leading 2.4 steals per game.
His only professional club was Partick Thistle, and he holds the club's all-time goalscoring record (although the total includes seven years of unofficial wartime matches).
Born in Dennistoun, Glasgow, Sharp trained to become a plumber while moving through the grades as a footballer, being signed by top division Partick Thistle as a teenager in 1939 after a short spell in Junior level with Shettleston.
By now established in the creative inside left position but also adept playing at centre forward, Sharp was an important member of the Partick Thistle team after regular competitions resumed in 1946.
In December 1947, Sharp scored a goal after seven seconds had elapsed in a match against Queen of the South, which still stands as the quickest recorded in Scottish football.
They also reached the 1953 Scottish League Cup Final but lost to East Fife, the same opponent who had defeated them narrowly in the semi-final of the 1949–50 Scottish Cup.
Thistle also lost the 1956 Scottish League Cup Final leaving their talented 1950s generation without a major honour, although by then Sharp was no longer a first team regular, and he retired aged 35 in 1957 to continue his plumbing business which he had continued on a part-time basis during his playing career.
Sharp has been mentioned as one of the most skilled players never to have been capped by the Scottish national team, the closest he came being a single appearance for the Scottish Football League XI in 1952, an unexpected but deserved 3–0 defeat to the Welsh Football League team which would have done little to improve his selection prospects.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 23 April 2017, coming on as a second-half substitute for Isma Cerro in a 2–0 Tercera División home win against CD Llanes.
Bertín scored his first senior goal on 20 August 2017, netting the game's only in a home defeat of Gernika Club, and he extended his contract with the club on 9 October.
He made his first team debut late in the month, replacing Aitor García in a 0–0 away draw against CD Mirandés for the Segunda División championship.
The national team was formed in 2006 to participate in the ELF Cup tournament, organized by the Unrecognized Turkish Northern Cyprus Football Federation, a member of the NF-Board.
The team played 5 matches in the tournament and reached the final, losing to the hosts in the final 1: 3 and knocking out a FIFA member in the semifinals, Kyrgyzstan national football team.
In 2016, the team again went to the football tournament - the European Championship among national minorities, which was held in South Tyrol .
She won the opening match of the group stage against West Thracian Muslims 3: 0 , but then lost to the Romanian Hungarians and Ladinia with a score of 1: 6 and 0: 8 respectively and completed the performance.
The team is not associated with Crimea national football team, created in 2017 on the territory of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol - it is subordinate Crimean Football union.
Caves can recapitulate the environment of the deep sea-bed due to the darkness and lack of nutrient, permitting the study of deep-sea-like regions in shallow areas of water.
Carnivorous sponges, lacking the normal filter feeding apparatus, had been previously discovered during deep-sea trawls and presumed to be damaged since they did not have a known feeding mechanism.
The discovery of members of the family in shallow water meant that they could be experimentally tested, which is when Boury-Esnault and Vacelet observed feeding on small crustaceans.
Later they also reported on a member of the genus which used both carnivory and methanotrophy to survive in deep-sea expeditions of the Barbados trench.
Boury-Esnault and Vacelet also found hexactinellid (glass) sponges, another deep-sea species, in these shallow cave waters, permitting detailed study for the first time.
She led a collaboration with Oceana and the University of Victoria which found new glass sponges in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the Atlantic Ocean.
In 2012 Boury-Esnault was involved in a study capturing the number and diversity of sponges in seas all around the world.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 25 and UHF channel 25, but moving to channel 21 in the FCC Repack, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
Kareem Burris (born 13 September 1991) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Anguilla national football team.
Burris made his senior international debut on 7 July 2012 in a 1-0 friendly defeat to the British Virgin Islands, coming on as an 85th-minute substitute for Ryan Liddie.
A wing, Clarke represented and at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1967 tour of Britain, France and Canada.
Woodman was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Van Buren County district on January 2, 1861 and served until 1862.
The station, which broadcasts its digital signal on virtual channel 40 and UHF channel 22, is owned by DTV America, a subsidiary of HC2 Holdings.
Emma Huntington Nason (pen name, John G. Andrews; August 6, 1845 – January 11, 1921) was an American poet, author, and musical composer.
The Huntington family in the United States, to which her father belonged, was first represented in New England by the widow Margaret Huntington, who came from England with her children (her husband having died on the voyage) in 1633, as certified by the church records of Roxbury, Massachusetts.
This family counted among its members many distinguished men: one was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; another, one of General George Washington's staff; and in later generations, some of them were well known as artists, writers, lawyers, and divines.
John Mayo, the Puritan divine, who was one of the founders of the town of Barnstable, Cape Cod, and the first pastor of the Second Church in Boston.
Nason's early days were passed in Hallowed Academy, where she distinguished herself as a student, excelling in mathematics and the languages.
In 1865, she was graduated from the collegiate course of the Maine Wesleyan Seminary (now Kents Hill School), in Kents Hill, Maine, that institution being then the only one in New England which offered a regular college course for women.
In 1875, she gave the commencement poem before the literary societies of her Alma Mater, and on March 9, 1880, she read an original poem at the dedication of the building, which was the gift of the citizens of Hallowell to its old and honored institution, the Hallowell Social Library.
Nason was a member of the Society of the Mayflower Descendants and of the Order of the Descendants of Colonial Governors.
She served as Regent of the Koussinoc Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Augusta and Vice-Regent of the Maine State Council, D. A. R.
Yael Rubinstein is an Israeli diplomat who has served as the Ambassador of Israel to Thailand and the non-resident Ambassador to Cambodia (09/05 – 09/09) and the Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary (non-resident) of Slovakia, Slovenia and Croatia (04/2003) while concurrently serving at the Central Europe Department in the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
While Ambassador to Singapore in 2015, Rubinstein found herself in the middle of a diplomatic controversy when a junior diplomat used the Singapore flag as a table cloth at a party and among other things, alcoholic beverages were placed on the flag.
The England national netball team toured South Africa in November and December 2019 for a three-match series against the South Africa national netball team.
The tour was Jess Thirlby's first international tour as new coach of the England team and was also Dorette Badenhorst's first home series as the new South African coach.
On 3 Apr 1622, he was consecrated bishop by Marco Antonio Gozzadini, Bishop of Recanati with Raffaele Inviziati, Bishop Emeritus of Cefalonia e Zante, and Giulio Sansedoni, Bishop Emeritus of Grosseto, serving as co-consecrators.
She was principal at three girls' schools in Sri Lanka, and a founding member of the Ceylon Federation of University Women in 1941.
While a student in the United States, she attended the 19th Conference of Women's Foreign Missionary Societies in 1922, in Massachusetts.
In 1941 she was a founding member of the Ceylon Federation of University Women, along with Doreen Young Wickremasinghe, Hilda Kularatne, Susan George Pulimood, Marjorie Westrop, and Clara Motwani.
She was the only native-born founder of the organization, and its first Sri Lankan president, leading the federation from 1944 to 1946 and from 1958 to 1959.
In 1932, she visited one of her brothers, clergyman and educator Charles Blackshear Paul, in Singapore and spoke on her experiences in the United States.
Romain Fleurier (born 17 March 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for FC Chambly in the French Ligue 2.
Fleurier made his professional debut with FC Chambly in a 2–0 Ligue 2 loss to AC Ajaccio on 29 November 2019.
The 2020 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team will represent the University of South Carolina in the 2020 NCAA Division I baseball season.
Caplewood Drive Historic District, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, is a residential historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
The district runs along the long narrow lane of Caplewood Drive, originally known as Caplewood Terrace, south to its intersection with University Boulevard in Tuscaloosa.
It is a set of modest bungalows and cottages built primarily during the 1920's and 1930's by local builders, using common building materials and designs which happen to achieve a kind of unity.
Low areas were filled by dirt excavated in the construction of the NRHP-listed City National Bank, and sewers and water pipes were installed by manual labor.
Sumner built three; only one is known to be designed by an architect, being the one at #33 designed by Birmingham architect George P. Turner.
Pragati Singh is an activist and leader towards the Indian asexual and community, featured in the BBC's list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2019.
Singh is a medical doctor by qualification and has worked as a public health professional in the fields of maternal, child, and reproductive health in India.
As a result of this she founded the self/non funded group 'Indian Aces' on Facebook, gaining a community of 3000+ members as time passed.
In 2017 Singh launched the friend-finding service 'Platonicity', a google form initially ran through Facebook like Indian Aces, with a goal to one day become a mobile app.
It was inspired by frequent messages online by those who needed help with finding relationships, and others whose family were forcing them to get married.
Due to the rapid increase of interest towards the form, with over 300 entries from multiple countries in two days, it was shut down to create a method that can accommodate more people.
Since then she has hosted 'offline meetups' under the same name of Platonicity across Delhi, Bengaluru, and Mumbai, helping with speed dating and building communities.
In the same year, Singh's research study on asexuality was selected and presented at the World Association of Sexual Health Congress held in Prague.
As of 2019, Singh is continuing to run sexuality workshops, speed dating events, as well as group counseling sessions, raising awareness for and helping asexual communities.
Another of her future goals is to bring these workshops into medical colleges, to bring her subjects to the eyes of more doctors.
The Philippines' history with the World Bank started in 1945 when they became one of the first members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
The Philippines is in the constituency entitled EDS 15, comprising Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Panama, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, and headed by Executive Director Fabio Kanczuk.
As of 2018, by Gross Domestic Product Purchasing Power Parity (GDP PPP), the Philippines is ranked 27th in the world with a GDP PPP of 952,967 international dollars.
In the same year, by nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Philippines is ranked 38th in the world with a GDP of $330,910 (US dollars).
The economy relies mostly on the service sector (59.8% in 2017), with smaller percentages in industry (30.6% in 2017) and agriculture (9.6% in 2017).
This is because of less exposure to problematic international securities, lower export dependence, stable domestic consumption, large remittances from overseas Filipinos, and a quickly growing service industry.
Additionally, the country is expected to become an upper-middle country in the near future, as its per capita income of $3,660 USD is just below the minimum bound of $3,896 USD.
After becoming one of the members of the IBRD in 1945, the Philippines became a member of the International Development Association (IDA) in 1960.
Two years later, the International Finance Committee (IFC) established the Private Development Corporation of the Philippines to help spur extensive private investment.
From 2015 to 2018, the Philippines and the World Bank engaged in the Country Partnership Strategy to create better jobs, increase shared prosperity, and eradicate extreme poverty.
Roughly half of World Bank projects in the Philippines have centered around rural infrastructure, private sector infrastructure, climate change, and civic engagement.
The project helped satisfy demand for electricity on the island of Luzon by providing four 25 MW generators, a rock filled dam that stores a reservoir, a 90 meter wide spillway that handles flood water, an underground powerhouse with surge chambers, and a pressure tunnel to deal with water flow.
In 1966, the World Bank/IBRD committed $25 million for the Private Development Corporation of the Philippines Project 2, which provided loans to stimulate productive private enterprises.
The Magat River Multipurpose Project in 1978 was the most expensive project of the 1970s at $150 million and provided a dam, tunnels, and reservoir resettlement.
After continued development throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century, the Philippines suffered a setback in 2013 when Typhoon Haiyan struck.
In line with its history of attempting to reduce poverty, the Philippines most recently accepting a $300 million loan for the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, a conditional cash transfer program.
From an educational perspective, the Learning, Equity, and Accountability Program Support (LEAPS) benefitted 4.4 million students and recorded improvements in the reading and math scores of students in Grades 2 and 3.
The World Bank has been criticized by the Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt for its role in funding the regime of Ferdinand Marcos.
Structural adjustment loans given to the Philippines mostly ended up in the hands of the Marcos administration instead of being used to fund export-driven industrialization, with the corruption fueling a banking crisis that discouraged foreign private investors from investing in the Philippines.
Economic growth in 2020 and 2021 is forecasted to shrink to 6.1% and 6.2% (from 6.5% in both years), respectively, due to a slowdown in public investment and the current China–United States trade war.
In order to do so, the World Bank estimates that income per capita must triple by way of having its economy grow at an average annual rate of 6.5%.
In order to reach and maintain this level of growth, the World Bank recommends that the Philippines improves market competition via reforms in regulation, simplifies regulations for trade, and reduces labor market costs and barriers.
She completed a BS degree in Geology at Syracuse University, and then went on to do an MS at the University of Florida-Gainesville, and a Ph.D. at Harvard University under the guidance of Stephen J. Gould.
She worked at the University of Michigan 1997 - 2000, before being hired as a visiting assistant professor at Syracuse University later in 2000.
A third major focus of her research involved quantifying a pattern of long intervals of assemblage similarity through time, punctuated by an abrupt shift in assemblage composition.
In April 2019, Ivany was presented with an Excellence in Graduate Education Faculty Recognition Award in celebration of her outstanding mentorship of graduate students.
The 2019–20 Chattanooga Mocs men's basketball team represent the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Mocs, led by 3rd-year head coach Lamont Paris, play their home games at McKenzie Arena in Chattanooga, Tennessee, as members of the Southern Conference.
Barbara was the inspiration for the Morticia Addams character in Addams' comic strip, and later TV show and movies, both in personality and looks/style.
Nevertheless, the concept influenced the British government's strategy in dealing with Northern Irish terrorism, and continues to be used in discussions of ongoing political violence in Northern Ireland.
In a 15 December 1971 news conference, British Home Secretary Reginald Maudling commented on the escalation of violence as the Northern Ireland conflict was beginning.
It was the first time that the British government acknowledged that it did not have the power to eliminate Irish republican terrorism.
The mindset influenced the British government's strategy for dealing with Northern Irish terrorism: to reduce the violence to the point that most people were not impacted as they went about their daily lives.
Unionist politicians subsequently developed their own interpretation, which was that there was an acceptable level of Ulster loyalist terrorism to counter the IRA.
Knox writes that ultimately the governments decides what is an acceptable level of violence by choosing to ignore the ongoing paramilitary punishment attacks.
In a 2010 speech at Oxford, Hugh Orde, recently chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, discussed the threat of the dissident Irish republican campaign.
American political scientist Robert Goodin suggests that the idea of an acceptable risk is key to managing public risk perceptions of terrorism, which tends to be exaggerated.
According to Goodin, the perceived threat of terrorism can be more harmful than the actual level of terrorism, provided that the individual is not directly impacted by terror attacks.
Golarsa was injured and couldn't play in the entire season, while Srebotnik competed in the Fed Cup at the same week.
The method of production, from starting with raw wood to finishing applications of paint, has been passed down from generation to generation, with families continuing to use traditional techniques even in modern times.
The technique for crafting wooden toys dates back to the 19th century, when several villages along the traveling path to the religious pilgrimage site Marija Bistrica began carving wood to make trinkets and toys.
Local wood such as maple, willow, beech, and lime were used to carve into various shapes using special tools to achieve precise cuts.
After the men created the toys, the women would hand paint unique designs and motifs using bright colors of red, yellow, and blue.
Ángel Federico Robledo (18 July 1917-14 November 2014) was an Argentinian politician, who occupied several charges during the presidencies of Juan Domingo Perón, Héctor José Cámpora and María Estela Martínez de Perón such as Minister of Defense, Minister of Foreign Relationships and Minister of Interior.
The 1940 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1940 college football season.
Flaherty served in World War II, was a teacher and basketball coach at nearby Dover High School, and later became a high school principal; he died in November 2004 at age 86.
In additive combinatorics, the Plünnecke-Ruzsa inequality is an inequality that bounds the size of various sumsets of a set formula_1, given that there is another set formula_2 so that formula_3 is not much larger than formula_2.
In this case, the Plünnecke-Ruzsa inequality states that sumsets formed from a set with small doubling constant must also be small.
Plünnecke graphs are a way to capture the additive structure of the sets formula_82 in a graph theoretic manner First important to defining Plünnecke graphs is the notion of a commutative graph.
A directed graph formula_19 is called semicommutative if, whenever there exist distinct formula_84 such that formula_85 and formula_86 are edges in formula_19 for each formula_88, then there also exist distinct formula_89 so that formula_90 and formula_91 are edges in formula_19 for each formula_88.
A layered graph is a (directed) graph formula_19 whose vertex set can be partitioned formula_96 so that all edges in formula_19 are from formula_98 to formula_99, for some formula_88.
The relevant example of a Plünnecke graph is the following, showing how the structure of the sets formula_101 is a case of that of a Plünnecke graph.
Then, let formula_19 be the layered graph so that each layer formula_104 is a copy of formula_105, so that formula_106, formula_107, ..., formula_108.
For example, to check that formula_19 is semicommutative, if formula_85 and formula_86 are edges in formula_19 for each formula_88, then formula_123.
It can be similarly checked that the graph formed by reversing all edges of formula_19 is also semicommutative, so formula_19 is a Plünnecke graph.
In a Plünnecke graph, the image of a set formula_130 in formula_104, written formula_132, is defined to be the set of vertices in formula_104 which can be reached by a path starting from some vertex in formula_46.
The magnification ratio between formula_137 and formula_104, denoted formula_139, is then defined as the minimum factor by which the image of a set must exceed the size of the original set.
Applying Plünnecke's theorem to the graph given in the example, at formula_141 and formula_142, yields that if formula_143, then there exists formula_144 so that formula_145.
The Rua Kēnana Pardon Act 2019 is a statute in the New Zealand Parliament that provides a pardon for the Tūhoe prophet Rua Kēnana (1869–1937).
The Act gives effect to an agreement between the Crown and Ngā Toenga o Ngā Tamariki a Iharaira me Ngā Uri o Maungapōhatu Charitable Trust signed on 9 September 2017, which was in turn based on the Waitangi Tribunal's 6 part WAI894 Te Urewera report.
Prior to serving on the County Commission, Miller served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1992 to 2000, and in the Florida Senate from 2000 to 2006, and unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 2006.
Miller was born in Tampa in 1951, and briefly attended Bethune-Cookman College before dropping out to serve in the United States Air Force from 1971 to 1974.
He later attended the University of South Florida, where he served as the President of the Student Governmenet Association, as the student representative on the Florida Board of Regents, and as President of the Black Student Union.
He ultimately placed last in the Democratic primary, receiving 9% of the vote to Jim Hargrett's 34%, Warren Dawson's 31%, Bob Lester's 13%, and George Butler's 13%.
Miller was subsequently appointed to the Hillsborough City-County Planning Commission in 1987, and unsuccessfully ran for the Tampa City Council for an at-large seat in 1988.
He started a government relations firm and briefly worked for the Tampa Urban League as its Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer before he was laid off, at which point he began working as a recruiter for Time Customer Service.
In 1991, following the indictment and suspension of City Councilman Perry Harvey, the only African-American member of the Council, Miller announced that he would run to succeed him in the 5th District, a heavily black district that included most of East Tampa.
In the nonpartisan primary, he faced a number of candidates, most notably journalist Nadine Smith, pastor James D. Sykes, caseworker Pete Edwards, and businessman Roy Robinson.
The American Family Association, which was seeking to repeal the city's sexual orientation anti-discrimination ordinance, sent out fliers attacking Miller for supporting the ordinance.
Ultimately, Miller narrowly secured a spot in the runoff election, beating Sykes 21–18% for second place, while Smith placed first with 27% of the vote.
Despite Smith's lead over Miller in the initial election, he overwhelmingly defeated her in the runoff, winning 58–42%, largely because of his strong performance in the district's black precincts.
When suspended Councilman Perry Harvey was acquitted by a jury of embezzlement charges, he was statutorily entitled to resume his office.
Having quit his job as a recruiter, Miller was unemployed and, despite being a former elected official, was forced to bartend at parties to pay his bills.
In 1992, State Representative Jim Hargrett, who had represented the 63rd District in the legislature, announced that he would run for the Florida Senate rather than seek re-election in the renumbered 59th District, which contained most of the territory he had previously represented.
Miller campaigned on his support for increasing government spending on public education and healthcare, closing tax loopholes utilized by the wealthy and corporations, growth management, and campaign finance reform.
Ultimately, owing to the district's strong Democratic lean, Miller won his first term in a landslide, receiving 72% of the vote to Vildibill's 28%.
Miller was re-elected entirely unopposed in 1994 and 1996, and was selected as the Democratic Whip for the 1996–1998 session, serving under Minority Leader Buzz Ritchie.
In summer of 1998, Willie Logan, who had been selected as the Democratic caucus as its Speaker-designate in the event that it won a majority in the 1998 elections, was ousted and replaced by Anne Mackenzie.
Following an outcry from black lawmakers, Mackenzie abruptly announced that she wouldn't seek re-election, which necessitated another election for the party's leader for the 1998–2000 session.
Miller won re-election in 1998 unopposed, but was unable to serve as Speaker following the elections, in which Democrats, already in the minority, lost seven additional seats.
In 2000, State Senator Jim Hargrett was unable to run for re-election due to term limits, and Miller ran to succeed him in the 21st District, which included heavily black neighborhoods in Tampa, St. Petersburg and Bradenton.
He faced former State Education Commissioner Doug Jamerson, who had previously represented St. Petersburg in the State House, in the Democratic primary.
Miller, who raised significantly more than Jamerson and represented more of the district than Jamerson did in the House, was widely seen as the frontrunner for the seat, which Jamerson acknowledged.
On Election Day, Miller won 74% of the vote in Hillsborough County, Jamerson won 86% of the vote in Pinellas County, and the two came to a draw in Manatee County.
However, because the Hillsborough portions of the district were more sizable than the other two counties combined, Miller was able to prevail over Jamerson, 54–46%.
In the general election, Miller faced Republican nominee Rudy Bradley, a fellow State Representative who had been elected to a safely Democratic House district in St. Petersburg as a Democrat before switching parties in 1999.
In the end, Miller won his first term in the Senate in a landslide, beating Bradley 70–26%, with independent candidate Kim Coljohn winning 4% of the vote.
Following the 2000 census and the redistricting that followed, Miller was unopposed for re-election in the 18th District, which included most of the territory he had previously represented.
He served alongside House Minority Leader Chris Smith, which was the first time in state history that black lawmakers simultaneously held leadership posts in both chambers.
When Congressman Jim Davis opted to run for Governor in 2006 rather than seek re-election, Miller ran to succeed him in the 11th District, which included most of the territory he had represented in the State Senate.
He entered the race with endorsements from his female Democratic colleagues in the State Senate, while Castor won the endorsement of EMILY's List.
An early poll showed Castor leading Miller by nearly twenty points, and Castor raised more than twice what Miller did as the campaign continued.
Castor ended up defeating Miller by a wide margin, winning 54% of the vote to his 34%, with the remaining 16% going to other candidates.
In 2010, Miller made a return to elected office by challenging County Commissioner Kevin White, who represented the 3rd District, for re-election in the Democratic primary.
Miller, along with Hillsborough County Children's Board member Valerie Goddard, opted to challenge White due to his ethical issues—he had been found guilty in a civil case of sexually harassing his former aide.
Miller didn't draw attention to White's ethical troubles, instead emphasizing his own legislative accomplishments and arguing that the district's needs had gone unmet during White's tenure.
Miller ended up winning the primary by a wide margin, receiving 51% of the vote while Goddard won 29% and White placed third with 20%.
In the general election, he faced only write-in opposition and won his first term on the County Commission with 96% of the vote.
Miller, who was prevented from running for another term on the County Commission in 2020 due to term limits, initially announced that he would run to succeed Hillsborough County Clerk [[Pat Collier Frank.
Though he was endorsed by Frank in 2019, he dropped out of the race a few months later, citing his desire to spend time with his family and his severe arthritis, along with other health problems.
The mixed relay event was originally scheduled to take place on 4 December 2019 but was rescheduled to take place earlier on 2 December 2019 due to the anticipated weather caused by Typhoon Kanmuri (Tisoy).
The hexbeam consists of six arms of non-conductive materials such as fiberglass or plastic pipes, and insulated metallic wire is used to form the elements.
Steve Hunt, G3TXQ, did an exploration of this design because of conflicting accounts from users and home builders regarding antenna gain, bandwidth, and forward/reverse gain.
In his modified design, Hunt changed the dimensions and shape of the antenna elements, resulting in an antenna which retained the W-shaped driver, but with a reflector that has more of a semicircular shape.
When constructing multi-band hexbeams, the vertical spacing of each element is critical, because the elements of a multi-band hexbeam mutually influence each other and if the elements are not parallel, parameters of the antenna may change undesirably.
As a translator, she has translated plays and screenplays; she also worked for several years as an interpreter for the United Nations.
He was a member of the GUE/NGL parliamentary group from July 2019 to his resignation from the group in January 2020.
From 1992 to 1996 Buschmann was a member of the NPD, he was chairman of the NPD district association Harburg-Land and treasurer of the Lower Saxony chapter of the Young Nationalists.
According to his own statements, he got involved with the party through actions against the animal testing laboratory in his neighbouring village Mienenbüttel.
On behalf of the group, Mr Buschmann was a member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the Committee on Petitions.
In this case, Robert Gabel, who had been second on the list of the Tierschutzpartei, would move to the European Parliament.
Delara Burkhardt is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.
In addition to her committee assignments, Burkhardt is part of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights, the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas, and of the Responsible Business Conduct Working Group.
On her first voyage she cruised as a privateer, engaged in two actions, one of which resulted in taking a merchantman that she had to abandon.
In 1948 Brownell was born in New York City to Lincoln and Jane Brownell and during his childhood he traveled between Long Island, New York and Saigon, Vietnam.
In 1970 he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a bachelor's degree in sociology and in 1978 graduated from the University of Vermont with a master's in finance.
In 1983 school commissioner Diane Gallagher was nominated by the Republican Party for Ward 6's alderman seat after one term leaving the seat open and Brownell was given the Republican nomination for the commission seat without opposition and later defeated independent Hans J. Puck with 1,188 votes to 863 votes.
In September 1989 Alderman David J. Thelander resigned from office in order for a special election to be held and after being given the Republican nomination by unanimity by the city committee Brownell easily defeated Greg Guma with 635 votes to 282 votes.
He easily won election to a term in his own right on March 6, 1990 when he easily defeated Green party candidate Bea Bookchin with 764 votes to 258 votes.
During his tenure he served on the finance committee and in November he and Paul Sunderland voted against a resolution that suspended city advertisement in The Burlington Free Press.
On January 9, 1993 he stated that the Republican city committee would either choose him or city chairman Bob Minkewicz and on January 14 announced that he would be running for the mayoral office.
On January 20 the Republican party gave him the nomination, but he was seen as the underdog due to Clavelle having raised almost twice as much money than Brownell although he was able to get the Burlington police union's endorsement, which had given its endorsement to Progressives since 1983.
On March 3 he unexpectedly defeated Clavelle with 5,410 votes to 4,686 votes and only carried two of the city's six wards.
Clavelle stated that he lost due to the controversy over his proposal to have the city pay for healthcare benefits for domestic partners of city workers which was passed.
Former Republican Mayor Robert K. Bing congratulated him on his victory while Representative Bernie Sanders, who served as mayor from 1981 to 1989, stated that he was not disappointed by Clavelle defeat.
Following his inauguration as mayor he made multiple lobbying trips to Montpelier to support a bill that would give money to Burlington and Newport to buy waterfront land.
He also decreased the city's budget by $1 million, but that would later be undone by the cost of development on recently purchased land along Lake Champlain.
He faced criticism for the multi-million dollar debt the city incurred from buying waterfront lands, was outraised by Clavelle, who was attempting a comeback, again, and lost the police union endorsement to Clavelle.
She graduated with a double AB degree in Ecology and Conservation from Vassar College, and then studied Systems Ecology under Howard T. Odum at the University of Florida, Gainesville for her MS degree.
A broadly trained ecologist, she has spent most of her career inferring water chemistry and fish ecology from careful examination of fish otoliths.
Most recently, her studies have focused on the looming problem of the deoxygenation of the oceans as a result of global climate change.
In addition to her studies of otoliths, early in her career, Limburg contributed to a now seminal study led by Robert Costanza that was one of the first to attempt to place a value on worldwide ecosystem services that still continues to be frequently invoked in discussions of conservation biology.
In a later paper lead by Limburg, she and her coauthors argued that economic decisions need to be made in light of an understanding of ecosystem dynamics, including the potential for nonlinearity.
Building upon the conceptual foundation of their earlier publications, in 2010 Limburg, Costanza, and Ida Kubiszewski edited the inaugural edition of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Ecological Economics Reviews.
As of December 2019, Limburg has published more than 120 peer-reviewed articles, and her work has been cited more than 32,000 times.
The mountain was known as Beaver Mountain as early as 1930 before being named for Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, and being officially adopted October 6, 1936, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Outram is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift).
As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences higher precipitation than the east side, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
The 2019–20 The Citadel Bulldogs basketball team represent The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Bulldogs, led by fifth-year head coach Duggar Baucom, play their home games at McAlister Field House in Charleston, South Carolina, as members of the Southern Conference.
The Bulldogs finished the 2018–19 season 12–18 overall, 4–14 in SoCon play to finish in a three-way tie for eighth place.
Olive Purser (1886–1973), was one of the first women to enter Trinity College Dublin and was the first woman to be made a scholar.
Her aunt was Sarah Purser and her uncle was Louis Claude Purser while her two older sisters, Elinor and Luisa became teachers while her brother John, in 1911, was a master's student and Assistant to the Professor of Engineering in Birmingham University.
Purser was one of the first women to be admitted to Trinity College Dublin entering in the Michaelmas term of 1904.
Within 2 years of the ban on women being lifted, she had become the first woman to be made a scholar under the TCD system on 11 June 1906.
At the time she achieved this, women were still not permitted to remain in the college after 6pm in the evening, to cross the Front Square without a chaperone or to dining with the male students or staff.
Two years after she completed her degree in TCD, Purser become a temporary lecturer at the University, taking over for Edward Dowden.
His campaign, some independent observers, and some media sources question whether the mainstream media in the United States is structurally inclined to be biased against Bernie Sanders.
The allegations of bias primarily concern both his 2016 and 2020 presidential campaigns, and revolve around corporate ownership of news organizations, misleading graphics, and a perceived under-coverage of his candidacies.
One book length study of the general election said that the amount of coverage of Sanders during the pre-primaries in 2015 was more or less consistent with his polling performance.
Sanders is a self-styled democratic socialist and the longest serving independent in U.S. congressional history, having avoided party affiliation throughout his political career.
In the U.S. two party system, Sanders is ideologically closer to the Democratic Party, which considers itself primarily ranging from centrist to liberal and even progressive, depending on regional political landscape.
While serving in the Congress, Sanders has caucused with the Democrats, which has made him eligible for participation in congressional committees as if he were a member of the Democratic Party.
In addition, Sanders received support from Democratic party organizations in Vermont as well as from the Vermont Progressive Party, which also endorses some Democratic candidates in the state.
Writing in 2005, Sanders identified corporate media coverage of political issues as an issue on which he felt he needed to take a position.
In it, he wrote of how, because he was being covered as a presidential contender, corporate media ran a sizeable number of stories on poverty that he suggests would otherwise not have been aired.
He also wrote that while national media did not cover his visits to poverty-stricken areas of the country, local media did.
In the chapter, he discusses the consequences of corporations like General Electric, Comcast, and Disney owning media conglomerates for media coverage of issues like taxation and trans-national trade agreements.
Thomas Patterson of the Harvard Kennedy School Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy wrote a report in June 2016 analyzing the media coverage of candidates in the 2016 presidential primaries.
A 2018 book co-written by three political scientists said that the amount of news coverage Sanders received exceeded his share in the national polls in 2015.
Bitecofer found that Trump received more media coverage than Ted Cruz, John Kasich, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders combined during a time when those were the only primary candidates left in the race.
A 2019 study by Northeastern University's School of Journalism found that Sanders initially received the most positive coverage of any major candidate in the 2020 primary and later the third and then fourth most favorable of eight candidates.
John Sides also wrote in the same outlet that the volume of media coverage of Sanders had been consistent with his polling and that the press he had been getting was more favorable than Clinton's.
Pointing to online polls contradicting media pundits assessment of the October debate, Bernie Sanders supporters complained of media bias without assessing the unreliability of online polling.
Of the two news articles, one was an Associated Press wire story, and the other was about the Sanders campaign's struggle to connect with African-American primary voters in 2016 and its implications for 2020.
From March 15 – May 3, according to researcher Thomas Patterson, the Republican/Democratic primary coverage split was 64:36, and the Clinton/Sanders media coverage split was 61:39.
According to a March 2019 analysis by Northeastern University's School of Journalism, Sanders received the most positive coverage of any major candidate in the 2020 Democratic primary.
An updated analysis in April placed him third out of eight candidates; a further update for June–September 2019 found that Sanders's positive coverage ranked fourth out of eight major candidates.
In April 2019, Sanders wrote to the board of the Center for American Progress in response to a video produced by their former media outlet ThinkProgress.
In July 2019, Halper documented a number of instances in which cable news network MSNBC employed graphics that distorted polling and donor data to Sanders' detriment.
Leonardt argued this hurt Sanders and Warren — particularly in questions posed to both about the issue of a wealth tax.
The CNN-sponsored debate between Democratic candidates on January 14, 2020, was the subject of criticism over perceived bias against Sanders, especially concerning moderator Abby Phillip's handling of a he-said, she-said controversy between Sanders and fellow Senator and candidate Elizabeth Warren.
The 2019–20 UCF Knights men's basketball team represented the University of Central Florida during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Knights, in the program's 51st season of basketball, are led by fourth-year head coach Johnny Dawkins and played their home games at the Addition Financial Arena on the university's main campus in Orlando, Florida.
The Knights finished the 2018–19 season 24–9 overall and 13–5 in AAC play to finish in a tie for third place.
Reid worked for Redford State Savings Bank until 1921, when he started attending the University of Michigan where he would earn a Bachelor's Degree in 1924 and then a Bachelor of Laws in 1926.
Deadtectives is a 2018 comedy horror film that was directed by Tony West, who co-wrote the film's script with David Clayton Rogers.
The film had its world premiere on October 5, 2018 at the Sitges Film Festival and was released in the United States and Russia in 2019 on Shudder and Planeta Inform, respectively.
While Sam and Javier give off the impression that they truly believe and have experienced the paranormal, none of the events shown thus far in their series were actually real and were all the result of their special effects person Bob, who is also accompanying them on the trip.
Once inside the home Bob sets up various special effects, however the team soon discovers that the home is truly haunted, particularly after an angry spirit kills Javier, the only Spanish speaking member of the team.
Now dead, Javier discovers that aside from himself, the home is only haunted by four Spanish-speaking ghosts: a mother, her two children, and her tyrannical husband, who is insistent on keeping his family from moving on and is now intent on murdering the rest of the home's living inhabitants.
Javier witnesses the murder of Bob and sees him pass into a brilliant white light, something he himself had experienced when he died but chose not to walk into.
Attempts to communicate with his teammates are initially unsuccessful until one of Lloyd's inventions gives them the ability to see Javier, at which point they use various other apparatus to communicate and plan on how to beat the ghost husband.
Their attempts are initially unsuccessful until the wife chooses to finally fight back against her husband, which allows them to gain the upper hand and destroy his spirit.
Now finally free from the oppressive spirit, the mother and her children walk into a brilliant white light that has appeared for them.
Before walking into it himself Javier takes the opportunity to say goodbye to his team, but takes so long that the light fades away without him.
Now stuck in the land of the living, Javier, Sam, Kate, and Lloyd decide to take on real hauntings in other locations in order to find the truth and bring peace to suffering spirits.
The following year the movie was released to the streaming services Planeta Inform in Russia and Shudder in the United States.
5-MAPDI (also known as Indanylmethylaminopropane or IMP) is an entactogenic amphetamine derivative which is structurally related to MDMA as well as to dihydrobenzofuran derivatives such as 5-MAPDB and 6-MAPDB, and has been sold as a designer drug.
It has reportedly been sold over grey-market websites since around 2014, although the first definitive identification was not made until September 2016 by a forensic laboratory in Slovenia.
Individual event for squash at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held in Manila Polo Club, Makati, Philippines from 1 to 3 December 2019.
The Great Britain women's national wheelchair basketball team is the women's wheelchair basketball team that represents Great Britain in international competitions.
At the 2019 Women’s Wheelchair Basketball European Championships in Rotterdam, Great Britain secured qualification to the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.
Going into the tournament, Great Britain were the reigning Worlds silver medalists as well as the third-place team in six consecutive European Championships.
Born on 24 August 1930, Wagner earned his medical degree at the University of Copenhagen in 1958, after which he completed a doctorate at the Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality, and took an internship at the Trinity Lutheran Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, followed by a research position at Rockefeller University.
Upon Wagner's return to Denmark, he sought further training in gynecology and obstetrics, and joined the Department of Physiology at the University of Copenhagen as a research assistant in 1964, where he was later named an associate professor.
Wagner led the ISIR as president from 1988 to 1994, and served in the same role for the ESIR in 1995.
The ISIR later changed its name to the International Society for Sexual Medicine, and the ESIR became known as the European Society for Sexual Medicine.
In additive combinatorics, the Ruzsa triangle inequality, also known as the Ruzsa difference triangle inequality to differentiate it from some of its variants, bounds the size of the difference of two sets in terms of the sizes of both their differences with a third set.
This formulation resembles the triangle inequality for a metric space; however, the Ruzsa distance does not define a metric space since formula_11 is not always zero.
The Ruzsa sum triangle inequality is a corollary of the Plünnecke-Ruzsa inequality (which is in turn proved using the ordinary Ruzsa triangle inequality).
Esther Takei Nishio (February 15, 1925 – October 1, 2019) was an American woman from California, incarcerated at the Granada War Relocation Center in Colorado during World War II.
She was the first Japanese American student to enroll in a California university after returning from camp, in 1944, when she was chosen as a test case for resettlement.
As a teenager, a senior at Venice High School, she was incarcerated with her family at Granada War Relocation Center in Granada, Colorado, from 1942 to 1944.
Her enrollment was greeted with threats and harassment from anti-Japanese nativists in the area; sympathetic students and others volunteered to walk with her on campus, for her safety.
Takei left college without graduating, to help her parents re-establish themselves in Los Angeles; in 2008 Pasadena City College presented her with an honorary degree.
There is a box of her papers, including letters, photographs, and her 1944 identification badge, at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.
After contracting alopecia, she went to a hospital in Tokyo, where she was inspired to become a physician by two female physicians who worked there.
She also became active in the Japanese women's suffrage movement, and was a member of the Japanese Women's Suffrage League with Ichikawa Fusae.
Previously, he was the Director of Ohio University Center for International Studies and the Director and co-founder of the Ohio University Tropical Disease Institute.
In late 2019, having spent years analyzing NASA images of Mars, Romoser presented a poster on evidence of insect-like forms on the red planet at a national meeting of the Entomological Society of America.
May Arida (; 1926–2018) was a Lebanese socialite who helped found the Baalbek International Festival, for which she served as president from 1973 to 2016.
She was born May al-Khoury Saadeh () in Beirut, Lebanon in 1927, to Habib al-Khoury Saadeh () and his wife Marie Saab al-Khoury Saadeh ().
In 1955, Lebanese president Camille Chamoun initiated the founding of the Baalbeck International Festival to foster international appreciation of Lebanese arts, and Arida was tasked with organizing the music and ballet components.
Arida received a number of international honors for her patronage of the arts and international exchange, including the Gold Medal of Lebanese Merit in 1976, Knight of France's Legion of Honour in 1978, Commander of Lebanon's National Order of the Cedar in 2000, Commander of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity in 2005, and Commander of Spain's Order of Isabella the Catholic in 2009.
The Battle of Kowang-san (23–24 October 1951), also known as the Battle of Hill 355, was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Royal Canadian Regiment—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) at (Kowang mountain), it was nicknamed ”Little Gibraltar” by UN troops because of its prominent size and many defensive positions.
The 1923 Lincoln Lions football team was an American football team that represented Virginia Union University in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1923 college football season.
In their third and final year under head coach Harold D. Martin, the Lions compiled a 6–0–2 record and won the CIAA championship.
Guard Miller was the only Virginia Union player to receive first-team honors on the 1923 All-CIAA football team selected by committee of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association.
The Kitchener-Waterloo Granite Curling Club (branded as the KW Granite Club) is a curling club on Seagram Drive in Waterloo, Ontario.
The club was formed in 1927 as the Granite Club by the Athletic Association of Kitchener and Waterloo (AAKW), which was briefly called the Kitchener Curling Club.
The AAKW had been formed by members of the clubs located at the corners of Erb and Regina streets in Waterloo and Gaukel Street in Kitchener (previously Berlin).
In 1928, the Kitchener Tennis Club built five courts next to the club, and in 1931 the K-W Badminton Club added an addition.
On May 8, 1955 a fire caused by careless children destroyed half the building, gutting the badminton club and some of the curling facilities.
The current Waterloo Park site of the Granite Club previously housed the K-W Skating Club before it relocated to RIM Park.
The club has hosted the 1980 World Junior Curling Championships, the 1969 and 1975 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship and the 2004 M&M Meat Shops Skins Game.
The album was recorded with Jimmy Barnes' core touring band of Danny Spencer, Ben Rodgers, Clayton Doley and Jackie Barnes plus Michael Hegerty, Lachlan Doley, and family/band members Jane, Mahalia, EJ, and Elly-May Barnes.
It's really the climax of nearly a decade spent confronting my demons and using words and music to come to terms with them.
Her dream to become a flight attendant grew from the travelling she did in her youth to visit family in Europe.
After being rejected from her dream of becoming a flight attendant, Duffy accepted a placement as a receptionist at Rosenbluth Travel.
While serving as president, she also sat on the Meeting Professionals International (MPI) board of directors and was its chairwoman in 2005 and 2006.
Upon accepting the promotion, Duffy visited all Carnival ships, met with employees, and shadowed staff members to understand the cruise line.
It stars Ravi Teja in the titular role along with Payal Rajput, Nabha Natesh, Tanya Hope, Bobby Simha, Vennela Kishore, Satya and Sunil.
Once brought back to life using advanced technology by doctors at the Re-Live lab, he attempts to find out his identity and the people responsible for killing him.
Due to the disappointing box office performance, Teja decided not to experiment with his roles in the future, and plans for a sequel were also canceled.
He is taken to the Re-Live lab where doctor Shishir introduces a technology that can revive dead people, to doctor Parineeti and her colleague (Vennela Kishore).
On the other hand, his name is revealed to be Vasu when his family members being dumped out by their landlord request for a deferment to pay the rent on time, which they believe will be paid by Vasu.
His girlfriend Nabha explains to a loan officer that Vasu handled multiple professions from day to night during which she fell for him.
Back to the live, Parineeti and Vennela are told by Shishir to not make the subject think as it can interfere with the experiment.
However, Vasu escapes from the lab using Parineeti's card but is recaptured after he faints due to being exposed to heavy lighting.
However, Parineeti is adamant on making Vasu revive his memories, and retrieves a commodity found with his corpse, giving it to Vennela for servicing.
In an attempt to gain attention of those who remember him, Vasu thrashes a minister and the video goes viral following his arrest.
An aged gangster named Burma Sethu is surprised to find him alive and sends his men to pick him from the police station.
While trying to dial the police number, Vennela unintentionally takes out Vasu's package given by Parineeti, and has to throw it outside to escape questioning by Shishir.
Listening to the music, his memories are revived and he fights off the henchmen, revealing himself to be Disco Raj, before Shishir explains Raj's actual age is 70 as he was frozen for 35 years; he is possibly not Vasu.
Raj visits the Madras Bar founded by him, where a friend explains how Raj used to be a notorious, music-loving gangster at loggerheads with Sethu, a rival gangster whose refusal to collaborate sparked a gang war.
Raj also fell for a deaf and mute girl named Helen who initially declined but reciprocated upon finding Raj to be the only one who cares for her.
Raj and Helen were also attacked in Ladakh, but Raj managed to send Helen away in a truck before himself getting killed.
On the other hand, a police officer who has rescued Vasu and told him about Raj, his father, tells him to murder him for killing Helen.
After being stabbed, Sethu reveals he didn't get Raj killed in Ladakh, and he came after him to avenge his wife's murder.
Raj denies killing her and realizing the truth, shoots the police officer who had not just brainwashed Vasu but also sent goons to kill Vasu's family.
Raj and Vennela discover a man named Anthony Das gave the cop orders to kill them, and along with Vasu, hold Anthony's son on gunpoint, before Anthony, revealed to be Raj's gang member Uttar Kumar, shoots Raj.
When she asks him about Raj, it is revealed Raj has been brought back to life once again by the doctors, while Sethu and Anthony are also recovering in the lab.
Music was composed by S. Thaman, collaborating with Ravi Teja for the eleventh time and with Vi Anand for the second time after Tiger.
The Terriers, led by 1st-year head coach Jay McAuley, play their home games at Jerry Richardson Indoor Stadium in Spartanburg, South Carolina as members of the Southern Conference.
In the SoCon Tournament, they defeated VMI in the quarterfinals, East Tennessee State in the semifinals, advancing to the championship, where they defeated UNC Greensboro, finishing with a perfect conference record, and earning the SoCon's automatic bid into the NCAA Tournament.
10 seeded Seton Hall in the First Round, winning the game by a final score of, 84–68, earning their first NCAA Tournament win in program history.
On April 7, 2019, it was announced that head coach Mike Young was named the new head coach at Virginia Tech.
Meitei (Manipuri language), a 3500 years old Tibeto-Burman language of Manipur, India, is an archive of numerous epic poetries as well as epic prose.
It is located in front of the Shibuya Station Hachikō exit and stops vehicles in all directions to allow pedestrians to inundate the entire intersection.
Its heavy traffic and inundation of advertising have led to it being compared to the Times Square intersection in New York City and Dundas Square intersection in Toronto.
Contemporary British painter Carl Randall (who spent 10 years living in Tokyo as an artist) depicted the area in his large artwork 'Shibuya', exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery in London 2013., Scramble Crossing is a major location in the video game The World Ends With You, which is set entirely in the neighbourhood of Shibuya.
The coalition is lead primarily by William Yakutumba, a veteran Mai-Mai commander who has been involved in rebellion against the government since 2007.
While the official announcement of the coalition came in 2017, the idea of the CNPSC had been existent since around 2013.
Yakutumba was aided by ex-FARDC General Shabani Sikatenda, who worked to arm Mai-Mai groups and convince them to join up with Yakutumba.
Yakutumba also contacted commanders north of Fizi Territory, the area which his group and most of the CNPSC are based, and is also reported to have entered into an alliance with a Batwa commander in Tanganyika Province.
The announcement of the group came on June 30, 2017, with their first attack being on the hydroelectric dam of Force Bendera, a FARDC position.
On September 27, the coalition attacked the town of Mboko, in which troops from Yakutumba's militia as well as those of René Itongwa, Réunion, and Ngarukiye.
The same day, the CNPSC marched on the city of Uvira, in which CNPSC troops and Yakutumba's naval wing took part in a battle against the FARDC.
The port and outskirts of the town were captured by the group before they were beat back by forces of MONUSCO.
This prompted the CNPSC to attempt to assassinate General Philemon Yav, the overall commander of the counteroffensive, this attack failed, and caused the FARDC to launch an all out attack against the rebels.
The FARDC counteroffensive caused significant losses towards the coalition, and forced Yakutumba's troops to temporarily relocate from his base in the Ubwari Peninsula to areas controlled by Mai-Mai Malaika.
Following the counteroffensive, the CNPSC began to lay low and wait for the pressure of the national army to die down.
CNPSC activity began again in the summer of 2018, with rebel forces attacking the Namoya mining site on June 24, making off with weapons and supplies.
In January of 2019, CNPSC commander Ebu Ela surrendered to the FARDC, but many of his troops joined Yakutumba's militia, which had relocated itself back to its original bases.
CNPSC activity had died down throughout much of the first half of 2019, but activity emerged as the coalition entered into conflict with the Ngumino and Twiganeho groups.
On October 14, the CNPSC launched an attack against the FARDC in Minembwe center, which they had captured that same day.
On October 17, the FARDC claimed to have recaptured Minembwe center from the CNPSC, and to have pushed the militia back 40 kilometers.
About 1908, added a false-fronted frame building to the front and opened a grocery store in that plus the east room of the adobe structure.
The grocery store was operated by Sciumbato until his death in 1942; his son George then took over and the store continued in operation until 1974.
Johan Henri Gustaaf Cohen, known as Johan Cohen Gosschalk (3 November 1873, Amsterdam - 18 May 1912, Amsterdam) was a Dutch jurist, graphic artist and painter of Jewish ancestry.
In 1905, he helped to organize an exhibition of the works of Vincent van Gogh at the Stedelijk Museum, and wrote the introduction for the catalogue.
Always in poor health, his condition worsened after 1910 and he spent much of his time bedridden or in a sanatorium.
It was the 13th edition of the tournament and part of the 2019 WTA 125K series, offering a total of $125,000 in prize money.
IBF5MAP is a substituted amphetamine derivative which is structurally related to drugs such as MDMA and 5-MAPDI, though its pharmacology has not been studied in detail.
It is a structural isomer of dihydrobenzofuran derivatives such as 5-MAPDB and 6-MAPDB, but instead has an unusual phthalane core structure.
Traphagen School of Fashion was a school in operation from 1923–1991, and was located at 1680 Broadway in New York City.
This was one of the earliest fashion schools and played a role in the development of American fashion by educating over 28,000 students in 68 years of operation.
Seyyed Mostafa Hosseini Khamenei () is an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and the oldest son of Iran's supreme leader, Ali Khamenei.
He made his senior debut with the reserves on 25 August 2018, coming on as a late substitute for Sito in a 2–0 Segunda División B home win against CD Ebro.
Esquerdo scored his first senior goal on 24 November 2018, netting his team's first in a 2–2 home draw against UB Conquense.
He made his first team – and La Liga – debut on 30 November of the following year, replacing Francis Coquelin late into a 2-1 home defeat of Villarreal CF.
After graduating from Harvard Business School, Swartz and her husband moved to Los Angeles were she accepted a position with Bain and Company Incorporated.
From there, she joined MXG Media in 1999 as Chief Executive Officer, where she oversaw online, catalog, magazine and television ventures.
The Burnley and Padiham Independent Party is a registered political party in the United Kingdom, focused on the neighbouring Lancashire towns of Burnley and Padiham.
In 2017, four members of the local Liberal Democrats left the party over its stance on Brexit, to form the Burnley and Padiham Independents.
Neil Mottershead retained his Burnley Borough Council seat in the 2018 election, but in early 2019 Christine White stepped down following claims of harassment from a resident, prompting a by-election which was won by the Lib Dems.
Charlie Briggs also retained his seat in 2019, and the party won in the Rosegrove with Lowerhouse and Whittlefield with Ightenhill wards, bringing the their total to five councillors.
Locasale has pioneered the use of metabolomics methods to study metabolism using primarily liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in particular having developed methods to gain insights into numerous biological processes at once.
He has made contributions to understanding the role of serine synthesis and one carbon metabolism in cancers, defining the quantitative, mechanistic principles of the Warburg Effect and altered glucose metabolism in cancer, and the role of metabolism in mediating chromatin status and epigenetics.
His recent work which has gained widespread public attention has focused on the effects on dietary methionine restriction and diet in general as a therapeutic approach to extend lifespan and shape tumor response to therapy.
His research approaches integrate computational modeling, cell biology, mouse models, and genetic and biochemical experimentation to understand metabolic processes and their contribution to health.
Currently, his research is in three interconnected areas: (1) Quantitative biology of metabolism, (2) Dietary interventions and metabolic therapeutics in health and cancer, and (3) The mechanistic basis between the interaction of metabolism and epigenetics.
Locasale is a recipient of the National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence Award, the Benjamin Trump Award for Excellence in Cancer Research, and the American Cancer Society Research Scholar Award, and the JH Quastell Lectureship at McGill University.
He serves on the editorial boards for a number of journals including PLoS Biology, Oncotarget, and Cell Stress, and has served in advisory roles for a number of companies including Raphael Pharmaceuticals, Agios Pharmaceuticals, and Immuneering Corporation.
He has also maintained advisory roles at a number of federal, private and international scientific agencies including the National Institutes of Health, the American Cancer Society, and the Israel Science Foundation.
He is also widely accomplished in academic mentoring with students and trainees having received the nation's highest honors at the undergraduate, doctoral, and postdoctorals levels.
Amber Poon Hiu-wing (潘曉穎), a 20-year-old woman from Hong Kong, was murdered in Taipei on 17 February 2018 whilst on vacation with her boyfriend Chan Tong-kai (陳同佳), aged 19 at the time and also from Hong Kong.
Chan admitted to Hong Kong authorities that he killed his girlfriend in a hotel room in Taipei, stole her belongings, left her body in the bushes, and flew back to Hong Kong.
As the murder happened in Taiwan where they had no jurisdiction, the authorities in Hong Kong could not charge Chan with murder, and could only sentence him on money laundering charges resulting from the killing.
In February 2019, the Hong Kong government cited this case as the rationale for a proposed amendment to the ordinances regarding extradition to establish a mechanism for case-by-case transfers of fugitives, on the order of the chief executive, to any jurisdiction with which the city lacks a formal extradition treaty.
While the proposed amendment would allow Hong Kong to extradite Chan to Taiwan, concerns over the inclusion of mainland China in the amendment led to the 2019 Hong Kong protests.
According to court documents, the victim Poon Hiu-wing and the accused suspect Chan Tong-kai met in July 2017 while working part-time for the same company.
Chan arranged a trip to Taiwan for the two of them in February 2018, paying for the plane tickets and accommodation.
Poon told her mother on 8 February that she would be going to Taiwan with a friend until 17 February, but did not divulge the identity of the person accompanying her.
On 16 February 2018, the night before the couple were to fly back to Hong Kong, they went to one of Taipei's night markets and bought a pink suitcase there.
After they returned to their room in the Purple Garden Hotel in Datong District, they quarrelled over how to pack their belongings into the suitcase they just bought.
The quarrel ended with the two making up and having sex, and Poon messaged her mother at 1:21 am of 17 February through WhatsApp that she would be back in Hong Kong later that night.
Around 2 am, the two got into another argument, during which Poon revealed the baby she was carrying in her womb was conceived with a former boyfriend, and showed Chan a video of her having sex with another man.
Chan reacted with rage and smashed her head against the wall of the hotel room and started strangling her from behind with his hands.
On the morning of 17 February, Chan disposed of Poon's belongings at garbage bins around the hotel—though keeping her ATM card, her digital camera, and her iPhone—and dragged the suitcase (with the body inside) into the Taipei Metro.
After a 40-minute ride, he got off at Zhuwei station and dumped the body in the thickets off the trail along the Tamsui River.
He tossed the suitcase elsewhere and withdrew NT$20,000 from Poon's account using her password with the intention of doing more shopping in Taiwan.
Over the next two days, Chan took money from Poon's account three more times, totalling HK$19,200, to pay his credit card bills.
They also discovered a copy of Chan's departure and arrival cards for Taiwan identifying the hotel Chan and Poon stayed in.
Armed with this information, Poon's father flew to Taipei in person to file a missing person report and seek help from Purple Garden Hotel.
The hotel relayed surveillance footage to the Taipei city police, which showed both Poon and Chan entering the hotel on 16 February but only Chan leaving the next morning, dragging the pink suitcase behind him.
Under caution, Chan confessed to killing his girlfriend and revealed where he disposed of the body, upon which the Hong Kong police placed him under arrest on 13 March.
Even with Chan's confession to murder, the Hong Kong police could not prosecute him on murder or manslaughter since they did not have jurisdiction over crimes committed outside the city under the territorial principle.
The charges were later amended to four counts of money laundering, since the money he withdrew from Poon's account were proceeds of an indictable offence.
Chan pled guilty to all four counts, and he was sentenced to 29 months in prison, to be released on 23 October 2019.
The Taiwan High Prosecutors Office asked the Hong Kong government for mutual legal assistance three times in the span of six months from mid to late 2018 but received no response.
In December 2018, prosecutors in Taipei issued a warrant for Chan, but since Hong Kong and Taiwan had no mutual legal assistance treaty in place, they had to go through political channels to seek assistance from the Hong Kong government to help bring the accused to stand trial in a Taiwanese court.
Hong Kong, as a special administrative region of China, could not establish its own treaty with Taiwan since China considers Taiwan a breakaway province and does not recognise the island's government.
Hong Kong also did not have any extradition agreements with mainland China as a safeguard between the different legal systems of China and Hong Kong, a former British colony that operates on its own laws derived from English law.
This safeguard prevents Hong Kong from handing over accused persons to any part of China, which from China's (and thus Hong Kong's) point of view includes Taiwan.
Opponents of the bill urged the Hong Kong government to explore other avenues, such as establishing an extradition arrangement solely with Taiwan, and to sunset the arrangement immediately after the surrender of the suspect.
The Taiwanese government also stated it would not enter into any extradition agreement with Hong Kong that defined Taiwan as part of the People's Republic of China.
It opposed the proposed bill on grounds that Taiwanese citizens would be at greater risk of being extradited to Mainland China.
On 9 June, protesters estimated to number from hundreds of thousands to more than a million marched in the streets and called for the bill to be withdrawn and for Chief Executive Carrie Lam to step down.
Even with such a showing, the government announced that it would press forward with the second reading of the bill on 12 June.
This prompted an escalation in some protesters' methods to stall the bill on 12 June, which resulted in intense standoff between the protesters who gathered outside the Legislative Council Complex and the police, who have deployed tear gas and rubber bullets.
Subsequent protests expanded their goals to include demands for investigations on allegations of police brutality and electoral reform, spread to different districts throughout the city, and are still ongoing .
On 4 September, after 13 weeks of protests, Lam officially promised to withdraw the bill upon the resumption of the legislative session from its summer recess.
On 23 October Secretary for Security John Lee announced the government's formal withdrawal of the bill, coincidentally on the same day as Chan Tong-kai's release from prison.
The decision to withdraw the extradition bill leaves Hong Kong authorities few options to send Chan to Taiwan to stand trial.
On 18 October, days before Chan was to be released, the Hong Kong government released a statement reiterating that they have no jurisdiction over Chan's alleged crimes in Taiwan, and they have no grounds to extend his sentence, implying that Chan could walk free after his release.
On the other hand, the statement said Chan expressed willingness to surrender himself to Taiwanese authorities, and has asked the Hong Kong government to help make the proper arrangements.
Taiwan initially refused this arrangement, citing the need to have a judicial assistance agreement with Hong Kong so it can obtain key documents relating to the case.
In addition, the Taiwanese government under the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) expressed scepticism at Chan's willingness to surrender, suspecting it to be a Chinese ploy to dilute Taiwan's claim to self-rule by denying it a formal channel to negotiate with Hong Kong.
It is suspected that Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen, who had long supported the protesters in Hong Kong against the extradition bill, was sensitive to issues relating to sovereignty as the 2020 Taiwan presidential elections drew close.
One day before Chan's release, Taiwan reversed its position and offered to take him back, but insisted that he be escorted by Taiwanese officials sent to Hong Kong.
This solution would imply more judicial autonomy for Taipei, but the Hong Kong rejected the offer, emphasising Taiwanese officials have no law enforcement power in Hong Kong.
On the day of his release on 23 October, Chan apologised to Poon Hui-wing's family and the Hong Kong society in general, obliquely referring to the unrest that he ultimately caused in the city, and asked for forgiveness.
Reverend Canon Peter Douglas Koon had purchased tickets to accompany Chan to fly to Taiwan on the day of his release, but they were unable to board the flight due to the timing of his release.
As the case became a sensitive political issue, Reverend Koon expressed that Chan would consider delaying his surrender to Taiwan until the presidential elections are over.
Reva Potashin ( – ) was a Canadian psychologist known for her contributions to the field of sociometry (the measurement of social groups).
Potashin continued her graduate studies in psychology at the University of Toronto, earning a master's degree in 1944 and a Ph.D. in 1951.
Potashin joined the psychology faculty at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1952, where she would remain until her retirement in 1986.
Potashin conducted a number of studies during her graduate studies that were influential in her field of sociometry, a method for measuring and describing social groups.
Her results demonstrated that children with close friendships tended to be generally accepted by their classmates, whereas those without friends experienced less acceptance.
In the sociometric measure, children without friends tended to identify popular members of their class as their friends (who did not reciprocate their nomination).
In this study, she observed children in conversation (on a specific topic selected by the experimenter), and compared various factors in their discussions, such as the overall length of the discussion and differences between partners' participation in the discussion.
Škoda 33Tr SOR is a low-floor articulated trolleybus produced in cooperation of Škoda Transportation (electrical equipment and assembly) and SOR, which supplies the body based on the bus SOR NS 18.
It took its name from being manufactured by a special method of cutting steering gears which had been patented by Reginald Bishop of London in the early 1920s.
Used by most quantity-produced British small cars from the 1920s to the 1950s the boxes were manufactured for Cam Gears by their Luton associate George Kent Limited.
Competing in a variety of sports events—from weekly fun runs to both local and international competitions—Mangrobang pursued competitive training in 2014, supported by her Portuguese coach, Sergio Santos.
Mangrobang won her third gold medal at the 30th Southeast Asian (SEA) Games women's triathlon at the Subic Bay Boardwalk in Zambales.
Her anthology of poetry Rato Ghar was awarded the 2016 Sulav Tamang Wangmaya Puraskar Award by the Sulav Tamang Prativa Pratisthan.
She studied a Bachelor of Arts (Music) and a Graduate Diploma of Education at the University of Queensland, and a Master of Music Studies (Vocal Performance) at the Queensland Conservatorium of Music.
At each Pub Choir event, Jorgensen arranges a popular song and teaches it to a non-trained audience in three-part harmony, concluding with a performance which is filmed and shared on social media.
She was awarded the 2019 Queensland Community Foundation Emerging Philanthropist of the Year as a result of her charitable work with Pub Choir.
Dmytro Khorkin is the main voice (narrator) of the official events of Ukraine, announcer and narrator of the military parades for Independence Day and Victory Day on Independence Square in Kyiv in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019.
Khorkin's voice became remarkable for official events with the participation of the country's top officials and for supporting the Ukrainian army, that's why he had received threats from pro-Russian separatists before the 2016 military parade.
He also used to work as an over-voice actor for Ukrainian TV channels – his voice is spoken by the characters of drama films, documentaries, advertising on channels: ICTV, Tonis, Channel 5, First National, TVi and others.
In 2017 he became the General Producer of Ukrainian Radio as a part of the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine (UA:PBC).
As a result, the weekly coverage of Ukrainian Radio increased by 67% in 9 months of the first media season, and the First Channel of Ukrainian Radio had been ranked in the TOP-5 national radio stations by news listening rating, according to Internews (in previous years it was not even in TOP-10).
The Atlantic Council noticed, that the transformation of Ukrainian public radio, led by Dmitry Khorkin, is proof that a public service outlet is not doomed in Ukraine.
The F Club (later known as Fan Club) was a punk rock and post-punk club night in Leeds that ran between 1977 and 1982.
It was held at various venues across the city during its tenure, including Leeds Polytechnic, the Ace of Clubs, the Continental Club and Brannigan's.
The club was foundational in the emergence of the goth subculture and led to other high profile clubs in the scene, such as the Batcave.
It was frequented by members of many influential post-punk and gothic rock groups such as the Sisters of Mercy, Gang of Four, The March Violets, New Model Army and Southern Death Cult.
While here, the night was host to groups such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and The Banshees, the Mekons and Gang of Four.
During this period, performances were less frequent due Eddy Morrison's white power skinheads bringing performances by many non-nationalist groups to a halt.
It was here that Andrew Eldritch and Gary Marx, who would go on to be the founding lineup of The Sisters of Mercy first met.
Bands such as Soft Cell, New Model Army, The Danse Society, Skeletal Family and Southern Death Cult also formed at the club during this period.
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 15 and 16 October.
The 2019–20 Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball team represent the University of Tulsa during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Golden Hurricane, led by sixth-year head coach Frank Haith, play their home games at the Reynolds Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of the American Athletic Conference.
The original cast was Nicolò Grimaldi (Ambleto), Maria Domenica Pini (Veremonda), Lorenzo Santorini (Fengone), Maria Maddalena Bonavia (Gerilda), Vittoria Costa (Ildegarde), Pasqualino Betti (Valdemaro) and Domenico Fontani (Siffrido).
A bilingual libretto produced by Jacob Tonson was published at the same time, and a collection of songs from the opera later in the year.
Zeno and Pariati did not claim to have used Shakespeare’s work as their source, and the libretto they created tells a story somewhat different to the English drama.
However the theme of incest does not appear in Gasparini’s work, and the ghost of Ambleto’s father likewise does not appear.
The prince does not stab the king to death as he does in Shakespeare’s play, but makes him captive and sentences him to death.
She is a Post-Doctoral researcher at Royal Holloway, University of London and a research fellow at the Institute of Classical Studies.
She is a founding member and current steering committee member of the Women's Classical Committee UK, a group who aim to support women in Classics, promote feminist and gender-informed perspectives in Classics, raise the profile of the study of women in antiquity and Classical reception, and advance equality and diversity in Classics.
Christian political movements range from Christian socialism, Christian communism, and Christian anarchism the left, to Christian democracy on the centre, to the Christian right.
Islamic terrorism has been evident in the actions of the Islamic State, Boko Haram, Taliban and Al-Qaeda, all paraticioners of jihadism.
There has also been cases of Jewish religious terrorism, such as the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, as well as of Sikh terrorism, such as the bombing of Air India Flight 182.
Religious political issues may involve, but are not limited to, those concerning freedom of religion, applications of religious law, and the right to religious education.
Modern day recognised theocracies include the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Holy See, while the Taleban and Islamic State are insurgencies attempting to create such polities.
Over 20% (a total of 43) of the countries in the world have a state religion, most of them (27) being Muslim countries.
A more extreme version, Laïcité, is practiced in France and in Turkey, which prohibits all religious expressions in many public contexts.
Some states are explicitly atheistic, usually those which were produced by revolution, such as various socialist states or the French First Republic.
Makerere University Teaching Hospital, (MUTH), is a planned hospital, to be constructed in Katalemwa, Wakiso District, in the northern suburbs of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.
The hospital would be located along the Kampala–Gayaza Road in the neighborhood called Katalemwa, in Wakiso District, in the northern suburbs of the capital city of Kampala, approximately , by road, north of Mulago National Referral Hospital.
As of December 2019, Makerere University, Uganda′s oldest and largest public university, was in advanced stages of plannings to build a private teaching hospital in the northern suburbs of Kampala, the capital city of that East African country.
The 200-bed hospital is to be hosted on of land that the university owns in the Katalemwa neighborhood, in Wakiso District, off of the Kampala–Gayaza Road.
It is expected to host interns, while they practice medicine under supervision for one year, before they attain an unrestricted licence to practice medicine.
He went on to study singing and composition with Honoré Langlé, piano with Nicolas-Joseph Hüllmandel, and the harp with Francesco Petrini.
On completing his studies Plantade became a singing teacher and began publishing collections of romances which brought him to the attention of a wider public.
He retired to Batignolles where his last years were marred by financial difficulties and a grave illness which lasted three years and led to his death in Paris at the age of 75.
Plantade's funeral, attended by many of his former pupils and artists of the Paris Opéra, was held at Notre-Dame-de-Lorette in Paris followed by interment in Père-Lachaise cemetery.
Plantade and his wife Marguerite Louise Bataille had two sons, the elder of whom was Charles-François Plantade (1787–1870), a composer and founding member of the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire.
Plantade published multiple pieces of secular vocal music—twenty collections of romances for solo voice and three collections of nocturnes for two voices.
Aside from bombing of the London Stock Exchange, the plotters planned the establishment of a jihadist training camp in Azad Kashmir on land owned by one of the suspects, Usman Khan.
The plotters were monitored by covert listening device and found to be engaged in Holocaust denial by claiming that fewer than 100,000 Jews died in the Holocaust.
Other targets included: the U.S. Embassy in London, two rabbis each from a separate synagogue, the Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral, and Boris Johnson; the plotters had procured their addresses.
The main focus of the East London group was to attack targets in the UK The most active was the Stoke group, which had as primary goal to set up the terrorist camp to be disguised as a madrassa, though bombing pubs in Stoke was also discussed.
The conspirators were arrested in December 2010; all nine network members pled guilty and eight were convicted of engaging in preparation for acts of terrorism.
Professor Peter Davidson of Oxford University claimed that the carol was written by Anna Alcox in the 1650s, but her name was not attributed to it as she was from a family of Catholic recusants; she was also six years old at the time of writing and was under the age of legal responsibility.
María Fernanda Tamayo Rivera is an Ecuadorian law enforcement official, the first woman to become the country's inspector general of police.
However, after finishing her secondary education, Tamayo could not attend the Superior Police School since women were not yet admitted to the institution, so she opted for her second passion, technology, and entered the National Polytechnic School as a systems engineering major.
Two years later, Tamayo left the program after the National Police began to admit women, receiving 700 applicants, of which 32 were selected.
After graduating, she and her companions were assigned to research units with more administrative positions, in areas such as migration, where she spent four years.
She aspired to be part of the Intelligence and Rescue Group (GIR), but was unable to as it did not admit women.
In 2014, she became the first officer to lead the Alberto Enríquez Gallo Higher Police School, where she was responsible for inclusion and gender equality in the training of officers.
In 2016 she was promoted from colonel to the rank of general and designated director of planning of the National Police.
On November 30, 2018, Tamayo became the first woman to be promoted to inspector general of the public force, in a ceremony where President Lenín Moreno and Interior Minister María Paula Romo recognized Tamayo's career and efforts.
Born in Lubumbashi, Republic of the Congo (former Belgian Congo), Van der Plaetsen studied at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly (Paris), the then at the Collège Saint-Sulpice (Paris).
Kigilyakhs, rock formations that are an important element of the culture of the Yakuts, are found in the Suor Uyata range.
to the ESE of the eastern end of the range, on the right bank of the Alazeya River, rises the high Kisilyakh-Tas, another important Kigilyakh site.
The Suor Uyata rises in the northwestern area of the Kolyma Lowland, only to the east of the eastern end of the Ulakhan-Sis Range.
To the north rises the Ulakhan-Tas (Улахан-Тас), a ridge that stretches roughly northwards for about , whose tallest peak is high.
The sources of several rivers are on the range, including the Bolshaya Khomus-Yuryakh, Maly Khomus-Yuryakh, Kumuruk-Yuryakh, Soldat and Bya, as well as some source area tributaries of the Sundrun River on the western side.
The area of the Suor Uyata is part of the migration corridor of the Sundrun reindeer population, which includes the adjoining Ulakhan-Tas, the Kondakov Plateau to the NW, and the forest tundra of the Rossokha River basin.
She studied under Prof. (Zhelcho Mandadzhiev) and Prof. Grisha Ostrovski at the Krastyo Sarafov National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts.
After some difficult times as an actor she turned to politics and she was elected as the deputy mayor of Pazardzhik from 2003 to 2007.
Tan Gin Ho, Luitenant der Chinezen (1880–1941) was a bureaucrat, Malay-language writer and scion of the influential Tan family of Cirebon, part of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
Born in Cirebon, Tan was the eldest son of Ong Hwie Nio and Tan Tjin Kie, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen, the head administrator of the Chinese community of Cirebon (1852–1919).
From 1907 until 1909, Luitenant Tan Gin Ho was on leave from active duty, and was temporarily replaced by his brother-in-law, Luitenant Kwee Tjong In.
Supposedly the most expensive car in Java at the time, this acquisition triggered an interest in car ownership in Tan’s extended family, including their cousins, the Kwee family of Ciledug.
This, Tan’s best-known work, details the days leading to his father’s death, the funeral arrangements and ceremonies, as well as the messages of condolences and visiting dignitaries.
It is illustrated with photographs from the private family collection, showing the lavish world of the Tan family of Cirebon in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
A newspaper article from 1919 put the estimated total costs of the late Majoor’s funeral and mausoleum at 580,000 guilders – in today’s currency (2019), a multimillion-US dollar sum.
Tan’s book proved a kind of eulogy to his family’s status as the preeminent and oldest dynasty of the Cabang Atas in the Residency of Cirebon.
In 1922, Luitenant Tan Gin Ho and his brother, Tan Gin Han, filed a bankruptcy petition, and were forced to sell Loewoenggadjah – one of Java’s largest, Chinese-owned sugar mills that had been founded in 1828 by their great-grandfather, Kapitein Tan Kim Lim.
Luitenant Tan Gin Ho's first published work was a re-adaptation of a European hagiographic work on Napoleon, Emperor of the French.
For the rest of the 1930s and early 1940s, he authored, translated and readapted books on literature, history, religion and astrology.
Princy Mangalika is a Sri Lankan social activist and a HIV/AIDS victim who is also well known for her efforts in fighting AIDS infection in Sri Lanka.
In March 2019, she was acknowledged as one of twelve female change-makers in Sri Lanka by the parliament, coinciding with International Women's Day.
She was discriminated in the society ever since becoming a victim to the disease and it inspired her to lay the foundation to the Positive Women's Network.
Being ill-treated in the society, at the age of 53, she co-founded Positive Women's Network along with a HIV affected doctor Kamalika Abeyratne in 2009 with the aim of taking care of people who are affected by the AIDS.
In 2012, her organization Positive Women's Network received the Red Ribbon Award from United Nations for the outstanding community services to the people who are diagnosed with AIDS.
She was also honored with the Unsung Heroine award as a part of the Ada Derana Sri Lankan of the Year in 2016.
Denzil George Miller (30 April 1951 — 30 November 2019) was a marine scientist and expert on Antarctic conservation, fisheries, policy and governance.
Miller worked as a scientist for the Marine and Coastal Affairs branch of South Africa's Department of Environmental Affairs for 23 years, from 1979 until 2002.
During this time, he attended the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) as a member of the South African delegation.
In October of 2007, he was one of six international recipients to be awarded the Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Medal for his contributions to Antarctic conservation and fisheries management.
In 2011, he was made a member of the Order of Australia recognizing his service to the conservation of Antarctic Marine Life.
The Asian Qualification Tournament for the 2020 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was a volleyball tournament for men's national teams held in Jiangmen, China from 7 to 12 January 2020.
The top eight teams from the 2019 Asian Championship which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Summer Olympics qualified for this tournament.
The Crums were connected by marriage with Larg's most notable resident, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, who had built a large mansion, Netherhall, in the town.
William I. Goldman (March 27, 1856 – January 25, 1922), also known as Billy Goldman, was an American commercial photographer based in Reading, Pennsylvania.
A freemason and pillar of the community, Goldman photographed the respectable citizens of Reading but also secretly assembled a collection of photographs of the prostitutes of Sallie Shearer's brothel, which was near his studio.
His brothel photographs were apparently known only to Goldman and his subjects and, as far as is known, were not sold or published during his lifetime.
They were mounted in albums where they remained until the early 21st century when they were acquired by Robert Flynn Johnson, a historian of photography, who published them in 2018.
They have been described as offering insights into the costume and interior decoration of the period as well as the social conditions of working-class women for some of whom prostitution was seen as preferable to poorly-paid factory or shop work where they often faced demands for sex from their superiors.
He built a successful business using the reputation and training he had acquired with Hafer and made a specialism of carbonettes when they were introduced.
At the same time as photographing the respectable citizens of Reading, Goldman also secretly assembled a collection of mostly nude and semi-nude photographs of the prostitutes at Sallie Shearer's brothel on the corner of North 8th and Walnut streets in Reading, only a ten-minute walk from his studio on Penn Street.
Reading was a fast-expanding city in the late 19th century, its growth spurred by the arrival of the railway that brought workers and businessmen in and with a hierarchy of places where sex could be purchased.
Goldman's collection, which has been compared to that of E. J. Bellocq in New Orleans, was found by Robert Flynn Johnson around 2010 in the stock of a postcard dealer at a fair in Concord, California.
He initially bought only two photographs before visiting the dealer at her home in the Sierra Foothills and gradually purchasing the rest of the collection.
The dealer told him that the photographs had been bought by her late husband at a gun show in Cincinnati, Ohio, and had originally been mounted in albums from which they had been removed.
As well as many nude and semi-nude images of Shearer's employees, the collection also includes images of the women carrying out daily activities, a set of nudes of a man in athletic and action poses who is described as a customer, three images of a black woman, a pregnant woman, and a nude photograph of Goldman that may be a self-portrait.
While some of the pictures appear to have been taken at Shearer's house, others include props, sets, and costumes characteristic of a professional photographic studio such as the set of images showing a crescent moon and others in which women are shown draped like Greek goddesses or praying.
Johnson searched archives in Pennsylvania and found no evidence that the images were distributed, nor does he believe that they were used as a catalogue for male customers as the high turnover of women in an establishment like Shearer's made that impractical.
It is notable throughout how relaxed the women are in front of the camera, indicating that they were in the presence of someone they trusted, although some hide their faces.
Dennita Sewell has commented on the elaborate variety of undergarments on show such as stockings, petticoats, and corsets, the removal of which was part of a striptease performed for the camera and the customer but which, while typical of those worn by respectable middle class women of the period, were far more expensive than working class women could normally afford.
In 2018, photographs from his collection were exhibited at the Ricco/Maresca gallery in New York and subsequently at the Serge Sorokko Gallery in San Francisco.
A book about his life and collection was published by Glitterati Editions in 2018 with a text by Robert Flynn Johnson, a foreword by Dita Von Teese, a preface by gender historian professor Ruth Rosen, and an essay on costume by fashion historian and curator Dennita Sewell.
The album captures Kelly show from the forecourt of Sydney Opera House which was broadcast live across the Australia on the ABC.
The ringstone is a distinctive type of artefact and miniature sculpture made in India during the approximate period of the Mauryan Empire (c. 322–185 BCE) and the following Sunga Empire (187–78 BCE).
They are in stone, with the top side very finely carved in relief with several circular zones of decoration running around the hole in the centre.
They may have a specific religious purpose, or a more general one promoting fertility, or been used to make jewellery by pressing metal foil over the designs.
About 70 have been found, many only as fragments, with a 2014 find in Thailand the first from outside the Indian subcontinent; it is assumed this was imported from India.
The example in the Cleveland Museum of Art, where the three pairs of female figures have wide skirts, then has a cable or rope pattern border, then a zone of animals in profile, with their feet on the inside.
One suggestion is that they were matrices for moulding by beating thin sheets of metal, probably gold foil, as jewellery, which has always been important in Indian culture, but has very few survivals from ancient times.
Though not liked by some scholars, this theory may have gained some ground with the 2014 find in Thailand, which was found near fragments of thin gold foil, one of which had an animal pattern very similar to that on the ringstone.
It is agreed that the ringstones themselves are too heavy to have been worn, although this had been suggested by Ananda Coomaraswamy.
Apart from the recent Thai find, the findspots range (like Mauryan territory) across north India, from Taxila in the Punjab (now Pakistan) in the north-west to Patna, Bihar in the east; most have been found in urban centres on the Grand Trunk Road, such as these.
As they are easily portable, and have very consistent characteristics, they may all have been made in a single centre, for which Pataliputra (now Patna), the capital of the successive Mauryan and Sunga empires, is one obvious candidate.
The ringstone seems to have developed into the discstone, which is similar in shape, but with a flat top with a plain circular space in the middle, rather than an actual hole.
They are also in stone, but not quite as precisely carved, with mostly plant-based decoration that is not divided in narrow circular zones in the same way.
Several major museums outside India have examples, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art (3), Cleveland Museum of Art, British Museum (2), Berlin State Museums, Victoria and Albert Museum in London (the only example with a provenance, from Taxila), and LACMA.
The club was formed in Bab Souika in 1919 as Espérance sportive de Tunis, and played their first competitive match in 1919, when they entered the 1919–20 .
The club has won a total of 60 major trophies, including the national championship a record 29 times also won the Tunisian Cup a record 15 times, the Tunisian Super Cup 4 time, the CAF Champions League 4 time, the CAF Cup Winners' Cup 1 time, the CAF Cup 1 time, the CAF Super Cup 1 time, the Afro-Asian Cup 1 time, and the UAFA Club Cup 3 time.
This is a list of the seasons played by Espérance Sportive de Tunis from 1957 when the club first entered a league competition to the most recent seasons.
As of the 2018–19 season, Espérance Sportive de Tunis have won a total of 60 titles (regional competitions not considered), of which 48 were achieved domestically and 12 in international competitions.
John Lloyd Barke (16 December 1916–1976) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Sheffield United.
Andreas Dreizler (born March 27, 1966 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) is a German physicist, professor of mechanical engineering at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and heads the division of reactive flows and measurement technology.
In 2014, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, the highest award for researchers in Germany, for his achievements in quantitative laser diagnostics of reactive flows.
His scientific achievements include, for example the world's first measurements of carbon water concentrations and temperatures in flames using nonlinear optics.
He then worked as a technology consultant for laser technology at the Association of German Engineers in Düsseldorf and as a university assistant and working group leader at the Institute for Technical Combustion at the University of Stuttgart.
He is a member of the German Bunsen Society for Physical Chemistry, the Optical Society and the German Section of the Combustion Institute.
Anna Maria Siarkowska nee Jabłońska (born 23 March 1982 in Warsaw) – is a Polish politician, member of the VIII and IX Sejm.
Nalmuri is a village within the jurisdiction of the Bhangar police station in the Bhangar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the northern part of the subdivision is a flat plain bordering the metropolis of Kolkata.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Nalmuri had a total population of 3,411, of which 1,735 (51%) were males and 1,676 (49%) were females.
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 1 was the opening event of the season and was held in Östersund, Sweden, from 30 November to 8 December 2019.
It is a small, erect shrub, with softly pointed, green diamond shaped leaves, and white tubular flowers that form a dense spherical group.
The seed of some strains exhibits a dormancy stage that is reportedly overcome by storage in a dark place for 3-6 months.
The origin of ‘corymb’ around the early 18 century, is either French, from the word corymbe; or Latin, from corymbus, which stemmed from the Greek word korumbos, meaning ‘cluster’.
Bandhay Aik Dor Say is an upcoming 2019 Pakistani romantic television series produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under 7th Sky Entertainment.
As of 2019, a fully working FACOM 128B is still in working order, maintained by Fujitsu staff at a facility in Numazu in Shizuoka Prefecture.
The following is the list of squads that took part in the men's water polo tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
An invasive test is a type of medical procedure that requires trained medical providers to use instruments that cut skin (or other connective tissue) or that are inserted into a body opening.
The major difference between invasive and non-invasive tests is that invasive tests are done by cutting or entering a body part using medical instruments, whereas non-invasive tests do not require breaking the skin or entering the body.
During this procedure, a physician measures the pressure inside the heart, evaluates arteries delivering blood to the heart, and observes how well the heart is pumping.
A catheter with a small balloon is inserted into the blocked artery and dilated to open the artery that supplies the heart muscle with blood.
The narrowed arteries are widened by inserting a catheter carrying a device such as a rotating drill or a cutter into the artery.
A coronary stent is a cylinder of wire mesh that is placed in a previously blocked artery to ensure that it stays open.
There are various types of equipment used for performing invasive procedures, with each instrument's shape and size depending on what body part needs surgery.
Some instruments are hand-held tools and are made of carbon steel, aluminum, or titanium which are used by skilled physicians to perform surgical tasks.
In order to perform an invasive test or surgery it is important that the procedure, as with any medical procedure, should be performed in a sterile environment, such as a well-equipped operating room or intensive care unit.
Early diagnosis will result in more effective treatment and will save both the patient and the hospital time and money.Careful monitoring of the patient is necessary such as checking their heart rate and blood pressure as well as their mental status before and after the procedure.
During the 1975 Army reform the army reorganized its aviation units and for the first time created aviation units above battalion level.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: groupings, and later regiments, are numbered with a single digit and named for stars in the 88 modern constellationss.
On 25 June 1979 the grouping activated the ITALAIR Squadron in Naqoura in Lebanon as asset of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon.
On the same day the 28th Tucano also received the Army Aviation Center's Liaison and Regional Transport Planes Squadron (ACTR Squadron) with P180E Avanti II planes and the ITALAIR Squadron transferred to the Army Aviation Command.
The 28th Tucano's ACTR squadron fields three P180E Avanti II planes, the ACTL squadron three Do 228-212 planes, and the UAV squadron twenty RQ-7 Shadow 200 drones.
Microsoft researchers Nikolaj Bjørner and Leonardo de Moura received the 2019 Herbrand Award for Distinguished Contributions to Automated Reasoning in recognition of their work in advancing theorem proving with Z3.
The solver can be built using Visual Studio, a Makefile or using CMake and runs on Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, and macOS.
Jirongachhi is a village within the jurisdiction of the Bhangar police station in the Bhangar II CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the northern part of the subdivision is a flat plain bordering the metropolis of Kolkata.
According to the 2011 Census of India, Jirongachhi had a total population of 5,193, of which 2,724 (52%) were males and 2,769 (53%) were females.
Roger Woodward Gibbs (2 October 1932 – 25 October 2012) was a New Zealand swimmer who represented New Zealand at the 1950 British Empire Games.
Born in Christchurch on 2 October 1932, Gibbs was a 17-year-old schoolboy when he was selected to swim for New Zealand at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland.
In his heat of the men's 110 yards backstroke, he swam a time of 1:18.7 and did not progress to the final.
Gibbs later worked as a wool buyer and an insurance company manager, and retired to Greytown after living in the Wellington suburb of Wadestown for 40 years.
In order to promote the album, Lipa announced the Future Nostalgia Tour, consisting of 24 shows in Europe and commencing in April 2020.
She stated that its songs will incorporate genres of disco and pop, inspired by artists such as Gwen Stefani, Madonna, Moloko, Blondie and Outkast.
In the same month, Lipa stated that she had been spending the past year in the writing process for an upcoming second studio album.
She is also scheduled to headline the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras on 29 February, and BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend in May 2020.
It was also certified gold in Belgium, Italy and Spain, platinum in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and double platinum in Brazil.
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, cottages, shops and offices, the majority of which are within the town.
The other listed buildings include churches, items in churchyards, public houses and hotels, a market cross, milestones and a milepost, a school, and a drinking fountain.
In 2016, she became word champion in 57 kg kickboxing winning over Belgian Vanessa de Waelle by points at the WKU World Title Fight in Kickboxing with Knie held in Istanbul, Turkey.
She won the world champion title for the seconf time defeating Austrian Christin Fedller at the ISKA Vendetta Professional World Kickboxing Championships in Vienna, Austria in 2018.
At her first fight for Bellator London 2 in November 2019, she lost to Dutch Denise Kielholtz by Americana submission in 32 seconds in the first round.
They played their home games at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium and competed in the Pacific-10 Conference, where they finished first with a 23–1 record.
The Wildcats were invited to the 1994 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament, where they swept the West Regional and then completed a run through the Women's College World Series to claim their third overall, and second consecutive, NCAA Women's College World Series Championship.
Charles Lloyd Tuckey (14 February 1854 – 12 August 1925) was an English physician who is widely credited with reintroducing medical hypnotism or hypnotherapy to the United Kingdom.He was born in Canterbury and educated at Kings College before attending medical school at King's College London and Aberdeen University.
He was a member of the Society for Psychical Research and investigated hypnotic phenomena as chair of the organisation's Hypnotism committee.
The Michigan Wolverines baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Michigan in the Big Ten Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
In those seasons, ten coaches have won conference championships with the Wolverines, four coaches have won conference tournament championships, and two coaches have won national championships: Ray Fisher and Don Lund.
The 1994 NCAA Division I softball season, play of college softball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began in February 1994.
The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 1994 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and 1994 Women's College World Series.
The Women's College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held in Oklahoma City at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium, ended on May 30, 1994.
Organizations under control of the Supreme Leader of Iran belongs to organization which they are overruled under the supervision of the Supreme Leader of Iran based on the ratification of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and approvals of Islamic Consultative Assembly or government after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
Distinct from Hado Labo proper, Hada Labo Tokyo is manufactured by Mentholatum (a subsidiary of Rohto) for the American market, differing in branding, products and formulation.
In 2005, the brand changed their packaging from glass to plastic bottles, and began offering their products in refill pouch variations.
In November 2019, Hada Labo revised all the packaging from their Gokujyun and Shirojyun lines to be made from plant-derived materials.
The 1994 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 24-30 July 1994 at the Leicester Velodrome.
It would be the last championships held at the Leicester Velodrome because a new National Cycling Centre in Manchester which included the Manchester Velodrome had been opened by Princess Anne on 14 September 1994.
At the age of ten he also played the violin and was considered a gifted pianist; four years later he conducted in a small theatre in Berlin.
As the artistic recording director of the German Edison company, he became acquainted with and mastered the possibilities of sound recording as early as the 1890s.
He directed recordings of the opera ensembles of Berlin, Dresden, Munich and Vienna and organized the necessary recording facilities and rooms.
From 1923 to 1925 he worked as an orchestra leader in Chicago and from 1926 to September 1932, as a predecessor of Eugen Jochum, conducted the Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin of the .
Numerous recordings have been preserved that were made with the singer Otto Reutter from 1902 until shortly after the First World War and Váša Příhoda.
From the beginning of the 1930s he was engaged at the Universität der Künste Berlin in the training of young artists for the musical design of radio programmes.
International Reserves of the Russian Federation are liquid assets held by the Russian Federation`s central bank or other monetary authority in order to implement monetary policies effecting the country's currency exchange rate and ensuring the payment of its imports.
Nedim Türfent is a Kurdish-Turkish journalist who worked as a correspondent for Dicle News Agency (DIHA) in the South East of Turkey.
He was jailed after the shuttering of Dicle News Agency in 2016, was detained without charge for the first 13 months of his imprisonment.
Witnesses who gave evidence against Türfent later stated that they had been deposed under torture, and the prosecution also relied on anonymous testimony.
Türfent is also a poet, and his case has been taken up by organisations like PEN International and the Irish arm of The Freedom to Write Campaign.
It was opened on 23 April 1988 as part of the extension of Line 1 from Chacaíto to Los Dos Caminos.
Indeed, the bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) scheme was adopted for reconstruction of dentate patients by both the gnathology school working on the West Coast of America and the Pankey-Mann Schuyler group working on the East Coast of the United States of America observed that using a balanced occlusion in dentate patients was suboptimal, in that this was associated this with restoration failure and cheek biting.
He describes that there should be a shift from a standardized visual aesthetic and instead the appearance of the complete denture should enable patients to 'regain their own personal imperfect dental identity', disregarding any occlusal scheme.
In this systematic review, they evaluated 18 studies with the aim of establishing which of the different occlusal schemes achieved higher patient satisfaction and masticatory performance.
There was no significant difference between 'BBO and other schemes in terms of patient satisfaction and quality of life' in the remaining 13 articles.
From the above observation, 33° 'cuspal formed' teeth were introduced such that the cuspal inclination would be parallel with the condylar angle in the sagittal/horizontal plane when set-up mid-way between the condyle and incisors.
The aim of this scheme was to achieve cuspal contact in excursive movements such that this would improve the stability of the prostheses in lateral excursions and direct forces towards the alveolar ridges.
Lingualized occlusion is defined as a form of denture occlusion that articulates the maxillary lingual cusps with the mandibular occlusal surfaces in centric, working, and non-working mandibular positions.
He observed that more than half of edentulous patients at the University of Zurich had a posterior crossbite following normal physiological residual ridge resorption.
In addition, a lingualised occlusion overcame the difficulties of setting up teeth in the prosthetic laboratory according to a bilateral balanced occlusion.
In this, the mesiodistal ridge of the lower posterior teeth contacted the upper posterior teeth with flat occlusal surface in order to achieve balanced occlusion.
Dr. Max Pleasure introduced the 'Pleasure curve' where he used a reverse Curve of Monson in the premolar area therefore generating a 'lever' balance effect.
The only shortcoming of the original diagram of the Hanau's quint is that Hanau suggested that the condylar guidance can be adjusted, and this created confusion for the others working in the field.
There is a consensus that Hanau's contribution was central to evolution of the laws of articulation in order to achieve BBO.
K = Condyle guidance, I = Incisal guidance, C = Cusp height inclinations, OP = Inclination of the occlusal plane, OK = Curvature of the occlusal surfaces.
Trapozzano also stated that there is no need for compensating curves as an alteration in the cuspal angles will result in balanced occlusion.
Clearly, when considering the sagittal plane only, increasing the condylar angle and the overbite, results in increased separation of the posterior units.
In this scheme, the Lott concept is refined by recording 1) the condylar angle, the simplest method being positional records, 2) and the incisal angle, by incorporating aesthetic and phonetic requirements.
In this bilateral balanced occlusal scheme, the posterior teeth are set up at different angles in the coronal plane; 5° for the first premolar teeth, 10° for second premolar teeth, and 15° angle for both the first and second molar teeth.
In addition, the occlusal surfaces of mandibular posterior teeth are reduced in a buccal lingual dimension with the aim of improving stability of, particularly the lower prosthesis.
Regardless which of the above occlusal schemes are adopted, it is difficult to achieve bilateral balanced occlusion in the prosthetic laboratory.
Notwithstanding this, this aspiration of bilateral balanced occlusion is easier to achieve if the 'Buccal Upper Lingual Lower (BU-LL) and Mesial Upper -Distal Lower (MU-DL)' rules are adopted for adjusting cusps.
When such are taken to the extreme, the resulting occlusal schemes are essentially the lingulized occlusal scheme, or the Frush linear occlusion.
Establishing balanced occlusion bilaterally is difficult because any change in the angulation of the teeth or the curve in buccolingual direction will affect the anteroposterior angulation, hence the difficulty in establishing the balance occlusion inside the patient's mouth.
Another point worthy of note is that the angle of the condyle in medial direction which also affects the direction of force.
It is easy to establish the balanced occlusion on an articulator, but other variables come into play the moment the denture is inside the patient's mouth and this further affects the outcome of treatment.
To achieve this result, he relays a symmetrical fixed rotation on the articulator assuming that this can be used and ideal for complex anatomical situations.
Using this concept, the patient can be trained to open their mandible without movement in the condylar path, demonstrated by McCollum and this movement point located in the condyle, called hinge axis.
On the other hand, Dr Feinstein and Kurth could not find a definite hinge axis point and settled on a 2 mm area of nonmovement in the condylar region.
This included reduction of the buccal cusp in the upper teeth and the lingual cusp of lower teeth in the frontal plane.
Additionally, on the sagittal plane reductions are made on the mesial cusp for upper teeth and distal cusp of the lower teeth.
One of the key factors in establishing the balanced occlusion is the assumption that condylar guidance of the patient is constant or fixed.
Subsequently, it is difficult to state that condylar guidance is constant, and this may affect the statement that it is the only fixed factor in establishing balanced occlusion.
While, questioning this concept may be ignorant, criticizing this technique does not mean it does not work on a clinical level.
Dietary adjustment from an abrasive to soft diet has made a major difference in function, enabling the human dentition to not work as hard as it was before.
Patients and dentists both have a mutualistic, indispensable role in the construction of a fully functional denture, which include elements such as adequate retention, stability, extensions and aesthetic appearance.
Apart from the balanced occlusion schemes as described above, other approaches for obtaining functional occlusion in complete dentures have been proposed.
There are parallels between Bilateral Balanced Occlusion (BBO) and canine guided occlusion in complete dentures in that there are simultaneous contacts in centric occlusion.
Arguments for canine guided occlusion in complete dentures have been gaining momentum because of its ease of fabrication and better patient preference.
As stated above, it has been reported that fabrication of dentures using cuspid protection occlusal scheme both realizable and less time consuming compared to constructing dentures with bilateral balanced occlusion.
The Flame of Freedom (sometimes called Flame of Liberty) is an artwork by French sculptor Marc Coutelier, installed in Odaiba's Symbol Promenade Park, in Tokyo, Japan.
The Cry of the Eagle (Italian: Il grido dell'aquila) is a 1923 Italian drama film directed by Mario Volpe and starring Gustavo Serena and Dillo Lombardi.
It was made as a film supportive of Italy's new regime under Mussolini, and drew direct links between the risorgimento, the First World War and the rise of Fascism.
The Royal Land Company of Virginia was set-up in Rockingham County, Virginia, on 27 March 1876, for the purpose of purchasing and developing mineral lands, mines, and manufacturing their products.
It purchased, in 1876, from private parties and corporations, the fee simple and leases of numerous tracts of coal, iron, other mineral, and timber lands in Virginia and West Virginia, aggregating .
The company specialised in bituminous and anthracite coals, hematite, specular and magnetic iron ores, copper, asbestos, marl, manganese and other minerals, building stones, and the agricultural, mechanical, timber, and other resources of the country tributary to its railway lines.
Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia.
Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).
Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia.
Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).
George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness (d. 1582) was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan in Caithness, Scotland.
In 1570, the Battle of Torran-Roy took place between the forces of George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness and Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland.
Caithness was initially defeated by Sutherland's vassals the Murrays of Aberscross, but he returned to besiege the Murrays at Dornoch after which several of them were beheaded.
The youngest son of Rowland Davies, Dean of Cork from 1710 to 1721, he was born in Cork and educated at Trinity College, Dublin After a curacy at Youghal he held incumbencies at Kilmahon, Aghinagh and Gortroe.
The Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics (also known as JCLA) is a bi-annual academic journal published from India in the field of literature, philosophy and related areas.
The journal addresses interdisciplinary and cross-cultural issues in literary understanding and interpretation, aesthetic theories, conceptual analysis of art, literature, philosophy, religion, mythology, history of ideas, literary theory, history, and criticism.
The Institute was founded on August 22, 1977 coinciding with the birth centenary of legendary philosopher, aesthetician, and historian of Indian art, Ananda K. Coomaraswamy (1877-1947).
Both the Institute and the journal were founded by Ananta Charan Sukla, a former professor of English at Sambalpur University, India.
It is the oldest journal of India in the field of literature and philosophy which is still active, sans any institutional support.
The journal has published articles by renowned scholars like Rene Wellek, Harold Osborne, John Hospers, John Fisher, Murray Krieger, Martin Bocco, Remo Ceserani, J.
Iyengar, V. K. Chari, Charles Altieri, Peter Lamarque, Martin Jay, Jonathan Culler, Richard Shusterman, Robert Kraut, T. J. Diffey, T. R. Quigley, R. B. Palmer, David E. W. Fenner, Keith Keating and G. L. Hagberg.
Rene Wellek, Harold Osborne, Mircea Eliade, Monroe Beardsley, John Hospers, John Fisher, Meyer Abrams and John Boulton have served in the Editorial Board of the Journal.
The journal is indexed and abstracted in the MLA International Bibliography, Master List of Periodicals (USA), Ulrich's Directory of Periodicals, Publons, Philosopher's Index, The York Research Database, CrossRef, JSTOR, EBSCO, ProQuest, HathiTrust, UGC InflibNet and Gale.
Dornbirner Sport Verein is an Austrian association football club from Vorarlberg, based in the town of Dornbirn, which was founded in 1954.
The 2019 Japan Cup was a friendly women's handball tournament held in Shibuya Tokyo, Japan at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium between 21–24 November, organised by the Japan Handball Association as preparation for the home team for the 2019 World Women's Handball Championship and as a test event for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
The 2019 Trail World Championships was the ninth edition of the global trail running competition, organised by the International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) and International Trail Running Association (ITRA).
The department was created in April 2009 to assume the civil servant management powers from the Secretariat of State for Public Administration, as well as the e-administration responsibilities.
The head of the SEFP is the Secretary of State, a non-Cabinet member appointed by the Monarch with the advice of the Minister for Territorial Policy.
The SEFP is integrated by four major departments, the General Secretariat for Digital Administration, the Directorate-General for the Civil Service, the Directorate-General for Public Governance and the Conflicts of Interests Office; and a minor department, the Strategic Planning Office.
The SEFP was created in the government reform of April 2009, which integrated the responsibilities on civil servants in the Ministry of the Presidency, which formerly had the Ministry of Public Administrations through its Secretariat of State for Public Administration.
The SEFP was integrated by the secretary of state and the directors-general for the Civil Service, for the Promotion of Electronic Administration, and of Administrative Organization Procedures.
In October 2010, the Ministry of Territorial Policy and Public Administration is recovered and it re-assumes the powers on the civil service by assuming the Secretariat of State.
This dependency hardly lasts a year because at the end of 2011 the change of government causes the abolishment of the ministry and the secretariat of state that is integrated into the Ministry of Finance and its powers are transferred to the Secretariat of State for Public Administrations.
The 2016 government reform recovers once again the Secretariat of State for the Civil Service and it increases its powers by adding to its structure the Directorate-General for Public Governance, the Conflicts of Interests Office and the General Secretariat for Digital Administration.
The Secretary of State for the Civil Service chairs the Coordination Committee of Inspectorates-General of Services of the ministerial departments, the Open Government Forum and the Sectorial Committee on Open Government.
Andrea Fraunschiel (8 May 1955 – 4 August 2019) was an Austrian politician who was a member of the Federal Council of Austria, member of the of Burgenland, and mayor of Eisenstadt.
From 2002 she held the office of deputy mayor, and on 24 January 2007 she was elected mayor of the city.
In 2004–05 Fraunschiel was a member of the Federal Council, and was then elected to the state parliament of Burgenland in the 2005 elections.
During the 1975 Army reform the army reorganized its aviation units and for the first time created aviation units above battalion level.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: groupings, and later regiments, are numbered with a single digit and named for stars in the 88 modern constellationss.
With the decree 173 from 14 March 1977 the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone granted the grouping a newly created war flag, which has since been awarded five Silver Medals of Civil Valour, one Silver Cross of Army Merit, and one Bronze Medal of Red Cross Merit.
The Apostolic Nunciature to the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960 and the Holy See established its Nunciature to the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 16 February 1963.
The vastness of the area and security disturbances against pro-independence forces in the 2010s made the Indonesian National Armed Forces express the need to form a new regional command in Manokwari, covering northern parts of West Papua.
In 2016, the Indonesian Army, through then Chief of Staff General Mulyono, decided to create a brand new military region, and on December 16, Kodam XVIII/Kasuari, named after the Cassowary bird native to the province of West Papua, was officially raised as the youngest Regional Military Command of the Army.
The construction of the Kasuari Kodam headquarters was on 24.7 hectares of land, which previously belonged to the C Rifle Company.
The land was owned by the Indonesian Army, the headquarters of the C and D Rifle Companies,and today the composite Company's barracks are now relocated to Warmare District.
The current Commander of the region is Major General TNI Joppye Onesimus Wayayangkau, assisted by his Chief of Staff, Brigadier General TNI Ferry Zein.
Today, Kodam XVII/Kasuari is organized as into a singular Military Area Command, Korem 181/Praja Vira Tama, which serves the regencies of the province.
He was one of the eight children of Brazilian military officer and politician José Moreira, who descended from Francisco Manoel da Silva.
An avid athlete, Agenor trained formally in boxing, savate, Greco-Roman wrestling and arm wrestling since his childhood, and also learned capoeira in the docks of Santos.
He had his first national exposure as a fighter in 1917, when he accepted wrestling champion João Baldi's challenge to avoid being taken down for five minutes.
Sinhozinho passed the challenge with shocking ease, lasting an impressive total of 40 minutes against the champion, though the money prize was revealed to be non-existent because the promoter did not expect the challenge to be passed.
However, his carioca school was not based on a single terrain, as Sinhozinho taught in several sport clubs and terrains borrowed from his benefactors, usually around the rich neighborhood of Ipanema beach.
Also, unlike most capoeira mestres, Sinhozinho favored combat effectivity over artistic expression, ditching entirely the art's music and rituals and mixed it liberally with other fighting styles.
He would even build his own training gear and tools to drill the art's movements, and subjected his students to heavy weight training.
Sinhozinho also cultivated the psychological aspect of self-defense, instructing his students to laugh at their aggressors before fighting in order to infuriate them and dissipate their own fear.
Aside from his mentioned challenge with João Baldi, he was reportedly unbeaten in arm wrestling, and he often showed his trainees how to lift heavy weights by doing it himself at his avanced age.
There's also an anecdote about how, upon witnessing a donkey being run over and left agonizing on Arpoador street, Moreira put the animal out of his misery with a single move.
Among the students of his method there were future judo champion Rudolf de Otero Hermanny, wrestlers Reinaldo Lima and Paulo Paiva, athletes Paulo Amaral and Paulo Azeredo, musician Antonio Carlos Jobim and future Olympic Committee president Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha.
A two-day fighting event was hosted by the Federação Metropolitana de Pugilismo in the Estádio Carioca, including also a team a catch wrestlers who had similarly challenged the regional academy.
Jurandir claimed it to be a low blow, but as witnesses and the ring doctor stated otherwise, the result was kept.
In the second on April 7, 17 years old carioca fighter Rudolf Hermanny defeated regional Fernando Rodrigues Perez out in two minutes, dominating the bout and eventually injuring Perez's arm with a kick.
It's said Bimba was so impressed that he learned some movements he saw in the fight to absorb them into his own style.
In 1953, Sinhozinho next challenged the Gracie family, inviting them to send two of their Brazilian jiu-jitsu representatives to a vale tudo charity event in the Vasco de Gama stadium on March 17.
His own carioca fighters would be again Hermanny and Cirandinha, coached by his usual judo consultant Augusto Cordeiro, while the Gracies sent Guanair Gial Gomes and Carlson Gracie.
The Gracie fighter dominated the first minutes, taking dominant position on the ground and executing ground and pound, but Hermanny escaped to his feet.
However, when Gomes removed his gi jacket and took him down again, the carioca started defending actively from his guard with punches, hammerfists and heel kicks to the back, capitalizing on his superior conditioning to wear Gomes down.
After one hour and 10 minutes, with Gomes heavily battered and a fresher Hermanny looking to finish him off on the feet, the former's cornerman Carlos Gracie called for the match to be stopped and ruled a draw.
Dominating the early moments, the stronger Cirandinha punished Carlson standing with a variety of strikes and kicks, followed by a hard hip throw and a heavy hook that almost finished Gracie.
However, Carlson managed to survive the beating, and gradually took over the fight with hit-and-run strikes over Cirandinha, who had became fatigued noticeably quickly.
The jiu-jitsu fighter pulled guard and achieved dominant position, from which he landed punches and elbow strikes and looked for an armlock.
Although Cirandinha did not concede the hold, his corner threw the towel due to his damage and sapped resistance, declaring Carlson the winner to the crowd's cheers.
In June 1953, Sinhozinho's school was challenged by Artur Emídio de Oliveira, capoerista regional from Bahia and a popular vale tudo fighter himself.
Due to the ideological clash between Emídio's traditional capoeira and Sinhozhinho's utilitary version, a bout between Emídio and usual carioca fighter Hermanny was slated to be fought on June 29 in the Palácio de Aluminio.
It was disputed under Burlamaqui's capoeira rules, only including a modification that allowed groundwork, and it featured Carlos and Hélio Gracie as spectators.
At the second, however, after punishing further Emídio with kicks, Hermanny landed his own rasteira and timed a stomp on Emídio's face while the latter was getting up, which proved decisive.
His cultural legacy was obscure, but he has been considered in modern times the mainstay of capoeira in Rio de Janeiro.
The team is composed of players who play in the Tercera División Group 5 and regional lower divisions with eligibility criteria being club (must play for a club in the territory), age (must be between 18 and 35) and amateur status (must never have signed a contract as a professional).
The team plays in the biennial UEFA Regions' Cup and they were runners-up in the overall pan-European tournament in 2013, having won the preceding Spanish qualifying tournament in 2011–12.
The Catalans retained the national stage title (where they compete against equivalent teams from each of the autonomous communities of Spain) in 2013–14, but did not progress from their intermediate group in the subsequent 2015 UEFA Regions' Cup.
The history of the dominant houses in the Shanxi banking shows that it were merchant families who originally began engaging in the monetary business, and they did this often without giving up their original trade.
The shares held by managers carried non-binding votes that were cast exclusively in management meetings, meanwhile the shares of the shareholders (or owners) carried votes which were cast only on Grand Assessment Days, these days were generally held after each fiscal cycle (this was typically 3 or 4 years) and allowed the shareholders to fire or retain managers and reallocate their shares.
The shares that were inherited through death or retirement were made into a special non-voting class of shares with an expiration date that were only paid out divided, this was done to motivate long-term thinking and to keep the heirs of shareholders outside of the decision‐making process.
An assortment of rules prevented abuses of power by branch insiders such as self-dealing, them having side interests which could become a conflict of interest, or even engaging in any other business interests.
Branch employees were also not granted any leave with the notable exception being the funerals of their parents, furthermore branch employees were forbidden from taking their family members with them or marrying while on duty.
During this time the province of Shanxi’s best and brightest men were well advised to forsake the Confucian civil service for careers in the banking sector because of this.
Shanxi became a banking centre during this era, the arising of a banking centre in a remote northern inland Chinese province is akin to the United States' financial centre being in the remote Fargo, North Dakota, rather than in Manhattan.
The Rishengchang was founded in 1823 by Li Daquan, the owner of the Xiyucheng, a dyed goods company that would purchase raw materials in the province of Sichuan and ran stores in the cites of Beijing, Shenyang, Tianjin, and others.
Lei Lutai, possibly a Tianjin (or Beijing) manager of this company, observed expensive shipments of silver often would pass each other, going in opposite directions for vast distances, this inspired Lei to see a business opportunity.
Lei suggested to his boss, Li Daquan, around the year 1823 that this presented an opportunity to replacie expensive private security, wagons, and pack animals with a clearing house for the interregional transfer of money, the settlement of accounts, deposit accounts, loans, and currency exchange services.
The Rishengchang was capitalised with 300,000 taels of silver (or about 450,000 dollars) by Li Daquan, it is possible that Lei Lutai had added 20,000 taels of silver.
After a few years Mao Hongsui ran into some disagreements with Lei Lutai over business strategy and within a couple of years Mao had organised 5 more banks.
These bank drafts could be obtained if a merchant would deposit money in cash at a local branch office, the draft was then ripped in half and one half was given to the seller as an IOU and the other to the branch of the bank of the seller.
After the buyer would confirm the receipt of the goods, the seller could then claim the missing half of the bank draft that was issued to join at his branch office and effect the transfer of monetary funds into his account there.
To deal with the transfer of large amounts of cash from one branch to another, the company introduced drafts, cashable in the company's many branches around China.
Although this new method was originally designed for business transactions within the Xiyuecheng Company, it became so popular that in 1823 the owner gave up the dye business altogether and reorganised the company as a special remittance firm, Rishengchang Piaohao.
Because the descendants of merchants (a class which includes bankers) were not allowed to take any civil service examinations for 3 generations the majority of the Chinese magistrates came from other classes of the four occupations, mostly from the land owning classes.
Because the merchant class couldn't rely on the magistrates for fair justice they had to create their own system of enforcing contracts, this system included a general manager chosen by the shareholders, these general managers usually had a team of vice presidents that were tasked to supervise the clerks and other bank employees.
The society of the Qing dynasty was one where the general population tended to have a mistrust of outsiders, usually people only trusted their direct family members or people with whom they had established ties that were longstanding.
Despite these societal factors, Chinese merchant guilds, which were monopolistic in nature, had found a way to circumvent these issues by vouching for traveling merchants that were paying members.
The decision to completely limit the fulfillment of staff only with people from the same region or whose ancestral roots lay in the same region proved to be a rather powerful governance mechanism.
The dividend paid out to the managers was allocated to their blood relatives back in the Shanxi province, which meant that social and economic status of their families depended on their performance, and any malfeasance from these managers would endanger not just their families’ economic and social status back home, but also their freedom and lives.
A potential employee with clean background would present a personal guarantee letter from an eminent personage in his native county for the bank.
From the 17th century onwards China experienced a growing business of interregional trade which required a more elaborated system of credit, exchange, and remittance than that which was already in place.
Paramount to this development were local banks in the districts of Pingyao, Qixian, and Taigu all in the province of Shanxi.
This was because in traditional culture outsiders were frowned upon and many people often only preferred to deal with only their direct family or people from the same area as them.
These classes had the ability to confiscate the wealth of the general population, including the Chinese merchants, with impunity, furthermore because the nobles and government bureaucrats could manipulate the Chinese legal system into their favour there were no chances for the wronged parties to redress these confiscations.
The Treaty of Nanking stipulated that the government of the Qing dynasty had to pay the United Kingdom a sum of 21.000.000 Spanish dollars in war indemnities.
To raise this amount of money, the government of the Qing dynasty dynasty had issued an order to each Chinese provincial government to transfer a levy of silver to British agents that were stationed in the assigned treaty ports and enclaves.
However, this proved to be a predicament for inland provincial governments as they were unable to transport huge amounts of silver securely from the Chinese interior to the faraway treaty ports.
Lei instructed branch managers of the Rishengchang that were situated in the inland provinces of China to offer their Chinese provincial governments bank drafts to transfer the silver to the designated treaty port cities before the deadline with the British was met.
In preparation for this move, Lei had ordered the move of large amounts od silver to the port branch offices of the Rishengchang, so when the provincial government representatives would arrive, sufficient quantities of silver would await them there.
This plan had proved to work flawlessly for both the Chinese provincial governments and the Rishengchang and they had averted an impending disaster.
The Taiping Rebellion had a major impact on the ability of the government of the Qing dynasty to collect taxes, the loss of many of its southern provinces to rebel forces deprived the Qing of millions of taxpayers and it also cut Beijing off from remaining provinces and their resources in Southwest China.
At the height of the Taiping rebellion the business of transacting funds and revenue became even more dangerous for the Chinese government.
It was customary for example for the Shanghai banks to make advances to junk owners who were engaged in the trade of carrying tribute rice to the north, holding their vessels as collateral.
These junks after having unloaded their rice in the port, would return with shipments of oil, peas, bean cakes, and other products for trade.
Following the foreign victory during the Second Opium War, the Qing retaliated by torturing and killing British envoys, this act added an additional 8.000.000 taels of silver to the war debt of the Qing dynasty to the Western powers and the Qing was forced to legalise both Christianity and opium as well as opening more of its ports to foreign traders where extrateritorial rights were granted to foreign enclaves.
They also issued shares themselves which did, as that of the Dadetong Bank (大德通票號), which yielded enourmous profits for the banks.
The shares were valued at 850 taels of silver in the year 1889, later their shares stood at 3,150 taels of silver in the year 1896, 4,024 taels in silver in the year 1990, and at 17,000 taels of silver in the year 1908.
Following the Xinhai revolution rule of law collapsed causing many provinces to declare their secession from the new republic making China merely into a geographic region rather than a political ones.
Foreign banking and financial companies that were operating in treaty ports and foreign enclaves benefited from relative rule of law and legal innovations of the Western world such as limited liability.
Rival commercial Chinese banks gained similar flexibility under a 1901 German Civil Code, and other Chinese commercial banks also took root in the foreign enclaves despite legal discrimination that they were facing there.
In reality, the political ambiguity of the private Chinese financial sector were likely an obstacle in the eyes of those who wished to transform the Mainland Chinese economy into a state-controlled planned economy.
But during the initial phase of the People's Republic of China the continued existence of the independent private banks was tolerated.
During the year 1950 the private banks of Hankou steadily experienced a recovery, the recovery of the private financial sector was crucial for the economy of Hankou following the devastating hyperinflation that affected Mainland China during the aftermath of World War II and the retreat of the Nationalist Chinese government to Taiwan.
The local government of Wuhan attempted to negotiate mandatory deposit reserve ratios for banks, valorise credit markets, and release tighter remittance restrictions on all banks to stimulate the ravaged economy.
By the 19th century paper money had been long abandoned in China and various types of commodity currencies such as silver sycees denominated in taels had become the standard currency for large transactions.
The tael had regionally varying weights dependent on which city it was being traded in, for example the Guangzhou tael was 37.5 grams of silver, the Shanghai tael was 33.9 grams of silver, and the Customs tael was 37.8 grams of silver.
The conversion rates between common tael types were well‐known among Chinese traders and merchants, and local units would take precedent unless a particular weight or purity was specified.
The capital shareholders and expertise shareholders would negotiate a fraction of earnings that would have to be retained to be placed into this fund.
The third of these funds was used to pay divided to both dead and retired shareholders as well their heirs, these payments always had fixed terms and were paid until the shares expired.
According to some reports, the first general manager of the Rishengchang had nominated a candidate other than his own son as the next general manager, as this system disincentived nepotism in favour of a meritocracy.
It is based on the novel of the same name by Anita Sivakumaran, which is loosely based on the life of the late Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa.
The series was directed by Gautham Menon and Prasath Murugesan, written by Reshma Ghatala, and produced by Times studio originals and Ondraga Digital.
This starts from the childhood days of her and the reason behind her entry into the cinema industry, The way she learned everything in the cinema, The relationship between Shakthi and GMR and finally her political entry.
Indian online OTT platform, MX Player announced plans of making a web television series about the life of former actress and politician Shakthi Sheshadri, and signed on director Gautham Menon to direct the project in August 2018.
The script for the series was written by Reshma Ghatala, while Prasath Murugesan was also signed to direct a few episodes.
By December 2018, the makers had silently completed work on a significant portion of the project with Ramya Krishnan cast as J.Jayalalithaa, Indrajith Sukumaran cast as M.G.Ramachandran and Vamsi Krishna cast as Sobhan Babu.
Following the release of the poster, Jayalaithaa's nephew Deepak Jayakumar threatened to file a defamation case against the makers for showing the personal life of the politician.
William Patterson (4 March 1914–unknown) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
Friedrich Heinrich Ranke wrote the text, based on music by George Frideric Handel, for a musical salon of Karl Georg von Raumer around 1820.
In Handel's works, the first of three stanzas is scored for three voices, two sopranos and an alto, accompanied by two horns and organ.
Finally, the third stanza, with the text of the first, is sung by four choral parts and a rich basso continuo in dramatic development.
Regional Training Regiments are stationed in all 15 territorial commands of the Indonesian Army and are stationed in key Indonesian cities.
El Hierro is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
Starting his youth career at Inter Milan, Turati moved to Serie C side Renate in 2017 where he played both in the youth team and as a third-choice goalkeeper in the senior team.
Without making his first team debut, Turati moved to Serie A side Sassuolo the following year, where he played as the main goalkeeper in the youth team.
On 1 December 2019, aged 18, Turati made his professional debut against Juventus in the league, in a 2–2 draw away from home.
Jerzy from a certen age started the education in III Gymnasium named after Hugo Kołłątaj and upon his graduation, he decided that he would continue his education.
After the start of the World war 2, he began his service in the Gray Ranks.He faught in the Warsaw Uprising as a chief commander of the first crew- „Felek” of the Batalion Zośka and died on the September 23rd 1944 during army's beckup from Czarniakowo.
George Henry Stimpson (25 January 1910–1983) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Exeter City, Mansfield Town and Notts County.
Le Phonographique (often called the Phono, and later renamed to Bar Phono) was a gothic nightclub located underneath the Merrion Centre in Leeds.
Disc jockeys at the club, such as Marc Almond (a member of Soft Cell), DJ Mark M (previously of Tiffany's), Anni Hogan (a member of Marc and the Mambas) and Claire Shearsby (previously of the F Club), would play gothic rock and dark wave music.
The club was foundational to the emergence of the goth subculture, by helping it differentiate itself from the conventions of punk.
There was a rivalry between it and the Bassment, another goth club that opened around the corner in the Merrion Centre a few years later.
Rabbi David ben Levi of Narbonne was a Talmudist of the late 13th century, best known as author of Sefer haMichtam.
It covers a number of tractates, particular in Seder Moed (Brachot, Pesachim, Rosh Hashana, Sukkah, Beitzah, Taanit, Megillah, and Moed Kattan).
It is mentioned in the works of other rishonim who lived after him, among them Menachem Meiri, Orchot Chaim, the Kol Bo, and more.
Andriy Vyskrebentsev (; born 27 October 2000) is a professional Ukrainian football midfielder who plays for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League.
He made his début for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League as a substituted player in the drowing match against defending champion FC Shakhtar Donetsk on 1 December 2019.
Fuerteventura is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Lumajang or PSIL is an Indonesian football club based in Lumajang Regency, East Java that competes in Liga 3.
John Sinclair, Master of Caithness (d. 1576) was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan in Caithness.
John Sinclair, Master of Caithness was the eldest son of George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness and his wife Lady Elizabeth Graham, daughter of William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose.
His father, George, Earl of Caithness had feuded with the Earl of Sutherland and the Murrays of Aberscross which had resulted in the Battle of Torran-Roy in 1570 where Caithness was defeated, but returned to besiege the Murrays at Dornoch where several of them were subsequently beheaded.
It was released on April 14, 2016 for Microsoft Windows, MacOS and Linux, and on April 26, 2018 for the Nintendo Switch.
In it, the player takes the role of the ghost of a 12-year-old girl named Abigail Blackwood 40 years after she perished, searching for the truth behind her death and the abandonment of her village.
David Soriano of IGN Spain rated the game 7.7/10, saying that it stands out for the quality of its writing, but criticizing its heavy difficulty, which requires the player to use pen and paper to take notes.
On 20 September 2004 Moroder was honored at the Dance Music Hall of Fame ceremony, held in New York, when he was inducted for his achievements and contributions as a producer.
Conway went to school in Manchester, before studying Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge, with a Part II in botany.
After finishing third on his only run as a juvenile in 2018 he developed into a top-class stayer in the following year, winning five races including the Geoffrey Freer Stakes, Prix Chaudenay and Prix Royal Oak.
In September 2017 the yearling was consigned to the Goffs Orby Sale and was bought for €40,000 by the bloodstock agent Dermot Farrington.
The colt entered the ownership of David Caddy and was sent into training with Martyn Meade at the Manton Estate near Manton, Wiltshire.
His sire Mastercraftsman, from whom he inherited his colour, was a top class performer whose wins included the Phoenix Stakes, National Stakes, Irish 2000 Guineas and St. James's Palace Stakes.
Technician's first race was a maiden over eight and a half furlongs at Nottingham Racecourse on 7 November in which he was ridden by Rob Hornby and started at odds of 6/1 in a thirteen-runner field.
Racing on good to soft ground he recovered from a slow start to obtain a good racing position but was unable to accelerate in the closing stages and came home third behind Space Blues and Private Secretary beaten just over seven lengths by the winner.
On 26 April he was stepped up to Group 3 class to contest the Sandown Classic Trial and ran second to Bangkok, finishing strongly after being repeatedly denied a clear run in the last quarter mile.
Twelve days later at Chester Racecourse he started joint-favourite for the Chester Vase but appeared unsuited by the sharply turning track and came home fifth, more than fourteen lengths by the winner Sir Dragonet.
Technician was sent to France on 13 June and started the 3.2/1 third choice in a five-runner field for the Listed Prix Ridgway over 2000 metres at Longchamp Racecourse.
With Murphy in the saddle he led for most of the way and after being headed by the favourite Battle of Toro 200 metres from the finish he rallied to regain the advantage in the closing stages and won by a short neck.
On 1 August at Goodwood Racecourse the colt made no impact in the Group 3 Gordon Stakes, coming home sixth of the nine runners behind Nayef Road.
Sixteen days after his defeat at Goodwood, Technician was matched against older horses for the first time when he contested the Geoffrey Freer Stakes over thirteen and a half furlongs on soft ground at Newbury Racecourse and started the 10/1 outsider of the five contenders.
Ridden by Hornby, Technician stayed on strongly in the last quarter mile, overtook the favourite Morando inside the final furlong and won by three quarters of a length.
In the 243rd running of the St Leger Stakes on good to firm ground over 1 mile 6 furlongs on 14 September at Doncaster Racecourse Technician started at odds of 20/1 and never looked likely to win, finishing sixth of the eight runners behind Logician.
On 5 October Technician was sent to France for a second time and went off at odds of 6.9/1 for the Group 2 Prix de Chaudenay over 3000 metres on very soft ground at Longchamp.
The Prix de Lutece winner Moonlight Spirit started favourite while the other eight contenders included Dashing Willoughby (Queen's Vase) and Nayef Road.
After being restrained in the early stages by Pierre-Charles Boudot, who was riding the colt for the first time, Technician produced a sustained run in the straight to overtake the front-running Moonlight Spirit in the final 100 metres and win by three quarters of a length.
Three weeks Boudot took the ride again when the colt returned to Longchamp for the Group 1 Prix Royal Oak over 3100 metres on heavy ground and started the 2.4/1 second favourite behind the five-year-old gelding Call The Wind (2018 Prix du Cadran).
The other four runners were Holdthasigreen (winner of the race in 2018), Lah Ti Dar (runner-up in the 2018 St Leger), Way To Paris (Prix Maurice de Nieuil) and the Czech-trained outsider Iskanderhon.
After racing in mid-division Technician made progress in the straight, took the lead from Holdthasigreen 200 metres out and held off the challenge of Call The Wind to win by one and a quarter lengths.
We'll find out as we go along what he can do, but he's done enough as a three-year-old and he'll have a well-deserved rest.
Bellingcat: Truth in a Post-Truth World is a 2018 documentary film that explores the investigative journalism work published of Bellingcat, including the Skripal poisoning and the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.
The film has been screened both in the International Documentary Filmfestival Amsterdam in 2018 and in the Human Rights Watch Film Festival in 2019.
During the Second World War he also worked in the music department of the Amt Rosenberg as well as in the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg at short notice.
The opera was performed with his text in 1961 in the Deutsche Oper Berlin by Carl Ebert with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Elisabeth Grümmer and Josef Greindl.
The following is a list of squads for each nation competing in 2019 EAFF E-1 Football Championship Final in Busan, South Korea.
Arsenault Bishop played in her first New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts in 2015 as second for the Melissa Adams rink.
They would go on the win the 2016 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts and represent New Brunswick at the 2016 Scotties Tournament of Hearts where they finished with a 2-9 record.
They would have more success this time at the National Championship, finishing the new pool play format with a 4-3 record.
Several equivalent projections were developed in an attempt to minimize the distortion of countries and continents of planet Earth, keeping the area constant.
Equal area representation implies that a region of interest in a particular portion of the map will share the same proportion of area as in any other part of the map.
In late 1920s the company faced increasing competition as more and more manufacturers launched wheel loaders; so the companies Zündapp, Monkeys, Mandernach, Rollfix-Eilwagen and Goliath; 1928 appeared the successful ones first pace tricycles.
It reached a top speed of 50 km/h or 31 mph, with a fuel consumption 6 L/100km or 39 MPG as well the oil consumption of 0.5 L/100km.
Mitchell Curry (born 14 July 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Gateshead, on loan from Middlesbrough, as a winger.
He moved on loan to Scottish club Inverness Caledonian Thistle in June 2019, with the loan having a recall option in January 2020.
Recorded in Rio de Janeiro, the album features legendary Brazilian artists such as Jaques Morelenbaum, Marcos Suzano and Leila Pinheiro, and was mixed by Jan Erik Kongshaug.
Güvenç taught at Istanbul University and, from 1991 to 1996, served as the head of the university's Music Ethnology, Research and Music Therapy department.
On 28 April 1996, a bomb hidden in the fuel tank of a crowded bus exploded in Bhai Pheru (now Phool Nagar), Kasur District, Punjab, Pakistan.
The bus had stopped to pick up passengers at a village marketplace, when the blast made it burst into flames, killing over 50 people and injuring another 24.
It was started with construction of its two-and-a-half-story stone masonry building around 1876, which has a front gable plan, and is in dimension.
The Riemann Prize is a mathematics prize awarded every three years to outstanding mathematicians between 40 and 65 years of age, given by the Riemann International School of Mathematics.
It is co-sponsored by the regional government of Lombardy, all public and private universities in the region, and the municipality of Varese.
Nguyễn Trọng Hùng (born 3 October 1997) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a Midfielder for V.League 1 club Thanh Hóa.
The Welsh Place-Name Society was founded in 2011 with the aim of promoting an awareness and understanding of the study of place-names and their relationship to the languages, environment, history and culture of Wales.
On 20 November 2010 Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd held a conference on the subject of Welsh toponymy at Plas Tan y Bwlch.
The Society was officially formed at a conference held on 1 October 2011 at the National Library of Wales in co-operation with the University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies.
Driver played four years of college baseball as a catcher; first at Columbia Basin College for one year, and then at the University of Puget Sound for his final three years.
Driver began his coaching career at the University of Puget Sound, serving as a catching coach, first base coach, and recruiter for the 2011–2012 season.
Driver began his professional coaching career with the Philadelphia Phillies, serving as their bullpen catcher and receiving coach in 2018 and 2019.
Driver graduated from the University of Puget Sound with a degree in business and a minor in mathematics, and completed a master's degree in athletic administration at Central Washington University.
Erika Petunovienė (Erica AYTE), studied at Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences in Lithuania, at the Institute of Culture and Art Education, where obtained the Bachelor and Master degrees of Arts and Technology.
She was selected and organized solo exhibitions in Lithuanian governmental organizations: Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, Ministry of National Defense Republic of Lithuania, National Commission for Culture Heritage.
These disappeared are a result of the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present), where many people have been detained, tortured, and held in unknown locations.
As a result of her work, Subay has been included in the BBC's list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2019.
Gary Koo is an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Sydney, becoming the Bishop of the Western Region on the 20th December 2019.
Koo was appointed in 2019 to replace Bishop Ivan Lee, who was the first Anglican bishop in Australia to have a Chinese ethnic background.
Recorded in Italy, the album features several renowned artists, such as bossa nova icon Roberto Menescal, Romero Lubambo, Nelson Faria and Seamus Blake.
According to the 1976 National Register nomination, it was important architecturally for the original log cabin portion of the house, mostly hidden, and for the nearby log shed barns.
Bańczerowski is a member of the Committee on Oriental Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and has served as director of the Institute of Linguistics (1977-1991, 1994-2008), and head of the Department of General and Comparative Linguistics at Adam Mickiewicz University (1969-).
The main subjects of Bańczerowski's research are general and comparative linguistics, set theoretic axiomatization of linguistic theory, Finno-Ugric linguistics, and Asian languages.
On his initiative, new specialties (in the field of philology) of studies were established at the Adam Mickiewicz University, including Finnish philology and ethnolinguistics.
In 1981 he received an individual Award of the Minister of Science, Higher Education and Technology for achievements in the field of scientific research.
In 1989 he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, while on November 26, 2004 he was awarded the Commander's Cross.
In 1986 he was also awarded the Medal of the National Education Commission and in 2000 the Friends of Thailand award.
Beaver Creek drains of area, receives about 47.1 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 468.29, and had an average water temperature of 15.31°C.
Gorin joined the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office in 1995, where he worked for 12 years as a senior trial prosecutor.
From 2001 to 2014, Gorin served as an adjunct professor at both the Pepperdine University School of Law and the University of California, Los Angeles.
He is a co-author for the Contributing Education of the Bar, and has written and updated Chapter 9 of California's Criminal Law Procedure and Practice since 2004.
The case contained a First Amendment issue - Gorin and his legal team argued that the law, which was the first case to be prosecuted under California's 2010 Anti-Paparazzi Statute (CVC 1708.8), unfairly targeted members of the press.
In 2017, Gorin represented comedian Kathy Griffin in a Secret Service investigation due to her photoshoot with a mask styled to look like Donald Trump.
Gorin has also defended Los Angeles Dodgers player James Loney, soap opera actress Jensen Buchanan, former Glee star Mark Salling, and the fiancée of hip-hop mogul and executive Suge Knight, Toi-Lin Kelly, and boxing champion Sergey Kovalev.
Dya-Eddine Said Bamakhrama , born in the Republic of Djibouti on November 8, 1966, is the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the Republic of Djibouti to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and has been Djibouti’s permanent representative to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) since 2002.
It is station on the line, until the opening of the other stations of the Sukhumvit Line Extension (North) planned in 2020.
She is a Devon county councillor and stood as an independent candidate for East Devon in the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
Wright started working in the National Health Service in a public relations role in 2001, served on the Ottery St Mary Town Council and was elected to the Devon County Council in 2013 with 74 percent of the votes.
Wright's main policy interests are the NHS, social care and preserving the environment, with her manifesto based on a community survey.
On Brexit, Wright wants a confirmatory referendum on Boris Johnson's Brexit proposal in which she plans to campaign to stay within the European Union.
The East Devon constituency has only ever been held by the Conservative Party and used to be considered a safe seat.
It is station on the line, until the opening of the other stations of the Sukhumvit Line Extension (North) planned in 2020.
Þráinn Orri Jónsson (transliterated as Thrainn; born 12 July 1993) is an Icelandic professional handball player who plays for the Danish Handball League club Bjerringbro-Silkeborg and previously the Norwegian Eliteserien club Elverum.
While growing up in his hometown of Seltjarnarnes Þráinn was constantly involved in youth work and youth related extra curricular activities.
He played the position of right back for most of his younger years but had better success as a pivot with the Icelandic U21 national handball team and has since then played as a pivot.
At Elverum Þráinn competed in the EHF Champions League and won multiple titles, including the league title, the play offs and the league cup.
In June 2019 it was announced that Þráinn Orri would be leaving Elverum to join former Danish champions Bjerringbro-Silkeborg before the start of the season.
George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness (d. 1643) was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan in Caithness.
George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness was the eldest son of John Sinclair, Master of Caithness and his wife Jean, daughter of Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell.
The fire station was built in 1935 after the Chester City Council voted to fund a new fire station the previous year.
Additional funding came from New Deal programs which promoted public works projects; the Old Fire Station was one of hundreds of new fire stations built nationwide under the New Deal.
City engineer Theo F. Lacey designed the building, a vernacular structure built with stone blocks taken from the recently demolished Ballard Building.
It is station on the line, until the opening of the other stations of the Sukhumvit Line Extension (North) planned in 2020.
It is the Northern terminus station of the Sukhumvit line, situated near Kasetsart University, until the opening of the other stations of the Sukhumvit Line Extension (North) to Khu Khot, planned in 2020.
But intense from Ministry of Transport which commanded the station to be opened in phase 2 (Ha Yaek Lat Phrao-Kasetsart University) in 4 December 2019, trains terminates at this station on Sukhumvit Line Extension (North) in phase 2.
During the 1975 Army reform the army reorganized its aviation units and for the first time created aviation units above battalion level.
Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: groupings, and later regiments, are numbered with a single digit and named for stars in the 88 modern constellationss.
On 7 January 1992 two helicopters of the regiment are attacked and one shot down by two Yugoslav Air Force MiG-21 fighter jets near Podrute in Croatia , resulting in the death of four members of the regiment and one French officer.
After scoring 14 goals in the Blackpool youth team in the first part of the 2019–20 season, first-team manager Simon Grayson invited Weston to travel with the squad to Ipswich Town on 23 November.
He made his professional debut on 1 December, in the final minute of normal time of Blackpool's 3–1 victory over Maidstone United in the second round of the FA Cup.
The shooting happened in a densely populated area with heavy police presence at a time when tens of thousands of tourists were downtown for the Bayou Classic football game.
The incident is the second recent mass shooting to occur in the weekend of Bayou Classic, with the first occurring in 2016.
There was increased police patrol on Canal Street, where the shooting started, as a response to large tourist presence for the Bayou Classic football game.
However, the police had a difficult time determining who was firing due to the mass of people who were described as scrambling for safety.
In February 1940, parts of his Corps broke through the Mannerheim Line and, together with the 34th Rifle Corps, took the city of Vyborg.
At the start of the Continuation War in June 1941, he fought with his 7th Army against the Finnish and German Army in Karelia.
On 24 September 1941, he was removed from his post and appointed deputy commander of the same army, but on 9 November 1941, he was re-instated as commander of the 7th Army.
On 16 May 1942, he became Commanding Officer of the 32nd Army and held this position until the end of the war with Finland.
She was the wife of baseball player Roberto Clemente, who died in 1972, and the mother of sportscaster Roberto Clemente Jr. She went to the White House in 2003 to receive her husband's posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom.
In his memory, she established the Ciudad Deportiva Roberto Clemente, a sports education facility in Carolina, Puerto Rico, supported by grants, loans, and an annual telethon that she hosted.
In 1982, she was the first woman to be named captain of a major league All-Star team, when she was captain of the National League team that year.
On July 23, 2003 she went to the White House to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom on behalf of her husband.
The Pietermaritzburg Reformed Church was a congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) in Pietermaritzburg, the capital of KwaZulu-Natal, but after the sale of the congregation’s downtown building, its center shifted to what is now Howick.
It was the first congregation founded by Voortrekkers after they left Cape Colony and the 25th oldest congregation in the NGK.
Erasmus Smit, a missionary with the London Missionary Society, who was rejected by many worshipers due to his not having been ordained as such.
On the 10th, the first child was born to Afrikaners in the territory of Dingane kaSenzangakhona, the same day the council’s first meeting was held in the presence of the Governor as commissioner.
On December 9, the Day of the Vow, Andries Pretorius and his league set out to war evoking the biblical tale of Gideon, defeating Dingane at the Battle of Blood River on the 16th.
On May 13, 1839, Pretorius, now the Secretary of the Volksraad, wrote to the pastors of the Cape Town Reformed Church (NGK), Stellenbosch Reformed Church (NGK), Paarl Reformed Church (NGK), and the Wynberg Reformed Church that the congregation wanted to build a proper church building and needed a pastor.
On April 28, 1840, construction began on what would later be called the Covenant Church or Voortrekker Church, home to what would also be known as the Voortrekker Congregation.
Lindley repeatedly urged that a pastor from Holland be recruited so that he could return to the mission, and he seized his chance to resign when Rev.
Hendrik Emmanuel Faure, arrived at the end of 1852, and within two years the council decided to build a new church.
After failed attempts to purchase a portion of the market square, the congregation decided to build alongside the plot where the Covenant Church lay.
The first church building in the Voortrekker lands was built in Pietermaritzburg as a result of Sarel Cilliers’s victory at Blood River on December 16, 1838.
However, after the British annexation of Natal Colony and the subsequent exodus of Voortrekkers from there, the conversion plan never came to fruition.
The church council wanted to build it on 33 Longmarket Street (now Langalibalele St), which the Volksraad had originally set aside for the Covenant Church.
At the time, Pietermaritzburg was nothing but a set of small hartebeest stables, one of which was used for the purpose.
Several English-speaking residents of Pietermaritzburg donated a pound each, but Burger, Maritz, and Pretorius’s May 13 letter also suggested that the Committee for Emigrants in Cape Colony could spare some of its funds.
Construction began on 34 Longmarket Street at the end of April 1840 and progressed in fits and starts over the course of the year.
The congregation was still quite poor, and the building committee had to request a loan from the Volksraad for the church fund on September 29.
The Covenant Church, intended only as a temporary placeholder, remained in use until the second Voortrekker Church was completed in April 1861.
After the new church opened, the Covenant Church first became a school, but it was sold by the congregation in 1874.
Advisor Ernest George Jansen, later Governor-General of South Africa, saw it become a pharmacy and part of a smithy as a lawyer in the city in the early 20th century; on his way to church each Sunday, he became concerned as to the historic building’s state of neglect.
George Murray Pellissier (brother of Mrs. Mabel Jensen, Ernest’s wife), joined Jansen in advocating for the building’s preservation, founding a committee with Jansen as secretary in 1908.
On December 16, 1912, a Voortrekker Museum was opened on the property, which would later be acquired by the city and remains active today under an expanded focus as the Msunduzi Museum.
Until his death, Jansen was honorary chairman of the Museum Council, which timed its July meetings to match his winter stay in Natal so he could attend.
The driving force behind this was Mrs. Jansen, who unveiled Coert Steynberg’s statue in Pietermaritzburg on April 6, 1962 having paid off R10,000 of the interest.
The cornerstone of the current building was laid on April 6, 1961, after a long struggle to secure plot 33, next to the Covenant Church yard.
The skylight shining through the roof wall and the sharp spire symbolize the divine source from which the Voortrekkers believed their power came.
The congregation sold the Thanks Church to the Museum Council in 2008, when the services moved around 20 km from downtown to Merrivale in Howick, the center of a congregation acquired by the Pietermaritzburg one in 1999.
The Afrikaner community in Pietermaritzburg drastically shrunk since around 1990, to the point that the two Afrikaans language high schools (Voortrekker High School and Gerrit Maritz) merged in January 1992, Gerrit Maritz’s campus being incorporated into the Durban University of Technology and Voortrekker gradually working in English instruction starting in 2009.
By 2013, Voortrekker was fully bilingual, mandating 70 students a grade in two English classes, 40 white and 10 each Cape Coloured, Indian South African, and black.
Merrivale and the Napierville Reformed Church were absorbed by the Pietermaritzburg West Reformed Church, which in turn joined the Pietermaritzburg North Reformed Church.
Pietermaritzburg South and Hayfields merged on March 1, 2012, bringing the numbers from a peak of seven to three local congregations.
As early as the 2001 census, Pietermaritzburg was found to have only 4.2% of its population of 223,519 speaking Afrikaans, though the population was 27.3% white or Cape Coloured.
Pietermaritzburg’s confirmed membership in 2015 stood at 1,858 (2,251 in 2012), 24 fewer than that of Vredendal (1,882 from 1,909 in 2012) and 93 fewer than Robertson (1,951 from 1,952), but 531 fewer than Vredenburg (2,389 from 2,408), 210 fewer than Hartenbos (2,068 from 2,308), and 1,755 fewer than East London (3,613 from 4,900).
Die hele NG Kerk se belydende lidmate het van 1985 tot 2015 van sowat 953 000 tot 766 000 afgeneem, 'n verlies van amper 12%, maar in dieselfde tyd het Pietermaritzburg en omgewing se belydende lidmate van 4 491 tot 1 858 gekrimp, 'n verlies van amper 59%.
The entire NGK confirmed membership shrunk from 953,000 in 1985 to 766,000 in 2015, around a 12% drop, but the numbers in the Pietermaritzburg area went down by 59%, from 4,491 to 1,858, during the same period.
She was the principal of Victoria City School in Victoria, Texas, later moving to teach at the Jones Male and Female Institute where her husband was principal.
She served on a Texas governmental advisory board and evaluated scholarship applications to Prairie View A&M University which was the first state-supported college for African Americans in the United States.
's 56th season in football competition and the club's 17th consecutive season in the Chinese Super League since the league's founding in the 2004.
Jiang Tao's contract with the club expired at the end of the previous season but was invited to pre-season training with the team.
The team regrouped on 3 January 2020 and headed to Murcia for the first pre-season training camp in hope of gaining fitness and match preparedness.
The team participated in two friendlies, in which Guoan won 1–0 against the AFE Trial Team and lost 2–5 against 1.
The team traveled to Jeju City on 29 January for further pre-season training before the AFC Champions League game against FC Seoul.
The Napoleon (or Napoleon Sweets, or Napoleon Candy), is a small Belgian sweet with a lightly acidic core of anversoise origin, produced in Breskens in the Netherlands.
It is available, in addition to the original lemon, in liquorice, caramel creme, raspberry, orange, cappuccino, apple, cola, and mixed fruits.
Founded in 1873, it currently competes in the Durham/Northumberland 1 division, the seventh tier of the English rugby union league system.
Since 2015, Stockton have played at The Grangefield Ground, in a partnership with nearby Stockton Cricket Club and The Grangefield Academy school.
In October 2019, the club purchased a 5-acre site with existing pitch drainage and changing facilities, providing 6 pitches, a floodlit training pitch and plans to construct a new clubhouse.
District 5 (Persian: ٫ منطقه ۵also romanized as Mantaqe ye Panj) is one of 22 central districts of Tehran County in Tehran Province, Iran.This district is limited to Kan River and lands of District 22 in the west and to Mohammad Ali Jenah and Ashrafi Esfahani highways in the east.
The northern part of this municipal district is located on the height of the western slopes of Alborz Mountains and its southern part is in the neighborhood of Karaj Special Road.
Gran Canaria is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
Smart Cities Mission along with Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and Urban Housing Mission was launched on 25 June 2015 under the leadership of Narendra Modi by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Smart City Mission is one of the pet projects of Government of India wherein Government is aspiring to create 100 Smart cities in time to come.
Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) is selected on the list of 98 smart cities declared by the Government of India for the expansion of Smart Cities Mission.Surat is selected in the first round of selected 20 Smart Cities and has implemented as well as completed the largest number of projects under Smart City Mission.
It received an award by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India for its work in the areas of urban environment, mobility, transport and sustainable integrated development.
The objective of Surat Smart City is 'To promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of 'Smart Solutions'.
Surat Smart City Development Limited (SSCDL) is formed as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for the implementation of the Smart City projects at the city level.
Surat Municipal Corporation has set a special purpose vehicle (SPV), Surat Smart City Development Limited (SSCDL) for implementing the developing projects.
This centre caters various departments which are involved in management of the city traffic such as BRTS, city bus, traffic police, RTO, fire, emergency services, etc.
SMC also as a transit system for BRTS and city bus that shows real time vehicle location and other required information.
2 crores SMC and SSCDL has setup an institution named AIC SURATi iLAB Foundation to promote culture of innovation, trade facilitation and startups under Smart Cities Mission.
The authorities assume that creation of similar infrastructure shall help in promoting the Start Up Ecosystem in the City and shall contribute in the Digital India Initiative.
The aim behind organising this Hackthon was to encourage startups from various sectors and to get solutions for city's various problems.
David Hillhouse Buel (September 19, 1839 – July 22, 1870) was a United States Army officer who rose to the rank of brevet major and lieutenant colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Born in Michigan, he attended the United States Military Academy, and eventually became Chief of Ordnance of the Army of the Tennessee and fought in the First Battle of Bull Run.
He enrolled as a cadet at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York on September 1, 1857, graduating on June 24, 1861.
McDougal was born on June 16, 1839 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and was the daughter of Brigadier General Charles McDougall, a surgeon in the Army.
His son, David Hillhouse Buel, was born on June 19, 1862, and became a Jesuit priest and the president of Georgetown University, before converting and becoming an Episcopal minister.
He was appointed the commanding officer of the Kennebec Arsenal in Augusta, Maine, before becoming the commanding officer of the Leavenworth Arsenal at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas.
While exiting his carriage in which he was returned from the party, he was shot and killed by a soldier, whom he had imprisoned in the guardhouse for desertion.
FixThePhoto is an online company registered under DGPH Outsourcing OÜ in Estonia, with its website registered in Ukraine, that offers professional photo retouching services.
FixThePhoto was founded by Anthony Kos in 2003 in Estonia under the name DGPH Outsourcing OÜ, with its website registered in Ukraine.
Cadeem Rogers (born 15 December 2002) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a forward for Kicks United FC and the Anguilla national football team.
The son of the cricketer Edward Wright and his wife Constant Hext, he was born in February 1886 at Georgetown in British Guiana.
He was educated in England at the Britannia Royal Naval College, graduating into the Royal Navy as a sub-lieutenant in September 1905.
Wright later appeared in a single first-class cricket match for the Royal Navy against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1914.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 30 runs in the navy first-innings by Hervey Lawrence, while in their second-innings he made a half century, scoring 57 runs before being dismissed by Francis Wyatt.
He served in the Royal Navy in the First World War, during which he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander in July 1916.
Following the war, Wright was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in March 1920 for distinguished services in the Baltic with the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, with promotion to the rank of commander coming in December of the same year.
He was placed on the retired list at his own request in May 1932, at which point he was granted the rank of captain.
He was recalled to service shortly before the Second World War and was placed as the naval officer in charge of the Humber in August 1939, before being appointed as a maintenance captain in Liverpool.
The 1940 Morris Brown Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented Morris Brown College in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1940 college football season.
In their first season under head coach Artis P. Graves, the team compiled a 10–1 record, defeated in the Peach Blossom Bowl and in the Steel Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 238 to 39.
I'll Find You on a Beautiful Day () is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Park Min-young and Seo Kang-joon.
Based on the 2018 novel of the same name by Lee Do-woo, it is set to air on JTBC on February 24, 2020.
After several bad experiences, Mok Hae-won leaves Seoul for Bookhyun Village in Gangwon Province where she lived when she was little.
Tenerife is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
Based in Vancouver, British Columbia the podcast launched in August 2017 as a way to address a lack of sewing related podcast options.
The weekly episodes include interviews with sewers, pattern designers or small business owners, along with discussions and advice about sewing techniques, pattern adjustments, fabric choices, sewing machines, and notions.
The Huskies, led by 14th-year head coach Bill Coen, play their home games at Matthews Arena in Boston, Massachusetts as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
They earned the CAA's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament as a #13 seed where they lost in the First Round to Kansas.
George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness (d. 1676) was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan in Caithness.
George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness was the son of John Sinclair, Master of Berriedale and his wife Jean, daughter of Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth.
The Earldom of Caithness being much in debt, he had desponed the estates and the title to his principal creditor, John Campbell of Glenorchy, who upon Sinclair's death was created Earl of Caithness by patent.
This however was challenged by George Sinclair of Keiss, son of Francis Sinclair of Northfield, who in turn was a younger son of George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness.
On 13 July 1680, Campbell of Glenorchy took a force of 800 men north to evict Sinclair of Keiss, who was waiting for him with 500 men near Wick.
Inflamed with drink, the Sinclairs attacked the force of Campbells and were routed in what is known as the Battle of Altimarlach.
Legend has it that so many Sinclairs were killed that the Campbells were able to cross the river without getting their feet wet.
However, in 1681 the Privy Council of Scotland made a proclamation in favor of Sinclair of Keiss who became the 7th Earl of Caithness and Campbell of Glenorchy was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.
The house has a vernacular design with a two-door facade pattern, in which two front doors provided access to each of the house's two first-floor rooms.
While the two-door facade is common in vernacular architecture, the purpose of the two doors is historically disputed; as the form is especially prevalent in German vernacular architecture, it may have been inspired by traditional German architecture, though it may have also functioned as a way to separate public and private spaces in a home.
He played for the Houston Oilers from 1978 to 1979 and for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Los Angeles Rams in 1980.
Nayak was elected as a member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Niwari in 1957 as a Praja Socialist Party candidiate.
Redheugh railway station served the town of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England from 1837 to 1853 on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway.
Derrick Moncrief (born June 25, 1993) is an American football linebacker for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL).
He was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL on June 3, 2017 and played in his first professional football game on August 13, 2017.
He played college football for the Mississippi Gulf Coast Bulldogs in 2012 and 2013, the Auburn Tigers in 2014 and the Oklahoma State Cowboys in 2015 and 2016.
Montre Hartage (born June 16, 1997) is an American football safety for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL).
As a senior, he was named first team All-Big Ten Conference by the media and to the third team by the league's coaches after recording 51 tackles, 13 pass breakups, two interceptions and a fumble recovery.
He was waived on August 31, 2019 as part of final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the team's practice squad.
Hartage was promoted to the Dolphins' active roster on December 1 and made his NFL debut the same day against the Philadelphia Eagles.
George Sinclair, 7th Earl of Caithness, previously of Keiss, died 1698, was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan.
George Sinclair of Keiss was the son of Francis Sinclair of Northfield, who in turn was a younger son of George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness.
His first cousin-once-removed was George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness (d. 1676) who was the son of John Sinclair, Master of Berriedale and his wife Jean, daughter of Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth.
The Earldom of Caithness being much in debt, he had desponed the estates and the title to his principal creditor, John Campbell of Glenorchy, who upon Sinclair's death was created Earl of Caithness by patent.
On 13 July 1680, Campbell of Glenorchy took a force of 800 men north to evict Sinclair of Keiss, who was waiting for him with 500 men near Wick.
Inflamed with drink, the Sinclairs attacked the force of Campbells and were routed in what is known as the Battle of Altimarlach.
Legend has it that so many Sinclairs were killed that the Campbells were able to cross the river without getting their feet wet.
However, in 1681 the Privy Council of Scotland made a proclamation in favor of Sinclair of Keiss who became the 7th Earl of Caithness and Campbell of Glenorchy was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.
George Sinclair of Keiss, 7th Earl of Caithness died in 1698 without issue and this brought an end to the male heirs of the 5th Earl.
The Earldom of Caithness then devolved upon the male heirs of James Sinclair, 1st of Murkle, who himself was a son of John Sinclair, Master of Caithness (d. 1576), who in turn was a son of George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness (d. 1582).
The house was built circa 1873 by Christian F. Weinrich, a local merchant who lived in the house with his family until his death in 1913.
The house's Folk Victorian features include its gable front plan with a side gable and the stickwork on the front-facing gable.
While many of its Gothic Revival elements are also Folk Victorian elements, such as its steep roof and decorative wooden porch, its intersecting gables are a characteristic feature of the style.
Huesca is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
A side job, also informally called a side hustle or side gig, is an additional job that a person takes in addition to their primary job in order to supplement their income.
Side jobs may be done out of necessity, when one's income from their main job is insufficient to support them, or simply out of a desire to earn more income.
A side job can be a full-time job, part-time job, or freelance job, and a person can hold more than one side job.
In the modern day, side jobs have been gaining in popularity in America due to stagnating wage growth that has not kept up with the rising cost of living, with nearly a third of those with side jobs requiring them to stay afloat as of 2019.
In the United Kingdom, 60 percent of students and graduates reported having a side job, and 43 percent required it to pay their rent.
However, they are also common as a means to pay off student loans, as well as to leverage one's creativity in ways that would normally not be feasible in the typical workplace.
Dioscorides wrote that Greeks and Romans prepared krimnon, made from ground zea and wheat berries, to make poltos, a porridge-like drink.
In Greece, there is an urban legend that zea bread was banned in the 1930s, so that the wheat market would not suffer.
However, the reality may have been that wheat was easier to produce, so there was little incentive to be a zea farmer.
Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli (also Luigi Gaspare Brugnatelli or Luigi Vincenzo Brugnatelli) (14 February 1761 in Pavia – 24 October 1818 in Pavia) was an Italian chemist and inventor who discovered the process for electroplating in 1805.
Born in Pavia, he attended the Pharmacy School created by Count Karl Joseph von Firmian at the University of Pavia where he was a pupil of Giovanni Antonio Scopoli who urged him to practice the medical profession, which he did without neglecting his interests in chemistry.
In 1798 Brugnatelli discovered the silver salt fulminic acid when he found that if silver was dissolved in nitric acid and the solution added to spirits of wine, a white, highly explosive powder was obtained.
Decades later in 1860 this silver fulminate was used by the confectioner Tom Smith to give the 'snap' to his new novelty - the Christmas cracker.
A personal friend of Alessandro Volta, Brugnatelli accompanied him to Paris in 1801 to illustrate the invention of the voltaic pile.
In 1802 Brugnatelli successfully carried out the first gilding electroplating experiments with the coating of carbon electrodes by a metallic film, finally refining the process in 1805 for which he used his colleague Volta's invention of five years earlier, the voltaic pile, to facilitate the first electrodeposition.
Brugnatelli's inventions were suppressed by the French Academy of Sciences and did not become used in general industry for the following thirty years.
By 1839, scientists in Britain and Russia had independently devised metal-deposition processes similar to Brugnatelli's for the copper electroplating of printing press plates.
He was the first to adopt and make known in Italy the new theories and the new nomenclature introduced in chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier.
In 1818, the year of his death, Brugnatelli was the first to prepare the compound alloxan, discovered by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler.
An editorial entrepreneur, Brugnatelli played a very important role in stimulating scientific publications in Italy, helping to spread advanced knowledge of chemistry, physics and natural sciences.
Rabdophaga rosacea is a species of gall midge that creates rosette galls on roses found in the central plains of North America.
The genus name 'Rabdophaga' is formed from two greek roots; rhabdos- meaning a rod or staffand -phaga meaning 'eater' In older references the genus name is spelled 'Rhabdophaga'.
As gall midges are one of the most diverse yet least known group of the true flies, a taxonomic revision of the world fauna of this group is in process .
In 2014, it was proposed that Rhadophaga rosacea be placed in Dasineura, a broadly defined polyphyletic genus of gall midges, as Dasineura rosacea.
The company first entered the market when it launched the card game Exploding Kittens in 2015, following a Kickstarter campaign yielding $8.78m.
Exploding Kittens was founded in 2015 by the game designer Elan Lee, former chief creative officer at Xbox, and illustrator Matthew Inman, creator of the comic site The Oatmeal.
The campaign was launched on January 19, 2015, and reached its initial goal of $10,000 within 10 to 20 minutes, arriving at $1m in seven hours.
By the end of the month-long campaign, the company had raised just under $8.8m from almost 220,000 backers, becoming the most backed game on Kickstarter at the time.
The $10,000 funding goal was again surpassed within a day, and the campaign eventually raised over $3m from 85,000 backers, making it the tenth most funded Kickstarter tabletop game.
It was followed in 2019 by Throw Throw Burrito, which entered Kickstarter in February and concluded its campaign with over $2.5m and 53,600 backers.
In September 2019, the company announced its fifth tabletop game, On a Scale of One to T-Rex, to be released exclusively on Amazon on November 5, 2019.
The deadline for parties and individuals to file candidate nomination papers to the acting returning officer (and the deadline for candidates to withdraw) was 16:00 on 14 November 2019.
The Labour Party contested 631, the Liberal Democrats 611, the various Green parties (a total of 472), and the Brexit Party 275.
The following candidates withdrew from campaigning or had support from their party withdrawn after the close of nominations and so will remain on the ballot paper in their constituency.
She competed in the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event and finished eighth with a score of 2376 points.
Alex Negrea (born 1 October 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays for Liga I club Chindia Târgoviște as a left back.
As the son of Prince Xhelal Zogu, he is second in the line of succession to the former Albanian throne after his first cousin once removed, Leka, Crown Prince of Albania.
Zogu was born to Prince Xhelal Zogu (half-brother of Zog I of Albania) and Faika Minxhalliu on June 3, 1933 in Davos, Switzerland.
On April 9, 1961, Zogu was present when Zog I of Albania died while in exile at Hôpital Foch in Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine, France.
With the good, the bad, the positive and the negative, Skender Zog in fact, in this book, has brought out their best sides...
On November 16, 2012, Zogu joined Ambassador Ylljet Aliçka to repatriate the remains of Zog I from France to Albania, where he was placed in the royal family mausoleum.
La Gomera is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
Ivan Simão da Cunha Gomes (December 25, 1939 - March 2, 1990) was a Brazilian vale tudo fighter and professional wrestler.
Born in Fazenda das Lajes in Campina Grande, Gomes was expected to become a cowboy like his father, but he started a career in martial arts after meeting coach Tatá.
Gomes dominated the competition through the years, eventually leading to a high-profile match against Carlson Gracie from the notorious Gracie family in 1963.
They fought on December 28 in Recife, in a fight in which Gomes supposedly had an advantage of almost 50 pounds.
Gomes dominated Gracie, throwing him and taking him down multiple times and hitting ground and pound, while Carlson waited for him to get tired to build an offense.
The Gracie family promised to concede it if Gomes managed to defeat Juarez Ferreira in Rio de Janeiro, but although Gomes did so, knocking Ferreira out with kata guruma in less of a minute, the rematch was never granted.
Instead, the Gracies offered Gomes to open an academy together with Carlson, with the condition Gomes would never challenge them again.
In November 1965, due to the presence of Anton Geesink and several famous judoka in Brazil, the Gracies challenged them, claiming the superiority of Brazilian jiu-jitsu over judo and offering Gomes and Carlson to fight to prove it, but they were ignored.
In 1968, after handing the academy to his brother Jaildo, Gomes returned to Campina Grande and resumed his vale tudo career, meeting fighters like Waldemar Santana and Euclides Pereira.
A year later, Japanese professional wrestling promotion New Japan Pro Wrestling toured Brazil, leading Gomes to challenge its owner Antonio Inoki.
The latter proposed to have catch wrestling expert Karl Gotch fight Gomes, but the bout never materialized, and Inoki instead decided to offer Gomes to wrestle for them.
The Brazilian fighter wrestled for NJPW in Japan from 1975 to 1977, often working matches with other martial artists like Yoshiaki Fujiwara, Don Arakawa and Daigoro Oshiro.
Jimmy Nuttall (born 7 July 1900) was an English footballer who played for Manchester United and Bolton Wanderers and was later captain of Rochdale when they joined the English Football League in 1921.
La Palma is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
John Sinclair, 8th Earl of Caithness (d. 1705) was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan.
John Sinclair, 8th Earl of Caithness was the son of James Sinclair 2nd of Murkle, who in turn was a grandson of John Sinclair, Master of Caithness (d. 1576), who in turn was a son of George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness (d. 1582).
He had succeeded to the Earldom of Caithness upon the death of his relation George Sinclair, 7th Earl of Caithness, in 1698, who had died without issue and this brought an end to the male heirs of George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness.
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes assigned the film an approval rating of 94%, based on 17 reviews assessed as positive or negative; the average rating among the reviews is 7/10.
Habibur Rahman was elected to parliament from Bogra-1 as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 1991, February 1996 and June 1996.
She was a member of the Women's Suffrage Society, the Belfast’s Irish Women’s Suffrage Society and the Women's Social and Political Union.
The 1901 census records her age as 31 and married to George McCracken, a Belfast solicitor, however, the 1911 census records her age as 37, and a journalist in the occupation column.
She was a member of the Women's Suffrage Society, the Belfast’s Irish Women’s Suffrage Society and the Women's Social and Political Union.
In 1915, McCracken invited Sylvia Pankhurst to Belfast to speak at a suffrage meeting as part of a campaign to support equal pay for women doing war work.
McCracken advocated for women's rights such as: wives should be financially independent, with all career routes being available to them; mothers should possess full rights of guardianship, and equal pay should be for all.
She also wrote articles on domestic violence, arguing that by keeping men from imprisonment due to their role as breadwinners was literally an encouragement for men to continue abusing their wives.
Many of these articles appeared in the Irish Citizen, calling for the legal profession to take domestic abuse and sexual assault of women in Ireland more seriously.
Lanzarote is one of the 59 constituencies () represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales.
The company was established in 2017, reportedly shortly after the foundation of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham which is believed to own the company.
In January 2019, Watad began sending gas cylinders and petroleum to areas held by the Syrian government after fuel shortages in government held areas.
In November 2019, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham arrested one of its own commanders over a disagreement with Watad, which demanded that locals selling oil work on behalf of Watad and only sell fuel purchased from Watad and threatened force if compliance was not met.
Ever since the village of Chicago, later changed to City of Chicago in 1857, was formed in 1834 for its unique geography and accessibility to one of the largest bodies of fresh water, the Great Lakes, it has had to deal with a number of issues concerning water quality to deal with the changes in its ever growing magnitude.
To combat the increasing issue of water quality the city of Chicago implemented ideas and plans such as the Master Drainage Plan and Tunnel and Reservoir Plan.
But, it wasn't until 2015 that Chicago began to treat sewage and storm water runoff, thus finally shedding its title as the last major city to treat it's sewage before being discharged into its waterways.
According to Macaitis (1985), the initial main concern around water quality stemmed from the constant drainage of sewage into the Chicago River and then ultimately into Lake Michigan due to the village lacking a sophisticated form of drainage, instead relying almost solely on roadside ditches.
Burrill (1904) goes more in depth stating that, Chicago inhabitants eventually took precautions to gather and utilize water from Lake Michigan by means of water intake valves that open up and ingest water from 4 miles way in 1840, however the contaminants were still able to reach the water supply.
To deal with the issue of a potentially contaminated city water supply, the State of Illinois created a drainage commission for the Chicago area in 1852.
The master drainage plan was centered around the fundamental aspect of raising the city by 3m and constructing new sewers that drained into the river and not the lake However once indoor plumbing was introduced to the world, the original sewer design, which was only designed to drain storm water runoff,  took on a dual responsibility.
A combined sewage system  can cause serious water pollution due to the fact that when wet weather occurs and runoff exceeds the maximum flow rate of the system, the excess runoff that the system can’t handle is discharged directly into a nearby body of water, whether it be a lake or a river.
The Canal had originally been created in 1848 with the purely commercial reasoning to function as a lock and pumping works for boats when the water was too low.
Due to the ever expanding population and industrialization of Chicago, sewage and waste from domestic residents, slaughter-houses, and other sources continued to increase in volume and pour into the river.
In 1863 an epidemic of Erysipelas broke out among the river, a direct consequence of the filth and pollution of the water.
The epidemic of Erysipelas coupled with the outcry and call for a better canal by the sewage commissioners resulted in the modification of the Illinois and Michigan canal in 1865.
The modification of the system changed the function of the canal so as to be able to utilize the pumps in an effort to cleanse the river.
According to Macaitis, it specifically took water pumped in from the Chicago River and discharged it back onto a high point in the canal to ease and reduce the water pollution of Lake Michigan, our main supply of water.
In 1885 an epidemic of waterborne disease arose and flourished due to the coupling of the ever increasing volume of waste as well as the sedimentation that occurred in the Illinois and Michigan canal in 1879, which reduced the original slow current to an even more reduced flow capacity.
To directly combat the continuously increased volumes of polluted and reduce the amount of contaminated water the city of Chicago created the Chicago Sanitary District, which was constructed with the purpose of creating and maintaining a canal system that reverses the flow of the Chicago River and the Calumet River systems.
In 1900 the main channel of the plan was finished and provided relief in the form of a new process for sewage and run-off.
Switching the flow of the water in the river allowed the discharged sewage of the city population to flow in the opposite direction.
Instead of allowing the Chicago River to directly drain the city’s sewage into Lake Michigan, the reversal of the channel allows for Lake Michigan to flow into the Chicago River.
Not only that, but also for the fact that it helps make the river cleaner since reversing the channel allows for Lake Michigan's water flow to help in the process of diluting and cleaning the sewage that’s discharged into the river.
The change in the rivers water flow was estimated to provide enough treatment-by-dilution for up to a population of three million.
However in 1908, it became clear to the Chicago Sanitary District that the city’s population was continuing to grow and that the population would soon exceed the treatment capacity that the canal offered.
Although they recognized this fact, it was not until 1920 that the construction of the districts first sewage treatment plant began.
This is an issue because once data was collected to analyze the exact volume of run-off and sewage discharged; it was found that, with Chicago’s annual rainfall of 84 cm, a mixture of run-off and sewage is discharged into the river about 100x’s a year.
It was not until after the 1930’s that combined sewer systems were replaced and banned for their better alternative, the separate sewer system.
One of the lines only treats run-off water, while the other is a separate sanitary system line designed to handle and only treat sewage.
In 1967 a committee of experts was formed, whom represented state and local interests, to study the area’s pollution and flooding problems.
Although, it was not until 1969 and having considered over 50 other alternative plans that the committee reached an agreement to form the Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) as the solution to the areas combined sewage issue.
TARP functions so that when it rains the large system of tunnels captures and stores the combined runoff of storm water and sewage, that otherwise would be discharged into the Chicago area waterways.
The stored water that TARP captures is then pumped into reclamation plants and cleaned before it is released back into the waterways.
The Clean Water Act allowed for the EPA to tackle the issue of water pollution and fund projects to improve water quality.
The regulations surrounding the Clean Water Act and the funding that can balloted using it only apply to pollution-control projects, and TARP is a flood control project as much as it is a pollution-control project.
According to the MWRD, The first phase was paid for by the EPA, tackling the mostly the pollution aspect of the project, while the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers paid for the second phase, which had more of a focus on flood control.
Phase once of TARP,  which was not fully completed till recently in 2006, provides the ability to capture and hold 2.3 billion volume.
Phase two is not scheduled to be completed till 2029, but when finished it will be able to increase the volume that TARP can hold to 18.5 billion volumes of liquid.
It was revealed and highlighted that Chicago was the last major U.S. city to skip the important step of disinfecting its sewage before discharging it back into public waterways.
Until then the waterways had been exempt from the tougher policies of the Clean Water Act because Chicago officials assumed that people wouldn't want to go near the fetid channels.
The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) had been the major obstacle, holding a steadfast opposition against the implementation of tougher water qualities.
The EPA, working with the support of the Obama administration, called for a plan to upgrade two of the Chicago areas biggest sewage-treatment plants so that they can disinfect the partially treated sewage and runoff that constantly flow into the Chicago waterways.
According to CBS (2015) as well as study by Shively (2016), this order came at the right time because the plants weren't fully upgraded to handle their new functions until 2015; and Shivley's study, which analyzed the Chicago beach water quality from 2011-2013, revealed some concerning information.
The study's goal was to analyze Chicago’s 9 beaches water to determine if the samples they collected exceeded the Recreation Water Quality Standard (RWQS) for E. Coli.
They found that out of the 2,059 water samples collected from the beaches, 285 of which were found to exceed the RWQS, for a total of 14% exceeding samples.
I doubt these findings would be true for modern day, since, according to Dick Durbin, the opening of the two newly facilitated sewage treatments plants, in Skokie and Calumet, were designed to improve the overall water quality of the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS).
The two modified plants treat the city’s runoff and sewage before its discharged into waterways  by using a chlorination/de-chlorination process, which allowed Chicago to take the historic step in no longer allowing for sewage and runoff to be discharged into CAWS untreated.
Although the two updated sewage-treatment plants reduce the amount of pathogenic bacteria in the water, according to CBS, there has been no plan yet to provide the same care to the Stickney treatment plant.
This is cause for concern because the Stickney treatment plant is the worlds largest sewage-treatment plant and handles more wastewater than any other MWRDGC system's treatment plants.
He is the leader of the Bounty Hunters' Guild, and provides the show's title character with the bounty that leads him to meet the Child.
The character was originally planned only to appear in a handful of episodes, but Favreau and the writers liked the character so much that the part was expanded.
Elements of the character's background have deliberately been kept mysterious, though it was revealed in the that he was previously a disgraced government official, and Weathers said his backstory will be further developed in the second season.
Greef Karga is the leader of the Bounty Hunters' Guild, an organization that regulates the activities of bounty hunters, assigns bounties to specific individuals, and ensures everyone follow's the guild's rules.
The Mandalorian does so, only to later rescue the Child back from the Client, who is an agent of the Galactic Empire.
This is a violation of the Bounty Hunters' Guild code, so Greef organizes a group of bounty hunters to confront the Mandalorian and get the Child back.
A massive gunfight ensues, in which most of Greef's bounty hunters are killed when the Mandalorian receives assistance from a group of fellow Mandalorian warriors.
Greef only survives because he had two ingots of Beskar, a rare steel which the Client provided as payment for the Child's bounty, inside his vest pocket where he was shot.
The offer is a trap, and Kreef plans to ambush and kill the Mandalorian and return the Child to the Client.
During their voyage, the party is attacked by pterodactyl-like creatures, and Greef receives a poisonous slash that would have been fatal, but the Child uses the Force to heal him.
They devise a new plan in which they leave the Child behind, bring the Mandalorian to the Imperials as if he is a prisoner, and then attempt to eliminate them.
The plan goes wrong, resulting in the trio becoming pinned down inside a cantina by Imperial officer Moff Gideon and his stormtroopers.
The group escapes the building via the sewer system, where they travel to a hidden Mandalorian convert and find most of the warriors there have already been killed by the Empire.
The Mandalorian initially blames Greef for this, believing the Bounty Hunters' Guild responsible, until a fellow Mandalorian leader named known as the Armorer persuades him otherwise.
Greef is present when IG-11 sacrifices himself to eliminate a large number of stormtroopers to ensure the group's escape, and she survives an attack by Moff Gideon in a TIE fighter, which the Mandalorian repels.
Afterward, Greef decides to stay behind on Nevarro and rebuild the Bounty Hunters' Guild, and he invites Cara Dune to work as his enforcer, which she appears to accept.
He projects a calm and confident demeanor, and is motivated largely by financial profit, but is also fair in his dealings.
He is loyal to his allies to some degree, but can also be duplicitous and shifting in his allegiances, as seen by the way in which he repeatedly switches between friend and adversary to the Mandalorian.
Greef has a very theatrical and sometimes over-the-top personality, enjoys action and the company of bounty hunters, over whom he exerts strict control through his leadership role in the Bounty Hunters' Guild.
He was originally planned only to appear in a handful of episodes, but Favreau and the series writers found that they liked the character so much that they expanded his part and gave him a larger role.
The event also featured teaser footage featuring Greef, a still photo of the character, and included a panel discussion with Weathers and Gina Carano, the actress who portrays Cana, discussing their characters.
Although Weathers originally signed on for only a few episodes, the character was later expanded and the role grew larger than what he initially accepted.
After filming each episode, Weathers liked to watch footage and study the different energies the director and actors brought to each individual scene.
He said this took a lot of pressure off of him and the rest of the cast, giving them more freedom and helping ensure their own choices were in sync with hers.
Kuiil is portrayed as wise, patient, and hard-working, with a high level of mechanical skills and a gruff but ultimately kind-hearted personality.
The voice of Kuiil was performed by Nick Nolte, who completed his recordings for all the character's dialogue in a single afternoon.
Kuiil's motion capture performance was done by Misty Rosas, who during filming wore a face mask created by a shop of prosthetic makeup experts started by Stan Winston.
Kuiil's face was brought to life through animatronics and puppetry, with its electronics and wires concealed in the backpack and pockets of Kuiil's costume.
Three puppeteers controlled the mask's mouth and eyebrows off-camera as Rosas performed her scenes, attempting to match the character's facial movements to Nolte's vocal tracks.
The process often proved challenging, particularly when the puppeteers missed signals made by Rosas during dimly-lit scenes, and it was occasionally difficult for Rosas to breathe while wearing the mask.
At one point in the show, Kuiil says he worked in the gene farms of a cloning facility during his time with the Empire.
He eventually worked hard enough to pay off his debt and earn his freedom, and then sought a reclusive home on a quiet world where he would no longer have to work for anyone else again.
In that episode, Kuiil encounters the show's title character, a bounty hunter known as the Mandalorian, who is seeking to collect a bounty on an unnamed person being held on the planet.
He welcomes the Mandalorian into his home, where Kuiil informs him that several other bounty hunters and mercenaries have passed through Arvala-7 in search of the Mandalorian's target.
Kuiil offers to help the bounty hunter travel to the compound where the asset is being kept, with the hopes that once the bounty has been collected, peace will once again be restored to Arvala-7.
Kuiil helps foster a deal in which the Jawas will return the parts if the Mandalorian collects for them an egg from a dangerous nearby creature called a mudhorn, which the Mandalorian does.
Afterward, the Mandalorian offers to share some of the reward he will receive for collecting the bounty on the Child, but Kuiil refuses.
The Mandalorian also offers for Kuiil to accompany him off-planet and work for him, but Kuiil declines this request as well, preferring his peaceful life on Arvala-7, and wishing to never work for anyone else every again due to his past with the Empire.
They seek Kuiil's help in protecting the Child during a mission on the planet Nevarro to eliminate an Imperial presence there.
It is revealed that after the Mandalorian left Arvala-7, Kuiil found and rebuilt the bounty hunter droid IG-11, whom the Mandalorian had destroyed while rescuing the Child.
After a lengthy process of retraining IG-11 to walk and operate again, Kuiil reprogrammed him to be a nurse droid and protector, rather than a hunter.
Kuiil assigns IG-11 to protect the Child, and agrees to accompany the Mandalorian for the save of protecting the child from Imperial slavery, under the condition that he bring along IG-11 and his blurrgs.
On their way to the planet, Kuiil witnesses the Child use the Force to choke Cara after mistaking her for a threat.
While the others in the party does not understand his power, Kuiil advises them about rumors he has heard about the Force.
During their journey at Nevarro, Cara and the Mandalorian's party are attacked by a group of giant winged creatures, which they repel after losing several of the blurrgs.
Later, the bounty hunter Greef Karga reveals the mission is an ambush, after which the Mandalorian is to be killed and the Child given over to the Imperials.
Cara, the Mandalorian, and Greef instead devise a new plan: they will leave the Child behind, bring the Mandalorian to the Imperials as if he is a prisoner, and then eliminate them.
When Imperial leader Moff Gideon later traps the Mandalorian and his party, the bounty hunter contacts Kuiil and urges him hurry back to the ship and lock it down for the Child's protection.
Kuiil values the peace and tranquility he has established on Arvala-7, as shown by his willingness to assist the Mandalorian and other bounty hunters travel in finding the bounty they seek.
He believes doing so will help maintain the peace, and that getting the asset off the planet will store tranquility to Arvala-7.
Kuiil's history of servitude to the Empire means he strongly values his freedom and independence, and he has no desire to work for anyone again other than himself, as demonstrated by his rejection of the Mandalorian's offer of employment.
He has a strong sense of honor, and believes in doing the right thing, as illustrated by his willingness to risk his safety and hard-won freedom to help the Child.
The value he places on freedom due to his past experience factors into his determination to protect the Child from the Empire.
Nevertheless, Kuiil's terse manner of speaking has resulted in reviewers describing him as both friendly, and grumpy, though he is ultimately kind-hearted beneath his sometimes rough exterior.
He has lived a long time, and has seen and experienced many terrible things as a result of his past as an indentured servant, instilling a hardened world-weariness in him.
Kuiil is also a teacher, as he shows when he teaches the Mandalorian how to ride a blurrg, and teaches IG-11 how to walk and operate again following his reprogramming.
Concept art was prepared for the character during pre-production, including an image by Christian Alzmann of Kuiil and the Mandalorian riding bluurgs alongside each other, and another by Jama Jurabaev of Kuiil and the Mandalorian at his moisture farm.
The trailer included a brief clip of Kuiil, as well as a small amount of dialogue from the forthcoming show, in which he said he has never met a Mandalorian before, but has heard stories about them.
Although the news had leaked on the Internet earlier, Nolte's casting was announced on November 30, 2018, though the character he would be portraying was not initially revealed.
Rosas had a cold reading audition for the part in the summer of 2018, though she arranged via her agent to come in early and briefly review the script and familiarize herself with the material.
Rosas, who was born with 65% hearing loss in her right ear, was having problems with her hearing at the time and had an appointment with an ear doctor just hours before the audition.
Kuiil's face was brought to life through the use of animatronics and puppetry, with a head mask that was created by a shop of prosthetic makeup experts started by Stan Winston.
The electronics from the face mask's animatronics were concealed inside a backpack Kuiil wears throughout the show, and concealed wires ran along the back of Rosas' neck from the backpack into the mask.
As a result of all the machinery, the mask was physically heavy and placed a great deal of pressure on Rosas' shoulder, neck, back, and core stability.
However, Rosas said the weight of the costume ultimately aided her performance, since it helped her portray Kuiil's advanced age and slow walking speed.
Unlike some costumes Rosas has worn in past motion capture performances, she was able to see clearly while wearing the mask, but it was occasionally difficult to breathe because her mouth was far back within the mask.
She occasionally needed to ask crew members to open the mouth of the mask for her between takes so she could breathe more freely.
Jon Favreau, creator and showrunner of the series, attended these rehearsals, in which they would attempt to determine the rhythm and timing of each scene.
Nick Nolte recorded dialogue for Kuiil before the character's live-action scenes were filmed, providing multiple takes with different performances and vocal inclinations for the crew to choose from.
The recordings would not be available until the mornings of filming, so Misty Rosas prepared a great deal in advance for her scenes and study the dialogue carefully so they could go as smoothly as possible.
Once the dialogue was ready, Rosas and other members of the crew, including the episode's director, would listen to the various recordings, arrange the chosen recordings, and prepare to shoot the scenes.
Rosas and the puppeteers prepared extensively to ensure their efforts were coordinated, and during filming she would provide them a non-verbal signal to indicate when she was about to act out a line of dialogue so they could operate the mask.
Occasionally the puppeteers would miss her signals, particularly when in scenes that were dimly lit, and multiple takes were required to get it correct.
This made the Child relatively heavy, occasionally proving challenging for Rosas, who also had to manage the weight of the animatronics in her own costume.
The process was made further challenging because she was carrying the heavy animatronic Child prop throughout the scenes, and she occasionally needed breaks between takes.
However, Rosas was able to place the weight of her animatronics-filled backpack on the saddle of the blurrg while filming the scenes, which helped relieve pressure on her shoulders, neck, and back.
The two have a relationship similar to that of a father and son, as demonstrated in the scene in which Kuiil teaches IG-11 how to operate and function after the droid is reprogrammed.
The droid was a dangerous assassin before Kuiil reprogrammed him, but thanks to the Ugnaught's parenting, he becomes a protector and helper instead.
Even after IG-11 is reprogrammed, the Mandalorian does not believe he has truly changed, because he believes droids have an essential nature and that IG-11's nature remains murderous and untrustworthy.
But in reprogramming IG-11, Kuiil nurtures him and helps him to change; Kuiil feels that in the process of learning how to function again, IG-11 gained a new personality.
Fans on the Internet expressed hope that it would be revealed in the next episode that he had survived, or that IG-11 or another character would revive him, before his death was confirmed on-screen.
An extremely deadly and efficient bounty hunter droid, IG-11 initially attempts to capture and kill an alien known as the Child, but is stopped and killed by another bounty hunter known as the Mandalorian.
IG-11 is later repaired by the Ugnaught alien Kuiil and reprogrammed as a nurse and protector of the Child, and an ally of the Mandalorian.
Waititi said he tried to create a voice that lacked human emotion while still maintaining some semblance of humanity, and described his performance as a cross between Siri and HAL 9000.
In his first appearance on the show, IG-11 is a member of the Bounty Hunters' Guild, and attempts to collect a bounty against an unidentified living being, which is also being sought by a fellow bounty hunter known as The Mandalorian, the show's protagonist.
The Mandalorian has a distrust for all droids that stems from the fact that battle droids attacked his home planet and killed his parents during the Clone Wars when he was a child.
Both the Mandalorian and IG-11 track the asset to a compound on the planet Arvala-7, guarded by a large number of mercenaries of the Nikto alien species.
While the Mandalorian is scouting the compound from afar, IG-11 simply walks up and demands they hand it over, resulting in a massive gunfight, which The Mandalorian eventually joins.
IG-11 attempts to kill him, but the Mandalorian shoots IG-11 in the head and kills him in order to protect the Child.
After Kuiil teaches IG-11 how to walk again, the droid takes on a more docile personality than before, serving meals and tea to guests and helping Kuiil feed his domesticated blurrg creatures.
IG-11's new programming means he no longer wants to kill the Child and is instead committed to protecting it, though the Mandalorian still does not trust the droid.
At the start of the episode, after Imperial Scout Troopers have killed Kuiil and kidnapped the Child, IG-11 catches up with the troopers outside of a nearby town, incapacitates them, and reclaims the child.
The droid then steals one of their speeder bikes and rides into the town, where he finds he Mandalorian, Cara, and the bounty hunter Greef Karga surrounded by stormtroopers being led by a man named Moff Gideon.
The Mandalorian is seriously injured and, still distrusting of droids, he assumes IG-11 is going to kill him, but instead the droid heals him with the use of bacta.
Later, after IG-11 helps the party escape from the bunker into the sewer system, they come across a Mandalorian armorer in the tunnels, who provides them an escape route aboard a droid-controlled floating barge on a river of lava.
As the barge approaches the tunnel exit, IG-11's scans reveal that a large number of Moff Gideon's stormtroopers are hiding at the tunnel gate in an ambush.
IG-11 concludes there was no scenario in which the Child could be saved and IG-11 would survive, so he decided to sacrifice himself.
He asked the Mandalorian for an assurance that the Child would be safe in his care, which would allow him to default to his secondary command so he could self-destruct.
IG-11 then walks through into the river of lava, which causes him to start to melt down, but before doing so he reaches the stormtrooper squadron and detonates himself in the middle of them, killing them all in an explosion and ensuring safe passage for the others.
Taika Waititi, the actor who performs his voice, compared IG-11 to the Terminator, the murderous android character from the media franchise of the same name.
IG-11 is also very fast, as illustrated by his ability to quickly catch up on foot to the two Imperial Scout Troopers who abduct the Child, even though they had ridden speeder bikes.
Once reprogrammed by Kuiil, IG-11 is still capable of great destruction, but his instincts now are for servitude and protection of the child instead of killing.
He remains direct, stoic, and by-the-book, but his personality becomes obedient and deferential, with IG-11 serving the characters meals and tea like a maid.
However, he shows the same level of determination he had as a bounty hunter when he is learning, or relearning, everything following his reprogramming.
IG-88 stands in one place during the scene and does not move, so IG-11 marked the first time this type of droid was seen moving and in action in a live-action production.
IG-11 immediately became a highly anticipated character among fans due to their familiarity with IG-88, and many fans and journalists mistook the character for the actual IG-88 due to their resemblance.
The casting was first announced by Favreau on March 21, 2019, when he posted a photo on Instagram of Waititi recording dialogue for the character.
Waititi said it was a challenge to come up with the voice for IG-11 because it had to lack human emotion and personality while still maintaining some semblance of humanity, which he described as a subtle and tricky balance.
Even after IG-11 is reprogrammed, the Mandalorian does not believe he has truly changed, because he believes droids have an essential nature and that IG-11's nature remains murderous and untrustworthy.
But in reprogramming IG-11, Kuiil nurtures him and helps him to change; Kuiil feels that in the process of learning how to function again, IG-11 gained a new personality.
The two have a relationship similar to that of a father and son, as demonstrated in the scene in which Kuiil teaches IG-11 how to operate and function after the droid is reprogrammed.
The droid was a dangerous assassin before Kuiil reprogrammed him, but thanks to the Ugnaught's parenting, he becomes a protector and helper instead.
Additionally, Phipps questions of whether IG-11's destructive behavior around the Child could ultimately be bad for his development, even though the violence is intended to protect him.
IG-11, like many droids in the franchise, appear to have a distinct personality and be almost fully sentient, but he nevertheless accept full servitude to his biological masters and allies.
Portrayed by actress and former mixed martial artist Gina Carano, she is a former Rebel shock trooper turned mercenary who becomes an ally to the title character of the series.
A highly trained fighter and battle-hardened warrior, Cara is skilled in the use of weaponry, hand-to-hand combat, and battle tactics, and has an intense hatred for the Galactic Empire.
She credits Bryce Dallas Howard, who directed the featuring Cara Dune, with helping Carano find how to best translate the character from the script to the screen.
She eventually became wanted for reasons not yet disclosed by the show, leading her to hide out on the forest planet Sorgan.
She meets the Mandalorian on Sorgan, where she recognizes him as a bounty hunter and wrongly believes he may be attempting to collect a bounty on her.
They reconcile and ultimately join forces him to defend a village against a ravaging band of raiders of the Klatooinian alien species.
Cara and the Mandalorian help prepare defensive obstacles and protective positions throughout the village, as well as train the villagers for combat.
Lacking sufficient weapons to take down the AT-ST, they develop a plan to use the environment of the village, digging ponds deep enough for the walker to collapse after stepping into them.
These measures prove effective during the battle, but when the AT-ST fails to advance far enough to fall into the pond traps, Cara successfully lures it forward by leaping into the pond herself and attacking it at close range.
After the battle, Cara saves the life of the Child, a young alien creature under the Mandalorian's protection, when she finds and kills a bounty hunter just before it is about to execute the Child.
As a result, the Mandalorian realizes he must take the Child away from Sorgan, and he invites Cara to come along with them, but she declines.
While traveling to Nevarro on the Mandalorian's ship, Cara participates in a friendly arm wrestling match with him, but the Child mistakes her actions as aggressive and uses the Force to choke her, only stopping after the Mandalorian intervenes.
During their journey, Cara and the Mandalorian's party are attacked by a group of pterodactyl-like creatures, which they repel after taking casualties.
The bounty hunter Greef Karga is critically injured and Cara attempts to apply first aid, but the Child uses the Force to heal him.
Later, Greef reveals the mission is an ambush, after which the Mandalorian is to be killed and the Child given over to the Imperials.
Cara, the Mandalorian, and Greef instead devise a new plan: they will leave the Child behind, bring the Mandalorian to the Imperials as if he is a prisoner, and then eliminate them.
The plan goes wrong, resulting in the trio becoming pinned down inside a cantina by Imperial officer Moff Gideon and his stormtroopers.
The group escapes the building via the sewer system, and flee on a droid-controlled floating barge on a river of lava.
Cara is present when IG-11 sacrifices himself to eliminate a large number of stormtroopers to ensure the group's escape, and she survives an attack by Moff Gideon in a TIE fighter, which the Mandalorian repels.
Afterward, Cara decides to stay on Nevarro to help eliminate any remaining Imperial presence on the planet, and Greef invites her to work as his enforcer, which she appears to accept.
Gina Carano, the actress and former mixed martial artist who plays the character, said Cara and the Mandalorian are similar in personality and background, and that the two understand each other and were able to form a bond as a result.
A highly trained fighter, she is muscular, extremely accurate shot, and has excellent hand-to-hand combat skills, as show immediately in her fight with the Mandalorian when Cara is first introduced.
As a soldier, Cara enjoyed the adrenaline of war, and when that disappeared during peace time, she found herself disillusioned with her new role.
Carano has said it's also possible that she is questioning whether she agreed with everything that occurred during her military service, and that her experiences at war taken a psychological toll on her.
However, she also has a strong sense of loyalty, as shown by her refusal to abandon the Mandalorian after he is seriously injured in the first-season finale.
Cara has an intense hatred for the Empire, which is driven in large part by its role in the destruction of her home planet of Alderaan.
In another example, he cited a scene in the first-season finale in which Cara assists an injured Mandalorian by dragging him into cover for assessment while providing covering fire.
He sought to make a strong and independent character, but one different from Princess Leia or other strong female characters previously featured in the franchise.
False rumors had circulated on the Internet about what type of character Cara would be prior to any official announcements about her were made character.
The event also featured teaser footage featuring Cara, a still photo of the character, and included a panel discussion with Carano and Carl Weathers, the actor who portrays Greef, discussing their characters.
She was amazed when Favreau showed her concept art that looked exactly like her, and when she first read the script she became so emotional that she cried.
Carano's casting was first announced on December 12, 2018, though the news had been leaked on the Internet before the formal announcement.
Prior to filming one of Cara's first scenes, Carano said Favreau told her that playing this character was going to change Carano's career trajectory, giving her more self-confidence as an actress providing her the opportunity to play stronger roles in the future.
Carano credited Bryce Dallas Howard, who directed the first episode featuring Cara, with helping Carano determine how to best translate the character from the script to the screen during their work together in Cara's debut episode.
The creation of Cara Dune's costume began with a mold being made of Carano's body, a process she did not enjoy.
Jon Favreau, Bryce Dallas Howard, and Dave Filoni provided input on the costume, with Howard in particular making suggestions about how to convey toughness without sacrificing femininity, while also ensuring Carano would be able to perform the athletic feats required of the character.
Cara's hairstyle was originally planned to be short, with one side completely buzzed, but Carano objected to this because she wanted to maintain the character's femininity.
Howard said while she and the producers of the series were discussing Cara's costume, they observed Chow directing and noticed the way her hair was gathered and stylized with braids, and elements of it were factored into Cara Dune's hairstyle.
Carano said the Rebel insignia tattoo in particular has a deeper back story that will be revealed later in the series.
Favreau and Filoni discussed elements of Cara's back story with Carano before filming to help inform her performance, and just before filming the introductory scene of Cara's debut episode, Favreau shared secrets about the character that would not be revealed until later in the series.
As a result, she said she could often tell what faces Pascal was making or what emotions he was expressing beneath the mask, despite not seeing his face.
During filming of Cara's first episode, Bryce Dallas Howard Howard listened to Carano's thoughts and ideas during the filming process, watched replays with her after shooting scenes, and communicated with Carano as a fellow actress, since Howard herself is also an actress.
Howard also allowed Carano to have as many takes as she needed to get the performance right, which the actress said put her at ease.
Howard enjoyed exploring the aggressive side of Cara's personality with Carano, particularly because Cara is different than the types of characters Howard usually plays as an actress herself.
During Carano's first day of filming, she was required to ride the mechanical blurrg, a reptilian mounted creature that was so large she needed a ladder to climb atop it.
Carano had a stomach flu when her scenes fighting the AT-ST were filmed, which along with two nights of rain in advance of the shoot made the scene very challenging.
Carano's introductory scene in which the Mandalorian and Cara fight each other was originally written differently, but it was changed on the set by Favreau and Howard as the stunt team worked on choreography and previsualization.
For example, Carano herself drags a wounded comrade off a battlefield during one of her scenes, which surprised many of the bystanders on the set.
Carano also outpaced Pascal's stunt double in one scene, and in another she sent a stunt performer flying across the set due to the force of one of her kicks.
Carano believes her fighting scenes have been aided not only by her mixed martial arts skills, but also her training in ballet, jazz dancing, and tap dancing as a child.
She said some fighters have trouble transitioning into acting because they want to appear tough and have trouble performing in scenes in which they lose fights or take hits, but Carano said her early arts training helped her avoid that.
Several fans have produced artwork of the character and dressed as her in cosplay, and some have gotten the Rebel Alliance tattoo that Cara has under her eye.
Based on the Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, it is inspired by the long-running comic book mythology and adaptations in other media.
Set in New York City, players follow Spider-Man trying to stop the super-human crime lord Mister Negative from releasing a deadly virus across the city while dealing with the personal problems of his civilian persona, Peter Parker.
It was nominated for Most Wanted Game at the Golden Joystick Awards in 2016 and 2017, and for Most Anticipated Game at The Game Awards 2017.
At the Gamers' Choice Awards 2018, the game received eight nominations and went on to win three awards: Fan Favorite Action Game, Fan Favorite Single Player Gaming Experience, and Fan Favorite Character of the Year for Yuri Lowenthal as Peter Parker / Spider-Man.
At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards the game received twenty-one nominations and went on to win three awards for Engineering; Game, Franchise Action; and Performance in a Drama, Supporting for Laura Bailey as Mary Jane Watson.
The character did not make his first appearance until the of the first season, but Esposito has said he will play a larger role in the second season.
He was previously an operative in the Imperial Security Bureau, a covert intelligence arm and secret police for the Galactic Empire.
Gideon's life was drastically changed after the fall of the Empire, and he became a warlord leading his own Imperial remnant.
As the character Cara Dune states in the show, it was widely believed Moff Gideon had been executed for war crimes before the series began.
The Client is meeting with the bounty hunter Greef Karga and his associate Cara Dune at a cantina on the planet Nevarro.
He is under the impression that Greef has brought the Child to him, along with the imprisoned Mandalorian, who had been trying to protect the Child from the Empire.
In reality, the Child is not with them, and the meeting is a trap in which the Mandalorian plans to kill the Client and his stormtoopers.
Moff Gideon suggests that is not the case, then orders a squadron of his own stormtroopers to open fire on the cantina, killing the Client and his troops.
Afterward, the cantina is surrounded by stormtroopers and Death Troopers, and Moff Gideon lands his modified TIE Fighter outside the building and emerges, informing the trapped Mandalorian, Cara, and Greef that he wants the Child.
Gideon reveals he knows secret details about all of them, and refers to the Mandalorian by his real name, Din Djarin, marking the first time this name was revealed in the show.
When the droid IG-11 arrives to assist the Mandalorian and his allies, a brief gunfight breaks out between them and the stormtroopers.
During this fight, Gideon seriously injures and nearly kills the Mandalorian by shooting a power generator near him, causing an explosion.
The Mandalorian and his party escape from the Imperials, but Gideon later encounters them elsewhere on the planet, where Gideon attacks them from above with his TIE fighter while they are on the ground.
The Mandalorian uses his jetpack to fly after and attack Gideon's starfighter, connecting his grapple hook to the wing and after briefly clinging to the top of the TIE Fighter in mid-air.
He places an explosive charge on the ship and it explodes, causing the damaged TIE Fighter to crash in the distance, which allows the Mandalorian and his allies to escape.
In the final scene of the episode and season, Gideon is shown to have survived the crash, and he uses a lightsaber-like weapon with a black blade to cut through the metal exterior of the TIE Fighter and extract himself.
Moff Gideon is a dangerous and fierce man, who does not hesitate to harm or kill anyone to get what he wants.
Gideon does not hesitate to kill his own men when they fail him, or even for mere annoyances like when they interrupt him.
Sly, intimidating, and unforgiving, Gideon is extremely determined to achieve his goals and is willing to sacrifice the lives of his men to get the Child.
Gideon is a strong military strategist, and despite the fall of the Empire still yields power, commanding a considerable number of Imperial forces, including people, equipment, and spaceships.
Through his past association with the Imperial Security Bureau, Gideon had access to a great deal of classified intelligence, and as a result he is extremely knowledgeable about topics unknown to most other characters in the series.
Gideon has a vision for the future, and a strong personal sense of order, one of the driving principles of the Empire, which had a militaristic approach to policing the galaxy that Gideon also embraces.
After the show aired, Giancarlo said two of his four daughters sent him text messages urging him not to hurt the Child, who had become an Internet sensation.
The costume was created based upon the design by costume designer Joseph Porro, with props and costume fabrication by Frank Ippolito via Ippolito's company Thingergy Inc.
Using a combination of physical set pieces and images projected onto the screens, the Volume allows the actors to be filmed and placed into a digital environment.
The sequences with Moff Gideon flying his TIE Fighter were filmed in the Volume, and Waititi was very detail-oriented in working with Esposito on the scenes.
For example, Waititi gave Esposito very specific feedback on what he felt Esposito should be doing with his feet during the final scene when he cuts himself free of the crashed TIE Fighter.
In 1797 Shaw had owned an earlier slave ship named that the French had captured in 1798 after she had delivered to Demerara the saves that she had acquired.
The last vessel to sail from Liverpool on a legal slave trading voyage was , which left Liverpool on 27 July 1807.
Francisco Javier García Fernández (born 9 August 1974) is a Spanish martial artist who represented his native country Spain in sport jujitsu.
He is the most decorated Spanish jutsuka, a two time World and European champion in discipline fighting systems, -62 kg weight category.
Lutoff-Perlo began her career in the travel industry after seeing a Help Wanted ad for a travel advisor at Crimson Travel.
While with Crimson Travel, she was in constant communication with Royal Caribbean International and learned that there was an open position as a Miami Sales manager.
Lutoff-Perlo worked her way up the corporate ladder until she became associate vice president of national and corporate sales for both Celebrity Cruises and Royal Caribbean International.
She became the first woman to lead one of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.’s cruise line brands and the first and only woman CEO of a publicly traded cruise line on the New York Stock Exchange.
In her first year as president and CEO, Lutoff-Perlo hired Kate McCue, the first American woman to captain a cruise ship.
The next year, she announced that Celebrity Cruises would become the first cruise line to conduct legal same-sex marriages at sea.
This was also the year that Celebrity Edge began operation, a new Celebrity Cruise ship that began a new line of a fleet of ships.
Annales de pomologie belge et étrangère (1853–1860) was an illustrated pomology review published annually by the Belgian Commission Royale de Pomologie, with Alexandre Bivort as secretary of the editorial committee (effectively editor in chief).
Many of the illustrations were fine coloured lithographs, then a Belgian specialism in horticultural illustration, with no indication of the artists involved in their production.
It was seen as a harbinger of China's potential influence on the platform, which had not been formally opened to the region.
Loans that were taken out by Japan focused on improving infrastructure, having electrical power generation, improving water, establishing basic industry development and improving transportation.
Japan finished repaying its debt by 1990, at which point the World Bank and Japan established the Policy and Human Resources Development Fund (PHRD).
Yoshida works closely with 24 other Executive Directors within the World Bank to fight global poverty and also focus on development with 189 other countries.
Yoshida previously held the Alternative Executive Director role from 2000 to 2003 and became the Executive Director for Japan on August 6, 2018.
Masonori Yoshida has not only kept within the World Bank Group but has also jumped to the International Monetary Fund and served as the Adviser to the European Department.
Japan's voting power within the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is 193,708 number of votes and currently holds about 7.79% of the votes within the IBRD.
In the International Development Association (IDA), Japan has a total of 193,708 votes and that makes up about 7.79% of the votes.
In the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Japan has a total of 9,205 of the total number of votes which makes up 4.22% of the votes.
Nishikata served as the Senior Adviser for the Executive Director of Japan from 2006 to 2009 and then became the Alternative Executive Director for Japan.
The Government of Japan and the World Bank Group both have joint ventures, used to strengthen the relations between the government of Japan and the organization.
The joint ventures are the Japan Policy and Human Resource Development Fund (PHRD), Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF), Climate Investment Fund (CIF) and Learning from Mega Disasters.
The overall purpose for the Japan Policy and Human Resource Development Fund is to help with preparation and implementation which involve the World Bank.
The PHRD has been very innovative when it comes to climate change because recently has started co-financing projects that are completely related to climate change.
The PHRD is one of the largest funds within the World Bank, and Japan supports it since 1990, and within the last couple of years the PHRD has paid for at least one-third of the IBRD and IDA loans.
The top ten recipients during Fiscal Year 2006 of PHRA TA Grants were Vietnam receiving 10.8 million, Azerbaijan receiving 7.5 million, Kyrgyzstan receiving 4.7 million, The Philippines receiving 4.2 million, Albania receiving 4.0 million, Senegal receiving 4.0 million, Kenya receiving 3.2 million, Nigeria receiving 3.0 million, The Gambia receiving 3.0 million and Indonesia receiving 2.9 million.
The Japan Social Development Fund specializes in helping the individuals that were affected by the Asian Financial Crisis, and it focuses mostly on low-income countries.
The Japan Social Development Fund was established to provide grants to the countries that need them, and there are three types of grant categories; Regular Program Grants, Special Program Grants, and Seed-Fund Grants.
Lastly, Seed-Fund Grants are the grants which are used for the preparation phase during the process they are only helpful with $75,000 US dollars.
The amount of money that the Climate Investment Fund has is about $8 billion, and these funds are mainly given to developing and middle-income countries so they can afford climate financing projects without taking a huge risk.
Currently the Climate Investment Fund has gathered 8 billion USD from 14 different countries and has invested in Climate-Smart Investments in 72 countries.
About 57% of the projects that have been financed have been for the public sector while 43% of the projects have been for the private sector.
There are four major factors of projects that the Climate Investment Fund focuses on: clean technology, climate resilience, energy access, and having sustainable forests.
The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) was 9.0 earthquake which shook Japan, causing a tsunami and a nuclear power plant disaster.
The World Bank and the government of Japan both learned from the earthquake on how other countries should prepare themselves from natural disasters.
This information also was given to other countries so they could learn how to prepare for natural disasters before they happened and what to do after they occurred.
Japan contributes to several different developing countries thanks to the help of the World Bank Institute, and their main focus is to help with initiatives that help developing countries prepare for natural disasters.
Recently the World Bank gathered about $2 Billion for the Sustainable Development Bonds, thanks to Japanese investors who currently make up about 85% of the money coming from Japan.
Niemeyer's style was partly based on other futuristic architecture like that of Frank Lloyd Wright, Antoni Gaudi and John Lautner and combined space for work and living under same roof.
The 2010–11 NCAA Division II men's ice hockey season began on October 29, 2010 and concluded on March 5 of the following year.
Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness (d. 1765) was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan in Caithness.
He died in 1765, leaving an only child, Lady Dorothea, who married James Duff, 2nd Earl Fife and who died in 1819 without issue.
In 1761, Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness had executed an entail that on the failure of his heirs, his estates should pass to the Sinclairs of Stevenson who were not related to the Sinclairs of Murkle who the Earl was descended from.
Upon his death the male issue of his father, John Sinclair, 8th Earl of Caithness, of his grandfather, Sir James Sinclair, 2nd of Murkle and of his great-grandfather, James Sinclair, 1st of Murkle, became extinct.
The title then devolved upon William Sinclair of Rattar, as the lineal descendant of Sir John Sinclair of Greenland and Rattar, third son of John Sinclair, Master of Caithness (d. 1576) and younger brother of James Sinclair, 1st of Murkle.
Sir James Sinclair of Murkle had a son, David Sinclair of Broynach, whose male descendants would have succeeded to the title in preferences to the Sinclair of Greenland and Rattar branch.
However, his grandson, James, who did claim the title, failed to establish legitimacy of his father, David, the son of David Sinclair of Broynach.
William Sinclair of Rattar was therefore served male heir, becoming 10th Earl of Caithness, with the Committee of Privileges adjudging the title to him in May 1772.
Noah Dawkins (born August 13, 1997) is an American football linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).
A native of Spartanburg, South Carolina he was a 2 year letterman at James F. Byrnes High School; as a senior he set a school record with 23 sacks; he was named the ESPN Upstate Player of the Year and the Spartanburg Herald Journal Defensive Player of the Year.
As a senior, Dawkins finished second on the team with 66 tackles and 13.5 tackles for loss and led the Bulldogs with 5.5 sacks and was named first team All-Southern Conference.
The 34th Goya Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences (AACCE), honored the best in Spanish films of 2019 and took place at the Palacio de Deportes José María Martín Carpena in Málaga on January 25, 2020.
The ceremony was televised in Spain by Televisión Española (TVE) and was hosted for the second consecutive year by television presenter and comedian Andreu Buenafuente and actress Silvia Abril.
It was the third overall time and the second consecutive year that the ceremony was held outside of Madrid: previously the 14th edition and the 33th edition had taken place in Barcelona and Seville respectively.
Suspected of bribing members of the Maltese government, in November 2019 Fenech was arrested as a suspect in the murder of the investigative-journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.
Later, the research group The Daphne Project came across e-mails between 17 Black and two shell companies in Panama, belonging to Mizzi or Schembri.
Fenech was CEO of the Tumas Group and a director of energy company Electrogas; in 2019 he resigned from both positions.
On 16 October 2017, investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia died in a car bomb attack close to her home, attracting widespread local and international reactions.
Theuma was thought to be able to provide comprehensive information about the murder case and other crimes, and received a presidential pardon in exchange for information relating to the mastermind of the murder.
On 30 November 2019, an indictment was filed against Fenech, and he was accused of complicity in the murder of Caruana Galizia.
Six days after the arrest of Fenech, Keith Schembri resigned his government post as Chief of Staff, and was subsequently questioned by the police.
Schembri is also accused of having tried to influence Fenech in order to frame Christian Cardona as responsible for the murder of Caruana Galizia.
Founded by a small group of rural blacks who wanted their own church after the Civil War, Dove Creek Baptist Church is similar to other late 19th century rural black churches in Georgia in its simple frame construction and rectangular shape with gabled roof and little architectural detailing.
Its location was a wooded rural one; its original location about to the southeast is similar; it was moved to the northwest in 1979 towards addressing issues of vandalism and access.
Google Satellite view indicates the apparent former site of the church, with a graveyard, further to the southeast along Dove Creek Church Road.
Tomás (Hoze Meléndez), is a young man with autism who is taken unexpectedly by his brother-in-law (Leonardo Ortizgris), a versatile group musician, to a wedding.
Lola is a young woman desperately searching for her lost son and fleeing a difficult past where she is possessively trying to keep the troubled Igor - the father of her child.
After 10 years, he finally finds a reliable clue about his son, but in order to get him back, he has to give up everything and even his name.
Vennimala is a small village located in Puthuppally Grama Panchayath of the Kottayam district in Kerala.. Vennimala is east of Kottayam.
In Hindu mythology, Lord Rama and Lakshman visited this place in Treta Yuga and, Lakshman killed many demons (asuras) who threatened and harassed the local sages.
Unnuneli Sandesam, famous sandesa kavyam (message poem), in 14th century CE is describes the capital cities of Thekkumkur, Vennimala and Manikandapuram.
William Sinclair, 10th Earl of Caithness (died 1779), was a Scottish nobleman and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Highland Scottish clan in Caithness.
In 1761, Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness had executed an entail that on the failure of his heirs, his estates should pass to the Sinclairs of Stevenson who were not related to the Sinclairs of Murkle who the Earl was descended from.
Upon his death the male issue of his father, John Sinclair, 8th Earl of Caithness, of his grandfather, Sir James Sinclair, 2nd of Murkle and of his great-grandfather, James Sinclair, 1st of Murkle, became extinct.
The title then devolved upon William Sinclair of Rattar, as the lineal descendant of Sir John Sinclair of Greenland and Rattar, third son of John Sinclair, Master of Caithness (d. 1576) and younger brother of James Sinclair, 1st of Murkle.
Sir James Sinclair of Murkle had a son, David Sinclair of Broynach, whose male descendants would have succeeded to the title in preferences to the Sinclair of Greenland and Rattar branch.
However, his grandson, James, who did claim the title, failed to establish legitimacy of his father, David, the son of David Sinclair of Broynach.
William Sinclair of Rattar was therefore served male heir, becoming 10th Earl of Caithness, with the Committee of Privileges adjudging the title to him in May 1772.
The success of the blog resulted in a career change so that she could focus full-time on dressmaking, pattern design and sewing related teaching and writing, putting to use more than a decade of experience designing educational resources.
She was motivated to create sewing resources that prioritize visual, plain language instructions after finding that the books she relied on while learning how to sew often relied on hard to follow jargon.
Walnes' work has been recognized multiple times by Sew Magazine's British Sewing Awards, including Best Sewing Blog and Favourite Sewing Personality.
Users use the hashtag #BlueBeanieDay, change their social media avatars to show themselves in blue headgear, and share information and links to content promoting the open web and online accessibility.
The origin of the name of the holiday is the image of Jeffrey Zeldman on the cover of his book wearing a blue toque.
In 1932, an Austrian-Jewish journal printed an article that described her as most famous for her work for children's books, in which she represented the struggle for a child to understand the world in balanced compositions and harmonies of color.
Patricia Horne (born c.1929), is an Irish medical doctor who spent the beginning of her career working in Africa in Nigeria in the 1950s.
Her father was a Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) officer at Gallipoli before returning to Dublin and marrying Moclair in 1925.
Horne grew up wanting to be a surgeon, and she and her sister went to the Ursulines secondary school in Waterford.
While in college, Horne lead the UCD women's hockey team to Irish Senior Cup victory in 1951; the cup was not won by UCD again for 58 years.
In the early period for women as doctors in Ireland, they often found it easier to work in public health, and so, with her mother's experience behind her, Horne also completed a Diploma in Public Health.
Horne wanted to work overseas and her father's experience at Gallipoli led him to want his daughter to work with nuns if she did so.
She applied for government public health operations in Hong Kong, Africa and India but in 1957 went to work on a two year contract to a missionary hospital in Nsukka, Nigeria.
Some of the surgery methods used due to decisions made locally had strong arguments in their favour but have been controversial in other locations.After two years she left and returned home.
A back injury forced Horne to give up surgery and she took up psychiatry and worked in Ireland until her retirement in 1994.
The Dreamspeakers International Film Festival is an annual film festival in Edmonton, Alberta, which programs a lineup of films related to First Nations, Métis, Inuit and other international indigenous peoples.
The oldest surviving indigenous film festival in Canada, it was first staged in 1992; however, its inaugural edition faced some controversy when the First Nations Filmmakers Alliance pressured the festival's organizing committee to pull several scheduled films which had not been made by indigenous filmmakers.
The festival's organizing committee and film selection process were restructured in response to the controversy before the second event was staged in 1993, and most later coverage of the festival has treated 1993 rather than 1992 as the launch date of the festival in its current form.
For financial reasons, the festival was not staged in 1999 after failing to secure an arts grant from the city of Edmonton.
It was revived in 2003 as a programming stream within the city's Global Visions Film Festival, before being officially relaunched as a separate event again in 2004.
The festival also coordinates the Dreamspeakers Walk of Honour, a public walk of fame in the city's Beaver Hills House Park devoted to distinguished Canadian indigenous people.
On 2 December 2019, the Maldives played their first-ever WT20I match, when they faced Nepal in the opening match of the tournament.
On 5 December 2019, Bangladesh beat the Maldives by 249 runs, with the Maldives bowled out for just six runs in their innings.
In the match, the Maldives were dismissed for just eight runs, to record the second lowest total in a WT20I match.
Bangladesh defended seven runs from the final over of the match to win their first ever gold in cricket at the South Asian Games.
is a type of master's degree and professional degree awarded by the United States Air Force via Air Command and Staff College (ACSC).
Military art and science is an interdisciplinary field of study that serves as Professional military education in the United States Air Force.
They include established academic fields of study such as sociology, history, engineering, psychology, politics, geography, science, ethics, economics, anthropology, and others.
It may also include other professional fields of practice such as medicine and the law insofar as they interact with the military or are applied to military matters.
The United States Army Command and General Staff College awards a similar master's degree and professional degree, a Masters of Military Art and Science (MMAS or M.M.A.S).
Thus, a large proportion of research in the field of military art and science is done to address practical problems faced by practitioners.
Purely academic research, however, is also an integral part of the field and is essential to ensure its continued intellectual vitality.
The results of scholarship and research in the field may be of interest and may be helpful to political leaders and policymakers, military officers, as well as to scholars and the interested public.
Military art is generally subject to qualitative rather than quantitative investigation, although it does not exclude the use of quantitative methods when appropriate.
It includes such areas as the technological military applications and equipment made possible by the physical sciences, various engineering disciplines, industrial management, logistics, electronic simulations, communications technologies, and transportation technologies.
Research in military science requires a degree of expertise in the use of logic and critical thinking; and normally it also requires technical expertise in at least one of its associated disciplines.
Seven Great Poets or Seven Great Ozans () is a term that denotes 7 ozans who lived between 14th and 16th century that represent Alevi poetry and literature.
Seven Ulu Ozan are the poets who gave their works mostly in Turkish language, although they knew languages such as Arabic and Persian, which enlighten the people about the political problems of the period.
According to the belief, for the struggle for the sake of the Alevi faith and the persecution they endured, as well as the content that attracted people in their literary works influenced all Ozans that came after them.
TRECE (formerly called 13TV) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel run by the Episcopal Conference of Spain, belongs to Radio Popular group together with the radio stations COPE, Rock FM, Cadena 100 and MegaStar FM and the TV network Popular TV.
These three fundamentals are transferred to a bar of programming integrated by programs of debate, analysis, news, interviews, documentaries and movies.
While still in his teens he started contributing local news items to the Saint Croix Courier, a weekly newspaper published in St. Stephen, New Brunswick.
He served in the Canadian army in World War II as a dental technician and returned to Grand Manan, where he became a teacher of business education at the newly opened Grand Manan High School in 1948.
He went on to become the curator of Canadian history at the New Brunswick Museum in Saint John, New Brunswick, and in 1973 he was named director of the New Brunswick Museum.
A major expansion of the Grand Manan Museum in 1998 was named the L. Keith Ingersoll Memorial Wing in his honour.
Previously, he played as midfielder in NAK Novi Sad in 1924 in Yugoslavia, and in Italy in FC Liberty Bari in the 1924–25 and 1925–26 Prima Divisione seasons.
The Bell's Gap Railroad Company was incorporated under the general law of Pennsylvania on 11 May 1871, to construct a railway from Bell’s Mills, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, to Lloyds in Cambria County.
The Pennsylvania & North Western Railroad Company became the successor by change of name of the Bell's Gap Railroad Company on 9 May 1874.
There were ten of these curves on the maximum grade, two of which were long with a turning an angle of 168°.
Lazar Kuburović (, born 22 December 1992) is a danish martial artist who reprezented his native country Danemark in sport jujitsu and at amateur level in judo.
He is winner of World Games in Cali from 2013 and two times world champion – 2012 and 2014 in discipline Fighting System, −94 kg weight category.
The Asinabka Film and Media Arts Festival is an annual film festival in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, which programs a lineup of films related to First Nations, Métis, Inuit and other international indigenous peoples.
Named for the traditional Algonquin language name of Victoria Island in the city's Chaudière Falls, the event was launched in 2012 by Howard Adler and Christopher Wong after they attended a Bollywood film event at Library and Archives Canada and began to wonder why the city had no similar events devoted to indigenous film.
Staged at the Ottawa Art Gallery, the event also includes art exhibitions, musical performances and panel discussions as well as films.
Zinovy Markovich Ushakov (Russian: Зиновий Маркович Ушаков; 7 November 1895 – 26 January 1940) was a Soviet police officer who became a notorious torturer during the Great Purge.
Born in Kiev province, the son of a carpenter, Ushakov left school at 13 to work the same trade, but was drafted into the Imperial Russian in 1916.
From February 1935 to Deecmber 1936, he was deputy head of the Special Department of the NKVD in the Belorussian Belarus Republic.
The first Red Army officer to be arrested in the Great Purge, Dmitry Shmidt was interrogated by Ushakov, and forced to give evidence incriminating the commander of the Ukraine military district, Iona Yakir.
After Marshal Tukhachevsky was arrested in May 1937, Ushkaov took over his itnerrogation and forced a confession out of him - which he retracted at his trial - by beating him so severely that there blood stains on the document he signed incriminating himself.
After the arrest of Robert Eikhe in April 1938, Ushkaov forced a confession out of him through torture, making use of the fact that Eikhe broken ribs had not mended properly.
Ushakov was sent on a mission to the Far eastern territory in summer 1938, and was arrested in Khabarovskon 5 September, when Lavrentiy Beria was taking control of the NKVD, sentenced to death on 21 January 1940, and shot on 26 January.
He served as the head football coach at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa (1977), Loras College in Dubuque, Iowa (1978–1979), and Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois (1980–1983), compiling a career college football coaching record of 13–50–1.
Having originated in North America, it has spread to other parts of the world and become a major pest of cotton crops.
The adult female is ellipsoidal in shape, about long and wide, with a convex dorsal surface and a flat ventral surface.
The body is yellowish-grey but this is largely obscured by the waxy secretions that cover the body, although the segmentation can still be seen.
It was not reported again until 1967 when it was detected in Arizona, California, Colorado, Mississippi, Texas and Washington D.C.. By 1988 it was found on cotton in a number of areas of Texas and had adapted to feed on 29 different species of plant.
It continued to spread in North America and later to other parts of the world, being reported in India in 2004, Pakistan and Brazil in 2005, and China and Sri Lanka in 2008.
In dry conditions, they move to the roots and the lower leaves and stems, however in wetter conditions they prefer the upper parts of the plant.
An infestation of this mealybug on cotton causes stunting of plants and yellowing, distortion and premature shedding of leaves; the presence of sooty mould reduces photosynthesis, bolls may not develop properly and yields of lint are reduced by an average of 35% in India.
Born at Wedmore, Somerset in December 1898, Smith was commissioned into the Royal Marines as a probationary second lieutenant during the First World War in August 1916.
He was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant the following September, with Smith granted the full rank following the war in September 1919.
Smith made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Chatham in 1929.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 7 runs in the Navy first-innings by Sidney Martin, while in their second-innings he was run out for 47.
Smith later served with the Royal Marines during the Second World War, which saw him made an acting lieutenant colonel in May 1942.
Sentou Yousei Yukikaze: Yousei no Mau Sora (せんとうようせい ゆきかぜ： ようせい の まう そら translation: Fighting Fairy Blizzard: The cause of the death) is a Japan exclusive light combat game for the Xbox.
During her time with the library, she ran a main branch located on Eglinton Avenue, oversaw four additional branches, and started a bookmobile to support the borough.
In 1959, Gregory reported to a Toronto Daily Star reporter that the library had four copies of Lolita, available upon request, and had no plans to remove it from circulation, although many local library systems had refused to carry the novel.
Gregory was most likely a graduate of Trinity College from the 1920s as she was an active member of the St. Hilda's College Alumna association, hosting community events and fundraising in the 1930s.
Johann Georg Birnstiel (28 March 28 1858 – 31 October 1927) was a Swiss writer and minister of the Swiss Reformed Church.
He suffered from a stroke in 1913 and retired from ministry and spent the rest of his life as a writer.
Joan of Arc is an 1879 painting by Jules Bastien-Lepage, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where it has been since 1889, the year in which it was also exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris.
Joan of Arc became an increasingly important figure in French sculpture, painting and culture in the 1870s and 1880s, following the country's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, after which the German Empire annexed Joan's (and Bastien-Lepage's) birthplace of Lorraine.
Bastien-Lepage was no exception and his work was bought by the New York businessman Erwin Davis in 1880, having been exhibited at the Paris Salon earlier that year.
All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.
Soo Jung Lee (; born 1964) is a South Korean forensic psychologist, professor of that subject at Kyonggi University in Seoul, and part of the country's first generation of criminal profilers.
She has been named part of BBC's list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2019, in the leadership category.
She was previously a member of the Supreme Court's Sentencing Commission, the Supreme Prosecutors' Office's sexual violence taskforce and the National Police Agency's reform committee.
He served as the head football coach at the University of Minnesota–Morris (1996–1997), Cheyney University of Pennsylvania (1998–2001), and Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee (2004–2005).
Jennifer Anne Raff (born 1979) (née Kedzie) is an American geneticist and Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Kansas.
She specialises in anthropological genetics relating to the initial peopling of the Americas and subsequent prehistory of indigenous populations throughout North America.
While she was a child her mother started a doctoral degree in neuroscience, which inspired Raff to follow a career in scientific research.
During her last year of high school Raff asked a professor in a nearby university if she could join his laboratory, and started to work on molecular biology.
in biology and anthropology from Indiana University in 2001, after which she worked for a year in a yeast molecular genetics lab.
She received a master's degree in anthropology in 2008, and a doctoral degree in genetics and biological anthropology in 2008, also from Indiana University.
Raff was a postdoctoral scholar working with Dennis O’Rourke at the University of Utah, with M. Geoffrey Hayes at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago Illinois, and with Deborah Bolnick at the University of Texas at Austin.
In 2015 she was appointed Assistant Professor of Biological Anthropology at the University of Kansas where she conducts population genetics research on ancient and contemporary North American populations from the North American Arctic, the Midwest, and Texas.
Her research involves the analysis of genomes in ancient and contemporary DNA, which she uses to understand the histories of human populations.
As well as research Raff teaches courses on Fundamentals of Physical Anthropology, on Human Evolution, and on Critical Analysis of Scientific Literature.
She is a faculty member with the Summer Internship for Indigenous Peoples in Genomics, a program designed to increase representation of indigenous peoples in the field of genetics.
The book will be a genetic history of humans in North and South America and looks to teach people about the fundamental science of genetics.
She has appeared on several podcasts, including Science for the People, NPR Science Friday, Inside Science and on the BBC World Service.
She reached the semifinals in the Chicago Golden Gloves Women's 156 pound Senior Novice division in 2012, but lost the title bout to Allie Ayers .
Unfinished Business (also known as the PCD Reunion Tour) is the upcoming third concert tour by American girl group The Pussycat Dolls.
It was announced in 2019, when Nicole Scherzinger, Ashley Roberts, Carmit Bachar, Kimberly Wyatt and Jessica Sutta announced that the Dolls were reforming for new music and a brand new concert tour.
On December 6, 2019, The Dolls added a second date at London's The O Arena on April 19th after selling out their first date on April 17th.
Maria Trinidad Howard Sturgis Middlemore (also wrote as Mrs. S. C. G. Middlemore and M. H. Sturgis; née Sturgis; July 26, 1846 in Manila – February 11, 1890 in Malvern) was an American-Filipina author.
In the preface, she declares that her intention is to introduce her readers to an overlooked element of Spanish culture: that of peasant folktales.
The answer is simply that such, as a fact, is the general character of the Spanish legend.” The tales speak of ghosts, witches, religious miracles and werewolves.
The family made its fortune in trade between Canton and Manila through the firm Russell & Sturgis, co-founded by her father in 1828 as an offshoot of Russell & Co. She was the cousin of British politician Henry Parkman Sturgis, who was named after her father.
He made his senior debut for Doncaster on 8 October 2019 in the EFL Trophy, having joined Gainsborough Trinity on loan earlier that month.
Bastien-Lepage painted it in his native village of Damvillers, whose name is written in the work's lower-left corner just above the artist's signature.
Next it was acquired in 1897 by the Australian entrepreneur George McCulloch, who had moved to London in the early 1890s and started collecting paintings.
In October 1927 the painting was acquired by the Australian Felton Bequest Foundation, based on funds bequeathed by Alfred Felton and in 1928 it was transferred to its present owner.
Rip City Skates, known also as Rip City, is the longest running skate shop in Santa Monica, California, established in 1978.
The popularity of rollerskating waned and the shop became a meeting place for the Santa Monica and greater west L.A. skateboard scene.
In November 2019, it was announced that the building at 2709 Santa Monica Blvd where Rip City Skates has been in business for over 40 years was scheduled for demolition and redevelopment.
The local skateboard community has begun a community organizing campaign to save the building, asking the city of Los Angeles to deem Rip City Skates a historical landmark.
The Making Scenes Film and Video Festival was an annual film festival in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, active from 1992 to 2005.
The event was created in 1992 by a small group of gay and lesbian film buffs after attending Toronto's inaugural Inside Out Film and Video Festival in 1991.
Its launch saw some minor controversy over the city's approval of a municipal arts grant to the organizing committee, which some critics tried to connect to the city's denial of a grant to the long-running Kiwanis Music Festival.
In its first two years the event was staged in the Alumni Auditorium at the University of Ottawa, while in 1994 it moved to the auditorium of the National Gallery of Canada.
Staged in late April to early May each year in its early years, the festival was moved to September in 1998 following feedback from postsecondary students at the University of Ottawa, Carleton University and Algonquin College that the spring scheduling left many students unable to attend the festival.
Due to the close connections between English and Scottish football, several players have played for clubs in Scotland and in the English Football League and/or Premier League and amassed over 200 goals across the two systems, including David McLean (over 160 goals in both), Joe Baker (over 140 in both), Neil Martin (over 110 in both) and Kenny Dalglish (over 110 in both).
He is the founder and president of the Fes World Festival of Sacred Music and the Fes Festival of Sufi Culture.
In 2001, he was dubbed by the United Nations as one of the twelve world personalities who contributed to the dialogue of civilizations.
Born in Fez, Morocco in 1953, Faouzi Skali developed an interest in Sufism in his early years through reading a book of Rumi.
A former member of the European Commission's Groupe de Sages, Skali was decorated as Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French Republic in May 2014 in recognition of his career and his actions for promotion of cultural diversity particularly through the creation of the World Sacred Music Festival, held every year in the capital of Morocco.
He served as the head football coach at Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky (1984), Lees–McRae College in Banner Elk, North Carolina (1991–1993), and Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota (2011–2012).
District 11 covers much of central Hillsborough County between the cities of Manchester and Nashua, including the towns of Amherst, Merrimack, Milford, and Wilton.
Henry Alford (12 February 1816 – 20 February 1892) was a police trooper in colonial South Australia, the colony's first mounted constable.
He left the force at a time of low morale and became a hotel owner and publican, in which pursuit he was followed by his two sons.
One of his first assignments was to purchase and accompany from Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land) two horses and two bullocks, the first brought into the colony.
Alford and two others volunteered as special constables to bring in three escaped convicts from Tasmania, led by the outlaw Morgan, whom they apprehended near the whaling stations at Encounter Bay.
In April 1838 Governor Hindmarsh inaugurated a police force with Henry Inman in charge with the rank of Inspector, and Alford was one of the first of the twenty-odd men sworn in as constables, in what was Australia's first fully constituted police force.
In October 1838 the newly arrived Governor Gawler promoted Inman to Superintendent of Police, and in November James Stuart and William Baker Ashton were sworn in as sub-inspectors.
Alford was a conscientious and efficient officer, making 54 arrests in three years, and by 1841 had been promoted to sergeant, and sergeant-major in 1842.
Alford was promoted Inspector in 1849 following the death of Commissioner Gordon, and in 1853 and 1854 was responsible for guarding gold shipments from Mount Alexander to Adelaide.
In September 1853 Alford left the force, leading to a public demand for an investigation into what precipitated such an action.
and the earlier resignation from the gold escort, of Inspector William Rose A board of enquiry ratified Stuart's suspension, and furthermore removed Tolmer from command of the force, offering it to O'Halloran and, surprisingly, reinstated Tolmer as Chief Inspector, all following the confessions of chief clerk Orde, that he had been complicit in Tolmer's machinations against his subordinates.
Alford had previously shown sympathy with publicans, and in March 1854 joined their ranks, taking over the licence of the Stag Inn, corner of Rundle Street and East Terrace, then in 1855 built the Glynde Inn, of which he became licensee in June 1856.
His other son, Edwin, took on the job of poundkeeper at Hectorville in 1868, assisting with the management of the Glynde hotel nearby, giving his father leisure time to devote to his garden and a relaxed social life.
On Edwin's death she continued management of the hotel until around 1911, so it had been in the hands of the family for 55 years, possibly a State record.
His remains were interred at the West Terrace cemetery, with many members of the police force among those who attended the funeral.
Born in Damvillers to Claude Bastien and Adèle Lepage, he studied under Jules, who also painted his portrait in 1879, a work now in the Musée d'Orsay.
The List of awards and nominations received by refers to the awards and nominations which were received by Albanian singer and songwriter Alban Skënderaj.
The Saguenay International Short Film Festival () is an annual film festival in Saguenay, Quebec, Canada, which presents a program of short films.
He started 10 games, missing three due to injury and completed 199 of 312 passes for 2,411 yards, 15 touchdowns and 10 interceptions.
After studying Catholic theology in Eichstätt, Lucerne, and Freiburg, he was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1893 and assigned as the chaplain in Jonschwil.
On 24 September 1902, Federer was accused of eliciting an abusive sexual relationship with a twelve year old pupil, Emil Brunner.
Upon his return from his studies in United Kingdom in 1960, he was appointed regional secretary for the Convention People's Party.
Featuring music composed by Darbuka Siva, the film narrates the tale of a bodyguard who has to look after and protect a high-profile woman who comes to Chennai from London.
Arun Vijay had earlier trained for the project in Paris with stunt director Yannick Ben, but the film was put on hold in mid-2017 after Menon encountered financial constraints.
To prepare for his role, Varun trained with Yannick Ben and his team of stunt directors and parkour experts in Paris during mid-2019.
Chandra Bhushan Trivedi (2 February 1915 – 18 April 1982), better known by his pen name Ramai Kaka, was an Indian poet and writer who wrote in the Awadhi language.
Her parents split up when Mark was only 1 year old and she lived with her mother in Miami until the age of 9 when they moved to India so that her mother could study Thangka, a traditional Buddhist form of art.
After 3 years living in a monastery in India, Mark and her mother moved to Berlin, and after graduating high school at the age of 18 she moved to New York to live with her godparents.
It was her mother who gave Amber her first guitar, which is when she started to teach herself how to play music.
She stated in an interview that this was when she realized that being an artist was what she wanted to do.
Her mother was a huge part of her early life and one of her first songs was in dedication to her mother's passing in 2013.
At the age of 4 years old, Amber Mark’s mother was able to get concert tickets for Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour.
When they arrived they were told that they are not allowed to go to the seating area because Amber was too young at the time.
After the events of the previous episode, Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) and Ben Wyatt (Adam Scott) agree to confess their romantic relationship to their boss Chris Traeger (Rob Lowe).
In the first trial, Leslie admits her relationship with Ben to the ethics committee, but denies any possible corruption or wrongdoing as a result of dating her superior.
Unfortunately, Chris announces that he has numerous character witnesses to prove her and Ben's special treatment toward one another, as well as possible bribery.
Although Leslie manages to deflect most of the witnesses' arguments brought to the trial, one of the witnesses is rumored to be extremely important to the case.
Leslie and Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman) initially believe that the important witness is Ron's ex-wife Tammy Two (Megan Mullally); it is revealed to be George Williams, an electrician who was bribed by Leslie and Ben with a gift certificate to ignore their kiss at Li'l Sebastian's memorial service.
Chris reveals that Ben held a private meeting with the committee and took full blame for the bribery, effectively resigning as Assistant City Manager.
He and the stenographer, Ethel Beavers, reveal that Ben said his relationship with Leslie was worth losing his job; he also declares his love for her.
During the credits, Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir) admits during the trial that his real name is Garry, catching both Leslie and Chris off guard.
Steve Eisler of The AV Club gave the episode a B+, scolding the episode for its lack of screen time to the other characters, but praising its ending for its emotional weight.
The official figure of war related deaths during World War II in Yugoslavia and the immediate post-war period, provided by the Yugoslav government in 1946, was 1,706,000 deaths.
This number was proven to be exaggerated in later studies, particularly by statistician Bogoljub Kočović, who in 1985 estimated the actual war losses of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia at 1,014,000, and demographer Vladimir Žerjavić, whose 1989 estimate was 1,027,000 deaths.
Kočović did not separate civilian and military deaths, while Žerjavić estimated that 53% were civilians, and 47% were members of various military forces.
The 1964 victims census was conducted for the purpose of negotiating war reparations for human losses and damage to infrastructure with West Germany.
The census was requested by Germany as its government did not agree with negotiations on the basis of the official Yugoslav estimate at the time.
Estimates and calculations of the wartime population losses of Yugoslavia from Ivo Lah, a Slovene statistician, Croatian demographers Ivan Klauzer and Vladimir Žerjavić, and Serb statistician Bogoljub Kočović, ranging between 900,000 and 1,150,000, showed that the official Yugoslav government's figure was highly exaggerated.
The differences between them were very small, the calculated total number of victims for the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by Kočović was 1,014,000, and 1,027,000 by Žerjavić.
From 2003, the Belgrade Museum of Genocide Victims conducts a revision of the 1964 victims list, excluding deaths that occurred after 15 May 1945.
Dragan Cvetković, a historian working at the museum, estimates between 1,042–1,092,000 human losses for the territory of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and 28,000 for areas ceded after the war to Yugoslavia.
Kočović's and Žerjavić's research showed that the highest war losses, compared to the expected population number in 1948, were in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Croatia.
Kočović and Žerjavić differ in some of their categorizations of victims by ethnicity, largely in the case of the Montenegrin losses.
The estimate is based on a partially revised victims list from the 1964 Yugoslav census, excluding casualties that occurred after the formal end of the war.
Out of that number, excluding the casualties from abroad, 18,000 were killed by the Chetniks, 17,000 by NDH armed forces, 14,000 by the Partisans, 7,000 by German forces, and 5,000 by Italian forces.
The civilian casualties of the Bosnian Muslims were 36,000, based on Žerjavić's research; 20,000 were killed by the Chetniks, 7,000 by the NDH armed forces, 4,000 by the Germans, 3,000 by the Italians, and 2,000 by the Partisans.
The Belgrade Museum of Genocide Victims estimates that 22,200–23,800 Roma died in concentration camps of the NDH, out of a total of 24-26,000 Roma civilian casualties, based on Cvetković's research.
He estimated that 50,000 Croats and 11,000 Bosnian Muslims died as members of the Yugoslav Partisans, both in the country and abroad.
Regarding Serb war losses in Serbia proper, Žerjavić provided the number of 80,000 civilian deaths, or 46,000 in concentration camps, 21,000 killed by German forces, 11,000 by Bulgarian forces, and 2,000 by the Chetniks.
13,000 Muslims died as civilians, members of Axis forces, or as Yugoslav Partisans, and 5,000 were Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, and others.
The revised 1964 victims census by the Belgrade Museum of Genocide contains the named list of 55,830 civilians that died in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, which included most of Serbia proper and a part of Vojvodina.
In 2010, the Inter-Academy Commission was set up by the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences and Hungarian Academy of Sciences, to establish the number of civilian casualties within the post-war borders of Vojvodina from 1941 to 1948.
Based on the published results as of 2015, until the formal end of the Second World War, 60,847 civilians lost their lives.
Of the total number of 86,492 civilians, 51% died in camps, 47% in extrajudicial executions, and 2% were sentenced to death.
Until May 1945, most civilian deaths were caused by the German forces, followed by the Yugoslav Partisans, the NDH armed forces, and the Hungarian forces.
The calculations of war losses for Slovenia by Kočović and Žerjavić are related to the area of the pre-war Drava Banovina only, excluding todays western Slovenia that was then a part of Italy.
Of the war losses among Slovenes in the Drava Banovina, 12,000 died as Yugoslav Partisans, 9,000 as Slovene Home Guards and members of the White Guard, and 2,000 that were forcibly mobilized in the German army.
Kočović provided a similar death toll as Žerjavić for the Drava Banovina of 35,000, of which 30,000 were Slovenes, 3,000 were Germans, 1,000 were Jews, and 1,000 were Roma.
After these two studies came out, several Slovenian researchers cautioned that the figures given for the Drava Banovina were too low.
The Institute of Contemporary History in Ljubljana launched in 1995 an ongoing research on the war losses in Slovene Lands from April 1941 to January 1946.
The published data as of 2012 showed that around 97,700 people died in the territory of present-day Slovenia in that time period.
The highest losses were in the Province of Ljubljana (9.5% of the population), and the lowest were in the Prekmurje region (1.9%).
Of that number, 23,412 were civilians, 33,386 were members of the Yugoslav Partisans, the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation and other pro-partisan military units, 15,276 were Slovene Home Guards, White Guards and Slovene Chetniks, 12,380 were mobilized in the German, Italian, or Hungarian army, 1,339 were others, while 11,952 are unidentified.
The demographics losses due to emigration include those that were expelled from Yugoslavia, those that refused to return to the country from camps or from work abroad, and those that fled or emigrated for other reasons, up until 1948.
After the end of the war, the areas of Istria, Slovene Littoral, the cities of Rijeka and Zadar, and several islands were ceded from Italy to Yugoslavia, and its republics of Slovenia and Croatia.
For the areas ceded to Croatia, Žerjavić in 1993 published the results of his research which showed that 32,000 people died in that area from 1941–1945.
For Zadar, the war losses were 4,000 Italians, largely due to Allied bombing of the city, and for Rijeka, 3,000 Italians and 1,000 Croats.
Despite this and the two occupants, bungee launches remained possible and, with the increased weight, the best glide angle improved by 25%.
Over most of the span the two-part wings of the Bakcyl have constant chord and forward sweep but their long tips are trapezoidal, with sweep on their leading edges.
Forward sweep has often been employed on two seat gliders to position the rear seat over the centre of gravity, so the aircraft can be flown solo from the front seat without re-trimming; an early example is the Schleicher Ka 2 Rhönschwalbe .
Largely constructed of glassfibre, it is built around a single spar with a glassfibre-covered D-box ahead of it and is fabric covered behind the spar.
Originally these struts could pivot through 90° to act as airbrakes, as on the PW-2, but they were later replaced with upper surface spoilers, inboard of the ailerons and positioned immediately behind the spars.
The glass-epoxy composite fuselage is in two parts, a forward cabin which ends with a fairing under the wing trailing edge and a slender, square section tailboom just below the wing.
The Bakcyl lands on a fixed, fully exposed monowheel under the forward fuselage, aft of mid-chord, which has a shock absorber and a brake.
The Bakcyl's tail is conventional and similar to that of the PW-2, with a rectangular plan, canvas-covered tailplane mounted on top of the end of the tailboom and carrying a one-piece, narrow-chord elevator.
Pond of Drummond is a small shallow freshwater artificial loch in the grounds of Drummond Castle, and is orientated on an east to west orientation, being located 2 miles southeast of Crieff in Perth and Kinross.
On images of the small loch, when viewing oblique aerial images, the outline of a planned village can clearly been seen.
The area covered by the loch was once a cultivated valley that was seized by the Forfeit Estates Commission after the Jacobite rising of 1745 and were portioned out as a reward to those who supported the government.
When all those folk had died, Lady Jean (Lady Perth) converted the small valley into a loch, sometime between 1785 and 1800.
The plan of the loch shows a street on an east to west alignment, with houses on either side of the street.
The west end of the loch below the water line are not visible due to the increasing depth at that end.
The small river flows out of Pond of Drummond to the east into BennyBeg pond, a long shallow pond on an east to west orientation.
Christoph Schwab (born 14 October 1962 in Flörsheim am Main, Germany) is a German applied mathematician, specializing in numerical analysis of partial differential equations and boundary integral equations.
By means of a Ful­bright Schol­ar­ship, he studied at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he received his PhD in 1989.
At the University of Maryland, Baltimore County he was an assistant professor from 1990 to 1995 and was appointed in 1995 an associate professor.
The painting was part of a series developed for the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament in the church of San Paolo fuori le Mura in Rome.
The painting was likely displayed high on the walls of the chapel, and the point of view appears to begin below the canvas.
The Yavne-Yam ostracon, also known as the Mesad Hashavyahu ostracon, is an ostracon containing a written appeal by a field worker to the fortress's governor regarding the confiscation of his cloak, which the writer considers to have been unjust.
In the inscription, the worker makes his appeal to the governor on the basis of both the garment's undeserved confiscation and by implication, the biblical law regarding holding past sundown a person's cloak as collateral for a debt (; cf.
Some scholars argue that the ostracon bears the first known extra-Biblical reference to the Hebrew Sabbath day of rest, but the issue is debated.
The ostracon was found under the floor of a room adjacent to the guardhouse/gate complex, is approximately 20 cm high by 16.5 cm wide, and contains 14 visible lines of text.
Due to breaks in the ostracon and a missing lower right section, Naveh states that there are too few letters available in line 13 to make an educated guess what it said.
The same might likely be said of lines 11 through 14, which have been reconstructed, and a line 15 which is missing.
Predrag Ristić (; born 27 May 1996) better known by his stage name Meta, is a Serbian music producer, composer, DJ and singer.
Nehemiah 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 17th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
An ancient Greek book called 1 Esdras (Greek: ) containing some parts of 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah is included in most editions of the Septuagint and is placed before the single book of Ezra–Nehemiah (which is titled in Greek: ).
The wall around Jerusalem was not the ultimate security but 'a necessary defense and dynamic distinctive symbol' of the Jews among the surrounding nations, so the inhabitants have to participate in the system to protect the city.
The defensive measures implemented by Nehemiah, Hanani and Hananiah were only for short-term, because the bigger goal was to reestablish Jerusalem as the center of Jewish culture and religious purity, so it has to be repopulated from some people who then lived outside the city.
Nehemiah was looking for Jews with veriable heritage to send some family members to populate Jerusalem, but instead of starting a census, he used the original listing of those who had been the first to return which speficied clan origins.
This list is almost an exact replication of the one in Ezra 2, with slight variations likely due to the transcribing and transmission over time.
Sergei Schukin acquired it from the latter in 1904 and in 1918 it was acquired by the 1st Museum of New Western Painting.
In the 1990s, she was a member and coordinator of the Gender Advisor Group at the World Bank, where she coordinated the research program on ecology and sustainability in DAWN, a feminist network of researchers and activists from the South.
The painting was part of a series developed for the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament in the church of San Paolo fuori le Mura in Rome.
The painting was likely displayed high on the walls of the chapel, and the point of view appears to begin below the canvas.
As his second wife her five children were not heirs to his lands but they were eligible to be heirs to hers so she and they retained her family name.
When her husband died at Poitou in 1230 during the English invasion of France, de Verdun claimed her inheritances and paid the taxes to be allowed remain unmarried.
As time went on however the pressure to marry again increased until de Verdun decided to become a nun by 1242 she was a member of the community at Grace Dieu.
Though originally buried at the priory, in the aftermath of the dissolution of the monasteries, the villagers of Belton reburied her in their village.
She was said to have ordered the master mason thrown from one of the castle windows to prevent his working for anyone else, causing it to be known as the ‘murder window’.
Zuzana Kečkéšová (born 1980) is a Slovak-American molecular biologist at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
During her undergraduate degree, she attended the London International Youth Science Forum where she was selected by the British consulate to represent Slovakia.
She became interested in attending Western universities and began her preparation, but did not have the funding to cover her fees.
After learning that University College London offered full scholarships to students from Central European countries, Kečkéšová joined University College London in 2003, where she worked toward a doctoral degree in infectious diseases.
After earning her doctorate, Kečkéšová joined the laboratory of Robert Weinberg at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
At Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kečkéšová worked on the metabolic processes of cancer cells and the molecular networks of stem cells.
Whilst reading the countless scientific studies into the organs that cancer attacks, Kečkéšová became interested in the cells that it did not attack, and began to study cancer metastasis and the mechanisms of tumour growth.
She demonstrated that activation of LACTB in cancer cells can result in the death of cells; by altering the composition of lipids in cancer mitochondria.
In 2018 Kečkéšová was awarded a €1.75 million grant from BTCZ Ventures to support her research into the mechanisms by which cancer impacts the human body.
Under the collaboration, Kečkéšová will retain rights to the intellectual property of her research, whilst BTCZ will own licenses for future patents.
Milan Sisojević, (; born 1 October 1989) known by his stage names Kendi, Cantwait and Pablo Kenedi, is a Serbian singer.
The painting depicts a dispute between Peter and Paul at Antioch in 50 CE, as narrated in the second chapter of Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians.
St Paul is almost certainly the green and red-robed younger bearded man on the left, with a sword rising behind him, forging forward with his entourage to proselytize the outside world.
On the right of the canvas, the elder white-haired man, in a yellow robe is led back into the city to administer the church.
The painting was present in Cardinal Mazarin's collection by 1653, was acquired by King Louis XIV in 1671 and moved to Versailles.
It was transferred from Versailles to the Louvre in 1899, and then back to Versailles in 1949, and since 2012 it has been moved to the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Carcassonne.
Jalen Guyton (born June 7, 1997) is an American football wide receiver for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL).
He caught 42 passes for 1,028 yards with 13 touchdowns in his junior season as the Eagles won their third straight State Title.
In his first year with the Mean Green, Guyton posted 49 receptions for 775 yards and led the team with nine receiving touchdowns and was named the Conference USA co-Newcomer of the Year as well as second team all-conference.
Following the end of the season, Guyton announced he would be forgoing his final year of NCAA eligibility to enter the 2019 NFL Draft.
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe is an 1866-1867 painting by Claude Monet, a smaller version of a slightly earlier work now in the Musee d'Orsay.
Sergei Shchukin bought the painting from Monet himself in November 1904 for 30,000 francs via the art dealer Paul Cassirer, the thirteenth Monet work he acquired.
Louis Latouche (20 September 1829 - 24 August 1883) was a French painter, pigment dealer, framer and art dealer, notable as a defender of Impressionism.
He supported them, exhibiting their work and letting them meet in his home in the evenings- it was there that they originated the idea of a 'salon des refusés', supported by Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, Frédéric Bazille and Auguste Renoir, who lodged a petition for such a salon in 1867.
At age six, Christou was first diagnosed with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), a rare medical condition that has required treatment with numerous operations, and which has visibly changed her physical appearance.
Christou first became known for her YouTube videos, which she started making at the age of eight, to share her experiences of living with a 'visible difference'.
Christou and her parents set up The Butterfly AVM Charity to raise awareness of AVM, raise funds for research into the condition, and to support sufferers and their families.
Luis Estévez (c.1930 – November 28, 2014) was a Cuban-born American fashion designer and costume designer, active between 1951 until 1997.
His family had many generations of distinguished relatives and were descend from the De Gálvez family, whom the city of Galveston, Texas was named and from a founder of the city of St. Augustine.
His mother frequently had American magazines and adored French haute couture, she encouraged and influenced Estévez love of fashion and drawing.
At age 10, he was sent to Pennsylvania to live with his aunt and her family because multiple kidnapping attempts were made on him in Cuba.
He went on to study Architecture in college at the University of Havana, and upon leaving college, he moved to New York City.
In New York City he started to focus on Fashion and he attended Traphagen School of Fashion, graduating in 1951 in Costume Design.
While in school he got a job in window display at Lord & Taylor department store, the job did not pay much but it gave him experience.
His mother, who divorced from his father, financially supported Estévez, which allowed him to enjoy New York nightlife and meet New York society including at the nightclub El Morocco.
Lilly Daché, milliner and fashion designer hired Estévez to create a few designs while he was in school but he realized he was not yet experienced enough in his career and quit that job.
Estévez and his girlfriend Betty Dew took a 1951 boat trip to France together, where he befriended more established designers including Hubert de Givenchy, Jacques Fath, and French Vogue editor Françoise de Langlade.
His ready to wear clothing was moderately priced when compared to haute couture clothing, making it easy to sell in stores.
By 1972, he was designing under a private label with actress Eva Gabor and for Universal Studios designing costumes for film and television.
He dressed many important people in his career including Betty Ford, Lynda Bird Johnson, Nancy Reagan, Eva Gabor, Marlene Dietrich, Grace Kelly, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Natalie Wood, Carol Channing, among others.
In 1975, Estévez met with Betty Ford in Palm Springs, while she was serving as the First Lady of the United States.
Ford and Estévez discussed the creation of a line of clothing for Ford that could later be released as part of his own label, after she wore it.
In the 1980s he opened the Estévez boutique on Melrose Place in Los Angeles, partnering Allan Carr which remained open until 1992.
In 1996, he returned to California in nearby Montecito in Santa Barbara County and with a new set of investors, he opened a new boutique which closed within one year due to a legal dispute with the investors.
Estévez work is featured in various public museum collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum, Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Library of Congress, among others.
Additionally he had many affairs with both men and women despite being married to Betty Dew, and was known to have had affairs with fashion designer Halston and actress Ethel Merman.
The son of the Reverend William Barlow (son of Admiral Robert Barlow) and Louisa Adeane, he was born at Canterbury in February 1827.
After graduating from Cambridge, Barlow travelled to Brazil where he visited Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro and the Saint John d'El Rey Mining Company in order to learn about the language and trade of Brazil.
Barlow travelled to the subcontinent in 1863, visiting India and Ceylon, before travelling to Burma to obtain a concession for a railway through Burma to China.
By his own later account, he was introduced to the Burmese king, Mindon Min, who took an instant liking to him.
According to Barlow, he was then appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Burmese army and made the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
What is certain was his presence in Egypt in 1877, where he was captured and imprisoned by the Mahdist forces after landing on the Egyptian coast on a dhow which flew the Ottoman flag.
Upon his return to England, Barlow's fortunes began to decline and he was declared bankrupt for the second time since 1867.
He entered the Enfield Workhouse Infirmary in 1895, where he was to spend the remainder of his life in an apparent state of fantasy.
Barlow was married to Elizabeth Isabella Haworth, with the couple having two children, however, it appears his financial troubles lead to the breakup of his family.
The 1908 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 22nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1911 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 25th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 22 October 1911, Lees won the championship following a 2-04 to 0-01 defeat of Nils in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
It is organized by the region and country of the organization that sponsors the award, although some awards are not limited to one country.
He represented Greece at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F20 event.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships he qualified to represent Greece at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the men's shot put F20 event.
The 1914 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 28th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1923 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 35th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 20 January 1924, Lees won the championship following a 0-03 to 0-02 defeat of Youghal in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
The 33 contestants, Laury Thilleman and the national director Sylvie Tellier had travelled to Cancun, in Mexico from November, 3 to November, 12.
A jury composed of partners (internal and external) of the company Miss France pre-selects 12 young women, during an interview that took place on 1st December.
In the event of a tie, the jury's ranking prevails : it explains the Top 5 placement of Miss Provence instead of Miss Martinique.
The 1894 Cork Senior Football Championship was the eighth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
The 1901 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 15th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Garrett McGhin (born October 13, 1995) is an American football offensive tackle for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).
Defending champions Mall Molesworth and Emily Hood Westacott defeated Joan Hartigan and Ula Valkenburg 6–8, 6–4, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.
Twelve pairs were placed in the main draw and eleven had to play in the preliminary rounds, from which the last four qualified into the first round of the competition proper.
Galit Ronen (born 01.02.1965 in Kibbutz Ramat Hashofet) is an Israeli diplomat who has served as their Ambassador to Uruguay (2018), and since August 2019, to Argentina.
The 1915 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 29th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 8 August 1915, Nils won the championship following a 2-03 to 0-01 defeat of Fermoy in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1994 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1994 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
The Church of the Nativity of Christ (; ), also known as The Old Church (), is a Serbian Orthodox church building located in Pirot in the district of the same name in southeastern Serbia.
Driving Licence is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film directed by Lal Jr., written by Sachy and jointly produced by Supriya Menon and Listin Stephen.
The plot follows actor Hareendran, who seeks help from one of his ardent fan Kuruvila Joseph, a Motor Vehicle Inspector, to renew his driving licence.
But their meeting does not go as planned, on the contrary, a feud develops between them that takes a toll on each others personal and professional life.
Kuruvila Joseph, a Motor Vehicle Inspector (MVI) at Kakkanad RTO in Kochi, is an ardent fan of Hareendran, a famous actor.
During the shoot of his latest film, Hareendran and his crew come to know that the location they decided for shooting the climax is under the control of Navy and Hareendran must submit his driving license to get the clearance.
But Hareendran's driving license is missing and he can't apply for a duplicate due to some complications at his old RTO.
District 3 covers much of the Mid-Ohio Valley region, including all of Pleasants, Wirt, and Wood Counties and parts of Roane County.
It is based in the city of Parkersburg, also covering the nearby communities of Vienna, Williamstown, Blennerhassett, Mineralwells, Elizabeth, and St. Marys.
The district is located largely within West Virginia's 1st congressional district, with a small portion extending into West Virginia's 2nd congressional district, and overlaps with the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
Republican Bob Ashley, who had been appointed to the Senate following the departure of David Nohe in 2015, chose to run in a primary against his fellow senator Donna Boley, leaving his own seat open and triggering a special election.
The 1917 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 31st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 28 October 1917, Nils won the championship following a 0-02 to 0-00 defeat of Lees in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Significant upcoming events are his impeachment trial in the Senate, his third state of the union address, and the presidential primaries.
The 1924 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 36th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 5 October 1924, Nils won the championship following an 0-08 to 0-02 defeat of University College Cork in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
The 1925 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 37th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 18 October 1925, Nils won the championship following a 4-03 to 0-02 defeat of Macroom in the final at the Mardyke.
Madeline Stewart (born 2 August 2000) is a New Zealand racing driver in the Australian Super3 Series competing in a Holden VE II Commodore for Brad Jones Racing.
The Stewart Sisters Racing duo competed in on both sides of the Tasman in predominantly in Rotax based series before Madeline moved to KZ2 and Ashleigh to IAME X30.
She raced in the Cadet Class for two years with her most notable achievement being a win in her local club's annual enduro race in 2011.
She endured a tough start to the race falling a long way back before a late-race charge on a drying track saw her take the lead with one lap to go, winning by 10 seconds.
In 2012 Madeline moved up to the Junior Restricted class, which she did not enjoy and moved quickly up to Junior where she saw significant success including 2nd at the South Island Sprint Championships in 2015 and Pole position at the 2016 Kartsport New Zealand National Sprint Championship.
In 2013, Madeline and her sister Ashleigh ventured across the Tasman for the first time to race in the Junior Rotax Trophy class at the Australian Rotax Pro-Tour.
The challenge of racing in bigger and often more competitive fields than in New Zealand assisted greatly in the development of Madeline as a driver.
In round two of the series, Madeline went one better becoming the first female in the 17-year history of the Pro-Tour to win a round taking the 2017 South Australian State Title at the same time.
Towards the end of 2016, Madeline had her first taste of the ultimate in go-karting, the KZ2 kart competing in the final round of the 2016 Australian Kart Championship (AKC) before taking on the 2016 CIF FIA Asia Pacific Championship at Macau.
She completed a full season of the Australian Kart Championship in 2017 with her best round finish of 10th in Emerald.
In 2018 she added the New Zealand Pro-kart series to her KZ2 programme with a second-place at the 2018 Kart Sport New Zealand Nationals.
Madeline began her car racing career in 2019 stepping straight from go-karts to the third tier Supercar series Super3 Series with Brad Jones Racing To accelerate her learning she also race in the Western Australian Formula 1000 State Championship.
Dimitiris Vlantas (; 1908 – 1985) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) in Crete from 1944 to 1946, and General in charge of the Democratic Army of Greece during the Grammos and Vitsi battles at the end of the Greek Civil War.
From a young age, he joined the Communist Youth of Greece (OKNE).In 1924 he entered the central committee of the OKNE and in 1932 enters its politburo.
During the last phase of the civil war, Zachariadis and Vlantas regrouedp the remaining forces in the strongholds of Grammos and Vitsi, commanded by Dimitris Vlantas .
He lived there with his wife Eleni, his daughter Eugenia and his son Georges Vlandas, who is President of the European Commission Trade Union 'Union for Unity' (U4U) and lives in Brussels.
While Mexico doesn't have a long history of producing whisky, there has been a recent push to establish Mexico as a preeminent whisky country with a small group fostering the industry in the country.
This is mainly due to the popularity of other distilled drinks such as tequila and mezcal in the country with the majority of whisky consumed in Mexico being imports from other countries.
Today, most of the Mexican whisky produced originates from Oaxaca in Sierra Norte where heirloom corn is used due to its distinct taste from regular GMO corn.
Despite the fact that the Mexican industry is relatively young, Mexican whisky has seen a rapid growth in popularity thanks in part to millennials who actively seek out new and different products and have helped to push the awareness of the country's whisky.
The popularity of heirloon corn in the production has also helped it to become more in demand despite the rise of cheaper, mass-produced corn.
He is director-general at the General Intelligence and Security Service of the Netherlands since November 2018, and has been announced as the new secretary-general at the Ministry of Justice and Security per 1 March 2020.
He studied urban and regional planning at the Radboud University Nijmegen from 1975 to 1982 and worked at the Association of Netherlands Municipalities.
In 1988 he became civil servant at the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sciences and in 1996 he was appointed as deputy secretary-general at the Ministry of Justice.
As director-general for the police, he in charge during the restructuring of the police from a number of regional organizations into a single national police.
As head of the counterterrorism unit, he was criticized for trying to influence the investigations around the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.
In December 2019, Schoof was announced as the new secretary-general at the Ministry of Justice and Security, the highest non-political position in the Ministry.
The 1893 Cork Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 16 July 1893, Dromtarriffe won the championship following a 0-05 to 0-03 defeat of Castlemartyr in the final at Cork Park.
The borders of Greece from the Protocol of London from March 22, 1829 until the accession of the Dodecanese were changed nine times and its territorial extensions were seven.
The Poros Conference in 1828, immediately after the Battle of Navarino, had the primary task of delineating the future borders of the Greek state.
The British strongly opposed the border in western Greece due to their interest in keeping the mainland opposite the British protectorate of the Ionian Islands away from Greek hands, lest it encourage irredentionist aspirations in the islands.
The Treaty of Constantinople (1832), confirmed at the London Conference of 1832 establishing the new land border of the Kingdom of Greece finally on the Arta–Volos line.
Her early career was exclusively in American film; after she moved to England in 1935, she performed in productions made only in the U.K., and British productions made in Europe.
Cordero earned her Bachelor of Arts from DePaul University in 1985, and her Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1988.
On May 20, 2004, President George W. Bush nominated Cordero to be an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President George W. Bush renominated her on February 14, 2005, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Shellie Fountain Bowers.
The 1897 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 11th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Dohenys won the championship following a 0-05 to 0-04 defeat of Kanturk in a replay of the final at Cork Park.
Niina Maria Onerva Malm (born 3 May 1982 in Imatra) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
Hanna Paula Helena Werning is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
The 6th General Logistic Support Regiment () is a military logistics regiment of the Italian Army based in Budrio in the Emilia Romagna.
The regiment is operationally assigned to the Logistic Support Command and manages the transport of equipment, personnel, and materiel from the logistic transit areas to military units in operations.
The 6th regiment, together with the Transit Areas Management Regiment, and the Logistic Support Command's four medical battalions provides third line logistic support for the army's deployable divisions and Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy.
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.
Leila Anneli Kiljunen (born 17 September 1957 in Lappeenranta) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
Suna Ellen Kymäläinen is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
The Holocaust in the Sudetenland resulted in the flight, dispossession, deportation and ultimately death of many of the 24,505 Jews living in the Reichsgau Sudetenland, a Nazi German administrative region established from former Czechoslovak territory annexed after the October 1938 Munich Agreement.
Due to harassment and violence, including during (9–10 November 1938), ninety percent of the Jews had already left the Sudetenland by mid-1939.
During the later years of the war, tens of thousands of Jews and non-Jews were forced laborers in a network of concentration camps in the Sudetenland.
After the war, Jewish communities in the former Sudetenland suffered losses due to the discrimination against German-speaking Jews under the postwar Czechoslovak government, but were partially replenished by arrivals from Carpathian Ruthenia.
In 1930, the Jewish population of the area to be annexed by Germany in 1938 was 29,045, with 24,505 in what would be the Reichsgau Sudetenland Nazi administrative region.
The largest Jewish communities were Teplitz-Schönau (Teplice, 3,213 Jews, 10% of the population), Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary, 2,115, 9%), and Reichenberg (Liberec, 1,392, 3.6%).
Funded by the Nazi Party, it won two-thirds of the German vote in the 1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election and about ninety percent in the 1938 Czechoslovak local elections.
Many Jews fled the violence: Warnsdorf (Varnsdorf) and Komotau (Chomutov), which had hundreds of Jewish residents in the 1930 census, declared themselves before the end of September.
Due to the violence against Austrian Jews after the in March 1938, the Jews of the Sudetenland were aware of the dangers of Nazi rule.
In the wake of the German invasion force, units followed, to become the main instrument of Nazi repression as they had done after the , according to lists of anti-Nazis already developed by the SD ().
The Gestapo office in Eger reported 971 arrests by 14 October, and the Karlsbad office reported 1,157 arrests by 7 November.
Many of the people arrested (10,000 by early 1939) were held in detention centers in the Sudetenland, while thousands were deported to concentration camps in Germany.
Many Jews who had not already fled, often those elderly or with significant property that they did not wish to abandon, were visited by the Gestapo shortly after the German invasion and forced to sign papers promising to leave within six days.
German authorities sought to use the refugees, who mostly fled to the rump Czechoslovak state, to destabilize that state and increase antisemitism among Czechs.
Some refugees were sent back by the Czechoslovak authorities and had to wait in the no-man's land for their cases to be resolved, despite the fact that the Munich Agreement entitled them to retain their Czechoslovak citizenship.
Most synagogues—including those in Teplitz-Schönau, Reichenberg, Troppau (Oprava), Jägerndorf (Krnov), Falkenau (Sokolov) and Brüx (Most)—were destroyed; others, such as those in Aussig and Tetschen (Děčín), were damaged with smashed windows.
Those who did not manage to emigrate were deported from the Protectorate, especially in the first transports to the Łódź Ghetto.
A month later, Adolf Hitler signed an edict establishing the Reichsgau Sudetenland, which included the northern part of the lands annexed by Germany in 1938.
Other areas were annexed to existing Nazi German administrative regions, including Lower Bavaria, Oppeln (in Upper Silesia), and former Austrian areas.
On 14 October 1938, Hermann Göring issued an edict for the Aryanization of Jewish property, which affected the entire Reich, including the newly annexed Sudetenland.
Following , they were required to pay a 20% tax on all assets, and in December, the Nuremberg Laws were extended to the Sudetenland.
In 1930, Jews had owned some four to five thousand businesses in the Sudetenland, providing employment for many residents in the region.
Nevertheless, the transition caused considerable chaos; in Teplitz-Schönau, where Jews had owned 89 of the 213 businesses, 200 stores were empty and work in most of the expropriated businesses must have ceased.
Aryanization was characterized by conflicts between local Sudeten Germans and the : the former wanted to preserve jobs at Jewish-owned factories, while the latter sought to use Aryanization in order to leverage the Sudeten economy for war production.
As a result, local Germans were mostly allowed to Aryanize factories in the textile and food sectors, which were mostly outdated, while Germans from elsewhere were invited to take over factories in industries important to the war effort.
This result fueled resentment to the Sudeten Germans, who had hoped to reap the profits of the expropriations, which they considered just recompense for perceived suffering under the Czechoslovak government.
The total annexation of the Sudetenland to the Reich and the flight of the Jewish population enabled the process to proceed faster than elsewhere, and it was mostly complete by the end of 1939.
The total amount of money obtained by Aryanization was estimated at 1 billion Reichsmarks, worth around USD$250 million at the time or $4.5 billion in 2019 dollars.
By 1939, Jews over the age of 14 were required to work at forced labor projects, even though their numbers were not enough to stem the local labor shortage.
Due to low numbers, not a single forced-labor camp for local Jews was set up in the Sudetenland, despite the extensive systems that existed elsewhere.
At the beginning of 1943, nineteen of 177 Schmelt camps were located in the Sudetenland; detainees were housed under conditions similar to those in the concentration camps.
In Postelberg, near Saatz, a forced-labor camp existed from 1943 to 1945, and in December 1944, two forced-labor camps were set up near Komotau.
Both camps housed Jewish men from Prague protected from deportation by mixed marriages, the non-Jewish husbands of Jewish women from the Protectorate, and from the Protectorate.
In 1942, the first subcamps of Flossenbürg, Ravensbrück and Gross-Rosen were established in the Sudetenland, many of them derived from the system of Organization Schmelt.
The system was greatly expanded during late 1944 because Sudetenland was one of the last areas to be relatively safe from Allied bombing and therefore favored for the relocation of war industry.
In particular, it was home to many of the subcamps of Flossenbürg, which itself was just over the pre-war border in the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria.
One of the largest subcamps in the Sudetenland was Leitmeritz, a subcamp of Flossenbürg organized by the (fighter staff) for aircraft and other armaments production.
Thousands of Jews arrived at these camps in the last year of the war, both Hungarian Jews deported during the summer of 1944 and other Jews from the evacuation transports from Auschwitz, Gross-Rosen, and other concentration camps in 1945.
Extensive death marches took place in northern Bohemia in the last weeks of the war, delivering 12,829 prisoners to Theresienstadt from mid-April.
About 100 Jews from Aussig were forced to settle in Schönwald Castle, and dozens of Jews from Leitmeritz (Litoměřice) were moved to Dlaschkowitz Castle.
The second wave of transports deported another 460 people to Theresienstadt Ghetto in the Protectorate, from 13 November 1942 through the end of 1944.
By 1 January 1945, 382 Jews remained in Reichsgau Sudetenland: 53 in non-privileged mixed marriages, 275 in privileged mixed marriages, 52 , and two Jews with foreign citizenship.
Beginning in January 1945, the Reich Main Security Office planned the deportation of these Jews; 157 were deported to Theresienstadt between 6 February and 7 March.
Those who had declared German nationality on the 1930 census were stripped of their citizenship and had to reapply for it; in the meantime, they were completely ineligible for restitution or any social benefits, leaving many mired in poverty.
About ninety percent of the three million Germans from the Czech lands were deported during the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia.
The deportation of Jews was abruptly halted in September 1946 due to unfavorable media coverage and objections from the military governor of the American occupation zone of Germany.
Jewish communities in the former Sudetenland were repopulated by some of the 8,000 Jews from Carpathian Ruthenia part of Czechoslovakia before 1939, it was annexed to Soviet Ukraine in 1945.
Religiously, they tended to be Orthodox Jews in contrast with the German Jews who favored Reform Judaism, and tended to hold separate services.
Ocharán studied art at the Escuela de Iniciación Artistica of the National Institute of Fine Arts under the tutoring of Salvador Bribiesca, Jesús Alvarez Amaya and José Marin Bosqued in Mexico City, and the Escuela de Artes Plásticas de Veracruz.
Ocharán's work was shown in over fifty solo exhibitions, and dozens of group shows internationally, including Mexico, Chilé, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Uruguay, Russia, the United States, Poland, Germany among others.
Ocharán co-founded several museums, including the Museum of Modern Art at Patzcuaro and the Museum of Modern Art of Morelia, both in the state of Michoacan, Mexico.
Her work is held in numerous collections including the Museo de la Solidaaridad Salvador Allende, the Fondo Tabasco Collection, among others.
CR7 Motorsports (also sometimes known as Grant County Mulch Racing) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series, fielding the No.
Rohrbaugh's family team made their first NASCAR starts in 2014 in what was then the K&N Pro Series East while also competing full-time in the X-1R Pro Cup Series that year.
The other race they entered that year was the East Series’ first and to-date only race at Motordrome Speedway, where Rohrbaugh and his team earned their first top-10 with a 9th place finish.
They attempted mostly the same schedule, but with Motordrome and Richmond off the schedule for 2016, they attempted the new race at Mobile instead.
Rohrbaugh crashed out in two of his five starts and finished in the top-20 (two 19ths and a 13th) in his remaining races.
In addition to their K&N East races in 2016, Rohrbaugh's team made their ARCA debut that year, running the last two races of the year at Kentucky and Kansas.
Exactly the same as how he did in his first East Series start, Rohrbaugh finished 13th in his ARCA Series debut.
The team started out the 2018 season now driving a Chevrolet SS but crashed at Daytona and rebuilt the same car in time to attempt Talladega.
However, Rohrbaugh eventually decided to focus on the Truck Series team, and they cut back their ARCA schedule for the rest of the 2019 season.
For 2020, the team returned to ARCA, entering a car in the series' testing at January in January with newcomer Jason Kitzmiller driving the No.
Returning for the race at Texas in November, now driving a Ford truck, Rohrbaugh was able to make the race again, and he impressively picked up another top-20, finishing 17th.
The team did announce they would be attempting Homestead-Miami Speedway, but they changed their mind in order to focus on preparing for the ARCA season-opener at Daytona in 2019.
He crashed in each of the first three races he did qualify for, which were at both Texas races (in March and June) and Charlotte.
Despite not qualifying for some of his races and not finishing in others, he scored a top-10 finish in the second Martinsville race in October.
air-cooled, inverted inline engine, though its unobtainability led to the SAM-10bis, fitted instead with a Voronezh MV-6, a similar six cylinder engine.
The engine cowling was light alloy, as were the cabin roof frames, but the rest of the fuselage had a wooden structure, the forward part covered with ply and the rest with fabric.
The undercarriage was fixed and conventional with mainwhels on oleo struts, enclosed in aerofoil section trouser fairings, and a skid under the tail.
The date of the SAM-10s first flight is not known but it underwent two months of official tests from early June 1938.
In response two SAM-10bis, powered by the more available but less powerful MV-6 and with unaltered dimensions but one less seat, were built.
The reduced power reduced performance, for example the time taken to reach rose from 2.7 to 3.2 minutes; no further orders were forthcoming.
Seppo Antero Eskelinen (born 4 July 1960 in Kontiolahti) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
Merja Elina Mäkisalo-Ropponen (born 20 April 1958 in Tohmajärvi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Savonia-Karelia constituency.
Heidi Viljanen (born 18 August 1980 in Kankaanpää) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Satakunta constituency.
The 1929 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 41st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Kathryn Linn Cottingham is a Professor of Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society in the John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding at Dartmouth College.
Cottingham played Lacrosse in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III Tournament during her first season and was on the team that won the 1988 Middle Atlantic Conference championship.
She moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison for her graduate studies, where she earned her master's and doctoral degrees under the supervision of Steve Carpenter.
Her PhD research in the Center for Limnology evaluated the effects of nutrients and the food web structure on freshwater plankton.
She was one of the first cohort of postdoctoral researchers at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, where she developed early warning indicators and ways to study community dynamics.
She has started work with computer scientists to use big data and artificial intelligence to understand cyanobacteria across the East Coast.
Her 2012 research on pregnant women's rice consumption and arsenic exposure was selected by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) as one of the most important papers of the year.
Cottingham is involved with several public engagement projects, including acting as Vice Chair of the Science Advisory Boards of the Lake Sunapee Protective Association and Jefferson Project at Lake George.
Ilmari Taisto Nurminen (born 24 February 1991 in Vammala) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Pirkanmaa constituency.
The rendering of fur is technically complex, because of the geometric complexity of modelling the hair strands, the complex interplay of light within the fur volume and the effects of subsurface scattering within the skin.
Raimo Olavi Piirainen (born 22 December 1952 in Kajaani) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Oulu constituency.
Johanna Katriina Ojala-Niemelä (born 1 October 1974 in Muonio) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Lapland constituency.
Eveliina Rosa Heinäluoma (born 27 February 1988 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Helsinki constituency.
Westward Bound is a 1944 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Elizabeth Beecher and Frances Kavanaugh.
Aki Lindén is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Finland Proper constituency.
Eeva-Johanna Eloranta (born 4 March 1966 in Turku) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Finland Proper constituency.
Kitab al-Tawhid (), is the main Sunni theological book, and the primary source of the Maturidi school of thought; written by the Hanafi scholar Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333/944).
Kitab al-Tawhid is monumental work which very nicely expounded the tenets and beliefs of the Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a and refuted the stands of the opponents, such as Karramites, Mu'tazilites, Qadariyya, Majus, Sophists, Dualisms, and Christians.
Al-Maturidi presents the epistemological foundations of his teaching and provides detailed arguments in defence of Monotheism, including his cosmological doctrines - such as proofs for the creation and ontology of the Universe.
The editors of the book, Bekir Topaloğlu and Muhammed Aruçi, are invited by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance to Iran on this occasion.
Joseph Schacht, in his article that announces the discovery of Kitab al-Tawhid, described the Cambridge manuscript as an authentic book by al-Maturidi.
Meanwhile, the one surviving manuscript of Kitab al-Tawhid was published by Fathallah Khalif in 1970, and research by students of Islamic theology began based on it.
Katja Alli Maarit Taimela (born 23 November 1974 in Vampula) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Finland Proper constituency.
The 1949 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 61st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 6 November 1949, Collins won the championship following a 5-11 to 0-01 defeat of Macroom in a replay of the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Born into a family of Parisian shopkeepers, he entered the École des Beaux-Arts in 1849 at the age of seventeen, where he studied under (1810–79).
Worms is best known for genre scenes depicting Spanish life, often comical and painted in a highly realistic manner with many details and bright colors.
In the early 1860s, Worms made his first trip to Spain, where he was immediately enchanted with Spanish culture and customs.
Worms returned for six extended trips between 1860–61 and 1882, traveling widely and gathering sketches and costumes for studio paintings back in Paris.
He continued to paint at least up until World War I, and his paintings continued to sell consistently in both France and the United States.
In the United States, his work is held in the permanent collections of the Haggin Museum and the Clark Art Institute; in France, of the Musée d'Orsay, the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, the Musée Magnin in Dijon, the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy, and the ; in Spain, of the in Seville; in Austria, of the Dorotheum in Vienna.
The 1950 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 62nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 8 October 1950, Garda won the championship following a 3-07 to 2-05 defeat of St. Nicholas' in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
S. Laurel Weldon is a Canadian and American political scientist, currently a Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Simon Fraser University.
She is a democratic and feminist theorist, known for studies of the cross-national evolution of women's rights, policies on the prevention of violence against women, and the inclusion of women in political decision-making.
Weldon's mother, Sirje Weldon, was the Atlantic regional director for the Canadian Bankers Association, and her father, K. Laurence Weldon, was a professor of mathematics and statistics at Simon Fraser University.
Weldon attended Simon Fraser University, graduating in 1991 with a BA in political science and sociology and a minor in philosophy.
She then completed an MA in political science at the University of British Columbia in 1992, and a PhD in political science at the University of Pittsburgh in 1999, where she was advised by Iris Marion Young.
This work provided evidence that social movements can be an effective means for systematically disadvantaged groups to promote their collective aims, and that in some cases strong social movements can provide more effective safeguards against negative political outcomes than the official inclusion of group members in formal institutions like legislatures.
The book won the American Political Science Association's 2012 Victoria Schuck Award for the best book published on women and politics.
Weldon's work has been noted for contributing to diverse subfields, particularly for developing political theory while also contributing new ideas in how to study political phenomena with rigorous empirical methods.
In 2018, Weldon moved to Simon Fraser University from Purdue University, where she had been a Distinguished Professor and the Director of the Purdue Policy Research Institution.
The Carabinieri Foreign Ministry Command (, officially shortened in CDO CC MAE) is the Carabinieri unit in charge for providing security and services to the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Before the establishment of the dedicated Carabinieri organisation of the Foreign Affairs Ministry, two Carabinieri units with duties related to the foreign affairs functioned: the Carabinieri MAE detachment, which performed duties of surveillance, security, cypher, and courier service, and the Carabinieri Emigration Unit, assigned to the emigration affairs.
Until 1963, the units were at the disciplinary dependencies of the Carabinieri Legion of Rome, when they were transferred to the Special Units Department.
The Unit was placed under the functional dependencies of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and under the disciplinary dependencies of the Carabinieri Legion of Rome.
The Unit was organised on a Command Nucleus, a Surveillance Nucleus, a Security Nucleus and an Emigration Nucleus on which six Sub-nucleus depended.
The Security Nucleus passed under the command of the Commander of the Emigration Nucleus and the latter also assumed the role of Deputy Commander.
On 1 May 1982, the Unit, now commanded by a Colonel, was initially placed within the VI Brigade; subsequently, on 15 November 1987, it passed under the XII Brigade, assuming the current name of Carabinieri Command Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Command Office included an Operations and Logistics Section and a Secretariat and Personnel Section, while the Security and Surveillance Office was divided into a Headquarters team and a Foreign team.
In 1999, the Command was placed under the functional dependencies of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, through the Secretary-General of the Ministry.
In 2001, with the transformation of the Carabinieri into an autonomous Service, the XII Brigade was transformed into the Carabinieri Specialist Units Division.
On 1 January 2004, while remaining at the disciplinary dependence of the Specialist Units Division, the leadership of the Carabinieri Ministry of Foreign Affairs Command was assigned to a Division General.
The activity of the Carabinieri Command of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs includes numerous aspects: the Command provides security and surveillance of the headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, security and surveillance of foreign offices and participates in the activities of the Ministry.
Over the years, surveillance has also been extended to Villa Madama, the representative seat of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and to Palazzo Borromeo, which houses the Embassy of Italy to the Holy See.
The diplomatic activities are integrated by special Carabinieri personnel included in the various Directorates General, in the General Secretariat, in the Inspectorate General, in the Crisis Unit and in the Diplomatic Ceremonial of the Republic.
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Italian diplomatic offices abroad are manned by 377 Carabinieri, to which are to be added 93 units in service at the offices of the military attachés; finally, 152 Carabinieri are employed in the 14 high-risk offices, with the duties of protection and escort of the Ambassador and diplomatic officials.
It is believed that several scribes worked on the creation of the manuscript, however, a monk named Simon was identified as the leading scribe who proofread, edited and completed the work in a monastic cave near the residence of the župan at Stari Ras.
It was released on 25 October 2014 by Ailanthus Recordings for free via digital download , then by the duo's own label Dream Catalogue in 2015 for a cassette pressing, along with all subsequent physical releases.
The album has been described as essential in paving the way for the band's next album, Birth of a New Day.
Campsie Glen railway station served the village of Clachan of Campsie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland from 1867 to 1951 on the Blane Valley Railway; the village was in Stirlingshire during the period of operation of the station.
He is credited with recommending the location for a small chalet to the Canadian Pacific Railway that would grow to become the Chateau Lake Louise hotel, as well as making the first ascent of Mount Bonney.
The first ascent of the mountain was made August 25, 1910, by Alexander A. McCoubrey and Ernest Feuz who climbed the south ridge and descended the north ridge.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Green is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Riitta Leena Mäkinen is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Central Finland constituency.
Piritta Maria Katariina Rantanen (born 19 July 1979 in Jämsä) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Central Finland constituency.
The facility, which was founded by Lady Louisa Whitworth in memory of her husband Sir Joseph Whitworth, opened as the Whitworth Cottage Hospital in 1889.
The 1951 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 63rd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 21 October 1951, Collins won the championship following a 2-03 to 1-05 defeat of St. Nicholas' in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
The infernal machine () is a homemade 25-barrel volley gun built by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi and used in Fieschi's failed assassination attempt on King Louis Philippe I of France on July 28, 1835.
Each barrel was originally believed to have been loaded with eight bullets and twenty lead pellets, but a thorough inspection of the misfired barrels by Jean Le Page, Arquebusier Ordinaire to the King, showed that each barrel contained about of gunpowder, 6 to 8 balls, two layers of wadding, and 13 to 14 slugs.
The weapon, built of wood and metal, was constructed in a room overlooking the street on the third floor of N. 50 Boulevard du Temple, where it was later used for the failed assassination of Louis Philippe I.
In combination with a trail of gunpowder, the barrels could all be fired at once with a single fuse (in Fieschi's case, charcoal was used).
French artillery officers, who inspected the machine after the assassination attempt, speculated that if Fieschi had been an artillery man or otherwise known more about designing weaponry, he would have been successful in his assassination attempt of the king and his staff.
The gun was positioned on the windowsill in Fieschi's three-room lodging on the third floor of N. 50 Boulevard du Temple in Paris, overlooking the street on the route that the king and his convoy were expected to take as part of the yearly Paris National Guard inspection.
The gun fired a volley of approximately 400 projectiles, even though four barrels misfired, four barrels burst, and one of the 25 barrels was not loaded as it did not have a touch hole and could not be fired.
The king only suffered a graze to the forehead, a minor injury, but 18 people were either immediately killed or later succumbed to their wounds.
An additional 22 people were injured, and at least four of these had limbs amputated due to the severity of their injuries.
He fled from his lodgings and was later captured by authorities after they followed the trail of blood from his injuries.
A replica of the weapon is on display at the Musée de la préfecture de police, the museum of police history.
Brian Bruya (born 22 December 1966), is a professor of philosophy at Eastern Michigan University, and an author of books and articles in the fields of comparative philosophy, cognitive science, and educational psychology.
The league winners will earn a place in the UEFA Champions League and the second and third-placed clubs will earn a place in the new UEFA Europa Conference League.
The nine clubs from the previous season will remain in the league and Tukums will join having become champions of 1.Liga.
The club was composed of military personnel who were based at Collins Barracks and fielded teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.
The name of the dish stems from Skagen in Denmark, but the dish is not very well known there and is mainly popular in Sweden, where it was created by the Stockholm-based restaurateur and chef Tore Wretman.
Before being state treasurer, Eubanks was appointed by Governor Rick Snyder to serve on the Michigan Public Service Commission as a utility regulatory commissioner in 2016, and was reappointed in 2017.
The 1953 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 65th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 8 November 1953, Collins won the championship following a 1-08 to 1-04 defeat of University College Cork in a replay of the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
In 1834 I discovered in the list of Eratosthenes the key to the restoration of the first 12 Dynasties of Manetho, and was thereby enabled to fix the length of the Old Empire.
These two points being settled, the next step obviously was, to fill up the chasm between the Old and New Empires, which is commonly called the Hyksos Period...
Compared to the modern arrangement, Bunsen's Old Empire included what is today known as the Middle Kingdom, whereas Bunsen's Middle Empire is today known as the Second Intermediate Period.
The 1948 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 60th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 31 October 1948, Millstreet won the championship following a 1-02 to 0-03 defeat of St. Vincent's in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Foster Run drains of area, receives about 44.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 410.34, and has an average water temperature of 8.27°C.
Dignity is a Chilean-German thriller television series that first released on the German OTT streaming platform Joyn on December 19, 2019.
At the center of the story is the young state's attorney Leo Ramírez, who lives in Santiago and leads the investigation against Paul Schäfer at the request of judge Jiménez.
The leader of the settlement of the German sect Colonia Dignidad, founded in Parral, is accused of obstruction of justice, kidnapping and child abuse.
On the other hand, he himself was sexually abused there, and his brother was killed or declared dead in the settlement in summer 1976.
The investigation is also difficult because Schäfer is in hiding and the settlement doctor Bernard Hausmann and the assistant Schäfer's Ava cover him.
Hausmann was arrested a short time later for falsifying documents and covering up a crime, but was get out shortly thereafter.
The series takes place on two time domains: In the present, 1997, which deal with the investigation in Parral and Santiago, and in the past, 1976, which deal with the events at that time in the settlement.
The actors who play a leading role are listed below, sorted according to the names of the actors in the opening credits.
The 1940 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 52nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 15 September 1940, Beara won the championship following a 2-08 to 1-07 defeat of Millstreet in the final at Rossa Park in Skibbereen.
Harrison Matthew Symmes (November 11, 1921, Wilmington, North Carolina-May 8, 2010, Winchester, Virginia) was a career American diplomat who served as the American Ambassador to Jordan from 1967-1970.
Symmes finished his bachelor’s degree in Philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and earned a Master's degree in International Relations at George Washington University in 1947.
Symmes spent almost three decades as an thirty years as an Arabic Language and Area Specialist at the State Department, going on to serve as Director of Near Eastern Affairs from 1963 to 1966, then Director of Personnel before his appointment as Ambassador.
On April 17, 1970, King Hussein asked that Symmes be recalled because the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Joseph J. Sisco, was not intending to stop in Jordan while he was in the Middle East.
He served as the head football coach at Lane College in Jackson, Tennessee from 2005 to 2007 and at Texas Southern University from 2008 to 2010, compiling a career college football coaching record of 34–32.
Korsbrødregården is the ancient compound of the Knights Hospitaller in the Danish City of Nyborg, founded as a dependency of their castle and hospital in Antvorskov.
The 1949 West Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia State University as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1949 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Mark Cardwell, the team compiled an 8–0–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 197 to 79.
Albert Frank Nufer (1894-November 6, 1956, Manila, Philippines) was an American diplomat who served as Ambassador to Argentina and the Philippines.
Nufer died of what was described as a coronary thrombosis at his residence in Manila while serving as Ambassador to the Philippines.
Its data, published by the Australian Recording Industry Association, is based collectively on the weekly physical and digital sales of albums and EPs.
Its data, published by the Australian Recording Industry Association, is based collectively on the weekly physical and digital sales and streams of singles.
The UK Albums Chart is a weekly record chart based on album sales from Friday to Thursday in the United Kingdom.
The UK Singles Chart is a weekly record chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on behalf of the British record industry.
In 2017, the OCC introduced an exception for songs that had spent a certain time on the charts and whose consumption had declined, whereby these songs are calculated at a rate of 300 streams equivalent to a sale.
Managed by the domestic Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST), its data is compiled by the Korea Music Content Industry Association and published by the Gaon Music Chart.
The MCST established a process to collect music sales in 2009, and began publishing its data with the introduction of the Gaon Music Chart the following February.
With the creation of the Gaon Digital Chart, digital data for individual songs was provided in the country for the first time.
The data is compiled by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korea Music Content Industry Association based upon weekly/monthly physical album sales by six major South Korean distributors: Kakao M, SM Entertainment, Sony Music Korea, Warner Music Korea, Universal Music and Stone Music Entertainment.
Staubli made his professional debut for St. Gallen in a 4-1 Swiss Super League win over FC Thun on 8 December 2019.
New Guardians for the Golden Gate is a 2006 book by Amy Meyer which discusses the creation of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in the early 1970s.
The winners of the league this season will earn a spot in the first qualifying round of the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, and the second and third placed clubs will earn a place in the first qualifying round of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa Conference League.
It is one of eleven military bands of the army and as the official band of the Army Recruit Training Centre (ARTC).
In 1952 the Army Recruit Training Centre began to be been served by a full time military brass band with a composition of 12 members.
The band performs on national and historically significant holidays in the state of New South Wales, including Remembrance Day and ANZAC Day.
In 2009, the AAB-K was granted the privilege of the Freedom of the City to Wagga Wagga to commemorate its 56 years of service.
The band has also represented Australia overseas during world tours and military deployments, really beginning with a visit to Papua New Guinea in 1990 as well as East Timor in 2000 and 2001.
As per military festivals, the band had the privilege to perform at the Basel Tattoo in Switzerland on one occasion and the honor of performing in Tonga as part of a combined International band for the birthday celebrations of the king.
The show saw band members performing songs from around the world and vocalists singing songs in English as well as foreign languages.
Located on the foothills of Annamalai hills, Tiruvannamalai has been ruled by the Pallavas, the Medieval Cholas, the Later Cholas, Hoysalas, the Vijayanagar Empire, the Carnatic kingdom, Tipu Sultan, and the British.
There are 25 elementary schools, nine high schools, 18 higher secondary schools, four arts & science colleges, one government medical college and four engineering colleges in the town.
In Hinduism, Parvati, wife of Shiva, once closed the eyes of her husband playfully in a flower garden at their abode atop Mount Kailash.
Although only a moment for the gods, all light was taken from the universe, and the earth, in turn, was submerged in darkness for years.
Parvati performed penance with other devotees of Shiva, and her husband appeared as a column of fire at the top of Annamalai hills, returning light to the world.
Another legend is that once, while Vishnu and Brahma contested for superiority, Shiva appeared as a flame, and challenged them to find his source.
Brahma took the form of a swan, and flew to the sky to see the top of the flame, while Vishnu became the boar Varaha, and sought its base.
Neither Brahma nor Vishnu could find the source, and while Vishnu conceded his defeat, Brahma lied and said he had found the pinnacle.
Since Shiva manifested himself in the form of fire in this place, this name Arunachalam came to be associated with Annamalai hill and the town.
The recorded history of the town dates back to the ninth century, as seen from a Chola inscriptions in the temple.
The inscriptions from the Chola king record various gifts like land, sheep, cow and oil to the temple commemorating various victories of the dynasty.
There are 48 inscriptions from the Sangama Dynasty (1336–1485), two inscriptions from Saluva Dynasty, and 55 inscriptions from Tuluva Dynasty (1491–1570) of the Vijayanagara Empire, reflecting gifts to the temple from their rulers.
The inscriptions in the temple from the Vijayanagara kings indicate emphasis on administrative matters and local concerns, which contrasts the inscriptions of the same rulers in other temples like Tirupathi.
The majority of the gift related inscriptions are for land endowments, followed by goods, cash endowments, cows and oil for lighting lamps.
The town of Tiruvannamalai was at a strategic crossroads during the Vijayanagara Empire, connecting sacred centers of pilgrimage and military routes.
There are inscriptions that show the area as an urban center before the precolonial period, with the town developing around the temple, similar to the Nayak ruled cities like Madurai.
As the Mughal empire came to an end, the Nawab lost control of the town, with confusion and chaos ensuing after 1753.
Subsequently, there were periods of both Hindu and Muslim stewardship of the temple, with Muraru Raya, Krishna Raya, Mrithis Ali Khan, and Burkat Ullakhan besieging the temple in succession.
According to the provisional population totals of the 2011 census, Tiruvannamalai UA had a population of 144,683, with 72,351 males and 72,332 females.
According to 2011 census, Tiruvannamalai had a population of 145,278 with a sex-ratio of 1,006 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
There were a total of 50,722 workers, comprising 583 cultivators, 580 main agricultural labourers, 994 in house hold industries, 44,535 other workers, 4,030 marginal workers, 84 marginal cultivators, 105 marginal agricultural labourers, 421 marginal workers in household industries and 3,420 other marginal workers.
As per the religious census of 2011, Tiruvannamalai had 82.57% Hindus, 14.07% Muslims, 2.79% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.4% Jains, 0.13% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
The maximum decadal growth of population in Tiruvannamalai was observed during 1971–81 and had reduced growth rate from 1981 due to the increased amount of industrial activity that took place outside the town.
A total (32.75%) of the land is used for residential, (3.58%) for commercial, (1.63%) for industrial, (2.88%) for public & semi public, (2.22%) for educational and (56.94%) for non-urban purposes.
In 1991, 7.93% of the population was involved in primary sector, 21.34% in secondary sector and 70.73% in tertiary sector activities.
Due to the urbanisation from 1971, there has been dip in primary sector activities and a proportional increase in the tertiary sector activities.
The tertiary sector activities of trade, commerce, transport, storage, communication and other services has been increasing due to the increasing number of tourists to the town.
The major commercial activities are concentrated around Car Street, Thiruvoodal Street, Kadambarayan Street, Asaliamman Koil Street, Sivanpada Street and Polur Road.
All major nationalised banks such as State Bank of India, Vijaya Bank, Indian Bank, Central Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of India and private banks like ICICI Bank, Karur Vysya Bank have their branches in Tiruvannamalai.
The tallest is the eastern tower, with 11 stories and a height of , making it one of the tallest temple towers in India.
In Annamalaiyar temple, Shiva is said to have manifested himself as a massive column of fire, whose crown and feet could not be found by the Hindu gods, Brahma and Vishnu.
A huge lamp is lit in a cauldron, containing three tons of ghee, at the top of the Annamalai hills during the Deepam.
Inscriptions indicate that the festival was celebrated as early as the Chola period (850–1280) and was expanded to ten days in the twentieth century.
According to Hindu legend, the walk removes sins, fulfils desires and helps achieve freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth.
Tirumalai is an ancient Jain temple complex in the outskirts of Tirvannamalai that houses three Jain caves, four Jain temples and a high sculpture of Neminatha dated from the 12th century and the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu.
Tiruvannamalai is served by the town bus service operated by the TNSTC, which provides connectivity within the town and the suburbs.
The major inter city bus routes from the town are to cities and towns like Chennai, Bengaluru, Vettavalam, Villupuram, Puducherry, Tindivanam, Tirukoilur, Avalurpet, Kanchipuram, Chengam, Sathanur, Sankarapuram and Manalurpet.
Tiruvannamalai railway station is located in the rail head from Katpadi to Villupuram and falls under the Tiruchchirapalli division of the Southern Railway.
It was promoted to a second-grade municipal municipality in 1959, first grade in 1974, selection grade in 1998 and special grade in 2008.
The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT).
Tiruvannamalai comes under the Tiruvannamalai assembly constituency and it elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years.
From the 1977 elections, the assembly seat was won by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) seven times during the 1977, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 elections, the Indian National Congress party three times during the 1980, 1984 and 1991 elections.
The Dravida Muneetra Kazhagam (DMK) won the seat nine times during the 1962, 1967, 1971, 1977, 1980, 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2004 elections and the Indian National Congress won it three times during the 1984, 1989 and 1991 elections and AIADMK once during the 2014 elections.
From the 2009 elections, Tiruvannamalai is a part of the Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency) – it has the following six assembly constituencies – Jolarpet, Tirupattur, Chengam (SC), Tiruvannamalai, Kilpennathur and Kalasapakkam.
Law and order in the town is maintained by the Tiruvannamalai sub division of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent (DSP).
There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP).
Water supply is provided by the municipality of Tiruvannamalai from the Thenpennai river and Samuthiram through feeders located in various parts of the town.
In the period 2000–2001, a total of 12.5 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the town.
About 52 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Tiruvannamalai every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the municipality.
The Town has underground drainage system which came to existence fully in the year 2013–2014 and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.
There is three government hospitals, one southern railway hospital, two municipal maternity hospital, two Siddha hospitals, five health centres and 126 private hospitals and clinics that take care of the health care needs of the citizens.
There are a total of 13,570 street lamps in Tiruvannamalai: 2,496 sodium lamps, 1061 mercury vapour lamps, 10,010 tube lights and 112 high mast beam lamp.
The municipality operates seven markets, namely the Jothi flower market, vegetable market and uzhavar santhai, poomalai market, Angalamman koil market, Perumbakkam road market that cater to the needs of the town and the rural areas around it.
Abolfazfl Ghorbani (; born 12 February 1987) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Defender for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He played all three sports at West Virginia Collegiate Institute (now known as West Virginia State University) from 1921 to 1925.
He led West Virginia State to Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association championships in football in 1948 and 1951 and in basketball in 1948, 1949, and 1951.
In the 1880s, the Port Jackson Steamship Company Limited had been expanding its paddle steamer fleet and services to Manly from Sydney (Circular Quay).
In response, local interests set up the Manly Co-operative Steam Ferry Limited in 1893 that ran a service with chartered single-ended screw steamers.
Her 100 hp engine, built by Fawcett, Preston and Company (of England), was the first triple expansion steam engines in a Manly ferry.
As a result of this penalty, the ferry was equipped with iron gates – something that would be standard on later ferries – and turnstiles were erected at both wharves.
Crossing Sydney Heads in a gale with fifty passengers, heavy waves broke over her near South Head and the engines stopped and could not be restarted.
In 1922, she set a record time of 22 minutes for the trip to Manly, a time which has not been beaten by any conventional ferry since (hydrofoils did the run in 15 minutes).
In early 1924, she was advertised for sale, eventually selling for six hundred pounds to W M Ford of Berrys Bay.
Ilan Benjamin Sauter (born 6 February 2001) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a leftback for Swiss Super League club FC Zürich.
Sauter made his professional debut for Zürich in a 4-0 Swiss Super League loss to BSC Young Boys on 24 August 2019.
District 4 is based in Jackson County, Mason County, and parts of Putnam and Roane Counties to the north of Charleston.
The district overlaps with West Virginia's 2nd congressional district and West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, and with the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 22nd, 38th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The two schools are separated by less than in Cincinnati, making the archrivalry one of the closest major rivalries in the country.
The first men's college basketball game was played in 1927, which has become the most famous sport in the rivalry, known as the Crosstown Shootout.
Combined with a metro population of around 2.1 million and the schools being a mere 3 miles apart, the rivalry runs deep for many in the Greater Cincinnati region.
The original contest in the Crosstown Shootout was a much awaited match up between the schools, as Cincinnati helped Xavier dedicated the newly opened Schmidt Fieldhouse in 1928.
Over time, the series began to develop an imbalance as Cincinnati became a national powerhouse in basketball and enrollments began to quickly grow compared to Xavier in the 1950's and 60's.
Although Cincinnati fans will point to the all-time series dominance, Xavier fans will be quick to retort that the Musketeers have won 12 of the last 18 contests.
The game would be played each year at Cincinnati's Nippert Stadium as the venue had a larger capacity to accommodate the cross city showdown compared to Xavier's Corcoran Stadium.
Xavier's student council would later offer $500 to Cincinnati to cover costs and suggested a trophy to award for the series.
In the 1960's and 1970's Xavier's team experienced a downturn with the Xavier board of trustees finally voting to eliminate the football program, which had caused financial strain on the university after the 1973 season.
However, similarly to the men's contest the rivalry has tilted more towards Xavier recently with the Musketeers winning 7 of the last 11 games.
Googins who was the previous manager of Xavier from 2006–2017, and his arrival to Clifton brought additional attention to the contest.
On May 18, 2019 the teams played their final season game at Great American Ballpark immediately following the Cincinnati Reds game that same day.
He represented Germany at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's shot put F41 event.
At the 2015 World Championships he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F41 event and he also won the silver medal in the men's shot put F40/F41 event at the 2016 European Championships.
At the 2017 World Championships he won the gold medal in the men's shot put F41 event and he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F41 event at the 2018 European Championships.
In 2016 and 2017 he won the German Sportspersonality of the Year award in his category (male athletes with a disability).
Founded in 1916, it consists of 89 affiliated clubs on the Island of Ireland and acts as the official authority for the Irish variety of the sport.
It solely controlled and administrated Greyhound racing in Ireland until the creation of the Irish Greyhound Board in 1958, however it still continues to do so in Northern Ireland.
The association holds two national meets, the National Meeting at the Clonmel Greyhound Stadium in County Tipperary in February, being the most important event in the coursing calendar, attracting 10,000 spectators, and claimed by its organisers to be worth up to €16 million for the local economy, and the Irish Cup at the County Limerick Coursing Club a few weeks afterwards.
In July 2019, Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD2), a highly contagious disease nicknamed 'rabbit foot and mouth' which is fatal to Leporidae (rabbits and hares), was discovered in wild hares in County Clare, County Wexford and County Wicklow.
As a result, the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht suspended capture and tagging licences issued to the ICC and affiliated clubs.
In August 2019, restrictions were lifted in areas outside of 25km radius prohibited zones surrounding discovery locations which was welcomed by the Club.
A study in 2010 by Dr Neil Reid at Queen’s University Belfast found that the density of hares in ICC preserves was eighteen times higher than in the wild in Ireland.
Chen Geng (; 27 February 1903 - 16 March 1961) was a Chinese military officer who served as a senior general in the People's Liberation Army.
Enlisting in the warlord's army at the age of 13, Chen Geng joined the Communist Party of China in 1922 and was accepted to Whampoa Military Academy in 1924.
Once the victory obtained, he went to Vietnam to help Hồ Chí Minh against the French during the First Indochina War and then participated in the Korean War with the People's Volunteer Army.
His grandfather Chen Yihuai () was an officer in the Xiang Army led by Zeng Guofan, a statesman, military general, and Confucian scholar of the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911).
After his retirement, Chen Yihuai bought agricultural land with the reward, and by the time Chen Geng was born, his family owned several hundred mu and became one of the wealthiest in the region.
At 13, his father arranged a marriage with a daughter two years older, but Cheng refused the marriage and left his family to join the warlord's army.
It is a disillusioned Chen who left the army at 18 and found a job at the Hunan Railway Bureau as a receptionist.
In October 1925, during the second campaign against the local warlord Chen Jiongming, Chiang suffered a stunning, Chiang was covered with shame but refused to flee, trying to kill himself.
He thus won Chiang's confidence more, however, when the Kuomintang broke ties with the Communists in 1927, Chen began to work as a mole for the Communists in Shanghai.
In March 1933, Chen was sent to Shanghai to treat his leg wounds, but Chen was captured in Shanghai by the Kuomintang.
From October 1934 to December1935, he fought against the Kuomintang army in Guizhou and then in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu in 1936.
When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, Chen was appointed commander-in-chief of the 386th Brigade, which he led in victories against the Imperial Japanese army, and his brigade was considered the best in China.
He led his troops in important battles of the Chinese Civil War such as the Shangdang Campaign, the Datong-Puzhou Campaign, Linfen–Fushan Campaign and Lüliang Campaign, the Campaign of the eastern foothills of Funiu Mountain, and the Huaihai Campaign.
At the request of Chen's longtime friend Hồ Chí Minh, he entered French Indochina to help Võ Nguyên Giáp launch a series of attacks on isolated French bases along the Chinese border in 1950.
Back from French Indochina, he left for the Korean War and served as commander and political commissioner of the 3rd Army Group of the People's Volunteer Army.
His brother-in-law, Tan Zheng, who was married to Chen's sister, Chen Qiuju, was strongly influenced by Chen to join the Communists and became a senior general at the same time.
Returning from the Korean War, Chen founded the PLA Military Engineering Institute in Harbin, engaging in the development of technological weapons.
Teraupo'o ( – 23 December 1918) was a Tahitian (Maohi) resistance leader of the islands of Raiatea and Tahaa who fought off French rule from 1887 to 1897 during the decade long Leeward Islands War.
The Society Islands were evangelized by British missionaries and converted to Protestant Christianity by the London Missionary Society (LMS) in the early 19th century.
Local chiefs and district governors (tāvana) gain greater power and autonomy at the expense of the nominal island monarchs especially in Raiatea-Tahaa.
A decade before Teraupo'o's birth, the neighboring Kingdom of Tahiti had been subjugated under a protectorate in the Franco-Tahitian War (1844–1847) but the kingdoms of the Leeward Islands including Raiatea-Tahaa were ensured independence by France and Great Britain under the Jarnac Convention or the Anglo-French Convention of 1847.
According to French historian Auguste Charles Eugène Caillot, Teraupo'o grew to resent the French after he was kicked by a French captain or pilot in Raiatea.
Tahitoe was deposed by his subjects for requesting the protectorate and his daughter and successor Queen Tehauroa unsuccessfully attempted to enlist the protection of the British to preserve the independence of Raiatea in accordance with the Convention of 1847.
On 16 March 1888, the French annexed Raiatea and Tahaa after formal negotiation between Great Britain and France abrogated the 1847 Convention.
Teraupo'o refused to comply with the order of King Tamatoa VI to surrender to the French and build up a resistance force in 1887.
Two French warships and government schooner was landed in Raiatea to override the ruling of the native courts to the advantage of a few European residents disgruntled with the recent economic depression of the copra and cotton trade.
The French established themselves at the former capital of Uturoa and appointed a résident, Marie Maximilien Gustave Alby, and had the support of Tahaa chief Tavana who became known as the viceroy of Raiatea-Tahaa.
The conflict leading to the annexation of the Leeward Islands became known as the Leewards War, the Raiatean rebellion or the Teraupo’o War.
Jose Jordan, son of American settler and blacksmith Joseph Jordan, was a partisan of Teraupo'o, and was exiled for his involvement.
From the few surviving letters of Teraupo'o, he was known to have been resolute in the belief that Great Britain would intervene on the behalf of their cause and rescue the natives from the French.
In 1895, Queen Tuarii traveled to the British protectorate Rarontonga to seek help from the British Resident Frederick Moss who refused to meet with her.
French Protestant missionary Pastor Gaston Brunel, who took charge of the Protestant schools on the island in 1894 and was largely sympathetic to the natives, visited the camp of the resistance leader often and gain valuable insight into the rebellion.
French artist Paul Gauguin, who witnessed the final phase of the rebellion, noted that diplomacy failed to persuade the natives of Raiatea to surrender.
Teraupo'o and the rebels of Tahaa and the district of Tevaitoa refused the call, prompting the French to land and engage the remaining armed natives.
They evaded the French expeditionary force by hiding in the cave in the Faneuhi mountain (located at ) and rolling a boulder in front of the entrance during the day.
The hiding place was discovered on the night of 15 February and 16 February 1897 when light from a fire within the cave gave the location away.
The captured resistance leaders were deported to Nouméa, New Caledonia and their followers were deported to the Ua Huka in the Marquesas Islands while others were conscripted as forced laborers to improve the roads of Raiatea.
The game has a pair of 7x12 grids, where the pieces (called Pochis or Nyaas) fall in pairs (similar to Puyo Puyo).
This work was announced under a commercial alliance between Compile and Taito, and was initially scheduled to run on the NAOMI arcade boards in mid-September 2002.
However, after that, the launch was repeatedly delayed due to Compile bankruptcy, finally being launched in late 2003 for the Neo Geo.
The characters that were announced at the time of the development of the NAOMI version that were not released in the arcade version, were added as additional characters for the PS2 version released by Bandai.
Martin McCurtis (born May 7, 1977), known professionally as Helluva, is an American musician, record producer, rapper, singer, and songwriter from Detroit, Michigan.
Helluva began his career as a rap artist and producer for the independent record labels Made West Entertainment and Watchout Entertainment.
It is native to the United States where it is restricted to the South Central region in the states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
His first works dealt with personal identity, violence and the limits of pain; his later works are of a more critical, political and social nature.
Azcona's works are exhibited the Contemporary Art Center in Málaga, the Bogotá Museum of Modern Art, the Houston Art League, the Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art in New York and the Círculo de Bellas Artes in Madrid.
His work has also been exhibited at the Asian Art Biennale in Dhaka and Taipei, the Lyon Biennale, the Miami International Performance Festival and the Bangladesh Live Art Biennale.
Azcona's first performances were created in the streets of Pamplona in 2005 when he was a student in the Pamplona School of Art.
His intent with his works is to question the viewer and force them to react, making his own body the representation of critical and political subjects.
The themes of most of his performances are mostly autobiographical and focused on issues such as abandonment, violence, abuse, child abuse, mental illness, deprivation of liberty, prostitution, life and death.
Similarly, during the installation where another artist stayed continually in a garbage container at the Lyon Biennale, people spoke in favor of ending the work.
During a Miami exhibition in 2015, twelve children walked into a performance inside the art gallery with firearms in their hands, with was a critique of the laws and the permissibility of weapons in the United States.
A few months later he performed a new work in Chicago, where he denounced the political and ideological nature of Donald Trump.
Its exhibition inside the Monument, built in order to exalt Franco, Mola and Sansurjo, was considered offensive by the far-right conservatives.
The Catholic Church sued Azcona before the Superior Court of Justice of Navarra for three crimes and alleged desecration and blasphemy.
In the same case the Delegation of the Government in Navarra, controlled by the Popular Party at the time, and the Association of Christian Lawyers, also made criminal complaints against Azcona.
Whilst awaiting the case being heard by the Supreme Court, the Association of Christian Lawyers, in this instance acting alone, started an action against Spain in the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg for not condemning Azcona, and according to them, to protect him.
Each time the work was shown, the complaint was re-formulated, so Azcona was cited in the Court of Justice of Palma de Mallorca and in the High Court of Justice of Catalonia in Barcelona.
When the High Court of Justice of Catalonia issued a judicial arrest warrant in 2019 after Azcona failed to appear before the court for the third time, Azcona went into exile and settled in Lisbon, Portugal.
In his exhibition Still Life, Azcona recreated, in the form of sculptures, performance and hyper-realistic installations, current and historical situations of violence in diverse themes such as historical memory, terrorism and conflict.
Two years later, in 2018, he was denounced by the Francisco Franco National Foundation for exposing in one of his works a detonation report, signed by an architect, of the Monument of the Valley of the Fallen.
Azcona was inspired by his biological mother, a prostitute, and sought to empathise with her and with the moment of his own conception.
Azcona offered himself naked to the galleries' visitors on a bed with white sheets, so that they could exchange intimacy or have sexual relations with him.
The former exhibiting in museums such as Palais de Tokyo and the Perrotin Gallery, and also displayed at the Piasa auction house in Paris.
In this, physical or even sexual contact with the artist was required to enter the venue of the event, which was held at Grace Exhibition Space and the Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art in New York City.
This work was chosen by critic Hrag Vartanian as one of the top ten of the year in New York City.
Thie performance emerged, as with the rest of his sex-themed works, as an exercise in empathy with his own biological mother.
It was also a social critique, where the artist explored the limits of his body by repeating patterns of sexual abuse, which occurred in his own childhood and in the life of his mother.
On this occasion, Azcona offered his naked body, anesthetized by the use of narcotics, so that the visitor could use it freely.
By letter, the artist invited the organizations, groups, and entities that had threatened his life to the installation, where a loaded firearm was offered and Azcona stood exposed on a raised platform.
The actual installation, as if it were a piece of land art, currently remains along the wall, and has been exhibited in different countries through photographic and video art.
He gathered two hundred and forty-two wafers, which was the number of cases of pederasty reported in the north of Spain during the previous decade.
At the end of 2015, a section of the work was selected to be part of a retrospective exhibition of the artists works inside the city of Pamplona's Monument to the Fallen in the Spanish Civil War.
The work was located on the altar of the old monument, which was formerly the cathedral of Pamplona, but at the time of Azconas' show, it was desacralized.
In the work, Azcona presented more than two hundred actual cases of pedophilia in museums and galleries in various cities in Spain.
The artist endured more than five years of judicial proceedings for complaints about the work at many different courts and judicial entities.
In the works, Azcona used representative icons of various religions, such as the Koran, the Bible, the Torah and other objects of a sacred character.
In the most controversial of them, Azcona performs for nine-hour during which he ingests the pages of a copy of the Koran.
This work provoked the most repercussions of any of the series, and the artist was threatened and persecuted for the piece.
From there, Azcona founded an art collection together with other artists such as Lars Vilks and Bjørn Nørgaard, who had been persecuted and threatened for their creations.
With the collective, including Vilks, Nørgaard, the writer Salman Rushdie and the cartoonist Charb (who was killed in the attack on Charlie Hebdo), Azcona carried out performances and conferences for freedom of speech in the Krudttønden between 2013 and 2015.
The performance generated dozens of portraits which, at the closing of the work in 2017, were exhibited with the premise that any of them could be Azcona's father.
The biographical work creates a critical discourse with prostitution and its inheritance, and in the case of Azcona himself, of an unknown father, having been conceived during an act of prostitution.
The work was made up of dozens of original documents of affiliation to dozens of political parties in Spain, membership cards or documentation of fees and payments.
The piece, in which Azcona joins all the Spanish political parties, is a critique of the system that prioritizes economic interest over true ideology.
Descendants of victims make up the installation in a row in front of the monument, all symbolically buried with soil from the garden of one of the participants, where his relatives had been shot.
The artist was to remain for sixty days in a space built inside an art gallery of Madrid, with scarce food resources and in total darkness.
Azcona remained inside a garbage container strategically located in the center of the Biennial as a criticism of the artist's own gestation and the market of contemporary art itself.
Performed in 2015, Azcona again remained locked in a small space without light and poor food in the same central art gallery in Madrid.
Visitors of the art gallery were told of the experience by those entering and leaving the confinement with to the artist.
All projects were curated and documented from the point of view of the deprivation of liberty including deprivation of food, water, electricity or contact with the outside.
He served as the school's head football coach from 1915 to 1920 and head men's basketball coach from 1917 to 1922 and 1926 to 1944.
At the time of the commencement of work in 2019, this was considered to be the oldest shelved project of Pakistan as this project was first envisioned in 1898 during the period of British Raj.
The project is projected to complete in 2024 with the cost of Rs.48 billion out of which Rs.32.7 billion will be provided by ADB.
Jussi Antero Saramo (born 9 July 1979 in Porvoon maalaiskunta) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Uusimaa constituency.
The Basilica of La Merced, also known as Convent of La Merced, is a minor basilica located in the city of Cusco, Peru.
It belongs to the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy and has, annexes, both the convent and the premises of La Merced College.
The church has a three-nave basilica plan covered with brick vaults and dome on the crossing, with Baroque altars on its lateral naves and Neoclassical style on the main altar.
Also being part of the historic center of the city of Cusco, it is part of the area declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1983.
By 1538, Francisco Pizarro donated to the Mercedarians the estate called Limpipata adjacent to the Kusipata square where the construction of the first Mercedarian church in the city began.
The current church had to be built between 1651 and 1670 while the tower had to be built between 1692 and 1696 as well as the second cloister of the convent.
It is a work of goldsmith made with gold and precious stones, with a total weight of 22 kilos of weight and 130 centimeters in height.
It has 230 grams of gold and silver, 1538 pieces of diamonds and ocnas gems, 628 pearls, 312 amethysts, 3 emeralds, 1 topaz and dozens of rubies and others; the monstrance has carved among them some angels in the upper part, the virgin in the center, bottom the mermaid and a sheep near the base of the monstrance.
In the customary departure of Holy Monday, the Christ of the Earthquakes, patron of the city of Cusco, arrives at the Basilica of La Merced to stay for an hour, to perform mass and receiving it with Christian songs.
Pia Marjaana Lohikoski is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Uusimaa constituency.
Jari Heikki Myllykoski (born 27 June 1959 in Vaasa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Satakunta constituency.
Vincenzo Valgrisi, also known under his Latinized name as Vicentius Valgrisius (c. 1490), was a French-born printer active primarily in Venice in the 16th-century.
Alic made his professional debut for Neuchâtel Xamax in a 3-0 Swiss Super League loss to FC Basel on 24 August 2019.
It is conferred by the Nansen Trust and its associated trusts, and it was established in 1896 after the return of the Fram Expedition.
The prize is awarded in two categories: a historical-philosophical award, first conferred in 1903, and a mathematical–natural science award, first conferred in 1907.
Since 2003, recipients of the Fridtjof Nansen Prize for Outstanding Research have also been awarded the Nansen Medal for Outstanding Research.
Juho Kautto (born 23 July 1971 in Äänekoski) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Central Finland constituency.
Johannes Yrttiaho is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Finland Proper constituency.
Veronika Honkasalo (born 7 July 1975 in Lappeenranta) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Helsinki constituency.
Woodruff served as the head football coach at the Agricultural College of the State of Montana–now known as Montana State University—in Bozeman, Montana for one season in 1900.
Woodruff spent the later part of his career as a faculty member at Pennsylvania State University in State College, Pennsylvania and Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois.
Hanna Maria Katariina Sarkkinen (born 18 April 1988 in Oulunsalo) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Left Alliance at the Lapland constituency.
5-a-side football at the 2019 Parapan American Games were held in Villa Maria del Triunfo Hockey centre, Lima from August 24–30, 2019.
They are located between the Central Yakutian Lowland and the Bering Strait in the Far Eastern Federal District and Northeast Siberia.
In some areas of the East Siberian Mountains, such as the Kisilyakh Range and the Oymyakon Highland there are kigilyakhs, the rock formations that are highly valued in the culture of the Yakuts.
The East Siberian System consists of several separate sections of mountain ranges rising to the north and south of the Arctic Circle.
The main group of ranges stretches for a distance of nearly from the Lena River valley to Cape Dezhnev, at the eastern end of the Chukotka Peninsula.
Although it reaches a width of roughly , the highland region is almost cut in half by the East Siberian Lowland that stretches to the north in the central area.
The main rivers of the vast region are the Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma and its tributary Omolon, as well as the Anadyr.
In the south of the East Siberian Mountain System lies the area of the famous Oymyakon Depression, where record low temperatures are registered, even though the region is about to the south of the geographic North Pole.
Rivulets and humid areas in lower altitudes of most of the ranges of the system provide a habitat for the Siberian Salamander, a species known for surviving deep freezes —as low as .
Vikram is a wealthy businessman, and Iniya is an ordinary girl with an extraordinary talent for baking mouthwatering dark chocolate cookies.
Two seasons later, Rio Maior achieved another promotion, to the Portuguese Second Division; their first season in the second division had Jesualdo Ferreira as manager.
Ahead of the 2009–10 campaign, Rio Maior's players started a strike after having unpaid wages, and later terminated their contracts with the club; Rio Maior later folded.
Ely Walker Lofts (originally known as the Ely and Walker Dry Goods Company Building) is a building located at 1520 Washington Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri.
David Davis Walker was the great-grandfather of future president George H. W. Bush and first cousin of Supreme Court Justice and Independent U.S.
In 1880, Walker founded the company Ely, Walker & Company along with Frank Ely, a company which became a leading dry goods wholesaler west of the Mississippi River until it was acquired by Burlington Industries after World War II.
Eames & Young was a St. Louis architecture firm active between 1885 and 1927 which was responsible designing several buildings on the National Register of Historic Places.
William Eames, one of its founders and the uncle of architect Charles Eames, was president of the American Institute of Architects in from 1904 until 1905.
The terra cotta ornament includes a variety of Classical Revival motifs--broken pediments above the 4th floor windows, garlands at the 7th story and foliated ornament at the cornice.
It is a contributing building in the Washington Avenue Historic District, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
The district comprises 55 commercial buildings constructed between 1899 and 1931 with over 75 percent of these buildings designed by prominent architects.
5 in Kennett, Missouri, which added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, and buildings which were located in the Missouri cities of Illmo, Salem, Vandalia, Warrenton, and Paragould, Arkansas.
Mount Sifton is a mountain summit located in Glacier National Park, in the Hermit Range of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
It is also set north-northeast of Grizzly Mountain, and northwest of Rogers Pass from which it can be seen from the Trans-Canada Highway.
The first ascent of the mountain was made September 3, 1900, by Arthur Michael, Edward Feuz, and Friedrich Michel via the southeast ridge.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Sifton is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from surrounding glaciers on its slopes drains into tributaries of the Beaver River and Illecillewaet River.
There are two known approaches to Mana peak; one is the eastern approach through East Kamet glacier and the other is the southern approach through Nagthuni and Banke Kund glacier.
He began his studies in Noya, then went to Santiago de Compostela, where he studied with some teachers of little note.
The year 1724 found him in Portugal, from where he went to Seville; becoming employed in the workshop of Pedro Duque y Cornejo.
In 1739, he won the first prize for sculpture from the Accademia di San Luca; becoming a member there, as well as the Pontifical Academy of Arcadia.
His main, personal, assignment during his tenure with King involved making portraits; notably of the King and his wife, Bárbara de Braganza.
His portrait bust of Benito Jerónimo Feijoo, conserved at the Real Academia, is also an excellent example of his efforts to revitalize the styling of busts.
During his years with the King, he participated in creating the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, and was named the Director of Sculpture there when it opened in 1752.
Carcela made his professional debut for Standard Liège in a 2-0 Belgian First Division A win over Waasland-Beveren on 30 October 2019.
Austin Blake Larkin (born April 6, 1995) is an American football defensive end for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL).
Just hours after finishing a game, Larkin got on a red-eye flight to West Lafayette, Indiana, where Purdue University head coach, Darrell Hazell offered him a scholarship and he accepted.
He was promoted to the active roster on November 23, 2019, but was waived three days later and re-signed to the practice squad.
But something was needed to unify the core of the software as a service into a centralised cloud platform to organise better the internal tools of the company.
In 2019, Jean Machuca was introducing QCObjects to the world-wide market in the RISEConf Hong Kong 2019, to an audience of almost 20.000 developers from different tech companies around the world.
In May 22 of 2019, the first code of an experimental web server based in Node.JS was released by QuickCorp to the CLI Tool of QCObjects.
It was small script with a few lines of code to implement a new feature of Node.JS in its 10th version, to handle the HTTP2 requests.
Because of the increasing amount of developers interested in using the framework for production mode, Jean Machuca was working on some new features to make the new Built-In server a more professional tool.
In the latest version of QCObjects, the HTTP2 Built-In server has a dynamic settings feature that allows to set environment values in runtime, a openssl self signed certificate generator and a backend routes handler.
After that, in Oct 16, a release of a Marketplace AMI and PIB products of the Amazon Web Services was published.
In the back-end side it is possible to define packages (a feature that isn't currently native in JavaScript), and call it from a route redirection setting.
You can use the same single project to make a front-end SPA (Single Page Application) and a Backend set of micro-services.
It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth greyish brown bark above, glossy green, lance-shaped leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, white flowers and conical to cup-shaped fruit.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of five, seven or nine on an unbranched peduncle up to long, the individual buds on pedicels.
This eucalypts occurs in scattered locations in undulating farmland on well-drained rises from Servicton and Yanac in Victoria, to between Bordertown and Bangham in South Australia.
John Hunter was a New Zealand performer, best known as a star female impersonator with the Kiwis Revue which performed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1940s and 1950s.
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that are scheduled described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.
Redemption (Italian: Redenzione) is a 1943 Italian drama film directed by Marcello Albani and starring Carlo Tamberlani, Mario Ferrari and Camillo Pilotto.
He battles against the rise of the Fascist Party, but eventually changes sides and takes part in the March on Rome.
By the time of his death in 2010, he had competed a total of 41 times in the contests, placing first 22 times in multiple categories.
Lofts at 2020 (formerly known as the Sporting News Lofts building and before that as the Emerson Electric Company Building) is a national historical building which has had the address of 2012-18 Washington Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri.
Gabriela Roberta Rodríguez de Bukele (born Gabriela Roberta Rodríguez Perezalonso; 31 March 1985) is a Salvadoran educator, prenatal psychologist and the current first lady of El Salvador, as the wife of the 46th President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele.
She holds a doctorate in prenatal psychology and founded PrePare, the first center for prenatal teaching in El Salvador, in October 2018.
She married Bukele in 2014 and served as Secretary for Women during his tenure as Mayor of San Salvador (2015–2018), when she helped to create projects supporting women's rights and culture.
Her father is José Roberto Rodríguez Trabanino, a Salvadoran investor, while her mother, Arena Perezalonso de Rodríguez, is a Nicaraguan who served as a member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in El Salvador.
While in this role, she helped create the first Culture Secretariat of the Mayoralty of San Salvador, the San Salvador Ballet group and the Secretariat for Women.
After being expelled from the FMLN on 10 October 2017, Bukele founded a new political party called Nuevas Ideas, and ran for the presidency of El Salvador as a candidate of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA).
After Bukele's victory at the 2019 Salvadoran presidential election, Rodríguez became involved in the selection of the Cabinet, mostly for the social, health and education portfolios.
She began dating Bukele in 2004 and they married on 6 December 2014 in a private ceremony in El Boquerón, San Salvador.
The show took place in Arena Naucalpan, in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico, IWRG's main venue and the site of the majority of all their major shows and tournaments, and also served as the celebration of the 42nd anniversary of Arena Naucalpan.
For the event IWRG booked representatives of several wrestling schools for a special tag team tournament where the main trainer from the school teamed up with one of their students.
Other schools represented were: Gym FILL (trainer Negro Navarro and Puma de Oro), Gym Zaetas (trainer Freelance and Neza Kid Jr.), Gym Mexa (trainer Toro Negro and Torito Negro) and Gym Argentia (trainer Dragón Fly and Guerrero Olímpico).
The earliest such tournament was in 1998 part of the Arena Naucalpan 21st Anniversary Show and saw Mega defeat Judo Suwa, forcing the Japanese wrestler to have his hair shaved off.
Originally Moreno worked together with the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) and then later Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as a local promoter.
IWRG celebrates the anniversary of Arena Naucalpan each year in December with a major show, making it the second oldest, still promoted show series in the world.
Badeti Kota Rama Rao ( – 26 December 2019) was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh belonging to Telugu Desam Party.
After passing Higher Secondary School Certificate Bujji was admitted into Sir C. R. Reddy College but did not continue his studies.
He was elected as a legislator of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Eluru in 2014 as a Telugu Desam Party candidate.
He also contested in 2019 as a Telugu Desam Party candidate from Eluru but he lost to Alla Kali Krishna Srinivas.
The show will be held in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, IWRG's primary venue and will also double as the IWRG 24th Anniversary Show, commemorating the anniversary of IWRG, which was founded on January 1, 1996.
On the undercard, Toxin won the newly created IWRG Mexico Championship by outlasting Lunatik Xtreme, Dragón Bane, Trauma II, Relámpago, and Puma de Oro to win the championship.
In 1977 Moreno bought the rundown Arena KO Al Gusto and had Arena Naucalpan built in its place, an arena designed specifically for wrestling shows, with a maximum capacity of 2,400 spectators for the shows.
From that point on Arena Naucalpan became the main venue for IWRG, hosting the majority of their weekly shows and all of their major shows as well.
The first IWRG Anniversary Show was held on January 1, 1997 with all subsequent shows being held on or right after January 1 each year, all at Arena Naucalpan.
He is heading International Solar Alliance which is an alliance of 121 countries worldwide focusing on solar power utilization and sustainable energy.
Tripathy has a master's degree both in Political Science from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and Public Administration from Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
He has served with state and union governments in India and was secretary Ministry of New and Renewable Energy from April 1, 2014 until October 31, 2016.
The Priest's Hat (Italian: Il cappello da prete) is a 1944 Italian historical drama film directed by Ferdinando Maria Poggioli and starring Roldano Lupi, Lída Baarová and Luigi Almirante.
It was shot in the summer of 1943, but its release was delayed to ongoing war events and it only premiered in Rome after the city's liberation by the Allies.
The Karnataka Women's League, also referred to as the Super Division, is the top division of women's football league in the Indian State of Karnataka.
The Karnataka Women's League was formed in 2018 to give effect to the mandate sent out by the All India Football Federation, India's governing body of professional football, to each State to form leagues.
A court appointed by Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, first restructured the group and then replaced the board with a three-member temporary board.
Other companies under the Galadari Group in the UAE include Mazda UAE, Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream, Galadari Sri Lanka Hotel, Galadari Construction, JCB General heavy equipment.
Devgad Fort, also called Janjira Devgad Fort (), is a fort located 5 km from Devgad town, in Sindhudurg district, of Maharashtra.
Walter Brown of East India Company had tried to capture this fort with the help of Wadikar Sawants, however he suffered great losses in the pursuit.
.After the fall of Maratha empire, in April 1818 this fort was taken by a detachment of IV Rifles of British under the Colonel Imlack.
By Footpath and Stile is a song cycle for baritone and string quartet by English composer Gerald Finzi (1901-1956) set to poems by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928).
The ordering of the poems in the song cycle, all of which deal with death, loss, separation, and the passing of time, is not chronological, but Finzi's own.
Composed in 1921-1922, it was premiered on 24 October 1923 by the baritone Sumner Austin and the Charles Woodhouse String Quartet in a British Music Society concert at 6 Queen Square, London.
The work received a repeat performance on 18 February 1927 in Liverpool, again in a British Music Society concert.The score was published as his Opus 2 in 1925 by Curwen & Sons at Finzi's own expense.
The cycle did not receive its first commercial recording until 2006 when Roderick Williams and the Sacconi Quartet recorded it on the Naxos label.
Critical reaction, based on the only two recordings (of 2006 and 2012), has been largely positive, while noting the composer's relative immaturity.
This museum began in 1913 when an Italian Jesuit priest named Chiapi donated around 2000 different types of minerals, Herbarium and a collection of Roman coins.
This museum contains artifacts such as stone age tools, postal stamps, Roman coins, pieces of the Berlin Wall, drawings of Antonio Moscheni, paintings of European artists, spears and arrows of Abyssinia, Neolithic stone axe, telegraphic equipment, Mangalore's first car and generator, whale skeleton, old musical instruments, etc.
The play begins with Lord Tidmouth seeing Lottie in the hotel, unlike the book, which starts with Sir Hugo meeting Sally on a golf course.
In the play, Tidmouth and Lottie have never met before, and Sir Hugo ultimately pays Lottie to leave Bill instead of convincing her that she would find life boring with him.
In 1985, the play was adapted into a radio drama for BBC Radio 4, with Martin Jarvis as Bill, Alexandra Bastedo as Sally, Judy Buxton as Lottie, Jeremy Child as Lord Tidmouth, David Garth as Sir Hugo Drake, Natasha Pyne as Marie, and Trevor Nichols as the page-boy.
United States presidents issue presidential memoranda, which are like executive orders have the force of law on the Executive Branch, but are generally considered less prestigious.
Saint Louis University Office of Admissions Building (as known as the The Alexander Euston Mansion and the Queen's Daughters House) is a stone castle building located at 3730 Lindell in St. Louis, Missouri.
This mansion was built in 1890 by English immigrant Alexander Euston who made money in the white lead and linseed oil business.
In 1912, the St. Louis-based religious society the Daughters of the Queen of Heaven, an organization of lay Catholic women, purchased this building and converted it to a boarding house for single women.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1995 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Michael D'Agostino (born March 4, 1971) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 91st district since 2013.
The Adoration of the Shepherds is a 1607 silver plaquette by the Dutch Golden Age sculptor Paulus van Vianen in the collection of the Rijksmuseum.
They seem to pop out of the scene and have been separately cast and added to the finished chased and hammered plaquette.
It was made during the artist's period at the court of Rudolf II in Prague and was purchased in 1979 with support from the Vereniging Rembrandt and the Rijksmuseum-Stichting.
Val de Vie Estate (Fr Valley of Life) is a secure, luxury residential and outdoor lifestyle estate occupying situated between Stellenbosch, Paarl and Franschhoek in the Cape Winelands of South Africa.
The estate encompasses various neighbourhoods each with its own characteristics, surrounded by vineyards, polo fields, natural fynbos vegetation, parks, lakes and mountains.
The estate is known for its world-class polo facilities, Jack Nicklaus Signature Golf Course, mountain bike trails and L’Huguenot wine cellar.
The estate embraces farmland granted by the Governor of the Cape to French Huguenot Abraham Andries le Roux in 1783 at a time when the Paarl-Franschhoek region was producing the highest volume of wine in South Africa.
Val de Vie Estate was awarded the best multigenerational resort in the World in 2018 at The Globals ceremony in London on 8 November 2018.
It is rated by Golf Digest in South Africa’s Top 5 for 2018 and 2019 as well as rated the best conditioned golf course in the Western Cape.
Val de Vie Estate is the only residential Polo estate in South Africa and the venue for the annual Veuve Clicquot Masters Polo Cape Town.
The Absa Cape Epic is the largest full-service mountain bike stage race in the world and the only eight-day mountain bike stage race classed as hors catégorie by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Boyzone Irish singer Ronan Keating and Grand Slam golf veteran Gary Player hosted a charity event at Val de Vie raising R1 433 000 for The Gary Player Foundation and the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Oncology Unit.
The history of winemaking on the estate dates back to the 17th Century when French Huguenot Abraham Andries le Roux employed his expertise in viticulture.
A Chinese company, Perfect China, invested in the Val de Vie L'Huguenot wine estate, buying the 62 acre (25-hectare) wine farm with of vineyards.
The under vine produce a variety of cultivars: Roussanne, Ugni Blanc, Durif, Cinsaut, Mourvedre, Shiraz, Carignan, Viognier, Clairette Blanche, Grenache Blanc, Grenache Noir and Merlot.
As a major part of the Berg River valley falls within the Cape Floral Kingdom (a proclaimed World Heritage Site) the developers worked closely with the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning to preserve, protect, enhance, restore, manage and sustain the natural assets.
Val de Vie Estate is home to over 50 avian species, including Cape Canaries, Greater Striped Swallow and Rock Martins, Whiterumped Swift and White-throated Swallow, African Paradise Flycatcher Kingfishers and Black Duck.
The 7km biodiversity corridor along the Berg River is the second largest in the Western Cape and part of the Cape Floral Kingdom.
Jan Myšák (born 24 June 2002) is a Czech ice hockey winger currently playing for HC Litvínov of the Czech Extraliga (EHL).
She has been interested in music and acting arts since her childhood, was a member of school drama classes and acted in school plays.
She knew many musicians from Valjevo and started to perform with them, with her parents not supporting her in favor of the faculty.
In 2013 she got a role of Nikolina in the season 3 of a Serbian-Montenegrin TV show , where she collaborated with Mima Karadžić.
In the private life, she has been linked—by various media—with narco boss Dragoslav Kosmajac's son Lazar, Darko Šarić, former football player Mateja Kežman, former water polo player Vanja Udovičić and a basketball player Miloš Teodosić, as well as retired football player Ivica Dragutinović.
Nicolas Kocik (born 4 August 1998) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the French club Valenciennes in the Ligue 2.
Kocik made his professional debut with Valenciennes in a 4-1 Coupe de la Ligue loss to AC Ajaccio on 13 August 2019.
Esther 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter introduces Mordecai and his adoptive daughter, Esther, whose beauty won the approval of the king Ahasuerus, and she was crowned the queen of Persia ().
Given information from Mordecai, Esther warned the king of an assassination plan (verses 21–), so that the would-be assassins were executed on the gallows, and the king owed Mordecai his life.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
To find a replacement for a Persian queen after the deposal of Vashti, the king decided to hold a nationwide contest following the advice of his counselors.
As the requirement to enter the contest is simply her beauty (verse 3), Esther’s status of being Jewish, a descendant of captives (verse 6), without father and mother, did not hinder her entrance to the court.
It also gives a hint of Esther's character: she might possess 'innate cunning' to distinguish herself from her competitors and at the end was chosen to be the queen.
The time referred to in the verse falls in the January or February of 478 BC which would have been very shortly after Xerxes' return to Susa from the war with the Greeks, thus the long delay in replacing Vashti can be explained by the long absence of Xerxes in Greece.
Boo Seung-kwan (; born January 16, 1998), better known as Seungkwan, is a South Korean singer and songwriter under Pledis Entertainment.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Youngs Peak is in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from its glaciers drains north into a tributary of the Illecillewaet River, and south into headwaters of the Incomappleux River.
Najm al-Din Tabasi (also known as Najm al-Din Murawwiji Tabasi) is son of Mohammad Rida Tabasi who was born in Najaf.
Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulpayigani, Ali Panah Ishtihardi, Ja'far Subhani, Sayyid Ali Muhaqqiq Damad, Husayn Nuri Hamadani, Muhsin Haram Panahi, Mohammad Reza Golpaygani, Husayn Wahid Khurasani and Fadil Harandi.
The following is a list of women classical flautists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in the field of classical music.
The 1949 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1949 college football season.
In their sixth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 9–1 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 299 to 87.
His first cousin Robert Goldsmith was paternal grandfather of the poet Oliver Goldsmith; and his son Isaac Dean of Cloyne from 1736 to 1769.
83 is an upcoming Indian sports drama film directed by Kabir Khan and jointly produced by Khan, Vishnu Vardhan Induri, Phantom Films, Deepika Padukone and Sajid Nadiadwala.
Bankrolled by Reliance Entertainment, the film stars Ranveer Singh as cricketer Kapil Dev, along with Deepika Padukone, Tahir Raj Bhasin, Saqib Saleem, Harrdy Sandhu, Ammy Virk, Pankaj Tripathi, Boman Irani, Jiiva and Sahil Khattar.
The story narrates Dev's journey of life as well as how he became the captain of the India national cricket team and won the 1983 Cricket World Cup.
In 2013, Vishnu Vardhan Induri the founder of Celebrity Cricket League approached Kapil Dev to make a film on the 1983 Worldcup team.
Initially Kapil was hesitant but finally agreed to Vishnu's request after listening to the first draft of the script is written by Sanjay Puran Singh Chauhan.
In September 2017, Reliance Entertainment and Vibri Media hosted an event to announce the film with the team that had won the 1983 World Cup.
The film will be theatrically released in India on 10 April 2020, along with dubbed versions in Tamil and Telugu languages.
Reliance Entertainment and Vibri Media hosted an event in September 2017 to announce the film along with the entire former team that won the cricket world cup in 1983.
In the first week of April 2019 at a camp at Dharamshala Cricket Stadium, the cast trained at cricket with former cricketers Balwinder Sandhu and Yashpal Sharma.
The title logo was released on 9 January 2020, and the character posters of the film released every day starting from 11 January 2020.
The first look launch was held on 25 January 2020, at Sathyam Cinemas in Chennai, where the makers unveiled first look posters of original Hindi and the dubbed Tamil and Telugu versions.
Kamal Haasan and Akkineni Nagarjuna bankrolled the Tamil and Telugu rights of the film, under their Raaj Kamal Films International and Annapurna Studios banner, and the distribution rights of the former was acquired by YNOT X and the latter by Global Cinemas.
She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 FINA Women's Water Polo World League.
She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
It is native to Mexico (Southeast Mexico and Southwest Mexico), Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Panama), South America (Bolivia, South Brazil, Southeast Brazil, Colombia, mainland Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela) and the Galápagos Islands.
Set against the backdrop of the Siege of Famagusta during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) it features the first female swordswoman in Italian popular fiction, the Duchess Eleanora d'Eboli, better known as Captain Tempesta.
In 2009 it was selected by Julia Eccleshare as one of the 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up.
Besieged by a force of 80,000 men, they city has valiantly fought back with its small force of warriors and mercenaries.
The Turks are preparing to storm the city and slay all those within it, and still there has been no word of her beloved's whereabouts...
On November 6, 2019, it was announced that nine additional episodes had been ordered bringing the season to a full season of twenty-two episodes.
Thailand is a peninsular country of 514,000 km with over 3,565 km of coastline, 2,700 km on the Gulf of Thailand and 865 km on the Andaman Sea.
In 2001, the average yearly fish consumption was 32.4 kg per capita and provided on average 10–14 grams of protein per capita per day.
Consumption of fish is almost certainly higher than reported, as many fish are caught by smallholders and consumed without passing through the marketplace.
Aquatic animal numbers are dwindling; in the 1980s, small-scale fishers were able to catch up to eight times as many fish than is possible in the 2000s.
The most important species are the green mussel with 44% of all production and the giant tiger prawn with 98% of shrimp production and 40% of total production.
They were the world's leading exporter until a disease called Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) or Hepatopancreatic Acute Necrosis Syndrome {AHPND) hit Thai cultured shrimp production in 2012.
Although the industry has made progress in diagnosing the disease and improving management practices, Thailand's marine shrimp farming sector has not yet recovered to the high levels prior to the outbreak.
The National Statistical Office and the Fisheries Department define SSF as non-powered, outboard-powered, or inboard powered fishing boats of less than 10 gross tonnes (GT) generally operating inshore.
In 2017 the FAO estimates the number of powered fishing boats at 25,002 and small boats powered by oars or sail at 436,594.
However, fish from both the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand are decreasing annually and the industry relies on imported raw material such as pollock, salmon, and other white and red meat fish, Thailand's total fishery exports increased by 4% from US$5.6 billion in 2016 to US$5.8 billion in 2017.
Major exports in 2017 included canned tuna (US$2.1 billion); processed shrimp/prawns (US$1.8 billion); processed squid/cuttlefish (US$345 million); and canned sardines (US$108 million), which account for three-quarters of total fishery exports.
An increasing shortage of domestic raw materials has driven Thailand to become a large importer of fish products to serve its fishery processing for export.
China is the largest supplier of fishery products to Thailand with US$380.2 million in value, followed by India at US$268.7 million, Taiwan at US$256.3 million, Vietnam at US$229.3 million, and the United States at US$229.2 million.
CPUE, a measure of the health of fish stocks, fell by 92% in the Gulf of Thailand between 1961 and 2015.
In 2014, Thailand was 12th in the world (of 215 nations) (1=worst, 215=best) in terms of fish species at risk (96 species).
In 1950, the newly constituted Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations estimated that, globally, about 20 million metric tons of fish (cod, mackerel, tuna) and invertebrates (lobster, squid, clams) were caught.
Thailand is no exception to this decline, despite having had 57,141 fishing vessels and more than 300,000 people employed by the fishing industry.
A twelve-month analysis of the catch composition, landing patterns, and biological aspects of sharks caught by Thai commercial fishing boats in the Andaman Sea off Thailand showed a significant difference from the results of a similar study done in 2004.
Fish prices for the species from which tropical surimi is typically made—itoyori, eso, flying fish, sea bream, and ribbonfish—are rising in spite of stable low wages.
The 1,300 boats to be purchased by the government failed licensing standards after the government imposed more stringent, environmentally friendly laws.
The National Fisheries Association of Thailand says its members will stop fishing unless the government pays for the 1,300 decommissioned trawlers.
On 21 April 2015, the European Union (EU) threatened Thailand, the third-largest seafood exporter in the world, with a trade ban if it did not take action on illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU).
Since 2010, the EU, the world's largest importer of fish products, has taken action against countries that do not follow international overfishing regulations, such as policing their waters for unlicensed fishing vessels and imposing penalties to deter illegal fishing.
Thailand failed to certify the origin and legality of its fish exports to the EU and was given six months, until October 2015, to implement a satisfactory action plan to address the shortcomings.
The protests were short-lived and ended when the government agreed to implement a number of measures to appease the fishermen, including compensation payouts to fishers whose boats were grounded because they did not meet the government's minimum requirements under its new anti-IUU restrictions.
Boats that were barred from fishing because they failed to meet the state's minimum requirements will be given 30 additional fishing days.
The death toll has hovered around 400 for three consecutive years and represents less than 10% of the 5,000 rare species found in Thailand's territorial waters.
The department estimates that there are around 2,000 dolphins and whales, 3,000 sea turtles, and 250 dugongs living in Thai waters.
Bycatch in Thailand is largely unregulated, leaving, for example, only about 100 whale sharks in Thai waters according to the Department of Coastal and Marine Resources.
The period from 2012–2016 saw Thailand export 22,467 tons of shark fins, the primary ingredient in shark fin soup—a Chinese dish signalling wealth and privilege—making it among the world's leading exporters.
A study commissioned by WildAid, found that 57% of urban Thais have consumed shark fin at some point and 61% plan to consume shark fin in the future.
More than 100 Bangkok restaurants serve shark fin soup An uproar ensued in December 2019 when it was discovered that Thai government officials, including the prime and interior ministers, and their coalition party allies, were served shark fin soup at a dinner at the Rajpruek Club in Bangkok.
Conservation groups and academics accused the government of obliviousness regarding environmental issues, especially as the dinner came only a day before Thai Environment Day.
According to a survey on Thai shark fin consumption by WildAid-Thailand, shark fin soup is served at 72% of all weddings, 61% of family gatherings, and 47% of business functions.
Research published by the International Labor Organization (ILO) in 2018 identified persistent labor abuses in the industry, but also noted progress made to eliminate them.
New regulations dictate that fishermen have to be in possession of their own identification documents, receive and sign a written contract, be paid monthly, annual health checks for crew, transportation for crew from foreign ports to Thailand, social security schemes, and certified good working and living conditions.
The Pattani Fisheries Association argues that 99% of trawlers cannot meet C188 demands as their boats either can't be modified or their owners don't have the money to do so.
However, the ILO analysis of gaps between Thai law and the ILO Work in Fishing Convention makes clear that modifications to existing vessels are not required by the convention.
Thai and international unions, civil society organizations, and major U.K. seafood buyers including Lyons Seafood, Morrisons, Sainsbury's, and Waitrose urged the Thai Prime Minister in September 2019 to reject efforts by the Fisheries Association to roll back basic labor protections for workers in the fishing industry.
St Aldhelm's was built as a result of expansion and development of Radipole, which left the parish church of St Ann unable to provide adequate accommodation.
Fundraising for the new church began in 1936, and Mr. Alfred A. Hayward donated a plot of land on Spa Road for the church in memory of his wife in December of that year.
In addition to the funds raised by Radipole's parochial church council, a ladies' working party was also formed to raise funds.
A donation of £200 was received from Dame Violet Wills of Devon, while grants included £249 from Salisbury Diocesan funds and £300 from the Dorset Church Building Committee.
Plans for the new church were drawn up by William Henry Randoll Blacking, and Ralph Fry of Kingsbury Episcopi hired as the builder.
Owing to limited funds, the church was to be built in phases, with the first phase to include three bays] of the nave, the east and west aisles, and a chancel.
The west end of the church was built with temporary walls as two further bays were due to be added in the future.
A number of memorials were also received from the chapel, including oak panels commemorating boys of the college who lost their lives in World War I.
With further fundraising throughout the 1950s, a church hall of Reema construction was built behind the church and dedicated in 1961.
Victor Pike, dedicated a new porch, and clergy and choir vestries, which were all built at the front of the church.
As part of the scheme, a baptistry was also created, the church's pews were replaced by chairs and a new heating system was installed.
The church retains the memorials received from the college chapel, although the fittings received from Christ Church have since been passed on to other churches.
It is said that at the beginning of the world, when the whole world was inundated, the boatman was born in the Avatar of the Tortoise.In that Avatar too, he had great love for God.
After that, he took penance for more than one epoch, and he did penance to God and finally, in Treta Yuga, he was born as a boatman, Lord Vishnu, who was incarnated as Rama.
Topi Niemelä (born 25 March 2002) is a Finnish ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Oulun Kärpät of the Finnish Liiga.
Beej Mantras also known as Vedic Seed Mantras are the core mantras or sounds endowed with great spiritual powers, They are often called the audible seed version of all the Deity majorly in Hinduism.
It is believed that when chanted with concentration Beej mantras can fulfil the desires of the devotees and act like a protective shield surrounding them and protecting from all dangers and enemies.
Douglas James Curtin (born 15 September 1947) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 2020 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 2019 and the beginning of 2020.
He was forced to flee the country for the last time in 1937 and ended up in the Soviet Union where he fell foul of the institutionalised paranoia that was a feature of Stalin's rule.
It was only with the opening up of previously concealed government records that followed the political collapse of the East German and Soviet dictatorships in 1989/90 that Margarete Forszpaniak, a former resistance comrade, disclosed the truth about Pietzuch's death to the historian , having herself learnt it two decades easrlier from , the responsable East German Central Committee official.
In January 1933 the Hitler government took power and lost little time in transforming Germany into a one-party state |one-]]party dictatorship.
Sources are vague on the timelines of Pietzuch's actions over the next few years, but during or before the first part of 1934 he was back in Germany, with instructions from comrades to organise communist sabitage and terror acvitivies.
In 1936, with Gestapo surveillance becoming increasingly ubitquitous, Pietzuch left Germany and, like many resistance activists at this time, headed for Prague.
At the beginning of 1937 Pietzuch returned to Berlin where he participated with fellow activists in the preparation of violent measures targetting the state.
By 2 April 1937 he was living secretly with Karl and Eleonore Bartel in their apartment at in the city centre.
That morning he was at the Kitchen stove conducting experiments with explosives, with a view to the larger scale manufacture of bombs and detonators for use in sabotage actions.
The policeman then went off to assemble some colleague for amore thorough search of the apartment: by the time they all arrived Pietzuch had left the building.
Eleonore Bartel bandaged up his injured arm with a dish cloth and he set off in a tazi to Berlin-Schöneberg where the dentistry practice Ingelath-Geerken provided a ceratin level of first aid and patched up his damaged face.
After his most urgent medical needs had been attended to he moved on to Schwinemündestraße 21 in Berlin-Wedding another district of central Berlin, where he visited another trusted associate, the electrician Herbert Nicolai.
The electrician provided money and a set of false identity papers, armed with which Emil Pietzuch headed for the railway station.
Prague at this time had become a third informal capital (along with Moscow and Paris) for the exiled German Communist Party.
There is reference to his having made approaches to party members without liaising with party leaders, and there was indeed mention (which at this stage came to nothing) of quietly excluding him from party membership.
It was only in March 1939, with the German military taek-over of the rest of Czechoslovakia, that Pietzuch left Prague, from where he now moved back to the Soviet Union.
For reasons that remain unclear the German authorities became convinced that Pietzuch had made his way from Czechoslovakia not to Russia but to England.
It is likely that the mistrust of comrades which had been apparent in Prague will have followed him to Moscow where he fell foul of the which were intensively focused on German political exiles in Moscow in response to the sudden invasion in June 1941 of the Soviet Union by German forces in defiance of the non-aggression pact negotiatied and concluded between the dicator-states two years earlier.
Neil James Burns (born 11 June 1945) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
His brother Vivekrao Vasanthrao Patil is an elected member of the legislative council and was elected independently with a record victory margin that was the highest in the state since independence.
Vivekrao is a member of the Belgaum Chamber of Commerce, a chairman of the Raibag Sugar Factory and a chairman of the Belgaum District Co-operative bank.
Richard Lee (born 11 September 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Halifax Town and Mansfield Town.
The 2019 Liga 3 Final wa the final that decided the winner of the 2019 Liga 3, the fifth season of third-tier competition in Indonesia organised by PSSI, and the third season since it was renamed from the Liga Nusantara to the Liga 3 between PSKC and Persijap.
David John Mallinson (born 7 July 1946) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
During World War II he was liaison officer with Yugoslav partisans and mentioned in despatches for a successful attack on heavily armed barges of the Istrian coast.
A mountain, Stockenbjoerg (66° 36' N 37° 10' W, 2520m altitude), in eastern Greenland is named after him as a memorial.
It sits on a cliff, located close to the modern national road from Thebes to Livadeia, and on the southern shore of the ancient Lake Copais.
It is built of hewn stone, mostly undressed but relatively regular; only the quoins are dressed, including some ancient spolia from the nearby acropolis of ancient Haliartos.
The two middle floors have each eight window slits, two on each wall, while the top floor was covered by a vault reinforced by a double arch, now collapsed.
There is an opening at the base, but it is of modern creation; the original gate seems to have been located well above the ground, on the second floor level, on the tower's southern face; the existence of putlog holes suggest that a wooden staircase was affixed.
A number of caves exist at the edge of the cliff on which the tower sits, but it is unknown whether they are medieval, and possibly related to the tower, or of more recent date, the result of lime-burning.
It is variously regarded as part of a late Byzantine defence system along the opais and the Boeotic Cephissus, but is most likely of Frankish construction.
Florin Cheran (born 5 April 1947) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a defender for Electronica București, Dinamo București and Chimia Râmnicu Vâlcea.
In 1996, Pervan accompanied Sejo Sexon and Elvis J. Kurtović, with whom he restarted band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s.
Allan Armstrong Wilson (born 10 January 1945) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Tadeusz Franciszek Derko (born 22 December 1946) is an Italian former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Rajesh Ghodge (15 January 1975 – 13 January 2019) was an Indian cricketer who played in two first-class and eight List A matches for Goa between 1997 and 2005.
A veteran of the American Revolution, he was most notable for his service as United States Marshal for Vermont from 1801 to 1811 and as the business manager for the educational endeavors of Emma Willard, who was his third wife.
John Willard was born in East Guilford, Connecticut on July 23, 1759, a son of John Willard (1722-1767) and Mary (Horton) Willard (1728-1807).
He was a director of the Vermont State Bank in Middlebury in 1812 when the bank was unable to account for $28,000 in missing funds (about $418,000 in 2019).
The directors and managers of the bank could not explain the shortage, and a court judgment in favor of the depositors resulted in liens against Willard's property.
Emma Willard decided to open a boarding school for female students in order to generate income for the family, and Willard became the business manager.
Despite the success of his wife's school, Willard's personal finances did not recover after the bank theft, and he was insolvent at the time of his death.
In 1819, the Willards moved their female seminary to Waterford, New York after the state legislature enacted a law providing financial aid for the education of women.
The Middlebury home Willard built in 1809, now known as the Emma Willard House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
The facility, which was established by Margaret Trafford Southwell, a descendant of Southwell family who had been tenants at Wisbech Castle, in 1873.
Czechoslovak Army in the West refers to Czechoslovak military units that served with the Western Allies during the Second World War.
A group of researchers from Bangladesh and South Korea ran their scientific research from May 2016 to December 2017 in Sundarban and discovered the new species of pufferfish.
Although his early work shows the influence of poets such as Ahmed Mejjati, Mohammed Serghini and Abdelkarim Tabbal, his poetry has since evolved along its own path.
The tower is located on the site of the acropolis of ancient Amphicleia, which today is occupied by the cemetery of the modern settlement.
The tower measures by , making extensive use of spolia ashlar blocks from the acropolis for the first six courses of masonry at its base (corresponding to the ground floor) and then as quoins.
The first floor is supported by ledges offset from the north and south walls, extending from the ground to about in height.
The entrance was above ground, at the level of the first floor, on the southern face of the tower near its eastern corner.
He is the Managing Director from the house of Kalinga Media and Entertainment Private Limited (KMEPL) and also heads as CMD Kalinga TV, a 24x7 news channel and KNews Odisha, a leading digital platform.
Khatua is the National Film Award recipient for Best Film direction in 2005 and National Award recipient for best debut film Sunya Swaroop in 44th National Film Festival.
After his primary education in his native village, he shifted to several places in the state to complete his high school.
It was while pursuing a career in science with Physics major, he qualified to join country's premier film institute FTII Pune, which played a pivotal role in grooming up his career as a filmmaker.
In 1990s, Khatua moved to Mumbai to work as a professional audiographer, but only after a year, he decided to come back to his homeland Odisha and pursue his career here.
Independently, he did sound designing for Indradhanura Chhai (Shadows of the rainbow ) which got Grand Prix in the 2nd Sochi International Film Festival, Russia and officially selected for the Un Certain Regards catogary in Cannes International Film Festival.
Later, Khatua moved into film direction independently with his debut film Shunya Swaroopa (Contours of the void) which took him to many international film festivals including International Film Festival Rotterdam (Netherlands), Kinotavr (Sochi International Film Festival, Russia), Gothenburg Film Festival (Sweden), and Cinema Jove International Film Festival, Valencia (Spain).The Film also got National Award as the Best Regional Film in Oriya, and quite a many state awards.
Thereafter, Khatua joined Biju Patnaik Film and Television Institute (BPFTI) as a senior faculty and played a key role there in establishing this institute under Govt.
During his services with BPFTI, he promoted film culture in Odisha with several film Festivals and augmented television culture as a key functionary of Gramsat Programme for developmental communication under Government of India & Government of Odisha.
His second feature film Kathantara(Another Story) based on the aftermath of 1999 Odisha cyclone, a landmark in Odia Cinema, dealt with the lives and predicaments of cyclone survivors mostly the women.
His third film feature MATIRA BANDHAN (The Inheritance) was based on a short story The Trunk of Ganesha by eminent writer Padmashree Jayanta Mahapatra.
However, the film was screened at the Mumbai Film Festival organized by Mumbai Academy of Moving Image (MAMI) and Bangaluru International Film Festival.
The fourth feature film Krantidhara (Coup de grace) based on the story Jhada Parara Surjya by Dr Itirani Samanta, got Asian Excellence Awards, South Korea as the best feature film.
Leaving aside the government job as a senior faculty in BPFTIO, Mr. Khatua shouldered the responsibility to start three different schools: School of Fashion Technology, School of Mass Communication, and School of Film and Media Sciences, at Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT University), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
Mr Khatua is working as the Managing Director from the house of Kalinga Media and Entertainment Private Limited (KMEPL) and also heads as CMD Kalinga TV, a 24x7 news channel, and KNews Odisha, a digital platform.
The 1916 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 30th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 3 December 1916, Collegians won the championship following a 0-03 to 0-01 defeat of Fermoy in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
The Aspropotamos–Spercheios line or Achelöos–Spercheios line () was Greece's first land border with the Ottoman Empire, established by the London Protocol (1830).
The island of Euboea (Negroponte), the Northern Sporades, Skyros, and the Cyclades including the island of Amorgos would become part of Greece.
It was replaced in the Treaty of Constantinople (1832) by the Ambracian Gulf – Pagasetic Gulf line (or Arta–Volos line), which had already been envisaged in the London Protocol (1829) as the northern boundary of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty.
The wall is built out of mud and stones dated back to the 1st century CE, its main purpose is to protect the some areas of Dumat Al-Jandal.
A private property surrounds the wall from the East and the West, a clearing land is at the North of the wall, and a mountain from the South.
William McKinney (born 20 July 1936) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bournemouth & Boscombe Atheltic, Mansfield Town and Newcastle United.
The 1918 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 32nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 20 October 1918, Cobh won the championship following a 0-03 to 0-01 defeat of Fermoy in the final at Midleton Sportsfield.
The 1919 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 33rd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 12 October 1919, Cobh won the championship following a 4-03 to 1-00 defeat of Youghal in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
The 1936 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 48th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 16 August 1936, Duhallow West won the championship following a 2-05 to 0-02 defeat of Clonakilty in the final at the Mardyke.
Gu Gai (, born 16 May 1989) is a former Chinese para table tennis player who was a triple Paralympic champion in team events, a double World champion in teams events and a four-time Asian champion in both team events.
The 1937 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 49th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
On 12 September 1937, Carbery won the championship following a 3-08 to 1-01 defeat of Duhallow West in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
He was the manager of the Indian team that won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, and also managed the Indian team which reached the semi-finals at the 1987 Cricket World Cup.
A right-handed batsman and off break bowler, Man Singh played five first-class matches between 1965/66 and 1968/69, representing Hyderabad in the Ranji Trophy and Hyderabad Blues in the Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Tournament.
He was selected as the manager for the 1983 Cricket World Cup, after securing a 15–13 win over Niranjan Shah in a special BCCI general meeting vote for the post and was part of the six-member selection committee that appointed Kapil Dev as the captain for the tournament.
Singh went on to manage the Indian team at the 1987 Cricket World Cup in the subcontinent where India reached the semi-finals.
Lubrich jr. attended the teacher's seminar in Żagań from 1905 to 1908 and was appointed in 1907 at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig, a student of Reger and Straube.
From 1911 to 1919 Lubrich was a music teacher at the Protestant Teachers' Seminar in Bielsko-Biała, and in 1917 he received the Austrian title of professor.
It became the Bowthorpe Road Public Assistance Institution in 1930 and, although the main building was destroyed by bombing during the Baedeker Blitz of the Second World War, the hospital joined the National Health Service as the West Norwich Hospital in 1948.
In pursuit of the true love of his life, he ends up leading himself into a roller-coaster ride of multiple relationships.
Josh Thiel (born 2 June 1997) is a Canadian professional rugby union player for San Diego Legion in Major League Rugby and for BC Bears in the Canadian Rugby Championship.
Josh won his first cap for Canada in the 2018 Americas Rugby Championship vs Chile and has played for the Canada Sevens.
The tower is built on top of the well-preserved Classical-era city wall, and its lower part is built entirely of reused spolia, whereas the upper parts are built with quarried stone and brick.
Donald Jeffret Schwartz (born February 24, 1956) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the New Orleans Saints and St. Louis Cardinals.
This list of science communication awards is an index of articles about notable awards for science communication, including journalism and books.
The list is organized by the country of the sponsoring organization, although awards may not be restricted to people in that country.
Kushwaha Shashi Bhushan Mehta is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Panki block of Jharkhand state as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party 2019.
Angelo Palmas (21 December 2014 – 9 June 2003) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
Between 1919 to 1921, she studied at University College London, and in 1922, she was awarded a Teacher's Diploma from the Institute of Education, London.
She taught in the Adult Education Department at the University of Nottingham until 1930, when she traveled with her husband to his posting in Burma.
At Nottingham she became interested in Russian literature and studied for her PhD thesis on ‘The Dramatic Art of Ostrovsky’ - it was awarded externally in 1931.
Beasley recalled in her diary that this job provided an adequate salary to cover boarding school costs for her daughter and provided enough annual leave that they could spend summer holidays together.
When Beasley took up her post in October 1939 she found that Sudanese men were not opposed to female education, but that they wanted it to produce 'good wives' not 'wage earners or autonomous thinkers'.
It was an interesting time to arrive in Sudan, where the country's political identity was being formed and the relationship with the British colonial authority was tightly bound to it.
During her career, Beasley's work in female education had a profound impact on the educational system for women in Sudan, she was also concerned with the practice of female genital mutilation, which was widely carried out.
Beasley believed that change to these practices could only come through the education of women themselves and their resistance to the it.
Beasley had a subtle understanding of the different cultural identities within Sudan, and realised the need to work with women from them.
Although she was opposed to the practice herself, and supported educational campaigns against it - she also recognised that it was an important part of cultural identity that affected both men and women.
She organised an educational campaign which focused on schools and organised for Sudanese teachers to tour remote schools to discuss the practice and its affects on health.
From 1951 to 1961, Beasley was Senior Lecturer in English at the Maria Grey Teacher Training College, Twickenham, and Lecturer at the Institute of Education, London.
She became part of the discussion on the need for reform of the civil service pension scheme,particularly the Sudan Government British Pensioners’ Association, and suggested in a letter that women pay 4/5 of the contribution of men, because it was in line with the wages that they earned in reality.
Her paperes are widely recognised as a unique source for analysis of Sudan's colonial past and the education of women in Africa.
Her work in the Sudan has been studied, with a particular focus on her views on FGM, particularly by Sudanese anthropologist Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf.
It was the first Ferris wheel constructed over sea in Europe, as it is on the Scheveningen Pier eight meters above the North Sea.
It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and, following a visit by the Princess of Wales in 1987, it was renamed the Princess of Wales Royal Air Force Hospital.
Despite a decision by the Royal Air Force to close the facility in 1992, it was saved from closure as a result of pressure from Action for a Community Hospital in Ely, a local pressure group.
It was first settled by Johann Daniel Witten from Ohe in 1825 as a small stop in the route between Hamburg and Mölln.
The settlement was never its own municipality but was always part of Ohe and was thus integrated into Reinbek along with the rest of the former municipality of Schönningstedt in 1947.
It was released on 26 July 2016 by the duo's own label Dream Catalogue, made available for download, alongside a limited physical run of double vinyl, cassette and CD.
A dining car was reservable for dinner or high tea, which is why it was also known as the Dinner Wheel.
The medal gained international recogition in 2018 when it was awarded to Sri Lankan scientist Ravi Silva of University of Surrey, whose work in part led to the establishment of the Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTec).
Kamlesh Kumar Singh is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Hussainabad block of Jharkhand state as a member of Nationalist Congress Party 2019.
It opened to the public in 2009 and has moved multiple times between two locations of Vieux-Port (Old Port) and Escale Borély.
A 10 year-old girl was injured and suffered a broken jaw and bruises to her ear on August 19, 2019, when she allegedly stuck her head out of cabin.
The Arta–Volos line () or Ambracian–Pagasetic line () was the land border of the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire between 1832 and the Annexation of Thessaly in 1881.
It was named after the two principal cities in proximity of the border on the Ottoman side, Arta and Volos, and the Ambracian Gulf and the Pagasetic Gulf between which it extended.
The Reverend Father William Henry Jackson (1889–1931) was an Anglican priest from England, who served as a missionary and ran the Kemmendine Blind School in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar), for whose choir he also composed, conducted and recorded choral music.
His parents were Mary Ann, née Bell, and Richard Stephens Jackson a solicitor and politician who later served as a member of the United Kingdom parliament.
He learned to read Moon and then Braille, and was subsequently educated as a border at the Royal Normal College for the Blind, from where he matriculated in 1907.
After being confirmed at the age of eighteen by the Suffragan Bishop of Croydon, Henry Pereira, he decided to enter the priesthood.
After three years he obtained a second-class degree in modern history, and in his fourth and final year, a second-class degree in theology.
After ordination, Jackson obtained a position at St Clement's, Ilford, where he worked for four and a half years as a curate, assisting the new vicar, who had been vice-principal during Jackson's time at Leeds.
William Charles Bertrand Purser, a friend of Jackson's oldest brother, had obtained a position as a missionary to St. Michael's Mission, in Rangoon, Burma (then a British colony) in 1904.
At Purser's suggestion, and at the request of the Lieutenant Governor of the colony, Jackson was invited to become a missionary in Rangoon, to develop and run a school for blind boys that Purser had established in 1914, in the suburb of Kemmendine (spellings vary; now Kyimyindaing), a position he took up in 1917.
He arrived on 8 November and shortly afterwards began to follow local customs, such as wearing the clothes of lower-class Burmese people, walking about barefoot and bare-headed, and eating food with his fingers.
Using his existing knowledge of Braille, he developed a similar system of encoding the Burmese language using raised symbols, as Burmese Braille, initially embossed onto sheets of metal from old petrol tins.
As the school catered almost exclusively for boys (it had only one female pupil), Jackson assisted in the creation and running of an equivalent institution for girls, St Raphael's School at Moulmein (now Mawlamyine), some hundred miles away, which he would visit for a few days each month.
He also set up a charity, the 'Mission to the Blind of Burma', to raise funds for the Kemmendine school, with fundraising occurring both in Burma and in the United Kingdom, via an agent in London.
A recital of 'Original Burmese Carols', held at Rangoon's Holy Trinity Cathedral, resulted in a commission for him and the twelve-member school choir to make records which were commercially released by Columbia Records.
Although he rallied after his operation, he knew that his time was short, and arranged to return again to Burma, his condition deteriorating during the voyage.
It was presented to the dying Jackson at his bedside by the then Governor of Burma, Sir Charles Innes and his wife.
It was published in 1932 by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, with an introduction by Rollestone Fyffe, the former Bishop of Rangoon.
After Jackson's death it was operated by The Mission of St.Michael until 1 November 1963, when the Department of Social Welfare, part of the Myanmar Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, took it on.
In 2011, software to read and write the Burmese Braille first devised by Jackson was developed by a computer technician at the school.
The staircase of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna is equipped with spandrel and intercolumniation paintings by Gustav Klimt, Ernst Klimt and Franz Matsch, lunette pictures by Hans Makart and a ceiling painting by Mihály Munkácsy.
In the middle of 1881 the committee in charge of building in Vienna commissioned Hans Makart with the overall equipment of the large staircase.
However, since Makart died in 1884, only the lunette pictures had been completed by then and could be affixed to the walls of the museum.
The 1981 Toray Sillook Open was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo in Japan.
He was a director of the East India Company from 1710-1730 and served as Deputy Chairman of the company 1716-18, then as Chairman, 1718-1719, 1721-22, Deputy Chair again from 1725-26 and Chair again 1726-27.
Frida Frederikke Caroline Christiane Schmidt (1849–1934) was a Danish teacher, suffragist and a pioneering activist for the Danish Women's Society on the island of Funen.
She helped to establish the Odense branches of both the Women's Suffrage Association in 1889 and the Women's Society in 1890.
In the early 1890s, she was one of the strongest advocates for having women's voting rights adopted as part of the Odense organization's programme, years before the Women's Society included the right to vote in their national programme in 1906.
Born in Middelfart on 15 August 1849, Frida Frederikke Caroline Christiane Schmidt was the fourth of 10 children parented by the lawyer and district attorney Lorentz Lorentzen Schmidt (1816–1867) and his wife Elisabeth Vanting (1819–1902).
On matriculating from school in 1864, unusually for her times, she worked in her father's office, taking dictation and handling correspondence.
As a result, she taught languages at N. Zahle's School, eventually opening a private school with one of her sisters in Odense.
Known as Eugenie Schmidts Handelsskole (Eugenie Schmidt's Commercial College), she taught there for 34 years, introducing a completely new subject, social studies.
She helped to establish the Odense branches of both the Women's Suffrage Association in 1889 and the Women's Society in 1890.
In the early 1890s, she was one of the strongest advocates for having women's voting rights adopted as part of the Odense organization's programme, years before the Women's Society included the right to vote in their national programme in 1906.
At 30 she tried scuba diving for the first time during a trip to Thailand, which made her move away at 31 to start studying coral reefs for a non-governmental organization.
Mazrak Zadran or Mazrak Khan ( 1925 – 1972) was a Zadran chieftain who fought against the Afghan government during the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1946.
Mazrak was the eldest of the 9 or 18 sons of Babrak Khan, who was the Zadran chieftain at the time of Mazrak's birth.
Among Mazrak's brothers was Saad Akbar Babrak, who was a Pashtun Nationalist who would later be responsible for the assassination of the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaqat Ali Khan.
In April 1944, Mazrak led an ambush against government troops in the Southern province, after which he was beaten back and forced to retreat into the hills.
In 1972, Mazrak, who was still in Abbottabad, was interviewed by Zubair Qureshi on his brother's assasination of Liaqat Ali Khan.
Mazrak insisted that his brother did not kill the Prime Minister and stated that he was still getting a stipend ($255 monthly) from the Government of Pakistan which was his only source of income and which was enough for his living and occasional trips to holiday resorts.
Three women, namely Ana, Doris, and Ditas are afflicted with leprosy who live a life of stigma in Culion at the time where the disease is considered a life sentence.
The production team sought consent from the local leaders and residents of Culion to produce their film in the island and promised to have the film screened first in the island.
They also secured endorsement from Dr. Arturo Cunanan Jr., head of the Culion Sanitarium and General Hospital, and Virginia de Vera, the town's mayor.
It had a wider release on December 25, 2019 as one of the eight entries of the 2019 Metro Manila Film Festival.
A paleochristian church at the site was built here in the 5th century, putatively atop an Ancient Roman temple dedicated to Diana.
The site then was adjacent to a Christian cemetery, but the present cemetery is now separated railroad tracks and the SS4 highway.
Documents note a reconstructed Santa Maria was reconsecrated in 1054 by Gerard, then Bishop of Rieti; and in 1178 under the rule of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, was again rebuilt.
BorderIrish or @BorderIrish, is the pseudonym of an anonymous satirical author, resident on the island of Ireland, who since 2018 has written in the first person about being the 97-year-old Irish border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (i.e.
The author has been interviewed as his pseudonym, both by Irish and British media, and by media from the European continent; and his satirical tweets as the Irish border have been discussed in wider media coverage on Brexit.
In January 2019, the Twitter account of Irish taoiseach Leo Varadkar was noted as a follower of @BorderIrish; other notable followers of @BorderIrish include Robert Peston and Alastair Campbell.
Scleria pauciflora, known as few-flowered nutrush, papillose nut-sedge, and Carolina-whipgrass, is a plant in the sedge family (Cyperaceae) native to northern Mexico, the eastern United States, southern Canada, and Cuba.
It is common across a broad stretch of the southeastern United States in many different habitat types, becoming rare at the northern end of its distribution.
He is a Dean's Research Professor at the Rutgers University Business School and a Distinguished Visiting Professor (Grand Master Chair Professor) at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC).
He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science with a minor in Statistics from the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, in 2005.
Xiong became an Assistant Professor in the Management Science and Information Systems Department of Rutgers Business School - Newark and New Brunswick in 2005.
Xiong currently also serves as the Founding Head of Business Intelligence Lab as well as the Founding Head of Talent Intelligence Center of Baidu Inc. starting from 2018.
In addition, he is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Big Data (TBD), ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD) and ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS).
In 2018, Xiong served as a PC Chair of the Research Track for the ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD).
The 1949 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1949 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7–2 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 315 to 98.
Due to British diplomatic pressure, Greece initially elected to remain neutral in the crisis, but expected some territorial compensation in the form of advancing the Greek border northwards to the Haliacmon-Aoös line.
In the end, following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 and the Treaty of Berlin, Greece's demands were only partially fulfilled with the Annexation of Thessaly and Arta.
Santa Chiara is a baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located between corso Roma and Via Savelli, in the town of Antrodoco, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, central Italy.
The adjacent hostel, dedicated to St Antony or St John, was built to service the often ill pilgrims en route on the Via Salaria to Rome, dates to the 14th century; but the clarissan monastery was not founded until 1607.
The McLean–Crystal City Line, designated Route 23A, Route 23B & Route 23T, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Tysons Corner Center & Ballston–MU station of the Orange and Silver lines of the Washington Metro and Shirlington Transit Center & Crystal City station of the Yellow and Blue lines of the Washington Metro.
The 23 line trips are roughly 20 minutes during peak hours, 30 minutes during off peak hours, and 60 minutes on Sundays.
Routes 23B and 23T operates on daily schedule with the same intervals, with transfers between Ballston station and Shirlington Transit Center.
The 23B operates between Ballston station and Crystal City station, while the 23T operates between Tysons Corner Center and Shirlington Transit Center.
The McLean–Crystal City Line was introduced in 1934, as the route was part of the Washington Virginia & Maryland Coach Company.
Some 23 routes were split into different lines, to run as a sister line which brings faster service between rush hours.
The 23 line runs along Dolley Madison Boulevard, Old Dominion Drive, and Glebe Road, connecting to the neighborhoods of Fairfax and Arlington Counties, alongside with the neighborhoods of the City of Alexandria.
Route 23C was added to operate between the Langley CIA Headquarters and Crystal City, although, select 23C trips terminates at the Village at Shirlington.
The 23A was also rerouted from Chain Bridge Road, to Dolley Madison Boulevard, to bring new service for the Silver Line, which opened on July 26, 2014.
The 23B and 23T replaced the 23A rush hour service, although neither the two routes serves Langley resulting the discontinuation of the 23C.
The remaining 23A portion between Tysons-Westpark Transit Station and Tysons Corner Center was served by route 23W of the Westpark Shuttle Line to serve as a temporary route to run through Tysons Galleria until the Silver Line opens.
To make way for the Silver Line, the 23A was truncated from Tysons-Westpark Transit Station to Tysons Corner Center March 30, 2014.
A temporary 23W was added to serve as a shuttle bus between Tysons-Westpark Transit Station and Tysons Corner Center, until the Silver line opens.
Starting on June 26, 2016, weekday middays, evenings & weekends was added to routes 23B & 23T , replacing most of the route 23A service.
Due to the West Glebe Road bridge construction, service will be rerouted via West Glebe Road at the City of Alexandria on December 30, 2018.
Chisamba was a teacher and she became a radio teacher under the Ministry of Education Sports and Culture before making her debut as a television personality.
She was the only Zimbabwean hosting a Shona language talk show in the days that the English language was dominant in Zimbabwe.
In 2018 she was made the domestic tourism ambassador by the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority and the same year she headlined her show in Birmingham.
Warm Showers is a non-profit social networking service accessible via a website and mobile app for bicycle travellers that is used to arrange free and non-obligatory homestays and hospitality.
Its board chair is Len Bulmer and board members are Cyril Wendl, Russel Workman, Stephanie Verwys, Ken Francis, Jack Turner, and Bruce Squire.
Warm Showers became open-source software on November 15, 2009 — this project counts 15 contributors and 7 releases over the past years.
Warm Showers as a non-profit organization grants trustworthy teams of scientists access to its anonymized data for publication of insights to the benefit of humanity.
In 2015, an analysis of 97,915 homestay requests from BeWelcome and 285,444 homestay requests from Warm Showers showed general regularity — the less time is spent on writing a homestay request, the less is the probability of success.
It is argued that Warm Showers have a positive effect on rural communities in sense of memorable experience and spent money, where at least one host member exists.
Warm Showers is mentioned among the Melbourne's sharing economy providers as a social network for touring cyclists to coordinate free accommodation.
Warmshowers.org is mentioned as a form of sharing and gift economy, which is a growing trend in Western communities emphasising on connecting individuals to their communities, saving money, and being environmentally friendly.
Wolf Run rises on the West Branch Two Mile Run divide about 1 mile south of Haslets Corners, Pennsylvania in Venango County.
Wolf Run drains of area, receives about 44.4 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 434.12, and has an average water temperature of 8.11°C.
He dates the event to the year 318 of the Armenian calendar, corresponding to the years 869 and 870 of Anno Domini.
There are two earthquakes in Constantinople which were dated on the feast day of Demetrius of Thessaloniki, one dated to 26 October, 740 and the other to 26 October, 989.
The historian Tovma Artsruni (11th century) compared this earthquake to the 893 Dvin earthquake, reporting that it was less severe than its 893 counterpart.
Willdey engraved maps for Charles Price (with whom he partnered 1710-1713), Emanuel Bowen, Christopher Saxton, and Thomas Jeffreys, among many others.
Throughout his career he took on a number of apprentices, notably including many female apprentices which was unusual for the time.
His apprentices included William Gibbons (1709), Peter Elvin (1712), Hannah Martyn (1714), Susanna Ball (1715), Martha Short (1716), Walter Ray (1717), Edward Watkins (1717), Esther Sarazzin (1720), Isaac le Plastrier (1721), Rachel Jourdail (1722), Thomas Clarke (1724), Frances Willdey (1726)), Susanna Passavant (1728), Elizabeth Dupuy (1733) and Isaac King (1736).
The business was carried on for two years by his wife Judith Willdey and from 1739 by his son Thomas Willdey.
Ryan Scott Prince (born May 16, 1977) is a former American football tight end who played for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL).
The year 2013 is the 12th year in the history of Cage Warriors, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United Kingdom.
Chloe Morgan (born 12 December 1989) is an English football goalkeeper who plays for FA Women's Super League club Tottenham Hotspur.
In 2019 Morgan was among 11 of Spurs' existing players to be offered a full-time professional contract to remain with the club following their promotion to the FA Women's Super League.
She had started 18 of 20 league games in the 2018–19 FA Women's Championship campaign, in which Spurs finished as runners-up to Manchester United.
María Belén Benítez González (born 18 December 1995), known as Belén Benítez, is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a defender.
Her research focusses on sociocultural and historical anthropology, the social construction of race, class, gender, ethnicity; heritage resource management, and American, African American and African Diaspora culture.
Exhuming the Dead and Talking to the Living: The 1914 Fire at the Florida Industrial School for Boys—Invoking the Uncanny as a Site of Analysis.
In 2013 alone, they played in Odessa International Women Sevens (finishing in third place) and Amsterdam Sevens (finishing fifth out of sixteen teams).
In June 2013, she and the Georgian national sevens team, nicked named the Lady Lelos, went to Prague to compete in the Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Division A (then called the FIRA–AER Women's Sevens).
The Georgian Lady Sevens attended four tournaments in 2015: Ghent International Tournament, Nancy's Lady Sevens and Amsterdam Sevens, and the European Championship.
It was consisted of members of the parliament who did not join the conservative Hezbollah fraction, nor its opposition Hezbollah Assembly.
Most members of the fraction were unseated in the 2000 Iranian legislative election, as only ten managed to win the elections in their district.
The Ryusoulgers encounter a surviving member of the Gangler named Ganima Noshiagalda, who steals their Kishiryu partners and uses their powers against them.
Bamba and Towa ends up encountering Keiichiro Asaka of the Patrangers while Koh meets the Lupinrangers' Kairi Yano, with the three Super Sentai teams joining forces when Ganima teams up with the Druidon.
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind are scheduled to be described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.
The 1949 Maryland State Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1949 college football season.
In their second season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 8–0 record, shut out seven of eight opponents, outscored all opponents by a total of 310 to 8, and was ranked No.
The November 15 game against Trenton State Teachers College (now known as The College of New Jersey) was the first interracial game played on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
The World Theatre Training Institute AKT-ZENT was originally founded in 1995 as AKT-ZENT International Theatre Centre Berlin by Artistic Director Jurij Alschitz and Programme Director Christine Schmalor.
Since 2011, AKT-ZENT has operated as the principle research centre for training methods of the International Theatre Institute (ITI) – the World Organisation for the Performing Arts.
In 2017, the centre was renamed the World Theatre Training Institute to reflect new tasks and objectives within their broader educational remit and sphere of influence.
Between 1995 and 2009, AKT-ZENT conducted a three-year modular postgraduate programme in close partnership with the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in Moscow (GITIS).
From 1996 onwards, the organisation has since expanded to create a comprehensive training methodology including seminars, summer school academies, practical experimentation through laboratories, festival showcases and live performances.
Specialised training programmes for acting teachers and theatre pedagogues have been advanced to create a new methodological awareness of the teaching process itself thereby helping to foster innovation in the field of theatre education and to contribute to the upgrading of drama school teaching as a profession.
The bi-annual International Festival for Theatre Training Methods METHODIKA brings theatre makers together to exchange and discuss new training methods regarding teaching and rehearsal practice.
Since its inception in 1999, masters of directing and teaching like , Grigory Hlady, Oleg Koudriachov, Oleg Liptsin, Iwana Masaki, Peter Oskarson, Rimas Tuminas, Anatoly Vasiliev have shared their specific approaches of actors training with colleagues.
Salvatore Asta (17 January 2015 – 30 December 2004) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
Corey James Kispert (born March 3, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Gonzaga Bulldogs of the West Coast Conference (WCC).
As a junior, he averaged 23.9 points, 6.8 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 2.3 steals per game and led the team to their second straight state title and was named the MVP of the State Championship Tournament.
Rated a four-star recruit, Kispert committed to play college basketball at Gonzaga over Notre Dame and Virginia after his junior season.
As a true freshman Kispert played in all 35 of Gonzaga's games with seven starts, averaging 6.7 points and 3.2 rebounds per game.
Kispert entered his junior season on the Julius Erving Award watchlist and as Gonzaga's only returning starter from the previous year.
After scoring less than five points in his previous three games, Kispert scored 28 points and made seven of eight three point attempts on November 28, 2019 against Southern Mississippi in the opening round of the 2019 Battle 4 Atlantis.
This list of sports journalism awards is an index to articles that describe notable awards for sports journalism, including both broadcast and print media.
Alwadei Syndrome or Autosomal recessive mental retardation-61 (MRT61) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and variable abnormal facial features.
Sanokho spent his youth career with French clubs Gentilly AC, COSM Arcueil, Montrouge FC 92, UJA Maccabi Paris Métropole, and then Italian sides Spezia Calcio and Novara Calcio.
He travelled to England and signed a short-term contract with EFL League Two side Swindon Town in August 2019 after impressing manager Richie Wellens on a trial basis.
It is different from the Ferris wheel owned by Oscar Bruch from Germany that operated seasonally in Gdańsk before AmberSky's construction.
He was appointed Lutheran superintendent (bishop) in the Diocese of Stavanger in 1541, the first Lutheran bishop in Stavanger, and the second in Norway.
The Lone Rider in Ghost Town is a 1941 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Joseph O'Donnell.
Tom Cameron, also known as the Lone Rider, and his sidekick, Fuzzy Jones, are called in to investigate if a ghost town actually has real ghosts haunting it.
Huntly was born in Motherwell in North Lanarkshire and, from 1948 to 1953, was a student at the Harrow School of Art and then studied at the Hornsey School of Art for a year.
For the next six years, Huntly worked as a teacher in Maldon and then in Worcester before concentrating on her art.
Huntly participated in group exhibitions at galleries in Bath, at Stow-on-the-Wold, with the Société des Pastellistes Français in Paris, at the FCA Gallery in Vancouver and at the Mystic Maritime Museum of Connecticut.
From 1990 onwards Huntly has been a regular exhibitor at venues in Wales, notably in numerious group exhibitions at the Albany Gallery in Cardiff, at Oriel Tegfryn in Menai Bridge and also at St David's Hall in Cardiff.
An exhibition of her Welsh landscapes were shown at Mold in 1978 and also in a solo exhibition at the Royal West of England Academy in 2003.
Among the awards won by Huntly are the 1985 Winsor & Newton Award, the first prize in the 1986 Laing National Painting Competition and both the 1992 and 1993 Manya Igel Fine Arts Award.
Huntly is a member of the Royal Society of Marine Artists, the Royal West of England Academy, the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and is a former president of The Pastel Society.
Born in Linz, Schulz was born as the fourth child of a family of musicians and studied with Franz Samohyl at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Sándor Végh at the Robert Schumann Hochschule Düsseldorf and Shmuel Ashkenasi in the USA.
He was involved in the founding of the Salzburg String Trio and the Schulz Ensemble and was first violinist of the Düsseldorf String Quartet.
Since 1980 Schulz has been Professor of Violin at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna and since 1993 he has also been Visiting scholar for chamber music at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln.
He was a member of the Alban Berg Quartet with whom he played for more than 30 years in the most important music centres of the world.
He made his debut as a conductor in November 2009 with the Copenhagen Philharmonic and since then has dedicated himself to working with his students.
Badalingchangcheng railway station (), also known as Badaling Great Wall railway station, is a railway station in Badaling scenic area, Yanqing District, Beijing.
The station hall started construction on to build an underground high-speed railway station on the Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway (Part of ) opened on Dec 30, 2019.
The platforms and the station building are beneath the Great Wall and located below the surface, making it the deepest high-speed railway station in the world.
Putnam, Bell & Russell law offices began as the law office of William Whiting (1838-1845), followed by Whiting & Russell (1845-1873).
In 1873, the firm reforged as Russell & Putnam (1873-1896), when George Putnam II (1834-1912), a member of the elite Boston Brahmins family Putnam, joined William Russell.
William Lowell Putnam served as counsel to the American Telephone and Telegraph Company when its headquarters were in Boston and remained on the company's board of directors when it moved headquarters to New York City.
William Lowell Putnam II was a banker as well as lawyer who married Elizabeth Lowell, handled a large part of the Lowell family's finances, and served as primary lawyer for both Percival Lowell and the Lowell Observatory while working as a partner at the well-regarded law firm of (then) Putnam, Putnam & Bell.
After clerking to Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes and working in the law office of Hale & Grinnell, Harvey Hollister Bundy joined Putnam, Putnam & Bell in 1916, where he worked through 1917.
In 1917, he also married Katherine Lawrence Putnam, daughter of William Lowell Putnam and niece to Harvard president Abbott Lawrence Lowell.
In 1919, Bundy rejoined Putnam, Putnam & Bell, which became Putnam, Bell, Dutch & Santry after Charles F. Dutch and Arthur J. Santry became partners.
In 1968, he and four others (William Sloane Coffin, Marcus Raskin, Mitchell Goodman, and Michael Ferber) were singled out for prosecution by US Attorney General Ramsey Clark on charges of conspiracy to counsel, aid, and abet resistance to the draft.
Spock's legal team included Leonard Boudin with Victor Rabinowitz of Rabinowitz, Boudin & Standard (New York City) and Allan R. Rosenberg of Putnam, Bell & Russell (Boston).
From 1941 to 1945 the regiment received 10 campaign battle stars and 5 Combat Landing Arrowheads for service during World War II.
From 1941 to 1945 the 36th Engineer Combat Regiment received 10 campaign battle stars and 5 Combat Landing Arrowheads for combat in Algeris-French Morocco, Tunisia, Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno, Southern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, Central Europe.
On 29 April 1947, the 2828th was redesignated as the 19th Engineer Combat Battalion and on 9 July 1952 the battalion was activated at Fort Meade, Maryland.
The men blasted heavy ice from two gorges out of French Creek just in time to prevent spillage over the banks.
In September 1965, the battalion made an amphibious landing on the beaches of Qui Nhon.The 19th Combat Engineer Battalion developed 20 miles of roads and a 25-unit permanent heliport near Qui Nhon in preparation for the arrival of South Korea's Tiger Division, which would be quartered in the area.
We also constructed a bridge over a branch of the Song Ba river not far from Qui Nhon in November 1965 for use by the Korean troops.
The primary mission of the 19th was to upgrade highway QL-1 from virtually a dirt trail, to a class 31 all-weather road, from Qui Nhon north to Bong Son.
On 22 July 1968, 12 soldiers from the 19th were killed when the heavy equipment platoon of the 137th Light Equipment Company was ambushed on the outskirts of Tam Quan.
In January and February 1991 the 19th Engineer Battalion provided support to the 1st Armored Division to their Forward Assembly area in Saudi Arabia.
As part of the 76th Engineer Company, the 19th Engineer Battalion deployed with two separate detachments, one to Bagram Airfield in December 2006, and one to Forward Operating Base (FOB) Salerno, Afghanistan in February 2007.
Limpenhoe is a small village in the English county of Norfolk located on the north bank of the River Yare, between the villages of Cantley and Reedham.
It belongs to the parish of Cantley, Limpenhoe and Southwood and lies some 8.2 miles (13.2 km) south-west of Great Yarmouth and 10.8 miles (17.4 km) south-east of Norwich.
Limpenhoe is home to Limpenhoe Meadows, a site of Special Scientific Interest and the church of St Boltolph, a village hall and a private fishing lake.
According to the local legend of Callow Pit, the handle on the door of St Boltolphs church was originally from a treasure chest guarded by the devil in a nearby bog.
Situated within the marshes of Limpenhoe is a drainage mill first commissioned by William Thorold in 1831, however it requires extensive restoration.
All the wings bright yellow, with a delicate rosy tint, the distal margin being black; forewing divided by 2 black transverse bands into 3 areas of nearly equal size.
The 2019–20 Texas–Rio Grande Valley Vaqueros men's basketball team represent the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Vaqueros, led by 4th-year head coach Lew Hill, play their home games at the UTRGV Fieldhouse in Riverside, California as members of the Western Athletic Conference.
In the WAC Tournament, they defeated Cal State Bakersfield in the quarterfinals, before falling to top-seeded New Mexico State in the semifinals.
They were invited to the CIT, where they defeated Grambling State in the first round, before falling to Texas Southern in the second round.
She studied fine arts at the California School of Fine Arts in 1951 and 1952, working with Elmer Bischoff, David Park and Hassel Smith.
Adelie Landis worked as a psychiatric nurse at McLean Hospital from 1947 to 1948, before she moved to California to pursue a career in art.
Landis Bischoff was considered an artist of the San Francisco Abstract Expressionist movement, but she also worked in the Bay Area Figurative Movement.
She built a new home in Oakland, designed by architect Stanley Saitowitz, and continued painting and exhibiting new works into her late eighties.
Works by Adelie Landis Bischoff are held in the collections of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Library of Congress, Bryn Mawr College, and the University of California Art Museum.
The 1950 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1950 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 8–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 361 to 32.
In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00).
During the 1950 season, Polk scored 13 touchdowns for 78 points and totaled 1,275 rushing yards on 79 carries, an average of 16.1 yards per carry.
The FCC participated in a meeting on 15 June 2019 at which the Dynamiques de la société civile, an alliance of trade unions, civil society groups and individuals who aim to coordinate their Hirak actions of reorganising the political structure of the Algerian state, from which the Wasilla network had withdrawn on the grounds of the lack of a clear support for equality between women and men.
The main outcome of the meeting was a plan to create a panel of well-respected people for discussions with the government and for the holding of a presidential election.
On 17 July, the FCC proposed a 13-member dialogue panel, including , , , , , Fatiha Benabou, Nacer Djabi, , Islam Benattia, Lyes Merabet, Nafissa Lahrèche, Smaaïl Lalmas and Aïcha Zenaï.. Abderrahmane Arar stated in a press conference that all thirteen had agreed to participate in the panel.
Dowell emerged as a promising prospect while playing for Benjamin Bosse High School in his hometown of Evansville, Indiana, leading his team to a 51–2 record during his final two years with the team.
Dowell was selected in the 1987 NBA draft by the Washington Bullets as the 37th overall pick although he never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
He spent one season with the Rapid City Thrillers of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) before an achilles tendon injury ended his career.
The characters in the book were partly inspired by the many Filipina domestic workers she met who shared her ethnic background but lacked the opportunities she herself had.
Jane is a Filipino domestic worker and single mother living in a dormitory in New York, with her infant daughter Amalia.
Once there, she befriends other Hosts like Reagan, a white college-graduate who agrees to be a Host to achieve a sense of meaning in her life, and Lisa, a 3rd-time Host who is increasingly disillusioned with Golden Oaks.
Moreover, she gets into trouble with Mae, Golden Oak’s executive manager, resulting in a cancellation of Jane’s scheduled visit with Amalia.
Meanwhile, Reagan is angered by the fact that they used an actor to pretend to be Reagan’s client in order to give her a false sense of purpose.
She is directed to a nearby hospital, where she finds that it is not Amalia but Evelyn who is critically ill. On returning to her dorm, she finds Mae there, as she had correctly guessed that she would return.
Its characters articulate both sides of the surrogacy argument: one, that it is commodification of women, and the other, that it is an act of benevolence.
The novel examines how feminism works differently across class lines: Clients are extremely wealthy, successful women, while the Hosts are largely financially weak women of color.
Additionally, the novel re-examines the idea of the American Dream and how success in America also depends on happenstance and luck, which many immigrants never experience.
It's a breezy novel full of types (the Shark, the Dreamer, the Rebel, the Saint), and veers, not always successfully, from earnestness into satire.
A report in 1980 described the Almara villagers as people who considered it polite to squat when one is taking a meal or when one is in the presence of his or her elderly relatives.
On 20 June 2019, It was announced that after the first episode of Series 27, McGuinness and Flintoff would return for yet another series alongside Harris.
On 11 July 2019, it was announced that the trio would return in a one-off Christmas Special, the first Top Gear special since the , and the first since the departure of Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May.
Mohammad Hassan Khan Iravani, originally Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar-Ziyadlu 'Sardar-e Iravan', was a Qajar notable and political figure in 19th century Iran during the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar and Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar.
Mixed team curling at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics was held from 10 to 16 January at the Palladium de Champéry in Champéry, Switzerland.
Streets named after Ferdinand Foch can be found in many cities of France and in many other places around the world.
Built between 1976-83, it is considered one of the primary works of the Dutch architect Theo Bosch, completed in association with Aldo Van Eyck.
It currently houses lecture halls for the Faculty of Humanities, much like the historic Bungehuis building down the street on the Spuistraat.
It is named after the historian, poet and playwright Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (1581-1647), because the former home In den Huypot of the Hooft family stood at this location.
Until 1979, the site of the PC Hoofthuis was occupied by the former Twentsche Bank, built in 1874, which merged in 1964 with the Algemene Bank Nederland.
Van Eyck and Bosch worked on the building together until they dissolved their partnership under design disagreements in 1982; Bosch subsequently finished the building the next year alone.
Lecture rooms sit on either side of the corridors and are separated from the hallways by a glass wall, which makes them easy to see into.
In fact, the glass partitions between the lecture halls and corridors did not exist originally, as the intention was that one could catch various fragments of lectures while walking down the corridors and decide whether one wanted to keep listening.
This scheme was abandoned when it became apparent that the lectures would be disturbed by the noise in the corridors, which must have also made it more difficult for the audience to hear the lecture.
Lecture halls are located on the first to the seventh floors and the offices of various departments are also located in the building.
The first and second floors also contain a portion of the Arts Library, which a study center is located on the ground floor and the third floor contains a canteen.
As part of the University of Amsterdam protests in the fall of 2018, on 28 September the PC Hoofthuis was occupied by belligerent students.
In detail various rock types are distinguished in the Kiruna porphyry such as trachyandesite lava and quartz-bearing porphyry of rhyolitic composition.
The former is found on the foot wall of the Kiruna iron ore body, while the latter is found in the hanging wall.
The Haparanda Series of rocks found to east near the Sweden-Finland border are tought to have the same origin as the Kiruna porphyry.
This page lists things named after Joe Biden, former six-term United States Senator from Delaware and two-term Vice President of the United States.
This is a list of player transfers involving Pro14 rugby union teams between the end of the 2019–20 season and the end of the 2020–21 season.
The 2001 NCAA Division II Men's Soccer Championship was the 30th annual tournament held by the NCAA to determine the top men's Division II college soccer program in the United States.
Cultural and Conference Center of Heraklion (), also Cultural and Conference Center of Crete (Πολιτιστικό και Συνεδριακό Κέντρο Κρήτης), is a centre for the performing arts in Heraklion, Greece.
Additional spaces include administrative offices, guest rooms, workshops, warehouses, dressing rooms, instrument storage rooms, test rooms, VIP rooms, a restaurant, ATM, shops, car parks, etc.
The Taming of the Shrew (Italian: La bisbetica domata) is a 1942 Italian comedy film directed by Ferdinando Maria Poggioli and starring Amedeo Nazzari, Lilia Silvi and Lauro Gazzolo.
Hare worked in Australia and was medical superintendent of Charters Towers Hospital and resident medical officer of the Brisbane General Hospital.
However, medical experts criticized the concept of hyperpyraemia because it was not clearly defined and Hare provided no direct evidence for its existence.
The reviewer noted that hyperpyraemia has no chemical basis or evidence to support it and that he did not have a proper theory, only an assumption.
The discovery of the Glenn Pool Oil Reserve in 1905 brought the first major oil pipelines into Oklahoma, and instigated the first large scale oil boom in the state.
Located near what was—at the time—the small town of Tulsa, Oklahoma, the resultant establishment of the oil fields in the area contributed greatly to the early growth and success of the city, as Tulsa became the petroleum and transportation center of the state, and the world.
Several Creek Indian land allotment owners became millionaires; Oklahoma became the world's largest oil producer for years; and the area benefited from the generation of more wealth than the California Gold Rush and Nevada Silver Rush combined, as well as the increased investment capital and industrial infrastructure the boom brought with it.
At the turn of the 20th century, the federal government dissolved tribal land claims of the Indian Territory in favor of a distribution of parcels to private owners.
Robert Galbreath, a speculator and wildcatter, began prospecting in the area in 1901, and made an initial agreement that year with the recipient of one of these land allotments, Ida Glenn (she being a Creek native) and her husband, Robert, to drill for oil on their farmland.
Gilbreath, a veteran of the earlier Red Fork boom, wished to avoid the chaos which had followed that prior discovery and attempted to keep the drilling and subsequent discovery a secret, but to no avail.
Wildcat drilling took place over a wide area, which had the effect of quickly defining the core lay-out of the reserve, an area roughly four miles by two miles with a slope of about 40 feet per mile, and an average field thickness of 100 feet.
The Glenn Pool Oil Reserve held an estimated 1 billion bbls of oil in place, with ultimate recoverable reserves of 400+ million bbls.
Gas depletion caused by massive venting, however, decreased the gas pressure over the same period and the pumping for oil collection then became necessary.
Total field production by 1907 exceeded , making Oklahoma that year the leading producer of oil, not only in the US, but any country in the world.
Due to this unclean method of storage, the product from the reserve often sold for as little as 25 cents per barrel.
Oklahoma Natural Gas, Prairie Oil and Gas Company, Gulf Oil Company, and the Texas Company quickly built large-diameter pipelines into the area which by 1908 alleviated much of the infrastructure problems the rapid boom had caused.
Several of the Creek Nation land allotment owners in the vicinity became rich, almost overnight, and received regular royalty payments of over a million dollars a year following the discovery.
One next-door neighbor of the Glenns, Thomas Gilcrease, became a multi-millionaire as a result of the oil production, and had 32 producing wells on his farm by 1917.
Harry Ford Sinclair (founder of Sinclair Oil and Refining Company) and J. Paul Getty (founder of Getty Oil Company) both got their start during the Glenn Pool boom.
The town of Glenpool, Oklahoma, was founded in 1906 as support for the fledgling oil industry in the area, and had over 500 inhabitants by 1910.
Galbreath and Chesley sold their interests in their original wells to an oilman, Charles Colcord, and continued looking for oil elsewhere.
The PBVSI is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC), as well as the volleyball sports in the National Sports Committee of Indonesia.
In order to realize this idea, the IPVOS board finally sent someone to meet with the board of the Indonesian Olympic Committee in Jakarta.
The 2019–20 Four Hills Tournament, part of the 2019–20 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup, took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 28 December 2019 and 6 January 2020.
Shimla Mirchi () is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Ramesh Sippy, starring Hema Malini, Rajkummar Rao and Rakul Preet Singh.
His PhD considered the impact of climate change on young people and how communities can build resilience to mitigate its effects.
He formed the environmental movement after Caribbean residents started to exploit the King's Hill Forest Reserve in response to increasing unemployment.
Prior to 1972, 95% of the island were employed, but after the 1973 oil crisis hit and fuel costs increased the agricultural estates closed down.
The King's Hill Forest Reserve was established in 1791, and is one of the oldest forest reserves in the Western hemisphere.
He helped to initiate several projects relating to clean water and conservation, including teaching children at a local daycare centre and leading them on clean up campaigns.
The CYEN has continued to develop, teaching young people from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to be more vocal advocates for the protection of their islands.
Together Simmons and the CYEN have monitored the changing environment of the Caribbean, with an increase in hurricanes, more intense rainy seasons and bleaching of coral reefs.
CYEN have gone on to hold annual congresses; which have become the largest and most consistent young environmental conventions in the Caribbean.
He has worked with the United Nations Environment Programme on similar initiatives, encouraging young people all around the world to be more environmentally conscious.
The 1996 NCAA Division I softball season, play of college softball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began in February 1996.
The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 1996 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament and 1996 Women's College World Series.
The Women's College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held in Columbus, Georgia at Golden Park, ended on May 27, 1996.
Amir Hossein Esmaeilzadeh (; born 25 January 2000) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Defender for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
He made his debut for Pars Jonoubi in 11th fixtures of 2019–20 Iran Pro League against Paykan.It was his debut in Iran Pro League too.
The body colour and pattern changes with age and mature males in what is known as the terminal-phase are similar to the above desription but have a larger and prominent red spot on the upper part of the base of the caudal fin.
The lemon-striped pygmy hogfish occurs where there are gentle reef slopes over substrates consisting of clean rubble where there is a strong current.
Their engine, based on the V8 from 450S was also a basis for the Race of Two Worlds Maserati race car but with a shorter stroke to fit the Indy regulations.
By the end of the 1957 Formula One season, after securing World Championship won with Juan Manuel Fangio, Maserati withdrew from racing as a factory entrant.
This decision was mainly dictated by financial situation but allowed Maserati to pursue building road and racing cars for private customers.
For the second edition of the 500 Miles of Monza, Maserati was commissioned the creation of a suitable car to compete against American entries.
His opposition for the race was mainly of American Indy racers with three Ferraris, a pair of Jaguar D-Types and the unique Lister–Jaguar.
The change towards race cars commissions was ideal for privateer such as Gino Zanetti as it would allow him to promote his business and meant a lucrative deal for Maserati.
The race car was not only adorned with a sponsor's logo but the entire car was painted in desired, company colours with the company trademarks added along the sides and front, with the company names and young cowboy logos featured multiple times all over the car.
This decision was monumental in motorsport history and would soon open a flood-gates of sponsorship deals and financial bakers from outside the race car world.
Further the hood scoop was reduced and an additional, mandatory roll bar installed when the car raced at the Indianapolis 500.
The twin cam 90° V8 was modified with a shorter stroke to reduce the displacement to so it could also meet the Indy 500 technical regulations.
Both the engine and transmission were offset to the left by , with a better weight distribution in mind, taking into account the high banked corners at Monza.
To reduce the weight, the alloy used was magnesium, along with Firestone 18-inch braided tread tires filled with helium to save as much weight as possible.
The Race of Two Worlds was first held in 1957, as an attempt for the European and American race cars to compete on the same track.
During the final heat, being fourth overall, his steering broke on 41st lap and the car went into the rails at around .
Even though he could achieve a third place on the podium the overall score was a seventh place overall, taking into account all the heats and the total number of laps finished.
The race itself was partially a success in terms of a spectator numbers but it was not organised for the 1959 season.
Wilbur Shaw almost scored a victory for the third time in 1941, but was forced to withdraw with a broken wheel.
He represented Germany at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the gold medal in the men's shot put F33 event.
At the 2014 European Championships he won the gold medals in the men's discus throw F34 and in the men's javelin throw F34 events.
Two years later he won two silver medals: both in the men's shot put F33 event and in the men's discus throw F34 event.
At the World Championships he won the bronze medal in 2015 in the men's shot put F33 event and in 2017 he won the silver medal in the men's shot put F33 event.
The President's Medal of the IOP is awarded by the Institute of Physics (IOP), with a maximum of two per presidency.
The Bras des Angers (English: arm of Angers) is a tributary of the Pikauba River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The surface of the Bras des Angers is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.
The Angers branch rises at the confluence of two forest streams (altitude: ) in a forest area in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.
From the mouth of the Angers arm, the current successively follows the course of the Pikauba River on generally towards the north, crosses Kenogami Lake on northeasterly to barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on eastward, then northeasterly and course of the Saguenay River on eastward to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The platform for the S45 are on the lower level while platforms for the S1, S2, S3, S4, and S7 are on the upper level, adjacent to the U-Bahn platforms.
The Coast 34 is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Bruce Roberts and Grahame Shannon as a cruiser and first built in 1980.
The design was possibly first built by Clearwater Marine and was later constructed by Cape Marine and Windward Marine in Canada, but it is now out of production.
The Coast 34 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with a foam core used in the hull above the waterline.
The design has a masthead sloop rig, or optional cutter rig, with aluminum spars, a spooned raked stem, a rounded bulbous transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.
The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted and a draft of with the optional shoal draft keel.
The boat was factory-fitted with a Japanese Yanmar 3GM diesel engine of for docking and maneuvering, with a Volvo engine optional.
The galley is on the port side at the foot of the companionway steps and includes a three burner gimbal-mounted propane-fuelled stove.
The head is forward on the port side, just aft of the bow cabin and includes a shower with a grated drain.
Anthony Ivor Colorito (born September 8, 1964) is a former football player for the Denver Broncos in the National Football League.
He then attended USC, where he was an All American in football for the USC Trojans, and was an all-conference selection in his final season.
1904 FC previously attempted to play professionally in both the North American Soccer League and United Soccer League with neither effort coming to fruition.
In front of a crowd of nearly 3,000, the team won its first league game, 3-1, with a pair of goals by Lorenzo Ramirez Jr. and a third from Billy Garton via a penalty kick.
A second win at home the following week over Oakland Roots SC, 4-3, was the last time the team earned points during the fall as it went on to lose its next three games, finished in third place and missed the West Coast playoffs.
1904 FC will enter the 2020 U.S. Open Cup with the rest of the National Independent Soccer Association teams in the Second Round.
It was announced on 29 January that their first opponent would be either National Premier Soccer League side ASC San Diego or local qualifier Chula Vista FC.
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.
In the 1680s came maps of Lombardy, Kingdom of Sicily, Qing China, Tartary, Greece, the Moluccas, India and parts of Europe.
Cronic served as the head football coach at Reinhardt University in Waleska, Georgia from 2015 to 2016 and Lenoir–Rhyne University in Hickory, North Carolina from 2018 to 2019.
The 2019 Conference USA Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for Conference USA held from November 6 through November 10, 2019.
The defending champions were the North Texas Mean Green, who defended their title after defeating the Florida Atlantic Owls in the final.
The conference championship was the fourth for the North Texas women's soccer program, all four of which have come under the direction of head coach John Hedlund.
Born in 1991, he finished the tenth grade from Baba Jogi Peer Public Senior Secondary School and then graduated from a nearby college.
The 2020 Orange County Board of Supervisors elections will be held on March 3, 2020 as part of the primary election on March 3, 2020.
A two-round system will be used for the election, starting with the first round in March; followed by a runoff in November between the top-two candidates in each district.
The Jewish Museum of the American West is an online museum sponsored by the Western States Jewish History Association dedicated to telling the stories of the participation of Jews in the development of the American West and why they were so successful.
It was established in 2013 by Gladys Sturman and David W. Epstein of the Western States Jewish History Association as a continuation of its journal published from 1968 to 2018.
The hills lie within the eastern portion of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in an area where the Souris River Formation overlays the Precambrian bedrock.
During the Quaternary period, when the ice sheets advanced and retreated, these raised areas of bedrock snagged more glacial till than their surroundings, further increasing their height.
The reserve protects the riparian zone of the Armit River and the adjacent uplands containing spruce forest, sphagnum meadows and fescue prairie.
The 1950 Xavier Gold Rush football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University of Louisiana in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference during the 1950 college football season.
Christ Church, Cheltenham is an Anglican church and congregation located at Christchurch and Malvern Roads, in the Lansdown section of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom.
The Gothic Revival church building was designed by architects Robert W. & Charles Jearrad, construction began in November 1837, and the church was concecrated on 21 January 1840.
The printer is the lowest cost machine produced by Prusa Research and is designed as a first printer or as part of a 'print farm'.
The printer has a color LCD display, is able to print via ethernet or Wi-Fi (as a separate upgrade) or USB drives.
The printer is the first open source hardware product to require the user to physically break off a piece of the PCB to flash new firmware onto the board.
The company introduce the process to ensure users understood they were voiding the warranty of the printer and removing safety features e.g thermal runaway protections.
Etiko was born in Udi, a village located precisely in Enugu state, a southeastern geographical area of Nigeria occupied predominantly by the igbo people of Nigeria.
Etiko in bid to obtain a university degree relocated to Anambra state then applied to study Theater Arts In Nnamdi Azikiwe University located in Awka.
Etiko described in an interview with Vanguard, a Nigerian print media, that after registering with the Actors Guild of Nigeria she ventured into the Nigerian movie industry commonly known as Nollywood in 2011 and described her experience then as a difficult one because she had to combine her acting career with her school recruitments as she was still a student at the time.
Unlike what has become the norm in the Nigerian movie industry which is relocating to Lagos state in order to succeed as a creative, Etiko who was born in Enugu state, still resides there and has been living there throughout the course of her acting career.
Etiko in an interview affirmed that she had been a victim of sexual harassment against women by male movie producers who are by far the majority as pertains movie productions in Nigeria.
The facility, which was designed by William Jacomb Gibbon and Walter Henry Woodroffe as an isolation hospital, was completed in 1889.
After one ward was badly damaged by two bombs in November 1940 during the Second World War, it joined the National Health Service in 1948.
In the 1960s the hospital became more focused on geriatric work and new facilities were opened by Princess Alexandra in February 1969.
The 2019-20 North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey season was the 78th season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
Leibovitz earned her Bachelor of Arts from Brown University in 1981, and her Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1985.
She joined the faculty of Georgetown University Law Center in 1997, where she served as an adjunct professor of Trial Advocacy until 2006.
On May 14, 2001, President George W. Bush nominated Leibovitz to be an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Stephen G. Milliken.
In 2010, judge Leibovitz presided over the Murder case of Robert Eric Wone, she found the three men involved not guilty on charges of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and tampering with evidence.
Bradford Ryan Lundblade (born September 21, 1995) is an American football center for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL).
Lundblade was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent on May 4, 2018, but was waived three days later.
The district is located entirely within West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, and overlaps with the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates.
The Royal Commission on London Traffic was a Royal commission established in 1903 with a remit to review and report on how transport systems should be developed for London and the surrounding area.
It produced a report in eight volumes published in 1905 and made recommendations on the character, administration and routing of traffic in London.
(b) as to the desirability of establishing some authority or tribunal to which all schemes of Railway or Tramway construction of a local character should be referred, and the powers which it could be advisable to confer on such a body.
The area of the Commission's scope covered the Metropolitan Police District, an area of and a population of more than 6.5 million in 1901.
Members of the Commission carried out fact-finding visits to New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Washington in 1903 and to Vienna, Budapest, Prague, Cologne, Dresden, Berlin, Brussels and Paris in 1904.
The board consisted of Sir John Wolfe Barry (also a member of the Commission), Sir Benjamin Baker, former President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and William Barclay Parsons, Chief Engineer to the Board of Rapid Transit Railroad Commissioners of the City of New York.
The Commission set itself three questions with regard to the provision of railways: were additional railways needed in the London area and should they be deep-level, sub-surface or surface lines; were the existing services sufficient and was special encouragement or assistance needed for future railway construction.
It made recommendations for improvements to roads within London's central area and arterial roads; for improvements in tramways including new routes and for improvements in railways of all types including their connections to one another.
Recommendations were made as on road traffic regulations and the Commission recommended the establishment of a Traffic Board to manage traffic developments in the Greater London area and carry out preliminary reviews of bills for traffic schemes before they were submitted to parliament.
The Report identified that road traffic was constrained by the narrowness of many of London's roads which reflected the historic development of the city.
The Report recommended that a comprehensive plan should be developed to improve road provision and routing to be carried out over the long term and that new roads should be constructed to standard widths depending on their importance and that existing main routes should be widened when possible.
These would be wide between buildings with four tram lines on the road and four railway lines in a sub-surface tunnel immediately beneath.
Two of the tram lines and two of the railway lines would be for express services and service tunnels would be provided for utilities beneath the wide pavements.
Definitive routes were not proposed, but the Report recognised that the scale of the projects would require them to be carried out as a complete exercise.
The cost of both Main Avenues was estimated to be £30 million (equivalent to approximately £ today) for the of new roads, tramways and railways.
The Report indicated that there were many other roads and junctions that required improvements including for main roads leading out of London.
For the latter the Report recommended that this should be a responsibility for the Traffic Board to report on when established.
The report criticised the London County Council's (LCC's) policy of refusing to allow the privately owned tramways operating outside the county's boundary to connect to and operate over its municipally owned system within.
It also criticised the failure of the County to join its three separate systems together and to allow trams in the central areas of the City of London and the West End.
The Report recommended that interconnection of the existing tramways be undertaken and recommended construction of many new routes in areas not served and that through running of services between different operators be allowed.
The Report recommended that vetos held by the London County Council and the municipal boroughs within it over the construction of new tramways should be abolished.
The Advisory Board recommended the construction of 23 new tramways to connect the separate systems and bring trams to unserved areas.
It estimated that the cost of constructing double line tramways was four to five per cent of the cost of constructing a cut and cover line such as the Metropolitan Railway or 13 to 17 per cent of the cost of a deep-level tube line such as the Central London Railway.
With the exception of the southern end of Route 1 and the northern parts of Routes 6 and 23 which crossed the county boundary, all of the routes were in the County of London.
The Report noted that the Commission considered that the purpose of railways was to bring passengers from the residential districts into the urban centre.
The Commission excluded railway goods traffic from its consideration noting only that the distribution of most retail goods within the centre on London was by road as the railways could not compete due to convenience and cost.
A desire was expressed that this was better organised to reduce its contribution on traffic congestion, but no solution was proposed.
The report noted that most suburban and long distance passengers arrived at the same termini and that the governments policy of prohibited railways from entering central London meant that the many railway companies then in operation had developed a messy network of lines in the periphery to connect to one another.
Bartley felt that the main report did not go far enough in its recommendations and he wanted the full adoption of the Advisory Board's recommendation for the construction of a pair of grand avenues.
Gibb's additional recommendation was that part of the route of the then under construction Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway should be merged with a planned route from the Central London Railway to form a looping line.
The event was held in Beijing, China.It was the third edition of the World Team Championship run by the World Pool Association.
The defending champion was the Taiwan team who won the 2012 World Team Championship, but they lost in the quarter-finals to the Filipino team.
The 2020 Arkansas Razorbacks football team will represent the University of Arkansas in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
This will be the first year since War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock opened that the Razorbacks will not play at least one home game in that stadium, although they will play the annual Red/White Spring Game at War Memorial in April at the conclusion of spring practice.
Arkansas will play as a member of the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and will be led by first-year head coach Sam Pittman.
The Razorbacks finished the 2019 season 2–10, 0–8 in SEC play, for the second consecutive year, to finish in last place in the Western Division.
After the Razorbacks' tenth game of the season, a loss to Western Kentucky that dropped the Hogs to 2–8, second-year head coach Chad Morris was fired.
The Razorbacks' 2020 schedule will consist of 7 home games, 4 away games, and 1 neutral site game in the regular season.
The Razorbacks will host SEC foes Alabama, LSU, Tennessee, and Ole Miss, and will travel to face Mississippi State, Auburn, and Missouri.
Arkansas will face Texas A&M in Arlington, Texas for the seventh year in a row, and the tenth time in the last twelve games.
Arkansas will host three of its four non-conference games: against Nevada from the Mountain West Conference, Charleston Southern from the Big South Conference, and Louisiana–Monroe from the Sun Belt Conference.
A minor when he ascended the throne, Vijaya succeeded upon the assassination of his predecessor Pratap Manikya II, who may have been his father.
He appears to have spent his reign under the control of his maternal uncle, the army chief Daityanarayan, who was the true power in the kingdom.
However, Vijaya seems to have only held the throne briefly and died young, with the coinage minted the following year bearing the name of Pratap's younger brother Mukut Manikya.
He currently serves as a deputy for defence minister, having previously held office as a member of the Parliament, and a member of its national security and foreign policy commission.
Eleven Men and a Ball (Italian: 11 uomini e un pallone) is a 1948 Italian sports comedy film directed by Giorgio Simonelli and starring Carlo Dapporto, Carlo Campanini and Clelia Matania.
To prevent a gifted player performing for his team in a decisive match, the opposing club go to greatlengths to try to avoid him making it to the game.
The sets of 1979 – 1981 and exceeded 100 people, not all of whom, however, remained after the first year: for example, out of more than 120 people recruited in 1980 , about 60 remained.
This is due to both the very high level of difficulty of the material taught and the fact that students were forced to study at other institutes at the same time and not everyone could withstand this pace.
Classes were held in various classrooms throughout Moscow, at the school where Subbotovskaya worked, some classes for senior courses were held in Bella Abramovna's apartment.
Luis Alberto Guerrero Reyes (died 10 May 2004) was a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of Los Zetas, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
In 1999, he deserted from the military and joined the Gulf Cartel under kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, becoming one of the first members of its newly-formed paramilitary wing, Los Zetas.
Known for his arrogance and violent behavior, Guerrero Reyes was a suspect in multiple murders, including that of his girlfriend and wife.
In 2004, he was killed in a drive-by shooting by unknown assailants along with four other people after he left a discotheque in Matamoros.
Guerrero Reyes joined the Mexican Army on 1 March 1987 as an infantry soldier of the 70th Infantry Battalion in the Mexican state of Puebla.
He was promoted to corporal soldier in the infantry division on 1 November 1990 and was assigned to lead a small squadron of five soldiers.
In addition to the BFP, Guerrero Reyes also received special forces training as a member of the elite Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE).
When Guerrero Reyes joined Los Zetas, the group's purpose was to provide security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carry out executions on the cartel's behalf.
Over the years, Los Zetas underwent organizational changes and became increasingly involved in other criminal activities alongside the Gulf Cartel, including drug trafficking.
With the collaboration of several Gulf Cartel and Zetas members, Guerrero Reyes forged alliances with South American drug suppliers like Andrea Posada Williamson (Cárdenas Guillén's mistress), Rubén Darío Nieto Benjumea, Elkin Fernando Cano Villa and Edwin Torrado.
Guerrero Reyes is often cited as one of the founding members of Los Zetas who was reportedly part of the Grupo de los 14 (English: Group of 14), who were the first fourteen Zetas members.
Under the instruction of Guzmán Decena, Guerrero Reyes and former Army lieutenant Carlos Hau Castañeda led Los Zetas's first training course at a farm known as Punta Selva in Matamoros.
Guerrero Reyes provided instruction on how to use AK-47s, AR-15s with grenade launchers, .50-calibre machine guns, ambushes, rapid deployment, prisoner rescue, counter-insurgency, intelligence gathering, marksmanship, aerial assault tactics, and surveillance and advanced communication techniques.
These sessions in Matamoros lasted until September 2001, when Cárdenas Guillén ordered them to be moved to Nuevo León and other parts of Tamaulipas.
The first one occurred in Matamoros on 27 December 2002, when approximately fifty Zetas members stormed the Federal Social Readaptation Center No.
Investigators stated that the Zetas went into the prison dressed in police uniforms and driving vehicles similar to those from the Army.
Once inside the prison, they identified themselves as federal officers and showed the prison staff a forged documentation ordering the release of four individuals.
On 18 June 2003, Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) placed an unspecified bounty on 31 members of Los Zetas, including Guerrero Reyes.
This announcement was made after the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO) identified him as a high-ranking member of Los Zetas following 14 March arrest of Cárdenas Guillén.
Unlike other Zetas members who voluntarily requested their release from the military, Guerrero Reyes had deserted and joined organized crime, which is considered high treason in a military court.
Guerrero Reyes was wanted by the PGR, the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) and the Secretariat of Public Security (SSP) for his outstanding charges.
Known for his arrogance and violent behavior, Guerrero Reyes had an arrest warrant issued for his suspected involvement in multiple killings from 12 February to 10 March 2003.
He was suspected of killing his girlfriend Erica Edith González, who was found dead in the rural community of La Venada along with two other people, and of his wife Jovanna Lizbeth Melchor Ceballos, who was killed with another man.
López Falcón was a former member of the Gulf Cartel, but left to join a rival criminal group after he encountered differences with the cartel after senior cartel member Gilberto García Mena was arrested in 2001.
At around 4:30 a.m. on 10 May 2004, Guerrero Reyes was killed by unknown assailants in a drive-by shooting in Matamoros.
The attack occurred before dawn near the Wild West discotheque while Guerrero Reyes was inside a silver Jeep Liberty between Michoacán and 16 de Septiembre streets in Colonia Modelo, an industrial neighborhood.
Guerrero Reyes had just left the discotheque and was described by authorities as a regular in strip clubs and night clubs in Matamoros.
Four of them died at the scene but the last one was taken alive to the Dr. Alfredo Pumarejo Hospital, where she eventually succumbed to her wounds.
One resident stated that at first he thought the noise was caused by the muffler of a vehicle, but as the attack progressed he realized it was a shootout.
Matamoros fire fighters and bomb specialists were called to the scene to remove the grenades from Garcia's hand and from Guerrero Reyes' corpse.
They were able to remove it without causing a detonation, but it took them around eight hours to defuse Guerrero Reyes's grenade.
A police officer identified Quintanilla as a local customs broker; authorities did not reveal what charges he was arrested for but they did confirm that he was captured for driving the vehicle that was presumably used by the assassins.
It was later revealed that Guerrero Reyes was killed by four unidentified hitmen who carried out the attack in a white taxi.
The motive behind the attack was not revealed, and state police chief Arturo Pedroza Aguirre said it was too early to determine if a drug cartel was involved.
U.S. and Mexican authorities did not confirm if the attack was carried out by the Gulf Cartel or conducted by a rival gang, which had sprung up in high numbers after the arrest of Cárdenas Guillén.
Guerrero Reyes's code name Z-5 was vacated after his death and taken by Zetas member Braulio Arellano Domínguez, who initially held the code name Z-20.
Designed for a maximum output of and a speed of in service, the second batch of Soldati-class ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at a speed of and at a speed of .
Although they were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with one or two pairs of depth charge throwers.
In the Volkshaus Lübtheen bought by Steinbeck in 2008, an AfD district party conference took place in December 2016, and his Herrenhaus had previously been used for a party event.
Steinbeck is considered to be well networked in the right-wing scene and as a puller for the right wing faction of AfD in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
Steinbeck worked in the 1990s for the parliamentary group of the right-wing extremist party German League for People and Homeland in Schleswig-Holstein.
He was active for them in the state election campaign, but has so far not run for any position in the party.
Accordingly, the group has existed for around two years and its members wear small red crosses on the lapels of their suits.
The symbol apparently refers to the Santiago Order of battle, which existed in the Middle Ages and fought in the Reconquista to recapture the Iberian Peninsula.
Party members report that the castle group is said to have had several influences on the fate of the AfD state association in recent years.
This had been achieved, for example, when in November 2017 the almost certain election of today's AfD Bundestag member Enrico Komning as the second state chairman alongside Leif-Erik Holm was prevented - instead, the party congress at that time chose the previously largely unknown Dennis Augustin.
Miki is a member of the UNICEF Tap Project; raising awareness for those who do not have access to clean water.
He was a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, the Italian Senate and an undersecretary in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.
After finding work at Everest, which later became Olivetti, he was a supporter of workers rights and was elected to the union leadership.
As his first term wound down, he was approached to run for the Italian Senate and won a seat, becoming one of the youngest members of the body.
In 1991, Giulio Andreotti appointed him as an undersecretary in the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies overseeing agriculture and forests.
Designed for a maximum output of and a speed of in service, the second batch of Soldati-class ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at a speed of and at a speed of .
Although they were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with one or two pairs of depth charge throwers.
The Línea P (P line), officially the Pyrenees Defense Organisation (), was a fortified line of defense built in the Pyrenees between 1944 and 1948 to prevent an invasion of the Spanish territory.
After the end of the Spanish Civil War, the government of General Franco decided to build a defensive line in the Pyrenees, that would go from the Mediterranean to the Cantabrian Sea, approximately of fortified defensive points, stretching up to a depth of from the border.
In a broader sense, Línea P also refers to the successive Pyrenean fortifications built after the Spanish Civil War that would previous fortifications (1939–1940), the counter-tank defense (1950–1954) and other fortifications, such as those at Cape Higuer in Fuenterrabía, Guipúzcoa finished in 1957.
After the end of the Spanish Civil War, hundreds of thousands of Republican soldiers and civilians crossed the French border ahead of the advancing Nationalist troops.
Many Republican soldiers settled in the mountains of the Pyrenees and the Spanish Republican government in exile was formed in France.
They continued to fight against Francoist Spain until the early 1960s, carrying out sabotage, robberies to help fund guerrilla activity, occupations of Spanish embassies in France and assassinations of Francoists, as well as contributing to the fight against Nazi Germany and the Vichy regime in France during World War II.
Beginning 1943, Nazi Germany started to build a line of fortifications in the Pyrenees, called , from Cerbere to Hendaye, along Le Perthus, Maurellàs, Las Illas, Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste and the French Cerdagne and built coastal batteries in Le Barcarès, Torreilles, Sainte-Marie-la-Mer, Collioure et Port-Vendres which became part of the Südwall.
In August 1944, the liberation of France entered a decisive phase with the liberation of Toulouse and the south of France, giving the Spanish border a special significance.
Neither General Franco nor Nazi Germany could ever manage to close the border effectively, as alternative routes to the usual ones were sought to cross it.
The exiled Republicans had high hopes that at the end of World War II in Europe, Franco would be removed from power by the victorious Allies and that they would be able to return to Spain.
in Mexico was first formed in November 1943, in an attempt to build a national committee inspired by the French Committee of National Liberation, and in Toulouse in August 1944.
While the war against Nazi Germany was continuing in the north of France, large areas of the liberated territory were not under its direct control and were in practice controlled by the Resistance and other guerrilla groups.
Therefore, when Charles de Gaulle, head of the French provisional government, traveled to Toulouse on 16 September 1944 to pay tribute to the French Resistance and Spanish republican fighters that liberated Toulouse, the real objective of De Gaulle's visit was to bring Toulouse under the control of the French state.
It was not in De Gaulle's best interest the Spanish republicans opened a second front in the Pyrenees and expressed his disagreement with any attempt to cross the Spanish border and return to the maquis.
Between 4,000 and 7,000 guerrillas, well equipped and with heavy weapons, entered Spanish territory through Val d'Aran and other parts of the Pyrenees.
The objective of the offensive was to retake the sector of Spanish territory comprising the land between the Cinca and Segre Rivers and the French border.
The zone was later declared conquered by the Spanish Republican government in exile to provoke a general uprising against Franco throughout Spain.
The main attack in the valley was accompanied by operations in other valleys of the Pyrenees during the previous weeks to distract Franco's forces.
These other attacks were intended also to evaluate the situation in the interior of Spain and make contact with other groups of exiles.
The most important points of penetration in the long chain of mountains were Roncesvalles, Roncal, Hecho, Canfranc, Val d'Aran, Andorra, and Cerdanya, though there were also operations at smaller points.
The offensives were repelled by a great force that was moved into the area by Franco, made up of the Civil Guard, Armed Police Corps, battalions of the Spanish Army, and 40,000 Moroccan (Army of Africa) troops.
The invasion of the Val d'Aran ended on 28 October 1944 in a complete failure for the Republican side, when the last guerrillas re-crossed the border back into France, without the hoped-for uprising.
In 1945, de Gaulle had all the Spanish Republican flags in France removed and definitively disowned the Junta Española de Liberación.
Spanish republicans, after France and the Allies' rejection, were forced into a guerrilla war, known as the Spanish Maquis, and the Spanish Republic government-in-exile faded away to a symbolic role.
In an attempt to isolate the Franco regime, Félix Gouin, de Gaulle's successor as head of the French provisional government, decided on 26 February 1946 to close the border with Spain on 1 March 1946.
On April 18, 1946, Polish ambassador Oskar Lange, supported by the Soviet Union, France and Mexico, asked the United Nations to condemn Spain as an aggressive country based on information that Franco was accumulating troops on the French border and fortifying the Pyrenees, but nobody knew that these works had already begun in 1939 earlier in the whole mountain range.
On December 12, 1946, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 39, which excluded the Spanish government from international organizations and conferences established by the United Nations.
In January 1950, Secretary of State Dean Acheson admitted that the Resolution 39 had been a failure, mentioning that the government was able to support a resolution that would end both issues.
On 4 November 1950, the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 386, repealing the recommendation that prevented Spain from being a member of the International agencies established or linked by the United Nations.
This resolution paved the way for Spain to join the United Nations system, which began in 1951 with the incorporation of UN agencies such as UPU, ITU, FAO and WHO, and completed with the accession of Spain to the United Nations in 1955.
The Spanish army was convinced at the end of the 1930s that fortifications in the Pyrenees could stop an army from entering through one of the mountain passes into Spain.
Fortified defense lines were typical of Europe before World War II in the style of the Maginot, Siegfried, Mannerheim, Metaxás Lines.
In 1936, months before the Civil war, cavalry commander Sanjuán Cañete published a book on the Pyrenean border giving indications of possible defensive works to be done.
More specifically Sanjuán Cañete carried out a detailed analysis of the network of trails and roads on the Pyrenees, adding considerations and proposals of a strategic nature.
The thoroughness of this study was of great importance for the establishment of the bases of future defensive systems in the Pyrenees.
Since September 1940 there had been plans to fortify the Eastern Pyrenees (Catalonia) in the event of a possible invasion through Le Perthus with motorized troops.
The border area was to be divided into three sectors: Eastern Pyrenees (Catalonia), Central Pyrenees (Aragon) and Western Pyrenees (Navarra and Basque Country).
Fortifications had not only to become part of the landscape but also to take advantage of the protection offered by nature.
Started in the autumn of 1944, the construction of the Línea P was entrusted to the former military regions IV ( Catalonia and Valencia), V (Aragón and Soria) and VI (Navarra, País Vasco, Santander, Burgos, and Logroño) that bordered France.
This centers of resistance were intended to cover the main lines of penetrations, inside Spanish territory, while capable of defending themselves autonomously.
Spanish military strategists needed also to compensate for the defensive weaknesses of the two extremities of the Pyrenees: the Basque Country and Navarra in the west and Catalonia in the east.
Consequently, no less than 100 Centers of Resistance were built in Catalonia, 56 in the Basque Country and Navarra and 20 in Aragón.
Each Center of Resistance had a large number of defense points grouped in support points, and these in turn in Units and they in Sub-Units.
The defense points would typically house a machine gun, an anti-tank gun, an infantry cannon, an anti-aircraft gun, a 81 mm mortar or a 50 mm mortar.
The original plan was that each defense point would be surrounded by trenches with a shooter's well placed at each end.
The Francoist project for the 500-km fortified line across the Pyrenees consisted of some 8,000 – 10,000 defensive points of which approximately half were built, stretching up to a depth of from the border.
In spite of the effort made in its construction, there is no evidence that it was ever fully operational and armed, nor the armored doors that were manufactured to close the bunkers were placed or the barbed wire fences were deployed.
The wire fences and armored doors that were produced to protect these settlements remained in storage in Figueras, Pamplona, and Jaca and eventually sent to the Spanish Sahara.
Even if the works on the defensive were never finished, several military inspections took place over the years to check the settlements, as the military command considered these works to be strategic in the military defense of the national territory.
The integration of Spain into the then European Economic Community and NATO in 1986 lead to the definitive abandonment of the Pyrenean fortification line as a defensive military infrastructure, becoming, in some cases, another tourist attraction in the Pyrenees.
When the Third Carlist War ended in 1876, the Spanish military authorities came with an ambitious plan to defend the French border in the central and western Pyrenees.
Six forts were planned to form the first line of defense around Irun and another two would form a second line of defense, which could be used to defend San Sebastián and the port of Pasajes.
With a total of 59 bunkers initially planned, 16 defensive points for machine guns and 27 for automatic weapons were completed.
Grouped in (Workers’ Battalions) and from 1940 to December 1942, in (Disciplinary Battalions of Workers-Soldiers), prisoners were used to building defensive points of the Línea P and its access roads.
Between 1939 and 1945, over 21,000 prisoners carried out fortification and road construction works in Navarra, in Gipuzkoa, and to a lesser extent in Bizkaia, with the coastal fortifications between Getxo and Gorliz.
Aragón was the region with the lowest density of Centers of Resistance, probably since in many parts, the mountains are over 2,500 meters above sea level, which makes most of the region inaccessible.
In the Valley of the Aragón River, the Canfranc railway station was chosen for the center of operations because of its central location.
In many cases part of the transport was done by mules, arriving in up to six hours to the destination, such as the Center of Resistance N.R.
The region of Cerdanya was considered of high strategic value and therefore concentrated a large number of defensive points and bunkers built to stop an intrusion at one of the most important penetration routes through the Pyrenees.
Every twelve or sixteen kilometers of border, four centers of resistance were built to allow an effective defense against a possible frontal attack but have also thought to protect against flank attacks.
The very nature of the project has led to almost 80% of the military archives being classified as restricted, confidential or secret.
Their accessibility is therefore subject to the provisions of the Spanish Historical Heritage Law and the Military Archives Regulations of 1998 and the Spanish Law on Official Secrets.
As a consequence, the Francoist fortification of the Pyrenees began only to attract the attention of scholars in the mid of 1990s.
In 2007, the Park of bunkers of Montellà i Martinet was the first initiative to present a center of resistance (N.R.
On September 12, 2010, a marked outdoor itinerary was inaugurated in La Guingueta d'Àneu, consisting of a walk in the valley of the Noguera Pallaresa river, on the shore of the reservoir of La Torrassa, to visit four bunkers belonging to the center of resistance N.R.
The route starts from the low battery of the fort of Santa Elena and some settlements belonging to the Center of Resistance 106 (Hoz de Jaca) can be visited.
This list of religion-related awards is an index to articles about notable awards related to religion given by institutions other than the churches.
Designed for a maximum output of and a speed of in service, the second batch of Soldati-class ships reached speeds of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.
They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at a speed of and at a speed of .
Although they were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with one or two pairs of depth charge throwers.
The Hon.George Gore (25 February 1774 – 27 August 1844) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the late 18th century.
At the end of June 2019, local newspaper Nordkurier reported that Augustin had taken part in an in-party training course for the far-right Nationaldemocratic Party of Germany (NPD) in Iseo, Northern Italy in 1989.
The board of the AfD state association Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania then declared the party membership of Augustin ineffective because he had kept his NPD contacts secret when he joined the AfD.
Mircea Constantinescu (born 5 April 1947) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Politehnica Iași, Dinamo București and SC Bacău.
The 2019-20 Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs men's ice hockey season was the 76th season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
William Haye (15 September 1948 – 18 March 2019) was a Jamaican cricketer who played in seven first-class and two List A matches for Jamaica between 1970 and 1977.
Karen Hills (born 5 May 1975) is an English football coach and former player who is the manager of FA Women's Super League club Tottenham Hotspur.
She was deployed as a forward and scored a hat-trick on her debut, before moving back into midfield and eventually into defence.
In January 2000 Hills and Mill Hill team mate Laura Burns tested positive for cannabis in a random drug test carried out by The Football Association.
With Charlton Athletic Hills reached the FA Women's Cup final four times in five years, winning once when they beat Everton in 2005.
In August 2009 she was appointed first team manager at Tottenham Hotspur, where she was already working as the club's women's and girls' development officer.
Over the following decade, Hills presided over a series of promotions as the club developed from a completely amateur South East Combination Women's Football League team to a full-time professional FA Women's Super League outfit, playing in front of record-breaking crowds.
Grega saga is an Old Norse chivalric saga known only from a manuscript that survives as a single leaf: AM 567 XXVI 4to.
The Wassila network was created in October 2000, near the end of the Algerian Civil War, a context within which women's rights were under attack both practically and legally.
The network has three branches of action: developing practical help for victims (including a telephone support helpline and legal aid), training of medical, legal and media personnel, and legal approaches (include criminal law against sexual violence).
Later during the Hirak protests, an alliance of trade unions, citizens' groups and individuals, the Dynamiques de la société civile, was created in a meeting on 15 June 2019, with the aim of coordinating with other Algerian citizens' networks in fundamentally reorganising the Algerian state.
In essence, it is a modification of the An-70 with four turbojet engines manufactured by JSC Motor Sich - D-436-148FM or the latest AI-28 instead of turbofan D-27.
Chaudhry Mushtaq Ahmed (born 7 April 1959) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 7 November 2014.
Ahmed was born on 7 April 1959 in village of Head Faqirian in Malikwal Tehsil of Mandi Bahauddin District located in Punjab province of Pakistan.
Ahmed attended Government High School in village Mona which is also located in Mandi Bahaudduin district, that is where he passed his metriculation exam.
In 1984, he got his LLB from Federal Law College located in Islamabad, an institution affiliated with University of the Punjab.
In February 2007, he became District and Sessions Judge (D&SJ) and remained Special Judge for anti-corruption in Bahawalpur for three years then he was transferred to Rajanpur as D&SJ.
Then, he was posted as Special Judge for Anti-Terrorism Court Number 1 in Gujranwala, then again as D&SJ in Toba Tek Singh.
Lastly, he was serving as D&SJ in Nankana Sahib when on 7 November 2014, he was elevated to Lahore High Court as a judge.
In an unprecedented decision on 24 December 2019, Ahmed issued the bail to Rana Sanaullah who was arrested by Anti Narcotics Force (ANF), a body associated with Pakistani military and headed by active duty military officers.
In the detailed judgement, Ahmed noted the reasons for granting the bail to Sanaullah, he noted that accused accomplices of Sanaullah were granted bail by the trial court while Sanaullah was not granted the same.
He noted that ANF did not file an appeal in Lahore High Court for cancellation of the bail to accused accomplices of Sanaullah.
The musical had its world premiere at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts on December 11, 2019 after one week of previews.
The Cambridge production was generally well reviewed, with praise for the music and the work of scenic designer Mimi Lien in particular, while common criticisms included the 3 1/2 hour length and the Pip section.
Lodi ceramics were produced in Lodi, Italy from ancient times, but their artistic quality reached its peak in the 18th century.
A large production of terracotta for architectural decorations was developed in the 14th century, such as in the facades of the churches of Lodi, and in particular in the ornaments of the cloister of the Ospedale Maggiore, in the decorations of Palazzo Mozzanica, and in Piazza Broletto and Piazza Mercato.
The first written documents testifying to the presence of furnaces in the Lodi area date back to the 16th century and then to the 17th century.
This was due to the little dimension of the local market, which mostly required ceramics for ordinary use; moreover the production of ceramics was hindered by the many taxes, both on the import of the raw material, the earth from Stradella, and on the export of the products.
Following the war of the Spanish Succession, at the beginning of the 18th century the territory of Lodi was annexed, with the Duchy of Milan, to the realm of the House of Habsburg of Austria.
However a few factories were established in Lodi, including that of Coppellotti, already active in the 17th century, Rossetti and Ferretti.
Artists and decorators were able to move more freely than before and this enabled the production of ceramics in Lodi to acquire techniques and decorations from Northern Europe and France, such as a third, lower temperature firing and the Bérain decoration.
In 1796, the battle of Lodi between Napoleon Bonaparte and the Austrian troops marked the decline of ceramic production in Lodi, due both to the material damage suffered by the factories located near the battleground by the Adda river, and to the economic decline during the period of the Napoleonic wars and the following restoration.
The main material for the production of ceramics was the earth of Stradella, a clay rich in limestone, which, thanks to its malleability, made the ceramics very thin and light.
The main component for the glaze was sand from San Colombano al Lambro, rich in silicon, but tin was also added to the glaze.
The gran fuoco technique was the only one in use until the mid 18th century, but was still used even after the introduction of the piccolo fuoco (third fire) technique around 1750.
With the first firing, the product was hardened and could then be glazed and painted, with the glaze not fixed yet by the second firing.
Only those colours that could withstand the high temperature of the second firing could be used: manganese for violet, antimony for yellow, iron for a reddish colour, cobalt for blue, copper for green.
Cobalt blue tended to spread to the glaze, creating blue hues, and this also happened when it was mixed with yellow to create green.
In the second half of the 18th century the technique of third fire – piccolo fuoco was introduced, which made it possible to obtain a greater range of more vibrant colours.
After two firings at about 950 °C, identical to those of the technique of gran fuoco, the glaze, already vitrified, was painted with colours that would have degraded at higher temperature and a third firing was carried out at about 600-650 °C.
One of the new pigments that could be used thanks to the third firing was a red obtained from gold chloride, which made it possible to introduce various shades of red, from pink to purple.
The Coppellotti factory was active from 1641 to the end of the 18th century; the best ceramics date back to the period 1735-1740 and were produced with the gran fuoco technique: plates, centerpieces, teapots, coffeemakers, sugar bowls.
Some of the decorative motives were influenced by French ceramics, in particular the decoration known as 'De lambrequins et rayonnants', introduced from Rouen, with arabesques, draperies and geometric-floral compositions arranged in a radial pattern.
Rossetti excelled in the decoration known as the 'Bérain' style, which takes its name from the French decorator Jean Bérain the Elder, with pillars, balustrades, capitals, urns, shells, stylized leaves garlands, divinities and satyrs;.
The best known decoration of the Ferretti ceramics is the one with naturalistic flowers, with very bright and lively colours, which could be obtained thanks to the piccolo fuoco technique.
The most commonly painted flowers were wild flowers, such as forget-me-not, buttercups, Centaurea cyanus, campanula, primroses and dog rose; but also cultivated varieties were represented, such as roses, tulips and carnations.
Timotin made her Fed Cup debut for Ireland in 2016, while the team was competing in the Europe/Africa Zone Group III, when she was 16 years and 159 days old.
Holzman is professor of Chinese, a teaching assistant at Paris Diderot University and was the director of the Chinese section of the DESS-NCI programme of the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3 from 1984 to 2002.
Holzman published documented works about prominent figures of the Chinese democracy movement, including Wei Jingsheng, Lin Xiling, Ding Zilin, Hu Ping and Liu Qing.
She gave lectures about contemporary China at the Bank of France, the National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations (INALCO) and the Paris Foreign Missions Society.
She was awarded the decoration by Pierre Bergé (who, at the time, was in a conflict with Beijing about the selling of two bronze pieces of the Old Summer Palace) on June 2, 2009, the day before the 20th anniversary of the Tian'anmen massacre, on behalf of President Nicolas Sarkozy.
She called for sportspeople and foreign officials to boycott the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony as long as the Chinese leaders do not change their mind on the repression and the imprisonment of Tibetan opponents.
The second seeds Joan Hartigan and Gar Moon defeated Emily Hood Westacott and Ray Dunlop 6–3, 6–4, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.
In 2019, McLean was among 11 of Spurs' existing players to be offered a full-time professional contract to remain with the club following their promotion to the FA Women's Super League.
Playing as a box-to-box midfielder, she had started 15 league games in the 2018–19 FA Women's Championship campaign in which Spurs finished as runners-up to Manchester United.
A new hospital was procured under a Private Finance Initiative contract in 2000: it was built by Robertson Group at a cost of £12 million and completed in 2003.
The 2020 Bangladesh Women's Football League is the 3rd season of domestic women's club football competition in Bangladesh hosted and organized by Bangladesh Football Federation.This edition will participate 8 teams.The league will commence from 7 February 2020.
Tomb of the Angels (Italian: La fossa degli angeli) is a 1937 Italian drama film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia and starring Amedeo Nazzari, Luisa Ferida and Antonio Gradoli.
It was shot on location in the Apuan Alps in Liguria, and is set amidst the marble quarries of the area.
Bella Asha Maria Belaynesh Forsgrén (born 10 February 1992 in Addis Ababa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Central Finland constituency.
Sofia Marjanna Virta (born 21 June 1990 in Kaarina) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Helsinki constituency.
Jenni Pitko (born 15 August 1986 in Kemi) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Oulu constituency.
Hanna Riikka Holopainen (born 8 October 1976 in Lappeenranta) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the South-Eastern Finland constituency.
Mari Holopainen (born 31 January 1981 in Espoo) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Helsinki constituency.
Atte Erik Harjanne (born 13 July 1984 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Helsinki constituency.
Beatty Run drains of area, receives about 44.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 418.12, and has an average water temperature of 7.93°C.
The new lands had also a large population of Aromanians, which is why autonomous Aromanian republics were formed in the territories of Thessaly during the two World Wars.
This annexation is of great importance for the modern history of the Balkans and the emergence of the Macedonian issue; because of it Greece could have land contact with the region of Macedonia and accordingly the ability to send armed troops during the Macedonian Struggle.
With the outbreak of the Great Eastern Crisis, the main supporter of Greek foreign policy in maintaining good relations with the Ottoman Empire was PM Charilaos Trikoupis.
The Prime Minister was in charge of setting up and organizing combat troops to invade north beyond the Greek-Ottoman border of Arta-Volos.
At the Congress of Berlin, Greece insisted on receiving a territorial extension north of the High Gate, a new land border to the Kalamas and Salamvria (Pineios (Thessaly)).
The High Gate attempted to deflect Greek territorial claims from Epirus and Thessaly to Crete, where another Cretan revolt (1878) took place.
After diplomatic efforts by Prime Minister Alexandros Koumoundouros and the Ottomans, it was decided the transfer of these areas to the Greek Kingdom.
Despite the defeat in the Greco-Turkish War (1897) at the end of the 19th century, this border was slightly adjusted at the expense of Greece.
The annexation of this territory unlocked the Greek territorial appetite, involving Greece in four consecutive wars within ten years during the early 20th century that ended with the so-called Asia Minor disaster.
Ayam kodok preparation requires deboning a chicken, and then stuffing it with a mixture of seasoned meat and vegetables, and a hard boiled egg.
In the early 1990s, Shin competed in professional tournaments across Asia and reached a best singles ranking of 273 in the world.
His most notable performances on the ATP Tour came at the Seoul Open, where he twice won through to the second round.
Shin was a member of the South Korea Davis Cup team between 1992 and 1994 and appeared in the total of five ties.
A singles gold medalist at the 1993 World Student Games in Buffalo, Shin also represented South Korea at the 1994 Asian Games and made the singles quarterfinals.
The 1986–87 season is Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 85th season in existence and the club's 56th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
At the end of the first phase, the first six teams qualified for the championship group (Group A), the next six qualified for the intermediate group (Group B) and the last six qualified for the relegation group (Group C).
In the second phase, Real Madrid played only against teams of the same group twice (home and away) and carried their first phase record.
Bartosz Tyszkowski (born 25 January 1994) is a Polish Paralympic athlete of short stature and he competes in F41-classification javelin throw and shot put events.
At the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships in Berlin, Germany he won the gold medal in the men's shot put F41 event and he also set a new world record of 14.04m.
Syed Waseem Rizvi is a Shia Muslim leader and four-time chairman of the Shia Central Board of Waqf in Uttar Pradesh.
He is anti-Mullah and proposed the shifting of Babri Masjid on one acre of land for Shia Muslims in Lucknow’s Husainabad area.
Iiris Suomela (born 1 May 1994) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Tavastia constituency.
Mirka Johanna Soinikoski (born 16 December 1975 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Tavastia constituency.
Henderson earned a Juris Doctor from George Washington University Law School in 1958, where he was the first black student to graduate.
Some of Henderson's notable cases include NAACP vs. West Virginia Department of Public Safety which allowed African-American women to be admitted to the State Police.
Henderson was president of the West Virginia National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP) for 20 years from 1966 to 1986.
Working at the Organization for Tropical Studies La Selva Biological Station, Pringle he has collected almost three decades of data collected from lowland streams in Costa Rica.
Pringle was awarded her first National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTERB) in Costa Rica in 1985 and has continued to collect data since.
She showed that this solute-rich ground water is responsible for almost half of stream discharge and can cause the build up of cations in streams during the dry season.
Solute-rich groundwater is associated with underlying volcanic activity, which alters the chemistry of the water through geothermal modification in Puerto Viejo Sarapiquí, a town near La Selva Biological Station.
The town has undergone explosive population growth, which places increased demands on local water supplies, and pesticides from the banana plantations can result in contamination.
She has investigated the role of specific species in maintaining the function of ecosystems, and how freshwater ecosystems adapt when certain species are lost.
At the University of Georgia she serves as a Distinguished Research Professor and Chair of the Odum School of Ecology Master's degree Conservation Ecology & Sustainable Development.
In 2019 Pringle was made a Fellow of the Ecological Society of America for her contribution to stream ecosystems and mentoring of students in aquatic conservation ecology.
Posted to the Belgian Congo in 1921 he was one of the first missionaries to live among the Baluba-lubilashi sub-group of the Baluba people.
Anderson later served as interim General Secretary of the Congo Protestant Council, a legal representative for the American Presbyterian Congo Mission and an inspector of its schools.
Anderson graduated from the Alabama Presbyterian College in 1917 and in 1920 received a Bachelor of Divinity degree from the Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky.
Anderson lived amongst the Baluba people from 1921 to 1946, and was one of the first missionaries to work with the Baluba-lubilashi sub-group.
In this work he noted that most accused witches were women over the age of 55 and were at risk of being murdered by vigilantes.
Anderson afterwards served as interim General Secretary of the Congo Protestant Council in Leopoldville for two years and from 1947 served on the Belgian government's Commission for the Protection of Indigenous People.
In 1960 Anderson was awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree by Davidson College, North Carolina and thereafter served as an associate minister of the First Presbyterian Church of Dallas, Texas.
Inka Inari Hopsu (born 25 September 1976 in Espoo) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Uusimaa constituency.
It Takes Two to Sin in Love (Italian: In amore si pecca in due) is a 1954 Italian melodrama film directed by Vittorio Cottafavi and starring Giorgio De Lullo, Cosetta Greco and Alda Mangini.
Colonel Edward Aldrich (30 December 1802 – 23 November 23 1857) was a British Army officer, architect and surveyor who carried out the first detailed survey of Palestine together with Julian Symonds.
Noora Riikka Koponen (born 12 July 1983 in Kokkola) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Uusimaa constituency.
Lake Creek drains of area, receives about 44.6 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 466.17, and has an average water temperature of 7.88°C.
Saara Inkeri Hyrkkö (born 26 August 1987 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Uusimaa constituency.
Tiina Susanna Elo (born 21 January 1971 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Uusimaa constituency.
Jared Butler (born August 25, 1999) is an American college basketball player for the Baylor Bears of the Big 12 Conference.
Butler grew up in Reserve, Louisiana and attended Riverside Academy, where he joined the school's varsity basketball team as an eighth grader.
He picked the Crimson Tide because he was confused why Baylor was not recruiting him harder despite his coach Tim Byrd being friends with Bears coach Scott Drew; the Bears were short on scholarships and long on guards.
Butler enrolled at Alabama, but did not participate in the team's summer workouts and requested an unconditional release from his letter of intent in order to transfer to Baylor University.
He averaged 10.2 points, 3.1 rebounds and 2.7 assists as a true freshman and was named honorable mention All-Big 12 Conference and to the league's All-Freshman team.
Butler was named the Big 12 Newcomer of the Week on February 25, 2019 after averaging 14.5 points, 4.5 assists and 4.0 rebounds in conference games against Iowa State and West Virginia.
He was named the MVP of the 2019 Myrtle Beach Invitational and the Big 12 Player of the Week after averaging 17.7 points, 3.7 assists and 2.7 steals over three games as the Bears won the tournament.
On January 11, 2020, Butler scored 22 points as Baylor defeated Kansas for its first win ever at the Phog Allen Fieldhouse.
Jennifer and Tom Shay Ecological Reserve is an ecological reserve located on the east bank of the Red River, near the town of St. Adolphe, Manitoba, Canada.
Rhoda Agatha Rindge Adamson (April 20, 1893-April 2, 1962) also known as Rhoda Agatha Adamson or simply Rhoda Adamson, was the co-founder and secretary-treasurer of Adohr Farms and Adohr Dairy & Creamery, one of Southern California's largest and most successful dairies.
Adamson was born Rhoda Agatha Rindge, the middle child of Rhoda May Knight Rindge and Frederick Hastings Rindge, transplants to California from Michigan and Massachusetts, respectively.
The ranch home was destroyed in 1903 fire; from there on out, the family only camped in Malibu when visiting the family ranch.
Otherwise, they no longer lived in Santa Monica, but rather a 25-room mansion in West Adams Heights, known as the Frederick Hastings Rindge House.
Adamson was raised to love the outdoors, and, riding horseback, she partook of activities such as sheep-herding with her father on the Malibu Ranch.
The former she often partook of with her best friend, Jesse Ellen Matheson, to whom she had gifted a horse named Robin.
The pair rode their horses across Malibu's Santa Monica Mountains, usually armed with shotguns should a rattlesnake have presented a threat.
Adamson attended Wellesley for a year, from 1910-1911, before returning to California, missing her home state too much to stay away.
Adohr Stock Farms was the umbrella organization from which the Adamsons would grow Adohr Farms and Adohr Dairy & Creamery, the latter of which was headquartered at 1801 S. La Cienega Boulevard and Sawyer Street.
In addition to becoming one of the biggest dairies in the United States, Adohr would come to be one of the largest certified dairies in the world, and come to boast the world's largest herd of Guernsey and Holstein-Friesian cows, tallying in at 1,650 head of cattle.
The organization thrived throughout the Great Depression, as milk consumption was bolstered by Prohibition, though the beef ranch side of the enterprise was forced into bankruptcy.
Darling of the Depression era, Shirley Temple, became an Adohr promotional figure, naming Adohr cows like Tillie Temple from Tillamook and Dinah.
He was a mere milkman with Adohr, yet became known for the funny voices and sound effects he produced to the delight of children on his delivery route.
He hence became Whistling Clarence, and was tasked with riding in a wagon drawn by miniature horses through the streets of Los Angeles, dispensing treats to children.
His Adohr resume and other voice work impressed Walt Disney, and Nash was brought into the Disney family in this way.
The dairy ran on a 24-hours-a-day schedule, with 100 employees carrying out the operation of the plant itself, while scores of additional employees--Adohr milkmen--were deployed across hundred of routes to deliver milk straight to clients' doorsteps, and sometimes, straight to their refrigerators, as did long-time milkman Elmer Moss.
And the company offered not only milk but buttermilk, butter, cream, ice cream, cottage cheese, eggs, and other milk products like whipping cream.
The Tarzana farm and additional farmland in Kern County, California, meanwhile, provided the room necessary to grow feed for the livestock and allow them out to pasture.
In 1929, the couple commissioned Stiles O. Clements to build them a weekend and summer home on 13 acres in Malibu that Rhoda's mother had gifted them.
Two Danish painter, Ejnar Hansen and Peter Nielsen, hand-painted doors, cupboards, and other surfaces in the house, while John Holtzclaw, an interior decorator, worked to create a cohesive home for the Adamsons, coordinating furnishings with textiles, the Danish painters' work, and the abundant Malibu tile.
There, the family raised prized chickens, tended bees, and accommodated a variety of pet animals, including goats, dogs (Saint Bernards being one of the breeds), a sheep named Bohunkus and a donkey named Don Quixote.
The family was friends with cowboy-humorist Will Rogers, and Rogers was known to ride his horse from his ranch in Pacific Palisades to the Adamson house where he would perform rope tricks for the Adamson children.
Not only had May Rindge gifted the land upon which the Adamson House was built, she also provided the home's extensive tile from her own tile factory, Malibu Potteries.
During World War II, the Coast Guard wanted to take over the Adamson House, hoping to use it as an outpost.
The family declined, but did allow officers to stay in the poolhouse as well as semi-permanent tents along their stretch of beach.
The home, like most buildings during the war, was required to make use of blackout shades--light-blocking shades covering all windows in the home so that enemy aircraft or submarine would have difficulty making sense of the landscape at night.
Merritt Adamson volunteered as an air-raid warden, riding his horse from the Adamson House down to the Malibu Pier and back on patrol.
Rhoda, like many heads of house, did a lot of canning in the war years, creating edible preserves of all kinds.
In 1942, the Adamson family heard about the bombing of Pearl Harbor on what was a luxury to most families then--a large Scott radio in their living room.
Merritt hence sold the Tarzana dairy property to builders who planned to divide the land into parcels for construction of low-cost housing for veterans.
In preparation, original dairy structures were dismantled, including its three 31-year-old silos, which had to be raised with the help of the Los Angeles County Fire Department Demolition Squad and a significant amount of dynamite.
She is buried with her husband, Merritt, in crypt 10291 at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, in the cemetery's Great Mausoleum, Sanctuary of Ascension.
Rhoda's dairy continued under the Adohr Farms name into the 1990s or early 2000s, though the original buildings in the San Fernando Valley had long-since been demolished, starting in 1948, and the family had sold the business in 1966.
Additionally, Rhoda-May formed the Adamson Company with her siblings, Sylvia and Merritt, an organization to manage the family's real estate holdings.
It was a continuation, in effect, of their grandmother and mother's Marblehead Land Co., which had been formed to manage the original Rindge real estate holdings.
For example, Merritt Jr. was part of a successful fight against the prospective construction of a nuclear power plant in Malibu's Corral Canyon.
The State of California was calling eminent domain on the property, and the Adamson descendants could not afford the high property taxes on it.
No sooner had the transaction been completed, then the state declared they would be demolishing the home to make it a parking lot for the surfers, as surf culture had exploded in the 1950s and '60s, creating a demand for automobile access to the area.
It made no difference that the home was a masterpiece of Stiles O. Clements, nor was it considered remarkable, in the state's eyes, in its lineage tied to the Rindge family.
What saved it was the provenance of its tile: the tile had been a product of Malibu's first business, the Malibu Potteries; it had been made using local clays; and its glazes were not reproducible, as creator and glaze expert Rufus Keeler died of cyanide poisoning shortly after the Malibu Potteries closed, and he had taken measures to commit his recipes to memory alone.
Also during this time, the Adamson family donated 138 acres of their land to Pepperdine, so that Pepperdine, which was outgrowing its Watts campus, and whose campus had been badly damaged during the Watts Riots of 1965, could move its campus to Malibu.
Rhoda's home of 33 years, it has been open for public tours since 1982 and is home to the Malibu Lagoon Museum.
It is also the site of weddings and special events, yet remains completely intact, as it was in the Adamson Family's tenure, complete with their belongings, from Rhoda's I. Magnin's and Bullock's dresses, Haviland & Co. dishware, and Adohr Farms milk bottles, to original bedspreads, Barker Bros. furniture, and Merritt Adamson's map collection.
He began his military career in the Regular Force in 1955, serving in the HMCS Cornwallis and Stadacona Bands as well an army band in London, Ontario for the next 20 years.
In 1975, he graduated from the assistant director of music course at CFB Esquimalt, immediately upon graduating becoming the Assistant Director of Music of the Royal Canadian Regiment Band from 1975-1976 and later as Director of Music of the band 1978-1980, having served in the latter position while at the rank of a Captain.
He was transferred to the La Musique du Royal 22e Régiment at the Citadelle of Quebec where he would briefly be stationed before going to Ottawa to work in the Directorate of Ceremonial of the National Defence Headquarters in 1982.
He was appointed the director of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Band in 1984, a band he would lead in Calgary before moving to head the Canadian Forces School of Music in CFB Borden.
He retired to Rockland at the turn of the decade although he continued to direct the Reserve Force Bands for another year and remaining active with local civilian bands.
Estradiol/dydrogesterone (E2/DYD), sold under the brand name Femoston among others, is a combination of estradiol (E2), an estrogen, and dydrogesterone (DYD), a progestin, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy, specifically to treat and prevent hot flashes and osteoporosis, in postmenopausal women.
It is taken by mouth and contains 0.5, 1, or 2 mg E2 and 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg DYD per tablet.
Swan also wasn't sure about the cross-over aspect of the book, wondering how the referee would simultaneously handle a group of werewolves in one part of the city and a group of vampires in another part of the city.
It serves Deshalpur village and is located in the vicinity of Desalpar Gunthli, an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilisation.
The line was abandoned later since Gandhidham - Bhuj section got converted to broad gauge and this 101.24 km line became isolated.
Recently gauge conversion to broad gauge has been approved by the Government of India in June 2016, so that it can be used for public, military or freight purpose.
In 2018 the railway section between Bhuj and Deshalpur village (28 km) was commissioned, remaining under gauge conversion Deshalpur – Naliya section (74 km).
Bhuj – Naliya railway line is classified as being of strategic importance, due to its proximity to the border with Pakistan and Naliya Air Force Station.
After being with Odin of London for some years in the late 70s and early 80s, he founded BunChakeze, who recorded a progressive rock album.
In 2010, after not playing in any bands for 25 years, encouraged by friends he met on the internet, Colin released the BunChakeze album.
The album was received very well, and led him into releasing a string of albums with his own projects, of which Corvus Stone and Colin Tench Project were most important, and as a guest musician for other acts.
Colin died unexpectedly of natural causes on December 27, 2017, 3 days after the release of his second album with the Colin Tench Project.
The group played local clubs and joined Battle of the Bands contests, but by Tench's own admission, they were not particularly very good.
At one gig, however, he spotted legendary AC/DC vocalist Bon Scott in the audience and afterwards spoke briefly with him, Scott reportedly saying that he thought the band was alright.
After leaving Australia, Tench forgot about guitar playing and returned home to London via a journey of several months through Asia.
Originally he had no aspirations to continue playing the guitar, but then he decided to audition for a new band named Odin of London.
At the time of the auditions, former Black Widow and Cressida guitarist John Culley had also tried out for the band.
The band was born in 1981 and was composed of Gary Derrick (bass), Derek Sanderson (keyboards), John Culley (guitars), Colin Tench (guitars), and Cliff Deighton (drums).
The contract with the label, however, did not favour the band and they declined to permit the use of their song.
Foulcer was building a new studio and, according to Tench, a deal was made over a card game one night; the three musicians would help build the studio during the day in exchange for recording time at night.
After a few months, American singer Joey Lugassy from Los Angeles arrived in London on his first visit to the United Kingdom and advertised that he was looking for a band.
He was called to meet with BunChakeze and was hired to sing the songs, a challenge for him as the music had already been recorded and he had to make his vocals fit the music.
In 2009*, Tench moved into a house in (town), Sweden and decided to contact his old Odin of London bandmate, John Culley.
Not knowing where to find him, Tench looked up Black Widow's web site and contacted the site manager, a Finnish keyboard player and composer named Pasi Koivu.
Odin of London's recordings were released as a digital download only and BunChakeze was released digitally and on CD in 2010.
Via chatrooms and Facebook, he began acquainting himself with a number of artists who would soon play important roles in his recording career, including American multi-instrumentalist and singer Blake Carpenter, British singer/songwriter Andy John Bradford, Belgian singer and guitarist Stef Flaming, Argentinian composer Andres Guazzelli, and illustrating artist Sonia Mota of Mozambique.
The trio were now committed to writing music together, and at the suggestion of Sonia Mota, the new band was named Corvus Stone.
Before they completed the recordings, they were contacted by American drummer Robert Wolff who expressed interest in joining the band, and Corvus Stone became a four-piece.
He and Bradford enlisted the assistance of a few musicians with whom Tench was acquainted, such as Andres Guazzelli, Stef Flaming, Victor Tassone, and Italian keyboard player, Marco Chiappini.
It was during this time he learned about dynamic range and how much of modern music is compressed to a low dynamic range level.
As the album came together, several musicians were either approached by Tench to perform on the album or the artists themselves asked to be a part of the music.
Special guests for Corvus Stone II included Andres Guazzelli, Blake Carpenter, German Vergara, Phil Naro, Sean Filkins, and Timo Rautiainen all doing vocals for different songs.
By this time, Tench had become known to many musicians and was asked to play on various tracks or be a part of band projects.
After a flurry of activity in the first half of 2016, Tench turned his attention to a personal project which he had begun back in 2011 and had been working on little by little.
Unfinished pieces and early versions of ideas in the works had been uploaded to the ReverbNation music-sharing site under the name Colin Tench Project, but now at last these works became the focus of his attention.
Over the next few months, Tench contacted several musicians to ask if they would be interested in participating in the project.
Joining the project was Corvus Stone bassist, Petri Lindstrom, and vocalist Phil Naro, who had previously sung on Corvus Stone tracks.
Other names included drummer Vic Tassone and bassist Stephen Speelman of the American progressive metal band, Unified Past, composer Steve Gresswell, flutist Ian Beabout, and German melodic progressive rock band, KariBow's Oliver Rusing, who played drums for one track.
Tench was always pleased to announce new members to the project, first with tease posts on his Facebook page and finally the official announcement.
One very important person to join the project was the multi-talented Peter Jones who was the sole member of the English progressive rock project, Tiger Moth Tales.
Jones had only just recently been asked by legendary prog rock band, Camel, to join them on tour as a keyboard player.
The album quickly captured one of the top positions on the ProgArchives web site and received praise from reviewers around the world, who noted the successful blend of contributions from so many musicians.
Tench was pleased to receive so much praise but always stressed that the reason for the success of the music was due to the efforts of every single member in the project.
The project was temporarily put on the back burner as he turned to some important renovations on his home, but by the end of the summer, new music teasers were being dropped into his Facebook timeline.
This time the cast of participating musicians was trimmed back to a core group consisting of vocalists Peter Jones and Joey Lugassy, who had sung on the BunChakeze album back in 1985, Petri Lindstrom on bass, Gordo Bennett for orchestral arrangements, and drummer Joe Vitale of the Joe Walsh group.
Rank Nazeer Ahmed is a former politician of Congress, a former Member of Legislative Assembly from Karnataka, a scientist, US patent holder, Member of Karnataka Knowledge Commission, Government of Karnataka , philanthropist and a motivational speaker .
At the age of 13 he stood first in the Mysore State public examination of 1952 and awarded the Maharaja of Mysore gold medal.
He worked in Huntsville, Alabama on the Saturn, Apollo and Lunar Land Rover Projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center in 1964–65.
In 1977, he was elected a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from the 57th constituency but resigned a year later.
The Rivière Angers flows entirely in the township of Angers, in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Bonaventure, in Bonaventure Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada.
The Angers river flows on the west bank of the Cascapedia River at the limit of the cantons of Angers and Maria.
The Saint Petersburg Institute of History (N. P. Lihachov Mansion) is a research institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of Russian and foreign history.
At the time of the German invasion on June 22 it was located in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains near the border with Hungary as part of the 17th Rifle Corps of 12th Army in the Kiev Special Military District.
While the division was not attacked by the main German forces in the first days, its almost total lack of trucks and shortage of horses made it difficult to retreat to the east.
It was soon transferred with 17th Corps to the new 18th Army in Southern Front, but returned to 12th Army in mid-July.
It fell back through western Ukraine under that headquarters into August when it found itself encircled in the Uman pocket where all but remnants of the division were destroyed.
The division was commanded by Maj. Gen. Markis Bikmulovich Salikhov, who had been the 60th Rifle's deputy commander until April 24, 1940 and had been promoted to general's rank on June 4 of that year.
It was one of six rifle divisions converted to mountain divisions in Ukraine in late 1940/early 1941; like the rest it received little or no specialized training or equipment before the invasion began.
At that time it had on hand 8,313 officers and men with 7,742 bolt-action rifles and carbines, 349 semiautomatic rifles, 939 sub-machine guns, 357 light machine guns, 209 heavy machine guns, 8 45mm antitank guns, 32 76mm cannon and howitzers, 24 122mm howitzers and 120 mortars.
Despite having, on paper, both a battalion and a company of trucks it actually had just 10 trucks and 1 tractor plus 2,280 horses for its transport; it was intended to mobilize the remainder from the civilian economy.
On June 25 the division was transferred with 17th Rifle Corps (60th and 96th Mountain, 164th Rifle Divisions) to the 18th Army which was being formed in Southern Front (former Odessa Military District).
During early July the 17th Corps was mostly facing the Hungarian 8th Army Corps and by July 11 it had been forced back east of Kamianets-Podilskyi.
Later that month the 60th was detached from the Corps and returned to 12th Army where it came under the command of 13th Rifle Corps before August 1.
By July 23 it was fighting south of Lypovets, now against the German 97th Light Infantry Division, before falling back to just south of Uman at the end of the month.
Breakout attempts, particularly on August 6 and 7, allowed individuals and small groups to escape the cauldron but apart from these remnants the 60th Mountain was smashed and was no longer carried on the Soviet order of battle by the end of the month, although it was not officially disbanded until September 19.
Meanwhile, on July 29 General Salikhov had been relieved of command, court-martialed and condemned to 10 years imprisonment, although this was later commuted to demotion to the rank of colonel.
Salikhov was soon given command of the 980th Rifle Regiment of the newly-forming 275th Rifle Division near Novorossiysk which was shipped to the Odessa District in late August to join the reforming 6th Army.
The 1.83 m tall athlete played for the Bundesliga team DJK Don Bosco Bamberg until 2014 and was considered a great talent in German women's basketball.
This was also expressed by the fact that she was appointed to the DBB's U-16 team and that she made her debut as a 17-year-old in the senior national team with national coach Alexandra Maerz.
In her second international A game, she scored her first seven points in the national jersey in a clash with Finland.
After the DJK Brose Bamberg relegated from the 1st Bundesliga in the 2013/2014 season (in that season Hartmann achieved the best average of their Bamberg Bundesliga time with 9.8 points per game played), she moved to Boulder to join the American college team Colorado Buffaloes of the University of Colorado Boulder.
After having played for both TSV Wasserburg and the Australian Cockburn Cougars in the 2018-2019 season, she eventually changed to Mataro Parc for the 2019-2020 season.
for both the interpolation of primary energy spectra in the energy range 1—100 PeV and the search of parametrized solutions of inverse problem to reconstruct primary cosmic ray energy spectra.
Conjugated estrogens/norgestrel (CEEs/NG), sold under the brand name Prempak-C among others, is a combination of conjugated estrogens (CEEs), an estrogen, and norgestrel (NG), a progestin, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy in postmenopausal women.
It is taken by mouth and contains 0.625 or 1.25 mg CEEs and 150 μg NG (or 75 μg levonorgestrel) per tablet.
However, by 1992, having published many supplements and adventures, West End Games was finding it increasingly difficult to create original material out of the original trilogy of movies; they decided to release a second edition of the game based on other material that had been published.
The sourcebook gives biographical profiles of notable personalities from the comics, a brief overview of the history of the New Republic, an essay on the Force, and brief profiles of planets and aliens mentioned in the comics.
Ethinylestradiol/desogestrel (EE/DSG), sold under the brand name Marvelon among others, is a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, and desogestrel (DSG), a progestin, which is used as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.
It is taken by mouth and contains 30 μg EE and 0.15 mg DSG per tablet (brand names Marvelon, others) or 20 μg EE and 0.15 mg DSG per tablet (brand names Mercilon, others).
Tyler Gauthier (born June 29, 1997) is an American football offensive lineman for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL).
After being waived as part of final roster cuts, and later signed to the Patriots practice squad on October 15, 2019.
Carrie Anne or Carrie-Anne is a blended name combining Carrie and Anne that is an English feminine given name derived from the names Karl and Hannah.
Ethinylestradiol/gestodene (EE/GSD), sold under the brand names Femodene and Minulet among others, is a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, and gestodene (GSD), a progestin, which is used as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.
Lake Kristi, located eight miles from Greenville, is built in Parker Overton's backyard, originally built for his daughter, Kristi Overton Johnson at the age of 12.
The lake was built as the nearest location for water skiing at the time was a river over 1 hour away.
The lake's surrounding area, approximately , is predominately used for cross country running meetings, including National Collegiate Athletic Association Regional Championships (2003 & 2005) and Conference USA Championship (2001 & 2006) meets.
In 1989, Lake Kristi was listed as one of over 150 supersites in the United States, with only three of these sites being in North Carolina.
Between 1816 and 1817 she made two voyages to the Indian Ocean or the East Indies, sailing under a license from the British East India Company (EIC).
On 23 December 1815 Woodford, Brady, master, arrived at Portsmouth, from London, bound for the Cape of Good Hope and Isle of France (Mauritius).
The president is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held on 21 February 2021.
The 171 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods; 158 members are elected from eight multi-member constituencies based on the seven regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation.
A further eight seats are reserved for national minorities and five seats (one for each permanently-inhabited continent) for Nigeriens living abroad, all elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting.
The event was produced by PilotStudio in collaboration with the Dutch broadcaster, AVROTROS and was broadcast on New Year's Day 2020.
The show was originally planned to be hosted by Dutch Eurovision commentators Cornald Maas and Jan Smit, however the later had to withdraw due to illness and was later replaced by one of his Eurovision 2020 co-hosts, Edsilia Rombley.
Former Dutch spokesperson Emma Wortelboer and Tim Douwsma, and Junior Eurovision Song Contest commentator Buddy Vedder also appeared as presenters during the show introducing some of the acts.
The original list of the performers also included Willeke Alberti, the Dutch representative at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994, who missed the show because of an illness.
Eurovision winners Finnish hard rock band Lordi (2007) and Russia's Dima Bilan (2008) were appealed to perform, but later they cancelled their participation.
The ruisseau L'Abbé (English: L'Abbé stream) is a freshwater tributary of the Pikauba River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province, in Quebec, to Canada.
The upper part of the ruisseau L’Abbé valley is accessible by route 169; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities .
The surface of L’Abbé Creek is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.
Ruthless is an upcoming American soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry and will premiere in 2020 on BET+.
The 2020 Liga 3 will be the fourth season of the Liga 3 under its current name, the fifth season under its current league structure, and the only amateur league football competition in Indonesia.
The Church of San Simeone Prophet () is the main Roman Catholic parish church in the district of La Valle in the town of Alvito, province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy.
The Mergosono massacre () was committed by Indonesian revolutionaries against members of the Chinese community of Mergosono in Malang, East Java on 31 July 1947 during the Indonesian National Revolution.
Suspected of espionage for the Dutch colonial authorities, 30 Chinese men and women were rounded up, tortured, and burned, before being buried at a former noodle factory.
Ann Roniger (February 13, 1943 – June 9, 2019), later Ann Roniger Hussong, was an American athlete, a high jumper and pentathlete.
Her high school in Elmdale, Kansas had no track team, so her father and brother built some practice equipment on the farm, and Roniger trained in nearby Emporia.
Ann Roniger attended Colorado State University in Fort Collins for one year, then transferred to the University of Hawaii, on a full athletic scholarship.
In 1956, Roniger broke the national standing broad jump record, and tied the National Junior Olympic record for the 50-year dash.
From 1957 to 1959, as a teenager in Elmdale, Kansas, Roniger was three-time Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) women's pentathlon national champion.
In 1958, she won three events, set two Ozark regional records, and finished with the highest total points across the five pentathlon events.
She continued competing as an athlete in college at Colorado State University, where she was a member of the school's first women's track and field team, along with sprinter Lillian Greene-Chamberlain, high jumper Ann Marie Flynn, and Rose Melanchuk.
The President is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held.
In the National Congress, the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected from 28 multi-member constituencies with between three and eight seats by open list proportional representation.
The 50 members of the Senate are elected for eight-year terms, with around half of the Senators renewed at each general election.
Senators are elected from 15 multi-member constituencies of between two and five seats based on the regions The 2021 elections will see 27 members elected, representing the regions of Antofagasta, Biobío, Coquimbo, O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Ríos, Magallanes and Santiago Metropolitan Region.
The original cookers are marketed as 6-in-1 or more appliances designed to consolidate the cooking and preparing of food to one device (multicooker).
In 2008, Robert Wang, Yi Quin, and one other friend, all former employees of Nortel in Ottawa, Canada, started working on designs for the Instant Pot.
The mountain's name was submitted by climber Dr. Curt Wagner for Beethoven's Archduke Trio, which was dedicated to Archduke Rudolf of Austria.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Archduke Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
The peak was named for its regal appearance, and for Beethoven's Emperor Concerto, as submitted by climber Curt Wagner who had climbed the mountain in 1967.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Emperor Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Alvine Emma Njolle Ngonja (born 9 May 1994) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a defender for Belarusian club FC Minsk and the Cameroon women's national team.
The List of awards and nominations received by Arilena Ara refers to the awards and nominations which were received by Albanian singer Arilena Ara.
Kënga Magjike is an annual competition, which has been broadcast every year since its debut in 1999, and the second longest-running television competition in Albania.
Festivali i Këngës is an annual competition, which has been broadcast every year since its debut in 1962, and the longest-running television competition in Albania.
Radonjić is best remembered for his time at Budućnost Titograd, holding the record as the club's all-time top scorer in the Yugoslav First League.
The game consists of two 8x16 grids, one for each player, where the Nyokis fall in pairs, and each player must gather several adjacent Nyokis to clear them from the board, and send nuisance Nyoki to the opponent.
Located at Morrison and Southeast Third, the building was designed by Brett Schulz Architects; Guerrilla Development and Pro-Teck Construction served as developer and contractor, respectively.
It is the story of a 30 years old girl Sayeh who in the middle of the big city is pursuing her dreams and ideals.
Mehraveh Sharifinia was granted the best actress award at Greece Bridges Peloponnesian International Film Festival for her role in this film.
The 1951 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1951 college football season.
In their eighth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 203 to 93.
3 black college football team for 1951 with a score of 23.71, behind only Florida A&M (24.71) and Morris Brown (24.43).
Edward Percy Sealy (23 August 1839 – 30 October 1903), also referred to as Edwin Sealy, was a New Zealand surveyor, photographer, explorer, farmer, and entomologist.
Born into a wealthy English family, Edward and his elder brother Henry received a good education but were orphaned at a young age.
They were involved in a very public scandal in 1876 when Edward beat a prominent member of parliament to some land that they were both interested in based on insider information that had been passed on by his brother.
Sealy was a collector of butterflies, moths and birds' eggs and his entomology collection was considered one of the most notable private collections in the world.
The South Canterbury Museum in Timaru holds his entomology collection, and his photographs are held by the South Canterbury Museum and Canterbury Museum in Christchurch.
The brothers' intention was to proceed to Hawke's Bay but the ship lay in Lyttelton Port for a month as much of the crew had deserted.
They also helped out land survey parties that worked in the district and during 1861, both of them worked as surveyors, Edward employed by the Hawke's Bay Provincial Council.
In 1874, the brothers won a tender for a survey contract further west and inland, with Edward working in the area near Burkes Pass.
His brother got into financial difficulties in the depression that started in the late 1870s; by January 1881 he had to sell his home 'Heathcliffe'.
The Sealy brothers caused a great scandal when Edward Richardson applied for land on behalf of his father, The Honourable Edward Richardson.
Richardson Jr was told to come back the next morning when the land office opened again but by that time, Edward had purchased the land on the advice of his brother.
This happened just prior to Henry finishing a contract survey of Saint Andrews township; this was completed on 9 May 1876.
Sealy's uncle in Patoka is assumed to have been the first commercial portrait photographer in New Zealand, advertising his trade in 1848.
In 1866, Sealy took his camera and other equipment to the upper Ashburton River and the Rangitata River, and the glaciers that feed these rivers.
During the following year, he explored the whole length of the Mueller Glacier and took photos of Aoraki / Mount Cook from there.
Dr Alfred Barker, a Christchurch-based doctor best known as a photographer, considered Sealy the best photographer in New Zealand at the time.
Over Christmas and New Year 1867, the brothers caught up and over the space of a few days socialised with the Canterbury elite: Francis Jollie (a member of parliament) at Christmas Day, John Acland (by then a member of the Legislative Council) at Boxing Day, then on to Charles George Tripp (a large runholder) followed by Dr Ben Moorhouse (another large runholder).
He took photos of Mount Darwin and Hochstetter Dome; this is the first time that these mountains were seen from the east side.
Some of Sealy's photos were exhibited as part of a map prepared by von Haast at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair, and Sealy won a silver medal for some of his photos.
When the New Zealand Alpine Club was founded in Christchurch in July 1891, Sealy was elected as one of the vice-presidents.
On 13 October 1873, he married Frances Sarah Sanderson (born 21 September 1855) at the family's homestead, Greta Peaks, near Scargill in the Hurunui District.
Henry Sealy and his wife Emma were living with them until their adjacent house, 'Heathcliffe', was ready by November that year.
Sealy cut his leg with a sickle during the time of the Richardson scandal in 1876 and spent a month in bed.
Von Haast named a number of geographic features in the Southern Alps for him, including Mount Sealy and the Sealy Tarns in the Sealy Range.
His brother's house, which was accessed via the same driveway, still stands, is known as 'Craighead', and has given its name to the girls' school, Craighead Diocesan School, that is now occupying the land.
When his granddaughter Audrey Barker died in February 1935, the Church of the Good Shepherd at Lake Tekapo was under construction.
She represented Ethiopia at the 2019 African Games in Rabat, Morocco and she won the bronze medal in the women's half marathon.
In the team event, together with Netsanet Gudeta and Zeineba Yimer, she won the gold medal with a combined time of 3:22:27.
The Pipes and Drums of The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa is an authorized pipe band in the Canadian Forces, attached to of Headquarters and Service Company of The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa.
During the Second World War, it accompanied the regiment during its tour of duty while based in Iceland and the United Kingdom.
The regiment also wears feather bonnets that are worn for ceremonial purposes the annual Remembrance Day parade near the National War Memorial.
Less formal orders of dress have generally been a mix of standard military service dress (either battle dress, DEU or shirtsleeves) and Highland dress as appropriate.
Bruh is an upcoming American television comedy series created, written, executive produced and directed by Tyler Perry that will premiere in 2020 on BET+.
She produces Finca Kilimanjaro coffee, which won the El Salvadorian coffee award Cup of Excellence in 2003, becoming the first woman coffee farmer to win the award.
Batlle operates three family coffee farms, Finca Los Alpes, Finca Kilamanjaro, and Finca Mauritania and an additional farm she owns personally, Finca Tanzania.
The Cumbok Affair (), also known as the Cumbok War (), was a series of battles that took place in the Pidie Regency of Aceh in the Dutch East Indies between 2 December 1945 and 16 January 1946.
Waterworks Road transports traffic between the Brisbane central business district and western suburbs such as Red Hill, Ashgrove and The Gap.
It was surveyed and named in 1864 as a direct route to the site of the Enoggera Dam, which was built from 1864 to 1866.
The tram line was extended from Red Hill to Jubilee Terrace in 1924, and then to Coopers Camp Road in 1935.
Connecting to the terminus of Musgrave Road (which leads into the city), Waterworks Road begins as a four-lane road in Red Hill.
The road then leads into the central section of Ashgrove and intersects with major roads such as Jubilee Terrace and Stewart Road.
It then climbs to the ridge line between Ithaca Creek and Enoggera Creek, and continues west to the Coopers Camp Road intersection.
From there it descends rapidly into the Enoggera Creek valley and proceeds west into the gap between the Taylor Range to the north and Mount Coot-tha to the south.
After crossing Enoggera Creek at Walton Bridge it follows the ridge line between Enoggera Creek and Fish Creek to its transition to Mt Nebo Road.
In 2018, it was proposed that Waterworks Road required an upgrade between Trout Street and Beth Eden Terrace in Ashgrove in order to improve traffic efficiency, reduce congestion and improve safety of road users.
The upgrade includes the addition of a secondary right-turn lane on the Waterworks Road - Stewart Road intersection, the addition of a left-turn lane on the Waterworks Road - Ashgrove Avenue intersection and the relocation of Bus stop 16 on Waterworks Road.
The Brisbane City Council has defined a number of local heritage places in Waterworks Road under the Queensland Heritage Act 1992.
The main frieze has been lost, but it is known that in the corners there were Snakes of Toltec style and that the panels of the walls contained Chaac masks, with a clear influence of Chichen Itza .
On one platform stands the six-room building, the partially well-preserved back of which has a facade design that combines many elements of the Puuc style, but in a form that can be found both in the late Uxmal style and in Chichen Itza.
For this purpose, the crumpled sembfelt sembrooms of the tripartite plinth are as characteristic as the cascades of Chaac masks, which are not, as in the Puuc style, related to striking architectural points, such as entrances and corners, and the division of the upper wall surface into fields with different décor.
At the right angle to the described building is another one with five rooms, from which the entrance to the middle is reminiscent of the Chenes-style snake-mouthed portals.
The tripartite base with alternating smooth surfaces, sifting groups and fields with slanted grids corresponds to the mammalian style of the Puuc.
The only well-preserved structure of this group consists of five rooms in a row, with another arranged behind the larger central space.
The first modern rediscovery efforts began in the winter of 1939 to 1940, with Wyllys Andrews' trip to the Yucatan specifically to explore the site.
Ahmad Baharvandi (; born 21 March 1998) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a Winger for Iranian club Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Immigrant Station and Assay Office Seattle is a four-story neoclassical style building located at 815 Airport Way South in Seattle, Washington.
As a new strain of rabies takes hold of Venezuelan capital Caracas, Dr. Adam Vargas and friend Johnny fight their way across the city to an international laboratory to create a cure, while also trying to find Adam's son who was staying in the countryside with his grandparents.
A report by Stephen Gibbs for CGTN America about the production described some difficulties that had been encountered in creating the film.
The film also suffered from its low budget and the fact that it was being made during the time of shortages in Venezuela.
Pedota has said that the crew managed to cheaply improvise many items of equipment and props, which they otherwise would have needed to import.
The only non-Venezuelan actor in the film is the Australian Genna Chanelle, a friend of Pedota's whom he asked to be involved.
In January 2020, as an act of defiance against the ban, the film was screened independently around Venezuela, in Mérida, Maracaibo, Barquisimeto and Caracas, including in the Alfredo Sadel Square.
Poore comments on the social situation, too: she notes that in one shot a dead body lies beneath a sign reading 'An achievement of the Bolivarian Revolution', and the film contains anti-Maduro graffiti.
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (also known as FedDev Ont) is a Canadian federal government agency responsible for fostering the innovation and business growth in southern Ontario region.
FedDev Ont is one of the six Regional Development Agencies in Canada, under the Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada's portfolio.
Its area of operations is in the 37 Statistics Canada's census divisions, from Cornwall in the east to Owen Sound in the west, and from Pembroke in the north to Windsor in the south.
Deyon Sizer (born August 16, 1996) is an American football defensive end for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).
The 1950 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1950 college football season.
In their seventh season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 9–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 267 to 80.
4 black college football team for 1950 with a score of 25.56, behind only Florida A&M (28.76), Southern (28.50), and Maryland State (2800).
Escape & Frontiers Live in Japan is a live album by American rock band Journey, recorded in 2017 and released in 2019.
Although Whichone earned important race wins as a three-year-old, injuries hampered his racing career including a bowed tendon sustained in the running of the 1930 Travers Stakes that ended his career.
A Harry Payne Whitney homebred, Whichone was a full brother to Mother Goose, herself an American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly in 1924.
Their sire was Chicle who was bred and foaled in France by their American owner due to the complete shutdown of horseracing in 1911 and 1912 in the state of New York as a result of the Legislature's passage of the Hart-Agnew Law.
Brought to the United States by owner/breeder Harry Payne Whitney, Chicle would become the Leading sire in North America in 1929 and the Leading broodmare sire in North America in 1942.
Chicle was the son of Spearmint, winner of the Epsom Derby in England and the Grand Prix de Paris in France, both races the then most prestigious in their country.
Danny Maher, U. S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee and twice the British flat racing Champion Jockey was quoted as saying that Spearmint was the best horse he ever rode.
Chicle won the 1915 Champagne Stakes in fast time beating a field of six other runners including Friar Rock who in 1916 would be named American Horse of the Year.
Racing Hall of Fame inductee Broomstick who in turn was sired by Ben Brush, twice a U.S. National Champion runner and Leading Sire as well as a U.S.
Trained by Jimmy Rowe Jr. and ridden by Linus McAtee, in 1929 the two-year-old Whichone had wins in three stakes races.
His first came in the August 10 Saratoga Special Stakes at Saratoga Race Course where he won by six lengths in beating eight other juveniles.
Not only was the Futurity the richest race anywhere in the world, Whichone earned $100,730 marking the first time in American history any horse had earned $100,000 for first place money.
but one that would prove costly because the colt came out of the race with an injury that would keep him out of the 1930 Kentucky Derby won by Gallant Fox who he had easily beaten by 6½ lengths in the Futurity.
In mid May it was reported the colt appeared sound and was scheduled to make his first start of the year on May 31 in the one mile Withers Stakes at Belmont Park.
In a tune-up race for the 1930 Belmont Stakes Whichone showed very good form with an easy win in the May 28 Ballot Handicap over one mile at Belmont Park.
Three days later, on a slow Belmont Park track, Whichone almost leisurely captured the May 31 Withers Stakes by four lengths in the slow time of 1:38 1/5 for the mile.
Under instructions from trainer Healey, jockey Raymond Workman continued running for another quarter mile in preparation for the mile and one-half Belmont Stakes.
The Belmont would be Whichone's third start in 11 days and he finished second in a field of just four runners.
On a track rated only as good, Whichone struggled until they made the turn for home but his challenge was not enough to catch Gallant Fox who won easily by three lengths and becoming the second horse to win the U.S.
Scheduled to compete against Gallant Fox again in the June 28 Dwyer Stakes, yet again Whichone came up with another injury and had to be scratched.
The quartercrack in a forefoot kept the colt out of racing until the August 6 Saranac Handicap at the Saratoga Race Course.
Once again, three days after that win, Whichone ran in the August 12 Miller Stakes as a final prep for the very important Travers Stakes in which he would be certain to meet Gallant Fox again.
He did it in the very fast time of 1:56 2/5 for a mile and three-sixteenths which broke the stakes record set by Enfilade in 1918 and equaled by the legendary Man o' War in 1920.
In what would become the most talked about upset in American Thoroughbred racing folklore, a 100 to1 longshot named Jim Dandy won the August 16, 1930 Travers Stakes beating runner-up Gallant Fox by six lengths.
Whichone finished five lengths further back in third being pulled up by jockey Raymond Workman when he knew the horse was seriously hurt.
While he would never sire any runner that was even remotely close to being his equal on the racetrack, he did produce several that met with some success.
From Whichone's first crop in 1932, a colt bred and retained by Sonny Whitney named Today looked very promising after he won the 1935 Wood Memorial Stakes by three lengths.
The 1952 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1952 college football season.
In their ninth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 255 to 77.
4 black college football team for 1952 with a score of 24.43, behind only Florida A&M (25.57), Virginia State (24.57), and Lincoln of Missouri (24.51).
Brigitte Omboudou (born 29 July 1992) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Amazone FAP and the Cameroon women's national team.
Outside Cameroon, she has made appearances for Belarusian Premier League club FC Minsk and Nigerian Women Premier League club Delta Queens FC.
Omboudou played for Cameroon at senior level in the 2015 African Games and the 2020 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament (fourth round).
The 1948 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1948 college football season.
In their fifth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 5–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 205 to 67.
Isabelle Mireille Mambingo Mambingo (born 10 April 1985) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for AS Green City and the Cameroon women's national team.
The 1955 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1955 college football season.
In their first season under head coach Howard C. Gentry, the Tigers compiled a 7–2 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 245 to 84.
Various women's theaters started up in the 1970s and 1980s, an outgrowth of the political and social activism of the times.
Early leaders included Michelene Wandor, Martha Boesing, Caryl Churchill and The Women's Theater Group (renamed as Sphinx Theatre Company in 1999) in London.
However, even with that increased parity, mens roles continue to outweigh women's roles in mainstream theater, and the situations and challenges facing women continue to be severe.
There are currently a large number of theaters again that are either explicitly feminist, explicitly women's theaters, or that define themselves as inclusive of women's perspectives specifically.
The Women's Movement resulted in feminist theatre around the U.S., in England, and in other parts of the world in the 1970s, and it has continued to be a global genre ever since.
The goals of feminist theatre continue to be extreme, including exploration of social injustices and inequalities in order to identify transformative possibilities and solutions.
The chartered company was founded by Marquis of Pombal, then a powerful Portuguese minister, to develop and control commercial activity in the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, including a monopoly of the trade in African slaves, given the prohibition of enslaving the indigenous peoples of the region, and of the naval transport of all merchandise to the region for a period of 20 years.
In accumulating so many privileges, the chartered company also caused resentment toward the local elites, which was neglected by the Marquis of Pombal who wanted to protect his financial interests in the region.
As an additional advantage for the government was that its control of the company gave it the means to cover up the widespread practice of smuggling and tax evasion.
Ships of the company left Belém, founded in 1616 by the kingdom, weighed down with rice, cotton, cocoa, ginger, wood and medicinal plants, and moreover the slave trafficking.
Between 1755 and 1777, the estimated population of African slaves - they had been taken from their homes in Cacheu, Bissau and Angola - grew from 3,000 to 12,000, all of whom had been bought with company funds.
With the death of the King of Portugal, Joseph I, and the fall of his powerful statesman the Marquis of Pombal, the period known as Viradeira began.
Mary I Queen, Joseph I's daughter, was contended with all of the Marquis of Pombal's policies, and in 1778 she not only revoked the monopoly but closed the company itself.
Bek Air Flight 2100 was a domestic passenger flight from Almaty to Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, operated by a Fokker 100 that crashed on 27 December 2019 while taking off from Almaty International Airport.
The aircraft involved was a Fokker 100 built in 1996 which previously flew with Formosa Airlines, Mandarin Airlines, Contact Air, and OLT Express Germany, before joining the Bek Air fleet in 2013 as UP-F1007.
The aircraft was also leased to Safi Airways in February 2017, returned to Bek Air, and finally leased to Air Djibouti in December 2018, before being returned again.
The plane took off from runway 05R and lost altitude shortly afterwards; during take-off its tail was reported to have hit the runway twice.
It reportedly turned to the right and hit a concrete perimeter fence, before impacting a two-storey building in a residential area, close to the perimeter track, at approximately 7:22a.m.
The front of the aircraft broke away from the main fuselage, sustaining significant damage, and the tail broke off at the rear.
The Ducal Palace or Palazzo Ducale of Atina is a 14th-century gothic-style, government palace in Piazza Saturno, in the center of the town of Atina, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy.
The town was rebuilt at the original site of the Ancient Roman town, and a hamlet built by the Counts of Aquino.
Above the entrance is an Ancient Roman spolia, poorly conserved, of a low relief depicting a votive offering, dating to the first Imperial period.
The 2020 Orlando City B season is the club's fourth year of existence and their second since returning from hiatus during the 2018 season.
It is their second season as a founding member of USL League One, the third tier of the United States soccer pyramid, after moving from the second tier (USL Championship) in the restructuring.
The team also moved from Montverde Academy where they spent the 2019 season, to the newly-refurbished Osceola County Stadium at Orlando City's new training complex in Kissimmee, Florida.
For the 2020 season, USL League One expanded by a net total of two teams following the addition of Union Omaha, New England Revolution II and Inter Miami II while Lansing Ignite folded after only one season.
The season will consist of twelve teams competing in a single table with the league's regular season consisting of 28 games in which everyone will play six teams three times and the remaining five teams in a standard two game home-and-away series.
Due to their ownership by a more advanced level professional club (Orlando City SC), Orlando City B is ineligible for the Cup competition.
She is professor of political science and religious studies and holds the Crown Chair in Middle East Studies at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.
Hurd is known for her work on Religion and politics in the United States, religion and Foreign policy of the United States, and religion and international relations.
Her research has been supported by the Henry Luce Foundation and the American Council of Learned Societies/Luce Program in Religion, Journalism and International Affairs.
She is a long-time contributor to The Immanent Frame digital forum on Secularism, religion, and the public sphere and a founding member of the Program in Middle East and North African Studies at Northwestern University.
The government of Changsha () is the top-tier local government administrative body of the People's Republic of China that governs the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan province.
The current mayor is , the executive vice mayor is Xia Jianping, and the current vice-mayors are Tang Xiangyang, Li Wei, Liu Mingli, Qiu Jixing, Liao Jianhua, Tan Yong and Zhang Nengfeng.
The Betta mahachaiensis, is a species of bubble-nesting fighting fish native to Thailand, where they occur naturally near the Gulf of Thailand.
It was found in the Samut Sakhon Province of Thailand,and the name is a derivation of the Thai name for the sub-district.
It contains only a single species, Cabarzia trostheidei, which is based on a well-preserved skeleton found in red beds of the Goldlauter Formation.
This holotype specimen, NML-G2017/001, was discovered in 1989 by Frank Trostheide, a fossil collector prospecting at the Cabarz Quarry in the Thuringian Forest of Germany.
This quarry preserves a large portion of the Goldlauter Formation, which is a sequence of Early Permian red beds, lake sediments, and volcanic layers slightly older than the nearby Artinskian or Kungurian-age red beds of the Tambach Formation.
Preliminary study of the specimen tentatively considered it an araeoscelidian diapsid reptile, but a 2019 study by Frederik Spindler, Ralf Werneburg, and Jörg W. Schneider reasoned against that assignment after comparing the postcranial anatomy of small Permian amniotes such as basal synapsids, parareptiles, and eureptiles.
Like other varanopids (and diapsids), the tibia and fibula were each relatively long, more than 80% the length of the femur.
The advantage of passive bipedalism is not fully understood, even in living reptiles, though it may be involved with increased coordination or assistance in the capture of flying insects.
A police officer, Mihailic has been a member of the Bundestag since 2013 and domestic policy spokeswoman for the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group since 2016.
She trained as a police officer and studied at the Fachhochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-Westfalen (University of Applied Sciences North Rhine-Westphalia), graduating as a Diplom-Verwaltungswirt (FH).
In the 2013 Bundestag elections, she ran in the Gelsenkirchen constituency and in 7th place on the North Rhine-Westphalia state list of Alliance 90/The Greens.
In the 2017 Bundestag elections, Mihalic again entered the Bundestag, this time in 5th place on the NRW Alliance 90/The Greens state list.
Irene Mihalic is chairwoman of the 1st investigative committee of the 19th Bundestag for the attack at Breitscheidplatz in Berlin, to which she was appointed by the Bundestag on 1 March 2018.
Previously, she was chairwoman of the second NSU investigative committee of the Bundestag (November 2015 to June 2017) and chairwoman of the investigative committee on the Edathy affair (July 2014 to December 2015).
Initially, she acted as spokeswoman for internal security in the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group and, until 2017, as chairman of the interior committee.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1996 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Sulfonium-based oxidations of alcohols to aldehydes summarizes a group of organic reactions that transform a primary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde (and a secondary alcohol to the corresponding ketone).
Conceptually, generating an aldehyde and dimethylsulfide from an alcohol and DMSO requires a dehydrating agent for removal of HO, ideally an electrophile simultaneously activating DMSO.
In comparisons, sulfonium-based methods are popular because reactions are efficient (high yields, comparably fast, no over-oxidation, few side reactions, reproducible results), reaction conditions are mild (low temperature, no strong acids or bases), reactions are operationally simple (no specialized equipment or uncommon and/or costly reagents necessary, byproducts often easily separated, tolerant of oxygen and moisture,) and they generally avoid highly toxic starting materials and toxic waste disposal.
However, the reactions are not too popular with many undergraduate chemistry students in the laboratory since the common byproduct dimethylsulfide is a strong odorant, reminiscent of fouling eggs, that requires a well-ventilated fume hood.
Other drawbacks might include excess of base, handling of the dehydrating agent, limited choice of solvent or side reactions at elevated temperature, e.g.
In consequence this means that the activity of the oxidation can not be tuned at will by increasing the reaction temperature, e.g.
The sulfonium oxidations can be categorized into two groups: The methods discovered earliest rely on activated alcohols like alkyl tosylates (Kornblum) or alkyl chloroformates (from reaction of alcohols with phosgene: Barton-Kornblum) that react as electrophiles when treated with DMSO, liberating an oxygenated leaving group (e.g.
However, the additional step for pre-activation of the alcohol and sometimes harsh reaction conditions for the nucleophilic displacement proved less convenient.
Depicted below is the activated sulfoxide generated during Swern oxidation 4 reacting with a secondary alcohol 5 to form alkoxysulfonium species 6.
These activated sulfoxides react as electrophiles when treated with an alcohol, expelling a leaving group that might simultaneously function as counter-ion to the alkoxysulfonium species () generated.
Upon deprotonation – usually assisted by a mild base like triethylamine – the alkoxysulfonium species decomposes, yielding the aldehyde and dimethylsulfide.
The Rivière aux Écorces valley is mainly accessible by the route 169 (route d'Iberville); other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities..
The surface of the Rivière aux Écorces is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.
Barrage de Portage-des-Roches, then follows the course of the Chicoutimi River on to the east, then the northeast, and the course of the Saguenay River on east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.
The burger contains batter & breaded patty which is made of peas, corn, carrots, green beans, onions, potatoes, rice and spices, with eggless mayonnaise and also lettuce, which was served in a sesame toasted bun, to make it into a vegetarian-based burger.
They also serve in Hongkong, Germany in February 2010, South Australia on May 2019, Finland and Sweden in 2017, Belgium and Greece, Malaysia, Portugal in 2016, Switzerland, and also in New Zealand as of December 2019.
Mortimer P. Gallivan (February 27, 1914 – August 28, 1990) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1970.
The official Laureano Gómez bridge (), which was popularly named after its promoter as Pumarejo bridge (), is a bridge in Colombia, built over the Magdalena River to connect the Salamanca Island Road Park and the city of Barranquilla.
The entire bridge is based on piles that go up to below the water level and is long and wide, with main span of , and is built of concrete.
Joonas Kasperi Könttä (born 13 December 1989 in Lieksa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Central Finland constituency.
Markus Samuli Lohi is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Lapland constituency.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election.
Apart from Woodrow Wilson’s two elections, during the first of which the GOP was severely divided, no Democrat since William Jennings Bryan in 1900 had carried a single county in the state.
In 1924 Oregon had nonetheless been the fifth-strongest of the fifteen Western and Plains States for Democrat John W. Davis behind Ozark mountaineer-dominated Nebraska, Mormon Utah and southern-leaning New Mexico and Arizona.
Moreover, although maverick Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette Sr. fared less well than in the other Pacific States, he still gained nearly one in four of Oregon’s ballots as an independent.
However, when La Follette died in 1925 his family endorsed New York City Catholic Democrat Al Smith, towards whose faith Oregon’s largely Puritan (in the northwest) or Ozark Methodist (in the south and east), Anglo-Saxon and fiercely anti-Catholic populace was strongly hostile.
Despite this severe wariness, Smith did manage to win the state’s Democratic presidential primary against token opposition from Missouri Senator James Reed and Montana Senator Thomas Walsh, whilst Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover won the state’s Republican primary unopposed with over six times as many voters.
From the beginning polls showed opposition to Smith’s Catholicism and anti-Prohibition views as very strong in Oregon, and neither major party would campaign in the state during the fall.
October polls showed Hoover winning the state by a two-to-one margin and Smith gaining no more than a quarter of the La Follette vote.
Consequently, Republican nominee Hoover was able to gain 13.17 percent upon Calvin Coolidge’s 1924 performance in the Beaver State and become the fifth Republican in seven presidential elections to sweep all Oregon’s counties.
Sean P. Walsh (born February 24, 1950) is an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 82nd district from 1977 to 1982.
Raymond Anthony Roundtree (born April 19, 1966) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Detroit Lions.
The right-back, who can also be deployed in an attacking position, has represented Kerala football team in Santosh Trophy, Calicut University in the All-India Inter-University Football Championship.
In 2017 he was signed by Kerala Blasters FC for three years contract.He was part of Kerala Blasters FC Reserves team.
In 2018-19 season he was sent on loan at Gokulam Kerala, He made his professional debut for the Gokulam Kerala F.C.
Uroctonus mordax, known generally as the California forest scorpion or western forest scorpion, is a species of scorpion in the family Vaejovidae.
Venues for the festival include Ohio State University's Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum, Hale Hall, and the Wexner Center for the Arts; and downtown Columbus' Columbus Metropolitan Library, the Columbus Museum of Art, and the Columbus College of Art and Design.
Cartoon Crossroads Columbus gives out an annual Emerging Artist Prize; they have also distributed Master Cartoonist awards and a Transformative Work Award.
CXC is held in conjunction each year with SÕL-CON: The Brown And Black Comics Expo, also held in Columbus, founded in 2015 by comics scholars Frederick Aldama, John Jennings, and Ricardo Padilla.
In 2017, Kat Fajardo was the recipient of the Emerging Talent Award, and Laura Park was the recipient of Columbus Museum of Art Columbus Comics Residency.
It also featured a history of British animation (selected by the British Film Institute) and a panel discussion on the impact of the presidency of Donald Trump on political cartooning.
It is a partial dugout building, with horizontal log walls on the outside, vertical log braces on the interior, and dry rock retaining walls extending out from both sides of the front.
UFC Fight Night 173 (also known as UFC on ESPN+ 31) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on April 25, 2020 at Pinnacle Bank Arena in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States.
A light heavyweight bout between former UFC Light Heavyweight Championship challengers Anthony Smith and Glover Teixeira is expected to serve as the event headliner.
Born in Linz, Schulz, violinist Gerhard Schulz' older brother, received his first flute lessons from 1956 with Christiane Schwamberger and Willi Bauer at the Music School in Linz, followed by training with Rudolf Leitner at the Anton Bruckner Private University.
From September 1 1970 he joined the Vienna Volksoper and on 1 March 1973 he finally became a member of the Vienna Philharmonic.
Among his students were Gisela Mashayekhi-Beer, Christian Landsmann, Elizabeth Pring, Günther Voglmayr, , Krzysztof Kaczka, Michael Martin Kofler, Karin Leitner and Helmut Trawöger.
With his son Matthias Schulz, also a flautist and since 2005 engaged in the Vienna State Opera Stage Orchestra, he performed together again and again.
In December 2019, the song and Aujla were the most-listened song and artist respectively on YouTube in Punjab, India and Chandigarh.
The music video was released on YouTube on 3 December 2019 by Rehaan Records and it trended for over nine days in Punjab, India.
Ruiz was born Adela María Ruiz González in a home in the municipality of Grado, Asturias, Spain to parents, José María and Rosalina.
That same year, she met her future husband, a Panamanian national and fellow student at the University of Salamanca named Aristides Royo.
With Child: A Diary of Motherhood is a non-fiction book by Phyllis Chesler, a feminist who gave birth to a son, published on October 26, 1979 by T. Y. Crowell.
Those finals were held on January 23, for the first time on Kosovo soil in Pristina, and she placed second, behind Irma Libohova and ahead of Pirro Çako.
The 1987 Women's Junior World Handball Championship was the sixth edition of the tournament which took place in Denmark from 23 October to 1 November 1987.
For the second time in a row, a team had to withdraw before the tournament with Argentina withdrawing to lower the number of teams to fifteen.
The Soviet Union took home their fifth gold medal in the final and their third in a row after defeating host nation Denmark by nine goals in the final.
The Danish Thundersport Championship (DTC) is a Danish motorsport series, administered by DTC Motorsport A / S (DTC A / S).
DTC had its first season in 2012 and is a sports car series featuring American muscle cars of the CCRMK1 type.
António José Cardoso de Oliveira (born 9 October 1982), commonly known as Toni, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a central defender, and is the assistant manager of Brazilian club Santos FC.
He made his professional debut on 18 September, coming on as a second-half substitute for Kali in a 1–3 away loss against Varzim S.C..
After being rarely used, Toni subsequently represented Casa Pia A.C., Clube Oriental de Lisboa and G.D. Fabril, retiring with the latter in 2011 at the age of just 29.
In late January 2014, after being a coach of A.D. Oeiras' under-19 squad, Toni moved to Iran to join his father's staff at Tractor Sazi F.C..
Both left the club in 2019, and in December of that year, he became Jesualdo Ferreira's assistant at Santos FC of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1997 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Carrie Ann or Carrie-Ann is a blended name combining Carrie and Ann that is an English feminine given name derived from the names Karl and Hannah.
He held various positions in the army, including head of the National Leadership Academy, and served as a brigadier during the Uganda–Tanzania War of 1978 and 1979.
He studied at Makerere University in Uganda from 1958 until 1964, graduating as a Master of Arts with a teaching certificate.
Lupogo joined the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) on 23 July 1965 and was commissioned as an officer on 21 January 1966.
In 1970 he went to North Korea as part of a military delegation to inspect units of the Korean People's Army.
From 1971 to 1974 Lupogo was Commandant of the TPDF's Officer Cadet School and from 1974 until 1976 he acted as the Tanganyika African National Union's assistant secretary for defence and security.
The TPDF embarked on a programme of expansion and in January 1979 Lupogo acted as a recruitment officer at the military camp in Makambako.
When Tanzanian commanders feared that a Ugandan regiment was due to attack them from Mubende, they dispatched Lupogo and his brigade north from Masaka to intercept it.
Their efforts were unsuccessful and Tanzanian morale steadily dropped until TPDF commanders decided to withdraw Lupogo and replace him with Brigadier Muhiddin Kimario.
After the fall of Kampala, Lupogo was contacted by one of his former professors from Makerere University about the status of the body of Hans Poppe, a Tanzanian police official who had been killed in a 1971 border clash with Uganda and since kept in a Kampala mortuary.
Following the end of his military service, Lupogo acted variously as the Regional Commissioner for Iringa, Director General of the Arusha International Conference Centre, and Board Chairman of the Benjamin Mkapa Foundation.
He fell ill and died on 19 October 2014 at Lugalo Military Hospital in Dar es Salaam at the age of 76.
President Jakaya Kikwete expressed his condolences to the TPDF and Lupogo's family in his wake, and thanked him for his service to the country.
According to the biography of Theodotus of Amida, when the young Theodotus, a monk of Qenneshre, was preparing to leave the monastery, Theodore convinced him to prolong his stay for one year because he foresaw that his own death approaching.
Theodotus remained in Qenneshre until Theodore's death and attended the patriarch's funeral before making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and Egypt.
Guaireña Fútbol Club is a professional football club from Villarrica, Paraguay, currently playing in the Paraguayan Primera División after their promotion at the end of the 2019 season.
The club was founded in 2016, based on the team representing the Liga Guaireña de Fútbol, which was founded in 1916 and was five-time winner of the Campeonato Nacional de Interligas (third tier competition for UFI clubs).
Born in Gmunden, Trawöger studied flute with Rudolf Leitner, Walter Haseke and Kurt Redel and graduated from the Universität Mozarteum Salzburg in 1973.
From 1992 to 2011 he was professor for transverse flute, didactics and professional internship at the Anton Bruckner Private University in Linz.
In Grieskirchen he was Kapellmeister of the Stadtkapelle of the city from 1975 to 1982 and from 1975 to 1990 director of the local Music School.
From 1990 to 1995 he was director of the Oberösterreichisches Landesmusikschulwerk and from 1989 to 1995 he conducted the Upper Austrian Youth Orchestra as well as the Upper Austrian Chamber Orchestra.
His daughter Karin Bonelli is a flautist in the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera and member of the Vienna Philharmonic.
The 1955 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1955 college football season.
In their eighth season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled a 9–0 record (7–0 against conference opponents), won the CIAA championship, and shut out seven of nine opponents.
Key players included sophomore back Johnny Sample who went on to play 11 seasons in the National Football League and American Football League.
In abstract algebra, the Eakin–Nagata theorem states: given commutative rings formula_1 such that formula_2 is finitely generated as a module over formula_3, if formula_2 is a Noetherian ring, then formula_3 is a Noetherian ring.
The theorem can also be deduced from the characterization of a Noetherian ring in terms of injective modules, as done for example by David Eisenbud in ; this approach is useful for a generalization to non-commutative rings.
The following more general result is due to Edward W. Formanek and is proved by an argument rooted to the original proofs by Eakin and Nagata.
By assumption, the set of all formula_7, where formula_8 is an ideal of formula_3 such that formula_10 is not Noetherian has a maximal element, formula_11.
Choose a set of generators formula_21 of formula_6 and then note that formula_20 is faithful if and only if for each formula_24, the inclusion formula_25 implies formula_26.
Thus, it is clear that Zorn's lemma applies to the set formula_18, and so the set has a maximal element, formula_28.
In March 2019, about 600 people rallied in support of her at a protest in front of the prime minister's office.
Eastlake / 124th is a railway station, currently under construction, on the N Line of the Denver RTD commuter rail system.
Connection to Routes 120, 128, and 144 of the RTD local bus system are planned, however bus routes are prone to re-evaluation before opening.
Loney was given the position of second harp for the SSO and in 1963, when Vidler retired, she was appointed principal harpist.
In 1965, Loney spent some time in the US studying with Alice Chalifoux, principal harp with the Cleveland Orchestra, and attending the Salzedo Summer School.
After she returned to Australia, Loney formed the Harp Association of Sydney, began to teach at the Conservatorium, broadcast on radio, gave talks, and put on chamber music concerts with SSO colleagues, some with young students playing small pieces.
The Bangladesh Women's Football League is the top division women's club football competition of Bangladesh established 2011.The league hosted and run by Bangladesh Football Federation.
Bangladesh Women's Football League is the country’s top flight domestic women's football league which is founded in 2011 by Bangladesh Football Federation.
The 2019–20 Karnataka Women's League season is the second season of the Karnataka Women's League, the top division of women's football league in the Indian State of Karnataka.
While Bangalore United entered the league as defended champion, Kickstart won the competition remaining unbeaten in all the six games it played.
It was produced by TM88 and El Michels, with co-production by Mike Dean and written by the producers of the song, alongside Don Toliver, Quavo, and Offset.
Offset's verse in the song references his relationship with American rapper Cardi B and the strain that relationship endured during Cephus' infidelity scandal in 2018.
Internationally, the song peaked at number 42 in Canada, number 44 in Switzerland, number 60 in the United Kingdom, and number 14 on Sweden's Heatseekers chart.
Her parents, Albert and Connie Birchfield, were well known communists and she has described her embarrassment as a teenager at seeing her mother making a speech on a soapbox in Courtenay Place, or her father selling the People’s Voice in Cuba St.
She has written novels for both adults and children, and her short fiction has appeared in anthologies and educational publications and been broadcast on radio.
The 1955 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1955 college football season.
In their 20th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 7–2–1 record, won the SWAC championship, and were ranked No.
From 2001 until his possible death in 2019, Klepetan traveled from South Africa to Brodski Varoš, Croatia, each spring to mate with Malena, who is unable to travel due to a gunshot injury.
Croatia is a popular nesting spot for white storks; some 1,500 nesting pairs reside in the country, with some villages having more storks than people.
Croatian janitor Stjepan Vokic found Malena while fishing in 1993; she had been shot by hunters and was unable to fly.
Through a radio tracking band, it was determined that Klepetan made an month-long journey from South Africa to Croatia to meet up with Malena each year.
In 2019, a bird that may have been Klepetan showed up unusually early to Brodski Varoš and died on August 28, however there is some speculation that it was a different stork due to its odd behavior.
The Lillooet Suspension Bridge was constructed in 1913, replacing a truss bridge that was completed in 1889, which itself replaced a reaction-cable ferry that had been operating between 1860 and 1888.
The suspension bridge carried one lane of vehicle traffic until the completion of the Bridge of the Twenty-Three Camels in 1981.
The Lillooet Naturalist Society also advocated for the installation bat houses on the structure as a part of the restoration project.
Wolf Gruner is a German academic who has been the first Director of the Center for Advanced Genocide Research at the University of Southern California Shoah Foundation since 2014.
Top 100 España is a record chart published weekly by PROMUSICAE (Productores de Música de España), a non-profit organization composed of Spanish and multinational record companies.
This association tracks both physical (including CDs and vinyl) and digital (digital download and streaming) record consumption and sales in Spain.
Ludo is an upcoming 2020 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Anurag Basu and produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar and Basu under their respective banners T-Series and Anurag Basu Productions.
The film features Abhishek Bachchan, Rajkummar Rao, Fatima Sana Shaikh, Aditya Roy Kapur, Sanya Malhotra, Pankaj Tripathi, Asha Negi, Pearle Maaney and Rohit Suresh Saraf .
The building was designed by the studio of the architect Guillermo Gómez Platero, with the collaboration of Enrique Cohe and Roberto Alberti.
First unveiled in the Russian Army Expo 2017 alongside the AM-17, the AMB-17 (, awaiting GRAU designation), is an integrally suppressed assault rifle that uses a heavy subsonic 9×39mm SP5 cartridge and armor-piercing SP6 cartridge.
It was developed and manufactured by in the late 2010s by Kalashnikov Concern based on the Yevgeny Dragunov MA Compact Rifle.
The weapon is intended for use as a close quarters weapon, primarily for special units of the Russian Interior Ministry and the Russian Army to replace the AS Val and VSS Vintorez firearms.
The AMB-17 unlike previous firearms in current use with the Russian military differentiates itself by employing two receivers that connect on a hinge instead of a single stamped receiver with a lid.
To do this the upper receiver itself is made from polymer and steel reinforcements, while the lower receiver along with its magazine housing is made entirely from polymer and connected to the upper receiver by two captive take down cross-pins reducing the weight of the firearm significantly and allowing for easier access into the internal operation.
The gas operated action within is a short stroke gas piston and rotary bolt which locks with three radial lugs on the bolt head similar to previous 9x39mm carbines such as the VSK-94.
The bolt carrier within the upper receiver is almost streamline by design raising it towards the bolt group reducing both bolt friction and felt user recoil.
The weapon has an integral suppressor mounted on the front of the upper receiver which wraps around the barrel, to fit this suppressor the AMB-17 employs a wider opening within its handguard compared to its sister AM-17 along with the front of the upper receiver which also allows for an integrated handguard half-length MIL-STD/1913 Picatinny railing.
The integrated upper also includes a full-length MIL-STD/1913 Picatinny railing, polymer side-folding and adjustable (telescoping) shoulder stock, and longitudinal slots in the walls of the upper receiver allowing for ambidextrous controls in both the fire selector and charging handle.
It is equipped with a hardened steel or tungsten tip and can penetrate a high-density steel plate at 100 m; a steel plate or a standard army helmet can be fully penetrated at 500 m; however, the rifle is typically employed under 400 m.
The ferry was established in 1860 in order to connect two sections of Cariboo Road across the Fraser River during the height of the Cariboo Gold Rush.
The ferry operated until 1888, when a truss bridge was built further upstream at the site of what is now the Lillooet Suspension Bridge.
In 2016, after the opposition handed over to the National Electoral Council the signatures collected to convene a recall referendum of President Nicolás Maduro, Cabello expressed on 4 May in the program that the directors of public bodies they signed were to leave.
In 2017, Cabello presented a video on his program in which the violinist and activist Wuilly Arteaga was heard supporting the government of Nicolás Maduro.
Wuilly reported that he was forced to record clandestinely every day without being able to take off his clothes and that the statements were manipulated.
On 12 February 2015, Libertador Municipality Mayor Jorge Rodríguez during a special broadcast, denounced the participants of an alleged attempt planned by aviation general Oswaldo Hernández, who was convicted in May 2014 along with nine other military personnel for the crimes of rebellion and against military decorum.
National Assembly president Diosdado Cabello announced the arrests of eight people in Aragua by officials of the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN) and the seizure of various equipment, including a computer with information on the tactical objectives of the coup group.
During the program, Mayor Jorge Rodríguez accused National Assembly deputy and opposition politician Julio Borges of choosing the places indicated as tactical objectives.
Cabello also revealed the alleged possession of AR-15 rifles, grenades, military and security uniforms, as well as an eight-minute video with a statement from the protagonists.
According to Cabello, the bombing would be carried out with a Tucano artillery planeafter publishing a statement in the national press requesting the government, among other things, the dissolution of public powers, the call for elections and the affiliation to organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and later the military would issue a uniformed message where they would make a called the population to calm.
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) has expressed concerns about how the program has intimidated people that went to the IACHR denouncing the government.
arrangements of two human rights defenders in his program and how he routinely shows state monitoring of people that may disagree with the government.
Cabello has been accused by Venezuelan public of inciting hatred against opponents through the program, as he is frequently seen accusing and incriminating Venezuelan opposition activists and citizens, as well as international personalities, with alleged coup plans and/or terrorists against the government of Nicolás Maduro.
A graduate of Boys High School, where he was a track athlete, City College of New York and St. John's University School of Law, he was an Assistant Attorney General of the State of New York from 1967 to 1969.
His team of 40–50 girls, age 9 and up, practiced in hallways and jumped fences into schoolyards after dark in order to train; later, the Pratt Institute made facilities available.
Among Thompson's success stories were Olympic silver medalist Cheryl Toussaint; Gold and Silver medalist Diane Dixon, who was also two time World Indoor Champion; and silver medalist Grace Jackson who finished second to Florence Griffith-Joyner's 200 meter world record.
Traditionally, most mechanistic and mechanistic-empirical models are developed using deterministic approaches, but more recently researchers and practitioners have become interested in probabilistic models.
If a state or class of the performance measure is of interest, Markov models and classification machine learning algorithms can be utilized.
A limitation of Markov models is that they cannot consider the history of maintenance, which are among important attribute for predicting the future conditions.
A large portion of probabilistic deterioration models are developed based on Markov chain, which is a probabilistic discrete event simulation model.
For instance, in the case of pavement deterioration modeling, the PCI can be categorized into seven classes: good, satisfactory, fair, poor and very poor (or simply 1 to 5).
A Markov model is then developed to predict the probability of transition from state 1 to each of other states in a number of years.
More complex models known as semi-Markov models can account for history of maintenance, but their calibration requires a great deal of longitudinal data.
Recently, efforts have been made to train Markov deterioration models to consider the impact of climate, but generally it is not possible to have climatic attributes or traffic as an input in these types of models.
Despite their high learning capability, neural networks have been criticized for their black-box nature, which does not provide enough room for interpretation of the model.
Examples of other algorithms used for deterioration modeling are decision tree, k-NN, random forest, gradient boosting trees, random forest regression, and naive Bayes classifier.
The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom.
Since 2004 the chart has been based on the sales of both physical singles and digital downloads, with airplay figures excluded from the official chart.
Since 2014, the singles chart has been based on both sales and streaming, with the ratio altered in 2017 to 150:1 streams and only three singles by the same artist eligible for the chart.
This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 2020, as well as singles which peaked in 2019 but were in the top 10 in 2020.
The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time (week ending, as published by the Official Charts Company, which is six days after the chart is announced).
Four artists have achieved their first charting top 10 single in 2020 (as of 6 February 2020, week ending), either as a lead or featured artist.
The following table (collapsed on desktop site) does not include acts who had previously charted as part of a group and secured their first top 10 solo single.
The following table shows artists who have achieved two or more top 10 entries in 2020, including singles that reached their peak in 2019.
The figures include both main artists and featured artists, while appearances on ensemble charity records are also counted for each artist.
Town tramway systems include all light rail, tram, interurban, streetcar, or other comparable modes of public transport which uses rails while mainly traveling among other traffic.
Due to the major adjustments in the last season's league calendar, the start of the league's 45th season will be set on March 1, 2020 at the Smart Araneta Coliseum.
The first official activity for this season was the 2019 PBA draft, held before the semifinals of the 2019 PBA Governors' Cup.
The composer Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672) lived here during his later years; the house is now a museum about his life and work.
Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, staying overnight at the inn in 1599, discovered Heinrich's musical talent and offered to have him educated; Heinrich moved to the landgrave's court in Kassel, where he was a choirboy.
Schütz bought the house in 1651, for his retirement, and he lived here from 1657, with his widowed sister Justina Thörmer.
Staff at the museum carry out research about Schütz and about the musical life of Weißenfels, resulting in publications, exhibitions and events.
After finishing high school in 1915 he joined St. Aloysius College, Mangalore and then went to Presidency College, Madras where he graduated with a BA in botany.
He then joined as an agricultural officer in Bengal and from 1922 to 1928 as a mycologist at the cotton research scheme in Dharwad studying cotton wilt.
He went to Iowa State University and obtained a PhD in 1930 after which he joined the Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
Albert Bond Lambert House (also known as 2 Hortense Place) is a home in St. Louis, Missouri that was owned by American aviation benefactor, pharmaceutical company heir, and Olympic golfer Albert Bond Lambert.
The nearly 12,000 square foot Neoclassical-style home was designed by noted architect George W. Hellmuth and was built between 1902 and 1903.
The King of Sweden also visited this house with the fireplace in the solarium apparently being a gift from the king.
As is customary of Shinbutsu-shūgō tradition, Shinto kami are also enshrined at Ryōhō-ji such as Ugajin, an agricultural deity closely associated with the Buddhist deity Benzaiten.
In May 2009, the temple installed an illustrated signboard featuring Buddhist and Shinto deities as anime characters, prompting the popular name .
In order to provide a cheerful atmosphere for visitors, the enshrined , an eccentric, stylized form of the goddess, is presented through various forms of music and entertainment.
August 2010 saw the release of a theme song for Ryōhō-ji, , under the Ryōhō-j Records label created by music ensemble IOSYS.
The Master Mariner is the author’s final work, unfinished at the time of his death, but published in its incomplete form.
Based on the legend of the Wandering Jew, it tells the story of Matthew Lawe, an Elizabethan English seaman who, as punishment for an act of cowardice, is doomed to sail the world's seas until the end of time.
Matthew Lawe, a former pupil at Barnstable Poor School who ran away to sea, is first seen as coxswain to Sir Francis Drake on his flagship, Revenge.
As the Spanish Armada sails to invade England in 1588, Lawe is ordered to take command of the Thomas, one of several fire ships that will be sent against the Spanish galleons.
At a critical moment, Lawe’s courage deserts him and he jumps overboard from the burning ship, leaving Jem, a mortally injured fellow sailor, to his fate.
Lawe is rescued by a galleon, San Virgilio, which fights its way up the North Sea and around the Scottish coast.
They send a foraging party ashore at Tobermory on the Isle of Mull, but many of the party are massacred by the locals.
They manage to bring back a haggard old woman who claims to be the hereditary witch of the local clan with prophetic powers.
Lawe, learning that he is likely to be burned as a heretic at the insistence of the ship’s fanatical priest, manages to escape onto the Isle of Mull, before the ship does indeed catch fire and explode.
The ship sails to Canada to discover the fabled Northwest passage, but becomes ice-bound in what is later named Hudson’s Bay.
When Morgan proposes a raid by several ships under his command to take Panama, the despatch point for Spanish treasure galleons, Lawe is one of those who disagrees with Morgan’s grand plan.
He takes service on a small French patache, captained by Simon Montbarre (a character possibly based on the historical Daniel Montbars),who is even more ruthless than Morgan.
They land on a small unnamed island, where they find fresh water and fresh food, then set up lanterns on the palm trees to lure ships to the reef that they may loot them.
Finally sick of the slaughter, Lawe contrives to rescue a young girl and they hide inland, knowing that Montbarre will assume them to have taken a longboat out to sea.
He allows the child to also die, buries them and gives himself up to visiting Caribs, who take him by boat to Barbados.
Here, in a tavern, he meets a fellow sailor from Morgan’s ship, who tells him that both Morgan and Montbarre still seek him.
King Charles II, his current Mistress, the Duchess of Portsmouth, the Secretary to the Navy, Samuel Pepys and many other high and mighty people are there to see the launch of a new Royal Yacht, the ‘HMY Fubbs’, named after the Duchess (her nickname).
Lawe joins the hangers- on and learns that whoever recovers the ship’s golden christening cup that will be thrown into the water can demand a ransom for it.
He also contrives to speak to Pepys, who explains something of his efforts to professionalise the navy and improve conditions for seamen.
Lawe’s store of money dwindles after much visiting of Portsmouth taverns with his new fair-weather friends, and he ships on a collier, arriving at the Pool of London a year later.
By pure chance, through his assistance to a Thames waterman, he again meets Pepys, who has just received a new appointment which gives him wide powers within the Navy.
Impressed with Lawe, he takes him in as a clerk, a position that Lawe works hard at, although unaccustomed to office work.
From Pepys, Lawe learns something of London’s recent history which is unaware of, including the Great Fire of London in 1666 which Pepys witnessed, and the Great Plague of London a year earlier.
He serves both King Charles and his successor, James ll, but when King William lll comes to the throne in 1688, all official appointments are suspended.
Believing that he will not be reappointed under King William, Pepys writes a glowing letter of recommendation for Lawe, and leaves office.
Having made friends with Edward Lloyd, whose coffee-house (Lloyd's Coffee House) has become a gathering place for businessmen and ship-owners, he is given a job there.
In 1720, he is swept up in the speculation fever that will lead to the South Sea Bubble, and pays all his hard-earned money to a fly-by-night stockjobber promising an impressive return.
After six months in prison, he meets Lucy, one-time servant in Pepys’s house, who claims to know a man who may be able to get him released.
He must agree to serve for five years on a ship and pay his first two year’s wages and bonuses to the agent.
The man arranges, by bribery, for Lawe to walk out of prison; he is now a fugitive debtor and effectively an outlaw.
He finds himself doing backbreaking, filthy and highly dangerous work with a motley crew on the longboat of Consuela, a Portuguese ship fishing for cod on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
At the end of the season, the captain, impressed with Lawe, invites him to rejoin the ship when they return for the next season.
Lawe, Trail, Bac and Jorgensen, a giant yellow-maned Dane who claims descent from Vikings, live in a small hut, as do the other men who have elected to stay behind.
Food runs short and they barely survive by trading with a local Indian, whom they name ‘Sitting Mouse’, as he never speaks.
Lawe and Bac manage to get the broken body back to their hut, but Trail has deserted with the remaining food supplies.
In the Spring, when the ice starts to melt, they launch the body on a raft out to sea in an imitation of a Viking burial, as Jorgensen had wanted.
The port of St John’s, although theoretically a British colony with a Governor, is in fact ruled by Captain Jasper Bunce, the ‘Fishing Admiral’, a self-appointed tyrant claiming his authority from the Crown.
When a Royal Navy ship, HMS Pembroke (1757) anchors in the harbour, he decides to defect, even if it means surrendering to Impressment.
The Master of the ship is James Cook and Lawe becomes Cook’s assistant, impressing with his knowledge of navigation in the local waters.
The advance party, carrying soldiers and marines who will form part of an army led by James Wolfe, is to survey the treacherous waters of the river.
Wolfe bides his time in leading the British army in a siege of Quebec, until he detects a narrow and treacherous path up the cliff to the Plains of Abraham.
With Matthew at his side, now with an officer’s commission, he spends many years on different ships surveying places around the world.
This goes on for four years; in 1790, he again meets Nelson, who is now married, in London, whilst longingly watching ships in the Pool of London.
He is satisfied with his lot, despite the bitterly cold winters, but Nelson is increasingly frustrated not to have a naval command.
Finally, in the aftermath of the French revolution, the government decides to again mobilise the naval forces, and Nelson is given command of a ship of the line, HMS Agamemnon (1781).
Wishing to command a willing crew, rather than impressed men, Nelson dispatches Lawe back to Norfolk to recruit experienced and eager sailors.
Nelson’s ship is attached to a fleet commanded by Admiral Hood and despatched to the Mediterranean to blockade the French port of Toulon.
It is then detached, with orders to proceed to Naples, where Nelson must persuade the Neapolitans to join the fight against France.
After his victories over the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Cape St Vincent and others, Nelson, now a Rear-Admiral, commands the fleet from his flagship, HMS Vanguard (1787).
In 1805, Nelson, on board his flagship HMS Victory, engages the French and Spanish fleets, leading to the Battle of Trafalgar.
He is a witness to the fatal shooting of Nelson by a French sharpshooter, and also witnesses the death of Nelson.
After playing at John F. Kennedy High School in his hometown of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, he played one year at Lake City Community College.
After sitting out one season he played college basketball with the Jackson State Tigers for three years, where he emerged as a potential NBA draft candidate.
In his final season, his 3.9 blocks per game were ranked third best in NCAA Division I. Fonville was drafted by the Portland Trail Blazers as the 29th overall pick of the 1987 NBA draft.
Although he never played for Portland, he stayed with the team to work out regularly with their Lithuanian prospect, Arvydas Sabonis, prior to the 1988–89 NBA season.
He played for the Mississippi Jets for the 1987–88 season, then stayed with the team the next season as they relocated and became the Wichita Falls Texans.
Her first appearance was during a Four–Nations Tournament in Bad Kreuznach, Germany, and the second at the Junior World Cup in Santiago, Chile.
At the tournament, Fortuin scored two goals, and helped the team to a silver medal finish, losing in the final to Argentina.
The following year in 2017, Fortuin won her first gold medal with the team at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Valencia, Spain.
Merete Gerlach-Nielsen (1933–2019) was a Danish-born French-language academic, UNESCO's coordinating director for women's affairs (1988–1990), and one of the founders of Kvinfo, the Danish Centre for Research on Women and Gender.
She was raised as an only child in an internationally oriented home in which her father was attached to the Alliance Française while her mother was an officer in the Home Guard.
As a child, Gerlach-Nielsen was influenced by her godmother Margrethe Spies who introduced her to the theatre and to literature and shared her concern for gender equality and women's affairs.
In parallel, she increased her interest in the Alliance Française, becoming secretary in 1957 and chair in 1978 for a successful two-year period.
While at university, she headed the French student association Le Coq, for which she was rewarded with the Alliance's bronze medal in 1983.
In the mid-1980s, she was one of the most active women behind the founding of the Danish Centre for Research on Women and Gender (Kvinfo), becoming chair of the management board for 1987–1988.
In 1988, she became one of the highly placed women in the United Nations organizations when she was selected among 800 candidates to be the coordinating director for women's affairs at the Paris-based UNESCO headquarters.
Nattaya Duanjanthuek (; born 9 June 1991) is a Thai footballer who plays as a midfielder for BG Bundit Asia and the Thailand women's national team.
Duanjanthuek has appeared for the Thailand women's national team, including at the 2015 AFF Women's Championship in Vietnam, where she appeared in a match against Laos on 5 May 2015, which finished as a 12–0 win.
Retail pricing starts at $349 for the 6GB RAM / 128GB ROM version.Designed with a golden-colored body, the foldable smartphone runs features a single folding AMOLED display, comes with a 4,000 mAh and with a 16MP and 20MP dual-camera on its inner bezel.
Founded at the University of Maryland in 2000, The Democracy Collaborative is a left-wing 501(c)(3) non-profit, American think tank and research center based in Washington, D.C. and Cleveland, Ohio that researches strategies to address income inequality, and to contribute to community wealth building and environmental and social sustainability.
Community-Wealth.org is a Democracy Collaborative project that seeks to facilitate conversation and creation of more equitable wealth distribution in American communities.
Johan de Ridder (Pretoria, 21 January 1927 – Pretoria, 29 January 2013) was a South African architect noted for his contribution to religious and public architecture.
Of the major Afrikaner church-architects, including for example Gerard Moerdijk, Wynand Louw, Hendrik Vermooten and J. Anthonie Smith, he designed and built the largest number of churches for the Reformed Churches in South Africa.
He is best known for a fresh and personal approach to Reformed Church architecture, but this is not the only building type where his example was studied and emulated.
It is because he reached beyond the simple requirement of function in his search and design, thus consciously allowing for local realities of climate, terrain, building material, building science and craftsmanship to be realistic and creative generators of structures.
The resultant buildings and places celebrated land- and cityscapes with which they were contextually interwoven and expedited the development of a South African way of architectural thought, based on and advocating a contemporary worldview.
The same values, fuelled by a love of history, language and country, found expression in restoration work, such as at Paul Kruger’s farm house at Boekenhoutfontein, where he paid tribute to past achievements, and also in houses and bigger buildings, such as the Land Bank building in Pretoria, where again he was true to the present – the time in which he lived and worked.
Closest to his heart was possibly the building of churches and his pursuit was for a worthy and meaningful architecture embracing worship.
The building emerges from a plan and, in its turn, the plan is determined by the function of the building.” In addition, he argued, there was an inherent symbolism and aesthetic in his churches suggesting the Word of God moving from the pulpit, over the congregation and, through the windows, to the world beyond.
It is the symbolism of the church as a tent trekking through the desert of this temporary existence on the journey towards eternity.” The church is therefore a visual symbol of transience with the tent-shape a direct architectural translation of the concept of having no fixed abode.
De Ridder’s three principles, applied to both religious and secular buildings, were firstly that the architecture should be contemporary, secondly that form should emerge from the meaning of the function and thirdly that the structure should be economic and affordable.
As an architect, he had the rare experience that his designs remained appreciated and current in his lifetime, and are still being studied and analysed as historically significant in a quest for authenticity.
His work was published widely in South Africa and also internationally in both acknowledged academic journals and more popular monthly architectural magazines where his ideas and decisions are revisited and re-evaluated.
The church was a visual symbol of aspects of our faith, while simultaneously retaining the basic idea of the Reformation that all external symbols should be avoided.
Excluding the Dutch Reformed church located in Aranos in southern Namibia, all De Ridder's designs were for buildings in the former Transvaal (province) and in the northern Free State (province).
After the start of Operation Barbarossa (June 1941), the H.Kdo saw its first action at the beginning of July 1941 in the Battle of Kiev (1941).
In 1943, the Corps had to withdraw during Operation Kutuzov and the Battle of Smolensk (1943) and ended up in the area around Zhlobin in Belarus.
When the Soviets launched Operation Bagration on 23 June 1944, The Corps was surrounded during the Bobruysk Offensive and completely destroyed.
Kirk Ciarrocca (born August 12, 1965), is an American football coach who is currently the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at Penn State.
After high school he attended Juniata College where he played defensive back for the Eagle's football team before a knee injury ended his career.
He spent the 1992 and 1993 seasons as the passing game coordinator and wide receivers coach at Western Connecticut State and Delaware Valley respectively.
He returned to Western Connecticut State as the offensive coordinator for the 1994 and 1995 seasons before spending six seasons in the Ivy League.
Ciarrocca spent six seasons as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens and head coach K. C. Keeler from 2002 to 2007.
During his time at Deleware, the Blue Hens posted a record of 52-26, winning the 2003 Division I-AA National Championship, and captured consecutive Atlantic 10 Conference titles in 2003 and 2004.
Flacco threw for over 4,000 yards in 2007 while leading the Blue Hens to an 11-4 record and the FCS title game.
In 2008, Ciarrocca was hired by the Rutgers University and head coach Greg Schiano as the Scarlet Knights wide receivers coach.
During his time as wide receivers coach, Ciarrocca tutored Kenny Britt who was selected in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft and Tiquan Underwood who was selected in the seventh round of that same draft.
Following the 2008 season, Ciarrocca was promoted to quarterbacks coach and co-offensive coordinator for the Scarlet Knights, a title he would share with offensive line coach Kyle Flood.
Ciarrocca spent the 2011 season coaching quarterbacks for the Richmond Spiders and interim head coach Wayne Lineburg before rejoined the Delaware staff and head coach K.C.
In 2013, Ciarrocca joined the staff of the Western Michigan Broncos and head coach P. J. Fleck as the teams offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach.
In 2015, Ciarrocca's offense featured a duo of receivers in Daniel Braverman and Corey Davis who each finished the season with more than 1,300 receiving yards.
During the 2019 season, Ciarrocca's offense touted a pair of 1,000-yard wide receivers in All-American and Big Ten Receiver of the Year Rashod Bateman and All-Big Ten first team honoree Tyler Johnson.
On December 26, 2019, it was announced that Ciarrocca was hired by the Penn State Nittany Lions and head coach James Franklin as the offensive coordinator and quarterback coach, a position left vacant by Ricky Rahne.
He made his ATP Tour main draw debut in Adelaide in 1991, where he lost in the first round to Thomas Enqvist.
In 1994 he reached his career best ranking of 231 in the world and made the second round of the 1994 Oahu Open.
He twice featured in the qualifying draw for the Australian Open, including in 1994 when he had a win over Vince Spadea.
Pedro de Madrazo y Kuntz (11 October 1816, Rome - 20 August 1898, Madrid) was a Spanish painter, jurist, writer, translator and art critic.
His father was the painter José de Madrazo y Agudo and his mother, Isabel Kuntz Valentini, was a daughter of the Polish painter, Tadeusz Kuntze.
He and his brother Federico were born in Rome, while their father was studying there on a grant from King Charles IV.
There, he, his brother Federico and future brother-in-law, Ochoa, created the magazine, ', which played a major role in establishing the Romantic style in Spain.
Later, he served as Editor of ', where he published verses in imitation of the Psalms and translations from the Bible.
He combined his journalistic career with legal service; as an assistant and a prosecutor, in which capacity he worked for the Spanish Council of State in 1860.
Largely progressive in his youth, he became more conservative with age and, during the Restoration, belonged to the Conservative Party of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
In his role of art critic and historian, he promoted Gothic art as the most representative style and introduced the concept of art as an historical heritage.
He also chaired a commission on the preservation of provincial historical monuments and wrote the catalogues for the Museo del Prado.
In his later life, he became Director of the Museo de Arte Moderno and, in 1894, succeeded his brother Federico as Director of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, of which he had been a member since 1851.
He was also a member of the Real Academia Española and the Real Academia de la Historia, where he served as Secretary.
Shia Wong Hip Limited () is a restaurant specialising in snake dishes located on Apliu Street in Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Founded in 1965 by Chau Xiang, the restaurant specialises in snake soup and serves Cantonese cuisine made from exotic animals such as wattle-necked softshell turtles, crocodiles, geckos, silkworms, and seahorses.
The restaurant purchases its snakes from mainland China, Indonesia, and Malaysia and supplements its income by selling snakes to restaurants and snakeskin to factories that make wallets, shoes, handbags, and belts.
Chau Xiang's daughter, Chau Ka Ling, in 1971 started working at the restaurant from age 13 and took over the business in 1991 after her father died.
When the building owner saw it was a profitable business and wanted to start a business there, Chau was forced to raise funds from his friends to relocate the restaurant to Apliu Street in the late 1970s.
Chau's family had a challenging experience because Sham Shui Po station was not open yet and the restaurant did not have enough business.
Previously a group of people owned shares in the restaurant, though eventually Chau became sole owner and he was then succeeded by his children.
Shia Wong Hip is currently located on Apliu Street and is concealed at the rear of market stalls on the street.
It is owned by Chau Ka Ling (), the second-generation operator of the restaurant who as a youth learned from her father, the restaurant's founder, how to deal with snakes.
She began working at the restaurant in 1971 when she was 13 years old, as she was not doing well with her homework and wanted to find her happiness in the family business.
One shifu was an expert in how to handle snakes while a second was an expert in how to make snake soup.
In her first three months at the restaurant, she would only slice snake meat as she was too fearful to actually kill the snake.
After witnessing the daughter of the owner of snake restaurant Sher Wong Yip on Nam Cheong Street kill snakes, she summoned enough courage to begin killing snakes herself.
Her father had high demands for her, instructing her to perform different aspects of the business such as cleaning and welcoming customers.
Chau Ka Ling was the only one to assist with running the restaurant until her father died in 1990 or 1991 of a heart attack when buying snakes in Guangzhou, after which her younger siblings started to take part in the business.
Despite her instructing both of them how to defang snakes, a single brother agrees to do it because of the risk of harm.
After getting tired of working with snakes, he studied abroad in the United States for electronic engineering and returned to Hong Kong to work in an electronics factory.
Upon the closure of the factory owing to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Chau left the electronics industry in 2000 and returned to work at Shia Wong Hip.
In 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak led China to bar exports of snake and caused speculation that snakes are carriers for SARS, which led to Shia Wong Hip having purchases down by 70%.
Shia Wong needed to import snakes from Southeast Asia, which raised costs because shipment fees led snakes from Southeast Asia to be 30% more expensive than those from China and shipped snakes were more likely to die.
According to the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, in 2013 Shia Wong was one of only 18 stores in Hong Kong licenced to sell live snakes.
Shia Wong Hip sources five kinds of snakes from China, Indonesia, and Malaysia two times a week to create its soup.
It previously sourced most snakes from Mainland China but began importing snakes from other countries after China began curbing the sale of snakes outside the mainland.
The restaurant boils the snake soup base from 9:00pm to 3:00am, after which slices of snake meat, fungus, ginger, and Jinhua ham are mixed in.
Shia Wong Hip receives licences from Hong Kong's Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department and other countries' analogous departments to import snakes to Hong Kong.
Shia Wong Hip resells snakes to restaurants such as The Chinese Restaurant at Hyatt Regency Hong Kong, Tsim Sha Tsui and sells snakeskin to factories that produce wallets, shoes, handbags, and belts.
Its customers eat dishes such as snake soup in the belief that it will heat up their body during the winter cold.
In October2017, the restaurant had fewer customers which Chau attributed to climate change causing Hong Kong to have a warm winter.
The Jung Joon-young KakaoTalk chatrooms was an entertainment and sex scandal in South Korea which crimes were made public in March 2019 as part of the Burning Sun scandal.
The inter-locking scandals were tied together by the release of revealing KakaoTalk messages that exposed alleged crimes at the Burning Sun nightclub, and separately, by singer and entertainer Jung Joon-young and his friends.
While the Burning Sun scandal revolved around a nightclub and Korean idol Seungri of the group Big Bang, Jung's chatroom exposé affected more idol friends and other acquaintances of Jung's.
The chatroom portion of the larger scandal included allegations of rape and spy cams when Jung confessed to secretly filming himself having sex with women and sharing the videos, without their knowledge or consent, and he resigned from the entertainment industry on March 12, 2019, a day after Seungri's resignation related to allegations in the Burning Sun.
Jung's KakaoTalk messages revealed conversations and videos dating from 2015 to 2016 which were used in a police investigation which resulted in gang rape convictions (two victims, separate dates) on November 29, 2019, of Jung and four other chatroom members: a former member of F.T.
Island, Choi Jong-hoon; a former Burning Sun employee named Kim; a businessman named Kwon; and a former employee of YG Entertainment named Heo.
During the course of the investigation, other charges were made against Seungri and solo singers Roy Kim and Eddy Kim for allegations of sharing, individually, one illicit photograph in Jung's chatrooms.
Jung Joon-young, a 30-year-old singer-songwriter and television celebrity, whose nationality is Korean, was born in Jakarta, moved to China at the age of five, then lived in France and Japan before moving to South Korea at age 19; and learned several languages, including Chinese and English, which he speaks fluently.
Before getting caught up in the scandal, he was busy conducting a U.S. tour in October 2018 with his rock band Drug Restaurant, which he had formed in 2015, and preparing for the opening of his Korean-style fusion restaurant in Paris with a two-week trial period in November 2018.
Jung had been involved in a previous sex-video scandal in August 2016, when an ex-girlfriend filed charges that he had taped them having sex, without her consent, but later dropped the charges.
Jung began his career as a contestant on the audition show Superstar K 4 in 2012, where he placed third, and where he met, and became long-term friends with, the show's winner and another of the chatroom participants, singer-songwriter soloist Roy Kim, whose real name is Kim Sang-woo, age 25.
He is no relation to Roy Kim, but was another contestant on the Superstar K 4 show in 2012 with him and Jung.
On February 26, 2019, the first KakaoTalk messages were released in connection with the ongoing investigation of the Burning Sun scandal, but the source of the KakaoTalk messages was not revealed.
The whistleblower had sent an email to Bang, of thousands of chats taken from Jung's phone, which took place over eight months between 2015 and 2016.
When the Burning Sun scandal started, the phone messages were forwarded to the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission and to SBS funE; and the secretly filmed sex tapes and other chat messages on Jung's phone became public.
During the SBS interview, the integrity of the chatroom file was discussed, and was said to have a tamper-proof device, technically a hash-code verification, showing that the file had not been manipulated; and could stand as circumstantial evidence to seek more evidence.
The phone belonged to Jung, who was in Los Angeles filming for another television show when the news of his involvement in the chatrooms reached him.
He hurriedly returned to Seoul on Tuesday evening, March 12, where he was booked as a suspect on charges of illegal hidden camera filming and sharing, accused of taping 10 or more women.
In the 2016 hidden camera case, his victim, an ex-girlfriend, withdrew her complaint of his filming them having sex without her consent, but a March 13 SBS report had added allegations of possible police tampering with the case.
Seungri's and Jung's inter-locking scandals were combined in public televised view when both were called into the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency (SMPA) station on March 14, with more than 100 journalists gathered for Jung's 10 a.m. appearance.
It consisted of his arrival, and apology, before entering the station for questioning and a drug test; followed similarly by Seungri, some three hours later.
Seungri exited first, at around 6:15 a.m. on March 15, some 16 hours later, and he told reporters, as he exited, that he would be putting in a request to delay his mandatory military service later in the month.
On the same date, March 14, two other Korean idols resigned from entertainment after allegations they were involved in Jung's chatrooms.
Choi had been a member of one of the chatrooms that was of immediate interest in media reports and the investigation, a group of eight: Seungri, Jung, Choi, Yoo In-seok, and four non-celebrities.
In one conversation, Choi allegedly detailed his own drunk driving incident from 2016, and which was allegedly kept out of media coverage due to help from a police official, surnamed Yoon.
The next day, March 15, another Korean idol, Lee Jong-hyun, age 29, of rock band CNBLUE, presently serving in the military, made his admission through a statement from his agency, FNC Entertainment.
Lee said that he had viewed Jung's sex videos in a chat group and had made disparaging remarks, talking about women as sexual objects.
He was charged with crimes against at least ten victims, of illegally filming and distributing sex videos, which he shared with eight people in a 2015 chat group.
Jung admitted to the charges and apologized at the hearing for his arrest at the Seoul Central District Court in Seoul, and was taken to the SMPA Jongno Police Station.
On March 29, he was transferred from the police station again to the prosecution for referral of an indictment, and he was indicted on April 17.
On April 2, 2019, SMPA issued a summons for soloist, Roy Kim, who they said appeared in the illegal chatroom with Jung, Seungri and Choi, and booked him the following day for distributing an obscene photo in the chatroom, which he denied taking himself, and which investigators agreed was likely the case.
On April 5, another soloist, Eddy Kim, not related to Roy Kim, was booked as part of the chat group, for circulating an illegally taken photograph or more than one, the number was not specified.
On April 3, the agency for Kangin of boy band Super Junior, Label SJ, released a statement admitting that Kangin had been a member of Jung's chatroom, while working together on a TV show three years prior, and denied any illegal activity on his part.
On April 4, police said that Kangin, Jeong Jin-woon of boy band 2AM, and model Lee Cheol-woo were members of the chatrooms, but they had no plans to question them yet.
An early April police tally said that seven chatroom members had been booked for disseminating spycam content; and there were a total of 23 different groups or one-on-one chatrooms, with 16 participants.
On April 19, the first victim complaint against chat group members since the beginning of the scandal was filed on Jung, Choi and three others, former employees of the Burning Sun and YG Entertainment, and a businessman.
The victim alleged she was raped in a hotel room in 2016 while she was passed out, and the incident was filmed by the group.
He had met with some of the women from the videos, who were unaware of what had happened to them, perhaps due to having been drugged.
On April 23, SMPA began an investigation into the complainant's allegations, which reportedly occurred at a hotel in Daegu in March 2016, after a fan signing event for Jung; and a second similar rape case at a resort in Hongcheon in January 2016, where another alleged victim traveled with chat group members, including Jung and Choi.
SMPA said they were aware of group rape after examining the videos, but had not been able to identify the victims until they came forward.
The cases were assigned to the SMPA's Women and Juvenile Affairs Division, who have expertise in crimes against women, including sexual assault.
Choi Jong-hoon was arrested on May 9 for allegations of group sexual assault with four members of Jung's chat group in March 2016; after appearing at a hearing with two others and denying the charges against him.
Another male, surname Kwon, was also arrested; with both Choi and Kwon charged under the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc.
Jung, who was still under police custody, pled guilty to 11 cases of the illicit filming and sharing at a May 10 pretrial hearing, where he offered to settle with the victims.
On May 17, SMPA referred the gang rape case of the five chat group members to prosecutors, recommending indictments on charges of special rape.
On June 5, after indictments, the Seoul Central District Court merged the trials for the five previously accused, Jung, Choi, Kwon, a Burning Sun MD named Kim, and an entertainment director named Heo, to include two charges of gang rapes of two victims in 2016, in Hongcheon in January, and Daegu in March.
At the first trial hearing on July 16, which included the illegal filming and sharing and rape charges, Jung and Kwon admitted to having sex but denied rape, and Choi denied having sex.
Jung's lawyer submitted a statement contesting the legality of evidence obtained from the KakaoTalk messages in violation of the Personal Information Protection Act.
The court specified five victims, two reference witnesses, a time period for the alleged illegal photography from November 2015 to June 2016, the dates of the alleged rapes on January 9 and March 20 2016, and the need for confidentiality of the victims.
The next trial dates, on August 19, August 26, September 2, September 16, September 23, October 7 and October 21 were closed to the public.
Prosecutors also asked that all five be restricted from working with children and minors for 10 years, be required to disclose personal information, and undergo sexual violence treatment programs.
On November 29, the court sentenced Jung to six years in prison and Choi to five, and both were sentenced to complete 80 hours of sexual assault treatment and a five-year restriction on working with children and minors.
The other three defendants were also sentenced, with Kim receiving a five-year prison sentence, Kwon a four-year prison sentence, and Heo received a suspended sentence and two years probation and 160 hours of community service.
On January 30, 2020, Jung and Choi were indicted by prosecutors on more charges, along with nine others in the Burning Sun case, Jung for allegations of soliciting prostituion and Choi for bribing a police officer during his drunk driving incident in February 2016.
The SBS investigative reporter who examined the KakaoTalk chat messages sent by the whistleblower to the television station SBS funE was Kang Kyung-yoon.
Kang said that the sex video investigation was seen by some people as a means to avert attention away from the larger corruption scandal with its multiple allegations, but she perceived it as a serious social issue that needed reporting on.
On November 25, 2019, following the assumed suicide of idol Goo Hara, Kang said that Goo, who had undergone public scrutiny over a sex video that was filmed by her boyfriend, had contacted her to offer support.
Jung was investigated and arrested for allegations of illegal hidden camera filming and distributing, and on May 10 conceded to the charges, at the first hearing for his trial.
Choi was also indicted for the attempted bribery of a police officer in 2016 to cover up a case of driving under the influence (although an initial police investigation was dropped), and for illegal hidden camera filming and distribution.
In late September, Jeong Jin-woon of 2AM, reported in April to have been a member of one of Jung's chatrooms, released a statement that he was not involved in the illegal chatrooms.
At the same time, music site Melon had to explain a banner, recommending a Jung Joon-young album to users, that popped up due to an automated system.
Public protests, led by women's and civic groups, directed towards the Burning Sun scandal and Jung Joon-young's sex-video chatrooms started in March and continued throughout the year.
They said they hoped the anger it had generated would bring a change in the way such cases were looked at and punished; saying that a real change has to come from within a male society that it is not right to share or watch the videos.
It had been one of their favorite South Korean programs since the early 2010s, of analog television viewers in Pyongsong, Nampo, Pyongyang and places closer to the border, and for others through USB sticks and DVDs.
Viewers accused the show of leniency in the handling of Jung's prior public 2016 case of filming his girlfriend, after they allowed him to return to the show after a short absence; and were critical that the production crew had been a part of the group chat that was aware of Cha Tae-hyun and Kim Jun-ho's gambling issues.
Jung's distribution of sex videos was one of the top gender issues talked about on online platforms in South Korea for the first half of 2019, with research showing a growing trend of gender based topics, most in a negative context.
Google Korea's 2019 most popular domestic searched terms included Jung Joon-young ranked at number two over-all, and number one for top public figure; with Burning Sun ranked at number three for domestic news and issues.
In total 128 players are granted Tour Cards, which enables them to participate in all Players Championships and European Tour Qualifiers.
The top 64 in the PDC Order of Merit all receive Tour Cards automatically, and those who won a two-year card in 2019 still had a valid card for 2020.
The remaining places will be awarded at the 2020 Q-Schools, with four days of competition awarding two Tour Cards per day from the UK Q-School and one a day from the European Q-School; with the remaining players being ranked and the top players also receiving Tour Cards.
Raymond van Barneveld retired after the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship, and Corey Cadby also resigned his card which allowed Toni Alcinas and Simon Stevenson to move into the top 64 and retain their Tour Cards.
Jamie Bain resigned his Tour Card after the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship, as he couldn't commit to the full schedule, which opened a space in Q-School as Bain was outside the Top 64.
Ion Munteanu (7 June 1955 – 24 March 2006) was a Romanian footballer who played as a left back for Autobuzul Bucureşti, Sportul Studențesc București and Chimia Râmnicu Vâlcea.
The refers to the robbery-murder case, perpetrated by three Chinese international students, which occurred in the Higashi-ku ward of Fukuoka, Japan on June 28, 2003.
The corpses had been strangled to death, and investigation revealed that the bodies of the four men belonged to a nearby man, Shinjiro Matsumoto (), his wife Chika (), and two children aged 11 and 8.
Three suspects were identified from witness testimony near the discovery site and footage of security camera at the store where the handcuffs and dumbbells used for the crime were sold It became a thing.
The Chinese government did not respond officially, including when the accused Wei charged with the Japanese side was sentenced to death as described below, but the criminal trial on the Chinese side proceeded in step with Japan.
Yang and Wang were arrested by public security officials in China and charged on July 27, 2004, about one year after the case, and they were sentenced to severe punishment by prosecutors at the first trial on October 19, 2004.
His death sentence was confirmed in the Liaoyang Superior People's Court after a ruling to dismiss the appeal, and Yang was executed on July 12, 2005 at 25 years of age.
The fact of prosecution was largely confirmed in the first trial, and on February 1, 2005, opening statements began whether the Fukuoka District Public Prosecutors Office should seek the death penalty.
On May 19, 2005, the trial of the first trial was held, and the Fukuoka District Court (Presiding Judge Kawaguchi) sentenced Wei to death.
The Court of Appeals turned away from the silent first instance and gave detailed testimony on the motive, the criminal process, the role of the three, and the apology to the victim's bereaved family.
On March 8, 2007, the Court of Appeals upheld Wei Wei's appeal in favor of the first instance and death sentence in a trial of the appeal decision.
Approximately eight years and one month after the death penalty was sentenced, Minister of Justice Masako Mori issued an execution order for Wei on December 23, 2019.
On 24 December 2019, during the Russia's Defence Ministry Board session held in Moscow, project number and some technical characteristics of the submarine were revealed.
The submarines are reported to combine the roles of multi-purpose and strategic submarines, being able to use both cruise and ballistic missiles depending on the task and modular configuration.
The submarines will have a smaller displacement than the current fourth-generation s and incorporate the double hull design with the outer hull made of composite materials.
The main armament is to include the 3M-54 Kalibr and P-800 Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles as well as the 3M22 Zircon hypersonic cruise missiles.
The vessels are also projected to be armed with MARVed ballistic missiles currently in developlent by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau.
According to President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov, the submarines are to be highly unified in their key components in order to substantially reduce the costs for the Russian Defence Ministry.
The Project 545 submarines reportedly feature the displacement of 11,340 tons, maximum speed of 35 knots, 90 days of autonomy and maximum submersion depth of 600 meters.
According to 2011 Census of India the total population of the village is 2738 where 1499 are males and 1239 are females.
He just completed his term as chair of the board of ECPA, the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association which includes, among others, Zondervan and Thomas Nelson (imprints of Harper-Collins), Waterbrook/Multnomah (imprints of Penguin-Random House), Tyndale House Publishers, Crossway Books, InterVarsity Press, and FaithWords/Center Street/Worthy (imprints of Hachette USA).
in Ministry and Church History from Abilene Christian University, under a faculty with earned doctorates from Harvard, Duke, University of Chicago, and St. Andrews in Scotland.
He studied under Dr. Abraham Malherbe, who was later named Buckingham Professor of New Testament Criticism and Literature at Yale Divinity School.
The NCV was introduced to the public by Billy Graham on a nationally televised crusade event in 1988, which resulted in more than 700,000 copies being distributed by that effort.
Word published such authors as Billy Graham, Max Lucado, Charles Colson, James C. Dobson, Charles Swindoll, Pat Robertson, Nolan Ryan, Os Guinness, and John MacArthur.
In 2012 he accepted the NEXT Award from the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce as 'Entrepreneurial Start-Up of the Year' in Digital Media and Entertainment.
The first thirty-seven volumes were published by DAW Books from December 1972 – April 1988; print editions of the later volumes were initially published solely in German translation by Wilhelm Heyne Verlag from 1991–1998.
English language ebooks of volumes 38–41 were later issued by the now-defunct electronic publisher Savanti from September 1995 – December 1998; ebooks of volumes 1–52 have since been issued by another electronic publisher, Mushroom eBooks.
Publication was interrupted for close to six years between volumes 45 and 46 due to family illness and difficulty in locating the manuscripts.
Publication of the volume followed in June 2014, with the remaining volumes appearing at intervals during the remainder of the year.
Bladud Books, a sister imprint of Mushroom eBooks, has published collected omnibus editions of all volumes in hardcover, paperback and ebook formats.
Tuomas Ilari Kettunen (born 9 January 1988) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Centre Party at the Oulu constituency.
Berger, a writer from the Star Advertiser wrote in an album review that many of the musical gems on the album sparkle.
Jester Weah (born February 7, 1995) is an American football wide receiver for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL).
After his senior season, Weah was named to the all-state teams by the Wisconsin Football Coaches Association and the Associated Press.
Weah committed to Pitt in January 2013, signed his letter of intent during the signing period in February, and enrolled in June.
Weah saw action in 17 games across the 2014 and 2015 seasons, but mostly in a special teams capacity, as he failed to record any catches.
In his senior season, Weah started in every game but one, catching 41 passes for 698 yards and four touchdowns as Pitt utilized three different quarterbacks.
On August 31, 2018, Weah was released by the Texans as part of final roster cuts, but was subsequently signed to the team’s practice squad.
Weah is the nephew of George Weah, who is the current president of Liberia and the only African player to ever win the Ballon d'Or, which he was awarded in 1995 as a member of A.C. Milan.
Weah is also the cousin of Tim Weah, who plays forward for Lille and the United States men's national soccer team and George Weah Jr., who most recently played midfielder for French clubs Paris Saint-Germain and Tours.
Matias Mäkynen (born 1 September 1990 in Vaasa) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party of Finland at the Vaasa constituency.
It was located on a site, which at the time was between the western border of the garden of the Palais-Royal and the rue de Richelieu and is now at 10 rue de Richelieu in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.
In 1880 Auguste Vitu identified Antoine de Ratabon as the first known inhabitant of the house, as well as its probable constructor, and traced its subsequent ownership.
In 1930 Maurice Dumolin included the lot on which it was built as part of his description of the subdivision of the land surrounding the garden of the Palais-Royal and states that the lot was given to Ratabon by Louis XIV on 25 September 1660, that Ratabon commissioned Pierre Le Muet to design the house, and that it was inherited by his widow, Marie Sanguin, in 1670.
There were three floors: a ground floor with services, a main floor for living, and an attic floor under the roof.
The plan was U-shaped, with the main wing along the rue de Richelieu and two lateral wings enclosing an interior courtyard to the rear with a wall between the courtyard and the garden of the Palais-Royal.
The wall was no more than a single-storey high, thus the main floor had views of the garden of the Palais-Royal.
The street entrance could accommodate carriages (porte-cochère) and opened into a passageway leading to the interior courtyard with the stables to the right of the courtyard at the rear.
Based on the plan, there was a fireplace on the far wall with doors on either side leading to a large bedchamber.
The latter had a doorway on the right leading to the left lateral wing with the landing of a smaller staircase and a private suite beyond.
In 1747, the parish was conceded to a Congregation of Clerics regular, and they patronized the reconstruction of the church by 1748 under designs of Melchiorre Passalacqua, and was consecrated in 1760 by Bishop Gaetano De Carli, and dedicated to Saints Ruffo, Carpoforo Martyr, and Camillo De Lellis.
Two human polls and a committee's selections comprise the 2020 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) football rankings, in addition to various publications' preseason polls.
Lynmore James (born August 28, 1937) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1993 to 2013.
Built in 1931, the bridge carries Fifth Street across Shoal Creek to link central Austin with neighborhoods that were then the city's western suburbs.
It is one of only a handful of curved cantilever girder bridges in Texas, built as part of the city's 1928 master plan for urban development and beautification.
As the city expanded in the late 1800s, development west of Shoal Creek increased, and demand for a reliable vehicular crossing grew.
In 1887 the city built the West Sixth Street Bridge to carry automobile and streetcar traffic between downtown and the growing western suburbs, but population growth soon led to heavy congestion at this crossing.
The mid 1920s saw two smaller bridges built farther north to service the neighborhoods west of the University of Texas, but downtown traffic continued to exceed the Sixth Street bridge's carrying capacity.
Austin's 1928 master plan proposed the construction of additional bridges to the west and south of downtown to ease travel to and from the city center, and it specified that the bridges should be of ornamental concrete rather than bare structural steel.
A municipal bond funded the construction of some twenty-one bridges and drainage culverts around the city between 1928 and 1932, including the new Fifth Street bridge.
By July 5, 1929, Austin's city council had approved funds for a construction easement along West Fifth Street to the Shoal Creek crossing.
The city undertook renovations in 2008 to repair cracked and broken portions of the concrete and reinforce the deck, but the bridge retains its original design and appearance.
On December 3, 2019, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its significance as an excellent example of an unusual bridge type and a manifestation of early-twentieth-century urban planning in Texas's growing capital city.
The West Fifth Street Bridge is a cantilever girder bridge made of reinforced concrete designed to imitate the appearance of an arch bridge.
It is long and wide, with a central arch that spans between two rounded concrete piers on the bed of Shoal Creek, flanked by two cantilevered spans that rest against concrete abutments at both ends.
Inspired in part by the City Beautiful movement, the bridge was intended specifically to contribute to Austin's civic beauty, as well as improving its road network.
The designer, Hans R. F. Helland of the city's Bond Construction Engineering Department, selected the cantilever design to achieve the aesthetic effect of an arch bridge while allowing for longer spans.
A concrete footpath runs parallel to the creek bed beneath the west half of the bridge's west arch, connected to the deck by a concrete staircase at the bridge's southwest corner.
Following the completion of filming, Erivo collaborated with composer Joshuah Brian Campbell to write the song for the end credits of the film.
Following its release, the song earned Golden Globe Award and Critics' Choice Movie Award nominations for Best Original Song and Best Song, respectively.
Buckeye was founded as a company town for the local Buckeye Furnace, built around 1850 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
Phyllis Ocean Berman (born 1942) is the founder of the Riverside Language Program in New York City for adult immigrants and refugees.
Opening in 1979, she traveled from her home in West Mount Airy, Philadelphia via Amtrak to the school in New York City so that newly arrived immigrants could receive an intensive English-language education.
She is a teacher and prayer leader in the Jewish Renewal movement as well as a political activist who writes about and has been arrested for non-violently protesting for immigrant rights.
Berman has been actively involved in the Jewish Renewal movement, serving as Director of the Summer Program of the Elat Chayyim Center for Healing and Renewal, co-leading retreats for the Awakened Heart Project and at the Hazon/Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center, and teaching at ALEPH kallot.
The Cherkasy Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Cherkasy CPU obkom, was the position of highest authority in the Cherkasy Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union.
The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine or the First Secretary of the Republic.
He played for Hearts (5 appearances and 2 goals in Scottish Cup), Accrington (1 appearance in 1890–91 season) and Newton Heath.
He played in 3 FA Cup matches (scoring 1 goal) and in 21 Alliance matches (scoring 6 goals) for Newton Heath.
William Brady is credited in two separate match reports as playing instead of Billy Hood in a match against Derby County on 11 February 1893.
Mariel Racauchi also known by her stage name Mery (born November 17, 1990) is an Argentinian Performer, Singer, Fashion Designer, Model, Entrepreneur and Philanthropist based in New York City.
In 2013, Mery brought herself into mainstream recognition with the creation of her eponymous fashion brand and the opening of her first store in Palermo Soho, Argentina.
In 2000, at 10 years old, Mery first became involved in music and performance when she joined the school band as a singer/guitarist at Blue Bell primary school in Buenos Aires.
She launched her first clothing brand as a junior selling hoodies on Facebook and would later design the costumes for the graduation party for her entire class as a senior.
After graduating from art school in 2013, Mery found success organizing pop ups to sell one of one hand-painted pieces and custom shoes.
Mery drew the attention of Loli Esposito's stylist who bought a pair of Mery's custom shoes for Esposito's appearance on the Nickelodeon Awards.
Following the awards, awareness of Mery's brand exploded as more celebrities began reaching out for pieces, including Tini Stoessel and Oriana Sabatini.
Mery capitalized on the growing momentum by organizing a fashion show Where models such as María Del Cerro, Eva De Dominici and Delfi Ferrari showcased her designs.
Soon after the show, Mery opened her first retail store and expanded her offerings by incorporating everything from bags, swimwear, dresses, jackets, and more.
Knabb Turpentine was the name used for the pine resin harvesting and turpentine distilling businesses operated in northeast Florida by the Knabb brothers: Thomas Jefferson, William, and Earl, of Macclenny.
Turpentine production boomed in North Florida between the late 1800s and 1920s; in the early 1900s, the Knabb family began to build one of the largest turpentine operations in the United States, and by the mid-20th century owned over 200,000 acres of pine forest in Baker County, over half its area.
He made a fortune with the forced labor of jail inmates he leased from Baker, Alachua and Bradford counties, holding the convicts in peonage.
Knabb was elected to the Florida Legislature in 1921 and served as a state senator of District 29 during the 1921, 1923, 1929 and 1931 legislative sessions.
In the winter of 1922, Martin Tabert, a 22-year-old farm boy from a prominent North Dakota family, was beaten to death by Thomas Walter Higginbotham, the chief whipping boss at a turpentine camp in Dixie County owned by the Putnam Lumber Company.
Suffering from malaria, and unable to work as hard as the labor demanded, Tabert, according to the sworn testimony of seveeral witnesses, received a flogging of nearly 100 lashes with a 5-foot-long leather strap by Higginbotham; Tabert died three days later on February 1, 1922.
Because the victim was white rather than black, Tabert's death drew national media attention; previous cases involving black victims had received little notice.
Florida Governor Cary Hardee at first dismissed the incident as an isolated case, but investigations of the Tabert killing by the Florida state legislature in 1923 led to evidence of widespread abuses in north Florida and found that peonage was standard practice at the Baker County turpentine camps belonging to State Senator T. J. Knabb.
The state legislature's investigation was expanded when information surfaced about the abuse suffered by Paul Revere White and of other inmates at Knabb's camps.
White, a nineteen-year old man from Washington, D. C., had been arrested while walking beside a highway near White Springs, Florida.
He was arrested and convicted of vagrancy, for which he was sentenced to serve six months in the Alachua County jail.
Thomas did, however, alert the Florida commissioner of agriculture of White's treatment, and his statement triggered a thorough investigation of conditions at Knabb's camps.
On May 9, 1923, Thelma Franklin, a social worker, former school teacher, and wife of the Glen St. Mary postmaster, testified before the joint committee investigating reports of brutalities inflicted on convicts in Florida.
She gave her testimony while sitting directly across from Senator Knabb in the court room, and described what she had observed as a neighbor of Knabb's turpentine camp.
As subsequent testimony before the committee revealed, residents of the area near the convict camps were aware of their bad conditions and of abuses by the overseers, but some officials involved in local politics were able to avoid their exposure and suppress local outrage.
Thelma Franklin, however, vocally condemned White's treatment and asserted that the deaths of another nine inmates at the camp should be investigated.
Florida's four prison inspectors periodically visited work camps and interviewed prisoners, then reported their findings to the commissioner of agriculture, but only a portion of them were recorded in their official reports.
With abundant evidence of harsh labor conditions and peonage in turpentine camps run by the Knabb Turpentine Company being presented and publicized, the Alachua County commissioners canceled their leasing contract and demanded the return of all county inmates.
Inspector Thomas' suspicions of foul play had been aroused by several questionable deaths at the Knabb camp, including that of a black prisoner who had been convicted, sentenced, leased, and found dead within fourteen days.
After national newspapers exposed the inhumane conditions at Knabb's turpentine camp, and Knabb was allowed to continue leasing prisoners on his word that conditions would be improved, an anonymous group of businessmen in Macclenny took up a collection and paid the fines owed by the convicts held at the Knabb camp, as reported in the Florida Times-Union on May 1, 1923.
T.J. Knabb's brother, William Knabb, operated a large turpentine distillery at Macclenny employing several hundred black workers, which was also the subject of national press coverage when similar abuses there were exposed in 1936.
Men, mostly African American, were held there against their will, generally paid from fifty cents to a dollar a day, and forced to buy provisions at a commissary that charged prices twice those of retailers in the area.
Spies were recruited to inform the boss of discontent among the workers, and beatings were administered frequently to maintain control over them.
In 1936, the U.S. solicitor general announced that the Justice Department was again looking into Knabb Turpentine employment practices, citing numerous complaints of involuntary servitude and peonage.
In November of that year, William and Earl Knabb, Fred Jones, and Ed Hall were charged with violations of peonage laws and arrested by FBI agents and U.S.
It is anchored by Marshalls, Target, Regal Cinemas, and American Signature Furniture, with junior anchors OfficeMax, Petco, and Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse.
Pinellas Square Mall opened on April 13, 1977 with anchor J. C. Penney, followed by Montgomery Ward on November 2, and finally Ivey's on September 18, 1978.
By 1996, the mall was owned by the John Hancock Insurance Company, who acquired the property in lieu of foreclosure after DeBartolo began defaulting on mortgage payments shortly before their acquisition by Simon Property Group.
While they brought in Divaris National LLC to help manage the mall, inline tenants continued to slip and the mall's occupancy rate slipped to 50% by late 1996.
A $20 million renovation, supposed to be started by winter 1996, was delayed due to the owners being unable to gain approval from all three anchors in time.
Renovations began in 1997, with a 120 by 50 feet ice skating rink opening in early August, to be followed by a food court set to open in September; A new movie theater had also been announced at this time, however the operator had not yet been published and it was not open by the malls grand re-opening in October.
By 2000, the mall had again fallen to a 50% occupancy rate, and had begun leasing to alternative tenants such as a public library.
The new theater was set to open in Spring that year, however R/C Cinemas Parkside Movies 16 did not open until March 30, 2001.
The mall had risen to a 62% occupancy rate by 2002, however this included further alternative tenants such as a dance studio and a pet adoption center.
The mall was offered for sale in December 2002 with an asking price of $25 million, with an occupancy rate of 78%, and was later purchased by Tampa-based Boulder Venture South for $12 million in May 2003.
In October 2003 a plan to demolish the mall for a new shopping center, The Shoppes At Park Place, was approved by Pinellas Park officials.
Dillard's closed in January 2004, followed by the JCPenney Outlet Store in May, and the mall finally closed for good in June.
Target officially closed on a property at the new plaza in January 2005, along with American Signature Furniture, Michaels, and several banks and restaurants.
The plaza faced a $71 million foreclosure lawsuit in 2018, resulting in the plaza being listed for sale by Colliers International later that year.
She is a Professor Emerita of Biology and former Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Integrative Science at the Department of Biology at Cape Breton University.
In 1977, Barlett earned her Bachelor of Science in Zoology at the University of Alberta before moving to Guelph for her Master's degree and PhD.
In 1989, Barlett accepted a placement at Cape Breton University in the biology department before moving to Toqwa’tu’kl Kjijitaqnn / Integrative Science.
As a result of research with Aboriginal Knowledge, she was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2011 before retiring.
Universal suffrage was not attained in 1918, as women electors had to meet the same requirements as men in order to vote.
An exception was granted to people who had arrived in Canada and emigrated from these countries before they had been annexed by Germany (including those born in France, Italy, and Denmark).
Individuals whose first language was deemed to belong to an enemy country, even if they had emigrated from an allied country, were disenfranchised.
Rajesh Cherthala is a professional musician and flutist from Cherthala, Kerala, in India, who has been recorded on more than 150 Indian film songs.
She first posted videos online as a way to continue sharing her music with her parents after she moved from Nunavut to Brandon, Manitoba, which led to a substantial online following.
Han has discussed two motivations for writing and sharing original music in her native language of Inuktitut: to help keep the language alive, and to feel closer to the community she grew up in.
Han won both first and second place in the Nunavut Department of Culture and Heritage's 2016 Qilaut Inuktut children's songwriting contest.
In 2018, Han won first place in the Qikiqtani Inuit Association's contest for the best original song or poem in Inuktitut.
He served as the head football coach at Northern Arizona University, then known as Northern Arizona Normal School, in 1923, compiling a record of 6–1.
A protective colloid is a lyophilic colloid that when present in small quantities keeps lyophobic colloids from precipitating under the coagulating action of electrolytes.
When lyophilic sols are added to lyophobic sols, depending on their sizes, either lyophobic sol is adsorbed in the surface of lyophilic sol or lyophilic sol is adsorbed on the surface of lyophobic sol.
The gold number is the weight in milligrams of a protective colloid which checks the coagulation of 10ml of a given gold sol on adding 1 ml of 10% sodium chloride.
The church of Ave Gratia Plena is a baroque-style Roman Catholic church dedicated to the Virgin of the Annunciation located along via Angelo Scorciarini Coppola in Piedimonte Matese, province of Caserta, region of Campania, Italy.
This building was reconstructed starting in the mid-1500s, but only reached reconsecration on 8 December 1640, under the Bishop of Alife, Pietro Paolo De Medici.
Further restorations were begun in 1990-1993 and again in 2015-2016, to repair the damage of the earthquake of 29 December 2013.
The Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE) was a large randomized controlled trial that assessed the timing hypothesis that menopausal hormone therapy in early but not late menopause would improve cardiovascular outcomes.
The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial was a large randomized controlled trial which assessed the influence of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular and other outcomes.
In addition to Alexandria, it serves the cities of Carlos, Forada, Garfield, Miltona, and Nelson; and the townships of Alexandria, Belle River, Brandon, Carlos, Holmes City, Hudson, Ida, LaGrand, Lake Mary, Leaf Valley, Miltona, Moe, Osakis, and Spruce Hill.
The Intermountain Institute in Weiser, Idaho, also known as the Idaho Industrial Institute, was a school which included facilities for students boarding there.
The complex includes nine buildings and a structure which were deemed contributing in a National Register of Historic Places listing in 1979.
National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) is a higher education institute deemed-to-be-university operating under the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI).
It offers academic curricula in food technology and supply leading to Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), Master of Technology (M.Tech), and Ph.D degrees.
NIRFEM was first officially announced in the budget speech for 2006–07 made by P. Chidambaram, the Minister of Finance, in February 2006.
But the institute was only to be inaugurated in 2012, by Sharad Pawar, the Minister of Agriculture and Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
Master of Technology (M.Tech) programmes have been offered since the academic year 2012-13, and a Ph.D programme was added from 2013-14.
In 2018, the Minister of Food Processing Industries Harsimrat Kaur Badal inaugurated four incubation centres for product testing and development and a food-testing laboratory, with an investment of .
The bill aims at granting Institution of National Importance (INI) status to NIFTEM and Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), thus granting them more financial and academic autonomy.
NIFTEM offers a 4-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) curriculum, 2-year Master of Technology (M.Tech) curriculum, and Ph.D degrees in the various areas of food technology and supply.
In May 2018 NIFTEM opened four incubation centres which serve as research facilities for entrepreneurs and other businesses seeking to develop and test new products and processes.
In 2019 it conducted research on improving the taste and nutritional value of Amrutham Nutrimix, a dietary supplement which the Kerala government distributes in large volume for children below the age of three.
Later that year it signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for launching the Kerala Nutrition Research Centre, a nutrition research centre focused on the nutrition of women and children.
Kalamandalam Hyderali is an upcoming Indian Malayalam-language drama film written by Dr.Aju K.Narayanan and directed by Kiran G.nath, starring Paris Laxmi, Renji Panicker, T.G.
Ortonville School District #2903, operating as Ortonville Public School or Ortonville Public Schools, is a school district headquartered in Ortonville, Minnesota.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, The Lieutenants is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Other research interests include the socio-ecology of East Asia, theoretical economics, population dynamics, harassment theory, Peter Drucker and the thought of Confucius.
Yasutomi graduated from the Kyoto University in 1991 with a degree in economics and continued to graduate with a PhD in 1997 on the financial history of Manchuria.
In 2019, Yasutomi was one of ten candidates from the new Reiwa Shinsengumi party to stand for election to the House of Councillors.
The 3rd Khelo India Youth Games is being held from 10 January 2020 and 22 January 2020 in Guwahati, Assam, India.
Every year best performing 1000 participants are given an annual scholarship of Rs for 8 years to prepare them for international sporting events.
Cycling and Lawn Bowls are the new additional games of this year's event, while Gymnastics, Kabaddi, and Volleyball will begin a day earlier from the opening day.
The Fuefuki River has its source the neighboring mountains of Mount Kobushi on the southern slope of Mount Kobushi in the north of Yamanashi, on Honshu, in Japan.
Leaving Yamanashi, it successively crosses the northwest of Fuefuki to which it gives its name, south of Kōfu, central Chūō and the northwest of the town of Ichikawamisato.
But while in Guangzhou (Canton) or Macau, he heard about the possibility of making large profits trading sea otter furs in China.
Metcalfe decided to sail to the Pacific Northwest Coast to acquire sea otter furs before returning to China to buy tea.
After 42 days at sea he stopped at a Russian fur-trade post on Unalaska Island, where the Russian commander Potak Zaikov provided flour and dried fish.
Thomas continued down the Pacific Northwest Coast, acquiring some furs through trade with some Tlingit and Haida villages, before arriving at Nootka Sound.
The Metcalfes had planned to spend the winter in the Hawaiian Islands, which were independent and only just beginning to be visited by outsiders.
In retaliation for the invasion of Maui Kahekili II and his brother Kaʻeokulani led a fleet of 700 war canoes in an attack on the north coast of Hawaii.
The 1989–90 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 90th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
It covers the city of Janesville, Wisconsin, and follows the stories of several of its working-class inhabitants from 2008 to 2013, tracing what happens after the Janesville Assembly Plant shuts down.
It originally consisted of a chancel and nave; the north chapel and the tower were added in the 15th century, and the north aisle in the 16th century.
During the incumbency of Lionel Seymour Plowman, rector from 1899 to 1927, the church was restored by the architect Charles Ponting.
On the east wall, on either side of the altar, are stone slabs of about 1800, engraved with the Ten Commandments.
There are memorial tablets on the north and south walls of the chancel, to Richard D'Aubeny (rector from 1775 to 1802) and Joseph D'Aubeny, a squire of the parish.
There are four bells in the tower: dated 1641, by William Purdue; 1656, by Thomas Purdue; 1799, by Thomas Mears; and 1813, by James Wells.
The 2019–20 North Carolina A&T Aggies men's basketball team represent North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Aggies, led by 4th-year head coach Jay Joyner, play their home games at the Corbett Sports Center in Greensboro, North Carolina as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
In the 2010s, antisemitism and the number of violent antisemitic attacks on Jews experienced an upward surge in the United States, a nation that had long been regarded as relatively free from antisemitism.
Left-wing rhetorical antisemitism grew and, in the late 2010s, the number of physical attacks on Jewish institutions and attacks on individual Jews dressed in Jewish religious clothing surged.
2019 saw a spate of attacks in which a pedestrians wearing identifiably Jewish clothing were assaulted, beaten and often knocked to the ground by an assailant or group of assailants, many of whom shouted antisemitic slurs.
One assailant, Tiffany Harris, who was released without bail after attacking a Jewish woman, attacked three other Jewish women the very next day; all of the victims were dressed in distinctively Jewish clothing.
Although the Williamsburg and Crown Heights neighborhoods of Brooklyn where most of the assaults have taken place are experiencing gentrification, no similar assaults have been reported on the gentrifiers, although their clothing makes them easy to identify.
According to Jamie Kirchick, a fellow at the Brookings Institution, antisemitism has been a particular problem in parts of America's black community since the split between the mainstream Civil rights movement led by Rev.
Martin Luther King, and the more radical Black Power movement of the late 1960s, and leaders on the political left continue to foment antisemitism.
Newlands joined the faculty of Classics at the University of Colorado Boulder in 2009, after previously teaching at Cornell University, the University of California, Los Angeles, and University of Wisconsin, Madison.
She has also served on the editorial board of the American Journal of Philology and on the Board of Directors for the Society for Classical Studies from 2009 until 2012.
She was originally intended for sale, but an embargo on sales, due to the concurrent American Civil War and fear of the vessel joining the Confederate States Navy, prevented any sales.
She attended the Makerere University where she acquired a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from the Margaret Trowell School of Industrial and Fine Art.
She began her career as a musician in 2011 when she joined a girl group called Xabu under the direction of First Love.
Her art work has featured in different Kampala art festivals like the Bayimba 2013 back drop, the laba 2014 Headphones, Bodaboda Helmet and the concept of the bird during the Kampala art.
After fires destroyed much of early Brisbane city, Toohey was able to add to his property holdings, with acquisitions in South Brisbane, Kangaroo Point, almost all of St Lucia, Holland Park, Greenslopes, Yeerongpilly, Tarragindi and Nathan.
He built a large home in 1874 on land off Logan Road and named this hill Mount Galway (now Toohey Mountain).
He leased land in what is now Toohey Forest Park, Mount Gravatt Cemetery, Queen Elizabeth Sports and Athletics Centre and Griffith University, and ultimately took freehold possession of the Toohey Forest area.
James Toohey died November 22, 1883 and was buried in Dutton Park Cemetery and later moved twice more to Toohey Forest Park and the Mt Gravatt Cemetery.
His will protected land comprising the Toohey Forest area from being sold off after his death within his children's and wife's lifetime.
The 1988–89 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 89th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Aka/Darbari/Java: Magic Realism is a 1983 album by American trumpet player and composer Jon Hassell, released on the label Editions EG.
The history of Indigenous Australian self-determination covers various attempts by Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander people to govern autonomously since colonisation, both within and outside the structures of the Government of Australia.
The Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) was founded in 1957 as a non-governmental organization to advance Aboriginal rights, composed of various member organisations.
The Department of Aboriginal Affairs was founded by the Whitlam Government to replace the government agencies responsible for Indigenous affairs, the Council for Aboriginal Affairs, and the Office of Aboriginal Affairs, while also providing a route for self-determination by employing Indigneous Australians.
The National Aboriginal Consultative Committee (NACC) was the first elected body representing Indigenous Australians on the national level, having been established by the Whitlam Government in 1972.
In 2018 the state of Victoria passed legislation established the legal framework for an Aboriginal Representative Body which the state could negotiate a treaty with.
She is the 3rd female president of Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI)and the founder Toki Mabogunje & Co. Toki is a member of the governing council, the World Chamber of Federation.
She moved to Holy Child College to continue her Junior High school a plan by her parents to instill African culture in her.
She studied law at Obafemi Awolowo University ( formerly called University of Ife) and obtained a Master in International Business Law from University of Exeter, England.
She left legal industry for broadcasting and started her stint with Minaj Media Group as Group Head, Legal and Corporate Affairs from where she moved to New York to head the North American Directorate of the organization.
Pien Dicke made her debut in Netherlands colours in 2016, as part of the Under–18 team at the EuroHockey Youth Championship in Cork, Ireland.
In 2019, Dicke made her second appearance for a Dutch team with the Under–21 team at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Valencia, Spain.
Dicke scored four goals throughout the tournament, helping the team to a silver medal after losing the final in a penalty shoot-out against Spain.
In 2019, Dicke was named in the Netherlands senior squad for the first time, and is set to make her debut in 2020.
In addition, her uncles, Pedro de Madrazo and Luis de Madrazo were painters, and both of her brothers, Raimundo de Madrazo and Ricardo de Madrazo, would become painters as well.
In 1867, she married Marià Fortuny, an artist who had already won considerable fame throughout Europe and, thanks to his financial success, was also a collector of art, weapons, ceramics and textiles.
As his wife, she collaborated with him on seeking out antiquities and became a popular figure in the artistic circles that gathered around him.
Her interest in textiles began in Spain, when she first joined her husband in searching through old homes and shops, in hopes of finding some rare examples.
In 1875, a few months after his untimely death, she moved to Paris and, with the assistance of her brother Raimundo and the Baron de Davillier, organized a sale of part of his estate.
When he wasn't competing, he accepted a teaching placement at the Outrigger Canoe Club, where he met his future wife, Gildea.
After leaving Outrigger Canoe Club, Downing opened his own surf shop in Kaimuki, which later earned him the Legacy Award from the Hawaii Tourism Authority.
He later competed in the 1965 World Championships, where he finished seventh, and the 1968 Peru International where he came third.
Playing as a half-back or winger, he was selected in the 2019 mid-season draft after spending several years in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).
Noble, originally from Adelaide, was born prematurely and had an identical twin, requiring him to take medication during childhood which delayed his development.
He began playing for West Adelaide in the SANFL from 2016, playing 43 games and kicking 24 goals during his time at the club.
Noble represented his league in a 2019 match against a West Australian Football League (WAFL) representative side, laying four tackles and amassing 24 disposals.
Noble was recruited by Collingwood with pick 14 in the 2019 mid-season draft, replacing Lynden Dunn after he was moved to the long-term injury list.
The club's recruiting manager, Derek Hine, cited Noble's combination of speed and endurance, together with his performance in the state-league representative match, as the reasons he was selected.
Ben Hopkins, West Adelaide's chief executive, congratulated Noble on his selection but pointed out the club's disadvantage and lack of compensation for losing him to the AFL.
He began playing in the club's reserves side in the Victorian Football League (VFL), but after a mere three matches he was called up to the AFL team in a round 17 match against .
Ahead of the 2020 season he re-signed with Collingwood until the end of 2021, and inherited guernsey 9 from Sam Murray, who had been delisted.
The film illustrates the contribution of the legendary actor Uttam Kumar in the Bengali Film Industry, his personal attachment with the technicians and his versatile acting capabilities.
Roberto González López (17 September 1978 – 29 December 2019) artistically known as Sebastián Ferrat, was a Mexican television actor, and stage actor.
The Convent of Santo Domingo is a convent of the Dominican Order in the city of Cusco, Peru, built on the Coricancha which was the most important temple of the Inca Empire capital.
It was Juan Pizarro, brother of Francisco, who gave to the congregation the land of the aboriginal temple, after receiving it in the distribution of lots that took place in October 1534, founded in the same year, it was the first Dominican convent in Peru.
The first prior of the Convent of Santo Domingo was Friar Juan de Olías, who came to occupy it with a group of missionaries from Mexico.
In 1680 the construction works of the current convent begin, being its patrons Diego López de Zúñiga and Antonio de Allende, and the architects of the work were Martín Gonzales de los Lagos, Sebastián Martínez and Pedro de Mesa, and part of the choir was built by Francisco Domínguez de Arellano, completing the convent with the completion of the Baroque bell tower in the early 18th century.
The church of three naves has a dome, a beautiful stalls for the choir carved in cedar, the walls being adorned with Sevillian azulejos.
Anneli Burman (born March 13, 1963) is a Swedish curler.. She is a 1983 Swedish women's champion and three-time Swedish mixed champion (1987, 1989, 1990).
Her PhD thesis was in marine ecology and environmental studies, and focused on human-induced environmental impacts on coral reefs, including field research in Papua New Guinea.
In 2011 she started her own consultancy called SEA – Sustainable Energy Advice, focusing on turning behaviour change theory into best practice.
From 2012 to 2018, she ran the first global research collaboration on behaviour change in demand-side management (DSM) for the International Energy Agency.
She co-chaired a group of Wellington residents opposed to the extension of Wellington International Airport's runway, and is involved with the local chapter of the Aotearoa New Zealand Extinction Rebellion group.
Augustin turned professional on Feb 8, 2014, defeating Michael Davis over four rounds at the Serbian American Cultural Center in Weirton, West Virginia.
During his professional career, he has held both the WBO-NABO, and IBF North American heavyweight titles and has amassed 17 wins with only 1 loss and 1 draw.
Although he is widely listed as fighting out of Louisville, Kentucky, he admitted in an interview that his plan to be based in Louisville did not pan out and in truth, he is actually fighting out of Boston.
The team currently plays in the Calcutta Women's Football League, the State division of women's football in West Bengal under Indian Football Association.
In the centenary year, the East Bengal club again decided to relaunch the women's team and participate in the Calcutta Women's Football League.
In October end, initial trials were conducted by the club, under renowned footballer Kuntala Ghosh Dastidar, with over 150 women participating in it.
Tangentyere Council is a major service delivery agency in Alice Springs which offers a wide range of services and programs for Aboriginal people in Central Australia.
Tangentyere Council was originally created around tenure, services and essential services for Town Camps, and their residents, in the 1970s (they were first incorporated in 1979) but quickly developed to incorporate family, community and social services.
They are the direct result of the dispossession of Aboriginal people from their traditional lands and there is a strong history of opposition to them.
Despite this opposition the camps survived, avoiding measures to remove or assimilate them, and from the 1970s have campaigned to actively assert their rights; demanding land tenure, shelter, services and self-determination.
Tangentyere Council was initially established in 1974, referred to as Tunkatjira, and it was officially recognised in 1977 before finally being incorporated as Tangentyere Council on 6 February 1979.
The Silviniaco Conti Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older.
It is run at Kempton Park over a distance of about 2 miles and 4½ furlongs (2 miles, 4 furlongs and 110 yards, or 4,124 metres), and during its running there are sixteen fences to be jumped.
The event is named after the racehorse Silviniaco Conti, a dual winner of Kempton Park's most prestigious race, the King George VI Chase.
Prior to the 2019-20 season it was run as a Listed race under a sponsored title; the race was renamed and raised to Grade 2 status by the British Horseracing Authority from the 2020 running.
Heweitan () is the location of a Chinese border outpost in the region of Aksai Chin that is controlled by China (as part of Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang) but disputed by India.
This base served as the HQ for the sector, and the forces in this sector played an adversarial role to the Indian forces in Galwan River Valley.
In late 2018, Chinese Ministry of National Defense made a theatrical trailer promoting border troops that was shown in the movie theatre.
The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve that innervates one of the muscles that move the contralateral eye (i.e., the superior oblique muscle).
It emerges from the dorsal aspect of the ventral midbrain, leaves the brain on the dorsal side where it crosses to the opposite side.
The oculomotor nerve originates from the third nerve nucleus at the level of the superior colliculus (in non-mammalian vertebrates this is the optic tectum) in the midbrain.
The rostral part of the nerve crosses the midline to merge with the part of the contralateral nerve that does not cross.
The optic nerve runs from the retina towards the ventral midline of the brain and crosses to the opposite side to continue as the optic tract which inserts to the optic tectum (=superior colliculus)) on the dorsal midbrain (as well as branching off to the thalamus in amniotes).
In mammals and birds and other vertebrates with frontal eyes, the optic nerves do blend in the optic chiasm, and only part of the nerve fibres cross the midline.
The drawings of Cajal suggest that the axons of the optic nerve may branch in the optic chiasm, and thus give off a branch both in the ipsi- and contralateral optic tract.
The hypothesis of Cajal might be valid for the optic chiasm of cephlopods, although in a different manner, because Cajal designed his idea for a chiasm of type II but the cephalopod chiasm os of type III.
In insects, the optic chiasms seem to have evolved gradually, since primitive groups have no chiasm, whereas later evolved groups have one or two optic chiasms along the optic lobe.
In jawless vertebrates (hagfish and lamprey), the optic tracts do cross in the midline, but only after entering the ventral side of the central nervous system.
Therefore, given the obvious and undisputed homology, the optic chiasm is called chiasm also in these clades, even though the crossing is technically a decussation.
Despite the water quality concerns the dams remain popular fishing destinations amongst Carp anglers, the upper lake is one of the most renowned syndicate specimen angling destinations in South Africa.
The top lake is known alternatively as African Gold Syndicate Lake amongst specimen anglers and is situated on private property, bookings need to be made in order to fish there and syndicate members get preference over general public.
The bottom lake was a once popular holiday destination, popular amongst families looking to spend the day out at the water, today the facilities are neglected and run down.
The bottom lake is government run so it is open to all public without preference to syndicate members unlike the top lake.
In 2007, Aiono-Iosefa was the recipient of the Fulbright-Creative New Zealand Pacific Writer in Residence at the Centre of Pacific Islands Studies at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
After the fusion of the party into the Indonesian Democratic Party, he held office as the head of the party from 1976 until 1981, and represented the party in the Supreme Advisory Council from 1978 until 1983.
Doeriat was born on 15 March 1913 at Yogyakarta, as the son of Gunowijoyo, a village head in Cepet, located at the slope of Merapi.
After his marriage with Siti Rabini, Doeriat's parents bought him a home in the Jetis Pakuningratan village, located close to the Tugu Yogyakarta.
Her mother Annie worked as a midwife and her father Gordon is a retired accountant, and she has three older brothers.
She holds a MA (Distinction) from the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama in Advanced Theatre Practice in Directing and an MA in History of Art and Drama from University of Glasgow and Trinity College Dublin, where she wrote her thesis on Samuel Beckett.
Brita Lindholm (born December, 1963) is a Swedish curler.. She is a 1983 Swedish women's champion and three-time Swedish mixed champion (1987, 1989, 1990).
An old man and his wife are visited by their son who is in his thirties and their grandson, the old man becomes preoccupied whether his son has grown taller.
The film won the Youth Jury Award and the Cine Cinema Award at Aix-en-Provence International Short Film Festival, as well as Best Short Film award at Noah's Ark International Film Festival.
Justin Nace is an American singer, songwriter, music producer, mastering engineer, and multi-instrumentalist known for being a member of the bands The Two-Minute Miracles and Sidewalk Prophets, as well as a touring member of Pvris and Emarosa.
Nace started his career with the band Hiccup Helen in 2005, and later joined Christian rock band Sidewalk Prophets as a drummer in 2007 when the band arrived in Nashville, Tennessee.
On February 22, 2016 Sidewalk Prophets announced that Nace would be leaving the band, after nearly 9 years of performing with them to spend more time with his family.
Nace became a touring drummer for American post-hardcore band Pvris in 2014, after being introduced to the band by Blake Harnage of Versa Emerge, a mutual friend.
On January 29, 2020, it was announced on his Instagram and Twitter that he will no longer be touring for PVRIS.
Nace first began drumming at the age of eight, and was self-taught after a local teacher refused to work with him unless he changed his left-handed approach to a right-handed one.
The 1987–88 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 88th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
James Abram Garfield Rehn (26 October 1881 — 25 January 1965) was an American entomologist who was a specialist on the New World Orthoptera.
He took an interest in natural history at a young age and along with severa; others of his age were encouraged by Charles W. Johnson, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.
Rehn met a 16 year old Morgan Hebard in 1903 and the two maintained a close association until Hebard's death in 1946.
Hebard graduated from Yale and after working in the family business, he quit in 1911 and dedicated his life to entomology.
His son John William Holman Rehn was briefly interested in entomology and published some papers with his father but gave it up for a career in the US Army.
Mukesh won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer for this song, which was the first Filmfare Award for Playback Singer.
Hunziker was sent to Mangalore in southwestern India in 1857 by the Basel Mission Press to work there as a printer, his mandate being the production of Bibles, school books and maps.
These 'nature prints', termed 'botanautography' by Hunziker, were made by coating leaves with suitable printing ink and pressing them firmly onto a litho stone, leaving a realistic colour impression.
The first book printed by this process appeared under the name of a local timber merchant, Venantius Peter Coelho, who clearly was a sponsor of the work.
Jamatia was elected as a member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly from Ampinagar as a Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti candidate in 1977, 1983 and 1988.
Jamatia was also elected as a member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly from Ampinagar as a Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti candidate in 1998.
He was elected as a member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly from Ampinagar as an Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra candidate in 2003.
Ang Daigdig Ko'y Ikaw () is 1965 Philippine rom-com co-written, and directed by Efren Reyes starring Fernando Poe Jr. and Susan Roces.
The film is FPJ Productions' 3rd anniversary offering and features the then freelancer Roces in her first assignment since leaving Sampaguita Pictures.
The film was the first of 17 pictures Poe and Roces would make together and was the beginning of their real life relationship, which would culminate in their marriage three years later.
In celebration of the said marriage, the film was re-released to theatres in 1968 which contained footage of the couple's actual marriage ceremony.
In rebelling against her father's wishes, Vicky and Roman's paths will cross as they journey from Batangas to Baguio, and along the way get to know each other and fall in love with one another.
Don Enrique locked up Vicky aboard a yatch in order to prevent her from eloping with Daniel, whom he objects to because of his questionable character.
While anchored in Batangas, and taking advantage of Don Enrique being out on the shore, Vicky swims to the nearest shore.
She stows away in Roman's truck and upon being discovered, she lies to Roman about her life - fabricating a lie wherein she is an orphan who is being forced by an aunt to be married off to a rich old man whom she doesn't have feelings for.
On their delivery from Batangas all the way to Baguio, Roman and Vicky gets to know each other and starts to become intimate with one another.
Along the way, Vicky constantly hides from Don Enrique's men, who has been ordered by the elder Larrazabal to retrieve Vicky.
Upon arriving in Baguio, Roman discovers the true identity of Vicky and is deeply hurt that Vicky had lied to him.
Unbeknownst to Vicky, Daniel is also in Baguio and that revelation led Roman to think that Vicky had played with his emotions only to run-off with Daniel as soon as they arrive in Baguio.
Don Enrique then confronted Daniel and was impressed with his character that he approved of him for Vicky despite Roman not being rich.
Phil Collins (born March 8, 1967) is an American politician who is the Prohibition Party's presidential nominee for the 2020 presidential election.
Phil Collins was born on March 8, 1967 at Naval Air Station Point Mugu in Point Mugu, California where his father was stationed.
In 1985 he graduated from Siloam Springs High School and later received a bachelor of arts in political science from the University of Arkansas.
In 2013 he was elected as a Libertyville Township trustee and while living in Illinois served as the chairman of the Illinois Prohibition party.
He later moved to Las Vegas, Nevada and on June 12, 2018 he won the Republican nomination for Clark County treasurer against Ron Q. Quiland, but was defeated in the general election by Laura Fitzpatrick.
On April 14, 2019 he was given the Prohibition party's vice presidential nomination after initially losing the presidential nomination after Connie Gammon, who was the 2020 vice presidential nominee, became the presidential nominee after Bill Bayes withdrew from the presidential nomination.
On August 24, 2019 he was given the Prohibition party's presidential nomination to replace Connie Gammon after he withdrew due to health issues.
Afterward he announced that he would also run in the American Independent Party's presidential primary in California and his name was included on the American Independent primary list.
The KTM 250 FRR was a racing motorcycle made by KTM, which was used in the 250cc class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 2005 until 2008.
The bike was created as a 250cc variant to the already existing KTM 125 FRR that KTM participated with in the 125cc.
The plans to create this bike also came when the company had plans to participate with a Factory team in the 250cc class in 2005.
On its debut, West shocked many when he scored an impressive second place in a wet British grand prix, fighting for the lead after then-leader Hiroshi Aoyama crashed out with fifteen laps to go.
However, the results after were lacklustre and West was not able to score any more podiums for the remainder of the season.
The next season, the team expanded to two riders as West departed as the team brought on Hiroshi Aoyama and Manuel Poggiali.
The team initially scored decent point results, but Aoyama impressed when he won KTM's first 250cc race at only the third round of the season in Turkey, fighting with Alex de Angelis and Héctor Barberá on the flat-out charge to the final chicane on the last lap.
At the final race in Valencia, Aoyama took the first and last pole of the season on Saturday, but crashed out of the race on Sunday, causing him to end fourth in the drivers championship.
Compared to Hiroshi Aoyama, Manuel Poggiali frequently struggled on the bike and failed to score any podiums of victories, instead only scoring a decent haul of points this season.
Overall, the team scored 205 points, seven podiums - two of which were victories - and finished third in the constructors championship.
Howeer, it was in Germany where the team scored its first 1-2 finish, Aoyama finishing ahead of Kallio, the latter scoring KTM's first pole of the season on Saturday.
At the final race of the season in Valencia, it was Kallio who took the spoils on Saturday and Sunday, taking the pole on Saturday and winning the race on Sunday.
Overall, the team scored 226 points, eight podiums - four of which were victories - and finished third in the constructors championship.
This was the final year for the team and the bike, as KTM had announced their withdrawal from the 250cc at the end of this season.
Mika Kallio scored a third place finish at the opening round in Qatar and improved upon his efforts at the next round in Spain by scoring the team's first victory of the season, profiting from a last-lap collision between Marco Simoncelli and Álvaro Bautista.
Kallio then took another third place when he narrowly missed out on second in Portugal, then took another win in China, as well as fastest lap, with Aoyama finishing second - his first podium of the season and KTM's first and only 1-2 finish of the year.
Aoyama scored KTM's final pole position on Saturday and second place podium finish at the Malaysian round, before the team's permanent departure from the 250cc class.
Overall, the team scored 245 points, eight podiums - three of which were victories - and finished third in the constructors championship.
The 1986–87 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 87th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The Liao River historically bifurcates into two distributaries near the Liujianfang Hydrological Station (六间房水文站) at Xinkaihe Town (新开河镇) of Anshan's Tai'an County, forming the Liao River Delta.
However, the low elevation and the flat, waterway-rich (and often rerouting) topography of the Liao River Delta region created a huge problem in flood control.
During monsoon seasons the storm surges from the Bohai Sea could go as far inland as the Trident confluence, and when meeting the voluminous upstream water from the Liao River, would frequently exceed the capacity of river channels causing massive spill-over flash floods.
This flood risk particularly threatened the cities of Yingkou (which is immediately adjacent to the Daliao River mouth and home to 2 million people) and Haicheng (which has over 1 million residents).
In 1958, a river engineering project was conducted, and the upriver of the Wailiao River at the Liao River bifurcation was blocked off, redirecting the Liao River flow entirely towards the Shuangtaizi River (双台子河), the originally smaller western distributary of the river delta.
This separated the Wailiao, Hun and Taizi Rivers from Liao River permanently, making the Daliao River an independent river system since 1958.
It was originally released by Experience in Japanese in 2017 for PlayStation Vita, and for PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Xbox One; Aksys Games released the game in English for the same platforms except Xbox One, and additionally released a Microsoft Windows version in both English and Japanese.
The game was directed by Motoya Ataka and produced by Hajime Chikami, with art by Rui Tomono and Fumiya Sumio, and music by Naoaki Jimbo.
The story is set in H City, Tokyo, where it follows an amnesiac, player-named man whose default name is Kazuo Yashiki.
In the beginning of the game, Yashiki notices that he carries a scar on his arm, called the Mark, which according to rumors is caused by curses or contact with ghosts, and will lead to its bearer's death at dawn.
After noticing the Mark, he blanks out, and finds himself in front of Kujou Mansion, where he finds its owner, Saya Kujou, dead.
Believing that they got the Mark from trespassing in the abandoned H Elementary School, they go there to investigate, and join with ex-detective Satoru Mashita, who also investigates the school and carries the Mark.
They learn of the vengeful spirit of Hanahiko, an orphaned child who was subject to child abuse by the school's principal for liking to wear skirts and makeup, and who as a spirit killed the school's staff.
The group calms the spirit with Hanahiko's mother's lipstick, a keepsake from when Hanahiko was alive, which absolves everyone's Mark except Yashiki's; Mary believes Yashiki's to be from another spirit, although it is weakened, allowing him to live a while longer.
Major influences for the game included supposedly haunted places and deserted areas in cities, and the spirits were based on urban legends and historical events.
Aksys Games announced at Anime Expo 2018 that they would localize the game and release it in North America and Europe for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita, and released it both digitally and physically for those platforms on October 31, 2018.
In addition to the standard release, the game was available in a limited edition including an artbook, a soundtrack CD, a slipcase, and a temporary tattoo of the fatal Mark.
They chose it for localization after internal playing and evaluation, considering it a perfect fit for them due to the horror themes and it being an interactive adventure game.
The PlayStation Vita print release was additionally the best selling physical PlayStation Vita game in the UK during its debut week in December 2018 according to GfK Chart-Track.
She made her debut at the opera in 1807 and became one of the most famous dancers of the French Restoration period, together with her friend Émilie Bigottini.
After meeting at the Radio, Television & Film at The University of Texas at Austin in 2004 and working on several projects together, Ben Steinbauer and Berndt Mader formed The Bear in 2007.
The film was directed by Steinbauer and was named by the Austin Film Critics Association the Best Austin Film for 2010.
The film was written and directed by Mader and won the Target Filmmaker Award at the 2011 Dallas International Film Festival.
They also designed Van Doren Hall and the Veterinary Science Building on the campus of Washington State University in Pullman, Washington.
It has been selected and awarded at several film festivals including Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival, Palm Springs International Film Festival as well as Aspen Shortsfest, where it won the Oscar Qualifying Jury Award for Comedy.
Meanwhile, Abdallah and Mohammed come across a donkey with headphones on its ears and bags full of white powder on its back.
Since its launch, the film has been selected in nearly 100 festivals around the world and has received more than 65 awards.
The 1985–86 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 86th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Pavel Vasilʹevich Volobuev (1 January 1923 - 1977) was a Azerbaijani historian who was responsible for the publication of the multi-volume History of the USSR in 1966.
He was appointed director of the Institute of the History of the USSR of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1969.
Rheopteris is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species, Rheopteris cheesmaniae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
John of Austria or Don Giovanni d'Austria is a monumental sculpture in bronze, originally gilded, of John of Austria by architect and sculptor , a native of Carrara who trained in the Florentine workshop of Bartolomeo Ammannati.
Its erection was decided by the Senate of Messina in 1571 to honor the victor of the Battle of Lepanto, from which many Messineses had benefited, and it was dedicated in 1572.
On the sides of the pedestal are bronze plaques depicting the fleet, the battle, and the fleet's victorious return to Messina as well as an inscription.
John is figured holding a three-pronged baton in reference to his command of the triple alliance of Philip II, the Pope, and the Republic of Venice, with his foot on the severed head of a vanquished Turk generally considered to be Müezzinzade Ali Pasha.
Following damages during the Sicilian revolution of 1848, it was moved in 1853 to face the Church of Santissima Annunziata dei Teatini ().
CARRP (Controlled Application Review and Resolution Program) is a policy within United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that aims to prevent selected individuals from obtaining citizenship or immigration benefits.
The policy was created in 2008 and mainly targets immigrants from Arab, Middle Eastern, Muslim and South Asian communities., with the top 5 countries being Pakistan, Iraq, India, Iran and Yemen.
By law, immigration applications must be adjudicated within 180 days but the program introduces a loop of indefinite delays by citing national security or public safety concerns.
Placement of applications into the program depends on a number of subjective factors and associations such as monetary remittances into middle-eastern countries, loose associations through social media or contact with individuals suspected of being involved in terroristic activities, or unsubstantiated allegations sent to immigration authorities by people opposed to the individuals' immigration efforts.
A number of lawsuits have been filed on behalf of individuals affected by this program, although most have been dismissed after USCIS then approved the complainants applications.
Born at Thanet in December 1808, Braybrooke was by profession a mill owner at Oldham, specialising in the spinning and manufacture of cotton.
He played first-class cricket on two occasions for Manchester, with both matches coming against Yorkshire in 1844 and 1845 at Moss Lane.
Şehzade Mehmed (; 14 January 1717 – 22 December 1756) was the son of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (reign 17031730) and his consort Rukiye Kadın.
Following his birth, his half-brother Mustafa (later Mustafa III) was born and the birth of both princes were celebrated in February 1717.
He disguised himself as an ordinary man and went to the bazaar of Manisa to see how the environment was doing.
During the 1970s, the Soviet Union identified new requirements for anti-tank weapons, which required self-propelled anti-tank guns to combine mobility, counterattacking firepower and accuracy, allowing them to hit targets at considerable distances from their firing positions.
With these in mind, a decision was made by the USSR military-industrial complex on May 17, 1976, to give the task of designing a lightweight 100 mm-caliber self-propelled anti-tank gun to a group of enterprises.
The gun was designed to be based on the 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzer, the entire project being headed by the Yurga Machine-Building Plant, while the automatic radar fire control system would be built by the Tula-based Strela design bureau.
Prototypes of the 2S15 would be built by KB Arsenal, but production did not finish before the deadline, which delayed the presentation of the gun to 1981, when the guns again failed to present themselves.
However, by that time, with the introduction of new models of tanks, the 100 mm gun proved to be of little use against their intended targets.
Norbert Trawöger (born 2 June 1971) is an Austrian flautist, teacher, writer and designing musician as well as artistic director of the Bruckner Orchestra Linz.
As of 2019 he plays concerts on old and modern flute instruments, teaches at the music school in Wels and is of the music mediation course of the Anton Bruckner Private University.
Trawöger was personal advisor to the chief conductor Markus Poschner from autumn 2017 and was in charge of the dramaturgy and communication of the Bruckner Orchestra.
Radi has worked on anti-competition practices by Mounir Majidi; corruption among politicians and members of parliament; budgetary problems in the urgent education program; a 2018 documentary about the Hirak Rif Movement; and coverage of social movements in Sidi Ifni, Imidir and Rif.
In April 2019, Radi tweeted to protest against the 20-years jail sentence of 42 activists, including Nasser Zefzafi, from the Hirak Rif Movement.
On 31 December 2019, he was released on bail following a national and international campaign in his support, two days before his judgement, due on 2 January 2020.
It was initially designed to be placed in the center of the Quattro Canti but was eventually erected in its current location.
It portrays him as a triumphant Roman Emperor, with reference to his months-long stop in Sicily (including Palermo) following the Conquest of Tunis (1535).
It was designed by architect Albert Held, and built in 1908 at a cost of $80,000 for the Inland Investment Company.
The dictionary is funded through the Arnamagnæan Commission and is based in the Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics at the University of Copenhagen.
Of these, four are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The Caldon Canal passes through and ends in the parish, and the listed buildings associated with it are three bridges, a lock, a milestone and a milepost.
The rest of the listed buildings include churches and a chapel, items in a churchyard, a road bridge, a former tramway terminus, a former warehouse, road mileposts, public houses, a hand pump, and a telephone kiosk.
The 1984–85 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 85th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Viscount of Almocadén () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, granted in 1926 by Alfonso XIII to Manuel Domecq y Núñez de Villavicencio, main promoter of the sherry wine market.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico.
He played first-class cricket on two occasions for Manchester, with both matches coming against Yorkshire in 1844 and 1845 at Moss Lane.
He scored 26 runs with a high score of 11 across his two appearances, in addition to taking 8 wickets with best figures of 4 for 40.
The game was originally released for the PlayStation Vita, and has since been ported to the PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Nintendo Switch.
In the game, the player investigates haunted locations, searching for clues relating to spirits, aiming to purify or destroy the spirit.
The game was directed by Motoya Ataka, produced by Hajime Chikami, and designed by Yuuki Miura and Tomohiro Kokubu, and was developed to contrast with the previous game in the series in terms of its writing and protagonist, with gradually introduced horror and a hot-blooded player character.
Critics praised the game for its story, characterization, and visuals, and considered it a good game for fans of Asian horror.
During investigations, the player also has access to an optional series of side quests, where the protagonist receives text messages prompting the player to search for cards hidden in objects described in the messages.
When confronting the current spirit in a boss battle, the player makes use of items they have found during their investigation; item descriptions and entries in the protagonist's journal are used to determine what to do.
The battle has different possible outcomes: if the player purifies the spirit, their partner is freed from spiritual shackles, whereas if they destroy the spirit, the spirit's curse is moved onto the player's partner, killing them.
It was written by Kunimitsu Kobayashi, Satoru Okano, Makoto Obara, Kyo Yahagi, and Ryoko Seki, with character designs by Fumiya Sumio, spirit designs by Kera, and concept art by Kazuhiro Oya, and with audio by Naoaki Jimbo.
In trying to get the right mood for the game, the developers looked through tens of thousands of pieces of concept art when looking for artists to recruit to the team, and played through each chapter multiple times, re-creating them from scratch when they did not match their vision.
Aksys Games released the game internationally on October 10, 2019, for the PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Microsoft Windows.
Critics liked the game's writing and characterization; the characters were considered impactful, likable, interesting and distinct, with relatable issues, and the sympathy shown for the spirits, with the player having to get to know them, was well received.
Neither of the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 4 versions appeared on Media Create's weekly Japanese top 20 sales charts during their debut weeks, meaning they sold less than 3,569 and 2,724 physical copies each, respectively, during that time period.
Shibito Magire (tentative title) is an upcoming adventure video game in development by Experience, planned for release in Q2/Q3 2021 in Japan for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4.
The story is set in a Tokyo suburb, and sees the player take the role of Kazuo Yashiki, who is hired to infiltrate a school as a teacher to investigate gruesome, spiritual incidents that occur there every ten years.
The player investigates areas in a side-view perspective together with a number of partner characters; the choice of partner determines which locations the player has access to.
The investigations are conducted together with one of several partner characters; depending on which is chosen, the player has access to different locations and items.
These are used to affect outcomes in dangerous situations, such as when being attacked by a spirit, in a system called Suspensive Act.
The police are unable to explain the incidents, and classify them as accidents, but they are rumored to be caused by spirits.
Because of this, Konoehara's principal hires Kazuo Yashiki of the Kujo family to infiltrate the school as a teacher and investigate the incidents.
The development was financed through a successful crowdfunding campaign on the website Campfire, which began on November 25, 2019, with a goal of 15 million yen (approximately US$140,000), which was reached on December 29 with 17 days remaining of the campaign.
Review of Four FISA Applications and Other Aspects of the FBI's Crossfire Hurricane Investigation is a report by the United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General which was released on December 9, 2019 by Inspector General Michael E. Horowitz.
The report reviewed the Crossfire Hurricane investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which looked into whether people associated with the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign coordinated with Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
Several issues examined by the report were: the origins of the Crossfire Hurricane investigation, the FBI's usage of reports from Christopher Steele, the FBI's applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to surveil former Trump campaign adviser Carter Page, and the FBI's use of confidential human sources as part of the investigation, among other issues.
The investigation looked into whether people associated with the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign coordinated with Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
On March 18, 2018, Department of Justice Inspector General Michael Horowitz announced that his office would initiate a review in response to requests from the Attorney General Jeff Sessions and members of Congress.
This announcement came in the wake of allegations by conservative politicians of misconduct by the FBI and the United States Department of Justice (DOJ).
The Republican Party's Nunes memo alleged that the DOJ and FBI abused the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in their applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) to surveil Carter Page, a former member for the 2016 Trump campaign.
The Nunes memo also alleged that it was not disclosed that the Steele dossier used to justify the applications was indirectly funded in part by the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign, and that the dossier had unconfirmed information.
The report was based on a review of over 1 million Justice Department and FBI documents, as well as 170 interviews of over 100 witnesses.
The OIG also does not have the power to prosecute individuals, but is limited to making criminal referrals to the Department of Justice.
It was confirmed that the investigation was opened due to information shared by a foreign government on George Papadopoulos, which indicated that Papadopoulos was aware of Russia's possession and potential release of information damaging to Trump's rival presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.
The report specifically highlighted the FBI's reliance on information provided by former British intelligence officer Christopher Steele, finding that these reports played a crucial role in justifying surveillance of Page, but that, after gathering information that called Steele's reliability into question, the FBI failed to properly disclose the issues with his reports.
The FBI also labelled a meeting between Page and Russian official(s) as suspicious activity to justify the application, while omitting mention that Page had already disclosed information about the meeting to the American government agency.
It also emerged that one of the sources who provided information to the FBI was a Trump supporter, as were the FBI employees handling this sources.
Horowitz expressed surprise at Durham's statement, and in subsequent testimony stated his view that conclusions should not be announced until an investigation is complete.
Horowitz testified that he had met Durham in November 2019 and requested from Durham any information relevant to the review by his office.
Horowitz also testified that he was not given information by Barr or Durham that would change his finding that the investigation was justified.
A preliminary investigation allows the FBI to use confidential human sources, but not the court-ordered surveillance which Carter Page was subjected to.
Judge Collyer ordered the FBI to explain how the FBI will address problems with the FISA process that were uncovered by the report.
On January 10, 2020, the FBI responded to the court by providing a list of 12 changes to procedures regarding its applications to the court, which included having more training, and improving checklists.
The court subsequently appointed David S. Kris, a former senior official in the Obama administration and an expert on FISA, to advise the court on the proposed changes in the FBI's procedures.
On January 15, 2020, Kris filed a 15-page brief with the court in which he stated that the proposed changes do not appropriately address the problems uncovered by the IG report.
Yiannis Papadimitriou (29 March 1912 – 25 December 2019) was a Greek lawyer and politician who served as a Member of Parliament.
He died at the age of 107 in December 2019 and at the time of his death was the oldest living former member of the Greek Parliament.
Currently the section between Nainpur and Chiraidongri is operational (19 km), remaining closed for gauge conversion the section Chiraidongri – Mandla Fort (24 km).
From Nainpur Junction, the line connects to the partially converted Jabalpur – Gondia railway line, from narrow gauge to broad gauge.
Currently the major part of it have been converted, with just a small section of 25 km under gauge conversion (Samnapur – Lamta).
Lord of Alconchel () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, granted in 1445 by John II to Gutierre de Sotomayor, Grand master of the Order of Alcántara.
She was again withdrawn from the fleet on 2 June 1956, to have the grain unloaded, she returned reloaded on 30 June 1956.
Redfern Park is a heritage-listed park at Elizabeth, Redfern, Chalmers, and Phillip Streets, Redfern, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The Gadigal People of the Eora Nation are recognised as the traditional custodians of the land on which Redfern Park and Oval are now located, as well as the greater Redfern area.
This part of Sydney was originally park of a diverse wetland that connected to the Tank Stream and an important meeting place.
The British invasion brought smallpox, which had a catastrophic impact on the Aboriginal clans of the Sydney area, and the colony itself soon spread to the Redfern area, partly in pursuit of clean fresh water following pollution of the Tank Stream.
Many Aboriginal people moved to La Perouse and elsewhere, and began to become prominent in city life again from the 1930s, when working class suburbs like Pyrmont, Balmain, Rozelle, Glebe and Redfern became central places for Aboriginal families to like, where housing was relatively cheap and there was plenty of work in nearby factories.
Changes in government legislation in the 1960s provided freedom of movement enabling more Aboriginal people to choose to live in Sydney.
In 1803 he was pardoned, but remained on the island until 1808, when he returned to Sydney and was appointed assistant surgeon after being examined in medicine and surgery by Surgeons Jamison, Harris and Bohan.
In 1814 he reported on conditions on convict transport ships and his recommendation that all have a surgeon on board whose duties were to superintend the health of convicts was put into practice.
Despite his valuable service, many were contemptuous of him as he was an emancipist, although he had the friendship of Governor Macquarie.
In 1818 Redfern received a grant of in Airds and later received more land in the area and by his death in 1823 he owned, by grant and purchase, over in NSW.
The commodious home Redfern built on his land was considered to be a country house, surrounded by flower and kitchen gardens.
His neighbours were John Baptist (at the Darling Nursery in today's Chippendale) and Captain Cleveland, an officer of the 73rd regiment, remembered by today's street of that name, and before its demolition, by Cleveland House, his home.
Tanners, wool scourers and wool-washers, fellmongers, boiling down works and abattoirs had ten years to move their businesses outside city boundaries.
Public meetings were held and after a flurry of petitions Redfern Municipality was proclaimed on 11 August 1859, the fourth in Sydney to be formed under the Act.
Redfern Park remained swamp land while residential and industrial Redfern was built up around it, and it became known as Boxley's Lagoon and seen as a nuisance and a waste land.
Council prepared by-laws for the park in 1887 and installed a caretaker in 1888.< The park was styled as late Victorian Pleasure Gardens with Botanical Plantings and Landscape Design.
Around 1886 planting began using tree saplings supplied by the Royal Botanic Gardens including Moreton Bay figs, deciduous figs, and Canary Island palms.
The plantings used in the park reflect the preferences or botanical palate of the successive directors of the Botanic Gardens with Charles Moore (director 1848-1896) favouring Port Jackson and Moreton Bay figs and Joseph T. Maiden (director 1896-1924) deciduous figs and Canary Island pines.
This design split the park into a southern section for sporting activities and a northern half comprising a formal landscaped garden for passive recreation which included extensive specimen plantings, lawns, flower gardens, seating, shaded walkways across the park and around the perimeter, decorative gates, and the Baptist fountain in the centre.
Prominent local resident John Baptist Jr., of Portuguese background, donated the fountain and several urns for installation in the new landscaped park in 1889-1890.
He opened a nursery in Redfern to the east of what became Redfern Park (in what is now the Marriot Street Reserve area).
The cast iron fountain, which features a bronze finish, was manufactured in Coalbrookdale, England and imported to Australia as a kit which was then constructed on site.
Today only a few survive: there is one at Forbes, NSW; one in the botanical gardens in Adelaide, SA; and another partial or incomplete one in the Fitzroy Gardens in Melbourne, Victoria.
While the park was under construction, the citizens of Redfern put together a subscription to erect sandstone gates at the northern entrance.
In 1891 the Redfern Street gates, which comprised two white painted sandstone piers supporting decorative wrought iron gates featuring a prominent Waratah motif, were installed.
The park was initially designed with a cricket oval and wickets (1887-1890) and a bowling green and sporting activities may have commenced as early as 1886.
In the decades following the opening of the oval it was used for rugby union during the winter and cricket during the summer.
To further the use of the oval for cricket purposes a cricket pavilion, donated by the Redfern (South Sydney) Mayor, was opened in 1892.
From the early decades of the twentieth century sporting usage began to dominate at Redfern Park with the sporting facilities being used for tennis, rugby league, cricket, baseball, boxing, and many other sports.
By 1909 the oval had been found to be too small for cricket and the Council moved to increase the size of the sports area of the park and enclose it within a seven foot fence.
The NSW Rugby Football League competition was formed on 17 January 1908 with South Sydney being one of the nine founding clubs.
In 1911 Redfern Oval was first leased to the NSW Rugby Football League for the majority of the season beginning a regular arrangement.
Following the horror and loss of life of WWI many communities across Australia chose to honour and remember their local soldiers through living or static memorials.
These efforts were successful and the extant WWI war memorial was constructed in the northwest corner of the park in 1919-1920.
Throughout the inter-war period sports became more popular among the local community (and the local population became more working class) the supporting facilities at Redfern Oval continued to be improved.
By the 1930s cricket and rugby league continued to thrive, but bowling was losing popularity, and in 1934 the bowling club was asked to leave so the greens could be converted into tennis courts (1934-1935).
In contrast, the ornamental gardens or pleasure grounds of Redfern Park were allowed to deteriorate until a restoration and clean-up program began in 1936-7.
Further maintenance works were carried out during the 1943-1944 which included the proposed construction of a children's playground, which was not built until 1946.
Following the attack on Pearl Harbour in 1942 during WWII zig-zag air raid trenches were installed on the east and west sides of the park.
In 1946 the South Sydney Rugby League Club approached Redfern Council about making Redfern Oval their home ground if suitable improvements were carried out.
Construction works to upgrade the oval, including the upgrading of the oval surface, the construction of new embankments and facilities, and the remodelling of the original pavilion to function as a larger grandstand, commenced the following year.
This work was completed in April 1948 in time for the Rabbitohs to commence matches at the Oval in this year's competition.
With the scant post-war resources of Council going towards the upgrading of Redfern Oval, the ornamental gardens of Redfern Park were once again neglected from the later 1940s to the 1970s.
Throughout this period several of the ornamental features of the park were removed including the boundary walkways, and stone columns and pedestals with cast iron urns (1965) that had been donated by John Baptist.
In 1974 park beautification works involved the construction of five large raised sandstone garden beds around the Baptist fountain and from 1975 into the 1980s the asphalt paths were replaced with decorative interlocking paving.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s vandalism and theft was a continual problem, which required security (lighting) upgrades on several occasions, and the repair of the war memorial in 1973 and the 1980s.
Throughout its history, Redfern Park has seen many diverse uses in accordance with its value as an outdoor park within an otherwise heavily urbanised (and at times industrial) area.
In the recent past the park has hosted community events including: the Redfern/Waterloo Festival, the Yabun Festival / Survival Day events, Music in the Park concerts, Carols in the Park, Anzac Day Memorial Services, and Citizenship Ceremonies.
In 2007 Redfern Park and Oval was the subject of a major redevelopment project by the City of Sydney that aimed to renew the open-area nature of the park and update the sporting facilities so that the South Sydney Rabbitohs could continue to use the oval as a training facility.
This project revitalised the park and oval and reintegrated these two public spaces more in accordance with the original design for the park.
Today the park is considered to be one of the most beautiful in inner Sydney and an important green oasis in urban Redfern.
Its beauty stems from the retention of its Victorian character and its mix of fine mature trees, expansive lawns, artistic features, and historic monuments.
The success of the park's redevelopment project was recognised internationally in 2014 when it received a prestigious Green Flag Award marking it as one of the top parks in the world for recreation and relaxation.
Many Aboriginal people had survived in the Sydney area during the later nineteenth century by living outside of or on the fringes of European settlement.
This was despite the efforts of the Aborigines Protection Board to confine Aboriginal settlement to various missions and reserves from the 1890s onwards.
The 1930s depression and the efforts of the Aborigines Protection Board to disenfranchise and assimilate Aboriginal people (gain control of their lives) led many people to leave country areas and migrate to the city.
The industries based in Redfern provided employment opportunities for these Aboriginal people leading to a small community forming during the 1930s.
As the Aboriginal Redfern community grew from the 1930s-1940s onward Redfern Park became a meeting place for this community - it was a central public place in Redfern and close to many other important Aboriginal services and housing.
These comfortable places were increasingly important over time to the community and their sense of identity (and ownership) as they began the revolution in rights and self-determination in the 1960s and 1970s.
The sense of identity and ownership the Redfern Aboriginal community had for the Redfern area linked to many important landmarks and community or comfortable places that were, or became, part of the movement.
Redfern Oval, because it was a place where the Rabbitohs and All-Blacks played, was an exciting place for community members to visit due to the large number of Aboriginal players that played in both teams.
Community members showed these places with pride to new mob and visiting friends and family, as a way of showing what they had achieved.
It must be remembered that all this was achieved in the face of racist policies by the local police force and their persecution of the local community (and local and state government) (Pamela Young).
The Redfern All Blacks were established in 1944 as a result of dances held at Redfern Town Hall held to raise funds for the court defence of the legal rights of repatriated Aboriginal servicemen if necessary.
These funds were never required for this purpose and, instead, they were used to establish a football club to ease the boredom of slum life for Aboriginal men who had moved to the city from the bush.
The club increasingly offered a welcoming and inclusive place which gave members and supporters purpose, a sense of community, and a positive sense of identity and pride.
During this time both teams trained and played at Redfern Oval, as well as other local venues such as Alexandria Oval.
The RAB became increasingly popular during this time with two matches at Redfern Oval in 1950 against Fernleigh, one a round game and the other the grand final, drawing 8,000 and 15,000 spectators respectively.
The club again dropped out of the competition in the mid-1960s before it was resurrected in 1969 through financial assistance for the National Aboriginal Sports Foundation.
This funding hoped to allow the club to serve social functions including helping integrate new arrivals to the city and providing management skill training for those involved in the running of the club.
After their reformation the club continued to play a prominent role in the community and was a major organisation during the self-determination and rights movement during the 1960s and 1970s.
In 1971 the Redfern All Blacks were one of the seven founding teams of the Koori Knockout and they have continued to field teams in the competition to the present.
The Koori Knockout was established to provide a stage where the many talented Aboriginal players, who were being overlooked by talent scouts, could display their skills.
It also had an important family and community focus and was linked in with the political activism underway in Redfern at the time.
The All Blacks have been very successful in this competition, winning the title on 10-12 occasions, which has resulted in the Knockout being held at Redfern Oval at least four times.
It has also played an important part in starting the Rugby League careers of many Aboriginal players who rose through the local competition to join the South Sydney Rabbitohs.
It is unclear to what extent Redfern Oval was considered historically to be the home ground of the Redfern All Blacks.
When Redfern Oval was the home ground of the Rabbitohs (1946-1988) there were regular matches of the South Sydney juniors league at the ground, most often the finals each year.
However, nearly all the RAB players also supported the Rabbitohs so they still had a strong connection with the oval in this respect.
It is likely RAB's connection to this oval has grown with time at it has become more available for use by the club.
Redfern Oval became the home ground of the South Sydney Rabbitohs from the 1948 season of the NSW Rugby League competition.
In 1977 as part of a state government project to provide local employment and upgrade community facilities the earthen banks of the oval were upgraded and fencing installed around the oval.
Between 1948 and 1987 the South Sydney Rabbitohs used Redfern Oval as their home ground before moving to Sydney Football Stadium in 1988.
In 1999 when the Rabbitohs were expelled from the new 14 team NRL structure a massive march of 40,000 people was held that began at Redfern Oval and proceeded to Sydney Town Hall to protest against the decision.
Between 2007 and 2009 the City of Sydney redeveloped Redfern Oval to update its facilities to permit the Rabbitohs to resume their usage of the oval as a training ground from 2009.
This was specifically on Saturday nights when the community would gather to drink, play football, or to continue the traditional practices of meeting outside.
It is likely that Redfern Park and Oval's importance as a meeting place for the local and increasingly revolutionary Aboriginal Redfern Community led to it being associated with two of the most important events in Aboriginal history over the last thirty-forty years.
In this manner this place has played an important part in the quest of Aboriginal people for recognition, justice, and equality in Australian society.
These events have also led this place to becoming important in the efforts towards reconciliation between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Australia which continue to this day.
Many Aboriginal Australians felt insulted by the effort put into organising the 1988 Bicentennial festivities by the Federal and State Governments, especially when they faced such discrimination and social problems that required urgent attention and funding.
The inspiration for the Long March of Freedom, Justice, and Hope has its beginnings in the 150 year centenary celebration of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1938.
However, a severe backlash by mining and pastoral interest and elements of the Australian Labor Party caused the Hawke government to water down these promises and retreat from his commitments.
Many Aboriginal people were outraged, particularly the National Federation of Land Councils and the National Aboriginal Conference, who had been involved in the government talks.
The 1988 bi-centenary celebrations were seen by Aboriginal activists as a prime opportunity to further their cause and highlight the appalling human rights record of White Australia.
The march was organised by the Freedom Justice Hope Committee whose board comprised Judith Chester (1950-2010), Kevin Cook (1939-2015), Reverend Charlie Harris, Linda Burney (1957-), Chris Kirkbright, and Karen Flick, and many other people also contributed.
Kevin Cook had created a strong network through his development of Tranby Indigenous Education and Training centre and his political and union activities allowed the committee to spread the message about the protest and gather support.
Tranby became a hub for participants of the protest from outside the city and state in the days leading up to 1988 Australia/Invasion day.
In the weeks and months leading up to the march convoys started from Aboriginal communities across the country heading for Sydney.
These convoys often began as a group of buses, perhaps with some additional car loads of people, but as they travelled they grew in size as others joined.
Camping spots were organised for each convoy along their journey (with local Aboriginal groups) and often convoys would have cooking teams that travelled ahead to set up camp for the arrival of the main group.
As groups met up on their way to Sydney many impromptu meetings were held, including one large one at Mildura between the Darwin and mobs.
Once together, this large convoy entered Sydney, with a police escort of one car, receiving displays of support through different areas of the city, before heading to La Perouse which had been designated as the headquarters of the protest in the lead up to Invasion/Australia Day.
Over the next few days a great meeting was held between the protest participants to organise the march and other protests and their aims.
It seems that prior to this meeting the route or location of the march had not been agreed upon by the protest participants, although the organisation committee may have developed some options for consideration.
Two views regarding the march developed during the meeting: one that is should proceed from Redfern Park/Oval through the city streets to Hyde Park where a series of speeches and rallies would be held (Reverend Harris Mob) and the other that the march or protest should proceed to or be held at Lady Macquarie's chair overlooking the re-enactment celebrations.
During the meeting protestors were already protesting along the shores of La Perouse against the re-enactments staged to celebrate the arrival of the First Fleet into Botany Bay.
Ultimately, it appears that marchers were organised to participate in marches along both options with the smaller march to Lady Macquarie's Chair organised for earlier in the day and the larger march to Hyde Park later from mid-morning.
By 11am when the march was scheduled to begin, around 20,000 Aboriginal Australians from across the country had gathered along with non-Indigenous supporters.
From Redfern Park the march progressed along both Chalmers and Elizabeth Streets and then stopped first at Belmore Park where a second group of mainly non-Indigenous supporters awaited their arrival.
The stone railway bridge over Eddy Avenue prevented the marchers from seeing or hearing the crowd in Belmont Park, which meant that when they arrived at the end of the Eddy Avenue tunnel they were suddenly confronted with a huge cheer from the gathered supporters.
From Belmore Park the marchers continued to Hyde Park with the march growing along the route, to over 30,000 or 40,000 people depending on reports.
This march was thought at the time to have been the largest Aboriginal gathering ever and was the largest protest march in Sydney since the Vietnam moratorium.
There was a strict ban on alcohol on the day and people joined together to ensure this ban was kept so the police could not cause them any trouble.
The success of the march drew attention from across the world and brought Indigenous issues to the forefront of the national consciousness.
Today the march is still remembered as a day of hope and empowerment and its success still brings pride to the Aboriginal people and communities who participated.
It was a demonstration or expression of Black identity and solidarity, and highlighted the plight of Aboriginal Australians in contemporary Australian society, especially the startling contrast between the third-world living conditions faced by many Aboriginal Australians and the lavish amounts of money (200 million ) spent by the Federal Government on the enormous pomp and ceremony celebrating the British invasion of Australia.
The success of the march led to important steps forward in Aboriginal rights, issues, recognition, and reconciliation during the late 1980s and early 1990s changing white and black Australia forever.
In the following years numerous peak Indigenous organisations were established including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) in 1990 and the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation in 1991.
The protest also arguably inspired a new generation of Indigenous leaders and created new attitudes towards the celebration of Australia Day and the realisation of what this event means for Aboriginal people.
Most importantly, the protest triggered mass public debate about these issues with Indigenous people holding a prominent part in the wider dialogue.
These debates included discussions about the very concept of Australian History and the position of Aboriginal people and their voices within it and contemporary Australian society.
Despite these modest achievements by the Hawke Government he considered the government's failure to pursue national land rights legislation in the mid-1980s as a costly mistake that he hoped to rectify during his Prime Ministership.
Prior to Keating becoming Prime Minister, in April 1991 the final report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody had been published.
Keating responded to the findings of the report by promising 250 million in funding for programs to combat the problem and called for all levels of government to support them.
At a broader scale the decision found that native title had survived the 1788 declaration of British sovereignty of Australia and that it could be claimed on vacant or unallocated Crown land (that had not been converted to freehold title).
To this end, his government moved towards giving the Mabo decision practical expression in Commonwealth law through a national legislative framework.
This would stop any uncertainty about the ruling and prevent the states from acting together to extinguish any chance of native title within their borders.
The Mabo decision and Keating's desire to enact legislation to validate and develop this decision appear to have been one of the catalysts for what became known as the Redfern Speech, delivered in Redfern Park a few weeks before the 1993 federal election.
Keating wanted to take this opportunity to acknowledge the buried truths of Australian history and the wrongs and injustices of the dispossession of land from Australia's Indigenous peoples.
Redfern appears to have been chosen as the place to give the speech due to the recognition among the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) that it was the location of a large Aboriginal population with strong views on social, political and legal change.
In this sense the decision reflected the importance of the Redfern Aboriginal community and the significant role it had played in Aboriginal resistance, activism, and self-determination movements since the 1960s/70s.
The Redfern Speech was delivered by Prime Minister Keating on 10 December 1992 at Redfern Park as part of the launch of Australia's program for the United Nations 1993 International Year of the World's Indigenous Peoples.
In accordance with Keating's goals for his Prime Ministership, this speech was aimed at laying out the foundation of a new relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians based on a need for reconciliation.
The speech was performed on a temporary stage set up in the northwest corner of Redfern Park facing rows of temporary seating set up across this section of the park.
Throughout the speech, Keating spoke frankly and honestly of the suffering and injustice the British invasion and settlement of Australia inflicted upon its Indigenous peoples and which continued into the present day through the creation of the modern Australian nation, its culture, and society.
He also spoke of the enormous contributions they had made to the formation of the modern Australian nation, particularly to the fields of exploration, war, sport, art, literature, and music.
However, he also called for historians to begin acknowledging the resistance and resilience Aboriginal people had shown throughout the invasion period (frontier war) onwards to the present day.
In the following days and weeks the speech created mass public debate on issues of Aboriginal equality, rights, and reconciliation and Indigenous views on and perspectives on Australian history.
It was the media story and sections of the speech were replayed over and over on the radio and television coverage.
Aboriginal leaders from across the country also contacted the Prime Minister's Office to express their gratitude and their belief that the speech was a good starting point on the road to reconciliation.
Following the Redfern Speech Keating's government embarked on the first ever full consultation between the Aboriginal community of Australia and the Federal Government to negotiate the details (the body of corporate and cultural law) of the Native Title Act, along with other interest groups (farmers and miners).
The Redfern Speech (or Address) is today considered to be a defining moment in the relationship between the Australian Nation (or Federal Government) and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of this land.
It marked a monumental turning point in the reconciliation process where for the first time the Federal Government publicly and officially acknowledged the dispossession of Indigenous Australians inflicted by British settlement.
Ultimately, it has resulted in the new official perspective of Australia's history which is more inclusive of an Indigenous perspective, as well as bringing reconciliation and other Aboriginal issues into the public spotlight and consciousness.
This paved the way for further steps towards reconciliation including PM Kevin Rudd's formal apology to Indigenous Australians for the past Federal Government practices and policies.
The Redfern speech is remembered as one of the great speeches of Australian history and still has meaning and impact for Australians - both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal.
In August 2010 the video of the Redfern speech was added to the National Film and Sound Archives as a sign and tribute to its significance in Australian history.
The park contained typical components of a late nineteenth century Australian municipal park: the fountain and main gates (which survive) and the now vanished urns, bandstand, kiosk and sports pavilions.
The surviving elements, and the documentary record, provides evidence of the efforts and generosity of local businessmen and aldermen, particularly John Baptist (junior) and George W. Howe, in contributing to the creation of a park as an amenity for their municipality.
The location and size of the park, the position of the entrances and the surrounding street and lane layout, reflects the subdivision of William Redfern's grant into the characteristic grid of colonial town planning.
The choice of designer, the overall layout of the park, forming an urban lung, the addition of a children's playground, and the surviving requests for use of the park by local amateur clubs, reflect attempts by Reverend Boyce and the Aldermen to introduce benefi cial fresh air, sunlight, sport and active play into the daily life of the local workforce.
Fitness has continued to be an importance aspect of the park's pattern of use, evidenced by children's holiday activities and National Fitness Camps.
Two surviving structures from the original scheme: the Baptist Fountain and the main gates show the transition from a reliance on British design and manufacturing towards an Australian identity.
The main gates are a rare surviving example of the use of Australiana in both metalwork and stonework dating from the early 1890s, which became a textbook example.
Redfern Oval became the home ground of the South Sydney Rabbitohs from the 1948 season of the NSW Rugby League competition.
In 1977 as part of a state government project to provide local employment and upgrade community facilities the earthen banks of the oval were upgraded and fencing installed around the oval.
Between 1948 and 1987 the South Sydney Rabbitohs used Redfern Oval as their home ground before moving to Sydney Football Stadium in 1988.
In 1999 when the Rabbitohs were expelled from the new 14 team NRL structure a massive march of 40,000 people was held that began at Redfern Oval and proceeded to Sydney Town Hall to protest against the decision.
Between 2007 and 2009 the City of Sydney redeveloped Redfern Oval to update its facilities to permit the Rabbitohs to resume their usage of the oval as a training ground from 2009.
As at 7 August 2018, The area which contains Redfern Park and Oval has always been a significant place for Aboriginal people.
This part of Sydney was originally a biodiverse wetland that connected to the Tank Stream and a meeting place which included a corroboree ground.
The park and oval is a physical symbol of Aboriginal cultural, political, social and sporting movements which remain as cultural touchstones to teach future generations of Australians.
Redfern, and by association, Redfern Park and Oval, is also a multicultural hub, with links to cultures worldwide from the late 19th century onwards.
Redfern Park and Oval is a place of healing, a tangible link from the past to the future and a site of exceptional significance to the people of NSW.
Redfern Park and Oval is a site of national and state historic significance for Aboriginal rights, recognition, and reconciliation through its connection with the Australia/Invasion Day 1988 Long March of Freedom, Justice, and Hope and the 1992 Redfern Speech of Prime Minister Paul Keating.
Redfern Park is a place of very high contemporary social value for Aboriginal people as a landmark site in gaining Aboriginal rights and the assembly for protests and activism.
Both the Redfern All Blacks and La Perouse United Aboriginal teams also potentially trained at Alexandria and Redfern Ovals during the early years of the Koori Knockout.
It was the original home ground of the South Sydney Rabbitohs, the oldest, and one of the original teams in the NSW Rugby Football League.
Redfern Park has aesthetic significance at the state level due to its late nineteenth century park design by Charles O'Neill that has been accentuated by botanical plantings advocated by two successive directors of the Royal Botanical Gardens: Charles Moore (director 1848-1896) and Joseph H. Maiden (director 1896-1924).
The park was tastefully and sympathetically refurbished in 2007-2009 and has been turned into an open green space in the heart of urban Redfern.
It retains a wide range of botanical species that as a group is potentially rare or uncommon in a state context.
Redfern Park was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 21 September 2018 having satisfied the following criteria.
Redfern Park and Oval is a site of national and state importance for Aboriginal rights, recognition, and reconciliation due to its connection with the Australia/Invasion Day 1988 Long March of Freedom, Justice, and Hope and the 1992 Redfern Speech of Prime Minister Paul Keating.
It was a demonstration of Aboriginal Australian's status as the original inhabitants of this land and a statement of their survival, and a protest against the deliberate omission of an indigenous perspective from Australian history.
The march drew national and international attention to the plight of Indigenous communities across the country with relation to poor health, education, and welfare outcomes and high imprisonment rates and deaths in custody.
Overall, this march was successful in putting Indigenous issues in public view, and arguably led to important gains in rights, recognition, and reconciliation in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Keating's Redfern Speech was a redefining moment in the relationship between the Australian Nation and its Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
The speech was remarkable in being delivered not in parliament to a largely European audience, but to an Aboriginal audience at Redfern - in the midst of an important urban Aboriginal community closely associated with the Aboriginal revolution in self-determination from the 1960s-1970s onwards.
This speech marked a turning point in the official interpretation of Australia's history and an accommodation of the Indigenous perspective within it by the Federal Government.
For Aboriginal Australians, Redfern Park and Oval are of high historical significance due to the landmark events that have occurred there in association with Invasion/Survival day and reconciliation.
These late twentieth century events were important stepping stones in the forward movement of indigenous rights, recognition, and reconciliation throughout the late twentieth century.
Most importantly this ground was the original home ground of the South Sydney Rabbitohs and served in this capacity from 1946 to 1988.
The Rabbitohs are one of the original founding teams of the NSW Rugby Football League and are one of the two oldest remaining clubs in the competition.
Due to the high number of Aboriginal players that have represented South Sydney and played within the Junior South Sydney Competition this ground is important in the history and evolution of Aboriginal participation in this sport.
Ultimately, this ground has always been one of the main grounds in a thriving centre for this sport in Sydney and NSW, in general cultural and social terms, but also in relation to Aboriginal participation in Rugby League.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
Redfern Oval has associative significance at a state level through its strong historical association with the South Sydney Rabbitohs, the most successful and one of the two oldest remaining teams in the National Rugby League competition.
In 2008 the Rabbitohs were recognised by the National Trust as a Community Icon held in high esteem by their supporters and the Australian public.
This esteem was demonstrated by a march of 80,000 people from Redfern to Town Hall in November 2000 protesting the expulsion of the team from the NRL.
Over its history the club has also had a proud and highly valued link to Australian Indigenous communities (through such all-Aboriginal teams as the Redfern All Blacks and La Perouse United playing in their local competitions) and the high number of Aboriginal players that have represented the side.
Redfern Oval arguably embodies much of the spirit and passion and historical significance of the club due to its long association with the team (1946-present) and the important part this oval has played in the team's history and development.
Although the upgrade of 2007-2009 removed all historic fabric from the oval, it enabled the ongoing use of the place by the Rabbitohs, and Redfern Oval is still considered to be of strong cultural and social significance for members of this club and Rugby League supporters in general.
Both the Redfern All Blacks and La Perouse United Aboriginal teams also potentially trained at Alexandria and Redfern Ovals during the early years of the Koori Knockout, of which the Redfern All Blacks were one of the founding member clubs.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
Redfern Park has aesthetic significance at a state level due to its late nineteenth century park design by Charles O'Neill that has been accentuated by botanical plantings advocated by two successive directors of the Royal Botanical Gardens: Charles Moore (director 1848-1896) and Joseph H. Maiden (director 1896-1924).
The park was tastefully and sympathetically refurbished in 2007-2009 and has been turned into a beautiful open green (verdant) space in the heart of urban Redfern.
It retains a wide range of botanical species that as a group is potentially rare or uncommon in a state context and demonstrates a richness of palate and unusually survivability in this context.
The extant mature plantings are of aesthetic and botanical interest due to their layout and design and the wide range of specimen plantings including the use of rare Australian rainforest species (figs) and exotic palms.
The perimeter of mature deciduous figs, which surrounds the park, and which has been accentuated by new plantings around the oval, is of particular aesthetic significance for the rainforest feel or character it brings to this urban environment (and the surrounding streetscape).
The avenue of mature exotic palms is also of aesthetic significance for the spectacular view it creates across the centre of the park and the tropical silhouette (or profile) the present from either side.
Ultimately, the park presents a wonderful balance of the old and the new with the restored historic fabric/memorials and original Victorian era design being sympathetically accentuated by new Aboriginally themed art installations and spaces, as well as sporting facilities and children's playgrounds.
This design and work resulted in the park being awarded a prestigious Green Flag Award in 2014 which recognised it as one of the top parks internationally.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Redfern Park has social significance for the people of NSW and Australia as a place that can be (and is) effectively used to communicate and teach aspects of civics and citizenship, reconciliation and migration that are important to modern Australian values, tradition, and nationhood.
Redfern Park is a place of very high contemporary social value for Aboriginal people as a landmark site in gaining Aboriginal rights and the assembly for protests and activism.
Redfern Oval has social significance to the Aboriginal people of NSW due to the strong emotive and historic connection it has with the Redfern Aboriginal community, the Redfern All Blacks and the development of Aboriginal participation and support for Rugby League.
Redfern Park and Oval was, and continues to be a central meeting place for the Aboriginal community of Redfern and beyond as a place not only for activism and sporting events but a place for socialising and family connection.
Software Sudheer is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by P Rajasekhar Reddy and produced by K Sekhar Raju under Sekhara Art Creations banner.
Lord of Casa Lazcano () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1780 by Charles III to Joaquín de Arteaga y Lazcano, descendant of the fiefdom of the Lords of Lazcano originally created in 1330 by Alfonso XI.
Alpine skiing at the 1997 Winter Universiade was held at the Muju Resort in Muju, South Korea from January 26 to February 2, 1997.
The 1983–84 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 84th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Mistakes Girls Do, also stylized as Mistakes Gals Do, is a Ugandan drama television series created and produced by Richard Mulindwa.
The series which had been running as a web series since its release in 2017 was picked up by Pearl Magic network when it started operating in 2018.
The series is about the lives of young women, the mistakes they make in their lives, the consequences they face and the lessons they learn.
In the 1920s he served as an expert on the commissions to prepare the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan to manage German reparations to the Allies after World War I.
As the champions of Cameroon, the team made its debut on the African stage when it played in the 2016 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup.
This movie was featured on Nowness and won several awards including, the Canal + award at the Clermont Ferrand Film Festival and the Best Documentary at the London Independent Film Festival.
It does not include professorships, fellowships or student awards other than awards to students who have made an original contribution to an academic field.
The country of the institution granting the award is given, but many awards are open to people from around the world.
His brother, Richard, was also a first-class cricketer, while his sister, Margaret, married the cricketer Elgar Pagden; through this marriage he is a distant relation to the South African anti-apartheid activist Molly Blackburn.
A member of the underground Union of Armed Struggle, Świerczyna was arrested in Krakow on June 14, 1940 and taken to Auschwitz on July 18, 1940.
After the escape attempt was betrayed, Świerczyna did not succeed in committing suicide, and was hanged on 30 December 1944, in the last execution held in the Auschwitz men's camp.
Announced on December 28, 2019, at the D-Oh Grand Prix 2020 final event, the DDT Universal Championship was created as part of DDT's plans to expand internationally and reach a larger audience.
The first champion is to be crowned on February 23, 2020, at the DDT Into The Fight 2020 event at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.
The men's +90 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place on 10 September at the Palazzetto dello Sport.
Lord of Casa Rubianes () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1761 by Charles III to Rodrigo Antonio de Mendoza y Caamaño, descendant of the original Lords of Rubianes.
Math-Tinik (stylized as MATH-Tinik) is a Filipino educational children's television series produced by the E-Media program of the ABS-CBN Foundation (now the ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation) and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS; now the Department of Education).
Ski jumping at the 1997 Winter Universiade was held at the Jumping Park in Muju Resort in Muju, South Korea from January 26 to February 2, 1997.
The Destined One (), is a reality dating show, for each episode, four local celebrities are invited to play matchmaker and a group of 10 men and women will attempt to find the right match.
The remaining six men or women stand at the podium to award points (1 to 10) to all the fated persons based on star matchmakers' recommendations and interactions with the fated persons.
There is a total of 5 rounds, at each round, one fated person with the lowest point will be eliminated from the round.
In the 2nd round, it is a question and answers round between the fated persons and the participants at the podium.
In the 4th round, the last fated person will ask the participants at the podium some questions before finalizing the choice.
In the 5th round, the fated person will have the chance to choose and confess to his/her ideal match chosen from the podium.
It was alleged that one of the lady participants was already attached during the show and was successfully matched to a restaurant owner.
This raise question on the selection of the participants and the show might go against what it set out to achieve.
After 6 goals in 43 appearances for the club in two years he transferred to AC Milan, where he made a further two appearances.
He then spent time with Torino and Padova before returning to AC Milanin 1953, where he scored 8 goals in 28 appearances over the next two years.
The Canadian team of Dan Halldorson and Jim Nelford won by three strokes over the Scotland team of Sandy Lyle and Steve Martin.
Jean Garaïalde and Bernhard Pascassio, France, were both disqualified in the third round for signing incorrect scorecards after having tapped down spike marks without recording penalty strokes.
Captain Clive Okoth is a Ugandan airline pilot, who serves as a captain at Uganda National Airlines Company, Uganda's national carrier airline, on the CRJ 900 aircraft, effective April 2019.
After early education in Ugandan schools, he went on to train at the East African Civil Aviation Academy in Soroti, in the Eastern Region of Uganda.
When Air Uganda folded in 2014, he moved on to Arik Air Limited, based at Lagos International Airport, in Lagos State, Nigeria.
He is one of the flight crew who piloted the two maiden aircraft from Mirabel, Quebec, Canada, to Entebbe, Uganda, in April 2019.
As of December 2019, Okoth had piloted the CRJ 200, the MD 87, the CRJ 900 and the CRJ 1000 aircraft.
The 1982–83 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 83rd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Brazilian.
Vaginularia is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
The Frank G. Edwards House is a historic residential building at 1366 Guerrero Street in the Noe Valley section of San Francisco, California.
Qibi Heli () (died 677), formally Duke of Liangguo (凉国公) was a prominent Turkic general in early Tang dynasty and a companion of Taizong of Tang.
Qibi Heli was born to a Tiele tribe called Qibi, he was son of Qibi Ge (契苾葛), who was a younger brother of Yiwuzhenmohe Qaghan (易勿真莫賀可汗).
In 632, he led his tribe to submit Tang in Hexi, himself going to Chang'an while his mother Lady Feng and brother Qibi Shamen (契苾沙門) left behind to handle tribal affairs.He was created a general and was stationed in Liangzhou.
He participated in Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tuyuhun in 634-635, in one occasion saving lives of generals Xue Wanjun (薛萬均) and his brother Xue Wanche (薛萬徹) besides capturing Murong Fuyun's wife and children.
Where he spoke against him and proclaimed allegiance to Taizong, even cut of his ear.Taizong in turn offered a Tang princess to bribe Zhenzhu to ransom Heli.
Taizong himself tended to the injuries of the Tujue Generals Qibi Heli and Ashina Simo, who were both wounded during the Siege of Ansi.
He participated in second Goguryeo-Tang War, defeated a Goguryeo army at the Yalu River and was instrumental on siege of Pyongyang in 668.
In 676, when the Tibetan Empire attacked Tang's western prefectures, Tang prince Li Xiǎn and his younger brother Li Lun, the Prince of Xiang, were nominally put in charge of the two armies that were actually commanded by the generals Liu Shenli (劉審禮) and Qibi Heli (契苾何力), but neither Li Xiǎn nor Li Lun actually set out with the troops.
From 1999 to 2004 she worked as art director for the HL-Studios in Erlangen, from 2004 to 2010 she was an editor for ARD in Munich.
She is a member of the working groups on university education, media and digitalisation, women and culture of the Bavarian Greens.
From 2010 to 2012 she was leader of the greens in Middle Franconia, from 2012 to 2018 of the Nuremberg Greens.
At the 2013 Bavarian state election Osgyan stood as candidate in West-Nuremberg and was the green top candidate in Middle Franconia.
Corsbie Castle is a ruined 16th-century tower house, about west of Gordon, Scottish Borders, Scotland, and north of the Eden Water.
The surviving monument represents the remains of a 16th-century tower house, which property belonged to the Cranstons until the middle of the 17th century.
It is constructed on a raised piece of ground, and is surrounded by a bog on all sides, the only access being by way of a causeway from the north.
There are remains of the earthworks, comprising the inner and outer banks of a medial ditch; these are best preserved towards the south west of the structure.
After leaving Cambridge, Brandt was ordained in the Church of England and served as the canon of St Paul's, Bedford from 1852–54.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 13 runs in Manchester's first-innings by John Berry, while in their second-innings he was dismissed 7 runs by E. B. Kaye.
He was a priest at Ely in 1854, before serving as the rector of Burrough on the Hill, Leicestershire from 1855–73 and from 1873–83, he was the vicar of Elworth, Cheshire.
According to Emory University professor Deborah Lipstadt, Jews across Europe feel that they to hide their Jewishness in order to be safe.
In response to the rise in antisemitism, and in the wake of antisemitic 2014 Sarcelles riots riots in a Jewish neighborhood of Paris and the Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege shootings in 2015, large numbers of French Jews emigrated to Israel, the United States, and Canada.
According to David Nirenberg, Hungary is experiencing a significant rise in anisemitism, even though the country has only a small Jewish community.
The men's 56 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 11 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
Spohrer was working as the producer of The Story with Dick Gordon, when the show was cancelled in 2013.This led Sphrer and two colleagues, Phoebe Judge and Eric Mennel, to create their own podcast.
Spohrer proposed to Judge that they create a podcast related to true crime, and they released the first episode of Criminal in January 2014.
In round 2, five sections of the winning team play each other exactly the same way as in round 1, with only one of them proceeding to the next round.
The first to do so leaves the game with the money and is replaced by an audience member selected by the Random Remote of Doom.
The first to buzz in and gives the correct answer wins, otherwise the opponent has to pick from two remaining choices to advance.
This round works the same as in the first temptation round, except that a car (valued at 50,000 DM) is offered, and if both contestants decides not to walk away, then 10,000 DM will be added to the offer.
If there already have seven choices and no contestants decide to answer, then wrong choices will be disappeared one by one.
All 1,000 contestants lock in the choice via keypads, and after the right answers are revealed, five contestants who answered the question correctly in the fastest time are called up onstage to play round 2.
Each contestant is given five multiple-choice questions, each with five choices, and must answers them for a time limit of 5 minutes.
The round works similar as in the second temptation round in the first format, except that if one of the three players decided to walk away, then the player who is in fourth place would go on.
In the sixth episode, five finalists from previous shows were invited to the show again and tried to receive another chance to win 10 million DM, with rules of the second format apply.
In the first two episodes (aired on April 30 and May 7, 2000), the two finalists were Uwe from Sankt Goar and Roy from Bremerhaven, who won 10,000 DM and 100,000 DM respectively.
Under the second format, Andreas Voß became the finalist in the third episode (broadcast on October 1, 2000) after the controversial semi-final round, where Francis Gröning lost due to some technical problems.
Cloud State Huskies men's ice hockey season was the 85th season of play for the program, the 23rd at the Division I level and the 7th in the NCHC conference.
She moved to Britain at the age of six and attended several boarding schools before completing her sixth form schooling at North London Collegiate School in Canons, Middlesex.
A poet and short story writer who performed internationally, her early work was published in Bum Rush The Page and The Callaloo Literary Magazine.
Andrea Pellegrino and Mario Vilella Martínez won the title after defeating Luca Margaroli and Andrea Vavassori 7–6, 3–6, [12–10] in the final.
Yiwuzhenmohe Qaghan () or Yiwuzhen Bagha Qaghan (Personal name: Qibi Geleng, ) was a tribal chief of Qibi tribe who ruled briefly over Turkic tribes of Xueyantuo, Tiele and Huige.
Later, after Western Tujue's Shekui Khan (r. 611-619) came to power, it was said that the Tiele again submitted to Western Tujue rule and that both Geleng and Yishibo renounced their khan titles as part of the submission.
The Xueyantuo would not have another khan until Yishibo's grandson Yi'nan, then a vassal of the Eastern Tujue, rebelled against Eastern Tujue and was created the Zhenzhu Khan by Emperor Taizong of Tang.
Lord of Higuera de Vargas () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1390 by John I to Alonso Fernández de Vargas.
Robert Galloway and Hans Hach Verdugo won the title after defeating Nicolás Barrientos and Alejandro Gómez 4–6, 6–4, [10–8] in the final.
The chapel was burned down after a great storm in January 1839: a new chapel was built on the site, designed by Frederick Darley and opened in December 1840.
In 1794, the Lock Penitentiary was opened by Mr. Walker: it housed females leaving Lock Hospital: as a result, it was sometimes called Locks Chapel.
The penitentiary or asylum was funded by benefactors and by church collections; also its inmates made a living washing and mangling clothes.
Founder of Methodism, John Wesley preached at the Chapel on a number of occasions in April 1787, during his tour of Ireland.
Following the death of William Smyth, the control of the Chapel was passed in 1794 to a board of five trustees, all members of the clergy.
Edward Smyth (Brother of founder William Smyth, who was a friend of John Wesley and perceived as a Methodist though he had been expelled from his position in Ballycutter in the Derry Diocese), Rev.
Benjamin Williams Mathias (pastor from 1805 until 1835), John Gregg (future Bishop of Cork; chaplain from 1835 until 1839), the noted preacher Rev.
It got a major facelift in the 1960s and in 1981 it closed as a cinema and became the National Waxworks museum, owned by former TD and Senator Donie Cassidy.
Muzammil Akhtar Shabbir (born 14 January 1969) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 26 November 2016.
He has illustrated books by numerous Dutch and Belgian authors, including Carli Biessels, Bette Westera, Hilde Vandermeeren and Jaap ter Haar.
The team was founded in 2019 and plays in the K4 League, a semi-professional league and the fourth tier of football in South Korea.
Francis Dzierozynski (born Franciszek Dzierożyński; January 3, 1779 – September 22, 1850) was a Polish Catholic priest and Jesuit who became a prominent missionary to the United States.
Born in the town of Orsza, in Poland (modern-day Belarus), he entered the Society of Jesus and was ordained a priest in 1806.
He taught and studied in Połock and Mogilev until leading students in an escape from the French invasion of Russia in 1812.
In 1823, he was appointed the superior of the Maryland Mission, with jurisdiction over all the Jesuits in the United States.
As superior, he reconciled the Society of Jesus and the Corporation of Roman Catholic Clergymen, a holdover from the period of suppression of the Jesuits that owned most of the American Jesuits' property, and oversaw the transition of Saint Louis College into a Jesuit institution.
He also was involved in significant disputes with the American bishops, especially Ambrose Maréchal, with whom his quarrel over the ownership of valuable lands in White Marsh, Maryland endured for many years and involved such prominent figures as John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Roger Taney, Luigi Fortis, and Pope Pius VII.
His term as superior of the mission came to an end in 1830, and Dzierozynski took up other prominent positions in the Maryland Mission.
He again became leader of the newly elevated Maryland Province in 1839, but his old age and continuing conflicts with bishops and the Superior General resulted in an unsuccessful administration of the province.
His term came to an end in 1843, and he spent his final years at the novitiate in Frederick, Maryland, where he died.
Franciszek Dzierożyński was born on January 3, 1779, in Orsza, in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (located in modern-day Belarus).
He enrolled at the Jesuit Collegium in Orsza, before entering the Society of Jesus in 1794, at the age of fifteen, at novitiate in Połock.
He studied at the novitiate until 1809, but was ordained a priest there in 1806, after studying theology for only one year, due to an insufficient number of priests.
He then studied philosophy during his scholastic years, during which he was assigned to teach French, physics, music, and grammar at the in Saint Petersburg.
Upon the completion of his education, he continued teaching philosophy and mathematics at the Jesuit in Mogilev, where he also engaged in pastoral work.
He led a covert escape from the French invasion of 1812, and later returned to the city, resuming his position as a professor of dogmatic theology, apologetics, and homiletics.
When Czar Alexander I expelled the Jesuits from the Russian Empire in 1820, Dzierozynski left for Italy, where he began teaching in Bologna.
He then went to Rome, where he received orders from the Jesuit Superior General, Luigi Fortis, to became a missionary and revive the Society of Jesus in the United States following its worldwide suppression.
Departing with Angelo Secchi from Livorno, the journey took five months, three of which spent spent at sea, crossing the Atlantic, and the voyage encountered many perilous storms, before arriving in Philadelphia on November 7, 1821.
He was met with a community of Jesuits who lived as planters and were highly suspicious of European Jesuits who sought to modify their lifestyle and pastoral approach.
The president of Georgetown College, Benedict Joseph Fenwick, wrote to Fortis, requesting that Dzierozynski's power not be increased; meanwhile, the European-born missionary, John W. Beschter, supported Dzierozynski's attempted reform of the American Jesuits.
At Georgetown, he began learning English, and sought to gain the trust of the young Jesuits by teaching them philosophy in Latin.
In April 1823, Dzierozynsi was appointed by the Jesuit Superior General, Luigi Fortis, to succeed Charles Neale as superior of the Jesuit Mission in Maryland.
As superior, Dzierozynski's jurisdiction extended over 95 Jesuits spread from Maryland to New England and as far west as the Mississippi and Missouri River Valleys.
The mission's Maryland plantations were barely breaking even, the novitiate had been effectively closed, and one of its largest institutions, Georgetown College, had a dwindling student body.
As ordered by Fortis, he also addressed a fractured administration of the mission, which was divided between the Society of Jesus itself and the Corporation of Roman Catholic Clergymen, which was established to hold and administer the Jesuits' property during suppression.
In May 1825, the Corporation was reluctantly brought under control of the Society (but continued to exist as a legal entity).
In 1827, he accepted the invitation of the Bishop of Louisiana and the Two Floridas, Louis Dubourg, to transfer responsibility for Saint Louis College from the diocese to the Jesuits.
After visiting the college in Missouri in 1827, he sought permission from the superiors in Rome, who approved the transfer in 1829.
When the Superior General ordered the Washington Seminary closed, Dzierozynski allowed all the students to transfer to Georgetown free of charge.
He conflicted with the Archbishop of Baltimore, Ambrose Maréchal, over his authority to transfer Jesuit priests among Jesuit parishes in the diocese, a special privilege that had been the right of Jesuit superiors around the world prior to suppression.
Maréchal maintained that he could veto any transfer; Fortis concurred, advising Dzierozynski that the papal edict restoring the Jesuits did not include the authority of Jesuit superiors to unilaterally transfer priests within dioceses.
He was relieved of his office in November 1830, when Peter Kenney arrived as an apostolic visitor to investigate the possibility of elevating the Maryland mission to the full status of a province.
Fortis appointed Dzierozynski on the belief that a non-American superior would be best suited to resolve a dispute between the Jesuits and Ambrose Maréchal stemming from disputed terms of an agreement made during the suppression of the Society of Jesus, over ownership of substantial lands in Maryland, especially in White Marsh.
Maréchal argued that the properties that the Corporation of Roman Catholic Clergymen were gifted were given for the benefit of the whole church, not just the Jesuits; he also claimed a right to an allowance that the Jesuits had paid to his two predecessors, who were Jesuits (while Maréchal was a Sulpician).
Maréchal sailed to Rome and obtained a brief from Pope Pius VII in 1822, ordering that the Jesuits transfer the property and slaves thereon to the archbishop.
The American Jesuits resisted this proclamation, viewing it as foreign interference with their affairs, conducted by a legally separate entity (the Corporation of Roman Catholic Clergymen), and Luigi Fortis debated the issue before the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith from 1823 to 1826.
Meanwhile, William Matthews obtained the support of the U.S. Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, on behalf of the Jesuits, and Dzierozynski enlisted Adams' successor, Henry Clay, to warn Maréchal against foreign interference.
The Undersecretary of State, George Ironside, formally notified Maréchal that the President of the United States would not permit a foreign head of state (the pope) to circumvent the American judicial system in resolving a property dispute.
A compromise was reached in 1826 among the cardinals in Rome, whereby Maréchal would receive a monthly stipend for life from the Jesuit Superior General, and the Jesuits would maintain ownership of the White Marsh plantation.
The superiors in Rome decided in favor of the archbishop, and directed a final lump payment to be made to Whitfield's successor, Samuel Eccleston.
After his term as mission superior, Dzierozynski remained active in the Maryland Mission and later Maryland Province, which was elevated in 1833.
He remained master of novices at Georgetown until 1831, and resumed the position in 1834, at the relocated novitiate in Frederick.
In addition to his educational duties, Dzierozynski was spiritual director and retreat director for Jesuits, religious sisters, and female students at Georgetown Visitation Academy and the Visitation Academy of Frederick.
Benedict Joseph Fenwick, now the Bishop of Boston, invited him to attend the Second Provincial Council of Baltimore in 1833, but he did not.
William McSherry, the provincial superior of the Maryland Province, died in 1839, just six months after being appointed to the office.
Though Dzierozynski effectively acted in the capacity of a provincial superior, Jan Roothaan declined to elevate him to indicate that the province was on probation for previous scandals.
The combination of his old age and the fact that he had fallen ill several days prior to his appointment resulted in a reclusive provincial who left Frederick, Maryland only after being ordered by Roothaan.
Likewise, Roothaan admonished him for allowing such behavior among the Jesuits as excessive imbibing of alcohol, celebration of national holidays, and other customs that the European Jesuits did not allow.
Dzierozynski was reluctant to open a new Jesuit college within his jurisdiction, but Fenwick's persistence combined with Roothaan's approval resulted in the opening of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1843.
Dzierozynski returned to the role of master of novices, but after three years, his health further deteriorated and his disagreements with Roothaan mounted, resulting in the end of his tenure.
In accordance with his request, Dzierzynski's body was carried in front of the Visitation Convent in Frederick, where the cloistered nuns mourned it, before being removed for burial.
In 1985, Mamadou Karambiri, general manager in a company, started a prayer group with his family which reached 500 people in 1987.
In 2020, a 12,000-seat temple, the Church of the Nations/Bethel Israel Tabernacle, was inaugurated in Ouagadougou and the denomination had 600 churches worldwide.
The Iona Gaels Men's Soccer Team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Iona College in New Rochelle, New York, United States.
The team is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I.
Another common use case is open data portals for sharing data in some field of research for the benefit of other researchers.
A 2012 paper reported that government organizations which set up open data portals often find it challenging to predict what sorts of users will want the data and how they will use it.
In the European Union there is a central open data portal which connects anyone to the regional and subject specific data portals for various matters of government.
The question of the existence of original Old Bulgarian historiography from the time of the First Bulgarian State and the Second Bulgarian State is one of the most complex unresolved issues in Medieval studies.
Bulgaria and the Bulgarians are widely attested in medieval chronicles and writings, but their thematic independent history is absent until the 17th century.
From 1667 dates the first independent Bulgarian history of Petar Bogdan, which is entitled „About the antiquity of the father land and the Bulgarian affairs”.
It was not until the next 18th century that the Enlightenment and the Bulgarian Renaissance was composed of the so-called „Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya”, which played a huge role and was of fundamental importance for Bulgarian historiography.
The main credit for this is due to two authors - Spiridon Palauzov with his „Century of the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon”, ie.
In June 2017 he was promoted to the main-team squad of FC Dnipro and made his debut for this team in the Ukrainian Second League.
She then completed her training in Switzerland at the Vevey Professional Education Center, then returned to the CFP in Bamako where she became a technical assistant from 2007 to 2009.
Her studies gave her the opportunity to improve her skills in black and white, silver photography and to participate in many workshops in Mali as well as abroad.
Lord of Meirás () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1975 by Juan Carlos I to Carmen Polo y Martínez-Valdés, First Lady of Spain between 1939 and 1975 and wife of Francisco Franco.
He is a founding member of Plurality University (Paris), a Future of India Fellow, and The Seasteading Institute Ambassador to India.
The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act of 2019, , was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019 as part of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (2020 United States federal budget).
The SECURE Act changed the most popular retirement plans used in the United States and was the first major retirement-related legislation enacted since the 2006 Pension Protection Act.
Richard Neal, the U.S. Representative for and chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, introduced the SECURE Act as on March 29, 2019.
The bipartisan bill was co-introduced by Ranking Member Kevin Brady (R-TX) as well as Reps. Ron Kind (D-WI) and Mike Kelly (R-PA).
It passed the House Ways and Means Committee on April 2, 2019 and passed the full House on May 23, 2019 by a vote of 417–3.
In the Senate, a companion bill called the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act (RESA, ) was introduced by Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), chairman of the Senate Finance Committee.
The SECURE Act, as part of the spending bill, was passed by the House on December 17, 2019 by a vote of 297–120 and by the Senate on December 19, 2019 by a vote of 71–23.
To that end, it contains a number of provisions to incentivize retirement planning, diversify the options available to savers, and increase access to tax-advantaged savings programs.
One provision allows unrelated small employers to join together to establish a shared 401(k) plan known as a Multiple Employer Plan (MEP).
MEPs existed prior to the SECURE Act, but under the previous law they were required to be related in some way (e.g.
The law also shields employers who join a Multiple Employer Plan from liability for potential misconduct perpetrated by other employers who are in the same plan.
In addition, the federal tax credit for defraying plan startup costs is increased from $500 to up to $5,000, and provides an additional $500 tax credit for plans that automatically enroll new hires.
Employers who offer annuities as part of their defined-contribution retirement plans are shielded from liability under a new safe-harbor provision even if the insurance company selling the annuity commits fraud or collapses, as long as they meet specific regulatory requirements.
Participants in 401(k) and other defined-contribution plans (including traditional IRAs) can delay taking required minimum distributions until they reach the age of 72, an increase from the current age of 70.5.
The SECURE Act also permits graduate students to treat stipends and non-tuition fellowship payments as compensation for the purposes of contributing to IRAs.
Under the SECURE Act, parents can withdraw up to $5,000 from their individual 401(k) or similar workplace retirement savings plans for each new child without incurring the 10% additional penalty tax for taking an early distribution.
Employees who purchase an annuity in their 401(k) can move their annuity to another 401(k) plan at a different employer or to an IRA without paying surrender charges or other penalty fees.
The SECURE Act allows people saving money in a tax-advantaged 529 plan to use up to $10,000 to pay off student loans.
The SECURE Act partly revises the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), repealing provisions that increased taxes on the benefits received by family members of deceased United States military veterans.
This provision shortens the time period in which tax-advantaged accounts can grow and will increase the taxable income of beneficiaries during that ten-year period, generating tax revenue to fund the cost of the law.
The SECURE Act received support from a variety of special interest and consumer advocacy groups, including the Society for Human Resource Management and the AARP.
The CEO of AARP, Jo Ann Jenkins, praised the bill, citing provisions that she claimed would reduce poverty risk among retirees and improve the nation's financial security.
It also received support from financial advisory firms such as Northwestern Mutual and T. Rowe Price, who praised the bill for expanding options for retirement saving and for making it easier for workers to participate in employer savings plans.
David Moon, a columnist with the Knoxville News Sentinel, criticized the provision because it prohibited employees from suing employers if the 401k provider went out of business or defrauded the employees, and stated that it improperly exposed the least sophisticated investors to the most expensive and complex financial products.
Advocates of the so-called stretch IRAs have also criticized the provision that required beneficiaries of inherited IRAs to draw down (and pay taxes on) those inherited IRAs within 10 years.
Ed Slott, a leading financial planner and IRA specialist, wrote that the provision would not generate as much revenue as Congress hoped.
He also argued that eliminating stretch IRAs would encourage people to withdraw money from IRAs and into more lucrative tax-free investment vehicles such as life insurance.
The Joint Congressional Committee on Taxation released a report suggesting that the SECURE Act's impact on retirement savings would be relatively modest.
Aron Szapiro, a policy research director at Morningstar, argued that the types of tax incentives used by the SECURE Act to encourage retirement savings would not motivate major changes in savings rate.
An analyst from the Brookings Institution noted as well that the provisions for multiple-employer plans, while significant, would not have a major impact on small employers.
He started his career in the Krasnoyarsk division of StahlKonstruktsiya, part of the Soviet Ministry of Assembly and Special Construction Works.
In 1987, he began working for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, on a district committee in Angarsk and, by 1991, rose to the First Secretary of the local party administration.
He made a second run for Governor against Govorin in 2001, taking 23.9% to advance to the runoff election where he was defeated.
In 2015, he made a third run for the post of governor, this time taking on Sergey Eroschenko, who was acting Governor at the time.
In 2019, he resigned as governor according to a press release although news sources such as the BBC reported that he was dismissed.
However, there had been speculation in the press about his possible dismissal since devastating floods affected Irkutsk Oblast in the summer of 2019.
In addition to his flood response, the Irkutsk prosecutor opened an investigation on an illegal bear hunt in which the governor allegedly participated.
Sab Kushal Mangal is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Karan Vishwanath Kashyap starring Akshaye Khanna, two newcomers Priyank Sharma and Riva Kishan.
It will be the nation's eighteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics, with the exception of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Sri Lanka entered one jumping rider into the Olympic competition by finishing in the top two, outside the group selection, of the individual FEI Olympic Rankings for Group G (South East Asia and Oceania), marking the country's debut in the sport.
Daniel Lloyd who is predominantly known for his roles in Nollywood movies is a Nigerian talent manager and actor who once managed the Nigerian artist named Timaya and is one of the few Nigerian actors to feature in Bollywood movie productions.
Lloyd is from the Ijaw tribe in Bayelsa State which is a south-south geographical area of Nigeria occupied predominantly by the minority tribes in Nigeria as well as the Igbo people.
Lloyd although hailing from south-south Nigeria was born in Lagos State which is south-west Nigeria and attended university in Enugu State which is south-east Nigeria.
Lloyd is one of the first Nigerian actors to feature in the Indian movie industry commonly known as Bollywood in a movie titled J.U.D.E where he played the role of a character named Jude.
In some reputable print media houses within Nigeria he is reported to be the first Nigerian actor to appear in an Indian movie whilst others report this to be arguable.
Lloyd’s father was an engineer who worked for Shell oil company in Nigeria and encouraged Llyod to become an engineer as well and was upset with Llyod for abandoning his engineering career for acting after obtaining a degree in civil engineering.
In the early 1960s Wolf worked with Charles Bisson and Woody Bledsoe at Panoramic Research on teaching computers to recognise human faces (so-called automated facial recognition).
Early computer programs used humans to coordinate a set of features from images of faces and then a computer for the recognition.
Here she worked on Shakey the robot, the world's first mobile autonomous robot, which was honoured by an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Milestone in 2017.
Among his many professional organization memberships, Greene was elected President of the American Vacuum Society in 1989 and has served as both a Trustee and member of that organization's Board of Directors for multiple terms beginning in 1983.
In 1971, Greene was hired by the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Department of Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy and Mining as an assistant professor, and was promoted to full professor in 1979.
From 1999 until 2004 he was the director of the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and the Center for Microanalysis of Materials.
This led to years of collaborative and highly productive research with Swedish colleagues that eventually earned Greene the position of Tage Erlander Professor of Materials Physics at Linköping University from 1994 to the present.
Over the course of his career, Greene has supervised over seventy Ph.D. students at the three universities where he has held professorships, as well as hosting over 100 visiting scientists and post-doctoral researchers.
Greene and his research team conducted the first systematic study of the effects of the ion/metal flux ratio and ion energy on microstructure evolution in hard coatings.
He is a mountaineering enthusiast and volunteers as a search and rescue ranger at the Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.
The 2020 WK League season was the 12th season of the WK League, the top division of women's football in South Korea.
The total number of foreign players was restricted to three per club, including a slot for a player from AFC countries.
The Patient Assassin, A True Tale of Massacre, Revenge and the Raj (2019) is a book based on the life of Indian revolutionary Udham Singh, authored by Anita Anand and published by Simon and Schuster (Scribner) in April 2019, to coincide with the one hundredth year anniversary of the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, in Amritsar, India.
The book is divided into two parts, covering 25 chapters, with a preceding preface and a list of illustrations, endnotes and bibliography at the end.
Anand's research involved a number of archives, as well as interviews with people who knew Udham Singh, including Lord Indarjit Singh.
Udham Singh's arrest, trial and hanging are described, much of which has been based on Anand's use of documents released under the Freedom of Information Act.
The book begins with an account of 2013, when the UK's then prime-minister David Cameron visited the Jallianwala Bagh memorial, in Amritsar, India.
In April 1919, Brigadier General Reginald Dyer's troops fired 1 650 rounds at an unarmed crowd, in what came to be known as the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre.
Part one has nine chapters and includes details of both Sir Michael O'Dwyer's and Brigadier General Reginald Dyer's lives, before giving the background and account of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Anand traces his life from his childhood in Punjab, and then his travels through Germany, Russia, Mexico, California, and ultimately London.
Chaudhry Abdul Aziz (born 9 September 1971) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 26 November 2016.
Edward W. Ryan (December 14, 1883 – September 18, 1923) was an American physician and Red Cross official, who devoted most of his life to combating epidemics worldwide.
While heading the American Red Cross mission in Belgrade in 1914–1916, he successfully fought an outbreak of typhus that killed thousands.
He later helped containing similar epidemics in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia in 1919–1922, and was awarded the Cross of Liberty in Estonia in 1920.
He stayed with ad and news agencies until 1908, when he moved to New York to study medicine at Fordham University.
While moving around Mexico, he was captured and imprisoned in Torreón by rebels, who declared him a spy and ordered his execution.
In August 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I, Ryan moved to Europe, arriving in Belgrade in September 1914.
Later in March 1915, he united major Serbian hospitals to fight the outbreak of typhus, which killed thousands, but was eventually contained.
While he was traveling through Budapest, a suitcase with his war souvenir, an unexploded artillery shell, fell and exploded, damaging the Budapest train station.
In November 1918, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and sent to Berlin as a deputy head of the American Red Cross mission in Germany.
From 1919 to 1922 he moved around Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, bringing medical supplies, establishing Red Cross offices, and fighting new outbreaks of the typhus.
Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited () (), shortly Sino Biopharm, is a civilian-run enterprise principally engaged in the medicine products business in Mainland China.
Being a member of Charoen Pokphand Group and headquartered in Hong Kong and Beijing, Sino Biopharm is engaged in researching, developing, producing, and selling biopharmaceutical products for the medical treatment of ophthalmia, as well as modernized Chinese medicine and chemical medicine for the treatment of hepatitis through its subsidiaries.
Sino Biopharm is also involved in other minor businesses through its subsidiaries, such as properties, health food, optical glass, optical and auditory products.
Nazario Sauro was the lead ship of her class of four destroyers built for the (Royal Italian Navy) in the 1920s.
Season 1890–91 was the eighteenth Scottish football season in which Kilmarnock competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup.
Born in Berlin, Münnich studied musicology, Germanistic and philosophy at the Humboldt University of Berlin and gained his doctorate in 1902 with a dissertation about Johann Kuhnau's life.
From 1904 to 1908 he taught music history at the Hugo Riemann Conservatory in Berlin, then piano from 1908, music theory and ear training at the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory there.
At the suggestion of Georg Rolle, Münnich also took up a position as a singing and music teacher at a Berlin secondary school in 1908, where he was permanently employed from 1913 to 1934 and increasingly gained influence in the field of music education.
As one of the first student councilors for music in 1924, he became a member of the examination offices a year later and in 1927 he was the director of the first specialist seminar for school music trainees.
In 1934 Münnich, who had also worked at the Berlin Academy for Church and School Music from 1929 to 1933, retired and moved to Naumburg.
In 1935 he was appointed professor of musicology at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt, Weimar, where he also became director of the Institute for School Music three years later (until 1947).
Since Münnich kept silent about his National Socialist German Workers' Party membership (since 1932, before that since 1919 DVP), he retained his position after the war and even took over as head of the musicology department from early 1948 to mid-1949.
In the 1950s and 1960s, through his students Albrecht Krauß (1914-1989) and Helmut Großmann (1914-2001), he became an absolute role model for Weimar school music.
Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in Manchester's first-innings by Henry Wright, while in their second-innings he was run out for 14.
Ahmed Mohammed Saleh Amien commonly known as Ahmed Saleh (born 23 January 2001) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Prince Mohammad bin Salman League side Ohod.
Lord of Sonseca () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, granted in 1650 by Philip IV to Duarte Fernández de Acosta.
This is a list of the number-one hits of 2020 on Italy's Singles and Albums Charts, ranked by the Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana (FIMI).
Ali Al-Salem (; born 2 May 1997) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a Defender for Pro League club Al-Adalah.
Al-Salem helped Al-Adalah reach the Pro League, the top tier of Saudi football, for the first time in the club's history.
He was the son of Ignacy Czesław Łempicki, General of Poland's Crown Army, and Marianna Hiż; grandson of Jan Wilhelm Hiż, a colonel of the Crown Guard; nephew of Jan August Hiż, Major General of the Kingdom of Poland; and cousin of Jan Hiż.
Most likely, in 1789 he went to Vienna together with the former Vice-Commandant of the Corps of Cadets Franciszek Woyna (who took the diplomatic mission in Vienna at the time) as his secretary.
During the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, the Viennese office he directed sent the largest number of reports to the Foreign Interest Department of the Supreme National Council.
After the fall of the uprising, Łempicki remained at the disposal of the king Stanisław August, who in February 1795 called him to return to the country.
It was not until November 25, 1795, that Stanisław August sent him almost a thousand ducats along with a circular letter, finally liquidating the Polish foreign service.
Łempicki settled in Galicia, where he was the heir to Poraż in the Liski poviat, and in 1805 he proved himself noble at the Department of the Galicia Estates.
Thaar Al-Otaibi (; born 25 August 1999) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Al-Taawoun on loan from Al-Hilal.
François Keller (born 27 October 1973 in France) is a French retired footballer who now works as head coach of RC Strasbourg Alsace B in his home country.
in 1998, he signed for Fulham in the Football League Second Division, where he made two appearances and scored zero goals.
According to the epigraphy of Qibi Song (契苾嵩), a Tiele general in the service of the Tang dynasty (730), the origins of the Qibi can be traced to the Khangai Mountains prior to their presence in the Bogda Mountains during the 6th century.
They were related to the Jiepi (解批) of Gaoche, who were situated east of the Fufuluo.In early Tang period, they lived in Yingsuo Prefecture (modern Yanqi 焉耆, Xinjiang).
A member of the tribe, Qibi Zhang (契苾璋) was the military governor of Zhenwu Circuit (振武, headquartered in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia) from 881 to 882.
Considered as one of the leading female playback singers in Sri Lankan Sinhala cinema, Ravihari has won numerous awards at local film and television festivals including Sarasaviya Awards for Best Vocalist in three consecutive years.
Her career begins at very little age where she used to listen music classes conducted by veteran singer Sujatha Attanayaka at a neighbor house.
She continued perform many occasion with both Sinhala and Hindi songs and released Hindi- Sinhala mix CD/cassette at the age of 13 as her second album.
However she selected music industry as her pathway and completed 'Prathama' and the Diploma in Hindustani music under Sujatha Attanayaka and late Austin Munasinghe.
The retreat and church consisted of an architectural ensemble of a chapel, a retreat, a seminary, parsonage, forecourt, and side garden.
The Retreat and Church of Our Lady of Humility was one of the few centers of refuge and education for women in Brazil in the colonial period.
It was developed without a master plan at its outset, and consists of a mixture of architectural styles and type of building materials.
He enlarged the complex between 1845 and 1848, adding the chaplain's house, an infirmary, a locutory, and the beginning of a new seminary.
The Bahia Artistic and Cultural Heritage Foundation, through an agreement with the Brotherhood and the City Hall, began restaurant of the complex in 1975.
It forms the eastern edge of the historic center of Santo Amaro, and is connected to the Town Hall of Santo Amaro by numerous small, narrow streets.
The facade of the building opens to the Subaé River and has a raised church yard, or forecourt, surrounded by an iron railing.
The retreat is to the right of the nave, with a chapel on the first floor and dormitory rooms on the second floor above the transept.
The seminary, often referred to as the new seminary, is a large structure located adjacent to the rear of the chapel and retreat.
The chancel, like other churches of Bahia and the Church of Our Lady of Protection in Santo Amaro built in the same period, has a barrel vault with lunettes.
The azulejos under the choir resemble those of the nave, but date to a later period of artistic and manufacturing decline of azulejos in Portugal.
The statues of Our Lady of the Angels (Nossa Senhora dos Anjos), Saint Miguel, and Saint Rita are attributed by Manoel Querino to Domingos Pereira Balão.
The complex was recognized not only for its historical and architectural value, but also as an element of the Historic Center of Santo Amaro.
It flows north from its source in the Brokenhead Swamp within Sandilands Provincial Forest, to its mouth in Lake Winnipeg south of Stoney Point.
Bears Creek joins as a right tributary south of Mile 76 road N. Beaver Creek joins as a left tributary south of PR 435.
Ayman Al-Hujaili (; born 1 July 1997) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as an attacking-midfielder for Pro League club Damac .
It is located at , just Northwest of Marysville, on the banks of Otter Run, at the intersection of Dog Leg Road and Westlake-Lee Road.
Before 1900, there was a railroad station located here on the Western Division of the Toledo and Ohio Central Railway, but never a post office.
Despite his Roman Catholic faith, he wrote more than thirty chorale preludes, working in a musical genre more traditionally associated with Lutheran worship.
Moritz Brosig was born the youngest son of Joseph Brosig, a minor landowner at Fuchswinke (known since) 1945 by its Polish name as Lisie Kąty) in the countryside on the southern edge of Lower Silesia.
His mother Barbara was the daughter of the man who owned the Kreuzer printing works in the Silesian capital, Breslau (known more recently - since) 1945 - as Wrocław).
When Brosig was just three his father died: his mother sold the family lands and moved with her son to Breslau, which is where Moritz grew to adulthood and, indeed, where he lived for the rest of his life.
The syllabus would have included the works of Rinck, Fischer, Kittel, Albrechtsberger and of course the master himself, J S Bach.
According to his biographer Rudolf Walter, Brosig was no prodigy, but he made up for any deficiency in flair with an exceptionally industrious approach to practicing.
During this period he deputised with growing frequency for his , who combined his teaching responsibilities with a role as principal cathedral organist on the north side of the river.
From 1871 Brosig supplemented his duties at the cathedral with a lectureship at the Institute for Church Music at the University of Breslau.
For many years Moritz Brosig suffered from a problem with his legs which limited his ability to travel and indeed, as the years wore on, made it difficult for him to climb up to the organ loft.
During the 1880s he found he could no longer manage the stairs, and during the final part of his career his duties in the organ loft were increasingly delegated to his assistant Adolf Greulich.
The cheerfulness arising from dance rhythms along with the anthrocentric self-portrayal and theatricality reminiscent of operatic arias were a particular concern for many of the early proponents of what became known as the Cecilian Movement.
Brosig very quickly distanced himself from the association, however, not wishing to make common cause with the more extremist calls for a return to an imagined musical tradition characterised by pre-enlightenment purity.
It is clear from the way in which he ran the music at the cathedral that he was committed to many of the ideas associated with the Cecilian, and he was indeed active in promoting many of the movement's aspirations.
In Breslau cathedral orchestral music continued to be used: that was not the case in cathedrals such as that at catholic Regensburg where the pronouncements of leading Cecilians such as Franz Xaver Witt were implemented less selectively.
So Brosig represented a moderate approach to the Cecilian reforms, giving the sixteenth and seventeenth century vocal music appropriate recognition for its artistic worth and liturgical appropriateness, but without rejecting contemporary compositions, and without rejecting the expressive broadening offered by the traditional incorporation of musical instruments (in addition to the organ) in Catholic church music.
Brosig's compositions resonated most strongly with the church music community in Silesia, and in Catholic southern Germany more broadly, as well as in the German speaking lands of Austro-Hungary (Cisleithania).
With the exception of a very small amount of chamber music and a handful of songs, his output consisted exclusively of church music.
Like many contemporary composers he drew inspiration from Felix Mendelssohn, echoes of whose stylistic devices can frequently be identified in his music.
Yet none of the voices is taken to the extreme limits of the vocally possible, so that in technical terms the delivery is always 'comfortable'.
Distancing his approach from what had become the traditional classical and indeed at times operatic orchestrally accompanied masses, while at the same time firmly rejecting radical Cecilian exclusion of any orchestral involvement within the cathedral building, Brosig tried to respect the liturgical circumstances with his compositions and to produce music that respected contemporary norms without compromising on quality.
In this way he became an important early representative of the so-called of Cathedral Kapellmeisters during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in the process building the cathedral's reputation as a centre of church music excellence.
The disarmament of the Lou Nuer was a forcible disarmament campaign undertaken by the SPLA in Southern Sudan in December 2005.
The SPLA organized a force under Peter Bol Kong to forcibly disarm the Lou Nuer, whose White Army resisted until a defeat in the battle of Motot, after which they fled the area.
While the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War in January 2005 called for the disarmament of other armed groups, it had little guidance on disarming civilians.
However, the SPLM, the major political party in Southern Sudan, decided to disarm civilians in order to reduce ethnic violence, reserve the right to bear arms for the party, eliminate armed groups backed by Sudan, and ensure the security of its territory before challenging Sudan on border issues.
Disarmament started in Western Jonglei State and moved east, with the lightly armed Dinka and later the Jikan Nuer disarming relatively peacefully.
In late 2005, the SPLA assigned Gen. Peter Bol Kong, a Lou Nuer with an ethnically mixed force, to disarm the Lou Nuer.
A series of meetings began in Khorfulus County where the Jonglei State government said that the groups needed to either join the SPLA or turn their weapons in, or else they would be forcibly disarmed.
The Jonglei governor also promised compensation for the weapons, but it was unclear were the funding would come from or who it would go to.
The Lou Nuer refused to disarm, saying they needed their weapons for protection from the Murle, who had not been disarmed.
At the end of January 2006, the White Army forces launched a major attack on the SPLA which left about 60 dead.
Wutnyang Gatkek, a Gawaar Nuer spiritual leader and a former influential white army member was killed when he went to Yuai on behalf of the SPLA to promote disarmament.
The Security Committee of the Government of Southern Sudan met and was spilt, with the leader of the SPLM, Salva Kiir, wanting restraint and with Riek Machar, a Nuer, wanting a rapid response.
Major battles began with Bol Kong's disarmament forces fighting the White Army, the forces of Thomas Maboir (though Maboir did not fight), and a section of the SSDF forces of Simon Gatwitch under his deputy Simon Wojong.
A conference was held from February 27 to March 7 in Yuai with the White Army and leading figures of the Government of Southern Sudan in another attempt to get the Lou Nuer to peacefully disarm.
Riek Machar, regarded as the founder of the White Army, announced its dissolution, but the youth were determined to keep their arms.
From April to May there were frequent sightings of a helicopter arriving at Simon Wojong's camp near Yuai, and it was concluded that this was a Sudanese Armed Forces helicopter bringing supplies.
By May 2006, the Lou Nuer economy was in tatters and many White Army fighters had lost most of their cattle.
After some skirmishes with the White Army and Simon Wojong's forces, the battle of Motot occurred on May 18, in which 113 White Army fighters were killed to just one SPLA soldier killed.
Simon Gatwitch claimed to have ordered his forces north as well to avoid conflict with the SPLA, and they reached Dolip Hill.
In the next place in line for disarmament, Akobo, Akobo Commissioner Doyak Choal, shocked by the violence to the east, quickly organized a disarmament lead by traditional leaders without the involvement of the SPLA.
The violence made it so the locals could not plant and the SPLA was not supplied with food so it had to live off the locals' animals, creating serious food shortages after the conflict.
Quintino Sella was the lead ship of her class of four destroyers built for the (Royal Italian Navy) in the 1920s.
Their main battery consisted of four guns in one twin-gun turret aft of the superstructure and one single-gun turret forward of it.
Between the years 1919 and 1926 Düblin played a total of 57 games for Basel scoring a total of 5 goals.
The turbines were rated at for a speed of in service, although the ship reached a speed of from during her sea trials while lightly loaded.
Their main battery consisted of four guns in one twin-gun turret aft of the superstructure and one single-gun turret forward of it.
Katherine Gudrun Isaak is a British astrophysicist and the Project Scientist for the European Space Agency Characterising Exoplanet Satellite mission (CHEOPS).
She has spoken about how important her high school physics and chemistry teachers were in helping her decide to become a scientist.
Through her time at Cambridge Isaak was supported by W.Owen Saxton, an Emeritus Fellow of Physics who was then Director of Studies.
ATMACA is an all weather, long range, surface-to-surface, precision strike anti-ship missile which can be integrated to patrol boats, frigates and corvettes.
Prime contractor ROKETSAN started development of the missile in September 2012 after receiving the results of its previous research and development contract with Turkey's Under Secretariat For Defense Industries (SSM) at Navy Research Centre Command (ARMERKOM).its is planned to developed in such way that it can be launched not only from ship to ship but also from submarines, aircraft and ship to land or vise versa.
The first land-based firing of Atmaca was took place in March 2017, after completing various test, the serial production contract for Atmaca was signed with Presidency of defense industry on 29 October 2018.
The missile makes use of its global positioning system (GPS), its inertial navigation system and its barometric altimeter and radar altimeter sub-systems to navigate towards its target, while its active radar seeker pinpoints its target with High precision.
With a range of , this guided missile poses a major threat for targets situated beyond line of sight due to its high explosive fragmentation warhead.
She studied at the University of South Carolina, and has an MFA in Creative Writing from the University of British Columbia.
His printing business, Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri, was at the time of his death in 1852 the largest company of its kind in Denmark.
Luno was born on 24 June 1795 in Randers, the son of customs officer Jens Luno (1748-96) and Elisabeth Charlotte Boeck (1753-1815).
In spring 1817 he left Denmark and spent the next 11 years working for a number of leading printing houses in Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Hungary.
On his return to Copenhagen in 1828, Luno had acquired a thorough knowledge of the latest trends and technological advances within the printing industry.
In 1831, most likely with the help of Anders Sandøe Ørsted and Hans Christian Ørsted, he was awarded a royal license to set up his own printing business in Copenhagen.
Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri employed 40 people and several printing presses by the time that it relocated to larger premises at Østergade 2+ in August 11838.
Professor Christian Nathan David, who had made an investment in the company when Scheider pulled out, was instrumental in attracting many new clients from Copenhagen's literary and scientific elite.
C. A. Reitzel's publishing house used Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri on a regular basis for the printing of numerous works by leading writers such as Hans Christian Andersen, Carsten Hauch, J. L. Heiberg, B. S. Ingemann, Frederik Paludan-Müller and Christian Winther.
In 1848, he took over the responsibility for the printing of the constituent assembly's negotiations in a printing workshop at Christiansborg Palace.
His first wife was Laurentze Wilhelmine Anger (17 February 1807 - 16 September 1839), a daughter of master brush-maker and later chief ticket inspector at the Royal Danish Theatre Samuel Anger (c. 1777-1843) and Vilhelmine Marie Henningsen (c. 1785-1870).
His second wife was Johanne Marie Charlotte Kjer, (9 March 1817 - 7.11.1889), a daughter of sailor Lars Christensen Kjær and Christine Marie Lyssing.
Two streets were named after him: Bianco Lunos Allé still exists today, whereas Bianco Lunos Sideallé was renamed Grundtvigsvej in 1872.
Formed in 2018, by Max Neville and Tommy Verity, covering Thrash metal songs to build their audience, the band has diversified across metal genres, attracting new members and more fans to their style.
Originally using the St. Anthony's Catholic School music room as a base for their practice, they usually jammed out to increase their skills.
After the summer, Max Neville left the band to focus on his college studies, and for a while they were left without a drummer.
At this point the band began to steadily increase in following, even to the extent that the members were recognised in public.
After speaking on social media, Jack Haigh, officially recognised as one of the top drummers in the UK, and sponsored by multiple brands, joined the band to replace Max as their drummer.
Rosemary Gordon, (1918 Germany - 17 January 2012, Menerbes, France) was a naturalised British academic, clinical psychologist and leading analytical psychologist and writer.
She was a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Psychological Society and an Honorary Fellow of the Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies at the University of Kent.
After schooling in Switzerland, Gordon came to London where she took a degree in Psychology and later gained a Doctorate at the University of London.
She became a member of the London Society of Analytical Psychology in 1957 of which she was later to become the chairman.
In 1950 Rosemary Gordon married the intelligence officer and later much lauded BBC producer, Peter Montagnon, and was then known as Rosemary Gordon‐Montagnon.
Haplogroup I-BY316, also known as I-Y7626 or I1a3a1a2a1b1 per the International Society of Genetic Genealogy ('ISOGG), is a Y chromosome haplogroup.
On the basis of analysing samples of volunteers in YDNA sequencing, the YDNA analysis company YFull estimated that I-BY316 formed 2,300 years ago (500 BC) (95 % CI 3,100 <-> 1,950 ybp) with a TMRCA (Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor) of 2,400 years (95 % CI 2,800 <-> 2,100 ybp) before present.
Geographically I-BY316 is believed to have arisen in or near what is now Finland (based in part on the current distribution of this haplogroup).The current distribution of I-BY316 shows that there is a very high concentration in the regions bordering the Baltic Sea .
Due to the distinct distribution pattern around the Baltic sea it would appear that the progenitor of I-BY316 may have been immersed in a seafaring culture.
In a historical context the distribution patterns fits well with the historical region of Kvenland and the associated tribe of the Kvens.
At the time when haplogroup I-BY316 came into existence, the Celts were beginning to expand from their traditional territory in southern Germany.
The Germanic peoples were then presumed to be occupying a possible original homeland in southern Sweden and the Jutland peninsula (i.e.
They appear to have gone through a period in which they were conquered by the western Celts and remained subject to them (especially in Jutland).
Triggered by the Gallic invasion, the Germanic peoples began expanding south-westwards along the North Sea coast and eastwards along the shores of the Baltic Sea.
The push eastward along the Baltic Sea deep into Kven territory is assumed to coincide with the migration pattern of I-BY316.
The mythological king Fornjót of the Orkneyinga saga was said to have ruled over Kvenland roughly around the time of haplogroup origin.
Even though mythology may be very far removed from historical truth, it nevertheless paints a picture of a strong seafaring tradition in the area of interest and can therefore help to explain the subsequent expansion of the haplogroup.
Video of the shooting appeared online in real time, and was captured, leading to multiple Twitter posts and YouTube videos showing the actual crime in progress.
The perpetrator shot and killed two members of the church before he was fatally shot by Jack Wilson, another church member, ending the attack within six seconds.
Wilson indicated that five or six other members of the church assembly also drew their own weapons in response to the shooting.
He was wearing a fake beard and a wig and immediately raised the suspicions of the security deacons serving the church.
Given that an armed church member shot and killed the attacker with his concealed firearm, preventing the attack from continuing and more lives being taken, gun-rights advocates are using the shooting as an example of the benefits of private citizens carrying firearms.
Michael Bloomberg responded to the shooting by saying that only law enforcement officers should be allowed to carry guns and make decisions on when to shoot active shooters, generating controversy.
After the hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948, further additions included extra wards in 1981 and a new outpatients department in 1997.
The 2020 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol is the 117th edition of the top division of football in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
The top two teams not competing in any level of the national Campeonato Brasileiro qualify for the 2021 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. Additionally, the Campeonato Carioca awards four berths to compete in the 2021 Copa do Brasil.
The preliminary phase of the tournament is contested as a round-robin among the two worst-placed teams of the 2019 competition, the two best-placed teams in the 2019 relegation group, and the two teams promoted from the 2019 Série B1.
The top two teams of the preliminary phase qualify for the main competition while the remaining four compete in the relegation playoffs.
If the same club wins both the Taça Guanabara and Taça Rio, and no other team has collected more points than this team across both group stages combined, then this team is immediately champion of the Campeonato Carioca.
The top two teams in the combined table of the Taça Guanabara and Taça Rio automatically qualify to the 2021 Copa do Brasil.
The top team of Group X qualifies for the First Round of the 2021 Campeonato Carioca and the bottom three will contest the Group Z relegation group.
The 2019–20 Oakland Roots SC season is the club's first ever and its first in the newly created National Independent Soccer Association (NISA), a newly established third division soccer league in the United States.
Oakland Roots announced on June 27, 2019 that the team would apply to join NISA after previously announcing it would take part in the NPSL Members Cup.
Unlike the other two teams, the Roots were announced as part of the Fall season and took part as members of the West Coast Conference.
On December 11, NISA announced the Oakland, Detroit, Chattanooga, and Michigan Stars FC had all been approved by the U.S. Soccer Board of Directors.
Assistant coach Jordan Ferrell was named as interim head coach and later, on December 3, officially named as the new head coach.
The team played two friendly matches against Mexican professional teams early in the season, falling to Liga MX side FC Juárez in early September and beating second division side Club Atlético Zacatepec with both games selling out.
Oakland will enter the 2020 U.S. Open Cup with the rest of the National Independent Soccer Association teams in the Second Round.
The men's 60 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place on 12 October at the Shibuya Public Hall.
James Tinnion (19 December 1904 – 1977) was an English footballer who made 121 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half for Darlington and Barrow.
He also played non-league football in the north-east of England for clubs including Lintz Colliery, North Shields, Blyth Spartans, Horden Colliery Welfare, West Stanley, Chopwell Institute, Hexham and Annfield Plain between 1927 and 1938.
He turned professional at the end of that season, but made only one senior appearance, replacing regular centre-half Jimmy Waugh for the league visit to Doncaster Rovers on 29 March 1929, which Darlington lost 3–1.
Without making a single first-team appearance, Tinnion departed Huddersfield on a free transfer, and signed for North Shields of the North-Eastern League.
He made 27 appearances in his first season, and continued as a first-team regular, taking his total to 129 in all competitions over his four-year stay.
Tinnion began the 1935–36 season with Blyth Spartans, but his contract was cancelled by mutual consent in mid-September so that he could join another North-Eastern League team, Horden Colliery Welfare.
Over the next three seasons he had spells with West Stanley, Chopwell Institute, Hexham, for whom he was playing by January 1937, and Annfield Plain.
Tinnion died in 1977; his death at the age of 72 was registered in the Durham Northern district in the third quarter of that year.
In the 1989–90 season, Leeds were promoted to the First Division, having finished as champions of the Second Division on 85 points.
The North American Association of Indian Students (NAAIS) is a nonprofit and non-partisan Indian-American organization that functions as an umbrella group to cater to Indian and Indian-American students studying in the United States and Canada.
With over 200,000 Indian students and over 500,000 Indian-American students studying in US institutions, young Indians are one of the largest identity groups within the United States, behind China.
Sochańska received Master degree from the Institute of Social Prevention and Resocialization at University of Warsaw, writing her thesis about the informal behavior of prisoners in concentration camps.
In 1994, she worked for the Office of the Council of Ministers, at the office of the Plenipotentiary for European Integration.
She was a member of the team negotiating the accession of Poland to the European Union, being in charge of foreign and security policy issues and external affairs.
Upon her return to the MFA, Sochańska was the Head of the EU enlargement policy division and afterwards – a Deputy Director for South-Eastern Europe, EU Enlargement and the external aspects of migration.
The Hero of Submarine D-2 is a lost 1916 silent film adventure war film directed by Paul Scardon and starring Charles Richman.
Escolinha do Professor Raimundo is a Brazilian comedy TV sketch and later TV show led by Chico Anysio and aired on various comedy shows for over 38 years.
It premiered on its own television program on August 4, 1957 and on Rede Globo from 1973 until May 28, 1995.
Shortly after no longer being broadcast on Globo due to the low audience results, it nevertheless returned to its original and independent format as a television show airing from March 26 to December 28, 2001, when it was aired its last season.
In 2015, Canal Viva produced, in partnership with Rede Globo, a remake of the old Escolinha, with 7 episodes (2 of which were only broadcast by Globo).
The crew included three members of Chico Anysio's family, all with experience in the original series: direction by his niece Cininha de Paula , writing by his son Nizo Neto (who played Seu Ptolomeu in the original series), and teacher Raimundo was played by his son Bruno Mazzeo (writer in the old Escolinha).
It consisted of a classroom where Professor Raimundo Nonato (Chico Anysio) served as a foil for the jokes of three students: the smart one, played by Afrânio Rodrigues, the dumb one, played by João Fernandes, and a cunning one, played by Zé Trindade.
The intelligent student was now played by João Loredo; its opposite by Castrinho; Vagareza was the trickster who tried to deceive the teacher; and Ary Leite, a stuttering and confused student.
It was recorded initially at the studios of the defunct TV Tupi, at the former Cassino da Urca, and later at Cinédia and at the Tycoon and Renato Aragão studios (now Casablanca Studios), all in Rio de Janeiro, Escolinha aired on Saturdays at 9:30 pm.
In 1999, Chico Anysio decided to take Escolinha on stage in Brazil and his tour kicked off on October 8 for free at Shopping Grande Rio, in São João de Meriti, Rio de Janeiro.
In the same year it was once again aired on Rede Globo, now as a sketch in the program Zorra Total, remaining in the air until October 2000.
The record was issued in Europe on CD by 550 Music, in Japan through Epic, and in the United States by 550, Epic and Frontier Records jointly.
St. Gallen Winkeln railway station () is a railway station in the Winkeln neighborhood of St. Gallen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
The record consists of seventeen tracks from a film score written and composed by Hildur Guðnadóttir, which received critical acclaim from the film industry.
Guðnadóttir's score was released digitally by WaterTower Music on October 4, 2019, with a vinyl edition later released on December 13, 2019.
She sent Phillips a sample of her composition which included melodies that were very simplistic and monotonic as a means of conflating the film's gritty tone with that of antagonist Arthur Fleck.
Guðnadóttir then attempted to expand - within that simplicity - the orchestration around Phoenix's character without chords or complicated music, but instead with a texture she that felt resonated with the melancholia of the character.
Guðnadóttir was able to introduce her music during film production and brought a piece to Phoenix a few weeks into filming as a means of inspiring his work in a pivotal scene.
Phoenix attested that her score was very effective, whilst adding the preparation was in studying movement and dance during rehearsals, but what came out of that piece of score was a turning point for understanding Arthur.
She acknowledged that she wished to keep elements of old school scoring - as how the film was-, hence the thematic approach; she also spoke of being careful not to be influenced by any of the Joker's previous appearances or the music that followed him, feeling a greater creative when you steer clear of outside influences.
As soon as I played those first notes, it really hit me in the chest somehow, and it was a really strong, physical reaction that I got.
The score is led by the cello, yet - according to Guðnadóttir - the music feels surprisingly symphonic, as the cello is carried by a hundred-piece orchestra throughout the film.
She also stated that Phoenix had an earpiece that fed her music to him so he could shape his performance from the music right on the spot.
I said, ‘So, maybe there’s a movement,’ and he said, ‘Well, I would start on your foot—that’s your move.’ That's all he said and all we had.
Guðnadóttir wishes to expand simple and montonic melodies within the orchestration around Joker's evolution not with chords or any complicated music, but instead with texture that she felt resonated with the melancholia of this Artur.
She slowly built the orchestration around the cello, having it faintly linger in the background like a ghost before coming to the forefront as the Joker persona takes command, at the DiMenna Center for one week with initially 36 musicians, thereafter recording with 72 musicians.
Guðnadóttir concluded that she wished for the final act to be big, grand and cinematic, in which she felt Arthur needed this grand exit out of the film - including variations on the themes that have been going on throughout the film.
Murray spoke of his collaboration with director Phillips and film editor Jeff Groth, how they used effects in conjunction with composer Hildur Guðnadóttir's score to enhance the tension in the film, and how Foley, field recordings, and loop group added distinctive texture to the soundtrack.
On October 4, WaterTower Music announced they will release a picture disc and coloured vinyl editions of the soundtrack on December 13.
The purple disc, sporting the character's signature color; and the second featuring a picture disc which showcases Joaquin Phoenix in his full clown makeup.
The score was widely admired and thought of as a contender for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 92nd Academy Awards, with Warner Bros. releasing Guðnadóttir's score as part of the For Your Consideration campaign aimed towards members of awards voting groups such as that of the Academy Awards, and the Hollywood Foreign Press of the Golden Globes.
There is a slow drumbeat, a melancholy, and increasing profoundness to it that strikes to your core, following you just as Fleck's transformation is complete.
Born in Weimar, Huschke's ancestors were physicians who stood in the circle of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller and also treated them.
Huschke was a school musician and has been a professor of music didactics at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt, Weimar since 1993.
She then began training as an electrician, which she had to break off due to the insolvency of the teaching company.
From 1982, she worked as an editor and in 1987, she moved to the Technical University of Applied Sciences Lübeck as a press and public relations officer.
Gabriele Hiller-Ohm was a member of the parliament of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck from 1990 to 2002, and was chairwoman of the SPD parliamentary group there from 1999 to 2002.
Since 2014, Gabriele Hiller-Ohm has been chairman of the working group on tourism and thus spokeswoman for tourism policy of the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag.
In the 2017 federal election, she ran for her constituency's direct mandate again, but was defeated by the CDU candidate Claudia Schmidtke.
Hiller-Ohm has long campaigned for the introduction of the statutory minimum wage and for a pension without deductions from 63 after 45 contribution years.
As the responsible rapporteur for the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag, she also lobbied for the quota of women on supervisory boards and for the Wage Justice Act.
Estrogenic substances, sold under the brand name Amniotin among others, is an estrogen medication which was marketed in the 1930s and 1940s and is no longer available.
It was a purified extract of animal material such as horse urine, placenta, and/or amniotic fluid, and contained a non-crystalline mixture of estrogens, including estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, and/or equilin.
Estrogenic substances was originally produced from the urine of pregnant women, placenta, and/or amniotic fluid, but by the early 1940s, it was manufactured exclusively from the urine of stallions or pregnant mares, similarly to almost all other estrogen preparations on the market.
It was provided in various forms and routes of administration including oil solution for intramuscular injection, oral tablets and capsules, vaginal suppositories, and transdermal ointments.
The medication should additionally be distinguished from estrogen ovarian extracts, which had little activity and were generally considered to be essentially inactive.
Amniotin was originally prepared from the amniotic fluid of cattle, but was later prepared using other sources such as the urine of pregnant mares.
Spiridon Palauzov (Спиридон Палаузов; July 16, 1818, Odessa - August 17, 1872, Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian historian of Bulgarian descent who studied the medieval and modern history of Bulgaria, Romania, the Czech Republic, Hungary and the Austrian Empire.
He was the son of Nikolay Palauzov, who laid the stone at the foundation of Aprilov National High School with its first school.
In 1832-1840 he studied at the Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa, and in 1840-1843 studied at the University of Bonn, Heidelberg University and Munich.
This is intended to be a discography of documented cover versions and performances available on various media including vinyl, tape, CD, video, film, radio, television, and digital download.
Deborah Marrow (October 18, 1948 – October 1, 2019) was an American arts administrator, longtime director of the Getty Foundation at the J. Paul Getty Trust.
She earned a master's degree in art history at Johns Hopkins University, and completed doctoral studies in art history at the University of Pennsylvania in 1978, with a dissertation about royal arts patron Marie de’ Medici.
The internship funds undergraduates who would otherwise not be able to sustain a typically unpaid internship in a museum or other arts non-profit.
Marrow was especially known for funding , a citywide multi-institution event focusing on Los Angeles themes (Los Angeles after World War II in 2011-2012, and Latin American art in 2017).
She also took an interest in funding digitization projects at major museums, through the Online Scholarly Catalogue Initiative (from 2008 to 2014), and set up a $2 million fund for historical preservation in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
Marrow served as interim president of the J. Paul Getty Trust twice, in 2006-2007 and in 2010-2011; at the time of her death, she was the only woman to ever serve as president of the Trust.
She retired from the Trust in 2018, and the Getty Multicultural Undergraduate Internship was renamed the Getty Marrow Multicultural Undergraduate Internship Program in her honor that year.
This is intended to be a discography of documented cover versions and performances available on various media including vinyl, tape, CD, video, film, radio, television, and digital download.
St. Gallen Bruggen railway station () is a railway station in the Bruggen neighborhood of St. Gallen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
The song was in its third week at number one on January 4, 2020, reaching the top for the first time on December 21, 2019.
The following artists were featured at the top of the Hot 100 for the highest cumulative number of weeks during the 2020s.
He served as a member of parliament during the first republic and a minister of state during the Supreme Military Council (SMC) era and the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) era.
In June 1965, he became the member of parliament for the Manso constituency as a member of the Convention People's Party.
In the 1969 parliamentary election, he contested for the Adansi constituency seat on the ticket of the National Alliance of Liberals but lost to Stephen Nuamah of the Pogress Party who polled 7,812 votes against his 2,292 votes.
In early 1978 he was appointed Commissioner for Consumer Affairs by the then ruling government, the Supreme Military Council (which was then the NRC from 1972 until 1975).
The facility, which was built as a lasting memorial to soldiers who died in the First World War, opened in 1919.
Emine Muslı Kadın (; ( 1699 – 2 August 1750) was the ninth consort of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (reign 17031730).
When she was eleven she was taken to Istanbul and was entrusted in the care of Saliha Sultan in the old palace.
Later, she married him in 1714 and promoted her to the title of legal wife of a Sultan, she enjoyed a delightful status throughout the reign of her husband.
A sinister doctor treats his Hippocratic Oath about the same way he treats his patients, while two fellow surgeons and a young Assistant District Attorney set out to stop him.
Death” podcast into a limited series, and produce with Todd Black, Jason Blumenthal and Steve Tisch executive produce via Escape Artists, as well as Hernan Lopez and Marshall Lewy.
On August 9, 2019, Jamie Dornan, Alec Baldwin, and Christian Slater were cast as Dr. Christopher Duntsch, Robert Henderson, and Randall Kirby, respectively.
Rajendra Patil (Yadravkar) is a politician from Kolhapur district, Maharashtra who is currently Minister of State in the government of Maharashtra.
He is appointed as Minister of state for Public Health & Family Welfare, Medical Education, Food & Drug Administration, Textile, Culture Affairs in the Government of Maharashtra.
Under his leadership Sharad Sugar Factory became debt free in 5 years .He is known for his leadership skills and strong control over administration.
With a vision to provide access to quality education to children of farmers he founded, Engineering and Polytechnic college in Yadrav (Kolhapur).
Within less span his Engineering college - Sharad Institute of Technology( SITCO)] and Sharad Institute of Technology, Polytechnic, Yadrav garnered a strong reputation in Western Maharashtra.
The data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based on each song's weekly digital sales, which combines sales of different versions of a song by an act for a summarized figure.
They are frequently found in the stomachs of large pelagic predator fishes, including billfish and tuna, suggesting that they play an important role in the diets of fast swimming, predatory fishes.
Specimens at various stages of development have been collected throughout the Pacific Ocean, from the Sea of Japan to the coast of Hawaii.
For the purpose of regulating the tourism sphere the Government of the Artsakh Republic adopted the Law on Tourism and Tourism Activities.
The development of tourism in the Republic of Artsakh is carried out by the Tourism Department of the NKR Ministry of Economy.
To the north are the ravines of Mrav, in the north-west the Eastern Sevan Mountains, in the west the Syunik Plateau, in the central part the Artsakh Ridge, from which a number of small mountain ridges are spread to the east.
The main policy objectives of the tourism sector are to promote international recognition of the independent state of the Artsakh Republic through tourism development, as well as to accelerate the process of increasing national income by becoming a popular tourist destination, resulting in increased employment in the tourism sector.
However, the overnight stay of foreign tourists has increased, as has the number of visitors from the Republic of Armenia [2].
As of 2015, 16,000 tourists from 86 countries (including the Republic of Armenia) have arrived in Artsakh, spending about $6 million in Artsakh.
The monastery was founded by St. Dadi, a disciple of Thaddeus the Apostle who spread Christianity in Eastern Armenia during the first century AD.
The festival was initiated by the Department of Tourism and Protection of Historical Places of the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Youth Affairs of the Republic of Artsakh and is aimed to develop tourism in Artsakh.
The festival provides a platform to the winemakers of Artsakh and Armenia giving them an opportunity to sell their products, exchange knowledge, promote their wine etc.
The annual festival's program includes grape stomping, tasting of traditional Artsakh cuisine, exhibition of artworks, exhibition of ancient artifacts that belonged to the Melik Yegan's Palace, as well as an exhibition and sale of local wine, where one can find products from 5 different regions of Artsakh and Armenia.
On that day Stepanakert Airport becomes one of the most exciting places in Artsakh with flying machines in the air - flying airplanes, sky balls and paratrikes.
Douglas O'Connor (born 29 April 1954) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley, Mansfield Town and Scunthorpe United.
The 1989–90 season is Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 88th season in existence and the club's 59th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Real Madrid finished the campaign as league champions for the fifth season running, also, new coach John Benjamin Toshack and the team reached the record of most goals in a season.
David John Hailwood (born 17 October 1954) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The package was designed by Sandy Petersen, Ken Rolston, Greg Stafford, Troy Bankert, Ken Kaufer, Oliver Jovanovic, Finula McCaul, and Paul Reilly, with illustrations by John T. Snyder and Merle Insinga, and cover art by Linda Michaels.
The shore is a large, open area of mudflats and salt pans, with some mangrove areas and scrub, tipped by a sand spit.
The area is not a national park, the land being privately owned, but it is a favoured location for bird-watchers where they can see a wide variety of shorebirds.
Laem Phak Bia is located on the western shore of the northern end of the Gulf of Thailand in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand.
Near the village of Pak Thale in the north of the area lies the Pak Thale Shorebird Conservation Area and areas of salt evaporation ponds.
South of this is the Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project (known as the king's project), mudflats, patches of scrub and of mangroves, and a sand spit jutting out into the bay.
Further south lies the village of Laem Phak Bia, and beyond that the beach resort of Hat Chao Samran which has accommodation and facilities for visitors.
On the saltpans nearby, the spoon-billed sandpiper is reliably present from November to March, inclusive, and the painted stork, the red-necked phalarope and the pied avocet can also often be seen.
The sand spit is a wintering area for such gulls as the Pallas's gull, the Heuglin's gull and the Vega gull, and the Malaysian plover the Chinese egret are often present.
Passerines that can be seen in the mangroves, swamps and enclosures at the research centre include the golden-bellied gerygone, the dusky warbler, the racket-tailed treepie, various reed warblers, the common snipe, the pin-tailed snipe, the ruddy-breasted crake and the slaty-breasted rail.
The mangroves have been found to be able to reduce phosphate, ammonia, and nitrate by 88%, 74% and 64% respectively and increase dissolved oxygen by 32%, increasing the efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant to acceptable levels.
A 2004 proposal to build the Laem Phak Bia bridge over the Bay of Bangkok, the northern tip of the Gulf of Thailand, were shelved in 2005 on environmental grounds after concern from King Bhumibol.
Kevin Russell Griffin (born 5 October 1953) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Bristol City, Cambridge United and Mansfield Town.
The try gave you an attempt to get a score by means of the conversion; if the conversion was missed then it did not benefit the try scoring team.
Archer has modelled for Anna Sui and Marc Jacobs campaigns, while walking the runway for Michael Kors, Valentino, Max Mara, Matty Bovan, Burberry, Simone Rocha, Coach New York, and Missoni.
Sadiq Mahmud Khurram (born 8 January 1973) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 23 October 2018.
The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.
On 9 June 1944, she was torpedoed by a Royal Navy submarine and sunk off the port of Heraklion, Crete, killing several hundreds of deported Cretan Jews, Cretan Christian civilians and Italian POWs who were aboard.
Initially named Holywood, she was purchased in 1935 by Greek shipowner Stefanos Synodinos and renamed Tanais after an ancient Greek city in the Don river delta.
After being repaired, she was operated by the (MMR) of Hamburg, carrying cargo and people from the mainland and the Aegean islands.
On late 8 or early 9 June 1944, Tanais sailed with a crew of 12 from Heraklion bound for Piraeus, escorted by three smaller vessels.
Detained in the holds of Tanais were about 265 deported Jews from Chania who have been rounded up a few days before.
There were also several hundreds of Christian Cretan civilians having links with the resistance along with pro-Badoglio Italian prisoners of war who had been arrested after the Armistice of Cassibile.
Whether the British submarine was aware of the human cargo onboard Tanais has been the subject of debate and is still unclear today.
David John Llewellyn (born 9 August 1949) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Peterborough United and West Ham United.
Sherlock Holmes: The Man Who Disappeared) is a 1951 British made-for-television mystery film directed by Richard M. Grey and starring John Longden as Sherlock Holmes and Campbell Singer as Dr. John H. Watson.
The initial plan was to make six, one-hour adaptations but only one film was made and it was ultimately released cinematically.
The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.
Noel William O'Brien (born 18 December 1956) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The England cricket team is scheduled to tour India in September and October 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Following the 2020 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, England are then scheduled to return to India in January 2021 to play five Test matches.
The Kubitschek Residence Museum () is a museum house located on the shore of Lake Pampulha in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
With a roof in the form of a butterfly with inclined planes, the Kubitschek Residence, which occupies 680 m² of a plot measuring 2,800 m², is a characteristic example of Brazilian modernist architecture.
The house was designed to preserve the intimacy and privacy of the Kubitschek family, an objective achieved by placing the structure at the farthest point from the street, adding a garden designed by Roberto Burle Marx at the entrance, and partitioning the residence's internal spaces.
In the interior of the house, the organization of the space and the decorative details, accentuated by paintings by Alfredo Volpi and Paulo Werneck, reveal the features of the modernist architecture of Oscar Niemeyer and his contemporaries.
Social spaces include living, dining, and game rooms; service spaces include the kitchen, a bathroom, and servants' quarters; and intimate areas included three bedrooms.
At the back of the main structure, near the swimming pool, a smaller house was built, with 3 bedrooms, 2 living rooms, and a bathroom.
Kubitschek used it as an office, and it was one of his favorite places; he would work and take calls while getting some sun by the pool.
The house remained occupied by the Kubitschek family until 1945, when Juscelino Kubitschek moved to Rio de Janeiro to assume his duties as a federal deputy.
With this transaction, the Guerra family came to inhabit the house, which had been at Kubitschek's disposition whenever he visited Belo Horizonte.
Among the furniture and appliances that were still in good condition were a refrigerator and a master bed purchased by Kubitschek, not to mention a French billiard table and 90 other items.
After Joubert Guerra's death in 1977, his wife, Juracy Brasilience Guerra, remained living at the residence until she died in 2004.
With her death, the Prefecture of Belo Horizonte expressed interest in acquiring the house to transform it into a cultural space.
In 2005, the heirs of the Guerra family signed an expropriation agreement ceding the property to the prefecture, which only in 2008 started reconstruction and renovation work for the establishment of the Kubitschek Residence Museum, based on the development plans of the Directory of Patrimony of the Municipal Culture Foundation of Belo Horizonte.
On September 10, 2013, the Municipal Prefecture of Belo Horizonte finally inaugurated the Kubitschek Residence Museum as a cultural space administered by the Municipal Culture Foundation.
The space came to join the Pampulha Modern Ensemble, which also includes theChurch of Saint Francis of Assisi, the Pampulha Museum of Art, and the Casa do Baile.
At the 2019 World Championships he won the gold medal in the men's long jump T20 event and he qualified to represent the Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
He competed at the 2015 World Championships where he won the bronze medal in the men's triple jump T20 event and also at the 2017 World Championships where he finished in 4th place in the men's long jump T20 event.
He also represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he finished in 4th place in the men's long jump T20 event.
The blessing ceremony was held on 21 January 2019.<br>The character, Chris Chui-yi, was originally played by Jacqueline Wong, who was removed from the filming due to Onsum Cheating Scandal.
Herbert Willi (born ) is a freelance Austrian composer of classical music, whose orchestral works, concertos and chamber music have been performed internationally and also recorded.
Willi's works were performed in Carnegie Hall in New York City, Tokyo, the Royal Albert Hall in London, and at the Philharmonie Berlin, among others.
They were played by the Berlin Philharmonic, Wiener Philharmoniker, Cleveland Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and New Japan Philharmonic, conducted by Claudio Abbado, Gustavo Dudamel, Manfred Honeck, Riccardo Muti and Seiji Ozawa.
Ian Stanley MacKenzie (27 September 1950–2018) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Sheffield United and Southend United.
A Jain stupa dated to the 1st century BCE-1st century CE was excavated at Mathura in the 19th century, in the Kankali Tila mound.
Jain legends state that the earliest Jain stupa was built in the 8th century BCE, before the time of the Jina Parsvanatha.
However the Jain stupa has a peculiar cylindrical three-tier structure, which is quite reminiscent of the Samavasarana, by which it was apparently ultimately replaced as an object of worship.
A Jain stupa dated to the 1st century BCE-1st century CE was excavated at Mathura in the 19th century, in the Kankali Tila mound.
The stupa drum is set on a high platform, and accessed by a flight of stairs and an ornate torana gate, quite similar in style to the toranas of Sanchi.
The drum of the stupa is elongated and cylindrical, and formed of three superposed tiers separated by railings and decorated bands.
On the Vasu ayagapata, one of the Persepolitan pillars is surmounted by a Dharmachakra wheel, and the other pillar was probably surmounted by an animal, as seen in other similar ayagapatas.
The Sivayasa ayagapata shows clearly two triratna symbols on top of the torana, as well as a central flame palmette design.
Here again the Jain stupa in the middle of the relief is of cylindrical type with a three-tier design, separated by three horizontal railings.
The centaurs appearing in the Mathura reliefs, as in other places such as Bodh Gaya, are generally considered as Western borrowings.
She attended an open day at Imperial College London where she saw a demonstration involving liquid oxygen and became interested in materials science.
She was made a doctoral student at Imperial College London and in 1982 employed by the Department of Materials a postdoctoral researcher.
Soon after she was appointed to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where she worked in the Mechanical Properties Group of the Ceramics Division.
Under the new cashless bail rule, judges cannot set bail for misdemeanors or non-violent felonies, even when the charge is a hate crime judges must release defendants even when they have a prior criminal record.
There was a surge of opposition from lawmakers, district attorneys, and police chiefs as the date of implementation of the bail reform law neared.
The 2019–20 Mexico–Bolivia diplomatic crisis began on 29 October 2019 when the Mexican government congratulated incumbent Bolivian President Evo Morales for his reelection victory.
After the election, a preliminary report by the Organization of American States on 9 November reported numerous irregularities in the election, and amid protests and pressure from the Bolivian armed forces and police, Morales was forced to resign.
After Mexico granted asylum to leaders of the Movement for Socialism (MAS), Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador called Morales's resignation a coup d'etat and refused to recognize the new government of Jeanine Añez.
Mexico is also accused of violating internal norms of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and of violating the Mexican Estrada Doctrine concerning respect for the self-determination of peoples and non-intervention in governments or changes of governments in other nationals.
Interior Minister Arturo Murillo has said repeatedly that Quintana will not be allowed to leave the country, and will be imprisoned.
The Permanent Mission of Mexico in the OAS detailed in a letter that, since 21 December, about 150 Bolivian police and intelligence officials have been observed from the official residence.
Murillo stated that the Mexican ambassador herself asked for extra security, on three separate occasions, because of threats to burn the embassy complex and lynch Quintana.
In response to the threat of being taken to the International Criminal Court, he said that Bolivia can prove that it is Mexico that has violated the treaties.
On 27 December 2019, diplomats from Spain paid a courtesy visit to the Mexican embassy in La Paz and were delayed in their departure due to the detention of vehicles that were to pick them up from that location.
Longaric responded by saying the presence of masked and armed guards aroused suspicion that there would be an attempt to smuggle Quintana from the Embassy to another location.
Former President Jorge Quiroga also questioned the presence of the masked figures and asked that the Prime Minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez, apologize for the incident.
Longaric said that she had the understanding and support of the ambassadors from the EU concerning the events at the Embassy and they expressed support for the interim government's mission towards new elections.
The decision to grant asylum to Evo Morales provoked Twitter hashtags #BienvenidoEvo and #EvoElMundoEstaContigo among supporters in Mexico, while opponents tweeted #EvoNoEresBienvenidoEnMexico.
The three diplomats being expelled by Spain, hired under the Morales administration, were identified as the chargé d'affaires, Luis Quispe Condori, the military attache, Marcelo Vargas Barral and the police attache, Orso Fernando Oblitas Siles.
On 2 January, Bolivia's interim foreign minister, Karen Longaric said she hoped to meet with her Mexican counterpart, Marcelo Ebrard, in a neutral country to solve the conflict.
Meanwhile, Vox, a Spanish right-wing party, is investigating ties between Pablo Iglesias, the leftist leader of Podemos, and the government of former Bolivian president Evo Morales, as well as the current conflict involving Spanish diplomats.
Their representatives, headed by MEP Hermann Tertsch, met with interior minister Arturo Murillo and defence minister Fernando López to review evidence of payments between members of the Morales administration and Podemos.
Tertsch made a statement asking that Mexico reconsider its position on the asylees as Quintana is one of those heavily implicated as being involved.
The India cricket team is scheduled to tour Australia from October 2020 to January 2021 to play four Tests, three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
The Test series will form part of the inaugural 2019–21 ICC World Test Championship and the ODI series will form part of the inaugural 2020–22 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League.
She was refloated the next day, but sprang a leak on 23 July in the Whitsunday Passage and was beached the next day at Cape Gloucester, New Britain, where she was declared a total loss.
She was discovered by country music singer Luke Bryan and encouraged by him to move to Nashville, Tennessee once she had become an adult.
Upon moving to Nashville, she found a job at Tootsie's Orchid Lounge, but shortly afterward lost all of her possessions in a house fire.
James started making waves online when he found a megalodon tooth and human remains, which helped close an unsolved police case.
The show went viral on the internet after he found a valuable wedding ring while he was cleaning trash from the Suwannee River in Florida when a local news article highlighted his efforts to find the owner.
The Canadian Energy Centre (CEC), also known as the Canadian Energy Centre Limited (CECL), is a Calgary, Alberta-based private corporation launched on December 11, 2019 by the United Conservative Party government of Alberta, under Premier Jason Kenney.
On May 6, 2019 Nick Koolsbergen, who was the UCP's Alberta campaign manager for the winning election, announced the establishment of the Wellington Advocacy government relations firm with Harper & Associates' Rachel Curran.
The Centre (CEC) was officially launched on December 11 by Premier Kenney at a press conference at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT).
At the December 11 launch, Olsen described the Centre as a place to tell the story of the oil and gas industry in Alberta, which includes rebutting its critics respectfully.
The Canadian Energy Centre Limited is a private corporation, which means that it is not subject to Alberta's Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (FOIP Act).
Tom Olsen, a former journalist and lobbyist, was appointed as CEO and managing director of the war room which will be called the Canadian Energy Centre Limited (CECL).
The CEC's board of directors is composed of Alberta's Minister of Energy, Sonya Savage Minister of Justice and Solicitor General, Doug Schweitzer, and Jason Nixon, Minister of Environment and Parks.
Minister Savage previously worked on major projects, including the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines project and was formerly an executive of Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA).
An irate parent was concerned about the presentation and the Three Percent Project handout given to his fifteen-year-old son at his Airdrie, Alberta school on December 5, 2019.
In a December 19 statement, the energy centre's CEO and managing director, Tom Olsen, said that the logo was pulled and was to be replaced.
The CEC had selected Lead & Anchor over eight other contractors proposed to the CEC by the Calgary marketing agency, Communo.
Julián Palacios (born 4 February 1999) is an Argentine footballer currently playing as a midfielder for San Lorenzo of the Argentine Primera División.
The women's triple jump event at the 1991 Summer Universiade was held at the Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield on 20 July 1991.
Martin Peter New (born 11 May 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley and Mansfield Town.
Dána-Ain Davis is a professor of urban studies at Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY) and the Director of the Center for the Study of Women and Society.
Leila Elberta Ross-Shier (born McTaggart 16 November 1886 - 26 September 1968) was a musician, educator and composer from the Cayman Islands.
She encouraged all high school students to read, no matter the color of their skin, despite the norm of segregation at the time.
Ross-Shier was one of the signers of a petition that led to granting women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands in 1959.
Robert Stearns is an American pastor and evangelist who founded Eagles Wings Ministries located in Clarence, New York and currently pastors the Full Gospel Tabernacle in Orchard Park, New York.
Stearns lived in Jerusalem in the 1990s working for the International Christian Embassy and it was there where he discovered and studied Judeo-Christian relations and roots of Judaism in Christianity.
Upon returning home to Buffalo, New York, Robert discussed the possibilities of founding a pro-Israel ministry with Reverend Thomas F. Reid, the senior leader and bishop of the Full Gospel Tabernacle.
Stearns is a staunch advocate for the state of Israel, oftentimes meeting with foreign governments to help formulate and direct their politics towards Israel.
Stearns, along with evangelist Jack W. Hayford, created an event called the Global Day of Prayer for the Peace of Jerusalem, celebrated in churches worldwide and with a major gathering in the Holy Land of Israel one day a year.
It is the largest Christian Zionist event, endorsed by the Knesset Christian Allies Caucus the event involves congregants in 200,000 churches in 175 nations worldwide praying for peace in Israel and its surrounding nations.
The event has attracted Israeli and United States officials such as former Senator Joe Lieberman and United States Ambassador to Israel David M. Friedman.
It is estimated that in 2019 more than half a million churches and as many as 100 million Christians and Jews around the world participated worldwide in the annual Day of Prayer for the Peace of Jerusalem.
In July 2013, Stearns was named as the bishop of a church in Orchard Park, New York, called the Full Gospel Tabernacle.
Jameh Mosque of Khorramshahr is the thirty thousandth historical monument of Iran, which was registered in the list of national monuments in 2011.
The Khorramshahr Mosque was rebuilt after the war, 4000 square meters added to mosque from the north side for facilities such as a guesthouse for pilgrims and a pedestrian passageway, as well as a commercial site.
In 1969, a piece of land from the west side was added to the mosque and renovated as it is now.
It has two finial and two small and large domes, over 120 years old, and 770 square meters of mosaic tile is a special feature of this monument.
Manifesta 13 is an upcoming art exhibition within the Manifesta European art biennial to be hosted in Marseille, France, from June to November 2020.
At a contentious press event, French journalists questioned the city's outlay towards the festival and the extent to which the event would include local curators.
Marseille has allocated 627,000 (US$715,000) for Manifesta 13 hosting rights and committed 2.4 million (US$2.7 million) to developing the 2020 event.
The city saw the festival as expanding on the legacy of its 2013 European Capital of Culture year of cultural events and funding to build the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations.
While the city has grown as an arts hub, by 2018, some of Marseille came to distrust outside cultural interventions, such as Manifesta, based on lingering issues of poverty and a small commercial art sector following the 2013 events.
James Grattan (born 30 November 1958) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The Pakistan cricket team is scheduled to tour South Africa in October 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Michael James Joseph Coffey (born 29 September 1958) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
In order to successfuly hit during combat, the attacker rolls percentile dice and compares the result on a table against the defending dragon's previous aerial maneuver.
However, Williams did not like the map, which was not drawn from a top down (bird's-eye) point of view, but from the side, with the ground at the bottom of the board.
He also criticized the use of a square grid versus a hex grid on the map, and noted that gridlines on the cut and paste sections of the map did not line up properly.
The Zimbabwe cricket team is scheduled to tour Pakistan in October and November 2020 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Rolf Peter Brenner (December 14, 1937 – March 31, 2019) was a Swiss Civil Engineer and Geologist specialized in Soil mechanics.
He gained first professional experience at the construction company Conrad Zschokke in Geneva followed by work for Dames & Moore in San Francisco, California (later merged with URS Corporation).
There, he worked for the Research Institute of Military Constructions in Zurich, where he carried out studies on the effect of nuclear explosions on soil and underground shelters.
From 1974 until 1981, he was a faculty member in the Division of Geotechnical Engineering and the Director of the Soil Mechanics Laboratory at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Bangkok, Thailand.
Projects included the Atatürk Dam in Turkey and the Mosul Dam in Iraq, two of the largest rockfill dams in the world.
Besides dams, he was involved in geotechnical analysis for the Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok and the foundation design of the 372 m high Liberation Tower (Kuwait).
He was called to inspect damages of earthquakes to dams such as the Sefidrud Dam or several dams in China damaged by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
Gary Philip Saxby (born 11 December 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Northampton Town.
The Pakistan cricket team is scheduled to tour New Zealand in December 2020 and January 2021 to play two Test and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
The church became collegiate when Richard Whitton was appointed by the Bishop of Durham Rt Revd Robert Neville as the first Dean of Darlington in 1439.
A major restoration took place in 1864-65 by the architects George Gilbert Scott of London and James Pigott Pritchett of Darlington.
The estimated costs of the works were £1,590 () and William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland gave £500 () towards the restoration.
The work involved removal of the galleries and ceilings, the opening out of the gable windows in the nave and transepts, the rearranging of the pews, and the replacing of several stalls which had been destroyed.
The main work was the restoration of the chancel where the piscina and armoury were restored, the sedilia restored to their original depth, the floor laid with encaustic tiles and eleven stained glass windows inserted.
Later work by Binns Fitton & Haley and Bishop & Son in 1987 has resulted in a 38 stop 3 manual and pedal organ.
She was born to merchant Jacob Bierring (1783-1865) and Cathrine Gemynthe (1790-1869) and married factory owner Rasmus Peter Ipsen (1815-1860) in 1843.
She was an active partner in the development of the business, and took over the management herself when she became a widow in 1860.
The business became internationally famous during her period as manager and she exported to Paris and London and participated in international exhibitions.
Since 1974 he has been an assistant professor, in 1984 he was elected associate professor, and since 1996 he has been a professor in the Department of New and Contemporary History of the Faculty of History of Sofia University.
Apart from its main campus in Pilar, it operates in three cities of the neigbour Misiones Department: San Ignacio, San Juan Bautista and Ayolas.
Also, in Asunción, a subsidiary operates in the premises of the Institute of Comparative Studies in Criminal and Social Sciences of Paraguay (INECIP-Py) thanks to an inter-institutional cooperation agreement.
Morrow was a partner in J.P. Morgan & Co., served as United States Ambassador to Mexico from 1927-1930, and was a US Senator from New Jersey from 1930-1931.
On 13 October 1945, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Mobile, Alabama, with an estimated $37,500 in damage.
Mark Kiessling (born February 14, 2000), better known as Jumex (stylized in all caps), is an American singer, rapper, songwriter and guitarist from Chicago.
Born in Brookfield and raised in the countryside, he grew up listening to punk bands like Black Flag and Operation Ivy as well as blues, grunge, psychedelic rock, and emo.
Later in 2019 he toured Japan, invited by Japanese metalcore band Crossfaith to share the stage with them as well as Vein and Injury Reserve.
In September he opened for Yungblud at the Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles, and in November performed at the Day N Vegas Festival.
He is known for his work on discovering and restoring Sikh and Hindu religious places left in Pakistan after 1947 Partition of Punjab.
Each player tries to accumulate the greatest number of gems by the end of either fifteen hands for a three-player game, or twenty hands for a four-player game.
At the end of the hand (five tricks), the Dragonmaster deals another hand of five cards, and play continues as before.
At the end of a round (five hands), the role of Dragonmaster passes to the player to the left of the current dealer.
If the power play is successful, the other players must pay that player a number of jewels, and the player becomes the Dragonmaster for the rest of the round.
If the player with the Dragon card does not want to attempt a powerplay, all players except the current Dragonmaster can secretly attempt to meet the powerplay conditions listed on the back of one of the hand cards, with the same rewards or penalties as the Advanced game.
He is well known in Bulgarian historiography for removing the lower boundary of the Bulgarian Renaissance from 1762 or from the writing of Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya - until the beginning of the 18th century with the end of the Köprülü era.
In this way Gandev, who was also historian of the Ottoman Empire, introduced a new conceptualism in Bulgarian history, namely continuity and communion with the history of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries, including earlier ones during the Komnenos era.
He led the team at four major international tournaments, the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, 1996 Summer Olympics, 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2000 Summer Olympics.
889 Broadway, also known as the Gorham Manufacturing Company Building, is a Queen Anne style building located at Broadway and East 19th Street in the Flatiron District of Manhattan in New York City, within the Ladies' Mile Historic District.
889 Broadway served as a retail store for the Gorham Manufacturing Company, a major manufacturer of sterling and silverplate, until 1905.
The stories above the second floor were originally rented as bachelor apartments until Gorham expanded into the rest of the building.
In 1977, the original layout was restored, and in 1984, the building was designated an official city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.
Peter purchased three lots along Broadway's eastern sidewalk, bounded by 19th Street to the south and 20th Street to the north, where the adjacent 900 Broadway is now located.
While Broadway below 14th Street, at Union Square, was known as an upscale residential district, the section to the north did not see similar development, and the most opulent residence on this stretch would be Peter Goelet's residence on 19th Street, which stood until 1897.
Any residential usages were quickly supplanted by commercial ventures, which at the time were quickly expanding along this section of Broadway.
Upon acquiring their uncles' land, Robert and Ogden Goelet wished to build a new structure, hiring Edward Hale Kendall to design a new building on the northwest corner of 20th Street and Broadway.
The Goelet brothers originally intended their new development as a mixed-use building, with the first and second floors used for retail and the rest intended for residential use.
Kendall, who had used different architectural styles for his previous buildings, might have picked the Queen Anne style as being more suitable for a structure that contained apartments over retail space.
The retail space was rented out by the Gorham Manufacturing Company, a silver-making company of Providence, Rhode Island, which opened its New York City store in 889 Broadway's first and second floors in May 1884.
In 1888, Gorham expanded its commercial space; the third floor was converted to a silver plate-engraving room and the fourth floor became a salesroom.
B. Altman and Company moved in 1906 to 355-371 Fifth Avenue, between 34th and 35th Streets, diagonally across from the present Empire State Building.
The Gorham Company moved later the same year to 390 Fifth Avenue, a block north at 36th Street, which had opened in September 1905.
The building was converted by John H. Duncan in 1912 into lofts and offices, removing a corner tower and adding roof dormers.
In 1977, it was restored to its original configuration, with a retail store on the ground floor and the remaining floors made into cooperative apartments.
The building was designated a New York City landmark on June 19, 1984, and was designated again as part of the Ladies' Mile Historic District in 1989.
The building is unusual in that it is one of relatively few commercial buildings in the Queen Anne style within New York City.
First used in the United States in the 1860s, the Queen Anne style included such features as asymmetric brick facades, stone decorative trim, elaborate ornamentation, and roofs interrupted by dormers or gables.
Along Broadway, the original three-bay facade on the first floor was replaced in 1912 with the current five-bay-wide storefront, made of limestone.
On the second story, the windows are made of arched frames inside rectangular openings, except for the center bay on Broadway, where there are three sash windows.
Above the lower two stories, the window bays on the Broadway facade contain similarly-designed sash windows, except that the center bay is narrower.
On the 19th Street facade, all of the window bays contain one sash window per floor on the third through seventh floors.
Going from Broadway, the first, fourth, and seventh columns of windows are identical to each other and contain black iron window frames.
Notable features of both facades include segmental arches above the fifth floor of several bays, as well as carved scroll motifs and slightly projecting piers.
The dormers are located above all three window bays along Broadway, and above the first, fourth, and seventh window bays along 19th Street.
The building was named for the Gorham Manufacturing Company, a major manufacturer of sterling and silverplate, and was a successor to the former Gorham Manufacturing Company Building at 889 Broadway.
It was then home to Russeks department store from 1924 to 1959, and then Spear Securities from 1960, who changed the street level facade.
It was designated a New York City landmark in 1998, after the lower floors were significantly altered from their original design.
In 1884, the Gorham Manufacturing Company opened its New York City showroom on 889 Broadway, at 19th Street in the Ladies' Mile Historic District.
Development was centered on Fifth Avenue north of 34th Street, where new department store buildings were quickly replacing the street's brownstones.
In 1903, its president Edward Holbrook leased the future site of 390 Fifth Avenue, at the southwest corner with 36th Street.
Because the building was not intended to host any other tenants, 390 Fifth Avenue was designed entirely to the Gorham Manufacturing Company's specifications.
Fireproofing was considered especially important due to the value of Gorham's merchandise; when it opened, one journal estimated that while the building was worth $1.25 million (equal to about $ million in ), its merchandise was worth twice as much.
Prior to moving in to the property, Russeks made major changes, which included adding reinforced concrete floors, as well as a new shop window, and expanding a four-story section of the building on 36th Street to eight stories.
The next year, 384 Fifth Avenue was connected to 390 Fifth Avenue internally, and the facade of the former was rebuilt with a limestone base and ground-floor display windows.
Russeks continued to occupy the building until 1959, when the company announced the closure of their Fifth Avenue store after five years of losses.
The building's colonnade and carved-marble sheets were removed as part of the renovation, and a glass facade was installed along the lower stories.
Herbert Tannenbaum, the architect in charge of the renovation, later said that he had wanted to save the carved marble and the colonnade.
Twenty-six years later, the building and its lease were given to 390 Fifth LLC, a limited liability company affiliated with the Schwalbe family.
390 Fifth Avenue is an eight-story building, designed in an early Italian Renaissance Revival style, with a facade of granite and white limestone.
Along Fifth Avenue and 36th Street (respectively located to the east and north), the facade is made up of three horizontal segments: the base on the lowest two stories; the middle four stories; and the loggia-like attic section on the highest two stories.
Most of the easternmost arch on 36th Street, and all of the arches on Fifth Avenue, were replaced with a storefront composed of an aluminum and glass grid.
The remaining arches on 36th Street were preserved, with the main entrance to the building being located within the westernmost arch.
There are six bays on the upper floors on the Fifth Avenue facade, and 14 such bays on the 36th Street facade.
On the Fifth Avenue side, there is a balcony spanning the two middle bays on the fifth floor, and on the 36th Street facade, another balcony spans the four center bays on the fifth floor.
The base is composed of a storefront, topped by three sets of sash windows, corresponding to the height of the base in the original building.
When the building was erected, Gorham supplied the bronze ornamentation for the facade on the top floors, fifth-floor balconies, and ground level, manufactured to designs by White.
The copper cornice at the top of the building, once having been polychrome and gilded, has corroded to a green color.
On the cornice above the sixth floor of the Fifth Avenue facade, there is a frieze, with a cartouche in the center flanked by a pair of lions.
Custom designs were shown on the second floor, while bronze objects and ecclesiastical and hotel merchandise were located on the third floor.
Yale can trace its ice hockey history back to 1893, however, it wasn't until 1986 that they played their first intercollegiate match.
Malcolm Chace, who was also a nationally-ranked tennis player, founded the Yale men's team in his senior year, serving as both captain and manager of the club.
As there were no on-campus facilities capable of supporting an ice rink the team played all of their games on the road.
Because there was no governing body overseeing the structure of the season, all games played by Yale are counted for their historical record.
Komotini railway station () is a railway station that servers the city of Komotini, in Rhodope in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.
The station (as of 2019) is staffed, but only at peak times, but has waiting rooms and a bus stop in the forecourt.
Services from Thessaloniki and Alexandroupolis were cut back from six to just two trains a day, reducing the reliability of services, and passenger numbers.
In January 2019 services between Komotini and Alexandroupolis were suspended after a local river burst its banks in the area near the village of Venna, a rail replacement bus service was commenced.
Between July 2005 and February 2011 the Friendship Express, (an international InterCity train jointly operated by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) and TrainOSE S.A. linking Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, Turkey and Thessaloniki, Greece) made scheduled stops at Komotini.
Taborda was the head coach of the Colombia women's national team at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics.
Barcellos was the head coach of the Brazil women's national team at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics.
Her role involved policy analysis for Members of Parliament working on the Environment and Sustainable Development Committee, and the Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs.
In 2010 Stokes moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned a Master's degree and a doctorate under the supervision Lawrence Susskind.
She has also looked at what determines public opinion in particular states, and how the design and presentation of Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) changes public support for a particular policy.
She has written for The Guardian, The Washington Post, The New York Times and The Los Angeles Times, and her work is regularly cited in the media, including in The Washington Examiner, Mashable, New Hampshire Public Radio, the National Observer, and E&E News.
Enow was the head coach of the Cameroon women's national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.
She has a degree from the University of Jaffna and masters degrees in disaster management and business administration from the University of Peradeniya and Rajarata University of Sri Lanka.
Following the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War Charles was the senior civil servant in charge of the internment camps for 300,000 residents from Vanni.
She was removed from the post in January 2019, allegedly after refusing to give into government pressure in respect of investigations into 143 suspicious cargo containers.
Georges Creek forms at the confluence of Askon Hollow and White Oak Hollow about 0.5 miles east of Fairchance in Fayette County.
Georges Creek drains of area, receives about 44.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 370.59, and has an average water temperature of 10.50°C.
He was the head coach of the Colombia women's national team at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2012 Summer Olympics.
Libor Zábranský jr. (born 26 May 2000) is a Czech ice hockey defender currently playing for the Moose Jaw Warriors of the Western Hockey League (WHL).
Mary Reynolds Aldis (1872–1949) was an American playwright and figure in the little theater movement who founded a small theater outside Chicago in the early 1910s.
In 1892, she married the Arthur Taylor Aldis, a Chicago lawyer and real estate investor, and together settled in Lake Forest, Illinois, a wealthy area north of Chicago.
Aldis was a prominent figure in the second wave of the Chicago Renaissance, a literary period between 1910 and the mid-1920s.
Their Lake Forest residence became known as an artists' colony, where she converted a guest house into a small, 90-seat theater near her home.
Aldis hosted plays by Lady Gregory, William Butler Yeats, John Millington Synge, and arranged for Augusta, Lady Gregory, of the Irish Abbey Theatre to perform in Chicago.
Isabella Molyneux, Countess of Sefton, formerly Viscountess Molyneux, (née Lady Isabella Stanhope; c. 1748 – 29 January 1819) was a British peeress and society figure.
Lady Isabella Stanhope was the second child of William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington and Lady Caroline FitzRoy, a daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton.
On 27 November 1768 she married Charles Molyneux, 8th Viscount Molyneux, the future 1st Earl of Sefton in the Peerage of Ireland.
St. Gallen Haggen railway station () is a railway station in the Bruggen neighborhood of St. Gallen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
As of January 31, there has been 28 shootings that fit this criteria, resulting in 38 deaths and 112 injuries, for a total of 150 victims.
Gun Violence Archive, a nonprofit research group that tracks shootings and their characteristics in the United States, defines a mass shooting as an incident in which four or more people, excluding the perpetrator(s), are shot in one location at roughly the same time.
Stanford University MSA Data Project: three or more persons shot in one incident, excluding the perpetrator(s), at one location, at roughly the same time.
The statistics columns for each month are updated after the month ends, in an effort to make sure the correct number of events, individuals affected, and descriptions are accurate.
Ismaila was the head coach of the Nigeria women's national team at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics.
Konstantinidou began her career as a footballer, playing as a centre-forward for Olympiad Thessaloniki and Thessaloniki '80 from 1979 to 1983.
She began her coaching career with the Profodou Nafpaktos men's team from 1985 to 1987, before managing Olympiad '96 from 1987 to 1989.
From 1990 to 1999, she coached the women's team of in the Greek A Division, winning the league title in the 1996–97 season.
Konstantinidou was the technical adviser of the Greece women's national team from 2000 until 2002, before coaching the team from 2002 to 2004.
She took charge of 57 matches of the team, finishing with a record of 19 wins, 12 draws and 26 losses.
She graduated from the School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, having specialised in football.
She received a master's degree in coaching from the school's postgraduate study program in 2001, and earned a PhD from the Department of Physical Education of the Democritus University of Thrace.
From 1993 to 1998 she taught at the Democritus University of Thrace, and at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki since 2001.
Artashes Emin (, born January 04, 1961 in Yerevan) is an Armenian translator, essayist, member of Writers Union of Armenia, International Association of Conference Interpreters (2005), Armenian Conference Interpreters Association (ACIA), Armenian P.E.N.
During this period he interpreted a variety of interdisciplinary topics on Chemistry, Genetics, Ophthalmology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Cardiology, Pediatrics, Urban Planning, Post-Modernism, Roman Baroque Art, Genocide Prevention, Criminal Justice, Renewable Energy, Innovation, Internal audit, Seismology, Ecumenism, Disaster Risk Reduction, etc.
He later coached various teams, including Canberra City Griffins youth, Downer Olympic, Canberra Croatia Reserves and Canberra City, and led football at the ACT Academy of Sport and Australian Institute of Sport.
He was also the coach of the Belconnen Blue Devils during the 2003–04 NSW Premier League season, earning the coach of the year award.
Anthony Pittman (born November 24, 1996) is an American football linebacker for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL).
Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the Elaine race riot in Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 blacks and 5 whites were killed.
Other major events of Red Summer were the Chicago race riot and Washington D.C. Race Riot, which caused 38 and 39 deaths, respectively.
While shaken he was able to make it to a phone and called the authorities who quickly created a posse led by Deputy Sheriff Boss W.E.
When Deputy Sheriff Boss Dozier and his posse had information that the man they were looking in was in a house about four from Pittsview, Alabama.
As they approached the house, on December 29, 1920, they were fired upon by the men inside wounding several men of the posse.
Gantzhorn played for Odense, and appeared for the team in the 1978–79 European Cup on 27 September 1978 against Bulgarian club Lokomotiv Sofia, which finished as a 1–2 away loss.
Simonsson began his managerial career with Dingtuna GIF and IFK Västerås, before becoming coach of the Gideonsbergs IF women's team of the Damallsvenskan in 1990.
In 1992, he became the manager of the Sweden women's national team, coaching the team at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup and 1996 Summer Olympics.
It emphasized that happiness could only be attained through living a life of virtue, particularly one characterized by the interconnected virtues of wisdom, self-control and personal independence.
Although largely forgotten through the Christianization of Scandinavia, Old Norse philosophy has had a profound impact on the patterns of thought of modern Scandinavians.
Old Norse philosophy appears to have been a largely indigenous in origin, having developed in relative isolation independent of outside influences.
Scholars, such as Guðmundur Finnbogason and Sveinbjorn Johnson, have pointed out striking similarities between Old Norse philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy, in particular that of Homer and Aristotle.
Similarly to ancient Greek philosophy, Old Norse philosophy was independent of influence from religious dogma, and emphasized that human nature was the foundations on which the pillars of moral philosophy must rest.
A man was to be a faithful friend, and was not to be on friendly terms with the friends of his enemies.
In accordance to Old Norse philosophy, it was foolish to lay awake at night thinking about ones troubles, as this made one less able to deal with the problem the next day.
Despite belonging to a warrior culture, Old Norse philosophy emphasizes that even the lame, the armless, the deaf, and the blind have a particular place in society.
Although the Norse eventually converted to Christianity and adopted Christian ethics, the spirit of Old Norse philosophy has left a profound legacy among later Scandinavians.
The Middlesex Railroad (later renamed to the Boston Consolidated Street Railway) was an early street railway company that operated in the Boston, Massachusetts area in the mid-nineteenth century.
The Middlesex Railroad was founded on April 29, 1854 by an act of the Massachusetts state legislature, with Asa Fisk, Richard Downing, and David Kimball being the original corporators.
The initial route proposed for the company was for a line running from one or more points in Somerville down to Charlestown Square (now City Square) in Charlestown, then continuing into Boston via the Warren Bridge and proceeding as far as Haymarket Square before returning to Charlestown via the Charles River Bridge.
The Somerville portion of the line went unrealized (with the rights to build in that town eventually being conveyed to the Somerville Horse Railroad), but work on the Charlestown and Boston components of the route was commenced in October 1856, and on March 6 of the following year the first car was run from Charlestown Neck to the corner of Stillman and Charlestown (now North Washington) streets in Boston.
In its first years the Middlesex recorded no direct passenger traffic as its road was leased to the Malden and Melrose Railroad, which furnished the equipment and handled operations.
Eventually, however, the Middlesex acquired a controlling interest in the Malden and Melrose, and at the end of March 1862 the latter agreed to provide the Middlesex with a forty-two year grant for exclusive use of its tracks.
At the same time, the company stepped into leases formerly held by the Malden and Melrose, by which it additionally gained control of the lines of the Medford and Charlestown, the Somerville Horse, and the Boston and Chelsea railroads.
Use of the Boston and Chelsea was soon however transferred to the Lynn and Boston Railroad, while operation of the Somerville Horse was eventually divided with the Union Railroad.
By the mid-1860s the Middlesex constituted one of the four principal street railways of the Boston area, together with the Metropolitan, Union/Cambridge, and South Boston.
In 1865 the company reported an annual passenger count of 2.8 million (excluding passengers counted by lessor lines), which increased to 4.4 million by 1875 and 7.6 million in 1885.
In 1870 the Middlesex consolidated with the Suburban Railroad Company, and a decade later it did the same with the Medford and Charlestown.
In August 1886 the Middlesex and the Highland Street Railway agreed to consolidate and form the Boston Consolidated Street Railway, with Charles Edward Powers of the Middlesex serving as president and Moody Merrill of the Highland as vice president.
With the merger, the new company became the second largest street railway operating in Boston (after the Metropolitan), and the addition of the Highland lines extended operations southward into the neighborhoods of the South End and Dorchester.
In 1887 the West End Street Railway gained a controlling interest in the Boston Consolidated as part of its general plan to unite the public streetcars of Boston under one company.
The Zhao Jianmin Spy Case (), or Zhao Jianmin Wrong Case (), was a major fabricated spy case in Yunnan province during the Chinese Cultural Revolution, with more than 1.387 million people implicated and persecuted, which accounted for 6% of the total population in Yunnan at the time.
From 1968–1969, more than 17,000 people died in massacre while 61,000 people were crippled for life; in Kunming (the capital of Yunnan) alone, 1,473 people were killed and 9,661 people were disabled.
In March, 1967, Zhao Jianmin, then the provincial communist party secretary of Yunnan, suggested to Kang Sheng in person that the Communist Party of China (CPC) should resolve the issues in Cultural Revolution in a democratic manner, receiving no immediate response from the latter.
However, Kang Sheng snitched on Zhao to Mao Zedong afterwards, claiming that Zhao was against the Central Committee of CPC, against Chairman Mao, and against the Cultural Revolution.
Tan Furen, a lieutenant general in the People's Liberation Army, was in charge of the massive persecution after Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of CPC sent him to Yunnan to direct local affairs.
After the Cultural Revolution, Zhao Jianmin was officially rehabilitated and became a vice director of the Third Ministry of Machine Building.
In his motives for this historical work, as a non-Bulgarian /Transylvanian Saxon/ he points out that it was mainly Greeks who often experienced the power of Bulgarians who spoke about Bulgarian affairs little and accidentally and often concealed the truth.
The men's discus throw event at the 1991 Summer Universiade was held at the Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield on 23 July 1991.
In the adventure, the players' characters find themselves trapped in the Dreamlands, and in order to escape, must seek out a rival and repair the damage he has done to the Dreamlands.
Though the team had lost its founder and driving force to graduation (Malcolm Greene Chace), Yale continued to support it's men's hockey team.
The second season saw a series of firsts for the program, including its first home game, its first game against an eventual Ivy League member and its first losing season.
The Alydar Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in early August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York.
His will dated 25 September 1665 left money to the people of weymouth, to provide for the apprenticing of 3 boys, the payment of a pension to 10 seamen who had reached 60 and the preaching of an annual sermon at a service to be held of the Friday before Palm Sunday each year at which trustees, apprentices and seamen should attend.
The money which was invested together with the income from the rental of The George Inn, still funds a charity today that follows Mico's wishes called the Sir Samuel Mico Charities which is managed under the umbrella of Weymouth Town Charities.
He spent his playing career in Kongsvinger IL from 1982 through 1983 and 1986 through 1988, as well as lesser teams Grue IL and Kjellmyra IL.
He was the head coach of the Norway women's national team from 2000 to 2004, including at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Sykes graduated from the University of Arizona in 1982 and since that time has worked in electric power industry at System Protection and Test and at Pacific Gas and Electric Company in San Francisco, California, where he also served as senior manager.
During 1990s, he was with RTU/SCADA systems in Arizona and in 2000 became an inventor of IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Events messaging.
Ricardo Petty (born 21 January 1996) is an Anguillan footballer who plays as a forward for Salsa Ballers FC and the Anguilla national football team.
Mina Vahid (, born January 8, 1987 in Rasht, Iran) is an Iranian actress.Best Lead Actress in a Short Film Kermchaleh (2019).
Mina Vahid made her cinematic debut in 2012 with the movie ‘Receiver’ and has since appeared in more than 30 cinematic and television and Theater projects.
She demonstrated her talent with her performance in the movie ‘Dorane Asheghi’(2015).The film that nominated for the ten Crystal Simorghs from the Fajr Festival.
It is compiled weekly by broadcast monitoring service Media Forest, and measures the airplay of songs on radio stations and television channels throughout the country.
Since its launch on 26 February 2012, the Airplay 100 has been broadcast each Sunday as a podcast on Kiss FM hosted by Cristi Nitzu.
The chart replaced the Romanian Top 100, which was also based on airplay data and had a similar compilation, in 2012.
Bystritsky was the head coach of the Russia women's national team at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup.
He was president of the Racing Society between 1929 and 1933 and the Yacht Club from 1932 until 1940 and also headed the Society of Tahitian Youth.
Iorss was elected to the Territorial Assembly in the Papeete constituency in the 1953 elections as a representative of the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance.
It was first deployed in 1941 and was active as part of various armies under Army Group Centre until 1944, when it was destroyed during the Soviet Red Army operations Bagration and Kutuzov in June and July 1944.
All of its divisions were destroyed and all but a few of the soldiers were killed or captured by the Soviet Union.
A new unit named LIII Army Corps was subsequently deployed in December 1944, when it was assigned to 7th Army and fought on the western front until surrendering to United States Army forces in April 1945.
In the early days of the fighting, LIII Army Corps stayed as part of 4th Army's reserve, but assisted German advances in Belarus, including at the Battle of Białystok–Minsk, when LIII Army Corps assisted the army group's right flank at Malaryta.
On 25 October 1941, LIII Army Corps, still under the command of Weisenberger, became part of 2nd Panzer Army, commanded by Heinz Guderian.
LIII Army Corps joined 2nd Panzer Army at the Oka River on 26 October and assisted the 4th Army on 2nd Panzer Army's left flank in defensive operations against Russian counterattacks.
Red Army movements east of 2nd Panzer Army led Guderian to then redeploy LIII Army Corps to the right flank at the line between Yepifan and Stalinogorsk.
LIII Army Corps, advancing some 9 kilometers north of Spasskoye-Penkova, met heavy Soviet resistance in the form of two cavalry divisions, five rifle divisions and a tank brigade that were approaching from Yefremov towards Tula with the intention to attack XXIV Army Corps units that were bogged down south of Tula.
The Soviet forces were surprised by the presence of LIII Army Corps just as LIII Army Corps was surprised by the sudden arrival of heavy Soviet forces, and a battle was fought between the 3 November and 13 November.
In the meantime, the bitter winter of 1941 was starting to cause serious casualties to German infantry formations, as infantry companies were reduced in fighting strength by the effects of the cold temperature and hostile weather.
After several days of relentless Soviet attacks, leaving 167th Infantry Division heavily battered, Guderian judged the defensive value of LIII Army Corps as only limited.
By 5 August, 11th Panzer Division and 26th Infantry Division were transferred to LIII Army Corps, whereas 134th Infantry Division was transferred away.
These divisions were joined until 5 November by 134th Infantry Division, which returned to the corps after being transferred away in July, as well as 52nd Infantry Division, which had been part of LIII Army Corps during the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, and 293rd Infantry Division.
On 1 January 1943, LIII Army Corps, still part of 2nd Panzer Army, consisted of 25th, 112th, 134th, 293rd and 296th Infantry Divisions.
By 9 April, 134th Infantry Division and 296th Infantry Division had been transferred to LV Army Corps, and 211th Infantry Division joined LIII Army Corps from Corps Scheele.
By 7 July, 112th Infantry Division, part of the division since January 1942, was transferred away and 208th Infantry Division joined LIII Army Corps.
All divisions, including the 25th, 208th, 211th and 293rd Infantry Divisions, were assigned to other army corps, whereas the LIII Army Corps was tasked with overseeing 20th Infantry Division and 34th Infantry Division, as well as 26th Infantry Division, which was already part of LIII Army Corps once before, between July and October 1942.
By September 1943, LIII Army Corps was unassigned from 2nd Panzer Army and put into Army Group Centre's reserve, in preparation for a transfer to 3rd Panzer Army.
These divisions were subsequently transferred to VI Army Corps, whereas LIII Army Corps was assigned 3rd and 4th Luftwaffe Field Divisions in December 1943.
3rd and 4th Luftwaffe Field Divisions were joined by 2nd and 6th Luftwaffe Field Divisions, as well as 14th, 129th, and 197th Infantry Divisions, by 1 January 1944.
Instead, LIII Army Corps was joined by 20th Panzer Division, previously part of the corps in 1942, and once again by 246th Infantry Division, which had been part of VI Army Corps in the meantime.
By 3 of March, 20th Panzer Division had been transferred away to 9th Army's LV Army Corps, whereas 197th Infantry Division now joined VI Army Corps.
95th Infantry Division was transferred away by 15 April 1944 with no replacement, leaving LIII Army Corps with 4th and 6th Luftwaffe Field Divisions as well as 206th and 246th Infantry Divisions.
When the Soviet Operation Kutuzov hit LIII Army Corps beginning on 12 July, the Soviet troops advanced with an artillerity density of more than 200 guns per kilometer of front, whereas LIII Army Corps could only offer 1.7 barrelled weapons per kilometer as a resistance.
3rd Panzer Army fell into military disaster in the Vitebsk salient, where it was ordered to stand its ground against overwhelming Soviet forces instead of mounting a fighting retreat.
This came as a result of a direct order from Adolf Hitler and could thus not be overruled by local military commanders.
Friedrich Gollwitzer, commander of LIII Army Corps, decided to disobey Hitler's orders and attempt to escape with his forces towards German positions.
The final breakout attempt and the last signal from LIII Army Corps was received in the early morning hours of 27 June, when large parts of the corps attempted the westwards breach through Soviet-controlled areas that were now 80 kilometers deep.
While there was an initial order given on 26 July 1944 to use the remnants of LIII Army Corps to reinforce XXXXI Panzer Corps, the remainders of the corps were instead mostly transferred to the Waffen-SS and used by XII SS Army Corps.
LIII Army Corps surrendered to United States Army troops on 15 April 1945 near Menden, then under command of Fritz Bayerlein.
For the first time the Elis played a majority of their games against fellow college programs as well as play most of their games at home.
Founded in Huntington Beach, California in 1986 by Jim Talaric and Jim Barber, the company pioneered new methods of manufacture using polymers (a urethane elastomer) rather than fiberglass, as well as the 2010s trend to begin having lines of fuller-figured and more natural body sizes.
By 2006, the company was producing more than 50,000 mannequins per year, with 110 employees, and their clients included Victoria's Secret, Banana Republic, REI, Chico's, The Gap, and Old Navy.
, the company makes a variety of custom-designed mannequins to fit the particular clothing product lines of designers and stores, a practice that has substantially reduced costs for large department stores, as well as played a role in the industry changes that no longer require the specialty mannequin dresser job.
It employs several fine-art trained artists as sculptors to make the many custom models they produce for various clothing product retailers.
Moser earned a Bachelor of Arts at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and studied at Universitaet zu Koeln in Cologne, Germany.
He has served at seven United States Missions overseas, including as United States Ambassador to Moldova from 2011 to 2015, and in senior leadership positions at the United States Department of State.
Moser previously served in Kazakhstan in 1996, in the then-Embassy in Almaty as a management officer and then as energy attaché.
Akeem Stewart (born 4 July 1992) is a Trinidad and Tobago Paralympic athlete competing in F43/F44-classification discus throw, javelin throw and shot put events.
He represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2016 Summer Paralympics where he won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw F44 event and the silver medal in the men's discus throw F44 event.
In 2011 he competed at the CARIFTA Games held in Montego Bay, Jamaica where he won two medals in the junior under-20 events: the silver medal in the discus throw event and the bronze medal in the shot put event.
He competed at the 2013 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics where he finished in 4th place in the shot put event.
In this year he also competed in the 2014 NACAC U23 Championships in Athletics where he won the bronze medal in the shot put event.
In 2015 he represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2015 Parapan American Games and he won two gold medals: in the men's discus throw F44 event and in the men's javelin throw F44 event.
In the same year he also competed in the 2015 World Championships and he won the bronze medal in the men's discus throw F44 event.
In 2017 he competed in the 2017 World Championships winning the gold medal in both the shot put F44 and javelin throw F44 events.
In 2018 he represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and he did not win a medal on this occasion.
In 2019 he won the gold medal in the men's discus throw F64 event at the 2019 Parapan American Games held in Lima, Peru.
He also set a new world record of 63.70m He also won the silver medal in the men's javelin throw F64 event.
The college is composed of six departments: biomedical, chemical and biochemical, civil and environmental, electrical and computer, industrial, and mechanical engineering.
The anime television series The Laughing Salesman is based in on the Japanese manga series of the same name created by Fujiko A. Fujio.
The first animated series was produced by Shin-Ei Animation and commenced screening on TBS on 17 October 1989 and extended for three seasons with a total of 117 episodes which included 9 specials and 1 prologue pilot.
The names of the characters in the summaries are written in the Japanese order because it is significant to obtain the alternate meaning or reference when both names are read aloud.
Produced by Shin-Ei Animation, it was directed by Hirofumi Ogura, with Naohiro Fukushima, Asami Ishikawa and Midori Natsu writing the scripts and Kohei Tanaka composing the music.
The anime consists of remakes of some of the previous stories, adaptations of previously unadapted manga stories, as well as original content.
He served as the program director of Alberta Soccer, before becoming the first head coach of the Canada women's national team in 1986.
He later returned from 1996 to 15 August 1999, coaching the team at the 1998 CONCACAF Women's Championship, which Canada won, and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.
He earned a degree in marketing from the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, and a Bachelor of Education from the University of Alberta in 1985.
Keeler had affairs with the politician John Profumo (1915–2006), Secretary of State for War, and the Soviet naval attaché and spy Captain Yevgeny Ivanov (1926–1994), resulting in the Profumo affair scandal in 1963.
In December 1962, Johnny Edgecombe (1932–2010), a former lover of Christine Keeler, fired five shots at the lock of 17 Wimpole Mews using a handgun that Keeler had given him, triggering events that led to the scandal.
Yesica Luciana Hernández Ferrando (born 16 September 1988) is a Uruguayan football manager and former player, who played as a midfielder.
It moved again to its current building, which was designed by Ernest Runtz and George Ford in the Queen Anne style, and which opened as the Victoria Hospital and Infirmary in 1909.
Although the number and level of skills are dependednt on the basic ability scores, the actual skills themselves are not; they are purchased from a list using a point-buy system.
The amount by which a wizard can affect any of the above is defined by the wizard's Mind ability, and how many character generation points the player spent on the relevant magical Aspect during character generation.
Although examples of spells are given in the rules, it is up to each player to invent spells by using the Aspects.
For instance, to make a magic shield, the wizard could use the Enhancement Aspect to increase the Body score of the air in front of the wizard.
Although the game is medieval fantasy, firearms are listed in order to give the gamemaster the ability to move the game into a different era and genre.
Bock-Côté is an alumnus of the Université de Montréal and Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), from which he received his PhD.
Bock-Côté is known for his advocacy of Quebec nationalism and free speech, and as a prominent critic of multiculturalism, anationalism and political correctness.
Isabella Campbell, Countess Cawdor of Castlemartin (née Lady Isabella Rachel Stanhope; born 1 October 1966) is a British fashion editor, stylist, and interior decorator.
Lady Isabella Stanhope was born on 1 October 1966 to William Stanhope, 11th Earl of Harrington and his third wife, Priscilla Margaret Cubitt.
She runs a location and production company from Cawdor, organizing photo shoots for magazines, ordering props for photo shoots, and casting actors for films.
Ramazan Emirhan Civelek (born 5 January 2000) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a rightback for Kayserispor, on loan from Galatasaray.
James Arthur Coan, Jr. (born July 11, 1969) is an American affective neuroscientist, clinical psychologist, writer, podcast host, human rights activist, and psychology professor at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, where he serves as director of the Virginia Affective Neuroscience Laboratory.
In 1991, as an undergraduate at the University of Washington, Coan designed the Lost in the Mall technique that successfully implanted false memories first in his little brother, then in several subjects in a formal experiment supervised by psychology professor Elizabeth Loftus, and finally in many more subjects in several replication experiments by other researchers.
Also as an undergraduate at UW, Coan began working in the marriage lab of psychology professor John Gottman, a collaboration that continued during Coan's doctoral work at the University of Arizona.
Coan helped Gottman refine and expand the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF), a method for coding human emotion based on close observation of facial expressions—including minute, subtle expressions rarely noticed by untrained observers.
Coan researched hand holding first as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and later as a professor at the University of Virginia.
Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Coan showed that holding hands with a spouse relieved subjects' anxiety in response to anticipated threats, and that the degree of relief correlated positively with self-reported relationship quality.
This work attracted national media attention, leading to a TED Talk and a recurring on-camera gig as a science expert on National Geographic Network's Brain Games science series.
Coan attracted additional national press coverage for replicating the soothing effect of spousal handholding with committed same-sex couples , and for showing similar effects with close relatives and friends.
Unlike most primates, human beings are prepared to have multiple kinds of caregivers, and we tend to cooperate reflexively with one another from an early age.
In April 2019, the New York Times consulted Coan on the psychology of physical boundaries in response to the Me Too movement as it applied to the campaign of Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.
Since 2017, Coan has hosted and produced the podcast Circle of Willis, where he interviews prominent scientists, including Lisa Feldmann Barrett, John Caciappo, Nilanjana Dasgupta, Lisa Diamond, Sue Johnson, Brian Nosek, Nicole Prause, Simine Vazire, David Sloan Wilson.
Coan's Circle of Willis podcast is supported by the Virginia Quarterly Review and the University of Virginia's Center for Media and Citizenship.
Then, Coan penned a Washington Post op-ed condemning family separation, and advised a Post reporter regarding the effects of family separation and no-touch policies on affected migrant children.
In August 2018, Coan joined an amicus brief on behalf of affected children, filed with the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.
Alexander Kardakov (, born October 5, 1964, Svitlovodsk, Kirovohrad Oblast) is a Ukrainian IT businessman, cybersecurity expert, PhD in Economics, founder of more than a dozen projects in both commercial and public policy fields; is working on building cyber defense systems in Ukraine.
In 1987 Alexander graduated from the Faculty of Electronic Engineering at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, at an electronic equipment engineer qualification.
The assets of Octava Capital are primarily in firms such as: Megatrade, E-Trade, MegaPlant (distribution), Author (cryptography), Accord Group and Octava Cyber Security (services) and others.
The mission of the Foundation is to promote the development of young people, start-ups and young managers in Ukraine, thus a number of training programs for talented young people and IT-specialists is organized.
The Macedonian refugees in Atalanti were a compact population from the Macedonia region, settled in the town of Atalanti after the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece.
Between February and March 1831, 150 captains with their men fled from Thessaloniki to southern parts of Greece and the government of Ioannis Kapodistrias received and accommodated them in Atalanti.
A royal decree of March 20, 1835, affirmed that 370 Macedonian refugees were granted the right to settle in Atalanti, freeing up 3.5 acres of state land for cultivation and food.
By royal decree of April 25, old style, or May 7, 1837, Macedonians were granted the right of self-government - in this case, against the existing local Greek community.
This provoked protest by the mayor and as a result the formation of two parallel self-governing communities, with no analogue in the territory of the Kingdom of Greece.
Henson's maternal grandmother, Chandesia, was the daughter of a chieftain of the Bagirmi people, in what is now Chad, when she was kidnapped.
But he decided to make his home in Canada after the passage of a law that allowed bounty hunters to seize any blacks they suspected were fugitive slaves.
In 1889, when John Frost wrote Henson's memoirs, based on his oral account of his life, the book's publication led to Henson re-uniting with his long-lost wife.
She owned and managed a famous coffee house in Copenhagen, which are known as the meeting place of the Det norske Selskab from 1772 to 1792.
She was a muse to many of the members of the society, and several poems are dedicated to her by its members.
After playing four years at Alabama, Hassenauer was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent on April 30, 2018.
He was waived on September 1 and signed to the practice squad the next day, where he spent most of the season.
After the season ended, Hassenauer signed with the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football, were he played eight games.
On November 20, he was signed to the Steelers' practice squad and was promoted to the active roster on December 24.
Tamarapa has a Master of Philosophy in Museum Studies from Massey University, a Bachelor of Māori Laws and Philosophy from Te Wānanga o Raukawa, Otaki and a Bachelor of Arts from Victoria University of Wellington, majoring in anthropology.
Tamarapa has been a guest speaker in the museum heritage studies post-graduate programme at Victoria University of Wellington for a number of years.
The Band of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery (abbreviated to Royal NZ Artillery Band) is a voluntary military band of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery.
It is based in the south eastern Auckland suburb of Panmure, and is part of the Army Reserve (Territorial Force), and his composed of part-time musicians.
After the arrival of the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot in 1845, many were discharged and transferred to the Band of the Auckland Volunteer Rifles, formed in 1858.
The Auckland City Council has also giveb financial assistance to the band, giving it in April 1970 a grant of $5,000 to establish a permanent rehearsal hall in the city.
During the civic parade of the 4 Troop, New Zealand Special Air Service in May 1971 organised to welcome home the units during the Vietnam War, protesters attempted to block the progress of the band through the city.
This was a result of a 2012 decision to stop public government funding from going to reserve bands, effectively dissolving bands such as the artillery band, which was then based in Maungarei.
In April 2013, bandmaster Dennis Schofield revealed a need for the band to expand, saying that an extra 10 members would be needed to join the then 26 members to meet its demands for services that follow over the five years that follow.
He began a career of newspaper work in 1894 and helped found the University of Oregon School of Journalism in 1917, later serving as acting dean and, from 1944-48, as dean.
He presented at the 15th annual Oregon State Editorial Association conference, which was described at the time as the most successful conference to date.
His son-in-law, Democratic bureaucrat and politician Ken Johnson, worked on a biography of Turnbull for about a year around the time of his death.
Gold from Weepah is a 1927 American silent western film directed by William Bertram and starring Bill Cody, Doris Dawson and Dick La Reno.
Sonia Aïssa is a professor in the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) of the Université du Québec, in the INRS Research Centre for Energy, Materials, and Telecommunications.
She won the gold medal in the women's individual C8 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and the same event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She has won numerous titles at the Asia and Oceania Championships (in 2009 and 2011), Asian Para Games (in 2010, 2014 and 2018) and the Asian Championships (in 2017 and 2019).
After the Second Schleswig War, most of these areas were, like the rest of Schleswig, ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia.
Flying Luck is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by Herman C. Raymaker and starring Monty Banks, Jean Arthur and Jack W. Johnston.
Alexander Mouret (born 14 May 1979) is a Dutch art historian, with a special interest in the interplay between diversity, technology and the visual arts.
In addition to his role as director of the Leiden International Film festival, Mouret has organized a number of other cultural initiatives, including ‘Brave New World’ (a festival that serves as a platform for both academics and artists to discuss challenges and opportunities that may arise as a result of technological advances).
In his capacity as manager for regional partnering at Leiden University, he is involved in various other regional and national cultural events and organisations, and serves as a member of the jury for the Icarus Award (for young artists who successfully span the fields of visual arts and technology) and as a member of the Supervisory Board of the Museon; a The Hague-based museum focusing on art and technology.
Ronald Penny, (28 December 1936 – 21 December 2019) was an Australian immunologist who made the first diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in Australia in 1982.
In 1960, Penny graduated with honours from Sydney Medical School, and undertook further study in haematology, oncology and immunology in Britain and the United States.
In 1967, he returned to Australia and began work at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, where he set up the first clinical immunology unit in New South Wales.
In October 1982, Penny and his team at St Vincent's made the first diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in Australia, just over a year after the first clinical reporting of the disease in the United States.
In addition to identifying sources of primary HIV infection, Penny also worked to address the community and public health aspects of the epidemic, from debunking misconceptions about the transmission of HIV and the resulting discrimination against homosexual men, and adjusting community behaviour to better control transmission such as condom use and safer intravenous drug use.
They include Fernand Léger, Florent Fels, Alberto Giacometti, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Jacques Lipchitz, and also André Derain, with a 1939 print of his portrait being held by London's National Portrait Gallery.
The Dubrovnik Charter is a document from 1230, by which the Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria gives the Dubrovnik merchants the right to trade freely in his country.
The charter contains information about the territorial expansion of the Second Bulgarian State after the Battle of Klokotnitsa, as well as valuable data on the status of the Middle Bulgarian language in the 13th century.
Letter from Naples (Italian: Lettera napoletana) is a 1954 Italian musical melodrama film directed by Giorgio Pastina and starring Giacomo Rondinella, Virna Lisi and Otello Toso.
A former financial advisor, he is best known for his black comedy stand-up acts, as well as for criticising political correctness.
On his dad's side, his grandmother was deported to Ravensbrück concentration camp and his grandfather was forced to enrol in the Wehrmacht during World War II.
Proust started writing comedy texts and doing stand-up across Switzerland and France in 2007, adopting his stage name as a reference to Marcel Proust.
Due to the show's success, it was played again in 2013 at the Théâtre Montparnasse and in 2014 at the Théâtre de la Madeleine; it was nominated at the 2015 Globe de Cristal Awards in the best one-man show category.
The champions of the KBF Premier League are eligible to play in the qualifying rounds of the Basketball Africa League (BAL).
During this golden era, with the club participating in 11 of the 13 editions of Tercera División until 1993, the club also played one edition of the Copa del Rey, being eliminated in the first round, despite achieving one draw against regional powerhouse Real Oviedo.
From 2009 to 2012, during the club's decline, Europa had a reserve team that promoted to a higher division than the main team.
Graves took over the lead when Brynner left the show, and after a two year run on Broadway, he joined a national tour.
In 2019, she became the first woman named the Country Music Association's Musician of the Year and the first fiddle player to win the award in over 20 years.
She sat in with a bluegrass band during a show and Larry Cordle asked her a few days later to perform with him.
That same year, she was nominated for, and awarded, the Country Music Association's Musician of the Year Award, the first for a woman.
That same year, she was nominated for the Academy of Country Music's Speciality Instrument Player of the Year Award, the only woman to ever be nominated for the award.
His previous positions include serving as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United States Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, from 2016 to 2017; Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs from 2015 to 2016; United States Consul General in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2009 to 2012; and as foreign policy advisor to United States military commanders, including two years of service in combat operations in Afghanistan.
Prior to being appointed an Ambassador he was the Principal Deputy High Representative, Office of the High Representative, in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
It is an intermediate station on the Bodensee–Toggenburg railway, the southern terminus of the Wil–Ebnat-Kappel railway, and the eastern terminus of the Uznach–Wattwil railway.
The Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center in Cincinnati is the second-largest research and development facility of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
The Environmental Research Center traces its lineage to activities of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) in Cincinnati since the 1850s.
A U.S. Marine Hospital was established in Cincinnati in 1882 in the former Kilgour Mansion, built around 1815 by David Kilgour.
The hospital closed in 1905, but the 1912 PHS law () led to the building being reopened as a Field Investigation Station for water pollution research.
1949 it was renamed the Environmental Health Center of the PHS as it expanded into air, industrial, and chemical pollution and radiological health research.
In 1966 the center was transferred to the Federal Water Quality Administration in the Department of the Interior, and in 1970 to the newly created Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The EPA consolidated these laboratories into 22 sites, with major research centers in Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park, Las Vegas, and Corvallis, Oregon.
At the time, there was no known full containment facility for the desired research on highly hazardous materials in the United States.
Annex 2, which was built to LEED Gold standards, consists of a north wing opened in 2007, and a west wing opened in 2008.
Notably, he was a member of the Council of States from 2007 to 2019, serving as the President of the Council from 2018 to 2019.
Previously, he was a member of the Grand Council of Valais from 1985 to 1997 and a Councillor of State of Valais from 1997 to 2009.
Fournier was elected as the President of the Council of States for the 2018–2019 term with 44 out of 45 votes.
The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in the city of Oxford, England, the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
Based on the Kids Can Press graphic novel series by Ashley Spires, the series premiered on Treehouse TV in Canada on September 7, 2019.
The series follows the adventures of Binky, a space cat who is on a mission to protect his human family (Big Human and Small Human) from any interstellar threats, with assistance from four pets in the P.U.R.S.T.
The series was picked up for 52 11-minute episodes (which was later changed to 26 22-minutes) and was set to be released in 2019.
The main building, a stable and a carriage house were listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1980.
The 11th Bleaching Pond Lot (later Blegdamsvej 82 and now Sortedams Dossering 55 and Ryesgade 48) of the 24 bleaching pond lots that lined the west side of Sortedam Lake was in around 1770 home to a ship sails factory owned by sailmaker Christian Brenøe (born c. 1734).
Brenøe took over the deliveries of ship sails to the Royal Danish Dockyard at Nyholm when the ship sails factory at Wodroffsgaard ran into difficulties in the late 1780s.
Master baker William Rubow acquired the property from Fibiger's widow in circa 1862 but sold it again to bookkeeper H. C. Hildebrandt.
In 1863, he charged Thorvald Sørensen (1849-1905), building inspector in Copenhagen's 2md district, with the design of a new factory building, a stable for six horses and a carriage house.
When Christian Nielsen finally got his villa in 1869 , it was built to a new design by Georg W. Møller.
Moeti decided to pursue the app based on her experience using her cell phone to organize against evictions in her northwest South African community of Rooigrond.
One of Moeti's campaigns led the South African government to fully subsidize the cost of the mandatory transition from analog to digital television for the poor.
Moeti was named an Obama Fellow for her work with the app and was selected for the 2019 Tech for Global Good cohort, both of which provided business resources for the app's expansion.
Tears of Love (Italian: Lacrime d'amore) is a 1954 Italian musical comedy film directed by Pino Mercanti and starring Achille Togliani, Katina Ranieri and Otello Toso.
As parts of counteractions of the 2019-20 Hong Kong protests, the Chinese government has controlled the Chinese media coverage and the discussions in Chinese social media regarding the protests.
The first two weeks of protests were largely ignored by Chinese state-run media, with no major stories published until 17 April.
The Chinese state-run media have accused foreign forces of interfering with domestic affairs and supporting the protesters; the accusations have in turn been criticised by those accused and third party observers.
On 2 September, People's Daily denounced the Facebook posts of Garic Kwok, the director of Hong Kong mooncake brand Taipan Bread and Cake, for supporting the protests.
On 19 August, both Twitter and Facebook announced that they had discovered what they described as large-scale disinformation campaigns operating on their social networks.
Most of the comments on Sina Weibo, including those from high-profile state media outlets, and the hashtag #Carrie Lam formally withdraws the extradition bill# were removed later.
Adin Ballou Underwood (May 19, 1828 – January 24, 1888) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
In 1862 he joined the new 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment as a Major and served in that unit; eventually becoming its Colonel in April 1863.
The wound healed slowly and when he returned to duty in 1865 he was medically unfit for field service, instead doing court-martial duty.
The Annals of the Heechee is a science fiction novel by the American writer Frederik Pohl, published in 1987 by Ballantine Books.
It is about a dead space explorer's machine-stored version who is trying to discover why the Assassins, a mysterious type of pure energy beings, are threatening the stability of the universe.
He was an assistant football coach at Dartmouth for a couple years and was the head football coach at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in 1903.
This album includes the hot single Está Llorando Mi Corazón which won the award for Regional Mexican Airplay of the Year by a Male Group at the 2005 Latin Billboard Music Awards.
In the 2020 New Year Honours, she was appointed a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to heritage preservation and governance.
This list contains only those championships that operate using the vehicle regulations launched by the FIA Single Seater Commission in March 2013.
Tripoli, Beautiful Land of Love (Italian: Tripoli, bel suol d'amore) is a 1954 Italian comedy war film directed by Ferruccio Cerio and starring Alberto Sordi, Lyla Rocco and Fulvia Franco.
They resent the newcomer because Maria the daughter of the marshal, who they are all in love with, has shown attention to the young man.
In particular he credits Peruvian guitarist Andrés Prado and Prince's drummer Michael Bland for showing him the nuances and cohesion of performing in an ensemble.
He started touring with Ben Rector and worked with a variety of artists including Bryan White, Brandon Heath and Dave Barnes.
The albums feature contributions by Phoebe Katis, Antwaun Stanley, Michael Bland, Sonny T., Ben Rector, Jon Batiste, Louis Cato, Nate Smith and others.
It was choreographed by Rudi van Dantzig for the Dutch National Ballet, with sets and costumes by Toer van Schayk, and premiered on 20 December 1961 in Amsterdam.
In the novel, humans use abandoned Heechee starships to explore space, while the Heechee aliens hide from a mysterious foe, the Kugel, in a black hole, all the while pursued by hate-crazed humans who are Heechee hunters.
The Heechee alien race developed advanced technologies, including spaceships, which have been found by humans, though people cannot figure out how the technologies work.
As such, when explorers set out on the preprogrammed Heechee ships, they might find themselves going to a lethal dead end, or they might end up discovering a valuable new location.
Two young explorers, Stan Avery and Estrella Pancorbo, set out on a preprogrammed Heechee ship, but they do not discover anything valuable.
Another human who hates the Heechee, Reverend Orbis McClune, has died, but the electronically-stored version of McClune has been purchased by Wan.
Zhangjiajie West Railway Station is one of the important hubs of Qianjiang-Changde Railway, Heng-Zhang-An Railway, ZhangJiHuai High-Speed Railway, and YiZhang High-Speed Railway.
On December 24, 2019, according to China National Railway Group Co., Ltd., Qianjiang-Changde Railway will be opened on December 26, 2019.
Lady Caroline was born on 8 April 1722, the fifth child of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton and Lady Henrietta Somerset, the daughter of Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester.
Lady Caroline and her husband were both notorious for their extramarital affairs, but they chose to stay married to prevent the scandal of divorce.
Due to her rather scandalous reputation in society, Lady Caroline was blackballed from The Female Coterie, an elite social group, affiliated with Almack's, for members of London's high society.
Lady Caroline instead founded her own group, The New Female Coterie, which included other members of the British upper class who were shunned by high society due to their reputations, particularly for women who had been guilty of committing adultery.
The nickname was a reference to Empress Messalina, the controversial wife of Roman Emperor Claudius, and to the Harrington home in St James's Park, located near the stable yard.
It is situated north of Kaslo, west of Invermere, immediately south of Starbird Pass, east of Mount Macduff, and its nearest higher peak is Jumbo Mountain, to the east.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in August 1911 by E. W. Harnden, M. Coffin, and J. Poorman via the southeast ridge.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Monica is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from Mount Monica and meltwater from its surrounding glaciers drains west into Glacier Creek which is a  tributary of the Duncan River, or east into Horsethief Creek, which is a tributary of the Columbia River.
The Church of the Good Shepherd on the shores of Lake Tekapo on the South Island of New Zealand is a small Anglican church used by various denominations.
Built in 1935 as a memorial church to commemorate early settlers, it is one of the most photographed items in the country.
The Fairlie cure extended up to Mount Cook Village and Davies realised that the Mackenzie Basin needed its own church; he first suggested this to parishioners in September 1933.
Davies also suggested that a large window should be incorporated so that there could be a view from within the church of the lake, based on the 1930 design of St James Church at Franz Josef on the West Coast.
The idea was taken up by various local runholders who thought that it would be an appropriate way of acknowledging and commemorating their pioneering ancestors.
The land for the building was given by the owners of Braemar Station, which is (mostly) located on the eastern shore of Lake Tekapo.
A generous amount of land belongs to the church so that the building will continue to be sited on its own.
The foundation stone for the church was laid by Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, on 16 January 1935, in the presence of the bishop of Christchurch, Campbell West-Watson, and vicar Davies.
Fred Trott won the construction tender, but the work was carried out by Les Loomes and Doug Rodman; the latter was engaged to Trott's daughter.
Audrey Barker had died in February 1935 aged 21, and the Barker and Sealy families donated the bell for the church, commemorating both Audrey Barker and her grandfather, Edward Sealy, who had explored many of the glaciers in the area during the 1860s.
The Australian oak shingles did not last in the harsh climate of the Mackenzie Basin and in 1957, the roof was covered with slate shingles instead.
On 5 September 1985, the building was registered by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now Heritage New Zealand) as a Category I structure, with register number 311.
The Church of the Good Shepherd is one of the most photographed items in New Zealand; photography within the building is no longer permitted as it interfered with worship.
Bud Ross (also known as Budd Ross) (1868 - 1932) was an American actor in comedy films in the United States.
He also served on the board of directors of Big Brother Big Sisters, Friends of Scouting with the Texoma Valley Boy Scouts and The Rehab Center.
James is a graduate of Toi Whakaari: New Zealand Drama School (Te Kura Toi Whakaari ō Aotearoa) earning a Bachelor of Performing Arts (Acting).
In 2012, Tito played Diomedes/Taiomete, in the te reo Māori version of Troilus and Cressida at the Globe Theatre, in London, alongside fellow Toi Whakaari graduates and Modern Māori Quartet bandmates, Maaka Pohatu (Ajax) and Matu Ngaropo (Achilles).
Charles Ferraro (born November 6, 1952) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 117th district since 2015.
The Ardenwald axe murders is an unsolved mass murder that occurred in the early morning of June 9, 1911 in Ardenwald, then a neighboring community of Portland, Oregon, United States.
The victims were the Hill family: William Hill, his wife Ruth, and Ruth's two children from a previous marriage, Philip and Dorothy.
Because both of the female victims were sexually assaulted, it was believed by authorities that the murders were motivated by sex and possibly the work of a sex maniac.
Nathan Harvey, a landowner who lived adjacent to the Hills' home, was charged with their murders on December 20, 1911, but these charges were dropped one week later, and further investigation into Harvey's possible involvement was ceased in February 1912 following an inquest.
In 1917, a man named William Riggin confessed to having participated in the murders, but provided significantly varied accounts that were inconsistent with one another.
In the spring of 1911, William Hill (born December 19, 1878); his wife Ruth (née Cowing; born March 26, 1878); and Ruth's two children from her previous marriage, Philip Rintoul (born October 14, 1902) and Dorothy Rintoul (born June 2, 1905); moved into a cottage in the rural community of Ardenwald, then located immediately south of Portland.
At approximately 8:00 a.m. on June 9, the wife of C. W. Matthews, a neighbor of the Hills', knocked on the front door of their home after her husband noticed that William had not left the residence as he normally did each morning to catch the interurban streetcar to his job at the Portland Natural Gas Company.
Upon receiving no answer, Mrs. Matthews peeked into the front window of the home, and saw the bloodied body of four-year-old Dorothy laid out on the floor.
It was estimated that the murders occurred around 12:45 a.m. based on a broken clock in the cabin that had stopped at the time, along with a neighbor's report that his dogs had begun barking loudly around this period.
It was determined that, after William had been bludgeoned to death, Ruth was then struck with the axe twice in the head.
It was determined by authorities that the axe did not belong to the Hills, and had been stolen from the front porch of Joseph Delk, who lived approximately north of the Hills.Most of the windows of the Hill home had been covered in cloth and garments by the perpetrator, ostensibly to conceal the crime.
Though some jewelry was missing from the Hill residence, other valuables and money were left behind, leading Sheriff Mass to exclude robbery as a motive for the crime.
Because of the violent and sexual nature of the murders, Mass believed that sex was the motive, and that the assailant may have been a pedophile.
In order to assist the investigation, Mass brought a bloodhound from Seattle to complete searches of the Hill property and surrounding area, but these efforts proved unfruitful.
Ruth similarly sustained a several skull fracture that extended from above her right eye across her whole face, as well as another fracture that broke her teeth and lower jaw.
Dorothy had sustained several skull fractures to both the front and back of the head from an axe blade, while Philip's head wounds appeared to have been inflicted with the handle of the axe.
Based on examination of Ruth's body, it was determined she had likely been raped after death, while Dorothy had been sexually assaulted prior to her murder.
On the morning of the Hill murders, a vagrant named Edward Ramsey was arrested at Oaks Bottom while attempted to float on a makeshift raft.
After his arrest, it was believed by authorities that Ramsey had been the subject of a series of complaints—spanning several years—regarding an unknown man lurking in the communities east of Portland.
On December 20, 1911, a 55-year-old nursery owner named Nathan Harvey, who lived from the Hill residence, was charged with the murders of all four victims.
Harvey, an Iowa native and local businessman and property owner, had been in a land dispute with William Hill prior to the Hills' murders.
Upon investigation, it was uncovered that Harvey had already been loosely connected to various gruesome crimes: In 1894, an 18-year-old woman named Mamie Welch was murdered in a strawberry patch on Harvey's property, and her body found lying next to an adjacent road.
A series of other murders and mysterious deaths occurred within the Harvey family: in 1896, one of Harvey's brothers shot their mother to death before killing himself, and in 1899, one of Harvey's other brothers was found drowned in a mill pond in Milwaukie.
On December 23 and 26, mass meetings were held in Milwaukie and Sellwood, during which over 500 signatures were gathered calling for the charges to be dropped.
While Mass was convinced that Harvey was the Hills' murderer, the charges against him were ultimately dropped on December 27, 1911, pending further investigation, and he was released during a preliminary hearing.
Riggin claimed to have met the men in Oregon City, and that they planned a robbery scheme together, looting local homes.
According to Riggin, he watched outside the Hills' cottage while Brown, armed with an axe, and Flynn entered to rob the family.
Upon further questioning, Riggin changed his account of events, instead claiming in a formal statement (made July 21, 1917) to have participated in the robbery and murders with Edward Ramsey, not the anonymous Brown and Flynn.
Despite this, Riggins was able to point out specific locations regarding the crime, including the site of the Hills' cottage, which had been demolished after their murders.
The Ardenwald axe murders have been described by historians as one of the most brutal murders in the history of Oregon, and in the enduring years became subject of local folklore.
In a strange coincidence, the Villisca axe murders in Villisca, Iowa occurred exactly one year and one day after the Ardenwald murders.
The Basilio Cascella Civic Museum (Italian: Museo civico Basilio Cascella) is an Italian pinacotheca based in Pescara in the Porta Nuova district.
The museum is located in the former lithographic establishment established at the end of the nineteenth century by the painter Basilio Cascella.
The building, for half a century the center of artistic production and meeting place for intellectuals such as Gabriele D'Annunzio, Luigi Pirandello, and Giovanni Pascoli, was donated to the Comune of Pescara in 1966 by the heirs of Cascella.
Thanks to the initiative of , in 1975 the structure was used as a civic museum dedicated to the dynasty of Cascella artists.
The art gallery houses a collection of around 600 works of painting, sculpture, ceramics and graphics, created between the 19th and 20th centuries by Basilio Cascella and his descendants, including his sons Tommaso and Michele, and his grandsons and Pietro.
The building looks like an eclectic two-story villa, characterized by a structure made entirely of terracotta bricks with some artistic majolica.
Located in the Porta Nuova district, the art gallery is located in viale Guglielmo Marconi, which in the town's toponymy of those years took the name of via delle Acacie, in reference to the uncultivated and damp territory located between the Port of Pescara and the Aterno-Pescara river.
The villa was the residence of Basilio Cascella until 1929, the year in which he moved to Rome after being elected deputy.
Tommaso Cascella , his eldest son, continued to live with his first wife and their six children, including Andrea and Pietro , until 1966, when the villa was donated to the Municipality of Pescara.
The main body of the museum, which consists of the historical laboratory of the family, has an architecture that stands out from the part added at the time of the expansion of the structure.
The museum houses a library with thematic volumes on the art and cultural history of Pescara and a multimedia educational laboratory.
After taking part in the exhibitions in Turin (1884), Venice (1887) and London (1888), Basilio Cascella bought land in the Porta Nuova area in 1895 from the Comune of Pescara to build a painting, lithography, and related arts studio, attached to his home.
Thus Cascella began an artistic school that in a few years became an important center for local and national culture, attracting a large number of young people.
The laboratory guaranteed a solid training for Tommaso, Michele, and Gioacchino Cascella, who started their artistic career under their father's guidance.
The lithographic activity of the studo continued until 1966, the year in which the laboratory was acquired by the Comune of Pescara.
, a Pescara councilor and later member of the Chamber of Deputies, promoted the establishtment of a civic museum dedicated to the art of Basilio Cascella.
The initial collection included around 500 works of painting, sculpture, ceramics and graphics, belonging to the generations of artists of the Cascella family.
The original structure has been significantly expanded over the years through the inclusion of works signed by Andrea and Pietro Cascella, sons of Tommaso and grandsons of Basilio.
Once managed by the Genti d'Abruzzo Foundation, in 2017, the museum underwent a general restoration; Mariano Cipollini, artistic curator of the museum, establish a new location for the works, reorganized according to a criterion that aims to highlight not only the cultural evolution of the individual artists, but also the historical-cultural evolution of all the members of the family.
The Basilio Cascella Civic Museum extends over two levels divided into twelve rooms, ten of which are located in the original part of the building and two are located in the new wing.
The art gallery houses about 600 works of the Cascella family, made between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with various artistic techniques, such as paintings on canvas, ceramics, sculptures, drawings, graphic works and postcards of five generations of artists.
Once completed, he sent the work o the Venice Biennale, but the exhibition organizers refused it due to its belated arrival.
A postal mistake misplaced the painting during transportation; it was returned to the sender thirty years later, when it was found intact near Ancona.
Some creations of Pietro Cascella are presented with the author's first name only, because of his stylistic choices in contrast with the tastes of the progenitor Basilio, who initially forbade his grandson to use the family name.
The Finnish Civil War was a conflict in 1918, which killed more than 38,000 people (about one percent of the country's population), of whom 1,650 were victims of Red Terror, and over 10,000 of White Terror.
Rafael Arcangel Quispe Flores is an indigenous Bolivian community leader, politician and current head of the Fund for Indigenous Development after appointment by Jeanine Añez.
He is a mallku (traditional leader) and became leader of National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Cullasuyu (CONAMAQ), a body of traditional leaders representing collective land-holdings (ayllus) and regions (markas) from throughout the Aymara realm (Cullasuyu).
In March 2014, he reported that the then Executive Secretary of the Federation of Peasant Women Bartolina Sisa de La Paz, Felipa Huanca, was part of the mulimillion dollar embezzlement of the liquidated Indigenous Fund.
In the run-up to the 2019 election, he delivered a tray of eggs to Vice President Linera to boost Linera's brainpower if he were to take up the challenge of facing Quispe in a debate.
On 1 January 2020, Quispe reported economic damage through corruption of Bs 121 million ($17.5 million) to the Fund for Indigenous Development during the previous Morales administration via hundreds of projects that were never completed despite money being distributed.
The Papal Representative to Vietnam is an official of the diplomatic service of the Holy See responsible for articulating and defending the interests of the Holy See to officials of the Catholic Church, civil society, and government offices in Vietnam.
The Holy See and the government of Vietnam have not established diplomatic relations and the position of Papal Representative to Vietnam is not a diplomatic one, though he is a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See and the government of Vietnam agreed to the creation of the position in 2011.
Such relations as existed between the Holy See and the government ended with the formation of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976.
More than thirty years later, as the parties negotiated a new relationship, Pope Benedict XVI met with Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung in 2007 and with Vietnamese President Nguyen Minh Triet in 2009.
In agreeing in 2011 to the appointment of a Papal Representative to Vietnam, the government retained the right to approve the appointee, as is customary for diplomatic appointments, and to approve the Representative's working visits to Vietnam.
At Banzabar, Reece prepares low alcohol cocktails to be paired with a tasting menu by chef Humberto Guallpa, as well as serving an à la carte menu featuring beverages of various alcohol levels.
Lumpkin Heights was originally developed as Lafayette Heights in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and it only became known by its current name after further development in the mid-twentieth century.
The original Lafayette Heights section of the district includes examples of many popular architectural styles from the time of its development, with several examples of Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and American Craftsman designs.
The remainder of the district exhibits trends common in post-World War II residential development, including several Modernist designs, Ranch-style houses, and prefabricated homes.
The Helan Mountains ecoregions lies to the east of the Alashan Plateau semi-desert ecoregion, and to the west of the Ordos plateau steppe ecoregion.
This climate is generally characterized as a 'steppe' climate, with precipitation greater than a true desert, and also a colder temperature.
Evelyne Z. Daitz (April 13, 1936 – October 31, 2019) was a Swiss-born American art dealer, curator, and agent, specializing in photography.
Then she was owner and director of the Witkin Gallery for fifteen years, moving it to SoHo in 1985, and closing the gallery and bookstore in 1999.
She chose photographers to feature in the gallery, promoting the works of Jill Freedman, Evelyn Hofer, Ruth Orkin, Marion Palfi, Burk Uzzle, and Jerry Uelsmann among many others.
In 1988 Daitz hosted a show of 64 new prints of photographs by Walter Ballhause, who documented life in Weimar Germany.
The Witkin Gallery's papers, including artists' files, exhibition materials, and gallery records, are archived at the Center for Creative Photography in Tuscon.
XHSCAT-FM is a community radio station on 107.5 FM serving Villa de Álvarez, Colima City, Comala, Coquimatlán and Cuauhtémoc in the Mexican state of Colima.
The station is owned by Organización de Radios Comunitarias de Occidente, A.C., which also serves as a national organization representing community radio stations.
The 8th annual Canadian Screen Awards will be held on March 29, 2020, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2019.
As in prior years, the awards in many of the technical and craft categories will be presented in a series of advance Canadian Screen Week galas in the week before the main ceremony.
Shot in black and white, it was written and directed by first-time director Lim Dae-hyung and stars Gi Ju-bong, Oh Jung-hwan, Go Won-hee and Jeon Yeo-been.
Widower and barber Mo Geum-san (Gi Ju-bong) is terminally ill. His dying wish is to make a short film directed by his estranged son, Stephen (Oh Jung-hwan).
Purcy Walker (born November 11, 1951) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 60th district from 2000 to 2012.
He served as the head football coach at Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff—now known as Northern Arizona University—from 1947 to 1948, compiling a record of 5–12.
He previously served as a head coach at a number of high schools in Arizona, including Miami High School in Miami, Arizona.
He is Professor Emeritus at University of California, Berkeley, and UC universitywide Provost and Senior Vice President of Academic Affairs, Emeritus at University of California.
He is the former Director of Center for Studies in Higher Education and the former Dean of College of Chemistry at UC Berkeley.
In the area of chemical engineering, he has conducted considerable research on spray drying, freeze drying, and removal and recovery of organic pollutants from wastewater streams.
He became a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1983, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1993.
King joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959 as an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering to become director of the School of Chemical Engineering Practice station at the Exxon (then Esso) Bayway refinery in New Jersey.
In 1963, King joined University of California, Berkeley as Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, becoming Associate Professor in 1966 and Full Professor in 1969.
In 1981, King was appointed as the Dean of College of Chemistry and later in 1987 as the Provost of the Professional Schools and Colleges, a position in which he served until 1994.
At the time of his appointment, King was the first chemical engineer to become Dean of the College of Chemistry at Berkeley.
During his time as UC provost, King helped launch the new, tenth UC campus at Merced, the California Digital Library, and eScholarship, the University of California’s open access, electronic repository for publications by UC authors.
He returned to UC Berkeley in 2004 as the Director of Center for Studies in Higher Education, serving in this position for a full decade until 2014.
King was also Faculty Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was Program Leader for Chemical Processes in the Energy and Environment Division from 1978 to 1981.
He has done considerable research on dehydration of foods and beverages, and in particular those phenomena that influence the quality of the product.
Although he started by measuring and explaining drying rates in terms of fundamental transport phenomena, he soon turned to learning how highly volatile substances such as taste and aroma components could best be retained despite their being much more volatile than the water which was itself being vaporized during evaporative drying.
He also worked with freeze concentration for beverages, such as fruit juices, wherein water is frozen as suspended ice crystals which are then filtered out.
Subsequent research supported by the U. S. Army dealt with limited freeze drying that would leave enough water to provide sufficient pliabilty of the product for compression to smaller size for military uses.
King later turned to spray drying of beverages and other liquids, for which the loss of volatile flavor and aroma substances occurs largely in the spray-nozzle zone, where the droplets to be dried are formed.
King and his colleagues examined factors influencing the loss of volatile flavors and aroma and also the factors affecting the development of particle morphology (size, shape, porosity, and thus the bulk density) of the dried product.
In later research, King and his colleagues created a device to enable simultaneous measurement of particle morphology and loss of volatile components as the drying of single drops to particles took place.
In later research, King and his colleagues created a device to enable simultaneous measurement of particle morphology and loss of volatile components as the drying of single drops to particles took place.
Some of King's research has dealt with the removal and recovery of polar organic substanes from aqueous streams in two contexts.
He later turned to the use of solvent extraction and adsorption, with and without chemical complexation, for recovery of carboxylic acids, glycols and alcohols from aqueous process streams, such as occur in the manufacture of these chemicals from biomass by fermentation.
Some of his other work dealt with systematic methods for synthesizing processes from component steps, such as sequencing multiple distillation columns and cascade refrigeration systems.
King stopped chemical engineering research in 1999, part-way through his service as Provost and Sr. Vice President for the University of California, university-wide.
When he returned in 2004 to be Director of Berkeley's Center for Studies in Higher Education, he wrote a number of papers relating to university structure, function, and governance and then the book on the University of California.
Before that, the standard separation operations were considered to be separate topics within the category of unit operations, with separate methodologies.
After the book went out of print, King secured the copyright back from McGraw-Hill and put it on eScholarship, where it is available open-access.
Amira Mohamed Ali (born 16 January 1980 in Hamburg) is a German politician (Die Linke) who has been a member of the Bundestag since 2017.
After graduating from the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg-Winterhude in 1998, Mohamed Ali studied law at the universities of Heidelberg and Hamburg, where she began and completed her studies.
She was admitted to the bar in 2008 and worked as an in-house lawyer and contract manager for an automotive supplier until 2017.
Mohamed Ali has been a board member of the Oldenburg/Ammerland district association of the party Die Linke in Lower Saxony since 2015.
She ran for political office for the first time in the 2016 local elections on list number 2 in electoral district VI of the city of Oldenburg.
She was elected number 5 on her party's Lower Saxony state list and was elected to the Bundestag through that list.
In the 19th Bundestag, she is a member of the Committee for Legal Affairs and Consumer Protection and the Committee for Food and Agriculture.
Syed Arshad Ali (born 10 April 1971) is a Pakistani jurist who has been Justice of the Peshawar High Court since 16 June 2017.
※ Discharged: Transferred from Sanjgu Sangmu or Ansan Mugunghwa for military service in the middle of the season (registered in 2019 season).
It was edited by Gitta Günther, who worked as a Weimar city archivist from 1959 to 2001, together with the musicologist Wolfram Huschke and the geologist Walter Steiner.
He was the first head football coach at Southern Utah University, serving from 1963 to 1964 and compiling a record of 8–5–1.
He served as the head football coach at Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky from 1959 to 1967, compiling a record of 38–40–2.
Penny played college football at the University of Mississippi and later served as a physical education faculty member at Middle Tennessee State University from 1970 to 1993.
The legume is endemic to Mallorca and Minorca in the Mediterranean Sea, where the cushion-like thorns of the plant create a landscape typical of the islands.
Marshall L Saunders (1939 - December 28, 2019) was the founder of the Citizens' Climate Lobby and a leader and spokesman for social change.
He raised funds and served on the board of a microfinance organization, spoke to thousands about climate change, and he advocated for Congress to adopt policies to reduce poverty.
He worked as a smokejumper in the Pacific Northwest and served in the U.S. Navy, which led him to San Diego.
His wealth enabled him to set up organizations like Grameen de la Frontera, a micro-credit organization and the Citizens' Climate Lobby.
He joined he board of the Foundation for International Community Assistance and served for 4 years, raising $750,000 for microcredit lenders in 16 countries.
After learning Gore was training people to present the slide show version, he enrolled in the three day training and committed to 10 talks a year.
At the Utah Rotary District 5420 conference in June 2019, Saunders explained in an interview how he got letters in the paper.
His efforts, along with others, resulted in Congressional AIDS expenditures of $550 million, more than the $220 proposed by the President.
Saunders spent 12 years volunteering with RESULTS, which has had major successes building support in Congress for policies targeting the basic needs of the poor.
After learning of the threat posed by climate change, Saunders realized he had to educate members of Congress about the issue.
The organization enables citizens to be effective lobbyists, helping them to persuasively advocate for climate policies, most recently a revenue-neutral carbon tax.
763) was introduced in 2019 and is based on the group's policy plan, a carbon tax and dividend designed to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
In this early period it served as the official organ of the Negro Labor Relations League, an organization established in 1937 to battle against the racial discrimination in employment in Chicago.
The Prime Minister's New Year Message in the United Kingdom is an annual speech made by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for the start of a new year.
It is traditionally released around New Year's Eve and Hogmanay throughout Britain, consisting of a speech which is a few minutes long and usually contains reflections on what has taken place throughout the previous year.
This is then followed by a government-backed preview of what can be expected in the coming new year and the current political state of the nation.
Other political leaders in Britain use the new year as a chance to release their message to reflect on the year and inform the public on what may be expected in the coming year, this includes the Leader of the Opposition in the British Parliament and leaders of the devolved governments.
Since 1932, the British Monarch traditionally releases the Royal Christmas Message which is alternatively broadcast on Christmas Day throughout the UK and the Commonwealth realm.
The difference between a regency and a city is that a city has non-agricultural economic activities and a dense urban population, while a regency comprises a rural area larger than a city.
The administrative cities do not have city councils and their mayors were exclusively selected by the Governor of Jakarta without any public election.
Other members included director Onur Ünlü on drums, Serkan Keskin on bass guitar, Osman Sonant on keyboard, Fırat İkisivri on guitar, Sarp Aydınoğlu on percussion and Sarper Aksoy on clarinet.
The music video was viewed over 100 million times on YouTube and became one of the most viewed videos in Turkey in 2013.
Serkan Keskin, one of the members of the group, explained that the group was disbanded because they did not intend to make money from music and the world of music was a very different world for them.
's vision from the concept of the album to song and song creation, music production, visual creativity, and even planning and promotion.
The album begins with the album title track, which incorporates a large number of hip-hop arrangements, Describe the living postures of various animals, and reflect social phenomena, and sneer at the dark side that everyone may appear at some moment and hope that everyone can clear the temptation of false lies with the clearest vision and make the most good choice.
hopes to express his inner struggle and desire to share the mood with others, not to hear from others consolation, the producer used a very complicated rhythm set with G.E.M.
When it is completely for the other party that it wants to sacrifice itself, in the end, it will only endure all the pain alone.
The song describes that if it is injured, it can only hide in the corner and lick the wound, but it must be strong in front of people.
This is exactly the meaning of the song: In times of difficulties and wind and waves, refuse to lose, don't retreat, and break through with confidence.
Electronic The echo of the sound and the true sound, more reveals the lingering blur and the sly hidden features of the wolf that the music wants to show.
The song is describes about precious things that are often not caught, and thank you for helping you along the way.
She also hopes to use songs to encourage all those who stand at the crossroads of life and are confused about the future.
and her team was premiere the music video of the album title track and released it as the album's second single.
The song debuted at number 2 on the KKBOX Taiwan daily new song chart and number 8 on Taiwan daily single chart.
It also peaked at number 1 on the KKBOX Hong Kong daily new song chart and number 2 on Hong Kong daily single chart.
Positive evaluations indicate that each song in the album has distinctive features, and in addition, the arrangement has also been well received.
's used very spoken but profound music to show his struggling during this period of time and his 12 years of debut.
Adding experimental human voice effects in many places makes people appreciate the arrangement and lyrics of the arranger, and the symbol of animals, making the album more complete and interesting.
Many music critics have pointed out that although there have been significant improvements in lyric writing, individual songs are still weak, and the album's idea integrity is slightly inferior.
This inspired her to co-found Speed Rack with fellow bartender Lynnette Marrero, giving female bartenders a space to be showcased while raising money for breast cancer.
Manvir Singh (born 15 June 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for the Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Fernando de Magalhães Papaterra Limongi is a Brazilian political scientist who was a member of the Department of Political Science in the Faculty of Philosophy, Literature and Social Sciences at the University of São Paulo (USP) from 1986 until 2018, and is now a professor in the São Paulo School of Economics at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
He earned his PhD in political science at the University of Chicago in 1993, where he worked with various political scientists like Adam Przeworski (his advisor) with whom he published several works.
Returning to Brazil and to USP in 1992, he took on many responsibilities in the Brazilian Center of Analysis and Planning, and became one of the members of the Chamber of Researchers at the center.
Esther 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.
This chapter describes the reaction of the Jews to Haman's evil decree, focusing on Mordecai's action of mourning and fasting, which eventually forced Esther to take action on her own by risking her life to appear uninvited before King Ahasuerus.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1; 5th century).
When they heard the threat of genocide, Mordecai and the Jews throughout the Persian empire showed religious response publicly, although without referring to God.
These stages represent a movement in Esther from ignorance to understanding to decision: Esther eventually took charge and Mordecai went to do 'everything that Esther had commanded him'.
The song was composed about eight months before it was released to the public, with a number of different variants, including a rap version, before the final version was settled on.
The song was created specifically for the TV series, and does not appear in the novels the series is based on.
Since Netflix releases its content with dubbing in a number of languages, the song has been officially translated and rendered in at least 12 other languages: Polish, Czech, Japanese, German, Russian, French, Italian, Portuguese, Hungarian, Spanish, Castilian Spanish, and Turkish.
The song lyrics are based on the events of the show's second episode, which is also the first meeting of the bard Jaskier (the in-universe author of the song) and Geralt of Rivia, the titular witcher and the show's main protagonist.
Some covers are unofficial translations into different languages, for example the rendering of the song in the Silesian dialect of Polish language has been gaining popularity among Polish Internet users.
The series premiered on December 20, 2019, however Netflix has been criticized for failing to release the song officially, with no official release outside of a SoundCloud release until January 22.
On January 10th 2020 Samuel Kim featuring Black Gryph0n's version made number 93, while the Jonny Lovato version reached number 99.
In December 2019, Horn was named in the preliminary German Olympic squad to train for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Eucalyptus × stoataptera is a small tree that is endemic to a small area on the south coast of Western Australia.
It has a dense crown, smooth bark on the trunk and branches, glossy, oblong leaves, single flower buds in leaf axils, lemon-orange flowers, and fruit that are square in cross-section.
Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same shade of glossy green on both sides, oblong with a long-pointed tip, long and wide and petiolate.
The flower buds are arranged singly in leaf axils on a downturned peduncle long becoming flattened near the floral cup, the individual buds pendent on a very short pedicel.
The fruit is a pendulous, woody, red capsule long and wide with a wing on each corner and up to five small ribs between each pair of wings.
10 to run the 2019 season-opener at Daytona, which later turned into a full-season run for rookie of the year by April.
Because rookie Christian Eckes won the championship, he became ineligible to also win the rookie of the year award in addition to his title according to ARCA rules, so Vigh, who was second place behind Eckes in rookie points, was given the award at season's-end.
In addition to racing, Vigh works as a shop fabricator for Statewide Line Striping and has been a longtime ambassador for his sponsor, Extreme Energy Solutions, based in Sparta, New Jersey.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1914 by Edward Warren Harnden, D. Brown, L. Nettleton, and E. Parson via the west slopes.
The name Eyebrow Peak came about by Arthur Oliver Wheeler in 1910 when viewing two broad rock scars near the summit, and their arrangement in connection with the surrounding snow created the appearance of enormous eyebrows.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Eyebrow Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
Precipitation runoff from Eyebrow Peak and meltwater from its surrounding glaciers drains into Horsethief Creek, which is a tributary of the Columbia River.
He was the first Chief of the Antitrust and Consumer Protection Division of the Texas Attorney General’s Office in 1973, and in 1979 was cofounder of the law firm Longley & Maxwell, LLP.
Following law school he worked in the consumer protection office of the Attorney General, before becoming an attorney with Edwards and DeAnda in Corpus Christi, Texas.
He returned to solo practice in the mid-2000s, where he continued to work on class action cases in Texas, Arkansas, California, and Oklahoma.
In the years since the film’s success, Longley has stated that he and his friends thought the film would flop, allowing them to take a tax write-off on the movie, and were caught off-guard by the film’s success.
Following its release, the court assigned Longley as a special master to retrieve the distribution rights from a former partner, before being replaced by a trustee.
It describes typical problems in computer science that are often interviews are asked to solve, typically on a whiteboard during job interviews at big technology companies such as Google, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon.com, Facebook and Palantir Technologies.
First published in 2008, it has been translated into seven languages: Russian, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, Polish, Spanish, and Korean.
McDowell was educated at the Episcopal Academy and the University of Pennsylvania where she was awarded Bachelor of Engineering (BSE) and Master of Engineering (MSE) degrees in Computer Science in 2005.
After working as a software engineer for Google, she got bored of working for large companies, and joined a small venture capital-funded startup company as the Vice President (VP) of engineering before being awarded a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Cyrus Dobre-Mofid (born March 9, 1993) is an American gymnast and YouTube personality who did videos on the now-defunct video application Vine.
The four brothers then moved back to L.A. Their popularity helped them earn a spot to speak in New York at AT&T's Later Haters expo.
She received the Linie Honorary Award for her contributions to Norwegian food and drink culture in 2015 and in 2019 received the Altos Bartenders' Bartender Award at the World's 50 Best Bars, making her the first woman to be given the award.
Berg has her own liqueur line, Muyu, co-founded the nonprofit P(our), and co-created Back of House, a digital platform used by hospitality workers to anonymously report discrimination, harassment, and other issues.
In 2013, she relocated to London and served as head bartender at Pollen Street Social in London, followed by a bartending at Himkok in Oslo.
In 2019, she also co-launched Back of House, a digital platform for hospitality workers to safely and anonymous report workplace harassment, discrimination, and other problems.
The Minister of Marine in New Zealand was a former cabinet member appointed by the Prime Minister to be responsible for New Zealand's aquaculture and fishing industries.
Abu Raihan Biswas ( – 29 December 2019) was an Indian teacher and politician from West Bengal belonging to Socialist Unity Centre of India.
The light novel series was originally published by EDA as a free-to-read web novel on Shōsetsuka ni Narō in 2014 and Hobby Japan published the first volume in print with illustrations by Kochimo in October 2015.
The series was adapted into a manga series by Kochimo and published by Hobby Japan, with three volumes released as of November 26, 2019.
The 1926 FCTSA League is the first season of the FCTSA League, the former top Australian professional soccer league in the Capital Football.
AAC Technologies Holdings, Inc. (, , OTCBB:AACAY) or AAC Technologies in short form, is a civilian-run enterprise founded in 1993 and headquartered in Shenzhen, PR China.
AAC Technologies designs, develops and manufactures a broad range of miniaturized components that include speakers, receivers and microphones in the acoustic segment.
It states the life of three struggling women Gunjan, Sindur and Ashalata are from three different generation and real meaning of women empowerment in Indian society.
He then moved to the Department of Aeronautics at the Imperial College of Science [1947-1951], where he made an early impression: his Thwaites Flap being used to assist aeronautical tests.
In 1951 he returned to his old school, Winchester College, as an Assistant Master, teaching mathematics [1951-1959] and remained in secondary education for most of the 1950s.
Thwaites was also commissioned into the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve during this period, as a Pilot Officer in the Training Branch [RAFVR(T)] [1952-1958].
On taking up his new post, Prof. Thwaites hosted a conference addressing the disconnect between the teaching of mathematics and the need for professional mathematicians in industry and academia: the result was the School Mathematics Project (SMP).
teachers met with Thwaites to devise a new curriculum: Martyn Cundy (1913-2005) Sherborne School, Tom Jones Winchester College and Douglas Quadling (OBE) Marlborough College.
The representatives of Charterhouse, Marlborough, Sherborne and Winchester were then joined by Battersea Grammar School (A. J. Penfold), Exeter School (D. J.
Holding), Holloway School (D. E. Mansfield) and Winchester County High School for Girls (WCHS) (J. E. Harris) and these eight schools initiated the SMP.
Within a year the team had drawn up materials for the 'modern mathematics', ready for the new academic year in September 1962.
The SMP began as a research project but was then formalised as a charitable trust: Prof. Thwaites was the founding Director.
Taking another approach to further the development of mathematics, Thwaites co-founded, in 1964, the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), alongside Professor (Sir) James Lighthill; he became a Fellow (FIMA) of the institute.
In 1990, IMA received its Charter and was therefore able to award the title of Chartered Mathematician (CMath) to practising mathematicians, as part of the professionalisation of the occupation.
In 1965, Professor Thwaites was appointed Principal of Westfield College [1965-1984], a newly co-educational college of London University, based in Hampstead.
In 1969, Professor Thwaites was also appointed the Professor of Geometry [1969-1972] at Gresham College, a role that is largely an honorific.
Thwaites developed an interest in medical administration, accepting a number of appointments over the years: he was Chairman of the Northwick Park Hospital Management Committee and a member of the Council of the Middlesex Hospital Board.
Patrick Jenkin was registered as a lobbyist for Andersen, and had been the man who appointed Thwaites to the post, when Jenkin was Secretary of State.
In 2019, he attempted to leave a bequest, totalling a million pounds, to his two secondary schools, on condition that it was used to benefit 'white working-class poor (males)'; the schools felt unable to accept the offer in light of anti-discrimination laws.
Terry L. Fossum was born in Mission, Texas but raised in McAllen, Texas as one of three brothers, during which time he joined the Boy Scouts of America, where he became an Eagle Scout.
He earned a degree in mechanical engineering from Texas A&M University while serving in the Corps of Cadets, following which Fossum became an officer in the U.S. Air Force.
He became the Officer of the Year for the Fairchild Air Force Base and was the Executive Officer for a Group of Nuclear B-52 Bombers.
He also founded the Terry L. Fossum Learning Center in Rwanda, the Terry L. Fossum Scholarships for Underprivileged Youth in McAllen, and providing agricultural training for Malawi, Africa.
Fossum has continued to be involved in the Boy Scouts of America, first as a scoutmaster, and eventually as the vice president for programs for the Washington State's Inland Northwest Council, as a resident of Spokane Valley, Washington.
According to 2011 Census of India population of the village is 2,207, in which 1,210 are males and 997 are females.
Seisetsu Shucho, also known as Daiyu Kokushi, (1745 – June 28, 1820) was a Japanese Zen priest, poet and artist, He is known for the reconstruction and consolidation of the Engaku-ji Zen Buddhist temple towards the end of the Edo era.
Certification is applied for on an annual basis, and indicates the top 10% to 15% of dealers within a particular market.
HTA certification is provided by the Home Technology Association to home technology integration dealers, and is based upon installation experience and business practices, including a history of technical competence, marketplace reputation, and quality of aftercare service and support.
Certified dealers are provided with resources such as a budgeting tool for dealers to set transparent pricing, in addition to other onboarding tools.
The ski jumping hills consist of a large hill with a K-point of 120, a normal hill with a K-point of 90, and two training hills.
Martín Zapater y Clavería (12 November 1747, Zaragoza - 1803, Zaragoza) was a wealthy Aragonese merchant, with an enlightenment point of view.
As a member of the growing bourgeoisie of the eighteenth century, he amassed a significant fortune from his land sales and leasing to the City of Zaragoza, other institutions, and the local nobility.
In 1778, he was appointed for the city and, the following year, became a member of the Aragonese nobility himself, by order of King Charles IV.
He was an initiator for many of the Enlightenment-related institutions in Aragon; being a co-founder of the Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País in 1776 and serving as their Treasurer from 1790 to 1800.
He also participated in the creation of the ; of which he became an honorary Academic in 1793 and served as Counselor from 1797 to 1802.
His collection of letters passed to his grand-nephew, Francisco Zapater y Gómez, who published some of them and wrote a short biography of Goya.
Sylvia Marianne Malmberg Liljefors (born November 9, 1944; also known as Sylvia Malmberg and Sylvia Malmberg-Liljefors) is a Swedish female curler.
The 1981–82 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 82nd in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
The 2022 FIA World Rally Championship will be the fiftieth season of the World Rally Championship, an auto racing competition recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallying.
Crews are free to compete in cars complying with World Rally Car and Group R regulations; however, only manufacturers competing with World Rally Cars homologated under regulations introduced in 2017 are eligible to score points in the Manufacturers' championship.
A significant change to the regulations is planned to be introduced in 2022 as the sport adopts the use of hybrid drivetrains for the first time.
This will take the form of an e-motor that produces and must be used to power the car when travelling around service parks and through built-up areas when driving between stages.
Drivers will be free to use the e-motor to offer additional power when competing in a stage, with the FIA dictating how much power can be used and how long a driver can deploy it for.
The hybrid system and the software governing its use will be standardised for three years as a way of keeping the costs of competing down.
This will coincide with the homologation requirements being re-written to allow teams to build prototype chassis based on production cars rather than having to adapt a chassis to fit a roadgoing model.
It was released as the third and final single from the album Slipstream and it was written by Garth Porter and Clive Shakespeare.
Before taking office, he worked as an Assistant Professor and Vice-Dean for International Cooperation at the Faculty of Political Science in Podgorica.
Vukovic completed his undergraduate and specialist studies in 2007 at the University of Montenegro, Faculty of Political Science (study program International Relations and Diplomacy).
After completing his specialist studies (2006-2007), Vukovic completed an internship at the Montengro Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after which he enrolled in postgraduate studies in the Netherlands at Leiden University.
Upon returning to Montenegro (2008-2014) Vukovic began working as a teaching assistant at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Montenegro.
In the period 2014-2015, Vukovic acquired the title of Lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science; In November 2015 he was elected Assistant Professor and Vice-Dean for International Relations at the same Faculty.
Players take on the role of prospectors, mercenaries tasked with the job of completing contracts on a dangerous planet called Fortuna III.
Within the environment, there are monsters and other hostile creatures that will try to kill the player as well as rival players.
Each match is set to have a total of 20 players in either solo, duos, or squads, these team compositions cannot be mixed.
It rises in the southwestern side of the Verkhoyansk Range, above the eastern bank of the Lena River, opposite the mouth of the Vilyuy River in the Lena's western bank, at the edge of the Central Yakutian Lowland.
The range runs parallel to the Kuturgin Range, a higher mountain chain that rises to the northeast, beyond which stretches the Bygyn Range.
Among the animals found in the region are elk, sable, muskrat, wild reindeer, brown bear, wolverine, black grouse, Western capercaillie, white-tailed eagle, hazel grouse, snow sheep, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, black-capped marmot, brent goose and whooper swan.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
It is located on the southern outskirts of Port Shepstone and is perfectly positioned because it is only 3 kilometers away from Shelly Beach and is also close to the Port Shepstone CBD.
It is located along the R620 regional route to Port Shepstone and Margate and also marks the end of the route.
There are no shopping malls in Oslo Beach and so the nearest ones are either in Port Shepstone or Shelly Beach or even further to Margate.
In terms of medical facilities, the nearest public hospital is the Port Shepstone Regional Hospital and the nearest private hospital is the Hibiscus Private Hospital which is also in Port Shepstone.
According to 2011 Census of India population of the village is 2,054, in which 1,126 are males and 928 are females.
The 1980–81 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 81st in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.
(1997) from the University of Sheffield’s School of Law, and his Ph.D. (2003) from Ghent University, Faculty of Political and Social Studies.
Pardo is a Senior Researcher at The Simone Veil Research Centre for Contemporary European Studies – The National Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU).
He is a Senior Adjunct Fellow at the National Centre for Research on Europe (NCRE), University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and a Member of the Board of the Israeli Association for International Studies (IAIS).
Pardo is a Member of the Board of the Israel Council on Foreign Relations (ICFR), a Member of the International Advisory Council of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and a Member of the Israel Bar Association.
Ashraf Abdel Rahim Abu Issa () is a Qatari entrepreneur and best known for being the chairman of Abu Issa holding company.
He is the CEO of Blue Salon, a retail company his father co-founded and the chairman and CEO of Abu Issa Holding, a Qatar-based diversified conglomerate with operations in the Middle East, South Africa, and the US.
In 2016, Abu Issa won the Businessman of the year award at the Arabian Business Qatar Awards under the auspices of the Ministry of Economy and Trade.
These are the squads for the national teams participated in the Copa do Craque de Masters held in Brazil, in 1990.
Ehd-e-Wafa () is a Pakistani television series created by Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) and Momina Duraid for Hum TV and PTV Home.
It revolves around four school friends with different hopes, goals and aspirations and shows how their lives change over time as they witness hardships, challenges and betrayal in their friendship.
It premiered on 22 September 2019 on Hum TV and PTV Home and airs a weekly episode every Sunday, as a part of night programming all under MD Productions.
It stars Ahad Raza Mir, Osman Khalid Butt, Ahmed Ali Akbar, Wahaj Ali, Alizeh Shah and Zara Noor Abbas in leading roles.
The story revolves around a group of high-spirited friends who help, support, and enjoy one another’s company as they overcome hardships in their lives.
Four friends, Saad, Shahzain, Shariq and Shehryar call themselves the SSG (Special 'S' Gang, because all their names start with the letter 'S').
Saad's family comprises of his father, Brigadier (later Major General) Faraz Inam, who serves in the army, his mother and sister, Rahmeen, an aspiring artist.
Shahzain belongs to a rich village family and is the closest to his grandfather, Malik Allahyar, who believes education is useless.
Shariq's family consists of his sister, Ghazala, who works two jobs and earns money to pay for his studies and his widowed mother.
They often bunk college together at night which lands them in hot water, when caught by their hostel warden, Firdous Baig, who never misses a chance to punish the four friends.
Despite receiving warnings from the headmaster of the college, the SSG still bunk college and this time, they accidentally run into Dua and her cousins.
Once in a painting workshop and once in a library, he didn't had the courage to tell her that he liked her.
Once they reach the hostel, Shahzain reveals to the other two sketches that Saad made of Dua, thus proving how big of a crush Saad had on her.
Shariq spots her with her cousins and tells the other three, who immediately rush to her, while Shariq sits back behind.
As Shahzain and Shehryar begin to introduce themselves to Dua and tell her about Saad, Raheel pushes Saad, thinking he was harassing Dua and a physical fight follows.
Enraged, he rushes to the police staton and demands that Saad tell him whether the other three were present at that time.
Saad slaps Shahzain, because he made a fuss in front of Dua and because he left him alone the previous night.
In the end, it is decided that Saad, Shahzain and Shehryar will be allowed to give exams, but not stay in the hostel or take classes.
He goes to submit his application at a well-reputed Medical college, only to find Dua submitting her application at the same.
She treats him coldly, while Saad politely backs out, saying if she doesn't want him to take admission there, he won't.
Dua accuses Saad of following him, but later softens up to him, when she overhears him scolding Zoro for running after her and telling him that he is sometimes scared of Dua.
Later in a boxing contest Saad comes second but Gulzar is knocked out early despite making claims that he will win.
For their wedding Shahzain invited Shehryar and Shariq however, due to them talking about Saad, Shahzain gets angry and breaks an musicians harmonium.
Saad gets selected for Sandhurst Royal Military Academy exchange programme however he refuses to go and gives his seat to his friend who came second to him.
Raheel propose Dua to marry him but Dua refuse and tells her father to trust her that Saad is just a friend.
Shariq's YouTube channel has been so well established that he is offered a job as a news anchor at a well established channel.
The 2020 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships was the 79th NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 39th NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships held at Mike A. Myers Stadium in Austin, Texas on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin.
In total, forty-two different men's and women's track and field events was contested from Wednesday, June 10 to Saturday, June 13, 2020.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
The John J. Kinsella Company operated from 1872-1931 and was one of the larger firms producing stained glass and mirrors in Chicago at the time, employing some 50 people, according to the publication, Frueh's Chicago Stained Glass.
Slaheddine Maaoui (20 July 1950 – 30 December 2019) was a Tunisian journalist and politician, who served as Minister of Tourism.
Recruited by the newspaper La Presse de Tunisie in 1971, he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming deputy editor in 1974 and then editor in 1978.
At the same time, he was chosen as a member of the International Information Commission, which operates under the leadership of the United Nations and brings together the most reputable newspapers2.
He also chairs the board of directors of the New Printing, Press and Publishing Company, sits on the Higher Council for Communication and chairs the Tunisian Association of Newspaper Publishers1.
He is also elected to the presidency of the Union of national radios and televisions of Africa and like member of the executive council of the Union of broadcasting of the Arab States.
In January 2007, he became director general of ASBU, a position he held following his election in December 2006 by the general assembly of ASBU for a four-year term1.
In 2015, having exhausted his two successive eight-year terms, he must leave his post, but the ASBU board wishes to continue to benefit from his skills and created specially for him a new advisory structure: the strategic planning group, where he was the President.
He joined the Democratic Constitutional Rally in 1987 and was part of its central committee while chairing the Habib-Thameur cell in Tunis.
From February 1991 to March 1992, he assumed the functions of advisor to the President of the Republic, then those of director general of the Tunisian Agency for External Communication from February 1992 to January 19951.
He was appointed head of the Ministry of Tourism, which he assumed from January 1995 to January 2001, then as Minister Delegate to the Prime Minister, responsible for Communication, Human Rights and Relations with the Chamber of Deputies , a position he held from February 2001 to May 20021.
George Walker Holden is a professor and developmental psychologist working at the Southern Methodist University, where he is the Chair of the Psychology Department.
Holden is the co-founder of the U.S. Alliance to End the Hitting of Children and the author of several books on the subject of child development.
George Holden’s father was Reuben A. Holden, who was an administrator at Yale University and later become President of Warren Wilson College in Asheville, North Carolina.
He received his BA from Yale University and his MA and PhD in Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
George Holden served as a professor and Associate Chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin.
Holden has researched the problem of corporal punishment of children, parenting practices and cognitions, and family violence, in addition to other topics.
In 2014 Holden released a study that showed evidence that parents that favor corporal punishment are prone to changing their minds on its usefulness if shown how the punishment can negatively affect their child.
Holden is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, member of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, the International Society for the Child Abuse and Neglect, and the Society for Research in Child Development.
His club performances brought him into the France national team between 1957 and 1959, notably taking part at the 1957 Rugby League World Cup and succeeding his position to Puig Aubert.
Brian Lamont Thomson (born 1 March 1959) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
Stewart Brydon (born 1967) is a Scottish male former cyclist, a multiple national champion on the track in the sprint (six times), twice tandem champion with Eddie Alexander and a winner of the Keirin and team sprint titles.
Steve Johnson (born 23 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
The 2021 FIA World Rally Championship will be the forty-ninth season of the World Rally Championship, an auto racing competition recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallying.
Crews are free to compete in cars complying with World Rally Car and Group R regulations; however, only manufacturers competing with World Rally Cars homologated under regulations introduced in 2017 are eligible to score points in the Manufacturers' championship.
Rally Catalunya was removed from the 2020 schedule as part of an event-sharing agreement that would see the event removed from the calendar for one year, but be guaranteed a spot on the calendar for the next two.
Rally Chile had been included on the original draft of the 2020 calendar, but the event was cancelled in the face of ongoing civil unrest in the country.
Rally Australia is due to return after a two-year absence; the event was included on the 2019 calendar, but was cancelled due to a bushfire emergency.
It was omitted from the 2020 calendar as part of an event-sharing agreement with Rally New Zealand, which will not be run in 2021.
Six-time World Drivers' Champion Sébastien Ogier announced that he would retire from full-time competition at the end of the 2020 championship.
Brendon Ulysses Phillips (born 16 July 1954) is a Jamaican former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town and Peterborough United.
Cheiloplecton is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species Cheiloplecton rigidum, native to Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras.
This list includes transfers featuring at least one Serie A or Serie B club which were completed after the end of the summer 2019 transfer window and before the end of the 2019–20 winter window.
This award ceremony rewards, different tiktokers in different categories encouraging them for their effort of providing entertainment through their videos on the TikTok social app.
André Smets (5 July 1943 – 30 December 2019) was a Belgian politician, who served as Mayor of Herve from 1985 to 2010.
In 1970 he was elected to Herve as a municipal councillor for the then PSC (precursor of the current Centre démocrate humaniste) and from 1977 to 1985 as an alderman.
Hockney had spent a number of years living in Los Angeles before moving back to his native Yorkshire in the late 1990s.
The painting is of the tallest point in the Yorkshire Wolds, which is the highest point of Bishop Wilton Wold and given its name due to the proximity to the village of Garrowby, near York.
The Oxford History of Historical Writing is a five volume multi-authored history of historical writing published by Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Woolf.
Rainbow Over the Range is a 1940 American Western film directed by Albert Herman and written by Robert Emmett Tansey and Roger Merton.
His writings in the form of cultural, political, and religious articles, spread in various dailies and magazines in Indonesia and Malaysia, among others: Buana News, Pelita, Kompas, Republika, People's Thoughts, Analysis, Alert, Free, People's Mind, Lampung Post, Media Indonesia, Community Flag, Sovereign, Horizon, Base, Council for Literature and Daily News (Malaysia).
Natalia Martyasheva or Natalya Martyasheva (January 6, 1988 - June 8, 2011) was a Russian para table tennis player who was born with cerebral palsy.
It is designed to both search for new light and weakly coupled elementary particles, and to study the interactions of high-energy neutrinos.
The experiment is located in the service tunnel TI12, which is 480 m downstream from the interaction point used by the ATLAS experiment.
This tunnel was formerly used to inject the beam from the SPS into the LEP accelerator, but does currently not host any LHC infrastructure.
In this location, the FASER experiment is placed into an intense and highly collimated beam of both neutrinos as well as possible new particles.
The primary goal of the FASER experiment is to search for new light and weakly interacting particles, that have not been discovered yet, such as dark photons, axion-like particles and sterile neutrinos.
Such particles will therefore be dominantly produced in the forward direction along the collision axis, forming a highly collimated beam, and can inherit a large fraction of the LHC proton beam energy.
Additionally, due to their small couplings to the standard model particles and large boosts, these particles are long-lived and can easily travel hundreds of meters without interacting before they decay to standard model particles.
The LHC is the highest energy particle collider built so far, and therefore also the source of the most energetic neutrinos created in a controlled laboratory environment.
Collisions at the LHC lead to a large flux of high-energy neutrinos of all flavours, which are highly collimated around the beam collision axis and stream through the FASER location.
It will record and study thousands of neutrino interactions, which allows to measure neutrino cross sections at TeV energies where they are currently unconstrained.
This is followed by a 1.5 meter long empty decay volume and a 2 meter long spectrometer, which are placed in a 0.55 T magnetic field.
The spectrometer consists of three tracking stations, composed of layers of precision silicon strip detectors, to detect charged particles produced in the decay of long-lived particles.
It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico, on the branch leading to Las Adjuntas.
Milanese in Naples (Italian: Milanesi a Napoli) is a 1954 Italian comedy film directed by Enzo Di Gianni and starring Eva Nova, Ugo Tognazzi and Carlo Campanini.The film's sets were designed by the art director Oscar D'Amico.
A northern industrialist arrives in Naples with the idea of building a factory to mass-produce the pizza specialities of the region, causing uproar from the locals.
Master is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language action-thriller film written and directed by Atlee and produced by Xavier Britto under the banner XB Film Creators, the company's first production.
In August 2019, director Lokesh Kanagaraj tweeted that he would be working with Vijay in a film produced by Xavier Britto.
Along with the news, he revealed some of the crews that will work on the film, with Anirudh Ravichander being approached as the music director and Silva for stunt choerography.
Sathyan Sooryan and Philomin Raj were retained as the cinematographer and editor respectively for this film, after previously collaborated on director's Kaithi.
The film's first look poster was released on New Year's Eve (31 December 2019) with the film’s official title revealed in the picture .
In the poster, we see a group of boys facing the other way with Vijay in the middle making a silencing gesture.
Born in Pizzo, De Sando began his acting career during the mid-1970s where he was mentored on stage by Vittorio Gassman and also made several appearances on film and television.
She has collaborated with cult UK designer Markus Lupfer and has exhibited at London college of fashion, European Fashion Day in Addis and Africa Fashion Week New York.
The video was published on November 22, 2019, the video is set in the forest and green land, and shows the drama of G.E.M.
The song was peaked at number 1 at the KKBOX Taiwan and Hong Kong daily and weekly new song and single chart.
She also hopes to use songs to encourage all those who stand at the crossroads of life and are confused about the future.
Besides that, the song was peaked at number 1 for 25 days on the KKBOX Hong Kong Chinese New Song Daily Chart.
At the same time, the song was peaked at number 1 for three consecutive weeks at the KKBOX Hong Kong Chinese New Song Weekly Chart and two consecutive weeks at the KKBOX Hong Kong Chinese Singles Weekly Chart.
At the same time, the song was peaked at number 1 for three consecutive weeks at the KKBOX Taiwan Chinese New Song Weekly Chart and the KKBOX Hong Kong Chinese Singles Weekly Chart.
The 2020 Just World Indoor Bowls Championship was held at Potters Leisure Resort, Hopton-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth, England, from 9–26 January 2020.
In the Open Singles, all 16 seeds progressed to round two, which last happened in 2009 but the top four seeds failed to make the semi final stage.
Nick Brett progressed to the final and was attempting to become the first player in the history of the competition to achieve the treble of open singles, open pairs and mixed pairs during the same year.
His opponent Robert Paxton (in his third career open singles final) started well in the first set before Brett took control of the set, winning it 10-7.
The tie break went to the deciding end and Paxton's second bowl on the backhand was good enough to seal the title and deny Brett the treble.
In the Open Pairs, the third seeds Greg Harlow and Nick Brett won the title beating Paul Foster and Alex Marshall in the final which prevented the Scottish pair from winning another pairs event.
The mixed pairs saw Nick Brett win a second title and a fifth career world indoor success, he was partnered by Marion Purcell.
Liga IV Argeș or for sponsorship reasons the Liga IV Fortuna Sports, is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Argeș County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.
It is organized by the County Football Association (Asociația Județeană de Fotbal) and is competed amongst 20 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
The number of relegated team from the Liga IV – Argeș is variable and depends on the number of teams relegated from the Liga III.
In 1968, along with the territorial reorganization of the country, but also due to the large number of requests, FRF proposes a competitive system in which each county has its own football championship, which will activate the former teams in the regional championship as well as the racing and town championship teams from the previous edition.
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF).
The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
The Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Coach of the Year, is an annual college basketball award presented to the top men's basketball coach in the Big Ten Conference.
Fnality International is a Financial technology firm founded in 2019 by a consortium of International Banks and an Exchange to create a network of distributed Financial Market Infrastructures (dFMIs) using Blockchain to deliver the means of payment-on-chain for wholesale banking markets.
During conversations on market structure between Hyder Jaffrey from the UBS Innovation team and Robert Sams, CEO of UK-based Blockchain company Clearmatics, the discussion soon narrowed its focus to the need for an on-chain digital payment asset as an essential part of the infrastructure that will support tokenised markets.
In August 2016, BNY Mellon, Deutsche Bank, Santander, broker/dealer ICAP and the financial services firm NEX (since merged), Barclays, HSBC, State Street, Credit Suisse, MUFG and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce joined the USC project.
Fnality Global Payments will be made up of a series of Fnality Locals which will run a payment system in a particular currency; the Fnality Payments System.
In each currency the Fnality Payments System is an independent distributed Financial Market Infrastructure (dFMI) which will operate a private, permissioned chain to support the creation of USC, as an on-chain, digital payment instrument.
In respect of a Fnality Payment System, USC is the accounting unit used to digitally represent a Participant’s ownership over a claim, entitlement or interest in respect of funds held in the System Account (The central bank account of the Fnality Payment System).
The USC of each Fnality Payment System will be a settlement asset denominated in the fiat currency of the relevant jurisdiction or currency area.
As of December 2019, Fnality expects the first currency to be approved - followed by go-live with real business activity - in late 2020.
The facility, which was financed by a trust fund established by Zachary Merton, was opened as a convalescent home in April 1937.
It became a maternity hospital in 1939 and, after joining the National Health Service as the Zachary Merton Maternity Home in 1948, it became a community hospital in 1979.
The cinema is located in Alexandra Road, this also is the location of the Angles Theatre, and the former Selwyn Theatre.
Along with the Wisbech & Fenland Museum, Wisbech Library, Wisbech Castle, St.Peters church, hall & gardens and The Crescent this area of the town constitutes the 'Cultural Quarter'.
The Luxe cinema was converted from a redundant Women's Institute Hall and opened in March, 2009 styled as a luxury cinema with leather armchairs and two-seater sofas, and ‘premier’ sofa’s with waitress service.
The town's last operating cinema the 'Unit One' (previously The Hippodrome) had been demolished in the 1980s to make way for the Horsefair shopping centre development that opened in 1988.
The cinema was part of 'The Brinks Festival 2015' hosting 'The Secret World of Charles Darwin' by Magic Circle Comedy Award winner Ian Keebler on Monday 18th May.
In 2016 Leverington Primary Academy pupils created animated films as part of the children's arts award with Trinity House to achieve the Gold Standard and attended the official screening in June 2016.
In March 2019 the cinema launched 'Wisbech: Made in Minecraft', the town brought to virtual life by Bunny Schindler and Adam Clarke.
In 1992 Mircea Neșu was Romanian Democratic Convention's candidate for mayor of Oradea, but he lost the elections to Petru Filip.
The Whitney Biennial of contemporary art is an invitation-only exhibition which generally favors young artists and in the past helped bring greater recognition to artists like Georgia O’Keeffe, Jackson Pollock and Jeff Koons.
One of the Biennial's co-curators, Michelle Grabner, had visited Sienna Shields in her studio and seen a short video loop the artist had made with friends dancing in front of glaciers in Alaska.
of 38 international mostly black and queer musicians, poets, actors, writers and visual artists to create a digital film about racial identity for the 2014 edition.
The collective also considered the inclusion of Scanlan to be a reflection of larger issues of racism in the elite art world.
Robert Louis Freeman Sr. (April 27, 1934 – May 16, 2016) was an American politician who served as the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana from 1980 to 1988 under Governors Dave Treen and Edwin Edwards.
In the 1979 lieutenant gubernatorial election he was victorious while in the simultaneous gubernatorial election Democratic candidate Louis Lambert was narrowly defeated by Dave Treen.
During Treen's governorship the two feuded on multiple occasions with Freeman using his powers whenever Treen was out of state while Treen attacked the lieutenant governorship position as an unnecessary waste of public funds due to the position having no official duties.
In 1983 Treen vetoed a bill giving $381,000 in operating expenses to Freeman's office which forced him to fire 11 employees.
In the 1983 election he was backed by Edwin Edwards who was running for governor at the same time and in the initial election came in first against former Lieutenant Governor Jimmy Fitzmorris and in the runoff defeated him by 20%.
In the 1987 lieutenant gubernatorial initial election Freeman came in first with 40% of the vote, but in the runoff election he was defeated by Secretary of State Paul Hardy.
On May 16, 2016 Freeman died from a ruptured aneurysm in Baton Rouge and his death was confirmed by his former press secretary Lester Duhe.
At 7am on 18 April 1996, four Islamists carried out a mass shooting against a group of 88 Greek tourists outside the Europa Hotel in Cairo, Egypt.
The club was founded in 1950 and was promoted for the first to the top league of Romanian football in the 1956 season.
The club has won 31 of the league matches against Argeș Pitești which represents the most Bacău have won against any team.
They have drawn more matches with Brașov than with any other club, with 20 of their meetings finishing without a winner.
Steaua București are the side that has defeated Bacău in more league games than any other club, having won 52 of their encounters.
The worldview presupposes the idea that Greeks were somehow unique in world history and that Greek civilization essentially emerged from within itself.
Greece is where Europe should always return to because it is the 'hellenocentric world' that possesses 'the ideal’ and because, for Europe, both the temporal and spiritual journey begins there.
According to Nasos Vayenas, hellenocentrism can be understood as 'a conviction of the uniqueness of the Greek element and its superiority over everything foreign –a conviction that usually leads elevating Greekness to the level of an absolute value'.
He accuses Eurocentric historians of adopting a version of science that 'allows them to credit the Greeks with the invention of science and of 'the' scientific method'.
In Enrique Dussel's view, hellenocentrism asserts that Greece is where lies the cultural origin of the West and that Greek civilization 'owes nothing to the Egyptians and Semites', while, he argues, Greece was no more than a 'dependent' and 'peripheral Western part' of the Middle East.
Peter Green argues that it has 'distorted and diminished the achievements of any civilisation' that came in contact with the Greeks and, of course, young Macedonians.
Han Lamers argues that proponents of a hellenocentric worldview, like George Trapezuntius, tried to 'reduce all forms of progress and decline ultimately to Greek affairs'.
In the same way, Markus Winkler argues, racism and colonialism have their roots in Eurocentric worldview which essentially emerged from ancient hellenocentrism.
Kang Jung In and Eom Kwanyong also refer to hellenocentrism as the archetype of 'Westcentrism' which, they argue, has adopted the Greek civilization as its 'intellectual origin' and universalized it.
Similarly, Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni argues that hellenocentrism paved the way for 'Westernization' as a 'process of imposing Euro-North American-centric values on other people' at the expense of their own values.
Cyclone of the Saddle is a 1935 American western film directed by Elmer Clifton, starring Rex Lease, Janet Chandler, Bobby Nelson, and Yakima Canutt.
Diana Isabel Alfaro Guadalupe (born 25 August 2001) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a defender for Sporting Cristal and the Peru women's national team.
She was about to be part of the squad for the 2018 Copa América Femenina, but got injured shortly before the start of the tournament and was replaced by Carmen Suárez.
Teehan qualified for the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship via the PDC Development Tour rankings and he also won a PDC Challenge Tour event in 2019, He also reached the Quarter finals of the 2019 World Masters.
The 2012 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 26–30 September 2012 at the Manchester Velodrome.
The Brassey Institute at 13 Claremont in Hastings, England, was founded by the Brassey family between 1878 and 1881 and, as the Brassey School of Science and Art, provided for the study of arts and the sciences.
In 2019, Peter Hartlaub and Heather Knight wrote a series of articles for the San Francisco Chronicle about a proposed new scenic route.
They started by doing the existing Scenic Drive via a variety of non-car modes of transport on September 4, 2019, to figure out what works and what doesn't when one is not driving.
While the Scenic Drive starts at City Hall, the Scenic Route starts at the San Francisco Chronicle building, 5th and Mission.
Take Jefferson west through Fisherman's Wharf to Hyde, south one block to the cable car turntable, then west on Beach past Ghirardelli Square.
From Beach you wiggle south on Larkin, west on North Beach, south on Polk, then west on Bay along the edge of Fort Mason.
Zig-zag through the Marina district by going south on Scott, west on Beach (check out the Palace of Fine Arts), south on Baker, east on Bay, south on Divisadero, and west on Chestnut.
At the end of Chestnut turn south on Lyon for a block and then enter the Presidio at the Lombard Gate.
A path takes you past Lucasfilm's Letterman Digital Arts Center - look for the fountain with a life-sized statue of Yoda.
Washington winds south and east along the high ridgeline of the Presidio, turns into Arguello, and exits the Presidio at Arguello Gate.
A block down from the gate you can do a little spite-detour through Presidio Terrace, a privately owned loop road lined with mansions.
West on Lake to 8th Avenue, south two blocks to Clement, east through a nice retail district to Arguello again, then south to Golden Gate Park.
At 46th turn north, then turn left on Point Lobos Avenue which descends past the Sutro Baths ruins and Cliff House, then turns into the Great Highway.
Find the entrance to Pine Lake / Stern Grove park, then go east through the park all the way to 19th Avenue.
At Cerritos Avenue turn right, left on Moncada Way, veer left onto Urbano Drive, right on Borica Street, then immediately right again onto Entrada Court.
Go east on Ocean two blocks to Frida Kahlo Way, turn north past City College, jog east a block on Judson, then north on Gennessee to Hearst.
Go west a bit, then turn north on Twin Peaks Boulevard which ascends via a series of hairpin turns to Twin Peaks, and then down past Tank Hill.
Continue east on 16th to Mission Street, then south a block and a bit to Clarion Alley which is lined with ever-changing murals.
Climb back up a bit on Folsom to get to Bradford, then down to Nevada Street which takes you back to Cortland.
Continue on Illinois to 24th Street, go west a few blocks to Minnesota Street, north a block, then back east on 23rd to 3rd Street.North on 3rd to 20th Street, east a block to Illinois again, north to Terry Francois Boulevard.
The street eventually turns west at McCovey Cove and takes you to 3rd Street, where you can cross the Lefty O'Doul Bridge to Some Big Corporation Park, home of the San Francisco Giants.
Dan Tillberg began his career in 1973 as a singer, guitarist and percussionist in the progg-influenced duo Änglabarn, along with Sven Ingmar Olsson.
In 1977, he started his own recording studio in Malmö, Bellatrix, and a record label of the same name the following year.
These were followed in 2005 with a double CD, called Akten tar gestalt, which features a collection of his old songs, released on Mixed Media Records, a record label he started the same year with Rickard Mattsson.
The record label, which borrowed its name from the band Mixed Media, which was previously signed to Tillberg's former record label, Bellatrix, is now bankrupt, and the record label business with the associated recording studio has ended.
While Tillberg worked as a producer, he was active in the kitchen industry through the companies Köket i första rummet AB and Skånekök & Måleri AB.
She is the second Polish entrant to win the contest, and her win marked the first time a country had won the contest twice in a row.
After her birth, they returned to Poland, later moving to the United Kingdom, and then settling in Kraków when she was seven.
Gabor performed eleventh in the competition, and ultimately won the competition, placing second with the professional juries and scoring the highest with the online fan vote.
This win marked Gabor as the second Polish entrant to ever win the Junior Eurovision Song Contest, and made Poland the first country to win the contest twice in a row.
The idea for the Washington Printmakers Gallery originated with the Washington Women's Art Center and a desire to establish a gallery featuring Washington-area artists who focused on printmaking techniques.
In 2010, the gallery moved to the Pyramid Atlantic Art Center in Silver Spring, MD, and co-located with the art center until moving to the current location in 2014.
The National Small Works Exhibition, held annually since 1997, is a juried competition featuring works no larger than 100 square inches.
Past jurors include curators from the National Gallery of Art, Corcoran Gallery of Art, The Phillips Collection, and the Library of Congress.
Gustl is both a German language masculine and feminine given, often a diminutive of the masculine given names Gustav and August, and the feminine given name Augusta.
The Talangsari incident () was an incident that occurred in the village of Talangsari, Lampung, in 1989, where Islamist civilians were allegedly massacred by Indonesian Army troops.
Before long, tensions developed between the residents of the hamlet and the Islamists, resulting in some of the locals fleeing due to perceived threats.
The issue was brought up to higher local authorities, who after a meeting with the commune passed it on to the local military garrison commander, Captain Soetiman.
Following an initial arrest of several of the commune's members, Soetiman led a group of soldiers and officers to the commune on 6 February, where they were ambushed and Soetiman was killed.
Some members of the commune later attempted to disperse across Lampung, killing another soldier whom they met by chance in the process that day.
A military detachment consisting of three platoons from the Indonesian Army and a platoon of the Mobile Brigade Corps under then-colonel Hendropriyono was dispatched to the village.
According to Hendropriyono's accounts, yet another soldier and a civilian had been killed by the group, in addition to another soldier being seriously injured.
According to reports from the human rights organization KontraS, the soldiers - who were equipped with napalm bombs and helicopters - did not give any warnings before storming the village, and forced a young member of the commune to set fire to some of the huts with many still trapped inside.
Hendropriyono's account of the situation claimed that some members of the commune had deliberately set fire to the huts and prevented civilians from escaping.
A 2008 inquiry by the National Commission on Human Rights reported that 130 were killed, 50 were detained and tortured, and 77 were evicted.
Two days after the attacks, the dispersed commune members who received news of the incident stormed a military base, injuring several soldiers with six commune members killed.
She is the co-founder and CEO of Acronym, a political nonprofit organisation notable for its substantial digital advertising in the 2020 United States presidential election.
After covering the Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign, she left journalism to become a press secretary to United States Senator Jack Reed.
In 2017, McGowan launched the political strategy firm Lockwood strategy, which Campaigns and Elections magazine identified as a crucial force in Democratic Party victories in the 2017 Virginia elections.
Within just over a year, Acronym had raised tens of millions of dollars for digital advertising campaigns, running more than 100 ad campaigns and registering 60,000 voters.
In November 2019, McGowan announced that Acronym would undertake a $75 million online advertising campaign, targeting four states which are expected to be swing states in the 2020 general election for US president.
Since the campaign of incumbent president Donald Trump was reported to have a significant advantage in digital advertising during the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, this large expenditure by a Democratic-aligned organisation was considered by many political strategists and media commentators to be a crucial safeguard for the Democratic Party against the risk of being outspent in digital advertising before their presidential nominee could be chosen.
Because of the volume of money that it has raised, and because of its status as a 501(c)(4) political nonprofit organisation that is not required to disclose the donations it receives, Acronym has been widely described as a dark money group.
McGowan has received criticism from other digital advertising operatives over the lack of transparency in Acronym's funding structure, although she and some operatives have defended the 501(c)(4) funding structure as a useful innovation for progressive advertising groups to adopt.
Tara McGowan is also the host of the FWIW Podcast, a biweekly podcast about the digital race for the White House.
The science city has been named after mother of Inder Kumar Gujral and jointly funded by Government of India and the Punjab Government.
The main part of this site is a former horse paddock which was planted with 1400 native shrubs and trees between 2004 and 2008.
The childless couple devoted their life in teaching classical based vocal music to hundreds of disciples in their house located at 25, Turf Road, Bhabanipur, Kolkata.
Akhilbandhu published his first album in 1947 containing two songs in 78 RPM record; Ekti kusum jaabe and Amar kanone phutechhilo phul, though some of his unpublished songs were recorded much earlier.
Some of these are: ‘আজি চাঁদিনি রাতি গো’, ‘ওই যে আকাশের গায়ে, দূরের বলাকা ভেসে যায়’, ‘শিপ্রা নদীর বুকে সন্ধ্যা নামিল হায়’, ‘তোমার ভুবনে ফুলের মেলা’etc.
The 2019 Canadian Curling Club Championships was held from November 25 to 30 at the Leduc Curling Club in Leduc, Alberta.
In the Men's final, Paul Moffatt's rink from the Kitchener-Waterloo Granite Club in Ontario defeated the Jasmin Gibeau rink from the Club de Curling Thurso in Quebec 10-5 to claim the title.
In the bronze medal game, Northern Ontario's Ben Mikkelsen rink from the Port Arthur Curling Club shut out the Tyler Williams rink from the Whitehorse Curling Club in Yukon 12-0.
In the Women's final, Alberta's Nanette Dupont rink from the Lethbridge Curling Club defeated Nova Scotia's Tanya Phillips rink from the CFB Halifax Curling Club 9-4 to win the gold medal.
In the bronze medal game, Quebec's Isabelle Néron rink from the Club de Curling Chicoutimi beat the Peggy Dorosz rink from the Whitehorse Curling Club in Yukon 9-5.
Social investment theory is a psychological theory that claims that changes in personality traits over time are driven by changes in persons' commitments to social roles and institutions.
Since the late 1990s, there has been substantial scientific evidence that personality traits continue to change after childhood, especially during young adulthood.
Since the emergence of social investment theory, it has received support through cross-cultural studies and studies of first long-term romantic relationships, although e.g.
She went on to win the competition, scoring highest with both the professional jury and televote, winning the right to represent Poland in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Gliwice.
The contest took place on 24 November in Gliwice Arena; Gabor performed eleventh, following Yerzhan Maksim of Kazakhstan and prior to Anna Kearney of Ireland.
In the voting reveal sequence, Gabor placed second with the professional juries, receiving 112 points, and won the online vote, receiving 166 points; combined, this gave Gabor a score of 278, and she was declared the winner of he competition.
With her win, Gabor became the second Polish entrant to win the competition, and Poland became the first country to ever win Junior Eurovision two years in a row.
As winners, Poland was given the right of first refusal to host the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2020, and have publicly stated that they were interested in hosting again.
Harry Morton (April 7, 1981 – November 23, 2019) was an American restaurateur and founder of the restaurant chain Pink Taco.
Morton was the son of Peter Morton, co-founder of the restaurant chain Hard Rock Cafe, and the grandson of Arnie Morton, founder of the restaurant chain Morton's The Steakhouse.
Auschwitz 1940–1945: Central Issues in the History of the Camp is a five-volume monograph about the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust.
An enlarged and updated German edition appeared in 1999, translated by Jochen August, and an English edition in 2000, translated by William Brand and partly funded by the U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad.
The series editors, Wacław Długoborski and Franciszek Piper, are noted Holocaust historians; Piper is known, in particular, for having established widely accepted figures for the death toll within the camp.
The other researchers are Danuta Czech (former deputy director of the museum), Tadeusz Iwaszko, Stanisław Kłodziński, Helena Kubica, Aleksander Lasik, Piotr Setkiewicz, Irena Strzelecka, Andrzej Strzelecki, and Henryk Świebocki.
The film profiles four young Muslim Canadians who identify as LGBTQ, and depicts how they navigate holding dual identities that are commonly perceived to be in irreconcilable conflict.
The film premiered at the 2018 Festival du nouveau cinéma, where it received an honorable mention from the jury for the Best Canadian Student Film award.
It was subsequently screened at the 2019 Inside Out Film and Video Festival, where Cosse-Tremblay won the award for Emerging Canadian Artist.
She was one of the leaders of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition challenge and has been recognised by MIT Technology Review as one of the world's top young innovators.
When she finished her undergraduate degree she had dismissed computer science and felt disconnected from research and the only woman in her laboratory.
She worked on mechanisms to reduce the burden of image classification on human annotators, by asking fewer, and more generalised, questions about the images being inspected.
Together with Fei-Fei Li, Russakovsky developed ImageNet, a database of millions of images that is now widely used in computer vision.
Her research has considered the historical and societal bias within visual recognition and the development of computational solutions that promote algorithmic fairness.
Russakovsky has emphasised that whilst the workforces designing artificial intelligence systems are not diverse enough, only improving the diversity of computer scientists will not be sufficient for rectifying algorithmic bias.
The summer camp looks to keep bias out of artificial intelligence by educating people from diverse backgrounds about computer science, machine learning and policy.
One of the 2019 camp attendees from Bergen County Academy was so inspired by the event she founded an artificial intelligence program when she returned to high school.
The paper describes the creation of a publicly available dataset of millions of images of everyday objects and scenes, and its use in an annual competition between the visual recognition algorithms of participating institutions.
The paper discusses the challenges of creating such a large dataset, the developments in algorithmic object classification and detection that have resulted from the competition, and the current (at time of publication) state of the object recognition field.
According to Google Scholar, which includes citations of the pre-print of the article on arXiv, the article has been cited over 13,000 times in total.
Russakovsky is the author of more than 20 other academic articles, six of which have been cited more than 100 times each, according to Google Scholar.
Williams' was also becoming well known during this time for his intimate live performances, which featured his regular collaborators, Danny Flowers on Harmonica and Guitars, and David Williamson on Bass.
ClassRanked is an American educational technology company and review site based in the Research Triangle, NC that offers course ratings, reviews, and resources for US college students.
While registering for spring classes, they spent several hours scrolling through class descriptions, comparing professor reviews, and searching to fulfill academic requirements.
Over the next three months, Hall coded and developed a website that combined course evaluations, grade distribution data, and user reviews to offer students with comprehensive rankings of courses.
By the end of its first week, ClassRanked had over 1,200 user reviews and within a month was being actively used by over 80% of Duke’s student body.
By the end of August 2019, ClassRanked announced its expansion to University of Pennsylvania, UC Berkeley, UNC-Chapel Hill, and Emory University.
In November 2019, the company announced it had added a new feature allowing students to upload course syllabi to view grade distribution breakdowns and required textbooks for potential classes.
Members of Anchoromicrocotylinae differ from other Microcotylidae by the presence of a larval organ and larval hooks and the structure of the genital complex.
The male genital system includes numerous testes located behind the ovary (post-ovarian testes), a vas deferens and a complex male copulatory organ, composed of: a male atrium, a penis, and a prostate vesicle.
The female genital system include a complex ovary, a genito-intestinal canal, an ootype, a uterus, and a single dorsal unarmed vagina.
Although it was expected that most of the NFL players drafted would have no intention of signing with the new league, the WFL still wanted to have the prominent NFL players future rights assigned, preventing WFL teams from competing in the signing for the same players.
On March 19, 1974, the WFL had a second Pro Draft to select the rights to players cut by National Football League teams.
Each WFL team selected 2 NFL franchises to secure the rights to players not previously selected in the first day 40 rounds Pro Draft.
In 1975, because of the uncertainties surrounding the league, only a Pro Draft of entire NFL and CFL teams was done at its league meetings in Birmingham, Alabama.
Satterlee graduated from Priest River Lamanna High School; he received his bachelor’s degree in political science from Boise State University and his Juris Doctor from the University of Idaho.
After graduating from law school, Satterlee began his career as a private practice attorney before joining the Idaho attorney general's office.
Satterlee became the lead attorney for the Idaho State Board of Education, and eventually served as a deputy Idaho attorney general for six years.
Prior to taking office as president of Idaho State University, Satterlee served in several positions at Boise State University, including chief operating officer, vice president, and special counsel to the university president.
The 1948 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1948 college football season.
In their 13th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 12–0 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out eight of 12 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 395 to 33.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but on 1 June 1999 it became part of the cavalry.
The regiment was formed by the depot of the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment in Siena on 27 July 1941 as 131st Tank Infantry Regiment with three tank battalions formed by the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment.
On 1 September the remnants of the 131st Tank Infantry Regiment arrived in Siena to be reformed, but after Italy changed sides with the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the 131st Tank Infantry Regiment was disbanded by the Germans.
On 1 January 1953 the Italian Army raised the CI Tank Battalion equipped M26 Pershing tanks in Pinerolo as an autonomous tank battalion of the III Army Corps.
The battalion was disbanded on 31 December 1963 and its personnel contributed to the raising of the III Tank Battalion for the newly raised 32nd Tank Regiment.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
On 11 July 2013 the 131st Tank Regiment was renamed 4th Tank Regiment and the flag of the 131st was transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
Herein is a list of military interventions taken by the African Union in its member states in chronological order from their start dates.
Annick Lipman (born 13 March 1989) is a Dutch handball goalkeeper who plays for Byåsen HE and the Dutch national team.
The prison takes its name from the hill of Corradino, named after Conradin of Swabia, king of Sicily who in the 13th century also dominated the Maltese archipelago.
The prison of Corradino was built by the British colonial authorities starting from 1842 based on plans by W. Lamb Arrowsmith on the model of the Pentonville prison in London, with a capacity of 200 prisoners divided into 4 wings.
On November 28, 1942, the irredentist Carmelo Borg Pisani was executed by hanging in the prison for treason and conspiracy against His Majesty's government.
In 1999 the juvenile wing was built with 36 cells Since 2005 the prison hosts the only Maltese serial killer, Silvio Mangion sentenced to life imprisonment in 2010.
In 2011 there were 593 prisoners out of 444 places available and they were divided as follows: 384 prisoners already convicted (including 24 women); 209 prisoners awaiting trial (including 15 women); and 34 underage boys (16-22).
In 2011 the percentage of juvenile detainees (6.1%) was the highest among those in the countries belonging to the European Union.
The propeller could be hoisted up into a well on the underside of the ship, so as not to slow down the ship when she went for sails.
The cruises were financed by the Danish Government and had the objective of studying the bathymetry around Iceland, northwards toward Jan Mayen and off West Greenland, heavily inspired by the Challenger expedition and similar American and German expeditions.
Despite severe weather and ice conditions thousands of hydrographical measurements were taken and biological samples collected at a total of 144 stations, down to depths of 3500 meter.
A very large number of species of micro-crustaceans were thus described for the first time based on the material collected by the Ingolf expedition.
She continues to serve as an adjunct associate professor at American University, where her areas of research include the prison system and criminal justice.
On November 7, 2012, Brandt was sworn in as a Magistrate Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President Donald Trump nominated her on September 7, 2017, to the same court to the seat vacated by Judith N. Macaluso.
Ruby Stutts Lyells (1908 – December 22, 1994) was an American librarian and a leader of women's organizations who championed civil rights for decades.
She went on to attend the Hampton Institute Library School, receiving a Julius Rosenwald Fellowship and graduating in 1930 with a bachelor degree in library science.
Completing her master's degree at the University of Chicago in 1942, Lyells became the first black person from Mississippi to earn a degree in library science.
After receiving her library degree from Hampton Institute, Lyells returned to her alma mater Alcorn A&M College to work as the head librarian; her work in collection development served as a model for other black land grant colleges.
Two years later, she became head of the Jackson Public Library's College Park and Carver branches; Lyells was the first African American to manage libraries within the segregated system.
Lyells served a number of leadership roles in the state, including serving as president of the Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs and as the first African American executive director of the Mississippi State Council of Human Rights.
She was a trustee of the Prentiss Institute in Prentiss, Mississippi and the Ruby E. Stutts Lyells Library was dedicated in her name in May 1968.
She was a long-time supporter of the state and national Republican Party and she served on the Advisory Committee of the Co-chairman of the Republican National Convention in 1970.
Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary is a biographical dictionary of voice actors for The Walt Disney Company, written by Thomas S. Hischak.
It consists of an ornate timber screen, perforated with an intricate network of holes, tightly fitted into a window or loggia projecting from the facade of the building, usually over the main door or to its side.
Muxrabijet and roundels (round motifs sculpted on building facades) are the only two features of vernacular Maltese architecture directly deriving from Arabic culture.
Muxrabijet had the task to keep the interior of the building cool by allowing circulation of air through the carved wood.
They were also used as cooling device for storing water, and as a security measure to observe the outside without being seen.
The muxrabija is considered the ancestor of the ornate Maltese balcony, the gallarija, which is of closer resemblance of today's mashrabiya in the Arabic world.
Jesper Horsted (born February 27, 1997) is an American football tight end for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).
As a junior, he set school records with 92 receptions and 14 receiving touchdowns with 1,226 yards and was named first team All-Ivy League.
He caught 72 passes for 1,047 yards with 13 touchdowns in his senior season and was again named first team All-Ivy.
He finished his collegiate career as the schools all-time leader with 196 receptions and 28 receiving touchdowns and second with 2,703 receiving yards.
He hit .324 with seven doubles and 14 RBIs in 36 games as a junior and batted .312 in 104 games over three seasons.
He was cut at the end of training camp, but was re-signed to the Bears' practice squad on September 1, 2019.
In the third quarter, he scored his first NFL touchdown on an 18-yard reception from quarterback Mitchell Trubisky; the score tied the game at 17 apiece, and the Bears went on to win 24–20.
The male genital system includes numerous postovarian testicles, a vas deferens and a complex copulatory organ composed of: a penis-like copulatory organ, a male atrium and two prostate bags.
Alan Francis is a British politician, a former Open University researcher and Transport consultant, who served as Transport Spokesperson of the Green Party and Chair of its executive from 1998 until 2000.
He was responsible for the first attempt at synchronised computer animation at the Lab using a VCS3 synthesiser attached to the PDP15.
He is also chair of the Milton Keynes Transport Partnership For many years Frances was Green Party National Speaker on Transport.
He has been a Green Party candidate for Milton Keynes in 9 General Elections, 4 Euro elections, as well many council elections.
In June 2019, he was among those who criticised the local council's intent to permit a housing and warehouse development near Caldecotte, because the developer's proposals would prevent or seriously obstruct the East West Rail plan for a road bridge over the railway line to replace the level crossing at Bow Brickhill railway station.
In 2015, Alan was among a group of Green Party members who set up set a foodbank store outside then Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith's Grade-II listed 16th century mansion in Swanbourne to protest against the welfare cuts his government had implemented.
In December 2014, Duncan finished in the top 45 at the Web.com Tour Qualifying Tournament earning his Web.com Tour card for 2015.
His best finish on the Web.com Tour was T-2 at the 2015 Brasil Champions and T-2 at the 2017 BMW Charity Pro-Am.
Carmen Patricia Freire Chiluisa (born 28 August 1984), known as Patricia Freire, is an Ecuadorian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
Freire played for Ecuador at senior level in two Copa América Femenina editions (2003 and 2006) and the 2007 Pan American Games.
Once bound, the pair of molecules goes through a unique fluorogen activation mechanism based on two spectroscopic changes, increase of fluorescence quantum yield and absorption red shift, hence providing high labeling selectivity.
The FAST-fluorogen reporting system can be used in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and any other fluorometric method to explore the living world: biosensors, protein trafficking, high-content analysis, etc.
The para-hydroxycinnamic acid is close to 4-hydroxybenzylidene rhodanine (HBR) and its derivatives which are fluorogenic, that is, they are not fluorescent when in solution but can become so upon freedom degree freezing, for example by binding the protein pocket.
PYP has thus been modified by directed evolution in order to exacerbate its affinity for HBR analogues and to activate their fluorescence.
The FAST-fluorogen reporting system is used in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and any other fluorometric methods to explore the living world: biosensors, protein trafficking, high-content analysis, etc.
A number of fluorogens were developed for FAST and its derivates by The Twinkle Factory, varying by their emission wavelength, their brightness and their tag affinity.
The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search engine optimization.
Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all.
The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing markup.
Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating markup then they are also expected to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.
Web development is the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network).
Web development can range from developing a simple single static page of plain text to complex web-based internet applications (web apps), electronic businesses, and social network services.
A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may include web engineering, web design, web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development.
For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers) and follow standard methods like Agile methodologies while developing websites.
Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer or information systems technician.
Front-end developers are responsible for behavior and visuals that run in the user browser, while back-end developers deal with the servers.
This chronological list of Belgian families is a non-exhaustive list of Belgian families with no social distinction whose proven ancestry is prior to the 19th century and have been the subject of a historical publication.
Since these are families that have had the leisure to undertake or the means to have research undertaken on their origins in the course of the twentieth century, this list often mentions lines that have become notable or have even been ennobled.
He was the eighth Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), serving in that role from 1807 to 1822.
The gallarija is considered a descendant of the Maltese muxrabija, and it is closely related to the mashrabiya which are typical in Arabic architecture.
Yet, its use became widespread only in the 17th century, as not one of antique townscapes of Valletta and the harbour cities show any covered balcony.
The onset of the 20th century gave a new dimension to the Maltese balconies, which could now be designed in simpler Art Deco lines.
Horse Creek drains of area, receives about 47.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 436.46 and is about 65% forested.
Flosi Sigurðsson (born 10 December 1960) is an Icelandic former basketball player and a former member of the Icelandic national team.
Flosi started his senior team career with Fram where he played until he went to the United States to study at Olympia High School in 1979.
The surname Ajami or al-Ajami (Arabic: عجمي ʿajamī) has origins in the Middle East and is prevalent in Arabic speaking countries, particularly Lebanon.
Derived from Ajam (عجم) it is an Arabic word meaning mute, which today refers to someone whose mother tongue is not Arabic.
Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
The listed buildings consist of a church and a cross in the churchyard, a house, a bridge, a cowhouse, structures at an entrance to Ilam Park, and two mileposts.
Porter Gustin (born February 8, 1997) is an American football defensive end for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).
Two main theories have been put forward to explain this observation: one where the mantle including the lithosphere is cooling; the cooling mantle model, and a second where a lithosphere plate cools above a mantle at a constant temperature; the cooling plate model.
In addition, the cooling plate model explains the almost constant depth and heat flow observed in very old seafloor and lithosphere.
In practice it is convenient to use the solution for the cooling mantle model for an age-depth relationship younger than 20 million years.
The first theories for seafloor spreading in the early and mid twentieth century explained the elevations of the mid-ocean ridges as upwellings above convection currents in Earth's mantle.
This 'cooling plate model' was followed in 1974 by noting that elevations of ridges could be modeled by cooling of the whole upper mantle including any plate.
This was followed in 1977 by a more refined plate model which explained data that showed that both the ocean depths and ocean crust heat flow approached a constant value for very old seafloor.
The depth of the seafloor (or the height of a location on a mid-ocean ridge above a base-level) is closely correlated with its age (i.e.
The age-depth relation can be modeled by the cooling of a lithosphere plate or mantle half-space in areas without significant subduction.
The distinction between the two approaches is that the plate model requires the base of the lithosphere to maintain a constant temperature over time and the cooling is of the plate above this lower boundary.
The cooling mantle model, which was developed after the plate model, does not require that the lithosphere base is maintained at a constant and limiting temperature.
The result of the cooling mantle model is that seafloor depth is predicted to be proportional to the square root of its age.
In the cooling mantle half-space model developed in 1974, the seabed (top of crust) height is determined by the oceanic lithosphere and mantle temperature, due to thermal expansion.
The effective thermal expansion coefficient formula_18 is different from the usual thermal expansion coefficient formula_23 due to isostasic effect of the change in water column height above the lithosphere as it expands or contracts.
Rather than height of the ocean floor formula_27above a base or reference level formula_32, the depth of the seabed formula_33is of interest.
The depth predicted by the square root of seafloor age found by the 1974 cooling mantle derivation is too deep for seafloor older than 80 million years.
Derivation of the cooling plate model also starts with the heat flow equation in one dimension as does the cooling mantle model.
Parsons and Sclater concluded that some style of mantle convection must apply heat to the base of the plate everywhere to prevent cooling down below 125 km and lithosphere contraction (seafloor deepening) at older ages.
Morgan and Smith showed that the flattening of the older seafloor depth can be explained by flow in the asthenosphere below the lithosphere.
The usual method for estimating the age of the seafloor is from marine magnetic anomaly data and applying the Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis.
If the depth is known at a location where anomalies are not mapped or are absent, and seabed samples are not available, knowing the seabed depth can yield an age estimate using the age-depth relationships.
Along with this, if the seafloor spreading rate in an ocean basin increases, then the average depth in that ocean basin decreases and therefore its volume decreases (and vice-versa).
Two main drivers of sea level variation over geologic time are then changes in the volume of continental ice on the land, and the changes over time in ocean basin average depth (basin volume) depending on its average age.
Alexander Wienerberger (December 8, 1891, Vienna — January 5, 1955, Salzburg) was an Austrian chemical engineer who worked for 19 years at chemical enterprises of the USSR.
While he worked in Kharkov, he created a series of photographs of the Holodomor of 1932-1933, which are photographic evidence of the mass starvation of the Ukrainian people at that time.
Despite the fact that his father was Jewish and mother was Czech, Alexander himself, according to his daughter, considered himself an Austrian and an atheist.
During the First World War he was mobilized into the Austro-Hungarian Army, participated in battles against the Russian army and was captured in 1915.
In the fall of 1919, he attempted to escape from Soviet Russia to Austria through Estonia using fake documents, but failed: in Pskov he was arrested by Cheka.
During his stay in prison, his skills as a chemist were appreciated by the Soviet government, which employed foreign prisoners worked in production.
Wienerberger was appointed an engineer for the production of varnishes and paints, and later he worked in factories for the production of explosives.
In 1928, for the first time after imprisonment, Wienerberger visited his relatives in Vienna and made a new marriage with Lilly Zimmermann, the daughter of a manufacturer from Schwechat.
In 1932  he was sent to Lyubuchany (Moscow Oblast) to the position of a technical director of a plastic factory, and in 1933 transferred to an equal position in Kharkiv.
Living in Kharkov, the then capital of the Ukrainian SSR, Wienerberger witnessed a massive famine and photographed the scenes he saw on the streets of the city, despite the threat of arrest by the NKVD.
His photographs depict queues of hungry people at grocery stores, starving children, bodies of people who died of starvation in the streets of Kharkov, and mass graves of victims of starvation.
Austrian diplomats insisted on such a measure of caution, since there was a high probability of a search of personal belongings at the border, and eventual discovery of photographs could threaten his life.
Upon his return to Vienna, Wienerberger handed over the pictures to Cardinal Theodor Innitzer, who, together with the Secretary General of the International Committee of National Minorities Ewald Ammende, presented them to the League of Nations.
In 1939, Alexander Wienerberger published in Austria his own book of memoirs about life in the Soviet Union, in which two chapters are devoted to the Holodomor.
After the war, he managed to avoid the transfer to Soviet troops - he ended up in the American zone of occupation in Salzburg, where he died in 1955.
Currently, Wienerberger's photos have been republished in many other works, and are exhibited, in particular, in the Canadian Museum for Human Rights in Winnipeg.
Thanksgiving in New York City is a live album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage.
It contains the complete concert recorded at the Academy of Music in Manhattan at the late show on November 23, 1972.
It was released as a 3-disc LP on November 29, 2019, in a limited edition of 1,800 copies, as part of Record Store Day Black Friday.
The New Riders, NRPS among their many hard-core fans, have their place in American music as the creators of a psychedelic country rock sound more aligned with the Grateful Dead's bluegrass roots than the high harmonies of the Byrds...
The 2020 IFAGG World Cup series in Aesthetic Group Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics.
The film profiles Olga Nenya, a Ukrainian woman who has adopted a large family of biracial children, and tries to protect them from the sometimes virulent anti-African racism of rural Ukrainian society.
It had its Canadian premiere at the 2011 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, where it won the award for Best Canadian Documentary.
He has served as Marshal of the Senate since 12 November 2019, defeating Stanisław Karczewski with a majority of 51 votes from the Senate.
He was elected a Councillor of the Szczecin City Council from the Civic Platform List (to which he joined) at the local elections in 2006, 2010 and 2014.
He was announced on November 8, 2019, as a Civic Coalition candidate for Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland.
The 1929 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1929 college football season.
In their seventh season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled a 9–0 record, won the SIAC championship, shut out seven of 10 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 249 to 45.
A professional since 2007, he has competed for Bellator, Strikeforce, ShoXC, EliteXC, Tachi Palace Fights, King of the Cage, M-1 Global, and the PFL.
Born and raised in Samoa, Seumanutafa moved with his family to San Francisco at the age of 12, living in Bayview-Hunters Point.
Seumanutafa made his professional debut in March of 2007, winning his first three bouts all via TKO before being signed by EliteXC.
After the closing EliteXC and it's absorption by Strikeforce, Semanutafa returned to the promotion three months later at the inaugural Strikeforce: Challengers event on May 15, 2009.
Aside from fighting, Seumanutafa has worked as a personal trainer and is an assistant coach to NFL offseason player development for the Seattle Seahawks, Denver Broncos, Oakland Raiders, and his own favorite NFL team, the San Francisco 49ers.
Conversely, students who do not feel a strong sense of belonging within their school environment are frequently described as being alienated or disaffected.
There are a number of terms within educational research that are used interchangeably with school belonging, including school connectedness, school attachment, and school engagement.
School belonging is determined by a myriad of factors, including academic achievement and motivation, personal characteristics, social relationships, demographic characteristics, school climate, and participation in extracurricular activities.
Research indicates that school belonging has significant implications for students, as it has been consistently linked with academic outcomes, psychological adjustment, well-being, identity formation, and physical health—it is considered a fundamental aspect of students' development.
A sense of belonging to one's school is considered particularly important for adolescents because they are within a period of transition and identity formation, and research has found that school belonging significantly declines during this period.
The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducted an investigation of school belonging and disaffection in 2003 using data from 224,058 15-year-old students in 42 different countries.
1 in 5 students were also categorized as having low levels of school engagement, which refers to students' interest in and valuation of school, as well as their participation in school activities.
In one study involving students from Latin America, Asia, and Europe, researchers Cari Gillen-O'Neel and Andrew Fuligni found that in childhood, students generally report high levels of school belonging.
Similarly, a separate study found that students' school belonging decreased in the transition from middle to high school; these students also displayed an increase in depressive symptoms and a decline in social support, which could be considered either causes or consequences of the decline in school belonging.
For example, research has demonstrated that students' grade point averages (GPAs), a common measure of academic achievement, are positively associated with school belonging.
Carol Goodenow and Kathleen Grady, who produced the most commonly used definition of school belonging, found each of these sub-sects of academic motivation to be significant predictors of students' perceptions of school belonging.
More recent research has replicated these findings, suggesting that academic motivation plays an important role in developing feelings of school belonging.
In addition, students' perceived value of school influences their school belonging: when they perceive their assignments and education as instructive, meaningful, and valuable, they are more likely to report greater school belonging.
Personal characteristics refer to students' distinctive qualities, traits, personality, emotions, and attributes, and have been consistently identified as a substantial determinant of school belonging.
Positive personal characteristics such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, positive affect, and effective emotional regulation have been shown to help foster students' sense of school belonging.
A study by Xin Ma found that students' self-esteem had the greatest impact on school belonging compared to all other personal factors.
Conversely, negative personal characteristics like anxiety, depressive symptoms, heightened stress, negative affect, and mental illness can lower students' perceptions of school belonging.
Support, acceptance, and encouragement from these sources can help students develop the feeling that they connect and identify with their school.
This alters their perceptions of belonging at school because the school environment now seems unwelcome and distressing, making it harder to identify and connect with the school.
Relationships with one's parents can have significant implications for students' feelings of school belonging, given that parents typically provide students' first social relationships.
Such qualities within parent-child relationships have been shown to foster students' sense of school belonging by influencing their perceived connection with their school environment.
Several academic studies have identified teacher support as the strongest predictor of school belonging compared to support from peers or parents.
Teachers can help instill school belonging by developing a safe and healthy classroom climate, providing academic and social support, fostering respect amongst peers, and treating students fairly.
Teachers can also promote feelings of school belonging by being friendly, approachable, and making an effort to connect with their students.
Teaching practices that seem to promote students' school belonging include scaffolding learning, commending positive behaviors and performance, allowing students autonomy within the classroom, and using academic pressure, such as holding high expectations of students.
Several studies have found gender differences in perceptions of school belonging: some research indicates that females possess a higher sense of school belonging compared to males, while other studies have found the opposite effect and conclude that males have higher school belonging than females.
Similar to gender, some research on the effect of race and ethnicity on school belonging has found a significant relationship between the two, while other research contradicts these findings.
For example, one study found that Black students experience lower feelings of school belonging compared to white students, however, other research has found the opposite pattern or has found no significant influence of race on school belonging at all.
School climate broadly refers to the feelings associated with a school's environment and quality; it is considered to have physical (e.g.
School climate influences school belonging through its support (or lack thereof) of students' feelings of connection with and attachment to their school.
For example, researchers Casey Knifsend and Sandra Graham found that students who participated in two extracurricular activities reported greater feelings of school belonging compared to those students who participated in fewer than two.
Research has shown that when students feel a greater sense of school belonging, their mental health and well-being is improved: they exhibit greater levels of emotional stability, lower levels of depression, reduced stress, and an increase in positive emotions, such as happiness and pride.
Students who possess school belonging experience more positive life transitions as well, which can have important implications for psychological health and adjustment.
On the other hand, students who do not have a strong sense of school belonging are at risk for a number of disadvantageous psychological and mental health outcomes.
Students who lack a sense of belonging at school are at significantly greater risk for exhibiting anxiety, depression, negative affect, suicidal ideation, and overall developing mental illness.
Strong feelings of school belonging have also been shown to improve overall academic performance and achievement, as shown by increases in grade point averages.
A sense of belonging at school can also improve academic self-efficacy, or in other words, students' belief in their ability to succeed in school.
Conversely, students who lack a sense of school belonging are at greater risk for disengagement from school and potentially dropping out.
In addition, perceptions of school belonging have a significant inverse relationship with risk-taking behaviors, including substance and tobacco use and early sexualization.
The most commonly used measure of school belonging is the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scale, which was developed by Carol Goodenow in 1993.
This scale measures students' feelings of belonging and membership within a school setting by having students respond to 18 items regarding their personal feelings and experiences within school.
The items are intended to measure students' perceptions of acceptance, academic and social support, value, and contentment within their social relationships at school.
Research has found the PSSM to have high validity and reliability, attesting to its status as a valuable and functional measure of school belonging.
The Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness (HMAC) was constructed by Michael Karcher in 1999 and has been used in research as a measure of school belonging for adolescents specifically.
Max Parker, Steven Lee, and Jill Lohmeier created the School Connectedness Scale (SCS) in 2008 to assess students' peer, adult, and school relationships within three distinct categories: general support (belongingness), specific support (relatedness), and engagement (connectedness).
The School Engagement Instrument (SEI) was designed by James Appleton, Sandra Christenson, Dongjin Kim, and Amy Reschly in 2006 and is commonly used to gauge perceptions of school belonging.
In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held an international convention to develop tactics for bolstering students' perceptions of school belonging.
The CDC later advanced the work of the Wingspread Declaration in 2009 by conducting a comprehensive, systematic review of school belonging and connectedness using sources from expert researchers, the government, educators, and more.
The Sunova Spiel at East St. Paul is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, held at the East St. Paul Curling Club in East St. Paul, Manitoba.
The 1926 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tuskegee University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1926 college football season.
In their fourth season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled a 10–0 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 288 to 84.
The album was released in three versions: besides a normal CD version, the A type included a DVD extra with concert footage, while the B type DVD included two music videos.
He was the coach of the Korean national sledge hockey team which won a bronze medal at the 2018 Winter Paralympics, the country's first Paralympic medal in the sport.
Seo, who cried tears of joy at the end of the bronze-medal game, received the Paralympic Leader Award at the 10th Small Steel Sports Awards.
She was awarded the 2019 National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers Lloyd N. Ferguson Young Scientist Award for Excellence in Research.
Korley moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for her doctoral studies, where she was a member of the Program in Polymer Science and Technology.
Korley served a Climo Associate Professor in the Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering at Case Western Reserve University from 2007.
She also showed that it was possible to improve the mechanical properties of polymers by changing the rate at which different components were added to a blend.
At the University of Delaware Korley is Principal Investigator for the National Science Foundation Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE).
She has investigated the molecular structure of the sea cucumber, caddisfly silk and the extracellular matrix in an effort to design materials for soft robotics, food packaging and scratch-resistant coatings.
She was awarded the 2019 National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers Lloyd N. Ferguson Young Scientist Award for Excellence in Research recognising her work on bio-inspired materials.
Flat Creek drains of area, receives about 47.8 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 452.17 and is about 50% forested.
Its main characteristic is inclusion of not only live-action, documentary and animated films, but also music videos, experimental films and video-art.
Both the 2014 and 2015 editions consisted of two parts: Grand Prix Tour continued the tradition of organizing screenings around the globe, and Short Waves Poznań was a stationery version of the festival, with numerous screenings and events added.
The festival in its new format began to flourish with multiple new screening sections and competitions (such as Poznań Open, Dances with Camera, Urban View, Best of Seven), specialized workshops (for example movie poster making), discussion panels and other industry events.
Kiskapusi started his senior career with Kecskeméti TE in 1995, after which he also played for Újpest FC and Fehérvár FC.
In 2003, he signed for Akademisk Boldklub in the Danish Superliga, where he made eleven league appearances and scored three goals.
After that, he played for Danish club Næstved BK and Hungarian clubs Nyíregyháza Spartacus, Jászapáti VSE, Vecsési, Egri, and Csömör KSK before retiring.
The 1920 Howard Bison football team was an American football team that represented Howard University during the 1920 college football season.
In their first year under head coach Edward Morrison, the Bison compiled a 7–0 record, did not allow opponents to score a point, and outscored all opponents by a total of 132 to 0.
Maria Malibran is a 1943 Italian historical drama film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Maria Cebotari, Rossano Brazzi and Renato Cialente.
The Apostolic Nuncio to South Sudan is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in South Sudan, with the rank of an ambassador.
The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of South Sudan and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in South Sudan and the pope.
Before South Sudan became an independent nation, its territory fell within the remit of the Apostolic Nunciature to Sudan, established as a nunciature in 1972 and previously overseen by a variety of delegations with regional authority, the last of which was the Delegation to Eastern Africa erected in 1960.
Since the creation of this office, the Nuncio to has also held the title Apostolic Nuncio to Kenya; he resides in Nairobi, Kenya.
In a boring summer, a group of 8 friends (4 boys and 4 girls) decide to find news ways to entertain themselves.
Intra-Op markers: these are used during surgery, with the patient lying down on the surgery table, and doctor operating with a microscope.
Issorium (Ἰσσώριον; Issṓrion) is a hill on the northern city border of Sparta, with a sanctuary to Artemis Isora , possibly the heights known today as Klaraki.
William Orioha (born 3 March 1979), known professionally as 2Shotz, is a former Nigerian rapper and songwriter who is now a US-based photographer and filmmaker.
President Barack Obama nominated Israel on September 27, 2016, to become an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
President Donald Trump nominated her on September 7, 2017, to the same court to the seat on the vacated by Melvin R. Wright.
Prechop is a technique used in phacoemulsification in cataract surgery that uses a special instrument to mechanically divide the nucleus of the cataract.
Crane Creek drains of area, receives about 48.2 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 454.64 and is about 39% forested.
Machete Squad is a 2018 graphic novel memoir written by Brent Dulak and co-contributors about his time as a U.S. Army medic in Afghanistan.
The book has received reviews from publications including Publishers Weekly, Kirkus Reviews, Foreword Reviews, Comics Bulletin, Comicon.com, Military Times, Midwest Book Review, and Las Vegas Review-Journal.
Troika is a 1930 German drama film directed by Vladimir Strizhevsky and starring Hans Adalbert Schlettow, Hilde von Stolz and Olga Tschechowa.
In the 2010–11 season, JSM Béjaïa is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 11th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
The user puts a pouch between the upper lip and gum, and leaves it there while the nicotine and taste is being released.
The small pouches are used like chewing tobacco, but the user does not need to spit, as the contents of the pouches stay inside the pouches during use.
No studies are available to determine if smokers would switch to nicotine pouches or if they would continue to smoke and use nicotine pouches, resulting in dual use.
Nicotine pouches may entice youth as well as young adult never-smokers because they are available in an array of fruit flavors and may be used unobtrusively, but may also aid smoking cessation.
Although nicotine pouches have the possibility of being a reduced risk product, there is no independent testing of their constituents, exposure or biomarkers of effects.
Organizations in Kenya are concerned that the nicotine pouches may raise the risk of cancer, heart disease, and reproductive or developmental harms.
The Nordic Spirit pouches contain plant-based fibers, nicotine, additives, and flavorings and are intended to be put beneath the upper or lower lip and are absorbed through the gums.
The nicotine content for Velo is 2 and 4 mg. Velo states that the contents in their products consist of nicotine obtained from the tobacco plant, microcrystalline cellulose, water, salt, sucralose, citric acid, and artificial flavor.
Zyn states that the contents in their products consist of pharmaceutical-grade nicotine salt, hydroxypropyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, maltitol, gum arabic, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acesulfame K, and food-grade flavorings.
Tobacco-free nicotine pouches were for sale in Norway from 2014 to 2018, under the name Epok, identical to the Swedish Lyft apart from the name.
The Norwegian Directorate of Health argued that since Epok didn't contain any tobacco it were a new form of nicotine product, distinct from the other forms of snus approved in Norway.
New forms of nicotine products are extremely unlikely to get approved, the nicotine pouch brand ZYN had already been rejected approval twice for an extremely similar product.
Within days of the ban Epok was re-introduced to the Norwegian market, with a minute amount of bleached tobacco added, to qualify as an already approved form of nicotine product.
The 1926 Howard Bison football team was an American football team that represented Howard University during the 1926 college football season.
In their second year under head coach Louis L. Watson, the Bison compiled a 7–0 record, shut out six of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 199 to 6.
The quay is served by station Tuileries of Métro Line 1, as well as by RATP Bus Lines 24 and 72 and Noctilien Lines 11 and 24.
Its name referring to Martinican poet, author and politician Aimé Césaire was chosen by the Paris Municipal Council in March 2013.
In most of the seasons, the downloadable content has introduced a new map or a rework of an existing one and at least two new operators to play as.
There are currently 20 maps to play on between three game modes and 52 operators to choose from between attacking and defending.
Frost is a defending operator who can use a device similar to a bear trap to incapacitate enemies; while Buck, the attacking operator, has an under-barrel M26 shotgun.
Blackbeard, the attacking operator, has face shields that can be mounted onto his rifle; while Valkyrie, the defending operator, has three omnidirectional cameras that can be thrown onto any surface.
Capitão, an attacking operator, has a tactical crossbow which can be loaded with asphyxiating bolts, that will burn oxygen within a certain radius, or smoke grenade bolts that create a thick cloud of smoke.
The defending operator, Caveira, has an ability called Silent Step, allowing her to make less noise when moving as well as interrogate an immobilized enemy for the location of other enemies.
As an attacking operator, Hibana possesses a weapon that launches up to three sets of six explosives that attach to and break reinforced walls.
Jackal is a tracker on the attacking team who can reveal the location of enemies by tracking their footprints, while Mira is a defender who can create one-way bulletproof windows on walls which can be ejected, leaving a space for operators to fire through.
The operation was an update that fine-tuned many of the game's aspects, including fixes to hit boxes, spawn killing and audio issues.
The operation introduced a new map set in Hong Kong, two SDU operators named Ying and Lesion, and one Polish GROM operator named Ela.
Ying, an attacking operator, utilizes candela cluster charges that can be thrown or attached to a surface to stun enemies, similar to a stun grenade.
The operation introduced a new map set in South Korea, two South Korean operators from the 707th Special Mission Battalion named Dokkaebi and Vigil, and one Polish GROM operator named Zofia.
As an attacking operator, Lion uses a UAV to temporarily expose moving enemies via sonar; Finka is also an attacking operator and uses nanomachines to temporarily increase the health and accuracy of herself and her teammates, as well as reviving any downed teammates.
This also increases their heart and breathing rate, thus weakening them by increasing the damage taken by Smoke's toxic gas canisters, increasing the range Pulse's heartbeat scanner can detect them, and hindering their ability to listen for footsteps.
Alibi is a defending operator who can project inanimate holograms of herself, which expose the location of any enemy that interacts with the hologram with their weapons, body, or drone.
Also a defender, Maestro can install a wall-mounted directed-energy turret that he can then operate remotely, damaging enemies with rapid laser fire.
On attacking is Maverick, a US Delta Force operator who uses a small handheld blowtorch that can create small holes in reinforced walls, opening new lines of sight.
Her shield is similar to Montagne's, with the addition of a device called the Crowd Control Electro Shield, or CCE, which emits an electric field that slows and damages attackers.
On the attacking side, Nomad possesses a weapon attachment called an AirJab launcher, which launches proximity-triggered air-blast grenades that can stick to surfaces and throw opposing operators to the ground.
The operation introduced a new map set in the Outback of Australia, along with two operators from SASR, Mozzie and Gridlock.
Instead of giving an outline of the body of a detected enemy operator, Lion and his teammates instead gives a ping of their location.
Nøkk is an attacking operator from the Danish Jaeger Corps who uses her HEL Presence Reduction Device to muffle her footsteps and wipe her images from cameras.
Warden is a defending operator from the United States Secret Service who comes equipped with a pair of Glance Smart Glasses, which eliminate the effects of flashbangs and allow him to see through smoke.
A member of the Peruvian APCA, Amaru is an attacking operator who uses the Garra Hook to grapple or hoist herself onto or through ledges, windows, or open hatches.
On the defending team, Goyo is a member of the Mexican Fuerzas Especiales who possesses Volcán Shields that are similar to deployable shields, but are armed with incendiary bombs on the rear end, which can be detonated by gunfire.
The operation introduces a rework of Theme Park and two new operators from a private military company called the Nighthaven Special Intervention Group.
From India is Kali, an attacking operator armed with a CSRX 300 bolt-action sniper rifle that can toggle between 5× to 12× magnification.
Her weapon also comes with an underbarrel attachment called the LV Explosive Lance, which can be used to destroy defenders' gadgets that are within its radius of effect.
Meanwhile on the defending team, Wamai is a Kenyan operator who uses the Mag-NET System that captures the projectiles of attacking operators thrown or launched within its radius and then releases them after a short time for them to finally take effect.
With this season, the game introduces a limb penetration system in which some weapon types will be able to hit more than one target at once.
Among other changes, there are now four different colors of footprints that show how old they are and how many times an enemy operator will be pinged depending on the color.
A change was also made to Smoke's gas grenades in that they will not be able to spread through solid walls and are unable to obstruct vision.
The 1925 Howard Bison football team was an American football team that represented Howard University during the 1925 college football season.
In their second year under head coach Louis L. Watson, the Bison compiled a 6–0–2 record, did not allow a point to be scored by opponents, outscored opponents by a total of 140 to 0, and were recognized as the black college national champion.
Roman Vondráček (born September 26, 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward currently playing for Rapaces de Gap of the Ligue Magnus.
On May 10, 2015, he joined Brest Albatros Hockey where he played for one season before moving to Aigles de Nice on June 17, 2016.
The nearest settlements to Braguny are Staro-Scherdinskaya in the north, Khangish-Yurt in the east, Solsabekan-Kotar in the south-east, the city of Gudermes in the south, and Darbankhi in the south-west.
According to one version, the area was settled by immigrants from the Crimea, and by pre-Polovtsian Turks displaced on the right bank of the Terek River from the Boragan-Madzhara region.
A letter from the Terek governor in Moscow in 1621 indicates that the Kumyk ruler Soltan-Magmut (Soltan-Mahmud, Soltan-Mut) arrived with 8 princes, including the Bragunsky Kudeney-Murza, Batay-Murza Shikhmurzin and 38 of his bridles.
The authors of the early XIX century also express the idea of the prevailing influence of the Kumyk princes on the Baragun land.
Johann Peter Falk, describing his journey to the Caucasus in 1773, described the population and wealth of the Braguny possessions, then already subject to Russia.
According to the legend of the Bragunians themselves, the village was founded by the leader of the nomadic tribe Borahan, when, when crossing in the caravan over the Sunzha River, a huge sturgeon squeezed into the spokes of the arba.
A letter from the Terek governor to Moscow in 1621 indicates the arrival of the embassy of the Kumyk ruler Soltan-Magmut (Soltan-Mahmud, Soltan-Mut) with the Mychkiz and Okotsk societies, with 8 princes, including the Baragun Kuden-Murza, Batay-Murza Shikhmurzin 38 of his bridles.
Established in 1877 in memory of Queen Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, this was the first Portuguese hospital specifically dedicated to the healthcare of children, and it remains a national reference in pediatric specialties, both medical and surgical.
The Queen's own premature death of diphtheria in 1859 did not allow her to see her project to completion: her widowed husband King Peter V ordered the construction of the new hospital in a plot of land originally belonging to the extensive grounds of Bemposta Palace.
The king passed away childless one year later, and the Bemposta Hospital (as it was originally called) was unveiled by Stephanie's brother-in-law King Luís I, on 17 July 1877, the anniversary of the Queen's death, having previously ceded ownership of the hospital to the public.
The construction of the hospital was carefully planned by a commission presided by the King, and comprising , Francisco António Barral, the Baron of Kessler, Dr. Simas, the Count of Ponte, and General (Director-General of Geodesic and Cartographic Works).
After several contacts with foreign specialists in London, Berlin, and Paris, the chosen project was that of British architect Albert Jenkins Humbert, on the recommendation of Prince Albert.
When it was built, Queen Stephanie's Hospital was considered a model children's hospital, encompassing all the modern improvements in hospital construction of the day.
Queen Stephanie's Hospital is also notable for having been the place where Saint Jacinta Marto was hospitalised, and in due course died, in 1920 after having succumbed to the great influenza pandemic that swept through Europe following the end of the First World War.
On 10 February, the chief surgeon, Dr. Leonardo de Sousa Castro Freire, assisted by Dr. Elvas removed two ribs only under local anesthetic, since, because of the condition of her heart, she could not be fully anesthetised: she suffered terrible pain, which she said would help to convert many sinners.
The Echoing Green: The Untold Story of Bobby Thomson, Ralph Branca and the Shot Heard Round the World is a nonfiction book written by Joshua Prager and originally published by Pantheon Books in 2006.
The book centers on the 1951 Giant's scheme to read opposing catchers' finger signals relayed from catcher to pitcher with a telescope in the center-field clubhouse during the latter part of the 1951 MLB season.
This led to baseball's famous Shot Heard 'Round the World, when Bobby Thomson hit a three-run homer in the bottom of the ninth inning against Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca, resulting in winning the three game playoff series and the National League (NL) pennant, with a 5-4 win over the Brooklyn Dodgers.
The 1951 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series at the conclusion of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1951 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant.
The Brooklyn Dodgers rebounded to win the National League pennant in 1952, but lost the 1952 World Series to the Yankees four games to three.
Thomson's dramatic three-run homer came in the ninth inning of the decisive third game of a three-game playoff for the pennant in which the Giants trailed, 4–1.
It is a Pong clone console and the successor to the Interton Video 3000 and the predecessor of the Interton Video Computer 4000.
Robert O. Bisson (8 April 1905 – 8 December 1984) was a Brigadier General in the United States Marine Corps who served in both World War II and the Korean War.
A naval aviator and communications engineer, he was at the forefront of the Marine Corps' use of radar for early warning and fighter direction.
In 1943, as a member of VMF(N)-531, he supervised the installation and operation of the Marine Corps' first Ground-controlled interception (GCI) equipment utilized in a combat zone.
After the war he commanded Marine Air Control Group 1 and Marine Aircraft Group 13 and also served with the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing during the Korean War.
He graduated from high school in 1927 and attended the University of Illinois ffor one year prior to entering the United States Naval Academy in 1928.
He graduated on 6 June 1932 and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps that same day.
His first assignment with the Fleet Marine Force began in October 1934 when he was assigned to 1st Battalion, 6th Marines at the Marine Corps Base in San Diego, California.
Additional schooling was received at the Electronics Specialist Course given at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from August 1942 until February 1943.
Additional schooling was received at the Electronics Specialist Course given at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from August 1942 until February 1943.
Once his schooling was complete he joined the newly formed ]]From February - August 1942 he attended the United States Army's Signal Corps School at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey.
Additional schooling was received at the Electronics Specialist Course given at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from August 1942 until February 1943.
Upon graduation he joined the newly formed Marine Night Fighter Squadron 531 (VMF(N)-531) at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina as the officer in charge of their Ground Controlled Intercept detachment.
In March 1943, Bisson and 4 enlisted men were sent on temporary duty to General Electric in Syracuse, New York to receive instruction on the SCR-527 early warning radar.
At the end of May they set up their GCI equipment near Marine Corps Air Station El Centro, California in order for the squadron to train a bit more prior to deployment.
The GCI equipment was initially sited at Liapari Point on 18 October however on 25 October it was moved to Pakoi Bay because of operational necessity.
From this position they were able to provide early warning and fighter direction coverage for the Navy task forces that were sailing towards Bougainville and Choiseul Island.
During this deployment Bisson and his men established radar sites near the coast because the dense foliage of the jungle and uneven terrain were less than ideal for radar operations.
In 8 February 1944 he took command of Marine Air Warning Group 2 (MAWG-2) at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California.
On 1 February he took command of Marine Aircraft Group 43 (MAG-43) at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Hawaii as they were in the final stages of preparation for the assault on Okinawa.
For the upcoming battle, the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2d MAW) had been identified as the headquarters for the Tactical Air Force (TAF) overseeing all land-based aircraft during the battle.
Bisson's MAG-43 was subordinate to 2d MAW's headquarters and was the administrative headquarters for all members of the TAF's Air Defense Command (ADC) which had BGen William J. Wallace in command.
The headquarters was established about a half a mile southeast of Yontan Airfield in what is today the village of Yomitan.
On 25 September 1945 LtCol Bisson took command of Marine Air Control Group 1 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.
On 20 August 1948 he checked into the Armed Forces Staff College at Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads in Norfolk, Virginia.
Upon graduation he was assigned as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1 for Marine Air Reserve Training Command out of Naval Air Station Glenview, Illinois.
In 1955, after graduating from the United States Army War College he was assigned back to NAS Glenview as the Chief of Staff of the Marine Air Reserve Training Command.
In July 1957 he began his final assignment in the Marine Corps as the Commanding Officer of Marine Corps Air Station Miami, Florida.
The 1955 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling State University as a member of the Midwestern Conference (MWC) during the 1955 college football season.
In their 13th season under head coach Eddie Robinson, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the MWC championship, upset Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic, and outscored opponents by a total of 330 to 54.
He also led the club to their first two Ligue 1 titles in 1956–57, their first Trophée des Champions in 1957 and 1962, Ligue 2 in 1962–63, and their first Coupe de France in 1962.
Domingo made one appearance for the France national football team in a friendly 4-0 loss to England on 27 November 1957.
It is situated north of the Canada–United States border, northwest of Slesse Mountain, and northwest of Crossover Peak, which is its nearest higher peak.
The mountain was named to honor Royal Canadian Air Force First Lieutenant Ronald E. MacFarlane, from nearby Chilliwack, who was killed in action on December 16, 1943, at age 21.
Mount MacFarlane is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount MacFarlane is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
When it arrives in a new territory, it leaves these old enemies behind, while those in its introduced range are less effective at constraining them.
Ecologists have identified many potential reasons for the success of invasive species, including higher growth rates or seed production than native species, more aggressive dispersal, tolerance of environmental heterogeneity, more efficient use of resources, and phenological advantages such as an earlier or longer flowering season.
Invasive species may have greater phenotypic plasticity in important traits than their native competitors, allowing them to tolerate more environmental variation, or exhibit the ability to evolve rapidly to adapt to their new conditions.
Most exotic species do not become invasive, and some authors suggest that those that do represent repeated and larger introductions that generate propagule pressure.
The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) is most often applied to invasive plants, but there is evidence for its usefulness in other systems, including fish, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans.
The ERH assumes that: (1) herbivores, pathogens and parasites suppress plant population growth, (2) these enemies plague native plants more than immigrating non-native species, and (3) non-native plants are able to leverage this advantage into more rapid population growth.
A study of almost 500 exotic plant species in the United States found that they were infected by 84% fewer fungi and 24% fewer virus species than in their native ranges.
And a meta-analysis covering 15 exotic plant studies found the number of insect herbivores on average to be greater in their native than in their introduced range, with overall damage greater on native plants than on the introduced species.
In some cases, native pathogens, parasites and herbivores present significant biotic resistance to potential invasive species, as do non-native enemies that may have arrived prior to the exotic plant.
Enemy release may be weaker, too, when an exotic species is more closely related to native species in their introduced ranges, making them more likely to share herbivores or pathogens.
In a meta-analysis of 19 research studies involving 72 pairs of native and invasive plants, invasive exotic species did not incur less damage than their native counterparts and, in fact, exhibited lower relative growth rates.
The ERH is closely related to two other important theories for invasive species success: the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) and novel weapons hypotheses.
EICA asserts that because exotic plants are released from the burden of defending themselves against herbivores in their native range, they evolve to reallocate those resources to traits, such as growth and seed production, that make them more formidable competitors in their introduced range.
However, a meta-analysis of 30 studies that found evidence of evolutionary shifts in introduced species, showed no indication of a trade-off between herbivore defenses and growth.
In their introduced range, the native species are highly vulnerable to these chemicals because they have no prior experience with them, giving the exotic species a competitive advantage.
A final argument for the ERH lies in the success of biological control of some invasive species, in which herbivores or other enemies from their native environment are introduced to suppress population growth in their adopted range.
Greg Lopez (born June 7, 1964) is an American politician who served as the mayor of Parker, Colorado from 1992 to 1996 and ran in the Republican primary for governor of Colorado in 2018.
In 1969 Lopez's family moved to Dallas, Texas for public education where he graduated from Nimitz High School in 1982 and in 1988 Lopez moved to Colorado with his wife after being honorably discharged from the air force.
In 1992 Lopez became the youngest mayor in Colorado when he won the mayoralty of Parker, Colorado at age 27 as a member of the Democratic Party, but in 1994 he switched his political affiliation to Republican.
In the 1990s there were incidents of domestic abuse between him and his wife Lisa and were each plead guilty to a single charge of harassment against one another which given a deferred judgment with them having to go through marriage counseling.
In 2016 he announced his intention to seek the Republican nomination for Colorado's 2016 Senate election, but later dropped out before the primaries.
In 2017 Lopez announced his intention to run for the governorship of Colorado and qualified for the Republican primary ballot as he received over 30% of the assembly caucus vote, making him come ahead of more notable candidates like state Attorney General Cynthia Coffman, and later came in third place with 13% of the vote in the Republican primary.
Odysseus: Szenen aus der Odyssee für Chor, Solostimmen und Orchester (Odysseus: Scenes from the Odyssey for Choir, Solo Voices and Orchestra) is a secular oratorio (opus 41) composed by Max Bruch and first performed in 1873.
The musical image of the entire work, its form, appeared clearly before my mind’s eye before I had written a single note.” He entrusted the work of transforming this detailed outline into a complete work to the librettist Wilhelm Paul Graff.
When the work was published, it came out with French and English translations (by Natalia Macfarren) as well as the original German.
In contrast to the nationalist mysticism of Wagner, the classical world embodied the hopes of German liberals that the new Reich would become an enlightened, new-classical civilisation.
Bruch was careful to ensure that his work remained a dramatic piece of choral music and did not venture into the realm of the operatic.
A traditional religious oratorio had contrasting episodes of recitative and arias but Bruch created a single flowing narrative that did not adhere to this clear distinction.
One reason for its eventual decline into obscurity may be that for such a heroic and moving subject, the work seems undramatic, sometimes laboured in its setting of the text, and disjointed in its episodes; there is no narrator to link the 12 self-contained sections.
After Bruch directed its première in Barmen on 8 February 1873, the work was staged with great success and inspired the creation of many other secular oratorios.
Brahms admired it greatly and chose to conduct it himself in 1875 in the last concert he conducted at the Vienna Philharmonic.
A performance in Liverpool in 1877 was to lead to Bruch's appointment as principal conductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic Society in 1880.
By the end of 1875 it had received at least forty-two performances, and in 1893, when Bruch was made an honorary doctor by Cambridge University, the concert celebrating him opened with an excerpt from it.
Internationally, the rise of modernism in music made Bruch's romantic style seem outdated and in Germany itself, tastes in the Weimar Republic no longer included works associated with the imperialist ambitions of the kaisers.
Choral singing was a very common hobby for educated people in Germany and other countries, but declined rapidly in the early twentieth century, and the music it depended on came to be seen as sentimental.
Ashley Chin also plays a lead role in the film and also stars Dorcas Shola-Fapson, Rashid Kasirye with Giggs making a cameo in the film.
The second part of the series touches on the topics of gun culture, suicide, and abortion, outlining serious issues that affect the community living their daily lives in the streets.
Following Isaac is released from prison after taking the fall for Marcus for a gun charge, the film depicts him trying to get his life back together and rebuild relationships with his family including his mother and brother, all while trying to resist the temptations of his previous gang life, and keeping his younger brother from repeating the same mistakes he did to wound up in prison.
In November 2019, Wang sought political asylum in Australia, claiming to be a spy who was involved in the People's Republic of China's intervention in the affairs of Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan (ROC).
Online court records appear to confirm he had received a suspended sentence of 18 months from a Fujian court in October 2016.
Wang has denied these allegations and stated that he had obtained a police check which was clear of any such convictions when he applied for his Australian visa.
Wang claims that he was involved in the PRC government's operation to support pro-Beijing media outlets in Taiwan and candidates in the 2018 Taiwanese local elections, with the ultimate goal to prevent incumbent ROC President Tsai Ing-wen's re-election in 2020.
Wang also claimed to be involved in the abductions of the Causeway Bay Books booksellers in Hong Kong, although Lam Wing-kee, one of the abductees, does not recall meeting him and has reservations about his claims.
Sky News host Sharri Markson reported in the Daily Telegraph that Wang may have only been engaged in low-level work for the Chinese.
James Laurenceson, acting director of the Australia-China Relations Institute at the University of Technology Sydney criticised the Australian media for pushing the Wang story too hastily without having it verified first .
The Jing'an Branch of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau issued an official statement that Wang was a fugitive in a fraud case and that both his Chinese passport and Hong Kong permanent resident identity card were forged.
Wang claimed that he worked with the Hong Kong-based company China Innovation Investment Limited to infiltrate Hong Kong universities and media with pro-Communist Party of China operatives.
On 26 November, Taiwanese authorities detained and questioned Chinese businessman Xiang Xin and his wife Qing Gong, executives of China Innovation whom Wang identified as Chinese intelligence operatives.
Han Kuo-yu, the Kuomintang presidential candidate, rejected the claim and said if he had taken even a single dollar (from the Chinese government) for the election campaign, he would withdraw from the election immediately.
He later emigrated to France and Germany, where he worked for Joseph N. Ermolieff's Films Albatros and collaborated often with other Russian exiles.
Chris Billam-Smith (born 2 August 1990) is a British professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth cruiserweight title since November 2019.
During a career in which he compiled a record of 32–11 while representing Poole ABC, he fought in several ABA Championships, reaching the finals in 2013 and 2016; losing out to Jack Massey at 86kg and Chevon Clarke at 91kg respectively.
Smith made his professional debut on 16 September 2017 under the tutelage of Shane McGuigan, scoring a first-round technical knockout (TKO) victory over Russ Henshaw at the O2 Academy in Bournemouth, Dorset.
After compiling a record of 9–0 (8 KO), he faced fellow undefeated British prospect Richard Riakporhe (9–0 8 (KO)) for the WBA Inter-Continental cruiserweight title (9–0 8 KO) on 20 July 2019 at the O2 Arena in London.
The fight was televised live on Sky Sports Box Office as part of the undercard of Dillian Whyte vs. Oscar Rivas.
Two judges scored the bout in favour of Riakporhe with 97–92 and 95–94, while the third scored it 96–93 to Smith.
On 23 November 2019, he fought Craig Glover at the M&S Bank Arena (formerly Echo Arena), Liverpool, with the vacant Commonwealth cruiserweight title on the line.
The fight was televised live on Sky Sports in the United Kingdom and streamed live on DAZN in the United States as part of the undercard for Callum Smith's world title defence against John Ryder.
The first-round saw both fighters engage at close-quarters, with Glover suffering a cut above his left eye in the first minute of the bout from an accidental clash of heads.
In the final 10 seconds of the round, Smith hurt Glover with a straight right hand and followed up with a four punch combination culminating with a left hook which dropped Glover to the canvas seconds before the bell sounding.
Less than a minute into the fifth, Smith began to land a variety of heavy punches to the head of Glover, scoring a second knockdown with a powerful left hook to the jaw.
Glover was able to get to his feet before the referee's count of ten, only to be met by more heavy shots from Smith, who landed two straight right hands to the side of Glover's head, causing referee Mark Lyson to wave off the contest as Glover was knocked down for a third time.
Jeanne Lafortune is a Canadian economist who currently works as an Associate Professor in Economics and Director of research at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
She is also a researcher at the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL LAC), which is a global research center that aims to reduce poverty and improve life quality of people in the Caribbean and Latin America.
Lafortune holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts and her research interests focus on four main fields, including issues related to immigration, as well as economic history, family, labor and development economics.
She also served for the Government of Canada as an economist at the Economic Studies and Policy Analysis Division of the Department of Finance from 2003 to 2004.
In this research paper, Lafortune collaborates with Francisco Gallego to analyze the impact economic booms have on fertility rates in small, emerging, open economies.
Drawing from previous works on the topic, Lafortune re-evaluates empirical data that suggests a positive relationship between economic prosperity and birth rates, births and worse health outcomes of infants, and their relationship to family formation variance.
The authors found that the birth rate increases during economically prosperous periods, but this is due to the expansion of families formed before the boom rather than the creation of new families during these periods.
Additionally, the opportunity costs are different among women starting a family and women having more children, a present gap in previous literature.
The study focuses on the influence caste systems have on marriage decisions among men and women in India, over economic differentials.
However, data suggest that this value might change in the future as more people marry outside their caste (a trade-off between caste and higher economic status, education, and/or beauty).
The authors conclude that caste preference has not been undermined by economic forces, but the changing trends on these preferences should be analyzed further.
Lafortune started as an Assistant Profesor at the University of Maryland College of Behavioral and Social Sciences in the U.S. from 2008 to 2012.
She worked in the Department of Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (UC) as an Assistant Professor from 2010 to 2015, where she later became Associate Professor in 2015.
The caucus selected 6 of the 9 delegates to attend the RNC along with six alternatives, all of whom were previously designated by a caucus subcommittee.
Bo Palacios, National Committeeman, Vicky Villagomez, the National Committeewoman, and James Ada, the Chairman of the CNMI Republican Party comprised the other three delegates, all of whom were expected to vote for the winning candidate alongside the 6 chosen delegates.
These delegates received an at-large designation and were bound for the first ballot at the RNC but free to vote individually in any successive ballots.
In the chance that the chosen candidate withdrew prior to the RNC, the delegates decided which candidate to support as a group.
Polling sites were spread between the islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota and the meetings were conducted between 6:30 and 8 p.m. on the evening of March 15.
Participation in the caucus was limited to official CNMI Republican Party members with a valid photo ID or voter registration card.
Three candidates, Ben Carson, Jeb Bush, and Donald Trump sent representatives to present their respective platform, marking the second commonwealth Republican caucus in history to receive candidate representatives.
The results of the voting period were decisive, handing Donald Trump 72.82% of the vote at 343 votes and transferring all 9 delegates to his cause at the Republican National Convention.
Rounding out the voting totals was Ted Cruz at 23.99%, or 113 votes, John Kasich with 10 votes, and Marco Rubio with 5 votes out of the 471 votes cast.
Mike Mass (born October 29, 1951) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 17th district from 1990 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2006.
Nilton Varela Lopes (born 25 May 2001) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Belenenses SAD in the Primeira Liga.
He made his professional debut with Belenenses SAD in a 2–0 Primeira Liga loss away to Sporting on 10 November 2019.
The following 26 January, he scored his first goal in a 2–1 home win over Portimonense SC, with his uncle scoring the other.
Varela made his professional debut for Belenenses SAD alongside his uncle Silvestre Varela, a winger who played mainly for FC Porto and was a long-time international for Portugal.
William Pryor Letchworth once owned a tract and built his Glen Iris Estate in the area that is now part of the park.
The three major waterfalls are known as the Upper, Middle, and Lower Falls and pass through Portage Canyon in the southern section of the state park.
); Genesee Valley Sand Stone quarry showing men working; Catlin House, Cascade House, and Glen Iris, including group playing croquet and a canoe in the lake; estate of Wm.
The Genesee Valley Canal was constructed to allow boat traffic to bypass the falls, A 400 foot viaduct was built across the river.
The Fountain of the Pear Tree Canals (') is an ancient fountain discovered buried under the Plaza de Isabel II in Madrid, Spain, in 2009.
The fountain was documented variously in the 15th century as Hontanillas or Fontanillas and is thought to have been one of the first Turkish baths in Madrid.
The discovered part was built in the 17th century and was originally in length, occupying a small valley at the end of Arenal Street.
It was buried deep, along with the spring's source, and was paved over to prepare for the building of the Teatro Real, the Plaza de Oriente, and the .
Work began on reconditioning the Ópera Metro station that served the Teatro Real and the two plazas in 2009, which caused the fountain to be rediscovered.
Once the restorative work was completed in 2011 the upgraded station, now including an archeological museum, was opened to the public.
The museum showcases the fountain of the canals along with other relics found at the site, such as original parts of the Arenal Sewer, and the royal Amaniel Aqueduct.
The museum, accessed from the lobby of the Ópera station, is in size and free to anyone with a metro ticket.
The Quebec Coalition for Homeopathy is an astroturfing organization founded in 2019 by homeopathy giant Boiron to argue for the creation of a professional order for homeopaths in the Canadian province of Quebec.
In addition to Boiron, the coalition is composed of distributors of homeopathic products (Homeocan, Bio Lonreco, Distripharm, Harbasanté, Schmidt Nagel, Hylands), Quebec's trade union for homeopaths, the Canadian Homeopathic Pharmaceutical Association, the Homeopathy Research Institute, as well as a support group for homeopathy founded on the same day.
The group's objectives have been denounced by McGill University's Office for Science and Society and by several Canadian science communicators, who insist homeopathy is a pseudoscience that is not known to be effective for treating any medical condition.
She plays for the club BM Remudas and the Brazilian national team, and has earlier played for Universidade Metodista, Siófok KC, Gjøvik HK, Dinamo Volgograd, Ringkøbing Håndbold, SG BBM Bietigheim, Kastamonu BSK, Polatlı BSK, and Maccabi Srugo Rishon Lezion.
Built in 1926-27, the eighteen-story building was one of Chicago's many luxury apartment buildings constructed along Lake Michigan in the early twentieth century.
The building used a semi-cooperative ownership model, in which the residents of the largest apartments had an ownership stake in the building while smaller units were rented; the cooperative model and its variations were popular with luxury apartments, as they gave residents control over how the building was run and who could live there.
Architects Rissman & Hirschfeld designed the Tudor Revival building; while the Tudor Revival was one of many revival styles that became popular in the early twentieth century, it was relatively uncommon among Chicago's luxury apartments.
The building's design features terra cotta arches around the entrances, ornamental terra cotta panels between the windows of the upper and lower floors, a balustrade atop the sixteenth floor, and a two-story penthouse with a broken parapet.
Nazeem made his debut for Maldives on 5 September 2019 in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers match against Guam, as a 69th minute substitute replacing Asadhulla Abdulla.
A group of women helped establish the village's public library, including Patricia Atwater, past president of the North Palm Beach Library Society and mother of former Florida Senate President Jeff Atwater.
The main reading room was carpeted in gold; office and librarian space with automatic recording machines; a workshop with a fully equipped kitchen; a children’s reading area; a Florida book collection; a genealogy section; a record room; a financial news and information section; and about 11,000 volumes.
For many years, the lower level of the library was an adult computer lab and the children's section was upstairs along with the adult section.
After a partnership with The Conservancy School as an after-school program location attendance soared from 2,441 in 2013 to 14,191 in 2017, creating a need for a larger children's section.
Books, magazines, DVDS, puzzles and other materials are sold throughout the year, as well as during the Friends of the library's annual book sale.
From 1968 to 1970, he worked as a master of vocational training at a Vocational School #81 in the village of Ruzayevka, at the same time, Syzdyqov was a secretary of the Komsomol committee of the vocational school, then an instructor at the Ruzaevsky District Committee of the Komsomol.
In 1974, he graduated from the Higher Party School under the Komsomol Central Committee in Moscow with a degree in History and Social Studies.
From 1985 to 1990, Syzdyqov worked as an apparatus of the Kokshetau Regional Committee, holding the post of an instructor and an organizer of the department of organizational and party work.
In 1992, he headed the Council of People's Deputies of the Chistopol District, and in 1993, Syzdyqov was appointed as a First Deputy Head of the Chistopol District Administration.
From 1996, Syzdyqov worked in the akim offices of the Kokshetau and North Kazakhstan regions as an instructor, deputy head, and the head of the organizational and personnel department.
From 1998 to 1999, he was the director of Kogalazhar LLP in the village of Gavrilovka and the director of the Ruzaevskaya agricultural experimental station in the village of Ruzayevka.
He ran in the 2015 Kazakh presidential election, losing in a crushing defeat by only winning 1.61% of the popular vote.
Fitton Green Natural Area is a 308-acre county park in Benton County, Oregon, United States near the Marys River about 4 miles north of Philomath.
The park was named after Elsie Fitton Ross, who helped fund the acquisition of the parkland along with her husband Charles Ross, in partnership with the Greenbelt Land Trust.
The initial land was acquired in 1988 with funding assistance from the Rosses, who were the founders of the Greenbelt Land Trust.
The land trust works in partnership with Benton County's Natural Areas and Parks division to manage the property, and retains a 143-acre conservation easement.
The park comprises several forest types, including Douglas fir, mixed riparian forest, oak woodland, oak savanna, Bigleaf maple groves, old-growth forest remnants, managed conifers and tree plantations, and rare upland prairie, which supports a population of the endangered Taylor's checkerspot butterfly.
Outlaws of the Prairie is a 1937 American western film directed by Sam Nelson, starring Charles Starrett, Donald Grayson, and Iris Meredith.
It was formed on 14 November 2019 two days after the Sandu Cabinet led by Maia Sandu was ousted in a vote of no confidence.
With the support of just over 60% of MPs in the Parliament of Moldova, Chicu was approved as a replacement Prime Minister.
The Lovers of Cluj-Napoca are a pair of human skeletons discovered in 2013 by archaeologists in the cemetery of a former Dominican convent in Cluj-Napoca.
The couple are believed to have lived between 1450 and 1550 - between the year the convent was established and the year the graveyard was secularised.
The male skeleton appears to have died due to a fight or an accident as his sternum is broken, caused by a blow from a blunt object.
It is unlikely that she committed suicide, as that was considered a sin at the time and would have excluded her from being buried.
He left school at an early age and, seeking refuge and security in the streets providing for himself with petty crimes like boosting quarters from video games.
He drifted through his early teens a lost and confused kid sustaining himself by engaging in petty crimes on the streets.
Carroll was illiterate when he was imprisoned and after learning to read and write in prison at the age of 20 the stock market captured his attention and started studying it.
After being transferred to San Quentin Prison in 2012, Carroll along with fellow inmate Troy Williams, started the Financial Literacy Program.Together they created F.E.E.L (Financial Empowerment Emotional Literacy).
Along with Zak Williams, the son of comedian Robin Williams and a graduate of Columbia Business School, the duo teach a financial literacy class.
Carroll's philosophy is that most crime is attributed to a lack of financial security, which has led him to teach other San Quentin State Prison inmates about the stock market.
Jean Veillet (, born in Saint-André-de-Niort, France - death at Sainte-Geneviève-de-Batiscan, Quebec, Canada) is the unique ancestor of Veillet and Veillette of America.
Jean Veillet was a soldier of the Vaudreuil Company when he arrived in Canada, then a farmer and a forest contractor.
Jean Veillet was married on November 19, 1698 in Batiscan, Quebec to Catherine Lariou (born January 26, 1683 in Batiscan, Qc).
The Association des Veillet/te d'Amérique (Veillet/te families Association) obtained its letters patent on March 12, 1986, under the third part of the Quebec Companies Act.
It is a non-profit organization made up of the descendants of the couple Jean Veillet (1664-1741) and Catherine Lariou (1683-1756), as well as their related persons.
The street takes its name after broker Hans Christian Aggersborg (1812-1895), a founding partner of Bechgaard & Aggersborg, who purchased a piece of land at the site when Classen's Garden was sold off in lots in 1846.
Skovgaard, who was from North Zealand, had lived with Aggersborg when he just 14 years old moved to Copenhagen to study at the Royal Danish Art Academy.
Hans Christian Aggersborg kept Villa Aggersborg until his death in 1895 but it had by then fallen into a state of disrepair.
She was known as the Queen of Malibu as well as the Founding Mother of Malibu and L.A.'s first high-profile female environmentalist.
Additionally, she founded Marblehead Land Company in 1921, and most notably, the Malibu Potteries in 1926, the first business in Malibu.
The company originated Malibu tile, and the venture became one of Southern California's most successful of its kind alongside Catalina Pottery, Gladding, McBean, and Batchelder tile.
Rindge also founded the Malibu Movie Colony, building and renting cottages—and later selling them—to early Hollywood stars such as Bing Crosby, Gloria Swanson, and Mary Pickford.
She fought bitterly to preserve her family's rancho, the Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit which extended from Los Flores Canyon in Malibu into Ventura County.
Rindge successfully diverted the course of the Southern Pacific Railway by fighting their efforts to connect their Santa Barbara end terminus with Santa Monica; the route would have been coastal, not only infringing on the family ranch but destroying the natural beauty and topography of the Pacific Coast.
Rindge subsequently became known for her battle to keep the Pacific Coast Highway—at the time, Roosevelt Highway—from accomplishing the same and similar goals.
Rindge is also known as donor of the land upon which her daughter and son-in-law's home, the historic Adamson House, was built.
Her aunt, Emily Lathrop Preston, the founder and proprietor of a cult-like religious faith-healing health colony in Northern California, first brought Knight out west.
He had seen a photograph of her on Preston's piano, felt enchanted, and asked Preston for her blessing in romantically pursuing her niece.
They were then married within a week, moving out to California within the year, 1887, by way of first-class Pullman Palace rail car.
In the 1890s, the family began utilizing a Victorian ranch home they built in Malibu Canyon, which eventually burned down in a brush fire in 1903.
It had been Rindge Sr.'s dream to come to California for its temperate climate and what he had imagined as the American Riviera when he first came to California with his father on the first transcontinental railroad.
He had always wanted a farm by the sea, and once he purchased the Malibu rancho as the final Spanish land grant owner of the property, he established a cattle ranch.
He also became deeply involved in civic life, from serving as director of Edison Electric, founding Conservative Life Insurance Company, and promoting Temperance by helping close saloons in Santa Monica to building Santa Monica's First Methodist Episcopal Church and taking the post of vice president of Union Oil.
When he died suddenly at the age of 48 in 1905, Rhoda May Knight Rindge was left with the totality of his business dealings, setting the stage for her unusual position at the time as a woman at the helm of a major family estate.
Prior to her husband's death, there had been word that Southern Pacific intended to connect their Santa Barbara terminus with Santa Monica which would entail running tracks right through the vast 13,315-acre Rindge property.
Frederick hatched a plan to take advantage of an obscure Interstate Commerce Commission law that stated if one railway ran through a property, there could be no other railway doing the same.
Hence Rindge decided to build his own private track—a utilitarian one to service his cattle ranch—but died before carrying out the plan, leaving the operation up to Rhoda May.
She subsequently built the Malibu Pier and 15 miles of standard gauge track, known as the Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway, that ran down the length of the pier, where a steam-powered crane lifted cattle hides and walnuts onto boats for shipment and grains onto land for cattle-feed.
Rindge had successfully won her Southern Pacific Railway battle, but on her victory's heels came homesteaders along the edge of her property demanding county roads to be laid through her ranch for the public good.
Rindge was strictly opposed to the idea, entering the law office of O'Melveny & Myers in 1907 to take up the new fight against the Federal Government and People of the State of California.
What ensued was an approximately 16-year fight costing Rindge over $1 million a year, first to keep out the roads, then Roosevelt Highway.
The court cases were extremely complex and imbued with intense hostility, with Rindge sabotaging the public's efforts to lay roads with extreme measures.
Such measures ranged from employing armed guards on horseback to patrol her property and enforce locked gates to digging up roads and replacing them with alfalfa and pigs.
Ultimately, she lost her county roads battle and, finally, her effort against Roosevelt Highway, enumerating four California Supreme Court cases and two United States Supreme Court cases, including Rindge Co. v. County of Los Angeles.
In an effort to recoup her expenditures, she first drilled for oil on her property, establishing the Rindge derrick on Point Dume, but found none.
As the 1920s were a real-estate boom in Los Angeles, with thousands upon thousands of homes being built, and furthermore, in the tile-reliant Mission Revival, Mayan Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Moorish Revival styles, a tile business promised to be lucrative.
Women hand-painted tile with substances modernly-regarded as toxic, such as cadmium for oranges, uranium for oranges and reds, cobalt for blues, and lead for yellows.
Methods included cuerda seca and cuenca, and patterns and iconography were inspired by books from an expensive library with which Rindge furnished the pottery.
The potteries produced not only flat ceramic tiles for ceilings, walls, baseboards, and floors but also ceramic tile fountains, murals, urns, and bathroom built-ins like toothbrush holders and soap dishes.
Despite the success of the pottery, Rindge still struggled to balance her finances, even as her net worth was estimated in the many millions in 1928.
Hence, Rindge's next venture was the Malibu Movie Colony—cottages built on her beachfront by movie studio carpenters that were at first leased to figures in the nascent movie business such as Bing Crosby, Gloria Swanson, Mary Pickford, Anna Q. Nilsson, Dolores Del Rio, Gary Cooper, Lana Turner, Adela Rogers St. Johns, Carole Lombard, and Clark Gable.
Nine-thousand cases of Malibu Potteries tile were produced to adorn it, including a massive 13'x 59' all-tile faux Persian carpet, and hand-carved mahogany was to decorate it as well.
When the Great Depression hit in 1929, followed by a kiln fire that destroyed most of Malibu Potteries in 1931 (closing the Potteries entirely by 1932), Rindge was plunged into further financial trouble.
She could not afford to complete the Rindge Castle, and she was forced to sell off her Malibu Movie Colony properties other assets.
Though most of the castle eventually burned to the ground in the 1970s, various parts were salvaged, including Malibu tile, and the property is still in the hands of the Franciscans as Serra Retreat.
Her relationship with one of her sons was fractured, as he held her responsible for depleting the family wealth so severely between her court battles and lavish expenditures.
Despite having been known to the public for so many years as more than ornery, her role in preserving Malibu's ecological landscape is still felt, as large swathes are not only preserved but protected as part of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.
This includes the sprawling, nature-ensconced Pepperdine University campus, for which her daughter's family donated the first 138 acres—original Rindge ranch land.
World-famous Surfrider Beach, where her pier still stands and the Malibu Potteries lot remains vacant, is protected by the Surfrider Foundation and officially declared as the first-ever World Surfing Reserve via the Save the Waves Coalition.
Meanwhile, Rindge's pier, regarded as a Southern California landmark, has been a recreation destination since the 1950s and home to fishermen since 1934.
As a community, Malibu is known for its wealthy entertainment business denizens, a stage Rindge set by being the first in the area to rent and sell homes to elite actors, directors, producers, and other aristocratic figures.
The tile Rindge produced remains in thousands of homes, the most extensive display remaining being her daughter's home, the Adamson House, slightly west of Rindge's pier, while Los Angeles City Hall, the Mayan Theater, The Roosevelt Hotel, the Geffen Playhouse, Dana Junior High School in San Pedro, and other public buildings across the United States—and even some abroad—still contain their own examples of Malibu tile.
Though predating the Potteries by roughly 20 years, hence containing no Malibu tile, the Rindge family home she and her husband built in West Adams Heights, the Frederick Hastings Rindge House, still stands—the home Rindge lived in until she died.
Her dam in the Malibu Hills is still extant, though long out of use and plans are in place to tear it down.
Twixt Love and Ambition is a 1912 silent film short produced by the Lubin Manufacturing Company and distributed by General Film Company.
In 2016, he served as the acting Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast before being replaced by Anton Alikhanov He is ranked Colonel General as of 2018.
From 1984 to 1986, after graduation from high school, he served on the call-up service in the Northern Fleet of the Soviet Navy.
He worked at the Central Office of the Federal Security Service of Russia, going from operative officer to head of regional management.
From 2006 until 2015, Zinichev worked in the personal security of the Presidential Security Service of the Russian Federation, accompanying the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin (from 2008-2012), on working trips.
From 2012 to 2013, he underwent a retraining course at the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
In June 2015, Zinichev was appointed Chief of the Federal Security Service of Russia in Kaliningrad Oblast, replacing Alexander Kozlov in this post..
On 28 July 2016, within the framework of the largest staff rotation in 2016, President Putin appointed Zinichev as acting Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.His predecessor, Nikolay Tsukanov was appointed Plenipotentiary of the President in the Northwest Federal District at that time..
During the first press conference, which lasted 49 seconds, the priority was to attract investment to the Kaliningrad Oblast and stabilize the socio-economic situation.
On October 6, 2016, he resigned from his post as governor of the Kaliningrad region at will, due to family circumstances..
On 17 May 2018, Prime Minister Medvedev nominated Zinichev for the post of head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia instead of Vladimir Puchkov.
On 15 January 2020, he resigned as part of the cabinet, after President Vladimir Putin delivered the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly, in which he proposed several amendments to the constitution.
With over 30 years experience in various Executive and Non-Executive roles, Bronwyn has been involved in projects across European, Asian and Caribbean markets.
Having worked for various banks and ascending into leadership roles, she has held positions such as the Head of Global Research at HSBC Bank, Chief Economist at Nomura International, Managing Editor and Head of European Broadcast at Bloomberg LP and Senior Economist/Bond Strategist with Deutsche Bank Group.
Until recently, Bronwyn Curtis served as the Governor for the London School of Economics (LSE) located in the United Kingdom which has been ranked in the top 10 universities in the UK and top 50 in global rankings.
In 2008, she received the OBE (Order of the British Empire) award for outstanding service to business economics and in 2017 received an honorary doctorate from her alma mater (La Trobe University).
Bronwyn currently serves on a number of committees and is frequently called upon to speak at various conferences on matters relating to trade and finance.
Born and raised in Bendigo, Victoria in Australia, Bronwyn Nannette Schlotterlein (later married and became Bronwyn Curtis) went on to pursue ballet at the Australian Ballet School after getting her high school diploma.
She then left the ballet school and pursued a university education at La Trobe University in Australia where she received her undergraduate degree in Economics with Honours in 1969.
Curtis has an expansive career in both Finance and Media and has held various positions with both executive and non-executive titles.
After receiving her master's degree from LSE, she worked as a consultant for the World Bank and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
In 1987 Curtis took a position with Deutsche Bank Group and worked her way up to Global Head of Currency & Fixed Income Strategy in 1995.
In 1999, she made a career shift into media by taking on the position of Head of European Broadcast and Managing Editor for Bloomberg LP.
In 2008, she moved into the financial sector again by taking a position with HSBC Bank place initially as the Head of Global Research, later being promoted to Senior Advisor for Global Banking and Markets as well as Executive Editor for Global Communications.
She starts off by looking historically at what has happened in financial markets that has encouraged political parties to legislate unpopular but needed policies for their economy.
In looking at how the political structures are set up in democracies, Curtis makes mention of the fact that because the effects of policies can take time for their effects to be realised in the economy, many politicians may operate on a 'short-term' basis where politics now plays an important role in whether a government will opt to place a policy in motion or not.
She moves on to look at what has transpired in the US and UK markets mainly and categorises the pre-1980's as ruled by the boom and bust cycle in economics.
This volatility in the market required the labour force to be flexible enough for people to move in accordance with the changes in the needs of the economy (i.e.
The 1990s introduced more stability in the cyclical movements of the markets and as a result, institutions became more reliable, which in turn according to Bronwyn Curtis, led the fluctuations in the market to be manipulated by changes in expectations.
To tie this analysis to her topic, Curtis now makes the connection between changes in expectations impacting the market to the need for reliable policies.
As an example, the case of the Bank of England stating independence from the government is introduced to look at how trust in the policies implemented by the bank and their commitment to said policies affected expectations and economic growth.
In a slight shift in topic, Bronwyn Curtis shifts her focus from trust in institutions to her thoughts on Euroland and the adoption of the European Central Bank (as well as the adoption of the Euro across participating nation states across Europe).
She brings up the worry that having participating nations each operating at different economic speeds brings up a disconnect if the policies implemented by the European Central Bank are to be the same across board.
What this means is that a country like Italy, who might operate best with higher interest rates will be working with a country like France who might benefit from low and stable interest rates.
She also brings up the fact that a small number of member countries in Euroland account for 2/3 of the total GDP for Euroland and yet each country will have 1 vote in the council.
This will in turn lead the larger countries to bail out smaller countries who are in need at the cost of their individual growth for the stability of the collective.
The 3 main conclusions from this chapter hold that first, the policies that are needed for economic growth and usually not easy for the governments in power to enforce and as such will need to be spurred on by changes in the financial markets that lead to unrest with the society.
Second is that change is not undertaken voluntarily, and that similar to the first main point, a large enough crisis is necessary to spur on the demand for change.
Lastly, that the way that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in Europe has been designed, will eventually lead to tension between nation states and will eventually dissolve.
She works as a spokesperson for Gerber Knives and she promotes her own cookbook her products: a line of Hardcore Carnivore meat rubs.
Pryles is one of the hosts of the television show Aussie Barbecue Heroes which is an Australian reality competition television series on the Seven Network.
His professional activity in the 1930s to 1940s included co-invention, with Harold Edgerton and Kenneth Germeshausen, of a miniature stroboscope and handheld flash.
After he, Edgerton and Germeshausen created EG&G in 1947, Grier was involved in nuclear tests including Operation Sandstone and Operation Ranger.
Apart from electrical engineering, he took part in NASA safety boards, between the 1970s and 1980s, that assessed Skylab and the preparation of the first Space Shuttle.
For his post-secondary education, Grier graduated with a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1930s.
While working on aerial photography for Edgerton during World War II, Grier joined the Manhattan Project and built the firing mechanism used in the Fat Man bomb.
After forming EG&G with Edgerton and Germeshausen in 1947, Grier was involved in nuclear testings between the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Other executive roles Grier had were president of GEC Geonuclear Company from 1965 to 1983 and chairman of Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Company from 1969 to 1971.
The mall is a joint-venture project between Thailand’s largest retail property developer Central Pattana PCL (CPN), with a 60 per cent stake, and i-City Properties Sdn Bhd (ICP), an affiliate of i-Berhad that holds 40 per cent.
As of November 2019, the mall is the largest in Shah Alam in terms of floor area and recorded footfall of about 800,000 a month.
The mall had its soft opening on 23 March, 2019 and was officially opened by the Sultan of Selangor, HRH Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah on 15 June, 2019.
This list includes all composers who have been nominated for an Academy Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in the Best Original Score category (which, over the years, had gone by a variety of names, included song scores and arrangements, and been split into awards for scoring in dramas and comedies).
Snow Bros. 2: With New Elves is a 1994 platform arcade video game developed and published by Toaplan under their Hanafram label.
As of 2019, the rights to the title is owned by Tatsujin, a company founded in 2017 by former Toaplan member Masahiro Yuge and now-affiliate of Japanese arcade manufacturer exA-Arcadia alongside many other Toaplan IPs.
Players fight enemies by throwing snow at them enemies until it is completely covered and turns into a snowball, while partially covered enemies in snow cannot move until it shakes it off.
Once an enemy has been turned into a snowball, the player can roll it and rebound off of walls until eventually shattering against a wall, trapping any enemies on its way.
A new addition are three new playable characters, each with their own method of dispatching enemies from the playfield, however the snowman Nick was omitted in the sequel.
As with the first entry, the game hosts a number of hidden bonus secrets to be found, which are crucial for reaching high-scores to obtain extra lives.
Getting hit by enemy fire or colliding against solid stage obstacles will result in losing a live, as well as a penalty of decreasing the characters' firepower and speed to his original state and once all lives are lost, the game is over unless the players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing.
The game ran on Toaplan's Version 2 arcade board, which used a Motorola 68000 clocked at 16 megahertz, as well as Yamaha YM2151 and OKI6295 chips for sound, while its visuals were rendered at 320 x 240 pixels with 65,536 colors and displayed 256 sprites onscreen.
The arcade board is multi-regional, meaning that it can be configured for different regions via the DIP switches and these settings change several elements in the game.
On 25 April 2018, an album containing music from the title, as well as its predecessor's soundtrack was published exclusively in Japan by City Connection under their Clarice Disk label.
Joseph Keith Carter (born October 17, 1976) is an American college athletics administrator, currently the Athletic Director for the Ole Miss Rebels of the Southeastern Conference.
He was a four-year starter for the Rebels from 1995 to 1999, earning second-team All-Southeastern Conference honors as a junior and first-team as a senior.
After his playing career, Carter joined the Ole Miss athletic department in 2009 and was named executive director of the school’s athletic foundation.
The Terriers, led by ninth-year head coach Joe Jones, play their home games at Case Gym as members of the Patriot League.
The following list includes all composers who have been nominated for one of the other major film music awards other than an Academy Award, which includes Golden Globes, BAFTA Awards, Grammy Awards, Emmy Awards, International Film Music Critics Association, but have never been nominated for an Oscar for their scores (Songwriting nominations are not included in the Oscar nominees list).
Johnson was sworn in as a member of the Michigan Senate from the 13 district on January 2, 1895 and served until 1896.
In parallel, he became a journalist (radio, daily press and magazine) specializing in music and more broadly the live performance (theater, contemporary dance, street arts).
In autumn 2009, he released on the label Frémeaux & Associés an anthology of traditional music of France in 10 CDs (whose visual is the work of the American draftsman Robert Crumb).
More than 50 associations and archives centers in the region, as well as the INA, the National Library of France, the Museum of Civilizations of Europe and the Mediterranean (MuCEM), the Laval University of Quebec and the Swiss National Sound Archives are partners of this publication, which brings together nearly 300 field recordings between 1900 and 2009 flypage shop.flypage & product_id=1149 & option=com_virtuemart.
He collaborates with the English language magazine fRoots and has made several compilations for the British label World Music Network: The Rough Guide to Paris Café Music (2002); The Rough Guide to the Music of France (2003); The Rough Guide to Gypsy Swing (2005); The Rough Guide to the Music of Paris (2007); The Rough Guide to Paris Café 2nd Edition (2010).
In September 2011, he released, in collaboration with Alain Basso and the association Terres d'Empreintes , a book-CD on the traditional song in Haute-Savoie.
It highlights the sung repertoire of the village of Bessans, in Maurienne, and combines historical recordings made since the 1960s with recent collections (winter 2015–2016) carried out on site during a major ethnomusicological survey in relation to the inhabitants.
The Giant Forest Museum is a museum, dedicated to the main features of the Giant Forest area of Sequoia National Park, including its giant sequoias, meadows, and also the human history of the area.
The renovation of the market building of historic Giant Forest, started in 1999, and was completed to a museum and visitor center in summer 2001.
Buried Alive (Italian: La sepolta viva) is a 1949 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Milly Vitale, Paul Muller and Evi Maltagliati.
Too Much Mustard is a turkey trot song popular in the early 20th century, and was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic.
Crane was sworn in as a member of the Michigan Senate from the 13 district on January 4, 1893 and served until 1894.
The film is highly regarded as a landmark film in the history of African cinema as it was made with a lavish budget of US$ 1.35 million, making it as one of the biggest budgeted African films ever to be made.
Jean-Baptiste Veillet-Dufreche is the son of Jean-Baptiste Veillet-Dufreche (1802-1874), master of ironworks and mayor of Moncontour, and Victorine Allenou (sister of Jean-Marie Allenou).
Conservative candidate, he was elected member of Parliament in February 1876, but his election was invalidated and he was defeated in April 1876.
Once again elected as a member of Parliament in October 1877, he was again invalidated and defeated in the ensuing by-election in 1878 He is mayor of Coëtlogon from 1884 to 1892.
She took a one year course at the Guildford School of Acting (2011–12) before training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School (2012–15).
Doherty made a point of only watching footage of the princess at the age she was portraying her, rather than interviews of Anne in later life.
Since graduating from Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in 2015, she has appeared in a number of productions at some of London's leading theatres.
Michael Billington named Doherty as 'one of the year's greatest discoveries' after her performance in My Name Is Rachel Corrie, a one-woman play about activist Rachel Corrie.
The 2019–20 Abilene Christian Wildcats men's basketball team represent Abilene Christian University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Wildcats, led by 9th-year head coach Joe Golding, play their home games at the Moody Coliseum in Abilene, Texas as members of the Southland Conference.
In the Southland Tournament, they defeated Southeastern Louisiana in the semifinals, advancing to the championship game, where they defeated New Orleans, earning their first trip to the NCAA Tournament in school history.
Successively head of clinic, doctor of the hospitals then head of service, he is also in charge of course of therapeutic at the school of medicine from 1945 to 1964.
He is then regional delegate of the National Council of the Resistance (CNR) as well as of the Committee of Social Works of Organizations of the Resistance (COSOR).
These responsibilities during the war led him to politics, along with his medical and hospital activities: in 1945, he joined the Côte-d'Or Departmental Council.
In 1968, on the death of the famous canon Kir, deputy mayor of Dijon, Jean Veillet, then deputy, replaces him at the head of the town hall for a short period of three years.
In 1971, not standing in the municipal elections, he left the place to the promising Robert Poujade, recent MP and occupying the new Ministry of Ecology, Development and Sustainable Development.
Uriyangkhadai (Modern Mongolian: Mongolian Cyrillic: Урианхадай, , , – ) was an Uriankhai general in the Mongol Empire who led several campaigns during the 13th century Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty, including the first Mongol invasion of Vietnam.
According to Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, he participated in the conquest of Kievan Rus', conquest of Poland, and conquests of Germanic lands before being sent to China.
During the first phase of the Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty in southern China, Uriyangkhadai led 3,000 Mongol cavalry in Sichuan.
Uriyangkhadai led successful campaigns in the southwest of China against the Dali Kingdom alongside Kublai Khan and pacified tribes in Tibet after Kublai Khan's return to northern China, before turning east towards the Trần dynasty by 1257.
In the autumn of 1257, Uriyangkhadai addressed three letters to Đại Việt emperor Trần Thái Tông demanding passage through to southern China.
After the three successive envoys were imprisoned in Thang Long (modern-day Hanoi), the capital of the Trần dynasty, Uriyangkhadai invaded Đại Việt with generals Trechecdu and Aju in the rear.
According to Vietnamese sources, the Mongol army consisted of at least 30,000 soldiers of which at least 2,000 were Yi troops from the Dali Kingdom while Western sources estimate that the Mongol army consisted of about 100,000 Mongols with an additional 10,000 Yi soldiers.
While Chinese source material incorrectly stated that Uriyangkhadai withdrew from Vietnam after nine days due to poor climate, his forces did not leave until 1259.
Uriyangkhadai left Thang Long in 1259 to invade the Song dynasty in modern-day Guangxi as part of a coordinated Mongol attack with armies attacking in Sichuan under Möngke Khan and other Mongol armies attacking in modern-day Shandong and Henan.
Around 17 November 1259 while besieging Ezhou in Hubei, Kublai Khan received a messenger who described Uriyangkhadai's army advances from Thang Long to Tanzhou (modern-day Changsha) in Hunan via Yongzhou (modern-day Nanning) and Guilin in Guangxi.
Uriyangkhada's army subsequently fought its way north to rejoin Kublai Khan's army on the northern banks of the Yangtze river, after which both armies returned to northern China due to the succession crisis that emerged as a result of Möngke Khan's death at the Siege of Diaoyucheng on 11 August 1259.
The Cambridge History of Korea is a forthcoming series of books to be published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) surveying the history of Korea in four separate volumes from prehistory to the 21st century, and is anticipated to be released sometime in 2020.
According to series editor Donald Baker, the series will aim to be broad, accurate, and up to date, providing both a thorough survey of Korean history as well as comparative perspective of Korea's relationship with its neighbors.
Work on the Cambridge History of Korea was originally started in the 1990s by editorship of James Palais, but due to a lack of scholars specialized in the field in English, progress was slow, eventually stopping with his death in 2006 until work on the series was renewed under Donald Baker in 2016.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Bucharest (; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to Romania and is concurrently accredited to the Republic of Moldova.
On 13 March 1961, a team headed by Counselor Marzuki from the Indonesian Department of Foreign Affairs arrived in Bucharest to establish a diplomatic mission.
On 23 May 1961, the embassy offices moved from the Athenee Palace Hotel to the first chancery located at Strada Biserica Popa Chitu 18.
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Pakistan () is an unofficial title traditionally given, often interchangeably, to the wife or husband of the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Samina Alvi, wife of President Arif Alvi, is the First Lady of Pakistan and Bushra Maneka, wife of Prime Minister Imran Khan, is the other First Lady of Pakistan.
As the unit did not have its own facility, the Half-Company joined militia soldiers from the Lake Superior Regiment at the Port Arthur Armoury.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but on 1 June 1999 it became part of the cavalry.
On 29 August 1940 both battalions were assigned to the I Tankers Group of the Libyan Tank Command under General Valentino Babini.
In September 1940 the battalion participated in the Italian invasion of Egypt and only three months later it was annihilated on 11 December 1940 near Buq Buq during the Battle of Sidi Barrani.
On 1 April 1961 the III Tank Battalion was renamed LXIII Tank Battalion and received the traditions of the World War II battalion.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
The 63rd Tank Battalion's name commemorated 4th Tank Infantry Regiment Second Lieutenant Vincenzo Fioritto, who was killed in action on 10 September 1943 during the attempt to defend Rome against the German Operation Achse.
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.
After having ceased its colors the war flag of the 63rd was transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
Michael P. Burgess is an Australian intelligence official, and the current Director-General of Security in charge of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO).
He was the first member of his family to study in higher education, receiving a degree in electrical engineering from the South Australian Institute of Technology in 1988.
Burgess joined ASD (then called the Defence Signals Directorate) in 1995, and worked there for 18 years before leaving to work in the private sector, notably as chief information security officer for Telstra, then as a cyber-security consultant and advisor.
In August 2019, prime minister Scott Morrison and Minister for Home Affairs Peter Dutton announced Burgess had been appointed to replace the retiring Duncan Lewis as the head of ASIO.
Charles Wallace Smith (November 8, 1856August 26, 1934) was the Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1915 to 1916.
Berry Bees is an Italian children's book series by writing duo Carolina Capria and Maria Martucci, also known as Cat Le Blanc.
With their ability to hack systems, read minds, and agility, they were sent on missions that adult agents could not do.
Ehelepola Walauwa () was the ancestral home (or walauwa) of Ehelepola Disawe and his family and is located in Kandy, Sri Lanka.
He was the first Adigar (a role which combined the powers of a prime minister and a chief justice) from 1811 to 1814 under the reign King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha.
In 1814 when the king believed he failed to suppress an uprising in Sabaragamuva he sent his forces to capture Ehelepola, who fled from Ratnapura to the British-occupied port of Kalutara.
The king retaliated by brutally executing his wife, Kumarihamy and his four children, Loku Bandara, Madduma Bandara, Tikiri Manike and Dingiri Menike.
Ehelepola then aided the British in launching an invasion of the Kingdom of Kandy and was instrumental in the Kandyan Convention that followed in March 1815, which led to the annexing of Kingdom of Kandy as part of the British Empire.
Madugalle Nilame, Ellepola Nilame, Keppatipola Nilame and Kivulegedara Mohottirala were some of the inmates of this prison before they were executed by the British.
In 1998 it was designated as a 'Conserved Building' by the UNESCO as part of the listing of Kandy as a World Heritage City.
On 13 July 2013 the site was transferred from the Department of Prisons to the President, Mahinda Rajapaksa for development as a Cultural and Urban Facility Centre.
In June 2018 the walauwa was opened to the public for four days, along with Meda Wasala, Kandy Municipal Council building and Bogambara Prison, as part of a program to promote Kandy's heritage by the Urban Development Authority (UDA), in conjunction with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
In 2018 the JICA identified that the cell block buildings had been rehabilitated but not properly conserved, with most of the historic materials removed, and replaced with new materials.
The walawwa still retained its central courtyard and was not yet renovated but did have a temporary shed structure over the roof to prevent water damage.
This is a list of films produced and released by American film studio Searchlight Pictures (previously Fox Searchlight Pictures) since 1995.
The Demons, led by 21st-year head coach Mike McConathy, play their home games at Prather Coliseum in Natchitoches, Louisiana as members of the Southland Conference.
The Martin J. Broussard Center for Athletic Training is the athletic training and rehabilitation center for LSU athletics at Louisiana State University.
The two-story, 22,000 square foot facility, built in 1998, serves as the main athletic training facility for all treatments and rehabilitations.
The facility is located adjacent to Tiger Stadium and is staffed by full-time certified staff athletic trainers, certified graduate assistants and athletic training students.
The equipment includes cardiovascular equipment, equipment to build, rebuild and maintain strength along with rehabilitating joints and diagnostic tools to determine the strengths and deficits of the athletes.
Pool Rehabilitation Area<br>The 2,400 square foot pool rehabilitation area includes Jacuzzi style walk-in whirlpools, a lap pool that varies in depth and a pool for cardiovascular training.
The second level offers physician offices, an x-ray room with a casting room, an echocardiogram (EKG) station, a full-service dental clinic, an optometry center and pharmacy.
The John Weston Hawie Family Conference Room is used for meetings, student in-services and interviews and the Dr. Joe Serio Library located in the conference room stores books and periodicals pertaining to athletic training.
The second floor also contains a storage room that contains all of the medical supplies that the athletic training department would use including splints, braces and first aid supplies.
He has rendered realistic lighting effects in clouds, trees, and water waves, and has produced numerous computer animations, shown at the annual ACM SIGGRAPH conferences, and in OMNIMAX stereo at the Fujitu Pavilions at Expo ’85 in Tsukuba Japan, and at Expo ’90 in Osaka Japan.
He received the prestigious Steven A. Coons Award in 2007, and is a Fellow of the ACM and a member of the ACM SIGGRAPH Academy.
In photorealistic rendering, he was the first to render beams of light and shadow from atmospheric scattering, and developed horizon mapping to render bump shadows on bump-mapped surfaces.
The Seiran Sho (in Japanese: 青藍賞), is a race for three and four year olds in the Iwate Horse Racing Association.
He became a full professor at the University of Calgary in 1973, and continued to hold this position until his retirement in 1988.
He was a fellow of the British Psychological Society and the Canadian Psychological Association, and he became a member of the Society for Research in Child Development in 1970.
This Is My Last Film About You is a 2019 Lesotho bilingual documentary film produced, written and directed by Lemohang Jeremiah Mosese.
The film depicts the scenario of personal experiences of the director after his departure from Lesotho who now resides in Germany.
The film also received several nominations at international film festivals and was rated as one of the best African films of 2019.
Taking the form of an extended poetic letter to the protagonist's mother and motherland, the film shifts its focus and perspective between Lesotho, a tiny nation in Southern Africa and Germany where the director lives.
Lee has advocated for Neighborhood Safety Teams, that would increase the amount of police patrols in business corridors, specifically dedicated to stopping crime stemming from homeless encampments.
Lee has also advocated for the creation of a Housing Task Force to build housing that focuses on job training programs.
Lee has committed to supporting the California Clean Energy Commission's proposal to close down the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility.
In 2019, Lee proposed a resolution urging Governor Gavin Newsom to make good on the promise of shutting the facility down.
Fan Chunhai (; born March 1974) is a Chinese chemist and Chair Professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
He returned to China in July 2000 and that same year became director of the Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The Moscow Summit of 1974 was a summit meeting between President Richard M. Nixon of the United States and General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
The summit followed the Washington Summit the previous year as well as considerable progress in U.S.-Soviet relations made by Nixon in the previous two years.
The visit was the final one of Nixon's presidency as he would give his resignation speech in August of that year.
He arrived at Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow on June 27 to a military welcome ceremony performed by members of the 99th Independent Commandant's Battalion.
He was also met with cheering crowds before he went to the Grand Kremlin Palace for a state dinner that evening.
In the three day period that followed, he held talks with Leonid Brezhnev, Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, and other Soviet officials which cumilated in the signing of an economic agreement that will last a decade on 30 June.
Nixon and Brezhnev from there met once again in Simferopol and Yalta, cities in the Crimea region of the Ukrainian SSR.
It was rumored that officials from the White House officials did not want Nixon to go to Yalta due to adverse connotations with the Yalta Conference of 1945.
At the end of the summit, Nixon undertook a visit to Minsk in Belarusian SSR to attend celebrations in honor of the 30th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus.
but she found a sense of community through her participation in the Hampshire College Summer Mathematics Program, and she went on to earn her bachelor's degree at Hampshire College.
With Theodore Slaman, Groszek showed that (if they exist at all) non-constructible real numbers must be widespread, in the sense that every perfect set contains one of them, and they asked analogous questions of the non-computable real numbers.
With Slaman, she has also shown that the existence of a maximally independent set of Turing degrees, of cardinality less than the cardinality of the continuum, is independent of ZFC.
In the theory of ordinal definable sets, an unordered pair of sets is said to be a Groszek–Laver pair if the pair is ordinal definable but neither of its two elements is; this concept is named for Groszek and Richard Laver, who observed the existence of such pairs in certain models of set theory.
With mathematics colleague Dorothy Wallace and performance artist Josh Kornbluth, Groszek has also helped write and produce a sequence of educational videos about mathematics.
The peak was first climbed June 15, 1951, by Paul Binkert, John Booth, Dick Chambers, Jim Irving, Don Montgomery, and Jim Teevan.
The peak was named for Captain John M. Grant of the Royal Engineers by Fred Beckey in his Cascade Alpine Guide.
Mount Grant is related to the Chilliwack batholith, which intruded the region 26 to 29 million years ago after the major orogenic episodes in the region.
This is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, an eroded volcanic belt that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon Plate starting 29 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Grant is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Last Child () is a 2017 South Korean drama film written and directed by first-time director Shin Dong-seok and stars Choi Moo-sung, Kim Yeo-jin and Sung Yu-bin.
Six months ago, Jin Sang-chul (Choi Moo-sung) and Lee Mi-sook (Kim Yeo-jin) lost their son Eun-chan who drowned while saving one of his friends, Yoon Gi-hyun (Sung Yu-bin).
Upon learning that he has been abandoned by his parents and also recently lost his job, Sang-chul offers him a job to work for his small company.
Feeling guilty about what had actually happened to Eun-chan on the day he died, he reveals the shocking truth behind Eun-chan's death.
On 24 November 2019, a Dornier Do 228 twin turboprop aircraft operated by local carrier Busy Bee Congo crashed shortly after takeoff from Goma International Airport and impacted a densely populated section of the city, killing many on the ground.
In October 2018, a cargo plane on route to Kinshasa crashed an hour after taking off from Goma in the province of Sankuru killing eight passengers and crew.
The airline operating the plane, Busy Bee Congo, was founded in 2007 and uses Goma as the base for its fleet of Dornier 228s.
Due to lack of funds, poverty, lack of oversight, and corruption in government, airline safety in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, especially among local low-price carriers, is infamously lax with all the local carriers banned from operating in the European Union.
According to reports the aircraft took off from the airport but suffered engine failure and crashed less than a minute after take off.
The aircraft violently burst in flames after impact in one of the densely populated areas of the city, the fire preventing locals from helping victims caught in the blaze.
Collin M. Stultz is an American biomolecular engineer, physician-scientist and academic at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts General Hospital.
He is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, a Professor in the Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (also at MIT), a faculty member in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and a cardiologist at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Stultz's research is focused on understanding the behavior of biomolecules that are involved in common human diseases; on development of machine learning models to identify high risk patients; and on the development of optimal treatment strategies for high risk patients.
Stultz was also appointed to the Committee on Higher Degrees in Biopyshics at Harvard University in 2004 and joined the cardiology staff at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 2017.
In addition to his academic appointments, Stultz is a member of the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), and an associate member of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT.
Shores Salter and Stultz’s efforts to help a marathon bombing survivor in the immediate aftermath of the attack are described in the 2017 book Perfect Strangers.
Stultz's research is focused on understanding the behavior of biomolecules that are involved in common human diseases; on development of machine learning models to identify high risk patients; and on the development of optimal treatment strategies for high risk patients.
Stultz began his career in computational biophysics, modeling the structure and function of flexible proteins that play a role in a number of common human diseases.
His work in this area has involved using a combination of both computational/theoretical models coupled with biochemical experiments, which are designed to test and refine these models.
Most notably, Stultz’ research group has developed methods for analyzing and modeling intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are involved in neurodegenerative disorders.
In the mid 2010s, he and his coworkers developed a novel method for modeling IDPs that uses Bayesian statistics to quantify the uncertainty in the underlying structural ensemble.
Stultz and his lab have also developed a variational Bayes’ method that enables them to apply these methods to larger systems in a fraction of the CPU time that would be required using a standard Bayes’ formalism.
In recent years, work in Stultz’s group has shifted to the application of signal processing and machine learning tools to help identify patients at elevated risk of cardiovascular death after an acute coronary syndrome.
Stultz and collaborators have developed several ECG-based metrics that help in identifying patients at elevated risk of cardiovascular death after an acute coronary syndrome.
These include a James Tolbert Shipley Prize from Harvard Medical School, a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award (2003), the Irving London Teaching Award (2006), the W. M. Keck Career Development Professorship in Biomedical Engineering from MIT (2007), a Career Award from the National Science Foundation (2008), a Renée Finn Faculty Research Innovation Fellowship (2014).
His brief stardom coincided with neorealist attempts to replace the traditional star system by casting more ordinary figures drawn from the public.
Abena Frempongmaa Daagye Oduro (born 10 February 1959) is the Vice Dean of the Faculty of Social Science at the University of Ghana where she also holds the position of Associate Professor of the Department of Economics.
Having had 30 years of experience teaching, her areas of specialization are centred around gender and asset management, international economics, poverty analysis, macroeconomic theory and trade policy.
Abena Oduro is the first Vice President of the Association for the Advancement of African Women Economists (AAAWE) where Professor of Economics in University of Kansas, Elizabeth Asiedu, is the founder and president.
Abena Oduro, a Ghanaian national, obtained her O levels and A levels at Aburi Girls Secondary School and Wesley Girls High School respectively, both located in Ghana.
She then stayed on in the University of Glasgow to obtain an M.Litt in Economics in 1982 and started her PhD program (1983–1987) which she did not complete.
Oduro was awarded for her academic performance through The Royal Scottish Geographical Medal for Outstanding Performance (1982) and the University of Glasgow Scholarship (1983).
Abena Oduro is currently a Senior Economics Lecturer in the University of Ghana where she has been working since 1989 teaching macroeconomic theory, international economics and international trade theory in the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.
In 1999, she was appointed as the Project Officer for the Centre for Policy Analysis (CEPA) till 2001 where she went on to be a Research Fellow in this same organization until 2006.
Furthermore, aside being the Vice Dean of the Faculty Social Studies, Abena Oduro is also the Director of the Centre for Social Policy Studies in the University of Ghana and the Co-Director for the Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa (MIASA) which is an organization setup to create a platform for scholars within the Social Science field in Sub Saharan Africa to share and popularize their research.
She is also the associate editor of Feminist Economics and a co-editor for the Engendering Economic Policy in Africa issue (2015).
Oduro is part of the African Economic Research Consortium, American Economic Association and the International Association for Feminist Economics where she holds active membership roles in all of these groups respectively.
Abena Frempongmaa Daagye Oduro's work cuts across a variety of topics namely trade policy, asset management and ownership, poverty and gender analysis, labour market in low income countries and inequality and vulnerability analysis.
Aside these areas of specialization, some of her work is also centred around World Trade Organization (WTO) issues and the economics of education.
Gender analysis and asset management and control are one of the recurring themes that are present in a lot of Abena Oduro's work.
In doing so, she also delves into issues relating to rights such as the right to sell or freedom to use ones property through a critical feminist theory lens.
Abena Oduro, in this paper, explores the effect certain aspects of Ghanaian culture has on the level of control a woman has in exercising her rights to sell or to use her home as collateral.
They also investigate any forms of pay discrimination by virtue of relations between the worker and the employer, ethnic group and their work experience.
Their findings saw that there were pay differentials by ethnic group- the Northerners were typically earning less mainly because of the average level of education people from that part of Ghana have in a lifetime thereby reducing their earning power and employment mobility.
Their paper also showed that relatives of employers were also paid more and there is a preference of inexperienced workers from the same ethnic group than other ethnic groups.
Funding and owning assets such as houses, land, real estates, businesses and agriculture have shown to be more difficult for women than it is for men in the case study countries which are Ecuador, Ghana and Karnataka, India.
The paper suggests that, in order to bridge this gap in capital and land accumulation, there is a need to promote financial inclusion which focuses on both savings and credits.
They propose that although there have been policy changes to address this issue, they have not been effective enough to cause a dramatic change especially in educational levels of women in Ghana.
With respect to wages, there is a fairly large gender wage gap especially when taking into account domestic work of women.
Oduro and Ackah propose the need to have stronger policies centred around changing values and certain cultural norms to address this problem and reduce this gender gap.
John Forrest Secondary College (abbreviated as JFSC) is an Independent public co-educational high day school, located in the suburb of Morley, Western Australia.
In 2015, John Forrest started accepting year 7 students for the first time, becoming a 7-12 school, alongside most other public high schools in the state.
In 2017, the state Labor government committed $50 million to build new and refurbish existing facilities at John Forrest Secondary College.
The new facilities will include a performing arts centre, administration building, buildings for the technologies learning area, a cafeteria and new sports courts.
John Forrest Secondary College offers Department of Education endorsed specialist programs in Cricket, Music, Netball and Tennis, and the college based Academic Excellence Program (AEP) and Computer Science Program.
The music program is open to year 6's from nearby schools, where they travel to John Forrest for an hour each week.
Ashley Smith, former student of John Forrest and Head of Woodwind and Contemporary Performance at UWA school of music is the patron for the music program.
Margaret Court was previously the patron, however the school sacked her in October 2017, because her views on family and sexuality did not conform with that of the John Forrest college board, which created controversy amongst students offending different students of different beliefs.
John Forrest Secondary College is in a good location for public transport, being located near the Morley bus station and several bus routes.
Student numbers have significantly increased since 2015, partially due to year 7 students being accepted and the 2014 half cohort leaving.
It was founded by Betsy Damon, an artist and environmental activist, in 1991 with the assistance of the Hubert Humphrey Institute.
As part of this initiative, Damon, assisted by Chengdu-based artist Dai Guanyu, organized two large-scale public events in Chengdu in China and Lhasa in Tibet in 1995 and 1996, respectively, where they invited local and international artists, such as Song Dong, Yin Xiuzhen, Dai Guanyu, and Zhang Shengquan to create new works that respond to the major rivers in these cities.
They therefore provide a different perspective to the art historical canon about performance art in China in the 1990s, which had mainly focused on individual performances by male artists who created performances indoors.
Beata Smarzynska Javorcik is a Polish economist who is currently a Chief Economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
She is a former senior economist at the Development Economics Research Group of the World Bank, where prior to this position she served as a Country Economist for Azerbaijan, Europe, and Central Asia Region and involved in research activities regarding lending operations and policy advice to these countries.
She is also a program director of International Trade and Regional Economics Programme at the Centre for Economic Policy Research in London.
Her involvement in other affiliations are include, Royal Economic Society London, CESifo Munich, International Growth Centre London, and Centre for Research on Globalization and Economic Policy at the University of Nottingham.
Javorcik is currently involved in an editorial role for World Bank Economic Review, and used to be a part of editorial role for Economic Journal, Journal of International Economics, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, and Oxford Economics papers.
Her research also explores how developing countries and transition economies are able to harness globalization to stimulate the country's Economic Growth.
Prior obtaining her Ph.D, she was hired as a Research Assistant at the Chief Economist Office of the European Bank (EBRD) in London.
After earning her Ph.D, in 1999 she started working at the World Bank in Washington DC Office, where she was initially a young professional of Development Economics Research Group, and after one year she served a position as a Country Economist for Azerbaijan, Europe, and Central Asia Region.
In 2001, she is an Economist at the Development of Economics Research Group of the World Bank and finally in 2004 she became a senior economist at the Development of Economics Research Group of the World Bank.
Once she left from her position at the world bank in 2007, she became involved in teaching at the University of Oxford, where she started as a fellow and tutor in Economics at Christ Church College, Oxford, and at the same time served as a reader in Economics for three years (2007-2010) at the University of Oxford.
In 2014, Javorcik was the first woman to hold position of a Statutory Professorship of Economics at the University of Oxford.
In the same year, she started as a Professorial Fellow at All Souls College Oxford, in which a position that she is currently on leave.
On February 2019, the EBRD had appointed Beata Javorcik as its new Chief Economist is the first woman ever who holds this position.
Onsaya Joy is a live album by organist Groove Holmes recorded in 1974 and released by the Flying Dutchman label the following year.
This was part of a wider trend of many of the actors who enjoyed success in neorealist classics of the late 1940s.
The southbound station platform is southwest of County Road B, while the northbound station platform is located between County Road B and the entrance road to Har Mar Mall.
The battle of the river Tigris was an engagement between the Diadochi Seleucus and the Antigonid general Nicanor, on the southern bank of the river Tigris in the year 311 BC.
Nicanor was on route to recapture the city of Babylon from Seleucus, but he was defeated when Seleucus surprised him with an assault on his camp during the night, forcing Antigonus to cease hostilities with the other Diadochi, (Ptolemy, Cassander and Lysimachus) in order to concentrate his efforts on recapturing the city of Babylon himself.
Seleucus rushed with a few soldiers to his old satrapy of Babylon, on the way he recruited some soldiers, possibly Silver Shields at Harran, and resumed his advance to retake Babylon.
Hearing of this news Nicanor, satrap of the east under Antigonus, quickly assembled an army composed of 10,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry, with a large contingent under Eaugoras, satrap of Persia, and possibly the remaining Silver Shields who Antigonus had exiled to Arachosia in 316 BC.
After assembling his army he marched west, towards Seleucus who could gather no more than 3,400 soldiers, the majority of them infantry, so he decided to shadow Nicanor's movements and waited for him to cross the Tigris hiding in the marshy terrain around it.
The camp was lightly guarded because Nicanor thought Seleucus had fled, it was also separated from the main force who had yet to cross the river; seeing the opportunity Seleucus attacked him during the night, and caught Nicanor by surprise, amidst the fight, Eaugoras was killed and his Persian soldiers fled the battlefield or surrendered to Seleucus, Nicanor army was overwhelmed, but he was able ot escape.
The news of Seleucus's victory came as a surprise in the west and prompted a shake-up of political alignments, ending the peace.
When Antigonus was informed of the battle he ordered his son Demetrius with 19,000 soldiers to recapture Babylonia, but Seleucus was now in a much stronger position as many of Nicanor's soldiers had joined the Seleucid ranks after the battle.
The Hongkong Canton & Macao Steamboat Company was a British merchant shipping and maritime trading company founded in 1865 in the Crown colony of Hong Kong.
The Hongkong Canton & Macao Steamboat Company was founded on 20 October 1865 in Hong Kong by a collection of people tied to the shipping industry in order to support the market for regional ferry transport in the Canton area.
The company was founded in the same year as the founding of the Companies Registry which granted it the company number 2, only behind the British Traders' Insurance Company.
The HCMSCo was one of the major shipping companies that participated in the Pearl River and China trade together with the China Navigation Company, China Merchants Steam Navigation Company and Jardine Matheson's Indo-China Steam Navigation Company since its creation in the 1860's.
CMCo and the HCMSCo had entered into a collaboration to jointly carry out business in the area which continued into the early 1900s.
With the opening of the West River Trade in 1897, HCMSCo together with the China Navigation Company and Jardine Matheson's Indo-China Steam Navigation Company, partnered together to open the new trade which became active from around 1897 to 1917 following the opening of several Treaty Ports like Wuzhou, Sanshui and Jiangmen to foreign trade in 1897.
The Colonels, led by 2nd-year head coach Austin Claunch, play their home games at Stopher Gymnasium in Thibodaux, Louisiana as members of the Southland Conference.
Beust, a right-handed player, competed on the professional tour in the early 1990s, reaching a best singles ranking of 348 in the world.
At the French Open, he made the second qualifying round on two occasions, including in 1993 when he was narrowly beaten by Pat Rafter, 7–9 in the final set.
His only ATP Tour main draw appearance came at the 1994 Italian Open, where he came through the qualifiers, beating Darren Cahill en route.
He made the second round of the men's doubles at the 1994 French Open (with Stéphane Huet) and appeared in the mixed doubles the following year (with Caroline Dhenin).
Laurie tries to get Angela to sign a waiver for medical care so they can get the Nostalgia out of her system before it sets in, but Angela slips into a lucid dream.
As he walks home, other white officers abduct him, cover him in a hood, and lynch him, but stop before he chokes to death, warning him not to interfere.
Donning the mask, he rescues the couple, who thank him for the help, and news of his deed is covered in the papers, making him a hero.
Will accepts, and he and Nelson engage in sexual relations, but Nelson cautions Will to stay in his masked identity in front of the other Minutemen.
After yelling at his son for dressing as Hooded Justice, June tells Will to stay away as she is moving back to Tulsa with their son.
Selected elements of some scenes are shown in color, for example, imagery of Will's mother playing the piano in some shots.
Additionally, in seemingly one-shot takes, young Will (played by Jovan Adepo) is swapped out in scenes with Angela (Regina King) to show her immersion in the Nostalgia-induced lucid dream.
Many of the shots where Adepo and King were done with simple camera movement, allowing the actors to switch places during the shot.
Other long-takes were also done with practical effects: the shot taken of Will's point-of-view of his near-lynching was done by hoisting the camera out of the operator's hands, holding it there long enough, and then lowering back down to continue the shot, as to create the immersion they needed for the scene.
While Hooded Justice is a minor character, whose identity was never identified within the limited series, he played a key role in stopping the attempted rape of Silk Spectre by The Comedian shortly after the Minutemen had posed for their first photo session.
While not fully confirmed by the show's staff, the character of Fred, the racist white supermarket owner played by Glenn Fleshler, appears to allude to Fred Trump, the father of Donald Trump, based on both appearance and other elements that aligned with Fred Trump's biography, including his involvement with the KKK.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has an approval rating of 96% with an average score of 9.33 out of 10, based on 28 reviews.
The film featured Komal Kumar in a serious role of a cop for the first time completely different from comedic roles which he was known for.
The film tries to take itself seriously This was unnecessary as in any such film, it is entertainment that should take precedence.
In a broad sense, human magicians are also counted as among the dragon races, but in general, it refers to the original six.
A physical characteristic common to the dragon races are their green pupils, but that has changed due to the poison (curse) imposed on them by the Gods.
The curse received from the goddesses rendered male Nornir impotent, so as to prevent the race as a whole from propagating.
When the male Nornir eventually died out, the females tried to keep their race alive by interbreeding with humans, which led to the birth of human magicians.
It is also considered a disgrace by the Red Dragon tribe for anyone to see the areas of their body where they visibly change their form with their magic, as it is expected by their kind that they should be able to shift fluidly and instantaneously without notice.
It's said that Mist Dragons are the ones that human beings are the most likely out of the six dragon tribes to encounter in their lives (aside from the Red Dragons, which can mimic the form of humans) as well as one of the most dangerous, because it is designated as a walking disaster that will indiscriminately cause wide-scale destruction within miles with its ability to manipulate the atmosphere.
As a result of the Goddesses' curse, they have lost all five of their senses and do not respond to external stimuli at all.
It is said that it once built a mighty military state, but now it lives in the territory of Masmaturia (The country of Volkan and Dortin's dwarven race) and all of its kind are currently sleeping.
The effective range is within the reach of the voice, and the composition by magical power (the image of the magic that can only be perceived by the magician, of course the composition of the vocal magic can also be perceived by the dragon race), and the range of the magic is determined by the spell.
Since speech is the medium for exercising magic, it can be anything that the sorcerer screams at the time of activation, and it has nothing to do with the meaning of the words and the content of the magic you are activating.
However, most magicians use their own spells, for example because it is difficult to concentrate on the composition of words that are not too sudden.
It can be activated not only with screams but also with normal conversations, songs and moans, so it is extremely difficult to neutralize the magician while they remain conscious.
However, the white magicians are there voluntarily because there is no reason to leave, and it is almost impossible to stop the white magicians from trying to escape.
Their state of being is almost similar to that of a ghost, and they can use magic with much more efficiency and power than they would in a physical body, but it's very difficult for them to maintain their human ego and general sanity.
It easily allows an individual to manipulate space itself, deflect physical and magical attacks, erase minds and extinguish souls(or restore them), eradicate objects instantaneously, etc.
If a normal human becomes the familiar to a Deep Dragon, they will gain access to their magic and, in the case that the familiar is a sorcerer, their magical capacity increases substantially as well.
This can also prove potentially detrimental due to the distinct possibility that consciousness of the human and Deep Dragon may begin to merge.
A mutual agreement between both parties are necessary to use the contract as a medium, and it does not act at all outside the scope of the contract.
However, the called-upon spirit will overcome all obstacles(and is not limited by physical and supernatural means nor time and space) to fulfill the contract, even if the contract entails conditions such as the obliteration of an entire city.
By using the magical tools that were left behind by the Fairy Dragons, humans can reproduce this magic to a limited extent.
It allows one to gain powerful shape-shifting abilities in combination with augmenting the user's strength, such as the ability change the shape of their limbs into weapons such as whips or spears, regeneration, fluidization and complete transparency of the body.
While the power itself is regarded as weaker than that of other dragon races (except for black and white magic), the effective range of this magic spans for several kilometers.
They gather orphans with magical skills from various places and nurture them in classroom units, and those within Childman's classrooms are among the most exceptional.
It is also the headquarters of the Confederate Magician Alliance (Damzul's Oryzans), and self-government is carried out by the highest executive department centered on the Tower's council of Elders.
The Three Goddesses of Fate: Urd (Goddess of the Past), Verdandi (Goddess of the Present), and Skuld (Goddess of the Future).
They receive anti-mage combat training at a young age and wield special tempered glass swords, of which there are only eight on the continent, as well as magical technology left behind by the Dragon Races.
The Thirteen Apostles are the most powerful sorcerers on the Kiesalhima continent, and their army consists of no more than one-hundred top-ranked mages.
The Bostancı Show Center () is a convention center located on the Mehmet Şevki Paşa in Bostancı, Kadıköy, opened in 1991.
The first series of events taking place at the Bostancı Show Center following its opening on 23 April 1991 were a number of concerts between 25-28 April 1991 by Sezen Aksu, who was accompanied by artists such as Sertab Erener, Levent Yüksel, Onno Tunç, Garo Mafyan, Orhan Topçuoğlu, Cengiz Teoman and Aykut Gürel.
Mirkelam performed for the first time in a song contest organized by Show TV on 25 June 1995 at the Bostancı Show Center.
Two of Led Zeppelin members, vocalist Robert Plant and guitarist Jimmy Page, gave their first Istanbul concerts on 5-6 March 1998 at the Bostancı Show Center.
After suffering from brain hemorrhage, Ebru Gündeş gave her first concert at the Bostancı Show Center on 11 March 2000, and donated its proceeds to the Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Foundation Hospital.
The concert performed by Duman rock band at the Bostancı Show Center on 4 October 2003 was released as a DVD by Murat Akad.
Şebnem Ferah's concert with Orhan Şallıel's orchestra titled the Istanbul Symphonic Project took place on 10 March 2007 at the Bostancı Show Center and was later released on DVD.
Folk poet and musician Neşet Ertaş announced his concert at the Bostancı Show Center with Nuray Hafiftaş on 14 November 2009 as the last concert of his 65-year artistic career, though he later changed this decision as a result of a huge number of requests by fans.
Artist Kamil Sönmez celebrated his 45th year of career on 15 November 2012 with an event organized at the Bostancı Show Center.
No One Else Can Wear Your Crown is the upcoming third studio album by London-based alt-pop duo Oh Wonder, scheduled to be released through Island Records on 7 February 2020.
A domestic servant (S. S. Rajendran) is forced by his wealthy master to marry his modern daughter (Rajasree) to avoid an awkward situation.
He then conspires with a nurse (C. R. Vijayakumari) and feigns to make love to her to create jealousy in his wife.
Contract for the Web is an initiative by the World Wide Web Foundation in November 2019 to attempt to address issues of political manipulation, fake news, privacy violations, and other malign forces on the internet.
The initiative is the product of work for more than a year by over 80 people drawn from government, businesses and the general public.
It was launched 25 November 2019 by Tim Berners-Lee of the World Wide Web Foundation, occurring before the start of the UN Internet Governance Forum meeting in Berlin.
Despite backing the plan, Facebook appeared to be ignoring Berners-Lee's request to Mark Zuckerberg to cease targeted political adverts for the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
Gertrude and Muirhead became engaged in 1898, but could not afford to marry until five years later, when he published his first portfolio of drawings.
The novel follows an unmarried, middle-aged cottager, Ann Hilton, who visits the other women in her country village to give them advice.
Ann Hilton takes particular interest in a farm girl, Jane Evans, who is seduced and made pregnant by the local squire and dies in the local infirmary.
These are pictures of an impressionist--that is to say, it is left to us to make a body for a few vivid words, but Mrs Bone's skill is indisputable.
She never allows us to forget that there is much beauty even in a plain country, but the great merit of her book is that, without shirking either the plainness or the meanness, she yet makes us feel the fine quality of the human nature which persists in its life, in spite of everything.
It is native to the Western Hemisphere, where it is found in coastal areas from Florida in the United States south to Colombia and Venezuela, as well as in Bermuda and the Caribbean.
He has authored more than 25 classical works and over 150 research papers on Vedanta in general and Dvaita Vedanta in particular.
His ‘'History of Dvaita School Of Vedanta And Its Literature'’ is a monumental work which brought him the highest national literary distinction of the Sahitya Academy Award in 1963.
Sharma is the recipient of the President of India's Award for Eminent Sanskrit Scholars in 1992 and the Government of Maharashtra's Award for Sanskrit in 1993.
Sharma was born on 9 June 1909 in Salem, Tamil Nadu in a Madhva Brahmin family of Sanskrit Scholars of the former Cochin State of Kerala.
He is Professor in the Department of Family and Consumer Studies and Adjunct Professor of Sociology at the University of Utah.
Wolfinger joined the Department of Family and Consumer Studies at the University of Utah in 1998 as an Assistant Professor, later becoming Associate Professor and then Full Professor.
Wolfinger's work has been covered in the New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and The Los Angeles Times.
He has also conducted qualitative research based on interviews and surveys, and has published methodological work on both quantitative and qualitative research methods.
He found that the rate of divorce transmission between generations, the propensity to divorce as the result of growing up in a divorced family, diminished greatly between 1973 and 1996.
His research indicated that parental divorce increases the chances of teenage marriage, but past age twenty makes marriage about a third less likely.
National panel data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients showed that family formation completely explains women's fortunes on the academic job market; indeed, single women without young children are more likely than men to obtain tenure-track employment.
They have analyzed data analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Current Population Survey to show how demographic shifts and changing job skills have affected single mothers’ incomes.
Plau Castle is divided into two parts, the castle tower and the museum, Run by honorary members of the Plauer Heimatverein, it attracts more visitors year after year.
Soon after their divorce, Lora met Mies van der Rohe in 1940 and they remained partners until Mies' death in 1969.
Lora's art deco sculptures were created for the Tavern Club in Chicago, IL and are a part of the permanent collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Lerrone Richards (born 25 August 1992) is a British professional boxer who has held the Commonwealth super-middleweight title since April 2019 and the British super-middleweight title since November 2019.
Richards made his professional debut on 29 September 2013, scoring a four-round points decision victory over Robert Studzinski at the York Hall in London.
With four wins out of four fights under his belt, Richards had a two year absence from competitive bouts while waiting for his contract to expire with his current management team due to a dispute; his last fight being a points decision win over Darren McKenna in April 2014.
His return to the ring came on 24 October of that year, winning with a first-round technical knockout (TKO) against Gordan Glisic.
He fought and won five times in 2017, ending the year with a fight against Rhys Pagan for the vacant WBO European super-middleweight title on 27 November at the Grange St. Paul's Hotel in London.
Richards won the fight via ten-round unanimous decision, with two judge's scoring the bout 99–91 and the third scoring it 98–92.
Following a six round points decision victory over Chris Dutton in March 2018 – Richards' only fight of 2018 due to injury – he fought Tommy Langford on 27 April 2019 at the Wembley Arena, London, with the vacant WBO International, and vacant Commonwealth super middleweight titles on the line.
Zupjok Peak is a mountain summit located along the northwestern boundary of the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area, in the North Cascades of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
It is situated north of the Coquihalla Highway, west of Zopkios Ridge, west of Coquihalla Summit, and south of Alpaca Peak.
Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into headwaters of the Coldwater River, as well as tributaries of the Coquihalla River and Anderson River.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.
Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite spires.
Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences which lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Zupjok Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Cascade Range where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
The P. C. Skovgaard House, located at Rosenvængets Hovedvej 27, is the former home of Danish Golden Age painter P. C. Skovgaard in the Rosenvænget Quarter of Østerbro in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The house was completed to a Historicist design by Johan Daniel Herholdt in 1862 and listed onn the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1977.
Skovgaard knew the area well since his uncle, Hans Christian Aggersborg, with whom he had lived when he first moved to Copenhagen to study at the art academy, was the owner of the country house Villa Aggersborg at a nearby site.
Skovgaard, who had that same year become a titular professor at the art academy, in 1860 commissioned the architect Johan Daniel Herholdt to design a house for the site.
India At Home is a family-owned supermarket chain based in Melbourne with retail stores across different suburbs around Melbourne, Victoria selling a wide range of Indian groceries.
The company, founded by Rajesh Bhatia in the year 2003 has over 6 retail stores across Melbourne, Victoria and as well as an online grocery store.
As of November 2019, India At Home has more than 6 retail stores being operated either under their own management in Boxhill, Clayton, Narrewarren, Cranbourne and other suburbs of Victoria.
India At Home, along with many other retail brands, is expected to participate in the — the flagship global trade show organised by Trade Promotion Council of India — an apex trade and investment promotion organization notified in the Foreign Trade Policy, and supported by the Department of Commerce, Government of India.
It was triggered by the resignation of sitting Country Party member Frank O'Keefe to successfully contest the federal seat of Paterson at the 1969 election.
Dariusz Piontkowski (born 17 December 1964 in Sielc) is a Polish politician, former marshal of Podlasie province, and current MP (in his third term).
Piontkowski was educated at Warsaw University (Humanities Faculty in Białystok), the Academy of Finance and Management in Białystok and at the Białystok School of Public Administration.
He arrived as one of the Afghan cameleers brought into Australia to work on the camel trains which were being used to explore the interior of the continent in the late 19th century, and worked around the country before settling in Adelaide in 1899.
He travelled through Asia selling Arab horses and camels to the British Army, before sailing to Australia, arriving between 1884 and 1890.
He ran a drapery business in Lismore, New South Wales, where he lost a court action in 1910 regarding unlawful seizure of his property.
During the early 1900s (chronology unknown) is recorded as having run a drapery business in Duchess, Queensland (in Cloncurry Shire), working as a miner in Broken Hill (where he worked underground to learn about miners' ailments), and as a camel driver visiting Brisbane, Bourke in New South Wales, Farina, South Australia, the Nullarbor Plain, Townsville, Queensland and Broome, Western Australia.
The date of his (at least second) arrival in Adelaide is not known, but after starting a herbalist business at 181 Sturt Street, Adelaide in 1938, not far from Adelaide Mosque, he became a well-known figure in the town.
Although he was occasionally extreme in his criticism of Western medicine, by all accounts his treatments, based on traditional Afghan and/or Islamic medicine, achieved good outcomes for his patients.
He asked for donations only for all of his consultations and medicines, and donated most of his takings to the needy and charitable institutions.
He married Jean Emsley in 1940, whom he had cured of severe dermatitis, and they had a daughter, Bebe Nora, born on 17 August 1941.
It was around this time that his lifestyle changed somewhat from its previous simplicity; from having no car, he owned an expensive Daimler, and he possessed expensive jewellery.
At this, Adelaide’s Lord Mayor, Members of Parliament, Christian ministers, police officers of high rank and others numbering 19,000 signed a petition which they presented to him, asking him to reconsider and return as soon as possible.
After selling their Sturt Street property on 14 April 1953, at Jean's request the family went to Afghanistan, where Jean converted to Islam.
She died of smallpox after a year, having not been vaccinated and after performing hajj by visiting Mecca, Allum returned to Adelaide and bought a house at 68 Anzac Highway at Everard Park.
Allum continued his practice at Everard Park, but saw fewer patients as he aged, although did not suffer from serious illness.
A devout Muslim, Allum, aided by his wife and friends, sent letters to newspapers and published pamphlets on Islam, the Qur’an, and healing, although illiterate himself.
On Allum's 81st birthday, he bought 14 allotments at the Centennial Park Cemetery, in order to provide burial plots for other Muslims who could not afford a decent burial.
The 2020 season will be DPMM FC's 9th consecutive season in the top flight of Singaporean football, the Singapore Premier League.
Current club captain and stalwart Wardun Yussof has announced before the start of the campaign that this will be his last season as a professional footballer.
Stefan Mitrović (Cyrillic: ; born 15 August 2002) is a Serbian-Canadian professional football player who plays for Radnički Niš as an attacking midfielder.
Mitrović made his professional debut on November 23, 2019 with Radnički Niš, replacing Nikola Čumić in the 88th minute in a 0–2 defeat to Red Star Belgrade.
It closed in 2016 due to consistently poor results and low pupil numbers, and was noted for having the worst GCSE results in Lancashire.
A 10-week healthy lifestyle course was launched by the West Lancashire Community Leisure Trust in 2009 to help overweight students and their families at the school.
Leisure Leagues ran a league at the school in 2010 which aimed to help referees run community football leagues and all profits were donated to charity.
Lancashire County Council began a public consultation on the future of the school in October 2014 after figures showed the number of students had reduced by 54% since 2006, and ran until 14 December 2014.
Students, parents, staff, councillors and local residents totalling approximately 400, and West Lancashire MP Rosie Cooper, marched in protest on 15 November 2014 over its potential closure.
Parents had already submitted their views to the council and booked appointments with its officers as well as signing petitions, in preparation for the consultation event on 20 November 2014.
Following the initial six-week consultation, the council moved to stage two of the consultation in February 2015 despite opposition from the local community, which is the publication of a 'statutory notice'.
Stage three involved a further four-week statutory consultation period following the publication of the formal proposals, which allowed interested parties to submit their comments, objections as well as those in support, before a final decision is made.
At the time, it had 320 students compared to the school's capacity of more than 1,000 and was noted for having the worst GCSE results in Lancashire.
Year 7 and 9 students moved to a different school in September 2015 while Year 8 and 10 completed their Key Stage 3 and GCSE studies.
Parents, students and staff subsequently launched an appeal to the Office of the Schools Adjudicator, noting the unhappiness over the consultation process and the impact it will have on the local community, including the lack of parental choice, the future need for school places, transport issues and the loss of facilities.
It was the last chance for over-turning the closure decision but was unsuccessful after being confirmed it would go ahead in August 2015.
It was also subject to multiple fires; September 2016, November 2016, November 2018, and seven fires over four days in April 2019.
As part of a plan to provide a railway station for Skelmersdale, Lancashire County Council announced in 2017 that they had identified the site of the former college as the preferred location for a new station.
The plan, in partnership with Merseytravel and West Lancashire Borough Council, was devised from studies by Network Rail and recommended the site as the best location.
His workshop was one of the largest in Paris; specializing in wood engraving for multiple reproductions; generally in the form of a stamp.
He was part of a small clique of engravers; with , Henri Théophile Hildibrand and Fortuné Méaulle, who worked for Louis Hachette.
Between 1869 and 1882, he was part of a group providing illustrations for the works of Jules Verne; together with illustrators such as Léon Benett, Jules Férat, Henri de Montaut, Édouard Riou and George Roux.
Zhang Qi (; 14 November 1922 – 13 November 2019) was a Chinese physician, professor and doctoral advisor at Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine.
He studied traditional Chinese medicine with his grandfather, and began practicing medicine at age 20, starting a medical career spanning more than 76 years.
Zhang served as researcher and vice president of Heilongjiang Provincial Chinese Medicine Institute and as professor and doctoral advisor at Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, with a specialization in the treatment and research of kidney diseases.
Justin Laurent Clemens Neven du Mont (born 13 October 1991) is a German artist, investor and socialite currently residing in Medellin, Colombia.
Born in Munich, as the eldest son of one of germany's most famous actors; Sky du Mont, he grew up in various countries including France and England.
A lectotype, AK 70629 collected by Simpson in February 1937 on the Ure River, in the Marlborough Region, is held in the Auckland Museum.
Ma Dawei (; born September 11, 1963) is a Chinese chemist and research professor at the Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
In September 1984 he studied under Lu Xiyan at the Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), earning a Doctor of Science degree in July 1989.
Later that year, Arai made a deal to sell B. Richardson and Sons, a silk importer, 400 pounds of raw silk from Chotaro's company for $6.50 per pound.
He didn't want to renegotiate so that he could keep Richardson's trust, because Japanese silk merchants had a bad reputation at the time.
While there, he started two companies: the Yokohama Kiito Gomei Kaisha, a silk exporter, and the Morimura Arai Company, which handled the former's direct sales in the United States.
By 1908, the Morimura Arai Company handled 30% of all silk exports to the United States and cotton imports from the United States to Japan.
Arai was elected to the board of governors for the Silk Association of America in 1901, and was the first Asian to hold that position.
He also helped to found Japanese community organizations in New York, like the Nippon Club in 1905 and the Japan Society of New York in 1907.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 7 October 1939 because of the death of Country Party member Malcolm Brown.
Yakou (), also known as Guanshan Pass () or Daguanshan Pass (), is a mountain pass in Taiwan transversing the Central Mountain Range within Yushan National Park.
Construction ran between 1968 and 1972, and construction workers established a campsite near Yakou; the site of the campsite became a hostel operated by the China Youth Corps.
Immediately east of Yakou, a landslide buried Daguanshan Tunnel's east entrance and its adjacent parking lot and destroyed 300  of highway.
The section of the highway from Meishan to the west and Xiangyang to the west were closed to outside traffic after the typhoon and remains closed to this day.
The rock around Yakou is primarily composed of a stratum composed of argillite, another of shale, and a third of slate and phyllite.
Due to the parallel planes of weakness present in the rocks, Yakou and the rest of the Southern Cross-Island Highway is very prone to landslides and failures even before Typhoon Morakot in 2009, and reconstruction has proven to be very difficult.
There is a fort on a rocky knoll: it is an irregular oval, about north-northwest to south-southeast, by , enclosing a area of about .
In the south of the fort are the remains of a dun (or broch), built later than the fort, diameter about and having a maximum height of .
For a given instance of the stable matching problem, this lattice provides an algebraic description of the family of all solutions to the problem.
By Birkhoff's representation theorem, this lattice can be represented as the lower sets of an underlying partially ordered set, and the elements of this set can be given a concrete structure as rotations, cycle graphs describing the changes between adjacent stable matchings in the lattice.
The family of all rotations and their partial order can be constructed in polynomial time, leading to polynomial time for other problems on stable matching including the minimum or maximum weight stable matching.
In its simplest form, an instance of the stable matching problem consists of two sets of the same number of elements to be matched to each other, for instance doctors and positions at hospitals.
Each element has a preference ordering on the elements of the other type: the doctors each have different preferences for which hospital they would like to work at (for instance based on which cities they would prefer to live in), and the hospitals each have preferences for which doctors they would like to work for them (for instance based on specialization or recommendations).
Versions of this problem are used, for instance, by the National Resident Matching Program to match American medical students to hospitals.
The lattice of stable matchings organizes this collection of solutions, for any instance of stable matching, giving it the structure of a distributive lattice.
The lattice of stable matchings is based on the following weaker structure, a partially ordered set whose elements are the stable matchings.
where formula_3 if and only if all doctors prefer matching formula_4 to matching formula_5: either they have the same assigned hospital in both matchings, or they are assigned a better hospital in formula_4 than they are in formula_5.
If the doctors disagree on which matching they prefer, then formula_5 and formula_4 are incomparable: neither one is formula_2 the other.
The same comparison operation can be defined in the same way for any two sets of elements, not just doctors and hospitals.
Swapping the roles of the doctors and hospitals reverses the ordering of every pair of elements, but does not otherwise change the structure of the partial order.
Define the best match of an element formula_23 of a stable matching instance to be the element formula_24 that formula_23 most prefers, among all the elements that can be matched to formula_23 in a stable matching, and define the worst match analogously.
For, suppose to the contrary that doctors formula_23 and formula_28 both have formula_24 as their best match, and that formula_24 prefers formula_23 to formula_28.
Then, in the stable matching that matches formula_28 to formula_24 (which must exist by the definition of the best match of formula_28), formula_23 and formula_24 would be an unstable pair, because formula_24 prefers formula_23 to formula_28 and formula_23 prefers formula_24 to any other partner in any stable matching.
It is a stable matching, because any unstable pair would also be unstable for one of the matchings used to define best matches.
The Gale–Shapley algorithm gives a process for constructing stable matchings, that can be described as follows: until a matching is reached, the algorithm chooses an arbitrary hospital with an unfilled position, and that hospital makes a job offer to the doctor it most prefers among the ones it has not already made offers to.
If the doctor is unemployed or has a less-preferred assignment, the doctor accepts the offer (and resigns from their other assignment if it exists).
When it terminates, the result is a stable matching, the one that assigns each hospital to its best match and that assigns all doctors to their worst matches.
It is not possible, for instance, for two doctors to have the same best choice and be matched to the same hospital in formula_45, for regardless of which of the two doctors is preferred by the hospital, that doctor and hospital would form an unstable pair in whichever of formula_5 and formula_4 they are not already matched in.
There cannot be a pair of a doctor and hospital who prefer each other to their match, because the same pair would necessarily also be an unstable pair for at least one of formula_5 and formula_4.
In this context, a finite lattice is defined as a partially ordered finite set in which there is a unique minimum element and a unique maximum element, in which every two elements have a unique least element greater than or equal to both of them (their join) and every two elements have a unique greatest element less than or equal to both of them (their meet).
In the case of the operations formula_45 and formula_46 defined above, the join formula_45 is greater than or equal to both formula_5 and formula_4 because it was defined to give each doctor their preferred choice, and because these preferences of the doctors are how the ordering on matchings is defined.
It is below any other matching that is also above both formula_5 and formula_4, because any such matching would have to give each doctor an assigned match that is at least as good.
Birkhoff's representation theorem states that any finite distributive lattice can be represented by a family of finite sets, with intersection and union as the meet and join operations, and with the relation of being a subset as the comparison operation for the associated partial order.
In the general form of Birkhoff's theorem, this partial order can be taken as the induced order on a subset of the elements of the lattice, the join-irreducible elements (elements that cannot be formed as joins of two other elements).
Suppose that two different stable matchings formula_5 and formula_4 are comparable and have no third stable matching between them in the partial order.
Then the set of pairs of elements that are matched in one but not both of formula_5 and formula_4 (the symmetric difference of their sets of matched pairs) is called a rotation.
Equivalently, the rotation can be described as the set of changes that would need to be performed to change the lower of the two matchings into the higher one (with lower and higher determined using the partial order).
It follows that for any rotation, the set of stable matchings that can be the higher of a pair connected by the rotation has a unique lowest element.
If the rotations are given the same partial ordering as their corresponding join-irreducible stable matchings, then Birkhoff's representation theorem gives a one-to-one correspondence between lower sets of rotations and all stable matchings.
The set of rotations associated with any given stable matching can be obtained by changing the given matching by rotations downward in the partial ordering, choosing arbitrarily which rotation to perform at each step, until reaching the bottom element, and listing the rotations used in this sequence of changes.
The stable matching associated with any lower set of rotations can be obtained by applying the rotations to the bottom element of the lattice of stable matchings, choosing arbitrarily which rotation to apply when more than one can apply.
Every pair formula_85 of elements of a given stable matching instance belongs to at most two rotations: one rotation that, when applied to the lower of two matchings, removes other assignments to formula_23 and formula_24 and instead assigns them to each other, and a second rotation that, when applied to the lower of two matchings, removes pair formula_85 from the matching and finds other assignments for those two elements.
This is because, for every finite distributive lattice formula_91, there exists a stable matching instance whose lattice of stable matchings is isomorphic to formula_91.
More strongly, if a finite distributive lattice has formula_93 elements, then it can be realized using a stable matching instance with at most formula_94 doctors and hospitals.
The lattice of stable matchings can be used to study the computational complexity of counting the number of stable matchings of a given instance.
From the equivalence between lattices of stable matchings and arbitrary finite distributive lattices, it follows that this problem has equivalent computational complexity to counting the number of elements in an arbitrary finite distributive lattice, or to counting the antichains in an arbitrary partially ordered set.
In a uniformly-random instance of the stable marriage problem with formula_95 doctors and formula_95 hospitals, the average number of stable matchings is asymptotically formula_1.
and us also upper-bounded by an exponential function of (significantly smaller than the naive factorial bound on the number of matchings).
The family of rotations and their partial ordering can be constructed in polynomial time from a given instance of stable matching, and provides a concise representation to the family of all stable matchings, which can for some instances be exponentially larger when listed explicitly.
If each pair of elements in a stable matching instance is assigned a real-valued weight, it is possible to find the minimum or maximum weight stable matching in polynomial time.
One possible method for this is to apply linear programming to the order polytope of the partial order of rotations, or to the stable matching polytope.
From the weights on pairs of elements, one can assign weights to each rotation, where a rotation that changes a given stable matching to another one higher in the partial ordering of stable matchings is assigned the change in weight that it causes: the total weight of the higher matching minus the total weight of the lower matching.
By the correspondence between stable matchings and lower sets of rotations, the total weight of any matching is then equal to the total weight of its corresponding lower set, plus the weight of the bottom element of the lattice of matchings.
The problem of finding the minimum or maximum weight stable matching becomes in this way equivalent to the problem of finding the minimum or maximum weight lower set in a partially ordered set of polynomial size, the partially ordered set of rotations.
This optimal lower set problem is equivalent to an instance of the closure problem, a problem on vertex-weighted directed graphs in which the goal is to find a subset of vertices of optimal weight with no outgoing edges.
The optimal lower set is an optimal closure of a directed acyclic graph that has the elements of the partial order as its vertices, with an edge from formula_99 to formula_100 whenever formula_101 in the partial order.
The closure problem can, in turn, be solved in polynomial time by transforming it into an instance of the maximum flow problem.
defines the regret of a participant in a stable matching to be the distance of their assigned match from the top of their preference list.
Then one can find the minimum-regret stable matching by a simple greedy algorithm that starts at the bottom element of the lattice of matching and then repeatedly applies any rotation that reduces the regret of a participant with maximum regret, until this would cause some other participant to have greater regret.
The elements of any distributive lattice form a median graph, a structure in which any three elements formula_5, formula_4, and formula_19 (here, stable matchings) have a unique median element formula_105 that lies on a shortest path between any two of them.
For the lattice of stable matchings, this median can instead be taken element-wise, by assigning each doctor the median in the doctor's preferences of the three hospitals matched to that doctor in formula_5, formula_4, and formula_19 and similarly by assigning each hospital the median of the three doctors matched to it.
More generally, any set of an odd number of elements of any distributive lattice (or median graph) has a median, a unique element minimizing its sum of distances to the given set.
For the median of an odd number of stable matchings, each participant is matched to the median element of the multiset of their matches from the given matchings.
For an even set of stable matchings, this can be disambiguated by choosing the assignment that matches each doctor to the higher of the two median elements, and each hospital to the lower of the two median elements.
The Alice Springs Beanie Festival (also called simply the Beanie Festival) is an annual, community based, four-day festival celebrating beanies in all their forms.
The Beanie Festival was started in 1997, on a much smaller scale, with a 'beanie party' designed to create a unique social-enterprise and it was the idea of Adi Dunlop.
The festival was inspired by the cold desert winters and existing popularity of beanies with Central Australian Aboriginal people who were already creating colourful and individual hand made creations.
At the same time, he worked for the Chair of Money Theory, and was the frontman of the punk and new wave band The Ramblers.
Masuch founded an independent music publishing house, was the frist to sign with Nena and produced the debut album of Extrabreit.
He also established his own music label and was responsible for hits by Ina Deter and others before selling it in 1984.
Masuch left the company in 2007 to sell BMG Music Publishing to Universal Music, where he advised Bertelsmann on the separation from Sony BMG and the reorganization of activities in the music industry.
Masuch coordinated the administration and marketing of the music rights to works by around 200 European artists, such as the Prinzen, that remained with the group.
With the support of Thomas Rabe, Chief Executive Officer of Bertelsmann, Masuch organized the temporary participation of the financial investor KKR.
Baruni Hill or Nongmaiching Hill or Selloi Langmai Hill or Sunday Mountain is a Hill range in the Himalayan state of Manipur and the abode of God Nongpok Ningthou and other Kanglei Gods and Goddesses in Kanglei mythology.
The Hill is one of the most important pilgrimage sites for followers of Sanamahi faith in the entire North East India.
The Hill is believed to be the absolute abode of Lord Nongpok Ningthou and his beloved consort Goddess Panthoibi in Kanglei mythology.
Later on, with the advent of Hinduism in the Kanglei world, the attributes of Lord Nongpok Ningthou was identified as Lord Shiva of Hinduism.
Out of the hundreds of sacred and holy sites in the Hilltop, the Sanamahi Kiyong Temple, which is the abode of Lord Lainingthou Sanamahi and his mother Goddess Leimarel Sidabi is the most visited one.
The temple is a sacred pilgrimage site of Kabui, Tangkhul, Kom, Hmar, Chothe, Zeliangrong, Meitei, Bishnupriya Manipuri people and the followers of Sanamahi faith from different corners of the world.
In 2012, renovation of the house was completed at the cost of , a rehabilitation and conservation project which started in 2010.
Qian Jiaqi (; June 1939 – 19 November 2019), also romanized as Jia-Qi Qian, was a Chinese nephrologist and professor at Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
He was the first clinical physician to perform hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in China, and established a Kt/V value of at least 1.7 as the target for peritoneal dialysis.
Upon graduating from Shanghai Second Medical College (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) in 1963, he worked at the college's affiliated Renji Hospital, where he worked under professors Huang Mingxin 黄铭新 and Jiang Shaoji.
A pioneer of nephrology in China, Qian was the first clinical physician to perform hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the country.
Qian was the first to propose and demonstrate a Kt/V value of at least 1.7 as the target for peritoneal dialysis, which has since been adopted worldwide.
He published hundreds of research papers and received the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) as well as many other awards.
A description such as 20-26 means that the first letter of the word must be entered in box 20 and the last letter in box 26.
The netball competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines were held from 25 November to 2 December 2019 at Santa Rosa Sports Complex in Santa Rosa, Laguna.
The Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College (FRPMC) is a medical College funded by the Pakistan Air Force which is located in PAF Base Faisal, Main Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
The Chinese envision this Alliance as a promoter of industrial investment and economic and trade co-operation for countries along the Silk Road and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
As they get closer, they also shares their opinions on passion, religion, life, and eventually how their relationship might turn into an extra marital affair.
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 7 October 1939 because of the death of Nationalist Party member William Cameron  The Country Party did not nominate an official candidate because the seat had been held by the Nationalist Party.
Malcolm Brown was nominated as an Independent Country Party candidate, and was supported in his campaign by the leader of the Country Party, Michael Bruxner.
He brokered the deal between Exim Bank of China and the Kenya Railways Corporation for the construction of the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway.
Following the death of Professor Saitoti in 2012, Jimmy moved his support to Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto for the presidency during the 2013 Kenyan general election.
It is believed that he played a pivotal role in brokering the alliance between Ruto's United Republican Party (Kenya) and Kenyatta's The National Alliance in 2012, leading to a joint ticket under what is now the Jubilee Party.
This eventually led to a public falling out with the Kenyatta administration leading to him being barred from leaving the country and police laid siege to his Muthaiga home.
On February 2018, a fake obituary of Wanjigi ran in the Daily Nation, in what was viewed as a veiled death threat.
Muhammad ibn Yūsuf al-Warrāq(* 904 in Guadalajara; † 973 or 974 in Córdoba) (in present day Spain) was an Andalusían historian and geographer.
From the extracts transcribed in al-Bakri’s work relying on al-Warraq one can conclude, that the latter was the first to mix geography and history.
Yang Jinlong (; born January 1966) is a Chinese chemist currently serving as vice president of the University of Science and Technology of China.
From 1985 to 1991, he studied at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), where he earned his master's and Ph.D. degrees.
He became Dean of the School of Chemistry and Materials Science of USTC in 2009 and Vice President of USTC in May 2018.
Jersey is an upcoming Indian 2020 Hindi-language sports film directed by Gowtham Tinnanuri and starring Shahid Kapoor, Mrunal Thakur and Pankaj Kapoor in the leading roles.
An official remake of the 2019 Telugu film with the same title, also directed by Tinnanuri,it marks Shahid Kapoor's on-screen reunion father Pankaj Kapur four years.
The story is about a thirty six years old cricketer who stopped his cricketing career ten years ago, now aiming to play for Indian team.
In October 2019, the film was officially announced by Dil Raju, Allu Aravind and Aman Gill with original director Gowtham Tinnanuri attached to direct and Shahid Kapoor who just released his another Telugu remake Kabir Singh to star as lead character.
Rashmika Mandanna was signed for the lead heroine role to make her film debut; she later left the film and was replaced by Thakur.
Henry Dunn (1801-1878) was an English educationalist and author of religious books who was for twenty years secretary of the British and Foreign School Society.
In March 2019, SUFP was participated in the electoral alliance, Sikkim Progressive Alliance (SPA) which was formed by Sikkim Sangram Parishad (SSP), Sikkim Rajya Manch Party (SRMP) and SNPP.
As the SPA candidates, SUFP sent 1 candidate to Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, and nominated Narendra Adhikari to the candidate for Lok Sabha.
Henry I of Brabant was the count of Leuven in the period that the city was still one of the most important cities.
In the Saint Peter's church of Leuven you can find his grave, together with that of his wife Mathilda van Boulogne and his daughter Maria of Brabant.
In 1235 the duke was commissioned by the German emperor Henry II of Hohenstaufen to accompany the imperial fiancée Isabella Plantagenet from England to Germany.
In addition, he lies on a high base, wears a long robe and the duke's cloak, and holds a scepter; his left hand plays with the cord of the mantle.
In addition to the tomb of Hendrik I van Brabant, there are also the tombs of his wife Mathilde van Boulogne and his daughter Maria van Brabant.
The bones of Hendrik I were dug up in 1929 and only a few decades later, namely in 1998, were they put back in the tomb.
In the meantime, the monument has been relocated and is back in its original place: in front of the high altar.
Anti-social Media Bill was introduced by the Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on 5 November 2019 to criminalise the use of the social media in peddling false or malicious information.
It was sponsored by Senator Mohammed Sani Musa from the largely  conservative northern Nigeria with 85 per cent illiteracy with low internet penetration and social media activities.
After the bill passed second reading on the floor of the Nigeria Senate and its details were made public, information emerged on the social media accusing the sponsor of the bill of plagiarising a similar law in Singapore which is at the bottom of global ranking in the freedom of speech and of the press.
Angry reactions trailed the introduction of the bill, and a number of civil society organisations, human rights activists, and Nigerian citizens unanimously opposed the bill.
International rights group Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch condemned the proposed legislation saying it is aimed at gagging freedom of speech which is a universal right in a country of over two hundred million people.
Opposition political parties are very critical of the bill and accused the government of attempting to strip bare, Nigerian citizens of their rights to free speech and destroying same social media on whose power and influence the ruling All Progressives Congress, APC came to power in 2015.
Nigeria Information Minister, Lai Mohammed has been at the center of public criticism because he is suspected to be the brain behind the proposed act.
President Muhammad Buhari who is seen as the biggest beneficiary of the influence and power of the social media and free speech that is now termed hate speech has been mute about it.
In November 2019, the wife of the president, Aisha Buhari told a gathering at the Nigeria's National Mosque in the capital Abuja that if China with over one billion people could regulate the social media, Nigeria should do same.
Days later a daughter to the president, Zahra Indimi told a gathering of young people in Abuja that social media had become a potent weapon for bullying those they thought were doing better than them in terms of social class and called for a critical regulation.
To suppress falsehoods and manipulations and counter the effects of such communications and transmissions and to sanction offenders with a view to encouraging and enhancing transparency by Social Media Platforms using the internet correspondences.
The event took place at the Federal Palace Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos and honoured nominees who had made significant impact in the year in diverse categories.
The event was hosted by rap artiste, Mo'Cheddah and actor, Wole Ojo and had several dignitaries such as Ghanaian President, Nana Akufo-Addo, who was the keynote speaker of this event, Minister of Transportation, Rotimi Amaechi, former Governor of Osun State, and Rauf Aregbesola, in attendance, also celebrities, the likes of Linda Ikeji, Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama, Emmanuel Oyeleke, Bolanle Olukanni, were in attendance.
Initially active only in the steel trade, Duferco also expanded its activities to the commodities trade in the early 1990s, in particular with raw materials for the steel industry such as coke, coal, iron ore, pig iron or sponge iron.
After the turn of the millennium, Duferco split its activities with, among other things, its entry into the energy, shipping and logistics sectors.
The activities of the Duferco Participations Holding SA are divided into areas of trading, production and sales and producing energy and services.
In 2007, the trade volume was 17.5 million tons, of which just under two thirds were steel and steel products and around one third raw materials.
The group is also increasingly active in selected sectors of the energy sector, in particular renewable energies, shipping companies and logistics.
Duferco Participations Holding SA can count on a large number of subsidiary companies, including: Duferco Italia Holding Spa, Duferdofin Nucor Srl, Duferco Commerciale Spa, Duferco Energia Spa, Duferco Bulgaria, Duferco Wallonie S.A., Duferco France S.N.C., Duferco Participations Holding S.A., Virtual Duferco Group, Ironet Ltd Romania, Duferco S.A. (Switzerland company), Duferco Kiev Representative Office, Ipacer S.A. and many more.
Duferco Italia Holding company had a negative net income of 13 millions euro on 2015 and it has a total debt amount of 234 € millions.
Jan Rombouts (duchy of Brabant, circa 1475-1485 - 1535) was a painter from Leuven, Belgium who had started as a student of Dirk Bouts.
This double-sided painted panel, with representations from the life of Saint Catherine on the inside and a cross in grisaille on the outside, was made between 1525 and 1535.
He had Clemens arrested immediately for sorcery, this is shown centrally; Clemens is arrested, Sisinnius furiously raises his sword and Theodora tries to calm down her husband.
Legend has it that after Clement's arrest, Saint Peter appeared to Theodora - this can be seen in the background on the left.
On the right-hand side of the panel you can see how Clement was exiled a few years later by Emperor Trajan to an island in the Pontus, where many Christians were employed in the marble quarries.
The 2020 Liga 1, will be the fourth season of Liga 1 under its current name and the 11th season of the top-flight Indonesian professional league for association football clubs since its establishment in 2008.
The pre-season transfer window is opened between 1 January and 21 March 2020 while the mid-season transfer window will be opened between 20 July and 19 August 2020.
Eighteen teams will be competing in the league – the top fifteen teams from the previous season and the three teams promoted from the Liga 2.
Football Association of Indonesia restricted the number of foreign players to four per team, including one slot for a player from AFC countries.
In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included in the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards.
For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 16.
The 2020 Liga 2 will be the fourth season of the Liga 2 under its current name and the 11th season under its current league structure.
Caesar is an evolved chimpanzee, the leader of the Ape Army, the king of the Ape Colony and the patriarch of the Royal Ape Family.
He is also the biological son of Alpha and Bright Eyes, the adoptive son of Will Rodman and Caroline Aranha, the adoptive grandson of Charles Rodman, the husband of Cornelia, and the father of Cornelius II (original series), Blue Eyes and Cornelius (reboot series).
Caesar later leads his fellow apes in a rebellion against abusive handlers and the police by unleashing the deadly ALZ-113 virus, which is dangerous to the human population, but not to the apes.
Caesar maintains dominance over his community of intelligent apes while also having to deal with the threat of war against human survivors, who had been pushed to near-extinction due to a pandemic known as the Simian Flu.
As the infant was feared to be the cause of the future where his parents originated, Milo was raised by circus owner Armando after Zira switched him with a young chimpanzee recently born to Armando's primitive chimpanzee, Heloise, prior to his parents' death by the action of the human Dr. Otto Hasslein.
As Hasslein killed the infant with Zira deposing of the body, Milo was assumed dead and was raised by Armando as a mute acrobat and was renamed Caesar.
Caesar is taken to a city for the first time and sees groups of apes being dispersed, chimps and orangutans being scolded or punished for honest mistakes or for exhibiting apelike behavior.
Armando attempts to convince the police that he was the one who spoke, but Caesar panics and runs away in the commotion with Armando deciding to have him join an arrival shipment of apes while he attempts to bluff his way out of trouble.
Passing his conditioning with flying colors, Caesar is held at an auction and is sold to Governor Breck and supervised by his African-American assistant Mr. MacDonald.
When Caesar learns that Armando died while in custody, he plots an ape revolt and convinces the other apes to join him.
But Caesar is belatedly traced, where he soon gets captured and then gets interrogated and tortured by Breck, who forces him to expose his identity as the offspring of Cornelius and Zira.
When Breck is about to execute Caesar, MacDonald excuses himself from the scene and turns off the breaker settings for the electroshock table, where Caesar pretends to be dead before he kills the handler and begins the revolt.
Within hours, the city is in flames, the police and military have been beaten down, and the apes are now in control.
Despite MacDonald's pleas to prevent further violence, Caesar declares that humanity will destroy itself and the apes will become the masters of the world, only to cease when Lisa musters the ability to speak, convincing Caesar not to condemn all of humanity.
Even though apes and humans are coexisting in peace, a gorilla named Aldo is the only one who opposes Caesar and despises the humans.
After learning who they are and about the eventual destruction of Earth, Caesar manages to escape the city when he, MacDonald and Virgil get attacked by a group of mutated, radiation-scarred humans led by Governor Kolp who have survived and are living in the city.
Meanwhile, Aldo plots to overthrow Caesar and have the gorillas take control of the ape-human village, where Caesar's son Cornelius eavesdrops on Aldo, who kills the young ape in the process.
Taking advantage of Caesar's grief and absence, Aldo has all the humans in the village imprisoned and raids the armory to prepare for battle against the mutated humans and to overthrow Caesar.
When Kolp and the mutated humans launch an attack on the village, Caesar and the apes manage to defeat and capture most of them, where Kolp and his remaining forces try to escape but they get killed by Aldo and his troops.
When Virgil reveals that Aldo has killed Cornelius, Caesar becomes furious and chases him up a tree, which results in Aldo falling to his death.
Realizing that apes are no different from humans, Caesar agrees with MacDonald that humans are to be treated as equals in order to coexist.
The movie is told as a flashback, where the beginning and ending scene takes place 600 years after Caesar's death and it shows the Lawgiver telling a story to a group of human and ape children.
He tells them the story about how Caesar fought a battle that solidified his position as ape leader and convinced him to give a joint ape-human society a chance, instead of one species dominating the other.
Screenwriter Paul Dehn stated that the tear on Caesar's statue at the end of the film was to tell the audience that Caesar's efforts ultimately failed.
Caesar is the main protagonist of the reboot series, sharing the previous version's compassionate nature while forbidding his followers from killing innocent humans and those who don't seek to harm them.
Developed by Will Rodman, ALZ-112 genetically increases Bright Eyes' intelligence that gets passed onto Caesar as he was still in his mother's womb.
When born, Caesar ends up orphaned after his mother gets killed trying to protect him, an action mistaken by lab security after she runs amok, which labels the experiment a failure.
Caesar is saved by sympathetic ape handler Franklin, after which Will smuggles the little ape out of the lab and takes him back home.
Caesar spends years getting raised and living with Will, displaying his enhanced intelligence and convincing his foster father that the ALZ-112 works.
Following an incident where he attacks their aggressive neighbor who threatens Will's dementia-suffering father Charles, Caesar is forced into an ape sanctuary where he is tormented by one of the caretakers while gradually taking command of the apes.
Caesar eventually proves smart enough when he breaks free from his cage, steals the ALZ-113, a stronger version of the intelligence-enhancing formula and releases it among the other captive apes.
in a confrontation with one of the caretakers, Caesar leads the apes out of the sanctuary as they recruit other captive apes from the zoo and from Gen-Sys, rallying them to escape San Francisco and make their way to the Muir Woods while violently clashing with the police.
Once in the Muir Woods, Caesar shares an emotional farewell with Rodman as he decides to live free among his own kind.
While assuming the humans to have died out, Caesar discovers that humans are still alive when he sees a group from the remnants of San Francisco entering their territory and personally warns them to stay out.
When the group's leader Malcolm explains they are trying to repair a dam to return power to the city, Caesar allows them to do their work.
Despite the successful repairing of the dam and the growing friendship between apes and humans, Koba, Caesar's companion who hates humans, becomes disillusioned with Caesar after seeing his leader's compassion and respect for the humans.
He attempts to kill Caesar, make it look like the humans did it and leads the apes into attacking the humans and their colony.
But Caesar considers the damage already done as he and his clan face a new enemy: a paramilitary group known as Alpha-Omega.
After a recent victory in the Muir Woods and in an attempt to make peace, Caesar spares the lives of Preacher and three soldiers and sends them back to Alpha-Omega's leader, the Colonel.
After the battle, Blue Eyes and Rocket return from a journey, where they have discovered a place within the desert that can be safe for the apes.
Later on, the Colonel launches an assault on the apes' home, where he kills Cornelia and Blue Eyes, leaving only Cornelius alive.
Leaving Cornelius in the care of Blue Eyes's mate Lake, Caesar departs to confront the Colonel, accompanied by Maurice, Luca and Rocket, while the other apes head for the desert.
During the journey, Caesar fears that he may end up like Koba after he unintentionally kills a traitor named Winter as he and the group are joined by a mute girl named Nova and an ape hermit named Bad Ape.
When he reaches Alpha-Omega's base, a former weapons depot that was turned into a relocation facility when the virus began to spread, Caesar discovers that his clan has been captured by the Colonel and he gets captured as well.
Witnessing his fellow apes being forced to build a wall, Caesar learns that the Colonel is fending off rival military forces who seek to execute him for slaughtering people who are infected with a new mutated strain of ALZ-113 that is making humans devolve into mute primitives.
While Caesar is tortured with starvation, Nova sneaks into the facility to give him food and water, where Rocket allows himself to be captured to create a distraction so that Nova can escape.
Together, with the help of Bad Ape and Maurice, Caesar and Rocket manage to free the apes from their cages and help them escape via an underground tunnel that leads out of the facility.
Caesar reaches the Colonel and spares his life upon realizing that he has succumbed to the infection and watches the human take his own life, who would rather die than become a primitive.
In a battle among Caesar's apes, Alpha-Omega and the military forces, Caesar manages to blow up the facility's fuel supply before joining the others in taking refuge when an oncoming avalanche wipes out the remaining soldiers.
With Caesar dying from a wound that Preacher inflicted on him, he accepts his end with grace and dies peacefully while Maurice promises Caesar that Cornelius will know who his father was, what he stood for and what he did to protect the apes.
Fans have embraced Caesar as one of the best film characters of the 2010's, as well as one of the most impressive displays of visual effects in cinema.
Tamizh, initially had left his joint family and refused to marry both of his cousins in order to marry Ragini, his colleague.
Bharathi introduced herself to Tamizh that she is from Haridwar, and will tell the rest on one fine day.She insists to travel with him till Chidambaram.
Though Bharathi mingled in the family, she is not happy and always feels that her position, affection, love from the family actually belong to the another girl, Ragini.
M. A. C. Horne FCIT, who writes as Mike Horne, is a British transport writer who specialises in the history of London's railways.
Paintings of the four main virgins usually represent a form of the type Virgo inter Virgines, where several virgin martyrs beside the Virgin are sitting, on a bench or bank or on the ground, usually in a garden setting within an enclosure of some sort, a hortus conclusus.
The 2004–05 B Group was the 50th season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.
Heinrich Ferdinand Mannstein, real name Heinrich Ferdinand Steinmann, (16 September 1806 – 3 August 1872) was a German singing teacher, writer and music critic.
After some arguments at home, but also due to the general circumstances of his time, he finally joined the singing choir of the court theatre in Dresden in 1829.
Soon after took over and completed Mannstein's training as a singer, he left the stage for good to work as a singing teacher and writer.
His music-critical works are still today an important source for the history of music in Dresden in the middle of the 19th century and offer in this way deepened insights into the then cultivated musical practice.
As one of the first Gabelsberger students he was also a stenographer in the civil service of the royal Saxon chamber since 1839.
Champions With Waqar Zaka is a Pakistani youth-based reality show that airs on the BOL Network and is hosted by Waqar Zaka.
In the program, a group of contestants live together in a controlled environment, and travel to different destinations to participate in various tasks intended to challenge their physical and mental strength.
Louis Craine (born January 6, 1957 - November 3, 1989) was an American serial killer who committed of at least 4 rape-slayings in South Los Angeles, in the period between 1985 and 1987.
Since more than 100 women were killed, and it was later determined that at least 5 other serial killers operated in the area during the 1980s and 1990s (collectively known as The Southside Slayers), Craine was suspected of several more murders by the investigators.
Without a qualified profession, Craine was forced to engage in low-skilled labor over the next years, and changed several jobs in the construction industry.
She had been raped and sodomized before being strangled, her corpse found in an empty house, not far from where her parents, and Craine's brother, lived.
After finding the body, the police noticed Louis, who, due to the area being cordoned off, was watching their actions, behaving in an inappropriate manner.
He was arrested, taken to the police station and subjected to long hours of questioning, during which he confessed to the murder of Barney and two other girls: 24-year-old Loretta Perry (killed on January 25) and Vivian Collins (killed on March 18).
During interrogation, Craine claimed that Collins was murdered by his older brother Roger, together with whom Louis paid the girl for her services.
According to his version, his brother strangled the girl during sexual intercourse; however, relatives, including their mother, provided an alibi for Roger on the day of the murder, which resulted in no charges being brought up against him.
Subsequently, Craine was charged with the murder of two more girls: 24-year-old Gail Ficklin and 30-year-old Sheila Burton, who were killed on August 15, 1985 and November 18, 1984, respectively.
Their bodies were also found not far from where other victims' corpses had been located, all of whom were near the house where Craine's parents lived.
The main material evidence was a blood-stained shirt, the group of which coincided with the blood group of one of the victims, as well as testimonies from Craine's relatives, including his mother, who told the court that Louis had repeatedly expressed aggressive behavior towards prostitutes, and was spotted in a bloodied shirt after one of the murders.
Other evidence pointed to him as well, that being his confession of killing Loretta Perry - initially, it was believed that she had died from a drug overdose, but after Louis' testimony, her body was exhumed and subjected to a thorough pathological study, the results of which validated Craine's claims.
He refuted his testimony, stating that he had been pressured into confessing, and also stated that the bloodied shirt in which, according to his relatives, he had committed the murder, didn't even belong to him.
He accused his family of perjury, pointing out a motive for their act - personal hostility due to their long-term conflict.
The lawyers of the defendant insisted that on the basis of various tests, Craine showed signs of intellectual disability, with threshold of intelligence coefficient of 69 points, a tendency to exaggeration and high succeptibility to suggestions.
On May 16, 1989, by a jury verdict, he was found guilty of 4 murders and acquitted of Burton's killing, and on June 6 of that year, the court sentence him to death.
After his conviction, Craine was transferred to the San Quentin State Prison to serve his sentence, but due to health problems, he was taken to a prison hospital near the city of San Rafael, where he died on November 3, 1989, from AIDS complications.
The line from Altstätten Stadt (town) via Stoss to Gais—where there was a connection to the line of the St. Gallen-Gais-Appenzell-Altstätten-Bahn (St. Gallen-Gais-Appenzell-Altstätten Railway) to St. Gallen—was opened on 18 November 1911 and operated with three CFe 3/3 class railcars.
The three rack sections with a total of 3264 metres in length are located between Altstätten and Stoss, while the rest of the line to Gais is an adhesion railway.
The short link along Marktgasse established a connection to the Rathaus–Bahnhof SBB line of the Altstätten–Berneck tramway, opened in 1897 and operated by the Altstätten-Berneck-Bahn (ABB), which in turn was replaced in 1940 by the Altstätten–Berneck Trolleybus.
In 1953, the catenary voltage was increased to 1500 volts, so that the then new ABDeh 4/4 6 to 8 railcars could operate freely on the whole SGA network.
Until the final closure of the Altstätten SBB–Altstätten Stadt section on 31 May 1975, the SGA trains continued to operate over this section.
It has dark brown to black to grey coloured bark that is smooth on younger trees but becomes longitudinally fissured as it ages.
The coriaceous and often hairy phyllodes have a length of and a width of with one prominent midvein and 8 to 13 minor nerves per millimetre.
The scurfy green aging to brown seed pods that form after flowering have a flat linear shape but can occasionally be slightly twisted and have a length of and a width of .
The 2020 Inter-County Under-20 Football Championship will be the 57th edition of the competition, and the third since the competition was re-graded from Under 21 to Under 20.
At the start of the championship footballers aged under 20 cannot play for both their county's senior and under-20 championship teams.
Once a county's senior team exits the senior championship all of their under-20 players are then eligible to play for the county under-20 team.
This rule was introduced to prevent player burnout and avoid scheduling conflicts when the senior and under-20 championships are played in the same summer months as both county teams have distinct panels of players.
The four provincial winners play in two All-Ireland Under-20 Football Semi-finals, with the winners of those matches playing in the All-Ireland Final.
Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht (15 October 1894 - 16 March 1984) was a Lutheran missionary and pastor who was the superintendent at Hermannsburg Mission in Central Australia from 1926 - 1952 where he made a significant contribution.
Albrecht was born on 15 October 1894 at Pławanice in Poland to Ferdinand and Helene Albrecht and is the eldest of there 10 children.
Albrecht initially attended the local village school before he moved to study and live at the Hermannsburg Mission, in Germany, in 1913 and he graduate in 1924.
World War I did interrupt his studies and, due to a childhood injury making him lame in one leg, Albrecht served in the German medical corps on the Russian front.
After completing his studies he received a call to work at Hermannsburg Mission, 125kms from Alice Springs, but before he could begin he received English tuition in the United States.
Minna Maria Margaretha Gevers, who Albrecht met in Germany, followed him there and they married in Winnipeg, Canada on 14 September 1925.
In South Australia, at Nuriootpa, Albrecht was ordained as a pastor in the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia on 14 February 1926.
Albrecht reached Hermannsburg on 16 April 1926 where he was the replacement for Carl Strehlow who had died unexpectedly in October 1922.
Albrecht's first priority after arriving at the mission was to learn Arrernte and he was assisted in this by Moses Tjalkabota Uraikuria, an Arrernte man of high degree and Christian evangelist, who served as a teacher and guide to the missionaries at Hermannsburg (and T.G.H.
Albrecht arrived in Hermannsburg during a period of extreme drought and their had already been thoughts of closure; between 1926 - 1929 it is recorded that 41 of the 51 children born at the mission died and this ill health also affected Albrecht's family with his infant daughter Helene weighing less at four then she had at two.
Spurned on by this tragedy Albrecht advocated for the construction of the Kuprilya Springs Pipeline, which the Lutheran Mission Board refused to support, and he ultimately received the funds required from artists Jessie Traill and Una and Violet Teague.
The completion of this pipeline, and the associated fresh fruit and vegetables they were able to grow, infant mortality decreased significantly.
Because of these views Albrecht removed and disposed of the Tjurunga in the sacred Manangananga Cave; Carl Strehlow, who shared Albrecht's beliefs had always acknowledged the importance of this site and the sacred objects and had left it untouched.
A part of this in action was his work with Charles Duguid and T.G.H Strehlow to establish Aboriginal settlements like Areyonga and Yuendumu.
He was also instrumental in establishing the arts and crafts industry in Hermannsburg as a way for the community to make money, especially when tourists began arriving in the 1930s.
Albrecht also operated the mission as a working cattle station and established a tannery; the hides of which were used for leather-work products.
In this Chess Olympiad he made one of the most ridiculous blunder in the history of chess: in the game with the Argentine chess player Palau after moves 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3.
Bd2 Sadi Kalabar wanted to play 4 ... Qe7, but instead of the queen he rearranged the king on the e7 square (4 ... Ke7) and after the answer 5.
Olivia Salamanca (1 July 1889 – 11 July 1913) was a Filipino physician who trained in the United States at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and was the second female physician from the Philippines.
She was one of the charter members and the first secretary of the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society, which was founded in 1910; later that year, she was diagnosed with tuberculosis herself.
In 1911, she was assigned to work at a hospital in Baguio, a city in a mountainous area, in order for the mountain air to help improve her health.
India vs England is an Indian Kannada-language Romantic Thriller film directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekar and produced by Y.N.Shankaregowda and several non-resident Indians from the UK and other countries.
Half of the film was shot in the U.K. Four songs of the film are shot in London, Cardiff and Wales in the U.K. An aide-memoire of British rule in India; shot in historical places of India such as Amritsar, Jhansi, Delhi, Jaipur, Mumbai, and Kittur.
Duruflé, who was organist in at Saint-Étienne-du-Mont in Paris and also director of the Gregorian Institute of Paris, set the Lord's Prayer in French as for liturgical use.
Both versions were published by Éditions Durand, dedicated to his wife, Marie-Madeleine Duruflé, the unison version in 1977 and the choral version in 1978.
Like chant, it is in free motion and with narrow ambitus, and the beginning uses the same notes as the chant melody.
It is written in reverential approach to the prayer, with a subtle treatment of harmony used to interpret the significant text in homophony.
The composition is in F major, mostly in triple meter but shifting to 2/4 time when the natural flow of the text demands it.
At Hell's Pass Hospital, Sheila's doctor tells her sons Kyle and Ike that Sheila has a bacterial infection called C-diff, causing the beneficial bacteria in her stomach to be overrun by malignant bacteria, and that she needs a fecal transplant to replace her microbiome.
After the transplant, Sheila extols the beneficial health effects of the procedure to her friends Laura Tucker, Harriet Biggle, and Linda Stotch, much to the embarrassment of her sons.
Consulting a video on how to prevent ridicule over such a thing, Kyle is horrified to learn that microorganisms comprise half of the cells in his body.
At night he dreams of the life forms, and the image of a bookcase that causes him to awaken with a start.
Sheila's friends tell her that they would like to undergo a fecal transplant, but that their doctors would only prescribe the procedure for medical reasons, and ask her to donate a stool sample so they can perform the procedure themselves at home.
Stan, Cartman, and Kenny sneak into the Broflovski's basement and access the soil pipe while Sheila uses the toilet, stealing her feces, much to the anger of Kyle, who catches them in the act.
Kyle consults his doctor to complain about microbiome swapping, and wonders if people with ideal health profiles like Tom Brady will become targets of those wanting such transplants.
Harriet praises the fecal transplant procedure's benefits to her friends, having performed an at-home transplant with a turkey baster, but refuses to tell Sheila where she got the stool sample from.
At a post-game press conference, the press repeatedly ask Brady for a stool sample, which he says he will not give or sell to anyone.
As Kyle's dreams about the microbiome continue, he again is haunted by visions of the bookcase, and develops the ability to see the microorganisms covering his body when awake.
At another shared meal, Harriet, ill and covered in vomit stains, confronts her friends and angrily accuses Sheila of tainting her feces in some way to sabotage her transplant.
As Hell's Pass Hospital fills with local citizens suffering from C-diff, a doctor tells police detective Harrison Yates that the outbreak began at the restaurant where patrons became infected by Sheila's friends.
He explains that because the turkey basters they used for their transplants are only used once a year at Thanksgiving, they spend the rest of the year collecting bacteria.
He then says the hospital is out of healthy donor feces and that enough healthy feces could not be harvested in time to give all the patients transplants, predicting that half of South Park will die.
Brady demands everyone leave, but Kyle appears and leads everyone to Brady's living room bookcase, which he reveals to be a secret door to a hidden room where Brady keeps his jarred feces.
The First cabinet of Cvetković was the government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, from 5 February 1939 to 26 August 1939.
Blanche-Augustine Camus (27 October 1884 – 1968) was a French neo-impressionist painter, associated with the style of Divisionism, noted for her luminous landscapes and gardens of the south of France, often combined with graceful outdoor portraits of her family and friends.
Born in Paris, she studied at the Académie Julian and the École des Beaux-Arts from 1902 to 1908 with Tony Robert-Fleury, Jules Joseph Lefebvre and Adolphe Déchenaud.
She first exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1911, winning the gold medal in 1920, and continuing until 1939.
She moved to Saint-Tropez in 1908 and from then on mostly worked in southern France, where she was associated with Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin and André Dunoyer de Segonzac.
Throughout her life she remained close to her sister, and after their father's death in 1915, the sisters explored the Pyrénées, and joined expeditions around the Mediterranean region including Turkey.
Paintings by the artist are held by the Museum of Fine Arts and Archeology of Besançon, Musée Denon in Chalon-sur-Saône, Musée de la Chartreuse de Douai, Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice and Musée des Beaux-Arts de Pau.
Mira Mezini (born 18 November 1966 in Albania) is a German computer scientist and Professor of Computer Science at the Department of Computer Science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
From 1990 to 1992 she worked at the Computer Center of the University of Siegen and then again as research and teaching assistant at their College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
From 2014 to 2016 she was Vice President for Knowledge and Technology Transfer and then Vice President for Research at TU Darmstadt.
Early in her career she struggled as a female engineer to find employment and was told on multiple occasions that managing a factory was not something she could do as a women .
She is responsible for overseeing quality and repair operations for the iPhone device and its core components such as the microprocessor and battery.
While working at Apple she has been instrumental in negotiating a new deal to have Apple products manufactured in India, one of the worlds fastest growing smartphone markets and diversify its supply chain beyond China .
Born 1972 Nationality Indian Alma Mater Carmel Convent High School Bangalore University Michigan State University Known For Vice President at Apple Inc.
Awards Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from Michigan State University Fields Engineering Marketing Supply Chains Management Institution Asea Brown Boveri Apple Inc.
In February 2017, she was named as the 5th most powerful female engineer in an article published by Business Insider entitled ‘The 43 most powerful female engineers of 2017’ .
In June 2018, she was named as the 4th most powerful female engineer in the Business Insider article ‘The 39 most powerful female engineers of 2018’ .
Because six of the schools had previously been in ECAC Northeast it caused a realignment within that conference which caused the four Division II schools to formally leave and form Northeast-10's ice hockey division along with two schools from ECAC East.
The two teams from ECAC East were members of both conferences from 2009 until 2017 when they left the ECAC East (by then called the New England Hockey Conference).
Project Fresson is the development by Cranfield Aerospace of an electric propulsion system for the over 700 BN-2 Islanders currently operated, supported by Britten-Norman.
It is proposed for Scottish airline Loganair which operate the few minutes long flights to the Orkney Islands' six airfields, including the world's shortest, the Westray to Papa Westray flight scheduled for 1.5 min.
Less noisy, the kit could be modified for similar-size aircraft and could be used for parachuting depending on the charging speed.
Approved by the EASA, Cranfield built the X-48 blended wing body scale-model for NASA, and works with Airbus and Rolls-Royce to develop the hybrid E-Fan X converted BAe 146 demonstrator.
Cranfield wants to develop a STC with off-the-shelf parts: current batteries would give it a 30 min endurance, sufficient for most island flights, and more with a range extender.
By avoiding Avgas and with the lower maintenance of the simpler system, operators could attain a return on investment in 2–3 years with additional investment for charging infrastructure.
To back the development, Cranfield applied for UK government grants through the Aerospace Technology Institute and UK Research and Innovation, and approached private enterprises.
Led by Cranfield Aerospace Solutions (CAeS), Project Fresson (named after Scottish pioneer aviator Ted Fresson) started on 1 October 2019, to fly a demonstrator within 30 months before an EASA STC within another 6-12 months.
Partners include Britten-Norman, Rolls-Royce plc for the power management system, Denis Ferranti for the electric motors, Delta Motorsport for the battery pack, and Warwick Manufacturing Group for battery testing.
It targets a 60 min endurance plus 30 min reserves and with energy five times cheaper than Avgas and reduced maintenance, the conversion cost could be recovered in three years.
After that, CAeS wants to convert an existing 19-seat airliner to hybrid-electric propulsion, then use this EASA-certified power train in a new-design 19-seat.
Rolls-Royce may evolve the design into a series hybrid with a M250 turboshaft instead of the twin piston engines, before powering 19-seat commuter airliner.
A music video, produced by KondZilla, was released in 2015 and reached 6 million views in less than two weeks; however, the song was later removed from all platforms due to allegations of copyright infringement from Disney.
As of May 2019 Zaqui is in a relationship with footballer Yan, brother of Yuri, who played for Santos and Audax.
In July 2016 she was forced to cancel a performance after being admitted to an hospital under suspects of a viral disease.
Kira cared for and helped in rehabilitating the lives of several thousand Polish children, women and old people who were refugees from Russia, who were accommodated during World War II with local help in India.
In 1942, she convinced Jam Sahib Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja of Nawanagar to shelter and school 1000 refugee Polish children at his winter home in Jamnagar-Balachadi.
By 1943, she worked with the Jam Sahib to start construction for a family camp at a stretch of his land in Valivade, a quarter city of Kolhapur.
in 1991, Banasińska was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta, Poland's highest civilian order for her work on behalf of the children.
Podunavlje-Šumadija Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Подунавско-Шумадијска / Zonska liga Podunavsko-Šumadijska) is one of the Serbian Zone League divisions, the fourth tier of the Serbian football league system.
In 1976, he was promoted to captain and served from 1976 to 1982 at the Blekinge Air Force Wing, where he was Radar Intercept Controller from 1976 to 1979 and company commander from 1980 to 1982.
Waldemarsson attended the General Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1978 to 1979 and the Senior Course from 1982 to 1984.
He was promoted to major in 1983 and then served as head of the Education Department in the Air Staff from 1984 to 1985.
Waldemarsson served as head of the Planning Department in the Defence Staff from 1985 to 1986 and was combat control commander at the Blekinge Air Force Wing from 1986 to 1989.
He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1987 and then served again in the Planning Department in the Defence Staff from 1989 to 1990.
Waldemarsson was promoted to colonel in 1994 and was educated at the Air War College in Alabama, United States from 1994 to 1995.
In 1997, Waldemarsson was promoted to colonel 1st class and then he served as commanding officer of the Middle Air Command from 1997 to 1998.
He was promoted to major general in 1998 and was head of the Planning Staff at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 1998 to 2000.
After that he was an adviser on export issues regarding aircraft equipment at the Ministry of Defence from 2008 to 2010.
It is set aboard a space station in orbit around Earth, where the crew is suffering tensions and considering abandoning their mission when an apparent planet-killing event on Earth is observed.
American magazine The Hollywood Reporter criticized the abundance of smoking in the film, however, commented on the special effects positively despite the film's limited budget.
It is scheduled to begin on 26 June 2020 in Falkirk, Scotland at Falkirk Stadium and conclude on 26 July 2020 in Aberdeen, Scotland at Hazlehead Park, consisting of 21 shows.
Rory Feely (born 3 January 1997) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for League of Ireland Premier Division club, St Patrick's Athletic, in his second spell at the club where he started his professional career, having also previously spent 2 seasons at Waterford.
His performances at the Kennedy Cup earned him a move to League of Ireland Champions St Patrick's Athletic in 2014, where he started playing with the Under 19 side.
His first season was a success with Pat's winning the Under 19 SSE Airtricity League with a 3–2 win over Derry City under 19's in the final at Maginn Park, with Feely getting himself on the scoresheet.
The team included several players that broke through to the Pat's first team and beyond in the League of Ireland and English Football Leagues, including Jamie McGrath, Darragh Markey, Jack Bayly, Fuad Sule, Paul Rooney and JJ Lunney.
Feely's first involement with the first team at St Patrick's Athletic came on the 9th September 2014 when he came off the bench for the last 5 minutes of the 2014 Leinster Senior Cup Final, which saw his side win 2–1 to claim the trophy and Feely's first medal at senior level.
His first senior league appearance came on the 17th October 2014 when he replaced Killian Brennan in the 72nd minute of a 2–0 defeat to Athlone Town at Richmond Park.
He did not feature in the first team in 2015 due to his heavy involvement with the clubs Under 19's side and also Kildare GAA Minors.
His next involement with the first team came in pre-season 2016, when manager Liam Buckley decided that he would convert Feely from a Right Winger to a Centre Back and his next appearance came in February 2016, coming off the bench in a 3–1 defeat away to Bray Wanderers in the Leinster Senior Cup.
Feely's first career goal at senior level came on the 18th April 2016, when he scored the winner in extra time away to Dundalk in the League Cup.
His first ever League of Ireland goal came in a 1–1 draw with Galway United on the 14th April 2017, when he powered home a header from a Conan Byrne corner.
Feely featured 23 times across the season in a young squad that was in a relegation battle right until the final day of the season, retaining their place in the division with a 1–1 draw against Derry City at Maginn Park.
Having played a handfull of games at Right back for St Patrick's Athletic the previous season, Waterford manager Alan Reynolds deemed it to be Feely's best position, making him his first choice in that position, as he made his debut on the opening night of the season in a 2–1 win over Derry City at the RSC.
Along with his 2 goals, Feely made 34 appearances in all competitions for Waterford in his debut season at the club, as they finished in 4th place.
Feely was named the club's Young Player of the Year after an excellent first season with the club for the 21 year old.
Feely had to wait until the 13th September for his first goal of the season, helping his side to a 2–1 win over Bohemians at Dalymount Park.
The season turned out to be a dissapointment for the club as they finished in 6th place, but on a personal level it was a success for Feely as he featured in 40 games, scored 2 goals and was named as Waterford's Player of the Year after another impressive year for the Right back.
On the 19th November 2019, it was announced that Feely had resigned for St Patrick's Athletic under new manager Stephen O'Donnell.
Feely was born in Brussels, Belgium, with his family living there in the 1990's while his father had a job there.
Feely played Gaelic football growing up, progressing from Athy GAA to county level with Kildare GAA at Minor level, all while playing for St Patrick's Athletic at Under 19 level.
Rory's brother Kevin Feely is a former professional footballer who played with Bohemians, Charlton Athletic, Carlisle United, AFC Wimbledon & Newport County.
Feely made one appearance for the Republic of Ireland U21s, playing in a friendly against Republic of Ireland Ametuers on the 11th February 2017.
The Ukvushvuynen Range (; ), also known as Meingypilgyn Range (), is a range of mountains in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Far East.
It stretches roughly from east to west in southern Chukotka, between the Koyverlan Range to the west and Cape Navarin in the Bering Sea to the east.
Other high peaks of the range are high Gora Tsirk (гора цирк) and high mount Kenkeren (кэнкэрэн), the latter rising above the NW side of Lake Maynits in the central part of the range.
The Kakanaut River, a small river flowing southwards in the central part of the range into the NE bay of Lake Pekulney, gives its name to the Kakanaut Maastrichtian geological formation.
There are shrub areas of Siberian pine in the lower mountain slopes, while the upper elevations are covered with mountain tundra.
Water bodies constitute 3.5% of the catchment area of lake cluster..Pokhara valley Lake conservation committee was established in 2008 with an objective to conserve the ecosystem around the lakes.
The martyrdom of Saint Erasmus by Dieric Bouts is, in addition to The Last Supper, a second work by the artist in the Saint Peter's church in Leuven.
Historian Huizinga uses the term 'dermwinderken' for the Erasmus triptych, because the central panel shows how, according to legend, the intestines of Saint Erasmus were pulled out of his body with the help of a windlass.
Erasmus undergoes this without betraying any emotion; the executioners carry out their duties seriously and Emperor Diocletian and his three companions, who attend the event, appear to be in a meditative state just as the saints on the side panels.
On the side panels two persons are depicted, on the left is the church father Jerome and on the right is Bernard of Clairvaux, the founder of the Cistercian Order.
They are, respectively, depicted with a lion who has rid Jerome of a thorn in his leg; and a devil who lies at the feet of Bernard and symbolizes the torments that the saint has resisted.
Instead of bringing the narrative aspects and horror of the legend of Saint Erasmus to the fore, Bouts sought to emphasize the holiness of Erasmus, Jerome and Bernard and to present them as protectors and as objects of devotion.
Some see the image of the three saints as a tribute to the three forms of holiness: Erasmus, the martyr, Hieronymus, the scholar, and Bernard, the mystic.
The spider's abdomen bears 14 spines (six on each side and two in the rear) and is yellow in color with brown or black sigilla and a strongly wrinkled ventral side.
The story is of a small-time criminal called Hoodz (played by Scorcher), who finds success in robbing stores and small businesses, and finally catches the jackpot by attacking a big drug dealer for his stash of money and drugs.
Gunz (played by Dylan Duffus), is an undercover police officer posing as a member in his squad is failing to make regular contact to his commanding officers and is increasingly becoming extremely content with the idea of being one of the members in Hoodz' crew.
Jay (Ghetts) has big dreams, but his hopes are maimed by his allegiance to both his crew and Hackney crime boss Beverley (Sharon Duncan-Brewster).
Things are progressing well until Beverley discovers his treachery, and an ill-fated burglary in North London and a trip to Jamaica rips the crew apart.
Whilst their operations are being watched by an undercover Police officer Gunz (Dylan Duffus), who has been used to integrate himself into the crew.
In an interview Femi stated that he'd like to do a third film as the original movie ended on a cliff-hanger, he said that this one has to do well in the box office first.
That season the five full member schools formed the ice hockey division along with two schools from the Little East and began a conference schedule.
The MASCAC also started a conference tournament in its inaugural year however, despite having the requisite number of teams, it did not receive an automatic bid for the NCAA Tournament until 2012.
She was a professor and occult researcher at Northern Illinois University where she served as chair of library and information services.
She was named assistant program coordinator of the divisional services department at the American Library Association in December 1967, with her term set to begin January 1.
The seabed of the sediment plain consists of sand and gravel habitats, and lies at a depth of between 80 and 120 metres below sea level.
The latter, which are large and slow growing clams, have a lifespan of more than 400 years and are thus considered to be amongst the oldest living animals on Earth.
It was produced around the middle of the Heian period, and is named for having formerly been in the possession of the Katsura-no-miya family.
These are written on a single scroll containing 109 poems from Book IV, or roughly 1/3 of the book, along with another fragment (occasionally called the Toganoo-gire 栂尾切) containing 66 poems along with an index of 37 more.
It was likely copied by , although other theories propose Ki no Tsurayuki, Minamoto no Shitagō, Fujiwara no Yukinari and Minamoto no Toshifusa.
The scroll was held by Maeda Matsu, the wife of Maeda Toshiie, and in the time of Maeda Toshitsune entered the holdings of the Katsura-no-miya household.
In 1989 he received his doctor's degree from the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) under the supervision of Yan Dongsheng.
Its best known investment is the planned acquisition of the Public Interest Registry, the organization in charge of managing the .org top-level domain, from the Internet Society for $1.135 billion.
According to Ethos Capital's website, other investments are Whistle (sports network for kids), Adhark (AI trend analytics), LiquidX (asset trading network), and VidMob (video marketing).
During his tenure at Abry, in September 2018, the company acquired Donuts, a domain name registrar with a wide portfolio of new gTLDs.
In October 2018 former ICANN President of Global Domains Akram Atallah joined Donuts as CEO, while in December 2018 Donuts co-founder Jon Nevett joined Public Interest Registry as CEO.
Former CEO Fadi Chehadé serves as an advisor, and former Senior Vice President, Development and Public Responsibility Programs Nora Abusitta-Ouri serves as Chief Purpose Officer.
The 2019–20 Tour de Ski was the 14th edition of the Tour de Ski and part of the 2019–20 FIS Cross-Country World Cup.
The World Cup stage event began in Lenzerheide, Switzerland on 28 December 2019 and concluded with the Final Climb stage in Val di Fiemme, Italy, on 5 January 2020.
In the sprint stages, the winners were awarded 60 bonus seconds, while on mass start stages the first ten skiers past the intermediate point received from 15 seconds to 1 seconds.
This was calculated using the finishing times of the best two skiers of both genders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time.
The overall winners of the Tour de Ski received CHF 55,000, with the second and third placed skiers getting CHF 40,000 and CHF 27,500 respectively.
The holders of the overall and points standings would benefit on each stage they led; the final winners of the points standings would be given CHF 6,000.
CHF 3,000 was given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places 2 and 3.
The table shows the number of 2019/2020 FIS Cross-Country World Cup points won in the 2019-20 Tour de Ski for men and women.
The 2009–10 NCAA Division II men's ice hockey season began on November 3, 2009 and concluded on March 6 of the following year.
Because six of the schools had previously been in ECAC Northeast it caused a realignment within that conference which caused the four Division II schools to formally leave and form Northeast-10's ice hockey division along with two schools from ECAC East.
The two teams from ECAC East were members of both conferences from 2009 until 2017 when they left the ECAC East (by then called the New England Hockey Conference).
Because the six teams that comprised the conference already played a tournament and there were no other extant Division II programs (Minnesota–Crookston downgraded its program after 2009) the National Tournament was not restarted.
UFC Fight Night: Anderson vs. Błachowicz 2 (also known as UFC Fight Night 167 and UFC on ESPN+ 25) is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that is planned to take place on February 15, 2020 at the Santa Ana Star Center in Rio Rancho, New Mexico.
The event will be the first that the promotion has hosted in Rio Rancho, after previously contesting in nearby Albuquerque in June 2014.
A light heavyweight rematch between light heavyweight winner Corey Anderson and former KSW Light Heavyweight Champion Jan Błachowicz is expected to serve as the event headliner in a possible title eliminator.
She came from the actors family Krüger-Demmer and died at the age of 30 after a successful stage career in Vienna lasting only 15 years.
Kneisel-Demmer was active from 1817 to 1824 as a singer at the Theater am Kärntnertor and from 1824 to 1826 as an actress at the Hofburgtheater.
Among other things she played in Raimund's ' the role of the stone-breaker-wife Mirzel and in 1831 the chamber maid Linda in ', as well as with Nestroy in February 1832 the widow Adelheid in ' and in March of this year the kitchengretl Roselheid in '.
In the choir of the St. Peter's Church in Leuven is a twelve-meter high sacrament tower designed by architect Matheus de Laeyens from 1450.
This design was no exception: for this reason doors are provided on the choir side and in the direction of the two northern chapel chapels, which the Brotherhood of the Holy Sacrament was given in 1432 from the chapter of Saint Peter.
The tower in St. Peter's Church was built between 1537 and 1539 and this makes it the oldest preserved sacrament tower in Belgium.
In addition to these, six others were once found in Leuven, namely in the churches of Sint-Jacob, Saint Quentin (two copies), Park Abbey, Sint-Geertrui Abbey and in the Celestine Monastery in Heverlee.
In Flemish Brabant there are still a few sacrament towers from the 16th and 17th centuries that can be seen, especially in Zoutleeuw, Zuurbemde and Diest.
The structure of the sacrament tower consists of an open landing as a base, with the actual tabernacle above it and then reliefs with the passion of Christ and finally a richly elaborated tower crown.
It contained reliefs depicting passion scenes, but all but one were lost, just like the apostle figures who stood around the tabernacle.
The only remaining original fragment is the Grace Chair, in which a throning God the Father supports the dead body of his Son.
The theme of the mercy seat is represented three more times in St. Peter's Church, namely on the back of the right side panel of the Edelheeretriptiek (1443), and in the burial monuments of Michaël Scribaens (circa 1504) and Adolf van Baussele (circa 1559).
The twelve apostles are depicted in the niches on the corner supports: they were witnesses to the establishment of the sacrament of the Eucharist.
The International Rules Series is a senior men's competition played under the laws of international rules football, a hybrid sport combining elements of Gaelic football and Australian rules football.
Though the first Australian Football World Tour took place in 1967, it wasn't until 1984 that the first organised series sanctioned by the two governing bodies occurred.
The four series that took place from 1984 to 1990 featured three test matches each, with the winning nation being the one to secure at least two victories.
Since 1998 each series has been played over two matches, with the winning nation being the one to score the highest amount on aggregate over the two tests.
So 2.9.7 (46) means 2 goals, 9 overs and 7 behinds; 2(6) + 9(3) + 7(1) = 12 + 27 + 7 = 46 points in total.
An under-17 boys series was contested by the nations until it was abandoned in 2006, and a solitary women's series was played in Ireland in 2006.
An under 17 boys series is believed to been played yearly since 1996, though results for only these three tours are known.
Republic of Sudan v. Harrison, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case from the October 2018 term.
The Court held that civil service of a lawsuit against the government of Sudan was invalid because the civil complaints and summons had been sent to the embassy of Sudan in DC rather than to the Sudanese Foreign Minister in Khartoum.
This case is notable because it arose out of the bombing of the USS Cole, a terrorist attack perpetrated by al Qaeda in 2000.
The United States federal government's decision to file a friend of the court brief supporting Sudan against a lawsuit filed by injured United States service members also sparked controversy.
In October 2000, the USS Cole, a United States Navy destroyer, was attacked by suicide bombers in the port of Aden in Yemen.
Though the attack was attributed to the terrorist group al Qaeda, family members of the slain sailors filed a lawsuit against the government of Sudan, accusing it of complicity and providing material support to the attackers.
Foreign governments are generally immune from lawsuits in United States courts; however, an exception exists under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976.
In addition, the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act of 2016 allows for punitive damages against state sponsors of terrorism, and can be applied retroactively to incidents that took place before the law was enacted.
In July 2004, family members of the sailors filed a lawsuit against Sudan for more than $100 million, alleging the Sudanese government provided support to the attackers and were complicit in the deaths of their relatives on the USS Cole.
Though the doctrine of sovereign immunity generally bars lawsuits against foreign governments in US courts, the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act creates an exception for countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism.
In March 2007, the district court found in favor of the sailors' families, ruling that Sudan was liable for the USS Cole attack after a two-day bench trial.
The families sought up to $105 million in damages, but the damages were reduced to $13.4 million ($8 million in compensatory damages as well as $5.4 million in interest) as a result of the Death on the High Seas Act, which limited damages by disallowing emotional distress claims.
In 2010, a second lawsuit was filed against Sudan by 15 injured sailors and their families, seeking compensatory damages as well as punitive damages, which are permitted retroactively under the 2008 Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA).
The complaint and civil summons were filed at the Sudanese embassy in Washington, DC, where they were accepted by a staffer at the embassy.
In 2012, the plaintiffs in this suit prevailed in a default judgment and were awarded close to $315 million in compensatory and punitive damages following Sudan's failure to appear.
Sudan then appealed the decision to United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 2014, claiming that proper procedures were not followed in serving the initial complaint in the 2010 case.
Solicitor General Erica Ross appeared on behalf of the United States government, presenting the United States's perspective in support of Sudan.
In an 8-to-1 vote, the Supreme Court ruled that the plaintiffs failed to comply with the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FISA) when they sent their complaint and civil summons to the Sudanese embassy in DC rather than directly to the Sudanese Foreign Minister in Khartoum.
Writing for the majority, Justice Samuel Alito ruled that the most 'natural' reading of the text of the FSIA was that the civil process had to be made directly to the foreign minister's office in the foreign state, and that the correct address for the foreign minister was the location that the foreign minister lived or worked—not the embassy.
Alito's opinion also noted that this interpretation is consistent with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations as well as the United States's own policy of not accepting service at American embassies when the US government is sued overseas.
In his dissenting opinion, Justice Clarence Thomas stated that, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an embassy should be appropriate places to serve legal paper's to that country's foreign minister.
The plaintiffs were however permitted to file suit again, either by serving the papers directly to the Sudanese foreign minister in Khartoum or asking the United States Secretary of State to do so via diplomatic channels.
Its facade presents the characteristic typology of manor houses of Gran Canaria, in which a stone frame joins the main door with a window located, with windowsill and cornice as decoration.
The quarry frame has been painted the same color as the cloth of the facade, an aesthetic decision that doesn't reflect traditional construction.
In addition, in 2019 a bank of contemporary architectural style was built in front of the house, which contributes to the loss of the place's cultural context.
When cornering, the typological contrast between the secondary facade facing the west (with a wide wall whose only decoration is two rows of windows and the frontis that obeys the neoclassical taste of the openings perfectly arranged in their placement, as well as in the stonework frames that surround them and the elegant cornice that crowns the building on its side of the old street of La Cruz.
A striking forged blacksmith shop, with classic vegetal and faunal decoration, is located in the railings of its six windows and on the balcony.
John Hampton (born December 6, 1966) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 16th district since 2013.
The triumphal cross in the Saint Peter's church in Leuven was made between 1490 and 1500 by, presumably, the workshop of the Brussels sculptor Jan Borman.
The chapel in which the triumphal cross is located is the oldest preserved in Leuven, with various but unconfirmed attributions concerning authorship - it has already been attributed to Matthijs de Layens, Jan II Borreman, Jan de Messemaker, Hendrik van Evergem, ...
The balance of expressiveness in draping and nuance in the posture of the figures also leads to the suspicion that it was made by Jan Borman, a well-known and appreciated image cutter.
Mary turns her face away from the cross, as if she can no longer tolerate the view, but John cannot keep his eyes off it.
At the bottom the ensemble rests on a wooden supporting structure that is divided into three arcades, each of these arcades contains a figure, these are from left to right: Gregory, Peter and Jerome.
Dr. Bambang Hero Saharjo is an Indonesian fire forensics specialist and Professor of the Environment and Forest Fires at Bogor Agricultural University.
In 2019, he won the Sense About Science John Maddox award for his work to prevent companies, particularly those of the palm oil industry, from using illegal methods of land clearance in Indonesia.
Saharjo has produced evidence for criminal trials against firms that have been accused of using illegal methods to clear peatland for crops such as palm oil.
He has been an expert witness in over 500 cases since 2000, for which he has faced harassment, intimidation, legal action and death threats.
According to the Guardian, the fires cause annual environmental damage of $10 billion, respiratory problems for children, and produce 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions every season.
Saharjo has published over 50 papers to date and his work has been widely cited in academic literature on the topic.
In November 2019, Saharjo was awarded the Sense About Science John Maddox prize for researchers who take personal risks in the course of their scientific work.
Bina Addy (born about 1900, died 1962), also seen as Bini Addy, was an Indian singer of popular Bengali and western songs.
She was promoted as the first Indian woman to study Western music in Europe, and the first to become a professional singer touring internationally.
Addy sang in concerts, on radio, and at benefits for the YWCA and other organizations, in Australia and New Zealand in the 1930s.
Her programs were mainly Bengali songs, including works by Rabindranath Tagore, but she sometimes included British folk songs, African-American spirituals, Italian arias, and German lieder.
It was founded by the Hetman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Voivode of Vilnius Jan Karol Chodkiewicz in 1618.
Matelea cynanchoides, commonly called prairie milkvine, is a species of plant in the dogbane family that is native to south-central United States.
Phra Ruang () is a legendary figure from Thai history, usually described as the founder of the first Thai kingdom who freed the people from the rule of the ancient Khmer Empire.
A common version of the Phra Ruang legend is that he was a Thai chieftain of Lavo (Lopburi) with supernatural powers of speech.
The Thais had to deliver water to the Khom (Khmer) capital as tax, and Phra Ruang used his powers to make bamboo baskets waterproof so that they could be used to carry the water instead of heavy clay jars.
One of the best known is a 1917 play by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), who explained the supernatural powers as acts of Phra Ruang's great wit.
These early immigrants faced racism and the struggles of the Great Depression, and moved to the Midwestern United States in hopes of finding better employment opportunities.
He was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the 38th round of the 1998 MLB draft, but did not sign and attended Los Angeles City College and California State University, Long Beach.
He served as a coach for the GCL Pirates (2008), West Virginia Power (2009, 2010, and 2012), State College Spikes (2011), and Bradenton Marauders (2013).
Varela was hired by the Minnesota Twins as their minor league field coordinator, spending the 2018 and 2019 seasons in that role.
He is best known for his involvement in the Michigan State University Vietnam Advisory Group, where he served as the Chief Advisor from 1956 — 1958.
Fishel was an active proponent of America's influence in Vietnam, and was a close friend of South Vietnam's leader, Ngo Dinh Diem.
After two years at Georgetown, Fishel transferred to Northwestern University and ultimately received a Bachelor of Science degree in International Relations in 1941.
His work in the Military awarded him a letter of commendation for his efforts in the 3rd Marine Division when it invaded Iwo Jima.
TakeOver is a series of professional wrestling shows that began on May 29, 2014, as the WWE developmental territory NXT held their second WWE Network exclusive live broadcast billed as TakeOver.
At Worlds Collide, it was revealed that the winner of the tournament would receive a NXT Tag Team Championship match at Takeover: Portland.
Their conflict devolves into open war, and the poet uses pigs to allegorize human corruption, conflict, and revolutionary violence in a simple and transparent way.
Rev Hector Cameron (1924–1994) was a Free Church of Scotland minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1980.
He was born in Resolis in Ross-shire in 1924 the son of Rev William Cameron (1885-1950), descended from shepherds in the Lochaber district, and his wife, Elizabeth Mackintosh.
During this period, from 1980 to 1981, he served as Moderator of the General Assembly the highest position in his church.
After law school, McKenzie clerked for Judge Pierre Leval of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and then for Justice John Paul Stevens of the United States Supreme Court.
McKenzie returned to NYU Law in 2017 after serving for two years as the Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel.
The stolen items include the 49-carat Dresden White Diamond, the diamond-laden breast star of the Polish Order of the White Eagle which belonged to the King of Poland, a hat clasp with a 16-carat diamond, a diamond epaulette, and a diamond-studded hilt containing nine large and 770 smaller diamonds, along with a matching scabbard.
The missing items were of great cultural value to the State of Saxony and were described as priceless; other sources estimate the total value at about €1 billion.
The heist took place at the Green Vault () in Dresden, Germany, one of the oldest museums in Europe, founded in 1723 by Augustus II the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
At the time of the heist, it displayed about 4,000 items of jewellery and other treasures which were decorated with gold, silver, ivory, pearl, and other precious metals and stones.
One of the museum's main treasures, the 41-carat Dresden Green Diamond, was away on loan at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.
On 25 November at 4 a.m. a small fire was started on the nearby Augustus Bridge, which destroyed a power box.
The thieves were not able to take all of the pieces from the three jewellery sets; some jewellery was sewn into the surface of the cabinet and those pieces remained.
Security guards stationed at the museum followed protocol after the heist was discovered and did not engage with the robbers, as the guards were unarmed.
One of the stolen pieces was a small sword, described as an épée made of silver and gold with a hilt of nine large and seven hundred and seventy smaller diamonds.
Also believed to be stolen is a diamond hat clasp comprising 15 large diamonds and more than 100 small ones, the largest being a 16-carat diamond, that was made in the 1780s and worn by Frederick Augustus III.
An Order of the White Eagle breast star by the diamond-cutter Jean Jacques Pallard, made up of a 20-carat diamond at its centre and a Maltese cross of red rubies, was also taken.
Marion Ackermann, director of Dresden State Art Collections, said that it was impossible to estimate the price of the stolen items due to their historic cultural value.
The first police car was called to the building at 4:59 a.m. arriving five minutes later, but by that time the suspects had escaped.
The police believe there were four thieves and that they fled in an Audi A6; an identical vehicle was later found on fire in an underground parking lot.
The General Director of Dresden's state art collections told reporters that the stolen jewels cannot be sold on the art market legally as they were too well known to collectors.
The Church of Jesus the Redeemer (, ) is a Roman Catholic church in the eldership of Antakalnis in Vilnius, Lithuania.
It was founded by the Hetman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Voivode of Vilnius Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Younger and the Trinitarians in 1694.
Its architect is Giovanni Pietro Perti, who is also the author of the nearby Church of St. Peter and St. Paul.
Lianna Olivia Rebolledo (born 1980) is an anti-abortion activist who travels throughout latin America visiting shelters to counsel teen girls who are victims of rape and incest.
She now works with N.G.O.’s and the U.N. pressuring politicians to change laws restricting abortion for victims of rape in Latin America.
Rebolledo was living in Mexico City and after she was kidnapped by two men from a shopping mall, suffering violent injuries to her face and permanent eye damage, she was found to have been impregnated by one of her attackers.
Giving birth at 13 she later moved to Los Angeles where she became emancipated at 16, living with her family in an apartment.
She has travelled throughout Latin America, visiting shelters in Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and in the U.S., giving talks to teen survivors of Rape, sowing seeds of hope that they too can persevere and extolling positive life consequences due to having a child of rape.
She has also spoken to members of congress in those countries and their national assemblies, pushing to liberalize abortion laws for victims of rape.
Her awards include the Antonio de Carlo Academy of Arts award extended by the Universidad del Valle de Atemajac in the State of Querétaro, Mexico.
Ahmed was one of the founders and organizers of Nirmul Committee which demanded a war crimes tribunal for war crimes committed during Bangladesh Liberation war.
Ahmed was attending a rally of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal on 16 February 1999 in Kalidaspur Government Primary School, Kalidaspur, Daulatpur Upazila, Kushtia District.
The 2020 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season will be the 63rd season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 71st overall.
The Tiger-Cats will attempt to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive year and win their ninth Grey Cup championship.
This will be the second season under co-general managers Drew Allemang and Shawn Burke and the second season under head coach Orlondo Steinauer.
The Tiger-Cats currently hold nine selections in the eight-round draft after acquiring another first-round pick from the Montreal Alouettes as part of the Johnny Manziel trade.
By finishing as the Grey Cup runner up, the Tiger-Cats will have the second-to-last selection in each round of the draft.
The list below is subject to change once the league announces any conditional trades or if the league awards territorial picks that were re-introduced in the 2019 CFL Draft.
The 2020 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season will be the 63rd season for the team in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and their 88th season overall.
The Blue Bombers will enter the season as the defending Grey Cup champions for the first time in 29 years, having ended the franchise's lengthy drought with last year's championship win in the 107th Grey Cup game.
The team will attempt to qualify for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season and win their 12th Grey Cup championship.
This will be the seventh season under head coach Mike O'Shea and the seventh full season under general manager Kyle Walters.
By virtue of finishing as Grey Cup champions in the previous season, the Blue Bombers will select last in each round of the eight-round draft, not including any traded picks.
The team made one trade, acquiring Grey Cup starting quarterback, Zach Collaros, and a fifth-round pick from the Toronto Argonauts for the Blue Bombers' third-round pick.
The list below is subject to change once the league announces any conditional trades or if the league awards territorial picks that were re-introduced in the 2019 CFL Draft.
Mike Bocchino (born July 24, 1971) is an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 150th district from 2015 to 2019.
It is located on Countesswells Road with entrances on both Countesswells Road and Springfield Road where the cemetery lodge is situated.
Harding is currently the Head of Broadcast for the World Curling Federation (WCF) and was the Equipment and Logistics Officer for the WCF.
In Canada he was a faculty member at the University of Waterloo from 1989 to 2001 and at Simon Fraser University from 2001 to 2004.
At Cornell University he is since 2004 a full professor and since 2018 the Samuel B. Eckert Professor of Engineering in the School of Operations Research and Information Engineering.
The Catholic Students Mission Crusade (CSMC), was a mission education organization, founded in 1918 by two Society of Divine Word seminarians, Clifford J.
King and Robert B. Clark, who wanted to establish an organization similar to the highly successful Protestant Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions that John Mott had founded.
The first meeting took place in 1918 at Techny, outside Chicago, Illinois, with over 100 clergy, seminarians, laity and a few bishops attending.
The organization grew quickly under the leadership of Frank A. Thill, its national director who later became Bishop of Salinas, Kansas in 1938.
Thill edited the organization's national magazine, The Shield, and traveled the country challenging students to imitate the zeal and dedication of the medieval Crusaders for their faith.
In the next decade, it began compiling U.S. Catholic missionary statistics and in the 1950s it drew on the experience and knowledge of member mission societies to produce Fundamentals of Missiology and Perspectives in Religion and Culture.
At biennial national conventions, except during World War II, several thousand youth and adult leaders rallied for a summer conference, where they listened to talks by missionaries, walked through large-as-life mission displays, and took part in liturgical services aimed at inspiring young people to read, support missionaries in prayer and to consider a mission vocation themselves.
Locally the CSMC was conducted in school units on the junior and senior high school level, as well as in colleges and seminaries.
The units used the many audio-visual resources produced by the national office in Cincinnati, Ohio, and attempted to infuse a mission spirit throughout the schools.
For half a century, the Catholic Student Mission Crusade became one of the most effective and pervasive mission education and promotion programs.
In the summer of 1541, Ōuchi's Shirai sea lords led an attack against the Noshima, Kurushima, and Innoshima, reaching a standstill in the winter months.
A countersuit was brought by the Noshima, and the merchants acknowledged their toll rights on all ships apart from those coming from south Kyushu.
In the 1540s, a minor branch of the family based on the nearby Nakatoshima island launched a challenge over house leadership.
From 1579 until 1582, they worked for the Mori clan to block the Inland Sea from any of Oda Nobunaga's ships.
However, they later entered into negotiations with the Oda, sending Nobunaga a baby hawk, which was a symbol of loyal service.
In the 1520s, the Hosokawa recognized Noshima control over Shiwaku, where they developed it into a way station for travellers and sailors.
The Nosima were generous in the travel passes that they gave, bestowing them to Matsura lords from Hirado Domain, harbour officials from Akamagaseki, shipping organizations from Kii Province, and traveling Jesuits.
The Noshima leader at the time was Murakami Takeyoshi, and flying their flag was often seen as the only way to avoid safety at sea.
The Noshima created a maritime toll road using ships: the protection against interlopers and rival companies possibly persuaded merchants to remain within the boundaries.
The Leopards, led by 25th-year head coach Fran O'Hanlon, play their home games at the Kirby Sports Center in Easton, Pennsylvania as members of the Patriot League.
Garki Hospital is a 100-bed hospital in Abuja, Nigeria, owned by the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA), and one of a few hospitals in the country that carry out renal transplants.
he is elected Members of the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1970, elected Member of Parliament in Undivided Khulna-3 constituency in 1973 and elected Member of Parliament the Bagerhat-2 constituency in June 1996.
Daru was elected Members of the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1970, elected Member of Parliament in Undivided Khulna-3 constituency in 1973 and elected Member of Parliament the Bagerhat-2 constituency in June 1996.
Mo Agoro (born 29 January 1993) is an English born rugby league player who plays at international level for and at domestic level for Keighley Cougars in League 1.
Playing at or Agoro has previously played for Oldham, Hunslet, Gloucestershire All Golds and Newcastle Thunder with short loan periods at Hemel Stags and London Skolars.
Of Nigerian and Jamaican heritage Agoro was raised in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England and played for Leeds Rhinos Academy before signing his first professional contract with Oldham at the end of 2012.
After a debut appearance against North Wales Crusaders Agoro went on to play 40 games for Oldham scoring 27 tries in the 2013 and 2014 seasons.
At the end of the 2014 season he signed for Hunslet where he stayed for two seasons, including a short period in 2015 playing for Hemel Stags with whom Hunslet had a dual registration agreement.
Partway through the 2016 season, finding first-team appearances at Hunslet limited, Agoro joined Gloucestershire All Golds on loan before making the move permanent in September 2016.
With the withdrawal of the All Golds from the league at the end of 2017, Agoro joined Newcastle Thunder for 2018.
Extending his stay at Newcastle for 2019, Agoro scored 22 tries in 37 appearances before joining London Skolars on loan in July 2019.
Agoro was first selected for the national team for the Americas qualifying tournament for the 2017 World Cup and won his first cap as one of the interchange players in the match against on 4 December 2015.
MODELSWARD, the International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development is an annual conference of researchers, engineers, academics and industrial professional.
Since its first edition in 2013, MODELSWARD's program is composed of several technical sessions, tutorial talks, poster sessions and keynote lectures.
The papers presented in the conference are available at the SCITEPRESS digital library, published in the conference proceedings and some of the best papers are invited to a post-publication with Springer in the Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS) book series.
by Kathy Ellen Davis, was released by Chronicle Books and nominated for an Young Readers award via the 38th Annual Northern California Book Awards.
Waltraud Klasnic ( Tschiltsch, born 27 October 1945) is an Austrian politician who was (governor) of Styria from 1996 until 2005.
She was appointed to the Federal Council in 1977, remaining a member until 1981 when she was elected to the Styrian Landtag.
After the previous of Styria resigned due to a disappointing election performance, Klasnic was elected as his successor by the Landtag on 23 January 1996.
Originally she intended to remain chairperson of the ÖVP in Styria, but lack of support forced her to relinquish this position as well.
In 2010 Klasnic became victims' advocate for the Catholic Church sexual abuse cases in Austria, leading a commission tasked with investigating reported incidents and compensating victims.
Klasnic was appointed to a similar role by the (ÖSV) in 2017 after allegations of abuse in the organisation, related to the Me Too movement, were widely publicised.
Dan Gasaway (born August 6, 1966) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 28th district from 2013 to 2019.
The List of awards and nominations received by refers to the awards and nominations which were received by Albanian singer and songwriter Aurela Gaçe.
William Dillwyn, (1743, Philadelphia - 28 September 1824), was an American-born Quaker active in the abolitionist movement in colonial America and after 1774, Great Britain.
He was one of the twelve committee members of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade when it was formed in 1787.
His son-in-law, Richard Dykes Alexander stipulated that some street names should commemorate leading abolitionists when he provided the land for the devlopment of which this road was a part.
XVIII SS Army Corps was formed in December 1944 on the Upper Rhine from the remnants of 3 Wehrmacht Infantry Divisions.
Reid attended the then Mars Hill Junior College (now Mars Hill University) and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University) in 1937 with a degree in physics.
From 1938 to 1942, Reid worked as a staff announcer for radio stations in Asheville, Wilson, Greenville, South Carolina, and Raleigh.
In 1942, Reid entered the Naval Air Force for World War II, where he served in the Aleutian Islands for two years and afterwards was a radar officer at Adak, Kodiak, Attu.
He returned to radio station WPTF in Raleigh as staff announcer, sports director, and weather reporter; in 1958 he became manager of the Raleigh office of WTVD television station.
James Reid died on June 19, 1972 in Raleigh, North Carolina from a heart attack at the age of 54 years.
Julia Salter Earle (1878-1945) was born September 20, 1878 in St. John’s, Newfoundland, the twelfth child of Elizabeth Brown Chancey and William Thomas Hall Salter.
Salter Earle worked in paid employment as an engrossing clerk for the Newfoundland Legislative Assembly, preparing in script writing every law passed by the legislature.
Her paid work gave Salter Earle a wide knowledge of the laws in Newfoundland, and supported her efforts with labour unions, in politics and community organizations.
This union represented women workers in clothing, cordage and shoe factories, among others, who were seeking better working conditions and wages, issues that had been ignored in Newfoundland.
On 21 April, 1921, Salter Earle and Edward J. Whitty, executive member of the Newfoundland Industrial Workers Association (NIWA), led a march of unemployed workers through downtown St. John's to the House of Assembly.
A second march on 13 May 1921 challenged the promises of relief made by government; Salter Earle argued their efforts were not sufficient to address the plight of unemployed women and men.
In 1925, Salter Earle ran for a council seat as a local labour candidate in the St. John’s municipal election, one of three women challenging for a seat.
Although not successful in formal politics, Julia Salter Earle remained a strong supporter of those in need, sometimes giving food from her own table to the hungry who came to her door.
She carried her concern for others into the Women’s Association of Cochrane Street Methodist Church and the Old Colony Club, previously known as the Ladies Reading Room and Current Events Club, a group of prominent women who focused on the child welfare movement and women’s enfranchisement.
Ovire attended Itire Nursery and Primary School in Surulere and AUD Secondary School which is also situated in Surulere, Lagos State.
Ovire for her post secondary school education enrolled in Delta State University, Abraka but eventually would complete it at Ambrose Alli University where she obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Banking and Finance.
Ovire before her debut into the Nigerian movie industry Nollywood, began her career as a model as she described in an interview with the The Punch print media house.
Carmen Castillo García (born May 4, 1932) is a Spanish Professor Emeritus of Classical Philology at the University of Navarra in Pamplona.
Because she wanted to study Classical Philology she went on to study at the University of Madrid, where she obtained a bachelor degree.
In 1962 she moved to Pamplona to join the Philosophy and Letters faculty at the University of Navarra where Dean Antonio Fontán appointed her as Assistant Professor.
In the same year she published her book that deals with the collective biographies of the people of Southern Iberia at the time of the Roman empire.
In December 1969 she became the Associate Professor of Latin Linguistics, and in January 1970 she was appointed chair of Latin Philology at the University of Madrid, as an Associate Professor.
She held the position of Vice Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters (October 1973 - April 1982) and director of the Department of Classical Philology (October 1973 - May 2002).
Professor Castillo participated in three summer courses organized by the Menendez Pelayo International University in Santander, directed by Manuel Fernández-Galiano; a summer course at El Escorial, organized by the Complutense University of Madrid, directed by Antonio Fontán.
And finally, she attended a summer course, in Cartagena, organized by the University of Murcia, under the direction of Francisca Moya.
On the one hand, Latin literature, with special attention to Classical Prose, (Cicero and Livio); the Comedy (Plautus); the translation and editing of texts.
In recent years her research has been oriented to the study of the fourth century, in both literary and historical fields.
Shavit has been noted for her successful efforts to get gourmet restaurants in Israel to include vegan dishes in their menus or to become fully vegan.
Shavit has worked with the Jewish vegetarian organization Jewish Veg to create a vegan Birthright Israel trip and to teach Jewish students about veganism on United States college campuses.
From 2014 to 2018, Shavit served as chef at the Knesset on Israel's Animal Rights Day and prepared an all-vegan menu.
In this 3d real-time virtual world, the actor moves through audiovisual objects, which through their properties and constellation form together a composition.
Since 2015 he has toured as part of a trio with Thom Yorke and Nigel Godrich in a series of concerts featuring Yorke's Tomorrow’s Modern Boxes project.
After returning to the Netherlands he initially studied architecture, switched to psychology, and eventually graduated in Audio Design at the Utrecht School of the Arts, after John Peel played one of his songs on the radio.
The software is used to build immersive universes of digital graphics, in which the path through 3d space determines the melodies and rhythms.
In 2011, in collaboration with artist Monolake, the software, originally intended to create 3D music, was first used as a purely visual tool to accompany the music.
Following Barri's video for Judge, Jury and Executioner by Atoms for Peace, Yorke asked Barri to add visuals to their tour (together with Nigel Godrich).
In November 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman.
He captained the Hong Kong Under 19 Team at the Asian Cricket Council's Eastern Region tournament in July 2019 and was given the award for Best Batsman of the tournament.
The film stars Philippe-Audrey Larrue-St-Jacques as Yves, a hockey player who failed at the National Hockey League level and has been reduced to playing amateur hockey in La Malbaie, Quebec.
After being sidelined by an injury that has prevented him from playing in the national championship tournament in Thunder Bay, Ontario, he enlists his younger cousin Jean-Philippe (Justin Leyrolles-Bouchard), who also loves hockey but aspires to be a sports agent rather than a player, to drive him on a road trip to the tournament in an attempt to reclaim his rightful glory on the ice.
According to Biron, the film was made with the intention of exploring the life trajectory of the many hockey players who don't make it to the big leagues rather than the relatively few who do.
They followed the tradition of the 19th century but combined it with the modern styles of the era, mainly surrealism and constructivism.
Inés María de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y Borbón-Parma, Duchess of Syracuse (born 18 February 1940) is a Spanish princess, the youngest child of Infante Alfonso, heir to the throne of the Two Sicilies, and Infanta Alicia.
In 1978, she became the first member of the Spanish royal family to go through legal divorce, after gaining permission from her cousin King Juan Carlos I and the then Pope, John Paul II.
Princess Inés was, at the time of her birth, 9th in line of succession to the Spanish throne and as of January 2011, she is also number 2,278 in line of succession to the British throne.
The last of three children and the second daughter of Infante Alfonso de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y de Borbón (1901–1964) and Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma (1917–2017), she was born during her parents' exile from republican Spain in Lausanne, Switzerland.
As the elder son of Prince Carlo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by Mercedes, Princess of Asturias (1880-1904), the eldest child of Alfonso XII of Spain, Alfonso had been heir presumptive to the Spanish throne between the death in childbirth of his mother and the birth in May 1907 of a son to his mother's brother, King Alfonso XIII.
If Mateu Morral’s attempt to assassinate King Alfonso XIII of Spain had succeeded, Infante Alfonso (Princess Inés's father) would have become at that moment the King of Spain.
Princess Inés was forbidden marriage with Luis de Morales y Aguado, a Granedian who was not a royal prince by birth.
After the death of her father in 1964, and with persistence, she eventually married, in a ceremony that took place in San Jeronimo del Real, the 30th January 1965.
Both her cousin Prince Juan Carlos and his wife Princess Sofía attended, as well as the most distinguished Gotha of Francoist Spain.
Under the traditional succession laws of the Kingdom of Navarre, Ines's mother Infanta Alicia, born a Princess of Bourbon-Parma, was the claimant to that throne, which was formally united with the Kingdom of France in the seventeenth century.
She was also the closest known genealogical representative of King Edward the Confessor, and the direct genealogical representative of King David I of Scotland.
It was also shown at San Diego Black Film Festival, Pan African Film Festival, Fespaco and Seattle International Film Festival 2013.
Nicholas Everard Morant (29 June 1910 – 13 March 1999) was a Canadian photographer famed for producing iconic images of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Morant was the special photographer of the Canadian Pacific from 1929 until 1935, and then again from 1944 until his retirement in 1981.
One of Morant's favourite shooting locations is located in the Canadian Rockies East of Lake Louise, Alberta where the CPR mainline parallels the Bow River.
His images were not only used in promotional material for the railway but also were used subsequently in Canadian currency and postage stamps.
This included the Canadian $10 bill of the 1954 series, featuring of a scene of Emerald Lake and Mount Burgess in Yoho National Park photographed by Morant and engraved by Harry P. Dawson.
The $100 Canadian bill of the 1954 series featured an image of Okanagan Lake captured by Morant in 1947 and engraved by William Ford.
The final image of Morant's to appear on Canadian currency was an engraving based on a photograph of Moraine Lake in the Valley of the Ten Peaks, which was featured on the $20 bill from the 1969 Scenes of Canada banknote series.
As he worked for the majority of his career as a commercial photographer, relatively few of his images appear to be presently in the public domain.
However, the Canadian Pacific Railway archives maintains over 12,000 images captured by Morant over the course of his career, and the Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies maintains the Nicholas Morant Fonds, which contains over 50,000 photographs by or of Morant, as well as numerous negatives, scrapbooks, and sound recordings.
In 1990, Morant was invested as a Member of the Order of Canada in honour of his valuable contributions to Canadian heritage and culture.
Ek Love Ya is a 2020 Indian Kannada language romantic action film written and directed by Prem and produced by Rakshita under the home banner Rakshita Film Factory.
Music director Arjun Janya was hired to compose the music while cinematography and editing by Mahendra Simha and Srinivas P Babu.
He meets a young blind woman named Shelly, played by Fiona Evans, and the two develop a romance while struggling to resolve their emotional issues.
The Ohio State University abuse scandal centered on allegations of sexual abuse that occurred between 1978 and 1998, while Dr. Richard Strauss was employed by The Ohio State University (OSU) in the Athletics Department and in the Student Health Center.
An independent investigation into the allegations was announced in April 2018, conducted by the law firm Perkins Coie; the report, released in May 2019, concluded that Dr. Strauss abused at least 177 male student-patients and that OSU was aware of the abuse as early as 1979, but the abuse was not widely known outside of Athletics or Student Health until 1996, when he was suspended from his duties.
Dr. Richard Strauss received his medical degree from the University of Chicago in 1964 and interned at the associated hospital system until June 1965.
Afterwards, he served as a Lieutenant in the Medical Corps of the United States Navy from 1966 through 1968 and received an honorable discharge.
He then took a two-year post-doctoral fellowship at the School of Medicine at the University of Washington until 1970, then worked as an assistant professor of physiology at both the University of Pennsylvania (1970–72) and the University of Hawaii (1972–74).
After Hawaii, Strauss worked as a medical resident at Rutgers University (1974–75) and as a research fellow at Harvard Medical School (1975–78).
Strauss was hired as an Assistant Professor in the OSU College of Medicine in September 1978; shortly afterward, he began volunteering as a team physician at Larkins Hall, OSU's physical education building.
In Athletics, Strauss served as a team physician for multiple teams, including men's swimming/diving, wrestling, gymnastics, fencing, and lacrosse; he additionally treated students on the hockey, cheerleading, volleyball, soccer, track, golf, baseball, tennis, water polo, and football teams.
Strauss was not formally appointed to a position at Student Health until 1994, but was known to have started performing treatments there as early as 1978.
By 1979, Athletics Department officials knew that Strauss conducted unusually prolonged genital examinations on male athletes, and that athletics staff were not permitted to be present during these examinations.
In addition, Strauss was known to shower alongside male students at Larkins Hall, a behavior which was unique among team physicians to Strauss.
Between 1979 and 1996, multiple students complained about Strauss's excessive and unnecessary genital examinations, but no action was taken by OSU until January 1996, when he was placed on administrative leave in response to patient complaints.
Larkins Hall, which served OSU as its Physical Education facility and Natatorium, was perceived as a sexualized environment, and multiple witnesses reported that voyeurism and public sex acts occurred there from the early 1980s to the late 1990s.
Strauss was counted among the voyeurs; former OSU students stated that Strauss would shower among athletes multiple times per day or stare into the shower while seated on a stool.
The building was completed in 1932, named for retired OSU Athletic Director Dick Larkins in 1976, expanded in 1977, and demolished in 2005.
After a closed-door hearing on June 5, 1996, Strauss was terminated from his position with the Athletics Department at the end of July 1996, and terminated from Student Health on August 5, 1996.
He also continued as a tenured faculty member in the School of Public Health until his voluntary retirement on March 1, 1998, upon which he gained emeritus status.
In 2019, OSU published its annual campus safety report, which reflected that Strauss committed 1,430 instances of fondling and 47 rapes during his tenure.
DiSabato, who wrestled at Ohio State from 1987 to 1991, added that his first examination with Strauss occurred at the age of 14, when Strauss was conducting research on the body fat of high school wrestlers; the body fat testing included an unnecessary genital exam.
In response, the Ohio State University announced that an investigation had been launched into the long-term sexual abuse in April 2018, asking former students and coaches to come forward with any information that might help the investigation.
After the Ohio Attorney General's office appointed Porter Wright Morris & Arthur as the university's legal counsel, Porter Wright commissioned Perkins Coie to lead the independent investigation.
OSU President Michael Drake sent an email in May 2018 to more than 100,000 alumni asking them to contact Perkins Coie with any allegations of abuse.
Based on the evidence uncovered, in June 2018 Perkins Coie expanded the scope of the investigation to include Strauss's examinations of high school students.
The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) of the United States Department of Education announced it had opened a separate investigation into the university's response in August 2018.
The Ohio State Medical Board confirmed that it had received complaints about Strauss and had turned over confidential records to OSU lawyers in December 2018.
In May 2019, after the redacted report was released, the State Medical Board voted to release the records of its 1996 investigation if the alleged victims agreed to waive their confidentiality.
The group's charter was to review the actions that were taken by the State Medical Board in response to the complaints about Dr. Strauss.
The investigators conducted interviews with 177 students who provided evidence that Strauss had committed sexual abuse; although not all of the students felt his behavior was abusive, consultation with independent medical doctors confirmed they were not appropriate patient-doctor interactions.
Three federal lawsuits had been filed by July 2018; the third lawsuit named several OSU administrators including ex-Athletic Director Andy Geiger as having knowledge of Strauss's abuse.
In total, more than 20 school officials and staff were named as knowing complaints about Strauss's abuse but failing to stop him.
In July 2018, former members of the OSU men's wrestling team reported that then-coaches Russ Hellickson (head coach) and Jim Jordan (assistant coach, 1987–95) were aware of the abuse by Strauss.
Kentucky Route 1417 (KY 1417), also known as Martin Hill Road, is a state highway in the U.S. State of Kentucky.
Its southern terminus is at KY 44 east of Cupio and its northern terminus is at KY 1526 northeast of Cupio.
The Biennale of Design (BIO) is internationally notable design exhibition, held continuously since 1964 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, as the first design biennial in Europe.
In 2014, under the guidance of Belgian critic and curator Jan Boelen, it ceased to award actual design products, and instead begun to award the Best Collaboration Award selected by an international jury and presented at the opening ceremony.
Kentucky Route 2672 (KY 2672), also known as Knob Creek Road, is a state highway in Bullitt in the U.S. State of Kentucky.
Its southern terminus is at KY 1526 northeast of Cupio and its northern terminus is a continuation as Knob Creek Road at the Jefferson County line northeast of Cupio.
The following is a list of Black Sea incidents involving Russia and Ukraine since the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, part of the Ukrainian crisis.
On June 3, Ukrainian frigate Hetman Sahaydachniy detected Black Sea Fleet Ladny frigate which tried to conduct reconnaissance near territorial waters of Ukraine.
Ukrainian Navy alert resources along with Pryluky cutter and Henichensk harbor minesweeper , Mi-14 helicopter, Mykolaiv cutter of Maritime Border Guard put to sea.
On January 27, 2017, the Ukrainian diving support vessel Pochaiv was hit by sniper fire from the Tavrida drilling platform, originally operated by Chernomorneftegaz, being seized by Russian forces in 2014.
On February 1, 2017, a Ukrainian Navy An-26 transport aircraft came under small arms fire from Russian military personnel, stationed on a drill rig, while flying over the Odesa gas field in the Black Sea.
This gas field is located within Ukraine's exclusive economic zone, not off the Crimean peninsula, which is also part of Ukraine's EEZ.
While the rig in question has not been named, it was amongst those stolen by Russian forces in the aftermath of the annexation of Crimea.
On 21 September 2018, the Russian Su-27 fighter, from the temporarily occupied territory of the Crimea, created the preconditions for an emergency in the air, approaching to a dangerous distance an An-26 military transport aircraft of the Ukrainian Naval Forces, which was executing a scheduled task above the Black Sea.
On 25 September 2018 during the Volia-2018 Ukrainian strategic command and staff exercises, Russian Su-27 fighter jet's dangerous flyby over Ukrainian warships.
On 25 November 2018 three Ukrainian navy vessels which attempted to redeploy from the Black Sea port Odessa to the Sea of Azov port Berdyansk were damaged and captured by the Russian FSB security service during the Kerch Strait incident.
In the summer of 2019, Russia blocked many areas without having first filed any such requests, thus interrupting navigation and nearly blocking international shipping to and from Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine.
On 10 July 2019, despite a coastal notification for seafarers regarding the closure of the area for conducting the international exercise Sea Breeze 2019, the Smetlivy, a ship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, entered at about 08:00 on July 10, 2019 an area closed to navigation, where practical naval artillery shooting was conducted by a naval group of an international coalition, and provoked a dangerous situation.
In the August 2019, Ukrainian Navy small reconnaissance ship Pereyaslav during their trip to Georgia to participate in exercise Agile Spirit 2019 and while in neutral waters, crew received a warning over the radio from a Russian navy ship.
International coordinators did not confirm that fact, so the captain of the Pereyaslav decided to maintain the vessel along its original course.
This provocation was filmed by a Ukrainian team of military journalists as part of the Ukrainian delegation participating in Agile Spirit 2019.
On 14 November 2019, during the Third International Conference for Maritime Security, in Odesa, Ukrainian Navy commander Admiral Ihor Voronchenko said that a Russian Tu-22M3 had been observed simulating the launch of a missile strike on this coastal city, Voronchenko added that Russian bombers had made several similar attempts during exercises on July 10, conducting a virtual airstrike 60 kilometers from Odesa.
He was born and raised in Amman, and studied philosophy and critical theory at the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, Kingston University.
Joshelyn Estefanía Sánchez Maldonado (born 16 July 1992) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays as a forward for Super Liga Femenina club CD El Nacional.
Donnelly obtained a PhD in education at La Trobe University and in 2014 co-authored a review of the Australian national curriculum.
The 2010 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 21–25 September 2010 at the Manchester Velodrome.
After graduating from a gymnasium in Wiesbaden and studying electrical engineering at the Technische Universität Darmstadt, Pagé worked from 1966 to 1970 as a hardware developer for process computers at AEG in Seligenstadt, where he as project manager was responsible for the development and introduction of process computer systems, including the AEG 60-10 system.
From 1977 Pagé as a member of the Vorstand, executive board, was responsible for marketing and sales as well as product development, where he largely built up the current product portfolio and adapted it to new market requirements in several cycles over many years.
In 1994, Pagé joined Siemens Nixdorf AG as a board member and chief technology officer responsible for systems strategy and application software.
The water polo competitions at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games took place at the New Clark City Aquatics Center, New Clark City, Capas, Tarlac, Philippines.
President Donald Trump nominated Hertzfeld on May 6, 2019, to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
They play their home games at Knapp Center on campus in Des Moines, Iowa, as members of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC).
After falling in the MVC Tournament semifinals, they received a bid to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they lost in the first round to Southern Utah.
Yacine lives and works in Paris, but was born in the village of Metchik, near Boudjellil, part of the traditional territory of the tribe of the At Sidi Braham (Kabylia, region of the Bibans).
Yacine is Director of Study at l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) and is also a member of the department of social anthropology at the Collège de France.
She is an expert on the life of Berber peoples and has published and spoken widely on the subject, especially how Arabic culture and language has eroded Amazigh identities over the course of the twentieth century.
She uses spectacular entertainment forms, including fairground devices and stage illusion, and draws on themes of contemporary ritual, to investigate social issues from an ecofeminist perspective.
Carnesky has won many awards, including the Laurence Olivier for Best Entertainment in 2004, Edinburgh Festival Herald Angel in 2005 and Time Out Best Theatre in 2004.
Carnesky studied ballet at London's West Street Ballet School (1987-8) followed by two years of a degree in Dance and Choreography at the Laban Dance Centre (1988–90).
This led her, in 1990-3, to the University of Brighton, where she completed a Visual and Performing Arts degree taught by the choreographer Liz Aggiss.
Aggiss recruited Carnesky into her company, Divas, which led to her first professional role, performing in 'Die Orchidee im Plastik Karton' in 1992.
This was a surreal version of the Bluebeard story, featuring sailors, tattooed women, snakes, peacocks, and a woman transformed into a ship's mast, weeping 'tears of blood into the ocean'.
Carnesky also spent time in New York, where she posed for the performance artist Annie Sprinkle for her Pleasure Activist Playing Cards, and worked with the spoken word performer Jennifer Blowdryer in her Smut Fest, a live showcase of subversive sexual performance artists.
While planning the piece, she described it as 'a mixture of a play...with a real event, real blood, my whole body on the line in the show.
Using filmed testimony and magic illusions, the piece retold Jewish and eastern European folktales and stories of migration, exploring similarities between migrant journeys from East to West.
The creative team comprised illusionist Paul Kieve, creative producer Jeremy Goldstein, video artist Jonathan Allen, set designer Laura Hopkins, musician Rohan Kriwaczek and the performers Paloma Faith, Geneva Foster Gluck, Violetta Misic, Agnes Czerna and Tai Shani.
The train toured the UK for five years, and had residencies at the Trumans Brewery in Brick Lane, Coventry City Centre, Glastonbury Festival and Zomer Van Antwerpen in Belgium.
It then became a permanent attraction in Blackpool's Golden Mile, in collaboration with the Blackpool Illuminations, where it won the 2011 British Tourism Award.
With dramaturgy from Lois Weaver and Flick Ferdinando, the show included stage magic from Paul Kieve, and costumes and props by Sarah Munro and Mark Copeland of the Insect Circus.
Carnesky appeared as Athena the goddess of strategic war, reimagined as a stage magician performing illusions, accompanied by a male stage assistant, played by various actors.
One hapless audience member is cast as a terrorist and the audience asked to determine her fate based on a series of questions.
In 2008-11, Carnesky was artist in residence at the Roundhouse in London, where she established Carnesky's Finishing School, teaching performance skills to young people aged 17–21 over four semesters.
The students were then taken through the process of devising, creating and performing their own work on stage in front of a paying audience.
She played the role of a morbid ‘Madame Tussauds’-esque showwoman guiding audiences through her 'bizarre exhibition of curious nameless bodies that merge flesh with beautifully constructed wounds and organs made of wax, silk and embroidered felt.
The creative team comprised Anthony Bennett (wax work sculptor), Rasp Thorne (music), Helen Plewis (performer and choreographer), Marty Langthorne (lighting designer) and Jon Marshall (magic illusions).
The creative producers were Lara Clifton and Dicky Eaton, the costumes were by Claire Ashley, and a large fairground facade was painted by Martha Copeland.
Audience members, given their own card reading using the Tarot of Marseilles, were invited on an interactive journey in which Carnesky played ringmaster to a dozen Tarot card figures.
Carnesky also put on a stage show, in which she appeared as a lecturer presenting a condensed version of her research.
The show was staged as a work in progress in 2015 at University College London, as part of the Radical Anthropology Group.
Here Carnesky and Dr Camilla Power launched an activist group, the Menstronauts, which any woman could join to create menstrual rituals.
Power and Carnesky wrote, 'We believe that disregard for the cycles of the human body echoes a disregard for the cycles of the planet and for each other.
This was followed by a 2018 residency at the Attenborough Centre for Creative Arts at Sussex University, which commissioned a further development of the piece.
It was first described to science by Theodore Lyman in 1860.. Lyman states in his description that the animal is named for his friend, Alexander E. R. Agassiz, the son of Lyman's mentor, Louis Agassiz.
The colors change on a daily cycle, which, like the banding, may be a form of camouflage to hide the brittle star from predatory fish.
The film was shot in a little over a month and had dog trainers to train the dogs to show emotions.
The whole unit had to work around this, but they were very cooperative.The film will release in six languages: Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu.
The 47th ceremony of the Annie Awards, honoring excellence in the field of animation for the year of 2019, took place on January 25, 2020, at the University of California, Los Angeles's Royce Hall in Los Angeles, California, in 37 categories.
It is endemic to southern Turkey where it has a moderately large range and is considered near-threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
It can also be distinguished from them by having a pale neck and belly blotched with red, orange, or sometimes yellow.
It has been recorded in Lake Beyşehir, Lake Eğirdir, Lake Suğla, Çarşamba Creek (Konya), Lake Gölcük (Isparta), Lake Hotamiş, Ivriz (Ereğli/Konya), Işikli Lake in Çivril (Denizli), and Çardak (Denizli).
This is an aqueous species of frog which spends the main part of its life in fresh water locations with plentiful vegetation.
The tadpoles are herbivorous and feed on algae while the diet of the adult frog consists largely of insects and other aqueous invertebrates and their larvae; this is sometimes supplemented by the consumption of tadpoles.
This frog is the largest edible frog native to Turkey and is collected for food, being exported commercially to France, Italy and Switzerland.
It is also threatened by water extraction and loss of habitat, with several dams being planned to provide drinking water and crop irrigation.
The galls of the asexual generation are up to 5 mm across, hard and woody and have one to five smooth rounded lobes.
This is the gall of the sexual generation which is pale green at first, thin-walled and as they mature, they become tinged with pink and later turn orange-brown.
During her third commission from 1871–1873 she was the flagship of Commodore John Edmund Commerell who was wounded at the start of the Third Anglo-Ashanti War.
When operating under sailpower, her funnel could be retracted to clear the rigging and her propeller lifted into a special housing aft to streamline her hullform.
Snelling & Hoyt and Snelling & Nebraska are a pair of bus rapid transit stations on the A Line in Falcon Heights and Saint Paul, Minnesota.
The narrator cannot sleep because a long-fingernailed, messy-haired figure (presumably a man) is tormenting him outside of his window, promising to take him on a magic carpet ride to a magical breadstick land if he opens the window.
The story is about a boy named Jolyon, who is reading a book in his bedroom when he hears loud tapping from outside, which becomes faster and faster.
He pulls his duvet over his head and watches the silhouette of a giant hand tap the window and smash the glass.
Grandma explains that the tapping came from the branches of the apple tree moving in the wind and the storm had caused the branch to break the window.
At the end of every school day, children of all ages would race out of school to meet with friends and grab their dinner at the Burgerskip in Crawley High Street, as the chain's mascot — a clown — would watch over them.
The clown was based on Burgerskip's CEO, Seamus O'Burger, who is planning to expand his fast-food empire even further as his helicopter team escorts him to the Amazon rainforest.
O'Burger decides to have parts of it bulldozed so that there would be more space for farmland, after his pilot suggests it to him.
O'Burger's Amazon guide realises the extent of his tourist's plans and begs him at break time not to cut any further.
Everyone and everything in the rest of the rainforest watches in mournful silence as the tree tips over dead and Seamus stands triumphant.
Seamus spends a lot of time with his helicopter team to travel around the world for more farmland space, whether forests had to be bulldozed or not.
The news of the burger reaches Burgerskip headquarters and to Seamus, who redirects the plane to make an emergency meeting with the board of directors.
Terrified of disappointing their boss, the directors are hesitant to speak up but one stammers that other complaints about trees in burgers have reached their headquarters.
The tour guide explains that this is a part of Panachek's revenge for destroying the Amazon and that he is not finished with Seamus yet.
An Australian farmer found a part of Seamus' clown costume but it could not be proven that it had belonged to him.
One day, a boy in Terry Blotch's class arrives at school with a giant marble that he got for his birthday from a Scottish grandmother, which everyone on the playground gathers around to admire.
This envy triggers a need for Terry to steal and he begins to shoplift from many stores, stealing a variety of items, and stealing from the streets, notably a dog.
His mother telephones for an emergency home doctor, who recommends that he avoids eating junk food and to have a bath, assuming that it is acne (although he admits that he has no idea whether his hypothesis was accurate).
Terry's mother suggests that it is chickenpox when she notices that the boils had spread all over her son's body but Terry knew no one who may have had chickenpox in his class.
He sneaked into the changing room and put the sports bag on the hook he stole it from and runs away.
Terry never stole again — the slightest itch would remind him of his humiliation, whenever he had a potential shoplifting opportunity — however, he started to get a lot of acne that was hard to get rid of.
It is bought by Matt and Jodie, two deaf newlyweds from New Zealand who give birth to a daughter they named Rosie, who is not deaf and is fascinated by the mysterious locked door that her parents do not want to open.
That had been three years ago, but Rosie had suffered from nightmares since, and would wake up to the locked door's midnight sounds frequently.
Rosie takes him to meet her parents and lets him eat sponge cake; Matt and Jodie are expectantly shocked and surprised that they could hear his voice.
The old man explains that he had been locked in the room for years and had spent nights chopping firewood, occasionally cutting his hand.
Nigel has a passion for torturing spiders, and a habit of clicking his tongue when he talked and daydreaming with his mouth open.
Hours later, Nigel wakes up with a tight chest as if he had a severe cold; through the night, the spider ghosts had spun webs around his ribcage.
Mr and Mrs Halley live in Wellsdeep cottage in Devon, which has an 1100-year-old well at the bottom of the garden, with a bottom.
Mrs Halley wants her husband to cover the well before their two grandsons (Louis and Ben) arrive, who put their hands anywhere.
In the morning, Mr Halley promises to do block it but by the afternoon, the boys arrive and the well is not covered.
At sunrise, Mr Halley races to the well with measuring tape and a pencil but the tape falls down the well before he could read the measurement of the diameter.
He has a tantrum, throws his hat after the tape, and tells his wife that he will fix the well tomorrow with better equipment.
At lunchtime, Louis and Ben run to the well to play Pirates; Louis sits in the well's bucket to imitate the crow's nest and Ben holds the rope.
Mrs Halley runs to the well to stop them as Ben lets go, and grabs the rope before the bucket dropped too far.
Mr Halley (who had been asleep inside throughout the incident) is woken up by his wife angrily pouring water over him and splutters that he will fix the well tomorrow.
He rushes out to the garden with a torch and searches the inside, seeing neither of his grandsons at the bottom.
A little boy climbs out of the water and joins him, introducing himself as The Ghost of Jobs Left Undone, pointing out that the well should have been blocked already.
Mr Halley adamantly claims that he was going to do it and the ghost replies that his grandfather had said the same but never kept his promise, which caused his death.
Mrs Crumpdump is against it because a living one would destroy the house and a dead one would stink but Mr Crumpdump remains quiet, hiding his smirk.
The children are disturbed as Mr Crumpdump proudly explains that he had someone trophy hunt for him but they move the foot towards the door by the leopard skin rug to use as an umbrella stand.
One rainy day, before a trip to the shoe shop, Belinda says aloud that she wished that the rain would stop as she takes her umbrella from the elephant's foot.
The children start to love their magical umbrella stand, making their schoolfriends jealous, and wish for several things every day until the mansion is almost full.
They also used it to be lazy: Percy wished that he could go to bed without having a bath and the prepared water dried up, whereas Belinda wished for an excuse to not go to school, making it burn down.
However, because Belinda and Percy were spoilt children who already had many toys and games, they were never satisfied with the things they wished for.
After running out of ideas, Belinda suggests that they should wish for the elephant they wanted and does so despite Percy's hesitance.
Percy orders his sister to wish it away but Belinda is too scared; the elephant rolls down the stairs and crushes them.
Mr and Mrs Crumpdump return home to find a broken staircase, a dirty carpet and the umbrella stand missing (the story writes that it had been stolen).
It began at lunchtimes during school when the horrible school dinners would be served: unspecified pork fat, cauliflower, prunes, stewed peas, lumpy and cold rice pudding, and Pork rind, to name a few.
The school dinner lady would patrol the aisles and openly scold any students that were avoiding certain parts of their plate.
Once, she yelled at the narrator to eat his cold and maggot-infested kedgeree so hard that her spittle sprayed it but he still had to eat every mouthful.
One student she never had to ask twice was Elgin (nicknamed Blue Bottle by the rest of the school), who worshipped her and the dinners.
When he had cleaned his plate, he would crawl under the tables to eat off the floor and then would go to the bin full of leftovers and eat its contents as well, as the rest of the school was forced to listen and tried not to retch.
The narrator never got sympathy from his parents, who would lecture that he was ungrateful and selfish because there were children his age in the world that never got a chance to choose, let alone eat.
The dinner lady stalked the narrator to check that he had swallowed everything and even followed him into the boys' toilets.
Eventually, the narrator's parents agreed to send in a medical note to excuse him from eating school dinners but the dinner lady made him eat it for lunch.
He would have nightmares about talking food begging to be eaten and frequently had flashbacks whenever he smelt food that the dinner lady had forced him to eat or Elgin had eaten out of the bin or off the floor.
His first panic attack was when he was 22: in a lift, he smelt spotted dick, which made him belch and his stomach churn loudly; he felt spotted dick appear in his mouth and gagged as he forced himself to swallow it.
If he ever smelt baked beans being cooked, he crawled under the nearest table and screamed; tomato ketchup and carrots were two of his many trauma triggers.
The worst panic attack was the day the narrator took his girlfriend out to a sophisticated French restaurant for a candlelit dinner.
Although the menu was full of French meals which would not remind the narrator of anything at school, he decided to order the unspecified £125-for-two special with the champagne, which was brought to the table by the head waiter.
The lid was removed to reveal fishcakes, making the narrator scream and cover himself with the tablecloth, spraying champagne over his girlfriend, who then ran out crying in embarrassment.
In the narrator's mind, the head waiter had turned into the school dinner lady, who began to demand that he ate the cakes, so he picked up a bread roll and threw it at him, but the head waiter/dinner lady was trying to force him to eat it by waving a spoon with a piece on it towards his mouth.
He kicked and screamed and later snapped out of the panic attack, finding himself outside of the restaurant with fish cake around his mouth.
He had spent the rest of his life isolating himself from friends and family, and tried not to look at any advertising for food that used to torture him.
Unfortunately, he is about to be moved into a retirement home within the next few days which has a scarily-familiar-looking dinner lady that promises to monitor his eating habits.
Then he unscrews his tail and jumps down to the floor, sings a lullaby out of a navel, screwed his teeth in, kisses his son with one of eight lips and put a sausage in his ear to turn off the bedroom light.
The complicated back of the toilet allows Helen to hide her comic books from her family's clutches so that her weak bladder excuses are more convincing.
He explains as he prepares the family's dinner that six months ago, a skeleton from the Stone Age had been discovered under the drainage of their house and is said to have come to life at times to look for the people that had drowned him in a bog.
On the toilet, Helen hears clattering noises, assuming she had called her mother's bluff but the clattering becomes louder and she hears footsteps inside the toilet.
It would take three weeks for the house to be cleaned and fixed, and the epilogue notes that Helen would do the most work.
Meanwhile, Marg's disintegrated remains are gathered in a bin bag with peat and dumped in the local landfill, but it is likely that Marg might return someday.
A boy is there and introduces himself as Arthur, who had run away from his home as well, many years ago.
Augustus is lying on his back trying to hide his smirk as Arthur acts concerned, but then the two boys begin to laugh, and the ambulance team leave furious with the same message that the police officer had said, but Arthur had already grabbed the telephone to call the fire department, who arrived minutes later.
Arthur suggests doing another prank call but Augustus is not in the mood and telephones his parents to take him home.
The parents arrive much later to see a burnt Dun' Inn surrounded by the local fire brigade, ambulances and the police.
The chief of police explains that there is a possibility that the house burnt down approximately overnight, due to the open fireplace inside.
He punched the customer, who fell to their death, and ran away until he was far enough to not be recognised.
It is the voice of a tiny ghost behind his ear, which whispers that it will not disappear until the man confesses.
When the police appear at the front door to ask questions about the bar death, the ghost gives snide commentary as the officer shows off the victim's photograph.
The man struggles to sleep as the parrot-sized ghost never moves from his shoulder and continues to remind him about his lies.
Despite the officer pointing out the DNA all over it, the man denies being at the bar and/or being involved with any altercations.
It purposely circles the man's feet when he walks to trip him up and the man loses any chance at friendships because he is stubborn and rude (ironically towards the alligator they cannot see) to them.
The officers have actually come to arrest him because the autopsy and forensic evidence finds him the culprit but the man still denies that he was involved with the bar patron's death.
The alligator rolls itself into the corner of the room and begins to shapeshift again, growing a pinkish texture, and turns into a man, and says that he killed the bar patron.
He walks into his kitchen to take out beer to celebrate but his hand slides through the handle of the fridge.
She hated history lessons and had no motivation to prepare for any tests so she stands worried next to the rest of the students, who are firing miscellaneous questions at each other about a variety of history topics.
When the exam begins, Elisa is the only person who is not writing and begins to fidget with her pen until she has ink all over her tongue.
The ghost girl is named Penny and explains that she went to the school 100 years ago but died when the school caught fire during her History exam.
Elisa realises that she had no need to worry about her exam now that someone who had haunted the school for a century was talking to her.
Penny agrees to do the exam, picks up the pen and starts answering the questions as Elisa leans back in her chair.
On Results Day, the history class stands by a bulletin board poster full of everyone's grades, ordered from best to worst by percentage.
Rachel, best friend and the student Elisa envied the most, is expectantly at the top of the list with 98% whereas Elisa is shocked to discover that she is at the bottom with 0%.
The last paragraph of the story points out that it had not occurred to Elisa that Penny the ghost girl had paid attention to the world around her during her haunting, or whether she had been a studiously-diligent student when she was alive.
His parents loathe the lack of variety but Jack can detect whenever his mother attempts to sneak different but similar-looking meat into her shopping basket.
Determined to end his son's turkey obsession for good, on Christmas Eve, Jack's father climbs the roof of a neighbour's house and waits for Father Christmas.
Eventually, Father Christmas arrives on his sleigh, crashing into the roof at the shock of seeing a man sitting on it.
It points out how turkey is wasted throughout holiday seasons and then neglected when it does not live up to expectations, adding that it caused his leg to disappear.
It takes Jack to a broiler room full of turkeys and explains how abusive and terrifying the poultry farming industry is for its species, especially during December.
In walks a turkey the size of a human dressed similarly to a hippie who takes Jack's hand and flies up to the outer atmosphere.
The mother walks in with a lid-covered plate and places it in the middle of the table as the excited family look on.
He spent the majority of his career at Millwall, making a total of 263 appearances and scoring 11 goals in all competitions.
Brolly won the Football League Third Division South championship with Millwall in 1938, and reached the FA Cup semi-final in the same season.
He was capped four times for Northern Ireland, playing in two games against Wales in 1937 and 1938 and against England and Wales in 1939.
The 2019–20 Louisville Cardinals women's basketball team represents the University of Louisville during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
In the tournament, they defeated Robert Morris and Michigan in the first and second rounds, Oregon State in the sweet sixteen before losing to Connecticut in the elite eight.
Musically, the album represents a return to the more electronic, beat-driven sound of the band's earliest albums, while also incorporating conceptual and organic elements that echo approaches heard on the band's later releases.
Produced, written and performed by No-Man and mixed by Bruno Ellingham, former Miles Davis keyboard player Adam Holzman, drummer Ash Soan, The Dave Desmond Brass Quintet, No-Man live bassist Pete Morgan and Slovakian Jazz guitarist David Kollar guest.
The album received very favourable reviews in publications as diverse as Classic Pop, Classic Rock, Record Collector, Louder Than War, Prog, Electronic Sound and MOJO in the UK, Eclipsed and Rolling Stone in Germany, Classic Rock and Prog in Italy, Metal Hammer and Teraz Rock in Poland, and more.
The company was founded in 2012 in Bridgeport, Connecticut by Joe Rubin and Ryan Emerson, who created it to restore and distribute lost and otherwise unavailable films, including vintage X-rated and pornographic films.
The company was founded to restore and distribute X-rated films from the 1960s to the 1980s, including pornographic films released during the Golden Age of Porn, on home media.
Since that debut release, Vinegar Syndrome's catalog has expanded to include cult and exploitation films in a variety of genres, including horror films and action films.
Funded by an Indiegogo campaign, the service was initially intended to offer sexploitation films and other X-rated works, but its catalog was expanded to include films from other genres prior to its launch.
The service was discontinued on July 31, 2018, in order to allow Vinegar Syndrome to focus on its core operation of restoring and distributing films for physical home media.
Barry T. Hannon was a Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and the Registrar of Deeds for Norfolk County, Massachusetts.
The Muscat rebellion was an uprising in 1913 led by Sālim bin Rāshid al-Kharūṣī against the authority of the Sultans of Muscat and Oman.
By July, the situation had gotten so dire that the British government sent a small garrison to Natrah to aid the sultan of Muscat, to no avail.
Also in August, the rebels launched an offensive towards the coastal side of al-Jabal al-Akhda, and Nakhl was besieged on the 4th.
They were opposed by 750 Indian Army troops, composed of the 102nd grenadiers, led by Col. S. M. Edwardes (now in overall command), stationed at Bayt al-Falaj; and the 95th Russell's Infantry, commanded by F. F. Major, and stationed at Ruwi village.
On 11 January, British forces launched a large-scale counterattack, and the 750 British troops succeeded at driving back around 3,000 rebels troops, causing 350 casualties with the rebel chief Isa bin Salih being wounded and his brother killed.
The general perception of the rebels at that time was that Germans had more or less emerged victorious in the war in Europe, that Wilhelm II had and his followers had converted to Islam, and that it was prudent to continue fighting the British and the sultan until they would be driven out of Arabia.
Thus, they rejected all attempts by Britain to broker a peace settlement, which the British government desired due to a need for British troops elsewhere.
However, the Sultan also recaptured some settlements in late July, such as the port of Daghmar and headquarters of Hayl al-Gha.
Jonathan Luiz Moreira Rosa Júnior (born 28 April 1999), simply known as Jonathan, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Avaí.
Born in Capão da Canoa, Rio Grande do Sul, Jonathan joined Internacional's youth setup in 2009, aged ten, after two years at Juventude.
After being the latter club's top goalscorer in the 2019 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior and the 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro de Aspirantes, he was promoted to the main squad by manager Alberto Valentim.
Jonathan made his first team – and Série A – debut on 2 September 2019, coming on as a second-half substitute for Brenner in a 1–0 away win against Fluminense.
The game begins with the player meeting with a patient, and being provided with either a x-ray of the spine or an ultrasound examination of the abdomen, both of which may need to be requested by the player for further insight rather than being given to begin with.
When meeting with a patient, the player may judge the patient's condition from a description of symptoms from the patient and the information they're given, and the player may choose to observe the patient (do nothing), prescribe painkillers, or operate.
Inaction, such as prescribing painkillers or doing nothing if a patient's condition is serious and time-sensitive, may result in the patient's death.
Patients may also die from failed surgery, or abrupt complications during surgery if the player fails to treat them in time.
Patients may also die post-surgery from infection if the player neglects to sterilize the area with antiseptic solution before and after surgery, or by not washing their hands.
Wholesale acquisition cost is the price of a medication set by a pharmaceutical manufacturer in the United States when selling to a wholesaler.
It is a Boeing 767-338ER passenger aircraft, which, at the time it was purchased by Israel, was about 20 years old, and is still in a process of improvement in Israel and not yet operational.
Walther and Helga Lauffs collected art from the late 1960s onwards, with the help of the curator and art historian Paul Wember, who was director of Krefeld's Kaiser Wilhelm Museum from 1947 and 1975.
Their collection included work by Joseph Beuys, Mel Bochner, Lee Bontecou, Christo, Joseph Cornell, Hanne Darboven, Jan Dibbets, Lucio Fontana, Eva Hesse, Donald Judd, On Kawara, Yves Klein, Joseph Kosuth, Sol LeWitt, Piero Manzoni, John McCracken, Mario Merz, Robert Morris, Bruce Nauman, Louise Nevelson, Claes Oldenburg, Giulio Paolini, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Fred Sandback, George Segal, Richard Serra, Richard Tuttle, Cy Twombly, Günther Uecker, Tom Wesselmann, and Douglas Wheeler.
Formed in October 1965, the group was originally a jug band featuring guitarist and vocalist Jeff Hanna, guitarists Bruce Kunkel, Ralph Barr and Dave Hanna, bassist and guitarist Les Thompson, and drummer Glen Grosclose.
The current lineup of the band features Jeff Hanna, Jimmie Fadden on drums, harmonica and vocals (since 1966), Bob Carpenter on keyboards and vocals (since 1979), Jim Photoglo on bass and guitar (since 2005), Jaime Hanna on guitar and vocals, and Ross Holmes on mandolin and fiddle (both since 2018).
The NGDB evolved from the Illegitimate Jug Band in late 1965, with the original lineup featuring Jeff Hanna, Bruce Kunkel, Ralph Barr, Les Thompson, Dave Hanna and Glen Grosclose.
By mid-1976, Ibbotson had also left and new members John Cable (guitar, bass, vocals) and Jackie Clark (bass, guitar, keyboards) had joined the group, whose name had been shortened to simply the Dirt Band.
Around a month after returning home following a string of shows in the Soviet Union, Clark left the Dirt Band and Cable was dismissed by Hanna.
Hanna, Fadden and McEuen then rebuilt the band with the addition of bassist Richard Hathaway, saxophonist Al Garth and drummer Merel Bregante.
The Dirt Band went through a succession of drummers during its tenure – by the summer of 1979, Bregante had been replaced by Mike Buono, former Jimmy Buffett drummer Michael Gardner took over from Buono in May 1980, and the following year saw Vic Mastrianni take over the position.
By 1982, Jimmy Ibbotson had returned and the Dirt Band had reverted to its original name of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.
As a five-piece, the group released four studio albums in four years, before McEuen left in January 1987 to focus on his family.
He was replaced in March by former Eagles guitarist Bernie Leadon, although he only remained until the following July, when he left to focus on his solo career.
The NGDB remained a four-piece for the following 13 years, before McEuen rejoined for a run of reunion shows starting in July 2001.
For tour dates the following year, the remaining four members were joined by Hanna's son Jaime on guitar and vocals, and Ross Holmes on fiddle, mandolin and vocals.
The Wales national football team is the third oldest international association football team having played its first fixture in March 1876.
The team played annual fixtures against Scotland, England and, later, Ireland and these fixtures were eventually organised into the British Home Championship, an annual competition between the Home Nations.
Wales did not win its first championship until the 1906–07 edition of the tournament and the triumph remained the nation's only title before the First World War.
Wales improved considerably in the post-war period, and claimed three titles during the 1920s although the team was often hindered by the reluctance of Football League clubs to release its players for international duty.
When able to call upon its strongest side, Wales enjoyed its most successful period in the British Home Championship, winning four titles in the six years before the Second World War.
When competitive football resumed after the war, Wales began facing opponents from further afield and played matches against numerous other European nations for the first time.
After failing to qualify for the 1950 and 1954 editions, Wales qualified for its first World Cup in 1958 after defeating Israel in a play-off match.
Dave Bowen managed the team for a decade between 1964 and 1974 but enjoyed little success, failing to qualify for a World Cup or the inaugural editions of the European Nations' Cup (later known as the European Championships).
He helped establish the Football Association of Wales (FAW) in February 1876 to finalise arrangements for the forthcoming match, being appointed its first secretary.
To qualify for selection, players were required to be Welsh or to have resided in the country for at least three years.
Kenrick was criticised by some in South Wales for failing to notify players in the region of the forthcoming match, favouring to publish notices in London-based journals.
The first Wales international football match was held on 2 March 1876 at Hamilton Crescent in Partick with the side wearing white shirts, featuring the Prince of Wales's feathers, and black shorts.
A second fixture between the two sides was arranged for the following year as the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham became the venue for Wales' first home international.
Wales returned to Scotland in 1878 but a fixture clash with the final of the Welsh Cup between Druids and Wrexham led many players to refuse to travel.
Such was the desperation to raise players, the secretary of the Scottish Football Association travelled to Wales and visited the homes of players in an attempt to raise a side.
A squad was eventually assembled but, having travelled overnight to Glasgow and containing many players who were not of sufficient standard, the side suffered a 9–0 defeat.
In 1879, Wales and England met for the first time in international football at a snow-covered The Oval in South London.
The poor weather conditions and the relatively unknown status of the Welsh side led to a low turnout of spectators, with newspaper reports putting the crowd in the low hundreds and some even stating less than 100.
The standard of the Welsh side was slowly improving and the side nearly held the visiting English side in March 1880.
Having trailed 3–0, the Welsh side scored twice in the final ten minutes through William Roberts and John Roberts but were unable to equalise.
Ireland were the final Home Nation to establish an international football team, playing its first fixture in February 1882 against England.
Having suffered a 13–0 defeat against the English, the Irish side travelled to the Racecourse Ground to meet Wales for the first time.
The more experienced Welsh side also proved too strong for the Irish, with John Price becoming the first Welshman to score a hat-trick in international football during a 7–1 victory.
With all of the Home Nations competing regularly, the decision was taken to introduce a competitive tournament between the sides and the Britain International Championship (later to become better known as the British Home Championship) was created in 1884.
Having defeated Ireland 6–0 in its opening match, Wales went on to finish third after suffering successive defeats to England and Scotland.
The early stages of the competition continued on the same lines; England and Scotland competed for the title, while Wales would finish third by defeating Ireland.
In the first three years of competition, Wales' only points other than in matches against Ireland was a 1–1 draw with England in the 1884–85 tournament.
In the 1886–87 edition, Wales finished bottom of the competition for the first time after losing all three of its matches, including a 4–1 defeat to Ireland in the nation's first victory in international football.
Wales had struggled to raise a team for the match and included Wrexham defender Bob Roberts, who converted to a goalkeeper for the match, and FAW secretary Alexander Hunter in his only international appearance.
The scoreline remains a record victory for the Welsh side that still stands, with Jack Doughty scoring four of the goals.
Such was the one-sided nature of the game that three Welsh players left the field before the match ended to ensure they were on time for their train home.
Wales avoided defeat in a fixture against Scotland for the first time after recording a goalless draw in the 1888–89 British Home Championship, simultaneously recording its first clean sheet against the Scots.
Oddly, the feat was achieved despite local amateur Alf Pugh starting in goal for Wales after the original selection James Trainer failed to arrive at the match.
Pugh played the first 30 minutes before Wrexham's Sam Gillam arrived and took his place, thus becoming the first substitution ever used in international football.
The following year, Wales played a home fixture outside the nation for the first time when a meeting with Ireland was held in Shrewsbury in an attempt to draw a large crowd.
By the early 1890s, with the domestic game thriving in England, Wales struggled to have its players released for international fixtures, particularly for away matches against Ireland which required a three day absence from a players club side due to ferry travel.
As a result, Wales finished bottom of the British Home Championship five times during the decade, including for three consecutive seasons between 1891 and 1893.
Although the side did record its highest placed finish to date in 1895 by finishing as runners-up to England after drawing all three of its fixtures, inspired by the likes of James Trainer, Billy Lewis and a debuting Billy Meredith.
Wales continued its good form at the start of the 1895–96 British Home Championship by thrashing Ireland 6–0 with both Meredith and Lewis scoring braces.
The team's optimism was shortlived however when they suffered a crushing 9–1 defeat to England in their following match, with Steve Bloomer scoring five of his side's goals.
Wales would finish the 20th century by losing 9 of its final 10 matches, only avoiding defeat in a 2–2 draw with Scotland in March 1897.
The difficulties in calling up players from English teams became so pronounced that the FAW put forward a motion that national teams be granted the right to overrule clubs on player selection, although this was rejected.
The 1899–1900 British Home Championship revived hope in the side as Wales finished as runners-up to Scotland, led largely by the goals of Meredith and Tom Parry.
Although results were still disappointing, the standard of the Welsh side was deemed to improving rapidly as margins of defeat became smaller and several defeats to the English and Scottish sides between 1902 and 1905 were deemed unlucky defeats based on the run of play.
The side also avoided defeat in an away fixture against the Scots in March 1904 after holding their opponents to a 1–1 draw.
The following year, Wales defeated Scotland for the first time in its history after 29 years when goals from Meredith, Grenville Morris and Walter Watkins secured a 3–1 victory, although Wales were unable to capitalise on the victory as they finished second to England in the 1905–06 British Home Championship after failing to win any of its other fixtures.
Having missed the previous two years while serving a ban for his part in the 1905 English football bribery scandal, Meredith returned to play for Wales in the 1906–07 British Home Championship.
In its first match, Wales defeated Ireland 3–2 in Belfast with Meredith scoring his side's second goal before Lot Jones scored the winning goal.
England went on to draw its final game of the tournament against Scotland, handing Wales its first British Home Championship success.
After losing their opening match against Scotland, the side suffered a 7–1 home defeat to England in a match where three goalkeepers were used.
A final defeat against Ireland resulted in Wales finishing bottom of the championship table one year after winning the tournament outright.
Several personnel changes were implemented soon after, Ted Robbins was appointed FAW secretary in 1909 and one of Wales' most prominent players of the era, goalkeeper Leigh Richmond Roose, was dropped.
In March 1910, Wales suffered a 1–0 defeat to Scotland when Roose allowed a speculative shot into the net having had his back turned towards play, talking to a spectator.
In November of the same year, Roose suffered a broken arm while playing for his club side but declared himself fit for the British Home Championship internationals in March 1911.
A poor performance in a 2–2 draw with Scotland ultimately ended his international career as he was never selected for Wales again.
Wales came within one match of winning a second title in 1912 and 1913, losing deciding matches against England on both occasions.
In the final hosting of the championship before the First World War, Wales finished bottom of the table with one point.
In December 1914, the Home Nations took the decision to suspend the British Home Championship following the outbreak of the war.
Wales' first fixtures at the end of the war were two friendly matches against England, organised to raise funds for the FAW.
The British Home Championship returned for the 1919–20 season with Wales' first post-war match ending in a 2–2 draw with pre-war champions Ireland in Belfast.
A draw against Scotland was followed by a 2–1 victory over England, the first time Wales had defeated its neighbour in a competitive fixture since 1882.
Goals from Stan Davies and Dick Richards secured victory for Wales, who were reduced to ten men in the second half when Harry Millership went off injured, but the performance of the now 45-year old Meredith drew headlines.
He ended his international career as both Wales' most-capped player and its record goalscorer having scored 11 times in 48 appearances.
The victory over Ireland was held on the same day that Cardiff City hosted South Shields in the Football League Second Division, with only 11,000 attending the national side's match in Swansea while more than 30,000 attended Cardiff's fixture.
One of the debutant in the team was Swansea Town's Willie Davies who made an instant impact, scoring one of his side's goals during a 2–0 victory over Scotland in the opening game.
A final victory over Ireland, via a Moses Russell penalty, secured the title for Wales having beaten all three sides in the same tournament for the first time.
The success was partly attributed to the team's star players being released to play, but this trend soon reverted to type for the opening match of the 1924–25 tournament; six players withdrew from the squad for the opening match, a 3–1 defeat to Scotland.
Wales' success did prompt England to agree to a Saturday fixture in Wales for the first time; Fred Keenor scored for Wales but the side fell to a 2–1 defeat.
When Wales were left short for the visit of Scotland in the 1925–26 Championship, Ted Robbins called up debutant Jack Lewis after following him to a train station in Newport where he was due to travel to Birmingham to play for Cardiff City.
Defeats to Scotland and Ireland followed and Robbins was again forced to make a last minute interception for the final match against England.
John Pullen had been travelling to London with Moses Russell and was persuaded to join up to win his first cap, alongside Charlie Jones.
The competition had started poorly for the side, conceding two goals in the first half against Scotland before Ernie Curtis and an own goal by Jimmy Gibson salvaged a point.
The match was tied at 1–1 until Wilf Lewis secured the win for Wales, scoring the winning goal by charging both the ball and opposition goalkeeper into the net.
After suffering a 4–2 defeat to Scotland in the opening match, Wales endured a 6–0 defeat to England in its second fixture.
The tournament ended with a severely depleted Wales side succumbing to a 7–0 defeat to Ireland in which Joe Bambrick scored six of his side's goals, the most any player has scored in a single match against Wales.
The national side's poor results at the end of the 1920s were partly blamed on the deterioration of Welsh club sides.
By the end of the decade, Cardiff City had been relegated to the Second Division, Aberdare Athletic had dropped out of the Football League and both Newport County and Merthyr Town had survived re-elections to avoid the same fate.
The ruling was designed to force international matches to be scheduled on days that would not clash with Football League fixtures.
Wales' first match under the ruling was the opening game of the 1930–31 British Home Championship against Scotland who were largely unaffected by the ruling as it drew the majority of its players from its own leagues.
Nine of Wales' eleven players made their international debut in the game, with only captain Fred Keenor and goalkeeper Len Evans having previous international experience.
Ahead of the match, Keenor asked Robbins if he could have the players to himself for four hours before the game.
Despite their inexperience, the Welsh side held Scotland to a 1–1 draw having taken the lead after six minutes from a goal by Tommy Bamford.
The Welsh public also responded by calling for the same side to remain for the following match against England, although Elvet Collins was replaced due to injury.
A compromise between the Football League and the other Home Nations was reached in 1931, with the sides being required to provide 21 days notice for a player's release, although the club were only obliged to release English players.
The FAW would also be responsible for the wages and insurance of the players during the time away, a stipulation that placed increasing strain on the organisation's already slim finances.
However, in practice, the more inclusive ruling provided little improvement as the FAW's release requests for players were continually rejected; during the 1931–32 British Home Championship, Wales finished bottom after losing all of its matches amd used 26 players in only 3 games.
The FAW subsequently gave in to the Football League and agreed to hold matches in midweek to avoid a fixture clash.
Wales travelled to Paris, France, in May 1933 to play its first international fixture against an opponent other than the Home Nations.
Buoyed by their championship victory, the Welsh team began their title defense in the 1933–34 British Home Championship by securing a 3–2 victory over Scotland in front of 40,000 fans at Ninian Park.
The tension of the match was so intense that Mills nearly failed to return for the second half having been sick during half-time.
Eric Brook equalised for England in the second half but, with less than ten minutes remaining, Dai Astley scored a header to give Wales victory and win the Home Championship in consecutive years for the only time in the nation's history.
Wales failed to retain its title in 1934–35, finishing last, and narrowly missed out on another title in 1935–36 British Home Championship.
The side recovered the following season and defeated England in a home fixture for the first time since 1882 via goals from Pat Glover and Seymour Morris.
Wales won its third title in five years by winning 4–1 over Ireland in its last fixture, Glover scoring two more to finish as top goalscorer with five goals in the competition.
Wales also went on to share the 1938–39 British Home Championship title with both England and Scotland after all three sides attained four points in the final edition of the tournament before the outbreak of the Second World War.
The British Home Championship was postponed during wartime; Wales' final fixture before the start of the war was a 2–1 defeat against France.
The side's first wartime fixture was a 1–1 draw with England in a charity match to raise money for the Red Cross.
The following year, Wales were hosted at Wembley Stadium for the first time having previously been considered less of a draw than Scotland.
For the majority of the war, Wales only played fixtures against England, the two sides meeting 15 times between 1939 and 1945.
As the war drew to a close, the national side was rocked by the death of Ted Robbins in January 1946.
Robbins had served as secretary of the FAW since 1900 and was credited as a major factor in the team's success in previous decades.
The British Home Championship returned for the 1946–47 campaign and Wales' first competitive post-war fixture was against Scotland in October 1946.
The wartime gap had increased public appetite for the sport and the break resulted in an entirely new generation of players being involved in the squad and one of the debutant, Trevor Ford, scored one of Wales' goals in a 3–1 victory.
The following year, Wales began its campaign with a 3–0 defeat against England but defeated Scotland at Hampden Park for the first time.
The tour proved disastrous for the squad however, as Wales lost all three fixtures and the squad was involved in a road accident when the team coach crashed during a tour of the Swiss Alps.
Wales and the other Home Nations entered the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 1950 and the 1949–50 British Home Championship was used to determine qualification for the tournament.
The added incentive resulted in a crowd of more than 60,000 attending Wales' opening fixture against England at Ninian Park, but they witnessed their side suffer a 4–1 defeat.
A further defeat to Scotland ended Wales' hopes of qualification and only a goalless draw with Northern Ireland stopped the side finishing bottom of the group on goal difference.
Prior to the Ireland match, Belgium had travelled to Cardiff to become the first overseas side to visit Wales for an international match.
During the following year's championship, Trevor Ford became Wales' leading goalscorer of all-time when he scored a brace during a 4–2 defeat to England.
Wales celebrated its 75th anniversary by winning its first post-war British Home Championship title by sharing the 1951–52 British Home Championship edition with England.
The two sides had drawn their meeting in the first fixture before both winning their remaining matches to finish on five points.
Wales' final match of the competition was a 3–0 victory over Northern Ireland at Vetch Field, the first international match held at the ground in 25 years.
The Welsh squad contained several young players born or brought up in the Swansea area, including Ford, Ivor Allchurch and Roy Paul, and the game was regarded as a homecoming match.
However, Wales struggled in the years immediately afterwards, finishing bottom of the Championship in consecutive seasons including the 1953–54 tournament which saw the team fail to qualify for the 1954 FIFA World Cup..
The period also included a disastrous European tour in 1953 during which Wales suffered a 6–1 defeat to France and a 5–2 defeat to Yugoslavia.
In 1954, encouraged by the work of Walter Winterbottom with England, the FAW appointed the first manager of the Welsh national side in former captain Walley Barnes.
Despite winning 2–0, the Austrians were infuriated by the physical style of play adopted by Wales, particularly forwards Ford and Derek Tapscott, which was unfamiliar outside Britain.
Yugoslavia travelled to Wales in September 1954 in a reverse of the two side's fixture in 1953 and became the first foreign opposition to win in Wales after winning 3–1, having trailed 1–0 at half-time.
Wales' burgeoning involvement in continental football resulted in the FAW being accepted as members of the recently founded Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) in 1954.
The 1955–56 British Home Championship brought some improvement for Wales as the side recorded its first victory over England in 17 years at Ninian Park.
All four sides shared the British Home Championship title after finishing on three points, the only occurrence of a four-way tie in the comp's 100-year history.
Wales narrowly missed out on winning the title having drawn 1–1 with Northern Ireland in its final game in which Roy Paul missed a penalty with Wales already leading 1–0.
The Austrian team were eager to match the physicality of the Welsh side shown in the first meeting and the match descended into violent chaos.
The French referee, Louis Fauquemberghe, who was unable to speak either German or English had little control as both sides continually resorted to fouling each other resulting in injuries to eight players.
The most serious were to Austrians Theodor Wagner, who suffered a fractured tibia, and Wales' Mel Charles, who left the field with ten minutes remaining after being heavily fouled.
Disappointing results against European teams prompted a change of approach by the FAW who appointed Manchester United coach Jimmy Murphy as manager in 1956.
Murphy enjoyed an inauspicious start with draws with Northern Ireland and Scotland before a 3–1 defeat to England in a match where Wales finished with nine players due to injuries.
The British Home Championship was dropped as a qualifying format for the 1958 FIFA World Cup and replaced by randomly drawn qualifying groups.
Wales was drawn alongside Czechoslovakia and East Germany and started positively by defeating Czechoslovakia 1–0 in its first fixture, via a goal by Roy Vernon.
The FAW, however, were still reluctant to call-up replacements and only an outcry from the press prompted Ray Daniel and Des Palmer to join up with the side.
An second opportunity at qualification was offered in December 1957 as the volatile political situation in Israel led to Turkey, Indonesia and Sudan withdrawing from matches against the nation for varying reasons.
FIFA rules decreed that no team could qualify for a World Cup without playing a match, and so a play-off against a European qualifying group runner-up was arranged.
The FAW accepted the offer and Wales travelled to Tel Aviv for the first leg, winning 2–0 after goals from Ivor Allchurch and Dave Bowen.
Allchurch scored again in the second leg and a further goal from Cliff Jones secured Wales' first qualification to a major international tournament.
The side's preparations for the tournament were hampered by confusion over the availability of John Charles; having failed to qualify, the Italian Football Federation had instead organised a club tournament featuring Charles' side Juventus who were reluctant to release the player.
Wales manager Jimmy Murphy prepared his team to play without Charles, but the player eventually secured his release and arrived in Sweden only three days before the start of the competition.
Ford had been banned from playing in Britain in 1956 after he revealed an illegal payments scandal in club football in his autobiography.
Derek Tapscott had also fallen out with the FAW while Des Palmer missed out due to injury, leading to Colin Webster being selected in their stead.
Although the Hungarian Golden Team had previously been considered one of the best teams in the world, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 had weakened the side.
In its second match, Wales played a Mexico side that had suffered a 3–0 defeat to Sweden in the opening match.
Ivor Allchurch gave Wales the lead in the first half but Mexico responded strongly and scored a late equaliser in the 89th minute with Wales having been reduced to 10-men after Colin Baker had been injured.
In their final group match, Wales met Sweden which had already qualified for the quarter-finals and had rested several players as a result.
The Swedes were still the stronger of the two teams but were unable to breach the Welsh defense and the match ended goalless.
Wales finished the group stage with three points, tied for second with Hungary necessitating a play-off match between the two sides to determine which would advance.
Wales were dealt a blow when Lajos Tichy gave Hungary the lead after 30 minutes while John Charles was again the focus of the Hungarian defence, leaving the field on more than one occasion to receive treatment.
Terry Medwin scored a second for Wales and, despite finishing the match with 10-men following an injury to Ron Hewitt, the side held on to advance to the quarter-finals.
The success of the Welsh team in the World Cup resulted in huge demand for tickets for the side's opening match of the 1958–59 British Home Championship.
Draws against England and Northern Ireland in the final two games left Wales bottom of the Championship, less than a year after its World Cup exploits.
The following year, the post World Cup interest in the team led to a crowd of 62,634 attending a match against England at Ninian Park, a new record crowd for Wales and a record attendance for the ground.
The FAW had been against the Irish split and had resisted any attempts for the two sides to play for several years (England had played the Republic for the first time some 14 years earlier).
A shared British Home Championship title in 1959–60 British Home Championship and a positive finish to the following year's campaign had raised hopes of Wales qualifying for the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile.
Wales were drawn in a group with Spain and Austria, although Austria withdrew due to financial problems before the matches began.
Spain won the first match 2–1 before the two sides drew 1–1 in the second match in Madrid with Ivor Allchurch scoring Wales' goal.
Wales entered the European Nations' Cup for the first time in 1964 (the Home Nations had not entered the inaugural edition in 1960).
In the preliminary qualifying round, Wales were drawn against Hungary and suffered a demoralising 3–1 defeat in the first leg in Budapest.
In April 1964, manager Jimmy Murphy was forced to miss Wales' match against Northern Ireland after his wife was taken ill. Swansea Town manager Trevor Morris was placed in charge as Wales suffered a 3–2 defeat.
Murphy never took charge of another match for Wales, resigning later in the year due to commitments with his role at Manchester United.
The role was eventually given to another former player, Dave Bowen, who had captained the team at the 1958 World Cup.
His first match in charge ended in victory when two late goals from Ken Leek secured a 3–2 win over Scotland in the 1964–65 British Home Championship.
In qualifying for the 1966 FIFA World Cup, Wales was drawn in a group alongside the Soviet Union, Greece and Denmark.
The campaign began poorly for Wales as it lost 1–0 to Denmark in Copenhagen before losing a controversial game against Greece in Athens.
Welsh players Ken Leek and Wyn Davies were continually fouled which led to brawls between players breaking out on several occasions.
The home crowd also made attempts to break onto the pitch to confront the Welsh players which led to clashes with local police.
Wales would avenge the defeat five months later with a 4–1 victory over Greece at Ninian Park in the return fixture.
Dave Bowen was unavailable to manage Wales in its opening match of the 1964–65 British Home Championship due to club commitments.
His side recorded a surprise 2–1 victory over their previously unbeaten opponents, the only match the Soviet Union failed to win during qualifying, via goals by Roy Vernon and Ivor Allchurch.
The result was not enough to secure qualification however as, despite beating Denmark 4–2 in its final game, Wales finished as runners-up in the group behind the Soviets.
Having failed to qualify for the World Cup, Wales instead embarked on another tour of South America in May 1966, playing two matches against Brazil and one against Chile.
Ivor Allchurch made his final appearance for Wales in the 2–0 defeat to Chile in the final match of the tour.
He retired as Wales' record appearance holder with 68 caps, and tied with Trevor Ford as the nation's record goalscorer with 23.
Like the early World Cups, the qualifying phase for UEFA Euro 1968 used the British Home Championship as a qualification group for the tour, with the results of the 1966–67 and 1967–68 editions being combined to determine which of the Home Nations would progress.
Wales began the stage with a 1–1 draw against Scotland in October 1966 but ultimately finished third in the 1966–67 season after losing heavily to England and recording a goalless draw with Northern Ireland.
The team fared little better, losing to England and Scotland before recording its only victory over the Euro 1968 qualifying campaign by beating Northern Ireland 2–0.
Wales recorded a creditable 1–1 draw with West Germany in April 1969 ahead of the qualifying campaign for the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
Wales' first match was against reigning European champions Italy and Dave Bowen was forced to name several reserve players in the line-up, although the team only lost to a single goal by Gigi Riva.
The side travelled to West Germany to play a return friendly against the side, with Bowen only able to select 13 players for the trip.
Nevertheless, Wales recorded a second 1–1 draw; Barrie Jones had given Wales the lead before Gerd Müller equalised late in the match.
The qualifying campaign for the 1970 World Cup ended with two defeats to East Germany and another to Italy as Wales failed to gain a single point.
The refusal of clubs to release players for international duty or to not allow a player to travel until a day before the match often disrupted the team.
The final match of the 1970 World Cup qualification group against Italy was nearly forfeited as Wales struggled to name a squad.
One player, Wrexham's teenage defender Gareth Davies, was contacted in the early hours of the morning and travelled overnight to make the team's flight to Rome.
Sprake later admitted to feigning injury under the guidance of his club manager Don Revie in order to avoid selection with the national side.
An incident in 1969 drew considerable criticism of the FAW when it failed to book enough seats for the ten travelling Welsh players and the organisation's members.
When none of the officials offered to give up their seat, the crew declared that the last person to board the craft, winger Gil Reece, would have to disembark.
A furious Reece was left at the airport and had to travel alone to Düsseldorf before crossing the border into East Germany.
Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin () is located in the Moscow district of Yasenevo District in the South-Western Administrative Okrug of Moscow Oblast and is part of the Russian Orthodox eparchy of Moscow.
Development for the church began in 2007, as part of a project by the Russian Orthodox Church to build 200 new worship centers in the Moscow region in the coming decade.
The Russian Orthodox hierarchy claimed that in Yasenevo there were 180,000 practicing Orthodox Christians yet only 4 churches in the immediate area.
The construction started even though not all the cost to build the church had yet been covered by sponsors and donors.
On 27 December 2015 Theodore (Kazanov) was consecrated bishop of Pereslavl and Uglich by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow at the Church of the Intercession.
The church is a popular destination for both tourist and Orthodox worshipers, the Christmas celebration in 2019 brought a wide array of Orthodox Christians from Moscow and beyond.
Founded in 1996, NGCI is an arts organisation that seeks to fulfil its mission through exhibitions, artist residencies, education/outreach programmes and research projects in the Cayman Islands.
Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the Caymanian public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge.
It houses the works of members in Caymanian art history including, Gladwyn K. Bush, Charles Long, Bendel Hydes, Davin Ebanks, Simon Tatum, John Reno Jackson, Nickola McCoy Snell, Nasaria Sukoo-Cholette, The Native Sons; Al Ebanks, Wray Banker, Randy Chollette, Chris Christian, Gordon Solomon, Miguel Powery, and Horacio Esteban.
He is currently playing for the Newfoundland Growlers in the ECHL while under contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL).
During the 2014–15 season, Duszak committed to attend Mercyhurst University and play for the Mercyhurst Lakers Division 1 men's ice hockey team.
In his last season with the Junior Islanders, Duszak was named the 2016 USPHL Player of the Year after ending the 2015–16 year with 60 points.
Although he played two games for the Chicago Steel of the United States Hockey League, Duszak eventually returned to the USPHL.
In his freshman year at Mercyhurst, he played in 29 games and ended the season with 5 goals and 16 assists.
At the end of the season, he was named to the Atlantic Hockey Association's All-Conference Second Team and Mercyhurst's Top Defenseman.
Duszak led the team with 16 goals and recorded his first career hat trick in a 4–3 win over the Holy Cross Crusaders.
Duszak was also nominated for the Hobey Baker Award as the top National Collegiate Athletic Association men's ice hockey player and selected for the AHCA All-America Second Team.
Jenekhe was previously a chemical engineer at the University of Rochester where his work focused on semiconducting polymers and quantum wires.
Born in Okpella, Nigeria, Samson earned his Bachelor of Science from Michigan Technological University and his doctoral degrees from the University of Minnesota.
Jenekhe joined the faculty of chemistry at the University of Washington in 2000 as a professor of chemical engineering and chemistry.
In 2003, he was one of three University of Washington Professors elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Tucker, N. M.; Briseno, A. L.; Acton, O.; Yip, H. L.; Ma, H.; Jenekhe, S. A.; Xia, Y.; Jen, A. K. Y.
The Vadose Zone Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 2002 and published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Soil Science Society of America.
The other two mills, which he had purchased was the Bradbury Mills at Kalbadevi) and the Dawn Mills at Lower Parel in Bombay.
Jackie M. Dooley is an American archivist who has served with the Library of Congress, UC San Diego, Berkeley, the Getty, OCLC Research, and as council member, vice president, and president of the Society of American Archivists.
She has published several notable works that have been extraordinarily useful in the archival profession in the United States and in the United Kingdom.
She has been most influential in her work to utilize the internet and blogs in her archival work, reaching hundreds of thousands of people working in archives or simply interested in the field.
Dooley is currently the Head of Collections for Cataloging at the Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities in Santa Monica, California.
Dooley is also currently serving as the vice-chair/chair-elect for the Association of College and Research Libraries' Rare Books and Manuscripts Division.
She writes on archives and the archival profession through many outlets, including the OCLC Research blog as well as the SAA.
As president of the SAA, she has been applauded for seeking broad input and acting creatively in the work of the Annual Meeting Task Force and on the SAA's strategic planning process.
Dooley has also remained active in both the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of the Association of College & Research Libraries and the Working Group on Special Collections of the Association of Research Libraries.
Al-Ubulla (), called Apologos () by the Greeks in the pre-Islamic period, was a port city at the head of the Persian Gulf east of Basra in present-day Iraq.
It was located to the east of old Basra and lay on the northern side of the eponymous canal, the Nahr al-Ubulla, which connected Basra southeastwards to the Tigris river, Abadan (in modern Iran) and ultimately to the Persian Gulf.
During the early Muslim conquests in the 630s, al-Ubulla was conquered by the Arab forces of Utba ibn Ghazwan al-Mazini after the defeat of its 500-man Sasanian garrison.
Following the foundation of the Arab garrison town of Basra further inland, al-Ubulla declined in strategic importance but remained a major trade port until the Mongol invasion.
As indicated by the medieval Arabic geographers, al-Ubulla continued to be a large town, more populous than Basra, throughout the Abbasid era (750–1258).
Yaqut al-Hamawi praised the city and Ibn Hawqal describes the border lands of the Nahr al-Ubulla as a single extensive garden.
In 942, the governor of Uman captured the city on his way to Basra during his conflict with its strongman Abu'l-Husayn al-Baridi and his brother Abu Abdallah al-Baridi.
The 14th-century traveler Ibn Batuta described it as a mere village and around this time it disappeared from the historical record.
The 2009 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 20–24 October 2009 at the Manchester Velodrome.
Cannabichromevarin or CBCV (also known as cannabivarichromene) is one of over a 100 variants of cannabinoid chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors.
CBCV is a phytocannabinoid found naturally in cannabis, and is a propyl cannabinoid and an effective anticonvulsant and used to treat brain cancer and epilepsy.
CBCV is not thought to be psychoactive or impairing in any way, and is believed to be safe for children and adults and is a compound found in medical marijuana.
It was originally named the Finnair SkyWheel and its placement on Katajanokka harbor is where the airline first located its flight operations in the 1920s.
The Belize women's cricket team toured Costa Rica in December 2019 to play a six-match bilateral Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) series.
These were the first WT20I matches for Belize since the ICC's announcement that full WT20I status would apply to all the matches played between women's teams of associate members after 1 July 2018.
As the only remaining in the Nortraship's fleet, it represents a central part of Norway's war history and maritime history and is a very important protection object.
The idea was to enable the ship to be a sailing museum along the coast of Norway as a memorial of the Norwegian wartime sailors.
Indiana was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.
Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 6.41%.
John Rennie Short (born 19 October 1951) is a professor of geography and public policy in the School of Public Policy at University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
From 1985 to 1987, he was also visiting senior research fellow at the Urban Research Unit of the Australian National University.
In 2002, he left Syracuse for an appointment as professor and chair of the Department of Geography and Environmental Systems at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC).
Short's work has been presented in television and radio interviews, print interviews in national and special newspapers and essays on scholarly/journalistic websites.
More recent work has focused on the Global South including the rise of new middle class and the informal economy in the Colombian city of Cali.
In that book Short elaborated the idea of national environmental ideologies though the depictions of wilderness, countryside and city in landscape painting, cinema and novels.
Short builds upon and extends the work of the critical cartographic theorist John Brian Harley to deconstruct maps as social and political texts.
Short explores the power dynamics in how the USA and Korea were represented in maps, the creation of a spatial sensitivity in the early modern era, the role of indigenous people in so-called exploration and discovery of the New World, and the emergence of the national atlas as important feature of modern nationalism.
Her mother Isabel was the daughter of Francisco de Paula Icaza and Isabel Paredes y Olmedo; niece of the poet Magdalena, and sister of José Joaquin de Olmedo.
The 2010 Girls' Youth NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the seventh edition of the bi-annual Women's Junior NORCECA Volleyball Championship, played by ten countries from July 4–12, 2010 in Tijuana, Mexico.
Originally the regiment, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but on 1 June 1999 it became part of the cavalry.
Enroute one transport carrying the tanks for one of the companies of the XII battalion was sunk by British warplanes in the Mediterranean.
To bring the 133rd regiment back up to strength 31st Tank Infantry Regiment sent its IV and LI tank battalions to North Africa.
From then on the regiment participated in all the battles of the campaign: Battle of Mersa Matruh, First Battle of El Alamein, and Battle of Alam el Halfa.
On 10 July 1948 the Italian Army raised the 1st Tankers Regiment, which inherited the flag and traditions of the 1st Tank Infantry Regiment.
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour during World War II.
In fall 2001 the 133rd Tank Regiment was disbanded and its war flag transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.
The 1880 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election.
The Orange Cube is a design showroom and office building in the La Confluence quarter of the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon, France.
Whilst working on new materials for photovoltaics, Heutz showed that electrons in copper phthalocyanine (a blue pigment found in a Bank of England £5 note) exist in a superposition of two different spin states.
She demonstrated that copper phthalocyanine could be used for quantum computing, where information is stored as qubits as opposed to binary bits.
Heutz has continued to work on room temperature magnetic organic materials for spintronic applications, working with Nic Harrison, the co-Director of the Imperial College Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering.
Harrison contributed theoretical models of cobalt phthalocyanine, and demonstrated that by manipulating the angle between adjacent layers of cobalt phthalocyanine it is possible to improve the magnetic properties of the material.
In 2018 Heutz demonstrated that pentacene could undergo singlet fission – absorbing a single photon could result in the generation of two excited electrons.
Heutz and colleagues demonstrated that when pentacene molecules are tilted toward each other they are more likely to undergo singlet fission than when they are tilted.
The work was the first to show that pentacene could undergo singlet fission at room temperature.In 2017 Heutz was awarded a multi-million pound research grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council to open the UK's first SPIN-Lab.
It has a two part, low, rectangular plan, wooden wing set with 5° of dihedral and built around a single main spar.
Plywood skin ahead of the spar around the leading edge forms a torsion-resistant D-box; behind the spar the wing is fabric covered.
The forward fuselage has a welded steel-tube structure but the rear is a wooden monocoque; throughout, the section is essentially rectangular with rounded decking.
Behind the metal-covered, conventionally mounted engine, a Walter Mikron III salvaged from an earlier project, the forward fuselage is ply covered.
The cockpit is over the wing, normally enclosed by a two-part canopy though it can be flown open with only its windscreen in place.
Its rectangular plan tailplane is mounted on the top of the extreme rear fuselage, placing its straight-edged, tapered, one-piece, tabbed elevator behind the rudder.
Each leg is cross-linked to the top of the other with a steel rod and has an elastic shock absorber within the fuselage.
Criticisms were confined to its landing limitations; the absence of flaps meant a shallow approach, the absence of brakes could be a problem at short strips and its small wheels did not suit rough surfaces.
Photographs from that year show the wheels enclosed in spats and flaps which occupy all the trailing edge inboard of the aileron.
It underwent a series of quantitative tests with results good enough to encourage Orliński's son to start a second airframe in 2004.
Five months after its first flight in 1987 the Orlik appeared in public for the first time at the 6th Amateur Constructors' Rally.
The by-election was triggered by the resignation of William Fleming to unsuccessfully contest the federal seat of New England at the 1910 election.
The Magnus Archives is a horror fiction podcast written by Jonathan Sims, directed by Alexander J. Newall, and produced by Rusty Quill.
Sims narrates the podcast in character as 'Jonathan Sims', the head archivist of the Magnus Institute, a fictional paranormal investigation institute..
He continues to read the next part of the entry, where he hits the ball and grins, only for it to bounce off a tree and smash his teeth.
He turns to another entry which dates on Monday, June 3, when Jerry got Tom into two nasty surprises in a chase.
Tom is now enraged at what Jerry has written about him and he destroys Jerry's present (which appears to be a box of chocolates) in frustration.
He is just about to throw the diary away when he opens it again and reads one more entry dating Saturday, July 4, when Tom and Jerry fought using firecrackers.
Tom has finally had it and rips Jerry's diary to pieces in exasperation just as soon as the mouse comes home.
The Rila Literary School is medieval and Renaissance at the same time, reflecting the transition from Middle Bulgarian to New Bulgarian in modern times.
A guardian of previous literary traditions, it reflects and combines, at the same time, the desire to preserve the literary wealth of medieval Bulgaria with the rule of time for accessible and mass literacy through the Damaskins.
The beginning is marked by the works of Vladislav Gramatik and Demetrius Kantakouzenos, and the end - by the life and work of Neofit Rilski.
'Perpetua' (died c.423) was a late Roman abbess, the daughter of Saint Monica and Patricius, and the sister of Augustine of Hippo.
This establishment seems to have run on similar lines to his - the nuns were allowed to leave the monastery for a variety of activities, including: visiting the baths, to the laundry, to worship at external churches.
It can be argued that 'Perpetua's' influence was at its strongest after her death, with the writing of this letter to her community.
One if its major warnings was of pride: whether you came from a humble or a rich background, there was danger that you may become proud of your asceticism, which undid all its holy work.
Average daily quantity (ADQ), is similar to the World Health Organizations defined daily dose, but adjusted to reflect how medication are use in England.
He started all 14 of the Jackrabbits games at linebacker as a true freshman and recorded 41 tackles, four tackles for loss, a sack and an interception.
Following the end of the season, he decided to transfer to the Division II Florida Institute of Technology in order to be closer to his family.
After sitting out a year due NCAA transfer rules, Hassell led the Panthers and finished fifth in the Gulf South Conference (GSC) with 78 tackles and was named second team all-conference as a redshirt junior.
As a redshirt senior, he made 124 tackles, 9.5 tackles for loss, 4.5 sacks for 34 yards and three forced fumbles and was named first team All-GSC and the conference Defensive Player of the Year, as well as a first team All-American by the American Football Coaches Association and the D2CCA, and a second-team All-American by the Associated Press.
He was waived at the end of final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the Browns' practice squad on September 1, 2019.
He made his NFL debut on November 24, 2019 against the Miami Dolphins, playing nine snaps on special teams and making two tackles in a 41-24 win while also becoming the first Florida Tech player to appear in an NFL game.
Patrick J. Hamrock (1860-1939) was an Irish-born American soldier who served in multiple conflicts as part of the U.S. Army and Colorado National Guard.
Hamrock joined the U.S. Army as a member of the 7th Cavalry Regiment, a unit regularly involved in the battles of the Indian Wars against the Native American inhabitants of the Western United States during the latter-half of the 1800s.
He was present during the Ghost Dance War against the Miniconjou and Hunkpapa Lakota, and participated 1890 campaign that included the Wounded Knee Massacre in South Dakota, where 200-300 Lakota were killed.
Hamrock was involved in founding the Rocky Mountain Sharpshooters for the Spanish-American War, composed of volunteers from the Western US, but they never saw combat.
In the years that followed, Hamrock became the coach of the state rifle team, was promoted to major in the Colorado National Guard, and began operating a saloon in Denver.
On 23 September 1913, the United Mine Workers of America declared a strike against the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel and Iron company in southern Colorado in an effort to secure better pay and collective bargaining.
Up to 20,000 strikers were evicted from the company towns that dotted the coal-rich Sangre de Christo region, raising tent cities nearby with the help of the UMWA.
The Colorado National Guard was mobilized on 28 October and arrived in the strike zone by train before the end of the month.
The Major Hamrock was in charge of Company B of the National Guard, a 34-man detachment composed largely of enlisted CF&I mine guards and detectives stationed mostly at Cedar Hill near Tabasco.
After six months of deployment to the largely isolated strike zone, the majority of the National Guardsmen were allowed to return to their livelihoods.
Company K, commanded by the amicable attorney-Captain Phillip Van Cise, withdrew from Ludlow, leaving Hamrock to send a 12 troops to fill their place.
Tensions in the region had decreased from a peak in October–November 1913, but rose again in March 1914 following the discover of a non-striking miner's body near the Forbes Colony of strikers.
General John Chase, in command of the National Guard, order the strikers' colony razed and the men arrested, an action that indirectly resulted in two infants dying of exposure.
Alongside Hamrock's troops were militia under the command of Lieutenant Karl Linderfelt, who had previously seen combat against the strikers in the early stage of the conflict and also had authority over Company B.
Inside the 1,200-person Ludlow Colony, Cretan-born Greek striker Louis Tikas was helping to sooth tensions between the other Greek miners and a growingly-anxious Guard and militia presence.
Following a tense day of Orthodox Easter festivities, on 20 April 1914, Hamrock received word from Linderfelt that an Italian woman was attempting to locate her husband named Tuttolimando, who was believed to live in the Ludlow Colony.
Hamrock dispatched a corporal and two enlisted men to search for him, and it became clear it Tikas had to be involved.
Soon, armed miners were spotted by Hamrock's adjutant Lieutenant Ray Benedict, leading Hamrock to send for Linderfelt's men at Cedar Hill.
Hamrock again spoke to the miners via telephone and agreed to meet Tikas at the Colorado & Southern train station near the colony.
At 8:50 AM, Hamrock met Tikas at the agreed location, whereupon Tikas informed the troops and distraught woman that the man in question no longer lived at in Ludlow Colony.
Greek miners moving in a flanking fashion towards an arroyo were seen by National Guardsmen who were emplacing the second machine gun.
Who fired the first shot is unclear, but immediately the troops detonated three bombs intended to alert the Linderfelt detachment at Berwind and other militiamen at Delagua.
Hamrock would testify that he was among the first to man a machine gun, stating he had fired at points near the colony, rather than directly into it.
Tikas was found unarmed with his skull beaten in, and Linderfelt was seen carrying a broken Springfield rifle over his shoulder away from the scene.
Major Hamrock ordered the bodies and charred remains of the camp left undisturbed for over half a day following the battle.
He was charged with murder, larceny, and other crimes associated with the death of Tikas and other unarmed strikers, as well as the twelve children and two women killed during the battle and militia-set fire that followed.
At Hamrock's court-martial, a Sergeant Davis testified that after Davis and a Corporal Mills arrested Tikas that Tikas ran and was shot under orders to execute any prisoners attempting to escape.
On 20 August 1921, Hamrock was promoted to acting brigadier general after serving as a colonel and served as Colorado's Adjutant General.
The song gained popularity on the video-sharing platform TikTok, which led to it gaining over 100 million streams across all platforms collectively.
The Muleriders play their home games at Rip Powell Field at Wilkins Stadium in Magnolia, Arkansas and compete in the Great American Conference (GAC).
It was replaced by War Chamber in 2019 after WWE acquired the rights from MLW to use the WarGames name for its NXT TakeOver events.
Irmgard Neumann ( Pulß, 16 October 1925 – 22 February 1989) was a member of the State Council of East Germany, the country's collective head of state.
Following the Second World War and subsequent creation of the German Democratic Republic, Neumann became a farmer at a collective farm () near Teterow.
In September of the same year she was elected to the State Council, of which she remained a member until November 1963.
The song was an international hit and peaked at number 10 in Sweden, number 13 in France, number 16 in Norway and number 20 in Denmark.
Sol Invictus Tour is the eighth concert tour by American rock band, Faith No More in support of their reunion album Sol Invictus.
Tawwaj was located on or close to the Shapur River in the region of Fars, about from the Persian Gulf coast.
It was captured and garrisoned by an Arab Muslim army commanded by the brothers al-Hakam and Uthman ibn Abi al-As in .
A mosque was built in the town from that period, but had been completely ruined by the lifetime of the Persian geographer Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349).
The 10th-century Persian geographer Istakhri describes Tawwaj as located in a lowland gorge with numerous date palms, a considerably hot climate and being close in size to the Fars town of Arrajan.
By the 12th century, most of the town fell into ruins, and by the 14th century it was in a total ruinous state.
The 2017–18 Algerian Women's Championship was the 20th season of the Algerian Women's Championship, the Algerian national women's association football competition.
FC Constantine won the competition after a close battle with AS Sureté Nationale in both the East Central Group and the Championship Round.
The 16 team League Cup competition was played between January and May 2018 and was won by AS Sureté Nationale after beating league champions FC Constantine on penalties in the final.
The founding organisations and main partners of HFSC Australia are the National Council for fire and emergency services, AFAC, and Fire Protection Association Australia (FPA Australia) representing the fire protection industry.
The changes now require newly-built residential apartment buildings over three storeys and less than 25 metres to include fire sprinklers under the Deemed-to-Satisfy (DTS) Provisions.
The Takoma-Fort Totten Line designated as Route K2 is a Metrobus Route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the Fort Totten Metro Station of the Red, Green, and Yellow Lines and Takoma Metro Station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro.
K2 was created as a brand new Metrobus Route by WMATA on February 19, 1978, to operate during weekday am & pm rush hour/peak period commuter times only, between the newly opened Fort Totten & Takoma Stations, and also to the Walter Reed Medical Center in the Shepherd Park neighborhood of Northwest Washington D.C. (located a few blocks west of the Takoma Metro Station).
Much like the K2 Metrobus Route, the K1 Metrobus Route would also only operate during weekday am & pm rush hour/peak period times.
K1 operated between the Takoma Metro Station & Walter Reed Medical Center, from March 27, 2005, all the way up until September 25, 2011, when its route was ultimately discontinued, due to the fact that the Walter Reed Medical Center closed in the Shepherd Park neighborhood of Northwest Washington D.C./was relocated adjacent to the Bethesda Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland.
The song was a hit in Czech Republic and Finland, where it reached number 8 and 12 on the singles chart.
WarGames (2003) was the first WarGames professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on September 19, 2003 at the War Memorial Auditorium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
The main event was the namesake WarGames match, in which The Funkin' Army (Bill Alfonso, Sabu, Steve Williams, Terry Funk and The Sandman) defeated The Extreme Horsemen (Barry Windham, CW Anderson, PJ Walker, Simon Diamond and Steve Corino).
Aside from the WarGames match, the event also featured an eight-man J-Cup USA Tournament to crown the inaugural World Junior Heavyweight Champion.
The event opened with a tag team match pitting Los Maximos (Joel Maximo and Jose Maximo) against the team of Juventud Guerrera and Super Dragon.
Next, the first match of the J-Cup USA Tournament took place to crown the inaugural World Junior Heavyweight Champion, in which Sonjay Dutt took on Tony Mamaluke.
It was followed by the final match in the J-Cup USA tournament first round where Super Dragon took on Christopher Daniels.
Next, The Samoan Island Tribe (Ekmo, Mana and Samu) took on the team of Matt Rite, Monsta Mack and Richard J. Criado in a Falls Count Anywhere match.
Rite was set up on a table in the crowd and Ekmo nailed a diving splash on Rite by diving over the ring post through the table for the win.
Dutt countered a springboard sunset flip by Colon by hitting a spinebuster and pinned Colon with a roll-up for the win.
CM Punk interfered in the match as he held Raven and Nosawa hit a superkick but Raven ducked and Punk was hit instead.
The main event was the WarGames match between The Funkin' Army (Sabu, Steve Williams, Terry Funk and The Sandman) and The Extreme Horsemen (Barry Windham, CW Anderson, PJ Walker, Simon Diamond and Steve Corino).
Funkin' Army were outnumbered by Extreme Horsemen with a disadvantage of 4-5, which led to Bill Alfonso joining the match as the fifth member of Funkin' Army.
Funk hit Corino with a branding iron and a fireball into Corino's face and made him submit to the spinning toe hold for the win.
Promoted to the first team in the latter stages of the 2018 campaign, he remained unused as his side achieved promotion to the Série A.
Kunde made his first team debut on 23 January 2019, starting in a 3–0 Campeonato Catarinense home defeat of Hercílio Luz.
WarGames (2018) was the second and final WarGames professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on September 6, 2018 at the War Memorial Auditorium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Fifteen matches were contested at the event with one match airing at the WarGames special, the namesake WarGames match, in which Team Strickland (Barrington Hughes, John Hennigan, Kotto Brazil, Shane Strickland and Tommy Dreamer) defeated The Ravagers (Abyss, Jimmy Havoc, Sami Callihan and The Death Machines (Leon Scott and Sawyer Fulton)).
However, on July 10, MLW owner Court Bauer tweeted that he would bring back the WarGames match on September 6 at the War Memorial Auditorium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the same venue where MLW had previously held the WarGames match in 2003.
The card consisted of matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers.
The attacker was revealed to be Strickland's former ally Sami Callihan, who said that he perpetrated the attack due to greed of money being paid to him by Ki and Salina de la Renta.
On August 7, it was announced that Strickland and Callihan would be captains for opposing teams in the WarGames match at WarGames, with Strickland's team consisting of John Hennigan, Tommy Dreamer, Barrington Hughes and Kotto Brazil and Callihan's team called the Ravagers, which would be consisting of Jimmy Havoc and the Death Machines.
The event featured the namesake WarGames match, in which Barrington Hughes, John Hennigan, Kotto Brazil, Shane Strickland and Tommy Dreamer took on The Ravagers (Abyss, Jimmy Havoc, Sami Callihan and The Death Machines (Leon Scott and Sawyer Fulton)).
Brazil then wrapped barbed wire on Hughes, who hit a big splash on Fulton and then Brazil and Hughes wrapped the barbed wire around Fulton's head, forcing him to tap out.
Sami Callihan and Jimmy Havoc's brawling led to both men demanding several stipulations for a match against each other, which led MLW management to make a Spin the Wheel, Make the Deal match between the two at Fury Road.
Shane Strickland moved on to a feud with Tom Lawlor, which led to the two competing in a match to determine the ace of MLW at Fury Road.
Isobel Dorothy Thornley FRHS FSA (1893 – 5 February 1941) was a British historian of medieval England who compiled and edited works on legal history, the Yorkists, Richard II, and medieval sanctuary.
She left money to the University of London who award grants from her bequest for the publication of books that would not otherwise be published and to support candidates registered for a PhD at the university.
She earned her BA at University College, Nottingham, in 1915, and her MA at University College London, in 1917 where she studied under Albert Pollard, the founder of the Institute of Historical Research.
Thornley joined University College London as an assistant in 1919 becoming assistant lecturer in 1925 and then spending a year as an assistant professor of history at Vassar College in the United States from 1925 to 1926.
At the time of her death she was building on her work editing the Richard II yearbook by editing medieval law reports for the Ames Foundation of Harvard Law School and Britain's Selden Society.
She was honorary secretary of the British Archaeological Association, a fellow of the Royal Historical Society and from 1939 a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Thornley died, unmarried, on 5 February 1941 when her home of 6 Cholmeley Crescent in Highgate was hit by a bomb during the London Blitz.
She left money to the University of London who award grants from the Isobel Thornley Bequest to support the publication of works that would not otherwise be published, while the Institute of Historical Research award grants funded by her bequest to support candidates registered for a PhD at the University of London.
With the vacancy created by the retirement of Judge Herbert B. Dixon, Jr., on April 30, 2015, President Barack Obama nominated Becker to a 15-year term as an associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
Luciano Lozano Raya, known professionally as Luciano Lozano, (born 1969) is a Spanish author, graphic artist, and illustrator based in Barcelona.
Deep Creek drains of area, receives about 47.7 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 447.26 and is about 48% forested.
Following closed auditions at Cowell's record label, series 3 winner Leona Lewis joined the judges panel for the live audience auditions and live finale.
Industry experts were also on hand to help including producers Naughty Boy and Fred Ball as well as singer Ella Eyre and songwriter Carla Williams.
The live finale was held at Resorts World Arena on 15 December 2019, where the girlband Real Like You beat boyband Unwritten Rule to win a recording contract with Syco Music.
The series aired over four episodes, beginning Monday 9th, then Wednesday 11th and Friday 13th December before the live finale on Sunday 15 December which was held at the Resorts World Arena in Birmingham.
It’s always nice to get out and see other places and you get a full sense of the whole country being involved as well.
Cowell judged the programme alongside Nicole Scherzinger, who has previously served as a judge on the main version of the programme as well as judging the recently aired celebrity version, and third series winner Leona Lewis.
Filmed on 4th December and aired two days after the record label auditions, O'Leary hosted auditions in front of a studio audience at Resorts World Arena in Birmingham.
Contestants who made it through the label auditions were invited back to perform in front of the judges panel which also included Lewis.
The Live Final, held 2 days after the Boys Arena Auditions, was broadcast live from the Resorts World Arena, in front of a studio audience of 7,000 people.
The final line-up of Real Like You was announced at the end of the second episode, where the judges initially stated that the band would be a quintet consisting of Jess Folley, Seorsia Jack, Luena Martinez, Halle Williams and Kellimarie Willis.
The clip starts with a woman and man waking up, finding both of them a tin can phone, deciding to follow the cord through a forest.
Finally, both meet and follow the cord up to the tree where the band members were playing, finding only a banjo leaning on the tree.
The Munster Hurler of the Year is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best during the Munster Senior Championship.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
On 3 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro became independent nations, dissolving their short-lived federation, the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, the successor state to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Caio Fernando de Oliveira (born 11 May 1998), known as Caio Paulista or simply Caio, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Fluminense, on loan from Tombense.
He made his senior debut on 8 March 2018, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–0 Campeonato Catarinense away loss against Hercílio Luz; he only featured in one further match during the campaign, as his side achieved promotion to the Série A.
Promoted to the main squad ahead of the 2019 season, Caio made his top tier debut on 19 May of that year by starting in a 1–1 draw at Vasco da Gama.
It was a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created in the aftermath of the First World War; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929.
The Nunciature to Yugoslavia was created in 1921 and ended with the overthrow of the Yugoslav monarchy and the creation of a Communist government at the end of World War Two.
As Yugoslavia subdivided into a group of successor states, each with its own diplomatic relations with the Holy See, the responsibilities of the Nunciature to Yugoslavia shrank until the last Apostolic Nuncio to Yugoslavia was appointed in 2000 when the nunciature in Belgrade was located in the Federation of Montenegro and Serbia, which then dissolved in 2006, transforming the nunciature in Belgrade into the Apostolic Nunciature to Serbia.
The Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga (FCAK) or African Film Festival in Khouribga is a film festival for African cinema held in Khouribga in Morocco.
In 1977, led by Noureddine Saïl, the National Federation of Cinema Clubs in Morocco (FNCCM) helped to organize the Rencontres Cinematographiques de Khouribga.
With a budget of 900,000 dirhams (630,000 frances), invitations were extended to 100 nationals and about 30 foreigners from Arab, European and African countries.
Since 2004 the FCAK has been run by a Foundation, with Nourddine Saïl as President and Lahoussaine N’douf as Executive Director.
The family is highly specific to primates, with minimal similarity or presence in other mammals and no presence in other animals, and its genes' content has been subject to a very high number of duplications in humans.
A higher number of copies of this domain has been found to be correlated with brain size and autism severity, while a lower number of copies has been found to be correlated with schizophrenia severity.
The first three genes are located at 1p36, while the next four are located at 1p12 and the next eleven at 1q21.
She became a prominent musician who, as far as it is known, is the first Danish woman to perform publicly as a pianist.
In 1807 she and her father embarked on a concert tour of the country to collect for the needy after the Battle of Copenhagen during the Napoleonic Wars.
They managed to hold a few concerts in eastern Holsteen and Zealand before they had to cancel the trip because of the death of Christian VII.
After his death, she continued to live in the capital for a few years before moving back to her hometown of Kolding.
Josh Bonner (born May 4, 1974) is an American politician who has served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 72nd district since 2017.
He also obtained a bachelors in teaching form Stephen F. Austin State University, he then began to teach, he taught for a total of twelve and a half years.
Haley was sworn in on March 1, 1978 to represent District 4 in the Texas House of Representatives after the resignation of Roy Blake, Sr..
In his tenure he was crucial in enacting several reforms to the Texas education system, he chaired the House Committee on Public Education in the 68th, 69th, and 70th legislatures.
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Caracas (; ) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
It was built in 1908 for Lars Peter Larson, the son of Danish immigrants who converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Larson, who worked as farmer, shepherder, and a salesman for the LDS-run Cleveland Cooperative Mercantile Association, lived here with his wife, nee Nora Oveson.
The Larsons moved to Salt Lake City in 1915, and the house was acquired by Joseph Locke, followed by Harry C. Allred, and Ronald Norris.
Stefan Mladenov was a Bulgarian linguist and dialectologist, a specialist in Indo-European linguistics, Slavic studies, Balkan studies, Bulgarian studies and a scientist of world renown and authority.
Corresponding Member of a number of Academies of Sciences, including the Russian Academy of Sciences (the only Bulgarian scientist during the Soviet period until the end of World War II); The German Academy of Sciences; Polish Academy of Sciences and more, including King's College London.
In the 20th century and in the run up to the discovery of the Internet, it was one of the largest facilities in comparative linguistics and historical linguistics in the world.
Previously edited the special part in the second and third volume of the first three-volume story in Bulgarian by Benyo Tsonev.
His writings are fundamental to historical comparativism, because Old Bulgarian is the fourth classical and medieval literary language (see trilingual heresy).
Stefan Mladenov made a special contribution to clarifying the historical influence of the Bulgarian language and to the emergence of languages from the Balkan Linguistic Union.
When she was 15, she lost her older brother Antonio, who was killed along with 23 other men during the suppression of the October 1934 revolutionary strike in .
This event led to her joining the Socialist Youth in 1936, and after the July coup d'état, she became a militia member in Colloto.
Flórez was arrested in October 1937, and initially sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment, although this was later reduced to 9 years.
In May 1938, she was transferred to Saturrarán prison in Gipuzkoa, where she remained until she was released on parole in August 1941.
She lived for a time in Barakaldo, where her sister resided, and later left for Oviedo and L'Entregu, where she worked first in a , and later in a pharmacy.
In 1946, Flórez married Graciano Rozada Vallina, who participated in the reorganization of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) of Asturias.
Due to his involvement in these processes, Rozada decided to escape to France in August 1947 at the risk of being arrested.
She returned to Spain in 1960 to visit her family and was arrested at the border, although she was allowed to continue her visit to Asturias and then return to France.
In 2003, her husband died in Saint-Éloy-les-Mines, and she returned to Asturias a year later, settling in Gijón, where she joined the in early 2013.
The song is sung by band member Jana Gross and was an international hit, peaking at number 2 in Austria, number 3 in Germany and Spain, number 6 in Switzerland and number 8 in Sweden.
One of the first programmers to feature it was Bernhard Hiller, head of music at CHR station 104.6 RTL in Berlin.
Hiller suggests that the fact that the band and the station cooperated on promotional activities on the record may have played a major role in its eventual success.
The 2015 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 10th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 18 October 2015, Carrigaline won the championship following a 0-12 to 0-11 defeat of St. Michael's in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.
My Best Friend's Wedding is an upcoming stage musical with a book by Ronald Bass and Jonathan Harvey featuring songs by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, based on the 1997 film of the same name with screenplay by Bass.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The 2016 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 11th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 23 October 2016, Kiskeam won the championship following a 2-12 to 0-14 defeat of Fermoy in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn.
It is generally described as the first opera in London sung entirely in Italian, by Italian singers, although there were intermezzi in English between the acts of the main opera.
Almahide has been brought up as a man in preparation for killing her father’s enemy Almiro; instead she has fallen in love with him.
The cast was composed of Italian singers; three castrati - Nicolini (Almiro), Valentini (Almanzor), and Giuseppe Cassani (Gemir), as well as two women - Margherita de L'Epine (Almahide), and Isabella Girardeau (Celinda).
The production was revived the following year with four performances in April and one in May, with Margharita de l’Epine in the title role.
The 2017 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 12th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 15 October 2017, Mallow won the championship following a 1-17 to 1-16 defeat of St. Michael's in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
Spring rite of Juraŭski Karahod () is a ritual performed by the residents of village, Žytkavičy District, Homieĺ Region, Belarus on St. George's Day.
The 2018 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 13th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006.
On 21 October 2018, Fermoy won the championship following an 0-11 to 0-07 defeat of St. Michael's in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
He has previously taught at the University of Geneva, University of Padua and University of Turin, and from 2007 to 2017 has directed the Institute of Italian studies at the Università della Svizzera italiana.
The men's 60 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne took place on 23 November at the Royal Exhibition Building.
It was the eighth appearance of the featherweight class, and the third time the weight class featured weightlifters between 56 and 60 kg (prior appearances had featherweight as the lightest weight class before a 56 kg weight class was added in 1948).
The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight.
If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Richard Frank Salisbury (December 8, 1926 – June 17, 1989), also known as Dick Salisbury, was a Canadian anthropologist, specializing in the field of Economic anthropology and anthropology of development.
His primary fieldwork and subsequent publications dealt with the Tolai and Siane people of Papua New Guinea and the Cree of Northern Quebec.
He was the director of the Anthropology of Development program at McGill from 1970 - 1986 and finally Dean of the Faculty of Arts at McGill from 1986 - 1989.
He was the author (or co-author) of 20 books, monographs and reports, more than 60 articles and numerous other reviews and commentaries.
His leadership on the impact study of the James Bay Project helped the James Bay Cree and the Government of Quebec work out the historic treaty James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (1975) that has become a model for reconciling aboriginal autonomy with economic development.
He served with the Royal Marines from 1945-1948 and simultaneously attended St John's College, Cambridge, in Cambridge, England, earning a Bachelor of Arts in 1949, specializing in Modern Languages.
In 1949, with a scholarship, he travelled to the United States and pursued his graduate work in the field of anthropology at Harvard University.
At Harvard University, he met Mary Roseborough, a Canadian who was doing her PhD in Sociology at Radcliffe College and was an assistant professor in Sociology at Tufts University.
Salisbury held a research position at the Harvard School of Public Health 1954-56, was an assistant professor at Tufts University, Boston, 1956-57 and an assistant professor at University of California at Berkeley, 1957-62.
In 1962, Salisbury moved to Montreal and joined the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at McGill University, where he stayed until the end of his career.
He was president of five anthropology associations including the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association (1968-1970), the Northeastern Anthropology Association (1968), the American Ethnological Society (1980), The Society for Economic Anthropology (1982).
He was a member of the academic panel Canada Council, 1974-1978; a member of the 1977 Quebec Commission on Higher Education, 1977-1979; served on the board of the Quebec Institute Research on Culture, 1979-1984, served on the board of the Canadian Human Rights Foundation from 1980.
He was a consultant to: Administrator Papua, 1971; Canadian Department of Agriculture, 1970; James Bay Development Corporation, 1971-1972; Indians of Quebec Association, 1972-1975; Communications Canada, 1974-1975; James Bay Energy Corporation, 1982; Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co., 1984.
Salisbury was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1974 and became Honorary Secretary of the Royal Society of Canada Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences.
During the James Bay Project, the Cree were displaced from their ancestral home and Salisbury's social impact studies were evidence that their hunting way of life was harmed by the flooding of rivers in their territory.
The winner of each award is also invited to present their preliminary findings to the annual meeting of the Canadian Anthropology Society/Société Canadienne d’Anthropologie.
Awarded annually by the McGill Faculty of Arts Scholarships Committee on the recommendation of the Department of Anthropology to a graduating or continuing Anthropology student who presents the best honours thesis or another research paper of comparable magnitude.
An exploration of the common stigma in Asian families against expressing emotional vulnerability, the film centres on interviews Nguyen conducted with her family, played back around the dinner table at a family gathering.
Tadeusz Szeligowski Poznań Philharmonic is a regional cultural institution founded in 1947 on the initiative of Tadeusz Szeligowski as the State Philharmonic in Poznań; one of the two philharmonics in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship.
The concert hall of the Philharmonic is the Hall of the Adam Mickiewicz University, considered to be one of the best in terms of acoustics in Poland.
Over the years, the philharmonic orchestra has been led by Jerzy Katlewicz, Robert Satanowski, Witold Krzemieński, Zdzisław Szostak, Renard Czajkowski, Wojciech Rajski, Wojciech Michniewski, Andrzej Borejko, Mirosław Jacek Błaszczyk, José Maria Florêncio, Grzegorz Nowak.
The ensemble performed with many outstanding conductors and soloists, among others: Hermann Abendroth, Stanisław Skrowaczewski, Roberto Benzi, Carlo Zecchi and Artur Rubinstein, Mstisław Rostropowicz, Martha Argerich, Henryk Szeryng, Dawid Ojstrach, Światosław Richter, Malcolm Frager, Monique Haas, Jean Fournier, Narciso Yepes, Gidon Kremer, Maurizio Pollini, Krystian Zimerman, Garrick Ohlsson, Stefania Toczyska, Ewa Podleś, Joanna Kozłowska, Ryszard Karczykowski, Wiesław Ochman, Wojciech Drabowicz, Robert McDuffie, Nikolaj Znaider.
DePaço chose to refuse his stipend from the Portuguese Government and instead funds the consulate entirely, as a gift to the Portuguese people.
At the 2017 celebrations, the consul raised the Portuguese flag at a government building, for the first time in the history of Florida.
In 2017, the consulate received the first official visit of the Portuguese Ambassador in Washington, Domingos Fezas Vital, as well as a visit from parliamentarian Teresa Morais, former Minister of Culture.
In 2018, Honorary Consul Caesar DePaço was honored by Rick Scott, then-Governor of Florida, for his work with the Portuguese communities of Florida.
The consul met with Carlos A. Giménez, Mayor of Miami-Dade, in 2018, as part of the consulate's outreach with the communities in the state of Florida.
Established in 1815 by the Limentani family, Boccione is best known for its cherry and ricotta tart and Pizza Ebraica, a sweet bread filled with toasted almonds, candied ginger, marzipan, pine nuts, maraschino cherries and raisins.
As in the past many candidates stood without party affiliations although an increased number of Labour candidates contested the industrial wards but the party lost ground following the party's defeat at a national level at the 1924 General Election.
In addition, three Guardians were elected to represent the Ammanford Urban District and another three to represent the Cwmamman Urban District, both of which also lay within the remit of the Llandeilo Guardians.
Elected candidates at both Ammanford and Cwmamman stood specifically as Liberals, in contrast to the non-political nature of previous Guardians elections.
The 2020 Sin Piedad will be the 15th event under the Sin Piedad name and the fifth year in a row CMLL has held the show on New Year's Day.
On the undercard Príncipe Diamante defeated Espíritu Negro, after which Espíritu Negro was forced to unmask and reveal his real name, Juan Manuel González Olalde, in front of the Arena México crowd.
CMLL has on occasion used a different name for the end-of-year show but Sin Piedad is the most commonly used name.
The 2018 Sin Piedad was the third first show to be held on New Year's Day after being held on the same day in 2016 and 2017.
Starting in 2011 CMLL has been promoting a New Year's Day show with bigger, more prominent and promoted matches, although they did not specifically promote the shows under a special event name, they were simply a special version of their weekly Arena Mexico shows.
Starting in 2011 CMLL added at least one high profile match to their shows, slowly building them into a special event.
The main event of the 2012 was the finals of a tournament for the vacant CMLL World Heavyweight Championship which was El Terrible defeat Rush 17th heavyweight champion.
The 2013 start of the year show was highlighted first by then CMLL World Welterweight Champion Pólvora successfully defending against Titán and then the team of Boby Zavala and Disturbio defaeted Leono and Tigre Blanco, forcing Leono and Blanco to have their hair shaved off as a result.
The 2014 show, the last January 1 show without a specific title saw Super Halcón Jr. win that year's La Copa Junior tournament.
The 2-31 was not intended to be a motor glider, but rather a light aircraft utilizing some glider and sailplane technologies, common parts with other Schweizer designs and an affordable price as a result of using smaller powerplants.
It was developed from the SA 1-30 on the assumption that there would be more of a market for a two-seat aircraft.
The prototype first flew in July 1960, but the type was not put into production because it was thought that the cost of setting up a production line would be too great to compete with other two-seat aircraft available at the time.
Cofavic is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that works for the protection and promotion of human rights, independent of any partisan and religious doctrine or institution; it is a non-profit civil association.
Potamon (around 65 BC–around AD 25) was a rhetorician in the Greek city of Mytilene who was active around the same time of Lesbocles.
When his son was killed, according to Seneca the Elder, he delivered a speech on the suasoria relating to the Spartans deliberating whether to flee Thermopylae wherein he exhorted the Spartans against flight, in contrast to his rival Lesbocles, who shut down his school of rhetoric after the death of his son.
Aïcha Ben Abed (alternatively Aïcha Ben Abed-Ben Khedher ) is an archaeologist and Director of Monuments and Sites at the Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunisia.
Abed has held a number of positions during her career, including as from 1986 to 1991 as Director of the Bardo Museum in Tunis.
She is a specialist in Roman mosaics, particularly in Tunisia and was the first person to study the conservation of re-buried mosaics.
Abed is working with international partners to secure the future and safety of Tunisia's important mosaics, whilst recognising the differences in resourcing that lie between the western museum world and the Mediterranean.
Abed has spent her career encouraging the study of mosaics in Tunisia and has written widely on their history and conservation.
She has worked on the Roman remains at Pupput, with an emphasis on how homes and other domestic spaces were organised.
She has worked on the Roman spa complex at Djebel Oust, studying its origins, as well as the mosaics that were built there.
In 1983, she earned her doctorate in musical composition from the University of Michigan (UM) where she had studied with Leslie Bassett, William Bolcom and Eugene Kurtz.
They are often referred to as export ware and became popular due to their kaolin-type clay that was difficult to replicate.
Tradeware ceramics are named by their place of manufacture, individually by various popular terms and the period in which they were produced.
Jingdezhen, a hub for Chinese ceramic production in Jiangxi, was a main source of high quality porcelain that dominated the international market.
By the end of the fourteenth century, primary production sites in Jingdazhen shifted from bluish-white colored wares to predominantly blue-and-white porcelain.
Exported products proved to be more profitable than domestic products; because of this, Kraak ware is typically of higher quality than that of wares traded within local markets.
Only a small amount of wares could be fired per round and at a slower rate, which resulted in the highest quality wares with smooth glazes and translucent white color.
In addition, the Jingdezhen potters implemented a multitude of measures to inhibit sand and other debris from the floor from adhering to the firing vessel.
In the sixteenth century, the seaport of Yuegang in the Zhangzhou region prospered as it took part in the expanding international maritime trade.
A predominant portion of the ships leaving the Yuegang port were headed towards the Philippines on a journey that only took fifteen to twenty days.
The Yuegang seaport soon shifted to the forefront of international maritime trade, and as a result, export-driven businesses that focused on silk and ceramics were multiplying all throughout Zhangzhou at an exponential rate.
By the end of the sixteenth century, the Zhangzhou products still proved to be extremely valuable in an international market that was customarily overshadowed by suppliers with Jingdezhen products.
European traders generally bought lesser quality Zhangzhou wares as financial capital for products and services offered by indigenous groups, whereas they typically used the refined Jingdezhen wares for their own European local markets (and the elites that live there).
As a result, the study of Zhangzhou porcelain has broader implications such that it can point to interactions between colonizers and the colonized since archaeologists often find porcelain that originated from Zhangzhou in diverse archaeological contexts that range from California to South Africa.
As newly discovered trade routes enabled for the expansion of international trade, the ceramic production in Zhangzhou increased in order to maximize profits.
This is due to the applied shortcut version of firing the wares in large step-chamber kilns which, in turn, compromised the quality in order to save time and produce a high volume of wares.
The age of tradeware ceramics are divided into two main periods based on Spanish contact with the Philippines: Pre-Spanish arrival and Post-Spanish arrival.
In the Late Ming period, 69% of all tradeware ceramics discovered in burial cites and caves are Zhangzhou ware and 31% are Jingdezhen ware.
In order to compare the quality of different types of porcelain across varying eras found at different production sites, a classification system produced by Li Min (2013) is often used.
It comprises five different types and has enabled archaeologists to analyze the broad trends in porcelain utilization within the local societies.
Since the body is composed of fine-grained kaolin clay, the body has an even, polished texture and looks white translucent in color.
Most Type I porcelain have a high probability of originating from the production site of Jingdezhen, the epicenter of the Chinese ceramic industry in Jiangxi.
Most importantly, Jingdezhen was a site that produced relatively higher quality of wares compared to that of the lackluster, poor quality Zhangzhou wares.
This is due to the fact that the Jingdezhen site utilized the local technological tradition of small gourd-shaped kilns that fired a low quantity of wares per round.
Porcelain classified as Type II have a glaze that is a hazy off-white color and not as translucent in comparison to Type I wares.
At first glance, Li Min (2013) has described the appearance as a hybrid of a gray colored porcelain-stoneware with a hazy glaze.
Although the porcelain is constructed with somewhat subpar quality, it is still considered to be of higher refinement than those wares that were mass-produced and, thus, were of lower quality.
The majority of wares that belong to the classification types III-V have a high association to the production site at Zhangzhou.
Maritime traders that wanted to profit off of the expanding global trade of the sixteenth century generated export-driven factories in Zhangzhou.
These sites made massive quantities of relatively inferior quality wares that duplicated the external appearance of Jingdezhen wares; oftentimes in literature, these Zhangzhou wares are referred to as Swatow wares by archaeologists.
To expedite the rate of production, an alteration of the traditional technology traditions was made, in which Zhangzhou production sites utilized large step-chamber kilns that enabled a higher volume of wares to be generated.
While the European traders preferred the highest quality wares from Jingdezhen for their local European markets, they often used the unrefined wares from Zhangzhou as a method of payment for a variety of goods and services accepted from native groups of people with whom they came into contact with as they traveled across countries.
Type III and Type IV generally have the similar same external appearance, but the degree of substandard quality present within Type IV is more extreme.
Porcelain classified as Type V were typically not traded on the market considering the fact that the unsophisticated outer appearance did not warrant any interested buyers on the market.
Before these wares were placed in the kiln to fire, the clay material was not compacted or purified, which led to the coarse texture of these dilapidated wares.
The leading scholars in this region were Olov Janse who started excavating prehispanic Calatagan burials during the 1940s and Robert Fox led his excavations from 1958 through the 1960s.
Furthermore, the majority of tradeware porcelain plates had solar designs or bird motifs that were placed over the pelvis in burials.
For example, a Karitunan adult (KR-50) in Calatagan was buried with several grave goods in addition to a blue-and-white porcelain plate over the pelvis with chrysanthemum design.
The tradeware ceramics in the grave of KR-50 had a gold ring, blade, solar motifs, and a stone charm to indicate this individual's participation in raiding and trading.
51 adults were buried at this site and an infant was interred in a Chinese brown-glazed Ming jar that dates back to the late thirteenth-early fourteenth century.
In the Tanjay region, chiefs from upland communities were in charge of redistribution of prestige or foreign goods and glazed Asian tradeware had restricted distribution.
Thus, prior to colonialism in the Philippines, tradeware ceramics were a marker of social status and were passed down to the next generation as discussed in the Balingasay, Bolinao case study.
This research revealed that upland communities in Ifugao used tradeware ceramics for rice wine production and these vessels were only accessible to the elites who controlled wet rice cultivation.
Furthermore, rice was viewed as a prestige good and was redistributed by elites in feasting rituals to form alliances with lowlanders.
Thus, rice was not viewed as a monetary form of currency in Ifugao but rather as an active participant in ritual practices.
Porcelain served as symbols of political influence, as they were not only used in ritualized feasts associated with life crises and calendrical events, but also negotiation incentives amongst polities.
A study in Tanjay, Negros, Philippines demonstrated that the immense quantity of foreign porcelains in burials and settlements increased significantly from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries.
Prior to the fifteenth century (and the introduction of the Manila Galleon trade), the high-quality exported porcelain were predominantly limited to high-ranking elites and chiefs.
The importance of competitive feasting in chiefly polities and status competition can be seen through the decrease in quality of porcelain (from more diverse to less diverse vessels), in which large inventories of less attractive porcelain (lower quality) were intended for a growing market of lower social class.
Once the Manila Galleon trade was in full effect, the quality in porcelain starts to decrease dramatically, ultimately leading to porcelain tradewares becoming more accessible to lower class communities.
The large influx of several competing porcelain producers (of varying quality) from China resulted from the placement of high value on foreign porcelain in Philippine political economies.
She was elected to the second Constituent Assembly from CPN UML under the first-past-the-post system, from Udayapur-2 constituency, in the 2013 election, defeating her nearest rival, Pramila Rai of Nepali Congress, by a margin of 23 votes.
Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne defeated May Blick and Kath Woodward 6–2, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.
The State of Jefferson Stories are a series of short stories by Harry Turtledove, published in between May and June, 2016 as well as January 2019.
The stories are light alternate history tales set in a world where sasquatches, Yetis and other similar related cryptids are real.
However, unlike common popular depictions of such creatures as less evolved primates, they are essentially another race of human beings, and have been integrated into human society.
Moreover, in 1919, several counties in northern California and southern Oregon seceded from their respective states and formed the new U.S. state of Jefferson.
This is the relevant Point of Divergence, as the existence of cryptid hominds did not affect the broader strokes of world history.
Even after 1919, history does not differ appreciably from real life; aside from the aforementioned map redrawing, the lives of a few historical individuals seem to be the only things altered in this timeline.
Both are slight vignettes focused more on world building, giving the reader insight into the culture and politics of Jefferson and its sasquatch governor.
He went on to study fashion at Traphagen School of Fashion in New York City, graduating in 1945 in Costume Design and Sketching.
He moved to Paris and studied at School Of Chambre Syndicale De La Couture Parisienne (École de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne) which is part of Fédération Française de la Couture.
He eventually moved back to New York City and worked with Cuddlecoat New York and with the Jones Apparel Group, where he designed the Christian Dior Designer Sportswear Collection and the Jones New York line of women's apparel.
He died March 12, 2013 at the age of 83, in Shreveport, Louisiana and was laid to rest in Northwest Louisiana Veteran's Cemetery in Keithville, Louisiana.
Mostly wordless apart from a brief introductory narration by Anderson, the film metaphorically explores his fears and insecurities about dating as a gay man through the depiction of a large penis flying alone through space until meeting another penis and docking with it.
Anderson has described the film as an attempt to push the boundaries of non-fiction filmmaking, by reducing the element of personal essay and increasing the element of cinematic fantasia; however, he has also acknowledged that he had some difficulty convincing arts funders that the film was meant as a serious artistic statement and not just a five-minute dick joke.
In December 2019, the film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films.
Fati N'Zi-Hassane is the Head of Skills and Employment for Youth Programme of the African Union Development Agency (AUDA/NEPAD) at New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD).
Currently serving in Midrand, South Africa at the NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency as the head of the Human Capital Development Programme.
Her areas of focus include; skills development (with a special focus on technical and vocational training), issues of employment and the component of gender.
Prior to joining NEPAD in 2016, Fati has worked in several European countries as a management consultant and a programme manager since 2006.
Swain was born in 1804 and was the son of Joshua Swain, who served at the 1844 New Jersey constitutional convention.
The younger Joshua Swain was commissioned as a captain of the fourth company of the First Battalion on May 22, 1823.
He was chosen as clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders in Cape May County in 1831 and served in this capacity for the rest of his life.
He hired William G. Cook, an engineer for the Camden-Amboy Railroad, to survey the county looking for a route for the railway.
Dr. Edmund Levi Bull Wales was appointed judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals in the wake of Swain's death.
In May 2017, the company raised $25 million in a Series A led by venture capital firm Accel, formerly Accel Partners, along with venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz and GSR Ventures.
By February 2018, Bloomberg reported that the company announced it was working with the Ford Motor Company and China’s SAIC Motor Corp.
In November, the company raised $60 million with a Series B, with returning investors along with German industrial firm Bosch's Robert Bosch Venture Capital, and US chipmaker Nvidia's GPU Ventures.
In December, the company announced deals with San Francisco-based mobility platform provider Ridecell and Sweden-based transportation company Einride to integrate DeepMap's HD maps with their autonomous fleets.
In February 2019, the NY Times reported that research firm CB Insights included DeepMap on its list of companies on track for a $1 billion 'unicorn' valuation.
By identifying the environment, including the locations of lanes and obstructions, robot drivers can localize their own and other vehicles’ positions in real time.
The company provides hardware tools, software solutions and field data collection functions to allow customers to transfer their own fleet data into their own personalized HD maps.
The maps are integrated with other parts of a vehicle's self-driving system, handling large amounts of HD data while communicating between the vehicle and the cloud.
It was named Fable by the first ascent party in reference to a story about heavy bush causing a prior attempt to fail, which they considered a fable.
On 7 November 2018, after graduating from Rochdale's academy, Hopper made his debut for the club in a 2–2 EFL Trophy draw against Leicester City U21.
The 2020 European Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place from 22 to 26 January 2020 in Dornbirn, Austria.
Organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), it was the ninth ranking event of the 2019–20 season, following the 2019 UK Championship, and preceding the 2020 German Masters.
Jimmy Robertson was the defending champion after defeating Joe Perry 9–6 in the 2018 final, but he lost 3–5 to Martin O'Donnell in the first qualifying round.
The 2020 European Masters was a professional snooker tournament held at the Messe Dornbirn in Dornbirn, Austria between 22 to 26 January 2020.
This was the 2st edition of the European Masters tournament, the first having been held in 1989 as the 1989 European Open.
It was the ninth ranking event of the 2019-20 snooker season following the 2019 UK Championship and preceding the 2019 German Masters.
The event featured 32 participants from the World Snooker Tour with two qualifying rounds which took place from 17 to 19 December 2019 in Barnsley, England.
The tournament began with a two-round qualification process held in the Barnsley Metrodome, Barnsley, England between 17 to 19 December 2019.
The defending champion was Jimmy Robertson, who won his first ranking event in the 2018 final, where he defeated Joe Perry in the final 9–6.
Both Robertson and Perry, however lost in the opening qualifying round for the 2020 event to Martin O'Donnell and Tian Pengfei respectively.
World number 10 Shaun Murphy was also defeated 2–5 to Alfie Burden and world number 14 Jack Lisowski was defeated on a to Jackson Page.
The quarter-finals saw 2020 Masters finalist Ali Carter defeat Donaldson 5–1, Barry Hawkins be defeated by Zhou Yuelong 2–5, Gary Wilson defeat Marco Fu 5–3 and Neil Robertson defeat 5–1, with Robertson scoring three century breaks.
The match was the first ranking event final for Zhou, and the first time since the 2017 Scottish Open to be contested by two players not from the United Kingdom.
On the resumption of the match, Zhou went on the final , allowing Robertson to win frame nine and complete a 9–0 victory.
As professor of neurobiology at Cornell University, she developed quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography as a means to investigate the neuromuscular junction.
She was an undergraduate student at Hunter College, where she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and graduated Suma cum laude.
She spent a year at the Australian National University before returning to Cornell University as a postdoctoral fellow with Marcus Singer.
Neurobiology was an emerging field at the start of Salpeter's research career, and she decided to concentrate her efforts on the neuromuscular junction.
The neuromuscular junction is a synapse that controls all voluntary movement, the formation of which was extensively investigated by Salpeter throughout her research career.
Salpeter struggled to secure a faculty position at Cornell University – Singer, her biggest advocate in the department, moved to Case Western Reserve University, and the academic community were not welcoming to women.
In December 1931, he was promoted to Lieutenant Junior Grade and was selected for a navy pilot training program at Kasumigaura Training Naval Air Station (NAS), from which he graduated in 1932.
He led Aichi D3A dive bombers during the Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and during the Indian Ocean Raid in April.
In May 1942, Lieutenant Commander Takahashi participated in Operation MO to capture Port Moresby, which resulted in the Battle of the Coral Sea.
Rear Admiral Chuichi Hara, the tactical commander of carrier division, launched a strike force of 36 Aichi D3A dive bombers, 24 Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and 18 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters that was led by Lieutenant Commander Takahashi.
Unsure about the conflicting in information from the sightings and unwilling the break the radio silence that would reveal the presence of his fleet, Hara did not recall the strike force.
Upon arrival to the area of the sighting at 1115, they could only find an oiler and a destroyer and spent couple of hours searching for the carriers.
After returning to the carriers, Lieutenant Commander Takahashi led the late afternoon strike to attack USN carriers, which consisted of 12 Aichi D3A dive bombers and 15 Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers.
Since landings were to be done during the night, only veteran pilots were selected (including Lieutenant Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki and Lieutenant Tamotsu Ema).
However, when they passed they were detected by the enemy radar and USN sent Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters led by Lieutenant Commanders Paul Ramsey and James Flatley to intercept.
The rest of the strike force continued the search but could not find anything so they jettisoned their bombs and torpedoes and headed back to IJN carriers.
However, none were lost and the remaining 12 dive bombers and three torpedo bombers returned and successfully landed on IJN carriers during the night-time.
Lieutenant Commander Takahashi led a strike force of 33 Aichi D3A dive bombers, 18 Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and 18 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters.
Takahashi stayed in the area for some time to estimate the damage inflicted on USN carriers and radioed the reports back to IJN carriers.
He was posthumously promoted by two ranks to Captain and on 1 January 1943 received a special letter of commendation issued by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.
At this concert, Jerry Garcia (electric guitar, vocals) and Merl Saunders (keyboards, vocals) were accompanied by their usual rhythm section of John Kahn (bass guitar) and Bill Vitt (drums).
I Am in the World as Free and Slender as a Deer on a Plain is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Sofia Banzhaf and released in 2019.
The film stars Micaela Robertson as an unnamed young woman navigating contemporary millennial dating culture through a series of dates and sexual hookups.
The Adana Agreement was an agreement made between Turkey and Syria in 1998 regarding the expulsion of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) from Syria.
Syria and Turkey had long had a strained relationship, owing to historical Syrian claims on the Hatay Province, water disputes over the flow of the Tigris–Euphrates river system and the two nations' opposite alignments within the context of the Cold War, as Turkey had joined NATO, while Syria grew close to the Soviet Union.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Syria–Turkey relations became even more strained as Syria had permitted both the establishment of PKK camps within its territory, as well as allowed its leader, Abdullah Öcalan, to reside within the country.
The PKK sought to establish an independent Kurdistan, which included areas held by Turkey and to this end fought in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict against the Turkish government.
As part of this campaign, Turkey threatened Syria with a ground invasion, should Syria not expel the group from its territory and hand over Ocalan to Turkish authorities.
Syria initially rejected Turkish demands, but after considerable negotiations decided to partially agree to the end of the PKK's presense in Syria.
In the runup to the agreement, the Syrian government made Ocalan leave the country, rather than hand him over to Turkish authorities, as per Turkish demands.
Following Ocalan's departure, Syria shut down PKK camps within its territory and arrested some PKK members which still had not left the country.
The Adana Agreement held until 2011, when overt Turkish support for the Syrian opposition in the context of the Syrian Civil War ended all goodwill between the two countries and the Syrian Government once again started supporting Kurdish groups as a counterweight to Turkish efforts in Syria.
She studied at the Faculty of Medicine of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and was secretary general of the Panhellenic Pharmaceutical Association and vice president of the Panhellenic Association of Pharmacists.
Pramila Rai (, born 12 May 1963) is a Nepali politician and an incumbent member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
Daughter of prominent Nepali Congress leader Bal Bahadur Rai, she joined politics as a student, as a member of the student wing of Nepali Congress.
Both her elections to the constituent assembly in 2008 and to the House of Representatives in 2017 were under the proportional representation system.
An influential party leader in Udayapur District, she contested the second constituent assembly election from Udayapur-2 constituency under the first-past-the-post system but was defeated.
Rai was born on 12 May 1963 in Moli, Okhaldhunga to senior Nepali Congress leader, Late Bal Bahadur Rai, and his wife Padam Shova Rai.
She has also been affiliated with two other sister wings of the party, namely, Nepal Women's Association and Nepal Trade Union Congress.
Rai was elected to the first Constituent Assembly in 2008 from Nepali Congress under the proportional representation system, representing Udayapur District.
Rai was a candidate for Nepali Congress under the first-past-the-post system in the 2013 Constituent Assembly Election, contesting the Udayapur-2 constituency.
Party leaders from district to the ward level in the constituency were dismissed for treason against the party in the aftermath of the loss.
In the 2017 federal election, Rai was elected to the House of Representatives from Nepali Congress under the proportional representation system representing Udayapur District.
She is also a member of the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation in the shadow cabinet of the main opposition, Nepali Congress.
Rai considers the citizenship laws in the country discriminatory against women and has vowed to push amendments for complete gender equality in the citizenship-related provisions.
Tom Elliott Klose (22 January 1918 – 13 June 1986) was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia between 1939 and 1950.
A middle-order batsman, left-arm orthodox spin or medium-pace bowler and brilliant fieldsman, Tom Klose was considered one of Australia's most promising young cricketers immediately before World War II.
In his debut first-class season of 1939-40 he made 305 runs at an average of 23.46, took 18 wickets at 16.88, and took 10 catches.
He retained his fielding skill, however: playing for Prospect in the 1948-49 Adelaide season, he won the competition fielding prize with 62 points, well ahead of the second-placed player, Neil Dansie, on 39.
This lake apparently has no public swimming areas or but it has a public boat ramp on the southwest side of Frostproof.
The men's tournament of Ice hockey at the 2007 Asian Winter Games at Changchun, China, was held from 26 January to 3 February 2007.
Alfred Jacoby (born 1950) is a German architect and architectural lecturer, principally known for his output of synagogues in post-war Germany, development of a modern Jewish religious architectural vernacular, his teaching positions as a lecturer and professor of architecture, and his active architectural practice in Frankfurt am Main.
Jacoby was born in Offenbach, in 1950, to a Polish father, and was educated at the University of Cambridge and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule.
Credited with being the first postwar architect in Germany to develop a distinctive Jewish vernacular for synagogue buildings, he is recognised as Germany's leading synagogue architect.
Jacoby was Director of the Dessau Institute of Architecture at the Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bauhaus Dessau, from 2000 until 2017.
Marcus Wyatt (born Honiton, Devon, Great Britain) is s British skeleton racer who represents the United Kingdom in the Mens Singles event in the Skeleton World Cup.
Throat Singing in Kangirsuk (Katatjatuuk Kangirsumi) is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Eva Kaukai and Manon Chamberland and released in 2019.
The film depicts Kaukai and Chamberland, two Inuit teenagers from Kangirsuk, Quebec, performing Inuit throat singing over scenes of the changing seasonal landscape in the community.
Following the screening, the duo performed a live demonstration of throat singing, their first time ever performing music outside their own community.
In December 2019, the film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films.
He was a member of parliament for the Wassaw Central constituency from 1954 to 1965 and the member of parliament for the Prestea constituency from 1965 until 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown.
The special episode, published on Netflix separate to the series as a short film, was released on November 1 2019, or Día de los muertos.
Anna Ziegler ( Strauß, 10 June 1882 – 27 December 1942) was a German politician, and a member of the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic.
Situated southwest of Revelstoke and west of the Columbia River and Upper Arrow Lake, this peak is visible from Revelstoke, the Trans-Canada Highway, and Revelstoke Mountain Resort ski area.
Mount Macpherson was named for Sir David Lewis Macpherson (1818-1896)), a Canadian businessman, member of the Senate of Canada, and Minister of the Interior.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Macpherson is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.
On 4 May 2019, Bradley made his debut, as a substitute, for Rochdale in a 4–0 EFL League One defeat against Charlton Athletic.
Fisher was a walk-on at the University of Montana's NCAA Division 1 tennis team, which she played during her freshman year.
While driving with her friend back to school for their sophomore year on June 30, 2002, they were both injured in a car accident.
After being pulled out of the car by a witness, Fisher's left leg was amputated; her friend died due to her injuries.
Less than a year after the accident, Fisher returned to the University of Montana and competed in a triathlon following a second leg surgery.
In 2010, Fisher competed in the TRI-5 classification and won the International Triathlon Union Paratriathlon World Championship in Budapest, Hungary, and won the 2010 USA Paratriathlon National Championship in the TRI-5 division.
Prior to leaving for the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Fisher began studying for her doctorate in physical therapy at the University of Washington.
As a result of winning the 2013 ITU Paratriathlon World Championships, her third world championship title, Fisher was honored by the United States Olympic Committee as USOC Athlete of the Month.
In 2016, Fisher was selected to compete with Team USA at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, where she won a silver medal after losing to teammate Shawn Morelli in the C4 road timed trial.
The women's tournament of Ice hockey at the 2007 Asian Winter Games at Changchun, China, was held from 28 January to 3 February 2007.
Gestalt is the overall effect of a composition, stemming from the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts.
A map’s visual hierarchy (the elements that stand out the most) should match its intellectual hierarchy (the most important parts of the map).
The title should be an important part of the layout's visual hierarchy because the title tells people what the map is about.
Scale is important to include on a map because it explains the size relationship between map features and the real world.
For example, a locator map can be used to show where the map’s area of interest is in a larger context or to zoom in on an area of the main map.
Inset maps may also show non-contiguous areas of the main map, like Alaska and Hawaii in a map of the United States.
This allows for data to be included in the layout that is not appropriate for a map or difficult to achieve in a map such as change over time.
It can offer a photo view of the area modeled in the map so that a reader can see the location looks like.
Players are thus given a classification within level k based on the level of sophistication that a player ascribes to the other competitors.
This pattern continues for higher-level players, but each player has only a finite depth of reasoning, meaning that individual players have a limit to the depth to which they can reason strategically.
One of these heuristics, in the present context, is an iterative model, where an individual begins with a naive belief, computes the best response to that belief, the best response to that best response, and so on.
This slightly more sophisticated (the level one) player believes that the other players will act non-strategically; his or her action will be the best response consistent with those first-order beliefs.
This pattern continues for higher-level players, but each player has only a finite depth of reasoning, meaning that individual players have a limit to the depth to which they can reason strategically.
Nagel [1995] found that the largest modes were at level-1 and level-2 choices, with a much smaller mode at level-3 and very little past that.
A mixture model is an econometric approach wherein sub-populations exist representing each type, and these subpopulations can be identified in some proportions.
Level-k theory assumes that players in strategic games base their decisions on their predictions about the likely actions of other players.
In its basic form, level-k theory implies that each player believes that he or she is the most sophisticated person in the game.
The degree and pattern of deviation from their prescribed choices determines the classification of a player as one type or another.
Alternative behavioral econometric models for the characterization of player heterogeneity, both between and within subpopulations of players, include using a model of computational errors and the allowing for diversity in prior beliefs around a modal prior for the subpopulation.
McIlraith worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Xerox PARC and as a research scientist at Stanford University before returning to the University of Toronto as a faculty member in 2004.
She served as program co-chair for the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Conference in 2018, and is past program co-chair of the 13th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2012) and the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) in 2004.
Kiing Shooter first came into the public eye alongside NYC rapper and longtime friend Dave East, who signed the artist in 2017.
Kiing Shooter is a long-time friend of rapper Dave East and has always been around the mainstream artist when touring and performing, although he never took an interest in taking rapping seriously until 2017.
His artistry has been compared to rappers such as Jay Critch, Dave East, and Don Q and he is known for his aggressive style of rap.
Under the leadership of captain Sharad Vesawkar, they reached the finals of the 2018 edition of the league which they lost to Lalitpur Patriots by 14 runs.
They won the 2018 edition of the league defeating Bhairahawa Gladiators by 14 runs, under the leadership of captain Gyanendra Malla.
Unabridged has an unparalleled sale book section, and an award-winning children's section, an extensive travel room, and offers a great selection of fiction and poetry.
For more than 35 years, Unabridged Bookstore has also been Chicago's premier go-to-bookstore for LGBTQ literature and one of the coolest indie bookstores in the United States.
Ramos served in the Obama administration, including working for both President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden, and served as Deputy Director of Hispanic Media for the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign.
She currently serves as an on-air contributor to Telemundo and MSNBC and also serves as speaker for Lesbians Who Tech + Allies.
It is owned by the IDS Group Pvt Ltd. National players like Dipendra Singh Airee, Dilip Nath and Lalit Singha Bhandari as well as international players like Paul Stirling of Ireland and former U-19 captain of the England Cricket Team, Max Holden, have been part of the team, while Subash Khakurel was the manager, .
Due to its proximity to the city of Calgary the hike up the south side is heavily trafficked, and sees use every month of the year.
Coombs was born in New Windsor, England or Marlborough, Wiltshire, the son of an ironmonger or a banker, and early attracted to the church.
Following an appeal from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1846, Woodcock and James Pollitt left for missionary service in Australia.
In 1846 Coombs had just begun his church career as curate of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square, London, when he was approached by the S.P.G.
Arriving in Sydney, he was licensed by Bishop Broughton of Sydney, and traveled on to Adelaide, arriving on 14 November and attended St John's Church the following day and Trinity Church the next week.
His church, St George's is one of the oldest in the diocese, the first building having been consecrated on 21 March 1848 by Short.
On 29 June that year, in the first such ceremony in South Australia, he was ordained priest by Bishop Short at Trinity Church.
The foundation stone of what would be the first Anglican church north of Adelaide was laid on 4 March 1847 by Governor Robe, and on 28 March 1848 the building was consecrated by Bishop Short.
There were problems with the building's construction, and in any case the congregation had outgrown it, and a replacement became imperative.
The foundation stone was laid on 6 January 1858 but the bishop refused consecration of the building due to the trust-deed, which gave church trustees veto power over management decisions, where the Model Trust Deed vested decision-making in congregation and synod.
The transept, which had been provided for by Hamilton, had its foundation stone laid on 4 December 1884, and the building was consecrated on 23 April 1895 by Bishop Kennion.
gentleman was possessed of a good deal of native dignity and culture, was thoroughly devoted to his Church, and was loved by those who were associated with him.
He died suddenly, having conducted the Sunday service then fallen ill on the Tuesday, and died in the night with the doctor in attendance, heart failure and bronchitis having been the diagnosis.
The east window, a lead-glass work depicting the Ascension by Herbert M. Smyrk at the Gawler studio of E. F. Troy and unveiled on 4 May 1898, was dedicated to his memory.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Sydney Coliseum Theatre is a multi-mode lyric theatre designed by award-winning architects, Cox Architecture, and the first of its kind in the rapidly growing region of Greater Western Sydney.
Located within West HQ – Sydney’s leading landmark destination for entertainment, fitness, lifestyle, and accommodation – the Sydney Coliseum Theatre features a 2,000-seat auditorium and can accommodate theatrical performances, corporate events, conferences and more.
A multi-year journey in development, the theatre officially opened on 21 December 2019 with Grammy and ARIA award-winning artist Keith Urban performing, following a star line up of unique performances from David Campbell in collaboration with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Dame Edna Everage, award-winning performer Tina Arena, and talented musician John Butler.
The parents of his parents were born in the Russian Empire, and immigrated to Israel in the second and third Aliyah.
After a year of service in the Israeli youth group Noar HaOved (the working youth) in Sderot in 1978 he enlisted in the IDF.
In 1986, he continued his studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill under the guidance of Prof. Amnon Rapoport [1] and Prof. Tom Wolsten [2].
In 1990 he completed his third degree in quantitative psychology, and received a position of lecturer from the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and management at the Technion.
Since 2004, he has served as a full professor at the Technion and as of 2006 has been a member of the Technion Women's chair in the United States.
At the Technion, he also served as head of the behavioral science area, as the dean in charge of an MBA start-up program, head of the Minerva Center for the Study of cognitive processes, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Center for the empirical research of decision-making and trial.
His student list includes: Prof. Yoalla Barbie-Mayer, Prof. Racheli Barkan, Dr. Amos Shor, Prof. Eyal Art, Prof. Eldad Yechiam (Technion), Dr. Kinneret (Technion), Dr. Uri Plonski (Technion), Dr. Tali Reich (University of Haifa) , Dr. Sharon Gilat Yihya (Western Galilee), Dr.
His work with Nobel Laureate Alvin Roth has started a branch of behavioral economics focused on human learning in games and individual choice tasks.
Pushpa Bhusal Gautam is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
Guled Abdirizak Ahmed (born 12 May 1996) is a Somali footballer who plays as a left back for Croatian club and the Somalia national team.
On 7 December 2019, Ahmed made his debut for Somalia in a 0–0 draw against Djibouti in the 2019 CECAFA Cup.
Dr. Pushpa Kumari Karna Kayasta () is a Nepali communist politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
She represents Nepal Communist Party (NCP) in the parliament, where she is also a member of the Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee.
She was elected to parliament under the proportional representation system from CPN UML filling the reserved seat for women and Madhesi groups.
Howard was born on November 7, 1921, in Dora, Alabama, U.S., Howard was one of four children, Rusty, Bobby and Sam, who were both also in the Happy Goodman Family.
Howard began his career with his brothers, Sam and Rusty, performing Contemporary Christian and Southern gospel in the 1940s, followed by Vestal after getting married in 1949.
A regular in Leyton Orient's U18 side during the 2017–18 season, Kyprianou went on a month's work experience loan to Harlow Town in August 2018, making three appearances.
In March 2019, he signed on loan with National League South side Hampton & Richmond Borough, making one appearance, in the 3–1 league win at Billericay Town.
On 6 November, Kyprianou made his senior Orient debut in the EFL Trophy group stage match against Brighton U21, which Orient won on penalties after a 1–1 draw.
He also started the next match in the competition, the 1–1 draw in the second round at Bristol Rovers on 4 December, which Orient lost on penalties.
Identified by the distinctive development of stroma, this pathogen in itself is of little economic importance in the production of corn.
Symptoms have been recorded as early as V3, but are most commonly observed during R3-R6 on or below the ear leaves.
Given the polycyclic nature of this pathogen, as well as the ability to infect corn at any developmental stage, it is extremely hard to manage.
During 2015 and 2018 when there was a high incidence of tar spot, the weather was warmer with high humidity and precipitation frequency, possibly attributing to the increased number of cases reported.
Chemical control with one or two treatments of Fenpropimorph or Mancozeb applied every ten days were the most effective fungicides used in field trials.
Although no cultivars currently exist that are immune to this pathogen, CIMMYT has developed 14 inbred lines in Latin America that are highly resistant.
When surveyed by the University and DATCP, it was found that 33 counties had recorded cases, and 77 of 79 fields surveyed, or 97 percent, showed signs.
Tar spot causes low ear weight, vivipary, and poor kernel fill resulting in up to a 30 bushel loss per acre.
Jesse Genet is an American businesswoman who is the co-founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Lumi, a firm that produces packaging and other branded materials for ecommerce ventures.
When she was 15, her mother divorced her father and later married a technology entrepreneur whom Genet credits with shaping her changing worldview.
Despite failing to get a deal on the syndicated television series Shark Tank, Genet was able to finance her company's growth through Y Combinator.
The 2019 World Junior-B Curling Championships was held from December 11 to 18 at the Kisakallio Sports Institute in Lohja, Finland.
The West of Scotland Junior Challenge Cup is an annual Scottish football competition played in a one-leg knockout format (played at 'home' team grounds as drawn, until the final at a neutral venue), organised by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association.
The dispute was resolved in 1931, the rebel clubs rejoined the SJFA and the competitions were continued, with the Scottish Intermediate Cup re-designated the West of Scotland Cup, below the Scottish Cup in the hierarchy.
The format has remained almost unchanged since, with mergers in the leagues (Lanarkshire joining Central in 1968, and Central and Ayrshire merging as West Region in 2002) not affecting involvement in the West Cup.
The current (2019) holders are Beith Juniors who defeated Kirkintilloch Rob Roy in a Penalty shoot-out (association football) at the final played at Meadow Park in Irvine; Beith were also finalists in 2018, losing on penalties to Hurlford United at the same venue.
Richard E. Mannix (December 18, 1928 – July 11, 2011) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 91st district from 1973 to 1976.
Wayne Ernest Maunder (December 19, 1937 – November 11, 2018) was a Canadian-born American actor who starred in three American television series between 1967 and 1974.
From September 6 to December 27, 1967, Maunder starred as 28-year-old Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839–1876), during the time that Custer was stationed in the American West.
Maunder was born in Four Falls in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, but was reared, along with four siblings, in Bangor, the seat of Penobscot County, Maine, where he moved when he was four years old, and which he considered to be his hometown.
He attempted to enter Major League Baseball but failed in tryouts with the Milwaukee Braves, San Francisco Giants, and Pittsburgh Pirates.
He studied English literature plus drama at El Camino College Compton Center, then known as Compton Junior College in Compton, California.
He headed to Broadway and studied in 1961 under Stella Adler during the day and waited tables at Grand Central Station in the evenings.
Maunder returned to Los Angeles, where he secured his first screen role under his real name, as Lt. Col. Custer in the eponymous 20th Century Fox production.
In 2019, he worked as the Mariners director of hitting development and strategies on the major league coaching staff, working with hitters, hitting coaches, and analysts to optimize hitting development and performance.
On December 11, 2019, Lind was hired by the San Francisco Giants as their director of hitting and assistant hitting coach.
Instead he attended East Los Angeles College for one season, before transferring to Sacramento State for two seasons of college baseball.
In 2005 with the Tri-City Dust Devils of the Class A- Northwest League he was 4-1 with a 2.35 ERA in 21 games (7 starts).
In 2006 back with the Dust Devils he was 4-4 with a 2.15 ERA in 29 games (one start), and with the Asheville Tourists of the Class A South Atlantic League he was 2-0 with a 6.05 ERA in 11 relief appearances.
He split 2008 between the Dust Devils, for whom he was 0-0 with a 1.08 ERA in 8 relief appearances, and the Tourists, for whom he was 0-0 with a 3.00 ERA in 14 relief appearances.
He then played for the Victoria Seals of the Golden Baseball League in 2009, for whom he was 1-3 with a 6.75 ERA in 27 relief appearances.
Katz's first coaching position was as the pitching coach at Harvard-Westlake High School in North Hollywood, California, from September 2009 to July 2013, where he helped coach future major league pitchers Max Fried, Lucas Giolito, and Jack Flaherty.
He served as the pitching coach for the collegiate summer baseball league La Crosse Loggers of the Northwoods League for the 2011 and 2012 seasons.
He joined the Los Angeles Angels organization, and served as the pitching coach for the Arizona League Angels in 2013 and for the Class A Burlington Bees of the Class A Midwest League in 2014 and 2015.
Katz then spent the 2016 through 2018 seasons as a pitching coach in the Seattle Mariners organization, in 2016 for the Burlington Bees of the Class A+ California League, where he was named Coach of the Year, and in 2017-18 for the Arkansas Travelers of the Class AA Texas League.
He served as a coach for the Princeton Rays in the Appalachian League in 2015 and for the Hudson Valley Renegades in the New York-Penn League in 2016.
He started the 2017 season as the third base and catching coach of the Durham Bulls in the International League, before serving as the manager of Hudson Valley.
Bidya Bhattarai (also Bidhya Bhattarai) is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal.
She won the by-election of Kaski-2, a constituency that was made empty by the premature death of her husband, cabinet minister Rabindra Prasad Adhikari, in a helicopter crash in February 2019.
Grant Horton (born 13 September 2001) is an English footballer who currently plays for side Cheltenham Town, where he plays as a defender.
Grant made his EFL League Two debut for Cheltenham Town on 7 December 2019, coming on as a 93rd minute substitute for Sean Long in a 3-0 away win against Mansfield Town.
Grant played one game for Bromsgrove Sporting, which came in the FA Cup, in a 2-1 home victory against Leicester Road on 24 August 2019.
The International Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame (IPWHF) is an upcoming American professional wrestling hall of fame and museum that will be located in New York.
The museum was founded by Seth Turner, Tony Vellano, the founder of Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum, Michael Viscosi, Andrew Groff, Joe Defino, and Mike Lanuto on December 10, 2019.
Seth Turner was named the President of the IPWHF and Tony Vellano was named Vice President of Talent & Community Relations.
The launching of the IPWHF began after the New York State Board of Regents approved a provisional charter for the new hall.
Franyely Sarahí Rodríguez Itanare (born 21 September 1997) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Colombian club Atlético Bucaramanga.
In Illinois, however, the blooming period occurs during late summer to autumn, lasting around 1-3 weeks for one colony of plants.
Ram Kumari Chaudhary is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal, as well as the State Minister for Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives in the federal government.
She had previously contested the Second Constituent Assembly election in 2013 as a UCPN (Maoist) candidate from Sunsari-2 constituency, but was defeated.
He is one of Hong Kong's most well known hip hop artist and rapper with over 2 million streams on Spotify in more than 100 countries in 2019, one of the highest of any Hong Kong artists.
Key upgrades over the previous model include a display with a 120 Hz refresh rate and a 4-camera array that includes a 108 megapixel main camera sensor in a rectangular bump.
She is the former Chief Scientist for Cyber Security at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories, and is the director of research for the National Security Agency.
Prior to becoming the Director of Research, Frincke led global education and training for the agency as Associate Director for Education and Training (ADET).
While serving as ADET, Frincke also served as Commandant of National Cryptologic School, where she established the first NSA Cyber College and launched the GenCyber Program.
In these roles, she led a worldwide multiservice military and civilian, corporate-level learning organization while also providing executive steering of four Service schools and 20 satellite campuses across the global enterprise.
Before joining NSA in 2011, Frincke had a threefold career encompassing academia, Chief Scientist Cybersecurity for the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and launched a successful cybersecurity startup company.
Frincke was educated at the University of California, Davis, earning a bachelor's degree in computer science and mathematics in 1985, a master's degree in computer science in 1989, and a Ph.D. in computer science in 1992.
She became a professor of computer science at the University of Idaho before moving to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and then moving again in 2011 to the National Security Agency.
Frincke is the first female head of the research directorate at the agency, and has spoken out about the importance of diverse perspectives in computer security.
Léon Zadoc-Kahn (2 September 1870 - 23 November 1943) was a French doctor, the Chief Medical Officer of the , treasurer of the Curie Foundation and the Chair of the Central Committee of Keren haYesod, France.
During the time of Vichy France, he was arrested and transported with his wife from his homeland to Auschwitz Concentration Camp where they were killed.
He was one of six children of Ernestine Meyer and Zadoc Kahn, the Chief Rabbi of France; his sisters were Hélène, Anne and Berthe; his brothers were Paul and Edmond.
In 1899, he married Suzanne Esther Lang, who was born on 26 March 1876 in Paris to Fleurette Silz Lang and Ernest Lang, a textile manufacturer.
In 1923, his wife Suzanne co-founded the Jewish Women's Union for Palestine with feminist advocate Yvonne Netter; the Union later became the French section of the Women's International Zionist Organization.
Upon the defeat of France to Nazi forces in 1940, Zadoc-Kahn's son, Bertrand, a cardiologist at the American Hospital of Paris shot himself in despair.
The couple went into hiding in a village on the outskirts of Paris; their daughter, Jacqueline, was hidden by a catholic family.
The couple was discovered in a house at Marines, Seine et Oise, on 1 November 1943 by the French gendarmérie and taken away.
62, on 20 November, from Le Camp de Drancy (Drancy internment camp) to Auschwitz [most of the approximately 76,000 French Jews who were rounded up and sent to German concentration camps went through Drancy].
Born in New York City, he spent many of his early years in Europe, where he was educated at Stonyhurst College in England.
His tenure was characterized by an extensive building campaign, that resulted in several buildings, including St. Mary's Hall, and the science building, which was later named Devlin Hall.
His presidency came to an end in 1925, and he became the rector of St. Andrew-on-Hudson, a Jesuit novitiate in New York.
His had one brother, Joseph Angelo Devlin, who became a physician and the chief of staff of Misericordia Hospital in New York, and two sisters, Angela Devlin and Mary Devlin.
He began his education at the De La Salle Institute in New York City, during which time he also served as the personal altar boy to Archbishop Michael Corrigan in St. Patrick's Cathedral.
He was then sent to be educated at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England, and did not return to the United States for many years, spending his summer vacations traveling throughout Europe or visiting family in Ireland.
At the end of his sophomore year, while on a return voyage to the United States in the summer of 1893, he learned that his father had died.
As a result, though he already been accepted into the England Province Society of Jesus pending his completion of one more year at Stonyhurst, a Jesuit at St. Francis Xavier College in New York advised him not to return to Stonyhurst.
He oversaw the completion of the construction begun under his predecessors, and began construction on a new science building, on which ground was broken on March 16, 1922.
That campaign grew into an effort to raise money generally for construction on campus, including for a chapel, gymnasium, and the library.
This involved assembling a large team of volunteers to solicit donations from the Catholics of Greater Boston; this was aided by public statements of support from Vice President Calvin Coolidge; the Secretary of War, John W. Weeks; Senators David I. Walsh and Henry Cabot Lodge; and Governor Channing H. Cox.
In 1921, he became one of the three founding members of the Jesuits' New England Province, which separated from the Maryland-New York Province.
Around 1922, he established the Summer School for Catholic Sisterhoods, which educated religious sisters, and paid visits to a nearby orphanage.
Toward the end of his term, he objected to the recruitment by the College of the Holy Cross of a student and football player at Boston College High School.
In 1933, Devlin became rector of the parish of St. Ignatius Loyola on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, succeeding Edward J. Sweeney.
When his health improved, he went to Saint Isaac Jogues Novitiate in Wernersville, Pennsylvania, on April 17, 1936, which he previously had a role in founding in 1930.
His funeral and requiem mass, held at the novitiate on July 23, were attended by many Jesuit dignitaries, including Bishop Thomas Addis Emmet.
Treasure Raiders () is a 2003 Chinese wuxia television series directed by Li Wenyan which broadcast on Beijing Television from May 2003 to June 2003.
He was imprisoned at the secret Derb Moulay Sherif Prison in Hay Mohammadi, Casablanca during the Years of Lead under the reign of Hassan II.
Member of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission and former detainee of Derb Mulay Sherif Prison, Salah el-Ouadie identified Qadour el-Youssfi—a member of the Moroccan delegation that affirmed before the UN in Geneva that there was no torture in Morocco—as the main torturer and man in charge of Derb Mulay Sherif Prison when el-Ouadie was there.
He remained an active member of civil society, through work in associations and NGOs such as the Moroccan Organization for Human Rights, which he co-founded in 1988, as well as the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice.
He also received an honor from King Muhammad VI on behalf of his late aunt, the judge and human rights activist Assia el Ouadie.
Musically, like much of UK drill music, their music contains references to their local area, violence, references to beef with other groups, and is often riddled with slang.
AM, and 410 member Skengdo, were later given a gang injunction from the police that banned them from entering Kennington or mentioning rival gangs in their music.
One 410 member is alleged to have attacked a Harlem Spartans member with a metal pole in the waiting room of Thameside prison.
Canadian artist Drake has publicly stated he is a 'fan' of Harlem Spartans, and has posted Harlem Spartan music lyrics onto his social media.
As it is a professional wrestling championship, it is not won legitimately; it is instead won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline.
Prior to the match Gallito, Mije and Zacarias had worked as Mascotas for various CMLL wrestlers and got physically involved in matches, but hardly ever wrestled.
As with all professional wrestling championships, matches for the CMLL World Micro-Estrellas Championship are not won or lost competitively, but by a pre-planned ending to a match, with the outcome determined by the CMLL bookers and match makers.
This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company.
The championship will be the first exclusively for people with dwarfism in Mexico, while several have been promoted in the United States such as the NWA World Midget's Championship, and Mini-Estrella championships have been promoted in Mexico since 1992, but those are not exclusively for wrestlers with dwarfism.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1985 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1985 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
Two Breidablik Elementary Schools were built: the first opened in 1894 and closed in 1942; the second opened in 1990 and closed in 2013.
Nanning East railway station (simplified Chinese: 南宁东站; traditional Chinese: 南寧東站) is a metro station and a railway station of Liuzhou–Nanning intercity railway and Nanning–Guangzhou high-speed railway.
It has a total construction area of 251134 square meters, while some sources claim a larger area of 267471 square meters, and cost 6.07 billion yuan ( million USD) to build.
The pedestal adopts the shape of a corridor bridge, echoing the upper colonnade, which reflects the characteristics of the Guangxi veranda.
It used an extensive system of steel, smart lighting design, air-conditioning, solar panels and electronic window curtains, along with natural sewage systems and energy management which can reduce the carbon footprint and fuel emissions.
The ground floor is the platform floor, where all passengers take the train on, and the first floor is the arrival floor.
Nanning East railway station currently connects to Nanning East Railway Station of the Nanning Metro, which is the eastern terminus of line 1.
After the east segment of Line 1 (Nanhu-East Station) tested running in 28 June, the metro station began service as one of the termini of line 1.
The 1947 Hampton Pirates football team was an American football team that represented Hampton Institute in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their third non-consecutive year under head coach James Griffin, the Pirates compiled a 7–2–1 record, lost to Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic, and outscored opponents by a total of 107 to 63.
The species was first described by Ingrid A. Lotta, Valkiūnas Gediminas, M. Andreína Pacheco, Ananías A. Escalante, Sandra Rocío Hernández and Nubia E. Matta in 2019.
In this parasite, gametocytes develop in circular shaped host cells which exhibits two highly distant parasite lineages isolated from the same samples.
Parasites that are growing have oval or ellipsoid shapes; these parasites stick to the host cell nuclei, which are enlarged, deformed and have a crescent shape.
This is opposite to the host cell nuclei, which gives the growing gametocytes the appearance of giant beans with rounded ends.
Darren Chua (born 20 March 2000) is a Singaporean swimmer who competes internationally at the Southeast Asian Games and the Asian Games.
In 2017, Darren has participated in major swim meets such as the 6th FINA World Junior Swimming Championship, 6th Commonwealth Youth Games and the 2017 FINA Swimming World Cup.
Along with Joseph Schooling, Quah Zheng Wen and Darren Lim combined to bag a bronze in the men’s 4x100m freestyle relay at the Games, setting a new national record.
Darren made his Southeast Asian Games debut in 2019 and bagged five golds - two in individual events and three in relays and a silver.
Darren claimed his first individual title at the SEA Games, clinching the gold medal in the men’s 200m freestyle on December 7 at the New Clark City Aquatics Center.
Schooling’s timing of 49.64 at the New Clark City Aquatic Complex meant that he was 0.05s behind Chua (49.59), who claimed gold.
On 11 December 2019 hundreds of gunmen belonging to the Islamic State attacked a military post with guns, bombs, and mortars killing over seventy soldiers and kidnapping others in one of the worst attacks in the history of Niger.
In recent months, attacks by the Islamic State in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger have worsened with large scale firearm assaults on both the civilian population and armed forces.
A week later in Burkina Faso, gunmen stormed a convoy of buses for the Boungou mine service, killing 37, although some estimate the death toll to be much higher.
This attack happened after an attack on another Niger post which resulted in the killing of three Nigerian soldiers and 14 of the assailants.
It has a number of deferred maintenance issues, which has led Preservation Chicago to list it as one of the most endangered buildings in Chicago.
The state of Ohio has a procedure for dedicating properties as state nature preserves through the Ohio Division of Natural Areas & Preserves.
A sizable addition was placed on the west side of the house in 1927, and a second addition was added in the 1930s.
Cohen, a member of the Democratic Party, won his first Connecticut House of Representatives election in 1942, took office in 1943, and served a total of thirty years as a lower house legislator.
In 1959, Cohen was elected to lead the appropriations committee within the Connecticut House, and became the first Democratic Party politician to take on the position since 1874.
Cohen stepped down from the state legislature at the end of his fifteenth term in 1973, and also retired from the management of Harry's Place.
Cohen's property in the town was acquired by the City of Colchester in 2000, and became known as the Ruby and Elizabeth Cohen Woodlands, named for Cohen and his wife.
In November 2019, Grande continued to tease the album by sharing more photos onto Instagram of audio files named after different cities she performed in.
On December 10, 2019, Grande responded affirmatively to a fan that asked if a live album would arrive before the year's end.
The Bab Doukkala Mosque (or Mosque of Bab Doukkala) is a major neighbourhood mosque (a Friday mosque) in Marrakech, Morocco, dating from the 16th century.
It was commissioned by Lalla Ma'suda bint Ahmad, a daughter of Muhammad al-Sheikh (the founder of the Saadian Dynasty) and mother of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, during the Saadian Dynasty.
Construction of the mosque began in 1557-58 CE (965 AH) and probably finished around 1570-71 CE (979 AH), which would have been under the reign of Moulay Abdallah al-Ghalib.
Meanwhile, the emptying of the old Jewish neighbourhoods had liberated a large amount of space within the city which was open to redevelopment.
It was conceived as part of a coherent religious and civic complex which included, in addition to the mosque itself, a madrasa, library, hammam (public bathhouse) with latrines, and a public fountain for distributing water to the locals.
This type of architectural complex was unprecedented in Morocco, and may have been influenced by the tradition of building such complexes in Mamluk Egypt and in the Ottoman Empire.
Chadha is a Co-Reviewer of allegations of racism within the Peel District School Board, second largest public school board in Canada.
Chadha first lived in the Regent Park area of Toronto, Ontario and later settled in Brampton, Ontario, where Chadha attended elementary and high school, graduating from North Park Secondary School in 1986.
Chadha has a Journalism degree from Ryerson University, a law degree from University of Saskatchewan; and a Masters of Law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School, York University.
In memory of her mother’s death, Chadha and her family established an entrance scholarship at the University of Saskatchewan for a first year female law student of Indigenous background to honour her mother’s legacy of community service and belief in supporting disadvantaged women.
Highlights of Chadha’s career include serving as Director of Litigation of (2000-2007) and appointment as Vice-Chair at the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (2007-2015), where she served as a mediator and adjudicator rendering important rulings in the areas race discrimination and sexual harassment.
Chadha has been recognized by the Canadian Bar Association as a Leader of Change for her work in challenging institutionalized inequality and racial barriers.
Her articles have been published in the Supreme Court Law Review, National Journal of Constitutional Law and Journal of Law and Social Policy.
Chadha has contributed to various equality rights books and co-authored a chapter in a recent Oxford University Press treatise about international human rights law for women with disabilities and is a frequent public speaker promoting human rights.
It was then prepared by Mariano Caffa, a process that took five years due to the extreme hardness of the stone matrix.
Between 2013 and 2015, it was compared with the specimens of related theropods, researchers personally investigating their exemplars in collections all over the world.
The eleventh and twelfth back vertebrae possess an additional forward ridge on the underside of the diapophysis, the process for the articulation facet of the top rib head.
Griffin enrolled at Hampton Institute, played at the halfback and safety positions for the Hampton Pirates football team from 1937 to 1939, and was captain of the 1938 and 1939 teams.
He later received a master's degree in physical education from Springfield College in 1949 and a doctorate in education from New York University in 1961.
He returned to Hampton as an assistant football coach in 1946 and resumed his role as head football coach in the fall of 1947.
He also served as Hampton's track coach from 1940 to 1970 with the exception of his period of military service from 1943 to 1945.
He was inducted into the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association Hall of Fame in 1980 and the City of Hampton Hall of Fame in 1992.
Its collection includes interactive exhibitions, artifacts, and recreated spaces covering Patpong's history from its 1946 purchase by the Patpongpanich family and subsequent development.
Smith was then appointed by President Gerald Ford on October 4, 1976 to the position of United States Ambassador to Ghana.
Smith's final diplomatic appointment was made by President Jimmy Carter on July 2, 1979 for the position of United States Ambassador to Liberia.
Walpurga, who only wants to marry Konrad to ensure that her inheritance does not go to her brother, plans to poison Konrad after the wedding.
Walpurga, captivated by her social grace and beauty, bribes her into standing in for her at the wedding, but wearing a veil so that Konrad does not know it is not Walpurga.
It is not that we don't have musicians here, but we wanted a big orchestra with a string and horn section specifically.
While we were inspired by the themes for iconic Hollywood characters like Sherlock Holmes and Jack Sparrow, the score we have composed is original.
Since the makers decided not to tie with any other music labels, Rakshit Shetty released the album through Divo, a digital streaming portal.
It was sung by Vijay Prakash with backing vocals by Shashank Sheshagiri, Pancham Jeeva and Chethan Naik, with lyrics by Nagarjuna Sharma for the original version, Vivek for the Tamil version, Ramajogayya Sastry for the Telugu version, Sudamsu for the Malayalam version and Irshad Kamil for the Hindi version.
The series is animated by Ajia-do Animation Works and directed by Mitsuru Hongo, with Mariko Kunisawa handling series composition, Yoshiaki Yanagida and Toshihisa Kaiya designing the characters, and Michiru composing the series' music.
Charles A. Jerabek (July 23, 1922 – June 28, 2006) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 3rd district from 1969 to 1972.
The Mouassine Mosque (or Mosque of Mouassine) is a major neighbourhood mosque (a Friday mosque) in Marrakech, Morocco, dating from the 16th century during the Saadian Dynasty.
Meanwhile, the emptying of the old Jewish neighbourhoods had liberated a large amount of space within the city which was open to redevelopment.
This type of architectural complex was unprecedented in Morocco, and may have been influenced by the tradition of building such complexes in Mamluk Egypt and in the Ottoman Empire.
The mosque was built on top of a former Jewish cemetery, which reportedly put off some worshipers in the early years after it was finished.
He was born on 31 August 1961, and ordained to the priesthood in 1986, and began serving the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri-Segni.
Liz Janean Marek (born October 26, 1980) is an American cake decorator and teacher known for her elaborate sculpted cakes .
The Apostolic Nunciature to the Federated States of Micronesia is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in the Federated States of Micronesia.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The group was established in 2011 shortly after the fall of the Libyan government led by Muammar Gaddafi and established training camps in Libya as well, and formally publiczed itself in September 2013 after claiming a suicide attack against the Egyptian military's intelligence headquarters in Rafah.
The group later went largely in active until 2017, by threatening to fight the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and its local Sinai affiliate.
Though the group claims to be part of al-Qaeda and has expressed open support for it and its leader Ayman al-Zawahiri and has organizational links with its former Syrian affiliate HTS and claims to have links with its branch in Yemen, al-Qaeda has not acknowledged the group, neither recognizing it as an affiliate or support for it.
The group was established in February 2011 and conducted its first action as a group in May 2011 after the death of Osama bin Laden by showing off its military capabilities, and remained inactive from then until 2013.
In 2013, the group claimed responsibility for a major double suicide attack against an Egyptian military intelligence compound in northern Sinai in the city of Rafah, resulting in the death of 6 and several other injuries months after the fall of Egypt's former president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013.
In a statement regarding the attack Ansar Beit al-Maqdis praised the attack and claimed it was in response for Egyptian crackdowns against Islamists following the fall of Morsi and cooperation with Israel.
In November 2017 the group reemerged again, declaring its opposition to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
Jund al-Islam claims that Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and ISIL are Kharijites, and also claims that ISIL's Sinai branch has committed abuses against the local Muslim population and besieged the Gaza Strip.
In January 2018, a Russian foreign fighter part of ISIL's Sinai province defected to Jund al-Islam after several disagreements with ISIL's leadership in Sinai, and was featured in a video released by Jund al-Islam criticizing ISIL.
Harriet Goodrich Rosenkrans Wright (October 11, 1845 – September 15, 1928) was an American politician and suffragette who served in the Colorado House of Representatives.
She married Henry Wright, a pioneer who had lived in the Colorado Territory during its foundation in 1861, and would have four children with him.
In 1898 she was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives under a Populist-Democratic fusion ticket, and ran for state senate in 1912 as a Democrat, but was defeated.
During the 1900 United States presidential election she supported William Jennings Bryan and served as a committee member on a pro-Bryan women committee.
In 1922 she moved to California along with one of her children before dying on September 15, 1928 in Los Angeles, after four years of illness.
She was selected by Democratic Party precinct committee members in Sedgwick County, Kansas on December 4, 2019, to succeed Democrat Brandon Whipple, who is resigning on January 13, 2020, to be sworn-in as mayor of Wichita, Kansas.
The Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley Railroad Depot in Dwight, Nebraska was built in 1887 as a railroad depot of the Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley Railroad.
It is a one-and-a-half-story wood frame structure, partitioned in a normal way for country railroad stations: the south end has a combination baggage-freight room, a business office including an agent's work area and a passenger waiting area is in the middle, and the north end was living quarters for the depot agent.
The prime minister of Pasundan () is the head of government and the highest political office in the State of Pasundan.
The prime minister is responsible to the Parliament, and the cabinet of the minister can be dismissed by the parliament with votes of no confidence.
After the formation of the State of Pasundan, an election to choose the head of state of Pasundan was held on 28 February 1948.
Several years later, after the Dutch launched a military attack against the Republic of Indonesia, Adil Puradiredja resigned as the prime minister.
The resignation was in pursuance to the promise made by Adil to Mohammad Hatta, the vice president of Indonesia, on 12 December, that he and his cabinet would resign if and only if the Dutch attacked Indonesia.
As a result, the commander of the Dutch forces in Indonesia Simon Spoor, and the High Commissioner of the Crown in the State of Pasundan R.W.
Following the APRA coup d'état on 23 January 1949, the government of the Republic of Indonesia accused the government of Pasundan for covertly sponsoring the coup.
Charlotte Esau is an American politician and a member of the Kansas House of Representatives representing the 14th district in Johnson County, Kansas.
Representative Esau was elected in 2018 to succeed her husband, Rep. Keith Esau, who unsuccessfully ran for Secretary of State of Kansas.
2gether: The Series (from ), is an upcoming Thai romantic drama comedy television series starring Bright Vachirawit Chivaaree, Win Metawin Opasiamkajorn, Drake Sattabut Laedeke and Frank Thanatsaran Samthonglai.
Eventually, Sarawat agrees to Tine's offer but comes to a point where he questions on when their fake relationship would end.
Cao Wenxuan (; born May 1934) is a Chinese ichthyologist, a former researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
In spring 1922 she gave twenty concerts in France, and returned to the United States for further performances in the autumn of that year.
During the 1922 visit, she volunteered as a subject of analysis at the Cleveland School of Character Diagnosis, a clinic interested in the personalities of high achievers.
She made piano roll recordings of works by Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Scriabin, Chabrier, Arensky, Massenet, Fauré, and Saint-Saens in the 1920s, and performed at New York's Hippodrome in 1925.
By the following year, they were understood to be lovers, and he demanded that she forgo further musical performances, and forbid the Italian press from covering any events where she performed.
She had three children, Reginaldo (born 1926), the son of Edmondo Borgo; Vanna (born 1932), believed to be the biological daughter of Benito Mussolini; and Micaela (born 1942), the daughter of Swiss businessman Enrico Wild, whom Brard married in 1945.
1725 – 26 April 1806) was an 18th-century Islamic scholar and first Almaami of Futa Toro, hailing from what is now Senegal.
He came from a line of Islamic scholars; his grandfather Lamin had performed the pilgrimage to Mecca, and his father Hamady studied the Qur'an in Futa Jallon.
Abdul Kader Kan was one of the candidates for the successor of Sulayman Bal, who had led the revolt with the intention of overthrowing the Deeñanke ruling class.
According to Ware, his nomination came after the refusal of the position by another cleric, and his own acceptance was hesitant until Sulayman was killed in battle.
Robinson cites what he describes as a more obscure tradition, in which Abdul Kadeer Kan was elected after a longer period of political confusion, and that the torodbe leadership was unsure if they wanted to elect a leader as an Almaami, which would have acted as an explicit declaration for a desire to establish a separate Islamic state.
He was then given a turban signifying his office by a cleric who had served as an advisor to the previous regime.
One source states that ceremony involved the full recitation of the Qur’an, the ‘Ishriniyyat, and the Dala'il al-Khayrat, with Kan making the clerics who recited them promise to correct him if they saw him failing to live up to the standards set by each work.
Based on the letters written by Thomas Clarkson, at least one scholar has made the argument that the reverend believed that Abdul Kader Kan had completely abolished the slave trade in Futa Toro.
A treaty had been signed which was meant to prevent the French from selling the people of Futa Toro into slavery, and the Almaami's success against the Emirate of Trarza may have been the result of Abdul Kader Kan's willingness to release the slaves of their slaves upon defeat.
It has been noted that, while definitive proof of this strategy as a reason for the campaign's success cannot be provided, the promise of releasing the slaves who fought against their masters was a common strategy in Africa as well as America at this time..
Others characterize his policy of slavery as simply more in accord with traditional Islamic slavery; that is to say that while Muslims could not be legally enslaved, nonbelievers were still licit for enslavement.
Though French slave traders were not allowed to either enslave the inhabitants of the Futa Toro nor transport slaves through the territory of the Imamate, the inhabitants themselves still owned slaves.
According to this understanding, the inhabitants of Futa Toro were not protected because of a general hostility to slavery, but rather because the Almaami's subjects were at least by definition Muslim.
Intelligent Information Society is a combination of data created, collected and accumulated through advanced information and communication technology infrastructure and artificial intelligence (AI).
It is a society in which new value is created and progress is achieved through the advancement of technology and the collection of data.
In the huge new paradigm of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the convergence of artificial intelligence, robot technology, big data, and software enters various fields such as labor, welfare, employment, education, and defense as well as 'smartization'.
The governing style of society changes from vertical hierarchical order of ruling not vertical hierarchical order of order and is characterized by hybrid culture.
However, if intelligence extends to things other than human beings, and transforms intelligence into products that exist independently in the outside society, it can shake the community when it becomes available to everyone.
The relationship that comes from the connection between the individual and the machine becomes more important than the community or association.
The role of social capital is greater than ever in an intelligent information society where connectivity is maximized by the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence.
And the ability of empathy to understand and perceive other human emotions by artificial intelligence becomes a keyword of social management.
Already, Joseph Nye argued that the proliferation of knowledge and networks in information has shifted the nature of power from hard power such as military and economic power to soft power such as cultural and political values and diplomacy.
The intelligent information society will be the inflection point of how society operates and operates from hard power to soft power.
Therefore, the economy of the intelligent information society also has the characteristics of the digital economy including the characteristics of soft power.
The Internet of Things, combined with creative ideas, serves as a driving force for continued economic growth, discovering more creative, lower cost and new services.
It is to create new added value by applying the Internet of Things to fields based on connected environments such as automotive, medical, energy and power.
Social production is a way of producing a product or service through a voluntary, open and horizontal collaboration of various people connected to social networks.
Jeremy Rifkin says social capital is as important as financial capital, access replaces ownership, cooperation rather than competition, the exchange value of capitalism replaces the shared value of the shared economy.
Therefore, future technological developments will be developed in the direction that Computing Technology plays a decisive role while combining Networking technology and Computing technology.
This can contribute to improving the quality of life with personalized and customized services that reflect the individual's situation and needs.
Economic activity is the driving force for solving social problems such as energy management, environment, safety, crime, health, transportation, and weather.
It aims to control uncertainty through the use of intelligent systems and technologies, establish social order with a predictive and proactive response to risks, and create a crime-free society.
By adding intelligence to sharing and linking, the ruling order of society is characterized by a vertical, horizontal, hierarchical order-oriented society.
Thus, citizens with big data-based information become pro-users who are both producers and suppliers of policies as well as users and operators of policies.
Checks and balances should be complemented by open civil society participation so that no government or any group of powers dominate.
Furthermore, the labor market is expected to be further divided into specialized technical jobs, such as Artificial intelligence, and simple labor jobs, resulting in fewer overall jobs.
The jobs of the more expensive human beings can be reduced and the status of the Middle class can be reduced.
In this case, it is a way for the intelligent information society to assume such a direction by improving the social quality of life as a problem that the intelligent information society should deal with and solve.
Therefore, we need to be able to discuss the issues of what kind of intelligence information society is assumed, how to operate the intelligence information society and to control the direction of technological development.
It is because of humans that society does not fall into technological all-roundness and make a direction for improving human life.
Chen Zijiang (; born October 1959) is a Chinese reproductive medicine expert currently serving as vice-president of Shandong University and dean of the Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.
Her father was elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 2012 and served three terms, losing a bid for reelection in 2018.
Shortly after returning to Texas, she began working with Blaze TV, but parted ways with them in late 2017 and began working for Conservative Review TV (CRTV).
In July 2018, Stuckey released a satirical video on her CRTV Facebook page that depicted a fake interview with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in which the politician appeared to give bizarre answers to the questions she was asked by Stuckey.
The video was shared more than one million times before CRTV and Stuckey changed the title of the video, adding that it was satire.
In September 2019, Stuckey spoke at Congressman Dan Crenshaw's inaugural Youth Summit in Houston, Texas alongside Nikki Haley, Marcus Luttrell, Roger Clemens, and Dakota Meyer.
In August 2019, she discussed a 21-year poll finding that young Americans now place less of a value on religion, patriotism, and having children.
On November 14, 2019, Stuckey testified as an expert witness before the House of Representatives on the issue of abortion in Missouri.
Stuckey and her producer reached out to Spotify to find a solution, but Spotify claimed that they were unable to comment at the time.
The Ayrshire Junior Football League, known as the Western Junior League from 1919 until 1968, was a football league competition operated in Ayrshire under the Scottish Junior Football Association which operated until a merger in 2002.
The membership was soon expanded in 1934 with a group of clubs from south-east Ayrshire whose local league had folded (clubs in the north had been reluctant to admit them previously due to travel difficulties involved, a factor which had also prevented local clubs joining other leagues such as the Scottish Junior Football League in the past).
From 1946 to 1976 the league was divided into North and South sections with the winners in a playoff to decide the overall champion, and thereafter two merit divisions were formed with a dozen clubs in each and promotion/relegation between them.
It was at this point that Auchinleck Talbot, Scottish Cup winners in the 1940s but never a consistent force and without a major trophy in several years, rose to dominate the Junior grade at both regional and national levels, which generally continued into the 21st century.
The divisional setup remained until 2002, when the largest clubs in Ayrshire and Central merged under a two-tier Super League within a new Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region to increase the number of lucrative matches to be played between them (the three regions in the east of the country did likewise).
A lower division of the West Region was designated specifically for legacy Ayrshire clubs until 2018 in parallel with two for Central clubs, when it was decided to organise all divisions on a regional basis.
The Hornets, led by 15th-year head coach Lewis Jackson, play their home games at the Dunn–Oliver Acadome in Montgomery, Alabama as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Blaine Finch (born February 6, 1977) is an American politician who has served in the Kansas House of Representatives from the 59th district since 2013.
Since 2006, she has been a professor of computer science and information science at Cornell University, and from 2010 to 2011 she was the first Charles and Barbara Weiss Chair of Information Science at Cornell.
After working for several companies as a computer programmer, She returned to graduate study in the late 1980s and completed her Ph.D. at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1994.
She has been on the Cornell University faculty since 1994, initially in computer science and since 2005 also in information science.
In 1990 he pursued advanced studies in the United States, first earning his doctor's degree in cell and molecular biology from the University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1996 and then did post-doctoral research at Yale School of Medicine from 1997 to 2000.
He joined the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in 2004, becoming tenured professor and dean and director of Inflammation and Tumor Center in 2008.
The 2019-20 Mercyhurst Lakers men's ice hockey season was the 32nd season of play for the program, the 21st at the Division I level, and the 17th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference.
The Guizhou clique (), also known as the Qian clique (Qian is the shortened name of Guizhou), was a minor warlord faction in the Warlord Era of the Republic of China, situated in the province of Guizhou.
Due to its weak economic situation, Guizhou warlords were typically dependent on more economically successful warlords such as the Yunnan clique and the Hunan warlords.
With the invasion of Guizhou by Yunnan general Tang Jiyao, Liu's enemies were defeated and Guizhou started a lasting relationship with Yunnan and especially Tang Jiyao.
Liu Xianshi's nephew, Wang Wenhua, disagreed with much of what Liu did, and was in conflict with him, using student organizations to agitate against him.
The Guizhou warlords did not participate in many wars or expansions aside from assisting their allies in the Yunnan clique with their expansion into Sichuan.
The Liu family would be one of the major forces in the early Guizhou clique, with many of its members holding important positions in the military.
Liu Guanli, Liu Xianshi, and Liu Xianqian took the opportunity to raise the local District Watch Force, and cooperated with the Qing army to recover the city, receiving an award for his actions.
After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising in October 1911, governor Shen Yuqing went into a state of panic, and Liu Xianshi entered the provincial capital in an emergency effort to suppress the revolution.
However, while Liu Xianshi was on the way, Zhang Bailin, leader of the Guizhou Tongmenghui and Ren Kecheng, the local constitutionalist leader, as well as many others, forced Shen Yuqing to step down on November 4, declaring the independence of Guizhou.
The Guizhou New Army instructor and lecturer Wu Tang as well as Chief of the Army Primary School Yang Yicheng were recommended to become the governors of the Guizhou military government.
Zhao Dequan was to be the Vice Governor, Zhang Bailin the Dean of the Privy Council, Ren Kecheng the Vice President, and Zhou Peiyi as Secretary-General and Chief Executive Officer.
They ordered Dujun (military governor) Yang Yicheng to lead his army North, and for the Dean, Zhang Bailin, to leave the provincial capital to visit various places.
Although the revolution had been greatly weakened, Ren Kecheng, Liu Xianshi, Guo Chongguang, and other counter-revolutionaries felt that their power was insufficient and they dared not to launch a coup and seize power.
After a bit of hesitation, Cai E decided to send Tang Jiyao, then an intermediate officer of the Yunnan army whose troops were situated in the North of Yunnan, to enter Guizhou and settle the divides in the Guizhou government.
At this time, Zhong Changying, one of the leaders of the Guizhou Tongmenghui, passed through Kunming from Nanjing to return to Guizhou.
When he heard the news of the invasion, he urged Cai E not to interfere in the internal affairs of Guizhou Province.
Cai E, heeding the advice, ordered Tang Jiyao to divert his army's path into Sichuan and then into Hubei, but Tang Jiyao had been promised the position of governorship by the reactionary forces in Guizhou.
Tang reported that his front team had entered Guizhou and was unable to change course, so they had to go deep into Guizhou.
Zhong Changying chased the army in an attempt to persuade Tang Jiyao to change course, but he was assassinated in Anshun.
At first, the revolutionary government was tricked into believing that Tang's forces were simply passing through Guizhou on their way to aid revolutionary forces in Central China.
Yuan Shikai, then President of China, tried to intervene in the name of the central government, but his attempt was useless.
On March 4, 1912, Tang Jiyao became military governor of Guizhou, recognized in May 1912 by Beijing, with Liu Xianshi assuming the role of Minister of War.
Tang Jiyao and Liu Xianshi militarily ruled Guizhou jointly, with Liu commanding a new Citizen's Army, and Liu's allies becoming responsible for the civil administration of Guizhou.
This brought the revolutionaries to an end and paved the way for the taking of full political power by the Liu family.
Due to the sharing of power with Tang, Liu Xianshi's power was limited, but it would be rewarded with the removal of office of Cai E. In order to cultivate military talent, Tang Jiyao founded the Guizhou Military Academy, with Han Fenglou, a Yunnanese general, serving as its head.
In order to turn Guizhou into his own fiefdom, Tang Jiyao forbade the introduction of foreign progressive ideas, actively supported local forces and ideas, and established the Guizhou Unification Party as an organization to cement his power.
Key members of the Guizhou Unification Party were Liu Xianshi, Ren Kecheng, Dai Kan, He Linshu, and Guo Chongguang, although many others played an important part in this party.
Liu Xianshi initially stayed neutral, but when the situation became urgent, he had to declare Guizhou's independence on January 27, 1916.
Liu Xianshi held a military conference and decided to send the Yunnan Army Artillery Team, the Mechanical Team, and the 5th and 6th regiments of the Guizhou army.
In June, after Yuan Shikai's death, Beijing appointed Liu to the position of Dujun, with Dai Kan becoming the civil governor.
In August, Dai was transferred to the Office of Military Affairs of Sichuan, with the post of civil governor passed on to Liu Xianshi.
As the Liu family hailed from Xingyi, their group is called the Xingyi clique to differentiate them from the Tongzi clique, which would be led by Zhou Xicheng.
Xiong Fanyu was responsible for helping the Liu family with their schooling during the late Qing, and was the father-in-law of Liu Xianshi's son, Liu Gongliang, as well as serving as Liu Xianshi's secretary and the leader of the Guizhou branch of the Bank of China.
He Linshu was one of the main leaders of the Constitutionalists in Guizhou and the father-in-law to Liu Xianshi's second son, Liu Junzhuo, who served as the director of the Guizhou Government Office.
Zhang Xielu, who helped the Liu family with schooling in Xingyi, served as the director of the Finance Department under Liu Xianshi.
Liu used his son, Liu Gangwu, as his emissary to Sun Yat-Sen. Liu Xianqian was placed into power in Western Guizhou, placing him in direct control of Xingyi.
During a political crisis in 1916, Liu sent 400000 yuan to Shanghai from his treasury as an emergency fund in case he lost power.
Evidence suggests that the Liu and Wang clans of Guizhou had conflicts in the past, and that it was resolved through marriage, making Wang Wenhua Liu Xianshi's nephew.
Wang was an avid supporter of the revolutionaries, with progressive views similar to those of Sun Yat-sen. During the National Protection War, while Liu had been reluctant to fully commit to the war, Wang was strong in his support for Cai E and the anti-Yuan forces.
Wang had even told Liu that he would lead troops into Sichuan, and that Liu could save himself by saying that Wang had rebelled and was acting outside of his control.
Wang was unhappy with politics in Guizhou, and many members of the Liu family complained to Liu Xianshi about his tolerance of Wang and warned him of Wang being too powerful militarily.
Along with his brother Wang Boqun, Wang gathered a group of young officers from Guizhou who had studied at the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, who had, while studying in Japan, started to support Sun Yat-sen's views.
Among these officers was He Yingqin, who would later become an important part of the Republic of China Army under Chiang Kai-shek.
He attempted to use his military power in Guizhou to implement Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary program, leading to the distinction between the Civilian Faction of Liu Xianshi and the Military Faction of Wang Wenhua, the former of which was made up of Xinhai-era reformers, and the latter of which was made up of May Fourth-era military professionals.
In 1917, Wang was successful in recruiting able young officers, and he rejected applications from candidates with relations to Liu Xianshi.
The Suiying school and the Guizhou Military Academy had an intense rivalry, with the Suiying school having many instructors that were not well-educated on military affairs and who had never had any battlefield experience.
In contrast, the Guizhou Military Academy, with its Japanese-style military education, was so popular it even began to draw students from neighboring provinces.
Wang expelled many students who were caught spying for the Suiying school and passing information about the inner workings of the Guizhou Military Academy to Liu Xianshi, with Wang and He going to great lengths to carefully examining candidates.
In late 1918, Wang Wenhua and He Yingqin created a new student organization named the Young Guizhou Association, inspired by the Young China Students' Association in Beijing (which had been created in June) and modeled on Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy.
The Young Guizhou Association called for students to call for the modernization of the province, increasing Wang's political power and taking the Liu–Wang conflict from the military scene to the student and civilian scene.
In response to the creation of the Young Guizhou Association, Liu Xianshi created his own student organization, named the Republic of China Patriotic Students' Association, with much of its message taken from the Young Guizhou Association, in order to turn young people away from Wang Wenhua and He Yingqin's student organization.
Liu Xianshi, at the time, attended a rally held jointly by the Young Guizhou Association as well as the Patriotic Students' Association.
With influence from events in Beijing and the Treaty of Versailles, Guizhou students in Hunan organized a National Salvation Association, with 600 members.
Students of the Institute of Law and Politics in Guiyang considered making a Guizhou branch of the National Student Alliance, which happened in June as representatives from national student movement alliances came to Guiyang.
In May 1919, Young Guizhou Association leaders met with representatives from 81 counties in order to create a new representative body for the Guizhou student movement named the Guizhou National People's Assembly, with more than 1000 people attending its first session in June.
When the May Fourth Movement spread to Guiyang, He Yingqin, as well as Zhang Pengnian, Zhang Xielu's brother and Chairman of the Guizhou Provincial Assembly, went to the National Citizen's Meeting in Guiyang on June 1, 1919.
Zhang Xielu's brother, Zhang Pengnian, who was the director of Nanming Middle School, convened the school body to warn them against political activism.
Likewise, Liu Xianshi's cousin, Liu Jingwu, who was the president of the Institute of Law and Politics, reprimanded his students in a similar way.
Liu Xianshi also made it so that students could not graduate or move up grades if they missed at least one third of their classes.
Wang Boqun, who was an emissary of Liu Xianshi, met Zhao Shijin, an overseas Chinese man who had previously helped Sun Yat-sen with funding infrastructure projects in China.
Zhao agreed to raise 5 million dollars to fund the project, signing an agreement in March 1919 which said that the Guizhou Provincial Assembly would have to authorize the construction of the railway within 3 months.
Liu Xianshi initially supported the project, but Wang Wenhua proposed that 1 out of the 5 million sent would be used for the army.
Zhang Xielu and Chen Tingce, Liu's supporters, were dissatisfied with Wang's proposal due to their dislike of Wang's growing political power as well as the unwillingness to take on too much debt.
Zhang demanded that the loan would be restricted to 2 million dollars, and for the money only to be applied for infrastructure investments.
Zhang, in a several hundred page long report, detailed his opposition to the loan and to the railroad, which changed Liu's mind.
They persuaded Ren Kecheng to chair the committee, who proposed that Liu Xianshi step down as military governor (Dujun) and appoint Wang in his stead, keeping Liu as civilian governor and handing over military power to Wang.
It was, by then, clear that Wang was determined to remove Liu from power, but was kept from doing so, possibly from familial relations.
After a banquet at Wang Wenhua's house attended by multiple leaders of the Guizhou clique (including Liu Xianshi) to discuss provincial affairs on November 26, 1919, an assassin shot twice at Chen at 11p.m., leaving him wounded.
Tang Jiyao shared Liu Xianshi's distaste for Wang - Some sources claim that Tang sent a secret telegram to Liu, saying that Wang was unfit for command due to his lack of any formal military training and his over-reliance on his subordinate officers.
He conversed with two of his subordinates, Zhu Shaoliang and Gu Zhenglun, about the plan to remove Liu Xianshi from power.
Zhang Pengnian claims that before he left, Wang drew up two lists of names with Gu - one for those who were to be immediately assassinated, and the other for those who would be observed and possibly killed in the future.
He Yingqin favored cutting the list down, but Sun favored adding names to the list in order to destroy Liu Xianshi's faction easier.
Liu also consulted Yuan Zuming, one of his supporters who was a subordinate of Wang Wenhua, to sow disorder from within Wang's faction.
When his young son cried and complained that his father was being taken away, a soldier shot the boy in the head.
Guo was taken to a bridge outside the North gate of Guiyang, where they set him on a butcher's table and beheaded him.
Xiong asked them to take anything but to not do harm, to which a soldier replied that they had come to take his life, but not his belongings.
Over the next few days following the death of his allies, surrounded by his private guards, Liu learnt of the fates of his associates.
He then turned to ask his sister (Wang Wenhua's mother) for her protection, persuading Wang's faction to let him go on November 18, and personally accompanying him to Anshun, and then Xingyi.
He Yingqin quickly put into action the next phase of the plan, which was installing Ren Kecheng as acting governor until Wang Wenhua returned.
He was found by soldiers and taken back to Guiyang, but he escaped again, this time hiding in a Catholic church with Xiong Fanyu's brother and Chen Tingce.
Liu's supporters went to Shanghai with him, and in March 1921, as Wang stepped into a car outside his hotel, assassins sent by Yuan Zuming shot and killed him, ending the Liu-Wang conflict.
Liu Xianshi, who had fled to Kunming, returned to Guiyang in April 1923 with Yunnanese troops, who restored him to power.
In April 1920, Yuan Zuming, receiving financial support from Beijing, organized the Qianding Army in Wuchang and served as its commander-in-chief.
In March 1924, Yuan was appointed to the Sichuan-Guizhou Border Inspection Office by the government in Beijing and made the Chief of the 34th Division.
However, he continued to participate in the civil war in Sichuan, and he left governing to his subordinates - Wang Tianpei, Peng Hanzhang, and Zhou Xicheng.
Gao was born on 6 April 1927 into a poor peasant family in Sunjiatun Village in Fu County (now Wafangdian), Liaoning, Republic of China, and grew up under Japanese occupation.
After the surrender of Japan, Gao enlisted in the People's Liberation Army in November 1947, and joined the Communist Party of China the following year.
During the Chinese Civil War, Gao fought in the Liaoshen campaign, the Pingjin campaign, and the , and was decorated six times.
In his manuscript, which is now displayed at the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution, he drew pictures and symbols to represent characters he could not write.
Due to Gao's illiteracy, much of the book was ghostwritten by the army writer Guo Yongjiang (郭永江), also known by the pen name Huang Cao (荒草).
He graduated in 1962 from the university's Department of Journalism, and became a full-time military writer in the Shenyang Military Region with the rank of a division commander.
It was translated into seven minority languages of China and fifteen foreign languages, and more than six million copies were printed in the next 50 years.
Zhou Chunfu was the name of a real landlord in Gao's village who had been beaten to death during the Land Reform Movement in the late 1940s.
According to Zhou's great-grandson Meng Lingqian, however, the evil deeds attributed to Zhou were mostly made up, and the real Zhou was not even classified among the top 2,000 richest landlords in Fu County.
He received his Master of Science in optics degree and Doctor of Engineering in physical electronics and optoelectronics degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1986 and 1993, respectively.
In August 2007 he was promoted to become vice-president of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, he remained at the position until September 2018, when he was transferred to Haikou, capital of south China's Hainan province, as president of Hainan University.
Cinema Veeran () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language documentary film written and directed by Aishwarya R. Dhanush on her documentary film debut.
The plot of the film was inspired and based on the lives of untold stories of stunt choreographers of Tamil cinema.
On 2019, Otto Poon admitted guilty to building an unauthorized pool in his garden, and as a result, was fined ().
Ruhelkhand Express (15309 / 15310) is a Mail Express train belonging to Indian Railways - North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Izzatnagar railway station and Aishbagh railway station in India.
The 2019–20 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions men's basketball team represent the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
The Golden Lions, led by 12th-year head coach George Ivory, play their home games at the K. L. Johnson Complex in Pine Bluff, Arkansas as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
The Golden Lions finished the 2018–19 season 13–19 overall, 10–8 in SWAC play, to finish in a three-way tie for 3rd place.
Wendy Grace Lehnert is an American computer scientist specializing in natural language processing and known for her pioneering use of machine learning in natural language processing.
Lehnert earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Portland State University in 1972, and a master's degree from Yeshiva University in 1974.
Broderick Shepherd (born December 9, 1992) is an Australian professional wrestler, best known by the ring name Australian Suicide who currently working for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), where he is the former AAA World Cruiserweight Champion.
Before the arrival of Mexico, Shepherd has competed in other independent companies in both Australia and the United States such as Ryan Rollins.
Shepherd began fighting in various promotions under the name as Ryan Rollins during his early years in both Australia and other companies such as National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), Melbourne City Wrestling, Slam Factory Wrestling and among other promotions.
In 2012, he was trained by Lance Storm while competing in Canada before he arrived on Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide in Mexico in 2013.
On August 3 at Triplemanía XXVII, Suicide teamed up with Vanilla Vargas for the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship against Sammy Guevara and Scarlett Bordeaux, Niño Hamburguesa and Big Mami and Lady Maravilla and Villano III Jr., where they were crowned as new champions.
Hao Xiaojiang (; born 10 July 1951) is a Chinese scientist currently working as a researcher, doctoral supervisor at the Kunming Institute of Botany.
Our Lady of Mercy College (previously known as Bunbury Catholic College Mercy Campus and commonly called OLMC, or simply Mercy) is a Catholic secondary school located in Australind, in the South West region of Western Australia.
In 1973 the Bishop of Bunbury, Myles McKeon, ordered the amalgamation of St Francis Xavier College (Marist Brothers) and St Joseph’s School (Mercy Sisters).
It was referred to as the Mercy Campus (with the original campus being known as the Marist Campus) and opened in 2015, catering for Years 7 through 9.
As the Mercy Campus began to become more independent of the original school, the decision was made in 2019 for the two campuses to separate and for Mercy to become a fully independent school.
The name of the new college was put to the community, with the top ten names by popular vote being put to Bishop Gerard Holohan for the final decision.
On July 5, 2019, Rob Crothers was announced as the new principal of the school as Denise O'Meara retired from the role after 12 years.
The first classes as an independent school will be held on February 3 of 2020 for Years 7 and 12, with the first Year 8-11 classes held the following day.
The Stage One design won the 2015 Think Brick Horbury Hunt Commercial Award and was also awarded a Commendation in Educational Architecture at the 2016 and 2017 WA Architecture Awards.
The College participates in the annual Western Australian Debating League regional competition, and were 2016 Junior Champions and 2018 and 2019 Junior Runner-ups.
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Students who commenced in 2019 or earlier were assigned to Bunbury Catholic College houses, and were transitioned to OLMC houses in 2020.
Parents, students, and staff were then encouraged to vote on the potential names with the 10 most popular put to Bishop Gerard Holohan for the final decision, which was announced on May 22, 2019.
The college's name is commonly abbreviated to OLMC and is often referred to as simply Mercy, a widespread habit originally derived from the former name, Mercy Campus.
The name recognises the campus's history and pays tribute to the role that the Sisters of Mercy played in its formation.
A second round of voting followed, with a vote being held between the two most popular designs, with the winner being used as the College crest.
The College colours were chosen by the Parents & Friends association and staff, and are intended to reflect the College’s location.
Protests are taking place across India and overseas against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), which was enacted into law on 12 December 2019, and against proposals to enact a nationwide National Register of Citizens (NRC).
The Amendment benefits Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, Christian and Parsi refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who sought refuge in India before 2015; the Amendment leaves out Muslims and others from these countries, as well as refugee Sri Lankan Tamils in India, Rohingyas from Myanmar, and Buddhist refugees from Tibet.
The proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC) will be an official record of all legal citizens of India where individuals would have to provide a prescribed set of documents issued before a specified cutoff date for inclusion in the register.
Those who fail to qualify for the NRC will be able to avail the benefits of the CAA if they claim to be religious minorities fleeing persecution from the listed countries.
Protesters throughout India, see the new law as discriminating against Muslims and the poor who do not have access to valid proofs of citizenship, and as unconstitutional; they are demanding the amendment be scrapped and that the nationwide NRC not be implemented.
They are concerned that Muslim citizens of India, and poor Indians will be rendered stateless and put into detention camps, by the proposed nationwide NRC in combination with the CAA.
They are also concerned that all citizens will be affected by the bureaucratic exercise of the NRC where they will have to prove their citizenship for inclusion in the registry.
Protesters in Assam and other northeastern states do not want Indian citizenship to be granted to any refugee or immigrant, regardless of their religion, as they fear it would alter the region's demographic balance, resulting in a loss of their political rights, culture, and land.
They are concerned that it will motivate further migration from Bangladesh as well as violate the Assam Accord, which was a prior agreement reached with the central government on migrants and refugees.
Police forcibly entered the campus of Jamia, used batons and tear gas on the students, and more than 200 students were injured and around 100 were detained overnight in the police station.
Two 17-year old minors were among those reported to have been killed due to police firing live ammunition on protesters in Assam.
So far, at least eight states have announced that they will not implement the Act or the National Register of Citizens (NRC).
While one state and two union territories have refused to implement the CAA, three other states have only declined the implementation of the NRC.
In response, the Union Home Ministry has stated that states lack the legal power to stop the implementation of Citizenship Amendment Act as the act has been enacted under the Union List of the 7th Schedule to the Constitution of India.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 (CAB) was introduced by the Home Minister on the floor of the Parliament of India in 9 December 2019, in response to the exclusion of 1.9 million people, predominantly Hindus in the National Register of Citizens for Assam.
It amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to grant a swifter path to Indian citizenship under the assumption of religious persecution to any individual belonging to the specific minorities of Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, who entered India on or before 31 December 2014.
The Act also seeks to relax the requirement of residence in India for citizenship by naturalization from 11 years to 5 years for migrants covered under the Act.
However, the Act does not mention Muslims and does not offer the same eligibility benefits to Muslim immigrants or immigrants belonging to other religions.
The Act also does not mention any benefits for various other refugees which form the bulk of the refugees living in India, such as Sri Lankan Tamil refugees who faced persecution during the Sri Lankan Civil War, Rohingya refugees who were victims of the Rohingya genocide, Nepali refugees who faced ethnic cleansing in Bhutan and Tibetan Buddhist refugees who faced persecution in China.
According to the Intelligence Bureau, the immediate beneficiaries of the new law will be 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis.
Critics of the Act have stated that due to the National Register of Citizens (NRC), Muslims could be made stateless, while the Citizenship Amendment Act would be able to shield people with Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian identity as a means of providing them with Indian citizenship even if they failed to prove that they were citizens of India under the stringent requirements of the NRC.
Some critics allege that it is a deliberate attempt at disenfranchising and segregating Muslims in line with the ethnonationalist Hindutva ideology of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
The home minister Amit Shah had previously set a deadline for the implementation of a countrywide NRC by stating that the register would be rolled out before the 2024 Lok Sabha elections.
Protesters in Assam and other northeastern states opposed the grant of Indian citizenship to any refugee or immigrant, regardless of their religion, because they fear it would alter the region's demographic balance.
They have campaigned since the 1970s against all refugees, and they fear that the new law will cause a loss of their political rights, culture and land.
They are also concerned that it will trigger more migration from Bangladesh as well as violate the Assam Accord, which was a prior agreement reached with the central government on migrants and refugees.
Authorities had arrested over 3000 protesters as of 17 December 2019, and some news outlets have described these protests as riots.
The Act was criticized by various NGOs, students bodies and liberal, progressive, and socialist organizations across the country, with the Indian National Congress and other major political parties announcing their staunch opposition.
The states of Rajasthan, West Bengal, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Telangana and Chhattisgarh have announced that they will not implement either the National Register of Citizens (NRC) or the Citizenship Amendment Act.
The states of Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha have however refused to only implement the NRC, while the state of Punjab and the union territories of Delhi and Puducherry have refused to implement the Act while only expressing disapproval of the NRC.
The states of West Bengal and Kerala have also put a hold on all activities relating to the preparation and update of the National Population Register which is necessary for the Census as well as the implementation of the National Register of Citizens.
Although some of the states have opposed the Act, the Union Home Ministry clarified that states lack the legal power to stop the implementation of CAA.
The Indian Union Muslim League and various other bodies have also petitioned the Supreme Court of India to strike down the Act as illegal and unconstitutional.
According to Yashwant Sinha, a former administrator, Minister of Finance and Minister of External Affairs under Prime Ministers Chandra Shekhar and Atal Bihari Vajpayee respectively, the unrest witnessed is also caused due to the economic crisis facing the country where the issue of CAA-NRC has acted as a trigger for it.
The State Bank of India estimates a growth rate of 4.6% for the financial year 2020, which would be the lowest since the 2008 Global Recession where the growth rate had been 3.9%.
The unemployment rate of India was reported to have reached a 45 year high of 6.1% in the financial year of 2017–2018.
The Center for Monitoring Indian Economy stated the unemployment rate to be 8.45% with a rate of 37.48% for the 20-24 age group and 12.81% for the 25-29 age group in October 2019.
The Oxfam India data states that the richest 1% of the population's control over the country's wealth increased from 58% to 73% between 2018–2019, while the wealth of the poorest 50% increased by 1%.
Various opposition parties supporting the protests have announced that they will bring up economic crisis as an issue of protest alongside CAA and NRC.
Several opposition and protesting leaders have stated that the issue of CAA and NRC were brought about to divert the political discourse away from the economic condition of the country.
After the bill was approved on 4 December 2019, violent protests erupted in Assam, especially in Guwahati, and other areas in the state.
Reactionary protests were held as well in several metropolitan cities across India, including Delhi, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata and Mumbai.
Reactionary protests were also held at universities across the country including Cotton University, Gauhati University, IIT Bombay, Madras University, Presidency University, Kolkata, Jamia Millia Islamia, Osmania University, University of Hyderabad, University of Delhi, Panjab University and Aligarh Muslim University.
By 16 December, the protests had spread across India with demonstrations occurring in at least 17 cities including Chennai, Jaipur, Bhopal, Lucknow and Puducherry.
Scholars from major academic institutions in India, including JNU, Delhi University, all the Indian Institutes of Technology, the Indian Statistical Institute, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, among many others had signed the solidarity statement.
On 19 December police banned protests in several parts of India with the imposition of Section 144 which prohibits the gathering of more than 4 individuals in a public space as being unlawful, namely, parts of the capital New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka, including Bangalore.
As Section 144 was imposed, the students of IIM-Bangalore demonstrate their protest peacefully by laying shoes and placards infront of the institute gate, which they called the Shoe Satyagraha.
Following IIM-Ahmedabad and Bangalore, IIM-Calcutta raised their voice peacefully in solidarity against the Act and the brutal misconduct by police against the students who were protesting all over the country.
Several institutes in Kozhikode including IIM-Kozhikode, NIT-Calicut, Government Medical College, Kozhikode and Farook College expressed their protest from 19 to 20 December.
As a result of defying the ban, thousands of protesters were detained, primarily in Delhi, including several opposition leaders and activists such as Ramachandra Guha, Sitaram Yechury, Yogendra Yadav, Umar Khalid, Sandeep Dikshit, and D Raja.
Civil society groups, political parties, students, activists and ordinary citizens used social medial platforms to ask people to turn up and protest peacefully.
The signatories including actor Naseeruddin Shah, Ratna Patak Shah, Jaaved Jafferi, Nandita Das, Lillete Dubey film-maker Mira Nair, writers Anita Desai, Kiran Desai, actors, sociologist Ashis Nandy, activists Sohail Hashmi and Shabnam Hashmi among others.
Protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 had been started by students of Cotton University a few days before the controversial bill was produced on the floor of the Lok Sabha.
After the bill was cleared on 4 December 2019, violent protests erupted in Assam, especially in Guwahati, and other areas in the state.
The Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 made 2014 as the cut-off date to determine illegal foreigners but according to people opposing the act, Assam bore the brunt of immigrants from 1951 to 1971, while other states did not.
The protesters were angry that the new law would allow thousands of Bengali speaking non-Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh to become legal citizens of India, thereby influencing the political and cultural environment of Assam.
Thousands of members and workers of All Assam Students Union (AASU) and 30 other indigenous organizations, artists, cultural activists of the state had gathered at Latasil ground in the capital city of Assam to stage Satyagraha against the Act on 16, 17 and 18 December.
Assam Police subsequently detained the general secretary, the adviser to the AASU and over 2,000 protesters in Guwahati during a protest rally on 18 December.
On 12 December, security personnel, including CRPF jawans with batons and shields barged into the office of a private TV channel of Assam, Prag News in Guwahati and attacked its staffers with batons during protests against the amended Citizenship Act.
In Dibrugarh, the All Assam Student's Union members vandalised the district office of the Asom Gana Parishad which had voted in favor of the act as part of the ruling Coalition.
Peasant leader, Akhil Gogoi, was arrested in Jorhat on 12 December as a preventive measure by authorities to prevent him from organizing any protests.
According to the Assam government, people have been arrested by the Assam Police for their alleged involvement in the violent incidents during the anti-CAA protests across the state, as of 17 December.
A curfew was also declared in Assam and Tripura due to the protests, leading to army deployment as protesters defied the curfews.
On 15 December, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital official stated that Ishwar Nayak died on the night of 14 December and Abdul Alim died on 15 December morning.
As of 15 December, it was reported that at least 6 people had died due to police firing during the protests.
After ten days of restriction, mobile internet services in the state was restored from 20 December although the Gauhati High Court had ordered the government of Assam to restore the service by 5 pm on 19 December.
By 22 December, the number of arrested people rose to 393 with 28 cases being registered for making offensive and provocative posts on social media.
At Chowkidinghee playground, Dibrugarh, 24 December saw one of the largest mass gatherings of CAA protests in Assam organised by All Assam Students' Union.
On 9 January, Musical protests against CAA were planned at Gauhati Club in Assam by AASU, along with 30 other organisations and artist communities.
On 22 January, thousands of students from 9 universities in North-East India boycott classes and join protest march in the states of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh.
On 11 December, Pradyot Manikya Debbarma, the royal scion, led the largest protest in Tripura so far consisting of thousands of people.
He added that the state has already accommodated many migrants from East Pakistan and further immigration due to CAA will endanger the threatened indigenous residents of Tripura as the.
On 13 December 2019, the students of Jamia Millia Islamia University undertook a march to the Parliament protesting against the CAA.
They were prevented from going ahead by the police who used batons and tear gas to disperse the protesters leading to clashes with them.
Police denied the allegations claiming that after the protestors were prevented from taking their march onwards they attacked the policemen with stones first.
On the morning of 15 December 2019, more than two thousand students of Jamia joined the protests against CAA in Delhi.
Jamia Millia Student Body and Jamia Millia Islamia Teacher's Association (JTA) condemned the violence that happened on the same day in Delhi and stated that no student or teacher was involved in the violence.
At 6:46 pm on 15 December 2019, hundreds of police officers forcefully entered the campus of Jamia, without the permission of college authority.
On 16 December 2019, two students of Jamia were admitted to the Safdarjung Hospital with bullet injuries received during the protests on 15 December.
One of the victims, M. Tamin stated that he was not participating in the protest and was passing through the area on a motorcycle, when police suddenly started caning the protesters and he was shot in the leg by police from point blank range.
The vice chancellor stated that they will file a court case against the police, demanding an investigation on how police entered the university premises and assaulted the students.
On 15 December, Delhi Police attacked students of Jamia Millia Islamia including Shaheen Abdullah, Chanda Yadav, Ladeeda Farzana and Aysha Renna at New Friends Colony.
Actor Swara Bhaskar, praised the students protests for raising their voice against communalism and called the police action as dictatorial, brutal, shocking and shameful.
Amnesty International India criticized the police for the violence against the students of Jamia and Aligarh University and stated that the allegations of police brutality and sexual harassment against the students should be investigated and culprits be punished.
Defending the right of the students to protest, its director stated that the arrest of protesters violate India's obligations under the Article 19 and Article 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to respect and protect the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly.
In response to the police crackdown in Jamia Millia Islamia University and Aligarh Muslim University, protests were also joined by the students of the educational institutions of IIT Kanpur, IIT Madras, Jadavpur University, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, IISc, Pondicherry University, IIM Ahmedabad, as well as organisations such as Pinjra Tod and the Students' Federation of India.
On 17 December, police arrested ten people (some of them having criminal history) in the case of the violent clashes in Jamia.
On 13 January, several student groups protested outside the office of Vice-Chancellor asking to reschedule the exam dates, filing a case against Delhi Police and ensuring the safety of students.
On 19 December, People's Union for Democratic Rights' fact-finding team consisting of activists Yogendra Yadav, Harsh Mander and Kavita Krishnan released a report on police crackdown at the Aligarh Muslim University.
The report was prepared after visiting the campus, based on the video and audio clips of the incident, statements of the injured students and witnesses.
On 24 December 1000 – 1200 protesters were booked after organising a candle march inside Aligarh Muslim University for violating section 144.
At 7 am on 16 January, Vice-Chancellor met the protesting students and expressed regret for calling police inside the AMU campus to handle the law and order situation inside campus.
The VC asked to students to cooperate with the fact-finding committee and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) team that was visiting the campus.
On 16 December, around 300 students of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, in Lucknow had planned a peaceful protest march against CAA and in solidarity with the students of AMU.
The police locked the gates of the campus from outside and guarded it with a heavy deployment of police to prevent the students from coming out of the campus and undertaking the planned march.
The police officers were seen hitting the students with sticks as in the video footage of the incident telecast on news channels.
The student stated that they were neither involved in any violence, nor did they block any roads and yet they were charged with batons.
On 5 January, at 6:30pm, a masked mob consisting of more than 60-100 people armed with rods and sticks attacked the campus of Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi.
The mob assaulted journalists and social activist, Yogendra Yadav in the presence of media and police, who attempted to enter the campus on receiving news of the incident.
The mob also punctured the tires of ambulances attending to the victims of the assault which had left more than 42 students and teachers as severely injured.
Students of the campus including the JNUSU president, Aishe Ghosh who was brutally attacked on head and was hospitalised, alleged the police of intentional inaction as police were informed before the assault about unknown groups entering in the campus.
The students and left wing organisations accused the members of the BJP's student wing, Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad of orchestrating the attacks, while ABVP accused the left wing organisations.
On 14 December 2019, thousands of agitators packed into Jantar Mantar Road, filling up a space estimated to be half the size of a football ground, as multiple demonstrations occurred against the CAA in Delhi.
On 16 December, Priyanka Gandhi led a silent protest at the India Gate along with about three hundred congress workers to show solidarity with the students of Jamia Millia Islamia.
At least 700 flights were delayed and more than 20 cancelled due to traffic jams caused by police closing the roads to stifle protests.
Politicians Yogendra Yadav, Sitaram Yechury, Nilotpal Basu, Brinda Karat, Ajay Maken, Brinda Karat, Prakash Karat, Sandeep Dikshit, Umar Khalid and D. Raja along with around 1,200 protesters were detained by the police.
Amid nationwide crackdown because of CAA, Bhim Army Chief Chandrashekhar Azad's permission for the march from Jama Masjid to Jantar Mantar had been denied by Delhi Police.
In spite of the denial of permission and the imposition of Section 144, a protest march was held where Azad was able to escape after being detained by the police.
The protests were peaceful throughout the day, but in the evening a car was torched in Daryaganj after which the police attacked the protesters with water cannons and lathi charge.
On the aftermath, Chandrashekhar Azad accused the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh of being responsible for the violence and sought for the resignation of the Union Home Minister, Amit Shah.
On 21 December, Chandrashekhar Azad was arrested along with 27 people and three FIRs were registered for the violent incidents on 20 December at Delhi Gate and Seemapuri.
However, when presented in the Delhi Tis Hazari court on 14 January 2020, the court questioned the public prosecutor about what is wrong with protesting since many people who protested in past are sitting chairpersons in the present government.
Protests were conducted by the journalists against the police brutality on the journalists covering the Anti-CAA protests especially in the states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.
He further added that the other states were peaceful and hinted that the differences between the situation in the states show the who were encouraging violence.
93 other students protesting outside Assam Bhawan and demanding the release of RTI activist Akhil Gogoi were detained by the police.
On 24 December 2019, Police imposed a ban on gatherings in central Delhi's Mandi House near the Lutyens' Zone to prevent the protest march of students from multiple universities.
On 27 December, the Delhi Police used Facial recognition software by recording a video of the protester and checking it with the database of criminals maintained by them.
On 14 January, Supreme Court lawyers conducted a protest march from the Supreme Court to Jantar Mantar to protest against the CAA, NRC and NRP.
On 19 January, in Delhi, hundreds of protesters joined a protest march holding lighted candles from Jamia University to Shaheen Bagh.
The protest began in the afternoon of 14 December with just 15 local women, and went on to gather thousands of protesters with crowds reaching as high as 100,000 on Sundays.
Five trains were set on fire by the protesters in Lalgola and Krishnapur railway stations in Murshidabad district; railway tracks were also damaged in Suti.
On Monday, 16 December 2019, tens of thousands of people joined a protest march led by Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee and her ruling Trinamool Congress party.
Mamata Banerjee stated that the NRC and CAA would not be implemented in West Bengal state as long as she was alive.
She appealed people not to resort to violence, while accusing people from outside the state and members of the BJP of engaging in arson.
On Tuesday, 17 December 2019, protests that included road and rail blockades continued in parts of West Bengal including the districts of South 24 Parganas, North 24 Parganas and Nadia.
On 18 December, a young BJP workers along with five associates, wearing lungi and skullcap were seen by the local residents throwing stones on a train engine.
According to the police, as of 21 December, more than 600 people had been arrested for allegedly being involved in the violence.
On 19 December 2019, a crowd with thousands of protesters gathered at Moulali in central Kolkata to peacefully object CAA and NRC.
Mamata Banerjee held a second rally in Kolkata and stated that the Central Government was trying to project the CAA Protests as though it was a Hindu vs Muslim fight.
On 21 December 2019, a spontaneous protest march that the police estimated to be of 6 km long was held in Kolkata from Shahid Minar till Mahajati Sadan.
The vice president of the BJP West Bengal unit raised questions that why the Muslims were excluded from the amendment if it was not about religion.
On 24 December 2019, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee lead a protest march in Kolkata from Swami Vivekananda statue at Bidhan Sarani.
But a few days ago, BJP president and Union Home Minister Amit Shah had said NRC exercise would be carried out across the country.
On 3 January, the radical Islamic organisation Popular Front of India (PFI) had planned an anti CAA protest for 5 January, but the West Bengal police denied permission for it.
SFI leader stated that the protests would continue till Sunday, until PM Modi (who had been visiting the city) was in Kolkata.
On 23 December 2019, Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar was stopped by the students at Jadavpur University, from attending the university convocation ceremony.
Protests begun in Malerkotta, Patiala and Ludhiana with the support of Khalsa Aid, Alliance of Sikh Organizations and various Dalit organisations.
Students of Panjab University, Punjabi University and Central University of Punjab took a leading role in the protests backed by the Association of Democratic Rights.
Access to the internet was restricted in Azamgarh district for 2 days, after protest continued for 2 days in the area.
Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath stated that the authorities would seize the properties of those who indulge in violence in the state.
Arif (25), Zaheer (40), and Moshin (25) from Meerut, while Anas (22) and Sulaiman (26) from Nehtaur area, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh.
Rights activists in Uttar Pradesh, said local policemen were conducting raids on their houses and offices to prevent them from planning fresh demonstrations.
According to the Press Trust of India, the death toll from Friday's protests in Uttar Pradesh's 13 districts has risen to 11.
Amid police crackdown across Uttar Pradesh over the protests, families in Bijnor's Nehtaur alleged that vandalism by the state police has forced them to flee their homes.
In Rampur, the protesters held a general strike (bandh) while a ban on public assembly was in force in the state.
According to the UP Police, as of 21 December a total of 218 people have been arrested in the city of Lucknow.
On 22 December 2019, large number of police personnel were deployed in several districts in Uttar Pradesh, including Lucknow, Meerut, Aligarh, Saharanpur and Muzaffarnagar.
Police cases were registered against 31 leaders of the Samajwadi Party and 150 party workers in Banda, Uttar Pradesh for violating the ban on public assembly.
Chief Minister, Adityanath had threatened the protesters that his government would auction the properties of the rioters to recover the losses due to the damage made to the property.
Several CCTV videos were released from the public in Muzaffarnagar that showed Police personnel vandalizing property, damaging cars and shops, even though the government blamed the protesters for the damage.
On 26 December, In Sambhal, UP, the government sent notices to 26 people for their alleged involvement in damaging properties during protests and asked them to explain their position or pay for the loss due to damage of property.
Earlier, on 22 December, the UP government had created a panel to assess the damage to the property and to recover the losses by seizing the property of the alleged protesters.
Even though the official figure of number of deaths so far in UP was 19, opposition parties claimed that the actual figure was higher.
The UP police had maintained that the deaths of protesters were not the result of police firing, but later on they admitted that some deaths were indeed caused by the police but attributed those incidents to shots fired in self defence.
The UP government asked the Union Home Minister, to ban the radical Islamic organisation Popular Front of India (PFI) alleging that it was involved in violence during the protests in the state.
On 17 January in Lucknow, around 500 women along with their children started a sit in protest at 2 pm near the Clock Tower.
On the night of 18 January, Uttar Pradesh police cracked down on the CAA protesters and snatched their blankets, utensils and food items.
The protesters alleged that police also cut the electricity connection to the ground, locked the public toilet nearby and poured water on the bonfire in the winter night.
The Police had issued a prohibition on assembly in Lucknow, and stated that they will prosecute the protesters for violating it.
On 21 January, police registered cases against 160 women for violation of the ban on assembly and protesting against CAA in Lucknow.
Despite ban on assembly in Lucknow on 21 January, Home Minister Amit Shah was allowed by the administration to address a pro CAA public rally.
On 16 December, in response to the police crackdown at Jamia Millia University in Delhi and Aligarh Muslim University over the Citizenship Amendment Act, clashes between the police and protesters occurred in Dakshintola area of Mau, Uttar Pradesh in which stone pelting happened and at least fifteen vehicles (including police vehicles) were torched.
On 17 December, students of IIT Kanpur assembled in a peaceful protest against the CAA and to express solidarity with the students of Jamia Millia Islamia.
During the protest, the students sung a popular Urdu nazm by revolutionary poet Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Hum Dekhenge, a song of resistance and defiance and against state oppression.
A temporary faculty made a complaint to the Deputy Director of IIT Kanpur against the song alleged the poem provokes anti-Hindu sentiments whereas Faiz himself was an atheist and the poem was wriiten as metaphors of traditional Islamic imagery to subvert and challenge oppressive regime.
A commission was subsequently set up; however, the student media body rejected the charges as misinformed and communal, which divorced the poem out of its societal context.
Later the administration clarified that it was not going to probe whether the recital of Hum Dekhenge is anti-Hindu or not.
In Bangalore, the IISc students organised silent protest in the campus in solidarity with the students of Delhi and other parts of India.
In Raichur protests were held after the announcement of the CAA, as the protestors had concerns that approximately 5,000 of the 20,000 Bangladeshi immigrants in the Sindhanur camp would get Indian citizenship.
The rally was held 13-acre Peer Bangali ground, where people waving national flags had occupied the ground and the nearby roads.
Sitaram Yechury, general secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) and M. Mallikarjun Kharge, general secretary of the All-India Congress Committee, activists Swamy Agnivesh and former IAS officer Sasikanth Senthil gave speeches in the event.
On 4 January in Bangalore hundreds of protesters participated in a rally and accused Modi government of attempts to divide India on the basis of religion, and distracting people from the issues of economic slowdown and job losses in the country.
They then made an organized attempt to attack a police station, block all roads to the station, stone the police personnel and steal firearms.
The family of the deceased stated that the police used excessive force and should have tried to disperse the crowd instead.
In Mangalore 38 protesters from Campus Front of India who were marching towards the Deputy Commissioner residence were arrested by the police arrested on charges of blocking traffic on Balmatta Road.
On 19 December, a curfew was imposed in Mangalore until 20 December, while protesters marched on the streets defying prohibitory orders.
Karnataka Police restricted the entry of people from Kerala to Mangalore at the Thalappady state border and detained more than 50 people without identity cards.
On 20 December, the mobile phones of several journalists in Mangalore (many from Kerala) were confiscated and the journalists were detained.
The Chief Minister of Kerala, Pinarayi Vijayan who condemned the action as an attack on media freedom and intervened after which the journalists were released.
On 22 December, the Karnataka government announced a compensation of each to the families of the two men killed in violent protests in Mangalore on 19 December.
On 15 January, more than 200,000 people joined the Anti-CAA protests in Mangalore, hundreds of people came to the venue in boats carrying Indian flags.
An organizer said that they considered the CAA, an anti-constitutional law that will be affecting not just Muslims but all religions.
Effigies of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah were burnt, after which more than a hundred people were detained by the police.
Demonstrations protesting against the CAA and the attack on students in Delhi were also held by the students of Government Law College at Katpadi and Government Arts College in Tiruvannamalai.
On 20 December, actor Siddharth, singer T. M. Krishna and 600 others were detained for anti-CAA protests in Valluvar Kottam In Chennai.
On 16 December, around 50 people protesting outside the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad and CEPT University were detained by the Gujarat Police.
The graffiti was made at locations that included police headquarters, Kala Ghoda Circle, the Fatehgunj pavilion wall and the wall of a hostel near Rosary School.
On 15 January, a petition was filed in Gujarat high court asking for the court's intervention to allow the petitioners to hold Anti-CAA protests in Ahmedabad.
The petitioners stated that Police did not grant them permission for peaceful anti-CAA protests but granted permission to 62 programmes held by the BJP to support the CAA.
The petitioners said that the administration keeps denying the permission to Anti-CAA protesters and called it a violation of fundamental rights of the citizens.
On 16 December, the ruling coalition, the Left Democratic Front (LDF), and the opposition coalition, the United Democratric Front (UDF), organized a joint hunger strike in the Thiruvananthapuram Martyr's Square.
On December 17, A dawn-to-dusk hartal (shutdown) was observed in Kerala by Welfare Party of India, Bahujan Samaj Party, Social Democratic Party of India and other 30 organization against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act and the police violence against students at various universities across the country, in relation to anti-CAA protests.
The Kerala police detained 233 people in connection with the hartal, including 55 people in Ernakulam, 51 in Thrissur and 35 in Idukki.
Another march led by CPI state secretary Kanam Rajendran was also held at the same time started from Kalamassery and ended in Rajendra Maidanam.
On 28 December, several delegates attending the Indian History Congress held at Kannur University protested during Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan's speech.
On 1 January 2020 in Kochi, around half a million assembled in peaceful rally to protest against the CAA-NRC, held between Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium and Marine Drive.
On 14 January, the Kerala government approached Supreme court to challenge the CAA under section 131 of the constitution and becomes the first state to do so.
The article 131 of the Indian constitution provides Supreme court the power to decide the disputes between the states and the Government of India.
Vijayan added that Kerala will save the rights of the citizens from the unconstitutional CAA by fighting against it using constitutional methods.
On 26 January, to protest against the CAA and the proposed NRC the Left Democratic Front led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) organized the Manushya Maha Sringhala.
It was a human chain, where approximately 6 to 7 million people participated and extended for a distance of 620 kilometers from Kasaragod to Kaliyikkavila.
On 16 December, protests consisting of thousands of students from major institutes such as University of Hyderabad, Osmania University and MANU University demanding a rollback of the CAA occurred in Hyderabad.
Demands calling for the end of the silence of the Chief Minister, K. Chandrashekar Rao were also raised, whose party, Telangana Rashtra Samithi had voted against the bill in parliament.
On 16 December, thousands of protesters including farmer leaders, student activists, Dalit leaders and people with disability hit the road in Odisha against the CAA, NRC and the attack on Jamia students.
while his party, Janata Dal (United), had supported the bill in both the Houses of Parliament as part of the alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party.
The JD(U) party strategist Prashant Kishor, party spokesperson Pavan Verma and MLC Gulam Rasool Balyawi had voiced dissatisfaction over the party's stance on CAA.
On 19 December, Nitish Kumar declared that the NRC will not be implemented in the state, becoming the first major Bharatiya Janata Party ally to reject the controversial measure.
On 19 December, a bandh was called by communist parties in Bihar, supported by a number of small parties, where protesters blocked rail and road traffic in protest against CAA and the proposed countrywide implementation of NRC.
In Nawada, bandh supporters demonstrated on National Highway 31 where wheels were burned on the road and the movement of vehicles was disrupted, while in Vaishali, the highway was blocked with the help of buffaloes.
In Patna, hundreds of party supporters with lathis entered the railway stations and bus stations with party flags, but were repulsed by policemen.
From 19 December, protests and demonstrations were held in several cities in the state such as Mumbai, Pune, Nashik, Malegaon, Kolhapur and Nagpur.
In the rally a high court judge, Ravi Shakar Bhure said that the judiciary had become helpless as well and termed the actions of the government to be part of a massive conspiracy.
In Mumbai, several actors including Farhan Akhtar, Swara Bhaskar, Huma Qureshi, Raj Babbar, Sushant Singh, Javed Jaffrey, Aditi Rao Hydari, Parvathy Thiruvothu, Konkona Sen Sharma, Nandita Das, Arjun Mathur and filmmakers Anurag Kashyap, Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, and Saeed Mirza joined in the protest venue.
Mumbai police was applauded by prominent artists including Farhan Akhtar, Swara Bhaskar, Kunal Kamra, politician Milind Deora and citizens for its professional conduct in maintaining law and order.
On 1 February, thousands gathered for the pride parade, Queer Azaadi Mumbai at August Kranti Maidan which joined in slogans against the CAA and NRC.
On 11 January, an all women sit in protest was started outside Konark Mall in Kondhwa, in Pune, organized by Kul Jamaat-e-Tanzeem, an umbrella body of several organisations.
the protests started with fewer people participating but the crowd grew steadily and reached around 500-600 protesters as reported on 19 January.
The venue had banners with slogans such as 'Tumhari Lathi Se Tej Hamari Awaaz Hai' and 'Liar Liar Desh on Fire', as well as 'India Needs Education, Jobs, Not CAA, NRC, NPR'.
The protestors stated that CAA was against the constitution and is an attempt to divide the people based on their religion.
The protest march was supported by several political parties including Congress, Aam Aadmi Party, Rashtriya Lok Dal and Janata Dal (Secular).
On 25 January, Rajasthan Assembly with Congress in majority, passed a resolution asking the Central government to repeal CAA and also objected against the NPR and NRC.
Various cities around the world, including New York, Washington D. C., Paris, Berlin, Geneva, Barcelona, San Francisco, Tokyo, Helsinki, and Amsterdam had witnessed protests against the Act and the police brutality faced by Indian protesters.
Protests were held in solidarity with Indian protesters outside the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial in Washington D. C. Protests were also held at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, where the students held demonstrations against the violent police crackdown in Jamia Milia Islamia.
Around 100 students and faculty members of Columbia University tore up copies of the CAA and 150 others marched to the Indian consulate in Chicago to condemn the repressive behaviour of police against the students.
On 19 December, around 400 present students along with former students of Harvard University, Columbia University, Yale University, Stanford University, Brown University, Johns Hopkins University, Cornell University, Carnegie Mellon University, Purdue University, University of California and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology condemned the arbitrary use of power of policing and asked the Home Minister of India, Amit Shah to curb the brutality.
On 26 January 2020, the 71st Republic Day of India, protest held in 30 cities the United States including cities which have Indian consulated like, New York, Chicago, Houston, Atlanta and San Francisco and at the Indian Embassy in Washington DC.
Various organisations including Indian American Muslim Council (IAMC), Equality Labs, Black Lives Matter (BLM), Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP) and Hindus for Human Rights (HfHR) participated in the protest.
The University and College Union, Edinburgh had released a statement in solidarity condemning the brutal inflictions exercised by state police on the students of various universities in the country who were protesting against the Act.
On 20 December 2019, students from various universities in the Netherlands protested against the Act and the National Register of Citizens in front of the Indian Embassy at The Hague.
Around 300 students from University of Leiden, University of Groningen, and Erasmus University assembled in a peaceful protest by reading the Preamble to the Constitution of India and anti-CAA slogans.
Protests were also held in Berlin, Germany and Zurich, Switzerland with Berlin even seeing a protest march from the Brandenburg Gate till the Indian embassy.
On 21 December 2019, around a hundred students and professionals of Indian origin living in Munich, Germany gathered at the memorial to the White Rose Movement outside the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and protested against the CAA, NRC, and the police action against the students of Jamia Millia Islamia and Aligarh Muslim University.
A letter of solidarity with protests in India and condemning the citizenship legislation, signed by hundreds of students and other professionals including eminent writers like Shumona Sinha, Amit Chaudhuri, musicians- Jean-Philippe Rykiel, Prabhu Edouard et al.
On 4 January 2020, peaceful and song-filled protests by students, educationists and others from the Indian and foreign diaspora were held at Parvis du Trocadéro in Paris and also in front of the Indian Embassy, Paris despite facing the irk of some local BJP supporters.
On 20 January, several Labour MPs of the UK parliament discussed the concerns on the CAA, in a meeting organised by South Asia Solidarity Group (SASG) and Ambedkar International Mission (UK) in London.
On 25 January, in London, around 2000 of people from the Indian diaspora and the Human Rights organisation, conducted a protest march against CAA from the Downing street to the Indian High Commission.
The protester also asked for the abolishing the NPR and NRC which could be used along with the CAA for a mass disenfranchisement of Muslims in India.
Labour MPs Stephen Timms, Clive Lewis and Nadia Whittome supported the protest with written messages and asked the UK government to discuss it with the Indian government.
Some of the groups backing the march were Indian Workers Association (GB), School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) India Society, CasteWatch UK, Tamil People in the UK, Indian Muslim Federation(UK), Federation of Redbridge Muslim Organisations (FORMO), Kashmir Solidarity Movement, South Asian Students Against Fascism.
On the same day, students of University of Dhaka assembled in solidarity for the student protesters who were beaten by police and also condemned the CAA.
On 22 December, members of the Indian community in Australia gathered at the Parliament of Victoria in Melbourne in huge numbers and protested against the new Act and police brutality through sloganeering.
Singapore police on 24 December investigated a 32-year-old Indian national for participating in the anti-CAA protest, which authorities termed an unauthorised protest over foreign politics in the seaside financial and tourist district of Marina Bay.
Protesters used the poetry written by revolutionary poets such as Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Habib Jalib, both considered symbols of resistance against military dictatorships and state oppression in Pakistan.
Aziz's work was political poetry which was used during the protests and also to protest against the police brutality on the student protesters who were demonstrating against the Act.
The poem strongly urged not to question the identity and patroitism of the Indian Muslims, the tribals, the poor, the landless, the Dalits and questioned the various actions of right wing organisations in the country.
On 4 December, the draft legislation was shared and the students organisation,  All Assam Students' Union (AASU) objected to the proposal.
As of 4 January 21 people were killed by police firing guns during the CAA protests in Uttar Pradesh, 3 killed in Karnataka and 5 in Assam.
With 19 killed and 1,246 people arrested based on 372 FIRs lodged in the state, UP was the worst affected state with the biggest police crackdown in India.
As the ongoing protest against the Citizenship Act turned violent, authorities of Gauhati University, Dibrugarh University and Cotton University postponed all semester exams scheduled up-to 16 December 2019.
No play was possible on the fourth day of the cricket match between Assam and Services in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy because of the protests.
It was reported that the Indian Railways suffered losses worth in property damage due to the protests, including losses worth over in West Bengal alone.
On 20 December, the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation suspended all bus services to Mangalore, while many Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation buses were blocked in Kerala.
The government imposed internet shutdowns in the states of Assam and Tripura, five districts in West Bengal, Bhopal, Dakshina Kannada and parts of Delhi.
Mobile internet and SMS services were suspended in several places in Uttar Pradesh such as Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Bareilly, Meerut and Prayagraj.
Canada, France, Israel, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, the U.S. and the U.K. have issued travel advisories for nationals travelling to northeast India.
The protests reportedly resulted in a 60% decline in tourists visiting the Taj Mahal in Agra for the month of December.
The number of visitors went down by at least 90% in the state of Assam, according to the head of Assam Tourism Development Corporation.
Rallies and demonstrations in support of Citizenship Amendment Bill were held in New Delhi, Mumbai, Nagpur, Bangalore, Dehradun and some other places.
A rally in Kolkata was headed by Jagat Prakash Nadda, working national president of BJP, and was attended by Hindu refugees from Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Nine Jain organisations came out in support of CAA on 20 December 2019 and thanked a BJP politician and BJP for the Amendment.
Signatories included Swapan Dasgupta, Shishir Bajoria, journalist Kanchan Gupta and JNU faculty and administration including professor Ainul Hasan, JNU dean of students Umesh Ashok Kadam and JNU registrar Pramod Kumar.
The President of Delhi University Students' Union released a statement in support of the CAA which was condemned by other student unions of colleges under Delhi University and also a group of Delhi University students condemned by releasing another statement.
A rally was organised by BJP to support the Citizenship Amendment Act in Assam's Morigaon on 27 December in which over 50,000 civilians, including BJP workers, Asom Gana Parishad and Bodoland People's Front leaders took part.
The 4-km long rally was led by Assam Chief Minister of Assam Sarbananda Sonowal and state Finance Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma.
It was led by the party's Working President J P Nadda to thank Prime Minister Narendra Modi for enacting the Citizenship Amendment Act.
Numerous people who migrated to West Bengal from East Pakistan and later Bangladesh as refugees were present in the rally, besides Sikhs and Muslims.
On 23 December 2019, RSS linked organisations carried out rally in Nagpur which was attended by Nitin Gadkari and Devendra Fadnavis along with 25,000 people.
Devendra Fadnavis, former chief minister of Maharashtra, targeted Shiv Sena at the event organised by BJP's Samvidhan Sanman Manch also organised pro-CAA rally in Mumbai.
Several BJP leaders including Home Minister Amit Shah had publicized a phone number, asking people to call the number as a way to show their support for the CAA.
Many pro-BJP accounts on social media pretending to be of lonely and bored women, were seen sharing the same number and asking people to call, intending to inflate the number of supporters of CAA.
During the protests, there were various instances when netizens, especially those supporting the BJP or working in the party, had spread various messages and posts on social media, intending to paint the anti-CAA protestors in bad light or influence political opinion.
Members of the Indian-American community held a pro-CAA rally in front of the Indian Consulate in Houston on 20 December 2019.
They also held other rallies at Victor Steinbrueck Park, Seattle and Texas State Capitol building in Austin on 22 December 2019.
On 14 January, the Kerala government approached Supreme court to challenge the CAA under section 131 of the constitution that provides Supreme court the power to decide the disputes between the states and the Government of India.
The students' association have called a complete shutdown of the colleges and university in the north-east, on 22 January, asking the court to declare CAA unconstitutional.
The court gave notice to the government on the petitions and allowed one month time to respond in the next hearing in February.
Reacting to the concerns the CJI stated that the law like CAA are not irreversible, and it will hear the interim prayer for a stay on CAA at a future date in February.
Stanley Harwood (June 23, 1926 – August 20, 2010) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1972.
In 2016, she was selected for Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders award, giving her the opportunity to hone her skills and develop professionally at a higher education institution in the United States.
She also served as vice-president of the Sierra Leone Reporters Union, and president of Women in the Media Sierra Leone (WIMSAL), an organization supporting the advancement of women in the media, and providing protection and capacity building for its membership.
Her foundation provides support to girls from disadvantaged backgrounds by giving them access to reproductive health education, scholarships, mentoring, and life skills training.
In December 2018, she initiated the Black Tuesday campaign to protest against the rise of rape and abuse of girls under 12.
He won the seat in the 2015 District Council elections with 50.9% (1,521 votes) of the vote with a gain of 3.3%.
And so does Tehran; a nocturnal underground world unlike any other - A girl looking for her happiness within the chaos of this swallowing world gets into a night cab, unaware of how her life is going to change forever.
Aman Chetri (born 26 July 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Aman was part of the AIFF Elite Academy batch that was preparing for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup to be hosted in India.
Ma Lan (; born September 1958) is a Chinese biologist and the current chairwoman of the Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University.
Then she pursued advanced studies in the United States, earning her Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of North Carolina in 1990.
Her electoral result peaked in 2003 with 73.6% (1,625) votes and has gradually declined to 51.05% (2,669) votes in the 2019 elections.
Born in Poland and educated in Algeria, Canada, and the US, she works at the University of Washington, where she directs the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering.
Her family moved to Algeria, where she studied in a Polish and French speaking school, and then to Quebec, Canada, where she did her university studies in computer engineering at the Polytechnique Montréal.
She joined the University of Washington faculty in 2006, and served the university as Director of the eScience Institute and Associate Vice Provost for Data Science before, in 2019, being appointed as director of the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering.
A family-owned business still owned and operated by the children and grandchildren of its founder, it has been labelled as the largest used bookstore in Canada.
The Montreal store remained in operation until 1999, when its location was expropriated for the expansion of the Palais des congrès de Montréal; Reg Russell then launched the smaller Diamond Books store in another location, and operated it until selling it upon his retirement in 2004.
Upon his retirement, Russell's antiquarian book collection was shipped to the Victoria store, while most of the store's regular stock remained with its new owners.
In the mid-1990s, Russell Books was one of the first independent bookstores in the world to place its inventory on AbeBooks.
In 2005, Diana's son Brandon and his wife Charlene helped start up another store, Books on View, as a division of Russell Books, in the Sayward Building at the corner of View and Douglas Streets.
The main store expanded its space several times, taking over the upstairs floor of an adjoining building in 2008 and taking over the neighbouring Fort Café in 2013.
In 2019, the main store moved across the street to a larger location in a former Staples outlet, with 10,000 square feet on the main floor and 8,000 square feet below.
Prior to the move, Russell Books claimed it was the largest used bookseller in Canada, with their locations containing over 1 million volumes.
On November 14, 2019, as an event promoting their new location, the bookstore set a new world record for the number of stacked Guinness World Records books.
The way of life of the people, the predominance of cattle breeding contributed to the formation of an original culture, traditions and cuisine of the Bashkirs.
The love of Bashkirs for horse sausage «kazy» and horse fat deserves special attention: Bashkirs love to eat horsemeat with thick slices of fat, washed down with sour broth Korot (fermented milk product), neutralizing the effects of such an amount of fat.
The bulk of Bashkir national dishes are boiled, dried and dried horse meat, lamb, dairy products, dried berries, dried cereals, honey.
cottage cheese) and ayran( doogh )— All these dishes are stored for a relatively long time even in the summer heat and it is convenient to take them with you on the go.
It is believed that kumis was prepared exactly on the road — a vessel with mare's milk was tied to the saddle and hung out during the day.
The traditional Bashkir dish bishbarmak is prepared from boiled meat and salma (a variety of coarsely chopped noodles), abundantly sprinkled with herbs and onions and seasoned with korot.
Dishes like ayran, buza (wheat or oatmeal drink), kazy, katlama, kumis, manti, oyre (soup), umas-ashy and many others are considered national dishes of many peoples from Ural mountains to Far East.
Not a single tea party is possible without real Bashkir honey, a sandwich with fresh rustic sour cream is one of the examples of Bashkir national cuisine.
Modern Bashkir dishes have preserved all the originality of traditional Bashkir cuisine and complemented it, diversifying the range of products and serving.
Despite the abundance and luxury of modern dishes, traditional dishes occupy a special place in the Bashkir cuisine and on the festive table.
The Bashkirs have a popular expression — «drink tea.» Behind this expression lies an invitation to the Bashkir tea party with pies, yuyasa, boiled meat, sausage, cheesecakes, sour cream, jam, honey and all that the hostess has at her disposal.
«Drinking tea» at the Bashkirs means «a little snack» — it is obvious that such «tea» is able to replace breakfast or lunch by its fullness.
The tradition of adding milk to tea is so old that in some regions the issue of when to add milk to a cup is a subject of debate: before pouring tea or after.
The Bashkirs have many festive dishes prepared on special occasions: keyeu-bilmene (Pelmeni ) - special small dumplings that are prepared for the wedding in honor of the groom, keelen-tukmasy (noodle ) - special noodles that the bride prepares to show her ability: such noodles should be especially thin and crumbly.
The chak-chak, prepared by the bride, is an obligatory part of the wedding ritual — with the washed hands the bride puts a piece of chak-chak into the mouth of all guests after the wedding.
Kaz-oemahe is a special occasion for a festive feast when the hostess invites neighbors to help with geese ; in the evening, at the end of work, the hostess treats everyone with fresh goose.
Ricky Shabong (born 29 December 2002) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
Ricky made his professional debut for the side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Gokulam Kerala F.C..
László Pataky (24 December 1857, Brád - 4 March 1912, Alvinc) was a Hungarian painter who specialized in rural genre scenes.
He initially studied at the arts and crafts school in Budapest then after 1880, at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich with Karl von Piloty as his primary instructor.
Major retrospectives of his work were mounted in 1913, by the Guild of St.George, and 1918 by the Hall of Art.
Although St. Augustine is the main campus in Trinidad and Tobago, there is also a satellite campus of UWI St. Augustine in nearby Mount Hope that houses the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University.
It is the only member university of the system that boasts a Faculty of Food and Agriculture, an area of expertise that has long been interwoven into the history of the Caribbean islands.
Givson Singh (born 5 June 2002) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
He made his professional debut for the side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Gokulam Kerala F.C..
He scored his first professional goal in a 2-1 win against Churchill Brothers FC in the 78th minute on 28th December 2019.
The Deschênes River is a tributary of the south shore of the Petit Saguenay River flowing into the unorganized territory of Sagard in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada.
The surface of the Deschênes River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
Ruivah Hormipam (born 25 January 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
He joined Minerva Punjab FC in 2018 and went on to establish himself as a regular for the youth team stamping his authority at the back while also contributing vital goals with his forays forward.
He was central to the dominant Minerva Punjab side that won their maiden Hero Elite League (U-18) title in the 2018-19 season and went on to win India’s maiden 2019 SAFF U-18 Championship in Nepal with the Indian U18 team.
He joined Indian Arrows on loan from Punjab FC in November 2019 and He made his professional debut for the Indian Arrows side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Gokulam Kerala F.C..
Files in codice_1, codice_2, codice_4, and codice_5 formats can be read directly by the engine, while codice_3 and codice_6 files must be used through the GAMS and Pyomo interfaces respectively.
Once an optimisation model is loaded into Octeract Engine using the Octeract Shell, the engine can write that model into any of the file formats it supports, making it an effective file conversion tool.
Eucalyptus retusa, commonly known as the Point Hood yate, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a restricted area in Western Australia.
It has smooth, greyish bark, glossy green, egg-shaped to spatula-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in clusters of between thirteen and nineteen, yelowish green flowers and fruit with their bases fused together.
Young plants have egg-shaped to more or less round leaves that are dull green, paler on the lower surface, up to long and wide.
The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in clusters of between thirteen and nineteen, the buds joined at the base.
The flowers are yellowish green and the fruit are conical, wide and fused at the base, the fused fruit in diameter.
The Point Hood yate is only known from a single population at the type location near Bremer Bay where it grows in low scrubland on a rocky headland.
Vitiaz United FC, sometimes known as Digitec Vitiaz for sponsorship reasons, is a semi-professional association football club based in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, apparently founded sometime in 2013.
The club is currently competing in the 2019–20 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, following a successful regional campaign which saw them win the Division One of the Port Moresby Soccer Association in late 2019.
However, competitive records of the club begin in 2017, when the club was in Division One of the Port Moresby Soccer Association – the second level of football in the country's capital.
An excellent 2019 season saw the club win Division One and earn promotion to the PMSA Premier Division for the 2020 season.
In November 2019, it was confirmed that the side were one of 12 clubs in contention for a spot in the upcoming 2019–20 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League.
Carl Jörn, also Karl Jörn (5 January 1873 – 19 December 1947) was a German American operatic tenor and voice teacher.
Born in Riga, Jörn, son of a master shoemaker, discovered his voice at the age of 18 and with it his future profession.
In 1898 he joined the association of the Stadttheater in Zurich, and came from there on recommendation of Ludwig Barnay to the Hamburg State Opera (1899).
From 1905 to 1908 he was a regular guest at the London Royal Opera, he also appeared as a guest in Brussels and Amsterdam.
Although they wanted to keep him in Berlin and even Emperor Wilhelm II supported his whereabouts, he went back to the USA.
In 1932 he opened a singing studio in New York, but later went back to Denver where he died at the age of 84.
Denis Le Bihan (born July 30, 1957) is a medical doctor, physicist, member of the Institut de France (French Academy of sciences), member of the French Academy of Technologies and director since 2007 of NeuroSpin, an institution of the Atomic Energy and Alternative Energy Commission (CEA) in Saclay, dedicated to the study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a very high magnetic field.
He obtained his doctorate in physics in 1987, his thesis focusing on a completely new method of magnetic resonance imaging that he introduced and developed (diffusion imaging and IVIM imaging (en) for IntraVoxel Incoherent Motion).
Denis Le Bihan joined the Frédéric Joliot Hospital Service of the CEA in 1994 to head the anatomical and functional neuroimaging laboratory.
As part of the Franco-German Iseult NeuroSpin project, CEA teams are in the process of finalizing the construction of a unique MRI scanner using a record magnetic field of 11.7 teslas, thanks to a magnet of more than 100 tons with an original design.
Denis Le Bihan is particularly recognized for his pioneering work on diffusion MRI, a concept whose principles he established and demonstrated its potential, particularly in the medical field during the 1980s.
Since then, Denis Le Bihan has continued to develop and perfect the method, and has further extended its fields of application.
Diffusion MRI allows us to detect in the context of the emergency, a few hours after the onset of a stroke, the area of the brain that is dying because it is deprived of blood flow when a blood vessel has been obliterated by a clot.
The consequences of stroke are formidable: it is the third leading cause of death, and in 30% of cases it leaves severe functional sequelae (hemiplegia, speech disorders) in patients who become unable to support themselves.
Diffusion MRI has led to the urgent and accurate identification of stroke and the development of drugs that, injected in the very first hours following stroke, can dissolve the clot and immediately clear up symptoms.
The vast majority of MRI scanners manufactured and installed worldwide are equipped with the diffusion MRI method introduced by Denis Le Bihan.
The brain contains about 100 billion neurons, our grey matter, which are connected to each other at a rate of 1,000 to 10,000 connections per neuron through extensions called axons that constitute the fibres of the white matter.
The diffusion MRI made it possible, for the first time, to produce 3D images of these connections (tractography), in a way that is totally harmless to patients (just lie down for about ¼ hours in the MRI scanner).
It is therefore sufficient to obtain images of the diffusion of water in different directions to account for the orientation of the fibres, which Denis Le Bihan's team first showed in 1991.
With the diffusion tensor MRI technique (DTI) developed by Denis Le Bihan and Peter Basser at the NIH in 1992 and its variants developed since then (high angular resolution methods), it is now possible to obtain atlases of intracerebral connections with very high accuracy.
Diffusion MRI can therefore not only diagnose and study white matter fibre disorders (such as multiple sclerosis), but also subtle connection abnormalities in neural circuits.
At the other end of life, normal or pathological aging (neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease) is also accompanied by a rearrangement of brain connections that diffusion MRI shows.
Diffusion MRI is becoming increasingly important at the beginning of the 21st century in the exploration of cancers, particularly breast, prostate and liver cancers.
While diffusion MRI is mainly used for the brain, Denis Le Bihan's first trials actually focused on the liver to identify tumours and distinguish them from vascular malformations.
Diffusion MRI therefore makes it possible to identify these cancerous lesions and to judge the effect of treatments (such as chemotherapy) well before clinical improvement, which makes it possible to adapt treatment very early in the absence of a positive response.
Denis Le Bihan is a prolific author with more than 250 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and a large number of book chapters.
The Decauville Tramway at Exposition Universelle in Gent, 1913 (French Tramway de Decauville Ainé) was a temporary narrow gauge raiload with a gauge of , which was operated during the World Fair held in Ghent from 26 April to 3 November 1913.
After the success of the Decauville railway at Exposition Universelle (1889) in Paris, the Belgian subsidiary of the French company Decauville in Corbeil-Essonnes exhibited their products also at the Exposition universelle et internationale (1913).
On the side of the engine cover they had a discreet lettering of the company 'Decauville', which was responsible for the distribution of this locomotive in Belgium.
The operation was carried out by a 24-strong team of 10 locomotive drivers, 12 uniformed conductors, a railway attendant dressed in white and the train dispatcher.
In 1885, he built a Jewish hospital with 100 beds, which laid the foundation for what became the Kyiv Regional Hospital.
From 1923 to 1947 Øjvind Larsen took part in the Danish Chess Championships, where he achieved his best result in 1926, when he shared 1st — 3rd places.
Kennard F. Bubier (October 11, 1902 - July 2, 1983) was a Gunnery Sergeant of the U.S. Marine Corps and an aviation mechanic.
He was awarded the Navy Cross on October 25, 1930 for his service as a mechanic of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1928-1930).
He was married to Sophy B. Jorgenson until her death on August 8, 1956 and then to Naomi Rinehart Hafeskebring from May 14, 1980 to his death.
In 1989, he was elected as the presidend of the Basketball Association of Montenegro, a regional association within Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia.
During his tenure, the FR Yugoslavia senior national team won gold medals at the 2001 EuroBasket and the 2002 FIBA World Championship.
Serge Le Tendre (born 1 December 1946) is a French comics writer known from his collaborations with Régis Loisel, Pierre Makyo, Christian Rossi and TaDuc.
When he was 16, he started working as an assistant-accountant but two years later he started following the comics lessons at the university, delivered by artists and scholars like Jean-Claude Mézières, Jean Giraud, and Claude Moliterni.
Thomas J. Culhane (August 16, 1928 – September 2, 2015) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 82nd district from 1973 to 1977.
Major General Andrew Michael Roe is a senior British Army officer is currently serving as commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College.
He went on to be commander 38 (Irish) Brigade in August 2015, Assistant Commandant (Land) of the Joint Services Command and Staff College in August 2017 and Commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College in May 2019.
It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
The Rapti river forms the northern border of the municipality while there is Gadhawa Rural Municipality of Dang district on the east.
The northern river plains region is called the Deukhuri region, the middle hills region is called the Khola region while the southern hills and plateaus form the Naka region.
The Deukhuri region is populated mostly by Tharus and Yadavs while the Magars live mostly in the hilly regions in the south.
In France, he is considered to be the first to research the establishing relationships between behavior and neuroscience, as well as creating an integrative neurobiology.
Pupil of the Nation (Rocroi Court, 1943), he completed his secondary studies in Givet (in the Ardennes), then at the Lycée Henri IV (in Paris), and at the Lycée de Brest.
SPCN at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris (1952), then preparatory class (Brest Maritime Hospital) for the entrance exam to the National School of the Marine Health Service (1953); entry to the School (1954), Bordeaux.
During medical training (Doctorate in 1968), he decided to focus on what was still neuropsychiatry; after specialty internship (1968), chooses child neuropsychiatry; this activity will cease in 1978.
In addition to medicine, he completed his training: Bachelor of Arts (Philosophy, Psychology) 1962, Bachelor of Science (Chemistry - Physiology) 1962.
From 1980 to 2004, he was Director of Studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE 3rd section), in Experimental Psychopathology.
As Professor Emeritus at the University of Bordeaux, he has headed several CNRS and Inserm units, then designed and directed the Institut François Magendie de Neurosciences (Inserm - CNRS).
Michel le Moal is considered to be the initiator in France of research aimed at establishing relationships between behaviour and neuroscience and at creating an integrative neurobiology.
He attempts to explain the relationship to drugs by integrating an individual's history and education into the cellular functioning of the brain.
Advances in behavioural neuroscience and psychiatric research, as well as his many interviews with Henri Laborit, were the reasons for Le Moal's stays in the United States since the late 1970s, where progress was rapid.
At Caltech, he learned the methods of multiple intracerebral computer recording in animals free of movement, then at the Salk and Scripps, the basics of Neuroendocrinology and Neuropharmacology and in all these laboratories the behavioural approaches and the need for integrative Neuroscience and the difficulties of modelling in experimental Psychopathology.
From 1980 to 1995, his research on the modalities of the transition from normal to pathological was based on methods of behavioural analysis and their measurement .
It studies the consequences of harmful environments, aggressions (stress) and proposes the measurement of specific markers acting centrally (including the stress system and its central receptors, the neurons involved).
He will be the first to set up lifetime studies, for example based on prenatal stress; he will demonstrate the behavioural consequences, including attention disorders, self-regulation and progression to drug addiction.
From 1995 to 2005, in continuity with previous results, Le Moal focused the work of its teams on a fundamental question of Psychopathology: why some subjects succumb and others do not, or show resilience; thus the causes of interindividual, genetic, developmental and environmental differences.
The underlying neuro-adaptive processes will be studied on the basis of vulnerability to addictions, the effects of chronic stress, and pathological aging.
The results obtained by Michel Le Moal's research (more than 450 publications, 36,000 citations) reflect the exceptional quality of his French and American collaborators.
The site is a small hillock, where the war between the British forces and the Japanese forces took place in the WWII.
A war museum is also built which houses a collection of rare war items and relics including the weapon materials used by the soldiers during the war.
Every year, many Japanese and British people visit the site to pay homage to their ancestors who lost their lives here in the war for their motherland.
In the Biblical narration, the old Simeon is present when Jesus is presented at the Temple, and says in the canticle (Nunc dimittis) that he can now depart in peace that his eyes saw his saviour, a light to the heathen and Israel.
It is in 6/8 time and in E minor, gradually rising in the first half, reaching the highest note in the upbeat to the second half, and then gradually declining.
Margaret the First is a fictional, historical biography written by Danielle Dutton, first published in 2016 by Catapult then by Scribe Publications later that year.
Based on the historical figure of Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Dutton weaves an imaginative story about the duchess's extraordinary life.
Margaret describes life in exile with her new husband and the numerous doctor visits she endured in their attempt to conceive.
Antarctophthirus microchir is a parasite found on pinnipeds (commonly known as sea lions and seals) and is an ectoparasite with the ability to live on the surface of mammals while tolerating submersion in salt water.
Larval stages: Eggs and first larval stage are mainly found on seal pups, which have less contact with water during the beginning of their lives.
All stages of A. microchir were found on aquatic mammals, suggesting the lice completes the entire life cycle within the host.
Jefferson Frankford Hospital is a non-profit hospital located in Philadelphia and is apart of Jefferson Health Northeast, a multi-state non-profit health system now apart of Jefferson Health.
In the last year with data available, the hospital had 131,188 emergency department visits, and performed 7,686 inpatient and 11,561 outpatient surgeries.
Jefferson Torresdale Hospital is a non-profit hospital in the Jefferson Health Northeast system, a multi-state non-profit health system now apart of Jefferson Health.
Work began in 2013 for a new emergency department and parking garage at the Torresdale campus, at a cost of $37 million.
After that he became commander of 102nd Logistic Brigade in September 2015 and Head of Military International Policy and Planning at the Ministry of Defence in May 2017.
He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services during the first UK deployment to Helmand Province, in December 2006.
2013 - for the first time in Ukraine, the opportunity is available to print an E-kvytok on a regular printer at home and present it when boarding a train, without visiting the ticket office.
An information system containing information on the full list of services available for booking on the site (including: flight schedules, transportation rates, categories and characteristics of vehicles, availability of seats, tariffs of service providers, rules for their use).
Information in the reservation system is posted on the site in accordance with how it is presented in the global reservation system (GDS), reservation systems of the service provider or their authorized representatives.
Of these, 98.0% spoke Russian, 0.5% Polish, 0.4% German, 0.4% Yiddish, 0.1% Lithuanian, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% Komi-Zyrian, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
Recorded at Kenilworth Studios in 2019, it is a tribute to the stars of Las Vegas including Tom Jones, Elvis Presley and The Rat Pack.
Itham is flanked by Heirok in the west, Leihaoram in the south, Nongdam in the east and Moirangpurel in the north.
The average sex ratio of the village is 1087 female to 1000 male which is higher than Manipur state average of 985.
Itham is a village located downstream the Mapithel Dam and is one of the adversely affected villages post commissioning of the multi-purpose project.
The 1947 Virginia State Trojans football team was an American football team that represented Virginia State College as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their 14th season under head coach Harry R. Jefferson, the team compiled an 8–1 record, finished second in the CIAA, shut out seven of nine opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 161 to 18.
Qian Qian (; born March 1962) is a Chinese biologist currently serving as researcher and vice-president of the China National Rice Research Institute.
He received his master's degree from Hokkaido University in 1989 and doctor's degree from Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences in 1995, respectively.
The 2020 German Masters (also known as the 2020 BetVictor German Masters due to sponsorship) is a professional ranking snooker tournament, taking place from 29 January to 2 February 2020 in the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany.
It is the 14th edition of the German Masters, first held in 1995 as the 1995 German Open, discontinued after 1998 and revived as the German Masters in the 2010–11 snooker season.
Kyren Wilson was the defending champion after defeating David Gilbert 9–6 in the 2019 final, but lost 4–5 to Zhao Xintong in the second qualifying round.
The 2020 German Masters is a professional snooker tournament held at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany between 29 January and 3 February 2020.
This was the 13th edition of the German Masters tournament, the first having been held in 1995 as the 1995 German Open.
It was the tenth ranking event of the 2019-20 snooker season following the European Masters and preceding the World Grand Prix.
The event featured 32 participants from the World Snooker Tour with two qualifying rounds which took place from 20 to 22 December 2019 in Barnsley, England.
From 1922 to 1935 Axel Cruusberg took part in the Danish Chess Championships, where he achieved his best result in 1925, when he ranked in 4th place.
He went on to become commander of 8 Engineer Brigade in October 2015 and in that role led the British response to Hurricane Irma, an extremely powerful Cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread destruction across its path, in September 2017.
He went on to become Chief, Joint Force Operations at Permanent Joint Headquarters in Northwood in September 2017 and will become General Office Commanding of Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command in April 2020.
Jefferson Reis de Jesus, more commonly known as Jefferson is a Brazilian football forward, who currently plays for Machine Sazi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Wendelin Weingartner (born February 7, 1937 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian politician who served as the Governor of Tyrol from 1993 to 2002.
She stood in the 2018 general election in the South constituency but failed to win a seat, since she was in ninth position on The Greens' list and the party won three seats only.
Covering an area of , this beech forest, located in Le Petit Caux in the north-east of the department and the region, has close historical links to the Orléans family.
A narrow band more than 30 km long and 5 to 6 km wide, the Eu Forest covers the easternmost part of the chalk plateau that separates the Yères and Bresle rivers to the south-east of the town of Eu.
Nearby isolated woodlands may also be included (adding a further total surface of ): the woods of Tôt, Gomard, Cuverville, Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard along the Yères, and the wood of Guimerville from the Grand-Marché to the south-east of Blangy-sur-Bresle.
The National Forest Fund then further encouraged the re - encroachment of the coppice areas under single forest and coppice of private forests (throughout France ).
The history of this forest begins with the abandonment, in the third century, of the Gallo-Roman city, 'Briga', built on the Beaumont plateau at a place called Bois l'Abbé, current excavations showing that this city was not surrounded by forested areas.
In 1036, Robert, Count of Eu, granted the monks of the Abbey of Saint-Michel du Tréport the tithe of pannage of the forest of Eu and all the sartage of this same forest.
By a charter of August 1282, Jean 1st of Brienne, Count of Eu, undoubtedly at the instigation of his viscounts, limited the monks' pannage in the forest of Eu to eight free-range pigs, while maintaining free pasture for all their animals in the forest.
It seems that the forest covered, until the year 1000, the whole plateau separating the valleys of Yères and Bresle; large clearances were then undertaken from the 11th century to the 13th century.
It was the time of initial fragmentation of the forest by cultivated fields which still divide the current forest of Eu into three massifs.
Land clearing slowed in the 14th century with the start of the Hundred Years' War, the invasions of the troops of the King of England put an end to the prosperity of Normandy.
The Counts of Eu, landowners, found it more advantageous to sell the trees to charcoal burners, woodworkers and glassmakers than to cultivate low-paying lands.
The exploitation of the forest contributed to the establishment of many glass factories in the surroundings, in particular in the Bresle valley.
After belonging to the Dukes of Normandy, then to the Counts of Eu, the forest was confiscated during the French Revolution but it was returned to its former owner in 1814: Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, widow of Philippe Égalité and mother of Louis Philippe I, future king of France.
It was after this restitution that the 28 cast iron posts were installed across the forest, to mark the intersections of the paths.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the forest passed into the hands of a civil society founded by friends of the Duke of Orleans to avoid state control.
Finally, after the failure of an amicable acquisition by the authorities, the expropriation was decided by the law of August 13, 1913, allocating 90% to the state and 10% to the department of Seine-Inférieur (modern Seine-Maritime) on August 15, 1915.
Song Erwei (; born April 1970) is a Chinese oncologist currently serving as president of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences and the Canton Hospital.
After graduating from Sun Yat-sen University in 1995, he became a surgeon at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.
In 1999 he was sent abroad to study at the University of Duisburg-Essen at the expense of the Chinese government, where he obtained his Doctor of Medicine degree.
Thomas Stelzer (born February 21, 1967 in Linz) is an Austrian politician who is serving as the current Governor of Upper Austria since 2017.
Styrene for example is distilled at temperatures above 100°C whereupon it undergoes thermal polymerisation at a rate of ~2% per hour.
Once initiated polymerisation is typically radical in mechanism as well as being highly exothermic, thus it can lead to a runaway reaction and potential explosion, as well as completely clogging the fractionating tower.
The term 'inhibitor' is often used in a general sense to describe any compound used to prevent unwanted polymerisation, however these compounds are often divided into 'retarders' and 'true inhibitors'.
Retarders display no induction period but provide a permanent decrease in the rate of polymerisation, while themselves being degraded only slowly.
In an industrial setting compounds from both classes will usually be used together, with the true inhibitor providing optimal plant performance and the retarder acting as a failsafe.
These can be effectively terminated by combining with other radicals to form neutral species and many true inhibitors operate trough this mechanism.
This is referred to as air inhibition and is a diffusion-controlled reaction with rates typically in the order of 10–10 mol s, the resulting peroxy radicals (ROO•) are less reactive towards polymerisation.
Certain compounds marketed as true inhibitors, such as p-phenylenediamines, phenothiazine and hydroxylamines like HPHA and DEHA, are also thought to react through the intermediary of aminoxyl radicals.
Traditionally, nitrophenol compounds such as dinitro-ortho-cresol and di-nitro-sec-butylphenol (DNBP) have been the most important class of retarders, however they are coming under regulatory pressure due to their high toxicity.
Purified monomers stored at ambient temperatures are of less risk of polymerising and as such the most highly reactive inhibitors are rarely used at this stage.
Subsequent batches were found in: September-October 2000 (35 coins), 2001 (21 coins), 2002 (13 coins), August-September 2003 (18 coins), 2005 (two batches of six coins and three coins), October 2007 (3 coins), 2008 (six coins).
The first two groups of coins, the batches of 11 coins from 1999 and 35 coins from 2000, were acquired by the was acquired by the East Riding of Yorkshire Council and went on display in Sewerby Hall.
Zach began learning how to play piano through the help of his grandpa Evans who guided him on how to play the piano while still at kindergarten level.
As part of the tour to support the new album in the summer of 2019, the band has performed at several major festivals in Ukraine (Faine Misto, Bandershtat, Skhid-Rok, Snow Summer Fest), played two solo concerts in Kyiv and Kharkiv and performed at the Ukrainian Days festival in the US.
Tong Xiaolin (; born 5 January 1956) is a traditional Chinese physician, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and professor at Peking University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
He received his master's degree from Wannan Medical College in 1985 and doctor's degree from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in 1988, respectively.
The 1947 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented South Carolina State University during the 1947 college football season.
In its second season under head coach Oliver C. Dawson, the team compiled a 7–1–2, defeated in the Pecan Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 123 to 46.
The 1947 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season.
In their 19th season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 104 to 62.
He had been an assistant with the program since 2016, and was promoted to head coach following the departure of Eliah Drinkwitz for the University of Missouri.
From 1923 to 1949 Niels Lie participated regularly in the Danish Chess Championships, where he achieved his best result in 1928, when he ranked in 2nd place.
The men's singles competition of the table tennis events at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held from 8 to 10 December at the Subic Bay Exhibition & Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines.
Besides water-based events, the festival also features Miss Tourism Benak and Ratu Kebaya Benak, singing competitions and food bazaars, traditional games, a trade expo with sale of local produce, an exhibition on the tidal bore in Batang Lupar and a showcase of traditional Iban, Malay and Chinese wedding ceremonies.
Between 1900 and 2017, 22.2% of crocodile attacks in Sarawak are recorded in the Lupar Basin, the highest in the state.
In popular culture, the name Bujang Senang (the Crocs) was adopted as the nickname of the state’s football team Sarawak FA.
Wang Songling (; born 1962) is a Chinese medical scientist and the current vice-president of the Capital University of Medical Sciences.
He was a visiting scholar at National Institutes of Health (NIH; 1996–1998) and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR; May 2001–September 2001).
In December 2017 He was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the 14th Central Committee of China Zhi Gong Party.
Donald Edward DeGrood (born February 14, 1965) is an American priest of the Catholic Church who will become the bishop of the Diocese of Sioux Falls in 2020.
He attended Saint John Vianney College Seminary in Saint Paul from 1983 to 1987, and then worked in business before returning in 1993 to The Saint Paul Seminary, where he graduated in 1997.
He served as associate pastor at All Saints in Lakeville from 1997-2000, and spiritual director at Saint John Vianney College Seminary from 2000-2004.
In 2013, DeGrood became pastor of Blessed Sacrament in St. Paul, the location of the most recent instance of clergy sexual abuse in the Archdiocese.
The series was accused of including prohibited content such as the use of English words, depictions of violence and sexual innuendo.
Worzel Gummidge is a 2019 British TV fantasy miniseries, and an adaptation of the Worzel Gummidge series by Barbara Euphan Todd.
The 10th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 3 May 1958 at the Silverstone Circuit, England.
The race was run over 50 laps of the Grand Prix circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Ferrari Dino 246.
The field also included several Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Cliff Allison in a Lotus 12, finishing in sixth place overall.
Elections in India in 2021 will include by-elections to the Lok Sabha, elections to the Rajya Sabha, elections to state legislative assemblies of 5 states and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies, councils and local bodies.
He went on to become UK Air Component Commander at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar and Air Officer Commanding No.
A Women's Twenty20 International is a 20 overs-per-side cricket match played in a maximum of 150 minutes between two of the top 10 ranked countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in terms of women's cricket.
The first women's Twenty20 International match was held in August 2004 between England and New Zealand, six months before the first Twenty20 International match was played between two men's teams.
Although such matches are recorded as ties, a tiebreak is played; prior to December 2008, this was a bowl-out, and since then it has been a Super Over.
The first tied women's T20I occurred on 18 October 2006, between New Zealand and the Australia, hosted at Allan Border Field in Brisbane.
degree applied to Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Kaduna State and was accepted and eventually graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in Law.
Tasmin Olajuwon Mitchell (born June 25, 1986) is an American basketball coach and former professional player, currently serving as an assistant coach for the LSU Tigers.
He committed to play for LSU and he stayed with the Tigers for a total of five years, having missed one season due to injury, and reached the NCAA Tournament Final Four in 2006.
Since his freshman year at Denham Springs High School, playing as a center, he gained recognition at state and national level, being selected as a first-team All-State and All-District and named Livingston Parish MVP.
He again received all-state honors in his sophomore season, and in 2003 he participated in the ABCD Camp, a camp for the best high school players in the United States, and won the Underclassmen co-MVP award with Brandon Rush after a 20-point, 12-rebound performance in the Underclassmen All-Star Game.
By his junior year in 2004, Mitchell was regarded as one of the best juniors in the nation, and one of the top players of the 2005 class.
In 2004 he also participated in the USA Basketball Men's Youth Development Festival, a camp organized by USA Basketball for the best players in the nation.
Mitchell's senior season at Denham Springs saw him average 26.9 points, 10 rebounds, 6 assists, 3.5 blocks and 2.3 steals per game, shooting 67% from the field, and he received multiple awards and honors.
In the 2005 McDonald's game, which was played in South Bend, Indiana, he scored 6 points, shooting 3/5 from the field, and added 1 rebound in 13 minutes of play.
In the 2005 Roundball Classic Mitchell scored 17 points and had 3 assists and 1 steal playing for the West team.
Rivals.com ranked Mitchell as the 20th best player in the nation and the 4th best small forward in the class of 2005, while other services ranked him as high as the 5th best player in the nation: the Recruiting Services Consensus Index (RSCI) has him ranked as the 8th best player of the 2005 class.
Mitchell was being recruited by LSU since his junior season, and he committed to play for the Tigers in early September 2004 after narrowing his choice between LSU and Kentucky.
Mitchell played 36 games in his first season (all starts), and was named Player of the Game for LSU in the losing effort against UCLA during the 2006 Final Four (12 points and 6 rebounds).
Mitchell was again a regular in LSU's starting lineup for his sophomore season, and played 34.1 minutes per game (3rd on his team), averaging 14.5 points (the second leading scorer behind Glen Davis), 5.9 rebounds (again second to Davis) and 1.8 assists (4th), ranking 12th in the whole conference for scoring average and 13th for rebounding average.
Mitchell's junior season ended after 3 games due to a shin fracture and ankle injury that required surgery; he was granted a medical redshirt and missed the rest of the season.
Mitchell was the second best scorer on his team behind senior guard Marcus Thornton at 16.3 points per game and was the leading rebounder with 7.2 rebounds per game.
He ranked 8th in the SEC in scoring and 11th in rebounding, and shot a career-high 52.2% from the field (52.6% from three).
On February 11, 2009 he scored 41 points in 49 minutes (double overtime) against Mississippi State, the first LSU player to score more than 40 points since 1995.
At the end of the season he was named in the All-SEC First Team and in the NABC All-District Second Team.
Mitchell initially declared for the 2009 NBA draft, but he later withdrew his name and decided to come back to LSU for his fifth and final season in college basketball.
Before the start of the season, Andy Katz of ESPN.com included Mitchell in his list of possible John R. Wooden Award nominees for the 2009–10 season.
Mitchell retained his starting role for the fifth consecutive season, and he led the team in scoring (16.8), rebounding (9.4) and steals per game (1.3).
On December 14, 2009 he recorded his career high for rebounds in a game with 18 against Southeastern Louisiana; on January 20, 2010 Mitchell scored 38 points (a conference high) against Auburn.
He ranked 4th in the SEC for scoring and 3rd for rebounding, and led the conference in minutes per game with a career-high 37.3.
At the end of the season he was named in the All-SEC Second Team, the NABC All-District First Team, and he received the Pete Maravich Award for the best player of the state of Louisiana.
His 1,989 career points rank 3rd all-time in LSU history behind Pete Maravich and Rudy Macklin, while his 950 rebounds rank him 6th all-time.
After the end of his last season at LSU, Mitchell was automatically eligible for the 2010 NBA draft, but he was not selected by an NBA franchise.
He joined the Cleveland Cavaliers for the 2010 Las Vegas Summer League, playing 5 games (1 start) and averaging 5.8 points, 5.4 rebounds, 0.6 assists and 1.2 steals per game in 20.5 minutes of playing time.
Mitchell signed with the Cavaliers on September 27, 2010 but was waived on October 13, 2010; he then joined the Erie Bayhawks of the NBA D-League.
In the 2010–11 NBA Development League season Mitchell averaged 16.3 points, 5.7 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game in 33.1 minutes, starting 20 of his 50 games.
He ranked first in the D-League for total fouls with 191, and at the end of the season he was selected in the All-Rookie Second Team.
After leaving the Kebs, Mitchell signed for Hapoel Holon in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, and in 25 regular season games he averaged 14.9 points and 6.5 rebounds in 31.7 minutes per game during the 2011–12 season.
In 2012 Mitchell signed for Russian team Triumph Lyubertsy, and played 14 games in the Russian Basketball Super League 1 and 20 in the VTB United League.
That season he also had the chance to debut in an international competition, and appeared in 12 games of the 2012–13 Eurocup, averaging 12.3 points and 3.8 rebounds per game.
During the 2013–14 Super League he averaged 13.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in 29 games, and he was named a member of the International team for the 2014 Israeli All-Star game.
In 2014 he left Israel for France and joined Champagne Châlons-Reims in the LNB Pro A, the top level of French basketball.
In the 2014–15 Pro A season Mitchell averaged 10.8 points and 5.4 rebounds per game in 30 appearances, averaging 28.9 minutes per game.
In 2017 Mitchell was named Director of Student-Athlete Development at LSU under head coach Will Wade; in May 2019 the Tigers announced his promotion to assistant coach.
Bobi Tsankov (; 12 August 1979 – 5 January 2010) was a Bulgarian journalist, crime writer and radio personality, who was killed in Sofia for unclear reasons.
The motives of his murder remain unclear: it has been argued that it could have been related to his writings or to his frauds.
Selina Hall (1780?–1853) was a British engraver and printer in London who prepared maps for several well-known works including John Gorton's A topographical Dictionary, Charles Black's 1840 General Atlas and several Chapman & Hall publications.
Born Selina Price in Radnorshire about 1780, she was listed as a creditor and beneficiary of London mapmaker and engraver Michael Thomson.
At that time and place it was illegal for married women to own businesses, but unmarried women (including widows) could own businesses.
The 2019 Iraqi protests, also nicknamed the Tishreen Revolution and 2019 Iraqi Intifada, are an ongoing series of protests that consisted of demonstrations, marches, sit-ins and civil disobedience.
They started on 1October 2019, a date which was set by civil activists on social media, spreading over the central and southern provinces of Iraq, to protest 16 years of corruption, unemployment and inefficient public services, before they escalated into calls to overthrow the administration and to stop Iranian intervention in Iraq.
According to the BBC, they call for the end of the political system which has existed since the US-led invasion ousted Saddam Hussein and has been marked by sectarian divides.
Szalay was a member of the Countess Sándorné Teleki's salon and wrote stories and articles as well as poetry of her own and the translations of others poetry.
Cyril Papa (born February 14, 1984) is a French professional ice hockey winger who is currently a player-coach for Chevaliers du Lac d'Annecy of the FFHG Division 2.
By the end of 2016, the network had obtained one of the seven Internet TV integrated broadcast control licenses issued by the NRTA.
Debra C. Roberts is a South African government worker and one of the six co-chairs of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
She established the Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department of eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa) which she led from 1994 to 2016.
In 2016 she was appointed to establish the Sustainable and Resilient City Initiatives Unit in Durban and is the city’s first Chief Resilience Officer.
She was a lead author of Chapter 8 (Urban Areas) of Working Group II of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report and was elected as Co-Chair of Working Group II for the IPCC’s sixth assessment cycle in 2015.
She is an honorary professor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, and was listed in 2019 by public servant organization Apolitical as one of the 100 most influential people in climate change in the world.
In summenr 2002 the head coach of Uralochka and Russia women's national volleyball team Nikolay Karpol during the meeting with Boris Yeltsin and management of Panrussian volleyball federation initiated the organization of new international tournament for national teams.
The First President of Russia agreed the tournament to be named after him, while Karpol's initiative was strongly supported by the governor of Sverdlovsk oblast Eduard Rossel.
The second cup play-off due to national teams' preparations to Olympic Games in Athens was held not in June, but in April.
This tournament was very different from two previous in the number of participants (6 instead of 8), competition format (one-round tournament with no play-off) and wildly twisting plot.
The First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin died on April 23, but great tradition to gather strongest volleyball team of the world on Ural in summer continued.
The play of Chen Zhonghe's trainees was not affected even by the abscence of notorious Feng Kun — 18-years ols Wei Qiuyue who substituted her spent the tournament very professionaly and was recognized as the best Cup passer by the organizers.
The same national teams took two first places on the Grand Prix tournament in the end of August, however in the reverse order as in the final tournament in Ningbo Dutch managed to gain revenge with competition hosts, and then celebrate general victory.
Russia National Team for the first time in Yeltsin Cup participated as reigning world champion, even though some of the key players were not participating.
Nontheless legendary Uralochka trainee Olga Fateeva became among three most resultive players of the tournament (the best by this indicator the leader of Turkey National Team Neslihan Darnel, she was also recognized as tournament's MVP).
The participants list due to very dense international schedule of national teams, getting prepared to Olympics in Beijing, appeared to be weaker, than previous years.
On the way to play-off Russians lost to Japan and Azerbaijan National Teams, but in semifinal it sensationally overbeat Team Netherlands, and gained revenge with Japanese in the final match.
The tournament was participated by 6 teams, with each team playing with its groupmates in the group round, and having friendly game with one of the teams from the other group.
The key favorites, Russia and China National Teams, played together no-account opening match, and met 5 days after in the final match with Russians both times being more successful.
Yekaterina Gamova and Lyubov Sokolova, as well as both main libero — Ekaterina Kabeshova and Svetlana Kryuchkova were not on the roster of Russia National Team.
In the semifinal, where Team Russia lost to the Yeltsin Cup first-timer Brazil National Team with score 2:3, Tatiana Kosheleva and Nataliya Goncharova got injured.
Lyubov Sokolova and Tatiana Kosheleva participated in Team Russia after a break, but did not took part in the mathes, while Italy National Team included almost the whole team of Worl Cup 2011 winners.
Russia National Team scored 3:0 (25:23, 25:18, 25:22) in the match of the two teams and became the cup winner for the seventh time.
In 2013, in the start of a new olympic cycle and before Kazan Universiade, most of participating teams of Boris Yeltsin Cup significantly renewed their rosters.
Carolina Costagrande was the only player of Italy National Team to participate in London Olympics, while among Russia National Team roster such players were Maria Borodakova, Nataliya Goncharova and Svetlana Kryuchkova (the latter did not play due to injury).
One of the main events of XI Boris Yeltsin Cup was victory parede of USSR National Team players, who won the gold of Seoul Olympics 25 years before.
In 2014 Yeltsin Cup got a new champion — Bulgaria National Team, that won under the leadership of the former mentor of Russia National Team Vladimir Kuzyutkin who took his office in February.
Team Russia, unlike its competitors, participated in the tournament lacking its key players — Nataliya Obmochaeva, Tatiana Kosheleva, Iuliia Morozova, Anastasia Shlyakhovaya.
Starting with defeat from the Netherlands and having won Dominican Republic in a tie break, Yuri Marichev's charges managed to get to semi-final due to Dutch victory over Dominicans in the final day of the group stage.
Both semifinal matches resulted in 3:2 — Russia won Japan, while Bulgaria, that also started the tournament from a defeat, appeared to be stronger than Netherlands National Team.
The final match lasted more than two hours, and Bulgarians were losing 1:2, but due to better fitness shape the won the ending of the fourth play.
At the beginning of the tie break, when the main opposite of their rivals Natalia Malykh turned ankle and was substituted, Bulgarians gained desisive advantage.
Uralochka, reinforced with two Kazan Dynamo volleyballists (Irina Zaryazhko and Daria Stolyarova, and led by Nikolay Karpol and Rishat Giliazutdinov, represented Russia National Team.
The fate of te trophy was decided in the final day in the match between Russia and Serbia National Teams, both suffering no defeat before the match.
Silver medalists of Rio de Janeiro Olympics in five plays overbeat Team Russia, newly led by Vladimir Kuzyutkin in the beginning of the year.
Yeltsin Cup 2018 was a part of the first stage of a new international tournament — League of Nations consisting of national teams of Russia, Argentina, Netherlands and Thailand.
The fate of the title was determined in the final playing day in a match between Russia and Netherlands National Teams, where Dutch gained victory scoring 3:0.
Sato's figure skating idol is fellow Sendai native Yuzuru Hanyu, who gave him an amulet when Sato was five years old.
Sato won the gold medal in his Junior Grand Prix debut at 2019 JGP United States, ahead of reigning JGP Final champion Stephen Gogolev of Canada.
At the JGP Final, he set new junior world records for the free skating and the combined score en route to winning the gold medal, ahead of Russians Andrei Mozalev and Daniil Samsonov.
As a result, he was invited to compete in the senior division at the 2019–20 Japan Championships, alongside the rest of the top six finishers in the junior division.
Sato placed fifth in the senior event and was named to the team for the 2020 World Junior Championships with Kagiyama.
Pvrx was born and raised in the Rexdale neighbourhood in the former city of Etobicoke in Toronto, Ontario, his hometown is also the reasoning for the stylisation of his stage name.
Though he has stated his mother was an avid listener of dancehall music, his influence includes the like of The Lox, Jay-Z, Eminem and 50 Cent.
He states that he has had a rough upbringing surrounded by Gang violence and poverty which he often portrays in his music.
At the age of 15 Pvrx started to sell drugs to fund his lifestyle and was consequently arrested and placed in a juvenile detention center.
He released numerous freestyles during this time alongside Moula 1st, Banana Clip, Yung Dubz and Turks, who are all from Rexdale.
Vener recommended Pvrx to Paul Rosenberg, CEO of Def Jam Recordings, who met with Pvrx in Toronto and resulted in Pvrx becoming Rosenberg's first signing in November 2017.
Elbrus Allahverdiyev () (27 September 1958, Ganja, Azerbaijan SSR – 6 June 1993, Şelli Agdam, Azerbaijan Republic) — was the military serviceman of Azerbaijan Armed Forces, warrior during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and National Hero of Azerbaijan.
When the Armenians attacked to Aghdam on June 12 1993, Elbrus Allahverdiyev destroyed many of the enemy's forces and forced them to retreat.
Karate at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics in Samsun was held from 24 to 26 July 2017 at the Atatürk Sports Hall in Canik.
William Robertson, actor and manager was the nephew of Fanny Robertson (1768-1855), a leading actress and manager on the Lincolnshire Circuit stage and Thomas Shaftoe Robertson(1765-1831).
When Fanny retired to live in Wisbech, Isle of Ely he succeeded her as manager of the Robertson company of actors.
In 1852 she married the lawyer Károly Szalay (also written Kálolyné Szalay) and they lived in Kaposvár where they had three daughters.
Kisfaludy was a member of the cultural life in the city but in 1858 she fell ill. During this time she began to write poetry.
Jean-François Toby (29 January 1900 – 28 June 1964) was a French colonial administrator who served as Governor of Niger, Ivory Coast and French Polynesia during the 1940s and 1950s.
The New Conservative Party was originally formed as the Emergency Action for Change and Innovation (Korean: 변화와 혁신을 위한 비상행동) on 30 September 2019.
The group, organized within the Bareunmirae Party, was made up of 15 lawmakers who were critical toward the leadership of Sohn Hak-kyu.
On 4 December, the name was shortened to Change and Innovation (Korean: 변화와 혁신), and then adopted the incumbent name on 12 December.
It launched its digital website in 2014 and moved to a full time headquarters in Brooklyn with 35 employees in 2016.
Emmanuel Jones-Mensah (born 3 July 1989), popularly called Kojo Jones is a Ghanaian award-winning business mogul and the founder of Empire Domus.
In February 2019, he was invited as a key note speaker for the 21st African Annual Business Conference by the Harvard Business School's African Business Club.
After successfully completing his senior secondary education, he was admitted to London Metropolitan University (United Kingdom) to study business where he acquired a Business Diploma in 2018.
After successfully acquiring a Bachelor of Laws in Business Law in 2011, he further pursued a Master of Business Administration in 2012 at Coventry University in the UK where he specialized in Oil and Gas Management.
He started structuring trade transactions by leveraging of the wide network he had built over the years through school and from his work engagements to develop his trading capabilities which sparked his passion to venture into commodity trading.
After working and gaining so much education, experience and exposure from the UK, Kojo returned to Ghana in 2015 to establish a new business alongside his family.
Kojo has also come up with the KJM Foundation in order to give back to society and help contribute to the development of Ghana.
In 2018 he received the ‘Business Executive of the year’ at the Glitz Style Award and ‘Young Achiever Award’ at the Exclusive Men of the Year Africa Awards.
Satyen Maitra (born Satyendranath Maitra; August 15, 1915 – June 5, 1996) was an educator, social worker, and a pioneer of mass education in India.
Satyen Maitra passed the matriculation examination at the Mitra Institution and graduated in with a degree in economics from Presidency College (now Presidency University) in Calcutta.
His father was involved in social activities through Bengal Social Service League, where eminent figures like Rabindranath Tagore, Ashutosh Mukherjee, Shibnath Shastri, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy, and others were associated.
Satyen Maitra came into contact there with scholars and eminent personalities, such as Kalidas Nag, Nilratan Sircar, Dr. Haridhan Datta, Dr. Chunilal Basu, Andrews Pearson, Abanindranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Sukumar Roy, Saratchandra Challopadhyay, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, Satyendranath Bose in his childhood and early boyhood.
It has been accepted in the following Indian educational programs: Total Literacy Campaign (TLC), Post Literacy Program (PLP), and Continuing Education Program (CEP).
In 1961, Maitra became a member of the Indian Adult Education Association of West Bengal Unit thanks to his lifelong contribution to literacy, from 1943 to 1996.
Fender performed the song during his live shows, but decided to release the song as a single after fans campaigned for the song's release.
The 2020 season will be FC Sheriff Tiraspol's 24th season, and their 23rd in the Divizia Naţională, the top-flight of Moldovan football.
Sheriff are defending Divizia Naţională and Moldovan Cup champions and they will also take part in the Super Cup and the Champions League First Qualifying Round.
Lalliansanga Renthlei (born 5 June 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for Indian Arrows in the I-League.
He made his professional debut for the Indian Arrows side in the Arrow's first match of the 2019-20 season against Gokulam Kerala F.C..
Nathaniel Jefferys (?1758 – 3 March 1810) was a London jeweller who was Member of Parliament for Coventry from 1796 to 1803.
His father and uncle were goldsmiths and in 1783 the younger Nathaniel set up in business and became jeweller to members of the royal family and courtiers.
The couple lived richly, with a townhouse in Pall Mall and a seaside villa by Benjamin Bond-Hopkins near Ramsgate, and had several daughters and one son, Nathaniel Newman Jefferys (1788–1873), later of Chepstow and Southampton and in 1817 a Master extraordinary in the Court of Chancery.
In 1797 he went bankrupt though his customers' failure to pay their bills; a subsequent attempt to restart with his father-in-law's support was unsuccessful.
In 1806 he went bankrupt again, shortly after publishing a pamphlet attacking the Prince of Wales, whom he blamed for his debts and political failure.
He was a member of the Legislative Council from 1815 to 1819, from 1823 to 1824, and from 1825 to 1827.
Thomas J. McInerney (June 12, 1924 – August 5, 1998) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1965 to 1972 and from 1977 to 1978.
Born in Kōriyama, she switched from having interests in manga to music as a teenager, and moved to Akihabara where she worked at a maid cafe before joining Dempagumi.inc.
Eimi Naruse was born on 16 February in Kōriyama, a city in Fukushima Prefecture, as the elder of the two daughters in a family.
Due to the influence of her mother, who drew them as a hobby, she has been interested in manga from an early age.
She became interested in bands from the sixth grade, borrowed a yellow Fernandes ZO-3 from a cousin, purchased a band score, and made a cover band.
Underlying this behavior was the desire to enter the anime and manga industry, and she was researching and analyzing comic magazine sales and publisher trends to think about how to succeed as a manga artist in the future.
Naruse later said that of the bands, it was more interesting to observe the connection with the girls chasing them than having interest in them.
While in high school, Naruse worked part-time at a Chinese restaurant, and with the salary she got there, she went to HIPSHOT JAPAN, a live house located in her native Koriyama.
Naruse said that although she could not afford to buy any CDs, she would go to the local Tower Records store after school and listen to all the CDs in the listening section.
After graduating from high school, Naruse entered an art university in Tokyo hoping to get a job in manga and anime.
As her savings began to run out, she consulted an in-game chatroom that she needed to get a job, and she was encouraged to work part-time at a maid cafe, felt inspired, and immediately started working at a maid cafe in Akihabara.
She said that during her Koriyama part-time job she found it very fun to communicate with customers, and that, from the experience of being impressed by seeing people who return happily after talking to me, she was confident that she would definitely succeed in a maid cafe.
Maid cafe employing being suitable for her gender, Naruse said, she felt it to be her vocation, and even thought to bury bones in Akihabara.
Although Naruse had never sang in public before, she asked the store manager to set up a stage and performed live.
She was not interested in being an idol at that time, but Naruse enjoyed singing in front of people and having fun.
Nemu Yumemi, who later became her teammate in Dempagumi.inc, had received customer service from Naruse when she went to a maid cafe before her debut.
When Yumemi came to the store, Naruse couldn't analyze what she was coming for and saw that her aura felt different from other customers.
After her first application was rejected, she worked part-time at a Mandarake shop before being accepted the third time in the summer of 2009.
At that time, Naruse had a dream of becoming an anime singer, and that was the main reason why he entered DearStage.
Naruse later mentioned that she did not have the feeling of wanting to be an idol at all, but rather the feeling that the idol was cool.
About one year after she entered, Naruse was invited to Dempagumi.inc by producer Maiko Fukushima, and became a member on 3 June 2010 alongside Myu Atobe.
Naruse is basically a positive thinker, but says that if she falls negatively, she feels scared that she will not come back and is afraid, and she says she lives with care not to fall.
Zambrano represented Venezuela at the 2013 South American U-17 Women's Championship, the 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, the 2015 South American U-20 Women's Championship and the 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Thomas Robertson(1765-1831) aka (The Mogul), actor and manager married on 8 September 1793 the famous Covent Garden actress Mrs Brown's daughter, Miss Frances Mary Ross later known as Fanny Robertson (1768-1855), a leading actress and manager on the Lincolnshire Circuit stage.
The Robertsons married into other families in the theatre, and he was also related to playwright Tom Robertson(1829-1871) and actress Dame Madge Robertson (1848-1917).
The Stamford Mercury announced on 18th March, 1796, the ending of the partnership with Miller and the new partnership with Robert Henry Franklin.
Franklin a widower died at the age of only 32 in Peterborough on 26, June 1802, leaving his shares in trust for a son.
The Lincolnshire Circuit in 1803 included theatres in Lincoln, Newark, Grantham, Boston, Spalding, Stamford, Huntingdon, Peterborough, Northampton and the Georgian Wisbech Theatre (now the Angles Theatre) in the Isle of Ely.
The 2019 Alpine Elf Europa Cup was the second season of the Alpine Elf Europa Cup, the one-make sports car racing series organized by Alpine for Alpine A110 Cup cars.
Susan Concannon (born July 23, 1958) is an American politician who has served in the Kansas House of Representatives from the 107th district since 2013.
Romano dubbed certain actors in at least one or two of their movies such as Ben Affleck, John Leguizamo and Jeremy Davies.
Of these, 99.1% spoke Russian, 0.3% Latvian, 0.1% Finnish, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Polish as their native language.
The show stars the team's eight members: Shawtane Bowen, Jonathan Braylock, Ray Cordova, James III, Caroline Martin, Jerah Milligan, Monique Moses and Keisha Zollar.
The show features comedy sketches, intermixed with clips from a reality television show where the members live together in a house.
Sketches in the show deal with a range of issues, with a focus on the black experience of African-Americans, race relations, and attitudes towards African-Americans in the media in general, and cinema in particular.
Segments between the sketches are from a fake reality show with all the Astronomy Club members living in one house, the Astronomy Clubhouse.
The cast members play heightened versions of themselves in the fake reality show, so the audience has a chance to get to know them.
Gomez's vocal range spans from the low note C4 to the high note of D5, giving the song one octave and one note of range.
It features Gomez wandering in an ethereal world, laying on a bed in a discotheque inspired room, and swiming in a pool.
The Cape Dory 330 is an American sailboat that was designed by Carl Alberg as a cruiser and first built in 1985.
The Cape Dory 330 is a development of the Cape Dory 33, with a bowsprit and cutter rig, plus interior changes.
It has a cutter rig, a spooned raked stem, a bowsprit, a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel.
The galley is located on the port side at the foot of the companionway steps and includes a sink and two-burner stove.
The Fox claims to know Pinocchio's father Mister Geppetto and proposes to Pinocchio to visit the Land of Barn Owls (Paese dei Barbagianni) and thence to a Field of Miracles, where coins can be grown into a money-producing tree.
They convince him that if he plants his coins in the field they will grow into a tree with gold coins.
Once Pinocchio returns, he learns of the Fox and the Cat's treachery from a parrot who mocks Pinocchio for falling for their tricks.
Fortunately for Pinocchio, who spends some time in prison, all criminals are released early by the jailers when the unseen young Emperor of Catchfools declares a celebration following his army's victory over the town's enemies.
Nellie Strong Stevenson (June 14, 1856 – July 9, 1930), born Ellen Strong, was an American pianist, music educator, and clubwoman.
Ellen C. Strong was born in Rockford, Illinois and raised in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of George P. Strong and Melinda P. Fales Strong.
She went to Europe for further studies in Leipzig and Berlin, and with Franz Liszt at a summer program in Weimar.
She was the founding president of the Missouri Music Teachers Association, and spoke at the World's Music Congress, held at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893.
In that position, she wrote about topics of interest to student musicians; she was also chair of the National Federation Contest for Young Artists.
In 1917 she was based in San Diego, where she was head of the piano department at the Sloan School of Music and played at the organ pavilion in Balboa Park.
She was a director of the California Music Teachers Association, and a member of the Western Women's Club and the Pacific Coast Women's Press Association.
She was widowed when Stevenson died in San Francisco in 1922, and she died in 1930, aged 74 years, while visiting Washington, D.C.
Sri Wickramrajasinghe Udagabada Nilame Madugalle (Sinhala:ශ්‍රි වික්‍රමරාජසිංහ උඩගබඩා නිලමෙ මඩුගල්ලේ),more widely known as Madugalle Disave was a Disawe, a high-ranking official under the rule of King Sri Wikrama Rajasinghe and later under the British Administration in Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon).
He was a major prominent leader of the Uva rebellion of 1818 after he joined the rebels whom he was sent to suppress by the British.
The rebellion was defeated by the British, and Madugalle Disawe along with several other leaders of the rebellion were found guilty.
The elections were held following a referendum in March 2019, in which 61% of voters voted in favour of calling a convention.
The Convention had 24 delegates; 11 from Chuuk State, 7 from Pohnpei State and three each from Kosrae State and Yap State.
Prisoner of Paradise (also known as Nazi Love Island) is a 1980 American pornographic exploitation film directed by Gail Palmer and Bob Chinn.
The film takes place during World War II, and stars John C. Holmes as Joe Murrey, a shipwrecked sailor who comes to the rescue of two American nurses who are being held captive by a Nazi officer and his three assistants on an island in the South Pacific.
The film was released in the United States in 1980, and received an X rating from the Motion Picture Association of America.
The film has been classified as an example of Nazisploitation, a subgenre of exploitation and sexploitation films in which Nazi characters are prominent.
The 743 Caspian Gates earthquake reportedly took place in the year 743 or 744 in the Caspian Gates (Gates of Alexander).
The chronicler Theophanes the Confessor (8th century) dates the earthquake in the year 6235 of the Byzantine calendar, in the third regnal year of Constantine V (reigned 741-775).
According to Theophanes' narrative, a sign appeared in the north at the time of the earthquake, and dust fell in various places.
According to a 1982 seismic catalogue by Ambraseys and Melville, this earthquake occurred to the east of Ray, Iran, in the valley of Tang-e Sar-e Darreh.
By the Byzantine era it mainly referred to the most important pass between the Caucasus and Northern Iran, the pass of Derbent.
In the 19th century, Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff and Robert Mallet theorized that the Caspian Gates should be identified with the pass of Dariel, which was located near the Black Sea.
There were eight special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1953, during the 83rd United States Congress, giving Democrats two additional seats.
It is among one of many corridors under the Belt and Road Initiative, a global economic connectivity program organized by China.
The corridor is a joint project of western Chinese provinces (Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Ningxia) and Singapore under the government-to-government framework of the China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity.
The route for the corridor is the railway from Chongqing to ports at the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi like the port of Qinzhou.
Examples in Chinese state media of the trade enabled by the corridor are potatoes from Gansu sold to Vietnam and pitaya from Vietnam found in the supermarkets of Chongqing.
Rail and truck lines also connect Chongqing to other Belt and Road Initiative corridors in Southeast Asia like the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, Laos-China Economic Corridor, and Two Corridors, One Belt (Vietnam).
Fifteen regional customs under the General Administration of Customs of China entered into a memorandum in 2019 to cooperate on the corridor.
Roberto Piazza (born 29 January 1968) is a former Italian volleyball player, a head coach of the Netherlands men's national volleyball team and Italian club Allianz Powervolley Milano.
Wilhelmine Moik was born 26 September 1894 in Vienna as one of a total of nine children of a toolmaker and a seamstress in the Viennese district Ottakring.
At the age of 17, she was forced to spend several months in hospital as a result of a lung aliment.
One day after her 18th birthday Moik joined the Social Democratic Labour Party (SDAP) and got her first job in the Domestic Workers Association.
She had learned of the use and value of trade unions from her father and had attended meetings of the Social Democratic Labour Party and the Free Trade Unions.
In 1916 she was employed by the Association of Housemaids and homeworkers and then, when she was working within the trade union commission, she became an employee of Anna Boschek, the first trade unionist in parliament.
In February 1934, after the unions were outlawed, Moik became deeply involved in the cause of her party and Socialist Workers' Assistance.
After the war, in November 1945, Moik was elected as a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) in the National Council, to which she belonged from December 1945 to December 1962.
Of these, 55.3% spoke Russian, 39.3% Finnish, 1.8% German, 1.7% Estonian, 0.6% Polish, 0.3% Yiddish, 0.3% Latvian, 0.2% Belarusian, 0.1% Ukrainian, 0.1% French, 0.1% Swedish and 0.1% English as their native language.
Kagiyama opened his season at the 2018 Asian Open Trophy, where he won the junior title ahead of teammate Tatsuya Tsuboi.
Kagiyama placed sixth at the senior level and was chosen as the first alternate for the 2019 World Junior Championships team.
His quadruple toe loop in the free skate set the junior record for the highest valued single jump, before being surpassed by Daniel Grassl's quadruple lutz at 2019 JGP Italy.
Kagiyama set a new junior world record in the free skating at 2019 JGP Poland, and surpassed his junior world record for the total score.
However, he eventually won silver behind Daniil Samsonov of Russia, who broke his junior world records for the free skating and the total score after Kagiyama skated.
Kagiyama won gold at the 2019–20 Japan Junior Championships by over 37 points ahead of Shun Sato and Lucas Tsuyoshi Honda.
He wants to attempt a quadruple flip and a quadruple loop at senior Nationals, and include a quad jump in his short program to challenge for a medal.
As junior national champion, Kagiyama was named to represent Japan at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics and the 2020 World Junior Championships.
He was also invited to compete in the senior division at the 2019–20 Japan Championships, alongside the rest of the top six finishers in the junior division.
Competing at the 2019–20 Japan Championships, Kagiyama placed seventh in the short program and second in the free skate, to win the senior national bronze medal.
He was not selected to compete at the 2020 World Championships, but was assigned as one of Japan's three entries at the 2020 Four Continents Championships, in addition to his previously-earned berth to the 2020 World Junior Championships.
Kagiyama was chosen by the Japanese Olympic Committee as the flag-bearer for the Japanese national team at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.
Kagiyama was selected by draw to be a member of Team Focus for the team event, alongside ladies' singles skater Kate Wang of the United States, pairs team Cate Fleming / Jedidah Isbell of the United States, and ice dancers Sofya Tyutyunina / Alexander Shustitskiy of Russia.
Nongdam is flanked by Leishiphung in the west, Itham in the south, Chadong in the east and Riha in the north.
The average sex ratio of the village is 1024 female to 1000 male which is higher than Manipur state average of 985.
Nongdam is a village located downstream the Mapithel Dam and is one of the adversely affected villages post commissioning of the multi-purpose project.
In The Body Keeps the Score, Van Der Kolk focuses on survivors that have undergone their challenges with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
These survivors each of different stories, whether that be someone coming back from war, struggling from sexual abuse, or facing domestic violence.
He also focuses on how the chemistry and structures of the brain change by using scientific tests that prove how different parts of the brain are affected by trauma and how it can impact an individuals personality.
Van Der Kolk touches on how PTSD can change the behavior of an individual (long term and short term) and how it can play a role in their life when it comes to pleasure, self-control, and trust.
The book is split into five different parts (Part one: Rediscovery of Trauma [Chapters 1-3], Part two: This is Your Brain on Trauma [Chapters 4-6], Part three: The Minds of Children [Chapters 7- 10], Part 4: The Imprint of Trauma [Chapters 11-12], and Part 5: Paths to Recovery [Chapters 13- 20]) each touching on a different perspective of trauma.
Some people may become catatonic, some may suffer from a dissociative disorder, others may act out in anger and others may induce self harm.
Ultimately, going through different traumatic experiences alters individuals differently and can causes personality changes that can hurt the victims and the people around them.
Part One of the book focus on different stories of individuals suffering from PTSD and how it has affected them each in their own way.
In victims suffering from PTSD, the body continues to fight the threat from the past, even if the victim is not consciously thinking about it.The brain undergoes changes once exposed to stress in a large degree.
Structure and/or hormones in the brain can alter and continue to be activated when someone goes through a traumatic experience that can lead to health issues and/or personality changes.
This part of the book focuses on the brains response to trauma; how different structures of the brain and influxes in hormones are affected by trauma and how that impacts the victims behavior.
There is a great difference in the way that information is processed between children that have undergone traumatic experience versus children who have not.
In Part Two of the book, van der Kolk compares how children that have gone through a traumatic event perceive information versus children that have not undergone through any traumatic experience.
This includes aggressive behavior (hitting and biting), becoming easily attached and detached, compulsive masturbation, lashing out at others or pets and lack of sense of self.
Van der Kolk took it upon himself to run some social experiments to test the perception of children with traumatic experiences versus children who have not had any traumatic experience.
The kind of test van der Kolk used was called Thematic Apperception Tests (TAT) which is a projective assessment measure that uses a set of picture cards to discover individuals inner feelings and reality.
On the other hand, when presented to children that did have a history of traumatic experience, he found that in every response, no matter how innocent the picture, they showed feelings of danger, aggression, sexual arousal, and even terror.
When someone undergoes a traumatic event, it can change the attitude, behavior, and the way the victim perceives past memories or even new situations.
In part three of the book, van der Kolk writes about his experience with patients who have suffered from a traumatic experience and how they recall the event as well as how they recall any past memory.
Van der Kolk stresses that in order to start recuperating from a traumatic event, the victim must be able to remember the event without it being hurtful to the body.
Part five of the book focuses on different types of therapy techniques that are proven to be helpful for individuals struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Abkhazia's first match was played on 27 May 2015, as part of a tour of the national team in Northern Cyprus, invited by their federation.
The Risk is a small rural locality approximately north-west of Kyogle in the local government area of Kyogle Council, part of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.
Of these, 65.5% spoke Russian, 25.7% Finnish, 2.5% Estonian, 2.1% German, 1.9% Polish, 0.5% Yiddish, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.4% Latvian, 0.3% Belarusian, 0.2% Lithuanian, 0.2% Tatar, 0.1% Swedish and 0.1% French as their native language.
Pascal Struijk (born 11 August 1999) is a Dutch professional association football player who plays as a centre back for English Championship club Leeds United.
Born in Deurne, Belgium, Struijk started his career at ADO Den Haag, before signing a two-year contract with Ajax in 2016.
His fist involvement in the 1st team came on 13 March 2018 under then manager Paul Heckingbottom, when he was named on the bench against Aston Villa in a 1-0 defeat.
After impressing for Carlos Corberán's Leeds United under 23's side over the course the 2018–19 season, that won the PDL Northern League 2018–19 season, they then became the national Professional Development League champions by beating Birmingham City in the final.
Strujik was named on the bench by Marcelo Bielsa for both the Championship playoff semi-final's against sixth-placed Derby County during the 2018/19 season, with Leeds losing on 4–3 aggregate over 2 legs, and saw Derby progress to the final against Aston Villa.
On 10 December 2019 during the 2019–20 season, Struijk made his debut for Leeds United, coming on as a 91st minute substitute for Hélder Costa in a 2–0 victory at home to Hull City.
Yo baby is the third studio album of South African singer Brenda Fassie released on November 6, 1990 by CCP Records.
Maria Matilda, Marquise de Blaisel (born Maria Matilda Bingham 1783 – 1849) was an American born heiress who married several prominent European aristocrats and statesmen.
Her younger brother, William Bingham, was married to Marie-Charlotte Chartier de Lotbiniere, Seigneuresse de Rigaud, the second daughter and co-heiress of Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière.
Bingham helped broker the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and was one of the richest men in America, having made his fortune during the American Revolution through trading and ownership of privateers.
On April 11, 1799, at the age of 15, she became the Comtesse de Tilly upon her elopement and secret marriage to French aristocrat, (1761–1816), in Philadelphia.
According to Tilly, her mother, who died shortly after the episode, was a lover of Louis-Marie, vicomte de Noailles (the brother-in-law of the Marquis de Lafayette), who had introduced Tilly to Maria and was her father's business partner.
Henry, a son of Harriet (née Herring) Baring and Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, served as a Member of Parliament for Colchester and Bossiney during their marriage.
After their divorce, her husband remarried to married Cecilia Anne Windham, a daughter of Vice-Admiral William Lukin Windham, with whom he had another eight children.
On April 17, 1826, at the Chapel of the British Ambassador in Paris, she was married Auguste, Marquis de Blaisel (1790–1870), thereby becoming the Marquise de Blaisel.
The Marquis de Blaisel, a Chamberlain to the Emperor of Austria, was a son of Camille Joseph du Blaisel, Marquis du Blaisel and the former Anne Elisabeth, Baroness de Tornaco.
Through her son Henry, she was a grandmother of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, the father of Sir Godfrey Baring, 1st Baronet, a Liberal Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight and later Barnstaple.
Through her eldest daughter Anna Maria, she was a grandmother of Anna Maria Helena Coesvelt, who married Charles-Antonin, Count de Noailles, second son of Antoine-Claude-Just de Noailles, duc de Mouchy and prince-duc de Poix.
Tanson studied at Pantheon-Sorbonne University in Paris and completed her studies with a master's degree in law and a diploma from Sciences Po Paris.
Nonetheless, she resigned from her seat to take office as the Minister of Housing and the Minister of Culture within the Second Bettel–Schneider Ministry on December 5th, 2018.
On September 6, 2019, Tanson became the interim Minister of Justice as a replacement for Félix Braz, who suffered from severe illness.
Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; sponsored by Mrs. Ruby Harris, the owner of the Cove Hotel, Panama City, she was launched on 23 December 1944.
The 2020 Florida Atlantic Owls baseball team will represent Florida Atlantic University in the sport of baseball for the 2020 college baseball season.
Of these, 88.6% spoke Russian, 10.5% Estonian, 0.2% German, 0.2% Finnish, 0.1% Latvian, 0.1% Polish and 0.1% Yiddish as their native language.
Snakes Plain is a small rural locality approximately south-west of Warren on the Oxley Highway in the local government area of Warren Shire, part of the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia.
At that time and place it was illegal for married women to own businesses, but unmarried women (including widows) could own businesses.
She operated her business at the Atlas & Hercules, Cheapside, near Friday Street from 1701 to 1716 and at the Atlas & Hercules, over against Salisbury Court, in Fleet Street 1720 to 1725.
Rabbi Yakov Yosef Twersky (June 23, 1899 – March 31, 1968) was the Grand Rabbi and spiritual leader of the village of New Square, New York and of Skverer Hasidism worldwide.
In 1956, Twersky founded the first shtetl in the United States, the village of New Square in Rockland County, New York.
Adding that PVRX describes a larger rounded image of Toronto's socio-economic inequality whilst also giving sound to a generation of the children of the town on a bigger scale.
It was an eight minute documentary which brings the viewer behind the views of Pvrx’s progress and provides an internal look into his journey and where he is today.
Northern Cyprus's first match was played on 27 May 2015, as part of a tour of the Abkhazia national team in Northern Cyprus, invited by the TRNC Federation.
Sarah Coupland MBBS, PhD, FRCPath, FARVO, FSB is an Australian-born pathologist and professor who is the George Holt Chair in Pathology at the University of Liverpool.
Coupland is an active clinical scientist whose research focuses on the molecular genetics of cancers, with particular interests in uveal melanoma, conjunctival melanoma, intraocular and ocular adnexal lymphomas and CNS lymphoma.
Since 2006, Coupland has been head of the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group; from which she runs a multidisciplinary oncology research group focussing on Uveal melanoma, based in the Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine at the University of Liverpool.
Her research laboratory is currently located in the Institute of Translational Medicine Since April 2014, Coupland has also been Director of the North West Cancer Research Centre, @UoL.
Coupland was born in Sydney, raised in Canberra and was educated at the University of New South Wales, Australia, where she received her MBBS Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery clinical degree in 1988, after which she studied for a Ph.D. at the University of Sydney.
For most of her career, Coupland has been based in Europe, and since 2005, she has been an academic research-based clinician at the University of Liverpool.
In 2005, she has registered by the General Medical Council, a public body that maintains the official register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom.
She re-registered in 2015 and as a Liverpool-based pathologist was Director of the Liverpool Tissue Bank between 2011 – 2016 and a contributor to the Athena SWAN agenda as Deputy Lead for the Institute of Translational medicine at the University of Liverpool.
Coupland is an active research collaborator and has received significant funding, both as both a principal investigator and as a co-investigator.
Recent funding, with the support of Innovate UK includes the creation of a Northern (N6) Academic Pathology Network Digital Pathology (2019-2021), funding from North West Cancer Research to characterise the tumour- immune microenvironment in metastatic uveal melanoma (2018-2020), a once renewed NWCR Programme Grant (2014-2021) that funds prestigious NWCR prize DTP PhD studentships.
Coupland has also received competitive research funding from EU-based Horizon 2020, Fight for Sight, NIHR and MRC schemes, totalling some £3.5million as PI and £14.5 million as Co-I.
She has also served on the Mucosal Melanoma Guidelines Writing group (2016-2018), the ACCEA Merseyside Regional Committee for National Awards (>2011-present), the National Cancer Research Institute CM-Path Workstream 4 – Molecular technologies, Digital Pathology (>2016-present).
She is an elected committee member of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland and served on the Education & Training Subcommittee (2016-2019.
Coupland is an active patient advocate, and part of the OcuMelUK patient support group and the NCRI Lymphoma Biological Studies Subgroup (Chair from 2008-2011).
In terms of scientific publishing and scholarship, she has been a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science since 2016, an Associate Editor for Acta Ophthalmologica (since 2014), and was an Associate Editor (pathology) for Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.
As well as serving on multiple committees and charities, especially in the broader field of ocular diseases, Coupland is a decorated clinical pathologist, and in recognition of her science, she has received numerous awards.
Her most recent prizes include an ARVO Silver Fellow Award (2012), an ARVO Gold Fellow Award (2014/5) and a prestigious ARVO Distinguished Service Award (2018).
The citation reads 'Professor Coupland is an outstanding pre-eminent ocular pathologist in the UK and is internationally acclaimed for her work in ocular oncology.
She has been instrumental to the care delivered to the world-recognised ocular oncology service in Liverpool through her pathology work, development of molecular and tumour signatures of ocular tumours, providing the evidence that informs treatments, prognosis and optimal patient care'.
Coupland has given over 150 invited seminars at universities across the world, and she is credited with the supervision of dozens of Masters and PhD students, in addition to serving as a Pathology International Training Fellowship supervisor for over 20 students.
She has published over 280 peer-reviewed publications, with an h-index of 47 (as of 2020) and a total of over 7,000 citations, according to Scopus or >10,600 according to Google Scholar.
Highly cited papers include a large number of enduring important first author and corresponding author publications, and citation classics such as and Coupland also contributed to important high-impact studies of genotyping in choroidal uveal melanoma and clinical subtying in uveal melanoma.
Born in 1981, Hanson began painting as a young girl, learning oils, acrylics, watercolor, pen and ink, pastels and life drawing from art instructors.
She began commissioning portraits of her neighbor's pets at age 10 and by age 12, she was employed after school by a mural studio, learning the techniques of acrylics on the grand scale of 40-foot canvases.
Although Hanson was interested in art at an early age, she didn't consider it a career when it came time for college.
Hanson says that although she enjoyed her courses in subjects such as microbiology, the actual work in the field seemed mundane.
After graduation, Hanson moved to Las Vegas, Nevada where she began an import business, but her rock climbing and hiking hobbies ultimately led her back to her childhood passion for painting.
During an interview, Hanson said she takes dozens of reference photos, which she can later use in the studio before she paints.
Hanson's paintings depict the natural beauty of the United States and around the world, but her roots are in the American West.
Hanson has mentioned that she has been inspired by Red Rock Canyon near Las Vegas, Nevada and Mojave Desert in Southern California.
She visits the Colorado plateau every year, backpacking and hiking through areas such as Zion National Park, Canyon de Chelly, and Monument Valley.
For her paintings, Hanson transforms the landscapes into abstract mosaics of color and texture, her impasto application of paint lending a sculptural effect to the art.
Sunsets and dawns continue to serve as a source of inspiration for Hanson's work, as do rocks, which often translate into abstracted shapes that form a mosaic of colors on her canvases.
Hanson's work has been displayed in multiple fine art galleries and museums such as the St. George Art Museum, La Salle University Art Museum, Mattatuck Art Museum and Bone Creek Museum of Agrarian Art.
The disaster on Chernobyl Atomic Power Station on April 26, 1986 gave birth to a massive national-democratic movement which had a turning point in 1989.
From the very beginning, the Communist Party’s authorities resorted to silencing and falsifying the causes, scope, and consequences of the Chernobyl accident.
It was necessary to communicate to the population of Ukraine and the world community the information about real threats, the elimination of which was impossible under conditions of the totalitarian regime.
The All-Ukrainian Environmental Campaign provided a certain impetus to the social and political processes in Ukraine, which culminated in the proclamation of state independence.
A copy of the Regulation was sent in advance to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Valentina Shevchenko.
All-Ukrainian Environmental Campaign took place along the following route: Netishyn (Khmelnitsky Atomic Power Station) – Slavuta – Shepetivka – Novohrad-Volynskyi – Korosten – Ovruch – Narodychi – Poliske – Ivankiv – Vyshgorod – Kyiv.
It was necessary to break the information blockade, distribute materials of patriotic publications with the Program and Charter of the Movement, information about political, environmental, linguistic situation in Ukraine, national symbols and more.
It was planned to collect as many signatures as possible under the Appeal to M. Gorbachev, the President of the USSR, demanding to stop the atomic minelaying of Ukraine, and to solve the issue of the construction and operation of nuclear power plants independently through the referendums.
The majority of the participants of the campaign were residents of Brovary and Brovary Region: Valeriy Sereda (chairman of the organizing committee), Ivan Odinets, Natalka Radchenko, Volodymyr Siroklin, Vasyl Stashenko, Anatoly Fedyk, Volodymyr Shvab (commander of the group), Vasyl Shust.
During the Campaign, the levels of radioactive contamination were determined, and explanatory work among the population was conducted (some of the participants of the Campaign were scientists – doctors and candidates of physical and mathematical sciences from the Institute of Nuclear Research).
The signed appeals were passed by the group of participants of the campaign in Moscow to the USSR People’s Deputies Y. Shcherbak, V. Yavorivsky, M. Kutsenko who delivered them to the President of the USSR M. Gorbachev.
The Lithuanian representatives noted that they had chosen the path to restoring Lithuania’s state independence, so they could not participate in the event.
In 1993 Cummins was a finalist in the Rose of Tralee festival, an international event which is celebrated among Irish communities all over the world; at each festival in Tralee, Ireland a woman is crowned the Rose.
After university she spent two years working as a bartender in Belfast, Northern Ireland before moving back to the United States in 1997 and beginning work at Penguin in New York City.
In 2018 the book was sold to Flatiron after a three-day bidding war between nine publishers which resulted in a seven-figure deal.
However, approximately one month before the release of the book, a negative review from Myriam Gurba was published in Tropics of Meta.
Cummins is a speaker with Macmillan Speakers and gives talks about victims' rights, her family's experience with the criminal justice system, and migration.
She also speaks at prisons, with first responders and with students about topics such as victimology and turning trauma into art and stories.
The Casino was a venue occupying the space of the former People's Theater, which had been in operation from 1890 to 1904.
The club was known as one of the places most welcoming of gays on the West Coast, and became popular with drag queens.
At the time, it was not widely allowed for men to dance together, but they were allowed to do so at The Casino, because the establishment paid off local policemen.
This fact made the establishment popular, via an underground network of information about nightlife for gays and lesbians, and caused it to be known as something of a speakeasy.
Prior to the legalization of dancing of same-sex couples, same-sex contact at The Casino was primarily through conversations and stealthy eye contact via the bar's mirrors.
The Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP) was a five year programme which set out regulatory requirements, goals and priorities of the European Union relating to the radio spectrum.
It attempted to standardise the frequencies that different types of communication could use and also set goals as to when this standardisation should be complete.
A legislative review recommended implementing an adapted programme as legislation in a regulation, and so a modified version was adapted into a proposed regulation.
The legislation was supported by the European Parliament, but was subsequently removed after criticism from member states in the European Council.
The modified version was then used as a basis for the section on the radio spectrum in the European Electronic Communications Code.
The first version laid out goals and their timescales, which aimed to standardise the assignment of the radio spectrum across the EU.
Several member states failed to meet certain goals due to a variety of reasons and this meant that the programme did not achieve standardisation in all member states early on.
In the year after its introduction, the European Commission initiated three different legislative reviews of the programme, with the third review proposing that the commission adopt the programme into regulation.
Adapting it into a regulation would mean that once it was adopted it would be enforceable in member states without national legislation, ensuring that every member state met the goals on time.
In 2016, the European Electronic Communications Code was created, which incorporated a section on the radio spectrum and this section was mostly based on the modified 2013 programme.
Some of the goals of the programme included switching to digital broadcasting from analogue, assignment of certain frequencies to mobile broadband throughout the EU and making use of the freed radio spectrum space for wireless communication.
Two were due to Congressmen taking seats in the United States Senate (Tim Scott of South Carolina and Ed Markey of Massachusetts), one resigned to take jobs in the private sector (Jo Ann Emerson of Missouri), one resigned to take a job in the public sector (Jo Bonner of Alabama), and Jesse Jackson Jr. resigned due to an impending federal indictment of misuse of campaign funds.
Jesse Jackson, Jr. resigned on November 21, 2012, following a months-long battle with bipolar disorder and due to being subject to a federal investigation over the possible misuse of campaign funds.
Pat Quinn first scheduled the primary elections for February 26, coinciding with municipal primary elections, and initially set the general election for March 19.
However, legislation was enacted at Quinn's request to allow the general election to coincide with municipal general elections held on April 9.
Democratic nominee Robin Kelly defeated Republican nominee Paul McKinley on April 9, 2013, taking 71 percent of about 82,000 votes cast.
Nikki Haley announced the appointment of U.S. Rep. Tim Scott to the United States Senate to replace the resigning Jim DeMint.
Scott's resignation from Congress became effective January 2, 2013 and Haley ordered the special election to replace him on the same day, with primary election being held on March 19, with runoffs on April 2 and the general election on May 7.
Mark Sanford, who held the seat from 1995 to 2001, with 36 percent, and former Charleston County Councilman Curtis Bostic, with 13 percent, placed in the top two of a 16-person field, advanced from the Republican primary to a runoff on April 2, 2013.
On December 3, 2012, U.S. Rep. Jo Ann Emerson announced her intention to resign from Congress, which became effective on January 22, 2013, to become the CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association in March 2013.
Smith was easily elected on June 4, 2013, taking 68 percent of the vote and was sworn-in by House Speaker John Boehner on June 5, 2013 in a ceremony that was attended by Emerson, most of Missouri's Congressional Delegation and Missouri's Republican Sen. Roy Blunt.
On June 25, 2013, 19-term U.S. Rep. Ed Markey (D-MA) defeated Republican Gabriel Gomez in the special election to fill the remaining 18-months of the unexpired term of the Class II United States Senate seat caused by Sen. John Kerry's confirmation as Secretary of State.
Clark defeated Addivinola on December 10, 2013, with 66 percent of the vote and was sworn-in by Boehner on December 12, 2013.
On May 23, 2013, Republican U.S. Rep. Jo Bonner announced his intention to resign from Congress to become the vice chancellor of government relations and economic development with the University of Alabama System., with his resignation becoming effective at midnight on August 15, 2013.
On the Republican side, the top two vote-getters in the primary, Bradley Byrne, a former state senator, and Dean Young, a businessman, advanced to a runoff on November 5.
On August 6, 2013, six-term incumbent U.S. Rep. Rodney Alexander announced plans to not seek a 7th term, citing the partisan gridlock in Congress.
On August 7, 2013, Alexander announced that he would not serve the remaining time left in his term and would instead resign effective September 26, 2013, and became the Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs under Governor Bobby Jindal.
On August 8, 2013, Jindal issued an executive order setting the dates for the special election with the primary being held on October 19, 2013, and the general election on November 16, 2013.
Louisiana operates under a jungle primary where candidates do not run for the nominations of individual parties but all run on one ballot and the top two vote getters advance to the general election.
On October 19, 2013, state Sen. Neil Riser (with 31.97 percent) and businessman Vance McAllister (with 17.79 percent), both Republicans, advanced to the general election, which was held on November 16.
On November 16, 2013, McAllister defeated Riser in the run-off with 60 percent of the vote, and was sworn-in by Boehner on November 21, 2013.
Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.
The film centres on a young girl (Léïa Scott) whose desire for freedom conflicts with the medical limitations experienced by her brother (Maxime Roberge), who has an artificial heart.
John Crowder (1756 – December 2, 1830) was an English alderman of the ward of Farringdon Within, and Lord Mayor of London.
He served his apprenticeship to a printer, and at the expiration of his time, went to London, and obtained a situation in his majesty's printing office, then under the control of William Strahan.
This engagement, in which Crowder took a very active part, continued until the year 1787, the time of Blyth's death, when Crowder, who the year before had married Blyth's niece, Mary Ann James (died November, 1823), succeeded to the management of the whole concern.
This he carried on for upwards of thirty years; and, during this period, was frequently employed in printing valuable works for the booksellers.
Residing, as he had during almost the whole of his life, in the ward of Farringdon Within, he was, in 1800, elected one of their representatives in the common council, afterwards became one of their deputies, (this ward had two) and on the death of Thomas Smith, esq.
On November 9, 1829, he entered on his mayoralty, and in the same year, served as Master of the Company of Stationers.
On November 9, 1830, he was removed in a very feeble state to his house at Hammersmith, where he lingered till December 2, when he died, aged seventy-four years.
Interested in the human body and three-dimensional form, he became a sculptor, often combining natural materials (wood, stone) with stainless steel and bronze.
The sculpture is placed on the banks for the Avon River immediately adjacent to the Central Fire Station in the central city in the Firefighters Reserve that was built for the games.
Of these, 85.4% spoke Russian, 4.0% German, 2.9% Finnish, 2.8% Polish, 1.0% Estonian, 0.9% Yiddish, 0.5% Latvian, 0.4% Ukrainian, 0.4% Tatar, 0.4% Swedish, 0.3% Lithuanian, 0.3% French, 0.2% Belarusian, 0.2% English, 0.1% Armenian and 0.1% Karelian as their native language.
Megan Carey is a neuroscientist and Group Leader of the Neural Circuits and Behavior Laboratory at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown in Lisbon, Portugal.
She received her PhD in 2005 from University of California at San Francisco where she studied neural mechanisms of motor learning in Stephen Lisberger's lab.
They noticed though, that by keeping all animals walking at a similar pace on motorized wheels, the variability diminished and the animals learned the task at a similar rate.
Using this device, mice learn to modulate their walking so that their front paws and back paws land at the same time, even though each side is moving at a different speed.
They discovered that inhibiting neural circuits in the cerebellum, but not the cerebral cortex, was a detriment to learning the walking behavior.
The core curriculum is complemented by short workshops called Labs, which are open to the public in addition to Wayfinding students.
Labs focus on a specific topic or skillset and have included topics such as Hip Hop, immigration, conflict resolution, gender and sexuality, social media, personal finance, and Pacific Northwest ecology.
Students are required to complete two internships or self-directed projects during their time at Wayfinding, in order to gain real-world experience, contribute to the Portland community, and get a clearer understanding of what work they might want to do.
During breaks between terms, Wayfinding Academy offers trips for students and supporters to learn about other cultures and have new experiences.
The average age of all alumni and current enrollees is 21.4, with 51 percent between 20-25, 28 percent between 18-19, and 15 percent between 26-28.
Sixty percent of non-dependent Wayfinding students fall below the federal poverty line and a majority of all Wayfinding students fall into the category of bottom 50 percent of U.S. household income.
He was educated in North Carolina's state public school systems, beginning at Pinnacle Elementary, working his way through community college, and earning a Bachelor of Arts in political science from UNC-Chapel Hill, where he graduated in 2012.
On November 23, 2015, Hall was appointed to the North Carolina House seat of NC House District 91 by Governor Pat McCrory.
Raised in Stockbridge, Edinburgh, he was educated at Stockbridge Primary School and Broughton High School before studying drama at the Oxford School of Drama.
Murray's other commercial work includes Coca Cola, McDonald's, Evian, Wrigley's Big Red, Fanta, Vodafone, BT Cellnet, Ikea, Boots, Party Poker and Old Speckled Hen.
After leaving school, Stephenson opted to join the Royal Navy, being commissioned as an acting sub-lieutenant in September 1926, with promotion to sub-lieutenant following in May 1927.
He made his debut in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy against the Royal Air Force at The Oval in 1927.
He made two further first-class appearances for the navy in 1928, playing against the British Army cricket team and the Royal Air Force.
During the war he was promoted to the rank of commander in June 1941, in addition to receiving the Distinguished Service Order in August 1942 for his actions while commanding during the Battle of Madagascar.
The 2019 Atlantic Sun Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Atlantic Sun Conference held from November 1 through November 9, 2019.
The team was known as the Knoxville Appalachians from 1909 to 1911 before adopting the Reds moniker used by a previous team of the same name.
They were members of the Class B South Atlantic League (1909) and the Southeastern League (1910) and Appalachian League (1911–1914), both Class D circuits.
Since 1993, aiming to rationalise expenditure of the regional administration, the magazine started to be provided on the basis of paid subscriptions.
With the 221th issue of December 2012, following a time of crisis when Piemonte Parchi risked a complete closure due to Regione Piemonte budgetary cuts, after almost 30 years of activity the magazine sharply reduced its paper format issues per year.
Among the contributors of Piemonte Parchi there are prominent personalities of the Italian environmentalism as, for instance, Mario Rigoni Stern, Reinhold Messner, Antonio Cederna, Laura Conti and Piero Angela.
He was the son of William Mead, a grocer in Aylesbury and his first wife, Sarah Catherine Stevens, who died in 1918.
During teacher training at the College of St Mark and St John in London, he worked for an external degree of the University of London.
Completing a London Ph.D. interrupted by the war, Mead took a lecturing position at the University of Liverpool under Henry Clifford Darby.
He began working for Newcastle upon Tyne Council, and in 1908 formed the first branch of the National Union of Clerks (NUC) in North East England.
Due to the outbreak of World War I, no election was held until 1918, and by that time, Lindsley's political views had changed.
A strong supporter of British involvement in the war, he resigned from the ILP, and joined the National Democratic and Labour Party (NDP), standing unsuccessfully for it in Houghton-le-Spring.
Lindsley continued his trade union activism, serving as president of Newcastle Trades Council in 1914, and as president of the National Union of Clerks in 1915/16.
He also spent a year as the union's paid National Propagandist Organiser, during which he focused on building up union membership in Wales.
The NDP dissolved, and Lindsley became a supporter of the Conservative Party, standing unsuccessfully for the party in Jarrow at the 1923 UK general election.
The ERP-22 de Agosto was an Argentinian guerrilla faction split in 1973 of the Military Committee of the Federal Capital of the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), as a result of tactical divergences regarding the organization's position before the electoral act of March 11, 1973.
ERP members who disagreed with this position were separated after the meeting of the Central Committee in December 1972 (the first in which Mario Santucho was present after returning from his exile in Cuba), in which they concluded that It was impossible to continue within the organization.
The initial structure of the ERP-22 was a copy of the command line that the splinters had when they were part of the ERP.
The date of the name refers to the day of 1972 in which the first large-scale joint operation of the ERP, Montoneros and Peronist Armed Forces (FAP) guerrillas takes place in order to free many of their main chiefs imprisoned in the Rawson criminal.
At 8:20 local time they park a van and descend three guerrillas dressed in work clothes and carrying boxes of whiskey.
The van leaves and they avoid the obstacle of the doorman of the building where García lived because he was not there.
Garcia's maids opened them because they presented the card of the mayor of Buenos Aires, Saturnino Montero Ruiz, as the one who sent the gifts.
The guerrillas reduced the staff and came to Garcia, who slept next to a well-known television artist, and reassured him, while another militant arrived to pretend to be the maid in case some unforeseen event happened.
The ERP-22 required to release the publication, on the front page of the newspaper, of a statement calling to vote for FreJuLi.
Then, the owner of Chronicle was taken to an ERP-22 dependent house, where he was held twelve hours until the newspaper edition came out, when he was released.
At first it was believed that everything had been a maneuver to promote itself and although this theory was suggested, the editor knew that he had gone through a difficult experience and the ERP-August 22 had taken his first blow to affirm its independent existence.
The ERP-22 decides to make fun of these operations by taking the town of Engineer Maschwitz, near the capital of the country.
At 10.00 each of the operating groups marches to their positions: the first team, five militants, will take the police station; the second, two members, will take the mail and cancel the telegraph; The third with three will take care of the station and the fourth with two will cut the telephone lines.
A first attempt was made, which failed because the militant in the parked car made the wrong signal to the motorcycle and it took another path.
At the entrance of the Faculty of Law, a car waited for them with which they continued on their way to intervene surgically, but Palmeiro finally died, but not before learning about the success of the operation by radio.
What they did not say, is that as of April 30, Galician Victor José Fernández Palmeiro, next to the sixteen martyrs of Trelew, he began to live in the heart of his town.
The Trofeo de Campeones de la Superliga Argentina is an official National association football cup of Argentina organized by the Superliga Argentina de Fútbol (SAF).
The annual football match was played for the first time in 2019, being contested by the reigning champions of Primera División and Copa de la Superliga respectively.
The voting pencil conspiracy theory is a conspiracy theory that using the pencils provided in British polling stations allows the result to be changed by MI5.
Promoters of the theory urge people to use pen on the basis that it makes it harder for MI5 to change the vote.
The theory originated with leave voters in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum and was widespread during the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
She was elected to represent Lamesley on the Gateshead Council in 2006 and has been in the cabinet since 2009 for health and wellbeing.
While training for the 2015 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Wilson was struck by a car backing out of a parking spot.
To qualify for the Paralympics, Wilson set a new world and Paralympic record at 3:53.66, which was beaten five minutes later by Zhangyu at 3:50.373.
Wilson ended his first Paralympic Games with two silver medals; one in men’s c1 individual pursuit and another in the men’s c1 road time trial.
In 2017, Wilson earned a gold medal at the 2017 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in the C1 men's 3,000 metre individual pursuit.
He would later take home a silver medal at the 2017 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, losing to Germany’s Michael Teuber.
The following year, Wilson earned a silver medal after finishing 2.362 seconds behind Ricardo Argiles at the 2018 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
At the 2018–19 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Wilson set a new world record for the C1 Men’s Individual Pursuit with a time of 3:49.450.
The 2019–20 UEFA Youth League knockout phase (play-offs and round of 16 onwards) will begin on 11 February and conclude on 20 April 2020 with the final at Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland.
The draw for the play-offs was held on 16 December 2019, 14:00 CET (), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
The eight second round winners from the Domestic Champions Path were drawn against the eight group runners-up from the UEFA Champions League Path, with the teams from the Domestic Champions Path hosting the match.
The eight play-off winners advance to the round of 16, where they are joined by the eight group winners from the UEFA Champions League Path.
The draw for the round of 16 onwards will be held on 14 February 2020 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
Backer Award for the editing of Celluloid in 2012,Kerala State Film Award for the editing of Oru Indian Pranayakadha in 2013 and Film Producers Association Award for the editing of Celluloid in 2012.
Since 1971, he started his carrier with G. Venkittaraman, senior Malayalam film editor and worked as his assistant in more than 200 Malayalam films.
Antje Weisheimer is a German climate scientist researching at the University of Oxford, UK, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK.
Dr Weisheimer was an assistant professor at the Institute of Meteorology within the Freie Universität Berlin from 2003 to 2005 before changing to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK.
Since 2011 she additionally works half-time at the University of Oxford where she is a Senior Research Fellow of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) and a Research Fellow of Wolfson College.
This includes research on the predictability on sub-seasonal, seasonal and decadal time scales, as well as the edge between weather and climate forecasts.
On the basis of climate model data, Dr Weisheimer and her collaborators could determine the effect of human-induced climate change on the winter floods in England in 2013/14.
Dr Weisheimer was a Contributing Author to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which was published in 2007 and an Expert Reviewer for the Fifth Assessment Report published in 2014.
Due to their prior relationship, Kováč was able to bribe Vašek, and visited his office almost daily to deliver bribes and provide Vašek with excuses to explain delays in deportations to his superiors.
Vašek's desire for money to fund his gambling and womanizing made him susceptible to bribery; he was the highest-ranking Slovak official to accept bribes from the Working Group.
Due to Vašek's intervention, a 26 June transport of Jews was cancelled; Vašek presented Interior Minister Alexander Mach with a falsified report that all non-exempt Jews had already been deported.
He was known to pull Jews out of cattle cars after receiving a bribe, only to send them on the next transport.
Vašek was tried by the National Tribunal, accused of accepting 2 million koruna in bribes and being responsible for the deportation of 50,000 Slovak Jews to concentration camps.
Hedda Wardemann is an immunologist and Professor in the Division of B cell immunology at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany.
Wardemann moved to New York, United States, to work as a PostDoc in the laboratory of Michel C. Nussenzweig at the Rockefeller University until 2003.
From 2003 to 2005, she held a position as Research Assistant Professor in Nussenzweigs group before she opened her junior research group at the Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin, Germany.
Of these, 42.7% spoke Crimean Tatar, 21.1% Ukrainian, 17.6% Russian, 12.0% German, 2.5% Yiddish, 1.6% Greek, 0.7% Armenian, 0.6% Estonian, 0.3% Polish, 0.3% Belarusian, 0.2% Czech, 0.1% Romani, 0.1% Mordvin and 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian as their native language.
The largest settlement mound from the Late Neolithic (second half of the 6th millennium BC) was discovered during rescue excavations in 1972-1979 on the territory of the town in the Western industrial zone in the Kacitsa area.
From the middle of the 4th century on the hills of Tsarevets and Momina fortress were settled Gothic-Arians led by Bishop Wolfila.
On the hills on which the capital city of Turnovo extends, a number of coins, specimens, ceramics from the First Bulgarian State and specimens from Volga Bulgaria were found.
There were several agricultural markets in the city (on the Asen I square, next to the Men's High School, the maritime field agricultural market) and the market: the market in the Bolyarskaya neighborhood, the Samovodskaya charshya.
The Russian prince Nikolai Nikolaevich enters Turnovo on June 30, 1877, greeted by thousands of Bulgarians and passing under a built triumphal arch.
On June 1, 1913, at 11 hours and 28 minutes, the city and surrounding settlements were abducted by an earthquake of degree 7 on the Richter scale.
Christine L. Mummery is an appointed professor of Developmental Biology at Leiden University and the head of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands.
Prof. Mummery has pioneered studies on cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hPSC) and was among the first to inject them in mouse heart after myocardial infarction.
Mummery was the first to derive human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in Netherlands and is internationally leading in their use for cardiovascular disease modelling and safety pharmacology.
Prof. Mummery completed her Ph.D. in Biophysics from the University of London, UK for researching the effect of ultrasound in wound healing at King's College London in 1978.
In 1981, she continued with a Postdoctoral fellowship at the Hubrecht Institute (KNAW), Utrecht, working on neuroblastoma and embryonal carcinoma cells as screens for teratogens before being appointed tenured staff scientist working on developmental biology, differentiation and stem cells in 1985.
In 1993, Prof. Mummery became a group leader working on TGFβ and BMP signalling in mouse development using cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis in mouse and human (embryonic) stem cells as models.
In 2007, Mummery was a visiting professor jointly at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) and the Radcliffe Institute working on to engineer cardiac grafts.
Prior to her position as Chair of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at Leiden University Medical Center, Prof. Mummery was a professor of Developmental Biology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Utrecht from 2002 to 2008.
Mummery is a board member of the Hubrecht Institute (KNAW), the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the International Society of Stem Cell research (ISSCR) from which she is vice president since 2018 until 2020.
Mummery is also the founding editor of Stem Cell Reports; is on the editorial Board of Cell Stem Cells, Stem Cells, Current Stem Cell Res.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Social Policy and a Master of Arts in Housing Studies, both from the University of Bristol.
Winter has worked in RCT for Shelter Cymru and in Penywaun as a community worker as well as managed a youth club and worked in a food bank.
The singing is carried out with a high pitched cry or shriek usually standing on top of a mountain in order to communicate a message, such as the death of a family members, or to warn other tribes of enemies entering the valley.
There are several types of songs depending on origin, such as songs with one's finger to close to the ear (këngë me gisht në vesh), songs with a raised arm (këngë majekrahu), war-cry songs (këngë kushtrimi), and wedding guest songs (këngët e krushqve).
his second wife, Ruth, who developed the breed with Cal's brother, Hudson, on their ranches near Merriman between 1917 and 1936.
Caleb or Cal Thompson, born at West Point, Nebraska, in 1892, showed a strong early interest in purebred animals and raising registered livestock.
After the end of World War II, his family moved to Kyushu, Japan, and the young Victor was sent to live with relatives in Tokyo.
In 1965, becoming interested in the Russian martial art of sambo, Koga associated with fellow judoka and wrestler Ichiro Hatta in order to pioneer it in Japan.
One of his most famous students in Japan was Satoru Sayama, who went to open the first mixed martial arts promotion in the form of Shooto.
In 2018, FYI Brand Group relaunched with 5 new divisions, brand management and partnerships, publicity, original narrative content, experiential marketing and social impact.
FYI Brand Group has offices in New York and Los Angeles, and includes client list of Jhené Aiko, DJ Khaled, Travis Scott, French Montana, Pusha T, Steve Aoki, Russell Westbrook, Odell Beckham Jr., and others.
In 2019, when 21 Savage was detained by ICE, Brook created the #Free21Savage human rights coalition that helped him get out of deportation.
The species is named in honor of German-American microbiologist Alfred M. Spormann, in recognition of his work on the field microbial electrosynthesis.
He consequently rose in the ranks of the PLO, and became an important military commander in the Arab–Israeli conflict, taking part in missions in Lebanon, Yemen, Sudan, and Uganda.
Following the Oslo I Accord, Da'as became President Yasser Arafat's personal military advisor and a deputy in the Palestinian Legislative Council.
Soon after his birth, his family relocated to the Jordianian city of al-Karak, where his father found work as policeman in the Briish-led security forces.
He was appointed commander of the 7th Company in the corps' 2nd Battalion, and was promoted to head of the entire 2nd Battalion and lieutenant colonel.
In 1970, war broke out between the previously allied Jordanian government under King Hussein and the PLO led by Yasser Arafat.
He was appointed member of the Revolutionary Council of Fatah during this conference, and promoted to commander of the Yarmouk Forces in 1972.
The organisation had forged a strong alliance with Uganda under Idi Amin, establishing bases in the country where it trained about 400 fighters.
When the Uganda–Tanzania War broke out in 1978, the Uganda Army quickly proved incapable in the face of the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF), and Amin's regime began to collapse.
The PLO high command was alarmed, fearing that the end of Amin's government would result in the ouster of the Palestinian militants from Uganda.
Despite being aided by the PLO and Libya, the Uganda Army was completely defeated in the Battle of Lukaya on 10–11 March 1979.
The Tanzanians began their attack on Kampala on 10 April 1979, and the PLO troops under Da'as reportedly resisted some time before retreating northward.
He managed to bring his surviving men to Sudan despite being hindered by bad roads, a hostile population, and dangerous wildlife.
Da'as was appointed member of the Supreme Military Council of the Palestinian Revolution during Fatah's fourth conference in Damascus in May 1980.
He was also sent to East Germany, where he signed an agreement with General Helmut Borufka, inspector general of the National People's Army, on 19 April 1982.
In course of this conflict, Da'as served as Director of Officer Affairs and Fortifications and took part in the fighting against the Israel Defense Forces, including during the Siege of Beirut.
As result of the Oslo I Accord, Da'as and the rest of the PLO leadership was able to return to Palestine in 1994, and he became a candidate in the 1996 Palestinian general election.
The 2020 season is Santos Futebol Clube's one hundred and eighth season in existence and the club's sixty-first consecutive season in the top flight of Brazilian football.
As well as the Campeonato Brasileiro, the club competes in the Copa do Brasil, the Campeonato Paulista and also in Copa Libertadores.
Kaufmann was born in General Roca, a city in the Córdoba province in Argentina, where she spent most of her childhood and teenage years.
Abdulkadir Said Ahmed (born 17 July 1999) is a Somali-Finnish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Finnish club and the Somalia national team.
On 7 December 2019, Ahmed made his debut for Somalia in a 0–0 draw against Djibouti in the 2019 CECAFA Cup.
Cauvery Madhavan is an Indian born writer living in Ireland who uses her experience of being a migrant in her writing.
Cauvery Madhavan was born in Madras, India to Major C. Guruswamy and Bollamma Guruswamy where she worked as a copy writer.
The 1976 Agfa Colour Cup was a men's Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held in Düsseldorf, West Germany and played on outdoor clay courts.
Luczak grew up in Poland, and began her university studies at age 16 at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, studying the philology of the English language.
However, after a second year studying philology at Keele University in the UK, she decided to switch to mathematics, and enrolled at St Catherine's College, Oxford.
After her first year's examinations, she was able to obtain scholarship support and continue her studies and remain at Oxford for doctoral work.
She became an assistant lecturer at the Statistical Laboratory at the University of Cambridge and then a reader in mathematics at the London School of Economics.
However, in 2010, failing to receive an expected promotion to professor, she took instead a professorial chair at the University of Sheffield and a five-year Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Leadership Fellowship.
cores of random graphs, the giant component in random graphs with specified degree distributions, and the Glauber dynamics of the Ising model.
Griffiths reported that she left him the day that he had told her about it, and that she had later started divorce proceedings.
He then withdrew his candidacy rather than face a second vote in which he would face other candidates including his estranged wife.
Her campaign focussed on promises on local issues such as investment in the local area's high streets, and national issues including Brexit.
Apsana Begum (, ; born May 1990) is a British politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Poplar and Limehouse since 2019.
Her father, Manir Uddin Ahmed (who died in 2012), was also a Labour Party politician, the Tower Hamlets Community Housing Board Director (2002-2006) and the 2004 Mayor of Tower Hamlets.
She worked as an admin officer for Tower Hamlets Council whilst the discredited former Mayor of Tower Hamlets, Lutfur Rahman, held office.
Apsana Begum is the UK's first Muslim woman MP who wears the hijab to take up a seat in what is being dubbed as the most diverse Parliament ever.
On being elected, Apsana spoke to the Eastern Eye about the series of racist, Islamophobic and misogynistic attacks that she has had to endure and the many barriers facing BAME women when getting involved in public life.
Begum, who is childless, had left her husband's residence and was allocated a one-bed flat worth £330,000 soon afterwards, allegedly jumping a queue of 18,000 people on the waiting list in her local area.
After completing her PhD, Miyake returned to Japan and obtained a position at Aoyama Gakuin Women's Junior College, where she stayed for seven years.
From 1991 to 2009, she was a professor in the School of Computer and Cognitive Science at Chukyo University in Nagoya.
In 2009, she joined the University of Tokyo, where she was a professor in the Graduate School of Education, as well as the Deputy Director of the Consortium for Renovating Education of the Future.
Cognitive scientist Marcia Linn noted Miyake's role as a pioneer amongst women in academia in Japan, observing that she became a professor in departments where women were a rarity.
In this work, she examined interactions between pairs of subjects who had been asked to complete a learning task together (exploring how a sewing machine worked).
She continued to study collaborative learning throughout her research career, examining subjects across the lifespan (from early childhood to adulthood) and combining interests in education, psychology, and engineering.
The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA.
H4K5ac has also been implicated in epigenetic bookmarking which allows gene expression patterns to be faithfully passed to daughter cells through mitosis.
Important cell-type specific genes are marked in some way that prevents them from being compacted during mitosis and ensures their rapid transcription.
In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.
The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases.
Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity, but this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling.
The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output.
It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region.
Kate Osborne is a British Labour Party politician, who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Jarrow since the 2019 general election.
The following year Osborne was elected to represent Preston ward at the 2010 United Kingdom local elections gaining the seat from the Conservative Party incumbent.
Osborne is married to Pamela Brooks-Osborne who is a former North Tyneside councillor, representing Whitley Bay ward from 2010-2014 and Preston ward from 2015-2019.
This was the year the Hofmusikkapelle was founded; Jurij Slatkonja was a chaplain and cantor at the court in Vienna and also the canon and provost of the Diocese of Ljubljana.
In 1498, he was appointed the singing master of and two years later became the chapel master of the Vienna Court Chapel.
Under Emperor Ferdinand I most of the musicians of the Hofmusikkapelle were Flemish and under Ferdinand II most came from Italy.
The court band flourished under the subsequent emperors until about 1740, after which Maria Theresa and Joseph II restricted its use to church music, and Antonio Salieri, who taught Beethoven, was the last Italian court conductor.
After World War I and the fall of the monarchy, the court music band was placed under the Ministry of Education.
Boys were no longer hired and ladies of the Vienna State Opera sang the upper parts, and the choir was disbanded in 1922.
However it was formed again in 1924 as the Vienna Boys' Choir, and this has since become a professional music group.
It was expanded under Albert II between 1423 and 1426, and rebuilt in Gothic style by Frederick III from 1447 to 1449.
Today's Wiener Hofmusikkapelle consists of the Vienna Boys' Choir, male singers from the choir of the Vienna State Opera, and members of the Vienna Philharmonic.
A member of the Conservative Party, she defeated Chuka Umunna, the Liberal Democrats' candidate who had left the Labour Party in protest against Jeremy Corbyn's leadership.
From 2000 to 2012, Alex was director of communications and strategy for Westminster City Council, and before that worked for the Conservative Party as head of its campaigns unit and its press office.
Hassan Abdinur Gesey (; born 5 May 1998) is a Somali footballer who plays as a midfielder for Horseed and Somalia national team.
On 22 November 2015, Gesey made his debut for Somalia in a 4–0 loss against Tanzania in the 2015 CECAFA Cup.
He was a prolific printer and reviser of maps, frequently collaborating with other contemporary mapmakers (or buying their plates from them and creating updated editions) including Herman Moll, Robert Morden (with whom he sold globes), John Ogilby, and John Seller.
Between about 1683 and 1686, he worked at the Atlas & Hercules in the Poultry district of London (over against Old Jewry).
The Illyrian language was a common name of the South Slavic languages before the emergence of Slavistics and Cyrillo-Methodian Studies, and especially during the Ottoman period.
Bartol Kašić adopts the South Slavic dialect of grammar in Shtokavian, pointing out as such the subdialect of Dubrovnik that is everyday for him.
Ebeguowen Otasowie (born 6 January 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for English club Wolverhampton Wanderers.
After progressing from their youth academy, Otasowie made his senior debut for Wolverhampton Wanderers as a substitute in Wolves' final UEFA Europa League group match of the 2019–20 edition against Beşiktaş on 12 December 2019.
Rasmus Højgaard (born 12 March 2001) is a Danish professional golfer who won his first European Tour event at the 2019 AfrAsia Bank Mauritius Open.
Højgaard first came to prominence in July 2016 when he won the Danish International Amateur Championship, was part of the Danish team that finished third in the European Boys' Team Championship and won the McGregor Trophy in successive weeks.
He was also part of the Danish team that won the 2017 European Boys Team Championship, beating the hosts Spain in the final.
In June he won the individual competition for the boys Toyota Junior World Cup, four strokes ahead of his brother Nicolai.
In September he was part of the Danish team that won the 2018 Eisenhower Trophy for the first time and he played for Europe in the Junior Ryder Cup later in the month.
After playing some tournaments on the Nordic Golf League he played on the Challenge Tour for the rest of the season.
Although he had a number of further top-10 finishes, he finished 21st in the Order of Merit, missing out on a place on the 2020 European Tour.
However he finished tied for 5th place in the Q School later in 2019 to gain a place on the tour.
In December 2019, Højgaard won the AfrAsia Bank Mauritius Open, the second event of the season, winning a three-man playoff against Renato Paratore and Antoine Rozner at the third extra hole.
Højgaard's twin brother Nicolai is a professional golfer and was also part of the Danish team that won the 2018 Eisenhower Trophy.
After several rebuildings, its exterior is now in the style of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, although the official rooms are in the Baroque style and some Gothic elements are still recognisable.
The courtyard contains the 1741 Andromeda Fountain designed by Georg Raphael Donner, whilst behind the courtyard is the 14th century Gothic Sankt Salvator church.
Frederick the Fair donated the original building on the site to the city council in 1316 and has been owned by the city ever since.
On 26 May 1848, during Vienna's March Revolution, it housed meetings of the People's Security Committee, as memorialised by a plaque on the building.
Since 1871 Sankt Salvator has been in the care of the Old Catholic Church of Austria, which was founded by those rejecting the doctrine of papal infallibility, though that new religious community was only recognised by the Austrian state in 1877.
The Altes Rathaus last housed a meeting of Vienna's city council on 20 June 1885, with the first at the Neue Rathaus three days later.
100 members of the National Assembly are elected from 18 multi-member constituencies based on the provinces using the closed list proportional representation system.
A further three members of the Twa ethnic group are appointed, and more members are co-opted to ensure a 60-40 split between Hutus and Tutsis, and a 30% quota for female MPs.
The 36 indirectly-elected members are elected from 18 two-seat constituencies based on the provinces, with each province electing one Hutu and one Tutsi member.
The elections are held using a three-round system, in which a candidate must receive a supermajority (two-thirds) of the vote in the first and second round to be elected; if the threshold is not crossed, a third round of voting is held featuring the top two candidates.
In response, the main opposition alliance, CNARED, announced that they would return from exile in Belgium to participate in the elections for the first time since 2005.
However, Human Rights Watch accused the youth wing of the ruling CNDD–FDD and local government officials of extorting the money from citizens in the buildup to the elections, sometimes demanding the donation multiple times.
Visser has played in the top two tiers of South African football with Platinum Stars (twice), Bloemfontein Celtic, Black Leopards (loan), Polokwane City, Engen Santos and Cape Umoya United.
In 2010, Visser featured for Platinum Stars in a friendly against England, as part of their preparations for the 2010 World Cup.
Following the expiration of his Cape Umoya United contract at the end of the 2018–19 National First Division season, Visser moved to England.
He went on trial with Charlton Athletic in July 2019, but ultimately was not offered a contract, with the Addicks instead opting to sign Ben Amos.
Visser made his debut for the club in a 3–1 victory over West Ham United U21 in the group stage of the EFL Trophy.
In the following round, Visser kept a clean sheet against Oxford United, before saving all three of Oxford's penalties in the ensuing penalty shootout – a performance which earnt him the tournament's 'Player of the Round' award.
The winners of each tournament secure a two-year, five-fight contract with MTK Global and a guaranteed six-figure purse for each fight.
Competitors in the featherweight edition are; Britain's Ryan Walsh, Leigh Wood, Jazza Dickens and Tyrone McCullagh; Ireland's David Oliver Joyce; Mexico's Carlos Araujo; Spain's Carlos Ramos; and Hairon Socarras of Cuba.
Competitors in the super-lightweight edition are; Britain's Tyrone McKenna, Ohara Davies, Jeff Ofori, Darren Surtees, Kieran Gething and Mikey Sakyi; America's Logan Yoon; and France's Mohamed Mimoune.
Competitors in the light-heavyweight edition are; Britain's Hosea Burton, Steven Ward, Liam Conroy, Tommy Philbin, Andre Sterling and Bob Ajisafe; Germany's Serge Michel; and Latvia's Ricards Botoniks.
He was also a curling activist, in the years 1953-1970 he sat on the board of the Swedish Federation of Curling, additionally he served as treasurer (1954-1956), vice president (1963-1966) and from 1970 to 1972 president.
He took part in international matches, among others with England and Denmark and also won the unofficial national championship of Group B in 1943.
Totte grew up in family of curlers: his father Erik was a four-time Swedish men's curling champion in 1920–1930s, and his brother (Totte's uncle) Rune was also a curler and 1932 Swedish men's curling champion.
In 2019 he was selected as the candidate to replace the independent former Conservative Nick Boles, who had decided to stand down at the 2019 general election.
Pratik Bachan, best known by his stage name B Praak, is an Indian singer and music composer associated with the Punjabi Music industry.
Dogs at polling stations or #dogsatpollingstations is a popular hashtag and Internet meme on social media during an election in the UK and other countries such as Australia.
Typically, the dogs are photographed waiting for their owners outside the polling station and the pictures then posted on services such as Instagram or Twitter.
The 2019 United Kingdom general election was held in December and thus many of the photographs had a seasonal theme such as showing the dog wearing a Santa hat.
Of these, 23.9% spoke Crimean Tatar, 22.8% Russian, 22.8% German, 22.0% Ukrainian, 2.6% Yiddish, 1.6% Estonian, 1.2% Czech, 1.2% Armenian, 0.5% Romani, 0.4% Greek, 0.4% Belarusian, 0.3% Polish, 0.1% Lithuanian and 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian as their native language.
Johnson was the Unison shop steward and her selection was not put to a vote but saw a selection by a panel made up of national, regional and local party representatives.
She held a role of creative diversity manager in the Capital of Culture bid team, representing the longest established black community in the country.
James Brown Mabon (July 16, 1865 – March 10, 1941) was an American banker who served as president of the New York Stock Exchange.
Dr. Arthur Mabon, and John Scott Mabon, Elisabeth Van Vranken Mabon, William Van Vranken Mabon, George Deas Mabon, and the Rev.
He began his career as an office boy with Brown Brothers, staying with them for many years before he formed a brokerage firm with his co-worker and close friend, William M. Kingsley, known as Kingsley, Mabon & Co., with offices at 45 Wall Street.
From May 1912 to May 1914, he served as president of the New York Stock Exchange, where he became a member in 1891.
He served on most of the important committees of the Exchange in a period of twenty-nine years, and at various times was chairman and trustee of the gratuity fund, director and president of the New York Quotation Company, and director of president of the New York Stock Exchange Safe Deposit Company.
On January 6, 1898, Mabon was married to Elise Howell Smith (1875–1961) at the Collegiate Church at West End and 77th Street in New York.
His widow, who was then living at 570 Park Avenue, died at Litchfield County Hospital in Winsted, Connecticut in May 1961.
After he earned a master's degree in history from Nantes University, he became a parmanent staff member of the Young Christian Workers (YCW) in 1991.
He was employed by a social insertion association in Saint-Nazaire to help long-term unemployed adults and RMI beneficiaries to find jobs.
In 2003, he was elected general secretary of the CFDT regional union of Pays de la Loire and joined the CFDT national office.
On June 17, 2009, he was elected to the Confederal Executive Commission, the leading body of the CFDT, where he was in charge of small business files.
He was the head of a reflection on the functioning of the CFDT, aimed at bringing the union closer to employees.
Under Berger's chairmanship, the CFDT became the largest trade union at union elections in the private sector (2017) but remained the second one at the elections in the Civil Service (2018).
On December 11th, 2018, Berger tweeted that the CFDT had become the first trade union in France, overtaking the General Confederation of Labour (CGT).
We have the choice between an authoritarian society that will be into the 'We just have to' and look for a scapegoat, and a more appeased society of dialogue and listening.
After earning her PhD Tropper was awarded a Lindemann Fellowship, and joined an engineering consultancy before moving to the Almaden Research Laboratory in San Jose, California.
She worked alongside David Hanna on the development of ytterbium-doped silica fibres, and together demonstrated their potential in λ = 1µm optical amplifiers.
In 1988 Tropper and Hanna were the first to show that ytterbium-doped silica fibres could be used as an optical gain medium, and went on to investigate the spectroscopic properties that underpin its performance.
She was one of 1,400 academics who signed a letter to The Sunday Times in support of Britain remaining in the European Union.
He was not only descended from a son of Edward I of England who had settled in Hungary, but also the grandson of Ferenc Nádasdy.
Nádasdy converted to Roman Catholicism on 25 November 1643 in order to marry countess Anna Juliana Esterházy, daughter of Nikolaus, Count Esterházy, on 6 February the following year.
After the Hungarian Diet in Pressburg decided upon the return of the County of Hornstein to the Kingdom of Hungary, Nádasdy ordered Rudolf von Stotzingen to dismiss his mercenaries.
The season will begin on 5 April 2019, and is scheduled to on 29 November with the final round in Eliteserien.
The men's tournament of Ice hockey at the 2003 Asian Winter Games at Hachinohe, Japan, was held from 2 February to 7 February 2003.
The women's tournament of Ice hockey at the 2003 Asian Winter Games at Misawa, Japan, was held from 30 January to 5 February 2003.
In 1999, Longhi was elected as a Conservative councillor in Walsall, where his grandfather had been Mayor in 1978, and became Mayor in 2017 and again in 2018.
In the 2005 general election he ran for election in Dudley South, gaining an increased vote share but losing to the Labour incumbent by around 4,000 votes.
He ran again in Dudley North in 2019 general election, gaining the seat after the incumbent, Ian Austin (independent, formerly Labour) stood down.
The 1947 Fort Valley State Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Fort Valley State College in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1947 college football season.
The 63 members of the Assembly of Representatives are elected by two methods: 41 members are elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system, whilst 22 seats are elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, with an electoral threshold of 5%.
The seat had previously been represented by Father of the House, and former Chancellor of the Exchequer Kenneth Clarke since 1970, who stood down on 27 June.
Of these, 46.8% spoke Russian, 18.8% Crimean Tatar, 11.4% Yiddish, 7.7% Ukrainian, 5.3% Greek, 3.7% Armenian, 2.5% Polish, 1.3% German, 0.6% Belarusian, 0.5% Turkish, 0.3% Latvian, 0.2% Italian, 0.2% Bulgarian, 0.2% French, 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian and 0.1% Czech as their native language.
The 51 seats in the National Assembly are elected using proportional representation in ten multi-member constituencies containing between two and seventeen seats.
The huge stage, all those artists doing their absolute best, all the songwriters and producers of Europe gathering in one place to celebrate their work while at the same time stepping into the ring – it is breathtaking and formidable.
The song will represent Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, after Vincent Bueno was internally selected by the Austrian broadcaster ORF on 12 December 2019.
On 28 January 2020, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in.
Austria was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 14 May 2020, and was scheduled to perform in the first half of the show.
Disbanded since 1977, Pavlov's Dog reformed in 1990 and recorded the album with only two original members, frontman David Surkamp and multi-instrumentalist Douglas Rayburn.
Six years after the first one, and now as a married couple, Nell Hopman and Harry Hopman claimed their second domestic title by defeating May Blick and Abel Kay 6–2, 6–0, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.
Kearns has worked in communication roles at the Ministry of Defence (MOD), Ministry of Justice (MoJ), and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO).
She organised the MOD's contribution to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum campaign, and the government's communication campaigns in Syria and Iraq for the FCO.
It is a notionally safe Conservative seat, having been represented by a member of the party since the constituency's creation in 1983.
Kearns lives in the village of Langham with her husband Jon Collins who she married in 2017, and they have a son.
She co-starred in the first four Billy West comedies, during which time she met director Arvid E. Gillstrom; the couple were married in 1917.
Laura Rose Farris (née McNair-Wilson; born 13 June 1978) is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newbury since the 2019 general election.
Farris is the daughter of Michael McNair-Wilson who was the Conservative MP for Walthamstow East from 1969 until 1974 and then MP for Newbury from 1974 until 1992.
Nikol Marián González Alarcón (born 29 March 1999) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for American college West Alabama Tigers.
The Cardinals, led by first year head coach Aqua Franklin, play their home games at the Montagne Center as members of the Southland Conference.
After losing to Abilene Christian in the Southland Conference tournament semi-final game 79-88, the Lady Cardinals were an automatic qualifier to the WNIT.
Of these, 59.0% spoke Crimean Tatar, 27.1% Russian, 5.4% Greek, 2.8% Ukrainian, 1.5% Turkish, 0.9% Armenian, 0.6% Polish, 0.4% German, 0.3% Belarusian, 0.1% French, 0.1% Estonian and 0.1% Czech as their native language.
TS Partners (Heitman Real Estate Fund III and Southwestern Bell Corporation Master Pension Trust) sold the mall for $29 million to Aronov Realty Management and NationsBank of Texas in 1998.
Towne Square Mall was again sold in December 2019 to Towne Square Mall Holdings LLC (TSM Holdings LLC) for $5.15 million.
McCarter worked as an illustrator in New York before becoming an instructor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts for forty years.
In 1887, he went to Paris where he studied with Puvis de Chavannes, Léon Bonnat and Thomas Alexander Harrison of the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts.
In 1902 he accepted a position as a watercolor teacher and the first instructor of illustration at his former school, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia.
Although he began as an illustrator, by the 1920s McCarter concentrated on watercolor and oil painting of still lifes and landscapes.
As a result of his success, he was invited to the qualifying rounds for the 2012 Summer Paralympics but failed to qualify for the final roster to London.
He earned Team USA's first 2016 Paralympic gold medal in track with a time of 17.17 seconds, beating the previous medalist Raymond Martin.
The following year, he was named to Team USAs roster for the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships, where he won a bronze medal in the men’s T52 100.
Iannotta later took home a gold medal in the men's 100m T52 wheelchair event at the 2019 World Para Athletics Grand Prix with a time of 17.19.
At these championships he won the silver medal in the men's 100 metres T52 event and he qualified to represent the United States at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
Owen is British Chinese, making her the first Labour MP of East Asian descent, and the first female MP of Chinese descent.
Owen has worked in the public sector as a care worker for the NHS, a political assistant for Brighton and Hove City Council and a London Fire Brigade employee in the emergency planning department.
At the following 2015 general election, Owen finished in second place with 17,890 votes, which was 4,796 votes behind the elected Conservative Party candidate Amber Rudd.
Owen was formerly a political officer for the trade union GMB and is currently a member of Labour's National Executive Committee.
In the 2019 general election, Owen was chosen by a panel drawn from Labour’s National Executive Committee as the party’s candidate for Luton North, rather than by the local membership, causing protests from some of them who felt that GMB had forced the candidate on them.
Owen was elected with a vote tally of 23,496, which was a majority of 9,247 votes over the Conservative Party candidate.
the 2019 Kuwait Super Cup was between league and Emir Cup champions Kuwait SC and Crown Prince Cup winners Qadsia SC.
Ian Levy is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Blyth Valley at the 2019 general election.
Prior to his election, Levy had worked as a healthcare assistant on an inpatient mental health rehabilitation ward in St Nicholas Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Charlotte Louise Nichols is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Warrington North since the 2019 general election.
Her father Ged is the general secretary of the financial services trade union Accord and was appointed as the president of the TUC in 2019.
Prior to the election, Nichols worked as a national research and policy officer for the GMB trade union and was a previous women's officer of the youth wing of the party, Young Labour.
Nichols supported Rebecca Long-Bailey in the 2020 Labour Party leadership election, but nominated Emily Thornberry to broaden the field of candidates.
The vessels were to rendezvous at Port Hardy on Durville Island on 10 January 1840; at the rendezvous they were told their final destination.
The last reported sailing in Australian Newspapers was in 1859 when she sailed for Guam from Adelaide on 1 March under Captain James Anderson.
Joachim Blichfeld (born 17 July 1998) is a Danish professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Blichfeld spent two seasons playing junior ice hockey with the Malmö Redhawks organization, and then joined the Portland Winterhawks in the Western Hockey League, and was named player of the year for that league for the 2018–19 season.
The single received heavy airplay in the UK, on BBC Radio One, the BBC Asian Network, Kiss FM and Hits Radio.
It eventually reached number 1 in the Ireland singles chart, number 2 on the UK singles charts, and number 3 in Australia.
Regard is booked to play the BBC's Top of the Pops New Year's Eve special with Jay Sean, on 30 December 2019.
The 2020 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Profissional da Primeira Divisão - Série A1 is the 119th season of São Paulo's top professional football league.
The teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss).
Skylar Paley Brandt (born January 8, 1993) is an American ballet dancer for American Ballet Theatre (ABT), one of the leading ballet companies in the United States.
After joining the ABT Studio Company in 2009, she worked through the ranks and was appointed a soloist in August 2015.
Brandt began her training at the age of six, at the Scarsdale Ballet Studio under the instruction of Diana White and Christian Claessens.
In 2004 and again in 2008, Brandt participated in the Youth America Grand Prix and was awarded a silver medal both times.
The following year she began attending the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School at ABT and was there for four years before joining the ABT Studio Company in 2009.
While at the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, Brandt was a National Training Scholar from 2006 to 2009, and in 2009 she became the recipient of the Bender Foundation scholarship.
In November 2010, Brandt joined the main company as an apprentice and by June 2011 was in the Corps de Ballet.
Roles that she has created include The Swallow in The Seasons, and The fairy canari qui chante in Ratmansky’s Sleeping Beauty.
She holds a degree in architecture from the Ecole National Supérieure de Beaux Arts and Urbanism at the Paris VII University.
The political situation in Brazil and the opposition they expressed against it led them to leave Brazil and move to France.
It won the 2014 Audience Award at the San Sebastián International Film Festival and the 2015 Audience Award at the Tromsø International Film Festival.
In 1998, Salgado and her husband created InstitutoTerra, an environmental organization that aims to promote the restoration of the Rio Doce valley.
Whitley was born in St Catherine's Hospital, Birkenhead and grew up on the Woodchurch His father and some of his brothers were in the ship building industry.
After time in the Merchant Navy, Whitley worked for Vauxhall Motors becoming a trade union organiser and later regional secretary for Unite.
Whitley was elected as the Labour MP for Birkenhead in the 2019 general election, defeating Frank Field, a former Labour politician who has served as the MP for 40 years, running as an independent under the banner of the Birkenhead Social Justice Party.
Oppong-Asare is of Ghanaian descent and studied Politics with International Relations at the University of Kent, where she also attained a Master's degree in International Law with International Relations.
From 2014 to 2018, she was a Labour Party Councillor for Erith ward on Bexley Council, serving as Deputy Leader of the opposition Labour Group from 2014 to 2016.
She has also previously served as a parliamentary assistant and constituency liaison officer, and has advised the shadow minister for Preventing Violence Against Women and Girls, Seema Malhotra.
On January 14th 2020 she was announced as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the new Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Luke Pollard.
Her father died when she was six due to a shortage of organ donors, an event which she has identified as being formative of her political views.
Owatemi was selected for a Parliamentary internship by the Social Mobility Foundation, and gained experience working in the Westminster office of a senior government minister.
Much of the original housing was demolished in the late 1960s and early 1970s for the construction of modern housing estates.
Mishra later became an industrial organiser for Unison, in which time he helped to organise care workers in precarious employment across Greater Manchester.
He served as a member of the Labour Party's National Executive Committee, its highest decision-making body, from September 2018 until December 2019.
As he was elected as one of the nine representatives for Constituency Labour Parties, Mishra was automatically ineligible to remain a member of the NEC upon his election as a Member of Parliament.
The Monastic Republic of Mount Athos () is a region of northern Greece around the Mount Athos peninsula, in Chalkidiki, enjoying a status of autonomy comparable to the peripheries (Greek administrative regions).
The twenty monasteries are stavropegic, that is to say exempt: they escape the authority of the local bishop and are placed directly under the sole episcopal responsibility of the Ecumenical Patriarch.
Since 1990, the Monastic Republic of Mount Athos has experienced a spiritual renewal thanks to a regular influx of young people, often graduates and from the former Soviet bloc, which dramatically increased the number of monks and novices.
Initially, eleven monasteries followed the same rule of Saint Sabbas, common to Eastern Orthodox monasticism (cenobitic monasteries); in nine others the monks each formulated and followed their own rules (idiorrythmic monasteries).
The territory of the Monastic Republic is contiguous to the Greek municipality of Stagira-Akanthos, from which it is separated by a fence of about nine kilometers long.
The small village of Karyes is the administrative center and the seat of the synod: there, there are lay people in the service of the Republic.
The monasteries of Mount Athos have a history of opposing ecumenism, or movements towards reconciliation between the Orthodox Church of Constantinople and the Roman Catholic Church.
The Esphigmenou monastery is particularly outspoken in this respect, having raised black flags to protest against the meeting of Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople and Pope Paul VI in 1972.
The conflict escalated in 2002 with Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople declaring the monks of Esphigmenou an illegal brotherhood and ordering their eviction; the monks refused to be evicted, and the Patriarch ordered a new brotherhood to replace them.
After reaching a low point of just 1,145 mainly elderly monks in 1971, the monasteries have been undergoing a steady and sustained renewal.
By the year 2000, the monastic population had reached 1,610, with all 20 monasteries and their associated sketes receiving an infusion of mainly young well-educated monks.
Many younger monks possess university education and advanced skills that allow them to work on the cataloging and restoration of the Mountain's vast repository of manuscripts, vestments, icons, liturgical objects and other works of art, most of which remain unknown to the public because of their sheer volume.
Projected to take several decades to complete, this restorative and archival work is well under way, funded by UNESCO and the EU, and aided by many academic institutions.
The Greek government denied entry to Russian clerics headed for the monastery, and the media reported allegations that the Russian government used the mountain as a base for intelligence operations.
Relations were worsened in October after the Russian Orthodox Church banned its adherents from visiting sites controlled by Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, which includes Mount Athos.
The status of the Holy Mountain and the jurisdiction of the Agiorite institutions were expressly described and ratified upon admission of Greece to the European Union (then the European Community).
Civil authorities are represented by the , appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whose main duty is to supervise the function of the institutions and the public order.
In each of the 20 monasteries – which today all follow again the coenobitic system – the administration is in the hands of the Abbot (Ηγούμενος – Hēgoumenos) who is elected by the brotherhood for life.
Visits to the peninsula are possible for laymen, but they need a special permit known as a (), similar to a visa.
The self-governed region of the Holy Mountain, according to the Decree passed by the Holy Community on 3 October 1913 and according to the international treaties of London (1913), Bucharest (1913), Neuilly (1919), Sèvres (1920) and Lausanne (1923), is considered part of the Greek state.
Political instability in Greece during the mid-20th century that affected Mount Athos included Nazi occupation from the Easter season of 1941 through late 1944, followed immediately by the Greek Civil War in a struggle where Communist efforts failed.
After the Nazi takeover of Greece, the Epistassia, Athos's four-member executive committee, formally asked Adolf Hitler to place the Autonomous Monastic State under his personal protection, and Hitler agreed.
Monks feel that the presence of women alters the social dynamics of the community and therefore slows their path towards spiritual enlightenment.
In the 14th century, Serbian Emperor Dušan the Mighty brought his wife, Helena of Bulgaria, to Mount Athos to protect her from the plague, but she did not touch the ground during her entire visit, as she was carried in a hand carriage all the time.
There was an incident in the 1930s regarding Aliki Diplarakou, the first Greek beauty pageant contestant to win the Miss Europe title, who made headlines when she dressed up as a man and snuck into Mount Athos.
In 1953, Cora Miller, an American Fulbright Program teacher from Athens, Ohio, landed briefly along with two other women, stirring up a controversy among the local monks.
On 26 May 2008, five Moldovans illegally entered Greece by way of Turkey, ending up on Athos; four of the migrants were women.
As part of an EU member state, Mount Athos is part of the European Union and, for the most part, subject to EU law.
The monks strongly objected to Greece joining the Schengen Area based on fears that the EU would be able to end the centuries-old prohibition on the admittance of women.
The monks were also concerned that the agreement could affect their traditional right to offer sanctuary to people from Orthodox countries such as Russia.
Such monks do nowadays need a Greek visa and permission to stay, even if that is given generously by the Greek ministry, based on requests from Athos.
Greek is commonly used in all the Greek monasteries, but in some monasteries there are other languages in use: in Agiou Panteleimonos, Russian (67 monks in 2011); in Helandariou Monastery, Serbian (58); in Zographou Monastery and Skiti Bogoroditsa, Bulgarian (32); and in the sketes of Timiou Prodromou and Lakkoskiti, Romanian (64).
Today the 20 monasteries of Mount Athos are the dominant holy institutions for both spiritual and administrative purposes, consolidated by the Constitutional Chart of the Holy Mountain.
A pilgrim/visitor to a monastery, who is accommodated in the guest-house (αρχονταρίκι) can have a taste of the monastic life in it by following its daily schedule: praying (services in church or in private), common dining, working (according to the duties of each monk) and rest.
A cell is a house with a small church, where 1–3 monks live under the spiritual and administrative supervision of a monastery.
Some of the cells resemble tidy farmhouses, others are poor huts, others have the gentility of Byzantine tradition or of Russian architecture of the past century.
For the pilgrim/visitor it is worth experiencing this side of monastic life as well, but most of the cells have very limited or no capacity for hospitality.
In some of them, there are many living together, in others a few and in some there are brothers who live alone.
Later on, some cells came to attract many monks, expanded their buildings and started functioning in the coenobitic way of the monasteries.
The first ones, both in architecture and lifestyle, follow the typical model of a monastery, that of a community living together, sharing and distributing work, and praying together daily.
In contrast, the idiorrhythmic community (intermediary between the coenobitic community and the seclusion of a hermit) resembles a hamlet, and the daily life there is much like that of a cell.
The Athonite monasteries possess huge deposits of invaluable medieval art treasures, including icons, liturgical vestments and objects (crosses, chalices), codices and other Christian texts, imperial chrysobulls, holy relics etc.
Until recently no organized study and archiving had been carried out, but an EU-funded effort to catalogue, protect and restore them is underway since the late 1980s.
The Julian calendar, which currently has a difference of 13 days from the Gregorian calendar, is still used on Mount Athos.
In 1923, as a means to eliminate the divergence existing between the religious and civil dates, after a synod in Constantinople, part of the Eastern Orthodox Churches dropped 13 days and adopted the Revised Julian calendar, which is synchronised with the Gregorian calendar, at least until 2800.
Although under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the spiritual head of the monastic state, nearly all the monasteries of Athos refused to follow the revised calendar and finally, for the sake of uniformity, the patriarch asked the single monastery that used the revised calendar to revert to the Julian.
Also in use is Byzantine time, in which the day commences at sunset as does the liturgical day and not at midnight as in the reckoning of civil time, and the difference between the two varies according to the season of the year.
Because the time interval from sundown to sundown is not constant, clocks showing the Byzantine time require continual manual readjusting which in current practice is done weekly, on Saturday, if the sky is clear; where the summit of Athos is visible, 12:00 is set when the last rays of sunlight cease to shine on the tip.
Some monasteries also have a clock showing civil time since boat schedules run thereon (and on the civil calendar) as well as for pilgrims who may be disoriented by Byzantine time reckoning.
A skete is a community of Christian hermits following a monastic rule, allowing them to worship in comparative solitude, while also affording them a level of mutual practical support and security.
An idiorrhythmic skete follows the style of a small village: it has a common area of worship (a church), with individual hermitages or small houses around it, each one for a small number of occupants.
The Friends of Mount Athos (FoMA) is a society formed in 1990 by people who shared a common interest for the monasteries of Mount Athos, and a registered charity in the U.K. (Registered Charity No.
Among its members are Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Charles, Prince of Wales, Heir Apparent to the British throne, who is the royal patron of the society.
To that end, the society works to advance education by studying and providing information on the history, culture, arts, architecture, natural history, and literature of Mount Athos.
The society also supports and promotes the religious and other charitable work of the monasteries and their dependencies as well as other religious communities with links to the Holy Mountain.
Appeals may be launched from time to time if funds are needed for specific purposes, but the assistance mainly takes the form of expertise, liaison, or equipment needed by the monks.
As a service to the monasteries and to pilgrims, the society clears and maintains the ancient footpaths of Mount Athos, many of the stone-paved (Kalderimi) paths dating back to the Byzantine era.
It also provides on its website detailed footpath descriptions with GPS tracks, and a regularly updated report on the condition of the paths.
FoMA member and cartographer, Peter Howorth of Christchurch, New Zealand, working with the society's footpath team, has recently published a new Pilgrim Map which incorporates modern mapping technology with study of early maps of Mount Athos.
Tiny black sea cucumbers are found in the North Pacific Ocean from Hokkaido, Japan to the Russian Far East, the Commander Islands, the Aleutians, and south along the North American coast to Haida Gwaii in British Columbia.
The skin of the females in contact with the egg mass is highly vascularized, suggesting that the adult provides nutrients to the developing young.
Detailed examination of the bony plates in the skin, the ossicles, suggests a gradual change over the geographic range of the two species, rather than a sharp difference at the boundary between the two.
Baykuş made his professional debut for Trabznnspor in a 3-1 UEFA Europa League loss to FC Basel on 12 December 2019.
He studied at Tonbridge school, Cranfield University and worked as a barrister and later became the managing director of the Go Ape adventure park company.
He was elected to Parliament in the 2019 general election, after the former MP, Keith Simpson, chose not to stand for reelection.
Lise, a woman from the Colonial era who was burned at the stake for the crime of witchcraft, is reincarnated and seeks vengeance upon the descendants of those who killed her.
Having focused solely on Mycroft in the first novel, Abdul-Jabbar and Waterhouse were curious about the relationship between Mycroft and his brother and recognized that the sequel would need the introduction of Sherlock.
Amy Callaghan (born 1991 or 1992) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who was elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the 2019 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for East Dunbartonshire.
She unseated the then Liberal Democrat leader, Jo Swinson with a narrow majority of 149 votes or 0.3%, overturning her majority of 5,339 votes two years earlier.
The 2020 OKC Energy FC season is the club's seventh season of existence, and their seventh consecutive season in the USL Championship, the second tier of American soccer.
The season covers the period from October 19, 2019 to the beginning of the 2021 USLC season.The 2020 season was the first for OKC under new head coach John Pascarella, who had previously been the assistant coach at Minnesota United FC.
Pascarella became just the third head coach in club history; Steve Cooke had been in charge for the previous two seasons.
He is the head football coach at Missouri Valley College in Marshall, Missouri, a position he had held since the 2002 season.
Troth was subsequently an assistant coach under Wallace at University of St. Thomas in Minnesota and Lambuth University in Jackson, Tennessee.
Courtney Johnston is a New Zealand museum professional, a national radio correspondent, and the chief executive of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
Johnston grew up on dairy farm in Taranaki, later moving to Wellington to study and work as a visitor host at Te Papa.
Johnston has lived and worked in Wellington with roles at a variety of galleries and cultural institutions, including the Adam Art Gallery, City Gallery Wellington, and from 2012–2018 was the director of the Dowse Art Museum after roles at the National Library of New Zealand and Boost New Media where she worked in communications and web roles.
Johnston is also a board member of Arts Wellington and the Wellington Performing Arts Trust and the immediate past chair of the umbrella group Museums Aotearoa.
Johnston was the 2015 recipient of a Winston Churchill Memorial Trust travel grant for researching contemporary museum practices in the U.S.
Snyder earned her Bachelor of Science at the State University of New York at Geneseo in 1977, followed by her Master of Education at Millersville University of Pennsylvania.
Snyder completed her pre-doctoral fellowship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill before joining the faculty at Louisiana State University (LSU) in 1984.
In 2007, Snyder was encouraged to leave Vanderbilt by David Lawrence, who appointed her the David Lawrence Jr. Endowed Chair in Early Childhood Studies at the University of Florida (UF).
Upon her arrival at UF, Snyder began working towards founding the Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, which eventually opened in 2010.
As a result of founding the Center, Snyder was the recipient of the Mary McEvoy Service to the Field Award from the international Division for Early Childhood.
While serving as director, Snyder, Brian Reichow, and Cinda Clark earned a contract with the Florida Early Steps program to evaluate and develop better professional development practices.
A few years later, Snyder was named an affiliate faculty member of the College of Medicine’s Institute for Child Health Policy.
On June 27, 2019, Snyder became the seventh College of Education professor to be appointed a Distinguished Professor in UF's history.
Lee Anderson is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashfield since 2019.
Anderson, a former coal miner, was a long-time Labour Party member and served as a councillor in the Huthwaite and Brierly ward of Ashfield where he was elected in 2015.
Anderson also worked as office manager for the Ashfield Labour MP at the time, Gloria De Piero, having campaigned alongside her in the 2015 and 2017 UK General Elections.
Unlike the majority of the Ashfield Labour Party, Anderson was a vocal Brexiteer having supported the Vote Leave campaign in the 2016 EU Referendum.
He defected to the Conservatives in March 2018, later being elected as the Conservative councillor for the Oakham ward in Mansfield, a neighbouring district, following the May 2019 local elections.
He was elected as a Conservative MP in the 2019 General Election, succeeding his former boss, Gloria De Piero, who stood down before the election.
Anderson won with a majority of 5,733 votes, with the Ashfield Independent Party candidate, Jason Zadrozny coming in second place and Labour dropping to third place.
During the election he made controversial statements where in the wake of a murder on Carsic council estate, he suggested nuisance tenants should live in tents and pick Potatoes.
He was also caught setting up a staged door-knock encounter with a friend whilst being filmed by Michael Crick, which he later apologised for.
The investigation was opened on the grounds that he was an active member of a Facebook group in which other members supported Tommy Robinson and promoted George Soros conspiracy theories.
From July 2019 he has been the Prime Minister's Chief Business Adviser and during the General Election campaign received the endorsement of the retiring MP Nick Herbert.
By 2008, he rose to become Sky's Chief Financial Officer, joining the Board of Directors, and at the time of his appointment was the youngest Financial Director in the FTSE 100.
In March 2016, Mr Griffith took on an enlarged commercial and operational role as Group Chief Operating Officer helping to grow the business to over 25 million customers, 39,000 employees and operating across seven different countries.
In April 2014, Mr Griffith joined the board of Just Eat as a senior non-executive director, a post which he held in combination with his full-time role at Sky.
However in 2017 Just Eat was hit by the double challenge of losing its non executive Chairman to poor health and its CEO stepping down all within three months and then the Competition and Markets Authority reviewing JustEat's acquisition of competitor Hungry House.
For his role in steadying the company through this period of turbulence and acting as interim Chairman of the Board, Mr Griffith was named the Sunday Times' Non-Executive Director of the year in 2018.
Until appointed an adviser to Boris Johnson’s government in 10 Downing Street, Mr Griffith was Chairman of the Advisory Board at the Centre for Policy Studies, a think tank and pressure group whose mission is to promote coherent and practical policies based on its founding principles of: free markets, small state, low tax, national independence, self determination and responsibility.
Raised in Lenzie and a product of the club's youth system, Robertson made his senior debut aged 18 in a 2019–20 UEFA Europa League group stage fixture against CFR Cluj on 12 December 2019; with Celtic's final position at the head of the table already confirmed, a below-strength team lost 2–0.
He had already featured for Celtic's under-21 team in the 2018–19 and 2019–20 editions of the Scottish Challenge Cup, scoring in a defeat to Falkirk, and in July 2019, a few days before he turned 18, signed a contract running until summer 2021.
For the technical challenge, Sherry assigned an angel food cake, which the bakers had two and a half hours to complete.
For the showstopper, the bakers had three and a half hours to make a chocolate gateau with three layers and chocolate icing.
For the technical challenge, set by Paul, the bakers had two and a half hours to make a traditional cob loaf.
The signature challenge was to bake a dozen cinnamon rolls in two and a half hours, including an icing or drizzle.
For the showstopper, the bakers had four and a half hours to make a cheesecake tower of at least three tiers, with two of the same flavor and one different.
Of these, 44.4% spoke Crimean Tatar, 30.2% Russian, 7.1% Ukrainian, 6.5% Yiddish, 4.1% German, 2.1% Armenian, 1.7% Greek, 1.2% Polish, 1.0% Bulgarian, 0.4% Estonian, 0.4% Belarusian, 0.2% Czech, 0.1% Turkish, 0.1% Romani, 0.1% French and 0.1% Moldovan or Romanian as their native language.
He was elected in the 2019 general election, defeating the incumbent MP, Anna Soubry, a former Conservative who stood for The Independent Group for Change.
At the time of his election to parliament, Henry was a member of Wiltshire Council, to which he had been elected in May 2017.
As a Tory candidate for the 2019 general election, he prompted anger by suggesting that people using food banks struggle with managing their budget.
He was educated at Eton, has a history degree from the University of Edinburgh, and a doctorate in history from the University of Oxford.
He is the co-founder (in 2006, alongside his wife) and former chief executive of Only Connect UK, a charity which supports prisoners and ex-offenders in London.
Kalafat made his professional debut with Beşiktaş in a 4–0 UEFA Europa League loss to Wolverhampton Wanderers on 12 December 2019.
Mark Ian Jenkinson is a British politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Workington since 2019, replacing Sue Hayman of the Labour Party.
Jenkinson was a founding member of UKIP's West Cumbria branch, but quit in 2016, citing disagreements about the party's approach to the EU referendum and concerns over internal democracy.
He was an excellent UKIP candidate in 2015.” Jenkinson's win marks the first time since the 1970s that Workington has been represented by a Conservative MP.
Emmett Riley (born May 6, 1969) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 46th district since 2013.
Jeffrey Alan Smith II (born April 21, 1997) is an American football wide receiver for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL).
Smith grew up in St. Petersburg, Florida and attended Clearwater Central Catholic High School, where he was the Marauders starting quarterback.
As a true freshman, he started the final three games of the season at quarterback following an injury to starter Darius Wade.
He completed 27 of 82 passes for 253 yards with two touchdowns and three interceptions while rushing for 454 yards and 6 touchdowns in five total games played.
He moved to wide receiver before his sophomore year and finished the season with 27 receptions for 395 yards and 3 touchdowns while also rushing for 199 yards and a touchdown.
As a junior, Smith caught 25 passes for 296 yards while rushing for 107 yards and a touchdown and also throwing for two touchdowns on trick plays.
Smith had 20 catches for 387 yards and six touchdowns, rushed for 142 yards and a touchdown, and passed for 67 yards and a touchdown in his senior season.
He finished his collegiate career with 73 receptions for 1,116 yards and 10 touchdowns, 906 rushing yards and nine touchdowns on 143 carries, and completed 34 passes for 404 yards, six touchdowns and three interceptions.
He was cut at the end of training camp during final roster cuts, but was re-signed by the Jets to their practice squad on September 1, 2019.
Peter Alexander Gibson is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Darlington since the 2019 general election.
Prior to being elected as an MP, he worked as a solicitor specialising in personal injury litigation, and was the Managing Director of Coles Solicitors from 2006 to 2019.
The 2019–20 Cincinnati Bearcats women's basketball team will represent the University of Cincinnati during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.
They received an automatic bid Women's National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Youngstown State, Minnesota, Butler in the first, second and third rounds before losing to TCU in the quarterfinals.
Illaria Obidenna Ladré (November 26, 1906 – May 24, 1998) was a Russian ballet dancer in the Diaghilev Ballets Russes and later, between 1932 and 1946, for the troupe run by Colonel Wassily de Basil.
During her career, she was known as Lara Obidenna (occasionally spelled Obydennaya), though after ending her performance career, she began using her married name, Illaria Ladré.
After the revolution, she began her training in the Imperial Theatre School also known as the Maryinsky School, where she was part of Agrippina Vaganova’s first class.
She married Marian Ladré, a fellow ballet dancer in 1926, becoming Illaria Ladré, though she kept her stage name, Lara Obidenna, during her career.
Obidenna danced with the company until Diaghilev’s death in 1929, at which point, she, her husband, and a few others persuaded René Blum and Colonel Wassily de Basil to start the Ballet Russe.
When there became a rift between the two and they went their separate ways, Obidenna stayed with Colonel de Basil and his Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, which went through a few company name changes after they lost the rights to the name including Ballets Russes du Colonel W. de Basil (De Monte Carlo) and the Original Ballet Russe, among others.
She danced with them from the establishment of the company in 1932 until 1946, though she did continue performing through 1947.
As one of the more experienced dancers, she would teach the symphonic ballets to younger dancers and generally oversaw classes and rehearsals, especially when necessary during tours.
The company went to New York on tour in 1934 and was scheduled to return to the United States after the summer of 1936.
Obidenna and her husband were in the main company, which proceeded to have a London season in Covent Garden before finally joining the rest of the company in Australia for their second and third tours as the Covent Garden Russian Ballet and the Original Ballet Russe respectively.
On the whole, de Basil's company maintained a repertory of over 100 ballets, had 40 world premiers, and appeared in 26 operas.
Then, in 1948, she and her husband moved to Seattle, where they opened the Ballet Academy and taught for the rest of their lives.
Paul Bristow (born 28 March 1979) is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Peterborough since the 2019 general election.
Bristow stood for the seat of Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland in the 2010 general election, coming 2nd place with 35.6% of the vote.
In 2019, he stood for the seat of Peterborough, winning it from incumbent Lisa Forbes who won the seat in the 2019 by-election after the former MP Fiona Onasanya was recalled by her constituents.
The 1917 Macquarie state by-election was held for the New South Wales state electoral district of Macquarie on 28 July 1917.
The by-election was triggered by the death of Australian Labor Party MP Thomas Thrower, who had died only three months after being re-elected at the 1917 state election.
Labor preselected as their candidate Patrick McGirr, a member of the Parkes Land Board and the brother of Greg McGirr, the state member for Yass.
McGirr was selected overwhelmingly from a broad field that included Iron Trades Federation secretary E. M. Davies, Amalgamated Railway and Tramway Association assistant secretary R. Corish, radical Sydney Wharf Laborers' Union president William McCristal and unsuccessful federal or state election candidates T. Lavelle, I.
The preselection process for the new conservative Nationalist Party was somewhat chaotic, with different meetings of local interests and organisations that had come together to form the new party recommending different candidates to the state executive.
The eventual executive decision largely came down to two candidates: Wellington miller Murdoch McLeod and Dubbo businessman H. T. Blackett, but also saw some support for former federal MP Ernest Carr, who had lost his seat at that year's election, with McLeod ultimately endorsed as the candidate.
Foster had been a Labor MP until losing his seat in 1913 and had left the party in the 1916 Labor split, but had not joined the Nationalist Party and had instead sought to form his own party taking a middle position between the two parties.
McGirr won the by-election, finishing 239 votes ahead of McLeod with Foster a distant third, an increase on the Labor majority from the general election.
Orienteering at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics in Samsun, Turkey took place at five venues: Tekkekoy, City center, Bayraktepe, Kocadag, Kabadüz and Yenikoy.
Fleur Anderson is a British Labour Party politician and development advocate who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Putney since 2019.
She worked for Christian Aid from 1994 to 1997, taking on roles as a campaign assistant in London, working in Serbia during the war and as Head of Country Office in Bosnia in the aftermath of the Bosnian War.
From 1997-1999 she was Head of World Action for the Methodist youth organisation MAYC, leading campaigns on bullying, Burma and International Debt cancellation.
During her time as a freelance consultant in Kenya from 2007 to 2010, she worked on several successful campaigns on water and urban nutrition, working with organisations such as End Water Poverty and Oxfam, as well as helping to establish grassroots organisations such as the Shalom Centre for Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation.
She was the Labour Spokesperson for Community Services and the Environment from 2015 to 2018 and the Deputy Leader of Wandsworth Labour Group from 2016 to 2018.
She co-founded Wandsworth Welcomes Refugees and was the Head of Community Services for the Katherine Low Settlement, a community centre in Battersea from 2016 to 2020.
Locally, she campaigned for the 20mph speed limit, against the closure of childrens' centres, and against cutting the Autism Advisory Service.
Anderson made her maiden speech on 9 January 2020: She backed Keir Starmer and Rosena Allin-Khan in the 2020 Labour leadership and deputy leadership elections.
Dave Heine (born January 16, 1957) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 85th district since 2016.
Sarah Elizabeth Atherton is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wrexham since the 2019 general election.
In addition, she was the first female elected to represent the constituency and the first female Conservative elected to Westminster representing a Welsh constituency.
After leaving her local comprehensive school at 16, Atherton joined the army serving in the Intelligence Corps before becoming a nurse, training at Bangor University.
Julie Marson is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertford and Stortford in the 2019 general election.
James Nelson Grundy is a British politician, who has been the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Leigh since 2019 and the Councillor for Lowton East since 2008.
The console is one of the planned fourth-generation family of Xbox hardware, succeeding the current Xbox One line, and expected to have improved hardware for higher display resolutions and framerate and reduced loading times.
Microsoft plans to have this be a soft transition to its next generation of hardware; the Xbox Series X is expected to be is fully compatible with all games, controllers, and accessories that are currently supported by Xbox One, including selected Xbox 360 and original Xbox games already backwards compatible on the Xbox 360.
Further, Microsoft's internal Xbox Game Studios does not plan to immediately produce titles exclusive for the Xbox Series X, but instead will produce titles that are compatible on both the Xbox One and Xbox Series X, with certain titles having enhanced features on the new console.
Microsoft said they wanted a soft transition from Xbox One to Scarlett, with Scarlett supporting backwards compatibility with all games and most hardware supported on the Xbox One.
Microsoft formally unveiled the console as Xbox Series X during The Game Awards 2019, as well as its final design and a late-2020 release date.
Prior to the E3 reveal, it had been speculated that Microsoft was also developing a second, lower-end console to accompany what was unveiled as Scarlett.
It is approximately wide and deep, and tall; while configured in this vertical orientation, the unit can also be used on its side.
Xbox head Phil Spencer said that the Xbox Series X was as quiet as the Xbox One X. Microsoft stated that the console CPU will be four times as powerful as Xbox One X; it features AMD's Zen 2 CPU architecture and RDNA graphics architecture, a custom-designed solid state drive, GDDR6 SDRAM, and support for real-time ray-tracing, up to 120 frames per second rendering, and 8K resolution.
Spencer has said that with the fourth generation of Xbox, the company is putting smooth frame rates and faster loading as a priority over higher resolutions, which the Series X achieves by better-matched capabilities of the CPU and GPU hardware, whereas previous Xbox had had underpowered CPUs to be able to achieve this.
Microsoft has stated that the Xbox Series X will support all games playable on the Xbox One, including those Xbox 360 and original Xbox titles currently supported through backwards compatibility on the Xbox One, thus allowing the console to support four generations of games.
To achieve this, Microsoft announced they would no longer be bringing any additional Xbox 360 or original Xbox games into the Xbox One backwards compatibility program in June 2019.
The backwards compatibility is planned as a launch feature, and Spencer said in December 2019 that he himself had been helping to test such titles for this.
Developers may release games compatible exclusively with Xbox Series X; in January 2020, Xbox Game Studios head Matt Booty stated that they had no immediate plans to make games exclusive to Series X, explaining that they planned to take an approach similar to PC gaming, scaling quality and fidelity based on the console's available capabilities.
Cherilyn Mackrory (' Williams, born 1976) is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Truro and Falmouth at the 2019 general election.
In November 2019, upon the confirmation of a general election by Parliament, Mackory was selected to stand for the Conservative Party for the constituency of Truro and Falmouth.
In December, Mackrory was then elected as the Member of Parliament with a majority of 4,561 and a 46% share of the vote.
His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Microman's debut on April 30, 2017 also marked the debut of the CMLL Micro-Estrellas division, with Microman being one for of the featured performers in the group of little people.
During his initial training CMLL wanted him to work as a mascota, but he insisted that he wanted to wrestle despite his diminutive stature ().
Growing up he was a big fan of Mascarita Dorada, who, unlike his father, was an active professional wrestler despite of his dwarfism.
When he was old enough to start training Microman asked his father for permission to train to be a wrestler, which in turn led KeMonito to ask his longtime friend Último Guerrero, head trainer at CMLL's wrestling school, to train his son.
While most matches in CMLL were best-two-out-of-three falls matches, the early Micro-Estrella matches were one fall, but later moved to the traditional two-out-of-three falls format.
Microman and the Micro-Estrellas would appear on various CMLL shows, as well as make special appearances on the Mexican independent circuit, such as The Crash Lucha Libre, Promociones El Cholo, or Desastre Total Ultraviolento.
In the months following the anniversary Microman and Chamuel began a long running storyline feud, which often saw Chamuel either tear Microman's mask open or steal it during a match.
The Microman/Chamuel feud led to the first one-on-one match in the Micro division on August 30, 2019 as part of CMLL's International Gran Prix.
The match ended in a disqualification as Chamuel was disqualified for throwing his mask to Microman in an attempt to fool the referee.
After some years, a grown up Kala (Vijaya Chowdhury) falls in love with Shyam (Suresh), the son of Ramesh's business partner Bholanath (Asit Sen) who belongs to a different caste.
David Michael Doogan (born 4 March 1973) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Angus in the 2019 United Kingdom general election, after defeating incumbent Conservative candidate Kirstene Hair.
A former aircraft engineer with the Ministry of Defence, Doogan left his successful career in the civil service in 2007 to pursue a career in politics.
Doogan was elected to Perth and Kinross Council as a councillor for Perth City North in 2012, with the largest share of first preference votes in that ward.
Upon election, Doogan became Convenor of Housing and Health, having responsibility for council housing, social care, and a seat on the board of NHS Tayside.
At the election he became the leader of the SNP group on Perth and Kinross Council, and as such Leader of the Opposition.
After his election to Parliament in December 2019 Doogan announced his intention to stand down as a councillor in 2020, with the timing of his resignation subject to the Chief Executive of PKC scheduling a by election.
Doogan was elected as the MP for Angus on the 12th of December 2019 after defeating the incumbent Conservative MP Kirstene Hair, and was sworn into Parliament on the 18th of December.
The women's singles competition of the table tennis events at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held from 8 to 10 December at the Subic Bay Exhibition & Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines.
Jane Fiona Katherine Stevenson is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wolverhampton North East at the 2019 general election, when she defeated the incumbent Labour MP Emma Reynolds, who had represented the constituency since the 2010 general election.
Virginia Crosbie is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the member of Parliament (MP) for Ynys Môn since the 2019 general election.
Crosbie was born in Maldon, Essex, and grew up in the village of Tiptree, where her mother worked at the Tiptree Jam Factory.
She studied microbiology at Queen Mary University of London before completing a diploma in management studies at the University of Westminster.
She then became the deputy chair of the Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham Conservatives Association, and the director of Women2Win, an organisation which campaigns for more female Conservative parliamentarians.
Crosbie was chosen after the former Brecon and Radnorshire MP Chris Davies, the previously selected candidate, withdrew the day before due to opposition by the local association, and other Welsh Conservatives.
Xie Daoxin (; born January 1963) is a Chinese plant physiologist and the current director of MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University.
From 1999 to 2002 he was an adjunct assistant professor at the National University of Singapore and senior scientist, principal investigator and head of Plant Signal Transduction Laboratory.
Dehenna Sheridan Davison (; born 27 July 1993) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bishop Auckland since the 2019 general election.
Dehenna Sheridan Davison was born into a working-class family on 27 July 1993 in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England where she also grew up.
During her time at the university, she spent a year working as a parliamentary aide for Jacob Rees-Mogg, the Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Somerset.
In her late teens and early twenties, she had a variety of jobs including in a video games retailer, a casino, a betting shop, and a branch of Pizza Hut.
She was elected as MP for the Bishop Auckland constituency in the 2019 general election, with a majority of 7,962 (17.8%) on a swing of 9.5% from Labour to the Conservatives.
Prior to becoming an MP, Davison was a research and development analyst for LUMO, a company which advises businesses on tax credits.
Munira Hassam Wilson () (born 1978) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Twickenham at the 2019 general election.
She then went on to study at St Catharine's College, Cambridge from 1996 to 2000, where she graduated with a degree in Modern Languages (French and German), including a year abroad as an English assistant in two secondary schools in southern France.
She then switched to working for the Liberal Democrats, becoming the campaigns organiser for Sue Doughty and the Guildford Liberal Democrats in 2004-5, ahead of Doughty losing her Guildford seat at the 2005 general election.
She subsequently went on to spend over a decade as a lobbyist, until her election to Parliament in 2019, firstly for Save the Children (2006-8), then for Beating Bowel Cancer (2008-9), and Novartis (2009-15), where she rose to become head of government affairs - pharmaceuticals.
She then entered the public sector as a strategic account manager at NHS Digital from 2015-6, before returning to lobbying in 2016-9 as corporate affairs director, UK & Ireland for the German science and technology company Merck KGaA Darmstadt.
She was selected in 2019 to replace Sir Vince Cable as the Liberal Democrat candidate in his Twickenham constituency, and went on to hold the seat with an increased majority at the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
She won the seat with 36,166 votes (56.1% of the total votes cast), giving her a majority of 14,121 over her Conservative opponent.
Wilson has opposed plans for a third runway at Heathrow Airport, and has worked to improve rail services in South West London.
She was given two Liberal Democrat spokesperson roles by acting leader Ed Davey in January 2020, taking on the Transport brief, as well as Health, Wellbeing and Social Care.
Tom Cox is an American politician who currently serves in the Kansas House of Representatives representing the 17th District in Johnson County, Kansas.
He is a graduate of the University of Kansas and has worked in business in Kansas and in San Diego, California.
He is running for the Kansas Senate in the 10th District, challenging Sen. Mary Pilcher-Cook in the August 2020 Republican primary.
This is a list of MPs who lost their seat at the 2019 United Kingdom general election, together with the last date when each seat was represented by a different party.
The 1947 Louisville Municipal Bantams football team was an American football team that represented Louisville Municipal College (now known as Simmons College of Kentucky) in the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1947 college football season.
Jacob Young (born 2 February 1993) is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Redcar in the 2019 general election.
He then trained as an apprentice technician and worked as a process operator for Chemoxy International Ltd. Young later became a lead technician for a petrochemicals company.
In February 2019, he announced that he would be standing down from his council seat as he no longer lived in the town, and had moved to Saltburn-by-the-Sea.
In May, he stood as a candidate for one of the three council seats for Saltburn ward on the Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council.
Young went on to be elected with a majority of 3,527 (8.7%) on a swing of 15.4% from Labour to the Conservatives.
The Lanarkshire Junior Football League was a football league competition operated in Lanarkshire under the Scottish Junior Football Association which operated from 1891, being the oldest-running regional competition of its kind until a merger in 1968.
The league was formed in 1891, at which point six of the ten finalists in the 5-year history of the Scottish Junior Cup had been from Lanarkshire (not counting those in the city of Glasgow under its boundaries of the time) indicating a strong presence at Junior level, with teams forming in many towns and villages involved in the thriving coal mining and steelworking industries.
However, by 1895 a rival Glasgow Junior Football League was formed, and that quickly became a superior competition due to the abundance of players, higher attendances and lower costs associated with travelling.
The proximity of the big city also caused problems for the Lanarkshire league organisers, with the clubs based in their territory consistently seeking to join the GJL, while the short distances involved made it feasible to do so whenever they were considered a useful addition.
Some Lanarkshire clubs also switched between their local league and the Scottish Junior Football League, which had no specific territory but also existed in the shadow of the Glasgow-based league until it folded in the 1940s.
Unlike the GJL and the Western Junior Football League (the equivalent based in Ayrshire), the Lanarkshire league was not involved in the Intermediate dispute relating to compensation payments due to clubs joining Scottish Football League teams, although several of its members defected to the rebel group, some never returning; during those clubs' four-year absence from the Scottish Junior Cup, Lanarkshire's Burnbank Athletic reached the final twice.
Unlike most of Junior football, the Lanarkshire league went into abeyance for five years during World War II, with clubs playing in the 'Lanark & Lothians Junior League' during the conflict.
In 1968 the Junior football system across Scotland was reorganised, with Lanarkshire's league (which now only had ten member clubs due to defections, and several clubs folding as traditional industries declined and entire communities dispersed) merging into the Central setup.
Mohammad Saqib Bhatti MBE MP is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Meriden since the 2019 general election.
At the age of 23, she was the youngest MP elected in the general election and therefore became the Baby of the House.
She was formerly a member of the Labour Party, who left the party in protest at the amendment of Clause IV of the constitution in 1995.
She has commented in interviews that she first got involved in politics in 2013 due to the effects of the bedroom tax and austerity on her local community.
Whittome worked as a parliamentary intern in the constituency office of then-MP for North West Durham Pat Glass, Shadow Minister of State for Europe, during the 2016 European Union referendum campaign.
While studying there, she contested the 2017 Nottinghamshire County Council election as the Labour candidate for the West Bridgford West ward, where she finished second to the Conservative candidate with 1,393 votes.
Whittome later dropped out of university due to financial reasons, and worked as a hate crime project worker at Communities Inc, and as a carer.
Prior to her election, she was a national committee member of pro-Remain left-wing organisations Another Europe is Possible, and Labour for a Socialist Europe.
At the age of 23, she was the youngest MP elected in the general election, and therefore gained the unofficial title of Baby of the House.
The seat has been held by the Labour Party since the 1992 general election, and had previously been represented by Chris Leslie who himself is a former Baby of the House.
Whittome initially supported Clive Lewis in the 2020 Labour Party leadership election but nominated Emily Thornberry after Lewis withdrew his candidacy.
The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution is a non-fiction book written by Eric Foner and published by W.W. Norton & Company in 2019.
The book recounts the history of the Reconstruction era amendments to the U.S. Constitution and the historical efforts by the U.S. Supreme Court and certain states to undermine these amendments, as well as efforts to undermine the lawful right for all citizens to vote and enjoy full citizenship.
Luke Morgan Evans is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bosworth in Leicestershire since the general election in December 2019.
Evans beat local councillor Peter Bedford in a secret ballot of around 100 Bosworth Conservative Association members to be selected for the seat.
Neil Peter Hammerton Hudson is a British Conservative Party politician who was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Penrith and The Border in the 2019 general election.
Hudson then completed an internship at the University of Sydney, gaining a diploma in 1995, and later a PhD in Equine Gastroenterology at the University of Edinburgh.
The lower part of this river is served by Quai Street (West Bank) from the mouth, rue Tremblay and rue Eugène-Morin.
The surface of the Petit Saguenay River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
The mouth of the Petit Saguenay River flows into a narrow bay on the south shore of the Saguenay River, partially closed by a jetty.
William Price (1789-1867) bought it in 1844 and established a model farm there which also became the headquarters of his activities in the area.
The fire of Mr. Price's sawmill in 1870 resulted in the displacement of upstream dwellings on the present site of the village of Petit-Saguenay.
At the end of the 19th century, they passed into the hands of several rich English speakers, before being granted to clubs and associations.
The organization is recognized for its role in the sustainable development of salmon resources by being the founder of the Atlantic Salmon Protective Charter.
Containing a slice of the Carboniferous-Permian transition, it is one of the key upper Paleozoic successions characterizing that era in westernmost Gondwana, which South America was a part of in the Paleozoic.
Based on the paleoflora found in the middle upper Pallero unit, it was suggested to be of earliest Cisuralian age of the early Permian, though there is still ambiguity as insects associated with that layer have been assigned to the late Pennsylvanian of the Carboniferous.
The Bajo de Véliz Formation was deﬁned by Flores in 1969, and then studied in greater detail by Hünicken and Pensa, in 1972.
Research carried out subsequently produced remarkable findings in successive strata, several of which present evidence of insect fossils, bryophytes and paleozoic flora.
The stratigraphic succession of Bajo de Véliz is exposed by rocky outcrops such as a rock wall revealing the Pallero unit, and there are escarpments because the formation is cut and carved out of older crust.
It is located in a graben, which means it is a depressed block of the crust bordered by higher parallel faults.
As a result, it is surrounded by much older rock which is raised above it on the sides, and forms a basement below.
This ancient, separate unit is called the San Luis Formation, which ranges from the Upper Precambrian to the early Carboniferous in age, and includes igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Geologists starting with Hünicken and Pensa have classified the Bajo de Véliz unit into three component members: from lowest to highest, the Cautana, Pallero, and Lomas members.
The Cautana member (102 meters thick) contains clastic rock which grades upward from a coarse bed of polymictic conglomerate at the base, to an intercalated layer of sandstone and greenish-grey siltstone.
The Pallero member (53 meters thick) contains clearly-banded and fine-grained material: sandstones, as well as green beds with numerous fossil remains, dropstones, disk-shaped concretions.
At the time, it probably saw climatic variation and faced alternating or overlapping lacustrine (lake) and fluviatile (riverine) conditions, based on sedimentological and paleobotanical evidence.
The Lomas member (13 meters thick) contains sandstone, which is medium to coarse-grained and ranges in color from yellowish to dark greenish, crowning the formation.
Insects fed on plants forming galls and oviposition traces, and to a lesser extent marginal damage from piercing and sucking mouthparts.
Beach soccer has been part of each edition of the European Games – a quadrennial, multi-sport event – since the inaugural edition in 2015 as a men's sport.
The competition is under the direction of the European Olympic Committees (EOCs); beach soccer's governing bodies (FIFA and UEFA) are represented by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW) at the Games.
The hosts qualify automatically; of the most recent edition of the Euro Beach Soccer League (EBSL), the top six teams of the Superfinal and winners of the Promotion Final also qualify.
He moved to the University of Arizona in August 1997 as an assistant research scientist and then to Georgia Institute of Technology as a research scientist in March 2000.
Jamie Hamilton Wallis (born 1984) is a British Conservative Party politician, who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bridgend since the 2019 general election.
He served as a member of Pencoed council, representing the Hendre ward, until 2018, when he was replaced because of non-attendance at meetings.
Wallis is one of the owners of a company called Fields Holdings Limited, the parent company of Action Direct (UK) Limited, a former claims management company of which Wallis was a director in 2011 when the Ministry of Justice banned it from taking on any further employment claims work, following an investigation into the company's conduct.
In July 2010, a Freedom of Information request (2417) was made to Bridgend County Borough Council asking how many complaints or referrals to Trading Standards had been made about a Field House associated company Rapid Data Recovery Ltd, which returned the response that between January 1 2009 and mid 2010, 37 complaints had been received, a figure which included associated companies.
In January 2020, after being elected to Parliament, Wallis threatened to take legal action against BCBC over the matter under the Freedom of Information Act..
Although Wallis initially denied links to the company, Buzzfeed found that he had been a director and shareholder of the site's parent company.
Robert Largan (born 29 May 1987) is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for High Peak in the 2019 general election.
He was a Conservative councillor in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and worked as a parliamentary assistant to the Conservative MP for Chelsea and Fulham, Greg Hands.
Before being elected Member of Parliament for High Peak, Largan unsuccessfully contested the Bury South constituency for the Conservatives in the June 2017 General Election.
Robert then applied to be the Conservative Parliamentary candidate in Crewe and Nantwich in September 2018, before he was selected as the Conservative Parliamentary candidate in High Peak the following month.
Upon finishing nursing school, Mathewson-Chapman went to San Diego to work with the United States Navy in helping returning prisoners of war.
While still serving in the National Guard, Mathewson-Chapman became an assistant professor in the faculty of nursing at the University of Florida.
She also lead the first interagency integrated program at 63 National Guard/Reserve demobilization sites, developed the first outreach program for Individual Ready Reserve members, and established a combat Veteran call center.
On May 15, 2000, she became the first female to be promoted to the rank of Major General in the Army National Guard.
As well, she became the first Florida National Guard general officer to be appointed to a national military position at The Pentagon.
Mathewson-Chapman officially retired from the Army two years later on October 1, 2002, but stayed involved in Army advocacy by sitting as vice-chair on the National Army Guard Equal Opportunity Committee.
While in the United States Army Reserve, she also became the special assistant to the director of the Army National Guard in Washington and nurse executive for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.
The women's doubles competition of the table tennis events at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games was held from 6 to 7 December at the Subic Bay Exhibition & Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines.
The complex houses the world's tallest sword statue, which symbolizes the valor and courage of the freedom fighters of Manipur, who fought against the three sides of British attack, from Kohima, Silchar and Myanmar in the 23rd April, 1891.
The memorial site is one of the major tourist attractions in the entire North East India for the place being historically significant in the British history.
Nicola Faye Richards is a British Conservative Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich East since the 2019 general election.
In 2013 she began work for the former Member for Dudley South, Chris Kelly, and later worked for both Mike Wood MP and Margot James.
In 2017 Richards began work for the Jewish Leadership Council as the Midlands External Affairs Manager, before working for the Holocaust Educational Trust.
In 2015 she was elected as the Conservative Councillor on Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council representing Kingswinford North and Wall Heath, a previously Labour/ Liberal Democrat marginal.
She was elected on 12 December 2019 at the age of 24, she was one of the youngest Conservative MPs elected in the election, and the first to represent West Bromwich since 1931.
Paul Howell is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield since the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
Howell is a councillor on Durham County Council, having been elected to the Aycliffe North and Middridge ward in the 2017 local elections.
His election as an MP was seen as notable, being Sedgefield's first Conservative MP since 1931, in a seat that Tony Blair once held.
Nicholas Anthony Fletcher is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Don Valley since the 2019 general election.
Fletcher won the seat of Don Valley from incumbent Caroline Flint in 2019, with a majority of 8% representing a swing of 8.1%.
Li Xianhua (; born 1962) is a Chinese geologist currently serving as researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
After the resumption of college entrance examination, he entered University of Science and Technology of China, where he graduated in 1983.
He received his master's degree and doctor's degree from the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1985 and 1988, respectively.
She was formerly a media studies lecturer at Grimsby Institute, and executive producer of Estuary TV from 2013–2018, where she also lists herself as having been CEO of Estuary TV following the dissolving of the CIC company by the Grimsby Institute and EstuaryTV becoming, in effect, a department of the college.
Nici-Townend was a college lecturer for 20 years, including in the Media Studies department at what is now the Grimsby Institute, a further-education college.
Nici-Townend stood as the Conservative candidate for the safe Labour seat of Kingston upon Hull North in 2017, losing to sitting Labour MP Diana Johnson by 14,322 votes.
She won the seat with 54.9% of the vote and a margin of 7,331 votes over Labour, who had held the seat for 74 years; defeating the sitting Labour MP Melanie Onn, who had represented Great Grimsby since Austin Mitchell's retirement in 2015.
Nici-Townend was for several years the Executive Producer of Estuary TV, a local television channel incorporated as a ‘Community Interest Company’, a registered entity intended to be run for community benefit.
The channel was criticised for receiving £300,000 from the BBC under a scheme to meet quotas of local news content in return for subsidies.
Siobhan Kathleen Baillie is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Stroud since the 2019 general election.
As an opposition member she served on the Children, Schools and Families Scrutiny Committee and during the 2016/2017 civic year she chaired a review of mental health service provision for young people.
In September 2015 she was unsuccessful in being selected for the Barnet and Camden seat for the 2016 London Assembly elections.
She stood for the Bermondsey and Old Southwark seat in the 2017 general election, coming third with 13% of the vote.
At the 2019 general election she defeated the incumbent Labour MP David Drew in the constituency of Stroud with 47.9% of the vote, representing a 3.5% swing.
As an MP she supported the 'calling in' process for the Secretary of State to review the Forest Green Rovers Eco Park scheme, but has not stated why she opposes the project.
He grew up on a council estate in Nottingham and was the first member of his family to go to university, studying politics at Nottingham Trent University and gaining a PGCE in religious education.
At the time of his election to Parliament, he lived in Edwinstowe with his Romanian wife, who is a doctor at Bassetlaw Hospital.
In May 2019, Clarke-Smith overturned a Labour majority in Boughton and Walesby to be elected as a Councillor on Newark & Sherwood District Council.
He was selected as the Conservative party candidate for Bassetlaw in the December 2019 elections when the sitting MP John Mann stood down.
He overturned a Labour majority with the biggest swing in the election, from a 4,852 Labour majority to a 14,013 Conservative majority.
This is the first time Bassetlaw has been represented by a party other than Labour since Malcolm MacDonald won the seat in 1929.
Clarke-Smith campaigned to leave the EU in the 2016 EU referendum and was a member of the Bassetlaw Vote Leave campaign, which secured a 67.8% leave vote.
While Eastern Kentucky University put their athletic program on hiatus during World War II, Rankin served as an assistant to basketball coach Adolph Rupp at the University of Kentucky for one season (1943–1944).
He served as the head basketball coach at the University of Maine from 1949 to 1954 He also served as an assistant football coach during his early tenure.
Prior to his election as MP Wakeford has been a Councillor for Barrowford in Nelson, Lancashire and Leader of the Conservative group on Pendle Borough Council.
Oliver Joseph St John Gogarty (17 August 1878 – 22 September 1957) was an Irish poet, author, otolaryngologist, athlete, politician, and well-known conversationalist.
Gogarty was born 17 August 1878 in Rutland Square, Dublin, the eldest child of Henry Gogarty, a well-to-do Dublin physician, and Margaret Gogarty (née Oliver), the daughter of a Galway mill owner.
Gogarty's father, himself the son of a medical doctor, had been educated at Trinity College and owned two fashionable homes in Dublin, which set the Gogartys apart from other Irish Catholic families at that time and allowed them access to the same social circles as the Protestant Ascendancy.
In 1887 Gogarty's father died of a burst appendix, and Gogarty was sent to Mungret College, a boarding school near Limerick.
Gogarty returned to Ireland in 1896 and boarded at Clongowes Wood College while studying for examinations with the Royal University of Ireland.
He was a talented athlete; in England he had briefly played for the Preston North End FC Reserve, and while at Clongowes he played for the Bohemian FC.
His extracurricular interests, which also included cycling and drinking, prevented him from being an attentive student, and in 1898 he switched to the medical school at Trinity College, having failed eight of his ten examinations at the Royal.
He had a talent for humorous and bawdy verse, which quickly made the rounds through the city, and sometimes composed mnemonic lyrics to aid his medical studies.
He also enjoyed a highly successful cycling career before being banned from the tracks in 1901 for bad language, and between 1898 and 1901 he rescued at least four people from drowning.
His witty conversation made him a favourite with the dons, particularly John Pentland Mahaffy (formerly the tutor of Oscar Wilde) and Robert Yelverton Tyrrell, and between 1901 and 1903 he won three successive Vice-Chancellor's prizes for verse.
In 1900 he made the acquaintance of W. B. Yeats (of whom his mother highly approved) and of George Moore (of whom she did not) and began to frequent Dublin literary circles.
Forty years later in America, Gogarty would attribute Joyce's abrupt departure to his and S.C. Trench's midnight antics with a loaded revolver.
Joyce and Gogarty corresponded intermittently during the early years of Joyce's continental exile and occasionally planned meetings, but contemporaneous letters from Joyce to his brother reveal deep distrust of Gogarty's motives, and their friendship was never fully renewed.
Gogarty made use of the Martello Tower during the following year as a writing retreat and party venue, and officially held the lease until 1925.
In 1905 Gogarty became one of the founding members of Arthur Griffith's Sinn Féin, a non-violent political movement with a plan for Irish autonomy modelled after the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy.
Eager to establish himself with a profession, he passed his final medical examinations in June 1907, several months after the death of his mother.
Owing in part to the influence of his mentor, Sir Robert Woods, Gogarty had decided to specialise in otolaryngology, and in Vienna he studied under Ottokar Chiari, Markus Hajek, and Robert Bárány.
Returning to Dublin in 1908, Gogarty secured a post at Richmond Hospital, and shortly afterwards purchased a house in Ely Place opposite George Moore.
Three years later, he joined the staff of the Meath Hospital and remained there for the remainder of his medical career.
He became known for flamboyant theatrics in the operating room, including off-the-cuff witticisms and the flinging of recently removed larynxes at the viewing gallery.
He also maintained ENT consulting rooms in Ely Place, attracting a number of wealthy clients and attending to less well-off patients for free.
Gogarty and his wife went on to have two more children, Dermot (born 1908) and Brenda (born 1911), and in 1917 Gogarty purchased Renyvle House, a large country house in Renvyle, Connemara.
During the following decade he was also interested in aviation, earning a pilot's licence and helping to found the Irish Aero Club.
As a Sinn Féiner during the Irish War of Independence, Gogarty participated in a variety of anti-Black and Tan schemes, allowing his home to be used as a safe house and transporting disguised IRA volunteers in his car.
Following the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Gogarty sided with the pro-Treaty government (headed by his close friend Arthur Griffith) and was made a Free State Senator.
Gogarty carried out Griffith's official autopsy and embalmment, and went on to perform the same offices for Michael Collins, another close friend whom Gogarty had often sheltered in his Ely Place home prior to his assassination.
It was rumoured that Griffith had been planning to make Gogarty the new Governor-General of the Irish Free State, but in his absence the post went to Tim Healy.
Two months later, Gogarty was kidnapped by a group of anti-Treaty militants, who lured him out of his house and into a waiting car under the pretext of bringing him to visit a sick patient.
Aware that he might be in imminent danger of execution, Gogarty contrived to have himself led out into the garden (purportedly by claiming to be suffering from diarrhoea), where he broke free from his captors and flung himself into the Liffey; he then swam to shore and delivered himself to the protection of the police barracks in Phoenix Park.
Gogarty remained a senator until the abolition of the Seanad in 1936, during which time he identified with none of the existing political parties and voted according to his own whims.
He was most passionate on the subject of sanitation in schools and in urban and rural housing, about which he spoke frequently.
His speeches frequently contained puns, wordplays, and extended poetic quotations, and were sometimes given in favour of facetious schemes, such as his attempt to have the phoenix statue in Phoenix Park included in the 1929 Wild Birds Protection Bill.
Gogarty maintained close friendships with W. B. Yeats, AE, George Moore, Lord Dunsany, James Stephens, Seamus O'Sullivan, and other Dublin literati, and continued to write poetry in the midst of his political and professional duties.
Shortly after its publication, it became the subject of a lawsuit by a Jewish art dealer, Harry Sinclair, who claimed that he and his recently deceased twin brother, William Sinclair, had been libeled by the publication.
Gogarty responded to the charges by claiming that the unnamed Jews were parodies or composite characters rather than deliberate evocations of living persons.
This outcome deeply embittered Gogarty, who had already suffered financial setbacks after the stock market crash of 1929 and felt that the verdict had been politically motivated.
With the onset of World War II, Gogarty, who was an enthusiastic and talented amateur aviator, attempted to enlist in the RAF and the RAMC as a doctor.
He then departed in September 1939 for an extended lecture tour in the United States, leaving his wife to manage Renvyle House, which had since been rebuilt as a hotel.
When his return to Ireland was delayed by the war, Gogarty applied for American citizenship, and eventually decided to reside permanently in the United States.
Though he regularly sent letters, funds, and care-packages to his family and returned home for occasional holiday visits, he never again lived in Ireland for any extended length of time.
Feeling that he was too old to sit for the medical examinations that would have qualified him as a practitioner in the United States, Gogarty instead chose to support himself entirely by his writing.
Gogarty suffered from heart complaints during the last few years of his life, and in September 1957 he collapsed in the street on his way to dinner.
He died on 22 September 1957; his body was flown home to Ireland and buried in Cartron Church, Moyard, near Renvyle.
Other details, such as Mulligan's Hellenism, his status as a medical student, his history of saving men from drowning, his friendship with George Moore, and the metrical arrangement of his full name (Malachi Roland St. John Mulligan) parallel Gogarty's biography.
A pub in the Temple Bar district of Dublin is named after him, and an annual Oliver St. John Gogarty Literary Festival is held in the author's family home, now the Renvyle House Hotel in Connemara.
Western European Time (WET, ) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe and consists of countries using (also known as Greenwich Mean Time).
It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union along with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.
All the above countries except Iceland implement daylight saving time in summer (from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year), switching to Western European Summer Time (WEST, ), which is one hour ahead of WET.
The nominal span of the UTC±00:00 time zone is 7.5°E to 7.5°W (0° ± 7.5°), but does not include the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Gibraltar or Spain which use Central European Time (CET) even though these are mostly or completely west of 7.5°E.
Two other occupied territories, Belgium and the Netherlands, did the same, and Spain also switched to CET in solidarity with Germany under the orders of General Franco.
In the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 British Summer Time (BST=CET) was used in winters, and from 1941 to 1945 and again in 1947, British Double Summer Time (BDST=CEST) was used in summers.
In Ireland, from 1940 to 1946 Irish Summer Time (IST=CET) was used all year round, with no 'double' summer time akin to that in the United Kingdom.
Eamon was born Eamon Jonathan Doyle in Staten Island, New York City, the son of Diane (née Zizzo), an Italian American nurse, and Walter Doyle, a counselor with a private practice, of Irish descent.
of First Priority Music who in turn turned Eamon on to songwriter/producer Milk Dee, who had worked with musicians such as MC Lyte, Janet Jackson, and Mary J. Blige.
After Nat Robinson shopped Eamon to over 22 different record labels Nat Robinson finally secured a record deal with record executive Barry Weiss and Eamon was eventually signed to Jive Records.
The success of the song prompted Jive to release the song internationally where it reached number one in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden.
The song did not match the success of its predecessor, although it was a top 10 hit in Denmark, where it peaked at number seven on the Danish Singles Chart.
After Jive records failed to properly market Eamon's second album, they mutually parted ways in 2008 with the stipulation that Eamon not sign another deal during the 18 months after the contract ended.
In 2010, Eamon moved to Los Angeles, California to hone his craft as a songwriter and work with a fresh group of producers.
Eamon signed a two-album deal worth $1,000,000 and began recording with Grammy winning producer Mikal Blue (Colbie Caillat, Jason Mraz, One Republic).
The album was finished in September 2012, and Eamon was still under contract with SMC, but could not release any music or perform for money.
Most of the album he recorded with Mikal Blue could not be sold or even made public, but Eamon became a free agent.
In June 2019 Eamon announced via Instagram that he would be releasing as yet unnamed EP and will be releasing a song from the EP every week.
For some governments, publishing information in a gazette was or is a legal necessity by which official documents come into force and enter the public domain.
Stephnie de Ruyter is a former leader of the New Zealand Democratic Party, a small centre-left New Zealand political party based upon Social Credit economics.
In the 1999 election, she was the Alliance's candidate for the Invercargill electorate, and was ranked twenty-second on the party's list.
Later, when the Democrats joined Jim Anderton to establish the breakaway Progressive Coalition, de Ruyter took an active role in building the new party.
By the time of the 2002 election, de Ruyter was deputy leader of the Democrats and was ranked fifth on the Progressive list.
Not long after the 2002 election, the Democrats opted to leave the Progressive Coalition and reestablish themselves as an independent party.
The leader of the Democrats, Grant Gillon, along with the former leader John Wright, unsuccessfully urged the party to remain a member of the Progressive Coalition.
3,540 species in the Old World (most Cyrtandroideae) and New World (Gesnerioideae) tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas.
As with other members of the Lamiales the flowers have a (usually) zygomorphic corolla whose petals are fused into a tube and there is no one character that separates a gesneriad from any other member of Lamiales.
Gesneriaceae have traditionally been separated from Scrophulariaceae by having a unilocular rather than bilocular ovary, with parietal rather than axile placentation.
On the basis of both morphological and biogeographical differences the family is divided into two major subfamilies: subfamily Cyrtandroideae in the Old World and subfamily Gesnerioideae in the New World.
Several molecular systematic studies have shown that Gesneriaceae are not closely related to any other family of the Lamiales, but more recently a sister-group relationship with Calceolariaceae has been suggested.
Clarke, Olive Mary Hilliard, Joseph Dalton Hooker, William Jackson Hooker, Karl Fritsch, Elmer Drew Merrill, Harold E. Moore, Jr., John L. Clark, Conrad Vernon Morton, Henry Nicholas Ridley, Laurence Skog, W.T.
A perpetual calendar is a calendar valid for many years, usually designed to look up the day of the week for a given date in the future.
Such a perpetual calendar fails to indicate the dates of moveable feasts such as Easter, which are calculated based on a combination of events in the Tropical year and lunar cycles.
This is the first known instance of a tabular form of perpetual calendar allowing the calculation of the moveable feasts that became popular during the 15th century.
Even though the individual operations in the formulas can be very efficiently implemented in software, they are too complicated for most people to perform all of the arithmetic mentally.
A table for the Gregorian calendar expresses its 400-year grand cycle: 303 common years and 97 leap years total to 146,097 days, or exactly 20,871 weeks.
Within each 100-year block, the cyclic nature of the Gregorian calendar proceeds in exactly the same fashion as its Julian predecessor: A common year begins and ends on the same day of the week, so the following year will begin on the next successive day of the week.
Every four years, the starting weekday advances five days, so over a 28-year period it advances 35, returning to the same place in both the leap year progression and the starting weekday.
Instead, a table-based perpetual calendar provides a simple look-up mechanism to find offset for the day of week for the first day of each month.
Military contingents were formed in German East Africa, where they became famous as Askari, in the Kamerun colony of German West Africa, and in German South-West Africa.
Likewise, the police forces for South-West Africa under Curt von François and for German Cameroon were re-established as Schutztruppe units by the act of 9 June 1895.
Schutztruppe formations under the supreme command of the German Emperor were organizationally never a part of the Imperial German Army, though German military law and discipline applied to its units.
Initially supervised by the Imperial Navy Office, they were under the authority of the Colonial Department in the German Foreign Office by the act of 7 and 18 July 1896.
At the beginning of World War I in 1914, there were three Schutztruppe military commands, one in each of the German colonial regions in East Africa, South-West Africa, and in Kamerun, subordinate to each governor.
A pre-war company consisted of 160 (expandable to 200) men in three platoons [Züge] of 50 to 60 men each, including two machine gun teams.
Overall strength was 300 European recruits and 2,472 Africans, specifically 68 combatant officers, 60 warrant officers and NCOs, 132 non-combatant medical officers, civilian administrators, ammunition technicians, and 2 African officers and 184 African NCOs and 2,286 Askaris.
Relations between the German administration and the natives in this colony had deteriorated to the point that few local Africans were recruited; however, Boers and Afrikaners did join to renew their fight against Great Britain.
The colonial forces for German Southwest Africa consisted of volunteers from the imperial army and navy (including some Austrians), but essentially consisted of members of German regiments.
Because of the often humid conditions in the upper Rhine valley of the grand-duchy of Baden, the area provided some early acclimatization.
German Southwest Africa Command at Windhuk (modern Windhoek) consisted of headquarters, administration and legal (judge advocate), medical corps, surveying and mapping units.
At the outbreak of World War I the force had a total strength of 91 officers, 22 physicians, 9 veterinarians, 59 civilian administrators, ammunition technicians, 342 NCOs and 1,444 German other ranks for a total of 1,967 personnel.
The Kamerun force in 1914 consisted of 12 companies, totaling 1,600 men with headquarters at Soppo and established in 1894 from the existing police force (formed in 1891).
The companies were assigned to 49 garrisons in Kamerun and consisted of 61 officers, 23 physicians, 23 civilian administrators, ammunition technicians, 98 German NCOs and 1,650 African enlisted ranks for a total personnel count of 1,855.
With few arms, ammunition or provisions, by the end of August 1914, all were forced to surrender to invading French and British forces.
Legend has it that the monastery was erected on the burial spot of Adam's head—though two other locations in Jerusalem also claim this honor—from which grew the tree that gave its wood to the cross on which Christ was crucified.
It is believed that the site was originally consecrated in the fourth century under the instruction of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great, who later gave the site to king Mirian III of Kartli after the conversion of his kingdom to Christianity in 327 AD.
The monastery was built in the eleventh century, during the reign of King Bagrat IV by the Georgian Giorgi-Prokhore of Shavsheti.
In 1305, an ambassador of the King of Georgia, supported by Andronikos II, to Sultan An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun achieved repossession of the monastery.
It is because here is the Earth, that nourished the Root, that bore the Tree, that yielded the Timber that made the Cross.
The whole society stands round singing some Latin Hymns, and when he has done, every Fryar comes in order, and kisses the feet of the Pilgrim: all this was performed with great order, and solemnity”.
The remains of the crusader-period monastery forms a small part of the current complex, most of which has undergone restoration and rebuilding.
The crusader section houses a church, including a grotto where a window into the ground below allows viewing of the spot where the tree from which the cross was (reputedly) fashioned grew.
In June 2004, shortly before a visit by the Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili to Israel, a fresco of the legendary Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli on a column inside the church was defaced by unknown individuals.
In a 1901 photograph of the Council of Archangels fresco there are Georgian inscriptions, but 1960 photographs show the inscriptions had been changed to Greek; after cleaning the paintings the Georgian inscriptions emerged again.
near the figures of St. Luke and St. Prochore) the outline of Georgian letters are clearly visible under the recently added Greek inscriptions.
The GIAT group was founded in 1973 by combining the industrial assets of the technical direction of Army weapons of the French Ministry of Defense.
Not until April 2004 did the board of directors present the public with a financial statement showing a profit of several hundred million Euros.
This was mainly due to increased export sales, and the modernization of the Leclerc Main Battle Tank (MBT) and several other armored platforms.
In 2006, the THL-20 gun turret was selected by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for use on the HAL Light Combat Helicopter, incorporating the 20 mm M621 cannon.
Nexter has a joint venture CTA International with BAE Systems to develop and manufacture case telescoped weapon systems and ammunition of 40 mm calibre.
The new KNDS – KMW+Nexter Defense Systems -- will be the European leader of terrestrial defense with more than 6,000 employees.
The supervisory board appointed the new CEO of Nexter Systems, Stéphane Mayer, and the chairman of the executive board of KMW, Frank Haun, as CEOs of the holding company.
The Royal Parks Constabulary (RPC) was the police force formerly responsible for the Royal Parks in London and a number of other locations in Greater London, England and Edinburgh, Scotland.
Unlike most other police forces operating in England and Wales, the Royal Parks Constabulary did not report to the Home Office, but instead to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, who provided funding for it through the Royal Parks Agency.
Before 1872, Hyde Park had its own constables who lived in some of the entrance lodges and worked out of the rooms inside Marble Arch.
One of the last Inspectors of those constables was Samuel Parkes, who won the Victoria Cross in the Charge of the Light Brigade in 1854.
The constabulary worked towards maintaining the standards of Home Office police forces and all constables were trained at regional training centres, alongside their Home Office colleagues.
Unlike council-run parks constabularies, constables of the RPC enjoyed full police powers in the parks under their control and had the power to instigate criminal proceedings for offences committed in the Royal Parks.
Instead, because of the potential for trouble at Speaker's Corner, Hyde Park was policed by The Metropolitan Police from 1867 until 1993.
On 1 April 2004, following a review of the Royal Parks Constabulary by Anthony Speed, the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police took on the responsibility of policing the Royal Parks in Greater London.
In Scotland, the powers were transferred to Historic Scotland (with security in Holyrood Park being provided by Historic Scotland's own Ranger Service and aided by Lothian and Borders Police).
In the summer of 1905, he sent a copy to James Joyce, then living in Trieste, via their mutual acquaintance Vincent Cosgrave.
The seeds of many Australian plants and plants from southern Africa and the American west require smoke or fire to germinate.
In certain cases, this is done to prevent the accidental spreading of these plants, for example by birds and other animal.
Plants are produced using material from a single parent and as such there is no exchange of genetic material, therefore vegetative propagation methods almost always produce plants that are identical to the parent.
In some plants seeds can be produced without fertilization and the seeds contain only the genetic material of the parent plant.
A heated propagator is a horticultural device to maintain a warm and damp environment for seeds and cuttings to grow in.
This can be in the form of a clear enclosed bin sitting over a hotpad, or even a portable heater pointed at the bin.
The mats are made so that planters containing seedlings can be placed on top of the metal cage without the risk of starting a fire.
The constant and predictable heat allows people to garden in the winter months when the weather is generally too cold for seedlings to survive naturally.
The Volkswagen Transporter (T4), marketed in North America as the Volkswagen EuroVan, is a van produced by the German manufacturer Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles between 1990 and 2003, succeeding the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) and superseded by the Volkswagen Transporter (T5).
Prompted by the success of similar moves with their passenger cars, Volkswagen had toyed in the late 1970s with the idea of replacing their air-cooled, rear-engined T2 vans with a front-engined, water-cooled design.
After a run of nearly 14 years, T4 production ceased in 2003, making it second only to the T1 for length of production in its home market.
It was available in many forms and sizes as standard and formed the basis of many specialist vehicles, from buses to campervans to ambulances.
High-tops were only manufactured on the LWB chassis, although campervan conversions often have pop-top or (usually fibreglass) high-tops added to both SWB and LWB chassis.
Initially, only Caravelles and Multivans were available with the longer nose, since these were the only models available with the VR6 engine.
However, campers and other specialist vehicles produced between 1996 and 2003 may have either the short or the long nose, depending on which model was used as the base vehicle.
In keeping with the Type 2's naming convention, the short and long-nose versions are also informally known as T4a and T4b, respectively.
The T4 was also available with a permanent 4WD system that uses a Viscous coupling unit as a centre differential to regulate the distribution of torque to the rear axle.
Since the rear differential precludes the placement of the spare wheel in the usual place under the body, syncro vans either store it inside the body or on an external, hinged bracket.
The T4 is a very popular base for building a small to medium-sized camper and day-vans, both as self-build projects and for professional conversions.
Due largely to its versatility, as well as popularity as a campervan, the Volkswagen Transporter (including the T4) has an extensive following amongst enthusiasts.
Meetings are held regularly throughout the year in countries across Europe and there are several Internet forums dedicated to T4 owners and enthusiasts.
In May 2010, the German enthusiasts of the T4 held a celebration of the 20th anniversary of the production of the first T4.
Several hundred T4s took part with vans from as far afield as Russia, France, Spain, central Europe and the Nordic countries.
In the United States, the short wheelbase EuroVan 5-cylinder passenger models (CL, GL, GLS, and MV) were only sold for model year 1993.
Volkswagen only imported them to the U.S. market for one year because sales in the United States were disappointing, but sales continued in Canada and Mexico.
Volkswagen reintroduced the EuroVan passenger models in the United States for model year 1999 with a VR6 engine as standard, but discontinued the T4 worldwide after 2003.
Volkswagen imported the short wheelbase EuroVan 5-cylinder petrol engine passenger models (CL, GL, GLS, MV Weekender and Westfalia Camperised) to Canada from 1991 to 1996.
The EuroVan Camper by Winnebago was introduced to the United States and Canada in 1995 with the five-cylinder engine, and upgraded to the VR6 for the 1997-2003 models.
Winnebago also built three small Class C motorhomes with the forward cab of the T4/EuroVan called the Rialta, Vista, and Sunstar (Itasca branded).
The Rialta was available in 1995-1996 with the five-cylinder engine, in 1997-2001 with the AES version of the VR6, and in 2002-2005 with the AXK engine.
Provideniya (; Chukchi: ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Providensky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on Komsomolskaya Bay (a part of Provideniya Bay) in the northeastern part of the autonomous okrug, across the Bering Strait from Alaska, and very close to the International Date Line.
The largest inhabited locality east of Anadyr, it was established as a port to serve the eastern end of the Northern Sea Route.
The port is found in Komsomolskaya Bay (named after the Soviet Komsomol youth organization), a part of the much larger Provideniya Bay, providing a suitable deep water harbor for Russian ships, close to the southern limits of the winter ice fields.
After discovery in 1660 of Providence Bay by the Russian expedition led by Kurbata Ivanov, the surrounding waters became a regular site for wintering fishing, whaling, and merchant ships.
On May 10, 1946, the settlement of Provideniya was officially established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.
However, social and economic upheavals in the post-Soviet period left these plans unfulfilled and in the period from 1994 to 2002 no construction was undertaken at all.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Provideniya serves as the administrative center of Providensky District, to which it is directly subordinated.
There is a technical school, one functioning movie theater, a post office, a museum of Chukotka history and culture, one of the only two ski slopes in Chukotka, a bakery complex, and port facilities.
A significant proportion of the settlement's current residents are Yupik, reflecting the high percentage of indigenous peoples in both Providensky and Chukotsky Districts.
The settlement and the surrounding area struggle from alcoholism (which is especially high in indigenous areas), causing a high death rate, a low birth rate, and the population decline since 1990.
Provideniya has a polar climate, although winters are not as severe due to the coastal location and colorful flowers help bring the tundra to life during the summer.
Winter temperatures are significantly higher than at other places within Chukotka such as Uelen and Ushakovskoye, because it is a more southerly settlement with greater maritime influence from the Bering Sea, as is the case with nearby Nome in the US, which has similar winter conditions.
Summers are generally cool and the settlement receives heavy rainfall, especially when low pressure systems move northwards from the Pacific Ocean.
The annual average temperature is higher than Mount Fuji, but Provideniya is much lower than Mount Fuji, albeit in a polar climate.
The term is often associated with skeptical investigation of controversial topics such as UFOs, claimed paranormal phenomena, cryptids, conspiracy theories, alternative medicine, religion, or exploratory or fringe areas of scientific or pseudoscientific research.
Backfire effects can occur if a message spends too much time on the negative case, if it is too complex, or if the message is threatening.
Backfire effects occur when science communicators accidentally reinforce false beliefs by trying to correct them, a phenomenon known as belief perseverance.
They recommend spending little or no time describing misconceptions because people cannot help but remember ideas that they have heard before.
They recommend providing fewer and clearer arguments, considering that more people recall a message when it is simpler and easier to read.
The authors write that debunkers should try to build up people's egos in some way before confronting false beliefs because it is difficult to consider ideas that threaten one's worldviews (i.e., threatening ideas cause cognitive dissonance).
I Don't Want You Back is the debut album by American R&B singer Eamon, released in the United States on February 17, 2004.
Al Yamamah () is the name of a series of record arms sales by the United Kingdom to Saudi Arabia, paid for by the delivery of up to of crude oil per day to the UK government.
The first sales occurred in September 1985 and the most recent contract for 72 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighters was signed in August 2006.
Mike Turner, then CEO of BAE Systems, said in August 2005 that BAE and its predecessor had earned £43 billion in twenty years from the contracts and that it could earn £40 billion more.
In 2010, BAE Systems pleaded guilty to a United States court, to charges of false accounting and making misleading statements in connection with the sales.
An investigation by the British Serious Fraud Office into the deal was discontinued after political pressure from the Saudi and British governments.
In 1964 The British Aircraft Corporation conducted demonstration flights of their Lightning in Riyadh and in 1965 Saudi Arabia signed a letter of intent for the supply of Lightning and Strikemaster aircraft as well as Thunderbird surface to air missiles.
In 1973 the Saudi government signed an agreement with the British government which specified BAC as the contractor for all parts of the defence system (AEI was previously contracted to supply the radar equipment and Airwork Services provided servicing and training).
In 1981 the RSAF ordered 46 F-15Cs and 16 F-15Ds, followed in 1982 by the purchase of 5 E-3A AWACS aircraft.
Following these deals and partly due to pro-Israeli sentiment in the US Congress, which would have either blocked a deal or insisted on usage restrictions for exported aircraft, Saudi Arabia turned to the UK for further arms purchases.
On 26 September 1985 the defence ministers of the UK and Saudi Arabia sign a Memorandum of Understanding in London for 48 Tornado IDSs, 24 Tornado ADVs, 30 Hawk training aircraft, 30 Pilatus PC-9 trainers, a range of weapons, radar, spares and a pilot-training programme.
The second stage (Al Yamamah II) was signed on 3 July 1988 in Bermuda by the defence ministers of the UK and Saudi Arabia.
At a minimum, it is believed to involve the supply and support of 96 Panavia Tornado ground attack aircraft, 24 Air Defence Variants (ADVs), 50 BAE Hawk and 50 Pilatus PC-9 aircraft, specialised naval vessels, and various infrastructure works.
The initial Memorandum of Understanding committed the UK to purchasing the obsolete Lightning and Strikemaster aircraft, along with associated equipment and spare parts.
The success of the initial contract has been attributed to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who lobbied hard on behalf of British industry.
When, in the Autumn of 1984, they seemed to be leaning towards French Mirage fighters, Mr Heseltine paid an urgent visit to Saudi Arabia, carrying a letter from the Prime Minister to King Fahd.
In December 1984 the Prime Minister started a series of important negotiations by meeting Prince Bandar, the son of Prince Sultan.
The Prime Minister met the King in Riyahd in April this year and in August the King wrote to her stating his decision to buy 48 Tornado IDS and 30 Hawk.
Contracts between BAE Systems and the Saudi government have been underwritten by the Export Credits Guarantee Department, a tax-payer funded insurance system.
In December 2004, the Commons Trade Committee chairman, Martin O'Neill, accused the Government of being foolish for concealing a £1billion guarantee they have given to BAE Systems.
In an editorial the magazine also raises the prospect of a requirement for a new lead-in fighter trainer to replace the earlier generation of Hawk 65/65As and to provide adequate training for transition of pilots to the advanced Typhoon.
Some allegations suggested that the former prime minister's son Mark Thatcher may have been involved, however he has strongly denied receiving payments or exploiting his mother's connections in his business dealings.
The SFO wrote a letter to Kevin Tebbit at the MoD who notified the Chairman of BAE Systems but not the Secretary of Defence.
In his book, David Wearing uses the example of F&C Asset Management, a major institutional investor, who (despite benefiting in the short term), warned the defence procurement minister that it would reduce the efficient functioning of financial markets as a whole.
The UK National Audit Office (NAO) investigated the contracts and has so far not released its conclusions – the only NAO report ever to be withheld.
In July 2006, Sir John Bourn, the head of the NAO, refused to release a copy to the investigators of an unpublished report into the contract that had been drawn up in 1992.
In late 2005, BAE refused to comply with compulsory production notices for details of its secret offshore payments to the Middle East.
At the end of November 2006, when the long-running investigation was threatening to go on for two more years, BAE Systems was negotiating a multibillion-pound sale of Eurofighter Typhoons to Saudi Arabia.
According to the BBC the contract was worth £6billion with 5,000 people directly employed in the manufacture of the Eurofighter, while other reports put the value at £10billion with 50,000 jobs at stake.
There were reports of a systematic PR campaign operated by Tim Bell through newspaper scare stories, letters from business owners and MPs in whose constituencies the factories were located to get the case closed.
Article 5 of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery prohibits the decision to drop investigations into corruption from being influenced by considerations of the national economic interest or the potential effect upon relations with another state.
This prompted the investigation team to consider striking an early guilty plea deal with BAE that would minimise the intrusiveness to Saudi Arabia and mitigate damage.
The Attorney General agreed the strategy, but briefed Prime Minister Blair – who in a reply dated 5 December 2006 – urged that the case be dropped.
That same day, Prince Bandar met with Foreign Office officials, after spending a week with Jacques Chirac to negotiate a French alternative to the BAE deal.
On 14 December 2006, the Attorney General Lord Goldsmith announced that the investigation was being discontinued on grounds of the public interest.
The Director of the Serious Fraud Office has decided to discontinue the investigation into the affairs of BAE Systems plc as far as they relate to the Al Yamamah defence contract.
This decision has been taken following representations that have been made both to the Attorney General and the Director concerning the need to safeguard national and international security.
Jonathan Aitken, a former Conservative government minister and convicted perjurer, who was connected with the deals in the 1980s, said that even if the allegations against BAE were true, it was correct to end the investigation to maintain good relations with Saudi Arabia.
Mark Pieth, director of anti-fraud section at the OECD, on behalf of the United States, Japan, France, Sweden, Switzerland and Greece, addressed a formal complaint letter before Christmas 2006 to the Foreign Office, seeking explanation as to why the investigation had been discontinued.
Transparency International and Labour MP Roger Berry, chairman of the Commons Quadripartite Committee, urged the government to reopen the corruption investigation.
Delivery of the first two Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft (of 72 purchased by the Saudi Air Force) took place in June 2009.
On 30 July the House of Lords unanimously overturned the High Court ruling, stating that the decision to discontinue the investigation was lawful.
The OECD sent their inspectors to the UK to establish the reasons behind the dropping of the investigation in March 2007.
The OECD also wished to establish why the UK had yet to bring a prosecution since the incorporation of the OECD's anti-bribery treaty into UK law.
On 26 June 2007 BAE announced that the United States Department of Justice had launched its own investigation into Al Yamamah.
Under a plea bargain with the US Department of Justice BAE was sentenced in March 2010 by US District Court Judge John D. Bates to pay a $400 million fine, one of the largest fines in the history of the DOJ.
Its headquarters are in Glasgow, it employs approximately 1,250 staff as of 2017, to produce 15,000 hours of television and radio programming per year.
Some £320 million of licence fee revenue is raised in Scotland, with expenditure on purely local content set to stand at £86 million by 2016-17.
BBC Scotland operates the regional variant of BBC One, the BBC Scotland channel, BBC Radio Scotland, as well as radio and television outlets, Radio nan Gàidheal and BBC Alba, which broadcasts in the Scottish Gaelic language.
Named 5SC and located in Bath Street in Glasgow, the services gradually expanded to include the new stations 2BD, 2DE and 2EH, based at Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh respectively.
Around 1927, the new Corporation, as the BBC now was, decided to combine these local stations into regions under the generic banner of the BBC Regional Programme.
Regional programmes throughout the UK were merged to form the BBC Home Service in 1939, and, with a break for the Second World War, national opt outs remained on the station and its successor BBC Radio 4 until the establishment of a separate BBC Radio Scotland in November 1978.
When BBC Two arrived in Scotland in 1966 (having begun in London two years earlier and spread across the country), broadcasts began in black and white on 625-lines CCIR System I from the Black Hill transmitter.
For many years, BBC Scotland has tried to increase the number of programmes it makes to be shown on the networks.
This ambition was greatly aided by the move of BBC Scotland's headquarters in 2007 from Queen Margaret Drive to BBC Pacific Quay where state of the art digital studios were built and by the decision of the BBC centrally to move a number of programme departments, such as Children's, out of London.
BBC One Scotland is a separate channel able to opt out of the network feed of BBC One to broadcast its own schedule of regional programming in addition to networked productions.
The channel is a joint partnership between BBC Scotland and MG Alba and is available across the UK on satellite services.
On 22 February 2017, director general Tony Hall announced plans to launch a dedicated English-language BBC Scotland channel in 2018, which would replace the BBC Two Scotland opt-out.
It would broadcast from 7:00 p.m. to midnight nightly, and feature a lineup composed entirely of new and archived Scottish programming, including a new hour-long 9:00 p.m. weeknight newscast that will be produced from Scotland.
Hall also announced that the BBC would increase its overall spending on factual and drama productions in Scotland by £20 million annually.
The channel is allocated £32 million in annual funding, and its SD variant has displaced BBC Four on the Freeview EPG.
The station has specific programming opt outs for Orkney and Shetland in addition to regional news opt outs for four additional sub regions - North East, Highlands & Islands, South West and Borders.
BBC Radio nan Gàidheal in contrast is a Gaelic-language station broadcasting for the majority of the day on 103.5-105 FM and simulcasting Radio Scotland's MW service at other times.
BBC Scotland operates a mini site on BBC Online consisting of a portal to Scottish news, sport, programmes and items of cultural interest through BBC Online.
The department also provides content from Scotland on these subjects to the website and for the BBC Red Button interactive TV service.
BBC Scotland previously offered a podcast download of the top news items of the week and the online streaming of several key sections of output.
However following the widespread introduction of the BBC iPlayer service, which allowed the streaming and download of nearly all BBC programmes including news, these services were discontinued as defunct.
Working with new and emerging talent, The Social develops daily content on a range of subjects including issues, comedy, music, lifestyle and gaming.
Launched in December 2015, The Social won a Royal Television Scotland award for Best Digital Innovation in 2016 and another RTS Innovation Award in 2018 for the shortform drama Kidder.
When BBC Television first came to Scotland, there were no dedicated studios and Scotland shared an outside broadcast unit with BBC North in Manchester.
Apart from a limited news service, all programmes about Scotland had to be transmitted from London and had to have an appeal to a UK audience.
When the new commercial broadcaster, Scottish Television, was about to arrive in 1957, BBC Scotland managed to produce slightly improved news coverage by a complicated arrangement involving the newsroom in Queen Margaret Drive in the west of the city and the former Black Cat Cinema in Springfield Road in the east where the White Heather Club was made.
In the early 60s, the BBC acquired land adjacent to its Queen Margaret Drive base and eventually three colour studios were built together with significant radio facilities and a Film Unit with its own film processing.
The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Scottish Radio Orchestra had access to a large sound studio - Studio 1.
Designed by David Chipperfield and reportedly costing £188 million, the studio contains three television studios and five radio studios as well as the first HD newsroom used by the BBC.
Upon the launch of the BBC in Scotland in 1923, the service originally occupied Rex House at 202 Bath Street, Glasgow, before moving to properties in Blythswood Square and subsequently in West George Street.
In 1929, the decision was made to move the headquarters operation to Queen Street, Edinburgh, where the Edinburgh station had been based since 1924 following a move from the original 79 George Street premises.
However, in 1935 the headquarters operation moved back to Glasgow as it accompanied the Glasgow station at North Park House, Queen Margaret Drive, Glasgow, near to the Glasgow Botanic Gardens.
The Tun building is near to the Scottish Parliament building and contains television and radio studios in addition to a newsroom.
In addition to the Glasgow and Edinburgh bases of the broadcaster, BBC Scotland also has offices and studios located in Aberdeen, Dundee, Portree, Stornoway, Inverness, Selkirk, Dumfries, Kirkwall and Lerwick.
Of these, the latter two locations operate radio opt-outs from BBC Radio Scotland while the Aberdeen, Inverness, Selkirk and Dumfries newsrooms produce local radio bulletins for the North East, Highlands & Islands, Borders and South West respectively.
In addition to these premises, BBC Scotland operates a drama productions studio at Dumbarton on the site of a disused whisky distillery.
Also, the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra is resident at Glasgow City Halls having been based at Queen Margaret Drive until 2006.
Until 2010, a high number of Gaelic programmes were broadcast on BBC One and Two Scotland before transferring over to BBC Alba.
'It was intriguing to note that without fail at every one of our public events, BBC2 Scotland's Eòrpa programme was raised, unsolicited, and by non-Gaelic speakers, as an example of a positive, well-respected programme' - Blair Jenkins, Chair - Scottish Broadcasting Commission.
and continued to be given a broadcast on BBC Two Scotland as the only Gaelic programme to do so until 2019.
Over the years, BBC Scotland made a number of well known and much loved radio and television programmes both for the BBC networks and for transmission in Scotland only.
BBC Scotland started using their own television continuity announcers voicing over specific BBC Scotland station idents for all evening and weekend afternoon junctions around 1977.
From 1985, the announcing team started doing a news summary just before children's programmes at around 15:53, and within a few weeks, additional news summaries at 21:25 were introduced.
She was the co-leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand from 1995 to 2009, and was a Member of Parliament from 1996 to 2010.
She was also highly active in various environmental organizations such as the New Zealand Biological Producers' Council, the Campaign Climate for Change (which she founded), and the Environmental Council.
She was its energy spokesperson from 1977 to 1982, and stood as a candidate in the 1978 election and the 1981 election.
When the Values Party merged with a number of other groups to form the modern Green Party, Fitzsimons became an active member of the new organization.
When the Green Party joined with several other left-wing parties to form the Alliance, Fitzsimons became co-deputy leader (with Sandra Lee holding the other deputy leader position).
In the 1996 election, the first to be conducted under the new MMP electoral system, Fitzsimons was placed third on the Alliance party list.
To observers, it seemed that the Greens' chances of entering parliament were dependent on Fitzsimons' performance in Coromandel; in order to receive proportional representation, the party needed to either gain five percent of the national vote or win an electorate seat, and it appeared that the former option was unlikely.
Labour Leader (and Prime Minister after the election) Helen Clark openly encouraged Labour supporters to give their constituency vote to Fitzsimons and their party vote to Labour.
When normal votes had been counted, it appeared that Fitzsimons had been defeated in Coromandel by National's Murray McLean, but when special votes were tallied, Fitzsimons had a narrow lead.
This guaranteed the Green Party seats in parliament regardless of whether it crossed the five percent threshold (as it eventually did).
Fitzsimons remained in Parliament as the highest-ranked candidate on the Green Party's list, and remained co-leader of the party until 2009, with probably the highest public profile of any Green MP.
This was agreed to as part of a policy package negotiated by the Green Party in exchange for its undertaking not to oppose the Labour-led Government on matters of confidence and supply until the next parliamentary elections.
She was the Green Party spokesperson on Climate Change, Energy, Finance & Revenue, Genetic Engineering, Research, Science & Technology, Sustainable Economics, Transport, Treaty Issues (Associate).
In October 2008, respondents to a ONE News Colmar Brunton poll regarded Fitzsimons as the most trustworthy political party leader in New Zealand.
In February 2009, Fitzsimons announced that she would step down as party co-leader at the party's annual conference, and she was replaced by Metiria Turei on 30 May 2009.
The bill passed its first reading, but was subsequently defeated at its second reading on 4 April 2012 by a vote of 69–51, with National, New Zealand First, ACT and United Future opposing it.
Fitzsimons left Parliament on 11 February 2010, and was replaced by the next candidate on the Green Party list, Gareth Hughes.
In the 2010 Queen's Birthday Honours, Fitzsimons was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for public services.
She and her husband manage an organic farm in the Kauaeranga Valley east of Thames at the base of the Coromandel Peninsula.
This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water.
It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry consistent with other three-coordinate S(IV) compounds, with a nonbonded electron pair on the approximately tetrahedral sulfur atom.
Dimethyl sulfoxide is produced industrially from dimethyl sulfide, a by-product of the Kraft process, by oxidation with oxygen or nitrogen dioxide.
It is a base, e.g., for the deprotonation of ketones to form sodium enolates, phosphonium salts to form Wittig reagents, and formamidinium salts to form diaminocarbenes.
Because DMSO is only weakly acidic, it tolerates relatively strong bases and as such has been extensively used in the study of carbanions.
A set of non-aqueous pKa values (C-H, O-H, S-H and N-H acidities) for thousands of organic compounds have been determined in DMSO solution.
Samples dissolved in DMSO cannot be as easily recovered compared to other solvents, as it is very difficult to remove all traces of DMSO by conventional rotary evaporation.
One technique to fully recover samples is removal of the organic solvent by evaporation followed by addition of water (to dissolve DMSO) and cryodesiccation to remove both DMSO and water.
The relatively high freezing point of DMSO, , means that at, or just below, room temperature it is a solid, which can limit its utility in some chemical processes (e.g.
It is widely used to strip photoresist in TFT-LCD 'flat panel' displays and advanced packaging applications (such as wafer-level packaging / solder bump patterning).
Because of its ability to dissolve many kinds of compounds, DMSO plays a role in sample management and high-throughput screening operations in drug design.
It is added to the PCR mix before reacting, where it interferes with the self-complementarity of the DNA, minimizing interfering reactions.
DMSO in a PCR reaction is applicable for supercoiled plasmids (to relax before amplification) or DNA templates with high GC-content (to decrease thermostability).
DMSO may also be used as a cryoprotectant, added to cell media to reduce ice formation and thereby prevent cell death during the freezing process.
Approximately 10% may be used with a slow-freeze method, and the cells may be frozen at or stored in liquid nitrogen safely.
Use of DMSO in medicine dates from around 1963, when an Oregon Health & Science University Medical School team, headed by Stanley Jacob, discovered it could penetrate the skin and other membranes without damaging them and could carry other compounds into a biological system.
In medicine, DMSO is predominantly used as a topical analgesic, a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals, as an anti-inflammatory, and an antioxidant.
Because DMSO increases the rate of absorption of some compounds through biological tissues, including skin, it is used in some transdermal drug delivery systems.
DMSO has been examined for the treatment of numerous conditions and ailments, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its use only for the symptomatic relief of patients with interstitial cystitis.
A 1978 study concluded that DMSO brought significant relief to the majority of the 213 patients with inflammatory genitourinary disorders that were studied.
The authors recommended DMSO for genitourinary inflammatory conditions not caused by infection or tumor in which symptoms were severe or patients failed to respond to conventional therapy.
A gel containing DMSO, dexpanthenol, and heparin, is sold in Germany and eastern Europe (commercialized under the Dolobene brand) for topical use in sprains, tendinitis, and local inflammation.
In interventional radiology, DMSO is used as a solvent for ethylene vinyl alcohol in the Onyx liquid embolic agent, which is used in embolization, the therapeutic occlusion of blood vessels.
However, when a researcher is unaware of its pleiotropic effects, or when the control groups are not carefully planned, a bias can occur; an effect of DMSO can be falsely attributed to the drug.
For example, even a very low dose of DMSO has a powerful protective effect against paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced liver injury in mice.
In cryobiology DMSO has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve organs, tissues, and cell suspensions.
It is particularly important in the freezing and long-term storage of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, which are often frozen in a mixture of 10% DMSO, a freezing medium, and 30% fetal bovine serum.
However, DMSO is an ingredient in some products listed by the U.S. FDA as fake cancer cures and the FDA has had a running battle with distributors.
One such distributor is Mildred Miller, who promoted DMSO for a variety of disorders and was consequently convicted of Medicare fraud.
The use of DMSO as an alternative treatment for cancer is of particular concern, as it has been shown to interfere with a variety of chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin.
There is insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that DMSO has any effect, and most sources agree that its history of side effects when tested warrants caution when using it as a dietary supplement, for which it is marketed heavily with the usual disclaimer.
In the latter case, often, the intended function of the DMSO is as a solvent, to carry the other ingredients across the skin.
The perceived garlic taste upon skin contact with DMSO may be due to nonolfactory activation of TRPA1 receptors in trigeminal ganglia.
Unlike dimethyl and diallyl disulfide (also with odors resembling garlic), the mono- and tri- sulfides (typically with foul odors), and other similar structures, the pure chemical DMSO is odorless.
DMSO is a non-toxic solvent with a median lethal dose higher than ethanol (DMSO: LD, oral, rat, 14,500 mg/kg; ethanol: LD, oral, rat, 7,060 mg/kg).
In Australia, it is listed as a Schedule 4 (S4) Drug, and a company has been prosecuted for adding it to products as a preservative.
Nitrile gloves, which are very commonly used in chemical laboratories, may protect from brief contact but have been found to degrade rapidly with exposure to DMSO.
Clinical research using DMSO was halted and did not begin again until the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) published findings in favor of DMSO in 1972.
In 1980, the US Congress held hearings on claims that the FDA was slow in approving DMSO for other medical uses.
This neurotoxicity could be detected at doses as low as 0.3mL/kg, a level exceeded in children exposed to DMSO during bone marrow transplant.
DMSO disposed into sewers can also cause odor problems in municipal effluents: waste water bacteria transform DMSO under hypoxic (anoxic) conditions into dimethyl sulfide (DMS) that has a strong disagreeable odor, similar to rotten cabbage.
Dimethyl sulfoxide can produce an explosive reaction when exposed to acyl chlorides; at a low temperature, this reaction produces the oxidant for Swern oxidation.
A strong to explosive reaction also takes place in combination with halogen compounds, metal nitrides, metal perchlorates, sodium hydride, periodic acid and fluorinating agents.
The main colonies are located on North East Island, other colonies are established on Broughton Island as well as the rocky Western Chain.
The species is currently rated as vulnerable by the IUCN as its breeding range is restricted to one small island group.
However, Hutton lost his sample at sea, whilst drawing the bird with the assistance of penguin enthusiast Emile Campbell-Browne (1830-1925), before a full speciation could be identified.
Hutton married Annie Gouger Montgomerie in 1863, and resigned his commission in 1866 to travel with his wife and two children to New Zealand, where four more children would follow.
They lived initially in Waikato, where Hutton tried his hand at flax milling, but he soon changed back to geology, joining the Geological Survey of New Zealand in 1866 and becoming Provincial Geologist of Otago in 1874.
At the same time, he was made lecturer in geology at the University of Otago and curator of the museum there along with Emile Campbell-Browne, the first to classify the species variant eudyptes Emilus Cambellium Brownicus 1875.
Hutton became professor of biology at Canterbury College in 1880, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1892.
Towards the end of his life, Hutton was made president of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union and the New Zealand Institute.
The Snares penguin is similarly coloured to other species of penguins, having a black head, back and flippers with a white belly.
A bright-yellow crest, beginning at the base of the bill, runs along the upper part of the head on both sides and ends at the back of the head.
The eyes are generally described as a bright red-brown colour, but this colouration can vary somewhat between individuals and in different lighting.
The colour patterns under the wings differ from individual to individual, so it is not a good characteristic for species identification.
It is difficult to verbally describe these noises, but they range from hisses and explosive cries when threatened to rhythmical braying and trumpeting sounds that can be heard from long distances at sea.
Although little is known of their range and migration outside of the breeding season, it is not thought that they migrate far in the winters.
Occasional sitings have occurred on the coasts of Tasmania, southern Australia, the Chatham Islands, Stewart Island, and the southern New Zealand mainland.
To build a nest, the penguins dig up shallow holes in the ground and layer the bottom with grass, leaves, twigs, peat, or pebbles.
If a threat arose, it could quickly wipe out their population because their breeding grounds are confined to a small island group.
Possible threats include the introduction of a new predator, overfishing around the islands that would deplete their food source, increasing water temperatures from global warming driving prey away, and pollution.
One study found that about 60 percent of the mass of stomach contents from Snares penguins consisted of krill, 30 percent was fish, and about 10 percent was cephalopods.
The researchers concluded that the number of fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks indicated the importance of these types of prey to adult penguins while at sea.
Another study reports the diet consisting of about 55 percent krill, 24 percent fish, and 21 percent cephalopods, also suggesting that fish and cephalopods are more important prey types than the percentages of stomach composition indicate.
After shared incubation of eggs, males leave on two-week-long foraging trips, which has been found to be synchronised with spring plankton blooms, as they are reliable predictors of food sources.
Upon the return of the males, the females go on somewhat shorter foraging trips (less than a week), returning in time for the chicks to hatch.
Throughout the chick guard stage, the female is the lone provider of food performing short foraging trips (one to three days).
While male penguins performing long foraging trips reach depths of up to 120 m, chick rearing birds usually exhibit shallow pursuit diving strategies (average dive depths 20–40 m) to catch prey.
The breeding season of Snares penguins occurs in the summer of New Zealand, beginning in early September and ending in late January.
Hatching pattern and size-dimorphic eggs are two of the mechanisms by which birds can change their breeding pattern in response to environmental and breeding conditions.
In altricial birds, such as Snares penguins, egg-size variation and asynchronous hatching are adaptive mechanisms that may lead to brood reduction.
Egg incubation does not occur until both eggs have been laid, and they are usually incubated one in front of the other.
The smaller, first-laid egg is often placed in the anterior position for incubation, which is thought to be the less favourable location since they have lower and more variable temperatures during incubation.
Although the smaller, first egg receives less favourable incubation, it was found that egg-size dimorphism affects the hatching pattern in Snares penguins instead of egg incubation position.
Then the male leaves for an extended period (about 12 days) to forage for food, while the mother stays with the eggs.
For the first three weeks after hatching, the male guards the chicks from predators while the female searches for food, returning each day to feed her offspring.
The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Jubilee Class is a class of steam locomotive designed for main line passenger work.
The last five locomotives of Henry Fowler's Patriot class on order, 5552 to 5557, were built with William Stanier’s taper boiler and so became the first of the Jubilee class.
Until then, Jubilees were the largest express engine normally found on the lines running out of St Pancras or radiating from Derby.
In January 1951, the classification was revised to 6P; this was revised again to 6P5F in November 1955, but the latter change was not applied to the locomotives' cabsides, which continued to show 6P.
They were to have been a prototype for the rebuilding of the entire class but, in the end, the only Jubilees so to be treated.
Although built over only a three-year period the class had many variations due to improvements being made as they were built.
Four Jubilees have been preserved with two of them 45593 and 45596 being purchased directly from BR for preservation, the other two being rescued from Woodham Brothers.
Note: Marked names indicate that the loco is not presently wearing them & Loco numbers in bold mean their current number.
He has worked as the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, and Counselor of the United States Department of State.
He is the White Burkett Miller Professor of History at the University of Virginia and was American Academy in Berlin Axel Springer Fellow, in the fall of 2009.
from the University of Houston Law Center (where he was an editor of the law review), and a MALD and Ph.D. in international relations from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
He joined the United States Department of State through the standard examination process for the foreign service as a career civil servant.
As a Foreign Service Officer, he served overseas at the U.S. Mission to the conventional arms control talks in Vienna, at the State Department's 24-hour crisis center, and on the secretariat staff for Secretary of State George P. Shultz, during the second Reagan administration (1985–1989).
In 1989, in the George H. W. Bush administration, Zelikow was detailed to join the National Security Council, where he was involved as a senior White House staffer in the diplomacy surrounding the German reunification and the diplomatic settlements accompanying the end of the Cold War in Europe.
During the first Gulf War, he aided President Bush, National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft, and Secretary of State James Baker in diplomatic affairs related to the coalition.
From 1991 to 1998, he was Associate Professor of Public Policy and co-director of Harvard's Intelligence and Policy Program, at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.
In 1998, Zelikow moved to the University of Virginia, where until February 2005 he directed the nation's largest center on the American presidency.
He served as director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs and, as White Burkett Miller Professor of History, held an endowed chair.
The Center launched a project to transcribe and annotate the previously secret tapes made during the Kennedy, Nixon and Johnson presidencies.
In a presidential oral history project headed by James Sterling Young, it systematically gathers additional information on the presidencies of Reagan, George H.W.
Following an appointment at the Department of State from 2005 to 2007 during the Bush administration, Zelikow returned to academics at the University of Virginia.
After George W. Bush took office, Zelikow was named to a position on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board [PFIAB], and worked on other task forces and commissions as well.
He directed the bipartisan National Commission on Federal Election Reform, created after the 2000 election and chaired by former presidents Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, along with Lloyd Cutler and Bob Michel.
The Task Force comprises a diverse and bipartisan group of experienced policymakers, senior executives from the information technology industry, public interest advocates, and experts in privacy, intelligence, and national security.
The Markle Task Force seeks to inform the policy judgments and investments of the federal, state and local governments in the collection and use of information as it relates to national security.
The Task Force's reports and recommendations have been codified through two laws (IRPTA 2004 and the Implementing 9/11 Commission Report Act 2007) and several presidential directives.
Zelikow was appointed executive director of the 9/11 Commission (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States), whose work included examination of the conduct of presidents Clinton and George W. Bush and their administrations prior to and on September 11, 2001.
Zelikow's prior involvement with the administration of George W. Bush led to opposition from the 9/11 Family Steering Committee, citing the obvious conflict of interest of having previously worked on the Bush transition team.
In response to the concerns, Zelikow had agreed to recuse himself from any investigation matters pertaining to the National Security Council's transition from the Clinton to Bush administrations, which Zelikow had helped manage.
After being informed of the Department of Defense's Able Danger project by U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Shaffer, he failed to have the 9/11 Commission investigate, despite the promise that the Commission would investigate all 9/11 related topics.
In 2005 and 2006 a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Rep. Curt Weldon, publicized Shaffer's allegations in public statements and hearings.
She thought the Bush administration needed something bolder, something that would represent a more dramatic break with the ideas of the past.
One criticism of this document, issued on September 17, 2002, is that it is supposed to have been a significant document in an alleged Bush administration doctrine of preemptive war.
However, in the drafting of this document Zelikow had opposed the proposed language using preemption in the context of how to deal with weapons of mass destruction.
Based on speeches and internal memos, some political analysts believe that Zelikow disagreed with aspects of the Bush administration's Middle Eastern policy.
In addition to the work on German unification, he has been significantly involved in contemporary scholarship on the Cuban Missile Crisis, including the relation between this crisis and the East-West confrontation over Berlin.
While at Harvard, he worked with Ernest R. May and Richard Neustadt on the use, and misuse, of history in policymaking.
Zelikow later helped found a research project to prepare and publish annotated transcripts of presidential recordings made secretly during the Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations (see WhiteHouseTapes.org) and another project to strengthen oral history work on more recent administrations, with both these projects based at the University of Virginia's Miller Center of Public Affairs.
In the United States, beliefs about the formation of the nation and the Constitution remain powerful today, as do beliefs about slavery and the Civil War.
It could involve loss of life and property unprecedented in peacetime and undermine America’s fundamental sense of security, as did the Soviet atomic bomb test in 1949.
The United States might respond with draconian measures scaling back civil liberties, allowing wider surveillance of citizens, detention of suspects and use of deadly force.
It currently breeds along the south-western coasts of New Zealand's South Island as well as on Stewart Island/Rakiura and its outlying islands.
This species is a medium-sized, yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin, growing to approximately long and weighing on average , with a weight range of .
Female Fiordland penguins lay a clutch of two eggs where the first-laid egg is much smaller than the second egg, generally hatches later, and shows higher mortality, demonstrating a brood reduction system that is unique from other avian groups.
It breeds along the shores the West Coast of the South Island south of about Bruce Bay and the Open Bay Islands, around Fiordland and Foveaux Strait, and on Stewart Island/Rakiura and its outlying islands.
Fossils of this species have been found as far north as the northern end of the South Island, and they probably once nested in the North Island as well.
Their range has been drastically reduced by hunting in Polynesian times, and they are now only found in the least-populated part of New Zealand.
Fiordland crested penguins are classed as vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN, and their status was changed from vulnerable to endangered by the Department of Conservation in 2013.
Surveys in the 1990s counted 2,500 pairs, though this was likely an underestimate; based on historic trends, the population is probably continuing to decline.
Beowawe ( ) is a small town, misnomered on the internet as a ghost town, in Eureka County in northeastern Nevada in the western United States.
A tall cross in the Beowawe cemetery commemorates the burial of Lucinda Duncan, a grandmother who died on the trail in 1863.
Workers building the Central Pacific Railroad first noted the grave along the Humboldt River, and in 1906, it was moved to the hillside cemetery when the Union Pacific realigned its tracks.
In 1909, a power plant was built but, like many ghost towns, the boom had ended by 1916 and many of the residents had moved on.
Currently, Beowawe is once again tied to energy production, the home to both a geothermal power plant and a large propane tank farm near the railroad.
Photos of hot springs and fumaroles – photos '9-67' (1931) and '9-56' (date unknown) – show hydrothermal activity prior to power-generation.
It is unknown if those smaller hydrothermal surface features are still active as of 2015, post-power plant development; field reconnaissance would be required to assess the activity of the hydrothermal features.
Photos '9-69' (close-up, date unknown) and '9-108' (distant, 1971) show the uncapped well that is not a natural geyser, which was active prior to power-production.
The man-made geyser at Beowawe in central Nevada is similar to Fly Geyser in northwestern Nevada in that both were artificially produced by geothermal drilling, but the former area was developed for clean energy production and the latter area was not.
Another striking difference between the localities is an aesthetic one: more travertine has precipitated from the hydrothermal fluids at Fly Geyser than at Beowawe, generating spectacular mounds at Fly Geyser's uncapped wellhead, thus suggesting dissimilar water chemistry between the two geothermal systems.
The engine is not only able to power a jet aircraft forward, but also to direct thrust downwards via swivelling nozzles.
The Pegasus was also the planned engine for a number of aircraft projects, among which were the prototypes of the German Dornier Do 31 VSTOL military transport project.
This thrust would come from four centrifugal blowers shaft driven by a Bristol Orion turboprop, the exhaust from each blower being vectored by rotating the blower scrolls.
As a result, an engineer at Bristol Engine Company, Gordon Lewis, began in 1956 to study alternative engine concepts, where possible, existing engine components from the Orpheus and Olympus engine series.
One concept which looked promising was the BE52, which initially used the Orpheus 3 as the engine core and, on a separate coaxial shaft, the first two stages of an Olympus 21 LP compressor, which acted as a fan, delivering compressed air to two thrust vectoring nozzles at the front of engine.
The Olympus stages now supercharged the Orpheus core, improving the overall pressure ratio, creating what is now considered a conventional turbofan configuration.
However, in May 1957 the team received a supportive letter from Sydney Camm of Hawker Aviation They were looking for a Hawker Hunter replacement.
The aircraft designer, Ralph Hooper, suggested having the four thrust vectoring nozzles (originally suggested by Lewis), with hot gases from the rear two.
The 1957 Defence White Paper, which focused on missiles, and not manned aircraft – which were declared 'obsolete' - was not good news, because it precluded any future government financial support for development of not already extant manned combat aircraft.
Fortunately, engine development was financially supported to the tune of 75% from the Mutual Weapons Development Program, Verdon Smith of Bristol Siddeley Engines Limited (BSEL), which Bristol Engines had by then become on its merger with Armstrong Siddeley, quickly agreeing to pay the remainder.
The first prototype engine (one of two BE53/2s built), ran on 2 September 1959 and featured a 2-stage fan and used the Orpheus 6 core.
The Pegasus 5 was also used in the Kestrel, a refinement of the P.1127, of which nine were built for a Tripartite evaluation exercise.
By the time the Pegasus 5/2 was built, both the fan and HP compressor had been zero-staged and 2nd stage added to the HP turbine.
It was originally feared that the aircraft would have difficulty transitioning between level and vertical flight, but during testing it was found to be extremely simple.
Testing showed that because of the extreme power to weight ratio it only took a few degrees of nozzle movement to get the aircraft moving forward quickly enough to produce lift from the wing, and that even at a 15 degree angle the aircraft accelerated very well.
During transition from horizontal back to vertical the pilot would simply slow to roughly 200 knots and turn the nozzles downward, allowing the engine thrust to take over as the aircraft slowed and the wings stopped producing lift.
Series manufacture and design and development improvement to the Pegasus to produce ever higher thrusts were continued by Bristol engines beyond 1966, when Rolls-Royce Ltd bought the Company.
A related engine design, the 39,500 lbf (with reheat) Bristol Siddeley BS100 for a supersonic VTOL fighter (the Hawker Siddeley P.1154) was not developed to production as the aircraft project was cancelled in 1965.
To date, 1,347 engines have been produced and two million operating hours have been logged with the Harriers of the Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and the navies of India, Italy, Spain and Thailand.
A non-vectored 26,000 lb thrust derivative of the Pegasus running on liquid hydrogen, the RB.420, was designed and offered in 1970 in response to a NASA requirement for an engine to power the projected Space Shuttle on its return flight through the atmosphere.
The Pegasus vectored-thrust turbofan is a two-shaft design featuring three low pressure (LP) and eight high pressure (HP) compressor stages driven by two LP and two HP turbine stages respectively.
Unusually the LP and HP spools rotate in opposite directions to greatly reduce the gyroscopic effects which would otherwise hamper low speed handling.
LP and HP fan blading is titanium, the LP fan blades operating in the partly supersonic region, and airflow is 432 lb/s.
The engine employs a simple thrust vectoring system that uses four swiveling nozzles, giving the Harrier thrust both for lift and forward propulsion, allowing for STOVL flight.
The front two nozzles, which are made of steel, are fed with air from the LP compressor, the rear nozzles, which are of Nimonic with hot (650 °C) jet exhaust.
This is achieved by using a pair of air motors fed from the HP (high pressure) compressor, in a fail over configuration, pairs of nozzles connected with, surprisingly, motor-cycle chains.
The Pegasus was also the first turbofan engine to have the initial compressor fan, the zero stage, ahead of the front bearing.
The engine is mounted in the centre of the Harrier and as a result it was necessary to remove the wing to change the powerplant after mounting the fuselage on trestles.
The change took a minimum of eight hours, although using the proper tools and lifting equipment this could be accomplished in less than four.
The maximum take-off thrust available from the Pegasus engine is limited, particularly at the higher ambient temperatures, by the turbine blade temperature.
To enable the engine speed and hence thrust to be increased for take-off, water is sprayed into the combustion chamber and turbine to keep the blade temperature down to an acceptable level.
Water for the injection system is contained in a tank located between the bifurcated section of the rear (hot) exhaust duct.
Water flow rate for the required turbine temperature reduction is approximately 35gpm (imperial gallons per minute) for a maximum duration of approximately 90 seconds.
Selection of water injection engine ratings (Lift Wet/Short Lift Wet) results in an increase in the engine speed and jet pipe temperature limits beyond the respective dry (non-injected) ratings (Lift Dry/Short Lift Dry).
(Mk.105 / Mk.106) The 11-21 was developed for the second generation Harriers, the USMC AV-8B Harrier II and the BAE Harrier IIs.
continuous at 91% RPM) and (15 s wet at 107% RPM) of lift is available at sea level (including splay loss at 90°).
Eismitte, in English also called Mid-Ice, was the site of an Arctic expedition in the interior of Greenland that took place from July 1930 through August 1931, and claimed the life of noted German scientist Alfred Wegener.
The coldest temperature recorded during the expedition was −64.8 °C (−84.6 °F) on March 20, 1931, while the warmest temperature noted was −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) on July 9, 1931.
For the 12-month period beginning August 1, 1930 and ending August 5, 1931, the warmest month, July, had a mean monthly temperature of −12.2 °C (10 °F), while the coldest month, February, averaged −47.2 °C (−53 °F).
Over the same period a total of 110 millimeters (4.33 inches) of water-equivalent precipitation was recorded, with most of it, rather surprisingly, being received in winter.
At the latitude of the camp, the sun does not set between May 13 and July 30 each year, and does not rise between November 23 and January 20.
Ernst Sorge was a member of the Alfred Wegener Expedition to Eismitte in central Greenland from July 1930 to August 1931.
He hand-dug a 15 m deep pit adjacent to his beneath-the-surface snow cave, which served as his living quarters during his seven-month-long wintering-over stint.
After meticulous examination of the structural features and careful measurement of continuous density and other physical properties within the pit profile, Sorge determined the characteristics of the individual limits of annual snow accumulation.
This research validated the feasibility of measuring the preserved annual snow accumulation cycles, like measuring frozen precipitation in a rain gauge.
Eismitte is one of the coldest locations in the Northern Hemisphere, with an annual mean temperature of having been recorded during the period of the expedition.
They capture the ship, but upon boarding it, they find it full, not of silver as they had expected, but of gold.
Believing the Duke plans to cheat the Cabal in the investment, they sail to Egypt and transport the gold over land to Cairo.
In Cairo the Cabal negotiates with d'Arcachon's men for a meeting with the duc himself; as an inducement for this meeting they offer to hand over Jack.
Realizing that they are no longer welcome in any European port, they carry the gold to India, where they are captured by a pirate queen who takes the gold.
A year later, Jack reunites with a few members of the Cabal and conceives a plan to carry goods through a route that no traders can use because it is controlled by armies of plunderers.
For this role in opening up the trade route, Jack is rewarded with a temporary, three-year kingship over an impoverished part of India.
During his reign, Jack directs the construction of a ship made of durable teak wood, using funds invested by the pirate queen who had seized the Cabal's gold, and Sophie, Electress of Hanover.
Jack, another member of the Cabal, and de Ath are imprisoned and tortured by the Spanish Inquisition but are able to buy their way out with silver that they got in trade for mercury.
The letter had been faked by Edmund de Ath, actually Édouard de Gex in disguise, who had been working with Vrej, one of the Cabal members, who believed his family had been wronged by Jack.
The duc had planned to imprison Jack for the rest of his life, but the King of France Louis XIV frees him in order to enlist his help in sacking the Tower of London (and thereby England's mint) in order to cripple the enemy country's economy.
Eliza has been captured by Jean Bart in an attempt to escape to England, and is confined to a house in Dunkerque.
Under blackmail by d'Avaux, Eliza concedes in indefinitely loaning the vast fortune she has earned through trade in Amsterdam to fund the King's war efforts.
Her loss of fortune forces Eliza to return to court life, where she learns that the duc d'Arcachon was the man who had enslaved her and her mother from the isle of Qwghlm.
After the marriage, however, Eliza's illegitimate child with Rossignol is kidnapped under the orders of Lothar von Hacklheber in order to maintain leverage over her.
The invasion is ultimately called off in the aftermath of the Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue, but Eliza's manipulations succeed at making her wealthier than ever, while bringing the house of Hacklheber to its knees.
The story refocuses on Bob Shaftoe, as he and the Black Torrent Guard participate in William III's campaign against James II in Ireland.
The second half of the book follows the lives of Eliza, Leibniz, Newton, Waterhouse, and Sophia Charlotte over the next 10 years.
She meets her old friend Princess Eleanor, who was exiled to a dower-house by her second husband, John George IV; she pays him back by infecting him with smallpox as well, and he turns out not to be as lucky.
Caroline turns out to be a bright girl with an interest in natural sciences and she soon forms a friendship with Leibniz.
The story ends in 1702 with Eliza a wealthy duchess of Arcachon and Qwghlm and a widow, Newton at the head of the London Mint, Waterhouse having made the decision to move to Massachusetts and to work on his Logic Mill away from European distractions, Sophia Charlotte the queen of the newly formed Kingdom of Prussia, and Leibniz the president of Prussian Academy of Sciences.
The book focuses a lot on bankers, the mining of gold and silver in the new world, and the idea of breaking free from precious metals into the use of Money.
He particularly explores the amount of excess involved in period governments and the financial system as well as the upper classes.
The GHF, along with the Ghanaian army (GA) and Ghanaian navy (GN), make up the Ghanaian Armed Forces (GAF) which are controlled by the Ghanaian Ministry of Defence (MoD).
Later that year a headquarters was established in Accra under the command of Indian Air commodore Jaswant Singh who was appointed as the first Chief of Air Staff (CAS).
In 1960 Royal Air Force personnel took up the task of training the newly established Ghana Air Force and in 1961 they were joined by a small group of Royal Canadian Air Force personnel.
In September 1961 as part of President Kwame Nkrumah's Africanization program, a Ghanaian CAS was appointed, with the first being J.E.S.
The Ghana Air Force was in the beginning equipped with a squadron of Chipmunk trainers, and squadrons of Beavers, Otters and Caribou transport aircraft.
In addition a DH125 jet was bought for Kwame Nkrumah, Hughes helicopters were bought for mosquito spraying plus DH Doves and Herons.
In 1962 the national School of Gliding was set up by Hanna Reitsch, who was once Adolf Hitler's top personal pilot.
GHF Air Force Station, Sekondi-Takoradi, started as RAF Station Takoradi, then it became Ghana Air Force Station, Sekondi-Takoradi, on 1 March 1961.
The GHF Air Force station, Accra, came into being soon after the Royal Air Force (RAF) had taken over the administration from the Indian and Israeli Air Force officers at the beginning of 1961.
The Ghana Air Force is also responsible for the co-ordination and direction of Search and Rescue (SAR) within the Accra Flight Information Region.
It saw widespread use for training British Commonwealth aircrews in navigation, radio-operating, bombing and gunnery roles throughout the Second World War.
The Oxford was developed by Airspeed during the 1930s in response to a requirement for a capable trainer aircraft that conformed with Specification T.23/36, which had been issued by the British Air Ministry.
Performing its maiden flight on 19 June 1937, it was quickly put into production as part of a rapid expansion of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in anticipation of a large-scale conflict.
As a consequence of the outbreak of war, many thousands of Oxfords would be ordered by Britain and its allies, including Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, Poland, and the United States.
Following the end of the conflict, the Oxford continued to achieve export sales for some time, equipping the newly formed air forces of Egypt, India, Israel, and Yugoslavia.
During the 1930s, a major expansion of the Royal Air Force (RAF) had been directed by the British government, which led to the formulation and issuing of a number of operational requirements by the Air Ministry.
One of these was Operational Requirement 42 (OR.42), which sought an advanced training aircraft to be specifically used by aircrews destined to serve on bomber aircraft.
As the RAF was in the process of migrating from biplanes to monoplanes, which were capable of greater speeds and had more demanding flight characteristics, a suitable trainer was needed to match this step change.
At one point, the Avro Anson was considered for the role, however, it was thought that an aircraft more difficult to fly would be necessary.
Accordingly, on 10 July 1936, Specification T.23/36 was issued to Airspeed for the development of a twin-engined training aircraft to meet OR.42.
Developed to meet the requirements of Specification T.23/36 by Airspeed, the Oxford was based on the company's existing commercial 8-seater aircraft, the AS.6 Envoy, designed by Hessell Tiltman.
Airspeed gained substantial benefit from its prior work on the Envoy and the Convertible Envoy in its development of the Oxford.
It was decided to opt for a large first batch, totalling 136 aircraft, as this allowed for the implementation of more economical flow-line production at Airspeed's Portsmouth factory.
Initially, two variants were planned; the Mark I, which was viewed as a general-purpose training aircraft equipped with a dorsal gun turret, and the Mark II, which lacked any turret but was instead fitted with dual controls.
As further large contracts for the aircraft were placed with Airspeed, (100 Mk Is and 100 Mk IIs) it was arranged that de Havilland Aircraft would build them at Hatfield later, to meet the demands for Oxfords for training.
Of these, 4,411 had been produced by Airspeed at its Portsmouth factory, another 550 at the Airspeed-run shadow factory at Christchurch, Dorset, 1,515 by de Havilland at Hatfield, 1,360 by Percival Aircraft at Luton and 750 by Standard Motors at Coventry.
The Oxford was a low-wing twin-engine cantilever monoplane, featuring a semi-monocoque constructed fuselage, a conventional landing gear configuration and a wooden tail unit.
It was specifically developed to be suitable for a range of training missions, including navigation, flying instruction, night flying, instrument flying, wireless, direction-finding, gunnery, and vertical photography.
The Oxford was specifically planned and developed to incorporate various modern innovations and equipment fittings, including a full array of instruments and controls within the cockpit, which assisted in its principal trainer role.
In addition, the Oxford could also be used in various secondary roles, such as an air ambulance and maritime patrol aircraft.
In terms of flying experience, the Oxford was suitably representative as to enable pilots to migrate onto larger transport aircraft with ease while possessing smooth flight characteristics.
The controls were relatively straightforward, typically remaining consistent and easily adjustable; the second pilot's position is also provided with a fully furnished suite of key flight instrumentation.
Life support equipment includes three oxygen regulators, a flowmeter, three bayonet unions and three high-pressure oxygen cylinders of 750 litres capacity.
The external view of the cockpit was considered to be very high for the era, superior to the majority of its contemporaries, but is unavoidably interrupted by the engine cowlings acting as blind spots.
It was normally operated by a three-man crew; the seating arrangement could be altered in order to suit various purposes, such as to better enable a specific training role.
The cockpit was outfitted with dual flying controls and a pair of seats, intended to accommodate a pilot and either a navigator or second pilot alongside.
When used for bomb aimer training, the second set of controls would be removed and the freed-up space was instead used to accommodate a prone bomb-aimer.
When used as a navigation trainer, the second seat was pushed back so that it would line up with the chart table.
On the Oxford I, a dorsal turret was located amidships; it could be used for training navigators, bomb-aimers, wireless operators, air gunners and camera operators.
The Oxford was normally powered by a pair of Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah X air-cooled radial engines, capable of generating 340 hp.
These were initially outfitted with wooden fixed-position de Havilland-built propellers, but had been designed from the onset to accommodate variable-pitch propellers when these became available.
The starboard engine drives a hydraulic pump and air compressor, the former being used to actuate the undercarriage and flaps while the latter is used for the braking system; a vacuum pump is also present for the gyroscopic instrumentations.
The engine cowling features an inlet that draws cooling air into a tank; a pair of tinned steel oil tanks are also contained within the cowling.
Welded steel construction was used for the nacelles, which attach to the centre section of the wing at four separate rubber-insulated joints.
The retractable undercarriage of the Oxford was internally designed, featuring broken-braced twin oleo legs that retract rearward into each engine nacelle.
Although actuation of the retraction mechanism is normally achieved via an engine-driven pump, a manual fall-back mechanism is provided to force the wheels down in the event of an in-flight engine failure.
For inspection purposes, access panels are located beneath the pilot's cockpit for internal access to the flight controls, hydraulics and electrical components; inspection panels are also present in the outer wing sections.
It is constructed in two sections on separate jigs, divided between the front and rear, these are joined together at the rear bulkhead.
The forward bulkhead is deliberately reinforced so that the structure is capable of withstanding the impact of the aircraft turning over during landing in the hands of an unfortunate trainee pilot.
The spars are assembled upon a single jig, while others are used for the elements of the leading edge and trailing edge.
The Oxford (nicknamed the 'Ox-box') was used to prepare complete aircrews for RAF Bomber Command and could simultaneously train pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, gunners and radio operators on the same flight.
In addition to training duties, Oxfords were used in communications and anti-submarine roles and as air ambulances in the Middle East.
The Oxford was the preferred trainer for the Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS) and British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), which sent thousands of potential aircrew to Canada for training.
27 Oxfords were on the strength of No 4 Flying Training School RAF Habbaniya, Iraq in early 1941 and some were converted locally, for use as light bombers to help in the defence of the School against Iraqi forces.
A few Oxfords were acquired by the Hellenic Air Force and used by the 335th Squadron during the Greek Civil War.
Oxfords continued to serve the Royal Air Force as trainers and light transports until the last was withdrawn from service in 1956.
Most Oxfords in the UK were equipped with a knotted rope from the pilot's seat to the rear door to assist evacuation should the plane inadvertently be put into a spin, which it was almost impossible to recover from.
When the pilot(s) released their seat belts centripetal force would hurl them to the rear of the plane, beyond the exit door, from which it was impossible to crawl forward to the door.
When no recovery happened no matter what was tried the four released their harness and were hurled to the rear of their plane and there remained helpless as the spiral descent continued.
The plane was in such a flat spin when it reached the ground that it skidded sideways over the surface of a field until the tail section hit a haystack and broke off.
From November 1940, the Royal Australian Air Force received 391 Oxford I and IIs from RAF contracts for use in Australia.
Issued to the Central Flying School, they were later joined by large numbers of RAF aircraft to equip the Service Flying Training Schools.
New Zealand was one of the first nations to order the Oxford in 1937 with a contract for five Oxford Is; the fifth aircraft was modified as a survey aircraft.
With the start of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan a further 140 aircraft were allocated, which included the last batch of 30 ordered.
As part of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, the South African Air Force was allocated nearly 700 Oxfords which started to arrive in South Africa from November 1940.
Most were used as general-purpose communications aircraft in the United Kingdom; from June 1942 they were also used for Beam Approach training.
The Douglas X-3 Stiletto was a 1950s United States experimental jet aircraft with a slender fuselage and a long tapered nose, manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company.
Its primary mission was to investigate the design features of an aircraft suitable for sustained supersonic speeds, which included the first use of titanium in major airframe components.
Douglas designed the X-3 with the goal of a maximum speed of approximately 2,000 m.p.h, but it was, however, seriously underpowered for this purpose and could not even exceed Mach 1 in level flight.
Although the research aircraft was a disappointment, Lockheed designers used data from the X-3 tests for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which used a similar trapezoidal wing design in a successful Mach 2 fighter.
The Douglas X-3 Stiletto was the sleekest of the early experimental aircraft, but its research accomplishments were not those originally planned.
It was originally intended for advanced Mach 2 turbojet propulsion testing, but it fell largely into the category of configuration explorers, as its performance (due to inadequate engines) never met its original performance goals.
The goal of the aircraft was ambitious—it was to take off from the ground under its own power, climb to high altitude, maintain a sustained cruise speed of Mach 2, then land under its own power.
The design of the Douglas X-3 Stiletto is the subject of U.S. Design Patent #172,588 granted on July 13, 1954 to Frank N. Fleming and Harold T. Luskin and assigned to the Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc.
During development, the X-3's planned Westinghouse J46 engines were unable to meet the thrust, size and weight requirements, so lower-thrust Westinghouse J34 turbojets were substituted, producing only of thrust with afterburner rather than the planned .
The aim was to create the thinnest and most slender shape possible in order to achieve low drag at supersonic speeds.
The low aspect ratio, unswept wings were designed for high speed and later the Lockheed design team used data from the X-3 tests for the similar F-104 Starfighter wing design.
Due to both engine and airframe problems, the partially completed second aircraft was cancelled, and its components were used for spare parts.
During a high-speed taxi test, Bridgeman lifted the X-3 off the ground and flew it about one mile (1.6 km) before settling back onto the lakebed.
With the completion of the contractor test program in December 1953, the X-3 was delivered to the United States Air Force.
The poor performance of the X-3 meant only an abbreviated program would be made, to gain experience with low aspect ratio wings.
With the last flight by Yeager in July 1954, NACA made plans for a limited series of research flights with the X-3.
NACA pilot Joseph A. Walker made his pilot checkout flight in the X-3 on 23 August 1954, then conducted eight research flights in September and October.
The mass of its engines, fuel and structure was concentrated in its long, narrow fuselage, while its wings were short and stubby.
The aircraft was grounded for nearly a year after the flight, and never again explored its roll stability and control boundaries.
Although the X-3 never met its intention of providing aerodynamic data in Mach 2 cruise, its short service was of value.
Its small, highly loaded unswept wing was used in the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, and it was one of the first aircraft to use titanium.
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase (positive acute-phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute-phase proteins) in response to inflammation.
In response to injury, local inflammatory cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages) secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notable of which are the interleukins IL1, and IL6, and TNFα.
TNF-α, IL-1β and INF-γ are important for the expression of inflammatory mediators such as prostagladins and leukotrienes and they also cause the production of platelet-activating factor and IL-6.
Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin.
Also, some products of the coagulation system can contribute to the innate immune system by their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells.
Theoretically, a decrease in transferrin could additionally be decreased by an upregulation of transferrin receptors, but the latter does not appear to change with inflammation.
While the production of C3 (a complement factor) increases in the liver, the plasma concentration often lowers because of an increased turn-over, therefore it is often seen as a negative acute-phase protein.
This is due to the ESR being largely dependent on elevation of fibrinogen, an acute phase reactant with a half-life of approximately one week.
In contrast, C-reactive protein (with a half-life of 6–8 hours) rises rapidly and can quickly return to within the normal range if treatment is employed.
For example, in active systemic lupus erythematosus, one may find a raised ESR but normal C-reactive protein.They may also indicate liver failure.
The Guardian Children's Fiction Prize or Guardian Award is a literary award that annually recognises one fiction book written for children or young adults (at least age eight) and published in the United Kingdom.
The shortlist of no more than four books and the winner are selected by three children's fiction writers, almost always including the latest winner.
The newspaper's children's book editor Julia Eccleshare (at least since 2000) participates in selection of the longlist and thereafter chairs the panel of final judges.
In recent years there is a longlist of eight books announced May or June, a shortlist of no more than four announced in September, and a single winner.
The U.K. publishers of eligible books must enter them for the prize with a fee, although the chair may call for submission.
The publication year is August to July of the current year, but May, June, and July books must be submitted in advance.
Torday was inspired to write books by the success of his father, Paul Torday (1946–2013), whose first book was published in 2006 when he was 59 years old.
Stead became the first winning writer from outside the British Commonwealth in the second year that all new children's books published in Britain were eligible.
At the same time, a summer program was inaugurated, using the newspaper's educational website and featuring a longlist announced in July.
(2001 longlist) A version of the ongoing Young Critics contest was inaugurated in 2002 and the program has expanded since then to include online discussion and author interviews and appearances.
Meanwhile, announcement of the longlist has advanced to late May or early June and announcement of the winner has retreated to November.
Routinely, eligible books are entered for the prize by their UK publishers, as many as ten books each (2000) although chair Eccleshare may call for particular submissions.
As of 2012, the fee is 25 pounds and one copy of the book; at an intermediate stage, 24 copies of any book under consideration.
Six books have won both the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize and the Carnegie Medal (inaugurated 1936), which annually recognizes an outstanding book for children or young adults.
It genuinely has equal, though different, appeal to all readers – 15-year-old Christopher Boone's narrative voice is at once childlike in its observations, and adult in its profundity.
Ten years later there are dual competitions for children 17 and younger, one for individuals and one for teams of at least four schoolmates.
Beside the competition there is a summer book club that features one longlist book each week, with author interviews and discussion.
Bold and hash (#) mark the winner, plus (+) marks the rest of the shortlist, and dash (–) marks the rest of the longlist.
Stead was the first American winner of the Prize, which was opened to writers from outside the British Commonwealth in 2012.
The longlist was inaugurated July 2001 as the program was rescheduled to conclude in the fall (October) rather than the spring (March).
Through year 2000 the award covered books published during the preceding calendar year and the shortlist was the only official distinction other than the Prize itself.
APT continues to distribute a wide variety of public television programs nationally, as well as the Create and World public TV multicast channels.
APT distributes more than 300 new program titles per year, including documentaries, talk shows, music performance content, dramatic and comedic series, how-to programs, children's series and classic movies.
First introduced in late 1999, Fastpass, FastPass+, and MaxPass allow guests to avoid long lines at the attractions on which the system is installed, freeing them to partake of other attractions during their wait.
On August 30, 2007, the Walt Disney Company filed a patent for using SMS as a way to get and use Fastpasses in the park.
The patent indicated that guests staying at Disney hotels would be allowed to make early reservations for attractions using their in-room television.
FastPass+ allows guests to reserve and plan a visit to a Disney Park in advance for select FastPass+ attractions, Character Greetings, entertainment, and viewing areas for parades and fireworks.
Currently guests staying at an onsite Disney resort can make reservations up to 60 days in advance while all other guests can schedule reservations up to 30 days in advance, assuming tickets are linked to their account.
If a Passholder is staying at a Disney resort onsite, they have 60 days to make reservations for the entire length of the stay.
Guests are restricted in the combination of attractions they are able to reserve in these parks to ensure better reservation availability for others at the parks' most popular attractions.
Guests may make a further reservation via an in-park kiosk or the My Disney Experience app after they have used their initial three selections subject to availability.
They may continue to make further reservations after using each reservation, until all reservation slots have been allocated for the day.
It is the first virtual queue system from Disney that is not free, costing /day or $75/year upon launch in 2017.
The system allows users to receive a Fastpass return time on their smartphone through the Disneyland mobile app when they are inside the parks.
Throughout the summer of 2011–2012, dubbed Disney Soundsational Summer, guests staying at any of the three hotels of the Disneyland Resort received two complimentary Fastpasses per person.
These passes allowed guests to enter the Fastpass line of any Fastpass attraction (plus , which does not otherwise offer Fastpass) at any time they chose, similar to the Dream Fastpass.
Guests who stay in the Disneyland Hotel or in club-level accommodations at Disneyland Resort Paris hotels receive an untimed single-use Fastpass voucher for each day of their stays, usable any time except between 13:00 and 16:00.
Guests in Castle Club accommodations at the Disneyland Hotel or suites in any hotel instead receive a VIP Fastpass, which can be used repeatedly for the full length of stay with no time restrictions.
Sir Henry Fowler, (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was an English railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the Midland Railway and subsequently the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
He was educated at Prince Henry's Grammar School, Evesham (now Prince Henry's High School, Evesham), and at Mason Science College (which became the University of Birmingham) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied metallurgy.
Between 1895 and 1900 he was gas engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the Midland Railway (MR).
In 1908, following a visit to Sheffield, he is accredited with the formation of the Midland Railway Engineering Club which is now called the Derby Railway Engineering Society.
During the First World War he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being director of production from 1915 to 1917 and then assistant director general of aircraft production.
In 1919, Fowler was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his contributions to the war effort.
In 1923 on the Grouping, he was appointed deputy CME of the newly formed London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), under George Hughes and became CME in October 1925.
Various Midland standard types were built by the LMS, including the 4P Midland Compound 4-4-0, the 2P 4-4-0, the 4F 0-6-0, and the 3F 0-6-0T.
The small engine policy resulted in frequent double-heading, as the locomotives were not powerful enough to cope with loads, and thus increased expense.
Standardisation also left these standard locomotives with short-travel valves and small axle boxes, the former leading to inefficiency and the latter to frequent hot axle boxes.
In another departure from the small engine policy, several 2-6-0+0-6-2 Beyer-Garratts were acquired for the Toton-Brent coal trains but interference from Derby saw these receive standard small axle-boxes and short-travel valves with the result that they were poor performers.
An analogy may be made with his successor Sir William Stanier's Princess Coronation (Duchess) class, which was largely designed by LMS draughtsmen while Stanier was out of the country, although Stanier was more deeply involved in other designs during his tenure.
Fowler retired in 1933, Ernest Lemon initially taking over as CME for a short period before William Stanier was head-hunted into the job from the Great Western Railway.
3AK is the call sign of SEN 1116, and earlier the on-air name of a former Melbourne talk-back radio and music station, which, in 2003, leased its licence to sports network SEN 1116.
The station's call-sign came from the name of its operating company, the Akron Broadcasting Co. Pty Ltd (a subsidiary of the Akron Tyre Co, a company that was wound up in 2016).
At the time of its formation there were three types of broadcasters in Australia, A Class stations (most of which later evolved into the Australian Broadcasting Corporation); B Class stations, which are now known as commercial stations; amateurs.
There were also government plans for a set of C class stations which were intended to be used by businesses to exclusively advertise their products.
Akron and the Postmaster-General's Department had originally discussed the issuance of such a license, but in lieu, a B Class licence with a number of restrictions, was issued to Akron.
3AK originally broadcast from 11.30 pm to 2.00 am daily; 5.00 to 7.00 am Monday-Saturday; 1.00 to 2.00 pm Saturday; 12.30 to 2.30 pm Sunday.
3AK also had limited power, which although frequently altered was usually about 20% of that given to other B Class stations in Melbourne.
3AK's wavelength of 1500 KC could also be seen as a third limiting factor - it was at the very end of most contemporary radio dials; there were still some radio sets that were unable to receive it.
These were provided free of charge by a number of progressive Melbourne music teachers who believed that radio would help promote both them and their students.
Ltd., a name that persisted throughout many major changes of management and was still being used as late as the 1980s.
A listing of all Melbourne radio announcers published in February 1936 shows that George Palmer gave himself announcing duties, as well as managing the station.
In 1937 3AK was allowed to extend its hours of broadcast to 11.30 pm-7.00 am, however the station still closed at 3.00 am on Sundays.
It still broadcast for three hours on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, even though amateurs were no longer permitted to do so after 1939.
Because of 3AK's low power, 2BS was given the same wavelength (1500 kHz) and, within a few years, both stations suffered from interference during the few hours when they were simultaneously on the air.
Although a controversial character, Andrew had been a pioneer broadcaster at 3LO, commencing there in 1925 before going to 3UZ and then 2UW and a few other stations.
In the 1930s, the Postmaster General gave one station in the Canberra, Sydney, Brisbane and Adelaide markets a licence to broadcast 24 hours a day.
Because 3AK broadcast at night, Melbourne did not get any such 24-hour licences until as late as 1 February 1954 when 3UZ, 3DB and 3XY all began continuous broadcasting.
By the 1950s it had again been resited and was to be found in the upper storey of a bank in Grey Street, St. Kilda.
In the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s 3AK provided an alternative to country radio, then the accepted place to commence a broadcasting career, many of 3AK's early staff going on to become well known at major stations, e.g.
Due to its poor financial situation, 3AK is believed to have devised a novel system of getting its news – the station had a rope dangling from their studio into the adjoining lane-way and the first newspaper firm to tie their morning edition onto the rope had it read on air.
At this stage, both the Directors, the station's manager, Vernon Margetts and the studio manager, Ray Benn, held conservative Christian beliefs that were reflected in 3AK's program schedule.
For many years, 3AK management had been lobbying the Postmaster General's Department and, then, the Australian Broadcasting Control Board for an increase to its permitted broadcasting hours.
Eventually, 3AK was allowed to broadcast during those daylight hours when it was thought that it would not interfere with transmissions from 2BS.
However, 2BS still experienced difficulties during the summer, and so, for 4 or 5 months per year, 3AK could not broadcast until 7.00 am, and had to close as early as 5.00 pm.
Until the introduction of television in Australia in 1956, the peak hours for any radio station were 7.00 pm-10.00 pm, so 3AK was never able to take advantage of this peak listening period.
In the early 1960s Australian Consolidated Press, owned by the Packer family, took over both television station GTV-9 and, a little later, 3AK.
Therefore, overnight, 3AK changed from a station with a young and virtually unknown announcing staff, to one featuring some of Australia's best-known television personalities, including Philip Brady, Geoff Corke, Tommy Hanlon Jr., Geoff Hiscock, Graham Kennedy, Jack Little, Bert Newton, Eric Pearce, Brian Taylor, Hal Todd, Geraldine Dillon, Eric Welch, Arthur Young, and Frank Zepter.
Despite his claim that he had always loved radio, his first job in the media was with GTV, as from 1958.
Arthur Young was also heard on 3AK at weekends - he was the leader of GTV-9's studio orchestra and presented a classical music program on 3AK.
(This was an era when commercial radio stations were easing out of broadcasting classical music, but a small amount of it was still usually considered de rigueur at weekends.
Former 3AK announcers (Ron Alderton, Terry Calder, Peter Cavanagh, John Print) were redeployed with the GTV organisation; only former Chief Announcer, Ron Alderton, retaining any on-air work at 3AK, albeit only at weekends.
Peter Cavanagh was to make a name for himself as a TV actor, particularly in a number of Hector Crawford Production's police dramas.
Technology in the form of a directional antenna (at 2BS) seemed to be the answer, but this small country station was deaf to ACP's continuous requests, leading to ACP's purchase of 2BS, allowing them to install such an antenna.
During this period, there was a head-on battle for the lucrative Top 40 market between 3XY (managed by Rod Muir) and Rhett Walker's 3AK.
The fact that 3XY won the battle is reflected in 3AK's rapid change from Top 40 to Beautiful music, a predecessor to today's Easy listening music format.
The new format paid dividends for 3AK as it took them to the top of the ratings where they remained for over a decade.
An interesting feature of the early days of 3AK's Beautiful Music format was that it stopped advertising the names of its on-air personalities, claiming that the format was important but not the announcers.
However, despite this successful transformation and solid ratings, another much more dramatic change took place early in the following year when the station went adult contemporary.
Ratings plummeted as rival station 3MP decided to pick up the Easy Listening concept and the relevant audience simply switched from 3AK to 3MP.
In 1986, after just one disastrous ratings period, 3AK and Sydney's 2UE embarked on a shared talk-back format called the CBC Network which featured selected Melbourne and Sydney based programs being broadcast across both stations.
Other programs being produced at the station were presented by well known local personalities such as Ernie Sigley, Wendy Harmer, Jane Clifton, Fabian Datner, David Lentin and Adam Joseph.
3AK was, of course, included in the deal, even though Bond made no secret of the fact that he wanted the TV stations but wasn't really interested in radio.
(Because of Bond's insecure financial position, in 1990 Kerry Packer was able to buy back the Nine Television Network for half of what he had sold it for.
In 1989 the Federal Government invited bids from all capital city AM commercial radio stations for a number of FM licences.
The two highest bidders were 3KZ with a record bid amongst all Australia-wide bidders of A$32 million, and 3AK with a bid of A$22 million.
Because of the dire financial position of Alan Bond (he was soon to be declared bankrupt), 3AK defaulted on the payment for its FM licence, which then went to the third highest Melbourne bidder, 3TT who paid only A$11 million.
In 1990 the station was sold to businessman Peter Corso who sacked most of its workforce in preparation to relaunch 3AK as Australia's first commercial Italian-language radio station.
Nevertheless, the station was not able to get out of its obligations to broadcast the football and, so, at 12 noon on Saturdays football was still broadcast, both during this transition period and for the rest of the season.
3AK continued to broadcast from within the GTV9 complex for about 12 months, before moving to new studios at West Melbourne.
At one stage, Corso contemplated moving away from the unsuccessful Italian format and was in talks with Bert Newton and his partner to sub-lease the station and provide an old-fashioned personality format.
The Australian Broadcasting Tribunal knocked back the application, firstly on the grounds that it could not allow the leasing of stations, and secondly because of questions raised as to the suitability of Newton's partner.
The Italian format continued until 1994 when Corso sold the station to Southern Cross Broadcasting who took the station back to easy-listening music.
Corso was keen to sell 3AK because he had just obtained one of the first of the new narrowcast licences then being offered by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal.
Therefore, 3AK's Italian programming was transferred to the new narrow-cast station, 3BM, which transmitted from 1116 KC (ironically a wavelength that was later to be used by 3AK itself).
By 1996, Southern Cross had found itself owning 4 radio stations in Melbourne; 3AW, 3AK, 3EE, 3MP; whereas the legal limit is two stations in a single market.
They sold 3AK to a Christian organisation, Fusion Media, who switched the format to a mixture of talk-back and magazine programs and easy listening music.
The station was moved to studios in St. Kilda Road that had originally been built for 3EE (later Magic 693/Magic 1278); later moving again to Swan Street Richmond.
After more years of low ratings and financial troubles, 3AK was sold again, to a small media and data company Data and Commerce Limited (DCL).
In 2001, DCL transferred 3AK from 1503 kHz to 1116 kHz and relaunched 3AK once again as a talk back station in direct competition to top rating stations 3AW and 774 ABC Melbourne.
Some unusual programming decisions and lack of promotion led to 3AK failing to lift from the bottom of the ratings ladder.
In late 2003, DCL announced it had leased the running of radio 3AK to a new organisation Sports Entertainment Network (SEN) who were to convert 3AK to a 24-hour sport radio station.
In January 2004, 3AK became known on-air as SEN 1116 although the official ACA/Australian Communications Authority callsign remains 3AK, a fact that is probably not appreciated by the majority of listeners.
As of the April 2004 ratings, the new format had already managed to lift 3AK's profile as well as the number of listeners.
While initially, ratings were steadily rising, the station's financial position took a turn for the worse in early 2005, with several employees, including Dermott Brereton, Mark Doran, and Robert Shaw not being paid.
The simplest ether, it is a colorless gas that is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant that is currently being demonstrated for use in a variety of fuel applications.
Other possible improvements call for a dual catalyst system that permits both methanol synthesis and dehydration in the same process unit, with no methanol isolation and purification.
The EU is considering BioDME in its potential biofuel mix in 2030; It can also be made from biogas or methane from animal, food, and agricultural waste, or even from shale gas or natural gas.
The Volvo Group is the coordinator for the European Community Seventh Framework Programme project BioDME where Chemrec's BioDME pilot plant is based on black liquor gasification in Piteå, Sweden.
A potentially major use of dimethyl ether is as substitute for propane in LPG used as fuel in household and industry.
For diesel engines, an advantage is the high cetane number of 55, compared to that of diesel fuel from petroleum, which is 40–53.
For these reasons as well as being sulfur-free, dimethyl ether meets even the most stringent emission regulations in Europe (EURO5), U.S. (U.S. 2010), and Japan (2009 Japan).
At the European Shell Eco Marathon, an unofficial World Championship for mileage, vehicle running on 100% dimethyl ether drove 589 km/liter (169.8 cm /100 km), fuel equivalent to gasoline with a 50 cm displacement 2-stroke engine.
As well as winning they beat the old standing record of 306 km/liter (326.8 cm/100 km), set by the same team in 2007.
A party in the Radical tradition, since 1972 the PRG was a close ally of the major party of the centre-left in France, the Socialist Party (, PS).
After the 2017 presidential and legislative elections, negotiations to merge the PRG with the Radical Party (from which the PRG emerged in 1972) began and the refounding congress to reunite the parties into the Radical Movement was held on 9 and 10 December 2017.
However, a faction of ex-PRG members, including its last president Sylvia Pinel, split from the Radical Movement in February 2019 due to its expected alliance with La République En Marche in the European elections and plans to resurrect the PRG.
The party was formed in 1972 by a split from the Republican, Radical, and Radical-Socialist Party, once the dominant party of the French Left.
It was founded by Radicals who opposed Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber's centrist direction and chose to join the Union of the Left and agreed to the Common Programme signed by the Socialist Party (PS) and the French Communist Party (PCF).
At that time, the party was known as the Movement of the Radical Socialist Left (, MGRS), then as the Movement of Radicals of the Left (, MRG) after 1973.
Nevertheless, its electoral influence did not compare with those of its two allies, which competed for the leadership over the left.
Robert Fabre sought to attract left-wing Gaullists to the party and gradually became close to President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, who nominated him as Mediator of the Republic in 1978.
Michel Crépeau was nominated by the party for the 1981 presidential election and obtained a disappointing 2.09% in the first round.
The MRG won 14 seats in the subsequent 1981 legislative election and participated in PS-led governments between 1981 and 1986 and again between 1988 and 1993.
In the 1984 European elections, the MRG formed a common list with Brice Lalonde's environmentalists and Olivier Stirn, a centre-right deputy.
The party resumed its customary alliance with the PS in the 1986 legislative election and supported President Mitterrand's 1988 reelection bid by the first round.
At the beginning of the 1990s, under the leadership of the popular businessman Bernard Tapie the party benefited from an ephemeral upswing in its popularity while the governing SP was in disarray.
However, Tapie retired from politics due to his legal problems and the party, renamed the Radical Socialist Party (, PRS), returned to its lowest ebb.
After the Radical Party opened legal proceedings against the PRS, it was forced to change its name to the Radical Party of the Left (, PRG).
In the 2002 presidential election, the PRG nominated its own candidate, former MEP and French Guiana deputy Christiane Taubira, for the first time since 1981.
In the 2007 presidential election, while the party supported the PS candidate Ségolène Royal, Bernard Tapie, who had been a leading figure in the PRG, supported Nicolas Sarkozy.
Six deputies (Gérard Charasse, Paul Giacobbi, Annick Girardin, Joël Giraud, Dominique Orliac and Sylvia Pinel) and three senators (Jean-Michel Baylet, André Boyer and François Vendasi) opted to vote in favour, hence allowing for its passage.
The PRG's then-president Jean-Michel Baylet ran in the 2011 SP presidential primaries, the only non-PS candidate in the field, but was placed last with only 0.64% of the vote in the primary.
With four additional members, it formed its own parliamentary group in the National Assembly, the Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressive group.
Although the PRG remained a close and loyal ally of the PS, it has also cooperated with the small Ecology Generation (GE) party since December 2011.
In the 2014 European elections, the party received 13.98% of the vote on a joint list with the PS, electing one MEP Virginie Rozière, who joined the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group with PS MEPs.
In the 2017 SP presidential primary, PRG candidate Sylvia Pinel received 2% of the vote in the first round election held on 22 January 2017.
Former cabinet minister and former deputy Émile Zuccarelli is a left-wing republican who strongly opposed Corsican nationalism and supported the no vote in the 2005 European constitutional referendum, positions much closer to Jean-Pierre Chevènement's Citizen and Republican Movement (MRC).
The PRG remained rather weak on its own electorally, averaging around 2% of the vote (2002 presidential candidate Christiane Taubira won 2.32% of the vote); which explains why the party depended on its stronger ally, the PS for support and parliamentary representation.
The major exception was in Corsica, where the party was historically the largest party on the non-nationalist French Left and remains so to its time of dissolution due to a tradition of political dynasties (such as the Giacobbi family) and the weak infrastructure of the PS on the island.
Paul Giacobbi represented Haute-Corse in the National Assembly until he stood down at the 2017 elections (Émile Zuccarelli, an internal rival of Giacobbi and current mayor of Bastia, also represented the island in Paris until his 2007 defeat) and Senators Nicolas Alfonsi and François Vendasi represented the Corsican PRG in the Senate.
In metropolitan France, the PRG was able to sustain a long-lasting Radical tradition dating back to the French Third Republic, most notably in the southwest or departments such as the Eure-et-Loir and Eure.
J. Charles (Chuck) Guité (born 1943 or 1944 in Dugas, Quebec, on the Gaspé peninsula), raised in Campbellton, New Brunswick, is a former Canadian civil servant, appointed by Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservative government.
He held his position under the Liberal government of Jean Chretien and was in charge of the federal sponsorship program from 1996 to 1999.
On December 23, 2008 the National Parole Board authorized Guité's conditional release making him eligible for day parole on February 15, 2009 and full parole on September 16, 2009.
Agriculture became a dominant feature in Loma's early economy, enabled by the completion of the Kiefer Extension irrigation canal in 1899.
The first school was established in the 1890s, and the two-story Loma School was constructed in 1910 from yellow brick, fired on the grounds.
Sugar beets were a primary crop, and beet production dominated Loma's agriculture until the 1970s, when the Delta Sugar Beet factory closed.
A second irrigation canal called the Highline Canal was built through Loma in 1917, and led to significant economic growth and several bumper crops during the 1920s.
By 1923, Loma had a school, blacksmith, garage, railroad station, school, two-story hotel, shipping yard, post office, pool hall, two churches, two grocery stores, and many two-story homes.
In the 1950s, a pipeline was constructed along an abandoned Uintah Railway track to carry a mixture of crushed gilsonite ore and water from Bonanza, Utah to Loma.
In July 2015, the Colorado Department of Transportation installed Loma's first signal light at the intersection of Highway 139 and Route 6.
A sense of openness that is created by farmsteads, viable agriculture, farm based businesses, small subdivisions, mixed housing types and lot sizes, single-lane farm roads, and two core villages [Loma and Mack] that are the focal points of the surrounding landscape.
The underpinnings of rural character is supported by this self chosen lifestyle of small town values, family, community, independence, responsibility, conservation, entrepreneurship, and a strong work ethic.
The current agricultural base of the Loma area consists predominately of small scale cattle operations, row crop cultivation, and lifestyle agriculture.
The Loma Boat Launch State Wildlife Area, located south of Loma, is a popular access point to the Colorado River for recreation activities.
The trail follows a route which passes through the McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area, a conservation area located south of Loma.
Mack is an unincorporated community and a U.S. Post Office located about 10 miles east of the Colorado/Utah border in Mesa County, Colorado, United States.
This is a permanent festival site created for music festivals, including Country Jam, an event that has been held since 1992 and one that draws thousands of country music fans to the area.
She was a major Hollywood star during the 1920s and 1930s and for a time during the early 1930s, she was the highest-paid actress in Hollywood, as well as one of the most popular.
Bennett frequently played society women, focusing on melodramas in the early 1930s and then taking more comedic roles in the late 1930s and 1940s.
Constance Bennett was born in New York City, the eldest of three daughters of actress Adrienne Morrison and actor Richard Bennett.
She abandoned a burgeoning career in silents for marriage to Philip Plant in 1925, but resumed her film career after their divorce, with the advent of talking pictures (1929), and with her delicate blonde features and glamorous fashion style, she quickly became a popular film star.
So successful was Bennett during this time, that RKO, Bennett's home studio at the time, controlled the careers of actresses Ann Harding and Helen Twelvetrees in a similar manner, hoping to duplicate Bennett's success.
(1932), directed by George Cukor, an ironic and at the same time tragic behind-the-scenes looks at the old Hollywood studio system, in which she portrayed waitress Mary Evans, who becomes a movie star.
On June 15, 1921, Bennett eloped with Chester Hirst Moorehead of Chicago, a student at the University of Virginia who was the son of oral surgeon, Frederick Moorehead.
In November 1925, the two eloped and were married in Greenwich, Connecticut, by the same justice of the peace who officiated at Bennett's wedding to Moorehead.
In 1932, Bennett returned from Europe with a three-year-old child, whom she claimed to have adopted and named Peter Bennett Plant (born 1929).
In 1942, however, during a battle over a large trust fund established to benefit any descendants of her former husband, Bennett announced that her adopted son actually was her natural child by Plant, born after the divorce and kept hidden to ensure that the child's biological father did not get custody.
In 1931, Bennett made headlines when she married one of Gloria Swanson's former husbands, Henri le Bailly, the Marquis de La Coudraye de La Falaise, a French nobleman and film director.
Later that year, Bennett married for the fifth and final time to US Air Force Colonel (later Brigadier General) John Theron Coulter.
After her marriage, she concentrated her efforts on providing relief entertainment to US troops still stationed in Europe, winning military honors for her services.
Shortly after filming was completed, on July 25, 1965, Bennett collapsed and died from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 60.
In recognition of her military contributions, and as the wife of John Theron Coulter, who had achieved the rank of brigadier general, she was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Viridor (from the Latin 'to become green') is a recycling, renewable energy and waste management company in the United Kingdom, owned by Pennon Group, a FTSE 250 plc focused on the water and waste management industries.
Haul Waste became part of Pennon (then South West Water Ltd) in 1993, and grew by purchasing companies in the waste collection and landfill disposal market.
In 1995 it bought Blue Circle Waste Management, bringing about in 1998 South West Water's name change to Pennon Group, and the merger of Haul Waste and Blue Circle Waste Management under Viridor.
It subsequently acquired part of Churngold's waste business in June 2003, Thames Waste Management in 2004, Somerset LAWDC Wyvern Waste in 2006, Grosvenor Waste Management and Skipaway Holdings in 2007, and Shore Recycling in 2008.
Today the business is valued at around £4 billion, with recent acquisitions and growth focused on expanding the company's recycling and energy from waste capacity.
Richard Lewis (born 1969) is the former leader of two conservative Christian political parties in New Zealand, Destiny New Zealand and The Family Party.
In 2003 Lewis was instrumental in the establishment of the Destiny New Zealand political party, which derived primarily from Destiny Church which is headed by Brian Tamaki.
The party went on to stand 42 candidates in the 2005 general election, and was one of only three parties to stand in all 7 Māori electorates.
The party did not win any electorate seats and received 0.62% of the party vote, which did not meet the 5% threshold to achieve parliamentary representation.
Lewis himself stood as his party's candidate for Manukau East and came third behind the two major party candidates from Labour and National with 1,111 votes (3.4%).
The earliest evidence of human occupation unearthed so far by archaeological investigations is that of the Thule culture, dating to approximately 1000 years ago.
Franklin’s journal records states that he wished to honour the name Herschel, of which three persons are notable for their scientific accomplishments: Sir William Herschel, his sister Caroline Herschel, and his son Sir John Herschel.
Estimates of the number of people living on the island (and along the Yukon North Slope) at that time ranged from 200 to 2000.
In the late 19th century, whalers discovered that the Beaufort Sea was one of the last refuges of the depleted bowhead whale, which was prized for its baleen, blubber, and oil.
At the height of the Beaufort Sea whaling period (1893–94) the number of residents on the island was estimated at 1,500, making it the largest Yukon community at that time.
With a recreation room, an office for the manager and storekeeper, and storage facilities, the Community House became the most prominent building on the island.
The first court case held in the Canadian Arctic took place at Pauline Cove in 1924 in a building known as the Bonehouse, which was built in the mid-1890s as a storehouse for baleen (whalebone).
The following year, he and Constable Sutherland established a detachment on the island, which was at first based in two small sod huts.
Command was transferred to Aklavik in 1931, and Herschel Island was patrolled intermittently until 1948, when the detachment was reopened on a seasonal basis.
Constable Lamont died from typhoid fever at Hershel Island, Yukon, while attending to the needs of another victim of the disease.
Constable Carl Lennart Sundell, aged 24 years, was stationed on board the RCMP supply schooner HERSCHEL at the time of his death and died as a result of an accidental shooting.
These buildings still stand, though in recent years they have been moved as much as 10 meters inland, away from the receding shoreline.
While the island did see some renewed activity in the 1970s when it became a temporary safe harbour for oil-drilling ships, its last permanent, year-round residents (the MacKenzie family) left in 1987.
It is approximately by between shorelines, with a rolling tundra terrain that ranges in height from sea level to 182 m (596 ft).
The island was created from sediments that were thrust up by a lobe of Laurentide glacier ice emanating from the Mackenzie Valley and moving westward along the coastal plain approximately 30,000 years ago.
The island is subject to very high rates of coastal erosion due to the ice-rich nature of the underlying permafrost, and its surface heaves and rolls down its own hillsides from the effects of frost creep and solifluction.
July is the warmest month, with a mean temperature of 7.4 °C (45.3 °F) and a mean daytime high of 12.8 °C (55 °F), but can reach as high as 30 °C (86 °F).
January temperatures average -27 °C (-16.6 °F) to -30 °C (-22 °F), but temperatures have been known to reach as low as -50 °C (-58 °F).
The sun does not appear above the horizon from November 29 to January 14, but significant twilight is experienced for a few hours in the late morning and early afternoon during the latter period.
Bowhead whales can still be seen from Herschel as they migrate westward to the Bering Sea in September, feeding close to the surface on krill.
Ringed seals are the most common marine mammals in this part of the Arctic, feeding on fish along the edges of the ice during the summer months.
Its humid maritime climate during the growing season fosters a lush growth of tundra flowers, including vetches, louseworts, Arctic lupines, arnicas, and forget-me-nots.
Herschel Island Territorial Park, together with Ivvavik National Park and Vuntut National Park (both on the Yukon mainland), is a leading contender to become Canada's next UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The report states that a decrease in sea ice, and consequent increase in coastal erosion, poses a serious threat to Herschel Island's historic resources.
There are several active thaw slumps of considerable size along the south-eastern shore of the island and they have increased in abundance and size over the last fifty years.
It broadcasts from the studios of BBC East in The Forum, Norwich on 95.1 FM (Stoke Holy Cross), 104.4 FM (Great Massingham), 95.6 FM (West Runton, near Cromer), 855 kHz AM/MW (Postwick, east Norwich near the A47), 873 kHz AM/MW (West Lynn, near the A47 and River Great Ouse), DAB and through the internet using BBC iPlayer.
The station has regularly been one of the most listened-to on the BBC Local Radio network, as highest-rated in mainland England in 2003 and 2006.
It was the first BBC local station in East Anglia and the first after a gap of several years in the corporation's local radio development, due to the Government's review of local radio (both BBC and independent services) in the late 1970s.
Due to the policy of launching only one local radio service at a time in a particular area, when it came to choosing whether Norfolk or Devon would receive a BBC or commercial station first, there was contention between the BBC and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) as to who would get which area.
Radio Norfolk was one of the first BBC stations to be based on a county, rather than a town; it was also first to broadcast in stereo (though only to East Norfolk; the remainder of the county had to wait until 2005).
Initially, there was insufficient budget for a full schedule; the station had a breakfast show, a two-hour show at midday and then an extended five o'clock news and sports bulletin, while using BBC Radio 2 outside these times.
In 2011, when BBC economy measures raised the idea that local radio football commentaries could be cut back, the possibility was criticised by the local press in Norfolk, praising the station for the passion of its commentaries.
The programme also made the news itself, when James Prior announced his resignation as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland live during a show.
The show gained a strong reputation for solving listeners' consumer problems, and in 2000 was given the British Insurance Brokers' Association Media Award for its work in this area.
White was the first presenter to go on-air after the station moved studios from Norfolk Tower to The Forum in the summer of 2003.
In recompense for this, Chaney was promised the editorship of a BBC Local Radio station, and was given the job at Norfolk.
He had first joined the BBC in 1961, and had also worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, the BBC's famous electronic music and sound effects department in London.
He subsequently returned to the television side of BBC East's operations, and then became the Head of Regional and Local Programmes for the area in 2002.
David Clayton became BBC Radio Norfolk's Managing Editor in 1998, having been a broadcaster at the station since the early 1980s and the Assistant Editor under Salmon and then Bishop since 1991.
Clayton was replaced in March 2016 by Peter Cook, who combines his role as Managing Editor for both Radio Norfolk and BBC Radio Suffolk.
BBC Radio Norfolk has frequently gained some of the highest audience figures of any of the BBC's local radio stations in England.
Figures from the radio audience measuring body RAJAR have regularly shown that over 200,000 people in Norfolk listen to some part of the station's output in any given week.
When criticising proposed BBC local radio cutbacks in December 2011, South Norfolk MP Richard Bacon claimed in a letter to Lord Patten, the Chairman of the BBC Trust, that only the national station BBC Radio 2 gained higher audiences in Norfolk than BBC Radio Norfolk did.
In 2010 wildlife expert Chris Skinner was runner-up in the Best Specialist Contributor category for his broadcasts as part of Matthew Gudgin's programme.
BBC Radio Norfolk has also won success at the Frank Gillard Awards, the BBC's own internal awards for its local radio stations.
In 2010, the station's Sophie Price won the Original Journalism category for a documentary she had made about teenage pregnancy in Norfolk.
At the 2006 EDF Energy East of England Media Awards the station's Paul Moseley won the Radio Journalist of the Year award.
In 2009 Nikki Fox won the title, and at the 2010 ceremony Nicky Price was joint-winner of the Sports Journalist of the Year category, while the Nick Conrad show took the Radio News/Current Affairs Programme of the Year title.
Keith Skipper, a former presenter on the station until he left in 1995, has criticised BBC Radio Norfolk for a lack of local focus to some of its programming.
In the early 1980s, BBC Radio Norfolk had a small office for the district reporter based in Great Yarmouth, situated in the premises of the Port and Haven Commissioners on the town's South Quay.
The studio there was used for live inserts into programmes from Norwich, interviews with guests from the Great Yarmouth area, and the preparation of pre-recorded items by the Great Yarmouth district reporter.
The 95.1 FM signal covers the Norwich area, 104.4 FM covers the West and King's Lynn area, while 95.6 FM (which came on-air on 12 September 2005) serves north Norfolk.
The Stoke Holy Cross transmission site also broadcasts Heart East on 102.4 FM, Kiss 105-108 East on 106.1 FM and 99.9 Radio Norwich.
From 31 March 2003, DAB signals have come from the NOW Digital Norfolk multiplex, originally broadcast on Block 11B and moved to 10B on 10 September 2015.
In January 2020 the BBC announced that Radio Norfolk's medium wave service from Postwick on 855kHz covering the eastern part of the county will close later in the year.
The station also takes shared regional programmes from sister stations BBC Radio Suffolk, BBC Essex, BBC Three Counties Radio and BBC Radio Northampton.
BBC Radio Suffolk is the BBC Local Radio service for the English county of Suffolk, commencing broadcasts on 12 April 1990.
The station broadcasts on 95.5 (Oulton, near Lowestoft), 95.9 (Aldeburgh), 103.9 (Manningtree) and 104.6 (Great Barton, four miles north-east of Bury St Edmunds near the B1106 and Conyers Green) FM.
It is available in parts of Suffolk on DAB 10C and from Sudbury and Tacolneston television transmitters (plus relays of) on Freeview channel 720.
The 154.4 metre (507 ft) antenna mast transmitter is just south of Manningtree, in Essex, and is also one of the BBC Essex MW transmitters.
It covered just the town of Lowestoft itself, leaving other nearby areas reliant on the transmitters at Manningtree or Great Barton.
Aldeburgh and East Suffolk The 95.9FM frequency, from the Aldeburgh mast, began in 2004 and had to be approved by the Dutch government in case of interference in the Netherlands.
Aldeburgh is a relay of Manningtree on 103.9FM, all the other transmitters have direct links with ISDN backup system in place (August 2017).
Radio Suffolk is licenced to broadcast commentary on all Ipswich Town league and cup games on FM and Dab, but not on Freeview or via the BBC iplayer or Sounds app.
DAB signal is on 10C from Mendlesham (Central Suffolk and Ipswich), Puttock's Hill (Bury St Edmunds), Warren Heath (Ipswich), Felixstowe (Town and Dock area).
Suffolk MUX testing started on 30 September 2016 and launched on 7 October 2017 at 9:30am.. Due to the few masts currently in use, there is a lack of coverage towards the Suffolk Coast north of Felixstowe to Lowestoft.
Sudbury, Newmarket, Haverhill, Lowestoft, Southwold and Beccles & Bungay also have very poor or no DAB coverage of the Suffolk MUX.
Digital TV From 6 June 2016, BBC Radio Suffolk was available on Freeview and YouView channel 720 as part of the nationwide roll out of BBC local radio stations on Freeview.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Suffolk also carries regional programming for the East, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Norfolk, BBC Essex, BBC Radio Cambridgeshire, BBC 3 Counties Radio and BBC Radio Northampton.
It broadcasts from its studios on New London Road in Chelmsford on 95.3 (South Benfleet) and 103.5 (Great Braxted) FM, and on 729 (Manningtree), 765 (Bakers Wood).The station also broadcast on 1530 (Rayleigh) AM until 15 January 2018, when transmissions ceased.
It is also available on DAB, Freeview TV channel 734 (in Essex, East Anglia, the south east and London) and live streaming via the internet.
There had also been a pirate station called Radio Essex in the 1960s, and currently there is an independent radio station called Radio Essex.
However, over the years the style has been toned down and the format is now more in line with the rest of the BBC local radio network.
The station has also employed a number of high-profile presenters including James Whale, Jonathan Overend (BBC Radio 5 Live), Tim 'Timbo' Lloyd (twice winner of Best Local DJ at the Sony Radio Awards), Mark Pougatch (ITV Sport), Dermot O'Leary (National radio & TV presenter) and music promoter Eric 'Monster' Hall.
A revised programme schedule at the station occurred in September 2015 following the appointment of Lou Birt as Managing Editor in April 2015, following the departure of predecessor Gerald Main, who held the role from 2007 until February 2015.
The 500 ft Manningtree tower, which is on 729kHz, also has national FM radio frequencies, Absolute Radio on 1233kHz, BBC National DAB, Digital One and Essex DAB.
The Bakers Wood (Chelmsford) transmitter on 765kHz also has Heart Essex on 102.6FM, and Smooth Radio on 1359kHz and is another of the DAB transmitters.
Local DAB signals, since 20 May 2002, are the Essex 12D multiplex, which has further transmitters at Maitland House (Southend-on-Sea town centre), Colchester, Sudbury (in Suffolk), and Rye Hill (south of Harlow - on a water tower).
BBC Essex also used to transmit on 1530kHz from Rayleigh (Southend) until January 2018 but this was closed as a cost saving measure.
From 10 to 17 April 2004, BBC Essex marked the fortieth anniversary of offshore radio in Britain by launching their own ship-based radio station, Pirate BBC Essex.
This was followed in August 2007 by another broadcast marking the anniversary of the closing of the pirate stations by the Marine Offences Act.
This was broadcast on the AM frequencies, as well as on the Internet, which resulted in many calls from as far away as New Zealand.
Presenters included Johnnie Walker, Tony Blackburn, Dave Cash and Keith Skues as well as three of the station's presenters: Steve Scruton; Ian Wyatt & Ray Clark.
BBC Essex presenter Ray Clark authored a book called 'Radio Caroline: The True Story of The Boat That Rocked' which was published in early 2014.
Starting at 10pm on 13 August 2017 Keith Skues presented his regular, 3 hour regional Sunday night show from the LV18 studio, and on 14 August 2017 programmes were broadcast commencing at 9am, with the eventual closure at 3pm, marking the 50th anniversary of the Marine Offences Act which closed most pirate radio stations.
During off-peak hours, the station carries regional programming for the East of England, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Norfolk, BBC Radio Suffolk, BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and BBC Radio Northampton.
Therefore, as well as Luton and Bedford (and the rest of Bedfordshire), Milton Keynes, Hemel Hempstead, Harpenden, Aylesbury, St Albans, Welwyn Garden City, Letchworth, Stevenage and Hitchin were served by the new station.
The new name was intended to reflect the wider reach across the three counties and to give equal service to all.
The editorial area was not, at that point, expanded but enhanced studio facilities and staff were devoted to Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire.
New transmitters at Epping Green and Bedmond extended the coverage to Welwyn Garden City, Hatfield and west Hertfordshire in late 2005.
The station's satellite studio at Willen in Milton Keynes produced separate breakfast show for the Milton Keynes area from October 2001 until September 2012.
With the opening of new transmitters in Buckinghamshire, the Milton Keynes opt-outs were extended across the whole county, with a separate drivetime show from November 2004 until October 2005, before producing the separate lunchtime programme which ended in February 2007 with a revamp of the schedule.
BBC Three Counties Radio broadcasts on 90.4FM (Epping Green, near Hertford), 92.1FM (Bedmond, near Hemel Hempstead), 94.7FM (Quainton Hill, near Aylesbury), 95.5FM (Sandy Heath), 98.0FM (High Wycombe), 103.8FM (Zouches Farm, near Luton), 104.5FM (Bow Brickhill, near Milton Keynes), 630 kHz 0.2 kW MW (Lewsey Farm, near Luton), 1161 kHz (Kempston, near Bedford), and streaming from the BBC 3CR website.
BBC 3CR is also carried only the Herts, Beds and Bucks digital radio multiplex, transmitted from Sandy Heath, Epping Green, Hemel Hempstead, Chepping Wycombe, Letchworth, Zouches Farm and Bow Brickhill.
During off-peak hours, BBC Three Counties Radio also carries regional programming for the East, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Norfolk, BBC Essex, BBC Radio Suffolk and BBC Radio Northampton.
The station has two FM transmitters, with 104.2 FM broadcast from the Boughton Green Road area of Northampton, and 103.6 FM broadcast from a mast near the village of Geddington.
Listeners can tune into 104.2 in the south and west of the county (including Northampton and surrounding area), whereas 103.6 serves the north and east (including Kettering and Corby).
Radio Northampton was originally available on 1107 kHz MW across the County from a transmitter at Kings Heath; this was reallocated to Virgin Radio using 1233 kHz.
For the north-east of the county near Oundle, the Peterborough transmitter has Radio Cambridgeshire on DAB from a NOW Digital multiplex.
The transmitter at Daventry on Borough Hill has BBC National DAB, Digital One 11D and an MXR West Midlands 12A multiplex (since August 2001).
NOW Digital expected to start broadcasting from the three transmitters at Northampton, Geddington and Daventry in September 2008, however transmissions eventually began on 28 March 2013 on DAB channel 10C.
The line-up was identical to that of the neighbouring Herts, Beds and Bucks multiplex, consisting of local Northamptonshire stations (BBC Radio Northampton: countywide, Connect FM: Wellingborough, Kettering, Corby) and national stations (Capital, Gold and Heart: Northants, Bucks, MK, Beds and Herts regional service), along with stations aimed at the Herts, Beds and Bucks area (BBC Three Counties Radio and MKFM).
From February 2015, OFCOM approved the separation of the Northamptonshire multiplex from the Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire multiplex, resulting in the removal of BBC Three Counties Radio, BOB fm and MKFM from the Northamptonshire multiplex, and the removal of BBC Radio Northampton from the Herts, Beds and Bucks multiplex.
Football commentators include Tim Oglethorpe, Alex Winter, Ian Benjamin and Terry Angus for Northampton Town, Peter Short for Kettering Town, Chris Barrett at Brackley/Rushden and Chuck Middleton at Corby.
The sports team is also supplemented by News Editor Laura Cook who has a particular interest in motor sport and horse racing.
The station broadcasts 3 weekly sports shows from 6 - 7PM, The Saints Show on Wednesday presented by McKechnie, Newman and Hunter, focusing on a guest from Northampton Saints, The Cobblers Show/The Cricket Show on Thursday and Friday Night Sport.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Northampton also carries regional programming for the East, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Norfolk, BBC Essex, BBC Three Counties Radio and BBC Radio Suffolk.
The station's local presenters include Annabel Amos (weekday breakfast), Bernie Keith (weekday mornings / Saturday evenings), Helen Blaby (weekday afternoons), Wayne Bavin (weekday drivetime) and Tim Wheeler (weekday evenings).
ViLoR (Virtual Local Radio) is the name of a BBC project that uses computer virtualisation and audio-over-IP to reduce the amount of equipment at a radio station.
Like other BBC local radio stations Radio Northampton no longer uses a car with a pump-up mast to get reports from locations around its area and instead uses a van with a satellite dish.
A tweet was sent from the Twitter account on the day after the President's Inauguration, claiming that Donald Trump had been shot, but later the BBC confirmed that the account had been hacked.
It broadcasts on 96 (Madingley, close to the A428-A1303 junction five miles west of Cambridge) and 95.7 (Morborne, south-west of Peterborough, two miles west of the A1 near Norman Cross) FM, DAB, and via its web page using RealPlayer.
Under the first manager, Hal Bethell, Radio Cambridgeshire's early broadcasts were restricted to a few hours at breakfast and two hours in the afternoon.
When Hal Bethell left the station because of his health, he was replaced by the deputy manager of Radio Lincolnshire, Dave Wilkinson.
The Peterborough studio opened in a single office in Broadway Court, rented from Peterborough Development Corporation, the body responsible for the city's expansion as a New Town.
The broadcasting equipment was two Studer tape recorders, a four-channel mixer and two microphones, which were placed on a table surrounded by mobile sound baffles.
Ian Cameron, the first broadcaster from there the day Radio Cambridgeshire opened, realised at the last moment that the wall behind the temporary studio abutted the office block's lavatories and asked the staff in Cambridge to listen while he flushed the cistern.
In 1983, Peterborough was equipped with its own studio, using a 12-channel Audix mixing desk made in the county and two Studer B67 tape machines, with a third machine for editing in a neighbouring office.
That office later become a studio as well, although it could go on the air only from the main studio alongside.
At first, the opt-out was used only for traffic information in the morning news programme and, later in the day, for five-minute spots of purely local information.
The first full opt-out programme from Peterborough was presented by Les Woodland in the afternoon while John Richards broadcast from Cambridge.
The Peterborough Breakfast show opt out was abandoned in 2013 due to BBC cutbacks and presenter, Paul Stainton, took over presenting duties of a new countywide show, before leaving the station in 2017.
The first complete programme broadcast away from the studio was the same year, from the East of England Show in Peterborough, presented by Anne Bristow.
The studios were equipped with a microphone and a small mixing desk and were used to save contributors a journey to Cambridge or to Peterborough.
The first station badge or symbol was a design suggesting Cambridgeshire's three main rivers, the Nene, the Ouse and the Cam.
Before the station came on the air, the manager, Hal Bethell, arranged with the Pye radio company, which had long been associated with Cambridge, to use a design based on the sun-through-clouds design which Pye previously cut into the loudspeaker screens of its original radios.
The sun-and-clouds symbol remained until a BBC ruling that all its stations should have a joint logo to underline the national nature of the local service.
On 30 October 2004, a fire broke out (thought to be arson) 80 ft up the main Peterborough mast, one mile west of Morborne, and the heat caused the whole mast to collapse.
The Madingley transmitter also carries national FM BBC radio, Digital One, BBC National DAB, Heart East and Kiss 105-108 on 105.6 FM as well as the NOW Cambridge DAB multiplex.
The DAB signals come from two multiplexes in Cambridgeshire – a rarity for BBC local radio stations, as some do not yet broadcast on digital.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Cambridgeshire also carries regional programming for the East, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Norfolk, BBC Essex, BBC Radio Suffolk, BBC Radio Northampton and BBC Three Counties Radio.
The station's local programming begins at 6am each day and continues until 11pm on Mondays, 10pm from Tuesday to Friday, 6pm on Saturdays, and 2pm on Sundays.
Other national broadcasters who started their careers at the station include Matthew Amroliwala (BBC News 24), Paul Stainton (BBC News/FIVE LIVE), Mick Meadows (Radio 1), Nick Barraclough (BBC Radio 2), Ian Peacock (BBC Radio 4), Martin Popplewell (Sky News), Mark Saggers (talkSPORT), and Dr Chris Smith (BBC Radio 5 live).
BBC Cambridgeshire is also the home of multi award-winning science programme The Naked Scientists, a group of Cambridge University doctors and researchers with a passion for making science fun.
They are joined in the studio by a succession of guest scientists who talk about their work and take questions live from the audience.
The Naked Scientists is supported by a website, which contains archived editions of their previous programmes in streamed and podcast formats.
Archiving their radio programmes online in this way, in 2005 the Naked Scientists were the first BBC local radio programme to co-exist as a podcast in the iTunes music store.
Between 2003 and 2012 the Naked Scientists was broadcast across the BBC East region comprising eight local BBC radio stations in the east of England.
A fanfare (or fanfarade or flourish) is a short musical flourish that is typically played by trumpets or other brass instruments, often accompanied by percussion .
The word is first found in 1546 in French, and in English in 1605, but it was not until the 19th century that it acquired its present meaning of a brief ceremonial flourish for brass .
Copland's Fanfare is one of a series of 18 commissioned by Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra conductor Eugene Goossens in 1942–43, each to open a concert.
The only one of these fanfares to become well known is Copland's; the others are rarely if ever performed or recorded.
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli or stimuluses) is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment.
These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made.
Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.
Examples of mechanoreceptors include baroreceptors which detect changes in blood pressure, Merkel's discs which can detect sustained touch and pressure, and hair cells which detect sound stimuli.
Homeostatic imbalances that can serve as internal stimuli include nutrient and ion levels in the blood, oxygen levels, and water levels.
Deviations from the homeostatic ideal may generate a homeostatic emotion, such as pain, thirst or fatigue, that motivates behavior that will restore the body to stasis (such as withdrawal, drinking or resting).
Nerves embed themselves within these receptors and when they detect stretching, they are stimulated and fire action potentials to the central nervous system.
If these nerves do not detect stretching, the body determines perceives low blood pressure as a dangerous stimulus and signals are not sent, preventing the inhibition CNS action; blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases, causing an increase in blood pressure in the body.
The feeling is recorded by sensory receptors on the skin and travels to the central nervous system, where it is integrated and a decision on how to respond is made; if it is decided that a response must be made, a signal is sent back down to a muscle, which acts appropriately according to the stimulus.
The postcentral gyrus is the location of the primary somatosensory area, the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch.
This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be the force exerted by dropping the wing of a bee onto your cheek from a distance of one centimeter.
Information, or stimuli, in the form of light enters the retina, where it excites a special type of neuron called a photoreceptor cell.
A local graded potential begins in the photoreceptor, where it excites the cell enough for the impulse to be passed along through a track of neurons to the central nervous system.
As the signal travels from photoreceptors to larger neurons, action potentials must be created for the signal to have enough strength to reach the CNS.
If the stimulus does not warrant a strong enough response, it is said to not reach absolute threshold, and the body does not react.
However, if the stimulus is strong enough to create an action potential in neurons away from the photoreceptor, the body will integrate the information and react appropriately.
The absolute threshold for vision is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from photoreceptors in the eye.
This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be the amount of light present from someone holding up a single candle 30 miles away, if one's eyes were adjusted to the dark.
The olfactory epithelium, which contains olfactory receptor cells, covers the inferior surface of the cribiform plate, the superior portion of the perpendicular plate, the superior nasal concha.
Only roughly two percent of airborne compounds inhaled are carried to olfactory organs as a small sample of the air being inhaled.
The absolute threshold for smell is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from receptors in the nose.
This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be a single drop of perfume in a six-room house.
The absolute threshold for taste is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from receptors in the mouth.
This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be a single drop of quinine sulfate in 250 gallons of water.
Changes in pressure caused by sound reaching the external ear resonate in the tympanic membrane, which articulates with the auditory ossicles, or the bones of the middle ear.
These tiny bones multiply these pressure fluctuations as they pass the disturbance into the cochlea, a spiral-shaped bony structure within the inner ear.
Hair cells in the cochlear duct, specifically the organ of Corti, are deflected as waves of fluid and membrane motion travel through the chambers of the cochlea.
Bipolar sensory neurons located in the center of the cochlea monitor the information from these receptor cells and pass it on to the brainstem via the cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII.
The absolute threshold for sound is the minimum amount of sensation needed to elicit a response from receptors in the ears.
This amount of sensation has a definable value and is often considered to be a watch ticking in an otherwise soundless environment 20 feet away.
Semi circular ducts, which are connected directly to the cochlea, can interpret and convey to the brain information about equilibrium by a similar method as the one used for hearing.
Hair cells in these parts of the ear protrude kinocilia and stereocilia into a gelatinous material that lines the ducts of this canal.
In parts of these semi circular canals, specifically the maculae, calcium carbonate crystals known as statoconia rest on the surface of this gelatinous material.
When tilting the head or when the body undergoes linear acceleration, these crystals move disturbing the cilia of the hair cells and, consequently, affecting the release of neurotransmitter to be taken up by surrounding sensory nerves.
In other areas of the semi circular canal, specifically the ampulla, a structure known as the cupula—analogous to the gelatinous material in the maculae—distorts hair cells in a similar fashion when the fluid medium that surrounds it causes the cupula itself to move.
In general, cellular response to stimuli is defined as a change in state or activity of a cell in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, or gene expression.
Receptors on cell surfaces are sensing components that monitor stimuli and respond to changes in the environment by relaying the signal to a control center for further processing and response.
Sensory receptors have a well-defined range of stimuli to which they respond, and each is tuned to the particular needs of the organism.
In response to a mechanical stimulus, cellular sensors of force are proposed to be extracellular matrix molecules, cytoskeleton, transmembrane proteins, proteins at the membrane-phospholipid interface, elements of the nuclear matrix, chromatin, and the lipid bilayer.
Response can be twofold: the extracellular matrix, for example, is a conductor of mechanical forces but its structure and composition is also influenced by the cellular responses to those same applied or endogenously generated forces.
Mechanosensitive ion channels are found in many cell types and it has been shown that the permeability of these channels to cations is affected by stretch receptors and mechanical stimuli.
G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane of these cells can initiate second messenger pathways that cause cation channels to open.
In response to stimuli, the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an adjacent one.
Sensitivity to stimuli is obtained by chemical amplification through second messenger pathways in which enzymatic cascades produce large numbers of intermediate products, increasing the effect of one receptor molecule.
Though receptors and stimuli are varied, most extrinsic stimuli first generate localized graded potentials in the neurons associated with the specific sensory organ or tissue.
In the nervous system, internal and external stimuli can elicit two different categories of responses: an excitatory response, normally in the form of an action potential, and an inhibitory response.
When a neuron is stimulated by an excitatory impulse, neuronal dendrites are bound by neurotransmitters which cause the cell to become permeable to a specific type of ion; the type of neurotransmitter determines to which ion the neurotransmitter will become permeable.
This is caused by an excitatory neurotransmitter, normally glutamate binding to a neuron's dendrites, causing an influx of sodium ions through channels located near the binding site.
This change in membrane permeability in the dendrites is known as a local graded potential and causes the membrane voltage to change from a negative resting potential to a more positive voltage, a process known as depolarization.
The opening of sodium channels allows nearby sodium channels to open, allowing the change in permeability to spread from the dendrites to the cell body.
If a graded potential is strong enough, or if several graded potentials occur in a fast enough frequency, the depolarization is able to spread across the cell body to the axon hillock.
From the axon hillock, an action potential can be generated and propagated down the neuron's axon, causing sodium ion channels in the axon to open as the impulse travels.
Once the signal begins to travel down the axon, the membrane potential has already passed threshold, which means that it cannot be stopped.
Groups of sodium channels opened by the change in membrane potential strengthen the signal as it travels away from the axon hillock, allowing it to move the length of the axon.
As the depolarization reaches the end of the axon, or the axon terminal, the end of the neuron becomes permeable to calcium ions, which enters the cell via calcium ion channels.
Calcium causes the release of neurotransmitters stored in synaptic vesicles, which enter the synapse between two neurons known as the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons; if the signal from the presynaptic neuron is excitatory, it will cause the release of an excitatory neurotransmitter, causing a similar response in the postsynaptic neuron.
Effectively, these localized graded potentials trigger action potentials that communicate, in their frequency, along nerve axons eventually arriving in specific cortexes of the brain.
In these also highly specialized parts of the brain, these signals are coordinated with others to possibly trigger a new response.
This response will cause the postsynaptic neuron to become permeable to chloride ions, making the membrane potential of the cell negative; a negative membrane potential makes it more difficult for the cell to fire an action potential and prevents any signal from being passed on through the neuron.
Impulses are passed from the central nervous system down neurons until they reach the motor neuron, which releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) into the neuromuscular junction.
ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the surface of the muscle cell and opens ion channels, allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell and potassium ions to flow out; this ion movement causes a depolarization, which allows for the release of calcium ions within the cell.
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a large driving force for the release of vasopressin, a hormone which causes the retention of water in the kidneys.
By fluid retention or by consuming fluids, if an individual's blood pressure returns to normal, vasopressin release slows and less fluid is retained by the kidneys.
Epinephrine causes physiological changes in the body, such as constriction of blood vessels, dilation of pupils, increased heart and respiratory rate, and the metabolism of glucose.
All of these responses to a single stimuli aid in protecting the individual, whether the decision is made to stay and fight, or run away and avoid danger.
The digestive system can respond to external stimuli, such as the sight or smell of food, and cause physiological changes before the food ever enters the body.
The sight and smell of food are strong enough stimuli to cause salivation, gastric and pancreatic enzyme secretion, and endocrine secretion in preparation for the incoming nutrients; by starting the digestive process before food reaches the stomach, the body is able to more effectively and efficiently metabolize food into necessary nutrients.
These neurons act as sensory receptors that can detect changes, such as food entering the small intestine, in the digestive tract.
Depending on what these sensory receptors detect, certain enzymes and digestive juices from the pancreas and liver can be secreted to aid in metabolism and breakdown of food.
Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permit the noninvasive visualization of activated regions of the brain while the test subject is exposed to different stimuli.
in a recent paper published in the Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery monitored the response of test rats to pain stimuli by inducing an acute, external heat stimulus and measuring hindlimb withdrawal times (HLWT).
It broadcasts on FM on 96.7 (West Kent, Wrotham transmitter), 97.6 (Folkestone area) and 104.2 (East Kent, Swingate transmitter) and DAB.
The station gained its current name when operations expanded to Kent on 2 July 1983 as part of the BBC's policy of operating countywide stations.
Radio Medway was closed down by long serving staff member Rod Lucas, who was also the first voice to be heard on the new BBC Radio Kent.
In July 1986, the studios moved to the nearby Sun Pier, from where it broadcast in stereo for the first time.
In 1994, BBC Radio Kent stopped broadcasting on 1035khz MW due to the frequency being reallocated to a new London-wide commercial radio station.
In 2001, the station moved to The Great Hall in Royal Tunbridge Wells, to combine with new television studios for the BBC South East region covering Kent and Sussex.
From here BBC Radio Kent operates a total of four studios - two for programmes, one for news bulletins, and one network contributions area.
BBC Radio Kent also operated a studio and office in The Wendy House (a building close to the original Sun Pier site in Chatham) although this has since closed, and small contributions studios in Dover and Canterbury.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Kent also carries regional programming for the South, South East and East regions, including some of its own weekend output.
The Pic du Midi de Bigorre or simply the Pic du Midi (elevation ) is a mountain in the French Pyrenees.
The Pic du Midi Observatory () is an astronomical observatory located at 2877 meters on top of the Pic du Midi de Bigorre in the French Pyrenees.
It is part of the Midi-Pyrenees Observatory (; OMP) which has additional research stations in the southwestern French towns of Tarbes, Lannemezan, and Auch, as well as many partnerships in South America, Africa, and Asia, due to the guardianship it receives from the French Research Institute for Development (IRD).
Construction of the observatory began in 1878 under the auspices of the Société Ramond, but by 1882 the society decided that the spiralling costs were beyond its relatively modest means, and yielded the observatory to the French state, which took it into its possession by a law of 7 August 1882.
A 1.06-meter (42-inch) telescope was installed in 1963, funded by NASA and was used to take detailed photographs of the surface of the Moon in preparation for the Apollo missions.
In 1965 the astronomers Pierre and Janine Connes were able to formulate a detailed analysis of the composition of the atmospheres on Mars and Venus, based on the infrared spectra gathered from these planets.
This served as a basis for James Lovelock, a scientist working for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, to predict that those planets had no life - a fact that would be proven and scientifically accepted years after.
A 2-meter telescope, known as the Bernard Lyot Telescope was placed at the observatory in 1980 on top of a 28-meter column built off to the side to avoid wind turbulence affecting the seeing of the other telescopes.
Saturn's moon Helene (Saturn XII or Dione B), was discovered by French astronomers Pierre Laques and Jean Lecacheux in 1980 from ground-based observations at Pic du Midi, and named Helene in 1988.
The main-belt asteroid 20488 Pic-du-Midi, discovered at Pises Observatory in 1999, was named for the observatory and the mountain it is located on.
Officially initiated in 2009, during the international year of astronomy, the Pic du Midi International Dark Sky Reserve (IDSR) was labeled in 2013 by the International Dark-Sky Association.
Co-managed by the Syndicat mixte for the tourist promotion of the Pic du Midi, the Pyrénées National Park and the Departmental Energy Union 65, its priority actions are the public education on the impacts and consequences of these pollutions as well as the establishment of responsible lighting in the Haut-Pyrenean territory.
Seasonal lag is extreme during winter and spring, with February being the clearly coldest month, and May having mean temperatures below freezing.
She came to the attention of history when, in 330 BC, Alexander burned down the palace of Persepolis, the principal residence of the defeated Achaemenid dynasty, after a drinking party.
Cleitarchus claims that the destruction was a whim; Plutarch and Diodorus recount that it was intended as retribution for Xerxes' burning of the old Temple of Athena on the Acropolis in Athens (the site of the extant Parthenon) in 480 BC during the Persian Wars.
T. D. Ogden suggests that Ptolemy took her over at some later point, though other writers believe she was always Ptolemy's companion.
Whatever the legal status of their relationship, Thaïs was never portrayed as Ptolemy's queen, nor were her children treated as heirs to his throne.
Ptolemy had other wives, first Eurydice of Egypt, and later Berenice I of Egypt, who became his principal consort and mother of his heir.
Her larger-than-life persona has resulted in characters named Thaïs appearing in several literary works, the most famous of which are listed below.
Dante's Thaïs may or may not be intended to represent the historical courtesan, but the words ascribed to her derive from Cicero's quotations from Terence.
BBC Local Radio is the BBC's local and regional radio service for England and the Channel Islands, consisting of forty stations.
They cover a variety of areas; with some serving a city and surrounding areas, for example BBC Radio Manchester; a county, for example BBC Radio Norfolk; a conurbation, for example BBC WM; or a region, for example BBC Radio Solent.
The stations were launched progressively; starting with BBC Radio Leicester on 8 November 1967, with the last station to launch being the short-lived BBC Dorset FM on 26 April 1993.
Since then, many local radio stations have been merged and renamed but no new stations have been created where no service previously existed as plans to launch stations in unserved areas, most notably in Cheshire, have come to nothing.
The popularity of pirate radio was to challenge a change within the (then) very 'stiff' and blinkered management at the BBC.
The most prominent concession by the BBC was the creation of BBC Radio 1; to satisfy the ever-demanding new youth culture with their thirst for new, popular music.
Initially, stations had to be co-funded by the BBC and local authorities, which only some Labour-controlled areas proved willing to do.
Radio Leicester was the first to launch on 8 November 1967, followed by Leeds, Stoke, Durham, Sheffield, Merseyside, Brighton, and Nottingham.
By the early 1970s, the local authority funding requirement was dropped, and stations spread across the country; many city-based stations later expand their remit to cover an entire county.
When this finally finished, it was deemed so successful that all of the stations, except BBC Radio Durham, remained on air.
In addition to this, more followed in 1970 and 1971; BBC Radio Birmingham, Bristol, Blackburn, Derby, Humberside, London, Manchester, Medway, Newcastle (replacing BBC Radio Durham), Oxford, Solent, and Teesside.
Despite the success of this, the original stations were seen as flawed, as they originally only broadcast on the FM waveband, and not on the more widely available AM waveband.
As a result, many of the BBC Local Radio stations found themselves in direct competition with commercial competitors; who utilised the popular 'DJs' from the pirate radio stations, and who gained in most cases, large audiences.
The radio stations are operated from locations around the country that usually share with the BBC regional news services, and their news gathering bureaux.
The stations are operated by the region in which the station is based, and are responsible to the BBC English Regions department, a division of BBC News.
The remit for each Local Radio station is the same: to offer a primarily speech based service; comprising news and information, complemented by music.
The target audience of BBC Local Radio are listeners aged over 50, who are not served as well as other age groups on the BBC.
Each station produces most of their own programmes, however, some off-peak programming is produced from one station, and covering all stations in the region, some is simulcast with other neighbouring regions, and most of the stations simulcast BBC Radio 5 Live overnight when the local station is off air.
There were also opt-out services covering Milton Keynes (BBC Three Counties Radio), Peterborough and the Fens (BBC Radio Cambridgeshire), Plymouth (BBC Radio Devon), and Swindon (BBC Wiltshire); but these ceased in 2012 due to cutbacks as part of the BBC's 'Delivering Quality First' programme.
Between October 2009 and April 2012, a generic jingle package produced by Mcasso Music Production was gradually rolled out across the network, and is now in use by all BBC Local Radio stations.
In January 2020, BBC Radio Leicester launched a brand new custom made jingle package by Reelworld, based in Media City UK, Manchester.
Descriptions of the characters, created by the BBC, were given to all their local radio presenters as representative target listeners during the 2000s.
At the 2005 Frank Gillard Awards for BBC Local Radio, the corporation hired two actors to represent the fictional couple, and award a prize to the 'Receptionist of the Year'.
It had no horizontal tail surfaces, depending instead on combined elevator and aileron control surfaces (called elevons) for control in pitch and roll attitudes, almost exactly in the manner of the similar-format, rocket-powered Messerschmitt Me 163 of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe.
Some aerodynamicists had proposed that eliminating the horizontal tail would also do away with stability problems at fast speeds (called shock stall) resulting from the interaction of supersonic shock waves from the wings and the horizontal stabilizers.
Two X-4s were built by the Northrop Corporation, but the first was found to be mechanically unsound and after ten flights it was grounded and used to provide parts for the second.
While being tested from 1950 to 1953 at the NACA High-Speed Flight Research Station (now Edwards Air Force Base), the X-4's semi-tailless configuration exhibited inherent longitudinal stability problems (porpoising) as it approached the speed of sound.
It was believed in the 1940s that a design without horizontal stabilizers would avoid the interaction of shock waves between the wing and stabilizers.
The United States Army Air Forces signed a contract with the Northrop Aircraft Company on 11 June 1946, to build two X-4s.
The resulting aircraft was very compact, only large enough to hold two Westinghouse J30 jet engines, a pilot, instrumentation, and a 45-minute fuel supply.
It underwent taxi tests and made its first flight on December 15, 1948, with Northrop test pilot Charles Tucker at the controls.
Despite this, the contractor flight program dragged on until February 1950, before both aircraft were turned over to the Air Force and the NACA.
The initial NACA X-4 flights, which continued from late 1950 through May of 1951, focused on the aircraft's sensitivity to pitch.
NACA pilots Griffith and Scott Crossfield noted that as the X-4's speed approached Mach 0.88, it began a pitch oscillation of increasing severity, which was likened to driving on a washboard road.
This combined yaw, pitch and roll, which grew more severe as the speed increased, was a precursor to the inertial coupling which would become a major challenge in the years to come.
The results were positive, with Jones commenting that the X-4's flight qualities had been greatly improved, and the aircraft did not have pitch control problems up to a speed of Mach 0.92.
The tests continued through October 1951, until wing tank fuel leaks forced the aircraft to be grounded until March 1952, when the landing tests resumed.
The thickened flap/speed brake tests had been encouraging, so balsa wood strips were reinstalled on both the flap/speed brake and the elevons.
The first flight was made by Jones on 19 May 1952, but one of the engines was damaged during the flight, and it was August before a replacement J30 could be found.
When the flights resumed, they showed that the modifications had improved stability in both pitch and yaw, and delayed the nosedown trim changes from Mach 0.74 to Mach 0.91.
In May 1953, the balsa wood strips were again removed, and the X-4's dynamic stability was studied in the original flap/speed brake and elevon configuration.
The first X-4, AF serial number 46-676, was transferred to the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, before being returned to Edwards Air Force Base.
46-676 has been restored as of August 2012, and is currently being held in storage pending placement in the Edwards Museum.
The second X-4 went to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio, where it remains on display.
The X-4's primary importance involved proving a negative, in that a swept-wing semi-tailless design was not suitable for speeds near Mach 1, although the F7U Cutlass proved to be something of a counterexample—the developed version was the first aircraft to demonstrate stores separation above Mach 1.
Semi-tailless designs appeared on the X-36, Have Blue, F-117, and Bird of Prey, although these aircraft all differed significantly in shape from the X-4.
The trend during its test program was already towards delta and modified delta aircraft such as the Douglas F4D, the Convair F-102A derived from the XF-92A, and the Avro Vulcan.
The species does not occur in Africa and it was suggested that the specimen had been obtained on the Indonesian island of Java.
At the place of today's Strachocina once there were as much as four villages at the same time: Strachocina, Strachocina Wola, Szwanczyce and Meszewa.
Local tradition has it that there lived three kinds of people in the village: serfs (persons in a condition of feudal servitude, required to render services to a lord and attached to the lord's land), tenants of the estate, and szlachta zaściankowa (village noblemen).
Today they show in the local church an old baptismal basin made of stone and are assert that it was used to baptize the future saint.
At the border of the village there is a parish church of St. Catharina from the turn of 19th and 20th centuries.
Near it one can find a monument of the Saint Andrew, 600-year-old oaks, a St. Maximilian cloister for nuns, and a newly built pilgrim's hostel.
In the woods of Strachocina there is a natural gas reservoir and drilling area which is now used for the underground storage of natural gas from Russia.
It concludes that, without concerted action, there could be up to 325 million extremely poor people living in the 49 countries most exposed to the full range of natural hazards and climate extremes in 2040.
It broadcast from its studios in Brighton and Guildford on FM, AM and on DAB on the NOW Sussex Coast multiplex.
BBC Radio Sussex had originally been founded on 14 February 1968 as BBC Radio Brighton, broadcasting from studios in Marlborough Place.
Once planned as a stand-alone radio station, it eventually launched on 14 November 1991 as a limited opt-out service of BBC Radio Sussex, broadcasting from newly built studios on the campus of the University of Surrey in Guildford.
The two stations were merged in January 1994 and moved into the Guildford studios; a bone of contention for many Brighton residents who felt they were being deprived of the local station they had enjoyed since 1968 (their campaign to bring the station back to Brighton was to succeed twelve years later).
Initially called BBC Radio Sussex and Surrey, the station relaunched with the name BBC Southern Counties Radio on 1 August 1994.
It became the first BBC Local Radio station to adopt an all-speech format, with the broadcast slogan 'all talk all the time'.
Presenters included Gordon Astley, Tommy Boyd, Peter Heaton-Jones, Al Clarke, Alison Taylor and Eric Dixon; however there were to be numerous presenter and schedule changes over the next three years.
The next revamp occurred on 1 September 1997, when the station reverted to a more traditional mix of talk and music, and introduced new presenters such as Chris Ashley, John Radford Giles Dilnot, Bill Buckley and Simon Bates, who presented the Sunday morning show.
Further changes followed, including the departure in 2005 of Brighton Breakfast Show presenter JoAnne Good who left to work at BBC London 94.9 and was replaced by Sarah Gorrell.
Four of the presenters, Bill Buckley, John Radford, Ed Douglas and Dominic Busby left the station shortly before the relaunch of 2006.
Three presenters were recruited and started broadcasting on the station on 3 April 2006, the day of the relaunch: Gordon Astley was taken on to present daily shows, just as he had done in the 1990s; Fred Marden was recruited to present the Surrey breakfast show; and one-time Radio Sussex sports reporter Richard Lindfield also rejoined.
Increasingly, in recent years, BBC Southern Counties Radio worked to provide extensive and interactive coverage of the Brighton Festival and Fringe.
Aside from dedicating a daily hour-long show to Brighton's Festivals, it also provided in-depth internet coverage, including reviews, features and video clips.
From September 1997 there were separate news services for Sussex and Surrey, and separate breakfast shows for both counties, using a split frequency system.
A one-hour Drivetime programme and Saturday breakfast show for Surrey were introduced at this point - however the Surrey output was now only available to listeners in the west of the county, on 104.6 FM.
The 104.0 FM frequency, which covers parts of both East Surrey and the north of West Sussex and previously carried the Surrey programming, was switched to carry the Sussex output.
The reasoning behind this was to give listeners in Crawley and East Grinstead a more relevant service, at the expense of those in East Surrey where audience figures have been in decline, but from 16 October 2006, 104.0 FM reverted to the Surrey output.
There were also separate sports shows on Saturday afternoon, allowing listeners in north-east Hampshire and Surrey can listen to live commentaries from the local Conference teams, Aldershot Town, Woking and Crawley Town, whilst listeners in Sussex can listen to Brighton's games.
On Wednesday 26 April 2006, Top Gear presenters Jeremy Clarkson, James May and Richard Hammond presented the Drivetime show from the Brighton studio.
Evening programming throughout the week was networked with counterpart BBC Local Radio stations in the South and South East (namely Radio Solent, Radio Berkshire, Radio Oxford and Radio Kent).
This allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain.
The brain will receive the sensory input while the reflex is being carried out and the analysis of the signal takes place after the reflex action.
Autonomic reflexes sometimes involve the spinal cord and some somatic reflexes are mediated more by the brain than the spinal cord.
When a reflex arc in an animal consists of only one sensory neuron and one motor neuron, it is defined as monosynaptic, referring to the presence of a single chemical synapse.
In the case of peripheral muscle reflexes (patellar reflex, achilles reflex), brief stimulation to the muscle spindle results in contraction of the agonist or effector muscle.
When the patellar tendon is tapped just below the knee, the tap initiates an action potential in a specialized structure known as a muscle spindle located within the quadriceps.
The result of this motor nerve activity is contraction of the quadriceps muscle, leading to extension of the lower leg at the knee (i.e.
The sensory input from the quadriceps also activates local interneurons that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine onto motor neurons of antagonist muscles, blocking their stimulation (in this case the hamstring muscles).
In lower animals reflex interneurons do not necessarily reside in the spinal cord, for example as in the lateral giant neuron of crayfish.
GLV-10 in Traralgon was the first regional television station to launch in Australia, on 9 December 1961, originally covering the Gippsland and Latrobe Valley areas.
The original transmission equipment consisted of a 10 kW and 2 kW transmitter (standby) which was based on the RCA product and adapted to 230 V 50 Hz by AWA.
BCV-8 first went to air two weeks later, on 23 December 1961 (the same day as the launch of GMV-6 Shepparton), serving Bendigo and Central Victoria.
Since the station had no video recording equipment, engineers were forced to rely on picking up the original signal at the transmitter site to relay back to the studio.
As the sole commercial television station in the region, GLV's program lineup included local output such as news and children's programs, combined with programs selected from Melbourne's commercial stations - the Nine Network (GTV-9), Seven Network (HSV-7), and from 1964, Network Ten (ATV-0).
On 20 January 1980, GLV-10 changed frequency from VHF channel 10 to 8, to allow neighbouring Melbourne television station ATV-0 to move to the channel 10 frequency to eliminate interference problems on VHF-0.
When aggregation in regional Victoria took place between 1992 and 1993, the Southern Cross Network expanded to Shepparton, Ballarat and Albury as an affiliate of Network Ten.
On 30 November 2000, GLV-8 moved again to UHF channel 37, in order to allow another Melbourne station, this time GTV-9 to commence digital television transmissions on Channel 8 without interference.
On 1 July 2016, Southern Cross switched its primary affiliation from Network Ten to the Nine Network in Queensland, Southern NSW, ACT, South Australia and Victoria.
In April 1987, the Melbourne-based news became sourced from GTV-9 as HSV-7 had changed its news format to a one-hour bulletin.
Local news was reintroduced to the station in 2004 in the form of three-minute updates at various times of the day.
The new SC9 serves as the Nine News regional broadcaster to regional Victoria viewers, with the state and local level news provided by GTV-9 in Melbourne.
Radio Berkshire broadcasts on 94.6 (Henley-on-Thames), 95.4 (Windsor), 104.1 (Hannington) and 104.4 (Reading) FM from its studios at Thames Valley Park near Reading.
The station is also available on DAB, Freeview, and through live streaming on the internet, also on demand for thirty days after broadcast through the BBC iPlayer.
The station began on 21 January 1992, starting as a sister station of Radio Oxford, broadcasting for part of the weekday and weekend mornings.
Due to financial cutbacks, BBC Director-General John Birt announced that it was to merge with BBC Radio Oxford on 9 April 1996 to become BBC Thames Valley FM.
BBC Radio Berkshire was named Station of the Year in the 2012 Frank Gillard Awards, also winning in the Sports Coverage category for its coverage of olympic rowing at Eton Dorney.
In the 2013 Sony Radio Academy Awards the Andrew Peach programme won bronze in the category Breakfast Show of the Year (under 10 million).
Since 31 July 2004, DAB broadcasts have come from the NOW Digital Berkshire & North Hampshire 12D multiplex from Coppid Beech (at the junction of the B3408 and A329(M) in west Bracknell), Hannington and Hemdean (just north of Caversham).
The majority of the station's programmes are produced and broadcast from their state of the art studios in Thames Valley Park, Reading.
The studios were especially designed for BBC Berkshire following the sale of Caversham Park House, which was their location for many years.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Berkshire also carries regional programmes for the South and South East regions, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Solent, BBC Radio Kent and BBC Radio Oxford.
Instead of selling by going door-to-door, they set up a store where buyers could purchase goods on the spot with cash.
Mitsukoshi was unlisted on March 26, 2008, and on April 1, it merged with Isetan under a joint holding company called Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. ().
In April 5, 2019, Mitsukoshi announced that it would further expand its Asian presence by having a Filipino branch established by 2021 at Bonifacio Global Center.
The first Mitsukoshi in Hong Kong, covering 12000 sq meters on 4 levels, opened at 500 Hennessy Road, Causeway Bay on 26 August 1981.
After the liberation of Korea and the defeat of Japan in 1945, Samsung took over this store and renamed it Shinsegae (신세계; Shinsegae; lit.
Transduction in the nervous system typically refers to stimulus-alerting events wherein a physical stimulus is converted into an action potential, which is transmitted along axons towards the central nervous system for integration.
Receptors are broadly split into two main categories: exteroceptors, which receive external sensory stimuli, and interoceptors, which receive internal sensory stimuli.
In the visual system, sensory cells called rod and cone cells in the retina convert the physical energy of light signals into electrical impulses that travel to the brain.
This conformational change sets in motion a series of molecular events that result in a reduction of the electrochemical gradient of the photoreceptor.
Thus, in this example, more light hitting the photoreceptor results in the transduction of a signal into fewer electrical impulses, effectively communicating that stimulus to the brain.
Because of the change, a change in light intensity causes the response of the rods to be much slower than expected (for a process associated with the nervous system).
Within the cochlea, the hair cells on the sensory epithelium of the organ of Corti bend and cause movement of the basilar membrane.
Hair cells are then able to convert this movement (mechanical energy) into electrical signals (graded receptor potentials) which travel along auditory nerves to hearing centres in the brain.
In the gustatory system, perception of five primary taste qualities (sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami [savoriness] ) depends on taste transduction pathways, through taste receptor cells, G proteins, ion channels, and effector enzymes.
In the somatosensory system the sensory transduction mainly involves the conversion of the mechanical signal such as pressure, skin compression, stretch, vibration to electro-ionic impulses through the process of mechanotransduction.
She was introduced by a friend to author and businessman John Gillespie, whom she married in 2001, and she gave birth to their son Austin in 2004.
Orlean (portrayed by Meryl Streep, who won a Golden Globe for the performance) was, in effect, made into a fictional character; the movie portrayed her as becoming Laroche's lover and partner in a drug production operation, in which orchids were processed into a psychoactive substance.
When her son Austin had an assignment to interview a city employee, he chose a librarian and together they visited the Studio City branch of the Los Angeles Public Library system which reignited her own childhood passion for libraries.
Olrean joined Brendan O'Meara on The Creative Nonfiction Podcast for Episode 61 to talk about the entrepreneurial nature of a writing career.
It forms the western terminus of the Port of Piraeus (Athens' port) and there is also a passenger port that provides ferry services to Salamis Island.
He was a member of the Tibet Song-and-Dance Ensemble, but began to gain a following in Lhasa from singing in karaoke and nangma bars.
He assimilated much of the style of 1980s Chinese language pop into his singing and the synthesised orchestral accompaniments of his songs.
He was clearly a product of the new media rather than traditional Tibetan singing, using a soft crooning voice rather than the loud, projecting voice of traditional Tibetan singing, yet the melodies of the songs he sang inherited a strong Tibetan character, with their wide vocal range and long phrases.
Some of Jampa Tsering's songs were restricted in Lhasa in the late 1980s and early 1990s due to their political nature.
It is mostly the Batley and Spen parliamentary constituency, and had an estimated population of 17,066 in March 2001, reducing to 16,986 at the 2011 Census.
After the Norman conquest, William confiscated the land and divided it amongst his followers, one of which, Ilbert de Lacy, was made Baron of Pontefract and over-lord of vast stretches of land, including the Spen Valley.
The Poll Tax of 1379 records there were seven families in Heckmondwike, about 35 people including one named Thomas of Stubly.
The town became famous for manufacturing blankets and by 1811 the Blanket Hall was built for trade in the town's primary manufacture.
The Heckmondwike footwear company, Goliath, or Co-op Boot Company, made football boots for Sir Stanley Matthews, The Brunswick Mill site is being redeveloped for housing.
Located at the edge of the Pennine hills, the land rises to the north, east and south of the town centre.
The town covers an area of one square mile (640 acres), the town boundary is not the same as the ward boundary.
In 2003 the ward elected David Exley of the British National Party, after the serving councillor left the Labour Party to run as an independent.
32 teams took part with players travelling from Belgium, France, Slovakia as well as from across the UK to take part.
The 2018 final was won by players from the Chiltern region and was live streamed to over 10,000 people via Facebook.
Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt (born Maria Mercedes Morgan; 23 August 1904 13 February 1965) was a Swiss-born American socialite best known as the mother of fashion designer and artist Gloria Vanderbilt and maternal grandmother of television journalist Anderson Cooper.
Born at the Grand Hotel National in Lucerne, Switzerland, as Maria Mercedes Morgan, she was a daughter of Henry Hays Morgan, Sr. (1860–1933), an American diplomat, who served as U.S. consul general in Buenos Aires, Argentina; Berlin, Germany; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Havana, Cuba; and Brussels, Belgium.
Her mother was his second wife, the former Laura Delphine Kilpatrick (1877–1956); the couple was married in 1894 and divorced in 1927.
Her maternal grandfather, Hugh Judson Kilpatrick (1836–1881), was a Union Army general during the American Civil War, who also served as the U.S. minister to Chile.
Her maternal grandmother, Luisa Kilpatrick, née Valdivieso Araoz, was a member of a wealthy Chilean family that had emigrated from Spain in the 17th century.
Gloria Morgan was educated by governesses and in convents in Europe as well as New York City, where she attended the Catholic Convent of the Sacred Heart (in the Manhattanville section of the city), the Skerton Finishing School, and Miss Nightingale's School.
In October 1921, with their father's permission, Morgan and her sister Thelma, both reportedly 16 years of age, ended their schooling and moved by themselves into an apartment at 40 Fifth Avenue, a private townhouse.
On 6 March 1923, in New York City, at the townhouse of friends, Gloria Morgan—then believed to be 19 years of age and having received the legal consent of her father to wed—became the second wife of Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt, age 42, an heir to the Vanderbilt railroad fortune.
Following his death, his young widow became the administrator of a $2.5 million trust left to their daughter, Gloria, and spent the better part of the next six years living in Paris, Biarritz, and London, with her mother and child and often in the company of her sisters and brother, all of whom lived in France and England with their respective spouses.
The conditions of Vanderbilt's will and the custody of their child, however, were complicated by the general belief that his widow had not reached the legal age of majority, which meant that she herself required a guardian.
Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt believed that she was 20, rather than 21, because her mother had long declared the twins' birth year as 1905 rather than 1904.
The discrepancy was discovered upon an examination of the Morgan twins' childhood passports and their birth certificates during the Vanderbilt custody trial in 1934.
Influenced by reports from private detectives as well as family servants and Laura Morgan (who appears by all published accounts to have been somewhat emotionally and mentally unbalanced and who testified on Mrs. Whitney's side at the trial), members of the Vanderbilt family came to believe that Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt was a bad influence and neglectful of her daughter.
As a result of a great deal of hearsay evidence admitted at trial, the scandalous allegations of Vanderbilt's lifestyle—including a purported lesbian relationship with Nadezhda de Torby, the Marchioness of Milford Haven, and a brief engagement to Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg—led to a new standard in tabloid newspaper sensationalism.
The court also removed Vanderbilt as administrator of her daughter's trust fund, whose annual investment income had been her only source of support.
In 1946, the widow was once more in the news when her daughter announced she would no longer be paying her mother an annual $21,000 allowance.
Saying that her mother was able to work and had done so in the past, Gloria Vanderbilt stated the annual allowance would now be given to a charity for blind and starving children.
From the 1940s until their deaths, Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt and her sister Thelma, Lady Furness, lived together in New York City and in Los Angeles, California.
It has also been introduced to New Zealand, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, the Lesser Antilles, and some countries in Europe, such as the Czech Republic, Finland, Romania, Serbia, Germany, and France.
In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, aside from Lower California.
The conversion of land adjacent to the Canadian Rockies into agriculture use and partial clear-cutting of coniferous trees (resulting in widespread deciduous vegetation) has been favorable to the white-tailed deer and has pushed its distribution to as far north as Yukon.
Populations of deer around the Great Lakes have also expanded their range northwards, due to conversion of land to agricultural uses favoring more deciduous vegetation, and local caribou and moose populations.
The westernmost population of the species, known as the Columbian white-tailed deer, once was widespread in the mixed forests along the Willamette and Cowlitz River valleys of western Oregon and southwestern Washington, but today its numbers have been considerably reduced, and it is classified as near-threatened.
Genetic studies, however, suggest fewer subspecies within the animal's range, as compared to the 30 to 40 subspecies that some scientists have described in the last century.
Several local deer populations, especially in the southern states, are descended from white-tailed deer transplanted from various localities east of the Continental Divide.
Some of these deer populations may have been from as far north as the Great Lakes region to as far west as Texas, yet are also quite at home in the Appalachian and Piedmont regions of the south.
Central and South America have a complex number of white-tailed deer subspecies that range from Guatemala to as far south as Peru.
This list of subspecies of deer is more exhaustive than the list of North American subspecies, and the number of subspecies is also questionable.
However, the white-tailed deer populations in these areas are difficult to study, due to overhunting in many parts and a lack of protection.
The deer's coat is a reddish-brown in the spring and summer and turns to a grey-brown throughout the fall and winter.
A population of white-tailed deer in New York is entirely white (except for areas like their noses and toes)—not albino—in color.
An indication of a deer age is the length of the snout and the color of the coat, with older deer tending to have longer snouts and grayer coats.
The white-tailed deer is highly variable in size, generally following Bergmann's rule that the average size is larger farther away from the Equator.
North American male deer (also known as a buck) usually weigh , but mature bucks over have been recorded in the northernmost reaches of their native range, specifically, Minnesota and Ontario.
In 1926, Carl J. Lenander, Jr., took a white-tailed buck near Tofte, MN, that weighed after it was field-dressed (internal organs and blood removed) and was estimated at when alive.
White-tailed deer from the tropics and the Florida Keys are markedly smaller-bodied than temperate populations, averaging , with an occasional adult female as small as .
White-tailed deer from the Andes are larger than other tropical deer of this species, and have thick, slightly woolly looking fur.
This makes it very convenient to use deer-hunter orange as a safety color on caps and clothing to avoid accidental shootings during hunting seasons.
The number of points, the length, or thickness of the antlers is not a general indication of age because antler growth is dependent on the diet of the deer, particularly protein intake.
Some say spiked-antler deer should be culled from the population to produce larger branching antler genetics (antler size does not indicate overall health), and some bucks' antlers never will be wall trophies.
They can have bony protrusions up to a half inch in length, but that is very rare, and they are not the same as spikes.
The Boone and Crockett or Pope and Young scoring systems also define relative degrees of typicality and atypicality by procedures to measure what proportion of the antlers is asymmetrical.
Although most often thought of as forest animals depending on relatively small openings and edges, white-tailed deer can equally adapt themselves to life in more open prairie, savanna woodlands, and sage communities as in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
White-tailed deer may occur in areas that are also exploited by elk (wapiti) such as in mixed deciduous river valley bottomlands and formerly in the mixed deciduous forest of eastern United States.
In places such as Glacier National Park in Montana and several national parks in the Columbian Mountains (Mount Revelstoke National Park) and Canadian Rocky Mountains, as well as in the Yukon Territory (Yoho National Park and Kootenay National Park), white-tailed deer are shy and more reclusive than the coexisting mule deer, elk, and moose.
Central American white-tailed deer prefer tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, seasonal mixed deciduous forests, savanna, and adjacent wetland habitats over dense tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests.
The first type, similar to the Central American deer, consists of savannas, dry deciduous forests, and riparian corridors that cover much of Venezuela and eastern Colombia.
The Andean white-tailed deer seem to retain gray coats due to the colder weather at high altitudes, whereas the lowland savanna forms retain the reddish brown coats.
The introduction was successful, and the deer have recently begun spreading through northern Scandinavia and southern Karelia, competing with, and sometimes displacing, native species.
White-tailed deer eat large amounts of food, commonly eating legumes and foraging on other plants, including shoots, leaves, cacti (in deserts), prairie forbs, and grasses.
Though almost entirely herbivorous, white-tailed deer have been known to opportunistically feed on nesting songbirds, field mice, and birds trapped in mist nets, if the need arises.
Each chamber has a different and specific function that allows the deer to eat a variety of different foods, digesting it at a later time in a safe area of cover.
There are several natural predators of white-tailed deer with wolves (Gray, Eastern and Red species), cougars, American alligators, jaguars (in the American southwest, Mexico, and Central and South America) and humans being the most effective natural predators.
Aside from humans, these predators frequently pick out easily caught young or infirm deer (which is believed to improve the genetic stock of a population), but can and do take healthy adults of any size.
Bears may sometimes attack adult deer, while lynxes, coyotes, and wolverines are most likely to take adult deer when the ungulates are weakened by harsh winter weather.
Records exist of American crows attempting to prey on white-tailed deer fawns by pecking around their face and eyes, though no accounts of success are given.
Most natural predators of white-tailed deer hunt by ambush, although canids may engage in an extended chase, hoping to exhaust the prey.
Cougars and jaguars will initially knock the deer off balance with their powerful forelegs, whereas the smaller bobcats and lynxes will jump astride the deer to deliver a killing bite.
In the case of canids and wolverines, the predators bite at the limbs and flanks, hobbling the deer, until they can reach vital organs and kill it through loss of blood.
Bears, which usually target fawns, often simply knock down the prey and then start eating it while it is still alive.
Alligators snatch deer as they try to drink from or cross bodies of water, grabbing them with their powerful jaws and dragging them into the water to drown.
Most primary natural predators of white-tailed deer have been basically extirpated in eastern North America, with a very small number of reintroduced red wolves, which are nearly extinct, around North Carolina and a small remnant population of Florida panthers, a subspecies of the cougar.
Gray wolves, the leading cause of deer mortality where they overlap, co-occur with whitetails in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and parts of Canada.
Coyotes, widespread and with a rapidly expanding population, are often the only major nonhuman predator of the species, besides an occasional domestic dog.
Discussions have occurred regarding the possible reintroduction of gray wolves and cougars to sections of the eastern United States, largely because of the apparent controlling effect they have through deer predation on local ecosystems, as has been illustrated in the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park and their controlling effect on previously overpopulated elk.
However, due to the heavy urban development in much of the East and fear for livestock and human lives, such ideas have ultimately been rejected by local communities and/or by government services and have not been carried through.
In areas where they are heavily hunted by humans, deer run almost immediately from people and are quite wary even where not heavily hunted.
In most areas where hunting may occur deer seem to develop an acute sense of time and a fondness for metro parks and golf courses.
This rather odd occurrence is best noted in Michigan, where in the lower peninsula around late August early September they begin to move out of less developed areas in favor of living near human settlements.
The deer of Virginia can run faster than their predators and have been recorded at speeds of per hour; this ranks them amongst the fastest of all cervids, alongside the Eurasian roe deer.
If the deer feels extremely threatened, however, it may charge the person or predator causing the threat, using its antlers or, if none are present, its head to fight off the threat.
In certain parts of eastern North America, high deer densities have caused large reductions in plant biomass, including the density and heights of certain forest wildflowers, tree seedlings, and shrubs.
Changes to the structure of forest understories have, in turn, altered the composition and abundance of forest bird communities in some areas.
Deer activity has also been shown to increase herbaceous plant diversity, particularly in disturbed areas, by reducing competitively dominant plants; and to increase the growth rates of important canopy trees, perhaps by increased nutrient inputs into the soil.
The shade-tolerant trees prevent the invasion of less commercial cherry and American beech, which are stronger nutrient competitors, but not as shade tolerant.
Although deer eat shade-tolerant plants and acorns, this is not the only way deer can shift the balance in favor of nutrient competitors.
Since slow-growing oaks need several decades to develop root systems sufficient to compete with faster-growing species, removal of the canopy prior to that point amplifies the effect of deer on succession.
High-density deer populations possibly could browse eastern hemlock seedlings out of existence in northern hardwood forests; however, this scenario seems unlikely, given that deer browsing is not considered the critical factor preventing hemlock re-establishment at large scales.
In a study of eastern hemlock forests, browsing by white-tailed deer caused populations of three exotic plants to rise faster than they do in the areas which are absent of deer.
Seedlings of the three invading species rose exponentially with deer density, while the most common native species fell exponentially with deer density, because deer were preferentially eating the native species.
Several methods have been developed in attempts to curb the population of white-tailed deer, and these can be separated into lethal and nonlethal strategies.
Most common in the U.S is the use of extended hunting as population control, as well as a way to provide natural meat for humans.
In Maryland and many other states, a state agency sets regulations on bag limits and hunting in the area depending on the deer population levels assessed.
Hunting seasons may fluctuate in duration, or restrictions may be set to affect how many deer or what type of deer can be hunted in certain regions.
These would include young bucks and females, encouraging the culling of does which would otherwise contribute to increasing populations via offspring production.
More refined than public hunting is a method referred to as sharpshooting by the Deer Task Force in the city of Bloomington, Indiana.
This strategy may work in areas close to human populations, since it is done by professional marksmen, and requires a submitted plan of action to the city with details on the time and location of the event, as well as number of deer to be culled.
Another controversial method involves trapping the deer in a net or other trap, and then administering a chemical euthanizing agent or extermination by firearm.
A main issue in questioning the humaneness of this method is the stress that the deer endure while trapped and awaiting extermination.
While lethal methods have municipal support as being the most effective in the short term, some opponents to this view suggest no significant impacts of deer extermination on the populations occur.
Opponents of contraceptive methods point out that fertility control cannot provide meat and proves ineffective over time as populations in open-field systems move about.
Fertility control also does nothing to affect the current population and the effects their grazing may be having on the forest plant make-up.
Another concern in using this method is the possible spread of chronic wasting disease found in the deer family and the lack of research on its effect on human populations.
This means that 1 out of every 162 drivers in the US had a collision with a large deer related animal.
Because of the decline in numbers of natural predators such as wolves, cougars, bear, bobcat, and coyotes, and the ever rising opposition of anti-hunting groups, whitetail deer have not only become a nuisance, but they have become destructive and dangerous.
The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported that the estimated loss in field crops, nuts, fruits, and vegetables in 2001 was near $765 million.
Whitetail deer seasons and the hunting industry provides over $500 million worth of revenue per year in the state of Tennessee alone.
Bucks attempt to copulate with as many females as possible, losing physical condition, since they rarely eat or rest during the rut.
Any time the temperature rises above , the males do much less traveling looking for females, else they will be subject to overheating or dehydrating.
Females enter estrus, colloquially called the rut, in the autumn, normally in late October or early November, triggered mainly by the declining photoperiod.
Some does may be as young as six months when they reach sexual maturity, but the average age of maturity is 18 months.
Females give birth to one to three spotted young, known as fawns, in mid- to late spring, generally in May or June.
Fawns lose their spots during the first summer and weigh from 44 to 77 lb (20 to 35 kg) by the first winter.
For the first four weeks, fawns are hidden in vegetation by their mothers, who nurse them four to five times a day.
They are usually weaned after 8–10 weeks, but cases have been seen where mothers have continued to allow nursing long after the fawns have lost their spots (for several months, or until the end of fall) as seen by rehabilitators and other studies.
In addition to the aforementioned blowing in the presence of danger, all white-tailed deer are capable of producing audible noises unique to each animal.
This bleat deepens as the fawn grows until it becomes the grunt of the mature deer, a guttural sound that attracts the attention of any other deer in the area.
White-tailed deer possess many glands that allow them to produce scents, some of which are so potent they can be detected by the human nose.
Secretions from the preorbital glands (in front of the eye) were thought to be rubbed on tree branches, but research suggests this is not so.
The scent from the metatarsal glands, found on the outside of each hind leg, between the ankle and hooves, may be used as an alarm scent.
The scent from the interdigital glands, which are located between the hooves of each foot, emit a yellow waxy substance with an offensive odor.
Deer can be seen stomping their hooves if they sense danger through sight, sound, or smell; this action leaves an excessive amount of odor for the purpose of warning other deer of possible danger.
Throughout the year, deer rub-urinate, a process during which a deer squats while urinating so urine will run down the insides of the deer's legs, over the tarsal glands, and onto the hair covering these glands.
During the breeding season, does release hormones and pheromones that tell bucks a doe is in heat and able to breed.
Bucks also rub trees and shrubs with their antlers and heads during the breeding season, possibly transferring scent from the forehead glands to the tree, leaving a scent other deer can detect.
To make a rub, a buck uses his antlers to strip the bark off small-diameter trees, helping to mark his territory and polish his antlers.
Often occurring in patterns known as scrape lines, scrapes are areas where a buck has used his front hooves to expose bare earth.
They often rub-urinate into these scrapes, which are often found under twigs that have been marked with scent from the forehead glands.
After an outcry by hunters and other conservation ecologists, commercial exploitation of deer became illegal and conservation programs along with regulated hunting were introduced.
Conservation practices have proved so successful, in parts of their range, the white-tailed deer populations currently far exceed their cultural carrying capacity and the animal may be considered a nuisance.
Timber harvesting and forest clearance have historically resulted in increased deer population densities, which in turn have slowed the rate of reforestation following logging in some areas.
High densities of deer can have severe impacts on native plants and animals in parks and natural areas; however, deer browsing can also promote plant and animal diversity in some areas.
Deer can also cause substantial damage to landscape plants in suburban areas, leading to limited hunting or trapping to relocate or sterilize them.
In parts of the Eastern US with high deer populations and fragmented woodlands, deer often wander into suburban and urban habitats that are less than ideal for the species.
Venison, or deer meat, is a natural and nutritious form of animal protein that can be obtained through responsible and regulated deer hunting.
In some areas where their populations are very high, they are considered a pest, and hunting is used as a method to control it.
In New Zealand, America, and Canada, white-tailed deer are kept as livestock, and are extensively as well as intensively farmed for their meat, antlers, and pelts.
Motor vehicle collisions with deer are a serious problem in many parts of the animal's range, especially at night and during rutting season, causing injuries and fatalities among both deer and humans.
By 2009, the insurance industry estimated 2.4 million deer–vehicle collisions had occurred over the past two years, estimating damage cost to be over 7 billion dollars and 300 human deaths.
Vehicle collisions of deer were monitored for two years in Virginia, and the collective annual mortality did not surpass 20% of the estimated deer population.
Fences or road under- or over- passes have been shown to decrease deer-vehicle collisions, but are expensive and difficult to implement on a large scale.
An essential procedure in understanding factors resulting in accidents is to quantify risks, which involves the driver's behavior in terms of and ability to observe the deer.
They suggest reducing speed limits during the winter months when deer density is exceptionally high would likely reduce deer-vehicle collisions, but this may be an impractical solution.
Increased deer populations lead to increased transmission of tick-borne diseases, which pose a threat to human health, to livestock, and to other deer.
Furthermore, the incidence of Lyme disease seems to reflect deer density in the eastern United States, which suggests a strong correlation.
White-tailed deer also serve as intermediate hosts for many diseases that infect humans through ticks, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
In the U.S., the species is the state animal of Arkansas, Illinois, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina, the wildlife symbol of Wisconsin, and game animal of Oklahoma.
The profile of a white-tailed deer buck caps the coat of arms of Vermont and can be seen in the flag of Vermont and in stained glass at the Vermont State House.
Texas is home to the most white-tailed deer of any U.S. state or Canadian province, with an estimated population of over four million.
Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Illinois, Wisconsin, Maryland, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana also boast high deer densities.
In 1884, one of the first hunts of white-tailed deer in Europe was conducted in Opočno and Dobříš (Brdy Mountains area), in what is now the Czech Republic.
Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
Between 1980 and 2000 in a study by Dawe and Boutin, presence of white-tailed deer in Alberta, Canada was driven primarily by changes in the climate.
Another study by Kennedy-Slaney, Bowman, Walpole, and Pond found that if our CO2 emissions remained the same, global warming resulting from the increased greenhouse gases in our atmosphere will allow white-tailed deer to survive further and further north by 2100.
This butterfly effect was also demonstrated in Yellowstone National Park when the rivers changed because wolves were re-introduced to the ecosystem.
It is also possible that the increasing white-tailed deer populations could result in them becoming an invasive species for various plants in Alberta, Canada.
However, as time goes on, they will be able to live longer than they used to meaning the deer are at higher risk of getting sick.
In computer programming, program slicing is the computation of the set of program statements, the program slice, that may affect the values at some point of interest, referred to as a slicing criterion.
Based on the original definition of Weiser, informally, a static program slice S consists of all statements in program P that may affect the value of variable v in a statement x.
The slice is defined for a slicing criterion C=(x,v) where x is a statement in program P and v is variable in x.
A static slice includes all the statements that can affect the value of variable v at statement x for any possible input.
More specifically, to compute the static slice for (x,v), we first find all statements that can directly affect the value of v before statement x is encountered.
Recursively, for each statement y which can affect the value of v in statement x, we compute the slices for all variables z in y that affect the value of v. The union of all those slices is the static slice for (x,v).
When we union all of those statements, we do not have executable code, so to make the slice an executable slice we merely add the end brace for the for loop and the declaration of i.
If V is a set of variables in a statement x, then the slice for (x, V) is the union of all slices with criteria (x, v) where v is a variable in the set V.
Developers will have a very low cost and practical means to estimate the impact of a change within minutes versus days.
This is very important for planning the implementation of new features and understanding how a change is related to other parts of the system.
A fast slicing approach will open up new avenues of research in metrics and the mining of histories based on slicing.
That is, slicing can now be conducted on very large systems and on entire version histories in very practical time frames.
A dynamic slice contains all statements that actually affect the value of a variable at a program point for a particular execution of the program rather than all statements that may have affected the value of a variable at a program point for any arbitrary execution of the program.
In the case of static slicing, since the whole program unit is looked at irrespective of a particular execution of the program, the affected statements in both blocks would be included in the slice.
But, in the case of dynamic slicing we consider a particular execution of the program, wherein the codice_5 block gets executed and the affected statements in the codice_6 block do not get executed.
So, that is why in this particular execution case, the dynamic slice would contain only the statements in the codice_5 block.
The scope is quite broad, including prominent candidates for local and central government office as well as those who achieved such office.
Radek Bonk (born 9 January 1976) is a former Czech professional ice hockey player who most recently played for Oceláři Třinec of the Czech Extraliga.
Bonk was born in Czechoslovakia and began his hockey career playing for Slezan Opava in the Junior Czech league and Zlín in the Czech Extraliga.
He moved to North America in 1993 with a goal of playing in the National Hockey League (NHL) and was signed by the International Hockey League (IHL)'s Las Vegas Thunder, with whom he spent the 1993–94 season as a 17-year-old.
Bonk was an immediate sensation in the IHL and by the end of his first season of the North American brand of hockey he had registered 42 goals and 45 assists for 87 points in 76 games.
NHL scouts took notice, and Bonk found himself at or near the top of all the top prospects lists for the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.
He returned to Las Vegas for the first half of the 1994–95 season while the NHL was shut down by the owners' lockout and registered 20 points in 33 games.
His debut NHL season of 1994–95 was somewhat disappointing, and Bonk scored only 3 goals and 11 points in 42 games.
His progress took some seasoning in his first five years of NHL hockey before he emerged as one of the league's most complete forwards by 1999–2000.
He went on to play for the Senators for 10 seasons, eventually becoming the team’s #1 center under the tutelage of head coach Jacques Martin.
On the day of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft, he was traded to the Los Angeles Kings for a third round draft pick.
The same day, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens along with Cristobal Huet for Mathieu Garon and a third round selection in the 2004 draft.
On 22 July 2009, after 969 games in the NHL it was announced that Bonk agreed to a one-year contract with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl to continue his career in the Russian Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
After only seven games into the 2009–10 season, Bonk left Yaroslavl to return the Czech Republic with Oceláři Třinec in the Czech Extraliga on 8 October 2009.
Radek posted 17 points in 39 games for the season with Oceláři to earn a two-year contract extension on 2 May 2010.
He relocated with his family to Ottawa in 2015, where he plays in a recreational men's hockey league and coaches a youth hockey team on which one of his sons plays.
Bonk is an uncle of Patrik Bartošák, who was drafted 146th overall by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.
Since 1967, he has been a professor of philosophy in Cairo, as well as a visiting professor at universities in France, the United States of America, Belgium, Kuwait and Germany.
Hanafi is a disciple of the phenomenologist Osman Amin, and published a trilogy in which he used Husserl's methods to reconstruct classic Islamic philosophy and to critique the sources and development of European consciousness.
In his more recent works Hanafi has argued that Islam needs to be understood in way that facilitates human freedom and progress.
He is also a member of the Association for Intercultural Philosophy, which encourages a dialogue among philosophers from all over the world.
He is one of the original signatories of A Common Word Between Us and You, an open letter by Islamic scholars to Christian leaders, calling for peace and understanding.
BBC Radio Solent is the BBC Local Radio service for the Isle of Wight and the English counties of Hampshire and Dorset.
Its studios are located in Southampton, in the same purpose-built office block in Havelock Road as the BBC South Today news studios, and there are district offices in Portsmouth, Newport, Bournemouth, Poole and Dorchester.
The station, which began broadcasting on 31 December 1970, is named after the Solent, the area of sea between Southampton, Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight.
In 1996 Radio Solent expanded its coverage into West Dorset and South Dorset by taking over neighbouring BBC Dorset FM, which was formerly an opt-out of BBC Radio Devon.
The service is broadcast on 96.1 FM and 999 AM for Hampshire, the Isle of Wight and eastern Dorset; and on 103.8 FM and 1359 AM for western Dorset; on DAB (NOW South Hampshire and NOW Bournemouth); and via its website using Flash and Windows Media streaming formats.
When broadcasting started, the new studios in Exeter had not yet been finished, so BBC Radio Devon was broadcast from portable cabins for the first few weeks.
Hernán Cortés recruited men for his expedition from Juan de Grijalva's home in Trinidads, and Sancti Spíritus, at the start of his 1518 expedition.
Francisco Iznaga, a Basque landowner in the southern portion of Cuba during the first 30 years of the colonization of Cuba, was elected Mayor of Bayamo in 1540.
Trinidad is one of the best-preserved cities in the Caribbean from the time when the sugar trade was the main industry in the region.
In contrast, some parts of town outside the tourist areas are very run down and in disrepair, especially in the centre.
There are also discothèques, including one in the ruins of a church; another is in a large cave formerly used as a war time hospital.
It broadcasts from its studios on Phoenix Wharf in Truro on 95.2 in the east, 96.0 on the Isles of Scilly and 103.9 in the west MHz FM, as well as on DAB.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Cornwall also carries regional programming for the South West and West regions, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Devon and BBC Radio Somerset.
In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems.
Relaying sends the signal onward, amplification increases the effect of a single ligand, and integration allows the signal to be incorporated into another biochemical pathway.
However, sometimes in pharmacology, the term is also used to include other proteins that are drug targets, such as enzymes, transporters, and ion channels.
A molecule that binds to a receptor is called a ligand, and can be a protein or peptide (short protein), or another small molecule such as a neurotransmitter, hormone, pharmaceutical drug, toxin, or parts of the outside of a virus or microbe.
the endogenous ligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is acetylcholine but the receptor can also be activated by nicotine and blocked by curare.
The structures and actions of receptors may be studied by using biophysical methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, circular dichroism, and dual polarisation interferometry.
Ligands bind to receptors and dissociate from them according to the law of mass action in the following equation, for a ligand L and receptor, R. The brackets around chemical species denote their concentrations.
Note that the idea of receptor agonism and antagonism only refers to the interaction between receptors and ligands and not to their biological effects.
The anti-obesity drugs rimonabant and taranabant are inverse agonists at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and though they produced significant weight loss, both were withdrawn owing to a high incidence of depression and anxiety, which are believed to relate to the inhibition of the constitutive activity of the cannabinoid receptor.
Mutations in receptors that result in increased constitutive activity underlie some inherited diseases, such as precocious puberty (due to mutations in luteinizing hormone receptors) and hyperthyroidism (due to mutations in thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors).
The central dogma of receptor pharmacology is that a drug effect is directly proportional to the number of receptors that are occupied.
acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction in smooth muscle), agonists are able to elicit maximal response at very low levels of receptor occupancy (<1%).
Cells can increase (upregulate) or decrease (downregulate) the number of receptors to a given hormone or neurotransmitter to alter their sensitivity to different molecule.
Enzyme linked receptors include receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, as in bone morphogenetic protein and guanylate cyclase, as in atrial natriuretic factor receptor.
The main receptors in the immune system are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), toll-like receptors (TLRs), killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs), complement receptors, Fc receptors, B cell receptors and T cell receptors.
Alfred, most commonly (but not originally) named in full as Alfred Thaddeus Crane Pennyworth, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, most commonly in association with the superhero Batman.
Pennyworth is depicted as Bruce Wayne's loyal and tireless butler, housekeeper, legal guardian, best friend, aide-de-camp, and surrogate father figure following the murders of Thomas and Martha Wayne.
He serves as Bruce's moral anchor while providing comic relief with his sarcastic and cynical attitude which often adds humor to dialogue with Batman.
In non-comics media, the character has been portrayed by noted actors William Austin, Eric Wilton, Michael Gough, Michael Caine, Jeremy Irons, Douglas Hodge, and Andy Serkis on film and by Alan Napier, Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Ian Abercrombie, David McCallum, and Sean Pertwee on television.
Evidence suggests that Alfred was created by the writers of the 1943 Batman serial—Victor McLeod, Leslie Swabacker, and Harry Fraser—and that DC Comics asked Don Cameron to write the first Alfred story, which was published prior to the serial's release.
To that end, Alfred introduced himself to Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson at Wayne Manor and insisted on becoming their valet.
Although the pair did not want one, especially since they did not want to jeopardize their secret identities with a servant in the house, they did not have the heart to reject Alfred.
He is helpful to the duo, following them to a theatre where they are captured, bound and gagged by a criminal gang, and rescues them after Batman attracts his attention by knocking a rope down before the crooks return.
As it turned out, the wounds were actually insignificant, but Alfred's care convinced the residents that their butler could be trusted.
His attempt at regeneration resulted in a dramatic change: Alfred awoke from his apparent death with pasty white skin with circular markings, superhuman powers, including telekinesis, and a desire to destroy Batman and Robin.
Her mother was the DC war heroine Mademoiselle Marie, whom Alfred had met while working as an intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II.
In the Post-Crisis comics continuity, Alfred has been the Wayne family valet all of Bruce's life and had helped his master establish his superhero career from the beginning.
In one such version, Alfred was hired away from the British Royal Family by Bruce's parents, and he virtually raised Bruce after they were murdered.
In this version, Alfred is an actor on the English stage who agrees to become the Waynes' butler to honor his father's dying wish.
Alfred later helps Bruce raise Dick Grayson, Jason Todd, and Tim Drake, all of whom were adopted by Bruce Wayne and became his partner Robin.
He is also highly respected by those heroes who are aware of his existence, including Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, and the original Teen Titans.
Alfred has also been romantically linked to Dr. Leslie Thompkins, though his relationship with her never came to anything, particularly after she apparently allowed Stephanie Brown to die from neglect.
This was the culmination of several weeks of Wayne's self-destructive behavior, and when Wayne returns to Gotham City, Alfred remains in England, tendering his resignation.
He uses his skills as an actor, storyteller, medic, and spy to survive and collect information on the recently destroyed society.
Alfred even uses hand-to-hand combat in a rare one-panel fight sequence between him and a pair of slavers that ends with his rescue by Batman.
In Batman and the Outsiders Special, Alfred is seen apologizing at the graves of Thomas and Martha Wayne at the loss of Bruce, commenting that he grieves as a parent, regarding Bruce as his son.
Later, a secret panel in Alfred's room opens, the result of a fail-safe planted by Bruce in the event of his death.
Bruce leaves him one final task and also gives him an emotional goodbye, telling Alfred he considered him as a father.
Alfred is left emotionally shattered, commenting more than once that, even if his biological fatherhood is a fabrication, in a deeper sense he actually was Bruce Wayne's father, having watched over him for years and feeling he failed him in the last moments.
sees Alfred allowing Damian Wayne to take on his first mission as Robin, giving Damian a Robin tunic and calling on Squire to assist the new Boy Wonder in finding Tim Drake, who went missing hunting down Jason Todd.
After discovering that the original Batman was actually lost in time after his battle with Darkseid, Alfred immediately seeks clues to his whereabouts.
After Batman successfully expands his mission globally with Batman Inc., Bruce assumes full responsibility as a father, and Alfred assists him in raising Damian.
In The New 52 (a 2011 reboot of the DC universe), it is revealed that Alfred's father Jarvis Pennyworth was the butler of the Wayne family before Alfred when Bruce was still a child.
Despite declining, the Court managed to cause a car accident that caused the child to be born prematurely and eventually to have died.
Jarvis attempted to resign from his services and write a letter to his son in which he describes the manor as a cursed place, and tells Alfred that he should not begin his service under the Wayne family.
Julia is initially hostile to Alfred, feeling that he has wasted his life going from a soldier to tending to a fop like Bruce Wayne.
However, after Alfred is attacked by Hush and infected with a fear toxin, she discovers the Batcave and takes on her father's role to coordinate the Bat-Family's efforts against their foes.
Alfred is briefly transferred to Arkham before it is attacked as part of the conspiracy, but he manages to survive the explosion and trick Bane into helping him reach an emergency cave Batman had installed under Arkham, the cave's defenses knocking Bane out and allowing Alfred to call for help.
When Hush was briefly kept prisoner in the Batcave, he managed to break out of his cell and lock Alfred in it before sabotaging the Batman Family's equipment via the Batcomputer as they fought various villains, including crashing the Batwing with Batman still in it.
However, he was swiftly returned to captivity when Alfred escaped the cell and knocked Hush out, Alfred harshly informing Tommy that he was hardly going to be locked up in his own home.
Following the death of Bruce Wayne, Julia says that with current medical technology, they can have Alfred's hand reattached without any complications.
However Alfred refuses, stating that with Bruce dead, he no longer has need of it as he has no one left to serve.
After Bruce is discovered to be alive but with no memory of who he is or of his life as Batman, Alfred tells Bruce everything that had happened in his life up to the point of the creation of Batman, but accepts Bruce's request not to learn any more.
Alfred did this so that, after years of service to the people of Gotham and the world, Bruce could finally accept his reward of a life without pain and the burning desire to be Batman, allowing his life as Bruce Wayne to finally begin.
However, when the new villain Mr. Bloom launches a mass attack that apparently kills Jim Gordon-the new Batman-the amnesic Bruce pieces together enough information to deduce that he was once Batman, and convinces Alfred to subject him to a machine that will theoretically download all of his memories as Batman into his mind.
Bruce's original plan was for the machine to be used to create a series of clones of himself that could be programmed to continue his mission, but although the process failed because simulations confirmed that the human mind could not handle Batman's trauma, Bruce comes through the process by having Alfred take him to the point of brain-death and then download his memories onto his blank brain.
With his master restored, Alfred's hand is subsequently reattached, Bruce joking that they used a random hand from the reserves rather than keeping Alfred's hand on ice all this time.
When the alternate Thomas Wayne defeats his son and takes control of Gotham, he uses Alfred as a hostage to keep the rest of the Bat-Family out.
When Bruce comes back to Gotham himself, he is captured and shown Alfred's body, but a recorded message played by Alfred reveals that Alfred arranged for his own death so that Bruce could come back and stop Thomas, the message reaffirming Alfred's faith in Bruce as the true Batman.
This name was subsequently given to an alternative version of the character from the world of Earth-Two, and Pennyworth became Alfred's accepted surname in the mainstream continuity.
A highly intelligent and resourceful man, Alfred runs the day-to-day operations of Wayne Manor and maintains much of the equipment of the Batcave beneath it.
A former actor, he can use his acting and disguise skills to help Batman in the field when necessary, and is even capable of impersonating Bruce Wayne on the telephone convincingly, as well as giving Bruce various lessons that help him maintain his covers.
He has also provided first aid up to and including suturing wounds and removing bullets, as well as occasional tactical support.
He is also able to perform arthroscopy and other advanced medical procedures, thus limiting, if not eliminating, the need for hospital medical treatment even in the face of grievous injuries, helping to maintain Batman's secret identity by ensuring that Bruce Wayne has no need to visit hospitals for wounds inflicted as Batman.
In one story in which he is kidnapped, he readily escapes and overcomes his captors without disturbing the cut of his suit.
Following Batman's assault on the corrupt Gotham City police, Alfred and Vicki Vale are caught in the devastating car wreckage Batman creates (not aware of their presence) and Vale is badly hurt.
At the story's conclusion, having set Wayne Manor to self-destruct to protect Bruce Wayne's full secrets after his faked death during his fight with Superman, Alfred dies of a stroke, his last thoughts being to consider how utterly proper it is that he should die as Wayne Manor ceases to exist.
Discharged back to his home in London, Alfred received a gift from Thomas in the form of a very expensive prosthetic leg.
He later traveled to Gotham City to visit his friend and found himself arriving on the night of a campaign party for Thomas' bid at the mayoral office.
Afraid for his friend after hearing of the death threats on his life, Alfred tried to talk Thomas out of going to the movies with his wife and son, but Thomas refused to allow threats to keep him from enjoying his weekly movie night with Martha and Bruce.
When Bruce took on his costumed persona of Batman and began his war on crime, Alfred reluctantly took on the role of confidante and advisor, often telling Bruce to simply carry a gun instead of a belt full of untested gadgets.
Though Alfred introduced himself to the eight-year-old Bruce as his butler, it is obvious he never serves as a manservant in the story otherwise as Bruce's guardian and mentor.
He has a daughter living in Seoul, South Korea with her mother, where Alfred had previously worked at a security firm, implying Julia Remarque's existence in this continuity.
Flashbacks reveal that Alfred helped Thomas Wayne Jr. kill his parents and brother when he was a child, Owlman reflecting that Alfred was the only member of his family that he could control.
In the comic tie in to the video game, Alfred remained loyal to Bruce even when Bruce began the Insurgency and opposed Superman and had his secret identity exposed.
When Superman invades the Batcave and breaks Batman's back, Alfred ingests the 5-U-93-R pill (which gives a person superhuman strength and durability) and subdues Superman, breaking his nose and beating him down.
When the Insurgency began their attack on Superman's Regime, Alfred provided a Kryptonite tipped bullet to Black Canary for her to face Superman.
In the following years, Alfred remained the caretaker of Wayne Manor despite Bruce's absence, and still maintained a close relationship with Damian Wayne despite Damian's decision to join Superman.
Due to Alfred being dead for a long time, he is brought back in a zombie-like state and requires constant medical attention from Damian.
Upon recovering, around the same time he witnessed Batman and Damian attempt to kill each other, a fully recovered Alfred stops them and lecture them that his death was neither Damian nor Bruce's faults, attempting to reconcile them.
Unfortunately, when Jaime Reyes/the current Blue Beetle and Diablo unintentionally destroys all supposed extinct animals, Alfred is now under the Insurgency's safety.
Upon returning to Wayne manor for his recovery, it is reveal that the side-effect of Alfred's resurrection somehow cause him completely forgotten about the previous casualties he remembered during Superman's downfall and five years regime, such as Damian's accidental murder of Dick Grayson, only for Batman manage to remind him about this.
In this alternate reality, Nightwing ends an ongoing feud between superpowered beings by activating a device that depowers ninety percent of the super powered population.
This builds to a future where super powers are outlawed and any super powered being must take inhibitor medications or be contained and studied should the medications not work on them.
As Bruce was killed during the feud, Alfred was left with his estate and moved to Arizona while allowing Dick Grayson and his son stay in Wayne Manor.
Though Alfred did not approve of Grayson's crusade against superhumans after the death of Bruce, Alfred would sometimes pay visits to the former hero.
When Grayson discovered that his son Jake was beginning to develop powers, his house was invaded by his own police force the Crusaders to take Jake away.
Alfred, refusing to stay idly by like he did when everyone lost their powers, attempted to strike one of the police members and was killed in response.
BBC Radio Guernsey is the BBC Local Radio service for the Channel Island of Guernsey and the other islands in the Bailiwick - Alderney, Sark and Herm.
It broadcasts from its studios at Broadcasting House (part of Television House in Bulwer Avenue in St Sampson's, a building shared with ITV Channel Television) on 93.2 MHz FM-VHF and 1116 kHz AM-MW in Guernsey and 99 MHz FM-VHF in Alderney.
BBC Radio Guernsey has grown from a small limited hours radio operation in the early 1980s into a full tri-media broadcaster, providing locally produced radio, online and TV services.
As well as broadcasting on FM and AM, BBC Radio Guernsey is also available via internet at BBC Radio Guernsey Online.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Guernsey also carries regional programming for the South West and West regions, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Devon and BBC Radio Bristol.
In the fifteenth century, the town was occupied by the English, and belonged to Sir John Fastolf of Caister Castle in Norfolk (1380-1459).
It was from here that the Spanish mercenary François de Surienne launched an attack on Fougeres in Brittany, which triggered the invasion of English Normandy by Charles VII of France, and the end of the Hundred Years' War.
The station first aired on 15 March 1982, when it was opened by George Howard, the then chairman of the BBC.
The first voice to be hear was that of Peter Gore who was one of the four-person start up team headed by Mike Warr.
It launched from Broadcasting House, just off Rouge Bouillon in St Helier, and moved to its present premises in Parade Road in March 1994.
As well as broadcasting on FM and AM, BBC Radio Jersey is also available via internet at BBC Radio Jersey Online.
The radio station shares premises at 18-21 Parade Road in St Helier with BBC Channel Islands television news, and BBC Jersey's online services.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Jersey also carries regional programming for the South West and West regions, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Devon and BBC Radio Bristol.
A parole board is a panel of people who decide whether an offender should be released from prison on parole after serving at least a minimum portion of their sentence as prescribed by the sentencing judge.
A related concept is the board of pardons and paroles, which may deal with pardons and commutations as well as paroles.
A parole board consists of people qualified to make judgements about the suitability of a prisoner for return to free society.
Members may be judges, psychiatrists, or criminologists, although some jurisdictions do not have written qualifications for parole board members and will allow community members to serve in that capacity.
The boards typically make a judgement about whether a prisoner will affect public safety if released, but do not form an opinion about whether the initial sentencing was appropriate.
The boards are non-departmental public bodies respectively of the UK government (Parole Board for England and Wales), the Scottish Government (Parole Board for Scotland), and the Northern Ireland Executive (Parole Commissioners for Northern Ireland).
The United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines (enacted in 1987) discontinued parole for those convicted of federal crimes for offenses committed after November 1, 1987.
Instead of parole the legislation provided that judges may specify as part of sentencing, a period of supervised release to be served after the prison sentence.
The United States Parole Commission remains the parole board for those who committed a federal offense before November 1, 1987, as well as those who committed a District of Columbia Code offense before August 5, 2000, a Uniform Code of Military Justice offense and are parole-eligible, and persons who are serving prison terms imposed by foreign countries and have been transferred to the United States to serve their sentence.
The autonomy of the board from the state governor also varies; in some states the boards are more powerful than in others.
In some states the board is an independent agency while in others it is a body of the department of corrections.
Alabama (Board of Pardons and Paroles), Connecticut (Board of Pardons and Paroles), Georgia (Board of Pardons and Paroles), Idaho (Commission of Pardons and Paroles), Minnesota (Board of Pardons), Nebraska (Board of Pardons), Nevada (Board of Pardon commissioners, South Carolina (Board of Probation, Parole and Pardon), and Utah (Board of Pardons and Paroles) are the states in the United States with such boards.
Mississippi's state constitution includes a unique provision that any inmate seeking a pardon from that state's governor must, at least thirty days before making the request, publish a legal notice of their request for a pardon in a newspaper located in or near the county where the inmate seeking the pardon was convicted and sentenced.
Often, consideration of the opinion of the victim or victims or their family is taken into account in the board's final determination (see victims' rights).
He won a Donaldson Award for his performance, becoming the youngest actor to win one and starred in the subsequent film adaptation.
He continued acting in stage, film and television roles into adulthood before his death at age 30 in a car crash in Colorado on July 6, 1972.
He was the first child actor to win the Donaldson Award, and his talent was praised by John Gielgud the following year.
After seeing a magician saw a woman in half at a carnival, Hugo emulates the trick and kills a woman by sawing her in half.
He asked his friend, Gram Parsons (of the Byrds), and his band at the time, International Submarine Band, to back him in a recording session.
He was taken to St. Anthony Hospital, where he died at 7:20 p.m. of multiple injuries that included a broken back, neck, and leg.
He was originally buried in Hollywood, but his parents later moved his remains to Pinelawn Memorial Park in Farmingdale, New York, to be closer to their home on Long Island.
The territory of La Guérinière was formerly part of Cormelles, the northern limit of the town following the road to the oxen between the Falaise road and the path of Sente-de-Mondeville (currently boulevard de l'Avenir).
In 1875, the city of Caen bought the 27 hectares of land of the Caen riding academy, located on the grounds of the castle of Guérinière, to develop a field of maneuver for the garrisons of the city.
During the Battle of Normandy, the village was fortified by the Germans, shortly before the start of operations Goodwood and Atlantic by the British and Canadians.
The village was liberated on July 19, 1944 by Canadian-Scottish battalions and North Nova Scotia Highlanders belonging to the 3rd Canadian infantry division after fighting against the soldiers of the 272nd German infantry division.
Royal is an allusion to the privileges granted to the inhabitants of this town by Philip VI by letters patent of 22 June 1347.
During the revolutionary period of the National Convention (1792-1795), the commune, created from the parish of Cormelles-le-Royal took the name of Cormelles-le-Libre which was then cut short in Cormelles.
Located in the basin of the Orne, the territory covers an area of 348 hectares and has a population of 4829 inhabitants, a density of 1387 inhabitants / km 2.
The lowest point (13 m) corresponds to the exit of the only watercourse of the municipality of the territory, to the northeast.
The census is now based on an annual collection of information, successively covering all municipal territories over a period of five years.
For municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants, a census survey of the entire population is conducted every five years, the official population of middle years themselves being estimated by interpolation or extrapolation.
Edward III camped with his army in Cormolain overnight on 23 July 1346 on the way to the battle of Crécy.
The adequate stimulus is a property of a sensory receptor that determines the type of energy to which a sensory receptor responds with the initiation of sensory transduction.
Sensory receptors are present all throughout the body, and they take a certain amount of a stimulus to trigger these receptors.
The use of these sensory receptors allows the brain to interpret the signals to the body which allow a person to respond to the stimulus if the stimulus reaches a minimum threshold to signal the brain.
The sensory receptors will activate the sensory transduction system which will in turn send an electrical or chemical stimulus to a cell, and the cell will then respond with electrical signals to the brain which were produced from action potentials.
The minuscule signals, which result from the stimuli, enter the cells must be amplified and turned into an sufficient signal that will be sent to the brain.
A sensory receptor's adequate stimulus is determined by the signal transduction mechanisms and ion channels incorporated in the sensory receptor's plasma membrane.
Adequate stimulus are often used in relation with sensory thresholds and absolute thresholds to describe the smallest amount of a stimulus needed to activate a feeling within the sensory organ.
Ziemia Sanocka was a part of the Ruthenian Voivodeship (Red Ruthenia of Lesser Poland) with the capital at Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine).
According to archaeological findings, a number of gords already existed here when the region was under possible control of Great Moravia.
Following several Polish - Ruthenian conflicts, Sanok became part of Red Ruthenia, and in 1150, the town was ransacked in a Hungarian raid.
The King introduced Polish administrative structure here, dividing Red Ruthenia into four lands (see ziemia), one of which was the Land of Sanok, consisting of the County powiat of Sanok.
The existence of Sanok County is confirmed by sources from 1423, and by that time, Sanok also was the seat of a starosta, who resided in a castle.
The term Sanok Land, used to describe a separate administrative unit, appears for the first time in the mid-14th century, after the annexation of Red Ruthenia by the Kingdom of Poland.
The Land of Sanok remained a separate administrative unit within the Ruthenian Voivodeship until the Partitions of Poland, when it became part of Austrian Galicia.
Furthermore, the area of Tyczyn belonged to the Land of Sanok, but some time in the 15th century, it was transferred to the Przemyśl Land.
Most of its territory was covered by forests of the Carpathian Mountains, and the population was a mix of Poles, Ruthenians, Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks and Wallachians.
BBC Radio Derby is the BBC Local Radio station for the English county of Derbyshire, covering all but the northern tip of the county, and also serves eastern Staffordshire, mainly Uttoxeter and Burton upon Trent.
The station broadcasts from its studios in Derby on 104.5, 95.3 (Stanton Moor, near Bakewell) and 96.0 (Buxton) FM and 1116 (Burnaston Lane, next to the Toyota factory) AM.
It also transmits its programmes over the internet, and, as of 23 July 2014, broadcasts on DAB Digital Radio on the NOW Derbyshire DAB Multiplex.
BBC Radio Derby began broadcasting officially on 29 April 1971, though it went on air two months earlier than planned to cover the bankruptcy of the local aero-engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce.
The station's logo was a Rams head in the late 1980s and early 1990s (as many other organisations in Derby have).
Much of the station's output is speech based, featuring news, sport, weather, travel, interviews, and discussions, mixed in with music and competitions.
The station's primary audience is aimed at listeners aged over 45, though the sports and weekend shows attract a greater age range.
Also, in both 2017 and 2009, Radio Derby was named Station of the Year in the BBC local radio station Gillard awards.
104.5FM is the primary frequency for BBC Radio Derby, and comes from a 200 ft transmitting mast on Drum Hill, four miles north of the Derby City Centre, the other side of the A38 from Little Eaton, next to a Scout camp.
There is a transmitter for the Bakewell and Matlock areas based at Stanton Moor on 95.3 FM, and a relay of that frequency for the Buxton area on 96 FM.
Although its in Derbyshire, Chesterfield is officially catered for by BBC Radio Sheffield which has a dedicated relay transmitter in the town.
In addition, all of BBC Radio Derby's area is served via its medium wave service on 1116 kHz which comes from its transmitting mast at Burnaston, just south of the city, close to the Toyota car plant.
Most of BBC Radio Derby's programming is produced and broadcast from its Derby studios from 6am - 10pm on Sundays - Fridays and from 6am-6pm and 8-9pm on Saturdays.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Derby also carries regional programming for the Midlands and East Midlands regions, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Nottingham and BBC WM.
It was a joint venture with the charity Skcin and was paid for with proceeds from the Colin Bloomfield Melanoma Appeal.
In later years this took place on the second Sunday of October; however it was originally held over the course of the entire weekend, and was presented from a marquee in the station's car park.
This idea was abandoned a few years prior to the event's demise and all presenting took place inside the station building itself.
Lots typically consisted services by local companies (such as car valeting) and unique items (such as signed celebrity photographs, behind-the-scenes tours and home-made products).
This raised £350; the final total for the 2008 auction was £20,951.31, bringing the grand total over the twenty-five years to £1,121,010.31.
The station's jingles have varied greatly over the years as trends in music and technology have changed; indeed, the jingle that plays prior to every hourly news bulletin (one of a new batch of tunes introduced in January 2017), features the slogan, On Radio, TV and Mobile - this is BBC Radio Derby; a reflection of the different ways in which the station's output can be heard these days.
This slogan formed the basis of many jingles in this era, but was phased out in the 1990s as the FM frequencies increased in popularity.
Nowadays, mentions of the 269m wavelength are rare, with the presenters tending to simply mention the actual frequency of the medium-wave signal.
From the commencement of the 96FM frequency for the Buxton area until April 2008, the jingles were provided by Bespoke Music of Penryn, Cornwall (being exactly the same as Radio Wiltshire).
The highest point (196 m) is located in the south-western area, and the lowest point (84 m) is in the northeast.
The station's former 837 kHz medium wave frequency from the Freeman's Common transmitter near the University of Leicester is now used by the BBC Asian Network, which originated in Leicester but is now a national network delivered via DAB, digital satellite, Freeview and other systems across the UK and beyond.
In 2007, the station celebrated its 40th anniversary by launching a Ruby Rainbow Appeal in aid of the Rainbows Hospice based in Loughborough, within its TSA (total survey area).
Special events took place throughout the year culminating in a final fund-raising appeal around the time of the anniversary in November 2007.
This new centre is adjacent to the medieval Guildhall and Cathedral and includes many aspects of Leicester's history, such as Victorian tiles and an undercroft (first revealed in 1841), with remains dating to Roman times.
The Centre houses the BBC College of Journalism's base for the Midlands, an IT Centre that is used in partnership with local organisations, and a BBC Shop selling a wide range of BBC-branded merchandise.
Although the station's FM transmitter mast is only 70 m (230 ft) tall, it is set 235 m (770 ft) above sea level on top of the Jurassic limestone ridge at Copt Oak, next to the M1.
Since 6 December 2002, the station's DAB signal has come from the NOW Digital East Midlands (NDEM) Leicester 11B multiplex, which comes from Copt Oak and Houghton on the Hill.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Leicester also carries regional programming for the Midlands and East Midlands regions, produced by sister stations BBC WM and BBC Radio Nottingham.
BBC Radio Lincolnshire is the BBC Local Radio service for the major part of the English county of Lincolnshire (northern parts of the county are served by BBC Radio Humberside, and southern parts of the county are not served by BBC Local Radio).
It broadcasts from studios near Newport Arch in Lincoln on 94.9 (most of the county) and 104.7 (Grantham) FM, 1368 (Swanpool, west Lincoln) AM and online.
In 1988 the station commissioned UK jingle producer Alfasound to compose a jingle package based on the traditional English folk song The Lincolnshire Poacher, continuing on this theme until 2006.
In 2006 it conducted a six-month trial of XDA pocket-PCs for the BBC, using Technica Del Arte's Luci mobile (on the hoof) interviewing application.
Under its first manager, Roy Corlett, the station achieved record audience figures as its programming of news, music and chat became very popular.
Corlett left to found BBC Radio Devon and was replaced briefly by Laurie Bloomfield, who also left to launch a new BBC local station, BBC Radio Shropshire.
After Bloomfield's brief stay, the station was managed for 14 years by David Wilkinson, one of the founding team, and a local radio pioneer from his days at BBC Radio Nottingham in 1968.
The main signal on 94.9 FM comes from the Belmont transmitting station near Donington on Bain in the north of the county, which, until the height reduction carried out in September/October 2009, was the tallest mast in Europe.
Neither the FM nor the MW signals cover the southern edge of the county, including Bourne, Holbeach, Stamford, Market Deeping and Spalding.
For Lincolnshire, a DAB multiplex could have only been realistically established by financial investment from the Lincs FM Group, and other transmitter positions could theoretically be used.
The DAB licence, was advertised in October 2007, which will not cover Stamford or South Holland, but will cover North Lincolnshire (Scunthorpe) and North East Lincolnshire (Grimsby).
It is 51% owned by the Lincs FM Group, and will have transmitters at Belmont, High Hunsley (in East Yorkshire), Grantham and Lincoln County Hospital.
Transmissions were expected to begin by July 2009, but funding for the project delayed the roll-out and the multiplex went on air in September 2015.
Radio Lincolnshire broadcasts full commentary on all Lincoln City football matches with additional commentary of Boston United and Gainsborough Trinity matches online.
The station is one of few to have a dedicated farming programme on Sundays at 7am, which it has had since the station began.
Courseulles-sur-Mer is a commune in the Calvados department (14) in the Normandy region, la Basse-Normandie, in northwestern France, 1.1 km from Graye-sur-Mer, and 3.3 km from Reviers.
It is a popular tourist destination not only with locals but also with international visitors who come to tour the Normandy landing beaches.
The population of the town can reach 15,000 people in the summer months owing to the numerous summer homes, owned for the most part by Parisians.
More than 14,000 Canadians stormed the stretch of a Lower Normandy Beach between Courseulles-sur-Mer and St. Aubin-sur-Mer on 6 June 1944.
They were followed by 150,000 additional Canadian troops over the next few months, and throughout the summer of 1944 the Canadian military used the town’s port to unload upwards of 1,000 tons of material a day, for the first two weeks following D-Day on 6 June 1944.
Canadians of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade, suffered 1074 casualties, including 369 killed on the beach and in the Calvados countryside on the first day of the invasion, reaching almost inland on the first day of fighting, the farthest advance of any of the Allied landing forces.
The land for this cemetery was donated by France to Canada after the Second World War and lies inland from Courseulles-sur-Mer, just off Route 79.
The Juno Beach Centre is a museum located in Courseulles-sur-Mer, at the head of the River Seulles, in the port's estuary, where Canadian troops landed and fought, on D-Day 6 June 1944.
Delaying H-Hour for a higher tide, to clear offshore reefs, the Canadian landing at Courseulles-sur-Mer began slightly later than those to the west, giving the German defender a warning they would need.
Stützpuntkte (StP) - Strong-Point Courseulles-sur-Mer, was a complex of three fortified ‘resistance nests’, two strengthened by numerous standard concrete fortifications, protecting anti-tank and artillery field guns.
The concrete fortification casements at two resistance nests further disposed numerous entrenchments, in which mortars and heavy machine guns were emplaced.
On D-Day the presence of the 'groynes' together with the strong current along the beach and the beach obstacles made landings and lateral movement along the beach, tricky.
Here it was shelled for effect by the embarked 105 mm guns of 13th Field Regiment, RCA from H-30 to H+5 and began taking direct fire from the DD Tanks of 'B' Squadron, 1st Hussars towards 07h55 (BST), who landed correctly (and on time) as planned.
An 88mm, beside the harbour exit, a 50 mm behind it, and a 75 mm on the right flank, fired continuously until their protective shields could be pierced.
Landing to its centre at 08h05, in a gap between its two 75mm guns, making a left flanking approach, came ‘A’ Company, The Regina Rifle Regiment, (OC Major F. E. Hodge).
Pushing into Courseulles, 'A' Company, as set out in the plan, cleared Town Blocks 5, 6, and 7 but had to return to the beachfront (Block No.1) where the Germans had returned, by tunnels and trenches, to reoccupy their guns.
The Regina’s began the disheartening task of clearing the beachfront again, it only came to be ‘captured’ after this second fight.
‘B’ Company, (OC Major ), landed at 08h15, further to the east; and quickly engaged the crew served weapon pillboxes positioned along the strong-point beachfront.
The seawall offering little cover, but with good support from ‘B’ Squadron, they got off the beach and dashed into the strongpoint’s fortifications.
Widerstandnesten WN31 StP.Courseulles (West) was located at North 49.3367 Deg / West W 00.4602 and in June 1944, for targeting purposes, at: LZ1 vT MR Grid 965858 (Ref.
The (WN) Resistance Nest at Courseulles (West) was a very large ‘platoon-sized’ position, attempting to protect entry into the town port, deny exits off the beach, and prevent an out-flanking entry into the town.
West of the River Seulles, still being 'developed', it sat on a small peninsula of land, water defending three of its approaches, its land based left front (NW) approach protected by the very large K.V.Gruppe Courseulles Beach Minefield: Mf 72.
/ Gren.Regt 736., on the position, Hauptmann Grote commanded the fight for Stützpuntkte (StP) Courseulles, from a Type Regelbau Command Post Shelter / Bunker.
Fighting WN 31, its Züg Führer (Acting Commander), having no 'urban' structures to observe 'over' the dunes, had to rely on a Type Regelbau R666 - Infantry Observation Bunker (with Panzerkuppel - 89P6 Small Turret) to adjust to the Canadian assault.
Courseulles (West) was fronted by an area of coastal erosion, where sand deposits had blocked the River Seulles access to the sea and forced it into a loop.
The strong-point was not fronted by beach villas, which were a feature of much of the JUNO Sector, and there were few landmarks, making it difficult to identifying the correct point on which to that land.
After the Assault Force J1 Beach Bombardment Programme, which did not seem to have much actual effect, WN 31 began to take indirect 105mm artillery fire from the guns of 12th Field Regiment, RCA from H-30 to H+5 and direct fire from the DD Tanks of 'A' Squadron, 1st Hussars near 07h45.
Landing just a little 'late', seven 'A' squadron immediately fired on the 50 mm anti-tank gun emplacement, it destroyed, ‘A’ Squadron began to ‘cruise up and down the beach’ engaging the machine gun crews, permitting the infantry to sweep over the dunes to begin their fight for the position.
Landing on its strong left flank, ‘B’ Company, Royal Winnipeg Rifles, (OC Captain P. E. Gower), was immediately pinned down by its heavy machine gun, and the 50mm, in a concrete pillbox, while taking accurate sniper fire.
Skirting left away from the position, ‘B’ Company forced a crossing of the river, on a small bridge at MR 964857, and got in to clear ‘four’ defensible positions, on the ‘island’.
Trained at the Conservatorio Verdi in Milan, Einaudi began his career as a classical composer, later incorporating other styles and genres such as pop, rock, folk, and world music.
His father, Giulio Einaudi, was a publisher working with authors including Italo Calvino and Primo Levi, and founder of Giulio Einaudi Editore, while his paternal grandfather, Luigi Einaudi, was President of Italy between 1948 and 1955.
That same year he took an orchestration class taught by Luciano Berio and was awarded a scholarship to the Tanglewood Music Festival.
After studying at the conservatory in Milan and subsequently with Berio, Einaudi spent several years composing in traditional forms, including several chamber and orchestral compositions.
He soon garnered international attention and his music was performed at venues such as the Teatro alla Scala, the Tanglewood Festival, Lincoln Center, and the UCLA Center for Performing Arts.
In the mid-1980s, he began to search for more personal expression in a series of works for dance and multimedia, and later for piano.
Einaudi is signed to Decca Records and is published by Chester Music Limited, part of the Music Sales Group of Companies.
The album was conceived and recorded in response to the German painter and sculptor Anselm Kiefer, as well as an exhibit space where Einaudi performed for a gallery opening for Kiefer.
It was also inspired by the drums and electronics of the Whitetree Project, a performing trio Einaudi formed with Robert and Ronald Lippok of To Rococo Rot, a German electronic group.
It was founded on May 8, 1962, under the Rabindra Bharati Act of the Government of West Bengal in 1961, to mark the birth centenary of the poet Rabindranath Tagore.
The university offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in Performing Arts and Visual Arts under the Faculty of Fine Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and other subjects under the Faculty of Arts.
While two of the three faculties of the University, those of Fine Arts and Visual Arts, are still located there, when the Faculty of Arts was founded in 1976, it was located on a new campus at 56A, B. T. Road, Kolkata-50.
The mansion and its parklands, later acquired by the Government of West Bengal, became a complex of academic institutions among which this University has the central and larger share.
Some of the other services which are provided by the University are the access to the database, photocopying services, information and reference service, inter-library loan and display of the new arrivals at the central library.
He reigned as Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kiev from September 1149 to April 1151 and then again from March 1155 to May 1157.
Yuri played a key role in the transition of political power from Kiev to Suzdal following the death of his elder brother Mstislav the Great in 1132.
If Gytha died on March 07, 1098 then Yuri Vladimirovich could have been a son of his father's second wife Yefimia.
The question of Yuri's birthday remains open, though taking into account all the above mentioned information Yuri's birth date can be approximated to the end of 1080s - first half of 1090s.
In 1108, Yuri was sent by his father to govern in his name the vast Vladimir-Suzdal province in the north-east of Kievan Rus'.
In 1121, he quarreled with the boyars of Rostov and moved the capital of his lands from that city to Suzdal.
Yuri instantaneously declared war on the princes of Chernigov, the reigning Grand Prince and his brother Yaropolk II of Kiev, enthroned his son in Novgorod, and captured his father's hereditary principality at Pereyaslav of the South.
In 1147, Dolgorukiy resumed his struggle for Kiev and in 1149 he captured it, but in 1151 he was driven from the capital of Rus by his nephew Iziaslav.
After presumably being poisoned at the feast of a Kievan nobleman, Yuri unexpectedly died in 1157 which sparked anti-Suzdalian uprising in Kiev.
Her paternity is not known for certain but Nikolay Karamzin was the first to theorise that Helena was returning to her native city.
She has since been theorised to be a member of the Komnenos dynasty which ruled the Byzantine Empire throughout the life of Yuri.
In 1954, a monument to him designed by sculptor Sergei Orlov was erected on Moscow's Tverskaya Street, the city's principal avenue, in front of the Moscow municipality.
During the Battle of Normandy in World War II, British troops arrived there and a battle was fought on 7 June 1944.
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680—also known as Popé's Rebellion—was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.
For more than 100 years beginning in 1540, the Pueblo Indians of present-day New Mexico were subjected to successive waves of soldiers, missionaries, and settlers.
The Tiguex War, fought in the winter of 1540–41 by the expedition of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado against the twelve or thirteen pueblos of Tiwa Indians, was particularly destructive to Pueblo and Spanish relations.
In 1598 Juan de Oñate led 129 soldiers and 10 Franciscan Catholic priests plus a large number of women, children, servants, slaves, and livestock into the Rio Grande valley of New Mexico.
Oñate put down a revolt at Acoma Pueblo by killing and enslaving hundreds of the Indians and sentencing all men 25 or older to have their foot cut off.
The Acoma Massacre would instill fear of the Spanish in the region for years to come, though Franciscan missionaries were assigned to several of the Pueblo towns to Christianize the natives.
With the establishment of the first permanent colonial settlement in 1598, the Pueblos were forced to provide tribute to the colonists in the form of labor, ground corn and textiles.
Encomiendas were soon established by colonists along the Rio Grande, restricting Pueblo access to fertile farmlands and water supplies and placing a heavy burden upon Pueblo labor.
In 1608, when it looked as though Spain might abandon the province, the Franciscans baptized seven thousand Pueblos to try to convince the Crown otherwise.
Although the Franciscans initially tolerated manifestations of the old religion as long as the Puebloans attended mass and maintained a public veneer of Catholicism, Fray Alonso de Posada (in New Mexico 1656–1665) outlawed Kachina dances by the Pueblo Indians and ordered the missionaries to seize and burn their masks, prayer sticks, and effigies.
Several Spanish officials, such as Nicolas de Aguilar, who attempted to curb the power of the Franciscans were charged with heresy and tried before the Inquisition.
In the 1670s drought swept the region, causing a famine among the Pueblo and increased raids by the Apache, which Spanish and Pueblo soldiers were unable to prevent.
Four medicine men were sentenced to death by hanging; three of those sentences were carried out, while the fourth prisoner committed suicide.
Because a large number of Spanish soldiers were away fighting the Apache, Governor Treviño was forced to accede to the Pueblo demand for the release of the prisoners.
Following his release, Popé, along with a number of other Pueblo leaders (see list below), planned and orchestrated the Pueblo Revolt.
Popé took up residence in Taos Pueblo far from the capital of Santa Fe and spent the next five years seeking support for a revolt among the 46 Pueblo towns.
The Pecos Pueblo, 50 miles east of the Rio Grande pledged its participation in the revolt as did the Zuni and Hopi, 120 and 200 miles respectively west of the Rio Grande.
The Pueblos not joining the revolt were the four southern Tiwa (Tiguex) towns near Santa Fe and the Piro Pueblos south of the principal Pueblo population centers near the present day city of Socorro.
The Pueblos joining the revolt probably had 2,000 or more adult men capable of using native weapons such as the bow and arrow.
Popé promised that, once the Spanish were killed or expelled, the ancient Pueblo gods would reward them with health and prosperity.
Popé's plan was that the inhabitants of each Pueblo would rise up and kill the Spanish in their area and then all would advance on Santa Fe to kill or expel all the remaining Spanish.
Each morning the Pueblo leadership was to untie one knot from the cord, and when the last knot was untied, that would be the signal for them to rise against the Spaniards in unison.
On August 9, however, the Spaniards were warned of the impending revolt by southern Tiwa leaders and they captured two Tesuque Pueblo youths entrusted with carrying the message to the pueblos.
The Hopi pueblos located on the remote Hopi Mesas of Arizona did not receive the advanced notice for the beginning of the revolt and followed the schedule for the revolt.
On August 10, the Puebloans rose up, stole the Spaniards' horses to prevent them from fleeing, sealed off roads leading to Santa Fe, and pillaged Spanish settlements.
A total of 400 people were killed, including men, women, children, and 21 of the 33 Franciscan missionaries in New Mexico.
Survivors fled to Santa Fe and Isleta Pueblo, 10 miles south of Albuquerque and one of the Pueblos that did not participate in the rebellion.
In desperation, on August 21, New Mexico Governor Antonio de Otermín, barricaded in the Palace of the Governors, sallied outside the palace with all of his available men and forced the Puebloans to retreat with heavy losses.
He then led the Spaniards out of the city and retreated southward along the Rio Grande, headed for El Paso del Norte.
The Spaniards who had taken refuge in Isleta had also retreated southward on August 15, and on September 6 the two groups of survivors, numbering 1,946, met at Socorro.
Popé was a mysterious figure in the history of the southwest as there are many tales among the Puebloans of what happened to him after the revolt.
Later testimony to the Spanish by Pueblo Indians was probably colored by anti-Popé sentiments and a desire to tell the Spanish what they wanted to hear.
The people were ordered to cleanse themselves in ritual baths, to use their Puebloan names, and to destroy all vestiges of the Roman Catholic religion and Spanish culture, including Spanish livestock and fruit trees.
Popé, it was said, forbade the planting of wheat and barley and commanded those Indians who had been married according to the rites of the Catholic Church to dismiss their wives and to take others after the old native tradition.
He assembled a force of 146 Spanish and an equal number of Indian soldiers in El Paso and marched north along the Rio Grande.
With the threat of a Puebloan attack growing, on January 1, 1682 Otermin decided to return to El Paso, burning pueblos and taking the people of Isleta with him.
Some of the Isleta later returned to New Mexico, but others remained in El Paso, living in the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo.
The Piro also moved to El Paso to live among the Spaniards, eventually forming part of the Piro, Manso, and Tiwa tribe.
The Spanish were never able to re-convince some Puebloans to join Santa Fe de Nuevo México, and the Spanish often returned seeking peace instead of reconquest.
For example, the Hopi remained free of any Spanish attempt at reconquest; though they did, at several non-violent attempts, try for unsuccessful peace treaties and unsuccessful trade agreements.
The Spanish return to New Mexico was prompted by their fears of French advances into the Mississippi valley and their desire to create a defensive frontier against the increasingly aggressive nomadic Indians on their northern borders.
In August 1692, Diego de Vargas marched to Santa Fe unopposed along with a converted Zia war captain, Bartolomé de Ojeda.
De Vargas, with only sixty soldiers, one hundred Indian auxiliaries, seven cannons (which he used as leverage against the Pueblo inside Santa Fe), and one Franciscan priest, arrived at Santa Fe on September 13.
He promised the 1,000 Pueblo people assembled there clemency and protection if they would swear allegiance to the King of Spain and return to the Christian faith.
It was the thirteenth town he had reconquered for God and King in this manner, he wrote jubilantly to the Conde de Galve, viceroy of New Spain.
Though the 1692 agreement to peace was bloodless, in the years that followed de Vargas maintained increasingly severe control over the increasingly defiant Pueblo.
De Vargas returned to Mexico and gathered together about 800 people, including 100 soldiers, and returned to Santa Fe in December 1693.
De Vargas and his forces staged a quick and bloody recapture that concluded with the surrender and execution of the 70 Pueblo warriors and with their families sentenced to ten years' servitude.
In 1696 the Indians of fourteen pueblos attempted a second organized revolt, launched with the murders of five missionaries and thirty-four settlers and using weapons the Spanish themselves had traded to the Indians over the years; de Vargas's retribution was unmerciful, thorough and prolonged.
Many of the Pueblos, however, fled New Mexico to join the Apache or Navajo or to attempt to re-settle on the Great Plains.
While the independence of many pueblos from the Spaniards was short-lived, the Pueblo Revolt gained the Pueblo Indians a measure of freedom from future Spanish efforts to eradicate their culture and religion following the reconquest.
Moreover, the Spanish issued substantial land grants to each Pueblo and appointed a public defender to protect the rights of the Indians and argue their legal cases in the Spanish courts.
The Franciscan priests returning to New Mexico did not again attempt to impose a theocracy on the Pueblo who continued to practice their traditional religion.
It depicted events leading up to the Pueblo Revolt, inspired by accounts of two half-brothers who met on opposite sides of the battlefield.
A statue of Po'Pay by sculptor Cliff Fragua was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection in the US Capitol Building in 2005 as one of New Mexico's two statues.
Set five years after the Spanish Reconquest of 1692, the play links actual historical figures with their literary counterparts to dramatize how both sides learned to live together and form the culture that is present-day New Mexico.
Lt. McCormick was the only Allied soldier to reach his D-Day objective when on 6 June 1944, after the tank he commanded passed through Creully, it reached the Caen-Bayeux road.
Since 30 April 2004, the station has been available on DAB from the NDEM (NOW Digital East Midlands) Nottingham 12C multiplex from Waltham (main signal and in Leicestershire), Mapperley Ridge and Fishponds Hill (since July 2006).
The station used to broadcast AM signals on 1584 kHz Medium Wave, from Clipstone, near Mansfield, until 25 January 2018 when the transmitter was turned off.
This followed a trial, to determine if listeners would miss or complain about the loss of services on medium wave, from 17 August to 24 September 2012 when BBC Radio Nottingham stopped broadcasting its normal programmes on medium wave, instead directing listeners to FM or DAB.
Most of BBC Radio Nottingham's programming is produced and broadcast from its Nottingham studios from 6am - 10pm on Sundays - Fridays and from 6am-6pm and 8-9pm on Saturdays.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Nottingham also carries regional programming for the Midlands and East Midlands regions, including its own specialist music programming at weekends and the Midlands' late show from BBC WM.
That building was then used by Nottingham Trent University as the Centre for Broadcast Journalism as the base for the Nottingham Trent International College.
BBC Radio Nottingham faces local competition from the regional commercial stations Gem 106 and 106.6 Smooth Radio, which are broadcast from Nottingham-based studios to the wider East Midlands.
Trent FM, Nottingham's heritage commercial radio station, was merged with Leicester Sound and Ram FM in January 2011 to form a regional station Capital FM East Midlands, which carries a mix of local and networked output.
Listeners north of Worksop and Retford, are catered for by BBC Radio Sheffield broadcasting on 104.1FM from the Holme Moss transmitter.
A section of Hindus claim that the exact site of Rama's birthplace is where the Babri Masjid once stood in the present-day Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh.
According to this theory, the Mughals demolished a Hindu shrine that marked the spot, and constructed a mosque in its place.
People opposed to this theory state that such claims arose only in the 18th century, and that there is no evidence for the spot being the birthplace of Rama.
The political, historical and socio-religious debate over the history and location of the Babri Mosque, and whether a previous temple was demolished or modified to create it, is known as the Ayodhya dispute.
According to the local Hindu belief, the site of the now-demolished Babri Mosque in Ayodhya is the exact birthplace of Rama.
The Babri mosque is believed to have been constructed during 1528-29 by a certain 'Mir Baqi' (possibly Baqi Tashqandi), who was a commander of the Mughal emperor Babur (1526–1530).
The Jesuit missionary Joseph Tiefenthaler, who visited the site between 1766-1771, wrote that either Aurangazeb (1658–1707) or Babur had demolished the Ramkot fortress, including the house that was considered as the birthplace of Rama by Hindus.
He further stated that a mosque was constructed in its place, but the Hindus continued to offer prayers at a mud platform that marked the birthplace of Rama.
In 1810, Francis Buchanan visited the site, and stated that the structure destroyed was a temple dedicated to Rama, not a house.
They were affixed sometime around 1813 (almost 285 years after the supposed construction of the mosque in 1528 AD), and repeatedly replaced.
A section of historians, such as R. S. Sharma, state that such claims of Babri Masjid site being the birthplace of Rama sprang up only after the 18th century.
Sharma states that Ayodhya emerged as a place of Hindu pilgrimage only in medieval times, since ancient texts do not mention it as a pilgrim centre.
Sharma also notes that Tulsidas, who wrote the Ramcharitmanas in 1574 at Ayodhya, does not mention it as a place of pilgrimage.
Many critics also claim that the present-day Ayodhya was originally a Buddhist site, based on its identification with Saketa described in Buddhist texts.
According to historian Romila Thapar, ignoring the Hindu mythological accounts, the first historic mention of the city dates back to the 7th century, when the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang described it as a Buddhist site.
In 1853, a group of armed Hindu ascetics belonging to the Nirmohi Akhara occupied the Babri Masjid site, and claimed ownership of the structure.
Subsequently, the civil administration stepped in, and in 1855, divided the mosque premises into two parts: one for Hindus, and the other for Muslims.
In December 1949, some Hindus placed idols of Rama and Sita in the mosque, and claimed that they had miraculously appeared there.
As thousands of Hindu devotees started visiting the place, the Government declared the mosque a disputed area and locked its gates.
The excavations by the ASI were heavily used as evidence by the court that the predating structure was a massive Hindu religious building.
In 2009, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) released its election manifesto, repeating its promise to construct a temple to Rama at the site.
In 2010, the Allahabad High Court ruled that the of disputed land be divided into 3 parts, with going to the Ram Lalla or Infant Lord Rama represented by the Hindu Maha Sabha for the construction of the Ram temple, going to the Muslim Sunni Waqf Board and the remaining going to a Hindu religious denomination Nirmohi Akhara.
On 9 November 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the land to be handed over to a trust to build the Hindu temple.
The panel representing the Muslim organization Babri Masjid Action Committee (BMAC) included R. S. Sharma, D. N. Jha, M. Athar Ali and Suraj Bhan.
He also claimed that the writers of the later epics and the Puranas got confused because the ancient Indo-Aryans applied their ancient place names to the new place names as they migrated eastwards.
There are multiple candidates for first novel in English partly because of ignorance of earlier works, but largely because the term novel can be defined so as to exclude earlier candidates.
Just outside Cricqueville, the United States Army Air Forces established an airfield shortly after D-Day on 9 June 1944, just three days after the Allied landings in France.
Its parent department is the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
There are separate national archives for Scotland (the National Records of Scotland) and Northern Ireland (the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland).
TNA was formerly four separate organisations: the Public Record Office (PRO), the Historical Manuscripts Commission, the Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) and Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO).
The Public Record Office still exists as a legal entity, as the enabling legislation has not been modified, and documents held by the institution thus continue to be cited by many scholars as part of the PRO.
The building was opened in 1977 as an additional home for the public records, which were held in a building on Chancery Lane.
Until its closure in March 2008, the Family Records Centre in Islington was run jointly by The National Archives and the General Register Office.
The National Archives was created in 2003 by combining the Public Record Office and the Historical Manuscripts Commission and is a non-ministerial department reporting to the Minister of State for digital policy.
On 31 October 2006, The National Archives merged with the Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI), which itself also contained Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) which was previously a part of the Cabinet Office.
The National Archives (and before it the Public Record Office) has long had a role of oversight and leadership for the entire archives sector and archives profession in the UK, including local government and non-governmental archives.
Under the Public Records Act 1958 it is responsible for overseeing the appropriate custody of certain non-governmental public records in England and Wales.
Under the 2003 Historical Manuscripts Commission Warrant it has responsibility for investigating and reporting on non-governmental records and archives of all kinds throughout the United Kingdom.
In October 2011, when the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council was wound up, TNA took over its responsibilities in respect of archives in England, including providing information and advice to ministers on archives policy.
There is also a museum, which displays key documents such as Domesday Book and has exhibitions on various topics using material from the collections.
Anybody aged 16 or over can access the original documents at the Kew site, after producing two acceptable proofs of identity and being issued a free reader's ticket.
Frequently accessed documents such as the Abdication Papers have been put on microfilm, as have records for two million First World War soldiers.
The originals of the latter were stored in a warehouse in London along with four million others, but incendiary bombs dropped on the warehouse in the Second World War started a fire in which most were destroyed.
Because they were mostly too fragile for public access, they were put on microfilm with the aid of the Heritage Lottery Fund.
All of the open census records have been digitised, and there are also significant other sources online, such as wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1383–1858.
If a document is available online, The National Archives' policy is to encourage people to use the digital copy and not the original, even if they come to Kew, in order to protect the original from damage.
The documents are stored on mobile shelving – double-sided shelves, which are pushed together so that there is no aisle between them.
A large handle on the end of each shelf allows them to be moved along tracks in the floor to create an aisle when needed.
In the event of a fire The National Archives would be clearly unable to use sprinklers for fear of ruining its holdings, and so when the building is evacuated, argon gas is released into the air-tight repositories.
The National Archives' education web page is a free online resource for teaching and learning history, aimed at teachers and students.
Access to Archives (also known as A2A) is a database containing details of archival collections held in many different archive repositories in England and Wales.
As of March 2008, there are no more plans to add additional collections to A2A due to lack of funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund and the changing financial priorities of The National Archives, but existing entries can still be updated.
The A2A database was transferred to The National Archives with a new platform with a simpler interface to ensure its availability.
The National Register of Archives (NRA) is the central point for the collection and circulation of information about the content and nature of archival manuscripts relating to British history.
It contains published and unpublished lists and catalogues describing archival collections in the UK and overseas: currently over 44,000 such catalogues are included.
The register can be consulted in the National Archives reading room and the index used to be searchable as an online database on the National Archives web site.
TNA conducts an annual survey of archive repositories and records all new accessions, and the accession lists are also available on TNA's website.
The Register includes name indexes to its contents (covering corporate names, personal names, family names, and place names); but not subject or thematic indexes.
A separate National Register of Archives for Scotland is maintained at the National Archives of Scotland, but its contents are duplicated within the NRA at Kew.
ARCHON Directory is a database of contact details for archive repositories in the UK and institutions elsewhere in the world which have substantial collections of manuscripts relating to British history.
Your Archives is a wiki for the National Archives on-line community which was launched in May 2007; it was closed for editing on 30 September 2012 in preparation of archiving on the Government web archive.
The contributions are made by users to give additional information to that which is available on the other services provided by the National Archives, including the catalogue, research guides, documentonline and National Register of Archive.
Your Archives encourages users to create articles not only about historical records held by the National Archives, but those held in other archive repositories.
The National Archives operates the Civil Pages project on behalf of the Cabinet Office, operating as an online directory for the civil service, facilitating working together and providing a means of sharing knowledge securely between government departments.
In January 2011 The National Archives, in conjunction with historian Nick Barratt and smartphone applications development studio RevelMob, developed its first Old Money iPhone app, which uses historic price data from documents held at The National Archives to see what a sum of money from the past (from 1270) would be worth today and the spending power it would have commanded at the time.
In September 2011, TNA's museum began using QRpedia codes, which can be scanned by smartphone users in order to retrieve information about exhibits from Wikipedia.
Posts cover a wide range of topics, from specific events and time periods to features on holdings in TNA, as well as information on the archive's operations.
Archives Inspire is a strategy document that sets out the goals and priorities of the organisation over four years, from 2015 onwards.
On viewing photographs of the documents, Fenton's suspicions were immediately aroused by the fact that such a controversial policy was casually committed to paper, even to the extent of naming the assassin, and by the use of colourful language, unlike the civil service language of the 1940s used by senior Foreign Office officials John Wheeler-Bennett and Robert Bruce Lockhart.
Viewing the original documents the next day, Fenton spotted what looked like pencil marks beneath the signature on one of them.
TNA staff took four files, along with authenticated copies of the authors' handwriting, to Dr Audrey Giles, a former head of Scotland Yard's Questioned Documents Unit where she confirmed that the documents were certainly forgeries.
One letter head had been printed on a laser printer, the earliest example of which was produced in 1977, and all had tear marks where they had been threaded on to the security tags.
After his account of the deception appeared in the newspaper, Fenton was contacted by a German academic, Ernst Haiger, who informed him of his own suspicions over other TNA documents cited in an earlier Allen book.
Examination by TNA experts led to more than a dozen documents being identified as suspicious and submitted to Home Office specialists for examination.
In the addendum to the later American edition of the book (which acknowledged that the papers were forged), Allen theorised that, some time after he saw the documents, they had been removed and replaced with clumsily forged replicas, to cast doubt upon his discoveries.
Allen's health problems had prevented the police questioning him for nine months, after which he told them he was wholly innocent.
Around 800 of these records have since been recovered, and the archives has reported that they believe most are misplaced rather than permanently lost.
In 2017, the archives again received attention when it was reported that around 1000 files had been removed – in part or whole – by government officials and reported as missing when not returned.
In response to concerns stated by politicians and historians about management of the collection, the archives stressed that the number of missing files is quite small in proportion the entire holdings of the repository – about 0.01% – and that, as of 2017, its loss rate was only around 100 documents, annually.
MI5 records relating to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's time in office have caused some questions and controversy regarding the transparency of the British government.
In 2017, journalist Richard Norton-Taylor argued that MI5, and the British government by extension, was purposely withholding some information that the public deserves to know.
Norton-Taylor specifically refers to Thatcher's reluctance to allow the publication of two books looking into the impact that intelligence organizations of Britain had on World War II, as well as her worries about British activities in Northern Ireland becoming known to the general public.
Additional MI5 records relating to the blacklisting of government workers during Thatcher's time in office have also prompted questions after their release.
In addition to government workers, the blacklists also targeted other groups, such as unions and minorities, that may not fall in line with conservative policies.
Debates on the roles of MI5, Whitehall, and Thatcher's administration, have come up in light of these records at TNA and prompted questions of transparency as well as whether or not these blacklists had an effect on the careers of any individuals included.
Questions also remain, as of 2018, whether or not there are still blacklists currently in effect and if these could affect government workers, unions, and other individuals possibly included in the blacklists.
Criminal Justice Act (with its many variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in Canada, Malaysia, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom relating to the criminal law (including both substantive and procedural aspects of that law).
The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Criminal Justice Bill during its passage through Parliament.
Criminal Justice Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to the criminal law.
The change in nomenclature is due to the demise of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the imposition of direct rule.
The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom.
This family consists of about 170(-200) species in nine genera that are not very distinct, distributed primarily in the temperate areas of Europe and the Mediterranean basin, but also found in North America; a limited number of species are found in South America.
It has five sepals, the inner three of which are distinctly wider, and the outer two are narrow and sometimes regarded as bracteoles.
The ability of Cistaceae to thrive in many Mediterranean habitats follows from two important ecological properties: mycorrhizal ability and fast renewal after wildfire.
In this relationship, the fungus complements the root system in its task of absorbing water and minerals from the soil, and thus allows the host plant to dwell on particularly poor soils.
The plants cast their seeds in the soil during the growth period, but they do not germinate in the next season.
This coating together with their small size allows these plants to establish a large seed bank rather deep in the soil.
Once the fire comes and kills the vegetation in the area, the seed coating softens or cracks as a result of the heating, and the surviving seeds germinate shortly after the fire.
This mechanism allows the Cistaceae to produce a large number of young shoots simultaneously and at the right time, and thus to obtain an important advantage over other plants in the process of repopulating the area.
Molecular analyses of angiosperms have placed Cistaceae within the Malvales, forming a clade with two families of tropical trees, Dipterocarpaceae and Sarcolaenaceae.
Cistaceae has been listed as one of the 38 plants used to prepare Bach flower remedies, a kind of alternative medicine promoted for its effect on health.
These generic names inside Cistaceae were defined in various publications, but their members were synonymised with the eight accepted genera by later research.
An ice shanty (also called an ice shack, ice house, fishing shanty, fish house, fish coop, bobhouse, ice hut, or darkhouse) is a portable shed placed on a frozen lake to provide shelter during ice fishing.
They can be as small and cheap as a plastic tarp draped over a frame of two-by-fours, or as expensive as a small cabin with heat, bunks, electricity and cooking facilities.
More durable ice houses are generally left on a lake for the duration of the ice fishing season, although this can cause problems, such as thaws and re-freezing causing houses to be immoveably frozen onto the lake.
Many northern communities have developed bodies of laws about the operation of ice shanties - frequently including dates by which they must be removed, even if the ice can still hold them.
Fishermen often decorate their ice shanties in humorous ways (toilets are a popular joke addition), while others studiously work on ways to make their ice shanties more comfortable and efficient.
A producer of dubstep, drum and bass, trap and breakbeat, Excision is known for his dark, bass-heavy sounds created using bass and drums, the aggressiveness of metal, and hip-hop vibes.
The majority of tracks on the album were produced by Excision, with collaborations with other artists such as Downlink, Space Laces, Far Too Loud, Bassnectar and Ajapai.
On 15 November 2013, Excision unveiled a 100,000-watt sound system at the 1st Bank Center in Broomfield Colorado for the Boomfest event.
The event included a very special back-to-back set from Funtcase and Cookie Monsta along with Deltron 3030, Brillz, ill.Gates and Colorado locals, Robotic Pirate Monkey.
The new production system made its way across North America selling out countless venues with the support of Bear Grillz and Figure on most dates.
The lineup consisted of many of the top bass music DJs including: Excision, Seven Lions, Rezz, Zeds Dead, 12th Planet, Destroid, Kill The Noise, and many more.
The album took two years to make and it contains 14 songs and collaborations with artists including Dion Timmer, Sullivan King, Space Laces, Illenium and others.
The Grantland Rice Trophy was an annual award presented in the United States from 1954 to 2013 to the college football team recognized by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) as the National Champions.
Named for the legendary sportswriter Grantland Rice, the trophy was the first national championship award to be presented after the college football bowl games.
Through 1991 voting was undertaken by the membership of the FWAA, but after 1992 was conducted amongst a panel of four or five selected writers, initially by a positional voting system but after 1994 by a single-team vote.
On August 26, 2010, the FWAA announced that the 2004 award presented to the USC Trojans had been rescinded, the first time in the award's history that a winner has vacated the honor.
With the advent of the College Football Playoff (CFP) for the 2014 season, the FWAA quietly retired the Grantland Rice Trophy, joining with the National Football Foundation (NFF) to instead publish the FWAA-NFF Grantland Rice Super 16 Poll during the regular season, with the CFP champion automatically receiving the NFF's MacArthur Bowl Trophy.
Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of parent and infant not only by maximal parental empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.
Spock had mothers advised to raise their infants according to their own common sense and with plenty of physical contact – a guideline that radically broke with the preceding doctrines of L. Emmett Holt and John B. Watson; the book became a bestseller, and Spock's new child rearing concept greatly influenced the upbringing of the post-war generations.
In Venezuela, Liedhoff had studied Ye'kuana people, and later she recommended to Western mothers to nurse and to wear their infants and to share their bed with them.
She argued that infants, speaking in terms of evolution, have not arrived in the modernity yet, so that today's way of child care – with bottle feeding, use of cribs and baby carriages, etc.
He contributed new research about the capacity of even newborn infants to express themselves and their emotions, sensitized parents for these signals, and encouraged them – just like Spock – to follow their own judgment.
In 1985, William Sears and his wife Martha Sears began to link the concept – ex post – with attachment theory which they had begun to recognize at that time.
All three books stood – with their opposition against a crude behavioristic infant anthropology – in the tradition of Spock, but radicalized the concept of a contingency-oriented parenting on the one hand, and incorporated Liedloff's idea of an instinct-guided resp.
Hunt who sees herself as a child advocate, campaigned in this book not only for attachment parenting, but also for unschooling.
Like before him the founders of attachment theory, Mary Ainsworth in particular, William Sears teaches that a strong mother-child-attachment emerges from contingency, that is of emotional attunement of mother and child, which again is based on the mother's sensitivity.
Marshall Klaus and John Kennell from 1967; however, Klaus and Kennell later modified their original assumptions, including the one cited by Sears.
Sears advises women to abstain from analgesics during childbirth, since those drug the child, too, and according to Sears interfere with the birth bonding.
William Sears argues that breastfeeding greatly accommodates mother-child-attachment because it triggers the release of oxytocin in the mother which supports her emotional bonding with the child, notably in the first ten days after childbirth.
In opposition to bottle feeding which tends to being done in three to four hour intervals, breastfeeding enables the mother, too, to perceive the child's moods and needs exactly.
Since the half-life period of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin (which promote bonding) are very short, Sears recommends to breastfeed very frequently, newborns in particular (8 to 12 times a day).
He claims that infants up to six months should be exclusively fed with breast milk, since he believes that, at that age, children are allergic to all other foods.
William Sears advocates extended breastfeeding, since he is convinced that breastfeeding supports attachment even of older children and that it is a valid instrument to comfort older children or to bring mother and child together on turbulent days.
Sears’ recommendations are in accordance with the WHO guidelines on breastfeeding, which recommend exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months and complementary breastfeeding in the first two years for all countries.
Since breastfeeding studies are, for ethical reasons, never conducted as randomized controlled trials, critics have repeatedly suspected that studies may have produced the superiority of breastfeeding as an artifact.
Both the physical, emotional and mental development of children and the preferences of women for a feeding method are strongly determined by socioeconomical factors such as the mother's ethnicity, social class, and education.
If researchers go without randomization and turn a blind eye to those possible alternative factors, they fundamentally run a risk to falsely credit the feeding method for effects of socioeconomical factors.
A loophole from this problem was first presented by Cynthia G. Colen (Ohio State University), who successfully factored out socioeconomical determinants by comparing siblings only; her study demonstrated that formula fed children showed only minimal differences to their breastfed siblings, insofar as their physical, emotional and mental thriving was concerned.
In 2006, John R. Britton and a research team (Kaiser Permanente) found that highly sensitive mothers are more likely than less sensitive mothers to breastfeed and to breastfeed over a long time period.
Sears advises mothers to wear infants on the body as many hours during the day as possible, for example in a sling.
He argues that this practice makes the child happy and allows the mother to involve the child into everything she does and never to lose sight of the child.
He advises working mothers to wear the child at least 4–5 hours every night in order to make good for her absence during the day.
In 1990, a research team from New York revealed in a randomized study that children of lower class mothers who to the age of 13 months spent a lot of time in a child carrier on their mother's body showed significantly more frequently a secure attachment as defined by Ainsworth than the control group children, who spend more time in an infant seat.
Sears argues furthermore that babywearing exercises the child's sense of balance; since a child who is worn on the mother's experiences more of her conversations, he believes that babywearing is also beneficial for the child's language acquisition.
Infants cry the most in the age of six weeks; in 1986, a research team at McGill University showed in a randomized study that infants of that age cried significantly less if their parents wore them a lot on the body during the day.
He approves on the use of a sling up to the age of three, since childwearing can also be used to calm a misbehaving toddler down.
Other pediatricians find it disputable to wear children beyond the age of nine months permanently on the body, arguing that this is against the child's natural desire for autonomy.
William Sears states that any sleeping arrangement that a family practices is acceptable as long as it works; but he advises mother to sleep close to the child.
He thinks of co-sleeping as the ideal arrangement and refers to it as the nighttime equivalent of babywearing: co-sleeping supports, in his opinion, the mother-child-attachment, makes breastfeeding more convenient, and prevents not only separation anxiety, but SIDS, too.
Sears is convinced that mother and child, in spite of frequent nighttime breastfeeding, have the best sleep when they sleep close together.
Moreover, Katie Allison Granju argued that co-sleeping is beneficial for children, too, because it gives children a vivid notion of the concept of bedtime.
He doesn't even object if a child is in the habit of spending the whole night with her mother's nipple in her mouth, except when the mother really feels uncomfortable.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a very rare incident; it occurs in less than ½ per mill of all infants.
James J. McKenna (University of Notre Dame) has discovered that co-sleeping mothers and infants not only synchronize their sleep-wake-rhythm, but their breathing, too; he therefore reasons that co-sleeping lowers the SIDS risk.
Nonetheless, studies that investigate SIDS directly have shown that permanent co-sleeping rather raises the SIDS risk than lowering it; it is worth noting that in the study, the increased risk of SIDS occurred in infants younger than four months when the parents were especially tired, had consumed alcohol, were smokers, slept on a sofa, or the baby was in a duvet.
Attachment Parenting International issued a response which stated that the data referenced in the Consumer Product Safety Commission statement were unreliable, and that co-sponsors of the campaign had created a conflict of interest.
A meta study from Israel has pointed out in 2000 that sleeping aids such as pacifiers and teddy bears significantly improve the child's sleep, while co-sleeping and frequent nighttime breastfeeding if anything hinder the formation of wholesome sleeping patterns.
The most important factor for a child to get a good sleep proved to be the mother's emotional accessibility, not her permanent physical closeness.
But as early as in 1962, T. Berry Brazelton had shown in a study that a certain amount of crying in young infants does not indicate emotional or physical problems, but is to be considered normal and harmless.
Sears argues that advocates of sleep training are professionally incompetent and merely business oriented, and that there is no scientific proof that sleep training is beneficial for children.
than most other present-day ways of parenting, placing high responsibility on them without allowing for a support network of helpful friends or family.
He suggests a whole package of measures that aim to prevent an emotional burnout of the mother, like the prioritization and delegation of duties and responsibilities, streamlining of daily routines, and collaboration between both parents.
Mayim Bialik, too, considers attachment a feminist option, since it constitutes an alternative to the – male dominated – superiority of physicians who traditionally shaped the spheres of pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood.
Since attachment parenting poses a considerable challenge to the reconcilability of motherhood and female career, the philosophy has been greatly criticized, most notably in the context of the attachment parenting controversy from 2012.
Sears states that in attachment families, parents and children practice a highly developed and sophisticated type of communication that makes it unnecessary for parents to use practices such as scolding; often, all it takes is a mere frown.
As studies have shown, it is indeed possible to use discipline strategies that are sensitive and, therefore, one should not equate discipline and insensitive caregiving.
Like Benjamin Spock before them, William and Martha Sears consider their parenting philosophy as a common sense and instinct-guided ad hoc way of parenting.
In contrast to Spock who derived his ideas in a straight line from Freud’s psychoanalysis, the Searses in fact didn’t start out from a theory; even the tie to attachment theory was only engineered ex post, when the philosophy was already largely complete.
Their belief in such scientific proof doesn’t hinder the Searses to advise AP parents not to engage in discussions with AP critics.
Critics consider a lack of a consistent theoretical foundation – notably the lack of precise definitions of the fundamental terms – a shortcoming of the attachment parenting concept.
As early as in the late 1940s, Donald Winnicott gave a detailed account of the development of the child's attachment; at the latest after the sixth month, healthy children begin to disengage from the mother-child symbiosis quite normally.
The readers must therefore assume that attachment is a deeply vulnerable state that never stabilizes and that requires constant reestablishment through incessant sensitivity.
His formulations don't reveal which kind of problematic attachment is meant: reactive attachment disorder (ICD), desorganized attachment (Ainsworth) or the two forms of insecure attachment (Ainsworth).
Due to the vague description of problematic attachment, Sears and AP organisations who use his criteria have been reproached to produce a high rate of false positives.
Sears offers a discrimination between (good) attachment and (bad) enmeshment, but again without explaining to his readers how exactly they can identify the difference.
In field studies in Uganda, Ainsworth has observed that sometimes even children who spend plenty of time with their mothers and who were breastfed on cue, developed signs of insecure attachment; she concluded that it is not the quantity of mother-child interaction that determines the attachment type, but the quality.
The theoretical starting point of attachment parenting – the idea of contingency – would suggest a concept of the infant as a creature who is essentially defined by their feelings and communication.
As early as in the 1940s, psychologists such as Abraham Maslow shaped detailed models of the human needs; ever since, scientists have made a clear distinction between needs on the one hand and desires on the other hand.
Although they stressed that parents must distinguish between needs and desires of children, in particular of older children, they denied their readers a guideline of how to tell needs and desires apart.
With a view to toddlers, they often phrase it: a child is not ready yet (to do without breastfeeding, without co-sleeping, etc.
To give a child comfort is an important parental responsibility; but parents are just as well liable to teach their child to take heart by their own power.
In resilience psychology, too, there is broad agreement today that it harms children if their parents keep any stress away from them indiscriminately; by doing so, they suggest to the child that everyday problems are painful and overall to be avoided.
Even though stress is one of the fundamental terms of attachment parenting, William Sears’ publications don't reveal acquaintance with pertinent literature about this topic.
Sears links stress and distress with the release of cortisol, but uses both terms synonymously and in a purely colloquial sense.
He refers the term to any uncomfortable or frustrating state which makes the child cry – a signal which AP mothers are supposed to carefully attend to since stress sickens the child.
The Searses describe attachment parenting as the natural, biological, intuitive and spontaneous behavior of mothers who rely on their instincts, sixth sense, inner wisdom or common sense.
But already Arnold Gehlen had disputed that humans still have much instinct at their disposal; for him, plasticity and learning aptitude outranked instinct.
Many of the methods that the representatives of attachment parenting attribute to the evolutionary history of life don't actually play the major role in non-western cultures that is attributed to them.
In Cameroon for example, children are actually carried in a sling initially, but then have to learn to sit and to walk much earlier than European and North American children; rather than to cultivate affectionate eye contact, mothers blow into their children's face in order to get them out of the habit of making eye contact.
Amish mothers for example co-sleep with their infants, but only for the first several months; they never let their infants and toddlers out of view, but they don't wear them while they are working.
From very early on, Amish children are raised to serve God, family, and community rather than to express their own needs.
As Suzanne M. Cox (Northwestern University) has pointed out, neither attachment theory nor attachment parenting offer a general outline of the optimal development of the child, which could be used to empirically measure the efficacy of attachment parenting.
The Searses promise parenting results such as increased independence, confidence, health, physical growth, improved development of the motor and language skills, good manners, conscientiousness, social competence, sense of justice, altruism, sensitivity, empathy, concentration, self-control, and intelligence.
Similar to the German catholic Albert Wunsch, Sears therefore ranks among those parenting advisors whose philosophies reflect stray aspects of their religious beliefs, but result in a purely worldly target.
In the United States, parenting tips of well-known people like the actresses Mayim Bialik and Alicia Silverstone contributed to the popularity of the philosophy.
William Sears has close ties to the international La Leche League (LLL) which feature him as a conference speaker and published several of his books.
Parents who follow the philosophy have been reproached as acting according to their own helplessness and unsatisfied emotional neediness which may be the true reasons for their decision to incessantly pacify their child by breastfeeding and babywearing even into toddlerhood, as the belief that the child actually needs all that permanent intimacy for their healthy development is only a subterfuge.
Emma Jenner argued that parents who are in the habit of stereotypically attending to each of the child's signals with physical proximity will not learn to perceive the child's needs in the full extent of their bandwidth and complexity.
Sociologist Jan Macvarish (University of Kent), a pioneer in the recent field of parenting culture study, described how AP parents utilize their parenting philosophy as a strategy of individualization, as a way to find personal identity and to join a group of congenial adults.
According to Macvarish, it is characteristic for such choices that they are much more angled towards the parents' self-perception than towards the child's needs.
Sociologist Charlotte Faircloth, too, considers attachment parenting a strategy that women pursue in order to gain and to express personal identity.
Multiple authors have stated that many parents choose attachment parenting as part of an individualization strategy and as a statement of personal identity and of social affiliation.
The Sears encourage some of these practices explicitly, for example non-smoking, healthy and home-prepared food, no circumcision, but don't comment on how they are supposed to be linked to the core ideas of attachment parenting.
Any form of intensive, obsessive mothering has, as Katha Pollitt stated, devastating consequences for the equality of treatment of women in the society.
In France, Élisabeth Badinter argued that over-parenting, obsession with washable diapers and organic, home made infant food, and parenting practices as the ones recommended by Sears, with breastfeeding into toddlerhood, bring women inevitably back into outdated patterns of gender role.
Still, gynecologist Amy Tuteur (formerly Harvard Medical School) stated that attachment parenting amounts to a new subjection of the woman's body under social control – a trend that is more than questionable in the face to the hard-fought achievements of women's movement.
As Erica Jong observed, the rise of attachment parenting followed a surge of glamourized motherhood of popular stars (Angelina Jolie, Madonna, Gisele Bündchen) in the mass media.
Hays saw the motives for the overloading of motherhood in the idealistic endeavor to cure an overly egoistical and competitive society through a counterbalancing principle of altruistic motherliness.
In 2014, a team of researchers at the University of Mary Washington showed in a study that mothers endorsing the belief that parenting is challenging (e.g.
Sears has claimed infants have a natural preference for a mother in the early years; although, little scientific literature actually supports this conjecture since these studies are typically done in situations were the mother is the primary caregiver and not the father.
Breastfeeding includes nutritional benefits which are undeniable, but the main reason breastfeeding is promoted in attachment parenting is for the mother-child bonding through skin to skin contact and intimacy; however, the benefits of skin to skin contact and intimacy are still present for fathers.
Dr. Sigmund Freud theorized that infants tend to prefer mothers since it is the mother who fulfill's the infant's oral needs; however, if the father is fulfilling this need, it would be reasonable to assume that attachment would form with the father.
A free nerve ending (FNE) or bare nerve ending, is an unspecialized, afferent nerve fiber sending its signal to a sensory neuron.
The title refers to elements of the subconscious which unfold through the story and are eventually manifested as a fantastic mythical creature: a manticore.
Multimodal perception is the ability of the mammalian nervous system to combine all of the different inputs of the sensory nervous system to result in an enhanced detection or identification of a particular stimulus.
Multimodal perception is not limited to one area of the brain: many brain regions are activated when sensory information is perceived from the environment.
In fact, the hypothesis of having a centralized multisensory region is receiving continually more speculation, as several regions previously uninvestigated are now considered multimodal.
The reasons behind this are currently being investigated by several research groups, but it is now understood to approach these issues from a decentralized theoretical perspective.
Moreover, several labs using invertebrate model organisms will provide invaluable information to the community as these are more easily studied and are considered to have decentralized nervous systems.
When sounds are matched or mismatched with the movements of the lips, temporal sulcus of the left hemisphere becomes more active.
Integration effect is applied when the brain detects weak unimodal signals and combines them to create a multimodal perception for the mammal.
The stimulus modality for vision is light; the human eye is able to access only a limited section of the electromagnetic spectrum, between 380 and 760 nanometres.
Specific inhibitory responses that take place in the visual cortex help create a visual focus on a specific point rather than the entire surrounding.
When a particle of light hits the photoreceptors of the eye, the two molecules come apart from each other and a chain of chemical reactions occurs.
The chemical reaction begins with the photoreceptor sending a message to a neuron called the bipolar cell through the use of an action potential, or nerve impulse.
The eye is able to detect a visual stimulus when the photons (light packets) cause a photopigment molecule, primarily rhodopsin, to come apart.
When entering a dark room after being in a well lit area, the eyes require time for a good quantity of rhodopsin to regenerate.
As more time passes, there is a higher chance that the photons will split an unbleached photopigment because the rate of regeneration will have surpassed the rate of bleaching.
Humans are able to see an array of colours because light in the visible spectrum is made up of different wavelengths (from 380 to 760 nm).
The three cones are each specialized to best pick up a certain wavelength (420, 530 and 560 nm or roughly the colours blue, green and red).
The brain is able to distinguish the wavelength and colour in the field of vision by figuring out which cone has been stimulated.
According to Young, the human visual system is able to create any colour through the collection of information from the three cones.
The system will put together the information and systematize a new colour based on the amount of each hue that has been detected.
In a 1992 study Krosnick, Betz, Jussim and Lynn conducted a study where participants were shown a series of slides in which different people were going through normal every day activities (i.e.
a bucket of snakes, a face on fire) for a period 13 milliseconds that participants consciously perceived as a sudden flash of light.
The experiment found that during the questionnaire round, participants were more likely to assign positive personality traits to those in the pictures that were preceded by the positive subliminal images and negative personality traits to those in the pictures that were preceded by the negative subliminal images.
Visual acuity tests are the most common tests and they measure the ability to bring details into focus at different distances.
These conditions occur when the light rays entering the eye are unable to converge on a single spot on the retina.
In healthy normal vision, an individual should be able to partially perceive objects to the left or right of their field of view using both eyes at one time.
This test is also used as an important step in some job screening processes as the ability to see colour in such jobs may be crucial.
As an object vibrates, it compresses the surrounding molecules of air as it moves towards a given point and expands the molecules as it moves away from the point.
Humans, on average, are able to detect sounds as pitched when they contain periodic or quasi-periodic variations that fall between the range of 30 to 20000 hertz.
This opening allows the vibrations to move through the liquid in the cochlea where the receptive organ is able to sense it.
The human ear is able to detect differences in pitch through the movement of auditory hair cells found on the basilar membrane.
High frequency sounds will stimulate the auditory hair cells at the base of the basilar membrane while medium frequency sounds cause vibrations of auditory hair cells located at the middle of the basilar membrane.
For frequencies that are lower than 200 Hz, the tip of the basilar membrane vibrates in sync with the sound waves.
When a louder sound is heard, more hair cells are stimulated and the intensity of firing of axons in the cochlear nerve is increased.
However, because the rate of firing also defines low pitch the brain has an alternate way of encoding for loudness of low frequency sounds.
Timbre allows us to hear the difference between two instruments that are playing at the same frequency and loudness, for example.
In a series of 214 tests conducted on 7 pregnant women, a reliable increase in fetal movement was detected in the minute directly following the application of a sound stimulus to the abdomen of the mother with a frequency of 120 per second.
Hearing tests are administered to ensure optimal function of the ear and to observe whether or not sound stimuli is entering the ear drum and reaching the brain as should be.
Some hearing tests include the whispered speech test, pure tone audiometry, the tuning fork test, speech reception and word recognition tests, otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test and auditory brainstem response (ABR) test.
The tester will then step back 1 to 2 feet behind the participant and say a series of words in a soft whisper.
If the participant is unable to distinguish the word, the tester will speak progressively louder until the participant is able to understand what is being said.
The test will play with the volume controls and the participant is asked to signal when he or she can no longer hear the tone being played.
The spondee threshold test is a related test that detects the loudness at which the participant is able to repeat half of a list of two syllable words or spondees.
A microphone placed in the baby's ear canal will pick up the inner ear's response to sound stimulation and allows for observation.
The ABR, also known as the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test or auditory brainstem evoked potential (ABEP) test measure the brain's response to clicking sounds sent through headphones.
The number of taste receptors in a mammalian tongue and on the tongue of the fly (labellum) is same in amount.
Different modalities help determine perception of taste especially when attention is drawn to particular sensory characteristics which is different from taste.
There are 20 cold points per square centimeter in the lips, 4 in the finger, and less than 1 cold point per square centimeter in trunk areas.
The environment acts as an external stimulus, and tactile perception is the act of passively exploring the world to simply sense it.
To make sense of the stimuli, an organism will undergo active exploration, or haptic perception, by moving their hands or other areas with environment-skin contact.
Tactile stimulation can be direct in the form of bodily contact, or indirect through the use of a tool or probe.
Tactual perception gives information regarding cutaneous stimuli (pressure, vibration, and temperature), kinaesthetic stimuli (limb movement), and proprioceptive stimuli (position of the body).
There are varying degrees of tactual sensitivity and thresholds, both between individuals and between different time periods in an individual's life.
This may be due to callouses forming on the skin of the most used hand, creating a buffer between the stimulus and the receptor.
Alternately, the difference in sensitivity may be due to a difference in the cerebral functions or ability of the left and right hemisphere.
Tests have also shown that deaf children have a greater degree of tactile sensitivity than that of children with normal hearing ability, and that girls generally have a greater degree of sensitivity than that of boys.
The response from a mechanoreceptor detecting pressure can be experienced as a touch, discomfort, or pain, and the force of pressure is measured by a pressure algometer and a dolorimeter.
The axons of these single tactile receptors will converge into a single nerve trunk, and the signal is then sent to the spinal cord where the message makes its way to the somatosensory systems in the brain.
There are four types of mechanoreceptors: Meissner corpuscles and merkel cell neurite complexes, located between the epidermis and dermis, and Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings, located deep within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
This is the smallest separation of two points at which two distinct points of contact can be sensed rather than one.
Different parts of the body have different degrees of tactile acuity, with extremities such as the fingers, face, and toes being the most sensitive.
The physical stimulus perceived through prompting is similar to the physical stimulus that would be experienced in a real-world situation, and is makes the target behavior more likely in a real situation.
Inside the nasal chambers is the neuroepithelium, a lining deep within the nostrils that contains the receptors responsible for detecting molecules that are small enough to smell.
These receptor neurons then synapse at the olfactory cranial nerve (CN I), which sends the information to the olfactory bulbs in the brain for initial processing.
Studies have shown that an odor coupled with a taste increases the perceived intensity of the taste, and that an absence of a corresponding smell decreases the perceived intensity of a taste.
The dual perception of the stimulus produces an interaction that facilitates association of the experience through an additive neural response and memorization of the stimulus.
Of these three odors, two are the same and one is different, and the participant must choose which odor is the unique one.
In this method, the odor's concentration is increased until the participant is able to sense it, and subsequently decreased until the participant reports no sensation.
Sfar was born in Nice, the son of Lilou, a pop singer, who died when he was three, and André Sfar, a lawyer well known for prosecuting Neo-Nazis.
As a result of his mother's early death, Sfar was raised by his father and maternal grandfather, a military doctor of Ukrainian origin in the Alsace-Lorraine Independent Brigade (France) during World War II.
Sfar's grandfather reportedly saved the right hand of the brigade's leader, novelist André Malraux, for which he was awarded French citizenship.
A wildly prolific artist, he is considered one of the most important artists of the new wave of Franco-Belgian comics, though he has rejected the assertion that he, along with artists like Christophe Blain, Marjane Satrapi, and Lewis Trondheim, sought to create an alternative scene or a new movement in comics.
Sfar is the son of Jewish parents (an Ashkenazi mother whose family was from Ukraine and a Sephardic father from Algeria).
His main influences are Fred and André Franquin as well as Marc Chagall, Chaim Soutine, Will Eisner, Hugo Pratt and John Buscema.
The film, which draws substantially on Sfar's abilities as a comic book artist through its extensive use of fantasy artwork, animation and puppetry, was released in 2010 to general critical acclaim.
The Rural Electrification Act of 1936, enacted on May 20, 1936, provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution systems to serve isolated rural areas of the United States.
These member-owned cooperatives purchased power on a wholesale basis and distributed it using their own network of transmission and distribution lines.
At the time the Rural Electrification Act was passed, electricity was commonplace in cities but largely unavailable in farms, ranches, and other rural places.
Representative John E. Rankin and Senator George William Norris were supporters of the Rural Electrification Act, which was signed into law by Roosevelt on May 20, 1936.
Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn was a major proponent of the REA, which he helped pass in 1936 as Chairman of the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee.
He proudly stated in 1959 that ninety percent of farm homes in the U.S. were electrified, compared to three percent in the early 1930s.
Many of these original installations still exist today, though most have been augmented to support a greater number and variety of appliances.
These ships are intended to sustain 160 sorties per day for 30-plus days, with a surge capability of 270 sorties per day.
The endurance of this class is exemplified by , which spent 159 days underway during Operation Enduring Freedom without visiting a port or being refueled.
Major design changes include a larger flight deck, improvements in weapons and material handling, a new propulsion plant design that requires fewer people to operate and maintain, and a new, smaller island that has been pushed aft.
Technological advances in electromagnetics have led to the development of an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) and an Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG).
An integrated warfare system, the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), has been developed to allow the ship to more easily take on new missions.
Several sections have been altered to improve aircraft handling, storage, and flow, all in the service of increasing the sortie rate.
This shift creates deck space for a centralized rearming and refueling location, and thereby reduces the number of times that an aircraft will have to be moved after landing before it can be relaunched.
Fewer aircraft movements require, in turn, fewer deck hands to accomplish them, reducing the size of the ship's crew and increasing sortie rate.
As well, the movement of weapons from storage and assembly to the aircraft on the flight deck has been streamlined and accelerated.
These elevators are located so that ordnance need not cross any areas of aircraft movement, thereby reducing traffic problems in the hangars and on the flight deck.
These improvements lead to simpler construction, reduced maintenance, and lower manpower requirements as well as to a more compact system that requires less space in the ship.
The modernization of the plant led to a higher core energy density, lower demands for pumping power, a simpler construction, and the use of modern electronic controls and displays.
Only half of the electric power generation capacity is used by currently planned systems, with half remaining available for future technologies.
EMALS' improved control will enable it to launch both heavier and lighter aircraft than the steam catapult and will reduce the stress on airframes, resulting in less maintenance and longer lifetimes for the aircraft.
While the hydraulic system is effective, as demonstrated by more than fifty years of implementation, the AAG system offers a number of improvements.
The current system is unable to capture unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) without damaging them due to extreme stresses on the airframe.
Even though the system will look the same from the flight deck as its predecessor, it will be more flexible, safe, and reliable, and will require less maintenance and manning.
The DBR works by combining the X band AN/SPY-3 multifunction radar with the S band Volume Search Radar (VSR) emitters, distributed into three phased arrays.
The three faces dedicated to the X-band radar handle low-altitude tracking and radar illumination, while the three S-band faces handle target search and tracking regardless of weather.
The AN/SPY-3 consists of three active arrays and the Receiver/Exciter (REX) cabinets abovedecks and the Signal and Data Processor (SDP) subsystem below-decks.
The DBR gets its power from the Common Array Power System (CAPS), which comprises Power Conversion Units (PCUs) and Power Distribution Units (PDUs).
The radar's noise characteristics support the high clutter cancellation requirements required in the broad range of maritime operating environments that DBR will likely encounter.
The receiver has both narrow band and wideband channels, as well as multichannel capabilities to support monopulse radar processing and side lobe blanking.
The high-performance COTS servers perform signal analysis using radar and digital signal processing techniques, including channel equalization, clutter filtering, Doppler processing, impulse editing, and implementation of a variety of advanced electronic protect algorithms.
The DP contains the resource manager, the tracker, and the command and control processor, which processes commands from the combat system.
The DBR utilizes a multi-tier, dual-band tracker, which consists of a local X band tracker, a local S band tracker, and a central tracker.
The X band tracker is optimized for low latency to support its mission of providing defense against fast, low-flying missiles, while the VSR tracker is optimized for throughput due to the large-volume search area coverage requirements.
The system uses information about the current environment and doctrine from the combat system to make automated decisions, not only reducing reaction times, but also reducing the risks associated with human error.
The EASR suite's initial per-unit cost will be about $180 million less than the DBR, for which the estimate is about $500 million.
The carrier will be armed with the Raytheon Evolved Sea Sparrow missile (ESSM), which defends against high-speed, highly maneuverable anti-ship missiles.
Co-developed with the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, PyroGenesis Canada Inc., was in 2008 awarded the contract to outfit the ship with a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS).
After having completed factory acceptance testing in Montreal, the system was scheduled to be shipped to the Huntington Ingalls shipyard in late 2011 for installation on the carrier.
This modeling enabled the rooms within the ship to be modular, so that future upgrades can be implemented by designers simply by swapping a box in and locking it down.
Sailors would use motorized carts to move the weapons from storage to the elevators at different levels of the weapons magazines.
The redesign of the weapons movement paths and the location of the weapons elevators on the flight deck will reduce manpower and contribute to a much higher sortie generation rate.
These integration activities include testing the F-35C with CVN-78's EMALS and advanced arresting gear system and testing the ship's storage capabilities for the F-35C's lithium-ion batteries (which provide start-up and back-up power), tires, and wheels.
As a result of F-35C developmental delays, the US Navy will not field the aircraft until at least 2018—one year after CVN-78 delivery.
As a result, the Navy has deferred critical F-35C integration activities, which introduces risk of system incompatibilities and costly retrofits to the ship after it is delivered to the Navy.
Each berthing has an associated head, including showers, vacuum-powered septic-system toilets (no urinals since the berthings are built gender-neutral) and sinks to reduce travel and traffic to access those facilities.
The carrier was assembled at Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries (formerly Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding) in Newport News, Virginia.
In 2013, the life-cycle cost per operating day of a carrier strike group (including aircraft) was estimated at $6.5 million by the Center for New American Security.
That changed in December 2016, when Navy Secretary Ray Mabus signed a Force Structure Assessment calling for a 355-ship fleet with 12 aircraft carriers.
As construction of CVN-78 progressed, the shipbuilder discovered first-of-class type design changes, which it will use to update the model before the construction of the remaining vessels of its class.
According to the Navy, many of these 19,000 changes were programmed into the construction schedule early on—a result of the government's decision at contract award to introduce improvements during construction to the ship's warfare systems, which are heavily dependent on evolving commercial technologies.
On 20 January 2020, Acting Secretary of the Navy Thomas B. Modly will name a future Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier in honor of World War II hero Ship’s Cook First Class Doris Miller during a ceremony in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Martin Luther King Jr. Day.
This will be the first aircraft carrier ever named for an African American, and the first aircraft carrier to be named for a sailor in the enlisted ranks.
This will be the second ship named in honor of Miller, who was the first African American to be awarded the Navy Cross.
BBC Radio Humberside is a BBC Local Radio service covering the area of the former English county of Humberside, which was returned to North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire the East Riding of Yorkshire and the City of Kingston upon Hull on 1 April 1996.
On the first night of broadcasting, many West Yorkshire rugby league fans were disappointed when the relatively powerful High Hunsley transmitter signal was heard instead of Radio Leeds, so all they heard was a commentary of Hull KR v Widnes instead of football.
In line with the other BBC local stations in the area, BBC Radio Humberside was part of the BBC Night Network when it was formed in May 1989, providing the station with regular evening, albeit regional rather than local, programming for the first time.
Before this, the station generally stopped broadcasting at around 6 pm, and handed over to BBC Radio 2 which was carried on the station's frequencies until the following morning although for the three years before the launch of Night Network, Radio Humberside had broadcast the Yorkshire-wide early evening specialist music programmes which were also carried on Radios York, Leeds and Sheffield.
BBC Radio Humberside broadcasts to East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire on 95.9 FM (High Hunsley), DAB, channel 721 on Freeview, and on the BBC website via the Internet.
The FM transmitter, between Beverley and South Cave 500 ft. up on the Yorkshire Wolds is quite powerful over the relatively flat surrounding area being heard clearly in most of South Yorkshire as well.
The signal reaches right across to the highest point of the M62 near junction 22 with the A672, the highest point of the A66, much of Lincolnshire, and as far south as Nottingham on the M1, near the Trowell service station and Newark.
It also broadcasts Viking FM on 96.9 FM (Radio Humberside's old frequency), Capital Yorkshire on 105.8 FM and BBC National DAB (since 20 April 2006).
The DAB signals come from the Bauer Humberside 10D multiplex from three transmitters at Cave Wold (most powerful, three miles south of High Hunsley, and a BT microwave transmitter, Buckton Barn (Bridlington, also has Yorkshire Coast Radio on 102.4) and Bevan Flats (Grimsby, also transmits Compass FM on 96.4).
As of August 2005, the station began using a custom made package featuring the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, it was produced by S2blue in Staffordshire.
In 2010 the idents package was completely refreshed by S2Blue, introducing new rhythm tracks to the 2005 package, new instrumentation across the whole set and a raft of new cuts, all keeping the same memorable logo.
BBC Radio Humberside carries travel bulletins every 30 minutes (every 15 minutes during Breakfast and Drive) from INTRIX Travel Media, also used by commercial stations including KCFM and community station West Hull FM.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Humberside carries regional programming for Yorkshire and the North Midlands, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Leeds and BBC Radio Sheffield.
The station broadcasts across Greater London and beyond, on the 94.9 FM frequency, DAB, Virgin Media Channel 937, Sky Channel 0152 (in the London area only), Freeview Channel 721 and online.
While previous incarnations of the station offered a more diverse range of programmes for London's various ethnic, religious, social and cultural communities, specialist programming now remains in a smaller form and is mostly broadcast during weekends.
Local radio arrived in London as part of the second wave of BBC local stations, following a successful pilot project headed by Frank Gillard, who on visiting the United States discovered local radio stations of varying formats and was to bring this concept to Britain.
Test transmissions for the new local radio station were carried out from Wrotham, Kent, on 95.3 MHz in FM mono, relaying BBC Radio 1 (at the time broadcast only on medium wave), with several announcements informing listeners of the new service.
On 6 October 1970 BBC Radio London was launched, three years before commercial radio for Greater London in the guise of LBC.
BBC Radio London was the local station for the capital, although in the early days it relied heavily on news reports from other stations in the BBC network and often shared programming with BBC Radio 2.
It took on a fairly lively sound and featured (as it does to this day) extensive traffic reports, phone-in programmes — it pioneered the daily phone-in in the UK — and much contemporary and middle-of-the-road music.
For several months after launch the station was not able to play commercial records as no agreement had been reached over so-called needle time, which led to London listeners becoming acquainted with broadcast library music from outside the UK (notably the Canadian Talent Library) and music from film soundtracks.
Listeners were invited to choose a Christmas carol or hymn while a Salvation Army brass band stood by in the studio to play their request live.
As soon as Independent Local Radio stations LBC and Capital Radio went on air, public attention to Radio London declined, with the station attempting to copy both.
This move was unpopular with employed staff, who thought it very un-hip, and politicians who would question the need for a local radio station to sound like the two music-based BBC national networks.
The programme helped to develop on-air talent from London's Afro-Caribbean community, namely Juliet Alexander, Syd Burke and Mike Phillips and was the pioneering programme on television or radio to regularly speak to Black Londoners.
This was where Dave Pearce, later of BBC Radio 1 fame, made his first regular appearances as a BBC DJ (Monday night programme 'A fresh start to the week').
Two of the station's producers, Guy Hornsby (Tony Blackburn) and Mike Gray (RobbieTalk:BBC London 94.9 Vincent Telephone Programme), went on to create the ground-breaking commercial dance stations Kiss 102 and Kiss 105, which recaptured the somewhat anarchic spirit of BBC Radio London in its mid-1980s heyday to great audience and commercial success.
Immediately after closedown at 7pm, test transmissions began for the next 17 days, preparing for a new radio station for London.
Its pre-launch announcements stated in no uncertain terms that GLR was to be radically different in style promising the fastest news, traffic and travel news every 20 minutes and the best music mix.
Bannister, from Capital Radio, favoured a young, racy, news and speech format, miles away from the typically stuffy BBC Local Radio sound.
The station was aimed at 25- to 45-year-olds, who perhaps grew up with Radio 1, but now wanted to be intelligently informed about the city in which they live, and the world in general.
The music mix was best described as Adult album alternative, though indie bands such as The Wonder Stuff were also played.
Chris Evans took on a variety of roles on GLR, often presenting a weekend show, ending in 1993 as his media career took off.
Danny Baker has had a long association with the station, presenting Weekend Breakfast from 1989 to 1990 and then returned to present a Sunday morning show from 1996 to 1998.
Janice Long presented the Breakfast show on the station from 1989 to 1991, and Kevin Greening started as a producer in 1989, before becoming a presenter of the Breakfast show with Jeremy Nicholas in 1991.
In 1989 GLR set up a youth-based radio training facility at Vauxhall College, SW8, which was followed with a second course based at White City, W12.
One unique aspect of GLR was the ability to access directly Scotland Yard's network of traffic cameras across London's busiest streets.
Three years into the newly relaunched station the station was given an additional three years to prove itself to its audience by senior BBC management or close for good: this threat was also applied to its other metropolitan BBC Local Radio stations BBC WM in Birmingham and Manchester's BBC GMR.
In 1993 GLR was forced to relinquish its 1458 kHz medium wave frequency, for a new commercial radio station which was eventually won by Sunrise Radio.
Steve Panton, formerly Managing Editor of BBC Radio Solent, took over and GLR limped on with a small listener base, but its music policy gained a cult following, particularly among its younger adult listeners.
One of its noted DJs on-air at the time was Gary Crowley, who had a weekend show which regularly showcased new and unsigned bands, often not getting much airplay on commercial radio stations, and to a lesser extent, Radio 1.
In 1999, following a consultation exercise on local broadcasting in the South East, the BBC decided to rebrand GLR and substantially change the programming.
In particular those opposed to the changes argued that the BBC never organised a public meeting in London as part of the consultation exercise and, when one was organised by supporters of the station, no one involved in the consultation exercise attended.
Although the campaign was unsuccessful in saving GLR, and the rebranding went ahead the next year, it demonstrated the existence of a loyal audience for its format.
GLR's music format, and several of its presenters, returned to the BBC with the launch of the national digital station BBC Radio 6 Music in 2002.
Facing even more public criticism over GLR's position in the London radio market and its very low listening reach, the station was relaunched on 25 March 2000 as BBC London Live 94.9 in a blaze of publicity.
Promising even more speech and less music, London Live — originally the title for GLR's lunch-time news show (presented by Charles Carroll, now on BBC Radio 2) — was launched with new on-air personalities and new shows, including a speech-heavy breakfast show and a mid-morning phone-in and debate.
The re-launch at the time was promoted by huge billboards and television spots on BBC Newsroom South East depicting London's famous landmarks as radio paraphernalia (a woman seen raising Big Ben as a radio aerial, for example).
Leading the relaunch was Station Director David Robey, who hired such personalities as Lisa I'Anson, Vanessa Feltz, Tom Watt and various black presenters including Eddie Nestor and Dotun Adebayo.
Specialist programmes for the Black community emerged at the weekends along with sports coverage and alternative music shows in the evening.
BBC London also saw the return of Tony Blackburn on Saturdays, more than 20 years since he first appeared on the station.
Additional coverage for football was made possible through a combination of its DAB Digital Radio platform, on Sky channel 0152 and on a BBC Essex transmitter 765 kHz medium wave (for West Ham commentaries).
BBC London 94.9 was the first BBC Local Radio to air a 24-hour live-stream online, which coincided with the 2001 re-launch.
It also aired on DAB Digital Radio in July 2000 and on Sky (channel 0152) in 2005 in the London area but it can be accessed within the UK and Ireland by manual tuning.
RAJAR data, the audience measurement system in the UK, showed that BBC London 94.9 audience reach for the second quarter in 2014 was 572,000, which is its largest since the station rebranded as BBC London 94.9..
It was determined to contain the bones of at least seven individuals, including an adult measuring about , four juveniles and a hatchling about long.
Examination of the fossils are ongoing after a decade of excavation, but if Kirkland is correct, it may be one of the best preserved predator traps ever discovered.
More concrete answers may yet come to light once crowdfunding efforts to employ professional excavator, Utahraptor Project leader Scott Madsen, are completed.
2009) is estimated to have reached up to long and somewhat less than in weight, comparable to a polar bear in size.
In 2016 Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier Larramendi estimated the largest specimen (BYU 15465) at 4.65 m (15.2 f) long, tall at the hips and .
For instance, some elements were wrongly referred to the genus; the lacrimal bone of the specimen CEU 184v.83 turned out to be a postorbital from the ankylosaur Gastonia.
also suggested that the previously identified manual unguals of the specimens CEU 184v.294, BYU 9438 and BYU 13068 are indeed pedal unguals.
Like other dromaeosaurine dromaeosaurids, it may have also relied heavily on its jaws to dispatch prey—more so than other types of dromaeosaurids, such as velociraptorines.
Sames and Schudack 2010 proposed a reassignment of the estimated age, compromising Berriasian to Valanginian stages, however, this interpretation wasn't followed by most authors.
The deposition occurred between 139 ± 1.3 million to 134.6 ± 1.7 million years ago, or, Berriasian to Late Valanginian stages.
This is supported by the presence of charred spores and other carbonized plant debris in the pollen maceral that indicate the occurrence of ancient wildfires ignited during periods of low precipitation.
Written by paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, it was positively regarded by mainstream reviewers, though updates to the science have rendered some of the story line facts presented untrue and the paleontology community was critical of fossil record inaccuracies.
The practice of dual heads of government (diarchy) is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome.
The establishment of the regency took place during the first half of the 13th century, when they had the role of managing justice, a task similar to competence of magistrates.
The first two known consuls were elected on 12 December 1243 by the Grand and General Council with a six-month term which is still used today.
One usually belonged to the upper class, to guarantee the possession of skills necessary to govern the Republic with competence, and one to the working class.
On 1 April 2017, for the first time two women, Vanessa D'Ambrosio and Mimma Zavoli, concurrently occupied the posts of captains regent, until their term ended on 1 October 2017.
As of 1 October 2019, after electing its 17th female captain regent, San Marino is the country with most female heads of state in the world (however, many other countries have had a female head of state for longer than the combined 8 years of these 17 captains regent).
The captains regent are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, and they usually belong to opposite parties to grant a minimal amount of balance and an equal supervision.
The pair is elected if it achieves an absolute majority; there is a second ballot if no pair gets enough votes.
The captains regent are the Head of state, a function which they carry out as a single body, with a reciprocal right of veto.
The captains regent are impartial and their power is mainly symbolic, as their main duty is to represent the country and to guarantee the constitutional order.
They supervise the Grand and General Council, the Congress of State, and the Council of XII but without any right to vote or to decide.
The captains regent also have the power to promulgate and order the publication of the laws approved by the Grand and General Council.
The captains regent cannot be prosecuted in any way during their mandate, at the end of which they are subject to the Regency Syndicate.
This judgement, established by the Statues in 1499, is now fulfilled by the Guarantors’ Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules, following the revision of the Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights.
Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a complex mixture of plant-derived triglycerides that have been reacted to contain atoms of the element bromine bonded to the molecules.
Brominated vegetable oil has been used by the soft drink industry since 1931, generally at a level of about 8 ppm.
Careful control of the type of oil used allows bromination of it to produce BVO with a specific density of 1.33 g/mL, which is noticeably greater than that of water (1 g/mL).
As a result, it can be mixed with less-dense flavoring agents such as citrus flavor oil to produce a resulting oil, the density of which matches that of water or other products.
Alternative food additives used for the same purpose include sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB, E444) and glycerol ester of wood rosin (ester gum, E445).
In the United States, BVO was designated in 1958 as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), but this was withdrawn by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1970.
The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations currently imposes restrictions on the use of BVO as a food additive in the United States, limiting the concentration to 15 ppm, limiting the amount of free fatty acids to 2.5 percent, and limiting the iodine value to 16.
BVO is one of four substances that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has defined as interim food additives; the other three are acrylonitrile copolymers, mannitol, and saccharin.
An online petition at Change.org asking PepsiCo to stop adding BVO to Gatorade and other products collected over 200,000 signatures by January 2013.
The petition pointed out that since Gatorade is sold in countries where BVO is not approved, there is already an existing formulation without this ingredient.
PepsiCo announced in January 2013, that it would no longer use BVO in Gatorade, and announced May 5, 2014, that it would discontinue use in all of its drinks, including Mountain Dew.
In the EU, beverage companies commonly use glycerol ester of wood rosin or locust bean gum as an alternative to BVO.
One case reported that a man who consumed two to four liters of a soda containing BVO on a daily basis experienced memory loss, tremors, fatigue, loss of muscle coordination, headache, and ptosis of the right eyelid, as well as elevated serum chloride.
Rather, cell mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to antigen.
Historically, the immune system was separated into two branches: humoral immunity, for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor (cell-free bodily fluid or serum) and cellular immunity, for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells.
Naive T cells, mature T cells that have yet to encounter an antigen, are converted into activated effector T cells after encountering antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
These APCs, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells in some circumstances, load antigenic peptides onto the MHC of the cell, in turn presenting the peptide to receptors on T cells.
Activated Effector T cells can be placed into three functioning classes, detecting peptide antigens originating from various types of pathogen: The first class being 1) Cytotoxic T cells, which kill infected target cells by apoptosis without using cytokines, 2) TH1 cells, which primarily function to activate macrophages, and 3) TH2 cells, which primarily function to stimulate B cells into producing antibodies.
Josiah Strong was one of the founders of the Social Gospel movement that sought to apply Protestant religious principles to solve the social ills brought on by industrialization, urbanization and immigration.
Strong, like most other leaders of the Social Gospel movement, added strong evangelical roots, including a belief in sin and redemption.
Strong, like Walter Rauschenbusch and George D. Herron had an intense conversion experience and believed that regeneration was necessary to bring social justice by combating social sin.
When the work appeared, Protestants had long been accustomed to meeting the sorts of perils that Strong saw threatening the country's survival, Christianization, and world greatness.
It was a tradition that helped ensure the end of slavery in defense of the Union during the Civil War, while also predisposing many northern Protestants to look past, if not entirely forget, the ex-slaves following the war.
Conservative Protestants, by contrast, argued that missionaries should spend their time preaching the Gospel; they allowed for charitable activity, but argued that it did not actually save souls.
The large increase in immigration during this period led him to conclude that the perils he outlined in the first edition had only grown.
Nearly all of the civil liberty of the world is enjoyed by Anglo-Saxons: the English, the British colonists, and the people of the United States.
Revealed in March 2003, it was released across Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox and Microsoft Windows in November 2003.
During the attack, the Prince obtains an artifact called the Dagger of Time, while his army captures an hourglass containing the Sands of Time.
Visiting Azad to present the Sands as a gift to the city's ruler, the Vizier tricks the Prince into releasing the Sands, transforming the city's population into savage monsters.
A key mechanic in the game is using the Dagger to rewind time if the Prince makes a mistake platforming, and using it to kill and freeze enemies.
After the initial story draft was scrapped as it was too complex, the team began with four guiding concepts, including the ability to rewind time: this idea grew into the Dagger, the Sands, and the various powers related to them.
Production was troubled, with the team facing problems with the engine structure and delays with environment assets, while also managing to create an effective tester network to seek out the game's bugs.
Upon release, it received critical acclaim, was nominated for, and won numerous awards and has been recognized by many as one of the greatest video games of all time.
The Prince can be moved in all directions, and he is able to manipulate large objects such as blocks and levers connected to mechanisms.
During several points in the game, the Prince is assisted by his companion Farah, who fires a bow at enemies, though her arrows can also hit the Prince if he strays into her line of fire.
During exploration, the Prince navigates areas filled with traps: these traps include spike pits, arrow traps, wall-mounted blades and saws, and spinning spiked stakes.
The Prince's main contextual move is wall-running, an action where he runs up onto and along a wall for a set distance, either to land on or jump off to a platform.
The Prince's other acrobatic abilities include climbing along and across ledges, walking along beams, swinging on and jumping from poles, jumping onto and between pillars, and swinging on ropes.
A single command contextually triggered different moves depending on position and directional movement, while other special moves such as a somersault attack and bouncing off walls into enemies require additional commands.
The Sands the Prince collects from enemies and the environment are tied to his magical abilities, themselves connected with the Dagger.
The most basic power is Rewind, the ability for the Prince to rewind time by up to ten seconds if he makes a mistake in platforming or dies.
In combat, the Prince can also slow time immediately around him, freeze time for a single enemy, and freeze time completely so the Prince can attack his enemies at great speed while they are unable to move.
Each use of power uses up one Sand Tank, and when empty, all powers become inaccessible until more Sand is collected.
Starting out with a small amount of Sand available to him, its capacity can be increased by collecting Sand from enemies, along with Sand Clouds scattered around the palace.
The Rewind ability is still present to save the Prince's life, and is also involved in solving some puzzles and fighting bosses.
Farah is featured as a second playable character in some sections, with switching between the two being key to some puzzles.
The story is set in Persia during the 9th century AD, and begins with the Prince narrating to an unseen listener about his adventures.
The Vizier of a local Maharaja, wanting to prevent his death using a substance known as the Sands of Time, entices them into attacking the Maharaja's palace, where the Sands are stored.
During the fight, the Prince loots an artifact called the Dagger of Time, and the Maharaja's daughter Farah is taken as a gift for the Sultan of Azad.
Visiting Azad, the Vizier tricks the Prince into releasing the Sands, turning everyone but the Prince, the Vizier and Farah (protected by the Dagger, a staff and a medallion respectively) into monsters.
The Vizier attempts to seize the Dagger from the Prince, but he escapes and eventually allies with Farah to undo the damage he has caused and prevent the Sands from covering the world, even though he has doubts about her loyalties and motives.
After navigating the palace of Azad and reaching the hourglass of the Sands in the Tower of Dawn, the Prince hesitates when following Farah's instructions on containing the Sands, unsure of whether to trust her.
He follows her and only just manages to catch her as she is driven over a ledge above the hourglass by monsters.
Time rewinds to before the attack on the Maharaja's palace, and the Prince, still in possession of the Dagger and his memories, runs ahead to warn Farah of the Vizier's treachery.
It is now revealed that the Prince has been recounting his tale to Farah, and as he finishes, the Vizier enters to kill him.
After some mock assets had been created, Ubisoft asked Mechner to come and help develop the game, showing them their concepts and the assets as AVIs.
The game's title was thought up by the production team, but the original story built around the title proved impossible to work.
The original draft had nine characters (including the Prince, two love interests, two villains, and two helper characters) representing different political factions, and the setting of the Prince's own palace home instead of in another kingdom.
The Rewind mechanic began as a gameplay wish for the title, surviving the initial rewrite of the story and becoming key to both story and gameplay.
The initial concept was simply using the Dagger to rewind time and dispatch enemies, but its powers were gradually expanded into its current roster.
Elements such as using ladders as part of combat, and riding on a magic carpet or a horse were axed early in development.
Each time a new movement or ability was created for the Prince, it required adjustments to multiple other systems, as leaving them alone would have damaged the game.
They also needed to make adjustments to the enemy and partner artificial intelligence, and they did not have time to polish those systems.
Art director Raphael Lacoste did not join the team until July 2002, well into the game's production, resulting in multiple delays in creating the game's environments.
This issue was compounded by the need to produce a demo for the 2003 Electronic Entertainment Expo, then to deliver an entire game at the same if not a higher quality than the demo.
Each environment needed to work for the Prince's set of movements and abilities: the work needed involved checking each rewind sequence, and each of the Prince's movement in and effect on the environment worked.
In hindsight, producer Yannis Mallat lamented the fact that they did not have enough time to work out the problems caused by these issues.
A cited example was the team discovering a tester that was good at finding severe bugs, so they included her in one of their testing groups, giving her a development kit she could use to sort out those bugs.
Another element that needed to be cut after the demo was a griffin boss that would appear three times during the Prince's journey.
Using this as a base, they were able to focus on rapid integration of new elements into the game, and were also able to do quick testing and adjustments.
The way the engine was structured, with all assets in a single accessible folder, proved problematic when alterations needed to be made or new features added, as the team size meant too many people were accessing the engine and were causing data to be overwritten, files to be corrupted, and the whole system to crash.
Instead, they set up a file server to manage check-in times, which could allow for management of access and prioritisation of critical work.
The main scenario was based around second chances, while an unstated anti-war theme was also included by Mechner and showcased in the game's opening level.
Mechner created the Dagger of Time as a combined gameplay and narrative device within the four core concepts created by the team.
Mechner's main preoccupation for this new storyline was keeping the narrative simple and engaging, using his preferred writing style of keeping cutscenes short and working as much of the story as possible into the gameplay.
The three main characters he created were the hero (the Prince), the villain (the Vizier) and the love interest and sidekick (Farah).
Two non-playable authority figures (the Prince's father Shahraman and the Sultan of Azad) were included to add weight to the Prince's burden as they were transformed into monsters by the Sands.
The three artefacts each character used (the Dagger, Farah's medallion and the Vizier's staff) were created to explain their survival of the Sands' release, with the Dagger also becoming integral to gameplay.
It needed to be written to work on two levels: first to be understandable for first-time players, and to gain greater significance upon future playthroughs.
The narration also served to give gentle hints to the player, and expand upon the setting and add depth to the experience.
As part of the character interaction, Farah was deliberately designed not to be a perfect archer, sometimes hitting the Prince if he strayed into her line of fire.
Chatwood was chosen for the role as Ubisoft wanted music that had Persian elements in it to fit the setting, while not being pure Persian music.
For the sound effects, the team worked with sound company Dane Tracks to create most of the game's sound effects, with the rest being done by Ubisoft Montreal.
One of the unconventional choices made by the team was not to halt gameplay during in-game dialogue, meaning players could miss large portions of character interaction.
To help with voice recording, the recording team created a graph to help the actors playing the Prince and Farah time their exchanges correctly.
Aside from some exceptions which played in sequence, all comments made by Farah when the Prince did a specific thing were stand-alone responses.
The game was published in the region by Sony Computer Entertainment Japan, who were impressed by both the quality and the praise it earned in the west.
Europe accounted for 1.1 million sales by February 2004; worldwide sales rose to 2.4 million units by the end of March.
During its North American debut, the game suffered from poor sales: by December, the PS2 version had sold 218,000 copies, the Xbox version 128,000 copies, and the GameCube version 85,000 copies.
By July 2006, the game's PlayStation 2 version alone had sold 700,000 copies in North America, bringing an estimated revenue of $24 million.
The Game Boy Advance version garnered lower scores than the console and PC versions due to its scaled-down gameplay and presentation, but was still generally praised as a competent port of the game.
Reviewing the mobile version, IGN reviewer Levi Buchanan was impressed by the company's adaptation of the console game's basic actions and atmosphere, giving it a score of 9.5 out of 10.
1UP reviewer Corey Padnos was pleased with the Prince's acrobatic performance and the game's general performance, while lamenting the lack of the time-based mechanics of the main games and the lack of plot.
Aspects of its design, such as the relationship between the Prince and Farah, later provided inspiration for the 2008 series reboot.
Its critical and financial success led Ubisoft to request Ubisoft Montreal to develop a sequel, aiming for the next console generation.
Wolfenden started out at Oldham Athletic, his hometown club, before moving to Wales to play for Wrexham in the summer of 2009.
As a child, Wolfenden attended his hometown school and one of the best schools in the area, the Blue Coat School in Oldham.
His first senior goal for the club came nearly four years later when he scored in the second leg of a play-off semi-final defeat to Blackpool on 19 May 2007.
Following his release, Wolfenden signed for Football Conference side Wrexham, after impressing in pre-season friendlies against Preston North End and Carlton Town.
He made his debut for the club on 8 August 2009 in a 3–0 win over Eastbourne Borough on the opening day of the 2009–10 season.
At the height of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and 90s, the couple helped lead ACT-UP activists in a fight with the City of Montreal to create a permanent memorial to Quebecers who died of AIDS.
After several years trying to stop the grassroots efforts to create the memorial, city officials abandoned their fight in September 1994 and the 'Parc de l'Espoir' was built in the heart of Montreal's gay village.
The couple is also known for their advocacy of marriage equality in Canada and became the first same-sex couple to be legally married in Quebec.
In October 2019, at the age of 80, Hendricks found himself at the centre of a new battle with the City of Montreal for the Parc de l'Espoir.
Without consulting the gay community or HIV/AIDS service organizations, the city's Ville-Marie borough sent a Notice to Residents announcing it had developed plans to demolish the AIDS memorial and rebuild it with an entirely new design.
Hendricks and Leboeuf mobilized the community to attend the borough's Dec. 4 public meeting where officials were told repeatedly that they did not have their approval to make any changes to Parc de l'Espoir.
Hendricks, originally from New Jersey, came to Canada as a draft evader during the Vietnam War; he met Leboeuf, a native of Quebec City, at a New Year's party in the 1970s.
On December 7 of that year, the Quebec government announced its intention to bring in legislation to create civil unions to which same-sex couples would have access and which would afford a status equivalent to that of marriage.
It declared that the laws preventing same-sex marriage would become inoperative in Quebec in two years' time, constraining the federal government to act within that time.
Although the federal government announced that it would appeal the decision and other legal decisions regarding same-sex marriage, those appeals were later dropped on the recommendation of the House of Commons Justice Committee, which had held travelling hearings on same-sex marriage.
On January 26, 2004, Hendricks and Leboeuf appealed against the decision of the court in their case, specifically the delay of two years, in view of the rulings that had implemented same-sex marriage immediately in Ontario and British Columbia during the summer of 2003.
On March 19, the Quebec Court of Appeal struck down the delay and ruled that same-sex marriage licences be issued immediately.
The usual 20-day waiting period required between the issuance of a licence and the wedding was waived, and the couple were wed at the Palais de justice de Montréal on April 1, 2004, exactly three years after the first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands.
The local loopback mechanism may be used to run a network service on a host without requiring a physical network interface, or without making the service accessible from the networks the computer may be connected to.
However they can be used to set up multiple server applications on the host, all listening on the same port number.
The name may also be resolved by Domain Name System (DNS) servers, but queries for this name should be resolved locally, and should not be forwarded to remote name servers.
The IPv4 loopback addresses are reserved within the IPv4 address space by the IETF Special Use IPv4 Addresses standard (RFC 5735).
In contrast, the IETF IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture standard (RFC 4291) reserves the single IPv6 loopback address within the IPv6 address space.
The standard precludes the assignment of that address to any physical interface, as well as its use as the source or destination address in any packet sent to remote hosts.
Any such packet that is erroneously transmitted is not supposed to be routed, and should be dropped by all routers or hosts that receive it.
Such packets are never passed to any network interface controller (NIC) or hardware device driver and must not appear outside of a computing system, or be routed by any router.
Looped-back packets are distinguished from any other packets traversing the TCP/IP stack only by the special IP address they were addressed to.
For example, an HTTP service could route packets addressed to and to different Web servers, or to a single server that returns different web pages.
As with any other bogus packets, they may be malicious and any problems they might cause can be avoided by applying bogon filtering.
One notable exception to the use of the addresses is their use in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traceroute error detection, in which their property of not being routable provides a convenient means to avoid delivery of faulty packets to end users.
This is more efficient than the more traditional scheme of storing return addressed on a call stack, sometimes called a machine stack.
The link register does not require the writes and reads of the memory containing the stack which can save a considerable percentage of execution time with repeated calls of small subroutines.
The usage of a link register (or a general-purpose register, as is done in some other instruction set architectures) allows for faster calls to leaf subroutines.
When the subroutine is non-leaf, passing the return address in a register can still result in generation of more efficient code for thunks, e.g.
Other subroutines can benefit from the use of link register because it can be saved in a batch with other callee-used registers—e.g.
Antoni Pitxot (; Figueres, Girona, January 5, 1934 – June 12, 2015) was a Spanish Catalan painter and a longtime friend and collaborator of Salvador Dalí.
He began studying drawing at the age of thirteen, and he exhibited regularly in Lisbon, Bilbao, Barcelona, and Madrid in his twenties and thirties, winning many prizes, including the Gold Medal painting prize in Barcelona's La Punyalada competition in 1965.
At the beginning of the 1960s, he was a close friend of the French painter Maurice Boitel, who painted many pictures on the Pitxot family's property in Cadaqués, a small port town on the Mediterranean Sea near the French border, that was also painted by Pablo Picasso and André Derain.
In 1966, Pitxot took up permanent residence in Cadaqués, where his family had owned a summer house since the end of the 19th century.
He began to experiment with surrealism: in particular, he became focused on anthropomorphic figures composed of the stones that lined the seashores near his home.
Much of Pixtot's work is concerned with allegory and myth, including the figure of Mnemosyne, the mother of the nine muses who personified memory, and a series of works about The Tempest.
Pitxot and Dalí were nearly inseparable in the last years of Dalí's life: designing Dalí's museum, teaching art and exchanging ideas about their work.
Pitxot was a protector of Dalí's legacy after his death: He was a member of the board of the Gala Salvador Dalí Foundation, and he has led, and sat on the board, of several other Dalí foundations.
In the year 2000, he was appointed corresponding academician for Cadaqués of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Saint George.
In the 2004, he received the Gold Medal of Merit in Fine Arts from the King of Spain as a recognition for his work.
In sensory transduction, the afferent nerves transmit through a series of synapses in the central nervous system, first in the spinal cord or trigeminal nucleus, depending on the dermatomic area concerned.
Prime Cut is a 1972 American film produced by Joe Wizan and directed by Michael Ritchie, with a screenplay written by Robert Dillon.
The film stars Lee Marvin as a mob enforcer from the Chicago Irish Mob sent to Kansas to collect a debt from a meatpacker boss played by Gene Hackman.
It co-stars Sissy Spacek, in her first credited on-screen role as a young orphan being sold into prostitution, and Angel Tompkins.
The film was considered highly risqué for its time based on its violence and the hint of a homosexual relationship between two brothers.
It is also noted for its depiction of the beef slaughtering process and for a chase scene involving a combine harvester in an open field.
A wristwatch and a shoe appear on a conveyor line, making it clear that a human cadaver is processed among the cattle.
The particular sausages that Weenie was wrapping were made from the remains of an enforcer from the Chicago Irish Mob sent to Kansas City to collect $500,000 from Mary Ann.
After the head of the Irish Mob in Chicago receives the package, he contacts Nick Devlin, an enforcer with whom he has worked previously, to go to Kansas City to collect the debt.
He tells Devlin about the sausages and that another enforcer sent to Kansas City was found floating in the Missouri River.
He gets a driver and three other younger members of the Irish Mob as help, including the young O'Brien, who makes Devlin meet his mother as he leaves Chicago.
It is later revealed that Devlin and Mary Ann have a shared history involving Mary Ann's wife Clarabelle, who previously had an affair with Devlin.
The next day, Devlin and his men drive to the prairie and find Mary Ann in a barn, where he is entertaining guests at a white slave (prostitute) auction.
Devlin demands the money from Mary Ann, who tells him to come to the county fair the next day to get it.
As they are standing by a cattle pen with naked young women offered for auction, one of them, Poppy, begs Devlin for help.
Back at the hotel, she tells Devlin her history of growing up at an orphanage in Missouri with her close friend, Violet, before they were brought to the slave auction.
At the county fair, in the midst of a livestock judging competition, Mary Ann gives Devlin a box that supposedly contains the money.
Devlin and Poppy are saved by the arrival of Devlin's men in their car, which they abandon and let ram into the front of the combine.
When he returns to Weenie's hotel to look for him, he finds that Violet has been gang-raped, apparently as a warning of what will happen to Poppy.
They approach the farm through the field and engage in a long gun battle with Mary Ann's men, a seemingly infinite number of identical men wearing bib overalls.
Unable to get past Mary Ann's men, he stops a truck hauling livestock, commandeers it and uses it to ram the gate and smash into the greenhouse on the farm, demolishing it.
Devlin kills several of Mary Ann's men, then advances into the barn where Mary Ann and his brother are holding Poppy.
From behind an apparently bulletproof bale of hay, he hits Mary Ann, who falls seriously injured down into a pig pen.
In the final scene, Devlin and Poppy go back to the Missouri orphanage and demand the release of the rest of the girls.
After a season of playing friendlies and cup matches, they were renamed Mossley Juniors in 1904 and joined the Stalybridge & District League.
In their first competitive league match the club lost 9–1 to Dunham Villa, but they recovered to beat Mossley Volunteers 2–1 the following week.
The club transferred to the Ashton, Dunkinfield & District League in 1907, and then the Oldham & District League in 1907 and the West End Amateur League in 1908.
They finished joint top of the table in 1909–10 before losing a championship play-off match 3–2 to Ashton St Peter's reserves.
They won the league in 1911–12 and were runners-up in the next two seasons, also winning the Lady Aitken League Cup in 1913–14, beating Droylsden in a second replay.
The club was resurrected again in December 1918 and joined the Manchester Section of the Lancashire Combination for the truncated 1919 season, going on to finish as runners-up.
Later in 1919 Mossley were founder members of the Cheshire County League, finishing as runners-up in the league and losing the League Cup final in the 1919–20 season.
In 1960–61 the club won the League Cup and the Manchester Intermediate Cup, winning the latter trophy again in 1966–67 and 1967–68.
They reached the first round of the FA Cup again in 1969–70, losing 1–0 to Stockport County in a replay, before going on to finish as runners-up in the league.
The club were subsequently invited to play in a Non League Champion of Champions Cup match at the start of the following season, but were beaten by Southern League champions Worcester City over two legs.
They also reached the FA Cup first round again, losing 5–2 to York City, as well as reaching the final of the FA Trophy, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Dagenham at Wembley Stadium.
The club defeated Football League opposition in the FA Cup for the first time the following season, beating Crewe Alexandra 1–0 before losing 3–1 at home to Mansfield Town in the second round.
They went on to finish as runners-up in the league, which they repeated in each of the next two seasons, as well as making further FA Cup first round appearances which ended in defeat by Stockport and Huddersfield Town.
Although the club reached the FA Cup first round again in 1983–84 (losing to 5–0 Darlington), they also finished bottom of the Northern Premier League, marking the end of their period of success.
They won the League Cup and the Manchester Premier Cup in 1988–89, before winning the league's Challenge Shield in 1989–90 and the Manchester Premier Cup in 1990–91.
However, the club were relegated to Division One at the end of the 1992–93 season, and then finished bottom of Division One in 1994–95, resulting in relegation to Division One of the North West Counties League (which had been formed by merger of the Cheshire County League and the Lancashire Combination in 1982).
They were Division One runners-up in 1998–99 and won the League Cup in 2002–03, before finishing as runners-up in Division One again the following season, earning promotion back to Division One of the Northern Premier League.
However, they were relegated at the end of the following season, at which point the club were placed in Division One North.
The club won the Manchester Premier Cup in 2011–12, and retained it the following season, which also saw the club finish fifth in the league, qualifying for the promotion play-offs.
In 1912 they moved to Seel Fold, which had previously been used as a rubbish tip and then a cricket field, using the adjacent Highland Laddie Hotel as their headquarters.
The opening match was played on 23 September, a 4–0 win for Mossley against Stalybridge St Peters in the Ashton & District League.
The stand was expanded to a capacity of 1,000 in 1927, with the ground becoming known as Seel Park in 1931.
A new stand was built at the Mossley Park end in 1932 and a 300-seat stand erected on the Market Street side of the pitch four years later.
The club's record attendance of 6,640 was set in 1946 for a Cheshire County League match against local rivals Stalybridge Celtic.
The Popular Side stand was demolished in 1969 and replaced in 1971 when the club sold Gary Pierce to Huddersfield Town.
In 1987 the main stand had to be demolished due to storm damage, and was replaced with a 220-seat stand which was named for club president James Anderson.
Hendricks is an adjunct professor of clinical psychopharmacology and has taught at Argosy University, Howard University, and Catholic University of America.
He later found that while the majority of social scientists worked in academia, he preferred clinical work under the Boulder model.
He is a clinician and researcher and has investigated depression, suicide, substance abuse, compulsive behaviors, HIV, and gender diversity issues at the National Cancer Institute, Georgetown University Medical Center, and Virginia Commonwealth University.
Hendricks is a representative and past president of Division 44, which is the APA's Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues.
Hendricks is a member of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, American Psychology-Law Society, and the American Association of Suicidology.
There are conflicting reports on the location of his birth, with some sources saying he was born in the Province of Virginia, and others saying Hamilton County, Ohio (which did not exist until 1790); the identity of his parents are unknown.
He prepared for the ministry, and was pastor of the Baptist Church at Columbia, Miami Purchase, Northwest Territory, during the 1790s which some sources credit as the first Baptist Church in modern Ohio..
In 1799 Smith along with his agent Reuben Kemper were the first US based merchants to ship to Baton Rouge, taking nearly $10,000 worth of goods, primarily fine clothing and house furnishings.
He was a member of the Northwest Territorial legislature 1799–1803 and a delegate to the Ohio state constitutional convention in 1802.
Upon the admission of Ohio as a State into the Union, he was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States Senate and served in the 8th, 9th and 10th Congresses (1803–1808).
While in the Senate, Smith continued his profitable trading ventures in Louisiana and West Florida and pursued numerous land investment schemes.
Although Smith claimed he had no interest in Burr's plot to force secession of Spanish territories, he agreed to provide supplies for the proposed expedition.
When President Thomas Jefferson later issued an alert, charging that Burr's actual purpose was an invasion of Mexico, Smith responded patriotically by financing weapons to defend against the Burr expedition and delivering those weapons to New Orleans.
These travels caused him to miss weeks of Senate sessions and led the Ohio legislature to charge him with dereliction of duty and to demand his resignation.
Although Smith ignored that demand, he found his troubles increasing as a court in Richmond, Virginia, indicted him in mid-1807 for participating in Burr's conspiracy.
As he traveled to Richmond, he learned that the charges against him were dropped after the court acquitted Burr on a technicality.
But on December 31, 1807, a Senate committee chaired by John Quincy Adams recommended that Smith be expelled from the Senate.
Smith was defended by Francis Scott Key and Robert Goodloe Harper, who argued that Smith may have been naive, but was not a traitor.
Smith had enjoyed a close friendship with President Thomas Jefferson early in his Senate career, though that relationship was ruined, along with Smith's political career, by his implication in the Burr treason.
The station began broadcasting at the Merrion Centre at 5.30pm on 24 June 1968, becoming the 7th station to go on air.
Initially a two-year experiment and co-funded by Leeds City Council, the station was only available in Leeds on a low powered 50 watt VHF transmitter in Meanwood Park, on 94.6 MHz.
In 1974 BBC Radio Leeds, along with BBC Look North, moved to new studios in Woodhouse Lane, where it remained for thirty years until the studio was demolished in 2004.
Until the mid 1980s the station was generally on air from breakfast until teatime, with any programming after 6pm devoted to specialist music and magazines aimed at specialist interests and at ethnic minority communities.
In August 1986, evening programmes began on a permanent basis when the station joined with the other three BBC stations in Yorkshire to provide an early evening service of specialist music programmes on weeknights from 6pm to 7:30pm, extending a year later to six days a week (Wednesday to Monday) between 7pm and 9pm with Tuesdays reserved for local sports coverage.
May 1989 saw the launch of BBC Night Network which saw the BBC Local Radio stations in the North of England broadcasting networked programming every evening from 6:05pm (6pm at the weekend) and midnight, extending to 12:30am in the early 1990s, and to 1am by the end of that decade.
In 2012, the station shut down its offices and studios at the National Media Museum in Bradford, where the public was able to see programmes being broadcast.
Radio Leeds also operated district newsrooms and contribution studios in Wakefield Town Hall, at Dean Clough in Halifax and at Huddersfield Town Hall.
Four years later, the station reinstated an office and studio in Bradford, located in the Horton building at The University of Bradford.
BBC Radio Leeds was the home of BBC Local Radio’s networked evening show which was broadcast from the start of 2013 until local weeknight evening programming was reintroduced in autumn 2018.
Radio Leeds is also carried on the Wharfedale and Luddenden relay transmitters on 95.3 MHz, from Keighley on 102.7 and from Beecroft Hill (West Leeds) on 103.9 MHz to fill in areas which are screened from Holme Moss by the topology of the area.
Since 2001, BBC Radio Leeds has also been carried on the Bauer Leeds DAB multiplex, and since October 2002, on the Bradford & Huddersfield Multiplex.
Live streaming is available from the station's website and in 2015 the station began broadcasting throughout the BBC Yorkshire area on Freeview Channel 719.
The majority of the station's programming is produced and broadcast from Leeds, the station's local presenters include Richard Stead (weekday breakfast), Stephanie Hirst (weekday mornings), Liz Green (weekday afternoons) and Gayle Lofthouse (weekday drivetime).
During the station's overnight downtime, BBC Radio Leeds simulcasts BBC Radio 5 Live (weekdays from 1am to 5am and weekends from 1am to 6am).
BBC Radio Leeds broadcasts commentaries on many Football and Rugby league games involving Leeds United, Huddersfield Town, Bradford City, and a number of Rugby League teams including Leeds Rhinos, Bradford Bulls, Huddersfield Giants, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and Castleford Tigers.
BBC Radio Leeds is the only station in West Yorkshire that covers all home and away live match commentaries on Leeds United, Huddersfield Town and Bradford City.
Moss Side is an inner-city area of Manchester, England, south of the city centre, It had a population of 18,902 at the 2011 census.
Moss Side is bounded by Hulme to the north, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Rusholme and Fallowfield to the east, Whalley Range to the south, and Old Trafford to the west.
Historically part of Lancashire, Moss Side was a rural township and chapelry within the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford.
Thought to be named after a great moss which stretched from Rusholme to Chorlton-cum-Hardy, the earliest mention of the area is in 1533 when it contained part of the estates of Trafford.
The industrial growth of the area resulted in a densely populated area, so much so, that a part of the township of Moss Side was amalgamated into the expanding city of Manchester in 1885, with the rest joining in 1904.
Mass development in Moss Side occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when large numbers of red brick terraced houses were built, and soon attracted numerous Irish immigrants and other working people.
moved to a new stadium on Maine Road on 25 August 1923, having moved from Hyde Road, Ardwick; on its opening it was one of the most capacious sports stadiums in the United Kingdom, capable of holding up to 85,000 spectators.
During the Manchester Blitz in the Second World War many of the terraced houses were damaged by German bombing on the night of 22/23 December 1940.
Migrants from the Indian subcontinent and Caribbean settled in the locality during the 1950s and 1960s, and by the 1980s Moss Side was the hub of Manchester's Afro-Caribbean community.
During the 1960s and early 1970s, Manchester City Council demolished many of the Victorian and terraced houses to the west of Moss Side and replaced these with new council houses and flats.
Most of the newer properties, built around the turn of the 20th century, were refurbished instead of demolished during the final two decades of the century.
There were several high-profile shootings associated with gangs and drugs in this area during the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Aided by the work of Xcalibre, the Greater Manchester Police's task force, founded in 2004, and the multiagency Integrated Gang Management Unit, gang related shootings in the area have fallen by about 90% in recent years.
Drug abuse was described as one of the area's biggest problems, with gun crime rates being so high that there had recently been 400 armed incidents reported within a 12-month period.
Many of the flats in neighbouring Hulme were demolished in the early 1990s to make way for new low rise homes.
Housing on the Alexandra Park Estate in the west of Moss Side has been renovated and the streets redesigned to reduce the fear of crime.
Following boundary changes in 2018 a portion of the ward is a part of the Manchester Gorton constituency, represented by the Labour Party MP Afzal Khan.
Moss Side lies either side of the A5103 (Princess Road), the main road out of Manchester towards Northenden, Manchester Airport, the M56 motorway and Chester.
Parallel to this is Alexandra Road, which continues as Alexandra Road South past Alexandra Park (Alexandra Road was formerly one of two main shopping streets in Moss Side).
Landmarks on Princess Road are the Royal Brewery and the Princess Road Bus Depot, built originally for the tramways in 1909 and used by Stagecoach Manchester until 2010.
This includes mainly Victorian and Edwardian terraces to the east and centre, with more recent developments, primarily the Alexandra Park Estate, built in the 1970s to the west of Princess Road.
The Moss Side Sports and Leisure Complex (north of Moss Lane West) was upgraded for the 2002 Commonwealth Games and has a gym and a variety of other sporting facilities.
Moss Side has benefited from very substantial redevelopment and regeneration since the mid-1990s including improvement of the existing housing and residential environment along with several major housing projects currently in process or nearing completion.
A large site on Great Western Street has been developed by Moss Care Housing Ltd. to provide a mix of 2, 3 and 4-bedroom properties, with different tenures, some rental and others offered as shared ownership or for sale.
Maine Road site is in the process of redevelopment, marketed as Maine Place, primarily as 2, 3 and 4-bedroom houses but including a limited number of flats, for sale or shared ownership, with many homes completed and occupied, along with a primary school, now open, and a health centre planned.
The Bowes Street area, adjoining Princess Road, has been redeveloped, at the cost of £17 million, including the renovation or transformation, with some new build, of 155 properties in five streets.
Land adjacent to the development, formerly occupied by Bilsborrow primary school and the Stagecoach bus depot, both demolished as part of regeneration, remains vacant with no clear future use at present, though local community groups have short term plans to use the space for a gardening/food growing project.
The Royal Brewery brewed Kestrel, McEwan's and Harp Lager until recently but is now owned by Heineken for the production of Foster's Lager.
The brewery again merged with Websters brewery in 1985, was sold to Courage in 1990, before takeover by Heineken in 2008.
Prior to its expansion, part of the site of the Royal Brewery, where Moss Lane East meets Princess Road, was occupied by a library, fire station and police station.
Hydes Brewery on Moss Lane West was built in 1861, established by the Graetorix Brothers and originally known as the Queen's Brewery.
Established in 2010, the Moss Cider Project is a local community enterprise which takes donations of apples from trees in Moss Side and the surrounding area and makes them into cider and apple juice.
The northern England office of Aquatech Pressmain, which specialises in the 'supply of fluid pumping equipment to the Building Services, Process and Water Industries', is located in Moss Side.
In 2007, the Moss Side ward was estimated to have a total population of 17,537, of which 8,785 were male and 8,752 were female.
Moss Side is noted as an area with a greater population density and a faster population growth than other areas of the city of Manchester, with an increase of 17.4% between 2001 and 2007.
Other sources indicate an accompanying change in Moss Side's ethnic population, with an estimated marked percentage increase in the Afro-Caribbean, Indian, Somali, Chinese and Eastern European communities between 2007 and 2015.
A number of local community and voluntary groups provide social support, as well as cultural and leisure opportunities to each of these communities.
These organisations and institutions include The West Indian Sports and Social Club, the African and Caribbean Mental Health Service, and the African-Caribbean Care Group, which serve the Afro-Caribbean community.
The Reno and the Nile (upstairs from the Reno) were Manchester's most famous drinking clubs for the city's West Indian community and played a key role in the development of black culture in the city.
Moss Side is also home to a population with a keen interest in green politics and sustainable living, with initiatives such as the Moss Cider Project and Carbon Co-op.
Other groups, such as Bowes Street Residents Association have sought to 'green' the area through the use of 'alley gating' and planting in contained alleys.
With the aim of changing perceptions of the area, a group of local residents acting as 'community ambassadors' was also formed in January 2012.
The Millennium Powerhouse youth service caters for 8- to 25-year-olds and includes a music studio, fitness studio, dance studio, sports hall and offers information and advice to young people, including a library, along with recreational and sport groups.
In 2003, Ducie Central High School was replaced by the independently run Manchester Academy, with the aim of overcoming barriers to education and achievement faced by young people in the community.
In November 2009, it won the Academy Partnership Award, at the UK Education Business Awards, whilst, in July 2010, Academy pupils were named as national debating finalists at the Debate Mate competition at the House of Lords.
The area has five primary schools: Claremont Primary School, Devine Mercy RC Primary School, Holy Name RC Primary School, St Mary's CE Junior and Infant School and Webster Primary School.
The Windrush Millennium Centre on Alexandra Road provides facilities for courses of college and adult education, including some run by the City College Manchester and Manchester College of Arts and Technology.
The original St James's Church (Church of England), Princess Road, was built in 1887–88 (architect John Lowe): of red brick in the Perpendicular revival style.
Christ Church, Lloyd Street North, is an Anglican church of 1899–1904 by W. Cecil Hardisty and is a Grade II* listed building as of 24 April 1987.
There are two Roman Catholic churches, the Church of Divine Mercy, a Polish church founded in 1961, which is on Moss Lane East; and the Church of Our Lady (founded 1949).
The Polish church occupies a former Methodist chapel built about 1875 in the Neo-Gothic style and contains stained glass windows commemorating victims of the Holocaust.
On an adjacent site was the Church of the New Age (founded 1923) and there was also in Raby Street the Wesleyan Methodist Church.
However its capacity was gradually reduced over the years and by the mid-1990s it held just under 35,000 spectators all seated.
Maine Road has since been demolished and a mixed development of two-, three-, and four-bedroom houses, flats, and a primary school has been built on the site.
The ensemble cast includes Alec Newman as Paul Atreides, William Hurt as Duke Leto, and Saskia Reeves as Jessica, as well as James Watson, P. H. Moriarty, Robert Russell, Ian McNeice, and Giancarlo Giannini.
The miniseries introduces elements not found in Herbert's novel, but according to the director, these serve to elaborate rather than to edit.
Herbert's novel begins with lead character Paul Atreides being 15 years old and aging to 18 over the course of the story.
The miniseries invents an extensive subplot for Princess Irulan, a character who plays little part in the plot of the first novel.
Besides the final scene, the only one of Irulan's appearances based on an actual excerpt from the novel is her visit to Feyd-Rautha.
The first installment achieved a 4.6 rating with 3 million homes, and the miniseries averaged a 4.4/2.9 million households over all three nights.
Asher-Perrin suggested that Harrison's choice to cast adult actor Newman as Paul is problematic because the character is written in the script as less mature and observant than he is in the source novel, but she praised many members of the cast, in particular McNeice (Baron Harkonnen) and Cox (Irulan).
The Dolomitenmann is an extreme sports relay race held in September in the East Tyrolean, or so-called Dolomite Mountains of Austria, near the city of Lienz.
Buck had just bought the instrument and was attempting to learn how to play it, recording the music as he practiced.
Bassist Mike Mills came up with a bassline inspired by the work of Fleetwood Mac bassist John McVie; by his own admission he could not come up with one for the song that was not derivative.
Orchestral strings, arranged by Mark Bingham, were added to the song by members of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra at Soundscape Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, in October 1990.
Meanwhile, Warner Bros. worked to establish the single at campus, modern rock, and album-oriented rock radio stations before promoting it to American Top 40 stations, where it became a success.
The song won two awards, for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best Short Form Music Video.
The song is also included on The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.
Director Singh also drew inspiration from the Italian painter Caravaggio and the video is laden with religious imagery such as Saint Sebastian, the Biblical episode of the Incredulity of Thomas and Hindu deities, portrayed in a series of tableaux.
The video won six awards, including Video of the Year, Best Group Video, Breakthrough Video, Best Art Direction, Best Direction, and Best Editing.
The infield fly rule is a rule of baseball that treats certain fly balls as though caught, before the ball is caught, even if the infielder fails to catch it or drops it on purpose.
The umpire's declaration of an infield fly means that the batter is out (and all force plays are removed) regardless of whether the ball is caught.
The rule exists solely to prevent the defense from executing a double play or triple play by deliberately failing to catch a ball that an infielder could catch with ordinary effort.
If the ball is caught, they must return to their original base; if not caught, the batter becomes a runner and certain runners are forced to advance to the next base.
This creates an advantage for the defense in intentionally failing to execute an easy catch, which the infield fly rule exists to remove.
The rule applies only when there are fewer than two outs, and there is a force play at third base (i.e., when there are runners at first and second base, or the bases are loaded).
Umpires typically raise the right arm straight up, index finger pointing up and call to signal the rule is in effect.
The rule directs the umpire to declare an infield fly immediately on determining that the play meets the criteria described above, solely based on the umpire's discretion.
Any fair fly ball that could be caught by an infielder with ordinary effort is covered by the rule, whether or not it is in the infield, and whether or not an infielder catches it, or even attempts to catch it.
For example, if an infielder retreats to the outfield in an effort to catch a fly ball, the infield fly rule may be invoked because the ball could have been caught by the infielder.
A fly ball catchable with ordinary effort in Major League Baseball might not be in a junior high school game, due to the ability of the players involved.
If the ball is not caught and ends up foul (including if it lands fair and then rolls foul before passing first or third base without being touched by a fielder), the infield fly call is canceled, and the play is treated as an ordinary foul ball.
In contrast, if the ball lands foul and then rolls fair before passing first or third base without being touched, the infield fly takes effect and the batter is out.
Declarations of the infield fly rule are not included in the statistical summary of a baseball game and are not a separate category in player statistics.
A fielder who misplays an infield fly is not charged with an error because the batter is out through the infield fly rule.
But a fielder who fails to touch an infield fly that then rolls foul may be charged with an error for letting the ball roll foul; the batter is not out, and the misplay prolongs the batter's time at bat.
The rule was introduced in 1895 by the National League in response to infielders intentionally dropping pop-ups to get multiple outs by forcing out the runners on base, who were pinned near their bases while the ball was in the air.
In the fifth game of the 2008 World Series between the Tampa Bay Rays and Philadelphia Phillies at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia, Pedro Feliz of the Phillies hit a pop-up to the right side of the infield with runners on first and second and one out, in strong rain and swirling winds, and the infield fly rule was not invoked.
In the eighth inning of the 2012 National League Wild Card Game between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Atlanta Braves, Andrelton Simmons of the Braves hit a pop-up into shallow left field with one out and men on first and second bases.
Cardinals shortstop Pete Kozma, who was playing in normal position, ran out to left field to catch the ball while left fielder Matt Holliday, who was playing very deep in left, ran in to catch it as well.
Although Kozma initially called to catch the ball, as the ball came down, he suddenly moved out of the way and the ball fell between him and Holliday.
The Braves did not score in the inning, and the Cardinals went on to win the game, 6–3, eliminating the Braves from the postseason.
After the call, angry Braves fans began throwing plastic bottles and other debris onto the field, causing the game to be delayed for nearly 20 minutes.
The game was played by the Braves under an official protest from their manager, but shortly after the game, Joe Torre, MLB executive vice president for baseball operations, denied the protest, citing umpire's judgment.
Torre made the ruling immediately following the game (waiving the normal 24-hour review period) due to the importance of the game and the quick turnaround time before the next playoff game.
Between 2009 and 2012, there were six infield-fly rulings on balls that weren't caught, and the longest was measured at , less than the ball Simmons hit.
As the infield fly rule is a special case, umpires signal one another at the start of an at-bat to remind one another that the game situation puts the rule into effect.
Provided the batter runs to first base, the greatest benefit the defense could achieve by intentionally letting the fly ball drop untouched is to force out the runner at second rather than the batter, resulting in a runner on first base either way.
However, if the batter is significantly slower than the runner, the defense may elect to let the ball drop untouched and achieve the force play, replacing the runner at first base with the batter.
Risks for the defense are that the uncaught ball may roll away from the fielder, and any runner on third base can try to score but has the option of remaining on his base.
If the batter gives up on the play, the defense can achieve outs at second base and first base by deliberately letting the ball drop untouched.
A related rule called the intentional drop rule (Rule 5.09(a)(12)) applies even when second base is unoccupied (so long as first-base is occupied), and applies even when the batted ball is a line drive or a bunt that could be caught on the fly.
If an umpire invokes this rule, the drop is ruled a catch, the ball is dead, and no baserunner may advance.
The rule is not invoked when a fielder plays a ball on a bounce that might have been caught on the fly, or a fielder lets the ball fall to the ground without catching the palm of the mitt, or, in the judgment of the umpire, the ball was mishandled and not cleanly caught.
If an infield fly is not caught, no tag up is required and the runners may advance at their own risk.
The only difference is that the umpire's declaration that the batter is out removes force plays and gives runners the option of staying on the base.
A runner hit by an infield fly while standing on a base is also protected from being declared out due to interference, unless this interference is deemed intentional (which appeared in the rules in 1940).
As in the 2008 World Series game, there may be doubt as to whether the ball was catchable by an infielder with ordinary effort.
However, in Major League Baseball, the umpires are likely to correct their mistake if it leads to an unfair double or triple play.
In adult baseball, a fly ball usually reaches the fielder before the batter can run the 90 feet to first base.
However, in youth baseball, the distance between bases is shorter, and in some youth leagues, the infield fly rule is not in effect.
If the fielder fails to catch the ball, then the batter runs toward second base while the runner originally on first base remains there.
Under Rule 7.08(h), the batter is out for passing a preceding runner, and under Rule 7.08(c), this out removes the force so that other runners are able to remain on their bases.
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (SJNMA) was founded in 1884 as St. John's Military Academy (SJMA) in Delafield, Wisconsin, by Rev.
In 1995, St. John's Military Academy merged with Northwestern Military and Naval Academy (NMNA) in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, to become St. John's Northwestern Military Academy on the Delafield campus.
St. John's campus consists of a collection of historic buildings, many with towers and battlements in a style that suggests a Medieval castle, with most of them arranged in a U around the drill field.
In 1977 these historic campus buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places for the complementary design of many of them and since the school is the oldest military academy in Wisconsin.
It has been gradually replaced in most applications by roller chain, which is quieter, lasts longer, and requires less frequent retensioning.
Individual links can be put together or taken apart using simple tools, unlike roller chain which requires a master link or special splicing equipment.
Today, flat chain is used most often for conveyor belts, because it lends itself well to the attachment of slats, flights, buckets, and prongs used to move material.
Such attachments can be welded on in the field, or can be purchased ready-made on a single link (or pair of links where the conveyor uses two chains) and then spliced into a loop of chain.
The cult of Venus Verticordia was established in 220 BC, just before the beginning of the Second Punic War, in response to advice from a Sibylline oracle, when a series of prodigies was taken to signify divine displeasure at sexual offenses among Romans of every category and class, including several men and three Vestal Virgins.
This cult, older than that to Venus Verticordia but possibly perceived as weak or gone to seed, may have benefited from the moral and religious support of Venus as a relatively new but senior deity; for Ovid, Venus's acceptance of the epithet and its responsibilities represented the goddess's own change of heart.
She was meant to persuade Romans of both sexes and every class, whether married or unmarried, to cherish the traditional sexual proprieties and morality known to please the gods and benefit the State.
During the Veneralia, her cult image was taken from her temple to the men's baths, where it was undressed and washed in warm water by her female attendants, then garlanded with myrtle.
At the Veneralia, women and men asked Venus Verticordia for her help in affairs of the heart, sex, betrothal and marriage.
Normally there are four main types in glabrous, or hairless, mammalian skin: lamellar corpuscles (Pacinian corpuscles), tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles), Merkel nerve endings, and bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini corpuscle).
There are also mechanoreceptors in hairy skin, and the hair cells in the receptors of primates like rhesus monkeys and other mammals are similar to those of humans and also studied even in early 20th century anatomically and neurophysiologically.
In somatosensory transduction, the afferent neurons transmit messages through synapses in the dorsal column nuclei, where second-order neurons send the signal to the thalamus and synapse with third-order neurons in the ventrobasal complex.
Single action potentials from Meissner's corpuscle, Pacinian corpuscle and Ruffini ending afferents are directly linked to muscle activation, whereas Merkel cell-neurite complex activation does not trigger muscle activity.
The tactile corpuscles (also known as Meissner corpuscles) respond to light touch, and adapt rapidly to changes in texture (vibrations around 50 Hz).
Indeed, the most sensitive mechanoreceptors in humans are the hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear (no relation to the follicular receptors – they are named for the hair-like mechanosensory stereocilia they possess); these receptors transduce sound for the brain.
When a mechanoreceptor receives a stimulus, it begins to fire impulses or action potentials at an elevated frequency (the stronger the stimulus, the higher the frequency).
Phasic mechanoreceptors are useful in sensing such things as texture or vibrations, whereas tonic receptors are useful for temperature and proprioception among others.
In the fingertips and lips, innervation density of slowly adapting type I and rapidly adapting type I mechanoreceptors are greatly increased.
These two types of mechanoreceptors have small discrete receptive fields and are thought to underlie most low-threshold use of the fingers in assessing texture, surface slip, and flutter.
Other mechanoreceptors than cutaneous ones include the hair cells, which are sensory receptors in the vestibular system of the inner ear, where they contribute to the auditory system and equilibrioception.
As all these types of mechanoreceptors are myelinated, they can rapidly transmit sensory information regarding joint positions to the central nervous system.
Mechanical pressure of varying strength and frequency can be applied to the corpuscle by stylus, and the resulting electrical activity detected by electrodes attached to the preparation.
If the generator potential reaches threshold, a volley of action potentials (nerve impulses) are triggered at the first node of Ranvier of the sensory neuron.
So the more massive or rapid the deformation of a single corpuscle, the higher the frequency of nerve impulses generated in its neuron.
The optimal sensitivity of a lamellar corpuscle is 250 Hz, the frequency range generated upon finger tips by textures made of features smaller than 200 micrometres.
The knee jerk is the popularly known stretch reflex (involuntary kick of the lower leg) induced by tapping the knee with a rubber-headed hammer.
Bajram Curri is a town situated in northern of Albania, near the border with Kosovo, in a remote, mostly mountainous region.
The town is named after Bajram Curri, a national hero who fought for ethnic Albanians, first against the Ottoman Empire and later against the Albanian government.
The town is located in the Valbonë Valley and is the main access point by road to touristic sights and villages of Valbona located in the Albanian Alps.
Bajram Curri is the gateway to Valbona Valley and Lake Koman, both of which are must-sees while in the Kukës Region.
Water from the mountains flow into the waters of the Valbonë, then latter being famous for having the clearest river water in Albania.
Albanian, Italian, and Chinese engineers, working for Albanian Minerals and Bytyci Sh.p.k in Tropojë, suggest the area may have more than 500 million tons of chrome ore and more than two billion tons of olivine in which platinum is 5-7 grams present per ton.
A thermoreceptor is a non-specialised sense receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range.
In the mammalian peripheral nervous system, warmth receptors are thought to be unmyelinated C-fibres (low conduction velocity), while those responding to cold have both C-fibers and thinly myelinated A delta fibers (faster conduction velocity).
In humans, temperature sensation enters the spinal cord along the axons of Lissauer's tract that synapse on second order neurons in grey matter of the dorsal horn, one or two vertebral levels up.
The axons of these second order neurons then decussate, joining the spinothalamic tract as they ascend to neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
Neurons from the pre-optic and hypothalamic regions of the brain that respond to small changes in temperature have also been described, providing information on core temperature.
The hypothalamus is involved in thermoregulation, the thermoreceptors allowing feed-forward responses to a predicted change in core body temperature in response to changing environmental conditions.
Thermoreceptors have been classically described as having 'free' non-specialized endings; the mechanism of activation in response to temperature changes is not completely understood.
In the cornea cold receptors are thought to respond with an increase in firing rate to cooling produced by evaporation of lacrimal fluid 'tears' and thereby to elicit a blink reflex.
Temperatures likely to damage an organism are sensed by sub-categories of nociceptors that may respond to noxious cold, noxious heat or more than one noxious stimulus modality (i.e., they are polymodal).
The nerve endings of sensory neurons that respond preferentially to cooling are found in moderate density in the skin but also occur in relatively high spatial density in the cornea, tongue, bladder, and facial skin.
This area of research has recently received considerable attention with the identification and cloning of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family of proteins.
This channel passes a mixed inward cationic (predominantly carried by Na ions although the channel is also permeable to Ca) current of a magnitude that is inversely proportional to temperature.
Since the TRPM8 is expressed in neurons whose physiological role is to signal cooling, menthol applied to various bodily surfaces evokes a sensation of cooling.
The feeling of freshness associated with the activation of cold receptors by menthol, particularly those in facial areas with axons in the trigeminal (V) nerve, accounts for its use in numerous toiletries including toothpaste, shaving lotions, facial creams and the like.
Another molecular component of cold transduction is the temperature dependence of so-called leak channels which pass an outward current carried by potassium ions.
The Na/K-ATPase is a P-type pump that extrudes 3Na ions in exchange for 2K ions for each hydrolytic cleavage of ATP.
It has been suggested that it is the constellation of various thermally sensitive proteins together in a neuron that gives rise to a cold receptor.
This emergent property of the neuron is thought to comprise, the expression of the aforementioned proteins as well as various voltage-sensitive channels including the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel and the rapidly activating and inactivating transient potassium channel (IK).
Co-sleeping is a practice in which babies and young children sleep close to one or both parents, as opposed to in a separate room.
Therefore, the individuals can be a few centimeters away or on the other side of the room and still have an effect on the other.
It is standard practice in many parts of the world, and is practiced by a significant minority in countries where cribs are also used.
Bed-sharing, a practice in which babies and young children sleep in the same bed with one or both parents, is a subset of co-sleeping.
The American Academy of Pediatrics does encourage room-sharing (sleeping in the same room but on separate surfaces) in its policy statement regarding SIDS prevention, but it recommends against bed-sharing with infants.
For instance, parents under the influence of drugs or alcohol and whose children died while bed-sharing have been charged and, at times, prosecuted with manslaughter in several US states (including Minnesota, Michigan, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin and Utah).
Bed-sharing is standard practice in many parts of the world outside of North America, Europe and Australia, and even in the latter areas a significant minority of children have shared a bed with their parents at some point in childhood.
One 2006 study of children age 3–10 in India reported 93% of children bed-sharing while a 2006 study of children in Kentucky in the United States reported 15% of infants and toddlers 2 weeks to 2 years engage in bed-sharing.
Bed-sharing was widely practiced in all areas up to the 19th century, until the advent of giving the child his or her own room and the crib.
Because children become accustomed to behaviors learned in early experiences, bed-sharing in infancy will also increase the likelihood of these children to crawl into their parent's bed in ages past infancy.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly discourage bed-sharing because of the risk of suffocation or strangulation, but some pediatricians and breast-feeding advocates have opposed this position.
Parents also experience less exhaustion with such ease in feeding and comforting their child by simply reaching over to the child.
It has been argued that co-sleeping evolved over five million years, that it alters the infant's sleep experience and the number of maternal inspections of the infant, and that it provides a beginning point for considering possibly unconventional ways of helping reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Stress hormones are lower in mothers and babies who co-sleep, specifically the balance of the stress hormone cortisol, the control of which is essential for a baby's healthy growth.
In studies with animals, infants who stayed close to their mothers had higher levels of growth hormones and enzymes necessary for brain and heart growth.
Also, the physiology of co-sleeping babies is more stable, including more stable temperatures, more regular heart rhythms, and fewer long pauses in breathing than babies who sleep alone.
In long-term follow-up studies of infants who slept with their parents and those who slept alone, the children who co-slept were happier, less anxious, had higher self-esteem, were less likely to be afraid of sleep, had fewer behavioral problems, tended to be more comfortable with intimacy, and were generally more independent as adults.
Some parents pose threats to infants due to their behaviors and conditions, such as smoking or drinking heavily, taking drugs, a history of skin infections, obesity, or any other specific risk-increasing traits.
Co-sleeping deaths in Texas reached at least 182 in the 2013-2014 fiscal year, which ends on August 31, compared to 169 in the 2012-2013 period.
John Lennan, a spokesman for Webb County child protective services in Laredo, said that each family's situation is examined individually to offer recommendations for a safe environment for the children.
The key to such sleeping arrangements is to make sure that the infant has room to breathe while sleeping, he added.
Some experts, then, recommend that the bed should be firm, and should not be a waterbed or couch; and that heavy quilts, comforters, and pillows should not be used.
Parents who roll over during their sleep could inadvertently crush and/or suffocate their child, especially if they are heavy sleepers, over-tired or over-exhausted and/or obese.
There is also the risk of the baby falling to a hard floor, or getting wedged between the bed and the wall or headboard.
A proposed solution to these problems is the bedside bassinet, in which, rather than bed-sharing, the baby's bed is placed next to the parent's bed.
The presence of the child in the parent's bedroom also raises the concern of a lack of privacy between the parents and the child.
A 2008 report explored the relationship between ad hoc parental behaviors similar to traditional co-sleeping methodology, though the study's subjects typically utilized cribs and other paraphernalia counter to co-sleeping models.
While babies who had been exposed to behaviors reminiscent of co-sleeping had significant problems with sleep later in life, the study concluded that the parental behaviors were a reaction to already-present sleep difficulties.
Further, typical co-sleeping parental behavior, like maternal presence at onset of sleep, were found to be protective factors against sleep problems.
Co-sleeping can often be regarded as an unnecessary practice that can be associated with issues such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
The most controversial issue regarding SIDS is whether bed sharing is a main cause, and whether it should be avoided or encouraged.
Controversially, research shows that if co-sleeping practices are done in an appropriate and safe manner it can be very beneficial and reduce risk of SIDS occurring.
The Pacific Islands Families study, conducted in New Zealand, showed that the adoption of safe bed-sharing and room-sharing practices were saving infant lives and that there was no infant that died from SIDS.
A study of a small population in Northeast England showed a variety of nighttime parenting strategies and that 65% of the sample had bed-shared, 95% of them having done so with both parents.
The study reported that some of the parents found bedsharing effective, yet were covert in their practices, fearing disapproval of health professionals and relatives.
A National Center for Health Statistics survey from 1991 to 1999 found that 25% of American families always, or almost always, slept with their baby in bed, 42% slept with their baby sometimes, and 32% never bed-shared with their baby.
Generally, families of low socioeconomic status will be unable to afford a separate room for a child while those of high socioeconomic status can more easily afford a home with a sufficient number of rooms.
However, statistical data shows the prevalence of co-sleeping in wealthy Japanese families and the ability of poor Western families to still find a separate space for their child, suggests that the acceptance of co-sleeping is a result of culture.
In a study of 19 nations, a trend emerged, depicting a widely accepted practice of co-sleeping in Asian, African, and Latin American countries, while European and North American countries rarely practiced it.
This trend resulted mostly from the respective fears of parents: Asian, African, and Latin American parents worried about the separation between the parents and the child, while European and North American parents feared a lack of privacy for both the parents and the child.
A studio apartment, also known as a studio flat (UK), a self-contained apartment (Nigeria), efficiency apartment, bed-sitter (Kenya) or bachelor apartment, is a small apartment which combines a number of rooms, often the living room, bedroom, and kitchen.
These kinds of apartments typically consist of one large room which serves as the living, dining, and bedroom or may have a very small room for a bedroom.
Kitchen facilities may either be located in the central room, or in a small separate room, and the bathroom is usually in its own smaller room.
A studio apartment differs from a single room occupancy (SRO) unit in that an SRO does not usually contain a kitchen or bathroom.
Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery, including conveyors, wire- and tube-drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles.
Though Hans Renold is credited with inventing the roller chain in 1880, sketches by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century show a chain with a roller bearing.
The first type is inner links, having two inner plates held together by two sleeves or bushings upon which rotate two rollers.
Inner links alternate with the second type, the outer links, consisting of two outer plates held together by pins passing through the bushings of the inner links.
The original power transmission chain varieties lacked rollers and bushings, with both the inner and outer plates held by pins which directly contacted the sprocket teeth; however this configuration exhibited extremely rapid wear of both the sprocket teeth, and the plates where they pivoted on the pins.
This problem was partially solved by the development of bushed chains, with the pins holding the outer plates passing through bushings or sleeves connecting the inner plates.
This distributed the wear over a greater area; however the teeth of the sprockets still wore more rapidly than is desirable, from the sliding friction against the bushings.
The addition of rollers surrounding the bushing sleeves of the chain and provided rolling contact with the teeth of the sprockets resulting in excellent resistance to wear of both sprockets and chain as well.
Many driving chains (for example, in factory equipment, or driving a camshaft inside an internal combustion engine) operate in clean environments, and thus the wearing surfaces (that is, the pins and bushings) are safe from precipitation and airborne grit, many even in a sealed environment such as an oil bath.
Some roller chains are designed to have o-rings built into the space between the outside link plate and the inside roller link plates.
Chain manufacturers began to include this feature in 1971 after the application was invented by Joseph Montano while working for Whitney Chain of Hartford, Connecticut.
O-rings were included as a way to improve lubrication to the links of power transmission chains, a service that is vitally important to extending their working life.
Further, the rubber o-rings prevent dirt and other contaminants from entering inside the chain linkages, where such particles would otherwise cause significant wear.
There are also many chains that have to operate in dirty conditions, and for size or operational reasons cannot be sealed.
These chains will necessarily have relatively high rates of wear, particularly when the operators are prepared to accept more friction, less efficiency, more noise and more frequent replacement as they neglect lubrication and adjustment.
If the chain is not being used for a high wear application (for instance if it is just transmitting motion from a hand operated lever to a control shaft on a machine, or a sliding door on an oven), then one of the simpler types of chain may still be used.
Roller chain is made in several sizes, the most common American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards being 40, 50, 60, and 80.
The first digit(s) indicate the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch, with the last digit being 0 for standard chain, 1 for lightweight chain, and 5 for bushed chain with no rollers.
Thus, a chain with half inch pitch would be a #40 while a #160 sprocket would have teeth spaced 2 inches apart, etc.
Metric pitches are expressed in sixteenths of an inch; thus a metric #8 chain (08B-1) would be equivalent to an ANSI #40.
Most roller chain is made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but stainless steel is used in food processing machinery or other places where lubrication is a problem, and nylon or brass are occasionally seen for the same reason.
Roller chain is ordinarily hooked up using a master link (also known as a connecting link), which typically has one pin held by a horseshoe clip rather than friction fit, allowing it to be inserted or removed with simple tools.
Chain with a removable link or pin is also known as cottered chain, which allows the length of the chain to be adjusted.
Half links (also known as offsets) are available and are used to increase the length of the chain by a single roller.
The effect of wear on a roller chain is to increase the pitch (spacing of the links), causing the chain to grow longer.
Note that this is due to wear at the pivoting pins and bushes, not from actual stretching of the metal (as does happen to some flexible steel components such as the hand-brake cable of a motor vehicle).
With modern chains it is unusual for a chain (other than that of a bicycle) to wear until it breaks, since a worn chain leads to the rapid onset of wear on the teeth of the sprockets, with ultimate failure being the loss of all the teeth on the sprocket.
The sprockets (in particular the larger of the two) suffer a grinding motion that puts a characteristic hook shape into the driven face of the teeth.
The worn teeth (and chain) no longer provides smooth transmission of power and this may become evident from the noise, the vibration or (in car engines using a timing chain) the variation in ignition timing seen with a timing light.
Both sprockets and chain should be replaced in these cases, since a new chain on worn sprockets will not last long.
However, in less severe cases it may be possible to save the smaller of the two sprockets, since it is always the larger one that suffers the most wear.
Only in very light-weight applications such as a bicycle, or in extreme cases of improper tension, will the chain normally jump off the sprockets.
In industry, it is usual to monitor the movement of the chain tensioner (whether manual or automatic) or the exact length of a drive chain (one rule of thumb is to replace a roller chain which has elongated 3% on an adjustable drive or 1.5% on a fixed-center drive).
A simpler method, particularly suitable for the cycle or motorcycle user, is to attempt to pull the chain away from the larger of the two sprockets.
Contact between the pin and the bushing is not the regular line, but a point which allows the chain's pins to work its way through the bushing, and finally the roller, ultimately causing the chain to snap.
This form of construction is necessary because the gear-changing action of this form of transmission requires the chain to both bend sideways and to twist, but this can occur with the flexibility of such a narrow chain and relatively large free lengths on a bicycle.
The critical factors in a chain's fatigue strength is the quality of steel used to manufacture the chain, the heat treatment of the chain components, the quality of the pitch hole fabrication of the linkplates, and the type of shot plus the intensity of shot peen coverage on the linkplates.
The rule of thumb for roller chain operating on a continuous drive is for the chain load to not exceed a mere 1/6 or 1/9 of the chain's tensile strength, depending on the type of master links used (press-fit vs. slip-fit).
For example, the following Table shows data from ANSI standard B29.1-2011 (Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains, Attachments, and Sprockets) developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
Typically chains with parallel shaped links have an even number of links, with each narrow link followed by a broad one.
Chains built up with a uniform type of link, narrow at one and broad at the other end, can be made with an odd number of links, which can be an advantage to adapt to a special chainwheel-distance, on the other side such a chain tends to be not so strong.
Their art is peopled by their friends and family, anonymous and famous, who appear in sophisticated life-size sets the artists build in their studio.
Accomplished image creators, Pierre and Gilles have built up an extraordinary contemporary iconography on the frontier between art history and popular culture.
It depicts three naked French footballers with their genitals fully revealed: the first black, the second Arab and the third white, to represent the multi-ethnic composition of modern French society.
The ensuing controversy led to an act of self-censorship by the artists, who decided that the largest street posters should be changed, and instead use coloured ribbons to hide the players' genitals.
In autumn 1976, Commoy and Blanchard met at the inauguration of a Kenzo boutique in Paris, and started living together in an apartment in Rue des Blancs-Manteaux that they also use as a studio.
In 1979, Pierre et Gilles moved to the Bastille quarter, made their first works for Thierry Mugler, designed record sleeves for artist friends, and shot fashion ads and portraits for magazines.
In 1984, Pierre et Gilles worked extensively for musical artists like Mikado (for whom they directed their first video), Sandii, Etienne Daho, Sheila and Krootchey.
It depicts three naked French footballers with their genitals fully revealed: the first black, the second Arab/Muslim and the third white, to represent the multi-ethnic composition of modern French society.
In the UK, the BBFC passed the film uncut for cinemas, though home releases suffered a brief cut to an ejaculation shot.
In Canada, particularly in Alberta and the Maritimes, the sexuality was seen as gratuitous to the film and it was given an A rating and XXX rating in those regions.
They are self-made unique works or small series, signed and dated on the reverse by the artist/producer, exchanged and collected by the people who participate in the collaborative performance.
An exhibition of 1200 of Stirnemann's cards ran at his second-hand bookshop and gallery INK.art&text in Zurich, Switzerland between 23 April and 31 May 1997.
The ATC project was intended to allow people from different backgrounds to participate in an ongoing art project, which was not part of the art market.
A few weeks after the first ATC exhibition and trading session in Zurich, the Canadian artist Don Mabie adopted the idea and showed artist trading cards at the Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
In April 1998, editions were shown at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stuttgart, Germany, and in June and July 1998 shows and trading sessions were organized in Arnhem and Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
In May 2002, the fifth anniversary of the project was celebrated with a trading session at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich.
Miniature art has been in existence for centuries tracing its heritage back to the illustrated manuscripts of scribes in the Far East and Europe prior to the 15th century.
The origin of modern trading cards is associated with cigarette cards first issued by the US-based Allen and Ginter tobacco company in 1875.
An important influence for the ATC concept were art movements of the 20th century which advocated a more popular art: Art not for museums or auctions but from and within everyday life.
In order to allow for profit gain and non artist collection, both the concept of a mutual exchange and the name of the cards were altered (while the size was kept).
Whereas ATCs are rather shown in museums and special exhibitions (usually accompanied by a trading session), ACEOs are sold on auction sites, collected privately and reproduced in craft tutorials or other publications.
The International Epidemiological Association (IEA) is a worldwide association with more than 2000 members in over 100 different countries, who follow the aims of the association to facilitate communication amongst those engaged in research and teaching of epidemiology throughout the world, and to encourage its use in all fields of health including social, community and preventative medicine.
These aims are achieved by holding scientific meetings and seminars, by publication of journals, reports, translations of books, by contact amongst members and by other activities consistent with these aims.
In addition, the association organizes The World Congress of Epidemiology (WCE) which is held triennially in different parts of the world.
The 19th WCE was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, August 2011, while the 20th WCE will be held in Anchorage, Alaska, August 2014 .
The IEA is in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO) and is run by a council including executive and regional councilors for its 7 regions in addition to the ex-officio members.
These objectives are achieved through networking professionals working in the field of epidemiology through different means, including its website: www.IEAweb.org ; holding national, regional and international scientific meetings and congresses, as well as individual contacts between professional members.
A determined effort was made in this decade to develop regional activities and to strengthen IEA links and co-operation with the WHO.
The International Corresponding Club, as the IEA was first called, was started in 1954 by John Pemberton of Great Britain and Harold N Willard of the United States with the advice and help of Robert Cruickshank.
They had found, as traveling Research Fellows each in the other's country, that they were handicapped by not being sufficiently well informed about the research and teaching in the field of social and preventive medicine in the various medical schools and research institutes.
At first it was just a corresponding club whose object was ‘to facilitate the communication between physicians working for the most part in university departments of preventive and social medicine, or in research institutes devoted to these aspects of medicine, throughout the world’.
This was to be achieved by the publication of a Bulletin twice a year and by members endeavouring to ‘ensure a friendly and hospitable welcome for visitors’ from other countries.
Correspondents soon felt the need to meet to discuss research and teaching and the first formal meeting took place at the Ciba Foundation in London at the end of June 1956.
By this time there were 49 correspondents from 18 countries, and one of them, A. Querido of Amsterdam invited the Club to hold its First International Scientific Meeting in the Netherlands.
As a consequence a ‘Study Group on Current Epidemiological Research’, supported by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, took place at Noordwijk in September 1957.
The second was held in the Universidad del Valle in Cali, Colombia in 1959 when the present title of the association was adopted.
With few exceptions, the scientific meetings of the association have been held every three years since 1957 in different locations around the world.
At the first Council Meeting held in Montreal 17–18 August 2002, it was agreed that all meetings formerly entitled International Scientific Meeting would henceforth be called World Congress of Epidemiology (WCE), with a continued sequence of numbering.
The IEA has always attached great importance to the educational aspects of its work and its first Chairman, Robert Cruikshank, often used the phrase ‘spreading the gospel’ to describe these aims.
The meeting in Cali in 1959 stimulated great interest in epidemiology in Colombia and as a result three seminars on epidemiology were later organized by the IEA in that country.
The Milbank Memorial Fund helped to make this extensive series of seminars possible and the WHO, through the Pan American Health Organization, also cooperated in these seminars.
By 1977 the IEA had organized, or played a prominent part in, 23 Seminars or Workshops on epidemiology in 19 different countries.
The association only undertakes to organize or participate in seminars at the invitation of the national or local educational or governmental bodies concerned.
In 1969 a decision was taken to produce a guide on the teaching of epidemiology which would be suitable for use throughout the world.
The WHO agreed to cooperate in this project and Dr Ronald Lowe and Jan Kostrzewski were asked to edit the guide.
It was published first in English as Epidemiology: A guide to Teaching Methods and also published in French, German, Polish, Serbo-Croat Slovak, and Spanish editions; and editions in Russian and Slovakare in preparation.
Other of the classic texts sponsored by the IEA in collaboration with Oxford University Press is ‘A Dictionary of Epidemiology’ which remains the definitive dictionary in epidemiology worldwide.
In fact, with contributions from over 220 epidemiologists and other users of epidemiology from around the globe, it is more than a dictionary: it includes explanations and comments on both core epidemiologic terms and on other scientific terms relevant to all professionals in clinical medicine and public health, as well as to professionals in the other health, life, and social sciences.
The first fourth editions of the dictionary were edited by John Last and the fifth edition was edited by Miquel Porta.
The IEA offers a free copy of one of the first two publications as an incentive for life-time (10-years) or 3-year membership.
The council believed that the journal could replace the old Bulletin in providing a link between members in intervals between international meetings by publishing association news, and serve a valuable purpose by publishing original articles in the field of epidemiology.
They introduced a number of new features and the positive effects of these changes are reflected in its improved impact factor (7.2 in 2015), which places it first among the international epidemiology journals.
The association has a long tradition of collaboration with other organizations, particularly with the WHO and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and International Clinical Epidemiologic Network (INCLEN) .
This affiliation led the association to the participation in preparing the international ethical guidelines for epidemiological studies, recognized by WHO as a key reference.
The Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn and Child Health is a global initiative that includes academics and representatives of multilateral and bilateral agencies, professional organizations and civil society who share the common goal of increasing accountability for progress towards the Millennium Development Goals for improving the health of mothers and children.
In the earlier years of the IEA, British and North American members were in the majority, mainly because the association had its origins in the UK and US.
The council of the association has always been very conscious of this tendency and made active efforts to broaden the representativeness of the association by encouraging members to nominate epidemiologists from other countries.
Members of participating national societies join IEA at 30% of the usual rate and have all of the benefits of regular IEA membership, except that they receive the e-version of the IJE only.
There have been regular meetings in most IEA Regions, including: Africa, South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Latin America & Caribbean, North America and Western Pacific and occasional ones in the remainder.
Of particular note have been those which marked the foundation and strength of national epidemiological associations as in Japan, China and Holland.
The growth and interest in epidemiology and the enormous improvement in the quality, as well as the quantity of epidemiological research has been particularly notable in some IEA regions as South East Asia.
For example, the Australian Regional IEA meeting in 1973 was attended by 9 Japanese - at that time the only such practicing scientists in that country.
The growth and strengthening of Epidemiology discipline outside Western Europe and North America has also led to increase in bids to act as hosts for ISMs, now known as WCEs.
In effort of enforcing the capacity building role of IEA and moving the 20-year-old Florence course to the south, IEA has started an annual short-course in epidemiological methods.
Indeed, the course is allied to the IEA-sponsored European Educational Programme in Epidemiology , annually held in Florence for three weeks every June/July, under the directorship of Rodolfo Saracci, for more than 2 decades.
Introductory, intermediate and advance level courses are offered to provide epidemiologists and public health professionals an opportunity to become acquainted with the advances in epidemiologic methods that can enhance the role of epidemiology in clinical medicine and public health.
These courses are addressed to epidemiologists, public health professionals, statisticians, and clinicians and include lectures, computer based analyses, exercises, discussion sessions, and practical experience in the design of a research proposal.
The first course was held in Jaipur, India, in April 2009, the second in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in April, 2010, the third in Malawi in April 2011, while the latest was held in Lima, Peru during May 2012.
The recipient is honored for his/her scientific achievements that have advanced our understanding of the determinants of a disease of importance for health in populations through a body of research that may involve a series of studies, rather than a single publication.
The prize winner is selected by a committee which includes current IEA president, president-elect, past-president in addition to two members appointed by the IEA Council.
The first prize has been conferred in 2008 to Prof , while the second was awarded to Prof David Barker in 2011.
The aims of this group are similar to those of the IEA, with a focus on identifying tools and opportunities to develop knowledge and careers for emerging professionals engaged in the field of epidemiology throughout the world.
The IEA has decided to invest effort and resources in ensuring the connectivity among ECE and thus facilitate the promulgation of opportunities for IEA training events, a mentoring scheme, and other activities which promote the advance and appropriate use of the epidemiological methods and its development in all regions.
It is hoped that the IEA will be able to continue to play a part in the organization of seminars particularly in those parts of the world where epidemiology is not well developed.
Owing to the lack of funds for this purpose such activities may have to be confined, for the present, to co-operation with national or international organizations, in particular the WHO, by providing faculty members and resource material rather than funds.
There was general support for continued regional development at the Seventh International Meeting and the first steps were taken towards the organization of further regional meetings.
The previous council recommended that regional IEA councils covering the WHO regions should be established in order to stimulate recruitment of members and the organization of international meetings within regions.
The present council consists of members from all the WHO regions and it is now considering the whole question of regional development.
The Shops at Prudential Center is an urban shopping mall located at the base of the Prudential Tower in Boston, Massachusetts.
The mall lies adjacent to many other destinations such as: Hynes Convention Center, the 101/111 Huntington Avenue office towers, and a skywalk connecting it to Copley Place.
The shopping complex is anchored by Lord & Taylor and Saks Fifth Avenue; both owned by Canadian Hudson's Bay Company, and is home to over 75 specialty retailers, including upscale stores and dining such as Earl's, Lacoste, Club Monaco, Ralph Lauren, Vineyard Vines, and more.
The St. Francis Chapel, staffed by the Oblates of the Virgin Mary, which is a functioning Roman Catholic chapel, is also located inside the shopping center.
Originally, only one department store (Saks), along with a handful of shops existed around the base of the Prudential Tower in a small shopping arcade.
Nearby structures including the Hynes Convention Center, 101 Huntington Avenue office tower, a Sheraton Hotel, and other various shops were separated by open plazas in a patchwork of disjointed buildings.
In 1991, a plan was put forth to connect all of the destinations together with an expanded shopping center, in the area bordered by Boylston Street, Huntington Avenue, and Dalton Street.
The Prudential Center was connected through the shopping arcade, with traffic—from office workers to convention attendees—able to travel conveniently to the various destinations.
Dyscalculia is difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations and learning facts in mathematics.
Mathematical disabilities can occur as the result of some types of brain injury, in which case the proper term, acalculia, is to distinguish it from dyscalculia which is of innate, genetic or developmental origin.
The earliest appearance of dyscalculia is typically a deficit in the ability to know, from a brief glance and without counting, how many objects there are in a small group (see subitizing).
However, children with dyscalculia can subitize fewer objects and even when correct take longer to identify the number than their age-matched peers.
Common symptoms of dyscalculia are, having difficulty with mental math, trouble analyzing time and reading an analog clock, struggle with motor sequencing that involves numbers, and often they will count on their fingers when adding numbers.
For instance, in a study done by Mazzocco and Myers (2003), researchers evaluated children on a slew of measures and selected their most consistent measure as their best diagnostic criterion: a stringent 10th-percentile cut-off on the TEMA-2.
Even with their best criterion, they found dyscalculia diagnoses for children longitudinally did not persist; only 65% of students who were ever diagnosed over the course of four years were diagnosed for at least two years.
It is unclear whether this was the result of misdiagnosed children improving in mathematics and spatial awareness as they progressed as normal, or that the subjects who showed improvement were accurately diagnosed, but exhibited signs of a non-persistent learning disability.
There are very few studies of adults with dyscalculia who have had a history of it growing up, but such studies have shown that it can persist into adulthood.
The adults cannot process their errors on the math problems or may not even recognize that they have made these errors.
Dyscalculics may have a difficult time adding numbers in a column format because their mind can mix up the numbers, and it is possible that they may get the same answer twice due to their mind processing the problem incorrectly.
Dyscalculics can have problems determining differences in different coins and their size or giving the correct amount of change and if numbers are grouped together, it is possible that they cannot determine which has less or more.
If a dyscalculic is asked to choose the greater of two numbers, with the lesser number in a larger font than the greater number, they may take the question literally and pick the number with the bigger font.
Adults with dyscalculia have a tough time with directions while driving and with controlling their finances, which causes difficulties on a day-to-day basis.
College students particularly may have a tougher time due to the fast pace and change in difficulty of the work they are given.
After dealing with their anxiety for a long time, students can become averse to math and try to avoid it as much as possible, which may result in lower grades in math courses.
They may try to keep a positive attitude even with the frustration and anxiety because they want to meet their goal in life.
In the 21st century there is evidence that there will be an increase in enrollment for students with learning disabilities in community colleges.
With respect to pure developmental dyscalculia, domain-general causes are unlikely as they should not impair one’s ability in the numerical domain without also affecting other domains such as reading.
Typically developing individuals are less accurate and slower in comparing pairs of numbers closer together (e.g., 7 and 8) than further apart (e.g., 2 and 9).
The numerical ratio effect is observed when individuals are less accurate and slower in comparing pairs of numbers that have a larger ratio (e.g., 8 and 9, ratio = 8/9) than a smaller ratio (2 and 3; ratio = 2/3).
A larger numerical distance or ratio effect with comparison of sets of objects (i.e., non-symbolic) is thought to reflect a less precise ANS, and the ANS acuity has been found to correlate with math achievement in typically developing children and also in adults.
More importantly, several behavioral studies have found that children with developmental dyscalculia show an attenuated distance/ratio effect than typically developing children.
For example, Gavin R. Price and colleagues found that children with developmental dyscalculia showed no differential distance effect on reaction time relative to typically developing children, but they did show a greater effect of distance on response accuracy.
They also found that the right intraparietal sulcus in children with developmental dyscalculia was not modulated to the same extent in response to non-symbolic numerical processing as in typically developing children.
With the robust implication of the intraparietal sulcus in magnitude representation, it is possible that children with developmental dyscalculia have a weak magnitude representation in the parietal region.
Yet, it does not rule out an impaired ability to access and manipulate numerical quantities from their symbolic representations (e.g., Arabic digits).
Moreover, findings from a cross-sectional study suggest that children with developmental dyscalculia might have a delayed development in their numerical magnitude representation by as much as five years.
However, the lack of longitudinal studies still leaves the question open as to whether the deficient numerical magnitude representation is a delayed development or impairment.
Rousselle & Noël propose that dyscalculia is caused by the inability to map preexisting representations of numerical magnitude onto symbolic Arabic digits.
Evidence for this hypothesis is based on research studies that have found that individuals with dyscalculia are proficient on tasks that measure knowledge of non-symbolic numerical magnitude (i.e., non-symbolic comparison tasks) but show an impaired ability to process symbolic representations of number (i.e., symbolic comparison tasks).
Neuroimaging studies also report increased activation in the right intraparietal sulcus during tasks that measure symbolic but not non-symbolic processing of numerical magnitude.
Thus dyscalculia can be diagnosed using different criteria, and frequently is; this variety in diagnostic criteria leads to variability in identified samples, and thus variability in research findings regarding dyscalculia.
Alternatively, fMRI research has shown that the brains of the neurotypical children can be reliably distinguished from the brains of the dyscalculic children based on the activation in the prefrontal cortex.
However, due to the cost and time limitations associated with brain and neural research, these methods will likely not be incorporated into diagnostic criteria despite their effectiveness.
Most studies done with comorbid samples versus dyscalculic-only samples have shown different mechanisms at work and additive effects of comorbidity, indicating that such subtyping may not be helpful in diagnosing dyscalculia.
Due to high comorbidity with other disabilities such as dyslexia and ADHD, some researchers have suggested the possibility of subtypes of mathematical disabilities with different underlying profiles and causes.
Studies have also shown indications of causes due to congenital or hereditary disorders, but evidence of this is not yet concrete.
A one-to-one tutoring paradigm designed by Lynn Fuchs and colleagues which teaches concepts in arithmetic, number concepts, counting, and number families using games, flash cards, and manipulables has proven successful in children with generalized math learning difficulties, but intervention has yet to be tested specifically on children with dyscalculia.
Most notably, individuals are able to practice more with a digital intervention than is typically possible with a class or teacher.
Räsänen and colleagues have found that games such as The Number Race and Graphogame-math can improve performance on number comparison tasks in children with generalized math learning difficulties.
Rescue Calcularis was one early computerized intervention that sought to improve the integrity of and access to the mental number line.
While each intervention claims to improve basic numerosity skills, the authors of these interventions do admit that repetition and practice effects may be a factor involved in reported performance gains.
While the previous two games provide the correct answer, the individual using the intervention cannot actively determine, through manipulation, what the correct answer should be.
Butterworth and colleagues argued that games like The Number Bonds, which allows an individual to compare different sized rods, should be the direction that digital interventions move towards.
One of these serious games is Meister Cody – Talasia, an online training that includes the CODY Assessment – a diagnostic test for detecting dyscalculia.
A study used transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) to the parietal lobe during numerical learning and demonstrated selective improvement of numerical abilities that was still present six months later in typically developing individuals.
Improvement were achieved by applying anodal current to the right parietal lobe and cathodal current to the left parietal lobe and contrasting it with the reverse setup.
When the same research group used tDCS in a training study with two dyscalculic individuals, the reverse setup (left anodal, right cathodal) demonstrated improvement of numerical abilities.
Those that find gender difference in prevalence rates often find dyscalculia higher in females, but some few studies have found prevalence rates higher in males.
The term 'dyscalculia' was coined in the 1940s, but it was not completely recognized until 1974 by the work of Czechoslovakian researcher Ladislav Kosc.
His research proved that the learning disability was caused by impairments to certain parts of the brain that control mathematical calculations and not because symptomatic individuals were 'mentally handicapped'.
Cognitive disabilities specific to mathematics were originally identified in case studies with patients who experienced specific arithmetic disabilities as a result of damage to specific regions of the brain.
More commonly, dyscalculia occurs developmentally as a genetically linked learning disability which affects a person's ability to understand, remember, or manipulate numbers or number facts (e.g., the multiplication tables).
Queens Center Mall is an urban shopping mall in Elmhurst, Queens, New York City, on Queens Boulevard between 57th Avenue and Woodhaven Boulevard.
It has one of the highest returns in sales per square foot in the United States, with 2002 sales of $953 per square foot, almost triple the national average.
The mall is adjacent to the Woodhaven Boulevard station () on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway.
Queens Center Mall opened on September 12, 1973, on land previously occupied by a children's amusement park named Fairyland, a supermarket, and automobile parking.
The mall underwent a major expansion from 2002 to 2004, nearly doubling in size as the original mall was renovated and another wing was added to the east of 92nd Street.
For a limited time during the 2006 Christmas shopping season, the Macy's location in Queens Center was open 24 hours a day, becoming the first to do so.
On March 8, 2019, the mall was evacuated when an appearance by rapper A Boogie wit da Hoodie was cancelled and fans rioted and looted stores, including the Foot Locker.
The Staten Island Mall is a shopping mall in the New Springville neighborhood of Staten Island, New York City, United States.
It is the largest retail center on the island and is the site of the island's third largest public transit hub after the St. George Terminal and Eltingville Transit Center, with numerous bus routes that connect to the periphery of the mall area.
The mall is owned by Brookfield Properties Retail Group of Chicago, Illinois, itself a division of Brookfield Asset Management, whose USA operations are based in Manhattan.
In 2008, following the US economic meltdown, several stores, including some open for many years, closed down and discount or non-national retailers took their places.
The mall has been expanded by 242,000 square feet beginning in 2016 continued into 2019 with an updated modern storefront with new restaurants and retailers like Zara and Ulta Beauty.
On March 15, 2017, Primark opened on the second floor of the Sears store, while The Container Store occupied the former Sears auto center.
On July 14, 2019, it was announced that Sears would be shutting down at the mall in mid-September 2019 after 46 years.
Several local, Select Bus Service and express New York City Transit Authority buses stop and either travel through or on the perimeter (where park and ride facilities exist) of the mall's campus.
They include the local buses/limited counterparts, the buses with no corresponding limited buses, the Select Bus Service route, and the express buses.
On 18 June 1778 John White qualified as a surgeon's mate, first rate, following examination at the Company of Surgeons in London.
He was promoted surgeon in 1780, serving aboard until 1786 when Sir Andrew Hamond recommended him as principal naval surgeon for the voyage of the First Fleet to Australia.
He succeeded in obtaining supplies of fresh meat and vegetables for them, and arranged that they should be allowed up on deck in relays to obtain fresh air.
On arrival in Australia, White engaged one of the convicts, Thomas Barrett, to engrave a silver medallion to mark the occasion.
In 1788 White was appointed Surgeon-General of New South Wales and organised a hospital for the new colony, somewhat hampered by a lack of medical supplies.
He became interested in the native flora and fauna of the new land and investigated the potential of Australian plants for use as medicine.
It is believed (by his unnamed biographer) that Thomas William Parr was employed as a sketch artist by White to produce natural history drawings as a starting point for development and colouring by other artists.
In 1792, Thomas Watling a convict artist newly arrived to the colony was appointed by the government to assist John White in the production of copies of illustrations of various plants, insects and animals.
He applied for leave of absence in 1792, and received it in 1794, sailing for England on 17 December 1794 and later travelled to Ireland.
Earlier in 1796, White was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, and on 10 March 1797, the Senate of the University of St Andrews conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine on him.
Dumbing-down varies according to subject matter, and usually involves the diminishment of critical thought, by undermining intellectual standards within language and learning; thus trivializing meaningful information, culture, and academic standards, as in the case of popular culture.
In the late 20th century, the proportion of young people attending university in the UK increased sharply, including many who previously would not have been considered to possess the appropriate scholastic aptitude.
In 2007 Wellington Grey, a high school physics instructor in London, published an Internet petition objecting to what he described as a dumbed-down curriculum.
Gatto writes that while he was hired to teach English and literature, he came to believe he was employed as part of a social engineering project.
It is a pejorative term of English origin common in Britain and other parts of the English-speaking world (mainly Commonwealth nations), including Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.
The sequence was edited out of the show (as is common with risqué words), but has been shown as an outtake on other shows.
One of the themes in its lyrics is breaking down male society into two distinct cultures: Yobs (the subject of the first single released from the album) and wankers.
It is the notion that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM) are forgotten, and cannot be retrieved into short-term memory (STM).
His experiment was similar to the Stroop task and required subjects to sort two decks of card with words into two piles.
When the location was changed for the second pile, sorting was slower, demonstrating that the first set of sorting rules interfered with learning the new set.
In 1924, James J. Jenkins and Karl Dallenbach showed that everyday experiences can interfere with memory with an experiment that resulted in retention being better over a period of sleep than over the same amount of time devoted to activity.
The United States again made headway in 1932 with John A. McGeoch suggesting that decay theory should be replaced by an interference theory.
The most recent major paradigm shift came when Underwood proposed that proactive inhibition is more important or meaningful than retroactive inhibition in accounting for forgetting.
Of the two effects of interference theory, proactive interference is the less common and less problematic type of interference compared to retroactive interference.
A common example is observing previous motor abilities from one skill interfering with a new set of motor abilities being learned in another skill from the initial.
Proactive interference is also associated with poorer list discrimination, which occurs when participants are asked to judge whether an item has appeared on a previously learned list.
If the items or pairs to be learned are conceptually related to one another, then proactive interference has a greater effect.
Delos Wickens discovered that proactive interference build up is released when there is a change to the category of items being learned, leading to increased processing in STM.
Presenting new skills later in practice can considerably reduce proactive interference desirable for participants to have the best opportunity to encode fresh new memories into LTM.
Thus, using recent-probes task and fMRIs, the brain mechanisms involved in resolving proactive interference identify as the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the left anterior prefrontal cortex.
However, those asked to memorize a new list the day after learning the first one had a recall of only 40%.
The effect of proactive interference was reduced when the test was immediate and when the new target list was obviously different from the previously learned lists.
Proactive Interference affects susceptibility to span performance limitations, as span performance in later experimental trials were worse than performance in earlier trials.
Proactive interference has shown an effect during the learning phase in terms of stimuli at the acquisition and retrieval stages with behavioral tasks for humans, as found by Castro, Ortega and Matute.
The effect of retroactive interference takes place when any type of skill has not been rehearsed over long periods of time.
Of the two effects of interference theory, retroactive interference is considered the more common and more problematic type of interference compared to proactive interference.
These memory research pioneers demonstrated that filling the retention interval (defined as the amount of time that occurs between the initial learning stage and the memory recall stage) with tasks and material caused significant interference effects with the primary learned items.
As compared to proactive interference, retroactive interference may have larger effects because of the fact that there is not only competition involved, but also unlearning.
After perfecting A- B learning, participants were given a new list of paired associates to learn; however B items were replaced with C items (now given a list of A-C-, A-C-…A-C).
A significant part of Briggs (1954) study was that once participants were tested after a delay of 24 hours the Bi responses spontaneously recovered and exceeded the recall of the Ci items.
Since German psychologist H. Ebbinghaus (1885, 1913) made the first scientific studies on forgetting in the late nineteenth century, further research on the rate of forgetting presented information was found to be steep.
While a variety of factors play a role in affecting the rate of forgetting, the general conclusion made is that 70% of originally recalled information is initially forgotten in 24 hours after a session of practice, followed by 80% of information forgotten within 48 hours.
Afterwards, forgetting diminishes at a gradual rate, which leaves about 5% to 10% of retained information available for learners to access from practice until the next session.
Despite the numbers, retroactive interference can be reduced significantly by implementing over-learning practice schedules, periodic refresh sessions when practicing skills, and skill rehearsal time for the nonuse periods of practicing.
Continuous skills are more resistant to the rate of forgetting compared to discrete skills, which indicates that the types of skills being practiced and retroactive interference significantly interact with one another.
The phenomenon of retroactive interference is highly significant in the study of memory as it has sparked a historical and ongoing debate in regards to whether the process of forgetting is due to the interference of other competing stimuli, or rather the unlearning of the forgotten material.
Although modern cognitive researchers continue to debate the actual causes of forgetting (e.g., competition vs. unlearning), retroactive interference implies a general understanding that additional underlying processes play a role in memory.
New associations compete with older associations and the more recent association would win out making it impossible to remember earlier associations.
Spontaneous Recovery in MFR supports the claim of competition since after a rest period participants spontaneously remembered original pair associations that they were not able to remember right after the second test.
The associative unlearning hypothesis explains RI by saying that new associations replace the old associations in memory causing the participant to forget the initial associations.
Barnes and Underwood argued that A-C responses still outnumbering A-B responses after the delay period supports the Associative Unlearning Hypothesis over Competition.
Retroactive Interference has been localized to the left anterior ventral prefrontal cortex by magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies investigating Retroactive Interference and working memory in elderly adults.
The study found that adults 55–67 years of age showed less magnetic activity in their prefrontal cortices than the control group.
Executive control mechanisms are located in the frontal cortex and deficits in working memory show changes in the functioning of this brain area.
Massaro found that the presentation of successive auditory tones, confused perceptual short term memory, causing Retroactive Interference as the new tone inhibits the retrieval of previously heard tones.
Despite the retroactive interference noted by Wohldmann et al., researchers noted that mental practice decreased the amount of retroactive interference, suggesting that mental practice is more flexible and durable over time.
Barnes and Underwood found that when participants in the experimental condition were presented with two similar word lists, the recollection of the first word list decreased with the presentation of the second word list.
This finding contrasts the control condition as they had little Retroactive Inference when asked to recall the first word list after a period of unrelated activity.
An example scenario in which Output Interference might occur would be if one had created a list of items to purchase at a grocery store, but then neglected to take the list when leaving home.
The act of remembering a couple items on that list decreases the probability of remembering the other items on that list.
Henry L. Roediger III and Schmidt found that the act of retrieval can serve as the source of the failing to remember, using multiple experiments that tested the recall of categorized and paired associative lists.
Three experiments were carried out where subjects were first presented with category lists and then asked to recall the items in the list after being shown the category name as a cue.
Smith found that if categories with corresponding items were successfully recalled, a systematic decline would occur when recalling the items in a category across the output sequence.
In his first experiment word recall per category was greater at 60 sec than 30 sec when taking the last input category out to prevent recency effect.
In his second experiment he changed the instructions, words used, and nature of the test for retention, and showed with recognition procedure, there was Output Interference but the effect was limited to the first three output positions.
In long-term memory, Smith suggests that Output Interference has effects on extra-core material, which is represented as contextual information, rather than core material, which is highly available as a result of organization.
The results of recall performance revealed significant differences due to age where the older group recalled fewer items than the middle group who recalled fewer items than the youngest group.
Overall Smith concluded that memory decline appears with increased age with long-term memory forgetting rather than short-term memory forgetting and short-term memory was unaffected by age.
Recent research of adult’s free recall and cognitive triage displayed similar findings of recall performance being poorer in older adults compared to younger adults.
Although it was also indicated that older adults had an increased susceptibility to output interference compared to younger adults and the difference increased as additional items were recalled.
This is to say that although you remember a specific detail, over time you may have greater difficulty retrieving the detail you encoded.
If you open a bank account and not deposit or withdraw money from the account, after a period of time the bank will render the account dormant.
The bank account (the memory) is rendered dormant (the memory weakened) over time if there is not activity on the account (if the memory is not retrieved after a period of time).
Decay and interference theory differ in that Interference Theory has a second stimulus that impedes the retrieval of the first stimulus.
Interference Theory is an active process because the act of learning new information directly impedes the recollection of previously stored information.
The basis of his research looked at, when one attempts two or more tasks at the same time, why in some cases is one successful in completing their task and in other cases not.
A real-life example of this could be going to the dentist; the only place to have cavities filled is at a dentist’s office.
When the brain is attempting to complete two tasks, both tasks are present in the same mind area and compete for processing ability and speed.
Interference theory says that the learning of new information decreases the retrieval of older information and this is true in dual task interference.
It is presumed that the dominant task would be a new task as a previously accomplished task would already be stored in memory.
The new task would then successfully be completed as more mind effort is required to complete a novel task and the previously completed task would not be completed as the new task dominated the mental capacity.
Just as Interference Theory states, the completion of new tasks inhibits the completion of previously completed tasks due to capacity sharing.
The theory is that if two processes are being activated and they are not similar in any way (making cookies and going on vacation), the brain will be confused as separate cognitive areas are being activated and there is conflicting communication between the two.
Contrastingly, if the two processes are similar (making cookies and pouring milk), there will be less crosstalk and a more productive and uninterrupted cognitive processing.
Brain activation during the Stroop and Simon task was remarkably similar including anterior cingulate, supplementary motor cortex, visual association cortex, inferior temporal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and caudate nuclei.
It has been demonstrated that recall will be lower when consumers have afterwards seen an ad for a competing brand in the same product class.
Competitive brand advertising not only interferes with consumer recall of advertising in the past but also interferes with learning new distinctive brand information in the future.
When competitive advertising was presented it was shown that repetition provided no improvement in brand name recall over a single exposure.
Presenting ads in multi modalities (visual, auditory) will reduce possible interference because there are more associations or paths to cue recall than if only one modality had been used.
The first English settlers to the hill arrived in the 1630s and built a windmill atop the hill to grind grain.
Founded by the town of Boston in 1659, Copp's Hill Burying Ground is the second oldest burying ground in the city.
The cemetery's boundaries were extended several times, and the grounds contain the remains of many notable Bostonians in the thousands of graves and 272 tombs.
The cemetery was not an official stop on the Freedom Trail when it was created in 1951, but it has since been added and is much-frequented by tourists and photographers.
For several years starting in 1806, soil was taken from the top of Copp's Hill to increase the available building land by filling the Mill Pond.
Across Hull street from the Copp's Hill Burying Ground is an extremely narrow four-story spite house built shortly after the Civil War.
Copp's Hill is the highest point in the North End and is the third highest hill in Boston after Beacon Hill and Fort Hill.
In the opposite direction, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge and the TD Garden are visible not far away.
Over local rooftops the upper levels of Custom House Tower, One International Place, and other buildings in the Financial District can be glimpsed.
The Morlocks were depicted as an underground society (both literally and figuratively) of outcast mutants living as tunnel dwellers in the sewers, abandoned tunnels, and abandoned subway lines beneath New York City.
The Morlocks were composed of mutant misfits, especially those mutants who, because of physical mutations or other conspicuous manifestations of their mutant genetics, were unable to pass as human in normal society.
Due to a series of tragedies, the original Morlocks no longer reside in subterranean New York City (except Marrow, who was one of the original Morlocks as a child), although a violent splinter cell Gene Nation and a comparable group called Those Who Live in Darkness have emerged.
According to Callisto, she formed the Morlocks by first recruiting Caliban, and then using his power to track down other mutants who were unable to integrate into normal society.
The Morlocks initially squatted in a network of abandoned, interconnected tunnels beneath Manhattan, which had originally been built as Cold War bomb shelters and then forgotten.
The X-Men were alerted to the existence of the Morlocks when their leader Callisto kidnapped Angel and intended to make him her mate.
Storm is victorious, and orders an end to their attacks on normal humans, but she does not assume leadership of the Morlocks full-time.
Against her wishes, several Morlocks later kidnap the child superheroes Power Pack so that they could be raised by the Morlock Annalee, who had lost her own children.
It is later revealed that many of the Morlocks were actually failed experiments of the Dark Beast, which is why Mister Sinister sought to destroy them.
As a way to live out the dream of Professor X, this unified society of humans and mutants lived together as the New Morlocks.
Debuting along with the rest of the Morlocks (with the exception of Caliban) it was revealed that Masque, Caliban, Callisto and Sunder founded the Morlocks under the streets of Manhattan.
It is revealed later that he actually transported the Morlocks to another dimension dubbed the Hill, whose timeline moved faster than the main Marvel Universe.
With the Morlocks presumed dead from the floods caused by Mikhail Rasputin, some of the remaining Morlocks were relocated to Selima Oasis in North Africa.
When attacked by Humanity's Last Stand, an emotional backlash caused D'Gard to assume control over Storm, who relinquished her leadership role.
A few have been seen there since, as well as a few Morlocks who chose to remain in New York City despite previous attempts on their lives.
After M-Day, some former Morlocks who lost their powers were Angel Dust, Boost, Callisto, Delphi, Irving, Marrow, Postman, Qwerty, Shatter, Tether and the probability of Feral and Thornn.
3) #54-55 that only their physical mutations were restored, not their mutant powers, which led to Feral being killed by Sabretooth.
Marrow reports that 80% of the remaining Morlocks (which was most likely already very small) are depowered now and look like humans.
One character commented that, post-M-Day, the chance of meeting a Morlock in the tunnels under New York is now harder than meeting an alligator in the Floridian sewers.
In it, a small group of mutants living in the sewers of Chicago help each other to fulfill their one last wish on the surface while trying to escape the mutant-hunting Sentinels.
They were being pursued by an agent of the Church of Humanity named Mr. Clean, a genetically engineered human who was stalking and killing mutants.
The Morlocks were largely a peaceful group that refused to follow Apocalypse's regime and for that decision they were all captured and imprisoned in the Breeding Pens for gruesome experiments by Sinister and the Beast.
After the fall of Apocalypse, a trail of escaped mutants from the Breeding Pens lead the X-Men underground, they encountered a group of scared, orphaned children called the Morlocks.
The X-Men offered to help bring them out of hiding in the sewers, but the Morlocks lashed out at them for fear of being locked up and thrown back into cages by the X-Men, now mutant-hunting officers of the newly restored human government.
The Morlocks in the Ultimate Marvel universe have a more sophisticated underground living situation that the mainstream Morlocks, including at least one mutant with energy-generating powers to provide electricity, hydroponic gardens to provide or supplement their food supply, and external air-exchange vents.
In Ultimate X-Men #80 Nightcrawler saves the Morlock named Pyro, who was outnumbered while fighting the Friends of Humanity and the police.
Born in Bandung, Java, Dutch East Indies, as the son of Herman Louis Johan Badings, an officer in the Dutch East Indies army, Hendrik Herman Badings became an orphan at an early age.
Having returned to the Netherlands, his family tried to dissuade him from studying music, and he enrolled at the Delft Polytechnical Institute (later the Technical University).
He worked as a mining engineer and palaeontologist at Delft until 1937, after which he dedicated his life entirely to music.
Though largely self-taught, he did receive some advice from Willem Pijper, the doyen of Dutch composers at the time, but their musical views differed widely and after Pijper had attempted to discourage Badings from continuing as a composer, Badings broke off contact.
In 1930 Badings had his initial big musical success when his first cello concerto (he eventually wrote a second) was performed at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam.
Accused after the Second World War of collaboration with the Nazi occupation forces, he was briefly banned from professional musical activity, but by 1947 he had been reinstated.
Badings used unusual musical scales and harmonies (e.g., the octatonic scale); he also used the harmonic series scale from the eighth to the fifteenth overtone.
An exceptionally prolific artist, he had produced over a thousand pieces at the time of his death, which took place at Maarheeze in 1987.
The German label CPO has committed itself to recording Badings' entire orchestral œuvre, and a Badings Festival was held in Rotterdam during October 2007.
Operation Herkules (; ) was the German code-name given to an abortive plan for the invasion of Malta during the Second World War.
Through air and sea landings, the Italians and Germans hoped to eliminate Malta as a British air and naval base and secure an uninterrupted flow of supplies across the Mediterranean Sea to Axis forces in Libya and Egypt.
Extensive preparations were made for the invasion but the success of other Axis operations – including the Battle of Gazala (26 May to 21 June 1942), the Axis capture of Tobruk on 21 June and Operation Aïda, the pursuit of the Allies into Egypt – led to Herkules being postponed and then cancelled in November 1942.
The Axis plan to invade Malta had its origin in Italian military studies conducted during Second Italo-Abyssinian War in the mid-1930s.
Given the distance between Axis airfields on Sicily and the drop zones over Malta, it was possible for the motorised transports to make four round-trips per day.
Other tanks in the unit included captured Russian T-34 medium tanks, up-armoured German light tanks (five VK 1601s and five VK 1801s) plus twelve German Panzer IVGs armed with guns.
Twenty German Panzer III tanks were also offered for use in the invasion but it is not known what unit these were to be drawn from.
These shallow-draught vessels, were capable of transporting up to 200 equipped infantry, 2–3 medium tanks, or an equivalent weight in cargo and could unload onto an open beach via a drop-down bow ramp.
Twenty German MFPs were transferred to the Mediterranean via the river Rhone to make up for an expected shortfall of Italian-built landing craft.
These included two former Strait of Messina railway ferries (converted to carry four to eight tanks each); ten passenger ships (800–1,400 men each), six former passenger ferries (400 men each), six cargo ships (3,000 tons of supplies each), 30 ex-trawlers (300 men each); five converted minelayers (500 men each) and 74 assorted motorboats (30–75 men each).
It was formed from a series of joined modules that could be towed into place and act as a temporary jetty.
The had been tested by the Army Training Unit at Le Havre in the fall of 1941 and was easily transportable by rail.
One submarine was to be stationed midway between Sicily and Malta, to act as a guide beacon for the transport aircraft on their way to and from the drop zones.
By March 1942, the set had been delivered and installed and a small group of Italian ratings had been trained in Germany on its use.
Operational testing began that spring and by May, the fleet commander Vice-Admiral Angelo Iachino had submitted a report praising its performance.
In 1942 the garrison of Malta consisted of 15 infantry battalions (11 Commonwealth, 4 Maltese) organised into four brigades totalling 26,000 men.
Tank support was provided by the 1st Independent Troop of the Royal Tank Regiment, disembarked in November 1940, which was initially equipped with four Matilda II Infantry Tanks, armed with 2-pounder (40 mm) guns, and two Vickers Mk.VIC light tanks, armed with two machine guns (part of detachments from the 7th Royal Tank Regiment and the 3rd The King's Own Hussars).
These were reinforced in January 1942 by four Cruiser Mk I and three Cruiser Mk IV tanks and a Vickers Mk.VIC light tank, with the cruisers armed with 2-pounder (40 mm) guns (part of a detachment from the 6th Royal Tank Regiment).
A date near mid-July 1942 was set for the invasion, partly to allow time to bring troops from other front line positions.
His reasons for supporting an invasion were to hinder the Allied troops fighting in Africa, as well as to remove the threat to the convoys heading to Italian-German forces with supplies, oil and men, all of which they lacked.
He prioritised the attack to such an extent that he was willing to move units from his front for the attack.
With Hitler lacking faith in the parachute divisions after Crete and in the ability of the Italian Navy to protect the invasion fleet from British naval attacks, the plan was cancelled.
After being damaged in May 2008 in the Red Sea, she returned to HMNB Devonport where she was decommissioned slightly ahead of schedule on 26 September 2008.
In fact, only was sailing south at that time but the speculation was useful to promote the apparent threat of the Royal Navy in the South Atlantic and was not corrected by the Navy or Ministry of Defence.
She remained watertight, and none of the 112 crew were injured; however, she was unable to re-submerge due to damage to her sonar.
After undertaking initial repairs at the Souda Bay NATO base on Crete on 10 June 2008, she passed through the Mediterranean Sea, with a pause (at night) some miles off Gibraltar to disembark some less critical crew.
All three pleaded guilty to the charges of neglecting to perform their duty in failing to notice that the submarine was travelling towards the pinnacle.
The Dearborn River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 70 mi (113 km) long, in central Montana in the United States.
It rises in the Lewis and Clark National Forest, near Scapegoat Mountain in the Lewis and Clark Range of the Rocky Mountains at the continental divide, in western Lewis and Clark County.
The Dearborn is a Class I river for stream access for recreational purposes from the highway 431 bridge to its confluence with the Missouri river.
It is widely believed that neurons die off gradually as we age, yet some older memories can be stronger than most recent memories.
Thus, decay theory mostly affects the short-term memory system, meaning that older memories (in long-term memory) are often more resistant to shocks or physical attacks on the brain.
It is also thought that the passage of time alone cannot cause forgetting, and that decay theory must also take into account some processes that occur as more time passes.
This simply states that if a person does not access and use the memory representation they have formed the memory trace will fade or decay over time.
This led to the abandoning of the decay theory, until the late 1950s when studies by John Brown and the Petersons showed evidence of time based decay by filling the retention period by counting backwards in threes from a given number.
Studies in the 1970s by Reitman tried reviving the decay theory by accounting for certain confounds criticized by Keppel and Underwood.
Harris made an attempt to make a case for decay theory by using tones instead of word lists and his results are congruent making a case for decay theory.
One of the biggest criticisms of decay theory is that it cannot be explained as a mechanism and that is the direction that the research is headed.
Researchers disagree about whether memories fade as a function of the mere passage of time (as in decay theory) or as a function of interfering succeeding events (as in interference theory).
Evidence tends to favor interference-related decay over temporal decay, yet this varies depending on the specific memory system taken into account.
Within the short-term memory system, evidence favours an interference theory of forgetting, based on various researchers' manipulation of the amount of time between a participant's retention and recall stages finding little to no effect on how many items they are able to remember.
Looking solely at verbal short-term memory within studies that control against participants' use of rehearsal processes, a very small temporal decay effect coupled with a much larger interference decay effect can be found.
Regarding the word-length effect in short-term memory, which states that lists of longer word are harder to recall than lists of short words, researchers argue that interference plays a larger role due to articulation duration being confounded with other word characteristics.
One situation in which this shows considerable debate is within the complex-span task of working memory, where a complex task is alternated with the encoding of to-be-remembered items.
It is either argued that the amount of time taken to perform this task or the amount of interference this task involves cause decay.
A time-based resource-sharing model has also been proposed, stating that temporal decay occurs once attention is switched away from whatever information is to be remembered, and occupied by processing of the information.
This theory gives more credit to the active rehearsal of information, as refreshing items to be remembered focuses attention back on the information to be remembered in order for it to be better processed and stored in memory.
As processing and maintenance are both crucial components of working memory, both of these processes need to be taken into account when determining which theory of forgetting is most valid.
This means that if something is more meaningful to an individual, that individual may be less likely to forget it quickly.
These inconsistencies may be found due to the difficulty with conducting experiments that focus solely on the passage of time as a cause of decay, ruling out alternative explanations.
However, a close look at the literature regarding decay theory will reveal inconsistencies across several studies and researchers, making it difficult to pinpoint precisely which indeed plays the larger role within the various systems of memory.
It could be argued that both temporal decay and interference play an equally important role in forgetting, along with motivated forgetting and retrieval failure theory.
Current studies have always been limited in their abilities to establish decay due to confounding evidence such as attention effects or the operation of interference.
The future of decay theory, according to Nairne (2002), should be the development of hybrid theories that incorporate elements of the standard model while also assuming that retrieval cues play an important role in short term memory.
By broadening the view of this theory, it will become possible to account for the inconsistencies and problems that have been found with decay to date.
As most current evidence for decay leaves room for alternate explanations, studies indicating a neural basis for the idea of decay will give the theory new solid support.
(2008) found neural evidence for decay in tests demonstrating a general decline in activation in posterior regions over a delay period.
Though this decline was not found to be strongly related to performance, this evidence is a starting point in making these connections between decay and neural imaging.
Manuel Moschopoulos, Latinized as Manuel Moschopulus (), was a Byzantine commentator and grammarian, who lived during the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century and was an important figure in the Palaiologan Renaissance.
Moschopoulos was a student of Maximos Planoudes and possibly his successor as a head of a school in Constantinople, where he taught throughout his life.
His grammatical treatises formed the foundation of the labors of such promoters of classical studies as Manuel Chrysoloras, Theodorus Gaza, Guarini, and Constantine Lascaris.
Lao script or Akson Lao (Lao: ອັກສອນລາວ ) is the primary script used to write the Lao language and other minority languages in Laos.
It has 27 consonants (ພະຍັນຊະນະ ), 7 consonantal ligatures (ພະຍັນຊະນະປະສົມ ), 33 vowels (ສະຫລະ ), and 4 tone marks (ວັນນະຍຸດ ).
The Lao alphabet was adapted from the Khmer script, which itself was derived from the Pallava script, a variant of the Grantha script descended from the Brāhmī script, which was used in southern India and South East Asia during the 5th and 6th centuries AD.
Vowels can be written above, below, in front of, or behind consonants, with some vowel combinations written before, over and after.
Spaces for separating words and punctuation were traditionally not used, but a space is used and functions in place of a comma or period.
The Lao script was slowly standardized in the Mekong River valley after the various Tai principalities of the region were merged under Lan Xang in the 14th century.
However, this is less apparent today due to the communist party simplifying the spelling to be phonemic and omitting extra letters used to write words of Pali-Sanskrit origin.
According to Article 89 of the 2003 Amended Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Lao alphabet, though originally used solely for transcribing the Lao language, is also used to write several minority languages.
The twenty-seven consonants of the Lao alphabet are divided into three tone classes—high (ສູງ ), middle (ກາງ ), and low (ຕ່ຳ )—which determine the tonal pronunciation of the word in conjunction with the four tone marks and distinctions between short and long vowels.
Each letter has an acrophonical name that either begins with or features the letter prominently, and is used to teach the letter and serves to distinguish them from other, homophonous consonants.
The letter ອ is a special null consonant used as a mandatory anchor for vowels, which cannot stand alone, and also to serve as a vowel in its own right.
A 1999 dictionary does not include it when listing the full alphabet, but does use it to spell many country names.
However, as the Lao vocabulary began to incorporate more foreign names (such as Europe, Australia, and America) it filled a need and is now taught in schools.
It is generally used as the first consonant of a syllable, or to follow a leading consonant, rarely as a final consonant.
Lao also uses digraphs based on combinations of silent ຫ ຫ່ານ with certain other consonants, some of which also have special ligature forms that are optionally used.
Because the first silent component is of the 'high' tone class, all the digraphs and ligatures are also of the high tone class.
The older versions of the script also included special forms for combinations of ພ (pʰ) + ຍ (ɲ), ສ (s) + ນ (n), and ມ (m) + ລ (l).
In addition, consonant clusters that had the second component of ຣ (r) or ລ (l) were written with a special form ຼ underneath the consonant.
Since these were not pronounced in Lao, they were removed during various spelling reforms, and this symbol only appears in the ligature ຫຼ.
Vowels are constructed from only a handful of basic symbols, but they can be combined with other vowel forms and semi-vowels to represent the full repertoire of diphthongs and triphthongs used in the language.
Vowels cannot stand alone or begin a syllable, so the silent consonant, ອ, which can function as a vowel in its own right, is used as a base when spelling a word that begins with a vowel sound.
Although a short dash is used on this page to represent the consonant, in standard Lao orthography a small x symbol is used for this purpose.
Unicode does not make it available as part of the Lao alphabet set, and a lower-case sans-serif x is often used instead.
In December 2011, the Lao Ministry of Science and Technology, in cooperation with the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, officially authorized the use of Phetsarath OT as the standard national font.
The Phetsarath OT font was already adopted by the government in 2009; however, Lao users were unable to use it, as international software manufactures did not include the font in their software systems.
The Laos Ministry of Post and Telecommunications asked local technicians to develop a software system of international standard that would enable the Phetsarath OT font to be like other font systems that local users could access.
In March 2011, the Lao company XY Mobile presented the Phetsarath OT on mobile phones as well as tablet PCs using the mobile device operating system Android.
Throughout the chart, grey (unassigned) code points are shown because the assigned Lao characters intentionally match the relative positions of the corresponding Thai characters.
This has created the anomaly that the Lao letter ສ is not in alphabetical order, since it occupies the same code-point as the Thai letter ส.
Rising from the confluence of Rocky Creek and several other small streams, the East Gallatin begins about one mile (1.6 km) east of downtown Bozeman, Montana.
The East Gallatin river is a popular trout fishing stream and holds good populations of rainbow and brown trout as well as mountain whitefish.
Access is limited to country road crossings and two public assess sites maintained by the Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks department.
Numerous spring creeks, most notably Ben Hart and Thompson, feed the East Gallatin throughout its course and provide excellent trout fishing as well.
The title of Earl of Devonshire has been created twice in the Peerage of England, firstly in 1603 for the Blount family and then recreated in 1618 for the Cavendish family, in whose possession the earldom remains.
It is not to be confused with, and is separate from, the more ancient title of Earl of Devon which belongs to the Courtenay family.
General elections were held in Fiji between 15 and 29 April 1972, the first since independence from the United Kingdom in 1970.
They were characterised by the lack of rancour between racial groups, typical of the 1966 general election and the 1968 by-elections.
The result was a landslide for the Alliance Party of the Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, which won 33 of the 52 seats, and surprised many observers by capturing almost 25 percent of the Indo-Fijian vote.
The election re-affirmed the political allegiances of the past, with the Alliance Party winning all the Fijian Communal seats, with 82% of the votes, as well as all the General Communal seats.
After the election, cooperation between the two major parties continued with R. D. Patel of the NFP elected the speaker of the Alliance-dominated House of Representatives.
Ray Lyman Wilbur (April 13, 1875 – June 26, 1949) was an American medical doctor who served as the third president of Stanford University and was the 31st United States Secretary of the Interior.
Wilbur was born in Boonesboro, Iowa, the son of attorney and businessman Dwight Locke Wilbur and the former Edna Maria Lyman.
He was raised with a brother, Curtis D. Wilbur, who served as the U.S. Secretary of the Navy under President Calvin Coolidge, and was a judge of the Supreme Court of California.
He then studied at Cooper Medical College in San Francisco (then of the University of California, San Francisco, now the medical school of Stanford), receiving a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1899.
While a freshman at his Stanford home, Wilbur met future President Herbert Hoover, who was drumming up business on campus for a local laundry.
On December 5, 1898, Wilbur married the former Marguerite May Blake, who was a college friend of Lou Hoover, Herbert Hoover's wife.
The couple had five children (Jessica Wilbur Ely, Blake Colburn Wilbur, Dwight Locke Wilbur, Lois Wilbur Hopper, and Ray Lyman Wilbur, Jr.).
In 1909, he became a professor of medicine and in 1911 was named dean of the new Stanford University School of Medicine, located at the former Cooper Medical College, where Wilbur had received his M.D.
In 1916, he was chosen to serve as president of Stanford and continued in that position until 1943, including during his tenure as Secretary of the Interior.
Upon his inauguration as its president, he said that he intended to devote the rest of his life to Stanford, and he did.
Wilbur reorganized graduate education, established the Lower Division, introduced Independent Study, and regrouped academic departments within the Schools of the University.
In 1923, he was one of the doctors called in to consult when President Warren G. Harding fell ill in San Francisco, and was present at his deathbed.
Wilbur belonged to several private men's clubs, including the Bohemian Club, the Pacific-Union Club, the Commonwealth Club and the University Club in San Francisco.
When the California Legislature established the State Park Commission in 1927, Wilbur was named to the original commission, along with Major Frederick Russell Burnham, W. F. Chandler, William Edward Colby, and Henry W. O'Melveny.
On March 5, 1929, President Hoover nominated Wilbur as the U.S. Secretary of the Interior confirmed by the Senate, and assumed office the same day.
As Interior Secretary, Wilbur addressed corruption in granting contracts for naval oil reserves, which had caused controversy during the Harding administration's Teapot Dome scandal.
The only animals and birds I know that have economic security are those that have been domesticated—and the economic security they have is controlled by the barbed-wire fence, the butcher's knife and the desire of others.
The organizations are named after John Wycliffe, who was responsible for the first complete English translation of the whole Bible into Middle English.
, translations of either portions of the Bible, the New Testament, or the whole Bible exist in over 3,300 of the 7,099 languages used on Earth.
Wycliffe USA bases its philosophy on Townsend's Protestantism which regards the intercultural and multilinguistic spread of Christianity as a divine command.
Wycliffe USA is based in Orlando, FL, but partners with many organizations and churches around the world to help facilitate the work of Bible translation.
It is the largest of the many independent Wycliffe organizations that together are part of Wycliffe Global Alliance, which has its headquarters in Singapore.
SIL International, originally the Summer Institute of Linguistics, began as a small summer training session for missionaries in Arkansas in 1934.
A partner organization of SIL International, JAARS, originally the Jungle Aviation And Radio Service, based out of Waxhaw, NC, provides critical transportation and technical solutions for SIL in support of Bible translation across the globe.
The Seed Company is a subsidiary of Wycliffe USA that provides support to people doing Bible translations for their own languages.
The Khmer script (; ) is an abugida (alphasyllabary) script used to write the Khmer language (the official language of Cambodia).
The Khmer script was adapted from the Pallava script, which ultimately descended from the Brahmi script, which was used in southern India and South East Asia during the 5th and 6th centuries AD.
The oldest dated inscription in Khmer was found at Angkor Borei District in Takéo Province south of Phnom Penh and dates from 611.
There are some independent vowel characters, but vowel sounds are more commonly represented as dependent vowels, additional marks accompanying a consonant character, and indicating what vowel sound is to be pronounced after that consonant (or consonant cluster).
Most dependent vowels have two different pronunciations, depending in most cases on the inherent vowel of the consonant to which they are added.
A consonant's series determines the pronunciation of the dependent vowel symbols which may be attached to it, and in some positions the sound of the inherent vowel is itself pronounced.
The two series originally represented voiceless and voiced consonants respectively (and are still referred to as such in Khmer); sound changes during the Middle Khmer period affected vowels following voiceless consonants, and these changes were preserved even though the distinctive voicing was lost (see phonation in Khmer).
Most subscript consonants resemble the corresponding consonant symbol, but in a smaller and possibly simplified form, although in a few cases there is no obvious resemblance.
Most subscript consonants are written directly below other consonants, although subscript ' appears to the left, while a few others have ascending elements which appear to the right.
The first consonant in a cluster is written using the main consonant symbol, with the second (and third, if present) attached to it in subscript form.
In initial clusters this subscript is always pronounced , but in medial positions it is in some words and in others.
The second, third and fourth of these are rare, and occur only for etymological reasons in a few Pali and Sanskrit loanwords.
Because the sound /n/ is common, and often grammatically productive, in Mon-Khmer languages, the fifth of this group, , was adapted as an a-series counterpart of ' for convenience (all other nasal consonants are o-series).
A Khmer word cannot end with more than one consonant sound, so subscript consonants at the end of words (which appear for etymological reasons) are not pronounced, although they may come to be pronounced when the same word begins a compound.
In some words, a single medial consonant symbol represents both the final consonant of one syllable and the initial consonant of the next.
The letter, which represented /p/ in Indic scripts, also often maintains the sound in certain words borrowed from Sanskrit and Pali.
These mostly represent sounds which do not occur in native words, or for which the native letters are restricted to one of the two vowel series.
The vowel is pronounced after the consonant (or cluster), even though some of the symbols have graphical elements which appear above, below or to the left of the consonant character.
Most of the vowel symbols have two possible pronunciations, depending on the inherent vowel of the consonant to which it is added.
Absence of a dependent vowel (or diacritic) often implies that a syllable-initial consonant is followed by the sound of its inherent vowel.
For any consonant cluster including a combination of these sounds, a following dependent vowel is pronounced according to the dominant consonant, regardless of its position in the cluster.
The IPA values given are representative of dialects from the northwest and central plains regions, specifically from the Battambang area, upon which Standard Khmer is based.
Vowel pronunciation varies widely in other dialects such as Northern Khmer, where diphthongs are leveled, and Western Khmer, in which breathy voice and modal voice phonations are still contrastive.
The first four configurations listed here are treated as dependent vowels in their own right, and have names constructed in the same way as for the other dependent vowels (described in the previous section).
Consonants may be written with no dependent vowel as an initial consonant of a weak syllable, an initial consonant of a strong syllable or as the final letter of a written word.
Consonants written as the final letter of a word usually represent a word-final sound and are pronounced without any following vowel and, in the case of stops, with no audible release as in the examples above.
However, in some words adopted from Pali and Sanskrit, what would appear to be a final consonant under normal rules can actually be the initial consonant of a following syllable and pronounced with a short vowel as if followed by .
Most consonants, including a few of the subscripts, form ligatures with the vowel (ា) and with all other dependent vowels that contain the same cane-like symbol.
This combines with the a vowel in the form , created to differentiate it from the consonant symbol and also from the ligature for with ().
The independent vowels are used in a small number of words, mostly of Indic origin, and consequently there is some inconsistency in their use and pronunciations.
For the purpose of dictionary ordering of words, main consonants, subscript consonants and dependent vowels are all significant; and when they appear in combination, they are considered in the order in which they would be spoken (main consonant, subscript, vowel).
The order of the consonants and of the dependent vowels is the order in which they appear in the above tables.
A syllable written without any dependent vowel is treated as if it contained a vowel character that precedes all the visible dependent vowels.
As mentioned above, the four configurations with diacritics exemplified in the syllables are treated as dependent vowels in their own right, and come in that order at the end of the list of dependent vowels.
Vowels precede consonants in the ordering, so a combination of main and subscript consonants comes after any instance in which the same main consonant appears unsubscripted before a vowel.
Words spelled with a consonant modified by a diacritic follow words spelled with the same consonant and dependent vowel symbol but without the diacritic.
The numerals of the Khmer script, similar to that used by other civilizations in Southeast Asia, are also derived from the southern Indian script.
Spaces are used within sentences in roughly the same places as commas might be in English, although they may also serve to set off certain items such as numbers and proper names.
U+17D3 was originally intended for use in writing lunar dates, but its use is now discouraged (see the Khmer Symbols block hereafter).
The remaining symbols in this block denote the days of a lunar month: those in the U+19Ex series for waxing days, and those in the U+19Fx series for waning days.
Theodorus Gaza was born a Greek in an illustrious family in Thessaloniki, Macedonia in about c. 1400 when the city was under its first period of Turkish rule (it was restored to Byzantine rule in 1403).
In December 1440 he was in Pavia, where he became acquainted with Iacopo da San Cassiano, who introduced him to his master Vittorino da Feltre.
In 1447 he became professor of Greek in the newly founded University of Ferrara, to which students in great numbers from all parts of Italy were soon attracted by his fame as a teacher.
He had taken some part in the councils which were held in Siena (1423), Ferrara (1438), and Florence (1439), with the object of bringing about a reconciliation between the Greek and Latin Churches; and in 1450, at the invitation of Pope Nicholas V, he went to Rome, where he was for some years employed by his patron in making Latin translations from Aristotle and other Greek authors.
In Rome, he continued his teaching activities: it was reported that on one occasion Pope Sixtus IV commissioned Gaza to translate Aristotle's works into Latin, with the pay of a number of gold pieces; however on receiving the pay Gaza was insulted at the amount paid, and furiously cast the money into the Tiber river.
Amongst his students were fellow Byzantine Greeks Demetrius Chalcondyles, a leading scholar of the Renaissance period and Andronicus Callistus, a cousin of Theodore Gaza's.
After the death of Nicholas (1455), being unable to make a living at Rome, Gaza removed to Naples, where he enjoyed the patronage of Alphonso the Magnanimous for two years (1456–1458).
Shortly afterwards he was appointed by Cardinal Bessarion to a benefice in Calabria, where the later years of his life were spent, and where he died about 1475 and was buried in the Basilian monastery of San Giovanni a Piro.
Gaza stood high in the opinion of most of his learned contemporaries, but still higher in that of the scholars of the succeeding generation.
His Greek grammar (in four books), written in Greek, first printed at Venice in 1495, and afterwards partially translated by Erasmus in 1521, although in many respects defective, especially in its syntax, was for a long time the leading textbook.
In English slang, a Croydon facelift (sometimes council house facelift, or in Northern Ireland a Millie facelift) is a particular hairstyle worn by some women.
The supposed result is that the skin of the forehead and face are pulled up and back, producing the effects of a facelift.
However, its culture has also been affected by rapid change, as the country was transformed from an impoverished nomadic society into a rich commodity producer in just a few years in the 1970s.
The Wahhabi Islamic movement, which arose in the 18th century and is sometimes described as austerely puritanical, now predominates in the country.
However, many of the traditional restrictions have been lifting recently by the government including allowing women to drive and many other female-related issues.
On the other hand, the things prohibited by Islam are banned in the country, for example, alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited.
In Saudi Arabia, Islam is not just adhered politically by the government but also it has a great influence on the people's culture and everyday life.
Unlike many other Muslim countries, Saudi Arabia has been following a strict version of Islam where for example, men and women are segregated in universities.
Another example of the strict adherence to Islamic values can be seen in women who are required to wear the traditional ”abaya” (long, fully covered dress).
However, women are no longer required to wear Abayas in public but are required to dress modestly as a form of respecting the Saudi culture.
Additionally, Saudi Arabia is the only Muslim country where shops and other public facilities are required to close during prayer time which takes place five times a day and employees and customers are sent off to pray.
The kingdom uses not the international Gregorian calendar, but the lunar Islamic calendar, with the start of each lunar month determined not ahead of time by astronomical calculation, but only after the crescent moon is sighted by the proper religious authorities.
Civil workers in the governmental sector used to receive their salaries not according to the international Gregorian calendar, but the lunar Islamic calendar.
This step was taken to reduce the adverse effects suffered by Saudi businesses due to the difference in weekdays and weekends between Saudi Arabia and the other regional and international counterparts.
Id al-Fitr comes after the holy month of Ramadan and employees enjoy a customary 5 to 10 days away from work.
However, some other religious days that are considered as public holidays in other Muslim countries are not given days off in Saudi Arabia including, the Islamic New Year, Mawlid Alnabi -Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday- and ‘Ashura day.
Public support for the traditional political/religious structure of the kingdom is so strong that one researcher interviewing Saudis found virtually no support for reforms to secularize the state.
Because of religious restrictions, Saudi culture lacks any diversity of religious expression or buildings but annual festivals such as the Janadriah Festival which celebrates Saudi Culture, custom and handicraft held in a specialized arena just north of Riyadh and public events such as The Annual Book Fair are open to the public and are very popular although policed by the religious police.
The festivals (such as Day of Ashura) and communal public worship of Shia Muslims who make up an estimated 10-15% are suppressed.
Celebration of other (non-Wahhabi) Islamic holidays, such as the Muhammad's birthday and the Day of Ashura, (an important holiday for Shiites), are tolerated only when celebrated locally and on a small scale.
No churches, temples or other non-Muslim houses of worship permitted in the country (although there are nearly a million Christians as well as Hindus and Buddhists among the foreign workers).
And at least one religious minority, the Ahmadiyya, are banned with adherents being deported according to a 2007 report by Human Rights Watch.
According to authors Harvey Tripp and Peter North, Bedouin make up most of the judiciary, religious leaders and National Guard (which protects the throne) of the country.
Saudi male strangers), thought by some to be a continuation of the desert tradition of offering strangers hospitality to ensure their survival.
The religion and customs of Saudi Arabia dictate not only conservative dress for men and women, but a uniformity of dress unique to most of the Middle East.
Among young men, since around 2000, Western dress, particularly T-shirts and jeans have become quite common leisure wear, particularly in the Eastern Province.
As of 2008, 90% of those employed in the private sector were foreigners, and several decades long efforts to replace significant numbers of them with Saudis have been unsuccessful.
One explanation for this culture of leisure is the hot, dry climate of the peninsula which allowed nomadic herding but permitted agriculture only in a small area (the southwest corner).
For women, most of whom have their own jobs, it is routine (in fact the only outside activity) to pay visits to each other during the day, though the ban on women driving can make transportation a problem.
For men, traditional hours involve a nap in late afternoon, (after work if they are employed), and then socializing that begins after maghrib (roughly between 5 and 6:30 pm) and can last until well after midnight.
Being part of a closed, family-oriented society, Saudis tend to prefer to do business with, socialize with, and communicate with family members rather than outsiders, be they foreigners, or Saudis from other clans.
Although a Muslim woman is forbidden to marry a non-Muslim man, the reverse is permitted, although non-Muslim women are often strongly encouraged to convert to Islam.
There have been a number of cases of foreign women marrying Arabs and discovering they are unable to endure the restrictions of local culture, deciding to divorce and finding that the Saudi father has custody in his home country.
He can rescind the divorce if this was done in the heat of the moment, but only if the wife agrees (and only on three occasions).
The husband must maintain a divorced wife and any children from the marriage if the wife is unable to support herself, although she may have trouble receiving timely payments.
Children generally remain with their mother until about five or six, after which boys return to their father to begin their formal education.
Saudi is one of ten countries where homosexuality is punishable by death (the punishment of stoning to death may be applied to married men who've engaged in homosexual acts or any non-Muslim married or unmarried who commits homosexual acts with a Muslim) as well as fines, flogging, prison time, on first offense.
Older brothers—even if older by only a few days—should have their hand kissed by younger brothers, sit above them on formal occasions, enter a room before them.
Women who go on even short trips of a few days are expected to visit senior relatives and even close neighbors to bid them goodbye, and upon returning, make another round of visits to the same individuals to pay her respects and dispense small gifts.
Many outsiders are struck by the superficial resemblance of Saudi cities (at least the major cities such as Jeddah,Riyadh and the eastern province), with their superhighways, shopping malls and fast food, to those of post-World War II western cities and suburbs.
As late as 1970, most Saudis lived a subsistence life in the rural provinces, but the kingdom has urbanized rapidly in the last half of the 20th century.
Saudi houses and housing compounds are often noted for the high walls (3 or 4 metres high) surrounding them, explained as useful in keeping out sandstorms and/or reflective of the families' self-contained outlook on the world.
Saudi Arabia, and specifically the Hejaz, as the cradle of Islam, has many of the most significant historic Muslim sites, including the two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina.
One of the King's titles is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the two mosques being Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, (which contains Islam's most sacred place, the Kaaba), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina, which contains Muhammad's tomb.
However, Saudi Wahhabism doctrine is hostile to any reverence given to historical or religious places of significance for fear that it may give rise to 'shirk' (that is, idolatry).
As a consequence, under Saudi rule, an estimated 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished for religious reasons.
Critics claim that over the last 50 years, 300 historic sites linked to Muhammad, his family or companions have been lost, leaving fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad.
Demolished structures include the mosque originally built by Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and other mosques founded by Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Caliph), Umar (the second Caliph), Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Caliph), and Salman al-Farsi (another of Muhammad's companions).
Other historic buildings that have been destroyed include the house of Khadijah, the wife of Muhammad, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of the local Hilton hotel; the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of Muhammad, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the location of the King's palace in Mecca.
While women were forbidden to drive motor vehicles until June 24, 2018 and were consequently limited in mobility, they traditionally have often had considerable informal power in the home.
They decided where their children would go to school, when and whom they would marry, whether their husbands would accept new jobs, with whom the family socialized, and where the family would live and spend vacations.
Outside the home, a number of Saudi women have risen to the top of some professions or otherwise achieved prominence; for example, Dr. Salwa Al-Hazzaa is head of the ophthalmology department at King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh and was the late King Fahad's personal ophthalmologist.
However employment for women is limited, and urban middle and upper class women spend much time in socializing with the extended family and close friends.
However in 2019 Members of the Saudi Shoura Council in 2019 approved fresh regulations for minor marriages that will see to outlaw marrying off 15-year-old children and force the need for court approval for those under 18.
Chairman of the Human Rights Committee at the Shoura Council, Dr. Hadi Al-Yami, said that introduced controls were based on in-depth studies presented to the body.
He pointed out that the regulation, vetted by the Islamic Affairs Committee at the Shoura Council, has raised the age of marriage to 18 and prohibited it for those under 15.
Female literacy (81%) is lower than that of males, but the percentage of university graduates who are women (60%) is higher.
Outside of Saudi, foreign sources have shown that discrimination of women is a significant problem and that there is an absence of laws criminalizing violence against women.
However, women above 18 will soon be allowed to travel abroad without taking their guardians permission as a new law is going to be enacted in this regards in 2019.
In August 2019, the law has been already enacted and women above 21 are allowed to travel without a prior permission.
In the courts, the testimony of a woman equals half of a man’s and the testimony of one man equals that of two women in family and inheritance law.
Men need no legal justification to unilaterally divorce their wives (talaq), while a woman can only obtain a divorce with the consent of her husband or judicially if her husband has harmed her.
In health, obesity is a problem among middle and upper class Saudi women, who have domestic servants to do traditional work and have limited ability to leave their house.
School sports for girls is forbidden, but as of April 2014, Saudi authorities in the education ministry have been asked by the Shoura Council to consider lifting that ban (with the proviso that any sports conform to Sharia rules on dress and gender segregation, according to the official SPA news agency).
Like many Muslim countries of the Middle East, Saudi Arabia has a high population growth rate and high percentage of its population under 30 years of age.
Factors such as the decline in per capita income from the failure of oil revenue to keep up with population growth, exposure to youth lifestyles of the outside world, lack of access to quality education and employment opportunity, change in child rearing practices and attitudes towards the ruling royal family—indicate their lives and level of satisfaction will be different than the generation before them.
Saudi youth are exposed to youth lifestyles of the outside world via the internet, as dating, and concerts are banned in their country.
The average age of the king and crown prince is 74, while 50–60% of Saudis are under twenty, creating a significant generation gap between rulers and ruled.
Unemployment among 20- to 24-year-olds is 39% – 45% for women and 30.3% for men—compared to an official unemployment rate of 10% circa 2012.
A 2004 school survey carried out in the kingdom's three biggest cities found that 45% of teenage boys were involved to some degree in joyriding.
Since the 1960s there has been a significant number of guest workers/foreign expatriates allowed into Saudi on work visas, and these now make up around 20–30% of the population of the country.
One source places workers from Gulf oil producing countries at the top, another places Americans there, but all agree that Nationals from places like Bangladesh, Yemen and Philippines are at the bottom.
While foreign workers from Western countries are now a small minority, numbering only approximately 100,000, most of whom live in compounds or gated communities.
Approximately one million Bangladeshis, Indians, Filipinos, Nepalis, Pakistanis and Yemenis left between the campaign's beginning and the deadline (November 4, 2013), with authorities planning to expel another one million illegal foreigners in 2014.
Prior to this workers were sometimes not hired or expelled as a way of registering Saudi disapproval of the workers' country.
Saudi Arabia expelled 800,000 Yemenis in 1990 and 1991 during the Gulf War due to Yemen's support for Saddam Hussein against Saudi Arabia, and cut the number of Bangladeshis allowed to enter Saudi in 2013 after the Bangladeshi government cracked down on the Islamist Jamaat-e Islami party there.
The Saudi–Yemen barrier was constructed by Saudi Arabia against an influx of illegal immigrants and against the smuggling of drugs and weapons.
A 2004 law passed by Saudi Arabia's Council of Ministers, entitles Muslim expatriates of all nationalities (except Palestinian) who have resided in the kingdom for ten years to apply for citizenship with priority being given to holders of degrees in various scientific fields.
As many Saudies are originally descended from tribes of sheep and goat herders, many Saudi dishes are mainly made of sheep meat.
Saudi Arabian cuisine is similar to that of the surrounding countries in the Arabian Peninsula, and has been heavily influenced by Turkish, Persian, and African food.
Nevertheless, cows, sheep, chicken and other types of animals can't be eaten unless they are slaughtered according to the Islamic law.
While traditionally Saudis ate sitting on the floor using the right hand or flat bread to take food from a roasted lamb, goat or camel carcass, the practice of eating while sitting on a chair at a table has become more standard practice, if not the use of knives and forks.
Accordingly, over 18 million date palms are planted in the country and 600 million pounds of date are produced every year.
Thus, dates are considered one of the main and permanent fruit in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Ramadan when dates are eaten in sunset by fasters to break their fast.
Educated Saudis are well informed of issues of the Arab world, the Muslim world, and the world at large, but freedom of the press and public expression of opinion are not recognized by the government.
News stories, public speeches and other acts of personal expression cannot conflict with traditional Islamic values, or dissent from government policy, insult government officials, especially the royal family, and cannot delve too deeply into certain sensitive and taboo subject matters that might embarrass the government or spread dissent, i.e.
the role of women in Saudi society, the treatment of Shiite Muslims, damage caused by natural disasters, or social problems such as the AIDS-HIV pandemic and human trafficking.
Informal public discussion of public policy is not actively encouraged, although it is not expressly illegal per se, unless it is deemed to be promoting immorality, dissent or disloyalty.
There are 60 football clubs participating in three main professional football league levels; the Saudi Professional League involving 16 football clubs, Prince Mohammad bin Salman League with 20 clubs and Second Division with 24 clubs.
The Saudi Arabian national football team has qualified five times for FIFA World Cup competitions, in 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, and most recently, in 2018.
Horse racing is also another diversion in Saudi Arabia which has a historical and cultural legacy where Friday afternoon is the traditional time of horse racing in Riyadh, the Saudi Capital.
There are camel racetracks in most of the kingdom's major centres, and races for prize money on many weekends throughout the winter months.
As of April 2014, Saudi authorities in the education ministry have been asked by the Shoura Council to consider lifting a state school ban on sports for girls with the proviso that any sports conform to Sharia rules on dress and gender segregation, according to the official SPA news agency.
They were two runner Sarah Attar, and Cariman Abu al-Jadail joined by judo athlete Wujud Fahmi and fencing competitor Lubna al-Omair.
In 2018, more than 1300 girls participated in a 3 km marathon, al-Ahsa Runs, for the first time in the country.
With the advent of oil wealth in the 20th century came exposure to outside influences, such as Western housing styles, furnishings, and clothes.
Calligraphy is the art of forming arranging beautiful letters and symbols, and it is among the dominant art forms in Saudi Arabia.
Apart from the dominant art forms, there were some portrait paintings and sculptures produced by some artists in the 1960s like Artist Dia Aziz Dia from Jeddah.
The ten-day-long Jenadriyah National Festival celebrates the founding of the kingdom and showcases Saudi culture and heritage, traditional crafts such as pottery and woodcutting, folk dance and traditional songs.
Of the native dances, the most popular is a martial line dance known as the Al Ardha, which includes lines of men, frequently armed with swords or rifles, dancing to the beat of drums and tambourines.
The literary renaissance began during the first quarter of the 20th century where the literary genre of poetry was improved in language and number of poets.
Novel writing is another literary genre in Saudi literature where the first Saudi novel was The Twins (1930) by Abdul Alquddus Alansari.
All cinemas and theaters were closed in 1980 as a political response to the Islamic revival and the increase in Islamist activism, most particularly the 1979 seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca.
The establishment of the General Authority for Entertainment in 2016 has pushed for entertainment options of the including cinemas, public concerts, international conferences, competitions, singing show and other cultural activities.
Heythrop College, University of London, was a public university and the specialist philosophy and theology college of the University of London located in Kensington in London and the oldest constituent college of the federal University of London, being founded in 1614 by the Society of Jesus.
Heythrop joined the University of London in 1971, maintaining its Roman Catholic links and ethos while offering an educational experience that respected all faiths and perspectives.
Heythrop closed at the end of the 2017/18 academic year, with the final graduations taking place at the Senate House on 12 December 2018.
Heythrop was situated on Kensington Square in London, whilst students also had access to University of London facilities, such as Senate House and its extensive library.
The college had three main departments offering undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in philosophy, theology and related social sciences as well as five specialist institutes and centres that promoted research in their respective fields.
Heythrop had a relatively small student population of, allowing one-to-one tutorship with its academic staff, one of the few institutions outside of Oxford or Cambridge to do so in the United Kingdom.
The college was also widely regarded as being home to one of the largest philosophy and theology related libraries in Britain; following the college's closure the library (which remains the property of the Jesuits in Britain) is available thorough the University of London's Senate House Library.
In June 2015 the Governing Body concluded that the College in its current form, as a constituent college of the University of London, would come to an end in 2018.
The college attempted to negotiate an arrangement with another British university that would have enabled it to continue existing in some form, but these efforts were unsuccessful.
Meanwhile, its site (on prime Kensington real estate) has been sold, with some of the proceeds reverting to the Religious of the Assumption, and is to be redeveloped as a luxury retirement complex.
It was confirmed in June 2017 that the college would close in October 2018, with no plans to transfer any departments or continue on another location.
From 1 August 2017, the University of London took over the academic direction previously given by Heythrop for the Bachelor of Divinity and related Diploma and Certificate of Higher Education programmes offered through the University of London (Worldwide).
The Faculties of theology and philosophy for English Jesuits were founded in 1614 by the Society of Jesus in Leuven, Belgium, before moving in 1624 to Liège.
Whilst in Liège, the College received patronage from Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, and the blue and white of the Elector's coat of arms was incorporated into the college's own coat of arms.
During the French Revolutionary Wars, the College moved to Great Britain with the faculty of philosophy being located at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire and theology in St Beuno's College in Denbighshire.
Being over 400 years old, Heythrop is one of the oldest universities in England, although its origins lie outside England itself.
The University of London's charter of foundation, written in 1836, enabled it to grant degrees not only to students of the two existing colleges, University College and King's College, but to students of other colleges around the country who had reached the required standard.
However, the college sought integration with the British educational system and moved to London in 1970, gaining a Royal Charter of incorporation as a School of the University of London in the Faculties of Theology and Arts on 11 March 1971, and began to award University of London degrees.
Upon moving to London, the College retained the name of its previous home, and has continued to be called 'Heythrop College'.
In January 2014, the College received decrees from the Congregation for Catholic Education of the Holy See, therefore officially reactivating its ecclesiastical faculties under the patronage of Robert Bellarmine.
While the college still retains its original function as a centre for the education of future priests and ministers of the Catholic Church, its student body is now much larger, more international and more diverse.
In September 2013, Heythrop College announced that it would stop recruiting undergraduates for University of London degrees, noting its current discussions for a strategic partnership with St Mary's University, Twickenham.
The premises were previously in use by the Roman Catholic Religious of the Assumption, a religious order of sisters founded by Saint Marie-Eugénie de Jésus.
A number of the sisters continue to live on the current site, and the Marie Eugénie Chapel is available for student use, where a College Mass is celebrated weekly, with the College choir.
A chaplaincy was provided for all students, in addition to the University of London chaplaincy, as well as an Islamic prayer room.
Its library housed one of the largest philosophical and theological collections in the United Kingdom which is now located at Senate House.
On this site the Alban Hall of Residence was also located, the college's sole residence for its selective student population, as well as the students union, and fully catered student dining hall.
Through Heythrop's affiliation with the Jesuits it also served as the London centre for a Jesuit University in the United States, Fordham University.
Meeting facilities on the premises were often used by external groups: one such meeting in 2012 led to the formation of A Call To Action (ACTA, British Catholic Association).
The College library contains some 180,000 volumes, which constitutes one of the largest Theology and Philosophy libraries in the United Kingdom.
The Theology, social sciences and literature collections were held in the Copleston Wing of the College while Philosophy collections were held in the Maria Assumpta library in its main building.
It has a large and important collection of pre-1801 books, such as Edward Baddeley's collections and a first edition of Isaac Newton's Opticks.
Students at Heythrop College were also able to access the Senate House Library, and the libraries of the other colleges of the University of London due to the college's membership and specialist status.
Through the University of London, Heythrop was also able to offer access to a wide range of digital journals and learning resources, such as JSTOR, giving its students a variety of material to access.
These were the 'Centre for Christianity and Inter-religious Dialogue', the 'Centre for Eastern Christianity', the 'Centre for Philosophy of Religion', the 'Religious Life Institute' and the 'Heythrop Institute for Religion and Society'.
Significantly, Heythrop College, Oxford University and Cambridge University made up the only three universities in the United Kingdom to offer one-to-one tutorials after every assignment.
This high level of tutelage made the college noted for excellence in research and a high proportion of undergraduate students went on to study at a postgraduate level.
The combined results for all elements of the REF placed Heythrop at 16th in the overall ranking for the Theology & Religious Studies unit of assessment.
The Philosophy Department offered a variety of specialist philosophy degrees, either as single honours or as joint honours with theology, ethics or religious studies.
The College had a thriving postgraduate research community, with students often attached to one of the many Institutes or Centres at the College.
Students were free to choose from a wide range of modules, embracing both the continental and analytic traditions, as well as the history of philosophy.
The department had also recently attempted to expand its programme with the introduction of a 'Politics' module into a small amount of its undergraduate degrees.
In addition to theology, religious studies and ethics, Heythrop was the first college in the world to offer undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses specifically focused upon the Abrahamic Religions, a course led by members of each of the three Abrahamic faiths.
The Theology department also offered a Divinity programme to candidates for the Catholic priesthood, making it a centre of Roman Catholic training and learning in the United Kingdom and students not following a vocation were encouraged to take one of the broader theology courses.
The college had a unique history and range of teaching in pastoral theology and allied disciplines, with a strong profile both in the United Kingdom and internationally.
The Pastoral and Social Studies Department offered degree programmes in the following fields: Pastoral Theology and Practical Theology, including Sociology of Religion; Christian Spirituality; Ethics; Liturgy; Canon Law; and Psychology, including a unique specialism in the Psychology of Religion.
It was named after St. Robert Bellarmine, a Cardinal and Doctor of the Catholic Church to whom Heythrop has been dedicated to since 1926.
The faculties were opened up to those outside the Society of Jesus in 1964, when the college (then located in Oxfordshire) became a 'Pontifical Athenaeum'.
However, after moving to London and becoming established as a constituent college of the University of London the faculties became dormant.
They were re-activated on 17 September 2013 by a decree of the Congregation for Catholic Education from the Holy See, expanding the opportunities and teaching the college could offer to seminarians, priestly candidates.
Before the closure of the college it was stated that the Society of Jesus, the college governors and the Archbishop of Westminster would look for ways for these ecclesiastical faculties to continue.
The institute offered degree programmes in Theology and Philosophy, intended for those preparing for ordination to the Catholic priesthood, those already engaged in church ministry and other scholars.
The College hosted a number of free public lectures, research seminars and study days throughout the year on a variety of philosophical & theological topics.
The series was named after William Loschert, Chairman of the Trustees of the London Centre of Fordham University, who donated the funding for the lectures.
The team was headed by the sabbatical President and the sabbatical Vice-President, students who had either completed their studies or had taken a year out in order to fill this full-time position and help provide and foster the close-knit society that existed at Heythop College.
Heythrop had its own on-site hall of residence but, due to the college's relatively small size in comparison to other constituent colleges of London University, the Alban Hall was also relatively small housing only ninety-six students.
Housing was also available through the University of London Intercollegiate Halls, and the University of London housing service and most first year students chose to remain in or around Heythrop's Kensington Campus.
In ancient Roman religion, the Quinquatria or Quinquatrus was a festival sacred to the Goddess Minerva, celebrated from the 19-23 of March.
Both Varro and Festus state that the Quinquatrus was celebrated for only one day, but Ovid says that it was celebrated for five days, hence the name: on the first day no blood was shed, but that on the last four there were contests of gladiators.
The first day was the festival proper, and that the following four were an expansion made perhaps in the time of Caesar to gratify the people.
Ovid says that this festival was celebrated in commemoration of the birthday of Minerva; but according to Festus it was sacred to Minerva because her temple on the Aventine was consecrated on that day.
On the fifth day of the festival, according to Ovid, the trumpets used in sacred rites were purified; but this seems to have been originally a separate festival called Tubilustrium, which ancient calendars place on 23 March.
When the celebration of Quinquatrus was extended to five days, the Tubilustrium would have fallen on the last day of that festival.
As this festival was sacred to Minerva, it seems that women were accustomed to consult fortune-tellers and diviners upon this day.
At the Quinquatria in 59, Nero invited his mother, Agrippina the Younger, to his villa near Baiae, in an attempt to assassinate her.
His old tutor, Anicetus, whom he had raised to be captain of the fleet of Misenum, had undertaken to construct a vessel which could be sunk, without exciting suspicion.
After the banquet, when night had fallen, she was induced to return to Bauli in the vessel which had been prepared for her destruction.
But the mechanism did not work as planned, and Agrippina succeeded in swimming to shore, from which she proceeded to her villa on the Lucrine lake.
Normal for Norfolk (or NFN) is a slang term used in some parts of England for something that is peculiar, or odd.
It is also the title of a series of comic shows by the comedians The Nimmo Twins who satirise the idiosyncrasies of the Norwich and Norfolk population.
Utilised by doctors and Social Services in Norfolk and elsewhere to depict patients of lesser intellect, some were moved to record the letters 'NFN' against the personal details of certain clients, where they were considered to be a bit strange or had peculiar habits.
According to the urban myth, such clients were so common in that area that they were considered normal as far as Norfolk was concerned.
The term is considered derogatory because it portrays people from Norfolk as normally being strange, or peculiar with an inference that they are in-bred.
In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics.
Typical rift features are a central linear downfaulted depression, called a graben, or more commonly a half-graben with normal faulting and rift-flank uplifts mainly on one side.
Where rifts remain above sea level they form a rift valley, which may be filled by water forming a rift lake.
The axis of the rift area may contain volcanic rocks, and active volcanism is a part of many, but not all active rift systems.
Major rifts occur along the central axis of most mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust and lithosphere is created along a divergent boundary between two tectonic plates.
Areas of thick colder lithosphere, such as the Baikal Rift have segment lengths in excess of 80 km, while in areas of warmer thin lithosphere, segment lengths may be less than 30 km.
Along the axis of the rift the position, and in some cases the polarity (the dip direction), of the main rift bounding fault changes from segment to segment.
Accommodation zones take various forms, from a simple relay ramp at the overlap between two major faults of the same polarity, to zones of high structural complexity, particularly where the segments have opposite polarity.
In the Gulf of Suez rift, the Zaafarana accommodation zone is located where a shear zone in the Arabian-Nubian Shield meets the rift.
Contrary to what was previously thought, elevated passive continental margins (EPCM) such as the Brazilian Highlands, the Scandinavian Mountains and India's Western Ghats, are not rift shoulders.
At the onset of rifting, the upper part of the lithosphere starts to extend on a series of initially unconnected normal faults, leading to the development of isolated basins.
As the rift evolves, some of the individual fault segments grow, eventually becoming linked together to form the larger bounding faults.
During the climax of lithospheric rifting, as the crust is thinned, the Earth's surface subsides and the Moho becomes correspondingly raised.
This brings high heat flow from the upwelling asthenosphere into the thinning lithosphere, heating the orogenic lithosphere for dehydration melting, typically causing extreme metamorphism at high thermal gradients of greater than 30 °C.
The metamorphic products are high to ultrahigh temperature granulites and their associated migmatite and granites in collisional orogens, with possible emplacement of metamorphic core complexes in continental rift zones but oceanic core complexes in spreading ridges.
The amount of subsidence is directly related to the amount of thinning during the rifting phase calculated as the beta factor (initial crustal thickness divided by final crustal thickness), but is also affected by the degree to which the rift basin is filled at each stage, due to the greater density of sediments in contrast to water.
The simple 'McKenzie model' of rifting, which considers the rifting stage to be instantaneous, provides a good first order estimate of the amount of crustal thinning from observations of the amount of post-rift subsidence.
This has generally been replaced by the 'flexural cantilever model', which takes into account the geometry of the rift faults and the flexural isostasy of the upper part of the crust.
The North Sea rift shows evidence of several separate rift phases from the Permian through to the Earliest Cretaceous, a period of over 100 million years.
Continental rifts are the sites of significant oil and gas accumulations, such as the Viking Graben and the Gulf of Suez Rift.
Source rocks are often developed within the sediments filling the active rift (syn-rift), forming either in a lacustrine environment or in a restricted marine environment, although not all rifts contain such sequences.
Just over half of estimated oil reserves are found associated with rifts containing marine syn-rift and post-rift sequences, just under a quarter in rifts with a non-marine syn-rift and post-rift, and an eighth in non-marine syn-rift with a marine post-rift.
Macbeth (or The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a 1971 British-American historical period drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan.
A film adaptation of William Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, it tells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder.
The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth, noted for their relative youth as actors.
Themes of historic recurrence, greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare's story of moral decline, which is presented in a more realistic style.
The film was controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity, but has received generally positive reviews since its release, and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review.
Macbeth and Banquo do not hear of this news; when out riding, they happen upon Three Witches, who hail Macbeth as Thane of Cawdor and future King, and Banquo as lesser and greater.
At their camp, nobles arrive and inform Macbeth he has been named the Thane of Cawdor, with Macbeth simultaneously awed and frightened at the prospect of usurping Duncan, in further fulfilment of the prophecy.
Duncan names his eldest son, Malcolm, Prince of Cumberland, and thus heir apparent, to the displeasure of Macbeth and Malcolm's brother Donalbain.
The royal family and nobles then spend the night at Macbeth's castle, with Lady Macbeth greeting the King and dancing with him with duplicity.
Fearing a conspiracy, Malcolm and Donalbain flee to England and Ireland, and the Thane of Ross realises Macbeth will be king.
When Macbeth begins to fear possible usurpation by Banquo and his son Fleance, he sends two murderers to kill them, and then sends Ross as the mysterious Third Murderer.
After Macduff flees to England, Ross leaves Fife's castle doors open, so Macbeth's murderers can kill Lady Macduff and the rest of the family and servants.
Disappointed, Ross joins Malcolm and Macduff in England, where the English King has committed forces led by Siward to overthrowing Macbeth and installing Malcolm on the Scottish throne.
The English forces invade, covering themselves by cutting down branches from Birnam Wood and holding them in front of their army to hide their numbers as they march on Macbeth in Dunsinane.
When the forces storm the castle, Macduff confronts Macbeth, and during the sword fight, Macduff reveals he was delivered by Caesarean section.
Director Roman Polanski had been interested in adapting a Shakespeare play since he was a student in Kraków, Poland, but he did not begin until after the murder of his pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, and several of his friends by members of the Manson Family at his house in Beverly Hills on the night of 9 August 1969.
Following the murders, Polanski sank into deep depression, and was unhappy with the way the incident was depicted in the media, in which his films seemed to be blamed.
During the writing process, Polanski and Tynan acted out their scenes in a Belgravia, London apartment, with Tynan as Duncan and Polanski as Macbeth.
Likewise, consultations of academic research of the Middle Ages led to the depiction of the nobles, staying at Macbeth's castle, going to bed on hay and the ground, with animals present.
The added importance the film gives to Ross did not appear in the first draft of the screenplay, which instead invented a new character called the Bodyguard, who also serves as the Third Murderer.
At one stage Richard Burton said he would do the film alongside his then-wife Elizabeth Taylor, but this never came to pass.
Francesca Annis and Jon Finch were 26 and 29, respectively, with Tynan remarking characters over 60 were too old to be ambitious.
Annis accepted the role after some reluctance, as she agreed the character should be older, but was easy to persuade to join the cast.
Polanski's first choice for Macbeth was Albert Finney, who rejected the role, after which Tynan recommended Nicol Williamson, but Polanski felt he was not attractive enough.
A considerable amount of shooting took place in Northumberland on the northeast coast of England, including Lindisfarne Castle, Bamburgh Castle and beach, St. Aidan's Church and North Charlton Moors near Alnwick.
Polanski personally handled and demonstrated the props and rode horses before shooting, and walked into animal feces to film goats and sheep.
While the score has some Middle Ages influence, this is not found in the scenes where Duncan is assassinated and Macbeth is killed.
Each coronation occurs after the predecessor is violently dispatched, and guests and hosts always betray each other, with Polanski adding Ross leaving Fife's castle doors open.
Professor Deanne Williams read the film as not only Polanski's reflections on the murder of Sharon Tate, but on wider issues such as the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Vietnam War.
In one scene, Macbeth's court hosts bear-baiting, a form of entertainment in the Middle Ages in which a bear and dogs are pitted against each other.
In the United Kingdom, the British Board of Film Censors nearly gave the film an X rating due to its nudity and violence.
After a restoration by Sony Pictures Entertainment, the film was placed in the Venice Classics section in the 2014 Venice Film Festival.
Since the division of the Mongol Empire, emperors of the Yuan dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title.
Turkic and Para-Mongolic origin has been suggested by a number of scholars including Ramstedt, Shiratori, Sinor and Doerfer, and was reportedly first used by the Xianbei.
The title was first seen in a speech between 283 and 289, when the Xianbei chief Tuyuhun tried to escape from his younger stepbrother Murong Hui, and began his route from the Liaodong Peninsula to the areas of Ordos Desert.
The Rouran Khaganate (330–555) was the first people to use the titles Khagan and Khan for their emperors, replacing the Chanyu of the Xiongnu, whom Grousset and others assume to be Turkic.
The Avar Khaganate (567–804), who may have included Rouran elements after the Göktürks crushed the Rouran ruling Mongolia, also used this title.
Because Kublai founded the Yuan, the members of the other branches of the Borjigin could take part in the election of a new Khagan as the supporters of one or other of the contestants, but they could not enter the contest as candidates themselves.
Later Yuan emperors made peace with the three western khanates of the Mongol Empire and were considered as their nominal suzerain.
The nominal supremacy, while based on nothing like the same foundations as that of the earlier Khagans (such as the continued border clashes among them), did last for a few decades, until the Yuan dynasty fell in China (1368).
After the breakdown of Mongol Empire and the fall of the Yuan dynasty in the mid-14th century, the Mongols turned into a political turmoil.
Dayan Khan (1464–1517/1543) once revived Emperor's authority and recovered its reputation in Mongolia, but with the distribution of his empire among his sons and relatives as fiefs it again caused decentralized rule.
The last Khagan of the Chahars, Ligdan Khan, died in 1634 while fighting the Qing dynasty founded by the Manchu people.
The title became associated with the Ashina ruling clan of the Göktürks and their dynastic successors among such peoples as the Khazars (cf.
The Tang dynasty Chinese Emperors were recognized as Khagans of the Turks at least from 665 to 705; moreover, two appeal letters from the Turkic hybrid rulers, Ashina Qutluγ Ton Tardu in 727, the Yabgu of Tokharistan, and Yina Tudun Qule in 741, the king of Tashkent, addressing Emperor Xuanzong of Tang as Tian Kehan during the Umayyad expansion.
Enceladus was the traditional opponent of Athena during the Gigantomachy, the war between the Giants and the gods, and was said to be buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.
Enceladus was one of the Giants, who according to Hesiod, were the offspring of Gaia, born from the blood that fell when Uranus was castrated by their son Cronus.
A Giant named Enceladus, fighting Athena, is attested in art as early as an Attic black-figure pot dating from the second quarter of the sixth century BC (Louvre E732).
The third century BC poet Callimachus has Enceladus buried under the island of Sicily, and according to the mythographer Apollodorus, Athena hurled the island of Sicily at the fleeing Enceladus during the Gigantomachy.
The Latin poets Virgil, Statius and Claudian all locate his burial under Mount Etna, although other traditions had the monster Typhon or the Hundred-Hander Briareus buried under Etna.
Enceladus (like other vanquished monsters, thought to be buried under volcanos) was said to be the cause of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Mount Etna's eruptions were said to be the breath of Enceladus, and its tremors to be caused by him rolling over from side to side beneath the mountain.
Whene’er his rebellious shoulders shift their burden to the right or left, the island is shaken from its foundations and the walls of tottering cities sway this way and that.
The battle between Athena and Enceladus was a popular theme in Greek vase paintings, with examples from as early as the middle of the sixth century BC.
The east pediment of the Old Temple of Athena on the Acropolis of Athens, dating from the late sixth century, prominently displayed Athena standing over a fallen giant, possibly Enceladus.
According to an engraving of the fountain by Le Pautre (1677), the sculptor of the gilt-bronze Enceladus was Gaspar Mercy of Cambrai.
Its south pole is interspersed with massive geysers of ice and water vapor that shoot hundreds of miles from its interior.
The moon is considered by scientists to be one of the most likely locations in the Solar System to offer some habitability potential for microscopic life.
In Antarctica, there is a grouping of Nunataks on Alexander Island called the Enceladus Nunataks—but these nunataks were named after Saturn's moon, not after the giants of Greek mythology.
Play the white man is a phrase used in parts of Britain meaning to be decent and trustworthy in one's actions.
Three days after the election, however, the party splintered in a leadership brawl, and the Governor General, Ratu Sir George Cakobau, called on the defeated Ratu Mara to form an interim government pending fresh elections.
It therefore became the duty of the Governor-General under the Constitution to appoint as Prime Minister the Member of the House of Representatives who appeared to him best able to command the support of the majority of the Members of the House.
The Governor-General has not been able to act sooner as it was not until this afternoon that he was informed who had been elected leader of the National Federation Party.
The Governor-General, after taking all relevant circumstances into account, has come to the firm conclusion that the person best able to command support of the majority of the Members is the Leader of the Alliance Party, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara.
Some have alleged that the Governor-General used the splintering of the National Federation Party as a pretext to keep his fellow-chief (and distant cousin), Ratu Mara, in power.
Others, however, believe that the Governor-General did what he had to do, as the National Federation Party was incapable of forming a coherent government.
This was the view articulated by Jai Ram Reddy, the leader of one of the dueling factions of the NFP, in a radio broadcast during the crisis.
Some have charged that Reddy colluded in the Governor-General's actions in keeping his own party out of power, so that he could depose Sidiq Koya, the longtime leader of the party.
Whatever the truth of the myriad allegations about the parties involved, Ratu Mara remained in office in an interim capacity despite his electoral defeat, and a fresh election was held to resolve the impasse in September.
It is particularly used to denigrate white people living in such circumstances and can be considered to fall within the category of racial/ethnic slurs.
In the mid-20th century, poor whites who could not afford to buy suburban-style tract housing began to purchase mobile homes, which were not only cheaper, but which could be easily relocated if work in one location ran out.
Despite many of them having jobs, albeit sometimes itinerant ones, the character flaws that had been perceived in poor white trash in the past were transferred to trailer trash, and trailer camps or parks were seen as being inhabited by retired persons, migrant workers, and, generally, the poor.
By 1968, a survey found that only 13% of those who owned and lived in mobile homes had white collar jobs.
Trailers got their start in the 1930s, and their use proliferated during the housing shortage of World War II, when the Federal government used as many as 30,000 of them to house defense workers, soldiers and sailors throughout the country, but especially around areas with a large military or defense presence, such as Mobile, Alabama and Pascagoula, Mississippi.
The trailers themselves – sometimes purchased second- or third-hand – were often unsightly, unsanitary and dilapidated, causing communities to zone them away from the more desirable areas, which meant away from schools, stores, and other necessary facilities, often literally on the other side of the railroad tracks.
The Royal Veterinary College (informally the RVC) is a veterinary school located in London and a constituent college of the federal University of London.
It is the oldest and largest Veterinary school in the United Kingdom, and one of only eight in the country where students can study to become a vet.
The Veterinary College of London was founded in 1791 by a group led by Granville Penn, a grandson of William Penn, following the foundation of the first veterinary college in Europe in Lyon, France in 1762.
The promoters wished to select a site close to the metropolis, but far enough away to minimise the temptations open to the students.
Earl Camden was just then making arrangements to develop some fields he owned to the north of London, and he replied to the College's newspaper advertisement for a suitable site with an offer to sell it some of his land.
The site was rural, but urban developments appeared on all sides in the early decades of the 19th century, creating Camden Town.
The first students, just four of them, began their studies in 1792, and the first horse was admitted for treatment in 1793.
St Bel died later that year and was succeeded by Edward Coleman, who managed the college for nearly forty six years and established its reputation.
The original building was a quadrangle in a neoclassical style, and there was a paddock on the opposite side of Royal College Street, but this was later sold for housing development.
In 1865 RVC Professor James Beart Simonds was appointed as the first Chief Inspector and Veterinary Advisor to the Privy council, with particular regard to cattle plague.
In 1875 college was granted a Royal Charter as the Royal Veterinary College; it remains the only veterinary college in the UK to have its own Royal Charter.
Some veterinary surgeons were concerned that the college was threatening their livelihoods, but the college argued that poor people could not afford veterinary fees, therefore their animals would go untreated if the Clinic were closed.
There was a major renovation in 1907 of the college horse boxes, which had fund-raisers' commemorative shields hung at their doorways.
During the Second World War, the RVC evacuated to Streatley, Berkshire, although the Beaumont Animals' Hospital remained open at Camden Town.
In the 1980s the Royal Veterinary College Animal Care Trust was launched with the Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother as patron, and the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals was opened at Hawkshead by the Queen Mother.
Princess Anne, the Princess Royal, and Chancellor of the University of London, opened the surgical wing of the Sefton Equine Referral Hospital.
The skeleton of the famous racehorse Eclipse, dissected in 1789 by St. Bel was once more the property of the RVC and was placed on display in the Museum at Hawkshead.
In 2005 the Duchess of Cornwall visited the Hawkshead Campus as new Patron of the Royal Veterinary College Animal Care Trust.
The Camden campus is also home to the main bulk of the RVC Student Union (RVCSU), including the main college bar, the Haxby.
The Hawkshead Campus is located in Brookmans Park, rural Hertfordshire, about north of central London, was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959.
The majority of the college sports teams train and play on the sports courts and fields at this campus, which is also home to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Bolton's Park Farm and the Buttery (a second union-run bar).
The college provides a number of undergraduate courses, including the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVetMed) as well as accelerated graduate entry BVetMed and a combined BVetMed, Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BSc) degree.
BSc degrees are also provided in veterinary nursing, bioveterinary sciences, biological sciences and veterinary pathology, and a foundation degree in veterinary nursing is also offered.
The college also offers the Gateway course; the first year of an extended six-year veterinary degree programme, created for students who are part of the UK Widening Participation cohort.
This is a widening participation programme for UK non-selective state school students whose parents have not been to university and who receive, or would be eligible for, an Education Maintenance Allowance payment.
There is a distance learning department and the Graduate School provides masters courses, PhD studentships and clinical training scholarships in a wide range of disciplines.
The traditional sports of rowing, rugby, netball, hockey, and football are offered for both men and women; more unusually, students take part in sports such as shooting, ice-skating, and polo.
For purpose of sports, the RVC is a part of the United Hospitals, and the sports clubs compete (and sometimes socialise) with the London medical schools (such as Barts, ICSM, and RUMS).
There are also a number of academically-inclined clubs, such as the Farm Animal Clinical Club, the Student Equine Veterinary Association, and the Zoological Society.
In the past, these have included a May Ball, Christmas Ball and Sports Ball, as well as a Halfway Dinner (which takes place in the second term of third year for students on the BVetMed course), Burns Night, an elaborate Freshers' Week and Raising and Giving (RAG) Fortnight.
The union itself is steadily growing and includes representatives of the Association of Veterinary Students and IVSA; based out of Hawkshead House on the Hawkshead Campus, it provides social and academic opportunities for students of all cohorts and courses.
Since 2018, a 'varsity' weekend has also taken place between the RVC and the veterinary school at the University of Surrey; the inaugural event was hosted at Surrey but won by the RVC.
Students on the BVetMed course are invited to attend events organised by the Association of Veterinary Students (AVS) such as Sports Weekend (where the schools compete against each other in unisex football, rugby, netball, and other games) and the annual academic Congress.
These allow veterinary students from the UK veterinary schools and the University College Dublin veterinary faculty to convene once or twice a year to socialise, network and compete.
RVC students are also invited to participate in societies run by other universities in London; the University of London Union offers a selection of sports and societies, as does the Imperial College School of Medicine Student's Union, and students tend to take advantage of these opportunities as well as being involved in RVC societies.
The Research Assessment Exercise in 2008 ranked the RVC as England's best veterinary school of those institutions whose research is exclusively veterinary related.
It is a self-governing college within the University of London and its scientists work together in interdisciplinary teams within one research division.
The disciplines of Epidemiology, Microbiology, Pathology, Immunology and Clinical Science are drawn together in the Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED Centre), opened in 2008.
Animal Welfare and the Animal Welfare unit situated at the college are fundamental to the RVC's research mission and underpins their research programmes.
Understanding how animals and people move is fundamental to musculoskeletal health and diseases that result from ageing, physical activity and the environment.
The leaders of this Centre of Excellence are at the forefront of developing technologies to study animal movement, which are used in both basic and applied research.
The RVC has a Clinical Investigation Centre, co-ordinating disciplined study of its clinical caseload through its electronic patient record system and undertaking Phase II Clinical Trials under a Home Office license.
They aim to translate research into solutions for veterinary and human medicine and use their expertise and veterinary patient caseload to undertake comparative research of both biomedical and veterinary significance.
For small animals, the RVC runs the Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, a first-opinion hospital based at the RVC's Camden campus, and the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, an animal referral hospital which provides clinical services in a wide range of specialities.
The equine services include the Equine Practice which is a first opinion ambulatory service, serving Hertfordshire and other local areas and the Equine Referral Hospital which provides referral clinical services to equine practices and horse owners throughout the south of England.
The RVC operates a referral farm animal hospital at its Hawkshead Campus, which provides full hospitalisation, diagnostic and surgical facilities for individual farm animals.
The college has a collaboration with the Dairy Development centre, the Welsh Regional Veterinary Centre (WRVC), which provides a farm health investigation service to vets and farmers in the South Wales region.
Fokino () is a closed town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the coast of the Peter the Great Gulf, on the Abrek Bay, about south of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai.
However, due to its status as a base for the Russian Pacific Fleet, the town was closed, and referred to officially under the code name Shkotovo-17.
After the APEC-2012 Summit was held in Vladivostok, Fokino will become the main naval base at the Russian Far East, where the Russian Pacific Fleet will be attached.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two urban-type settlements (Dunay and Putyatin), incorporated as Fokino Town Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
However, the Islands of Putyatin and Askold, which are a part of the territory administered by the town, are open for visits by tourists.
It is rarely visited by tourists because of the absence of regular transport connections with the mainland, and the status of the island which until 1995 had formed part of the Reserve where no economic activity was allowed.
Furthermore, the FTG owns the Ferdinand-Tönnies-Haus (a student residence) in Kiel and organizes as well public lectures on academic and political topics for the public.
He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary North constituency from 1969 to 1973, 1977 to 1981 and 1987 to 2002.
He also served as a Senator for the Cultural and Educational Panel from 1983 to 1987 and for the Agricultural Panel from May 1982 to December 1982.
Smith worked as a farmer before entering Dáil Éireann at the 1969 general election as a Fianna Fáil TD for the Tipperary North constituency.
Smith lost his Dáil seat again at the February 1982 general election, and failed to regain it at the November 1982 general election.
He spent the next five years as a Senator in Seanad Éireann, elected first by the Agricultural Panel and then by the Cultural and Educational Panel, before his re-election to the Dáil at the 1987 general election.
His stay as Minister was short because following the 1989 general election he was demoted to Minister of State for Science and Technology.
He replaced David Andrews as Minister for Defence in October 1997, and held that position until he was dropped from the Cabinet in a reshuffle in 2004.
During his tenure Smith dealt with the Army deafness compensation issue that ultimately resulted in claims of €300 million against the State.
The satellite was the second in the UoSAT series of satellites built by University of Surrey; preceded by UoSAT-1 and followed by UoSAT-3.
The satellite carries a Digitalker speech synthesiser, magnetometers, a CCD camera, a Geiger-Müller tube, and a microphone to detect the vibrations of micrometeoroid impacts.
Like UoSAT-1 it transmits telemetry data on the VHF beacon at 1200 baud, using asynchronous AFSK, though now all analogue telemetry channels have failed; on an FM receiver the audio signal resembles the cassette data format of the contemporary BBC Micro computer.
UoSAT-2's solar arrays were bought at a premium compared to those of UoSAT-1, the design having been space tested by its predecessor.
The British affiliate of AMSAT distributed a library of software for the BBC Micro to track UoSAT-2 and other satellites and analyse telemetry broadcasts.
According to a February 2008 status report the satellite had no viable battery backup, operating only from its solar panels, and a watchdog timer on board was suspending activity for up to three weeks following any power anomaly.
After a 21-month gap in observations, UoSAT-2 resumed sending telemetry sometime before 10 December 2009, and is apparently continuing the watchdog-controlled transmission regime, though now on a ten-days-on, ten-days-off schedule.
The position of the skiers' emergency beacon was calculated daily by Cospas-Sarsat ground stations and relayed to them, and thousands of amateur radio listeners, as a spoken message from the Digitalker on board UoSAT-2.
The message could also serve as an emergency channel to the skiers in the event that all other radio links failed.
Emulating the N64 (which was only 3 years old at the time) made it the first of the N64 emulators to run commercial titles at a playable frame rate on the hardware of the time.
Earlier emulators had sought to accurately emulate all low-level operations of a target machine; this worked well for consoles such as the Super NES and Genesis that were substantially simpler than the computer running the emulator.
Co-authors Epsilon and RealityMan realized that since N64 games were programmed in C, they could intercept (the far fewer) C library calls rather than machine-level operations, and simply reimplement the libraries.
However it paved the way for playable emulators of recent consoles that require considerable graphical computational power which could be simulated easily with available PC graphic cards.
UltraHLE's high-level emulation had its drawbacks; at the time of its release it was able to emulate only approximately 20 games to a playable standard as it emulated and simulated only those calls required by those specific games; it was necessary to adapt the emulator for games that used different parts of the N64 hardware.
Also notable for its time, UltraHLE was capable of playing commercial games while the console was still commercially viable, a feat which was ultimately noticed by Nintendo.
In February 1999, Nintendo began the process of filing a lawsuit against the emulator's authors, along with the website hosting the emulator.
After the source code was leaked in 2002, an OpenGL version of UltraHLE called UltraHLE 2064 was released, though it garnered little acclaim, as several more powerful emulators had subsequently been released.
As of 2017, global solar hot water thermal capacity is 472 GW and the market is dominated by China, the United States and Turkey.
In 1896 Clarence Kemp of Baltimore enclosed a tank in a wooden box, thus creating the first 'batch water heater' as they are known today.
Frank Shuman built the world's first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, using parabolic troughs to power a engine that pumped of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields.
Solar power is in use in Australia, Canada, China, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Portugal, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Levi Yissar built the first prototype Israeli solar water heater and in 1953 he launched the NerYah Company, Israel's first commercial manufacturer of solar water heating.
Following the energy crisis in the 1970s, in 1980 Israel required the installation of solar water heaters in all new homes (except high towers with insufficient roof area).
In 2005, Spain became the world's first country to require the installation of photovoltaic electricity generation in new buildings, and the second (after Israel) to require the installation of solar water heating systems, in 2006.
Solar water heating systems are popular in China, where basic models start at around 1,500 yuan (US$235), around 80% less than in Western countries for a given collector size.
The popularity is due to efficient evacuated tubes that allow the heaters to function even under gray skies and at temperatures well below freezing.
The minimum requirements of the system are typically determined by the amount or temperature of hot water required during winter, when a system's output and incoming water temperature are typically at their lowest.
The maximum output of the system is determined by the need to prevent the water in the system from becoming too hot.
This approach is common in climates where freezing temperatures do not occur often, but can be less reliable than an automatic system as it relies on an operator.
A third type of freeze protection is freeze-tolerance, where low pressure water pipes made of silicone rubber simply expand on freezing.
When no hot water has been used for a day or two, the fluid in the collectors and storage can reach high temperatures in all non-drainback systems.
When the storage tank in a drainback system reaches its desired temperature, the pumps stop, ending the heating process and thus preventing the storage tank from overheating.
Some active systems deliberately cool the water in the storage tank by circulating hot water through the collector at times when there is little sunlight or at night, losing heat.
This is most effective in direct or thermal store plumbing and is virtually ineffective in systems that use evacuated tube collectors, due to their superior insulation.
Simple designs include a simple glass-topped insulated box with a flat solar absorber made of sheet metal, attached to copper heat exchanger pipes and dark-colored, or a set of metal tubes surrounded by an evacuated (near vacuum) glass cylinder.
The volume of this tank needs to be larger with solar heating systems to compensate for bad weather and because the optimum final temperature for the solar collector is lower than a typical immersion or combustion heater.
The heat transfer fluid (HTF) for the absorber may be water, but more commonly (at least in active systems) is a separate loop of fluid containing anti-freeze and a corrosion inhibitor delivers heat to the tank through a heat exchanger (commonly a coil of copper heat exchanger tubing within the tank).
Copper is an important component in solar thermal heating and cooling systems because of its high heat conductivity, atmospheric and water corrosion resistance, sealing and joining by soldering and mechanical strength.
Both typically include an auxiliary energy source (electric heating element or connection to a gas or fuel oil central heating system) that is activated when the water in the tank falls below a minimum temperature setting, ensuring that hot water is always available.
The combination of solar water heating and back-up heat from a wood stove chimney can enable a hot water system to work all year round in cooler climates, without the supplemental heat requirement of a solar water heating system being met with fossil fuels or electricity.
When a solar water heating and hot-water central heating system are used together, solar heat will either be concentrated in a pre-heating tank that feeds into the tank heated by the central heating, or the solar heat exchanger will replace the lower heating element and the upper element will remain to provide for supplemental heat.
Therefore, solar water heating for washing and bathing is often a better application than central heating because supply and demand are better matched.
In many northern European countries, combined hot water and space heating systems (solar combisystems) are used to provide 15 to 25% of home heating energy.
After heating in the panels, the HTF travels to the heat exchanger, where its heat is transferred to the potable water.
Active systems have controllers with features such as interaction with a backup electric or gas-driven water heater, calculation and logging of the energy saved, safety functions, remote access and informative displays.
They are simple and less costly than plate and tube collectors, but they may require bracing if installed on a roof (to support  lbs of water), suffer from significant heat loss at night since the side facing the sun is largely uninsulated and are only suitable in moderate climates.
The main benefit of CHS systems over ICS systems is that heat loss is largely avoided since the storage tank can be fully insulated.
Since the panels are located below the storage tank, heat loss does not cause convection, as the cold water stays at the lowest part of the system.
The HTF remains in the drainback reseervoir unless the pump is operating and returns there (emptying the collector) when the pump is switched off.
The pump operates only when appropriate for heat collection, but not to protect the HTF, increasing efficiency and reducing pumping costs.
Flat plate collectors are an extension of the idea to place a collector in an 'oven'-like box with glass directly facing the Sun.
Most flat plate collectors have two horizontal pipes at the top and bottom, called headers, and many smaller vertical pipes connecting them, called risers.
Heat-transfer fluid (water or water/antifreeze mix) is pumped from the hot water storage tank or heat exchanger into the collectors' bottom header, and it travels up the risers, collecting heat from the absorber fins, and then exits the collector out of the top header.
Such glass can withstand significant hail without breaking, which is one of the reasons that flat-plate collectors are considered the most durable collector type.
Unglazed or formed collectors are similar to flat-plate collectors, except they are not thermally insulated nor physically protected by a glass panel.
For pool heating applications, the water to be heated is often colder than the ambient roof temperature, at which point the lack of thermal insulation allows additional heat to be drawn from the surrounding environment.
Since heat loss due to convection cannot cross a vacuum, it forms an efficient isolation mechanism to keep heat inside the collector pipes.
Since two flat glass sheets are generally not strong enough to withstand a vacuum, the vacuum is created between two concentric tubes.
Typically, the water piping in an ETC is therefore surrounded by two concentric tubes of glass separated by a vacuum that admits heat from the sun (to heat the pipe) but that limits heat loss.
Although a PV-powered pump does not operate at night, the controller must ensure that the pump does not operate when the sun is out but the collector water is not hot enough.
In a bubble pump system, the closed HTF circuit is under reduced pressure, which causes the liquid to boil at low temperature as the sun heats it.
The bubbles are separated from the hot fluid and condensed at the highest point in the circuit, after which the fluid flows downward toward the heat exchanger caused by the difference in fluid levels.
The controller starts the pump when the water in the collector is sufficiently about 8–10 °C warmer than the water in the tank, and stops it when the temperature difference reaches 3–5 °C.
This ensures that stored water always gains heat when the pump operates and prevents the pump from excessive cycling on and off.
This setup would be inefficient due to the equilibrium effect: as soon as heating of the tank and water begins, the heat gained is lost to the environment and this continues until the water in the tank reaches ambient temperature.
This is achieved by encasing the tank in a glass-topped box that allows heat from the sun to reach the water tank.
In a simple way one could consider an ICS solar water heater as a water tank that has been enclosed in a type of 'oven' that retains heat from the sun as well as heat of the water in the tank.
Since the amount of heat that a tank can absorb from the sun is largely dependent on the surface of the tank directly exposed to the sun, it follows that the surface size defines the degree to which the water can be heated by the sun.
Variations on this basic design include collectors that combine smaller water containers and evacuated glass tube technology, a type of ICS system known as an Evacuated Tube Batch (ETB) collector.
ETCs can be used for heating and cooling purposes in industries like pharmaceutical and drug, paper, leather and textile and also for residential houses, hospitals, nursing home, hotels, swimming pool etc.
An ETC can operate at a range of temperatures from medium to high for solar hot water, swimming pool, air conditioning and solar cooker.
ETCs higher operational temperature range (up to ) makes them suitable for industrial applications such as steam generation, heat engine and solar drying.
In cold or windy environments evacuated tubes or flat plates in an indirect configuration are used in conjunction with a heat exchanger.
A fairly simple differential temperature controller is used to direct the water to the panels or heat exchanger either by turning a valve or operating the pump.
Once the pool water has reached the required temperature, a diverter valve is used to return water directly to the pool without heating.
Many systems are configured as drainback systems where the water drains into the pool when the water pump is switched off.
Due to the low temperature difference between the air and the water, the panels are often formed collectors or unglazed flat plate collectors.
Adding solar collectors to a conventional outdoor pool, in a cold climate, can typically extend the pool's comfortable usage by months and more if an insulating pool cover is used.
When sized at 100% coverage most solar hot water systems are capable of heating a pool anywhere from as little as 4 °C for a wind-exposed pool, to as much as 10 °C for a wind-sheltered pool covered consistently with a solar pool blanket.
An active solar energy system analysis program may be used to optimize the solar pool heating system before it is built.
The amount of heat delivered by a solar water heating system depends primarily on the amount of heat delivered by the sun at a particular place (insolation).
Even at the same latitude average insolation can vary a great deal from location to location due to differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast.
Below is a table that gives a rough indication of the specifications and energy that could be expected from a solar water heating system involving some 2 m of absorber area of the collector, demonstrating two evacuated tube and three flat plate solar water heating systems.
The figures are fairly similar between the above collectors, yielding some 4 kWh/day in a temperate climate and some 8 kWh/day in a tropical climate when using a collector with a 2 m absorber.
The efficiency of evacuated tube collectors is somewhat lower than for flat plate collectors because the absorbers are narrower than the tubes and the tubes have space between them, resulting in a significantly larger percentage of inactive overall collector area.
Some methods of comparison calculate the efficiency of evacuated tube collectors based on the actual absorber area and not on the space occupied as has been done in the above table.
In sunny, warm locations, where freeze protection is not necessary, an ICS (batch type) solar water heater can be cost effective.
Payback times can vary greatly due to regional sun, extra cost due to frost protection needs of collectors, household hot water use etc.
For instance in central and southern Florida the payback period could easily be 7 years or less rather than the 12.6 years indicated on the chart for the U.S.
The source of electricity in an active SWH system determines the extent to which a system contributes to atmospheric carbon during operation.
In most systems the pumping reduces the energy savings by about 8% and the carbon savings of the solar by about 20%.
Assuming a solar collector panel delivering 4 kWh/day and a pump running intermittently from mains electricity for a total of 6 hours during a 12-hour sunny day, the potentially negative effect of such a pump can be reduced to about 3% of the heat produced.
However, PV-powered active solar thermal systems typically use a 5–30 W PV panel and a small, low power diaphragm pump or centrifugal pump to circulate the water.
LCA considers the financial and environmental costs of acquisition of raw materials, manufacturing, transport, using, servicing and disposal of the equipment.
In terms of energy consumption, some 60% goes into the tank, with 30% towards the collector (thermosiphon flat plate in this case).
In Italy, some 11 giga-joules of electricity are used in producing SWH equipment, with about 35% goes toward the tank, with another 35% towards the collector.
This figure was for a direct system, retrofitted to an existing water store, PV pumped, freeze tolerant and of 2.8 sqm aperture.
In terms of CO emissions, a large fraction of the emissions saved is dependent on the degree to which gas or electricity is used to supplement the sun.
the yearly environmental load of an average European inhabitant) in Greece, a purely gas-driven system may have fewer emissions than a solar system.
But because methane (CH) emissions from the natural gas fuel cycle dwarf the greenhouse impact of CO, the net greenhouse emissions (COe) from gas-driven systems are vastly greater than for solar heaters, especially if supplemental electricity is also from carbon-free generation.
The tested SWH system had about 20% of the impact of an electrical water heater and half that of a gas water heater.
Early general elections were held in Fiji between 17 and 24 September 1977, following the impasse of an earlier election that had been held in March.
The National Federation Party, the narrow winner of the election, had failed to form a government, owing to internal disputes, and the Governor-General, Ratu Sir George Cakobau, had called on the defeated Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, to form an interim government, pending fresh elections.
The new elections held in September resulted in a landslide win for Ratu Mara's Alliance Party (Fiji), which won an unprecedented 36 seats out of 52.
More than half of those who had voted for the Fijian Nationalist Party in March, mainly to lodge a protest vote against Ratu Mara's inclusive racial policies, returned to the Alliance in September.
A car alarm is an electronic device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to discourage theft of the vehicle itself, its contents, or both.
Car alarms work by emitting high-volume sound (often a vehicle-mounted siren, klaxon, pre-recorded verbal warning, the vehicle's own horn, or a combination of these) when the conditions necessary for triggering it are met.
Such alarms may also cause the vehicle's headlights to flash, may notify the car's owner of the incident via a paging system, and may interrupt one or more electrical circuits necessary for the car to start.
Although inexpensive to acquire and install, the effectiveness of such devices in deterring vehicle burglary or theft when their only effect is to emit sound appears to be negligible.
An early version of a car alarm for use as a theft deterrent was invented by an unknown prisoner from Denver in 1913.
Car alarms should not be confused with immobilizers; although the purpose of both may be to deter car theft, they operate in a dissimilar fashion.
An immobilizer generally will not offer any audible or visual theft deterrence, nor require any more input from the driver than from the driver of a non-immobilizer car.
Remote car alarms typically consist of an additional radio receiver that allows the owner to wirelessly control the alarm from a key fob.
On many vehicles the key cylinders in the driver or front passenger door activate switches, so that when a key is used in the door the alarm will arm or disarm.
Some vehicles will arm when the power door lock switch is pressed with the driver's door open, and the door is subsequently closed.
Some vehicles will disarm if the ignition is turned on; often when the vehicle is equipped with a key-based immobilizer and an alarm, the combination of the valid key code and the ignition disarms the system.
Usually they do not have provisions for external disarming from the key cylinder, but will typically have an override switch mounted in a hidden location.
The individual triggers for a car alarm vary widely, depending on the make and model of the vehicle, and the brand and model of the alarm itself (for aftermarket alarms).
Since aftermarket alarms are designed to be universal (i.e., compatible with all 12-volt negative ground electrical systems as opposed to one carmaker's vehicles), these commonly have trigger inputs that the installer/vehicle owner chooses not to connect, which additionally determines what will set the alarm off.
A few systems have a shock sensor which will trigger upon a significant impact to the vehicle's body, such as window glass being broken.
The most common type of sensor is a shock sensor and two wires (12-volt constant power and ground) which are connected to the car's battery.
This type of alarm is triggered by vibration transferred to the shock sensor, or by voltage changes on the input (the alarm assumes that a sudden change in voltage is due to a door or trunk being opened, or the ignition being turned on); however it is very prone to false triggers on late-model vehicles with many electronic control modules, which can draw current with the ignition off.
Typically, these alarms have inputs for power and ground, as well as for positive- and negative-switched door open circuits, negative trunk and/or hood circuits, and ignition-switched circuits to detect the ignition being turned on; aftermarket alarms also usually have a shock sensor which may be built into the control module or external to it.
A digital sensor is more accurate since it sets itself, allowing for the vehicle to be placed on a hill and not cause false triggers.
Proximity, infrared, or motion sensors sense motion inside or outside the vehicle; these are typically installed on convertible or T-top vehicles.
For example, a shock sensor will sometimes vibrate due to a loud noise in the area, or an accidental bump to the car from a passerby.
Proximity sensors can cause false alarms in parking lots when a passerby is entering or exiting a vehicle parked next to the armed car.
Although car alarms of some kind have been available since the beginning of the automobile era, the dramatic increase in their installation in the 1980s and 1990s coupled with the fact that nearly all car alarms are triggered accidentally (frequently because of high sensitivity settings) means that people who hear them often ignore them.
In 1994 the New York City Police Department claimed that car alarms may actually be making the crime problem worse, and there is one account in 1992 of a thief in New York City rocking a car to deliberately trigger its alarm in order to help conceal the sound of a breaking window.
Because of the large number of false alarms with car alarms, many vehicle manufacturers no longer factory-fit simple noise-making alarms, instead offering silent immobilizers.
Most police tracking systems require the user to pay a recurring fee, whereas factory immobilizers are included in the purchase price of the vehicle.
GPS locating systems enable the owner of the vehicle to lock and unlock, track, and disable the starter of the vehicle online.
Éamon Ó Cuív (; born 23 June 1950) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway West constituency since the 1992 general election.
However, Ó Cuív ceased to be Deputy Leader of Fianna Fáil on 29 February 2012, because of his opposition to his party's stance on the European Fiscal Compact.
Ó Cuív is the son of Brian Ó Cuív, professor of Celtic Studies at University College Dublin, and Emer de Valera, who was the last surviving daughter of Fianna Fáil founder, Taoiseach and President of Ireland, Éamon de Valera, when she died at the age of 93 in February 2012.
He is a nephew of the former TD Vivion de Valera and is a first cousin of the former Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands Minister Síle de Valera, and of Judge Aindrias Ó Caoimh.
Before entering politics, he was the manager of Gaeltacht Co-operative, a company involved in agricultural services including timber milling, tourism and cultural development.
The letter 'v' is extremely rare in Irish outside modern loanwords, not being one of the 18 letters of the Irish alphabet.
Ó Cuív first stood for election to Dáil Éireann at the 1987 general election in the Galway West constituency, where he was the last-placed of the four Fianna Fáil candidates, only two of whom were elected.
He did better in the 1989 general election, substantially increasing his share of the first-preference votes, but was the only one of the three Fianna Fáil candidates not to be elected.
His vote had increased significantly and he was elected on the first count, coming a close second for Fianna Fáil behind the Labour Party's Michael D. Higgins.
At the 1997 general election, he was again elected in second place on the first count, this time being narrowly behind his Fianna Fáil colleague Frank Fahey.
In 1994, Ó Cuív raised concern amongst some in Fianna Fáil when he suggested the possibility of a prospective conditional return to the Commonwealth of Nations as a gesture to Unionists in Northern Ireland.
In 1997, (at the start of the 28th Dáil) he was appointed Minister of State at the Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, serving under his cousin Síle de Valera, who was the senior Minister at the Department.
Ó Cuív was at the centre of a controversy surrounding the official name of An Daingean / Dingle, a small Gaeltacht town in west County Kerry.
The residents of the town held a plebiscite in November 2006, to determine which version of the town name should be used.
Ó Cuív originally signalled that he was happy to abide by the locals' decision, but then said that the name could not legally be changed back to Dingle, following advice from the Attorney General of Ireland.
In 2007, Ó Cuív again called for Ireland to return to the Commonwealth as a full member state, in light of the restoration of devolution to Northern Ireland and the meeting of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association in Belfast.
After the resignation of Tony Killeen in January 2011, Ó Cuív was also appointed as Minister for Defence, and he was also appointed Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government after John Gormley's resignation days later.
On 22 January 2011, after the resignation of Fianna Fáil leader Brian Cowen, Ó Cuív stated that he wished to be a candidate in the resulting election for the leadership of Fianna Fáil.
Ó Cuiv was the Fianna Fáil Spokesperson on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources after Fianna Fáil were ousted from power at the 2011 general election.
Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin stated that Ó Cuív would face expulsion from the parliamentary party if he did not vote with the party on the Fiscal Compact in the Dáil.
Coming just a week before their party conference, Ó Cuív's resignation caused a split down the middle of the Fianna Fáil party.
On 12 July 2012, Ó Cuív was reappointed to the Fianna Fáil front bench as Spokesperson on Agriculture and Food, and on Community Affairs.
On 8 November 2018, Ó Cuív was sacked from the Fianna Fáil front bench for unveiling a candidate in a Northern Ireland election without the party’s permission.
In 2018, he was one of 25 TDs to vote against the Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution Bill, which proposed to replace the protection of the life of the unborn inserted by the Eighth Amendment with a provision allowing the termination of pregnancy to be regulated by law.
Ó Cuív was one of 15 TDs to vote against the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Bill, which became law at the end of 2018.
St George's, University of London (legally St George's Hospital Medical School, informally St George's or SGUL), is a medical school located in Tooting in South London and is a constituent college of the University of London.
St George's has its origins in 1733, and was the second institution in England to provide formal training courses for doctors (after the University of Oxford).
St George Hospital Medical School was originally established in 1733 as part of St George's Hospital at Hyde Park Corner (now the site of The Lanesborough hotel), in central London.
A joint faculty with Kingston University, the Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, has increased the variety of allied healthcare courses offered at St George's, including Nursing, Physiotherapy, Paramedic Science and Radiography.
St George's was the first institution in the United Kingdom to offer a four-year graduate entry Medicine degree based on the programme from Flinders University, with which it has an exchange programme.
Entry to the course is highly competitive with candidates being required to sit the GAMSAT as part of the application process.
In 2008, St George's announced that it planned to merge with Royal Holloway to form a single institution within the University of London.
St George's intends to keep working with Royal Holloway in the field of health and social care along with its well-established Joint Faculty with Kingston University.
St George's, Kingston University and Royal Holloway will continue to collaborate in the field of health and social care as part of the existing SWan (South West London Academic Network) healthcare alliance.
The St George's University of London campus is located in the Tooting area of south-west London, and is co-located with St George's Hospital, a 1,300 bed major trauma centre.
Teaching facilities at the campus include clinical skills laboratories and a simulation suite allowing students to practice based on real-life situations including surgical and medical emergencies.
Previously, the Rob Lowe Sports Centre located at the St George's Hospital grounds provided sporting facilities to students and staff, including a sports hall, three squash courts, and weights and fitness rooms.
St George's offers foundation and undergraduate degrees at its site in Tooting in medical, biomedical and healthcare sciences, including: Biomedical Science BSc (Hons), Biomedical Science Foundation Degree, Healthcare Practice DipHE and BSc (Hons), Healthcare Practice Foundation Degree, Healthcare Science (Physiological Sciences) BSc (Hons), Medicine (four-year graduate stream) MBBS4, Medicine (five-year) MBBS5, and Medicine (six-year) MBBS6, Physician Associate Studies MSc.
In partnership with Kingston University, the joint Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences also offers degrees in physiotherapy, paramedic science, nursing, midwifery, social work and diagnostic or therapeutic radiography.
St George's, in partnership with INTO University Partners, has also formed a joint venture, INTO SGUL, to offer a Foundation in Medical, Biomedical and Health Sciences for international students whose qualifications do not allow direct progression into Bachelors level study in the UK, and a six-year MBBS and a four-year graduate stream MBBS programme specifically for international students, with clinical placements overseas.
Outside of the UK, the MBBS4 is also offered in Nicosia, Cyprus, through a partnership between St George's and the University of Nicosia.
St George's uses the integrated approach which involves the use of both Case Based Learning (CBL), Problem Based Learning (PBL) and a traditional style of learning with the use of lectures and tutorials.
The degree of PBL used in teaching varies between courses, for example, being a major part of the Medicine (Graduate Entry) course but not prominently within the Biomedical Sciences curriculum.
Anatomy is taught at St George's through prosections and practical within the dissecting room, with anatomical dissection being optional as part of the Summer Dissection Programme.
In the medical curriculum, preclinical teaching (first and second year in the undergraduate stream, and first year in the graduate stream) is largely based on lectures and tutorials held at the St George's campus, with a few weeks worth of attachments to various hospital departments.
The third year of the undergraduate stream and second year of the graduate stream, also known as Transitional (T) year, comprises three blocks of PBL with lectures and tutorials and three blocks of clinical placements in medicine, surgery and general practice.
Subsequent clinical years of either course are spent on clinical placements of various specialities, with teaching occurring as lecture weeks prior to each placement block, or teaching which occurs at hospital sites led by clinical staff.
Clinical placements for students on Medical degrees are mainly at St. George's Hospital, and at other sites such as Kingston Hospital, Croydon University Hospital, St Helier Hospital and Epsom General Hospital.
Other further sites, such as Frimley Park Hospital, St Peter's Hospital and Margate Hospital are sites for placements during the later years of medical school.
The St George's Students' Union (SGSU) organises various activities including fancy dress discos and a Rag Week, the annual series of fund-raising events.
In recent years the Union has become more politically aware and shown greater interest in National Union of Students and British Medical Association activities.
These 'parents' act as mentors for the new students, giving them advice about the course, often tutoring them when needed, as well as buying them drinks during Freshers' Week and beyond.
Over the years the family expands to include siblings, uncles, aunts, grandparents etc., spanning all the years of the various courses.
St George's enters a team into the British television quiz programme University Challenge each year and has previously excelled through the competition, especially in the field of medicine - unsurprisingly.
There are several societies run by students at St George's focussed on several different aspects of academia, ranging from the Henry Gray Anatomical Society, St George's Surgical Society, Clinical Neuroscience Society, Cardiology Society and Paediatrics Society.
Several clubs and societies cater to different segments of the student population, including cultural groups such as the Association of Chinese and British University Students (ABACUS), Afro-Caribbean Society or Arab Society.
St. George’s Hospital Medical School RFC is one of the oldest rugby clubs in the world having been founded in 1863.
St George's also has a number of other sports clubs including swimming, rowing, cheerleading, volleyball, fencing, football, netball, hockey and many others and participates in various competitions.
As St George's is a member of the United Hospitals, the teams also compete in separate competitions with the five other medical schools within the University of London and that of Imperial College.
In December 1986, it was discovered that a computer program used to process student applications at St. George's, written by Dr Geoffrey Franglen in 1979, had discriminated against non-Caucasians and female candidates by deliberately reducing their likelihood of being offered an interview.
A Commission for Racial Equality inquiry found that this unfairly deprived 60 candidates a year, as well as finding that various senior academics were aware that the program was discriminatory several times between 1982 and 1986.
The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are found from southern North America to South America, specifically from Mexico to northern Argentina.
Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and frugivores (subfamily Stenodermatinae and Carolliinae).
Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the vampire bats, even blood.
Both the scientific and common names derive from their often large, lance-shaped noses, greatly reduced in some of the nectar- and pollen-feeders.
Most roost in fairly small groups within caves, animal burrows, or hollow trees, although some species aggregate in colonies of several hundred individuals.
The second-most diverse group of mammals behind rodents, bats of order Chiroptera are uniquely the only group of mammals that has evolved the ability to fly.
First appearing in the Eocene epoch, they are believed to have evolved from an arboreal gliding ancestor possibly originating in South America.
The membrane that makes up the bat wing, along with the uropatagium—the membrane stretching between the legs aiding in flight stabilization—is thought to have adapted from an earlier membrane used for gliding.
The Phyllostomidae, also known as New World leaf-nosed bats, are among the most ecologically diverse mammal families, displaying more morphological variation than any other mammalian family.
This variation is measured by diversity in skull morphology and diet-related characteristics: Phyllostomidae consists of species that have evolved physical modifications for insectivory, frugivory, hematophagy, nectarivory, and omnivory.
The nose-leaf—a distinctive characteristic of the family—is thought to have evolved to reflect dietary and foraging behavior of different species of Phyllostomidae.
With an evolutionary history tracing back to the Oligocene, fossil and phylogenetic evidence suggests the family originated about 30 million years ago.
New World leaf-nosed bats are bilaterally symmetrical and endothermic mammals characterized by an elaborate outgrowth of skin on their noses, called a nose-leaf, which is believed to aid in echolocation.
Leaf-nosed bats lack a tail, have triangular-shaped ears that can have pointed or rounded tips, range in body size from 4 cm to 13.5 cm, and a wingspan up to 90 cm or more.
Like other bats, leaf-nosed bats are nocturnal foragers that use echolocation to locate food sources, though the food sources vary between species.
Many bats in the family Phyllostomidae appear to have limited reliance on echolocation, likely because frugivorous bats do not need to quickly identify flying insects like many other bats.
Nearly every roosting option present among bats is represented within this family, including species that prefer to roost alone, as well as species that roost with thousands of other individuals every day.
Leaf-nosed bats generally specialize in a particular type of diet which leads to classification in one of these groups: frugivore, nectarivore, insectivore, omnivore, or haematophagous.
However, categorizations are based only on primary consumption habits, therefore observing species that occasionally consume food items outside of their particular classifications is not uncommon.
Usually, when leaf-nosed bats consume outside of their primary dietary categorization, it is to ensure sufficient intake of nutrients that their primary food source may not provide.
To meet basic nutritional requirements, leaf-nosed bats that primarily feed on fruit and nectar must also ensure sufficient protein and fat intake by consuming insects or leaves.
Certain species with this classification capture their prey either while in flight or from foliage in trees or on the ground.
Female ovulation occurs from October through September, after the female mates, the gestation period ranges from 8–9 months with an initial 3- to 5-month diapause period when the fetus growth is slowed; this diapause period is controlled by hormones.
The female gives birth to a single pup, which has open ears, open eyes, and the first set of deciduous teeth, and is fully furred at birth.
Among species that roost in groups, some evidence exists for a social hierarchy with higher-ranking individuals gaining access to preferred areas of the site.
Apparently, young bats can learn food preferences from their mothers and when they are reluctant to leave the nest, mothers literally nudge the infants out of the roost.
Specifically, it has been found that increased agricultural activity by humans causes negative conservation effects on these habitats and as a result reduces abundance and diversity of leaf-nosed bats that live there.
This species is known to create large roosts in closed mine shafts due to their potential to provide warmth and isolation.
When humans enter the shafts or rework old mines, this disrupts the roosts of the leaf-nosed bats and has the potential to be detrimental to the population as a whole.
The Courtauld Institute of Art (), commonly referred to as The Courtauld, is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.
It is among the most prestigious institutions in the world for these disciplines and is widely known for the disproportionate number of directors of major museums drawn from its small body of alumni.
The art collection of the Institute is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery.
As of 2019, the Institute's teaching and research activities have temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site undergoes a major regeneration project.
The Institute was founded in 1932 through the philanthropic efforts of the industrialist and art collector Samuel Courtauld, the diplomat and collector Lord Lee of Fareham, and the art historian Sir Robert Witt.
The Courtauld Institute of Art is the major centre for the study of the history and conservation of art and architecture in the United Kingdom.
According to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the Courtauld hosts the highest proportion of the UK's world-leading and internationally excellent research out of all higher education institutions with 95% of research rated in the top two categories (4*/3*), 56% of which was rated in the 4* category, tied for highest in the UK with London Business School.
Several taught courses are offered at postgraduate level: master's degrees in history of art, curating the art museum, the history of Buddhist art, and the conservation of wall painting are taught alongside diploma courses in the conservation of easel paintings and the history of art.
Students in the history of art master's programme have to choose a specialisation ranging from antiquity to early modern to global contemporary artwork.
The Courtauld has two photographic libraries which started as the private collections of two benefactors: the Conway Library, covering architecture, architectural drawings, sculpture and illuminated manuscripts, named after the Lord Conway of Allington and the Witt Library, after Sir Robert Witt, covering paintings, drawings and engravings and containing over two million reproductions of works by over 70,000 artists.
In 2009, it was decided that the Witt Library would not continue to add new material to the collection, and in 2017 a mass digitisation project which will make both Witt and Conway items available online commenced as part of Courtauld Connects.
An online image collection provides access to more than 40,000 images, including paintings and drawings from the Courtauld Gallery, and over 35,000 photographs of architecture and sculpture from the Conway Library.
Two other websites and sell high resolution digital files to scholars, publishers and broadcasters, and photographic prints to a wide public audience.
The collection was begun by the founder of the Institute, Samuel Courtauld, who presented an extensive collection of mainly French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings in 1932.
It was enhanced by further gifts in the 1930s and a bequest in 1948, and has since received many significant donations and bequests.
The Courtauld Gallery is not presently open to the public, having closed on 3 September 2018 for at least two years for a major redevelopment Since 1989 it has been housed in the Strand block of Somerset House, which was the first home of the Royal Academy, founded in 1768.
These include the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the National Gallery, London; the National Portrait Gallery, London; the British Museum, London; the Tate, London; the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco; the National Gallery of Art, Washington; and the Museo del Prado, Madrid.
The paradoxical results were both a triumph and a setback for the Alliance Party of the Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara.
The Alliance captured 51.8 percent of the popular vote, only slightly down on its previous total, but won only 28 seats, 8 fewer than at the previous election of September 1977.
Part of the reason for this discrepancy was that the slight surge in support for Ratu Mara's Alliance in the Indo-Fijian community, from 14 percent to 16 percent, was not sufficient to translate into seats in Fiji's communal electoral system, and did not therefore off-set losses among the ethnic Fijian community, particularly in the west of the country.
The Western United Front of Ratu Osea Gavidi won only two seats, but split the vote, allowing the National Federation party (NFP), with which it tactically allied itself, to pick up six seats for a total of 22.
The School of Advanced Study, a postgraduate institution of the University of London, is the UK's national centre for the promotion and facilitation of research in the humanities and social sciences.
It was established in 1994 and is located in Senate House, in Bloomsbury, central London, close to the British Museum, British Library and several of the colleges of the University of London.
The School brings together nine prestigious research institutes, many of which have long and distinguished histories, to provide a wide range of specialist research services, facilities and resources.
Its nine institutes range in age; the oldest, the Institute of Historical Research, was founded in 1921; the youngest, the Institute of Philosophy, was founded in 2005.
In furtherance of their national and international role, the Institutes of the School undertake high-quality research; maintain and develop library collections and services; develop digital resources; publish journals and book series; host visiting scholars and postdoctoral fellows; organise a range of academic events including workshops, conferences, seminars and lectures; provide specialist research training and postgraduate taught, research, and doctoral programmes.
In music, a pedal point (also pedal note, organ point, pedal tone, or pedal) is a sustained tone, typically in the bass, during which at least one foreign (i.e.
When a pedal point occurs in a voice other than the bass, it is usually referred to as an inverted pedal point (see inversion).
The pedal tone is considered a chord tone in the original harmony, then a nonchord tone during the intervening dissonant harmonies, and then a chord tone again when the harmony resolves.
A dissonant pedal point may go against all harmonies present during its duration, being almost more like an added tone than a nonchord tone, or pedal points may serve as atonal pitch centers.
The term comes from the organ for its ability to sustain a note indefinitely and the tendency for such notes to be played on an organ's pedal keyboard.
The pedal keyboard on an organ is played by the feet; as such, the organist can hold down a pedal point for lengthy periods while both hands perform higher-register music on the manual keyboards.
An internal pedal is a pedal that is similar to the inverted pedal, except that it is played in the middle register between the bass and the upper voices.
A pedal point may be a nonchord tone and thus required to resolve, unlike a drone, or a pedal point may simply be a shorter drone, a drone being a longer pedal point.
Fugues often conclude with figures written over a bass pedal point: Pedal points are also used in other polyphonic compositions to strengthen a final cadence, signal important structural points in the composition, and for their dramatic effect.
Another method of producing a pedal point on the harpsichord is to repeat the pedal point note (or its octave) on every beat.
The rarely seen pedal harpsichord, a harpsichord with a pedal keyboard, makes it easier to perform repeated bass notes on the harpsichord, since both hands are still free to play on the upper manual keyboards.
In this prelude, the repeated bass A that pervades the outer section becomes, through an enharmonic change, a G in the minor key middle section, where it moves from the bass to the top part.
Pedal points for orchestral music are often performed by the double basses with the bow, which creates a sustained, organ-like bass tone underneath the changing harmonies in the upper voices.
A long crescendo begins as the note B natural, which has been present as a subdued pedal point throughout the scene, is now taken up by the kettledrums.
In an ii-V-I progression, some jazz musicians play a V pedal note under all three chords, or under the first two chords.
In small combo jazz or jazz fusion groups, the double bass player or Hammond organist may also introduce a pedal point (usually on the tonic or the dominant) in a tune that does not explicitly request a pedal point, to add tension and interest.
Thrash metal in particular makes abundant use a muted low E string (or lower, if other tunings are used) as a pedal point.
A pannier is a basket, bag, box, or similar container, carried in pairs either slung over the back of a beast of burden, or attached to the sides of a bicycle or motorcycle.
For horse packing, and when carrying particularly heavy loads on other animals they are supported by a pack saddle to distribute weight more evenly across the back of the animal.
The most common setup is to use a pair of smaller panniers (10 to 15 liters each) mounted on a low rider and a pair of larger ones on the rear carrier (20 to 30 liters each).
Commuters who bicycle have pannier options designed to hold laptop computers, files and folders, changes of clothes or shoes and lunches.
Bicycle panniers are usually made of nylon or other synthetic fabric that can be stitched, or, in the case of waterproof panniers, welded together.
The shape of the pannier may be enforced by a frame or stiffening panel made of plastic or metal to help keep it in place and prevent it from contacting a wheel.
Removable panniers hook onto the top edge of the rack and are often held in place by a latch or elastic mechanism.
She was launched on 22 June 1967, sponsored by Miss Lori Brinker, the daughter of Lieutenant Commander Robert Brinker, who was commanding officer of the previous when she was lost with all hands in September 1943 during World War II.
Her scrapping via the U.S. Navys Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard at Bremerton, Washington, was completed on 31 March 1998.
Shoaib Akhtar (; born 13 August 1975) is a Pakistani cricket commentator, YouTuber, and former cricketer who played all formats of the game over a fourteen year career.
Akhtar made his Test debut in November 1997 as an opening fast bowler and played his first One Day International three months later.
Akhtar has been involved in several controversies during his career, often accused of unsportsmanlike conduct, despite his commendations for significantly impacting games in Pakistan's favour.
In October 2008, the Lahore High Court in Pakistan suspended the five-year ban and Akhtar was selected in the 15-man squad for the Twenty20 Quadrangular Tournament in Canada.
A good student, Akhtar was admitted to the Asghar Mall College, but disrupted his studies to attend trials for the PIA team's Karachi division to be held in Lahore.
After some struggle, starting his List A career during the 1993/1994 season and his First-class career during the 1994/1995 one, he caught the eye of Majid Khan, then the chief executive of the PCB, and after a good performance for the Pakistan A team's tour of England, in 1996, he was rewarded his maiden Test cap against the West Indies, in 1997.
He was first picked to play on his home ground in Rawalpindi during the 2nd Test of the West Indies 1997/98 tour of Pakistan.
He was subsequently included in the tour of South Africa during the winter of 1998, where he played in all three Tests.
He was notably the spearhead of a depleted Pakistani bowling attack in the Peshawar Test against the visiting Australians later in 1998, where Mark Taylor scored his famous unbeaten 334 in Australia's first innings.
However he performed poorly during the 2003 Cricket World Cup and after the tournament he was dropped from the Pakistan squad.
He was selected back into the Pakistan squad as they had no choice in the 2004 Test match series against New Zealand, but struggled in a losing Test series against India in 2004.
The series ended with a controversy when he left the field citing an injury leading to suspicions by former Pakistan captain, Inzamam-ul-Haq, about his commitment to the team.
A medical panel was set up by the Pakistan Cricket Board to investigate the nature of his injury, however Pakistan officials dispelled all suspicions.
His comeback was also remarkable as prior to his return, he had been criticised from all corners; such as by the Worcestershire chairman John Elliot for his celebrity attitude and lack of commitment to the team.
On 29 October 2007, Akhtar made his return to cricket, from his 13 match ban and performed well, taking 4 wickets for 43 runs against South Africa in the fifth and deciding One Day International series in Lahore in Pakistan.
Subsequently, he was included in the 16-man Pakistan squad for the 2007 tour of India, which again he underperformed in 2007 series against India.
On 15 June 2010, Akhtar made his return, taking 3 wickets for 28 runs in the first match of the Asia Cup against Sri Lanka.
In July 2010, he was selected for the Twenty20 series against Australia but the selectors decided not to play him in the Test squad so that he would not get injured.
He continued to bowl well in the ODI series in the absence of regular fast-bowlers, Mohammad Asif and Mohammad Amir, who were suspended by the International Cricket Council amid allegations of Spot-fixing.
Despite his relatively good bowling form, Pakistani coach Waqar Younis insisted that the bowling attack must not become reliant on Akhtar, as he is 35 years of age and fitness troubles continue to affect him.
Akhtar was selected for the tour of New Zealand and started his campaign off well with 3 wickets on Boxing Day in the first of two Twenty20 Internationals against New Zealand.
Akhtar was selected in Pakistan's 15-man squad to play in the 2011 World Cup hosted by Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka in February to March.
Akhtar has played for three English county cricket clubs: Somerset in 2001, Durham in 2003 and 2004 and Worcestershire in 2005.
He did achieve his moments of success, such as taking 5 wickets for 35 runs for Durham against Somerset in the National League in 2003 and claiming 6 wickets for 16 runs in the same competition for Worcestershire against Gloucestershire two years later, but he suffered from fitness problems, as well as a perception that he was less than interested in his task.
Akhtar made a successful return to cricket in his first game in the Indian Premier League, playing for the Kolkata Knight Riders against the Delhi Daredevils.
Defending a low score of 133 runs, Akhtar took four top order wickets which ultimately led to the Daredevils being restricted to 110 runs.
He ended with figures of 4 wickets for 11 runs from three overs, a performance which earned him the player of the match award.
After a poor performance in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, he got involved in a verbal conflict with former Pakistan captain and fast bowler Waqar Younis.
In a triangular series in 2003 held in Sri Lanka, he was caught ball tampering making him the second player in cricket to be banned on ball tampering charges.
The same year he was banned for one Test match and two One Day International matches for abusing South African spin bowler Paul Adams, during a match against South Africa.
In the 2004 home series with India, he struggled with wrist and back injuries, which raised questions about his commitment to the team.
He was sent back from the 2005 Australia tour with a hamstring injury amid rumours of indiscipline, lack of commitment and attitudinal complaints.
The rest of his cricketing career was riddled with ankle and knee injuries which forced him to undergo a surgery in February 2006, until finally he was banned for two years for allegedly using performance-enhancing drugs.
In November 2006, an officer assigned to the Pakistan team in India, Anil Kaul, alleged that Akhtar had slapped former coach Bob Woolmer following a fight over the music to be played in the team bus on the eve of ICC Champions Trophy.
On 16 October 2006 Akhtar was suspended by the Pakistan Cricket Board, along with Mohammed Asif after they tested positive for a performance-enhancing substance nandrolone.
Former Pakistan captain Inzamam ul-Haq had also previously complained about Akhtar's drug abuse but was not reported to the Pakistan Cricket Board.
On 1 November 2006 the Pakistan Cricket Board handed down a two-year suspension to Akhtar and a one-year suspension to Asif, banning them from professional cricket during the period.
After a clear hearing from Akhtar's lawyer Abid Hassan Minto, the three-man committee, voted two to one in favour of the acquittal.
Other established facts by the committee included that the duo were not aware of the banned drug to be present in their supplements because the Pakistan Cricket Board itself had not informed them of the dangers of contaminated supplements.
Akhtar and Asif, however, did not play in the subsequent Test match series against the West Indies because the Pakistan Cricket Board had recommended that they play domestic games first to recover form and fitness.
On 1 March 2007 Akhtar and Asif were ruled out of the Pakistani squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup by team officials, minutes before the squad was to depart for the West Indies.
The team management along with the Pakistan Cricket Board said their injuries were too severe to risk taking them to the Caribbean.
World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA) challenged Pakistan's decision to lift bans on fast bowlers Akhtar and Asif by taking the case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland.
On 2 July 2007, the Court of Arbitration for Sport dropped the case, ruling it had no jurisdiction to challenge the decision made by PCB.
In August 2007, Akhtar was reported to have used foul language against Pakistan Cricket Board protesting the imposing of fine of Rs.
In the week before the inaugural World Twenty20, held in South Africa, Akhtar was rumoured to have hit Pakistani teammate Mohammad Asif with a bat after an argument in the dressing room.
After the initial inquiry, Akhtar was found to be at fault and was subsequently recalled from the Twenty20 World Cup squad and was sent home.
Despite the ban not preventing him from playing in the Indian Premier League, the IPL governing council decided not to allow Akhtar to play in the tournament until the end of the ban or unless it is lifted.
A three-man appellate tribunal announced on 30 April that they had temporarily upheld Akhtar's five-year ban, deciding to revist the appeal hearing in June.
On 4 May, the Pakistan Cricket Board's appellate tribunal suspended the five-year ban for one month, until they reconvene on 4 June, allowing Akhtar to take part in the ongoing Indian Premier League.
A day later, the Pakistan Cricket Board announced that they will no longer pursue the defamation suit following a reconciliation between Akhtar and chairman Nasim Ashraf at the house of Rehman Malik, a key political official, in Islamabad.
On 4 September 2008, Akhtar was sent back home from Heathrow airport by British immigration officials on visa grounds; Akhtar only had a visit visa but not a working visa, which is required to play in county cricket.
The Alliance Party (Fiji) of the longtime Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, was defeated by a multiracial coalition, consisting of the Fiji Labour Party (contesting the election for the first time), the Indo-Fijian-dominated National Federation Party, and two smaller parties, the Western United Front and the Fiji Nationalist Party.
In the House of Representatives, the coalition won a total of 28 seats to the Alliance's 24, and Dr Timoci Bavadra, the leader of the coalition, became Prime Minister.
(Fiji then had a complex voting system, allocating ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians 22 seats each, with a further 8 reserved for Europeans, Chinese, and other minorities.
Only six ethnic Fijians, including Dr Bavadra, were appointed to the new cabinet, as opposed to seven Into-Fijians and minority representatives.
Effective Indo-Fijian domination of the government caused widespread resentment among the ethnic Fijian community, and after less than a month in office, the new government was deposed in on 14 May 1987 in a coup d'état led by Lieutenant-Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka.
Preferred stock (also called preferred shares, preference shares or simply preferreds) is a form of stock which may have any combination of features not possessed by common stock including properties of both an equity and a debt instrument, and is generally considered a hybrid instrument.
Preferred stocks are senior (i.e., higher ranking) to common stock, but subordinate to bonds in terms of claim (or rights to their share of the assets of the company) and may have priority over common stock (ordinary shares) in the payment of dividends and upon liquidation.
The rating for preferred stocks is generally lower than for bonds because preferred dividends do not carry the same guarantees as interest payments from bonds and because preferred-stock holders' claims are junior to those of all creditors.
The preference does not assure the payment of dividends, but the company must pay the stated dividends on preferred stock before or at the same time as any dividends on common stock.
A cumulative preferred requires that if a company fails to pay a dividend (or pays less than the stated rate), it must make up for it at a later time in order to ever pay common-stock dividends again.
The above list (which includes several customary rights) is not comprehensive; preferred shares (like other legal arrangements) may specify nearly any right conceivable.
Preferred shares in the U.S. normally carry a call provision, enabling the issuing corporation to repurchase the share at its (usually limited) discretion.
Preferred stocks offer a company an alternative form of financing—for example through pension-led funding; in some cases, a company can defer dividends by going into arrears with little penalty or risk to its credit rating, however, such action could have a negative impact on the company meeting the terms of its financing contract.
Occasionally companies use preferred shares as means of preventing hostile takeovers, creating preferred shares with a poison pill (or forced-exchange or conversion features) which are exercised upon a change in control.
Some corporations contain provisions in their charters authorizing the issuance of preferred stock whose terms and conditions may be determined by the board of directors when issued.
Therefore, when preferred shares are first issued their governing document may contain protective provisions preventing the issuance of new preferred shares with a senior claim.
Individual series of preferred shares may have a senior, pari-passu (equal), or junior relationship with other series issued by the same corporation.
Preferred shares are more common in private or pre-public companies, where it is useful to distinguish between the control of and the economic interest in the company.
On the other hand, the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange prohibits listed companies from having more than one class of capital stock.
A company raising Venture capital or other funding may undergo several rounds of financing, with each round receiving separate rights and having a separate class of preferred stock.
An additional advantage of issuing preferred shares to investors but common shares to employees is the ability to retain a lower 409(a) valuation for common shares, and thus a lower strike price for incentive stock options.
Straight preferreds are issued in perpetuity (although some are subject to call by the issuer, under certain conditions) and pay a stipulated dividend rate to the holder.
Like a bond, a straight preferred does not participate in future earnings and dividend growth of the company, or growth in the price of the common stock.
However, a bond has greater security than the preferred and has a maturity date at which the principal is to be repaid.
However, the potential increase in the market price of the common (and its dividends, paid from future growth of the company) is lacking for the preferred.
One advantage of the preferred to its issuer is that the preferred receives better equity credit at rating agencies than straight debt (since it is usually perpetual).
Also, certain types of preferred stock qualify as Tier 1 capital; this allows financial institutions to satisfy regulatory requirements without diluting common shareholders.
If an investor paid par ($100) today for a typical straight preferred, such an investment would give a current yield of just over six percent.
If, in a few years, 10-year Treasuries were to yield more than 13 percent to maturity (as they did in 1981) these preferreds would yield at least 13 percent; since the rate of dividend is fixed, this would reduce their market price to $46, a 54-percent loss.
The difference between straight preferreds and Treasuries (or any investment-grade Federal-agency or corporate bond) is that the bonds would move up to par as their maturity date approaches; however, the straight preferred (having no maturity date) might remain at these $40 levels (or lower) for a long time.
Advantages of straight preferreds may include higher yields and—in the U.S. at least—tax advantages; they yield about 2 percent more than 10-year Treasuries, rank ahead of common stock in case of bankruptcy and dividends are taxable at a maximum rate of 15% rather than at ordinary-income rates (as with bond interest).
Preferred shares represent a significant portion of Canadian capital markets, with over C$11.2 billion in new preferred shares issued in 2016.
Many Canadian issuers are financial organizations which may count capital raised in the preferred-share market as Tier 1 capital (provided that the shares issued are perpetual).
Preferential tax treatment of dividend income (as opposed to interest income) may, in many cases, result in a greater after-tax return than might be achieved with bonds.
By transferring common shares in exchange for fixed-value preferred shares, business owners can allow future gains in the value of the business to accrue to others (such as a discretionary trust).
The rights of holders of preference shares in Germany are usually rather similar to those of ordinary shares, except for some dividend preference and no voting right in many topics of shareholders' meetings.
If the vote passes, German law requires consensus with preferred stockholders to convert their stock (which is usually encouraged by offering a one-time premium to preferred stockholders).
Industry stock indices usually do not consider preferred stock in determining the daily trading volume of a company's stock; for example, they do not qualify the company for a listing due to a low trading volume in common stocks.
Dated preferred shares (normally having an original maturity of at least five years) may be included in Lower Tier 2 capital.
In the United States, the issuance of publicly listed preferred stock is generally limited to financial institutions, REITs and public utilities.
Because in the U.S. dividends on preferred stock are not tax-deductible at the corporate level (in contrast to interest expense), the effective cost of capital raised by preferred stock is significantly greater than issuing the equivalent amount of debt at the same interest rate.
With the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010, TRuPS will be phased out as a vehicle for raising Tier 1 capital by bank holding companies.
However, with a qualified dividend tax rate of 23.8% (compared to a top ordinary interest marginal tax rate of 40.8%), $1 of dividend income taxed at this rate provides the same after-tax income as approximately $1.30 in interest income.
The size of the preferred stock market in the United States has been estimated as $100 billion (), compared to $9.5 trillion for equities and US$4.0 trillion for bonds.
The main, and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar.
If there is a bottom layer, it often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive biscuits), graham crackers, pastry, or sometimes sponge cake.
Additional flavors and visual appeal may be added by topping the finished pie with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, cookies, fruit sauce, chocolate syrup, or other toppings.
An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.
People who classify it as a torte point to the presence of many eggs, which are the sole source of leavening, as a key factor.
For others, the overall structure, with the separate crust, the soft filling, and the absence of flour, is compelling evidence that it is a custard pie.
The United States has several different recipes for cheesecake and this usually depends on the region in which the cake was baked, as well as the cultural background of the person baking it.
The origins of the London College of Fashion are in three early London trade schools for women: the Shoreditch Technical Institute Girls School, founded in 1906; the Barrett Street Trade School, founded in 1915; and the Clapham Trade School, founded in 1927.
All were set up by the technical education board of the London County Council to train skilled labour for trades including dressmaking, millinery, embroidery, women's tailoring and hairdressing; to these, furriery and men's tailoring were later added.
Graduates of the schools found work either in the garment factories of the East End, or in the skilled dressmaking and fashion shops of the West End of London.
Barrett Street Trade School became Barrett Street Technical College, and the Shoreditch and Clapham schools were merged to form Shoreditch College for the Garment Trades.
In 1986 the London College of Fashion became part of the London Institute, which was formed by the Inner London Education Authority to bring together seven London art, design, fashion and media schools.
The London Institute became a legal entity in 1988, could award taught degrees from 1993, was granted University status in 2003 and was renamed University of the Arts London in 2004.
In August 2000 Cordwainers College, a specialist school for leather-working, shoemaking and saddlery, was merged with the London College of Fashion.
The students participating in this course used cutting-edge technology like mixed reality, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence for fashion innovation related to industry and consumer needs.
Other campuses are at 272 High Holborn; 40 Lime Grove in Shepherd's Bush, and, in East London: 182 Mare Street (which was formerly home to the Lady Eleanor Holles School before it relocated to Hampton,); 100 Curtain Road (Old Street) and Golden Lane (Old Street).
The London College of Fashion is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, with Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, Chelsea College of Art and Design, London College of Communication and Wimbledon College of Art.
It was founded in 1894 as the Northampton Institute, and became a university when The City University was created by royal charter in 1966.
The Inns of Court School of Law, which merged with City in 2001, was established in 1852, making it the University's oldest constituent part.
City joined the federal University of London on 1 September 2016, becoming part of the eighteen colleges and ten research institutes that make up that university.
The university has its main campus in Central London in the London Borough of Islington, with additional campuses in Islington, the City, the West End and East End.
The annual income of the institution for 2016–17 was £227.0 million, of which £11.6 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £221.4 million.
It is organised into five schools, within which there are around forty academic departments and centres, including the Department of Journalism, the Cass Business School, and City Law School which incorporates the Inns of Court School of Law.
City, University of London is a founding member of the WC2 University Network, a network of universities developed with the goal of bringing together leading universities located in the heart of major world cities in order to address cultural, environmental and political issues of common interest to world cities and their universities.
Alumni of City include a Founding Father, members of Parliament of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister's of the United Kingdom, governors, politicians and CEO's.
City University traces its origin to the Northampton Institute, established in 1852 and named after the Marquess of Northampton who donated the land on which the institute was built, between Northampton Square and St John Street in Islington.
Arthur George Cocksedge, a British gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, was a member of the Northampton Polytechnic Institute's Gymnastics Club and was Champion of the United Kingdom in 1920.
The Handley Page Type A, the first powered aircraft designed and built by him, ended up as an instructional airframe at the school.
The six original departments at the institute were Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering; Artistic Crafts; Domestic Economy and Women's Trades; Electro-Chemistry; Horology (the science of time and art of clock-making); and Mechanical Engineering and Metal Trades.
The Institute had been involved in aeronautics education since that year, and the School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences celebrated the centenary of aeronautics at City in 2009.
The Apollo 15 astronauts visited City in 1971, and presented the Vice-Chancellor, Tait, with a piece of heat shield from the Apollo 15 rocket.
In October 1995, it was announced that City University would merge with both the St Bartholomew School of Nursing & Midwifery and the Charterhouse College of Radiography, doubling the number of students in City's Institute of Health Sciences to around 2,500.
Following a donation from Sir John Cass's Foundation, a multimillion-pound building was built at 106 Bunhill Row for the Cass Business School.
A new £23 million building to house the School of Social Sciences and the Department of Language and Communication Science was opened in 2004.
The reconstruction and redevelopment of the university's Grade II listed college building (following the fire in 2001) was completed in July 2006.
In January 2010, premises were shared with the University of East Anglia (UEA) London, following City's partnership with INTO University Partnerships.
In April 2011, it was announced that the current halls of residence and Saddler's Sports Centre will be closed and demolished for rebuilding in June 2011.
In September 2016 City University, London became a member institution of the federal University of London and changed its name to City, University of London.
In the financial year ended 31 July 2011, City had a total income (including share of joint ventures) of £178.6 million (2008/09 – £174.4 million) and total expenditure of £183.62 million (2008/09 – £178.82 million).
Key sources of income included £39.58 million from Funding Council grants (2008/09 – £39.52 million), £116.91 million from tuition fees and education contracts (2008/09 – £104.39 million), £7.86 million from research grants and contracts (2008/09 – £9.29 million), £1.04 from endowment and investment income (2008/09 – £1.83 million) and £15.05 million from other income (2008/09 – £19.37 million).
At year end, City had reserves and endowments of £112.89 million (2009/10 – £110.05 million) and total net assets of £147.64 million (2008/09 – £147.27 million).
City, University of London, offers Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctoral degrees as well as certificates and diplomas at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
More than two-thirds of City's programmes are recognised by the appropriate professional bodies such as the BCS, BPS, CILIP, ICE, RICS, HPC etc.
The City Law School offers courses for undergraduates, postgraduates, master graduates and professional courses leading to qualification as a solicitor or barrister, as well as continuing professional development.
The Department of Radiography (part of the School of Community and Health Sciences) offers two radiography degrees, the BSc (Hons) Radiography (Diagnostic Imaging) and BSc (Hons) Radiography (Radiotherapy and Oncology), both of which are recognised by the Health Professions Council (HPC).
Queen Mary, University of London, and City, University of London, were jointly awarded Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL) status by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) in recognition of their work in skills training for 3,000 students across six healthcare professions.
City has also joined forces with other universities such as Queen Mary and the Institute of Education (both part of the University of London) with which it jointly delivers several leading degree programmes.
It was established in 2004 to foster collaboration and to promote and support the exchange of knowledge between the consortium's partners and London's arts and cultural sectors.
The nine institutions involved are: University of the Arts London; Birkbeck, University of London; City, University of London; The Courtauld Institute of Art; Goldsmiths, University of London; Guildhall School of Music & Drama; King's College London; Queen Mary, University of London, and Royal Holloway, University of London.
City is a founding member of the WC2 University Network, a network of universities developed with the goal of bringing together leading universities located in the heart of major world cities in order to address cultural, environmental and political issues of common interest to world cities and their universities.
In addition to City, University of London, the founding members of WC2 members are: City University of New York, Technische Universität Berlin, Universidade de São Paulo, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Politecnico di Milano, University of Delhi, Northeastern University Boston and Tongji University.
City was selected as the sole British university to take part in the selective Erasmus Mundus MULTI programme, funded by the European Commission to promote scientific exchange between Europe and the industrialised countries of South-East Asia.
In addition to City, the partner universities are: Aix-Marseille University (France), Univerzita Karlova v Praze (Czech Republic), Freie Universität Berlin (Germany), Universität des Saarlandes (Germany), Università di Pisa (Italy), Universidad de Sevilla (Spain), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hong Kong, SAR China), Universiti Brunei Darussalam (Brunei), University of Macau (Macau, SAR China), Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), and National Taiwan University (Taiwan).
City was invited to join the partnership in recognition of its expertise in nursing, allied health, health services research and evaluation and health management.
The City Students' Union is run primarily by students through three elected sabbatical officers, an executive committee and a union council, with oversight by a trustee board.
City currently has two student-run media outlets, including Carrot Radio, which was co-founded by journalism postgraduates Jordan Gass-Poore' and Winston Lo in the fall of 2018.
For a number of years, City students have taken part in the annual Lord Mayor's Show, representing the university in one of the country's largest and liveliest parades.
City ranked 7th out of the 168 universities surveyed in the 2016 People & Planet league table of the most sustainable UK universities.
It was the highest ranking University of London institution, and one of only two in the top twenty (LSE being 14th).
It also noted nearly £1m of research funding into renewables since 2001 with just £64k of total funding from fossil fuel companies; and no honorary degrees or board positions held by fossil fuel executives.
City University's Bastwick Street Halls of Residence in Islington was the first home of the MasterChef kitchen following its 2005 revival.
It is named after prince Guillermo Pío de Saboya, a member of the Pio di Savoia family, whose wife Juana de Moura owned property there.
The Madrilene rebels who fought the Napoleonic invaders were executed there on the morning of 3 May 1808, as painted by Francisco de Goya.
The former location of the barracks is now the site of the Temple of Debod, a Nubian temple given by the Egyptian government to Spain in gratitude for Spanish help in saving antiquities during the building of the Aswan Dam.
These activities include production of conventional, alternative and renewable sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted.
Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues.
Energy resources may be classified as primary resources, where the resource can be used in substantially its original form, or as secondary resources, where the energy source must be converted into a more conveniently usable form.
Non-renewable resources are significantly depleted by human use, whereas renewable resources are produced by ongoing processes that can sustain indefinite human exploitation.
Energy resources may be classified as primary resources, suitable for end use without conversion to another form, or secondary resources, where the usable form of energy required substantial conversion from a primary source.
Examples of primary energy resources are wind power, solar power, wood fuel, fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, and uranium.
Examples are hydroelectric power or wind power, when the natural phenomena that are the primary source of energy are ongoing and not depleted by human demands.
Non-renewable resources are those that are significantly depleted by human usage and that will not recover their potential significantly during human lifetimes.
An example of a non-renewable energy source is coal, which does not form naturally at a rate that would support human use.
Heat from burning fossil fuel is used either directly for space heating and process heating, or converted to mechanical energy for vehicles, industrial processes, or electrical power generation.
Liquid fuels derived from petroleum deliver a great deal of usable energy per unit of weight or volume, which is advantageous when compared with lower energy density sources such as a battery.
While the processes that created fossil fuels are ongoing, fuels are consumed far more quickly than the natural rate of replenishment.
Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or work.
The fuel economy is the energy efficiency of a particular vehicle, is given as a ratio of distance travelled per unit of fuel consumed.
In 2010, it was estimated that an investment in non-renewable resources of $8 trillion would be required to maintain current levels of production for 25 years.
Fossil fuels are also a source of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to concerns about global warming if consumption is not reduced.
Other emissions from fossil fuel power station include sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOC), mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and other heavy metals including traces of uranium.
Nuclear power plants, excluding naval reactors, provided about 5.7% of the world's energy and 13% of the world's electricity in 2012.
In 2013, the IAEA report that there are 437 operational nuclear power reactors, in 31 countries, although not every reactor is producing electricity.
As of 2013, attaining a net energy gain from sustained nuclear fusion reactions, excluding natural fusion power sources such as the Sun, remains an ongoing area of international physics and engineering research.
Proponents, such as the World Nuclear Association, the IAEA and Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy contend that nuclear power is a safe, sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions.
Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl disaster (1986), Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), and the Three Mile Island accident (1979).
In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, analysis has determined that nuclear power has caused less fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy generation.
Energy production from coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused a greater number of fatalities per unit of energy generated due to air pollution and energy accident effects.
Nuclear power is a low carbon power generation method of producing electricity, with an analysis of the literature on its total life cycle emission intensity finding that it is similar to renewable sources in a comparison of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions per unit of energy generated.
Since the 1970s, nuclear fuel has displaced about 64 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent(GtCO2-eq) greenhouse gases, that would have otherwise resulted from the burning of oil, coal or natural gas in fossil-fuel power stations.
As of 2012, according to the IAEA, worldwide there were 68 civil nuclear power reactors under construction in 15 countries, approximately 28 of which in the People's Republic of China (PRC), with the most recent nuclear power reactor, as of May 2013, to be connected to the electrical grid, occurring on February 17, 2013 in Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant in the PRC.
Japan's 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, which occurred in a reactor design from the 1960s, prompted a rethink of nuclear safety and nuclear energy policy in many countries.
Following Fukushima, in 2011 the International Energy Agency halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035.
Recent experiments in extraction of uranium use polymer ropes that are coated with a substance that selectively absorbs uranium from seawater.
Since ongoing geologic processes carry uranium to the sea in amounts comparable to the amount that would be extracted by this process, in a sense the sea-borne uranium becomes a sustainable resource.
The economics of new nuclear power plants is a controversial subject, since there are diverging views on this topic, and multibillion-dollar investments ride on the choice of an energy source.
In recent years there has been a slowdown of electricity demand growth and financing has become more difficult, which affects large projects such as nuclear reactors, with very large upfront costs and long project cycles which carry a large variety of risks.
In Eastern Europe, a number of long-established projects are struggling to find finance, notably Belene in Bulgaria and the additional reactors at Cernavoda in Romania, and some potential backers have pulled out.
To date all operating nuclear power plants were developed by state-owned or regulated utility monopolies where many of the risks associated with construction costs, operating performance, fuel price, and other factors were borne by consumers rather than suppliers.
Many countries have now liberalized the electricity market where these risks, and the risk of cheaper competitors emerging before capital costs are recovered, are borne by plant suppliers and operators rather than consumers, which leads to a significantly different evaluation of the economics of new nuclear power plants.
Costs are likely to go up for currently operating and new nuclear power plants, due to increased requirements for on-site spent fuel management and elevated design basis threats.
While first of their kind designs, such as the EPRs under construction are behind schedule and over-budget, of the seven South Korean APR-1400s presently under construction worldwide, two are in S.Korea at the Hanul Nuclear Power Plant and four are at the largest nuclear station construction project in the world as of 2016, in the United Arab Emirates at the planned Barakah nuclear power plant.
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.
Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
About 16% of global final energy consumption presently comes from renewable resources, with 10% of all energy from traditional biomass, mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity.
At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply.
Wind power, for example, is growing at the rate of 30% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 282,482 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2012.
Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.
While many renewable energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development.
United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity.
In 2015 hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity and is expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.
China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use.
There are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.
The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.
Hydro is also a flexible source of electricity since plants can be ramped up and down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands.
However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and wildlife.
Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide than fossil fuel powered energy plants.
Global wind power capacity has expanded rapidly to 336 GW in June 2014, and wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly.
Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark, 18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, 14% in Ireland, and 9% in Germany in 2010.
Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy.
Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.
It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise.
Photovoltaics (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
Due to the increased demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years.
By the end of 2018, a total of 505 GW had been installed worldwide with 100 GW installed in that year.
Driven by advances in technology and increases in manufacturing scale and sophistication, the cost of photovoltaics has declined steadily since the first solar cells were manufactured, and the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) from PV is competitive with conventional electricity sources in an expanding list of geographic regions.
Net metering and financial incentives, such as preferential feed-in tariffs for solar-generated electricity, have supported solar PV installations in many countries.
Moreover, the payback time decreased in the recent years due to a number of improvements such as solar cell efficiency and more economic manufacturing processes.
Installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming and grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building (either building-integrated photovoltaics or simply rooftop).
These fuels are made by a biomass conversion (biomass refers to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials).
This biomass can be converted to convenient energy containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion.
Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn or sugarcane.
Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources, such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production.
Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions.
Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a diesel additive to reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles.
In 2010, worldwide biofuel production reached 105 billion liters (28 billion gallons US), up 17% from 2009, and biofuels provided 2.7% of the world's fuels for road transport, a contribution largely made up of ethanol and biodiesel.
Global ethanol fuel production reached 86 billion liters (23 billion gallons US) in 2010, with the United States and Brazil as the world's top producers, accounting together for 90% of global production.
As of 2011, mandates for blending biofuels exist in 31 countries at the national level and in 29 states or provinces.
The International Energy Agency has a goal for biofuels to meet more than a quarter of world demand for transportation fuels by 2050 to reduce dependence on petroleum and coal.
The geothermal energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%).
The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.
The high temperature and pressure in Earth's interior cause some rock to melt and solid mantle to behave plastically, resulting in portions of mantle convecting upward since it is lighter than the surrounding rock.
From hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation.
An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications in 2010.
Geothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries.
Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation.
Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels.
As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.
The Earth's geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity's energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited.
Pilot programs like EWEB's customer opt in Green Power Program show that customers would be willing to pay a little more for a renewable energy source like geothermal.
But as a result of government assisted research and industry experience, the cost of generating geothermal power has decreased by 25% over the past two decades.
Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes referred to as ocean energy, ocean power, or marine and hydrokinetic energy) refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides, salinity, and ocean temperature differences.
Offshore wind power is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from the wind, even if the wind turbines are placed over water.
The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand.
At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply.
Mark Z. Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050.
Smil and Hansen are concerned about the variable output of solar and wind power, but Amory Lovins argues that the electricity grid can cope, just as it routinely backs up nonworking coal-fired and nuclear plants with working ones.
The project was cancelled after concluding that a best-case scenario for rapid advances in renewable energy could only result in emissions 55 percent below the fossil fuel projections for 2050.
Although increasing the efficiency of energy use is not energy development per se, it may be considered under the topic of energy development since it makes existing energy sources available to do work.
According to the International Energy Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third, and help control global emissions of greenhouse gases.
In many countries energy efficiency is also seen to have a national security benefit because it can be used to reduce the level of energy imports from foreign countries and may slow down the rate at which domestic energy resources are depleted.
Electricity grids are the networks used to transmit and distribute power from production source to end user, when the two may be hundreds of kilometres away.
Industrialised countries such as Canada, the US, and Australia are among the highest per capita consumers of electricity in the world, which is possible thanks to a widespread electrical distribution network.
Wireless power transfer is a process whereby electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load that does not have a built-in power source, without the use of interconnecting wires.
The proposed method involves creating a large beam of microwave-frequency radio waves, which would be aimed at a collector antenna site on the Earth.
Some technologies provide only short-term energy storage, and others can be very long-term such as power to gas using hydrogen or methane and the storage of heat or cold between opposing seasons in deep aquifers or bedrock.
A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this case mechanical, in the spring tension), a battery stores readily convertible chemical energy to operate a mobile phone, and a hydroelectric dam stores energy in a reservoir as gravitational potential energy.
Ice storage tanks store ice (thermal energy in the form of latent heat) at night to meet peak demand for cooling.
Fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by organisms that later died, became buried and over time were then converted into these fuels.
Even food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form.
Since prehistory, when humanity discovered fire to warm up and roast food, through the Middle Ages in which populations built windmills to grind the wheat, until the modern era in which nations can get electricity splitting the atom.
Except nuclear, geothermal and tidal, all other energy sources are from current solar isolation or from fossil remains of plant and animal life that relied upon sunlight.
Geothermal power from hot, hardened rock above the magma of the Earth's core is the result of the decay of radioactive materials present beneath the Earth's crust, and nuclear fission relies on man-made fission of heavy radioactive elements in the Earth's crust; in both cases these elements were produced in supernova explosions before the formation of the solar system.
Renewable energy is sustainable in its production; the available supply will not be diminished for the foreseeable future - millions or billions of years.
The authors argued that simply switching to domestic energy would not be secure inherently because the true weakness is the interdependent and vulnerable energy infrastructure of the United States.
In 2008, former Intel Corporation Chairman and CEO Andrew Grove looked to energy resilience, arguing that complete independence is unfeasible given the global market for energy.
According to Grove, a key aspect of advancing electrification and energy resilience will be converting the U.S. automotive fleet from gasoline-powered to electric-powered.
If investment is greater than the value of the energy produced by the resource, it is no longer an effective energy source.
New technology may lower the energy investment required to extract and convert the resources, although ultimately basic physics sets limits that cannot be exceeded.
The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by fossil fuels in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and hydrocarbon fueled irrigation.
One vision of a sustainable energy future involves all human structures on the earth's surface (i.e., buildings, vehicles and roads) doing artificial photosynthesis (using sunlight to split water as a source of hydrogen and absorbing carbon dioxide to make fertilizer) efficiently than plants.
With contemporary space industry's economic activity and the related private spaceflight, with the manufacturing industries, that go into Earth's orbit or beyond, delivering them to those regions will require further energy development.
Nafarroa Bai () was a Navarrese coalition in Spain of Basque nationalist and regional left-wing parties created in 2003 for the 2004 Spanish General election.
The coalition comprised Aralar, the Basque Nationalist Party, Eusko Alkartasuna (Basque Solidarity), Batzarre, and local independents, but not the outlawed Basque nationalists of Batasuna or Accion Nacionalista Vasca (ANV), traditionally the Basque nationalist party in Navarre with strongest support, for its stance on ETA's violence.
All these parties usually ran by themselves competing with each other at elections held in the neighbouring autonomous community of the Basque country but agreed to run together in Navarre.
Basque nationalism does not hold a majority there, and the move was aimed at optimizing the Basque nationalist electoral results in Navarre.
The coalition came up third and won a seat in the Spanish Parliament in 2004, gaining 18.4% of the votes cast in Navarre.
In 2007 the coalition became the second largest political force in Navarre's autonomous parliament, virtually tied with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSN–PSOE) by obtaining 23.7% of the votes cast and 12 seats.
Five of the seats belonged to Aralar, four to EA and one for each the PNV and Batzarre, another one is independent.
Its most significant politicians were Patxi Zabaleta (Aralar), Maiorga Ramírez (Eusko Alkartasuna) and Uxue Barkos, a respected journalist who had worked for the Basque Television.
In the 2008 Spanish General Election, Nafarroa Bai repeated the results of 2004 (18.5%), again coming up third in the autonomous community and repeating its only seat in the Spanish Parliament.
By 2011, new parties and coalitions jumped onto the political scene on the eve of the votation campaign after tribunals in Madrid decided on their legalization.
The coalition then broke up when Eusko Alkartasuna and Aralar left it, and the leftovers of the coalition revamped as Geroa Bai, this time participated only by PNV and other minor groups, and led by Uxue Barkos.
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London based in London, UK, and is a leading British art and design institution with an international reputation.
It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, spatial design and textile design up to PhD level.
Chelsea College of Arts was originally an integral school of the South-Western Polytechnic, which opened at Manresa Road, Chelsea, in 1895 to provide scientific and technical education to Londoners.
The South-Western Polytechnic became the Chelsea Polytechnic in 1922 and taught a growing number of registered students of the University of London.
At the beginning of the 1930s, the School of Art began to widen, including courses in craft training and commercial design from 1931.
Alumni from this period included Elizabeth Frink, Edward Burra, Patrick Caulfield, Ethel Walker, Dirk Bogarde, Robert Clatworthy, John Latham and John Berger.
The School of Science separated and became known as the Chelsea College of Science and Technology in 1957, and was later admitted as a constituent College of the University of London in 1966.
The Chelsea College of Science and Technology was granted its Royal Charter in 1971 and merged with King's College London and Queen Elizabeth College in 1985.
The School of Art merged with the Hammersmith School of Art, founded by Francis Hawke, to form the Chelsea School of Art in 1908.
The newly formed school was taken over by the London County Council and a new building erected at Lime Grove, which opened with an extended curriculum.
The school acquired premises at Great Titchfield Street, and was jointly accommodated with Quintin Hogg's Polytechnic in Regent Street (a forerunner of the University of Westminster).
During this period, Chelsea had the highest enrolment of fine art students in any school of its kind in the country, producing many notable artists such as Ossip Zadkine, Mark Gertler and Paul Nash.
He was responsible for the integration of history and theory with practice, employing artists rather than art historians to teach art history and theory.
A basic design course, pioneered by Victor Pasmore and Richard Hamilton, was also developed during the same period, becoming the basis of the college's current foundation course in art and design.
Professor William Callaway (Head of School from 1989 to 1992), Colin Cina (appointed Dean of School of Art), and Bridget Jackson (Dean of School of Design): These three reformed the school and ensured the redevelopment of the entire academic program, introducing courses at multiple levels from HND to accredited Honours and Postgraduate degrees.
Bridget Jackson was appointed Head of College in 1993, retiring in 1997 to be succeeded by Professor Colin Cina who led the college until his retirement in 2003.
The Chelsea School of Art became a constituent College of the London Institute in 1986, formed by the Inner London Education Authority to associate London's art, design, fashion and media schools into a collegiate structure.
He led the relocation to the listed Royal Army Medical College, renovated as a purpose-built art college by the architects Allies and Morrison in 2005.
With this move, the Chelsea College of Arts presently resides next to Tate Britain at Millbank, returning to one standalone campus.
Chelsea is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, with Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins, London College of Communication, London College of Fashion and Wimbledon College of Art.
Chelsea and the London College of Fashion share the 'Creative Learning in Practice Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning' (CLIP CETL).
There are 183 universities and academies in total: 109 state universities (eight technical universities, one institutes of technology, and one fine arts university), 65 private foundation universities, six two-year granting institutions, one special national defense university, and one police academy.
One of the local historical places in Sion is a hilltop garden commonly known as Sion Fort or Sheevon Killa in the Marathi language.
In 1543, the Portuguese took possession of the largely uninhibited islands of Bombay, naming it Sião, after a biblical hill in Israel.
The Jesuits then built a chapel on the hill near the present-day railway station and named it after Mount Zion (Sion) in Jerusalem.
He next served in succession under Pichegru and Moreau, and distinguished himself during the skilful retreat of the latter from an untenable position in the heart of Swabia.
His fidelity and address while serving under Desaix, who was killed at Marengo, secured him the confidence of Napoleon Bonaparte, who appointed him to command the special body of gendarmes charged with the duty of guarding the First Consul.
He proceeded to the cliff of Biville in Normandy, where the plotters were in the habit of landing, and sought, by imitating the signals of the royalist plotters, to tempt the comte d'Artois (afterwards Charles X) to land.
Hulin, who presided at the court-martial, afterwards accused Savary, though not by name, of having intervened to prevent the dispatch to Bonaparte of an appeal for mercy which he (Hulin) was in the act of drawing up.
Shortly before the battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805) he was sent by Napoleon with a message to the emperor Alexander I with a request for an armistice, a device which caused that monarch all the more eagerly to strike the blow which brought disaster to the Russians.
Early in the next year he received command of a corps, and with it gained an important success at Ostrolenka (16 February 1807).
After the treaty of Tilsit (7 July 1807) Savary proceeded to St Petersburg as the French ambassador, but was soon replaced by General Caulaincourt, another accessory to the execution of the duc d'Enghien.
The repugnance of the empress dowager to Savary is said to have been one of the reasons of his recall, but it is more probable that Napoleon felt the need of his gifts for intrigue in the Spanish affairs which he undertook at the close of 1807.
With the title of duke of Rovigo (a small town in Venetia), Savary set out for Madrid when Napoleon's plans for gaining the mastery of Spain were nearing completion.
Savary induced Ferdinand to cross the Pyrenees and proceed to Bayonne—a step which cost him his crown and his liberty until 1814.
There he showed his wonted skill and devotion to Napoleon; and this office, which the Jacobin Fouche had shorn of its terrors, now became a veritable inquisition.
Savary's wariness was, however, at fault at the time of the strange conspiracy of General Malet, two of whose confederates seized him in his bed and imprisoned him for a few hours (23 October 1812).
Napoleon awarded him the duché grand-fief (a rare, nominal but hereditary honor; extinguished in 1872) of Rovigo, in his own Kingdom of Italy.
Afterwards he travelled about in more or less distress, but finally was allowed to return to France and regained civic rights; later he settled at Rome.
The July Revolution (1830) brought him back into favour and in 1831 he received the command of the French army in Algeria.
He was responsible for the extermination of the local Al'Ouffia tribe and the death of several Arab leaders whom he lured into negotiations.
This class of submarines was developed at the Rubin Design Bureau in 1975 and is considered one of the most successful Soviet submarine missile carrier designs.
The RSM-54 missile (3M37, R-29RM, or SS-N-23 according to the NATO classification) is a liquid-propellant, three-stage missile with separable heads (it carries four or ten warheads depending on the modification).
The first and the last missiles hit their targets successfully, while the others were self-destroyed in the air according to the plan.
As the experiment took place just before the August Putsch in the USSR, its results were forgotten for a while, and the crew's work wasn't rewarded by the Soviet government authorities.
During the deployment the priest has performed the consecration ceremony of submarine's compartments, met with submarine personnel, led discussions on the basics of faith and spiritual life.
The submarine is currently part of the 31st Order of the Red Banner underwater strategic missile cruiser division of the 12th submarine squadron of the Northern Fleet (Olenya Bay, Skalisty Naval Base).
The Post Office opened on 1 May 1886 as Bloomfield Railway Station, was renamed Nilma in 1909 and closed in 1979.
The town in conjunction with neighbouring township Darnum has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Ellinbank & District Football League.
Prior to the war in Iraq, the President and his advisors repeatedly claimed that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction that jeopardized the security of the United States.
The failure to discover these weapons after the war has led to questions about whether the President and his advisors were candid in describing Iraq’s threat.
However, its content does not include specific reasons for the statements given nor any possible defense or justification in favor of the individuals in question.
The report along with the searchable database compiled by the Special Investigations Division are accessible via the web by Congress and the General Public.
The Guinea Pig Club, established in 1941, was a social club and mutual support network for British and allied aircrew injured during World War II.
Its membership was made up of patients of Archibald McIndoe at Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, who had undergone experimental reconstructive plastic surgery, including facial reconstruction, generally after receiving burns injuries in aircraft.
The treatment of burns by surgery was in its infancy, and many casualties were suffering from injuries which, only a few years earlier, would have led to certain death.
The club was established informally in June 1941 with 39 patients, primarily as a drinking club, and rapidly won McIndoe's endorsement.
Most were British but other significant minorities included Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders and by the end of the war Americans, French, Russians, Czechs and Poles.
In 1943, a dedicated Canadian wing was built at the hospital, on the initiative of the Royal Canadian Air Force and at Canadian expense.
During the Battle of Britain, most of the patients at East Grinstead were fighter pilots, but by the end of the war around 80% of the members were from bomber crews of RAF Bomber Command.
A minority of members had suffered non-burns-related injuries (for example, maxillofacial damage incurred in crashes); while another small minority came from army or navy rather than air force backgrounds.
Before the war the RAF had made preparations by setting up burns units in several hospitals to treat the expected casualties.
At East Grinstead, McIndoe and his colleagues, including Albert Ross Tilley, developed and improved many techniques for treating and reconstructing burns victims.
They had to deal with very severe injuries: one man, Air Gunner Les Wilkins, lost his face and hands and McIndoe recreated his fingers by making incisions between his knuckles.
Aware that many patients would have to stay in hospital for several years and undergo many reconstructive operations, MacIndoe set out to make their lives relaxed and socially productive.
He gave much thought to the reintegration of patients into normal life after treatment, an aspect of care that had previously been neglected.
The Guinea Pig Club was part of these efforts to make life in hospital easier, and to rebuild patients psychologically in preparation for life outside.
There were even barrels of pale ale in the wards – partly in the interests of re-hydrating patients whose injuries had left them dangerously dehydrated, but also to encourage an informal and happy atmosphere.
Later, many of the men also served in other capacities in RAF operations control rooms, and occasionally as pilots between the surgeries.
Those unable to serve in any capacity received full pay until the last surgical operations and only then were invalided out of the service.
The club was not disbanded at the end of the war, but continued to meet for over sixty years, offering practical support and a sense of community to former patients.
McIndoe had been elected life president at the club's foundation: after his death in 1960, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, became president.
Geoffrey Page was the first chairman; and Tom Gleave served as the first and only Chief Guinea Pig until his death in 1993.
In 2001 (the 60th anniversary of the club's foundation) the members agreed to continue holding their annual reunions at East Grinstead until there were only 50 members left.
By 2004, there were 120 survivors; and by 2007 there were 97 (57 in Britain; 40 elsewhere in the world), their ages ranging from 82 to 102.
It attracted over 60 attendees, but in view of the survivors' age and frailty the decision was then taken to wind the club down.
Two artistic renditions were used: the first showed the guinea pig sitting upright and with his ears swept back, perhaps in imitation of a pilot at the controls of his aircraft; while the second showed a more naturalistic guinea pig on all fours.
The pub closed in 2008 and was demolished in 2009 to make way for a social housing development named Guinea Pig Place.
A bronze monument commemorating McIndoe, sculpted by Martin Jennings, whose own father was a Guinea Pig, was unveiled in East Grinstead High Street in 2014.
In November 2016, a monument honouring members of the club was unveiled by the Duke of Edinburgh, its president, at the National Memorial Arboretum, Staffordshire.
An exhibition in East Grinstead Museum honouring the members of the club was opened in December 2016 by Susan Piper, Lord Lieutenant of West Sussex, with four club members in attendance.
Bracken is a television drama serial broadcast from 1978 to 1982 on RTÉ One in Ireland, depicting rural life in and around County Wicklow.
In October 2003, Leon received a phone call from the band's manager, Laila Bagge, to whom she had sent an audition video in the past.
On 15 December 2003, an official press release announced that Janet had officially joined the group and production on the band's third studio album had begun.
That same year, she recorded a song for the American toy store brand Build-a-Bear Workshop and another song for Kohl's clothing brand everGirl.
The show documented her progress working on her debut album, promotional work across Sweden, and in one episode a meeting with Roger Moore in London.
Her eponymous debut album was released in Sweden on 18 February 2009 and spent three weeks on the charts in Sweden.
She competed in the fourth semi-final, on 22 February 2014 in Örnsköldsvik where she finished in 8th and last place and was knocked out from the competition.
University of East London (UEL) is a public university located in the London Borough of Newham, London, England, based at three campuses in Stratford and Docklands, following the opening of University Square Stratford in September 2013.
UEL can trace its roots back to 1892, when the newly formed County Borough of West Ham decided to establish a West Ham Technical Institute to serve the local community.
The college provided courses in science, engineering and art, and also established its own internal degree courses in science and engineering, which were ratified by the University of London.
As demand for technical education grew throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Essex County Council created two further colleges at Walthamstow and Dagenham.
In 1970 these three colleges (West Ham, Walthamstow, Dagenham) were combined as a merger of higher education colleges, to create the North East London Polytechnic.
In 1988 the North East London Polytechnic became a higher education institution, and was renamed the Polytechnic of East London in 1989.
UEL's succession of founding institutions exemplify the developments that took place in British further and higher education policy throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries.
In 2012, following previous opposition, UEL adopted the full increased tuition rates of £9,000 permitted by legislation enacted in 2010, an increase from the previous rate of £3,290.
The university is a lead academic sponsor of Hackney University Technical College which opened in 2012, one of the first university technical colleges in England.
Off campus, there are students registered on programmes with UK and non-UK academic partners, such as the Women's Institute of Management in Malaysia.
The campus is home to the Cass School of Education and Communities, the School of Health Sport and Bioscience and the School of Psychology.
The Docklands Campus, opened in 1999, is the largest of the three campuses, It is in the redeveloped Docklands area of east London, at the Royal Albert Dock, closed to commercial shipping since the 1980s and now largely used as a water sports centre and rowing course, for example for the London Regatta Centre.
The Cyprus station of the Docklands Light Railway is adjacent to the campus, and offers links to Canary Wharf and central London.
New student accommodation opened in 2008 and the campus now has 1,200 student rooms, together with shops, cafés and a restaurant, launderettes and an open-air fitness suite.
A third campus, University Square Stratford (USS – not to be confused with University Square at the Docklands Campus), opened for the 2013–14 academic year.
The School of Business and Law (RDBSL) is a combined school which offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD degree programmes, as well as non-degree executive education for individuals and companies.
Its programmes are recognised by professional bodies including the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, (ACCA), the Chartered Management Institute (CMI), and the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, (CIPD).
Knowledge Dock is accredited by the European Business Network as a Business Innovation Centre (BIC) and is the only BIC in London, and one of only 12 in the UK.
The School of Social Sciences offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in disciplines including international development, politics and NGOs, sociology, psychosocial studies, social enterprise and innovation studies.
The Cass School of Education and Communities delivers teaching and supports research in comparative education, early childhood, diversity and language, multilingualism, professional education, race and community, social work, teacher education and technology-enhanced learning.
The School of Health, Sport and Bioscience supports research and delivers teaching in nursing, health studies, physiotherapy, microbiology, biomedical science, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, forensic science, sports science, conservation and ecology.
The School of Psychology delivers programmes such as BSc (Hons) Psychology, accredited by the British Psychological Society, and a qualification in counselling training, BSc (Hons) Counselling and Mentoring.
The School of Arts and Digital Industries delivers courses that cover fashion, film, design, fine art and media, digital arts and communications, games design and animation, music, theatre and dance, creative writing, cultural and heritage studies, journalism, advertising and performing arts.
UEL's campuses are in Newham, the host borough of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, close to two Olympic venues; the Olympic Park in Stratford and the Excel Centre in Docklands.
UEL has had Olympic and Paralympic projects including research, student involvement and sporting partnerships underway since it was announced that London's bid to host the Games was successful in 2005.
The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games(LOCOG) was a Games-time partner with UEL and students volunteered as Games-makers during the Games.
Michelle Obama addressed the Team USA athletes at the SportsDock facility on Friday, 27 July 2012, speaking of the pride and excitement that the Games bring to people.
UEL students volunteered with Team USA in a number of roles during the Olympic season, including writing for the team's Games-time publication.
In the seven years to 2012, UEL produced around 70 pieces of research work, including the Westfield Transport Observation, Newham Impact Evaluation and LOCOG Impact Evaluation.
It exists to represent UEL students in university decision-making, to act as the voice of students in the national higher education policy debate, and to provide direct services to the student body.
In 2011, UEL was named the most improved university for sport at the BUCS awards, having jumped 43 places in the league table.
The centre features a gym and fitness suite, two large indoor sports arenas, ten badminton courts, two competition basketball courts, volleyball and netball courts, cricket bays, two five-a-side football pitches, a sports café and covered seating for 400 people.
UEL and its predecessor institutions have a number of notable academic staff and alumni, including politicians, business people, authors, actors, musicians and sports people.
Pal Joey is a 1940 epistolary novel by John O'Hara, which became the basis of the 1940 stage musical comedy and 1957 motion picture of the same name, with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Lorenz Hart.
That is if I can call you friend after the last two weeks for it is a hard thing to do considering.
Well if it is on purpose all I have to say is maybe you are the one that will be the loser and not me as I was going to do certan things for you but now it does not look like I will be able to do them...
The three stories are connected only by the presence of a traveling cat, which plays an incidental role in the first two and is a major character of the third.
Clinic counselor Vinnie Donatti explains that the clinic has a 100% success rate due to a uniquely persuasive method: every time Dick smokes a cigarette, horrors of increasing magnitude will befall his wife and child.
Using the tomcat that Donatti's assistant Junk has caught in the street, Donatti demonstrates the first of these horrors: the tomcat is put in a cage and tormented with electric shocks in the floor.
Donatti explains that if his new client should be caught with a cigarette, Dick's wife Cindy will be subjected to the same shocks while he is forced to watch.
For subsequent infractions, his young daughter will be subjected to the shocks, then his wife raped, and after the fourth infraction, they give up.
He prepares to smoke one, but notices a pair of feet in his closet, realizing Quitters Inc. is serious about their threat to ensure that he is not smoking.
Donatti is also at the school, warning Dick that if he strays the only thing his daughter would understand is that someone is hurting her because her father misbehaved.
During a stressful traffic jam, Dick loses his willpower and smokes after finding an old forgotten pack of cigarettes in his glove box, not realizing he is being watched by Junk in a nearby car.
After watching Cindy suffer in the electric cage, an enraged Dick attacks Donatti and Junk, allowing the tomcat to escape in the scuffle.
Time passes, and Dick is apparently smoke-free at last, but has put on a little weight as a result of quitting.
Dick jokingly asks what will happen if he continues to gain weight, whether a man would attack his house with a flame thrower.
Donatti chuckles and says that is not what they have in mind; instead someone will cut off his wife's little finger.
Later Dick and his wife have a dinner party with the friends who recommended Quitters, Inc., and they toast the company for a job well done.
As she raises her glass, Dick discovers that Donatti was not joking around: his friend's wife is missing her little finger.
The tomcat who has escaped Quitters, Inc. leaves Manhattan via the Staten Island Ferry, briefly befriends a group of vagrants and travels to Atlantic City, New Jersey, where it hears the same disembodied girl's voice asking for his help.
Meanwhile, gambler and former tennis pro Johnny Norris is involved with a woman whose jealous husband, Cressner, is a crime boss and casino owner.
Cressner, who will bet on anything, wins a wager that the tomcat will successfully cross the busy road outside his casino.
As revenge, Cressner blackmails Norris into a dangerous ordeal: he must circumnavigate the narrow exterior ledge of Cressner's penthouse apartment in a skyscraper.
If Norris refuses, Cressner will call the police and have him arrested for possession of drugs, which have been planted in Norris' Mustang by a henchman named Albert.
Cressner harasses Norris by startling him with a horn and turning on a fire hose at the halfway point to keep Norris from lingering.
Cressner says he will honor his bet: his henchman has removed the drugs, and presents Norris with a bag of cash--however, he kicks over the bag to reveal his wife's severed head.
The tomcat hops a freight train and travels to Wilmington, North Carolina, where it is adopted by a little girl, Amanda (the girl who was asking for help twice earlier), who names him General.
As a consequence, he is unable to protect Amanda from a small, malevolent troll that he witnessed taking up residence in the house where the tomcat followed the troll earlier.
The parents are convinced that General killed Polly, but the father discovers a wound on the tomcat too large to have been caused by a parakeet.
When night falls, the troll returns and uses a small rubber doorstop to wedge the child's room door shut from the inside.
Meanwhile, at the animal shelter, as he is getting his final meal, General escapes and rushes back to Amanda's house, which he enters by way of the chimney.
General arrives just in the nick of time to save Amanda and again battles the troll, causing a great deal of noise.
Grabbing on to a bunch of foil balloons, the troll tries to float out of the furious tomcat's reach, landing on Amanda's record player.
The parents are at first unwilling to believe the story until parts of the troll's dismembered corpse are discovered, as well as the tiny dagger that had caused General's wound, including the hole that the troll had used.
Amanda uses the justification that General will keep her safe in case others like her first assailant appear, and General stays inside at night to act as a protector for Amanda.
Drew Barrymore was nominated for the Young Artist Award for Best Starring Performance by a Young Actress in a Motion Picture in 1986.
It was the first election held since two military coups in 1987 had severed Fiji's 113-year-old constitutional links with the British Monarchy, and later Fijian Monarchy, and ushered in a republic.
The 1992 elections were the first to be held under the new electoral system, which was deliberately biased in favour of ethnic Fijians.
National constituencies, elected by universal suffrage and comprising almost half of the House of Representatives under the 1970 constitution, were abolished, and for the first time, all members of the House of Representatives were elected from communal constituencies on closed electoral rolls, for registered members of a particular ethnic group.
37 seats were allocated to ethnic Fijians and only 27 to Indo-Fijians, despite the near-equality of their numbers in the population; one seat was reserved for a representative of the Rotuman Islanders, with five constituencies reserved for General electors (an omnibus category for various minorities including Europeans, Chinese, and Banaban Islanders).
The Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei led by Sitiveni Rabuka, who had instigated the 1987 coups, won 30 of the 38 seats reserved for ethnic Fijians and Rotuman; the remaining five were won by the extremist Fijian Nationalist Party of Sakeasi Butadroka.
The 27 Indo-Fijian electorates were almost equally divided, with the National Federation Party winning 14 seats and the Fiji Labour Party 13.
The Syriac alphabet ( ) is a writing system primarily used to write the Syriac language since the 1st century AD.
It is one of the Semitic abjads descending from the Aramaic alphabet through the Palmyrene alphabet, and shares similarities with the Phoenician, Hebrew, Arabic and the traditional Mongolian scripts.
There is no letter case distinction between upper and lower case letters, though some letters change their form depending on their position within a word.
In addition to the sounds of the language, the letters of the Syriac alphabet can be used to represent numbers in a system similar to Hebrew and Greek numerals.
Several Christian Neo-Aramaic languages from Turoyo to the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic dialects of Assyrian and Chaldean, once vernaculars, primarily began to be written in the 19th century.
The variant specifically has recently been adapted to write Western Neo-Aramaic, traditionally written in a square Aramaic script closely related to the Hebrew alphabet.
In addition to Semitic languages, Sogdian was also written with Syriac script, as well as Malayalam, which form was called Suriyani Malayalam.
Although ʾEsṭrangēlā is no longer used as the main script for writing Syriac, it has received some revival since the 10th century.
It is often used in scholarly publications (such as the Leiden University version of the Peshitta), in titles, and in inscriptions.
In some older manuscripts and inscriptions, it is possible for any letter to join to the left, and older Aramaic letter forms (especially of and the lunate ) are found.
Vowel marks are usually not used with , being the oldest form of the script and arising before the development of specialized diacritics.
Whether because its distribution is mostly predictable (usually inside a syllable-initial two-consonant cluster) or because its pronunciation was lost, both the East and the West variants of the alphabet traditionally have no sign to represent the schwa.
When isolated, the letters , , and are usually shown with their initial form connected to their final form (see below).
The letters , , , , , , and (and, in early ʾEsṭrangēlā manuscripts, the letter ) do not connect to a following letter within a word; these are marked with an asterisk (*).
(), the first letter, represents a glottal stop, but it can also indicate a vowel, especially at the beginning or the end of a word.
The letters , , , , , and , all stop consonants ('hard') are able to be 'spirantized' (lenited) into fricative consonants ('soft').
The degree to which letters can be spirantized varies from dialect to dialect as some dialects have lost the ability for certain letters to be spirantized.
For native words, spirantization depends on the letter's position within a word or syllable, location relative to other consonants and vowels, gemination, etymology, and other factors.
Syriac uses two (usually) horizontal dots above a letter within a word, similar in appearance to diaeresis, called (, literally 'placings', also known in some grammars by the Hebrew name [], 'plural'), to indicate that the word is plural.
These dots, having no sound value in themselves, arose before both eastern and western vowel systems as it became necessary to mark plural forms of words, which are indistinguishable from their singular counterparts in regularly-inflected nouns.
For instance, the word (, 'king') is consonantally identical to its plural (, 'kings'); the above the word () clarifies its grammatical number and pronunciation.
There are no firm rules for which letter receives ; the writer has full discretion to place them over any letter.
Typically, if a word has at least one , then are placed over the that is nearest the end of a word (and also replace the single dot above it: ).
Other letters that often receive are low-rising letters—such as and —or letters that appear near the middle or end of a word.
The line can only occur above a letter , , , , , , , or (which comprise the mnemonic , 'the works of light').
In the 1930s, following the state policy for minority languages of the Soviet Union, a Latin alphabet for Syriac was developed with some material promulgated.
Although it did not supplant the Syriac script, the usage of the Latin script in the Syriac community has still become widespread because most of the Assyrian diaspora is in Europe and the Anglosphere, where the Latin alphabet is predominant.
The Syriac Abbreviation (a type of overline) can be represented with a special control character called the Syriac Abbreviation Mark (U+070F).
The university's range of subjects includes architecture, business, computing, mathematics, education, engineering, humanities, maritime studies, natural sciences, pharmacy and social sciences.
In 2012, the University of Greenwich was rated as the greenest in the UK by People & Planet Green League Table.
It was founded by Frank Didden, supported by and following the principles of Quintin Hogg, and opened to students in October 1891.
In 1894 it focused on an educational role, concentrating on higher technical education appropriate to its location close to Woolwich Dockyard and the Royal Arsenal, with its premises also used for day schools - the first Woolwich Polytechnic School was established in 1897.
In the following years, Dartford College (1976), Avery Hill College (1985), Garnett College (1987) and parts of Goldsmiths College and the City of London College (1988) were incorporated.
In 1992, Thames Polytechnic was granted university status by the Major government (together with various other polytechnics) and renamed University of Greenwich in 1993.
In 2001, the university gave up its historic main campus in the Bathway Quarter in Woolwich, relocating to its current main campus in Greenwich.
Facilities include computer laboratories, a library and a TV studio, as well as a sports and teaching centre with a sports hall and 220-seat lecture theatre.
Rugby, football, indoor pitches, netball and tennis courts, a dance studio and soon to be built astroturfs are on Avery Hill campus.
The magnificent Winter Garden, the centrepiece of the Mansion site, has been allowed to fall into neglect and is on Historic England's 'At Risk' Register.
A campaign to restore the Winter Garden is putting pressure on the University and Royal Greenwich Council to ensure its future.
Greenwich Campus is located mainly in the Old Royal Naval College, into which it moved in the 1990s when the premises were sold by the Royal Navy.
The campus has a large library at Stockwell Street which houses an extensive collection of books and journals, language labs and a 300-PC computing facility.
The Stephen Lawrence Gallery at the Stockwell Street building, showcases the work of contemporary artists and is linked to the Department for Creative Professions & Digital Arts.
The Faculty of Engineering and Science is based here, as is the Natural Resources Institute, a centre for research, consultancy and education in natural and human resources.
It is also the home of Medway School of Pharmacy, a joint school operated by the Universities of Greenwich and Kent.
The university is a member of Universities at Medway, a partnership of educational establishments at Chatham Maritime that is developing the area as a major higher education centre in the Medway region.
Significant areas of research and consultancy include landscape architecture, employment relations, fire safety, natural resources, social network analysis, education, training, educational leadership and public services.
In 2013, University of Greenwich was ranked 701 by QS World University Rankings The university is ranked 87 out of 116 institutions according to the Guardian University Guide 2015 University League Table.
Prominent alumni of the university and its predecessor organisations include Nobel Laureate Charles Kao, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009 for his work on transmission of light in fibre optics, and Abiy Ahmed, who won the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.
Edward Patrick Morris, 1st Baron Morris (May 8, 1859 – October 24, 1935) was a lawyer and Prime Minister of Newfoundland.
Born in St. John's, the son of Edward Morris and Catherine Fitzgerald, he was educated at Saint Bonaventure's College and the University of Ottawa, was admitted to the bar in 1885 and went into practice with his brother Francis.
Morris was a counsel for the British government during the North American fisheries arbitration in 1910 receiving a knighthood in 1904.
Morris served as governor of the Newfoundland Savings Bank from 1889 to 1913 and was elected to the Newfoundland House of Assembly in 1885 as an independent.
Morris formed an alliance with Bond to defeat the Tories and served as minister of justice from 1900 to 1907 in Bond's government.
He refused saying he could not because he could not elect a speaker, without losing a vote and thereby bringing down the government.
As a result of a wartime crisis over conscription, and the decline of his popularity due to accusations of wartime profiteering and conflict of interest, Morris decided that it was necessary to have a government that had support from all denominations and so he invited the opposition in the House of Assembly to join a National Government which was formed in 1917 to oversee the duration of the war.
In 1918, Morris was elevated to the peerage as the first Baron Morris, the only Newfoundland-born person to ever be so honoured.
A cat's eye or road stud is a retroreflective safety device used in road marking and was the first of a range of raised pavement markers.
The original form consisted of two pairs of reflective glass spheres set into a white rubber dome, mounted in a cast iron housing.
This is the kind that marks the centre of the road, with one pair of cat's eyes showing in each direction.
A key feature of the cat's eye is the flexible rubber dome which is occasionally deformed by the passage of traffic.
A fixed rubber wiper cleans the surface of the reflectors as they sink below the surface of the road (the base tends to hold water after a shower of rain, making this process even more efficient).
The rubber dome is protected from impact damage by metal 'kerbs' – which also give tactile and audible feedback for wandering drivers.
When the tram-lines were removed in the nearby suburb of Ambler Thorn, he realised that he had been using the polished strips of steel to navigate at night.
The reflective lens had been invented six years earlier for use in advertising signs by Richard Hollins Murray, an accountant from Herefordshire and, as Shaw acknowledged, they had contributed to his idea.
The blackouts of World War II (1939–1945) and the shuttered car headlights then in use demonstrated the value of Shaw's invention and helped popularise their mass use in the UK.
After the war, they received firm backing from a Ministry of Transport committee led by James Callaghan and Sir Arthur Young.
In 2006, Catseye was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons in the Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum, a list which included Concorde, Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, K2 telephone box, World Wide Web and the AEC Routemaster bus.
These are typically day glow green/yellow so they are easily visible in daylight as well as in darkness, they can then be used on their own for lane division.
Also seen during motorway repair work are plastic traffic pillars that are inserted into the socket of a retractable cat's eye rather than being free-standing.
These are often used in conjunction with two rows of the temporary cat's eyes to divide traffic moving in opposite directions during motorway roadworks.
Solar-powered cat's eyes known as solar road studs and showing a red or amber LED to traffic, have been introduced on roads regarded as particularly dangerous at locations throughout the world.
However, shortly after one such installation in Essex in the autumn of 2006 the BBC reported that the devices, which flash at an almost imperceptibly fast rate of 100 times a second, could possibly set off epileptic fits and the Highways Agency had suspended the programme.
The suspension appeared to have been lifted by 2015, when LED cat's eyes began to be installed along newly re-paved sections of the A1 and A1(M) in County Durham and Tyne and Wear.
Proposed enhancements in 2013 were to change the standard white light to amber for four seconds after the passing of a vehicle, or red if the following vehicle is too close or traffic ahead is stationary.
In Ireland yellow cat's eyes are used on all hard shoulders, including motorways (neither red nor blue cat's eyes are used).
There are limited installations of actively powered cats eyes, which flash white light, on particularly dangerous sections of road such as the single carriageway sections of the N11.
Botts' dots (research started 1953, compulsory in California from 1966) and other raised carriageway markers perform a similar function in areas of the United States that receive little snowfall.
In areas of the US receiving substantial accumulating snowfall that requires the use of snow removal equipment, recessed markers or those encased in protective metal are frequently used.
In New Zealand, roads are generally marked with both Bott's dots and cat's eyes (typically there is one cat's eye followed by three Bott's dots places in every ten-metre stretch of highway).
The colour pattern on New Zealand roads is white or yellow cat's eyes along the centre of the road (yellow indicating overtaking is not permitted) and red dots along the hard shoulder or left edge of a motorway.
Single blue cat's eyes are used to indicate the location of fire hydrants, and green cat's eyes are used to mark the edge of culverts.
In rural settings and along State Highways, these markings are augmented by retroreflective posts along the edge of the road (white reflectors on the left, yellow reflectors on the right).
Bridges are similarly marked with retroreflective markings in diagonal bands of white and black (to the left) and yellow and black (to the right).
By contrast to the UK where use of cat's eyes is widespread, in Continental Europe, cat's eyes are almost completely absent as a permanent fixture.
Road users, especially cyclists and motorcyclists, consider cat's eyes unnecessary as an additional lane or position marking identification and actually pose a threat to safety upon impact due to their prominent, slippery and unforgiving nature – particularly in the wet – and of their propensity to be located in close proximity to areas of increased hazard.
It is also suggested that the additional emphasis of an already brightly visible and reflective painted lane marking is simply not required for any potential road event or condition.
Many also consider that the absence of cat's eyes reduces the risk of physical and audible discomfort when driving, and that their benefits to safety are exaggerated.
On freeways and highways, every one (or sometimes two) white stripes separating lanes is followed by a white shining cat's eye.
Before speed bumps, a series of cat's eyes are placed shining white to the oncoming traffic and red to the car from the opposite direction.
On roads with traffic lights, a series of red shining cat's eyes are placed before traffic lights to make drivers slow down.
In the morning of 25 April 1999 on the M3 motorway in Hampshire, England, a van dislodged the steel body of a cat's eye which flew through the windscreen of a following car and hit a passenger (the drum and bass DJ known as Kemistry) in the face, killing her instantly.
He had key roles in planning the Vietnam War, serving as deputy to Paul Nitze under Kennedy and as Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific affairs under Johnson.
After leaving government service in 1969, Bundy served as a historian of foreign affairs, teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and at Princeton University, from 1972 to his death.
His father, Harvey Hollister Bundy, served as an assistant secretary of state to Colonel Henry L. Stimson beginning in 1931, and later as his special assistant on atomic matters when Stimson was Secretary of War under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
After attending Groton School and Yale University (where he was one of the first presidents of the Yale Political Union and a member of Skull and Bones), Bundy entered Harvard Law School.
In August 1943 he led the nine-man 6813th Signals Security Detachment to the UK secret code breaking 'Government Code and Cipher School' at Bletchley Park.
In the early 1950s, Bundy was recruited for the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as an analyst and as chief of staff for the Office of National Estimates.
In 1960, Bundy took a leave of absence from the CIA to serve as staff director for Eisenhower's Commission on National Goals.
During the Kennedy years, he was deputy to Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs Paul Nitze and worked also for the Secretary of the Navy.
He continued to serve as an advisor on Vietnam following the election of President Richard M. Nixon, but resigned from government in 1969.
After being involved in intelligence and the Council on Foreign Relations, he served from 1961 to 1966 as the National Security Advisor to both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
On October 6, 2000, William Putnam Bundy died at his home in Princeton, New Jersey at the age of 83 from heart trouble.
It was the second volume-production implementation of the low-pressure sand-casting (or LPS) technique in a new plant sited between East Works and Cofton Hackett.
(The first volume application of the LPS process had been for the M-16 cylinder head, produced in South Works, adjacent to the former forge).
This reduced oxide inclusions and gave a casting yield of around 90%, compared with 60% for more conventional gravity casting processes.
The process avoided many of the inherent problems of casting aluminium components and consequently permitted lower casting wall thickness and higher strength-to-weight ratios.
The layout of the engine bay on some Rover cars fitted with K-series engines – particularly the MGF with its mid-engined layout – means that a commonly-occurring coolant leak under the inlet manifold can go undetected until severe damage has been done to the head.
The aluminium engine blocks were fitted with spun-cast iron cylinder liners that were initially manufactured by GKN's Sheepbridge Stokes of Chesterfield, but these were replaced by liners made by Goetze after some seminal research conducted by Charles Bernstein at Longbridge, which proved influential even to Ducati for their race engines.
Because Honda stopped providing Rover with engines after the end of their relationship, but well before the BMW takeover, an enlargement of the K Series design to 1.6 and 1.8 litres was carried out.
The four-cylinder engines were held together as a sandwich of components by long through-bolts which held the engine under compression, though this construction is not unknown, and was used in early lightweight fighter engines from the First World War.
The two types of head that were bolted to the common four-cylinder block were designated K8 (8 valves) and K16 (16 valves).
The VVC system constantly alters the inlet cam period, resulting in a remarkably flexible drive: the torque curve of a VVC K-series engine is virtually flat throughout the rev range and power climbs steadily with no fall-off whatsoever until the rev limiter kicks in at 7,200 rpm.
Following the collapse of MG Rover in 2005, the K Series engine started a new and rather interesting chapter in its history.
The Chinese automaker Nanjing Automobile (NAC) purchased the assets of MG Rover and in doing so acquired use of the Longbridge plant and the intellectual property rights and production tooling to many designs, including those of the K series engine.
With the help of Lotus Engineering, NAC went on to produce the N Series an improved version of the K Series with redesigned headgasket and oil rail built on the original tooling.
Whilst they had the necessary knowhow they didn't have any tooling so had to essentially reverse engineer their version of the engine.
The advantage of this was it allowed Ricardo 2010, the company tasked by SAIC to carry out development the opportunity to improve the engine in a number of areas.
The main area's of improvement included the head being redesigned to improve the waterways and structural rigidity and the block was also strengthened.
All new tooling was used in its production and the quality of materials and that of the aluminium casting process created a much more substantial update than that of the N Series.
This new engine would go on to power the Roewe 750, the Roewe 550 and later after the two firms NAC and SAIC merged, The MG 6.
Early K8 engines used a single SU KIF carburetor with a manual choke and a breaker-less distributor mounted on the end of the camshaft.
K16 models used MEMS, with a 1.6 ECU from 1990 until 1994 and a 1.9 ECU from 1995 onwards, in either Single Point or Multi Point forms, with a single coil on the back of the engine block and a distributor cap and rotor arm on the end of the inlet camshaft.
MEMS 2J was used on the VVC engine, to control the Variable Valve Control and the Distributorless Ignition System, which was used because there were camshaft drive belts at both ends of the engine.
With the launch of the Rover 25 and Rover 45 in 1999, MEMS 3 was introduced, with twin coils and sequential injection.
The K16 variant is exactly the same as the version, apart from a restrictive throttle body designed to lower the car's insurance group.
Kavachi engine is an extensively improved version of the Rover K series, using a different turbo and gearbox, improved head gasket and strengthened block.
UK engineering firm Ricardo plc, expert in race engine designs, was commissioned to not only redesign the engine but also the manufacturing process to produce what is now a very reliable engine.
Though some pitchers have won more games in some seasons prior to 1901, historians demarcating 1901 as the beginning of 'modern-era' major league baseball refer to and credit Jack Chesbro and his 1904 win-total as the modern era major league record and its holder.
Chesbro's 1904 pitching totals of 51 games started and 48 complete games also fall into the same historical category as his 1904 wins total, as they are all-time American League single-season records.
These 1904 single-season totals for games started and complete games, like the wins total, are also the most recorded by a pitcher in either the American or National League since the beginning of the twentieth century and the co-existence of the American and National Leagues as major leagues.
If one demarcates 1901 as the beginning of major league baseball's modern era, Jack Chesbro holds the modern era major league historical single-season records for wins by a pitcher (41), games started by a pitcher (51), and complete games pitched (48).
Chesbro was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946 by the Veterans Committee, though he had received little consideration from the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).
Some baseball historians consider the 1946 election a mistake, and believe that Chesbro was elected solely on the basis of his 1904 season.
He worked in 1894 as an attendant at the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital in Middletown, New York in order to play for the Asylums, the team representing the mental hospital.
That year, he pitched for the Albany Senators of the New York State League until they folded, at which point he joined the Johnstown Buckskins.
However, Hanlon took a job with the Brooklyn Superbas and the Orioles were nearly contracted, resulting in Chesbro not signing with Baltimore, as Hanlon allowed the option to lapse.
After the season, on December 8, 1899, Chesbro was traded with George Fox, Art Madison, John O'Brien, and $25,000 ($ in current dollar terms) to the Louisville Colonels for Honus Wagner, Fred Clarke, Bert Cunningham, Mike Kelley, Tacks Latimer, Tommy Leach, Tom Messitt, Deacon Phillippe, Claude Ritchey, Rube Waddell, Jack Wadsworth, and Chief Zimmer.
The Louisville club dissolved that offseason, and Chesbro, Fox, Madison and O'Brien were assigned to Pittsburgh in March as the National League (NL) reduced from 12 to eight teams.
After going 15–13 for the 1900 Pirates, Chesbro won 21 games for the 1901 Pirates, while leading the NL with six shutouts.
He went 28–6 with a 2.17 earned run average (ERA) for the 1902 Pirates, leading the NL in wins and shutouts.
At the end of the 1902 season, the upstart American League (AL) began to entice NL stars to join their league by offering competitive salaries.
Chesbro agreed to sign with a new AL franchise, the New York Highlanders (presently known as the New York Yankees), for the 1903 season, for a $1,000 bonus ($ in current dollar terms) to join the AL.
The news broke when Jesse Tannehill, who also agreed to join the Highlanders, told Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss about the planned defection while under the influence of pain medication.
That year, he started 51 games and finished 48 while posting a 1.82 ERA, striking out 239 batters, and recording 41 wins and 48 complete games over innings pitched, setting MLB records for wins, complete games, and innings pitched in a season.
Chesbro won 14 straight games from May 14 through July 4, a New York franchise record that stood until Roger Clemens broke it in 2001.
On the last day of the season, in a game against the Boston Americans (now known as the Boston Red Sox), he threw a wild pitch in the top of the ninth inning, allowing the winning run to score from third base and causing the Highlanders to lose the pennant to Boston.
Even after Chesbro's death in 1931, his widow, with the support of former Highlanders manager Clark Griffith, continued to claim that the pitch was a passed ball, and blamed the winning run on catcher Red Kleinow.
At third base, Chesbro mistakenly thought he had received a steal sign from manager Clark Griffith, while Willie Keeler bunted for a hit.
Chesbro announced he would work on keeping his weight down prior to the 1907 season, but announced his intentions to retire in February 1907.
Prior to the 1909 season, Chesbro was assigned to the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association, a minor league affiliate of the Highlanders.
Chesbro made nine appearances for the Highlanders in 1909, before he was waived and claimed by the Boston Red Sox in September 1909.
The Red Sox returned Chesbro to the Highlanders prior to the 1910 season, but he was placed on the ineligible list after he refused to report to the minor leagues.
Chesbro returned to Massachusetts during the 1910 Major League Baseball season, where he worked on a farm in Conway, Massachusetts that he purchased a decade prior.
Chesbro coached for Massachusetts Agricultural College (presently known as the University of Massachusetts Amherst) in 1911 and continued to pitch for semipro clubs in Massachusetts.
Chesbro decided to travel to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where teams participated in spring training, in an attempt to find a team willing to give him a chance at a comeback.
Chesbro was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946 balloting by the Veterans Committee, which considers individuals who are eligible for the Hall of Fame, but no longer eligible to be elected by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).
That year, the Veterans Committee elected eleven players: Chesbro, Jesse Burkett, Frank Chance, Johnny Evers, Clark Griffith, Tommy McCarthy, Joe McGinnity, Eddie Plank, Joe Tinker, Rube Waddell, and Ed Walsh.
During years where Chesbro was eligible on the BBWAA ballot, Chesbro received zero votes in the 1936 balloting, one vote in the 1937 balloting, two votes in the 1938 balloting, and six votes in the 1939 balloting, zero votes in the 1942 balloting, and zero votes in the 1945 balloting.
Chesbro's 1904 record for games won in a season (41 wins) has stood for over a century—one of the oldest major records in baseball, or in any other sport.
Today, it is uncommon for a pitcher to start even 35 games in a season and complete games are a rarity.
The only other 40-win season since 1900 was 40 by Ed Walsh in 1908, and only three other pitchers in the modern era have won as many as 35--Christy Mathewson (37 in 1908), Walter Johnson (36 in 1913) and Joe McGinnity (35 in 1904).
Since the pitcher's mound was lowered to its current height of 10 inches in 1969, no pitcher has won more than 27 games in a season.
In particular, James compared Chesbro's statistics to those of former Pittsburgh Pirate teammates Deacon Phillippe (189–109, 2.59), Sam Leever (194–100, 2.47), and Jesse Tannehill (197–117, 2.80), none of whom are in the Hall of Fame.
James claimed that Chesbro was inducted into the Hall of Fame solely on the basis of his 1904 season, even though other pitchers who did not make the Hall of Fame have similar career statistics.
After his retirement, Chesbro farmed and raised poultry in Conway, where he died on November 6, 1931 of a myocardial infarction; he was buried at Howland Cemetery in Conway.
RTV B92, or simply B92, is a Serbian news station and television and radio broadcaster with national coverage headquartered in Belgrade, Serbia.
Founded in 1989 as radio station, it was a rare outlet for Western news and information in FR Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milošević, and was a force behind many demonstrations that took place in Belgrade during the turbulent 1990s.
Due to this, RTV B92 won the MTV Free Your Mind award in 1998, and many other awards for journalism and fighting for human rights.
On 6 October 2000, the day following the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, RTV B92 started a Serbian commercial TV station called TV B92.
The most prominent person in RTV B92 history is Veran Matić, who is one of the founders and CEO from B92's establishment in 1989 until 2019.
The radio station originally went on the air in 1989 with financial help from the Open Society Foundations and the USAID, though it was shut down by authorities a few times in its early years.
It was forced off the air for a time in 1999 when NATO bombed Yugoslavia, and government agents cracked down on pro-Western reporting.
In a dawn raid in May 2000 government troops seized everything but Internet broadcasting from secret studios continued until after the ousting of Milošević in October 2000, when the two stations were unified.
During the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s, RTV B92 was one of the very few sources for news not controlled by the government.
The radio station at its peak had around 400,000 daily listeners which made up 35% of all radio listeners with almost 80 stations competing for airtime.
Among the people who lost their job on that occasion were all employees in the news and music section—sections that made Radio B92's trademark.
On that same day all radio shows were cancelled, leaving only the radio broadcasting music and two remaining employees responsible for that.
On 6 October 2000, TV B92 began broadcasting as a local TV station reaching Belgrade's greater municipal area and parts of Vojvodina.
On 11 October 2004, TV B92's news program Vesti B92 introduced the ticker, which was replaced by flipper on 19 March 2012.
In April 2006, TV B92 was officially given a national commercial broadcasting license along with TV Pink, Fox Televizija, TV Avala and TV Košava.
Operacija Trijumf (Star Academy) was the biggest musical reality show in the Balkans and it was shown on television in Montenegro (IN TV) Croatia (Nova TV) Slovenia, Macedonia and Bosnia.
On 7 April 2008, B92 Info was a news broadcasting channel launched by TV B92, as a Serbian version of CNN.
All of TV B92's most popular news-related shows, including Poligraf, B92 Investigates, Insajder, Kažiprst, Dizanje, and sports programs, were broadcast on the channel.
Because of that, TV B92 became surprised and made a speculation talking about the crystal-kryptonite at Knez Mihailova Street in Belgrade.
From 19 April 2011 to 20 April 2011, TV B92 started to air some promos with this crystal-kryptonite and were advertising something, but during its news program Vesti B92 on 20 April 2011 at 11 pm, it was known that TV B92 is going to be rebranded on 21 April 2011.
In addition to news and series, TV B92 introduced more sports programming and was broadcasting many tennis events featuring Serbian players (Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Masters 1000 series, ATP World Tour Finals), football (UEFA Europa League, La Liga) and basketball (Liga ABA).
This purple cube had first arrived in Belgrade on 16 March 2012 when TV B92 made a discussion about the purple cube at Knez Mihailova Street in Belgrade.
From 17 March 2012 to 18 March 2012, TV B92 began to air some promos with the purple cube and was advertising something.
Later, Vesti B92 announced on 18 March 2012 at 11 pm, that TV B92 would implement a new logo and renewed on-air look on 19 March 2012.
The purple cube was the last logo to carry TV B92's franchise and it was used for 5 years from 19 March 2012 to 10 September 2017.
Many public figures and media organizations protested stating that the removal of talk show was politically motivated by the ruling leader Aleksandar Vučić.
Three months later, talk show author Olja Bećković confirmed those claims and accused Vučić as a man behind the removal of the talk show.
The planned channel OTV was said to be an entertainment-oriented TV station, but the logo of the newly tentative station OTV was unknown at the time.
At the time, Greek media company ANT1 Group was also majority shareholder of Prva Srpska Televizija in Serbia, TV station with national coverage.
The transaction between state-owned Telekom Srbija and Kopernikus made public outrage in Serbia as Kopenikus' market worth at the time of purchase was several times lower than the amount it was purchased for; it was also revealed that major stakeholder in company was a close relative to ruling Serbian Progressive Party officer.
At the beginning of 1996, OpenNet became Yugoslavia’s first Internet provider, using an analogue leased line from XS4ALL and six local dial-up lines.
OpenNet also supported the local network of Radio B92, ANEM Radio and ANEM Television by providing non-stop live Internet broadcast of programs of Radio B92 and TV B92, together with the distribution of audio and video materials among the ANEM radio and television stations.
During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, when government representatives raided the Radio B92 premises and disabled its transmitter, OpenNet continued to broadcast the radio program over the Internet.
At its peak, the average number of page views per day exceeded 1 million, while the daily average number of visitors peaked at 200,000.
Some of the notable Serbian acts B92 helped launch include: Eyesburn, Darkwood Dub, Kanda, Kodža i Nebojša, Intruder, Vrooom, Kal etc.
B92's book publishing arm is Samizdat B92 featuring prominent young authors such as Marko Vidojković and Srđan Valjarević, as well as a number of foreign authors.
Fashion Centre at Pentagon City, also known as Pentagon City Mall, is a shopping mall in Pentagon City neighborhood of Arlington, Virginia near Interstate 395 and Hayes Street.
Its Metro level is directly connected to the Pentagon City station on the Blue and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro.
A portion of Fashion Centre is at the lower levels of Washington Tower office building, the former home of MCI's Consumer Markets headquarters.
It was built by Melvin Simon & Associates, which sold the bulk of its interest in 1991 to a series of institutional investors, while retaining a quarter interest and management of the center.
Simon Property Group, the successor to the Simon shopping mall interests, raised its stake and now jointly owns the center with CalPERS.
Sixteen Mile Creek (also known as Sixteenmile Creek), a tributary of the Missouri River, is long, in western Montana in the United States.
It flows generally west, south of the Big Belt Mountains, and southwest, past Maudlow and joins the Missouri 6 mi (9 km) southeast of Toston, at the site of the ghost town of Lombard.
Telugu script (), an abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language, a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana as well as several other neighbouring states.
It shares extensive similarities with the Kannada script, as it has evolved from Kadamba and Bhattiprolu scripts of the Brahmi family.
In 2008, Telugu language is given the status of Classical Languages of India, this status owes to its rich history and heritage.
The Brahmi script used by Mauryan kings eventually reached the Krishna River delta and would give rise to the Bhattiprolu script found on an urn purported to contain Lord Buddha's relics.
Buddhism spread to East Asia from the nearby ports of Ghantasala and Masulipatnam (ancient Maisolos of Ptolemy and Masalia of Periplus).
Telugu uses eighteen vowels, each of which has both an independent form and a diacritic form used with consonants to create syllables.
The independent form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o).
The diacritic form is added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kru, mo).
The Telugu script has generally regular conjuncts, with trailing consonants taking a subjoined form, often losing the tallakattu (the v-shaped headstroke).
In contrast to a syllabic script such as katakana, where one Unicode code point represents the glyph for one syllable, Telugu combines multiple code points to generate the glyph for one syllable, using complex font rendering rules.
On February 12, 2018 a bug in the iOS operating system was reported that caused iOS devices to crash if a particular Telugu character was displayed.
An incorrect handling of the Zero-Width Non-Joiner separator while combining the characters seems to be the cause of the Telugu bug.
It chronicles the daily lives of an ensemble cast of suburban anthropomorphic animals: Pig, Rat, Zebra, Goat, and a fraternity of crocodiles, as well as a number of supporting characters.
The strip's style is most notable for its black comedy, simplistic artwork, self-deprecating fourth wall meta-humor, social commentary, mockery of other comic strips, and stories concocted in elaborate fashion leading into a pun.
However, Amy Lago, an editor at United Media, saw the strip's potential and launched it on the United Media website in November 2000, to see what kind of response it would generate.
Rat is a megalomaniacal, misanthropic rat, who is frequently critical of the strip's style and artwork, as well as the other characters in his and other strips, real life people, and almost all living (and often nonliving) things.
He believes himself to be much more intelligent than he actually is, and thinks more or less anybody else is stupid (one strip indicates that he sees Leonardo da Vinci as the only person in history worthy of his respect).
On one occasion, the diner that most of the characters frequent changed the color of their stools, which upset him as he claimed he did not like change.
He has little patience for others, and is constantly dreaming up schemes that invariably would keep him away from anyone and everyone else, which inevitably backfire.
Rat is also a con artist, as he is often taking up professions he knows almost nothing about and charging people a lot of money, often insulting or confusing his customers, co-workers and boss in the process.
He is often self-employed, using his jobs to trick vain, unintelligent people into either giving him money or making them do things for him.
In one instance, he even started a big controversy over a bogus weight-loss scheme he created, involving the starvation of obese people, that wound up on the Senate floor.
At times, other companies make the mistake of hiring him, in which case Rat is usually rude to his customers and employers.
Much about his family is unknown, but he did telephone his mother in one strip, and we know that his father was killed by a circus clown for an unknown reason.
Despite the partial success of many of his get-rich-quick schemes, he constantly claims to be poor, although it is quite possible that he always squanders or otherwise loses the money.
Despite this, he has enough money to get by in life (although it is possible his housemate, Pig, chips in to help him), and he often does things that would require large amounts of money, such as purchasing nuclear missiles from Russia.
While Rat is often cold-hearted or mean to his housemate Pig, he has been shown to be kind at times, saying nice things to him (although quickly covering it up with his usual attitude).
It has also been revealed that Rat has a soft spot for Pig's sister, Farina, a germaphobe who lives in an air-filtered bubble.
He is also quite materialistic in his likes; he has said that the American Dream is to have a video store on every block, enjoys pornography and slasher films, and his philosophies tend to say that we're all doomed and that there is no moral law.
Unfortunately, most of the new writers follow in the footsteps of the very comics Rat states as the root of the problem, so the funnies are trapped in a vicious cycle.
In 2003, he ran for City Council against a deceased opponent, faking his own death to even up the polls, and, after that plan backfired, advocating the invasion and occupation of Mexico.
In 2004, he ran for president as an Independent (joining the race 10 days prior to the election after being incorrectly informed by Pig that it was in six months).
In 2006, he ran for mayor against Jojo the Crocodile in an election that was moot as Guard Duck staged an election day coup d'état.
This failed, as the two landed in Jamaica and were arrested for shooting a police officer, though the Guard Duck claimed that he had shot the sheriff but had not shot a police officer.
In 2016, Rat launched a new campaign for the presidency, with a platform stating that he is just as corrupt as his opponents, the difference being that he is open about said corruption.
The first of these occasions, occurring in 2002, saw Rat ascend to Heaven, only to be turned away by St. Peter, after being hit by a car (while he was comatose in a hospital).
Rat's first official death came in 2005 when, after being encouraged to smile more, his body exploded from the stress (although he'd return one week later).
His second official death came in July 2008 as he suffered a heart attack from overstimulation related to the death of Stephan Pastis in the strip one day before, but both he and Pastis were returned to Earth later that week at the intervention of United Feature Syndicate.
Stephan Pastis, the strip's author and formerly a lawyer, started drawing Rat in law school, often killing him off for the sake of humor.
He would often doodle Rat in classes while bored, and in his early stages Rat was more of a depressed, philosophical character as opposed to the cynical egomaniac he is today.
For those times when Gus is not around, Rat talks with Jingles, a stuffed, court jester doll that lives on a shelf in the boy's room.
As well as somehow being friends with Rat (despite Rat's constant abuse), he also frequently is seen talking with Zebra and Goat.
He has also been known to use such terms literally in a context where he is misunderstood, often getting beaten up by someone who he does not realized he has offended.
Pig, when on a date, is most likely seen with Pigita, but earlier in the strip, he can be seen with other pigs.
He also appears to know more about the people in the neighborhood than Rat does, for example when Rat bragged about knowing things about strangers and celebrities but couldn't identify the man who walked past, Pig identified him as Bob, their next-door neighbor for the last eleven years.
He frequently writes letters to well-known real-life people, usually foreign authority figures at odds with the United States like Fidel Castro or Kim Jong-Ill concerning rather unimportant things like image; while Rat constantly berates him for doing this, the people they are sent to have been shown to care about what he says, occasionally crying when he criticizes them.
Not much is known about Pig's family, although Pig writes letters to his mother occasionally, and she writes back with indifference, if not rudeness, to him.
Pig was born in a liter of seven piglets, one of whom is his sister Farina who had a brief relationship with Rat.
However, Officer Potus unwittingly crushed her to death while helping Zebra shut down Rat's restaurant McZeeba's for serving zebra meat, thus rendering him a widower.
In this strip, Pastis based the story on a lawyer named Bob Grossman who screwed up a lawsuit brought by a sausage company and was forced to work at the farm the sausage company owned until he made up the difference.
Zebra is a supportive and caring zebra, who is often seen either writing to his predators or talking about recent deaths.
He is seen mainly around Pig or Rat, but also occasionally hangs out with Goat, being one of the comic's few characters Goat is able to stand for any particular length of time.
He lives next door to the Fraternity of Crocodiles, much to his dismay, as they are constantly trying (and failing) to eat him.
Before these predators moved next door to Zebra, he often tried to reason with them by mailing them letters either encouraging them to give up their predatory lifestyles or berating them on the immorality of their actions.
The lions, on the other hand, would usually give terse and stupid responses, sometimes taking the advice the wrong way and eating a Zebra.
Not much is known about the surviving members of his family except for their names, with those usually being a relative of Pastis.
The Olympics failed, as the Crocs kept eating the Zebras and the Greeks were more interested in smoking cigarettes and drinking soda pop then building the stadiums, a reference to real-life construction delays that took place prior to the games (Stephan Pastis is himself Greek and references this frequently in his books).
His debut saw him trying to sell cookies to Rat and Pig to raise money to help save his herd, but Rat declined because of not wanting to mess with natural selection.
Like Pig, he is well-meaning and tries to be kind; like Rat he is arrogant and easily irritated, which is often his stumbling block when dealing with characters other than Zebra.
Goat has a particular dislike for and rivalry with Rat, whom he criticizes on a regular basis for his ego as well as his writings.
Rat in turn makes fun of Goat for having a blog that no one reads and (on at least one occasion) ruins a date for Goat by hanging around him and annoying him.
As with most of other animal characters in the strip, Goat is only referred to by the noun as a name.
He was originally supposed to be a bear, but after the syndicates rejected the idea Pastis reworked the character into a goat.
(Debuted March 14, 2005) The Guard Duck is a violent duck, hired by Pig because the cost of a proper guard-dog was too high.
The neighbor would then laugh at the idea of a duck being a guard animal, and the strip would finish with Guard Duck responding with violence.
He also served as mayor of Albany, California, obtaining the position after overthrowing the incumbent in a coup d'état, until he was caught using the city police force to bug the offices of political opponents and forced to resign in disgrace.
Guard Duck fell in love with a non-anthropomorphic duck named Maura, who flew away from him and failed to return for over a year.
Guard Duck thought he'd lost her forever, because of his being unable to fly (having never learned how), but one day she returned to him.
In a recent series of strips, Guard Duck was seen training gophers to use grenades which causes problems in the neighborhood.
The Fraternity of Crocodiles are the main antagonists and villains of the strip, and while they are indeed on very poor terms with all five main characters (with the possible exception of Rat), they are usually involved in various attempts to kill and eat Zebra, all of which fail.
They also speak in an unusual font: their dialogue is shown in crude, lower-cased letters (sometimes shown in capitals when they yell, scream or talk loudly) which is also used for the lions, toy Vikings and the killer whale, although they spoke normally.
The crocs usually need to go to the Safeway supermarket or order fast food (one ordered pizza every night for seven straight weeks; at least one croc has resorted to cannibalism) to get food.
They often come up with harebrained plans to lure Zebra into their house, including toga parties, swimming, and attempts to get into his house (one croc posed as a cable guy).
A recurring gag is the crocs' tendency to die, usually due to their own ineptitude; they have been shot, blown up, choked, eaten, stabbed with a speargun, drowned, covered in cement, suffocated, nuked, shredded, had a heart attack, wood chippered, hung, and killed in some way by other characters; often, it is a result of their own attempts to kill Zebra.
Regarding how they always come back, it is unclear if they are many crocs with the same names, or come back to life a la Kenny McCormick.
While Pastis had depicted various crocodiles in the strip as early as February 2002, these crocs were relatively competent and spoke normal English in a normal typeface.
Larry (born February 9, 1969), his beehive-sporting wife Patty, and son Junior, are the most-frequently-depicted family of crocodiles in the strip.
The family house neighbors that of Zebra, and, although Zebra's home is also neighbored, on another side, by the Zeeba Zeeba Eata house, they have little relation to the fraternity.
His vocabulary and the fact that he has entered a romantic relationship indicates that he would be at least a pre-teen.
However, he also likes it when Larry reads him nursery rhymes and Sesame Street before bedtime, a characteristic that is identified with younger kids.
Despite the seemingly large number of Crocodiles, most of the males (who are in turn most of the crocodiles) have virtually the same mindset; rude, smug, disloyal, but above all, incompetent.
The reason may be that the predator community appears to view buying your own food (something that one would naturally be forced to do if unable to capture anything) as a wimpy thing.
Having decided that it is wrong to kill others, he is a vegetarian, much to the exasperation and shame of Larry.
In every story, Angry Bob becomes frustrated with his life, usually stating that he is either angry or sad, or both.
During the course of the story Bob will decide to try to do something about it, and more often than not succeeds.
However, as is the case in nearly every Angry Bob story, something goes wrong and Bob meets a horrible and gruesome death or failure at the end, often shot or crushed.
(debut: June 1, 2003) — Pastis appears self-reflexively in many strips as the cartoonist of the strip, usually exhibiting ambiguous feelings toward his characters (and an exasperation with Rat in particular, who gives it back to Pastis in return especially when things don't go his way).
He is often seen smoking and drinking beer, although Pastis has mentioned in his books that he does not smoke (but he does drink a lot of beer) and has no idea why he drew himself that way to begin with (though Rat and Guard Duck are often featured smoking as well).
That Wednesday (July 9), Pastis was found dead in the cartoon, but he and Rat (who died of a heart attack due to excitement from finding out) were sent back to the strip days later.
Pastis is occasionally seen commenting about anger-inducing strips (like a strip where Rat claims that he tries to run cyclists off the road) in the cartoon.
Pastis is shown to be a character more than just in the breaking the fourth wall strips, he also appears occasionally at the diner frequented by many of the members of the cast, and has interacted with several characters who don't appear to be aware they are in a comic, such as Neighbor Bob.
Pastis will often employ a shaggy dog story, using a great amount of dialogue to spin an elaborate premise often resolved with a character's unforeseen death or near death.
A variation known as a feghoot builds to an intentionally bad pun in the penultimate panel, with the final panel showing the cartoon version of Pastis as the target of criticism, hostility, or even physical violence from the characters, usually Rat.
Cholecystokinin, officially called pancreozymin, is synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine.
Its presence causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively, and also acts as a hunger suppressant.
It is a member of the gastrin/cholecystokinin family of peptide hormones and is very similar in structure to gastrin, another gastrointestinal hormone.
Thus, the CCK peptide hormone exists in several forms, each identified by the number of amino acids it contains, e.g., CCK58, CCK33, CCK22 and CCK8.
CCK plays important physiological roles both as a neuropeptide in the central nervous system and as a peptide hormone in the gut.
CCK is synthesized and released by enteroendocrine cells in the mucosal lining of the small intestine (mostly in the duodenum and jejunum), called I cells, neurons of the enteric nervous system, and neurons in the brain.
The greatest stimulator of CCK release is the presence of fatty acids and/or certain amino acids in the chyme entering the duodenum.
In addition, release of CCK is stimulated by monitor peptide (released by pancreatic acinar cells), CCK-releasing protein (via paracrine signalling mediated by enterocytes in the gastric and intestinal mucosa), and acetylcholine (released by the parasympathetic nerve fibers of the vagus nerve).
Thus, as the levels of the substances that stimulated the release of CCK drop, the concentration of the hormone drops as well.
Trypsin, a protease released by pancreatic acinar cells, hydrolyzes CCK-releasing peptide and monitor peptide, in effect turning off the additional signals to secrete CCK.
CCK also causes the increased production of hepatic bile, and stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder and the relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi (Glisson's sphincter), resulting in the delivery of bile into the duodenal part of the small intestine.
For example, in rats, CCK administration significantly reduces hunger in adult males, but is slightly less effective in younger subjects, and even slightly less effective in females.
The site of the anxiety-inducing effects of CCK seems to be central with specific targets being the basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, peraqueductal grey, and cortical regions.
The CCK tetrapeptide fragment CCK-4 (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH) reliably causes anxiety and panic attacks (panicogenic effect) when administered to humans and is commonly used in scientific research for this purpose of in order to test new anxiolytic drugs.
Positron emission tomography visualization of regional cerebral blood flow in patients undergoing CCK-4 induced panic attacks show changes in the anterior cingulate gyrus, the claustrum-insular-amygdala region, and cerebellar vermis.
CCK has been shown to interact with the Cholecystokinin A receptor located mainly on pancreatic acinar cells and Cholecystokinin B receptor mostly in the brain and stomach.
CCK in the body cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, but certain parts of the hypothalamus and brainstem are not protected by the barrier.
Belt Creek is a tributary, approximately 80 mi (129 km) long, of the Missouri River in western Montana in the United States.
It originates in the Lewis and Clark National Forest north of Big Baldy Mountain, in the Little Belt Mountains in western Judith Basin County.
It flows northwest through mountainous canyons (Limestone Canyon) past Monarch, through the Sluice Box Park, and flows through Armington and Belt.
A shoulder, or hard shoulder is an emergency stopping lane by the verge of a road or motorway, on the right in countries which drive on the right, or on the left side in India, Japan, the UK, Australia, and other left-side driving countries.
Many wider US and Swedish freeways have shoulders on both sides of each directional carriageway, in the median as well as at the outer edges of the road, for additional safety.
The purpose of building a shoulder is that in the event of an emergency or breakdown, a motorist can pull into the shoulder to get out of the flow of traffic and obtain a greater degree of safety.
In some cases, particularly on older rural roadways, shoulders that initially existed were hardened with gravel rather than being paved with asphalt or concrete.
Because the paved surface ends at that point, they are less safe if they need to be used for emergency maneuvers.
Notably, the section of Ontario Highway 401 between Windsor and London had soft shoulders with a sharp slope which was blamed for facilitating vehicle rollovers, if drivers accidentally drifted off the paved section of the road and then overreacted after hitting the gravel.
To save money, the shoulder was often not paved to the same thickness as the through lanes, so if vehicles were to attempt to use it as a through lane regularly, it would rapidly deteriorate.
However, it is extremely unsafe, and in most jurisdictions illegal, to abuse the shoulder by 'undertaking' passing vehicles that are nearer the center of the road.
On older roads, the shoulder may disappear for short periods, near exits or when going across or under bridges or tunnels where the cost savings were thought to outweigh the safety benefits of the shoulder.
Its shoulder is only wide, which is not wide enough for some automobiles—a standard lane in the U.S. and UK is .
As a result, some motorists are unable to fully exit the mainline when they need to pull over, so they end up in a position that is halfway in the rightmost lane and only partly on the shoulder.
In Ontario, Highway 403 had its shoulders between Hurontario Street and Erin Mills Parkway widened in 2003 so they serve a dual-purpose as bus lanes and accident lanes.
The Route 9 BBS in Central New Jersey which runs along two stretches of shoulders are dedicated for exclusive bus use during peak hours.
In the Seattle area, Community Transit and Sound Transit Express commuter buses are authorized to use the shoulders of Interstate 5 and Interstate 405 on small segments in Snohomish County as part of a pilot project that aims to reduce delayed bus trips.
Active traffic management with special signage, new turnouts (laybys) and a variable speed limit have been put in place to improve safety.
This 'smart motorway' system has been expanded to the M6, M1 and M25, as well as parts of the M60 and M62.
In the USA, on specially signed sections of highway in the Boston metro area, cars are allowed to use the shoulder as they would a normal lane during morning and evening rush hours.
The same scheme is employed elsewhere, such as on Interstate 580 in California on the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, on Interstate 66 in Virginia between the Capital Beltway and US-50, and on Interstate 405 between SR 527 and I-5 in Bothell.
Florida has developed a plan for the use of shoulders by moving traffic during hurricane evacuations on portions Interstate 4, Interstate 10, Interstate 75, and Interstate 95.
The shoulder-use plan was implemented in place of labor- and resource-intensive contraflow lane reversal, in which both sides of an interstate highway are used for one direction of traffic.
Although direct rear impacts only make up 3% of motorist-on-cyclist collisions, they are a more prominent collision type in arterial/rural road type situations.
Data collated by the OECD indicates that rural locations account for 35% or more of cycling fatalities in Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Japan, the Netherlands, and Spain.
The use of appropriately designed segregated space on arterial or interurban routes appears to be associated with reductions in overall risk.
In Ireland, the provision of hard shoulders on interurban routes in the 1970s reportedly resulted in a 50% decrease in accidents.
In some countries, the use of shoulders is optional for cyclists, who may choose not to use it for reasons such as: it being too narrow, inviting dangerously close passes at high speed by motorists; it having a road surface unsuitable for cycling or putting the path of the cyclist in direct conflict with the paths of other road users, such as those turning across the shoulder.
A road may have a gravel shoulder, its edge may be covered with sand or trash and the pavement may be broken.
The hard shoulder is usually demarcated by road markings in the form of a single dashed yellow line with the addition of yellow cat's eyes.
between junctions or interchanges, or beneath overpasses) a solid yellow line is used, denoting additional restrictions on usage of the hard shoulder.
At junctions and on-ramps and off-ramps, the yellow line peels away into the turn, with a dashed white line (with green cats' eyes) denoting a lane division following the main route (i.e.
The right-hand shoulder is separated by a solid white line, and the left-hand shoulder (if the road is one-way, such as part of a divided highway) is separated from the leftmost through lane by a solid yellow line.
On many roads, the lines are supplemented by reflective raised pavement markers or rumble strips placed every few feet in order to provide additional visual and tactile feedback to drivers crossing the lines.
Normally, driving in the shoulder lane is forbidden, but in the case of traffic blockage in some jurisdictions, use of the shoulder may be allowed for the purpose of reaching an exit if the exit is within .
On freeways in foggy areas of California, there is an obvious break in the line of the shoulder before every exit; this is to help drivers find their exits in heavy fog (especially the dangerous tule fog).
Some motorways do not have hard shoulders at all (for example the A57(M) and many smart motorways where the hard shoulder has been converted into a running lane) and there are a small number of dual carriageway A-roads which do possess hard shoulders (for example, parts of the A1, A2 and A27).
Hard shoulders are always marked with a reflectorized solid white line which is wide and is provided with a rumble strip.
The shoulders located on the sides of Italy's highways are normally used as emergency lanes in case of breakdown or by emergency vehicles in case of queues.
According to the regulation in force, it is mandatory to wear a high visibility jacket when dismounting from a vehicle stopped in an emergency lane.
Normally one is not allowed to drive on the shoulder, but in case of traffic blockage, use of the shoulder is allowed to reach an exit if the exit is within 500 meters.
Road signs can be found along motorways, to indicate the safe distance (1 line = too close, 2 lines = safe distance).
In a similar manner to Canada, Italy and the United States, as described above, the shoulders located on the side of Australia's highways are normally used as an emergency lane in the case of a breakdown or by emergency vehicles in the case of road congestion.
However, no mandatory regulations exist to wear a high visibility jacket when dismounting from the vehicle stopped in an emergency lane.
Approximately 45 miles (73 km) long, it rises in the Lewis and Clark National Forest near Highwood Baldy in the Highwood Mountains in southern Chouteau County.
It flows south then east, then northeast and joins the Missouri in the White Cliffs Area on the border between Chouteau and Fergus counties.
Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi, (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music).
Thyagaraja alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves.
While more advanced organisms can be considered hydrostatic, they are sometimes referred to as hydrostatic for their possession of a hydrostatic organ instead of a hydrostatic skeleton.
As a skeletal structure, it possesses the ability to affect shape and movement, and involves two mechanical units: the muscle layers and the body wall.
Fluid within the organism is evenly concentrated so the forces of the muscle are spread throughout the whole organism and shape changes can persist.
The muscle fibers may be found in continuous sheets or isolated bundles, and the diameter can be manipulated by three different muscle types: circular, radial, and transverse.
Circular musculature wraps around the circumference of the cylinder, radial musculature extends from the center of the cylinder towards the surface, and transverse musculature arrange in parallel and perpendicular sheets crossing the diameter of the cylinder.
The helical shape formed by these fibers allows for elongation and shortening of the skeleton, while still remaining rigid to prevent torsion.
If the fluid is some other type of liquid, it can take longer, but it is still faster than healing a bone.
Because the hydrostatic skeletons have limited ability for attachment of limbs, the organisms are relatively simple and do not have many abilities to grab or latch onto things.
Organisms with complete hydrostatic skeletons need to be in an environment that allows them to re-fill themselves with their fluid that is necessary for survival.
This organism is classified as a Hemichordate, and they are marine worms that use their hydrostatic skeleton to tunnel and anchor themselves into the ground.
Unlike the hydrostatic skeletons of many invertebrates, which use the bending of the animal for locomotion, the penis must resist bending and shape changes during sexual intercourse.
These fibers remain folded when the penis is flaccid, but unfold as the penis fills with blood during an erection, which allows the penis to resist bending.
While in typical hydrostatic skeletons, movement is generated by applying force to a fluid-filled cavity, muscular hydrostats generate movement by muscle contractions.
Mammalian tongues have the structure of a central core of muscle fibers surrounded by bundles of longitudinal muscles and alternating parallel sheets of transverse muscle fibers.
They would also shave their head in the outer courtyard of the Jerusalem Temple and then place the hair on the same fire as the peace offering.
This has led to divergent approaches to the nazirite in the Talmud, and later authorities, with some viewing the nazirite as an ideal, and others viewing him as a sinner.
As with other vows, a father has the ability to annul the nazirite vow of his young daughter, and a husband has the ability to annul a vow by his wife, when they first hear about it ().
In the Mishna, Queen Helena vowed to be a nazirite for seven years, but became defiled near the end of each of two of her first nazirite periods, forcing her to twice start over.
According to less traditional rabbinic interpretation, a Nazirite is forbidden to consume any alcohol, and vinegar from such alcohol, regardless of its source.
The laws of wine or grapes mixing in other food is similar to other dietary laws that apply to all Jews.
A nazirite can groom his hair with his hand or scratch his head and need not be concerned if some hair falls out.
A nazirite that recovers from Tzaraath, a skin disease described in , is obligated to cut his hair despite being a nazirite.
A nazirite (except for a Samson-like nazirite as stated above) may not become ritually impure by proximity to a dead body.
A nazirite that finds an unburied corpse is obligated to bury it, even though he will become defiled in the process.
Samuel and Rabbi Eleazar ha-Kappar, focusing on the sin-offering of the nazirite, regarded nazirites, as well as anyone who fasted when not obligated to or took any vow whatsoever, as a sinner.
A different Rabbi Eliezer argues that a nazirite is indeed holy and the sin referred to in the verse applies only to a nazirite who became ritually defiled.
Simeon the Just (a High Priest) opposed the nazirite vow and ate of the sacrifice offered by a nazarite on only a single occasion.
When asked his motive, the youth replied that he had seen his own face reflected in the spring and it had pleased him so that he feared lest his beauty might become an idol to him.
Maimonides, following the view of Rabbi Eliezer Hakappar, calls a nazirite a sinner, explaining that a person should always be moderate in his actions and not be to any extreme.
These vows required Samson and Samuel to live devout lives, yet in return they received extraordinary gifts: Samson possessed strength and ability in physical battle against the Philistines, while Samuel became a prophet.
Some believe that Samson broke his vow by touching the dead body of a lion and drinking wine () However, the divine terms for not touching a dead body, listed in Numbers 6, refer to the body of a human—not that of an animal.
In addition, the supernatural strength that Samson was given would have been taken away at the time of Judges 14 if his nazirite vow had been broken.
Samson has a unique nazirite status called Nazir Shimshon which permitted him to touch dead bodies, since the angel who imposed the status omitted this restriction.
Radak conjectures that even without this special status, Samson would be allowed to touch dead bodies while doing God's work defending Israel.
A midrashic rabbinical interpretation in this regard indicates that the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil is precisely the grape.
This vow was observed into the intertestamental period (the interval between the writing of the Hebrew Bible and the writing of the Christian New Testament).
1 Maccabees (part of the Christian Deuterocanon) 3:49 mentions men who had ended their nazirite vows, an example dated to about 166 BCE.
If we are to believe the legend of Hegesippus quoted by Eusebius, James, brother of Jesus, Bishop of Jerusalem, was a nazarite, and performed with rigorous exactness all the practices enjoined by that rule of life.
In Paul was advised to counter the claims made by some Judaizers (that he encouraged a revolt against the Mosaic Law).
the Jewish Christians) in Jerusalem otherwise by purifying himself and accompanying four men to the temple who had taken nazaritic vows (so as to refute the naysayers).
What is curious is that Luke does not here mention the apostle James the Just as taking nazirite vows, although later Christian historians (e.g.
The tradition of the nazirite vow has had a significant influence on the Rastafari Religion, and elements of the vow have been adopted as part of this religion.
Some Rastafari have concluded that Samson had dreadlocks, as suggested by the description stating that he had seven locks upon his head.
They have also adopted dietary laws derived from Leviticus, which accounts for some similarity to the prohibitions of the Jewish dietary law of Kashrut.
The Odia script is developed from the Kalinga alphabet, one of the many descendants of the Brahmi script of ancient India.
The script in the Edicts of Ashoka at Dhauli and Jaugada and the Minor Inscriptions of Kharavela in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves give the first glimpse of possible origin of the Odia language.
From a linguistic perspective, the Hati Gumpha inscriptions are similar to modern Odia and essentially different from the language of the Ashokan edicts.
This may be the reason why the famous German linguist Professor Oldenburg mentioned that Pali was the original language of Odisha.
There are noticeable similarities between the Odia and Thai alphabets, which provides clues about the Sadhabas, Kalinga traders who traveled to South East Asian countries and ruled there, leaving evidence of the Odia script on the Thai script, along with a cultural impact.
The curved appearance of the Odia script is a result of the practice of writing on palm leaves, which have a tendency to tear if you use too many straight lines.
Diacritics (which can appear above, below, before, or after the consonant they belong to) are used to change the form of the inherent vowel.
The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into five structured groups.
Vowel diacritics may be more or less fused with the consonants, though in modern printing such ligatures have become less common.
When the consonant forms a vowel ligature by which the lower right end is affected, this stroke is shifted to another position.
Many Odia signs with round shapes suggests a closer relation to the southern neighbor Telugu than to the other neighbors Bengali in the north and Devanagari in the west and north.
The reason for the round shapes in Odia and Telugu (and also in Kannada and Malayalam) is the former method of writing using a stylus to scratch the signs into a palm leaf.
The treatment of is similar to Bengali, Malayalam, Sinhala, Tamil, Grantha and also to SE Asian scripts like Burmese, Khmer and Thai, but it differs clearly from Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Telugu and Tibetan.
SAT-2 was a submarine communications cable linking Melkbosstrand, South Africa, to El Medano, Tenerife Island, Spain and Funchal, Madeira islands, Portugal.
Caesar Augustus Rodney (January 4, 1772 – June 10, 1824) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware.
He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as well as a U.S. Representative from Delaware, U.S.
He was the nephew of Caesar Rodney, the signer of the Declaration of Independence who is depicted on the Delaware state quarter.
After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 1789, he studied law under Joseph B. McKean in Philadelphia and was admitted to the bar in 1793.
Encouraged by Jefferson to compete for the U.S. House against the staunch Federalist James A. Bayard, Rodney ran and won a lively campaign by fifteen votes.
While in the U.S. House, he was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, and established a national reputation as one of the managers appointed in January 1804 to prepare the articles of impeachment against John Pickering, judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire.
In December of the same year, Rodney led another such case against Samuel Chase, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
After serving one term in the U.S. House from March 4, 1803, until March 3, 1805, he was defeated for reelection in 1804 by Bayard, by nearly as close a vote.
While Rodney spent most of his legal career in public service, he took on at least one notable case as a private advocate during the year before his appointment as Attorney General.
In 1806, he made an appearance before the Mayor's Court of Philadelphia to defend the Philadelphia Cordwainers against a common law charge of conspiracy.
The conspiracy charge was instituted by retail shoe merchants, based on attempts by the journeyman shoe and boot makers, to organize for the purpose of setting their wages and hours.
He served in that office for the remainder of Jefferson's term and for nearly three years in President James Madison's first term.
As Attorney General, Rodney participated as a member of the prosecution during the second treason trial of former Vice-President Aaron Burr.
In 1820 he was again elected to the U.S. House, serving from March 4, 1821, until January 24, 1822, when he resigned upon being elected to the U.S. Senate.
Along with John Graham and Theodorick Bland, Rodney was selected by President James Monroe in 1817 for a special diplomatic mission to South America, the South American Commission of 1817–1818.
This report is thought to have contributed much to the thinking behind the policy that eventually became expressed as the Monroe Doctrine.
It also resulted in Rodney's 1823 appointment as United States Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, now known as Argentina.
The election produced little change among the 38 seats in the House of Representatives that were reserved for ethnic Fijians and Rotuman Islanders.
The SVT won 33 seats (a gain of three), and the Fijian Association Party of former Finance Minister Josefata Kamikamica won five (one down).
The Fijian Nationalist Party of Sakeasi Butadroka, which advocated the forced repatriation of all Fijians of Indian descent, lost the three seats that it had won in the previous election.
The NFP leader, Jai Ram Reddy, enjoyed a personal rapport with Rabuka; although they did not enter into a formal coalition, their negotiations led to a substantial overhaul of the Fijian Constitution which paved the way for the historic election of 1999, which brought Fiji's first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry, to power.
The same team that discovered the mimivirus later discovered a slightly larger virus, dubbed the mamavirus, and the Sputnik virophage that infects it.
Although not strictly a method of classification, Mimivirus joins a group of large viruses known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV).
The mimivirus genome also possesses 21 genes encoding homologs to proteins which are seen to be highly conserved in the majority of NCLDVs, and further work suggests that mimivirus is an early divergent of the general NCLDV group.
Protein filaments measuring 100 nm project from the surface of the capsid, bringing the total length of the virus up to 600 nm.
It does not appear to possess an outer viral envelope, suggesting that the virus does not exit the host cell by exocytosis.
An internal lipid layer surrounding the central core is present in all other NCLDV viruses, so this features may also be present in mimivirus.
Analysis of its genome revealed the presence of genes not seen in any other viruses, including aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, and other genes previously thought only to be encoded by cellular organisms.
Like other large DNA viruses, mimivirus contains several genes for sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism, as well as some metabolic genes not found in any other virus.
The stages of mimivirus replication are not well known, but as a minimum it is known that mimivirus attaches to a chemical receptor on the surface of an amoeba cell and is taken into the cell.
The cell cytoplasm continues to fill with newly synthesised virions, and about 24 hours after initial infection the cell likely bursts open to release the new mimivirus virions.
Little is known about the details of this replication cycle, most obviously attachment to the cell surface and entry, viral core release, DNA replication, transcription, translation, assembly and release of progeny virions.
These micrographs show mimivirus capsid assembly in the nucleus, acquisition of an inner lipid membrane via budding from the nucleus, and particles similar to those found in many other viruses, including all NCLDV members.
Mimivirus may be a causative agent of some forms of pneumonia; this is based mainly on indirect evidence in the form of antibodies to the virus discovered in pneumonia patients.
However, the classification of mimivirus as a pathogen is tenuous at present as there have been only a couple of papers published potentially linking mimivirus to actual cases of pneumonia.
A significant fraction of pneumonia cases are of unknown cause, though a mimivirus has been isolated from a Tunisian woman suffering from pneumonia.
They do, however, lack any genes for ribosomal proteins, making mimivirus dependent on a host cell for protein translation and energy metabolism.
An alternative hypothesis is that there were three distinct types of DNA viruses that were involved in generating the three known domains of life—eukarya, archaea and bacteria.
HSN, formerly Home Shopping Network, is an American free-to-air television network owned by the Qurate Retail Group, which also owns catalog company Cornerstone Brands.
Based in the Gateway area of St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, the home shopping channel has former and current sister channels in several other countries.
It expanded into the first national shopping network three years later on July 1, 1985, changing its name to the Home Shopping Network, and pioneering the concept of a televised sales pitch for consumer goods and services.
Left with having to raise the funds, on-air personality Bob Circosta went on the radio and sold the can openers for $9.95 each.
Circosta later became the new network's first ever home shopping host and would eventually sell 75,000 different products in over 20,000 hours of live television.
In 1986, HSN began a second network that broadcast free-to-air on a number of television stations it had acquired under the name Silver King Broadcasting.
In 1999, the stations were sold to IAC founder Barry Diller and changed its name to USA Broadcasting, with a few of them ending HSN programming outside of overnight hours and taking on a local programming format equivalent to Toronto's Citytv.
In 1997, HSN formally launched its second nationwide electronic retail venture, a 24-hour network under the America's Store name (it had operated similar concepts of more limited scale since 1988).
Most of the America's Store hosts (some of which were already splitting hosting duties between networks) were absorbed into the HSN programming schedule.
In 2000, the Spanish version rebranded itself as HSE and began broadcasting on low-power stations in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
On July 6, 2017, Liberty Interactive announced it would buy the remaining 62% of HSN stock it did not already own in order to acquire the company for its QVC Group.
Live programming was rescheduled to be from 7am to 2am EST daily, with the midnight hour being repeated on a loop throughout the night.
At launch, it was carried by Time Warner Cable and Verizon FiOS, and like the SD feed, is now carried by most pay-TV providers.
America's Store (AS) began in 1988 as the Home Shopping Club Overnight Service, which aired on broadcast stations around the United States from midnight to 9 a.m. and, in particular, on WWOR-TV from 3 to 6 a.m. in the New York City metropolitan area, along with its national superstation feed.
In 1989, HSN purchased a number of low-power television stations and began operating the service 24 hours a day as Home Shopping Spree.
In October, 2018 Quarate announced the closure of the Roanoke distribution center in favor of a combined QVC/HSN distribution center to be located in Bethlehem, PA.
HSN is live 24 hours a day, 364 days a year (it has previously tested carrying recorded programming during some graveyard slot hours, but unsuccessful).
The channel usually ends live broadcasting for the Christmas holiday at about 4:00pm EST Christmas Eve, and returns live at 11:00pm EST Christmas Day.
The show allowed members of the staff to go on camera with their families to say hello to relatives back home.
It is also aired as a paid advertising block on PTV, IBC, BEAM TV, AksyonTV and most of the channels owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation including Diva Universal Philippines which is a joint venture with NBCUniversal.
This corresponded to the front row of order takers in the HSN Studio at the Levitz Center (so named as the location was a former Levitz furniture store) in Clearwater, Florida.
After several months, this system was no longer adequate and HSN entered a phase where a phone system from GTE was used.
The Atlantis 2 project total cost was US$370 million invest by a 25 international carrier consortium led technically and financially by Embratel with more than US$100 million of the investment.
Embratel, which organized the project, also installed two additional fiber pairs of 40Gbit/s for its exclusive use between Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro.
On May 10, to celebrate the definitive start-up of that operation, a videoconference between Fernando Henrique Cardoso (President of Brazil) and António Guterres (Prime Minister of Portugal) was held to demonstrate the new link.
The Judith River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 124 mi (200 km) long, running through central Montana in the United States.
It is joined by Dry Wolf Creek in northern Fergus County, and itself joins the Missouri in the White Cliffs Area approximately 18 mi (29 km) northwest of Winifred.
The river gives its name to the Judith River Group of the late Cretaceous, a notable area for excavation of dinosaur fossils that stretches from Montana into southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan.
William Clark came across a stream which he considered particularly clear and pretty, and named it the Judith River, in honor of a young girl back in Virginia he hoped would marry him some day.
The Judith is a Class I river from the confluence with Big Spring Creek to its confluence with the Missouri River for public access for recreational purposes.
Beginning in the 1880s, the area surrounding the Judith River at Judith Landing was home to two large ranching operations: the DHS Ranch of A.J.
On the west side of the fjord is the large village of Tananger, on the south is the village of Solakrossen, and on the east end of the fjord is the borough of Madla in the city of Stavanger.
The Møllebukta bay area, located on the innermost part of the fjord, is the site of a popular beach and the Sverd i Fjell statues.
The only bridge over the fjord is the Hafrsfjord Bridge which runs between Kvernevik in Stavanger and Jåsund in the village of Tananger in Sola.
In 1952, Parliament decided that the Navy's boot camp would be added to the camp and also that the Navy would formally take over the camp.
Officer Candidate School for the Navy moved the intake and basic education from Horten to KNM Harald Hårfagre during the summer of 2005.
The battle paved the way for Harald to gain control over most of western coast of Norway and rightly call himself king of the country.
In 1983, a monument by Norwegian sculptor and artist Fritz Røed was raised in Møllebukta at the northeasternmost end of the Hafrsfjorden.
Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave.
The early association of silk serge, Greece, and France is shown by the discovery in Charlemagne's tomb of a piece of silk serge dyed with Byzantine motifs, evidently a gift from the Byzantine Imperial Court in the 8th or 9th century AD.
It also appears to refer to a form of silk twill produced in the early renaissance in or around Florence, used for clerical cassocks.
In the early 16th century it went mainly to a Royal monopoly at Calais (then an English possession) and was woven into cloth in France or the Low Countries.
This was greatly enhanced by the European Wars of Religion (Eighty Years' War, French Wars of Religion); in 1567 Calvinist refugees from the Low Countries included many skilled serge weavers, while Huguenot refugees in the early 18th century included many silk and linen weavers.
From 1993 to 2002, Pastis was an insurance defense litigation attorney in the San Francisco Bay area, but quickly became disenchanted with the legal profession.
However, he recovered, and Pastis remembers Schulz's graciousness: I was a total stranger to him, and he let me sit down at his table and we talked for an hour.
Then I showed them to a group of people who were acquaintances (but not quite friends) in order to get their honest assessment of which ones were funny and which ones weren't.
Pastis drew about 200 strips for the new comic and selected 40 of the best, but fearing more rejection, let them sit on the counter in his basement for the next two years.
It was not until 1999, when he visited the grave of a college friend who had been a free spirit and had encouraged him to be the same, that he overcame his fear and submitted them to three different syndicates, including United Features.
They met through their syndication attorney, and Conley taught him how to color the Sunday strips and add gray tones to the dailies.
After the strips were published, Pastis revealed that the artwork for three of the strips was in fact drawn by Watterson.
He was also nominated for The National Cartoonists Society Reuben Award for Cartoonist of the Year for every year since 2008.
After a 2009 upgrade, the capacity of the system between the United States and Portugal was increased to 160 Gbit/s initially.
ISCII does not encode the writing systems of India based on Persian, but its writing system switching codes nonetheless provide for Kashmiri, Sindhi, Urdu, Persian, Pashto and Arabic.
The writing system can be selected in rich text by markup or in plain text by means of the ATR code described below.
One motivation for the use of a single encoding is the idea that it will allow easy transliteration from one writing system to another.
In addition to the code points representing characters, ISCII makes use of a code point with mnemonic ATR that indicates that the following byte contains one of two kinds of information.
The code sets for Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu are similar, with each Devanagari form replaced by the equivalent form in each writing system.
Owing to labour migration in the 1960s and several waves of political refugees since the 1970s, Islam has become a visible religion in Germany.
An estimate published in 2016 for 2015 calculated that there are 4.4 to 4.7 million Muslims in Germany (5.4–5.7% of the population).
There are also higher estimates, for example according to the German Islam Conference in 2012, Muslims represent 7% of the population in Germany in 2012.
Most Muslims in Germany have roots in Turkey, followed by Arab countries, former Yugoslavia (mostly of Kosovo-Albanian or Bosnian origin), Afghanistan and Iran.
However, unlike in most other European countries, sizeable Muslim communities exist in some rural regions of Germany, especially Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and parts of Bavaria and North Rhine-Westphalia.
Among the German districts with the highest share of Muslim migrants are Groß-Gerau (district) and Offenbach (district) according to migrants data from the census 2011.
The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community organization comprise a minority of Germany's Muslims, numbering some 35,000 members or a little over 1% of the Muslim population, and are found in 244 communities as of 2013.
According to the Pew Research Center, similar patterns of Muslim migration to Germany should be expected in the future and the muslim population share is expected to grow.
According to the Huffington Post in February 2018 which quired each of the 15 state justice ministries, 12 300 Muslims are in prison and constitute about 20% of the total 65 000 prison population in Germany which constitutes an over-representation.
The highest shares are in city states of Bremen (29%), Hamburg (28%) but the share is high also in large states such as Hessen (26%) Baden-Württemberg (26%).
Muslims first moved to Germany as part of the diplomatic, military and economic relations between Germany and the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century.
The German section of the World Islamic Congress and the Islam Colloquium, the first German Muslim educational institution for children, were established in 1932.
In 2017, Muslims and Islamic institutions were targeted by attacks 950 times, where houses are painted with Nazi symbols, hijab-wearing women are harassed, threatening letters are sent and 33 people were injured.
In May 2018 a court in Berlin upheld the right to the state's neutrality principle by barring a primary school teacher from wearing a headscarf during classes, where the court spokesman stated that children should be free of the influence that can be exerted by religious symbols.
According to a study in 2018 by Leipzig University, 56% of Germans sometimes thought the many Muslims made them feel like strangers in their own country, up from 43% in 2014.
A 2017 study on Jewish perspectives on antisemitism in Germany by Bielefeld University found that individuals and groups belonging to the extreme right and extreme left were equally represented as perpetrators of antisemitic harassment and assault, while the largest part of the attacks were committed by Muslim assailants.
The study also found that 70% of the participants feared a rise in antisemitism due to immigration citing the antisemitic views of the refugees.
The right to practice one's religion, stated by the teachers in question, contradicts in the view of many the neutral stance of the state towards religion.
In the German federal states with the exception of Bremen, Berlin and Brandenburg, lessons of religious education overseen by the respective religious communities are taught as an elective subject in state schools.
It is being discussed whether apart from the Catholic and Protestant (and in a few schools, Jewish) religious education that currently exists, a comparable subject of Islamic religious education should be introduced as a regular part of the curricula.
In several states, trials for Islamic religious education are being conducted, while in the states of Hessen, Lower-Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia, Islamic religious education already is integrated as a regular class.
The problem that the cooperation with Islamic organisations is hampered by the fact that none of them can be considered as representative of the whole Muslim community.
In 2010, the German Ministry of Education and Research established Islamic Theological Studies as an academic discipline at public universities in order to train teachers for Islamic religious education and Muslim theologians.
Since then, Islamic theological departments have been established at several universities, conducting research and teaching on Islam from a theological perspective.
Concerns of Islamic fundamentalism came to the fore after September 11, 2001, especially with respect to Islamic fundamentalism among second- and third-generation Muslims in Germany - the Hamburg cell, which included Mohamed Atta, was prominent in the planning and execution of the September 11 attacks.
The former claim that Islamic fundamentalism violates basic fundamental rights whereas the latter maintain that Germany is a state and society grounded in the Christian tradition.
According to a 2007 Federal Ministry of the Interior report almost half of all young Muslims in Germany support fundamentalist views.
About 12% of Muslims in Germany identified with moral-religious criticism against Western societal values in combination with corporal punishment up to and including the death penalty.
According to a 2012 poll, 72% of the Turks in Germany believe that Islam is the only true religion and 46% wish that one day more Muslims live in Germany than Christians.
According to German authorities, Salafism is incompatible with the principles codified in the Constitution of Germany, in particular democracy, the rule of law and a political order based on human rights.
According to head of security office Hans-Georg Maaßen, the Salafist scene in Germany is not dominated by any one single individual, but instead a great many persons have to be monitored.
According to German Federal Agency for Civic Education, the Salafist movement in Germany is centered in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main metropolitan area, North Rhine-Westphalia and Berlin.
In 2016, the interior ministry of North Rhine-Westphalia reported that the number of mosques with a Salafist influence had risen from 30 to 55, which indicated both an actual increase and improved reporting.
According to the Federal Agency for Civic Education, these examples show that Salafist mosques not only concern themselves with religious matters, but also prepare serious crimes and terrorist activities.
Turkish and Kurdish Islamist groups are also active in Germany, and Turkish and Kurdish Islamists have co-operated in Germany as in the case of the Sauerland terror cell.
Also many Kurds from Iraq (there are about 50,000 to 80,000 Iraqi Kurds in Germany) financially supported Kurdish-Islamist groups like Ansar al Islam.
Before 2006, the German Islamist scene was dominated by Iraqi Kurds and Palestinians, but since 2006 Kurds and Turks from Turkey are dominant.
In 2016, the German security service estimated that about 24 000 Muslims were part of Islamists movements in Germany, of which 10 000 belonged to the Salafist scene.
In March 2018, there were 760 islamists in Germany classified as dangerous by police authorities, of which more than half were on German territory and 153 of the latter were in prison.
They wanted to talk to young Muslims and discourage them from visiting betting halls, brothels and stop them from drinking alcohol.
In the retrial, the men were convicted and sentenced to pay fines as their garments suggested militancy due to the violent nature of similarly named organisations in the Middle East.
(IHH Germany), saying it had used donations to support Hamas, which is considered by the European Union and Germany to be a terrorist organization, while presenting their activities to donors as humanitarian help.
was believed by the German Authorities to have collected money in mosques and to have sent $8.3 million to organizations related to Hamas.
A study comparing Turkish Muslim youths living in Germany and German youth found that the former were more likely to attend religious services regularly (35% versus 14%).
In 1997, the band released the EP At The Mountains Of Madness and worked three years on the album Inside, which was released in 2000.
A proponent of natural philosophy, he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system.
After studying at Göttingen and Heidelberg he spent two years at Leiden, where his attention was specially devoted to the amphibians and fishes.
This mastodon was on display for many years in Peale's Museum and is currently on display in Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Germany This mastodon is the first complete example found in the United States, and may be only the second fossil animal ever mounted for display.
Muthuswami Dikshita (, 24 March 1775 – 21 October 1835) or Dikshitar was a South Indian poet, singer and Veena player, and a legendary composer of Indian classical music, who is considered one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music.
His compositions, of which around 500 are commonly known, are noted for their elaborate and poetic descriptions of Hindu gods and temples and for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the vainika (veena) style that emphasises gamakas.
He is also known by his signature name of Guruguha which is also his mudra (and can be found in each of his songs).
Muthuswami Dikshitar was born on 24 March 1775 in Tiruvarur near Thanjavur in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu in India.
He was the eldest son of the composer, Ramaswami Dikshitar who instructed in a number of subjects including the vedas, poetry, music, and astrology.
The Dikshitar brothers accompanied the zamindar to Fort St. George nearby where they were introduced to Western orchestral music and the violin.
An ascetic named Chidambaranatha Yogi then took Muthuswami under his wing and away to the city of Benares (now Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh).
He was also exposed to Hindustani classical music, particularly the Dhrupad style, which, according to some scholars, would influence his later compositions.
According to legend, Murugan, the deity of the temple at Tirutani, placed a piece of sugar candy in Dikshitar's mouth and commanded him to sing.
These are mostly with epithets glorifying Muruga in the ascetic/preceptor form and have very few references to specifically the deity in the saguna form, as at Thiruthani.
He then went on a pilgrimage visiting and composing at the temples at Kanchi, Tiruvannamalai, Chidambaram, Tirupathi and Kalahasthi, Srirangam, before returning to Tiruvarur.
Muthuswami Dikshitar attained mastery over the veena, and the influence of veena playing is evident in his compositions, particularly the gamakas.
He experimented with the violin, and among his disciples, Vadivelu of the Thanjavur Quartet, and his brother Balaswami Dikshitar pioneered the use of violin in Carnatic music, now an integral part of most Carnatic ensembles.
On his return to Tiruvarur, he composed on every deity in the Tiruvarur temple complex including Tyagaraja (an amsham of Lord Shiva), the presiding deity, Nilotpalambal, his consort, and the Goddess Kamalambal an independent deity of high tantric significance in the same temple complex.
This is when he composed the famous Kamalamba Navavarna kritis, filled with exemplary sahityas on the deities of the Sri Chakra which proved to be the showcase of his compositions.
They included the Tanjore quartet brothers, Ponnayya Pillai, Vadivelu, Chinnayya and Sivanandam, the mridangam player Tambiyappa, the veena player Venkatarama Ayyar of Avudayarkoil, Tiruvarur Kamalam, Vallalarkoil Ammani, Kornad Ramaswamy, Tirukkadeyur Bharati, Thevvoor Subrahmania Ayyar, and the son of his Shyama Shastri, Subbaraya Shastri.
With the creativity and spiritual value embedded in his compositions, Dikshitar is considered one of the Trinity of Carnatic music alongside his two contemporaries from Tiruvarur, Tyagaraja and Shyama Shastri.
His total compositions are about 450 to 500, most of which are very widely sung by musicians today in Carnatic music concerts.
The compositions are known for the depth and soulfulness of the melody — his visions of some of the ragas are still the final word on their structure.
His Sanskrit lyrics are in praise of the temple deity, but Muthuswami introduces the Advaita thought seamlessly into his songs, resolving the inherent relationship between Advaita philosophy and polytheistic worship.
His songs also contain much information about the history of the temple, and its background, thus preserving many customs followed in these old shrines.
Muthuswami also undertook the project of composing in all the 72 Melakartha ragas, (in his Asampurna Mela scheme) thereby providing a musical example for many rare and lost ragas.
Also, he was the pioneer in composing samashti charanam krithis (songs in which the main stanza or pallavi is followed by only one stanza, unlike the conventional two).
Dikshitar was a master of tala and is the only composer to have kritis in all the seven basic talas of the Carnatic scheme.
At a later stage, Dikshitar composed some forty songs to several (mostly western folk) tunes loosely adopted to ragas such as sankarabharaNa.
The Judith River Group is a group of geologic formations in western North America dating from the late Cretaceous and noted as a site for the extensive excavation of dinosaur fossils.
It comprises the Judith River Formation in north central Montana, as well as the Foremost, Oldman, and Dinosaur Park formations in Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada.
Within Canada, the name term Belly River Group is more widely used for what is essentially the same stratigraphic interval as the Judith River.
Viveka Eriksson or Viveca Eriksson (born August 18, 1956) is a politician on the autonomous Åland Islands and the former Premier of Åland from 2007 to 2011.
As party leader of the Åland Liberals she won the 2007 election and was sworn in as the first female Premier.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Georgia is the 9th most populous state with inhabitants and the 21st largest by land area spanning of land.
Eight municipalities have merged with their counties to form consolidated city-counties: Athens with Clarke County, Augusta with Richmond County, Columbus with Muscogee County, Cusseta with Chattahoochee County, Georgetown with Quitman County, Macon with Bibb County, Statenville with Echols County, and Webster County unified government with Webster County.
The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill, with 24 residents.
The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans , and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, at each.
This is because above the station are the remains of a colonial era aqueduct, built in 1779, that ran between Chapultepec and Salto del Agua fountain.
The station is located near some interesting points of the city, such as the elegant tree-lined boulevard that is Paseo de la Reforma, the U.S. embassy, the Zona Rosa shopping and entertainment district, and the Torre Mayor, one of Latin America's tallest buildings.
He represented the state in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and twice served as United States Attorney General in the administrations of William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and Millard Fillmore.
During his early political career, Crittenden served in the Kentucky House of Representatives and was chosen as speaker on several occasions.
With the advent of the Second Party System, he allied with the National Republican (later Whig) Party and was a fervent supporter of Henry Clay and opponent of Democrats Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren.
Lame duck president John Quincy Adams nominated Crittenden to the U.S. Supreme Court on December 17, 1828, but senators who supported president-elect Jackson voted to postpone confirmation until Jackson could nominate his own man.
After his brief service as Kentucky secretary of state, the state legislature elected Crittenden to the second of his four non-consecutive stints in the U.S. Senate.
Upon his election as president, William Henry Harrison appointed Crittenden as Attorney General, but five months after Harrison's death, political differences prompted him to resign rather than continue his service under Harrison's successor, John Tyler.
He was returned to the Senate in 1842, serving until 1848, when he resigned to run for governor, hoping his election would help Zachary Taylor win Kentucky's vote in the 1848 presidential election.
After the expiration of his term as attorney general, he was again elected to the U.S. Senate, where he urged compromise on the issue of slavery to prevent the breakup of the United States.
As bitter partisanship increased the threat of secession, Crittenden sought out moderates from all parties and formed the Constitutional Union Party, though he refused the party's nomination for president in the 1860 election.
In December 1860, he authored the Crittenden Compromise, a series of resolutions and constitutional amendments he hoped would avert the Civil War, but Congress would not approve them.
However, he criticized many of the policies of President Abraham Lincoln and the U.S. Congress, including the Emancipation Proclamation and the admission of West Virginia to the Union.
His father had surveyed land in Kentucky with George Rogers Clark, and settled there just after the end of the American Revolution.
After a year at boarding school, Crittenden moved to the Lexington, Kentucky, home of Judge George M. Bibb to study law.
In 1860, after distributing some property to his now-adult children, Crittenden owned ten enslaved people, all mulattos (females aged 60, 25, 21, 18 and 16 and males aged 28, 16, 14, 10 and 1).
Crittenden's career as an elected official began in the Kentucky House of Representatives, where he represented Logan County from 1811 to 1817.
On the outbreak of the War of 1812, Kentucky governor Charles Scott appointed him as an aide-de-camp for the First Kentucky Militia.
In 1814, Governor Shelby appointed Crittenden to fill the U.S. Senate seat vacated by his former teacher, George M. Bibb; later, however, Shelby learned that Crittenden was only twenty-seven years old, three years shy of the .
A group of legislators, led by John C. Breckinridge, pointed out that the Kentucky Constitution provided only that the lieutenant governor would serve as governor until a new gubernatorial election was held and a qualified successor was chosen.
When the U.S. Senate term of Martin D. Hardin, one of Slaughter's unpopular nominees, expired in 1817, the Kentucky General Assembly chose Crittenden to fill the vacancy.
Though he was the youngest member of the body, he served as the second-ever chairman of the newly created Committee on the Judiciary.
He found state politics more interesting, however, and this fact, coupled with increased financial responsibilities incurred by the birth of his third and fourth children, prompted his decision to resign his seat on March 3, 1819.
After leaving Congress, Crittenden moved to Frankfort, the state capital, to attract more legal clients and be nearer to the center of the state's political activity.
Among his clients after moving to Frankfort were former presidents Madison and Monroe, future vice-president Richard Mentor Johnson, and future governors James T. Morehead, John Breathitt, and Robert P. Letcher.
The boundary was supposed to run along the line at 36 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude, but when Thomas Walker surveyed it, he erroneously marked the line farther south.
Tennessee's commissioners rejected both proposals, asking instead that the Walker Line be accepted east of the Tennessee River and a more southerly line west of it, with reciprocal agreements between the states to honor existing land grants.
He then threw his support to Andrew Jackson until he learned that John Quincy Adams, if elected, would likely make Clay Secretary of State.
Upon his appointment as Secretary of State, Clay was prepared to recommend Crittenden to replace him as chief counsel in Kentucky for the Second Bank of the United States, but the bank chose not to hire a replacement.
When legislation aimed at providing relief to the state's debtors was struck down by the Kentucky Court of Appeals, supporters of the legislation in the General Assembly passed a bill abolishing the Court and creating a new court, which they stocked with sympathetic justices.
Opponents of the legislation held that the Assembly's action was unconstitutional, and for a time both courts claimed authority as the court of last resort in the state.
Though he had served as president of the New Court-backed Bank of the Commonwealth since its formation in 1820, Crittenden publicly identified himself with the Old Court supporters in April 1825.
Many believed that he was the only Old Court supporter that commanded enough respect to win one of the two seats allotted to Franklin County, a bastion of the New Court.
When Crittenden consented to run, New Court supporters nominated the state's Attorney General Solomon P. Sharp and Lewis Sanders, a prominent lawyer.
In the early hours of the morning of November 7, 1825, the very morning the legislature was to convene, Sharp was assassinated.
Despite this, Crittenden refused a request to represent Beauchamp in his murder trial because he wanted to avoid any implication in the matter.
He was unwilling to accept a solution whereby all the justices resigned from both courts, and the governor would appoint a reorganized court made up equally of Old Court and New Court supporters.
This position cost him the support of some New Court partisans that had voted for him in the previous election, and he was not returned to the House in 1826.
Ultimately, Old Court partisans gained control of both houses of the legislature, and the New Court was abolished permanently in December 1826.
Todd's daughter Catherine married her stepbrother, Crittenden's son Thomas; their son, John Jordan Crittenden III, was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
As a result of the Old Court – New Court controversy, Kentucky's politicians became divided between the Democrats and the National Republicans.
Because of Crittenden's support of his presidential bid, President Adams appointed him United States district attorney for the district of Kentucky in 1827.
In 1828, Adams nominated him to replace Kentuckian Robert Trimble as an associate justice of the Supreme Court, but Jackson supporters in the Senate refused to confirm him.
When Jackson defeated Adams in the 1828 presidential election, he removed Crittenden from his post as district attorney because of his association with Clay and his opposition to Jackson's financial policies.
Though his nomination was all but certain, Crittenden declined the opportunity, fearing that his association with Clay, who was losing popularity in the state, would cost his party the election.
Instead, he threw his support behind Thomas Metcalfe, who went on to carry a very close election over Democrat William T. Barry.
Secretly, the party wished to nominate Henry Clay, giving him a springboard from which to launch another presidential campaign, but it was unknown whether he would be able to secure enough votes for confirmation; it was decided that Crittenden would be the nominee, and if the voting favored the Whigs by a large enough margin, Crittenden would withdraw and allow them to confirm Clay instead.
Crittenden garnered sixty-eight votes on fourteen different ballots, but he refused to vote for himself because he wanted Clay to be the nominee.
Crittenden went on to manage both the unsuccessful gubernatorial campaign of Richard Aylett Buckner and the campaign to help Clay win Kentucky in the 1832 presidential election.
After Clay's defeat in 1832, he offered to resign his Senate seat and allow Crittenden to succeed him, but Crittenden refused the offer.
On July 4, 1834, he called to order the party's first organizational meeting in the state at Cove Spring on the outskirts of Frankfort.
He was chosen as chair of the committee on resolutions and in a speech on July 5, bitterly condemned President Jackson.
Immediately upon taking his seat in the Senate, Crittenden was named to the Committee on Public Lands and the Committee on the Judiciary, probably due to Clay's influence.
Early in his term, Crittenden vociferously opposed Senator Thomas H. Benton's proposal to spend the federal budget surplus on public land graduation and military fortifications along the eastern seaboard.
He also blasted the Jackson administration for issuing the Specie Circular, requiring that all payment for government land be made in gold or silver.
He pointed out that the principles of the circular had been presented in a resolution on the Senate floor, but had been tabled by a large majority.
Crittenden maintained that the tabling of the resolution was a condemnation by the Senate, yet the administration issued the circular only months later, overstepping, as Crittenden saw it, the bounds of the executive branch's authority.
Crittenden debated the issue at length with Senator Benton, and Congress ultimately passed a bill requiring the government to accept the notes of specie-paying banks for the purchase of government lands, but President Jackson employed his pocket veto to prevent it from becoming law.
He supported Henry Clay's plan for distributing proceeds from the sale of public lands among the states, and also joined Clay in opposing the administration-backed Second Seminole War.
In 1836, he resisted petitions by the Quakers to abolish slavery in Washington, D.C., but he also opposed radical pro-slavery measures such as John C. Calhoun's proposal to ban abolitionist literature from being delivered by mail in the Southern states.
In contrast to his usually conciliatory nature, Crittenden was drawn into a disagreement between congressmen Jonathan Cilley and William J. Graves that ended in a duel.
When Cilley refused to receive the communication from Graves, Graves charged that Cilley was questioning Webb's honor and challenged him to a duel.
Graves, accompanied by Kentucky congressman Richard Menefee and Virginia congressman Richard Wise asked Crittenden to serve as a second for Graves in the duel; Crittenden initially protested, but finally agreed.
The House proposed the expulsion of Graves and the censure of the other participants (excluding Crittenden, who was a senator and not subject to House censure).
The resolutions of expulsion and censure were eventually tabled, but Crittenden personally felt the sting of what he considered an indirect censure and later regretted his actions.
During the balloting at the party's 1839 convention, candidates Clay and General Winfield Scott played cards with Crittenden and Whig politician George Evans at the Astor House hotel in New York City.
When the group received word of William Henry Harrison's victory, Clay blamed his loss on Scott and struck him, with the blow landing on the shoulder which had been wounded during Scott's participation in the Battle of Lundy's Lane.
Scott then sent Crittenden to Clay with Scott's challenge for a duel, but Crittenden reconciled them by convincing Clay to apologize.
Crittenden was re-elected to the Senate in 1840 even though he was widely expected to be named to a position in Harrison's cabinet.
The plaintiff in the case was an individual whose property had been damaged during Andrew Jackson's invasion of what would become the Florida Territory in 1818.
A Florida court found in favor of the plaintiff and ordered the federal government to compensate him for the damages and to pay him interest on his claim from the time the damages were incurred.
Treasury Secretary Thomas Ewing asked Crittenden whether the court had the authority to award interest and whether or not it should be paid.
A group of his friends in Woodford County purchased his boyhood home and presented it to him as a gift on his return to Kentucky.
The Whigs' feud with President Tyler continued unabated, and some even talked of impeaching him, but Crittenden condemned that course of action.
Clay believed the Democrats would again nominate Martin Van Buren, who was ardently opposed to annexation, and this would keep annexation from becoming an issue in the campaign.
At the Democratic nominating convention a month later, however, Van Buren was unable to secure his party's nomination, and the Democrats instead nominated James K. Polk, who strongly favored annexation.
Clay tried to moderate his views on annexation, but his changes of position drew opposition from supporters of both sides of the issue as he attempted to find a middle ground.
This was the last time Clay would be nominated for president, and many Whigs believed that, following Clay's defeat, Crittenden was the new leader of their party.
Lewis Cass, a senator from Michigan, supported an immediate termination of the joint occupation agreement and maintained that a war with the British over the matter was inevitable.
Crittenden disagreed, and insisted that Britain be given two years notice before the joint occupation of the territory was ended in order to allow time for a diplomatic resolution.
Ultimately, Crittenden's position prevailed, and a compromise with Britain was effected, setting the dividing line between the two nations' claims at the 49th parallel north.
Crittenden did not support the war, and after war was declared, he insisted that commissioners accompany the U.S. armies and attempt to broker peace at every opportunity.
A few Whigs joined the Democratic majority in Congress to ratify the treaty and defeat the Wilmot Proviso, which would have banned slavery in the newly acquired territory.
A Democratic senator from Rhode Island opined that Crittenden could win support from a sizable number of Democrats in addition to the support of his own party.
Clay hoped Crittenden would again support him, but Crittenden concluded that Clay was no longer a viable candidate and threw his support behind Kentuckian Zachary Taylor.
This decision caused a rift between the two friends, and they were not reconciled until years later when Clay lay on his deathbed.
William J. Graves, out of politics since his fatal shooting of Representative Cilley, had the backing of sitting Whig governor William Owsley, while Archibald Dixon had secured support from former Whig governor Robert P. Letcher.
Letcher wrote to Crittenden that a Whig split and Democratic victory in the gubernatorial election would have an injurious effect on Whig hopes of carrying Kentucky in the 1848 presidential election; another former Whig governor, Thomas Metcalfe, concurred.
At the Whig nominating convention, both Graves and Dixon withdrew their names and a delegate from Logan County put forward Crittenden's name without his consent.
He would also have to abandon his growing legal practice before the Supreme Court and would lose input on national issues of importance to him such as the territorial questions that grew out of the Mexican War.
Nevertheless, he believed that his candidacy would unite the Whigs and help Taylor win Kentucky's electoral votes in the general election.
Elijah Hise, Chief Justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals, was the leading candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination, but after the Whig nomination of Crittenden, Hise withdrew from consideration.
As Crittenden canvassed the state, his opponents charged him with disloyalty to Clay because he refused to support him in the 1848 election.
Crittenden maintained that he supported Clay for the presidency over anyone else, but he had believed that Clay did not intend to seek the Whig nomination in 1848.
With his own campaign at a close, Crittenden resumed direction of Taylor's presidential campaign, dispatching accomplished Whig speakers to all parts of the country.
Appeals came in from both Whig and Democratic leaders across the country urging him to serve in the cabinet; Taylor was inexperienced, and many felt that without Crittenden to guide him, his administration would fail.
Crittenden's input is believed to have contributed significantly to the appointments of John M. Clayton as Secretary of State and Orlando Brown as Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Resigning the governorship also would have amounted to admitting to the Democrats' charges that he only sought the office to help Taylor win the presidency.
Finally, he had not been able to fully heal the breach in the Whig Party, and he wanted to remedy that situation.
In response to Crittenden's call for financial support for the improvement of public education, the General Assembly passed a common school law on February 26, 1849.
The Assembly also reserved tolls collected on the Kentucky, Green, and Barren rivers for education, and passed a two percent property tax to fund the state's schools.
Crittenden ordered the refurbishing of the state penitentiary, which had been damaged by a fire, and called for an extensive state geological survey.
The state adopted a new constitution during Crittenden's term, though Crittenden was not a delegate to the constitutional convention and apparently had little influence on the drafting of the document.
Most Whigs opposed the calling of a constitutional convention because it would necessarily involve reapportionment of the state's legislative districts and threaten Whig dominance in the General Assembly; nevertheless, Crittenden belatedly supported the call for a convention during his 1848 gubernatorial campaign.
In response, the state senate passed a resolution calling on Kentucky's citizens to cherish the Union and resist any efforts to secede.
Believing the rift in the Whig Party was now much improved, he accepted the offer and resigned the governorship in 1850.
Fillmore, an opponent of slavery, requested an opinion from Crittenden on the constitutionality of the fugitive slave law, one of the bills involved in the Compromise of 1850.
Crittenden said that it did not, opining that it discharged a duty placed on Congress by the Constitution to return runaway slaves.
Questions regarding claims in Florida, some already considered by Crittenden during his first term as attorney general, continued during his second term.
The claimants contended that this allowed an executive officer to overrule a judicial decision in violation of the doctrine of separation of powers.
Further, he reiterated his 1841 decision that no interest could be paid on claims arising from damages resulting from Jackson's invasion.
Despite this opinion, a Florida judge awarded interest to one of the claimants, and the government appealed the case to the Supreme Court, with Crittenden serving as the government's counsel.
In this capacity, he wrote a vigorous warning to both Britain and France about interfering in the question of Cuban independence.
He also encouraged adherence to the United States' traditional policy of non-interference in Europe during the celebrated visit of Hungarian revolutionary Louis Kossuth to the United States in 1851.
Underwood, whose term would expire in 1853, desired re-election, and Whigs Charles S. Morehead and George Robertson had also announced their respective candidacies.
Crittenden, whose term as attorney general also expired in 1853, had publicly announced that he wished to return to the Senate after his service in President Fillmore's cabinet, and upon learning this, Underwood and Morehead both withdrew from the race.
Robertson was not expected to seriously challenge Crittenden, but following the withdrawals of the other candidates, Archibald Dixon entered the race.
Historically an ally of Crittenden, Dixon's entrance into the race after Crittenden's announcement showed that he had switched his allegiance from Crittenden to Clay.
Democrats, desirous to defeat Crittenden and embarrass the Whigs, pledged to vote against him at all costs, even if it meant electing Dixon.
Balloting deadlocked for several days, with Clay supporters throwing their support to Dixon, Robertson, and Lieutenant Governor John B. Thompson, a compromise candidate.
Another compromise was proposed whereby Clay, his health failing, would resign his Senate seat, creating two Senate vacancies and allowing both Dixon and Crittenden to be elected, but Clay refused to cooperate.
Finally, on the night of December 11, 1851, the Whigs met in caucus and agreed to withdraw both Dixon and Crittenden and elect Thompson.
Three weeks before Clay's death in 1852, he sent for Crittenden, and the two were reconciled; Critteden delivered a eulogy for Clay in September 1852, publicly dispelling the feud.
He encouraged the party to support the nomination of Millard Fillmore for the presidency in 1852, but the nomination ultimately went to Winfield Scott.
Now satisfied that the feud between Clay and Crittenden had ended, Dixon did not seek re-election, leaving Crittenden with no Whig opposition.
In the period between his election and his taking office, Crittenden was the lead defense counsel in the murder trial of Matt F. Ward, the son of one of Crittenden's lifelong friends.
Ward's younger brother had been disciplined by the principal at Louisville Male High School the preceding November, and the elder Ward went to argue with the principal on behalf of his brother.
Because the prosecution sought the death penalty, Crittenden asserted that if the jury rendered an erroneous conviction, they would have no peace of mind knowing they had sentenced an innocent man to hang.
The Whig Party had practically dissolved by this time, and he joined many of his fellow Kentuckians in associating with the Know Nothing Party.
Although he did not agree with all the party's principles, he would not associate with the Democrats, the party he had spent much of his career denouncing, nor would he associate with the new Republican Party because of their stance against slavery.
Despite his misgivings about some of the party platform, he campaigned on behalf of Millard Fillmore, the party's candidate in the 1856 presidential election.
Crittenden was present on May 22, 1856, when Congressman Preston Brooks attacked Senator Charles Sumner with a cane on the floor of the Senate.
During the attack, Brooks's allies from the House, Laurence M. Keitt and Henry A. Edmundson, prevented witnesses from coming to Sumner's aid.
Senator Robert Toombs then had to intercede for Crittenden, telling Keitt that it would be wrong to attack someone who was not a party to the Brooks-Sumner dispute, though Toombs also indicated later that he had no issue with Brooks beating Sumner, and in fact approved of it.
An opponent of the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854, Crittenden also opposed repealing the Missouri Compromise unless the North agreed to substitute popular sovereignty for the exclusion of slavery north of the 36°30' line.
In early 1856, he proposed sending General Winfield Scott to the Kansas Territory to ensure that fair elections were held there, but the proposal was blocked by the Pierce administration.
He did not agree with all of the act proposed by Robert Toombs to allow for a constitutional convention in Kansas Territory, but he supported it as a step to bring peace there.
He regarded the ratifications of both the Topeka Constitution and the Lecompton Constitution as invalid, and made one of the most highly regarded speeches of his career in opposition to the latter.
His substitute bill that would have resubmitted the Lecompton Constitution to Kansas for another ratification vote was supported by Republicans, but it was ultimately defeated.
So great was Crittenden's influence after his actions on the Kansas question that Abraham Lincoln felt that Crittenden's endorsement of Stephen Douglas cost Lincoln the Illinois senatorial election in 1858.
From 1858 to 1860, Crittenden sought out moderates from all sections of the country to effect compromise on the territorial and slavery issues, thus averting war.
In 1860, he was named chair of the National Union Executive Committee, a group of congressmen and journalists who feared that sectional differences would destroy the Union.
Chosen as the keynote speaker at the party's national convention on May 9, 1860, many urged him to become their nominee for president.
At age seventy-three, however, Crittenden was already contemplating retirement and instead orchestrated the nomination of John Bell, whom he actively supported in the 1860 presidential race.
Even after the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, Crittenden rejected the idea that secession was inevitable and continued to work for the preservation of the Union.
However, he believed that this compromise must not be a simple legislative action, which could be altered or even repealed by a successive Congress, but amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which would be much more difficult to change.
Among the resolutions were a condemnation of Northern personal liberty laws and an assertion of the constitutionality of the fugitive slave law.
The amendments would have restored the Missouri Compromise line and extended it to California as a line of demarcation between slave and free territories.
Crittenden's other amendments would have further guaranteed that slavery would remain legal indefinitely in Washington, D.C., so long as it was legal in either Maryland or Virginia and that slaveholders would be reimbursed for runaway slaves.
Also, the amendments denied Congress any power to interfere with the interstate slave trade or with slavery in the existing Southern states and made the fugitive slave law and Three-Fifths Compromise perpetual in duration.
Though it was believed that Republicans in general, including their representatives on the committee, were disposed to accept Crittenden's compromise or one substantially similar to it, President-elect Lincoln had already instructed his trusted allies in the legislature to resist any plan to extend slavery into the territories.
Consequently, when the committee held its first meeting, the Republican members blocked Crittenden's plan and six others from coming to the floor for a vote.
After the rejection of Crittenden's plan in committee, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia followed South Carolina's lead and passed ordinances of secession.
On January 3, 1861, Crittenden tried to salvage his plan by recommending to the full Senate that it be submitted to the people in referendum.
It was widely believed that a referendum would recommend adoption of Crittenden's plan, and Republicans in Congress used a variety of procedures to prevent a vote on allowing it.
On January 16, with procedural delays exhausted, New Hampshire Senator Daniel Clark moved to substitute for Crittenden's plan a resolution stating that constitutional amendments were unnecessary to preserve the Union, and that enforcement of the Constitution and the present laws would eliminate the need for special sectional guarantees.
With the senators from southern states (both those that had seceded and those that had not) refusing to vote, Republicans were left with a majority in the chamber and passed Clark's substitute resolution, effectively killing Crittenden's proposal.
Having learned that John Archibald Campbell, an Alabaman serving on the Supreme Court, had decided to resign in light of his state's secession, President Lincoln proposed to appoint Crittenden to the vacant seat.
Lincoln's cabinet approved, and the nomination papers were drafted, but Campbell belatedly reconsidered his resignation, and by the time he definitely determined to resign, Lincoln had changed his mind regarding Crittenden's nomination.
Having failed to secure compromise at the federal level, Crittenden returned to Kentucky in early 1861, attempting to persuade his home state to reject the overtures of fellow southern states and remain in the Union.
Crittenden joined Archibald Dixon and S. S. Nicholas as Unionist representatives at the conference; the Southern Rights position was represented by John C. Breckinridge, Governor Beriah Magoffin, and Richard Hawes.
To counter any threat that the militia would seize control of the state for the South, the General Assembly organized the Home Guard, a separate militia controlled by a five-man, pro-Union commission.
Slates of delegates were nominated by both the Unionists and the Southern Rightists, but war broke out before the election of delegates; the Southern Rights delegates withdrew from the election, and the Unionist slate, including Crittenden, was chosen by default.
With war having largely precluded any good the meeting could have accomplished, only nine of Kentucky's twelve delegates were present, along with four from Missouri (out of seven elected), and one from Tennessee (and his election was questionable); Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware sent no delegates.
Ultimately, the convention accomplished little beyond calling on the southern states to reconsider their secession and on the northern states to moderate their demands.
Against his father's wishes, Crittenden's son George resigned his position as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army to join the Confederate States Army (in which he was promoted to brigadier and then to major general), only to effectively lose his career in the early Confederate defeat at Mill Springs, Kentucky.
George's brother, Thomas Leonidas Crittenden, had been a member of Buckner's State Guard, but joined the Union Army in September 1861 and was advanced to the rank of brigadier general, serving under Don Carlos Buell.
One of John Crittenden's grandsons, John Crittenden Coleman, enlisted with the Confederate Army, while another grandson, John Crittenden Watson, graduated from the U.S.
President Lincoln called a special session of Congress to convene July 4, 1861, and Kentucky held special elections in June to select congressmen for the special session.
Crittenden had expressed his desire to retire from public service and initially refused pleas to become a candidate, but he finally consented to run in late May.
He was elected over secessionist candidate William E. Simms; in all, nine of Kentucky's ten congressional districts selected Unionist candidates in the special election.
On July 10, 1861, he accompanied Simon B. Buckner on a visit to President Lincoln to secure a renewed commitment from Lincoln to respect Kentucky's neutrality; Lincoln agreed only to issue a declaration that he had no present designs on Kentucky but would not commit to restrict his future actions.
In order to calm the fears of border state citizens concerned about the Union's objectives in the war, he introduced the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, which blamed the secessionist states for the war and stated that the object of the war was not the subjugation of those states, but the defense of the Constitution and the preservation of the Union.
Burnett was one of only two votes against the portion of the resolution blaming the Southern states for the war; the only dissent on the remaining portion came from Wisconsin's John F. Potter and Ohio's Albert G. Riddle.
After Congress adjourned in late July 1861, Crittenden returned home to Frankfort, but soon had to flee the city as Confederate generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith invaded Kentucky, capturing both Frankfort and Lexington.
He returned to his home in Frankfort shortly after the Battle of Perryville drove the Confederates from the state on October 8, 1862.
Returning for the regular congressional session, he became the conduit through which many reports of unconstitutional military arrests in Kentucky were channeled.
He spoke against the admission of West Virginia to the Union on the grounds that Virginia had not consented to the creation of the state from its territory.
When he returned to Kentucky following the 37th Congress, Crittenden's health was failing, and he frequently complained of shortness of breath and chest pain.
After remaining bedfast at the home of a local doctor, he returned home to Frankfort, where he died on July 26, 1863.
Among his other notable kinsmen were nephews Thomas Theodore Crittenden, congressman from Missouri, and Thomas Turpin Crittenden, a general in the Union Army.
They were the first election held under the revised Constitution of 1997, which instituted a new electoral system and resulted in Mahendra Chaudhry taking office as Fiji's first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister.
Previously, all seats in the Fijian House of Representatives had been allocated on an ethnic basis, with the numbers deliberately skewed in favour of ethnic Fijians.
The Fijian Association Party, led by Adi Kuini Speed (the widow of former Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra), won 11 seats (10 ethnic Fijian and 1 open) against only 8 seats (5 ethnic Fijian and 3 open) for the Fijian Political Party, which had ruled the country since 1992.
The Christian Democratic Alliance won 3 seats (2 ethnic Fijian and one open), while Apisai Tora's Party of National Unity won four ethnic Fijian seats.
Many ethnic Fijians were unwilling to accept the result of the election, which was partly because their own votes had been so fragmented while those of Indo-Fijians had been much more united.
Simmering resentment exploded on 19 May 2000, when George Speight stormed the parliament buildings and kidnapped most members of the government, including Chaudhry in a coup.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Idaho is the 12th least populous state with inhabitants but the 11th largest by land area spanning of land.
Night Shift is a 1982 American comedy film, directed by Ron Howard, concerning a timid night shift morgue employee whose life is turned upside down by a new co-worker who fancies himself a free-spirited entrepreneur.
Winkler was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, while Keaton won the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor.
They are inspired by the plight of Chuck's prostitute neighbor, Belinda, to apply Chuck's financial acumen and Bill's entrepreneurial spirit to open a prostitution service headquartered at the morgue.
Meanwhile, Chuck and Bill's foray into the prostitution business draws the ire of dangerous pimps who come to the morgue and threaten to kill Chuck.
Because their arrest would be a political embarrassment, the guys are offered their old jobs back and a dismissal of all charges.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 92% of 24 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 6.46/10.
Hunter College High School is a secondary school located in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.
Publicly available data indicate that Hunter has the highest average SAT score, the highest average ACT score and the highest percentage of National Merit Finalists of any high school in the United States, public or private.
The first thing to excite our wonder and admiration was the number – there were 1,542 pupils; the second thing was the earnestness of the discipline; and the third was the suggestiveness of so many girls at work in assembly, with their own education as the primary aim, and the education of countless thousands of others as the final aim, of their toil.
Girls all the way from fourteen to twenty years of age, from the farther edge of childhood to the farther limit of maidenhood; girls with every shade of complexion and degree of beauty; girls in such variety that it was amazing to contemplate the reduction of their individuality to the simple uniformity of their well-drilled movements.
The catholicity and toleration crystallized in the country's Constitution prevail in the college: about two hundred of the students are Jewesses, and a black face, framed in curly African hair, may occasionally be seen.
The aim of the entire course through which the Normal students pass is not so much to burden the mind with facts as it is to develop intellectual power, cultivate judgment, and enable the graduates to take trained ability into the world with them.
Hunter was the subject of the 1992 book Hunter College Campus Schools for the Gifted: The Challenge of Equity and Excellence published by Teachers' College Press.
The high school has occupied a number of buildings throughout its history, including one at the East 68th Street campus of the College (1940–1970).
For several years in the 1970s, it was housed on the 13th and 14th floors of an office building at 466 Lexington Avenue (at East 46th Street), the current location of what is now known as the Park Avenue Atrium.
Since 1977, it has existed at the former site of the Madison Avenue Armory at East 94th Street between Park and Madison Avenues on the Upper East Side.
Although most of the armory building was demolished, the armory's facade, including two empty towers, was left partly standing on Madison Avenue.
The building contains both the high school (grades 7-12) and the elementary school (K-6), which are collectively known as the Hunter College Campus Schools.
Students from the five boroughs of New York City who have high scores on standardized tests are eligible to take the Hunter College High School entrance exam in the January of their sixth grade school year.
Note that this results in an eligible pool of much less than 10% of New York City fifth graders for two reasons.
The first is that much fewer than 10% of New York City public school students score above the statewide 90th percentile on either test.
The second reason is that a student must score in the top 10% on both reading and math tests (so for example, a student scoring in the 99% percentile in math and the 89% percentile in reading will not be eligible to sit for the test, even though their overall score is in the 95th percentile).
Most of those, between 2,000 and 2,300, do sit for the test and of those, between 182 and 185 are offered admission.
As a result, in recent years, the number of African-American students admitted to the school has been increasingly disproportionate to their presence in the public school system.
If you truly believe that the demographics of Hunter represent the distribution of intelligence in this city then you must believe that the Upper West Side, Bayside and Flushing are intrinsically more intelligent than the South Bronx, Bedford-Stuyvesant and Washington Heights, and I refuse to accept that.
Because of its relatively small size, and because the school is run by Hunter College rather than by the city's education department, Hunter has largely avoided being caught up in the debate over diversity at the specialized high schools in New York City.
But, concerns remain about the lack of diversity at the school where only 6.3 percent of the student body is Hispanic and 2.2 percent African American (67% of NYC public school children are black or Hispanic).
Publicly available data indicate that Hunter has both the highest average SAT score and the highest average ACT score of any school in the United States, public or private, though complete data is needed to be conclusive.
The majority of subjects are accelerated such that high school study begins in the 8th grade and state educational requirements are completed in the 11th.
During the 12th grade, students take electives, have the option to attend courses at Hunter College (for transferable credit), undertake independent academic studies, and participate in internships around the city.
Students in grades 7 and 8 are required to take courses in communications and theater (a curriculum that includes drama, storytelling, and theater).
Students in grades 7–9 must take both art and music, each for half a year, and then choose one to take in tenth grade.
One of the four available foreign language courses (French, Latin, Mandarin, or Spanish) must be taken each year in grades 7–10, and Advanced Placement (AP) language electives are offered through the 12th grade.
A year each of biology, chemistry, and physics must be completed in addition to the introductory science classes of life science and physical science in the 7th and 8th grades, respectively.
During 7th and 8th grades, students must also participate in the school's science fair; the fair is optional for older students.
After the introductory 7th grade social studies course, 4 semesters of global studies (8th-9th grades) and 2 semesters (10th grade) are followed by 2 semesters of 20th century history (11th grade).
In 9th grade, students are required to take a CPR course for one semester and a computer science course the other semester Starting in their junior year, students are allowed to take a limited number of electives and AP courses.
The senior year, however, is free of mandated courses except for a year of physical education electives and courses to fulfill leftover educational requirements.
Students have historically graduated with strong writing and reading comprehension skills, reflected by the school's high average SAT scores in critical reading and writing, and by the number of students who have earned recognition by the scholastic writing awards.
AP courses include: AP Computer Science, AP Calculus AB and BC, AP Microeconomics and AP Macroeconomics, AP Psychology, AP European History, AP Chemistry, AP Physics C, AP Biology, AP Statistics, AP Spanish, AP French, AP Mandarin, and (Virgil).
Nearly 99% of Hunter's classes of 2002 through 2005 went directly to college, and about 25% of these students accepted admission into an Ivy League school.
In 2006–2007, 73 of the graduating seniors were accepted into at least one Ivy League school, constituting approximately 40% of the whole class.
In the graduating class of 2015, out of about 190 students, Hunter received 89 total acceptances from the Ivy League, and ultimately, 56 students (≈30%) matriculated into one of the eight Ivy League schools.
Of particular fame are the winners of the Regeneron Science Talent Search (formerly Intel and Westinghouse STS)- the first-place winner in 2005 was Hunter senior David L. V. Bauer ('05), while the 1991 winner was Adam Cohen ('97, now a professor in the Chemistry and Physics Departments at Harvard).
Publicly available data indicate that Hunter has both the highest average SAT score and the highest average ACT score of any school in the United States, public or private, though complete data is needed to be conclusive.
Hunter offers many extra- and co-curricular offerings for a small school: 28 varsity teams, 14 co-curricular organizations, five music groups, four theater groups, student government, 22 publications and over 100 clubs.
During club open house, members of the student body have the opportunity to spend their lunch time meeting representatives of clubs.
The executive board is composed of tenth through twelfth graders, elected by the student body, and includes a president, administrative vice president, activities vice president, treasurer, publicity secretary, and recording secretary.
organizes school-wide events such as Spirit Day, a school-wide outdoor recreation day usually held in October, and Carnival, held at the end of the school year.
Students can choose to further pursue their academic interests through school activities such as the National Economics Challenge, Hunter United Nations Society, Fed Challenge (economics), Mock Trial, Debate Team, Math Team, the Hunter Chess and Go Teams, Quiz Bowl, Science Bowl, History Bowl, First Robotics, and the Washington Seminar.
The Economics Challenge (run by the Council for Economic Education) team was formed in 2013 by two juniors and one sophomore, who subsequently led the Hunter team to become National Champions of the David Ricardo division in their inaugural year.
The Washington Seminar on Government in Action was introduced in the 1950s; students selected for this program research public policy issues throughout the year; arrange meetings with various public figures in Washington, D.C.; and then meet with them for questioning and discussion regarding their researched issue during a three-day trip in May.
The debate team is completely student run and is nationally recognized and attends various tournaments throughout the year including tournaments at universities such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton.
The Middle School debate team is a top-ranked team, that took the top three spots at the Middle School Public Debate Program's National Invitational Tournament at Claremont McKenna College in 2013.
The Quiz Bowl team went on to gain the title of national champions at the 2012 PACE National Scholastics Competition and at the 2016 and 2017 High School National Championship Tournaments.
The History Bowl team were varsity national champions in the 2012 National History Bee and Bowl during its second year and won junior varsity championships in 2015 and 2019.
The band is a woodwind-brass-percussion ensemble, and their focus is mainly on contemporary music, though they sometimes branch off into classical pieces such as Mozart's Horn Concerto in E Flat.
The concert choir is a larger group than the chamber choir, and consists of members from the tenth to twelfth grades.
There is also a selective jazz chorus, founded by former music teacher Campbell Austin, which focuses solely on jazz and pop.
Students may also audition for Junior Orchestra (grades 7–8, except in special cases) or Senior Orchestra (grades 9–12, except in special cases), which perform in the two semi-annual concerts at Hunter, the Winter Concert and the Spring Concert.
Hunter's sports teams are extremely competitive given the school's size; several, including both Girls' and Boys' Volleyball, Swimming, Wrestling, Fencing, Golf, Tennis, and Lacrosse are usually among the top 10 in the city.
The number of varsity teams- 31 -that compete in the Public Schools Athletic League (PSAL) is also an exceptional number, given the school's size.
Some exceptions, however, are the boys' volleyball team (Hunter Hitmen), the girls' volleyball team (Headhunters), the girls' swim team (Hunter Duckies), and the Ultimate Frisbee teams (Hunter Halcyons).
In the 1983–84 school year, the Hunter Heat, Hunter's bowling team, finished as the top team in Manhattan, Staten Island, and the Bronx, losing to Cordozo High School (number one team in Queens and Brooklyn) in the PSAL city championship.
Benjamin Sobel ('12) bowled for Ohio State University after great success in the high school level, both in PSAL and nationally.
In 1984 the boys' cross country team, in its second year in existence, defeated George Washington High School for the Manhattan Championship.
In 1992, 1993 and 1994 the girls volleyball team reached the New York City PSAL championships, clinching a win only in the autumn 1994 final.
During the 1998–2001 era, an unusual concentration of athletic talent led the basketball team deep into the PSAL playoffs for 3 consecutive seasons.
In 2005, the boys' volleyball team finished 4th in the city, the girls' soccer team reached the playoff semifinals, and co-ed fencing finished 3rd in the city.
This was quickly followed, on November 22, 2005, with the Hunter Girls Varsity Volleyball team's defeat of JFK High School to become the New York City Champions.
In 2009 Hunter's girls swim team beat rival school Bronx Science for the first time in nine years by six points.
During the 2005–2006 school year, the girls' volleyball team won the PSAL city championship after many years of falling short of the championship, losing in the semifinals and finals.
The girls' and boys' tennis teams also did well in the 2006 season, with the girls' team ranked 4th in the city, and the boys' team ranked 7th.
In the winter of 2006 the boys' fencing team won the PSAL city championship for the second year in a row, beating rival school Stuyvesant in the finals.
It has since captured the silver medal in winter 2008, losing to Stuyvesant in the final, and the bronze medal in winter 09, again losing to Stuyvesant, after beating them twice during an undefeated regular season to win the division championship.
Following another undefeated season, the team took first place in 2014, winning in a single-touch tie-breaker against rival Brooklyn Technical High School.
Hunter's varsity baseball and basketball teams were relegated to the B Division at the beginning of the 2006–07 school year, and reacted well to these changes.
Both teams made deep playoff runs, with basketball losing in the second round, and baseball upsetting the second seeded team and losing in the quarterfinals.
In the spring of 2008, the baseball team lost in the second round of the playoffs to eventual finalist and top-seeded Bayard Rustin.
At the beginning of the 2007–08 school year, Hunter's boys varsity soccer team also moved to the B Division of the PSAL, and finished the season with a 7–1 record, culminating in a heartbreaking playoff loss.
In 2010, Hunter's boys varsity soccer team, under the lead of returning Coach Asumana Randolph, defied all odds by winning their division, and winning the first round of playoffs in overtime, a game which in past seasons has been the last.
Hunter continued their streak to the championship, where they played Monroe Campus and won in a shut out; 3–0, becoming the first Hunter Boys' soccer team to win the PSAL championship.
A rough game, the championship was won at the cost of broken leg of Captain Emmett Kim, who was injured while scoring a goal.
Coach Asumana Randolph, ecstatic about the magnificent season, promised the team an African dinner; motivation which helped them push through each playoff round.
That season, prior to winning the City Championship, they were ranked third overall among all city schools, both public and private (after first-ranked Dalton and second-ranked Tottenville).
In the 2016 season, the Girls' varsity golf team won the citywide PSAL championship, defeating Bronx Science High School 5-0 in the finals..
The team went on to win the city championship in the 2017 and 2018 seasons as well, capturing the title for three years in a row.
The Hunter theater program is an active one, often with a season of four main-stage productions and many other showcase productions.
In a season of four main-stage productions, they normally fall into these categories: a Shakespeare play (often referred to as Shax); a Musical (Musical Repertoire, often referred to as REP); Hunter Classics, for students in grades 7 through 9; and the Brick Prison Playhouse, showcasing several student-written plays.
There are likewise two Theater Production Practicum (TPP) showcases, with student-directed one-act plays (through the class TPP), as well as a 7th grade play festival.
In the 2016-17 school year, the theatre season consisted of Musical Rep, followed by a student directed straight play, followed by Classics, then Brick.
Students at Hunter often enjoy various social events that are sponsored by the school administration, faculty and the student-run General Organization (G.O.).
Schrödinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality is a 1995 book by John Gribbin, in which the author attempts to explain the mysteries of modern quantum mechanics in a popular-scientific way.
His argument does not refute the theory, but demonstrates how all theories can be true and mythological (depending on one's perspective).
John Crittenden (1754 – 1809) was a Major in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1790 to 1805.
He was the scion of a powerful family of politicians and military officers who played key roles in the politics of several southern states through the end of the 19th century.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Illinois is the 6th most populous state with inhabitants but the 24th largest by land area spanning of land.
The work was never completed because of the rapid advance of the Red Army during the Baltic Offensive in late 1944.
He began using the nickname in the early 1930s and it was often how he was addressed by those in his intimate circle.
The decision was made in late 1940 to build Wolf's Lair in the middle of a forest, far from major roads and urban areas.
About two thousand people lived and worked at Wolf's Lair at its peak, among them twenty women, some of whom were required to eat Hitler's food to test for poison.
Buildings within the complex were camouflaged with bushes, grass, and artificial trees on the flat roofs; netting was also erected between buildings and the surrounding forest so that the installation looked like unbroken dense woodland from the air.
The FBK and RSD had responsibility for Hitler's personal security within the Wolf's Lair while external protection of the complex was provided by the FBB, which had become a regiment by July 1944.
According to Speer, between 28 July 1941 and 20 March 1942, Hitler left Rastenburg only four times for a total of 57 days.
The Soviet Union was unaware of both the location and the scale of the complex until it was uncovered by their forces in their advance towards Germany in early 1945.
Hitler would begin his day when he was in residence by taking a walk alone with his dog around 9 or 10 am, and at 10:30 am he looked at the mail that had been delivered by air or courier train.
Hitler invariably sat in the same seat between Jodl and Otto Dietrich, while Keitel, Martin Bormann, and Göring's adjutant General Karl Bodenschatz sat opposite him.
Dinner could also last as long as two hours, beginning at 7:30 pm, after which films were shown in the cinema.
Hitler then retired to his private quarters where he gave monologues to his entourage, including the two female secretaries who had accompanied him to the Wolf's Lair.
Occasionally, Hitler and his entourage listened to gramophone records of Beethoven symphonies, selections from Wagner or other operas, or German lieder.
In July 1944, an attempt was made to kill Hitler at Wolf's Lair which became known as the 20 July plot.
Staff officer Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg would carry a briefcase bomb into a daily conference meeting and place it just a few feet away from Hitler.
Stauffenberg's assassination attempt was unsuccessful because of this change in venue, along with several other factors, such as Hitler unexpectedly calling the meeting earlier than anticipated.
It was between here and the final checkpoint of Sperrkreis 3 that Haeften tossed another briefcase from the car containing an unused second bomb.
The attempted assassination of Hitler at the Wolf Lair was part of Operation Valkyrie, a covert plan to take control and suppress any revolt in the German Reich following Hitler's death.
News arrived from Wolf's Lair that Hitler was still alive, and troops loyal to the Nazi regime quickly re-established control of key government buildings.
Von Stauffenberg, his adjutant Werner von Haeften, and several co-conspirators were arrested and shot the same evening outside the Bendlerblock in Berlin.
Hitler departed from the Wolf's Lair for the final time on 20 November when the Soviet advance reached Angerburg (now Węgorzewo), away.
The demolition took place on the night of 24–25 January 1945, ten days after the start of the Red Army's Vistula–Oder Offensive.
The area was cleared of abandoned ordnance such as land mines following the war, and the entire site was left to decay by Poland's Communist government.
The Ibar, also known as the Ibër and Ibri (, , ), is a river that flows through eastern Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo, with a total length of .
The river begins in the Hajla mountain, in Rožaje, eastern Montenegro, and passes through Kosovo to flow into the West Morava river near Kraljevo, central Serbia.
Passing through the most southern part of Raška District, it flows through several small villages, but this is one of the least populated areas of Kosovo.
In this whole area, the river has no major tributaries, but many short streams which flow into it from surrounding mountains.
There, it makes a sharp, elbow turn to the north, flowing through Zvecan, Slatina, Socanica, Leposavic, Dren and Lesak, entering central Serbia proper at the village of Donje Jarinje.
These lakes allow irrigation of an area of 300 km², representing part of a plan, never completed, of a huge Ibar-Lepenac Hydrosystem, which was supposed to regulate the Ibar-Sitnica-Lepenac watercourse (including ecological protection, irrigation and power production).
At Mitrovica, the river enters a minerals and ore rich area of the western slopes of Kopaonik mountain, which it follows for the next or so.
Entering central Serbia again, the river receives its major tributaries: the Raška, Studenica and Lopatnica, from the left, and the Jošanica.
In this section, the river has carved the long and deep Ibar gorge, which is the natural route for the major road in this part of Serbia, the Ibar Highway.
The gorge is carved between the mountains of Golija, Čemerno and Troglav from the east, and Kopaonik, Željin and Stolovi from the west.
This is a continuation of Kopaonik's mining rich area, including deposits of iron ore (Kopaonik, Raška), nickel (Kopaonik), asbestos (Brvenik), magnesite (Bela Stena) and hard coal (Baljevac, Ušće and Jarando).
The Ibar has previously gained notoriety as being the most polluted river in Serbia (together with its major tributary, the Sitnica), especially from frequent spills of extremely poisonous phenol, which causes constant problems for the population of Kraljevo, since the city uses the river's water for public waterworks.
It was depopulated in 1943 along with the town of White Bluffs in order to make room for the nuclear production facility known as the Hanford Site.
The original town, named for the judge and irrigation company president Cornelius H. Hanford, was settled in 1907 on land bought by the local power and water utility.
By 1925 the town was booming thanks to high agricultural demand, and it boasted a hotel, bank, and its own elementary and high schools.
The former Hanford High School still stands today, marred by its use during the years for SWAT practice, and can be seen from the Hanford tour bus operated by the U.S. government.
Julia Kavanagh (7 January 1824 – 28 October 1877) was an Irish novelist, born at Thurles in Tipperary, Ireland—then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Although she is mainly known for the novel and tales she wrote, she also published important non-fiction works that explored the theme of female political, moral and philosophical contributions to society.
The appeal of her works is represented by the fact that several of her works have been translated into French, German, Italian and Swedish.
Born in Thurles, a small town in Munster, Ireland, Julia was the only child of Morgan Kavanagh (died 1874), author of various philological works and some poems, and Bridget Kavanagh (née Fitzpatrick).
Julia spent several years of her early life with her parents in Paris, laying the foundations for a mastery of the French language and gaining insight into French modes of thought, eventually perfected by her later frequent and long residences in France.
An attempt to capitalize on his daughter's literary fame by adding her as co-author to one of his published novels brought Julia much annoyance.
Kavanagh's literary career began in 1844 at the age of 20, when she moved with her mother, after separating from her father in France.
Julia and her mother were again living in Paris from the early 1860s, but moved to Rouen and then to Nice upon the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War.
how silly I am to have fallen.” She is buried with her mother in the Cimitiere du Chateau, on the hill above the Old Town to the east of Nice.
Her style is domestic, simple and pleasing, aimed at younger woman readers; her main characters tend to be strong independent and resourceful women.
Modern scholars see a pronounced awareness of gender politics in Kavanagh's writing and view her as a writer whose works consciously exposed the anomalies of social and sexual difference while still adhering to the conventions of the time.
He donated 400 acres of land and money to establish Stony Brook University in 1957, which has developed as a major public research institution.
Upon the United States' entrance into World War I, Melville became a soldier of the U.S. Army and the firm mass produced shoes for the Army's soldiers.
He supported the restoration and preservation of historic buildings in the area to encourage his vision of a New England village.
Under his leadership, Stony Brook was organized around a town green and the Stony Brook Village Center was completed in 1941.
His larger contribution was the donation of 400 acres of land and money to New York state to establish what is now the Stony Brook University, which was founded in 1957.
Emphasizing teacher education in mathematics and sciences, the university has developed as a major public research institution in medicine and science.
After joining his father in his company in 1909, Melville married Dorothy Bigelow (1894–1989), a daughter of Isabella Lyall and Charles Emerson Bigelow.
They expanded the home, a Cape Cod style cottage built by Alexander Hamilton Jr., a grandson of the first Treasury Secretary, and his wife, Elizabeth Nicoll Hamilton, into a 22-room mansion which they called Wide Water.
A magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid, or MRF) is a type of smart fluid in a carrier fluid, usually a type of oil.
When subjected to a magnetic field, the fluid greatly increases its apparent viscosity, to the point of becoming a viscoelastic solid.
The upshot is that the fluid's ability to transmit force can be controlled with an electromagnet, which gives rise to its many possible control-based applications.
MR fluid particles are primarily on the micrometre-scale and are too dense for Brownian motion to keep them suspended (in the lower density carrier fluid).
The magnetic particles, which are typically micrometer or nanometer scale spheres or ellipsoids, are suspended within the carrier oil and distributed randomly in suspension under normal circumstances, as below.
When a magnetic field is applied, however, the microscopic particles (usually in the 0.1–10 µm range) align themselves along the lines of magnetic flux, see below.
To understand and predict the behavior of the MR fluid it is necessary to model the fluid mathematically, a task slightly complicated by the varying material properties (such as yield stress).
As mentioned above, smart fluids are such that they have a low viscosity in the absence of an applied magnetic field, but become quasi-solid with the application of such a field.
This yield stress (commonly referred to as apparent yield stress) is dependent on the magnetic field applied to the fluid, but will reach a maximum point after which increases in magnetic flux density have no further effect, as the fluid is then magnetically saturated.
The behavior of a MR fluid can thus be considered similar to a Bingham plastic, a material model which has been well-investigated.
MR fluids are also known to be subject to shear thinning, whereby the viscosity above yield decreases with increased shear rate.
Where formula_2 = shear stress; formula_3 = yield stress; formula_4 = Magnetic field intensity formula_5 = Newtonian viscosity; formula_6 is the velocity gradient in the z-direction.
If the fluid is compressed in the magnetic field direction and the compressive stress is 2 MPa, the shear strength is raised to 1100 kPa.
Ferroparticles settle out of the suspension over time due to the inherent density difference between the particles and their carrier fluid.
The rate and degree to which this occurs is one of the primary attributes considered in industry when implementing or designing an MR device.
Surfactants are typically used to offset this effect, but at a cost of the fluid's magnetic saturation, and thus the maximum yield stress exhibited in its activated state.
These surfactants serve to decrease the rate of ferroparticle settling, of which a high rate is an unfavorable characteristic of MR fluids.
The ideal MR fluid would never settle, but developing this ideal fluid is as highly improbable as developing a perpetual motion machine according to our current understanding of the laws of physics.
Surfactant-aided prolonged settling is typically achieved in one of two ways: by addition of surfactants, and by addition of spherical ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Addition of the nanoparticles results in the larger particles staying suspended longer since the non-settling nanoparticles interfere with the settling of the larger micrometre-scale particles due to Brownian motion.
A surfactant has a polar head and non-polar tail (or vice versa), one of which adsorbs to a ferroparticle, while the non-polar tail (or polar head) sticks out into the carrier medium, forming an inverse or regular micelle,respectively, around the particle.
Steric repulsion then prevents heavy agglomeration of the particles in their settled state, which makes fluid remixing (particle redispersion) occur far faster and with less effort.
For example, magnetorheological dampers will remix within one cycle with a surfactant additive, but are nearly impossible to remix without them.
While surfactants are useful in prolonging the settling rate in MR fluids, they also prove detrimental to the fluid's magnetic properties (specifically, the magnetic saturation), which is commonly a parameter which users wish to maximize in order to increase the maximum apparent yield stress.
An MR fluid is used in one of three main modes of operation, these being flow mode, shear mode and squeeze-flow mode.
These modes involve, respectively, fluid flowing as a result of pressure gradient between two stationary plates; fluid between two plates moving relative to one another; and fluid between two plates moving in the direction perpendicular to their planes.
In all cases the magnetic field is perpendicular to the planes of the plates, so as to restrict fluid in the direction parallel to the plates.
Flow mode can be used in dampers and shock absorbers, by using the movement to be controlled to force the fluid through channels, across which a magnetic field is applied.
Studies published beginning in the late 2000s which explore the effect of varying the aspect ratio of the ferromagnetic particles have shown several improvements over conventional MR fluids.
This observation has been attributed to a lower close-packing density due to decreased symmetry of the wires compared to spheres, as well as the structurally supportive nature of a nanowire lattice held together by remnant magnetization.
Further, they show a different range of loading of particles (typically measured in either volume or weight fraction) than conventional sphere- or ellipsoid-based fluids.
Conventional commercial fluids exhibit a typical loading of 30 to 90 wt%, while nanowire-based fluids show a percolation threshold of ~0.5 wt% (depending on the aspect ratio).
They also show a maximum loading of ~35 wt%, since high aspect ratio particles exhibit a larger per particle excluded volume as well as inter-particle tangling as they attempt to rotate end-over-end, resulting in a limit imposed by high off-state apparent viscosity of the fluids.
This range of loadings suggest a new set of applications are possible which may have not been possible with conventional sphere-based fluids.
Newer studies have focused on dimorphic magnetorheological fluids, which are conventional sphere-based fluids in which a fraction of the spheres, typically 2 to 8 wt%, are replaced with nanowires.
These fluids exhibit a much lower sedimentation rate than conventional fluids, yet exhibit a similar range of loading as conventional commercial fluids, making them also useful in existing high-force applications such as damping.
In particular the properties in term of yield strength can be increased up to ten times in shear mode and up five times in flow mode.
The motivation of this behaviour is the increase in the ferromagnetic particles friction, as described by the semiempirical magneto-tribological model by Zhang et al.
Even though applying a pressure strongly improves the magnetorheological fluids behaviour, particular attention must be paid in terms of mechanical resistance and chemical compatibility of the sealing system used.
These dampers are mainly used in heavy industry with applications such as heavy motor damping, operator seat/cab damping in construction vehicles, and more.
As of 2006, materials scientists and mechanical engineers are collaborating to develop stand-alone seismic dampers which, when positioned anywhere within a building, will operate within the building's resonance frequency, absorbing detrimental shock waves and oscillations within the structure, giving these dampers the ability to make any building earthquake-proof, or at least earthquake-resistant.
For example, the MagneRide active suspension system permits the damping factor to be adjusted once every millisecond in response to conditions.
Other manufacturers have paid for the use of it in their own vehicles, for example Audi and Ferrari offer the MagneRide on various models.
General Motors and other automotive companies are seeking to develop a magnetorheological fluid based clutch system for push-button four wheel drive systems.
At high engine revolutions, the magnetorheological engine mounts get stiffer to provide a more precise gearbox shifter feel by reducing the relative motion between the power train and chassis/body.
As of September 2007, Acura (Honda) has begun an advertising campaign highlighting its use of MR technology in passenger vehicles manufactured for the 2007 MDX model year.
Magnetorheological dampers are under development for use in military and commercial helicopter cockpit seats, as safety devices in the event of a crash.
They would be used to decrease the shock delivered to a passenger's spinal column, thereby decreasing the rate of permanent injury during a crash.
Much like those used in military and commercial helicopters, a damper in the prosthetic leg decreases the shock delivered to the patients leg when jumping, for example.
Federal Highway 125 is split into three segments: the first segment travels from Conejos, Veracruz in the north to Fortín de las Flores in the south.
Subsequently, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in a by-election in Montréal-Verdun on October 5, 1964, and was re-elected in the 1966 general election in Verdun.
After losing the 1970 Quebec Liberal Party leadership election to Robert Bourassa, Wagner left politics to return to the bench, receiving appointment once more as a Sessions Court judge.
He then entered federal politics, and was elected as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Saint-Hyacinthe in the 1972 federal election.
Wagner attracted support from Tories who believed that having a leader from Quebec would enable the party to break the federal Liberal Party's stranglehold on the province and from right-wing Tories attracted by his law and order reputation.
He was hurt by revelations of a slush fund that was funded by supporters so that he would be financially solvent if he lost in 1972.
Wagner led on the first three ballots of the Convention but lost to Joe Clark by 65 votes out of 2,309 on the fourth ballot.
In 1978, he was elevated to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and sat as a Progressive Conservative.
His son, Richard, also pursued a career in the judiciary, eventually being nominated to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada in 2012, and who became Chief Justice of Canada in 2017.
A process for making a ferrofluid was invented in 1963 by NASA's Steve Papell to create liquid rocket fuel that could be drawn toward a pump inlet in a weightless environment by applying a magnetic field.
The name ferrofluid was introduced, the process improved, more highly magnetic liquids synthesized, additional carrier liquids discovered, and the physical chemistry elucidated by R. E. Rosensweig and colleagues; in addition Rosensweig evolved a new branch of fluid mechanics termed ferrohydrodynamics.
Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids made of nanoscale ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic, particles suspended in a fluid (usually an organic solvent or water).
Large ferromagnetic particles can be ripped out of the homogeneous colloidal mixture, forming a separate clump of magnetic dust when exposed to strong magnetic fields.
The magnetic attraction of nanoparticles is weak enough that the surfactant's Van der Waals force is sufficient to prevent magnetic clumping or agglomeration.
In 2019, researchers at the University of Massachusetts and Beijing University of Chemical Technology succeeded in creating a permanently magnetic ferrofluid which retains its magnetism when the external magnetic field is removed.
The researchers also found that the droplet's magnetic properties were preserved even if the shape was physically changed or it was divided.
The particles in a ferrofluid primarily consist of nanoparticles which are suspended by Brownian motion and generally will not settle under normal conditions.
MR fluid particles primarily consist of micrometre-scale particles which are too heavy for Brownian motion to keep them suspended, and thus will settle over time because of the inherent density difference between the particle and its carrier fluid.
Ferrofluids are composed of very tiny nanoscale particles (diameter usually 10 nanometers or less) of magnetite, hematite or some other compound containing iron, and a liquid.
This is small enough for thermal agitation to disperse them evenly within a carrier fluid, and for them to contribute to the overall magnetic response of the fluid.
This is similar to the way that the ions in an aqueous paramagnetic salt solution (such as an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate or manganese(II) chloride) make the solution paramagnetic.
Particles in ferrofluids are dispersed in a liquid, often using a surfactant, and thus ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions – materials with properties of more than one state of matter.
This ability to change phases with the application of a magnetic field allows them to be used as seals, lubricants, and may open up further applications in future nanoelectromechanical systems.
However, the surfactant tends to break down over time (a few years), and eventually the nano-particles will agglomerate, and they will separate out and no longer contribute to the fluid's magnetic response.
The term magnetorheological fluid (MRF) refers to liquids similar to ferrofluids (FF) that solidify in the presence of a magnetic field.
When a paramagnetic fluid is subjected to a strong vertical magnetic field, the surface forms a regular pattern of peaks and valleys.
The instability is driven by the magnetic field; it can be explained by considering which shape of the fluid minimizes the total energy of the system.
In the corrugated configuration, the magnetic field is concentrated in the peaks; since the fluid is more easily magnetized than the air, this lowers the magnetic energy.
In consequence the spikes of fluid ride the field lines out into space until there is a balance of the forces involved.
It requires energy both to move fluid out of the valleys and up into the spikes, and to increase the surface area of the fluid.
In summary, the formation of the corrugations increases the surface free energy and the gravitational energy of the liquid, but reduces the magnetic energy.
The corrugations will only form above a critical magnetic field strength, when the reduction in magnetic energy outweighs the increase in surface and gravitation energy terms.
Ferrofluids have an exceptionally high magnetic susceptibility and the critical magnetic field for the onset of the corrugations can be realised by a small bar magnet.
These surfactants prevent the nanoparticles from clumping together, ensuring that the particles do not form aggregates that become too heavy to be held in suspension by Brownian motion.
The magnetic particles in an ideal ferrofluid do not settle out, even when exposed to a strong magnetic, or gravitational field.
A surfactant has a polar head and non-polar tail (or vice versa), one of which adsorbs to a nanoparticle, while the non-polar tail (or polar head) sticks out into the carrier medium, forming an inverse or regular micelle, respectively, around the particle.
While surfactants are useful in prolonging the settling rate in ferrofluids, they also prove detrimental to the fluid's magnetic properties (specifically, the fluid's magnetic saturation).
According to engineers at Ferrotec, ferrofluid seals on rotating shafts typically withstand 3 to 4 psi; additional seals can be stacked to form assemblies capable of withstanding higher pressures.
If applied to the surface of a strong enough magnet, such as one made of neodymium, it can cause the magnet to glide across smooth surfaces with minimal resistance.
Ferrofluid based dampers solve both of these issues and are becoming popular in the helicopter community, which has to deal with large inertial and aerodynamic vibrations.
Ferrofluids can be used to image magnetic domain structures on the surface of ferromagnetic materials using a technique developed by Francis Bitter.
Starting in 1973, ferrofluids have been used in loudspeakers to remove heat from the voice coil, and to passively damp the movement of the cone.
They reside in what would normally be the air gap around the voice coil, held in place by the speaker's magnet.
A strong magnet placed near the voice coil (which produces heat) will attract cold ferrofluid more than hot ferrofluid thus pulling the heated ferrofluid away from the electric voice coil and toward a heat sink.
Fred Becker and Lou Melillo of Becker Electronics were also early adopters in 1976, with Melillo joining Ferrotec and publishing a paper in 1980.
Today, some 300 million sound-generating transducers per year are produced with ferrofluid inside, including speakers installed in laptops, cell phones, headphones and earbuds.
Several ferrofluids were marketed for use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, which depend on the difference in magnetic relaxation times of different tissues to provide contrast.
(also known as Endorem and ferumoxides, discontinued in 2008; resovist (also known as Cliavist (2001 to 2009); Sinerem (also known as Combidex, withdrawn in 2007; Lumirem (also known as Gastromark (1996 to 2012; Clariscan (also known as PEG-fero, Feruglose, and NC100150), development of which was discontinued due to safety concerns.
When they reach a critical thinness, the needles begin emitting jets that might be used in the future as a thruster mechanism to propel small satellites such as CubeSats.
These applications include measuring specific viscosity of a liquid placed between a polarizer and an analyzer, illuminated by a helium–neon laser.
In this process the drugs would be attached to or enclosed within a ferrofluid and could be targeted and selectively released using magnetic fields.
It has also been proposed in a form of nanosurgery to separate one tissue from another—for example a tumor from the tissue in which it has grown.
An external magnetic field imposed on a ferrofluid with varying susceptibility (e.g., because of a temperature gradient) results in a nonuniform magnetic body force, which leads to a form of heat transfer called thermomagnetic convection.
This form of heat transfer can be useful when conventional convection heat transfer is inadequate; e.g., in miniature microscale devices or under reduced gravity conditions.
Special magnetic nanofluids with tunable thermal conductivity to viscosity ratio can be used as multifunctional ‘smart materials’ that can remove heat and also arrest vibrations (damper).
One simple example of ferrofluid based energy harvesting is to place the ferrofluid inside a container to use external mechanical vibrations to generate electricity inside a coil wrapped around the container surrounded by a permanent magnet.
When external vibrations cause the ferrofluid to slosh around in the container, there is a change in magnetic flux fields with respect to the coil of wire.
Ivan Rebroff (31 July 193127 February 2008) was a German-born vocalist, allegedly of Russian ancestry, who rose to prominence for his distinct and extensive vocal range of four and a half octaves, ranging from the soprano to bass registers.
Although his knowledge and pronunciation of Russian was imperfect, he became famous for singing Russian folk songs, but also performed opera, light classics and folk songs from many other countries.
Rebroff still performed 12 shows in 14 days when he was well into his seventies, such as on an Australian tour.
Four days after his death, his brother Horst Rippert, who is nine years his senior (and by his own unsubstantiated accounts shot down Antoine de Saint Exupéry during World War II), claimed part of Rebroff's vast fortune.
The first city to incorporate was Farmington on January 11, 1841, while the most recent was Maharishi Vedic City on July 25, 2001.
The annuals are traditionally published in July or August, in time for Christmas, and since 1965 they have had the date of the following year on the cover.
After Desperate Dan took over the front page in 1984, the annual cover reflected this by featuring both Korky and Dan until the release of the 1991 book in 1990 – which was the first ever Dandy Annual to not feature Korky on the front cover in any way.
The remaining 5 ethnic Fijian seats, and one open electorate, were won by the Conservative Alliance, one of whom was George Speight who had led the putsch against the lawful government the year before.
The three remaining seats (one general electorate, one open electorate, and the Rotuman Islanders' seat) were won by minor parties and independent candidates.
The Constitution of Fiji was restored by a High Court decision on 15 November 2000, following the failure of the political upheaval in which the government had been deposed and the constitution suspended in May that year.
In what was one of Fiji's most bitterly fought elections ever, the newly formed Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua of the interim Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase narrowly defeated the Fiji Labour Party of deposed former Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry.
The FLP had been hurt by leadership bickering in the wake of the coup, and the subsequent defection of a number of its high-profile members from the ethnic Fijian community, including Tupeni Baba, the former Deputy Prime Minister.
The mutual refusal of the FLP and the National Federation Party, the only other political party with significant Indo-Fijian support, to reach a preference-swapping deal had also worked against both parties.
(In Fiji's system of transferable voting, any two or more candidates in a particular constituency can have their votes combined, unless the electors specify a different option by ranking the candidates numerically in order of their preference).
Controversy continued after the 2001 election, with Prime Minister Qarase finding reasons, which many considered to be pretexts, for not implementing the power-sharing provisions of the Constitution, which required that every political party with more than 8 seats in the House of Representatives must be proportionally represented in the Cabinet.
On 18 July 2003, the Supreme Court of Fiji ruled that Qarase's exclusion of the Labour Party from the Cabinet was unconstitutional, and demanded that the situation be rectified.
Qarase has said that he would abide by the ruling, but his refusal to include Chaudhry in the Cabinet lineup continued to stall negotiations, until the FLP announced in November that it was no longer interested in participating in the Qarase-led government.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Kansas is the 34th most populous state with inhabitants and the 13th largest by land area spanning of land.
Once a city is incorporated in Kansas, it will continue to be a city even after falling below the minimum required to become a city, and even if the minimum is later raised.
A city can de-incorporate, but if citizens decide to re-incorporate at a later date, then new minimum requirements must be met.
As a supplement to the list of cities, the following military installations are provided because of their relative size in active duty and/or service members living on the post and their location within the borders of the state of Kansas.
It is famous for being the birthplace of Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, victor at the Battle of Trafalgar and one of Britain's greatest heroes.
The house in which Nelson was born was demolished soon after his father's death, though the rectory that replaced it and the church at which his father preached can still be seen.
This system went into effect on January 1, 2015, following the 2014 passage of House Bill 331 by the Kentucky General Assembly and the bill's signing into law by Governor Steve Beshear.
The new system replaced one in which cities were divided into six classes based on their population at the time of their classification.
Prior to the enactment of House Bill 331, over 400 classification-related laws affected public safety, alcohol beverage control, revenue options and others.
Lexington and Fayette County are completely merged in a unitary urban county government (UCG); Louisville and other cities within Jefferson County have also merged into a single metro government.
If all cities had been reclassified in the pre-2015 scheme according to actual population, about one-third of classifications would have changed.
Because many provisions of state law applied only to cities of certain pre-2015 classes, House Bill 331 was explicitly written to address such issues.
In certain other areas that were more controversial, the pre-2015 status quo is being maintained through a registry of cities that were covered by prior laws.
At the time the new system went into effect, the state's two largest cities of Louisville and Lexington were the only ones classified as first-class.
Carlotta Mercedes Agnes McCambridge (March 16, 1916 – March 2, 2004) was an American actress of radio, stage, film, and television.
McCambridge was born in Joliet, Illinois, the daughter of Irish-American Roman Catholic parents Marie (née Mahaffry) and John Patrick McCambridge, a farmer.
When, according to the terms pact, certain celestial phenomena signaled it was time for the marriage Carlotta (McCambridge) disappeared Darrin and pushed for Samantha to marry her coddled son Juke (played by veteran character actor Steve Franken).
McCambridge won the 1949 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role, while the film won Best Picture for that year.
McCambridge also won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Supporting Actress and New Star of the Year - Actress for her performance.
To sound as disturbing as possible, McCambridge insisted on swallowing raw eggs, chain smoking and drinking whiskey to make her voice harsh and her performance aggressive.
Director William Friedkin also arranged for her to be bound to a chair during recordings, so that the demon seemed to be struggling against its restraints.
Friedkin claimed that she initially requested no credit for the film—fearing it would take away from the attention of Blair's performance—but later complained about her absence of credit during the film's premiere.
Her dispute with Friedkin and the Warner Bros. over her exclusion ended when, with the help of the Screen Actors Guild, she was properly credited for her vocal work in the film.
In May of 1977, Miss McCambridge helped dedicate the Theater Building of El Centro College by starring in the Title Role in the production of The Madwoman of Chaillot.
Director Eddie Thomas had known her for many years and she graciously conducted an actors' workshop for the college students during the week prior to the opening night.
This allowed her to teach college theater students and celebrate the dedication of the Theatre building for El Centro Jr. College in Dallas.
In 1979, McCambridge's son John Markle, a UCLA graduate with a Ph.D. in Economics, joined the Little Rock, Arkansas investment firm Stephens Inc. after working for Salomon Brothers in New York City.
Markle was a successful futures trader, and quickly rose through the company's ranks, but in the fall of 1987, the company discovered that Markle had opened a secret account in McCambridge's name.
Soon the company found that Markle had been co-mingling the accounts' funds and charging losses to the Stephens house account, while crediting all revenue from winning trades to McCambridge's account.
McCambridge refused to cooperate with Markle and the company in instituting a repayment scheme that would have kept the matter from becoming public.
Shortly thereafter, in November 1987, Markle killed his family—his wife Christine (age 45) and daughters Amy (age 13) and Suzanne (age 9)—and then himself.
Although some of the mishandled funds had been handled under McCambridge's name through Markle's power of attorney, she herself was subsequently cleared of any wrongdoing.
She first served as a volunteer member of the Board of Directors, then as President and CEO, responsible for the day-to-day operations of the treatment center, which at the time was a 76-bed residential program for both male and female alcoholics.
Livengrin still operates today, and has 129 beds and 8 outpatient clinics throughout southeastern Pennsylvania, treating both alcoholism and drug addiction.
McCambridge, through her celebrity and larger-than-life personality, helped bring public recognition to, and acceptance of the disease of addiction, as well as the benefits of seeking treatment for the disease.
McCambridge died on March 2, 2004, in La Jolla in San Diego, California, of natural causes, two weeks before her 88th birthday.
For her contributions to television and the motion picture industry, Mercedes McCambridge has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for motion pictures at 1722 Vine Street, and one for television at 6243 Hollywood Boulevard.
Benjamin Weider was born on February 1, 1923 in Montréal, Québec, Canada, to Louis and Anna Weider, Polish Jewish emigrants from the town of Kurów in Poland.
In Napoleonic circles, Weider was known as a forceful advocate of the theory that Napoleon was assassinated by a member of his entourage during his exile in Saint Helena.
On October 12, 2000, he received the French Legion of Honor, that country's highest honour, which was established by Bonaparte himself.
Weider was also a 1984 nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize, a member of the Quebec Sports Hall of Fame, and a Commander of the Venerable Order of St. John.
The Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution at the Florida State University History Department has recently created the Ben Weider Chair in Revolutionary Studies.
In 2008, he was given the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 20th Anniversary Arnold Classic (only the eighth time in the competition's history that this award had been presented).
Weider owned one of the most extensive collections of Napoleon memorabilia, including one of the bicorne hats worn by Napoleon during the invasion of Russia in 1812, of which only 12 are known to still exist today.
Three weeks before his death, he donated his entire set of Napoleonic artifacts, over 60 pieces in all, to the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, making it one of the largest collections of its kind in the world.
Prince Charles Napoleon, great-great-grandson of Napoleon's youngest brother Jerome, was on hand to inaugurate the museum's new permanent gallery on Oct. 23, 2008.
Tyler Hoechlin played Joe Weider, while Julianne Hough plays Betty Weider, his wife, Aneurin Barnard acted in the role of Ben Weider and Calum Von Moger portrayed Arnold Schwarzenegger.
This is a complete list of U.S. congressional committees (standing committees and select or special committees) that are operating in the United States Senate.
Senate committees are divided, according to relative importance, into three categories: Class A, Class B, and Class C. Individual Senators are in general limited to service on two Class A committees and one Class B committee.
They are Agriculture; Appropriations; Armed Services; Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Energy and Natural Resources; Environment and Public Works; Finance; Foreign Relations; Governmental Affairs; Judiciary; and Health, Education, Labor and Pensions.
There are currently two Class B committees: the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Special Committee on Aging, and two Class C committees: the Select Committee on Indian Affairs and the Select Committee on Ethics.
At present there are four: the Joint Economic Committee (Class B), the Joint Committee on the Library (Class C), the Joint Committee on Printing (Class C), and the Joint Committee on Taxation (Class C).
Standing committees in the Senate have their jurisdiction set by three primary sources: Senate Rules, ad hoc Senate Resolutions, and Senate Resolutions related to committee funding.
To see an overview of the jurisdictions of standing committees in the Senate, see Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXV.
She frequently appeared in comedic roles throughout her career, which spans four decades and includes over 140 credits in film and television.
She began her career as a teenager with small roles in television and film in the early 1960s, including appearances as a dancer in nine Elvis Presley musicals.
After spending two years attending college, Garr left Los Angeles and studied acting at the Lee Strasberg Institute in New York City.
In 2002, Garr announced that she had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the symptoms of which had negatively affected her ability to perform beginning in the 1990s.
She spent her early life in Cleveland, and the family briefly relocated to New Jersey before settling in Los Angeles, California.
And I saw my mother be this incredibly strong, creative woman who put three kids through college—one of my brothers is a surgeon.
Garr graduated from North Hollywood High School, and attended California State University, Northridge for two years before dropping out and relocating to New York City to further pursue acting.
Garr's career began to slow in the late-1990s after she was informed by a neurologist that symptoms she had been experiencing for many years were those of multiple sclerosis.
After separating from Birnbaum, Garr was in a seven-year relationship with David Kipper, a physician, to whom she was introduced by Carrie Fisher.
Garr has one daughter, Molly O'Neil, born in November 1993, whom she adopted with her husband, contractor John O'Neil; the two were present on the day their adopted daughter was born.
In July 1990, a Los Angeles County judge ordered a female stalker of Garr's to cease contacting her, as well as to remain 100 yards away from Garr, her home, and her work locations for three years.
After disclosing her condition, she became a National Ambassador for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and National Chair for the Society's Women Against MS program (WAMS).
In March 1988, Garr was arrested for trespassing in Mercury, Nevada, during a protest against nuclear weapons testing in the area.
In order to leverage the then new social media trend, Travelocity created an official page for the Roaming Gnome on MySpace in 2007 and later on Chatroulette, Twitter and Instagram.
As the series progressed, new commercials were aired with updated tag lines, You’ll Never Roam Alone, Go and Smell the Roses and Wander Wisely.
For the Wander Wisely campaign, Travelocity hired a new advertising agency, Campbell-Ewald, to feature the company as a trusted travel source.
In these commercials he discusses two myths, one where the gnome states that Travelocity's services are able to denounce the myth, and the other where the gnome ends up causing a mess.
In one such commercial, he visits the Bermuda Triangle to see if things really do disappear there, denouncing the myth even as objects disappear behind him until he also vanishes mid-sentence.
In 2006, a major promotion involved 20 Travelocity gnomes carefully hidden throughout the atrium of Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center in Kissimmee, Florida.
During the resort's Best of Florida Christmas promotion, guests were encouraged to find the gnomes to win a cruise to Alaska.
The original campaign was invented by Lisa Shimotakahara and Philip Marchington of McKinney & Silver, an advertising agency in Durham, North Carolina.
Avant Garde Studio, with lead artists, Amy Medford and Leonid Siveriver, worked with Philip Marchington to design and create the unique look of the Roaming Gnome.
Toponymic evidence suggests that Charlbury was an Anglo-Saxon settlement from an early date, and may be associated with 'Faerpinga in Middelenglum' listed in the Tribal Hidage of the 7th to 9th centuries.
On the outskirts of Charlbury is Lee Place, the former dower house of Ditchley and now the home of the Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough.
The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin is by tradition associated with Saint Diuma, the 7th century first Bishop of Mercia.
By 1197 or 1198 the church belonged to Eynsham Abbey, which held the advowson of the parish until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century.
In the 13th century the building was greatly enlarged: the chancel was extended eastwards and the south aisle, west tower and north and south chapels were added.
In the 15th century Perpendicular Gothic additions were made to the building: the tower was extended higher and a west door was inserted in its base, a clerestory was added to the nave and new windows were inserted in both aisles.
Street had the galleries removed and the church refitted with new pews, and in 1874 the chancel was rebuilt to the designs of another Gothic Revival architect, Charles Buckeridge.
The bell tower has a ring of six bells, all cast in 1716 by Abraham I Rudhall of Gloucester plus a Sanctus bell cast by an unknown founder in about 1599.
In 1660 a Chadlington Quaker who attended the Charlbury meetings was jailed for refusing to swear the Oath of Allegiance and in 1663 Henry Shad, a Quaker schoolmaster, was barred from teaching.
In 1680 a meeting at Cole's house to hear Thomas Taylor, a preacher from the north of England, was so crowded that the local Quakers decided to build a meeting house.
By 1689 the meeting house had a burial ground, but early in the next century membership declined and for a time meetings were discontinued.
After the First World War attendance declined rapidly and in the 1920s the meeting house was closed and turned into a preparatory school.
The Thomas Gilkes who helped to provide the land for the meeting house had a son of the same name who became a clockmaker in Sibford Gower.
Quakers had to be apprenticed to fellow Quakers, and those at Charlbury were part of a network of Quaker clockmakers in north Oxfordshire who were all linked by either family, former apprenticeship or both.
Charlbury Bowls Club plays in Oxfordshire Bowls League Division Two and the West Oxfordshire division of the Oxfordshire Short Mat Bowling Association.
Charlbury hosts a number of public events each year: the Riverside Music Festival in July which is free to enter (2017), the Wilderness Festival in August, the Charlbury Street Fair in September, which dates back to 1955, in September.
These developments hold many of the commuters that have made Bromsgrove into a dormitory town; it is within commuting distance of both Birmingham and Worcester.
In mathematics, a spectral space (sometimes called a coherent space) is a topological space that is homeomorphic to the spectrum of a commutative ring.
The category of spectral spaces, which has spectral maps as morphisms, is dually equivalent to the category of bounded distributive lattices (together with morphisms of such lattices).
Boris Tadić (, ; born 15 January 1958) is a Serbian politician who served as President of Serbia from 2004 to 2012.
He was elected to his first term on 27 June 2004, when Serbia was part of Serbia and Montenegro, and re-elected for a second term on 3 February 2008, this time as president of independent Serbia.
Prior to his presidency, Tadić served as the last Minister of Telecommunications of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and as the first Minister of Defence of Serbia and Montenegro.
Following his defeat in the 2012 presidential election and poor party ratings, he stepped down in November 2012, to take the position of the party's Honorary President.
After a split with the new leadership in January 2014, Tadić left the Democratic Party and formed his own New Democratic Party (later renamed Social Democratic Party) for the 2014 parliamentary election.
During his presidency, the EU has abolished visas for Serbian citizens traveling to the Schengen Area countries, Serbian government signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) and received an EU candidate status, as well as, Serbia has completed obligations to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
He became the first Serbian head of state or head of government to visit the Srebrenica Genocide Memorial and he launched an initiative for the Serbian parliament to adopt a resolution condemning the Srebrenica massacre.
The period of a coalition government led by the Tadić's Democratic Party was characterized by the challenges of the Kosovo declaration of independence and the global financial crisis, leading to low rates of economic growth.
He is widely regarded as a pro-Western leader, who also favors balanced relations with Russia, the United States and the EU.
Boris Tadić was born in Sarajevo, the capital of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a republic within the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
His parents frequently relocated between various cities and had moved to Sarajevo from Paris, where they pursued their doctoral studies, only a few days prior to his birth.
He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy with a degree in psychology, specifically social psychology in the department of clinical psychology.
He was arrested during his studies in July 1982 for protesting the arrest of a group of students, arrested for protesting against martial law in Poland and in support of the Solidarity movement.
Until 2003, Tadić also worked at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts at the University of Arts in Belgrade as a lecturer of political advertising.
Boris Tadić founded the Centre of Modern Skills (Centar modernih veština, CMV) in 1998, an NGO dealing with political and civic education, and the development of the political culture and dialogue.
The Democratic Party was part of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), a grand coalition of anti-Milošević parties which played a key role in his downfall in 2000.
Tadić served as Minister of Telecommunications in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from November 2000 to March 2003 and as Minister of Defence from March 2003 until he started his presidential campaign in April 2004.
He served as an MP of the Democratic Party in the Chamber of Citizens of the Federal Assembly and later went on to be the acting parliamentary leader of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia coalition in 2003, the president of the Security Services Control Committee, as well as the parliamentary leader of the Democratic Party in the National Assembly of Serbia starting in February 2004.
The assassination of Zoran Đinđić in March 2003 led to a leadership convention of the Democratic Party in February 2004, which was won by Tadić against Zoran Živković.
He defeated Tomislav Nikolić of the nationalist Radical Party in the run-off of the 2004 presidential election with 53% of the vote.
The role of the People's Office is to make communication between the citizens and the President easier, and to cooperate between other state bodies and institutions, in order to enable the citizens of Serbia to exercise their rights.
The People's Office of the President is divided into four divisions: Legal Affairs Division, Social Affairs Division, Projects Division and General Affairs Division.
When he joined the Government of Serbia as the Minister in charge of the National Investment Plan in 2007, Tatjana Pašić became the new Director.
Tadić advocated cooperation and reconciliation of the former Yugoslav countries, strained by the burden of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s.
On 6 December 2004, Boris Tadić made an apology in Bosnia and Herzegovina to all those who suffered crimes committed in the name of the Serbian people.
In July 2005, Tadić visited the Bosnian town of Srebrenica on the 10th anniversary of massacre of 8,000 Muslim men and boys by Bosnian Serb forces.
He was the first foreign head of state to visit Montenegro after it became independent on 8 June, and promised to continue friendly relations.
Serbia declared independence as well, and Tadić attended the first raising of the flag of Serbia at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
On 6 September 2007, Tadić was a signatory of the agreement that led to the formation of the Council for Cooperation between Serbia and Republika Srpska, together with Milorad Dodik and Vojislav Koštunica.
In late 2007, he stated that Serbia does not support a break-up of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that, as a guarantor of the Dayton Accords that brought peace to Bosnia, he supports its territorial integrity.
On 28 September 2005, he met with Pope Benedict XVI in Vatican City, making him the first Serbian head of state to be granted an audience with a pope.
Contrary to his earlier decision in the 2004 Kosovan parliamentary election, Tadić stated that he had no right to call on Kosovo Serbs to vote in the 2007 Kosovo parliamentary election, as the standards he asked for in 2004 were not reached.
Boris Tadić has advocated an early presidential election that is required under constitutional law, since the adoption of the new Constitution of Serbia, after the successful constitutional referendum in October 2006.
Tadić advocated integration of Serbia into the European Union but also territorial integrity of Serbia with sovereignty over Kosovo and Metohija.
In the second round on 3 February 2008, he faced Tomislav Nikolić and won the election with 2,304,467 votes (50.31 percent).
He also said that Belgrade would never recognise the independence of Kosovo and would never give up the struggle for its legitimate interests.
He stated that the problem of Kosovo was not solved by the unilaterally declared independence and that the decade-long problems between Serbs and Albanians still exist.
He said that former Hague Chief Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte had said that witnesses in the case against Haradinaj had been intimidated and even murdered to prevent them testifying to his crimes.
Following the Republic of Kosovo's formation of the Kosovo Security Forces in January 2009, he sent protest letters both to the and NATO Secretaries-General.
The letter states that Serbia views those forces as an illegal paramilitary organisation that constitutes a threat to the country's security and a danger to peace and stability in the Western Balkans.
Tadić drew attention to the fact that the KSF were formed on the basis of the Ahtisaari Plan that was never adopted by the Security Council and added that the creation of these forces constitutes a breach of the Serbian Constitution and international law, which is why they should be disbanded.
On 13 March 2008, President Tadić signed a decree dissolving the country's parliament and slating early parliamentary elections for 11 May.
The coalition list was led by Dragoljub Mićunović and it also included Sanjak Democratic Party, Serbian Renewal Movement and League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina.
He condemnеd remarks regarding the election made by Javier Solana and Pieter Feith and called on the European Union not to interfere with Serbian elections.
Tadić said that he was ready, authorised as per Vienna Convention, to sign the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union if it were offered on 28 April, but not at the price of recognising Kosovo's unilaterally declared independence.
Tadić attended the signing of the SAA ceremony in Luxembourg on 29 April, where the Deputy Prime Minister Božidar Đelić signed the document on behalf of Serbia, as per the authorisation of the Government from December 2007.
On 27 June 2008, Tadić named Mirko Cvetković for the new Prime Minister, following the victory of his party coalition in parliamentary election that took place in May.
Tadić invoked his constitutional powers of Commander-in-Chief of the Military of Serbia and dismissed the Chief of the General Staff Zdravko Ponoš on 30 December 2008.
His initiative includes the proposal to reduce the number of the National Assembly members from 250 to 150 to better reflect the size of the country followed by changes in law on party registration and financing in order to consolidate similar parties and limit those with little support which should bring Serbia closer to a two-party system.
The second proposed amendment would change the administrative division of Serbia by dividing it into more autonomous regions in order to achieve a more balanced development.
This change would lead to Serbia's being divided into seven regions instead of the current asymmetrical division which includes two autonomous provinces but where the majority of the territory has no special autonomy.
They also discussed energy, particularly Europe's dependence on natural gas from just one source, and agreed that there is a need for a common EU energy policy that should also include the Balkan states.
On 21 May 2009, Dragan Marić, a former businessman who was revolted over the court decision in his dispute with the national air carrier Jat Airways, entered the Presidency office carrying two hand grenades and seeking an out-of-court settlement signed by President or Government.
Members of the Battalion of Military Police Cobras, providing security to the President of Serbia, managed to take one of the grenades immediately and isolate the attacker, however the perpetrator removed the pin from the second grenade and threatened to detonate it by releasing the lever.
The negotiations were handled by the special team of the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs, supported by the officials of the Ministry of Justice, and lasted for several hours until the man was disarmed and arrested.
After the incident, Tadić, who was present in the secured area of the building, congratulated the police and army special units, the security and negotiation team for doing a terrific job, peacefully and with no casualties and also said that problems, no matter what kind, cannot be resolved by force and by jeopardising citizens' lives.
In October 2009, after the Serbian national team qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, Boris Tadić and other Serbian ministers celebrated at the end of the match in Belgrade's Red Star Stadium by toasting the winning team with a glass of champagne.
Some observers have describe that the coalition government led by Tadić's Democratic Party introduced some media control mechanisms, which were further developed by the Aleksandar Vučić regime to severely curtail media freedom.
Advisors to the President of the Republic carry out the analytical, advisory and other corresponding tasks for the needs of the President of the Republic as well as other expert tasks in relations of the President with the Government and the Parliament.
Previous advisors who served from 2005 to 2008 are Biserka Jevtimijević Drinjaković (economic issues), Vladimir Cvijan (legal issues) and Dušan T. Bataković and Leon Kojen (political issues).
On 5 April 2012, a day after announcing his decision, Tadić submitted his resignation to the speaker of parliament, Slavica Đukić-Dejanović, who then took over as acting president.
Amid controversy regarding the legitimacy of the third mandate and the legality of certain decisions, incumbent Tadić lost the presidential elections to his opponent, Tomislav Nikolić from the Serbian Progressive Party.
Nikolić has won 49.7% of the votes in the runoff vote, versus 47% for Tadić, according to data of the Serbian Center for Free Elections and Democracy.
The result was considered somewhat of a surprise, as Tadić had exploited his resignation for the presidential vote to coincide with parliamentary elections.
Tadić was criticized both inside and outside the party for the manoeuvre of calling early presidential elections without a clear goal, and entering them with over-confidence.
Dragan Đilas, long-time mayor of Belgrade and one of rare Democrats who remained in his seat after 2012 elections, announced that he would challenge Tadić in December party elections.
Before the electoral conference, Đilas and Tadić reached a face-saving agreement whereby Tadić would step down from the race and remain the party's honorary president, and Đilas thus became the only major candidate.
In early 2014, after losing the internal reelections in the Democratic Party to Dragan Đilas Tadić resigned from his position of honorary president and left the party.
Subsequently, a number of prominent party members all across defected from the party and stated that they intend to form a list in the forthcoming parliamentary election with Tadić as its leader.
Faced with the possibility of a eurosceptic government led by the Democratic Party of Serbia, the Serbian Radical Party and the post-Milošević Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), Tadić proposed a coalition with the SPS.
On 7 June 2008 at an assembly of the Main Board of the Democratic Party, Tadić compared the DS and the SPS saying that both grieved over the loss of their presidents, Đinđić and Milošević.
His address was heavily criticized by members of the Liberal Democratic Party, the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina and the Social Democratic Union.
The Declaration was again viewed as exonerating Milošević's regime and the G17 Plus, the Serbian Renewal Movement and League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina refused to sign it despite supporting the government.
It was also criticized by the right-wing Dveri and the Serbian Radical Party who called the declaration a reconciliation of the two wings of the League of Communists who split at the 8th Session.
In 2011 Report, the Freedom House described the media situation as generally free and stated that press operated with little government interference, although most media outlets are thought to be aligned with specific political parties.
Some observers have describe that the coalition government led by Tadić's Democratic Party introduced some media control mechanisms, which were further developed by the Aleksandar Vučić regime to severely curtail media freedom.
On 8 April 2011 the European Federation of Journalists wrote to Tadić that press freedom in Serbia was seriously compromised, that the safety of investigative journalists in Loznica and Belgrade was threatened and that independent newspapers were struggling against economic pressure and political interference, sometimes even against undue judiciary pressure through court decisions.
In September 2011 the Anti-Corruption Council, led by Verica Barać and with the support of Commissioner for Information of Public Importance Rodoljub Šabić, Ombudsman Saša Janković, and presidents of the two main journalism associations Ljiljana Smajlović and Vukašin Obradović, published a report detailing the state of the freedom of the press in Serbia from January 2008 to June 2010.
The Council concluded that the media in Serbia was overwhelmed by strong political pressure, that full control over the media was established, that no medium broadcast objective and complete information, and that events were censored or reported on selectively and incompletely.
The report concluded that marketing agencies owned by senior Democratic Party officials and Tadić's close associates, namely Srđan Šaper and Dragan Đilas, held a significant share of the advertising market.
On the other hand, the election observation organizations highlighted the many national-frequency televisions broadcast more affirmative content about the opposition parties.
Throughout their marriage they were actively involved in various socio-political activities including protests and petitions against human-rights abuses and so-called 'verbal delict' in SFR Yugoslavia in the 1980s as well as anti-Milošević protests in the 1990s.
Tadić's maternal grandfather was Strahinja Kićanović, a rich tradesman and land owner who unsuccessfully ran twice for the office of member of parliament.
Although this is today a well known fact stated by Boris Tadić at several occasions, Yugoslav communist authorities falsely listed Strahinja Kićanović as being killed simultaneously both at Jadovno and Jasenovac.
Tadić decided to donate the financial part of the award for humanitarian purposes for the maternity hospital in a town near Gračanica.
Tadić received the Quadriga award in September 2008, an annual German award sponsored by Werkstatt Deutschland, a non-profit organisation based in Berlin.
The award recognises four people or groups for their commitment to innovation, renewal, and a pioneering spirit through political, economic, and cultural activities.
The other three winners were Wikipedia, represented by Jimmy Wales; Eckart Höfling, Franciscan and director; and Peter Gabriel, musician and human rights activist.
In 2011, he won the North-South Prize awarded by the Council of Europe and distinguishing his deep commitment and actions for the promotion and protection of human rights, defense of pluralist democracy and the strengthening partnership and the North-South solidarity.
Saint-Hubert ( , , ) is a borough in the city of Longueuil, located in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada.
It had been a separate city prior to January 1, 2002, when it along with several other neighbouring south shore municipalities were merged into Longueuil.
At the height of the 1970 October Crisis, Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was kidnapped from his Saint-Lambert, Quebec home and held at Saint-Hubert Airport.
It was located in between the CN railway line, and Grande-Allée (formerly known as Chemin de la Côte-Noire), in between Rue Canon and Rue Jonergin (originally known as Ireland Street).
Croydon, or St. Lambert Annex, was a large neighbourhood located along Montée Saint-Hubert from Grande Allée to Boulevard de Maricourt at the railroad tracks.
Along the railroad tracks, it stretched from Montée Saint-Hubert to Rue Donat, while its borders became smaller closer to Grande Alleé.
The 1935 census indicated that the majority of residents along Grande-Allée were francophone, while the rest of the area had a substantial anglophone population.
The airport was once the location of a Canadian Air Force Base which ceased operation in 1995, but which continues to use the area.
Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings is an open-air museum of rescued buildings which have been relocated to its site in Stoke Heath, a district of Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England.
Founded in 1963 and opened in 1967, the museum was conceived following the dismantling of a 15th-century timber-framed house in Bromsgrove in 1962 to provide a location for its reconstruction.
This building is known as the medieval 'Town House' today, though it has been known by other names in the past, including the 'Bromsgrove House' and the 'Merchant's House'.
The museum's collection comprises more than 30 buildings and structures which have been relocated from their original sites under threat of demolition, being rebuilt and restored at the museum.
This includes a fully functioning windmill and a post WW2 prefab house as used in many towns and cities after the Second World War to provide quick affordable replacements for houses destroyed by bombing.
The Arcon V prefabricated house was originally constructed on Moat Lane in Yardley, Birmingham and was transported to the museum in 1981.
Weddings and receptions are frequently held in The New Guesten Hall, a building at the museum which was built to incorporate the preserved timber roof of Guesten Hall, originally built next to Worcester Cathedral for entertaining the Prior's guests.
The museum's Victorian church, originally built in 1891 at Bringsty Common, Herefordshire, was opened and re-dedicated in 1996 and services are held there during the museum's open season.
The other exhibits, which span over 700 years of history, include a perry mill from Redditch, a toll house from Little Malvern, a fibreglass spire from Smethwick, an earth closet, a cruck-frame barn and a counting house.
The buildings and structures at the museum were all moved there to save them from demolition they would have faced in their previous locations, either through wilful destruction or neglect.
The town house, windmill and granary were dismantled, restored and fully reconstructed by Gunolt Daniel Greiner (born 1915 in Jugenheim) and his son Francis Benedict Joseph Greiner.
They then also dismantled, restored and fully reconstructed other 15th century buildings at various open-air museums in England, for example the Bayleaf house and Market Guildhall at the Weald and Downland Open Air Museum near Chichester.
Gunolt always kept to the original style of the buildings and when the original format was unknown he would put a simple plain unembellished section.
The buildings include industrial buildings (for example the chain shop), residential / domestic buildings (for example the prefab and toll house), religious buildings (such as the church), agricultural buildings (such as the windmill, barn and stable), buildings for entertainment (such as the cockpit) and others that don't fit these categories (such as the cell block, earth closet and ice house).
There are also three fully working analogue telephone exchanges (one of them a mobile TXE2), a manual switchboard and early automatic systems.
The collection shows the complete history of telephone kiosks in the UK from 1912 to the 1990s together with demonstrations of how telephone calls were routed and connected before the advent of digital technology.
Fiona Bruce was born in Singapore, to an English mother and a Scottish father, who had worked his way up from being a postboy to become regional managing director of Unilever.
She was educated at Gayton Primary School on the Wirral, the International School of Milan, and then from the age of 14 until 18 attended Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham College in New Cross, London.
During this period, she was briefly a punk, singing in rock bands and, at one point, colouring her hair blue for one week.
After this, she worked at a number of advertising agencies including Boase Massimi Pollitt (where she met her future husband, a company director).
She presented the programme as cover for main presenter Huw Edwards, as well as regularly on Fridays, until a presenter reshuffle in January 2003 to coincide with the retirement of Michael Buerk and the move of Peter Sissons to the BBC News channel.
In 2006, following a court case whereby British Airways requested that a Christian employee conceal her cross, because it infringed the airline's dress code, the BBC disclosed it had some concerns over the fact that Bruce often wore a cross necklace, although she was not banned from doing so.
During the documentary, Bruce – who has always publicly identified herself as a feminist – challenged Sugar's view that women should openly disclose their childcare commitments to a potential employer.
Her point was that if men were not required to declare their ability to meet the demands of their job, it was not right that women should do so.
Bruce, who had featured in advertising campaigns for the charity Women's Aid, was accused of having an axe to grind on the issue of domestic violence.
Many, including O'Connor, felt she let her own personal view on domestic violence as an issue of gender take over the programme.
There were also concerns that O'Connor had originally been invited to speak about CAFCASS and the Family Courts, yet the programme was changed to focus on domestic violence.
In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a field cipher used by the German Army on the Western Front during World War I. ADFGVX was in fact an extension of an earlier cipher called ADFGX.
Invented by Lieutenant Fritz Nebel (1891–1977) and introduced in March 1918, the cipher was a fractionating transposition cipher which combined a modified Polybius square with a single columnar transposition.
Nebel designed the cipher to provide an army on the move with encryption that was more convenient than trench codes but was still secure.
Long messages sent in the ADFGX cipher were broken into sets of messages of different and irregular lengths to make it invulnerable to multiple anagramming.
His method of solution relied on finding messages with stereotyped beginnings, which would fractionate them and then form similar patterns in the positions in the ciphertext that had corresponded to column headings in the transposition table.
It was thus effective only during times of very high traffic, but that was also when the most important messages were sent.
He also used repeating sections of ciphertext to derive information about the likely length of the key that was being used.
Where the key was an even number of letters in length he knew, by the way the message was enciphered, that each column consisted entirely of letter coordinates taken from the top of the Polybius Square or from the left of the Square, not a mixture of the two.
One of the characteristics of frequency analysis of letters is that while the distributions of individual letters may vary widely from the norm, the law of averages dictates that groups of letters vary less.
He could then pair them up and perform a frequency analysis on the pairings to see if the pairings were only noise or corresponding to plaintext letters.
Once he determined the transposition scheme for one message, he would then be able to crack any other message that was enciphered with the same transposition key.
However, the claim that Painvin's breaking of the ADFGX cipher stopped the German Spring Offensive of 1918, while frequently made, is disputed by some.
Regrettably, Sophie de Lastours subscribes to the traditional French view that the solving of a German ADFGVX-telegram by Painvin at the beginning of June 1918 was decisive for the Allied victory in the First World War because it gave timely warning of a forthcoming German offensive meant to reach Paris and to inflict a critical defeat on the Allies.
Its aim had to be grossly exaggerated, which the German High Command did by spreading rumors that the attack was heading for Paris and beyond; the disinformation was effective and apparently still is.
However, the German offensive was not successful because the French had enough reserves at hand to stop the assault and so did not need to bring in additional reinforcements.
Moreover, it is usually overlooked that the basic version of the ADFGVX cipher had been created especially for the German Spring Offensive in 1918, meant to deal the Allies a devastating blow.
The Century Series is a popular name for a group of US fighter aircraft representing models designated between F-100 and F-106 which went into full production.
They included the first successful supersonic aircraft designs in the United States Air Force's service, which remained in active service well into the 1970s and 1980s with the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard.
Three later variants, the QF-100, QF-102 and QF-106, also continued in service, primarily as aerial target drones, until the late 1990s.
The F- series number sequence used in USAF was a continuance of the pre-USAF pursuit aircraft (P- series) numbering, stretching back as far as to the 1920s.
The numbering would continue sequentially up to the General Dynamics F-111, and after this number the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system restarted the numbering back from 1.
These weapons, designed to destroy incoming nuclear-armed Soviet bombers even when not scoring a clear hit (due to the nuclear explosion radius, shock wave and radiation burst), were the only nuclear weapons in USAF arsenal at the time to be under sole control of their pilots (during a mission).
Similar advancements were made in this period by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps with the Douglas F4D Skyray (later F-6), Vought F8U Crusader and F4H Phantom II carrier-based aircraft, but Naval Aviation lacked a similar naming group.
The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy of North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities.
It was a part of the progressive social reform movement in North America under the leadership of the upper-middle class concerned with poor living conditions in all major cities.
The movement, which was originally associated mainly with Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, and Washington, D.C., promoted beauty not only for its own sake, but also to create moral and civic virtue among urban populations.
The movement began in the United States in response to crowding in tenement districts, a consequence of high birth rates, increased immigration and internal migration of rural populations into cities.
The movement flourished for several decades, and in addition to the construction of monuments, it also achieved great influence in urban planning that endured throughout the 20th century, particularly in regard to United States public housing projects.
The particular architectural style of the movement borrowed mainly from the contemporary Beaux-Arts and neoclassical architectures, which emphasized the necessity of order, dignity, and harmony.
The planning of the exposition was directed by architect Daniel Burnham, who hired architects from the eastern United States, as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts monuments that were vaguely classical with uniform cornice height.
In this position, which Masqueray held for three years, he designed the following fair buildings in the prevailing Beaux Arts mode: the Palace of Agriculture; the cascades and colonnades; the Palace of Forestry, Fish, and Game; the Palace of Horticulture; and the Palace of Transportation.
Masqueray resigned soon after the fair opened in 1904, having been invited by Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul to Minnesota to design a new cathedral for the city in the fair's Beaux-Arts style.
Other celebrated architects of the fair's buildings, notably Cass Gilbert, who designed the Saint Louis Art Museum, originally the fair's Palace of the Fine Arts, similarly employed City Beautiful ideas from the exposition throughout their careers.
An early use of the City Beautiful ideal with the intent of creating social order through beautification was the McMillan Plan, (1902) named for Michigan Senator James McMillan.
The plan emerged from the Senate Park Commission's redesigning of the monumental core of Washington, D.C. to commemorate the city's centennial and to fulfill unrealized aspects of the city plan of Pierre Charles L'Enfant a century earlier.
The Washington planners, who included Burnham, Saint-Gaudens, Charles McKim of McKim, Mead, and White, and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., visited many of the great cities of Europe.
They hoped to make Washington monumental and green like the European capitals of the era; they believed that state-organized beautification could lend legitimacy to government during a time of social disturbance in the United States.
The implementation of the plan was interrupted by World War I but resumed after the war, culminating in the construction of the Lincoln Memorial in 1922.
In New Haven, John Russell Pope developed a plan for Yale University that eliminated substandard housing and relocated the urban poor to the peripheries.
Kansas City, Missouri, and Dallas, Texas, undertook the installation of parkways and parks under the influence of the movement, and Coral Gables, Florida would be an example of a city consistent with the City Beautiful philosophy.
The plan featured a dynamic new civic center, axial streets, and a lush strip of parkland for recreation alongside the city's lakefront.
Planned out as a suburb of Miami, Florida in the early 1920s by George Edgar Merrick during the Florida land boom of the 1920s, Coral Gables was developed entirely upon the City Beautiful movement, with obelisks, fountains, and monuments seen in street roundabouts, parks, city buildings and around the city.
Today, Coral Gables is one of Miami's most expensive suburban communities, long known for its strict zoning regulations which preserve the City Beautiful elements along with its Mediterranean Revival architecture style, which is prevalent throughout the city.
In Denver, Colorado, Mayor Robert W. Speer endorsed City Beautiful planning, with a plan for a Civic Center, disposed along a grand esplanade that led to the Colorado State Capitol.
The plan was partly realized, on a reduced scale, with the Greek amphitheater, Voorhies Memorial and the Colonnade of Civic Benefactors, completed in 1919.
The Andrew Carnegie Foundation funded the Denver Public Library (1910), which was designed as a three-story Greek Revival temple with a colossal Ionic colonnade across its front; inside it featured open shelves, an art gallery and a children's room.
Monuments and vistas were an essential feature of City Beautiful urban planning: in Denver, Paris-trained American sculptor Frederick MacMonnies was commissioned to design a monument marking the end of the Smoky Hill Trail.
Specifically, the Old Louisville neighborhood, that was planned and designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in the image of the City Beautiful movement, became the largest Victorian neighborhood in the United States.
Adjacent to the park is the St. James–Belgravia Historic District which hosts the annual St. James Court Art Show every October.
South of St. James Court is the University of Louisville's Belknap Campus which is home to Grawemeyer Hall and the University of Louisville Brandeis School of Law.
Each of these areas of Louisville display the features of beautification and monumental grandeur that typified the City Beautiful movement of the 1890s.
It began when local minded residents became convinced that their city was unattractive, unhealthy, and filthy, and lacked the appearance and facilities appropriate to its status as Pennsylvania's state capital.
The causes of the city's defects were well known: industrialization in the previous half century had left the city poorly planned with unpaved streets and undeveloped water management systems.
Residents of Harrisburg suffered disease and illnesses caused by the lack of good filtration systems that could filter the sewage dumped by populations further up the Susquehanna River.
A disastrous fire that consumed the state capitol in 1897 had spawned new conversation about the suitability of Harrisburg as a state capital.
The improvement campaign was sparked by a riveting speech of conservationist Mira Lloyd Dock to the Harrisburg Board of Trade on December 20, 1900.
Dock wanted to publicly challenge the horrific conditions in Harrisburg, and set out to gain public sentiment in support of changing them.
Dock’s contemporary and closest ally in her drive for urban beautification was J. Horace McFarland, who was the president of the American Civic Association.
With McFarland and Dock working together, they were able to push the process of municipal improvement in Harrisburg by convincing prominent community leaders to donate money, and by gathering the support of the majority of citizens.
In April 1901, the Harrisburg Telegraph, a city newspaper, published a front-page article on the city’s problems, which stressed Dock’s message of beautification and recreation, paved streets, clean water, a city hall, land for parks, and a covered sewer interceptor along the river.
The following February 1901, the population voted in favor of a bond issue that funded $1.1 million in new constructions and city planning.
These improvements, combined with a new state capitol building in 1906, quickly transformed Harrisburg into a proud modern city by 1915.
In Memphis, the City Beautiful Commission was officially established by a city ordinance on July 1, 1930, making it the first and oldest beautification commission in the nation.
Costing nearly $1,000,000 (largely WPA funds) the City Beautiful Commission landscaped the bluffs with crape myrtle, redbuds, magnolias, dogwoods and Paul Scarlet roses.
Through the efforts of City Beautiful, Memphis gained the title of cleanest city in Tennessee in 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 and 1946.
The City Beautiful staff grew to include 30 inspectors by 1954 who worked through these organizations to identify and improve eyesores.
In the 1920s, Palos Verdes Estates, California was established as a master planned community by noted American landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr..
Among its earliest structures were the buildings comprising Malaga Cove Plaza which were designed in a Mediterranean Revival style popular with the City Beautiful movement.
The term ‘beautility’ derived from the American city beautiful philosophy, which meant that the beautification of a city must also be functional.
There were no formal city beautiful organisations that led this movement in Australia; rather it was influenced by communications among professionals and bureaucrats, in particular architect-planners and local government reformers.
Beautification of the city of Hobart, for example, was considered a way to increase the city’s popularity as a tourist destination.
Melbourne’s grid plan was considered dull and monotonous by some people, and so the architect William Campbell designed a blueprint for the city.
Although City Beautiful, or artistic planning, became a part of comprehensive town planning, the Great Depression of the 1930s largely ended this fashion.
In 1842, the church, running out of space in its churchyard, established Trinity Church Cemetery and Mausoleum in Upper Manhattan between Broadway and Riverside Drive, at the Chapel of the Intercession (now The Church of the Intercession, New York), formerly the location of John James Audubon's estate.
A non-denominational cemetery, it is listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places and is the only remaining active cemetery in Manhattan.
There are two bronze plaques at the Church of the Intercession cemetery commemorating the Battle of Fort Washington, which included some of the fiercest fighting of the Revolutionary War.
The claim those prisoners are buried in Trinity Churchyard is disputed by Charles I. Bushnell, who argued in 1863 that Trinity Church would not have accepted them because it supported Great Britain.
Several notable Minneapolis buildings line the Mall, notably the IDS Center, the former Dayton's flagship store, Orchestra Hall, and the Hennepin County Library.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Nicollet Avenue had defined itself as the city's primary shopping street, as department stores such as G.W.
The first commercial district in Minneapolis centered on the intersection of Nicollet and Hennepin Avenues, an area known as Bridge Square and later the Gateway District.
When Bridge Square arose in 1906, residents bought hay, dry goods, and supplies at the city market and small stores on Hennepin and Nicollet.
Until demolition began in 1959, most of Gateway District remained: a notorious skid row, two parks, large commercial buildings, and hundreds of businesses.
The district was seen as suffering from social problems due to the number of flophouses, pawnshops, burlesque theaters, and bars in addition to a high crime rate.
With hopes to solve these problems, city officials began ordering improvements on the area in the 1950s, culminating in the Gateway Center Urban Renewal project, which was approved in 1958 by unanimous City Council vote.
The mall was originally an eight block, 3,200 feet, stretch of Nicollet Avenue that was converted into a curving, tree-lined mall closed to automobile traffic, with an 80-foot right-of-way.
The mall was later renovated in 1990 with parts of the underground portion being rebuilt at a cost of $22 million.
Nicollet Mall is known as the first transit mall in the United States, and it inspired the creation of transit malls in other cities, including Portland, Oregon and Denver, Colorado.
In May 2002, a bronze sculpture of Moore's character, created by Gwen Gillen and commissioned by TV Land, was dedicated at the corner of 7th Street and Nicollet Mall.
In late 2019, the original Dayton's signage, removed after the Marshall Field's rename in 2001, was restored to its original place.
The corporate descendant of Dayton's, Target Corporation, has a large presence on the Mall, with both their corporate headquarters at 10th Street and a two-level retail store at 9th.
There is Saks Fifth Avenue Off 5th which was converted from the only Saks Fifth Avenue store in the Twin Cities upon its closing in 2004.
National retailers and local boutiques cluster around several locations, namely the Crystal Court, City Center and Gaviidae Common located on the Mall, although most of these buildings are empty on weekends and close by 8 pm on weekdays.
Over the years, Nicollet Mall has seen the closing of several national clothing brands, including Polo Ralph Lauren and Cole Haan, which was also its only store in the Twin Cities.
Fewer than ten stores of that kind still remain, including Gap, Banana Republic, Men's Wearhouse, Thomas Pink located on the skyway level of Macy's and aforementioned Brooks Brothers.
The Macy's downtown, was the division headquarters of Macy's North from 2006 to 2008 before it was integrated into Macy's East headquartered in New York City.
Since 2000, the century-old local menswear store Hubert White has resided inside the IDS Center, selling upscale men's clothing, mainly by Ermenegildo Zegna.
In addition to Target Corporation, Fortune 500 companies U.S. Bancorp and Xcel Energy also have their headquarters on Nicollet, while WCCO-TV (CBS Channel 4) broadcasts from studios on the south end of the Mall, including a 'window to the world' news studio on the first floor of their facility.
The Green Line, opened in June 2014, connects downtown Minneapolis to the main University of Minnesota campus and to downtown St. Paul.
Metro Transit has also introduced a free circulator bus along Nicollet Mall that runs from the Minneapolis Convention Center to the Nicollet Mall station.
Macy's, sponsor of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City and the Celebrate the Season Parade in Pittsburgh, was a sponsor, as was Minneapolis–based Target.
Located on Nicollet Mall at Peavey Plaza during its first two years, the village features live music, fireworks and local and international vendors.
It was first performed at the Royal National Theatre in London on 20 October 1988 with Michael Gambon and Miranda Richardson.
The dialogue does contain some identifiably contemporary British or Western cultural references, thereby showing its applicability to the Great Britain of the present, but the text of the play contains no explicit geographical place setting and no explicit time setting, rendering its setting in place and time simultaneously indeterminate and thus also broadly relevant.
The play involves four main characters: a Young Woman (Sara Johnson), an Elderly Woman, a Hooded Man (Charley Johnson, husband of the Young Woman) and an unnamed Prisoner (son of the Elderly Woman).
These characters are in stark contrast to the Officer, Sergeant and guards of the prison where the Hooded Man and the Prisoner are captives.
Pinter's play may allude to political and cultural contexts of Great Britain in the 1980s headed by the Conservative Party of Margaret Thatcher, which, for example, forbade the television networks from broadcasting the voice of the leader of Sinn Féin, Gerry Adams.
It is also accepted by the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN), referencing the in prep family treatment in the Flora of North America project.
It is especially prevalent in Alaska, where it is often found growing amongst plants like devil's club, which is nearly identical to in size and somewhat similar in appearance, and monkshood, a very toxic flower.
Indigenous North Americans have had a variety of uses for cow parsnip, often traveling long distances in the spring— or more—to find the succulent plant shoots.
Some of these furanocoumarins found in cow parsnip are known to have antimicrobial properties and are responsible for a rash producing erythematous vesicles (burn-like blisters) and hyperpigmentation that occurs after getting the clear sap onto one's skin.
Hong Kong comprises the Kowloon peninsula and 263 islands over 500 m, the largest being Lantau Island and the second largest being Hong Kong Island.
In terms of the districts of Hong Kong, while one of the 18 districts is called the Islands District, many islands of Hong Kong are actually not part of that district, which only consists of some twenty large and small islands in the southern and the south-western waters of Hong Kong.
At that time, the airport platform had not yet been built and the area of Tsing Yi increased later as a consequence of land reclamation.
Roger D. Griffin (born 31 January 1948) is a British professor of modern history and political theorist at Oxford Brookes University, England.
His principal interest is the socio-historical and ideological dynamics of fascism, as well as various forms of political or religious fanaticism.
Griffin obtained a First in French and German Literature from Oxford University, then began teaching History of ideas at Oxford Polytechnic (now Oxford Brookes).
Becoming interested in the study of extremist right-wing movements and regimes which have shaped modern history, Griffin obtained a PhD from Oxford University in 1990.
In May 2011, he received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Leuven in recognition of his services to the comparative study of fascism.
In other words, it seeks, by directly mobilising popular energies or working through an elite, to eventually conquer cultural hegemony for new values, to bring about the total rebirth of the 'ultranation', whether conceived as a historic nation-state or a race, from its present decadence, whether the nation is conceived as a historically formed nation-state or a racially determined 'ethnos'.
Conceived in these terms, fascism is an ideology that has assumed a large number of specific national permutations and several distinct organizational forms.
Moreover, it is a political project that continues to evolve to this day throughout the Europeanized world, though it remains highly marginalised compared with the central place it occupied in inter-war Europe, and its central role in identity politics has been largely replaced by non-revolutionary forms of radical right-wing populism.
Griffin's approach, though still highly contested in some quarters, has had an enduring impact on the comparative fascist literature of the last 25 years, and draws on the work of George Mosse, Stanley Payne, and Emilio Gentile in highlighting the revolutionary and totalising politico-cultural nature of the fascist revolution (in marked contrast with Marxist approaches).
The fascist attempt to institute a different civilisation and a new temporality in the West found its most comprehensive expression in the 'modernist states' of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.
Since 1945 fascism has diversified and can no loner gain the critical mass to form a mass movement of populist charismatic, so that it is reduced to terroristic attacks to live out its war on liberal democratic society and those it sees as 'enemies' of the 'true' nation/race and its rebirth.
Three people have been arrested and charged in connection with the killing; two were convicted of first-degree manslaughter and murder' the third pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice.
Eugene Mallove held a BS (1969) and MS degree (1970) in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from MIT and a ScD degree (1975) in environmental health sciences from Harvard University.
He had worked for technology engineering firms such as Hughes Research Laboratories, the Analytic Science Corporation, and MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, and he consulted in research and development of new energies.
In 1981, he and Gregory Matloff wrote a paper about using solar sails to reach Alpha Centauri, the nearest star to our sun.
They calculated that the trip would take several hundred years and that the ship would have to withstand accelerations of 60 g. They wrote several papers on that and other proposed methods of space travel, such as laser propulsion, the Bussard ramjet, and exotic fuels that could give very high power.
Mallove taught science journalism at MIT and Boston University and was chief science writer at MIT's news office, a position he left as part of a dispute with the school over cold fusion.
Mallove resigned from MIT in 1991 because he said MIT was hiding cold fusion data, partly to protect funding for and reputation of traditional fusion research.
Mallove was a member of the Aurora Biophysics Research Institute (ABRI), one of the founders of the International Society of the Friends of Aetherometry, a member of its Organizing Committee, a co-inventor of the HYBORAC technology and one of the main evaluators of ABRI technologies.
His alternative energy research included studying the reproduction of Wilhelm Reich's Orgone Motor by Dr. Paulo Correa and Alexandra Correa, as well as the evolution of heat in the Reich-Einstein experiment.
He was among the scientists and engineers who claimed to have confirmed the output of excess electric energy from tuned pulsed plasmas in vacuum arc discharges.
In 1992, Mallove was a consultant on the ERR (Electromagnetic Radiation Receiver) project at the Noah’s Ark Research Facility in the Philippines.
Eugene Mallove was killed on May 14, 2004 in Norwich, Connecticut, while cleaning a recently vacated rental property owned by his parents, the home he grew up in.
On February 11, 2009, the State of Connecticut announced a $50,000 reward leading to the arrest and conviction of the person or persons responsible for the murder.
On April 2, 2010, the police made two arrests in connection with the murder and said that more arrests were expected.
Court testimony indicated that Mallove may have been killed by an evicted tenant who was angry about belongings being disposed of during the clearout.
Mozelle Brown was convicted of Mallove's murder in October 2014 and on January 6, 2015 was sentenced to 58 years in prison.
Schaffer's girlfriend, Candace Foster, testified against Brown and Schaffer, and pleaded guilty to a charge of hindering prosecution and tampering with evidence.
Ma Wan is an island of Hong Kong, located between Lantau Island and Tsing Yi Island, with an area of .
The Lantau Link that passes through Ma Wan was constructed in the mid-1990s as part of the Hong Kong Government's Rose Garden plan to connect the new Hong Kong International Airport to the city centre.
A theme park, named Ma Wan Park was built to accompany the housing project, with its first phase opened on 1 July 2007.
This is angled to the North West, and has its direction controlled by the major tectonic zone it is in called the Linhua Shan Fault System that extends from the coast of Guangdong to Fujian.
Remains have been found from the Mid-Neolithic Age (about 3000 BC), the late Neolithic Age (about 2000 BC), the early to late Bronze Age of coastal South China (1500–500 BC), the period of the Warring States to the Han dynasty (206 BC −220 AD), the Tang dynasty (618–917 AD) and the Qing dynasty (1644–1911 AD).
In 1997, a joint excavation by the Antiquities and Monuments Office and the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences found complete Neolithic human skeletal remains in tombs at the Tung Wan Tsai North site.
More recently in the last 250 years it was a small fishing village named Tin Liu, only accessible by boats or ferries.
24 housing units were donated and built by the United States in 1965, built on a top of a hill near the Fishermen's Association.
As part of the compensation package, they could choose either a 3-storey traditional village house of or 3 separate units, each of in one single block.
Park Island is a private housing estate that was mainly developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties as part of the Ma Wan Development joint venture project and completed from 2002 to 2006 in six phases.
The island is now connected to Tsing Yi by the Tsing Ma Bridge (a suspension bridge), and to Lantau Island by the Kap Shui Mun Bridge (a cable-stayed bridge).
Park Island Transport Co., Ltd. operates bus services from Park Island to Tsing Yi MTR Station, Kwai Fong Metroplaza, Hong Kong International Airport, Tsuen Wan West and Tsuen Wan (close to the Tsuen Wan MTR station).
Starting from 3 July 2008, urban taxi were permitted access into Ma Wan during between 8 pm and 7 am the following morning to meet residents' transport needs.
Private vehicles are generally not permitted to enter the island, an arrangement which also exists in Discovery Bay on the nearby Lantau Island; however a permit can be requested from the Transport Department of Hong Kong.
Minibuses are not allowed, but the Park Island management company operates cars in case of emergency or special situations, though their availability is not guaranteed.
Another route to Tsuen Wan Pier (near West Rail Tsuen Wan West Station) was discontinued on 13 December 2012 after 10 years of operation.
Droylsden is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, east of Manchester city centre and west of Ashton-under-Lyne, with a population at the 2011 Census of 22,689.
One suggestion as to the source of that nickname is that once a year, some of the townsfolk used to watch an annual carnival by bringing a pig and sitting it on a wall to watch the passing entertainment with them.
The first machine woven towel in the world – the terry towel – was produced by W. M. Christy and Sons of Fairfield Mills, in Droylsden, in 1851.
William Miller Christy's son, Henry Christy, had brought back a looped towel from Turkey in the 1840s, which Christy's managed to copy on an adapted loom.
The marina will have 92 three and four-bedroom houses, and 291 one and two-bedroom apartments as well as waterside offices, restaurants, and shops.
Droylsden is located at (53.4826, −2.1582), about to the east of Manchester city centre, close to Ashton-under-Lyne, Failsworth, Clayton, Openshaw and Newton Heath.
Droylsden is not directly served by railway with the nearest station being Fairfield railway station approximately 1 mile south of the town centre, providing a service to Manchester Piccadilly and Rose Hill Marple.
The town's former railway station was open between 1846 and 1968 and located on Lumb Lane, approximately 1 mile north of the town centre on the Huddersfield Line.
From 2013, Droylsden became a terminus on the East Manchester line of the Manchester Metrolink tram network, with services running to Manchester and Bury.
The town has frequent bus services, the majority operated by Stagecoach Manchester, including the high frequency 216 service running between Manchester city centre and Ashton-under-Lyne.
In January 2009, the closure of Droylsden School Mathematics and Computing College for Girls and Littlemoss High School for Boys was approved by Tameside Council.
This was conditional on the Secretary of State signing an Academy Funding Agreement by 30 April 2009 for the two schools to be replaced by Droylsden Academy.
Droylsden Academy, which was sponsored by Tameside College, opened in September 2009, in the existing buildings of the two former schools.
The new Droylsden Academy building opened on the school site of Droylsden School Mathematics and Computing College for Girls in January 2012.
It became an urban district of the administrative county of Lancashire under the Local Government Act 1894, and was granted its arms on 16 October 1950.
In 1974, as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, Droylsden became a part of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.
In 1889 Little Droylsden was subsumed into Openshaw, and in 1890 Clayton was ceded from Droylsden's control to become part of Manchester.
Manchester's expansion to the east and the increase in the electorate, resulted in the seat being divided in the 1950 boundary change.
who won the Conference North league in 2006–07, gaining promotion to the Conference National for the 2007–08 season, although they were relegated back to Conference North for 2008–09, and into the Northern Premier League Premier Division in 2012–13.
Survey township, sometimes called Congressional township, as used by the United States Public Land Survey System, refers to a square unit of land, that is nominally six (U.S. Survey) miles (~9.7 km) on a side.
Each 36-square-mile (~93 km) township is divided into 36 one-square-mile (~2.6 km) sections, that can be further subdivided for sale, and each section covers a nominal .
The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west).
For example, Township 2 North, Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line.
Prior to standardization, some of the Ohio Lands (the United States Military District, the Firelands and the Connecticut Western Reserve) were surveyed into townships of on each side.
A survey township is used to establish boundaries for land ownership, while a civil township is a form of local government.
County lines, especially in western states, usually follow survey township lines, leading to the large number of rectangular counties in the Midwest, which are agglomerations of survey townships.
The town lies in the valley of the River Waveney, round a mere covering and up to deep, although there is another of mud.
Diss has a number of historic buildings, including an early 14th-century parish church and an 1850s corn exchange still in operation.
It is recorded as being in the king's possession as demesne (direct ownership) of the Crown, there being at that time a church and a glebe of 24 acres.
This was considered to be worth £15 per annum, which had doubled by the time of William the Conqueror, it being then estimated at £30 with the benefit of the whole hundred and half, belonging to it.
From this it appears that it was still relatively small, but it grew shortly afterwards when it subsumed Watlingsete Manor, a neighbouring area, which was as large as Diss, and seemingly fuller of inhabitants, according to the geld or tax that it paid.
This was afterwards called Walcote, and includes part of Heywode, as appears from its joining to Burston, into which town this manor extended.
The Testa de Neville states that it was not known whether Diss was rendered unto Richard de Lucy as an inheritance or for his service, but states that, without doubt it was for the latter.
In 1152 Richard de Lucy received the right to hold a market in Diss, and prior to 1161 he gave a third of a hundred at Diss (Heywood or Hewode) together with the market in frank marriage with his daughter Dionisia to Sir Robert de Mountenay.
After Richard de Lucy's death in 1179, the inheritance of the other two parts of the hundred of Diss passed to his daughter Maud, who married Walter FitzRobert.
The whole estate later fell into the hands of the Lordship of the FitzWalters (who were raised to Baron FitzWalters in 1295) and in 1299 the then Lord FitzWalter obtained a charter of confirmation for a fair every year at his manor of Diss, to be held around the feast of Saint Simon and Jude (28 October), and several days after.
A grant made in 1298 to William Partekyn of Prilleston (now Billingford) granted, for homage and half a mark of silver, two homesteads in Diss, with liberty of washing his wool and cloths in Diss Meer.
It seems as if the church of Diss was built by the same Lord, as his arms were cut into the stone of the south porch of the church several times.
Soon after the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, Edward Plantagenet, Duke of York and Earl of Rutland, came to hold Diss manor, hundred, and market, together with Hemenhale; and the title of Lord FitzWalter became attached to the estate.
It was part of a much larger estate that included Hemenhale and Diss manors, with the hundred of Diss in Norfolk, the manors of Shimpling and Thorne in Suffolk, of Wodeham-Walter (now Woodham Walter), Henham, Leiden (now part of Leaden Roding), Vitring, Dunmow Parva (now Little Dunmow), Burnham (possibly equating to the modern village of Burnham-on-Crouch), Winbush, and Shering (now Sheering) in Essex.
The market is held every Friday (except Good Friday and other holidays, when it is rescheduled to the preceding Thursday): a variety of local traders sell fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, fish and cheeses.
The workmen were removing the brick flooring of one of the ground floor rooms and excavating the soil beneath, to insert the joists of a boarded floor, when they discovered a hoard of coins.
Beneath the bricks, they came upon the original hard clay floor, and in the centre of the room, at about from the surface, the remains of an earthen vessel were found, containing over 300 coins.
They include the Church of England (St Mary the Virgin), the Catholic (St Henry Morse), and Methodist, Baptist and community churches.
Diss has produced a few national and international sports stars, three footballers (see the section Notable People), and the Great Britain judo team member Colin Oates, who attended Diss High School.
According to the 2011 UK census, Driffield parish had a population of 13,080, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 11,477.
A Bronze Age mound outside Driffield was excavated in the 19th century, the contents of which are now kept in the British Museum.
The town is home to Driffield Show, one of the UK's largest one-day annual agricultural show, as well as the Driffield Steam and Vintage Rally - an event held each August showcasing historical vehicles including traction engines, fairground organs, tractors and vintage cars and trucks.
The rally is particularly known for the Saturday evening road-run of the steam engines and other vehicles into Driffield town centre, an event which invariably attracts large crowds of spectators.
Driffield also has a small community hospital (known as Alfred Bean Hospital), a fire station, a local police station, and several churches.
Driffield School & Sixth Form is a large secondary school that also contains a sixth form, and so offers education up to A level standard.
There are nine churches in Driffield, which work together as 'Churches Together in Driffield' with the exception of the Congregational Church and Bourne Methodist Church.
The Anglican church dedicated to All Saints was designated a Grade I listed building in 1963 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.
It is also tradition for the townspeople of Driffield to congregate in the market place on New Year's Eve and listen for the church bells ringing in the new year.
Now to this present day, there are two main men's team who both play at the second highest league in the East Riding.
Driffield also has its own football league, Driffield and District League and was founded in 1919 and currently only has 1 division which consists of 9 teams from within Driffield and district.
First class cricketers Andrew Gale, Richard Pyrah, Steven Patterson, Jonny Bairstow, Ishara Amerasinghe and Abid Ali have all played for the club.
Driffield RUFC is a member of the RFU and Yorkshire RFU, playing its senior fixtures in the North 1 East league.
The club field four senior teams, a colts team and mini/juniors (at every age group from under 7's to under 17's).
Driffield Hockey Club play their home matches at Driffield Sports Centre and currently field three men's teams and four ladies' teams, as well as juniors and vets sections.
For a catchment area the size of Driffield, the club is relatively successful, with both the men's and ladies first XIs being promoted from their respective YHA Yorkshire Premier Divisions at the end of the 2013–14 season (6th tier of English Hockey) to the North League Division 2 East and North League Division 2 South East respectively (5th tier of English Hockey).
Driffield has a sports centre located on Bridlington Road, which opened in 2009 replacing the old sports centre (now owned by Driffield School).
Francis David Langhorne Astor CH (5 March 1912 – 7 December 2001) was an English newspaper publisher and member of the Astor family.
David Astor was born in London, England, the third child of American-born English parents, Waldorf Astor, Viscount Astor (1879–1952) and Nancy Witcher Langhorne (1879–1964).
The product of an immensely wealthy business dynasty, and raised in the grandeur of a great country estate where the political and intellectual elite gathered, he nevertheless showed compassion for the poor and those who were victims of destructive socioeconomic policies.
An extremely shy man, David Astor was greatly influenced by his father but as a young man he rebelled against his strong-willed mother.
After an education at West Downs School in Winchester in Hampshire, followed by Eton College in Berkshire, he attended Balliol College, Oxford, where he suffered a nervous breakdown and left in 1933 without graduating.
He was psycho-analysed by Anna Freud and during World War II he served with distinction as a Royal Marines officer and was wounded in France.
While at Balliol in 1931 he met a young anti-fascist German, named Adam von Trott zu Solz, who was to become the most influential figure in his life.
With his father's advancing age, and high inheritance taxes in England, in 1945 David Astor and his brother transferred ownership of the paper to a board of trustees.
The trust contained restrictions so that the paper could not be subject to a hostile takeover but also stipulated that its profits go towards improving the newspaper, promoting high journalistic standards, and required a portion of the profits to be donated to charitable causes.
In 1945 Astor purchased the Manor House at Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire, living there and restoring the nearby Abbey in the village.
But, he took a more conservative view on the economic problems caused by high taxes and believed British trades unions had become too powerful and were hindering economic progress.
In 1956, David Astor and his newspaper came under fire when it accused Prime Minister Anthony Eden of lying to the people about important matters in Suez Crisis.
Although he ultimately was shown to have been right, the situation harmed the paper's image and its circulation and advertising revenue began to decline.
He also voiced strong opposition to the apartheid policy of the white South African government and supported the African National Congress (ANC).
Nelson Mandela would refer to Astor as one of the best and most loyal of friends who had supported the ANC when other newspapers ignored them.
Despite his great wealth, David Astor lived modestly, putting his money to good use through a network of benefactions and charities.
In April 1962, Astor gave a speech about the roots of political extremism, which led to the formation of the Columbus Centre, led by Professor Norman Cohn, and which became a research centre at the University of Sussex.
In 1977 the paper was sold by his family to Robert O. Anderson, the American owner of the Atlantic Richfield Oil Company.
In his retirement Astor continued to support a number of charities and to finance pressure groups for causes that he strongly believed in.
For his contributions to British society, he was made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1994.
During the 1980s and 1990s, he campaigned alongside Lord Longford to try and gain parole for the Moors Murderer Myra Hindley, claiming that she was a reformed character and no threat to society, and had therefore qualified for parole from the life sentence imposed on her in 1966 for her role with Ian Brady in the murder of three children.
In September 1990, he even claimed that her continued imprisonment was comparable to that of Nelson Mandela, who had just been released from prison in South Africa after serving 27 years of a life sentence for his part in the battle against the oppression of black people under that country's apartheid regime.
Along with Longford, he claimed that she was being kept in prison to serve the interests of successive Home Secretaries and their governments (who had the power to decide on minimum terms for life sentence prisoners from 1983 until 2002); these politicians gradually increased Hindley's original minimum of 25 years to 30 years and from 1990 to a whole life tariff.
The campaign to win parole for Myra Hindley was unsuccessful, with her appeal against the whole life tariff being rejected three times by the High Court, and she remained in prison until her death in November 2002, almost a year after Astor's own death.
Astor had been a supporter of Nelson Mandela and an opponent of South Africa's apartheid regime since shortly after he was jailed in 1964.
He continued to support the campaign for Mandela's release until he was finally set free from prison in February 1990, and continued to oppose the apartheid regime until it was finally completely abolished four years later, just before Mandela became the prime minister of South Africa.
In September 1990, he controversially compared Myra Hindley's continuing imprisonment to the long sentence that Nelson Mandela served for his part in the anti-Apartheid activities of black South Africans, claiming that Myra Hindley was being kept in prison longer than necessary to serve the interests of successive Home Secretaries and their governments.
Lord Longford and others who campaigned for Hindley's release would also go on to claim that Hindley was kept in prison for this reason.
Astor was one of the founders of the Koestler Trust in the 1960s and continued to support the scheme until his death.
The Koestler Trust was set up as a charity to promote creative arts in prisons; Astor was the Trust's chair for a period.
David Astor died in December 2001 at the age of 89, and is buried in All Saints' parish churchyard, Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire, in a grave with a simple headstone bearing only his name and years of birth and death.
It lies on the edge of the Fens, on the River Great Ouse, approximately 11 miles south of King's Lynn, 39 miles west of Norwich and 30 miles north of Cambridge.
The civil parish has an area of 5.2 km² and in the 2011 census had a population of 9,994 in 4,637 households.
It was an agricultural centre, developing as a market for the produce of the Fens with a bridge across the Ouse.
Notable buildings in the town include its mediaeval parish church, dedicated to St Edmund, and Victorian clock tower, constructed in 1878.
In 2004 the town completed a regeneration project on the Market Place, moving the market to the town hall car park.
The decorative town sign depicts the crown and arrows of St Edmund with horses to show the importance of the horse fairs in the town's history.
The town signal box is one of five rare examples across the region to have been granted Grade II listed status in 2013.
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport listed 26 signal boxes across the country as part of a joint project between Network Rail and English Heritage to secure the nation's railway signalling heritage.
Downham's signal box was built in 1881 for the Great Eastern Railway Company but will soon be decommissioned as part of a 30-year modernisation project.
It became the first primary education academy sponsored by the CWA Academy Trust, founded by the College of West Anglia, in 2014.
Before 1920, the area had no houses, apart from a shooting range close to Rangefield Road and areas of farmland in the period around 1890.
Following the First World War, local boroughs like Deptford, Bermondsey as well as the London County Council [LCC] felt it was essential to reduce overcrowding by erecting more residential property.
The final spur for LCC to commence works in the area was the new law of 1923 that provided government funding to enable residential developments to be built by local governments.
The area of the estate was in the region of 522 acres (2.1 km²), with 461 acres (1.9 km²) in the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham, (from 1965 the London Borough of Lewisham) and 61 acres (0.2 km²) in the Municipal Borough of Bromley (from 1965 the London Borough of Bromley); the estate stretched for about 1.25 miles (2 km).
With less than 20 houses to an acre, and lots of greenery and shops, the area was of relative low population density.
Those who were the first to live on the Downham estate late in the 1920s had mostly been relocated from certain less pleasant parts of the inner city like Rotherhithe and East London, and these new homes were of a much higher standard than their previous homes.
In order to show their objection, in 1926 those who lived in Alexandra Crescent (at that time, a private street) in Bromley had appointed Albert Frampton, who had developed Alexander Crescent, to build a dividing wall (the Downham Wall).
This was because the wealthier private home owners in Bromley wanted to prevent the working class 'vulgar people' from the Downham estate from accessing the neighbouring middle-class area.
That pre-war class wall was a stark reminder of the great increase in gated communities, barrier-walls and the use of private security by wealthier people in various parts of the growing metropolis.
Meanwhile, life carried on progressing in Downham as the first Shopping Week took place in June 1929, and both the Downham Tavern and Splendid Super Cinema opened in 1930.
By the 1930s, lack of clarity had arisen in regard to responsibilities in relation to the dividing class wall following complaints by LCC to authorities at Lewisham Council.
The Town Council of Bromley was firm in its decision not to take down the wall, and curiously neither the LCC nor Lewisham Council felt able to do it either.
Despite this minor glitch, the Downham Estate illustrates the nature of developments of council housing in Britain in the period between the first and second world wars.
The Downham estate and other projects of this nature around the time (for example Becontree) were built in efforts to reduce the serious housing problem around the city.
The government felt the need to demonstrate the huge potential of public-sector home development especially as there was a need to de-slum and modernise the city.
The central government also funded and subsidised such development project which were done in the name of the London County Council.
Among many new developments, Downham Health Clinic opened in Churchdown Road in 1932, Good Shepherd School opened in Moorside Road in 1933, Beckenham Place Park Recreation Area opened in 1936, and both the Downham Library and the Swimming Pool were opened to the public in June 1937.
Lying between Catford and Bromley, and having Downham Way as the apparent arterial road, Downham is a very busy localised town centre, selling everything from car parts to Indian food, and fishing tackle to a local locksmith.
While the area has recently lost Woolworths and all its banks such as Natwest, Woolwich and finally Barclays, new facilities include Downham Sports and Leisure Centre as well as a Tesco Local.
Marks and Spencers now serves as the grocery shop at the BP station which stands on the spot where the once vibrant 2244-seater Splendid Cinema was in the 1930s.
Bonus Pastor Academy is located in Downham with two sites, Churchdown and Winlaton and has a large playing fields at Whitefoot Lane with the Green Chain Walk running through.
Neighbourhood Renewal Unit and Lewisham Strategic Partnership have been implementing many projects in the area which include Housing and Environment, Health, Crime and Community Safety, Neighbourhood Management, Community Development, Children and Young People and Employment and Enterprise.
Primary Schools include Launcelot Primary School, Downderry Primary School, Merlin Primary School (now also part of the academy), Good Shepherd Primary School, Rangefield Primary School and Pendragon Special School for students aged 11 years to 16 years.
Benefit tourism is a political term coined in the 1990s and later used for the perceived threat that a huge number of citizens from eight of the ten new nations given membership in the European Union in the 2004 enlargement of the European Union would move to the existing member states to benefit from their social welfare systems rather than to work.
This threat was in several countries used as a reason for creating temporary work or benefit restrictions for citizens from the eight new member states.
A major study by the Centre for Research and Migration at University College London, published in 2009, demonstrated that EU migrants to Britain from the new member countries were better educated, more likely to be in employment and much less likely to be claiming benefits than UK-born nationals.
In 2013 the European Commission ordered an EU wide study on the impact of mobile EU citizens on national social security systems.
This study showed that from 2001 to 2011, EU migrants that recently arrived in the UK had paid £20 billion in taxes to the UK treasury, after deduction of the benefits they received in that same period.
The Collegium Musicum was one of several types of musical societies that arose in German and German-Swiss cities and towns during the Reformation and thrived into the mid-18th century.
Generally, while societies such as the (chorale) cultivated vocal music for church performance and the convivium musicum discussed musical philosophy over a banquet, the collegia musica performed both vocal and instrumental music for pleasure; they focused on instrumental music as it rose in stature during the Baroque era.
Telemann went on to promote professional concerts by Frankfurt and Hamburg collegia in the late 1720s, thus fostering the emergence of public subscription concerts in Germany.
In 1909, Hugo Riemann refounded the Leipzig collegium within the University, initiating a widespread modern trend in German and American universities to foster the performance of early music on original instruments or replicas.
The Collegium Musicum (Hamburg) was an amateur musical ensemble founded in Hamburg in the 17th century by Matthias Weckmann, as a complement to the professional Hamburger Ratsmusik.
Lieutenant-Colonel John Jacob Astor V, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, DL (20 May 1886 – 19 July 1971) was an American-born English newspaper proprietor, politician, sportsman, military officer, and a member of the Astor family.
Astor was born in Manhattan, New York City, in 1886, the fourth child of William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor (1848–1919), and Mary Dahlgren Paul (1858–1894).
He was raised on an estate purchased by his father at Cliveden-on-Thames in Buckinghamshire and was educated at Eton College and at New College, Oxford.
Upon his father's death in 1919, Astor inherited Hever Castle near Edenbridge, Kent, where he lived the life of an English country gentleman.
Astor represented Great Britain in rackets at the 1908 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in the men's doubles competition together with Vane Pennell, and winning bronze in the men's singles event.
Astor had been the British Public Schools rackets champion in 1904–1905, and in the same year as his Olympic competition he played singles and doubles in the British Army rackets championships.
Despite a later loss of leg, he was able to play and win against younger opponents at squash on a prosthetic limb.
He served in the 1st Life Guards, which he joined in 1906 after a year at Oxford, and was Aide-de-Camp to Baron Hardinge, Viceroy of India between 1911 and 1914.
After recovering he returned to the Western Front, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel commanding 520 Household Siege Battery of the Royal Garrison Artillery and awarded the Légion d'Honneur as a Chevalier.
He was Honorary Colonel of the Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery, between 1927 and 1946 and Honorary Colonel of the 23rd London Regiment, between 1928 and 1949.
In World War II he was Lieutenant-Colonel of the 5th Battalion, City of London Home Guard, a unit drawn from newspaper employees, between 1940 and 1944.
From her previous marriage to Major Lord Charles George Francis Mercer Nairne Petty-Fitzmaurice, who was killed in action at Ypres in 1914, Lady Violet had two children, Margaret and George.
In addition to his newspaper business, John Jacob V served in politics, as Alderman of the London County Council between 1922 and 1925, and in the Parliament of the United Kingdom for 23 years as Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Dover from 1922 to 1945.
John Jacob V and Violet are buried together on the grounds of Hever Castle, which, since 1983, has been owned by Broadland Properties Limited and is a major tourist attraction.
The special territories of the European Union are 21 territories of EU member states which, for historical, geographical, or political reasons, enjoy special status within or outside the European Union.
The Outermost Regions were recognised at the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 and confirmed by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007.
The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union states that both primary and secondary European Union law applies automatically to the outermost regions, with possible derogations due to the particularities of these territories.
The Overseas Countries and Territories are recognised by the Article 198 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union which allows them to opt into EU provisions on the freedom of movement for workers and freedom of establishment, and invites them to join the Overseas Countries and Territories Association (OCTA) in order to improve cooperation with the European Union.
Collectively, the special territories encompass a population of about 6 million people and a land area of about 2,743,510 square kilometres (1,060,000 sq mi).
The vast majority of this land area, 2,166,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi), is represented by Greenland, while the largest region by population, the Canary Islands, accounts for more than a third of the total special territories population.
The Outermost regions (OMR) are territories forming part of a member state of the European Union but situated a significant distance from mainland Europe.
All form part of the European Union customs area, however some fall outside of the Schengen Area and the European Union Value Added Tax Area.
Azores and Madeira are integral parts of the Portuguese Republic, but both have the special status as Autonomous Regions, with a degree of self-governance.
The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago off the African coast which form one of the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain–the country's principal first-level administrative division.
The outermost regions office for support and information is located in these islands, in the city of Las Palmas on the island of Gran Canaria.
French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion are five French overseas departments (which are also overseas regions) which under French law are, for the most part, treated as integral parts of the Republic.
Mayotte is the newest of the five overseas departments, having changed from an overseas collectivity with OCT status on 31 March 2011.
As with the French overseas departments, the euro is legal tender in Saint Martin, and it is outside the Schengen Area and the EU VAT Area.
On 22 February 2007, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy were broken away from the French overseas department of Guadeloupe to form new overseas collectivities.
While a report issued by the French parliament suggested that the islands remained within the EU as outermost regions, European Commission documents listed them as being outside the European Community.
The legal status of the islands was clarified on the coming into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, which listed them as an outermost region.
The overseas countries and territories (OCT) are dependent territories that have a special relationship with one of the member states of the EU.
Their status is described in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and they are not part of the EU or the European Single Market.
The Overseas Countries and Territories Association was created to improve economic development and cooperation between the OCTs and the EU, and includes most OCTs except three territories which do not have a permanent local population.
They were listed in the Article 198 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which aside from inviting them to join OCTA, also provided them the opportunity to opt into EU provisions on the freedom of movement for workers and freedom of establishment.
The obligations provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to treatment granted under measures providing for recognition of qualifications, licences or prudential measures in accordance with Article VII of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) or the GATS Annex on Financial Services.
The OCTs are not subject to the EU's common external customs tariffs but may claim customs on goods imported from the EU on a non-discriminatory basis.
They are not part of the EU and the EU acquis does not apply to them, though those joining OCTA are required to respect the detailed rules and procedures outlined by this association agreement (Council Decision 2013/755/EU).
When the Rome Treaty was signed in March 1957, a total of 15 OCTs existed: French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Comoros Archipelago, French Madagascar, French Somaliland, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French Togoland, French Cameroons, Belgian Congo, Ruanda-Urundi, Trust Territory of Somalia, Netherlands New Guinea.
One of the French territories subsequently switched status from OMR to OCT (Saint Barthélemy), while another French territory switched from OCT to OMR (Mayotte).
As of July 2014, there are still 13 OCTs (six with France, six with the Netherlands and one with Denmark) of which all have joined OCTA.
The three OCTs which are not part of OCTA (British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory and South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands) do not have a permanent population.
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands (which also include the French Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, and the French claim of Adélie Land in Antarctica) is a French Overseas Territory but has no permanent population.
Saint Barthélemy and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon use the euro, while New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna use the CFP Franc, a currency which is tied to the euro and guaranteed by France.
Natives of the collectivities are European citizens owing to their French citizenship and elections to the European Parliament are held in the collectivities.
On 22 February 2007, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin were separated from the French overseas department of Guadeloupe to form new overseas collectivities.
While a report issued by the French parliament suggested that the islands remained within the EU as outermost regions, European Commission documents listed them as being outside the European Community.
The legal status of the islands was clarified on the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty which listed them as outermost regions.
The change was made to facilitate trade with countries outside the EU, notably the United States, and was made possible by a provision of the Lisbon Treaty which allows the European Council to change the EU status of a Danish, Dutch, or French territory on the initiative of the member state concerned.
As such, they benefit from being able to have their own export and import policy to and from the EU, while still having access to receive various EU funds (i.e.
The inhabitants of the islands are EU citizens owing to their Dutch citizenship, with the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament.
Initially they did not have voting rights for such elections, but the European Court of Justice granted them such rights, when they ruled their exclusion from the franchise was contrary to EU law, as all other Dutch citizens resident outside the EU did have the right to vote.
The US dollar is used on Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, while Curaçao and Sint Maarten utilize their own shared currency the Antillean guilder, and finally the currency of Aruba is the Aruban florin.
In June 2008, the Dutch government published a report on the projected effect on the islands were they to join the EU as outermost regions.
It concluded that the choice would be for the islands themselves to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of becoming part of the EU as outermost regions, and that nothing would be done absent the islands specifically requesting it.
Their current OCT status, and the prospect of advancing their status to become part of the EU as new OMRs (outermost regions), has been scheduled to be reviewed by the Dutch parliament in 2015, as part of the planned review of the Dutch law (WOLBES and FINBES) concerning the quality of their recently implemented new public administration bodies.
In October 2015, the review concluded the present legal structures for governance and integration with European Netherlands was not working well within the framework of WolBES, but no recommendations were made in regards of whether a switch from OCT to OMR status would help improve this situation.
The Netherlands Antilles were initially specifically excluded from all association with the EEC by reason of a protocol attached to the Treaty of Rome, allowing the Netherlands to ratify on behalf of the Netherlands in Europe and Netherlands New Guinea only, which it subsequently did.
Following the entry into force of the Convention on the association of the Netherlands Antilles with the European Economic Community on 1 October 1964, however, the Netherlands Antilles became OCTs.
Greenland joined the then European Community in 1973 as a county along with Denmark, but after gaining autonomy with the introduction of home rule within the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland voted to leave in 1982 and left in 1985, to become an OCT.
The main reason for leaving is disagreements about the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and to regain control of Greenlandic fish resources to subsequently remain outside EU waters.
While the outermost regions and the overseas countries and territories fall into structured categories to which common mechanisms apply, this is not true of all the special territories.
The rest owe their status to European Union legislative provisions which exclude the territories from the application of the legislation concerned.
Åland, a group of islands belonging to Finland, but with partial autonomy, located between Sweden and Finland, with a Swedish-speaking population, joined the EU along with Finland in 1995.
Åland is outside the VAT area and is exempt from common rules in relation to turnover taxes, excise duties and indirect taxation.
Consequently, there are restrictions on the holding of property and real estate, the right of establishment for business purposes and limitations on who can provide services in Åland, for people not holding this status.
The status may be obtained by any Finnish citizen legally resident in Åland for 5 years who can demonstrate an adequate knowledge of the Swedish language.
The German village of Büsingen am Hochrhein, is an exclave entirely surrounded by Switzerland and as such is, for practical purposes in a customs union with the latter non-EU country.
Although part of the EU, Livigno is excluded from the customs union and VAT area, with Livigno's tax status dating back to Napoleonic times.
They are also outside the customs union and VAT area, but no customs are levied on goods exported from the Union into either Ceuta and Melilla, and certain goods originating in Ceuta and Melilla are exempt from customs charges.
While nominally part of the Schengen Area (Schengen visas are valid), Spain performs identity checks on all sea and air passengers leaving the enclaves for elsewhere in the Schengen Area.
EU law only applies fully to the part of the island that is effectively controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
EU law is suspended in the northern third of the island (the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, whose independence is recognised only by Turkey) by article 1(1) of the Cyprus Protocol.
Four months after such a decision has been adopted, new elections to the European Parliament will be held on the island to elect Cypriot representatives from the whole of the island.
Cypriot nationality law applies to the entire island and is accordingly available to the inhabitants of Northern Cyprus and the British sovereign base areas on the same basis as to those born in the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
Citizens of the Republic of Cyprus living in Northern Cyprus are EU citizens and are nominally entitled to vote in elections to the European Parliament; however, elections to that Parliament are not organised in Northern Cyprus as it is governed de facto a separate state, albeit a state unrecognized internationally.
Unlike other British overseas territories, their inhabitants (who are entitled to British Overseas Territories Citizenship) have never been entitled to British citizenship.
Prior to Cypriot accession to the EU in 2004, although the United Kingdom was an EU member at the time, EU law did not apply to the sovereign base areas.
This position was changed by the Cypriot accession treaty so that EU law, while still not applying in principle, applies to the extent necessary to implement a protocol attached to that treaty.
This protocol applies EU law relating to the Common Agricultural Policy, customs, indirect taxation, social policy and justice and home affairs to the sovereign base areas.
off-island and northern Cyprus) borders of the base areas to ensure that the border between the sovereign base areas and the Republic of Cyprus could remain fully open and would not have to be policed as an external EU border.
Because Cypriot nationality law extends to Cypriots in the Sovereign Base Areas, Cypriot residents, as citizens of the Republic of Cyprus, are entitled to EU citizenship.
Just under half of the population of the sovereign base areas are Cypriots, the rest are British military personnel, support staff and their dependants.
In a declaration attached to the Treaty of Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus of 1960, the British government undertook not to allow new settlement of people in the sovereign base areas other than for temporary purposes.
The United Nations buffer zone between north and south Cyprus ranges in width from a few metres in central Nicosia to several kilometres in the countryside.
While it is nominally under the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, it is effectively administered by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP).
Article 2.1 of the Cyprus Protocol allows the European Council to determine to what extent the provisions of EU law apply in the buffer zone.
The Faroe Islands are not part of the EU, and they have not been part of the EU since Denmark joined the community in 1973.
Danish citizens residing on the islands are not considered citizens of a member state within the meaning of the treaties or, consequently, citizens of the European Union.
However, the islands are part of the Nordic Passport Union and the Schengen Agreement provides that travellers passing between the islands and the Schengen Area are not to be treated as passing the external frontier of the Area.
This means that there is no formal passport control, but an identity check at check-in for air or boat travel to the islands where Nordic citizens on intra-Nordic travel need no passport, only showing the ticket plus identity card.
Greece's EU accession treaty provides that Mount Athos maintains its centuries-old special legal status, guaranteed by article 105 of the Greek Constitution.
Notwithstanding that a special permit is required to enter the peninsula and that there is a prohibition on the admittance of women, it is part of the Schengen Area.
The Saimaa Canal and Värska–Ulitina road are two of several distinct travel arrangements that exist or existed because of changes in borders over the course of the 20th century, where transport routes and installations ended up on the wrong side of the border.
Under the treaty signed by Finnish and Russian governments, Russian law is in force with a few exceptions concerning maritime rules and the employment of canal staff which fall under Finnish jurisdiction.
Russian visas are not required for just passing through the canal, but a passport is needed and it is checked at the border.
Prior to the 50-year lease renewal coming into effect in February 2012, the Maly Vysotsky Island had also been leased and managed by Finland.
The road from Värska to Ulitina in Estonia, traditionally the only road to the Ulitina area, goes through Russian territory for one kilometre (0.6 mi) of its length, an area called Saatse Boot.
Most of these territories seceded before the implementation of the Maastricht treaty in 1993 and the following years, meaning that cooperation like the EU citizenship, the VAT union or the Eurozone did not exist, so it made less difference to be a special territory then.
They are inside the single market (with exceptions) and the Schengen area, but outside the Eurozone, customs territory, and VAT area.
Member states that do not have special-status territories are not included (as there the EU law applies fully with the exception of the opt-outs in the European Union and states under a safeguard clause or transitional period).
Some territories of EFTA member states also have a special status in regard to EU laws applied as is the case with some European microstates.
Summary for member states that do not have special-status territories, but do not participate in certain EU provisions as they are either not yet eligible or have an opt-out.
The Lantau Link, formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing, is a roadway linking Hong Kong International Airport to the urban areas in Hong Kong.
Link is split into two traffic levels; the upper level is an open, 3-lane divided highway, while the lower level is a double-track railway line used by the MTR Airport Express and Tung Chung Line and also contains two single-lane roads for emergency use in both directions.
In normal situations, the lower level is not used except in special circumstances such as strong wind or serious accidents which could lead to the closure of the upper level.
The Lantau Link is (for now) the only land passageway connecting Lantau and other parts of Hong Kong; a second link via Tuen Mun (which will be part of Route 10 and constructed in conjunction with the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge) is under construction and should be ready for use in 2018.
Near the Tsing Yi end of the Lantau Link is the cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge, and the Cheung Tsing and Nam Wan Tunnels, the latter of which leads to the Stonecutters Bridge.
Nathan Heard (November 7, 1936 – March 16, 2004), sometimes known as Nathan C. Heard, was a best-selling author in the United States, noted for the grim realism of his novels.
He spent some time teaching creative writing at Fresno State College (now known as California State University, Fresno), where he won a teaching award in 1970.
In cryptography, the Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the Ancient Greeks Cleoxenus and Democleitus, and perfected by the Ancient Greek historian and scholar Polybius, for fractionating plaintext characters so that they can be represented by a smaller set of symbols.
Because 26 characters do not fit in a 5 × 5 square, two letters must be combined (usually I and J as above, though C and K is an alternative).
A 6 × 6 grid may also be used for the Cyrillic alphabet (the most common variant has 33 letters, but some have up to 37).
Polybius did not originally conceive of his device as a cipher so much as an aid to telegraphy; he suggested the symbols could be signalled by holding up pairs of sets of torches.
It is said to have been used by nihilist prisoners of the Russian Czars and also by US prisoners of war during the Vietnam War.
Indeed, it can be signalled in many simple ways (flashing lamps, blasts of sound, drums, smoke signals) and is much easier to learn than more sophisticated codes like the Morse code.
The figures from one to five can be indicated by knots in a string, stitches on a quilt, contiguous letters before a wider space or many other ways.
The pairs of digits, taken together, just form a simple substitution in which the symbols happen to be pairs of digits.
As such, it is a useful component in several ciphers such as the ADFGVX cipher, the Nihilist cipher, and the bifid cipher.
The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical is an honor presented to remixers for quality remixed recordings at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards.
Speak is a 2004 American independent coming-of-age teen drama film based on the award-winning 1999 novel of the same name by Laurie Halse Anderson.
It stars Kristen Stewart as Melinda Sordino, a high school freshman who practically stops talking after a senior student rapes her.
Her actual reason for calling 9-1-1 was that she'd been raped by a senior student at the party, Andy Evans, but her trauma prevented her from reporting the rape over the telephone or when the police arrived.
The only other student with whom Melinda has a positive experience is her lab partner, Dave Petrakis, who has successfully managed to avoid affiliating himself with a clique.
The restoration of Melinda's confidence progresses at a painfully slow rate, with some help from Dave and her art teacher, Mr. Freeman.
Her former best friend, Rachel Bruin, starts dating Andy, and Melinda fears that Rachel will suffer the same fate as her.
Melinda meets Rachel at the library and tells her the truth about what happened at the party by writing it on paper.
Rachel then avoids Andy for fear of getting raped by him and tells other people of what happened at the party.
Exposed as a rapist, Andy retaliates against Melinda, cornering her; he tries to force her to tell everybody at school that the incident is false and attempts to rape her again.
Melinda struggles and throws a bottle of turpentine at his face, irritating his eyes, overpowers him after holding a shard of broken mirror to his neck, threatening to kill him.
They are found by Melinda's distanced friend Nicole, who, along with other girls from her lacrosse team, help Melinda trap Andy to prevent further attack.
The altercation removes any doubt about what happened at the house party, and the girls who restrain him are outraged by it and tempted to beat him with their sticks.
On the way back from the hospital after being treated for her injuries, Melinda rolls down the car window and breathes in deeply.
She finally finds the strength to tell her mother, who already suspects something awful, the truth about what happened at the party.
Producer and screenwriter Annie Young Frisbie read the novel and successfully made a bid to get the rights to a film version.
Flooding during an especially heavy summer rain caused filming to be temporarily postponed and during that time author Laurie Halse Anderson visited the set with her daughter.
eLS (previously known as the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences) is a reference work that covers the life sciences; it is published by Wiley-Blackwell.
Hampton Comes Alive is a six-disc live album by the American rock band Phish, released on November 23, 1999, by Elektra Records.
It is the band's third live album and the first time complete live Phish concerts were released in their entirety (though fan recordings of most Phish shows are widely circulated).
Twenty of the album's forty-four tracks are covers or other songs from the band's large catalog that do not appear on any previous Phish album.
The Apostolic Fathers were core Christian theologians among the Church Fathers who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, who are believed to have personally known some of the Twelve Apostles, or to have been significantly influenced by them.
Many of the writings derive from the same time period and geographical location as other works of early Christian literature which came to be part of the New Testament.
Some of the writings found among the Apostolic Fathers appear to have been as highly regarded as some of the writings which became the New Testament.
Its origin, or at least its general currency, should probably be traced to the idea of gathering together the literary remains of those who flourished in the age immediately succeeding the Apostles, and who presumably therefore were their direct personal disciples.
The first half of that century saw in print for the first time the Epistles of Clement (A.D. 1633), and of Barnabas (A.D. 1645), to say nothing of the original Greek of Polycarp's Epistle (A.D. 1633) and the Ignatian Letters in their genuine form (A.D. 1644, 1646).
Published English translations have also been made by various scholars of early Christianity, such as Joseph Lightfoot, Kirsopp Lake, Bart D. Ehrman and Michael W. Holmes.
The First Epistle of Clement () was copied and widely read and is generally considered to be the oldest Christian epistle in existence outside of the New Testament.
The letter is extremely lengthy, twice as long as the Epistle to the Hebrews, and it demonstrates the author's familiarity with many books of both the Old Testament and New Testament.
The epistle repeatedly refers to the Old Testament as scripture and includes numerous references to the Book of Judith, thereby establishing usage or at least familiarity with Judith in his time.
The Second Epistle of Clement was traditionally ascribed to Clement, but it is now generally considered to have been written later, , and therefore could not be the work of Clement, who died in AD 99.
Whereas 1 Clement was an epistle, 2 Clement appears to be a transcript of an oral homily or sermon, making it the oldest surviving Christian sermon outside of the New Testament.
He may have known the apostle John directly, and his thought is certainly influenced by the tradition associated with this apostle.
En route to his martyrdom in Rome, Ignatius wrote a series of letters which have been preserved as an example of the theology of the earliest Christians.
He clearly identifies the local-church hierarchy composed of bishop, presbyters, and deacons and claims to have spoken in some of the churches through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
The options for this John are John the son of Zebedee, traditionally viewed as the author of the Fourth Gospel, or John the Presbyter.
Traditional advocates follow Eusebius in insisting that the apostolic connection of Papius was with John the Evangelist, and that this John, the author of the Gospel of John, was the same as the apostle John.
Polycarp tried and failed to persuade Anicetus, bishop of Rome, to have the West celebrate Easter on 14 Nisan, as in the East.
His story has it that the flames built to kill him refused to burn him, and that when he was stabbed to death, so much blood issued from his body that it quenched the flames around him.
The text, parts of which may have constituted the first written catechism, has three main sections dealing with Christian lessons, rituals such as baptism and the Eucharist, and church organization.
It was considered by some of the Church Fathers as part of the New Testament, but rejected as spurious (non-canonical) by others.
It relies on allegory and pays special attention to the Church, calling the faithful to repent of the sins that have harmed it.
Roy Herbert Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, GBE (5 June 1894 – 4 August 1976) was a Canadian newspaper proprietor who became one of the moguls of Fleet Street.
He first came to prominence when he was selling radios in Ontario, and to give his customers more programmes to listen to, decided to launch his own radio station.
Thomson's father was Herbert Thomson, a telegraphist turned barber who worked at Toronto's Grosvenor Hotel (at Yonge and Alexander - now site of Courtyard Marriott), and English-born Alice Maud.
Thomson's grandfather Hugh was one of ten children of George Thomson, son of Archibald Thomson, who emigrated from Westerkirk, Scotland to Canada in 1773.
Thomson's ancestors were small tenant farmers on the estates of the Dukes of Buccleuch at Bo'ness, in the parish of Westerkirk, Dumfriesshire, Scotland.
During World War I, Roy Thomson attended a business college, and owing to bad eyesight he was rejected by the army.
He sold radios for quite some time after that, but his focus gradually shifted to his radio station, rather than the actual radios.
He began an expansion of both radio stations and newspapers in various Ontario locations in partnership with fellow Canadian, Jack Kent Cooke.
In addition to his media acquisitions, by 1949 Thomson was the owner of a diverse group of companies, including several ladies' hairstyling businesses, a fitted kitchen manufacturer, and an ice-cream cone manufacturing operation.
He aspired to a peerage, similar to the press barons of the UK, and moved across the Atlantic, settling in Edinburgh.
In 1957, Thomson launched a successful bid for the commercial television franchise for Central Scotland, named Scottish Television basing it in the Theatre Royal, Glasgow .
Over the years, Thomson expanded his media empire to include more than 200 newspapers in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
In the 1970s, Thomson joined with J. Paul Getty in a consortium that successfully explored for oil in the North Sea.
A modest man, who had little time for pretentious displays of wealth, in Britain he got by virtually unnoticed, riding the London Underground to his office each day.
Nonetheless, he made his son Kenneth promise to use the hereditary title that he had received in 1964, if only in the London offices of the firm.
After Thomson's death in 1976, his son Kenneth Thomson became chair of Thomson Corporation and inherited the baronial title becoming the 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet.
With the Thomson operations now principally again in Canada, the younger Thomson did not use his title in Canada though he did so in Britain, and used two sets of stationery reflecting this dichotomy.
In any case, as the peerage title he had was inherited, it did not debar him from retaining his Canadian citizenship, and he never took up his right to a seat in the pre-1999 House of Lords.
Roy Thomson Hall, one of Toronto's main concert halls, is named in his honour as the Thomson family donated $5.4 million to its construction.
It opened 25 May 1968, by the Right Honourable Lord Thomson of Fleet, chancellor of Memorial University of Newfoundland from 1961 to 1968.
In order to receive this title, it was necessary for Thomson to acquire British citizenship, as the Canadian government had made it common practice since 1919 to disallow the conference of titular honours from the sovereign on Canadians.
Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet (September 1, 1923 – June 12, 2006), known in Canada as Ken Thomson, was a Canadian/British businessman and art collector.
Thomson was first educated at Upper Canada College before going up to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he received a degree in economics and law.
He succeeded his father as chair of what was then a media empire made up of extensive newspaper and television holdings.
The company then sold all of its community newspapers to become a financial data services giant and one of the world's most powerful information services and academic publishing companies.
Between the time of that report and his death, he jumped six positions to ninth with assets of almost $22.6 billion.
Over the past fifty years, Thomson distinguished himself as one of North America's leading art collectors and has been a major benefactor to the Art Gallery of Ontario.
Taylor, a one-time actress and film producer, became known for her lawsuit against Christie's auction house, when in 1994 she bought urns supposedly from Louis XV of France that were discovered instead to be 19th century reproductions.
He retained his positions as Chairman of The Woodbridge Company, the family's holding company, which owned a controlling share of Thomson Corporation.
Following his retirement from active business, he donated to the Art Gallery of Ontario nearly 2,000 art works worth more than US $300 million, representing the finest private art collection in Canada.
MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a prodrug to the neurotoxin MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain.
While MPTP itself has no psychoactive effects, the compound may be accidentally produced during the manufacture of MPPP, a synthetic opioid drug with effects similar to those of morphine and pethidine (meperidine).
Once inside the brain, MPTP is metabolized into the toxic cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) of glial cells, specifically astrocytes.
MPP+ interferes with complex I of the electron transport chain, a component of mitochondrial metabolism, which leads to cell death and causes the buildup of free radicals, toxic molecules that contribute further to cell destruction.
Because MPTP itself is not directly harmful, toxic effects of acute MPTP poisoning can be mitigated by the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as selegiline.
Dopaminergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to MPP+ because DA neurons exhibit dopamine reuptake which is mediated by DAT which also has high-affinity for MPP+.
Even though this property is exhibited by both VTA and SNc neurons, VTA neurons are protective against MPP+ insult due to the expression of calbindin.
Calbindin regulates the availability of Ca2+ within the cell, which is not the case in SNc neurons due to their high-calcium dependent autonomous pacemaker activity.
The direction of complex movement is based from the substantia nigra to the putamen and caudate nucleus, which then relay signals to the rest of the brain.
Mice were thought to only suffer from cell death in the substantia nigra (to differing degree according to the strain of mice used) but do not show Parkinsonian symptoms; however, most of the recent studies indicate that MPTP can result in Parkinsonism-like syndromes in mice (especially chronic syndromes).
The neurotoxicity of MPTP was hinted at in 1976 after Barry Kidston, a 23-year-old chemistry graduate student in Maryland, US, synthesized MPPP with MPTP as a major impurity, and self-injected the result.
In 1983, four people in Santa Clara County, California, US, were diagnosed with Parkinsonism after having used MPPP contaminated with MPTP.
The neurologist J. William Langston in collaboration with NIH tracked down MPTP as the cause, and its effects on primates were researched.
After performing neural grafts of fetal tissue on three of the patients at Lund University Hospital in Sweden, the motor symptoms of two of the three patients were successfully treated, and the third showed partial recovery.
The symptoms and brain structures of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease are fairly indistinguishable to the point that MPTP may be used to simulate the disease in order to study Parkinson's disease physiology and possible treatments within the laboratory.
Knowledge of MPTP and its use in reliably recreating Parkinson's disease symptoms in experimental models has inspired scientists to investigate the possibilities of surgically replacing neuron loss through fetal tissue implants, subthalamic electrical stimulation and stem cell research, all of which have demonstrated initial, provisional successes.
It has been postulated that Parkinson's disease may be caused by minute amounts of MPP+-like compounds from ingestion or exogenously through repeated exposure and that these substances are too minute to be detected significantly by epidemiological studies.
It was shown that the pesticide and insecticide rotenone causes Parkinsonism in rats by killing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
It was tested as a treatment for various conditions, but the tests were halted when Parkinson-like symptoms were noticed in monkeys.
MPTP is used in industry as a chemical intermediate; the chloride of the toxic metabolite MPP+, cyperquat, has been used as a herbicide.
Rory Underwood MBE (born 19 June 1963) is an English former rugby union player, he is 's record international try scorer with 49 tries in 85 internationals between 1984 and 1996.
Underwood's principal position was wing and he played 236 games for Leicester Tigers between 1983 and 1997, he also played for Middlesbrough, Bedford Blues and the Royal Air Force.
In 1992 Underwood played for England alongside his younger brother Tony Underwood, becoming the first brothers to play together for England since 1937.
Underwood was educated at Barnard Castle School (with fellow rugby international Rob Andrew and infamous MI6 officer Richard Tomlinson), followed by initial officer training at RAF College Cranwell.
His family moved to Yorkshire in 1976, but his father was posted to Singapore and did not rejoin the family for another three years.
He became station flight safety officer, then joined 55 Sqn (navigator training, now referred to as a weapon systems officer) on the twin-engined Dominie (British Aerospace 125), and continued in the RAF until 1999, although he could have stayed until 2001.
Having first played as a youngster at Middlesbrough Rugby Club (with Rob Andrew and Bernie Coyne) he went on to become one of the greatest wings in rugby union.
He won 85 England and 6 Lions caps between 1984 and 1996 (then an English record, later surpassed by Jason Leonard – it remained the highest total for an English back, though that has since been overtaken by Jonny Wilkinson), scoring a record 49 tries for England, and 1 for the British Lions, making him one of the leading try scorers of all time.
However, Underwood changed his mind and opted to carry on, initially for the next match against South Africa (their first match since their readmission to international sport), and eventually for several more years - playing mostly now on the left, to accommodate his younger brother, Tony, on the right wing.
They were the first brothers to represent England at the same time since 1937: and, in the 1993 match against Scotland, the first pair of brothers to score tries in the same match for England.
His long-lasting relationship with the RAF was put under strain when his wife was unfairly dismissed from the RAF for being pregnant, for which she received £13,000 in a compensation claim in 1995.
He lives in a small village near Grantham in Lincolnshire, having lived in the area for many years whilst at Cranwell.
The narrative follows the young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy and his friends Captain Haddock and Professor Calculus as they travel to the (fictional) South American nation of San Theodoros to rescue their friend Bianca Castafiore, who has been imprisoned by the government of General Tapioca.
The book reflected changes to the appearance and behaviour of several key characters in the series; Tintin himself for instance no longer wears his trademark plus fours, instead wearing bell-bottoms.
The volume was published to a poor reception and has continued to receive negative reviews from later commentators on Hergé's work.
Early criticism of the story focused on what was seen as its pessimistic outlook on political issues, while later reviews concentrated on the poor characterisation and lack of energy.
There, they learn that Bianca Castafiore, her maid Irma, pianist Igor Wagner and the detectives Thomson and Thompson have been imprisoned in San Theodoros for allegedly attempting to overthrow the military government of General Tapioca.
Tapioca invites the trio to visit San Theodores, promising them safe passage, but Tintin deems it to be a trap, leaving Haddock and Calculus to go alone.
Once there, the Captain and Professor are taken to a rural villa, where they are closely monitored by the security services.
Tintin joins his friends a few days later, where he points out to Haddock and Calculus that their villa is bugged.
With Pablo's assistance, Tintin, Snowy, Haddock, and Calculus escape from their guards on a pyramid and seek refuge with General Alcazar and his small band of anti-Tapioca guerrillas, the Picaros, who are hiding in the South American jungle.
After realising that Pablo is a double agent working for Tapioca, they escape an assault by a field gun and then shelter for a time with the Arumbaya, an indigenous community who live within the forest.
Alcazar realises that the Picaros will fail to launch a successful coup against Tapioca while they remain drunkards, and to combat this problem, Calculus provides them with tablets which render the taste of alcohol disgusting.
There, they storm the presidential palace and seize control; Alcazar becomes president, with Tapioca and Sponsz being exiled from the country as punishment for their crimes.
In particular, he had been inspired by the activities of Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement when they were launching a guerrilla war from the Sierra Maestra during the Cuban Revolution against President Fulgencio Batista.
Hergé's depiction of a band of Latin American revolutionaries was also influenced by the French leftist activist Régis Debray's accounts of his time spent fighting in the Bolivian Andes alongside the Argentine Marxist–Leninist revolutionary Che Guevara.
Hergé's depiction of Bordurian support for Tapioca's government was a reference to the Soviet Union's support for various Latin American regimes, most notably that of Castro's Cuba, with San Theodoros being depicted as having been governed under the ideological system of Borduria's political leader, Kurvi-Tasch.
Similarly, Hergé included a reference to Alcazar being backed by the International Banana Company in order to reflect the influence of Western multinational corporations in Latin America.
His depiction of a public sculpture in the city was inspired by the work of sculptor Marcel Arnould, while the paintings that he designed for the Tapiocapolis hotel in which Tintin and Haddock stay are based on the work of Serge Poliakoff.
Hergé also introduced a new character, Peggy Alcazar, whom he had based upon the American secretary to a Ku Klux Klan spokesman whom Hergé observed in a television documentary.
He also introduced the Jolly Follies into the story, a group who were based on three separate touring party groups that Hergé had encountered.
Hergé also changed the behaviour of several characters in the story, for instance by depicting Tintin practising yoga and Nestor the butler both eavesdropping and drinking Haddock's whisky.
Among the revelers, he included those dressed in the costumes of various different cartoon and film characters, such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Asterix, Snoopy, Groucho Marx, and Zorro.
The page in question was located between pages 22 and 23 of the published book, and featured Sponz attempting to smash a glass, but accidentally breaking a statue of Bordurian political leader Kurvi-Tasch instead.
In June 1977, Hergé travelled to Britain for Methuen's launch of the story's English translation, where he spent two weeks giving interviews and attending book signings.
For instance, he believed that the theme of eavesdropping was exhibited in the scene in which Nestor the butler listens in on Tintin and Haddock's argument.
McCarthy believed that the inclusion of the CND symbol on Tintin's motorcycle helmet at the start of the story was a sign that Hergé's left-wing tendency had won out over the right-wing perspectives which dominated his early work.
In 1991, a collaboration between the French studio Ellipse and the Canadian animation company Nelvana adapted 21 of the stories into a series of episodes, each 42 minutes long.
He was raised in West Texas near a United States Army Air Forces airfield, which inspired him to become a pilot.
Kellie preaches throughout the United States, as does Terri, who also preaches at Eagle Mountain International Church, which is pastored by her husband, George Pearsons.
In the fall of 1967, he enrolled in Oral Roberts University, where he soon became pilot and chauffeur to Oral Roberts.
The number of longer set conventions has waned in recent years, although KCM still holds an annual Believer's Convention in his hometown of Fort Worth, Texas, during the week of July 4.
Kenneth and Gloria Copeland, along with ministry friends including some family members, also preach at other conventions and conferences throughout the world.
These events stream live on Copeland's website, kcm.org, as well as being shown on Christian television stations such as God TV and the Daystar Television Network.
The Monday through Friday television broadcasts feature a Copeland family member, either alone or with another minister, discussing subjects from the Bible.
Kenneth Copeland Ministries is located at 14355 Morris Dido Road, Fort Worth, TX 76192 on 33 acres (13 ha), a property valued at $554,160 in 2008 by Tarrant Appraisal District.
The site includes the Eagle Mountain International Church, television and radio production facilities, warehouse and distribution facilities, residences for the Copeland family, and Kenneth Copeland Airport.
KCM also owns a 1998 Cessna 550 Citation Bravo, which it received from a donor in October 2007 and is used for domestic flights, and a 2005 Cessna 750 Citation X, which it uses for international flights.
The Copelands' financial records are not publicly available, and a list of the board of directors is not accessible as these details are protected but known confidentially by the Internal Revenue Service.
Responding to media questions, Copeland pointed to what he asserted was an accounting firm's declaration that all jet travel complies with federal tax laws.
In December 2008, KCM's Citation Bravo was denied tax exemption after KCM refused to submit a standardized Texas Comptroller form that some county appraisal districts use to make determinations, which would have required making public the salary of all ministry staff.
KCM subsequently filed suit with the Tarrant Appraisal District in January 2009 and its petition to have the aircraft's tax-exempt status restored was granted in March 2010.
Kenneth Copeland Ministries has taken advantage of a Federal Aviation Administration program that keeps flights private from tracking websites, and the ministry owns five such aircraft whose flights are kept private, including the Cessna 750 Citation X noted above and a North American T-28 Trojan.
United States Senator Chuck Grassley has questioned some of the flights taken by these aircraft, including layovers in Maui, Fiji, and Honolulu.
The Angel Flight 44 ministry was announced by Kenneth Copeland Ministries in 2006 and the ministry attempted to raise money to fund it.
Richard Vermillion, co-author of a book on Angel Flight 44 commissioned by Kenneth Copeland Ministries, said that Copeland promised to form the aviation ministry but now believes it was never created.
Through the years, Copeland has invited many church pastors and evangelists to appear on his daily program to discuss their respective books.
As a result of the Huckabee appearances, Kenneth Copeland Ministries was one of six approached by the United States Senate inquiry into the tax-exempt status of religious organizations.
In 2013, a measles outbreak (20 confirmed cases as of August 26) in Tarrant County was attributed in the press to anti-vaccination sentiments expressed by members of the Copeland Ministries.
The church denied making any such statements and urged members to get vaccinations, even offering free immunizations through the church itself.
Pastor Terri Copeland Pearsons, who is Kenneth Copeland's daughter, offered free vaccination clinics and advised those who did not attend one of the clinics to quarantine themselves at home for two weeks.
The concerns we have had are primarily with very young children who have family history of autism and with bundling too many immunizations at one time.
In 2009, Copeland's $3.6 million jet was denied tax-exempt status, opening up a possible investigation into the church's expenses; Copeland failed to disclose the salaries of his directors.
Copeland's ministry bought a multi-million Gulfstream V jet airplane and Copeland thanked his followers and Jesus for buying it when it was delivered at the Fort Worth airstrip, wearing a pilot jacket and sunglasses.
Now, the church is asking another $17 or $19.5 million for the building of a hangar, upgrading the runway and maintenance.
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1984 general election as a Progressive Conservative from Alberta.
Following Mulroney's resignation as PC leader and prime minister in 1993, Edwards was a candidate at the PC leadership convention held to choose a successor.
He was appointed chief government Whip and President of the Treasury Board in the short lived cabinet of Prime Minister Kim Campbell.
He lost his seat in that year's 1993 election that reduced the Tories to only two Members of Parliament in the House.
Edwards was the president and CEO of Economic Development Edmonton from 1998 to 2002 and served as the chair of the board of governors at the University of Alberta from March 2002 to 2006.
The Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland was established in 1998 as part of the Belfast Agreement, intended as a major step in the Northern Ireland peace process.
The other members of the Commission were Maurice Hayes, Peter Smith, Kathleen O'Toole, Gerald W. Lynch, Sir John Smith, Lucy Woods and Professor Clifford Shearing.
Under the terms of reference defined in the Belfast Agreement, the Commission was to inquire into policing in Northern Ireland, consult widely, and make proposals for future policing structures and arrangements, including the police force composition, recruitment, training, culture, ethos and symbols.
The aim of the proposals was to create a police service that would be effective, operate in partnership with the community, cooperate with the Garda Síochána and other police forces, and be accountable both to the law and the community which it was to serve.
The recommendations contained in the report have been partly implemented by the Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2000 and the Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2003.
Sinn Féin, which represents a quarter of Northern Ireland's voters, refused to endorse the new force until the Patten recommendations had been implemented in full, however voted to support the force in 2007 and now take their seats on the Northern Ireland Policing Board.
The recommendation to change the RUC name to Northern Ireland Police Service was changed to Police Service of Northern Ireland instead.
A Gaelic Athletic Association convention repealed Rule 21 (a ban on members of the British army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary from playing Gaelic games), although almost all of the votes to do so came from the Republic (there were exceptions Kerry, Cavan and Monaghan voted against repealing the rule) .
Such actions have led to the NI approach of addressing inequality of opportunity to be considered as ‘radically different’ to the rest of the United Kingdom (UK).
The NI Affairs Committee noted that ‘whether criticism of the force has been justified or not, it is the case that any settlement in Northern Ireland involves policing issues’.
A reflection of the data demonstrates the Roman Catholic representation of the police force to increase from 7.4% in 1991 to a mere 8.2% seven years later.
A post conflict solution arising from the Independent Commission on Policing, led by Chris Patten, included proposals for more inclusive policing arrangements.
The report was a comprehensive plan including proactive measures regarding gender equality, community awareness training and changing the culture and ethos of the police.
The pursuit of a more proportional representation was critical in adopting this temporary measure (See table, fig 12) in addition to the certainty of results it was likely to produce within a reasonable timeframe.
A broader reading of the contemporary political context in NI implicates the measure with the long term goal of achieving peace within NI.
Whilst the Patten proposals were largely accepted by the Secretary of State, the temporary 50:50 recruitment measure was not universally welcomed.
Fredman argues that affirmative action programmes can lead to greater integration of minorities within the community which can, in turn, help to reduce inequalities.
As Son Hing, Bobocel and Zanna note, typically people who strongly endorse the merit principle and believe that outcomes should be given to those most deserving, oppose affirmative action programmes that violate this principle.
Sally Wokes highlights that affirmative action violates the essential principle of equality, suggesting that it is likely to increase tensions between communities and lead to the stigmatisation of those groups which benefit.
She also questions the validity of the ‘role model’ argument on the basis that the perceived lack of merit undermines the legitimacy of their position, thus negating their positive influence as a role model.
Furthermore, Wokes suggests that affirmative action will only benefit the least deprived members of a minority, therefore doing little to tackle the underlying disadvantage.
In December 1998, the Catholic proportion of the police service represented 8.3% this had significantly increased by March 2011 to 29.7%.
Owen Paterson viewed this result as a ‘tremendous change’ which was at the top end of the Patten Report’s critical mass.
Nevertheless, the discriminatory impact on other communities, specifically Protestant, has been acknowledged against this context of increasing Catholic representation and support for the police.
Furthermore, Patrick Yu (Executive Director of the Northern Ireland Council for Ethnic Minorities) criticises the 50:50 measure, for categorising Catholics and ‘non-Catholics,’ highlighting that the legislation addresses only two communities, with all other minorities,’fall (ing) through the gap.’ It is however noted that by August 2014, ethnic minorities employed as police officers stood at 0.51% of the population, which is broadly in line with census data.
Policing in NI continues to evolve and its effectiveness will be subject to ongoing review and evaluation by the Policing Board.
A Public Accounts Committee report stated almost 40% of all temporary workers were former police officers and nearly 20% of Patten retirees were reemployed by the PSNI as temporary staff.
Given the close alignment between the political context and policing, the affirmative action measures and their effectiveness will constantly be subject to review and evaluation.
It is possible to even say that the compositional improvements of the PSNI may have influenced the Metropolitan Police in London to call for positive action measures to increase the representation of ethnic minorities.
Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder is a 1998 book by the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author discusses the relationship between science and the arts from the perspective of a scientist.
This pleasure was not in spite of, but rather because he does not assume as cause the inexplicable actions of a deity but rather the understandable laws of nature.
Dawkins's agenda is to show the reader that science does not destroy, but rather discovers poetry in the patterns of nature.
In fact, those in search of beauty or poetry in their cosmology need not turn to the paranormal or even necessarily restrict themselves to the mysterious: science itself, the business of unravelling mysteries, is beautiful and poetic.
The potential people who could have been here in my place but who will in fact never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of Arabia.
We know this because the set of possible people allowed by our DNA so massively outnumbers the set of actual people.
Time and space are vast, so the probability that the reader came to be alive here and now, as opposed to another time or place, was slim.
More important, the probability that the reader came to be alive at all were even slimmer: the correct structure of atoms had to align in the universe.
This chapter describes a third reason to embrace science (the first two being beauty and duty): improving one's performance in the arts.
This offers a disservice to the public, who are capable of appreciating the beauty of the universe as deeply as a scientist can.
The successful communication of unadulterated science enhances, not confuses, the arts; after all, poets (Dawkins' synonym for artists—see page 24) and scientists are motivated by a similar spirit of wonder.
Second, the mysteries which science unfolds lead to new and more exciting mysteries; for example, botany's findings might lead us to wonder about the workings of a fly's consciousness.
This chapter offers more evidence that science is fun and poetic, by exploring sound waves, birdsong, and low-frequency phenomena such as pendula and periodic mass extinctions.
A fourth reason to embrace science is that it can help deliver justice in a court of law, via DNA fingerprinting or even via simple statistical reasoning.
Genes compete with each other, but this occurs within the context of collaboration, as is shown with examples involving mitochondria, bacteria, and termites.
Two types of collaboration are co-adaptation (tailoring simultaneously the different parts of an organism, such as flower colour and flower markings), and co-evolution (two species changing together; e.g.
Neural circuitry is discussed, and a comparison is made between brains and genes: albeit over different time scales, both record the environment's past to help the organism make the optimal actions in the (predicted) future.
A similar event occurred over a longer time scale (millions of years) when the minds and brains of our ancestors simultaneously improved very rapidly.
An example would be to consider a friend you have not seen for years when you are on holiday (an unlikely event).
Before saying it is fate or coincidence, think what is in the petwhac (meeting any friend from around the same period, or friends of your brothers, sisters or parents, old flames, neighbours, teachers, someone who worked in the local chip-shop... the list is probably endless, and all would seem coincidental).
Dawkins offers several examples of petwhacs in the book, two of which are the bedside clock of a woman (Richard Feynman's wife) stopping exactly when she died, and a psychic who stops the watches of his television audience.
The first is explained by the fact that the clock had a mechanical defect which made it stop when tilted off the horizontal, which is what a nurse did to read the time of death in poor lighting conditions.
We need to decide how large a delay would have been judged by the audience as sufficiently simultaneous with the psychic's announcement to impress.
About five minutes is certainly safe, especially since he can keep talking to each caller for a few minutes before the next call ceases to seem roughly simultaneous.
If only half of them are wearing watches, we could expect about 25 of those watches to stop in any given minute.
If only a quarter of these ring into the studio, that is 6 calls, more than enough to dumbfound a naïve audience.
Lillian Marie Bounds-Disney (February 15, 1899December 16, 1997) was an American ink artist at the Disney Studios, and the wife of Walt Disney, from 1925 until his death in 1966.
Born Lillian Marie Bounds in Spalding, Idaho, she grew up in nearby Lapwai on the Nez Perce Indian Reservation, where her father Willard worked as a blacksmith and federal marshal.
Bounds and Walt Disney married on July 13, 1925, in Idaho at her brother’s home, officiated by the rector of Lewiston's Episcopal Church of the Nativity.
Disney had ten grandchildren: seven by Diane and her husband (Ron W. Miller), and three by Sharon and her two husbands, Robert Brown and William Lund.
Disney is credited with having named her husband's most famous character, Mickey Mouse, during a train trip from New York to California in 1928.
Following Walt Disney's death in 1966, Disney was married to John L. Truyens from May 1969 until his death in February 1981.
Disney suffered a stroke on December 15, 1997, which was exactly 31 years after the death of her first husband, Walt.
William Woodbridge (August 20, 1780October 20, 1861) was a U.S. statesman in the states of Ohio and Michigan and in the Michigan Territory prior to statehood.
He returned to Connecticut to complete his law studies and, after returning to Ohio, was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1806 where he began a practice in Marietta, Ohio.
He was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1807, and was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1808, serving from 1809 to 1814.
In 1814, Woodbridge's old friend Lewis Cass, who had become Governor of the Michigan Territory, encouraged him to accept appointments as Secretary of the Territory and as the collector of customs at the Port of Detroit.
Woodbridge became Michigan Territory's first Delegate, serving in the 16th Congress from March 4, 1819, to his resignation on August 9, 1820 due to illness in his family.
As a Delegate, Woodbridge worked for the passage of legislation that recognized old French land titles in the Territory according to the terms of the previously signed treaties.
He also secured approval for the construction of government roads from the Great Miami River to Detroit, and from Detroit to Chicago.
He was also a strong advocate for Michigan's claim to the Toledo Strip, which was disputed with the state of Ohio.
In 1828, he was appointed one of three Territorial Supreme Court judges by President John Quincy Adams, succeeding James Witherell and serving in this capacity until 1832 when his term expired and President Andrew Jackson chose a replacement who was not from the Whig party as Woodbridge was.
He resigned as Governor on February 23, 1841 to take a seat in the United States Senate and was succeeded by his Lieutenant Governor, J. Wright Gordon.
He was only one of two Whig Senators who represented Michigan, alongside Augustus S. Porter whom he served with for most of his term.
Woodbridge served as chairman of the Committee on Public Lands in the 28th Congress, 1843–1844, and of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office in the 29th Congress, 1845–1846.
The words may or may not be grammatically correct, but are semantically confused to the point that the listener cannot extract any meaning from them.
The term is often used in psychiatry as well as in theoretical linguistics to describe a type of grammatical acceptability judgement by native speakers, and in computer programming to describe textual randomization.
Word salad may describe a symptom of neurological or psychiatric conditions in which a person attempts to communicate an idea, but words and phrases that may appear to be random and unrelated come out in an incoherent sequence instead.
Clang associations are especially characteristic of mania, as seen in bipolar disorder, as a somewhat more severe variation of flight of ideas.
The Head And In Frontal Attack On An English Writer That The Character Of This Point Is Therefore Another Method For The Letters That The Time Of Who Ever Told The Problem For An Unexpected.
Nonsensical phrasing can also be generated for more malicious reasons, such as the Bayesian poisoning used to counter Bayesian spam filters by using a string of words which have a high probability of being collocated in English, but with no concern for whether the sentence makes sense grammatically or logically.
John Garth Turner, (born March 14, 1949) is a Canadian business journalist, best-selling author, entrepreneur, broadcaster, financial advisor and politician, twice elected as a Member of the House of Commons, former Minister of National Revenue and leadership candidate for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.
After serving as a PC MP between 1988 and 1993, he returned to political life as a candidate for the Conservative Party of Canada in the 2006 federal election, beating Liberal Gary Carr in the riding of Halton, Ontario.
On October 18, 2006, the Conservative Party suspended him from the Conservative caucus for his independent stance and he sat as an Independent MP until February 6, 2007, when he joined the Liberal Party of Canada.
He earned a Bachelor of Arts in English literature from the University of Toronto, and a Master of Arts in English literature from the University of Western Ontario.
Before entering a career in electoral politics, Turner founded and owned weekly newspapers in Ontario, worked as an editor for The Globe and Mail, Metroland Publishing and Thomson Newspapers, and helped launch Maclean's as a newsweekly magazine.
In the short-lived cabinet of Kim Campbell he was appointed Minister of National Revenue, but lost his seat in the 1993 election when his party was reduced to just two seats.
After his election loss, Turner returned to journalism, becoming business editor for Baton Broadcasting and then the CTV network and authoring a series of books on real estate and personal finance.
After parting with Baton and later CTV, he formed the television production company Millennium Media Television, which became the largest independent producer of network television programming in Canada.
The company produced up to nine weekly series for broadcasters such as Global, CTV and YTV, and its 'Business Television' had the most substantial audience at the time for a financial program on Canadian television.
Also during this period, Turner became a public speaker, traveling the country and attracting crowds at events often sponsored by financial advisory companies, banks, mutual fund companies and real estate investment companies.
He also authored a string of best-sellers, including '2015: After the Boom', 'The Strategy', 'The Defence', '2020' and an annual RRSP guide.
Turner was former CEO and founder of The Credit River Company, a Caledon-based destination and ecotourism company that was noted for the restoration of heritage buildings in the area.
Turner served as national director of the Vancouver-based Sierra Legal Defence Fund, an organization dedicated to upholding environmental laws, resigning after his return to the House of Commons.
Greater Fool, The Troubled Future of Real Estate, detailed Turner's view of the dangers confronting middle class Canadians who reside in volatile urban real estate markets across the country.
In 2009, Turner launched an online retail operation, xurbia.ca, offering renewable and alternative energy products and equipment, as well as preparedness supplies, citing climate change and the ongoing economic downturn as precipitating factors.
He also relaunched his pre-election eco-tourism business with the purchase of the historic (1855) Cataract Inn, in Caledon, Ontario, outside of Toronto.
Turner also returned to his national speaking tours, focusing on investor education in a string of events once again sponsored by prominent companies in the financial services sector.
Turner returned to politics with his election as a Conservative MP for Halton, which included most of the territory he had represented in his previous term, in the 2006 general election.
On October 18, 2006, the Ontario members of the Conservative caucus voted to suspend Turner for what they claimed were violations of caucus confidentiality as published in his weblog.
Within hours, Turner was dismissed from the Conservative Party caucus, and ultimately from the Conservative Party of Canada, by edict of the party's political leadership.
The Conservative Party never furnished evidence of Turner's alleged breaches of confidentiality, while Turner argued Prime Minister Stephen Harper could not tolerate an independent-minded MP within his caucus.
Turner praised Green leader Elizabeth May on his blog and campaigned for her in her bid to win a seat in the London by-election.
According to Turner's weblog, his constituents were consulted over a number of weeks, and various options for action were considered: that he remain an independent Member of Parliament with no party affiliation; that he reconcile with the Conservative party; or that he join the Green Party.
After a period of introspection and deliberation, on February 6, 2007 Turner surprised many observers by joining the Liberal Party caucus at the invitation of its leader, Stéphane Dion.
In response, Turner repeatedly offered to run in a by-election in his constituency of Halton, Ontario, should David Emerson and Wajid Khan (floor-crossing members in the Conservative caucus, each former Liberals) also run in by-elections in their constituencies held at the same time.
It is an account of his experiences within and without the caucus of the Conservative Party, and the clash between backroom-style politics and the open blogging Turner pioneered as a web-based MP.
Turner works as a financial lecturer and an independent, fee-based, licensed financial advisor based in Toronto, with clients across the country.
The story was cancelled abruptly following the Allied liberation in September 1944, when Hergé was blacklisted after being accused of collaborating with the occupying Germans.
The story revolves around the investigations of a young reporter Tintin and his friend Captain Haddock into the abduction of their friend Professor Calculus and its connection to a mysterious illness which has afflicted the members of an archaeological expedition to Peru.
There, they witness the performance of a clairvoyant, Madame Yamilah, who predicts the illness of one of the Sanders-Hardiman expedition members; this expedition has recently returned from an archaeological venture to the Andes mountains.
The evening's entertainment also includes the act of a knife thrower whom Tintin recognises as General Alcazar, former President of San Theodoros.
Alcazar introduces Tintin and Haddock to his Quechua assistant, Chiquito, and explains that he is in exile after being deposed (once again) by his rival, General Tapioca.
The next day, Tintin and Haddock learn that members of the Sanders-Hardiman expedition are falling into comas, with fragments of a shattered crystal ball found near each victim.
Tintin, Haddock, and their friend Professor Calculus visit the only expedition member yet to be affected, Professor Hercules Tarragon, who is an old friend and former classmate of Calculus'.
Under police guard, Professor Tarragon shows his visitors one of the expedition's discoveries from Peru: the mummified body of Inca king Rascar Capac.
Worried, Tarragon states that this reflects the culmination of Capac's prophecy, which declares that punishment will descend upon those who desecrate his tomb.
They find Tarragon comatose in his bed, with the accompanying crystal shards nearby; the attacker had bypassed the guards by climbing in via the chimney.
The next day, Calculus is walking on the grounds of Tarragon's house when he discovers one of the mummy's bracelets, which he places on himself.
Tintin and Haddock later realise that Calculus has gone missing, and surmise that he has been kidnapped by the same individual who placed Tarragon in a coma.
Tintin visits a hospital where the seven stricken members of the Sanders-Hardiman expedition are housed; he is astonished that at a precise time of day, all awaken and scream about figures attacking them before slipping back into their comas.
Haddock is dejected by Calculus' abduction, but upon learning that police have spotted the kidnapper's car at a port, he and Tintin race there, believing that the abductors seek to board a boat with Calculus and take him abroad.
At the docks, they spot Alcazar boarding a ship to South America; he reveals that Chiquito was one of the last descendants of the Inca and has disappeared.
Having lost Calculus' trail, Tintin and Haddock decide to pay a visit to Haddock's old friend Chester, who has docked at another nearby port.
Confiscated from its original owners, ' was permitted by the German authorities to reopen under the directorship of Belgian editor Raymond de Becker, although it remained firmly under Nazi control, supporting the German war effort and espousing anti-Semitism.
Faced with the reality of Nazi oversight, Hergé abandoned the overt political themes that had pervaded much of his earlier work, instead adopting a policy of neutrality.
Hergé planned for the former story to outline a mystery, while the latter would see his characters undertake an expedition to solve it.
His use of an ancient mummy's curse around which the narrative revolved was inspired by tales of a curse of the pharaohs which had been unearthed during the archaeologist Howard Carter's 1922 discovery of Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb.
The two became close friends and artistic collaborators, as Jacobs aided Hergé in developing various aspects of the plot, such as the idea of the crystal balls and the story's title.
He also used Jacobs as a researcher, sending him to the Cinquantenaire Museum to study its collections of Incan material, and it was the mummified Incan corpse in their collection that was used as the basis for the mummy of Rascar Capac.
The scenery and background of the story was meticulously copied from existing sources; car model types like the Opel Olympia 38 in which Calculus' abductors escaped the police were drawn from real examples, while Hergé closely adhered to the reality of the port and docks at Saint-Nazaire.
This was accompanied by general exhaustion, depression, and fear that upon the imminent collapse of German administration, he would face retribution as a collaborator; many accused of being collaborators had already been killed by the Belgian Resistance.
Hergé had been forced to abandon the story after 152 strips, equivalent to fifty pages of the later published book volume.
The story had been left unfinished after the scene in which Tintin leaves the hospital where he sees the seven members of the expedition enduring a simultaneous fit.
This would be the first of four incidents in which Hergé was arrested and freed: by the State Security, the Judiciary Police, the Belgian National Movement, and the Front for Independence, during which he spent one night in jail.
The period witnessed widespread allegations against accused collaborators, with military courts condemning 30,000 on minor charges and 25,000 on more serious charges; of those, 5,500 were sentenced to life imprisonment or capital punishment.
Although this period allowed him an escape from the pressure of daily production which had affected most of his working life, he also had family problems to deal with; his brother Paul returned to Brussels from a German prisoner-of-war camp and their mother had become highly delusional and was moved to a psychiatric hospital.
In October 1945, Hergé was approached by Raymond Leblanc, a former member of a conservative Resistance group, the National Royalist Movement (MNR), and his associates André Sinave and Albert Debaty.
Concerned about the judicial investigation into Hergé's wartime affiliations, Leblanc convinced William Ugeux, a leader of the Belgian Resistance who was now in charge of censorship and certificates of good citizenship, to look into the comic creator's file.
The decision whether Hergé would stand trial belonged to the general auditor of the Military Tribunal, Walter Ganshof van der Meersch.
In May 1946, Hergé was issued a certificate of good citizenship, which became largely necessary to obtain employment in post-war Belgium.
He considered the post-war trials of collaborators a great injustice inflicted upon many innocent people, and never forgave Belgian society for the way that he had been treated, although he hid this from his public persona.
Hergé assembled a team of artists for the purpose, including Edgar P. Jacobs and Jacques Van Melkebeke, who became the magazine's first editor.
Rather than re-serialising the story from its beginning, he began the new magazine with a summary of the story so far, presented as a press clipping.
After the story had finished serialisation, the publishing company Casterman divided it into two volumes, ' and ', which they released in 1948 and 1949 respectively.
When translated into English for a publication by Methuen in 1963, a number of Francophone place-names were changed; for instance, the port of Saint-Nazaire was renamed Westermouth, which, according to author Michael Farr, was probably inspired by the real English coastal town of Weymouth.
He argued that the way in which Alcazar was presented as Tintin's friend in this story was a manifestation of the recurring theme of friendship.
He thought that the appearance of Rascar Capac's jewels reflected Hergé's use of jewels as a theme throughout the series, while the mummy's removal from its tomb was a manifestation of the recurring concept of the tomb.
Produced by Raymond Leblanc and directed by Eddie Lateste, it was written by Lateste, the cartoonist Greg, Jos Marissen, and Laszló Molnár.
The production, directed by Dirk de Caluwé, adapted by Seth Gaaikema and Frank Van Laecke with music by Dirk Brossé, featured Tom Van Landuyt as Tintin.
Unlike the smaller Lam Chau, it was only partially leveled when it was assimilated via land reclamation into the island for the current Hong Kong International Airport, which opened for commercial aviation in 1998.
Cathay Pacific City, the head office of Cathay Pacific, and the head offices of Dragonair and Hong Kong Airlines are also located on the airport platform.
The name of the island may be derived from the bareness of the island ('da chek lak'), that the shape of the island resembles the red tripletail Perch ('chek lap', 赤鱲), or that the fish was once abundant in its vicinity.
Before the building of the airport platform, it was a small and hilly island, about long, with an area of (other sources mention ).
It is the site of the Ancient Kiln Park and the Airport Island Angle Station of the Ngong Ping 360 cable car.
It later declined, with some 20 families remaining on the island when the plan for the construction of a new airport was announced in the early 1990s.
The original farming and fishing villages on the island were relocated to Chek Lap Kok Village (赤鱲角村) near Tung Chung on Lantau Island.
A third runway at Hong Kong Airport is being built as part of the Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030.
Trade justice is a campaign by non-governmental organisations, plus efforts by other actors, to change the rules and practices of world trade in order to promote fairness.
The organizations campaigning for trade justice posit this concept in opposition to free trade, the advocates of which often also claim pro-poor outcomes.
Trade justice advocates argue that truly free trade does not and will never exist, and that governmental policies on trade should be in the public interest, rather than the interest of wealthy entities who try to influence trade negotiation to benefit their individual interests.
Advocates of trade justice argue that growing inequity and serious gaps in social justice, and the global export of terrorism, are symptoms of an economic system that permits harms to be exported to other countries, while importing their goods.
Indeed, although there are many who are still critical of free trade in general, there is a trend towards campaigning against what is seen as hypocrisy by developed countries in using protectionism against the poorest countries, especially in agricultural products, while requiring them to leave their own producers without protection.
The term trade justice has been widely adopted internationally by campaign groups, for example by the over 100 national platforms of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty where it is one of the four main demands.
The global institutions that are most often targeted in trade justice campaigns against the alleged injustices of the current international trade system are the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB).
Campaigners also lobby their own governments with the intention of creating pressure on them to prioritise poverty reduction when making international trade rules.
In trading blocs such as the European Union (EU), the campaigns seek to influence policy across a number of member state governments.
It is associated particularly with labour unions and environmentalists, in their criticism of disparities between the protections for capital versus those for labour and the environment.
The use of the term has expanded beyond campaigns to reform current trading practices, and the major institutions such as the World Trade Organization which embody them.
Academics such as Thomas Alured Faunce argue that the insertion of a constructive ambiguity such as valuing innovation in bilateral trade agreements (and then according normative and ongoing lobbying power to such textual negotiating truces by formally linking them with non-violation nullification of benefits provisions) may undermine democratic sovereignty with regard to construction of domestic policy, particularly in areas such as the environment and public health.
When developing countries export to developed country markets, they often face tariff barriers that can be as much as four times higher than those encountered by developed countries.
Most trade justice campaigners focus in some way on the agricultural subsidies of rich countries that make it difficult for farmers in poor countries to compete.
For example, they argue that the European Union's agricultural export subsidies encourage overproduction of goods such as tomatoes or sugar, which are then sold cheaply or 'dumped' in poor countries.
Recently rich countries have begun to talk about cutting export subsidies, but they often demand greater access to poor country markets in return.
This is because of their overwhelming lack of competitiveness – poor countries do not have huge stocks of exports waiting to be shipped to rich countries, instead most small farmers want to be able to sell their goods locally.
It passes through a number of locally well-known neighborhoods and districts, notably Eat Street in south Minneapolis and the traffic-restricted Nicollet Mall in the city's downtown.
Nicollet Avenue was named for early 19th-century French explorer and cartographer Joseph Nicollet, who led three expeditions in what is now Minnesota.
One block of the street between 29th Street and Lake Street was removed in the 1970s to build a K-Mart store which covers two city blocks, detouring southbound traffic to Blaisdell Avenue and northbound traffic to First Avenue South.
The city of Minneapolis has plans to restore Nicollet Avenue by reconstructing the K-Mart site into a new configuration that would include both commercial and residential development.
The Dan Patch Line, a separate railroad serving communities as far south as Northfield, Minnesota, ran parallel to the streetcar line between 60th Street and Diamond Lake Road.
Nicollet Station, a carhouse originally built for the Motor Line, was kept and expanded by TCRT, but was torn down as the system was dismantled in 1953–1954.
The station was located at Nicollet and 31st Street, just south of the Minneapolis Millers' Nicollet Park baseball field, which itself closed in 1955.
Technically, the avenue begins at Grant Street in Loring Park and continues south to West 29th Street/Cecil B. Newman Lane, where it is interrupted by a K-Mart store, and begins again at Lake Street, continuing through Richfield and Bloomington to 107th Street just north of the Minnesota River.
Nicollet is a major commercial street in Burnsville, forming one of two main streets of their Heart of the City downtown area.
Nicollet is a city street in Minneapolis and Burnsville, while it is designated as Hennepin County Road 52 between 98th Street in Bloomington and W 61st St in Minneapolis (just north of the Richfield border).
The Motor Line ran along Marquette Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, then turned west for one block at 13th Street South to reach Nicollet.
The line was constructed south to 31st Street in 1879, to 37th Street in 1884, and was extended further south to 50th Street in 1887.
It was converted to streetcar operation in 1890, and the Twin City Rapid Transit Company (TCRT) extended the route to Diamond Lake Road in 1911, 58th Street in 1928, and 62nd Street (now Minnesota State Highway 62) in 1947.
Streetcars on the road had a service frequency of one every 5 minutes off-peak, and ran about twice as often during the morning and afternoon peak periods.
However, the major focus of the mission was testing and evaluating new Space Shuttle flight safety techniques, which included new inspection and repair techniques.
The crewmembers used the new Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) – a set of instruments on a 50-foot (15 m) extension attached to the Canadarm.
The OBSS instrument package consists of visual imaging equipment and a Laser Dynamic Range Imager (LDRI) to detect problems with the shuttle's Thermal Protection System (TPS).
The crew scanned the leading edges of the wings, the nose cap, and the crew compartment for damage, as well as other potential problem areas engineers wished to inspect based on video taken during lift-off.
The CMG was carried up on the LMC (Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier) at the rear of the payload bay, together with the TPS Repair Box.
On the third, they installed the External Stowage Platform and repaired the shuttle, the first time repairs had been carried out during a spacewalk on the exterior of a spacecraft in flight.
On 1 August, it was announced that protruding gap fillers on the front underside of the shuttle would be inspected and dealt with during the third spacewalk of the mission.
Later on the same day, NASA officials said that they were looking closely at a thermal blanket located next to the commander's window on the port side of the orbiter.
Published reports on 4 August 2005 said that wind tunnel testing had demonstrated that the orbiter was safe to re-enter with the billowed blanket.
The extra day was also used to move more items from the shuttle to the ISS, as uncertainty mounted during the mission as to when a shuttle would next visit the station.
Around 2.5 seconds after lift-off, a large bird struck near the top of the external fuel tank, and appeared in subsequent video frames to slide down the tank.
NASA did not expect this to hurt the mission because it did not hit the orbiter, and because the vehicle was traveling relatively slowly at the time.
A small fragment of thermal tile, estimated to be around 1.5 inches (38 mm) in size, was ejected from an edge tile of the front landing gear door at some point before SRB separation.
A small white area appeared on the tile as the piece detached, and the loose shard could be seen in a single frame of the video.
At 127.1 seconds after liftoff, and 5.3 seconds after SRB separation, a large piece of debris separated from the Protuberance Air Load (PAL) ramp, which is part of the external tank.
Based on the mass of the foam, and the velocity at which it would have struck the wing, NASA estimated it only exerted one-tenth the energy required to cause potential damage.
On 27 July 2005, NASA announced that it was postponing all Shuttle flights until the foam loss problem could be resolved.
Later in August, it became clear that a September launch date would not be possible, and that the earliest date for the next launch would be in March 2006.
With the destruction suffered by Michoud and NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi due to Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent flooding, the launch of the next shuttle mission (STS-121) was further delayed until 4 July 2006.
In December 2005 x-ray photographs of another tank showed that thermal expansion and contraction during filling, not human error, caused the cracks that resulted in foam loss.
On the third EVA of the mission, two areas on the underside of the shuttle where photographic surveying identified protruding gap fillers were dealt with.
The other, in a different location where there is a wider gap between tiles, simply functions to reduce the gap size between tiles, which in turn reduces heat transfer to the shuttle.
Even without this filler NASA did not expect the increased heat to cause a problem during reentry (it is present to avoid a level of heating which would only be problematic if experienced many times over a vehicle's design life).
An overview of the situation, including procedures for dealing with the protrusions, were sent electronically to the crew and printed aboard the shuttle.
During the third EVA, both fillers were successfully removed with less than a pound of force and without the need to use any tools.
The gap fillers were made of a cloth impregnated with ceramic – they were stiff and could be easily cut with a tool similar to a hacksaw blade.
Protruding gap fillers were a problem because they disrupted the normally laminar air flow under the orbiter during reentry, causing turbulence at lower speeds.
A turbulent air flow would result in a mixing of hot and cold air, which could have a major effect on the shuttle temperature.
The decision to make the repair balanced the risks of the EVA with the risks of leaving the protruding gap fillers as they were.
It is thought that gap filler protrusions of a similar magnitude were present on previous missions, but were not observed in-orbit.
Consideration was also given to the risks of elements of the procedure which would involve the ISS arm being used to carry Stephen K. Robinson below the shuttle, possibly the use of a sharp tool which had the potential to damage the EVA suit or shuttle tiles.
A further in-flight repair was considered to remove or clip a damaged thermal blanket located beneath the commander's window on the port side of the orbiter.
Wind tunnel testing by NASA determined that the thermal blanket was safe for re-entry, and plans for a fourth spacewalk were cancelled.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
On flight day 10, the entire STS-114 crew, and the crew of Expedition 11 gathered to wish Rick Husband's son Matthew, a happy birthday.
Richard Reeves (born 28 November 1936) is a writer, syndicated columnist and lecturer at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
Reeves' weekly column, carried by Universal Press Syndicate, has appeared in more than 160 newspapers across the United States since 1979.
Samhain is the least-celebrated of Danzig's major musical outlets and catalogs a transitional period in his musical career, bridging the gap between the punk rock of the Misfits and the dark, heavy metal and blues-influenced sound of Danzig.
Samhain's lyrics were much darker than those of the Misfits, with themes rooted in paganism and the occult and eventually the horrors of reality, as opposed to the sometimes cartoonish ghouls and ghosts of the Misfits.
Samhain's musical style was a dark, gritty, and experimental combination of punk, gothic rock, and on the last album, heavy metal.
The album was recorded at Reel Platinum studio in Lodi, New Jersey, excluding the introduction which was recorded at Eerie Von's home on a four track cassette.
Rubin and Danzig agreed, however, that the band's sound should be taken in a different direction, and so guitarist Damien was replaced by John Christ.
Sometime in 1987, Danzig decided to change the name of Samhain to match his surname, Danzig, a move that would prevent him from ever again having to start anew, regardless of lineup changes.
When London May was replaced with Chuck Biscuits on drums, Samhain officially ceased to exist, and the first Danzig lineup was complete.
Possibly to avoid potential legal disputes with former guitarist Damien, Danzig had overdubbed/re-recorded all of the original guitar tracks with his own guitar playing.
In interviews Danzig said that co-founder Eerie Von was not asked to participate because he had slandered former members of the band—notwithstanding Von's stand that he wouldn't have taken part in the reunion without Damien.
Samhain would reunite again in October 2011 and 2012 as part of a series of shows called the Danzig Legacy performances.
The lineup remained the same with London May and Steve Zing sharing Bass and Drum duties, and with Tommy Victor playing guitar.
Sometimes Danzig could be seen donning a bizarre horned leather S&M mask, and occasionally he and his bandmates went onstage covered in blood.
It is a member of the mustelid family (commonly referred to as the weasel family), and is in the monospecific genus Pekania.
The fisher is a forest-dwelling creature whose range covers much of the boreal forest in Canada to the northern United States.
Although an agile climber, it spends most of its time on the forest floor, where it prefers to forage around fallen trees.
They nurse and care for their kits until late summer, when they are old enough to set out on their own.
Their pelts were in such demand that they were extirpated from several parts of the United States in the early part of the 20th century.
Conservation and protection measures have allowed the species to rebound, but their current range is still reduced from its historic limits.
Some evidence shows that ancestors of the fisher migrated to North America during the Pliocene era between 2.5 and 5.0 million years ago.
The sexes have similar physical features, but they are sexually dimorphic in size, with the male being much larger than the female.
The color ranges from deep brown to black, although it appears to be much blacker in the winter when contrasted with white snow.
On the hind paws are coarse hairs that grow between the pads and the toes, giving them added traction when walking on slippery surfaces.
Fishers have highly mobile ankle joints that can rotate their hind paws almost 180°, allowing them to maneuver well in trees and climb down head-first.
A circular patch of hair on the central pad of their hind paws marks plantar glands that give off a distinctive odor.
Since these patches become enlarged during breeding season, they are likely used to make a scent trail to allow fishers to find each other so they can mate.
Although their primary prey is snowshoe hares and porcupines, they are also known to supplement their diet with insects, nuts, berries, and mushrooms.
Analyses of stomach contents and scat have found evidence of birds, small mammals, and even deer—the latter two indicating that they are not averse to eating carrion.
While the behavior is not common, fishers have been known to kill larger animals, such as wild turkey, bobcat (although, in most cases, confrontations tend to be dominated by the cat, that frequently prey on them and in fact is one of their main predators) and Canadian lynx.
The McClellan study in The Journal of Wildlife Management documents 14 fisher-caused mortalities of Canadian lynx from 1999 to 2011 in northern Maine, and found that predation was the leading source of mortality of lynx in the study area (18 deaths, 14 by fisher).
Observational studies show that fishers make repeated biting attacks on the face of a porcupine and kill it after about 25–30 minutes.
The female fisher begins to breed at about one year of age and her reproductive cycle is an almost year-long event.
Kits are completely dependent on their mother's milk for the first eight to ten weeks, after which they begin to switch to a solid diet.
After four months, kits become intolerant of their litter mates, and at five months, the mother pushes them out on their own.
This behavior is imposed on females by males due to dominance in size and a male's desire to increase mating success.
Although fishers are competent tree climbers, they spend most of their time on the forest floor and prefer continuous forest to other habitats.
They have been found in extensive conifer forests typical of the boreal forest, but are also common in mixed-hardwood and conifer forests.
Since female fishers require moderately large trees for denning, forests that have been heavily logged and have extensive second growth appear to be unsuitable for their needs.
They can be found as far north as Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories and as far south as the mountains of Oregon.
Isolated populations occur in the Sierra Nevada of California, throughout New England and the Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fishers were virtually eliminated from the southern and eastern parts of their range, including most American states and eastern Canada including Nova Scotia.
A combination of forest regrowth in abandoned farmlands and improved forest management practices increased available habitat and allowed remnant populations to recover.
In 1961, fishers from British Columbia and Minnesota were reintroduced in Oregon to the southern Cascades near Klamath Falls and to the Wallowa Mountains near La Grande.
From 2008 to 2011, about 40 fishers were reintroduced in the northern Sierra Nevada near Stirling City, complementing fisher populations in Yosemite National Park and along California's northern boundary between the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.
In Idaho and California, fishers are protected through a closed trapping season, but they are not afforded any specific protection; however, in California the fisher has been granted threatened status under the Endangered Species Act.
Recent studies, as well as anecdotal evidence, show that fishers have begun making inroads into suburban backyards, farmland, and periurban areas in several US states and eastern Canada, as far south as most of northern Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Minnesota and Iowa, and even rural New Jersey.
Having virtually disappeared after the construction of the Cape Cod Canal in the early 1900s, some reports have shown that populations have become re-established on Cape Cod, although the populations are likely smaller than the populations in the western part of New England.
Fishers have had a long history of contact with humans, but most of it has been to the detriment of fisher populations.
They have been popular with trappers due to the value of their fur, which has been used for scarves and neck pieces.
It is reported that fisher tails were used in the making of spodiks, a form of ceremonial hat worn by Jews of certain Hasidic sects.
Between 1900 and 1940, fishers were threatened with near extinction in the southern part of their range due to overtrapping and alterations to their habitat.
Fishers became extirpated in many northern U.S. states after 1930, but were still abundant enough in Canada to maintain a harvest over 3,000 fishers per year.
Limited protection was afforded in the early 20th century, but total protection was not given to the few remaining fishers until 1934.
Fur farming was popular with other species such as mink and ermine, so the same techniques were thought to be applicable to fishers.
Yet at least one example shows a fisher kept in captivity that lived to be 10 years old, and another living to be about 14 years old, well beyond its natural lifespan of 7 years.
His primary interest was an attempt to measure the activity of fishers to determine how much food the animals required to function.
A 1979 study examined the stomach contents of all fishers trapped in the state of New Hampshire; cat hairs were found in only one of over 1,000 stomachs.
An informal unfinished 2011 study in suburban upstate New York found no cat remains in 24 scat or stomach samples, and an earlier published study found no cat in 226 Massachusetts samples.
In 2012, a study conducted by the Integral Ecology Research Center, UC Davis, U.S. Forest Service, and the Hoopa tribe showed that fishers in California were exposed to and killed by anticoagulant rodenticides associated with marijuana cultivation.
In this study, 79% of fishers that were tested in California were exposed to an average of 1.61 different anticoagulant rodenticides and four fishers died directly attributed to these toxicants.
A 2015 follow-up study building on these data determined that the trend of exposure and mortality from these toxicants increased to 85%, that California fishers were now exposed to an average of 1.73 different anticoagulant rodenticides, and that 9 more fishers died, bringing the total to 13.
The extent of marijuana cultivation within fishers' home ranges was highlighted in a 2013 study focusing on fisher survival and impacts from marijuana cultivation within the Sierra National Forest.
Langford uses the ecology and known habits of the fisher to weave a tale of survival and tolerance in the northern woods of Canada.
He has been the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba since 2012 and has served as premier since 2016.
He was previously a cabinet minister in the provincial government of Gary Filmon and a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 to 2008.
He worked as a high school teacher in rural Manitoba from 1976 to 1979, where he also served as the local union rep, and later became a chartered financial consultant, serving as chair of the Canadian Insurance Agents Advisory Council (Sunlife).
Pallister began his political career at the provincial level, winning a by-election in Portage la Prairie on September 15, 1992 as a candidate of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba.
He was re-elected in the 1995 provincial election, and was sworn into cabinet on May 9, 1995 as Minister of Government Services.
He carried out reforms that eliminated almost 3,000 pages of statutory regulations as part of a government campaign against any type of regulations, presided over changes to the Manitoba Disaster Assistance Board, and oversaw provincial flood claims.
Pallister defeated Paul-Emile Labossiere to win the Progressive Conservative nomination for Portage—Lisgar in the 1997 federal election, and formally resigned his seat in the legislature on April 28, 1997.
There were rumours that Pallister would campaign to succeed Gary Filmon as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in 2000, but he declined.
Pallister campaigned for the leadership of the federal Progressive Conservative Party in 1998, on a platform designed to win back voters who had left the party for Reform.
His supporters included former cabinet ministers Don Mazankowski and Charlie Mayer, Senator Consiglio Di Nino, and Jim Jones, the sole Progressive Conservative representative in the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario.
He finished fourth on the first ballot of the 1998 Progressive Conservative leadership election with 12.5% support, behind David Orchard, Hugh Segal, and the eventual winner, former Prime Minister Joe Clark.
In July 2000, Pallister wrote an open letter to Joe Clark announcing his intent to run in the next federal election with a dual endorsement from the Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance associations in Portage-Lisgar.
The latter party was a successor to Reform, and emerged from the efforts of Reformers to merge with Blue Tory elements in the Progressive Conservative Party who were opposed to Clark's Red Tory leadership.
Clark had previously rejected Pallister's proposal as a violation of the Progressive Conservative Party's constitution, and did not respond to the letter.
He won his new party's nomination for Portage—Lisgar over Dennis Desrochers and former MP Felix Holtmann, in a contest marked by some bitterness.
Pallister was elected to the House of Commons in the 2000 general election, defeating his nearest opponent by over 10,000 votes.
The Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties merged on December 7, 2003, and Pallister became a member of the resulting Conservative Party of Canada.
He initially considered launching a bid for the new party's leadership, but instead endorsed outgoing Alliance leader Stephen Harper for the position.
Pallister gained increased national prominence in September 2005 after drawing attention to $750,000 worth of apparent spending irregularities in the office of David Dingwall, the Chief Executive Officer of the Royal Canadian Mint.
Dingwall resigned after the accusations were made public, but later claimed that his expenditures were inaccurately reported and fell within official guidelines.
An independent review completed in late October 2005 found only minor discrepancies in Dingwall's expenses, amounting to less than $7,000 in total.
The Conservatives won a minority government, and Pallister requested that incoming Prime Minister Stephen Harper not consider him for a cabinet portfolio while he was making his decision about entering provincial politics.
On February 17, 2006, he announced that he would not seek the provincial party leadership and would remain a federal MP.
He was appointed as chair of the House of Commons standing committee on Finance, and in 2007 indicated that he wanted to remove financial access to offshore tax havens such as Barbados.
Later in the year, he was appointed parliamentary secretary to the Minister of International Trade and to the Minister for International Cooperation.
On July 28, 2012, he became the presumptive nominee when the nomination process closed with no other candidates entered, and was acclaimed as leader on July 30, 2012.
On April 14, 2016, a CBC News report revealed that Pallister had traveled to the Central American nation of Costa Rica 15 times since elected to Manitoba MLA in 2012.
He led his party to a decisive victory over the NDP, claiming 40 of the 57 available seats in the legislature – the biggest majority government in Manitoba history.
Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders caused by the absence or malfunctioning of lysosomal enzymes needed to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
These long chains of sugar carbohydrates occur within the cells that help build bone, cartilage, tendons, corneas, skin and connective tissue.
Individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis either do not produce enough of one of the eleven enzymes required to break down these sugar chains into simpler molecules, or they produce enzymes that do not work properly.
The result is permanent, progressive cellular damage which affects appearance, physical abilities, organ and system functioning, and, in most cases, mental development.
The mucopolysaccharidoses are part of the lysosomal storage disease family, a group of more than 40 genetic disorders that result when the lysosome organelle in animal cells malfunctions.
The lysosome can be thought of as the cell's recycling center because it processes unwanted material into other substances that the cell can utilize.
These features may not be apparent at birth but progress as storage of GAGs affects bone, skeletal structure, connective tissues, and organs.
Neurological complications may include damage to neurons (which send and receive signals throughout the body) as well as pain and impaired motor function.
This results from compression of nerves or nerve roots in the spinal cord or in the peripheral nervous system, the part of the nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to sensory organs such as the eyes and to other organs, muscles, and tissues throughout the body.
Depending on the mucopolysaccharidosis subtype, affected individuals may have normal intellect or have cognitive impairments, may experience developmental delay, or may have severe behavioral problems.
Many individuals have hearing loss, either conductive (in which pressure behind the eardrum causes fluid from the lining of the middle ear to build up and eventually congeal), neurosensory (in which tiny hair cells in the inner ear are damaged), or both.
Communicating hydrocephalus—in which the normal reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked and causes increased pressure inside the head—is common in some of the mucopolysaccharidoses.
The eye's cornea often becomes cloudy from intracellular storage, and glaucoma and degeneration of the retina also may affect the patient's vision.
Physical symptoms generally include coarse or rough facial features (including a flat nasal bridge, thick lips, and enlarged mouth and tongue), short stature with disproportionately short trunk (dwarfism), dysplasia (abnormal bone size and/or shape) and other skeletal irregularities, thickened skin, enlarged organs such as liver (hepatomegaly) or spleen (splenomegaly), hernias, and excessive body hair growth.
In this disorder, excessive amounts of fatty materials known as lipids (another principal component of living cells) are stored, in addition to sugars.
Persons with mucolipidosis may share some of the clinical features associated with the mucopolysaccharidoses (certain facial features, bony structure abnormalities, and damage to the brain), and increased amounts of the enzymes needed to break down the lipids are found in the blood.
When both people in a couple have the defective gene, each pregnancy carries with it a one in four chance that the child will be affected.
Unaffected siblings and select relatives of a child with one of the mucopolysaccharidoses may carry the recessive gene and could pass it to their own children.
Enzyme assays (testing a variety of cells or body fluids in culture for enzyme deficiency) are also used to provide definitive diagnosis of one of the mucopolysaccharidoses.
Prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling can verify if a fetus either carries a copy of the defective gene or is affected with the disorder.
Genetic counseling can help parents who have a family history of the mucopolysaccharidoses determine if they are carrying the mutated gene that causes the disorders.
Although each mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) differs clinically, most patients generally experience a period of normal development followed by a decline in physical and/or mental function.
Although no studies have been done to determine the frequency of MPS I in the United States, studies in British Columbia estimate that 1 in 100,000 babies born has Hurler syndrome.
Hunter syndrome has two clinical subtypes and (since it shows X-linked recessive inheritance) is the only one of the mucopolysaccharidoses in which the mother alone can pass the defective gene to a son.
These include progressive dementia, aggressive behavior, hyperactivity, seizures, some deafness and loss of vision, and an inability to sleep for more than a few hours at a time.
Affected children show a marked decline in learning between ages 2 and 6, followed by eventual loss of language skills and loss of some or all hearing.
In the syndrome's second stage, aggressive behavior, hyperactivity, profound dementia, and irregular sleep may make children difficult to manage, particularly those who retain normal physical strength.
In the syndrome's last stage, children become increasingly unsteady on their feet and most are unable to walk by age 10.
Other problems may include narrowing of the airway passage in the throat and enlargement of the tonsils and adenoids, making it difficult to eat or swallow.
There are four distinct types of Sanfilippo syndrome, each caused by alteration of a different enzyme needed to completely break down the heparan sulfate sugar chain.
Little clinical difference exists between these four types but symptoms appear most severe and seem to progress more quickly in children with type A.
Its two subtypes result from the missing or deficient enzymes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) (Type A) or beta-galactosidase (Type B) needed to break down the keratan sulfate sugar chain.
Clinical features are similar in both types but appear milder in Morquio Type B. Onset is between ages 1 and 3.
Neurological complications include spinal nerve and nerve root compression resulting from extreme, progressive skeletal changes, particularly in the ribs and chest; conductive and/or neurosensitive loss of hearing and clouded corneas.
Skeletal abnormalities include a bell-shaped chest, a flattening or curvature of the spine, shortened long bones, and dysplasia of the hips, knees, ankles, and wrists.
The bones that stabilize the connection between the head and neck can be malformed (odontoid hypoplasia); in these cases, a surgical procedure called spinal cervical bone fusion can be lifesaving.
Children with MPS VI, Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, usually have normal intellectual development but share many of the physical symptoms found in Hurler syndrome.
Neurological complications include clouded corneas, deafness, thickening of the dura (the membrane that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord), and pain caused by compressed or traumatized nerves and nerve roots.
An enzyme replacement therapy was tested on patients with MPS VI and was successful in that it improved growth and joint movement.
An experiment was then carried out to see whether an injection of the missing enzyme into the hips would help the range of motion and pain.
MPS VII, Sly syndrome, one of the least common forms of the mucopolysaccharidoses, is estimated to occur in fewer than one in 250,000 births.
In its rarest form, Sly syndrome causes children to be born with hydrops fetalis, in which extreme amounts of fluid are retained in the body.
Neurological symptoms may include mild to moderate intellectual disability by age 3, communicating hydrocephalus, nerve entrapment, corneal clouding, and some loss of peripheral and night vision.
Symptoms included nodular soft-tissue masses located around joints, with episodes of painful swelling of the masses and pain that ended spontaneously within 3 days.
Other traits included mild facial changes, acquired short stature as seen in other MPS disorders, and normal joint movement and intelligence.
Changes to the diet will not prevent disease progression, but limiting milk, sugar, and dairy products has helped some individuals experiencing excessive mucus.
Surgery can also correct hernias, help drain excessive cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, and free nerves and nerve roots compressed by skeletal and other abnormalities.
In July 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a synthetic version of I2S produced by Shire Pharmaceuticals Group, called Elaprase, as a treatment for MPS type II (Hunter syndrome).
The infloresences, erect at first but later pendulous, appear between the leaf stems, although as a result of leaf-fall they may appear to have arisen from below the leaves.
Average maximum temperatures range between 17 °C and 20 °C in winter and from 24 °C to 27 °C in the summer.
They are widely grown in warm temperate climates, and there are also occasional healthy specimens in tropical areas such as Hawaii.
With an area of 2.35 km², it is the largest island in North District, the second largest being Wong Wan Chau (Double Island).
Part of the temple building was used for the Tat O School until the school was moved to a new location in 1957.
The Kat O Nature Trail spans 1 km long, stretching from the Kat O Ferry Pier to Ko Tei Teng ().
142 Kat O Main Street) was opened in 2010 by Kat O villagers, volunteer groups and the government to raise public awareness of geo-conservation, as part of the Hong Kong Geopark.
It seeks to strengthen the public's rights under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and related laws and opposes attempts to weaken them.
The Campaign also provides advice to the public, assistance to people challenging unreasonable refusals to disclose information and runs training courses on freedom of information.
The Campaign is a not-for-profit company, unaffiliated to any political party, (registration number 1781526) governed by a board of non-executive directors.
The Campaign was founded in 1984 by citizen campaigner Des Wilson to secure a freedom of information law in the UK.
The organisation was officially launched on 5 January 1984 with the support of the 3 main opposition party leaders of the time and 150 MPs from all parties.
The Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, opposed FOI in principle saying that a legal power to force ministers to disclose information would weaken ministers’ accountability to Parliament.
They worked to keep FOI on the political agenda until the climate became more favourable, while seeking to introduce specific rights to information through private members’ bills.
The Campaign also drafted a bill to reform section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911, a catch-all provision which made the unauthorised disclosure of any official information a criminal offence.
The Protection of Official Information Bill, introduced by Richard Shepherd MP in 1988, would have replaced section 2 with a narrower measure that included a public interest defence.
The bill was defeated after the government imposed an unprecedented three-line whip on its own MPs at second reading requiring them to vote it down.
Mrs Thatcher's Conservative government later introduced the Official Secrets Act 1989, which repealed section 2 of the 1911 Act, but rejected all efforts to insert a public interest defence.
In February 1993, another of the Campaign's private members' bills for a full FOI Act, the Right to Know Bill, was introduced by Mark Fisher (politician) MP and debated for a total of 21 hours in the Commons.
With the whistleblowing charity Public Concern at Work the Campaign drafted the Whistleblower Protection Bill, introduced as a ten-minute rule bill by Tony Wright MP early in 1995.
Shortly after the Labour Party won the 1997 general election, Richard Shepherd MP drew a high place in the private members’ ballot and introduced the Public Interest Disclosure Bill, which received Royal Assent in July 1998.
Following Labour's election in 1997, the Campaign's chairman James Cornford was appointed a special adviser by David Clark, the cabinet minister responsible for drawing up the government's FOI proposals.
But after a well-received white paper, Your Right to Know (CM 3818), Clark was relieved of this role and responsibility for FOI was moved to the Home Office under Jack Straw MP.
These started in 2006 when the government published draft regulations to make it easier for public authorities to refuse FOI requests on cost grounds.
The Campaign has opposed all these so far unsuccessful initiatives - though in 2010 a measure giving the Royal Family greater protection from FOI was passed.
The Campaign provides advice to the public about their rights to information and has published a short guide to the Freedom of Information Act and related laws.
It assists individuals who have been refused information to complain to the Information Commissioner or appeal against Information Commissioner decisions to the Information Rights Tribunal.
It has been instrumental in a number of successful Tribunal appeals involving the police's failure to provide information to a murder victim's family, relatives denied information about a hospital death, toxic land contamination, the withholding of an MP's policy correspondence on the spurious grounds that disclosure would breach his privacy, and in overturning a decision that would have introduced an entirely new layer of secrecy about Ombudsman inquiries.
It has assisted a requester bring a judicial review of a ministerial veto blocking the release of a report on the HS2 rail link.
In January 2015 the Campaign celebrated its 30th anniversary with an event hosted by ARTICLE 19 at the Free Word Centre at which Ian Hislop and Des Wilson spoke.
It marked the occasion by selling special edition T-shirts featuring Tony Blair (who has described the introduction of FOI as one of his biggest mistakes) in a cartoon designed for it by political cartoonist Steve Bell.
He attended high school at The Pennington School and received a graduate degree in playwrighting from Mason Gross School of the Arts, a part of Rutgers University.
He was born in Esquesing Township (today part of Halton Hills, Ontario), the third child of Northern Irish immigrants Robert Murray Stevens and Anna Bailey McKnight.
From 1963 to 1967 Stevens, was embroiled in an attempt to form the first new Canadian chartered bank in 50 years, Westbank.
Westerners saw it as yet another eastern-controlled firm, Conservatives were put off by the association with Coyne, and the feathers of the establishment banks were ruffled.
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 federal election as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament, defeating Liberal incumbent cabinet minister John Roberts in the riding of York-Simcoe.
At the time, he had only three years parliamentary experience, but five of the other candidates had also entered parliament in 1972.
That was seen as a surprising move, since Stevens was considered right-wing, and Clark was a moderate on the party's left wing.
Stevens had been the top official campaign spender (at $294,107), but Mulroney, who did not provide figures, is widely thought to have exceeded that amount.
Stevens turned against Clark, and was an early supporter of Mulroney's leadership bid which culminated in victory at the 1983 Progressive Conservative leadership convention.
In December 1987, a special commission of inquiry, headed by Justice William Dickens Parker, ruled Stevens had violated conflict-of-interest allegations on fourteen counts.
David Scott, brother of Ian Scott, as well as Marlys Edwardh were prominent lawyers involved in the commission, which cost more than $2.9 million.
Edwardh had studied search and seizure, and the Parker commission was one of the first to make extensive use of subpoena.
Stevens won the party nomination in his riding once again, but Prime Minister Mulroney refused to sign Stevens's nomination papers, forcing the riding association to nominate another candidate.
The court ruled that Parker's definition of conflict of interest exceeded that of the guidelines governing ministers in the Mulroney Cabinet and that the step exceeded Parker's mandate.
In voiding the definition of conflict of interest, the judge found that Stevens's behaviour did not violate the guidelines that governed him since no valid guidelines had existed.
Stevens returned to prominence as a bitter opponent of the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives into the Conservative Party of Canada.
In 2007, after Tracy Parsons's resignation as leader of the Progressive Canadian Party, Stevens became that party's interim leader and remained in that position until his death, nine years later.
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are an epithelial cell line derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, often used in biological and medical research and commercially in the production of therapeutic proteins.
In 1957, Theodore T. Puck obtained a female Chinese hamster from Dr. George Yerganian's laboratory at the Boston Cancer Research Foundation and used it to derive the original Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line.
Since then, CHO cells have been a cell line of choice because of their rapid growth in suspension culture and high protein production.
Having a very low chromosome number (2n=22) for a mammal, the Chinese hamster is also a good model for radiation cytogenetics and tissue culture.
Also, CHO cells do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which makes them ideal in the investigation of various EGFR mutations.
Since the original CHO cell line was described in 1956, many variants of the cell line have been developed for various purposes.
In 1957, CHO-K1 was generated from a single clone of CHO cells, CHO-K1 was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate to generate a cell line lacking dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity, referred to as CHO-DXB11 (also referred to as CHO-DUKX).
Subsequently, CHO cells were mutagenized with gamma radiation to yield a cell line in which both alleles of the DHFR locus were completely eliminated, termed CHO-DG44 These DHFR-deficient strains require glycine, hypoxanthine, and thymidine for growth.
This genetic selection scheme remains one of the standard methods to establish transfected CHO cell lines for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
The plasmid DNA carrying the two genes is then transfected into cells, and the cells are grown under selective conditions in a thymidine-lacking medium.
To obtain a few stably transfected cell lines with the desired phenotypic characteristics, evaluating several hundred candidate cell lines may be necessary.
The CHO and CHO-K1 cell lines can be obtained from a number of biological resource centres such as the European Collection of Cell Cultures, which is part of the Health Protection Agency Culture Collections.
CHO cells are also suitable for human applications, as they allow post-translational modifications to recombinant proteins which can function in humans.
Banaba Island (; also Ocean Island), an island of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean, and as a solitary raised coral island west of the Gilbert Island chain, it is the Westernmost of Kiribati, that is east of Nauru.
It has an area of 6.0 km, and the highest point on the island is also the highest point in Kiribati, at 81 metres (266 ft) high.
Prior to the relocation of its inhabitants at the end of World War II, there were four villages on the island - Ooma (Uma), Tabiang, Tapiwa (Tabwewa), and Buakonikai.
A three-year drought starting in 1873 killed over three quarters of the population and wiped out almost all the trees; many of those who survived left the island on passing ships to escape the drought, and only some were able to return, often years later.
The Pacific Islands Company, under John T. Arundel, identified that the petrified guano on Banaba consisted of high grade phosphate rock.
The terms of the licenses were changed to provide for the payment of royalties and compensation for mining damage, amounting to less than 0.1% of the profits the PIC made during its first 13 years.
In 1919 the governments of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand took over the operations of the Pacific Phosphate Company.
The phosphate rock-mining (for fertiliser), which was carried out from 1900 to 1979, stripped away 90% of the island's surface, the same process which occurred on Nauru from 1907 to the 1980s.
The British authorities relocated most of the population to Rabi Island, Fiji after 1945, with subsequent waves of emigration in 1977 and 1981-1983.
In the 1970s the Banabans sued in the Court of England and Wales claiming that the UK Crown owed a fiduciary duty to the islanders when fixing the royalty payments and the difference in proper rates should be paid.
The woodland of Banaba is now limited to the coastal area and is made up mostly of mangoes, flame trees, guavas, tapioca and common Kiribati shrubs such as the saltbush.
Despite being part of Kiribati, its municipal administration is by the Rabi Council of Leaders and Elders, which is based on Rabi Island, in Fiji.
On 19 December 2005, Teitirake Corrie, the Rabi Island Council's representative to the Parliament of Kiribati, said that the Rabi Council was considering giving the right to remine Banaba Island to the government of Fiji.
This followed the disappointment of the Rabi Islanders at the refusal of the Kiribati Parliament to grant a portion of the A$614 million trust fund from phosphate proceeds to elderly Rabi islanders.
On 23 December, Reteta Rimon, Kiribati's High Commissioner to Fiji, clarified that Rabi Islanders were, in fact, entitled to Kiribati government benefits—but only if they returned to Kiribati.
Kiribati was using Banaban phosphate money for its own enrichment, he said; of the five thousand Banabans in Fiji, there were fewer than one hundred aged seventy or more who would be claiming pensions.
The stated wish of the Kiribati government to reopen mining on Banaba is strongly opposed by many in the Banaban diaspora.
One reason given for the maintenance of a community on Banaba, at a monthly cost of F$12,000, is that if the island were to become uninhabited, the Kiribati government might take over the administration of the island, and integrate it with the rest of the country.
On the death of Charles the Fat in 888, he styled himself King of Aquitaine and did so until 889 or his death, after which the title fell into abeyance.
Ranulf may have been selected as a king by the Aquitainian nobles, for they accepted King Odo of France in 892 only after Ranulf's death.
He is recorded to have taken custody of Charles, the young son of Louis the Stammerer and he certainly did not recognise Odo as king.
Quo audito, Ramnulfus, dux maximae partis Aquitaniae, cum sibi faventibus venit ad eum, adducens secum Karolum puerum, filium Hludowici regis; et iuravit illi quae digna fuerunt, simul et de ipso puerulo.
Upon hearing this, Ranulf, duke of the greater part of Aquitaine, with his supporters came to him, bringing with him the child, Charles, the son of King Louis; and he swore to him who was worthy of it [i.e., Odo], as did the boy.
Ranulf founded the viscountcy of Thouars at about this time, as part of a larger movement to create viscounts with powers over regional fortresses to man them against the Vikings.
Ebalus or Ebles Manzer or Manser (c. 870 – 935) was Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine on two occasions: from 890 to 892; and then from 902 until his death in 935 (Poitou) and from 928 until 932 (Aquitaine).
Upon the death of his father (who was poisoned), Ebles assumed his father’s mantle and acquired the role of Count of Poitou.
Aymar, a descendant of one of Ramnulf II’s predecessors, challenged Ebles right to rule, as Ebles was merely a bastard son.
In 892, Aymar, who was supported by Eudes of France, overthrew Ebles, and Ebles fled to the safety of his father’s allies, Count Gerald of Aurillac and William the Pious, count of Avergne and Duke of Aquitaine.
In 902, Ebles, with the assistance of William the Pious, a distant relative, conquered Poitiers while Aymar was away, and reestablished himself in his former position.
He restructured Poitou by creating new viscounties in Aulnay and Melle and dissolved the title and position of Viscount of Poitou upon the death of its holder, Maingaud, in 925.
In 911 he, with two other French commanders were aligned in opposition to Rollo, a Norwegian invader who had plundered the countryside.
A panic assuredly fell upon the heroic commander, a species of mental infirmity discernible in his descendants: the contagious terror unnerved the host.
To redeem his honor and quiet the ridicule, Ebles accepted a challenge to confront the remnant of the Danish army that remained camped on the Mont-Levis.
In 927, William the Younger died, and he left his title to his brother Acfred; but Acfred did not live even a year.
He withdrew from him access to Berry, then in 932 he transferred the titles of Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne to the Count of Toulouse, Raymond Pons.
Moreover, the territory of La Marche, which was under the control of the lord of Charroux, vassal of Ebles, was transformed into an independent county.
Coogan's Run was a 1995 UK TV series featuring Steve Coogan as a series of odd characters living in the fictional town of Ottle.
It was written by various people including Coogan, Patrick Marber, David Tyler, Graham Linehan, Arthur Mathews, Geoffrey Perkins and Henry Normal.
The series consists of six self-contained stories, although Coogan's characters from the other episodes in the series make occasional cameo appearances.
Paul gets into trouble with three criminal brothers after witnessing a bank robbery and being forced to identify them in court.
With similarities to Coogan's most famous creation, Alan Partridge, Gareth attempts to socialise and make a big sale during a sales conference while constantly checking to see if his car is safe.
Ernest Moss (Coogan), a general repairman, attempts to stop a large new property development in his home village while making repairs to his fellow villagers' homes.
The manager of his club, Clement (Graham Fellows), thinks Clint is real and gets his nephew to photograph him in a compromising position with Mike's girlfriend, Debs.
When the brothers lost a children's quiz show in 1975, they burned down the studio, killing their parents and one of the sisters from the opposing team.
20 years later, the brothers kidnap their therapist and the surviving sister, Cathy (Rebecca Front), and make them re-enact the quiz on the roof of a car park with the now-transsexual quiz host, Jeremy (Angela) Monkhead.
The Curator: Tim Fleck (Coogan), the curator of a very dull museum, is disgusted to find that his museum is being taken over to build a steak house upon his mother's death.
William I (22 March 875 – 6 July 918), called the Pious, was the Count of Auvergne from 886 and Duke of Aquitaine from 893, succeeding the Poitevin ruler Ebalus Manser.
This was especially striking since most monasteries were privately owned and the appointment of abbots and officials was left to that family or individual, leading to the appointment of untrained and unordained abbots and officials.
He had no sons of his own and was succeeded by a nephew, William the Younger, son of his sister Adelinda.
William II the Young (died 12 December 926) was the Count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitaine from 918 to his death, succeeding his uncle William I.
Immediately after succeeding his uncle, he made war on the Burgundians and Normans, who refused to accept Rudolph as king of France.
He later revolted and Rudolph led an army into Aquitaine, but was called back to defend the Rhine from the Magyars.
In 924 the duke Raoul of Burgundy came up to the Loire river and William was forced to make his submission to him.
Upon which Raoul, relieved that such a powerful vassal accepted his suzerainty, gave him back the counties of Berry and Macon and the town of Bourges.
Acfred (died 927) was briefly Count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitaine between 926 and his death, succeeding his brother William II.
Acfred possessed very little land in Auvergne, most of it having been transformed into allods of the leading men long before.
Based on surviving charters, he did not control the Lyonnais or the Velay, though he held some property in the latter.
When Acfred drew up a will in 927, he granted away all that remained of the comital fisc to his retainers.
Though Adhemar of Chabannes called Ebalus Manzer his successor, no contemporary documents evidence Ebalus in Auvergne, though he certainly had a claim to it.
Between 940 and 941, Raymond Pons of Toulouse controlled the region, and, in 955, William III of Aquitaine invaded and held it.
He claimed the Duchy of Aquitaine from his father's death, but the royal chancery did not recognise his ducal title until the year before his own death.
Shortly after the death of King Rudolph in 936, he was constrained to forfeit some land to Hugh the Great by Louis IV.
After the death of Hugh, his son Hugh Capet was named duke of Aquitaine, but he never tried to take up his fief, as William reconciled with Lothair.
His father was duke Ebles Manzer, who already was a man in his middle years when he was born in about 913.
But her parentage is not reliably documented of their era and is regarded only as a good possibility by usual modern genealogical literature.
He opened the palace of Poitiers to him and treated him as royalty, regarding him as the true heir to the French throne.
Their marriage was stormy, in part because of William's indulgence in the pursuit of women and, as a hunting aficionado, wild animals.
She banished his paramours, they separated twice for long periods, and finally he retired to a monastery, as his father had done, leaving Emma to rule Aquitaine in the name of their son William until 1004.
William the Great (; 969 – 31 January 1030) was duke of Aquitaine (as ) and count of Poitou (as or III) from 990 until his death.
Upon the death of the emperor Henry II, he was offered the kingdom of Italy but declined to contest the title against Conrad II.
He was the son and successor of William IV by his wife Emma of Blois, daughter of Theobald I of Blois.
He was a friend to Bishop Fulbert of Chartres, who found in him another Maecenas, and founded a cathedral school at Poitiers.
He himself was very well educated, a collector of books, and turned the prosperous court of Aquitaine into the learning centre of Southern France.
He had to give up Confolens, Ruffec, and Chabanais to compensate William II of Angoulême, but Fulbert negotiated a treaty (1020) outlining the reciprocal obligations of vassal and suzerain.
His piety and culture brought peace to his vast territories, and he tried to stem the tide of feudal warfare then destroying the unity of many European nations by supporting the current Peace and Truce of God movements initiated by Pope and Church.
His court was of an international flavour, receiving ambassadors from the Emperor Henry II, Alfonso V of León, Canute the Great, and even his suzerain, Robert of France.
Upon the death of Henry II without an obvious heir, some of the nobles of the kingdom of Italy looked for a separate candidate to elect rather than maintain their union with Germany by accepting its election of Conrad II.
An embassy led by Ulric Manfred, the marquis of Susa, came to France in 1024 and remained for a year, attempting to interest Robert's son Hugh Magnus and then (after Robert's refusal to permit this) William, whose character and court impressed many.
William considered the proposal seriously but, upon visiting Italy himself, he found the political situation so unfavorable that he renounced the crown for himself and his heirs.
His reign ended in peace and he died on the last (or second to last) day of January 1030 at Maillezais, which he founded and where he is buried.
His second wife was Sancha of Gascony (or Brisa/Prisca), daughter of Duke William II Sánchez of Gascony and sister of Duke Sancho VI William.
William VI (1004 – March 1038), called the Fat, was Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou (as William IV) between 1030 and his death.
Throughout his reign, he had to face the hostility of his stepmother, Agnes of Burgundy, the third wife of his father, who had remarried to Geoffrey Martel, then count of Vendôme.
He reformed the administration of Poitiers by naming a provost and died there, being buried at Maillezais, being succeeded by his half-brother Odo.
He was a member of the House of Poitiers, the second son of William V of Aquitaine, the eldest by his second wife Brisca, daughter of William II of Gascony.
He was subscribing donation charters to Saint-Cyprien with his father and mother and his brother Theobald, who died young, before 1018.
William VIII was one of the leaders of the allied army called to help Ramiro I of Aragon in the Siege of Barbastro (1064).
This expedition was the first campaign organized by the papacy, namely Pope Alexander II, against a Muslim occupied city in the Emirate of Zaragoza, and the precursor of the later Crusades movement.
During William VIII's rule, the alliance with the southern kingdoms of modern Spain was a political priority as shown by the marriage of all his daughters to Iberian kings.
After he divorced his first two wives, the first due to infertility, he married a third time to a much younger woman who was also his cousin Robert I of Burgundy's daughter.
This marriage produced a son, but William VIII had to visit Rome in the early 1070s to persuade the pope to recognize his children from his third marriage as legitimate.
The island is one of two that lie in the entrance to the river at Shantou and is the inner one, then called Masu.
Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour—a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language—whose work survived.
His birth was a cause of great celebration at the Aquitanian court, but the Church at first considered him illegitimate because of his father's earlier divorces and his parents' consanguinity.
This obliged his father to make a pilgrimage to Rome soon after his birth to seek Papal approval of his third marriage and the young William's legitimacy.
It has been generally believed that he was first married in 1088, at age sixteen, to Ermengarde, daughter of Fulk IV of Anjou.
However, Ruth Harvey's 1993 critical investigation shows the assumption of William's marriage to Ermengarde to be based largely on an error in a nineteenth-century secondary source and it is highly likely that Philippa of Toulouse was William's only wife.
Tyre erroneously identifies Ermengarde's mother as Bertrade of Montfort, the sister of Amalricus de Montfort when her mother was in fact Audearde or Hildegarde of Beaugency.
It is therefore not only improbable that William married Ermengarde, it is likely that Ermengarde - at least as a wife of William - never existed.
His second son, Raymond, eventually became the Prince of Antioch in the Holy Land, and his daughter Agnes married firstly Aimery V of Thouars and then Ramiro II of Aragon, reestablishing dynastic ties with that ruling house.
the First Crusade) and leave for the Holy Land, but William was perhaps more interested in exploiting the absence on Crusade of Raymond IV of Toulouse, his wife's uncle, to press her claim to Toulouse; on a more practical level, he also had no heir at that time.
The Duchess was an admirer of Robert of Arbrissel, and persuaded William to grant him land in northern Poitou to establish a religious community dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
This became Fontevraud Abbey, which would enjoy the patronage of their granddaughter Eleanor and would remain important until its dissolution during the French Revolution.
Likely motivated by many factors, religious as well as secular, William joined the Crusade of 1101, an expedition inspired by the success of the First Crusade in 1099.
In September 1101, his entire army was destroyed by the Seljuk Turks led by Kilij Arslan I at Heraclea; William himself barely escaped, and, according to Orderic Vitalis, he reached Antioch with only six surviving companions.
As the bishop was at the point of pronouncing the anathema, the duke threatened him with a sword, swearing to kill him if he did not pronounce absolution.
Bishop Peter, surprised, pretended to comply, but when the duke, satisfied, released him, the bishop completed reading the anathema, before calmly presenting his neck and inviting the duke to strike.
Relations between the Duke and his elder son William also became strained—although it is unlikely that he ever embarked upon a seven-year revolt in order to avenge his mother's mistreatment, as Ralph of Diceto claimed, only to be captured by his father.
Ralph claimed that the revolt began in 1113; but at that time, the young William was only thirteen and his father's liaison with Dangerose had not yet begun.
Father and son improved their relationship after the marriage of the younger William to Aenor of Châtellerault, Dangerose's daughter by her husband, Aimery I de Rochefoucauld, Viscount of Châtellerault, in 1121.
William was readmitted to the Church around 1120, after making concessions to it that may have included participating in the Reconquista efforts underway in Spain.
During his sojourn in Spain, William was given a rock crystal vase by a Muslim ally that he later bequeathed to his granddaughter Eleanor.
In 1122, William lost control of Toulouse, Philippa's dower land, to Alfonso Jordan, the son and heir of Raymond IV, who had taken Toulouse after the death of William IV.
William's greatest legacy to history was not as a warrior but as a troubadour—a lyric poet employing the Romance vernacular language called Provençal or Occitan.
It is possible, however, that at least in part it is not based on facts, but on literal interpretation of his songs, written in first person; in Song 5, for example, he describes how he deceived two women.
He is among the first Romance vernacular poets of the Middle Ages, one of the founders of a tradition that would culminate in Dante, Petrarch, and François Villon.
He also added to the palace of the counts of Poitou (which had stood since the Merovingian era), later added to by his granddaughter Eleanor of Aquitaine and surviving in Poitiers as the Palace of Justice to this day.
Then the Poitevin duke many times related, with rhythmic verses and witty measures, the miseries of his captivity, before kings, magnates, and Christian assemblies.
Hei Ling Chau (), formerly Hayling Chau, is an island of Hong Kong, located east of Silver Mine Bay and Chi Ma Wan of Lantau Island.
It was settled at the end of the 19th century, and by 1951, there were 10 families numbering about 100 people on the island.
It was designated as a leper colony in 1950 and the islanders were relocated to Tai Pak, Shap Long and Cheung Chau.
The Hei Ling Chau Addiction Treatment Centre occupies the north-western part of the island and students often get a chance to visit the island by joining preventive drug education programmes.
The Lai Sun Correctional Institution is the first Vocational Training Centre operated by the Correctional Services Department which aims to train inmates to develop useful and market-oriented vocational skills before re-integrated into society.
In 2006 CLP explored the possibility of constructing a second commercial wind turbine installation on Hei Ling Chau Island in order to promote the use of renewable energy in Hong Kong.
They live in soil or objects lying on the forest floor, the first live specimen discovered hiding under a mass of dead leaves and soil in a drain beside woodland.
The ferry service from Peng Chau, operated by Hong Kong & Kowloon Ferry, continues on to Hei Ling Chau for some sailings, however a permit is required to disembark.
William X (Guillém X in Occitan) (1099 – 9 April 1137), called the Saint, was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou (as William VIII) from 1126 to 1137.
Later that same year, much to Philippa's ire, Duke William IX mortgaged Toulouse to Philippa's cousin, Bertrand of Toulouse, and then left on Crusade.
When Duke William IX returned from his unsuccessful crusade, he took up with Dangerose, the wife of a vassal, and set aside his rightful wife, Philippa.
This caused strain between father and son, until 1121 when William X married Aenor de Châtellerault, a daughter of his father's mistress Dangerose by her first husband, Aimery.
For a long time it was thought that he had another natural son called Joscelin and some biographies still erroneously state this fact, but Joscelin has been shown to be the brother of Adeliza of Louvain.
The attribution of Joscelin as a son of William X has been caused by a mistaken reading of the Pipe Rolls pertaining to the reign of Henry II, where 'brother of the queen' has been taken as Queen Eleanor, when the queen in question is actually Adeliza of Louvain.
He became involved in conflicts with Normandy (which he raided in 1136, in alliance with Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou who claimed it in his wife's name) and for France.
Even inside his borders, William faced an alliance of the Lusignans and the Parthenays against him, an issue resolved with total destruction of the enemies.
In international politics, William X initially supported antipope Anacletus II in the papal schism of 1130, opposite to Pope Innocent II, against the will of his own bishops.
On his deathbed, he expressed his wish to see king Louis VI of France as protector of his fifteen-year-old daughter Eleanor, and to find her a suitable husband.
He grew up and was educated there and graduated from the University of British Columbia Faculty of Law in Spring 1954.
In 1979, Fraser became Minister of the Environment in the short-lived government of Joe Clark, returning to the Opposition benches in 1980.
He returned to the Cabinet in the wake of Brian Mulroney's landslide victory in the 1984 federal election, and became Minister of Fisheries and Oceans.
In 1986, he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, the first to be elected by fellow Members of Parliament, and served in that capacity until his retirement in 1993.
In 2002, he was the recipient of the Vimy Award, which recognizes a Canadian who has made a significant and outstanding contribution to the defence and security of our nation and the preservation of our democratic values.
To the east is Kung Chau, to the south is the South Channel, to the west is Wan Tsai and to the southwest is Long Harbour.
A tablet in the Tin Hau Temple on the island states Tap Mun, as part of Mirs Bay, was registered under the administration of the Dongguan County by the Tsui and Yip clans before 1573 and that they thus held the subsoil () rights as taxpayer under the Customary Land Law.
By the late 17th century, Tanka fisherman began to use the anchorage and built the temple, the topsoil () rights being granted to them in perpetuity by the subsoil title holders.
Over time, the first topsoil holder's interest in the land will have passed to an ancestral trust of his family so that by the time of British colonial rule, the effective title holders in the topsoil will have been a trust of the villagers as a whole.
The British refused to recognise all subsoil rights (their taxpaying status to the Imperial government being at odds with British sovereignty and its Crown land concept), leaving the only effective right in the land in the hands of the tenant topsoil rights holders, i.e.
By the 1960s, the Tankas were living in wretched conditions on the island and, in response to their need, a charity from New Zealand funded the erection of a New Village to house them.
The hilltop of Tap Mun is a popular camping site, renowned for the contrast in temperature and wind conditions between day and night.
Temperatures drop and winds soar during the nighttime but die down as the day approaches, when the dawn marks the beginning of a temperature rise.
It is also well known for providing panoramic views of the surrounding seas, and so provides a brief escape away from busy city life.
The very gentle slopes of the hilltops are a favourite amongst campers, although there is the danger of the bordering cliffs.
The temple complex at Tap Mun comprises three temples in two buildings: the first building is a Tin Hau Temple, built in 1737, to which an annex was later added, housing a Kwan Tai Temple.
To its south, Shui Yuet Kung (), built in 1788, is dedicated to Kwun Yam (Guan Yin) and the Earth God.
On festival days, such as Kwun Yam's birthday, on the 19th day of the second lunar month, many fishermen arrive at Tap Mun to pray for peace and calm.
The temple at Grass Island is one of the two Tin Hau Temples in Hong Kong that have such a marine parade: the other one is the Tin Hau Temple on Leung Shuen Wan]] (High Island).
There is one seafood restaurant and a number of small tea restaurants on the Grass Island, many of which are known for 'ice-less' ice-cold milk tea and boiled squid dishes.
Joseph Pierre Albert Sévigny, PC, OC, CD, VM, ED (September 12, 1917 – March 20, 2004) was a Canadian soldier, author, politician, and academic.
Born in Quebec City, Quebec, the son of Albert Sévigny, the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada in 1916, he graduated from Université Laval and Columbia University.
He briefly attempted to pursue a career in acting, even being given a screen test by MGM in 1935, but instead returned to Canada to work in real estate, construction and in the import-export business.
Along with his Polish comrades of the 1st Polish Armoured Division, he denied access to Panzer divisions trying to break out of the Falaise pocket in August 1944.
He was elected to the House of Commons in the 1958 election, representing the electoral district of Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher, and served as Associate Defence Minister in the Progressive Conservative government of John Diefenbaker.
And it was to prepare for the celebration of our One Hundredth Birthday that my government set in motion the plans necessary to co-ordinate activities at every level across this country to make possible the grand and appropriate Centennial Celebrations of 1967.
Marc Drouin was a man of ability who had an understanding of Canada as a whole, and I appointed him to the senate, where he served as Government Leader.
During a routine investigation into a passport request from one Gerda Munsinger in 1960 using Pierre Sevigny and George Hees as references, it was discovered that her maiden name was Heseler and that she had been denied an immigration visa to visit Canada in 1952.
His answer to the Prime Minister was that if all Members of Parliament were expelled for having an affair, they would be hard-pressed to form a government.
It described Gerda as being a prostitute and alleged spy and had remained under wraps for 17 months in Lester B. Pearson's office.
The inquiry chastised Sévigny for his behavior and criticized Diefenbaker for leniency towards his Ministers, but absolved Sévigny of any guilt relating to any breach of security.
In 1978, Sévigny and Camil Samson founded the short-lived political party Les Démocrates in Quebec which became the Parti démocrate créditiste before dissolving after Samson left to join the Quebec Liberals and the party, led now by Sévigny, was unable to field a slate of 10 candidates and dissolved prior to the 1981 Quebec election.
Jeannette Dubois (born August 5, 1938 or 1945) , known professionally as Ja'Net DuBois, Ja'net DuBois, and Ja'Net Du Bois (), is an American actress, singer–songwriter and dancer.
Born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City or in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (sources differ), the daughter of Lillian Dubois, DuBois was raised in Amityville, New York, on Long Island.
During the 1980s, DuBois operated the Ja'net DuBois Academy of Theater Arts and Sciences, a performing-arts school for teenagers in Long Island, New York.
DuBois has had at least two children: Rani Dubois, and Raj Kristo Gupta, who died of cancer in 1987 at age 36.
Ap Lei Chau or Aberdeen Island is an island of Hong Kong, located off Hong Kong Island next to Aberdeen Harbour and Aberdeen Channel.
Before the First Opium War, Ap Lei Chau was a small fishing village, with its harbour forming an excellent natural typhoon shelter.
This is the probable origin of the name for Hong Kong, although the town eventually took the name of its island.
In 1968, Hongkong Electric opened a power station on Ap Lei Chau to provide electricity for the whole of Hong Kong Island.
In 1980 and 1994, a bridge was constructed to connect the island to the Hong Kong Island, and this created momentum for rapid economic development.
It comprises four main residential estates — Lei Tung Estate, Ap Lei Chau Main Street, South Horizons and Ap Lei Chau Estate, each of which comprises several highrise towers.
The population of Ap Lei Chau is 86,782 , and its area is , giving it a population density of 66,755 people / km², and making it the second most densely populated island in the world.
Ap Lei Chau also lends its name to the Ap Lei Chau geologic formation, which covers most of Hong Kong Island.
Dating back to 1773, it is the oldest temple in the Aberdeen and Ap Lei Chau areas and is a declared monument.
Dedicated to Guan Yin, it was built at the end of the 19th century and is a Grade III historic building.
Clearly chosen for its feng shui, the superior dragons were seen as being protection from the 'threat of the tiger's jaw' from the police station.
The MTR South Island Line opened on December 28, 2016 links Admiralty of Hong Kong Island to Ap Lei Chau by Aberdeen Channel Bridge.
There are two stations on the island: Lei Tung (for Lei Tung Estate and Ap Lei Chau Main Street) and South Horizons (for South Horizons, Ap Lei Chau Estate and Ap Lei Chau Industrial Estate) serving the development of the same name.
It was founded in 1898 by Irish writer and suffragette, Frances Power Cobbe, as the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection.
In 2012, the BUAV joined with the New England Anti-Vivisection Society to establish a new international organisation to campaign against the testing of cosmetics on animals—Cruelty Free International.
Tentative discussion toward amalgamation with the National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS), including during the early 1960s under the contemporary NAVS Committee Secretary, Wilfred Risdon, could not be successfully concluded.
The BUAV was also closely involved in the lobbying which led to the adoption in the European Union of the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, which effectively banned both the testing of cosmetics products and their ingredients on animals and also the sale of products in the EU which have been animal-tested anywhere in the world.
In recent years, the organisation has focused on a number of new areas, including the promotion of non-animal tested products; the European Union's REACH proposal to test tens of thousands of chemicals on millions of animals; and the use of non-human primates in experimentation.
It acts as the secretariat of the European Coalition to End Animal Experiments (ECEAE), established in 1990, and its chief executive, Michelle Thew, acts as chief executive of the coalition.
It helps consumers to identify and purchase products that have not been tested on animals through its Humane Cosmetics and Humane Household Products Standards (HCS and HHPS).
These are audited accreditation schemes for retail companies which confirm that neither their products nor their ingredients are tested on animals.
Undercover investigations included the exposure of the breeding and supply of monkeys from Nafovanny in Vietnam for experimentation in Europe and the US.
The High Court ruled in support of the Government in three of the four issues, and in favour of the BUAV on one issue, though this was later overturned on appeal with the Home Office awarded costs.
Tai A Chau () is an uninhabited island of Hong Kong, part of the Soko Islands group, located south of Lantau Island.
It is located 4.5 km to the south of Lantau Island and about 2 km north of the boundary of the Hong Kong territorial waters.
There were historically two villages on the island: Ha Tsuen and Sheung Tsuen on the west and south sides of the island.
He was one of the three sons of Eni who ruled the kingdom of East Anglia, succeeding some time after Ecgric was killed in battle by Penda of Mercia.
Anna was praised by Bede for his devotion to Christianity and was renowned for the saintliness of his family: his son Jurmin and all his daughters – Seaxburh, Æthelthryth, Æthelburh and possibly a fourth, Wihtburh – were canonised.
In 645 Cenwalh of Wessex was driven from his kingdom by Penda and, due to Anna's influence, he was converted to Christianity while living as an exile at the East Anglian court.
Upon his return from exile, Cenwalh re-established Christianity in his own kingdom and the people of Wessex then remained firmly Christian.
In 651, in the aftermath of an attack by Penda on Cnobheresburg, Anna was forced to flee into exile, perhaps to the western kingdom of the Magonsæte.
He returned to East Anglia in about 653, but soon afterwards the kingdom was attacked again by Penda and at the Battle of Bulcamp the East Anglian army, led by Anna, was defeated by the Mercians, and both Anna and his son Jurmin were killed.
The kingdom of East Anglia () was a small independent Anglo-Saxon kingdom that comprised what are now the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and perhaps the eastern part of the Cambridgeshire Fens.
In contrast to the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex, little reliable evidence about the kingdom of the East Angles has survived, because of the destruction of its monasteries and the disappearance of the two East Anglian sees that occurred as the result of Viking raids and settlement.
Anna was the son of Eni, a member of the ruling Wuffingas family, and nephew of Rædwald, king of the East Angles from 600 to 625.
East Anglia was an early and long-lived Anglo-Saxon kingdom in which a duality of a northern and a southern part existed, corresponding with the modern English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk.
Historians now believe that Hereswith was Anna's sister-in-law and that around the time that she married into the East Anglian royal family, Anna had already been king for a decade.
Exning was an important place strategically, as it stood just on the East Anglian side of the Devil's Dyke, a major earthwork stretching between the Fen edge and the headwaters of the River Stour, built at an earlier date to defend the East Anglian region from attack.
At an unknown date (possibly in the early 640s), they routed the East Anglian army and Ecgric and his predecessor Sigeberht were both slain.
D. P. Kirby has suggested that as Sigeberht was alive when the Irish monk Fursey left for Gaul and found Erchinoald, (which happened after Erchinoald became Mayor of the Neustrian palace in 641), Sigeberht was probably killed around 640 or 641.
Some time after Penda's victory, Anna became king of the East Angles, though the date of his accession is quite uncertain.
Throughout his reign he was the victim of Mercian aggression under Penda, but he also seems to have challenged the rise of Penda's power.
The British medievalist David Dumville has written that due to their rivalry for control over the Middle Anglian people, Mercia and East Anglia probably became hereditary enemies and Penda repeatedly attacked the East Angles from the mid-630s to 654.
Anna arranged an important diplomatic marriage between his daughter Seaxburh and Eorcenberht of Kent, cementing an alliance between the two kingdoms.
During the 640s Anna's daughter Æthelburg and his stepdaughter Sæthryth entered Faremoutiers Abbey in Gaul to live religious lives under abbess Fara.
D. P. Kirby uses the presence of East Anglian princesses living under the veil in Gaul as evidence of the Frankish orientation of Anna's kingdom at this time, continued since the reign of his predecessor Rædwald.
The Wuffingas dynasty may have been connected with monastic foundations in the area around Faramoutiers through Anna's predecessor Sigeberht, who had spent several years as an exile in Gaul and had become a devout and learned Christian due to his experiences of monastic life.
The northern part, Bernicia, accepted Oswald's brother Oswiu as their new king, but the southern Deirans refused to accept him and were ruled instead by a king of the original Deiran house, Oswine.
During the following year, while a refugee at Anna's court, he was converted to Christianity, returning in 648 to rule Wessex as a Christian king.
Anna's hold on the western limits of his kingdom, which bordered on the Fen lands that surrounded the Isle of Ely, was strengthened by the marriage in 651 (or slightly later) of his daughter Æthelthryth to Tondberht, a prince of the South Gyrwe, a people living in the fens who may have been settled in the area around Ely.
In time, weary of attacks on the kingdom, Fursey left East Anglia for good, leaving the monastery to his brother Foillan.
This gave Foillan and his monks enough time to escape with their books and valuables, but Penda defeated Anna and drove him into exile, possibly to the kingdom of Merewalh of the Magonsætan, in western Shropshire.
Soon after 653, when Penda made his son Peada the ruler of the Middle Angles (but still continued to rule his own country), the Mercian assault on East Anglia was repeated.
Blythburgh, a mile from Bulcamp and situated near the fordable headwaters of the Blyth estuary, was afterwards believed to be the location of the tombs of Anna and Jurmin.
According to Peter Warner, the Latin derivation of part of the nearby place-name 'Bulcamp' indicates its ancient origins, and mediaeval sources which claim continuous Christian worship at Blythburgh throughout the Anglo-Saxon period provide circumstantial evidence of its connections with East Anglian royalty and Christianity.
Saint Botolph began to build his monastery at Icanho, now conclusively identified as Iken, Suffolk, in the year that Anna was killed, possibly to commemorate the king.
Æthelhere (who was also slain at the Battle of the Winwæd) and Æthelwold were succeeded by the descendants of Anna's youngest brother, Æthelric.
By tradition, Anna is said to have had a fourth daughter, Wihtburh, an abbess at Dereham (or possibly West Dereham), where there was a royal double monastery.
She may have been a character specifically created by the religious community at Ely, where her remains were supposed to have been taken after being stolen from Dereham and subsequently used as visual proof of the incorruptibility of a saint's body, a substitute for her sister Æthelthryth, whose body had to remain unexamined in her tomb.
The resulting date for her death of 743 is far too late for her to have been a sister of Æthelthryth, who was born in 636.
It was conceived as a method for mounting aerial attacks from Japan against industrial targets along the west coast (e.g., San Francisco) and in the Midwest (e.g., Detroit, Chicago, and Wichita) and the northeast (e.g., New York City and Norfolk) of the United States.
Project Z called for three variations on the airframe: heavy bomber, transport (capable of carrying 300 troops), and a gunship armed with forty downward-firing machine guns in the fuselage for intense ground attacks at the rate of 640 rounds per second (i.e.
Set in New York City, they detail his daily life, sexual experiences, high school basketball career, poetry compositions, the counter-culture movement, and especially his addiction to heroin, which began when he was 13.
The book was made into a film of the same name in 1995 starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Jim Carroll and Mark Wahlberg as Mickey.
Pedigree Petfoods is a subsidiary of the American group Mars, Incorporated specializing in pet food, with factories in England at Melton Mowbray and Birstall, Leeds; and offices at McLean, Virginia.
In 1934, Mars Limited, a division of the large American confectionery company, that had been based in Slough since 1932, acquired Chappel Brothers in Manchester.
In 1951, annual sales reached £1m, and the company moved to Melton Mowbray, using a former sewing-thread mill previously used by Patons and Baldwins.
A new factory on Shrewsbury Avenue in Woodston, Peterborough opened in October 1974 which originally produced semi-moist products such as Bounce.
During the 1970s, around 2,500 workers were at Melton and 200 at Peterborough and produced around 400,000 tonnes of animal food a year and virtually doubled production.
Around 3 million cans were used per day at the Melton plant; cans were delivered every 30 minutes, to limit storage space, from the Metal Box company (which became Novar plc).
At this time, Whiskas was the company's biggest product by sales closely followed by Pedigree Chum, although more in volume was sold of Pedigree Chum.
Towards the late 1980s and in the 1990s, the company came under much more competition from what became Nestlé Purina PetCare.
In 1988, Kal Kan Foods changed the name of its dog food to Pedigree, the name Mars used to sell dog food outside the United States.
The English division of Mars Inc. has been called Masterfoods since January 2002, until it was split into four separate entities in 2007: Mars Petcare UK, Mars Complementary Petcare UK, Mars Chocolate UK and Mars Food UK.
The company makes the market leaders Pedigree (dog food) and Whiskas (cat food), as well as Kitekat (cat food) and Pal (dog food).
The foundation, created in 2008, provides grants to 501(c)(3) dog shelters and breed rescue organizations, and help dog lovers adopt, volunteer, and make donations.
Use of awarded grant money by qualified recipients is virtually unrestricted, but is most often used for shelter improvements or veterinary care.
Geographically, Ping Chau is an offshore island located in the northeast corner of Hong Kong in Mirs Bay, close to the border with Guangdong Province in mainland China.
The island is the most easterly point of the Hong Kong territory and is much closer to mainland China (4 km) than to the main landmass of Hong Kong.
The eastern inner shore of the crescent hugs Ping Chau Hoi (平洲海) with a few beaches, including Cheung Sha Wan (長沙灣) in the northeast.
In contrast, the western coast of the island is fairly rocky as a result of the greater wave action taking its toll on the inclined siltstone there.
Guns and opium were once smuggled from here, and during the Cultural Revolution many mainlanders swam in hopes of reaching Ping Chau and the freedom of Hong Kong.
The now virtually deserted island was once home to a thriving fishing and farm community of 3,000 people, with over 100 fishing junks.
Historical villages of Ping Chau included the five oldest: Chau Mei (洲尾), Chau Tau (洲頭), Nai Tau (奶頭), Sha Tau (沙頭) and Tai Tong (大塘), as well as five other smaller family villages, which were subsequently developed: Chan Uk (陳屋), Lam Uk (林屋), Lei Uk (李屋), Tsau Uk (鄒屋) and Tsoi Uk (蔡屋).
The village of Chau Mei was settled by fishermen who sold their catch at Tai Po Market and at Shayuchong (沙魚涌), a coastal village now part of the Longgang District of Shenzhen.
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (1941-1945), Ping Chau was used as a logistics base for the supply of military resources, including petrol, to the Chinese army.
At that time, the economy of the island deteriorated due to the depletion of fishery resources and the termination of trade with the mainland as a consequence of the Korean War (1950-1953).
Ping Chau is unique in the fact that it is the only sizeable island in Hong Kong made up of sedimentary rock.
Following the volcanic activity, a basin formed in the northeast, with deposition in a brackish lake—producing the siltstones and chert of Tung Ping Chau, which have been dated from the early Paleogene period.
Many early residents of Ping Chau were from Shantou (Swatow) and they kept the tradition of worshiping Tam Kung after they settled on the island.
Nowadays no longer spoken by many, you may still hear this dialect in the conversations between the villagers inside the restaurants.
The island has a temple dedicated to Tin Hau, built in 1765, and a temple dedicated to Tam Kung: the Tam Tai Sin Temple (譚大仙廟), built before 1877.
On one side of the island there are steep cliffs, below which is an amazing wave-cut platform, with jagged rocks, set at a 30-degree angle, like a staircase.
On the island's coastline at the pier side, there are over 60 different species of coral, and 35 species of algae.
There is a camping site as well as picnic and barbecue sites on the island, managed by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department.
With the exception of an area of old villages along its east coast, Ping Chau is part of the Plover Cove (Extension) Country Park, designated in 1979.
The landing point is the Tung Ping Chau Public Pier (東平洲公眾碼頭), the only public pier on Ping Chau, located near the centre of the island at Wong Ye Kok (王爺角).
In product development and process optimization, a requirement is a singular documented physical or functional need that a particular design, product or process aims to satisfy.
It is commonly used in a formal sense in engineering design, including for example in systems engineering, software engineering, or enterprise engineering.
It is a broad concept that could speak to any necessary (or sometimes desired) function, attribute, capability, characteristic, or quality of a system for it to have value and utility to a customer, organization, internal user, or other stakeholder.
When iterative methods of software development or agile methods are used, the system requirements are incrementally developed in parallel with design and implementation.
Product and process requirements are closely linked; a product requirement could be said to specify the automation required to support a process requirement while a process requirement could be said to specify the activities required to support a product requirement.
For example, a maximum development cost requirement (a process requirement) may be imposed to help achieve a maximum sales price requirement (a product requirement); a requirement that the product be maintainable (a product requirement) often is addressed by imposing requirements to follow particular development styles (e.g., object-oriented programming), style-guides, or a review/inspection process (process requirements).
Requirements are typically classified into types produced at different stages in a development progression, with the taxonomy depending on the overall model being used.
For example, the following scheme was devised by the International Institute of Business Analysis in their Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (see also FURPS and Types of requirements).
1- Outer sources such as Federal Requirements, Municipality, IRS, Employees organization, Engineering organization, Environment entities or requirements that enforced by contracts terms and conditions.
2- Organization source: such as your organization laws that should be followed or requirements that comes from the project type, location and project specifications.
The characteristics of good requirements are variously stated by different writers, with each writer generally emphasizing the characteristics most appropriate to their general discussion or the specific technology domain being addressed.
To the above some add Externally Observable, that is, the requirement specifies a characteristic of the product that is externally observable or experienced by the user.
Such advocates argue that requirements that specify internal architecture, design, implementation, or testing decisions are probably constraints, and should be clearly articulated in the Constraints section of the Requirements document.
For example, a requirement to present geocoded information to the user may be supported by a requirement for an interface with an external third party business partner.
To continue the example, a requirement selecting a web service interface is different from a constraint limiting design alternatives to methods compatible with a Single Sign-On architecture.
For example, a non-functional requirement to be free from backdoors may be satisfied by replacing it with a process requirement to use pair programming.
Ambiguities, incompleteness, and inconsistencies that can be resolved in the requirements phase typically cost orders of magnitude less to correct than when these same issues are found in later stages of product development.
This is partly due to the complexity of computer software and the fact that users don't know what they want before they see it.
Some evidence furthermore indicates that specifying requirements can decrease creativity and design performance Requirements hinder creativity and design because designers become overly preoccupied with provided information.
More generally, some research suggests that software requirements are an illusion created by misrepresenting design decisions as requirements in situations where no real requirements are evident.
Meanwhile, most agile software development methodologies question the need for rigorously describing software requirements upfront, which they consider a moving target.
Instead, extreme programming for example describes requirements informally using user stories (short summaries fitting on an index card explaining one aspect of what the system should do), and considers it the developer's duty to directly ask the customer for clarification.
In Requirements management the alteration of requirements is allowed but if not adequately tracked or preceding steps (business goals then user requirements) are not throttled by additional oversight or handled as a cost and potential program failure, then requirements changes are easy and likely to happen.
A process being run by humans is subject to human flaws in governance, where convenience or desires or politics may lead to exceptions or outright subversion of the process and deviations from the textbook way the process is supposed to proceed.
The chorus progression and guitar solos were written by guitarist David Gilmour, while the lyrics and verse progression were written by bassist Roger Waters.
The verses are composed in the key of B minor, while the chorus is in that key's relative major, D major.
The lyrics were inspired by Waters's experience of being injected with tranquillisers for stomach cramps before a Pink Floyd show in Philadelphia on the 1977 In the Flesh Tour.
For the chorus, Gilmour and session player Lee Ritenour used a pair of acoustic guitars strung similarly to Nashville tuning, but with the low E string replaced with a high E string, two octaves higher than standard tuning.
To write the two guitar solos, Gilmour pieced together elements from several other solos he had been working on, marking his preferred segments for the final take.
According to Gilmour, the final solo was one of the few opportunities during those concerts that he was free to improvise completely.
The video was two minutes shorter than the album version and the video clip had different camera angles from the home video version.
Pink Floyd performed the song at Knebworth Park on June 30, 1990, published on Knebworth: The Album (cd) and on Live At Knebworth 1990 (DVD).
Pink Floyd, complete with Waters, reunited briefly to perform at the Live 8 concert in Hyde Park, London in July 2005.
Waters sang lead, Van Morrison sang Gilmour's vocal parts backed by Rick Danko and Levon Helm of The Band, with guitar solo by Rick Di Fonzo and Snowy White, and backup by the Rundfunk Orchestra & Choir.
During 1999–2000, Doyle Bramhall II and Snowy White stood in for Gilmour's vocals and guitar solos; a role carried out by Chester Kamen and White in 2002.
In 2006–2007 Gilmour's vocals were performed by Jon Carin and Andy Fairweather-Low with Dave Kilminster and White performing the guitar solos.
During Waters' The Wall Live tour, Robbie Wyckoff sang Gilmour's vocals, and Dave Kilminster performed the guitar solos, both of them atop the wall, as Gilmour had been in the original tour.
During the performance of 12 May 2011 at the London O2 Arena, David Gilmour appeared as a guest during this song, and both sang the choruses and played guitar from the top of the wall, echoing the original Earls Court performances.
The song contains one of the show's most memorable moments, when, at a specific point of the final guitar solo, Waters steps toward the wall and pounds it with his fists, triggering both an explosion of colours on the previously dark-grey screen projections and a collapsing wall.
On 29 May 2006, at the Royal Albert Hall, David Bowie, in a guest appearance, sang Waters' part of the song.
In 2006, Gilmour performed the song in a concert, with the Polish Baltic Philharmonic Orchestra providing the orchestral parts that had usually been done with backing tapes or multiple synthesizers.
In August 2006, it was voted the greatest guitar solo of all time in a poll by listeners of digital radio station Planet Rock.
The two guitar solos were ranked as the greatest guitar solos of all time by both Planet Rock listeners and WatchMojo.com.
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions, who work together formally to coordinate activities or pool resources.
In business, political, or other environments, one group, the umbrella organization, provides resources and often an identity to the smaller organizations.
Schörner is commonly represented in historical literature as a simple disciplinarian and a slavish devotee of Hitler's defensive orders, after Germany lost the initiative in the second half of World War II 1942/43.
He was harsh against superiors as well as subordinates and carried out operations on his own authority against Hitler's orders when he considered it necessary, such as the evacuation of the Sõrve Peninsula.
Following the war he was convicted of war crimes by courts in the Soviet Union and West Germany and was imprisoned in the USSR, East Germany and West Germany.
A Bavarian Army veteran of World War I, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite military order as a lieutenant when he took part in the Battle of Caporetto, which shattered the Italian lines in autumn 1917.
During the 1941 Balkans campaign, he commanded the German 6th Mountain Division and earned the Knight's Cross for his role in breaching the Metaxas Line.
After stating that the Crimean port of Sevastopol could be held for a long time even if Crimea fell, he changed his mind and against Hitler's wishes, evacuated the Black Sea port.
This retreat occurred too late and the German–Romanian 17th Army that was holding Crimea suffered severe losses, with many men killed or captured while waiting on the piers to be evacuated.
In July he became commander of Army Group North, which was later renamed Army Group Courland, where he stayed until January 1945 when he was made commander of Army Group Centre, defending Czechoslovakia and the upper reaches of the River Oder.
He became a favorite of high-level Nazi leaders such as Joseph Goebbels, whose diary entries from March and April 1945 have many words of praise for Schörner and his methods.
He nominally served in this post until the surrender of the Third Reich on 8 May 1945 but continued to command his army group, since no staff was available to him.
The colonel reported that Schörner had ordered his operational command to observe the surrender but he could not guarantee that he would be obeyed everywhere.
Elements of Army Group Centre continued to resist the overwhelming force of the Red Army liberating Czechoslovakia during the final Prague Offensive.
A decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in April 1952 reduced this sentence to 12 and a half years.
A decree of December 1954 allowed him to be handed over to authorities of the German Democratic Republic, which allowed him to leave for West Germany in 1958.
There he was arrested and charged with executions of German Army soldiers accused of desertion, found guilty and sentenced to four and a half years' jail, which he served.
Because his Pour le Mérite had not been rescinded he was able to collect a pension of DM 25 per month.
In the late 1960s he gave a lengthy interview to Italian historian Mario Silvestri on his role and actions during the Austro-German victory at the Battle of Caporetto in World War I rather than on his World War II service.
German veterans particularly criticized Schörner for a 1945 order that all soldiers found behind the front lines, who did not possess written orders to be there, were to be court-martialled on the spot and hanged if found guilty of desertion.
Gottlob Bidermann, a German infantry officer who served in Schörner's command in 1944–45, reported in his memoirs that the General was despised by officers and men alike.
He said that Schörner was said never to have uttered a word of praise and would demote or punitively transfer soldiers on the spot for the most minor infractions, even as the war was ending.
Bidermann was especially bitter that while Schörner's men were marched off to die in Soviet POW camps at the cessation of hostilities, Schörner made certain that he avoided their fate.
When captured by the Americans in their sector, Schörner is said to have been dressed as a Bavarian non-combatant, behavior for which he had only recently had his own soldiers executed like earlier in 1944 on Sworbe on the eastern front.
Schörner was said to be devoted to Hitler, a view that is seen as confirmed by Hitler's appointment of Schörner as his replacement as Commander-in-Chief of the German Army on his suicide in the Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler.
Schörner did not hesitate to second Hitler's daydreams in the last weeks of the war, agreeing that the Red Army's main objective would be Prague instead of Berlin (in itself a colossal strategic blunder) and so leading him to weaken the critically thin defense lines in front of Berlin.
Empty Glass is the second solo studio album by English rock musician Pete Townshend, and his first composed of original material, released on 21 April 1980 by Atco Records.
The album deals with issues that Townshend was struggling with at the time, including alcoholism, drug abuse, marital problems and deceased friends, particularly Keith Moon, the Who's former drummer, who died in 1978.
This concept was derived from the work of the Persian poet Hafez, which Townshend became interested in from his involvement with Meher Baba, an Indian spiritual master who claimed he was an Avatar — God in human form.
The album was written and recorded between 1978 and 1980, when activity with the Who had started to pick up again, and Townshend found himself having to write for both his solo project and his band.
I think he’s a better guitar player than me and a better singer but I think what really worried me about the prospect of him producing my solo album was that I’m influenced by him enough as it is.
The League Against Cruel Sports is an animal welfare charity which campaigns to stop blood sports such as fox, hare and deer hunting, game bird shooting and animal fighting.
The charity is recognised as being instrumental in bringing about the Hunting Act 2004, which banned hunting with hounds in England and Wales and the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002, which did the same in Scotland.
Foxes, hare and deer continue to be hunted by packs of hounds in the United Kingdom, despite the passing of the Hunting Act 2004.
268 incidents of suspected illegal fox hunting were reported to the League's Animal Crimewatch service during the 2018 – 2019 hunting season.
This included foxes being chased to exhaustion across the countryside before, on some occasions, being torn apart in the jaws of the hunt's hounds.
Badger setts have also been blocked up near hunt meets to stop foxes taking refuge during the chase and horses and hounds trespassed in pursuit of wild animals.
Hunting packs claim to be practicing 'trail hunting', which is said to involve hunting hounds chasing an animal-based scent, but the League argues this is just a cover for illegal hunting.
The League is campaigning to maintain and strengthen the Hunting Act, by adding a provision for custodial sentences, a ban on use of dogs underground and a provision directed against recklessness.
532 people have been prosecuted for illegal hunting since the legislation was passed – including in private prosecutions brought by the League.
Over 35 million pheasants and partridges are released into the British countryside each year to be shot for sport – around half of these birds are imported as live chicks or ready-to-hatch eggs from factory-farms in France, Spain and Portugal.
Wild animals which compete with game birds – including fox, hare, corvids, stoats and weasels – are eradicated on shooting estates across the UK by trap, snare and gun.
There is a strong link between bird of prey persecution and land managed for game bird shooting, with hen harrier, buzzards, red kite, peregrine falcon and goshawks illegally disturbed or killed by gamekeepers.
Grouse moors are also managed in a way which causes damage to peatland habitat – including by gamekeepers burning heather to increase red grouse populations.
Transport industry is also being pressed to not ship game birds or ready-to-hatch eggs from Continental Europe to the United Kingdom.
However it is also interesting to know that the shooting industry is worth £2bn to the British economy as well as doing five times more for the conservation of habitat than any wildlife charity.
Despite being made illegal in Britain in 1835, dog and other animal fighting has been taking place underground in the UK.
A survey by the Royal Veterinary College in 2018 showed that 15 per cent of veterinary professionals suspected they had treated at least one dog that was engaged in illegal dog fighting.
Dogs used in fighting suffer injuries including puncture wounds, typically to the head, neck, chest and forelimbs; marks around the neck from weighted collars used in fight training; crudely treated wounds; and often death.
The League operates an Animal Crimewatch service where people – including veterinary professionals – can anonymously report their suspicions of dog and other animal fighting.
The League recently provided intelligence for a two-year long investigation by the BBC into a global network which bred, transported and organised dog fights around the world – including in the UK.
Concentrated around Exmoor and the Quantock Hills in South West England, the 3,000 acres of sanctuary land include Baronsdown, near Dulverton and Alfoxton in Holford, where stags have escaped when chased by hunts.
Wildlfie sanctuaries managed by the charity are home to a diverse range of species, a number of which are threatened – such as red deer, badgers, foxes, buzzards, peregrine falcon, pied flycatcher and wood warbler.
Visitors to the League's sanctuaries are encouraged to engage in wildlife conservation and learn about the animals which make the land their homes.
The League supported the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act, passed in 2002 by the Scottish Parliament, and the Hunting Act 2004.
Both laws make it illegal to chase a mammal with more than two dogs, but allow the use of two dogs (England) or a pack of dogs (Scotland) to flush an animal out of its lair to be shot.
Both laws allow the use of one terrier at a time below ground to flush a fox to be shot, if the owner of the terrier has written permission from the land owner or occupier to reduce fox populations in order to prevent or reducing serious damage to game birds or wild birds being kept on the land.
The league is currently campaigning against commercial breeding of non-native game birds for shooting, and against hunts that it believes are continuing to hunt wild mammals contrary to the 2004 ban.
Between 2006 and 2008, it successfully undertook private prosecutions against four hunt officials under the Hunting Act, because the police would not take action, and argued that this showed that the Hunting Act was clear in its meaning.
The first prosecution led to a conviction, but this was overturned on appeal, and the second conviction was upheld in the Crown Court.
Labour member and ex hunt saboteur Chris Williamson was a member of the board of trustees League Against Cruel Sports (2013) Board of Trustees, whilst several other board members are Labour Party members.
José Maria de Eça de Queirós (; 25 November 1845 – 16 August 1900) is generally considered to have been the greatest Portuguese writer in the realist style.
An illegitimate child, he was officially recorded as the son of José Maria de Almeida Teixeira de Queirós and Carolina Augusta Pereira d'Eça.
At age 16, he went to Coimbra to study law at the University of Coimbra; there he met the poet Antero de Quental.
Eça then worked in the Portuguese consular service and after two years' service at Havana was stationed, from late 1874 until April 1879, at 53 Grey Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, where there is a memorial plaque in his honour.
His diplomatic duties involved the dispatch of detailed reports to the Portuguese foreign office concerning the unrest in the Northumberland and Durham coalfields – in which, as he points out, the miners earned twice as much as those in South Wales, along with free housing and a weekly supply of coal.
There is a plaque to Eça in that city and another was unveiled in Grey Street, Newcastle, in 2001 by the Portuguese ambassador.
Eça, a cosmopolite widely read in English literature, was not enamoured of English society, but he was fascinated by its oddity.
Since 2002 English versions of eight of his novels and two volumes of novellas and short stories, translated by Margaret Jull Costa, have been published in the UK by Dedalus Books.
The movie was more centered on Eça's and Ramalho Ortigão's writing and publishing of the original serial and the controversy it created and less around the book's plot itself.
The film cost a million and a half euros, having €600.000 from the Instituto do Cinema e Audiovisual (ICA), €170.000 from Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, €120.000 from Agência Nacional do Cinema (Ancine, the Brazilian akin from ICA), and a good part from Montepio Geral, as well as the purchase by RTP of the rights for the mini-series.
The filming happened between October 14 and December 22 in 2013, and was shot in Ponte de Lima, Celorico de Basto, Guimarães and Lisbon.
Galleon Theatre Company, the resident producing company at the Greenwich Playhouse, London, has staged theatre adaptations by Alice de Sousa of Eça de Queirós' novels, directed by Bruce Jamieson.
Gerda Munsinger (born Gerda Hesler or Heseler or Hessler, also known as Olga Schmidt and Gerda Merkt; September 10, 1929 – November 24, 1998) was an East German prostitute and alleged Soviet spy (although these allegations were ultimately unproven).
She returned to Germany in 1961, became the centre of press attention in 1966 when the scandal was publicly revealed, and was the subject of a feature film.
She was drafted as a labour worker in 1944, around the same time that her younger brother mysteriously disappeared; she also lost contact with her mother and sister.
She crossed the border between East and West Germany on several occasions, and as a result was reportedly arrested for espionage by the American border police in 1949.
Shortly thereafter, she began learning English and worked as a secretary in a hotel, where she provided secretarial services to American president Dwight Eisenhower and his wife.
She was married for a short period to a demobilized American soldier and baseball player named Michael Munsinger, but divorced him in 1954 after she was unable to return to the US with him.
She worked as a maid for a doctor in a Montreal suburb upon her arrival, in accordance with the terms of the contract she signed prior to departure.
Munsinger became involved in relationships with a number of high-ranking Canadian government officials, most notably cabinet ministers George Hees and Pierre Sévigny.
Munsinger was arrested for trying to cash a bad cheque in 1961 but the charges were dropped; she left shortly thereafter to return to Germany.
Under pressure from Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, who had been informed of the situation by the RCMP, Sévigny ended his affair with Munsinger.
The affair became public in March 1966 when Minister of Justice Lucien Cardin mentioned Munsinger's name during a debate in Parliament, in response to comments from the Conservatives about security problems in the Liberal government of Lester B. Pearson.
The Liberals had been made aware of the affair two years earlier during a review of security cases involving senior government officials; Pearson had opted to not publicize it, and had instructed his cabinet ministers not to discuss it.
After the story broke, the police were sent by the German government to guard Munsinger's apartment and prevent unauthorized access, as a crowd of reporters camped outside for several days.
One German reporter posed as a waiter and paid the owner of the restaurant in Munsinger's building to allow him access to her room.
A judicial inquiry regarding the politicians' dalliances with Munsinger found that there had been no security leak resulting from the affair.
Larry Zolf, a journalist who had been caned on-camera by Sévigny in 1966 while attempting to question him about the affair, was tasked with locating her and bringing her to the show.
She also ridiculed the suggestion that she was a spy and suggested that Pierre Trudeau would have been better able to manage the scandal than Pearson.
She spent the rest of her life in relative obscurity under the name Gerda Merkt, and died on November 24, 1998, in Munich.
Prior to being purchased by CVRD (now Vale) in 2006, Inco was the world's second largest producer of nickel, and the third largest mining company outside South Africa and Russia of platinum group metals.
In 1902 the International Nickel Company, Ltd. was created in New York, NY as a joint venture between Canadian Copper, Orford Copper, and American Nickel Works.
In 1916, the International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd. was incorporated as the operating company in Copper Cliff in Sudbury, and in 1918 the company built a new refinery in Port Colborne.
On October 11, 2005, Inco announced a friendly takeover bid to buy out the operations of longtime rival Falconbridge for $12 billion.
Xstrata (which already owned ~20% of Falconbridge shares) subsequently submitted a hostile takeover bid for Falconbridge, resulting in a bidding war between Inco and Xstrata.
The Xstrata bid was successful, but not before Falconbridge employed a poison pill to delay the acquisition, raising its share price from $28 to $62.50 in the meantime.
Teck Cominco submitted a hostile takeover bid to purchase Inco on May 8, 2006 for $16 billion if it agreed to abandon its takeover of Falconbridge.
On June 26 of the same year, Phelps Dodge submitted a friendly takeover bid to purchase a combined Inco and Falconbridge for around $40 billion; that offer was also withdrawn because of the failure of the Inco-Falconbridge merger.
That offer received approval from the Canadian government's investment review agency on October 19, and was accepted by Inco shareholders on October 23.
Part of the takeover deal was that CVRD would operate Inco as a separate nickel mining division; all of CVRD's nickel operations, including mines at Onca Puma and Vermelho in Brazil, were transferred to Inco's management.
Vale is exploring as of 2015 an IPO of its base metals unit for $30–35 billion, in order to lighten its debt load.
The unions include Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores no Setor Minera, SINTICIM, Union syndicale des ouvriers et employés de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Union des Syndicats des Travailleurs Kanak et Exploités, Fagforbundet for Industri og Energi, Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, and the United Steelworkers.
The Chofetz Chaim was born in Dzyatlava, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (today Belarus), on January 26, 1838, and died in Radun (), Wilno Province in Poland (now Belarus) on September 15, 1933.
His home town, Dzyatlava, was once named Zdzięcioł when it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until the time of the partitions of Poland.
In addition to spreading Torah through his yeshiva, Kagan, who became known as the Chofetz Chaim, was very active in Jewish causes.
He became one of the most influential rabbis within Orthodox Judaism during the late 19th and early 20th century, taking a central leadership role in the World Agudath Israel movement in Eastern Europe.
Although the anti-religious attitudes which pervaded Zionism greatly distressed him, Kagan initially refused to become personally involved in the matter and refrained from publicly denouncing the movement.
When his views became known, he cautioned his students about joining the Zionists and declared its political aims as being contrary to the Torah.
He nevertheless cherished the Holy Land and in 1925 it was announced that he would be leaving Warsaw with his daughter and son-in-law to permanently settle in Petach Tikvah, Palestine.
One American yeshiva named in his honor is the Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yisrael Meir HaKohen centered in Queens, New York founded by his great nephew, Rabbi Dovid Leibowitz, with several branches in the United States, Canada, and Israel.
Orthodox Jews across the world viewed him as one of the 36 righteous people, and Polish farmers were said to have lured him into their fields believing his feet would bring blessing to their crops.
cDNA is produced from fully transcribed mRNA found in the nucleus and therefore contains only the expressed genes of an organism.
In eukaryotic cells the mature mRNA is already spliced, hence the cDNA produced lacks introns and can be readily expressed in a bacterial cell.
While information in cDNA libraries is a powerful and useful tool since gene products are easily identified, the libraries lack information about enhancers, introns, and other regulatory elements found in a genomic DNA library.
In eukaryotes, a poly-(A) tail (consisting of a long sequence of adenine nucleotides) distinguishes mRNA from tRNA and rRNA and can therefore be used as a primer site for reverse transcription.
Column purification is done by using oligomeric dT nucleotide coated resins where only the mRNA having the poly-A tail will bind.
cDNA libraries are commonly used when reproducing eukaryotic genomes, as the amount of information is reduced to remove the large numbers of non-coding regions from the library.
Prokaryotes do not have introns in their DNA and therefore do not possess any enzymes that can cut it out during transcription process.
When studying eukaryotic DNA, expression libraries are constructed using complementary DNA (cDNA) to help ensure the insert is truly a gene.
Linkers are short, double stranded pieces of DNA (oligodeoxyribonucleotide) about 8 to 12 nucleotide pairs long that include a restriction endonuclease cleavage site e.g.
Both the cDNA and the linker have blunt ends which can be ligated together using a high concentration of T4 DNA ligase.
Then sticky ends are produced in the cDNA molecule by cleaving the cDNA ends (which now have linkers with an incorporated site) with the appropriate endonuclease.
The Cannon River a tributary of the Mississippi River flows from Lake Tetonka near Waterville to Red Wing in the U.S. state of Minnesota, where it joins the Mississippi River.
From Faribault, Minnesota to its mouth, the Cannon, a designated Minnesota Wild and Scenic River falls 280 feet (85 m), an average of 4.8 feet/mile (1 m/km).
Bounded by rolling hills, bluffs, farmland, and woods in its upper reaches, dammed by H.M. Byllesby in 1910 for hydroelectric power to create Lake Byllesby Reservoir, the Cannon enters a broad gorge below Cannon Falls, where it is flanked by bluffs up to 300 feet (100 m) high.
The river valley was created by cutting through these rocks produced rock outcrops of St. Peter Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group of dolomites and sandstone, and near the river's mouth, Jordan Sandstone and the St. Lawrence and Franconia formations.
Past the Falls, the river is in the Driftless Area of Minnesota, a region that remained ice free during the last ice age, allowing the river to carve a very impressive canyon.
The upper region of the river is involved with terminal moraines and glacial drift and till, and is not in the Driftless Area.
In the reservoirs and slow stretches above Faribault the most common game fish are northern pike, black crappies, bluegills, and bullheads.
Downstream from Faribault the most common species are smallmouth bass, northern pike, walleye, and, in the stretch below Cannon Falls, Minnesota, channel catfish.
The Cannon served as a primary route from the Mississippi River valley to the plains of western Minnesota where bison were common.
The Dakota were forced to surrender the area in the 1851 Treaty of Traverse des Sioux and most Dakota (except for a small group south of Faribault) left the area after the Dakota War of 1862.
In a scant few decades during the mid-to-late 19th Century, more innovations in the flour milling industry were developed here than in several centuries before.
The first mills they built at Faribault, Morristown, Dundas, Northfield, Cannon Falls and Red Wing became the first bona fide industry that helped grow the Cannon Valley's first economy.
These people, John North, John T. Archibald, Alexander Faribault, Edmund LaCroix, and Captain Jesse Ames, to name a few, had much to do with advancing the newer technology, thereby establishing the first towns along the Cannon River.
The Cannon Valley Trail runs along the south bank of the river, between Cannon Falls and Red Wing and provides scenic views of surrounding farmland and the river valley.
The 40-mile Sakatah-Singing Hills Trail begins at Faribault at the White Sands Trailhead facility, winding its way west along the Cannon River, past several lakes connected by it, ending at Mankato.
After the old COWHL dropped down to three teams in 1997–98, the new league expanded to Brampton, Ottawa and the Montreal area (Montreal, Bonaventure and Laval) in 1998–99.
The league was officially renamed the National Women's Hockey League on Feb. 16, 1999 with Al Dawson as the league's first president.
In 2007–08, players from the old NWHL joined new teams in similar markets in the newly formed Canadian Women's Hockey League.
From the 1998–99 to the 2001–02 seasons, the NWHL consisted of two divisions: the Eastern Division with Quebec-based teams, and the Western Division with Ontario-based teams.
For the 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons, the league had three divisions: the Eastern Division with Quebec-based teams, a renamed Central Division with Ontario-based teams, and a new Western Division with teams in Alberta (both seasons) and British Columbia (2002–03 only).
The high travel costs for the two Alberta teams caused them to leave the NWHL to form the Western Women's Hockey League, reducing the NWHL to the Eastern and Central Divisions for the 2004–05 and 2005–06 seasons.
The NWHL reverted to three divisions: Eastern Division with Quebec-based teams, the Central Division with Ontario-based teams, and a renewed Western Division with teams Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchwean and Minnesota.
The Eastern and Central Division teams scheduled a 35-game unbalanced but interlocking schedule, while the Western Division would only play within itself for the regular season - saving travel costs for all three divisions.
The merger broke down midseason, with the WWHL teams treating it as the 2006–07 WWHL season and the remaining NWHL teams handling their playoffs with all four teams from the Central Division and the top two teams from the Eastern Division qualifying for the postseason.
In the NWHL playoffs, teams played a best-of-three series to determine the Eastern and Central Division champions, who then met for the NWHL championship.
By the end of the 2006–07 NWHL season, the league had fallen into disarray, season records are incomplete, and the league folded shortly after the Central Division's Brampton Thunder defeated the Eastern Division's Montreal Axion to win the last ever NWHL Championship.
During its inaugural 1998–99 season, a playoff tournament was held over three consecutive days, resulting in the presentation of a Gold, Silver and Bronze medal.
Though the NWHL and the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL) were considered merged for the 2006–07 season, the WWHL teams did not compete for the Clarkson Cup, instead playing for the WWHL Champions Cup.
After the 2007 disbanding of the NWHL, the Clarkson Cup was presented to the winner of a playoff between WWHL and Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) teams, then solely to the CWHL champion after the WWHL merged with that league.
In Hong Kong, declaring a monument requires consulting the Antiquities Advisory Board, the approval of the chief executive as well as the publication of the notice in government gazette.
As of February 2013, there were 101 declared monuments, of which 57 were owned by the Government and the remaining 44 by private bodies.
As of 25 October 2019, there were 123 declared monuments in Hong Kong, with 51 listed on Hong Kong Island, another 51 on New Territories, 12 on Kowloon, and 9 on the Outlying Islands.
Under Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, some other buildings are classified as Grades I, II and III historic buildings, and are not listed below.
As of July 2007, 607 buildings had been graded (since 1980), 54 of these, including five Grade I buildings, had been demolished.
As of August 2007, of 151 buildings classified as Grade I, only 28 pre-war buildings have been declared monuments since 1980.
On 26 November 2008, the Antiquities Advisory Board announced that the declaration of monuments would be related to the grading of historic buildings.
The Antiquities Authority (the Secretary for Development) may declare a building facing a demolition risk a proposed monument, thus providing the building with immediate protection against demolition.
Five buildings were declared proposed monuments between 1982 and 2012: Ohel Leah Synagogue (later Grade I in 1990), Morrison Building (subsequently declared in 2004), Jessville (later Grade III), King Yin Lei (subsequently declared in 2008) and Ho Tung Gardens (later demolished in 2013).
MetaFilter, known as MeFi to its members, is a general-interest community weblog, founded in 1999 and based in the United States, featuring links to content that users have discovered on the web.
Although the number of registrations has topped 100,000, a design flaw in the counting process means that it counts users who abandoned the signup process mid-way; the actual number of posters is smaller, at around 38,700 as of October 2008.
Members regularly gather for meetups in cities around the world, and there are numerous websites with strong connections to MetaFilter members and subgroups, including MetaChat and MonkeyFilter, the latter getting its start during the period when MetaFilter memberships were closed.
At SXSW 2011, Haughey gave a talk in which he noted that MetaFilter had about 125,000 user accounts, of which 12,000 are active.
In November 2012, MetaFilter experienced a huge drop of traffic due to the Google Panda search update, specifically the Ask MetaFilter page lost 40% of its traffic.
As of June 2018 the site was losing US$8000 per month but has since rebounded with new sources of ad revenue and increased member contributions.
Posters are presumed responsible for selecting only the most interesting or novel websites to link, and users' reputations are largely determined by overall posting quality.
Half-baked posts, self-promotion, open-ended questions, and other fare common on other community sites and internet forums are strongly discouraged at MetaFilter.
Net and blog culture discussions also percolate through MetaFilter, reflecting its early connections with Blogger, but this is becoming less common as membership expands.
Nevertheless, it is accepted that some discussion of current events and politics in particular is inevitable, and a certain level is tolerated.
Important news items or political arguments can turn into very long discussions, such as 9/11 (2001), the London Bombings (2005), and Hurricane Katrina (2005)—which generated over 80 front page posts in about a week.
In May 2001, MetaFilter played a key role in uncovering the Kaycee Nicole hoax, in which a woman made up a fake online persona of a teenage daughter who was dying of cancer, fooling many bloggers and garnering sympathy and gifts.
An astroturfing campaign by Holden Karnofsky, the co-founder of the online charity GiveWell, was detected in January 2008 through a sockpuppet posting to Ask MetaFilter, leading to Karnofsky's resignation.
Moderators may step in and temporarily suspend an offending user's account, but this is rare; permanent bans are rarer still, and are generally reserved for spammers and other egregious abusers of the site.
MetaTalk also sees particularly excellent posts called out for praise, and moderators regularly feature superlative contributions on the main page's sidebar.
For the site's first few years, this practice of self-policing ensured a high level of quality and allowed Haughey to use a light touch in moderating the site; however, as the community has grown, Haughey has expanded the site's staff and taken a more active role.
In 2008, London user Ricardo Vacapinta assumed off-hours moderator duties, and in April 2011 Jeremy Preacher (restless_nomad) came on to keep an eye on things over the weekend.
A flagging feature allows members to call moderator attention to substandard, offensive, or outstanding posts, allowing users continued input towards shaping the site while quickly alerting site staff to potential trouble spots.
On May 19, 2014, Haughey announced that effective June 1, 2014, moderators Jessamyn West, LobsterMitten and goodnewsfortheinsane would be laid off from their positions due to a sudden and unexpected slump in traffic caused by updates to Google's Panda search algorithm, which reduced ad revenue generated by Ask MetaFilter by more than 40%.
AskMe quickly grew to a strong side community with slightly different etiquette requirements and many daily threads that cover a broad spectrum of topics.
Members can vote on projects, and often post interesting projects to the main site following the same guidelines as any other post.
This area of the site allows users to upload their own musical creations, which others can listen to directly on the website, along with playlist and favorites features.
In 2014, FanFare was created to give the community a place to discuss entertainment media such as TV shows and films.
Segal resigned from the Senate of Canada effective June 15, 2014, as a result of his appointment as Master (later Principal) of Massey College in Toronto.
Segal was inspired by a visit from Prime Minister John Diefenbaker in 1962 to his school, United Talmud Torah Academy in Montreal.
Segal went on to graduate from the University of Ottawa and was an aide to federal Progressive Conservative Leader of the Opposition Robert Stanfield in the early 1970s, while still a university student.
At the age of 21, he was an unsuccessful Progressive Conservative candidate in Ottawa Centre for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 general election.
As a member of the Big Blue Machine, Segal was a senior aide to Ontario Progressive Conservative Premier Bill Davis in the 1970s and 1980s, and he was named Deputy Minister at age 29.
Segal finished second to Joe Clark after the first ballot of the 1998 Progressive Conservative leadership election, but he chose to withdraw and support Clark (the eventual winner) in the second ballot runoff vote against third-place finisher David Orchard.
In December 2013, he announced his intention to resign from the Senate in June 2014, twelve years before he would reach the mandatory retirement age of 75, to accept an academic appointment as Master of Massey College in Toronto.
The group's mandate is to set out decisive recommendations on how to strengthen the Commonwealth and fulfill its potential in the 21st century.
In December 2011 the federal government appointed him special envoy to the Commonwealth with the task of convincing individual countries to sign on to the EPG's 106 recommendations.
He is a Red Tory in the tradition of Benjamin Disraeli, Sir John A. Macdonald, John George Diefenbaker and his mentors Robert Stanfield and Bill Davis.
Segal opposed on civil liberties grounds the imposition of the War Measures Act by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in the October Crisis of 1970.
His 1998 proposal to reduce Canada's Goods and Services Tax from 7% to 6% (and then 5%) was adopted by Stephen Harper and the Conservative Party in 2005.
Segal lives in Kingston, Ontario, and until 2014 was a faculty member at Queen's University's School of Policy Studies, and has also taught at the university's school of business.
Segal was appointed Master of Massey College in the University of Toronto (effective at the end of June 2014) and retired from the Senate in order to accept the position.
He retired from the Massey College position effective June 30, 2019, five years into his seven-year term, and was succeeded by Nathalie Des Rosiers.
David Clarke lived in Belmont, Ohio for several years until he sold his house and moved to Arlington, Virginia to be with his daughters.
Madel contested the London seat of Erith and Crayford in a 1965 by-election, and again in the general election the following year, but was beaten on each occasion by Labour's James Wellbeloved.
He was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament for South Bedfordshire and later South West Bedfordshire from 1970 until he stood down at the 2001 general election.
He almost suffered one of the biggest upsets of the 1997 general election, when his majority was cut from 21,273, to 132 votes.
Ismail I (, ; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail I (), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as Shah of Iran (Persia).
Before his accession in 1501, Iran, since its conquest by the Arabs eight-and-a-half centuries before, had not existed as a unified country under native Iranian rule, but had been controlled by a series of Arab caliphs, Turkic sultans, and Mongol khans.
Although many Iranian dynasties rose to power amidst this whole period, it was only under the Buyids that a vast part of Iran proper came under Iranian rule (945-1055).
The dynasty founded by Ismail I would rule for over two centuries, being one of the greatest Iranian empires and at its height being amongst the most powerful empires of its time, ruling all of present-day Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia, most of Georgia, the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait and Afghanistan, as well as parts of modern-day Syria, Turkey, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
The legacy of the Safavid Empire was also the revival of Iran as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy, its architectural innovations and its patronage for fine arts.
One of his first actions, was the proclamation of the Twelver sect of Shia Islam to be the official religion of his newly-formed state, which had major consequences for the ensuing history of Iran.
Furthermore, this drastic act also gave him a political benefit of separating the growing Safavid state from its strong Sunni neighbors—the Ottoman Empire to the west and the Uzbek confederation to the east.
His father, Haydar, was the sheikh of the Safaviyya Sufi order and a direct descendant of its Kurdish founder, Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334).
Ismail was the last in this line of hereditary Grand Masters of the order, prior to his ascent to a ruling dynasty.
His mother Martha, better known as Halima Begum, was the daughter of Uzun Hasan by his Pontic Greek wife Theodora Megale Komnene, better known as Despina Khatun.
His ancestry is mixed, having ancestors from various ethnic groups such as Georgian, Greek, Kurdish and Turkoman; the majority of scholars agree that his empire was an Iranian one.
In 700/1301, Safi al-Din assumed the leadership of the Zahediyeh, a significant Sufi order in Gilan, from his spiritual master and father-in-law Zahed Gilani.
In 1488, the father of Ismail was killed in a battle at Tabasaran against the forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar and his overlord, the Aq Qoyunlu, a Turkic tribal federation which controlled most of Iran.
In 1494 the Aq Qoyunlu captured Ardabil, killing Ali Mirza Safavi (the eldest son of Haydar), and forcing the 7-year old Ismail to go into hiding in Gilan, where under Sultan 'Ali Mirza Karkiya he received education under the guidance of scholars.
Ismail's rise to power was made possible by the Turkoman tribes of Anatolia and Azerbaijan, who formed the most important part of the Qizilbash movement.
In the summer of 1500, Ismail rallied about 7,000 Qizilbash troops at Erzincan, including members of the Ustajlu, Rumlu, Takkalu, Dhu'l-Qadar, Afshar, Qajar, and Varsaq.
They defeated the forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar near Cabanı (present-day Shamakhi Rayon, Azerbaijan Republic) or at Gulistan (present-day Gülüstan, Goranboy, Nagorno-Karabakh), and subsequently went on to conquer Baku.
The Shirvanshah line nevertheless continued to rule Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty for some more years, until 1538, when, during the reign of Ismail's son, Tahmasp I (r. 1524-1576), from then on it came to be ruled by a Safavid governor.
The successful conquest had alarmed the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu, Alvand, who subsequently proceeded north from Tabriz, and crossed the Aras River in order to challenge the Safavid forces, and a pitched battle was fought at Sarur in which Ismail's army came out victorious despite being outnumbered by four to one.
Shortly before his attack on Shirvan, Ismail had made the Georgian kings Constantine II and Alexander I of respectively the kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti, attack the Ottoman possessions near Tabriz, on the promise that he would cancel the tribute that Constantine was forced to pay to the Ak Koyunlu once Tabriz was captured.
After eventually conquering Tabriz and Nakhchivan, Ismail broke the promise he had made to Constantine II, and made both the kingdoms of Kartli as well as Kakheti his vassals.
His army was composed of tribal units, the majority of which were Turkmen from Anatolia and Syria with the remainder Kurds and Čaḡatāy.
In the same year he gained possession of Erzincan and Erzurum, while a year later, in 1503, he conquered Eraq-e Ajam and Fars; one year later he conquered Mazandaran, Gorgan, and Yazd.
This was because Ismail had begun favoring the Iranians more than the Qizilbash, who, although they had played a crucial role in Ismail's campaigns, possessed too much power and were no longer considered trustworthy.
Ismail then began destroying Sunni sites in Baghdad, including tombs of Abbasid Caliphs and tombs of Imam Abū Ḥanīfah and Abdul Qadir Gilani.
By 1510, he had conquered the whole of Iran (including Shirvan), southern Dagestan (with its important city of Derbent), Mesopotamia, Armenia, Khorasan, and Eastern Anatolia, and had made the Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti his vassals.
In the same year, Husayn Beg Shamlu lost his office as commander-in-chief in favor of a man of humble origins, Mohammad Beg Ustajlu.
The Uzbek ruler, Muhammad Shaybani, was caught and killed trying to escape the battle, and the shah had his skull made into a jewelled drinking goblet.
The active recruitment of support for the Safavid cause among the Turcoman tribes of Eastern Anatolia, among tribesmen who were Ottoman subjects, had inevitably placed the neighbouring Ottoman empire and the Safavid state on a collision course.
In 1511, there was a widespread pro-Safavid rebellion in southern Anatolia by the Takkalu Qizilbash tribe, known as the Şahkulu Rebellion, and an Ottoman army that was sent in order to put down the rebellion down was defeated.
A large-scale incursion into Eastern Anatolia by Safavid ghazis under Nūr-ʿAlī Ḵalīfa coincided with the accession of Sultan Selim I in 1512 to the Ottoman throne, and became the casus belli which led to Selim's decision to invade Safavid Iran two years later.
While the Safavid forces were at Chaldiran and planning on how to confront the Ottomans, Mohammad Khan Ustajlu, who served as the governor of Diyabakir, and Nur-Ali Khalifa, a commander who knew how the Ottomans fought, proposed that they should attack as quickly as possible.
This proposal was rejected by the powerful Qizilbash officer Durmish Khan Shamlu, who rudely said that Mohammad Khan Ustajlu was only interested in the province which he governed.
Ismail's army was more mobile and his soldiers were better prepared, but the Ottomans prevailed due in large part to their efficient modern army, and possession of artillery, black powder and muskets.
A mutiny among his troops, fearing a counterattack and entrapment by fresh Safavid forces called in from the interior, forced the triumphant Ottomans to withdraw prematurely.
Despite his defeat at the Battle of Chaldiran, Ismail quickly recovered most of his kingdom, from east of the Lake Van to the Persian Gulf.
However, the Ottomans managed to annex for the first time Eastern Anatolia and parts of Mesopotamia, as well as briefly northwestern Iran.
After the Battle of Chaldiran, Ismail lost his supernatural air and the aura of invincibility, gradually falling into heavy drinking of alcohol.
He retired to his palace, never again participated in a military campaign, and withdrew from active participation in the affairs of the state.
The consequences of the defeat at Chaldiran were also psychological for Ismail: His relationships with his Qizilbash followers were fundamentally altered.
The tribal rivalries between the Qizilbash, which temporarily ceased before the defeat at Chaldiran, resurfaced in intense form immediately after the death of Ismail, and led to ten years of civil war (930-40/1524-33) until Shah Tahmasp regained control of the affairs of the state.
During Ismail's reign, mainly in the late 1510's, the first steps for the Habsburg–Persian alliance were set as well, with Charles V and Ludwig II of Hungary being in contact with a view to combining against the common Ottoman Turkish enemy.
He is considered an important figure in the literary history of Azerbaijani language and has left approximately 1400 verses in this language, which he chose to use for political reasons.
After defeating Muhammad Shaybani's Uzbeks, Ismail asked Hatefi, a famous poet from Jam (Khorasan), to write a Shahnameh-like epic about his victories and his newly established dynasty.
Most of the poems are concerned with love—particularly of the mystical Sufi kind—though there are also poems propagating Shi'i doctrine and Safavi politics.
Along with the poet Imadaddin Nasimi, Khatā'ī is considered to be among the first proponents of using a simpler Azerbaijani language in verse that would appeal to a broader audience.
The major impact of his religious writings, in the long run, was the conversion of Persia from Sunni to Shia Islam.
The following anecdote demonstrates the status of vernacular Turkish and Persian in the Ottoman Empire and in the incipient Safavid state.
An important feature of the Safavid society was the alliance that emerged between the ulama (the religious class) and the merchant community.
They would thus retain the official ownership and secure their land from being confiscated by royal commissioners or local governors, as long as a percentage of the revenues from the land went to the ulama.
Increasingly, members of the religious class, particularly the mujtahids and the seyyeds, gained full ownership of these lands, and, according to contemporary historian Iskandar Munshi, Persia started to witness the emergence of a new and significant group of landowners.
His appearance compared to other olive-skinned Persians, his descent from the Safavid Shaykhs, and his religious ideals, contributed to people's expectation based on various legends circulating during this period of heightened religious awareness in Western Asia.
Even after the fall of the Safavids in 1736, their cultural and political influence endured through the era of Afsharid, Zand, Qajar, and Pahlavi dynasties into the modern Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the neighboring Azerbaijan Republic, where Shi'a Islam is still the dominant religion as it was during the Safavid era.
In electronics, slew rate is defined as the change of voltage or current, or any other electrical quantity, per unit of time.
Expressed in SI units, the unit of measurement is volts/second or amperes/second or the unit being discussed, (but is usually expressed in V/μs).
Electronic circuits may specify minimum or maximum limits on the slew rates for their inputs or outputs, with these limits only valid under some set of given conditions (e.g.
When given for the output of a circuit, such as an amplifier, the slew rate specification guarantees that the speed of the output signal transition will be at least the given minimum, or at most the given maximum.
When applied to the input of a circuit, it instead indicates that the external driving circuitry needs to meet those limits in order to guarantee the correct operation of the receiving device.
For example, when the input to a digital circuit is driven too slowly, the digital input value registered by the circuit may oscillate between 0 and 1 during the signal transition.
Slew rate helps us identify the maximum input frequency and amplitude applicable to the amplifier such that the output is not significantly distorted.
A solicitor by profession and formally an East Devon District Councillor, Nicholls was first elected to the House of Commons in 1983 at the age of 34 winning a comfortable majority over the nationally known Liberal Party candidate, John Alderson who had resigned as Chief Constable of Devon & Cornwall specifically to fight the seat.
Within a year of entering the House of Commons, Nicholls was made a Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Home Office Minister David Mellor, and subsequently to the Minister of Agriculture John Selwyn Gummer.
Still not yet 40, he was given a key role in piloting the second tranche of Conservative Trades Union reforms through Standing Committee.
His upward advance was checked, however, when he was arrested for drink driving in 1990, as a result of which he resigned from the government.
He was appointed to the Westminster Foundation for Democracy at its inception in 1992 and served on The North Atlantic Assembly and the 1922 Committee of Conservative MPs.
In 1994, he was made a Vice Chairman of the Conservative Party and in 1997 was appointed the Shadow Fisheries Minister by the then Leader of the Opposition, William Hague.
A leading Eurosceptic, Nicholls was credited with having single-handedly turned Conservative Party policy around in favour of leaving the EU Common Fisheries Policy.
Currently, Nicholls is a freelance political journalist and lectures on British and American politics in Europe and America as well as the UK.
Nowlan was a Progressive Conservative backbench Member of Parliament representing a Nova Scotia riding in the House of Commons of Canada continuously from 1965 to 1993.
In 1991, Nowlan was expelled from the Tory caucus after voting against the Mulroney government's introduction of the Goods and Services Tax.
He was appointed to the post of lecturer, and later a senior lecturer, at the City of Birmingham College of Commerce (later Birmingham Polytechnic, now Birmingham City University).
His first attempt to become a member of Parliament was in the 1970 election when he stood unsuccessfully for South West Hertfordshire.
He was then selected as a candidate and was elected as Member of Parliament for Lichfield and Tamworth in October 1974, in which position he became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister for Local Government and Planning, and later the Minister of Agriculture.
He was re-elected for The Wrekin in 1987 and he was very shortly thereafter appointed Deputy Shadow Leader of the House to Jack Cunningham before becoming advisor to the Leader of the Opposition, Neil Kinnock and, later, a Foreign Affairs Spokesman under John Smith.
He was made a life peer under the title of Baron Grocott, of Telford, in the County of Shropshire, on 2 July 2001, quickly being promoted to a government whip in the House of Lords.
From 2002 to 2008 he was the Government Chief Whip in the House of Lords as well as Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms, the honorary post usually held by the Chief Whip.
In October 2012 it was announced that Lord Grocott has been elected as the next chancellor of the University of Leicester, the first time in the university's history that a former student has been appointed to the post.
Steven Alan Hassan (pronounced ) (born 1954) is an American mental health counselor who has written on the subject of mind control and how to help people who have been harmed by the experience.
Hassan became a member of the Unification Church in the 1970s, at the age of 19, while studying at Queens College.
Hassan also studied the work of Richard Bandler and John Grinder who developed neuro-linguistic programming, the works of Milton Erickson, Virginia Satir, and Gregory Bateson.
Hassan has studied hypnosis and is a member of the American Society for Clinical Hypnosis and the International Society of Hypnosis.
After the Boston Marathon bombing, Hassan was interviewed by some reporters to explain his view of the bombers' state of mind and how he believed mind control was involved.
In August 2018, Steve delivered a TEDx talk on technology and mind control at TEDxBeaconStreet Salon, resulting in a standing ovation from the live audience.
He has worked as a painter, draftsman, photographer, muralist, sculptor, installation and performance artist, using a wide variety of techniques and media.
The metaphor for his art is dominated by the image of the child, particularly the wounded child, scarred physically and emotionally from within.
His works often reference taboo and controversial issues from recent history, especially the Nazi rule and the horror of the Holocaust.
His father Joseph Helnwein worked for the Austrian Post and Telegraphy administration (Österreichische Post- und Telegraphenverwaltung), and his mother Margarethe was a housewife.
As a student he organized plays and art exhibitions at the Catholic Marian Society (Marianische Kongregation) of the Jesuit University Church in Vienna.
In the following years he started his first performances for small audiences where he cut his face and hands with razor blades and bandaged himself.
In 1985 Rudolf Hausner, recommended Helnwein as his successor as professor of the master-class for painting at the University of Visual Art in Vienna, but Helnwein left Vienna and moved to Germany.
Four years later in 1989 he established a studio in Tribeca New York and thenceforth spent his time between the United States and Germany.
Helnwein moved to Dublin, Ireland in 1997 and one year later, he bought Castle Gurteen de la Poer in County Waterford.
In 2002 he established a studio in downtown Los Angeles and he lives and works since then in Ireland and Los Angeles.
On 3 December 2005, his friend Marilyn Manson and Dita Von Teese were married in a private, non-denominational ceremony at Helnwein's castle.
The show was seen by 250,000 visitors and was the most successful exhibition of a contemporary artist in the history of the Albertina.
One sees, too, the common ground of his works with those of Arnulf Rainer and Hermann Nitsch, two other Viennese, who display their own bodies in the frame of reference of injury, pain, and death.
And one sees how this fascination with body language goes back to the expressive gesture in the work of Egon Schiele.
Helnwein's early work consists mainly of hyper-realistic watercolors, depicting wounded children, as well as photographs and performances – often with children – in public spaces.
The bandaged child became the most important figure next to the artist himself allied with him in his actions: the embodiment of the innocent, defenceless individual at the mercy of brute force.
The sexualistic concept of the child in (Freud-influenced) Viennese Actionism is countered by the moralist and utopian Helnwein with the child as a sexless salvation figure.
In today's world, the malevolent forces of war, poverty, and sexual exploitation and the numbing, predatory influence of modern media assault the virtue of children.
Helnwein's work concerning the child includes paintings, drawings, and photographs, and it ranges from subtle inscrutability to scenes of stark brutality.
Of course, brutal scenes – witness The Massacre of the Innocents – have been important and regularly visited motifs in the history of art.
What makes Helnwein's art significant is its ability to make us reflect emotionally and intellectually on the very expressive subjects he chooses.
Many people feel that museums should be a refuge in which to experience quiet beauty divorced from the coarseness of the world.
At the same time when Helnwein painted watercolors of injured and abused children, from 1969, around 1970/71 he also began a series of self-portrayals in photographs and performances (actions) in his studio and in the streets of Vienna.
Actionistic self-portrayals in the manner of a happening featuring his injured and bandaged body and surgical instruments deforming his face go back to Helnwein's student days.
The artist exposed himself as victim and martyr: bandages around his head and forks and surgical instruments piercing his mouth or cheek.
There is a basic misconception that any given face, at any given time, looks more or less the same, like a statue's face.
Actually, the human face is as variable from moment to moment as a screen on which images are reflected, from within and from without.
And in order to attack the basic misconception, he must underline and exaggerate by distortion, by bandages and metal instruments that force the face into impossible molds.
Images of torture and madness abound, as happens from moment to moment in the face seen as a sensitive reflection of extreme perceptions and experience.
The artist's doppelgänger role as victim and perpetrator, martyr and satyr, penitent and accuser, proxy and self-portrayer, moralist and autist, and in many other metamorphoses embodies and stages the antagonistic social forces on a stage of his inner-world consciousness.
Growing up in a dreary, destroyed post-war Vienna, the young boy was surrounded by unsmiling people, haunted by a recent past they could never speak about.
In those dreams, long before any adult understanding of the specific pains and evils that live holds, the familiar and comforting objects and images of a child's world are rent with something untoward.
For children, not understanding what really to be afraid of, these dreams portend some pain and disturbance lurking into the landscape.
His portrait of Disney's favorite mouse occupies an entire wall of the gallery; rendered from an oblique angle, his jaunty, ingenuous visage looks somehow sneaky and suspicious.
We are meant to be transported to the flickering edges of our own childhood memories in a time imaginably more blameless, crime-less and guiltless.
Living between Los Angeles and Ireland, Helnwein met and photographed the Rolling Stones in London, and his portrait of John F. Kennedy made the front cover of Time magazine on the 20th anniversary of the president's assassination.
Examining his imagery from the 1970s to the present, one sees influences as diverse as Bosch, Goya, John Heartfield, Beuys and Mickey Mouse, all filtered through a postwar Viennese childhood.
'Helnwein's oeuvre embraces total antipodes: The trivial alternates with visions of spiritual doom, the divine in the child contrasts with horror-images of child-abuse.
A four-meter-high, hundred-meter-long picture lane in which the artist recalls the events of Reichskristallnacht, the actual beginning of the Holocaust, on 9 November 1938.
He confronts the passersby with larger-than-life children's faces lined up in a seemingly endless row, as if for concentration camp selection.
Just days into the exhibit, these portraits were vandalized by unknown persons, symbolically cutting the throats of the depicted children's faces.
Helnwein consciously left the panels with the gashes and included them into the presentation, because he decided it made the work stronger and more relevant.
But Kiefer and Helnwein's work are both informed by the personal experience of growing up in a post-war German speaking country...
William Burroughs said that the American revolution begins in books and music, and political operatives implement the changes after the fact.
And Helnwein's art might have the capacity to instigate change by piercing the veil of political correctness to recapture the primitive gesture inherent in art.
To judge by their looks and gestures, they appear to be interested in details such as head, face, back and genitals.
The arrangement of the figures clearly relates to motive and iconography of the adoration of the three Magi, such as were common especially in the German, Italian and Dutch 15th century artworks.
2016 Helnwein became Honorary Member of iSTAN, the International Stage Art Network, a joint venture between the International Theatre Institute ITI and the Central Academy of Drama CAD Beijing.
The metaphor for his art is dominated by the image of the child, but not the carefree innocent child of popular imagination.
Darvill was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Upminster at the 1997, taking it from the Conservatives, and was one of the few Labour MPs to lose their seat at the 2001 to the Conservatives, in the person of Angela Watkinson.
Darvill stood once again in Upminster, Labour's sixth target, at the May 2005 general election, but failed to regain the seat.
He also stood for the London Assembly and was very narrowly re-elected for his Heaton ward in Havering in the 2006 local elections when Labour was almost wiped out in the borough.
Following the 2010 local elections Labour increased its council group to 5 and Darvill is now Labour Group leader on the Council.
Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees and members of the Jenkins family.
Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (831), Georgia (190), Alabama (77), South Carolina (64), Tennessee (46), North Carolina (46), and Virginia (16).
Locations are found as far north as Fredericksburg, Virginia, as far south as Key West, Florida, while the westernmost location is in Mobile, Alabama.
As of January 2019, Publix employs about 193,000 people at its 1,239 retail locations, cooking schools, corporate offices, 9 grocery distribution centers, and 11 manufacturing facilities.
George Jenkins opened the first Publix Food Store in Winter Haven, Florida, on September 6, 1930 - a 3,000 square foot building located at 58 Northwest 4th Street.
By 1959, Publix was the dominant supermarket chain in Central Florida, and began expansion to South Florida, opening a store in Miami and acquiring six stores from Grand Union.
During her time at Publix, the company grew into the largest supermarket chain in Florida, expanded into five other states, and recorded $32.5 billion in sales in 2015.
The sale allowed Publix to operate four stores in a new market area for the company, Escambia County, Florida (the Pensacola area).
On February 5, 2009, Publix opened its 1,000th store in St. Augustine, Florida, becoming one of only 5 U.S. grocery retailers to achieve that quantity of stores.
The store includes motion sensor lights throughout the store, including on the freezer doors, and an overhead light system that can be controlled by each department.
The first Publix outside Florida opened in Savannah, Georgia, in 1991; distribution and manufacturing facilities in Dacula, Georgia (a northeastern suburb of Atlanta) soon followed, as it began to expand into metro Atlanta in 1993.
In 2011, Publix announced it was expanding into North Carolina, initially by opening stores in the Charlotte metropolitan area, and later announced construction of a new store in Asheville.
The first Charlotte-area Publix stores (on the South Carolina side of the metropolitan area, opened in 2012); the first North Carolina Publix store opened in Ballantyne in 2014.
In February 2016, Publix announced their entry into the Virginia market, with the signing of two store leases, the first in Bristol scheduled to open in 2017 and the second in metropolitan Richmond scheduled for 2018.
In July 2016, it was announced that Publix had entered into a purchase agreement with Ahold and Delhaize Group for 10 Martin's Food Markets locations in the Richmond market as part of the divestiture of stores to gain clearance from the Federal Trade Commission for the impending Ahold/Delhaize merger.
President Todd Jones, a 36-year Publix employee whose first job was as a front service clerk (bagger), took on Crenshaw's responsibilities as CEO.
In December 2005, Publix discontinued its photo processing service, replacing it with an online or mail-order service via the Snapfish program.
The schools offer cooking demonstrations in which customers are encouraged to sample easy-to-make, nutritious dishes prepared at in-store kiosks and take a recipe card with them.
Customers could purchase meals that they could assemble in-store or, for an extra charge, an Aprons associate would prepare and assemble the meals.
GreenWise Market is a retail concept the company introduced in 2007 in response to the increase in the number and profitability of health food stores such as Whole Foods Market.
GreenWise Markets were created to increase awareness of nutrition; products under the GreenWise brand are free from added dyes, flavors, hormones, raised without antibiotics, and are USDA organic.
The first six stores were set to be in Palm Beach Gardens, Boca Raton, Vero Beach, Tampa, Naples, and Coral Springs, Florida.
In 2017, the company announced they would resume building standalone GreenWise locations, the first of which will be near the campus of Florida State University in Tallahassee, opening in 2018.
They have since been closed and replaced by newly built locations or merged with existing stores that are not part of the Sabor sub-brand.
Publix Sabor locations have bilingual English-Spanish employees, open seating cafés, and a wider selection of prepared foods from the deli and bakery catering to Hispanic flavors.
Publix offers cafés and hot foods because many Hispanic Americans grew up in foreign cities which had open public squares where people socialize and eat.
Several medical professionals expressed concerns that this could contribute to an overuse of antibiotics which leads to antibiotic resistance, a serious public health concern.
The only restriction is a 90-day supply or up to 360 500-mg, 270 850-mg, or 225 1000-mg tablets, but refills are not limited.
In August 2011, Publix began offering Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor that is used to prevent, treat, or improve symptoms of high blood pressure, certain heart conditions, diabetes, and certain chronic kidney conditions, as another free prescription.
Customers can get a 90-day supply of this prescription for free at any Publix Pharmacy, up to a maximum of 180 tablets.
In May 2014, Publix began offering Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina) as a free medication.
Customers can get a 90-day supply of this medication (up to 180 2.5-mg or 5-mg tablets, or 90 10-mg tablets) free of charge.
Montelukast, a medicine used for the treatment of allergies and asthma, was added to the free medication program in February 2017, but discontinued at the end of 2018.
The Little Clinic health-care centers were staffed by nurse practitioners who can write prescriptions, provide diagnosis and treatment of common ailments and minor injuries, and offer wellness care like physicals, screenings, and vaccinations.
Effective May 9, 2011, Publix closed the Little Clinics in its stores in order to focus on its core pharmacy and grocery business.
Publix and BayCare Health System announced a collaboration to provide telehealth and telemedicine services at specialized pharmacies in four Tampa Bay-area counties in March 2017.
Pharmacies participating in the program have private rooms for patients to speak with a board-certified physician in BayCare's network via teleconferencing, plus diagnostic tools that can be used by the patient, with or without assistance from pharmacy staff.
Customers had the ability to browse and purchase groceries online, then drive to a participating location where an associate will have selected their items and would bring them out to the buyer's vehicle.
Announced as a pilot program with locations in the Atlanta area and Tampa, the program was ended in January 2012 after its performance reportedly did not meet expectations.
The company later resurrected its curbside concept, this time using its delivery partner, Instacart, to manage the online ordering portion of the service.
Currently in a trial stage, the second iteration of Publix Curbside began with two pilot locations in the greater Tampa area in September 2017, and is expected to expand to the greater Atlanta area by the end of the year.
In July 2016, Publix announced another pilot program with Instacart to offer online shopping and delivery services in the greater Miami area.
Not all products available at stores, such as tobacco, gift cards, prescriptions, and age-restricted items, are able to be delivered by the service.
As of February 2017, Instacart deliveries from Publix are available in the metro areas of Atlanta, Charlotte, Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Orlando, Raleigh, Richmond, Tampa, Jacksonville, and Nashville, as determined by ZIP code.
Later in 2017, Publix announced its intent to expand its delivery program, and expects to have the service available from more than 90 percent of stores by the end of the year.
In response to other grocery stores' aggressive discounting across the Florida market, Publix opened its first Food World store in September 1970 in Orlando, Florida.
The store marked the first under the Food World banner for Publix and would become the first of 22 more of the type.
The brand was retired in 1985 because the stores were unable to turn a profit for Publix or give workers a percentage of their store's profits.
In 2014, all Florida and Georgia locations were sold to Circle K, the sole Tennessee location was sold to another entity, and the concept was discontinued.
The stores had not performed well during the downturn and in recent years Publix closed several units, leaving the chain with 36 stores when the sale was announced.
The liquor store is in an area accessed via a separate entrance as required by local laws, modeled after many other grocery chains.
In September 2010, Publix reported it started adding Blockbuster DVD rental kiosks to its stores, with the movie rentals starting at $1 per day.
In 2012, NCR sold its entertainment division, which includes the Blockbuster Express kiosks, to Coinstar, the owner of the Redbox DVD rental kiosks.
This network includes point of sale (POS) capabilities, meaning that debit, credit, electronic benefit transfer (EBT) cash, or EBT food stamp cards can be used to make purchases at any Publix store.
Publix announced that effective January 1, 2015, health coverage would be available to same-sex couples regardless of place of marriage, as long as they are legally married.
In early 2018, Publix came under fire by the Human Rights Campaign and other LGBT rights organizations for refusing to cover PrEP HIV prevention drugs under its employee health plans.
Publix regularly conducts charity drives raising money and food for such charities as Special Olympics, March of Dimes, Children's Miracle Network, United Way, as well as various local food banks and soup kitchens such as Our Father's House Soup Kitchen and Second Harvest North Florida.
Moments before the protests began, the company announced that it would suspend corporate-funded political contributions and reevaluate their political funding practices.
Despite the company's announcement, David Hogg led a die-in on May 25, 2018 at a Publix supermarket with parents and students from Stoneman Douglas High School for 720 seconds, the approximate number of school shootings in recent history.
Six days after halting political contributions, the Florida Retail Federation, a trade group heavily funded (>80% in 2017) by Publix, donated an additional $100,000 to Putnam's Florida Grown political action committee.
Publix stock is privately owned and restricted: it can only be purchased by current employees or board members during designated offering periods, and cannot be sold to anyone without first being offered back to Publix for repurchase.
In 2003, Publix supported a successful bill that prevents owners from suing if their land is polluted by dry cleaning chemicals dumped on an adjacent property, if the adjacent property owners are on a state clean-up list.
On October 4, 2005, Publix sued Visa and MasterCard, citing unfair business practices over their unannounced and non-negotiable increases in merchant account fees.
In 2014, Publix was fined by the Board of Human Rights of Broward County, Florida for discrimination involved in the termination of an LGBT employee.
The son of an electrical engineer, he joined the Royal Artillery straight from Charterhouse School in 1942 and after the war was demobilised as a captain.
In his final year he and Robin Day took part in a debating tour of United States run by the English-Speaking Union.
From Oxford he joined the British Information Services, serving in San Francisco, where he met his wife, Jeanne, an American doctor whom he married in 1951.
His profile was thus at its highest when the election was called, and on 8 October 1959 he ousted the Labour member for Holborn and St Pancras South, Lena Jeger, by 656 votes.
He successfully promoted a bill authorising councils to operate a meals-on-wheels service for the elderly and was soon on the fast track, within six months becoming PPS to ministers at the Board of Trade; in 1962 he moved to the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance.
His parliamentary career was interrupted in October 1964 when Lena Jeger had her revenge by 2,756 votes as Labour came to power.
However, he returned to the House of Commons the following year at a by-election in the safe Conservative seat of East Grinstead.
When that constituency was abolished for the 1983 election, he was returned for the new Wealden constituency, and held that seat until he retired at the 2001 general election, having served 41 years in Parliament.
Sir Alec Douglas-Home quickly appointed him an Opposition whip, and when Edward Heath became leader that summer he made Johnson-Smith a party vice-chairman.
He was never in the running for the top job, despite his popularity among Conservative ladies, and in April 1971 he instead became Under-Secretary for Defence for the Army.
Johnson-Smith, who was later to launch a successful campaign on behalf of haemophiliacs who had been given infected blood, fought a long battle to curb the Church of Scientology.
The Church had its headquarters near East Grinstead and in 1970 he endured a six-week libel case before a jury vindicated his stance.
In November 1972 Heath moved him sideways to the Civil Service Department, with the remit of sharpening presentation of government policy.
His time there was dominated by the Kenneth Littlejohn affair, which was still rumbling on when Heath called a snap election in February 1974.
When Margaret Thatcher took the leadership, she asked him to oversee media activities at Central Office alongside a fellow television professional, Gordon Reece.
From 1980 to 1996 he chaired the select committee on Member's Interests, having to field embarrassing questions about the business activities of Mrs Thatcher’s son Mark.
From 1985 he chaired the military committee of the North Atlantic Assembly, and from 1987 to 1997 he led the British delegation.
Grafftey received a bachelor of arts degree from Mount Allison University, majoring in political science and history, and a bachelor of civil law degree from McGill University.
Grafftey was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1958 general election that elected John Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservative Party in a landslide victory.
A resident of the Eastern Townships, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Brome—Missisquoi from 1958 to 1968.
In the 1964 Great Flag Debate, he was one of a handful of Conservative MPs who broke with leader John Diefenbaker to support the adoption of the Maple Leaf flag.
Grafftey returned to Parliament in the 1972 election, and was a candidate at the 1976 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, in which he placed last, with 33 delegate votes.
Like many of the other challengers in the race who were knocked off in the early ballots, Grafftey supported the eventual leadership race winner Joe Clark.
He served as Minister of State for Social Programs and Minister of State for Science and Technology in the short lived 1979–1980 government of Joe Clark before losing his seat in the 1980 election.
Grafftey supported Clark in the 1983 PC leadership convention, and was largely shut out of Quebec PC circles during the Mulroney years.
In 2002, he was one of the first Progressive Conservatives to openly call for Tory leader Joe Clark's resignation, offering himself as a replacement.
He ran a campaign that was devoid of defining policy proposals but which focused upon his political experience, his bilingualism and his belief that he could recruit 300,000 new members to help the PCs win the coming election.
Although, like most of the candidates in the race, he supported the twin Progressive Conservative pillars of North American free trade and support for decentralizing reforms to the Canadian constitution, he often found himself in agreement with the left wing of his party, sharing maverick candidate David Orchard's opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Grafftey's candidacy received some media attention largely because he was the only candidate in the race who was fluently bilingual (in English and French) and actually had government experience.
He did not attend the convention, nor did he endorse any other leadership candidate, though many of his rural backers went over to David Orchard.
After the 2003 convention, Grafftey briefly re-entered the political spotlight by joining David Orchard and other former Tories in opposition to a proposed merger of the party with the Canadian Alliance.
He ran in Brome-Missisquoi for the Progressive Canadian Party in the 2006 federal election and came in fifth place with 1,921 votes – 4% of the total ballots cast.
Grafftey was active in business circles up to his death and was the CEO of SafetySense, a company that publishes basic safety booklets for businesses and schools.
Grafftey declared his sexual orientation when he disrupted and stormed out of a service at St. George's Anglican Church in Montreal after the priest delivered what he considered a homophobic sermon.
He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich East from February 1974 until he stood down in the 2001 election.
He is the former Chairman of his hometown football club, Stockport County, as well as being a major shareholder in the club at the time.
He once lived at Greenwood Gardens, Bredbury and was a railwayman and Bredbury and Romiley Urban District councillor representing Bredbury South ward.
He was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for West Bromwich East in 1974, after which he moved to live in Buglawton.
He retained links with the Bredbury area, serving for a time as a director of Stockport County Football Club, which he is now once again as of 2010.
He stood down in the 2001 election and was created a life peer as Baron Snape, of Wednesbury in the County of West Midlands on 9 June 2004.
Two of its reporters, posing as lobbyists for a foreign company looking to set up a chain of shops in the UK, approached a range of peers to see if they could be bribed to help the company to obtain an exemption from the Business Rates Supplements Bill.
The Sunday Times agreed to publish the findings of the Privileges Committee and agreed to pay a 'substantial sum' towards Lord Snape's legal costs.
The headquarters of US Bancorp moved into the US Bancorp Center in 2000, whereupon the tower changed to 225 South 6th Street.
It was initially said to be built one foot shorter out of respect for the IDS Center; however, in 2005, it was revealed that contractors had surreptitiously added of height to Capella, therefore making it taller than the main roof of IDS Center.
In February 2005, the IDS counted a window washing garage built on its roof in 1979 as part of its actual height, making it taller than Capella Tower.
The IDS's communications spires add a significant amount of height making it , and it remains the tallest building in Minneapolis if measured by number of stories (57 vs. 56; actually tied for first with neighbor Wells Fargo Center).
In March 2008, Capella Education Co., longtime occupant of the building and owner of the for-profit online Capella University, signed a lease that changed the name of the tower to Capella Tower.
The new lease expands Capella's square footage in the building from to about , making it the largest tenant in the building.
The expanded facility houses all of the company's 1,150 downtown Minneapolis employees; as the online school does not have classrooms, the space houses administrative staff and faculty.
The office building, designed by Pei, Cobb, Freed & Partners, is laid out on an L-shaped site with the 58-story tower connected to the 20-story Star Tribune Building by an atrium.
Air Atlanta was an airline based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States in the 1980s serving over a dozen cities from its hub in Atlanta.
Air Atlanta's first scheduled route was Atlanta-Memphis with the first flight being operated on February 1, 1984, using a Boeing 727-100 jetliner.
The airline subsequently introduced service to Detroit, Fort Myers, Greenbrier/Lewisburg, WV, New Orleans, Orlando, Philadelphia, Tampa and Washington, D.C. National Airport.
When Air Atlanta initially began service, every seat was a first class seat with meals served on white linen, fine China and crystal.
Air Atlanta then introduced two class service on its Boeing 727 aircraft with 2-2 seating in first class and 2-3 seating in coach with the latter cabin usually being configured with 3-3 seating by most other air carriers that operated the 727.
At the time it filed, KLM offered to invest $10 million in Air Atlanta if the existing investors would match it.
Air Atlanta had a perfect safety record and was responsible for many innovations in the airline industry including with respect to financing its operations through the use of the zero coupon convertible note.
The majority of the flights operated by Air Atlanta were operated to and from Atlanta (ATL) on a nonstop point to point basis.
Several exceptions were nonstop service operated between New York JFK Airport and Lewisburg, West Virginia, via the Greenbrier Valley Airport (LWB), between New York JFK Airport and Philadelphia (PHL) as well as between Tampa (TPA) and Orlando (MCO) and also between Tampa and Fort Myers (RSW).
In addition, Air Atlanta operated direct one stop service between a number of its destinations with most of these flights making an intermediate stop in Atlanta which also served as the airline's connecting hub.
David James Christian Faber (born 7 July 1961) is a schoolmaster and former Conservative member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Following his failure to win reelection in 2001, he became an author, before in 2010 being appointed as head master of Summer Fields School, Oxford.
The son of Julian and Lady Caroline Faber, Faber comes from an aristocratic political family drawn from the Whig and latterly the Conservative traditions.
His grandmother, Lady Dorothy Cavendish, was descended from three Prime Ministers, the 4th Duke of Devonshire (1756–1757), the 2nd Earl of Shelburne (1782-1783) and the 3rd Duke of Portland (1783 and 1807–1809), related by marriage to President John F. Kennedy.
He worked in marketing and as a political assistant to Jeffrey Archer before entering the House of Commons in 1992 as Conservative Member of Parliament for Westbury.
He was parliamentary private secretary to the Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1994 to 1996, and then to the Secretary of State for Health, from 1996 to 1997.
In opposition, after the Conservatives lost the 1997 general election, he was their front bench spokesman on Foreign and Commonwealth affairs, until 1998.
He served as a member of several Parliamentary Select Committees: Social Security, 1992–1997, Culture, Media and Sport, 1998 to 2001, and the Public Accounts Committee, 2000–2001.
In 1997, he was reported to be a director of Sterling Marketing, and in 1998 was a director of Freestream Aircraft.
Faber stood down from parliament at the 2001 general election, to be succeeded by fellow Conservative Andrew Murrison, when he began a new career as a writer.
Faber married firstly Sally Gilbert, a television weather girl, and they had one son together, Henry, but later divorced, with Faber citing James Hewitt as co-respondent.
He is a past committee member of the Marylebone Cricket Club, the governing body of the game of cricket, and a member of White's.
The scaling theory he and his colleagues formulated in 1974 postulated that MOSFETs continue to function as voltage-controlled switches while all key figures of merit such as layout density, operating speed, and energy efficiency improve – provided geometric dimensions, voltages, and doping concentrations are consistently scaled to maintain the same electric field.
The Order was created in 1783 by George III at the instigation of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, The 3rd Earl Temple (1753–1813; created The 1st Marquess of Buckingham in 1784).
The regular creation of knights of Saint Patrick lasted until 1921, when most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State.
While the Order technically still exists, no knight of St Patrick has been created since 1936, and the last surviving knight, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, died in 1974.
The position of King of Arms of the order was held by Ulster King of Arms; this office still exists, since 1943 it has been combined with Norroy King of Arms.
The first appointments were made on 11 March 1783, and consisted of 15 Knight Founders, and in total there have been 145 appointments.
The original Royal Warrant (dated 5 February 1783) specified that there were to be no more than fifteen knights of the Order at any one time, something that changed in 1821 when George IV appointed an extra six knights (although the royal warrant was not altered to reflect this change until 1830).
William IV appointed an additional four knights at his coronation, and on 24 January 1833 increased the maximum number of knights to 22.
In his view, a being's interests should always be weighed according to that being's concrete properties, and not according to its belonging to some abstract group.
Singer studies a number of ethical issues including: race, sex, ability, species, abortion, euthanasia, infanticide, embryo experimentation, the moral status of animals, political violence, overseas aid, and whether we have an obligation to assist others.
The 1993 second edition adds chapters on refugees, the environment, equality and disability, embryo experimentation, and the treatment of academics in Germany.
The atoll consists of two main islands: Eanikai in the north, Nuguti in the south, and several smaller islets in between along the eastern rim of the atoll.
The Battle of Drummond's Island occurred during the United States Exploring Expedition in April 1841 at Tabiteuea, then known as Drummond's Island.
During the US Civil War, the Confederate States Navy steamer CSS Shenandoah visited the island on March 23, 1865 in search of United States whalers, but the whalers had fled the area.
Students from Bangai may attend either Nukantewaa School or Ueen Maungan te Raoi School; Bangai does not have enough residents, so the Kiribati authorities do not operate a school there.
Kehtna () is a small borough () in Rapla County, in central Estonia, located about southeast of the town of Rapla.
Following the fall of Saigon at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, he immigrated to France at age 12.
His films have received international fame and acclaim, and his first three features were varied meditations on life in his home country Vietnam.
To date, the film is the only representative of Vietnamese cinema to be nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
The film tells stories of poor people living in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City), and was filmed on location there.
The main characters of the film are three sisters who idolize their parents' family life, before the truth is revealed after the mother's death.
Hùng's films are made so as to rebuild the image of Vietnam that he has lost when immigrating into France and to provide audience with another point of view on Vietnam while this topic has been long dominated by French and American cinema.
The stories are based on Hùng's knowledge about Vietnamese culture and (in the second and third films) his first-hand experience gained from trips to the country.
Hùng is strongly influenced by French cinema and from some European and Japanese filmmakers, namely Bergman, Bresson, Kurosawa, Tarkovsky and Ozu.
As a banner of Vietnamese films, Anh Hung Tran, a French-Vietnamese director, broke the image of poverty and backwardness in the past American and French films with his unique camera images, showing the audience a Vietnam where tenderness and cruelty coexist.
Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments.
Originally released for the Apple Macintosh in 1986, LabVIEW is commonly used for data acquisition, instrument control, and industrial automation on a variety of operating systems (OSs), including Microsoft Windows, various versions of Unix, Linux, and macOS.
Execution flow is determined by the structure of a graphical block diagram (the LabVIEW-source code) on which the programmer connects different function-nodes by drawing wires.
Multi-processing and multi-threading hardware is exploited automatically by the built-in scheduler, which multiplexes multiple OS threads over the nodes ready for execution.
Nodes are connected to one another using wires, e.g., two controls and an indicator can be wired to the addition function so that the indicator displays the sum of the two controls.
Thus a virtual instrument can be run as either a program, with the front panel serving as a user interface, or, when dropped as a node onto the block diagram, the front panel defines the inputs and outputs for the node through the connector pane.
The graphical approach also allows nonprogrammers to build programs by dragging and dropping virtual representations of lab equipment with which they are already familiar.
This is a benefit on one side, but there is also a certain danger of underestimating the expertise needed for high-quality G programming.
For complex algorithms or large-scale code, it is important that a programmer possess an extensive knowledge of the special LabVIEW syntax and the topology of its memory management.
Furthermore, it is possible to create distributed applications, which communicate by a client–server model, and are thus easier to implement due to the inherently parallel nature of G.
Users interface to hardware by either writing direct bus commands (USB, GPIB, Serial) or using high-level, device-specific, drivers that provide native LabVIEW function nodes for controlling the device.
The LabVIEW syntax is strictly enforced during the editing process and compiled into the executable machine code when requested to run or upon saving.
The executable runs with the help of the LabVIEW run-time engine, which contains some pre-compiled code to perform common tasks that are defined by the G language.
Generally, LabVIEW code can be slower than equivalent compiled C code, although the differences often lie more with program optimization than inherent execution speed.
Many libraries with a large number of functions for data acquisition, signal generation, mathematics, statistics, signal conditioning, analysis, etc., along with numerous for functions such as integration, filters, and other specialized abilities usually associated with data capture from hardware sensors is enormous.
LabVIEW is an inherently concurrent language, so it is very easy to program multiple tasks that are performed in parallel via multithreading.
For example, this is done easily by drawing two or more parallel while loops and connecting them to two separate nodes.
This is a great benefit for test system automation, where it is common practice to run processes like test sequencing, data recording, and hardware interfacing in parallel.
Due to the longevity and popularity of the LabVIEW language, and the ability for users to extend its functions, a large ecosystem of third party add-ons has developed via contributions from the community.
There is also an active community of LabVIEW users who communicate through several electronic mailing lists (email groups) and Internet forums.
Unlike common programming languages such as C or Fortran, LabVIEW is not managed or specified by a third party standards committee such as American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), etc.
Many users have criticised it for its tendency to freeze or crash during simple tasks, often requiring the software to be shut down and restarted.
G language being non-textual, software tools such as versioning, side-by-side (or diff) comparison, and version code change tracking cannot be applied in the same manner as for textual programming languages.
There are some additional tools to make comparison and merging of code with source code control (versioning) tools such as subversion, CVS and Perforce.
There was no ability to zoom in to (or enlarge) a VI which will be hard to see on a large, high-resolution monitor.
In 2005, starting with LabVIEW 8.0, major versions are released around the first week of August, to coincide with the annual National Instruments conference NI Week, and followed by a bug-fix release the following February.
In 2017, National Instruments moved the annual conference to May and released LabVIEW 2017 alongside a completely redesigned LabVIEW NXG 1.0 built on Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
OpenG, as well as LAVA Code Repository (LAVAcr), serve as repositories for a wide range of Open Source LabVIEW applications and libraries.
It is very similar in purpose to Ruby's RubyGems and Perl's CPAN, although it provides a graphical user interface similar to the Synaptic Package Manager.
National Instruments also offers a product named Measurement Studio, which offers many of the test, measurement, and control abilities of LabVIEW, as a set of classes for use with Microsoft Visual Studio.
DSP Robotics' FlowStone DSP also uses a form of graphical programming similar to LabVIEW, but is limited to the robotics industry respectively.
LabVIEW has a direct node with modeFRONTIER, a multidisciplinary and multi-objective optimization and design environment, written to allow coupling to almost any computer-aided engineering tool.
Both can be part of the same process workflow description and can be virtually driven by the optimization technologies available in modeFRONTIER.
Black Knight was a British research ballistic missile, originally developed to test and verify the design of a re-entry vehicle for the Blue Streak missile.
Design work on what would become the Black Knight launch vehicle commenced in 1955, being performed by the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) and British manufacturer Saunders-Roe.
The success of the Black Knight as a cheap and successful test vehicle led to many studies being performed into further derivatives of the vehicle, including its adaption to serve as an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) and as a launch vehicle, including one proposal, which was based on the Blue Streak missile and the Black Knight, known as the Black Prince.
During the early 1950s, the UK government had identified the need to develop its own series of ballistic missiles due to advances being made in this field, particularly by the Soviet Union and the United States.
The ballistic missile was of critical importance to developing a more effective method of nuclear deterrence, replacing the role currently occupied by free-fall nuclear bombs and thus a reliance on ever-more complex, costly and capable aircraft.
A British programme to develop such a missile, named Blue Streak, was promptly initiated; however, there were key questions over the then-relatively unknown scenario of what such a vehicle would encounter when attempting re-entry to the atmosphere, there were fears that such a vehicle might simply burn up like a meteor and therefore be unachievable.
To explore the phenomenon of atmospheric entry, it was decided that a dedicated research programme would be necessary in order to acquire research information that would shape the design of subsequent ballistic vehicles.
Britain had also never previously developed a ballistic missile before, the field being relatively new and with few participants, thus there was significant value in developing and constructing a research ballistic missile in order to gain experience and data on how to design and build such vehicles, develop launch techniques, and general handling.
In 1955, due to its close relationship with the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE), the British government awarded a contract to British manufacturer Saunders-Roe to produce the Black Knight.
This contract involved a complete package for the design, development, manufacturing and testing of the vehicle as well as its flight control system, instrumentation, and supporting infrastructure for its operation.
Amongst applicable fields for the accumulated data included a greater understanding of the physics involved in re-entry vehicles, which had military value due to this scope including ballistic missiles and missile defense.
Specifically, it influenced the development of the British-built Blue Streak missile programme, while generally benefitting scientific understanding in both the United Kingdom and the United States.
While the Blue Streak missile had by this point been recognised as being too costly to serve as a competitive launcher in the face of international competition, the Black Knight was viewed as having the potential to be more cost-effective in this regard.
One of more radical ideas for reusing the Black Knight was voiced by Armstrong-Siddeley, who suggested that the rocket be repurposed as the foundations for an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM).
This proposal would have involved greatly increasing the size of the vehicle itself, and the adoption of a substantially more powerful rocket engine in place of the Gamma engine.
The RAE performed a multitude of studies on the subject of prospective derivatives of the Black Knight and its Gamma engine.
Many of these focused on the possibility of extending the vehicle to operate a launcher for small satellites and proposed the use of liquid hydrogen-fuelled upper stage, which was comparatively expensive to develop while not providing much payload capacity without redesigning of the Black Knight vehicle itself as well.
An alternative solution for satellite launches was explored by the RAE, in which solid fuel boosters would have been attached to the Black Knight.
This proposal would have involved a basically unmodified Black Knight vehicle being paired with two strap-on boosters along with two further stages in order to be capable of placing a 100 lb payload into a 200-mile-high orbit.
This envisioned more powerful Black Knight rocket was to have been used as part of a further set of planned experiments, which had been codenamed 'Crusade'.
Upon review, HM Treasury refused provide any funding for further Black Knight projects, and work on an enlarged Black Knight was abandoned in favour of the larger Black Arrow satellite launcher.
In operation, the Black Knight could attain an altitude of up to 600 miles, and achieve a re-entry velocity of 12,000 feet per second.
The Black Knight was powered by Bristol Siddeley Gamma rocket engines, designed and manufactured by Armstrong-Siddeley at their factory in Ansty, near Coventry.
Between 1956 and 1959, the Gamma rocket engines underwent testing at the High Down Rocket Test Site under the direction of Paul Leyton.
The engine ran on kerosene fuel and high-test peroxide (HTP) oxidiser; Saunders-Roe possessed prior experience of working with this fuel mixture as a result of the firm's work on the Saunders-Roe SR.53 rocket propelled interceptor aircraft.
During 1957, the first test run of the Black Knight rocket was performed at High Down on the Isle of Wight.
In September 1958, the second test launch was performed, this being the first to use the dedicated launch facility at the Woomera Test Range, Australia; the majority of Black Knight launches were performed from Woomera, leading to the launchers being constructed in the UK and then transported to Australia.
The first two launch vehicles were used as 'proving rounds': launches which lacked any payload in order to test and validate the design of the rocket itself.
The third launch of the Black Knight was the first to carry an actual payload in the form of a re-entry vehicle, which was present for the purpose of testing the properties of the re-entry body's chosen design.
All the re-entry firings deliberately took place on clear moonless nights, so that the luminous wake of the re-entry body could be observed photographically.
Heads composed of a composite asbestos-based material known as Durestos were also flown, and later tests finalised on a cone-shaped head re-entering pointed-end first, as used on many subsequent missile RVs.
The majority, 21, were fired as part of re-entry experiments; if they had been used as launch vehicles for satellites, the majority of these firing would have successfully attained orbit.
The remaining two rockets (BK02 and BK22) were preserved and are now kept on static display in museums in Edinburgh and Liverpool.
As his reputation grew, students from all over Europe flocked to him and by 1869 his house became known as the Radin Yeshiva.
Other notable works include the Sefer Shmirat HaLashon, an ethical work on the importance of guarding one's tongue and the Mishnah Berurah (1894-1907) which is a commentary on the Orach Chayim, the first section of the Shulchan Aruch, and has been accepted universally among Ashkenazi Jews as an authoritative source of Halacha.
For which, he won the 1973 Drama Desk Award for Most Promising Performer as well as the 1974 Theatre World Award, and a nomination for the 1974 Tony Award in the category for Best Supporting or Featured Actor in a Musical.
There is no single dialect that is considered the most prestigious or most prominent, and no standard writing system that covers all dialects.
Dialects of Ojibwemowin are spoken in Canada, from southwestern Quebec, through Ontario, Manitoba and parts of Saskatchewan, with outlying communities in Alberta; and in the United States, from Michigan to Wisconsin and Minnesota, with a number of communities in North Dakota and Montana, as well as groups that removed to Kansas and Oklahoma during the Indian Removal period.
While there is some variation in the classification of its dialects, at least the following are recognized, from east to west: Algonquin, Eastern Ojibwe, Ottawa (Odawa), Western Ojibwe (Saulteaux), Oji-Cree (Severn Ojibwe), Northwestern Ojibwe, and Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa).
Based upon contemporary field research, J. R. Valentine also recognizes several other dialects: Berens Ojibwe in northwestern Ontario, which he distinguishes from Northwestern Ojibwe; North of (Lake) Superior; and Nipissing.
The aggregated dialects of Ojibwemowin comprise the second most commonly spoken First Nations language in Canada (after Cree), and the fourth most widely spoken in the United States or Canada behind Navajo, the Inuit languages and Cree.
The Algonquian language family of which Ojibwemowin is a member is itself a member of the Algic language family, other Algic languages being Wiyot and Yurok.
Central Algonquian is a geographical term of convenience rather than a genetic subgroup, and its use does not indicate that the Central languages are more closely related to each other than to the other Algonquian languages.
Ojibwe communities are found in Canada from southwestern Quebec, through Ontario, southern Manitoba and parts of southern Saskatchewan; and in the United States from northern Michigan through northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota, with a number of communities in northern North Dakota and northern Montana.
Groups of speakers of the Ottawa dialect migrated to Kansas and Oklahoma during the historical period, with a small amount of linguistic documentation of the language in Oklahoma.
The Ojibwe language is reported as spoken by a total of 8,791 people in the United States of which 7,355 are Native Americans and by as many as 47,740 in Canada, making it one of the largest Algic languages by numbers of speakers.
The Red Lake, White Earth, and Leech Lake reservations are known for their tradition of singing hymns in the Ojibwe language.
Because the dialects of Ojibwe are at least partly mutually intelligible, Ojibwe is usually considered to be a single language with a number of dialects, i.e.
The degree of mutually intelligibility between nonadjacent dialects varies considerably; recent research has shown that there is strong differentiation between the Ottawa dialect spoken in southern Ontario and northern Michigan; the Severn Ojibwa dialect spoken in northern Ontario and Manitoba; and the Algonquin dialect spoken in southwestern Quebec.
Many communities adjacent to these relatively sharply differentiated dialects show a mix of transitional features, reflecting overlap with other nearby dialects.
While each of these dialects has undergone innovations that make them distinctive, their status as part of the Ojibwe language complex is not in dispute.
The relatively low degrees of mutual intelligibility between some nonadjacent Ojibwe dialects led Rhodes and Todd to suggest that Ojibwe should be analyzed as a linguistic subgroup consisting of several languages.
While there is some variation in the classification of Ojibwe dialects, at a minimum the following are recognized, proceeding west to east: Western Ojibwe (Saulteaux), Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa), Northwestern Ojibwe, Severn Ojibwe (Oji-Cree), Ottawa (Odawa), Eastern Ojibwe, and Algonquin.
Based upon contemporary field research, Valentine also recognizes several other dialects: Berens Ojibwe in northwestern Ontario, which he distinguishes from Northwestern Ojibwe; North of (Lake) Superior; and Nipissing.
Two recent analyses of the relationships between the Ojibwe dialects are in agreement on the assignment of the strongly differentiated Ottawa dialect to a separate subgroup, and the assignment of Severn Ojibwe and Algonquin to another subgroup, and differ primarily with respect to the relationships between the less strongly differentiated dialects.
Rhodes and Todd recognize several different dialectal subgroupings within Ojibwe: (a) Ottawa; (b) Severn and Algonquian; (c) a third subgroup which is further divided into (i) a subgrouping of Northwestern Ojibwe and Saulteaux, and a subgrouping consisting of Eastern Ojibwe and a further subgrouping comprising Southwestern Ojibwe and Central Ojibwe.
Documentation of such usage dates from the 18th and 19th centuries, but earlier use is likely, with reports as early as 1703 suggesting that Ojibwe was used by different groups from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to Lake Winnipeg, and from as far south as Ohio to Hudson Bay.
In the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, the eastern end of the Upper Peninsula, the area between Lake Erie and Lake Huron, and along the north shore of Georgian Bay, the Ottawa dialect served as a trade language.
A widespread pattern of asymmetrical bilingualism is found in the area south of the Great Lakes in which speakers of Potawatomi or Menominee, both Algonquian languages, also spoke Ojibwe, but Ojibwe speakers did not speak the other languages.
Other reports from the 18th century and the early 19th century indicate that speakers of the unrelated Siouan language Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) also used Ojibwe when dealing with Europeans and others.
Michif is a mixed language that primarily is based upon French and Plains Cree, with some vocabulary from Ojibwe, in addition to phonological influence in Michif-speaking communities where there is a significant Ojibwe influence.
Most dialects have the segment glottal stop in their inventory of consonant phonemes; Severn Ojibwe and the Algonquin dialect have in its place.
In some dialects, such as Severn Ojibwe, members of the fortis set are realized as a sequence of followed by a single segment drawn from the set of lenis consonants: .
Algonquin Ojibwe is reported as distinguishing fortis and lenis consonants on the basis of voicing, with fortis being voiceless and lenis being voiced.
Although they may be devoiced at the end or beginning of a word, they are less vigorously articulated than fortis consonants, and are invariably unaspirated.
All dialects of Ojibwe have two nasal consonants and , one labialized velar approximant , one palatal approximant , and either or .
Although long and short vowels are phonetically distinguished by vowel quality, recognition of vowel length in phonological representations is required, as the distinction between long and short vowels is essential for the operation of the metrical rule of vowel syncope, which characterizes the Ottawa and Eastern Ojibwe dialects, as well as for the rules that determine word stress.
There are three short vowels and three corresponding long vowels in addition to a fourth long vowel , which lacks a corresponding short vowel.
The short vowel typically has phonetic values centring on ; typically has values centring on ; and typically has values centring on .
The latter have been analysed as underlying phonemes and/or as predictable and derived by the operation of phonological rules from sequences of a long vowel and /n/ and another segment, typically /j/.
Placement of word stress is determined by metrical rules that define a characteristic iambic metrical foot, in which a weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable.
A foot consists of a minimum of one syllable and a maximum of two syllables, with each foot containing a maximum of one strong syllable.
The structure of the metrical foot defines the domain for relative prominence, in which a strong syllable is assigned stress because it is more prominent than the weak member of the foot.
Noun inflection and particularly verb inflection indicate a wide variety of grammatical information, realized through the use of prefixes and suffixes added to word stems.
Like any language dialects spanning vast regions, some words that may have had identical meaning at one time have evolved to have different meanings today.
A syllabic writing system, not related to English or French writing, is used by some Ojibwe speakers in northern Ontario and Manitoba.
It was used primarily by speakers of Fox, Potawatomi, and Winnebago, but there is some indirect evidence of use by speakers of Southwestern Ojibwe.
Although there is no standard orthography, the double vowel system is used by many Ojibwe language teachers because of its ease of use.
A wide range of materials have been published in the system, including a grammar, dictionaries, collections of texts, and pedagogical grammars.
In northern Ontario and Manitoba, Ojibwe is most commonly written using the Cree syllabary, a syllabary originally developed by Methodist missionary James Evans around 1840 in order to write Cree.
The syllabic system is based in part on Evans' knowledge of Pitman's shorthand and his prior experience developing a distinctive alphabetic writing system for Ojibwe in southern Ontario.
Recently, there has been more of a push toward bringing the Ojibwe language back into more common use, through language classes and programs sponsored by universities, sometimes available to non-students, which are essential to passing on the Ojibwe language.
These courses mainly target adults and young adults, however there are many resources for all age groups, including online games which provide domains for online language use.
Hamilton led the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan from 1949 until he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1957 general election.
After the war, he ran three times unsuccessfully as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the Canadian House of Commons in the 1945, 1949, and 1953 elections.
He was elected in 1957 in the riding of Qu'Appelle and re-elected 4 more times in 1958, 1962, 1963, and 1965.
He ran in the riding of Regina East in the 1968 federal election, and lost by 192 votes to the New Democrat candidate.
He was elected again in the 1972 federal election in the riding of Qu'Appelle—Moose Mountain and was re-elected 4 more times in 1974, 1979, 1980, and 1984.
Hamilton served as Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources in the Diefenbaker cabinet from 1957 to 1960, supporting a new vision of northern development.
From 1960 to the 1963 election, when the Diefenbaker government was defeated, Hamilton served as Minister of Agriculture, pioneering wheat sales to the People's Republic of China.
This is a rare honour for someone who did not serve as Prime Minister of Canada, Chief Justice of Canada or Governor General of Canada.
After Hamilton retired from politics in 1988, he lived a relatively secluded life in the Ottawa-area town of Manotick, where he lived until his death in 2004.
On June 28, 2007, the newly refurbished Government of Canada Building in downtown Regina, Saskatchewan, was officially named the Francis Alvin George Hamilton Building.
Also, one of the reception rooms at the Embassy of Canada to China in Beijing is called the Alvin Hamilton Room.
Edmund Davie Fulton, (March 10, 1916 – May 22, 2000) was a Canadian Rhodes Scholar, politician and judge, who was also known as E. Davie Fulton.
He was born in Kamloops, British Columbia, the son of politician/lawyer Frederick John Fulton and Winnifred M. Davie, daughter of A. E. B. Davie.
Davie Fulton served in the Second World War with the Canadian Army overseas as Platoon and Company Commander with Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, and as Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General with the 1st Canadian Infantry Division in the Italian and Northwestern Europe campaigns.
He went missing in action in late 1942, and in 1943 the Kamloops adopted the Moose Squadron in honour of its commander.
He was brought home from the war by the Conservative Party and won a seat by 100 votes in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1945 general election.
In 1949 he introduced legislation to criminalize the publication, distribution, and sale of crime comics, as the result of a murder by two Yukon teens that was blamed on the influence of the crime comics which the perpetrators had read.
He ran for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada at the 1956 leadership convention, placing third behind John Diefenbaker.
He resigned from Cabinet in 1963, when he decided to leave federal politics and take the leadership of the British Columbia Progressive Conservative Party.
His efforts to revive the provincial Tories in BC were a failure, and he returned to the House of Commons in the 1965 election.
Fulton stood as a candidate at the 1967 federal PC leadership convention, and placed third behind Robert Stanfield and Dufferin Roblin.
Their peoples have become members of federally recognized tribes throughout their traditional areas of settlement, often colocated with the Northern Paiute people of the Great Basin.
The largest numbers of Shoshoni speakers live on the federally recognized Duck Valley Indian Reservation, located on the border of Nevada and Idaho; and Goshute Reservation in Utah.
The Shoshone are a Native American tribe, who originated in the western Great Basin and spread north and east into present-day Idaho and Wyoming.
The Northern Shoshone, led by Chief Pocatello, fought during the 1860s with settlers in Idaho (where the city Pocatello was named for him).
The warfare resulted in the Bear River Massacre (1863) when US forces attacked and killed an estimated 410 Northwestern Shoshone, who were at their winter encampment.
When the Shoshone, along with the Utes participated in attacks on the mail route that ran west out of Fort Laramie, the mail route had to be relocated south of the trail through Wyoming.
Allied with the Bannock, to whom they were related, the Shoshone fought against the United States in the Snake War from 1864 to 1868.
In 1876, by contrast, the Shoshone fought alongside the U.S. Army in the Battle of the Rosebud against their traditional enemies, the Lakota and Cheyenne.
A rancher donated the partial remains of three adult males, two adult females, two adolescent males, and three children (believed to be Shoshone Mike and his family, according to contemporary accounts) to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC for study.
In 2008 the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation acquired the site of the Bear River Massacre and some surrounding land.
They wanted to protect the holy land and to build a memorial to the massacre, the largest their nation had suffered.
In 1845 the estimated population of Northern and Western Shoshone was 4,500, much reduced after they had suffered infectious disease epidemics and warfare.
The completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 was followed by European-American immigrants arriving in unprecedented numbers in the territory.
Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness as well as various other possible disorders.
Wolfram syndrome was initially thought to be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction due to its symptoms and several reports of mitochondrial mutations.
The WFS1 gene is active in cells throughout the body, with strong activity in the heart, brain, lungs, inner ear, and pancreas.
Among its many activities, the endoplasmic reticulum folds and modifies newly formed proteins so they have the correct 3-dimensional shape to function properly.
The endoplasmic reticulum also helps transport proteins, fats, and other materials to specific sites within the cell or to the cell surface.
In the pancreas, wolframin may help fold a protein precursor of insulin (called proinsulin) into the mature hormone that controls blood glucose levels.
Research findings also suggest that wolframin may help maintain the correct cellular level of charged calcium atoms (calcium ions) by controlling how much is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum.
In the inner ear, wolframin may help maintain the proper levels of calcium ions or other charged particles that are essential for hearing.
More than 30 WFS1 mutations have been identified in individuals with a form of nonsyndromic deafness (hearing loss without related signs and symptoms affecting other parts of the body) called DFNA6.
DFNA6 hearing loss is unlike most forms of nonsyndromic deafness that affect high tones (high-frequency sounds), such as birds chirping, or all frequencies of sound.
Most WFS1 mutations replace one of the protein building blocks (amino acids) used to make wolframin with an incorrect amino acid.
Some researchers suggest that altered wolframin disturbs the balance of charged particles in the inner ear, which interferes with the hearing process.
This syndrome is characterised by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), which results from the improper control of glucose due to the lack of insulin; a gradual loss of vision caused by optic atrophy (OA), in which the nerve that connects the eye to the brain wastes away; and deafness (D).
Researchers suggest that the loss of wolframin disrupts the production of insulin, which leads to poor glucose control and diabetes mellitus.
Patients past medical history can help diagnosis as it may indicate symptoms such as having diabetes mellitus and then developing vision loss.
Desmopressin to treat diabetes insipidus, antibiotics for UTI, hearing aids of cochlear implants for hearing loss and supportive aids for visual loss such as magnifying glasses.
New treatment advances include research evaluating ER calcium stabilizers and repurposed drugs/small molecules to reduce ER stress and reduce apoptosis, thus slowing progression of Wolfram syndrome.
A three tiered approach toward the treatment of Wolfram syndrome includes stopping disease progression, protecting and regrowing remaining tissue, and replacing and repairing pathogenic genes.
Research for designing therapeutic trials is ongoing via the Washington University Wolfram Study Group, supported by The Ellie White Foundation for Rare Genetic Disorders and The Jack and J.T.
The search for an ER calcium stabilizer and a molecular prosthetic is ongoing Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium levels are lower in patients with Wolfram syndrome, leading to cell dysfunction and death.
Research is currently underway to evaluate several possible repurposed drugs and small molecules to reduce ER stress in Wolfram syndrome and slow progression of the disease.
In Numbers chapter 12, Miriam gossips with her brother Aaron, questioning why Moses is more qualified to lead the Jewish people than anyone else.
There are times when a person is permitted or even required to disclose information whether or not the information is disparaging.
When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier.
Ink rollers transfer ink to the image areas of the image carrier, while a water roller applies a water-based film to the non-image areas.
Development of the offset press came in two versions: in 1875 by Robert Barclay of England for printing on tin, and in 1904 by Ira Washington Rubel of the United States for printing on paper.
Tin cans were popular packaging materials in the 19th century, but transfer technologies were required before the lithographic process could be used to print on the tin.
This development combined mid-19th century transfer printing technologies and Richard March Hoe's 1843 rotary printing press—a press that used a metal cylinder instead of a flat stone.
The offset cylinder was covered with specially treated cardboard that transferred the printed image from the stone to the surface of the metal.
Many printers, including Ira Washington Rubel of New Jersey, were using the low-cost lithograph process to produce copies of photographs and books.
Rubel discovered in 1901—by forgetting to load a sheet—that printing from the rubber roller, instead of the metal, made the printed page clearer and sharper.
Newspaper publisher Staley T. McBrayer invented the Vanguard web offset press for newspaper printing, which he unveiled in 1954 in Fort Worth, Texas.
This includes converting to the proper CMYK color model, finalizing the files, and creating plates for each color of the job to be run on the press.
Compared to other printing methods, offset printing is best suited for economically producing large volumes of high quality prints in a manner that requires little maintenance.
Computer-to-plate (CTP) is a newer technology which replaced computer-to-film (CTF) technology, and that allows the imaging of metal or polyester plates without the use of film.
By eliminating the stripping, compositing, and traditional plate making processes, CTP altered the printing industry, which led to reduced prepress times, lower costs of labor, and improved print quality.
However often the violet CTP systems are cheaper than thermal ones, and thermal CTP systems do not need to be operated under yellow light.
Thermal CTP involves the use of thermal lasers to expose or remove areas of coating while the plate is being imaged.
These lasers are generally at a wavelength of 830 nm, but vary in their energy usage depending on whether they are used to expose or ablate material.
Sheet-fed refers to individual sheets of paper or rolls being fed into a press via a suction bar that lifts and drops each sheet onto place.
Sheet-fed presses use mechanical registration to relate each sheet to one another to ensure that they are reproduced with the same imagery in the same position on every sheet running through the press.
A perfecting press, also known as a duplex press, is one that can print on both sides of the paper at the same time.
Web and sheet-fed offset presses are similar in that many of them can also print on both sides of the paper in one pass, making it easier and faster to print duplex.
Small offset lithographic presses that are used for fast, good quality reproduction of one-color and two-color copies in sizes up to 12″ by 18″.
This is where the substrate is loaded and then the system is correctly set up to the certain specifications of the substrate to the press.
Heatset presses can print on both coated (slick) and uncoated papers, while coldset presses are restricted to uncoated paper stock, such as newsprint.
Some coldset web presses can be fitted with heat dryers, or ultraviolet lamps (for use with UV-curing inks), thus enabling a newspaper press to print color pages heatset and black & white pages coldset.
Speed is a determining factor when considering the completion time for press production; some web presses print at speeds of 3,000 feet (915 meters) per minute or faster.
In addition to the benefits of speed and quick completion, some web presses have the inline ability to cut, perforate, and fold.
This subset of web offset printing uses inks which dry by evaporation in a dryer typically positioned just after the printing units; it is typically done on coated papers, where the ink stays largely on the surface, and gives a glossy high contrast print image after the drying.
The speed at which the ink dries is a function of dryer temperature and length of time the paper is exposed to this temperature.
Because individual sheets are fed through, a large number of sheet sizes and format sizes can be run through the same press.
This allows for lower cost preparation so that good paper is not wasted while setting up the press, for plates and inks.
Waste sheets do bring some disadvantages as often there are dust and offset powder particles that transfer on to the blankets and plate cylinders, creating imperfections on the printed sheet.
Web-fed presses, on the other hand, are much faster than sheet-fed presses, with speeds up to 80,000 cut-offs per hour (a cut-off is the paper that has been cut off a reel or web on the press; the length of each sheet is equal to the cylinder's circumference).
There are many types of paste inks available for utilization in offset lithographic printing and each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Cold-set inks are set simply by absorption into non-coated stocks and are generally used for newspapers and books but are also found in insert printing and are the most economical option.
If ink and water are not properly balanced, the press operator may end up with many different problems affecting the quality of the finished product, such as emulsification (the water overpowering and mixing with the ink).
This leads to scumming, catchup, trapping problems, ink density issues and in extreme cases the ink not properly drying on the paper; resulting in the job being unfit for delivery to the client.
With the proper balance, the job will have the correct ink density and should need little further adjustment except for minor ones.
In this case the machinist will gradually increase the water as the press heats up to compensate for the increased evaporation of water.
Alcohol is added to the water to lower the surface tension and help cool the press a bit so the ink stays stable so it can set and dry fast.
While the acid fountain solution has improved in the last several decades, neutral and alkaline fountain solutions have also been developed.
Since about 2000, alkaline-based fountain solutions have become less common due to the inherent health hazards of high pH and the objectionable odor of the necessary microbiological additives.
Acid-based fountain solutions are still the most common variety and yield the best quality results by means of superior protection of the printing plate, lower dot gains, and longer plate life.
However, because these products require more active ingredients to run well than do neutrals and alkalines, they are also the most expensive to produce.
However, neutrals and, to a lesser degree, alkalines are still an industry staple and will continue to be used for most newspapers and many lower-quality inserts.
Substantial investment in the larger presses required for offset lithography was needed, and had an effect on the shape of the printing industry, leading to fewer, larger, printers.
Crookes & Crosspool ward—which includes the districts of Crookes, Steelbank, Crosspool, and Sandygate —is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England.
The current councillors for Crookes and Crosspool Ward are Labour's Anne Murphy, and the Liberal Democrats’ Tim Huggan and Mohammed Mahroof.
In the 2004 local elections Sylvia Anginotti, John Hesketh, and Brian Holmes, all Liberal Democrats, were returned as councillors for the newly drawn ward.
In the 2016 local elections that took place under redrawn boundaries, Labour’s Ann Murphy were returned along with the Liberal Democrats’ Adam Hanrahan.
In 2018 Mohammed Mahroof defeated Labour’s Craig Gamble-Pugh, leaving Anne Murphy as the only Labour Councillor within the Sheffield Hallam Constituency.
It borders Broomhill to the south, Walkley and Crookesmoor to the east and open countryside around the River Rivelin to the north.
It is home to a large student population from the nearby University of Sheffield, and contained the university's Tapton Hall of Residence until this was demolished in 2014.
Roads on Steel Bank are Western Road, Brighton Terrace Road, Melbourn Road, Mona Road, and the very steep Townend Street and Bates Street.
It is home to the oldest football ground in the world, Sandygate Road, which has been home to Hallam C.C since 1804 and Hallam F.C.
It is part of Deep Bay, an internationally significant wetland that is actually a shallow estuary, at the mouths of Sham Chun River, Shan Pui River (Yuen Long Creek) and Tin Shui Wai Nullah.
Inner Deep Bay is listed as a Ramsar site under Ramsar Convention in 1995, and supports globally important numbers of wetland birds, which chiefly arrive in winter and during spring and autumn migrations.
The education center and natural conservation area is wide and its surrounding wetland has an area of 1500 acres (6 km).
The reserve is managed by the World Wide Fund for Nature Hong Kong since 1983; the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has responsibilities for the Ramsar site as a whole.
Deep Bay faces threats, including pollution, and rising mudflat levels that perhaps arise from intense urbanization, especially (in recent years) on the north, Shenzhen side of the bay.
It also has inter-tidal mangroves along with 24 traditionally operated shrimp ponds (called Gei Wai locally) to provide food for the birds.
While the area was taken out of the Frontier Closed Area on 15 February 2012, Mai Po Nature Reserve remains a restricted area under the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Chapter 170) in order to minimize disturbance to wildlife.
Visitors need a 'Mai Po Marshes Entry Permit' to enter the Reserve which they can apply for by writing to the Agriculture, Fisheries & Conservation Department of Hong Kong Government.
Not only was  the species new to science, but it was also the first time for the genus Pteroptyx has been recorded in China.
To understand the seasonal population changes, distribution and habitat requirements of the species, WWF Hong Kong have been carrying out firefly surveys of the nature reserve.
The surveys have also incorporated Citizen Science participation, and using this approach to further monitor the biodiversity, WWF have incorporated iNaturalist and the City Nature Challenge into activities at their Mai Po centre.
In February 2008, the Hong Kong government closed Mai Po for 21 days following the discovery of a great egret infected with H5N1, also known as avian flu.
The closing marked the fourth in as many years and was consistent with the government's policy of closing Mai Po whenever an infection is discovered within a 3 kilometer radius of the premises.
The World Wide Fund for Nature criticized the government, however, for what it called a discrepancy between the standards for closing Mai Po and the comparably less strict standards applied in urban areas.
The oldest records date back to 1241 in the Danish Census Book, when it was said that it was a small village with 8 acres of cultivated fields.
The old stone church was demolished in the late 19th century and a new one was built in a Romanesque style, one of the purest examples of this style in all of Estonia.
During this time period, a number of social societies were established, such as the Volunteer Fire Company, the Song and Music Society, the Society of Agriculture, a Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a Consumer Association, and the Deposit Insurance Fund.
The Fulton–Favreau formula was a proposed formula of amendment of the Constitution of Canada developed by federal justice minister E. Davie Fulton and Quebec Liberal Guy Favreau in the 1960s.
Under the formula, all provinces would have to approve amendments that would be relevant to provincial jurisdiction including the use of the French and English languages, but only the relevant provinces would be needed to approve amendments concerned with a particular region of Canada.
Two-thirds of the provinces representing half of the population, as well as the federal Parliament, would be needed for amendments regarding education.
In turn, Lesage argued he was merely pushing for Quebec and French Canada to fully develop their rightful roles within Canada.
This would make the jurisdictional issue amendable only by unanimity, which would potentially threaten growth of labour legislation, medicare and other social services.
Though the formula officially died in 1965 when Quebec Premier Lesage withdrew his support, a modified version of this formula was finally adopted in 1982, with the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1982 and the patriation of the Canadian Constitution.
Soil liquefaction occurs when a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid.
If the soil is saturated by water, a condition that often exists when the soil is below the water table or sea level, then water fills the gaps between soil grains ('pore spaces').
In response to soil compressing, the pore water pressure increases and the water attempts to flow out from the soil to zones of low pressure (usually upward towards the ground surface).
earthquake shaking, storm wave loading) such that the water does not flow out before the next cycle of load is applied, the water pressures may build to the extent that it exceeds the force (contact stresses) between the grains of soil that keep them in contact.
These contacts between grains are the means by which the weight from buildings and overlying soil layers is transferred from the ground surface to layers of soil or rock at greater depths.
This loss of soil structure causes it to lose its strength (the ability to transfer shear stress), and it may be observed to flow like a liquid (hence 'liquefaction').
Although the effects of liquefaction have been long understood, engineers took more notice after the 1964 Niigata earthquake and 1964 Alaska earthquake.
It was a major factor in the destruction in San Francisco's Marina District during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, and in Port of Kobe during the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake.
More recently liquefaction was largely responsible for extensive damage to residential properties in the eastern suburbs and satellite townships of Christchurch, New Zealand during the 2010 Canterbury earthquake and more extensively again following the Christchurch earthquakes that followed in early and mid-2011.
The government of Indonesia is considering designating the two neighborhoods of Balaroa and Petobo, that have been totally buried under mud, as mass graves.
The building codes in many countries require engineers to consider the effects of soil liquefaction in the design of new buildings and infrastructure such as bridges, embankment dams and retaining structures.
a single, sudden occurrence of a change in stress – examples include an increase in load on an embankment or sudden loss of toe support) or cyclic loading (i.e.
In both cases a soil in a saturated loose state, and one which may generate significant pore water pressure on a change in load are the most likely to liquefy.
This is because loose soil has the tendency to compress when sheared, generating large excess porewater pressure as load is transferred from the soil skeleton to adjacent pore water during undrained loading.
A 'flow failure' may initiate if the strength of the soil is reduced below the stresses required to maintain the equilibrium of a slope or footing of a structure.
Casagrande referred to this type of phenomena as 'flow liquefaction' although a state of zero effective stress is not required for this to occur.
This is a soil test-based definition, usually performed via cyclic triaxial, cyclic direct simple shear, or cyclic torsional shear type apparatus.
These tests are performed to determine a soil's resistance to liquefaction by observing the number of cycles of loading at a particular shear stress amplitude required to induce 'fails'.
Liquefaction is more likely to occur in loose to moderately saturated granular soils with poor drainage, such as silty sands or sands and gravels containing impermeable sediments.
seismic loading, loose sands tend to decrease in volume, which produces an increase in their pore water pressures and consequently a decrease in shear strength, i.e.
Deposits most susceptible to liquefaction are young (Holocene-age, deposited within the last 10,000 years) sands and silts of similar grain size (well-sorted), in beds at least metres thick, and saturated with water.
loose sands, can be triggered to collapse, either monotonically or cyclically, if the static shear stress is greater than the ultimate or steady-state shear strength of the soil.
Deformation during cyclic loading depends on the density of the soil, the magnitude and duration of the cyclic loading, and amount of shear stress reversal.
The resistance of the cohesionless soil to liquefaction will depend on the density of the soil, confining stresses, soil structure (fabric, age and cementation), the magnitude and duration of the cyclic loading, and the extent to which shear stress reversal occurs.
Such earthquake ground deformations can be categorized as primary deformation if located on or close to the ruptured fault, or distributed deformation if located at considerable distance from the ruptured fault.
The other common observation is land instability – cracking and movement of the ground down slope or towards unsupported margins of rivers, streams, or the coast.
The failure of ground in this manner is called 'lateral spreading', and may occur on very shallow slopes with angles only 1 or 2 degrees from the horizontal.
One positive aspect of soil liquefaction is the tendency for the effects of earthquake shaking to be significantly damped (reduced) for the remainder of the earthquake.
This is because liquids do not support a shear stress and so once the soil liquefies due to shaking, subsequent earthquake shaking (transferred through ground by shear waves) is not transferred to buildings at the ground surface.
Studies of liquefaction features left by prehistoric earthquakes, called paleoliquefaction or paleoseismology, can reveal information about earthquakes that occurred before records were kept or accurate measurements could be taken.
Buildings whose foundations bear directly on sand which liquefies will experience a sudden loss of support, which will result in drastic and irregular settlement of the building causing structural damage, including cracking of foundations and damage to the building structure, or leaving the structure unserviceable, even without structural damage.
Where a thin crust of non-liquefied soil exists between building foundation and liquefied soil, a 'punching shear' type foundation failure may occur.
The upward pressure applied by the movement of liquefied soil through the crust layer can crack weak foundation slabs and enter buildings through service ducts, and may allow water to damage building contents and electrical services.
Bridges and large buildings constructed on pile foundations may lose support from the adjacent soil and buckle, or come to rest at a tilt.
Sloping ground and ground next to rivers and lakes may slide on a liquefied soil layer (termed 'lateral spreading'), opening large cracks or fissures in the ground, and can cause significant damage to buildings, bridges, roads and services such as water, natural gas, sewerage, power and telecommunications installed in the affected ground.
Earth embankments such as flood levees and earth dams may lose stability or collapse if the material comprising the embankment or its foundation liquefies.
Over geological time, liquefaction of soil material due to earthquakes could provide a dense parent material in which the fragipan may develop through pedogenesis.
Mitigation methods have been devised by earthquake engineers and include various soil compaction techniques such as vibro compaction (compaction of the soil by depth vibrators), dynamic compaction, and vibro stone columns.
Existing buildings can be mitigated by injecting grout into the soil to stabilize the layer of soil that is subject to liquefaction.
When the water trapped in the batch of sand cannot escape, it creates liquefied soil that can no longer resist force.
In the case of flowing underground water, the force of the water flow opposes the force of gravity, causing the granules of sand to be more buoyant.
In both cases, the liquefied surface loses strength, causing buildings or other objects on that surface to sink or fall over.
The saturated sediment may appear quite solid until a change in pressure or a shock initiates the liquefaction, causing the sand to form a suspension with each grain surrounded by a thin film of water.
The clay retains a solid structure despite its high water content (up to 80% by volume), because surface tension holds water-coated flakes of clay together.
Quick clay is found only in northern countries such as Russia, Canada, Alaska in the U.S., Norway, Sweden and Finland, which were glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch.
Investigators suggested that a 60-mile-per-hour (100 km/h) submarine landslide or turbidity current of water-saturated sediments swept 400 miles (600 km) down the continental slope from the earthquake's epicenter, snapping the cables as it passed.
He served in World War I and commanded a company of the 10th Battalion at Battle of Vimy Ridge where he came out unscathed.
MacPherson Avenue in Regina, Saskatchewan was later named in his honour, and is an official memorial of the Canadian Department of National Defence.
MacPherson was first elected to the Saskatchewan legislative assembly in 1924, and remained a member of the Legislative Assembly until his defeat in the 1934 provincial election that wiped out the Conservative Party.
In 1938 and again in 1942, he was a candidate at the federal Conservative leadership conventions, coming in second place on both occasions.
One of his three sons, Murdoch Alexander MacPherson Jr. born in 1916, was a pillar of the local Progressive Conservative Party and of the non-concurring First Presbyterian congregation.
He served as a justice of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench from 1961 to 1981; during this time, he sat on the custody case of Colin Thatcher.
's second son, Ian, served in the Indian Army during the Second World War and after being promoted to the rank of acting Lieutenant-Colonel, was killed in action near Mawlu in Burma in April 1944.
The usual taxonomic practice is that the individuals classified within the form are not necessarily known to be closely related (they may not form a clade).
There are theoretically countless numbers of forms based on minor genetic differences, and only a few that have particular significance are likely to be named.
The roots of the company date back to 1923, when William Warder Norton founded the firm with his wife Mary Dows Herter Norton, and became its first president.
Storer D. Lunt took over in 1945 after Norton's death, and was succeeded by George Brockway (1957–1976), Donald S. Lamm (1976–1994), W. Drake McFeely (1994–2017), and Julia A. Reidhead (2017–present).
W. W. Norton & Company is an employee-owned publisher in the United States, which publishes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, college textbooks, cookbooks, art books, and professional books.
Norton Anthologies offer general headnotes on each author, a general introduction to each period of literature, and annotations for every anthologized text.
Like Oxford World's Classics and Penguin Classics, Norton Critical Editions provide reprints of classic literature and in some cases, classic non-fiction works.
However, unlike most critical editions, all Norton Critical Editions provide a selection of contextual documents, and critical essays along with an edited text.
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Conservative Member of Parliament for York East in the 1921 federal election.
Harris represented the ridings of York East, Toronto—Scarborough and Danforth as a Member of Parliament in Canada for over 21 years.
As a resident of East Toronto, Harris activities and interests were many, characteristic of his interest in his fellow man and the welfare of the community he served, Harris was a spark for the campaign for funds for the Toronto East General Hospital in East York.
In this capacity, he acted as chairman of the board of governors for over twenty years, during this period his leadership and guidance were a tower of strength to the board during the establishment of policy and direction of the hospital.
More recently, his work has been discussed by prominent figures in anglophone philosophy and sociology such as Alasdair MacIntyre, Robert Stern, Simon Critchley and Zygmunt Bauman.
Løgstrup studied theology at the University of Copenhagen between 1923–30, though his interests tended towards the philosophical aspects of the discipline.
He subsequently studied under a number of prominent teachers in Strasbourg (Jean Hering), Paris (Henri Bergson), Göttingen (Hans Lipps and Friedrich Gogarten), Freiburg im Breisgau (Martin Heidegger), Vienna (Moritz Schlick) and Tübingen.
Though Løgstrup was at Strasbourg when Emmanuel Levinas – to whom his work is often compared – was a student there, there is no evidence to suggest he and Levinas encountered one another.
The following year he took up a position as a parish priest in Funen and continued to work on his dissertation, a critique of idealist epistemology.
From the 1930s, Løgstrup was a member of Tidehverv, a strongly anti-pietist movement within the Danish Church which at the time espoused a dialectical theology heavily influenced by Kierkegaard.
However he drifted increasingly further from the group (and from its interpretation of Kierkegaard, particularly as espoused by ) and broke with the movement in the early 1950s.
Such principles and norms cannot simply be ignored, and they may make us act as we would have done had we realized the ethical demand; for that reason they are morally useful.
But ultimately they are only a substitute for genuinely realizing the ethical, not constitutive of doing so as mainstream moral philosophy assumes.
Trust, for Løgstrup, is conceptually prior to distrust: the basic attitude built into discourse is a trust in the sincerity of the interlocutor, and hence it is only gradually that we learn to distrust others.
He continued to insist that while virtues, character traits, and duties could usefully provide 'substitute' motives for moral action, these were always secondary: the ethical demand requires a spontaneous loving response to the other.
For Løgstrup, this increasing universalisation leads to a 'moralism' that abstracts from the concrete situation and the needs of the actual person.
These phenomena present themselves to us, according to Løgstrup, as intrinsically good, rather than as neutral phenomena we need to evaluate against an external standard.
They do not emanate from the agent, but from life itself, and demand submission rather than application (as with principles) or cultivation (as with virtues).
Born in Toronto, Ontario, son of Walter Edward Massey (and Susan Marie Denton Massey) and the grandson of the founder of the Massey agricultural manufacturing company, Hart Massey, he attended St. Andrew's College in Aurora, Ontario and the University of Toronto, where he became a member of The Kappa Alpha Society, before attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a degree in engineering in 1923.
He served in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative MP for the Toronto riding of Greenwood from 1935 to 1949 and was, in 1938, an unsuccessful candidate at the Conservative leadership convention.
He served at St. Paul's Anglican Church in Point Edward, Ontario from 1960 to 1963 and the Church of the Holy Saviour in Waterloo, Ontario from 1963 to 1970.
At night time, and in daytime in the warmer months, the street is filled with visitors, often including LGBT tourists from all over the world.
The northern end of the street meets Minshull Street and the southern meets Princess Street; part of the street looks across the Rochdale Canal into Sackville Gardens.
The area along the canal was perfect for gay men to meet clandestinely as it was dark and unvisited, but was near to good transport links such as Oxford Road and Piccadilly railway stations.
Anderton, when questioned about the policing of the Canal Street area, denied that he was motivated by anti-gay prejudice and was merely enforcing the law on sexual activity in public toilets.
The opening of Manto in 1990 was regarded as a catalyst for the development of many of the current style of bars and clubs in the Village.
It was created when Carol Ainscow, a gay property developer, alongside her business partner Peter Dalton, bought a garage repair building on Canal Street.
Despite this, she stated that for the first six months of business, Manto was continually losing money due to people's fear of being seen in there.
This included major support for the Mardi Gras, purchase of the Sackville Street Gardens in 1990, and becoming the first UK council to support civil partnerships.
The Village has been unified by issues regarding the gay community, such as Section 28 in the run-up to it becoming law in 1988 and the period thereafter.
Unlike the other gay bars at that time, Manto had large glass windows, allowing the casual passer-by to view what was going on inside.
Over the next decade, more numerous and larger bars opened along the canal side, turning Canal Street into the centre of the most successful gay village in Europe, including Via Fossa, Velvet, Eden and AXM.
A boycott was launched of a new Slug and Lettuce bar by the village community because of the chain's refusal to support Manchester Pride, eventually leading to its closure.
With clubs, pubs and restaurants, the village has also become the focus of many a night out for students, hen parties and friends on a weekend away.
Earlier in the year there was controversy over club door policies and there were fears that Canal Street’s role in the LGBT community was being diluted.
Manto was one of the most iconic bars in the area, having been a fixture on the street for 22 years.
This change in the types of clientele attending or moving in and out of the area in recent years is believed to have led to a number of homophobic attacks such as the one on Simon Brass, who was thrown into the canal and left to drown by a gang of muggers in June 2013.
It has been introduced into the Great Lakes of North America, reportedly with unfortunate results, as it is invasive and is reproducing faster than other species.
The ruffe's colors and markings are similar to those of the walleye, an olive-brown to golden-brown color on its back, paler on the sides with yellowish white undersides.
It also has two fins on top, the front fin has hard and sharp spines, the back fin has soft spines called rays.
The species occurs in the basins of the Caspian, Black, Aral, Baltic and North Sea, and is also found in Great Britain, parts of Scandinavia and some regions of the Arctic Ocean basin eastward to the drainage of the Kolyma.
It has been introduced to parts of Western Europe (France, northern Italy) and Greece, as well as to the North American Great Lakes.
In Eurasia, the ruffe diet mainly consists of zoobenthos: chironomids, small aquatic bugs and larvae, which are all found in the benthic zone of the water column.
As far as researchers have been able to learn, it has kept the same diet in its transfer to the Great Lakes.
A ruffe usually matures in two to three years, but a ruffe that lives in warmer waters has the ability to reproduce in the first year of life.
If the same female has a second batch in the same season, the eggs will be smaller than the first batch.
The size of the second batch of eggs is about 0.36 to 0.47 mm, while the first batch of eggs goes from 0.90 to 1.21 mm in size.
If the female lays twice in one season, there is usually one in late winter/early spring and one in late summer.
One week after the hatching, the young ruffe start to swim and feed actively, but they do not form schools at this age.
This fish's invasion of the lake has not only caused problems with space, but competing with other fish for food supply.
This fish is unique in its ability to adapt in many habitats and temperatures, resulting in success despite such factors as climate change or other biological changes.
These develop into more advanced and sensitive organs as the fish matures; of note, the perch's neuromasts weaken as it matures.
The ruffe is the first invasive species to have been classified as a nuisance by the Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Program.
Along with it being the most populous fish in the St. Louis river basin, it has disrupted ecosystems all across the Great Lakes.
They suggest that the fish was introduced to the lake via ballast water that was dumped into the Duluth, Minnesota, harbor by anchored freight ships.
Ever since the ruffe were detected, studies have shown that the ruffe and the yellow perch are closely related and are quickly becoming rivals.
The ruffe and perch are competing in numbers and are also competing for food; this is a match that the ruffe are winning.
Ever since the ruffe was introduced into the Great Lakes system, scientists and fishery managers have been searching for the right way to get rid of them.
In the beginning, the main method of control was to increase the Walleye and Northern Pike populations, because they are natural predators of the ruffe.
Ruffe became the principal food item for the three main fish predators found in the area, the great cormorant, grey heron and northern pike.
Hampden regularly hosts the latter stages of the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup competitions and has also been used for music concerts and other sporting events, such as when it was reconfigured as an athletics stadium for the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
The record attendance of 149,415, for a Scotland v England match in 1937, is the European record for an international football match.
Hampden has hosted prestigious sporting events, including three European Cup / Champions League finals, two Cup Winners' Cup finals and a UEFA Cup final.
Hampden is a UEFA category four stadium and it is served by the nearby Mount Florida and King's Park railway stations.
The first Hampden Park was overlooked by a nearby terrace named after Englishman John Hampden, who fought for the roundheads in the English Civil War.
Queen's Park played at the first Hampden Park for 10 years beginning with a Scottish Cup tie on 25 October 1873.
The club moved to the second Hampden Park, 150 yards from the original, because the Cathcart District Railway planned a new line through the site of the ground's western terrace.
It became a regular home to the Scottish Cup Final, but Celtic Park shared some of the big matches including the Scotland v England fixture in 1894.
Construction of the new ground took over three years to complete; during construction, a disaster occurred at Ibrox in which part of the wooden terraces collapsed.
Third Lanark went out of business in 1967 and Cathkin Park is now a public park with much of the original terracing still evident.
Hampden Park was the biggest stadium in the world from its opening in 1903 until it was surpassed by the Maracanã in 1950.
Along with Celtic Park and Ibrox, the city of Glasgow possessed the three largest football stadia in the world at the time Hampden opened.
The first Scottish Cup Final played at the ground was an Old Firm match in 1904, attracting a record Scottish crowd of 64,672.
The first Scotland v England match at the ground was played in April 1906 with 102,741 people in attendance, which established Hampden as the primary home of the Scotland team.
After the second match there was a riot because there was confusion over what would happen next when the second match also ended in a draw.
The fans believed that the replay would be played to a conclusion and demanded that a period of extra time be played.
A fire in 1914 destroyed the pavilion, which was replaced by a four-storey structure with a press box on the roof.
The Scottish Cup Final returned to Hampden in 1920, when a large crowd of 95,000 saw Kilmarnock win the cup against Albion Rovers.
Record crowds attended the 1925 Scottish Cup Final, a 5–0 win for Celtic against Rangers, and the 1927 Scotland v England match, England's first win in the stadium.
Hampden became the sole venue of the Scottish Cup Final after 1925 except in the 1990s when it was being renovated.
In 1933, Austria, who had beaten Scotland 5–0 in Vienna in 1931, became the first foreign national side to visit Hampden Park.
Further ground improvements increased the official capacity of the ground to 183,388 in 1937, but the SFA were only allowed to issue 150,000 tickets for games.
The 1937 Scotland v England match had an official attendance of 149,415, but at least 20,000 more people entered the ground without tickets.
A week later the 1937 Scottish Cup Final between Celtic and Aberdeen drew an official crowd of 147,365, with 20,000 more people locked outside.
During the Second World War, matches at heavily attended grounds were initially prohibited due to the fear of aerial bombing by the Luftwaffe.
Scottish national league and cup competitions were suspended for the duration of the war, but regional league and cup competitions were established in their place.
Attendance was initially restricted to 50 percent of capacity; therefore, when 75,000 attended a wartime cup final in May 1940, it was the maximum permitted.
A government official presented an order demanding that both the Hampden and Lesser Hampden pitches be ploughed and used to plant vegetables, but the Queen's Park committee chose to ignore the order and the government did not pursue it.
During the post-war attendance boom, Hampden was the only stadium big enough to host the crowds who wanted to see the team.
The re-entry of the Home Nations into FIFA in 1947 was marked by a match between a Great Britain and a Rest of Europe select on 10 May 1947.
Unusually, a league match between Third Lanark and Hibernian was played immediately afterwards at Hampden because Cathkin Park was undergoing repair work.
The first FIFA World Cup qualification match played at Hampden was a 2–0 win for Scotland against Wales on 9 November 1949; this match was also part of the 1950 British Home Championship.
The win appeared to guarantee Scotland qualification for the 1950 FIFA World Cup because the top two finishers in the Championship were offered places in the tournament, but the SFA decreed that they would only send a team if they were British champions.
Four major clubs from each of Scotland and England were invited, with the Old Firm clubs playing their matches at Hampden.
The Scots put up a good fight against one of the most outstanding teams in the world at the time, but eventually lost 4–2.
Scotland qualified for the 1958 FIFA World Cup by defeating Spain, including Luis Suarez, Ladislao Kubala and Alfredo Di Stéfano, at Hampden.
The attendances for each of these finals was less than 50,000, and the SFA did not offer to host another European final until the 1976 European Cup Final, in which Bayern Munich defeated St Etienne.
St Etienne believed that two of their efforts which hit the square crossbar and rebounded into play would have resulted in goals if it had been round.
After Celtic won the 1967 European Cup Final, the home leg of their Intercontinental Cup tie against Racing Club was held at Hampden.
Celtic chose to move their home leg of the tie from their Celtic Park home to Hampden, which had a far greater capacity.
A crowd of 136,505, a record for any match in UEFA competition, saw Celtic win 2–1 (3–1 on aggregate) to advance to the 1970 European Cup Final.
A fire was deliberately started in the south stand in October 1968, destroying offices, 1,400 seats and one of the team dressing rooms.
A benefit match was played at Hampden, while the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 compelled stadium authorities to obtain licences from local officials, impose crowd segregation and restrict attendances.
Scotland played a friendly match against world champions Argentina in 1979; the talented, 18-year-old Diego Maradona scored a goal in a 3–1 win for the visitors.
As an amateur club, Queen's Park could not possibly fund the works, while Glasgow District Council withdrew funding and the UK Government decided not to fund it either.
The first phase of the redevelopment involved the demolition of the North Stand, the concreting of all terraces and the building of a block of turnstiles around the upper section of the East Terrace.
A second phase had been planned to begin in 1988, but the release of the Taylor Report caused the plans to be redrawn and the proposed costs escalated to £25 million.
After the cancellation of the annual Scotland v England fixture in 1989, questions were raised as to whether Scottish football required a separate national stadium.
The West Terrace was converted to seating in 1991 for only £700,000, but this left two terraces and therefore disqualified Hampden from hosting FIFA World Cup qualification matches.
The UK Government eventually provided a grant of £3.5 million in 1992, which allowed work to begin on a £12 million project to convert Hampden into an all-seater stadium.
Within a year, the east and north parts of the ground had been converted from terracing to seats, and the partially rebuilt Hampden was re-opened for a friendly match between Scotland and Netherlands on 23 March 1994.
As the capacity of the old South Stand had been limited to 4,500, the total capacity of Hampden had been reduced to approximately 37,000.
With Celtic Park also undergoing extensive redevelopment to become all-seater, Celtic spent the 1994–95 season groundsharing at Hampden, at a cost of £500,000 rent.
Real Madrid were again victorious when Hampden Park hosted the 2002 UEFA Champions League Final, defeating Bayer Leverkusen, with Zinedine Zidane scoring the winning goal with a left-foot volley.
Hampden has since hosted the 2007 UEFA Cup Final and was one of the venues for football at the 2012 Summer Olympics, hosting three matches in the men's tournament and five in the women's tournament.
One of the matches was delayed after the North Korean team protested against the flag of South Korea being used mistakenly to represent their players.
Later in 2012, a Scotland women's national football team game was played at Hampden for the first time, when it hosted the first leg of a European Championship qualifying playoff against Spain.
It hosted its last international game before the conversion work on 15 November 2013 and Queen's Park temporarily played their home games at the Excelsior Stadium in Airdrie.
Due to the works being carried out at the Olympic Stadium, the 2014 London Grand Prix was renamed the Glasgow Grand Prix and hosted by Hampden.
With their lease on Hampden due to expire after Euro 2020, the SFA canvassed opinion from its member clubs about where games should be played.
By February 2019 the negotiations had stalled, with one complication relating to Glasgow City Council which made a financial investment into the 1990s redevelopment of the stadium in exchange for continued input into its operation, but was not included in the new proposal.
The stadium's capacity exceeded 100,000 from the early 1900s until the 1980s and the Roar could be heard whenever Scotland scored an important goal.
Scotland, who had played the second half with ten players due to an injury to Alex Jackson, equalised in the final minute with a goal from Alec Cheyne direct from a corner kick.
The roar that followed the goal was so loud that Jackson, who was a mile away in the Glasgow Victoria Infirmary, could tell that Scotland had scored.
In April 2018, the stadium operating company commissioned a study into the noise levels produced at Hampden during an Old Firm match.
This found a peak noise level of 115 decibels, after goals were scored, and 109 decibels when the teams first came onto the field.
These findings were much higher than those recorded in a 2014 study of Premier League grounds (maximum of 84 decibels), but well short of the world record set by a National Football League match at the Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City (142 decibels).
Hampden is an all-seated bowl stadium, although the ground is split into four geographic sections, officially known as the North, East, South and West Stands.
Due to the dominance of the Old Firm within Scottish football and their regular qualification for cup matches played at Hampden, the East and West stands are commonly known as the Celtic and Rangers ends.
The two end stands are up to 140 metres away from the pitch, due to Hampden retaining its bowl shape after it was redeveloped.
This distance is almost as great as if Hampden included an athletics track, although the distance between the pitch and the two side stands is more comparable to a normal football stadium.
The South Stand is the main stand of the stadium, as it holds the technical areas, dressing rooms, indoor warm-up area, executive boxes, lounges and media facilities.
The South Stand is also the only part of the stadium split into two tiers, although there is also a small gallery above the North Stand that has 290 seats and access to lounges.
The capacity was temporarily reduced to 44,000 for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, as the running track raised the field level by 1.9 metres.
A distinctive feature of the old Hampden, the press box which sat on the roof of the old South Stand, is also exhibited at the museum.
Queen's Park proposed in 1990 to sell off Lesser Hampden to fund redevelopment works on the main stadium, but this was rejected by planners.
The first was in 1906, when the Scottish Rugby Union chose to play their match against the touring South Africans at Hampden because no rugby ground could satisfy the demand to see the visitors.
Hampden hosted the Scottish Amateur Athletics Association championships during the 1920s and 1930s, with the original Meadowbank Stadium used as an alternative venue.
His last competition in Britain was the 1925 championship, when he won the 220 yards race for a record fifth time.
During the Second World War, American armed forces based in Scotland played games of softball, baseball and American football at Hampden.
American football returned to Hampden in 1998, when the NFL Europe team Scottish Claymores shared home games between Hampden and Murrayfield.
World Bowl XI was held at Hampden in 2003, but after the 2004 season the Claymores folded and were replaced by the Hamburg Sea Devils.
Poor crowds, escalating costs and the refusal of the city council to allow music to be played at events contributed to the team moving to Cliftonhill, in Coatbridge.
The fight ended in farce as the referee, who had been attempting to separate the two fighters, was also knocked down by Tyson.
After the fight, Tyson claimed that he wanted to eat the children of world champion Lennox Lewis, which also drew criticism.
Since the redevelopment of Hampden was completed in 1999, many acts have performed there, including The Rolling Stones, Tina Turner, Rod Stewart, Bon Jovi, Eagles, U2, Oasis, George Michael, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Neil Diamond, Take That, AC/DC, Bruce Springsteen, Coldplay, Pink, Paul McCartney, Rihanna, The Stone Roses, and Beyoncé.
The damage caused to the Hampden pitch by a U2 concert in August 2009 forced a Queen's Park league match to be postponed.
The 50th anniversary Conventicle of the Boys' Brigade, which had been founded in Glasgow by William Alexander Smith, was staged at Hampden in 1933.
Gerry Cinnamon will perform at the stadium on July 18th 2020 to become the first Scottish act to headline the national stadium.
The highest attendance recorded at Hampden for a football match was 149,415, for the 1937 British Home Championship tie between Scotland and England.
The 1937 Scottish Cup Final between Celtic and Aberdeen drew an official crowd of 147,365, a world record for a club match, with 20,000 more people locked outside.
Hampden set world attendance records that year that were only surpassed by the Maracanã, and it still holds all the major European records.
The European Cup match between Celtic and Leeds United in 1970 was attended by 136,505, which is a UEFA competition record.
Hampden regularly has crowds of below 1,000 for Queen's Park matches in the lower divisions of the Scottish football league system.
There is a stadium car park immediately behind the south stand, but for major events this is only available to permit holders.
Lawson was twice a candidate for the leadership of the Ontario Conservative Party, despite never being a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and once as a candidate for the federal Tory leadership.
He moved on to federal politics and was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative MP in a 1928 by-election representing York West.
He lost this position when the Conservatives were defeated in the fall 1935 election but he was elected to the House of Commons, this time representing York South.
In 1938, several months following his failed attempt to win the federal leadership, he placed second to George Drew at the Ontario party's provincial leadership convention.
He was the mover of the successful 1942 motion to change the name of the Conservative Party to the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.
Charles Hazlitt Cahan, (October 31, 1861 – August 15, 1944) was a Canadian lawyer, newspaper editor, businessman, and provincial and federal politician.
He was the son of Charles Cahan Jr. and had three siblings: Frank D. Cahan (1863–1936), Jennie M. Cahan (1866–1918) and Loie S. Cahan (1871–1881).
He was called to the bar in Nova Scotia in 1893 and in Quebec Bar in 1907, designated KC in 1907 (Nova Scotia) and 1909 (Quebec).
He practised corporate law in Halifax as a partner at Harris, Henry & Cahan from 1893 to 1908, and in Montreal, Quebec, from 1908.
From 1890 to 1894, Cahan was a leader of the Liberal-Conservative Party in Nova Scotia Legislature and a member of the Nova Scotia Legislature for Shelbourne.
This gave Cahan flexibility and, rather than immediately pursuing a legal career, he worked first as a newspaper editor and then became a politician.
In 1901, Cahan managed the provincial campaign for his business associate, John Fitzwilliam Stairs who was the leader of the Nova Scotia Liberal-Conservative Union and a former Conservative house leader.
Cahan was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1925 election as a Conservative Party Member of Parliament in the riding of St. Lawrence—St.
In the end Bennett cast Stevens aside, rugged individualism seemed a pitiful response to the Depression, and the radical tone of Bennett's rendering of paternal conservatism was branded either as heresy or a cynical power grab...In the epilogue, after racing through Tory leaders since Bennett, he states that with the election of Brian Mulroney, 'the old struggle between reaction and reform had taken an interesting twist.
After having publicly lamented that the poor quality of the Supreme Court prevented the abrogation of appeals, in the late 1930s he attacked the Privy Council's interpretation of the BNA Act and demanded the end of appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
Like many Canadian legal scholars, Cahan believed that the Privy Council had deliberately attempted to alter the true meaning of the Canadian Constitution.
Cahan introduced a bill, in 1939, to abolish appeals and, after the bill received considerable support in Parliament, the Minister of Justice, Ernest Lapointe, referred it to the Supreme Court, thus affording the Court an opportunity to adjudicate its own pre-eminence.
The Court found that it was within the Dominion government's authority to end appeals to the Privy Council unilaterally without the approval of the provinces.
The government postponed the implementation of the legislation until after the Second World War, and after an unsuccessful appeal to the Privy Council of the Supreme Court's decision.
In 1929, Cahan moved in the House of Commons that a special committee be formed to reconsider the 1919 Nickle Resolution, which had marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy forbidding the British and, later, Canadian Sovereign from granting knighthoods, baronetcies, and peerages to Canadians, and set the precedent for later policies prohibiting Canadians from accepting or holding titles of honour from Commonwealth or foreign countries.
He noted that the Nickle Resolution favoured foreign sovereigns over Canada's own sovereign because, since 1919, some 646 foreign orders had been conferred upon persons living in Canada by foreign, non-British sovereigns.
He had come to the conclusion that domestic peace in Canada was largely dependent upon the happiness of the French Canadian people and clergy.
Unfortunately, for reasons unknown to him, he now found them in June 1931 'disposed to be anxious and sorrowful' and felt strongly that everything possible should be done to alleviate their discontent.
At a state dinner following the opening of Parliament in January 1934, Cardinal Villeneuve was ranked behind the apostolic delegate and the Archbishop Forbes of Ottawa, who had seniority as an archbishop.
As Secretary of State of Canada, Charles Cahan was a Canadian delegate to the League of Nations in 1932, at which he gave a speech on Canada's position with respect to the dispute between Japan and China.
This speech provoked a minor political incident due to what was taken to be Canada's implicit recognition of Japan's occupation of China.
Cahan was a guest speaker at the Empire Club of Canada in 1919 on the subject of propaganda, and in 1929 on the subject of constitutional issues.
In 1939, he was a guest speaker at the Canadian Club of Ottawa in 1939 on the subject of Pan-American relations.
In 1982, along with filmmakers Yoshiho Fukuoka, Itsumichi Isomura, Toshiyuki Mizutani and Akira Yoneda, Suo founded a production company called Unit 5.
won fourteen awards at the Japanese Academy Awards including Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director and Best Film and performed strongly in U.S. theaters.
Creme said that he was first contacted telepathically by his Master in January 1959, when Creme was asked to make tape recordings of his messages.
Creme first began to speak publicly of his mission on 30 May 1975, at the Friends Meeting House on Euston Road in London, England.
His central message announced the emergence of a group of enlightened spiritual teachers who could guide humanity forward into the new Aquarian Age of peace and brotherhood based on the principles of love and sharing.
Creme stated in these newspaper advertisements that the Second Coming of Christ would occur on Monday 21 June 1982 (the summer solstice in the Northern hemisphere).
More than 90 reporters attended and heard Creme announce that Maitreya was living within the Asian community in the Brick Lane area of London.
Creme presented the reporters with a challenge: if the media made a serious attempt to seek Maitreya in London, he would reveal himself to them.
After 1982, Creme made a number of additional predictions and announcements about the imminent appearance of Maitreya, based on his claims of receiving telepathic messages from a Master of Wisdom.
Creme said that in January 1986, Maitreya contacted media representatives at the highest level in Britain who agreed to make an announcement.
In 1997 Creme made similar announcements that there would be imminent global TV broadcasts from Christ/Maitreya, though with far less media interest.
Soon afterwards several people in the United States, working from Creme's predictions, concluded that the British-American economist and author Raj Patel was Maitreya.
Creme, who claimed that the time was now very near for Maitreya's emergence, apparently did not receive any money for his work or royalties from his 14 books, and for more than 30 years he gave lectures around the world by invitation only.
Sceptics ridiculed the story presented by Benjamin Creme and took issue with the possibility that his predictions might have come true.
These forecasts were purported to have included the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the ending of Communist rule in the Soviet Union, the release of Nelson Mandela and the ending of Apartheid in South Africa, the release of Terry Waite, the resignation of Margaret Thatcher, and many more.
He was educated in Lachute, Berthier and Montreal, and later moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba to become director of the Monarch Life Assurance Company.
He contested Lisgar in the 1896 federal election as a candidate of the federal Conservative Party, and lost to Liberal Robert Lorne Richardson by fifty-four votes.
Rogers was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1899 provincial election as a Conservative candidate, defeating Liberal candidate J.L.
He remained in this position for eleven years, and was often regarded as the second most powerful figure in Roblin's cabinet, helping the premier construct an effective patronage network.
The federal Conservative Party under Robert Borden defeated Wilfrid Laurier's governing Liberals in the 1911 federal election, due in part to assistance from Roblin's electoral machine in Manitoba.
Although Rogers was not a candidate in the election, he was appointed as Canada's Minister of the Interior and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs on October 10, 1911.
On October 29, 1912, he left his other portfolios to become Canada's Minister of Public Works, a position which he held for five years.
He attempted to return to the House of Commons for Lisgar in the 1921 election, but lost to Progressive candidate John Livingstone Brown by 1,164 votes.
Rogers was returned to parliament in the 1925 election, defeating former Liberal premier Tobias Norris by 1,617 votes in Winnipeg South.
Rogers won election to the House of Commons for a third time in the 1930 election, defeating McDiarmid by 343 votes.
Originally named Ivanhoe in the 1900s by a resident from Scotland, it was built around what was then a city reservoir which gives the district its name.
Silver Lake is flanked on the northeast by Atwater Village and Elysian Valley, on the southeast by Echo Park, on the southwest by Westlake, on the west by East Hollywood and on the northwest by Los Feliz.
Street and other boundaries are: the Los Angeles River between Glendale Boulevard and Fletcher Drive and Riverside Drive on the northeast, the Glendale Freeway on the east, Effie Street, Coronado Street, Berkeley Avenue and Fletcher Drive on the southeast, the Hollywood Freeway on the south, Virgil Avenue on the west and Fountain Avenue and Hyperion Avenue on the northwest.
During the 1930s, Walt Disney built his first large studio in Silver Lake at the corner of Griffith Park Boulevard and Hyperion Avenue, currently the site of Gelson's Market.
In the 1970s, outsourcing brought to an end the group's prosperity, as they saw their jobs shipped overseas to Taiwan and China along with manufacturing.
Beginning in the 1970s, the neighborhood became the nexus of Los Angeles' gay leather subculture, the equivalent of the SoMA neighborhood in San Francisco.
In the 1930s Silver Lake and Echo Park still comprised Edendale, and acted as a space where members of the LGBT community were able to express their identities.
Prominent female impersonator Julian Eltinge built his house in Silver Lake and performed until the city passed laws criminalizing cross-dressing, after which he continued to recount his drag performances to audiences.
Silver Lake was also home to Harry Hay, credited with founding the first gay organization, the Mattachine Society, which began as Bachelors Anonymous.
The Black Cat Tavern, a fairly popular bar that has now become a historic-cultural monument, was the site of a brutal police raid in 1967 that spread to adjacent bars, becoming a full-blown riot and resulting in more than a dozen arrests.
Circus of Books was a bookstore and gay pornography shop that was notable as a gay cruising spot of the late 20th Century.
Several LGBT activists in Silver Lake claimed they felt unsafe reporting hate crimes against them to the police, whom they felt harbored anti-LGBT sentiments.
Their complaints grew to the point that then-City Council member Michael Woo advocated to establish a hotline to relay information to police indirectly and compile statistics on the frequency of gay-bashings.
Some bath houses, which acted as social spaces for gay men, were shut down by the city government in an effort to curb the spread of the virus.
The ensuing controversy reflected a nationwide debate about whether this type of action constituted public health policy or perpetuation of discrimination against the LGBT community.
The neighborhood was named for Water Board Commissioner Herman Silver, who was instrumental in the creation of the Silver Lake Reservoir in the neighborhood, one of the water storage reservoirs established in the early 1900s.
In the community of Silver Lake lies the namesake reservoir composed of two basins, with the lower named Silver Lake and the upper named Ivanhoe.
The reservoirs are owned and maintained by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP), and could provide water to 600,000 homes in downtown and South Los Angeles; however, only the smaller of the two, Ivanhoe, remains online.
The Silver Lake Reservoir's water resources will be replaced by the Headworks Reservoir, an underground reservoir north of Griffith Park, slated for completion by December 2017.
Also within the grounds of the reservoir are several popular recreational facilities: the Silver Lake Recreation Center, which includes an adjacent city park; the Silver Lake Walking Path, which circumnavigates the reservoirs (2.25 miles); and the Silver Lake Meadow, modeled after NYC's Central Park Sheep Meadow.
On the northeast corner of the property is the Neighborhood Nursery School, which since 1976 has been at the corner of Tesla Avenue and Silver Lake Boulevard.
As of 2019, Silver Lake is represented by Los Angeles City Council Members Mitch O'Farrell and David Ryu and the Silver Lake Neighborhood Council.
The Silver Lake Neighborhood Council (SLNC) was formed in the early 2000s and certified as part of the City of Los Angeles Neighborhood Council system in February 2003.
The Silver Lake Residents Association, the Silver Lake Improvement Association, the Silver Lake Reservoirs Conservancy, and the Silver Lake Chamber of Commerce are all active in the area.
The 2000 U.S. census counted 30,972 residents in the neighborhood—an average of 11,266 people per square mile, about the same population density as in the rest of the city but among the highest in the county.
The median age for residents was 35, about average for Los Angeles, but the percentages of residents aged 19 to 49 were among the county's highest.
Mexico (26.6%) and the Philippines (15.7%) were the most common places of birth for the 41% of the residents who were born abroad, about the same rate as the city at large.
The median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $54,339, about the same as the rest of Los Angeles, but a high rate of households earned $20,000 or less per year.
36% of the neighborhood residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year college degree by 2000, an average figure for the city.
It was home to two major yearly street festivals: the Silver Lake Jubilee, held in May and the Sunset Junction Street Fair, held in August.
The last Sunset Junction festival was held in 2010 and abruptly cancelled in 2011 just days before it was supposed to take place, after years of neighborhood controversy.
It moved out of the neighborhood to private grounds near the Los Angeles River and changed its name as of 2013.
Since the indie rock music scene is particularly prominent in this neighborhood, comparisons are often drawn between Silver Lake and New York City's Williamsburg district.
In addition to being the site of early Western films' star Tom Mix's studio on Glendale Boulevard, Silver Lake has been used as the film location for several films and television shows.
Born in Kingston, Ontario, the son of Philip Henry Drayton, who came to Canada with the 16th Rifles of England, and Margaret S. Covernton, Drayton was educated in the schools of England and Canada.
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada from Kingston in a 1919 by-election as a Conservative Party candidate.
He served as Minister of Finance under both Sir Robert Borden and Arthur Meighen until the Conservative Party's defeat in the 1921 general election.
He attempted to return to Parliament in the 1945 election from a seat in Victoria, British Columbia, but lost narrowly to the Liberal candidate.
Silver Lake is a town that existed near the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad, six miles north of Baker, in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California.
Robert Calvert wrote and sang the lyrics, this being Hawkwind's only studio recording with a Calvert vocal prior to his rejoining the band as a permanent frontman and vocalist in 1976.
At the time of the single's release, the IRA had instigated a bombing campaign in London and the BBC refused to play the single.
It had been reported at the time that Nik Turner's flat in Gloucester Road had been raided and searched by the bomb squad, but a 1998 interview with Turner suggests that this activity was more to do with visiting Hells Angels wanted in connection with manslaughter.
The band undertook an extensive UK tour in June and July 1973 to promote the single, a poorly recorded version from this time appearing on Bring Me the Head of Yuri Gagarin, but soon after Calvert stopped working with the band in an official capacity (largely due to the instability caused by his bi-polar disorder) and the song was dropped.
What You Will is a late Elizabethan comedy by John Marston, written in 1601 and probably performed by the Children of Paul's, one of the companies of boy actors popular in that period.
The play was entered into the Stationers' Register on 6 August 1607, and was published later that year in a quarto printed by George Eld for the bookseller Thomas Thorpe.
Inconsistencies in the names of the characters suggest that the play was revised between its stage premier in 1601 and its publication in 1607.
The play focuses on the relationship between two rival poets: the bitter, misanthropic satirist Lampatho Doria and the generous, lighthearted epicurean Quadratus.
The character Lampatho Doria is generally thought to represent Ben Jonson, Marston's opponent in the controversy, while Quadratus may stand in for Marston himself.
This town is known for three famed rabbis: Rabbi Yisrael Lipkin Salanter and his teacher Rabbi Zundel Salant, rabbi Shmuel Salant, who spent most of his life in Salantai.
During the summer 1941, 95 Jews of the city were massacred in a mass execution by Lithuanian nazis in the nearby forest.
Invar, also known generically as FeNi36 (64FeNi in the US), is a nickel–iron alloy notable for its uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE or α).
The discovery of the alloy was made in 1896 by Swiss physicist Charles Édouard Guillaume for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920.
Like other nickel/iron compositions, Invar is a solid solution; that is, it is a single-phase alloy, consisting of around 36% nickel and 64% iron.
Common grades of Invar have a coefficient of thermal expansion (denoted α, and measured between 20 °C and 100 °C) of about 1.2 × 10 K (1.2 ppm/°C), while ordinary steels have values of around 11–15 ppm.
Invar is used where high dimensional stability is required, such as precision instruments, clocks, seismic creep gauges, television shadow-mask frames, valves in engines and large aerostructure molds.
At the time it was invented the pendulum clock was the world's most precise timekeeper, and the limit to timekeeping accuracy was due to thermal variations in length of clock pendulums.
The Riefler regulator clock developed in 1898 by Clemens Riefler, the first clock to use an invar pendulum, had an accuracy of 10 milliseconds per day, and served as the primary time standard in naval observatories and for national time services until the 1930s.
In land surveying, when first-order (high-precision) elevation leveling is to be performed, the level staff (leveling rod) used is made of Invar, instead of wood, fiberglass, or other metals.
In the manufacture of large composite material structures for aerospace carbon fibre layup molds, invar is used to facilitate the manufacture of parts to extremely tight tolerances.
All the iron-rich face-centered cubic Fe–Ni alloys show Invar anomalies in their measured thermal and magnetic properties that evolve continuously in intensity with varying alloy composition.
Scientists had once proposed that Invar's behavior was a direct consequence of a high-magnetic-moment to low-magnetic-moment transition occurring in the face centered cubic Fe–Ni series (and that gives rise to the mineral antitaenite); however, this theory was proven incorrect.
Instead, it appears that the low-moment/high-moment transition is preceded by a high-magnetic-moment frustrated ferromagnetic state in which the Fe–Fe magnetic exchange bonds have a large magneto-volume effect of the right sign and magnitude to create the observed thermal expansion anomaly.
He was the Member of Parliament for the riding of Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca in British Columbia, Canada from 1993 to 2011.
Originally a member of the Reform Party, and then the Canadian Alliance, he did not join the newly formed Conservative Party of Canada post-merger, and became a member of the Liberal Party from 2004 until 2011.
He was first elected in 1993 as a member of the Reform Party of Canada for the riding of Esquimalt-Juan de Fuca.
When the Reform Party was folded into the Canadian Alliance, he sought the party leadership, but finished fourth with 2% of the vote.
Despite his ideological differences, he did not join the dissidents who briefly left the party in 2001–02 to protest the leadership of Stockwell Day.
Martin led many initiatives in the House of Commons, including legislation to ban landmines (1995, 1996), establish an international mechanism to prevent deadly conflict (Responsibility to Protect) 2007, democratize Parliament, support early learning programs (Head Start) 2000, and modernize Canada's healthcare system.
Martin has been on diplomatic missions to areas in crisis, including Sudan, the Middle East, Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone and the Sahal.
He led initiatives to provide emergency relief in times of crisis, e.g., the 2004 tsunami, famine in Niger, North Pakistan, Dem.
He has been an ardent campaigner against the trafficking of illegal wildlife products, and has strongly supported the integration of conservation into development initiatives.
<nowiki> On April 17, 2002, he caused a controversy as he attempted to remove the </nowiki>ceremonial mace from the table of the Clerk of the House to protest an intervention by the government that violated MP's fundamental democratic rights.
He was found to be in contempt and not allowed to retake his seat until he had apologized to the House from the Bar.
The reason for his actions was as a result of an amendment that would have removed the entire contents of Martin's Private Members' Bill C-344 which violated the spirit and meaning of Private Members Business.
In January 2004, after the Canadian Alliance merged with the centre-right Progressive Conservative Party to form the Conservative Party of Canada, Martin announced he would not join the new party.
He sat as an independent for the remainder of the 37th Parliament, but ran as a Liberal in the 2004 election.
He has taken leadership roles in many areas including: global health, domestic health, foreign affairs, conservation and the environment and human rights He was appointed in 2004 by Prime Minister Paul Martin to be a member of the Queen's Privy Council.
He has been an outspoken critic of the decline in democracy in parliament and the increasing disempowerment of Members of Parliament.
With over 169 academic institutions and a network of 30,000 scientists around the world, CUGH is the world's largest consortium of academic institutions and other related organizations.
November 2014, Martin made presentations on the nexus between environmental sustainability, conservation, and human health at the World Parks Congress in Sydney, Australia..
He has helped lead the last six CUGH global health conferences that attract over 1800 scientists and students from over 50 nations.
In 1991, bronze-plated steel replaced bronze in the 5 thebe, nickel-plated steel replaced cupro-nickel in the 10, 25 and 50 thebe and the 1 pula changed to a smaller, nickel-brass, equilateral-curve seven-sided coin.
Following the withdrawal of the 1 and 2 thebe in 1991 and 1998 respectively, smaller 5, 10, 25 and 50 thebe coins were introduced, with the 5 and 25 thebe coins being seven-sided and the 10 and 50 thebe coins remaining round.
A bimetallic 5 pula depicting a mopane caterpillar and a branch of the mopane tree it feeds on was introduced in 2000 composed of a cupronickel center in a ring made of aluminium-nickel-bronze.
On 23 August 1976, the Bank of Botswana introduced notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 pula; a 20 pula note followed on 16 February 1978.
The 1 and 2 pula notes were replaced by coins in 1991 and 1994, whilst the first 50 and 100 pula notes were introduced on May 29, 1990 and August 23, 1993, respectively.
In response to the concern of the poor quality of the paper of the 10 pula banknote, the Bank of Botswana revealed a 10 pula banknote in polymer in November 2017 and was issued to the public on February 1, 2018.
Several currencies, including the South African rand and Botswana pula circulate in Zimbabwe, along with the Zimbabwean bond notes and bond coins.
He is the 39th and current president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India and President of the Editorial Board with Wisden India.
Before being elected as the President of BCCI, he was the President of Cricket Association of Bengal, governing body for cricket in West Bengal, India.
During his playing career, Ganguly established himself as one of the world's leading batsmen and also one of the most successful captain of the Indian national cricket team.
While batting, he was especially prolific through the off side, earning himself the nickname God of the Off Side for his elegant stroke play square of the wicket and through the covers.
After playing in different Indian domestic tournaments, such as the Ranji and Duleep trophies, Ganguly got his big-break while playing for India on their tour of England.
Ganguly's place in the team was assured after successful performances in series against Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Australia, winning the Man of the Match awards.
In the 1999 Cricket World Cup, he was involved in a partnership of 318 runs with Rahul Dravid, which remains the highest overall partnership score in the World Cup tournament history.
Due to the match-fixing scandals in 2000 by other players of the team, and for his poor health, Indian captain Sachin Tendulkar resigned his position, and Ganguly was made the captain of the Indian cricket team.
He was soon the subject of media criticism after an unsuccessful stint for county side Durham and for taking off his shirt in the final of the 2002 NatWest Series.
He is regarded as one of India's most successful captains in modern times, and one of the greatest ODI batsmen of all time.
Currently, he is the 8th highest run scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and was the 3rd batsman in history to cross the 10,000 run landmark, after Sachin Tendulkar and Inzamam Ul Haq.
He continued to play for the Bengal team and was appointed the chairman of the Cricket Association of Bengal's Cricket Development Committee.
The Indian team was ranked eighth in the ICC rankings before he became the captain, and under his tenure the team rank went up to second.
An aggressive captain, Ganguly is credited with having nurtured the careers of many young players who played under him, and transforming the Indian team into an aggressive fighting unit.
Along with Harshavardhan Neotia, Sanjiv Goenka, and Utsav Parekh, Ganguly is also the co-owner of Atlético de Kolkata, a franchise of the Indian Super League, which won the inaugural season in 2014.
Ganguly is currently a part of the Supreme Court of India appointed Justice Mudgal Committee probe panel for the IPL Spot fixing and betting scandal's investigations.
However, academics came in-between his love for sports and Nirupa was not very supportive of Ganguly taking up cricket or any other sport as a career.
He supported Ganguly's dream to be a cricketer and asked their father to get Ganguly enrolled in a cricket coaching camp during his summer holidays.
They used to watch a number of old cricket match videos, especially the games played by David Gower, whom Ganguly admired.
After he scored a century against the Orissa Under–15 side, he was made captain of St Xavier's School's cricket team, where several of his teammates complained against what they perceived to be his arrogance.
While touring with a junior team, Ganguly refused his turn as the twelfth man, as he reportedly felt that the duties involved, which included organising equipment and drinks for the players, and delivering messages, were beneath his social status.
Ganguly purportedly refused to do such tasks as he considered it beneath his social status to assist his teammates in such a way.
However, his playmanship gave him a chance to make his first-class cricket debut for Bengal in 1989, the same year that his brother was dropped from the team.
Following a prolific Ranji season in 1990–91, Ganguly scored three runs in his One Day International (ODI) debut for India against the West Indies in 1992.
It was rumoured that Ganguly refused to carry drinks for his teammates, commenting that it was not his job to do so, later denied by him.
Following an innings of 171 in the 1995–96 Duleep Trophy, he was recalled to the National team for a tour of England in 1996, in the middle of intense media scrutiny.
However, after teammate Navjot Singh Sidhu left the touring, citing ill-treatment by then captain Mohammad Azharuddin, Ganguly made his Test debut against England in the Second Test of a three-match series at Lord's Cricket Ground alongside Rahul Dravid.
England had won the First Test of the three-match series; however, Ganguly scored a century, becoming only the third cricketer to achieve such a feat on debut at Lord's, after Harry Graham and John Hampshire.
Andrew Strauss and Matt Prior have since accomplished this feat, but Ganguly's 131 still remains the highest by any batsman on his debut at the ground.
In the next Test match at Trent Bridge he made 136, thus becoming only the third batsman to make a century in each of his first two innings (after Lawrence Rowe and Alvin Kallicharran).
He shared a 255 run stand with Sachin Tendulkar, which became at that time the highest partnership for India against any country for any wicket outside India.
Later that year, he won four consecutive man of the match awards, in the Sahara Cup with Pakistan; the second of these was won after he took five wickets for 16 runs off 10 overs, his best bowling in an ODI.
After a barren run in Test cricket his form returned at the end of the year with three centuries in four Tests, all against Sri Lanka, and two of these involved stands with Sachin Tendulkar of over 250.
During the third final of the Independence Cup at Dhaka in January 1998, India successfully chased down 315 off 48 overs, and Ganguly won the Man of the Match award.
In March 1998 he was part of the Indian team that defeated Australia; in Kolkata, he took three wickets having opened the bowling with his medium pace.
His partnership of 318 with Rahul Dravid is the highest overall score in a World Cup and is the second highest in all ODI cricket.
Ganguly struggled scoring 224 runs at 22.40; however his ODI form was impressive, with five centuries over the season taking him to the top of the PwC One Day Ratings for batsmen.
In 2000, after the match fixing scandal by some of the players of the team, Ganguly was named the captain of the Indian cricket team.
The decision was spurred due to Tendulkar stepping down from the position for his health, and Ganguly being the vice-captain at that time.
He began well as a captain, leading India to a series win over South Africa in the five-match one day series and led the Indian team to the finals of the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy.
In Australia's three Test and five-match ODI tour of India in early 2001, Ganguly caused controversy by arriving late for the toss on four occasions, something that agitated opposing captain Steve Waugh.
In the Fourth ODI, he caused further controversy by failing to wear his playing attire to the toss, something considered unusual in cricket circles.
Waugh chose to enforce the follow-on and V. V. S. Laxman (281) and Rahul Dravid (180) batted for the entire fourth day's play to set Australia a target of 384 on a dusty, spinning wicket.
During the final match of the 2002 NatWest Series held in Lords after a stunning performance by team mates Yuvraj Singh and Mohammad Kaif, Ganguly took off his shirt in public and brandished it in the air to celebrate India's winning of the match.
Ganguly said that he was only mimicking an act performed by the British all-rounder Andrew Flintoff during a tour of India.
By 2004, he had achieved significant success as captain and was deemed as India's most successful cricket captains by sections of the media.
However, his individual performance deteriorated during his captaincy reign, especially after the World Cup, the tour of Australia in 2003 and the Pakistan series in 2004.
It was speculated that Ganguly was in disagreement with the head of cricket in Nagpur over the type of pitch to be used for the Third Test.
When Australia's stand-in-captain, Adam Gilchrist, went to the toss, he noticed Rahul Dravid was waiting instead of Ganguly, leaving him to ask Dravid where Ganguly was.
Having been nominated and rejected in 2000, when the game suffered a tarnished reputation due to match fixing scandals, the captaincy was passed to Dravid, his former deputy.
Ganguly was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004, India's fourth highest civilian award, in recognition of his distinguished contribution in the field of sports.
He was presented with the award on 30 June 2004, by then President of India, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.
Ganguly had enlisted the support from the Indian media and eventually the board had to intervene and order a truce between the pair.
Ganguly, Chappell and the Indian team manager for the Zimbabwe tour, Amitabh Choudhary, were asked to appear before the BCCI committee, where it was reported that assurance of working together was given by them.
Consequently, due to his poor form and differences with the coach, Ganguly was dropped as the captain of the team, with Dravid taking his place.
Ten months later, during India's tour to South Africa, Ganguly was recalled after his middle order replacements Suresh Raina and Mohammad Kaif suffered poor form.
Following India's poor batting display in the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy and the ODI series in South Africa, in which they were whitewashed 4–0, Ganguly made his comeback to the Test team.
Coming in at 37/4, Ganguly scored 83 in a tour match against the rest of South Africa, modifying his original batting style and taking a middle-stump guard, resulting in India winning the match.
During his first Test innings since his comeback, against South Africa in Johannesburg his score of 51 helped India to victory, marking the first Test match win for the team in South Africa.
After his successful Test comeback he was recalled for the ODI team, as India played host to West Indies and Sri Lanka in back to back ODI tournaments.
After India were knocked out of the tournament in the group stage, there were reports of a rift between certain members of the Indian team and Chappell.
He scored 1106 Test runs at an average of 61.44 (with three centuries and four fifties) in 2007 to become the second highest run-scorer in Test matches of that year after Jacques Kallis.
He was also the fifth highest run-scorer in 2007 in ODIs, where he scored 1240 runs at an average of 44.28.
In February 2008, Ganguly joined as the captain of Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) team, owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan, as part of the Indian Premier League (IPL).
Ganguly opened the innings with Brendan McCullum and scored 10 runs while McCullum remained unbeaten, scoring 158 runs in 73 balls.
On 1 May, in a game between the Knight Riders and the Rajasthan Royals, Ganguly made his second T20 half century, scoring 51 runs off of 39 balls at a strike rate of 130.76.
On 7 July 2008, media reported that Ganguly was being projected as a candidate for the post of President of the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) against his former mentor Jagmohan Dalmiya.
In the final test match he played at Nagpur against Australia he scored 85 and 0 in his first and second innings respectively.
In the Fourth and final Test, with India needing one wicket to secure a victory, the Indian captain, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, invited Ganguly to lead the side in the field for the final time.
In May 2009, Ganguly was removed from the captaincy of the KKR for the 2009 season of the IPL, and was replaced by McCullum.
The decision was questioned by media and other players of the team, when KKR finished at the bottom of the ranking table with three wins and ten losses.
The job of the committee is to receive a report from the selectors at the end of every cricket season, assess the accountability of the selectors and make necessary recommendations.
In the third season of the IPL, Ganguly was once again given the captaincy of KKR, after the team ended at the bottom in the second season.
In the fourth season of the IPL he was signed by the Pune Warriors India, after being unsold in initial bidding process and he made 50 runs of four matches and three innings.
On 29 October 2012, he announced that he has decided not to play in next year's IPL and to retire from the game.
However, early in his career he was not comfortable with the hook and pull, often giving his wicket away with mistiming such shots.
Due to excellent eye–hand coordination, he was noted for picking the length of the ball early, coming down the pitch and hitting the ball aerially over mid-on or midwicket, often for a six.
There were many instances where Ganguly's batting partner was run out due to Ganguly's calling for a run, and then sending him back while halfway down the pitch.
A situation like this happened in an ODI against Australia where he took a single when on 99, but he coasted and did not ground his bat.
According to Dubey, Ganguly and Wright, along with other members of the team like Tendulkar and Dravid, were the first to understand the importance of a foreign coach for the Indian cricket team and was convinced that the domestic coach has outlived its utility.
However he criticised Ganguly's ground fielding, especially his slowness in intercepting the ball to prevent runs and his tendency to get injured during catching the ball.
He led his team to victory on 21 occasions – seven times more than Mohammad Azharuddin with the second most wins—and led them for a record 49 matches—twice more than both Azharuddin and Sunil Gavaskar.
Statistics about Ganguly show that he was the seventh Indian cricketer to have played 100 Test matches, the 4th highest overall run scorer for India in Tests, and the fourth Indian to have played in more than 300 ODIs.
In terms of overall runs scored in ODIs, Ganguly is the second among Indians after Sachin Tendulkar (who has the most ODI runs) and the eighth overall.
Along with Tendulkar, Ganguly has formed the most successful opening pair in One Day Cricket, having amassed the highest number of century partnerships (26) for the first wicket.
Together, they have scored more than 7000 runs at an average of 48.98, and hold the world record for creating most number of 50-run partnership in the first wicket (44 fifties).
Ganguly became the fourth player to cross 11,000 ODI runs, and was the fastest player to do so in ODI cricket, after Tendulkar.
As of 2006, he is the only Indian captain to win a Test series in Pakistan (although two of the three Tests of that series was led by Rahul Dravid).
He is also one of the five players in the world to achieve amazing treble of 10,000 runs, 100 wickets and 100 catches in ODI cricket history, the others being Tendulkar, Kallis, Sanath Jayasuriya and Tillakaratne Dilshan.
Off the field, his interactions with the media, his fans, and detractors were uncompromisingly honest and earned him the respect of cricket followers everywhere.
Ganguly was condemned as a hot-tempered man who refused to listen to other's opinions and abided by his own rules and regulations.
Later he explained that being at the receiving end of an unfair decision against him, that threatened to ruin his international cricket career, it enabled him to understand the insecurities of other newcomers in the team better than his predecessors.
I don't particularly believe that Ganguly has an 'effing knowledge how to lead his team and tries to counter-pose it with instigating limitless, confrontational behaviours within the younger members of it.
To him 'good behaviour', a broad term espoused by the present team management, belonged in school and probably not even there.
She was repurposed as a destroyer tender after the J class was removed from service in the 1920s, tasked with supporting the two O class submarines during 1929 and 1930.
By the time she was completed, both submarines had been lost, and she was instead commissioned into the Royal Navy on 21 March 1917.
At the conclusion of the war, the ship was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy and was commissioned into the RAN on 25 March 1919.
The mutiny was in protest of the decreases in sailor pay and conditions: Depression-era cutbacks had impacted them harder than officers, as they had no avenues of protest.
The ship's commanding officer was sympathetic, promising that he would forward their concerns to the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (which refused to consider them) and that they would not be punished.
She survived the Japanese attack on Darwin in February 1942 and remained at Darwin until January 1943 when she sailed to Cairns, Queensland where she again served as a base ship until May 1944.
Although the college is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, it was placed on probation in August of 2018 because the college has experienced significant financial challenges.
The college was accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), the State of Vermont Department of Education, the Council of Applied Master's Programs in Psychology and the Board of Psychological Examiners of Vermont.
In August of 2018, NEASC placed the college on probation because the college has experienced significant financial challenges including spending nearly all of its endowment.
Four months later, NEASC told the college that it has until April 1 to convince the accreditor that the college is financially viable; if it is not convinced, NEASC will withdraw accreditation and require the college to stop teaching at the end of the 2019 spring semester.
The college offered more than 20 different degree programs in the arts & sciences, business, criminal justice, and psychology & human services.
In January 2018, the CSJ Traumatology Institute was established to provide advanced education, training, research and humanitarian aid, and is geared towards emergency responders, medical and mental health professionals, and others who work with trauma victims.
CSJTI has received full accreditation from the Green Cross Academy of Traumatology, and becomes the only program in the State of Vermont and surrounding area offering certification for this emerging field of study.
The main building was St. Joseph Hall, which houses the President's office, External Affairs, Admissions, Financial Aid, the Giorgetti Library, classrooms, faculty offices, computer labs, the Registrar's Office, and more.
The Athletic Center on campus had a 1,000-seat gymnasium, a weight and cardio room, a racquetball court, and a dance studio.
In 2008 the college purchased the Clementwood estate from the Sisters of St. Joseph, consisting of the Clementwood Mansion, Bucci Hall/the Carriage House, Avilia Hall and St. Francis Hall.
Clementwood Mansion, built in 1863 by Charles Clement as a private home and later used by the Sisters of St. Joseph as their novitiate, was remodeled over the course of two years, and in spring 2010, the president's office, academic dean's office, and development and alumni relations office moved into Clementwood.
The College of St. Joseph was, at the time of its closing, a United States Collegiate Athletic Association Division II school and plays within the Yankee Small College Conference, with programs in men's and women's basketball, men's and women's soccer, baseball and softball, women's volleyball, and men's golf.
The Cable Television Standards Council of Canada was an independent organization established by the Canadian cable television industry to administer Standards, Codes and Guidelines that ensure high standards of customer service.
Current acts include Dr. Dre himself, Eminem, Kendrick Lamar, Anderson Paak and Justus with former acts including 50 Cent, Busta Rhymes, The Game, Raekwon, Eve, Rakim, Jon Connor and many others.
The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of platinum or higher on 20 of its 28 released albums.
Before the year's end, however, she abruptly left the label, claiming that Dr. Dre had been too slow to get the ball rolling on her project.
In the autumn of 1997, Aftermath released the only collaborative project by hip hop super-group The Firm (composed of AZ, Foxy Brown, Nas, and Nature).
Last Emperor had also been signed during this time, but was shelved due to creative differences with an A&R at Aftermath.
Upon recommendation from Interscope Records head, Jimmy Iovine, Aftermath signed Detroit rapper Eminem on Monday 9th March 1998, exactly one year after Biggie's death.
The album topped the Billboard albums chart, went on to be certified quadruple platinum, and arguably became the label's first successful album release.
Busta Rhymes was also signed and released one album before later being dropped from the label due to conflict with Interscope head, Iovine.
It was later reported that when he signed a deal with Universal Motown, the album would be released on his label, Flipmode Entertainment, through his Universal Motown deal.
While in late 2009, Detroit rapper Hayes was signed to a joint venture with Timbaland's Mosley Music Group but was later released from his contract.
Later he confirmed that he had returned to Aftermath Entertainment, however it was later confirmed he did not resign to the label.
On October 15, 2013, during the 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards Flint, Michigan rapper Jon Connor announced his signing to Aftermath Entertainment.
On February 20, 2014, 50 Cent announced his departure from his Interscope record deal which included his deal with Aftermath Entertainment and Shady Records.
On May 14, 2014, it was revealed that trap producer trio Yogi signed to Aftermath as a producer and to Skrillex's OWSLA label as a recording artist.
In a September 2015 interview with Mr. Wavvy, singer Asia Bryant hinted that she was in talks to sign a deal with Aftermath.
The Battle of Wireless Ridge was an engagement of the Falklands War which took place on the night from 13 June to 14 June 1982, between British and Argentine forces during the advance towards the Argentine-occupied capital of the Falkland Islands, Port Stanley.
Wireless Ridge was one of seven strategic hills within five miles of Stanley at that had to be taken in order for the Island's capital to be approached.
The British force consisted of 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment (2 Para), a troop of the Blues & Royals, with two FV101 Scorpion and two FV107 Scimitar light tanks, as well as artillery support from two batteries of 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery and naval gunfire support provided by 's 4.5-in gun.
The first Argentine unit to arrive in the sector was that commanded by José Rodolfo Banetta that took up residence inside the Moody Brook Barracks, but this unit had to evacuate the area on 11 June when British fire struck the building, killing three conscripts and wounding the Argentine major.
At first, the 7th Regiment on Wireless Ridge was relatively comfortable, shooting sheep and roasting them on old bed frames the soldiers had found nearby.
After heavy losses during the Battle of Goose Green, including their commander, Lieutenant Colonel 'H' Jones, command of 2 Para passed to Lieutenant-Colonel David Chaundler, who was in England at the time of the battle.
Chaundler flew to Ascension Island on a Vickers VC10 and then to the Falklands on a C-130 Hercules that was dropping supplies by parachute.
Chaundler jumped into the sea, where he was picked up by helicopter and eventually delivered to for a briefing with Admiral Sandy Woodward and then to Major General Jeremy Moore's headquarters.
After debriefing the battalion's officers about Goose Green and the events following, he vowed that the unit would never again go into action without fire support.
Three other hills were then slated to be captured: Mount Tumbledown by the Scots Guards, Mount William by the Gurkhas and Wireless Ridge by 2 Para.
On the morning of 13 June, it became clear that the attacks on Tumbledown had been successful, so 2 Para marched around the back of Mount Longdon to take up their positions for the assault on Wireless Ridge.
As the action was expected to be concluded quickly, they took only their weapons and as much ammunition as possible, leaving most other gear behind in the camp.
On Bluff Cove Peak, the Battalion's mortars and heavy machine guns were attacked by Argentine A-4 Skyhawks, which delayed their planned move forward, although they suffered no casualties.
In the closing hours of 13 June, D Company (Coy) began the attack sequence, advancing upon 'Rough Diamond' hill north-west of Mount Longdon.
In the softening-up bombardment, British artillery had fired 6,000 rounds with their 105 mm pieces, and as the British paratroopers began their push, they were further backed by naval fire and the 76 and 30 mm guns mounted on the light tanks.
The approximately 80 casualties sustained by 2 Para two weeks earlier at the Battle of Goose Green (including the loss of their commanding officer), had induced them not to take any unnecessary chances the second time around.
As Major Philip Neame's D Coy started to consolidate their position, the Argentine 7th Regiment launched a series of heavy recoilless rifle, rocket and mortar attacks on Mount Longdon, causing casualties to the 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment (3 Para).
With this massive fire support, A and B Coys were convinced the enemy on the 'Apple Pie' feature had been defeated, and began to advance confidently, but they met fierce resistance when they left their trenches.
They came under heavy machine-gun fire; massive retaliation was initiated by the British machine-gunners and the guns of the Blues and Royals light tanks.
The Argentine defenders there eventually withdrew in the face of such withering fire and A and B Coys took their objective.
C Coy then moved down from their northern start line to advance to a position east of Wireless Ridge where they found a platoon position to be unoccupied.
The Special Air Service, along with men from the Special Boat Squadron, attempted to carry out a diversionary raid immediately north of Port Stanley on the night of 13-14 June.
The plan was, as 2 PARA attacked the northern half of Wireless Ridge, 30 SAS and SBS commandos aboard 4 rigid raiders, would speed across the Murrell River entrance and attack the oil storage facilities on Cortley Ridge.
However, the assault force was illuminated by a spotlight on the Argentine Almirante Irízar hospital ship (preparing to collect Major José Ricardo Spadaro's 601 National Gendarmerie Special Forces Squadron on Navy Pointfor a major insertion behind 2 PARA.
A massive amount of fire, including 30mm anti-aircraft guns arched down onto the SAS/SBS force from positions along the northern shore, causing the British raiders to withdraw.
D Coy then began the final assault from the western end of Wireless Ridge, under the cover of heavy fire from 's 4.5 inch gun, tanks, twelve 105 mm artillery pieces, several mortars and anti-tank rockets.
Earlier Argentine GHQ had sent the dismounted 10th Panhard AML squadron to make a reconnaissance foray into the western rocks of Wireless Ridge.
Captain Rodrigo Soloaga was particularly effective in persuading his men to engage the British light tanks, Milan Platoon and the Machinegun Platoon on 'Apple Pie' while the 7th Regiment's HQ sorted themselves out.
With Lieutenant José Luis Dobroevic's 81mm Mortar Platoon providing fire support, the company, in the form of the platoons of Sub-Lieutenant Carlos Javier Aristegui and 2nd Lieutenant Víctor Rodriguez-Pérez advanced to contact.
Private Patricio Pérez from Aristegui's platoon, recalled the unnerving experience of 66 mm rockets coming straight at them like undulating fireballs.
He believed he shot a British Paratrooper, possibly 12 Platoon's commander, and became enraged when he heard that his friend, Horacio Benítez from his platoon, had been shot.
The platoon of 2nd Lieutenant Rodriguez-Pérez delivered a frontal assault and in fact closed in with the British 12 Platoon, under the command of Lieutenant Jonathan Page (following the death of Lieutenant Barry at Goose Green).
Privates Esteban Tríes and José Cerezuela of Rodriguez-Pérez's platoon, volunteered to stay behind and rescue their wounded platoon sergeant, Manuel Villegas, laboriously carrying him to Port Stanley.
One of the Argentine Army staff officers that Private Savage talks about, the 10th Brigade Operations Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel Eugenio Dalton), during the pre-dawn darkness of 14 June, was seen driving around in a jeep marshalling tired, panicky and dazed soldiers from various units into a company and led them into Stanley's western sector under heavy fire.
Some 200 Wireless Ridge survivors had been rallied by Dalton to form, under heavy gunfire, a last-ditch defensive line in front of the now silenced guns of the 4th Airborne Artillery Group near the racecourse.
Near the church in Stanley, intent on helping Berazay, Major Carrizo-Salvadores, Second-in-command of the 7th Regiment, helped by the chaplain Father José Fernández, mustered about 50 Wireless Ridge survivors and led them on a bayonet charge, with the soldiers chanting their famous 'Malvinas March', but were stopped by heavy artillery and machine-gun fire.
2 PARA's mortar platoon also reported four mortarmen with broken ankles after having fired 'supercharge' rounds for extra range in order to repel the Argentine counterattack force that had attacked from Moody Brook.The Argentines suffered approximately 25 dead and about 125 wounded, about 50 were taken prisoner.
In the final stages of the battle, Brigadier-General Jofre had been offered the use of Skyhawks to bomb Wireless Ridge with napalm but declined in the belief that the British response would be commensurate.
Along with other key battles in the latter part of British activity under Operation Corporate, such as the Battle of Mount Tumbledown, the success at Wireless Ridge constituted one of the last major battles of the war before the subsequent surrender of Argentina.
Not wanting to replicate the heavy losses of Goose Green, the British had focussed a heavy artillery bombardment onto the opposing troops before undertaking the main assault, an action that would strongly affect the morale of the Argentine soldiers.
With the opposing forces in retreat, and the successful capture of several key positions, including Wireless Ridge and Mount Tumbledown, the British obtained permission to advance on Stanley, with 2 Para leading the first troops into the town since Argentinian forces had first occupied the territory at the beginning of the war in April 1982.
For the bravery shown at Wireless Ridge, 2 Para was awarded three Military Crosses, one Military Medal and one Distinguished Conduct Medal.
These are lists of Privy Counsellors of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the reorganisation in 1679 of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council to the present day.
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland between 1660 and 1922 and of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland are also listed.
Precisionism was the first indigenous modern art movement in the United States and an early American contribution to the rise of Modernism.
Influenced by Cubism and Futurism, Precisionism took for its main themes industrialisation and the modernization of the American landscape, the structures of which were depicted in precise, sharply defined geometrical forms.
In the end, Precisionism was less about pure originality of expression and more about an energetic American use and amalgamation of certain European modernist techniques.
There is a degree of reverence for the industrial age in the movement, but social commentary was not fundamental to the style.
Like Pop Art, Precisionism has on occasion been interpreted as a criticism of the de-natured society it portrays, though its artists did not often feel comfortable with this reading of their work.
A painting of black and gray steel-mill smokestacks, thick piping, and crisscrossing wires, with only clouds of smoke to relieve the severity of the image, viewers have been tempted to see this dark painting as a statement of environmental concern.
Possible exceptions to this statement are some of the darker, more claustrophobic city paintings of Louis Lozowick and the comic anti-capitalist satires of Preston Dickinson.
Precisionist artists aimed to convey the geometric and psychological essence of a scene or a structure but intended that essence to be almost immediately accessible.
Most Precisionist imagery is urban: office towers, apartment houses, bridges, tunnels, subway platforms, streets, the skyline and grid of the modern city.
Other artists, however, such as Charles Demuth, Niles Spencer, Ralston Crawford, Sanford Ross, and Charles Sheeler, applied the same approach to more pastoral settings and painted starkly geometric renderings of barns, cottages, country roads, and farm houses.
George Ault, Ralston Crawford, Francis Criss, Stuart Davis, Charles Demuth, Preston Dickinson, Elsie Driggs, Louis Lozowick, Gerald Murphy, Charles Sheeler, Niles Spencer, Morton Schamberg and Joseph Stella, were among the most prominent Precisionists.
Dale Nichols, Millard Sheets, Virginia Berresford, Henry Billings, Peter Blume, Stefan Hirsch, Edmund Lewandowski, John Storrs, Miklos Suba, Sandor Bernath, Herman Trunk, Arnold Wiltz, Clarence Holbrook Carter, Edgar Corbridge and the photographers Paul Strand and Lewis Hine were other artists associated with Precisionism.
The movement had no major presence outside the United States, although it did influence Australian art where Jeffrey Smart adopted its principles.
Her husband, photographer and art dealer Alfred Stieglitz, was a highly regarded mentor for the group and was especially supportive of Paul Strand.
Kresy Wschodnie or simply Kresy (, Borderlands or Eastern Borderlands) was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period (1918–1939).
Historically situated in the eastern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following the 18th-century foreign partitions it was annexed by Russia (except for its southern part, including Lviv, which was taken by the Habsburg Monarchy) and ceded back to Poland in 1921 after the Peace of Riga.
The Pale was established after the Second Partition of Poland and lasted until the 1917 revolution, when the Russian Empire ceased to exist.
However, the population already consisted of various religious and ethnic minorities, which exceeded the number of ethnic Poles, for instance Jews in small towns called shtetls and Ukrainians in the region of Volhynia.
Today, all these regions are divided between Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, and south-eastern Lithuania, with the major cities of Lviv, Vilnius, and Grodno no longer in Poland.
In September 1939, after the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany simultaneously invaded Poland under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, all the territories were forcibly incorporated into the Soviet republics of Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania, often by means of terror.
Soviet territorial annexations during World War II were later ratified by the Allies at the Tehran Conference, the Yalta Conference and at the Potsdam Conference.
When the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, the several parts of Kresy remained within the former Soviet republics as they gained their own independence.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the meaning of the term expanded to include the lands of the former eastern provinces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, east of the line.
Currently, the term applies to all the eastern lands of the Second Polish Republic that are longer within the frontiers of modern Poland, together with lands further east, that had been integral to the Commonwealth before 1772, and where Polish communities continue to exist.
In 1018, King Bolesław I the Brave invaded Kievan Rus (see Boleslaw I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis, 1018), capturing Kiev, and annexing Red Strongholds.
The year 1772 marked the first partition of the Commonwealth of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (see Partitions of Poland).
By 1795, the whole eastern half of the state had been annexed by the Russian Empire in concert with the Habsburgs and Prussia's Hohenzollerns.
Kresy and the superimposed Pale, in the former Polish and Lithuanian territories, had a Jewish population of over five million, and represented the largest community (40%) of the world Jewish population at that time.
Since many local educated inhabitants had actively participated in Polish national insurgencies (November Uprising, January Uprising), the Russian authorities resorted to intensified persecution, confiscations of property and land, penal deportation to Siberia, and the systematic attempt at Russification of Poles and their traditional culture and institutions.
It also comprised about 20% of the territory of European Russia and largely corresponded to historical lands of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Cossack Hetmanate, and the Ottoman Empire (with Crimean Khanate).
The area included in the Pale, with its large Jewish, Uniate and Catholic populations, was acquired through a series of military conquests and diplomatic maneuvers, between 1654 and 1815.
While the religious nature of the edicts creating the Pale is clear: conversion to Russian Orthodoxy, the state religion, released individuals from the strictures - historians argue that the motivations for its creation and maintenance were primarily economic and nationalistic in nature.
The Russian Empire had abandoned Kresy to decline as a vast rural backwater after the original Polish landowners had been disposed of in the wake of insurrections and the Abolition of serfdom in Poland in 1864.
The devastation of country estates put a halt to large scale economic activity which had depended on agriculture, forestry, brewing and small scale industries.
Towards the end of the 19th century the decline was so acute that trade and food supplies became problematic and large scale emigration from towns and villages began as Jewish communities, in particular, began heading West, to Europe and the United States.
By the time of a newly resurgent Polish state, the provinces had been additionally disadvantaged by having the lowest literacy levels in the country, since education had not been compulsory during Russian rule.
The regions had suffered a legacy of decades of neglect and underinvestment so were generally less economically developed than the western parts of interwar Poland.
At that time, Poland had fought three wars to establish its eastern frontier: with Ukraine (see Polish–Ukrainian War), the Soviet Union (see Polish–Soviet War), and with Lithuania (see Polish–Lithuanian War).
In all three conflicts Poland emerged victorious, and as a result, it recovered territories that had been previously annexed under Russian conquest and were east of the Curzon line, plus land formerly absorbed into Austrian Eastern Galicia.
Territories that were included in Kresy during the interbellum period comprised the eastern part of Lwów Voivodeship, Nowogródek Voivodeship, Polesie Voivodeship, Stanisławów Voivodeship, Tarnopol Voivodeship, Wilno Voivodeship, Wołyń Voivodeship, and the eastern part of Białystok Voivideship.
Numerous Polish communities continued to live beyond the eastern border of the Second Polish Republic, especially around Minsk, Zhytomir and Berdychev.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Soviet authorities created two Polish Autonomous Districts in Belarus and Ukraine, but during the Polish operation of the NKVD, most of the Poles in those areas were murdered, while those remaining were forcibly resettled in Kazakhstan (see also Poles in the former Soviet Union).
The new border between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union was re-designated by the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty, signed on September 29, 1939.
After the elections to the People's Assemblies of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, communist governments for Western Ukraine and Western Belarus were formed and immediately announced their intention of joining their respective republics to the Soviet Union (see also Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union).
In January 1944, Soviet troops had reached the former Polish–Soviet border, and by the end of July 1944 they again re-annexed the whole territory that had been taken by the USSR in September 1939 into their control.
During the Tehran Conference in 1943, a new Soviet-Polish border was established, in effect sanctioning most of the Soviet territorial acquisitions of September 1939 (except for some areas around Białystok and Przemyśl), ignoring protests from the Polish government-in-exile in London.
They were relatively closer to the new eastern border of Poland, which could become significant in case of a sudden hoped for return to the East.
Lower Biała was settled by people who used to live in a Bieszczady village of Polana near Ustrzyki Dolne (this area belonged to the Soviet Union until 1951: see 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange), while inhabitants of the village Pyszkowce near Buczacz moved to Upper Biała.
In 1948, people born in the Eastern Borderlands made up 47.5% of the population of Opole, 44.7% of Baborów, 47.5% of Wołczyn, 42.1% of Głubczyce, 40.1% of Lewin Brzeski, and 32.6% of Brzeg.
The town of Jasień was settled by people from the area of Ternopil in late 1945 and early 1946, while Poles from Borschiv moved to Trzcińsko-Zdrój and Chojna.
They travelled in freight or open wagons, and the journeys were long and dangerous, as there was no protection from the military or the police.
In the immediate postwar period, Polish Communists, who ceded the Eastern Borderlands to the Soviet Union, were universally regarded as traitors, and Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Polish Workers' Party, was fully aware of it.
People who moved from the East to the Recovered Territories talked amongst themselves about their return to Lwów and other eastern locations, and the German return to Silesia, as a result of World War III, in which Western Allies would defeat the Soviets.
Eastern settlers did not feel at home in Lower Silesia, and as a result, they did not care about the machinery, households and farms abandoned by Germans.
Lubomierz in 1945 was in good condition, but in the following years, Polish settlers from the area of Czortków in Podolia let it run down and become a ruin.
Zdzisław Mach, a sociologist from the Jagiellonian University, explains that when Poles were forced to resettle in the West, which they resented, they had to leave the land they considered sacred and move to areas inhabited by the enemy.
In addition, Communist authorities did not initially invest in the Recovered Territories because, like the settlers, for a long time they were unsure about the future of these lands.
According to official Polish statistics from interwar period, Poles formed the largest linguistic group in these regions, and were demographically the largest ethnic group in the cities.
Other national minorities included Lithuanians and Karaites (in the north), Jews (scattered in cities and towns across the area), Czechs and Germans (in Wołyń and East Galicia), Armenians and Hungarians (in Lwów) and also Russians and Tartars.
In addition to ethnic Poles in former eastern Poland, there were also large Polish communities in the USSR and in the Baltic states.
The mother of Bogdan Zdrojewski, Minister of Culture and National Heritage is from Boryslav, and the father of former First Lady Jolanta Kwaśniewska was born in Wołyń, where his sister was murdered in 1943 by the Ukrainian nationalists.
The trilogy tells the story of two quarreling families, who after the end of the Second World War were resettled from current Western Ukraine to Lower Silesia, after Poland was shifted westwards.
The July 2012 issue of the Uważam Rze Historia magazine was dedicated to the Eastern Borderlands and their importance in Polish history and culture.
Many Polish organizations are active in the former Eastern Borderlands, such as the Association of Poles in Ukraine, Association of Polish Culture of the Lviv Land, there Federation of Polish Organizations in Ukraine, Union of Poles in Belarus, and the Association of Poles in Lithuania.
There are Polish sports clubs (Pogoń Lwów, FK Polonia Vilnius), newspapers (Gazeta Lwowska, Kurier Wileński), radio stations (in Lviv and Vilnius), many theatres, schools, choirs and folk ensembles.
For example, in Nysa, money is collected to renovate the Roman Catholic church in Lopatyn near Lviv, while residents of Oława collect funds to renovate the church in Sasiv, also in the area of Lviv.
Also, physicians from Kraków's organization Doctors of Hope regularly visit Eastern Borderlands, and Polish Ministry of Education runs a special program, which sends Polish teachers to former Soviet Union.
In Vilnius, there is the Wróblewski Library, with 160,000 volumes and 30,000 manuscripts, which now belong to the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.
Adolf Juzwenko, current president of Wrocław's office of the Ossolineum, says that in 1945, there was a mass public campaign in Poland, aimed at transporting the whole Ossolineum to Wrocław.
It succeeded in recovering only 200,000 volumes, as the Soviets decided that the bulk of the library had to remain in Lviv.
Even though Poland lost its Eastern Borderlands in the aftermath of World War II, Poles connected with the Kresy still keep a flame burning for those lands.
Polish academics from Lwów established the Polish University of Wrocław (taking over from the old German University of Breslau) and Silesian University of Technology.
In Lubaczów is a Museum of Kresy, and there is a project, supported by local government, to create a Museum of Eastern Borderlands in Wrocław, the city where a number of Poles from Kresy settled after World War II.
In January, February and March 2012, Centre for Public Opinion Research did a survey, asking Poles about their ties to Kresy.
It turned out that almost 15% of the population of Poland (4,3 - 4,6 million people) declared that they either were born in the Kresy, or have a parent or a grandparent from that region.
To Polish speakers in Poland, Kresy dialects are easy to distinguish, as their pronunciation and intonation are markedly different from standard Polish.
Before World War II, the Kresy provinces were part of Poland, and both dialects were in common usage, spoken by millions of ethnic Poles.
After the war and Soviet annexation of Kresy, however, the majority of ethnic Poles were deported westward, resulting in a severe decline in the number of native speakers.
The northern Kresy dialect is still used along the Lithuanian-Belarusian border, where Poles still live in large numbers, but the southern Kresy dialect is endangered, as Poles in western Ukraine do not form a majority of the population in any district.
Particularly notable among the Kresy dialects is the Lwów dialect which emerged early in the 19th century and was spoken in the city gaining much recognition in the 1920s and 1930s, partly due to the countrywide popularity of numerous Kresy-born and trained actors and comedians whose native speech it was (see also: Dialects of the Polish language).
It was mainly used to provision, protect and repair the various merchant marine convoys to Quebec, Halifax, and the United Kingdom.
It was a main combat zone during the Battle of the St. Lawrence and the more general Battle of the Atlantic.
During the 1950s, the base was renovated and it became Sydney's second largest employer, after the Dominion Steel and Coal Company's steel plant, with about 650 personnel stationed there.
The Progressive Conservative Diefenbaker government tried to close it in 1958, but it was deemed useful by NATO allies during the early stages of the Cold War.
In 1965, following the base's closure, the Canadian Coast Guard College was located in some of the unused navy facilities, and used the base's jetties.
The college continued to use these facilities throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, until a custom-built campus opened on an adjacent property in Edwardsville in 1981.
Goddard College is a private low-residency college with three locations in the United States: Plainfield, Vermont; Port Townsend, Washington; and Seattle, Washington.
With predecessor institutions dating to 1863, Goddard College was founded in 1938 as an experimental and non-traditional educational institution based on the ideas of John Dewey: that experience and education are intricately linked.
First developed for Goddard's MFA in Creative Writing Program, Goddard College operated a mix of residential, low-residency, and distance-learning programs starting in 1963 before switching to a system of 100% low-residency programs with the closure of its Residential Undergraduate Program in 2002.
In most programs, each student designs their own curriculum and the college uses a student self-directed, mentored system in which faculty issue narrative evaluations of students' progress as they fulfill their program's degree criteria.
Goddard offers a Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA), Master of Arts (MA), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), along with several concentrations and Licensures.
But the opening of many good public high schools in the 20th century made many of the New England academies obsolete.
In 1936, under his leadership, the Seminary concluded that in order for Goddard to survive, an entirely new institution would need to be created.
Pitkin was supported by Stanley C. Wilson, ex-governor of Vermont and chairman of the Goddard Seminary Board of Trustees; Senators George Aiken and Ralph Flanders and Dorothy Canfield Fisher.
Pitkin was able to persuade the Board of Trustees to embrace a new style of education, one that substituted individual attention, democracy, and informality for the traditionally austere and autocratic educational model.
For its first 21 years of operation, Goddard was unaccredited and small, but built a reputation as one of the most innovative colleges in the country.
Especially noteworthy were Goddard's use of discussion as the basic method in classroom teaching; its emphasis on the whole lives of students in determining personal curricula; its incorporation of practical work into the life of every student; and its development of the college as a self-governing learning community in which everyone had a voice.
There was a great need for a program for adults who had not completed college, to obtain degrees without disrupting their family lives or careers.
These programs included the Goddard Experimental Program for Further Education, Design Build Program, Goddard Cambridge Program for Social Change, Third World Studies Program, Institute for Social Ecology, Single Parent Program and many others.
Having narrative transcripts instead of traditional letter grades, as well as learner-designed curricula, Goddard was one of the founding members of the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, which also included Franconia, Nasson, Antioch, and others.
The campus in Plainfield was founded in 1938 on the grounds of a late 19th-century model farm: The Greatwood Farm & Estate consists of shingle style buildings and gardens designed by Arthur Shurcliff.
The Village of Learning, consisting of eleven dormitory buildings, was constructed adjacent to the ensemble of renovated farm buildings in 1963 to accommodate an increasing student population.
On March 7, 1996 the Greatwood campus was recognized for its historic and architectural significance with its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.
A US Army post from 1902 to 1953, much of the fort has been renovated and turned into a year-round, multi-use facility dedicated to lifelong learning which houses several organizations that comprise Fort Worden State Park.
The MA in Education program, originally held in the Plainfield-based low-residency program, expanded into Columbia City, one of Seattle's most ethnically and racially diverse neighborhoods, in 2011.
Students can focus on such areas as intercultural studies, dual language, early childhood, cultural arts, and community education, and then create their plan of studies for each semester.
The program is also different in that it is designed to serve students who cannot leave their families and communities for the residency.
In addition to fulfilling academic criteria in the subjects of the arts, the humanities, mathematics, natural sciences and social sciences, undergraduate students must also demonstrate critical thinking and writing, understanding of social and ecological contexts, positive self-development and thoughtful action within their learning processes.
The intensive low-residency model requires that students come to campus every six months for approximately eight days when students engage in a variety of activities and lectures from early morning until late in the evening and create detailed study plans.
When low-residency education began at Goddard, packets were actual packets of paper sent via the mail, but with the advancement of the internet, most packets are sent electronically and may contain artwork, audio files, photography, video and web pages in addition to writing.
The schedule and format of these packets differ from program to program, and content varies with each student-faculty correspondence, but almost always focuses on research, writing, and reflection related to each student's individualized study plan.
The Eliot D. Pratt Center and Library, located in Plainfield, Vermont serves the entire Goddard College community, and is open to the public.
The building also houses several administrative offices, an Archives room with artifacts from the 1800s to present, an Art Gallery, and WGDR (91.1 FM), a college/community radio station serving Central Vermont since 1973.
Goddard is home to Goddard College Community Radio, a community-based, non-commercial, listener-supported educational radio station with nearly 70 volunteer programmers who live and work in central and northern Vermont and who range in age from 12 to 78 years.
Goddard College Community Radio is the largest non-commercial community radio station in Vermont and is the only non-commercial station in the state other than the statewide Vermont Public Radio network that receives funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
The Haybarn Theatre was built in 1868 by the Martin Family and was one of the largest barns in Central Vermont.
In 1938 when Goddard College purchased Greatwood Farm they began the process of turning the farm buildings into academic and student spaces.
For almost 75 years the Haybarn Theatre has been a place where the local community and the College come together to enjoy and appreciate the arts.
This long tradition continues to this day as the Haybarn hosts educational conferences, student and community performances and the ongoing Goddard College Concert Series.
In June 1970 Goddard hosted the Alternative Media Conference which attached more than 1,600 radio DJs and others involved in independent media from all over the United States.
In 2014, the graduating class of the college's undergraduate program selected convicted murderer and Goddard alumnus Mumia Abu-Jamal as commencement speaker.
Abu-Jamal, who had attended Goddard as an undergraduate in the 1970s, completed his Goddard degree from prison via mail while serving his sentence for the 1982 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner.
The decision to invite Abu-Jamal to speak was criticized by Faulkner's widow, US Senator Pat Toomey, the Vermont Troopers Association, the Vermont Police Chiefs Association, the Fraternal Order of Police, and the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections.
Initially operating on the North America and West Indies Station, the cruiser was transferred to the Australian Squadron in 1903, and remained there until the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) took over responsibility in 1913.
At the recommendation of the Australian government, the ship was commissioned into the RAN in 1915, and assigned to patrol the coast of Burma, in response to the threat of a German-instigated uprising.
The ship was sold for use as a timber lighter in 1922, and sank in 1940 at Salamander Bay, New South Wales following a storm.
She had a displacement of 2,135 tons, was long overall and long between perpendiculars, had a beam of , and a draught of .
The cruiser was armed with eight single QF guns, eight single QF 3-pounder guns, two 4.7-inch guns, two field guns, three Maxim machine guns, and two torpedo tubes sited above the waterline.
She was at Bermuda in March 1902, visited Colón, Panama in early May, and Havana in late May 1902; and was in Nicaragua in July 1902, when the government captured revolutionists from an attempted coup.
The following month she left Bermuda homeward bound, returning to Devonport on 20 August, to pay off on 5 September when she was placed in the D division of the dockyard reserve.
In December 1903, she was transferred to the Royal Navy's Australian Squadron, where she served until October 1913, when the Australia Station was handed to the control of the fledgling RAN.
Command of the Burma Coast Patrol was passed to Captain George Hutter of on 20 September, with Feakes appointed as Senior Naval Officer Burma and overall commander of the three British India vessels and ten coastal launches.
On 17 January 1916, the demobilisation of the Burma Coast Patrol was ordered, as the threat of insurrection in India and Burma had ceased, and German machinations had focused on the Malay Peninsula.
On 12 February, seven stokers refused duty in protest over the poor quality of food being provided to the sailors aboard.
All seven were found guilty of disobeying orders, and were punished with prison sentences between 12 and 14 months, plus dismissal from the RAN.
Also during July, sickness ran through the ship, with 67 personnel sent to the naval hospital ashore, while another 41 were treated aboard: about 60% of the ship's company were unfit for duty during this period.
Recurring illnesses had been a problem while the ship operated in tropical climates, and the ship's surgeon recommended the ship be deployed to cooler regions.
These continued until 14 October, when the cruiser was assigned to Singapore for further patrols of the Bay of Bengal and Sumatra.
The wreck was used by RAN clearance divers for training between 1950 and 1973, and was later broken up during an underwater demolitions exercise.
Although the weapon was a technical success, it never entered full production due to the political changes of German reunification and lack of procurement contract.
During 1968–1969, the government of what was then West Germany started a feasibility study into a future assault rifle and three contracts were awarded respectively to Diehl, IWKA Mauser and Heckler & Koch (based in Oberndorf).
The designers were given a free hand as to the methods used, but Heckler & Koch realized that the only way to obtain any significant improvement was to radically change the approach.
From the very beginning, it was obvious the required hit probability could not be achieved with common iron sights, hence, it was given equal importance.
The Hensoldt AG, having delivered 100,000 optical sights for the G3, cooperated with H&K on developing a small sight with low power magnification which would allow target acquisition with both eyes.
As the weapon was to be short only 37 cm would have been left for a sightline, too short for a common iron sight, hence, it was out of the question.
It was based on an old and nearly forgotten patent, and a modernized model had to be built by a master from the assembly department.
By 1970, studies progressed far enough to allow the construction of an automatic single- and 3-shot burst model but without full-automatic operation.
At the end of September/beginning October 1971, the weapon was fully completed with full automatic fire and chambered for 4.9 mm and fed from the side.
In January 1973, the defence ministries of West Germany and Great Britain agreed on exchanging information on development of infantry weaponry and ammunition.
West Germany was to work on caseless ammunition while Great Britain would work on optimizing a firearm for 4.85x45 mm ammunition.
Meanwhile, the German defence ministry targeted unveiling of the weapon to NATO in 1975 and field test of the first weapon to begin in 1976.
In the summer of 1973, the ministry took on stock to see that none of the competitors could present a war ready weapon.
Together with the Federal Office of Defense Technology and Procurement (FODTP)(Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung) it was decided to select H&K's rotating breech for further study and development.
In early November 1973, at a NATO workshop conference in Brussels West Germany was appointed to develop the 2nd generation (rifleman) rifle.
NATO wide testing would commence in 1977 with the goal of having a 2nd smaller caliber weapon alongside the 7.62×51mm NATO round rifle.
The contrast requirements in adverse condition and added features like variable brightness, distance settings drove cost up exceeding that of a proper scope of similar size.
After the contract with the FODTP ended H&K, Dynamit Nobel and Hensoldt were forced to continue development on their own with their private funds.
In 1978, Mauser competed with their own weapon chambered for caliber 4.7 mm in a conventional case design but ultimately lost to the H&K G11.
On 28 October 1980, NATO approved the standardization (STANAG 4172) of 5.56×45mm NATO as second small caliber cartridge for use within the alliance.
The final development of the ammunition was completed toward the end of 1988 with the same dimensions as 4 years earlier.
At the same time the Cabinet of Germany (Bundesregierung) confirmed questions by the Bundestag about the signing of a contract in early 1990 for the adoption of the G11 and that it is part the budget (Haushalt 1990 EPL 14).
In April 1990, the ACR program ended with the decision not to adopt any of the ACR rifles as none met the requirement of doubling hit probability.
In November 1990, the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed which puts limits on the numbers of conventional military equipment in Europe and mandates the destruction of excess weaponry.
In January 1992, the Federal Audit Office (Bundesrechnungshof) recommended not to procure the G11 just yet and Defence Minister Gerhard Stoltenberg struck the G11 from the procurement list.
The development of the G11 from 1974 to 1989 had cost the tax payer 84.1 million DM, while leaving H&K with a debt of 180 million DM.
H&K was permitted by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle) to export the rifle to 80 countries, and give licenses to 15 countries.
In May 2007, the caseless ammunition was scaled and adapted to the 5.56 mm projectile in a telescoped and round form.
The ammunition has also been designated as 4.92mm because for the HK G11 ACR, a variant developed for US Military trials, the US convention of groove to groove measurements of the bore was employed, rather than land-land.
The projectile is 4.93 mm in diameter with a case length of 33 mm, the US case length measurement is 34 mm since for the ACR trials the chamber length, not the actual case length was used.
However, the 4.73mm is much less likely to tumble when hitting or penetrating a soft target, and thus not as lethal.
Tests have been run using a prototype shotgun test-bed called CAWS to see whether a single-shot, multi-projectile system could achieve the range and hit probability requirements.
The results indicated that the use of serially fired projectiles at a high rate of fire would achieve a tight shotgun-like pattern with rifle-like accuracy up to the required range.
The rifle was designed to have a dispersion such that a man-target running at a speed of 6 km/h at a distance of 250 m would be hit even if the lead angle error (2 mil) was off by 51 cm.
The weapon itself has three firing modes: semi-auto, full-auto at 460 rounds per minute, and three-round burst at over 2100 cyclic rounds per minute, or approximately 36 rounds per second.
The rounds are oriented vertically (at 90 degrees to the bore) and are fed downwards into the rotary chamber so that they can be rotated 90 degrees for firing.
Even though the rotary chamber does not lock up in the true sense of the word, the fact that it has to rotate in and out of alignment with the barrel means that the G11 can be considered to have a lock/unlock phase.
If a round fails to fire or the weapon is being used with training rounds, the rifle can be manually unloaded by twisting the cocking handle counterclockwise.
This pushes the failed/training round out an emergency ejection port on the bottom of the rifle and loads the next round.
The recoil in the three-round burst is not felt by the weapon's user until after the third round has left the chamber.
When the barrel and mechanism reaches the rearmost point in its travel, the recoil springs push it forward back into its normal forward position.
When firing in semi-auto and full-auto modes, the rifle loads and fires only one round per movement of the internal mechanism.
The internal workings of the rifle were rather complex compared to those of some earlier designs, with the mechanism being compared to the inside of a compact clock.
The number of hours of maintenance required for the G11 as compared to other designs is not clear, especially since the effect of the powder used in the caseless ammo remains unknown.
Designers claimed that, because there was no ejection cycle, the internal mechanisms would have little chance to get exposed to external dust, dirt and sand, which would supposedly reduce the need for cleaning.
There were reports that due to the high tolerances required to seal off the front and rear chamber openings the expected life of the contacting parts was around 6000 rounds before maintenance was required.
Premature ignition of ammunition from heat in the chamber, known as cook-off, was a major problem with early prototypes of the G11 where synthetically bound nitrocellulose, formed into blocks, was used.
Normally, when a cartridge is fed into a chamber, its case insulates the propellant from igniting until its impact-sensitive primer is struck by a firing pin or striker.
The case aids in insulating the propellant from the heat of the chamber and it takes time for the temperature to rise sufficiently, inside a chambered round, to ignite the propellant.
As a result of doing away with traditional cases, the G11 became a safety hazard and had to be withdrawn from the 1979 NATO trials.
The high rate of fire and lack of cartridge cases made cooking off a significant problem since the heat buildup in the G11 chamber was immense, due to the chamber having no provision for cooling, as with a reciprocating bolt system which allows hot air to leave the chamber when the bolt is retracted and the chamber is exposed to air.
The vertically swiveling chamber furthermore made gas sealing at each end at such high pressures impractical, as opposed to a cross-sectional round-inside-round bolt-to-chamber fit with appropriate gas sealing.
To solve this, Heckler and Koch formed a partnership with Dynamit Nobel, which redesigned the cartridge to use a new high ignition temperature propellant (HITP).
The cook-off problem was reduced by using a denatured HMX propellant with a special binder and coating for the ammunition that increased the spontaneous ignition temperature by another 100 °C above that of standard, nitrocellulose (180 °C) propellant.
This allowed the 50-cartridge magazine to carry the maximum amount of propellant in a minimum of space, since the wasted space between rounds that accompanies the use of cylindrical cartridges was eliminated.
The issue of heat removal from caseless-firing weapons as well as methods of igniting them continue to be researched by other companies.
An alternative route was taken by the Austrian company Voere, whose Voere VEC-91 uses a caseless, electrically-fired round developed by Austrian inventor Hubert Usel.
This technique makes it possible to greatly increase the ignition temperature of the ammunition while maintaining the ability to fire it.
This would increase the maximum rate and duration a gun could fire at before cooking off rounds, but the VEC-91 never took advantage of this, since it was a bolt-action rifle.
The 4.73×33mm projectile was required to defeat NATO and Warsaw Pact armor at 300–400 m (Document 14) but was advertised to meet the requirement at 600 m. This fact was neither confirmed nor denied by the West German government, citing inability to disclose such information.
It was to use a shortened 4.73×25 mm cartridge and meet the same requirements now fulfilled by the HK 4.6×30mm: Armor piercing of NATO CRISAT Technology Area 1 (TA1) out to 300 m; Level II out to 25 m; lethal suppression fire against unarmored targets out to 450 m.
By 2004, the technology developed for the G11 was licensed for the Lightweight Small Arms Technologies project, the current project of which is a light machine gun prototype for the US Army.
The design is intended to be able to proceed with either a cased cartridge using a composite case or a caseless ammunition design developed from the G11.
Both ammunition designs are telescoped ammunition like that used by the G11, however the current ammunition design has a plastic case in contrast to the fully caseless G11 ammunition.
The Judy Garland Show is an American musical variety television series that aired on CBS on Sunday nights during the 1963–1964 television season.
Garland, who for years had been reluctant to commit to a weekly series, saw the show as her best chance to pull herself out of severe financial difficulties.
The series had three different producers in the course of its 26 episodes and went through a number of other key personnel changes.
With the change in producers also came changes to the show's format, which started as comedy and variety but switched to an almost purely concert format.
The relationship between CBS and Garland and her then-husband and manager, Sid Luft, dissolved in acrimony in 1957, after they and agent Freddie Fields were unable to come to terms with the network over the format of her next special.
(CBS filed a counterclaim) that was not settled until 1961, when Garland and CBS each agreed to drop their claims and negotiations began for a new round of Garland specials for the network.
Alternately promoted as a preview and a pilot for Garland's upcoming regular series, this special was also nominated for an Emmy.
Judy Garland's four-year contract for the series called for 26 weekly shows, for which Garland's corporation, Kingsrow Enterprises, would be paid $140,000 per episode.
Although Garland had said as early as 1955 that she would never do a weekly television series, in the early 1960s she was in a financially precarious situation.
The network initially offered the producer's job to Bob Banner, who was at the time producing a series for Garry Moore.
Unbeknownst to Hobin, George Schlatter had been lobbying on the West Coast for the producer job and was signed to produce.
Multiple Academy Award-winner Edith Head was engaged to design Garland's costumes, while Ray Aghayan, who Schlatter knew from their work together with Dinah Shore, was hired to costume Garland's guests.
Mel Tormé was brought on as musical arranger and to write special musical material, and would also appear as a guest on the program.
The network had gone to great expense to prepare the studio, including an estimated $100,000 to raise the stage and install a separate revolving stage.
Garland's dressing room was a 110 ft × 40 ft trailer which had been decorated as a replica of her newly purchased Brentwood home.
Garland's old friend and frequent MGM co-star Mickey Rooney was, at Garland's insistence, her first guest—although, because the network elected to air the series out of production order, this was actually the tenth episode to be broadcast.
Varying reports have Schlatter being fired by James Aubrey, Jr. (president of CBS) or by Garland herself, but in either case, production was suspended for five weeks.
Replacing Schlatter as executive producer was Norman Jewison, who shared a vision for the series that was closer to that of Aubrey's.
That vision was that Garland was too glamorous for television and that she needed her series to present her in a more conventional light.
Reviews were generally favorable (see below), though Jerry Van Dyke's supporting role was heavily criticized; Van Dyke was let go from the cast after the tenth produced episode.
Colleran revamped the format yet again, doing away with the insulting humor and focusing the show more on Garland and her singing, although there were still comedy elements in Colleran's initial episodes, with guests such as Bob Newhart and Shelley Berman.
As well, Ken Murray was briefly featured as a regular, showing his home movies of Hollywood stars, but was dropped after four episodes.
Officially, it was reported that it was Garland who exited the series, as explained in a letter released by CBS, supposedly from Garland to Aubrey, advising him that she wanted to spend more time caring for her children.
During these final episodes, following Show 22 specifically, Tormé was fired and was replaced by Bobby Cole, a musician Garland had met recently in New York.
Other negative reviews were in a similar vein, focusing on Van Dyke in particular and the show's format and writing in general.
In addition to the replacement of key production staff and constantly revising the format, Garland was also summoned to New York to receive such bits of information as she was touching her guests too much and was instructed to stop.
As well, Van Dyke was let go almost immediately after the reviews came out, taping his last show on October 11.
Nevertheless, numerous episodes featuring Van Dyke had already completed taping and would continue to air, meaning that the changes in the show's format would not be apparent to viewers for several weeks.
Accordingly, reviews about the show's format (as opposed to Garland's singing) continued to be negative, as the Garland-deprecating humor continued to attract criticism rather than viewers.
Green Mountain College was a private liberal arts college in Poultney, Vermont, United States, at the foot of the Taconic Mountains between the Green Mountains and Adirondacks.
The college had a core set of courses known as the Environmental Liberal Arts curriculum, in environmental and natural sciences, writing, reading, history and philosophy.
In 1863 the school's name changed to Ripley Female College; in 1874 back to Troy Conference Academy; and in 1937 to Green Mountain Junior College.
On January 23, 2019, Green Mountain's President, Robert W. Allen, announced that, due to financial problems, the college would close at the end of the 2019 academic year.
Arizona's Prescott College — which also focuses on the environment and sustainability — agreed to allow Green Mountain students to complete their degrees at Prescott.
Green Mountain College offered 23 undergraduate majors GMC also offered the following graduate degrees: an MBA in Sustainable Business; MS in Environmental Studies; MS in Sustainable Food Systems; and MS in Resilient and Sustainable Communities.
Based on the ideas of philosopher John Dewey and formed on a philosophy similar to that of Goddard College, a Vermont institution recognized for its dedication to progressive education, the students in the program defined their own education goals and worked with faculty members individually to meet them.
The award recognizes Green Mountain for commitment to environmental sustainability in its governance and administration, curriculum and research, operations, campus culture, and community outreach.
Students installed a wind turbine to power the campus green house and solar panel on the roof of the student center.
SCGF money was used to install bike racks, purchase recycling bins, use bio-diesel in campus maintenance equipment, and upgrade the alternative energy systems that powered the farm greenhouse.
According to the college, its choral group was the only collegiate choir in the United States with a repertoire of Welsh language music.
Dignity Health Sports Park, formerly Home Depot Center and StubHub Center, is a multiple-use sports complex located on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills in Carson, California, that consists of a soccer stadium, a separate tennis stadium, a track and field facility, and a velodrome: VELO Sports Center.
It is approximately south of downtown Los Angeles and its primary tenant is the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer (MLS).
With a seating capacity of 27,000, it is the largest soccer-specific stadium in the U.S. and the second-largest among its kind in MLS, after Toronto FC's BMO Field in Ontario, Canada.
In addition to hosting LA Galaxy games since its opening, the stadium also served as the home of the now-defunct Chivas USA MLS team from 2005 to 2014.
When the venue opened in June 2003 as the new home of LA Galaxy, a number of special events took place in celebration.
In addition to the soccer stadium, Dignity Health Sports Park features the 2,450-seat VELO Sports Center (velodrome), an 8,000-seat tennis stadium.
In 2017, to accommodate the Chargers' use of the stadium, upgrades were made at cost to the Chargers including bleachers in the second deck on the east side of the stadium being replaced by tip-up seats and moved to the berm on the north side, adding 1,000 seats.
Also, the luxury suites were renovated with new seats, furniture, community tables, and engineered hardwood floors and the press box underwent an upgrade with a third row added to the main box, boosting capacity from about 35 to 53.
Floors were constructed on the roof of the luxury suites so an auxiliary press box could be built on both sides of the main box.
Two new radio booths were built outside the south side of the press box, and a large new booth on the north side which serves as a security command post for police and NFL officials was constructed.
Two booths were added on each side of the press box for the NFL-mandated 20-yard-line television cameras, and a stairway allowing access to the roof of the main box was built to accommodate the 50-yard-line camera.
Aside from being home to the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer, it was also home to two defunct clubs, the MLS team Chivas USA as well as Los Angeles Sol of the Women's Professional Soccer.
Both the United States women's and men's national soccer teams often use the facility for training camps and select home matches.
The track and field stadium on the site is also home to the LA Galaxy II of the USL Championship, farm club to the parent Galaxy.
The stadium hosted the first three editions (2004–06) of the USA Sevens, an annual international rugby sevens competition that is part of the World Rugby Sevens Series, and will again host that event on February 29 to March 1, 2020.
It was also the location for the State Championship Bowl Games for high school football teams in the state of California from 2006 to 2014.
The Semper Fidelis All America game was held there on January 5, 2014, featuring an East vs West high school matchup.
The first college football game was held at the stadium on January 21, 2012, as the AstroTurf NFLPA Collegiate Bowl, with the National Team beating the American Team 20–14.
It is also the home of the Adidas Running Club, a member of the USA Elite Running Circuit, and the Adidas Track Classic.
The facility has also hosted several high-profile professional boxing matches, including Andre Ward vs. Arthur Abraham, Brandon Ríos vs. Urbano Antillón, Shawn Porter vs. Kell Brook and matches featuring other notable fighters.
The Los Angeles Chargers had a three-year tenure at Dignity Health Sports Park from 2017 to 2019, while SoFi Stadium in Inglewood was being built.
During the team's three seasons at the stadium, they compiled an even 11–11 record while frequently dealing with high numbers of spectators supporting the opposing team due to the combined reasons of the Chargers building a fan-base in the Los Angeles area and spectators opting to see their team compete in a small setting for the NFL.
In 2007 it received the bands Héroes del Silencio, in their Tour 2007, and Soda Stereo in their Me Verás Volver tour 2007.
In 2017, the LA Galaxy launched a shuttle bus service with two routes connecting Dignity Health Sports Park with the Harbor Gateway Transit Center and Del Amo station, operated by Long Beach Transit.
Founded in 1828 by John Chesamore, in 2018 it was merged with the former Lyndon State College to create Northern Vermont University.
The town of Johnson, and a part of neighboring Cambridge, Vermont together once made up the King's College Tract, a land grant chartered by King George III in 1774 for the eventual expansion of King's College in New York, today's Columbia University.
Following the Declaration of Independence, and the emergence of the Vermont Republic, the town was instead granted to William Samuel Johnson by Vermont's Council of Censors in 1782.
Early on Johnson embraced the ideas of learning from experience, and the role of the student in directing some part of their curriculum.
A commitment to educating the whole student in an interdisciplinary manner, begun in the 1920s and 1930s, set in place a history of bringing visiting poets, playwrights, politicians, and artists to the college.
Recent visitors to the campus include Japanese and Cuban drummers, New Orleans jazz musicians, and Buddhist monks who installed an environmental art work at Lower Pond.
The original campus was built in the village of Johnson and over time, the college expanded; slowly building higher upon what is now called College Hill, finally settling upon a plateau above the village with a view of Sterling Mountain and the Sterling Mountain Range.
Today the college is a part of the Vermont State Colleges, a consortium of five colleges governed by a common board of trustees, chancellor, and Council of Presidents, each college with its own president and deans.
Men's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis, track & field, and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball.
In 2018, women's triathlon was added to the varsity sports roster, representing the only NCAA institution in New England to carry women's triathlon as a varsity sport.
The student is engaged not solely on her or his degree program, but as an adult citizen with emphasis on their place in, and contribution to, their society, nation, and world.
Degree programs include the natural sciences, business, fine and performing arts, education, mathematics, literature, health sciences, writing and literature, and hospitality and tourism management.
Nearly 60% of undergraduate students come from Vermont, with approximately 40% coming from other U.S. states and more than a dozen nations.
Named for Arthur J. Dibden, president of Johnson State College 1967-69, Dibden oversaw the expansion and development of the fine and performing arts programs.
The center is located on the southwest side of the campus and houses the college's Dance, Music, and Theater programs as well as gallery exhibition space for the Fine Arts programs.
The striking late modernist building, whose sculptural roofline echoes the contours of the Sterling Mountain Range–its backdrop to the south, is the work of architect Robert Burley.
The large 500-seat Dibden Theater with a 44' proscenium stage is the centerpiece of the performing arts facilities at the center.
Practice and instruction rooms wrap around the theater and the Julian Scott Memorial Gallery on the front of the center showcases exhibitions of fine art and design by the college's fine art students as well as travelling exhibitions and the work of visiting artists.
The Dibden Center for the Arts houses the faculties of the Department of Music and the Department of Theater, a recording studio, music studios, practice rooms, classrooms and a piano laboratory.
Recitals and concerts, theater and contemporary dance performances, and open rehearsals bring performing arts into the daily life of the college.
One of the best aspects of Dibden is the fact that it is fully student run, both working Front of House and backstage, so there is always learning and working opportunity for students that seek work opportunities and those who would like to learn more about the theater.
Johnson's Library and Learning Center (LLC) opened in 1996 and incorporates the collections of the older John Dewey Library with expanded collections and new technology.
The LLC houses the largest collections of fine arts publications in Vermont and is a designated National Archives and Records Administration repository.
The LLC was designed by the architectural firm of Gossens Bachman Architects and has won numerous awards for its architecture and environmental efficiency.
John Dewey Hall on the south side of the quadrangle was built in 1963 in the International Style; to house the college's library.
Today the building houses the college bookstore, the office of the Dean of Students, the Student Association, the Registration and Advising Center, TRIO, academic advising, and career & internship offices.
Johnson's Visual Arts Center (VAC) houses the college's Visual Arts Programs, which was renovated in 2012, with studios for design, drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, sculpture, ceramics and woodworking.
The VAC augments exhibition space at the Julian Scott Memorial Gallery in the Dibden Center with a gallery for exhibiting works in progress and student projects.
Exhibition programs support and expand the studio curriculum, providing students with frequent opportunities to share their work and receive input; and, by exhibiting faculty and visiting artists' work, providing insights into teachers’ approaches to making art and critique.
Exhibitions in many mediums both of work produced within the college, and by work exhibited by visiting artists exposes students to a wide range of contemporary thinking and art-making methods.
Students in their junior and senior years, especially those presenting thesis level work exhibit in the Julian Scott Memorial Gallery at the Dibden Center for the Arts.
Wilson Bentley Hall, designed by noted architect Robert Burley, houses the faculties of the Department of Mathematics, and the Department of Environmental and Health Sciences.
A 200-seat lecture hall with digital projection facilities, an interactive television studio, and laboratories for biology, chemistry, physical sciences, cartography, and geographic information systems.
The Babcock Nature Preserve, located ten miles from Johnson in Eden, Vermont is a 1,000 acre (4 km²) tract of forest land owned and maintained by the college for scientific and educational study.
The summer field program at the Babcock Nature Preserve features a number of intensive courses designed to provide field experience in the environmental and natural sciences.
Elseworlds was the publication imprint for American comic books produced by DC Comics for stories that took place outside the DC Universe canon.
From 1942 to the mid-1980s, particularly during the 1960s — the era of the Silver Age of Comic Books — DC Comics began to make a distinction between the continuity of its fictional universe and stories with plots that did not fit that continuity.
In addition to other things, when the opening credits roll and state that the cartoons are based on DC Comics, Lois Lane states that she has never heard of DC Comics.
In the final panel, Clark Kent exchanges a knowing wink with the image of himself as Superman on the movie screen.
In the optimistic and hopeful Silver Age of Comics, such stories usually would not be told; this was hinted with writers telling readers how such an Imaginary Story often reassured the readers that it did not really happen.
Possible present times were shown, such as one story where Jonathan and Martha Kent, touched by pity, adopt a recently orphaned Bruce Wayne and raise him along with their own son, Clark.
In keeping with the fact that imaginary stories allowed for much grimmer stories than usual, the story ended with Lex Luthor killing the Kents and Batman trying to murder him in revenge.
Batman editor Jack Schiff supervised stories in which the Dark Knight starts a family or loses his identity, though these were revealed at the end of the story to be stories written by Alfred.
He is a laureate of multiple literary awards including the Russian Little Booker Prize (1993) and the Russian National Bestseller (2004).
His books are multi-layered postmodernist texts fusing elements of pop culture and esoteric philosophies while carrying conventions of the science fiction genre.
Victor Olegovich Pelevin was born in Moscow on 22 November 1962 to Zinaida Semenovna Efremova, an English teacher, and Oleg Anatolyevich Pelevin, a teacher at the military department of Bauman University.
In 1979 Pelevin graduated from an elite high school with a special English program located on Stanislavskogo Street in the centre of Moscow, now Kaptsov Gymnasium #1520.
Pelevin has repeatedly said that despite the fact that his characters use drugs, he is not an addict even though he has experimented with mind-expanding substances in his youth.
While studying at the Institute Pelevin met the young novelist Albert Egazarov and the poet Victor Kulle, later a literary critic.
In 1997 the novel won Russia's Strannik Award for science fiction, and in 2001 it was shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award.
Representatives of Eksmo claimed that it was a result of a theft, but some speculated that it was a marketing ploy.
The author received the third award of the fifth season of the Big Book award (2009-2010) and won the reader choice vote.
Pelevin is known for not being a part of the literary crowd, rarely appearing in public or giving interviews and preferring to communicate on the internet.
For instance, it has been suggested that the writer does not exist and Pelevin is actually a code name for a group of authors or even a computer.
In May 2011 it was reported that Pelevin would personally attend the award ceremony SuperNatsBest, which would have been the writer's first appearance in public.
Pelevin's prose is usually devoid of dialogue between the author and the reader, whether through plot, character development, literary form or narrative language.
This corresponds to his philosophy (both stated and unstated) that, for the most part, it is the reader who infuses the text with meaning.
The region around Nowra is a farming community, sustaining a thriving dairy industry and a number of State forests, but is also increasingly a retirement and leisure area for Canberra and Sydney.
The Nowra region, south of Bomaderry Creek was inhabited by the Wodi-Wodi tribe of the Yuin nation while north of Bomaderry Creek was inhabited by the Dharawal Aboriginal people prior to European arrival.
Around 1824, ex-convict Mary Reibey applied for a land grant in the Burrier area, on the southern side of the Shoalhaven River.
The Shoalhaven River meets the sea through the canal that joins the Shoalhaven and Crookhaven Rivers, which was dug by convicts under direction of local entrepreneur and pioneer Alexander Berry.
The population of Nowra - Bomaderry was 37,420 at June 2018; having grown gradually since 2005 when the population was 31,716.
According to the 2006 census, 87.9% of the population of Nowra was born in Australia, with North-West Europe being the most common birthplace of immigrants at 7.5% of the population.
There are a total of 8,248 families, with 2,838 containing two Adults with children under 15 and/or dependent students, and 1,163 being one parent families with children under 15 and/or dependent students.
Nowra has a growing tourist industry, especially in the summer months, when visitors (mostly from Sydney and Canberra) flock to the beaches, to enjoy swimming, surfing, fishing, relaxing in the restaurants and cafés and hunting for treasures in the shops and boutiques.
There are also several non-government schools, which are all denominational; a K-12 Christian-based school located in South Nowra, Nowra Christian School; a K-12 Anglican college in Bomaderry, Nowra Anglican College; and a Catholic systemic high school, St John the Evangelist Catholic High School on the outskirts of Nowra.
There are seven public primary schools in the Nowra area as well: East Nowra Public School, Nowra Public School, Bomaderry Public School, Illaroo Road Public School, North Nowra Public School, Nowra Hill Public School and Terara Public School.
The University of Wollongong also has a campus in Nowra, and there is a campus of TAFE NSW Illawarra Institute located in Bomaderry.
The club won the 2008 premiership in the Illawarra district competition, and has produced international and provincial players such as Andrew Walker and Alex Kanaar.
Australian rules football is played by three clubs from the Shoalhaven area, with the Nowra Albatross Vikings playing at West Street Oval, and the Bomaderry Tigers at Artie Smith Oval.
The Shoalhaven Tigers represent the area in the New South Wales State Basketball League and have won several championships from 1988 until 2007.
He won both Cups easily, and is one of only five horses to have won the Melbourne Cup on two or more occasions, and one of only four horses to have won two successive Cups.
Although Nowra has no direct rail connection, the Illawarra railway line terminates at Bomaderry with NSW TrainLink operating services to Kiama and Sydney.
Chinook winds , or simply Chinooks, are föhn winds in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and Great Plains meet various mountain ranges, although the original usage is in reference to wet, warm coastal winds in the Pacific Northwest.
Chinook winds have been observed to raise winter temperature, often from below −20 °C (−4 °F) to as high as 10–20 °C (50–68 °F) for a few hours or days, then temperatures plummet to their base levels.
The greatest recorded temperature change in 24 hours was caused by Chinook winds on 15 January 1972, in Loma, Montana; the temperature rose from −48 to 9 °C (−54 to 49 °F).
Chinooks are most prevalent over southern Alberta in Canada, especially in a belt from Pincher Creek and Crowsnest Pass through Lethbridge, which get 30–35 Chinook days per year, on average.
Chinooks become less frequent further south in the United States, and are not as common north of Red Deer, but they can and do occur annually as far north as High Level in northwestern Alberta and Fort St. John in northeastern British Columbia, and as far south as Las Vegas, Nevada, and occasionally to Carlsbad, in eastern New Mexico.
During the winter, driving can be treacherous, as the wind blows snow across roadways, sometimes causing roads to vanish and snowdrifts to pile up higher than a metre.
Empty semitrailer trucks driving along Highway 3 and other routes in southern Alberta have been blown over by the high gusts of wind caused by Chinooks.
Calgary, Alberta also gets many Chinooks – the Bow Valley in the Canadian Rockies west of the city acts as a natural wind tunnel, funneling the chinook winds.
On 27 February 1992, Claresholm, Alberta, a small city just south of Calgary, recorded a temperature of ; again, the next day was recorded.
It is not unheard of for people in Lethbridge to complain of temperatures while those in desert region, just down the road, enjoy temperatures.
This clash of temperatures can remain stationary, or move back and forth, in the latter case causing such fluctuations as a warm morning, a bitterly cold afternoon, and a warm evening.
One of its most striking features is the Chinook arch, a föhn cloud in the form of a band of stationary stratus clouds caused by air rippling over the mountains due to orographic lifting.
Typically, the colours will change throughout the day, starting with yellow, orange, red and pink shades in the morning as the sun comes up, grey shades at midday changing to pink / red colours, and then orange / yellow hues just before the sun sets.
The Chinook is a föhn wind, a rain shadow wind which results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air which has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (orographic lift).
As a consequence of the different adiabatic rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.
The turbulence of the high winds also can prevent the usual nocturnal temperature inversion from forming on the lee side of the slope, allowing night-time temperatures to remain elevated.
Quite often, when the Pacific Northwest coast is being drenched by rain, the windward side of the Rockies is being hammered by snow (as the air loses its moisture), and the leeward side of the Rockies in Alberta is basking in a föhn Chinook.
Two common cloud patterns seen during this time are a chinook arch overhead, and a bank of clouds (also referred to as a cloud wall) obscuring the mountains to the west.
This southeast wind was named for the small village Manyberries, now a hamlet, in southeastern Alberta, from where the wind seems to originate.
The term Chinook wind is also used in British Columbia, and is the original usage, being rooted in the lore of coastal tribes and brought to Alberta by the fur-traders.
The winds are also known as the pineapple express, since they are of tropical origin, roughly from the area of the Pacific near Hawaii.
The air associated with a west coast Chinook is stable; this minimizes wind gusts and often keeps winds light in sheltered areas.
When a Chinook comes in when an Arctic air mass is holding steady over the coast, the tropical dampness brought in suddenly cools, penetrating the frozen air and coming down in volumes of powder snow, sometimes to sea level.
Snowfalls and the cold spells that spawned them only last a few days during a Chinook; as the warm Chinooks blow from the southwest, they push back east the cold Arctic air.
In a rainy spell, most of the heavy moisture will be soaked out by the ramparts of mountains before the air mass reaches the Fraser Canyon and the Thompson River-Okanagan area.
The effects are similar to those of an Alberta Chinook, though not to the same extreme, in part because the Okanagan is relatively warmer than the Prairies, and because of the additional number of precipitation-catching mountain ranges between Kelowna and Calgary.
When the Chinook brings snow to the coast during a period of coastal cold, bright but chilly weather in the interior will give way to a slushy melting of snow, more due to the warm spell than because of rain.
They consist of cold airstreams from the continental air mass pouring out of the interior plateau via certain river valleys and canyons penetrating the Coast Mountains towards the coast.
Currently, the common pronunciation throughout most of the Pacific Northwest, Alberta, and the rest of Canada, is , as in French.
This difference may be because it was the Métis employees of the Hudson's Bay Company, who were familiar with the Chinook people and country, brought the name east of the Cascades and Rockies, along with their own ethnified pronunciation.
Native legend of the Lil'wat subgroup of the St'at'imc tells of a girl named Chinook-Wind, who married Chinook Glacier, and moved to his country, which was in the area of today's Birkenhead River.
They came to her in a vision in the form of snowflakes, and told her they were coming to get her.
They came in great number and quarrelled with Glacier over her, but they overwhelmed him and she went home with them in the end.
While on the one hand this tale tells a tribal family-relations story, and family/tribal history as well, it also seems to be a parable of a typical weather pattern of a southwesterly wind at first bringing snow, then rain, and also of the melting of a glacier, namely the Place Glacier near Gates Lake at Birken.
Thus, it also tells of a migration of people to the area – or a war, depending on how the details of the legend might be read, with Chinook-Wind taking the part of Helen in a First Nations parallel to the Trojan War.
Plants can be visibly brought out of dormancy by persistent Chinook winds, or have their hardiness reduced even if they appear to be remaining dormant.
Many plants which do well at Winnipeg (where constant cold maintains dormancy all winter) are difficult to grow in the Alberta Chinook belt; examples include basswood, some apple, raspberry and Saskatoon varieties, and Amur maples.
Trees in the Chinook-affected areas of Alberta are known to be small, with much less growth than trees in areas not affected by Chinooks.
In mid-winter over major centres such as Calgary, Chinooks can often override cold air in the city, trapping the pollutants in the cold air and causing inversion smog.
At such times, it is possible for it to be cold at street level and much warmer at the tops of the skyscrapers and in higher terrain.
In 1983, on the 45th floor [about 145 m (460 ft) above the street] of the Petro-Canada Center, carpenters worked shirtless in +12 °C, windy conditions (temperature reported to them by overhead crane operator), but were chagrined to find out the street temperature was still −20 °C as they left work at 3:30 that afternoon.
On 15 January 1972, the temperature rose from −54 °F to 49 °F (−48 °C to 9 °C), a 103 °F (58 °C) change in temperature, a dramatic example of the regional Chinook wind in action.
The aforementioned 107 mph (172 km/h) wind in Alberta and other local wind records west of the 100th meridian on the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, as well as instances of the record high and low temperature for a given day of the year being set on the same date, are largely the result of these winds.
On rare occasions, Chinook winds generated on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains have reached as far east as Wisconsin.
Chinooks are generally called föhn winds by meteorologists and climatologists, and, regardless of name, can occur in most places on the leeward side of a nearby mountain range.
Montana, in particular, has a significant amount of föhn winds across much of the state during the winter months, but particularly coming off the Rocky Mountain Front in the northern and west-central areas of the state.
One such wind occurs in the Cook Inlet region in Alaska as air moves over the Chugach Mountains between Prince William Sound and Portage Glacier.
Anchorage residents often believe the warm winds which melt snow and leave their streets slushy and muddy are a midwinter gift from Hawaii, following a common mistake that the warm winds come from the same place as the similar winds near the coasts in southern British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
Lyndon State College, a public liberal arts college located at Lyndon Center in Lyndon, Caledonia County in the U.S. state of Vermont, is now the Lyndon campus of Northern Vermont University.
In addition to a range of Bachelor's Degree programs, the college offered Master's Degree programs in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Education, and Liberal Arts.
Consistent with education tradition of the times, the Lyndon Training Course expanded its curriculum in one-year increments, and the first two-year class graduated in 1923.
It was during these years that the Northeast Kingdom began to depend on Lyndon to address the educational needs of its residents.
Bole, who led the school until 1955, encouraged the Vermont State Legislature to establish Lyndon Teachers College, saw the admission of the first male and first out-of-state students during the 1940s, and oversaw the move to the Theodore Newton Vail estate.
Vail had been instrumental in the establishment of Lyndon Institute, and Bole recognized his vacant estate as the perfect place to house the growing school.
The move to Vail Manor was completed on June 30, 1951, the final day of the school's lease at Lyndon Institute.
In 1961, the State Legislature established the Vermont State Colleges system, a consortium of Vermont's five public colleges governed by a common board of trustees, chancellor and Council of Presidents and Lyndon Teachers College became Lyndon State College.
These additions began meeting the needs of a growing student population that also brought a rapid expansion of the Lyndon curriculum.
It was also during this decade that the original Vail Manor was deemed unsafe and was replaced with the Theodore N. Vail Center that now houses the Vail Museum and preserves the name that has become an integral part of the Lyndon State tradition.
In September 2016, the VSC board of trustees voted to merge Lyndon State College with Johnson State College, located roughly 50 miles away.
The new combined institution was named Northern Vermont University, and JSC President Elaine Collins was named as NVU's first president to oversee the consolidation of both campus into the new university.
The merger became effective on July 1st, 2018 and ended over 100 years of Lyndon's existence as a separate institution, although the combined university remains public and under the Vermont State College system.
The Harvey Academic Center is located at the center of campus, and houses offices and classrooms for Recreation Studies, as well as for other classes.
The Stonehenge residence hall complex is located on the southern end of campus, and consists of six residence halls: Whitelaw/Crevecoeur (first-year students), Arnold/Bayley, and Poland/Rogers.
The ninth hall, Grey House, is a living-learning community dedicated to performing community service on campus and in the local area.
The Lyndon State Hornets are a member of the NCAA, and compete on the Division III level in the North Atlantic Conference.
In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.
Fictional colleges are found in many modern novels, films, and other works of fiction, probably because they allow the author greater licence for invention and a reduced risk of being accused of libel or slander, as might happen if the author depicted unsavory events as occurring at a real-life institution.
A railroad tie or crosstie (American English) or railway sleeper (British English) is a rectangular support for the rails in railroad tracks.
Generally laid perpendicular to the rails, ties transfer loads to the track ballast and subgrade, hold the rails upright and keep them spaced to the correct gauge.
Steel ties are common on secondary lines in the UK; plastic composite ties are also employed, although far less than wood or concrete.
As of January 2008, the approximate market share in North America for traditional and wood ties was 91.5%, the remainder being concrete, steel, azobé (red ironwood) and plastic composite.
The crosstie spacing of mainline railroad is approximately 19 to 19.5 inches for wood ties or 24 inches for concrete ties.
The number of ties is 3,250 wooden crossties per mile (2019 ties/km, or 40 ties per 65 feet) for wood ties or 2640 ties per mile for concrete ties.
Rails in the US may be fastened to the tie by a railroad spike; iron/steel baseplates screwed to the tie and secured to the rail by a proprietary fastening system such as a Vossloh or Pandrol which are commonly used in Europe.
The type of railroad tie used on the predecessors of the first true railway (Liverpool and Manchester Railway) consisted of a pair of stone blocks laid into the ground, with the chairs holding the rails fixed to those blocks.
One advantage of this method of construction was that it allowed horses to tread the middle path without the risk of tripping.
The stone blocks were in any case unsuitable on soft ground, such as at Chat Moss, where timber ties had to be used.
Historically wooden rail ties were made by hewing with an axe, called axe ties or sawn to achieve at least two flat sides.
A variety of softwood and hardwoods timbers are used as ties, oak, jarrah and karri being popular hardwoods, although increasingly difficult to obtain, especially from sustainable sources.
Some lines use softwoods, including Douglas fir; while they have the advantage of accepting treatment more readily, they are more susceptible to wear but are cheaper, lighter (and therefore easier to handle) and more readily available.
Softwood is treated, while creosote is the most common preservative for railway ties, preservatives are also sometimes used such as pentachlorophenol, chromated copper arsenate and a few other preservatives.
New boron-based wood preserving technology is being employed by major US railroads in a dual treatment process in order to extend the life of wood ties in wet areas.
Problems with wooden ties include rot, splitting, insect infestation, plate-cutting, also known as chair shuffle in the UK (abrasive damage to the tie caused by lateral motion of the tie plate) and spike-pull (where the spike is gradually loosened from the tie).
For more information on wooden ties the Railway Tie Association maintains a comprehensive website devoted to wood tie research and statistics.
Wooden ties can, of course, catch fire; as they age they develop cracks that allow sparks to lodge so that they catch fire more easily.
Concrete ties are cheaper and easier to obtain than timber and better able to carry higher axle-weights and sustain higher speeds.
Concrete ties have a longer service life and require less maintenance than timber due to their greater weight, which helps them remain in the correct position longer.
On the highest categories of line in the UK (those with the highest speeds and tonnages), pre-stressed concrete ties are the only ones permitted by Network Rail standards.
Most European railways also now use concrete bearers in switches and crossing layouts due to the longer life and lower cost of concrete bearers compared to timber, which is increasingly difficult and expensive to source in sufficient quantities and quality.
Steel ties are now in widespread use on secondary or lower-speed lines in the UK where they have been found to be economical to install due their ability to be installed on the existing ballast bed.
Steel ties are 100% recyclable and require up to 60% less ballast than concrete ties and up to 45% less than wood ties.
These aged and often obsolete designs limited load and speed capacity but can still be found in many locations globally and performing adequately despite decades of service.
There are great numbers of steel ties with over 50 years of service and in some cases they can and have been rehabilitated and continue to perform well.
Steel ties were also used in specialty situations, such as the Hejaz Railway in the Arabian Peninsula, which had an ongoing problem with Bedouins who would steal wooden ties for campfires.
Of high importance to railroad companies is the fact that steel ties are more economical to install in new construction than creosote-treated wood ties and concrete ties.
Steel ties are utilized in nearly all sectors of the worldwide railroad systems including heavy-haul, class 1s, regional, shortlines, mining, electrified passenger lines (OHLE) and all manner of industries.
Notably, steel ties (bearers) have proven themselves over the last few decades to be advantageous in turnouts (switches/points) and provide the solution to the ever-growing problem of long timber ties for such use.
When insulated to prevent conduction through the ties, steel ties may be used with track circuit based train detection and track integrity systems.
Without insulation, steel ties may only be used on lines without block signaling and level crossings or on lines that use other forms of train detection such as axle counters.
In more recent times, a number of companies are selling composite railroad ties manufactured from recycled plastic resins and recycled rubber.
Manufacturers claim a service life longer than wooden ties with an expected lifetime in the range of 30–80 years, that the ties are impervious to rot and insect attack, and that they can be modified with a special relief on the bottom to provide additional lateral stability.
Aside from the environmental benefits of using recycled material, plastic ties usually replace timber ties soaked in creosote, the latter being a toxic chemical, and are themselves recyclable.
Hybrid plastic railroad ties and composite ties are used in other rail applications such as underground mining operations, industrial zones, humid environments and densely populated areas.
Hybrid railroad ties are also used to be partly exchanged with rotten wooden ties, which will result in continuous track stiffness.
Hybrid plastic ties and composite ties also offer benefits on bridges and viaducts, because they lead to better distribution of forces and reduction of vibrations into respectively bridge girders or the ballast.
This is due to better damping properties of hybrid plastic ties and composite ties, which will decrease the intensity of vibrations as well as the sound production.
In 2009, Network Rail announced that it would begin replacing wooden ties with recycled plastic ones made by I-Plas Ltd of Halifax, West Yorkshire; but I-Plas became insolvent in October 2012.
In 2014 the KLP Hybrid Plastic Tie, by Lankhorst Engineered Products of Sneek, Netherlands, won the Innovation Award in the category Track and Infrastructure.
For curves the three-point contact of a Y steel tie means that an exact geometric fit cannot be observed with a fixed attachment point.
The ZSX Twin tie is manufactured by Leonhard Moll Betonwerke GmbH & Co KG and is a pair of two pre-stressed concrete ties longitudinally connected by four steel rods.
The design is said to be suitable for track with sharp curves, track subject to temperature stress such as that operated by trains with eddy brakes, and bridges, and as transition track between traditional track and slab track or bridges.
The system has been used in Germany where wide ties have also been used in conjunction with the GETRAC A3 ballastless track systems.
Advantages include increased lateral resistance and lower weight than monobloc concrete ties, as well as elimination of damage from torsional forces on the ties center due the more flexible steel connections.
This system is in use in Austria; in the Austrian system the track is fastened at the four corners of the frame, and is also supported midway along the frame.
The structure is similar to Brunel's baulk track; these longitudinal ties can be used with ballast, or with elastomer supports on a solid non-ballasted support.
Historically spikes gave way to cast iron chairs fixed to the tie, more recently springs (such as Pandrol clips) are used to fix the rail to the tie chair.
In recent years, wooden railroad ties have also become popular for gardening and landscaping, both in creating retaining walls and raised-bed gardens, and sometimes for building steps as well.
Traditionally, the ties sold for this purpose are decommissioned ties taken from rail lines when replaced with new ties, and their lifespan is often limited due to rot.
Due to the presence of wood preservatives such as coal tar, creosote or salts of heavy metals, railroad ties introduce an extra element of soil pollution into gardens and are avoided by many property owners.
In the UK, new oak beams of the same size as standard railroad ties, but not treated with dangerous chemicals, are now available specifically for garden construction.
In some places, railroad ties have been used in the construction of homes, particularly among those with lower incomes, especially near railroad tracks, including railroad employees.
In Germany, use of wooden railroad ties as building material (namely in gardens, houses and in all places where regular contact to human skin would be likely, in all areas frequented by children and in all areas associated with the production or handling of food in any way) has been prohibited by law since 1991 because they pose a significant risk to health and environment.
The caves are sited within the Bungonia State Conservation Area adjoining the Morton National Park, about east of Goulburn and about south-west of Sydney.
The caves are formed in limestone at the southern extremity of the Sydney basin, a broad expanse of New South Wales between this point, the city of Newcastle in the north, the town of Lithgow to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east.
Drum Cave is closed annually from 1 November through to 1 April in order to provide a safe environment for the bats during their breeding season, but is open and available to the public for the remainder of each year.
The importance of Drum Cave for the preservation of the Large Bent-wing Bat is underscored by the fact that the next closest suitable breeding cave is located near Wee Jasper.
Chalk Cave is closed 1 May to 30 September for bat hibernation over winter; entry to these caves during these periods carries a fine.
There are over one hundred and ninety caves at Bungonia, though some of these are not much more than small holes in the ground.
Colonia del Sacramento (; ) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.
Manuel Lobo with 5 ships containing about 400 soldiers, craftsmen, carpenters and stonecutters, and 18 guns, reached San Gabriel island on 20 January 1680.
José de Garro sent spies from Santo Domingo de Soriano on 22 February 1680, after receiving a negative response on 10 February to his ultimatum to leave the site.
Garro sent a force of 3,400 men under the command of Antonio de Vera Mujica, capturing the besieged town on the night of 6-7 August 1680.
Field Marshal Duarte Teixeira Chaves arrived off the San Gabriel islands on 25 January 1683, and commenced to rebuild the settlement.
Lencastre ordered the building of houses of stone and mud with tile roofs, the enlargement of the city walls, and the addition of a fortified tower.
The colonists grew wheat, hemp flax, and grape vines, exported cattle hides to Rio De Janeiro, while importing wood and foodstuffs.
As a consequence of the War of the Spanish Succession, the governor of Buenos Aires, Valdes Incian, initiated the Siege of Colonia del Sacramento.
The forces of the Spanish governor were commanded by Baltazar Garc%C3%ADa Ros from 18 October 1704 until 14 March 1705, when the colonists were evacuated by Portuguese ships.
Antonio Pedro de Vasconcellos took over as governor on 14 March 1722 and transformed it into the richest and best defended city in the Rio de la Plata region.
Spain returned the colony in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau, and Dom José Pedro de Figueiredo Sarmento took over as governor on 27 December 1763.
The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of 1,039 mm (40.91 in), and the annual average temperature is 17 °C (63 °F).
Outside the wall, the historical part of the city was planned in Spanish colonial style and in the characteristic checkerboard layout.
It is a popular tourist attraction for visitors from Buenos Aires, and there is frequent ferry service across the Río de la Plata between the two cities, with fast ferries completing the journey in just 50 minutes.
The historical section of Colonia, which has some cobblestone streets built by the Portuguese in the 17th century, is within walking distance of the ferry terminal.
There is a project in process to lengthen the runway and begin commercial flights to Buenos Aires (this was done in the past) and other cities within Uruguay.
The National Soccer League (NSL) was the top-level soccer league in Australia, run by Soccer Australia and later the Australian Soccer Association.
The NSL, the A-League's predecessor, spanned 28 seasons from its inception in 1977 until its demise in 2004, when it was succeeded by the A-League competition run by Football Federation Australia, the successor to the Australian Soccer Association.
During the history of the NSL the league was contested by a total of 42 teams; 41 based in Australia and one based in New Zealand.
In 1984, the league was split into two conferences (Northern and Southern) to introduce more teams into the competition; the league returned to a single division in 1987.
The competition was known by various names through sponsorships; these names included the Philips Soccer League, Olympic Airways Soccer League, Coca-Cola Soccer League, the Ericsson Cup and the A-League.
From the league's inaugural season to its demise in 2004, a total of 13 clubs were crowned Champions through either a system of first past the post or a finals series that culminated in a grand final.
The petroleum company Ampol sponsored cup competitions in the various states, starting with New South Wales in 1957, with other states following in their stead.
From 1962 until 1968 an Australia Cup was held, but its ambition of becoming an FA Cup style knockout competition went unfulfilled.
In the 1970s the top sides from Melbourne and Sydney played off in an end of season series, but the tournament didn't seem to quite capture the legitimacy and popularity that was hoped for.
Plans for a national home and away league went back as far as 1965 for a 1967 start, and were followed up by variations on the theme throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, but faced opposition variously from clubs, who deemed the notion uneconomical, and state federations who feared losing their power.
Australia's qualification for the 1974 World Cup led to various discussions in 1975 and 1976, with eventually 14 teams being chosen to participate in the inaugural season of the national league.
The Victorian Soccer Federation was reluctant for its big clubs to be involved and it appeared the dream of Alex Pongrass of St George and Frank Lowy of Hakoah Sydney for a nationwide club competition would not evolve.
Little-known Mooroolbark from Melbourne's outer eastern suburbs broke the deadlock by joining the competition, bringing three other Victorian sides with it, making the national league a reality.
The first seven seasons of the league would be dominated by Sydney clubs, with Sydney City winning four titles, and only West Adelaide being able to wrest the title from New South Wales.
West secured the 1978 championship after scoring a late equaliser in an Adelaide derby against Adelaide City in the final round of the season.
A post season finals series was played during this era but was considered more of an exhibition series rather than a legitimate game to decide the national champion, although some confusion still exists on this matter particularly amongst some Heidelberg supporters who consider the 1980 'final' as a legitimate decider.
Shrinking crowds led to the radical move of introducing more teams (mainly from Victoria and New South Wales) and splitting the league into two conferences, with the winner of each division to play-off in an end of year two legged final.
For season 1984 the 'Australian' Conference had competing teams from New South Wales and the ACT, whilst the 'National' Conference consisted of Victorian, South Australian and Queensland clubs.
This period saw South Melbourne become the first Victorian team to win the league, followed by Brunswick Juventus, and Adelaide City, all Southern conference sides.
At the end of the 1986 season, the system was scrapped, and about half the teams were dumped back to their respective state leagues.
The criteria used to decide who stayed and who went was based 50% on the 1986 playing record, 40% on past playing record, and 10% on crowd support.
The revamped league suffered a major setback early on when Sydney City pulled out of the competition after just one round into the new season.
Apart from returning to a single division, the league also dispensed with finals for the 1987 season, reverting to first past the post.
This period saw a re-emergence of New South Wales dominance with all titles, minor premierships and runners-up being from that state.
Attempts to shift the league towards a summer season went back into the early 1980s, but only came to pass for the 1989/90 season.
The league would avoid being marginalised in the media during the peak of the Australian Football League and Australian Rugby League seasons, as well as providing better playing surfaces and spectator comfort owing to the better weather.
The impetus given to the league from the switch was not enough for some clubs to remain in the league, with many clubs being relegated or being demoted back to the state leagues, including former champions Brunswick Juventus, St George and APIA Leichhardt, as well as once upon a time contenders in Heidelberg and Preston.
This coincided with a renewed push by soccer authorities to force clubs to market themselves to mainstream Australia, as opposed to their own mostly migrant fan bases.
This included name and logo changes, as well as the banning of ethnic flags, changes which were begrudgingly agreed to by the clubs, though in the terraces the fans generally continued to chant the old names.
From 1996 onwards the league attempted to revitalise the competition and attempt to hook into the mainstream support by finally introducing a team from Western Australia, in the form of Perth Glory, as well as other new entities which promised to deliver mainstream support, as well as being fully professional outfits as opposed to the majority of clubs and players who were only semi-professional.
Among the new clubs at this time were the Collingwood Warriors, Carlton, Northern Spirit (GHFA Spirit as of 2004) and Parramatta Power, as well as New Zealand's first professional team, the Football Kingz.
Collingwood Warriors barely managed to last a season, while Carlton reached the grand final in its debut year, but was unable to attract a substantial fan base.
Northern Spirit started off with record crowds, and a good debut season reaching the finals, but gradually crowds declined, and financial difficulties along with a controversial takeover by Rangers, didn't help matters.
Parramatta Power failed to gather much support, placed as it was in the midst of the already crowded western Sydney soccer market, and it too would not last beyond the end of the NSL.
High crowds and good performances throughout the NSL's last decade made Perth Glory for many observers the benchmark and role model for all future entrants to the Australian top-flight.
A then record grand final crowd of 40,000 people saw the Brisbane Strikers become the first Queensland side to win the title in season 1996/97, but it never resulted in Brisbane gaining much bigger crowds in the following seasons than they were accustomed to.
South Melbourne FC won back-to-back titles in the late 1990s, and by also winning the 1999 Oceania Club Championship, earning the right to play in the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, where it put in some respectable performances, and a tidy sum in prize money.
Wollongong Wolves became the only side from regional Australia to win the league, with their back-to-back titles in 1999/2000 and 2000/01.
The 1999/2000 Grand Final against Perth Glory at Subiaco Oval in Perth saw a record attendance of 43,242, overtaking the 1997 figure in Brisbane and a record that would remain until the 2007 A-League Grand Final in Melbourne.
The cancellation of the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship however was a major blow to the league as clubs which had seen a way of making a substantial amount of much needed money.
In 1998, Soccer Australia sold the television rights for the NSL and Socceroos matches to the Seven Network in a 10-year contract that was worth $2.5 million a year.
At one point in 2000, the amount of free-to-air coverage on the NSL was only a one-hour highlights package of the NSL after midnight on Wednesdays.
In 2002, C7 Sport closed after the Seven Network lost the AFL rights and pay TV networks stopped carrying the channel.
The consequent lack of sponsorship meant the league fell into even further decline which led to its eventual demise at the end of the 2003–04 season.
Highlights were few and far between, but Sydney Olympic re-emerged as a genuine leading club for the first time in a decade, winning its second title, and Perth Glory went on to win the last two titles of the NSL, after previously having lost two grand finals.
The birth of Adelaide United, as a quickly formed replacement of Adelaide City who withdrew just before the start of the final NSL season, was perhaps the sole major highlight of this era, as they put in good performances, but most importantly, registered crowds which had not been seen in Adelaide since the heyday of Adelaide City and West Adelaide.
The league in 2003–04 was won by Perth Glory after a 1-0 win against Parramatta Power on 4 April 2004, almost 27 years to the day that the national competition began.
Nik Mrdja had the honor of scoring the last goal in the NSL, a 98th minute golden goal to seal the championship for Perth.
In 1978, 1979 (two-legged Grand Final), 1980 and 1982 a finals series was conducted but the winner of the Grand Final didn't determine who won the title.
From 1984 until 1986, the league introduced more teams split into two conferences (1984 – Australian Conference, New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory clubs and National Conference, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland; 1985 and 1986 – Northern Conference, New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory clubs and Southern Conference for the rest) with 12 teams in each.
The top five in each division would qualify for the playoffs, with the winner of each of the divisional playoffs playing off in a two-legged Grand Final.
In 1987, the league dumped 11 teams, scrapped the split divisions, and the championship system reverted to first past the post.
This system was used for the rest of the league's duration, except for season 2002/03 when the top six sides played a further series of home and away games against each other, with the top two playing off in the Grand Final.
From 1977 until season 1991/92, teams were awarded two points for a win, one point for draw, and none for a loss.
The exceptions to this were 1979, in which wins by four goals or more were awarded a bonus point, and 1983, in which three points were awarded for a win.
In that season, four points were awarded for a win, with games ending in draws, being decided by penalty shootouts at the end of the game.
Successful NSL clubs gained qualification into the continental competition, the Oceania Club Championship, although the competition only occurred in 1987, 1999 and 2001.
In addition to the main league competition, the NSL also held a knock-out cup competition between 1977 and the 1997 season known as the NSL Cup.
Between 1984 and 2004 National Youth League ran in conjunction with the NSL as a national youth developmental and reserve league.
Ban Houayxay (), also (Ban) Huoeisay, (Ban) Houei Sai or (Ban) Huay Xai and , is the capital of the Lao province of Bokèo, on the border with Thailand.
The Fourth Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge at Ban Houayxay, which opened in December 2013 and replaced ferry service across the river, is now the northernmost road border crossing between the two countries.
Asian Highway 3, which runs through Ban Houayxay, extends north to Yunnan Province of China and south to Chiang Rai Province of Thailand.
Probably the most popular means of transport are boats (speed and slow boats, freighters, luxury cruisers for tourists and others) running down the Mekong to Pakbeng, Luang Prabang and other destinations.
Stryfe is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the superhero team X-Force.
A woman introducing herself as Askani appears to Cyclops and Jean Grey from the distant future after their infant son, Nathan Summers, is infected with a techno-organic virus by the immortal mutant Apocalypse and tells them that she can save the child.
Stryfe grows into a murderously decadent brat with no regard for life who is both terminally bored by having his every desire catered and extremely lonely at having no real company aside from Apocalypse and Ch'vayre (Apocalypse's second in command).
Years later, as Apocalypse is about to transfer his essence into Stryfe, he discovers that Stryfe is in fact a clone, thus unfit to house his essence.
A teenage Nathan and the time-traveling Cyclops and Jean confront Apocalypse, leaving him unable to transfer into any host body, thus causing his essence to discorporate.
Stryfe grows up to be an embittered madman, wanting vengeance on both what he thought were his real parents (Cyclops and Jean) and his spiritual parent Apocalypse.
He raises an army and for years became a fierce opponent of both Cable (Nathan Summers) and his Clan Chosen, and the New Canaanites, a despotic regime that replaced Apocalypse's.
Stryfe reveals to Cable much later in the present era that during this period in their life, he raped Aliya Dayspring (Cable's wife who Stryfe had grown to desire) at one point by pretending to be Cable and so the father of Tyler Dayspring could be Stryfe and not Cable.
In 3806, the New Canaanites take full control of the planet, but Stryfe manages to travel back in time two-thousand years.
In Japan, he fights Cable and clashes with the New Mutants, who thwart his attempt to poison the water supplies of major cities.
Stryfe abandons his Antarctic Mutant Liberation Front base during an invasion by X-Force (a team composed of Cable and several former New Mutants).
Stryfe then has the Mutant Liberation Front free the captive mutants Hairbag and Slab, and turns them over to Mister Sinister before ordering an MLF attack on a clinic.
Stryfe sows chaos in the ranks of the X-Men, posing as Cable and shooting Professor X with an infected bullet, and taking Cyclops and Jean Grey captive.
As a final insurance, Stryfe gives Mister Sinister a canister that he claims holds genetic material from two-thousand years worth of Summers's descendants; in truth, it holds the deadly Legacy Virus.
Stryfe is opposed by Cable and Nate Grey, and at first beats them easily, even going as far as to siphon off all of Nate's power.
Madelyne Pryor appears to join forces with Stryfe, but secretly steals the psionic energy from Stryfe and gives it back to Nate.
He uses them to hunt down Lady Deathstrike, who holds the complete codes for all the Sentinels in her cybernetic systems.
Later, Stryfe experiences a personal existential crisis and becomes depressed at the futility of his efforts over the years after the X-Men finally manage to cure the Legacy Virus, which Stryfe considered to be his life's work and the one permanent victory he had against Cable, his parents Scott and Jean, and the rest of the X-Men.
He hunts down Bishop who is possessed by the entity La Bete Noir, whose power rivals the Phoenix Force and threatens to consume Bishop's body and unleash its evil upon the universe.
However, Stryfe ultimately regrets the path he took and the choices he has made in his life (stemming from his perpetual identity crisis as a clone), frees Bishop from the entity and sacrifices himself to save the Earth from La Bete Noir.
Stryfe somehow survives and reappears in the future when he is discovered by Bishop, who has been traveling through time in an attempt to kill Hope Summers.
This was confirmed by the writer Christopher Yost to be the same Stryfe that had previously plagued the X-Men, mentioning in particular his survival of his fight against Nate Grey and Cable.
Cable and Hope travel further into the future, X-Force return to the present, and Apocalypse drags Stryfe away, intending to use him as a new host body for his essence.
Stryfe explains to Bishop how he wants him to suffer after he betrayed him during Messiah War and claims that he was imprisoned and tortured by Apocalypse for years until he planned a successful escape and killed him.
Stryfe tries to corrupt Hope by making her give in to her feelings of hatred towards Bishop, convincing her to take revenge and murder Bishop although he is shackled and refuses to fight back out of remorse.
Hope sees that Stryfe is trying to undo the lessons which Cable taught her and refuses to kill Bishop but she does severely injure him.
Stryfe is defeated by Cable and both X-Force teams, but before escaping he telepathically forces Hope to mimic his vast and nearly uncontrollable psionic power in the hope that she will destroy her friends.
Stryfe is a clone of the mutant Cable and, as a result, possesses Cable's natural vast psionic abilities of telepathy and telekinesis.
However, these abilities are far more powerful than the ones Cable has generally displayed in the main continuity, sufficient to block the use of Cyclops and Jean Grey's superhuman powers.
Therefore, he does not have to constantly expend his abilities to keep the virus from consuming his body, which apparently was a huge drain on Cable's capabilities.
Stryfe can use his psionic abilities in a variety of ways such as moving large objects with his mind, reading minds, mind control, telepathically negating and activating the use of other's powers, telepathic camouflage, telekinetic flight, telekinetic force fields, mind transference and telekinetic blasts.
Stryfe also has far more control over his massive psionic abilities than Cable or Nate Grey, apparently from having a whole lifetime of experience of learning how to use his powers which his alternate counterparts never had.
Stryfe also possessed other abilities through genetic manipulation similar to those that Cable achieved through cybernetic augmentation, including superhuman strength and durability.
He has used various advanced weaponry and technology from the 39th century of his alternate future, including his time-vortex field generator.
He appears to be a mutant supremacist convinced that Professor X was killed by the United States government and that mutants should fight against the government.
However, when Psylocke scans his mind she senses that he has no real conviction in what he says, suggesting that much of his mutant supremacist attitude is an act, meaning his real motives are unknown.
It is revealed that Stryfe is actually a con man, working with Fenris to promote mutant unrest so they can sell Sentinels to the government.
Stryfe is a younger, corrupt General, who alongside Cable and J. Edgar Hoover hire Wade Wilson (who in this timeline is a former CIA man, turned merc) to get back a stolen nuclear briefcase.
Vaughn Wilton Monroe (October 7, 1911 – May 21, 1973) was an American baritone singer, trumpeter, big band leader, actor, and businessman, who was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s.
It sold more than one million copies by 1952, becoming Monroe's first million-seller, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA.
While their musical focus was largely romantic ballads, in person, the band had a fiercely swinging side only occasionally captured on record.
He was a major stockholder in RCA and appeared in print ads and television commercials for the company's television and audio products.
After leaving the performing end of show business, he remained with RCA for many years as a television spokesperson, executive, and talent scout.
He was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for recording at 1600 Vine Street and one for radio at 1755 Vine Street in Hollywood, California.
They did not date during high school, but became romantically inclined toward each other when their paths crossed again in New York City, twelve years after graduation.
Monroe died on May 21, 1973 at Martin County Memorial Hospital in Florida, shortly after having stomach surgery for a bleeding ulcer.
The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
These tables can be used to examine the genotypical outcome probabilities of the offspring of a single trait (allele), or when crossing multiple traits from the parents.
Phenotypes may be predicted with at least better-than-chance accuracy using a Punnett square, but the phenotype that may appear in the presence of a given genotype can in some instances be influenced by many other factors, as when polygenic inheritance and/or epigenetics are at work.
For example, using 'A' as the representative character for each allele, a homozygous dominant pair's genotype would be depicted as 'AA', while homozygous recessive is shown as 'aa'.
This is equivalent to stating that the genes are not linked, so that the two genes do not tend to sort together during meiosis.
Since dominant traits mask recessive traits (assuming no epistasis), there are nine combinations that have the phenotype round yellow, three that are round green, three that are wrinkled yellow, and one that is wrinkled green.
The genotypic ratio was obtained in the diagram below, this diagram will have more branches than if only analyzing for phenotypic ratio.
Other ships capable of carrying (stored in deep magazines) or deploying these weapons were , , and , they were transferred to various Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships with their specialist magazines.
She was North East of East Falkland, having just taken part (or just completing) a 'Vertrep' ('Vertical Replenishment'... a helicopter stores transfer) and / or 'RAS' (Replenishment at Sea) with the 'SS Atlantic Conveyor' (with whom she had been sailing the same track with all day), when the 'Air Raid Warning Red Alarm' sounded, and the two ships took evasive action.
'RFA Regent' carried on supplying the Task Force until the third week of August, becoming one of the longest serving ships that took part in the Conflict.
She eventually arrived back in the UK at (Rosyth, in Scotland) on 15 September, after 148 days at sea, and replenishing most of the ships in the RN at least once.
In principle, mendicant religious orders own little property, either individually or collectively, and in many instances members have taken a vow of poverty, in order that all their time and energy could be expended on practicing their respective faith, preaching and serving society.
Many religious orders adhere to a mendicant way of life, including the Catholic mendicant orders, Hindu ascetics, some Sufi dervishes of Islam, and the monastic orders of Jainism and Buddhism.
While mendicants are the original type of monks in Buddhism and have a long history in Indian Hinduism and the countries which adapted Indian religious traditions, they did not become widespread in Christianity until the High Middle Ages.
This is later expanded upon in Luke’s Acts of the Apostles, where it allows them to be understood by anybody regardless of the language of the person being spoken to.
Early 1st Century New Testament figures such as John the Baptist and Paul of Tarsus were also known for extensively traveling and preaching the Gospel to unreached peoples in the Middle East and Europe, although often staying for longer periods than modern itinerant evangelists.
In the Rule of Saint Benedict, Benedict of Nursia referred to such traveling monks as gyrovagues, and accused them both of indulging their wills, and of being particularly subject to the sin of gluttony.
In the early 13th century, the Catholic Church would see a revival of mendicant activity, as followers of Saint Francis of Assisi and Saint Dominic begged for food while they preached to the villages.
Itinerant preachers that belonged to mendicant orders traveled from town to town to preach the Gospel, consciously modeling themselves after Jesus and the Twelve Disciples.
While many Buddhist communities formulated limited forms of labor for monks, there also exists the understanding that a Buddhist monk must remain aloof from secular affairs.
Buddhist literature details the code of behavior and livelihood for monks and nuns, including several details on how mendicancy is to be practiced.
Similar to the development of Buddhism in China, the Japanese did not frequently engage in alms round as was done in the Buddha's time.
The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks, 13 M113 armored personnel carriers 23 quarter-tonne trucks, or four LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicles.
The vessel's payload affects the range: at 175 tons of cargo, each vessel has a range of , which increases to with a 150-ton payload, and when unladen.
The House of the Dead is a first-person light gun shooter arcade game with a horror theme, released by Sega in Japan on September 13, 1996, and later internationally on March 4, 1997.
First-aid packs are available throughout the game which restore one point of health; some can be obtained from rescued hostages, while others are hidden inside certain breakable objects.
Throughout the course of the game, players are faced with numerous situations in which their action (or inaction) will have an effect on the direction of gameplay.
This is exemplified in the opening stage of the game when a hostage is about to be thrown from the bridge to his death.
If the player saves the hostage, they will enter the house directly through the front door; however, if the player fails to rescue the hostage, the character is redirected to an underground route through the sewers.
If the player rescues all hostages, a secret room full of lives and bonuses is revealed toward the end of the game.
While supported by the DBR Corporation and its own team of scientists, Curien's behavior becomes more erratic and his experiments take a gruesome turn.
On December 18, 1998, AMS Agent Thomas Rogan receives a distress call from his fiancée Sophie Richards from the Curien Mansion.
In the third ending, a far view of the mansion is shown and Sophie is absent (leaving it unknown if she survived or not).
The team saw people in their 20s and 30s as their target audience, and hoped that the game would primarily be experienced as a two-player game.
The developers wanted to have a more complex system of path branches, and to have the system impact the game's story, but eventually realized these ideas were too ambitious to fulfill within the time allotted to make the game.
Anticipating that foreign markets, particularly Germany, would require the violence be toned down, they built in an option for operators to change the color of the game's blood, with green, purple, and blue available in addition to the traditional red.
They also cut a female zombie from the game because they felt she looked too much like a normal elderly woman, which could provoke controversy given that the player is encouraged to shoot the zombies.
The Chariot was animated by using motion capture with an actor wielding a broom, but the other enemies were all animated manually, using motion capture for reference only.
In late 1997 Sega confirmed that work had begun on a port to Sega Saturn, as an early version had been delivered to them.
The port was handled by Tantalus Interactive and released in 1998, with a port to Windows (PC-CD) by Sega arriving the same year.
Because Hiarcs is written portable in C, it is available on multiple platforms such as Pocket PC, Palm OS, PDAs, iOS, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.
HIARCS opening book authors over time were Eric Hallsworth, Sebastian Böhme and Harvey Williamson, who is also operating HIARCS regularly at various computer chess tournaments.
Since Version 14, released in August 2012, HIARCS has been sold along with its own GUI (Chess Explorer) available on Mac OS X and Windows.
In April 1997, HIARCS 6.0 became the first PC chess program to win a match played at tournament time controls over a FIDE International Master.
It is the top handheld on the SSDF rating list, and was considered the strongest engine in a comprehensive review of 63 handheld chess programs.
In December 2007, HIARCS won the 17th International Paderborn Computer Chess Championship, and after the disqualification of Rybka, HIARCS was placed first at the 2008 World Computer Chess Championship.
Pocket Fritz 4 (which uses the HIARCS chess engine) won the Copa Mercosur (a category 6 tournament) in Buenos Aires, Argentina with 9 wins and 1 draw on August 4–14, 2009, achieving a performance rating of 2898 while running on the HTC Touch HD mobile phone.
In circulation since 1978, Episodes is an international and interdisciplinary open access and free, both to submit and download, publication journal that covers all geoscience disciplines, including economic geology, environmental geology, geochemistry, geoethics, geoheritage, geophysics, hydrogeology, mineralogy, paleontology, petroleum geology, petrology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, structural geology, remote sensing, planetary geology, and social science (metric and diversity in publications and citations in Earth Sciences).
Episodes includes authoritative articles that reflect global research advances, evolving trends in geoscience disciplines and concise reports on the results of international meetings, conferences, and symposia.
It is a high visibility journal, and is indexed in Science Citation Index (SCI), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE; Web of Science), and Journal Citation Reports (JCR)/Science Edition, along with many other databases such as SCOPUS.
A story arc (also narrative arc) is an extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as television, comic books, comic strips, boardgames, video games, and films with each episode following a dramatic arc.
Webcomics are more likely to use story arcs than newspaper comics, as most web comics have readable archives online that a newcomer to the strip can read in order to understand what is going on.
Short story arcs are easier to package as trade paperbacks for resale, and more accessible to the casual reader than the never-ending continuity that once characterised US comics.
The purpose of a story arc is to move a character or a situation from one state to another; in other words, to effect change.
This change or transformation often takes the form of either a tragic fall from grace or a reversal of that pattern.
One common form in which this reversal is found is a character going from a situation of weakness to one of strength.
For example, a poor woman goes on adventures and in the end makes a fortune for herself, or a lonely man falls in love and marries.
Story arcs in contemporary drama often follow the pattern of bringing a character to a low point, removing the structures the character depends upon, and then forcing the character to find new strength without those structures.
In a story arc, the character undergoes substantial growth or change, which culminates in the denouement in the last third or quarter of a story.
However, the rise of DVD retail and DVR of television series has worked in arc-based productions' favor as the standard season collection format allows the viewer to have easy access to the relevant episodes.
Arc-based series draw and reward dedicated viewers, and fans of a particular show follow and discuss different story arcs independently from particular episodes.
Story arcs are sometimes split into subarcs, if deemed significant by fans, making it easy to refer to certain episodes if their production order titles are unknown.
Manga and anime are usually good examples of arc-based stories, to the point that most series shorter than twenty-six chapters are a single arc spanning all the chapters.
This makes syndication difficult, as episodes watched in isolation often confuse viewers unless watched in conjunction with the series as a whole.
Sir William Lamond Allardyce, (14 November 1861 – 10 June 1930) was a career British civil servant in the Colonial Office who served as governor of Fiji (1901–1902), the Falkland Islands (1904–1914), Bahamas (1914–1920), Tasmania (1920–1922), and Newfoundland (1922–1928).
Educated in Aberdeen, Scotland and at Oxford Military College, at the age of 18, he joined the British Civil Service in the Colonial Office.
Allardyce first posting was Fiji where only two years after arriving there he was named acting Resident Commissioner for the island of Rotuma.
The following year as magistrate and seven years later he was appointed to the Native Regulation Board and made the commissioner of the Supreme Court.
Allardyce then became governor of Tasmania but retired after only two years—taking the last three months as leave—as a result of his failure to obtain an increase in his salary of £2750.
In fact, a statement made to the Parliament of Tasmania on his salary and allowances was followed by a vote by the Legislative Assembly to abolish his office, although the same motion was defeated in the Legislative Council.
Allardyce was subsequently ordered to Newfoundland where he was to succeed Sir Charles Alexander Harris as Governor of Newfoundland, where he was invited to become patron of the Great War Veterans Association.
He was the official Crown representative of the unveiling of the National War Memorial by Field Marshal the Earl Haig on 1 July 1924.
Allardyce as governor was a key promoter in the decision awarding jurisdiction over most of the Labrador Peninsula to Newfoundland by the British Privy Council.
In 1916 Allardyce was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael St George by King George V. He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1927.
In 1923, Lady Allardyce helped start the Girl Guide movement in Newfoundland, and then in 1924, she established the Newfoundland Outport Nursing and Industrial Association (NONIA).
Allardyce was noted as one of the most competent administrators ever appointed by the Colonial Office to serve as the official representative of the British Crown in Newfoundland and Labrador.
The fronds are dimorphic, with the deciduous green sterile fronds being almost vertical, tall and broad, long-tapering to the base but short-tapering to the tip, so that they resemble ostrich plumes, hence the name.
The fertile fronds are shorter, long, brown when ripe, with highly modified and constricted leaf tissue curled over the sporangia; they develop in autumn, persist erect over the winter and release the spores in early spring.
It is a crown-forming, colony-forming plant, occurring in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in central and northern Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.
While choosing a place of planting it should be taken into account that this fern is very expansive and its leaves often lose their beauty throughout the summer, especially if not protected from wind and hail.
The tightly wound immature fronds, called fiddleheads, are also used as a cooked vegetable, and are considered a delicacy mainly in rural areas of northeastern North America.
Archbishop Chapelle High School was founded in 1962 by the Archdiocese of New Orleans and was named after Archbishop Placide Louis Chapelle, the first Archbishop of New Orleans in the eighteenth century.
In addition to traditional secondary school classes, Chapelle also offers include fine arts courses, drama, publications studies (including yearbook and newspaper), family and consumer studies, business courses (including computer studies and accounting), and religion.
Some clubs available are Ambassadors, French Club, Intramural Sports, Key Club, Matthew 25 Service Program, Mu Alpha Theta, National Art Honor Society, National Honor Society, National Junior Beta Club, National Spanish Honor Society, Student Council, and Varsity Quiz Bowl.
Eurabia is a political neologism, a portmanteau of Europe and Arabia, used to describe an Islamophobic conspiracy theory, involving globalist entities allegedly led by French and Arab powers, to Islamise and Arabise Europe, thereby weakening its existing culture and undermining a previous alignment with the U.S. and Israel.
According to the theory, the blame rests with a range of groups including communists, fascists, the media, universities, mosques and Islamic cultural centres, European bureaucrats, and the Euro-Arab Dialogue.
The term has gained some public interest and has been used and discussed across a wide range of the political spectrum, including right-wing activists, counter-jihadis and different sorts of anti-Islamic, and conservative activists.
It gained renewed interest after the 9/11 events and the use of the term by 2011 Norway attacker, Anders Behring Breivik.
Eurabia is also discussed in classical anti-Europeanism, a strong influence in the culture of the United States and in the notion of American exceptionalism, which sometimes sees Europe on the decline or as a rising rival power, or, as is the case here, both.
During the 1973 oil crisis, the European Economic Community (predecessor of the European Union), had entered into the Euro-Arab Dialogue (EAD) with the Arab League.
Ye'or says it as a primary cause of alleged European hostility to Israel, referring to joint Euro-Arab foreign policies that she characterises as anti-American and anti-Zionist.
The term is often used by the writers Oriana Fallaci, Mark Steyn and several web sites, many of them affiliated with the counterjihad movement.
An important part of the narrative is the idea of a demographic threat, the fear that, at some time in the future, Islam will take over Europe.
While immigrants were being deemed a threat, in the postwar 1940s period, the British extreme right in particular, fascist politician Oswald Mosley were rather outspoken (see the Union Movement and the Europe a Nation slogan) in favour of a stronger integration of Britain with Europe and, using their own interpretation of the Eurafrica concept, Africa.
The conservative historian Niall Ferguson referred to the concept, which he took as the potential future Islamisation of Europe based on demographic facts and ideational lack of the continent.
The slogan has become a basic theme in the European extremist and populist right and expresses as well a significant strategy change.
Significant alterations in the asserted positions of the political (far) right include a sudden focus on the rights of women and homosexuals.
This changed after the 2011 Norway attacks, which resulted in the publication of several works specifically treating the Eurabia conspiracy theories.
It is completely reasonable to assume that the overall Muslim population in Europe will increase, and Muslim citizens have and will have a significant imprint on European life.
The prospect of a homogeneous Muslim community per se, or a Muslim majority in Europe is however out of the question.
Specifically he has written that the Muslim population growth rate was lower than that predicted by Eurabia, partly because the fertility rate of immigrants declines with integration.
He further points out that Muslims are not a monolithic or cohesive group, and that many Muslims do seek to integrate politically and socially.
Furthermore, leading European Muslims are rather outspoken against religious fundamentalism and are far from acknowledging Arab countries as a role model at all.
Journalist Simon Kuper has argued that, with over 1 million copies sold, Sarrazin had done more to publicize the concept of Eurabia more than anybody else in Europe.
In the aftermath of the shooting, Speroni confirmed his agreement with Breivik on the conspiracy theory in an interview with Radio 24.
In May 2019, ahead of the European elections, Lega Nord leader for Sarzana claimed that both the European People's Party and the Party of European Socialists were attempting to bring about Eurabia.
He insisted that a state of Eurabia had already occurred in Sweden, a claim which the Swedish embassy promptly denied with an official statement.
Despite alleging that writer had already coined the phrase, Amerongen faced severe peer and media criticism for endorsing the conspiracy theory.
A supporter of the conspiracy theory, Wilders believes Muslim immigration to Europe is being driven by an agreement between the European Union and Islamic countries.
Steyn's promotion of the conspiracy theory centres on European demographics, where he believes a culturally asserted Muslim mass will become the majority population and demand the assimilation of white Europeans.
In the United States, the theories have found strong proponents in the Islamophobia movement, among them the president of Stop Islamization of America, Robert Spencer and political commentator Daniel Pipes.
Eurabia theories have also been espoused by less typical conservatives, for example, Bruce Bawer, an American expatriate who has lived in Europe since the 1990s, and supported Ye'or's allegations that there was a deliberate, coordinated effort to create Eurabia.
Bawer argued that many European politicians and policy makers, in efforts to gain approval of Muslim voters or to appeal to multiculturalism, were effectively allowing the creation of Muslim-only enclaves where basic human rights were ignored and events like honor killings had become commonplace.
Ralph Peters has criticized the Eurabia narrative on the grounds that it is unlikely to happen as posited, citing the historical precedent of genocides frequently occurring in Europe, such as in the Balkans during the 1990s and the Holocaust during World War II.
Wu-liang Tsung-shou also supplemented the volume with a verse of four stanzas composed in 1230 about the three checkpoints of Zen master Huanglong.
The common theme of the koans of the Wumen Guan and of Wumen's comments is the inquiry and introspection of dualistic conceptualization.
Each koan epitomizes one or more of the polarities of consciousness that act like an obstacle or wall to the insight.
The student is challenged to transcend the polarity that the koan represents and demonstrate or show that transcendence to the Zen teacher.
As was customary in China at the time, an edition might have additions of text inserted by a subsequent owner or publisher.
The most well known version of the text is from the Japanese wood block edition made from the 1246 manuscript edition that contains the following sections.
As with the main koans, each caveat challenges the Zen student's attachment to dualistic concepts, here those especially related to Zen practice.
Hurt produced the first published artist concepts of the Trans-Neptunian object 90377 Sedna, from data obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Bradley John Wall (born November 24, 1965) is a Canadian former politician who served as the 14th Premier of Saskatchewan from November 21, 2007 until February 2, 2018.
Wall was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Swift Current in 1999, and re-elected in 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2016.
In the 2011 election, Wall's government won the third-largest majority in Saskatchewan's history, with 64.25% of the popular vote and 49 of the 58 seats in the legislature.
This marked the first time since 1925 that a party other than the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party, or its predecessor the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Saskatchewan Section), had won a third consecutive majority mandate.
In doing so, he will become the first non-CCF/NDP Premier since 1935 to leave office for a reason other than losing a general election.
He attended University of Saskatchewan, and completed his post-secondary education with an honours degree in Public Administration and an advanced certificate in Political Studies.
Wall's political roots are in the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan, working as a ministerial assistant to Graham Taylor, Minister of Public Participation, Tourism, Small Business, Co-operatives and Health, and John Gerich, Associate Minister of Economic Development.
In the early 1990s, Wall also managed a country music museum that was relocated to Swift Current from Kitchener, ON, following a significant grant from the Grant Devine government.
Wall has also sat on a number of boards including being a founding member of the Southwest Centre for Entrepreneurial Development.
Wall won the Saskatchewan Party nomination for Swift Current in the 1999 election and won handily, defeating NDP incumbent John Wall (no relation) by 69 points as part of a wave of rural victories that saw the NDP cut down to a minority government.
He was immediately appointed to the Saskatchewan Party's front bench as Justice Critic, and later became critic for the Crown Investments Corporation as well.
This policy review process reached its culmination at the Saskatchewan Party's annual convention in February 2005 and resulted in a considerably more moderate policy platform designed to appeal to urban voters.
In that election, the Saskatchewan Party won 38 of the 58 seats in the legislature, making Wall only the third centre-right premier in the province's history.
During Wall’s time as premier, the province experienced unprecedented population growth and, for most of his tenure, a strong economy buoyed by a robust oil, gas and potash sector.
From 2007-2017, Saskatchewan grew by more than 160,000 people or 16 per cent, the most growth in any 10 year period since the 1920s.
Wall is also credited with reducing Saskatchewan's surgical wait times from among the longest in Canada to among the shortest through the use of private surgical clinics within the public system.
Other accomplishments include doubling supports for people with disabilities, tripling the income assistance program for low income seniors and removing 114,000 low-income people from the tax rolls completely through some of the largest income tax in the province's history.
Noted for his quick wit and folksy charm, Wall led opinion polls as the most popular premier in Canada for almost the entirety of his tenure.
In June 2013, Wall attended the Bilderberg Conference, an annual private conference of approximately 120 to 140 invited influential guests from North America and Europe.
After the Justin Trudeau government introduced the carbon tax in 2016, Brad Wall and Saskatchewan was alone in its opposition to the tax, saying it would harm competitiveness while doing little to combat emissions.
However, now several premiers and many across Canada stand in strong opposition to the tax with many giving credit to Wall for being the first to take a stand.
However, his leadership was called into question at the end of January 2006 when MLA Brenda Bakken-Lackey resigned from the party.
In the Saskatchewan Legislature's spring 2006 session, NDP MLAs revealed that Wall had worked in Gerich's office at the time when $15,000 worth of alcohol was misallocated to the Minister's office.
Wall was also on the video using an exaggerated Ukrainian accent, making racist derogatory statements about former NDP Premier Roy Romanow.
In 2015, Brad Wall was named in a lawsuit against himself, Rob Norris, the former Minister of Advanced Education, and the University of Saskatchewan and its Board of Governors for the controversial firing of the President, Ilene Busch-Vishniac, after the Provost, Brett Fairbairn, fired an executive director at the university and ended his tenure for openly criticizing the university's leadership.
In 2017, Wall raised the story of a member of the Saskatchewan NDP who had been sexually assaulted in Question Period in response to a question about the Global Transportation Hub land deal.
The story was raised without the consent of the victim, and Wall was criticized for politicising the issue of sexual assault.
In 2017, Wall addressed a room of Saskatchewan Party members at a nomination meeting, where he recited a joke about the execution of Métis leader Louis Riel, who was captured and executed by the Canadian government in 1885 following the Battle of Batoche.
He is married to Tami whom he met in 1984 when they were both students at the University of Saskatchewan, and married in 1991.
On May 1, 2018 Wall announced he would begin working as an advisor for the Calgary law firm Osler, Hoskin and Harcourt LLP.
The control of ventilation refers to the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in cellular respiration.
The most important function of breathing is the supplying of oxygen to the body and the removal of its waste product of carbon dioxide.
The peripheral chemoreceptors that detect changes in the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are located in the arterial aortic bodies and the carotid bodies.
Central chemoreceptors are primarily sensitive to changes in the pH in the blood, (resulting from changes in the levels of carbon dioxide) and they are located on the medulla oblongata near to the medullar respiratory groups of the respiratory center.
From the respiratory center, the muscles of respiration, in particular the diaphragm, are activated to cause air to move in and out of the lungs.
The respiratory centre in the medulla and pons of the brainstem controls the rate and depth of respiration, (the respiratory rhythm), through various inputs.
These include signals from the peripheral chemoreceptors and central chemoreceptors; from the vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve carrying input from the pulmonary stretch receptors, and other mechanoreceptors in the lungs.
), social communication causes speech, song and whistling, while entirely voluntary overrides are used to blow out candles, and breath holding (to swim, for instance, underwater).
Hyperventilation may be entirely voluntary or in response to emotional agitation or anxiety, when it can cause the distressing hyperventilation syndrome.
Ventilatory rate (respiratory minute volume) is tightly controlled and determined primarily by blood levels of carbon dioxide as determined by metabolic rate.
These levels are sensed by central chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla oblongata for increased pH (indirectly from the increase in CSF of carbon dioxide), and the peripheral chemoreceptors in the arterial blood for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Levels of CO rise in the blood when the metabolic use of O, and the production of CO is increased during, for example, exercise.
The CO in the blood is transported largely as bicarbonate (HCO) ions, by conversion first to carbonic acid (HCO), by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and then by disassociation of this acid to H and HCO.
Build-up of CO therefore causes an equivalent build-up of the disassociated hydrogen ions, which, by definition, decreases the pH of the blood.
The pH sensors on the brain stem immediately sense to this fall in pH, causing the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of breathing.
During very short-term bouts of intense exercise the release of lactic acid into the blood by the exercising muscles causes a fall in the blood plasma pH, independently of the rise in the PCO2, and this will stimulate pulmonary ventilation sufficiently to keep the blood pH constant at the expense of a lowered PCO2.
The tone of respiratory muscle is believed to be modulated by muscle spindles via a reflex arc involving the spinal cord.
Opioids and anesthetics tend to depress ventilation, by decreasing the normal response to raised carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood.
Receptors play important roles in the regulation of respiration and include the central and peripheral chemoreceptors, and pulmonary stretch receptors, a type of mechanoreceptor.
It also subjected him to brainwashing in order to bring out his most basic murderous instincts and to transform him into the perfect assassin.
Wolverine's solo series issues #48-50 (1992) revealed that Project X also created fabricated memories in the minds of several of its subjects.
Some of the work of Weapon X was based on the experiments detailed on the journals of Nazi scientist Nathan Essex, which were obtained by Weapon Plus after the end of World War II.
The project's original test subjects were the members of Team X, a covert ops CIA team (consisting of Wolverine/Logan, Sabretooth/Victor Creed, Maverick/Christoph Nord, Silver Fox, Mastodon, Major Arthur Barrington, Psi-Borg/Aldo Ferro, Wildcat/Noel Higgins and Kestrel/John Wraith).
What Wolverine and his fellow X-Men ignored for many years is that Weapon X was part of a larger program called Weapon Plus, a United States super-soldier program created in the 1940s with the purpose of creating super-soldiers and assassins not only to be employed in conventional wars, but also to be employed for the extermination of mutants.
What the Weapon X scientists did not foresee is that the experimentation on Wolverine would cause him to go on a murderous rampage, which allowed the escape of the other test subjects, and caused the death of Dale Rice, among dozens of other members of Weapon X staff, both scientists and military.
Subsequent attempts at recreating the success seen by Weapon X with Wolverine include Native, Kimura and X-23 (the 23rd attempt to clone Wolverine who was designed to also hunt down rogue agents).
The batch produced many additional failures, which were sent to a facility for dissection to determine the cause of their failures.
A smaller experiment was later developed by Department K with a New Zealand terrorist (who would become the third individual to be known as Weapon X) merging him with Thetagen-24: the most dangerous lethal symbiotic bacterial colony ever created.
Typhoid Mary was also a subject, when she was captured by an Antarctic facility continuing research for the Weapon X Project, specifically the mental faculties of the mutant mind.
Colcord, once a security guard at the first Weapon X project, suffered severe facial lacerations during an escape attempt by the mutant Wolverine.
Unlike the previous two installments of Weapon X, the third Project was completely U.S.-based and focused not only on the creation of living weapons, but also on the ultimate goal of Colcord, the creation of death camps.
He soon begins using its resources for the capturing and imprisonment of mutants in the secret government death camp called Neverland.
Mutants who are not suitable to be used as military weapons would be executed, while those that are suitable are given the choice to join Weapon X or die.
A number of mutants, such as Cecilia Reyes, Maggott, Ape, Tarbaby, Leech and many others were arrested by Weapon X's agents and sent to Neverland.
Those mutants deemed useless to the project were killed in gas chambers, while others were brainwashed to become Weapon X operatives.
Later on, Deadpool went rogue and new operatives were recruited into Weapon X, many of whom had their powers enhanced or were brainwashed into servitude.
Maverick was saved from certain death and his powers were enhanced with the purpose of assassinating Wolverine, thus Agent Zero was created.
Sauron's personality was merged with that of his Karl Lykos self and his energy-draining powers enhanced so he could fire energy blasts.
Aurora was kidnapped and brainwashed, like Madison Jeffries, who was extracted from the terrorist group known as the Zodiac and used to create hundreds of Boxbots loyal to Weapon X to serve as guards at Neverland.
Mesmero joins willingly, while Reaper and Wildside (former members of the Mutant Liberation Front) became agents of the program in exchange for their lives.
As Windsor, Mister Sinister supposedly helped some mutants escape from Neverland, but he was only taking them to his own secret labs.
After some time, Brent Jackson (the only human officially on the team) took over as Director, during a mutiny by the team in conjunction with an attack by mutants from the Underground.
Washout and Garrison Kane died in the event, while Sabretooth was washed away into the sewers after a battle with Marrow.
Marrow used the battle to escape from Weapon X, eventually taking over the Mutant Underground, now reformed as the third incarnation of Gene Nation.
Director Brent Jackson's team consisted of Wildchild, Sauron, Agent Zero, Mesmero, Jack-in-the-Box, and newly recruited Chamber, whose face was restored by the program's scientists.
Records of the massive executions are discovered by Beast in the storyline, which also hints that some of the bodies of the prisoners executed prior to M-Day were sent to Ord and used in the research to develop the cure for mutation.
It is shown that the Weapon X Project is turning civilians into cyborgs made of Adamantium sent to hunt a specific group of mutants, forcing Old Man Logan to team up with Sabretooth to stop them.
Old Man Logan and his allies alongside Amadeus Cho's Hulk form discover that Weapon X has been experimenting on humans by grafting the DNA of Wolverine and Hulk into them while also applying Adamantium to their bones.
In addition, it is shown that the director of the latest incarnation of the Weapon X Project is a somehow-revived William Stryker.
Unfortunately, Dr. Aliana Alba lost control of it even when Amadeus Cho's Hulk form joins the battle while William Stryker and Dr. Alba get away.
Following the fierce battle, H-Alpha flees causing Old Man Logan's group to go after it before the Weapon X Project plans to regain control of it.
She then stated to the controlled H-Alpha that he has a killer instinct where he is to kill anyone that the Weapon X Project wants him to kill.
As Old Man Logan's group faces off against H-Alpha, X-23's Wolverine appearance was able to free Weapon H from Dr. Alba's control enabling Weapon H to leave the area so that he can remember who he was.
Following Professor Charles Xavier repurposed Krakoa into a sovereign nation state for mutants, he made sure all shadow agencies around the world were defunded and disbanded, Weapon X among them.
However some remnants of those agencies appears to have gathered together and established Xeno a global organization with ties to anti-mutant politicians and business leaders all the while dedicated to bioengineering themselves into weapons.
The Xeno's operatives then grafted her skin to their genetically altered soldiers who were successful in bypass Krakoa's security protocols and assassinated Professor X.
An expanded version of the story has been produced by writer Marc Cerasini and published by Pocket Star Books in 2004.
The series began in 2002 and quickly gained critical praise for its use of minor characters as well as reviving characters such as Cable, who at the time wasn't featured in a monthly title.
Frank Tieri was forced to drop nearly all of his subplots, including the introduction of a mutant concentration camp run by Mr. Sinister that featured many popular B-List mutant characters, and take the book into the controversial direction involving the introduction of X-23, and Wolverine and Sabretooth's quest to find the recently revived John Sublime.
The new direction failed to catch on, mainly due to the books' over-exposure of Wolverine and the drastic change in tone of the book, and was cancelled with all of its storylines unresolved.
Dead Man Wade, the AoA counterpart of Deadpool, did not receive his healing factor from the Weapon X program but from Apocalypse, apparently after Apocalypse dismantled the program, and became part of Apocalypse's elite assassin trio dubbed the 'Pale Riders'.
To return home, they have been forced to jump from reality to reality, repairing the broken links in the chain of time.
At the time, the membership of Weapon X consisted of Sabretooth (Victor Creed of the Age of Apocalypse, the father figure of the Exiles' leader Blink), Deadpool and Garrison Kane.
The six chose the name 'Weapon X' due to their common ties to the Project in their native timelines, although, save for Sabretooth, the background of all the other members are a mystery.
The Exiles completed the mission without realizing the existence of Weapon X, but the Weapon X trio saw the Exiles and their leader, Blink.
The next time the team was seen, Angel (now a gun-toting assassin) replaced Iron Man and the team leader was now Gambit instead of Sabretooth.
These two, along with Gambit, tried to stop Hyperion, the Spider and Ms. Marvel when they decided to abandon their mission and rule a world.
They failed, and the next mission given to both the Exiles and Weapon X was to kill enough members of each team so that there would be only six survivors in total.
sometime before or during the Gulf War to capture mutants and force them to carry out covert missions for the US Government.
The lineup included, at times, Wolverine, Sabretooth, Rogue, Juggernaut, Nightcrawler, and the rest of the original Ultimate X-Men, for a short time after the program invaded Xavier's mansion and took them captive.
Weapon X then turned their attention to a former Mountie and Marine named Guy Desjardins, who was brainwashed and subjected to the adamantium bonding process.
Instead of claws, Desjardins manifested adamantium spikes that permanently protruded from his forehands (as 616-Logan's claws were the result of his mutation) and elbows.
The experiment broke Guy's mind causing him to become fierce and go on a killing spree in the Weapon X facility.
Unfortunately, this was ineffective because when Weapon X was released from the drugs, he went on a killing spree until the Weapon X soldiers drugged him once more.
When The Flight arrived, Stitch tried to use her powers on Guy Desjardins' harness only to be impaled by Guy Desjardins's adamantium spikes.
When Smart Alec suggests that they call in the Avengers for help, Dr. James Hudson tells them that Department H cut off their communication when The Flight left and that it would take the Avengers too long to get to Canada.
This was partially successful where his body managed to compensate for the loss of adrenaline where Smart Alec was killed in the process.
When the remaining members pursued Guy Desjardins to Calgary, Saint Elmo grabbed Guy Desjardins and carried him into the air only for Weapon X to knock him out and cause Saint Elmo to get impaled upon a church's cross.
Logan set out to hunt down Weapon X and discovered their ties with Department H. When Snowbird and Dr. James Hudson (wearing the Groundhog armor) were killed, Logan confronted Desjardins.
After Logan dove into the river to escape the soldiers, they thought he was dead when they found some of his blood.
Days later, a news report that was all over the news had exposed the existence of the Weapon X Project and their involvement in Desjardins' attack upon people as well as Department H's role in the creation of The Flight.
In a possible future, Wolverine attempts to hunt down the people involved in Weapon X, and discovers not only that they have been dead and gone for many decades, but also what may have been the very first subject of the project: his elder brother John Howlett, who he had been told died when he (Wolverine) was still just a baby.
In addition to having bone claws, enhanced senses and a healing factor, the elder Howlett appeared to have some kind of ethereal form which allowed him to phase through things and somehow conduct energy blasts.
John Howlett claimed that he was driven mad at first by his parents' seeming abandonment of him when his powers first manifested.
Had he been in his insane state of mind when he first encountered Wolverine, he claims he would likely have attempted to kill him.
The Moscow Manege () is an oblong building along the west side of Manege Square, which was cleared in the 1930s and lies adjacent to Red Square.
Designed by Spanish engineer Agustín de Betancourt with a roof without internal support for (the building's width), it was erected from 1817 to 1825 by the Russian architect Joseph Bové, who clothed it in its Neoclassical exterior, an order of Roman Doric columns enclosing bays of arch-headed windows in a blind arcade, painted white and cream yellow.
The 180 m long Manege was large enough to hold an entire infantry regiment—over two thousand soldiers— as well as an invited audience.
On 14 March 2004, the night of a Russian Presidential election in which Vladimir Putin was overwhelmingly re-elected for a second four-year term, the building caught fire and burnt down, killing two firefighters.
The official investigation concluded that a short-circuit caused the fire, though there was media speculation that a fire at such a historic building, only a stone's throw from the Kremlin, on the night of a Presidential election, may not have been coincidental.
On 18 February 2005 the restored Manege resumed its operation as an exhibition hall by mounting the same exposition that had been scheduled for the day of the fire.
Aryanism is an ideology of racial supremacy which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group entitled to rule the rest of humanity.
Promoted initially by racist theorists such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Aryanism reached its peak of influence in Nazi Germany, where it was used to justify discrimination against minorities, which eventually culminated in the Holocaust.
The ideology of Nazism was based upon the conception of the ancient Aryan race being a superior race, holding the highest position in the racial hierarchy and that the Germanic peoples were the most racially pure existing peoples of Aryan stock.
The Nazi conception of the Aryan race arose from earlier proponents of a supremacist conception of the race as described by racial theorist figures such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
Nazi racial theorist Hans F. K. Günther identified the European race as having five subtype races: Nordic, Mediterranean, Dinaric, Alpine, and East Baltic.
He provided photographs of Germans identified as Nordic in places like Baden, Stuttgart, Salzburg, and Schwaben; and provided photographs of Germans he identified as Alpine and Mediterranean types, especially in Vorarlberg, Bavaria, and the Black Forest region of Baden.
This association of Jews with the Armenoid type had been utilized by Zionist Jews who claimed that Jews were a group within that type.
He claimed that the Near Eastern race descended from the Caucasus in the fifth and fourth millennia BC, and that it had expanded into Asia Minor and Mesopotamia and eventually to the west coast of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Aside from ascribing Armenians and Jews as having Near Eastern characteristics, he ascribed them to several other contemporary peoples, including: Greeks, Turks, Syrians, and Iranians.
Günther added to that description of the Near Eastern type as being composed primarily of commercially spirited and artful traders, by claiming that the type held strong psychological manipulation skills that aided them in trade.
Exceptions were made for a small percentage of Slavs who were seen by the Nazis to be descended from German settlers and therefore fit to be Germanised to be considered part of the Aryan folk or nation.
Hitler declared that because Slavs were subhumans that the Geneva Conventions were not applicable to them, and German soldiers in World War II were thus permitted to ignore the Geneva Conventions in regards to Slavs.
Nazi Germany's ally the Independent State of Croatia rejected the common conception that Croats were primarily a Slavic people and claimed that Croats were primarily the descendants of the Germanic Goths.
Nazi Germany's policy changed towards Slavs in response to military manpower shortages, in which it accepted Slavs to serve in its armed forces within occupied territories, in spite of them being considered subhuman, as a pragmatic means to resolve such manpower shortages.
The Nazis viewed the downfall of the Roman Empire as being the result of the pollution of blood from racial intermixing, claiming that Italians were a hybrid of races, including black African races.
Hitler even mentioned his view of the presence of Negroid blood in the Mediterranean peoples during his first meeting with Mussolini in 1934.
Semitic peoples came to be seen as a foreign presence within Aryan societies, and the Semitic peoples were often pointed to as the cause of conversion and destruction of social order and values leading to culture and civilization's downfall by proto-Nazi theorists such as Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
They worked to maintain the purity of this race through eugenics programs (including anti-miscegenation legislation, compulsory sterilization of the mentally ill and the mentally deficient, the execution of the institutionalized mentally ill as part of a euthanasia program).
In this speech Mussolini was referring to Italians as being the Mediterranean branch of the Aryan race, Aryan in the meaning of people of an Indo-European language and culture.
Italian Fascism emphasized that race was bound by spiritual and cultural foundations, and identified a racial hierarchy based on spiritual and cultural factors.
The antipathy by Mussolini and other Italian Fascists to Nordicism was over the existence of what they viewed as the Mediterranean inferiority complex that they claimed had been instilled into Mediterraneans by the propagation of such theories by German and Anglo-Saxon Nordicists who viewed Mediterranean peoples as racially degenerate and thus in their view inferior.
However traditional Nordicist claims of Mediterraneans being degenerate due to having a darker colour of skin than Nordics had long been rebuked in anthropology through the depigmentation theory that claimed that lighter-skinned peoples had been depigmented from a darker skin, this theory has since become a widely accepted view in anthropology.
In 1934, in the aftermath of Austrian Nazis killing Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, an ally of Italy, Mussolini became enraged and responded by angrily denouncing Nazism.
In 1936, Mussolini decided to launch a racial programme in Italy, and was interested in the racial studies being conducted by Giulio Cogni.
Cogni had travelled to Germany where he had become impressed by Nazi racial theory and sought to create his own version of racial theory.
Cogni declared the racial affinity of the Mediterranean and Nordic racial subtypes of the Aryan race and claimed that the intermixing of Nordic Aryans and Mediterranean Aryans in Italy produced a superior synthesis of Aryan Italians.
Cogni addressed the issue of racial differences between northern and southern Italians, declaring southern Italians were mixed between Aryan and non-Aryan races, that he claimed was most likely due to infiltration by Asiatic peoples in Roman times and later Arab invasions.
He would later change his idea and claim that Nordics and Southern Italians were closely related groups both racially and spiritually.
Initially Mussolini was not impressed with Cogni's work, however Cogni's ideas entered into the official Fascist racial policy several years later.
In 1938 Mussolini was concerned that if Italian Fascism did not recognize Nordic heritage within Italians, that the Mediterranean inferiority complex would return to Italian society.
Therefore, in summer 1938, the Fascist government officially recognized Italians as having Nordic heritage and being of Nordic-Mediterranean descent and in a meeting with PNF members, and in June 1938 in a meeting with PNF members, Mussolini identified himself as Nordic and declared that previous policy of focus on Mediterraneanism was to be replaced by a focus on Aryanism.
Many of the writers took up the traditional Nordicist claim that the decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to the arrival of Semitic immigrants.
The Nordicist direction of Fascist racial policy was challenged in 1938 by a resurgence of the Mediterraneanist faction in the PNF.
By 1939, the Mediterraneanists' advocacy of a nativist racial theory that rejected ascribing the achievements of the Italian people to Nordic peoples.
Rellini rejected the notion of large-scale invasions of Italy by Nordic Aryans in the Eneolithic age, and claimed that Italians were an indigenous people descended from the Cro-Magnons.
However these efforts were challenged by Mussolini's endorsement of Nordicist figures with the appointment of staunch spiritual Nordicist Alberto Luchini as head of Italy's Racial Office in May 1941, as well as with Mussolini becoming interested in Julius Evola's spiritual Nordicism in late 1941.
The Council claimed that the obvious superiority of the ancient Greeks and Romans in comparison with the ancient Germanic tribes made it inconceivable that Italian culture owed a debt to ancient Aryan Germans.
It is believed that this proposed state would be able to attain world domination by combining the nuclear arsenals of the four major Aryan world powers, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia under a single military command.
The mission of Jesuit High School as a Catholic, college preparatory school is to develop in its students the competence, conscience, and compassion that will enable them to be men of faith and men for others.
Of the 286 seniors in the Class of 2018, 35 of them were named National Merit Semifinalists and eight were named in the National Hispanic Recognition Program.
Selective admission to Jesuit is based on previous academic performance, recommendations of teachers, principals, and/or church parish pastors, promise of future development, and the desire of the student to profit from the moral, spiritual, academic, and physical programs offered by the school.
In the long history of the school, no student has been refused admission because his family could not afford to pay all or part of the tuition.
For several years this program was mandatory for all students; the combination of Jesuit priests and Marine Corps JROTC instructors made the school's disciplinary system unique among American high schools.
Guest speakers at Assembly have included alumnus Jay Thomas, authors Pat Conroy, Tony Hillerman, Sister Helen Prejean, Orson Scott Card, Dana Gioia, and Chaim Potok, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin, mayor and alumnus Marc Morial, actor Jim Caviezel, theologian George Weigel, Jesuit Superior General Peter Hans Kolvenbach, ESPN announcer Mike Tirico, theologian and U.S.
Marie of New Orleans (now the New Orleans Central Business District), a block upriver from the French Quarter, at the corner of Baronne and Common Streets.
In 1911, the high school and college divisions were split, and the college division relocated to St. Charles Avenue, eventually becoming Loyola University New Orleans.
The high school remained on Baronne Street until 1926, when it was moved to its current location at 4133 Banks Street in Mid-City.
In 1953 a wing was added along Palmyra Street; the addition included an auditorium, the Chapel of the North American Martyrs, a cafeteria, a library, several classrooms, and a band room.
Chris Fronk, S.J., on active duty as a U.S. Navy chaplain, would serve as the school's 30th president, and he assumed office in November 2016.
The 1946 athletic year yielded undefeated state champions in baseball, basketball, track and field, and football all coached by G. Gernon Brown.
In the 2004–2005 school year, Jesuit won state championships in baseball, cross country, soccer, tennis, wrestling, rugby, and swimming, and went to the state playoffs in football with an undefeated regular season.
In 2012 Jesuit built Ryan stadium, a state of the art facility accommodating football, baseball, and soccer on a field covered entirely with artificial turf.
Cross country: In 2005, Jesuit became the first 5A school in Louisiana history to win three state championships in a row in the sport of cross country.
The streak was broken in 2005 when the team, still feeling the effects of Hurricane Katrina, was only able to field 12 swimmers, yet managed to take second place, only a few points out of first.
In 1972 the Jesuit High School Blue Jays won the first of 18 State Championships under Coach Sam, including 11 in a row from 1988–1998.
And since that string-of-11 (ending in 1998) Jesuit has won 4 more state wrestling championships, with the last being in 2009.
Baseball: From 2007-09 Jesuit made it to the state tournament three times, and twice to the American Legion playoffs winning one championship.
Football: In football, Jesuit High School vs. Holy Cross High School is the oldest continuous high school rivalry in Louisiana and one of the oldest continuous high school football rivalries in the United States.
The first game was played in 1922 (Jesuit won by 52–0) and the two teams have played every year since (twice in 1963: once in regular season and another time for the state crown which Holy Cross won) Blue Jays vs. Tigers.
The Jesuit Blue Jays Football team went to the State Championship for the 2014 season and played against the John Curtis Patriots and for the first time since 1978 against St. Augustine.
Basketball: In February 1965, Jesuit's all-white basketball team played a secret game against St. Augustine, the city's all-male, all-black high school.
That same year, Jesuit won the 1965 Louisiana High School Athletic Association state championship in Class AAA (at the time the state's highest classification) while St. Augustine won the championship of the Louisiana Interscholastic and Literary Organization, the sanctioning body for the state's black schools.
In the fall of 1967, St. Augustine joined the LHSAA and became a rival for the Blue Jays in the New Orleans Catholic League through the 2010-11 school year, when the Purple Knights were reclassified Class 4A by the LHSAA.
Soccer: In the 1998–1999 season, 2006–2007 season, 2008–2009 season, and also the 2009–2010 season, Jesuit fielded one of the best soccer teams in the nation, winning the Louisiana state title and in all four cases ending the season undefeated.
This record gave the Jesuit team a #3 (1998–99), a #2 (2006–2007), a #1 (2008–2009), and a #3 (2009–2010) rank in the nation.
In the three seasons from 2009–2011, the soccer team had a 94-game unbeaten streak, which is the fourth longest unbeaten streak in the country.
Rugby: In the 2007–2008 season, the rugby team won the State Championship for the sixth consecutive year with an undefeated season, only allowing 12 points while scoring over 300.
Because of a conflict with the senior prom, the team was forced to play in the more difficult multi-school division at the Southern Regionals in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
The team swept regionals and moved on to become 8th in the country in the multi-school division at the USA Rugby Boys High School National Championship.
In 2017, the Blue Jays reclaimed the State Championship, winning the title for the first time since 2011, with an overtime victory over the Bayou Hurricanes, 25-22.
Lacrosse: In 2014, Jesuit New Orleans won the 2014 Allstate Sugar Bowl Lacrosse Classic, with 14 schools competing from Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama.
When the flooding following Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans, Jesuit High School was inundated, five feet (1.5 m) of water ruining the ground floor.
When the school announced that it was closed indefinitely, many students enrolled in schools in cities to which they had evacuated.
The largest concentration of students attended a satellite school at Strake Jesuit College Preparatory in Houston; at one point, approximately 420 displaced students attended classes at night with their own teachers and classmates.
In mid-October, Jesuit opened another satellite school at St. Martin's Episcopal School in Metairie in unincorporated Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, which about 500 students attended until Thanksgiving.
After Thanksgiving, Jesuit's students and faculty returned to their own campus, becoming the first flooded school in New Orleans to reopen – albeit with an unusable first floor.
Middleton joined the Colonial Office in 1901, serving in south Nigeria for six years as a junior official before moving on to Mauritius until 1920 when he was promoted to governor of the Falkland Islands from 1920 to 1927, Gambia from 1927 to 1928 and Newfoundland from 1928 to 1932.
In 1932, he was asked to investigate allegations that the Prime Minister of Newfoundland, Sir Richard Squires had falsified cabinet minutes in an attempt to coverup evidence of corruption involving his government.
Middleton's conclusions that there was no sign of tampering resulted in a riot outside his office on April 5, 1932 that helped bring down the Squires government.
Ventilation is the intentional introduction of outdoor air into a space and is mainly used to control indoor air quality by diluting and displacing indoor pollutants; it can also be used for purposes of thermal comfort or dehumidification.
This may be accomplished by pressurization (in the case of positively pressurized buildings), or by depressurization (in the case of exhaust ventilation systems).
Natural ventilation is the intentional passive flow of outdoor air into a building through planned openings (such as louvers, doors, and windows).
Natural ventilation does not require mechanical systems to move outdoor air, it relies entirely on passive physical phenomena, such as diffusion, wind pressure, or the stack effect.
The mechanical and natural components may be used in conjunction with each other or separately at different times of day or season of the year.
Since the natural component can be affected by unpredictable environmental conditions it may not always provide an appropriate amount of ventilation.
At these times, it can be useful to increase the rate of ventilation beyond the minimum required for indoor air quality.
In other instances, ventilation for indoor air quality contributes to the need for - and energy use by - mechanical heating and cooling equipment.
Natural ventilation can also be achieved through the use of operable windows, this has largely been removed from most current architecture buildings due to the mechanical system continuously operating.
During the winter, ACH may range from 0.50 to 0.41 in a tightly air-sealed house to 1.11 to 1.47 in a loosely air-sealed house.
ASHRAE now recommends ventilation rates dependent upon floor area, as a revision to the 62-2001 standard, in which the minimum ACH was 0.35, but no less than 15 CFM/person (7.1 L/s/person).
Ventilation Rate Procedure is rate based on standard and prescribes the rate at which ventilation air must be delivered to a space and various means to condition that air.
Indoor Air Quality Procedure uses one or more guidelines for the specification of acceptable concentrations of certain contaminants in indoor air but does not prescribe ventilation rates or air treatment methods.
It also accounts for potential contaminants that may have no measured limits, or for which no limits are not set (such as formaldehyde offgassing from carpet and furniture).
In certain applications, such as submarines, pressurized aircraft, and spacecraft, ventilation air is also needed to provide oxygen, and to dilute carbon dioxide for survival.
In any pressurized, regulated environment, ventilation is necessary to control any fires that may occur, as the flames may be deprived of oxygen.
Carbon dioxide is used as a reference point, as it is the gas of highest emission at a relatively constant value of 0.005 L/s.
The study of what constitutes bad air dates back to the 1600s, when the scientist Mayow studied asphyxia of animals in confined bottles.
However, by the late 1800s, scientists thought biological contamination, not oxygen or CO2, as the primary component of unacceptable indoor air.
The recommendations of Billings and Flugge were incorporated into numerous building codes from 1900-1920s, and published as an industry standard by ASHVE (the predecessor to ASHRAE) in 1914.
A 1936 human test chamber study by Yaglou, Riley, and Coggins culminated much of this effort, considering odor, room volume, occupant age, cooling equipment effects, and recirculated air implications, which provided guidance for ventilation rates.
From this research base, ASHRAE (having replaced ASHVE) developed space by space recommendations, and published them as ASHRAE Standard 62-1975: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality.
In cold, warm, humid, or dusty climates, it is preferable to minimize ventilation with outdoor air to conserve energy, cost, or filtration.
The change was made to recognize that densely populated areas were sometimes overventilated (leading to higher energy and cost) using a per-person methodology.
The addition of occupant- and area-based ventilation rates found in the tables above often results in significantly reduced rates compared to the former standard.
This is compensated in other sections of the standard which require that this minimum amount of air is actually delivered to the breathing zone of the individual occupant at all times.
The total outdoor air intake of the ventilation system (in multiple-zone variable air volume (VAV) systems) might therefore be similar to the airflow required by the 1989 standard.
The design of buildings that promote occupant health and well being requires clear understanding of the ways that ventilation airflow interacts with, dilutes, displaces or introduces pollutants within the occupied space.
In kitchen ventilation systems, or for laboratory fume hoods, the design of effective effluent capture can be more important than the bulk amount of ventilation in a space.
More generally, the way that an air distribution system causes ventilation to flow into and out of a space impacts the ability for a particular ventilation rate to remove internally generated pollutants.
However, the overall impacts of ventilation on indoor air quality can depend on more complex factors such as the sources of pollution, and the ways that activities and airflow interact to affect occupant exposure.
Wind driven ventilation relies upon the force of the prevailing wind to pull and push air through the enclosed space as well as through breaches in the building’s envelope.
The technique was generally abandoned in larger US buildings during the late 20th century as the use of air conditioning became more widespread.
However, with the advent of advanced Building Performance Simulation (BPS) software, improved Building Automation Systems (BAS), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) design requirements, and improved window manufacturing techniques; natural ventilation has made a resurgence in commercial buildings both globally and throughout the US.
During peak occupancy, CO levels rise, and the system adjusts to deliver the same amount of outdoor air as would be used by the ventilation-rate procedure.
Personalized ventilation provides a much higher ventilation effectiveness than conventional mixing ventilation systems by displacing pollution from the breathing zone far less air volume.
Beyond improved air quality benefits, the strategy can also improve occupant's thermal comfort, perceived air quality, and overall satisfaction with the indoor environment.
Individual's preferences for temperature and air movement are not equal, and so traditional approaches to homogeneous environmental control have failed to achieve high occupant satisfaction.
Techniques such as personalized ventilation facilitate control of a more diverse thermal environment that can improve thermal satisfaction for most occupants.
Local exhaust ventilation addresses the issue of avoiding the contamination of indoor air by specific high-emission sources by capturing airborne contaminants before they are spread into the environment.
This can include water vapor control, lavatory bioeffluent control, solvent vapors from industrial processes, and dust from wood- and metal-working machinery.
In the UK, the use of LEV systems have regulations set out by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) which are referred to as the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (CoSHH).
Under CoSHH, legislation is set out to protect users of LEV systems by ensuring that all equipment is tested at least every fourteen months to ensure the LEV systems are performing adequately.
All parts of the system must be visually inspected and thoroughly tested and where any parts are found to be defective, the inspector must issue a red label to identify the defective part and the issue.
The owner of the LEV system must then have the defective parts repaired or replaced before the system can be used.
Smart ventilation is a process to continually adjust the ventilation system in time, and optionally by location, to provide the desired IAQ benefits while minimizing energy consumption, utility bills and other non-IAQ costs (such as thermal discomfort or noise).
A smart ventilation system adjusts ventilation rates in time or by location in a building to be responsive to one or more of the following: occupancy, outdoor thermal and air quality conditions, electricity grid needs, direct sensing of contaminants, operation of other air moving and air cleaning systems.
In addition, smart ventilation systems can provide information to building owners, occupants, and managers on operational energy consumption and indoor air quality as well as signal when systems need maintenance or repair.
Being responsive to occupancy means that a smart ventilation system can adjust ventilation depending on demand such as reducing ventilation if the building is unoccupied.
Smart ventilation can time-shift ventilation to periods when a) indoor-outdoor temperature differences are smaller (and away from peak outdoor temperatures and humidity), b) when indoor-outdoor temperatures are appropriate for ventilative cooling, or c) when outdoor air quality is acceptable.
Being responsive to electricity grid needs means providing flexibility to electricity demand (including direct signals from utilities) and integration with electric grid control strategies.
Smart ventilation systems can have sensors to detect air flow, systems pressures or fan energy use in such a way that systems failures can be detected and repaired, as well as when system components need maintenance, such as filter replacement.
Ventilation in a structure is also needed for removing water vapor produced by respiration, burning, and cooking, and for removing odors.
ASHRAE standard 62 states that air removed from an area with environmental tobacco smoke shall not be recirculated into ETS-free air.
Primitive ventilation systems were found at the Pločnik archeological site (belonging to the Vinča culture) in Serbia and were built into early copper smelting furnaces.
The furnace, built on the outside of the workshop, featured earthen pipe-like air vents with hundreds of tiny holes in them and a prototype chimney to ensure air goes into the furnace to feed the fire and smoke comes out safely.
The development of forced ventilation was spurred by the common belief in the late 18th and early 19th century in the miasma theory of disease, where stagnant 'airs' were thought to spread illness.
An early method of ventilation was the use of a ventilating fire near an air vent which would forcibly cause the air in the building to circulate.
English engineer John Theophilus Desaguliers provided an early example of this, when he installed ventilating fires in the air tubes on the roof of the House of Commons.
Starting with the Covent Garden Theatre, gas burning chandeliers on the ceiling were often specially designed to perform a ventilating role.
A more sophisticated system involving the use of mechanical equipment to circulate the air was developed in the mid 19th century.
A basic system of bellows was put in place to ventilate Newgate Prison and outlying buildings, by the engineer Stephen Hales in the mid-1700s.
David Boswell Reid was called to testify before a Parliamentary committee on proposed architectural designs for the new House of Commons, after the old one burned down in a fire in 1834.
In January 1840 Reid was appointed by the committee for the House of Lords dealing with the construction of the replacement for the Houses of Parliament.
The post was in the capacity of ventilation engineer, in effect; and with its creation there began a long series of quarrels between Reid and Charles Barry, the architect.
It would then ascend into the chamber through thousands of small holes drilled into the floor, and would be extracted through the ceiling by a special ventilation fire within a great stack.
Reid's ventilation method was also applied more fully to St. George's Hall, Liverpool, where the architect, Harvey Lonsdale Elmes, requested that Reid should be involved in ventilation design.
Reid installed four steam powered fans in the ceiling of St George's Hospital in Liverpool, so that the pressure produced by the fans would force the incoming air upward and through vents in the ceiling.
Ahmed Ben Messali Hadj, commonly known as Messali Hadj, , was an Algerian nationalist politician dedicated to the independence of his homeland from French colonial rule.
His father Hadj Ahmed Messali was of Turkish origin and his mother Ftéma Sari Ali Hadj-Eddine belonged to a family of seven daughters, raised in Muslim traditions by their father, a cadi, a member of the Darqawiyya brotherhood.
He was educated in a local French primary school and also received a religious education influenced by the Darqawiyya Sufi order.
Messali Hadj served in the French army from 1918 to 1921; having trained in Bordeaux and then promoted as sergeant in 1919.
By October 1923, at the age of 25, Messali Hadj went to Paris to find work; upon his arrival, he sold bonnets and Tlemceni handicrafts, and he also enrolled in Arabic-language university courses.
His time in Paris also corresponded with the first meetings of Maghribi workers in France which called for the independence of all colonies.
Consequently, he became one of the most prominent Algerian nationalists seeking to remove all French forces and to end French colonial rule in Algeria.
Thereafter, Messali Hadj rebranded the ENA several times in the 1930s and 1940s; hence, he would find himself frequently jailed or exiled.
However, whilst he was in temporary exile in Geneva, Switzerland, Messali Hadj met Shakib Arslan and reoriented from Marxism to Pan-Arabism and Islamism.
The death of some one hundred Europeans during the riots saw the French authorities ruthlessly suppress the Algerian nationalists and the army and police killed approximately 10,000 Muslims.
Once the Algerian War of Liberation began, Messali Hadj sought to compete with the Front de Libération Nationale by mobilising the Mouvement National Algérien (MNA) in December 1954.
In 1958, Messali supported the proposals of President Charles de Gaulle, and France probably attempted to capitalize on the internal rivalries of the nationalist movement.
During negotiation talks in 1961 the FLN did not accept the participation of the MNA, and this led to new outbursts of fighting.
In 1962, as Algeria gained independence from France, Messali tried to transform his group into a legitimate political party, but it was not successful, and the FLN seized control over Algeria as a one-party state.
The carotid body is located in the adventitia, in the bifurcation (fork) of the common carotid artery, which runs along both sides of the neck.
The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide.
The carotid body is made up of two types of cells, called glomus cells: glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors, and glomus type II cells are sustentacular supportive cells.
The carotid body functions as a sensor: it responds to a stimulus, primarily O partial pressure, which is detected by the type I (glomus) cells, and triggers an action potential through the afferent fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which relays the information to the central nervous system.
This is in contrast to the central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata that are primarily sensitive to changes in pH and P (a decrease in pH and an increase in P).
More specifically, the sensitivity of carotid body chemoreceptors to decreased P is greater when pH is decreased and P is increased.
The output of the carotid bodies is low at an oxygen partial pressure above about 100mmHg (13,3 kPa) (at normal physiological pH), but below 60mmHg the activity of the type I (glomus) cells increases rapidly due to a decrease in hemoglobin-oxygen saturation below 90%.
The mechanism for detecting reductions in P has yet to be identified, there may be multiple mechanisms and could vary between species.
Hypoxia detection has been shown to depend upon increased hydrogen sulfide generation produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase as hypoxia detection is reduced in mice in which this enzyme is knocked out or pharmacologically inhibited.
Haem reversibly binds O with an affinity similar to that of the carotid body, suggesting that haem containing proteins may have a role in O, potentially this could be one of the complexes involved in oxidative-phosphorylation.
Falls in CO that occur as a consequence of hypoxia would lead to closure of this potassium channel and this would lead to membrane depolarisation and consequence activation of the carotid body.
An increased P is detected because the CO diffuses into the cell, where it increases the concentration of carbonic acid and thus protons.
The precise mechanism of CO sensing is unknown, however it has been demonstrated that CO and low pH inhibit a TASK-like potassium conductance, reducing potassium current.
This leads to depolarisation of the cell membrane which leads to Ca entry, excitation of glomus cells and consequent neurotransmitter release.
Changes in proton concentration caused by acidosis (or the opposite from alkalosis) inside the cell stimulates the same pathways involved in P sensing.
A decrease in oxygen partial pressure, an increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure, and a decrease in arterial pH can all cause depolarization of the cell membrane, and they affect this by blocking potassium currents.
These act on receptors on the afferent nerve fibres which lie in apposition to the glomus cell to cause an action potential.
The feedback from the carotid body is sent to the cardiorespiratory centers in the medulla oblongata via the afferent branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The family Phrynosomatidae, along with seven other families, used to be included in the single family Iguanidae, until Frost and Etheridge's (1989) analysis of iguanian systematics suggested the family be divided.
However, recent work in molecular systematics has suggested there are four clades and 11 genetically separable populations, and the subspecies will probably have to be redefined.
They are brown to black in color (the brown may be sandy or greenish) and have black stripes on their backs, but their most distinguishing characteristic is their bright blue bellies.
Although California is the heart of the range of this lizard, it is also found in eastern and southwestern Oregon (some populations are found even north of Seattle, Washington), as well as in the Columbia River Gorge, southwestern Idaho, Nevada, western Utah, northwestern Baja California, Arizona, and some of the islands off the coast of both California and Baja California.
It is found in grassland, broken chaparral, sagebrush, woodland, coniferous forest, and farmland, and occupies elevations from sea level to 10,800 ft.
These lizards are diurnal, and are commonly seen sunning on paths, rocks, and fence posts, and other high places, which makes them an easy target for predation by birds and even some mammals, such as shrews.
Also they can be prey for Alligator lizards during cold mornings.They protect themselves by employing their fast reflexes, which are common in many other lizards including biting and possibly defecating on the predator.
They can change color from light grey or tan to nearly jet black, but they probably use this ability for the purpose of thermoregulation while basking and not as a means to camouflage themselves.
When ticks carrying Lyme disease feed on these lizards' blood (which they commonly do, especially around their ears), a protein in the lizard's blood kills the bacterium in the tick that causes Lyme disease.
It was established in 1982 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the International Society for Reef Studies, of which it is the official journal.
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels (arteries) of coronary circulation, which transports oxygenated blood to the substance of the heart.
The heart requires a continuous supply of oxygen to function and survive, much like any other tissue or organ of the body.
Not only does this affect supply to the heart muscle itself, but it also can affect the ability of the heart to pump blood throughout the body.
Therefore, any disorder or disease of the coronary arteries can have a serious impacts on health, possibly leading to angina, a heart attack, and even death.
The coronary arteries are mainly composed of the left and right coronary arteries, both of which give off several branches as shown in the 'Coronary artery flow' figure.
The left coronary artery (LCA) arises from the aorta within the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart.
In approximately 33% of individuals, the left coronary artery gives rise to the posterior descending artery which perfuses the posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle.
The RCA primarily branches into the right marginal arteries, and, in 67% of individuals, gives place to the posterior descending artery.
The right marginal arteries perfuse the right ventricle and the posterior descending artery perfuses the left ventricular posterior and inferior walls.
There is also the conus artery, which is only present in about 45 percent of the human population, and which provides collateral blood flow to the heart when the left anterior descending artery is occluded.
This occurs when plaques (made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances) build up over time in the walls of the arteries.
A heart attack results from a sudden plaque rupture and formation of a thrombus (blood clot) that completely blocks blood flow to a portion of the heart leading to tissue death (infarct).
There is also a rare condition known as spontaneous coronary artery dissection, in which the wall of one of the coronary arteries tears, causing severe pain.
Unlike CAD, spontaneous coronary artery dissection is not due to plaque buildup in arteries, and tends to occur in younger individuals, including women who have recently given birth or men who do intense exercise.
In 1995, the Inspire was updated by the second generation model, on a platform it shared with the Honda Legend, and exported to the US as the Acura 3.2 TL, while the Vigor nameplate was replaced with the Honda Saber.
In 1999, these cars were replaced by the third generation TL that was based on the US-spec Accord platform, and largely designed and engineered in the US by Honda R&D Americas, Inc. in Raymond, Ohio.
In October 2005, the fourth generation Inspire received a mild restyle, with new headlights, new taillights, revised interior and new colors.
In September 2012, after 6 generations and the introduction of the ninth generation Accord, the Inspire ended production for a short period after 23 years before relaunching in 2018 as a China-only model based on the tenth generation Accord.
This 5-cylinder engine was also used in the JDM Honda Rafaga, which was a shorter sedan shared with the second generation Honda Ascot.
The CB5 Inspire was offered in three trim levels, the base AZ-i with manual transmission, AG-I with fog lamps and optional sunroof as well as central locking, and the top spec luxury AX-I with leather upholstery, more safety features and full cruise control as well as power seats.
A longer and wider version with the 5 cylinder G25A 2.5L engine debuted in early 1992, similar in dimensions to the first generation Legend.
The larger CC2-CC3 Inspire was a mild refresh of the first CB5 Inspire, featuring updated full-width boot lamps (the updated Vigor had conventional single lamp units) with less chrome, larger bumpers with new wrap-around cornering lamp design (instead of the optional separate units like the CB5) and mesh alloy wheels.
Following the 1992 refresh, the Inspire offered fewer trim levels and the inline-five received upgrades (power was up from 118KW to 140KW).
Interior appearance was provided by the Japanese furniture company, Tendo Mokko, offering unique leather interior and a choice of genuine wood inserts for the dashboard and center console.
The SOHC four valves per cylinder G20A inline-five engine was all new, with a choice of 2.0 L or 2.5 L engine displacement.
Japanese buyers had a choice of two engine displacements which was a consideration as to how much annual road tax they were willing to pay.
The transmission is attached behind the engine, with a driveshaft that sends power to the front of the car to an asymmetrically installed limited-slip differential which then supplies power to the front wheels using half shafts; this allowed the powertrain to remain slightly behind the front wheels.
After obtaining a first-class mathematics degree as a self-taught external student at the University of London, Wright studied at Jesus College, Oxford and Christ Church, Oxford.
His research career lasted from 1931 until the early 1980s, firstly on a Research Fellowship at Christ Church, which included a year in Göttingen, Germany.
He was then appointed a lecturer at Christ Church, teaching there until 1935 followed by his appointment as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Aberdeen.
He held that chair from 1936 to 1962, except for a break during the war (from 1943 to 1945) when he was seconded to the Air Ministry Intelligence at MI6 headquarters.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1937 and awarded their Makdougall Brisbane Prize in 1952.
), is a former American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, and a retired NASA astronaut, as well as a professional pilot who currently races regularly at the annual Reno Air Races.
Born October 30, 1946, in Cooperstown, New York, but considers the Lakewood area of east Long Beach, California, to be his hometown.
Gibson graduated from Huntington High School, Huntington, New York as a part of the class of 1964, and went on to earn an Associate degree in Engineering Science from Suffolk County Community College in 1966.
He received basic and primary flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola and Naval Air Station Saufley Field, Florida, and Naval Air Station Meridian, Mississippi.
He completed advanced flight training at Naval Air Station Kingsville, Texas and was assigned to Fighter Squadron 121 (VF-121) at Naval Air Station Miramar, California for replacement training in the F-4 Phantom II.
While assigned to Fighter Squadron 111 (VF-111) and Fighter Squadron 1 (VF-1) from April 1972 to September 1975, he saw duty aboard the aircraft carriers and , flying combat missions in Southeast Asia in the F-4 with VF-111 and making the initial operational carrier deployment of the F-14 Tomcat with VF-1.
Gibson returned to the United States and an assignment as an F-14A instructor pilot with Fighter Squadron 124 (VF-124) at Naval Air Station Miramar.
Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland in June 1977 and later became involved in the test and evaluation of improvements to the F-14A aircraft while assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Strike Aircraft Test Directorate.
Selected as a NASA astronaut, he continued to be promoted, eventually achieving the rank of Captain in the U.S. Navy and the rank at which he retired from active naval service.
Gibson's flight experience included over 6,000 flying hours (14,000 hours in total) in over 140 types of civil and military aircraft.
Gibson served as Chief of the Astronaut Office (December 1992 to September 1994) and as Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations (March–November 1996).
On his first space flight Gibson was the pilot on the crew of STS 41-B which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984.
The flight accomplished the deployment of two Hughes 376 communications satellites which later failed to reach desired geosynchronous orbits due to upper-stage rocket failures.
The STS 41-B mission marked the first checkout of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR), with Bruce McCandless II and Bob Stewart performing two EVAs (space walks).
Gibson was the commander of the STS-61-C mission, and the first of only four people under the age of 40 to command a STS Orbiter.
After 68 orbits of the Earth the mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base on December 6, 1988.
The mission was a cooperative venture between the United States and Japan, and included the first Japanese astronaut and the first African-American woman, Mae Jemison, in the crew.
The mission ended with a successful landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on September 20, 1992.
On his last flight, (June 27 to July 7, 1995), Gibson commanded a crew of seven-members (up) and eight-members (down) on Space Shuttle mission STS-71.
This was the first Space Shuttle mission to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir, and involved an exchange of crews.
It also carried a Spacelab module in the payload bay in which the crew performed various life sciences experiments and data collections.
When the hatch separating the two modules was opened, Gibson and Vladimir Dezhurov shook hands, symbolizing the newly-found cooperation between the United States of America and the Soviet Union.
Later that day, President Bill Clinton in a statement mentioned that this handshake was a major breakthrough towards the ending of the Cold War.
In 2006, as reported by NASA Watch, Gibson was forced to retire as mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration for commercial airline pilots.
During his appearance, he became the first contestant to make it to the million-dollar question without using any of his cheats.
Beginning in 2009, Gibson flew as a demonstration pilot for Hawker Beechcraft Corporation to showcase the Premier 1A light business jet across the United States and overseas.
In 2010, The Academy of Model Aeronautics, the United States' national aeromodeling organization, named Gibson a spokesperson and Ambassador to promote the hobby of radio controlled model flight and to encourage an interest in aviation amongst young people.
Gibson has stated that his interest in manned flight and his career as a test pilot and astronaut has its origin in his building of model aircraft as a youth.
However, the Tories complained that Whiteway's Liberals had promised jobs to Newfoundlanders who voted for him and filed petitions in the Supreme Court under the Corrupt Practices Act against fifteen Liberal members of the House alleging bribery and corruption.
In April 1894, in the midsts of the trials, Whiteway attempted to dissolve the House of Assembly and call new elections.
Instead, Governor Sir Arthur Murray refused Whiteway's requested and instead appointed Goodridge as the new Premier despite the fact that Goodridge's Tories were outnumbered by Liberals in the House of Assembly.
In order to prevent the Tories from being defeated by a Motion of No Confidence, Murray repeatedly prorogued the House before a vote could be held.
Regardless of this assistance by the governor, Goodridge's Tory Party government was short lived due to a mounting political and economic crisis and resigned on December 12, 1894 after the collapse of two banks.
Eden Center is a Vietnamese American strip mall located near the crossroads of Seven Corners in the City of Falls Church, Virginia.
Eden Center has created an anchor for Vietnamese culture serving the Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, and Pennsylvania areas, as evidenced by the large number of phở soup restaurants, bánh mì delicatessens, bakeries, markets, as well as Vietnamese-American cultural events that are regularly held at the Center.
Eden Center is the largest Vietnamese commercial center on the East Coast, and the largest Asian-themed mall on the east coast of North America.
The center opened in 1962 as the Plaza Seven Shopping Center, with a Grand Union supermarket and a Zayre discount store serving as anchors.
The name derives from the 1960s Saigon arcade Khu Eden; the cluster of stores took on the Eden name, and it ultimately evolved into the name for the entire center.
The landlord, Capital Commercial Properties, later added a clock tower and an arch flanked by lions, inspired by the Bến Thành Market in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Most businesses are located on ground level and offer direct access to the sidewalk and parking lot, as would a conventional strip mall.
At all times, a South Vietnamese Flag flies proudly above the mall, as is common with many Vietnamese-owned businesses in the Washington, D.C., area.
A high percentage of the businesses in the mall are restaurants, specifically Vietnamese restaurants, specializing in various levels of formality and in various aspects of Vietnamese cuisine.
These range from carry-out-only places that serve stir-fry dishes and spring rolls to high-volume phở soup restaurants to sit-down restaurants with large varied menus and a formal decor.
Other business types exist, including jewelry stores, herbal medicine shops, clothing and toy stores and travel agents, though these are less numerous.
Eden Center hosts an annual Tết, or Vietnamese New Year festival and an annual Moon Festival, both widely attended with a vibrant display of special food, performers, fireworks and lion dancing.
On August 11, 2011, law enforcement consisting of federal, Virginia State and local police jointly raided several businesses in Eden Center, seizing more than $1 million in cash from one business, and small amounts from other businesses.
No felony charges were ever filed, and ultimately, though some defendants pleaded guilty, many had their cases dismissed prior to trial and tensions were ignited between the Eden Center businesses and the City of Falls Church government.
Those tensions continued when a second raid was conducted only 5 months later, and suspects were arrested on a variety of gambling and money laundering charges, with many in the community alleging racism and poor investigation on the part of the police.
In particular, Bourdain visited the Song Que deli, and had a very favorable review of both that business and of the Eden Center.
Set at corner of 33rd Ave and 1539 Blake St. Astoria in Queens, Cosby portrayed grumpy Hilton Lucas, a New York City man forced into early retirement from his job as an airline customer service agent.
Initially, Telma Hopkins was cast as Ruth Lucas; however, she was recast after she reacted poorly to Cosby's tendency to ad lib.
Griffin occasionally tried to win Erica's affections, but they decided just to remain friends when in the fourth and final season, Darien Sills-Evans portrayed Darien Evans, Erica's fiancé/husband.
At the end of the fourth season, having accumulated enough episodes for the show to enter reruns, Cosby and CBS executive Leslie Moonves mutually decided to end the series.
The series was distributed by Carsey-Werner Distribution for broadcast syndication for the 2000–2001 television season, where it ran until the fall of 2004; after that point it was offered in low-cost barter arrangements.
In March 2010, gmc (the current UP Network) began airing the show, but as a family network with religious ownership, removed some episodes and edited some content in episodes to meet the network's mores.
It began to air on Bounce TV in January 2015, but was removed from air on July 7, 2015, when records were made public regarding allegations of Cosby's sexual assault against several women.
The Battle of Mount Longdon was an engagement of the Falklands War between the British Third Battalion, of the Parachute Regiment supported by six L118 light guns and the vessel and Argentine forces consisting of the 7th Infantry Regiment and other ad hoc additions.
The engagement took place on 11–12 June 1982, a mixture of hand-to-hand bayonet charges and ranged engagments, resulting in the British victory and their occupation of a key position around the besieged Argentine garrison at Port Stanley.
Additionally, there are claims of testimony from 23 people about a soldier who was shot to death by a corporal, four other former combatants who starved to death, and at least 15 cases of conscripts who were staked out on the ground.
The British force consisted of Third Battalion, the Parachute Regiment (3 PARA) under Lieutenant Colonel Hew Pike with artillery support from six L118 light guns of 29 Commando Regiment, Royal Artillery; Second Battalion, the Parachute Regiment (2 PARA) were in reserve.
The Argentine forces consisted of B Company, 7th Infantry Regiment (RI 7), part of 10th Mechanized Infantry Brigade, as well as detachments from other units.
The 7th Infantry Regiment, reinforced by two Marine Infantry platoons, held Mount Longdon, Wireless Ridge to the northwest of the Capital, Port Stanley and to their east, Cortley Ridge.
The Argentine forces on Mount Longdon were not raw conscripts, but recalled reservists with a year of military training under their belts.
Part of this training saw 7th Regiment undertake major, all-arms collective training in central Argentina alongside the 3rd and 6th Infantry Regiments of the 10th Brigade.
The young RI 7 soldiers were not going to abandon their positions easily and several were prepared to hold their ground.
They possessed fully automatic FN FAL rifles, FAP light machine guns and PAMS sub-machine guns; these weapons delivered more firepower than the British L1A1 rifle (SLR).
At their San Miguel del Monte training camp the 7th Regiment companies prepared for possible war against Chile and carried out some intense helicopter drills with the 601st Combat Aviation Battalion.
Some fifty of the 7th Regiment were to fight more resolutely than the rest and share their skills, having been put through a commando course organized by commando-trained Major Oscar Jaimet, the Operations Officer of the 6th Infantry Regiment (RI 6).
I was also shown how to use a bazooka, how to make and lay booby-traps, and how to navigate at night, and we went on helicopter drills, night and day attacks and ambushes.
During wartime, the higher ranking officers are in totally different places ... Sub Lieutenant Baldini would receive orders from Major Carrizo who was further down, to use our cold rations and that the more nutritious food we'd get when the fighting started because they didn't know if they'd be able to supply us with food.
Private Luis Aparicio claims that he and others once escaped into Port Stanley where they were able to buy cigarettes, jam, bread, apples and cookies and that the corporal in charge of his group would allow them to shoot and eat sheep, but that in the last 20 days they hardly got any food.
He also admits that the 1st Platoon was taken out of the mountain twice, in April and at the beginning of May, so that the soldiers could get a chance to shower in Port Stanley and that on the last march into town, the men were allowed to stay there under roofs overnight.
Private Carlos Amato claims that Baldini had a net stretched outside his tent that contained tinned provisions for his men, but claims these cold rations were poor quality, although he would consume them after getting a fellow conscript to heat them up first and that the NCOs in the platoon had no qualms in eating the cold rations made available to everybody in 1st Platoon.
Sergio Delgado claims that he hated his section leader, Corporal Geronimo Diaz of the 1st Platoon, but says that the NCO allowed him and four other conscripts to open up and drink several cans of beer that had been helicoptered forward.
Alonso admits he took no part in the fighting for he was evacuated during the daylight hours of 11 June, a victim of shell-shock during an artillery bombardment.
The previous day, Private Carbone had also been evacuated after he shot himself in his left thigh while inside his tent as is revealed in the book Two Sides of Hell (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1994).
Baldini applied first-aid and allowed the conscript to be taken down the mountain, where a helicopter arrived to take the wounded soldier to Stanley Hospital, but not before coming under heavy rifle fire from nervous sentries on Wireless Ridge that damaged the helicopter.
Baldini was later heavily criticized by veterans for being indifferent and selfish toward his men although this seems to have come from several petulant soldiers who failed to appreciate his efforts to keep them alive in difficult conditions.
In 2009, Argentine authorities in Comodoro Rivadavia ratified a decision made by authorities in Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego (which, according to Argentina, have authority over the islands), announcing their intention to charge 70 officers and NCOs with inhumane treatment of conscript soldiers during the war.
There are serious claims that false testimonies were used as evidence in accusing the Argentine officers and NCOs and Vassel had to step down from his post in 2010.
There are some types of crimes that no state should allow to go unpunished, no matter how much time has passed, such as the crimes of the dictatorship.
Last year Germany sentenced a 98-year-old corporal for his role in the concentration camps in one of the Eastern European countries occupied by Nazi Germany.
3 PARA and the supporting Royal Engineers from the 9th Parachute Squadron made a desperate march across the hills north of Mount Simon to seize the key piece of high ground above the settlement of Estancia, also known as Estancia House.
A lot of the time if we were going along on tracks – what few we did go on – we used Indian file, which is staggered file on either side of the track, like a zig-zag.
But there are great rivers of rock – big white boulders – and you have to cross them and then there's the heather and the gorse and its constantly wet.
So the wind chill factor was – I think somebody said minus 40 degrees – and storm force winds and horizontal rain – a nightmare scenario.
Captain Matthew Selfridge of 3 PARA and Captain Robbie Burns from the 9th Parachute Squadron (Royal Engineers) set up a patrol base near Murrell Bridge, two kilometres west of Mount Longdon on 3 June, protected by 4 Platoon (under Lieutenant Ian Bickerdike) from B Company.
From their forward operating base, Selfridge and Burns sent out patrols to scout out and harass the Argentine positions on Mount Longdon.
An example of a British snatch patrol that failed to obtain a prisoner was provided by 3 PARA on the night of 4–5 June 1982.
One British participant nevertheless claimed to have shot and killed two Argentines and demolished one mortar crew with a rocket at close range.
On the Argentine side, it was soon realised that the 7th Infantry Regiment Reconnaissance Platoon under Second Lieutenant Francisco Ramón Galíndez Matienzo on the surrounding Wireless Ridge position were in no condition to carry out their own patrolling for they had been designated the Argentine reserve on Wireless Ridge.
They were able to do so with some success and in the early hours of 7 June when a combined patrol of the 601 Commando Company and 601st National Gendarmerie Special Forces Squadron, investigating reports from Major Jaimet of enemy activity around Murrell Bridge was seen approaching the bridge.
After several nights in the area Corporals Peter Hadden and Mark Brown and their patrols had just arrived at the bluff on the western bank of the Murrell River which Sergeant Ian Addle's patrol was using as a base.
The Paras opened up and a confused firefight developed in the darkness, with small arms, machinegun, British LAW rockets and Argentine Energa rifle grenades being exchanged.
Captain Rubén Teófilo Figueroa's 2nd Assault Section from 601 Commando Company was very aggressive and before dawn had forced the Paras to withdraw, having to leave behind much of their equipment.
They were forced to evacuate their position rapidly, leaving behind their packs and radio, but succeeded in withdrawing without suffering any casualties.
The location was checked on the evening of 8 June by another patrol, but there was no sign of the packs or radio, which meant the battalion's radio net could have been compromised.
That same night, another an 8-man section (under Corporal Oscar Nicolás Albornoz-Guevara) from the 4th Regiment's C Company on nearby Two Sisters Mountain attempted to map out the British positions in Estancia House area, but British lookouts detected this force and 3 PARA's Mortar Platoon repelled the Argentine patrol.
Nevertheless, despite evidence of aggressive Argentine patrolling, Colonel Pike and his company commanders on the eve of battle still held the Argentine regulars in low regard and did not expect them to put up much resistance.
For this reason the British hoped to surprise the Argentine commanders by advancing as close to their forward platoon as possible under cover of darkness, before storming into their trenches with fixed bayonets.
B Company would attack through 'Fly Half' and proceed to 'Full Back', while A Company, followed by C Company if necessary, would do the same on Wireless Ridge.
Of course, we were very fed up with wearing the same clothes for so many days, going without a shower, being so cold, eating badly.
When 3 PARA's B Company (under Major Mike Argue) fixed bayonets to storm the Argentine 1st Platoon positions on Mount Longdon, they found themselves running into a minefield.
As dusk set-in, 3 PARA moved to their start lines and, after a brief stop, began to make the four-hour-long advance on their objectives.
As B Company approached Mount Longdon, Corporal Brian Milne stepped on a mine, which after a very silent approach, alerted Sub-Lieutenant Baldini's platoon of conscripts.
More than 20 Argentinian soldiers emerged from their tents to lay down fire, but most of the platoon was still struggling out of its sleeping bags when Lieutenant Ian Bickerdike's No.
Corporal Stewart McLaughlin was in the thick of the action, clearing out an Argentine 7.62mm machinegun from the high ground overlooking the western slopes.
He mustered his section, ordered them to fix bayonets and then led them up the hill into a hail of machinegun fire.
However, they had missed half a dozen Argentine conscripts of the 3rd Platoon, having grenaded several abandoned bunkers, and these launched a fierce attack on the unsuspecting platoon, resulting in a number of casualties before the area was cleared.
Privates Ben Gough and Dominic Gray managed to crawl undetected up to an Argentine bunker and crouched beside it as the Marine conscripts inside blasted away into the night.
In unison the two Paras each pulled the pin out of a grenade and 'posted' them through the firing slit of the bunker.
A British soldier climbed over the rock which supported the accommodation bunker of the 105mm gun crew, and from here he was silhouetted.
I aimed and fired and he fell, then Conscript Daniel Ferrandis alerted me to the approach of three British soldiers on the flank.
Many people fell to the ground screaming, but soon the enemy was aware of my presence and every time I fired a shot I received a great deal of fire in response.
Not long after my main action I was wounded ... We could also hear the cries for help from the Rasit radar operator Sergeant Roque Nista, who was wounded.
Also killed in the initial fighting was Cavalry Sergeant Jorge Alberto Ron (according to Private Altieri who was wounded in the blast that killed the NCO) and the Argentine forward artillery observation officer, Lieutenant Alberto Rolando Ramos, whose last message was that his position was surrounded.
Just as it seemed as if the Paras would overwhelm 2nd Lieutenant Enrique Neirotti's 3rd Platoon on the southern half and Staff Sergeant Raúl González's 2nd Platoon on the northern half of the mountain, reinforcements from 2nd Lieutenant Hugo Quiroga's 1st Platoon, 10th Engineer Company on 'Full Back' arrived to help Neirotti and González.
Throughout the initial fighting in this sector, most of the Argentine positions on the saddle of the mountain held, the newly arrived engineers using head-mounted nightsights, proving particularly deadly to the Paras.
We punched his arm down onto the ground to staunch the bleeding, believing he'd lost half his right forearm and hand, but it was still there and his arm bent at the forearm instead of the elbow – a horrible thing to watch.
'Baz' had gone back to try to get field dressings for Pete Grey and [as] he was coming back, 'bang', he got it in the back.
At the centre of the mountain were Marine conscripts Jorge Maciel and Claudio Scaglione in a bunker with a heavy machinegun and Marine conscripts Luis Fernández and Sergio Giuseppetti with night-scope equipped rifles.
4 Platoon were attempting to perform reconnaissance on the Marine positions; in doing so, the platoon commander and signaller were wounded.
Sergeant McKay realising something needed to be done, decided to attack the Marine heavy machinegun position that was causing so much damage.
Despite these losses Sergeant McKay, with complete disregard for his own safety for which he was to win a posthumous Victoria Cross, continued to charge the enemy position alone, lobbing grenades, and was killed.
(Arms & Armour Press, 1993), pointed out that McKay and his team cleared several Marine riflemen from the position but failed to neutralize the heavy machinegun.
Corporal McLaughlin managed to crawl to within grenade-throwing range of the Marine heavy-machinegun team, but despite several efforts with fragmentation grenades and 66 mm rockets, he was unable to silence it.
First Lieutenant Raúl Fernando Castañeda gathered the sections of his platoon, hooked around First Sergeant Raúl González's 2nd Platoon that was already fighting and delivered a counterattack [at about 2 am local time].
Major Carrizo-Salvadores manoeuvred Castañeda's reinforced platoon to close with 4 and 5 Platoons; meanwhile, under the direction of Corporal Jorge Daniel Arribas, part of Castañeda's platoon converged on the British aid post.
Colour Sergeant Brian Faulkner, seeing that more than 20 wounded Paras on the western slopes of the mountain were about to fall into the hands of Corporal Arribas, deployed anyone fit enough to defend the British Regimental Aid Post.
At that point, Lieutenant Colonel Hew Pike and his 'R' Group arrived on the scene and Major Argue briefed him on the situation.
Shortly afterwards, Company Sergeant-Major Weeks reported that both platoons had pulled back to a safe distance and that all the wounded had been recovered.
By the time the 21 survivors of Castañeda's 46-man platoon had worked their way off the mountain, they were utterly exhausted.
Private Rondi, having dodged groups of Paras to deliver messages to Castañeda's section leaders, had found the body of a Para behind a rock (it may have been Sergeant McKay) and took his red beret and SLR which he later gave to the Argentine commanders as trophies.
4, and 5 Platoons, and 29 Commando Regiment directed artillery fire at the mountain from Mount Kent, after which the area was flanked from the left.
Under heavy fire, the remnants of 4 and 5 Platoons, under Lieutenant Mark Cox, advanced upon their objective of 'Full Back', taking some casualties from Casteñeda's platoon in the form of Corporal Julio Nardielo Mamani's section as they did so.
As he was clearing the Argentine position, Private Grey was injured from a headshot but refused to be evacuated until Maj.
The Paras could not move any further without taking unacceptable losses and so were pulled back to the western end of Mount Longdon, with the orders for Major David Collett's A Company to move through B Company and assault, from the west, the eastern objective of 'Full Back', a heavily defended position, with covering fire being given from Support Company.
Lieutenant David Wright and Second Lieutenant Ian Moore mustered their platoons near the western summit and had briefed them on how to deal with the enemy.
Although already wounded, Corporal Manuel Medina of Castañeda's platoon took over another recoilless rifle detachment and personally fired along the ridge at Support Company, killing three Paras, including Private Peter Heddicker, who took the full force of a 105 mm anti-tank round, and three others were also wounded.
Major Carrizo-Salvadores abandoned his command bunker on 'Full Back' only when a MILAN missile smashed into some rocks just behind him.
The swearing in English on the part of the conscripts, and the discovery of several dead Argentine Marine conscripts dressed in camouflaged uniforms at first led the Paras to believe they had encountered mercenaries from the United States on Mount Longdon.
Two of the 3 PARA dead – Privates Ian Scrivens and Jason Burt – were only seventeen years old, and Private Neil Grose was killed on his 18th birthday.
A further four Paras and one REME craftsman were killed and seven Paratroopers were wounded in the following two-day shelling that followed, that was directed by Sub-Lieutenant Marcelo de Marco of the 5th Marines on Tumbledown Mountain.
Several Paras were also wounded by the counter-fire directed by the Argentine Forward Artillery Observation Officer (Major Guillermo Nani) on Wireless Ridge on the night of 13–14 June.
Lance-Corporal Vincent Bramley was patrolling the western half of Mount Longdon when he was confronted with the full horror of the night combat.
I turned and looked at our own lads, dead on the ground, mowed down when they tried to rush through this gap.
It is part of the 64-campus State University of New York (SUNY) system and serves Erie County and the surrounding communities of western New York.
Examples of ablative materials are described below, and include spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry, ice and snow in glaciology, biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials.
Genetic ablation is another term for gene silencing, in which gene expression is abolished through the alteration or deletion of genetic sequence information.
In glaciology and meteorology, ablation—the opposite of accumulation—refers to all processes that remove snow, ice, or water from a glacier or snowfield.
Ablation refers to the melting of snow or ice that runs off the glacier, evaporation, sublimation, calving, or erosive removal of snow by wind.
Where solar radiation is the dominant cause of snow ablation (e.g., if air temperatures are low under clear skies), characteristic ablation textures such as suncups and penitentes may develop on the snow surface.
There is a thin debris layer that can be located on the top of glaciers that intensifies the ablation process below the ice.
The debris-covered parts of a glacier that is experiencing ablation are sectioned into three categories which include ice cliffs, ponds, and debris.
It is noted that if the slope of a glacier is too high then the debris will continue to move along the glacier to a further location.
The sizes and locations of glaciers vary around the world, so depending on the climate and physical geography the varieties of debris can differ.
The size and magnitude of the debris is dependent on the area of glacier and can vary from dust-size fragments to blocks as large as a house.
Yoshiyuki Fujii, a professor at the National Institute of Polar Research designed an experiment that showed ablation rate was accelerated under a thin debris layer and was retarded under a thick one as compared with that of a natural snow surface.
This science is significant due to the importance of long-term availability of water resources and assess glacier response to climate change.
Natural resource availability is a major drive behind research conducted in regards to the ablation process and overall study of glaciers.
Laser ablation is greatly affected by the nature of the material and its ability to absorb energy, therefore the wavelength of the ablation laser should have a minimum absorption depth.
Surface ablation of the cornea for several types of eye refractive surgery is now common, using an excimer laser system (LASIK and LASEK).
Since the cornea does not grow back, laser is used to remodel the cornea refractive properties to correct refraction errors, such as astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia.
Laser ablation is also used to remove part of the uterine wall in women with menstruation and adenomyosis problems in a process called endometrial ablation.
Recently, researchers have demonstrated a successful technique for ablating subsurface tumors with minimal thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissue, by using a focused laser beam from an ultra-short pulse diode laser source.
Antifouling paints and other related coatings are routinely used to prevent the buildup of microorganisms and other animals, such as barnacles for the bottom hull surfaces of recreational, commercial and military sea vessels.
Surface ablation of the skin (dermabrasion, also called resurfacing because it induces regeneration) can be carried out by chemicals (chemoablation), by lasers (laser ablation), by freezing (cryoablation), or by electricity (fulguration).
Ablation therapy using radio frequency waves on the heart is used to cure a variety of cardiac arrhythmiae such as supraventricular tachycardia, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW), ventricular tachycardia, and more recently as management of atrial fibrillation.
The term is often used in the context of laser ablation, a process in which a laser dissolves a material's molecular bonds.
For a laser to ablate tissues, the power density or fluence must be high, otherwise thermocoagulation occurs, which is simply thermal vaporization of the tissues.
Rotoablation is a type of arterial cleansing that consists of inserting a tiny, diamond-tipped, drill-like device into the affected artery to remove fatty deposits or plaque.
Bone marrow ablation is a process whereby the human bone marrow cells are eliminated in preparation for a bone marrow transplant.
Ablation of brain tissue is used for treating certain neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, and sometimes for psychiatric disorders as well.
In particular, genetic ablation is potentially a much more efficient method of removing unwanted cells, such as tumor cells, because large numbers of animals lacking specific cells could be generated.
The idea is to put enough of this material in the way of the fire that a level of fire-resistance rating can be maintained, as demonstrated in a fire test.
In the case of silicone, organic rubber surrounds very finely divided silica dust (up to 380 m² of combined surface area of all the dust particles per gram of this dust).
When the organic rubber is exposed to fire, it burns to ash and leaves behind the silica dust with which the product started.
In spacecraft design, ablation is used to both cool and protect mechanical parts and/or payloads that would otherwise be damaged by extremely high temperatures.
Examples include the Apollo Command Module that protected astronauts from the heat of atmospheric reentry and the Kestrel second stage rocket engine designed for exclusive use in an environment of space vacuum since no heat convection is possible.
In a basic sense, ablative material is designed to slowly burn away in a controlled manner, so that heat can be carried away from the spacecraft by the gases generated by the ablative process while the remaining solid material insulates the craft from superheated gases.
There is an entire branch of spaceflight research involving the search for new fireproofing materials to achieve the best ablative performance; this function is critical to protect the spacecraft occupants and payload from otherwise excessive heat loading.
The same technology is used in some passive fire protection applications, in some cases by the same vendors, who offer different versions of these fireproofing products, some for aerospace and some for structural fire protection.
According to Livy, the settlement on the Esquiline was expanded during the reign of Servius Tullius, Rome's sixth king, in the 6th century BC.
The political advisor and art patron Maecenas (70–8 BC) sited his gardens, the first in the Hellenistic-Persian garden style in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, atop the Servian Wall and its adjoining necropolis.
At the Oppius, Nero (37 AD–68 AD) confiscated property to build his extravagant, mile-long Golden House, and later still Trajan (53–117) constructed his bath complex, both of whose remains are visible today.
The 3rd-century Horti Liciniani, a group of gardens (including the relatively well-preserved nymphaeum formerly identified as the non-extant Temple of Minerva Medica), were probably constructed on the Esquiline Hill.
According to a tradition recounted by Titus Livy, the hill received its name from the Etruscan folk hero Caelius Vibenna, because he either settled there or was honored posthumously by his friend Servius Tullius.
In Republican-era and Imperial Rome alike, the Caelian Hill was a fashionable residential district and the site of residences of the wealthy.
This expensive feat was achieved on the Caelian Hill by Mamurra, a soldier who served under Julius Caesar in Gaul, profited tremendously from corruption, and was accordingly mocked by Horace and Catullus.
The Caelian is also the site of the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo and the ancient basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo, known for its centralized, circular plan.
George Santayana lived in a room at the Convent of English blue sisters on the Caelian Hill from 1912 until his death.
A finger-shape cusp pointing toward central Rome between the Quirinal Hill to the northwest and the Esquiline Hill to the southeast, it is home to the Teatro dell'Opera and the Termini Railway Station.
According to Livy, the hill first became part of the city of Rome, along with the Quirinal Hill, during the reign of Servius Tullius, Rome' sixth king, in the 6th century BC.
Paul Sandner Moller (born December 11, 1936) is a Canadian engineer who has spent the past fifty years+ developing the Moller Skycar personal vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) vehicle.
Moller settled this lawsuit without admitting guilt by agreeing to a permanent injunction against claiming projected worth of Moller International stock and paying US$50,000.
In 2007, Moller announced that the M200G Volantor, a successor to the Moller Skycar, would hopefully be on the market in the United States by early 2008.
On May 18, 2009, Moller filed for personal protection under the Chapter 11 reorganization provisions of the federal bankruptcy law, however Moller International (corporation) did not file for bankruptcy and continues to do business .
Fictional colleges are perennially popular in modern novels, allowing the author much greater licence when describing the more intimate activities of a Cambridge college and a way of placing events that might not be permitted by actual Cambridge geography.
A software licensing audit or software compliance audit is an important sub-set of software asset management and component of corporate risk management.
When a company is unaware of what software is installed and being used on its machines, it can result in multiple layers of exposure.
The primary benefits a corporation receives from performing a software licensing audit are greater control and various forms of cost savings.
The audit is used both as an efficiency mechanism to improve software distribution within an organisation and as a preventative mechanism to avoid copyright infringement prosecution by software companies.
Software licensing audits are an important part of software asset management, but also serve as a method of corporate reputation management by ensuring that the company is operating within legal and ethical guidelines.
Software audits should not be confused with code audits, which are carried out on the source code of a software project.
The typical examples are switching from the single permissive license to the dual licensing model (the choice between strong reciprocal or paid commercial) as for iText, switching from more reciprocal to more permissive license (as for Qt Extended) and opensourcing the previously commercial code (as for OpenJDK).
In such cases it is not enough to detect that some library or code fragment has been used - an exact used version must be correctly identified.
Further difficulties may arise if the library owner removes the obsolete versions (that were under different license) from the public sources.
In such case the proper audit must take into consideration if the library has been linked or the derivative work (custom branch) has been created.
Finally, some software packages may internally contain fragments of the source code (such as source code of the Oracle Java) that may be provided only for reference or have various other licenses, not necessary compatible with the internal policies of the company.
If the software team actually does not use (or even is not aware) about such fragments, this must be viewed differently from the case if they would be directly linked.
All these issues are relatively easy to resolve if the auditing group cooperates with the software team that normally should know the used versions and so on.
It is also now embraced within ISO/IEC 27001:2005 Information Technology - Security Techniques - Information Security Management Systems - Requirements and ISO/IEC 17799:2005 Information Technology - Security Techniques - Code of Practice for Information Security Management.
Software asset management is a comprehensive strategy that has to be addressed from top to bottom in an organisation to be effective, to minimize risk.
The audit process itself should be a continuing action, and modern SAM software identifies what is installed, where it is installed, its usage, and provides a reconciliation of this discovery against usage.
From time to time internal or external (by major accounting firms) audits may take a forensic approach to establish what is installed on the computers in an organisation with the purpose of ensuring that it is all legal and authorised and to ensure that its process of processing transactions or events is correct.
Though one might be confronted with a software vendor audit by fair contractual and legal means, one should know and reserve one's crucial rights in an audit situation as well.
Software audits are a component of corporate risk management, and they certainly minimise the risk of prosecution for copyright infringement due to use of unlicensed software.
Vendors subscribe to organizations such as the Federation Against Software Theft (FAST) and the Business Software Alliance (BSA) as a means of providing an industry approach to control piracy, counterfeiting, and illegal use of software.
They publicize campaigns against illegal use of software and reward any employees who notify them of any breaches which result in successful prosecution and/or recovery of license fees.
As such there are times when those substances may not be able to pass over the cell membrane using protein-independent movement.
The cell membrane is imbedded with many membrane transport proteins that allow such molecules to travel in and out of the cell.
GLUT1 is a transmembrane protein, which means it spans the entire width of the cell membrane, connecting the extracellular and intracellular region.
It is a uniport system because it specifically transports glucose in only one direction, down its concentration gradient across the cell membrane.
An example of a symport mediated transport protein is SGLT1, a sodium/glucose co-transporter protein that is mainly found in the intestinal tract.
The SGLT1 protein is a symport system because it passes both glucose and sodium in the same direction, from the lumen of the intestine to inside the intestinal cells.
An example of an antiport mediated transport protein is the sodium-calcium antiporter, a transport protein involved in keeping the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions in the cells, low.
This transport protein is an antiport system because it transports three sodium ions across the plasma membrane in exchange for a calcium ion, which is transported in the opposite direction.
The change of shape or other added substances such as ATP will, in turn, cause the transport protein to alter its shape and release the molecule onto the other side of the cell membrane.
The rating percentage index, commonly known as the RPI, is a quantity used to rank sports teams based upon a team's wins and losses and its strength of schedule.
It is one of the sports rating systems by which NCAA basketball, baseball, softball, hockey, soccer, lacrosse, and volleyball teams are ranked.
This system was in use in Division I men's college basketball from 1981 through 2018 to aid in the selecting and seeding of teams appearing in the men's playoffs (see March Madness), and has been used in the women's tournament since its inception in 1982.
During the 2018 offseason, the NCAA announced that the RPI would no longer be used in the selection process for the Division I men's basketball tournament.
This new metric will initially be used only by the Division I men's selection committee—the Division I women's basketball committee, plus all other NCAA selection committees, continue to use their own versions of the RPI.
In its current formulation, the index comprises a team's winning percentage (25%), its opponents' winning percentage (50%), and the winning percentage of those opponents' opponents (25%).
Thus, the SOS accounts for 75% of the RPI calculation and is 2/3 its opponents' winning percentage and 1/3 its opponents' opponents' winning percentages.
Other ranking systems which include the margin of victory of games played or other statistics in addition to the win/loss results have been shown to be a better predictor of the outcomes of future games.
However, because the margin of victory has been manipulated in the past by teams or individuals in the context of gambling, the RPI can be used to mitigate motivation for such manipulation.
Also, some mid-major conferences regularly compel their member teams to schedule opponents ranked in the top half of the RPI, which could boost the strength of that conference and/or its tougher-scheduling teams.
In basketball, the Missouri Valley Conference has successfully done this: It has become one of the top-rated RPI conferences, despite having very few of its teams ranked in the two national Top 25 polls.
The current and commonly used formula for determining the RPI of a college basketball team at any given time is as follows.
For Division 1 NCAA Men's basketball, the WP factor of the RPI was updated in 2004 to account for differences in home, away, and neutral games.
This changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rating_percentage_index&action=edit was based on statistical data that consistently showed home teams in Division I basketball winning about two-thirds of the time.
As an example, if a team loses to Syracuse at home, beats them away, and then loses to Cincinnati away, their record would be 1–2.
The OWP is calculated by taking the average of the WP's for each of the team's opponents with the requirement that all games against the team in question are removed from the equation.
Continuing from the example above, assume Syracuse has played one other game and lost, while Cincinnati has played two other teams and won.
Thus the OWP of the team is (0/1 + 0/1 + 2/2) / 3 (number of opponents – Syracuse, Syracuse, Cincinnati).
Syracuse has played and beat the team in question (which, excluding the games against Syracuse, only lost to Cincinnati), lost to the team in question (excluding Syracuse, only lost to Cincinnati), and lost one other game (excluding Syracuse, this team has no WP).
Cincinnati has played the team in question (excluding Cincinnati, they went 1–1 vs. Syracuse) and won versus two other opponents each of which have no WP when games versus Cincinnati are excluded.
Due to the heavy weighting of opponents winning percentage, beating a team with a bad RPI may actually hurt your RPI.
The NCAA announced on August 22, 2018 that the RPI would no longer be used in the Division I men's basketball selection process, and would be replaced by the aforementioned NET.
Game date and order are not included in the NET—all games are treated equally, whether an early-season matchup or a conference tournament championship game.
The formula used in NCAA baseball is the same as that used in basketball except for the adjustment of home and road records.
Neutral-site games have a value of 1.0, but the committee is studying how to determine if a game should be considered a neutral-site contest.
Some schools are able to play 35–40 of their 56 allowable games at home, while other teams, due to factors such as weather, may play only 20 home games.
Bonus points were awarded for beating top-75 non-conference opponents on the road and penalty points were given for losing to bottom-75 non-conference opponents at home.
Bonuses and penalties were on a sliding scale, separated into groups of 25, with the top bonus for a road win against a top-25 team and the worst penalty for a home loss to a bottom-25 opponent.
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
Transport proteins are integral transmembrane protein; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances.
In contrast, a channel can be open to both environments at the same time, allowing the molecules to diffuse without interruption.
When a channel is opened, millions of ions can pass through the membrane per second, but only 100 to 1000 molecules typically pass through a carrier molecule in the same time.
Unlike channel proteins which only transport substances through membranes passively, carrier proteins can transport ions and molecules either passively through facilitated diffusion, or via secondary active transport.
The molecule or ion to be transported (the substrate) must first bind at a binding site at the carrier molecule, with a certain binding affinity.
Following binding, and while the binding site is facing the same way, the carrier will capture or occlude (take in and retain) the substrate within its molecular structure and cause an internal translocation so that the opening in the protein now faces the other side of the plasma membrane.
Facilitated diffusion is the passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane through specific transport proteins and requires no energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is used especially in the case of large polar molecules and charged ions; once such ions are dissolved in water they cannot diffuse freely across cell membranes due to the hydrophobic nature of the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids that make up the bilayers.
They are still transmembrane carrier proteins, but these are gated transmembrane channels, meaning they do not internally translocate, nor require ATP to function.
The substrate is taken in one side of the gated carrier, and without using ATP the substrate is released into the cell.
Transporter reversal typically occurs when a membrane transport protein is phosphorylated by a particular protein kinase, which is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group to proteins.
The transmembrane electron transfer carriers in the membrane include two-electron carriers, such as the disulfide bond oxidoreductases (DsbB and DsbD in E. coli) as well as one-electron carriers such as NADPH oxidase.
For example, GLUT1 is a named carrier protein found in almost all animal cell membranes that transports glucose across the bilayer.
Cysteinuria (cysteine in the urine and the bladder) is such a disease involving defective cysteine carrier proteins in the kidney cell membranes.
This transport system normally removes cysteine from the fluid destined to become urine and returns this essential amino acid to the blood.
When this carrier malfunctions, large quantities of cysteine remain in the urine, where it is relatively insoluble and tends to precipitate.
The current municipality was created in 1999 by the amalgamation of the Town of Kincardine, the Township of Kincardine, and the Township of Bruce.
In addition to the main population centre of Kincardine itself (population 6,725), the municipality also contains the smaller communities of Armow, Baie du Dore, Bervie, Glammis, Inverhuron, Millarton, North Bruce, Tiverton, and Underwood.
The Town of Kincardine, the Township of Kincardine, and the Township of Bruce were then amalgamated to form the Township of Kincardine-Bruce-Tiverton on January 1, 1999, with boundaries identical to those of the municipality that had existed in 1855.
After the first election of the new municipal council, a plebiscite was conducted, and the name changed to the Municipality of Kincardine.
The council includes a mayor elected at large, two councillors elected from Ward 1 (the former Town of Kincardine), one from Ward 2 (the former Township of Kincardine), one from Ward 3 (the former Township of Bruce).
The Bluewater District School Board is the school board for the Kincardine area, and Kincardine District Secondary School is the local high school for most students.
There are 5 local elementary schools, Elgin Market Public School, Huron Heights Public School, St. Anthony's Catholic School, Kincardine Township-Tiverton Public School (located in Kincardine Township), and Ripley Huron Community School (located in Ripley).
The economy of Kincardine is dominated by the Bruce Nuclear Power Development since the 1970s, which is currently operated by Bruce Power, a private company under lease from Ontario Power Generation.
Ontario Power Generation's Deep Geologic Repository for low and intermediate-level waste at the plant has been planned since 2001 and is awaiting federal approval.
Further, the Kincardine Family Health Team, a Ministry of Health & Long-Term Care Initiative is located in the community offering programs and services surrounding health promotion and disease prevention.
The local community centre, The Davidson Centre is the central location for most recreation activities as it has a park, skate park, soccer fields, track (indoor & outdoor), swimming pool, gym, basketball court and hockey rink.
Also every night in the summer (except for Saturdays) the Phantom Piper (a bag piper) plays his bagpipes on top of the light house at sunset.
Showcasing Kincardine's artistic side, Kincardine is also home to Sundown Theatre (Summer Performance Company), Bluewater Summer Playhouse (Drama Festival) and The Kincardine Summer Music Festival.
The town's old lighthouse and museum are located on it, as well as The Erie Belle Restaurant and the Harbour Street Brasserie.
Perhaps the most famous landmark on Harbour Street is the Walker House, the oldest building in Kincardine, which is now a museum.
Youree Dell Harris (August 12, 1962 – July 26, 2016) was an American television personality best known as Miss Cleo, a spokeswoman for a psychic pay-per-call service called Psychic Readers Network from 1997 to 2003.
In 1996, Harris and her partner opened a theatrical production company in Seattle, Washington, which produced several plays written by her.
Charges of deceptive advertising and of fraud on the part of the Psychic Readers Network began to surface around this time.
In 2002, the Federal Trade Commission charged the company's owners and Harris' promoters, Steven Feder and Peter Stotz, with deceptive advertising, billing, and collection practices; Harris was not indicted.
Her promoters agreed to settle by erasing $500 million of debt owed by its victims to Psychic Readers Network and paying a $5 million fine to the Federal Trade Commission.
It emerged during a lawsuit in Florida that Harris had been born in Los Angeles, and that her parents were U.S. citizens.
The Psychic Readers Network intervened, however, saying that it owned the character of Miss Cleo, and the advertisements were no longer aired.
Nicholas Vivian Howard Mallett (born 30 October 1956) is a former South African rugby union player who played for the Springboks, South Africa's national rugby union team, in 1984.
He also coached the Springboks between 1997 and 2000 and was the head coach of Italy's rugby union team between 2007 and 2011.
Born on 30 October 1956 in Hertford Heath, England, Mallett moved to Rhodesia with his family in 1956 when he was only six weeks old, and his father, Tony Mallett, took up a post as an English teacher at the recently founded Peterhouse Boys' School, in Marandellas near Salisbury.
Nick first arrived in Cape Town, South Africa in 1963, when his father was appointed Headmaster of Diocesan College, after which he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown.
In 1979 Mallett moved back to England to attend University College at the University of Oxford, where he not only gained further qualifications but also won Blues in rugby union and cricket, famously hitting three sixes in one over off Ian Botham.
Eventually he returned to South Africa, where he represented Western Province in four consecutive Currie Cup wins between 1982 and 1985, and played two games for the Springboks in 1984 against the South American Jaguars.
Mallett once again left South Africa in 1985, this time for France, where he played and coached rugby for seven years until 1992 before eventually returning to South Africa in 1994 and taking a job as Head of the False Bay Rugby Club until 1995.
Between 1995 and 1996, Mallett took up the role of head coach of the Boland Cavaliers before being appointed assistant coach to the Springboks in 1996 and finally getting the job of Springbok Coach in 1997.
Between August 1997 and December 1998, under Mallett's guidance, the Springboks went on a record winning streak of 17 consecutive test wins.
As part of the unbeaten run the Springboks won the Tri Nations Series undefeated and beat several teams by record margins, including a 52–10 against France in Paris, a 68–10 win over Scotland in Edinburgh, a 33–0 defeat of Ireland and a 96–13 against Wales.
The run ended when the Springbok team was defeated by England at Twickenham at the end of a long tour on 5 December 1998.
The relationship between Mallet and Gary Teichmann, one of South Africa's most successful team captains ever (with 36 wins), began to sour and Teichman was controversially excluded from the 1999 Rugby World Cup squad.
Mallet looked for a new captain, first turning to Corné Krige then Rassie Erasmus, Joost van der Westhuizen and André Vos for a solution.
In the end, despite the internal instability in the squad, the Springboks managed four consecutive wins and were finally knocked out of the championship in the semi-final by eventual winners Australia.
Despite his team's relatively mediocre results of 8 wins and 5 losses in 1999, the Springboks still managed to break more records, beating Italy 101–0 and England in the quarter-final 44–21, with Jannie de Beer kicking a world-record five drop goals in that game.
He had alienated the SARFU executive, and on 27 September he resigned as national coach at the start of a disciplinary hearing began into allegations that his comments had brought the game into disrepute.
Some fans, upset by how he had treated Teichman and his team's sudden poor performance, were also keen to see him go.
Mallett moved back to France as coach for the Paris club Stade Français, which he led to two consecutive French domestic title wins in 2003 and 2004 before returning to South Africa where he accepted the job of Director of Rugby at Western Province.
Initially there was speculation that he might coach the Springbok team again, but those rumours were quashed by the appointment of Jake White as the new South African coach.
Mallet was linked with the position of England coach after the coerced resignation of Andy Robinson in 2006, a position that eventually went to Brian Ashton.
His Six Nations debut was fairly impressive; Italy were defeated by Ireland 11–16 in the first game, but came close to victory against Jonny Wilkinson's England team.
During the summer test matches, he got a good result against South Africa, the world champions at the time, in Cape Town, despite Italy losing 0–26.
Despite this victory, Italy's only win in the competition, they didn't avoid the wooden spoon because Scotland's points difference was just one better.
In November 2011, after the World Cup in New Zealand, Nick Mallett's contract as head coach of Italy expired and he returned to Cape Town with Frenchman Jacques Brunel taking over the Italy job.
Mallett has stated that he wishes to spend time with his family in South Africa, despite being briefly linked to the position as Coach of England following Martin Johnson's resignation.
It ceased publication abruptly in late 1997, following the death of co-founder Kathy Keeton; activity on the magazine's website ended the following April.
The magazine also published original science fiction and fantasy by William S. Burroughs, Joyce Carol Oates, Jonathan Carroll, Julio Cortazar, T. Coraghessan Boyle, and other mainstream writers.
An Italian edition was edited by Alberto Peruzzo and ran for 20 issues from 1981 to 1983, when Peruzzo detached the name Omni from his local edition.
The Japanese edition ran from 1982 to the summer of 1989 and included almost entirely different content to the American edition.
A Russian edition was published in the Soviet Union beginning in September 1989 in conjunction with the USSR Academy of Sciences.
This arrangement was intended to last for one year and was made possible by the Glasnost events in the Soviet Union.
A French-language, dubbed version of the show appeared on the Canadian public TV network Radio-Québec (now known as Télé-Québec) in 1994.
Under the umbrella of PGMI, OMNI was reimagined as a series of print quarterlies starting in 2017, with Pamela Weintraub as Editor-in-Chief and Ellen Datlow as Fiction Editor.
SO-DIMMs are often used in systems that have limited space, which include laptops, notebooks, small-footprint personal computers such as those based on Mini-ITX motherboards, high-end upgradable office printers, and networking hardware such as routers and NAS devices.
In both cases the notch is located at one fifth of the board length (20 pins + notch + 80 pins), but in DDR2 the notch is located slightly closer to the center of the board.
SO-DIMMs are nearly equal in power and voltage rating to DIMMs; SO-DIMM technology does not mean lower performance compared to larger DIMMs.
For example, DDR3 SO-DIMMs provide clock speeds such as 533 MHz (1066 MT/s, PC3-8500), CAS latencies such as 7, and higher capacities such as 4 GB per module.
It is named for James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine, sixth Governor General of the Province of Canada.
Huron County was organized in the Huron District in 1845, and the District itself (which had been continued for judicial purposes) was abolished at the beginning of 1850.
Legislation passed later in the same session of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada provided instead for it to be reconstituted as the United Counties of Huron, Perth and Bruce, with the territory of the Bruce Peninsula withdrawn and annexed to Waterloo County.
The County of Perth was given its own Provisional Municipal Council at that time, and was separated from the United Counties in 1853.
In 1849, the Huron District Council initially united the area of the county with the United Townships of Wawanosh and Ashfield as a single municipality, which lasted until 1851 when Wawanosh and Ashfield were withdrawn.
A Provisional Municipal Council was established for Bruce County at the beginning of 1857, Walkerton was initially proclaimed as the county seat, in preference to Kincardine, but local opposition (including an abortive attempt to have the county divided into Bruce and Saugeen) forced the proclamation to be deferred until each town and village had presented a case for its selection.
In 1863, the provisional council promoted a bill in the Legislative Assembly to divide the county into the counties of Bruce and Wallace, but it only went as far as second reading and did not proceed further.
The provisional council later asked for legislation to provide for a referendum as to whether Walkerton, Paisley, Kincardine or another place would be the most acceptable choice.
In early 1865, the provisional council asked for legislation to confirm the result, but changed its mind later in the year in favour of Walkerton.
Confirming legislation was passed in 1866 to provide for the dissolution of the United Counties on January 1, 1867, with Huron and Bruce becoming separate counties for all purposes.
In the areas around Sauble Beach and Southampton, some cottages are on land previously owned by a community or the County but now defined as part of the band's Native lands.
A lease relationship exists between the Saugeen First Nation and those who had built seasonal homes on most of the land in the lakeside area between urban Southampton and Sauble Beach.
The Saugeen First Nation also owns and controls a large area of the beach (south portion) within the community of Sauble Beach, referred to as Sauble Park.
In addition to the Sauble Park, the Saugeen First Nation claims the rights to another stretch of the public beach in the urban area, approximately 2 km long, west of Lakeshore Boulevard extending to a point between 1st St. South and 6th St. North.
Bruce County had a population of 68,147 based on the 2016 Canada census, representing a 3.1% growth since the 2011 census, lower than the provincial average of 4.6%.
Specifically, as of 2016, the median age of Bruce County is 48.5 years, much older than the Ontario median of 41.3.
Bruce County has basically no visible minorities, representing only of the population compared to the provincial average of , but has a relatively high aboriginal population representing of the population, higher than the provincial average of .
Bruce County is also overwhelmingly English speaking, with of the population having English as their mother tongue, but also has a German speaking population consisting of .
It takes place from May 1 until October 31 each year and families, couples, and individuals of all ages can participate.
In 2015, the Adventure Passport program was presented with a Tourism Marketing Campaign Award at the Ontario Tourism Summit in Toronto.
Spruce the Bruce supports local community efforts to facilitate long-term downtown revitalization plans, bringing together stakeholders to build community capacity and assist with strategic policy and capital investment.
The program provides communities with the resources to develop strategies and implementation methods necessary to maintain and grow healthy commercial areas in association with the County and various partners.
Bruce County is home to a number of conservation areas with the jurisdiction of Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority and Grey Sauble Conservation Authority.
North Haven is home of the Quinnipiac University School of Health Sciences, the School of Nursing, School of Law, School of Education, and School of Medicine on Bassett Road.
The first meeting house, completed in 1722, stood on the Green, west of what is now known as the Old Center Cemetery.
In 1838, the New Haven and Hartford Railroad had laid its tracks along the level sand plains by the Quinnipiac River.
This population shift necessitated the building of a new police station, firehouse, library, and five schools in the 1950s and 1960s to accommodate the needs of the growing community.
In spite of its rapid growth throughout the past few decades, however, this New England town still retains its town meeting form of government.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 21.1 square miles (54.6 km²), of which 20.8 square miles (53.8 km²) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km²), or 1.52%, is water.
The center of town is an area stretching along U.S. Route 5, from approximately its interchange with I-91 in the north to Bailey Road in the south.
The racial makeup of the town was 92.98% White, 2.22% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 3.36% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races.
There were 8,597 households out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.2% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families.
Of all households 21.0% were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
In the town, the population was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older.
About 2.3% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.
There are more than 75 manufacturing and commercial firms in North Haven, 40 of which are assessed at over $1,000,000 .
In 2013, Sustainable Building Systems, an international construction and tech firm, will consolidate its headquarters in North Haven, creating over 400 jobs.
School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, the School of Health Sciences, the School of Nursing, the School of Law, and the School of Education.
To do that, they use the preen oil secreted by the uropygial gland, the dust of down feathers, or other means such as dust-bathing or anting.
During oil spills, animal conservationists that rescue penguins sometimes dress them in knitted sweaters to stop them from preening and thereby ingesting the mineral oil, which is poisonous.
Many social animals adapt preening and grooming behaviors for other social purposes such as bonding and the strengthening of social structures.
Grooming plays a particularly important role in forming social bonds in many primate species, such as chacma baboons and wedge-capped capuchins.
In humankind, mutual grooming relates closely to social grooming, which is defined as the process by which human beings fulfill one of their basic instincts, such as socializing, cooperating and learning from each other.
In research conducted by Holly Nelson (from the University of New Hampshire) and Glenn Geher (State University of New York at Paltz), individuals who chose their romantic partner reported more mutual grooming than others who focused in other types of relationships.
They claim that even though humans do not groom each other with the same fervor that other species do, they are groomers par excellence.
In the same investigation, researchers found that individuals with more promiscuous attitudes and those who scored high on the anxiety sub-scale on an adult attachment style measure tend to groom their partners more frequently.
These findings were also consistent with some of the functions of grooming: potential parental indicator, developing trust and courtship or flirtation.
A recent empirical study by Seinenu Thein-Lemelson (University of California, Berkeley) utilized an ethological approach to examine cross-cultural differences in human grooming as it pertains to caregiving behaviors.
This cross-cultural comparison of urban families in Burma and the United States indicates that there are significant cross-cultural differences in rates of caregiver-to-child grooming.
Additionally, children in the United States have short instances of concentrated grooming predominantly during daily activities that are structured explicitly around hygiene goals (bath time), in contrast to the Burmese child, whose grooming is distributed more evenly within and across daily activities.
Manual timers are typically set by turning a dial to the time interval desired; turning the dial stores energy in a mainspring to run the mechanism.
They function similarly to a mechanical alarm clock; the energy in the mainspring causes a balance wheel to rotate back and forth.
Each swing of the wheel releases the gear train to move forward by a small fixed amount, causing the dial to move steadily backward until it reaches zero when a lever arm strikes a bell.
The simplest and oldest type of mechanical timer is the hourglass, in which a fixed amount of sand drains through a narrow opening from one chamber to another to measure a time interval.
Short-period bimetallic electromechanical timers use a thermal mechanism, with a metal finger made of strips of two metals with different rates of thermal expansion sandwiched together; steel and bronze are common.
An electric current flowing through this finger causes heating of the metals, one side expands less than the other, and an electrical contact on the end of the finger moves away from or towards an electrical switch contact.
This type of timer often has a friction clutch between the gear train and the cam, so that the cam can be turned to reset the time.
Electromechanical timers survive in these applications because mechanical switch contacts may still be less expensive than the semiconductor devices needed to control powerful lights, motors and heaters.
Electromechanical timers reached a high state of development in the 1950s and 1960s because of their extensive use in aerospace and weapons systems.
Integrated circuits have made digital logic so inexpensive that an electronic timer is now less expensive than many mechanical and electromechanical timers.
Individual timers are implemented as a simple single-chip computer system, similar to a watch and usually using the same, mass-produced, technology.
Nowadays when people are using more and more mobile phones, there are also timer apps that mimic the old mechanical timer, but which have also highly sophisticated functions.
These apps are also easier to use daily, because they are available at once, without any need to purchase or carry the separate devices, as today timer is just a software application on a phone or tablet.
These timer apps can be used for tracking working or training time, motivating children to do tasks, replacing an hour glass in board games, or for the traditional purpose for tracking time when cooking and baking.
Some timer applications can help children to understand the concept of time, help them to finish tasks in time, and help them to get motivated.
These applications are especially used with children with special needs like ADHD, Down syndrome, etc., but everybody else can also benefit from them.
These are typically digital counters that either increment or decrement at a fixed frequency, which is often configurable, and which interrupt the processor when reaching zero.
An alternative design uses a counter with a sufficiently large word size that it will not reach its overflow limit before the end of life of the system.
More-sophisticated timers may have comparison logic to compare the timer value against a specific value, set by software, that triggers some action when the timer value matches the preset value.
This might be used, for example, to measure events or generate pulse width modulated wave forms to control the speed of motors (using a class D digital electronic amplifier).
One specialist use of hardware timers in computer systems is as watchdog timers, that are designed to perform a hardware reset of the system if the software fails.
Its founding sponsors include the CNA Foundation, the National Society of Professional Engineers, and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
The problems increase in difficulty between levels—perfect scores are relatively common at the school-level, while winners of the written round at the national-level do not often achieve a perfect score.
The exact number of qualifiers varies from region to region, depending on multiple factors including the number of competitors in the region.
At the National competition, all the competitors compete individually in the Sprint and Target Rounds, and the four individuals from each state compete in the Team Round to represent their state.
In the 2010–2011 program year, such schools were limited to individual participation with one exception: homeschool clubs that participated as a team in 2009–2010 were grandfathered into the 2010–2011 competition.
Starting with the 2011–2012 program year, the Board of Directors established new guidelines that again allowed home and virtual schools to participate both as individuals and as members of a team.
Questions in the Sprint Round are usually the easiest problems in the written individual contests because the Sprint Round is intended to test contestants' ability to solve problems within a tight time constraint.
The problems generally increase in difficulty so that nearly all students can solve the first few problems while few to none correctly answer the last few.
At some competitions, including Nationals, the winner of the Countdown Round is considered the overall champion or is used to determine qualification for later rounds.
However, at most Chapter and State competitions, the round doesn't have any effect on qualification for later rounds or final standings.
The National Countdown Round was shown on ESPN from 2003 to 2005, and now it is presented in a webcast every year.
The tenth and ninth-place finishers on the written portion played a match; the loser was ranked tenth while the winner played against the eighth-place competitor.
This continued until a challenger reached the first-place student; the loser of this final match ranked second while the winner was declared the champion.
This format is still used in many Chapter and State competitions, in part because Mathcounts requires that this structure be used if the Countdown Round will determine the final individual rankings.
In the first round, the top four scorers on the written portion received a bye into the second round leaving the fifth place to face off against the twelfth place, and the sixth place to face off against the eleventh place, etc.
This change was presumably made to ensure that the final round would be more exciting and more suspenseful, since now the champion must win at least three consecutive matches, while previously a student could potentially win the championship after defeating a single opponent.
At the national level and in some states, there is an additional round known as the Masters Round, open only to the top four contestants.
Participants are given thirty minutes to develop a fifteen-minute oral presentation based upon an advanced mathematical topic, not known to them before their preparation time begins.
While an award is given for the best presentation as determined by a panel of judges, the Masters Round does not affect participants' rankings.
In this round, which does not count for overall individual or team scores, each school sends one representative to a stage.
Scholarships are awarded to high-ranking students at the national competition, and many universities give scholarships to the top finishers at the state level.
Qualification for Mathcounts scholarships usually vary by state, but scholarships and prizes are often awarded to the top ten individuals and the top three state teams at the national level.
Each contestant's individual score is equal to his or her Sprint Round score (out of 30) plus twice his or her Target Round score (out of 8).
At the Chapter and State levels, ranking is determined by either raw individual score or by the results of the Countdown Round, depending on the state/chapter.
A team's score is equal the average of the sum of its members' individual scores plus twice the number of questions answered correctly on the team round.
With the individual scores of a maximum of 46 each and team-round scores a maximum of 20, a perfect team score is 66.
Mathcounts was started in 1983 by the National Society of Professional Engineers, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and CNA Foundation to increase middle school interest in mathematics.
The top team as well as the participants in the Countdown round often win a trip to the White House and meet the current President of the United States.
In 2006, a panel that consisted of over one hundred experts participated in a survey of psychological treatments; they considered rebirthing therapy to be discredited.
They are characterized by having no external ear openings, presumably to prevent sand from entering their bodies when they are digging.
Lesser earless lizards grow to approximately 2.0-2.5 inches (50–65 mm) snout-to-vent length (SVL), plus a tail 3-4 inches (75–100 mm) long.
They spend the vast majority of their time sunning on rocks, even in the heat of the day, until the surface temperature reaches approximately 104 °F (40 °C), when they will retreat to a rock crevice or burrow.
They are also found in Mexico, in the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Veracruz.
It ranges from the mountains of southern Oregon to Baja California with the greatest concentration in northern California and the Oregon-California border.
James Anthony Bailey (July 4, 1847 – April 11, 1906), born James Anthony McGinnis, was an American circus ringmaster and impresario.
He was working as a bellhop in Pontiac, Michigan, when he was discovered by circus advertising advance man Frederic Harrison Bailey (a nephew of circus pioneer Hachaliah Bailey) as a teenager.
Bailey later associated with James E. Cooper, and by the time he was 22, he was manager of the Cooper and Bailey circus.
Barnum, and together they established Barnum and Bailey's Circus (for which Bailey was instrumental in obtaining Jumbo the Elephant) in 1880, with their combined show opening the following spring in Madison Square Garden.
In mathematics, the determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix can always be written as the square of a polynomial in the matrix entries, a polynomial with integer coefficients that only depend on the size of the matrix.
The value of this polynomial, when applied to the coefficients of a skew-symmetric matrix, is called the Pfaffian of that matrix.
which was first proved by , a work based on earlier work on Pfaffian systems of ordinary differential equations by Jacobi.
A non-zero generalisation of the Pfaffian to odd dimensional matrices is given in the work of de Bruijn on multiple integrals involving determinants.
Since calculating the Logarithm of a matrix is a computationally demanding task, one can instead compute all eigenvalues of formula_52, take the log of all of these and sum them up.
It is thought that the mountain is a dormant vent to a still active volcano (designated Iō-tō, the name of the island as a whole).
One eruption lasted for sixty-five minutes, and created a crater with a diameter of 35 meters and a depth of fifteen meters on the runway near the former World War II airfield.
The Japanese Meteorological Agency reported that on May 2, 2012, a small eruption caused water discoloration to the northeast, and confirmed the appearance of a new fumarole.
For the United States, Iwo Jima was an important strategic point between the United States and mainland Japan, a status that resulted in severe fighting that took the lives of nearly 7,000 Americans and 20,000 Japanese.
Joseph Antonio Charles Lamer, (July 8, 1933 – November 24, 2007) was a Canadian lawyer, jurist and the 16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.
Lamer practised in partnership at the firm of Cutler, Lamer, Bellemare and Associates and was a full professor in the Faculty of Law, Université de Montréal, where he was also a lecturer in criminology.
On December 19, 1969, at the age of 36, he was appointed to the Quebec Superior Court and to the Queen's Bench (Crown Side) of the province of Quebec.
In 1978, he was elevated to the Quebec Court of Appeal and was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada in 1980.
Justice Bertha Wilson became the first woman appointed to the Ontario Court of Appeal in 1976 and to the Supreme Court of Canada in 1982.
Justice Lamer refused to rise from his chair along with the rest of his colleagues when Justice Wilson entered the conference room for her first judicial conference.
Lamer finally agreed to resign following a second meeting with Justices Major, Peter Cory and Charles Gonthier in the spring of 1999.
He announced in an August 1999 talk to the Canadian Bar Association, that he would be resigning from the Supreme Court in January 2000.
After he retired, Lamer joined a large law firm, Stikeman Elliott, in a senior advisory role and was appointed Associate Professor of Law at the Université de Montréal in 2000.
In a CBC interview, Lamer described how the Supreme Court of Canada was transformed following the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms under then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau which expanded the role of the judiciary.
In March 2003, the government of Newfoundland and Labrador asked Lamer to head a high-profile inquiry into several wrongful convictions in Newfoundland specifically to oversee an inquiry into how the criminal justice system dealt with three discredited murder convictions.
Lamer was tasked to conduct an investigation into the death of Catherine Carroll and the circumstances surrounding the resulting criminal proceedings against Gregory Parsons, and an investigation into the death of Brenda Young and the circumstances surrounding the resulting criminal proceedings against Randy Druken.
Lamer was also asked to inquire as to why Ronald Dalton's appeal of his murder conviction took eight years before it was brought on for a hearing in the Court of Appeal.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Lamer served in the Royal Canadian Artillery from 1950 to 1954 and in the Canadian Intelligence Corps from 1954 to 1960.
In 1956, he graduated in law from the Université de Montréal and was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1957.
During his tenure he was well known among the bench to be a frequent consumer of alcohol, especially wine, and have various drug prescriptions to deal with his declining health.
Various commentators and even other judges have vocally critiqued these habits of his as reason for him to resign from the court.
He received honorary degrees from the Université de Moncton, University of Ottawa, Université de Montréal, University of Toronto, University of New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, University of British Columbia, and Saint Paul University.
Thus, the college covers areas not only inside of Genesee County but also in Orleans County, Livingston County and Wyoming County.
In January 1972, Genesee Community College relocated to its current permanent address on One College Road in the town of Batavia.
In 1991, GCC would see expansion with the addition of the Stuart Steiner Theatre, which houses a theater and stage, as well as expanded classrooms for the various arts programs.
In 2000, the Conable Technology Building was added to the main campus facilities, a two-story annex that is the center for most of GCC's technological programs and apparatus.
In January 2006, GCC expanded again, adding the Wolcott J. Humphrey III Student Union, a central location for student affairs and organizations.
In February 2009, the plans for another campus center in Lima was announced, which will replace the Lakeville satellite campus and in June 2009, construction of the campus was completed.
The campus features two modern computer labs and a state-of-the-art science lab, five to seven classrooms, a lobby and reception area, as well as faculty, staff, advisor, and administrative offices.
As of fall 2008, Genesee Community College's enrollment consisted of 3,124 full-time students and 3,548 part-time students, with 108 international students from more than 19 countries.
Genesee Community College currently has 14 intercollegiate men's and women's' teams in basketball, baseball, lacrosse, soccer, softball, golf, swimming, cheerleading, and volleyball.
While the Steiner Gallery does not house a permanent collection, it typically features three professional exhibitions and two student-work exhibitions each academic year.
The gallery was financed with funding from the State University of New York Construction Fund, and gifts from the Genesee Community College Foundation and Genesee Community College Association.
This was the impetus for what in time evolved into the Bailey component of what became the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.
In 1837, Bailey sold the hotel and moved to Northern Virginia, bought the land surrounding the intersection of Leesburg Pike and Columbia Pike in Fairfax County, Virginia near Falls Church, Virginia, and gave Bailey's Crossroads his name.
In 1888, Barnum lent his name to a partnership with James Anthony Bailey, who had adopted the surname of Frederick Bailey, a nephew of Hachaliah's, to form the Barnum and Bailey Circus.
He became one of the directors of the Croton Turnpike Company, this eventually turned into a toll road through the middle of Somers where it became a major a major route.
More ways Hachaliah made a profit was by becoming a part-owner of a sloop which was used to transport farm animals.
Old Bet was the second elephant ever to be brought to the United States where Hachaliah brought the elephant to Hudson Valley in 1805 and then New York City in 1806.
Old Bet was originally supposed to be used as a draft animal, however, It didn't take long for Hachaliah to realize the rising interest that American's had on exotic animals.
Hachaliah then used this intrigue and began traveling at night so no one could get a glimpse of the animal and he would charge 25 cents per person to see Old Bet.
After Hachaliah's neighbors saw the booming success the exotic creature brought to Hachaliah, most of his neighbors started buying and showcasing exotic animals.
By 1808 Hachaliah took on two partners Benjamin Lent and Andrew Brunn each paying $1200 dor one/third of the interest on Old Bet.
Hachaliah also owned two more elephants after Old Bet was shot on tour by a local farmer who was angry with the amount of money and attention that was being spent on an elephant.
The port is a 50-mile-long complex of diversified public and private facilities located a few hours' sailing time from the Gulf of Mexico.
Located in the fourth-largest city in the United States, it is the busiest port in the U.S. in terms of foreign tonnage, second-busiest in the U.S. in terms of overall tonnage, and sixteenth-busiest in the world.
Though originally the port's terminals were primarily within the Houston city limits, the port has expanded to such a degree that today it has facilities in multiple communities in the surrounding area.
The Port of Houston is a cooperative entity consisting of both the port authority, which operates the major terminals along the Houston Ship Channel, and more than 150 private companies situated along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay.
Many petroleum corporations have built refineries along the channel where they are partially protected from the threat of major storms in the Gulf of Mexico.
The original Port of Houston was located at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou in downtown Houston by the .
Shipping points grew at multiple locations on Buffalo Bayou including the port of Harrisburg (now part of Houston) and the docks on the Allen Ranch.
By the end of the 19th century Buffalo Bayou had become a major shipping channel with traffic beginning to rival Galveston.
The citizens of Harris County approved creation of the modern port in 1909, believing that an inland port would better serve the region after the destructive Galveston Hurricane of 1900.
President Woodrow Wilson officially opened the port to traffic as the World Port of Houston and Buffalo Bayou on November 10, 1914.
In the 1930s the Port became the focus of labor conflict, with sometimes intense battles between strikers and authorities, during the 1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike and the 1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike among other incidents.
In 1911, there was a campaign persuading voters to approve a $1.25 million bond to raise money for dredging the waterway.
The campaign was successful and voters approved the bond issuance and creation of the Harris County Houston Ship Channel Navigation District that is called Port of Houston Authority (POHA) today.
Early supporters would prove to be correct; the port has grown to be one of the world's largest, overtaking the nearby Port of Galveston in significance.
The Port has two separate terminals dedicated to the handling of cargo containers: Barbours Cut (at Morgan's Point), and Bayport (in Pasadena, opened in October 2006).
Since the Houston Ship Channel is closed to recreational traffic, this is the only means by which the general public can view port operations, and thus the tours are highly popular.
The Port is operated by the Port of Houston Authority, an independent political subdivision of the State of Texas governed by a seven-member commission.
The City of Houston and the Harris County Commissioners Court each appoint two commissioners; these two governmental entities also jointly appoint the chairman of the Port Commission.
The Turning Basin Terminal is a multipurpose complex with open wharves and 37 docks that are used for direct discharge and loading of breakbulk, containerized, project or heavy-lift cargoes.
The goal of the renovation is to accommodate the increase in the transportation of steel, which increased more than 3.1 million tons in the first nine months of 2011, up from 1.9 million tons over the same period in the previous year.
For example, customs duties on imported goods entering the FTZ can be delayed until the cargo is removed from the zone.
Despite being one of the youngest major ports in the world (the port reached its 100th birthday in 2014) it has already racked up an impressive list of firsts.
The college's first home as the former Nabisco factory at 430 Buffalo Avenue (later as Days Inn Riverview at the Falls and Fallside Hotel and Conference Center).
The college has had a rich history in athletics in the past and has been known for their acceleration in wrestling and baseball.
At first they were known as The Niagara Frontiersmen and then the Trailblazers in 1984 and became the Thunderwolves in 2010.
Powerball is an American lottery game offered by 44 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Powerball's minimum advertised jackpot is $40 million (annuity); Powerball's annuity is paid in 30 graduated installments or winners may choose a lump sum payment instead.
One lump sum payment will be less than the total of the 30 annual payments because of the time value of money and also because one check for a much larger sum will be taxed at a greater rate than 30 checks each at a much lower sum will be taxed.
Since October 7, 2015, the game has used a 5/69 (white balls) + 1/26 (Powerballs) matrix from which winning numbers are chosen, resulting in odds of 1 in 292,201,338 of winning a jackpot per play.
On January 13, 2016, Powerball produced the largest lottery jackpot in history; the $1.586 billion jackpot was split by three tickets sold in Chino Hills, California, in Munford, Tennessee, and in Melbourne Beach, Florida.
In 2013, Wyoming became the 44th state to establish a lottery; the next year, it began, initially offering both Mega Millions and Powerball.
Using two drums to draw numbers from offers more manipulation by simultaneously allowing high jackpot odds, numerous prize levels and low overall odds of winning (as explained later, a ticket can win by matching only one number).
The drawings' host was longtime Iowa radio personality Mike Pace, who had hosted MUSL drawings since Lotto America began in 1988.
A few weeks later, Georgia became the only jurisdiction to leave Powerball (Maine, which joined MUSL in 1990, left when Powerball began).
It was set to offer Powerball; but in early 1999, new governor Jeb Bush prevented Florida from joining since he believed Powerball would hurt the existing Florida Lottery games.
With the start of Powerball sales in Florida on January 4, 2009 (with its first drawing on January 7), the matrices changed to 5/59 + 1/39 (adding four white ball numbers and dropping three red balls).
The Power Play option was modified; second prize, usually $200,000, was given an automatic 5x multiplier, making the 5+0 prize $1 million cash.
The bonus second prize if the jackpot exceeded its previous record by $25 million, triggered only twice, was eliminated with the 2012 format change.
The three hosts rotating announcing duties from Universal Studios were Tracy Wiu, Elizabeth Hart and Scott Adams (MUSL headquarters remained in Iowa, where its other draws are held).
The wheel that was used to determine the Power Play multiplier was retired when the drawings moved to Florida; a random number generator (RNG) was used until the 2012 format change.
On January 31, 2010, the date of the cross-sell expansion, Mega Millions and MUSL each added lotteries; eight Powerball members added Mega Millions by May.
Nebraska added Mega Millions on March 20, 2010, Oregon followed on March 28, 2010, Arizona joined Mega Millions on April 18, 2010, Maine added Mega Millions on May 9, 2010, Colorado and South Dakota joined Mega Millions on May 16, 2010.
Before the agreement, the only places that sold both Mega Millions and Powerball tickets were retailers straddling a border; one retailer on the Sharon, Pennsylvania/Masury, Ohio border sold both Mega Millions (via the Ohio Lottery) and Powerball (Pennsylvania) before the agreement and continued to be the only retailer to sell tickets for both lotteries.
Illinois joining Powerball on the expansion date, it became the second multi-jurisdictional lottery game (after Mega Millions, which Illinois already participated in) whose drawings were carried nationally.
WGN-TV aired Illinois Lottery drawings nationally from 1992 to 2015 after acquiring broadcast rights from Chicago's Fox owned-and-operated station WFLD in 1988, which took the rights from WGN-TV in 1987.
Powerball drawings were aired on WGN-TV and WGN America on Wednesday and Saturday immediately following the station's 9:00 p.m. (Central Time) newscast with the Mega Millions drawings being aired Tue and Fri evenings after the newscast.
WGN served as a default carrier of Mega Millions or Powerball where no local television station carries either multi-jurisdictional lottery's drawings.
On March 13, 2010, New Jersey became the first previous Mega Millions-only member (just before the cross-selling expansion) to produce a jackpot-winning Powerball ticket.
On May 28, 2010, North Carolina became the first previous MUSL member (just before the cross-selling expansion) to produce a jackpot-winning Mega Millions ticket; that jackpot was $12 million (annuity).
Ohio's second Powerball jackpot-winning ticket, sold for the June 23, 2010 drawing, was part of another first; since Montana also provided a jackpot winner for that drawing, it was the first time a jackpot was shared through lotteries which sold competing games before the cross-selling expansion, as Montana sold only Powerball before the expansion date.
On January 15, 2012, the price of each basic Powerball play doubled to $2, while PowerPlay games became $3; the minimum jackpot doubled to $40 million.
Sam Arlen began his tenure as host in 2012, with substitutes including Alexa Klein (nee Fuentes), Randy Traynor, and Laura W. Johnson.
These changes were made to increase the frequency of nine-figure jackpots; a Powerball spokesperson believed a $500 million jackpot was feasible (it became a reality within the year,) and that the first $1 billion jackpot in US history would occur by 2012 Less than three months after the Powerball changes, Mega Millions' jackpot reached $656,000,000 despite remaining a $1-per-play game.
In October 2014, Puerto Rico joined Powerball; the first mainly Spanish-speaking jurisdiction offering the game; as of 2016 it had not joined Mega Millions.
On October 4, 2015, the Powerball format changed again; the white-ball pool increased from 59 to 69 while the Powerball pool decreased from 35 to 26.
While this improved the chance of winning any prize to 1 in 24, it also lengthened the jackpot odds to 1 in 292,201,338.
In each game, players select five numbers from a set of 69 white balls and one number from 26 red Powerballs; the red ball number can be the same as one of the white balls.
In each drawing, winning numbers are selected using two ball machines: one containing the white balls and the other containing the red Powerballs.
When the machine selects a ball, the turntable slows to catch it, sends it up the shaft, and then down the rail to the display.
If the onsite location is unavailable, as was the case during Hurricane Michael, a backup machine is located at MUSL headquarters in Iowa.
While Mega Millions and Powerball each have similar jackpot odds despite having a different double matrix (Mega Millions is 5/75 + 1/15), since Powerball is $2 per play, it now takes $584,402,676 (not counting Power Play side bets) on average to produce a jackpot-winning ticket.
Activating it multiplies lower-tier winnings (base prize $50,000 or less) by up to 5, or 10 when the jackpot is under $150 million.
If a player selects a fixed amount of money to spend on tickets at a certain time, the player will give up one guess of the winning set of numbers every two times this player activates Power Play in respect of one of the purchased tickets.
§ Odds of winning 0+1 prize are 1:38.32 instead of 1:26 as there is the possibility of also matching at least one white ball.
All non-jackpot prizes are fixed amounts (except in California); they may be reduced and paid on a parimutuel basis, with each member paying differing amounts for the same prize tier, if the liability exceeds the funds in the prize pool for any game member.
Jackpot winners have the option of receiving their prize in cash (in two installments; one from the winning jurisdiction, then the combined funds from the other members) or as a graduated annuity paid in 30 yearly installments.
The advertised estimated jackpot represents the total payments that would be paid to jackpot winner(s) should they accept the annuity option.
This estimate is based on the funds accumulated in the jackpot pool rolled over from prior drawings, expected sales for the next drawing, and market interest rates for the securities that would be used to fund the annuity.
If the jackpot is not won in a particular drawing, the prize pool carries over to the next drawing, accumulating until there is a jackpot winner.
If the winner chooses the annuity, current market rates are used to calculate the graduated payment schedule and the initial installment is paid.
MUSL and its members accept all investment risk and are contractually obligated and liable to the winner to make all scheduled payments to annuity winners.
If a jackpot ticket is not claimed, the funds in the prize pool are returned to members in proportion to the amount they contributed to the prize pool.
If revenue from ticket sales falls below expectations, game members must contribute additional funds to the jackpot pool to cover the shortage; the most likely scenario where this can occur is if the jackpot is won in consecutive drawings.
Generally, Powerball players do not have to choose cash or annuity unless they win a jackpot (then they usually have 60 days to choose).
All Powerball prizes must be claimed within a period ranging from 90 days to a year, depending on where the ticket was bought.
There is no state income tax in Florida, South Dakota, Texas, Washington and Wyoming, and only on interest and dividends in Tennessee and New Hampshire.
All revenue for Powerball ticket sales not used for jackpots is retained by each member; none of this revenue is shared with other lotteries.
Since the secondary prizes are defined in fixed amounts (except in California), if the liability for a given prize level exceed the funds in the prize pool for that level the amount of the prize may be reduced and the prize pool be distributed on a parimutuel basis and result in a prize lower than the fixed amounts given in the prize tables.
Because the quoted jackpot amount is an annuity of 30 graduated annual payments, its cash value relative to the annuity fluctuates.
MUSL starts with the cash value, built from a percentage of sales, and then calculates the advertised jackpot amount from that value, based on the average costs of the three best securities bids.
On March 27, 2019, a single ticket purchased in Wisconsin was the only winner of a $768.4 million ($477 million cash) Powerball jackpot, the third largest in U.S. lottery history.
On August 23, 2017, the owner of a Powerball ticket sold in Chicopee, Massachusetts won more than $750 million, one of the largest prizes in the lottery's history.
On January 13, 2016, the world's largest lottery jackpot, an annuity of approximately $1.586 billion, was split among three Powerball tickets in Chino Hills, California, Melbourne Beach, Florida and Munford, Tennessee, each worth $528.8 million.
Since there is no income tax in Florida or Tennessee (and California does not tax lottery winnings), the cash option after Federal withholdings is $187.2 million each.
On May 18, 2013, the world's largest one-ticket jackpot, an annuity of approximately $590.5 million ($ million today), was won by a Powerball ticket sold in Zephyrhills, Florida.
Other winners in excess of $250 million: On December 25, 2002, Jack Whittaker, president of a construction firm in Putnam County, West Virginia, won $314.9 million ($ million today), then a new record for a single ticket in an American lottery.
The Wests chose the cash payout of $164.4 million (before withholdings), smaller than Whittaker's cash payout in 2002 due to a then-recent change in the annuity structure.
On August 25, 2007, a jackpot worth $314 million ($ million today) was won by a retired auto worker from Ohio; that ticket was bought in Richmond, Indiana, a community that had previously sold a jackpot-winning ticket of over $200 million.
In November 2011, three Greenwich, Connecticut, financial executives shared a jackpot of $254.2 million ($ million today), the largest prize on a Connecticut-bought ticket.
The total payout to these winners was $19.4 million, with 89 winners receiving $100,000 each, while the other 21 winners received $500,000 each as they were Power Play selections.
However, all 110 winners had played numbers from fortune cookies made by Wonton Food Inc. of Long Island City, New York.
Had the fortune cookie given 42 as the Powerball number, these winners would have shared the $25 million jackpot: each $227,272 annuity or $122,727 cash (before withholdings).
Because of his employment as a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, O'Hara became prominent in New York City's art world.
O'Hara is regarded as a leading figure in the New York School—an informal group of artists, writers, and musicians who drew inspiration from jazz, surrealism, abstract expressionism, action painting, and contemporary avant-garde art movements.
Frank O'Hara, the son of Russell Joseph O'Hara and Katherine (née Broderick), was born on March 27, 1926, at Maryland General Hospital, Baltimore and grew up in Grafton, Massachusetts.
He grew up believing he had been born in June, but in fact had been born in March, his parents disguised his true date of birth because he was conceived out of wedlock.
O'Hara was heavily influenced by visual art and by contemporary music, which was his first love (he remained a fine piano player all his life and would often shock new partners by suddenly playing swathes of Rachmaninoff when visiting them).
That autumn O'Hara moved into an apartment in New York City with Joe LeSueur, who was his roommate and sometime lover for the next 11 years.
Known throughout his life for his extreme sociability, passion, and warmth, O'Hara had hundreds of friends and lovers throughout his life, many from the New York art and poetry worlds.
Soon after arriving in New York, he was employed at the Museum of Modern Art, selling postcards at the admissions desk, and began to write seriously.
He was also a friend of the artists Norman Bluhm, Mike Goldberg, Grace Hartigan, Willem de Kooning, Joan Mitchell, and Larry Rivers.
In the early morning hours of July 24, 1966, O'Hara was struck by a jeep on the Fire Island beach, after the beach taxi in which he had been riding with a group of friends broke down in the dark.
Attempts to bring negligent homicide charges against 23-year-old driver Kenneth L. Ruzicka were unsuccessful; many of O'Hara's friends felt the local police had conducted a lax investigation to protect one of their own locals.
The painter Larry Rivers, a longtime friend and lover, delivered one of the eulogies, along with Bill Berkson, Edwin Denby, and René d'Harnoncourt.
While O'Hara's poetry is generally autobiographical, it tends to be based on his observations of New York life rather than exploring his past.
I don't think my experiences are clarified or made beautiful for myself or anyone else, they are just there in whatever form I can find them.
.It may be that poetry makes life's nebulous events tangible to me and restores their detail; or conversely that poetry brings forth the intangible quality of incidents which are all too concrete and circumstantial.
His initial time in the Navy, during his basic training at Sampson Naval Training Center in upstate New York, along with earlier years spent at St. John's High School began to shape a distinguished style of solitary observation that would later inform his poems.
Immersed in regimented daily routine, first Catholic school then the Navy, he was able to separate himself from the situation and make witty and often singular studies.
This skill of scrutinizing and recording during the bustle and churn of daily life would, later, be one of the important aspects that shaped O'Hara as an urban poet writing off the cuff.
The essay encouraged O'Hara to write poetry that was embarrassing in its directness, and even seen as hostile to literary standards then in place.
But to give you a vague idea, one of its minimal aspects is to address itself to one person (other than the poet himself), thus evoking overtones of love without destroying love's life-giving vulgarity, and sustaining the poet's feelings toward the poem while preventing love from distracting him into feeling about the person.
As part of the New York School of poetry, O'Hara to some degree encapsulated the compositional philosophy of New York School painters.
On June 10, 2014, a plaque was unveiled outside one of O'Hara's New York City residences, at 441 East Ninth Street.
A pillow fight is a common game mostly played by young children (but also by teens and adults) in which they engage in mock physical conflict, using pillows as weapons.
The heft of a pillow can still knock a young person off balance, especially on a soft surface such as a bed, which is a common venue.
Modern pillows tend to be stronger and are often filled with a solid block of artificial filling, so breakage occurs far less frequently.
The Guinness World Record for the largest pillow fight was set in July 2015 at a St. Paul Saints baseball game, where 6,261 participated in the event that was sponsored by the local manufacturer My Pillow.
Robert George Brian Dickson, (May 25, 1916 – October 17, 1998), commonly known as Brian Dickson, was a Canadian lawyer, military officer and judge.
He was appointed a puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada on March 26, 1973, and subsequently appointed the 15th Chief Justice of Canada on April 18, 1984.
Dickson was born to Thomas Dickson and Sarah Elizabeth Gibson, in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, in 1916, although the family lived at that time in Wynyard.
His adolescence and young adulthood occurred during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl years, which hit the Canadian prairies particularly hard.
All three would go into law, with Lederman becoming one of Canada's leading constitutional scholars and MacPherson becoming a justice of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench.
When the Legislature was sitting in the evenings, Dickson and Sandy MacPherson would come in the evenings to the Attorney General's office to do their homework, and then sit in the galleries of the Assembly and listen to the debates.
The Dickson family later moved to Winnipeg, where Dickson attended the University of Manitoba after graduating from Ridley College in 1934.
His first permanent job was with the Great-West Life Assurance Company, where he worked in the investment section for two years.
Dickson was called to the bar in 1940, but before practising law, he enlisted in the Canadian armed forces for active service.
In June 1940, he and his friend from law school, Clarence Shepard, signed up for active duty as second lieutenants with the Royal Canadian Artillery, joining the 38th Field Battery in Winnipeg.
His abilities attracted notice and he was chosen for staff training, returning to Canada for a course in 1943, followed with a tour of duty in British Columbia as brigade major with the Royal Canadian Artillery.
He was posted to the 2nd Canadian Army Group, Royal Canadian Artillery, and distinguished himself in Normandy, being mentioned in dispatches.
In August 1944, during the battle of Falaise Gap, Dickson was hit by friendly fire and severely wounded, leading to the amputation of his right leg.
By coincidence, two of his friends, Bill Ledermen and Clarence Shepard, were both serving in the area and witnessed the attack.
They later remembered the frantic attempts to have the attack called off, not knowing at the time Dickson was in the target area.
In 1983, he accepted the honorary lieutenant-colonelship of the 30th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery, and was its honorary colonel from 1988 to 1992.
Dickson returned to Winnipeg in 1945 at the end of the war, joining the law firm of Aikins, Loftus, MacAulay, Turner, Thompson & Tritschler.
He became a successful corporate lawyer, and also lectured at the Faculty of Law of the University of Manitoba for six years, until 1954.
Two other volunteers on the committee were Lorne Campbell and Irwin Dorfman, both of whom would later serve as national president of the CBA.
In 1950, Dickson volunteered to be head of the Manitoba Red Cross, on the suggestion of a partner who told him it would only involve a few meetings per year.
Instead, Dickson took the position just in time for the 1950 Red River flood, with the Red reaching the highest level since 1861.
Under his direction, the Red Cross mobilised 4,000 volunteers, evacuated thousands and provided support to the people working on the dykes.
In 1963, Dickson was appointed to the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba and in 1967 was elevated to the Manitoba Court of Appeal.
On April 18, 1984, he was elevated to chief justice of Canada over the more senior Roland Ritchie, who was one year away from mandatory retirement at age 75 and was in ill health.
During his early years on the Supreme Court, Dickson frequently joined with Justice Laskin and Justice Spence on cases involving civil liberties, often in dissent from the more conservative majority on the Court.
However, by a division of 6–3, the Court also held that unilateral federal action would violate a constitutional convention that had emerged since Confederation, requiring substantial provincial agreement on constitutional amendments.
Dickson, along with the three judges from Quebec, was in the majority on both issues: he agreed that Parliament had the legal authority to act unilaterally, but also agreed that a constitutional convention required a substantive degree of provincial agreement for major constitutional amendments.
The is a two-seat carrier-based dive bomber developed by the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal and operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1942 to 1945 during World War II.
While the aircraft was originally conceived as a dive bomber, the D4Y was used in other roles including reconnaissance, night fighter and special attack (kamikaze).
It made its combat debut as a reconnaissance aircraft when two pre-production D4Y1-Cs embarked aboard the Sōryū to take part in the Battle of Midway in 1942.
The early D4Y1 and D4Y2 featured the liquid-cooled Aichi Atsuta engine, a licensed version of the German Daimler-Benz DB 601, while the later D4Y3 and D4Y4 featured the Mitsubishi MK8P Kinsei radial engine.
Like many other Japanese aircraft of the time, the D4Y lacked armor and self-sealing fuel tanks and it was not until the final variant, the D4Y4, that the aircraft was given bulletproof glass and armor protection for the crew and fuel tanks.
Only the delays in its development hindered its service while its predecessor, the slower fixed-gear Aichi D3A, remained in service much longer than intended.
Famously, a D4Y was used in one of the final kamikaze attacks in 1945, hours after the surrender of Japan, with Vice Admiral Matome Ugaki in the rear cockpit.
Development of the aircraft began in 1938 at the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal when the Kaigun Kōkū Hombu issued requirements of a Navy Experimental 13-Shi Carrier Borne specification for an carrier-based dive bomber to replace the Aichi D3A.
It had a crew of two: a pilot and a navigator/radio-operator/gunner, seated under a long, glazed canopy which provided good all-round visibility.
The aircraft was powered by an Aichi Atsuta liquid-cooled inverted V12 engine, a licensed copy of the German DB 601, rated at 895 kW (1,200 hp).
In order to conform with the Japanese Navy's requirement for long range, weight was minimized by not fitting the D4Y with self-sealing fuel tanks or armour.
It usually carried one 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb but there were reports that the D4Y sometimes carried two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs, for example during the attack on the light aircraft carrier ; only 30 kg (70 lb) bombs were carried externally.
The aircraft was armed with two 7.7 mm (.303 in) Type 97 aircraft machine guns in the nose and a 7.92 mm (.312 in) Type 1 machine gun selected for its high rate of fire, in the rear of the cockpit.
torpedo bombers) like the Nakajima B5N and B6N which were not given forward-firing armament until the late-war Aichi B7A, which was expected to serve as both a dive-bomber and torpedo-bomber, and was given a pair of 20mm Type 99-2 cannon.
After the prototype trials, problems with flutter were encountered, a fatal flaw for an airframe subject to the stresses of dive bombing.
Until this could be resolved, early production aircraft were used as reconnaissance aircraft, as the D4Y1-C, which took advantage of its high speed and long range, while not over-stressing the airframe.
Production of the D4Y1-C continued in small numbers until March 1943, when the increasing losses incurred by the D3A resulted in production switching to the D4Y1 dive-bomber, the aircraft's structural problems finally being solved.
From the beginning, some had argued that the D4Y should be powered by an air-cooled radial engine which Japanese engineers and maintenance crew had experience with, and trusted.
Although the new engine improved ceiling and rate of climb (over 10,000 m/32,800 ft, and climb to 3,000 m/9,800 ft in 4.5 minutes, instead of 9,400 m/30,800 ft and 5 minutes), the higher fuel consumption resulted in reduced range and cruising speed and the engine obstructed the forward and downward view of the pilot, hampering carrier operations.
They did, however, cause considerable damage to ships, including the carrier which was nearly sunk by an assumed single D4Y and the light carrier which was sunk by a single D4Y.
The D4Y was operated from the following Japanese aircraft carriers: , , , , , , , , , and .
It was faster than the Grumman F4F Wildcat, but not the new Grumman F6F Hellcat which entered combat in September 1943.
The D4Y was relegated to land operations where both the liquid-cooled engine D4Y2, and the radial engine D4Y3 fought against the U.S. fleet, scoring some successes.
The Japanese had begun installing rocket boosters on some Kamikazes, including the D4Y4 in order to increase speed near the target.
As the D4Y4 was virtually identical in the air to the D4Y3, it was difficult to determine the sorties of each type.
The D4Y was faster than the A6M Zero and some were employed as D4Y2-S night fighters against Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers late in the war.
Some examples also carried two or four 10 cm air-to-air rockets under the wings; lack of radar for night interceptions, inadequate climb rate and the B-29's high ceiling limited the D4Y2-S effectiveness as a night fighter.
Among the last of these were 11 aircraft led by Vice Admiral Matome Ugaki on a suicide mission on 15 August 1945, of which all but three were lost.
Members of the dominant species of the planet Krypton are indistinguishable from humans in terms of their appearance; their physiology and genetics; however, they are vastly different.
In some continuities Kryptonians are difficult to clone because their DNA is so complex that human science is not advanced enough to decipher it.
On the planet Krypton, whose parent star has often been depicted as an ancient red supergiant with a relatively low energy output, their natural abilities were the same as humans.
When exposed to a young yellow star like Earth's Sun, which is much smaller than their own sun and with a vastly higher energy output, their bodies are able to absorb and process so much energy that it eventually manifests as vast superhuman powers (such as superhuman strength, superhuman speed, invulnerability, flight, x-ray vision, heat vision and superhuman senses).
Also, in both Silver Age and Modern Age continuity, Kryptonians have more than one ethnic group, such as dark-skinned Kryptonians from Krypton's Vathlo Island that resemble Earth humans of Sub-Saharan African descent and a group from the continent of Twenx that resemble Earth Asian and Latino peoples.
In later depictions, their abilities are attributed to the differences between Earth's gravity and that of Krypton and the different radiation of the stars they orbit.
Kryptonians use solar energy from yellow, blue, orange or white stars on the cellular and molecular levels to gain superhuman abilities.
Some stories also show that Kryptonians have bioelectric fields that surround their bodies and protect them from harm and which are the means by which Kryptonians fly.
Mating between Kryptonians and other species is difficult because Kryptonian DNA is so complex as to be nearly incompatible with that of other species.
The only notable exception is represented by the original native Daxamite population (the race that bore that name before intermingling with the Kryptonian explorers, who later adapted the name for themselves).
Breeding between Kryptonian explorers and this race created a new Kryptonian hybrid race that could interbreed with a larger number of humanoid races—including Earth humans.
However, in some continuations humans are not only able to reproduce with Kryptonians, but are able to create fertile offspring with them.
Self-grown crystals, both natural and synthetic, which covered the vast majority of their planet's surface gave their homeworld a bluish hue when viewed from space and underlay Kryptonian technology.
The Fortress of Solitude is often portrayed as a recreation of Krypton's surface and a storehouse for all the knowledge that the Kryptonian race had obtained.
Non-superpowered Kryptonians are genetically dependent to their home planet; as such, Kal-El was sent to Earth as a newly conceived embryo within a birthing matrix in order to survive in Earth's atmosphere.
Instead, the worst criminals were sent to the Phantom Zone, despite a lack of understanding of the nature of the zone, its danger to the imprisoned and the presence of exits.
It was worshiped by the Kryptonians as a deity (albeit in a more scientific and rational way as the giver and sustainer of all life on the planet).
While many Kryptonians wear brightly colored clothes on a daily basis, formal occasions such as funerals and certain council meetings require everyone to wear white.
Arranged marriages between the members of nobility are common, sometimes as early as birth (as was revealed to be the case with Kal-El), and numerous concubines are allowed.
Settling of noble disputes by private duels is fully legal (although highly uncommon) and apparently gives advantages in terms of reputation.
Criminals are punished for capital crimes by having their bodies dispersed across the universe (the process is reversible, at least until a certain stage).
The style of these depictions has since evolved over the life of the series from decipherable transliterated writing to a more stylized (and indiscernible) form.
In the process, an increasing amount of logographic components have been added with symbols that have been explained to represent words, ideas, or names.
The mechanics of the writing system (an abugida), as well as the Kryptonian language that it depicts (which was not spoken in the film), were created by Dr. Christine Schreyer, a linguistic anthropologist and assistant professor of anthropology working at the University of British Columbia, Okanagan.
In season 3, episodes 2, 6, 7 and 13 featured a few short lines of Kryptonian dialogue using words from the language created by Darren Doyle, citing the first time a constructed Kryptonian language (as opposed to gibberish) has been spoken in any official media.
According to one story, in which the Phantom Zone prisoner Quex-Ul had served his full sentence, 18 Kryptonian sun-cycles (amzeto) is about 25 Earth years.
This was untrue – the scientist Jor-El managed to send his newborn son, Kal-El, off-planet to Earth right before Krypton's demise.
Superman's cousin Supergirl also survived Krypton's destruction, as did Kristin Wells, who had been on the run in space at the time of the planet's destruction.
Kryptonian survivors of alternate worlds, such as Power Girl (Kara Zor-L) and the canine Krypto the Superdog, also reside on Earth.
Kryptonians General Zod and Ursa had been imprisoned within the Phantom Zone prior to Krypton's destruction and even went on to have a child, who would later be adopted as Christopher Kent.
Also, the inhabitants of the planet Daxam are descendants of Kryptonians who long ago ventured into space and settled on another planet.
However, Zod and his lieutenants only survived because they were at that time incarcerated within the Phantom Zone and were not in fact on Krypton at the time of its destruction.
With this method, Kryptonians are designated pre-determined roles in society at their conception – for example, Jor-El is a Scientist, whereas General Zod is a Warrior.
In ancient times, they were a race in the midst of an era of expansion, travelling to other worlds via scout ships in order to colonize them.
Kal-El is the first (and technically, last) naturally-born Kryptonian in centuries, as Jor-El and Lara believed that Krypton had lost the freedom of choice and wanted their son to choose to become who he wanted to be.
As in the comics, Kal-El's powers are depicted as being superior to other Kryptonians, due to his spending a far greater period of time exposed to Earth's yellow sun and atmosphere, though some have an advantage over him in terms of combat experience (e.g.
While the other Kryptonians receive great strength and speed from Earth's sun, they require solar-suits to regulate the radiation and avoid being stricken by pain.
In addition, it is shown that without some form of training, Kryptonians are left vulnerable to their own abilities, as the case with Zod when Superman destroyed his solar-visor and caused him to develop a sensory overload.
However, his father Jor-El's memories remains sentient in the mysterious Kawatche Caves and Fortress of Solitude an disembodied AI, and the disembodied spirit of Zod is similarly sentient albeit trapped in the Phantom Zone.
In Season Five, Clark discovers that the Disciples of Zod: Nam-Ek & Aethyr and a Kryptonian artificial intelligence: Brain-Interactive-Construct aka Brainiac arrive on Earth, serving Zod's trapped spirit.
In Season Six, Clark discovers his father's assistant Raya was spared by being placed in the Phantom Zone, with her body intact.
Season Seven introduces Kara Zor-El, having been sent to Earth at the same time of Clark but trapped in suspended animation since then; later, through schemes put into practice before his death, Clark's uncle Zor-El and mother Lara are resurrected with powers intact for a time.
Later, it is revealed that another Kryptonian, the scientist Dax-Ur, has been living on Earth for over a hundred years, using blue kryptonite to render himself powerless, and has even fathered a son with his human wife.
In Season 8, it is revealed that Zod's wife Faora, also a disembodied wraith, was sent into the Phantom Zone with her husband, but not before they genetically engineered their son, fusing genetic material taken from the most violent Kryptonian life-forms with their own.
The child was attached to Clark's ship in the form of a cocoon; on Earth it assumed a human form and became known as Davis Bloome, but would periodically assume its true form: the monster Doomsday.
In the season finale, Zod makes his first full bodied appearance on the series, along with a large number of other Kryptonians who are later revealed to be clones created as part of an old experiment.
Initially powerless due to their cells having been treated with blue kryptonite radiation, these clones later gain powers when Clark is forced to provide Zod with a sample of his blood to heal him after he is shot, Zod using this blood to empower his followers.
The clones are relocated to a new world that they designate 'New Krypton' at the conclusion of Season Nine, with Clark Kent remaining on Earth and Zod being sent to the Phantom Zone to merge with his original self when the clones learn that Zod killed his lover Faora for objecting to his plans.
One of Astra's operatives, Vartox, was ordered to sabotage the Department of Extra-Normal Operations by causing a plane crash that was thwarted by Supergirl (when she realized her sister Alex Danvers, a DEO member, was on board), and to alert Astra that Kara survived the explosion and now has come into discovering her powers.
Her mother Alura rescues her from Brainiac's drones and reveals she and Jor-El have both been working to create two ships, one for Kara and the other for her baby cousin Kal-El.
Kara and Kal-El escape Krypton as it is destroyed by Brainiac, though Kara's ship is damaged by the explosion knocking it off course and putting Kara into hyper sleep.
Wonder Woman and Black Adam hide the tyrannical nature of the Regime from Supergirl and train her to use her powers in secret, though Brainiac attacks Earth after being alerted to Kal-El's survival due to his Regime's supporting the Sinestro Corps.
Supergirl and the Regime try to break Superman out of prison, but are stopped by Batman and his allies, though Batman decides to release Superman, calling a temporary truce between the Regime and the Insurgency to combat Brainiac.
During Brainiac's attack on Metropolis, Supergirl witnesses Wonder Woman's brutal attack on their ally Harley Quinn after Harley tried to stop Wonder Woman from killing the Cheetah, as it violated Batman's no-killing policy.
Supergirl is horrified to learn her cousin approves of Wonder Woman's actions, though he believes it would be best to deal with Harley after Brainiac is dealt with.
Supergirl compares his methods to General Zod's and briefly fights Superman and his allies, though Brainiac's attack forces them to focus on dealing with him first.
Brainiac destroys Metropolis reminding Superman of his past failure, causing him to attack the ship with all his might, only to be seemingly killed by Brainiac.
Believing Kara is the last surviving Kryptonian, Brainiac offers to spare Earth if they hand over Kara Zor-El as he wishes to study the effects of yellow sun radiation on Kryptonian cells, though Batman refuses.
Batman and Supergirl manage to infiltrate the ship, but Supergirl is captured, though Batman discovers that Superman is still alive and the two join forces to defeat Brainiac and free Supergirl.
Despite Brainiac being responsible for Krypton's destruction, Supergirl sides with Batman and choose to spare Brainiac so he can help them restore the worlds and cities he has collected.
Supergirl tries to reason with her cousin by telling him of how his father opposed General Zod, only for Superman to reveal he agrees with Zod's methods, believing that if Jor-El had been more like Zod, then he would have been able to save Krypton.
In Superman's story mode ending, Batman is defeated, though Superman spares him due to not wanting him to become a martyr.
Superman reveals there is still a place for her and that he is creating an army using beings freed from Brainiac's collection.
Supergirl refuses to join him, though Superman reveals he has used Brainiac's technology to turn Batman into a brainwashed slave and threatens to do the same to Kara if she continues to resist.
Supergirl notes that while she could not save her cousin, it will not stop her from trying to bring people hope.
In Sub-Zero's ending, Superman joins forces with Kryptonian criminals General Zod, Ursa and Non after escaping the Phantom Zone through a portal accidentally created by the Batman's Justice League while trying to create a portal to Earthrealm.
The System Management Bus (abbreviated to SMBus or SMB) is a single-ended simple two-wire bus for the purpose of lightweight communication.
It is derived from I²C for communication with low-bandwidth devices on a motherboard, especially power related chips such as a laptop's rechargeable battery subsystem (see Smart Battery System).
A device can provide manufacturer information, indicate its model/part number, save its state for a suspend event, report different types of errors, accept control parameters and return status.
Its voltage levels and timings are more strictly defined than those of I²C, but devices belonging to the two systems are often successfully mixed on the same bus.
While SMBus is derived from I²C, there are several major differences between the specifications of the two busses in the areas of electricals, timing, protocols and operating modes.
SMBus 2.0 defines a ‘High Power’ class that includes a 4 mA sink current that cannot be driven by I²C chips unless the pull-up resistor is sized to I²C-bus levels.
The SMBus clock is defined from 10–100 kHz while I²C can be 0–100 kHz, 0–400 kHz, 0–1 MHz and 0–3.4 MHz, depending on the mode.
This means that an I²C bus running at less than 10 kHz will not be SMBus compliant since the SMBus devices may time out.
In I²C, a slave receiver is allowed to not acknowledge the slave address, if for example it's unable to receive because it's performing some real time task.
I²C specifies that a slave device, although it may acknowledge its own address, may decide, some time later in the transfer, that it cannot receive any more data bytes.
Other than to indicate a slave's device-busy condition, SMBus also uses the NACK mechanism to indicate the reception of an invalid command or datum.
Since such a condition may occur on the last byte of the transfer, it is required that SMBus devices have the ability to generate the not acknowledge after the transfer of each byte and before the completion of the transaction.
This difference in the use of the NACK signaling has implications on the specific implementation of the SMBus port, especially in devices that handle critical system data such as the SMBus host and the SBS components.
I²C devices that do not adhere to these protocols cannot be accessed by standard methods as defined in the SMBus and Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) specifications.
In both those protocols there is a very useful distinction made between a System Host and all the other devices in the system that can have the names and functions of masters or slaves.
I²C can be a ‘DC’ bus, meaning that a slave device stretches the master clock when performing some routine while the master is accessing it.
There is no limit in the I²C-bus protocol as to how long this delay can be, whereas for an SMBus system, it would be limited to 35 ms.
The SMBus protocol just assumes that if something takes too long, then it means that there is a problem on the bus and that all devices must reset in order to clear this mode.
The SMBus has an extra optional shared interrupt signal called SMBALERT#, which can be used by slaves to tell the host to ask its slaves about events of interest.
Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.
However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.
An admixture graph of the Greenland dog indicates a best-fit of 3.5% shared material; however, an ancestry proportion ranging between 1.4% and 27.3% is consistent with the data and indicates admixture between the Taimyr wolf and the ancestors of these four high-latitude breeds.
This introgression could have provided early dogs living in high latitudes with phenotypic variation beneficial for adaption to a new and challenging environment, contributing significantly to the development of the husky.
Examples of these landraces in modern times have been selectively bred and registered with various kennel clubs as modern purebred breeds, including the Siberian Husky and the Labrador Husky.
The Mackenzie River husky is a subtype referring to different dog populations in the subarctic regions of the American state of Alaska and Canada.
Since many owners now have husky dogs as pets in settings that are not ideal for sledding, other activities have been found that are good for the dog and fun for the owner.
It was the tenth hurricane of the season, now referred to as The Texas-Louisiana Hurricane of 1886, that all but wiped out Sabine Pass and Johnson Bayou in Cameron Parish.
Hurricane Rita made landfall on September 24, 2005 and on September 12–13, 2008, Hurricane Ike struck Sabine Pass and Galveston, generating the highest surge of 22 feet (6.7 meters) which is, according to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), the highest ever recorded at Sabine Pass.
Sabine Pass is a site for an LNG receiving terminal because it is located along one of a few deepwater ports along the Gulf Coast suitable for importing LNG.
Savage is immortal, and he has plagued the earth with crime and violence since before the beginning of recorded human history.
An observer from the Bear Tribe would later approach that same meteorite and become Savage's eternal nemesis, the Immortal Man, possessing the power to resurrect as a new person every time he is killed.
Though the Calculator took this to be a joke, Luthor was apparently serious, and Savage has not shown much regard for human life.
Savage's first mark in the history came when he and a select group of people successfully undermined and destroyed the lost city of Atlantis.
He has also worked as close friends and advisers to the likes of Erik the Red, William the Conqueror (whom he advised to invade England under the name Sir Von Savage), Napoleon Bonaparte (whom he served as Marshal Savage), Otto von Bismarck (whom he helped to invade France as Baron Von Savage), and Adolf Hitler.
He also led the Spanish Armada in its attempted invasion of England (suggesting he may have been Alonso Pérez de Guzmán).
He attempted to capture the members of the Justice Society out of revenge and place them in suspended animation using technology developed by the Injustice Society of the World member Brainwave, but was thwarted by the Golden and Silver Age Flashes (Jay Garrick and Barry Allen), Barry travelling to Earth-2 after mysterious blackouts happened in cities where JSA members lived.
He used a weapon to make them fight each other, captured Jay after the younger Barry beat him, and tried to capture Barry, trying to use an illusion to trap Barry in a suspended animation container.
He was also one of the founding members of the Injustice Society, who were each assigned to capture or kill a JSA member and engineer five jailbreaks to each attack a location in an attempt to conquer the United States.
While leading an army of prison escapees from Gartmoor prison whom he had incited to riot by dropping leaflets about the ISW from a plane, he attacked an airport where Federal planes were about to land, and captured Hawkman, before Green Lantern impersonated the Thinker during the 'trial' of the JSA and freed the JSA, who jailed the villains.
Knowing his developed hatred for the Justice Society, the re-installation of a new team consisting superheroes within the modern time known as the Justice League, quickly gained Savage's attention to where he did not hesitate on forming a group of villains to make an attack on this new team so that they would not pose any threat towards Savage's future goals.
Yet, none would gain any more hatred from Savage than the supposed new Immortal Man, which was the mysterious Resurrection Man.
After his recent fallout with the Justice League, Vandal Savage decided to take care of each member individually, starting with the newest Flash (Wally West).
A private investigator by the name of Harold Halston from Thermopolis, Wyoming had been investigating one Varney Sack at the request of a local realtor.
Sack turned out to be Savage, and the immortal man killed Halston once he figured the private eye knew too much.
Savage surfaced again later, this time selling Velocity 9, a highly addictive super-speed drug of his own creation, which interfered with much of the existing drug trade in New York.
He put an ad in the paper that attracted successful yuppies, whom he used to do his bidding by giving them Velocity 9 so they could perform high speed crimes.
Savage wished to use the heroin distribution network of mob boss Nick Bassaglia to distribute Velocity 9 to lawyers and stockbrokers, hoping to gain financial control of New York.
Hoping that a second dose would make him another one of his junkies, Savage told Dr. Conrad Bortz to inject the Flash, who instead injected Savage, who ran away.
This money he attempted to acquire by kidnapping Rosie, the daughter of Wally's landlord, Mr. Gilchrist, with a ransom of five million dollars.
He set many traps for the Flash, who was looking for Rosie, that led him to Barry Allen's grave, where Rosie was being kept.
Having lived so long, Savage has butted heads with possibly every single hero featured in the DC Universe, most notably the Justice Society of America and the Justice League of America.
Original Green Lantern Alan Scott (in comics, his very first opponent) has been portrayed as one of Savage's main enemies, as well as the original Flash, Jay Garrick.
At this point, the time-traveling hero Chronos is heard in the background, gloating about having conned Savage in retaliation for a previous adventure when Savage had him stranded in time.
This time he had his eyes set on the Titans, a team he had nearly defeated before they ruined his plans for a nuclear assault.
To do this, Savage kidnapped the Titans member known as Omen and forced her to recruit the perfect team for him using her mental powers.
The Red Panzer died in the fight, but Savage and his remaining team managed to escape by shooting Cheshire and using her as a distraction, leaving her to be captured by the Titans.
After learning the location of Omen, the Titans found her and engaged in another fight with Tartarus that quickly ended after the Siren switched sides.
Originally, Savage was a member of Lex Luthor's Society, but he quit the Society and told Lex not to contact him for any reason after Luthor blew him off to welcome some less than competent new recruits.
It is also plausible that Vandal quit because his daughter Scandal Savage was working against the Society as part of the Secret Six.
When the Society lodged a final ambush against the Six, Savage threatened to kill Luthor if he did not call off the attack, saying that he could not allow anyone to harm his daughter.
He attempted to use a device to pull an asteroid into Earth, but was thrown into space with the asteroid itself when the Flash reversed the polarity of the device.
Eventually, the asteroid fell back on Earth with Savage, who found his power greatly diminished and having lived through what he called the worst year of his life.
His immortality completely drained, he is still able to survive otherwise fatal wounds, but a brain tumor and a strong decay of his biological function are leading him to a fast death, with an estimated life span of 11 days.
Savage tries to capture Alan Scott by baiting him with a grotesque (and disguised) Wesley Dodds clone, who, in fact, is his own clone.
Realizing that his clone could be considered his own offspring, and that the blood of his descendants has always renewed his strength, Savage cooks and eats his clone, renewing his energies at least for another year.
In issue #4, after a battle with Wildcat and his newly discovered son, who is revealed to have the ability to turn into a cat-like creature, at which Savage is surprised (which he claims to have not been in 116 years), Savage is defeated when hit by a fire truck.
He later reappears in Atlantis where he is revealed to have been behind the atrocities in Sub Diego and Black Manta's occupation of the city.
He has placated some of the more willful of the females (like Phobia and the Cheetah) by promising each of them that they will be his queen when he rules the planet.
Ultimately, Savage escapes back to Earth, along with the rest of the imprisoned villains, following an attack by Parademons sent by DeSaad (who used the planet as a training ground).
As he says to Lex Luthor, Vandal is willing to follow Libra in exchange for his heart's desire, an end to his boredom.
Thus Cain is reborn in him, and agrees to lead the Followers into punishing the Spectre for branding him because of his ancient crime.
The Spectre, forbidden by God to kill Cain, instead sentences him to walk the Earth, unable to disguise himself, being forever reviled and persecuted by the rest of the human race and denied rest until God says otherwise (the Mark of Cain).
The superhero team known as the Outsiders come into conflict with a mysterious group calling themselves the Insiders, who are tracking down the fragments of the meteorite that granted Savage his immortality.
It is ultimately revealed that the Insiders were members of Savage's tribe who were also exposed to the meteorite and gained immortality.
Savage (still possessing the Mark of Cain) forms a temporary alliance with fellow immortal and cult leader (as well as at times Mass Murderer) Ra's al Ghul to thwart the group's plan.
The mark he still bears hampers his ability to do his business and thus he attempts to pass it off - to either the Question or the Huntress.
He succeeds, imparting the mark to the Question, who accepts to be branded to spare the Huntress from the disfigurement and the pain (despite the fact that The Question later proves how the brand could be suppressed by acknowledging the flaws, the shortcomings and the guilt of the bearer, a feat made seemingly impossible by Vandal Savage's mindset).
Savage holds Wayne hostage until a younger member of the tribe frees him and aids in his subsequent fight against Savage's mob.
Vandal, in an opium fueled delusion (which he took to control the pain from his cancer), sees Batman as an actual bat, compared to the girl and Alan Wayne (who had been on the way to kill himself when the carriage had careened into the river) whom he sees as skeletons, and remembers that night thousands of years ago when a bat-man had appeared.
This story taking place in the Middle Ages, Savage is, at this point, traveling the world content to simply enjoy life, living for wine, women, and war.
He is a master tactician and incredibly strong, and uses his many skills that he has picked up over his long lifetime to aid his teammates.
However, Vandal Savage gets up and demands that Pandora give him the box, or else he will continue to try to find a way to kill her.
Vandal Savage takes the box and fails to open it, with Pandora noting that he must have some good on his conscience.
A recent storyline where Superman loses his powers is revealed to be part of a complex plan by Vandal Savage to undermine the world's heroes before abducting several members of the Justice League, using them to power a machine that will draw in the asteroid that gave him his immortality while triggering that power in various modern descendants of his.
Although Superman is able to regain his powers by subjecting himself to a dangerous form of 'chemotherapy', where he deliberately exposes himself to kryptonite to burn away what radiation was preventing his cells from absorbing sunlight, analysis reveals that Superman is now absorbing power from kryptonite that will soon kill him.
Despite this, Superman refuses to give in, as various minor heroes assist him in confronting Savage's descendants before he takes Metallo's kryptonite heart (willingly donated) and charges into Savage's base.
Although Savage is able to use the asteroid and the drained Justice League to charge his children's powers, when Savage shoots Superman with a toxic bullet, the toxins burn away the last of the radiation contaminating Superman's cells, allowing him to literally fall into the Fortress of Solitude- 'stolen' by Vandal as part of his plans- and regain the last of his powers.
His plans are thwarted by Lex Luthor, who arrives with his new Legion of Doom to mock Savage for knowing the truth about Perpetua but never trying to use her power.
Savage tries to convince Lex not to pursue his course, but Lex beats him to death with a doorknob made from a piece of the Totality, the oldest energy source in existence.
Since exposure to an unusual radiation generated by a crashed meteor, Savage has been functionally and biologically immortal, remaining unaged for over fifty thousand years.
He was also endowed with meta-human regenerative capacities, although this ability is intermittently portrayed between allowing him to recover from any injuries sustained to just allowing him to survive anything that might kill him; he is even capable of getting drunk like any normal human.
His long life span has allowed him to gain a broad range of knowledge in a variety of fields, as well as granting him a great deal of influence over the world in general and the villain community in particular.
Since a recent experience when he was trapped on an asteroid, Savage's immortality has been weakened, forcing him to cannibalize his own children and clones as a way of replenishing his energy.
As a result, while the cancerous cells in his body naturally cannot kill him, they cause him intermittent pain throughout his life, Savage being unable to have them removed as they are considered to be as much a part of his body as his healthy tissue.
Vandal Savage is stated to be Cain, the first murderer, and as such he may be as old as the entire human race.
Though the mark can be suppressed by willpower and by the recognition of one's shortcomings and flaws, Vandal Savage never realized it, instead trying to force the mark on other people.
In the DCnU story line it was revealed the irradiated meteor which gave Savage his immortality and augmented physicality was Kryptonian in origin.
A fragment of the asteroid was what gave Savage his bolstered physique and immortality, also having the effect of bestowing on the progeny of his family line with odd powers and abilities included.
The closer Savage's asteroid came to the planet, the more these powers would intensify, to the point that Savage was able to injure a weakened Superman.
The extent of all these new abilities bestowed to him was not fully explored, as the comet was forced away before it could be explored in greater depth.
In this story, Savage is obsessed with recovering the meteor that gave him his immortality, believing that it will reveal why he became what he has.
At the conclusion of this last battle, Vandal is left drifting through space on the meteor, determined to learn the purpose of his life.
Savage, like Luthor, assists with victims of the nuclear fallout – in the additional epilogue, Batman praises Savage for his extensive healing experience.
Savage/Flint had captured Q during a visit to the distant past and used his power to accelerate Earth's development and create an empire.
Vandar attempts to torture them with the goal of learning about the 'mistakes' in their histories so that he can 'correct' them in his timeline, but Kirk mockingly informs Vandar that his actions prove that he is nothing more than the caveman he was at the start, incapable of considering the idea that progress might be possible in any way other than beating his opponent to death.
The alternate timeline is undone when Spock and Brainiac 5 release Q in the past; Q's escape undoes Vandar's changes and splits Vandal and Flint back into separate entities, Flint being a Vandal Savage who turned his life towards art and science rather than conquest.
He tries to use technology stolen from J'onn J'onzz to kill humanity (he wants to commit suicide in the grandest manner possible), but is killed by Barry Allen, who sacrifices his life to stop the alien device.
With a crew that includes versions of Lady Shiva and Blockbuster, he invades Earth-20, another pulp-inspired world with a cadre of heroes led by Doc Fate.
Within the New 52 he has another daughter named Kassandra Sage, an FBI agent who reluctantly consults her imprisoned father on a case.
Allium tuberosum (garlic chives, Oriental garlic, Asian chives, Chinese chives, Chinese leek) is a species of onion native to southwestern parts of the Chinese province of Shanxi, and cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in Asia and around the world.
In cold areas (USDA zones 7 to 4b), leaves and stalks completely die back to the ground, and resprout from roots or rhizomes in the spring.
However, it is believed to be more widespread in North America because of the availability of seeds and seedlings of this species as an exotic herb and because of its high aggressiveness.
Garlic chives are regarded as easy to grow in many conditions and may spread readily by seeds or can be intentionally propagated by dividing their clumps.
Uses have included as ornamental plants, including cut and dried flowers, culinary herbs, and Garlic chives have been widely cultivated for centuries in East Asia for their culinary value.
In Kazakhstan, where the plant has been introduced through cultivation by Dungan farmers and ties with neighboring China, garlic chives are known by a transliteration of their Mandarin Chinese name, (джуцей).
It lies at Sabine Pass, on the west bank of the Sabine River, the border between Louisiana and Texas, and was incorporated in 1861.
Formally annexed by Port Arthur in 1978, Sabine Pass has its own school district, post office, water district, and port authority.
Sabine Pass was the site of two naval battles, the First Battle of Sabine Pass, and the Second Battle of Sabine Pass, as well as land skirmishes that occurred around the historic Sabine Pass Lighthouse during the Civil War.
In 1832, Thomas Corts (of England) and John McGaffey (of New Hampshire) were among the first settlers of the Sabine Pass area.
Stephen Hendrickson Everitt (1806–1844) wrote a letter to Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar on March 11, 1839, seeking to establish a post office in the area.
There was already a Republic of Texas custom's house, established in 1837, as well as a United States customs house at Garrison Ridge, and the nearest post office was 40 miles away.
There is some confusion as to if this was Sabine Pass that he had previously written about or an intended city to the south.
The US claimed jurisdiction down the Sabine River to the Gulf of Mexico and Texas claimed it ended at the Sabine River delta.
By 1838 the U.S. assigned the revenue cutter USRC Woodbury (1837) to patrol the Sabine Lake as part of the Gulf of Mexico patrol.
The customs house had two cannons and when the schooners attempted to run the customs port the agent fired a warning shot across the bow of each ship and then six more as an attempt to sink them.
Arthur Stilwell had original plans for the southern terminus of the Kansas City, Pittsburg and Gulf Railroad Company to be Sabine Pass.
But the Kountze brothers, who owned the land Stilwell needed for the railroad, refused to make a deal so Port Arthur was born.
During the American Civil War, Fort Manhassett, Fort Sabine, and Fort Griffin (not to be confused with the later frontier fort) were built by the Confederacy to protect the waterway of Sabine Pass, the Sabine River, and the Neches River under General J.
Two battles, the First Battle of Sabine Pass, and the Second Battle of Sabine Pass, both occurred around the Sabine Lake estuary, in Sabine Pass, between the southern end of the current community of Sabine Pass, Texas and the Sabine Pass Lighthouse on the Louisiana side.
In 1970, road machinery used in its construction accidentally dug up several cannonballs and crumbling kegs of black powder about 10 miles west of Sabine Pass.
Fort Manhassett was a series of earthworks constructed by the Confederacy in 1863 to defend the western approaches to Sabine Pass.
Because of the short distance separating Sabine Pass from the Gulf of Mexico, the city has suffered greatly from numerous hurricanes since its founding.
After hurricanes in 1886, 1900, 1915, and the devastating Hurricane Audrey in 1957, economic development moved north from Sabine Pass to the cities of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, which still dominate the area's economy today.
On September 24, 2005, Hurricane Rita came ashore over Sabine Lake—the surge from the storm destroyed more than 90% of the structures in Sabine Pass.
Adam Saunders, a spokesperson for the City of Port Arthur, said that of the 225 houses in Sabine pass, 20% of them were livable after Rita hit Sabine Pass.
225 families lived in Sabine Pass pre-Ike, and in January 2009 Steve Fitzgibbons, the city manager of the City of Port Arthur, estimated that at that time, half of the families had returned to Sabine Pass post-Ike.
The new station, built 12 feet above sea level and able to withstand 150 mile-per-hour winds, was dedicated in August 2013.
While Port Arthur annexed Sabine Pass in 1978, the census of the two began to be enumerated together since the 1990s.
While Sabine Pass has a separate school district, post office, water district, and port authority, it is incorporated into the city of Port Arthur.
Although to a lesser level than Hiram Lodge and Mr. Weatherbee, he is sometimes the victim of Archie's ever-present accidents (in particular when Archie blows up the school's chemistry lab).
The sunspot effect wears off right as Moose predicts sunny weather for the next day's meteorological picnic, so Flutesnoot makes a fool out of himself when a thunderstorm comes instead.
Another time, Flutesnoot's satellite dish picks up a signal he believes to be of extraterrestrial origin, but he later discovers that the sound is from an audio tape running backwards.
However, at the end of the story, there is, in fact, a rock band of aliens singing exactly the same words.
Skinny and aging, Professor Flutesnoot sports an extremely prominent nose (hence his name) and tufts of curly white hair at his temples (but is otherwise bald).
The lake has an area of 185,000 acres (749 km²), the largest man-made body of water in (or partially in) Louisiana, the largest in the South, and the fifth largest (surface acre) in the United States.
The dam itself is located in the northeast corner of Newton County, Texas; however, that county includes very little of the reservoir, as most of it extends northward into parts of Sabine and DeSoto parishes in Louisiana, and Sabine, Shelby, and Panola counties in Texas.
With both authorities in agreement, in 1955 a feasibility report was initiated and by 1959, the two states allocated 30 million dollars for the project.
Louisiana Director of Public Works Claude Kirkpatrick, who was also president of the Sabine River Authority of Louisiana at the time, pushed for the joint agreement with Texas, in the absence of federal funds, to make the project a reality.
The Toledo Bend legislative bill was successfully pushed, despite numerous obstacles, by freshman Representative Cliff Ammons of Many, the seat of Sabine Parish.
Beginning in May 1963, land acquisitions for Toledo Bend Reservoir started as a joint management project of Texas and Louisiana River Authorities.
From the dam site, which is north of Burkeville, TX, the reservoir extends up the river for about to Logansport, LA, and inundates land in Sabine, Shelby, Panola, and Newton Counties, Texas, and Sabine and DeSoto Parishes, Louisiana.
Toledo Bend is the nation's only public water conservation and hydroelectric power project to be undertaken without federal participation in its permanent financing.
Toledo Bend, with its of shoreline, offers an almost unlimited opportunity for recreational development and is a major element in serving the growing demand for water oriented outdoor recreation.
At present, the lake is best suited to shallow draft power boats due to a large number of trees and stumps that are still in the body of the lake.
Although there are numerous well marked boat lanes that have been cleared of stumps and trees, one should use caution even on the boat lanes; one should use extreme caution when off the boat lanes and maintain a watch for stumps and/or trees as well as floating logs.
Engaged in the Indochina War and being the second NATO contributor, France canceled the adoption of these new weapons for financial reasons.
Not willing to accept a cartridge outside of the NATO specification, the Germans asked CETME to develop a 7.62×51mm version of the rifle.
The resulting CETME Model A was chambered for the 7.62×51mm CETME cartridge which was identical in chamber dimensions but had a reduced-power load compared to the 7.62×51mm NATO round.
Further development of the rifle with input from H&K produced the CETME Model B which received several modifications, including the ability to fire from a closed bolt in both semi-automatic and automatic firing modes, a new perforated sheet metal handguard (the folding bipod had been the foregrip in previous models), improved ergonomics and a slightly longer barrel with a 22 mm rifle grenade launcher guide.
In 1958, this rifle was accepted into service with the Spanish Army as the Modelo 58, using the 7.62×51mm CETME round.
The West German government wanted the G3 rifle to be produced under license in Germany; purchase of the G1 had previously fallen through over FN's refusal to grant such a license.
In the case of the G3, the Dutch firm Nederlandse Wapen en Munitiefabriek (NWM) held production and sales rights to the CETME design outside of Spain.
The latter company already had ties to CETME, and had worked to further optimize the CETME rifle for use with the full-power 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge (as opposed to the downgraded CETME variant).
In 1969, Rheinmetall gave up production rights to the G3 in exchange for H&K's promise not to bid on MG 3 production.
Initial production G3 rifles differed substantially from more recent models; early rifles featured closed-type mechanical flip-up sights (with two apertures), a lightweight folding bipod, a stamped sheet steel handguard, a wooden buttstock (in fixed stock models) or a telescopic metal stock.
The weapon was modernized during its service life (among other minor modifications it received new sights, a different flash suppressor, and a synthetic handguard and shoulder stock), resulting in the most recent production models, the G3A3 (with a fixed polymer stock) and the G3A4 (telescoping metal stock).
Known manufacturers of the weapon included Bangladesh(BOF), France (MAS), Greece (Hellenic Arms Industry), Iran (Defense Industries Organization), Luxembourg (Luxemburg Defense Technologie), Mexico, Myanmar, Norway (Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk), Pakistan (Pakistan Ordnance Factories), Portugal (FBP), Saudi Arabia (Military Industries Corporation (Saudi Arabia)), Sweden (Husqvarna Vapenfabrik AB and FFV Carl-Gustaf in Eskilstuna), Thailand, Turkey (MKEK) and the United Kingdom (Royal Ordnance).
The breech is opened when both rollers are compressed inward against camming surfaces driven by the rearward pressure of the expanding gases upon the bolt head.
As the rollers move inward, recoil energy is transferred to the locking piece and bolt carrier which begin to withdraw while the bolt head slowly moves rearward in relation to the bolt carrier.
As the bolt carrier clears the rollers, pressure in the bore drops to a safe level, the bolt head is caught by the bolt carrier and moves to the rear as one unit, continuing the operating cycle.
The lever essentially ratchets into place with friction, providing enough resistance to being re-opened that the bolt carrier does not rebound.
The spring-powered claw extractor is also contained inside the bolt while the lever ejector is located inside the trigger housing (actuated by the recoiling bolt).
An interchangeable set-trigger pack assembly featuring a trigger stop and less trigger pull is available for the G3SG/1 and other sniping orientated variants.
The firearm is equipped with a relatively low iron sight line that consist of a rotary rear drum and hooded front post.
The rotary drum features an open V-notch (numbered 1) for rapid target acquisition, close range, low light and impaired visibility use and three apertures (numbered 2, 3 and 4) used for: in increments for more precise aiming.
The receiver housing has recesses that work with STANAG claw mounts/HK clamp adapters used to mount day or night aiming optics.
The rifled barrel (contains 4 right-hand grooves with a 305 mm twist rate) terminates with a slotted flash suppressor which can also be used to attach a bayonet or serve as an adapter for launching rifle grenades.
The barrel chamber is fluted, which assists in the initial extraction of a spent cartridge casing (since the breech is opened under very high barrel in internal cartridge case pressure).
The G3A3 (A4) uses either steel (260 g) or aluminium (140 g) 20-round double-stacked straight box magazines, or a 50-round drum magazine.
H&K developed a prototype plastic disposable magazine in the early 1960s, but it was not adopted as aluminum magazines were just as light and proved more durable, as well as easier to produce.
Standard accessories supplied with the rifle include: a detachable bipod (not included with rifles that have a perforated plastic handguard), sling, cleaning kit and a speed-loading device.
Several types of bayonet are available for the G3, but with few exceptions they require an adapter to be inserted into the end of the cocking tube.
The most common type features a 6 inch spear-point blade nearly identical with the M7 bayonet, but with a different grip because of its mounting above the barrel.
The G3 rifle is or was produced under license in the following countries: Brazil, France, Mexico, Turkey, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Greece, Pakistan, Myanmar and Iran.
As early as the 6th century, there had begun a major importation of spiritual and cultural ideas into Japan from China.
To these initial doctrines and beliefs were later added teachings concerning the powers of mysticism, magic and healing that had gradually begun to reach Japan with the arrival of itinerant monks, priests, hermits and shamanic practitioners, forced to flee from China after the fall of the Tang dynasty.
The park's include more than 10,000 lakes, 30,000 miles of rivers and streams, and a wide variety of habitats including wetlands and old-growth forests.
As Romanticism developed in the United States, the view of wilderness became more positive, as seen in the writings of James Fenimore Cooper, Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
William Henry Harrison Murray's 1869 wilderness guidebook depicted the area as a place of relaxation and pleasure rather than a natural obstacle.
Financier and railroad promoter Thomas Clark Durant acquired a large tract of central Adirondack land and built a railroad from Saratoga Springs to North Creek.
Following the Civil War, Reconstruction Era economic expansion led to an increase in logging and deforestation, especially in the southern Adirondacks.
in 1870 Verplanck Colvin made the first recorded ascent of Seward Mountain during which he saw the extensive damage done by lumbermen.
He wrote a report which was read at the Albany Institute and printed by the New York State Museum of Natural History.
In 1872 he was named to the newly created post of Superintendent of the Adirondack Survey and given a $1000 budget by the state legislature to institute a survey of the Adirondacks.
In 1873 he wrote a report arguing that if the Adirondack watershed was allowed to deteriorate, it would threaten the viability of the Erie Canal, which was then vital to New York's economy.
and in 1885, New York State Legislature designated particular counties in the state as places where Forest Preserve could be acquired in the future.
The lands of the state, now owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve as now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands.
They shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed or destroyed.
In 1902, the legislature passed a bill defining the Adirondack Park for the first time in terms of the counties and towns within it.
In 1912 the legislature further clarified that the park included the privately owned lands within as well as the public holdings.
The restrictions on development and lumbering embodied in Article XIV have withstood many challenges from timber interests, hydropower projects, and large-scale tourism development interests.
Further, the language of the article, and decades of legal experience in its defense, are widely recognized as having laid the foundation for the U.S. National Wilderness Act of 1964.
As a result of the legal protections, many pieces of the original forest of the Adirondacks have never been logged and are old-growth forest.
The State Conservation Department (now the DEC) responded by building more facilities: boat docks, tent platforms, lean-tos, and telephone and electrical lines.
This growing crisis led to the 1971 creation of the Adirondack Park Agency (APA) to develop long-range land-use plans for both the public and private lands within the Blue Line.
The plan is designed to channel much of the future growth in the Park around existing communities, where roads, utilities, services, and supplies already exist.
In 2008 The Nature Conservancy purchased Follensby Pond – about of private land inside the park boundary – for $16 million.
The group plans to sell the land to the state which will add it to the forest preserve once the remaining leases for recreational hunting and fishing on the property expire.
This system of management is distinctly different from New York's state park system, which is managed by the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
Private organizations are buying land in order to sell it back to New York State to be added to the public portion of Park.
Other species, such as the moose, the wolf, and the cougar were hunted either for their meat, for sport, or because they were seen as a threat to livestock.
Reintroduction efforts for beaver began around 1904 by combining the remaining beaver in the Adirondacks with those of Canada and later on those from Yellowstone.
The population quickly grew to around 2000 roughly ten years and around 20,000 in 1921 with the addition of beaver in different areas of the Park.
Although this reintroduction was marked as a success, the elevated beaver population was found to have negative economic impacts on waterways and timber sources.
The trend of man attempting to manage nature would continue with the introduction of elk to the Adirondacks, a species that is unclear to have ever previously occupied the region.
After two previously failed attempts to introduce elk, in 1903 over 150 elks were reported by the State of New York Forest, Fish, and Game Commission to have been released and surviving in the park.
To protect and maintain the elk population in the future, the DeBar Mountain Game Refuge was established within the Forest Preserve.
This effort to control nature was also observed in the actions of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), work crews who established access roads and water supply expansion.
This proved to have unanticipated ecological consequences, most notably the overpopulation of deer which was reported by the New York State Conservation Department in 1945.
Animals in various stages of reintroduction include the raccoon, moose, black bear, coyote, opossum, beaver, porcupine, fisher, marten, river otter, bobcat, and Canadian lynx.
Birds that inhabit this park include the red-tailed hawk, broad-winged hawk, rough-legged hawk, swainson's hawk, Peregrine falcon, osprey, great horned owl, barred owl, screech owl, turkey vulture and raven.
There are numerous accommodations, including cabins, hunting lodges, villas and hotels, in and around Lake Placid, Lake George, Saranac Lake, Old Forge, Schroon Lake and the St. Regis Lakes.
Although the climate during the winter months can be severe, with temperatures falling below , a number of sanatoriums were located there in the early twentieth century because of the positive effect the air had on tuberculosis patients.
Because of these regulations, the large tourist population has not overfished the area, and as such, the brooks, rivers, ponds and lakes are home to large trout and black bass populations.
The Adirondack Park Agency visitor interpretive centers are designed to help orient visitors to the park via educational programs, exhibits, and interpretive trails.
The Wild Center in Tupper Lake offers extensive exhibits about the natural history of the region including a 1,000 foot long series of elevated bridges that rise up over the forest on the Center's campus.
The Six Nation Indian Museum in Franklin has as a mission to provide education about Iroquois (also known as Haudenosaunee) culture, particularly environmental ethics, and to reinforce traditional values and philosophies.
The 46 highest mountains in the Adirondack High Peaks were thought to be over when climbed by brothers Robert and George Marshall between 1918 and 1924.
Surveys have since shown that four of these peaks — Blake Peak, Cliff Mountain, Nye Mountain and Couchsachraga Peak — are in fact just slightly under .
Some hikers try to climb all of the original 46 peaks and there is a Forty Sixers club for those who have done so.
The surface of many of the lakes lies at an elevation above ; their shores are usually rocky and irregular, and the wild scenery within their vicinity has made them very attractive to tourists.
Raft trips are possible on the Hudson River near North River from April to October due to dam releases provided by the Town of Indian Lake.
Rail operators included Chateauguay Railroad, the Adirondack Railway, the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, Lake Champlain Transportation Company, the New York Central Railroad, Northern Adirondack Railroad Company, Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad, New York and Ottawa Railway, Mohawk and Malone Railway and Fulton Chain Railway.
However, through the 1950s and to 1961, daily there was a day train and a night train in each direction to Lake Placid station.
The Penn Central Transportation Company, successor to the New York Central, continued freight service between New York City and Lake Placid until 1972.
There are many small airstrips and lakes for seaplanes to land but there is only one true airport within the park that sees commercial airline service that is available to the general public.
The airport currently (2019) receives year-round service to Boston Logan Airport 3x daily in the winter and up to 5x daily in the summer with Northeast based commuter airline Cape Air.
Another option for Adirondack Park tourists while not located in the park, Plattsburgh is located just 10 miles outside the park and offers nonstop flights to Florida with Allegiant and Spirit Airlines, and Washington D.C. via Washington Dulles airport with United Airlines regional partner Skywest.
These camps for the wealthy were built to provide a primitive, rustic appearance while avoiding the problems of in-shipping materials from elsewhere.
In 1909, the first Adirondack fire lookout tower, made of logs, was erected on Mount Morris and many others were built over the next several years.
Some in the Adirondack Forest Preserve have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including those on the following mountains: Arab, Azure, Blue, Hadley, Kane, Loon Lake, Poke-O-Moonshine, St. Regis, Snowy, and Wakely.
McIntyre Furnace & McNaughton Cottage: an 1853 blast furnace, the 1832 McNaughton Cottage, the remains of the Tahawus Club era buildings, and the early mining-related sites.
St. Regis Presbyterian church: designed by prolific Saranac Lake architect William L. Coulter and built on land donated by Paul Smith.
The Bow Bridge: The Bow Bridge in Hadley is one of only two parabolic or lenticular truss bridges in the region and one of only about 50 remaining in the country.
Saranac Village at Will Rogers: a Tudor Revival style retirement community, was constructed in 1930 as a tuberculosis treatment facility for vaudeville performers.
After sitting unused for twenty years, it was bought in 1998 by the Alpine Adirondack Association, LLC and reopened in January 2000 as a retirement community.
Camp Santanoni was once a private estate of approximately 13,000 acres (53 km²), and now is the property of the state, at Newcomb.
It is a long, -story, building with several projecting bays, porches, gables and dormers, a porte cochere and a service wing.
Also on the property are a power house, fire house, gazebo, root cellar, reservoir, ruins of the caretaker's house and carriage house, and the remains of the landscaped grounds.
Theme Park is a construction and management simulation video game developed by Bullfrog Productions and published by Electronic Arts in 1994.
Starting with a free plot of land in the United Kingdom and few hundred thousand pounds, the player must build a profitable amusement park.
Shops available include those selling foodstuff (such as ice creams) or soft drinks, and games such as coconut shies and arcades.
Over thirty attractions, ranging in complexity from the bouncy castle and tree house to more complicated and expensive rides such as the roller coaster and Ferris wheel are available.
If visitors become unhappy, thugs may come to vandalise the park by committing offences such as popping balloons, stealing food, and beating up entertainers.
Occasionally, wages and the price of goods must be negotiated; failure to reach an agreement results in staff strikes or loss of shipment.
Game time is implemented like a calendar: at the end of each year, the player is judged on that year's performance against rivals.
Cash awards may be earned for doing well, and trophies may be awarded for achievements such as having the longest roller coaster.
The goal is to increase the park's value and available money so that it can be sold and a new lot purchased from another part of the world to start a new theme park.
Once enough money has been made, the player can auction the park and move on to newer plots, located worldwide and having different factors affecting gameplay, including the economy, weather, terrain and land value.
The three difficulty settings enable players to choose the desired depth: simply having fun creating a theme park, or making all the business decisions too.
The story was originally to have the player play the role of a nephew who had inherited a fortune from his aunt, to be spent only on the world's largest and most profitable theme park.
There was to be a feature where a microphone is placed on a visitor and so the player could hear what they were saying, and multiplayer support was dropped two weeks prior to release because of a deadline.
The game was mostly complete by January 1994 and scheduled for release on 28 March, but this was pushed back to June, and then August.
Bullfrog developed the Mega Drive port, which was mostly complete by April 1995, and the Sega Saturn port, released in October 1995.
The Jaguar version was noted by critics as having problems such as slowdown and lack of a save option, although some liked the graphics and gameplay.
The visuals were likewise commended by Jeuxvideo.com on the PC and Macintosh versions, and the British humour was complimented as well.
In their review of the Macintosh version of the game, they believed that players would think of it when they visit Disneyland.
It was released in Japan on 15 March 2007 with releases in the US and Europe on 20 March 2007 and 23 March 2007.
New features of the game are the user interface, which was designed to fit the stylus functionality of the DS platform, and bonus rides/shops exclusive to certain properties, such as a Tea Room themed on an AEC Routemaster bus for England, Japanese dojo-style bouncy castle for Japan, a Coliseum-themed Pizza Parlour for Italy, a La Sagrada Familia-themed Paella restaurant for Spain etc.
He is voiced by series creator Seth MacFarlane and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in a 15-minute short on December 20, 1998.
A highly precocious infant who acts as an adult, Stewie began the series as a meganomaniac sociopath, initially obsessed with violence, matricide and world domination.
He has also come to have a very close friendship with the family's anthropomorphic dog, Brian (whom he originally used to antagonize in the earliest episodes).
Stewie is considered to be the show's breakout character and has received numerous award accommodations from writers such as Jodiss Pierre.
Stewie is a one-year-old prodigy who has a very sophisticated psyche and is able to speak very fluently in an upper-class English accent with quite advanced vocabulary.
Stewie succumbs to other childish tendencies; he believes Peter has truly disappeared in a game of Peekaboo, often has difficulties understanding the concept of shapes, talks to his teddy bear Rupert as if he were alive, is overcome with laughter when Lois blows on his stomach; and has no idea how to use a toilet.
MacFarlane has stated that Stewie is meant to represent the general helplessness of an infant through the eyes of an adult.
Per cartoon physics, his ability to move objects of greater weight than himself is not surprising to other characters, nor is his ability to retrieve firearms from hammerspace or his ability to talk.
Stewie employs these to cope with the stresses of infant life (such as teething pain, and eating broccoli) and to murder his mother, Lois, with mixed success at best depending on the objective.
As made clear in the pilot episode, Stewie's matricidal tendencies are a result of Lois constantly (and unwittingly) thwarting his schemes, and so he desires to kill her to carry out his plans without her interference.
In other, later episodes, Stewie engages in other violent or criminal acts, including robbery, aggravated assault, carjacking, loan sharking, forgery, and killing off many minor characters (with a tank, guns, and other assorted weaponry).
The events are reverted in a deus ex machina ending, where most of the story turns out to be a computer simulation.
Because of the rather disastrous ending for himself in the simulation, being shot and killed by Peter, he decides to put aside his plans of matricide and world domination for the time being.
Stewie shows a complete disdain for most people, but does show affection and even rare instances of kindness to his family.
On a more frequent basis though, Stewie constantly disrespects Meg, as he does with most elders (and as most people do to Meg), often being rude to her and subjecting her to the malice of his misbehavior, once even tricking her outside to be attacked by bees on steroids.
In that episode, after Lois recovers and repairs a lost Rupert and serves Stewie a meal he likes, he rethinks Lois and accepts her as a loving mother.
When he becomes too dependent on her, she deliberately takes no notice of him; when he hurts himself, she tries to show notice of him again, he returns to hating her.
In the more recent seasons, Stewie has a larger amount of freedom from his parents, usually spending much of his time with Brian.
He also starts to interact with more people despite still having hatred towards many of them, as shown in cutaways in later episodes, and more flamboyant.
Stewie is shown in more recent episodes to be a superfan of Taylor Swift, and even sets her up with Chris as a prom date.
Stewie intensely dislikes him and is one of the few characters fully aware of Herbert's nature, even calling him a pervert to his face.
MacFarlane has also linked Stewie with David Hyde Pierce on more than one occasion, saying he wants Pierce to play Stewie if a live action version of the show would ever be created.
Another is where he has a picture of Chris Noth in his wallet and he expresses his wishes to have sexual relations with Brian's son, Dylan.
Since that point, MacFarlane has opted to have Stewie portrayed as sexually ambiguous, as, in his eyes, the flexibility of Stewie's sexuality allows for much more freedom in terms of writing for the character.
Characters evolve in certain ways and we found that doing the take-over-the-world thing every week was getting played out and was starting to feel a little dated.
It was weirdly feeling a little '90s and believe me, if we were still doing that, the show would be on its last legs.
He ends up going back in time to prevent a passage in Leviticus from being written: 'Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with womankind.
Stewie (and Brian) usually form the center-plot for the show's highest rated and most critically acclaimed episodes, these being the Road to... episodes.
Stewie has been included on Family Guy T-shirts, baseball caps, bumper stickers, cardboard standups, refrigerator magnets, posters, and several other items.
Desperate to stop him, Stewie shrinks himself and makes his way to Bertram's lair within Peter's testicles to discover his plan, destroys his henchman cloning lab, and rescues a kidnapped Rupert from a rocket.
The character appeared in a Coca-Cola commercial during Super Bowl XLII, he and Brian appeared in a commercial for Wheat Thins, he presented a musical number at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards with Brian, and he appeared at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards.
MacFarlane went on to say that Brian always hears Stewie, and more recently so does Chris, but the writers usually strive for Peter, Lois, and Meg not to hear him.
MacFarlane also states that these rules can be broken for the sake of comedy, so this could change from one episode to another.
In 992 Pietro II Orseolo concluded a treaty with the Byzantine emperor Basil II to transport Byzantine troops in exchange for commercial privileges in Constantinople.
Following repeated complaints by the Dalmatian city-states in 997, the Venetian fleet under Orseolo attacked the Neretvian pirates of Neretvia on Ascension Day in 998.
On 9 May 1000 Doge Pietro II decided to finally pacify the Croatians and the Narentines during the last Croatian-Bulgarian wars, protecting Venetian trade colonies and the interests of Romanized Dalmatians.
Without difficulties, his fleet of 6 ships scorched the entire eastern half of the Adriatic coast, with only the Neretvians offering resistance.
After the Neretvians stole goods and captured 40 tradars from Zadar, the Doge dispatched 10 ships that caught the Neretvians near the island of Kača.
Moreover, the Neretvians would also have to renounce the old tax that Venetia had to pay since 948, and guarantee safe passage to Venetian ships in the Adriatic.
At the same time that Pietro II subjugated Lastovo, the former Croatian king Svetoslav Suronja fled to Venice after being deposed by his two brothers.
Ottone Orseolo succeeded his father, Pietro II, as the doge of Venice until 1026, while his grandson Peter reigned as King of Hungary.
It was commemorated by the Doge and the bishop of Olivolo going past the Lido and blessing the waters, invoking good fortune for the Venetian navy.
The Republic of Indian Stream or Indian Stream Republic was an unrecognized constitutional republic in North America, along the section of the border that divides the current Canadian province of Quebec from the U.S. state of New Hampshire.
The area was first settled by Europeans under a land grant, not from the King of Great Britain, but from a St. Francis Indian named King Philip, after Metacomet, who was also called King Philip.
This grant was sold to one land-speculation company, while a second group of Indians from the same tribe made representations to another company of Europeans that their chief had been deposed and that they were empowered to issue a grant to the second company.
Following the Revolutionary War, both companies surveyed the territories and issued their own land grants to settlers, which frequently overlapped one another.
The establishment of Indian Stream as an independent nation was, essentially, the result of the ambiguous boundary between the United States and British Lower Canada as defined in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
As a result, the area in and around the three tributaries that fed into the head of the Connecticut River was not definitively under the jurisdiction of either the United States or Lower Canada (which was formed in 1791).
The double taxation angered the population, and the Republic was formed to put an end to the issue until such time as the United States and Great Britain could reach a settlement on the boundary line.
One of the drafters of the constitution was Luther Parker, who served as justice of the peace for the Republic from 1832 to 1835.
The independence declaration did not cause the sheriff of Coos County to cease his involvement in affairs, with later events leading to an impending invasion by New Hampshire.
The sheriff preceded them and, on August 4, met with between 30 and 40 members of the assembly, to whom he issued an ultimatum.
The Republic ceased to operate independently the next day when five leaders of Indian Stream wrote to a British official in Sherbrooke, Lower Canada, that, with a response to their petition for protection by the British not having occurred in time, Indian Stream had agreed to annexation by New Hampshire.
In reporting the incident to the British magistrate, Tyler falsely stated under oath that the location of his arrest was Drayton, Lower Canada.
The magistrate then issued a warrant for Blanchard's arrest, which was carried out by a deputy and a few members of the British faction of Streamers, who returned with Blanchard toward the magistrate's house in Lower Canada.
Along the way, a group of Streamers stopped them in the road, rescued Blanchard and returned with their freed comrade to Indian Stream.
Several hours later, there was a commotion in the road nearby from a posse of armed Streamers, emboldened by liquor, bent on making an impression.
The invading posse shot the deputy through the thigh and then captured the hobbled magistrate with a blow of a saber to his scalp during a struggle.
They returned to Canaan, Vermont, with the bleeding magistrate as prisoner, where local leaders treated his wound and released him immediately.
In the aftermath, a detachment of fifty New Hampshire militia, including troops and officers, occupied the territory from mid-November until February 18, 1836.
Both governments, appalled at the idea of war over a matter so trivial as a hardware-store debt, determined to take measures so that matters did not escalate, and an uneasy peace endured in the years preceding the conclusion of a treaty settling the border.
In July 1837, Lord Palmerston in London dismissed all charges in the British judiciary system arising from the incident and reiterated the British position that the territory was part of British North America.
The area was still described as Indian Stream at the time of the U.S. census taken on June 1, 1840, when the local population totalled 315.
Trans-Israel pipeline (), also Tipline or Eilat-Ashkelon Pipeline is an oil pipeline in Israel that transported crude oil originating from Iran inside Israel and to Europe.
The pipeline is owned and operated by the Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline Company (EAPC) which also operates several other oil pipelines in Israel.
In 2003, Israel and Russia made an agreement to supply Asian markets with Russian oil delivered by tankers from Novorossiysk to Ashkelon and then reloaded onto tankers in Eilat for shipment to Asia.
This route from Europe to Asia is shorter than the traditional one around Africa, and cheaper than the one via the Suez Canal.
In December 2014, a breach near the southern end of the pipeline led to a massive oil spill into the Evrona Nature Reserve.
On 27 June 2016, the Swiss Federal Tribunal decided the case in Iran's favour with an award of $1.1 billion plus interest.
The communes neighbouring Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine are Paris, to the south, Clichy, to the west, Villeneuve-la-Garenne, Gennevilliers and L'Île-Saint-Denis, to the north, and Saint-Denis to the east.
At the same time, the commune of La Chapelle-Saint-Denis was disbanded and divided between the city of Paris, Saint-Ouen, Saint-Denis, and Aubervilliers.
The commune of Montmartre was also disbanded; the city of Paris annexed most of Montmartre, but Saint-Ouen did receive a small northern part of the territory of that commune.
From mid-2017 it will also be connected at Mairie de Saint-Ouen to the extended Gare Saint Lazare to Olympiades Paris Metro Line 14.
It was created in 1948, is member of the university of Paris-Seine and now part of the ISAE Group, which has a total of 6000 students.
Indian Stream is a tributary of the Connecticut River, approximately 19.1 miles (30.9 km) long, in New Hampshire in the United States.
It rises in the mountains of extreme northern New Hampshire, in Coos County near the Canada–United States border, where the Middle Branch of Indian Stream joins the West Branch.
The area around Pittsburg was the subject of a border dispute in the 1830s between the United States and Canada, leading to the short-lived, self-proclaimed Republic of Indian Stream.
The border dispute, based upon an ambiguity in the Treaty of Paris (1783), was resolved in 1842, with the river drainage and the land lying east of Halls Stream established as part of the state of New Hampshire.
William Nathaniel Bell (March 6, 1817 – September 6, 1887), originally from Edwardsville, Illinois and later a resident of Portland, Oregon, was a member of the Denny Party, the first group of white settlers in what is now Seattle, Washington.
in 1852, Bell was a delegate at the Monticello Convention that produced a petition to US Congress to split the Oregon Territory, creating the Washington Territory, which would later become the state of Washington.
Bell named many of the streets in the area after his own children, including Bell Street, Virginia and Olive Streets and Olive Way (named for his daughters), and Stewart Street, named for Olive's husband Joseph H. Stewart.
World War II raged early in the decade, and just like baseballers, many popular boxers went overseas to fight for their countries, Joe Louis, Billy Conn, Beau Jack, and Bob Montgomery among them.
Louis was used to entice Americans to join the war against Germany, a couple of propaganda movies starring Louis and many propaganda posters being produced.
Louis' great rival, Max Schmeling, a lifelong opponent of the Nazi regime, was forced by Adolf Hitler to join the German military after his loss to Louis at their 1938 rematch.
Television was in its infancy in the 1940s, but nonetheless, viewers were treated to many 10-round, non-title fights, and many crown challengers became household names under the absence of so many world champions.
Sugar Ray Robinson and Jake LaMotta began their series of famous bouts towards the middle of the decade, Jack and Montgomery fought four times, and Rocky Graziano and Tony Zale starred in what boxing critics have often called one of the fiercest rivalries in boxing history.
The heavyweight division was dominated by Louis, the only man in history to be world champion throughout every year of a decade.
(note on boxing in 1945: because of the events of World War II during this year, there were only two world championship boxing bouts in 1945).
Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict by journalists in international news media has been said to be biased by both sides and independent observers.
These perceptions of bias, possibly exacerbated by the hostile media effect, have generated more complaints of partisan reporting than any other news topic and have led to a proliferation of media watchdog groups.
A poll of British newsreaders that same year found that only 9% were aware that Israel was the occupying power of Palestinian territories.
Israeli academic surveys at the time of Operation Defensive Shield (2002) also found that the Israeli public thought the West Bank revolt was evidence that Palestinians were trying, murderously, to wrest control of territories within Israel itself.
Brian Whitaker, reviewing 1,659 articles covering events in the Guardian and Evening Standard for this period (2000–2001), observed the same effects, adding that omission of important adjectives was notable: 66% failed to mention that the incidents took place in an occupied territory.
Thus, Israeli violence is restricted to responses to specific events like putting down the First and Second Intifadas, Israel's wars in Gaza and the Palestinian knifing attacks in 2015–2016, which were mainly the work of lone wolves.
Consequently, he concludes, the most intense suppression of uprisings and wars cannot be considered in isolation from the occupation regime as an everyday experience.
Such omissions and alterations in the terms used are cited as an example of the pervasive use of euphemisms or loaded terminology in reportage on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a problem which the International Press Institute thought sufficiently important by 2013 to issue a handbook to guide journalists through the semantic minefield.
The quality of both Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict and research and debates on university campuses have been the object of extensive monitoring and research.
In addition to Israel's hasbara organization, intent on countering negative press images, there are also many private pro-Israeli organizations, among them CAMERA, FLAME, HonestReporting, Palestinian Media Watch and the Anti-Defamation League which subject reportage to scrutiny in the belief news on Israel has systematically distorted reality to privilege Palestinian versions.
Such difficulties have given rise to anxieties that the topic itself is at risk, and that the political pressures circumscribing research and discussion undermine academic freedom itself.
Internal Israeli studies have argued that local press coverage has traditionally been conservative, reflecting the often tendentious and biased views of the political and military establishment, and similar tendencies have been noted in Palestinian reportage.
In a sample of 48 reports of 22 Palestinian deaths, 40 Israeli accounts only gave the IDF version, a mere 8 included a Palestinian reaction.
In a study of BBC television news coverage, the Glasgow Media Group documented differences in the language used by journalists for Israelis and Palestinians.
This selective inclusion of information, which results from omitting other information, may distort the presentation of events in favor of one side or the other.
In a 2001 study done by FAIR, only 4% of the US media mentioned that an occupation by Israel is occurring.
In an update to the study, the number has reportedly gone down to only 2% of the media mentioning an occupation.
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) (a pro-Israel group) notes that factual errors can be errors of omission, where something important was not said, resulting in readers being misled, or commission, where information used is not true.
Lack of verification involves the publication of potentially unreliable information prior to or without independent confirmation of the facts, and has resulted in various scandals.
CAMERA believe that when dealing with vilification of Israel, facts remain unchecked, accusations remain unverified, and journalistic responsibility is replaced by disclaimers.
Selective reporting involves devoting more resources, such as news articles or air time, to the coverage of one side of the story over another.
In the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, FAIR believe the media in the United States downplay violence against Palestinians and stated that National Public Radio reported more Israeli casualties of the Arab–Israeli conflict than Palestinian casualties by percentage.
CAMERA made the opposite complaint – that NPR gave pro-Arab speakers 77% more time than Israeli or pro-Israeli speakers, and segments that included only pro-Arab speakers were almost twice as numerous and four times as long as those that omitted Arab speakers altogether.
Decontextualization is a type of omission in which the omitted information is essential to understanding a decision, action, or event, its underlying motivations or key events leading up to it.
In the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, both sides accuse each other of coercion or censorship as an explanation of alleged bias in favor of the other side.
In support of these claims, Israeli advocates point to kidnappings of foreign reporters by Palestinians, while Palestinian advocates point to media blackouts and confiscation of reports by Israelis.
Additionally, both sides point to reports by both governmental and non-governmental organizations, which assess the degree of journalistic freedom in the region.
Due to the severity of these actions, which violate the ethics and standards of journalism, instances of forgery and/or falsification are frequently cited by Israelis and their advocates and/or by Palestinians and their advocates—depending on the nature of the forgery and/or falsification—to support claims that the media favors the other side.
headlines are the first, and sometimes only, news items seen by readers and should provide the accurate and specific essence of a news story.
In the context of the media, sensationalism refers to claims that the media chooses to report on shocking events or to exaggerate, at the expense of accuracy and objectivity, to improve viewer, listener or readership ratings.
This criticism, also known as media circus, is proffered by both Israelis and Palestinians as a possible explanation for alleged bias.
Richard Falk, United Nations special rapporteur on Palestinian human rights, has stated that in the media-distorted picture surrounding the Middle East, those who reports honestly and factually are accused of bias, whereas pro-Israel bias is perceived as mainstream.
To substantiate claims that the media favors the other side, participants in the conflict on each side frequently cite a number of illustrative and extreme examples of controversial reporting.
This section lists incidents of controversial reporting frequently cited by only Israelis and Israel advocates, by only Palestinians and Palestinian advocates, or by both sides.
In 2001, following a non-military investigation, conducted by Israeli Southern Command Maj.-Gen. Yom Tov Samia, the Israeli Prime Minister's Foreign Media Advisor, Dr. Ra'anan Gissin, along with Daniel Seaman of the Israeli Government Press Office (GPO) publicly challenged the accuracy of the France 2 report.
On October 1, 2007, Israel officially denied responsibility for the shooting and claimed that the France 2 footage had been staged, prompting criticism from Al-Durrah's father.
The French defamation case was definitely settled on June 26, 2013, by the French Court of Appeals: Philippe Karsenty was convicted of defamation and fined €7,000 by the Paris Court of Appeals.
The young man in the picture was 20-year-old Tuvia Grossman, a Jewish American student from Chicago who had been studying at a Yeshiva in Israel; the Israeli police officer in the photograph, actually came to his rescue by threatening his Palestinian assailants.
The Grossman photo appears frequently in Israeli criticisms of the media, because the photograph implied that the police officer who rescued Grossman had beaten him, it implied an Israeli perpetrator, it implied a Palestinian victim, and it conveyed the opposite of what had transpired.
The fighting, which lasted eight days and resulted in the deaths of 52 Palestinians (including 14 civilians, according to the IDF, and 22 civilians, according to HRW) and 23 Israeli soldiers, has been interpreted quite differently by Israelis and Palestinians.
Early news publications, following both IDF estimates of 200 Palestinians killed and Palestinian estimates of 500 Palestinians killed, reported hundreds of Palestinian deaths and repeated claims that a massacre had taken place.
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International later found that no massacre had taken place, although both organizations charged the IDF with war crimes and human rights violations.
The IDF agreed that the report should have mentioned two gunboat shells fired at about the time of the deaths but stated that these shells had landed too far away from the area to be the cause of the explosion and this omission did not impact the report's overall conclusion that Israel had not been responsible for the blast.
According to Human Rights Watch, the IDF acknowledged that the cause of the blast may have been an unexploded 155mm artillery shell from an earlier shelling, or another location, but suggested it might have been placed there as an IED by Palestinians.
This incident is often cited by Israel advocates who claim that the media favors the Palestinian side, because of reports which attributed the blast to the IDF prior to the conclusion of the IDF investigation.
On August 5, 2006 Charles Foster Johnson of Little Green Footballs accused Reuters of inappropriately manipulating images of destruction to Beirut caused by Israel during the Second Lebanon War.
In response to these allegations, Reuters toughened its photo editing policy and admitted to inappropriate photo manipulation on the part of Adnan Hajj, a freelance photographer whom Reuters subsequently fired.
The article prompted criticism by HonestReporting for coming to conclusions prematurely, and resulted in an investigation by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
A few days later an official letter was issued by Al Jazeera's director general, Wadah Khanfar, in which he admitted that the program violated the station's Code of Ethics and that he had ordered the channel's programming director to take steps to ensure that such an incident does not recur.
A Gaza man falsely claimed that his five-month-old baby died on March 23, 2012, when the generator powering his respirator ran out of fuel, a result of the Egyptian blockade on Gaza and Egyptian cut-off of fuel to Gaza.
The baby's father, Abdul-Halim Helou, said that his son Mohammed was born with a lymphatic disorder and needed removal of the fluids that accumulated in his respiratory system, and had only a few months to live.
However, the report was called into question when it emerged that the timing of the baby's death had been misrepresented, and appeared to be an attempt by Gaza's Hamas rulers to exploit the death to gain sympathy.
The Associated Press later learned that news of Mohammed Helou's death had already appeared on March 4 in the local Arabic newspaper Al-Quds and that Hamas was now trying to recycle the story to capitalize on the family's tragedy.
When confronted by the Associated Press, the family and Hamas official Bassem al-Qadri continued to insist that the baby had only recently died.
Gaza is a coastal plain, bordering the Negev desert which witnesses flash floods during heavy rains as water runs across the surface of the impervious desert soil.
During the 2013 winter storm in the Middle east Ma'an News Agency reported that Israel opened dams, leading to Gaza floods.
Razan Ashraf Abdul Qadir al-Najjar was a nurse/paramedic who was killed by the Israeli army while volunteering as a medic during the 2018 Gaza border protests.
She was fatally shot in the chest by an Israeli soldier as she, reportedly with her arms raised to show she was unarmed, tried to help evacuate the wounded near Israel's border fence with Gaza.
The Israeli army released footage in which she purportedly admitted to participating in the protests as a human shield, supposedly at the request of Hamas.
The video was later found to be a clip from an interview with a Lebanese television station that had been edited by the IDF to misleadingly take al-Najjar's comments out of context.
The French film (with English subtitles) examines media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict in French media, and claims that the media's presentation of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in France is consistently skewed against Israel and may be responsible for exacerbating anti-Semitism.
The film, with its title derived from the words Palestine and Hollywood, claims that the Western media uncritically accepts and reports the stories of freelance Palestinian videographers who record staged scenes, often involving faked or exaggerated injuries, to elicit sympathy and support.
The movie claims that the influence of pro-Israel media watchdog groups, such as CAMERA and Honest Reporting, leads to distorted and pro-Israel media reports.
False compromise refers to the claim, made by some Israeli advocates and by some Palestinian advocates, that their side of the conflict is morally right and the other side is morally wrong and, therefore, attempts to balance the presentation of both viewpoints wrongfully suggests that both sides are morally equivalent.
Good journalism is about fine analysis and making distinctions, and this applies as much to moral distinctions as to any others.
Structural geographic bias refers to the claim, made by some Palestinian advocates, that the Western media favors Israel, allegedly as a result of Western reporters living in Israel.
Advocacy groups, governments and individuals use the internet, new media and social media to try to influence public perceptions of both sides in the Arab/Palestinian–Israeli conflict.
While Israeli and Palestinian advocacy websites promote their respective points of view, fierce debate over the Arab–Israeli conflict has embroiled social networking websites and applications with user-generated content, such as Facebook, Google Earth, Twitter and Wikipedia.
Because the website allows users to join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region, Facebook has become embroiled in a number of regional conflicts.
When Israeli settlements were moved from being listed under the Israel network to the Palestine network, thousands of Israelis living in the area protested Facebook's decision.
In response to the protest, Facebook has allowed users living in the area to select either Israel or Palestine as their home country.
Another controversy over Facebook regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict concerns Facebook groups which, against Facebook's terms of use, promote hatred and violence.
After taking over the group, the JIDF began to remove its more than 48,000 members and replaced the group's graphic with a picture of an IAF jet with the flag of Israel in the background.
Avital Leibovich, the head of the foreign desk for Israel's military, sent a tweet from her official account of a video of rockets from Gaza being fired at Israel.
Leibovich was one of a number of bloggers who criticized Khulood Badawi, an Information and Media Coordinator for the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs who tweeted a picture of a Palestinian child covered in blood.
It was discovered the picture was published in 2006 and was of a Palestinian girl who had died in an accident and been brought to the hospital shortly after an Israeli air strike in Gaza.
Humanitarian Coordinator and the Head of Office in Jerusalem later met with officials at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel to discuss these events.
There are differing accounts of how the Israeli air strike, reported to be as little as 100 meters away, may have caused the accident.
While academics debate the impact of the media on public opinion, lobbying organisations view the media as essential in influencing public perceptions of the conflict and, therefore, as paramount in influencing and securing favorable public policy in relation to the conflict.
The energy value of coal, or the fuel content, is the amount of potential energy in coal that can be converted into actual heating ability.
While chemistry provides methods of calculating the heating value of a certain amount of a substance, there is a difference between this theoretical value and its application to real coal.
Mount Tai () is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Tai'an, in Shandong province, China.
Mount Tai has been a place of worship for at least 3,000 years and served as one of the most important ceremonial centers of China during large portions of this period.
Mount Tai is located in western Shandong, just north of the city of Tai'an and to the south of the provincial capital Jinan.
During this time, two cultures had emerged near the mountain, the Dawenkou culture to the south and the Longshan culture to the north.
During the Xia Dynasty (c. 2070–1600 ) the mountain was known as Mount Dai () and lay within the borders of Qingzhou, one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China.
Religious worship of Mount Tai has a tradition dating back 3,000 years, from the time of the Shang (c. 1600–1046 ) to the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).
The sacrifices were an official imperial rite and Mount Tai became one of the principal places where the emperor would carry out the sacrifices to pay homage to heaven (on the summit) and earth (at the foot of the mountain) in the Feng () and Shan () sacrifices respectively.
By the time of the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 ) sacrifices at Mount Tai had become highly ritualized ceremonies in which a local feudal lord would travel there to make sacrifices of food and jade ritual items.
In the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 ) the vassal states of Qi and Lu bordered Mount Tai to the north and south respectively, from where their feudal lords both made independent sacrifices on Mount Tai.
In the ensuing Warring States period (475–221 ), to protect itself against invasion, the State of Qi erected a wall, the ruins of which are still present today.
In 219 , Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, held a ceremony on the summit and proclaimed the unity of his empire in a well-known inscription.
Japan, India, the Persian court in exile, Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, the Turks, Khotan, the Khmer, and the Umayyad Caliphate all had representatives attending the Feng and Shan sacrifices held by Emperor Gaozong of Tang in 666 at Mount Tai.
A renovation project was completed in late October 2005, which aimed at restoring cultural relics and renovating damaged buildings of cultural significance.
Widely known for its special ceremonies and sacrifices, Mount Tai has seen visits by many poets and literary scholars who have traveled there to gain inspiration.
There are grandiose temples, many stone inscriptions and stone tablets with the mountain playing an important role in the development of both Buddhism and Taoism.
The uplift of the region started in the Proterozoic Era; by the end of the Proterozoic, it had become part of the continent.
Geologically, it is a tilted fault-block mountain, higher to the south than north, and is the oldest and most important example of the paleo-metamorphic system representative of the Cambrian Period in eastern China.
Referred to as the Taishan Complex, it comprises magnetized, metamorphic, sedimentary rock and an intrusive mass of various origins that were formed in the Archean Era 1700-2000 million years ago.
Subsequently, in the Proterozoic Era, the Taishan region began to rise, becoming part of the continent by the end of the era.
Six streams flow from the summit, their water renowned for its extremely low mineral content, slight acidity (pH = 6.3) and relatively high oxygen content (6.4 milligrams per liter (mg/l)).
Medicinal plants total 462 species and include multiflower knotweed, Taishan ginseng, Chinese gromwell and sealwort, which are renowned throughout the country.
According to historical records, Mount Tai became a sacred place visited by emperors to offer sacrifices and meditate in the Zhou Dynasty before 1,000 BC.
Songzi Niangniang () is seen as a goddess of fertility, like Yanguang Nainai, she is often portrayed as an attendant to Bixia Yuanjun.
Shi Gandang () is a spirit sent down from Mount Tai by Bixia Yuanjun to protect ordinary people from evil spirits.
Culturally, there will also often be Taishan Shi Gandang stones set up near buildings and other places, in order to protect those place from evil spirits.
It is located at the foot of Mount Tai in the city of Tai'an and covers an area of 96,000 square meters.
Since the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), its design has been a replica of the imperial palace, which makes it one out of three extant structures in China with the features of an imperial palace (the other two are the Forbidden City and the Confucius Temple in Qufu).
The mural extends around the eastern, western and northern walls of the hall and is 3.3 metres high and 62 metres long.
Next to the Palace of Heavenly Blessings stand the Yaocan Pavilion and the entrance archway as well as the Bronze Pavilion in the northeast corner.
From the Taishan Temple to the Blue Dawn Temple there are numerous stone tablets and inscriptions and ancient buildings on the way.
From the red gate at the foot of the mountain to the South Heaven Gate at the top are some 6,660 stone steps, which wind their way up the mountain slopes, each step offering a different view.
A flight of 7,200 total steps (including inner temple steps), with 6,293 Official Mountain Walkway Steps, lead up the East Peak of Mount Tai, along its course, there are 11 gates, 14 archways, 14 kiosks, and 4 pavilions.
In total, there are 22 temples, 97 ruins, 819 stone tablets, and 1,018 cliff-side and stone inscriptions located on Mount Tai.
These include a Temple of the Jade King (), a Temple of the Blue Deity (), a Temple of Confucius (), a Temple of Doumu () and the Puzhao Buddhist Temple ().
It was written by a member of the Aisin Gioro clan () in 1907 and is featured on the reverse side of the 5 yuan bill of the 5th series renminbi banknotes.
Legend has it that the emperor who commissioned the stela was dissatisfied with the planned inscription and decided to leave it blank instead.
The supplies for the many vendors along the road to the summit are carried up by porters either from the Midway Gate to Heaven or all the way up from the foot of the mountain.
On the way up the 7,200 stone steps, the climber first passes the Ten Thousand Immortals Tower (Wanxianlou), Arhat Cliff (Luohanya), and Palace to Goddess Dou Mu (Doumugong).
To the northeast of the Palace to Goddess Dou Mu is Sutra Rock Valley in which the Buddhist Diamond Sutra was cut in characters measuring fifty centimeters across believed to be inscribed in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The list is sorted by major drainage basin, running from north to south along the Atlantic coast, with respective tributaries arranged based on their entry into the main stream from mouth to source.
Thus Pohjola can be thought of as a purely abstract place, a literary trope standing as the source of evil — a foreboding, a forever cold land far in the north.
The great smith Seppo Ilmarinen forges the Sampo at her request as a payment for the hand of her daughter in marriage.
The Sampo is a magic mill of plenty like the Cornucopia, which churns out abundance, but its churning lid has also been interpreted as a symbol of the celestial vault of the heavens, embedded with stars, revolving around a central axis or the pillar of the world.
When the proposer finally gets the daughter, weddings and great drinking and eating parties are held at the great hall of Pohjola.
Klang or Kelang, officially Royal Town of Klang (), is a royal town and former capital of the state of Selangor, Malaysia.
It was the civil capital of Selangor in an earlier era prior to the emergence of Kuala Lumpur and the current capital, Shah Alam.
Port Klang, which is located in the Klang District, is the 12th busiest transshipment port and the 12th busiest container port in the world.
As of 2010, the Klang City has a total population of 240,016 (10,445 in the city centre), while the population of Klang District is 842,146, and the population of all towns managed by Klang Municipal Council is 744,062.
Bronze Age drums, axes and other artefacts have been found in the vicinity of the town and within the town itself.
Klang however remained in Malay hands after the fall of Melaka to the Portuguese in 1511, and was controlled by the Sultan Johor-Riau.
In the 17th century, the Bugis began to settle in the coastal region of Selangor including Klang, and the Selangor sultanate was created in the 1766, which then controlled Klang.
In the 19th century the importance of Klang greatly increased by the rapid expansion of tin mining as a result of the increased demand for tin from the West.
The desire to control the Klang Valley led directly to the Klang War (also called the Selangor Civil War) of 1867–1874 when Raja Mahdi fought to regain what he considered his birthright as territorial chief against Raja Abdullah.
During the Klang War, in 1868, the seat of power was moved to Bandar Temasya, Kuala Langat, and then to Jugra which became the royal capital of Selangor.
Today Klang is no longer State capital or the main seat of the ruler, but it remains the headquarters of the District to which it gives it name.
Until the construction of Port Swettenham (now known as Port Klang) in 1901, Klang remained the chief outlet for Selangor's tin, and its position was enhanced by the completion of the Klang Valley railway to Bukit Kuda in 1886, which was then connected to Klang itself via a rail bridge, the Connaught Bridge, completed in 1890.
In the 1890s its growth was further stimulated by the development of the district into the State' leading producer of coffee, and later rubber.
In 1903, the royal seat was moved back to Klang when it became the official seat of Sultan Sulaiman (Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah).
The first road bridge over the Klang River connecting the two parts of the town, the Belfield Bridge, was constructed in 1908.
In 1926 the health boards of Klang and Port Swettenham were merged, and in 1945 the local authority was renamed Klang Town Board.
In 1954, the Town Board became the Klang Town Council after a local election was set up to select its members in accordance with the Local Government Election Ordinance of 1950.
In 1963, the Port Klang Authority was created and it now administers three Port Klang areas: Northport, Southpoint, and West Port.
In 1971, the Klang District Council, which incorporated the nearby townships of Kapar and Meru as well as Port Klang, was formed.
After undergoing a further reorganisation according to the Local Government Act of 1976 (Act 171), Klang District Council was upgraded to Klang Municipal Council (KMC) on 1 January 1977.
From 1974 to 1977, Klang was the state capital of Selangor before the seat of government shifted to Shah Alam in 1977.
The entire geographical area in the immediate vicinity of the river, which begins at Kuala Lumpur and runs west all the way to Port Klang, is known as the Klang Valley.
North Klang is divided into three sub-districts which are Kapar (Located at the north of North Klang), Rantau Panjang (situated at the west of North Klang) and Meru (at the east of North Klang).
Klang North used to be the main commercial centre of Klang, but since 2008, more residential and commercial areas as well as government offices are being developed in Klang South.
Hence, this area tends to be busier and becomes the centre of social and recreational activities after office hours and during the weekends.
This is triggered by the rapid growth of new and modern townships such as Bandar Botanic, Bandar Bukit Tinggi, Taman Sentosa Perdana, Taman Sri Andalas, Taman Bayu Perdana, Glenmarie Cove, Kota Bayuemas etc.
At the Klang North side, some of the older and established residential areas include Berkeley Garden, Taman Eng Ann, Taman Klang Utama, Bandar Baru Klang and so forth.
The economy of Klang is closely linked with that the greater Klang Valley conurbation which is the most densely populated, urbanised and industrialised region of Malaysia.
There is a wide range of industries within the Klang municipality, major industrial areas may be found in Bukit Raja, Kapar, Meru, Taman Klang Utama and Sungai Buloh, Pulau Indah, Teluk Gong and others.
Rubber used to be an important part of the economy of the region, but from the 1970s onwards, many rubber plantations have switched to palm oil, and were then converted again for urban development and infrastructure use.
It is home to about 95 shipping companies and agents, 300 custom brokers, 25 container storage centres, as well as more than 70 freight and transport companies.
The Port Klang Free Zone was established in 2004 to transform Port Klang into a regional distribution hub as well as a trade and logistics centre.
The 1957 and 1970 figures are for the Klang district and were collected before the reorganisation of Klang and the Bumiputra status being used as a category.
The figure for Klang city is not given as what constitutes Bandar Klang appears to be inconsistent with considerable fluctuation in numbers over the years.
Among the Chinese community, there are the Ang Bin Hoey triad gangs such as Gang 21 which operates in Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley.
Due to economic development and changes in the industry, many rubber estates where Indian plantation workers used to live and work were closed, and this is thought to have contributed to a rise of gangsterism amongst the displaced and economically-deprived Indians.
It is thought that the Indians originally worked for Chinese gang leaders but they now dominate many of these criminal organisations.
Klang is served by five commuter stations that constitute the Port Klang Line of the KTM Komuter system, namely Bukit Badak, Kampung Raja Uda, Klang, Teluk Pulai and the Teluk Gadung stations.
Klang is connected to the rest of the Klang Valley via the Federal Highway, the New Klang Valley Expressway, South Klang Valley Expressway, the North Klang Straits Bypass (New North Klang Straits Bypass) as well as the KESAS Highway.
There is a non-stop hourly bus service everyday from and to KLIA2 to Klang, of which the embarkation point is located at the AEON Bukit Tinggi Shopping Centre.
The double-decked bridge now closed to car traffic after a new Kota Bridge was built alongside it in the 1992, although the lower deck is still used by pedestrians, bicycles and motorcycles.
The RM199 million Klang Third Bridge was opened for traffic in May 2017, complementing the existing two other road bridges in the city that connect Klang North and Klang South.
Klang is incomplete without Indian restaurants because Klang has one of the best Indian restaurant in the state especially in the federal area, many Indian restaurants located in the Little India as the restaurants visited by not only Indians moreover by Malay and Chinese too.
Banana leaf rice, Chicken and Mutton Briyani, Chicken Tandoori, Idiyappam, Idli and so on are the cuisine people craving for lunch and dinner can get easily in here.
The coastal regions and islands near Port Klang are also known for their seafood, such as Pulau Ketam, Bagan Hailam, Teluk Gong, Pandamaran and Tanjung Harapan.
He is voiced by Seth Green and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in a 15-minute short on December 20, 1998.
Originally designed as a somewhat gregarious, yet still unintelligent teenager, Chris became more awkward and idiotic over the course of the show.
Running gags in the series involving Chris include the existence of an 'Evil Monkey' in his closet (though it is later revealed that the monkey is not evil), him masturbating frequently, and his pedophile admirer Herbert.
Aside from that, Chris deals with problems that any other pubescent male would face: acne, girls, distance from family members, and school.
Chris is often willing to take drastic measures to get what he wants or needs, particularly when it comes to keeping up with his grades in school.
He once believed that he got a bad grade on a mathematics test when he tickled his brain by sticking an army man's rifle into his nose and accidentally puncturing a lobe.
However, Chris is a faster learner and more well-endowed than his father Peter is, as he has a variety of talents, such as filmmaking, video editing, etc.
Unlike Peter, Chris enjoys his sister Meg's company, and the two are frequently shown to get along very nicely, much to Lois's relief.
Up until sometime during the sixth season, Chris was more socially active at school than his sister Meg, having various friends, including several girls, while attending Buddy Cianci Junior High School, and later for sometime at James Woods Regional High School.
Strangely though, as the series progressed and Meg became more often seen with her group of friends, Chris' social status was stripped to the point of being unpopular and virtually friendless at James Woods Regional High School.
While just as socially looked down upon as Meg (though to a lesser extent of being bullied), he is outwardly confident and spirited, mostly when dealing with the typical hardships of being a teenager, such as running for Homecoming King, standing up to bullies, lashing out against his pushy and demanding date, and acting out against Peter's hurtful ways.
Later in the episode, however, Chris' popularity turns him mean and shallow, and he dumps Connie after making out with two other girls at a house party.
Although their friendship is initially a ploy for Neil to get closer to Meg, Neil eventually feels bad for using Chris and returns to him to resume their friendship.
This, however, causes a rift between Chris and Peter when the former realizes that the monkey cares more for him than his father.
After that, the monkey happily moves out of Chris' closet to live in the closet of Tom Tucker's son Jake, where the cycle will start in a new beginning, as Jake himself experiences difficulty with his father.
These taunts give Chris—in character as Skywalker—the conviction to fight back against Stewie/Darth Vader and Carter/Darth Sidious (both played by MacFarlane).
Inherent design flaws in early 17th century Swedish leather cannons led to the gun tube overheating which prematurely ignited the gunpowder, injuring the loader.
Muzzle-loading cannon on merchant and naval vessels of the Age of Sail would cook off if their guns were loaded when the vessels caught fire.
If the kindling point of the propellant is eventually reached it will burn even though the primer has not been struck, thus firing the chambered round.
The time this takes depends on the temperature of the chamber and of the environment, but is usually several seconds, although if caused deliberately may be very fast.
Most modern infantry assault rifles fire from a closed bolt, meaning that when ready to fire, there is a round in the chamber of the barrel and the bolt and working parts are in the forward position, closing the breech.
Assuming proper operation (no stoppages) a cook off is possible with this design because a cartridge is kept chambered in the potentially hot chamber, where it can absorb enough heat to cause ignition of its propellant.
Apart from the possibility to cook off the heated propellant requires a special formula to allow for consistent muzzle velocity throughout all temperatures.
Caseless ammunition eliminates the metal case that typically holds the primer or igniter and the powder charge (smokeless powder) that propels the bullet.
The current technique, used in tanks such as the M1 Abrams, is to armor the compartments and provide blow-off panels to channel the force of the explosion to the exterior of the tank and prevent the jack-in-the-box effect.
This was a significant contributor to the 1967 fire disaster aboard the , when such a fire (set off by an inadvertently fired Zuni rocket striking the fuel tanks of a waiting A-4 Skyhawk) detonated two unguided bombs of Korean War vintage which had been loaded onto the stricken bomber, rupturing the fuel tanks of adjacent aircraft and setting off a chain reaction of similarly cooked off bombs.
Because of the age and condition of the first two bombs, the fire safety crew was unable to cool them before they cooked off, which should have been possible for contemporary weapons with higher cook-off temperatures.
A different sort of cook-off event was the trigger for the 1969 explosion and fire aboard the , which also involved a Zuni rocket.
The Ming dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644, succeeding the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and falling amidst much peasant turmoil to the Manchu-ruled Qing dynasty.
A series of claimants to the Ming throne continued to claim the throne of what was known as the Southern Ming until the last was executed in 1662.
According to the rules of the imperial house, the first character of the names of Ming princes is a generation name, while the second character contains a character radical that cycles through the five elements of Chinese philosophy, namely, 木 (wood) 火 (fire) 土 (earth) 金 (metal) 水 (water), starting from the generation after imperial founder Zhu Yuanzhang.
He began playing in bands starting in the sixth grade, generally in the role of lead singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist, and also wrote music reviews for a number of publications.
DeMatteis had mixed feelings about the series itself, and said the one part of which he was unreservedly proud was the look into Namor's years as an amnesiac homeless man.
The arc has been collected in multiple editions and remains one of the most popular, and respected, stories in Spider-Man's history.
Although the League had its serious side and often faced world-threatening villains, the stories included such characters as the lovably inept G'nort, the worst Green Lantern in the Green Lantern Corps, Mr. Nebula, the interplanetary decorator, the Injustice League, a bunch of bumbling losers and a flock of homicidal penguins who had been hybridized with piranhas.
In the 2000s, DeMatteis redefined the Spectre, through the character of Hal Jordan, as a spirit of redemption rather than of vengeance.
Originally broadcasting only to Launceston and Northern Tasmania, it has broadcast to the whole of Tasmania since aggregation of the Tasmanian television market in 1994.
A shortened version of the day's bulletin is upload by the station's YouTube channel, featuring only local news and sport reports alongside weather forecasts.
For the ten weeks leading up to the Burnie Ten, Mark Connelly trains a group of people in a program sponsored by Seven Tasmania.
In the early years of the program, people who took part were well known in Tasmania, however in 2006, a Launceston family were trained to run the event.
In the 1990s, the station aired Network Ten's daily sports program Sports Tonight as part of its dual-affiliation, however this was eventually replaced by Seven's current affairs program, Today Tonight.
The station is affiliated with the metropolitan Seven Network and also broadcasts most of Seven's sub-channels (7TWO, 7mate, 7flix, Openshop, and Racing.com).
Following aggregation in 1994, the station was a combined Seven and Ten affiliate, however the Ten content was gradually removed from the schedule in the late 2000s following the launch of digital-only station TDT in 2003.
He has also held fellowships and visiting appointments at a number of institutions, including the University of California, Berkeley, the City University of New York, Aarhus University, and Dartmouth College.
He has written numerous books and papers on literary theory, continental philosophy, philosophy of music, philosophy of language and philosophy of science.
More recently, he has been focussing on the work of Alain Badiou in relation with both the analytic tradition (particularly analytic philosophy of mathematics) and with the philosophy of Derrida.
However, if the code is written to end on a base case of size 1, rather than terminating on either size 1 or size 2, rounding the 2/3 of 2 upwards gives an infinite number of calls.
From this point of view, someone who is not fully hearing has a hearing loss or is said to be hard of hearing or deaf.
Moving down the scale and further away from the medical norm, people are classed as hearing, then slightly hard of hearing, moderately hard of hearing, severely hard of hearing, and finally deaf (severely deaf or profoundly deaf for those furthest from the norm).
This being the case, a single person could be described as hearing by one person and Deaf by another because the first person was thinking simply about the subject's sensitivity to sound whereas the other person was thinking, partially about the persons ability to rely on residual hearing, but also about their personal views, their identity, or perhaps their ignorance of cultural norms.
It was updated daily, with there being only 29 days without a comic in its seven years of production and with 2568 comics being made altogether.
The initial strips were mostly done in GIF format (occasionally using JPEG for more graphic-intensive comics) before converting to PNG in May 2004.
Amongst past story arcs there have been retellings of various Mega Man games (which often play out quite differently from the originals), as well as battles against powerful foes.
In addition, many of the story arcs involve either time travel, dimensional travel, and villains who want to kill all the characters.
Slated to start on April 1, 2000, the plan fell through because Anez did not have a scanner with which to scan his drawings.
He instead released a sequence of filler comics using Mega Man sprites, which he intended to be a temporary measure until he gained access to a scanner, at which point he would implement his initial plan involving the hand drawn comics.
Neither the initial attempt nor a later attempt at it went well, and both times he returned to the Mega Man sprite comic.
Dave stated the reason for this is he realized that he still could not draw, and was not going to get any better.
Bob is depicted as a gray Proto Man recolor while George is a Mega Man recolor with blond hair and no helmet.
David planned to end the comic by April 1, 2007, which is the end of the seventh year of the comic's run.
The plot of Bob and George involves various re-tellings of the plot from the Mega Man video games, interspersed with the characters interacting and sometimes battling villains of Anez's own creation.
Time travel and inter-dimensional travel are common occurrences, with many of the characters hailing from dimensions (or times) other than that of the main continuity.
A running theme of the comic is that most, if not all, of the characters are fully aware that they are in a webcomic.
sometimes credited Little Jack Little, was a British-born American composer, singer, pianist, actor, and songwriter whose songs were featured in several movies.
Forno earned a Bachelor's degree in international relations from American University in 1994, a Master's Degree in international relations from Salve Regina University in 2002, and a PhD degree in Internet studies from Curtin University of Technology in 2010.
Dr. Forno is Graduate Program Director for University of Maryland's Cybersecurity Program, co-founder of the Maryland Cyber Challenge & Conference, and a Visiting Scientist at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University.
Forno writes and publishes on his web site articles on technology, computer security, and politics, roughly at the rate of one every two weeks.
Toward the beginning of the essay, Forno lists a series of news articles, mostly from CNET News.com, that describe inadequacies in the Federal Government's computer security.
The New Guard was a short-lived Australian monarchist, anti-communist, and later fascist-inspired organisation which emerged from the Sydney-based Old Guard on 16 February 1931, during the Great Depression.
The organisation attracted great publicity when member Francis de Groot, on horseback and at Campbell's direction, upstaged Lang in cutting the ribbon at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in protest at the latter's anti-monarchist ideology.
In response to Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang's radical agenda and maverick style within the Australian political sphere, coupled with rising pressure from trade unionists, counter-movements began to rise in opposition to the Labor Party.
Among them was the Old Guard, a secret organisation purported to exist as early as 1917, which at the time of the Great Depression was administrated primarily by businessmen Roger Goldfinch and Robert Gillespie, among other anonymous committee members.
The Old Guard was a coalition of imperial loyalists, devoted to the British Empire and ready to act preemptively to prevent a socialist revolution from taking place.
At the height of its popularity the organisation enjoyed close ties with the NSW Police Force, Attorney-General’s Department and the Department of Defence, and boasted 30,000 members comprising strongly of rural New South Welshmen and wealthy Protestant Anglo-Saxons.
Among the Old Guard's members was World War I veteran Eric Campbell, an army officer and former gunner with the First Australian Imperial Force.
Campbell had been introduced to the Old Guard by John Scott, a fellow member of the board of Sydney insurance company Sun Insurance.
The organisation was sworn to absolute secrecy of membership, and was divided into cells so that its leadership would be hard to identify.
Campbell disagreed with this arrangement, asserting that the uncommunicative nature of its leadership to its members, mostly returned servicemen, was ill-fitting to their nature as soldiers.
A week after Campbell's resignation, he and others from the Old Guard agreed, in mid-February, to form a separate body which would be diametrically opposed to the Old Guard’s secrecy and what they considered its inaction.
The New Guard was officially formed on 16 March 1931, built on a common ideological system of monarchism, classic liberalism and anti-communism.
During the initial growth of the movement, Campbell was able to attract many ex-soldiers and ex-commanders to the movement, with ex-military making up the majority of the group's membership, including the likes of early aviator Charles Kingsford Smith and North Sydney Mayor Hubert Primrose.
He claimed that, in an 'emergency', it could maintain essential services including Bunnerong power house and the police attested to the Guard's efficiency.
With a peak membership of over 50,000, the Guard rallied in public, broke up 'Communist' meetings, drilled, vilified the Labor Party and demanded the deportation of Communists.
Campbell and his New Guard proceeded to secure connections and weapons so that, in the event of a statewide communist revolt in which the police had become ineffective, he could seize control of essential services and keep them operational.
An attempt to clothe its members in uniforms failed, however, when the Guard could not go through with its order for lack of funds.
Assisted by motorcar, the New Guard developed a strategy where they would regularly disrupt left-wing workers' meetings and New guard members spent much of the summer of 1932 driving around doing so.
On 13 February 1932, 700 New Guardsmen practised military drills in Belmore and a number of journalists who attempted to document the drills were assaulted.
A few days later, 13 members of the New Guard were arrested after violently disrupting a political meeting in Coffs Harbour.
De Groot had stated that he 'felt that, the best reply to force, was greater force' and by May 1932 Campbell had started inciting street brawls, and came close to staging a coup d'etat against the Lang government.
Against this backdrop the state Labor party formed a number of militias including the Workers' Defence Army (WDA), the Labor Defence Corps (LDC) and Lang's supporters had formed the Australian Labor Army (ALA).
Street fights between Lang's Labor Army and fascist paramilitary groups including Sir Thomas Blamey's Victorian-based White Army and the New Guard became increasingly common as the New Guard attempted to discredit the left by starting brawls or other breaches of the peace.
Though the New Guard sought to work as a supplement to the police in the event of a socialist revolution, they were oftentimes opposed under orders from the Lang government.
As an exercise the New Guard attempted to measure the strength of the Sydney police force by organising many small unapproved street meetings across the city in an attempt to stretch their men thin.
According to a contact Campbell had in the NSW Police Force, the police were reporting large street gatherings and were requesting reinforcements from all over the city.
The New Guard declared that Lang would not perform the ceremony, with Campbell calling Lang a 'tyrant and scoundrel' and declaring that Lang would never open the Harbour Bridge.
During the opening ceremony army officer and zone commander Francis de Groot upstaged Jack Lang by slashing the ceremonial ribbon with his sword.
De Groot was supplied with a horse by fellow New Guardsmen Albert Reichard and he rode to the ceremony in his World War I 15th Hussars uniform, managing to slash the ribbon before Lang.
The Mayor of North Sydney, Hubert Primrose, an official participant at the opening ceremony, was also a member of the New Guard.
On 6 May 1932, Trades and Labour Council secretary John (Jock) Garden, an influential member of Lang's inner circle, was assaulted by members a New Guard faction known as the Fascist Legion.
Along with an inner faction of the New Guard’s involvement in orchestrating the bashing of Communist Party of Australia founder Jock Garden, the New Guard began to lose popularity as the organisation’s purpose was perceived as having been fulfilled.
The activities of militant splinter groups emerging from the New Guard, such as the Fascist Legion, also contributed to a rush of resignations which began even before Lang's dismissal.
With their main objective complete – the removal of Lang from office – the New Guard continued to lose members as it drifted into the mid 1930s.
Even de Groot left the organisation in November 1932 to pursue collaboration with the Melbourne-based League of National Security by which the White Army was also known.
Though the New Guard bore resemblance to the militant Blackshirts in Italy, its strong adherence to individualism found it disqualified it from this definition.
Campbell was curious to learn about fascism from the source however, so in 1933 during an overseas business trip, he met with Sir Oswald Mosley and wife Lady Cynthia at their London home to discuss the matter.
His experience was overall positive, and while unimpressed with the members of Mosley’s British Union of Fascists, he was reminded of his own New Guardmen when he attended an Imperial Fascist League meeting.
With Mosley’s recommendations he later progressed to Berlin where, unable to meet Chancellor of Germany Adolf Hitler, he was able to see Foreign Affairs Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, as well as Alfred Rosenberg.
In Rome he was likewise unable to see Mussolini, instead meeting with Secretary Achille Starace, though their mutual unintelligibility and failure to use French as a medium was no use.
While initially satisfied by the prospects of a United Australia Party-led purging of communism and other socialistic and anti-communist dogmas from the continent, Campbell had realised that the central tenets of the New Guard could not be fulfilled due to those politicians’ ineffectiveness in bringing them about.
Due to a lack of time needed to organise the campaign, the party did not contest the September 1934 federal election.
At the May 1935 New South Wales state election, the Centre Party contested five out of the 90 Legislative Assembly districts, all in suburban Sydney, and polled 0.60 percent of the total vote.
In two seats, Hornsby, contested by Fergus Munro, and Lane Cove, contested by Campbell, only the Centre Party and the United Australia Party fielded candidates, with the former polling over 15 percent of the vote in both seats.
In Arncliffe, the only seat that required a preference distribution, the majority (56.78%) of Centre Party preferences flowed to the United Australia candidate, Horace Harper, who was defeated by Labor's Joseph Cahill, a future premier.
Enoch Jones, the candidate for Arncliffe, later served as a City of Rockdale councillor, and contested the seat of Rockdale for the Liberal Democrats at the 1944 state election.
Additionally, Aubrey Murphy, the candidate in Concord, served on two occasions as mayor of the Blue Mountains City Council in the 1950s, and was named an MBE in the 1960 New Year Honours.
With the exception of occasional speaking engagements, Campbell himself largely withdrew from public life following the election, and spent most of the rest of his life in country New South Wales, where he was president of the Burrangong Shire Council in 1949 and 1950 (now part of Young Shire).
Though the New Guard’s ideology began to differ from the Old Guard’s over time, the primary differences between the Guards were more in their pragmatics rather than ideology.
The two groups remained very similar in their values and purposes, their distaste for selfish machine politics, their extremist/socialist targets, and even to some extent in their methods.
One difficulty in assessing the New Guard's impact in comparison to that of the Old Guard is that other separate but similar groups were also active, so that it was not always easy to assign responsibility for particular activities.
In the countryside many groups, including the Riverina Movement, protesting against perceived neglect, saw possible escape from Sydney domination and an opportunity to dissociate themselves from the New South Welshmen that had chosen their fate under Lang.
Behind the scenes a well connected Old Guard exercised considerable influence within such groups, through a network of relationships with traditional country institutions.
At its inception, the administrative structure of the New Guard consisted of an Organising Committee lead by a Chairman with powers to add more committee members by way of a unanimous vote.
This committee would be tasked with the recruitment of members and their separation by localities across the Sydney and regional New South Wales areas.
The area of Greater Sydney would be broken down into four independent Zones: A Zone, consisting of the land north of Sydney Harbour; B Zone, covering the Eastern Suburbs as well as from the coastline down to Maroubra; C Zone, incorporating the Southern Suburbs down to and including the Sutherland Shire; and D Zone, including the Western Suburbs to the west of Parramatta.
As part of Campbell’s practical democratic solution, each Locality would operate as independent units where a few hundred New Guardsmen would select for themselves a Locality Commanders and Administrator to handle affairs, and each Locality would frequently meet at Locality Conventions to discuss and vote on matters.
The Locality Commanders of each Division would select Divisional Commanders, and said Divisional Commanders would meet to pick the Zone Commander for their respective Zone.
Divisional and Zone Commanders would only assume active command positions when more than one of their respective subdivisions were active in a particular objective, therefore making Localities especially independent in the operation of the New Guard.
The executive branch of the New Guard was the General Council, consisting of the leading Chief Commander and four Zone Commanders with equal voting power.
The General Council was only to make decisions regarding major executive matters, and questions regarding routine and defensive emergencies would be directed to the Chief Commander, or Deputy Chief Commander if the former was absent.
During the period of structural preparation the Chief Commander was to not interfere in the movement’s formation, and only assume complete executive involvement once the Locality system was completely established.
To put checks on the General Council’s power, Campbell formed the Council of Action, consisting of the Chief Commander and Divisional Commanders; the Chief Commander would be deprived of a vote.
Intelligence on the New Guard’s political rivals would be collected by the individual Localities and submitted to the Chief of the Intelligence Branch for collation.
As Campbell allowed considerable independence for the Localities and permitted members to associate freely with any political party so long that the New Guard’s central values were upheld, splinter groups such as the Fascist Legion (also known as the Pack of Cards) formed.
Legion members wore Ku Klux Klan-style gowns and hoods at their own internal meetings in order to guarantee anonymity, adopting pseudonyms based on particular playing cards in a standard 52-card deck (excluding queens).
Besides investigating disloyalty and laxity within the New Guard, they purportedly engaged in targeted operations such as the aforementioned attack on Jock Garden.
The activity of splinter groups such as the Fascist Legion contributed to the bleeding of members in the lead-up to Lang’s dismissal by Sir Philip Game.
Standards for New Guard membership had prospective members picked irrespective of class, financial situation or party affiliations, so long as they were of good character.
A member was not kept within the organisation against their will, as they could leave at any time for any reason.
A report conducted by the NSW Police in September 1931 found 87,000 had sought membership and by December of the same year there were 39,000 card-carrying members – with 3,000 residing in the country centres of regional NSW.
For practical reasons, Campbell’s internal estimations of membership count focused on those that the New Guard could rely on in the event of a socialist revolution.
For propaganda reasons, New Guard membership was often publicly exaggerated, as when Campbell foreshadowed a procession of 100,000 men along Macquarie Street to present a petition to Sir Game.
The New South Wales Police Force (NSW Police Force; previously the New South Wales Police Service and New South Wales Police) is the primary law enforcement agency of the state of New South Wales, Australia.
Divided into Police Area Commands (PACs), for metropolitan areas of NSW and Police Districts (PDs), for regional and country areas of NSW, the NSW Police Force consists of more than 500 local police stations and covers an area of 801,600 square kilometres in a state of some eight million people.
Under the Police Regulation Act, 1862, the organisation of the NSW Police Force was formally established in 1862 with the unification of all existing independent police units in the state.
The Royal Commission uncovered hundreds of instances of corruption including: bribery, money laundering, drug trafficking, and falsifying of evidence by police.
The police commissioner, Tony Lauer, resigned as the level of corruption in the service became clear and his own position untenable.
Wide-ranging reforms occurred as a result of the recommendations of the Royal Commission, including the establishment of a permanent Police Integrity Commission.
The New South Wales Police Force has existed in various forms since the foundation of the colony of New South Wales at Sydney in 1788.
In order to protect the infant town against thieves and petty criminals after dark, Governor Arthur Phillip authorised the formation of a nightwatch in August 1789, consisting of eight of the best-behaved convicts.
After his appointment as the new governor of New South Wales, Governor Lachlan Macquarie restructured the police force in January 1811, setting up a basic system of ranks and control and recruiting free men into the force instead of convicts.
After the conflict in 1824 with the Wiradjuri people around Bathurst and Mudgee, British authorities recognised the need for a mounted force to maintain control in frontier areas.
By this stage, the NSW government could not afford the cost of maintaining the Mounted Police along the expanding frontiers of the colony.
The Border Police was funded by a levy placed on the squatters who had brought livestock into the areas beyond the borders of settlement.
In addition to controlling the Aboriginal and bushranger threats, the Border Police were also tasked with resolving land disputes with the squatters.
With the end of convict transportation approaching, the Border Police was dissolved and replaced with another low cost frontier force called the Native Police.
Exploiting intertribal hostility, the duty of this force was mostly to crush any Aboriginal resistance to the spread of British settlement.
As the colony expanded, a more sophisticated form of crime management was called for; this involved unifying all the police units into a single cohesive police force with the centralisation of authority.
38 of 1850, unified control of the police eventuated in 1862 when the Police Regulation Act (1862) was passed, establishing the New South Wales Police Force.
The Police Regulation (Amendment) Act, passed in 1935, changed the official title to commissioner of police, with its role clearly defined.
In 1961, the year before the centenary of the Police Force, the number of members of the force increased to 5717, which rose to a total strength of 15,354 in November 2008.
After the formation of the New South Wales Police Force in 1862, most crimes were conducted by bushrangers, particularly during the Victorian gold rush years.
Constable Byrne almost single-handedly fought off the Ben Hall gang when they attacked a gold escort at Major's Creek on 13 March 1865.
Constable Ernest Charles Day (later the Inspector General of Police) showed courage under fire when he shot and captured bushranger Hobson, who was later hanged.
Day later investigated a string of murders involving a hawker, Tommy Moore, by tracing his activities to South Australia, solving one of Australia's earliest serial-killer cases.
In 1894 a number of unarmed police were seriously injured while attempting to arrest a group of offenders as they attempted to break open a safe in the Union Steamship Company Office in Bridge Street, Sydney.
Within 24 hours the premier announced that all police would wear firearms at all times while on duty to prevent the escape of felons and to place them on an equal footing with armed criminals.
Parliament subsequently passed legislation authorising the arming of all members of the NSW Police Force and all Police have carried firearms ever since.
NSW police officers have been involved in many notable events in the state's history, including APEC Australia 2007, the 1997 Thredbo landslide, Waterfall train disaster, Grafton bus crash, 1989 Newcastle earthquake, Sydney Hilton bombing, the arrest of serial killer Ivan Milat, the 2004 Redfern riots, the 2005 Macquarie Fields riots and the 2005 Cronulla riots.
In 1979, the NSW government of Neville Wran called on Justice Edwin Lusher, a judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales to chair a commission of inquiry into police administration.
In accordance with the Police Service Amendment (NSW Police) Bill in 2002, the New South Wales Police Service was then renamed again to simply New South Wales Police.
The then Minister for Police, Michael Costa, explains: In 2006, the Police Amendment (Miscellaneous) Bill resulted in a name change for the third time, renaming the New South Wales Police to New South Wales Police Force.
In June 1991, the State Protection Group (SPG) was formed, incorporating the former Special Weapons & Operations Section (SWOS), the Witness Security Unit, regional Tactical Response Groups and the Rescue Squad.
After much debate, the NSW Parliament passed the Police Service (Volunteer Police) Amendment Act, 1992, which sought to trial voluntary service within the police force, along the lines of the United Kingdom's special constabularies.
The successor to this scheme was the Volunteers in Policing (VIP) program which restricts volunteer participation to non-core administration and community tasks, without enforcement duties or other powers being granted.
Then Police Commissioner Tony Lauer resigned as the level of corruption within the service became clear, and his own position became untenable.
Wide-ranging reforms occurred as a result of the recommendations of the Royal Commission, including the establishment of a permanent Police Integrity Commission.
The terms of reference were to look into systemic and entrenched corruption within the New South Wales Police; towards the end of the Royal Commission it also investigated alleged paedophile activities within the police service.
Of particular note was the detective division of the Kings Cross patrol, of which almost all the senior ranks, including the chief detective, were involved in serious and organised corrupt activities, including taking regular bribes from major drug traffickers.
In 2003, Strike Force Emblems was established in response to allegations that warrants were improperly obtained during Operation Mascot, an investigation into police corruption in the late 1990s.
Nearly a decade later in October 2012, the New South Wales Government announced that the Ombudsman would investigate allegations concerning the conduct of officers in the NSW Police Force, the Crime Commission and the Police Integrity Commission in relation to the matters investigated in Strike Force Emblems which occurred between 1998 and 2002.
On 2 October 2015, 15-year-old Iraqi-Kurdish boy Farhad Khalil Mohammad Jabar shot dead Curtis Cheng, a 58-year-old accountant who worked for the NSW Police Force, outside their Parramatta headquarters.
As part of a restructure of the state's Crime Command, MEOCS will cease to exist as a separate squad in late 2017.
The current commissioner of the NSW Police Force is Mick Fuller, , who replaced Andrew Scipione, , on 31 March 2017, with Deputy Commissioner Dave Hudson, , Deputy Commissioner Max Mitchell, and Deputy Commissioner Jeff Loy, .
The Minister for Police & Emergency Services, David Elliott, is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales for the police portfolio.
Scipione extended his term as Commissioner at the request of Premier Mike Baird, and was expected to remain until July 2017.
Corporate Services is headed by the Deputy Commissioner (Corporate Services), who is charged with the management of recruitment and education, firearms, records and information process services, the Security Industry Registry, investment and commercial services, safety, business and technology services, human resources, education services, finance, public affairs and legal services.
Field Operations is headed by Deputy Commissioner (Field Operations), is responsible for managing and overseeing the Central Metropolitan, North West Metropolitan, South West Metropolitan, Northern, Southern and Western regions, and the Firearms Registry, Major Events and Incidents Group, and the State Crime Command.
It is responsible for a range of specialist groups, including Counter Terrorism & Special Tactics (including the State Protection Group, Forensic Services Group, Operational Communications & Information Command, Police Prosecutions Command, Public Affairs and Corporate Communications, Special Services Group, Traffic & Highway Patrol Command and Police Transport Command.
Founded in September 1825 by state governor Thomas Brisbane, the mounted police were recruited from a British military regiment stationed in NSW at the time, to protect travellers, suppress convict escapees and fight Indigenous Australians.
The unit was formed three years before the London Mounted Police and 38 years before the 1873 formation of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
The 34 horses used today are bay geldings (with the exception of two mares), 15.3 hands high or more, and include a number of former racehorses.
Following 12 months of satisfactory service and on completion of the associate degree of policing practice via distance education, the probationary constable is confirmed to the rank of constable.
Promotion to the rank of senior constable can be obtained after five years service and requires the officer to pass an examination which can cover a broad area of policing knowledge.
Leading Senior Constable is a rank that primarily sees an officer in a training role and belongs to a specific unit or duty type of which there is a limited number with progression to such being competitive and non-transferable.
If an LSC transfers from a unit or duty type (such as from highway patrol to general duties or vice versa) they revert to their original senior constable rank.
To be eligible for LSC an officer must have a minimum of 7 years service, be of the rank of senior constable and undergo a number of tests and selection processes in competition with other applicants.
Officers who qualify for a promotion list are given an eligibility mark and are ranked according to order of merit from the highest mark to the lowest.
Members seeking placement on a promotion list must have spent the requisite time at the rank below, which is at least two years, and must have successfully completed the relevant pre-qualifying assessment examinations, an applicant evaluation and must meet the eligibility program.
A new promotion list for each rank or grade is prepared each year, and an applicant who does not accept promotion can remain on a list only for three years before having to requalify for the list.
A detective sergeant is normally in charge of a team in a specific part of either a local area command detectives office or a specialist squad in the State Crime Command.
An inspector oversees sergeants and teams of constables and traditionally performs more administrative work, coordination of policing operations or specialist work.
However, while they do not lose their detective's designation if they leave full-time investigation duties, it is customary not to use their designation while performing general or other duties which are not an authorised investigative position.
There has been some consideration given by the police force in recent years to identify designated detectives performing uniform duties by way of a distinctive badge or uniform embellishment, but this has not been adopted.
New South Wales Police Force has two uniforms for general duties police officers, one operational (field dress) and one ceremonial (service dress).
Field dress consists of navy blue cargo pants with map pockets, ballooned at the bottom, light blue marle short or long sleeve shirt, navy blue baseball cap with blue and white Sillitoe Tartan, and black general purpose boots.
Service dress consists of general purpose boots, straight leg navy blue trousers, blue marle shirt, antron cap/hat and leather duty jacket.
Depending on rank, members may be issued with high-shine polishable lace-up leather boots for ceremonial occasions, similar to that worn by military personnel.
Officers wear a similar uniform when attending court proceedings, this is usually the full service dress both during summer and winter.
During ceremonial occasions, NSW Police Force College staff, New South Wales Police Force protocol and NSW Police Force field protocol officers generally wear a navy blue ceremonial tunic during official occasions such as attestation parades (passing out parades), medal ceremonies and funerals, etc.
Field protocol officers are issued with a light blue/navy blue lanyard to be worn over the right shoulder and tucked into the right pocket during ceremonial occasions.
Full-time protocol officers and members of the VIP cyclists are entitled to wear a black basketweave Sam Browne belt during ceremonial occasions.
New South Wales Police Force officers are also entitled to wear mess dress with mess kit for black tie or formal dinners/dances.
The dark navy blue trousers and mess jacket with cobalt blue cuffs, epaulettes (with ranks) and lapels clearly identify them as being members of the police.
Specialist units such as the Public Order and Riot Squad, Homicide Squad, Marine Area Command and the State Protection Group Tactical Operations Unit all have different uniform needs and are outfitted accordingly such as Rescue and Bomb Disposal Unit with their white overalls, Tactical Operations Unit (TOU) with black and Dog Squad with subdued blue.
During ANZAC day marches and United Nations Day marches in Sydney, police officers can be seen alongside their Australian Federal Police counterparts wearing the distinctive United Nations blue beret and full sized medals, if they have served with the Australian Federal Police in United Nations sanctioned peacekeeping operations.
After the work of Task Force ALPHA 1992 and the research testing and report done by senior constable Darren Stewart recommending the introduction of the Glock 22 superseding the Smith & Wesson .38 calbre model 10 with some specialist sections and plain clothes officers having either the smaller Glock 23 or Glock 27 models available in lieu of the standard model.
Members are also issued with a spare magazine for their pistol due to the murder of two officers at Crescent Head in 1995 when officers carried the Smith & Wesson Model 10 in .38 Special.
Specialist tactical units such as the full-time Tactical Operations Unit (and part-time regional State Protection Support Units) are equipped with a variety of specialised firearms for their duties.
The Public Order and Riot Squad are issued with a variety of specialist equipment for their roles including Colt M4 Carbine rifles.
In addition to the standard issue firearm, officers are issued with Saflock (mark IV & V) handcuffs, OC (capsicum spray), expandable baton, Motorola XTS3000/XTS5000/XTS2500 (Digital UHF) or Tait Orca (VHF) portable radio, and a first-aid kit.
Specialist tactical officers from elite units such as the State Protection Group and riot officers from the Public Order and Riot Squad have access to a variety of specialised weapons and equipment.
The NSW Police Force has issued TASER electronic control devices (ECDs) which generally are carried by one officer on every first response general duties vehicle.
Each TASER X26 issued to police includes an integrated camera to record all deployments of the device as well as any additional video while the device's safety is switched off.
In recent times, there has been a large movement within the police to implement changes in methods of equipment carry to relieve officers with back injuries.
As of 2010, the load-bearing vest has become increasingly prevalent amongst general duty officers and it is anticipated that this trend will continue.
It is believed that the vests are effective in relieving officers of chronic back pain, as it takes most of the weight away from the waist and back area, and distributes it across the frontal area of the officer's torso.
In 2017, a new load-bearing vest was introduced the Integrated Light Armour Vest (ILAV) that is level 2 ballistic rated and level 2 stab resistance rated which can be worn without armour and has the option of a hydration pack and a backpack.
Highway Patrol vehicles usually consist of a combination of marked and unmarked Holden Commodores SS's, Ford Falcon XR6's, BMW 530d's and Chrysler 300c SRT's, along with Volvo XC60s and Toyota Landcruisers in smaller numbers to conduct road policing in rural and alpine areas.
Other specialist sections and units use a variety of police vehicles including Iveco prisoner vans, Mercedes Sprinter vans, Isuzu trucks, specialist rescue and bomb disposal vehicles, two Lenco BearCat armoured trucks and various Suzuki Jimmy Beach Buggies.
With the domestic Australian production of the Ford Falcon and Holden Commodore ending in 2016/17, the Traffic and Highway Patrol Command sought for replacement vehicles that could meet the pursuit performance criteria.
Consequently, the Chrysler 300 SRT Core and BMW 530d were chosen to comprise most of the future Traffic and Highway Patrol fleet.
It provides services as: search and rescue, support for crime investigation, counter-terrorism, and helps with prevention and detection by keeping a visible presence patrolling the skies.
The aircraft are equipped with modern technology and specialist equipment including rescue winches, Nite sun searchlights (30 million candle power), forward-looking infra red (FLIR), high definition video camera system, microwave down-linking of live pictures, digital radio communications and advanced integrated touch screen digital glass cockpits with global positioning satellite (GPS) navigation systems.
The fixed wing Cessna 206H aircraft, callsign Polair 6, is primarily used for aerial speed enforcement along major freeways and highways in the State.
The much larger Cessna 208 Grand Caravan, callsign Polair 7, provides the police with a long-range heavy lift capability allowing for the transport of cargo, specialist equipment and personnel during extensive search and rescue incidents which is ideal for use in remote locations across the state.
Various other fixed-wing aircraft such as a leased Cessna 500 have been used for major operations including the APEC Australia 2007 security operation.
The Marine Area Command, formerly the Water Police, has responsibility for all coastal areas of NSW, and up to out to sea.
Police vessels and personnel are strategically located at important commercial and leisure ports with the base at Balmain on Sydney Harbour.
It has 123 operational water police, marine intelligence unit, marine crime prevention officer, divers, detectives and the marine operational support team, and employs six civilian engineers and 30 deck hands.
The new rigid-hulled inflatable boat have two 250 hp four-stroke outboard motors, with a speed of and a range of at , and are fitted with the latest navigation and communication equipment.
The New South Wales Police Academy (formerly known as the New South Wales Police College) occupies some 10 hectares at McDermott Drive in the regional town of Goulburn, southwest of Sydney.
Students are identified by a light blue hat band and light blue epaulettes with the word STUDENT (in block capitals, as here) as opposed to rank.
Examples are: the three-year Bachelor of Policing course (offered by the University of Western Sydney, or the Bachelor of Justice Studies (Policing) course of the same length offered also by Charles Sturt University (Bathurst Campus).
Both of these courses require the final portion to be completed at the Goulburn Police College, alongside common-entry recruits, for the practical components of policing education.
On 29 September 2006, Governor of New South Wales Marie Bashir presented the NSW Police Banner to the New South Wales Police Force at a ceremony adjacent to the NSW Police Force Roll of Honour at the Domain in Sydney, Australia.
Later that day, the banner led the NSW Police Force marching contingent at the dedication of the National Police Memorial in Canberra.
The commissioner and the VIP cyclists have a nemesis logo on a light blue over white bicolour pennant on their transportation.
Recognition for the bravery and sacrifice of members of the New South Wales Police Force is expressed through honours and awards.
The New South Wales Police Force was the first Australian Police jurisdiction to have one of its members awarded the Imperial Honour, namely the George Cross and the Australian Honour the Cross of Valour.
New South Wales Police Force also has the distinction in having one of its members being awarded the highest civilian bravery award, namely the Cross of Valour.
In its history, only five people have been awarded that award, with a New South Wales Police Officer being the first Australian Police Officer to receive it.
On 3 May 1996, the then Detective Senior Constable Sparkes rescued a boy trapped in a flooded underground storm water drain following record rainfalls at Coffs Harbour.
New South Wales Police Force also has a number of inservice Honours and Awards, awarded by the Commissioner of New South Wales Police Force.
Commissioner Peter Ryan QPM implemented the New South Wales Police Force Commissioner's Olympic Commendation and the New South Wales Police Force Olympic Citation.
This award is significant as the New South Wales Police Force is the only police force in the world to be permitted the Olympic Rings to be attached.
Police honours and awards are highly prized partly because they are only awarded to members in small numbers and are rarely issued to general duties police.
The only award that was given out in large numbers was the Commissioner's Olympic Citation due to the massive contribution by all members of the force.
In addition, under the Australian system of honours and awards, police officers serving with peacekeeping organisations are awarded the Police Overseas Service Medal with the relevant clasp for the prescribed area of service.
The UN Civilian Police (now known as UNPOL or United Nations Police) was established with a three-month mandate to end hostilities between the Greek and Turkish communities and promote peace on the island.
Members were subsequently withdrawn from Cyprus in 1976, along with all other state and territory police following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July 1974.
During the invasion and preceding it the Australian police were subject to machine gun and mortar fire and Turkish air attack.
Australian police continued to negotiate between the invading Turkish army, other warring parties and escorted refugees to safety from both sides.
From 2000 to 2005, 45 NSW Police Force officers were involved in the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) and the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) seconded to the Australian Federal Police for their Tour of Duty in East Timor with the United Nations.
In addition, two New South Wales Police Force officers have been commended for courage for peacekeeping in East Timor, one by the Australian government, and the Australian Federal Police Commissioners Commendation for Bravery (station sergeant David McCann OAM – UNMISET and one by the commissioner (senior sergeant Mark Aubrey Gilpin – UNTAET).
McCann was awarded the Commendation for Brave Conduct for his part in the rescue of 110 vulnerable persons from a village in East Timor after it suffered major flooding.
Gilpin was awarded the New South Wales Police Commendation (courage) for his part in protecting a member of the community who was being subjected to mob justice.
He placed his body in front of the mob, who were armed with machettes and other weapons and managed to extract the victim to safety.
Out of the ten Australian peacekeepers who have died on peacekeeping missions, two were from NSW Police Force while serving with UNFICYP.
Sir John Lockhart-Ross, 6th Baronet (11 November 1721 – 9 June 1790), known as John Lockhart from 1721 to 1760, was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War, and the American War of Independence, and served for a time as a Member of Parliament.
He served on a number of ships during the War of the Austrian Succession, seeing action at both the First and Second Battles of Cape Finisterre, having by then risen to the rank of lieutenant.
He had his own commands by the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, and enjoyed particular success as a frigate captain, cruising against privateers while in command of .
Taking the additional name Ross after he inherited a deceased relative's estates, he served as a member of parliament and undertook land reforms and improvements during the years of peace before the outbreak of the American War of Independence.
Lockhart-Ross returned to sea on the outbreak of war, commanding a ship at the Battle of Ushant, and later being promoted to flag rank.
He served in several actions as a junior commander of Rodney's fleet, including the capture of the Caracas convoy, the Battle of Cape St. Vincent and the relief of Gibraltar.
He transferred to the 50-gun under Captain Charles Knowles in the West Indies between 1737 and 1738, and went on to serve aboard the 54-gun under Captain Henry Medley in 1739, and the 14-gun sloop under Captain Frogmere in 1740.
He passed his lieutenant's examination on 28 September 1743, and received his commission with a posting on 21 October that year to the 44-gun in the North Sea, and afterwards on the coast of North America.
While serving on the North American station he was moved into the 50-gun and returned to England with her in late 1746.
He was then appointed to his first command, that of the fireship , in which he saw action with Sir Edward Hawke's fleet at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre on 16 October 1747.
During 1748 Lockhart was first lieutenant of the Portsmouth guardship , and for the next few years was on half pay in Scotland.
In January 1755 he was appointed first lieutenant of the 90-gun with Captain Charles Saunders, and on 22 April 1755 he was promoted to command the 8-gun sloop , attached during the year to the western squadron cruising under the command of Sir Edward Hawke or Vice-Admiral John Byng.
He was also presented by the merchants of London and of Bristol with pieces of plate ‘for his signal service in supporting the trade;’ and by the corporation of Plymouth with the freedom of the borough in a gold box.
She spent the summer under Rear-Admiral George Brydges Rodney, taking part in the Raid on Le Havre before rejoining Hawke in October, and then being sent to join a squadron under Commodore Robert Duff, to watch the French in Quiberon Bay.
The squadron observed the French fleet sail out, and were chased by them as they rushed to report the news to Hawke.
Four days later Hawke appointed Lockhart to command in the place of Captain John Campbell, who was sent home with the despatches.
With the death of his brother James in September 1760 Lockhart succeeded to the Ross estate of Balnagown, the entail of which obliged him to take the name of Ross; this he formally did in the following spring, announcing the change to the admiralty on 31 March 1761.
In the previous June he had been elected member of parliament for Lanark Burghs, but it does not appear that he took any active interest in parliamentary business.
He devoted himself principally to the improvement of his estates and the condition of the peasantry, and became known as ‘the best farmer and the greatest planter in the country; his wheat and turnips showed the one, his plantation of a million of pines the other’.
He was MP for Lanark Burghs from 1761 to 1768 and in 1762, he initiated land tenure reform which would later evolve into the Highland Clearances.
In 1777, when war with France appeared imminent, Ross returned to active service, and was appointed to the 74-gun , joining the fleet under Admiral Augustus Keppel in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778.
Continuing in the Channel Fleet, Ross was with Rodney at the capture of the Caracas convoy, the Battle of Cape St. Vincent and the relief of Gibraltar in January 1780; with George Darby at the relief of Gibraltar in April 1781; and with Lord Howe during the early summer of 1782.
Among them was his eldest son, Charles Lockhart-Ross, an army officer who inherited the baronetcy on his father's death, and George Ross, father of distinguished legal writer George Ross.
The Boeing X-45 unmanned combat air vehicle is a concept demonstrator for a next generation of completely autonomous military aircraft, developed by Boeing's Phantom Works.
It has no vertical control surfaces — split ailerons near each wingtip function as asymmetric air brakes, providing rudder control, much as in Northrop's flying wings.
The first generation of unmanned combat air vehicles are primarily planned for air-to-ground roles with defensive air-to-air capabilities coupled with significant remote piloting.
On April 18, 2004, the X-45A's first bombing run test at Edwards Air Force Base was successful; it hit a ground target with a 250-pound inert precision-guided munition.
On February 4, 2005, on their 50th flight, the two X-45As took off into a patrol pattern and were then alerted to the presence of a target.
The X-45As then autonomously determined which vehicle held the optimum position, weapons (notional), and fuel load to properly attack the target.
After making that decision, one of the X-45As changed course and the ground-based pilot authorized the consent to attack the simulated antiaircraft emplacement.
This demonstrated the ability of these vehicles to work autonomously as a team and manage their resources, as well as to engage previously-undetected targets, which is significantly harder than following a predetermined attack path.
After the completion of the flight test program, both X-45As were sent to museums, one to the National Air and Space Museum, and the other to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, where it was inducted on November 13, 2006.
The larger X-45B design was modified to have even more fuel capacity and three times greater combat range, becoming the X-45C.
Each wing's leading edge spans from the nose to the wingtip, giving the aircraft more wing area, and a planform very similar to the B-2 Spirits'.
The first of the three planned X-45C aircraft was originally scheduled to be completed in 2006, with capability demonstrations scheduled for early 2007.
The X-45C portion of the program received $767 million from DARPA in October 2004, to construct and test three aircraft, along with several supplemental goals.
In July 2005, DARPA awarded an additional $175 million to continue the program, as well as implement autonomous Aerial refueling technology.
When it became known that the US Air Force would end funding to the Joint Unmanned Combat Air System program (which included the X-45 and X-47), the US Navy started its own UCAS program.
The software Boeing developed to allow the X-45N to land and takeoff autonomously on aircraft carriers has recently been installed on the first F/A-18F, which has used it to perform autonomous approaches.
This Super Hornet is expected to be able to hook the carrier's arrester cables autonomously by the 2009 timeframe, setting the stage for carrier-borne UAV operations.
The internally funded program, called Phantom Ray, uses the X-45C prototype vehicle that Boeing originally developed for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)/U.S.
It was published by Enix in Japan before Nintendo localized the game and released English, German, French and Spanish versions in Europe and Australia.
The game keeps a top-down perspective view of the world and utilizes an action-based real-time battle system that allows the player to perform different techniques depending on whether the protagonist is running, jumping, attacking, or using a combination of these three actions.
Each attack is meant for dealing more damage to certain kinds of enemies, though in most cases there is little to no difference regardless of the technique used.
The player must collect Magirocks and take them to a magic shop to have them transformed into magic rings and summon medals.
Those items are used up when casting the corresponding spell and then turn back to Magirocks which may be exchanged for new spells again.
Since the beginning of the Earth, the external Lightside, the surface world, stood for growth whereas the internal Darkside, the under world, represented decline.
Technology and industry further expanded civilization, but the fight between God and the Devil was still taking place, more fiercely than ever.
After opening a forbidden door and touching a mysterious box containing a friendly demon named Yomi, every citizen in the village is frozen.
The only person not affected by the curse, the Elder, guides him to resurrect the continents of the surface world in order to unfreeze the people.
A way out of his hometown appears, and for the first time ever, a human being leaves Crysta to explore the under world, which is portrayed as a frozen wasteland of imposing crystal mountains, crossed by rivers of magma.
Upon returning to his hometown, the Elder instructs him to travel to the surface world and to resurrect all living beings.
He continues his journey, traveling and expanding cities, assisting with the invention of groundbreaking technologies, and also—much to his surprise—encountering a Lightside twin of Elle, who lives as the adopted daughter of a French king but was rendered mute by a traumatic event in her childhood.
Ark manages to break this condition, and although Princess Elle at first stays away from Ark, she begins to grow close to him.
In continuing to follow the Elder's commands, Ark ultimately awakes the ingenious Beruga, a scientist who survived the destruction of the previous world by hiding himself in a cryogenic sleep.
Beruga provides Ark with an insight into his personal image of paradise: A perfect world where all insignificant life is killed with a virus named Asmodeus and everyone else is made immortal by turning them into zombies.
Just as he is about to die, Kumari, a wise human who watched the world's growth through reincarnation, teleports Ark out of Beruga's laboratory.
He then instructs him to go search the five Starstones and to lay them at the grave at Time's End in order to call the Golden Child.
Ark obtains the stones one after another and sets them into skull statues at Dryvale, the location at the South Pole where the final confrontation between God and the Devil once took place.
When she realizes this threat is actually Ark, she allows him to awaken as the legendary hero and grow back into an adult in the process.
In the end, Ark realizes that as a creation of Dark Gaia, he, along with the village of Crysta and the underworld, shall now vanish with the Devil's demise, though it is implied he and his loved ones in Crysta will be reincarnated.
He goes to sleep, after being told by Light Gaia that he, as creator and defender, is what the humans would call a god.
Ark's last dream pictures him as a bird flying above the world that he helped to exist, watching it grow older.
Publisher Enix commissioned the developers as a subcontractor and decided for the title to be an action role-playing game for strategic reasons, based on Quintet's experience in that particular genre and the good reception of their earlier games by Japanese players.
The script was written by director and designer Tomoyoshi Miyazaki, the founder of Quintet, with the scenario provided by Reiko Takebayashi.
The English scripts of the game used in the European and Australian releases by Nintendo were translated by Colin Palmer, Dan Owsen and Hiro Nakamura.
Except for the guide book, none of these materials have been released outside Japan, though in Germany, Club Nintendo published a 32-page comic illustrating scenes from the game up to the events of the third chapter.
praised the varied soundtrack, ease of play, and recommended the game should be bought during the Christmas season for any fans of the genre.
The Pretender is an American action drama television series created by Steven Long Mitchell and Craig W. Van Sickle, that aired on NBC from September 19, 1996 to May 13, 2000.
doctor, lawyer, soldier) in his quest to uncover his origins, deliver justice to criminal wrongdoers who evade the law, and stay one step ahead of The Centre, the sinister think tank that kidnapped Jarod as a child to exploit his Pretender abilities.
According to show creators Steven Long Mitchell and Craig Van Sickle, the character of Jarod was inspired by serial impostor Ferdinand Waldo Demara.
In 2013, creators Steven Long Mitchell and Craig W. Van Sickle began updating the story with a series of books and graphic novels.
Jarod (Michael T. Weiss) is a child prodigy who is abducted at a young age and raised in a think tank called the Centre, based in the fictional town of Blue Cove, Delaware.
Told that his parents have died, Jarod is assigned to the care of a man named Sydney (Patrick Bauchau), a psychiatrist working for the Centre.
During Jarod's youth, Sydney mentors the boy and regularly coaches him through complex simulations designed to exploit his intellect for real life application.
But as an adult, Jarod discovers that the Centre is using data gathered from his responses for nefarious purposes, such as illegal black ops and engineering the deaths of others.
Soon afterward, he discovers that the people whom he had long believed to be his parents actually were not, as Jarod has an anomaly in his blood that a father or mother would share—which neither of his supposed parents do.
Fearing for Jarod's safety, Sydney at times undermines Miss Parker and will directly prevent her from using lethal methods to prevent Jarod's continued evasion of his pursuers.
While tracking down clues to his past and his parents, Jarod also targets criminals who have gone unpunished or undetected by the law.
During his adventures, Jarod also discovers the joys of the childhood he was denied while being raised in isolation, such as ice cream, a Slinky, and Silly Putty.
Sydney's loyalty to the Centre wavers when it concerns Jarod's safety and this rift increases when he discovers truths about what the organization did to his twin brother Jacob.
This puts her in a parallel to Jarod's quest of discovery and at times her loyalty wavers, though it never falters.
When she and Jarod do share a romantic moment, Jarod questions if this will change things and Miss Parker replies it will not.
The creators of the show, Steven Mitchell and Craig van Sickle stated in an interview on the French DVD of the telemovies that an ending was written for the series; they just needed financing to create it.
On May 21, 2008, van Sickle again expressed interest in having a final episode or film to finish the series, and asked fans to continue to be patient until it happens.
On July 8, 2013, it was announced through The Pretender Creators Facebook page that The Pretender will be reborn and that on July 19 at 2 P.M. PDT will be the official announcement to the fans worldwide on details of the first exciting way The Pretender will be reborn.
In medicine, a Holter monitor (often simply Holter) is a type of ambulatory electrocardiography device, a portable device for cardiac monitoring (the monitoring of the electrical activity of the cardiovascular system) for at least 24 to 48 hours (often for two weeks at a time).
Its extended recording period is sometimes useful for observing occasional cardiac arrhythmias which would be difficult to identify in a shorter period.
For patients having more transient symptoms, a cardiac event monitor which can be worn for a month or more can be used.
The Holter monitor was developed at the Holter Research Laboratory in Helena Montana by experimental physicists Norman J. Holter and Bill Glasscock, who started work on radio telemetry in 1949.
Inspired by a suggestion from cardiologist Paul Dudley White in the early 1950s, they redirected their efforts toward development of a wearable cardiac monitoring device.
When used to study the heart, much like standard electrocardiography, the Holter monitor records electrical signals from the heart via a series of electrodes attached to the chest.
These electrodes are connected to a small piece of equipment that is attached to the patient's belt or hung around the neck, keeping a log of the heart's electrical activity throughout the recording period.
A 12 lead Holter system is also available when precise ECG signal information is required to analyse the exact nature and origin of the rhythm signal.
Older devices used reel-to-reel tapes or a standard C90 or C120 audio cassette and ran at a 1.7 mm/s or 2 mm/s speed to record the data.
Once a recording was made, it could be played back and analyzed at 60x speed so 24 hours of recording could be analyzed in 24 minutes.
The data is uploaded into a computer which then automatically analyzes the input, counting ECG complexes, calculating summary statistics such as average heart rate, minimum and maximum heart rate, and finding candidate areas in the recording worthy of further study by the technician.
Each Holter system consists of two basic parts – the hardware (called monitor or recorder) for recording the signal, and software for review and analysis of the record.
; a special mark will be then placed into the record so that the doctors or technicians can quickly pinpoint these areas when analyzing the signal.
The average dimensions of today's Holter monitors are about 110x70x30 mm but some are only 61x46x20 mm and weigh 99 g. Most of the devices operate with two AA batteries.
Most of the Holters monitor the ECG via only two or three channels (Note: depending on manufacturer, different counts of leads and lead systems are used).
Although two/three channel recording has been used for a long time in the Holter monitoring history, as mentioned above, 12 channel Holters have recently appeared.
Another innovation is the inclusion of a triaxial movement sensor, which records the patient's physical activity, and on examination and software processing, extracts three movement statuses: sleeping, standing up, or walking.
Some modern devices also have the ability to record a vocal patient diary entry that can be later listened to by the doctor.
When the recording of ECG signal is finished (usually after 24 or 48 hours), it is up to the physician to perform the signal analysis.
Since it would be extremely time demanding to browse through such a long signal, there is an integrated automatic analysis process in the software of each Holter device which automatically determines different sorts of heart beats, rhythms, etc.
Besides the attachment and quality of electrodes, there are other factors affecting the signal quality, such as muscle tremors, sampling rate and resolution of the digitized signal (high quality devices offer higher sampling frequency).
The automatic analysis commonly provides the physician with information about heart beat morphology, beat interval measurement, heart rate variability, rhythm overview and patient diary (moments when the patient pressed the patient button).
Advances resulted in these devices becoming smaller but were still being used only in hospitals for twenty four to forty eight hours.
Although some patients may feel uncomfortable about a Holter examination, the only hazards are potential minor skin abrasions to optimize signal quality, and it should have little effect on one's normal daily life.
The device may be visible under light clothing, and those wearing a Holter monitor may wish to avoid shirts with a low neckline.
Persons being monitored should not limit normal daily activities, since its purpose is to record how a heart works under various actual conditions over an extended period.
Monitors can be removed for a few minutes without invalidating collected data, but proper reattachment is critical to avoid degradation of its signals.
His name is most often associated with the Poynting–Robertson effect, the process by which solar radiation causes a dust mote orbiting a star to lose angular momentum, which he also described in terms of general relativity.
During World War II, Robertson served with the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) and the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD).
He served as Technical Consultant to the Secretary of War, the OSRD Liaison Officer in London, and the Chief of the Scientific Intelligence Advisory Section at Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force.
After the war Robertson was director of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group in the Office of the Secretary of Defense from 1950 to 1952, chairman of the Robertson Panel on UFOs in 1953 and Scientific Advisor to the NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) in 1954 and 1955.
He was Chairman of the Defense Science Board from 1956 to 1961, and a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) from 1957 to 1961.
Howard Percy Robertson, was born in Hoquiam, Washington, on January 27, 1903, the oldest of five children of George Duncan Robertson, an engineer who built bridges in Washington state, and Anna McLeod, a nurse.
He entered the University of Washington in Seattle in 1918, initially with the intention of studying engineering, but he later switched to mathematics.
He earned a bachelor of science degree in mathematics in 1922 and a master of science in mathematics and physics in 1923.
They had two children: George Duncan, who became a surgeon, and Marietta, who later married California Institute of Technology (Caltech) historian Peter W. Fay.
Upon receipt of his doctorate, Robertson received a National Research Council Fellowship to study at the University of Göttingen in Germany, where he met David Hilbert, Richard Courant, Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Karl and Martin Schwarzschild, John von Neumann and Eugene Wigner.
In 1928, he accepted a position as an assistant professor of mathematical physics at Princeton University, where he became an associate professor in 1931, and a professor in 1938.
His interest in general relativity and differential geometry led to a series of papers in the 1920s that developed the subject.
Robertson went on to apply the theory of continuous groups in Riemann spaces to find all the solutions that describe the cosmological spaces.
This was extended by Arthur Geoffrey Walker in 1936, and is today widely known in the United States as the Robertson–Walker metric.
Earlier work, such as the Schwarzschild metric, were for a central body that did not move, while Robertson's solution considered two bodies orbiting each other.
Yet Robertson's name is most often associated with the Poynting–Robertson effect, the process by which solar radiation causes a dust mote orbiting a star to lose angular momentum.
Robertson developed the theory of invariants of tensors to derive the Kármán–Howarth equation in 1940, which was later used by George Batchelor and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in the theory of axisymmetric turbulence to derive Batchelor–Chandrasekhar equation.
Aside from his work in physics, Robertson played a central role in American scientific intelligence during and after World War II.
He was approached by Richard Tolman shortly after World War II began in 1939, and began working for the Committee for Passive Protection Against Bombing.
This was absorbed with other groups into Division 2 of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), with Robertson engaged in the study of terminal ballistics.
He became close friends with Reginald Victor Jones, and Solly Zuckerman praised the work Robertson and Jones did on scrambling radar beams and beacons.
In 1944 Robertson also became a Technical Consultant to the Secretary of War, and the Chief of the Scientific Intelligence Advisory Section at Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force.
He was a Central Intelligence Agency classified employee and director of the Weapons System Evaluation Group in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Weapons System Evaluation Group in the Office of the Secretary of Defense from 1950 to 1952, and Scientific Advisor in 1954 and 1955 to the NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), General Alfred M. Gruenther.
He was Chairman of the Defense Science Board from 1956 to 1961, and a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) from 1957 to 1961.
He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, serving as its foreign secretary from 1958 until his death in 1961, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Mathematical Society, the American Physical Society, the American Astronomical Society, the American Philosophical Society, the Operational Research Society, and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
The Great Boston Fire of 1872 was Boston's largest fire, and still ranks as one of the most costly fire-related property losses in American history.
The conflagration began at 7:20 p.m. on November 9, 1872, in the basement of a commercial warehouse at 83–87 Summer Street.
The fire was finally contained 12 hours later, after it had consumed about of Boston's downtown, 776 buildings and much of the financial district, and caused $73.5 million in damage (equivalent to $ billion in ).
Many of the buildings were too tall for fire ladders to reach the upper levels, and the pressure from the fire hoses was often insufficient to extinguish flames on the roofs of the buildings.
If the lever inside of the alarm box was pulled, the fire department was notified, and the alarm could be traced back to the box via a coordinate system so that firefighters were dispatched to the correct location.
All of the fire alarm boxes were kept locked from the system's installation in 1852 until after the Great Fire of 1872 to prevent false alarms.
A few citizens in each area of Boston were given a key to the boxes, and all other citizens had to report fires to the key-holders who could then alert the fire department.
In 1872, witnesses watched the fire spread before the key-holder of the area was located and able to unlock the alarm box to alert the Boston Fire Department.
John Damrell, Boston Fire Department's chief engineer at the time, had told Boston officials that the existing water infrastructure was inadequate.
The lack of pressure was so severe that the pipes could not produce enough force to reach the top floors and roofs of newer buildings.
Additionally, the fire hydrant couplings were not standardized within Boston making it more difficult for firefighters to connect their hoses and related equipment.
At the time of the 1872 fire in early November, the northeast United States was experiencing an epizootic flu that affected and weakened the horses.
When Damrell heard of the horse sickness he preemptively hired an additional 500 men to replace the horsepower that would typically haul the engines and other equipment to the sites of fires.
After the fire, the city commission in charge of investigating the fire concluded that the response time of the fire department was only delayed by a few minutes in the absence of the horses.
Damrell, along with fire chiefs from various large cities, traveled to Chicago after the fire in an attempt to learn from the city’s mistakes.
Like Boston, Chicago buildings were made primarily of wood and building codes were not enforced, making the densely developed neighborhoods susceptible to fire.
General Phil Sheridan, in charge of military relief in Chicago post-fire, did not condemn the city's use of gunpowder to blow up buildings to create firebreaks.
However, many fire chiefs from Southern cities were firmly opposed to gunpowder-created firebreaks after having seen the destruction they caused in the Civil War.
Experts have deduced that the fire began in the basement of a warehouse on the corner Kingston Street and Summer Street, at approximately 83-85 Summer Street.
From the basement, the flames spread to the wooden elevator shaft in the center of the building and moved up the floors, fueled by the flammable fabrics in storage.
Finally, the building’s wooden mansard roof caught on fire and the flames were able to spread from rooftop to rooftop down the street.
Telegraphs were sent to surrounding towns requesting help, but the messages were delayed due to most telegraph offices already having closed for the night.
One was the first Amoskeag ever constructed (serial number 1), owned by the Manchester Fire Department; the other was the first self-propelled Amoskeag that the manufacturer sent down.
During the fire, the narrow streets of Boston were packed with firefighters and their equipment as well as crowds of people.
As building owners raced to retrieve valuables from their burning properties, looters ran in after them to collect whatever was left behind.
As the fire spread, citizens asked Mayor William Gaston to authorize the use of gunpowder to blow up buildings in the path of the fire to create a firebreak.
Along Washington Street, wet blankets and rugs were said to have been used to cover buildings to prevent the fire from spreading to the Old South Meeting House, the church in which the Boston Tea Party was planned.
The efforts to save this historic landmark finally halted the fire at the corner of Washington and Milk Streets, around midday on November 10.
The forced reconstruction of the financial district brought about widespread, simultaneous building upgrades and updates, and many properties were rebuilt to suit the commercial nature of the district.
In 1873, he founded the National Association of Fire Engineers (NAFE, now called the International Association of Fire Chiefs, IAFC) and became the organization's first president.
At the 20th Annual Convention of NAFE in 1892, Damrell is credited for Boston's formally established limits of building height and area.
In 1891, The National Association of Commissioners and Inspectors of Public Buildings (NACIPB) was established by Damrell, and he served as the first president.
At the corner of Kingston and Summer Streets, a plaque was installed by The Bostonian Society to mark the start of the fire.
The Tupolev Tu-85 (; USAF/DoD reporting name 'Type 31', NATO reporting name Barge) was a Soviet prototype strategic bomber based on the Tu-4, an unlicensed reverse engineered copy of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress.
It was the ultimate development of the B-29 family, being over 50% heavier than its ancestor and had nearly double the range.
Only two prototypes were built before the program was cancelled in favor of the Tupolev Tu-95 bomber which was much faster and had the same range.
Neither the Tu-4 nor the Tupolev Tu-80 were true intercontinental strategic bombers as they both lacked the range to attack the United States from bases in the Soviet Union and return.
The Tu-85 was designed to achieve the necessary range by use of more powerful and fuel-efficient engines, a redesigned wing to increase the lift/drag ratio and the addition of more fuel.
Much of the armament and equipment was derived from those of the late-model Tu-4, including the four remotely-controlled dorsal and ventral turrets and the tail turret, each with two Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannon.
But the Tu-85's tail turret had Argon ranging radar and each of the two bomb bays was enlarged to hold a FAB-9000 bomb.
Actual design work began in August 1948 and was ratified by a directive from the Council of Ministers dated 16 September that required the first prototype to be ready for manufacturer's tests in December 1950.
On 12 September the first prototype flew with a bombload of , landing with enough fuel remaining to have covered .
The second prototype, sometimes referred to as the 85D () or 85/2, incorporated the lessons learned from the first aircraft, including revision and reinforcement of the airframe and a variety of changes to its equipment and systems.
Series production was approved on 23 March 1951 at three factories where it would succeed the Tu-4 on the production line, but this was reversed later in the year and the program was cancelled: during the Korean War Soviet MiG-15s brought down many US B-29 bombers, showing that there was no future for piston aircraft in combat use.
Priority was given to the higher-performance turboprop Tu-95 'Bear', as its own turboprop powerplants, the TV-12 prototype series for the Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops that power the Tu-95 to this day, were already generating 12,000 shp as early as 1951.
The Gell-Mann matrices, developed by Murray Gell-Mann, are a set of eight linearly independent 3×3 traceless Hermitian matrices used in the study of the strong interaction in particle physics.
These matrices are traceless, Hermitian (so they can generate unitary matrix group elements through exponentiation), and obey the extra trace orthonormality relation.
These properties were chosen by Gell-Mann because they then naturally generalize the Pauli matrices for SU(2) to SU(3), which formed the basis for Gell-Mann's quark model.
In this three-dimensional matrix representation, the Cartan subalgebra is the set of linear combinations (with real coefficients) of the two matrices formula_4 and formula_5, which commute with each other.
The structure constants formula_13 are completely antisymmetric in the three indices, generalizing the antisymmetry of the Levi-Civita symbol formula_14 of .
In general, they evaluate to zero, unless they contain an odd count of indices from the set {2,5,7}, corresponding to the antisymmetric (imaginary) s.
Since the eight matrices and the identity are a complete trace-orthogonal set spanning all 3×3 matrices, it is straightforward to find two Fierz completeness relations, (Li & Cheng, 4.134), analogous to that satisfied by the Pauli matrices.
A particular choice of matrices is called a group representation, because any element of SU(3) can be written in the form formula_20, where the eight formula_21 are real numbers and a sum over the index is implied.
Given one representation, an equivalent one may be obtained by an arbitrary unitary similarity transformation, since that leaves the commutator unchanged.
These matrices serve to study the internal (color) rotations of the gluon fields associated with the coloured quarks of quantum chromodynamics (cf.
The Tupolev Tu-80 () was a Soviet prototype for a longer-ranged version of the Tupolev Tu-4 bomber, built after World War II.
Work began on the design in February 1948 and this was confirmed by a Council of Ministers order of 12 June that required the prototype be ready for State acceptance trials in July 1949.
The forward portion of the fuselage was redesigned with an airliner-style stepped windscreen and the fuselage was lengthened by almost which allowed the bomb bays and their doors to be lengthened.
The wings were enlarged to a total of and the rubber deicing boots were replaced by more efficient and aerodynamic bleed air deicers.
Construction of the Tu-80 began in November 1948, using as many Tu-4 components as possible to speed up construction, but the first flight was not until 1 December 1949, after the Council of Ministers had canceled the program on 16 September 1949 in favor of the Tu-85 which was expected to have much better performance.
Set in 1950, it was first produced at the Yale Repertory Theatre in March 1982 and made its premiere on Broadway on 4 May at the Lyceum Theatre, where it ran for 344 performances.
The play takes place in South Africa during apartheid era, and depicts how institutionalized racism, bigotry or hatred can become absorbed by those who live under it.
It is said to be a semi-autobiographical play, as Athol Fugard's birth name was Harold and his boyhood was very similar to Hally's, including his father being disabled, and his mother running a tea shop to support the family.
At the start of the play Sam and Willie are practising ballroom steps in preparation for a major competition, while maintaining the tea shop.
When Willie, in broken English, describes his ballroom partner and girlfriend as lacking enthusiasm, Sam correctly diagnoses the problem: Willie beats her if she doesn't know the steps.
Sam is the unacknowledged yet de facto mentor to the boy since childhood, and has always treated Hally as his nephew/ward.
And hopefully thereby, takes up those values and viewpoints of an adult; and a man, that Sam, has over the years lain down; and, that all men try to leave as their legacy of shepherding an adolescent boy into manhood.
Hally warmly remembers the simple act of flying a kite Sam had made for him out of junk; we later learn that Sam made it to cheer Hally up after he was embarrassed greatly by his father's public and continuing drunkenness.
Almost immediately despair returns: Sam had early on mentioned why Hally's mother is not present; the hospital had called about his father, who has been there receiving treatment for complications from a leg he lost in World War II, to discharge him, and she had left to bring him home.
However, Hally, indicating that his father had been in considerable pain the previous day, insisted that his father wasn't well enough to be discharged, and that the call must've been about a bad turn, rather than a discharge notice.
A call from Hally's mother at the hospital confirms that Hally's father, is manipulating the hospital into discharging him, although he is indeed, not feeling any better than before, so it's still unofficial, and Hally remains hopeful that the discharge won't happen.
Hally is distraught about this news, since his father, who in addition to being crippled, is revealed to be a tyrannical alcoholic, and his being home will make home life unbearable with his drinking, fighting, and need for constant treatment, which includes demeaning tasks of having to massage his stump, and empty chamber pots of urine.
But when Sam chastises him for doing so, Hally, although ashamed of himself, turns on him, unleashing vicarious racism, that he learned from his father, creating possibly permanent rifts in his relationship with both Sam and Willie.
Sam is hurt and angry and both he and Willie are just short of attacking Hally, but they both understand that Hally is really causing himself the most pain.
There is a glimmer of hope for reconciliation at the end, when Sam addresses Hally by his nickname again and asks to start over the next day, harkening back to the simple days of the kite.
Fugard adapted the play for a television movie produced in 1985, directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg with stars, Matthew Broderick, Zakes Mokae, and John Kani.
The film was directed by Lonny Price (who played Hally in the original Broadway cast) and produced by Zaheer Goodman-Bhyat, Mike Auret, Nelle Nugent and David Pupkewitz.
The Tupolev Tu-75 () was a military transport variant of the Tu-4 bomber, as was a similar airliner, the Tu-70, both using a new, purpose-designed fuselage.
It was not placed into production because the VVS decided it would be cheaper to modify its existing Tu-4s for the transport mission and to use its existing Lisunov Li-2 and Ilyushin Il-12 transports.
The Tupolev OKB began work in September 1946 on a military transport version of the Tupolev Tu-70 airliner and this was confirmed by the Council of Ministers on 11 March 1947 with state trials to begin in August 1948.
Three gun turrets (dorsal, ventral and tail), were to be adapted from the Tu-4, although they were not fitted on the prototype.
In the first role it was designed to carry two ASU-76 assault guns, two STZ NATI artillery tractors, six or seven GAZ-67B jeeps or five guns without their prime movers or any combination of equipment up to .
To facilitate the loading of cargo, a winch was mounted on the ceiling of the cargo hold with a capacity of .
Construction of the first prototype was quite prolonged; the aircraft was not finished until November 1949, with its first flight taking place on 21 January 1950.
It finished its manufacturer's trials the following May, but Tupolev decided not to submit it for the State acceptance trials as the Soviet Air Force had already decided that it would be cheaper to rely on its existing transports and to modify Tu-4 bombers for the cargo role.
The site's owner, Tom Fulp, founded the site and company in 1995 and produces in-house content over at the headquarters and offices, based in the Glenside neighborhood of Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania.
This displays not only what is in Judgment, but it also displays the statuses of recently-judged submissions, and various winners and most popular submissions.
Content and context are liable to be reported for review to the Mods and staff members by flagging it for violations to the site's guidelines; a weighted system recognises experienced users and gives their flag more voice.
The Homepage of Newgrounds includes featured submissions from each category, as well as awards and honors to users whose submission that fall under the site's requirements to earn them.
Adult-oriented content is allowed, but is supposedly restricted only to users aged 18 and up, though there is no safeguard to assure this.
Online competitions and contests are open at some times, where an individual can win and receive prizes presented by either a recognized user or staff member upon following a given theme.
Any user breaking the rules of site use anywhere on the site can be sent warnings or subjected to sanctions, such as restrictions of membership or banning, by the Moderators or Staff.
Introducing banner ads to pay for growing payments in 1999, Fulp partnered with Troma, who hosted the site in exchange for a share of ad revenue.
A chat room and message board was added onto the website, which allowed people visiting the website to interact with each other.
Ad revenue had increased, so Ross was hired, starting development of the current automated Portal, which would allow users to submit their own generated content to the website and have it judged by anyone visiting.
2004 saw Newgrounds recovering from the online market crash, and the Numa Numa Dance viral phenomenon made its debut on Newgrounds near the end of the year, and became one of the first viral videos on the internet.
The Art Portal in its complete form was launched in June of the same year, along with the renovation of the company's headquarters.
In 2011, the Newgrounds Annual Tournament of Animation (NATA) began as a 4–6 month long animation competition on Newgrounds sponsored by Adobe.
That same year, major changes to the website included the launch of the video player, allowing users to publish movies that were not in .SWF format for the first time, and support for HTML5-coded games, which meant users were no longer limited to submitting movies and games made in Flash.
The Audio Portal consisted of submitted copyrighted songs for use in the game, leading to nightcore, along with mashups, banned as a result.
The issue of copyright protection came to a head in 2016, when the site received a serious challenge to deal with the content and files containing unlicensed commercial music and images, resulting in many submissions being removed by moderators and staff.
In 2018, new servers and video-encoding-software were unveiled, along with developments for the site to be ad-free, and improve page performance.
In November and December 2018, Newgrounds experienced surges of new members originally from Tumblr, when that site began restricting adult content after illegal child pornography was found on that service, resulting in its iOS app being removed from Apple's App Store.
In the wake of the Adobe Flash Player no longer being supported in 2020, Newgrounds developed the Newgrounds Player as an alternate media player to continue viewing old Flash projects.
Newgrounds also introduced support for HTML5-based games and animations as an alternative to Flash, which can be uploaded in the form of a .zip file.
It was based on the Tupolev Tu-8, but differed by having a slightly longer fuselage, increased defensive armament, and slightly enlarged vertical stabilizers.
The first flight of the Tu-72 was scheduled for 1948, but the project was cancelled due to the success of the Tupolev Tu-4 and Tupolev's focus on first-generation strategic jet bombers.
The Tupolev Tu-70 (; NATO reporting name: Cart) was a Soviet passenger variant of the Tu-4 bomber (which was reverse-engineered from the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress) and designed immediately after the end of World War II.
It used a number of components from Boeing B-29s that had made emergency landings in the Soviet Union after bombing Japan.
The aircraft was successfully tested, recommended for serial production, but ultimately not produced because of more pressing military orders and because Aeroflot had no requirement for such an aircraft.
After basic design work was completed on the Tu-4 bomber, Tupolev decided to design a passenger variant with a pressurized fuselage, given the internal designation of Tu-70.
Design work on a mockup began in February 1946 and the Council of Ministers confirmed an order for a single prototype the following month.
These included the outer wing panels, the engine cowlings, the flaps, the undercarriage, the tail assembly and some of the internal equipment.
Three different configurations were proposed for the cabin layout, a government VIP version, a mixed-class 40–48 passenger model and an airliner configuration with 72 seats.
This was traced to a design defect in the American-built supercharger-control system, but identifying the problem and fixing it prolonged the manufacturer's trials through October 1947.
It met all the design goals, but was not accepted for production as all the factories were already committed to building aircraft with a higher priority and Aeroflot had no requirement for the type, being fully satisfied with its existing Ilyushin Il-12 airliners.
It was sent to the NII VVS ( – Scientific-Research Institute of the Air Forces) for evaluation as a military transport aircraft in December 1951.
He used his position as a piano accompanist and presenter at the Blue Angel cabaret venue to promote the song, and it was soon introduced in cabaret performances by Felicia Sanders.
Harnell's recording won him a Grammy Award at the 5th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Performance by an Orchestra – for Dancing.
Bart Howard estimated that by the time Frank Sinatra covered the song in 1964, more than 100 other versions had been recorded.
A copy of the song was played on a Sony TC-50 portable cassette player on the Apollo 10 mission which orbited the Moon, and also on Apollo 11 before the first landing on the Moon.
The song's association with Apollo 11 was reprised many years later when Diana Krall sang it at the mission's 40th anniversary commemoration ceremony, and also for mission commander Neil Armstrong's memorial service in 2012.
The Visigothic Code (; , Book of the Judges), also called Lex Visigothorum (English: Law of the Visigoths), is a set of laws first promulgated by king Chindasuinth (642–653 AD) of the Visigothic Kingdom in his second year of rule (642–643) that survives only in fragments.
In 654 his son, king Recceswinth (649–672), published the enlarged law code, which was the first law code that applied equally to the conquering Goths and the general population, of which the majority had Roman roots, and had lived under Roman laws.
In this way, all subjects of the kingdom were gathered under the same jurisdiction, eliminating social and legal differences, and allowing greater assimilation of the populations.
The first written laws of the Visigothic kingdom were compiled during the rule of king Alaric II and were meant to regulate the lives of Romans, who made up the majority of the kingdom and were based on the existing Roman imperial laws and their interpretations.
In 589, at the Third Council of Toledo, the ruling Visigoths and Suebi, who had been Arian Christians, accepted Roman Christianity (what became modern Catholicism).
Now that the formerly Roman population and the Goths shared the same faith King Reccared issued laws that equally applied to both populations.
The laws govern and sanction family life and by extension political life: marriage, the transmission of property to heirs, safeguarding the rights of widows and orphans.
Particularly with the Visigoth's Law Codes, women could inherit land and title, were allowed to manage land independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, could represent themselves and bear witness in court by age 14 and arrange for their own marriages by age 20.
The code is known to have been preserved by the Moors, as Christians were permitted the use of their own laws, where they did not conflict with those of the conquerors, upon the regular payment of jizya tribute.
Thus it may be presumed that it was the recognized legal authority of Christian magistrates while the Iberian Peninsula remained under Muslim control.
When Ferdinand III of Castile took Córdoba in the thirteenth century, he ordered that the code be adopted and observed by his subjects, and had it translated, albeit inaccurately, into the Castilian language, as the Fuero Juzgo.
AMC Theatres (originally an abbreviation for American Multi-Cinema; often referred to simply as AMC and known in some countries as AMC Cinemas or AMC Multi-Cinemas) is a U.S.-based movie theater chain headquartered in Leawood, Kansas, and is the largest movie theater chain in the world.
After acquiring Odeon Cinemas, UCI Cinemas, and Carmike Cinemas in 2016, it became the largest movie theater chain in both the world and the United States, with 2,200 screens in 244 theatres in Europe and over 8,200 screens in 661 theatres in the United States.
The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange; from 2012 to 2018, the Chinese conglomorate Wanda Group owned a majority stake in the company.
AMC Theatres was founded in 1920 by Maurice, Edward, and Barney Dubinsky, who had been traveling the Midwest performing melodramas and tent shows with actress Jeanne Eagels.
In 1961, Edward's son Stanley H. Durwood took control of Durwood Theatres, then a small 10-theatre chain, when his father died.
During the incorporation process, the name was changed quickly thereafter to American Multi-Cinema, Inc., and Stanley began to apply military management and the insights of management science to revolutionize the movie theatre industry.
Under its new name, AMC Theatres opened the two-screen Parkway Twin theatre in a shopping center on Kansas City's Ward Parkway in 1963.
The industry quickly embraced the multiplex concept, where additional screens meant very little difference in staff and operating costs but resulted in a significant increase in profits.
It also gave owners the flexibility to show big hits on more screens, and less reliance on any individual film that could turn out to be a bust.
AMC Theatres had built and was operating a number of 10-screen multiplex cinemas in the United Kingdom, including sites at locations such as Dudley and Tamworth.
In 1995, AMC Theatres pioneered the first North American megaplex, a theater that could accommodate thousands, when it opened the AMC Grand 24 in Dallas, Texas; the first megaplex in the world had been built by European chain Kinepolis in 1988.
AMC continued to open other megaplex theaters, such as the AMC Hampton Towne Center 24 in Hampton, Virginia, and the chain's busiest theater in the US, the AMC Empire 25 in New York City near Times Square.
The largest theaters in the AMC Theatres chain have 30 screens, including the AMC Gulf Pointe 30 in Houston, Texas, the AMC DINE-IN Grapevine Mills 30 in Grapevine, Texas, the AMC Ontario Mills 30 in Ontario, California, the AMC Orange 30 in Orange, California, the AMC Cantera 30 in Warrenville, IL (now 17 screens and run by Regal Entertainment Group), and the AMC Forum 30 in Sterling Heights, Michigan.
In January 2002, the 16-screen Great Northern theatre was opened in Manchester, which was later supplemented by the opening of a 12-screen cinema on the Broadway Plaza site in Birmingham in October 2003.
AMC Theatres's United Kingdom outlets typically serve a dual function; in addition to the normal cinema functions, they also cater to companies' business conferences which can make use of their projectors for displaying presentations.
AMC Theatres was acquired by Marquee Holdings Inc. in 2004, an investment vehicle controlled by affiliates of J.P. Morgan Partners, LLC, the private equity arm of JPMorgan Chase, and Apollo Global Management, a private investment firm.
In 2006, the company announced a new initial public offering (IPO), which was expected to be worth approximately $789 million; however, adverse market conditions convinced the company's management to withdraw from such an offering on May 3, 2007.
Under new leadership, one of the first major announcements came in March of the same year; the company announced that it would equip 1,500 of its screens with Real D projectors.
In the same month, AMC Theatres announced that it had closed on a $315 million deal with Sony the parent company of Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment and Sony Interactive Entertainment to replace all of its reel projectors with digital cinema projectors, starting in the second quarter of 2009 and completing in 2012.
In September 2011, AMC Theatres announced plans to move its headquarters to a new $30 million four-story building designed by 360 Architecture in the Park Place development at 117th Street and Nall Avenue in Leawood, Kansas in suburban Kansas City.
The company continues to officially be headquartered in Kansas City, although it has moved its HQ to the 10 Main Center, where it now leases space.
After reaching a settlement with the state of Illinois in April 2012 regarding complaints from a disability rights organization, AMC pledged to equip all of its theaters in the state with captioning and description services by 2014.
The disability rights group had accused the company of only providing closed captioning or audio description systems at some of its locations in the state.
In July 2012, four locations were sold to Cineplex Entertainment, and two more locations were sold to Empire Theatres and later acquired by Landmark Cinemas.
In December 2015, AMC announced that Adam Aron would be the company's president and chief executive officer beginning January 4, 2016.
In March 2016, AMC Theatres announced it would acquire competitor Carmike Cinemas; in July 2016 Carmike's management accepted a revised offer, pending regulatory, and shareholder approval.
On March 1, 2017, AMC Theatres CEO Adam Aron stated that the company would re-brand the Carmike Cinemas locations under the AMC name; smaller locations were rebranded under the new banner AMC Classic (which repurposes trademarks associated with Carmike).
In September 2018, Silver Lake Partners made a $600 million investment in AMC Theatres, whose proceeds were used to repurchase approximately 32% of Wanda Group's class B common stock.
In October 2019, AMC began to offer on-demand rentals and purchases of digital film releases under the banner AMC Theatres On Demand.
For those AMC cinemas which were not part of the Loews Cineplex acquisition, and therefore, ticketed by MovieTickets.com, the website's surcharge was waived for MovieWatcher members.
For that initial fee, each AMC Stubs member would receive $5 on every $50 spent between the box office and the concession stand at any AMC theater nationwide.
AMC Stubs members also received a free size upgrade with every popcorn and drink they purchase (for example, an AMC Stubs member can get a large popcorn for the price of a regular).
As of March 29, 2012, AMC Stubs had 3.2 million members, which represents approximately 18% of AMC attendance during fiscal 2012.
These are primarily offered at AMC and AMC Dine-in locations, but some AMC Classic locations with liquor licenses offer their alcoholic beverages under this brand.
Some AMC Dine-in theaters have their MacGuffins set up as a full service restaurant that can be accessed without having to pay for a movie ticket.
Slight differences exist per market, but nationwide, no person under age 17 is admitted into an R-rated film without a parent or guardian aged 21 or older purchasing their ticket and joining them in the theater.
Those who do meet or exceed the age of 17 but look under the age of 25 must present a photo ID with name and date of birth to be admitted to such movies.
Most locations operate under the main AMC brand after the Carmike merger, but AMC introduced two additional brands for their theaters.
Along with their main AMC brand, previously AMC has operated locations under the Loews, Starplex, Showcase, and Magic (Johnson) Theatres names, among others, but as of February 28, 2017, have started phasing those brands out along with Carmike's own brands (Carmike, Muvico, Digiplex, Sundance, and GKC) and is unifying them under one of three names.
Although the announcement was made on March 1, 2017 one location acquired from Carmike was re-branded to AMC Classic on February 23, 2017, seven days before the announcement.
The main AMC brand is being used at most locations and will include premium features such as recliner seating, reserved seating, MacGuffins bars, and large format auditoriums such as IMAX.
Since the purchase, some AMC Classic locations have undergone refurbishments to add expanded concessions options (including an expanded menu, MacGuffins bars, and Coca-Cola Freestyle machines), upgraded AV equipment, and reclining seats.
Some theatres like Festival Plaza 16 in Montgomery, Alabama, and Palm Promenade 24 in San Diego, California were formerly part of the main AMC brand.
In several markets, AMC offers Dine-In Theaters branded as Fork and Screen, Cinema Suites, and Red Kitchen which offer the option to order full meals and alcoholic beverages.
After the Carmike merger, AMC announced that all locations with full kitchen service will be unified under the AMC Dine-In brand phasing out the current sub-brands and the brands used by Carmike: Ovation, Sundance, and Bogart's.
The AMC Citywalk Stadium 19 located in Universal Studios Hollywood's Citywalk was rebranded under this name in December 2016, and was renovated and had its grand reopening on April 25, 2017 under the new brand.
AMC Theatres has also had some endeavors that did not prove as viable, such as experimenting with 16 mm film for projection and selling microwave popcorn at concession stands in the South several years ago.
They also stumbled by agreeing to install the Sony Dynamic Digital Sound system in all their new locations, rather than the more popular Dolby Digital or DTS systems.
While the majority of major releases have all three digital tracks, including SDDS, most independent and smaller-budget films only have Dolby Digital tracks, leaving many theaters in AMC's otherwise ultra-modern megaplexes showing films in analog sound.
In July 1994, AMC Theatres signed an agreement with Sony to begin installing Dolby Digital in auditoriums, and in 2003 began upgrading selected older auditoriums.
AMC announced an agreement on March 26, 2009, to convert 1,500 existing auditoriums to fully digital 3D screens using RealD technology.
On March 30, 2009, AMC announced they will convert all 4500 screens in their chain to 4K digital projectors provided by Sony.
In competition with IMAX, AMC had begun its conversion at select locations to the 'Enhanced Theatre Experience' (ETX), with the installation of larger screens, 12-channel surround sound, and digital projection (utilizing either Sony 4K projection or Christie DLP technology).
The Planet Movies by AMC venture planned to open complexes worldwide with the objective of having icon locations in major metropolitan and other select areas, like Orlando and Columbus.
Initially, seven existing, unnamed AMC megaplex theaters with more than 150 combined screens were to be re-branded under a license arrangement to incorporate certain elements of the new concept.
The AMC Pleasure Island 24 megaplex in Orlando, situated directly across from Planet Hollywood's most successful restaurant and retail unit and adjacent to Disney's Pleasure Island (now Disney Springs) was to be the first Planet Movies location.
After the initial seven, the joint-venture planned to own and operate all subsequent units including 8 to 10 complexes with 200 to 250 screens planned to open over the next 18 to 24 months.
The only Planet Movies location to actually open, a 30 screen megaplex, did so in the summer of 1999 at Easton Town Center in Columbus, Ohio.
As Planet Hollywood was preparing to emerge from bankruptcy in October 1999 their re-organization plan emphasized focus back on their core restaurant business and away from side-ventures like Planet Movies and their Cool Planet ice cream chain.
The Planet Hollywood restaurant and All Star Café in Columbus were closed in late 2000, and the film memorabilia were also removed from the theater as it was rebranded AMC Easton 30, and continues to operate.
Both of the Disney Parks in the United States at one time included AMC movie theaters at their Downtown Disney sections: AMC Dine-In Disney Springs 24 all-stadium-seating megaplex with Dolby Cinema and Dine-In Theatres (opened in 1996) (formerly AMC Pleasure Island 24) at Walt Disney World Resort and AMC Downtown Disney 12 at Disneyland Resort stadium-seating multiplex (opened in 2001, closed in 2018).
Universal Studios Hollywood also contains an AMC location, called Universal Cinema, an AMC Theatre, that in the past was a Cineplex Odeon.
At Universal Studios Orlando, AMC had the Universal Cineplex 20 (also a former Cineplex Odeon), until September 2018 when it became a Cinemark.
AMC Independent (also known as AMCi) is an AMC film distribution program that aim to help independent filmmakers get their films in front of theatrical audiences.
The program was announced in 2010 via the AMC Blog and has been responsible for promoting and distributing all independent films to AMC theaters since.
In March 2002, AMC bought General Cinema Corporation, which added 66 theaters with 621 screens to the company assets, as well as Gulf States Theaters, which had five theaters with 68 screens in the greater New Orleans area.
On January 26, 2006, AMC merged with Loews Cineplex Entertainment to form AMC Entertainment; the deal brought in AMC's fold of the entire Loews and American Cineplex chains, along with Magic Theatres (named after NBA player Magic Johnson) and Star Theatres, based in Metro Detroit.
In 2010, AMC acquired Chicago-based Kerasotes Showplace Theatres, LLC for $275 million, combining the nation's second and sixth largest movie theater chains, except for the Showplace 14 in New Jersey and the Showplace ICON theatres.
On March 3, 2016, AMC announced its intent to acquire Carmike Cinemas in a $1.1 billion deal, pending regulatory and shareholder approval, which would allow it to overtake Regal as the United States' largest movie theater chain.
In July 2016, UCI & Odeon Cinema Group was sold to AMC for approximately $1.21 billion, subject to European Commission approval.
In January 2017, Nordic Cinema Group, the leading movie theater operator in the Nordic and Baltic area, was sold to AMC for approximately $929 million.
The early versions of stadium-style seating as built in 1995 had auditoriums configured with an entrance to a flat area in front of the screen for wheelchair users; persons sitting there had to either lean back or look up at an uncomfortable angle to see the screen.
Able-bodied guests had to ascend the stairs to sit in the middle of the risers in order to have a comfortable line-of-sight with the screen.
Since some wheelchair users may have limited neck movement range, this configuration made AMC a popular target for Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lawsuits.
AMC subsequently solved the problem in newer theaters by building full-stadium auditoriums where the main entrance is through a ramp that emerges onto a platform in the middle of the risers so that wheelchair users can enjoy optimal line-of-sight.
However, the U.S. Department of Justice sued the company, and obtained an order requiring AMC to retrofit over 1,990 screens in 95 multiplexes and megaplexes across the United States.
The company successfully appealed the order to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which ruled on December 5, 2008, that the order was grossly overboard and violated AMC's due process rights under the Constitution of the United States.
AMC won by pointing out that the United States Access Board had not yet amended its guidelines for movie theaters to specifically require theaters to provide wheelchair guests sightlines that were as good as those from elevated risers, versus merely providing an unobstructed view of the screen.
Therefore, the court ruled that it was unfair to AMC to retroactively hold it to a standard which did not exist at the time it began building stadium-style theaters.
Introduced by Phil Hartman and read live by Handey (neither actually appeared on screen), the one-liners proved to be extremely popular.
Handey is also credited with creating Toonces the Driving Cat, the cat who could drive a car, although not very well.
Handey, who owned a real cat by the same name, once said he could not remember exactly how he dreamed up the premise.
A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is most often performed by an audiologist using an audiometer.
Prior to the hearing test itself, the ears of the client are usually examined with an otoscope to make sure they are free of wax, that the eardrum is intact, the ears are not infected, and the middle ear is free of fluid (indicating middle ear infection).
The most common reasons to develop hearing loss due to genetic disorder, ageing problems, exposure to noise pollution, infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.
The standard and most common type of hearing test is pure tone audiometry, which measures the air and bone conduction thresholds for each ear in a set of 8 standard frequencies from 250Hz to 8000Hz.
The test is conducted in a sound booth using either a pair of foam inserts or supraural headphones connected to an external audiometer.
There is also a high frequency version of the test which tests frequencies over 8000Hz to 16000Hz which may be employed in special circumstances.
The availability of stereo headphones and smartphones or tablets equipped with sound reproduction systems led to the appearance of new audiologic diagnostic methods which help people identify their degree of hearing loss without assistance.
In the process of hearing test with specialized applications, initial hearing thresholds of perception of tone signals on different frequencies (audiogram) are identified.
Hearing thresholds, like with traditional audiometry, and with a special application, are determined on a standard set of frequencies from 125 Hz to 8 kHz.
Advantages of the audiometry conducted with a specialized application or hearing aid application include availability and possibility to do the hearing test without assistance.
Despite possible errors in the results of diagnostics, the undoubted advantages of hearing testing with a special application or hearing aid application include the ability to do the hearing test without assistance and the availability of hearing testing.
Scientists suggest that the hearing test using a mobile application can be used to identify hearing pathologies and also for hearing screening tests.
When the patient can no longer feel/hear the vibration, the tuning fork is held in front of the ear; the patient should once more be able to hear a ringing sound.
The patient is then asked if the sound is localised in the centre of the head or whether it is louder in either ear.
If there is conductive hearing loss, it is likely to be louder in the affected ear; if there is sensorineural hearing loss, it will be quieter in the affected ear.
This test helps the audiologist determine whether the hearing loss is conductive (caused by problems in the outer or middle ear) or sensorineural (caused by problems in the cochlea, the sensory organ of hearing) or neural - caused by a problem in the auditory nerve or auditory pathways/cortex of the brain.
In the test, the patient is required to repeat sentences both in a quiet environment and with competing noise being presented from different directions.
More specifically, there are four conditions: (1) sentences with no competing noise, (2) sentences with competing noise presented directly in front of the patient, (3) noise presented at 90° to the right of the patient, and (4) noise presented at 90° to the left of the patient.
The test measures signal to noise ratio for the different conditions which corresponds to how loud the sentences needed to be played above the noise so that the patient can repeat them correctly 50% of the time.
The Words-in-Noise Test (WIN) uses monosyllabic words presented at seven different signal to noise ratios with masking noise - typically speech spectrum noise.
Unlike a pure-tone audiogram, the WIN test may provide a more functional test of a person's hearing in a situation that is likely to occur.
The Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) is defined in the American National Standard ANSI S3.2 Methods for Measuring the Intelligibility of Speech Over Communication Systems.
The MRT has been extensively used by the US Air Force to test the performance of different communication systems, which often include a noise interference component.
The material continued to display the band's exploration of synthesizer-oriented music, this time with the addition of sampling, electronic drums, a string section, and choir, with power being a running lyrical theme.
In January 1986, the album reached platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for one million copies sold in the United States.
Drummer Neil Peart would write a set of lyrics from the studio's farmhouse while Lifeson and frontman Geddy Lee worked on music to fit Peart's words in the adjacent barn which housed a 24-track recording studio.
Lee and Lifeson sorted through jams recorded at soundchecks on tour and Lifeson's own tapes of ideas to assemble music for the three tracks, with each song taking up to a week.
Having worked out some material, Rush underwent a five-day warm-up tour in Florida in March 1985 to sharpen their performance and to test the new songs on stage prior to recording.
Following their warm-up gigs, the band returned to Elora and continued working on their new songs, their break away being a positive impact on their work upon returning.
Upon presenting his words to Lee and Lifeson, his lyrics fit to the piece of music that his bandmates were working on at the time.
He added that the album contained elements that Rush had not incorporated before and broke several boundaries that had existed with previous albums.
Recording began at The Manor Studios in Oxfordshire, England, where the basic rhythm, keyboards, and bass tracks were recorded more quickly than usual, in the span of five weeks, to capture more spontaneous performances ready for overdubs.
It was during sessions at The Manor where Rush brought in musician Andy Richards to play additional synthesizers and assist in their programming.
His rig consisted of a PPG Wave 2.3 synthesizer connected to a Roland Super Jupiter module through a MIDI system, a Yamaha QX-1 digital sequencer, and a Roland Jupiter-8 and Yamaha DX7 synthesizer.
They had discussed recording at the studio for several years and booked the facility for three weeks for Lifeson to record guitar overdubs.
Collins recalled this period of recording as painstaking work due to the various combination of microphone and amplifier set-ups that were experimented.
Mixing began in July after the band took a one-week break from the material, which coincided with decisions on the final running order, artwork, credits, and photos.
Rush wanted musician and arranger Anne Dudley to complete the string arrangements, which she agreed to do, and the group was conducted by Andrew Pryce Jackman.
The album completed, Lee oversaw the mastering in New York City in September, and proofs were approved for the album cover.
The track was difficult for the band to put together, partly due to Peart's difficulty in writing lyrics from an objective point of view, rather than as an observer of the event.
After Peart had written some lyrical ideas he went through them with Lee, who noticed it was telling a story and found them difficult to sing once he and Lifeson had developed music for them.
The pictures on the front and back covers were painted by Hugh Syme, from reference photos taken by photographer Dimo Safari, and the model is Neill Cunningham from Toronto.
AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia retrospectively described the album as Rush's coldest album, citing the sparse, horn-like guitar playing of Lifeson, the prominent synthesizer of Lee and Peart's crisp, clinical percussion and stark lyrical themes.
Although the original recording had a SPARS code of DDD and was considered to be of good quality, a remastered edition was issued in 1997.
The high definition master prepared for this release was also made available for purchase in a 24-bit/48 kHz digital format at several high-resolution audio online music stores.
Schwartzman was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of actress Talia Shire (née Coppola) and the late producer Jack Schwartzman.
Many other members of Schwartzman's family are involved in film and entertainment: he is the nephew of Francis Ford Coppola and Anton Coppola; cousin of Nicolas Cage, Sofia Coppola, Roman Coppola, and Christopher Coppola; and grandson of Italia Coppola (née Pennino) and Carmine Coppola.
The album had musical contributions by members of Incubus, as well as appearances by actresses Zooey Deschanel and Kirsten Dunst and Schwartzman's brother Robert.
Schwartzman has said in various interviews during South by Southwest (SXSW) that he is currently writing new material for Coconut Records and will be recording in the next year.
Lake George is also the name of a locality on the western and southern edges of the lake, within the area of the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council.
Originally, small streams drained its catchment into the Yass River, but then the Lake George Escarpment rose due to major crustal movement along a strong fault line, blocking this drainage and forming the lake.
The thickness of sediment beneath the lake exceeds , according to a Bureau of Mineral Resources Canberra drilling programme in the 1982/83 summer.
The oldest sediments, which lie some distance above the bedrock, were dated at 4–5 million years using spore and pollen analysis and magnetic reversal stratigraphy.
Resultant evaporation rates as well as a tendency for strong winds to blow the water back on itself explain the mysterious filling and drying episodes on both short term (hours) and long term (years) time scales that have been observed.
Lake George is the site of an experimental scientific wave behaviour platform established by researchers from the Civil Engineering department of the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra.
Lake George was an important subject for the Canberra artist, Rosalie Gascoigne (1917-1999) who told Kate Davidson in 1996 that she ‘was enraptured with the feeling of getting out of my car at the top of the range above Lake George and Gundaroo and seeing Australia stretch away under a big dome of sky.
They were a sensation, but the Government of New South Wales ordered that they be removed, following a complaint from the leaseholder of the land.
The first European to visit the lake was Joseph Wild on 19 August 1820, and it was named for King George III on 28 October 1820 by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who was touring the area as part of a Royal Commission inquiring into the condition of the Colony.
A large and beautiful billabong existed at the northern end of the lake, and in the 1850s it was stocked by the landowner with Murray cod fished out of the Molonglo River at Yarralumla.
In their search for water to survive in, the Murray cod flocked into the mouths of the few small creeks feeding the lake and were killed by the thousands.
In the early 1900s an area immediately to the east of the lake was surveyed as a possible site for the capital city of Australia.
During World War II, a wooden 'dummy' ship was floated on the lake and used for bombing practice by the Royal Australian Air Force.
Due to the ongoing drought in New South Wales, Lake George dried out completely in November 2002, and remained so until February 2010 when it started to refill.
The previous time the lake had dried out completely was during a severe drought in the 1940s, although it was partially dry in 1986, leaving large pools of water.
In the intervening years the level of water in the lake had never been as high as that in September 2016.
The unusual fluctuations in the water level have given rise to fanciful urban myths that the lake is somehow connected to lakes in Peru or South Africa, although NSW government ecologist Justin Nancarrow theorises that the lake may indeed be connected to the nearby Yass River by subterranean aquifers which pass under the surrounding escarpment, and that this connection may explain the salinity of the river.
Lake George is a locality covering territory on the western and southern edges of the lake, largely within the area of the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council, although some hillside areas are in the Yass Valley Council.
The cities of Devils Lake, North Dakota and Minnewaukan, North Dakota take their name from the lake as does the Spirit Lake Reservation, which is located on the lake's southern shores.
The Sisseton, Wahpeton, and Cut-Head bands of Dakotas were relocated to the Spirit Lake Reservation as a result of the 1867 treaty with the United States that established a reservation for Dakotas who had not been forcibly relocated to Crow Creek Reservation in what is now called South Dakota.
At , the combined lake flows naturally into the Sheyenne River, though the lake has not reached this level in approximately 1,000 years.
The Sheyenne River is a tributary to the Red River, which flows into Canada, with eventual exit into the Hudson Bay.
During periods of excessive precipitation, however, the lake can be up to deep, eutrophic (rich in minerals, nutrients, and organisms), with decreased salinity due to dilution.
Because Devils Lake is endorheic, the lake tends to be much higher in salinity than are lakes with outlets to river systems.
Salinity levels in the lake have been one prominent aspect of the debate over diversion of lake water into the Sheyenne River, with questions of the potential environmental impact of the diverted water on downstream rivers, lakes, and communities.
Devils Lake is well known for its wide variations in lake levels, with large swings between low and high water levels.
The low, flat terrain around Devils Lake consists of various coulees, channels, and basins, which may be separated during times of low water, or connected during high water.
Drainage of the basin's wetlands and conversion of the basin's native prairie to cropland has resulted in water moving more rapidly into the lake, increasing water levels.
An increase in precipitation between 1993 and 1999 caused the lake to double in size, forcing the displacement of more than 300 homes and flooding of farmland.
Future climate as projected by 17 different global climate models indicates overall increase in both precipitation and temperature in the Devils Lake region leading to the lake's overspill probability (24-47% without the outlet and 3.5-14.4% with the full capacity outlet) into the nearby Sheyenne River.
In response to the flooding, the U.S. Congress directed the Army Corps of Engineers to research construction of an outlet in 1997 to control the lake level through methods other than evaporation or natural overflow.
The state of North Dakota objected to the cost and certain water quality provisions of the plan, and declined to participate in construction of the Corps' outlet.
In 2003, the state constructed its own outlet to divert water from Devils Lake into the Sheyenne River, at a cost of $28 million.
Other parks on the lake include Black Tiger State Recreation Area and Shelvers Grove State Recreation Area, which is now closed due to the lake's flooding.
Some stakeholders argued for construction of an emergency outlet into the Sheyenne River, which is a tributary of the Red River of the North.
The Army Corps of Engineers proposed to draw water from a different point of the lake, provide filtration, and discharge a maximum of of water from Devil's Lake, in order to lessen dependence on overflow or evaporation to reduce water levels.
The Corps of Engineers estimated its project costs to amount to $186.5 million, with the United States Congress designating $100 million to the project; North Dakota would have paid the remaining amount.
Because the project potentially affected the Red River of the North, which runs into Canadian waters, the project was considered to be covered by the Boundary Waters Treaty, and international issues were raised.
Instead it constructed its own outlet, with approval of the North Dakota Department of Health, the U.S. State Department, and Council on Environmental Quality.
This outlet, which cost $28 million, has a lower maximum discharge than the federal proposal (limited to a maximum of by the Section 402 NDPDES Permit); its gravel filter removes only larger organisms.
They argue the outlet would create the potential for the transfer of unknown foreign aquatic species and high levels of sulfates into the Red River basin, an important agricultural area, and Lake Winnipeg, the world's 10th-largest freshwater lake.
In March 2004, Manitoba, along with Minnesota and several environmental groups, sued the North Dakota Department of Health in state court over the Devils Lake Outlet 402 NDPDES Permit.
The Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 established an intermediary, the International Joint Commission (IJC), through which the United States and Canada can solve cross-boundary water disputes, but the commission has no power to act without invocation by both nations.
Canada attempted to invoke the IJC for purposes of conflict resolution, but the United States did not, effectively preventing the IJC from taking part in the controversy.
The Government of Canada argues that the diversion by the state, without consultation or approval from Canada, is a violation of the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 and Canada's national sovereignty.
In November 2005, a joint United States and Canadian study concluded that none of the 13 species Canada classifies as invasive were present in Devils Lake.
The study did find three species of fish parasites that are not currently known to exist in Lake Winnipeg (to which the Red River flows).
In addition, the Devils Lake Basin is significantly smaller than the watersheds feeding Lake Winnipeg, including the Saskatchewan River basin at approximately .
Drawing conclusions about the biological community already in Lake Winnipeg is difficult, due to the relative lack of biological sampling there compared to that of the smaller Devils Lake.
Due to the rising waters of the Devils Lake and its basin, streams can flow into the Red River Valley or the Devils Lake Basin.
The carp's fast reproductive growth and the lack of carp predators in the lake will likely help it to dramatically increase in population.
This could have drastic consequences for existing populations of game fish, such as the walleye and northern pike, which could greatly harm the sport fishing industry.
Some preventive measures have been proposed, including inserting chemicals in the creeks along the boundary of the Devils Lake Basin and the Red River Valley to kill fish.
Biologists did tests in 2005 which conclude that there are currently no carp in the Devils Lake Basin, but some have been found within two miles (3 km).
Due to the lake's rising waters, the BNSF Railway temporarily suspended freight traffic between Devils Lake and Church's Ferry, a total of , during 2009–2013.
To compensate for the loss of station stops at Grand Forks, Devils Lake, and Rugby, North Dakota that would have been caused by the shift, BNSF suggested that Amtrak add a station stop at New Rockford, North Dakota.
In 2010, analysts estimated that Amtrak would soon either have to rebuild the bridge that crosses the lake at Church's Ferry, or reroute its passenger trains.
On June 15, 2011, BNSF and Amtrak agreed to rebuild the rail line, whereby each would cover one-third of the cost.
The growth of freight traffic associated with oil from the Bakken formation in this period resulted in BNSF upgrading its assessment of the importance of the Devils Lake line.
When the habitats dry up, the adult fish die and the eggs survive encased in the clay during the dry season.
A special promotion of Gillette razors and blueblades sold four times better than company estimates, resulting in the company seeking out additional sponsorships for sporting events.
The Gillette stable of radio sports programs spanned several different networks (including the NBC Red Network, CBS Radio Network and the Mutual Broadcasting System) and grew to include not only ongoing sponsorship deals with Major League Baseball for the World Series and All-Star Game, but the annual Kentucky Derby horse race and the Cotton Bowl Classic and Orange Bowl in college football.
The diversified field of sporting events continued onto television, reportedly including at least two golfing tournaments as well as college football's Blue–Gray Classic and (beginning in 1958) the Rose Bowl game.
The twice-weekly 1946 shows began on Monday, November 8 at 9:00 p.m. and Friday, November 12 at 9:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
Both were open-ended programs – as the station signed off the air after the last bout ended (in the early days of television, most stations did not have late-night local newscasts).
St. Nicholas Arena in New York City was the site of the earliest bouts and continued to host the Monday night fights until that program's cancellation in May 1949.
The Friday night program, broadcast from Madison Square Garden lasted until June 24, 1960, a 14-year period which is, by far, the longest continuous run of any boxing program in television history.
Every great boxer of the time – including among others Rocky Marciano, Sugar Ray Robinson, Archie Moore, Rocky Graziano, Willie Pep – appeared on one or more of its broadcasts.
In the early years of television, there was a saturation of boxing programs, as many as six prime-time network programs in one week, not even counting the myriad local shows.
Bob Haymes (using the stage name Bob Stanton) was the program's original announcer; he was joined by Ray Forrest in 1948.
Jimmy Powers took over the role in 1949 and remained NBC's main boxing announcer until the network ceased carrying prime time boxing matches in 1960.
It received quite a bit of airplay on U.S. radio programs, and was used in the repertoire of many high school and college bands of the period.
Coleco's Head-to-Head Boxing handheld video game, released in 1981, played the most identifiable eight-note part of the tune when turned on and the first three notes of that at the start of each round.
According to Nielsen, the program finished at #6 for the 1950-51 season; it slide to #19 in 1951-52 and then to #24 in 1952-53 before rebounding somewhat to #18 in 1953-54.
Its schedule included the MLB Game of the Week aired on Saturday afternoons, the MLB All-Star Game in the midseason and the fall World Series.
He is particularly remembered for his emotional description on the second of four matches held between Pep and Saddler, which was aired in February 1949.
When nearby Wentworth, Irymple, Nichols Point and Merbein are included, the area had an estimated urban population of 51,903 at June 2018, having grown marginally at an average annual rate of 0.88% year-on-year over the preceding five years.
Langtree Avenue is the main shopping and dining precinct in Mildura, with the middle section of the street a pedestrian mall.
The other major retail precinct is along Fifteenth Street in the Mildura South area, where a mid-sized undercover shopping mall and several big box stores are located.
The urban area of Mildura is surrounded by irrigated horticulture, where the original grape and citrus blocks were located with water irrigated from the Murray River.
While it was the name of the sheep station, without precedent in the English language, most historians believe it to have originated from Aboriginal Australian words.
A major drought in Victoria from 1877 to 1884 prompted Alfred Deakin, then a minister in the State Government and chairman of a Royal Commission on water supply to visit the irrigation areas of California.
In 1886, Canadian-American irrigator George Chaffey came to Australia and selected a derelict sheep station known as Mildura as the site for his first irrigation settlement, signing an agreement with the Victorian government to spend at least £300,000 on permanent improvements at Mildura in the next twenty years.
In 2004 there was a controversial proposal by the Victorian Government to build a state-level Long Term Containment Facility (LTCF) for Industrial Waste in Nowingi, approximately 50 km south of Mildura.
The site is a small enclave of state forest surrounded by national park, and contains habitat important to a number of threatened species.
The abandoning of the LTCF proposal was received with jubilation by opponents of the LTCF not only in the Mildura area and elsewhere in Victoria, but also across the border in South Australia where there were fears that in reputation, if not in substance, the toxic waste could affect the water supply via the Murray River and thereby the fruit-growing industries of the Riverland and Murraylands.
On 10 January 2007 the Victorian Government did not rule out some form of reimbursement for the Rural City of Mildura council's legal and other costs in opposing the LTCF.
Mildura is situated on flat land without hills or mountains on the southern bank of the Murray River and surrounded to the west, north and east by lakes and billabongs including Lake Hawthorn, Lake Ranfurly and Lake Gol Gol.
Several towns surround Mildura on the flat plains including Merbein to the west as well as Irymple and Red Cliffs to the south which could be considered suburban areas or satellite towns separated by small stretches of open farmland.
While the land along the river and irrigation channels is fertile, much of the land around Mildura is also dry, saline and semi-arid.
The population has been growing rapidly for several decades and most of the residential growth has occurred in the south-western and southern parts of the urban area.
However, this shopping precinct competes with the Mildura Central Shopping Centre, located at the opposite end of the urban area on the corner of Fifteenth Street and Deakin Avenue.
The tallest buildings are the two storey 1934 Old Mildura Base Hospital, two storey Marina Dockside apartments completed in 2010 and the three storey tower/spire of the 1920s T&G building.
Rainfall totals are about 280 mm a year and are spread evenly across the months and seasons with Winter and Spring having the most rainy days.
Mildura experiences some very hot days in summer with temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F) on a number of days per year.
Mildura is part of the Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone, in which fruits or vegetables may not be taken into the area (they can, however, be taken out).
This is to stop the Queensland fruit fly from invading crops and plantations which could have a devastating effect on the economy.
Mildura Central's (formerly Centro Mildura) extensive redevelopment in 2005 has positioned the centre as the major shopping destination within the Sunraysia region.
Mildura Central is also the only fully enclosed, air-conditioned centre in this area and offers a retail mix including representation from a number of national fashion stores.
Serving a primary trade area population of 60,000 residents, Mildura Central also receives consumers from beyond the trade area including the Riverland, Swan Hill, Robinvale and Broken Hill.
It includes a large Target, a Big W to the side of Mildura Central, a 19 aisle Woolworths and a Coles supermarket across the road.
Mildura's location in Victoria and consistently strong local lobbying has seen the Government of Victoria take an interest in the city as a possible centre for population and industry decentralisation programs.
There have been numerous proposals involving the state government for large scale developments and investments, many ambitious and speculative that have been shelved indefinitely.
Given the large amount of sunlight Mildura receives, it is the site for several proposals for large scale solar power in Australia including a massive solar updraft tower proposal in 2004 and 2010.
In 2013, Mildura Solar Concentrator Power Station, a 1.5 MW demonstration plant, was commissioned by Silex Systems and it was expected to be expanded to 100 MW by 2017.
However, in August 2014, the project was abandoned by Silex, due to lack of commitment to renewable energy by the Abbott government.
The government's plans to scrap the praised Renewable Energy Target (RET) in Australia were cited as one of the main reasons for abandoning the project.
Organisations such as the Red Cliffs Musical Society, Eisteddfod, Mildura Ballet Guild and Mildura Country Music Festival have helped grow a reputation for home grown talent and creative community.
The hub of this community is the Mildura Arts Centre, which began as a gallery space at Rio Vista House in the 1950s and became fully established in 1956 with the building of a new regional art gallery and performing arts theatre.
Mildura is host to many annual festivals such as the Mildura Country Music Festival, the International Balloon Fiesta, the Jazz Food & Wine Festival, Mildura Wentworth Arts Festival, Murray River International Music Festival, Mildura Writers Festival, Mildura Palimpsest, and the Mildura Show.
In 2018 Mildura recorded the highest rural crime rate in Victoria and the fourth highest crime rate in the state overall.
Mildura has long been associated with the Calabrian Mafia, with claims made by police in 1966 that annual organised crime meetings were held in Mildura to co-ordinate nationwide criminal activities.
During the 1980s the Mildura Mafia emerged as a major crime group that dominated marijuana production in Australia and ran an Australia-wide money-laundering network.
Several notable mafia murders have been linked to the region including the suspected mafia hit on 43-year-old Marco Medici in 1983, police believe the murder may be connected to the assassination of anti-drug crusader Donald MacKay at Griffith in 1977.
In 1982, 42-year-old Mildura greengrocer Dominic Marafiote and his parents were murdered after Marafiote gave South Australian police the names of Calabrian mafia bosses in South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales.
In 2016 Mildura residents Nicola Ciconte, Vincenzo Medici and Michael Calleja were convicted and sentenced in Italy for their role in a plot to smuggle up to 500 kilograms of cocaine into Australia.
In 2014, a Mildura-based Comancheros Motorcycle Club member and former Australian Defence Force (ADF) sniper, Joshua Faulkhead, was arrested after being caught transporting large quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy between Sydney and Mildura.
Later that same year, Stephen Gillard and Geoffrey Hitchen from South Penrith, were arrested for possession of $300,000 worth of methamphetamines in scrubland off the Mallee Highway at Tutye, west of Ouyen.
In 2017, a joint Australian Federal Police (AFP) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigation lead to the seizure of $2.4 million in cash at the Mildura Airport, after 255 kilograms crystal methamphetamine were found at a storage facility in Northern California in June.
The bust was part of an investigation into an alleged conspiracy to use a light plane to export drugs from the US to Australia.
The 72-year-old pilot, a 52-year-old man, from Zetland and a 58 year old Melbourne man were charged with conspiracy to import a commercial quantity of border controlled drugs and money laundering offences.
That arrests were connected to $2.4 million which was found in Mildura, in a prime mover that was driven from Adelaide in April.
Local radio stations include ABC Local Radio (National), RIVER1467AM (3ML)(Commercial), 97.9 Sun FM Sunraysia (Commercial), 99.5 Star FM (Commercial), and Hot FM (Community).
Local TV stations include ABC Television (ABC1), SBS Television (SBS ONE), Prime7, WIN Television, Mildura Digital Television, 7Two, 7mate, GO!, GEM, ABC2, ABC3, ABC News 24, SBS HD, SBS Two, One HD and Eleven.
The Sunraysia region, including the city of Mildura, was the first region in Australia to switch off analogue TV broadcast in the implementation of the country's DTV transition process.
Mildura has nine Australian Rules football teams competing in the Sunraysia Football League; Imperials, Mildura, South Mildura, Irymple, Robinvale-Euston, Wentworth, Merbein, Red Cliffs and Ouyen United.
Roller Derby is a growing sport in the region, with Mildura having their own league, (Mildura Roller Derby League) the team participates in competitions around Victoria and at least annually, will hold a tournament in Mildura.
The SCA consists of 8 teams, Coomealla-Wentworth, Merbein South, Irymple, Mildura East, Mildura Settlers, Mildura West, Nichols Point and Workers-Gol Gol.
Mildura has a horse racing club, the Mildura Racing Club, which schedules around nine race meetings a year including the Mildura Cup meeting in May.
The Sunraysia Baseball Association plays during autumn and winter and has six baseball clubs in the league; Hawks, Saints, Eagles, Wanderers, Tigers and Tornadoes formed in 2010.
Basketball also has a large following in Mildura with hundreds of teams in all divisions entered in the Mildura Basketball Association's summer league.
Association football (soccer) also has a large following in Mildura, with there being a popular junior and senior league played during the winter months.
The league consists of six teams, those being Three Colours, Mildura City, Mildura United, Irymple Knights, Nichols Point and Northern Suns.
It has several tracks in the region to cater for different types of motor sports including the Mildura Kart Club (Go-Kart racing), Timmis Speedway (Automobile speedway), Olympic Park Speedway (Motorcycle speedway), Sunset Strip (1/8 mile drag racing), and North West Victoria Motorcycle Club.
Mildura is on the intersection of the Sturt Highway from Adelaide to Sydney, and the Calder Highway to Melbourne via Bendigo.
CDC Mildura, BusBiz and Dysons operate V/Line bus services that connect Mildura to various parts of Victoria and southern New South Wales.
Mildura Airport is the third busiest airport in Victoria, serviced by three QantasLink flights daily to Melbourne (with four services on Thursday & Friday), three Regional Express Airlines flights to Melbourne, with Regional Express flights daily to Adelaide, Sydney and Broken Hill.
In 1905, a small group of Sisters of Mercy came from Wentworth to Mildura and established a convent in a weatherboard building on the corner of Pine Avenue and Tenth Street.
Catholic secondary education commenced in Mildura in 1906 when the Sisters of Mercy began conducting classes in rooms attached to the original convent in Pine Avenue.
The Certificate of Registration of a School dated 31 December 1906, indicates that sub-primary, primary and secondary classes were being conducted from convent at the time.
In 1911 boarding school facilities were provided in Olive Avenue and in 1914 a new school was erected in Walnut Avenue.
The College has well equipped classrooms, science and computer laboratories, creative arts and design and technology complex, religious education centre, library, sports facilities, staff and student amenities.
The College has been closely linked with the development of Mildura since the opening of the irrigation settlement by the Chaffey's in the 1880s.
For example, in 1890 the Governor of Victoria, Lord Hopetoun, laid the foundation stone of what was to become the Chaffey Agricultural College, but unfortunately, because of financial difficulties, the College was not built.
In 1911, the Education Department of Victoria agreed to erect a high school on the Chaffey College site, and Mildura High School was officially opened in September 1912.
As part of a strategic plan by the Ministry of Education in 1990, Mildura High School changed its name to Mildura Secondary College to reflect the changing nature of educational delivery in secondary schools.
Again as a result of restructuring in education provision since 1995 the College has been known as Mildura Senior College, catering exclusively for the final two years of secondary education.
Mildura Senior College has a long and distinguished history of providing quality educational pathways to thousands of young people living in Sunraysia.
Chaffey Secondary College is a Victorian State Government secondary school catering for students in Years 7 to 10 located in Deakin Avenue.
Students and families participate in a program of course counseling and student-led presentations each term to help students create the most appropriate course for their ability, pathway and interests.
Faraway Hill was the first soap opera broadcast on an American television network, airing on the DuMont Television Network on Wednesday nights at 9:00 PM between October 2 and December 18, 1946.
A widowed New York City resident, Karen St. John (played by Flora Campbell), moved to a small town to be near relatives.
The half-hour show was broadcast live, although filmed excerpts were interspersed, and slides of scenes from previous shows were included in later episodes to bring viewers up to date with regard to plot elements which had previously transpired.
Kalman was born in Budapest and became a U.S. resident in 1956, after he and his family fled Hungary to escape the Soviet invasion, settling in Poughkeepsie, New York.
In 1967 he enrolled in NYU, dropping out after one year of Journalism classes to travel to Cuba to harvest sugar cane and learn about Cuban culture as a member of the Venceremos Brigade.
In 1971 Kalman returned to New York City where he was hired by Leonard Riggio for a small bookstore that eventually became Barnes & Noble.
He later became the creative director of their in-house design department where he designed advertisements, store signs, shopping bags, and the original B&N bookplate trademark.
In 1979 Kalman, Carol Bokuniewicz, and Liz Trovato started the design firm M & Co., which did corporate work for such diverse clients as the Limited Corporation, the new wave group Talking Heads, and Restaurant Florent in New York City's Meatpacking District.
He believed that award-winning design was only possible when the client was ethical, and frequently called other designers out when he didn't agree with their actions.
He defined good design as a benefit to everyday life and should be used to increase public awareness of social issues.
Kalman adopted a vernacular style as a way to protest corporate International Style which was the primary design style of the time.
This perspective was communicated through bold graphic design, typography, and juxtaposition of photographs and doctored images, including a series in which highly recognizable figures such as the Pope and Queen Elizabeth were depicted as racial minorities.
The program included comedians, musicians, entertaining films (such as a film of dance in South America), and a long, live commercial for the sponsor's products.
Such famous names as Doodles Weaver, Bert Lahr, Dennis Day, Anton Reiter, Jerry Colonna, Peggy Lee and Joe Besser appeared on the program.
Another factor was that James Petrillo, president of the American Federation of Musicians forbade musicians from performing on television without an agreement between the AFM and the networks, thus limiting directors and performers to use of recorded music and lip sync.
They later joined the Thurrock Combination, winning the League Cup in 1952–53 and the league and League Cup double in 1955–56.
In 1964 the league merged with the Aetolian League to form the Greater London League, with the club placed in the A division.
In 1971 the Greater London League merged with the Metropolitan League to form the Metropolitan–London League, with Canvey Island placed in Division One.
After winning the league and League Cup again under Jeff King in 1992–93, a season which also saw the club reach the semi-finals of the FA Vase, they moved up to Division Three of the Isthmian League in 1994.
They also reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time, eventually losing 4–1 to Brighton in a replay.
Although Canvey Island were relegated back to Division Two at the end of the 1996–97 season, they were Division Two champions in 1997–98 and Division One champions in 1998–99 as successive promotions saw them reach the league's Premier Division.
In 2000–01 they finished as league runners-up, and also reached the second round of the FA Cup; the first round saw them beat Second Division Port Vale 2–1 in a replay at Vale Park after a 4–4 draw at Park Lane.
In the second round the club were drawn at home to near-neighbours Third Division Southend United; in a game switched to Southend's Roots Hall, they lost 2–1.
However, the club's biggest success came in the FA Trophy, where they reached the final at Villa Park after beating three teams from the Football Conference.
In the final the club beat favourites Forest Green Rovers 1–0, becoming the first team from the Isthmian League to win the competition for 20 years.
The following season saw them finish as Premier Division runners-up again, as well as reaching the third round of the 2001–02.
After winning 1–0 against Football League clubs Wigan Athletic and Northampton Town in both the first and second round, they lost 4–1 at Burnley in the third round.
In 2002–03 Canvey Island finished as Premier Division runners-up for a third consecutive season, but the following year saw them win the division to earn promotion to the Conference National.
The season had also seen them reach the FA Cup first round for a third time (again drawn to face Southend, they lost 3–2 in a replay at Park Lane after a 1–1 draw at Roots Hall) and the FA Trophy final, where they lost 3–2 to Hednesford Town.
After two seasons at the fifth level, King decided the poor attendances did not justify continued investment in the club and they took voluntary demotion to Division One North of the Isthmian League.
After defeating AFC Sudbury 3–2 in the semi-finals, they beat Redbridge 5–4 on penalties in the final after the match had ended 1–1 and were promoted back to the Premier Division.
Canvey Island were relegated back to the (renamed) North Division at the end of the 2016–17 season after finishing third-from-bottom of the Premier Division.
In the summer of 2018 it was announced that the club would also be hosting the home matches of Benfleet F.C.
Located in Laconia, in the Peloponnese, it used to form part of the municipal unit of Faris until 31 December 2010.
Since 1 January 2011, as part of the Kallikratis reform, it is one of the local communities of the municipality of Sparta.
These findings support the conclusion that the site has been since ancient times a stop on the road connecting Sparta and Messenia.
Folk tradition has it that Constantine Kolokotronis (father of famed hero Theodoros Kolokotronis) had sought refuge in this cave after being wounded defending the tower of the nearby village of Kastania, at the side of fellow revolutionary Panagiotaros Venetsanakos, a Maniot from Mesa Mani.
There are, however, positive signs of increased activity: the number of visits from emigrant Arniotes is on the rise, year round.
The Lingones were a Celtic tribe that originally lived in Gaul in the area of the headwaters of the Seine and Marne rivers.
Some of the Lingones migrated across the Alps and settled near the mouth of the Po River in Cisalpine Gaul of northern Italy around 400 BC.
The Gaulish Lingones were thoroughly Romanized by the 1st century, living in a rich and urbanized society in the region of Langres and Dijon and minting coins, but getting caught up in the Batavian rebellion (69 AD), described by Tacitus.
It was built on a rocky promontory above the Marne River, and still preserves some of its medieval fortifications, which afford panoramic views of the Marne Valley, the Langres plateau and the Vosges.
In Roman Britain, two cohorts of Lingones, probably subscripted from among the Lingones who had remained in the area of Langres and Dijon are attested in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, from dedicatory inscriptions and stamped tiles.
Contemporary advertising pointed out that it could fit under the seat in an airplane, with dimensions of 12 by 16 by 6 inches (321 by 413 by 159 mm).
Due to technical problems with prototypes and the corporate bankruptcy, by the time the CP/M Vixen was introduced, it had already been made obsolete by MS-DOS IBM PC compatibles.
A last ditch effort to design and market a fully IBM PC compatible produced three prototypes, but too late to save the company from bankruptcy.
An amalgam of several creatures, including monitor lizards, pythons and the Chinese alligator, the polymorphic dragon was a water spirit, responsible for bringing the rains and thus ensuring the survival of crops.
This latter feature most likely resulted from the observation of the living reptilian counterparts which, usually at rest, seem to be in a near constant state of contemplation.
Certain very old men were called dragons, these being well versed in the life-supporting skills of herbal medicine, agriculture, and kung fu.
In early China, these skills were surely a matter of life or death, and those so educated were held in high regard.
The history of Southern Dragon style has historically been transmitted orally rather than by text, so its origins will probably never be known in their entirety.
Modern Southern Dragon style's history can be reliably traced back to the monk Daai Yuk Sim Si who was the abbot of Wa Sau Toi (White Hair) temple on Mount Luofu.
Southern Dragon style has roots in a combination of the local styles of the Hakka heartland in inland eastern Guangdong with the style that the monk Ji Sin Sim Si taught in Guangdong and the neighboring province of Fujian in the 18th century.
North of the Dongjiang in the northwest of Bóluó (博羅) County in the prefecture of Huizhou in Guangdong Province is the sacred mountain Luófúshān.
Luófúshān is the site of many temples, including Wa Sau Toi where, c. 1900, a Chan (Zen) master named Daai Yuk taught Southern Dragon style to Lam Yiu Gwai (1874-1965), who in turn passed the art on to the many students of his schools in Guangzhou.
Lam Yiu Gwai and Jeung Lai Chuen (1880-1966) were good friends from their youth in the Dongjiang region of Huizhou, longtime training partners and later cousins by marriage.
Lam and Jeung would open several schools together, and Southern Dragon style and Jeung's style of Bak Mei share many similarities.
A variation of the Southern Dragon style is taught by the Long Choo Kung Fu Society based in Penang, Malaysia and with branches in Australia.
Founded by Li Ah Yu and his father near the turn of the 20th century, this association claims it is teaching a Soft/ Hard Dragon style originating from Fukkien province.
Southern Dragons kung fu is essential LU an internal, qi (pronounced chi) cultivation method, buy initialisation training is far more like a hard, external style, than the delicate approach an internal (like it's chi ch'uan or baguazhang) would have.
In leaning the moves, there student will strike hard, block hard and stomping into each position, with the idea of learning the properties place to be once each movement is complete.
Eventually, the method of transmittance power is retained, and the physically strengthened body is able to make transitions in the proper, fluid manner.
Once a purely physical semblance to flow has been mastered, the disciple incorporates the deep hissing sounds to train chi flow.
Qi control is highly developed, and the degree to which the body must be moved to redirect or avoid impact is under greater control.
Unlike Crane, which also relies heavily upon evasion as a tactic, the Dragon evades primarily by rotation of upper or lower torso with little or no stance movements, while the Crane stylist hops frequently to reposition the entire body.
Both styles employ pinpoint strikes to vulnerable meridian targets, but dragon also heavily uses tiger-like punches and clawing techniques, snake-like stance shifts, and leopard-like hit and run strikes to weaken a physically superior adversary.
Southern Dragon kung fu also regularly employs low sweeping techniques, but these are not unique; most senior stylists of any kung fu system use these on a weakened adversary.
The southern dragon stylist relies on a variety of fighting techniques that can be employed for a wide range of needs.
The style uses techniques that can cripple or kill an opponent if the need arises or it can be used simply to control a minor street fighting situation.
Lung Ying (Dragon form) focuses mainly on powerful, short range attacks, as is common among southern Chinese styles of kung fu.
The style was created as an aggressive combat art and operates under the basic assumption that you are trying to either disable your opponent to the point that they are no longer a threat in battle, or kill them, though these are not by any means the only options a Lung Ying practitioner has.
As such Lung Ying employs a large number of techniques to damage the opponent's joints either through joint manipulation or direct striking; nullify the opponent's defenses either through breaking their stance or compromising their guard, and thus their ability to defend; and others.
Like most southern style kung fu, it has limited kicks and jumps and consisted mainly of fist, palm and clawing techniques.
Depending on the particular school any of a fairly large pool of traditional training methods will be used to toughen the body.
Three, five and seven star conditioning drills, pea buckets, weighted ropes, sand bags, and striking poles are all common in Lung Ying schools.
It really isn't possible to separate Lung Ying conditioning from its methods, the two work hand in hand, each needing the other to be completely effective.
For example, when striking with the fist, more power can be exerted when the movement originates from the feet, is guided by the waist, flows through the body, and exits through the fist.
In Southern Dragon style, leg work is characterized by a zig-zag motion that mimics the imagined movement of the mythical Chinese dragon.
This also allows one to use floating and sinking movements which are very important in generating power and stability, making your body calm and relaxed.
However, the step is not taken directly forward but basically follows the angle the front foot is turned at (about 33 degrees).
This has the effect of moving the LY practitioner forward and off to an angle while offering some protection to the groin from attack.
This type of stepping allows a lung ying practitioner to press his opponent (usually used before the opponent's center has been taken) while launching attacks from angles that are difficult for the opponent to defend.
The LY practitioner seems to be constantly moving into an uncomfortable range and at an angle that forces their opponent to reposition their whole body to defend against, or else torque their torso around thus breaking their structure and disconnecting them from the power generation machinery of their lower body.
In this method the front foot moves forward and the rear foot drags up to get back to the basic position.
It will frequently be used once the LY practitioner has begun to press their attack in earnest or is exploiting some advantage.
Lake Tenkiller, created by damming the Illinois River beginning in 1947 with completion in 1953, has attracted tourists and fishermen to this once sparsely settled area.
Seventy miles of the river between Lake Tenkiller and the Arkansas border, flowing through the Cookson Hills, have been supervised by the Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission, currently headed by Ed Fite since 1970.
The spring-fed river rises in the Ozark Mountains in the northwest corner of Arkansas, in Washington County southwest of Fayetteville, near the communities of Hogeye and Onda.
The stream flows north parallel to Arkansas Highway 265 then turns northwest passing under U.S. Route 62 northeast of Prairie Grove.
It continues north-northwest passing under Arkansas Highway 16 west of Savoy and forming a portion of the east boundary of the Ozark–St.
In 1999, it was estimated to have brought in approximately 500,000 tourists and $9 million to the Oklahoma section of the river.
The upper section and its tributaries, Flint Creek and the Baron Fork, became a designated Scenic River under the Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Act in 1977. and home to many native species of bass with spring runs of white bass.
The river has been the source of a long-running controversy between the two states, with Oklahoma blaming Arkansas for pollution in the river, most notoriously phosphorus contamination by sewage and poultry farm runoff.
In 1987, wastewater discharge by the city of Fayetteville, Arkansas was identified as the source of a heavy load of phosphorus.
The suit went to the U. S. Supreme Court in 1992, which ruled that the upstream state must enforce the water quality rules of the downstream state.
The standard for scenic rivers was set at 0.037 mg/L In December 2003, an agreement was reached between the two states, with Arkansas agreeing to reduce phosphorus output from its waste water treatment plants by 75% over the next ten years, although it does not address poultry-farm runoff.
The report stated that phosphorus content in the river should be reduced by 40 percent to prevent lake water quality from declining further and by 80 percent to return the quality to its original condition.
The Oklahoma Water Resources Board reported in 2015, that phosphorus levels have been declining in the Illinois River and its tributaries on the Oklahoma side of the state line.
On October 1, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued for public comment the water quality model for the Illinois River.
Clara Mary Jane Clairmont (27 April 1798 – 19 March 1879), or Claire Clairmont as she was commonly known, was the stepsister of writer Mary Shelley and the mother of Lord Byron's daughter Allegra.
In 2010 the identity of her father was discovered to be John Lethbridge (1746–1815, after 1804 Sir John Lethbridge, 1st Baronet) of Sandhill Park, near Taunton in Somerset.
This brought her two stepsisters: Godwin's daughter Mary (later Mary Shelley), only eight months her senior, and his stepdaughter Fanny Imlay, a couple of years older.
Both were the daughters of Mary Wollstonecraft, who had died four years before, but whose presence continued to be felt in the household.
Both parents were well-educated and they co-wrote children's primers on Biblical and classical history, published the Juvenile Library, and ran a bookshop.
Mary Jane Clairmont was a sharp-tongued woman who often quarrelled with Godwin and favoured her own children over her husband's daughters.
She contrived to send her volatile and emotionally intense daughter to boarding school for a time, thus providing her with more formal education than her stepsisters.
Her home life had become increasingly tense as her stepfather William Godwin sank deeper into debt and her mother's relations with Godwin's daughter Mary became more strained.
Clairmont aided her stepsister's clandestine meetings with Percy Bysshe Shelley, who had professed a belief in free love and soon left his own wife and two small children to be with Mary.
The three young people traipsed across war-torn France and into Switzerland, fancying themselves like characters in a romantic novel, as Mary Shelley later recalled, but always reading widely, writing, and discussing the creative process.
Any romantic designs Clairmont might have had on Shelley were frustrated initially, but she did bring the Shelleys into contact with Lord Byron, with whom she entered into an affair before he left England in 1816 to live abroad.
Clairmont later followed up her letters with visits, sometimes bringing Mary, whom she seemed to suggest Byron might also find attractive.
Byron, in a depressed state after the breakup of his marriage to Annabella Milbanke and the scandal over his relationship with his half-sister Augusta Leigh, made it very clear to Clairmont before he left that she would not be a part of his life.
She convinced Mary and Percy Shelley that they should follow Byron to Switzerland, where they met him and John William Polidori, Byron's personal physician, at the Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva.
It is unknown whether Clairmont knew she was pregnant with Byron's child at the commencement of the trip, but it soon became apparent to both her travelling companions and to Byron not long after their arrival at his door.
At first he maintained his refusal of Clairmont's companionship and allowed her to be in his presence only in the company of the Shelleys; later, they resumed their sexual relationship for a time in Switzerland.
– a foolish girl – in spite of all I could say or do – would come after me – or rather went before me – for I found her here...
Clairmont would later say that her relationship with Byron had given her only a few minutes of pleasure, but a lifetime of trouble.
Clairmont took up residence in Bath and in January 1817 she gave birth to a daughter, Alba, whose name was eventually changed to Allegra.
Throughout the pregnancy, Clairmont had written long letters to Byron, pleading for his attention and a promise to care for her and the baby, sometimes making fun of his friends, reminding him how much he had enjoyed making love to her, and sometimes threatening suicide.
Clairmont felt that the future Byron could provide for their daughter would be greater than any she herself would be able to grant the child and, therefore, wished to deliver Allegra into his care.
He arranged to have Allegra delivered to his house in Venice and agreed to raise the child on the condition that Clairmont keep her distance from him.
Clairmont may have been sexually involved with Percy Bysshe Shelley at different periods, though Clairmont's biographers, Gittings and Manton, find no hard evidence.
Clairmont was also entirely in sympathy, more so than Mary, with Shelley's theories about free love, communal living, and the right of a woman to choose her own lovers and initiate sexual contact outside marriage.
Mary Shelley's early journals record several times when Clairmont and Shelley shared visions of Gothic horror and let their imaginings take flight, stirring each others' emotions to the point of hysteria and nightmares.
Mary Shelley revised this poem, completely altering the first two stanzas, when she included it in a posthumous collection of Shelley's works published in 1824.
At the time Shelley wrote the poem, in Pisa, Clairmont was living in Florence, and the lines may reveal how much he missed her.
I am perfectly convinced in my own mind that Shelley never had an improper connexion [sic] with Claire ... we lived in lodgings where I had momentary entrance into every room and such a thing could not have passed unknown to me ...
I do remember that Claire did keep to her bed there for two days – but I attended on her – I saw the physician – her illness was one that she had been accustomed to for years – and the same remedies were employed as I had before ministered to her in England.
In 1821, she wrote Byron a letter accusing him of breaking his promise that their daughter would never be apart from one of her parents.
Byron's seemingly callous treatment of the child was further vilified when Allegra died there at age five from a fever some scholars identify as typhus and others speculate was a malarial-type fever.
Shortly after Clairmont had introduced Shelley to Byron, she met Edward John Trelawny, who was to play a major role in the short remaining lives of both poets.
After Shelley's death, Trelawny sent her love letters from Florence pleading with her to marry him, but she was not interested.
She paid for Clairmont to travel to her brother's home in Vienna where she stayed for a year, before relocating to Russia, where she worked as a governess from 1825 to 1828.
Still, what Clairmont longed for most of all was privacy and peace and quiet, as she complained in letters to Mary Shelley.
She returned to England in 1828, but remained there only a short while before departing for Dresden, where she was employed as a companion and housekeeper.
But in our family, if you cannot write an epic or novel, that by its originality knocks all other novels on the head, you are a despicable creature, not worth acknowledging.
In 1841, after Mary Jane Godwin's death, Clairmont moved to Pisa, where she lived with Margaret King (officially Lady Margaret Mount Cashell but known as Mrs Mason), an old pupil of Mary Wollstonecraft.
She considered making her home with him and financially supported some of his endeavours, for example with £500 towards the purchase of a farm.
Title insurance is a form of indemnity insurance predominantly found in the United States and Canada which insures against financial loss from defects in title to real property and from the invalidity or unenforceability of mortgage loans.
Unlike some land registration systems in countries outside the United States, US states' recorders of deeds generally do not guarantee indefeasible title to those recorded titles.
Title insurance will defend against a lawsuit attacking the title or reimburse the insured for the actual monetary loss incurred up to the dollar amount of insurance provided by the policy.
Just as lenders require fire insurance and other types of insurance coverage to protect their investment, nearly all institutional lenders also require title insurance to protect their interest in the collateral of loans secured by real estate.
A loan policy provides no coverage or benefit for the buyer/owner and so the decision to purchase an owner policy is independent of the lender's decision to require a loan policy.
Title insurance is available in many other countries, such as Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Mexico, New Zealand, Japan, China, Korea and throughout Europe.
However, while a substantial number of properties located in these countries are insured by U.S. title insurers, they do not constitute a significant share of the real estate transactions in those countries.
In many cases these are properties to be used for commercial purposes by U.S. companies doing business abroad, or properties financed by U.S lenders.
The U.S. companies involved buy title insurance to obtain the security of a U.S. insurer backing up the evidence of title that they receive from the other country's land registration system, and payment of legal defense costs if the title is challenged.
Prior to the invention of title insurance, buyers in real estate transactions bore sole responsibility for ensuring the validity of the land title held by the seller.
Plaintiff Watson had lost his investment in a real estate transaction as the result of a prior lien on the property.
Defendant Muirhead, the conveyancer, had discovered the lien prior to the sale but told Watson the title was clear after his lawyer had (erroneously) determined that the lien was not valid.
Joshua Morris, a conveyancer in Philadelphia, and several colleagues met on March 28, 1876 to incorporate the first title insurance company.
Under these systems, the government determines title ownership and encumbrances using its land registration; with only a few exceptions, the government's determination is conclusive.
Governmental errors lead to monetary compensation to the person damaged by the error but that aggrieved party usually cannot recover the property.
In the recording system, each time a land title transaction takes place, the parties record the transfer instrument with a local government recorder located in the jurisdiction (usually the county) where the land lies.
The government indexes the instrument by the names of the grantor (transferor) and the grantee (transferee) and photographs it so any member of the public can find and examine it.
If such a transaction goes unrecorded for any reason or length of time, an unscrupulous grantor could sell the property to another grantee.
In many states, the grantee whose transaction is recorded first becomes the legal owner, and any other would-be buyers are left without recourse.
Specifically, after a real estate sales contract has been executed and escrow opened, a title professional will search the public records to look for any problems with the home's title.
More than one-third of all title searches reveal a title problem that title professionals will insist on fixing before the transaction closes.
For instance, a previous owner may have had minor construction done on the property, but never fully paid the contractor (resulting in a mechanic's lien), or the previous owner may have failed to pay local or state taxes (resulting in a tax lien).
Title professionals seek to resolve problems like these before the transaction closes, since otherwise, their employer, the title insurer, will be required to fix such title defects by paying such unpaid fees or taxes.
Title insurance policies are fairly uniform, and backed by statutory reserves, which is especially important in large commercial real estate transactions where the buyer and their lender have a large amount of money at stake.
At least 20 U.S. states have experimented with Torrens title or other title registration systems at one time or another, but most have retreated to title recording under pressure from title insurers or from lack of interest.
According to Karl Llewellyn, one Torrens title on one lot in New York City can render the entire block unavailable for large-scale improvement (i.e., skyscrapers); no lender will finance the purchase of such a lot because no New York title insurer will guarantee a Torrens title.
The U.S. title insurance industry has successfully opposed land registration systems by saying that they are vulnerable to fraud (a severe problem in most land registration jurisdictions) and that an inherently contingent property system more effectively protects property rights.
While it is possible to fortify land registration systems to prevent the registration of forged deeds, the necessary countermeasures are complex and expensive.
The owner's policy assures a purchaser that the title to the property is vested in that purchaser and that it is free from all defects, liens and encumbrances except those listed as exceptions in the policy or are excluded from the scope of the policy's coverage.
One should inquire about the cost of title insurance before signing a real estate contract that provides that he pay for title charges.
A real estate attorney, broker, escrow officer (in the western states), or loan officer can provide detailed information as to the price of title search and insurance before the real estate contract is signed.
Title insurance coverage lasts as long as the insured retains an interest in the land insured and typically no additional premium is paid after the policy is issued.
Generally speaking, it follows the assignment of the mortgage loan, meaning that the policy benefits the purchaser of the loan if the loan is sold.
That market is made up of high volume purchasers such as Fannie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation as well as private institutions.
Elements 1 and 2 are important to the lender because they cover its expectations of the title it will receive if it must foreclose its mortgage.
Examples of the other coverages are loss from forged releases of the mortgage and loss resulting from encroachments of improvements on adjoining land onto the mortgaged property when the improvements are constructed after the loan is made.
Title insurance for construction loans require a Date Down endorsement that recognizes that the insured amount for the property has increased due to construction funds that have been vested into the property.
In the United States, the American Land Title Association (ALTA) is a national non-profit trade association representing the interests of nearly 4,500 title insurance companies, title agents, independent abstracters, title searchers and attorneys across the United States.
ALTA members conduct title searches, examinations, closings, and issue title insurance that protects real property owners and mortgage lenders against losses from defects in titles.
ALTA also offers special endorsement forms for the various policies; endorsements amend and typically broaden the coverage given under a basic title insurance policy.
Some states, including Texas and New York, may mandate the use of forms of title insurance policy jackets and endorsements approved by the state insurance commissioner for properties located in those jurisdictions, but these forms are usually similar or identical to ALTA forms.
In addition to ALTA, the National Association of Independent Land Title Agents (NAILTA) is a national non-profit trade association that represents the interests of independent title insurance agents and independent real estate settlement professionals from across the United States.
It was created by independent real estate settlement professionals to further the agenda of small business owners from within the title insurance, abstracting, surveying, and real estate community who lack representation at local, state and national levels.
NAILTA is a national trade association that serves thousands of independent title and real estate professionals across the United States who collectively comprise over 60% of the national title insurance market, and identify themselves as independent settlement service providers.
NAILTA represents the interests of those independent settlement service providers who serve over 31 million real estate purchase consumers per year, who close an estimated $514.8 billion's worth of refinance mortgages per year, and who collectively insure approximately $1.67 trillion in total national title insurance liability per year.
Where most insurance is a contract where the insurer indemnifies or guarantees another party against a possible specific type of loss (such as an accident or death) at a future date, title insurance generally insures against losses caused by title problems that have their source in past events.
This often results in the curing of title defects or the elimination of adverse interests from the title before a transaction takes place.
Title insurance companies attempt to achieve this by searching public records to develop and document the chain of title and to detect known claims against or defects in the title to the subject property.
If liens or encumbrances are found, the insurer may require that steps be taken to eliminate them (for example, obtaining a release of an old mortgage or deed of trust that has been paid off, or requiring the payoff, or satisfying involuntary liens such as abstracts of judgment and tax liens) before issuing the title policy.
Title insurance companies also have the ability to discharge ancient mortgages under the Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law (RPAPL) in New York.
Title plants are sometimes maintained to index the public records geographically, with the goal of increasing searching efficiency and reducing claims.
In some states title plants are required to index the real-property records geographically and also maintain a name file for judgments, probates and other general matters.
The explanation above discloses another difference between title insurance and other types: title insurance premiums are not principally calculated on the basis of actuarial science, as is true in most other types of insurance.
Instead of correlating the probability of losses with their projected costs, title insurance seeks to eliminate the source of the losses through the use of the recording system and other underwriting practices.
The great majority of the premiums is used to finance the title research on each piece of property and to maintain the title plants used to efficiently do that research.
There is significant social utility in this approach as the result conforms with the expectations of most property purchasers and mortgage lenders.
Generally, they want the real estate they purchased or lent money on to have the title condition they expected when they entered the transaction, rather than money compensation and litigation over unexpected defects.
There are several matters that can affect the title to land that are not disclosed by the recording system but that are covered by the policies.
Some examples are deeds executed by minors or mentally incompetent persons, forged instruments (in some cases), corporate instruments executed without the proper corporate authority and errors in the public records.
A more significant percentage of losses paid by the insurers are the result of errors and omissions in the title examining process itself.
In an April 2007 United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) Report on Title Insurance, the GAO recommended that state and federal legislators and regulators improve consumers ability to shop for title insurance based on price, encourage price competition, and ensure consumers are paying reasonable prices for title insurance.
A federal law called the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) entitles an individual homeowner to choose a title insurance company when purchasing or refinancing residential property.
Typically, homeowners do not make this decision for themselves and instead rely on their bank's or attorney's choice; however, the homeowner retains the right to choose a different insurer.
Doing so is a violation of federal law and any person or business doing so can be fined or lose its license.
Section 9 of RESPA prohibits a seller from requiring the buyer to use a particular title insurance company, either directly or indirectly, as a condition of sale.
Buyers may sue a seller who violates this provision for an amount equal to three times all charges made for the title insurance.
The new Loan Estimate form (LE) is the latest step taken by Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to protect and assist consumers.
If a loan originator does not provide the LE within 3 business days of receiving a completed loan application, it is in violation of Section 5 of RESPA.
When a lender, real estate broker, or other participant refers his homebuyer to an affiliate for a settlement service (such as when a real estate broker refers his homebuyer to a mortgage broker affiliate), the law requires the referring party to provide an affiliated business arrangement disclosure.
Despite advances in technology that allow homebuyers to shop for title services, many homebuyers remain unaware that they may select their own title insurance or settlement company.
A recent survey from the Ohio Association of Independent Title Agents (OAITA), conducted from 2009 through 2010, showed when homebuyers are made fully aware of ABAs, they become uncomfortable and prefer a title company or title agent to be a third party (i.e., independent) to the transaction.
While 77% of respondents did not independently select their settlement company, when made fully aware of the ABA relationships 50% of respondents said they prefer a title company that does not share profits with a referral source compared to 6% of respondents saying they prefer a title agent that shares profits with a referral source.
The OAITA stands in stark contrast to two Harris Interactive surveys used by the Real Estate Services Providers Council in a January 2011 meeting with Federal Reserve staff to claim that homebuyers were more satisfied with the ABA settlement service providers.
Like the rates for other forms of insurance, rates for title insurance usually are regulated by state governments to ensure that premiums are not excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory to the public.
The rates may include discounts if title insurance is ordered within a specified time after the last policy issued or if the mortgage being insured is a refinance of an earlier mortgage.
In the states employing any of these regulations, it is illegal for title insurance companies to charge a higher or lower rate than the regulated rate.
This means the majority of the premium dollar, about 80 percent, covers the work performed by title professionals, such as the search examination, curative work, policy issuance and, frequently, the settlement or closing.
The remaining 20 percent covers the insurance policy, a significant portion of which is put into reserves for claims that could occur 10 or 20 years in the future.
According to a 2006 survey by ALTA, title problems that required curative action were found in 36 percent of all residential real estate transactions in 2005.
In those states, title insurers may also charge search or abstracting fees for searching the public records, or examination fees to compensate them for the title examination.
They are also not part of the title insurance premium, though the title insurer may include those fees within its invoice as a convenience to the attorney rendering the opinion.
Similarly, fees for closing a sale or mortgage transaction are not regulated in most states though the charge for closing may appear in the invoice disclosing the total charges for the transaction.
The title industry is highly dependent on real estate markets, which, in turn, are highly sensitive to mortgage interest rates and the overall economic well-being.
As the surge in real estate transactions drove up title insurance revenue—along with a greater incidence of claims—the economic downturn that started in 2007 pared back revenue significantly for several years.
To compare, the industry reported nearly $17 billion in title insurance premiums in 2005, but volume fell to $9.6 billion in 2009.
In 2012, according to ALTA, the industry paid out about $908 million in claims, about 8.1% percent of the $11.2 billion taken in as premiums.
By comparison, the boiler insurance industry, which like title insurance requires an emphasis on inspections and risk analysis, pays 25% of its premiums in claims.
As mentioned above, professionals in the land title industry seek to prevent claims through up-front preventive measures before a policy is issued and therefore the industry's claims ratio is different from other lines of insurance.
According to the statutory accounting rules for title insurance, only reported claims are reflected in the loss expense, while in other lines—both reported and unreported claims are included in the loss expense.
As a result, timing differences occur in the reporting of losses and loss-adjustment expenses for title insurance when compared to other lines.
In these states, the title insurance companies lobby state legislators and other politicians and donate to their campaigns, in the hopes of maintaining the rates high.
Unlike other forms of insurance (such as life, medical, or home owners), title insurance is not paid for annually, as it has one payment for the term of the policy, which is in effect until the property is resold or refinanced.
The following discloses the relative 2012 market shares among the four U.S. national families of title insurers (Fidelity National Financial, First American, Stewart, and Old Republic), and the regional companies, i.e., those not affiliated with the national families.
As of January 2009, Fidelity National Financial held the highest market share, due to its acquisition of LandAmerica's Commonwealth Land Title, Lawyers Title, and United Capital Title units subsequent to LandAmerica's declaration of bankruptcy.
Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms.
The earliest commercially available ICs failed in a mere three weeks of use from runaway electromigration, which led to a major industry effort to correct this problem.
Since reliability is critically important for space travel, military purposes, anti-lock braking systems, medical equipment like Automated External Defibrillators and is even important for personal computers or home entertainment systems, the reliability of chips (ICs) is a major focus of research efforts.
Although electromigration damage ultimately results in failure of the affected IC, the first symptoms are intermittent glitches, and are quite challenging to diagnose.
As some interconnects fail before others, the circuit exhibits seemingly random errors, which may be indistinguishable from other failure mechanisms (such as electrostatic discharge damage).
In a laboratory setting, electromigration failure is readily imaged with an electron microscope, as interconnect erosion leaves telltale visual markers on the metal layers of the IC.
With increasing miniaturization, the probability of failure due to electromigration increases in VLSI and ULSI circuits because both the power density and the current density increase.
However, as current reduction is constrained by increasing frequencies, the more marked decrease in cross-sectional areas (compared to current reduction) will give rise to increased current densities in ICs going forward.
However, electromigration (EM) continues to be an ever-present challenge to device fabrication, and therefore the EM research for copper interconnects is ongoing (though a relatively new field).
When operated within the manufacturer's specified temperature and voltage range, a properly designed IC device is more likely to fail from other (environmental) causes, such as cumulative damage from gamma-ray bombardment.
By replacing the bad component with that of a different supplier, WD was able to correct the flaw, but not before significant damage to the company's reputation.
Electromigration can be a cause of degradation in some power semiconductor devices such as low voltage power MOSFETs, in which the lateral current through the source contact metallisation (often aluminium) can reach the critical current densities during overload conditions.
The shape of the conductor, the crystallographic orientation of the grains in the metal, procedures for the layer deposition, heat treatment or annealing, characteristics of the passivation and the interface to other materials also affect the durability of the interconnects.
Electromigration can also cause the atoms of a conductor to pile up and drift toward other nearby conductors, creating an unintended electrical connection known as a hillock failure or whisker failure (short circuit).
In a homogeneous crystalline structure, because of the uniform lattice structure of the metal ions, there is hardly any momentum transfer between the conduction electrons and the metal ions.
However, this symmetry does not exist at the grain boundaries and material interfaces, and so here momentum is transferred much more vigorously.
Since the metal ions in these regions are bonded more weakly than in a regular crystal lattice, once the electron wind has reached a certain strength, atoms become separated from the grain boundaries and are transported in the direction of the current.
In general, grain boundary diffusion is the major electromigration process in aluminum wires, whereas surface diffusion is dominant in copper interconnects.
In an ideal conductor, where atoms are arranged in a perfect lattice structure, the electrons moving through it would experience no collisions and electromigration would not occur.
In real conductors, defects in the lattice structure and the random thermal vibration of the atoms about their positions causes electrons to collide with the atoms and scatter, which is the source of electrical resistance (at least in metals; see electrical conduction).
However, in high-power situations (such as with the increasing current draw and decreasing wire sizes in modern VLSI microprocessors), if many electrons bombard the atoms with enough force to become significant, this will accelerate the process of electromigration by causing the atoms of the conductor to vibrate further from their ideal lattice positions, increasing the amount of electron scattering.
High current density increases the number of electrons scattering against the atoms of the conductor, and hence the speed at which those atoms are displaced.
In integrated circuits, electromigration does not occur in semiconductors directly, but in the metal interconnects deposited onto them (see semiconductor device fabrication).
Electromigration is exacerbated by high current densities and the Joule heating of the conductor (see electrical resistance), and can lead to eventual failure of electrical components.
where formula_3 is the atom concentration at the point with a coordinates formula_4 at the moment of time formula_5, and formula_6 is the total atomic flux at this location.
Assuming a vacancy mechanism for atom diffusion we can express formula_25 as a function of the hydrostatic stress formula_26 where formula_27 is the effective activation energy of the thermal diffusion of metal atoms.
At the end of the 1960s J. R. Black developed an empirical model to estimate the MTTF (mean time to failure) of a wire, taking electromigration into consideration.
Here formula_29 is a constant based on the cross-sectional area of the interconnect, formula_30 is the current density, formula_31 is the activation energy (e.g.
0.7 eV for grain boundary diffusion in aluminum), formula_32 is the Boltzmann's constant, formula_33 is the temperature in kelvins, and formula_34 a scaling factor (usually set to 2 according to Black).
For an interconnect to remain reliable as the temperature rises, the maximum tolerable current density of the conductor must necessarily increase.
Historically, aluminium has been used as conductor in integrated circuits, due to its good adherence to substrate, good conductivity, and ability to form ohmic contacts with silicon.
The effect is attributed to the grain boundary segregation of copper, which greatly inhibits the diffusion of aluminium atoms across grain boundaries.
This is mainly due to the higher electromigration activation energy levels of copper, caused by its superior electrical and thermal conductivity as well as its higher melting point.
Further improvements can be achieved by alloying copper with about 1% palladium which inhibits diffusion of copper atoms along grain boundaries in the same way as the addition of copper to aluminium interconnect.
Also, the metal grain size has influence; the smaller grains, the more grain boundaries and the higher likelihood of electromigration effects.
This apparent contradiction is caused by the perpendicular position of the grain boundaries; the boundary diffusion factor is excluded, and material transport is correspondingly reduced.
However, the maximum wire width possible for a bamboo structure is usually too narrow for signal lines of large-magnitude currents in analog circuits or for power supply lines.
Here, the widths of the individual metal structures in between the slots lie within the area of a bamboo structure, while the resulting total width of all the metal structures meets power requirements.
Here, a mechanical stress buildup causes an atom back flow process which reduces or even compensates the effective material flow towards the anode.
Particular attention must be paid to vias and contact holes.The current carrying capacity of a via is much less than a metallic wire of same length.
Hence multiple vias are often used, whereby the geometry of the via array is very significant: multiple vias must be organized such that the resulting current is distributed as evenly as possible through all the vias.
In particular, 90-degree corner bends must be avoided, since the current density in such bends is significantly higher than that in oblique angles (e.g., 135 degrees).
The complete mathematical model describing electromigration consists of several partial differential equations (PDEs) which need to be solved for three-dimensional geometrical domains representing segments of an interconnect structure.
Results of TCAD studies in combination with reliability tests lead to modification of design rules improving the interconnect resistance to electromigration.
The Electromigration-aware lifetime of the power grid interconnects as well as the chip decreases if the chip suffers from a high value of the IR drop noise.
The current in a wire is the velocity of the electrons multiplied by the charge and number per unit length, formula_36 or formula_37.
13, referred to as Cameron Bar 13 for census purposes, is an Indian Reserve in the Fraser Canyon region of the Canadian province of British Columbia.
It is under the administration of the Lytton First Nation based in nearby Lytton, 15 miles to the south, which is a band government of the Nlaka'pamux people.
The name of the reserve derives from that of Cameron Bar, a gold-bearing sandbar on the Fraser River below named during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858-59.
Global optimization is a branch of applied mathematics and numerical analysis that attempts to find the global minima or maxima of a function or a set of functions on a given set.
It is usually described as a minimization problem because the maximization of the real-valued function formula_1 is obviously equivalent to the minimization of the function formula_2.
that is, finding formula_4 and a global minimizer in formula_5; where formula_6 is a (not necessarily convex) compact set defined by inequalities formula_11.
Finding the global minima of a function is far more difficult: analytical methods are frequently not applicable, and the use of numerical solution strategies often leads to very hard challenges.
In this work, a relationship between any continuous function formula_12 on a compact set formula_13 and its global minima formula_4 has been strictly established.
Such procedures are popularly used to find integer solutions to mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems, as well as to solve general, not necessarily differentiable convex optimization problems.
A branch-and-bound algorithm consists of a systematic enumeration of candidate solutions by means of state space search: the set of candidate solutions is thought of as forming a rooted tree with the full set at the root.
Interval arithmetic, interval mathematics, interval analysis, or interval computation, is a method developed by mathematicians since the 1950s and 1960s as an approach to putting bounds on rounding errors and measurement errors in mathematical computation and thus developing numerical methods that yield reliable results.
It is mostly concerned with the study of ordered fields and ordered rings (in particular real closed fields) and their applications to the study of positive polynomials and sums-of-squares of polynomials.
That is, all the facts (distances between each destination point) needed to determine the optimal path to follow are known with certainty and the goal is to run through the possible travel choices to come up with the one with the lowest total distance.
However, let's assume that instead of wanting to minimize the total distance traveled to visit each desired destination, we wanted to minimize the total time needed to reach each destination.
As a result, to determine our optimal path we would want to use simulation - optimization to first understand the range of potential times it could take to go from one point to another (represented by a probability distribution in this case rather than a specific distance) and then optimize our travel decisions to identify the best path to follow taking that uncertainty into account.
Stochastic tunneling (STUN) is an approach to global optimization based on the Monte Carlo method-sampling of the function to be objectively minimized in which the function is nonlinearly transformed to allow for easier tunneling among regions containing function minima.
Parallel tempering, also known as replica exchange MCMC sampling, is a simulation method aimed at improving the dynamic properties of Monte Carlo method simulations of physical systems, and of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods more generally.
Sugita and Okamoto formulated a molecular dynamics version of parallel tempering: this is usually known as replica-exchange molecular dynamics or REMD.
In this way, thermodynamical properties such as the specific heat, which is in general not well computed in the canonical ensemble, can be computed with great precision.
Dog Soldiers is a 2002 horror film written, directed and edited by Neil Marshall, and starring Kevin McKidd, Sean Pertwee, and Liam Cunningham.
The woman gives the man a silver letter opener as a present; shortly afterward they are killed in their tent by unseen assailants.
It is revealed that Cooper is trying to join a special forces unit but fails when he refuses to shoot a dog in cold blood.
Four weeks later, a squad of six British soldiers, including Cooper, are dropped into the Scottish Highlands to carry out a training exercise against a Special Air Service unit.
He is rescued by Cooper and carried to a rural roadside where the group meets Megan, a zoologist who takes them to a lonely house belonging to an unknown family.
The soldiers maintain a desperate defense against the creatures, believing that if they can make it to sunrise, the werewolves will revert to human form.
After Terry is abducted and their ammunition runs short, they realize they will not last and decide to try to escape.
Joe drives up to the house door, but is then killed by a werewolf that was hiding in the back seat.
Under interrogation, Ryan reveals that the government had sent him on a mission to capture a live werewolf, so that it could be studied and exploited as a weapon; Cooper's squad was supposed to be the bait.
An enraged Wells and Cooper attempt to kill Ryan, but he transforms into a werewolf due to his wounds and escapes into the forest.
The soldiers try blowing up the barn - where Megan told them the werewolves must be hiding - with petrol, gas canisters, matches, and the Land Rover.
Once the structure has been destroyed, Megan reveals that not only were there no werewolves in the barn, but she is a werewolf, as well.
Wells and Cooper shoot through the floor upstairs to elude the werewolves, and drop into the kitchen, where they find Spoon's remains.
As he begins to transform into a werewolf, Wells orders Cooper to take shelter in the cellar and gives him a roll of photographic film (which was in a flashgun camera used to stun the werewolves) to prove what has happened.
The werewolves break into the kitchen and confront Wells as he cuts a gas line and blows up the house, killing himself and the werewolves.
After a brutal fight, Cooper stabs Ryan in the chest with the silver letter opener, weakening him enough to allow Cooper to shoot him in the head.
The project was later taken to AFM, where producer David E. Allen became interested in the project after seeing artwork and the script.
Production designer Simon Bowles created models of the house for Marshall to plan and structure where to set up cameras and where characters would run or climb onto the next set.
For the exterior set of the house, only the front portion was built early on and is the only part used in the film.
In addition to the credits in the infobox, the costume designer is Uli Simon, the casting directors are Jeremy Zimmerman and Andrea Clarke, the special makeup, animatronic and digital visual effects are by the company Image FX, and the physical-effects supervisor and stunt coordinator is Harry Wiessenhaan.
Principal photography was originally scouted and planned to commence in the Isle of Man due to its tax rebates but the idea fell through.
The film was shot in Luxembourg due to tax deals and having access to crew and student facilities provided by a company based in Luxembourg.
In 2002, the film won the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film's Golden Raven, the festival's top award, as well as the audience prize, the Pegasus.
A Blu-ray edition (including a single-disc edition and a double-disc edition with a DVD copy) was released by First Look Studios on May 5, 2009, available only in the U.S. and Canada.
On March 14, 2019, with the original negative finally located, the German company Koch Media released the movie on video in a package including the movie, restored in 4K from the negative, on DVD, Blu-ray and UHD.
By 21 December 2008, however, information about the film had been removed from various web resources including the website of production company Kismet status.
A hall, wall, or walk of fame is a list of individuals, achievements, or animals, usually chosen by a group of electors, to mark their in their field.
In some cases, these halls of fame consist of actual halls or museums that enshrine the honorees with sculptures, plaques, and displays of memorabilia and general information regarding the inducted recipients.
In other cases, the hall of fame is more figurative and consists of a list of names of noteworthy people and their achievements and contributions.
The English-language term was popularised in the United States by the Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College, in New York City, in the form of a sculpture gallery completed in 1900 and officially announced in 1901.
The Walhalla memorial in Bavaria, Germany, is an earlier hall of fame, conceived in 1807 and built between 1830 and 1842.
With the exception of the last two tracks on the third disc, the album was recorded at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro on the final night of the Vapor Trails Tour.
It is also the band's first live album that presents a single night's performance in its entirety (not counting the two bonus tracks).
At this concert, Rush played to 40,000, their second-largest crowd on the Vapor Trails Tour (the largest crowd was 60,000 at the show the previous night in São Paulo).
Icon Recording Studios owner and Chief Engineer – Andrew Troy, Assistant Engineer – Aaron Kaplay, 2nd Assistant Engineer – Pablo Solorzano.
It is a biblical name from Acts of the Apostles (), which in the original Greek was , in which Tabitha ('gorgeous' in Greek) is a woman raised from the dead by Saint Peter.
The name was common in 18th century New England, and of those born between 1718 and 1745, ranked about 31st as most common female given names, about 0.56% of the population.
The name gained a resurgence in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, when it was ranked among the 200 most popular names for girls.
The Crusader 101 was an electrically-operated toy car introduced in 1964 by Deluxe Reading of Elizabeth, New Jersey and produced through 1966.
Intended for sale in discount and grocery stores, the Crusader 101 was easily among the largest and most detailed toy cars on the market.
The front featured stacked, forward-sweeping headlights and slightly pointed hood reminiscent of Pontiacs of the period while the inwardly dished grille and crossbar resembled those used on early 1960s Mercurys.
The taillights strongly resembled those on 1948-1956 Cadillacs while the rear end and overall styling suggested the 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible rendered in molded red plastic.
It measured about three feet in length - or just under one meter - which allowed for some elaborate detail hitherto unseen in a toy car.
The trunk had storage space for a spare tire, jack and lug wrench which could be used to actually change a wheel.
Not only were the sun visors adjustable, the turn signal lever, steering wheel and gear selector could be moved as well.
A male driver figure was included with the car - in a relaxed pose at the wheel and was just as detailed as the car itself.
Despite its size and level of detail unusual for a toy car, the Crusader 101 was, first and foremost, a toy.
The windshield frame often warped with age as did the body - though to a much lesser degree - while the vacuum-plated chrome plastic parts tended to turn black.
The Crusader 101's size has always made it particularly desirable to Barbie collectors since it is well-proportioned to the fashion doll and will easily seat four of them.
In 1990, the line-up changed again with Terry Stanley on bass guitar, and Tim Denny on drums, they remained until the band split in 1992.
Kibble formed the Navahodads in 1995, which played swampy R&B, Country, and Rock n Roll, they released two albums and toured overseas.
Clint Malarchuk (born May 1, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1981 and 1992.
Malarchuk is known for surviving a life-threatening injury during a 1989 NHL game when Steve Tuttle's skate blade sliced his carotid artery and partially sliced his jugular vein, causing immediate massive blood loss.
He then went on to play professionally in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Quebec Nordiques, Washington Capitals, and Buffalo Sabres, and in the International Hockey League (IHL) for the San Diego Gulls and Las Vegas Thunder.
Malarchuk made his NHL debut with the Nordiques on December 13, 1981, getting the start in goal in a road game against the Buffalo Sabres.
The Nordiques were dissatisfied with back-up goaltender Michel Plasse at the time and decided to give Malarchuk a look, in spite of his young age (he had just turned 20 a few months earlier).
He did well enough in his first game, a 4-4 tie, but the second one, two days later, was a lot tougher, as he faced the defending Stanley Cup champions, the New York Islanders.
The Nordiques favored a wide-open style of play at the time, and Malarchuk was left largely to his own devices and faced 37 shots, letting 10 goals past him, in a wild 10-7 loss, in what was the highest scoring game in the history of the Nassau Coliseum.
Having failed his audition, he was returned to the American Hockey League after that game and did not come back until the following season.
Quebec traded Plasse to the Hartford Whalers later that season in return for John Garrett, addressing the team's need for a reliable back-up goaltender for Dan Bouchard.
Malarchuk played sparingly in the NHL the next two seasons, then not at all in 1984-85, as he spent the majority of these three years with the Fredericton Express in the AHL.
He became the Nordiques' primary goaltender in 1985-86, keeping the job for two seasons, although there was continual controversy over whether he or local favorite Mario Gosselin should be the starter.
In a statistical quirk, during the 1984 NHL Playoffs, he was not credited with a game played but still was assessed with 15 penalty minutes.
In Game 6 of the Adams Division Finals against the Montréal Canadiens on April 20, he was handed both a major penalty and a game misconduct for leaving his team's bench to take part in an on-ice brawl.
He was traded to the Washington Capitals after the 1986-87 season alongside Dale Hunter in return for Gaëtan Duchesne, Alan Haworth and a first-round choice in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft that eventually landed the Nordiques Joe Sakic.
Then, on March 6, 1989, Malarchuk was traded to the Buffalo Sabres along with Grant Ledyard and a 1991 sixth round pick (Brian Holzinger) in exchange for Calle Johansson and a 1989 second-round pick (Byron Dafoe).
It was sixteen days later in just his sixth game with the Sabres that Malarchuk would suffer a notorious life-threatening neck injury.
During a game between the visiting St. Louis Blues and Malarchuk's Buffalo Sabres on March 22, 1989, Steve Tuttle of the Blues and Uwe Krupp of the Sabres crashed hard into the goal crease during play.
As they collided, Tuttle's skate blade hit the right front side of Malarchuk's neck, severing his carotid artery and partially cutting his jugular vein.
With blood gushing out of Malarchuk's neck onto the ice, he was able to leave the ice on his own feet with the assistance of his team's athletic trainer, Jim Pizzutelli.
The excessive amount of blood that Malarchuk lost caused eleven fans to faint, two more to have heart attacks, and three players to vomit on the ice.
Local television cameras covering the game cut away from the sight of Malarchuk bleeding after noticing what had happened, and Sabres announcers Ted Darling and Mike Robitaille were audibly shaken.
At the production room of the national cable sports highlight show, a producer scrolled his tape back to show the event to two other producers, who were both horrified by the sight.
Aware that his mother had been watching the game on TV, he had an equipment manager call and tell her he loved her.
Malarchuk's life was saved due to quick action by the Sabres' athletic trainer, Jim Pizzutelli, a former US Army combat medic who served in the Vietnam War.
He gripped Malarchuk's neck and pinched off the blood vessel, not letting go until doctors arrived to begin stabilizing the wound.
He led Malarchuk off the ice then applied extreme pressure by kneeling on his collarbone—a procedure designed to produce a low breathing rate and low metabolic state, which is preferable to exsanguination.
Malarchuk was conscious and talking on the way to the hospital, and jokingly asked paramedics if they could bring him back in time for the third period.
On February 10, 2008, coincidentally again in Buffalo, Florida Panthers forward Richard Zedník suffered an injury similar to Malarchuk's after Olli Jokinen's skate blade cut the front of Zedník's neck, lacerating his common carotid artery, causing immediate massive blood loss.
Although Malarchuk initially refused to view the footage, upon viewing it, he was taken aback, saying that he didn't think his memory of his own incident would come back after nearly 20 years.
After this, he struggled with obsessive-compulsive disorder (as he had since a young age), as well as nightmares and alcoholism, but he remained in pro hockey in the International Hockey League.
The following season he became starting goaltender for the Las Vegas Thunder, appearing in 56 games and accumulating a record of 34-10-7.
Malarchuk served as head coach and assistant general manager of the Las Vegas Thunder in the 1998-99 season and the Idaho Steelheads until 2000.
On June 17, 2014, the Calgary Flames announced they parted ways with Malarchuk and were searching for a new goaltending coach.
After his playing career, Malarchuk settled on a ranch near Carson City, Nevada (later Gardnerville, Nevada), where he and his wife at the time raised three kids.
He was depicted riding bareback in a front-page newspaper photo while playing for the Washington Capitals, and he was later given horses as a contractual bonus with the Las Vegas Thunder.
Following its release, Clint and Joan Malarchuk were public speakers about topics covered in the book such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, support for alcoholics in recovery, suicide prevention, and psychological trauma.
They showed the video footage of his sports injury to the audience with the advice that it is potentially triggering to people who are uncomfortable with images of blood and trauma.Malarchuk and his wife now travel and engage in a number of league-related and independent events having to do with mental health, OCD, and depression in retired athletes.
On October 7, 2008, Malarchuk suffered what, according to his wife, Joan, was a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his chin from a .22 caliber rifle at his residence in Fish Springs, Nevada, after a period of stress and domestic problems.
The incident was initially described as an accident while hunting rabbits, but both the goalie and his wife have since admitted it was a suicide attempt.
Officers and paramedics at the scene reported that Malarchuk, who was bleeding from both his mouth and chin, was uncooperative and refused treatment.
Joan Malarchuk said she sat with her husband and comforted him because she was afraid he would lash out again and get shot by police.
Malarchuk was later flown to Renown Regional Medical Center in Reno for treatment and released less than a week after the shooting.
The Canadian Press reported that Joan informed authorities that her husband was not supposed to consume alcohol as he was on prescription medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder, but was doing so anyway at the time of the shooting.
Malarchuk later said he believed he was overmedicated dating back to when he was prescribed an anti-psychotic sedative while playing pro hockey in San Diego.
Jingshan Park is an imperial park covering immediately north of the Forbidden City in the Imperial City area of Beijing, China.
Formerly a private imperial garden attached to the grounds of the Forbidden City, the grounds were opened to the public in 1928.
The high artificial hill was constructed in the Yongle era of the Ming dynasty entirely from the soil excavated in forming the moats of the Imperial Palace and nearby canals.
It is also well known to locals as Coal Hill, from an old rumor that the emperors kept a hidden stash in the park.
The Chongzhen Emperor, the last ruler of the Ming dynasty, committed suicide by hanging himself from a tree in Jingshan in 1644 after Beijing fell to Li Zicheng's rebel forces.
However, until 1928 the park sat directly by the moat and was accessible on the south side only from the Forbidden City via the Gate of Divine Might.
The Gate of Divine Might became the back door of the Palace Museum, and the front gate of Jingshan Park now stood to the north of the new road.
The park has four entrances, one in each of the cardinal directions, but only three are currently open to the public.
The south entrance is located across Jingshan Front Street from the Forbidden City and is accessible by Beijing Bus routes 101, 103, 109, 124, 202, 211, 609 and 685.
The west entrance on Jingshan West Street and Doushan Street is a short walk from the east gate of Beihai Park and is accessible by Bus routes 5 and 609.
It is at the T-intersection between Jingshan Back Street and Di'anmen Inner Street and is accessible by Bus routes 5, 111, 124 and 609.
The Argyle Diamond Mine is a diamond mine located in the East Kimberley region in the remote north of Western Australia.
Argyle is the fourth-largest diamond producer in the world by volume, although due to the low proportion of gem-quality diamonds it is set to close by 2020.
On June 21, 2015, after more than 11 years and 42 kilometres of tunnelling, the Argyle underground block cave development was officially completed.
The Argyle diamond mine is also notable for being the first successful commercial diamond mine exploiting a volcanic pipe of lamproite, rather than the more usual kimberlite pipe; much earlier attempts to mine diamonds from a lamproite pipe in Arkansas, USA were commercially unsuccessful.
The Argyle mine is owned by the Rio Tinto Group, a diversified mining company which also owns the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada and the Murowa Diamond Mine in Zimbabwe.
The mine site covers about , stretching in a mostly linear shape about 1600 m (5,200 ft) long and 150 to 600 m (500 to 2,000 ft) wide.
The Argyle diamond mine is located in the Kimberley region in the far northeast of the Australian state of Western Australia.
Small quantities of alluvially deposited diamonds have been known in Australia since the late 19th century, first found by prospectors searching for gold.
Tanganyika Holdings had employed Maureen Muggeridge and formed a joint venture called Ashton Joint Venture, after minerals which indicated the presence of diamonds were found in 1976.
Over the following three years, the deposit was assessed for economic viability, and in 1983 the decision was made to commence mining operations.
Alluvial mining operations commenced immediately, while the open pit mine was constructed over a period of 18 months at a cost of A$450 million.
At the margins of the volcanic pipe the lamproite is mixed with a volcanic breccia containing shattered wall rock fragments mixed and milled by the eruption.
Diamonds are found within the intact core of the volcanic pipe, as well as within some of the marginal breccia facies and maar facies.
The diamonds found at the Argyle pipe have been dated to about 1.58 billion years of age, while the volcano which created the pipe is aged between 1.1 and 1.2 billion years old.
This represents a relatively short period during which diamond formation could have taken place (around 400 million years), which may explain the small average size and unusual physical characteristics of Argyle diamonds.
Diamonds found in the Argyle pipe are predominantly eclogitic, meaning that the carbon is of organic origin (see Natural history of diamonds).
In addition to the pipe itself, a number of semipermanent streams have eroded away portions of the pipe and created significant alluvial deposits of diamonds.
Argyle is the fourth-largest diamond producing mine in the world by volume, averaging annual production of 8 million carats (1,600 kg).
These diamonds are usually difficult to sell, although Rio Tinto has seen some success in a decade-long marketing campaign to promote brown diamonds as champagne and cognac toned.
In contrast, the company has no problems selling diamonds in pink, purple, and red tones, which are very rare and in high demand, therefore commanding premium prices.
Once diamonds are removed from the ore and acid washed, they are sorted and shipped to Perth for further sorting and sale.
A significant quantity of diamonds are cut in India, where low costs of labour allow small diamonds to be cut for a profit; this is especially relevant to the Argyle mine, which on average produces smaller rough diamonds than other mines do.
Despite the low production volume of pink and red diamonds, the Argyle mine is the only reliable source in the world, producing 90 to 95% of all pink and red diamonds.
Most Argyle diamonds are classified as type 1a (see material properties of diamond), and have low levels of nitrogen impurities, their colour resulting instead from structural defects of the crystal lattice.
Each year, a small collection of the best pink diamonds are offered in an exclusive sale known as the Argyle Pink Diamond Tender.
In 2016, the annual Argyle Tender became the highest selling tender in its 20-year history, according to the Diamond Investment & Intelligence Center.
Initial proven reserves of the Argyle mine were 61 million tonnes of ore, with an average ore grade of 6.8 carats (1.36 g) per ore tonne, about 400 million carats (80,000 kg).
Further estimated reserves of 14 million tonnes of ore, at a grade of 6.1 carats (1.22 g) per tonne (85 million carats, 17,000 kg), also existed.
As of 2001, reserves and resources in the open-pit mined area contain 220 million tonnes of 2.5 to 3.0 carat (500 to 600 mg) per tonne graded ore, sufficient to sustain current production rates until 2007.
The ore grades at the Argyle mine are unusually high, with most commercial diamond mines averaging grades of 0.3 to 1.0 carats (60 to 200 mg) per metric ton.
At the end of 1989 around 238 million tons of ore, with an estimated grade of 3.7 carats per ton were quoted as a resource.
Much of this resource was below the open-pit and was the subject of an underground mining study carried out in the mid 1990s.
In the late 1990s, part of the west wall of the open pit mine, containing 25 million tonnes of waste rock, began to collapse.
Argyle has just announced on March 2, 2018 that it's estimated Ore Reserves decreased by 13 Million tonnes to just 16Mt.
An exploration decline was constructed at a cost of A$70 million to evaluate the economics of mining diamonds from the diamondiferous pipes below the floor of the open pit; these reserves would be mined underground (by block caving), rather than the open pit method currently used.
The estimated value of Argyle diamond production is only US$7 per carat ($35/g); this compares to values of $70 per carat ($350/g) for diamonds produced at the Diavik mine and US$170 per carat ($850/g) at the Ekati mine, both in Canada.
This makes extraction economically feasible, as mine costs are mostly related to the amount of ore processed, not the amount of diamond extracted.
In 2005, Rio Tinto was given the go-ahead to a future expansion project, moving it from an open pit to an underground mine.
This plan was postponed; in September 2010 Rio Tinto announced fresh plans to develop an underground mine beneath the existing pit, increasing annual production to 9 million tonnes of ore.
The Block Cave is expected to operate until the end of 2020 using the latest in mining technology, including Sandvik's auto mining technology.
In numerical analysis, stochastic tunneling (STUN) is an approach to global optimization based on the Monte Carlo method-sampling of the function to be objective minimized in which the function is nonlinearly transformed to allow for easier tunneling among regions containing function minima.
The general idea of STUN is to circumvent the slow dynamics of ill-shaped energy functions that one encounters for example in spin glasses by tunneling through such barriers.
Master Gunnery Sergeant (MGySgt) is the 9th and highest enlisted grade (along with the grade-equivalent rank of Sergeant Major) in the United States Marine Corps.
While the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps out-ranks all other Sergeants Major (and Master Gunnery Sergeants), it is a unique rank of which there is only one in the Corps.
These nicknames are considered unacceptable in formal or ceremonial situations and, at the rank holder's discretion, may also be unacceptable for use by lower-ranking Marines.
The grade was derived from another grade unique to the United States Marine Corps, the Gunnery Sergeant, and has been in use (though not continuously) since the time of the Spanish–American War (April 25 – August 12, 1898).
Establishment of the grade in its current form and pay grade occurred during a sweeping reorganization of grades in 1958 and 1959.
The grade was included, along with the grade of Master Sergeant, in a new career path for the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 which allowed senior SNCO billets to be filled by occupational specialists.
This move was designed to officially acknowledge the ever-increasing complexity of modern warfare, while still keeping the First Sergeant and Sergeant Major career paths with their historic command emphasis intact.
Master Gunnery Sergeants (MGySgts) with an infantry Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) serve in the billet of operations chief, as the senior staff non-commissioned officer in the operations section of an infantry battalion, or higher level (e.g., MEU, infantry regiment, MEB, Marine division, or MEF) headquarters.
MGySgts with a non-infantry (e.g., artillery, tank, communications, logistics) MOS typically serve as either the operations chief of their MOS type battalion/regiment (e.g., artillery battalion/regiment, tank battalion) or as the section chief/NCOIC in their MOS related staff section (e.g., communications, logistics) at the regimental/Marine Aircraft Group, or higher level, headquarters.
Master Gunnery Sergeants with an aviation maintenance MOS serve in the billet of maintenance NCOIC/chief in the aircraft maintenance department of a Marine aircraft squadron or in maintenance-related billets at the Marine Air Group (MAG) or Marine Air Wing (MAW) level.
For example, there are four aviation-related MGySgt billets (aircraft maintenance NCOIC, aviation supply NCOIC, avionics NCOIC, and aviation ordnance NCOIC) in the Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron (MALS) organic to each Marine Aircraft Group (MAG).
One of the major differences between the two E-9 ranks is that Master Gunnery Sergeants retain an occupational field-related MOS, while Sergeants Major receive a new MOS to reflect their specific command-related focus.
It is also important to note that while a Sergeant Major and a Master Gunnery Sergeant have different duties and responsibilities, a Master Gunnery Sergeant can (and often does) assume the duties of a Sergeant Major.
Karl Emil Julius Ulrich Salchow (7 August 1877 – 19 April 1949) was a Swedish figure skater, who dominated the sport in the first decade of the 20th century.
This is still a record, which he shares with Sonja Henie who also won 10 titles in the 1920s and 1930s, and with Irina Rodnina who won 10 titles in the 1960s and 1970s.
Salchow did not compete in the 1906 World Championships that were held in Munich, as he feared that he would not be judged fairly against Gilbert Fuchs of Germany.
When figure skating was first contested at the Summer Olympic Games in London (1908), Salchow also won the title with ease, became one of the oldest figure skating Olympic champions.
In addition, Salchow won the European Championships a record nine times (1898–1900, 1904, 1906–1907, 1909–1910, 1913) and placed second in the World Championships three times.
In 1909, Ulrich Salchow first landed a jump in competition in which he took off on the back inside edge, and landed on the back outside edge of his other foot.
After his competitive days, Salchow remained active in the sport, and was president of the International Skating Union (ISU) from 1925 to 1937.
Furthermore, he was the chairman of AIK in Stockholm between 1928 and 1939 – the leading Swedish club in football, ice-hockey, bandy, tennis and other sports.
The office of Prime Minister under the name of the Chairman of Government was introduced in Georgia upon its declaration of independence in May 1918.
The newly independent Georgia established the position of Prime Minister in August 1991, only to be abolished de facto in the aftermath of the January 1992 military coup and legally in the 1995 Constitution.
The office was reintroduced in the February 2004 constitutional amendment and further modified as a result of series of amendments passed between 2011 and 2018.
The office of Prime Minister may not be held by a citizen of Georgia who is simultaneously the citizen of a foreign country.
The nominee for premiership and ministerial candidates selected by them must win the confidence vote of the Parliament and then, within 2 days of a vote of confidence, be appointed by the President of Georgia.
If the parliamentary vote of confidence is not passed within the established time frame, the President dissolves the Parliament no earlier than two weeks and no later than three weeks after the respective time frame has expired, and calls extraordinary parliamentary election.
The Prime Minister of Georgia is the head of the Government, responsible for government activities and appointment and dismissal of ministers.
Prime Minister signs the legal acts of the government and countersigns some of the acts issued by the President of Georgia.
The Prime Minister also has the right to make decision on the use of the Defense Forces during martial law without the Parliament's approval.
During the martial law, the Prime Minister becomes a member of the National Defense Council, a consultative body chaired by the President of Georgia.
Located on the banks of the Palar River in the north-eastern part of Tamil Nadu, the city has been ruled at different times, by the Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Vijayanagar Empire, Rashtrakutas, Carnatic kingdom and the British.
The city has four zones (a total of 60 wards) covering an area of 87.915 km and has a population of 423,425 based on the 2001 census.
The Government of India has released the next list for the smart cities project and Vellore in among the 27 cities chosen in that list.
A strategically located city, it is well connected by rail and bus routes to major towns of the neighboring states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala.
It was under the sway of various dynasties and rulers, the prominent among them being the Pallavas, Cholas, Rashtrakuta dynasty of Malkhed, Sambuvarayar, the rulers of Vijayanagara, Carnatic and the British rulers.
In the 18th Century, Vellore was the site of some of the decisive battles fought in Ambur(Tirupattur district) (1749) A.D Arcot (Ranipet District) (1751) A.D and Vandivasi(Tiruvannamalai district) (1760A.D) as a result of the long -drawn struggle between the English and the French for Supremacy.
A very close examination of the stone inscriptions suggests that the fort was most likely built during the rule of Chinna Bommi Nayak (1526 to 1595A.D).
The Kalyanamantap, on the left of the entrance, with intricate carving and delicacy of exaction, bears testimony to the engineering and advanced state of sculpture of the times.
Dr. IDA Scudder, an American lady with a missionary zeal, started her Medical work in 1900 A.D. by setting up a very small Hospital, which in the last hundred years has grown into a premier Medical Institution of international reputation.
The central prison in Vellore, set up in 1830 A.D. is another historically important landmark as some eminent personalities and Freedom Fighters like Thiru Rajaji, R.Venkata Raman had served their prison terms there.
The other note worthy monuments are the Mausoleums located in Aruganthampoodi area on the Vellore – Arcot road, where the family members of Tippu Sultan were buried and the Muthu mandapam on the banks of river Palar, a memorial raised by the Tamil Nadu Government to honor Vikarama Raja Singha, the last Tamil King who ruled Kandy (Sri Lanka) from 1798 to 1815 A.D.
In fact,the Sepoy Mutiny of 1806 A.D. that broke out inside the Vellore fort against the British authority is considered to be a prelude to the Great Revolt of 1857, which is often described by some historians as the first war of Independence.
The outstanding performance of this district in contributing to the Military service is commendable, as more and more men have enlisted themselves to the Military service, to serve the nation with indomitable sprit and courage.
In 1806, more than 50 years before the great Revolt of 1857, there was another soldier- led mutiny in the south.
Though this mutiny seems to have faded from our collective memory, it was indicative of the simmering dissent in the British barracks.
The Vellore Sepoy Mutiny is considered to be the first large-scale mutiny against the British which resulted in over 100 British officers getting wounded or dying.
The trigger for this mutiny was also British high-handedness and the fear that the British were trying to convert the soldiers they commanded.
In 1805, the new Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army of the British East India company, General Sir John Cradock embarked on an ambitious reform of the army's disciplinary system.
As a result of this, the Military Board approved a new, standardized regulation for the Madras army which dictated how sepoys should wear their uniforms and appear on duty.
While this included generic rules like the need to have their beards and moustaches trimmed, it also required sepoys to ensure they had no ‘caste marks’ and wear a new kind of turban with leather embellishments.
In May 1806, a few soldiers who protested against this change in uniform were sent to Chennai's Fort St. George where they were given public lashings and sacked from the army.
Already angry, this ‘soldier’s rebellion’ was further instigated by the sons of the deceased Tipu Sultan, who nursed grudges against the British and helped the sepoys in their uprising.
First the Aravidus, the last dynasty that ruled Vijayanagara lost Vellore to the Bijapur Sultan then in 1676 CE, it was captured by the Marathas after a siege that lasted four and a half months.
Eventually the fort came under the charge of Dost Ali, the Nawab of Carnatic, before passing on to the British in 1760 CE.
Vellore fort withstood Hyder Ali's siege for two years from 1780-82 CE, and would later become the base for Lord Cornwallis’ march on Bangalore to defeat Tipu Sultan.
When Tipu Sultan was killed at Sringapatam during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-79 CE) and his kingdom handed back to the Hindu Wodeyar kings of Mysore, the British exiled Tipu's surviving 13 sons, several daughters, their respective families and their entire entourage to the Vellore fort.
In the early hours of July 10, the Indian sepoys attacked the European barracks within the fort, and by late morning they had killed over 100 British soldiers and ransacked their houses.
On receiving the news, the British commander, Colonel Robert Rollo Gillespie rushed with the Madras Cavalry, based 20 km away in Arcot, and charged through the gates attacking the Indian sepoys.
As a result of the uprising, a court of inquiry was setup by the British, who decided to shift Tipu Sultan's family to Calcutta, in isolation, so that they could be as far away from Vellore as possible.
The news of the uprising shook up England so much that the then governor, William Bentick, and the Commander - in - chief of the Madras army, John Cradock, were both dismissed from their positions.
The economic condition of the district in the earlier stages was not very sound, in the absence of the major industries.
The innovative self help groups of woman are also playing a very useful role in building rural economy and helping rural women to be self reliant.
A striking feature of the social change is that the district achieved cent percent literacy owing to the effective implementation of the Arivoli Movement.
The Samathuvapurams that are being set up, in various parts of the district, herald a new era, as social harmony and peaceful co-existence of different communities are the basic concept of this scheme.
The Varumun Kappom Thittam by proving basic infrastructure to rural folk for a free medical examination is indeed a milestone in the social history of Tamil Nadu.
The recorded history of Vellore dates back to the ninth century, as seen from a Chola inscriptions in the Annamalaiyar Temple in Tiruvannamalai.
The southwest monsoon, with an onset in June and lasting up to September, brings rainfall of 517.1 mm, with September being the rainiest month.
According to 2011 census, the Vellore District had a population of 3,936,331 with a sex-ratio of 1,034 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
There were a total of 70,257 workers, comprising 297 cultivators, 395 main agricultural labourers, 4,387 in house hold industries, 59,281 other workers, 5,897 marginal workers, 59 marginal cultivators, 74 marginal agricultural labourers, 667 marginal workers in household industries and 5,097 other marginal workers.
As per the religious census of 2011, Vellore had 80.09% Hindus, 14.28% Muslims, 4.79% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs, 0.03% Buddhists, 0.51% Jains, 0.26% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
As of 2001, out of the total area, 69.88% of the land was marked developed and 31.12% of the city remained undeveloped.
Out of the developed area, 55.76% was used for residential purposes, 8.34% for commercial, 1.58% for industrial, 3.3% for educational, 16.46% for public and semi public and 10.12% for transport and communication.
The population density is not uniform: It is high in areas like Arugandhampoondi and lower in the peripheral areas such as Poonthottam.
The town was constituted as a third-grade municipality in 1866, promoted to first-grade during 1947, selection-grade from 1970 and a municipal corporation from 1 August 2008.
The functions of the municipal corporation are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT).
Vellore is a part of the Vellore & Katpadi and it elects 2 members to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years.
From the 1977 elections, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the assembly twice (in 1977 and 2009 elections), four times by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (in 1980, 1984 and 1989), twice by Indian National Congress (INC) (in 1991 and 2001 elections) and twice by Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC) (in 1996 and 2001 elections).
There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a superintendent of police.
Vellore, being the headquarters of the district, has registered growth in the tertiary sector activities, with a corresponding decrease in the primary sector.
Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products (such as finished leathers, shoes, garments and gloves).
Automobile and mechanical companies of global Brands, including SAME Deutz-Fahr, TVS–Brakes India, Mitsubishi, Greaves Cotton and MRF have their manufacturing units in the area.
Kramski Stamping and Molding India Pvt Ltd, a German precision metal and plastic integrated-component manufacturing company with automotive, telecommunications, electronics and medical applications is in Erayankadu, near Vellore.
Major businesses in the city center are on Officer's Line, Town Hall Road, Long Bazaar and Bangalore, Scudder, Arni, Gandhi and Katpadi Roads.
Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH), on Ida Scudder Road in the heart of the city, is Vellore's largest private employer and has a large floating population from other parts of India and abroad.
With the advent of hospitals such as Apollo KH Hospital in Melvisharam and Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre in Sripuram, coupled with colleges such as CMC & VIT and other engineering and science colleges, the health care industry is growing rapidly.
It has a state-government university, a private technological university, one government and one private medical school and several engineering and arts and science colleges.
The central government's biotechnology department selected the Christian Medical College (CMC) as the first in a series of centers, since it already had world-class clinical hematology and biochemistry departments.
The college has made a breakthrough which attracted the attention of the country's medical and scientific community: the Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Christian Medical College succeeded in reprogramming cells from adult mice to make them function like stem cells found in the human embryo.
The Government of India-sponsored National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) scheme has been in operation since October 1997, with the main objective being trials of conservation measures conducted in water and soil of 18 watersheds in the Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts.
Auxilium Women's College (founded in 1954) is the first women's college in Vellore district; Other arts and sciences colleges in the city are the Dhanabakyam Krishnaswamy Mudhaliar Women's College (DKM) near Sainathapuram and the Muthurangam Government Arts College (MGAC) in Otteri, near Bagayam.
Voorhees College (founded 1898) is the oldest college in the district and known as the institution where S. Radhakrishnan (former president of India) studied; a commemorative stamp for the centenary of the college was issued by the government of India.
Schieffelin Institute of Health – Research and Leprosy Centre (SIH-R & LC) called Karigiri Hospital is located near Vellore, was established in 1955 to care for the leprosy patients.
During British rule, Tipu Sultan's family and the last king of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Rajasinha, were held as royal prisoners in the fort.
The first rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it witnessed the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Emperor Sriranga Raya.
The main walls are built of massive granite stones, surrounded by a broad moat fed with water by subterranean pipes from the Suryagunta reservoir.
The fort houses the Tipu Mahal where Tipu Sultan is believed to have stayed with his family during the war with the British; the graves of Tipu's sons are found at Vellore.
Special exhibits include a bronze double sword from Vellore Taluk dating to 400 BC, stone sculptures from the late Pallava to Vijayanagar periods, ivory chess boards and coins used by the last Kandian King of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Raja Singha.
Educational activities at the museum include an art camp for school students and the study of inscriptions and iconography for college students.
Bus service is available to Chennai, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Tirupathi, Kadapa, Anantapur, Salem, Chittoor, Kuppam, Kolar, Kolar Gold Fields, Madanapalle, Vijayawada, Hyderabad, Mangalore, Karur, Kumbakonam, Aranthangi, Mannargudi, Nagapattinam, Hosur, Marthandam, Thoothukudi, Thiruchendur, Sengottai, Cuddalore, Kurnool, Trichy, Thuraiyur, Thammampatti, Thiruvannamalai, Tindivanam, Pondicherry, Kallakkurichi, Tirupattur,Viluppuram, Kanyakumari, Arani, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Kanchipuram, Tiruttani, Kalpakkam, Pallikonda, Ponnai, Gudiyatham, Dharmapuri, Erode, Tirupur, Palakkad, Krishnagiri, mumbai Gingee and other major towns and cities in South India.
There are two bus terminals: the Town Bus Terminus (opposite the fort and near CMC Hospital) and the Central Bus Terminus (Near Green Circle).
There are direct rail links to Vijayawada Junction, Tirupati, Jhansi, Bhubaneswar, Nagpur, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Lucknow, Dehradun, Agartala, Ahmedabad, Ludhiana, Bhopal Junction, Mumbai, Mangalore, Tiruchchirapalli, Kumbakonam, BilaspurKorba, Patna, Ernakulam, Trivandrum, Kanniyakumari, Shirdi, Kanpur, Gaya, Dhanbad, Jammu Tawi, Madurai, Bhilai, Gwalior, Chennai Central, Howrah Station, New Delhi Railway Station, Coimbatore, Guwahati, Silchar, Howrah, Nagarcoil, Kozhikode, Kollam, Thrissur, Jaipur, Dibrugarh, Varanasi, Pune, Hyderabad, Vishakapatnam and other major cities.
The 150-km broad gauge line was extended to Villupuram in January 2010 and connects Vellore and South Tamil Nadu; however, it is serviced by slow passenger trains.
It was re-activated in as a part of Airports Authority of India idle airports activation programme in July 2006 to facilitate regular flying by trainee pilots of the Madras Flying Club whose operations were restricted with the increase in scheduled aircraft movement at Chennai Airport.
Vellore airport being revived under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) or UDAN, runway and terminal building works are under progress, all the required infrastructure works scheduled to be ready by June-2019 for operations.
Water supply is provided by the Vellore municipal corporation from the Palar river through Palar headworks and Karungamputhur headworks and distributed through ten overhead tanks.
As per the municipal data for 2011, about 83 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Vellore every day by door-to-door collection.
There is no underground drainage system and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.
As of 2011, 24 government and private hospitals and one veterinary hospital take care of the health care needs of the citizens.
As of 2011, the municipal corporation maintained 5,241 street lamps: 735 sodium lamps, 73 mercury vapour lamps, 4,432 tube lights and one high mast beam lamp.
The municipal corporation operates the Nethaji Daily Market that caters to the needs of the city and the rural areas around it.
Founded in 1993, the Battery is one of the oldest continuously operating professional soccer clubs in the United States, tied with the Richmond Kickers.
Charleston is one of the more successful lower division soccer clubs in the United States, having won the USISL Pro League in 1996, the USL A-League in 2003, and the final season of the USL Second Division in 2010.
Previously, the club played its home games at the soccer-specific MUSC Health Stadium in the Daniel Island section of Charleston from 1999 to 2019.
The Battery was formed in 1993 by an ownership group of local soccer enthusiasts led by Tony Bakker, a native of London who had relocated his software company Blackbaud to the Charleston area in 1989.
The club hired experienced college coach and University of South Carolina graduate Tim Hankinson to develop the team, and the Battery started as a member of the USISL, which eventually evolved and came to be known as the USL in 1995.
The Battery won their first league championship in 1996 under Portuguese manager Nuno Piteira, defeating the Charlotte Eagles 3–2 in the final.
In 1999 the Battery moved into what is now known as MUSC Health Stadium, becoming the first non-Major League Soccer professional club in the United States to build its own stadium, and forged a reputation as one of the country's most well-established lower division clubs.
The Battery hired veteran English coach Alan Dicks and signed many experienced domestic players such as Paul Conway, Dan Calichman and Eric Wynalda while also bringing in notable foreign signings such as Terry Phelan and Raúl Díaz Arce.
In 2001 Dicks was replaced by fellow Englishman Chris Ramsey, who led Charleston to the A-League championship in 2003 with a 3–0 victory in the final over Minnesota Thunder in Charleston.
Following Ramsey's departure in 2004, the club promoted longtime player and assistant coach Mike Anhaeuser to be the club's new manager.
In 2008 the Battery reached the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup final for the first time, playing against Major League Soccer team D.C. United at RFK Stadium.
In the final the Battery conceded an early goal but bounced back with a quick-fire equalizer through an Ian Fuller goal, assisted by Chris Williams.
At the start of the second half Charleston conceded early again, but in the final seconds of extra time Marco Reda put the ball in the back of the net for Charleston, only to have his goal controversially disallowed as offside.
In 2010 Charleston was invited by several other USL clubs to join the breakaway league eventually known as the North American Soccer League, but the Battery chose to remain in the USL system and self-relegate to the USL Second Division, which eventually became the chief USL professional division.
In their first third division season in 2010, Charleston led the league standings for the entire year and went undefeated at home.
In 2012 the Battery won their fourth league title in club history, defeating local rivals Wilmington Hammerheads 1–0 in the final.
Micheal Azira scored a 74th-minute winner after Jose Cuevas slipped a pass to him on the left side of the penalty area.
In recent years the Battery have had loan affiliations with several Major League Soccer clubs, beginning with a one-year deal to become the USL Pro affiliate of Vancouver Whitecaps FC in 2014.
On January 15, 2016, it was announced that the club would be partnering with the Atlanta United FC for the 2016 MLS season prior to Atlanta's entry to MLS in 2017.
In February 2016, it was announced that longtime majority owner Tony Bakker had sold the club to B Sports Entertainment, an investment group led by local tech executives.
In early 2018 it was announced that Bell would be leaving the club to take over operations of an announced USL expansion club in Memphis, Tennessee, ending a two-decade career in the Charleston front office.
In October 2019, it was announced that B Sports Entertainment had sold the club to Rob Salvatore of HCFC, LLC with a move to Patriots Point Soccer Complex in Mount Pleasant.
Beginning in 1997 the club began using black with yellow stripes, which has remained in use as the home jersey ever since.
The Charleston away kit has typically been a combination of red, white and black, though for the 2017 season the away kit is either the 25 Anniversary black and silver combination, or white and black.
The club badge has been the same throughout its history, other than minor adjustments in color, resolution and the addition of four stars representing each of the team's league championships.
It is a classic shield in the club's signature yellow and black stripes, featuring a pair of crossed artillery cannons (alluding to the city's naval history and prominent role in the American Revolution and American Civil War) above a depiction of a soccer ball.
The Battery played their first six seasons in downtown Charleston at Stoney Field, a facility they shared with various college and high school sports teams.
MUSC Health Stadium is modeled on lower level English soccer grounds and features an on-site pub called The Three Lions behind the west stand.
Additionally, the complex includes sky boxes, a plaza for corporate entertaining, and state-of-the-art media capabilities, making it one of the premier professional soccer venues in the U.S.
The Battery competes for the Coffee Pot Cup every time it faces their rival team D.C. United of Major League Soccer, a trophy established by the two sides' supporters and currently held by DC.
The clubs have regularly faced each other in friendlies and cup competitions, with the 2008 US Open Cup final remaining the highest profile match between the two clubs to date.
Many of the most commonly used cryptography systems are based on the assumption that the discrete log is extremely difficult to compute; the more difficult it is, the more security it provides a data transfer.
Then it fixes an formula_17 and tries values of formula_18 in the right-hand side of the congruence above, in the manner of trial multiplication.
The hashing is done on the second component, and to perform the check in step 1 of the main loop, γ is hashed and the resulting memory address checked.
Since hash tables can retrieve and add elements in formula_22 time (constant time), this does not slow down the overall baby-step giant-step algorithm.
The running time of the algorithm and the space complexity is formula_23, much better than the formula_24 running time of the naive brute force calculation.
The Baby-step giant-step algorithm is often used to solve for the shared key in the Diffie Hellman key exchange, when the modulus is a prime number.
Eugene Shoemaker showed that shocked quartz is also found inside craters created by meteor impact, such as the Barringer Crater and Chicxulub crater.
The presence of shocked quartz supports that such craters were formed by impact, because a volcanic eruption would not generate the required pressure.
Coesite and stishovite are usually viewed as indicative of impact events, eclogite facies metamorphism, (or thermonuclear explosion), but are also found in sediments prone to lightning strikes and in fulgurites.
Shocked quartz is found worldwide, and occurs in the thin Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer, which occurs at the contact between Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks.
This is further evidence (in addition to iridium enrichment) that the transition between the two geologic periods was caused by a large impact.
Lightning also generates planar deformation features in quartz and is capable of propagating appropriate pressure/temperature gradients in rocks and sediments alike.
Though shocked quartz is only recently recognized, Eugene Shoemaker discovered it prior to its crystallographic description in building stones in the Bavarian town of Nördlingen, derived from shock-metamorphic rocks, such as breccia and pseudotachylite, of Ries crater.
Founded in 1874, the SUNY Maritime College was the first college of its kind (federally approved, offering commercial nautical instruction) to be founded in the United States and is one of only seven degree-granting maritime academies in the United States.
Due in part to the Civil War, there was a decline in the American maritime industry and a growing concern about the professionalism of its officers.
As a result, the New York Chamber of Commerce and maritime interests of the port of New York lobbied the state legislature to create a professional nautical school for the city.
Luce led the effort, and through his efforts an act was passed by Congress in 1874 that enabled individual states to request from the Navy retired or obsolete vessels to train seamen.
Originally administered by the Board of Education of the City of New York, it was conducted as a grammar school that taught common school subjects (along with nautical classes) during the winter term, and then held practical cruises during the summer term.
During this early period, the school was typically run on an annual appropriation of $20,000 to $30,000 with the school often facing closure because the cost per pupil was much higher than in a regular public school, mainly due to the overhead of ship maintenance and student board.
Despite being a state institution, the school was almost closed in 1916, again for budgetary reasons, but efforts from the maritime industry and the school's alumni kept it alive.
After this time, the American merchant marine grew and subsequently a greater demand for trained American merchant marine brought growth to the school.
In 1921, the school, which had for long moved from berth to berth, found itself at Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.
With the growing demand, a push was made by then superintendent James Harvey Tomb beginning in 1927 to acquire a larger ship and a land-based institution.
One of Franklin D. Roosevelt's last acts as Governor of New York State was to sign the act turning Fort Schuyler and the Throggs Neck peninsula over to the school for use as a shore-based facility of higher education.
Work restoring Fort Schuyler for the academy's use was done at first by the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA) in 1934 followed by the Works Progress Administration in 1935.
All of the college's bachelor's degree programs may be combined with preparation for the professional license as a United States Merchant Marine Officer.
The College also offers a master's degree in International Transportation Management and Maritime and Naval Studies; as well as several graduate Professional Mariner Training certificates.
Most of the degree programs may be completed while concurrently preparing for the United States Merchant Marine officer's license as a third mate or third assistant engineer.
Additionally, SUNY Maritime College has the only United States Navy/United States Marine Corps Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program in the metropolitan New York City area, which prepares enrollees for commissioned officer positions in the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps.
As of 2017, the graduates of SUNY Maritime College earned US$144,000, the highest average annual salary of any university graduates in the United States.
SUNY Maritime College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III, competing primarily in the Skyline Conference for the majority of its sports, as well as the ECFC for football, ICSA for sailing, and US Rowing for its rowing teams.
The department currently sponsors 16 different varsity programs: baseball, men's basketball, men's and women's cross country, football, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's rowing, co-ed dinghy sailing, co-ed offshore sailing, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming & diving, and women's volleyball.
The department also offers ice hockey, mixed rifle and rugby at the club level, ice hockey competes as a Division III member of the American Collegiate Hockey Association, mixed rifle competes in the Mid-Atlantic Rifle Conference, and rugby competes in the Tri-State Rugby Conference.
Incoming Cadets must go through Indoctrination (shortened to INDOC), a ten days of training in August where they learn leadership and basic seamanship skills.
During freshman year, aka Mariner Under Guidance (MUG) year, Cadets are made to square corners, stand at attention for all upperclassmen, and have room inspections, and maintain the uniform of the day.
Maggie is intended to be a replacement for Blanche as by the 3rd series of Tenko, Blanche dies offscreen as a result of beri-beri.
Coesite is a form (polymorph) of silicon dioxide SiO that is formed when very high pressure (2–3 gigapascals), and moderately high temperature (), are applied to quartz.
In 1960, a natural occurrence of coesite was reported by Edward C. T. Chao, in collaboration with Eugene Shoemaker, from Barringer Crater, in Arizona, US, which was evidence that the crater must have been formed by an impact.
After this report, the presence of coesite in unmetamorphosed rocks was taken as evidence of a meteorite impact event or of an atomic bomb explosion.
In metamorphic rocks, coesite was initially described in eclogite xenoliths from the mantle of the Earth that were carried up by ascending magmas; kimberlite is the most common host of such xenoliths.
In metamorphic rocks, coesite is now recognized as one of the best mineral indicators of metamorphism at very high pressures (UHP, or ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism).
It can be preserved as mineral inclusions in other phases because as it partially reverts to quartz, the quartz rim exerts pressure on the core of the grain, preserving the metastable grain as tectonic forces uplift and expose these rock at the surface.
Coesite has been identified in UHP metamorphic rocks around the world, including the western Alps of Italy at Dora Maira, the Erzgebirge of Germany, the Lanterman Range of Antarctica, in the Kokchetav Massif of Kazakhstan, in the Western Gneiss region of Norway, the Dabie-Shan Range in Eastern China, the Himalayas of Eastern Pakistan , and the Vermont Appalachian Mountains .
The crystal structure of coesite is similar to that of feldspar and consists of four silicon dioxide tetrahedra arranged in SiO and SiO rings.
This structure is metastable within the stability field of quartz: coesite will eventually decay back into quartz with a consequent volume increase, although the metamorphic reaction is very slow at the low temperatures of the Earth's surface.
The party tends to attract protest voters who think that the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) are not sufficiently conservative.
It was founded in 1983 by former CSU members Franz Handlos and Ekkehard Voigt, and Franz Schönhuber was the party's leader from 1985 to 1994.
The Republicans had seats in the European Parliament between 1989 and 1994, Abgeordnetenhaus of West Berlin in 1989–1990 and in the parliament of the German state of Baden-Württemberg between 1991 and 2001.
The Republicans' strongholds tended to be in relatively affluent South Germany rather than the more economically depressed Eastern Germany where the more radical right-wing parties tended to do well.
The CDU/CSU parties witnessed increasing dissatisfaction of their right wing in the 1980s, while at the same time the extreme-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) was in decline.
The Republicans was formed in a Bavarian tavern on 17 November 1983 by CSU defectors and MPs Franz Handlos and Ekkehard Voigt, and former radio journalist and television talk show host Franz Schönhuber, with a past in the NSDAP and Waffen-SS.
In its early years, the party was able to profit from dissatisfaction with the CSU due to its alleged abuse of power, patronage and limited internal democracy.
This led to a fierce power struggle, in which Handlos accused Schönhuber of seeking to put the party on a course towards right-wing extremism.
Schönhuber was subsequently elected chairperson of the party in June 1985, with former NPD member Harald Neubauer as his party secretary.
The party's first election, the 1986 Bavarian state election, gave the party financial campaign support, which it used to strengthen its organisation; by 1987 it had chapters in all but one West German state.
Outside Bavaria, the party gained less support, and ended up behind both main extreme-right parties, the NPD and the German People's Union (DVU).
The Republicans chose not to contest the 1987 federal election as it considered itself too weak, and CSU leader Strauss adopted some of Schönhuber's rhetoric to win back voters.
When prospects of German unification became more realistic, the Republicans started to see political success, and the year 1989 marked the party's electoral breakthrough.
At the same time, hundreds of editorials, articles and books were written about the party, including some that speculated that it could become the fifth party of the German party system.
The party gained some support among the right-wing of the CDU/CSU, and was even considered by some as a possible future coalition partner.
Although some experts argued that the Republicans still was a democratic right-wing party, the majority considered that the party was part of the extreme-right.
The Republicans lost its electoral gains in the 1990s as it was torn by internal strife, scandals, and failure to attract voters in former East Germany after the reunification.
It contested fourteen elections between 1990 and 1991, but never surpassed the 5% threshold (although it came close in the Bavarian state election with 4.9% of the vote).
Internal strife led the leadership of two state branches of the party to be collectively discharged in 1989, and in 1990, open conflict erupted between the 'moderate' Schönhuber and 'extremist' Neubauer.
After this, the extremists, including Neubauer, were purged from the party leadership, and Neubauer was replaced by the moderate, national-conservative Rolf Schlierer.
Although the party seemed poised to disappear in the beginning of the 1990s, it won a surprising result in the April 1992 state election in Baden-Württemberg.
In the election, in which the party was headed by Schlierer, the Republicans won 10.9% of the vote and fifteen seats, and became the third largest party in the state.
The party still failed to breach the 5% threshold in subsequent elections, although it won as much as 4.8% in the 1993 Hamburg state council election.
The litmus test for Schlierer's leadership occurred in the state election in Baden-Württemberg in March 1996, for which he had stated many times that he would resign as party leader if the party failed to get reelected to the state parliament.
In the following years, election results for the party again dropped, and in the 1999 European Parliament election it won just 1.7% of the vote.
The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution stopped monitoring the party in 2006, something they had been doing since 1992.
The Republican leadership rebuffed the offer of an electoral alliance with two more successful parties that were later to merge, the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) and the German People's Union (DVU), due to their openly extreme-right positions.
The strongholds for the Republicans also differ from those of the more radical right-wing parties, with the former being strongest in the relatively affluent South Germany whilst the latter have had most success in the more economically depressed Eastern Germany.
The latter included campaigning for the unification of the then-existing West and East Germany, which helped boost the party's popularity in the late 1980s.
The party did not however strive for the inclusion of all groups it considered as part of the German ethnic community, such as Austrians, South Tyroleans and Transylvanian Saxons.
The early programmes of the party sought to protect German agriculture, the middle classes, as well as German small businesses from big corporations and monopolisation.
While it maintained a neo-liberal discourse and calls for budget cuts, it began promoting welfare chauvinism, namely only funding German interests.
The Republicans have criticised immigration since its foundation, but the initial relatively moderate discourse became increasingly radical and outspoken under Schönhuber and Neubauer, as well as becoming one of the major topics of party literature.
The party highlighted the topic of asylum seekers in the 1980s, when it generally had little importance in German political debate.
As the number of asylum seekers increased significantly in the 1990s, so did media attention on a number of controversies, and the major German parties agreed on a stricter asylum law in December 1992.
The party criticised Muslims in particular for being fundamentalist and not willing to be integrated, expanding their sub-culture all over Europe.
Since the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, opposition to the European Union has become one of the party's most important issues, and it turned to support a confederal state instead of a federal one.
The party perceives the international community to be especially hostile towards Germany, and criticises what it considers to be certain limitations of Germany's sovereignty.
After being elected to the European Parliament in 1989, it briefly teamed up in the European Right group with the French National Front (FN) and the Belgian Vlaams Blok.
Together with the Vlaams Blok, the Republicans sought to move the FN away from the Italian Social Movement, which was in conflict with the Republicans over the territorial dispute of South Tyrol.
The Republicans' alliance with these parties however ended already in 1990, when they accepted Neubauer and his group instead of Schönhuber in the European Right group.
After the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, the Republicans was also briefly the inspiration for some short-lived initiatives in countries including Hungary, Ukraine, Latvia and Czechoslovakia.
Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini, or Our Lady of the Conception of the Capuchins, is a church in Rome, Italy, commissioned in 1626 by Pope Urban VIII, whose brother, Antonio Barberini, was a Capuchin friar.
The chapels are notable as one contains the body of St. Felix of Cantalice and another is the tomb of the Saint Crispin of Viterbo.
Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who was a member of the Capuchin order, in 1631 ordered the remains of thousands of Capuchin friars exhumed and transferred from the friary Via dei Lucchesi to the crypt.
The bones were arranged along the walls, and the friars began to bury their own dead there, as well as the bodies of poor Romans, whose tomb was under the floor of the present Mass chapel.
The crypt, or ossuary, now contains the remains of 4,000 friars buried between 1500 and 1870, during which time the Roman Catholic Church permitted burial in and under churches.
The underground crypt is divided into five chapels, lit only by dim natural light seeping in through cracks, and small fluorescent lamps.
Some of the skeletons are intact and draped with Franciscan habits, but for the most part, individual bones are used to create elaborate ornamental designs.
The crypt originated at a period of a rich and creative cult for their dead; great spiritual masters meditated and preached with a skull in hand.
The Sedlec ossuary (1870) in the Czech Republic and the Skull Chapel in Poland are said to have been inspired by it.
OpenAL is an environmental 3D audio library, which can add realism to a game by simulating attenuation (degradation of sound over distance), the Doppler effect (change in frequency as a result of motion), and material densities.
OpenAL aimed to originally be an open standard and open-source replacement for proprietary (and generally incompatible with one another) 3D audio APIs such as DirectSound and Core Audio, though in practice has largely been implemented on various platforms as a wrapper around said proprietary APIs or as a proprietary and vendor-specific fork.
OpenAL was originally developed in 2000 by Loki Software to help them in their business of porting Windows games to Linux.
After the demise of Loki, the project was maintained for a time by the free software/open source community, and implemented on NVIDIA nForce sound cards and motherboards.
It is now hosted (and largely developed) by Creative Technology with on-going support from Apple, Blue Ripple Sound via their Rapture3D OpenAL Driver ,and individual open-source developers.
Since 1.1, the implementation by Creative has turned proprietary, with the last releases in free licenses still accessible through the project's Subversion source code repository.
A source object contains a pointer to a buffer, the velocity, position and direction of the sound, and the intensity of the sound.
The net result of all of this for the end user is that in a properly written OpenAL application, sounds behave quite naturally as the user moves through the three-dimensional space of the virtual world.
From a programmer's perspective, very little additional work is required to make this happen in an existing OpenGL-based 3D graphical application.
Unlike the OpenGL specification, the OpenAL specification includes two subsections of the API: the core consisting of the actual OpenAL function calls, and the ALC (Audio Library Context) API which is used to manage rendering contexts, resource usage and locking in a cross platform manner.
There is also an 'ALUT' (Audio Library Utility Toolkit) library that provides higher level 'convenience' functions — exactly analogous to OpenGL's 'GLUT'.
Individual vendors are thereby able to include their own extensions into distributions of OpenAL, commonly for the purpose of exposing additional functionality on their proprietary hardware.
Extensions can be promoted to ARB (Architecture Review Board) status, indicating a standard extension which will be maintained for backwards compatibility.
For advanced digital signal processing and hardware-accelerated sound effects, the EFX (Effects Extension) or environmental audio extensions (EAX) can be used.
In order to take full speed advantage of OpenAL, a vendor/hardware specific implementation is needed and these are seldom released as open source.
Many supported platforms in fact implement OpenAL as a wrapper which simply translates calls to the platform's native, and often proprietary, audio API.
On Windows, if a vendor specific implementation is not detected it will fall back to the wrap_oal.dll wrapper library that translates OpenAL into DirectSound (Generic Software) or DirectSound3D (Generic Hardware); the removal of the latter from Windows Vista onward has effectively broken generic hardware acceleration on modern versions of Windows.
The API is available on the following platforms and Operating systems: Android (supports OpenSL ES), AmigaOS 3.x and 4.x, Bada, BlackBerry 10, BlackBerry PlayBook, BSD, iOS (supports Core Audio), IRIX, Linux (supports ALSA, OSS, PortAudio and PulseAudio), Mac OS 8, Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X (Core Audio), Microsoft Windows (supports DirectSound, Windows Multimedia API and Windows Multimedia Device (MMDevice) API), MorphOS, OpenBSD, Solaris, QNX, and AROS.
The hooker with a heart of gold (also the whore with a heart of gold or the tart with a heart) is a stock character involving a courtesan or prostitute with a hidden integrity and kindness.
The character, traditionally female, is usually an example of irony: an allegedly immoral woman who demonstrates virtues absent in a woman morally correct for the role.
This character is often a pivotal, but peripheral, character in literature and motion pictures, usually giving key advice or serving as a go-between.
But this stock character is pervasive enough in various myths and cultures in the form of a tragic story of the concubine who falls in love with her patron/client or, alternatively, young and often poor lover.
Therefore, this might be considered not just an archetype but also fairly universal, and somewhat indicative of various societies' complex ideas about sexual decency and moral character.
Characters of this nature are often depicted as having tragic lives, but put on a front when in public to create the illusion of happiness.
More often than not, these female characters are vital to their respective shows, and inevitably become some of the biggest stars in British Television.
The story of Rahab in the Bible's Book of Joshua is considered by some the earliest example of this character type.
She is later persuaded to leave him by Alfredo's father Giorgio Germont in order to keep the family's nobility from falling (as her reputation has threatened his daughter's engagement).
is another modern-day film, in which the main character is a courtesan named Satine who does end up having a heart and falling in love, but ultimately (tragically) dies of tuberculosis during one of her performances and never actually gets to be with the one she truly loves.
Sir Michael Checkland (born 13 March 1936) was Director-General of the BBC from 1987 to 1992, being appointed after the forced resignation of Alasdair Milne.
Michael Checkland was educated at the state grammar school King Edward VI Five Ways in Birmingham, and Wadham College, Oxford, of which he was appointed an Honorary Fellow in 1989.
Checkland joined the BBC in 1964 as a senior cost accountant and in 1969 he was promoted to be head of the Central Finance Unit and chief accountant for Central Finance Services.
In 1971 he moved to BBC TV, where he was successively chief accountant (1971–76), financial controller (1976–77), controller of planning and resource management (1977–82), and director of resources (1982–85).
In 1985 he was appointed Deputy Director-General of the Corporation, and at the same time he became Vice President of the Royal Television Society, a position he retained until 1994.
It has been claimed that the exodus to Channel 4 in the early 1990s of dramatists like Dennis Potter and Alan Bleasdale, who had both been responsible for series which caused outrage among Conservatives during the Milne era, had much to do with the relative lack of risk-taking at the BBC under Checkland and his successor John Birt, who was deputy director-general throughout Checkland's reign.
He is a trustee of Reuters, chairman of Horsham YMCA, chairman of Horsham Arts Festival, chairman of the University of Brighton and a board member of the Wales Millennium Centre.
He was a member of the Independent Television Commission from 1997 to 2003, and chairman of Brighton Festival from 1993 to 2002.
He survived the devastation of World War II as a teenager, which he said left an indelible mark on his life and fueled his quest to solve the fundamental causes of human conflict.
At age 19, Ikeda began practicing Nichiren Buddhism and joined a youth group of the Soka Gakkai Buddhist association, which led to his lifelong work developing the global peace movement of SGI and founding dozens of institutions dedicated to fostering peace, culture and education.
In 1975, he established the Soka Gakkai International, and throughout the 1970s initiated a series of citizen diplomacy efforts through international educational and cultural exchanges for peace.
In his role as SGI president, Ikeda has visited 55 nations and spoken on subjects including peace, environment, economics, women's rights, interfaith dialogue, nuclear disarmament, and Buddhism and science.
However, after the devastation of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the family's enterprise was left in ruins, and by the time Ikeda was born, his family was financially struggling.
In 1942, while all of his older brothers were overseas in the Asian theatres of World War II, Ikeda's father, Nenokichi, fell ill and was bedridden for two years.
To help to support his family, at the age of 14, Ikeda began working in the Niigata Steelworks munitions factory as part of Japan's wartime youth labor corps.
In May 1945, Ikeda's home was destroyed by fire during an Allied air raid, and his family was forced to move to the Omori area of Tokyo.
For several years, the Ikeda family, particularly his mother, was informed by the Japanese government that Kiichi had been killed in action in Burma (now Myanmar).
In August 1947, at the age of 19, Ikeda was invited by an old friend to attend a Buddhist discussion meeting.
Shortly after the end of World War II, in January 1946, Ikeda gained employment with the Shobundo Printing Company in Tokyo.
In March 1948, Ikeda graduated from Toyo Trade School and the following month entered the night school extension of Taisei Gakuin (present-day Tokyo Fuji University) where he majored in political science.
Over the next several years, between 1948 and 1953, Ikeda worked for various Toda-owned enterprises, including the Nihon Shogakkan publishing company, the Tokyo Construction Trust credit association, and the Okura Shoji trading company.
The following year, he was appointed as director of the Soka Gakkai's public relations bureau, and later became its chief of staff.
In April 1957, a group of young Soka Gakkai members in Osaka were arrested for allegedly distributing money, cigarettes and candies to support the political campaign of a local electoral candidate (who was also a Soka Gakkai member).
With the growing influence of this liberal grassroots movement, factions of the conservative political establishment initiated a series of media attacks on the Soka Gakkai, culminating in Ikeda's arrest.
In May 1960, two years after Toda's death, Ikeda, then 32 years old, succeeded him as president of the Soka Gakkai.
Soon after, Ikeda began to travel overseas to build connections between Soka Gakkai members living abroad and expand the movement globally.
While the Soka Gakkai saw its most dramatic growth after World War II under Toda's leadership, Ikeda led the international growth of the Soka Gakkai and turned it into what is considered the largest, most diverse international lay Buddhist association in the world.
He reformed many of the organization's practices, including the aggressive conversion style (known as shakubuku) for which the group had become known in Japan, and improved the organization's public image, though it was sometimes still viewed with suspicion in Japan.
On 26 January 1975, a world peace conference was held in Guam, where Soka Gakkai representatives from 51 countries created an umbrella organization for the growing network of members around the world.
The SGI was created in part as a new international peace movement, and its founding meeting was held in Guam in a symbolic gesture referencing Guam's history as the site of some of World War II's bloodiest battles, and proximity to Tinian Island, launching place of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.
In 1979, Ikeda resigned as president of the Soka Gakkai (in Japan), accepting responsibility for the organization's purported deviation from Nichiren Shōshū doctrines and accompanying conflict with its priesthood.
Nichiren Shōshū was the Buddhist denomination with which the Soka Gakkai had been associated since its founding, but the relationship between the two organizations was often strained.
Ikeda's relationship with his mentor Josei Toda shaped his emphasis on dialogue as fundamental to building trust between people and peace in society.
The variety of Ikeda's discursive styles - from the doctrinal to the poetic, the novel to the memorial - has challenged academic boundaries between religion and philosophy.
Ikeda is credited with having fostered among SGI members an ethos of social responsibility and a strong spirit of global citizenship.
Ikeda has founded a number of institutions to promote education in all its forms, cultural exchange and the exchange of ideas on peacebuilding through dialogue.
In 2015, a new version of the exhibit opened in Tokyo focusing on the bravery of Anne Frank and Chiune Sugihara.
Ikeda was an original proponent of the Earth Charter Initiative, co-founded by Mikhail Gorbachev, and Ikeda has included details of the Charter in many of his annual peace proposals since 1997.
Since 26 January 1983, Ikeda has submitted annual peace proposals to the United Nations, addressing such areas as building a culture of peace, gender equality in education, empowerment of women, UN reform and universal human rights with a view on global civilization.
In his 2019 peace proposal, he advocated for multilateral support toward the entry into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, renewed efforts based on Article 6 of the Non-Proliferation Treaty to de-escalate tensions, and an international framework to ban lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs).
Ikeda's work has been described by academics as citizen diplomacy for his contributions to diplomatic as well as intercultural ties between Japan and other countries, and more broadly between peoples of the world.
Ikeda's dialogues with scholars, politicians, and cultural figures have increased awareness and support of humanitarian and peace activities, have facilitated deeper international relationships, and generated support for SGI-sponsored work on global issues including the environment and nuclear disarmament.
First in 1967 then several times in 1970, Ikeda met with Austrian-Japanese politician and philosopher Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, founder of the Paneuropean Movement.
Their discussions which focused on East-West relations and the future of peace work were serialized in the 'Sankei Shimbun' newspaper in 1971.
Ikeda's meetings with Nelson Mandela in the 1990s led to a series of SGI-sponsored anti-apartheid lectures, a traveling exhibit, and multiple student exchange programs at the university level.
Ikeda made several visits to China and met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1974, though Sino-Japanese tensions remained over the brutalities of war waged by the Japanese militarists.
The visits led to the establishment of cultural exchanges of art, dance and music between China and Japan and opened academic exchanges between Chinese educational institutions and Soka University.
Chinese media describe Ikeda as an early proponent of normalizing diplomatic relations between China and Japan in the 1970s, citing his 1968 proposal that drew condemnation by some and the interest of others including Zhou Enlai.
Since 1975, cultural exchanges have continued between the Min-On Concert Association, founded by Ikeda, and institutions including the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.
After Ikeda's 1984 visit to China and meetings with public figures including Chinese Communist Party Leader Hu Yaobang and Deng Yingchao, observers estimated that Ikeda's 1968 proposal moved Japanese public sentiment to support closer diplomatic ties with China and his cultivation of educational and cultural ties helped strengthen state relations.
In 1999, the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Atlanta, Georgia-based Morehouse College established the Gandhi, King, Ikeda Institute for Ethics and Reconciliation as one of its programs to foster peace, nonviolence and reconciliation.
The Dr. Daisaku Ikeda Ecological Park is open to the public and its land, waterways, fauna and wildlife are protected by Brazil's Federal Conservation Law.
The Club of Rome named Ikeda an honorary member, and Ikeda has received more than 760 honorary citizenships from cities and municipalities around the world.
At the International Day for Poets of Peace in February 2016, an initiative launched by the Mohammed bin Rashid World Peace Award, Daisaku Ikeda from Japan along with Kholoud Al Mulla from the UAE, K. Satchidanandan from India and Farouq Gouda from Egypt were named International Poets of Peace.
In November 2010, citing his peacebuilding efforts and promotion of cultural exchange and humanist education, the University of Massachusetts Boston bestowed an honorary doctorate upon Ikeda, marking the 300th such title conferred by higher learning institutions in more than 50 countries, which Ikeda accepted, he said, on behalf of SGI members and in recognition of their contributions to peace, culture and education.
In his essay collections and dialogues with political, cultural, and educational figures he discusses, among other topics: the transformative value of religion, the universal sanctity of life, social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.
In the Philippines, DVD sets of 17 of the animated stories were donated by Anak TV to a large school, as part of a nationwide literacy effort.
Its book publication in English includes a foreword by British philosopher and historian Arnold J. Toynbee and has been translated into English, Chinese, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Korean and Dutch editions.
He was previously the First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008, Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008, and President of the Corrèze General Council from 2008 to 2012.
Hollande also served in the National Assembly of France twice for the department of Corrèze's 1st constituency from 1988 to 1993, and again from 1997 to 2012.
Born in Rouen and raised in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hollande began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President François Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman.
He became a member of the National Assembly in 1988 and was elected First Secretary of the Socialist Party in 1997.
Following the 2004 regional elections won by the Socialists, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but resigned as First Secretary and was immediately elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as President of the General Council of Corrèze in 2008.
In 2011, Hollande announced that he would be a candidate in the primary election to select the Socialist Party presidential nominee; he won the nomination and was elected President of France on 6 May 2012 during the second round of voting with 51.6% of the vote against incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy.
344, reformed labour laws and credit training programmes, withdrew French combat troops present in the Afghanistan military intervention and concluded a EU directive through a Franco-German contract.
He also sent troops to Mali and the Central African Republic with the approval of the UN Security Council in order to stabilise those countries, two operations largely seen as successful.
Under his term, France also became the most toured country in the world, and known as a nation of open markets, regulatory efficiency, rule of law and limited governmental intervention.
Paris hosted the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference and Hollande's efforts to attract the 2024 Summer Olympics to the city were successful.
Notwithstanding, with unemployment up to 10% and domestic troubles over his tenure due to terrorism, he faced spikes and downturns in approval rates, ultimately making him the most unpopular French President under the Fifth Republic.
On 1 December 2016, he announced he would not seek re-election in the 2017 French presidential election, for which polls announced his defeat in the first round.
He attended Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-la-Salle boarding school, a private Catholic school in Rouen, the Lycée Pasteur, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, receiving his baccalaureate in 1972 then graduated with a bachelor's degree in Law from Panthéon-Assas University.
Hollande studied at HEC Paris, graduated in 1975, and then attended the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the École nationale d'administration (ENA).
Five years after volunteering as a student to work for François Mitterrand's ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the 1974 presidential election, Hollande joined the Socialist Party.
He was quickly spotted by Jacques Attali, a senior adviser to Mitterrand, who arranged for Hollande to run in legislative election of 1981 in Corrèze against future President Jacques Chirac, who was then the leader of the Rally for the Republic, a Neo-Gaullist party.
He went on to become a special advisor to newly elected President Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman.
After becoming a municipal councillor for Ussel in 1983, he contested Corrèze for a second time in 1988, this time being elected to the National Assembly.
As the end of Mitterrand's term in office approached, the Socialist Party was torn by a struggle of internal factions, each seeking to influence the direction of the party.
Hollande pleaded for reconciliation and for the party to unite behind Jacques Delors, the President of the European Commission, but Delors renounced his ambitions to run for the French presidency in 1995.
That same year, Jospin became the Prime Minister of France, and Hollande won the election for his successor as First Secretary of the party, a position he would hold for eleven years.
Hollande would go on to be elected mayor of Tulle in 2001, an office he would hold for the next seven years.
The immediate resignation of Jospin from politics following his shock defeat by far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen in the first round of the 2002 presidential election forced Hollande to become the public face of the party for the 2002 legislative election.
In order to prepare for the 2003 party congress in Dijon, he obtained the support of many notable personalities of the party and was re-elected first secretary against opposition from left-wing factions.
Although Hollande was re-elected as first secretary at the Le Mans Congress in 2005, his authority over the party began to decline.
Eventually his domestic partner, Ségolène Royal, was chosen to represent the party in the 2007 presidential election, where she would lose to Nicolas Sarkozy.
Hollande was widely blamed for the poor performances of the Socialist Party in the 2007 elections, and he announced that he would not seek another term as First Secretary.
Hollande publicly declared his support for Bertrand Delanoë, the mayor of Paris, but it was Martine Aubry who would go on to win the race to succeed him in 2008.
Hollande was next elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as the president of the General Council of Corrèze in April 2008, and won re-election in 2011.
Hollande announced in early 2011 that he would be a candidate in the upcoming primary election to select the Socialist and Radical Left Party presidential nominee.
The primary marked the first time that both parties had held an open primary to select a joint nominee at the same time.
Following Strauss-Kahn's arrest on suspicion of sexual assault in New York City in May 2011, Hollande began to lead the opinion polls, and his position as front-runner was established just as Strauss-Kahn declared that he would no longer seek the nomination.
After a series of televised debates with other candidates throughout September, Hollande topped the ballot in the first round held on 9 October with 39% of the vote.
He did not, however, gain the 50% required to avoid a run-off election, and was obliged to enter a second ballot against Martine Aubry, who had come in second with 30% of the vote.
Hollande won with 56% of the vote to Aubry's 43% and thus became the official Socialist and Radical Left Party candidate for the 2012 presidential election.
All his main opponents in the primary – Aubry, Ségolène Royal, Arnaud Montebourg, and Manuel Valls – pledged their support to him for the general election.
Hollande's presidential campaign was managed by Pierre Moscovici and Stéphane Le Foll, a member of Parliament and Member of the European Parliament respectively.
Hollande launched his campaign officially with a rally and major speech at Le Bourget on 22 January 2012 in front of 25,000 people.
The main themes of his speech were equality and the regulation of finance, both of which he promised to make a key part of his campaign.
Opinion polls showed a tight race between the two men in the first round of voting, with most polls showing Hollande comfortably ahead of Sarkozy in a hypothetical second round.
He also appointed Benoît Puga to be the military's chief of staff, Pierre-René Lemas as his general secretary and Pierre Besnard as his Head of Cabinet.
The first measure enacted by the new government was to lower the salaries of the President, the Prime Minister, and other members of the government by 30%.
Hollande also signalled his intent to implement a 75% income tax rate on revenue earned above 1,000,000 euros per year, to generate the provision of development funds for deprived suburbs, and to return to a deficit of zero percent of GDP by 2017.
The tax plan proved controversial, with courts ruling it unconstitutional in 2012, only to then take the opposite position on a redrafted version in 2013.
Hollande had also announced several reforms to education, pledging to recruit 60,000 new teachers, to create a study allowance and means-tested training, and to set up a mutually beneficial contract that would allow a generation of experienced employees and craftsmen to be the guardians and teachers of younger newly hired employees, thereby creating a total of 150,000 subsidized jobs.
This was complemented by the promise of aid to SMEs, with the creation of a public bank investment-oriented SME's, and a reduction of the corporate tax rate to 30% for medium corporations and 15% for small.
Hollande's government has announced plans to construct 500,000 public homes per year, including 150,000 social houses, funded by a doubling of the ceiling of the A passbook, the region making available its local government land within five years.
In accordance with long-standing Socialist Party policy, Hollande has announced that the retirement age will revert to 60, for those who have contributed for more than 41 years.
Hollande has also announced his personal support for same-sex marriage and adoption for LGBT couples, and outlined plans to pursue the issue in early 2013.
On 23 April, the National Assembly approved the amended bill, in a 331–225 vote, and following approval of the law by the Constitutional Council of France, it was signed into law by President Hollande on 18 May 2013, with the first same-sex weddings under the law taking place eleven days later.
One of the main measures of the bill allows companies to temporarily cut workers' salaries or hours during times of economic difficulty.
This measure takes its inspiration from Germany, where furloughs have been credited with allowing companies to weather difficult times without resorting to massive layoffs.
Many companies cite the threat of lengthy court action – even more than any financial cost – as the most difficult part of doing business in France.
The law shortens the time that employees have to contest a layoff and also lays out a scheme for severance pay.
Another key measure introduced are credits for training that follow employees throughout their career, regardless of where they work, and the right to take a leave of absence to work at another company.
Lastly, the law also reforms unemployment insurance, so that someone out of work doesn't risk foregoing significant benefits when taking a job that might pay less than previous work or end up only being temporary.
Under the new law, workers will be able to essentially put benefits on hold when they take temporary work, instead of seeing their benefits recalculated each time.
Despite the opposition, the French Parliament did pass a reform in December 2013 aimed at plugging a pension deficit expected to reach 20.7 billion euros ($28.4 billion) by 2020 if nothing were to be done.
Rather than raising the mandatory retirement age, as many economists had advised, Hollande pursued increases in contributions, leaving the retirement age untouched.
The reform had a rough ride in parliament, being rejected twice by the Senate, where Hollande's Socialist Party has a slim majority, before it won sufficient backing in a final vote before the lower house of parliament.
French private sector workers will see the size and duration of their pension contributions increase only modestly under the reform while their retirement benefits are largely untouched.
He also pledged to conclude a new contract of Franco-German partnership, advocating the adoption of a Directive on the protection of public services.
On 11 January 2013, Hollande authorised the execution of Operation Serval, which aimed to curtail the activities of Islamist extremists in the north of Mali.
In 2014, Hollande took some of these troops out of Mali and spread them over the rest of the Sahel under Operation Barkhane, in an effort to curb jihadist militants.
On 27 February 2014, Hollande was a special guest of honor in Abuja, received by Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in celebration of Nigeria's amalgamation in 1914, a 100-year anniversary.
In 2014, French bank BNP Paribas agreed to pay an $8.9 billion fine, the largest ever for violating U.S. sanctions against Iran at that time.
An IFOP poll released in April 2014 showed that Hollande's approval rating had dropped five points since the previous month of March to 18%, dipping below his earlier low of 20% in February during the same year.
In September 2014, his approval rating was down to 13% according to an IFOP/JDD survey, making him the first French leader in modern times to ever break the 20% threshold.
One year before the end of his mandate, in April 2016, his approval rating was at 14%, and surveys predicted that if he were to run for a second term, he would be defeated in the first round of the 2017 presidential elections.
For over thirty years, his partner was fellow Socialist politician Ségolène Royal, with whom he has four children: Thomas (1984), Clémence (1985), Julien (1987) and Flora (1992).
In June 2007, just a month after Royal's defeat in the French presidential election of 2007, the couple announced that they were separating.
A few months after his split from Ségolène Royal was announced, a French website published details of a relationship between Hollande and French journalist Valérie Trierweiler.
The claim brought an angry reaction and rejection from Hollande, who said he had spent his life dedicated to the under-privileged.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
Filgrastim is also used to increase the number of hematopoietic stem cells in the blood before collection by leukapheresis for use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
The most commonly observed adverse effect is mild bone pain after repeated administration, and local skin reactions at the site of injection.
Other observed adverse effects include serious allergic reactions (including a rash over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, dizziness, swelling around the mouth or eyes, fast pulse, and sweating), ruptured spleen (sometimes resulting in death), alveolar hemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hemoptysis.
Severe sickle cell crises, in some cases resulting in death, have been associated with the use of filgrastim in patients with sickle cell disorders.
Increased hematopoietic activity of the bone marrow in response to growth factor therapy has been associated with transient positive bone imaging changes; this should be considered when interpreting bone-imaging results.
G-CSF regulates the production of neutrophils within the bone marrow; endogenous G-CSF is a glycoprotein produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
G-CSF is a colony stimulating factor which has been shown to have minimal direct in vivo or in vitro effects on the production of other haematopoietic cell types.
In 2015, Sandoz's filgrastim-sndz (trade name Zarxio), obtained the approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biosimilar.
This was the first product to be passed under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI Act), as part of the Affordable Care Act.
The FDA said its approval of Zarxio is based on review of evidence that included structural and functional characterization, animal study data, human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data, clinical immunogenicity data and other clinical safety and effectiveness data that demonstrates Zarxio is biosimilar to Neupogen.
Desmond Dillon Paul Morton (September 10, 1937 – September 4, 2019) was a Canadian historian who specialized in the history of the Canadian military, as well as the history of Canadian political and industrial relations.
Born in Calgary, Alberta, Morton was the son of a Brigadier General, and the grandson of General Sir William Dillon Otter.
He was a graduate of the Collège militaire royal de St-Jean, the Royal Military College of Canada, a Rhodes Scholar, Keble College, Oxford, and the London School of Economics.
Morton was the Hiram Mills Professor of History at McGill University, as well as the past director of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, in Montreal, Quebec.
In the 1970s he worked with David Lewis, Stephen Lewis, and other party leaders to oppose The Waffle, a left-wing faction within the NDP.
Morton's widow Gael Eakin, to whom he was married for 20 years, announced that he died on September 4, 2019, six days short of his 82nd birthday.
Morton was the Founding Director of the Montreal-based McGill Institute for the Study of Canada which was established in 1994 with the support of McGill University and the Bronfman family.
To generate a member of the sequence from the previous member, read off the digits of the previous member, counting the number of digits in groups of the same digit.
No digits other than 1, 2, and 3 appear in the sequence, unless the seed number contains such a digit or a run of more than three of the same digit.
There are 92 elements containing the digits 1, 2, and 3 only, which John Conway named after the chemical elements up to uranium, calling the sequence audioactive.
In his original article, Conway gives an incorrect value for this polynomial, writing − instead of + in front of formula_4.
Other versions of the pea pattern are also possible; for example, instead of reading the digits as they first appear, one could read them in ascending order instead.
For these maximum bounded cases, individual elements of the sequence take the form a0b1c2d3e4f5g6h7i8j9 for decimal where the letters here are placeholders for the digit counts from the preceding element of the sequence.
Ségolène Royal (; born 22 September 1953), is a French politician and former Socialist Party candidate for President of the French Republic.
She won the 2006 Socialist Party primary, becoming the first woman in France to be nominated as a presidential candidate by a major party.
In the subsequent 2007 presidential election, she earned further distinction as the first woman to qualify for the second round of a presidential election, but ultimately lost to Nicolas Sarkozy.
In 2008, Royal narrowly lost to Martine Aubry in the Socialist Party's election for First Secretary at the Party's twenty-second national congress.
She lost the Socialist Party presidential primary in 2011, and failed in an attempt to win a seat in the National Assembly in the June 2012 parliamentary elections.
Ségolène Royal was born on 22 September 1953 in the military base of Ouakam, Dakar, French West Africa (now Senegal), the daughter of Hélène Dehaye and Jacques Royal, a former artillery officer and aide to the mayor of Chamagne (Vosges).
After secondary school in the small town of Melle, Deux-Sèvres, Marie-Ségolène attended a local university where she graduated 2nd in her class with a degree in Economics.
In 1972, at the age of 19, Royal sued her father because he refused to divorce her mother and pay alimony and child support to finance the children's education.
She was in the same class as her former partner of 30 years, François Hollande, as well as Dominique de Villepin (prime minister under Jacques Chirac).
On 28 March 2004, she obtained 55% in the second round in the regional election in Poitou-Charentes, notably defeating Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin's protégée, Élisabeth Morin, in his home region.
She kept her National Assembly seat until June 2007, when she chose not to run in the legislative election, in agreement with one of her presidential campaign's promises.
She organised a run-off between two contenders; the winner, Delphine Batho, went on to win the district for her and Royal's party.
The government backed down and stated that the law would be put on the statute book, but that it would not be applied.
Until that time, she had not been thought a likely candidate as she had stayed out of the Socialist Party's power struggles.
She has said that only widespread sexism in the Socialist Party had prevented it from rallying around her candidacy as it would have had she been a man.
At this point, polls showed her to be much more popular than her closest competitor, former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin, and other Socialist heavyweights Dominique Strauss-Kahn, Jack Lang, another former Prime Minister Laurent Fabius and François Hollande.
Her status as a presidential candidate became more likely on 28 September 2006, when Lionel Jospin, the Socialist former Prime Minister and a fixture in French politics for nearly three decades, announced that he would not run after all.
On 16 November, Royal defeated Laurent Fabius and Dominique Strauss-Kahn in the French Socialist Party primary, becoming the party's candidate for the 2007 presidential election.
One of her top advisors, Éric Besson, resigned soon afterwards over a disagreement about the costs of this programme, which he believes could reach €35 billion, while others in the campaign team wanted to delay bringing out that figure.
In it, Besson accuses Royal of being a populist, an authoritarian and a luddite and says that he will not vote for her and hopes that she is not elected.
He then went on to join the Sarkozy campaign and was rewarded with a junior position in the next government on 18 May 2007.
Following the first round of the presidential election, she faced Nicolas Sarkozy in the second round of voting on 6 May in a two-way runoff.
Royal entered the leadership election of the Socialist Party to replace her former common law husband François Hollande as head of the party.
She garnered the largest plurality of votes in the first round of voting, but not enough to win outright; she was eventually narrowly defeated in the second round by rival Martine Aubry by the margin of 42 votes.
She arrived 4th in the first round on 9 October 2011 with a mere 6.95% of votes, considerably below the figures suggested by opinion polls.
In the 2008 Socialist Party leadership election, Hollande backed another candidate, and Royal has blamed him and the party establishment for her 2007 Presidential defeat.
On 2 April 2014 Royal was appointed Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Manuel Valls, In January 2015 she was third in line in governmental rank, after the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
When Pope Francis touched down on French soil for the first time in his papacy with a visit to the European Parliament in Strasbourg in November 2014, Royal was the senior French official there to greet him.
After the deadly attacks against a satirical newspaper and a kosher supermarket in January 2015, she traveled to Israel to represent France at the memorial services.
When Emmanuel Macron was elected French President in May 2017, Royal hoped to be offered a position in his government but instead was offered the position of Ambassador for the Poles which she accepted in June 2017.
Royal stated as part of her 100-point platform that if elected, she would raise the lowest state pensions by five percent, increase the monthly minimum wage to €1,500, raise benefits of handicapped citizens, implement state-paid rental deposits for the poorest citizens, and guarantee a job or job training to every student within six months of graduation.
She did not directly address whether additional taxes would need to be raised to fund these programs, stating that they can be paid for by cutting waste in government.
In January 2006, she criticised secondary school teachers (workers of state public service) who give private lessons outside school hours, saying that they should spend more time in school.
When a bootleg video of the speech surfaced on the Internet in November 2006, the teachers' union SNES rebuffed her, requesting that she renounce her proposal.
A law passed in February 2002, introduced by Royal on behalf of the Jospin government, allows some parental authority to be granted to same-sex partners.
The law amended Article 377 of the Civil Code in allowing a parent to ask a judge to share his/her parental authority with a partner.
According to her 2007 campaign website, Royal has advocated a policy of more humane prisons and supports creating better conditions inside penal institutions.
She initially took a very hard line in a televised debate, contending that any nuclear power programme in Iran must be prevented since it would inevitably lead to weapons production.
When she was criticised by French politicians for not understanding the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty – which gives signatories the right to nuclear power for non-military purposes – Royal softened her position and, through a spokesman, said that a civil nuclear program should be allowed as long as UN inspectors were permitted to conduct spot checks.
From December 2006 Royal began travelling abroad extensively to enhance her international profile and credibility, but her efforts were set back by a series of blunders, which her political opponents at UMP were quick to jump on.
She was immediately reminded by her opponents at home that the Chinese system orders 10,000 executions each year, and that defence lawyers there must be authorised by the Communist Party.
She however brought up with her hosts the fate of three Chinese journalists recently imprisoned, and criticised the meekness of French entrepreneurs in tackling new markets such as China.
Royal was criticised by French and international media by what was called 'mangling the French language' in a soundbite delivered on the Great Wall of China.
In January 2007, during a meeting with Quebec opposition leader and Parti Québécois head André Boisclair, she declared her support for the Quebec sovereignty movement in its aim to secede from Canada.
On 5 April 2007, when commenting on the kidnapping of two Frenchmen by the Taliban in Afghanistan, Royal called for sanctions to be imposed by the United Nations against regimes like the Taliban.
This comment was widely interpreted as indicating that Royal did not understand that the Taliban no longer formed the Afghan government and that she was clueless on international matters.
Royal's eldest son, Thomas Hollande, served as an adviser to her during her presidential candidacy, working on a website designed to appeal to young voters.
Royal's cousin Anne-Christine Royal followed the paternal side of the family and has been a candidate of the far-right Front National party at a local election in Bordeaux.
Prefects are appointed by a decree of the President of the Republic in the Council of Ministers, following the proposal of the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior.
The exact role and attributions are defined in decrees, most notably decrees of 1964, 1982, 2004, each replacing the preceding one.
The prohibition on smoking or leaving the motor running while filling the fuel tank of a motor vehicle is another example of a matter typically decided by a prefectoral administrative order.
This was especially true during the First and Second Empires, when even the most trivial local matter had to be referred to the prefect.
Since 1982, local government has been progressively decentralized, and the prefect's role has largely been limited to preventing local policies from conflicting with national policy.
Sydney Biddle Barrows (born January 14, 1952) is an American businesswoman who became known as an escort agency owner under the name Sheila Devin; she later became known as the Mayflower Madam.
Her father is Donald Byers Barrows, Jr. (born 1926) of Rumson, N.J, and her mother is Jeannette Ballantine, who is now married to Felix Molzer, a musician and director of the Monmouth Arts Center in New Jersey.
She was introduced to the world of high-class prostitution and started her own escort service named Cachet, which existed in New York City from 1979 to 1984.
In October 1984, Cachet escort service was shut down, Barrows was arrested, and the Manhattan District Attorney's Office charged her with promoting prostitution.
When arrested at her home office on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Barrows identified herself as Sheila Devin; one report describes her as the CEO.
During his 40-year career, Haas bridged the gap between photojournalism and the use of photography as a medium for expression and creativity.
In addition to his coverage of events around the globe after World War II, Haas was an early innovator in color photography.
As a painter, he had particular interest in an artwork's formal qualities, and developed a refined sense of composition and perspective.
From 1935 to 1938, Haas attended LEH Grinzing, a private school in Vienna, where he studied art, literature, poetry, philosophy, and science.
Haas was sent to a German army labor camp, working six hours a day in exchange for two daily hours of school attendance.
Haas was only able to complete one year of medical school before he was forced out as a result of his Jewish ancestry.
Unsure of his career path, Haas realized that photography could provide both a means of support and a vehicle for communicating his ideas.
He obtained his first camera in 1946, at the age of 25, trading a 20-pound block of margarine for a Rolleiflex on the Vienna black market.
In 1947 Haas presented his first exhibition at the American Red Cross in Vienna, where he had a part-time position teaching photography to soldiers.
Influenced by Bischof's work, Haas began to consider how an image could simultaneously tell a story and function as an autonomous work of art.
In 1947, while scouting locations for a fashion shoot, Haas and Morath witnessed prisoners of war disembarking a train and began documenting their arrival.
Upon reviewing his work, Capa invited Haas to travel to Paris and join the international photographic cooperative Magnum Photos, then two years old.
With this position, Haas was able to obtain the proper documentation, and he arrived in New York in May of that year.
By the time of Haas's arrival, the streets of New York had already become a popular subject for photographers who sought to document all aspects of life.
In 1952 Haas hitchhiked across the United States to White Sands National Monument in New Mexico, planning to photograph Native Americans.
According to writer (and early Magnum employee) Inge Bondi, Haas’ Western chronicle was the first major story he created based on his own instinct and at his own financial risk.
He had experimented with color as early as 1949, but this would be his first opportunity to work with what was still a scarce and expensive medium.
Though Haas continued to use black-and-white film for much of his career, color film and visual experimentalism became integral to his photography.
Beyond the physical place, person, or object he depicted, Haas hoped to reflect the joy of looking and of human experience.
While on such assignments, he would make his own photographs, translating his passion for poetry, music, painting, and adventure into color imagery.
His reputation on the rise, Haas traveled the world, photographing the U.S., Europe, South Africa, and Southeast Asia in expressionistic color.
In the late 1940s, Haas switched from his medium format Rolleiflex to the smaller 35mm Leica rangefinder camera, which he used consistently for the rest of his career.
An expensive, complex process most frequently used at the time for advertising, dye transfer allowed for great control over color hue and saturation.
Despite this progress, many photographers, curators, and historians were initially reluctant to consider color photography as art, given the technology's commercial origins.
It was realized by Steichen’s successor John Szarkowski, and consisted of about 80 prints including Haas’s motion studies and color essays.
In addition to editorial journalism and unit stills work, Haas was also highly regarded for advertising photography, contributing groundbreaking campaigns for Volkswagen automobiles and Marlboro cigarettes, among other clients.
The book was produced in multiple editions in numerous languages through 1988, selling over 350,000 copies to become one of the best-selling photography books of all time.
He also began work on a book devoted to Japan and a project illustrating the poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke, whose writings inspired him throughout his life.
Throughout the series, Haas demonstrated what makes a successful photograph, illustrating how images can be transformed by the slightest variations of technique, perspective, or choice of tools and materials.
Haas also taught frequently at photography workshops, including the Maine Photographic Workshops, the Ansel Adams Workshop in Yosemite National Park, and the Anderson Ranch Arts Center near Aspen, Colorado.
Six years before his death, he met Takiko Kawai, who he credited with introducing him to the culture and traditions of Japan.
In the early 1970s Haas became interested in creating audiovisual slideshows—long sequences of projected imagery with accompanying soundtracks, dissolving from one image into the next.
After suffering a stroke in December 1985, Haas concentrated on layouts for two books he wanted to publish, one featuring his black and white photographs, the other his color.
At the time of his death from a stroke on September 12, 1986, he had been preparing to write his autobiography.
A number of awards have been created in Haas's honor, including the Ernst Haas Award for Creative Photography by the American Society of Media Photographers (ASMP); and the Ernst Haas Photographers Grant, funded by Kodak, at the Maine Photographic Workshops.
In 1998 the Ernst Haas Studio archive was sent to London to be housed at the Hulton Getty Picture Library as part of a licensing agreement with Getty Images.
An askari (from Swahili: Askari, means: soldier, or military) was a local soldier serving in the armies of the European colonial powers in Africa, particularly in the African Great Lakes, Northeast Africa and Central Africa.
During the period of the European colonial empires in Africa, locally recruited soldiers were employed by Italian, British, Portuguese, German and Belgian colonial armies.
They played a crucial role in the conquest of the various colonial possessions, and subsequently served as garrison and internal security forces.
During both World Wars, askari units also served outside their colonies of origin, in various parts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia.
From 1895 the British askaris were organised into a regular, disciplined and uniformed force called the East African Rifles, later forming part of the multi-battalion King's African Rifles.
They were harshly disciplined but well paid (on a scale twice that of their British counterparts in the King's African Rifles), and highly trained by German cadres who were themselves subject to a rigorous selection process.
They were successfully used in German East Africa where 11,000 askaris, porters and their European officers, commanded by Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, managed to resist numerically superior British, Portuguese and Belgian colonial forces until the end of World War I in 1918.
Due to interruptions during the worldwide depression and World War II, the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) voted in 1964 to fund the back pay of the askaris still alive.
The West German embassy at Dar es Salaam identified approximately 350 ex-askaris and set up a temporary cashiers office at Mwanza on Lake Victoria.
Only a few claimants could produce the certificates given to them in 1918; others provided pieces of their old uniforms as proof of service.
The banker who had brought the money came up with an idea: each claimant was handed a broom and ordered in German to perform the manual of arms.
The Italian army in Italian East Africa recruited Eritrean and subsequently Somali troops to serve with Italian officers and some NCOs.
Many of the Askaris in Eritrea were drawn from local Nilotic populations, including Hamid Idris Awate, who reputedly had some Nara ancestry.
Of these troops, the first Eritrean battalions were raised in 1888 from Muslim and Christian volunteers, replacing an earlier Basci-Buruk corps of irregulars.
Expanded to eight battalions, the Eritrean ascaris fought with distinction at Serobeti, Agordat, Kassala, Coatit and Adwa and subsequently served in Libya and Ethiopia.
Out of a total of 256,000 Italian troops serving in Italian East Africa in 1940, about 182,000 were recruited from Eritrea, Somalia and the recently occupied (1935–36) Ethiopia.
Eritrean regiments in Italian service wore high red fezzes with coloured tufts and waist sashes that varied according to each unit.
As examples, the 17th Eritrean Battalion had black and white tufts and vertically striped sashes; while the 64th Eritrean Battalion wore both of these items in scarlet and purple.
Guards were to receive $1,000 monthly salary and an $80,000 bonus if shot, but many have complained that the money was not paid or unfair fees assessed.
The guards work for recruiting agencies such as Askar Security Services, which are hired by Beowulf International, a receiving company in Iraq, which subcontracts their services to EOD Technologies, an American company hired by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide security guards for Camp Victory in Baghdad.
The Mentawai Islands Regency are a chain of about seventy islands and islets approximately off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
They cover 6,011.35 sq and had a population of 76,173 at the 2010 Census and 85,156 at the 2015 Census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 93,070.
Throughout the Mentawai Islands, you can expect rugged untouched tropical wilderness and an extensive range of waves for surfers scattered along the reefs that surround the many islands.
While the fringe seasons can be hit or miss with swells, however, provides fewer crowds in the water and smaller surf for less capable surfers.
The islands have been separated from Sumatra since the mid-Pleistocene period, which has allowed at least twenty endemic species to develop amongst its flora and fauna.
In 1833, the region was hit with an earthquake, possibly similar in size to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake; another large earthquake struck in 1797.
On October 25, 2010, an earthquake in southern Sumatra led to a deadly tsunami that devastated villages in South and North Pagai.
On March 3, 2016, an earthquake of 7.8 magnitude occurred off the Indian Ocean, a few hundred kilometres from Mentawai islands, as a result of strike-slip faulting within the oceanic lithosphere of the Indo-Australia plate.
He served as Director-General of the BBC between July 1982 and January 1987, when he was forced to resign from his post by the BBC Governors following several difficult years for the Corporation, which included sustained pressure from the Thatcher government about editorial decisions which had proved controversial.
He was taken under the wing of Grace Wyndham Goldie who recruited, trained, guided and encouraged many well-known BBC broadcasters and current affairs executives.
Landmark broadcasting events during his time as Director-General included Live Aid, the massive music event precipitated by a BBC news report on famine in Africa.
On top of this, Milne had to defend the existence of the BBC to the Peacock Committee, which was considering the future of the BBC.
In an unprecedented step, Hussey convinced the Board of Governors that a change of direction was needed, and they forced Milne's resignation.
In computer science, graph reduction implements an efficient version of non-strict evaluation, an evaluation strategy where the arguments to a function are not immediately evaluated.
When represented as a tree, we can think of innermost reduction as working from the bottom up, while outermost works from the top down.
The concept of a graph reduction that allows evaluated values to be shared was first developed by Chris Wadsworth in his 1971 Ph.D. dissertation.
It is a consortium of state cricket associations and the state associations select their representatives who in turn elect the BCCI Chief.
In 1926, two representatives of the Calcutta Cricket Club travelled to London to attend meetings of the Imperial Cricket Conference, the predecessor to the current International Cricket Council.
Although technically not an official representative of Indian cricket, they were allowed to attend by Lord Harris, chairman of the conference.
The outcome of the meeting was the MCC's decision to send a team to India, led by Arthur Gilligan, who had captained England in The Ashes.
In a meeting with the Maharaja of Patiala and others, Gilligan promised to press for its inclusion in the ICC if all the promoters of the game in the land came together to establish a single controlling body.
An assurance was given and a meeting held in Delhi on 21 November 1927 and was attended by delegates from Patiala, Delhi, United Provinces, Rajputana, Alwar, Bhopal, Gwalior, Baroda, Kathiawar, Central Provinces, Sindh and Punjab.
A consensus was reached to create a board for control of cricket in India and on 10 December 1927, a unanimous decision to form a provisional board of control was taken.
With the surge of cricket in India, BCCI has become rather notorious for its monopoly and has suffered from corruption allegations.
The Supreme Court on 30 January 2017 nominated a four-member panel Committee of Administrators (Vinod Rai, Ramachandra Guha, Vikaram Limaye and Diana Edulji) to look after the administration of the BCCI in order to implement Lodha Committee reforms.
Vinod Rai, ex-CAG of India heads the four members panel to look after the administrative duties of the board until the fresh elections are called.
The media rights for 25 neutral venue one-day matches to be played over the next 5 years were awarded to Zee Telefilms for $219.16 million.
Although the Income Tax Department withdrew this exemption in 2007-08, BCCI only paid tax amounting to against its tax liability of in the 2009-10 financial year On 12 September 2006 BCCI, announced that it will spend 1,600 crore over the subsequent one year to upgrade the cricket stadiums around the country.
The totale amount of tax 462.22 crore, which was outstanding as on April 1, 2018, was cleared along with interest in September 2018 but The Department of Revenue has issued a notice for tax evasion to the BCCI.
The Department of Revenue has asked the BCCI to pay another outstanding income tax worth Rs 1,303 crore, according to details submitted by the Finance Ministry in Parliament in February, 2019.
Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck (20 March 1870 – 9 March 1964), also called the Lion of Africa (), was a general in the German Army and the commander of its forces in the German East Africa campaign.
For four years, with a force of about 14,000 (3,000 Germans and 11,000 Africans), he held in check a much larger force of 300,000 British, Indian, Belgian, and Portuguese troops.
Essentially undefeated in the field, Lettow-Vorbeck was the only German commander to successfully invade imperial British soil during the First World War.
Lettow-Vorbeck's tactics led to a famine that killed thousands of Africans and weakened the population, leaving it vulnerable to the influenza epidemic in 1919.
Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck was born into the Pomeranian minor nobility, while his father was stationed as an army officer at Saarlouis in the Prussian Rhine Province.
He did not participate in the subsequent genocide: having suffered injuries to his left eye and chest, he was evacuated to South Africa for treatment and recovery.
Before he could assume this command, however, his orders were changed and he was posted — with effect from 13 April 1914 — to German East Africa (Tanganyika, the mainland territory of present-day Tanzania).
While travelling to his new assignment, Lettow-Vorbeck formed what would prove to be a lifelong friendship with Danish author Karen Blixen (also known by her pen name of Isak Dinesen), who was travelling aboard the same liner.
Lettow-Vorbeck's plan for the war was relatively simple: knowing that East Africa would only be a sideshow to other theatres of war, he was determined to tie down as many British troops as he could.
He intended to keep them away from the Western Front, and in this way to contribute to the German war effort.
In August 1914 Lettow-Vorbeck was the commander of a military garrison of 2,600 German nationals and 2,472 African soldiers in fourteen Askari field companies.
Feeling the need to seize the initiative he disregarded orders from Berlin and the colony's Governor, Heinrich Schnee, who had attempted to achieve neutrality for German East Africa.
The attack began on November 2nd, 1914, and for the next four days the German forces fought the Battle of Tanga.
In 1915, he gained the men and artillery of the German cruiser which had been scuttled in the Rufiji River delta.
The cruiser had a capable crew under commander Max Looff, and its artillery pieces, converted to land use, became the largest standard guns used in the East African Theatre.
In March 1916 British forces under General J. C. Smuts and the Belgians under Charles Tombeur launched an offensive with 45,000 men near Tabora.
Continuing his resistance, Lettow-Vorbeck fought a crucial battle at Mahiwa in October 1917, where he inflicted 2,700 casualties on the British.
On its first day across the river, the column attacked the newly replenished Portuguese garrison of Ngomano and solved its supply problems for the foreseeable future.
The subsequent capture of a river steamer with a load of medical supplies, including quinine, satisfied some of its medical needs as well.
For almost a year Lettow-Vorbeck's men had lived off whatever was available, mainly provisions captured from the British and Portuguese; they had replaced their old rifles with new equipment and acquired machine guns and mortars after capturing Namakura (Nhamacurra in modern Mozambique) in July 1918.
On September 28th, 1918, Lettow-Vorbeck again crossed the Ruvuma River and returned to German East Africa, with the British still in pursuit.
On November 13th, 1918, two days after the armistice, he took the town of Kasama, which the British had evacuated, and continued heading south-west towards Katanga.
When he reached the Chambeshi River on the morning of November 14th, the British magistrate Hector Croad appeared under a white flag and delivered a message from the allied General Jacob van Deventer, informing Lettow-Vorbeck of the armistice.
He was instructed by the British to march north to Abercorn (now Mbala) to surrender his army, arriving there on 25 November.
The remains of his army at the time consisted of thirty German officers, 125 German non-commissioned officers and other enlisted ranks, 1,168 Askaris, and some 3,500 porters.
The war in East Africa set off a chain of events with devastating results for the natives and their German overlords.
He had thus established food depots along his intended line of march from Neu Moshi to the Uluguru Mountains, writing off famine in neighboring villages as a misfortune of war.
Scarcely any aid from Germany could penetrate the British naval blockade to alleviate the enormous supply deficiencies in the area, and only two ships succeeded in running the blockade and reaching the colony.
The zeppelin, LZ 104 (L 59), intended also as a morale-booster to the beleaguered East African troops, was designed to be dismembered on arrival and all its parts cannibalised as spares for the troops - the canvas of its hull used for tents, for example.
The airship reached the Sudan, in a single uninterrupted flight from Bulgaria, where it received a message from the German Admiralty that its planned landing area in East Africa was no longer in Lettow-Vorbeck’s hands.
The British later claimed the about-turn was a result of a fake radio message sent in German by British intelligence in Cairo stating that Lettow-Vorbeck had surrendered, but this has never been proven.
By late September of 1916, all of coastal German East Africa, including Dar es Salaam and the Central Railway, was under British control.
Lettow-Vorbeck and his caravan of Europeans, Askaris, porters, women, and children marched on, deliberately bypassing the tribal homelands of the native soldiers in an effort to prevent desertions.
When the end of the campaign eventually came, Smuts was in London and General J. L. van Deventer commanded East Africa.
In a review of the work on Lettow-Vorbeck by Uwe Schulte-Varendorff, historian Eckard Michels opines that Schulte-Varendorff convincingly demonstrates that the East African war, which cost the lives of a staggering 700,000 people, was by no means chivalric.
Rather, it was a humanitarian catastrophe for the native population, with Africans only supporting the German war effort due to the duress they were under.
Michels concedes, though, that many Askaris truly had some loyalty to the Germans if considering the fact the majority of them did not desert.
Eckard Michels also claims that Lettow-Vorbeck did not seek publicity out of opportunism or greed, morphing into a public figure because of the society at the time's desire for a reminder of times gone by.
The historian Michael von Herff says the loyalty of Askaris during the campaign had little to do with Von Lettow's character or his 'brand of discipline', but was due to them having formed a military caste within the colonial structure, which had largely separated itself from its members' tribal roots.
One of Lettow-Vorbeck's junior officers, Theodor von Hippel, used his experiences in Africa to form the Brandenburgers, the commando unit of the Abwehr intelligence agency in the Second World War.
Lettow-Vorbeck then lost his commission in the army in the summer of 1920 following the Kapp Putsch then working in Bremen as an import-export manager.
In June of 1926, Lettow-Vorbeck met Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen in Bremen, the British Intelligence officer with whom he had fought a battle of wits until December 1916, when Meinertzhagen was invalided.
Between May 1928 and July 1930, Lettow-Vorbeck served as a Reichstag deputy for the monarchist German National People's Party, which he left in 1930, after Alfred Hugenberg became the party leader.
Lettow-Vorbeck then joined the Conservative People's Party and ran for it in the election of 1930, where he gained the best result of the party in his electoral district of Upper Bavaria, but was not re-elected.
Thanks to his status among the German population, he was promoted to the rank of General for Special Purposes in 1938, at the age of 68, but was never recalled to active service.
His house in Bremen had been destroyed by Allied bombs, and he depended for a time on food packages from his friends Meinertzhagen and Smuts.
Of the 350 former soldiers who gathered, only a handful could produce the certificates that Lettow-Vorbeck had given them in 1918.
The German banker who had brought the money then had an idea: each claimant was asked to step forward, was handed a broom, and was ordered in German to perform the manual of arms.
The general magnanimously gives him a compass so Indiana can find his way back to his lines, and the two part as friends.
The Act established the British Railways Board, which took over the BTC's railway responsibilities from 1 January 1963 until the passing of the Railways Act 1993.
The Act put in place measures that enabled the closure of around a third of British railways the following year as a result of the Beeching report, as the Act simplified the process of closing railways removing the need for pros and cons of each case to be heard in detail.
By the end of 1960, British Railways had accumulated a deficit of some £500 million and the annual rate of increase of the deficit was estimated to be in the region of £100 million.
The Act sought primarily to remedy this situation by putting public transport operators on the same footing as private companies, reversing the policy that had been in place since the earliest days of transport law, namely that the carrier was a monopolist to be controlled and regulated by the State for the benefit of the public.
By virtue of Sections 36 and 38 of the Act, some of the debts of the BTC, including the funds invested in the failed 1955 Modernisation Plan, were written off or transferred to the Treasury.
The four Boards inherited the property, liabilities and functions of the BTC, but their activities were to be co-ordinated by the Minister of Transport, rather than a body separate from the government.
The Boards needed the consent of the Minister to borrow and for approval for projects involving large sums of money (Sections 19 and 27).
The Central Transport Consultative Committee took the place of a similar body that had been created under the Transport Act 1947 to represent users of the railway, and Area Transport Users Consultative Committees covered individual areas of the country.
The Committees were to make recommendations relating to the services provided by the four Boards, although their remit did not include the charges and fares.
A new procedure was set out for the closure of railway lines, Section 56(7) requiring that British Railways gave at least six weeks' notice of their intention to close a line and to publish this proposal in two successive weeks in two local newspapers in the area affected.
The notice would give the proposed closure dates, details of alternative transport services (including services which BR was to lay on as a result of closure) and inviting objections to a specified address.
Rail users affected by a closure could also send their objections to the Area Committee (this was not required to be specified in the Closure Notice) who would then report to the Minister of Transport.
The closure would not then be proceeded with until the Committee had reported to the Minister and he had given his consent to the closure.
Based on the report, the Minister could subject his consent to closure to certain conditions, such as the provision of alternative transport services.
They no longer had the status of common carrier transporting persons and goods for the public benefit, but were now bailees transporting goods and people like a private operator.
Much of the Act has been repealed and updated: further information can be found by searching for the act in the UK Statute Law Database .
This work is dedicated to Baron Joseph von Stutterheim as a gesture of gratitude for taking his nephew, Karl, into the army after a suicide attempt.
While Beethoven composed the quartet in six distinct key areas, the work begins in C minor and ends in C major.
The topic has been written about extensively from very early after its creation, from Karl Holz, the second violinist of the Schuppanzigh Quartet, to Richard Wagner, to contemporary musicologists today.
In G minor, this movement is in bar form with a coda, which serves as a slow, sombre introduction to the next movement.
On radio, Kato was initially played by Raymond Hayashi, then Roland Parker who had the role for most of the run, and in the later years Mickey Tolan and Paul Carnegie.
Kato was Britt Reid's valet, who doubled as The Green Hornet's masked driver and partner to help him in his vigilante adventures, disguised as the activities of a racketeer and his chauffeur/bodyguard/enforcer.
According to the storyline, years before the events depicted in the series, Britt Reid had saved Kato's life while traveling in the Far East.
A long-standing, but false, urban legend maintained that the switch from one to the other occurred immediately after the 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor.
In the TV series Kato (portrayed by Bruce Lee) is not at all a mechanic but a professional servant, a highly skilled driver, and a master of the art of war.
In all other versions of the story he is also a mechanic, with the creations of both the special automobile, the Black Beauty, and the Hornet's trademark sleeping gas and the gun that delivered it attributed to him.
It was due in part to Bruce Lee's portrayal of this character, that the Green Hornet became more well known, and that the martial arts became more popular in the United States in the 1960s.
In this version, he also used green sleeve darts as a ranged attack for situations in which hand-to-hand combat was either impossible or too risky.
The impression Lee made at the time is demonstrated by one of the TV series tie-in coloring books produced by Watkins & Strathmore.
In this comic, the TV/Bruce Lee version of Kato was the son of the Kato from the radio stories, and had the given name Hayashi as an homage to the character's first radio actor.
Her removal was explained by having the Kato family company, Nippon Today, needing her automotive designing services at its Zurich, Switzerland facility.
Mishi would return in Volume 2, appearing sporadically in the new costumed identity of the Crimson Wasp, on a vendetta against the criminal, Johnny Dollar.
2, #s 12 & 13, August & September 1992) that he had been an embezzling executive at the Swiss plant, whose actions she unwittingly began to expose.
Consequently, he had murdered her fiancé and his daughter in an attack that also caused the unknowingly pregnant Mishi, the main target, to miscarry.
During this period, Hayashi became romantically involved with District Attorney Diana Reid, daughter of the original Hornet, who even thought for a while that she had conceived his child.
In the last two issues, yet another Kato, a nephew to both of these named Kono, was brought in to allow the aging Hayashi to retire from crime-fighting, but the publisher's ceasing of operations prevented much of him being seen.
The first had him defending a Chinese temple, where he had studied kung fu, from the Communist government, while in the second he took the job of bodyguarding a heroin-addicted rock star.
Beyond the reversal of ethnicities, the latter added the claim that he and the future Hornet were cousins, and the art's depiction of this Hornet's unnamed paternal grandparents resembles Paul Reid and Mishi Kato.
The elder Kato, in this version a Japanese forced to act Filipino to avoid the suspicions and the racist charges against his people during WWII, retires his identity along with Britt Reid, and both men decide to devote themselves to their families, respectively raising their offspring Britt Reid Jr. and Mulan Kato.
However both offspring refuse Reid's and Kato's will: Mulan Kato, now clad in a close variation of her father's original outfit, storms off to confront the Yakuza, and Britt Reid Jr. manages to steal one of the Green Hornet costumes to help her, despite having little training on his own.
As the new Kato, Mulan is a strong, physically fit, silent warrior woman, able to perform amazing feats with uncanny strength and precision.
It starred The Shadow, the Green Hornet and Kato, The Spider and Zorro, and was written by Chris Roberson with art by Alex Ross and Dennis Calero.
In one scene, he is reminded of his predecessors, one of whom is represented by a picture of Bruce Lee in his TV Kato costume..
In the film Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen, released late September 2010 in Asia and early 2011 in the United States, there is a large feature of the Green Hornet.
The subplot consist of the main character Chen Zhen (played by Donnie Yen) dressing up as a mask vigilante (based on the Green Hornet's sidekick Kato) to stop Japanese assassinations and to protect the people.
The director has mentioned that since Bruce Lee played both Chen Zhen (in the 1972 film Fist of Fury) and Kato (in the 1960s television series The Green Hornet) before, the film was a tribute and dedication to Lee.
In this version, Kato is an orphan who ran away from the orphanage, and was originally employed by Britt Reid's father James as a car mechanic (also making his coffee with a specially-designed machine he had created for the purpose), joining Britt on the steps that lead to him becoming the Green Hornet as Britt concluded that they had both been wasting their potential.
Kato's martial art skills in this version of the series are so exceptional that he claims that time literally slows down for him when he gets an adrenaline rush in a dangerous situation, as well as his traditional role as mechanic and driver.
Jah Shaka was born in Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, an area which has produced numerous roots reggae stars, amongst them Toots Hibbert, Everton Blender, Barrington Levy and Freddie McGregor.
By the late 1970s Shaka's system had rapidly gained a large and loyal following due to the combination of spiritual content, high energy rhythms, massive sonority, and his dynamic personal style.
Shaka stayed true to his spiritual and distinct musical style during the 1980s when many other Sound Systems had started to follow the Jamaican trend towards playing less orthodox styles tending towards slack dancehall music.
The Jah Shaka Sound System continues to appear regularly in London, with occasional tours of the United States, Europe and Japan.
On his own record label he has released music from Jamaican artists such as Max Romeo, Johnny Clarke, Bim Sherman and Prince Alla as well as UK groups such as Aswad and Dread & Fred.
Artists featured on more recent releases include both established singers like Tony Tuff, and new emerging artists like Rockaway and Principle - who have sung over riddims produced by his son Malachi, known as Young Warrior.
Shaka believes it to be a testament to the quality of the message that he expounds in his choice of music and his Rastafarian beliefs.
Jah Shaka's music has had a profound influence on genres in the UK like Junglist, a ghetto style born out of the UK soundsystem culture.
Jah Shaka's son Young Warrior has now started his own sound system, to great acclaim.Drum and Bass is also deeply influenced by Jah Shaka's sound system frequencies, and a number of the DJ's who feature in that genre, such as Congo Natty frequently name check Shaka's sound.Don Letts has also frequently referenced the influence of Jah Shaka on John Lydon and on the punk scene as a whole.
Shaka has also established the Jah Shaka Foundation to carry out assistance with projects in Ghana, where the foundation has bought of land in Agri, 30 miles outside of Accra.
It has also managed to distribute medical supplies, wheelchairs, library books, carpentry tools, drawing materials and records to clinics, schools and radio stations in the Accra area establishing important links with the local communities.
The second son of Francis Lewis, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Lewis fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.
He served in the New York State Assembly (1789, 1792) and the New York State Senate (1811–1814) and was New York State Attorney General (1791–1801) and governor of New York (1804–1807).
Morgan Lewis was born on October 16, 1754, of Welsh descent, the second son of Francis Lewis (1713–1802) and Elizabeth (née Annisley) Lewis (1715–1778).
However, based on his father's advice, he attended the College of New Jersey (now Princeton), graduating in 1773, and began to study law.
From September 1, 1776, to the end of the war he was a colonel and the Quartermaster General for the Northern Department.
He was then appointed chief-of-staff to General Horatio Gates, with the rank of colonel, and accompanied him into Canada, and soon after congress appointed him quartermaster-general of the Northern Army.
In 1775, he planned and executed the night attack on Stone Arabia, and was in command at the battle of Crown Point, where he was accompanied by New York Governor George Clinton.
After the Revolution, Lewis completed his legal studies while living in Albany, New York, boarding at the riverside home of James Bloodgood.
In 1779, the tax list showed him living there with personal property valued at $2,000, one of the city's highest assessments.
He was elected to the New York State Assembly, 1789 and 1792, and the New York State Senate from 1811 to 1814.
He was New York State Attorney General (December 24, 1791 – October 28, 1801) and later Justice and Chief Justice (October 28, 1801) of the Supreme Court of New York.
He served as governor of New York from 1804 to 1807, defeating Vice President Aaron Burr in the race to succeed future vice president George Clinton as governor.
During his tenure, the United States Military Academy at West Point was established, the state's militia system was restructured, and educational improvements were sanctioned.
On April 30, 1807, he was defeated in his run for re-election by Daniel D. Tompkins, also a future vice president.
He was commissioned as a brigadier general on April 3, 1812, and promoted to major general on March 2, 1813, as part of his service on the Niagara Frontier.
Although the British position was captured, Lewis ordered Colonel Winfield Scott to break off the pursuit of the defeated British troops.
But for Lewis's over-caution, Scott might have been able to capture Major General John Vincent's entire division and greatly weaken the British defense of the Niagara Peninsula.
He procured the release of the American prisoners in Canada, advancing from his private fortune the money for its accomplishment, and also rewarding his own tenants who had served in or sent sons to the war, by allowing them free rent for the time they served in the army.
Lewis was an original member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati and served as the Society's President General from 1839 to 1844.
In 1792, Lewis, purchased an estate covering of about 334 acres (135 ha) in Staatsburg, New York ,and commissioned the construction of a colonial-style house.
In the summer of 1824, on his visit to the United States, the Marquis de Lafayette dined there on his way upriver to visit Lewis' brother-in-law, Chancellor Livingston.
In 1832, the house was destroyed by a fire, said to be an act of arson committed by disgruntled tenant farmers.
Vinod Kambli (; born 18 January 1972) is a former Indian cricketer, who played for India as a middle order batsman, as well as for Mumbai and Boland, South Africa.
He has the highest career batting average for an Indian test cricketer of 54 but he played his last Test when he was just 23 years old.
Thereafter, he was only considered to play one day cricket, although his last appearance in that format was also at the young age of 28.
He has appeared as a commentator on various television channels and worked with a Marathi News channel as a cricket expert for the 2019 Cricket World Cup.
He has also been a part of various reality shows and done a few serials and Bollywood films as an actor.
Kambli is currently a coach at the MCA Academy in Mumbai and TMGA Camps run by Sachin Tendulakar and Middlesex County Cricket Club.
The scoring system was dictated by the lack of space, and the higher a batsman hit the ball into the buildings the more runs he scored.
He shared an unbroken partnership of 664 runs with Sachin Tendulkar in a school cricket match against St. Xavier's School, Fort.
Kambli contributed 349 runs before their coach Acharekar forced the pair to declare the innings; he then took six wickets for 37 runs in St. Xavier's first innings.
in 1993 on his birthday, setting the record for becoming the first batsman to score an ODI hundred on his birthday and 106 against Zimbabwe at Kanpur in the 1996 World Cup.
On 15 August 2009, Kambli launched his Khel Bharti Sports Academy in Mumbai and announced his retirement from cricket as he wished to coach at Khel Bharti Academy.
Vinod Kambli first married Noella Lewis, who was working as a receptionist at Hotel Blue Diamond (in Pune) in the year 1998.
The band is fronted by vocalist Daryl Palumbo and guitarist Justin Beck, and was a major part of the Long Island music scene in the early 2000s.
The band has been influential in the progression of the underground music scene in the eastern United States and United Kingdom and on the post-hardcore genre, and are known for their intense live shows and frequent line-up changes.
At the time there were a bunch of bands coming out with two names in one like that, like mouthpiece, curbjaw, stuff like that.
Beck's primary instrument throughout this time was drums, but switched to bass guitar when Ariel Telford left the band in 1998, and then switched to lead guitar when Kris Baldwin left and Manuel Carrero joined the band in 1999.
From 1994-1999 the band did several demo recordings of some songs that would eventually appear on their official releases, as well as several other compositions that would not see official release.
The record was released independently on the label 2 Cents a Pop, and saw a re-release in 2001 without label affiliation.
The line-up on this record was Palumbo, Beck, Todd Weinstock, Manuel Carrero & Sammy Siegler (who left the band prior to the subsequent tour).
The music, accompanied with Palumbo's lyrics—which were often bitter and resentful towards particular characters he was discussing—and his singing style in itself—powerful and aggressive guttural screaming along with a melodic touch—created a unique dynamic.
Matters were somewhat worsened when Palumbo started to have bouts with his Crohn's disease on tour, as his aggressive performance style sometimes triggers a relapse, which has the potential to be fatal.
Larry Gorman of Orange 9mm officially took over drumming duties part-way through touring, which saw dates with Deftones and a six-week European tour with Soulfly.
The line-up continued to rotate following the conclusion of the tour when Manuel Carrero was kicked out by Roadrunner for being the only member to have date conflicts with touring.
They left Roadrunner, finding them problematic, and shopped the album to other labels and ended up signing a deal with Warner Bros. Records.
The line-up on this record was Palumbo, Beck (who also provided bass duties), Weinstock, and Shannon Larkin of Amen and later Godsmack, who provided drumming duties due to recording time constraints, as he had worked well with producer Ross Robinson in the past, although Larry Gorman was composing parts and officially the drummer of the band.
The band then toured extensively throughout 2002-2003, playing all over the world, including festival tours such as Warped Tour, Ozzfest and Snocore.
In October 2002, dates in Germany and the UK were cancelled when Palumbo was hospitalized in Paris after suffering a relapse of the Crohn's; he underwent intestinal surgery.
The band took a hiatus in 2004, while Palumbo was composing and performing with his new group Head Automatica—which included drummer Larry Gorman—and Beck worked on his band merchandise business.
In late 2004, Todd Weinstock, Dave Allen, and Larry Gorman were all fired from the band, fueling rumors that they had split up.
The band denied that they were splitting up and cited Palumbo's ongoing problems with Crohn's disease as one of the reasons for the hiatus.
They were initially meant to be main tour support for The Used, but Palumbo had further problems with his Crohn's (Head Automatica also cancelled all their US shows).
Manuel Carrero, who had been playing with a band named The Jiant, replaced Allen as bassist after nearly five years away from the group.
Along with new material was the confirmation that a new album would be released in 2007, with the new songs introduced at the shows included.
It was then announced on fan site Glassjaw.net that they would be playing a warm up show at the Camden Barfly on 6.7.7.
At the end of 2007, Glassjaw, for the first time, headlined in southern California in various venues such as the Avalon in Hollywood, the House of Blues in San Diego, and the Glasshouse in Pomona.
The band was one of the headlining acts of 2007's Saints & Sinners Festival at the Asbury Park Convention Hall in Asbury Park, New Jersey, along with Against Me!.
In 2008, Glassjaw returned to the UK, playing at the two-day festival Give It A Name in Sheffield on May 10, and in London on May 11.
Glassjaw's next release was highly anticipated, not only due to their last full-length release dating back to 2002, but also the delay and lack of information regarding its status and/or release.
The album was not produced by Ross Robinson, as with previous releases; instead Beck co-produced the album with his friend Jonathan Florencio.
A fifth, unnamed track had only freestyle vocals recorded, perhaps indicating that lyrics were yet to be written for the rest of the album at this point.
It was rumored prior to the official announcement that the album would be self-titled, and Beck hinted, though speculatively, at a possible digital release.
This has been affirmed in an October 29, 2008 interview with Beck, which also states the album has a split style, with the five songs featuring vocals sounding much unlike the rest of the album (indeed, four of these songs were played live as early as 2003, and possibly written in the previous year).
They removed all usual site material and links, replacing it with a Glassjaw flag backdrop (a green variant of the Puerto Rican flag), which linked to the band's official clothing line.
I said that only four songs, (ones that we have been playing live with this lineup), have vocals, but that's old news, anyway.
Although consensus is that Manny is simply filling in for Thursday's bassist and has no plans to join the band or leave Glassjaw, this has still sparked considerable discussion amongst fans.
It was initially unclear whether the EP was meant to be a promo for a full-length album, or if it would be the final Glassjaw release.
On July 20 2009, Palumbo confirmed through Revolt that there would be a new Glassjaw EP and LP to be released in the coming months.
In December 2009, it was announced that Manuel Carrero and Durijah Lang left Saves the Day in order to focus entirely on Glassjaw.
In August 2010, Glassjaw returned to the UK to headline the Hevy Music Festival held at the Port Lympne Wild Animal Park near Folkestone.
To promote an EP consisting of 5 new songs, Glassjaw presented a unique marketing program where fans were offered a free digital release in conjunction with a special limited product or event.
The band also encored their 1/1/11 show at the Best Buy Theater in New York with five new songs that Daryl confirmed would be on the bands forthcoming album to be released early in the year.
Glassjaw played two shows in the UK, at the London HMV Forum (March 30) and the Cardiff Solus (March 31), with support from Napalm Death and also headlined Soundfest (June 10), playing alongside other artists such as Brother Ali, Del the Funky Homosapien and If He Dies He Dies.
Glassjaw were also added to the Sonisphere festival line-up around this time were to perform Worship & Tribute in its entirety during their set.
However, it was announced on March 29, 2012 via Sonisphere's website that the festival was canceled due to issues in setting up the festival.
In the fall, the band played Riot Fest in Chicago, as well as an opening for Deftones at a Los Angeles show at the Greek Theater, and also played a headlining show in Santa Ana, California.
At the beginning of 2014, the band participated in the Soundwave Festival in Australia, as well as playing a few Australian club shows with The Dillinger Escape Plan.
In the summer of 2014, Glassjaw once again briefly returned to performing, playing a brief set at the Amnesia Rockfest (in Montebello, QC).
Later in the fall, the band played Riot Fest in both Denver and Toronto, Made In America Festival in Philadelphia, and Fun Fun Fun Fest in Austin, Texas, which would be the band's last performance with Carrero on bass and Lang on drums.
In July 2015 it was confirmed by drummer Durijah Lang that he and bass player Manuel Carrero quit the band in January.
Along with that performance, the band played a handful of performances including Wrecking Ball Festival, Heavy Montreal, Taste Of Chaos Festival, and Aftershock Festival, as well as a show opening for Coheed And Cambria in Asbury Park, New Jersey, and a headling show in San Francisco with Dance Gavin Dance.
Music news website Pitchfork stated that the band would be releasing a new album, but did not give detail on when the album would be released.
While it is currently unknown who performed drums and bass guitar on the album, The Dillinger Escape Plan drummer Billy Rymer announced on his Instagram account the day of the song's release that he was the one that performed drums on the track.
However, on May 18, 2016 it was announced that the band would be playing both Denver and Chicago dates of Riot Fest.
A flexi-disc format of the album containing 10 songs was sent to fans who previously had ordered Glassjaw merchandise through Justin Beck's MerchDirect company prior to an official announcement.
Elements of the late 1980s youth crew style of hardcore are prominent in their earlier recordings, and Youth of Today have been cited as an important influence.
Beck has cited Faith No More's attitude towards making music as an influence, while Palumbo has specifically cited Mike Patton as a huge influence on him.
Apart from this, Palumbo's lyrics are known to frequently quote other artists as a tribute, quoting acts such as Frank Zappa, Tori Amos, Gravediggaz, among others.
If it was up to me and him, we’d get together every weekend and make an album almost every few months.
But I think the most poignant and potent Glassjaw [comes from] us stockpiling the goodness until it’s time to do it.
They openly advise people not to buy their first full-length so as not to give the label money, and have repeatedly told fans at shows to illegally download the record.
They are a miserable fuckin' corporation that does not bend for their bands, does not give their bands anything and they're just terrible businessmen.
They had 2 cash cows, Slipknot and Nickelback, and every other project they had rode backseat to those bands, and then the second that the new Slipknot record came out and didn't go quadruple Platinum in the first few hours it was released they fuckin' turned their backs on Slipknot.
Their usage of dissonant melodies through their two guitarists, Justin Beck and Todd Weinstock, created a jazz-like sound that was unique and original for the genre.
Modern post-hardcore bands such as Funeral for a Friend, Night Verses, The Movielife and Letlive have named Glassjaw as a formidable influence.
They always taught me to go against the grain, pay more attention to dynamics and think outside of the box when writing songs.
They are omnivore but they mainly eat little insect, larva, and spiders during summer and they mainly eat seeds and nuts during winter.
It was introduced to Oahu in Hawaii between 1929–1941 and have since spread to other South Eastern islands of the Hawaiian chain.
Robert Young records that to encourage singing the cages of kept birds were covered with a wooden box with a small paper window that allowed only subdued light in.
Along with the return of the barn swallow the bush warbler's call is viewed by Japanese as a herald of springtime.
These floors have squeaking floorboards that resemble the Japanese bush warbler's low chirping, and are meant to be so designed to warn sleepers of the approach of ninja.
The nightingale's droppings contain an enzyme that has been used for a long time as a skin whitening agent and to remove fine wrinkles.
It is also the hometown of artists like Paul Valéry, Jean Vilar, Georges Brassens, Gregory Del Piero, Hervé Di Rosa, Manitas de Plata, and Robert Combas.
Built upon and around Mont St Clair, Sète is situated on the south-eastern hub of the Bassin de Thau, an enclosed salt water lake used primarily for oyster and mussel fields.
To its other side lies the Mediterranean, and the town has a network of canals which are link between the Étang de Thau and the Mediterranean Sea.
In 1703, when the Saint-Louis church was consecrated, Louis IX, patron of the port, also became the patron saint of the town.
Sète is the eastern starting point of the Canal du Midi, and the ending point of the Canal du Rhône à Sète.
Its train station Gare de Sète is approximately 15 minutes by train from Montpellier, and is also served by long distance trains to Bordeaux, Toulouse, Marseille and Paris.
The number traditionally assigned to it is based on the order of its publication; it is actually Beethoven's 14th quartet in order of composition.
It was premiered (in its original form) in March 1826 by the Schuppanzigh Quartet and dedicated to Nikolai Galitzin on its publication in 1827.
They follow the pattern of movements seen in the Ninth Symphony and occasionally elsewhere in Beethoven's work (opening, dance movement, slow movement, finale), except that the middle part of the cycle is repeated: opening, dance movement, slow movement, dance movement, slow movement, finale.
This new finale was written between September and November 1826—and is thus the last substantial piece of composition Beethoven completed before his death.
Beethoven never witnessed a performance of the quartet in its final form; it was premiered on 22 April, 1827, almost a month after his death.
The Cavatina (performed by the Budapest String Quartet) is the final piece on the Voyager Golden Record, a phonograph record containing a broad sample of Earth's sounds, languages, and music sent into outer space in 1977 with the two unmanned Voyager probes.
The area of Eastwood was merged with a few parts of the Renfrew District to form the East Renfrewshire unitary council area.
The Railways Act 1921 (c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an Act of Parliament enacted by the British government and intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, move the railways away from internal competition and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway during and after the Great War of 1914–1918.
The British railway system had been built up by more than a hundred railway companies, large and small, and often, particularly locally, in competition with each other.
The parallel railways of the East Midlands and the rivalry between the South Eastern Railway and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway at Hastings were two examples of such local competition.
Complete nationalisation had been considered, and the 1921 Act is sometimes considered as a precursor to that, but the concept was rejected; nationalisation was subsequently carried out after the Second World War, under the Transport Act 1947.
Geddes viewed the pre-war competition as wasteful, but was opposed to nationalisation on the grounds that it led to poor management, as well as a mutually corrupting influence between railway and political interests.
This suggested the formation of six or seven regional companies; additionally it suggested worker participation on the board of directors of the company.
Railways serving London were intended to form a separate regional group, but this amalgamation was delayed and took place in 1933.
Scottish railway companies wished to be incorporated into British groupings, and the RCA proposed five British regional monopolies including the Scottish businesses.
With a view to the reorganisation and more efficient and economical working of the railway system of Great Britain railways shall be formed into groups in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the principal railway companies in each group shall be amalgamated, and other companies absorbed in manner provided by this Act.
Part 2 dealt with powers and regulation of the railway companies by the Railway and Canal Commission, part 3 dealt with railway rates, charges and conditions of carriage with powers given to a Railway Rates Tribunal, and part 4 with employee wages and conditions.
Parts 5 and 6 dealt with light railways and general clauses respectively, with the general clauses of part 6 including the requirement of the railway companies to provide the Minister of Transport with statistic and financial reports.
The third reading of the Act in the House of Commons took place on 9 August 1921, and was passed with a majority of 237 to 62; the act passed through the House of Lords and the Lord's amendments were accepted by the Commons on 19 August and Royal Assent given.
The state control of the railways which began under war conditions during World War I were to continue under the Ministry of Transport Act 1919 for a further two years.
The London suburban railway companies, such as the Underground Electric Railways Company of London and the Metropolitan Railway, were also excluded.
Later legislation under the London Passenger Transport Act 1933 amalgamated these and London area bus and tram operations into the London Passenger Transport Board (see List of transport undertakings transferred to the London Passenger Transport Board).
Other exempted railways were light railways authorised under the Light Railways Act 1896, and similar lines, although some such lines still chose to join the groups.
Those lines staying independent were principally those under the influence of Colonel Stephens, who had been instrumental in securing the necessary exemption.
Commissioned in late 1944, she participated in the latter part of the Pacific War in anti-aircraft screening and shore bombardment roles, for which she earned two battle stars.
Like all but one of her sister ships, she was retired in the post-war defense cutbacks, becoming part of the Pacific Reserve Fleet in 1947.
In the late 1950s she was converted to a guided missile cruiser, which involved removing all her guns except for her forward turret and mount, and rebuilding her entire superstructure to accommodate the Talos missile system and flagship office spaces and accommodation.
In her second career she served extensively in the Pacific, playing a prominent role in the Vietnam War, including participation in the evacuation of Saigon.
The ship would have received two 8-cell NATO Sea Sparrow surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers and two Vulcan Phalanx CIWS systems, in addition to extensive rehabilitation of her propulsion systems, electrical systems, her hull and superstructure.
She received enough maintenance to soldier on for a few more years and was decommissioned for the last time in December 1979.
She conducted local operations until 22 May, when she sailed for Ulithi, thence to rendezvous on 6 June, with Carrier Task Group 38.1 for operations in support of the Okinawa campaign.
For the rest of June, and into July, she screened 3rd Fleet carriers during their intensified air operations against Japanese forces.
On 18 July, she formed a bombardment group with other cruisers and destroyers, then rejoined the carrier task group for continued action against the Japanese home islands.
At the end of hostilities, she continued to patrol off the coast of Japan and it was not until 10 September, after seventy-two days of continuous steaming, that she finally entered Tokyo Bay.
She arrived at San Francisco on 14 February, where she remained until 15 August, when she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard for inactivation.
On 30 June 1947, she was placed out of commission in reserve, assigned to the San Francisco Group, US Pacific Reserve Fleet.
Her conversion having completed on 31 August 1960, she was towed to Hunter's Point where she recommissioned on 7 September, Captain Ben W. Sarver in command.
Following shakedown, she participated in several major training exercises while serving as flagship for Cruiser Division 3 (CruDiv 3) and Cruiser Destroyer Flotilla 9 (CruDesFlot 9), then departed 1 December, for a six-month deployment in WestPac.
The ship participated in SEATO training operations, received two awards for operational excellence, and served as an ambassador of good will to several cities in the Far East.
She then returned to Long Beach, California on 12 June 1962, and spent the next several months conducting local training operations and upkeep work.
Training exercises and operational visits to various ports in the Far East followed, then in June 1965, she began gunfire support missions off Vietnam.
Following her yard period, she began refresher training in the Southern California operating area in July 1967, and continued those exercises and intermittent calls to West Coast ports until she deployed again to the Western Pacific (WestPac) 7 November 1968.
The ship provided naval gunfire support for troops in South Vietnam, gunfire operations against coastal targets in North Vietnam and anti-aircraft operations in North Vietnam.
She also refueled from the replenishment ship and was visited by Rear Admiral Isaman, Commander Carrier Division Seven and Rear Admiral McClendon, Commander Carrier Division Nine.
Another accompanying ship, the destroyer was damaged by a direct hit from the second MiG flown by pilot Le Xuan Di, which destroyed her aft 5–inch gun mount.
Following this she was slated for a massive overhaul, as her flagship facilities, as well as her 6-inch guns made her an attractive asset to retain in service.
Her now obsolete Talos system would be removed and two Sea Sparrow SAM systems, and two Phalanx CIWS mounts would be fitted.
The Alliance for Progressive Government (APG), a political pressure group in the Isle of Man, was formed in 1991 as a grouping of members of the House of Keys (MHKs) who wanted to provide a coherent opposition to the Manx government.
Two more were elected at by-elections, giving them at one stage eight out of the 24 members of the House of Keys; but 3 MHKs resigned from the Alliance between 1996 and 2001.
The APG MHKs made a point of advancing alternative policies to the Isle of Man Government, as well as questioning and scrutinising government policy.
On 3 November she crossed the International Date Line and, continuing on, joined TF 38, the fast carrier force, at Ulithi at mid-month.
Through the remainder of the year she participated in that force's operations against Luzon and Formosa in support of the Philippine campaign.
In mid-January 1945, as the assault on Luzon pressed forward, the force sailed into the South China Sea and hit Japanese installations and shipping along the Indo-China coast and on Formosa.
After a brief respite at Ulithi and Leyte in June, the force sortied from Leyte Gulf for its last strikes against the enemy's home islands in early July, and from mid-month to mid-August pounded military and industrial complexes on the Tokyo Plain, northern Honshū, and Hokkaidō in anticipation of heavy resistance to what appeared inevitable—an invasion of Japan.
On 23 August she became flagship of TG 35.1, on the 27th she anchored in Sagami Wan, and on 1 September shifted to Tokyo Bay where she witnessed the official surrender ceremony the next day.
From November to February, 1947, she participated in division exercises in Micronesia, then, after fleet maneuvers in Hawaiian waters, returned to California.
For the next year she conducted local operations, including a trip up the Columbia River to Portland, OR for Navy Day 1947 then several months in dry dock at Bremerton, WA.
USS Pasadena returned to Portland, Oregon, for dismantling on the Willamette river after being sold for scrap on 5 July 1972 to Zidell Explorations of Portland.
Sir James Ian Raley Trethowan (20 October 1922 – 12 December 1990) was a British journalist, radio and television broadcaster and administrator who eventually became director-general of the BBC from 1 October 1977 to 31 July 1982, having previously been managing director of BBC network radio from 1970 to 1976.
Ian Trethowan was educated at the independent Christ's Hospital school near Horsham in West Sussex, and started work as a journalist and parliamentary lobby correspondent.
He became a presenter for Independent Television News in the late 1950s and early 1960s, co-presenting ITN's coverage of the 1959 general election.
He moved to the BBC in about 1963, and was part of Grace Wyndham Goldie's group of heavy hitting journalists which included Richard Dimbleby and Robin Day.
Trethowan told the press at the time that nobody from the government had seen the film or put pressure on the BBC but in fact he had met the heads of Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), shown them a tape of the programme and invited them to suggest cuts to it.
However, his genuflection to those in power ensured that his five years in charge of the BBC were generally very stable and secure for the organisation.
In 1979, when Trethowan was director-general, the BBC governors scuppered a plan to broadcast Michael Parkinson's chat show three nights a week, probably because the idea seemed too populist.
Trethowan's final months at the BBC saw the Thatcher government dissatisfied with what it saw as the corporation's insufficiently patriotic coverage of the Falklands War.
Kilmarnock and Loudoun () was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996.
The name Kilmarnock and Loudoun continues to be used for a constituency of the House of Commons and, covering a similar area, a Kilmarnock and Loudoun constituency of the Scottish Parliament.
After serving in the Hong Kong Police Force, he was elected to the House of Keys in 1986, where he represented Ayre until 2004.
He was a staunch opponent of the Isle of Man's decision to decriminalise homosexual acts in 1991, following pressure from the British government.
Edgar Quine is the current leader of the Manx political party, the Alliance for Progressive Government and served as deputy Speaker of the House of Keys between 2002 and 2004.
After fitting out, the cruiser departed Philadelphia on 3 January 1938 for shakedown in the West Indies followed by additional alterations at Philadelphia and further sea trials off the Maine coast.
In the following months, she called at principal ports of the West Indies, and at New York City, Boston, and Norfolk, Virginia.
She departed Los Angeles, California on 2 April 1940 for Pearl Harbor, where she engaged in fleet maneuvers until May 1941.
In September 1940, fifteen of the ship's African American mess men wrote an open letter to a newspaper protesting the treatment of African Americans in the Navy.
The incident drew protests from hundreds of mess men on other ships as well as anger in the African American community, and led to a series of meetings between Roosevelt and NAACP leaders A. Philip Randolph and Walter White to discuss partial desegregation of the armed forces.
At this point, she commenced Neutrality Patrol operations, steaming as far south as Bermuda and as far north as Halifax, Nova Scotia.
She entered Boston Navy Yard on 25 November for upkeep, and was in repair status there when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.
She then joined units of Task Force 22 (TF 22) at Norfolk on 16 May, departing two days later for an anti-submarine warfare sweep to the Panama Canal.
She then returned to New York, only to depart on 1 July as an escort unit for a convoy bound for Greenock, Scotland.
This force was to land some 35,000 troops and 250 tanks of General George Patton's Western Task Force at three different points on the Atlantic coast of French Morocco.
which was to carry 6,423 troops under Major General Ernest N. Harmon, with 108 tanks, to the landing at Safi, Morocco, about 140 mi (220 km) south of Casablanca.
The entire Western Naval Task Force, consisting of 102 ships and spanning an ocean area some 20 × 40 mi (30 × 60 km), combined off Cape Race on 28 October.
But after dark, a southeasterly course was plotted towards Casablanca, and shortly before midnight on 7 November, three separate task groups closed three different points on the Moroccan coast.
She then joined Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk’s TF 85 for training in Chesapeake Bay preparatory to the invasion of Sicily.
A convoy escorted by Philadelphia and nine destroyers sortied from Norfolk on 8 June and arrived Oran, Algeria on 22 June, where final invasion staging operations took place.
The convoy stood out from Oran on 5 July, and arrived off the beaches of Scoglitti, Sicily shortly before midnight of 9 July.
By 15 July, she had joined the gunfire support group off Porto Empedocle, where her guns were put to good use.
During her operations in support of the invasion of Sicily, the cruiser had provided extensive gunfire support and, in beating off several hostile air attacks, had splashed a total of six aircraft.
While bombarding targets off Aropoli on 15 September, the cruiser downed one of 12 attacking planes and assisted in driving off a second air attack the same day in the vicinity of Altavilla.
She downed two more hostile aircraft on 17 September and cleared the gunfire support area that night, bound for Bizerte, Tunisia.
The cruiser served as one of the escorting units for the group, which reached the Gulf of Saint-Tropez, France, on 15 August.
Four days later, her commanding officer, Captain Walter A. Ansel, accepted the surrender of the fortress islands of Pomeques, Château d'If, and Ratonneau in the Bay of Marseilles.
After gunfire support missions off Nice, she departed Naples on 20 October and returned to Philadelphia, Pa., arriving on 6 November.
Philadelphia underwent overhaul at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and then refresher training in the West Indies, returning to Norfolk, Virginia on 4 June 1945.
She steamed for Antwerp, Belgium on 7 July, acting as escort for which had embarked President Harry S. Truman and his party, including Secretary of State James F. Byrnes and Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy.
Steaming for Le Havre, France on 14 November, she embarked Army passengers for the return to New York on 29 November.
Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 9 January 1951, she was sold to the government of Brazil under terms of the Mutual Defense Assistance Program.
A sonata-allegro form in time, the first movement progresses quickly through startling changes in tone and dynamics, and is characterised by an economic use of themes.
It consists of a down-and-up arpeggio in dotted rhythm that cadences on the tonicized dominant, immediately repeated a semitone higher (in G).
the flattened supertonic) is an important structural element in the work, also being the basis of the main theme of the finale.
The choice of F minor becomes very clear when one realises that this movement makes frequent use of the deep, dark tone of the lowest F on the piano, which was the lowest note available to Beethoven at the time.
A set of variations in D major, on a theme remarkable for its melodic simplicity combined with the use of unusually thick voicing and a peculiar counter-melody in the bass.
Its sixteen bars (repeated) consist of nothing but common chords, set in a series of four- and two-bar phrases that all end on the tonic.
The fourth variation ends with a deceptive cadence containing the dominant chord that resolves to a soft diminished seventh, followed by a much louder diminished seventh that serves as a transition (without pause) to the finale.
A sonata-allegro in near-perpetual motion in which, very unusually, the second part is directed to be repeated, and not the first.
It has much in common with the first movement, including extensive use of the Neapolitan sixth chord and several written-out cadenzas.
The movement climaxes with a faster coda (at presto speed as seen above and in many editions) introducing a new theme which in turn leads into an extended final cadence in F minor.
The total performance time of this movement is about 7 to 8 minutes with the repeats and about to 6 minutes without them.
Gennaro Louis Vitaliano was born in the Bronx, New York, to Italian immigrant parents, and grew up in the Wakefield section of the Bronx which at the time was composed mainly of Italian-American families.
His early nightclub performances led to additional shows in the early 1950s, including one lasting for three years at the Enchanted Room, a club in Yonkers, New York.
When Paul Insetta (road manager for singer Guy Mitchell and hit songwriter) heard him there, he signed him to a management contract and further coached him.
The third ship to bear this name, it was laid down on 3 February 1943 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Fore River Shipyard at Quincy, Massachusetts; launched on 22 February 1944, sponsored by Mrs Cornelius D. Scully, wife of the Mayor of Pittsburgh; and commissioned at Boston on 10 October 1944, with Capt.
After calling in Panama and final gunnery exercises in the Hawaiians, she joined TF 58 at Ulithi on 13 February, assigned to TG 58.2 formed around the aircraft carrier .
Carrier air strikes against airfields near Tokyo on 16 and 17 February limited Japanese air response to the initial landings on 19 February.
The force sailed from Ulithi on 14 March to pound airfields and other military installations on Kyūshū on 18 March, and again the next day.
The Japanese struck back at dawn on the 19th, with an air raid which set the carrier ablaze, her decks utter chaos and power lost.
After replenishing at Ulithi, the force sortied once more on 8 May to attack the Nansei Shoto and Southern Japan in the continuing fight for Okinawa.
The 104-foot section of bow broke off owing to poor plate welds at the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co. at the Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts, in April 1943.
Still under repair at war's end, she was placed in commission in reserve on 12 March 1946 and decommissioned on 7 March 1947.
She sailed on 20 October for the Panama Canal, trained out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and prepared at Norfolk for a tour of duty with the 6th Fleet for which she sailed on 11 February 1952.
Returning on 20 May, she joined in the Atlantic Fleet's schedule of exercises and special operations in the western Atlantic and Caribbean.
During her second Mediterranean cruise, for which she sailed on 1 December, she flew the flag of Vice Admiral Jerauld Wright, Commander in Chief, Naval Forces Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean for a good-will cruise to the Indian Ocean in January 1953.
She returned to Norfolk in May for a major modernization overhaul, but rejoined the 6th Fleet at Gibraltar on 19 January 1954.
Once again she carried Admiral Wright to ports of the Indian Ocean during this cruise which ended with her return to Norfolk on 26 May.
On 21 October 1954, she passed through the Panama Canal to join the Pacific Fleet, with Long Beach her home port.
She sailed almost at once for the Far East, calling at Pearl Harbor on 13 November and reaching Yokosuka on 26 November.
She joined the 7th Fleet in exercises and to cover the Chinese Nationalist defense of the Tachen Islands and their evacuation of civilians and non-essential military personnel.
Leaving Japan on 16 February 1955, she resumed west coast operations until reporting at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 28 October for inactivation.
The ship remained there until stricken on 1 July 1973 and sold for scrap on 1 August 1974, to Zidell Explorations Corp., Portland, Oregon.
An anchor from USS Pittsburgh is on display in front of the Children's Museum, Allegheny Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Additionally, the ship's bell is on display in front of Pittsburgh's Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall and Museum.
Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles—typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits—Hoffman acted in many films, including leading roles, from the early 1990s until his death in 2014.
His mother, Marilyn O'Connor (née Loucks), came from nearby Waterloo and worked as an elementary school teacher before becoming a lawyer and eventually a family court judge.
His father, Gordon Stowell Hoffman, who was of German descent, was a native of Geneva, New York, and worked for the Xerox Corporation.
At the age of 14, Hoffman suffered a neck injury that ended his sporting activity, and he began to consider acting.
Encouraged by his mother, he joined a drama club, and initially committed to it because he was attracted to a female member.
At the age of 17, he was selected to attend the 1984 New York State Summer School of the Arts in Saratoga Springs, where he met his future collaborators Bennett Miller and Dan Futterman.
Between starting on the program and graduating from Fairport High School, he continued his training at the Circle in the Square Theatre's summer program.
Still considering stage work to be fundamental to his career, Hoffman joined the LAByrinth Theater Company of New York City in 1995.
This association lasted the remainder of his life; along with appearing in multiple productions, he later became co-artistic director of the theater company with John Ortiz, and directed various plays over the years.
Hoffman had only a brief role in the crime thriller, playing a cocksure young craps player, but it began the most important collaboration of his career.
Warmly received by critics, the film grew into a cult classic, and has been cited as the role in which Hoffman first showed his full ability.
Although it was only a small role, he claimed it was one for which he was most recognized, in a film that has achieved cult status and a large fan base.
Jake Coyle of the Associated Press rated Allen as one of the creepiest characters in American cinema, but critic Xan Brooks highlighted the pathos that Hoffman brought to the role.
Hoffman considered De Niro the most imposing actor with whom he had appeared, and he felt that working with the veteran performer profoundly improved his own acting.
Following a string of roles in successful films in the late 1990s, Hoffman had established a reputation as a top supporting player who could be relied on to make an impression with each performance.
Hoffman portrayed the enthusiastic rock critic Lester Bangs, a task by which he felt burdened, but he managed to convey the real figure's mannerisms and sharp wit after watching him in a BBC interview.
His brother Gordy wrote the script, which Hoffman had seen at their mother's house five years earlier, about a widower who starts sniffing gasoline to cope with his wife's suicide.
Both Lee and the film's lead Edward Norton were thrilled to work with Hoffman, and Lee confessed that he had long wanted to do a picture with the actor, but had waited until he found the right role.
Based on the true story of Toronto banker Brian Molony, who committed the largest fraud in Canadian history, Hoffman met with Molony to prepare for the role and help him play the character as accurately as possible.
Portraying the idiosyncratic writer proved highly demanding, requiring significant weight loss and four months of research – such as watching video clips of Capote to help him affect the author's effeminate voice and mannerisms.
Many critics commented that the role was designed to win awards, and indeed Hoffman received an Oscar, Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award, BAFTA, and various other critics' awards.
The film was a critical and commercial success, and along with his Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor, Hoffman was nominated for a BAFTA and a Golden Globe Award.
Hoffman again showed his willingness to reveal unattractive traits, as the character ages and deteriorates, and committed to a deeply psychological role.
Hoffman was already familiar with the play and appreciated the opportunity to bring it to the screen; in preparing for the role, he talked extensively to a priest who lived through the era.
He played Max, a depressed New Yorker with Asperger syndrome, while Toni Collette voiced Mary – the Australian girl who becomes his pen pal.
The film critic David Thomson believed that Hoffman showed indecisiveness at this time, unsure whether to play spectacular supporting roles or become a lead actor who is capable of controlling the emotional dynamic and outcome of a film.
Despite earlier reservations about directing for the screen, his first release of the 2010s was also his first as a film director.
He originally intended only to direct the film, but decided to reprise the main role of Jack – a lonely limousine driver looking for love – after the actor he wanted for it was unavailable.
The film was well-received and Hoffman's performance, especially in the scenes opposite Paul Giamatti – who played the rival campaign manager – was positively noted.
Directed by Mike Nichols, the production ran for 78 performances and was the highest-grossing show in the Ethel Barrymore Theatre's history.
Set in 1950s America, the film featured Hoffman as Lancaster Dodd, the charismatic leader of a nascent Scientology-type movement who brings a troubled man (Joaquin Phoenix) under his tutelage.
He assisted Anderson in the writing of the script by reviewing samples of it, and suggested making Phoenix's character, Freddie Quell, the protagonist instead of Dodd.
Hoffman and Phoenix received a joint Volpi Cup Award at the Venice Film Festival for their performances, and Hoffman was also nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA Award and a SAG Award for the supporting role.
The film finished as the 10th-highest grossing in history to that point, and Hoffman became recognizable to a new generation of film-goers.
While some reports stated Hoffman and O'Donnell separated in the fall of 2013, some months before his death, his partner later stated that she had committed to stand by him, but that they were living separately to protect the children.
Hoffman was also discreet about his religious and political beliefs, but it is known that he voted for the Green Party candidate Ralph Nader in the 2000 presidential election.
Although friends stated that Hoffman's drug use was under control at the time, on February 2, 2014, the actor was found dead in the bathroom of his Manhattan apartment by a friend, playwright and screenwriter David Bar Katz.
Detectives searching the apartment found heroin and prescription medications at the scene, and revealed that he was discovered with a syringe in his arm.
Whether Hoffman had taken all of the substances on the same day, or whether any of the substances had remained in his system from earlier use was not reported.
A funeral was held at St. Ignatius Loyola Church in Manhattan on February 7, 2014, and was attended by many of his former co-stars.
Those who attended the funeral service included Meryl Streep, Cate Blanchett, Julianne Moore, Ethan Hawke, Joaquin Phoenix, Laura Linney, Amy Adams, Michelle Williams, Marisa Tomei, Chris Rock, Ellen Burstyn, Louis C.K., Mike Nichols, and Diane Sawyer.
Hoffman's death was widely lamented by fans and the film industry, and was described by several commentators as a considerable loss to the profession.
On February 5, 2014, the LAByrinth Theatre Company honored his memory by holding a candlelight vigil, and Broadway dimmed its lights for one minute.
Hoffman left his fortune, around US$35 million, to Mimi O'Donnell in his October 2004 will, trusting her to distribute money to their children.
Hoffman was held in high regard within both the film and theater industries, and he was often cited in the media as one of the finest actors of his generation.
Despite this status among his peers and critics, he was never one of the most popular film stars, and has been overlooked in lists of all-time greatest actors.
He was not a typical movie actor, with a pudgy build and lacking matinée idol looks, but Hoffman claimed that he was grateful for his appearance as it made him believable in a wide range of roles.
Most of Hoffman's notable roles came in independent films, including particularly original ones, but he also featured in several Hollywood blockbusters.
He generally played supporting roles, appearing in both dramas and comedies, but was noted for his ability to make small parts memorable.
Hoffman occasionally changed his hair and lost or gained weight for parts, and he went to great lengths to reveal the worst in his characters.
He also received five Golden Globe Award nominations (winning one), five BAFTA Award nominations (winning one), four Screen Actors Guild Awards (winning one), and won the Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival.
Kyle and Carrick (A' Chùil agus a' Charraig in Scottish Gaelic) was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996.
South Ayrshire council area was formed with identical boundaries to Kyle and Carrick District with the transfer of the Dalmellington district to the newly established East Ayrshire council area.
In May she departed on a goodwill cruise to Africa and after visiting Cape Town, Lagos, Freetown, Monrovia, Dakar, and Casablanca, steamed into the Mediterranean for calls at Naples, and Palermo before heading home.
Arriving at Naples on 7 December, she shifted around the peninsula to Trieste at the end of the month, and until February 1947 cruised in the politically turbulent Adriatic.
The following November, she again steamed east to the Mediterranean, returning to the east coast for overhaul at Boston on 11 March 1948.
On completion of overhaul, she resumed type exercises off the eastern seaboard and conducted Naval Reserve training cruises to the Caribbean.
Decommissioned on 15 June 1949, she joined the Atlantic Reserve Fleet and into 1970 remained a unit of that fleet, berthed at Philadelphia.
Two of her main engines remain in service today as part of the MARF (Modifications and Additions to a Reactor Facility) facility for the S7G nuclear reactor prototype in Ballston Spa, New York.
This was a traditional paper size used in Europe and the British Commonwealth, before the adoption of the international standard A4 paper.
Foolscap was named after the fool's cap and bells watermark commonly used from the fifteenth century onwards on paper of these dimensions.
Unsubstantiated anecdotes suggest that this watermark was introduced to England in 1580 by John Spilman, a German who established a papermill at Dartford, Kent.
Apocryphally, the Rump Parliament substituted a fool's cap for the royal arms as a watermark on the paper used for the journals of Parliament.
Sir Charles John Curran (13 October 1921 – 9 January 1980) was an Irish-born British television executive and Director-General of the BBC from 1969 to 1977.
Following the appointment of the former Conservative minister Lord Hill as Chairman of the BBC Governors in 1967 (ironically, the Labour Prime Minister who appointed Hill, Harold Wilson, had attacked Hill's appointment as chairman of the Independent Television Authority under a Conservative government in 1963), Curran's arrival marked a return to a more cautious approach after the radicalism of Sir Hugh Carleton Greene.
Philip Hinchcliffe, then series producer, was replaced after only three more serials and his successor, Graham Williams, was ordered to lighten the tone and reduce the violence and horror content.
The intensity of its service was reflected in the 1,650 locomotives it owned – it was by far the most densely trafficked system in the British Isles with more locomotives per mile than any other company – and that one third of its 738 signal boxes controlled junctions averaging one every .
It was the first mainline railway to introduce electrification of some of its lines, and it also ran steamboat services across the Irish Sea and North Sea, being a bigger shipowner than any other British railway company.
The L&YR was incorporated in 1847, being an amalgamation of several important lines, the chief of which was the Manchester and Leeds Railway (itself having been incorporated in 1836).
The system consisted of many branches and alternative routes, so that it is not easy to determine the location of its main line.
Whereas there were various lines between the Central and Western Divisions there was only one route between the Eastern and Central Divisions.
This line cut through the Pennines between Lancashire and Yorkshire using a number of long tunnels, the longest of which was Summit Tunnel ( in length) near Rochdale.
Victoria railway station was one of the largest railway stations in the country at the time, and was the first of four stations to be named Victoria, pre-dating those in London, Sheffield and Nottingham.
Lately the station capacity has been reduced to two platforms for Metrolink trams, two bay platforms, and four through platforms under the Manchester Evening News Arena, which now replaces a significant area once occupied by the station.
The main facade and station building of the original Hunts Bank station still exist and are kept in relatively good condition.
In Liverpool, the Fourth Rail system was used at 600 V DC, although this was later converted to a Third rail system.
In 1912 Dick, Kerr & Co.'s Preston factory was considering tendering for a Brazilian contract, and approached the L&YR to use the Bury to Holcombe Brook Line for test purposes at Dick, Kerr's expense.
The line from Bury Bolton Street Station to Holcombe Brook was electrified with the overhead 3.5 kV DC system, rolling stock was also supplied at their cost.
In 1913 a decision was taken to electrify the Manchester to Bury route at 1.2 kV DC in an attempt to overcome competition from trams.
Using the Third Rail system, trains powered by electric motor cars (or carriages) began running on 17 April 1916 but as Horwich was by then involved in war work, deliveries of the new electric stock were delayed and it was not until August 1916 that steam trains were withdrawn from the route.
During 1917 work began to convert the Bury to Holcombe Brook line to a Third Rail system, matching the Manchester to Bury system.
The Helmshore rail accident on 4 September 1860 saw 11 people killed and 77 injured when the rear portion of a Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway passenger excursion train became detached and ran back down the line where it collided with an on-coming passenger excursion train.
The Burscough Junction Station rail crash occurred on 15 January 1880 at the station on the Liverpool to section of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway line, resulting in nine fatalities.
An excursion train was in collision with a West Lancashire Railway passenger train at , Lancashire on 3 August 1896 due to the driver of the excursion train misreading signals.
A passenger train was derailed on 15 July 1903 at Waterloo station, then in Lancashire (now Merseyside) caused by a broken spring and spring bridle on the locomotive, while negotiating a 23-chain curve at speed.
An express passenger train collided with a light engine at , Yorkshire on 22 October 1903 due to a signalman's error.
A collision between a London and North Western Railway (LNWR) empty stock train and a passenger train at , Yorkshire on 21 April 1905 killed two people.
The Hall Road rail accident at Blundellsands in what is now Merseyside on 27 July 1905 saw 20 killed and 48 injured when two Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway electric passenger trains collided due to human error on the part of a signalman and a train driver.
Two locomotives were shunted into a siding at Hindley & Blackrod Junction, Lancashire on 22 January 1909, but one of them remained foul of the main line.
On 18 March 1915, an express passenger train overran signals and was in a rear-end collision with an empty stock train at , Lancashire.
The rear portion was too heavy for the banking locomotive to hold, and it was pushed back downhill and derailed by catch points, as were the wagons.
Before this could occur, the Railways Act 1921 became law on 19 August 1921, under which the LYR and LNWR would be forced to amalgamate on 1 January 1923 with each other and with other railways, such as the Midland Railway and the Caledonian Railway.
The Act included provisions for two or more railways to amalgamate voluntarily before 1923; and the LYR and LNWR took the opportunity to implement their March 1921 agreement, and on 1 January 1922 both railways were dissolved and a new company was formed, which was also named the London and North Western Railway; its board of twenty directors included six from the former LYR.
The 1923 Grouping duly occurred one years later, which involved the expanded LNWR forming part of the new London Midland and Scottish Railway.
The Caldervale Line, as named by West Yorkshire Metro is also operated by Northern and uses a large part of the former L&YR.
Multiple coaches are preserved by Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Trust, at the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway, 6-wheel 5-comp third No.
Mostly covered goods vans survive in the form of LYR goods stock, some of these vans also passed into Cadbury ownership for use at Bourneville.
A brake van also survives at the Kent & East Sussex Railway and the body of a CCT van at the Cambrian Heritage Railways in Owestry.
By 1913 they owned 26 vessels, with another two under construction, plus a further five under joint ownership with the London and North Western Railway.
The L&YR ran steamers between Liverpool and Drogheda, Hull and Zeebrugge, and between Goole and many continental ports including Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Hamburg, and Rotterdam.
Lawrence was born as Sidney Liebowitz in the Brooklyn borough of New York City to Jewish parents, Max, a cantor in The Bronx, and Helen.
Frank Sinatra was known to have repeatedly stated that the best male vocalist he had ever heard was Steve Lawrence, although he also repeatedly said the same of Tony Bennett.
Michael was an assistant editor for a television show at the time of his death and was apparently healthy despite a previous diagnosis of slight arrhythmia.
Gormé and Lawrence were in Atlanta, Georgia, at the time of Michael's death, having performed at the Fox Theater the night before.
Upon learning of the death, family friend Frank Sinatra sent his private plane to fly the couple to New York to meet David, who was attending school at the time.
It was reported that younger executives (including the company's president, Charles E. Swanson) wanted to introduce livelier materials, while Haley favoured the traditional approach and an expansion in size.
Departing Boston in November 1945, she visited Piraeus, Greece, on 6 December, making the first cruise intended to expand American prestige through naval visits lasting till 1947.
Following departure from the Delaware Capes in October and training out of Guantanamo Bay and Norfolk, Va., she left Hampton Roads for the Mediterranean 3 February 1947.
After exercises and port visits in the Mediterranean, she departed Athens, Greece, in May, and arrived at Boston later that month.
Departing Newport, R.I., in November, she operated in the Mediterranean from 20 November 1947 to 2 March 1948, visiting Naples in December, Taranto in January, and Trieste and Venice in February, returning to Newport in March.
Sailing from Newport in September 1948, she served the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean from 23 September 1948 to 14 January 1949, visiting Thessalonika in October, Marseilles in November, Trieste and Venice in December, and Oran in January, returning to Newport later in January.
Provided with RIM-2 Terrier missiles, command ship facilities, and a nuclear weapons capability, she recommissioned 17 September 1959, Captain Kenneth L. Veth in command.
Following exercises off the West Coast, she arrived at Yokosuka, Japan, in May 1962, and relieved as flagship of the 7th Fleet.
Spending the remainder of 1965 off the West Coast with the 1st Fleet, she participated in exercises and visited various West Coast ports.
For exceptionally meritorious service from 20 April 1972 to 1 December 1972 while participating in combat operations off the coast of North and South Vietnam.
She was stricken on 30 September 1978 and sold to National Steel Corp.,Terminal Island, CA Sale # 160018 on 15 July 1980, removed from custody 31 July 1980 and scrapped.
Lieutenant General Sir Edward Ian Claud Jacob (27 September 1899 – 24 April 1993), known as Ian Jacob, was a British Army officer, who served as the Military Assistant Secretary to Winston Churchill's war cabinet and was later a distinguished broadcasting executive, serving as the Director-General of the BBC from 1952 to 1959.
His father was Field Marshal Sir Claud Jacob, in whose footsteps Ian followed by becoming a professional soldier with the Royal Engineers in 1918, after being educated at both Wellington College, Berkshire and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Jacob trained as an officer at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and later at the Staff College, Camberley from 1931 to 1932, (where he passed the entrance examination with record marks), his fellow students there including Brian Horrocks, Sidney Kirkman, Frank Simpson, Cameron Nicholson, Arthur Dowler, Nevil Brownjohn, and Thomas Rees.
Jacob served as the Military Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet for the duration of the Second World War (he actually asked to be returned to his regiment in 1940, but was refused).
Churchill valued Jacob's efforts enough to endorse his promotion from the rank of colonel to lieutenant general over the course of the war.
As a brigadier (war-substantive lieutenant-colonel), Jacob was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel in the Regular Army on 30 June 1943.
He was granted the acting rank of major-general on 8 September 1944 and advanced to temporary major-general on 8 September 1945.
In the 1944 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (CB).
As Jacob had never been in command of troops, he had few prospects for serious work in the forces after the war and sought to make use of his experience in communications.
By the end of the war, the BBC's European Service (later the BBC World Service), based at Bush House, had become the world's most respected and sophisticated foreign language broadcasting operation and had been admired for its contribution to the war effort.
The departing head of the service, Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick (who would become the Chairman of the Independent Television Authority a decade later), recommended Jacob as a potential successor.
Sir William Haley, the BBC's Director-General, had already met Jacob during preparations to report the news of the D-Day landings and was aware that his political contacts (Churchill in particular) could be valuable.
Jacob's successful management of Bush House led to his being appointed Director of the reconstructed Overseas service in which post he continued until 1951.
In February 1950, he helped to establish the European Broadcasting Union (responsible for the Eurovision Song Contest and similar events) and served as its first President until 1960.
Churchill was re-elected in 1951 and in addition to being Prime Minister, he also took the office of Secretary of State for Defence.
He immediately asked for William Haley to second Jacob from the BBC to reprise his advisory role, this time under the title of Chief Staff Officer.
After a single visit to the United States of America and Canada, Churchill had realised that the Defence portfolio was relatively dull during peacetime; he left the post and appointed Field Marshal the Earl Alexander as his replacement.
Jacob was less comfortable working for Alexander than for Churchill, but a new opportunity arose for him in June 1952, when Haley announced he was to leave the BBC to become editor of The Times.
Jacob was well respected by the senior staff of the BBC, much more so than the other candidate George Barnes, then the controller of BBC television.
(Barnes had been appointed Controller of Television in 1950, despite having no enthusiasm for visual broadcasting, and was not popular within the BBC.
Indeed, the BBC's regional controllers informed the Chairman, Lord Simon of Wythenshawe, that they would resign simultaneously if Barnes was chosen over Jacob as Haley's replacement).
However, Jacob was still officially seconded to the Ministry of Defence, and so a member of the Board of Management, Sir Basil Nicholls, was made acting Director-General until Jacob could be released back to the BBC.
Jacob's tenure coincided with the rise of television, which was beginning to displace radio as the main broadcast medium (sales of Sound-and-Television licences overtook those of Sound-only licences in 1957).
Indeed, he initially found it hard to persuade senior staff that money was available and that there was ample opportunity to spend it in developing television to the full.
Jacob was an enthusiast of news and current affairs programming and was keen to continue the BBC's tradition of accuracy and impartiality in its journalism.
However, this goal led him to misinterpret the intentions of the controversial Editor of News, Tahu Hole, who was inclined to abuse the impartiality principle to avoid management responsibilities.
In fact, it was only in 1958, by which time BBC News was being put to shame by its competitor Independent Television News, that Jacob finally noticed Hole's shortcomings and moved him into an administrative post.
Jacob did, however, campaign for the abolition of the restrictive Fourteen-Day Rule that prevented broadcast analysis of topics that were to be debated in parliament within the next fourteen days (the Rule was finally suspended in December 1956).
Also during Jacob's time as Director-General was the first showing of Panorama which is the world's longest-running current affairs series as of 2017.
His former mentor Winston Churchill in particular had never liked the BBC's journalistic impartiality, thinking that broadcast media should be a tool of government rather than a forum of political analysis and criticism.
Eden responded by cutting the budget of the Overseas Service (which was, unlike today's World Service, funded by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office rather than the Licence fee which funded the rest of the BBC).
It was also mostly on the strength of Jacob's work that the 1960 Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting recommended that the third television channel should be offered to the BBC, eventually materialising as BBC2 in 1964.
The following day, he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in the New Year's Honours.
He was also a trustee of the Imperial War Museum between 1966 and 1973 and was a County Councillor in Suffolk for two separate periods (1960–1970 and 1974–1977).
The North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) was a British railway company formed in 1845 to promote a number of lines in the Staffordshire Potteries and surrounding areas in Staffordshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire and Shropshire.
The company was based in Stoke-on-Trent and was nicknamed The Knotty; its lines were built to the standard gauge of .
The main routes were constructed between 1846 and 1852 and ran from Macclesfield to Norton Bridge, just north of Stafford, and from Crewe to Egginton Junction, west of Derby.
Within these main connections with other railway companies, most notably the London and North Western Railway (LNWR), the company operated a network of smaller lines although the total route mileage of the company never exceeded .
The majority of the passenger traffic was local although a number of LNWR services from Manchester to London were operated via Stoke.
Freight traffic was mostly coal and other minerals but the line also carried the vast majority of china and other pottery goods manufactured in England.
As the NSR was surrounded by other larger railway companies, there were in the 19th century several attempts emanating from other companies or proposals from NSR shareholders to amalgamate with one or more of the other companies that adjoined it.
None of these came to fruition and the NSR remained an independent company up to 1923 when it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Company.
The area of north Staffordshire known today as the City of Stoke-on-Trent was already a thriving industrial area before the arrival of the railways.
The establishment of the pottery industry and the development of coal and ironstone mines in the 18th century had provided a need for materials, most noticeably clay, to be brought into the area.
This need had given rise in the mid to late 18th century of the construction of the Trent & Mersey Canal (T&M) and its various branches.
By 1845 this had fallen to a still impressive 30% despite the onset of railway development in the North West of England.
It was the Trent & Mersey Canal company that built the first railway in north Staffordshire when in 1776 it was granted powers to build a railway, or plateway, from Caldon Low limestone quarries to the canal basin at Froghall in the Churnet Valley.
The Railway Mania of 1845 found the Potteries still without a railway, although the surrounding towns of Stafford, Crewe, Derby and Macclesfield were all connected to the fledgling railway system.
As a way of eliminating opposition to the Company's Bills in Parliament, and to allow it to promote a line to Liverpool, the company made an agreement to take over the Trent & Mersey Canal Company.
This was a line that was being supported by the Grand Junction Railway (GJR) running between Derby and Crewe via Uttoxeter and Stoke.
Despite having arranged to purchase the T&M canal for a considerable sum, to obtain support for the Liverpool extension the NSR agreed to the GJR demand.
On 26 June 1846, the three NSR acts were passed with the total of £2,900,000 in share capital being shared amongst the three lines, with seven years allowed for the completion of each line.
A mile long procession headed by John Lewis Ricardo, Member of Parliament for Stoke-on-Trent and chairman of the NSR Company, formed.
By February 1847 there were 1,318 men and 60 horses working between Macclesfield and Colwich and they had removed of earth, driven of tunnel heading and erected yards of fencing.
It also consolidated the previous acts and importantly, forced the NSR to ensure that all lines were completed by specifying that ordinary dividends were not to exceed 5% until the Churnet Valley and Willington lines had been opened.
Passenger services started on 17 April 1848 and the first passenger train left the temporary station at Wheildon Road, Stoke, hauled by locomotive No.
The opening of the line gave the Potteries a railway link with Birmingham and London which made it an instant success with the public.
The remaining lines under the original Acts were opened in stages but all were completed and open by the end of 1852 when the Stoke to Newcastle and Newcastle to Knutton sections opened.
A few months after the opening of the first line, the imposing permanent station in Winton Square, Stoke was opened on 9 October 1848.
Later branches constructed in the nineteenth century included lines from Stoke-on-Trent to Congleton via Smallthorne and Biddulph; Stoke-on-Trent to Leek; Newcastle to Silverdale, Keele and Market Drayton (junction with the Great Western Railway); Alsager to Audley, Leycett and Keele, and Rocester to Ashbourne.
Also opened in the nineteenth century was the only NSR line to achieve any degree of fame, the Potteries Loop Line from Etruria via Hanley, Cobridge, Burslem, Tunstall, Pitts Hill, Newchapel and Goldenhill to Kidsgrove Liverpool Rd.
Twentieth century construction included a branch from Leek to Cauldon Lowe via Waterhouses from where the narrow gauge Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway (L&MV) was constructed through the Hamps and Manifold river valleys to Hulme End near Hartington.
It was authorised as part of an alternative line to Newcastle-under-Lyme but construction work beyond Trentham was quickly abandoned owing to rising costs.
The Cheadle Railway was a small local company constructed with NSR's backing, built at great cost over a period of twelve years.
A short line of just under it was opened with the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&L) in 1869 to give the NSR to Manchester independently of the LNWR.
As relationships between the NSR and the LNWR grew better the reason for the line lessened as the MB&M route to Manchester was 5 miles longer than the LNWR route.> Both passenger and freight traffic was handled by the MS&L (or as it later became the Great Central Railway) with the buildings maintained by the NSR.
As a company with only a small route mileage the NSR made extensive use of running powers and in exchange granted running powers to other companies.
In 1849 an agreement was reached where LNWR traffic could work over the NSR system but in exchange a certain amount of the LNWR London trains had to be routed via Stoke.
These Manchester to London Euston restaurant car expresses were unique in often being hauled by NSR tank engines from Manchester to Stoke-on-Trent where the LNWR express engines took over for the run via Stone, Sandon, Colwich, and the main line to London Euston.
The NSR received a payment for every through passenger on these trains and employed a small army of ticket inspectors to examine and clip (with its distinctive 'P' clip) every ticket during the Stoke-on-Trent station stop.
As well as the running power agreements with the LNWR there was a very short joint line of at Middlewood and three jointly owned stations; Ashbourne, Colwich and Macclesfield Goods.
Equally important in terms of traffic but not as extensive in terms of route were the running power agreements with the Midland Railway (MR).
The GNR built its GNR Derbyshire and Staffordshire Extension from Nottingham and Derby Friargate via Mickleover to Egginton Junction with running powers over the NSR from Etwall, through Uttoxeter, to Bromshall Junction.
Although the NSR had joint ownership of the MB&M with the MS&L the NSR did not have running powers over the rest of the MS&L and was content to let the MS&L handle all traffic north of Middlewood.
Finally with both the NSR and the Great Western Railway (GWR) expanding into Shropshire running rights were agreed for NSR trains to run to Hodnet and Wellington and in return GWR goods trains could run to Stoke.
There were several proposals made either to the NSR or by it, to merge or lease or sell the company to other railway companies.
A further attempt in 1851 got as far as a parliamentary bill being submitted for amalgamation until the select committee appointed to look at the bill reported against the idea.
Less than twenty years later, in 1870, these four companies all combined to look at taking over the NSR following a decision by the NSR board to sell or lease the company.
The four rival companies were unable to agree on who would take what share of the NSR and the proposal floundered.
In 1875, the MS&L proposed an amalgamation which initially found favour with the NSR board and shareholders but eventually fell through when the MS&L finances were investigated and it was found that the MS&L was no stronger financially than the NSR.
In 1877 the NSR dividend was only 2% compared with the dividend of 6% paid by the LNWR to its shareholders.
In 1891 the NSR paid a 5% dividend for the first time, a level not to be reached again until 1913.
Passenger numbers stood at 7,200,000 and goods traffic handled by the NSR consisted of of goods, nearly of coal and coke and over of other minerals.
Under the Railways Act 1921, the NSR was one of the eight major companies designated to form the North Western, Midland and West Scottish Group.
The act came into force on 1 January 1923 but along with the Caledonian Railway, the NSR amalgamation into the LMS was delayed until 1 July 1923 due to certain legal requirements not being completed by the due date.
In common with most other British railway companies, the NSR decided early on that it was advantageous to carry out its own maintenance work in all departments and also to undertake much of its own new construction work.
The T&M owned Rudyard Lake which the NSR made use of as a leisure complex, building a golf course, in 1905, on land adjoining the lake.
Associated with the quarry was the tramway that ran from the quarries to Froghall making the NSR the operator of lines of three different gauges.
The first locomotives were either purchased from contractors building the line or firms such as Sharp Brothers and Company, B. Hick and Son, Kitson, Thompson and Hewitson, the Vulcan Foundry or Jones and Potts.
Originally the resident engineers were responsible for the locomotive stock and the first four holders of this post were all primarily civil engineers.
In 1863 the new general manager, Morris, commissioned an outside report on the NSR locomotive fleet which recommended the rebuilding of 50 engines.
The only significant event of Johnson's tenure was the building of the first engines at Stoke works when three 0-6-0T engines were built in 1868.
There followed a long period of locomotive construction internally with all locomotives between 1875 and 1900 coming from the company works.
An urgent need for heavier goods engines prompted the company to go to contractors and a small number of 0-6-0 designs were purchased from Nasmyth, Wilson and Company.
In 1903 five 0-6-2T engines were purchased from Vulcan Foundry and with the exception of two locomotives for shunting purchased from Kerr Stuart in 1919 these were the last engines not to be built by the company at Stoke.
In addition to the NSR locomotives were the two engines of the Leek & Manifold and the three engines that worked the Caldon Low quarries.
At grouping 196 steam locomotives including the L&MV and Caldon Low engines were absorbed into the LMS along with the three railmotors and one battery electric locomotive.
Although many of the locomotives were not old, due to the LMS policy of standardisation all NSR engines had been withdrawn from service by 1939.
Both formed part of the national collection at the National Railway Museum but in 2016 ownership of the New L class locomotive was transferred to the Foxfield Railway where the locomotive is now on display.
NSR engines were also sub-shedded at other companies depots, with arrangements existing at the LNWR sheds at Stafford, Liverpool Edge Hill and Manchester Longsight and the GNR shed at Nottingham Colwick.
Up to 1882 locomotives were a bright green with black and white lining with a Staffordshire knot emblem on the tank or tender sides.
Longbottom was succeeded by Adams who changed the livery once more to a crimson shade called Madder Lakewith yellow and vermilion lining.
Four-wheeled carriages were the norm from the start and the last were constructed in the 1880s, although by then they had progressed from the unbraked coaches of the 1840s with the introduction of the communication cord in 1869 and the simple vacuum brake in 1883.
The first bogie coaches were introduced in 1906 for use on the Derby–Llandudno service and these were followed by further examples until 1923.
By 1919 all carriages, except 13 four-wheelers used on miners trains, had been fitted with steam heating and a number of vehicles had been fitted with through pipes to allow use in trains equipped with Westinghouse brakes.
Most carriages were constructed at Stoke but some were purchased from companies such as the Metropolitan Carriage, Wagon and Finance Company.
One area where the NSR was a pioneer was in the use of electrical lighting being the largest of only three British railway companies to switch from oil to electric lighting and not use any form of gas lighting.
Coaching stock was originally claret but in 1875 was changed to Victoria Brown and white (except for branch line trains which carried an all over Victoria Brown livery) with gold and blue lining.
This colour scheme lasted until 1896 when it was changed to an overall Victoria Lake (brown) colour with gold and blue lining.
The NSR handed over to the LMS 6,612 goods wagons of which over 5,000 were open wagons for the transport of coal and other minerals.
This number was dwarfed by the number of wagons owned by the pits, ironworks, other industrial operations and traders in the Stoke area.
An unusual set of wagons to be seen were the bright yellow with red lettering vans owned by the Barnum and Bailey circus who had their main English depot in Stoke.
In the early 1840s, the owners of iron ore mines in the Furness district of Lancashire became interested in a waggonway from their mines to Barrow; the project was adopted and expanded by the Duke of Buccleuch and the Earl of Burlington.
Advertisements in 1843 announced a scheme, supported by their Lordships, for a Furness Railway to link Ulverston 'the capital of the district', iron ore mines (at Dalton-in-Furness) and slate mines (at Kirkby-in-Furness) with the coast at Barrow harbour and at Piel pier .
Traffic on the line would be horse-drawn, but the line was to be laid out to allow easy conversion to the use of steam power.
The subscription to the company was largely taken up by the Duke and the Earl, and their associates; although there were some local subscribers - Henry Schneider was on the company's provisional committee - failure to attract local capital meant that the original intention to serve Ulverston was dropped.
The line was passed for passenger use early in August 1846; by the end of the month passenger trains were running from Dalton to Piel pier, connecting with a steamer to Fleetwood.
Passenger services ceased after about two months, and the line between Dalton and Rampside Junction was doubled to remove the difficulties experienced in working both mineral and passenger traffic on a single track line.
Periodic disagreements and reconciliations saw the steamer service terminal switch between Piel and Barrow on a number of occasions until (1853) the Furness Railway bought the pier.
Copper mining interests at Coniston promoted the Coniston Railway, running from the Furness Railway at Broughton to Coniston and on to the copper mines.
The line was nominally independent of the FR, but the Duke of Devonshire (as the Earl of Burlington had become in 1858) was its chairman; the FR took shares in it, and worked it.
It opened for passenger traffic 19 July 1859, although its opening for goods and mineral traffic was deferred for some months as the provision was still incomplete.
A branch was built from (just west of) the Leven viaduct to Greenodd (allowing suppression of a swing bridge in the viaduct) then through Newby Bridge to a terminus beside Windermere at Finsthwaite; the locality had been known as The Landing, but the station was named Lake-side.
The Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway was completed in November 1851, connecting the Furness Railway to Whitehaven and (on completion of the Bransty tunnel at Whitehaven in 1852) to the West Coast Main Line at Carlisle.
In 1865, before the lease and amalgamation, the W&FJR and the FR had put forward rival Bills for crossing the Duddon estuary much lower down it than the existing crossing at Foxfield, thus usefully shortening the rail distance between Whitehaven (and points north) and Barrow (and Carnforth).
After the discovery of a large hematite deposit in the Holborn Hill area, the line between Millom and Barrow was doubled throughout; the line between Seascale and Bootle was also doubled.
From its opening, the U&LR was worked by the Furness Railway, which purchased it (with effect from July 1861) in 1862, taking over the Ulverston Canal Company in the same year.
In 1863, in conjunction with the Midland Railway, the FR promoted a Bill for the Furness and Midland Joint Railway between Wennington and Carnforth; the intention was said to be to give a more direct connection between the iron ore of Furness and Yorkshire ironworks and coal-mines.
The London and North Western Railway cast doubt on this, pointing out that Furness got its metallurgical coke from South Durham over the Stainmore line and exported most of its ore to districts better served by the LNWR, but withdrew its objection on being offered the same powers as the Midland over the FR.
In 1867 the FR secured an Act for the construction of the Hincaster Branch from to the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway at Hincaster.
In 1870, the FR brought forward, and then abandoned, a Bill authorising abandonment of the project; construction was pursued with no great urgency, the line not opening until June 1876.
The FR objected when in 1877 the Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway agreed terms for its amalgamation with the LNWR; instead as of July 1879 the WC&ER became a joint line of the Furness and the LNWR.
The Furness Railway's prosperity came originally from the export of haematite ore, but the growth of heavy industry at Barrow became a significant contributor.
A very small village at Barrow grew into one of about 2,000 serving the ore-export facility there, with the Furness Railway effectively responsible for the settlement.
The FR took over Barrow Harbour from its Commissioners in 1863 to allow the construction of wet docks at Barrow; in 1864 it obtained powers to supply Barrow and the surrounding district with gas and water.
Witnesses for the Furness and Midland Joint bill reported that in 1862 over 535,000 tons of iron ore had been raised in Furness (in 1873 the market price of haematite ore was 24-30 shillings per ton) and over 90,000 tons of pig iron produced in local blast furnaces.
The Dukes of Devonshire and Buccleuch were both major shareholders in the steel company as was the managing director of the Furness Railway, who was also the managing director of the Hematite Steel company and (following the incorporation in 1867 of Barrow) its first mayor.
The docks at Barrow opened in September 1867; there were two wet docks; the Devonshire (30 acres) and the Buccleuch (33 acres).
The Midland Railway's Morecambe-Belfast steamer service was replaced by a Barrow-Belfast service jointly owned by the Midland and the FR; a service to Douglas was also run in the summer months, but both services ran from Piel pier transferring to Barrow docks in 1881.
In 1872, the FR obtained powers to build a third dock (the Ramsden); the spoil from the excavation of this was used to enclose an area of water intended for the construction of a fourth (the Cavendish).
The original main line did not run through Barrow, though its headquarters and engineering works were adjacent to St. George's Square.
In 1882, a new station Barrow Central was opened on a new loop line, which the Whitehaven- Carnforth passenger traffic now ran over.
Heavy expenditure on the docks at Barrow coincided with a down-turn in the iron trade in the mid-1870s; capital expenditure on other projects was minimised, and the dividend was cut from 10% to 6.5%.
This triggered complaints from shareholders that the directors were pursuing the development of Barrow at the expense of the profitability of the FR, and from passengers at the service provided - with the possible exception of fast trains serving Barrow (which did not stop at most stations) FR passenger trains were infrequent, inconvenient, unpunctual, uncomfortable, and slow.
A glance at the timetables shows that it is almost impossible to reach some of the most beautiful places on Morecambe Bay in anything like reasonable time, and the accommodation at Carnforth, when the delay takes place, is most miserable.
On the Furness side of the line there are two seats for about 200 passengers, one waiting room, and one refreshment room, which is frequently so crammed that many people cannot get to the counter.
Added to this inconvenience, travellers who have to wait here are oppressed with a sense of the general dirtiness of the station.
These are the advertised times, but the trains are not infrequently late, consequently a good walker might almost accomplish the journey on foot in the time.
In 1881 revenue for the second half of the year was about £300,000 and the dividend 7% a year; second-half revenue declined to £216,000 in 1885 (with the dividend being cut to 2%), but recovered to £275,000 in 1889 allowing a dividend of 5% a year.
In 1892 there was no dividend for the first year-half (because of a prolonged strike in the Durham coalfield) this triggered a renewal of previous complaints from shareholders that the company had sunk between two and three million pounds into docks at Barrow, but refused to give any indication of the profitability (or otherwise) of the docks.
The additional complaint was now made that most of the directors were ornamental and deferred to Sir James Ramsden who had held managerial posts with the company since 1846, and had been the managing director since 1866.
For the second half of 1892, despite the disruption to traffic and loss of an engine caused by subsidence at Lindal, a dividend at the rate of 3% a year was declared; amendments seeking to force the resignation of Sir James were moved, but defeated.
a ton, we are now carrying that ore - in less quantities, I am sorry to say - to the furnaces at short distances, and we get an average of only 1s.
The new regime benefited from a recovery in the Furness iron and steel trade, and from a wholesale replacement of passenger rolling stock occasioned by the need to provide a continuous automatic brake, but also made strenuous efforts to develop passenger traffic, with day and weekend excursion tickets being introduced and advertised.
Second class was abolished (1897) and new corridor bogie carriages introduced on Barrow-Yorkshire services were as good as anything to be found on major railways.
To promote tourist traffic, the FR published guides to tours in the Lake District not only in English, but also in French and German.
The dividend, however, fell back to 0.5% in 1904 because of a renewed depression in iron and steel; Mr Aslett having previously reported that pig iron could only be produced in Furness at a loss of 3s 6d per ton: England was the 'dumping ground' for German iron being sold at below its production cost.
Vickers had taken over the Barrow Shipbuilding Company in 1897, and its construction of naval warships at Barrow (both as part of the Anglo-German naval arms race and for foreign navies) became an important prop of the prosperity of Barrow.
Even with this prop, and the development of tourist traffic, the FR dividend for the last twenty-five years of its existence (up to grouping in 1923) averaged only marginally above 2% a year.
The FR had been closely associated with the Midland Railway for many years; it was strategically important to the Midland as giving it access to an Irish Sea port and hence to Irish traffic.
The Midland had repeatedly attempted to purchase the company, but these offers had come during periods of prosperity for the Furness, whose directors had rebuffed the Midland's terms as insufficiently generous.
The Midland's announcement of a planned extension of its Morecambe line to a new deep-water port at Heysham gave rise to concern about the future of steamer services from Barrow and the reliability of the Midland as a partner.
Negotiations with the Midland led to a further offer to purchase the FR (with a guaranteed 3% dividend to FR shareholders) which was again rejected, and ended in an agreement that the joint Furness/Midland steamers from Barrow would continue to run, and the same company which managed (and owned a third of the shares in) the Barrow steamers for the railways would also manage the services from Heysham.
When services began running from Heysham in 1905, the Barrow services became unprofitable: it became evident that the Midland was preferentially routing traffic via Heysham and the Furness went to law, the matter being resolved by the Midland buying out the FR's interest for £45,000, entering a traffic-sharing agreement for Belfast traffic and undertaking to continue the services from Barrow for seven years.
The first locomotive superintendent, recruited from Bury, Curtis and Kennedy in 1846, was later to be knighted as Sir James Ramsden, a leading civic figure and first Mayor of Barrow.
The Furness Railway operated as an independent company until December 1922, when it was merged as one of the constituent companies of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway following the Railways Act 1921.
Mark Julian Byford (born 13 June 1958) was Deputy Director General of the British Broadcasting Corporation and head of BBC Journalism from 2004–2011.
He chaired the BBC Journalism Board and had overall responsibility for the world's largest news organisation and all its radio, television and interactive journalism content across the UK and around the world.
His responsibilities also included BBC Sport, the Nations and Regions (BBC Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and English regions) and Editorial Policy.
He led the BBC wide coverage of the General Elections in 2005 and 2010; the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008; and the BBC coverage of the Queen Mother's Funeral in 2002 and the Royal Wedding in 2011.
Byford established and chaired the BBC's Editorial Standards Board, which is responsible for promoting the BBC's standards in ethics and programme-making across the Corporation.
He was in overall charge of the BBC's planning for the London 2012 Olympic Games as Chair of the London 2012 Steering Group.
His first book, 'A Name on a Wall', about an American soldier killed in the Vietnam War, was published by Mainstream in November 2013.
His second book, 'The Annunciation: A Pilgrim's Quest', a personal search to understand the meaning of Luke's Gospel story, was published in April 2018.
He is also a Governor at the University of Winchester; a Trustee of the Winchester Hospice Fundraising charity; and a Trustee of Play to the Crowd, the charity that runs Winchester Theatre Royal and the Hat Fair.
He was made a Vice President of the RNLI in 2019 in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the charity whilst a Trustee from 2012-2019, where he was Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee and, previously, Chair of the Fundraising and Communications Committee.
He spent his early years living around the West Riding of Yorkshire, where his father, Sir Lawrence Byford, served as a policeman.
He returned to West Yorkshire in 1976, studying Law at the University of Leeds, where he was president of Devonshire Hall.
In 1981, aged just 22, he produced the Royal Television Society's Regional News programme of the Year – a Look North special on unemployment in the north of England.
In 1987 he became Head of News at BBC Bristol before becoming Home Editor BBC News and Current Affairs, responsible for all television network newsgathering coverage across the UK.
There he led the BBC's coverage of the Clapham rail crash, the Kegworth M1 air crash, the Lockerbie bombing, the Hillsborough football tragedy, and the Marchioness riverboat disaster.
He joined the BBC's Board of Management in 1996 as Director, Regional Broadcasting responsible for all the BBC's activities across the UK, outside London.
In 1997–98, he drew up the BBC's response to devolution and helped to devise and implement the policy to increase the level of network programming production outside London.
In 1998 he became Director of the BBC World Service and then Head of the BBC's multi-media Global News Division in 2002.
In January 2004 he became Deputy Director General of the BBC but within three weeks of his appointment, Greg Dyke resigned as Director General, following the publication of the Hutton Report.
When Mark Thompson was appointed Director General in June 2004, Byford's role was enlarged to take responsibility for all the BBC's journalism at UK, international and local levels – the first time such a post leading the BBC's Journalism at all levels across radio, television and online, had been established.
In November 2008, he led the investigation into the Brand/Ross affair and produced the special report that was published subsequently by the BBC Trust.
He was a first board member of the joint industry radio research body, RAJAR, in the early 1990s and was also a board member of BARB, the television audience research body.
In 1999, he established the BBC World Service Trust, the BBC's international development charity, which used media and communications to reduce poverty and promote education and human rights around the world.
In July 2010, it was revealed that Byford had flown on business to the World Cup in South Africa business class at a cost of £4,878.
On 12 October 2010 it was announced Byford was leaving the Corporation after thirty two years and the Deputy Director General post closed as part of the BBC's cutbacks in senior management costs.
Byford left the Executive Board of the BBC at the end of March 2011, and his BBC employment ended in the early summer after he led the Royal Wedding coverage, reportedly with a redundancy/notice package of between £800,000 and £900,000.
There he was, grey man with a job for life, half a million pounds in salary and, because he had been at the BBC so long without ever leaving, an uncapped two-thirds final salary pension entitlement and no obvious market rate comparator to justify such riches.
However, the remainder of that article, written by media commentator, Steve Hewlett, suggested that his presence might be missed greatly at the Corporation.
It went on to highlight how he was a stabilising influence on Director General, Mark Thompson.That opinion appeared highly prophetic in the light of the two major Newsnight scandals – concerning Sir Jimmy Savile and Lord McAlpine respectively – which engulfed the BBC within 18 months of Byford's departure.
Both of those incidents led to widespread adverse criticism of high level management of journalism within the BBC and were surrounded by suggestions that the Director General of the day was not sufficiently informed about issues highly significant for the reputation of the Corporation.
It tells the contrasting stories of an American soldier, Larry Byford, killed in the Vietnam War in 1967 and his own father, Lawry Byford, who served alongside the Americans in the Second World War.
Inspired by a chance viewing of an Annunciation painting by François Lemoyne in The National Gallery, on loan from Winchester College, he searches for the spiritual meaning of Luke's biblical story through intimate conversations with more than a hundred senior clerics, theologians and art historians, as well as viewing more than a hundred acclaimed Annunciation images, during a three-year 30,000 mile journey.
He is married to Hilary Bleiker, whom he met whilst at Leeds University where she studied English, and they have five adult children, two sons and three daughters.
In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Winchester, and in 2010 an honorary doctorate by the University of Lincoln, the city where he spent his teenage years.
He has been a Governor of the University of Winchester since 2014; a Trustee of the Winchester Hospice Fundraising Charity since 2018; and a Trustee of Play to the Crowd, the charity that runs Winchester Theatre Royal and the Hat Fair, since 2018.
He was made a Vice President of the RNLI in 2019 in recognition of his outstanding contribution as a Trustee from 2012 - 2019.
His parents were immigrants from Abruzzo, Italy, who ran a construction business, and while growing up, he worked alongside his brothers, Pasquale and Frank as a bricklayer.
He aspired to become a singer, emulating artists such as Al Jolson and Perry Como, and by the success of a family friend, Alfredo Cocozza, who had changed his name to Mario Lanza.
After serving with the United States Navy in World War II, during which he was part of, and injured in, the Iwo Jima invasion, Cini began his singing career.
Encouraged by Lanza, he adopted the stage name Al Martino, based on the name of his good friend Lorraine Cianfrani's (née Losavio) husband Alfred Martin Cianfrani, and began singing in local nightclubs.
Lanza's label, RCA Victor, had asked Lanza to record the song, but Martino called Lanza and pleaded with him to let Martino's version have a clear chance.
1 on the US pop charts in June 1952, earning Martino a gold disc, and later in the year, also reached the top of the UK charts.
However, his success also attracted the attention of the Mafia, which bought out Martino's management contract and ordered him to pay $75,000 as a safeguard for their investment.
In 1958, thanks to the intervention of a family friend, Martino was allowed to return to the U.S. and resume his recording career, but he faced difficulties in re-establishing himself, especially with the arrival of rock and roll.
In 1959, Martino signed with 20th Fox Records; his deal scored him two albums, and four singles released, none of which was a major hit.
In 1976, it reached number one on the Italian and Flemish charts, and was in the top 10 in Spain, the Netherlands, and France, as well as in many other European countries.
In 1993, Martino recorded a new studio album with German producer Dieter Bohlen (former member of pop duo Modern Talking, producer of international artists such as Chris Norman of Smokie, Bonnie Tyler, Dionne Warwick, Engelbert or Errol Brown of Hot Chocolate).
Martino had been notified of the character Johnny Fontane by a friend who read the eponymous novel and felt Martino represented the character of Johnny Fontane.
However, Martino was stripped of the part after Francis Ford Coppola became director and then awarded the role to singer Vic Damone.
According to Martino, after being stripped of the role, he went to Russell Bufalino, his godfather and a crime boss, who then orchestrated the publication of various news articles that claimed Coppola was unaware of Ruddy giving Martino the part.
Damone eventually dropped the role because he did not want to provoke the mob, in addition to being paid too little.
Martino was married first to Jenny Furini; then to Gwendolyn Wenzel; and, finally, to Judi Martino, to whom he was married at the time of his death.
Martino died from a heart attack on October 13, 2009, at his childhood home in Springfield, Pennsylvania, six days after his 82nd birthday.
George Washington, elected the first president in 1789, worked with the heads of the departments of State, Treasury, and War, along with an Attorney General (the Justice Department wasn't created until 1870), the group of which later became known as his cabinet.
Enacting the program of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, the government assumed the Revolutionary War debts of the states and the national government, and refinanced them with new federal bonds.
It paid for the program through new tariffs and taxes; the tax on whiskey led to a revolt in the west; Washington raised an army and suppressed it.
Fleshing out the Constitution's specification of the judiciary as capped by a Supreme Court, the Judiciary Act of 1789 established the entire federal judiciary.
The Supreme Court became important under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–1835), a federalist and nationalist who built a strong Supreme Court and strengthened the national government.
The 1790s were highly contentious, as the First Party System emerged in the contest between Hamilton and his Federalist party, and Thomas Jefferson and his Republican party.
Washington and Hamilton were building a strong national government, with a broad financial base, and the support of merchants and financiers throughout the country.
The Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon in 1803 opened vast Western expanses of fertile land, which exactly met the needs of the rapidly expanding population of yeomen farmers whom Jefferson championed.
The Americans declared war on Britain (the War of 1812) to uphold American honor at sea, and to end the Indian raids in the west, as well as to temporarily seize Canadian territory as a negotiating chip.
Despite incompetent government management, and a series of defeats early on, Americans found new generals like Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, and Winfield Scott, who repulsed British invasions and broke the alliance between the British and the Indians that held up settlement of the Old Northwest.
The Federalists, who had opposed the war to the point of trading with the enemy and threatening secession, were devastated by the triumphant ending of the war.
The remaining Indians east of the Mississippi were kept on reservations or moved via the Trail of Tears to reservations in what later became Oklahoma.
The spread of democracy opened the ballot box to nearly all white men, allowing the Jacksonian democracy to dominate politics during the Second Party System.
Whigs, representing wealthier planters, merchants, financiers, and professionals, wanted to modernize the society, using tariffs and federally funded internal improvements; they were blocked by the Jacksonians, who closed down the national Bank in the 1830s.
Thanks to the annexation of Texas, the defeat of Mexico in war, and a compromise with Britain, the western third of the nation rounded out the continental United States by 1848.
Howe (2007) argues that the transformation America underwent was not so much political democratization but rather the explosive growth of technologies and networks of infrastructure and communication—the telegraph, railroads, the post office, and an expanding print industry.
They modernized party politics and sped up business by enabling the fast, efficient movement of goods, money, and people across an expanding nation.
Economic modernization proceeded rapidly, thanks to highly profitable cotton crops in the South, new textile and machine-making industries in the Northeast, and a fast developing transportation infrastructure.
The Second Great Awakening brought revivals across the country, forming new denominations and greatly increasing church membership, especially among Methodists and Baptists.
The Whigs had warned that annexation of Texas would lead to a crisis over slavery, and they were proven right by the turmoil of the 1850s that led to the Civil War.
George Washington, a renowned hero of the American Revolutionary War, commander of the Continental Army, and president of the Constitutional Convention, was unanimously chosen as the first President of the United States under the new U.S. Constitution.
All the leaders of the new nation were committed to republicanism, and the doubts of the Anti-Federalists of 1788 were allayed with the passage of a Bill of Rights as the first ten amendments to the Constitution in 1791.
The first census, conducted by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, enumerated a population of 3.9 million, with a density of 4.5 people per square mile of land area.
Whereas the Constitution only defined the judiciary as vested in one Supreme Court and in various inferior courts that Congress was to define, Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the entire federal judiciary.
The act provided for the Supreme Court to have six justices, and for two additional levels: three circuit courts and 13 district courts.
The Compromise of 1790 located the national capital in a district to be defined in the southern state of Maryland (now the District of Columbia), and enabled the federal assumption of state debts.
It funded the debts of the American Revolution, set up a national bank, and set up a system of tariffs and taxes.
His policies had the effect of linking the economic interests of the states, and of wealthy Americans, to the success of the national government, as well as enhancing the international financial standing of the new nation.
Most Representatives of the South opposed Hamilton's plan because they had already repudiated their debts and thus gained little from it.
But more importantly, there were early signs of the economic and cultural rift between the Northern and Southern states that was to burst into flames seven decades later, being that the South and its plantation-based economy resisted the idea of a centralized federal government and being subordinated to Northeastern business interests.
The First Bank of the United States was thus created that year despite arguments from Thomas Jefferson and his supporters that it was unconstitutional while Hamilton declared that it was entirely within the powers granted to the federal government.
The Whiskey Rebellion happened in 1794—when settlers in the Monongahela Valley of western Pennsylvania protested against the new federal tax on whiskey, which the settlers shipped across the mountains to earn money.
By August 1794, the protests became dangerously close to outright rebellion, and on August 7, several thousand armed settlers gathered near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Foreign policy unexpectedly took center stage starting in 1793, when revolutionary France became engulfed in war with the rest of Europe, an event that was to lead to 22 years of fighting.
The Washington administration's policy of neutrality was widely supported, but the Jeffersonians strongly favored France and deeply distrusted the British, who they saw as enemies of Republicanism.
The Republicans gained support in the winter of 1793–94 as Britain seized American merchant ships and impressed their crews into the Royal Navy, but the tensions were resolved with the Jay Treaty of 1794, which opened up 10 years of prosperous trade in exchange for which Britain would remove troops from its fortifications along the Canada–US border.
The Jeffersonians viewed the Treaty as a surrender to British moneyed interests, and mobilized their supporters nationwide to defeat the treaty.
The Federalists likewise rallied supporters in a vicious conflict, which continued until 1795 when Washington publicly intervened in the debate, using his prestige to secure ratification.
By this point, the economic and political advantages of the Federalist position had become clear to all concerned, combined with growing disdain for France after the Reign of Terror and Jacobin anti-religious policies.
Although Washington remained aloof and warned against political parties in his farewell address, he generally supported Hamilton and Hamiltonian programs over those of Jefferson.
The First Party System between 1792 and 1824 featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party was created by Alexander Hamilton and was dominant to 1800.
The Federalists promoted the financial system of Treasury Secretary Hamilton, which emphasized federal assumption of state debts, a tariff to pay off those debts, a national bank to facilitate financing, and encouragement of banking and manufacturing.
The Republicans, based in the plantation South, opposed a strong executive power, were hostile to a standing army and navy, demanded a limited reading of the Constitutional powers of the federal government, and strongly opposed the Hamilton financial program.
Perhaps even more important was foreign policy, where the Federalists favored Britain because of its political stability and its close ties to American trade, while the Republicans admired the French and the French Revolution.
Adams defeated Jefferson in the 1796 presidential election, who as the runner-up became Vice President under the operation of the Electoral College of that time.
These domestic difficulties were compounded by international complications: France, angered by American approval in 1795 of the Jay Treaty with its great enemy Britain proclaimed that food and war material bound for British ports were subject to seizure by the French navy.
The Naturalization Act, which changed the residency requirement for citizenship from five to 14 years, was targeted at Irish and French immigrants suspected of supporting the Republican Party.
The few convictions won under the Sedition Act only created martyrs to the cause of civil liberties and aroused support for the Republicans.
Jefferson and his allies launched a counterattack, with two states stating in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions that state legislatures could nullify acts of Congress.
Napoleon, who had just come to power, received them cordially, and the danger of conflict subsided with the negotiation of the Convention of 1800, which formally released the United States from its 1778 wartime alliance with France.
Serving until his death in 1835, Marshall dramatically expanded the powers of the Supreme Court and provided a Federalist interpretation of the Constitution that made for a strong national government.
Jefferson is a central figure in early American history, highly praised for his political leadership, but also criticized for the role of slavery in his private life.
He was a leader in American independence, advocated religious freedom and tolerance, and opposed the centralizing tendencies of the urban financial elite.
He formed the second national political party and led it to dominance in 1800, then worked for western expansion and exploration.
For example, in 1798, to pay for the rapidly expanding army and navy, the Federalists had enacted a new tax on houses, land and slaves, affecting every property owner in the country.
Jefferson had steadily gathered behind him a great mass of small farmers, shopkeepers and other workers which asserted themselves as Democratic-Republicans in the election of 1800.
Believing America to be a haven for the oppressed, he reduced the residency requirement for naturalization back to five years again.
By the end of his second term, Jefferson and Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin had reduced the national debt to less than $560 million.
This was accomplished by reducing the number of executive department employees and Army and Navy officers and enlisted men, and by otherwise curtailing government and military spending.
This ruling by leading Federalist upset Jefferson to the point where his administration began opening impeachment hearings against judges that were perceived as abusing their power.
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 gave Western farmers use of the important Mississippi River waterway, removed the French presence from the western border of the United States, and, most important, provided U.S. settlers with vast potential for expansion.
The United States, dependent on European revenues from the export of agricultural goods, tried to export food and raw materials to both warring Great Powers and to profit from transporting goods between their home markets and Caribbean colonies.
Following the 1805 destruction of the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar, Britain sought to impose a stranglehold over French overseas trade ties.
Believing that Britain could not rely on other sources of food than the United States, Congress and President Jefferson suspended all U.S. trade with foreign nations in the Embargo Act of 1807, hoping to get the British to end their blockade of the American coast.
James Madison won the U.S. presidential election of 1808, largely on the strength of his abilities in foreign affairs at a time when Britain and France were both on the brink of war with the United States.
He tried various trade restrictions to try to force Britain and France to respect freedom of the seas, but they were unsuccessful.
The British had undisputed mastery over the sea after defeating the French and Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805, and they took advantage of this to seize American ships at will and force their sailors into serving the Royal Navy.
Even worse, the size of the U.S. Navy was reduced due to ideological opposition to a large standing military and the Federal government became considerably weakened when the charter of the First National Bank expired and Congress declined to renew it.
A clamor for military action thus erupted just as relations with Britain and France were at a low point and the U.S.'s ability to wage war had been reduced.
In response to continued British interference with American shipping (including the practice of impressment of American sailors into the British Navy), and to British aid to American Indians in the Old Northwest, the Twelfth Congress—led by Southern and Western Jeffersonians—declared war on Britain in 1812.
Westerners and Southerners were the most ardent supporters of the war, given their concerns about defending national honor and expanding western settlements, and having access to world markets for their agricultural exports.
The war was draw in the war after bitter fighting that lasted even after the Burning of Washington in August 1814 and Andrew Jackson's smashing defeat of the British invasion army at the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815.
News of the victory at New Orleans over the best British combat troops came at the same time as news of the peace, giving Americans a psychological triumph and opening the Era of Good Feelings.
The war destroyed the anti-war Federalist Party, and opened roles as national candidates to generals Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison among others, as well as civilian leaders James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Henry Clay.
America began to rally around national heroes such as Andrew Jackson and patriotic feelings emerged in such works as Francis Scott Key's poem The Star-Spangled Banner.
Under the direction of Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court issued a series of opinions reinforcing the role of the national government.
These decisions included McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden; both of which reaffirmed the supremacy of the national government over the states.
The New England states that had opposed the War of 1812 felt an increasing decline in political power with the demise of the Federalist Party.
The industrial revolution in the United States was advanced by the immigration of Samuel Slater from Great Britain and arrival of textile mills beginning in Lowell, Massachusetts.
The Monroe Doctrine was drafted by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams in collaboration with the British, and proclaimed by Monroe in late 1823.
It further stated the United States' intention to stay neutral in wars between European powers and their colonies but to consider any new colonies or interference with independent countries in the Americas as hostile acts towards the United States.
As the 19th century dawned, Florida had been undisputed Spanish territory for almost 250 years, aside from 20 years of British control between the French and Indian Wars and the American Revolution.
Although a sparsely inhabited swampland, expansionist-minded Americans were eager to grab it and already, in 1808, American settlers had invaded the westernmost tip of Florida and expelled the local Spanish authorities, after which Congress hastily passed a bill annexing it under the claim that the Louisiana Purchase had guaranteed the territory to the United States.
Also taking advantage of the mother country's distraction, Spain's Latin American colonies rose up in revolt and Madrid was forced to denude Florida of troops to suppress the rebellions.
He arrested and hanged two British agents who had been encouraging Indian raids, leading to an outcry in London and calls for war.
The Spanish agreed to turn over the no-longer-defensible Florida to the US and also give up their extremely flimsy claims to the distant Oregon Territory, in exchange for which American claims on Texas were renounced (some Americans had also been claiming parts of that territory under the Louisiana Purchase).
Meanwhile, in 1818, the U.S. and Britain also agreed to settle the western border with Canada, which was established at the 49th parallel running straight from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains.
Included in this settlement was the headwaters of the Red River in what would eventually become Minnesota, and the Mesabi Range, which eventually proved to contain vast amounts of iron ore.
From Kentucky came Speaker of the House Henry Clay, while Massachusetts produced Secretary of State Adams; a rump congressional caucus put forward Treasury Secretary William H. Crawford.
Adams won the electoral votes from New England and most of New York; Clay won his western base of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri; Jackson won his base in the Southeast, and plus Illinois, Indiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey; and Crawford won his base in the South, Virginia, Georgia, and Delaware.
No candidate gained a majority in the Electoral College, so the president was selected by the House of Representatives, where Clay was the most influential figure.
In return for Clay's support in winning the presidency, John Quincy Adams appointed Clay as secretary of state in what Jacksonians denounced as The Corrupt Bargain.
Elected with less than 35% of the popular vote, Adams was a minority president and his cold, aloof personality did not win many friends.
Adams was also a poor politician and alienated potential political allies with his commitment to principles when he refused to remove Federal officeholders and replace them with supporters out of patronage.
A strong nationalist, he called for the construction of national road networks and canals and renewed George Washington's call for a national academy.
The South was particularly against them since they would require continued heavy tariffs to fund and there were fears that government overreach of this type could easily lead to action taken against slavery.
Despite his sterling record as Secretary of State, Adams also proved less than successful at foreign policy as his old rival, British Foreign Secretary George Canning, played a cat-and-mouse game with him.
Ever since the Treaty of Paris 42 years earlier, Britain had barred American merchantmen from visiting its islands in the West Indies, although smugglers frequently evaded this ban.
Although Adams was ultimately successful in getting approval, one of the two delegates died en route to Panama and the Panama Congress ultimately accomplished little of value.
Charismatic Andrew Jackson, by contrast, in collaboration with strategist Martin Van Buren rallied his followers in the newly emerging Democratic Party.
In the election of 1828, Jackson defeated Adams by an overwhelming electoral majority in the first presidential election since 1800 to mark a wholesale voter rejection of the previous administration's policies.
The electoral campaign was correspondingly as vicious as the one 28 years earlier, with Jackson and Adams's camps hurtling the worst mudslinging accusations at one another.
The former painted himself as a war hero and the champion of the masses against Northeastern elites while the latter argued that he was a man of education and social grace against an uncouth, semi-literate backwoodsman.
This belied the fact that Andrew Jackson was a societal elite by any definition, owning a large plantation with dozens of slaves and mostly surrounding himself with men of wealth and property.
The election saw the coming to power of Jacksonian Democracy, thus marking the transition from the First Party System (which reflected Jeffersonian Democracy) to the Second Party System.
Historians debate the significance of the election, with many arguing that it marked the beginning of modern American politics, with the decisive establishment of democracy and the formation of the two party system.
A week short of his 63rd birthday, he was the oldest man yet elected president and suffering from the effects of old battle wounds.
The inauguration ball became a notorious event in the history of the American presidency as a large mob of guests swarmed through the White House, tracking dirt and mud everywhere, and consuming a giant cheese that had been presented as an inaugural gift to the president.
Starting in the 1820s, American politics became more democratic as many state and local offices went from being appointed to elective, and the old requirements for voters to own property were abolished.
Voice voting in states gave way to ballots printed by the parties, and by the 1830s in every state except South Carolina presidential electors were chosen directly by the voters.
Jacksonian Democracy drew its support from the small farmers of the West, and the workers, artisans and small merchants of the East.
They favored geographical expansion to create more farms for people like them, and distrusted the upper classes who envisioned an industrial nation built on finance and manufacturing.
Political machines appeared early in the history of the United States, and for all the exhortations of Jacksonian Democracy, it was they and not the average voter that nominated candidates.
In addition, the system supported establishment politicians and party loyalists, and much legislation was designed to reward men and businesses who supported a particular party or candidate.
As a consequence, the chance of single issue and ideology-based candidates being elected to major office dwindled and so those parties who were successful were pragmatist ones which appealed to multiple constituencies.
Its goal was to outlaw Freemasonry as a violation of republicanism; members were energized by reports that a man who threatened to expose Masonic secrets had been murdered.
They ran a candidate for president (William Wirt) in 1832; he won 8% of the popular vote nationwide, carried Vermont, and ran well in rural Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.
Others included abolitionist parties, workers' parties like the Workingmen's Party, the Locofocos (who opposed monopolies), and assorted nativist parties who denounced the Roman Catholic Church as a threat to Republicanism in the United States.
Vermont had universal male suffrage since its entry into the Union, and Tennessee permitted suffrage for the vast majority of taxpayers.
In addition, the 1828 election marked the decisive emergence of the West as a major political bloc and an end to the dominance of the original 13 states on national affairs.
In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the President to negotiate treaties that exchanged Indian tribal lands in the eastern states for lands west of the Mississippi River.
In all, Native American tribes signed 94 treaties during Jackson's two terms, ceding thousands of square miles to the Federal government.
The Cherokees insisted on their independence from state government authority and faced expulsion from their lands when a faction of Cherokees signed the Treaty of New Echota in 1835, obtaining money in exchange for their land.
Despite protests from the elected Cherokee government and many white supporters, the Cherokees were forced to trek to the Indian Territory in 1838.
Toward the end of his first term in office, Jackson was forced to confront the state of South Carolina on the issue of the protective tariff.
The protective tariff passed by Congress and signed into law by Jackson in 1832 was milder than that of 1828, but it further embittered many in the state.
South Carolina dealt with the tariff by adopting the Ordinance of Nullification, which declared both the Tariff of 1828 and the Tariff of 1832 null and void within state borders.
Clay's 1833 compromise tariff specified that all duties more than 20% of the value of the goods imported were to be reduced by easy stages, so that by 1842, the duties on all articles would reach the level of the moderate tariff of 1816.
South Carolina, however, had obtained many of the demands it sought and had demonstrated that a single state could force its will on Congress.
The First Bank of the United States had been established in 1791, under Alexander Hamilton's guidance and had been chartered for a 20-year period.
After the Revolutionary War, the United States had a large war debt to France and others, and the banking system of the fledgling nation was in disarray, as state banks printed their own currency, and the plethora of different bank notes made commerce difficult.
While it stabilized the currency and stimulated trade, it was resented by Westerners and workers who believed that it was granting special favors to a few powerful men.
For the next few years, the banking business was in the hands of State-Chartered banks, which issued currency in excessive amounts, creating great confusion and fueling inflation and concerns that state banks could not provide the country with a uniform currency.
The absence of a national bank during the War of 1812 greatly hindered financial operations of the government; therefore a second Bank of the United States was created in 1816.
Opponents claimed the bank possessed a virtual monopoly over the country's credit and currency, and reiterated that it represented the interests of the wealthy elite.
In the election campaign that followed, the bank question caused a fundamental division between the merchant, manufacturing and financial interests (generally creditors who favored tight money and high interest rates), and the laboring and agrarian sectors, who were often in debt to banks and therefore favored an increased money supply and lower interest rates.
Jackson saw his reelection in 1832 as a popular mandate to crush the bank irrevocably; he found a ready-made weapon in a provision of the bank's charter authorizing removal of public funds.
In September 1833 Jackson ordered that no more government money be deposited in the bank and that the money already in its custody be gradually withdrawn in the ordinary course of meeting the expenses of government.
However, a few months into his administration, the country fell into a deep economic slump known as the Panic of 1837, caused in large part by excessive speculation.
It was a devastating economic and social Catastrophe that can be compared with the panic of 1893 and the Great Depression of 1929. event with repercussions every bit as deep as the Great Depression of the 1930s.
There was an international dimension, for much of the growth In the private sector, as well as infrastructure investment by state governments (especially canals) had been financed by British capital.
The depression had its roots in Jackson's economic hard money policies that blocked investment using paper money, insisting on gold and silver.
However, his presidency would prove a non-starter when he fell ill with pneumonia and died after only a month in office.
This period of American history was marked by the destruction of some traditional roles of society and the erection of new social standards.
One of the unique aspects of the Age of Reform was that it was heavily grounded in religion, in contrast to the anti-clericalism that characterized contemporary European reformers.
It expressed Arminian theology by which every person could be saved through a direct personal confrontation with Jesus Christ during an intensely emotional revival meeting.
Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age, so that the Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
At the Rochester Revival of 1830, prominent citizens concerned with the city's poverty and absenteeism had invited Finney to the city.
As the Second Great Awakening challenged the traditional beliefs of the Calvinist faith, the movement inspired other groups to call into question their views on religion and society.
Many of these utopianist groups also believed in millennialism which prophesied the return of Christ and the beginning of a new age.
The Shakers, founded by an English immigrant to the United States Mother Ann Lee, peaked at around 6,000 in 1850 in communities from Maine to Kentucky.
The Perfectionist movement, led by John Humphrey Noyes, founded the utopian Oneida Community in 1848 with fifty-one devotees, in Oneida, New York.
The Onedia Community believed in the abolition of marriage or monogamous relationships and that sex should be free to whoever consented to it.
As opposed to 20th century social movements such as the Sexual Revolution of the 1960s, the Onedians did not seek consequence-free sex for mere pleasure, but believed that, because the logical outcome of intercourse was pregnancy, that raising children should be a communal responsibility.
After the original founders died or became elderly, their children rejected the concept of free love and returned to traditional family models.
Because of their unusual beliefs, which included recognition of the Book of Mormon as an additional book of scripture comparable to the Bible, Mormons were rejected by mainstream Christians and forced to flee en masse from upstate New York to Ohio, to Missouri and then to Nauvoo, Illinois, where Smith was killed and they were again forced to flee.
National policy was to suppress polygamy, and Utah was only admitted as a state in 1896 after The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints backtracked from Smith's demand that all the leaders practice polygamy.
For Americans wishing to bridge the gap between the earthly and spiritual worlds, spiritualism provided a means of communing with the dead.
Spiritualism would gain a much larger following after the heavy number of casualties during the Civil War; First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln was a believer.
Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson began the American transcendentalist movement in New England, to promote self-reliance and better understanding of the universe through contemplation of the over-soul.
While Emerson and Henry David Thoreau promoted the idea of independent living, George Ripley brought transcendentalists together in a phalanx at Brook Farm to live cooperatively.
In the New England states public education was common, although it was often class-based with the working class receiving little benefits.
The wealthier planter families were able to bring in tutors for instruction in the classics but many yeoman farming families had little access to education outside of the family unit.
German immigrants brought in kindergartens and the Gymnasium (school), while Yankee orators sponsored the Lyceum movement that provided popular education for hundreds of towns and small cities.
The social conscience that was raised in the early 19th century helped to elevate the awareness of mental illness and its treatment.
A leading advocate of reform for mental illness was Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts woman who made an intensive study of the conditions that the mentally ill were kept in.
Dix's report to the Massachusetts state legislature along with the development of the Kirkbride Plan helped to alleviate the miserable conditions for many of the mentally ill.
Although these facilities often fell short of their intended purpose, reformers continued to follow Dix's advocacy and call for increased study and treatment of mental illness.
Zagarri (2007) argues the Revolution created an ongoing debate on the rights of women and created an environment favorable to women's participation in politics.
During the building of the new republic, American women were able to gain a limited political voice in what is known as republican motherhood.
Under this philosophy, as promoted by leaders such as Abigail Adams, women were seen as the protectors of liberty and republicanism.
During the 1830s and 1840s, many of the changes in the status of women that occurred in the post-Revolutionary period—such as the belief in love between spouses and the role of women in the home—continued at an accelerated pace.
This was an age of reform movements, in which Americans sought to improve the moral fiber of themselves and of their nation in unprecedented numbers.
The wife's role in this process was important because she was seen as the cultivator of morality in her husband and children.
Some doctors of this period even went so far as to suggest that women should not get an education, lest they divert blood away from the uterus to the brain and produce weak children.
By 1800, many political leaders were convinced that slavery was undesirable, and should eventually be abolished, and the slaves returned to their natural homes in Africa.
The American Colonization Society, which was active in both North and South, tried to implement these ideas and established the colony of Liberia in Africa as a means to repatriate slaves out of white society.
His advocacy of women's rights and inclusion of women in the leadership of the Society caused a rift within the movement.
Rejecting Garrison's idea that abolition and women's rights were connected Lewis Tappan broke with the Society and formed the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.
The anger over abolition even spilled over into Congress where a gag rule was instituted to prevent any discussion of slavery on the floor of either chamber.
Most whites viewed African-Americans as an inferior race and had little taste for abolitionists, often assuming that all were like Garrison.
African-Americans had little freedom even in states where slavery was not permitted, being shunned by whites, subjected to discriminatory laws, and often forced to compete with Irish immigrants for menial, low-wage jobs.
In the South meanwhile, planters argued that slavery was necessary to operate their plantations profitably and that emancipated slaves would attempt to Africanize the country as they had done in Haiti.
By far the most prominent spokesperson for abolition in the African American community was Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave whose eloquent condemnations of slavery drew both crowds of supporters as well as threats against his life.
Garrison along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were so appalled that women were not allowed to participate at the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London that they called for a women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York.
This new polemic squarely blamed men for all the restrictions of women's role, and argued that the relationship between the sexes was one-sided, controlling and oppressive.
Groups such as the American Temperance Society condemned liquor as being a scourge on society and urged temperance among their followers.
The state of Maine attempted in 1851 to ban alcohol sales and production entirely, but it met resistance and was abandoned.
Second, improvements were made to industrial processes such as the use of interchangeable parts and railroads to ship goods more quickly.
The steady expansion and rapid population growth of the United States after 1815 contrasted sharply with static European societies, as visitors described the rough, sometimes violent, but on the whole hugely optimistic and forward-looking attitude of most Americans.
While land ownership was something most Europeans could only dream of, contemporary accounts show that the average American farmer owned his land and fed his family far more than European peasants, and could make provisions for land for his children.
Europeans commonly talked of the egalitarianism of American society, which had no landed nobility and which theoretically allowed anyone regardless of birth to become successful.
For example, in Germany, the universities, the bureaucracy and the army officers required high family status; in Britain rich families purchased commissions in the army for their sons for tens of thousands of pounds.
Poor boys of the 1850s like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were two of the richest men in the world by 1900.
Historians have emphasized that upward social mobility came in small steps over time, and over generations, with the Carnegie-like rags-to-riches scenario a rare one.
Some ethnic groups (like Yankees, Irish and Jews) prized upward mobility, and emphasized education as the fastest route; other groups (such as Germans, Poles and Italians) emphasized family stability and home ownership more.
With the defeat of the eastern Indians in the War of 1812, American settlers moved in great numbers into the rich farmlands of the Midwest.
After the demise of the fur trade, they established trading posts throughout the west, continued trade with the Indians and served as guides and hunters for the western migration of settlers to Utah and the Pacific coast.
Whigs welcomed most of the changes wrought by industrialization but advocated strong government policies that would guide growth and development within the country's existing boundaries; they feared (correctly) that expansion raised a contentious issue the extension of slavery to the territories.
... For many Democrats, the answer to the nation's social ills was to continue to follow Thomas Jefferson's vision of establishing agriculture in the new territories in order to counterbalance industrialization.
It was also used to threaten war with Britain, but President Polk negotiated a compromise that divided the Oregon Country half and half.
After a bitter debate in Congress the Republic of Texas was voluntarily annexed in 1845, which Mexico had repeatedly warned meant war.
In May 1846, Congress declared war on Mexico after Mexican troops massacred a U.S. Army detachment in a disputed unsettled area.
The U.S. Army, augmented by tens of thousands of volunteers, under the command of General Zachary Taylor defeated Santa Anna's in northern Mexico while other American forces quickly took possession of New Mexico and California.
It recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary of Texas and ceded what is now the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico to the United States, while also paying Mexico $15,000,000 for the territory.
In the presidential election of 1848, Zachary Taylor ran as a Whig and won easily when the Democrats split, even though he was an apolitical military man who never voted in his life.
With Texas and Florida having been admitted to the union as slave states in 1845, California was entered as a free state in 1850 after its state convention unanimously voted to ban slavery.
Güssing, a major town in south Burgenland, a district comprising around 27,000 inhabitants, is the first community in the European Union to produce its whole energy demand – electricity, heating/cooling, fuels – out of renewable resources, all resources from within the region.
However, to appreciate the enormity of this achievement, you need to rewind and go back to 1988 when Güssing was one of the poorest regions in Austria.
On account of the geographically unfavourable location near the border, major trade or industrial businesses did not exist at that time and the whole district did not have any transportation infrastructure at all (neither railroad nor highway).
This resulted in a scarcity of jobs, 70% weekly commuters to Vienna and a high rate of migration to other regions.
So they wanted to keep that € 6 Million (value for 1992, based on conventional energy prices of that year) in the city.
The objective was to supply, in a first step, the town of Güssing and subsequently the whole district with regionally available renewable energy sources.
The election of the town's current mayor, Peter Vadasz, in 1992 accelerated the process, particularly when he appointed Reinhard Koch, an electrical engineer and native of Güssing, to assess how the town could benefit from its natural resources, i.e.
In 1998, Koch and Vadasz saw a presentation by a Viennese scientist, Hermann Hofbauer, about a technology he had developed to make an alternative fuel from wood.
They asked Hofbauer and Vienna's Technical University to build a pilot project in Güssing applying the technology, where wood chips are gasified under high temperature conditions.
A special scheme (very easy – stable energy prices, not linked to oil & gas, guaranteed long-term, 10–15 years) promoting the establishment of enterprises in the area has brought 50 new enterprises with more than 1,000 direct and indirect jobs in the city.
Güssing has since developed into an important location for industries with high energy consumption, such as parquetry production or hardwood drying.
The real highlight is the Blue Chip Energy, first high-efficiency solar cell production in Austria, a joint venture with Solon AG, who came to Güssing only because they can power the plant with clean energy from the renewable resources.
The town is conscious about the resources and is keen to take care and look after the surrounding forest to ensure they have a good supply of renewable energy for the future.
Added to which, the town is currently using less than half of its yearly wood growth supply to feed its power plants.
Within the process of becoming energy autonomous city, a number of proprietary technologies and patents developed, to be applied in different fields, such as photovoltaic, biomass, etc.
Also, extensive experience in analysis, preparation and implementation of such projects was accumulated, that experience to be given to other cities and communities willing to go the same renewable way.
Significant power plants include a 2 MW electric power 4.5 MW thermic wood gas generator power plant in Güssing and, in nearby Strem, a 0.5 MW electric power 0.5 MW thermic biomass gasification power plant using green silage re-growing raw materials like grass, clover, mains, sunflower.
Visitors flock from around the world to gain inspiration from the town and keen to stay true to their eco-friendly roots, guests can stay in hotels that are heated and electrically powered all by renewables.
Calcflinta is also found, for example, around the northwest margin of the Dartmoor granite in England, and on King Island in Tasmania.
The South Fork of the Grand River is a tributary of the Grand River, approximately 90 mi (145 km) long, in South Dakota in the United States.
It rises in the Badlands of northwestern South Dakota, south of the Cave Hills in western Harding County, and flows east past Buffalo, then past several units of the Grand River National Grassland in northern Perkins County.
It joins the North Fork in the Shadehill Reservoir near to form the Grand, which is a tributary of the Missouri.
John Dixwell (1607 – 18 March 1689) was an English man who sat in Parliament, fought for the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War, and was one of the Commissioners who sat in judgement on King Charles I and condemned him to death.
At the Restoration he fled to Connecticut where he lived out the rest of his life as John Davids untroubled by the authorities who thought him dead.
He was the younger son of Edward Dixwell, but was raised by his uncle Basil Dixwell of Broome Park, near Canterbury in Kent.
He became a colonel in the Parliamentary army and was active on various county committees, and was elected to the Long Parliament of 1640 as MP for Dover.
He assumed the name John Davids and was reunited in 1664 with two other men likewise condemned, William Goffe and Edward Whalley, who had found refuge in Hadley, Massachusetts.
After a reward was offered for their arrest, they pretended to flee to New York City, but instead returned by a roundabout way to New Haven.
In May, the Royal order for their arrest reached Boston, and was sent by the Governor to William Leete, Governor of the New Haven Colony, residing at Guilford.
Dixwell was not the subject of any searches or arrest warrants, as it was believed in England that he was dead.
Dixwell died in New Haven in March 1689, a month after the House of Commons of England had approved a Declaration of Right (the precursor of the Bill of Rights 1689) following the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
The three regicides are commemorated by three intersecting streets in New Haven (Dixwell Avenue, Whalley Avenue, and Goffe Street ), and by place names in other Connecticut towns.
His second marriage, in 1677, was to Bathsheba (or Bathshua) Howe, with whom he had a son, John, and two daughters (Elizabeth, who died in infancy, and Mary, who married John Collins of Middletown in 1707).. A Harvard College Class of 1796 graduate and a maternal descendant of Dixwell named John Hunt legally changed his name to that of his ancestor John Dixwell in 1804.
It consists of two united communities: Mitterpullendorf and Oberpullendorf, and is also the capital of the same called administrative district of Oberpullendorf.
It is surrounded by the communities of Stoob to the north, Großwarasdorf to the east, Frankenau-Unterpullendorf to the south, and Steinberg-Dörfl to the west.
Traditionally Oberpullendorf was the seat of several noble families, among them the Counts Cseszneky de Milvány and the Barons Rohonczy de Felsőpulya.
Despite diplomatic efforts by Hungary, the victorious parties of World War I set the date of Burgenland's official unification with Austria as August 28, 1921.
Above that, a golden lion facing to the right is holding a golden sword and in the background a golden ploughshare is situated, which is accompanied by two golden ears of corn.
The parish council consists of 23 mandates - of which the ÖVP (Austrian People's Party) is holding 12 mandates, the SPÖ (Social Democratic Party) has 10 mandates and Die Grünen (Green Party of Austria) have 1 mandate (since 2007).
Neusiedl am See (, , , ) is a town in Burgenland, Austria, and administrative center of the district of Neusiedl am See.
Neusiedl in 1683 was in the wake of the second Turkish siege, and in 1708 the town was devastated by the Kuruc.
After the end of World War I, it was awarded after tough negotiations, German West Hungary in the Treaty of St. Germain and Trianon, Austria 1919.
The town has produced few notable figures, one exception is the experimental guitarist and composer, Christian Fennesz, known for his swirling, spatial works and collaboration with Japanese pianist Ryuichi Sakamoto.
The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) as part of the English Reformation.
The Settlement shaped the theology and liturgy of the Church of England and was important to the development of Anglicanism as a distinct Christian tradition.
When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of constant religious change during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII separated the English Church from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the Pope.
During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy, but in Mary's reign, England was re-united with the Catholic Church and Protestantism was suppressed.
The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, with Parliament conferring on Elizabeth the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
The modifications included giving individuals greater latitude concerning belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist and permission to use traditional priestly vestments.
In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles was adopted as a confessional statement for the church, and a Book of Homilies was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail.
Within the Church of England, Puritans pressed to remove what they considered papist abuses from the church's liturgy and to replace bishops with a presbyterian system of church government.
After Elizabeth's death, the Puritans were challenged by a high church, Arminian party that gained power during the reign of Charles I.
The English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy allowed the Puritans to pursue their reform agenda and the dismantling of the Elizabethan Settlement.
After his wife, Catherine of Aragon, failed to produce a male heir, Henry applied to the Pope for an annulment of his marriage.
When his request was denied, Henry separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and claimed that he, rather than the Pope, was its Supreme Head on earth.
Justification by faith alone was a central teaching, in contrast to the Catholic teaching that the contrite person could cooperate with God towards their salvation by performing good works.
The Mass, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of Christ's crucifixion.
She disliked married clergy, held Lutheran views on Eucharistic presence, and there is evidence she preferred the more ceremonial 1549 Prayer Book.
At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host.
Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the English Litany.
When the Queen's first Parliament opened in January 1559, its chief goal was the difficult task of reaching a religious settlement.
Twenty bishops (all Roman Catholics) sat in the House of Lords as Lords Spiritual, and the Lords in general were opposed to change.
In February, the House of Commons passed a Reformation Bill that would restore royal supremacy as well as the 1550 Ordinal and a slightly revised 1552 Prayer Book.
It was not popular with the clergy, and the Convocation of Canterbury reacted by affirming papal supremacy, transubstantiation and the Mass as a sacrificial offering.
The Ordinal and Prayer Book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing communion under both kinds.
The Pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of Supreme Head, it merely said she could adopt it herself.
This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died.
At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one on royal supremacy and the other on a Protestant liturgy.
Under this bill, the Pope's jurisdiction in England was once again abolished, and Elizabeth was to be Supreme Governor of the Church of England instead of Supreme Head.
The alternative title was less offensive to Catholic members of Parliament, but this was unlikely to have been the only reason for the alteration.
Under the bill, only opinions contrary to Scripture, the General Councils of the early church, and any future Parliament could be treated as heresy by the Crown's ecclesiastical commissioners.
Another bill introduced to the same Parliament with the intent to return Protestant practices to legal dominance was the Uniformity bill, which sought to restore the 1552 Prayer Book as the official liturgy.
Bishop Goldwell of St Asaph was never summoned to Parliament, and the elderly Bishop Tunstall of Durham was excused from attending on account of age.
It also deleted the Black Rubric, which in the 1552 book explained that kneeling for communion did not imply Eucharistic adoration.
Since the Act of Uniformity 1549 which approved the first Prayer Book was passed in January, it is likely that the provisions of the 1549 Prayer Book were intended, even though Edward's second year ended several months before the book was published.
The most significant revision was a change to the Communion Service that added the words for administering sacramental bread and wine from the 1549 Prayer Book to the words in the 1552 book.
This combination could be interpreted as an affirmation of an objective real presence to those who believed in it, while others could interpret it to mean memorialism.
This theory has been challenged by Christopher Haigh, who argues that Elizabeth wanted radical reform but was pushed in a conservative direction by the House of Lords.
He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from reformed Zurich.
In 1559, Elizabeth was still unsure of the theological orientation of her Protestant subjects, and she did not want to offend the Lutheran rulers of northern Europe by veering too far into the Reformed camp.
The remaining bishops were all Catholics appointed during Mary's reign, and Elizabeth's advisers hoped they could be persuaded to continue serving.
Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished Anthony Kitchin of Llandaff and the absentee Thomas Stanley of Sodor and Man) lost their posts.
Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford.
These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners.
All of the leading clergymen were Protestants and former exiles (Robert Horne, Thomas Becon, Thomas Bentham, John Jewel, Edwin Sandys, and Richard Davies), and they interpreted the injunctions in the most Protestant way possible.
According to the injunctions, church images that were superstitiously abused were condemned as idolatry, but the commissioners mandated the destruction of all pictures and images.
Across the nation, parishes paid to have roods, images and altar tabernacles removed, which they had only recently paid to restore under Queen Mary.
They would spend more money on buying Bibles and Prayer Books and replacing chalices with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation).
In 1560, the bishops specified that the cope should be worn when administering the Lord's Supper and the surplice at all other times.
These included injunctions allowing processions to take place at Rogationtide and requirements that clergy receive permission to marry from the bishop and two justices of the peace.
A year later, the Queen herself ordered the demolition of all lofts, but the rood beams were to remain on which the royal arms were to be displayed.
Many did so out of sympathy with traditional Catholic religion, while others waited to see if this religious settlement was permanent before taking expensive action.
The bishops thought that Catholicism was widespread among the old clergy, but priests were rarely removed because of a clergy shortage that began with an influenza epidemic in 1558.
It was given statutory force by the Subscription Act, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement.
The forced impressment of boys for service as singers in St. Paul's Cathedral and the royal chapel continued during this period.
The settlement of 1559 had given Protestants control of the Church of England, but matters were different at the parish level, where Catholic priests and traditional laity held large majorities.
The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity.
In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority.
From there they wrote and published a large body of Catholic polemical work to counter Protestantism, particularly Thomas Harding, Richard Smyth, and William Allen.
In 1568, the English College at Douai was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England.
Wealthy church papists attended their parish church but had Mass at home or hired two chaplains, one to perform the Prayer Book service and the other to perform the Mass.
The discovery of the Ridolfi plot–a Catholic conspiracy to overthrow Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne–further alarmed the English government.
However, it had two major weaknesses: membership loss as church papists conformed fully to the Church of England, and a shortage of priests.
In 1581, a new law made it treason to be absolved from schism and reconciled with Rome and the fine for recusancy was increased to £20 per month (50 times an artisan's wage).
Afterwards, executions of Catholic priests became more common, and in 1585, it became treason for a Catholic priest to enter the country, as well as for anyone to aid or shelter him.
As the older generation of recusant priests died out, Roman Catholicism collapsed among the lower classes in the north, west and in Wales.
Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others.
In England, however, Protestants were forced to operate within a church structure unchanged since medieval times with the same threefold orders of bishop, priest and deacon along with church courts that continued to use medieval canon law.
There were objections over the Prayer Book, including certain formulas and responses, the sign of the cross in baptism, the surplice and use of a wedding ring in marriage.
This was particularly evident between 1565 and 1567 during the Vestments controversy over the refusal of some clergy to wear the clerical dress required by the Royal Injunctions.
For many Protestants, clerical vestments symbolised a continued belief in a priestly order separate from the congregation, and could be interpreted by Catholics as affirmation of traditional doctrines.
In general, the bishops considered clerical dress adiaphora and tried to find compromise, but the Queen believed that the church—and herself as Supreme Governor—had authority to determine rites and ceremonies.
In the end, Archbishop Parker issued a code of discipline for the clergy called the Advertisements, and the most popular and effective Protestant preachers were suspended for non-compliance.
These Puritans were not without influence, enjoying the support of powerful men such as the Earl of Leicester, Walter Mildmay, Francis Walsingham, the Earl of Warwick and William Cecil.
In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 4th Parliament that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 Prayer Book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch stranger church liturgies.
By 1572, the debate between Puritans and conformists had entered a new phase—church government had replaced vestments as the major issue.
John Whitgift of Cambridge University, a leading advocate for conformity, published a reply in October 1572, and he and Cartwright subsequently entered into a pamphlet war.
The Admonition Controversy was not a disagreement over soteriology—both Cartwright and Whitgift believed in predestination and that human works played no role in salvation.
The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government.
In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the Prayer Book with the service book used in Geneva.
In response, a group of conformists including Richard Bancroft, John Bridges, Matthew Sutcliffe, Thomas Bilson, and Hadrian Saravia began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law.
The Church of Scotland was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the Book of Common Order.
James was himself a moderate Calvinist, and the Puritans hoped the King would move the English Church in the Scottish direction.
James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the Five Articles of Perth, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church.
The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 King James Version.
While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts.
The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop Lancelot Andrewes disagreed with many aspects of the Reformed tradition, especially its teaching on predestination.
James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign.
Due to their belief in free will, this new faction is known as the Arminian party, but their high church orientation was more controversial.
Laudianism, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to.
The English Civil War resulted in the overthrow of Charles I, and a Puritan dominated Parliament began to dismantle the Elizabethan Settlement.
Around 900 ministers refused to subscribe to the new Prayer Book and were removed from their positions, an event known as the Great Ejection.
It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters.
Oberwart ( ; ) is a town in Burgenland in southeast Austria on the banks of the Pinka River, and the capital of the district of the same name.
Oberwart is the cultural capital of the small ethnic Hungarian minority in Burgenland, living in the Upper Őrség or Wart microregion.
In the Age of Counter-Reformation, most of the region had to return to Roman Catholic faith, but the free noble village of Felsőőr remained Calvinist.
The villagers participated in the Hungarian national uprising of István Bocskay in 1605, and of Count Francis II Rákóczi in 1705.
In the time of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the villagers defeated (with the help of a Hussar troop) a smaller Croatian army.
Some typical family names were: Ádám, Adorján, Albert, Andorkó, Balás, Bertha, Bertók, Fábián, Fülöp, Gál, Imre, Kázmér, Miklós, Orbán, Pál, Pongrácz, etc.
According to the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, Felsőőr was annexed by Austria, but the Hungarian population opposed the decision and organised a movement to establish the autonomous province of Lajtabánság.
In the course of the 20th century a language shift occurred in local population, changing the use of Hungarian to German.
Magyars lost their historical majority in Felsőőr/Oberwart but the town remained the most important Hungarian educational, religious and cultural centre in Burgenland.
The Christian Reading Club of Young Men (founded in 1889) is an important cultural association of the Hungarian minority with a library, folk dance group and theater group.
The Hungarian kindergarten was reestablished after World War II in 1951 and a new Bilingual Secondary School was set up in 1992.
The neighbourhood is the oldest part of the town with narrow lanes and more than one hundred old houses which are typical examples of the rural architecture of the Felső-Őrség.
The main feature of the old arms - the figure of the frontier-guard - was kept but the details changed and the inscription disappeared.
The population of the town increased continuously during the last 150 years with only two smaller setbacks caused by World War I and World War II.
Hungarians were the most populous ethnicity until 1951 when German speaking people were recorded for the first time as the largest group.
In the second half of the 20th century they decreased both in numbers and percentage, reaching the lowest point in 1971 with only 204 people.
In May and June 1912, Mann visited her and became acquainted with the team of doctors and patients in this cosmopolitan institution.
He was also drawn to speculate about more general questions related to personal attitudes to life, health, illness, sexuality and mortality.
Mann's vast composition is erudite, subtle, ambitious, but, most of all, ambiguous; since its original publication it has been subject to a variety of critical assessments.
Given this complexity, each reader is obliged to interpret the significance of the pattern of events in the narrative, a task made more difficult by the author's irony.
Following the early death of his parents, Castorp has been brought up by his grandfather and later, by a maternal uncle named James Tienappel.
Before beginning work, he undertakes a journey to visit his tubercular cousin, Joachim Ziemssen, who is seeking a cure in a sanatorium in Davos, high up in the Swiss Alps.
What at first appears to be a minor bronchial infection with slight fever is diagnosed by the sanatorium's chief doctor and director, Hofrat Behrens, as symptoms of tuberculosis.
These include Lodovico Settembrini (an Italian humanist and encyclopedist, a student of Giosuè Carducci); Leo Naphta, Jewish Jesuit who favors totalitarianism; Mynheer Peeperkorn, a dionysian Dutchman; and his romantic interest, Madame Clawdia Chauchat.
Also embedded within this vast novel are extended reflections on the experience of time, music, nationalism, sociological issues and changes in the natural world.
He also alludes to the irrational forces within the human psyche, at a time when Freudian psychoanalysis was becoming a prominent type of treatment.
Mann acknowledged his debt to the skeptical insights of Friedrich Nietzsche concerning modern humanity, and he drew from these in creating discussion between the characters.
Throughout the book the author employs the discussion with and between Settembrini, Naphta and the medical staff to introduce the young Castorp to a wide spectrum of competing ideologies about responses to the Age of Enlightenment.
The disease ends fatally for many of the patients, such as the Catholic girl Barbara Hujus whose fear of death is heightened in a harrowing Viaticum scene, and cousin Ziemssen who leaves this world like an ancient hero.
Besides the deaths from fatal illness, two characters commit suicide, and finally Castorp goes off to fight in World War I, and it is implied that he will be killed on the battlefield.
As Hans Castorp once says to Madame Chauchat, there are two ways to life: One is the common, direct, and brave.
The narrative is ordered chronologically but it accelerates throughout the novel, so that the first five chapters relate only the first of Castorp’s seven years at the sanatorium in great detail; the remaining six years, marked by monotony and routine, are described in the last two chapters.
The characters also reflect on the problems of narration and time, about the correspondence between the length of a narrative and the duration of the events it describes.
Mann also meditates upon the interrelationship between the experience of time and space; of time seeming to pass more slowly when one doesn't move in space.
This aspect of the novel mirrors contemporary philosophical and scientific debates which are embodied in Heidegger's writings and Einstein's theory of relativity, in which space and time are inseparable.
There, in a grotesque scene named after Walpurgis Night, the setting is transformed into the Blocksberg, where according to German tradition, witches and wizards meet in obscene revelry.
The x-ray laboratory in the cellar represents the Hades of Greek mythology, where Medical Director Behrens acts as the judge and punisher Rhadamanthys and where Castorp is a fleeting visitor, like Odysseus.
Hans Castorp loved music from his heart; it worked upon him much the same way as did his breakfast porter, with deeply soothing, narcotic effect, tempting him to doze.
In the book's final scene, Castorp, now an ordinary soldier on Germany's western front in World War I, hums the last-mentioned song of Franz Schubert to himself as his unit advances in battle.
However, he remains pale and mediocre, representing a German bourgeois that is torn between conflicting influences – capable of the highest humanistic ideals, yet at the same time prone to both stubborn philistinism and radical ideologies.
In a way, Hans Castorp can be seen as the incorporation of the young Weimar Republic: Both humanism and radicalism, represented by Settembrini and Naphta, try to win his favour, but Castorp is unable to decide.
His body temperature is a subtle metaphor for his lack of clarity: Following Schiller’s theory of fever, Castorp’s temperature is 37.6°C, which is neither healthy nor ill, but an intermediate point.
Furthermore the outside temperature in Castorp's residence is out of balance: it is either too warm or too cold and tends to extremes (e.g.
He tries to counter Castorp's morbid fascination with death and disease, warns him against the ill Madame Chauchat, and tries to demonstrate a positive outlook on life.
However, while the novel was written, Mann himself became an outspoken supporter of the Weimar Republic, which may explain why Settembrini, especially in the later chapters, becomes the authorial voice.
The female promise of sensual pleasure as hindrance to male zest for action imitates the themes from the Circe mythos and in the nymphs in Wagner's Venus Mountain.
Clawdia Chauchat leaves the Berghof for some time, but she returns with an impressive companion, Mynheer Peeperkorn, who suffers from a tropical disease.
Mynheer Peeperkorn, Clawdia Chauchat's new lover, enters the Berghof scenery rather late; but he is certainly one of the most-dominating persons of the novel.
By Mynheer Peeperkorn the author of the novel simultaneously personalizes his rival, the influential German poet Gerhart Hauptmann, and even certain properties of Goethe (with whom Hauptmann often was compared).
Joachim Ziemssen, Hans Castorp's cousin, is described as a young person representing the ideals of loyalty and faithfulness as an officer.
But, in contrast to Hans Castorp, who is an assertive person on the Berghof scene, Joachim Ziemssen is rather shy, known to stand somehow outside of the community.
It is the centre of the City Municipality of Murska Sobota near the Mura River in the region of Prekmurje and is the regional capital.
It was also part of the Balatin Sanjak, which belonged at first to the Budin Eyalet, later the Kanije Eyaleti, before the Treaty of Karlowitz.
Murska Sobota used to be Yugoslavia's northernmost city, and throughout history it has shifted across borders between Slovenia, Yugoslavia, and Hungary.
In 1991, during the Ten-Day War between Slovenia and the Yugoslav Federal Army, Murska Sobota was bombed from the air, with no casualties or visible damage.
In April 2006, the city became the see of the newly created Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota, which is a suffragan to the archdiocese of Maribor.
It was consecrated on 31 August 1908 and demolished in 1954 by the local communist authorities after they purchased the building from a decimated Jewish community.
On 26 April 1944, all of the Jews were ordered to gather in the Murska Sobota synagogue, with hand luggage only.
There, they were locked up overnight without food or water, and the next morning all the Jews of Murska Sobota were transferred to Čakovec and then to Nagykanizsa, the main concentration camp before their final destination of Auschwitz.
Bower was born John William Kiszkan into a Ukrainian Canadian family in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, to Johnny Kiszkan, a labourer born Dymtro Kiszkan, and his wife, Lizzie, nee Jacobson.
He taught himself how to play hockey, using a branch as a stick, and made himself goalie pads out of old mattresses.
When he was 15, he lied about his age and enlisted in the Canadian Army during World War II; from 1940 to 1943 he was stationed in England as a gunner with the 2nd Canadian Division.
In 1945, he turned professional in the American Hockey League (AHL), where he spent eleven seasons playing mostly for the Cleveland Barons in the late 1940s and 1950s.
In the AHL, he proved himself the star goaltender of the circuit, winning numerous awards and leading his teams to three Calder Cup championships.
Bower made his debut in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New York Rangers in , at the age of 29.
He played there for four more years with three teams, the Providence Reds, the Vancouver Canucks and the Cleveland Barons, and was called up briefly by the Rangers in and .
The Leafs at this time were an up-and-coming team of young star players, and after Imlach traded for Red Kelly, the Leafs were ready for contention.
He was known for his hard-nosed, scrappy playing style and helped the Leafs win another Stanley Cup in 1967 with another Hall of Famer, Terry Sawchuk.
On April 6, 1969, at the age of 44 years, 4 months, and 29 days, Bower became the oldest goaltender to play in a Stanley Cup playoff game (Lester Patrick had previously held that distinction).
He played his last game on December 10, 1969, a 6–3 loss to Montreal; mainly due to injuries, this was his only game of the 1969–70 season.
At the time, he was the oldest full-time player ever to participate in an NHL game, and remains the second-oldest goaltender (45 years, 1 month, 2 days), behind only Maurice Roberts; he was surpassed as oldest full-time player by Gordie Howe, Chris Chelios, and Jaromír Jágr.
He retired in 1990, but continued to make public appearances on behalf of the organization for the rest of his life.
Bower was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1976, and to the AHL Hall of Fame as a member of its inaugural class in 2006.
He was inducted into the Etobicoke Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, and into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1999.
He was married to Nancy and had a son, two daughters, eight grandchildren and six great-grandchildren, and resided in Mississauga, Ontario.
After a city park near his house was renamed in his honour, he would routinely clean litter there, and feed the birds.
In 2005, the Royal Canadian Mint featured Bower on a non-circulating fifty-cent coin, as part of its four-coin Legends of the Toronto Maple Leafs coin set.
On September 6, 2014, the Maple Leafs named him and Darryl Sittler two of the first three inductees of Legends Row (Ted Kennedy had been inducted some months earlier), with statues outside Air Canada Centre of twelve of the greatest players in Maple Leafs history.
In the days following Bower's death, many teams, including theMaple Leafs, Winnipeg Jets, Arizona Coyotes and Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association honoured Bower with pre-game tributes.
The event was attended by thousands, including various NHL alumni, members of the current Maple Leafs team and other major figures.
The memorial was televised across several channels in Canada, and in accordance with the event, Toronto Mayor John Tory declared January 3 to be Johnny Bower Day in the city of Toronto.
Bower was the first goaltender to employ the poke check, an aggressive move whereby the goalie uses his stick to poke the puck away from an attacking player, sometimes leaving his crease to do so.
The area is known to have been populated since the paleolithic era due to the discovery of a cave settlement near the town of Postojna called Betal Rock Shelter ().
It was under Italian rule between 1918 and 1943 (nominally to 1947) and was part of the province of Trieste as Postumia.
Within the urban area of Postojna, the church dedicated to the Prophet Daniel in the hamlet of Zalog and the chapel dedicated to Saint Lazarus at the town cemetery also belong to this parish.
On April 26, 1944, all of the Jews of the town were deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp, from which none of them returned.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Ladislaus and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota.
Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault.
Production of landing craft peaked during World War II, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.
Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow.
The control point (too rudimentary to call a bridge on LCA and similar craft) was normally at the extreme rear of the vessel, as were the engines.
These rowing boats were sufficient, if inefficient, in an era when marines were effectively light infantry, participating mostly in small-scale campaigns in far-flung colonies against less well-equipped indigenous opponents.
They transported 1,200 men in the first landing and took on board 600 men in less than 2 hours for the second landing.
Initial landings during the Gallipoli campaign took place in unmodified rowing boats that were extremely vulnerable to attack from the Turkish shore defenses.
The first use took place after they had been towed to the Aegean and performed successfully in the 6 August landing at Suvla Bay of IX Corps, commanded by Commander Edward Unwin.
A plan was devised to land British heavy tanks from pontoons in support of the Third Battle of Ypres, but this was abandoned.
These, however, proved too small and unseaworthy for their intended Black sea theater — they were intended for the planned Marmara Sea landings.
These were typically very light at the bow, having all their machinery concentrated at the stern, which allowed easy beaching on any gently sloping coast, and often were equipped with a bow ramp for fast unloading.
With a 1.8 m loaded draft, and equipped with the ballast tanks and reinforced hull for safe beaching, they were able to land 1000 troops with their train at virtually any available beach.
While the landings for which they were created never happened, the ships themselves turned out quite useful and had a long career, supporting the Caucasus Campaign and later as minesweepers, gunboats and utility transports.
During the inter-war period, the combination of the negative experience at Gallipoli and economic stringency contributed to the delay in procuring equipment and adopting a universal doctrine for amphibious operations in the Royal Navy.
Despite this outlook, the British produced the Motor Landing Craft in 1920, based on their experience with the early 'Beetle' armoured transport.
To prevent fouling of the propellers in a craft destined to spend time in surf and possibly be beached, a crude waterjet propulsion system was devised by White's designers.
A Hotchkiss petrol engine drove a centrifugal pump which produced a jet of water, pushing the craft ahead or astern, and steering it, according to how the jet was directed.
The United States revived and experimented in their approach to amphibious warfare between 1913 and mid-1930s, when the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps became interested in setting up advanced bases in opposing countries during wartime; the prototype advanced base force officially evolved into the Fleet Marine Force (FMF) in 1933.
In 1939, during the annual Fleet Landing Exercises, the FMF became interested in the military potential of Andrew Higgins's design of a powered, shallow-draught boat.
Soon, the Higgins boats were developed to a final design with a ramp - the LCVP, and were produced in large numbers.
Its specifications were to weigh less than ten long tons, to be able to carry the thirty-one men of a British Army platoon and five assault engineers or signallers, and to be so shallow drafted as to be able to land them, wet only up to their knees, in eighteen inches of water.
All of these specifications made the Landing Craft Assault; a separate set of requirements were laid down for a vehicle and supplies carrier, although previously the two roles had been combined in the Motor Landing Craft.
All landing craft designs must find a compromise between two divergent priorities; the qualities that make a good sea boat are opposite to those that make a craft suitable for beaching.
The Landing Craft Assault remained the most common British and Commonwealth landing craft of World War II, and the humblest vessel admitted to the books of the Royal Navy on D-Day.
The Landing Craft Infantry was a stepped up amphibious assault ship, developed in response to a British request for a vessel capable of carrying and landing substantially more troops than the smaller Landing Craft Assault (LCA).
The result was a small steel ship that could land 200 troops, traveling from rear bases on its own bottom at a speed of up to .
This was changed shortly after initial use of these ships, when it was discovered that many missions would require overnight accommodations.
Following the Inter-Service Training and Development Centre ’s (ISTDC) successful development of the infantry carrying LCA, attention turned to the means of efficiently delivering a tank to a beach in 1938.
The army wanted to be able to land a 12-ton tank, but the ISTDC, anticipating weight increases in future tank models specified 16 tons burthen for Mechanised Landing Craft designs.
Constructed of steel and selectively clad with armour plate, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat with a crew of 6, could ferry a tank of 16 long tons to shore at 7 knots (13 km/h).
Depending on the weight of the tank to be transported the craft might be lowered into the water by its davits already loaded or could have the tank placed in it after being lowered into the water.
Although the Royal Navy had the Landing Craft Mechanised at its disposal, in 1940, Prime Minister Winston Churchill demanded an amphibious vessel capable of landing at least three 36-ton heavy tanks directly onto a beach, able to sustain itself at sea for at least a week, and inexpensive and easy to build.
Admiral Maund, Director of the Inter-Service Training and Development Centre (which had developed the Landing Craft Assault), gave the job to naval architect Sir Roland Baker, who within three days completed initial drawings for a landing craft with a beam and a shallow draft.
Ship builders Fairfields and John Brown agreed to work out details for the design under the guidance of the Admiralty Experimental Works at Haslar.
Tank tests with models soon determined the characteristics of the craft, indicating that it would make on engines delivering about .
The Mark 4 was slightly shorter and lighter than the Mk.3, but had a much wider beam () and was intended for cross channel operations as opposed to seagoing use.
When tested in early assault operations, like the ill-fated Allied raid on Dieppe in 1942, the lack of manoeuvring ability led to the preference for a shorter overall length in future variants, most of which were built in the United States.
When the United States entered the war in December 1941, the U.S. Navy had no amphibious vessels at all, and found itself obliged to consider British designs already in existence.
The Bureau of Ships quickly set about drawing up plans for landing craft based on Barnaby's suggestions, although with only one ramp.
The result, in early 1942, was the LCT Mark 5, a craft that could accommodate five 30-ton or four 40-ton tanks or 150 tons of cargo.
This 286-ton landing craft could be shipped to combat areas in three separate water-tight sections aboard a cargo ship or carried pre-assembled on the flat deck of a Landing Ship, Tank (LST).
The Mk.5 would be launched by heeling the LST on its beam to let the craft slide off its chocks into the sea, or cargo ships could lower each of the three sections into the sea where they were joined together.
A further development was the Landing Ship, Tank designation, built to support amphibious operations by carrying significant quantities of vehicles, cargo, and landing troops directly onto an unimproved shore.
The British evacuation from Dunkirk in 1940 demonstrated to the Admiralty that the Allies needed relatively large, ocean-going ships capable of shore-to-shore delivery of tanks and other vehicles in amphibious assaults upon the continent of Europe.
To carry 13 Churchill infantry tanks, 27 vehicles and nearly 200 men (in addition to the crew) at a speed of 18 knots, it could not have the shallow draught that would have made for easy unloading.
The LST(2) design incorporated elements of the first British LCTs from their designer, Sir Rowland Baker, who was part of the British delegation.
Congress provided the authority for the construction of LSTs along with a host of other auxiliaries, destroyer escorts, and assorted landing craft.
Such a high priority was assigned to the construction of LSTs that the previously laid keel of an aircraft carrier was hastily removed to make room for several LSTs to be built in her place.
The keel of the first LST was laid down on 10 June 1942 at Newport News, Va., and the first standardized LSTs were floated out of their building dock in October.
Lightly armored, they could steam cross the ocean with a full load on their own power, carrying infantry, tanks and supplies directly onto the beaches.
Together with 2,000 other landing craft, the LSTs gave the troops a protected, quick way to make combat landings, beginning in summer 1943.
Their main job was to find and follow the safe routes in to the beach, which were lanes that had been cleared of obstacles and mines.
The first LSD came from a design by Sir Roland Baker and was an answer to the problem of launching small craft rapidly.
The Landing Ship Gantry was a converted tanker with a crane to transfer its cargo of landing craft from deck to sea - 15 LCM in a little over half an hour.
Opening a stern door and flooding special compartments opened this area to the sea so that LCI-sized vessels could enter or leave.
It took one and a half hours for the dock to be flooded down and two and half to pump it out.
In addition, three British-built LSTs were named: , and ; these were all larger than the U.S. design and had proper funnels.
It was soon realized that battleships, cruisers and destroyers could not necessarily provide all the fire support (including suppressive fire) that an amphibious assault might need.
LCA crews were issued with .303 inch Lewis Guns, which were mounted in a light machine gun shelter on the forward-port side of the craft; these could be used both as anti-aircraft protection and against shore targets.
LCM 1 crews were issued with Lewis guns, and many LCM 3s had .50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine guns mounted for anti-aircraft protection.
Some landing craft were converted for special purposes either to provide defence for the other landing craft in the attack or as support weapons during the landing.
They were towed to the beach by larger craft, such as the LCTs that carried the Royal Engineer assault teams with their specialist vehicles and equipment, who would complete the beach clearance.
The Landing Craft Flak (LCF) was a conversion of the LCT that was intended to give anti-aircraft support to the landing.
On British examples, the operation of the craft was the responsibility of RN crew and the guns were manned by Royal Marines.
Apart from the Oerlikon armament of a normal LCT, each LCG(Medium) had two British Army 25 pounder gun-howitzers in armoured mountings, while LCG(L)3 and LCG(L)4 both had two 4.7-inch naval guns ().
The crew then vanished below (apart from the commanding officer who retreated to a special cubby hole to control things) and the launch was then set off electrically.
A full reload was a very labor-intensive operation and at least one LCT(R) went alongside a cruiser and got a working party from the larger ship to assist in the process.
The crew was Royal Navy, with Royal Marines to operate the weapons: two 0.5 inch Vickers machine guns and a 4-inch mortar to fire smoke shells.
The Fairmile H Landing Craft Support (Large) had armour added to its wooden hull and a turret with an anti-tank gun fitted.
The American Landing Craft Support was larger, each was armed with a 3-inch gun (), various smaller guns, and ten MK7 rocket launchers.
After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. Army and Navy began intense planning for the transport of millions of men into combat and the training for amphibious operations.
By June 1942, Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet (AFAF) established headquarters at Norfolk (Virginia) under the command of Admiral Henry Kent Hewitt.
Temporary headquarters for a transport command were set up in an old American Export Line transport ship that had been built for the Army in World War I.
To man and support such landing craft, the Navy ordered that 30,000 men and 3,000 officers be trained in a matter of months, but initially the Landing Craft Group consisted only of Capt.
Clarke created hydrographic, maintenance, medical, and communications training programs, and a section to train Army shore parties how to unload landing craft.
He set up a training facility at Solomons Island, and held exercises on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay around the clock, day and night.
On 1 September 1942, the Amphibious Force and its Landing Craft Group rented the Nansemond Hotel, a popular resort hotel on Virginia Beach near Norfolk, to use as a headquarters building.
Despite all the progress that was seen during World War II, there were still fundamental limitations in the types of coastline that were suitable for assault.
The first use of helicopters in an amphibious assault came during the Anglo-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956 (the Suez War).
The US Navy built five landing platform helicopter vessels in the 1950s and 1960s, and various converted fleet and escort carriers for the purpose of providing a helicopter amphibious assault capability.
The first of the type envisaged was the escort carrier , which never actually saw service as an amphibious assault ship.
Mechanized utility and landing craft were the kind used during the second world war and, while the mechanized landing craft of today are similar in construction, many improvements have been made.
For example, landing craft (such as the LCM-8 of the US Navy) are capable of a military lift of at a speed of , carrying even heavy equipment, such as M1 Abrams tanks.
Like the mechanized landing craft, they are usually equipped with mounted machine guns, although they also support grenade launchers and heavy weapons.
Those fitted for vehicle carrying had a ramp fitted in place at the rear and they had to back onto beaches.
Like landing craft, flak barges carried A/A guns: two 40 mm Bofors and two 20 mm Oerlikon, with army gunners and naval crew.
With a crew of 20 plus, they could carry food for 800 for a week and provide 1,600 hot and 800 cold meals a day, including freshly baked bread.
Capability-based security refers to the principle of designing user programs such that they directly share capabilities with each other according to the principle of least privilege, and to the operating system infrastructure necessary to make such transactions efficient and secure.
Although most operating systems implement a facility which resembles capabilities, they typically do not provide enough support to allow for the exchange of capabilities among possibly mutually untrusting entities to be the primary means of granting and distributing access rights throughout the system.
A forgeable reference (for example, a path name) identifies an object, but does not specify which access rights are appropriate for that object and the user program which holds that reference.
Consequently, any attempt to access the referenced object must be validated by the operating system, based on the ambient authority of the requesting program, typically via the use of an access control list (ACL).
Instead, in a system with capabilities, the mere fact that a user program possesses that capability entitles it to use the referenced object in accordance with the rights that are specified by that capability.
In theory, a system with capabilities removes the need for any access control list or similar mechanism by giving all entities all and only the capabilities they will actually need.
A capability is typically implemented as a privileged data structure that consists of a section that specifies access rights, and a section that uniquely identifies the object to be accessed.
In practice, it is used much like a file descriptor in a traditional operating system (a traditional handle), but to access every object on the system.
Capabilities are typically stored by the operating system in a list, with some mechanism in place to prevent the program from directly modifying the contents of the capability (so as to forge access rights or change the object it points to).
Programs possessing capabilities can perform functions on them, such as passing them on to other programs, converting them to a less-privileged version, or deleting them.
The operating system must ensure that only specific operations can occur to the capabilities in the system, in order to maintain the integrity of the security policy.
A capability is defined to be a protected object reference which, by virtue of its possession by a user process, grants that process the capability (hence the name) to interact with an object in certain ways.
Those ways might include reading data associated with an object, modifying the object, executing the data in the object as a process, and other conceivable access rights.
The capability logically consists of a reference that uniquely identifies a particular object and a set of one or more of these rights.
Although this identifies a unique object on the system, it does not specify access rights and hence is not a capability.
Its existence in the process's file descriptor table is sufficient to know that the process does indeed have legitimate access to the object.
A key feature of this arrangement is that the file descriptor table is in kernel memory and cannot be directly manipulated by the user program.
In traditional operating systems, programs often communicate with each other and with storage using references like those in the first two examples.
In a capability-based system, the capabilities themselves are passed between processes and storage using a mechanism that is known by the operating system to maintain the integrity of those capabilities.
In such a system, there is no need for entities to be discarded and their capabilities be invalidated, and hence require an ACL-like mechanism to restore those capabilities at a later time.
The operating system maintains the integrity and security of the capabilities contained within all storage, both volatile and nonvolatile, at all times; in part by performing all serialization tasks by itself, rather than requiring user programs to do so, as is the case in most operating systems.
Because user programs are relieved of this responsibility, there is no need to trust them to reproduce only legal capabilities, nor to validate requests for access using an access control mechanism.
However, POSIX capabilities differ from capabilities in this article—POSIX capability is not associated with any object; a process having CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability can listen on any TCP port under 1024.
Capsicum capabilities are a refined form of file descriptor, a delegable right between processes and additional object types beyond classic POSIX, such as processes, can be referenced via capabilities.
In Capsicum capability mode, processes are unable to utilize global namespaces (such as the filesystem namespace) to look up objects, and must instead inherit or be delegated them.
Josip Hrvoje Peruzović (October 14, 1947 – July 29, 2018), better known by his ring name of Nikolai Volkoff, was a Croatian-American professional wrestler who was best known for his performances in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).
In the 1970s, he was Bepo of the Mongols tag team, one of the masked Executioners and feuded with Bruno Sammartino over the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship as Volkoff.
In the 1980s, he was known for teaming with The Iron Sheik, with whom he won the WWF Tag Team Championship at the inaugural WrestleMania event, and later with Boris Zhukov as The Bolsheviks.
In 1994, after a hiatus, he returned as a destitute and desperate character, exploited by Ted DiBiase as the first member of his Million Dollar Corporation.
Despite what he sometimes claimed his actual middle name was not Nikolai but Hrvoje, and his mother's maiden name was not Volkoff but Tomašević.
He was on the Yugoslavian weightlifting team until 1967, when he emigrated to Canada after a weightlifting tournament in Vienna, Austria.
While trying his luck as a wrestler in Calgary, Alberta in 1967, he met the wrestler Newton Tattrie, who was wrestling for Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling.
During his 1963-1968 tour, Tattrie took Peruzovic under his wing as a protégé and trained the non-English speaking, 315 pound man to become a professional wrestler and tag team partner.
When Tattrie left the territory in 1968 for the US, Peruzovic left with him, working in various territories for The National Wrestling Alliance including NWA Detroit, the International Wrestling Association and the National Wrestling Federation where they won tag gold.
In 1974, Volkoff returned to the company and appeared in a memorable match at a sold out Madison Square Garden and wrestled one of the sport's most famous champions, Bruno Sammartino.
In 1976, he was masked as an Executioner as he became the third member along with Killer Kowalski and Big John Studd.
During this tenure, he began crushing fresh apples with one hand as a sign of what he would do to his opponents.
The new team of Volkoff and the Iron Sheik captured the WWF Tag Team Championship from The U.S. Express (Mike Rotundo and Barry Windham) at the first WrestleMania, on March 31, 1985, after the Sheik had knocked out Windham with Fred Blassie's cane.
Their feud ended when Kirchner used Blassie's cane to defeat Volkoff at WrestleMania 2 in another flag match during the Chicago portion of the event.
In late 1987, Volkoff was teamed with Boris Zhukov, another alleged Russian (actually an American wrestler whose real name was James Harrell), to form The Bolsheviks.
As they lost the public eye due to many losses, they eventually lost their manager Slick and were used as a comic relief team losing many matches to The Bushwhackers.
The Bolsheviks never held any titles together, and are perhaps best remembered for being defeated in 19 seconds by The Hart Foundation at WrestleMania VI.
Slaughter who had an Iraqi sympathizer role and teamed with the former Iron Sheik, who had recently begun an Iraqi gimmick under the name Colonel Mustafa.
After Volkoff's team defeated Slaughter's team at the 1990 Survivor Series (Tito Santana was the sole survivor), Volkoff left the WWF at the end of 1990.
He made a brief return to compete in the 1992 Royal Rumble match, as well as to face Hercules in a house show match on January 29 in Lowell, Massachusetts.
On August 8, 1992 he went to Puerto Rico to wrestled for World Wrestling Council WCC 19th Anniversario 1992 losing to The Patriot.
On April 4, 1993 he wrestled his former partner The Iron Sheik to a double count out at Wrestling in the USA event in Livingston, New Jersey.
On February 1, 1994, Volkoff began a full-time return to the WWF, making a ringside appearance at a Superstars taping in White Plains, New York during a match between Diesel and Mike Moraldo.
For the next two months, Volkoff was shown in the crowd, until eventually he became a sympathetic heel by playing the whipping-boy of Ted DiBiase's Million Dollar Corporation.
Volkoff had kayfabe fallen on hard times and was forced to take a job working for DiBiase and his new Corporation.
The final WWF match for Volkoff was on December 30, 1994 when he defeated jobber Bob Starr in a house show.
He also appeared at WrestleMania X-Seven at the Astrodome in Houston in the gimmick battle royal which was won by The Iron Sheik.
On February 3, 2005, Volkoff was announced as one of the WWE Hall of Fame inductees for the class of 2005.
Volkoff sang the Soviet Union national anthem, receiving boos from the crowd (despite being a babyface) and was insulted by judge William Regal, although judges Mick Foley and Maria both praised the performance.
In response, Sheik, who was also insulted, went on a tirade until both he and Volkoff were escorted out of the building by security.
The Iron Sheik appeared along with Nikolai Volkoff to face off against the U.S. Express in a rematch from the first WrestleMania.
In October 2013, he sang the Soviet national anthem at a show in New Jersey, after being introduced by Howard Finkel.
While the book is not wrestling related, the author Jason Strecker was a personal friend of Volkoff's and in the foreword Volkoff responds to his friendship with the author along with the book's message of being of strong character and doing positive actions for others.
On February 28, 2015, Volkoff appeared for the Superstars of Wrestling promotion in Bayville, New Jersey, where he teamed with ECW legend The Sandman to take on independent standouts Kentucky Bred – in a 3 on 2 handicap tag match.
On March 5, 2016, Volkoff showed up at Night of Legends at Billtown Wrestling in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, sang the American national anthem and teamed with Cash Money, who turned on him to give the win to Koko B. Ware and Jim Neidhart.
On June 25, 2016 he wrestled his last match in Canada where he defeated the Messiah for Great North Wrestling in Pembroke, Ontario.
On June 9, 2017, Volkoff wrestled for H20 Wrestling: 1 Year Anniversary in Willamstown, New Jersey as he defeated DJ Hyde.
On May 5, 2018, at the age of 70, Volkoff wrestled his final match, teaming with Jim Duggan to defeated the team of Mecha Mercenary and Nicky Benz for Battleground Championship Wrestling in Feasterville, Pennsylvania.
In a 2009 shoot interview released by Pro Wrestling Diary on DVD, Peruzović discusses in-depth his history with Freddie Blassie as well as helping Blassie re-connect with his daughter.
Peruzović died at home on July 29, 2018, at the age of 70, days after being released from a hospital in Maryland where he had been treated for dehydration and other medical issues.
Peruzović ran unsuccessfully in the 2006 Maryland Republican Primary for State Delegate in District 7 (representing parts of Baltimore & Harford County) in Maryland.
It has five schools, four churches, a variety of small shops, a large supermarket, and a range of commercial and light industrial businesses.
Roman soldiers had a settlement and fort nearby at Templeborough, although no evidence of Roman remains have been unearthed in Handsworth.
Before the Conquest, Torchil (or Turchil) is reported as being the Lord of the Manor, but following the Conquest lordship was transferred to Robert, Count of Mortain, who was the half-brother of William the Conqueror.
In a survey in 1379 there were reported to be nine smiths and perhaps one cutler in Sheffield, but by that time, Handsworth had 13 smiths and three cutlers.
Clearly, the ancient parish of Handsworth had its own identity and history, almost as extensive as that of the city into which it became absorbed.
It was founded by the Norman lord William de Lovetot, or his father Richard, and the foundations were planned by William Paynel.
Close to St Mary's Church is the Cross Keys Inn, a very old building that has not always been a public house.
It was originally built in the mid 13th century as a Church House for the chaplains and lay clerks attached to St Mary's.
Handsworth's parish registers, recording all baptisms, marriages and burials which took place in the parish of St Mary's, date back to 1558, the year that Queen Elizabeth I ascended the throne.
The origins of this ancient ritual are unknown, but written records held by the team go back to the middle of the nineteenth century.
Using long steel swords, a team of eight men perform a dance which lasts about nine minutes and ends with all the swords being interlocked and held aloft by one man.
It survived through the Second World War because the sword dancers had priority occupations in the coal mines and in the steel works, so they were not conscripted.
The traditional dancing on Boxing Day in Handsworth and Woodhouse was revived in 1963, and in 1976 the clowns were reintroduced, though they later lapsed.
The historic sight of Handsworth sword dancing can still be seen on Boxing Day (or the day after if it falls on a Sunday).
The Stayce family had lived at Ballifield Hall in Handsworth for centuries but it was in Trenton, New Jersey, in America, that Mahlon made his name and his fortune.
During the Interregnum, Quakers were treated with suspicion and hostility, and persecution continued following the restoration of Charles II, as they still refused to conform, even outwardly, to the Church of England.
Some members of the Stayce family are buried in a private Quaker graveyard at Cinder Hill, now in the back garden of a house.
Huntsman made a highly significant scientific discovery which enabled Sheffield to develop from small township into one of the leading northern industrial cities that shaped the destiny of Victorian Britain.
This required an extremely high temperature of 1,600 degrees Celsius, something which had never been achieved before in the steel industry.
To contain the steel he designed a clay crucible which could withstand the severe temperature and possible attack of the metal.
It seems probable that Huntsman moved to Handsworth because he was aware of the nearby glassworks in Catcliffe where vessels were used in which the materials were melted at very high temperatures.
Huntsman found that he could benefit in Handsworth not only from the experience of the glass makers but also from the ready access to refractory materials and fireclays in the Sheffield district.
Eventually, this competition from overseas encouraged the Sheffield cutlers to adopt Huntsman's methods, thereby laying the foundations of Sheffield's industrial heritage.
In 1740, Sheffield produced only 200 tons of steel per year; by 1860, this total had risen, because of the application of Huntsman's techniques, to over 80,000 tons per year—almost half of Europe's total tonnage.
His baptism is recorded in the parish registers; and, although he died in Ireland, he is buried in a family vault in Handsworth.
But they settled in the Handsworth parish, and there are over 60 entries in the parish registers for members of the Jeffcock family between 1636 and 1768.
John Jeffcock, father of William, established the family name as coal masters by becoming colliery engineer at Dore House Colliery in Handsworth.
He was keen to play an active role in the civic affairs and so became a candidate for Attercliffe ward in the town's first municipal elections on 1 November 1843.
Meeting for the first time on 9 November 1843, the new town council unanimously chose William Jeffcock to be the first mayor.
He was also nominated as a Justice of the Peace for the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1846 and he held a Commission in the West Yorkshire Yeomanry Cavalry for some time.
John Jeffcock was the first to live there, but it was his son William who built a new mansion on the site in 1850.
There are other memorials to members of the Jeffcock family in St Mary's Church, and there is a (disused) fountain and water trough bearing inscriptions to the family on a curve of Handsworth Road.
William Jeffcock was succeeded as Sheffield's Mayor in 1844 by his first cousin, Thomas Dunn, who was also a Handsworth resident.
His intellect and popularity made many national Liberals, as well as local ones, seek to persuade him to stand for parliament.
It was with this name that the village was first mentioned in a document, in 1011, when King Rudolf III presented the church and the village to the Romainmôtier Monastery as a gift.
After the collapse of the Ancien régime, the village became a part of the canton of Léman, from 1798 to 1803.
The scattered villages of Apples span a knoll on the edge of a plateau, located at the foot of the Jura Mountains.
In the western section of the municipality, which is larger by far, there is a glacial landscape of molasse hills with extensive woods and moor-like depressions.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Apples became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 8.5% due to migration and at a rate of -0.9% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (999 or 86.2%), with German being second most common (84 or 7.2%) and Portuguese being third (22 or 1.9%).
There were 432 or 37.3% who were born in the same canton, while 232 or 20.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 192 or 16.6% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 13 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 16 deaths of Swiss citizens.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 4 and the non-Swiss population increased by 6 people.
The age distribution, , in Apples is; 165 children or 13.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 154 teenagers or 12.3% are between 10 and 19.
169 people or 13.6% are between 30 and 39, 191 people or 15.3% are between 40 and 49, and 158 people or 12.7% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 168 people or 13.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 72 people or 5.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 40 people or 3.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 10 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 430 households that answered this question, 21.4% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 128 married couples without children, 164 married couples with children There were 22 single parents with a child or children.
There were 8 households that were made up of unrelated people and 13 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
North of the village there is a small industrial area, where, among other things, switchgear and high grade steel are manufactured.
In Apples there is a riding school, a sports center, and an educational center, as well as a regional nursing home and foster home.
There were 570 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.7% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 10 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.86% of the population), there were 4 individuals (or about 0.35% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 32 individuals (or about 2.76% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 2 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who were Jewish, and 13 (or about 1.12% of the population) who were Islamic.
178 (or about 15.36% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 32 individuals (or about 2.76% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 223 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.9% were Swiss men, 31.8% were Swiss women, 8.1% were non-Swiss men and 7.2% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
As offers increased for her to participate in heterosexual scenes, she began working onscreen with Derrick Lane (whom she married in 1994).
She signed an exclusive contract with Vivid Video; eventually tiring of constantly working with Lane, she insisted on working with other men.
In fact, her exclusive on-screen commitment to Lane has been credited as the main reason to her waning popularity in adult films.
Castelldefels () is a municipality in the Baix Llobregat comarca, in the province of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain, and part of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.
It is located about southwest of Barcelona, just to the north of the massís del Garraf and is the last town on the coast before the comarca of Garraf.
The Olympic canal, called Canal Olímpic de Catalunya, built for the 1992 Summer Olympic Games of Barcelona is in the town.
In 2011, the conservative People's Party (PP) won a plurality of seats for the first time, and Manuel Reyes of the PP was elected mayor of the town.
Transport links include two stations (Castelldefels and Platja de Castelldefels) on RENFE line R2 from Sant Vicenç de Calders to Maçanet-Massanes via Barcelona, bus routes to Barcelona (L94, L95, L97), Barcelona Airport (L99) and Sant Boi de Llobregat (L96), as well as an urban bus route connecting the rest of the town (CF1), the C-32 motorway and the C-31 and C-245 dual carriageways.
On 23 June 2010, 12 young people were killed, and 14 injured, when they were hit by an express train as they crossed the tracks in the railway station at Platja de Castelldefels, while on their way to a summer solstice bonfire party on the beach.
Aubonne was the most important town on the north side of the lake between Lausanne and Geneva until the second half of the 15th century.
When the canton of Vaud was conquered by Bern in 1536, Aubonne came under Bernese domination, but still belonged to the Count of Greyerz until 1553.
In 1670, the city was bought by the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, and in 1685 by Henri Duquesne, who sold it to Bern again in 1701.
From 1798 to 1803 it belonged to the canton of Léman in the Helvetic Republic, which, through the mediation of Napoleon became the canton of Vaud.
It is spread in the valley of the river Aubonne, on the edge of the Jura foothill plateau, about above the surface of Lake Geneva.
Of the rest of the land, or 22.1% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.4% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 9.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.4%.
Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.2%.
Out of the forested land, 11.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 33.2% is used for growing crops and 8.3% is pastures, while 21.8% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality was the capital of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Aubonne became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 2.3% due to migration and at a rate of 3.8% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (2,160 or 84.0%), with German being second most common (133 or 5.2%) and Portuguese being third (93 or 3.6%).
There were 842 or 32.8% who were born in the same canton, while 456 or 17.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 563 or 21.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 17 live births to Swiss citizens and 8 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 15 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 11 and the non-Swiss population increased by 41 people.
The age distribution, , in Aubonne is; 301 children or 11.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 345 teenagers or 12.6% are between 10 and 19.
374 people or 13.7% are between 30 and 39, 471 people or 17.2% are between 40 and 49, and 381 people or 13.9% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 292 people or 10.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 164 people or 6.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 117 people or 4.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 22 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 1,128 households that answered this question, 33.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 9 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 306 married couples without children, 342 married couples with children There were 54 single parents with a child or children.
There were 12 households that were made up of unrelated people and 26 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
The entire town of Aubonne and the Federal Powder Mill are listed as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
There were 1,335 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.9% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 13 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.51% of the population) and there were 156 individuals (or about 6.07% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 3 individuals (or about 0.12% of the population) who were Jewish and 33 (or about 1.28% of the population) who were Islamic.
389 (or about 15.14% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 117 individuals (or about 4.55% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 522 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.3% were Swiss men, 31.0% were Swiss women, 10.3% were non-Swiss men and 6.3% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
The train station of the Lausanne-Geneva railway was opened on 14 April 1858 and lies just outside the municipality in Allaman.
Thomas E. Mann (born September 10, 1944) is the W. Averell Harriman Chair and a senior fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, a non-partisan think tank based in Washington, D.C.
He primarily studies and speaks on elections in the United States, campaign finance reform, Senate and filibuster reform, Congress, redistricting, and political polarization.
He first went to Washington D.C. in 1969, where he worked as a Congressional Fellow in the offices of Senator Philip A. Hart and Representative James G. O'Hara, both Democrats.
Mann is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
It revolves around the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad, which spans the Drina River and stands as a silent witness to history from its construction by the Ottomans in the mid-16th century until its partial destruction during World War I.
The story spans about four centuries and covers the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian occupations of the region, with a particular emphasis on the lives, destinies and relations of the local inhabitants, especially Serbs and Bosnian Muslims.
Andrić had been Yugoslavia's ambassador to Germany from 1939 to 1941, during the early years of World War II, and was arrested by the Germans in April 1941, following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia.
In June 1941, he was allowed to return to German-occupied Belgrade but was confined to a friend's apartment in conditions that some biographers liken to house arrest.
The Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica is planning a cinematic adaption of the novel, for which he has constructed a mock-town named after Andrić not far from the bridge, which was reconstructed after World War I and has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
The boy's mother follows her son wailing until she reaches the Drina River, where he is taken across by ferry and she can no longer follow.
He rises through the Ottoman military ranks and around the age of 60 becomes the Grand Vizier, a position he holds for the next fifteen years.
He remains haunted by the memory of being forcibly taken from his mother and orders the construction of a bridge at the part of the river where the two became separated.
The bridge replaces the unreliable ferry transport that was once the only means of traversing the river and comes to represent an important link between the Bosnia Eyalet and the rest of the Ottoman Empire.
The bridge is built by serfs, who intermittently stage strikes and sabotage the construction site in protest against the poor working conditions.
Every important moment in the lives of the local residents comes to revolve around the bridge, with Christian children crossing it to be baptized on the opposite bank, and children of all religions playing around it.
They come to regard two holes on the side of the bridge as places where the infants' mothers would come to suckle them while they were entombed.
About a century later, the Habsburg Monarchy reclaims much of Central Europe and the northern Balkans from the Ottomans, triggering a crisis within the empire.
The first nationalist tensions arise in the 19th century, with the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising in present-day central Serbia.
The Turks construct a blockhouse on the bridge, decorating it with stakes on which they pin the heads of suspected rebels.
The occupation comes as a shock to the residents of the town, which has remained largely unchanged since the time of the bridge's completion, and the local people experience difficulties accepting the numerous changes and reforms that accompany Austro-Hungarian rule.
They bring home new social and cultural ideas from abroad, among them the concepts of trade unions and socialism, while newly established newspapers acquaint the town's inhabitants with nationalism.
In 1908, Austria-Hungary formally annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, sparking tensions with Serbia, which the Austro-Hungarians come to regard as a serious obstacle to their further conquest of the Balkans.
The Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 see the Ottomans almost completely forced from the region, and relations between Austria-Hungary and Serbia deteriorate further.
The significance of the middle portion of the bridge also becomes undermined, as residents of different ethnicities become suspicious and wary of one another.
In June 1914, Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, setting off a chain of events that lead to the outbreak of World War I. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, and the local authorities begin to incite Višegrad's non-Serb population against the town's Serb residents.
The bridge with the old road to Sarajevo suddenly regains its importance, as the railway line is not adequate to transport all the materiel and soldiers who are preparing to attack Serbia in the autumn of 1914.
Austria-Hungary's invasion is swiftly repulsed and the Serbians advance across the Drina, prompting the Austro-Hungarians to evacuate Višegrad and destroy portions of the bridge.
Ivo Andrić was Yugoslavia's best known and most successful literary figure, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961.
He was born to Antun Andrić and Katarina Pejić near Travnik on 9 October 1892, but spent most of his childhood in the town of Višegrad.
Despite this, he remained in contact with his Christian family, and in 1557, convinced the Porte to grant the Serbian Orthodox Church autonomy.
Andrić's literary career began in 1911, and prior to the outbreak of World War I, he published a number of poems, essays and reviews, and also translated the works of foreign writers.
In the years leading up to the war, he joined a number of South Slav student movements calling for an end to the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
He spent much of World War I in captivity, and was only freed in July 1917, after Emperor Charles declared a general amnesty for political prisoners.
In 1939, he was appointed as Yugoslavia's ambassador to Germany, which went on to spearhead an invasion of his country in April 1941, within the wider context of World War II.
Andrić and his staff were arrested by the Germans following the invasion's commencement, and in June 1941, he was permitted to return to Belgrade.
Andrić was retired from the diplomatic service and confined to a friend's apartment by the Germans, living in conditions that some biographers have likened to house arrest.
Over the following three years, he focused on his writing and pondered over the disintegration of Yugoslavia, which had become the scene of a brutal inter-ethnic civil war following the invasion.
Andrić's works attained international recognition only after he was awarded the Nobel Prize, and were translated into dozens of languages thereafter.
Andrić never publicly expressed sympathy for communism and his works openly dealt with controversial questions of national identity at a time when the communists were propagating the idea of Brotherhood and Unity among the various Yugoslav peoples.
The characters use the Ijekavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian primarily spoken west of the Drina, while the narrator uses the Ekavian dialect spoken primarily in Serbia.
This is a reflection of Andrić's own linguistic proclivities, as he had abandoned both written and spoken Ijekavian and reverted to Ekavian upon moving to Belgrade in the early 1920s.
Both dialogue and narration passages are perfused with Turkisms (), words of Turkish, Arabic or Persian origin that had found their way into the South Slavic languages under Ottoman rule.
Also present are many words of German and Ladino origin, reflecting the historical and political circumstances of the time period described in the novel.
The book deviates from other texts that have been described as chronicles in that the narrator observes events itinerantly and retrospectively.
Literary scholar Guido Snel believes that such a stylistic interpretation neglects the novel's dialogic properties and its ability to act as a back-and-forth between the narrator and reader, drawing a connection between the past described in the novel and the reader's present.
However, at the time of writing, the country did not enjoy the reputation of an inter-civilizational mediator, which was fostered by Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito only after his split with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in 1948.
Andrić suggests that the building of roads and bridges by Great Powers is rarely done as a gesture of friendship towards local populations, but rather as a means of facilitating conquest.
Sells interprets the legend as an allegory for the entrapment of Slav converts to Islam within the structures of an alien religion.
Ani Kokobobo, a professor of Slavic studies, believes violence is a theme that offers conceptual cohesion to the novel's otherwise fragmented narrative.
The most notable depiction of it is the impalement of Radisav of Unište, who attempts to sabotage the construction of the bridge.
Several scholars interpret Radisav's impalement as an allegory for the state of Bosnia itself—subjected, vulnerable and fragmented between Christianity and Islam.
On the one hand, it marks the end of traditional Ottoman life in the town and signals the unstoppable oncome of modernity, while on the other, it foreshadows the death and destruction that await Bosnia and Herzegovina in the future.
From its publication in 1945 until the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991–92, the novel was required reading in Yugoslav secondary schools.
In his introduction to Andrić's acceptance speech, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences member Göran Liljestrand took note of the symbolic significance of the bridge and described Andrić as a unifying force.
In subsequent decades, large sections of the Croatian and Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) literary establishments distanced themselves from Andrić's body of work due to his strong ties with Serbian culture.
In 1992, at the outset of the Bosnian War, a Bosnian Muslim destroyed a bust of Andrić in Višegrad using a sledgehammer.
Later that year, more than 200 Bosniak civilians were killed on the bridge by Bosnian Serb militias and their bodies tossed into the Drina.
By 1993, owing to the war and consequent ethnic cleansing, the multi-ethnic Bosnia described in the novel had largely been consigned to history.
The town of Višegrad and its historic sites were popularized throughout Yugoslavia as a result of the novel, to which the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge owes its renown.
In 2019, Pope Francis quoted a passage from the novel at a press conference in Rabat, Morocco while arguing for amity and concord between nations.
GAL operated mainly in the portion of the Basque country on the French side of the Spanish-French border, but kidnappings and tortures were also performed at various places in Spain.
The victims (at least 27 dead and 26 injured) were either members of ETA or Basque nationalist activists, but some victims were not known to have links to ETA or political violence at all.
Its main purpose was to attack ETA members and Basque nationalist targets and wreak random havoc in French territory in order to put pressure on the French government.
Aside from the obvious nationalist rationale for its opposition to Basque separatism, the GAL did not explicitly self-ascribe a place within the left–right spectrum and many of the killers were foreign mercenaries.
However, many of these mercenaries were recruited from the European far-right (including the OAS) and many of the Spanish perpetrators and organisers were active or former Francoist civil servants.
GAL attacks showed from the beginning a close connection to high-ranking government and a number of police officials in the Basque Country.
When the whole operation came to an end, in addition to GAL operatives, a few Spanish policemen and government officials were also convicted.
For instance, the Interior Minister, José Barrionuevo, and his associate Rafael Vera, were convicted of the kidnapping of Segundo Marey, and General Galindo and the civil governor of Gipuzkoa, Julen Elgorriaga, were found guilty of the murder of Joxe Antonio Lasa and Joxe Ignacio Zabala in October 1983 .
Prosecutors proved that the policemen who recruited mercenaries and the government officials who organized the dirty war's operations also embezzled large amounts of public money.
The GAL was one of the main issues of the campaign during the elections of 1996 in which the PSOE was defeated by José María Aznar's People's Party (PP) for the first time.
González himself has never been charged with a GAL-related offence, but he has called publicly for pardons for his former subordinates.
After 1987, when the GAL disbanded, the French government adopted a harsher attitude towards Basque refugees, by denying political refugee status to new applicants, and facilitating extraditions requested by Spanish judges.
The Epic of Manas (, ماناس دستانی, , , ) is a traditional epic poem dating to the 18th century but claimed by the Kyrgyz people to be much older.
The plot of Manas revolves around a series of events that coincide with the history of the region in the 17th century, primarily the interaction of the Turkic-speaking people from the mountains to the south of the Dasht-i Qipchaq and the Oirat Mongols from the bordering area of Jungaria.
The eponymous hero of Manas and his Oirat enemy Joloy were first found written in a Persian manuscript dated to 1792-3.
His prayers are eventually answered, and on the day of his son's birth, he dedicates a colt, Toruchaar, born the same day to his son's service.
They fail in this task, and Manas is able to rally his people and is eventually elected and proclaimed as khan.
Manas turns eventually to face the Afghan people to the south in battle, where after defeat the Afghans enter into an alliance with Manas.
Manas then comes into a relationship with the people of mā warā' an-nār through marriage to the daughter of the ruler of Bukhara.
Changes were made in the delivery and textual representation of Manas in the 1920s and 1930s to represent the creation of the Kyrgyz nationality, particularly the replacement of the tribal background of Manas.
In the 19th century versions, Manas is the leader of the Nogay people, while in versions dating after 1920, Manas is a Kyrgyz and a leader of the Kyrgyz.
Attempts have been made to connect modern Kyrgyz with the Yenisei Kirghiz, today claimed by Kyrgyzstan to be the ancestors of modern Kyrgyz.
Kazakh ethnographer and historian Shokan Shinghisuly Walikhanuli was unable to find evidence of folk-memory during his extended research in 19th-century Kyrgyzstan (then part of the expanding Russian empire) nor has any been found since.
While Kyrgyz historians consider it to be the longest epic poem in history, the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata and the Tibetan Epic of King Gesar are both longer.
Narrators who know all three episodes of the epic (the tales of Manas, of his son Semetei and of his grandson Seitek) can acquire the status of Great Manaschi.
Great Manaschis of the 20th century are Sagymbai Orozbakov, Sayakbay Karalaev, Shaabai Azizov (pictured), Kaba Atabekov, Seidene Moldokova and Yusup Mamai.
Contemporary Manaschis include Rysbek Jumabayev, who has performed at the British Library, Urkash Mambetaliev, the Manaschi of the Bishkek Philharmonic (also travels through Europe), and Talantaaly Bakchiyev, who combines recitation with critical study.
An English translation of the version of Sagimbai Orozbakov by Walter May was published in 1995, in commemoration of the presumed 1000th anniversary of Manas' birth, and re-issued in two volumes in 2004.
Arthur Thomas Hatto has made English translations of the Manas tales recorded by Shokan Valikhanov and Vasily Radlov in the 19th century.
A mausoleum some 40 km east of the town of Talas is believed to house his remains and is a popular destination for Kyrgyz travellers.
Legend has it that Kanikey, Manas' widow, ordered this inscription in an effort to confuse her husband's enemies and prevent a defiling of his grave.
Politician and government official Kasym Tynystanov tried to get the poem published in 1925, but this was prevented by the growing influence of Stalinism.
The first extract of the poem to be published in the USSR appeared in Moscow in 1946, and efforts to nominate the poem for the Stalin Prize in 1946 were unsuccessful.
Chinghiz Aitmatov, in the 1980s, picked up the cause for the poem again, and in 1985 finally a statue for the hero was erected.
Liberty, formerly called the National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL), is an advocacy group and membership organisation based in the United Kingdom, which campaigns to challenge injustice, protect civil liberties and promote human rights – through the courts, in Parliament and in the wider community.
Under the proposed Incitement to Disaffection Bill, commonly known as the 'Sedition Bill', it would have been a criminal offence to possess pacifist literature, for example anti-war pamphlets.
When Oswald Mosley was released from prison in 1943 (he had been imprisoned without trial under Defence Regulation 18B), the National Council for Civil Liberties oddly demanded his continued imprisonment.
Since 2016, Liberty's work has been dominated by taking a High Court challenge to the Investigatory Powers Act, and campaigning against the so-called 'hostile environment' policies and for an end to the use of indefinite immigration detention in the UK.
During the 1940s, the NCCL led protests against a BBC ban on artists who attended a 'People's Convention' organised by the Communist Party.
In the years following the Second World War, the NCCL campaigned for better civil liberties protections for members of the Armed Forces, including for better education and vocational training, a fairer military justice system and freedom of voluntary association.
At this time NCCL was also involved in several miscarriage of justice cases, including that of Emery, Powers and Thompson, who were sentenced to between four and ten years imprisonment for assaulting a police officer, even though someone else confessed to the crime and the prosecution evidence was flawed.
During the 1950s NCCL campaigned for reform of the mental health system, under which people known to be sane but deemed 'morally defective' – unmarried mothers, for example – could be locked up in an asylum.
By 1957, the campaign had seen the release of around 2,000 former inmates, the abolition of the Mental Health Act 1913 and the establishment of new Mental Health Review Tribunals and the Mental Health Act 1959.
It campaigned on racial issues, on behalf of gypsies, children, prisoners and servicemen who had changed their decision about joining the forces.
After 1960, NCCL responded to the tightening of immigration laws and a rise in race-hate incidents by lobbying for the Race Relations Act, which came into force in 1965.
NCCL also published pamphlets exposing the effective 'colour bar', whereby black and Asian people were refused service in certain pubs and hotels.
Campaigning for women's rights was also a major part of NCCL's work in this period, including successfully calling for reform of jury service laws that effectively prevented women and the poor from serving on juries by means of a property qualification.
NCCL intervened on behalf of groups refused permission to protest and monitoring the policing of demonstrations such as those against the Vietnam War.
NCCL also campaigned to raise awareness of the difficulty faced by 'reluctant servicemen' – men in the armed forces who had often signed-up as teenagers then realised they'd made a mistake but were prevented from discharging themselves for anything up to 16 years.
The files were destroyed and the major privacy protection 'Right to Know' campaign to give individuals greater control over their personal information was launched in 1977.
A number of other future high-profile Labour politicians worked at the organisation at this time, such as Harriet Harman, who worked as the legal officer from 1978–82, Jack Dromey, later her husband, was a member (1970–79) and chairman of the Executive Committee, and Diane Abbott was employed as Race Relations Officer (1978–80).
The European Court of Human Rights ruled that MI5 surveillance of Harriet Harman and Patricia Hewitt during the pair's tenure at Liberty breached the European Convention on Human Rights.
During the Gulf War, Liberty successfully campaigned for the release of over 100 Iraqi nationals – some of whom were openly opposed to Saddam Hussein – detained without charge in Britain on the grounds that they posed a risk to national security.
High-profile cases included that of the Birmingham Six, who were released after 16 years in prison for IRA bombings they did not commit.
At the start of the 2000s, Liberty used the protections in the new Human Rights Act 1998 to fight a number of landmark cases, including supporting terminally-ill Diane Pretty's fight to die with dignity and Christine Goodwin's fight for transgender rights.
In 2004, Liberty acted for the translator and whistleblower Katharine Gun who claimed that the American National Security Agency had requested the British Government's help in illegal surveillance on the UN.
During 2007 and 2008 Liberty led the opposition to government plans to extend detention without charge for those suspected of terrorism to 42 days.
Chakrabarti and Liberty claimed a major campaign victory when the government dropped the proposal after it was rejected by the House of Lords in October 2008.
In April 2009, Liberty protested against a poster campaign by Greater Manchester Police which depicted a series of notorious Manchester gangsters, the Gooch Gang, as pensioners.
Liberty supported claims that the posters should be removed following complaints from family members of the gangsters, not involved with their relative's criminality, who claimed they were being targeted in the community after the posters were erected.
In response to the vast security systems which were put in place ahead of the London 2012 Olympic Games, Liberty raised concerns with regards to the infringements to civil liberties which would subsequently occur.
Liberty argued that neither peaceful protest nor the right to free speech were a factor in ensuring the safety of the Games.
A campaign presence and attendance by Shami Chakrabarti at the Liberal Democrats Conference in September 2012 in Brighton successfully led to the passing of a motion by Jo Shaw, Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Spokesperson for Holborn and St Pancras, against the Bill.
A prominent campaign by Liberty was in relation to fairer extradition laws and the opposition of unfair extradition proceedings, the most prominent case being that of Gary McKinnon who gained world wide press attention.
16 October 2012 saw a victory for Gary McKinnon, after a decade-long ordeal, as the Home Secretary, Theresa May, announced that she was refusing to allow Gary's extradition to the US on the basis that doing so would breach his Human Rights.
Gary McKinnon was charged in 2002 of hacking into US military and NASA systems, but maintains that he was looking for UFOs and evidence of free energy suppression.
Gary, who has Asperger syndrome, could have spent up to 70 years in a US jail if convicted and it was argued by his lawyers in an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) that because of this factor and because the crime was committed in the UK that he should be tried in the UK.
Liberty intervened in the case of gay couple Michael Black and John Morgan who were turned away from a bed and breakfast because of the owner's religious views.
On 18 October 2012 it was ruled that the B&B owner was in breach of equality legislation by unlawfully discriminating against the couple on the basis of their sexual orientation.
The Conservative Party – which had won a majority – had included a pledge in its manifesto to repeal the Act.
In May 2016, Liberty, Amnesty International UK and the British Institute of Human Rights published a statement opposing repeal of the Act, backed by more than 130 organisations including UK Families Flight 103, Friends of the Earth, Refuge, Quakers in Britain, Stonewall, the Terrence Higgins Trust, the Down's Syndrome Association and the Football Supporters' Federation.
In July 2015, Liberty coordinated an intervention from a number of former Anti-Apartheid campaigners including Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane and Denis Goldberg.
Liberty represents the families of three of four young soldiers who died of gunshot wounds at Deepcut army barracks between 1995 and 2002 – Cheryl James, Sean Benton and James Collinson.
Liberty used the Human Rights Act to compel Surrey Police to disclose evidence about the deaths to the families, which they were then able to use to apply for fresh inquests.
On 3 June 2016, Coroner Brian Barker QC recorded a verdict of suicide, delivering a narrative verdict that strongly condemned the culture at Deepcut.
On 18 July 2018, Coroner Peter Rook QC also recorded a verdict of suicide and again strongly criticised failings at Deepcut and in the Surrey Police investigation.
Following the verdict, Liberty and Sean's family called for all serious crimes within the Armed Forces to be investigated by the civilian police, rather than the Royal Military Police.
Liberty represented the family of Corporal Anne-Marie Ellement, a Royal Military Police Office who took her own life in 2011 after alleging that she had been raped by two colleagues.
An initial inquest in March 2012 recorded a verdict of suicide, but Anne-Marie's family, represented by Liberty, used the Human Rights Act to secure a second, more thorough inquest.
In 2013, Anne-Marie's family, represented by Liberty, also used the threat of legal action under the Human Rights Act to compel the Ministry of Defence and Royal Military Police to agree to refer the Anne-Marie's rape allegations for a fresh, independent investigation.
In November 2017, the Ministry of Defence announced it would stop Commanding Officers investigation allegations of sexual assault themselves – a call Liberty had made from Corporal Ellement's 2014 inquest.
Shortly after the revelations, Liberty brought a legal challenge to the UK government's practices with a coalition of other organisations, including Amnesty International, Privacy International and ACLU.
In September 2018, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that GCHQ's bulk interception practices had violated privacy rights and failed to provide sufficient safeguards.
In 2014, Liberty represented MPs David Davis and Tom Watson in a legal challenge to the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act (DRIPA), claiming that it breached privacy rights.
The case was referred to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) by the Court of Appeal, and in December 2016 the ECJ ruled that the general and indiscriminate retention of emails and electronic communications by governments was illegal.
Throughout 2016, Liberty campaigned against what it believed to be a serious lack of privacy safeguards in the Investigatory Powers Bill.
In January 2017, Liberty launched a crowdfunder to raise funds to challenge the Act in the High Court, raising more than more than £53,000 in a week.
In April 2018, the High Court issued its ruling on the first part of the challenge, giving the government six months to rewrite core parts of the Act, which it found incompatible with EU law.
Liberty represented John Walker in a legal challenge to a loophole in the Equality Act which let employers exempt same-sex spouses from spousal pension benefits.
In August 2017, Liberty exposed that the Home Office had secretly gained access to nationality data on homeless people in London.
In June 2018, Liberty announced it would be representing Cardiff resident Ed Bridges in a legal challenge to South Wales Police's use of facial recognition technology in public spaces.
The CLT has no staff, but commissions Liberty to conduct charitable work such as providing public advice and information, also research, policy work, and litigation.
Liberty produces briefings on its campaign issues, as well as researching and writing reports on particular areas of human rights and civil liberties.
Being a cross-party, non-party political organisation, Liberty regularly publishes briefings to MPs and peers, to provide consultation to parliamentary committees and to respond to consultations on issues relating to human rights and civil liberties in the UK.
Reduced rings play an elementary role in algebraic geometry, where this concept is generalized to the concept of a reduced scheme.
Subsequently, she served Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2004 and continued as a Special Adviser to the Japanese Prime Minister for foreign affairs from 2004 to 2005.
In July 2008, she was appointed cochair of a new International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament, with former Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Gareth Evans.
A former economist at the World Bank, Kawaguchi served as Minister at the Embassy of Japan to the United States in 1990.
She worked as a Director General of Global Environmental Affairs at the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) between 1992 and 1993 before becoming a Managing Director of Suntory Holdings Ltd. in September 1993.
During her years as a Diet member, she served as deputy chair of the General Assembly of Liberal Democratic Party members in the Upper House.
She also became the director and chair of the Environment Committee, director of the Budget Committee and director of the Commission on the Constitution.
Kawaguchi served as chair of the LDP Okinawa Promotion Committee as well as co-chair of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament and a board member of the World Economic Forum’s Young Global Leaders Foundation in 2008.
Kawaguchi, then a senior lawmaker of the ruling coalition Liberal Democratic Party, was ousted from her post as head of the Environment Committee of the House of Councillors when Japan's Upper House passed a resolution to fire her back in May 2013.
This was due to her unauthorized extension of stay in China which made the panel she led cancel a scheduled session.
Kawaguchi earned the approval of the parliament to go to China from April 23 to 24 to attend a conference but without prior permission, she extended for one more day to meet foreign policy official State Councilor Yang Jiechi.
Kawaguchi apologizes to Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, who is also the head of the LDP, of her unannounced leave but reasons that the last-minute arrangements with Yang was for Japan's best interests.
This extension gained a lot of criticisms from the opposition parties as Kawaguchi violated parliamentary rules as well neglected her duties.
However those who are in defense of the lawmaker such as Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga and LDP Secretary General Shigeru Ishiba say that the meeting between the two ministers was in order to address the territorial dispute going on between Japan and China in the East China Sea.
The meeting was considered a rare chance given the escalated tensions going on between the two countries and that this might not be possible again anytime in the near future.
This commotion by the opposition was then seen as a futile attempt to weaken the power of LDP seeing as they control the Lower House and they might take hold of the Upper House with the upcoming elections.
However, on May 9, 2013, the resolution of ousting Kawaguchi was passed despite the attempts of administration officials to defend her intentions.
She also received a Certificate of Doctor Honoris Causa by the authority of the Academic Council of the National University of Mongolia in September 2004.
October the following year, she received once again an Anniversary Medal for a major contribution to global security promotion and non-proliferation regime by K. Kadyrzhanov, Director General of the National Nuclear Center.
Built on an island close to the coast, it became connected to the mainland much later, in 1763, by filling in the channel.
Rovinj was eventually incorporated into the Byzantine Empire, later becoming part of the Exarchate of Ravenna in the 6th century, before being taken over by the Frankish Empire in 788.
For the following several centuries it was ruled by a succession of feudal lords, and in 1209 it was acquired by the Patriarchate of Aquileia under Wolfger von Erla.
During this period three town gates were constructed and Rovinj was fortified by two rows of defensive walls, remains of which can still be seen today.
Following the fall of Venice in 1797 and the ensuing Napoleonic interlude, Rovinj became part of the Austrian Empire, which lasted until World War I.
It then belonged to Kingdom of Italy from 1918 to 1947, when it was ceded to SFR Yugoslavia, as part of SR Croatia.
Following Croatia's independence in 1991, the town became one of the most important centers of Istria County, an administrative unit encompassing most of Istria.
The main economic activity in Rovinj is tourism and during peak season (May–September), its bars, restaurants and art galleries work long hours, while operating limited hours off-season.
The busiest area is the very centre of Rovinj, extending from the main bus station towards the old part of town, where most bars and clubs are located.
According to data compiled by Istria Tourist Board, Rovinj is the second biggest tourist destination in the county, in terms of overnight stays.
The two closest airports are Pula/Pola (Croatia) and Trieste (Italy) and during the summer season, low-cost airlines such as Ryanair operate direct flights from western Europe to both airports.
Apart from hotels on the mainland, there are also a handful of hotels on small islands surrounding Rovinj which are linked to the mainland by boats which go from the city centre to the hotel on the islands.
Rovinj is well-connected with the rest of Istria and with larger cities in the region such as Trieste, Rijeka, Ljubljana and Zagreb.
The centre of Rovinj, which includes the old town, is very walkable and transportation by bike or scooter is a preferred means of getting around for many locals.
In 1991 it was made the capital of the county for its location in the geographical centre of the Istria peninsula and in order to boost the development of its interior territories.
It then belonged to the Imperial March of Istria, which had originally been under the suzerainty of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia in 976, but separated together with the March of Carniola in 1040.
While most of Istria had gradually been annexed by Venice, Engelbert's descendant Count Albert III of Gorizia in 1374 bequested his Mitterburg estates to the Austrian House of Habsburg, who attached them to their Duchy of Carniola and gave it out in fief to various families, the last of which was the comital House of Montecuccoli from 1766.
The present-day Pazin Castle (Castle Montecuccoli) was rebuilt in the 15th and 16th century and disassembled in the 18th and 19th.
Later on, the flash was changed to the unit's crest, and the use of the beret spread throughout FIM1 and FAIA.
At 20:00 on 22 December 1978 a task force of the Argentine Navy and the Argentine Marines ( Batallón N° 5 ) under the command of Humberto José Barbuzzi would seize the islands Horn, Freycinet, Hershell, Deceit and Wollaston.
Commanded by Marine Commander Carlos H. Robacio, BIM-5 took part in the defence of Mount Tumbledown in the 1982 Falklands War.
Although made up by conscripts, the unit's core of highly-professional NCOs and commissioned officers, along with a well-developed training and logistics system, rendered BIM-5 a tough unit that fought well in defense during the Battle of Mount Tumbledown.
Different Argentine authorities have repeatedly decorated BIM-5's colors, with the French awarding Marine Admiral Robacio the French Légion d'Honneur and the Argentine government awarding him the Argentine Nation to the Valour in Combat Medal.
During preparations for movement to the Falklands, the Marine battalion was brought up to full strength of a light brigade with a company of the amphibious engineer company and a battery of the 1st Marine Artillery Regiment.
The 5th Marines were further strengthened by three Tigercat SAM/Hispano-Suiza 35mm batteries of the 1st Marine Anti-Aircraft Regiment, deployed along Stanley harbor, and a heavy machine-gun company of the Headquarters Battalion.
The BIM-5 positions around Port Stanley were bombarded, both from the sea by naval gunfire and from the air by the Royal Air Force Harriers.
At 4.30 p.m., on 7 June 1982, a British Harrier bombing positions held by the 5th Marine Battalion was reportedly hit by concentrated fire from M Company (under Marine Sub-Lieutenant Rodolfo Cionchi) on Sapper Hill.
There were no British aircraft lost on 7 June, although one GR-3 Harrier (XZ-989) was lost very early the next day, when it made an emergency landing at San Carlos due to battle damage.
From the moment the 2nd Battalion Scots Guards had finally been moved to Goat Ridge by helicopter, 1,500 rounds of artillery, descended upon the Marines, in preparation for the coming infantry assault.
At the same time 3 PARA on Mount Longdon came under heavy and accurate fire that killed four Paras and one REME craftsman and wounded seven Paratroopers in the shelling that was directed by Sub-Lieutenant Marcelo de Marco, the artillery officer of the 5th Marines on Tumbledown Mountain.
The 101st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group's B Battery (B/GADA101) was assigned to defend the Fresinet Peninsula, a long, narrow piece of land running from Moody Brook to form the northern arm of Stanley, when their troops came under attack at 11 p.m.
A six-man team from 3 SBS ... with D and G Squadrons, SAS, with the object of creating a diversionary assault from the sea ... were to move across the Murrell River by four fast power-boats ...
The coxswain steered her by the hospital-ship for a shield and the boat died on them just as they reached the water's edge.
Another sanks just offshore, but close enough for the team to swim to safety ... An SBS corporal and two SAS troopers were wounded ...
Further south, action was initiated shortly after 8 p.m., as the 2nd Scots Guards' Reconnaissance Platoon carried out a diversionary attack, advancing with four Blues and Royals Scorpion light tanks.
As the British tanks came into range of the 5th Marine Battalion's O Coy (O/BIM5), one of the Scorpion tanks was incapacitated by a booby-trap.
Contact was maintained for over an hour before battalion headquarters ordered Obra Company to fall back ... What we did not realise at the time was that at least a wounded Marine made his way to the amphibious engineer platoon position and hurled a grenade wounding a Major.
The Guards decided to fall back towards the south but entered a minefield and were caught in a crossfire from the Mortar Platoon under Sergeant Elbio Cuñe on Mount William and the Marines' artillery.
At about 1.30 a.m. on 14 June, the commander of the 5th Marines ordered O Company of the Marines, to withdraw in order to stand in reserve.
O Coy's rest in reserve was short lived and in the early hours of 14 June the platoon commanders were instructed to put the platoons on one hour's notice to move.
Meanwhile, to the north of Mount William, Marine Sub-Lieutenant Eduardo Villarraza's N Company of the 5th Marines (N/BIM5) occupied Mount Tumbledown.
Argentine shells began landing among the Guards but by 2.30 a.m., part of the high ground was in British hands and the situation of the Argentine forces became uncertain.
In the centre of the mountain, one Scots Guards platoon managed to secure a small piece of high ground, where they were able to set up a fire base that pinned down several Marine positions for the remaining five hours of the battle.
The platoon commander [Marine Sub-Lieutenant Carlos Daniel Vazquez] then called Private Ramon Rotela manning the 60 millimetre mortar and Rotela fired it straight up into the air so that the bombs landed on ourselves.
I popped up, fired a rifle grenade in the direction of 8 to 10 British soldiers to keep their heads down, and then ran for the 2nd Platoon.
Two Argentine platoons (Second Lieutenant La Madrid and Marine Sub-Lieutenant Miño) on the eastern of Tumbledown counter-attacked resulting in further British casualties but were outmanoeuvred by the Scots Guards.
The fall of Wireless Ridge and the heavy expenditure of artillery, mortar and machine-gun ammunition in support of the 7th Infantry Regiment (RI7) on the ridgeline overlooking Moody Brook rendered the situation of the Marines tenuous.
O Company, BIM-5 (O/BIM5) had been sent up to the Moody Brook area and moved into blocking positions to the south and east of Moody Brook.
In due course firing broke out in the direction of Battalion HQ at Moody Brook, indicating that the British had outflanked their position.
At 7 a.m., the Commanding Officer of the 5th Marines reported his command post near Moody Brook had come under enemy fire from Wireless Ridge.
Around eight RI 6 personnel were killed and eighteen captured, many of them wounded but the 5th Marine Battalion's N Coy (N/BIM5) on Tumbledown and William carried out an orderly withdrawal to Sapper Hill.
The 6th Regiment's B Coy (B/RI6) also successfully withdrew with its portable weapons to set up new defensive positions around Sapper Hill.
I was convinced that we could still resist, and that is why I ordered the O Company - which was ready - to begin a counter-attack together with the M Company.
Generals Mario Benjamin Menendez (the commander of the Argentine garrison) and Oscar Jofre (commander of the 10th Brigade, responsible for the defence of Stanley), following a quick conference, agreed that to continue resistance would entail senseless loss of life.
Three Argentine Marines (Marine Conscripts Roberto Leyes, Eleodoro Monzon and Sergio Robledo) from Koch's platoon were killed covering the last withdrawal.
Two more Royal Marines, including Lt. Paul Allen trod on mines and Major Brian Armitage was badly injured when a Volvo BV-202 tracked vehicle ran over an anti-tank mine planted in the Sapper Hill sector.
Our military code states that for an Argentine military unit to surrender it must have spent all its ammunition or lost at least two-thirds of its men.
Kafka began writing the novel on the evening of 27 January 1922, the day he arrived at the mountain resort of (now in the Czech Republic).
Kafka died before he could finish the novel, and it is questionable whether he intended to finish it if he had survived his tuberculosis.
However, on 11 September 1922 in a letter to Brod, he wrote he was giving up on the book and would never return to it.
This would play heavily in the future of the translations and continues to be the center of discussion on the text.
was published that year as a two-volume set — the novel in the first volume, and the fragments, deletions and editor's notes in a second volume.
This team restored the original German text to its full and incomplete state, including Kafka's unique punctuation, considered critical to the style.
At one time Stroemfeld/Roter Stern Verlag did work for the rights to publish a critical edition with manuscript and transcription side-by-side.
He is quickly notified that his castle contact is an official named Klamm, who, in an introductory note, informs K. he will report to the Mayor.
Meanwhile, K., unfamiliar with the customs, bureaucracy and processes of the village, continues to attempt to reach Klamm, which is considered a strong taboo to the villagers.
The villagers hold the officials and the castle in high regard, even though they do not appear to know what the officials do.
Everyone appears to have an explanation for the officials' actions, but they often contradict themselves and there is no attempt to hide the ambiguity.
K. is the only villager who knows that the request is being forced by the castle (even though Frieda may be the genesis), with no consideration of the inhabitants of the village.
There are other failures of the system: K. witnesses a servant destroying paperwork when he cannot determine whom the recipient should be.
The castle's occupants appear to be all adult men, and there is little reference to the castle other than to its bureaucratic functions.
The latter declaration builds the importance of Hans, Otto's son, in K.'s eyes as a way to gain access to the castle officials.
Although they sometimes come to the village, they do not interact with the villagers unless they need female companionship, implied to be sexual in nature.
Note: The Muir translations refer to the Herrenhof Inn where the Harman translations translate this to the Gentleman's Inn (while the Bell translation calls it the Castle Inn).
Below, all references to the inn where the officials stay in the village is the Herrenhof Inn since this was the first, and potentially more widely read, translation.
It is well documented that Brod's original construction was based on religious themes and this was furthered by the Muirs in their translations.
Harman feels he has removed the bias in the translations toward this view, but many still feel this is the point of the book.
For example, the official Galater (the German word for Galatians), one of the initial regions to develop a strong Christian following from the work of Apostle Paul and his assistant Barnabas.
Hence it is no surprise that many feel that the work is a direct result of the political situation of the era in which it was written, which was shot through with anti-Semitism, remnants of the Habsburg monarchy, etc.
For instance, the treatment of the Barnabas family, with their requirement to first prove guilt before they could request a pardon from it and the way their fellow villagers desert them have been pointed out as a direct reference to the anti-Semitic climate at the time.
On the other hand, while Josef K.'s surroundings stay familiar even when strange events befall him, K. finds himself in a new world whose laws and rules are unfamiliar to him.
We decided to omit the variants and passages deleted by Kafka that are included in Pasley's second volume, even though variants can indeed shed light on the genesis of literary texts.
The chief objective of this new edition, which is intended for the general public, is to present the text in a form that is as close as possible to the state in which the author left the manuscript.
Some of this is due, as with Muir's translations, on accusations that Pasley compilations are also inaccurate, although better than Brod's.
There are numerous examples of passages from Pasley, Muir's translation and his translation to provide the reader with a better feel for the work.
In January 2013 the ship capsized and sunk at her moorings in the Argentine naval base of Puerto Belgrano due to lack of maintenance, being refloated in December 2015.
Construction began in 1973, but commissioning was long delayed by an improvised limpet mine attack carried out by divers of the guerrilla organization Montoneros on 22 August 1975.
The date was chosen as a retaliation for the Trelew massacre three years before, when a number of leftist militants, most of them from the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), were executed inside Almirante Zar air base, operated by the navy.
The raid was allegedly planned in imitation of Operation Frankton, a British commando attack against German shipping in Bordeaux during World War II.
The attack involved the use of a folding boat, frogmen and a limpet mine with of explosives, which was laid on the river bed below the destroyer after a failed attempt to attach the device to the hull.
The ship's bottom and electronics suffered severe damage, and completion was suspended for a year as a result of the attack.
In November 1981 she made her maiden voyage to Britain, where the destroyer carried out her first sea trials, and her crew was trained in the operation and launching of Sea Dart missiles.
A team of 84 amphibious commandos and 8 tactical divers landed at Mullet Creek at midnight in 21 Gemini boats lowered from her deck.
The wireless message demanding the surrender of the British Governor, Rex Hunt (governor), along with the Royal Marines detachment on the islands was also radioed from the destroyer.
During the remainder of the Falklands War, along with her sister ship , the unit served as the main escort to the aircraft carrier .
Late on 1 May, the carrier launched a number of S-2 Tracker surveillance aircraft, with the aim of finding the British Task Group.
The British aircraft, Sea Harrier XZ451 piloted by Flight Lieutenant Ian Mortimer and belonging to the 801 Naval Air Squadron, was fended off by the threat of the Sea Dart, but not before spotting the area of deployment of the Argentine fleet.
After realising that the enemy was not engaged in a major amphibious operation as supposed, which made any attempt of the Argentine against the British carriers extremely dangerous, the Argentine commander, Admiral Allara, decided to withdraw his forces to shallow waters close to the coast.
The destroyer lost her Lynx helicopter on 4 May when the aircraft hit her flight-deck as the Argentine fleet was redeploying.
She spent the next few days in dry dock to repair the mechanical problems which reduced her speed during the operations of 1 May.
Postcolonial feminism is a form of feminism that developed as a response to feminism focusing solely on the experiences of women in Western cultures.
Postcolonial feminism seeks to account for the way that racism and the long-lasting political, economic, and cultural effects of colonialism affect non-white, non-Western women in the postcolonial world.
Postcolonial feminism originated in the 1980s as a critique of feminist theorists in developed countries pointing out the universalizing tendencies of mainstream feminist ideas and argues that women living in non-Western countries are misrepresented.
Third World feminism stems from the idea that feminism in Third World countries is not imported from the First World, but originates from internal ideologies and socio-cultural factors.
Postcolonial feminism is sometimes criticized by mainstream feminism, which argues that postcolonial feminism weakens the wider feminist movement by dividing it.
When first-wave feminism originated in the late nineteenth century, it arose as a movement among white, middle-class women in the global North who were reasonably able to access both resources and education.
This population did not include the realities of women of color who felt the force of racial oppression or economically disadvantaged women who were forced out of the home and into blue-collar jobs.
However, first-wave feminism did succeed in getting votes for women and also, in certain countries, changing laws relating to divorce and care and maintenance of children.
Second-wave feminism began in the early 1960s and inspired women to look at the sexist power struggles that existed within their personal lives and broadened the conversation to include issues within the workplace, issues of sexuality, family, and reproductive rights.
First and second-wave feminist theory failed to account for differences between women in terms of race and class—it only addressed the needs and issues of white, Western women who started the movement.
Postcolonial feminism emerged as part of the third wave of feminism, which began in the 1980s, in tandem with many other racially focused feminist movements in order to reflect the diverse nature of each woman's lived experience.
In efforts to move away from 'grand narratives' stemmed from 'globalization', postcolonial theory was formed as a scholarly critique of colonial literature.
By acknowledging the differences among diverse groups of women, postcolonial feminism addresses what some call the oversimplification of Western feminism as solely a resistance against sexist oppression.
Postcolonial feminism is a relatively new stream of thought, developing primarily out of the work of the postcolonial theorists who concern themselves with evaluating how different colonial and imperial relations throughout the nineteenth century have impacted the way particular cultures view themselves.
This particular strain of feminism promotes a wider viewpoint of the complex layers of oppression that exist within any given society.
Postcolonial feminism began simply as a critique of both Western feminism and postcolonial theory, but later became a burgeoning method of analysis to address key issues within both fields.
Unlike mainstream postcolonial theory, which focuses on the lingering impacts that colonialism has had on the current economic and political institutions of countries, postcolonial feminist theorists are interested in analyzing why postcolonial theory fails to address issues of gender.
Postcolonial feminism also seeks to illuminate the tendency of Western feminist thought to apply its claims to women around the world because the scope of feminist theory is limited.
The concept of colonization occupies many different spaces within postcolonial feminist theory; it can refer to the literal act of acquiring lands or to forms of social, discursive, political, and economic enslavement in a society.
The differences between women, Lorde asserts, should be used as strengths to create a community in which women use their different strengths to support each other.
In this essay, Mohanty asserts that Western feminists write about Third World women as a composite, singular construction that is arbitrary and limiting.
She states that these women are depicted in writings as victims of masculine control and of traditional culture without incorporating information about historical context and cultural differences with the Third World.
This creates a dynamic where Western feminism functions as the norm against which the situation in the developing world is evaluated.
The most prominent point that Crowley makes in her article is that ethnography can be essential to problem solving, and that freedom does not mean the same thing to all the women of the world.
Postcolonial feminism began as a criticism of the failure of Western feminism to cope with the complexity of postcolonial feminist issues as represented in Third World feminist movements.
Western feminists and feminists outside of the West also often differ in terms of race and religion, which is not acknowledged in Western feminism and can cause other differences.
Western feminism tends to ignore or deny these differences, which discursively forces Third World women to exist within the world of Western women and their oppression to be ranked on an ethnocentric Western scale.
Thus, the examination of what truly binds women together is necessary in order to understand the goals of the feminist movements and the similarities and differences in the struggles of women worldwide.
The aim of the postcolonial feminist critique to traditional Western feminism is to strive to understand the simultaneous engagement in more than one distinct but intertwined emancipatory battle.
This is significant because feminist discourses are critical and liberatory in intent and are not thereby exempt from inscription in their internal power relations.
The hope of postcolonial feminists is that the wider feminist movement will incorporate these vast arrays of theories which are aimed at reaching a cultural perspective beyond the Western world by acknowledging the individual experiences of women around the world.
Ali Suki highlights the lack of representation of women of color in feminist scholarship comparing the weight of whiteness similar to the weight of masculinities.
This issue is not due to a shortage of scholarly work in the global South but a lack of recognition and circulation.
Most available feminist literature regarding the global South tends to be written by Western theorists resulting in the whitewashing of histories.
Feminist postcolonial theorists are not always unified in their reactions to postcolonial theory and Western feminism, but as a whole, these theorists have significantly weakened the bounds of mainstream feminism.
The intent of postcolonial feminism is to reduce homogenizing language coupled with an overall strategy to incorporate all women into the theoretical milieu.
The postcolonial feminist movements look at the gendered history of colonialism and how that continues to affect the status of women today.
In the 1940s and 1950s, after the formation of the United Nations, former colonies were monitored by the West for what was considered social progress.
As a result, traditional practices and roles taken up by women, sometimes seen as distasteful by Western standards, could be considered a form of rebellion against colonial rule.
These practices are generally looked down upon by Western women, but are seen as legitimate cultural practices in many parts of the world fully supported by practicing women.
Thus, the imposition of Western cultural norms may desire to improve the status of women but has the potential to lead to conflict.
In this way feminism and postcolonialism can be seen as having a similar goal in giving a voice to those that were voiceless in the traditional dominant social order.
While this holds significant value aiding new theory and debate to arise, there is no single story of global histories and Western imperialism is still significant.
Loomba suggests that colonialism carries both an inside and outside force in the evolution of a country concluding 'postcolonial' to be loaded with contradictions.
It is also closely affiliated with black feminism because both black feminists and postcolonial feminists argue that mainstream Western feminism fails to adequately account for racial differences.
Postcolonial feminists seek to tackle the ethnic conflict and racism that still exist and aims to bring these issues into feminist discourse.
In the past, mainstream Western feminism has largely avoided the issue of race, relegating it to a secondary issue behind patriarchy and somewhat separate from feminism.
Postcolonial feminism attempts to avoid speaking as if women were a homogeneous population with no differences in race, sexual preference, class, or even age.
This is primarily due to the perceived relationship between postcolonial feminism and other racially based feminist movements, especially black feminism and indigenous feminisms.
Postcolonial feminists want to force feminist theory to address how individual people can acknowledge racist presumptions, practices, and prejudices within their own lives attempting to halt its perpetuation through awareness.
Vera C. Mackie describes the history of feminist rights and women's activism in Japan from the late nineteenth century to present day.
Women in Japan began questioning their place in the social class system and began questioning their roles as subjects under the Emperor.
The book goes into detail about iconic Japanese women who stood out against gender oppression, including documents from Japanese feminists themselves.
Japan's oppression of women is written about displaying that women from yet another culture do not live under the same circumstances as women from western/white cultures.
There are different social conducts that occur in Asian countries that may seem oppressive to white feminists; according to Third World feminist ideologies, it is ideal to respect the culture that these women are living in while also implementing the same belief that they should not be oppressed or seen in any sort of sexist light.
Chilla Bulbeck discusses how feminism strives to fight for equality of the sexes through equal pay, equal opportunity, reproductive rights, and education.
She also goes on to write about how these rights apply to women in the global South as well but that depending on their country and culture, each individual's experience and needs are unique.
For example, representation of the Middle East and Islam focuses on the traditional practice of veiling as a way of oppressing women.
While Westerners may view the practice in this way, many women of the Middle East disagree and cannot understand how Western standards of oversexualized dress offer women liberation.
In the U.S., where Western culture flourishes most, it has a majority white population of 77.4% as of the 2014 U.S. census.
It was not until the victory of World War I that the Roaring Twenties emerged and gave women a chance to fight for independence.
Susan, Elizabeth, and many other feminist fought for the equality of rights for both women and African Americans; however, their accomplishments only benefited white middle-class women.
The lack of acknowledgement and acceptance of white privilege by white people is a main contributor to the inequality of rights in the United States.
White privilege, oppression, and exploitation in the U.S. and Western influenced countries are main contributors to the formation of other feminist movements such as black feminism, Islamic feminism, and many other movements.
Postcolonial and feminist theorists state that women are oppressed by both, patriarchy and the colonial power and that this is an ongoing process in many countries even after they achieved independence.
Postcolonial feminists are still concerned with identifying and revealing the specific effects double colonization has on female writers and how double colonization is represented and referred to in literature.
However, there is an ongoing discussion among theorists about whether the patriarchal or the colonial aspect are more pressing and which topic should be addressed more intensively.
Writers that are usually identified with the topic of double colonization and critique on Western feminism are for example Hazel V. Carby and Chandra Talpade Mohanty.
As postcolonial feminism is itself a critique of Western feminism, criticism of postcolonial feminism is often understood as a push back from Western feminism in defense of its aims.
One way in which the Western feminist movement criticizes postcolonial feminism is on the grounds that breaking down women into smaller groups to address the unique qualities and diversity of each individual causes the entire movement of feminism to lose purpose and power.
This criticism claims that postcolonial feminism is divisive, arguing that the overall feminist movement will be stronger if women can present a united front.
Like Western feminism, postcolonial feminism and Third World feminism are also in danger of being ethnocentric, limited by only addressing what is going on in their own culture at the expense of other parts of the world.
Generalizing colonialism can be extremely problematic as it translates into postcolonial feminism due to the contextual 'when, what, where, which, whose, and how' Suki Ali mentions in determining the postcolonial.
While postcolonial discourse has brought significant expansion of knowledge regarding feminist work, scholars have begun to rework and critique the field of postcolonial feminism developing a more well-rounded discourse termed transnational feminism.
The policy was advocated by the Communist Party of China chairman Hua Guofeng, Mao's successor, who had earlier ended the Cultural Revolution and arrested the Gang of Four.
It proved a trigger for Deng's manoeuvre in 1978 to gain control of economic policy in China, and led eventually to Hua being demoted from the party leadership in 1980.
In ice hockey, power forward (PWF) is a loosely applied characterization of a forward who is big and strong, equally capable of playing physically or scoring goals and would most likely have high totals in both points and penalties.
It is usually used in reference to a forward who is physically large, with the toughness to dig the puck out of the corners, possesses offensive instincts, has mobility, puck-handling skills, may be difficult to knock off the puck or to push away from the front of the goal and willingly engage in fights when he feels it is required.
Players who have been described as power forwards include Wendel Clark, Ryan Getzlaf, Clark Gillies, Jarome Iginla, Tim Kerr, John LeClair, Eric Lindros, Milan Lucic, Mark Messier, Alex Ovechkin, Keith Primeau, Brendan Shanahan, Ryan Smyth, Kevin Stevens, Keith Tkachuk, and Rick Tocchet.
In April 2007, the webcomic was picked up by United Media, which syndicated the webcomic online at Comics.com until February 2009.
The novel was originally supposed to be Palahniuk's first novel to be published, but it was rejected by the publisher for being too disturbing.
The narrator of the story is an unnamed disfigured woman who goes by multiple identities, notably Daisy St. Patience and Bubba Joan—identities that were given to her by Brandy Alexander, with whom she spends the majority of the book.
Her older brother, Shane, was kicked out of the house for being gay after a test for strep throat revealed itself to be gonorrhea.
After their parents receive a stranger's phone call that Shane is dead from AIDS, they become obsessive supporters of gay rights, so that even in death, Shane gets more parental attention than the narrator.
During their sessions, Brandy attempts to teach the narrator how to give herself a new life and a new identity, giving her a new name, Daisy St. Patience, the first among many new identities given to the narrator.
Because of the rapid non-linear motion of the novel's events, the narrator has often referred to Manus as Seth, an identity given to him by Brandy, and it is not until this moment in the novel that the reader learns that Manus and Seth are the same person.
The narrator learns that Brandy Alexander is really her brother, Shane, and that he strives to look like his sister (the narrator) through surgery.
They travel the country, and while pretending to be viewing rich homes for sale, steal whatever drugs or medication they can find and alternately ingest and sell them.
Her mother reveals that they are marrying Evie off to save themselves trouble, and also discloses that Evie used to be a man, and transitioned at a young age.
Evie told Brandy of the narrator's gun accident, and Brandy reveals she has known that the narrator, Shannon McFarland, was her sister since the beginning of their friendship.
Leaving her pocket book with all of her identification, she tells a sleeping Brandy that since Shane is still confused about what he wants out of life, he can have the only thing she has left, her identity.
In the Remix version, it is revealed that Shannon, now going by Daisy St. Patience full-time, has created a cemetery after her parents have died, in which you can bury relatives you disliked with spiteful sayings carved into the tombstones.
It contains a new author's introduction, explaining that the linear structure of the first edition was not the novel's original intent.
Instead, this new edition of the novel presents the chapters in mixed order with instructions on which chapter to read next, and new chapters have also been added.
MacLaren Productions Inc. acquired rights to the novel in 2009 and planned to begin production of a film adaptation in Vancouver in spring 2011 but this never materialised.
The company established a website to help raise support where people can demand the book be made into a movie by submitting their email, name and location online.
CHCH's studios are located near the corner of Jackson and Caroline Streets in downtown Hamilton, with additional offices at the Marriott on the Falls in Niagara Falls, Ontario.
On cable, the station is available on Cogeco Cable channel 12 in Hamilton and Niagara Region, and channel 10 in Halton Region, and Rogers Cable channels 11 and 121 in the Greater Toronto Area.
There is also a high definition feed on Cogeco digital channel 707 in Hamilton, Halton and Niagara, and Rogers Cable digital channel 521 in the Greater Toronto Area, and on Shaw Direct classic lineup channel 36 and advanced lineup channel 536.
On satellite, the station is available nationwide on Shaw Direct classic lineup channel 345 and advanced lineup channel 41, and on Bell TV on channels 211 (standard definition) and 1057 (high definition).
CHCH also streams all of its local programming and a limited amount of syndicated programming live on the Internet, with no provider restrictions; since April 2019, CHCH's online feed has been restricted to IP addresses outside Ontario.
CHCH-TV was founded by Ken Soble, a leader of Hamilton's urban renewal movement, and owner of radio station CHML (900 AM).
CHCH became the first (and for over a decade, the only) television station in Canada not to be affiliated with any network, as the other private stations (which signed on the air in 1960 or early 1961) that were not affiliated with the CBC had formed the CTV network in October 1961.
In the mid-1960s, CHCH was the lead station in United Program Purchase, a consortium of Canadian television stations which began purchasing some programming rights separately from the CTV and CBC networks.
In the fall of that year, Soble's Niagara Television, the licensee of CHCH, put forward a proposal for a network to be branded as NTV.
However, the application faced numerous regulatory hurdles and delays, and its main financial backer, Power Corporation of Canada, backed out in 1969.
By 1970, however, the network application was revived by former CHCH executive Al Bruner's new Global Communications corporation, with Niagara Television and CHCH no longer involved in the bid; the Global Television Network network launched in 1974 on the new CKGN-TV.
Despite the station's lack of success in becoming a full-fledged network, it did become one of Canada's most prominent syndicators of non-network programming in the 1970s and 1980s, with many of its locally produced entertainment programs airing on television stations across Canada and sometimes internationally.
CHCH became a national superstation on January 1, 1982, when Cancom (now Shaw Broadcast Services) began carrying the station and three others (CHAN-TV Vancouver, CITV Edmonton, and TCTV, essentially a rebroadcaster of CFTM-TV Montreal) to cable television providers in remote regions of the country that otherwise only had access to the CBC.
Although the station had been available on cable television in many Ontario markets for years, its broadcast signal coverage was expanded throughout Ontario in 1997 with the launch of several rebroadcasters, in an effort to compete with the reach of Global's Ontario station CIII (channel 6), and with the Baton Broadcast System, a group of mostly CTV-affiliated stations that served most of the province.
Local news programming shifted focus from the station's core market, the Hamilton area, toward Ontario as a whole, in an attempt to challenge what was then a regional news service provided by Global.
However, with Hamilton now being largely an afterthought, and other local stations (in Toronto and elsewhere) already strong in the ratings, the shift was unsuccessful, and CHCH's ratings decreased.
Despite the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's (CRTC) television station ownership restrictions (one station per owner, per language in each market), Canwest was permitted to maintain CHCH's coverage of other markets throughout most of Ontario.
In March 2009 paperwork filed with the CRTC for a one-year renewal of CHCH's licence revealed that the station was projected to lose nearly $30 million during the station's 2010 fiscal year which began on September 1, 2009 – with projected revenues of just $41 million against costs of $69 million.
On June 30, 2009, Channel Zero announced that it would purchase CHCH and CJNT in Montreal from Canwest in exchange for $12 in cash and the assumption of various station liabilities.
Channel Zero took control of the station's programming at 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time on the morning of August 31, beginning its tenure with a film from the 1980s.
Coinciding with the schedule changes was the introduction of an updated version of CHCH's classic multi-coloured logo used from the 1960s to the 1980s.
On April 10, 2011 Green Party leader Elizabeth May participated in a panel interview on CHCH, which she was invited to attend, as were the leaders of the Bloc Québécois, Liberals, New Democratic Party and Conservatives, by Channel Zero, whose president was disappointed by May's exclusion from the 2011 election leaders' debates.
On April 18, 2011, CKXT-TV converted from an independent station to a simulcast of the Sun News Network, leaving CHCH as the only independent station in the Toronto/Hamilton area (the station ceased operations approximately seven months later on November 1, 2011).
The substitution appeared to have been made by a cable operator during repairs of severed cable lines, and not at CHCH, leaving the station's over-the-air viewers and subscribers of other cable and satellite providers unaffected.
Channel Zero denied that the programme in question came from any of its adult-oriented Category B specialty channels (Maleflixxx Television, XXX TV and AOV TV).
Though the station remained on the air, CHCH's daytime rolling news format was discontinued at 4:00 p.m., with Channel Zero CEO Romen Podzyhun appearing on the air to announce that the station's local newscasts would remain off the air through the weekend, and would return on December 14.
In addition, Channel Zero announced that Channel 11, L.P., the subsidiary that had produced CHCH's newscasts since 2009, had filed for bankruptcy.
Podzyhun blamed this on a loss of federal subsidy and an inability to draw national advertising revenue to a locally oriented station, but stated that the station itself was not shutting down.
In 2015, CHCH-DT teamed up with fellow independent CJON-DT and the three Yes TV stations (including nearby station CITS-DT) to share and syndicate YesTV's secular programming in arrangement referred to in advertising sales information as the Net5 alliance (referring to the three O&Os and two affiliates).
Since Fall 2016, CHCH has replaced many airings of these programs with newly acquired daytime shows on weekdays, and movies on the weekends.
In the spring of 2016, Channel Zero put the studios of CHCH-DT (from which the station has continuously operated, starting in 1954) on the market.
In October 2018, CHCH announced a new location for their studios, leaving their long-time location on Jackson Street West in downtown Hamilton, and moving to 4 Innovation Drive in Flamborough.
The property is to be renovated for a news operation, which the station hopes to have up and running by the spring of 2021.
As of September 2018, CHCH's daytime programming consists of locally produced newscasts geared primarily to the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, and a block of classic television series airing weekdays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. and featuring sitcoms and dramas from the 1970s and 1980s.
In primetime, the station runs only a handful of first-run domestic and American entertainment programs during primetime and the late evening hours as well as movies.
A syndication deal with 20th Television provided the station with programming from both the National Geographic Channel and the MTM Enterprises libraries, but by September 2018, most of the National Geographic programming was dropped as the station had reformatted to emphasize its retro programming.
system, the two stations jointly purchased a virtually identical lineup of prime time programming at first, although their prime time schedules later began to diverge.
For a time, CHCH broadcast local mid-week telecasts of NHL games from the Toronto Maple Leafs, and co-produced Buffalo Sabres games with Adelphia Cable and the Sabres' owners.
For a number of years, CHCH also broadcast Sunday afternoon coverage of regular season games from the NFL's Buffalo Bills because CTV (and later, the Global Television Network) had to choose the Detroit Lions for its Ontario stations as part of that network's NFL coverage (the Bills are now seen primarily on Sportsnet Ontario; the Lions have returned to CTV).
McMaster Marauders university football was broadcast on the station during the late 1990s and early 2000s; beginning in 2015, CHCH resumed carrying Ontario University Athletics football, carrying the conference's playoff tournaments and, beginning in 2017 after City passed on the package, some regular season games as well.
Weekend news consists of an hour-long evening newscast which airs at 6 p.m., and half-hour at 11 p.m. both Saturday and Sunday.
In late 2008, Canwest placed CHCH's longest serving news anchors, Connie Smith (whose last day on the air occurred on November 28, 2008) and Dan McLean (who left on December 12) on forced retirement, blaming financial troubles and budget cuts.
Since being taken over by Channel Zero on August 31, 2009, Hamm and Cowan have co-hosted a restored hour-long newscast at noon.
The simulcast on CIII was dropped at the end of August after Channel Zero took control of CHCH, with CIII replacing it with lifestyle programming reruns and rebroadcasts of its 11:00 p.m. newscast from the previous night.
While the station continued to share helicopter traffic services provided by the Canadian Traffic Network, the arrangement between Canwest and CHCH ended on December 31, 2009 as Canwest held the exclusive rights to CTN services in the Greater Toronto Area.
Upon becoming an independent station on August 31, 2009, the station adopted a news-intensive format, replacing network programming in the 9:00 a.m. to noon and 1:00 to 4:00 p.m. periods on weekdays with expanded newscasts.
Before declaring bankruptcy in December 2015, CHCH-DT broadcast 77 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 15 hours on weekdays and two hours each on Saturdays and Sundays).
Its heavy weekday newscast total was largely due to a prominent daytime rolling news block on weekdays (airing from 4:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., along with an hour-long newscast at 6:00 p.m., and 11:00 p.m.).
On December 11, 2015, at 4:00 p.m., Channel Zero CEO and Chairman Romen Podzyhun announced, in a pre-recorded message, that Channel 11 L.P., the division responsible for providing news programming for CHCH and the employer of the relevant staff, was declaring bankruptcy, and news programming was suspended immediately.
Chris Fuoco, Channel Zero vice-president, said that by 3 p.m. on December 15, 77 people had accepted the offer of employment with the new company.
The restructuring was viewed by some as a union-busting attempt in light of a December 14 note sent by a CHCH News Account manager, Kathleen Marks, to a prospective advertiser indicating that the new company would not be burdened by the union or old CanWest debt.
The amount offered to laid-off employees is in dispute with Channel Zero claiming a minimum of $4000 to be paid per person (for any accrued vacation, expense reimbursements and regular pay) and some employees disputing that amount.
A news item on the CHCH web site, dated December 15, indicated that no severance pay had been offered to any employee, although all were union members.
On September 7, 2016, CHCH announced the return of local weekend news programming with two half hours of news at 6pm and 11pm starting October 29, 2016, citing advertiser and viewer demand.
On August 28, 1996, CHCH received Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approval to add new rebroadcast transmitters across most of Ontario.
During the analog television shutdown and digital conversion in August 2011, CHCH's transmitters in Ottawa, London, and Muskoka (serving Barrie, part of the Toronto market) were converted to digital, since the transmitters were in or near markets that were mandated to make the switch.
However, the transmitters broadcast in standard-definition 480i since they receive the CHCH signal via Shaw Broadcast Services, which does not carry CHCH's HD feed.
CHCH shut down its analogue signal, over VHF channel 11, on August 15, 2011, two weeks prior to the August 31 date on which Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts.
On March 9, 2012, Channel Zero-operated numbered company 2190015 Ontario Inc. was granted permission to move the station's broadcasts from VHF channel 11 to UHF channel 15 (which had recently been vacated by CKXT-DT-1), in response to poor reception of CHCH-DT along its fringes in the Greater Toronto Area, compared to its former analogue signal on VHF channel 11 and transitional digital signal on UHF channel 18.
During the application process, the station also claimed that Mobile DTV services perform better in the UHF band, and this move would allow the station to plan for a potential Mobile DTV feed.
Industry Canada stated that this application is technically feasible, though pirate broadcaster Star Ray TV, had broadcast in analogue on UHF channel 15 from a transmitter in The Beaches neighbourhood of Toronto.
Tri-State Christian Television's WNYB from Jamestown, New York also has a Buffalo-based translator, WBNF-CD, on UHF channel 15, which would require addressing by the CRTC due to the closer location of CHCH's transmitter to WBNF-CD.
On December 2, 2013, CHCH moved its digital signal to channel 15, allowing CHCH to broadcast with a considerably higher power of 132 kW compared to 6 kW on channel 11 and 60 kW from their former transitional digital frequency on channel 18.
Laudium was created by the Apartheid government as part of their policy aimed at moving ethnic groups out of Marabastad and central Pretoria, which were zoned as 'White Areas' following the passage of the Group Areas Act.
The eastern portion of the original Claudius retained its name and white population for a time, but the white population of Claudius has long since been displaced by Indians (it was eventually also declared an Indian area by the Apartheid government, to reduce housing shortages in Laudium), and Claudius had effectively become an extension of Laudium by 1980.
Claudius straddles the R55 (Quagga Road), and parts of Second Avenue, Third Avenue, and Cuprene Street technically are part of Claudius, along with Sunrise School , however this smaller part of Cladius, west of the R55 is often regarded as part of Laudium, with the R55 being commonly thought of as the dividing line.
Extensions 2 and 3 are hilly, and lie north of a railway line that linked the PPC dolomite quarry near Erasmia with Iscor's Pretoria Works.
The railway line was abandoned by the mid-2000s, however, the railway right-of-way is still clearly visible, and it limits the road linkages between the upper and lower parts of Laudium to a bridge connecting Bengal Street to First Avenue, and a link between 19th Avenue and 33rd Avenue that was constructed in the early 1990s.
In 2012, Claudius east of the R55 had a wall and security gate system (road closure) installed, which residents have free access to as every resident paid a small portion of the cost of building the wall however, visitors have to fill out an entry/visitors book before entering, making it a gated community.
Laudium has a large number of Muslims and Hindus Hindu and Muslim residents, with a large number of temples and mosques, the oldest temple being the Shree Pretoria Hindu Seva Samaj and mosque PMT Jumma Masjid in Jewel Street.
There are also many recent South Asian (Indian and Pakistani) residents, who immigrated to South Africa after the end of Apartheid.
Laudium is a relatively wealthy area (which is unusual for a township), with very large mansions visible from the R55 road.
However, the Indian township of Lotus Gardens was established in the early 1990s, north of Church Street, and many Indian families from White Blocks were relocated there, and some old units were torn down.
Another public housing development, in Extension 2, consisting of council flats, was later sold to residents, and is now called Himalaya Heights and Bangladesh Heights.
Significant numbers of more affluent Indian residents began relocating out of Laudium, to newly established nearby security estates in western Centurion in the late 2000s.
The black township of Atteridgeville lies directly north of Laudium, although the two areas are separated by a series of hills, and no direct tarred road link exists between the two.
Extension 1 consists of the western part of White Blocks, Extension 2 lies on the eastern portion of the hills north of the original suburb, and Extension 3 is west of Extension 2.
The municipal Geographic Information System also lists and Extension 4, which is west of the suburb, and consists of non-residential land, including the Laudium Cemetery, the Laudium Stadium, Hindu seva samaj school and Tshwane Muslim School.
While the government schools continue to be staffed mostly by Indian teachers, most of the pupils in these schools are black and commute daily from black townships.
A generation of Indian children who by far are the poor majority are deprived and lost cause the government educational system is a failed system churning out poorly equipped children with little or no skills for the life ahead of them.
The Transvaal College of Education, which trained Indian teachers in the former Transvaal province was moved to a large campus in Laudium.
However, after the end of apartheid, the college was deemed redundant and closed down (Indian teachers were no longer barred from colleges formerly used by white teachers).
Many residents of Laudium are bitter that since the demise of apartheid the school was not utilized to further the interests of the community.
The department of higher Education ignored many requests from the Indian community to utlized the college for the benefit of the Indian community and pushed ahead with the sports college and as a result many residents opting to vote for other political parties besides the ANC.
The Rosina Sedibane college is currently mismanaged and was involved in 2018 in a financial fraud scandal to the amount of over 3 million rands.
In addition the school is poorly managed as highlighted by the case involving a pupil who was brain injured and sucessfuly sued the department of Education to the tune of over 7 million rands for negligence.
The Laudium Hospital, a state hospital created under apartheid for Indians from Laudium and surrounding areas, closed down, and is now the Laudium Community Health Centre.
However after sunset the nurses on duty call a doctor in who arrives after a long time only to refer you to crumbling Kalafong hospital which has a terrible reputation.
Hence most members of the community do not waste their time even visiting the health care center and rather make use of private health care service providers.
In addition to the community healthcare center a clinic operates at the heart in the CBD of Laudium which is a municipal clinic controlled by the municipality.
Laudium also had only one entrance west of the R55 road, which links Laudium to central Pretoria as well as Centurion.
A dual carriageway links Laudium with central Pretoria, while the deteriorated single-carriageway link to Centurion was upgraded to a dual carriageway by 2013.
The N14 westbound from the R55 connects Laudium and surrounding areas to the West Rand, and the eastbound lanes are used to access the N1 to Johannesburg, via the Brakfontein interchange in Centurion.
Road links to the economically and academically important eastern suburbs of Pretoria are poor, usually requiring drivers to traverse the city centre or rat run across the Thaba Tshwane military base.
Public transport links are limited, and, although limited municipal bus services were introduced following the end of apartheid, minibus taxis remain the primary mode of public transport.
Most of them have not obtained or have been refused municipal approval for this conversion due to the fact that the Centurion municipality is still dominated by white apartheid era townplanners who are out of touch with the community and its development needs.
The dynamic has changed considerably since the end of apartheid and the white townplanners in Centurion who are in charge of Laudium albeit seldom have vist the area insist on keeping it according to the regional spacial development framework put forward by themselves who do not reside in Laudium.
Again this is a further reflection of the greater picture in the country in which the majority of small business in all suburbs, townships and metropolitan areas are foreign owned.
Laudium BBM a division of Laudium Today is a whatsapp broadcast group and is the prime source of news for the community.
However since the demise of apartheid and the criminal justice system in South Africa the drug problem in Laudium (and the rest of South Africa) has exploded.
The problem has affected all levels and classes of Indian society from the poorest of the poor to the richest of the rich.
If in the rare event a drug dealer is arrested (when an outside Police operation often from higher ups during election time) it is common to find the drug dealer out on bail the next morning.
As a result those Indian families that can afford tend to migrate to the leafy security Centurion estates of Raslouw, Eldoglen and Eldolakes.
Frank Simmons Leavitt (June 30, 1891 – May 29, 1953) was an American professional wrestler of the early 1900s, known by the ring name Man Mountain Dean.
This led to a lifelong interest in competitive sport, and also enabled him to lie about his age in order to join the Army at the age of fourteen.
While enlisted he saw duty on the Mexico–United States border with John J. Pershing, and was later sent to France where he participated in combat during World War I.
Although he played with the New York Brickley Giants of the National Football League from 1919–20, he concentrated most of his efforts on professional wrestling.
Leavitt wrestled with limited success at first, and after an injury took a job as a police officer in Miami, Florida.
This would be the beginning of a subsidiary movie career for Dean, who would appear in various roles in twelve other movies, playing himself in five of them.
Meanwhile, he continued a successful wrestling career, participating altogether in 6,783 professional bouts and commanding fees upwards of $1,500 for each match.
Dean ran for a seat in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1938 but withdrew his candidacy, citing discomfort with the political process.
During World War II he again joined the Army despite his age, and eventually retired with the rank of master sergeant.
Dean died of a heart attack in his home in Norcross, Georgia, aged 61, in 1953, and is buried in Marietta National Cemetery under a military marker bearing his birth name and an erroneous year of birth (1889).
Claes was forced to resign from his NATO position after he was found guilty of corruption, which was uncovered during the investigation into André Cools' death.
A witness known as X3 in the Marc Dutroux investigation identified Claes as one of those present during alleged torture, sexual abuse and murder of children.
He also served as deputy prime minister five times, and was an important negotiator in the formation of coalition governments during the 1980s.
Claes was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1992 until 1994, during which period he presided over Belgium's withdrawal from the UN peacekeeping mission in Rwanda during the Rwandan genocide.
Claes was also Secretary General of NATO from 1994 until 1995, when he resigned after the discovery of a bribe of over 50 million Belgian francs (BEF), accepted at the time he was minister of economic affairs and connected to the defence contract negotiations with Agusta and Dassault.
Freeman Lowell, one of four crewmen aboard, is the resident botanist and ecologist who carefully maintains a variety of plants for their eventual return to Earth and the reforestation of the planet.
After four of the six domes are jettisoned and blown up, Lowell rebels and opts instead to save the plants and animals on his ship.
Lowell kills one of his crew-mates who arrives to plant explosives in his favorite dome, and his right leg is seriously injured in the process.
Later, as the ship endures the rough passage, Drone 3 (Louie) is lost, but the ship and its remaining dome emerge relatively undamaged on the other side of the rings.
Huey is damaged when Lowell accidentally collides with him while driving a buggy recklessly, and Dewey sentimentally refuses to leave Huey's side during the repairs.
As time passes, Lowell is horrified when he discovers that his bio-dome is dying, but is unable to come up with a solution to the problem.
It is then that he realizes a lack of light has restricted plant growth, and he races to install lamps to correct this situation.
The final scene is of the now well-lit forest greenhouse drifting into deep space, with Dewey tenderly caring for it, holding a battered old watering can.
Director Stanley Kubrick had wanted the Stargate sequence of that film to be about Saturn, but there were technical difficulties in getting the special effects for it finished in the limited time available.
The forest environments were originally intended to be filmed in the Mitchell Park Domes in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but the production budget forced the sequences to be shot in a newly completed aircraft hangar in Van Nuys, California.
Each ship features a designation on the hull which notes the area from which some of the flora and fauna samples were taken.
After filming was completed, American Airlines expressed an interest in sending the model on the tour circuit, but this was not feasible due to the fragile nature of the model (in fact, during filming pieces of the model kept falling off).
Several domes survive, including one that now rests in the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame in Seattle, Washington, and another which was sold at auction in 2008.
The three drones were played by four bilateral amputees, an idea inspired by Johnny Eck, a sideshow performer of the early 20th century who had been born without lower limbs.
In addition, an LP was released on Decca in 1972 (DL 7-9188) and later reissued by Varese Sarabande on black (STV-81072) and green (VC-81072) vinyl.
Praise is mainly focused on the special effects and Bruce Dern's performance, while the script and storyline are criticised as weak.
It was written by Harlan Thompson, a long-time children's book author, based on the screen story and screenplay by Cimino, Washburn, and Bochco.
Dharam Singh Deol or known by his mononymous stage name Dharmendra (born 8 December 1935) is an Indian film actor, producer, and politician.
He was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India, representing Bikaner constituency in Rajasthan from Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Dharmendra was born Dharam Singh Deol in Nasrali, a village in Ludhiana district, Punjab on 8 December, 1935 to Kewal Kishan Singh Deol and Satwant Kaur in a Punjabi Jat family, His ancestral village is Dangon, near Pakhowal Tehsil Raikot, Ludhiana.
He spent his early life in the village of Sahnewal and studied at Government Senior Secondary School at Lalton Kalan, Ludhiana, where his father was the village school's headmaster.
While accepting the award from Dilip Kumar and his wife Saira Banu, Dharmendra became emotional and remarked that he had never won any Filmfare award in the Best Actor category despite having worked in so many successful films and nearly a hundred popular movies.
Dharmendra served as a Member of the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) representing Bikaner in Rajasthan from 2004 to 2009 on behalf of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
He rarely attended Parliament when the house was in session, preferring to spend the time shooting for movies or doing farm-work at his farm house.
After moving to Bombay and getting into the film business, Dharmendra married Hema Malini after allegedly converting to Islam to stay married to his first wife without having to get a divorce, although he later denied any conversion to Islam.
He is said to have watched her film 'Dillagi' (1949) 40 times, after having to walk several miles on foot in his hometown Sahnewal to go to the nearest cinema hall.
The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.
Despite the occupation of Poland by hostile powers, the government-in-exile exerted considerable influence in Poland during World War II through the structures of the Polish Underground State and its military arm, the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) resistance.
Abroad, under the authority of the government-in-exile, Polish military units that had escaped the occupation fought under their own commanders as part of Allied forces in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
After the war, as the Polish territory came under the control of the People's Republic of Poland, a Soviet satellite state, the government-in-exile remained in existence, though largely unrecognized and without effective power.
Only after the end of Communist rule in Poland did the government-in-exile formally pass on its responsibilities to the new government of the Third Polish Republic in December 1990.
From 1940, following the Fall of France, the government moved to London, and remained in the United Kingdom until its dissolution in 1990.
On 17 September 1939, the President of the Polish Republic, Ignacy Mościcki, who was then in the small town of Kuty (now Ukraine) near the southern Polish border, issued a proclamation about his plan to transfer power and appointing Władysław Raczkiewicz, the Marshal of the Senate, as his successor.
Raczkiewicz, who was already in Paris, immediately took his constitutional oath at the Polish Embassy and became President of the Republic of Poland.
Most of the Polish Navy escaped to Britain, and tens of thousands of Polish soldiers and airmen escaped through Hungary and Romania or across the Baltic Sea to continue the fight in France.
Many Poles subsequently took part in Allied operations: in Norway (Narvik), in France in 1940 and in 1944, in the Battle of Britain, in the Battle of the Atlantic, in North Africa (notably Tobruk), Italy (notably at Cassino and Ancona), at Arnhem, Wilhelmshaven, and elsewhere.
Under the Sikorski–Mayski agreement of July 1941 Polish soldiers taken prisoner by the Soviet Union in 1939, were released to form Anders' Army, intended to fight Nazi Germany in the USSR, but instead transferred via Iran to fight with US and British forces.
The Polish government in exile, based first in Paris, then in Angers, France, where Władysław Raczkiewicz lived at the Château de Pignerolle near Angers from 2 December 1939 until June 1940.
Politically, it was a coalition of the Polish Peasant Party, the Polish Socialist Party, the Labour Party and the National Party, although these parties maintained only a vestigial existence in the circumstances of war.
When Germany launched a war against the Soviets in 1941, the Polish government in exile established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union against Hitlerism, but also in order to help Poles persecuted by the NKVD.
On 12 August 1941 the Kremlin signed a one-time amnesty, extending to thousands of Polish soldiers who had been taken prisoner in 1939 by the Red Army in eastern Poland, including many Polish civilian prisoners and deportees entrapped in Siberia.
They were evacuated to Iran and the Middle East, where they were desperately needed by the British, hard pressed by Rommel's Afrika Korps.
These Polish units formed the basis for the Polish II Corps, led by General Władysław Anders, which together with other, earlier-created Polish units fought alongside the Allies.
During the war, especially from 1942 on, the Polish government in exile provided the Allies with some of the earliest and most accurate accounts of the ongoing Holocaust of European Jews and, through its representatives, like the Foreign Minister Count Edward Raczyński and the courier of the Polish Underground movement, Jan Karski, called for action, without success, to stop it.
The note the Foreign Minister, Count Edward Raczynski, sent on 10 December 1942 to the Governments of the United Nations was the first official denunciation by any Government of the mass extermination and of the Nazi aim of total extermination of the Jewish population.
It was also the first official document singling out the sufferings of European Jews as Jews and not only as citizens of their respective countries of origin.
The note of 10 December 1942 and the Polish Government efforts triggered the Declaration of the Allied Nations of 17 December 1942.
In April 1943, the Germans announced that they had discovered at Katyn Wood, near Smolensk, Russia, mass graves of 10,000 Polish officers (the German investigation later found 4,443 bodies) who had been taken prisoner in 1939 and murdered by the Soviets.
Since it was clear that it would be the Soviet Union, not the western Allies, who would liberate Poland from the Germans, this breach had fateful consequences for Poland.
In an unfortunate coincidence, Sikorski, widely regarded as the most capable of the Polish exile leaders, was killed in an air crash at Gibraltar in July 1943.
During 1943 and 1944, the Allied leaders, particularly Winston Churchill, tried to bring about a resumption of talks between Stalin and the Polish government in exile.
Stalin insisted that the territories annexed by the Soviets in 1939, which had millions of Poles in addition to Ukrainian and Belarusian populations, should remain in Soviet hands, and that Poland should be compensated with lands to be annexed from Germany.
In contrast, Tomasz Arciszewski, who had succeeded Mikołajczyk as Prime Minister, had announced in 1944 that Poland did not wish to annex Breslau or Stettin, but at most wanted East Prussia cleared of its German inhabitants.
Mikołajczyk and his colleagues in the Polish government-in-exile insisted on making a stand in the defense of Poland's pre-1939 eastern border (retaining its Kresy region) as a basis for the future Polish-Soviet border.
The government-in-exile's refusal to accept the proposed new Polish borders infuriated the Allies, particularly Churchill, making them less inclined to oppose Stalin on issues of how Poland's postwar government would be structured.
In the end, the exiles lost on both issues: Stalin annexed the eastern territories, and was able to impose the communist-dominated Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland as the legitimate authority of Poland.
However, Poland preserved its status as an independent state, despite the arguments of some influential Communists, such as Wanda Wasilewska, in favor of Poland becoming a republic of the Soviet Union.
In November 1944, despite his mistrust of the Soviets, Mikołajczyk resigned to return to Poland and take office in the Provisional Government of National Unity, a new government established under the auspices of the Soviet occupation authorities comprising his faction and much of the old Provisional Government.
Many Polish exiles opposed this action, believing that this government was a façade for the establishment of Communist rule in Poland.
The Communist-dominated bloc was credited with over 80 percent of the vote, a result that was only obtained through large-scale fraud.
The opposition claimed it would have won in a landslide (as much as 80 percent, by some estimates) had the election been honest.
In November, at a meeting with the Silesian society, Mikołajczyk was informed that he was to be arrested along with his advisor Paweł Zaleski.
Paweł waited a few days with Mikołaj and his father-in-law, Aries of Kamionka in Korfantów near Głuchołazy, before a transfer was organized.
Meanwhile, the Polish government in exile had maintained its existence, but France on 29 June 1945, then the United States and United Kingdom on 5 July 1945 withdrew their recognition.
The Polish Armed Forces in exile were disbanded in 1945, and most of their members, unable to safely return to Communist Poland, settled in other countries.
The London Poles had to vacate the Polish embassy on Portland Place and were left only with the president's private residence at 43 Eaton Place.
The government in exile became largely symbolic of continued resistance to foreign occupation of Poland, while retaining some important archives from prewar Poland.
The Republic of Ireland, Francoist Spain and the Vatican City (until 1979) were the last countries to recognize the government in exile, though the Vaticanthrough Secretary of State Domenico Tardinihad withdrawn diplomatic privileges from the envoy of the Polish pre-war government in 1959.
One group, claiming to represent 80% of 500,000 anti-Communist Poles exiled since the war, was opposed to President August Zaleski's continuation in office when his seven-year term expired.
It formed a Council of National Unity in July 1954, and set up a Council of Three to exercise the functions of head of state, comprising Tomasz Arciszewski, General Władysław Anders, and Edward Raczyński.
Some supporters of the government in exile eventually returned to Poland, such as Prime Minister Hugon Hanke in 1955 and his predecessor Stanisław Mackiewicz in 1956.
The Soviet-installed government in Warsaw campaigned for the return of the exiles, promising decent and dignified employment in communist Polish administration and forgiveness of past transgressions.
When Soviet influence over Poland came to an end in 1989, there was still a president and a cabinet of eight meeting every two weeks in London, commanding the loyalty of about 150,000 Polish veterans and their descendants living in Britain, including 35,000 in London alone.
In December 1990, when Lech Wałęsa became the first non-Communist president of Poland since the war, he received the symbols of the Polish Republic (the presidential banner, the presidential and state seals, the presidential sashes, and the original text of the 1935 Constitution) from the last president of the government in exile, Ryszard Kaczorowski.
A self-adhesive stamp is a postage stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not require moistening in order to adhere to paper.
They were first issued by such tropical climates as Sierra Leone in February 1964 and Tonga in April 1969 in an attempt to avoid the tendency of traditional water-activated stamps to stick together in humid conditions.
The United States Postal Service's first foray into self-adhesive stamps was in 1974 with the 10-cent dove weathervane, produced by Avery Dennison, that soon became discolored due to the instability of the adhesive.
They also found them difficult to remove from covers, and to save in mint condition, though self-adhesives of recent years have improved in these respects.
Tabrez was a chemist from the UK who, while working at Avery Label Center of Excellence arrived at the best technological solution and subsequently drove the product to market.
The British Post Office first issued self-adhesive stamps on October 19, 1993, with the introduction of books of 20 first class stamps, later a second class stamp was introduced.
Die cutting tools for the UK self adhesive stamps were manufactured by Arden Dies of Stockport, Cheshire using tools designed by Robert Clapham.
Outside of the philatelic community, the stamps have been welcomed as more convenient; by 2002, virtually all new USPS stamps were issued as self-adhesives.
Some collectors of used stamps have discovered that although not readily removable by water, the self-adhesives can be removed with Bestine (a hexane solvent), benzine (petroleum ether), or a natural based citrus solvent containing d-limonene (e.g., Pure Citrus Orange is an air freshener product that works for this purpose).
Joining ASCAP in 1917, his chief musical collaborators included Miltor Ager, Walter Donaldson, Fred Fisher, George Meyer, Joseph Meyer, Jimmy Monaco, Al Sherman, Harry Warren, Percy Wenrich, Harry M. Woods, David Brockman, James Kendis, Archie Gottler, and W. Edward Breuder.
Colin James and the Little Big Band II is a swing-jive album by Canadian musician Colin James, released in 1999 (see 1999 in music).
The year 1953 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, including the first description of the DNA double helix, the discovery of neutrinos, and the release of the first polio vaccine.
The Kiryat Menachem bus bombing was a suicide bombing which occurred on November 21, 2002 in a public bus in the neighborhood of Kiryat Menachem in Jerusalem, Israel.
On November 21, 2002, at around 7:00 am, Palestinian suicide bomber Na'el Abu Hilail, wearing an explosives belt packed with five-kilograms of explosives and shrapnel, boarded the public bus on Mexico Street in Jerusalem.
The suicide bomber detonated the explosives in the crowded bus, before the bus reached the next stop, while the bus was in the suburban neighborhood of Kiryat Menachem.
Hamas took credit for the attack, which was carried out by Na'el Abu Hilail, 22, from el-Khader, just south of Bethlehem.
Born into an influential family, Allen initially favored the colonial cause in the American Revolution, and represented Pennsylvania in the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776.
Like many other wealthy elites in Pennsylvania, however, he resisted radical change, and became a Loyalist after the Declaration of Independence and the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776.
His father, William Allen, was a successful merchant and lawyer, and would later be the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Andrew graduated from the City College of Philadelphia (later the University of Pennsylvania) in 1759, read law under Benjamin Chew, and then went to London to complete a legal education at the Inner Temple.
When tensions increased before the American Revolution, Allen was one of those critical of the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament in 1774.
He signed the non-importation agreement boycotting British goods in protest of the Boston Port Act, and helped form an independent militia unit, the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, on November 2, 1774.
Allen hoped that Congress would seek reconciliation with the mother country, and was dismayed when Congress began moving towards independence in 1776.
Radicals in Pennsylvania, however, responded by holding a constitutional convention to create a new constitution and a new, less conservative, General Assembly.
When the Continental Congress began considering a resolution of independence in June 1776, Allen withdrew from Congress, not attending any sessions after June 14.
The situation in Philadelphia had become tense as a British army under General Howe drove George Washington's forces out of New York and towards Pennsylvania.
Houses were broken open, people imprisoned without any color of authority by private persons, and, as was said, a list of 200 disaffected persons made out, who were to be seized, imprisoned, and sent off to North Carolina; in which list, it was said, our whole family was put down.
From whence they went to New York, and there they now are, unhappily separated from their families, and like to be so for some time.
In 1777 Andrew Allen returned to Philadelphia with General Howe's army, but his stay lasted only as long as their occupation, and he returned with them to New York when the British evacuated the city in 1778.
The Pennsylvania Assembly attainted Allen of treason in 1781 and confiscated his properties, along with those of others in his family.
He returned to Philadelphia in 1794 to attempt to recover some of the old payments due to him under the provisions of the Jay Treaty.
The Grand Prix was a line of automobiles produced by the Pontiac Division of General Motors from 1962 through 2002 for coupes and 1988–2008 for sedans.
First introduced as part of Pontiac's full-size car model offering for the 1962 model year, the marque varied repeatedly in size, luxury, and performance during its lifespan.
Among the changes were positioning in the personal luxury car market segment and mid-size car offering from the 2nd generation to the 5th generation for the sedan and from the 2nd generation to the 6th generation from the coupe; it returned to a full-size car from the 6th generation to the 7th generation for the sedan, positioned below the larger Bonneville in Pontiac's model lineup.
The Grand Prix first appeared in the Pontiac line for the 1962 model year, as a performance-oriented replacement for the Ventura, which became a luxury trim level of the full-size Catalina It was essentially a standard Catalina coupe with minimal outside chrome trim and a sportier interior (bucket seats and a center console).
The performance-minded John DeLorean, head of Advanced Engineering at Pontiac, contributed to the development of both the Grand Prix and the GTO.
Early models were available with Pontiac performance options, including the factory-race Super Duty 421 powertrain installed in a handful of 1962 and 1963 cars.
The first Grand Prix was a Catalina hardtop coupe trimmed to standards similar to the larger top-line Bonneville, with a distinctive grille and taillights.
The rear bench seat included a center fold-down armrest and a speaker grille that could be made functional with the extra-cost Bi-Phonic rear speaker.
For 1963, the Grand Prix received revised sheetmetal shared with other full-size Pontiacs, but with its own squared-off roofline with a concave rear window that contrasted with the convertible-like roofline of the 1962 Grand Prix and continued on the 1963 to 1964 Catalina and Bonneville.
Inside, the GP continued with luxurious interiors featuring real walnut trim on the instrument panel and bucket seats upholstered in Morrokide vinyl.
The center console was now built into the instrument panel and featured a vacuum gauge to go along with a dash mounted tachometer (manual transmission).
A wide assortment of options were available including power steering, brakes, windows and driver's seat; air conditioning, eight-lug aluminum wheels with integrated brake drums, Safe-T-Track differential and other items.
A new lineup of optional engines was introduced this year which included the 389 Tri-Power and three versions of the larger 421 in³ V8 including a standard four-barrel version rated at , a Tri-Power option, and the 421 HO option with Tri-Power carburetion and .
Engine offerings were mostly unchanged from 1963 except that the standard 389 four-barrel V8 gained three , with the extra-cost Hydra-matic transmission.
The standard three-speed manual and optional Hydra-matic transmissions were unchanged from 1963, however, a new GM-built Muncie four-speed available in either a wide-ratio M-20 or close-ratio M-21 options replaced the Borg-Warner T-10.
Grand Prixs and all other full-sized Pontiacs were completely restyled for 1965 featuring more rounded bodylines with Coke-bottle profiles, and a increase in wheelbase to (for Grand Prix, Catalina, and all Safari station wagons — Bonneville and Star Chief increased proportionally from to ).
While other Pontiac coupes received the semi-fastback rooflines shared with other GM divisions, Grand Prixs retained the exclusive squared-off roofline with concave rear window but a bit more rounded than the 1963-64 version.
Interiors were revised with all-new instrument panels featuring a larger dose of walnut trim which now extended to the center console standard with bucket seats, along with a new steering wheel with horn bars replacing the horn ring used in previous years.
Optional engines included a 389 Tri-Power and 421 four-barrel — both rated at ; a 421 Tri-Power rated at and the 421 HO Tri-Power with .
The standard three-speed and optional four-speed manual transmissions were carried over from 1964, however, a new three-speed Turbo Hydra-matic transmission with torque-converter that was similar in principle to Ford's Cruise-O-Matic and Chrysler's Torqueflite replaced the older three-speed fluid coupling Roto Hydra-matic (along with the four-speed Super Hydra-matic in Bonneville and Star Chief models).
Other Pontiac road tests in that issue included a GTO convertible, Tempest Custom sedan, Catalina Vista hardtop sedan, and Bonneville hardtop coupe.
The 1966 Grand Prix received only minor appearance revisions from the 1965 edition including a new more rounded split grille and new taillight trim.
Inside, a revised instrument panel included a squared off gauge panel and new Strato bucket seats in either Morrokide or cloth upholstery with higher seatbacks and more contoured cushions for improved lateral support.
The Strato buckets were standard equipment along with a console, but a notchback bench seat with center armrest was a no-cost option.
Engine offerings were largely unchanged from 1965 except that the Tri-Power 389 option was discontinued, leaving only the larger 421 available with the three two-barrel carb option, which was offered for the last time this year due to a new General Motors edict that banned the use of multi-carb options on all GM cars with the exception of the Chevrolet Corvette starting with the 1967 model year.
Also new to the G.P.-concealed headlights with horizontal mounting (all other full-size '67 Pontiacs retained the vertical headlights for one more year), concealed windshield wipers and ventless front windows on hardtop coupes.
Inside, Strato bucket seats and console were still standard equipment with Morrokide vinyl or cloth upholstery, or a no-cost optional notchback bench seat with either trims.
Similarly, the 421 V8 was replaced by a new V8 rated at or an HO version with - both with four-barrel carburetors.
Both the 400 and 428 V8s were basically bored out versions of the older 389/421 block but with various internal improvements including bigger valves and improved breathing capabilities.
The concealed headlights were carried over, and a revised rear deck/bumper with L-shaped taillights and side reflector markers to meet a new federal safety mandate were new.
It featured dramatic bodywork and a highly pronounced grill, and rode on a slightly stretched version of the intermediate GM A platform dubbed the G-Body.
DeLorean and other Pontiac planners saw a way to reverse the declining sales of the full-sized Grand Prix by creating a new niche in the burgeoning personal luxury car market.
Ford and Chrysler responded by producing plusher versions of their intermediate Torino and Charger, but both eventually created newer entries to the intermediate personal luxury car battle—the Ford Elite in 1974 and Chrysler Cordoba in 1975.
The new intermediate-based 1969 Grand Prix began to take shape in April 1967, with a few prototype models built on the full-sized Pontiac platform before the G-Body was ready.
To save both development costs and time in much the same manner Ford created the original 1964 Mustang using the basic chassis and drivetrain from the compact Falcon, the revised Grand Prix would have a unique bodyshell but share the A-body intermediate platform and mechanicals with the Tempest, Le Mans and GTO.
This reduced development time from the usual 36 months required for a new model to less than 18 , allowing Pontiac to concentrate upgrading styling and interior appointments.
Shortened by three inches from the previous Catalina wheelbase, the 1969 Grand Prix finally had its own body – and Pontiac's longest-ever hood.
The basic 1969 body shell saw a major facelift in 1971 bracketed by minor detail revisions in the 1970 and 1972 model years.
The new Grand Prix sought to deliver performance as attention-getting as its styling, with increased installation percentages for manual transmissions and engine options up to the 428 HO.
Two engine sizes were offered with two power options were available in each engine size; a or , as well as a or V8.
A leather trim option which also replaced nylon loop rug with cut-pile carpeting was finally offered in addition to the redoubtable Morrokide vinyl and cloth and Morrokide upholstery offerings.
Pontiac also in 1969 built a steam powered SE 101 concept car with a engine designed by GM engineering in conjunction with the Besler brothers.
Interior trim also received minor revisions, and a bench seat with center armrest returned as a no-cost option to the standard Strato bucket seats and console.
Bench seat-equipped Grand Prixs got a steering column-mounted shifter with the automatic transmission along with a dashboard-mounted glovebox, replacing the console-mounted shifter and glovebox of bucket-seat cars.
The Chevrolet Monte Carlo used the same basic G-body as the GP but with a two-inch shorter wheelbase (116 vs. the GP's 118) and a long hood, though still shorter than the Grand Prix's, but still considered an upscale vehicle for GM's lowest-priced division.
Oldsmobile, whose larger and more expensive front-drive Toronado was a direct competitor to the Thunderbird, decided to further capitalize on strong sales of its intermediate Cutlass line by introducing a new Cutlass Supreme coupe with a formal roofline similar to the GPs but on the standard wheelbase used for two-door A-body intermediates and the same lower sheetmetal used on other Cutlass models.
Both the Monte Carlo and Cutlass Supreme were also much lower in price, primarily due to smaller standard engines for both, and that many items standard on the GP were optional on those models — however, all three cars with similar equipment were actually much closer in price than the base sticker prices suggest.
The introduction of the Monte Carlo and Cutlass Supreme did, however, cut into the Grand Prix's dominance, and sales dropped 40%.
Variations of the 1969 GP's central V-nose grille appeared on other 1970 Pontiacs including the full-sized cars and intermediate Tempest/Le Mans series.
The 1970 Ford Thunderbird styling change was reportedly ordered by Ford Motor Co. president Bunkie Knudsen, who moved from GM to Ford in 1968 after a long career at GM which included the position of general manager for the Pontiac Motor Division from 1956 to 1961 and ordered the addition of the Grand Prix to the 1962 model lineup.
A new integrated bumper/grille and larger single headlights replacing the quad lights of 1969-70 models marked the introduction of the 1971 Grand Prix along with a new slanted boattail-style rear with taillights built into the bumper.
Interior revisions amounted to new trim patterns for cloth and vinyl upholstery patterns for both the bench and bucket seats, but the leather interior option was discontinued.
Engine choices included the standard V8 with four-barrel carburetor and dual exhausts, rated at ; and the optional four-barrel V8 rated at .
Both engines received substantially lower compression ratios (8.4:1 for 1971 compared to 10.25:1 in 1970) as part of a GM-corporate edict that required engines to use lower-octane regular leaded, low lead or unleaded gasoline beginning with the 1971 model year.
Transmission offerings initially were carried over from previous years, including the standard three-speed manual, or optional four-speed stick or Turbo Hydra-Matic.
New power ratings were put into effect, requiring manufacturers to post net horsepower with all accessories installed (vs. gross rating without the accessories).
The base four-barrel engine then produced after the switch to the net-rating system, and the in SJ models also dropped in power to (net).
Customers who wanted the higher powered 455 SJ model paid $195 to get Rally gauges, body-colored mirrors, SJ badging, a no-maintenance AC Delco battery and other amenities.
1971 looked to be a good sales year for the Grand Prix, but in mid-September 1970, a corporate wide labor strike halted all GM production for 67 days.
The strike cut into production and sales along with other possible factors including lower horsepower ratings and intense competition from Chevy's Monte Carlo and Oldsmobile's Cutlass Supreme.
Inside, the burled-elm trim was replaced by a new teakwood design and upholstery trim patterns for vinyl and cloth selections were revised for both bucket and bench seat offerings.
Under the net horsepower measurement system, the standard V8 with four-barrel carburetor was rated at while the optional with four-barrel carb was rated at .
At mid-year, Pontiac released a radial tire option for the Grand Prix, which increased the wheel diameter from the standard to .
This light was located in the speedometer pod and the speedometer was changed from displaying a high of , back to .
However, a 67-day corporate-wide strike at GM in late 1970 that hobbled the 1971 model introduction set back 1972 model production plans and the new A and G-body cars planned for 1972 were delayed for introduction by one year to the 1973 model year.
The most notable styling feature of this generation was the appearance of the fixed opera window, replacing the previous disappearing rear side glass.
Front and rear styling of the 1973 Grand Prix turned out be an evolution of the 1971 and 1972 models with a vertical-bar V-nose grille and single headlamps along with the new federally mandated 5 mph (8 km/h) front bumper.
The Strato bucket seats were completely new with higher seatbacks and integrated headrests in Morrokide or scivvy cloth trims, and optional recliners and adjustable lumbar support, with a notchback bench seat offered as a no-cost option.
Although the Third Generation Grand Prix was indeed bulkier and heavier than its predecessor, handling was good for a large car, due to improvements in suspension design.
The success of the GP (and Monte Carlo) led to direct responses from Ford Motor Company the following year with a larger Ford Elite and Mercury Cougar, which were followed by Chrysler entries in 1975, the Dodge Charger and Chrysler Cordoba.
Out back, the boattail effect was softened somewhat due to a new federally mandated bumper that was added to the similar mandated front bumper introduced in 1973.
The interior trim remained virtually unchanged from 1973, with standard seating choices, including Strato bucket seats with center console or notchback bench seat with an armrest and cloth or Morrokide upholstery.
Also new for 1974 was a federally mandated interlock system that required the driver and front-seat passenger to fasten their seat belts in order to start the car.
This regulation, which was very unpopular with the buying public, was offered only this one year and on some early 1975 models.
Engines were carried over from 1973, including the V8 (standard on the Model J) and (standard on the Model SJ, optional on the Model J).
Sales of Grand Prixs for the 1974 model year dropped from 1973's record of around 150,000 units to just under 100,000 units primarily due to new competition in the intermediate personal-luxury car market from a new upsized Mercury Cougar XR-7 coupe and Ford Elite, both based on the Dearborn's intermediate Torino/Montego platform.
Changes included the addition of GM's High Energy electronic ignition and a catalytic converter that mandated the use of unleaded gasoline.
Speedometers were revised with numerals now topping at rather than the 120 or readings found in previous years and speed readings in kilometers were added.
The V8 (standard on J and LJ models) dropped from 230 to while the (standard on SJ, optional on J and LJ) was detuned from 250 to .
New for 1975 was a more economical with two-barrel carburetor, which was available as a no-cost option on J and LJ models.
Early 1975 models featured the seat belt interlock system introduced on all 1974 models that required both the driver and front passenger to fasten their seat belts in order to start the vehicle.
However, Congressional action to rescind that regulation, which led automakers to discontinue the device and permitted dealers and garages to disconnect the device on cars so-equipped.
Sales dropped to 86,582 units thanks to an aging design, continued recession resulting from the 1973-74 energy crisis, substantially higher prices for all 1975-model cars due to that year's safety and emission control regulations, and intense competition from Ford's Cougar and Elite, and Chrysler Corporation's two new entries in this class including the Chrysler Cordoba and Dodge Charger SE.
The same three model designations continued (J, SJ and LJ) with the LJ and SJ offering the same trim and equipment levels as in 1975 with the exception being the SJ downgraded to a standard V8.
The base Model J underwent a number of content changes to cut the base price by around $500 to be more competitive with other mid-sized personal luxury cars.
Features such as a cushioned steering wheel and custom pedal trim plates became optional on Model J, but remained standard on LJ and SJ, both of which also continued to include Strato bucket seats as standard equipment.
All models got a new simulated rosewood trim for the dash, door panels and console (with bucket seats) that replaced the African Crossfire Mahogany trim of previous years.
Upholstery choices included cloth or Morrokide vinyl bench or bucket seats on the Model J, velour buckets on the LJ or Morrokide buckets on the SJ.
Grand Prix production increased: sales went up to 228,091 units total (a plus of 226%), making this Bicentennial year the best in Grand Prix' history — and second in its class only to the Chevrolet Monte Carlo with 353,272 units.
This included 110,814 base model Js, 88,232 SJs, and 29,045 LJs (including 4,807 Golden Anniversary editions and a single demonstrator with Pontiac's not yet introduced V8 engine.
A complete reworking of the front header and bumper highlighted the 1977 Grand Prix, which was the final year for the 1973-vintage bodyshell that was set to be replaced by a downsized GP for 1978.
The parking lamps were now positioned between the quad headlamps (same setup as a 1967 or 1968 Oldsmobile Cutlass), and the previous year's 'waterfall' grille was replaced by a narrower one that extended into the lower portion of the bumper.
In back the taillights were simplified to eliminate the weighty pot metal bezels that created the horizontal stripe effect in 1976.
The base Model J got Pontiac's new V8 as standard equipment, which was much too small and underpowered to propel a 4,000-pound car.
The original thinking on the 301 CID engine was that the weight savings from using a significantly lighter engine would cancel out the horsepower loss from the smaller displacement.
This turned out to be a major miscalculation and 301 equipped cars became much less desirable among Grand Prix enthusiasts and collectors in later years.
The 301 also had a knocking (pre-ignition) problem that was later determined to be caused by the shape of the combustion chamber.
Due to a shortage of Olds 350 engines resulting from record sales of Cutlasses and reduced production of that engine due to a plant conversion to build a Diesel V8 beginning in 1978, a few 1977 Grand Prixs destined for California reportedly came off the line with a Chevrolet-built V8.
Grand Prix sales increased to an all-time high of over 270,000 units for 1977, the last year for this bodystyle, despite competition from a newly downsized and lower-priced Ford Thunderbird introduced this year and a restyled Mercury Cougar XR-7 whose bodyshell switched to the T-Bird this year from the discontinued Ford Torino/Mercury Montego.
In order to meet Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) mandates set after 1973-74 energy crisis, a Buick-built V6 was standard equipment on the base model (formerly the Model J) and two versions of the Pontiac V8 (Chevy V8 in California) were optional.
The luxury LJ model came standard with the 301 V8 with two-barrel carburetor while the sporty SJ was powered by a 301 V8 with four-barrel carburetor.
A floor-mounted three-speed manual transmission was standard equipment with the V6 on the base model and the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic automatic was optional.
Standard seating choices by model included a notchback bench seat with cloth or Morrokide vinyl in the base GP, a pillowed velour cloth notchback bench seat in the LJ or Strato bucket seats in cloth or Morrokide in the SJ.
The Strato buckets were optional on the base GP and a 60/40 split bench was optional on both base and LJ models.
The same models, base, LJ and SJ continued as before as did the basic engine lineup including the Buick V6 standard on base and LJ models, the Pontiac V8 with two-barrel carburetor that was optional on both of those models, and the 301 V8 with four-barrel carburetion that was standard on the SJ and optional on the other models.
Transmissions remained the same as before with the three-speed manual standard with the V6 engine on the base model and automatic transmission optional.
A new and one-year-only option this year was a four-speed manual transmission available with the four-barrel or two-barrel V8 on all models.
Automatic transmission was standard equipment on all models and the two-barrel Pontiac V8 was replaced by a new V8 rated at .
The Buick 231 V6 and the four-barrel version of the Pontiac 301 V8 were carried over from the previous year as was the Chevy 305 V8 offered in California.
A minor reskinning of the sheetmetal for improved aerodynamics marked the 1981 Grand Prix along with a new grille design and revised tail section.
The Brougham models came standard with all power options, a plush cloth interior similar to the full-sized Bonneville Brougham, and a half roof vinyl top with coach lamps.
All models now came standard with the Buick V6 with the Pontiac V8 available as an extra cost option (Chevy V8 in California).
The V8 was discontinued and a new option this year was the Oldsmobile-built Diesel V8, which was not often ordered due to high cost of around $700 and poor reliability.
The year 1981 was also the last for Pontiac Motor Division to offer its own V8 engine due to an emerging GM corporate engine policy that determined Pontiac would build only four-cylinder engines and Buick only V6 engines, leaving Chevrolet and Oldsmobile to build V8 engines for most GM cars and trucks, while Cadillac would produce its own aluminum-block V8 that debuted in 1982.
No gasoline-powered V8 engines were offered this year (in the U.S. only — Canadian GPs were available with the Chevy 305 V8 as an option in '82), leaving only the standard Buick V6, a larger Buick V6 and the Olds Diesel V8.
Front suspension was independent with wishbones, coil springs, antiroll bars and telescopic shocks while the rear still had a live axle.
One significant engine change to note was the V6 was discontinued and the gas-powered V8 returned after a one-year absence (on U.S. models) in the form of a Chevy .
1983 also marked the end of the LJ series, as the LE model would be added in for model year 1984.
Some minor changes and revisions marked the 1984 Grand Prix, including the return of the octagonal Pontiac hood ornament (which originally debuted in 1976), gauges with orange needles and red markings (previous 1978–1983 Grand Prix gauges had white needles), a T-shaped console shifter, an updated bucket seat design, as well as a woodgrain plate above the glove box (previous 1978–1983 Grand Prixs used a black plate).
A new option this year was the Turbo Hydra-Matic 200-4R four-speed overdrive automatic available with the 305 V8 for improved highway gas mileage.
For 1985, Grand Prix's now included a new checkerboard grille design, as well as an optional two tone paint scheme with a fading body stripe.
1985 marked the last year for the flat rear deck panel in the interior, as by 1986 laws mandated cars to have a third brake light installed.
Some more rarer options specific for the 1985 Pontiac Grand Prix include a factory rear spoiler, rare aluminum turbo finned wheels, and a full size spare tire.
A new 2+2 model was offered for homologation of an aerodynamic coupe body for NASCAR competition, like Chevrolet's 1986 Monte Carlo SS Aerocoupe.
They have a two-tone paint job with silver on top and gray on the bottom, with 2+2 decals and striping and 15x7 steel Rally II wheels.
Since the enormous rear glass was fixed (not an opening hatch), it forced the adoption of a dramatically shortened trunk opening.
Although it had modest horsepower, benign handling and design compromises, there were only 1,118 Grand Prix 2+2s built in 1986 and dealers were able to ask 20 percent above the list price for this limited production version.
While the 3.8 L V6 remained standard for the regular Grand Prix, a fuel-injected 4.3 L Chevrolet 90° V6 was added to the option list for models other than the 2+2.
Engine offerings again included the standard Buick 3.8 L V6, the Chevrolet 4.3 L V6 or optional Chevrolet 5.0 L V8.
This would be the last year for the G-body Grand Prix, which would be replaced by the all-new W-body version in 1988.
The first front-wheel drive W-body Grand Prix coupes were built in October 1987, and released on January 12, 1988 for the 1988 model year.
SE models upgraded with power front seats with multiple lumbar, side bolster, side wing adjustments, an AM/FM Cassette stereo, and a trip computer and compass located in the center of the dash.
Another unique feature only found on the Grand Prix is the combination lock for the glove box, rather than a key.
Air conditioning was standard, and the 2.8 L was replaced by GM's new 3.1 L MPFI V6 that produced midway through the model year.
For 1989, the 3.1 L was only mated to a four-speed automatic transmission, while the remaining 2.8 was mated to either manual or automatic transmissions.
A new trim level was offered for 1989, a limited-edition turbo coupe that featured an ASC/McLaren turbocharged version of GM's 3.1 L V6 (Only 749 were produced).
The coupe was an SE model with body work such as hood louvers and extra body cladding (which would be the most controversial design element in the years to come).
The full analog gauges would become the 1990-93 sport cluster, and the basis for the new instrument cluster to replace the digital cluster for 1990.
In 1990, the base model was dropped in favor of a sedan version (replacing the 6000 which ended production the next year and the Canada-only Tempest), entering production on September 12, 1989.
A notable introduction for the Grand Prix in 1990 is the new STE (Special Touring Edition) which replaced the STE model of the Pontiac 6000.
Standard features include a cassette stereo with equalizer and eight speakers (a compact disc player was optional), remote keyless entry, eight-way power driver's seat with multiple lumbar and sidewing adjustments for both front seat occupants, and a compass/trip computer that was more informative than the units in the SE and turbo coupes.
An LE sedan was also available for 1990, standard with a 2.3 L Quad 4 engine and a 3-speed automatic, the first use of an inline 4 cylinder engine in a Grand Prix.
The 2.8 L V6 engine was discontinued, while the 3.1 L engine gained widespread availability and a standard five-speed manual transmission.
This model sported a 3.4 L DOHC V6 that produced with a five-speed manual transmission or 200 with the optional four-speed automatic.
The STE Turbo was replaced by a 3.4 L STE and could be ordered with the automatic transmission or manual transmission.
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is optional on all models for 1992, the 2.3 L Quad 4 engine was dropped, and the LE sedan gained the SE/STE front lightbar.
Inside, a new instrument panel hosted dual airbags, much larger and easier to use controls, and seatbelts were moved to the B-pillars rather than the doors on sedans only; coupes retained the automatic seatbelt design.
Under the hood, the 3.1 L V6 was changed to the 3100 SFI V6 with , while the 3.4 L V6 had .
The Grand Prix Sedan also had a slight tail light revision using the amber over red pattern as opposed to the red over amber in years past; however, the coupe's tail lights remained the same.
This is the last year for the fifth generation Grand Prix and this is the last year for the 5th generation mid-sized Grand Prix sedan.
The Grand Prix came as a base SE sedan, or sportier GT coupe or sedan options, as well as with a GTP trim package—available for GT models in either body style.
Replacing the Chevy LQ1 3.4l DOHC v6, an Eaton M90 supercharger option was available on the 3.8L from 1997-2003 (also used in the 1996–2003 Bonneville), with compression ratio decreased from 9.3 to 8.5, boosted horse power to 240.
Front bucket seats came standard, while a 45/55 split bench seat was available as an option on the SE sedan only.
Also on models equipped with 3.8L N/A powerplants (VIN K), the 4T65E 4 speed automatic transmission was used in favor of the 4T60E previously used.
The coolant overflow reservoir was relocated from being in front of the intake box to being mounted to the passenger strut tower.
New standard equipment included rear child-seat anchors and an anti-theft system that disabled the starter unless the proper ignition key was used.
Pontiac also launched a Daytona 500 pace-car replica, with silver paint, unique aluminum wheels, functional hood vents, a NASCAR-inspired decklid spoiler, polished quad exhaust tips, and Daytona decals.
The SE got revised frontal styling in the form of the GT and GTP front bumper cover in place of the older SE-specific front fascia, standard rear spoiler, and in-trunk emergency release; manual dual-zone climate-control replaced the optional electronic automatic unit previously offered.
This package adds the NASCAR-inspired rear spoiler and roof fences, hood-mounted heat extractors, and polished dual-outlet exhaust tips previously offered on the 2000 Pace Car Replica and also adds a two tone interior, 15-spoke chrome wheels, and the requisite badging.
New for 2002 was a $2,695 40th Anniversary option package which included the NASCAR-inspired rear spoiler and roof fences, polished dual-outlet exhaust tips, hood with heat extractors, and 15-spoke chrome wheels previously offered with the 2001 Special Edition package.
Unique elements such as the Dark Cherry Metallic paint, 40th Anniversary badges, and Ruby Red and Graphite interior trim with the 40th Anniversary logo embroidered on the front seats and floormats differentiated this option package from the previous year's offering.
One 40th Anniversary Sedan was further customized with a lowering package, different wheels, and exhaust for SEMA and featured in Hot Rod Magazine as the GP40.
The lowering package, provided by GM Accessories, consisted of new front and rear adjustable springs, adjustable front and rear dampers and Z-rated tires mounted on forged aluminum wheels.
GM Accessories also provided performance brake pads, drilled and slotted brake rotors (front and rear), a cat-back exhaust system, and a low-restriction air filter.
The SE gained standard cruise control and dual-zone climate control, and GTs got a standard power driver's seat and CD player.
The last Grand Prix coupe rolled off the assembly line on July 19, 2002 and it was the last mid-sized 6th generation Grand Prix coupe.
Pontiac dropped the coupe version (2-door) for 2003 and made anti-lock brakes and traction control optional instead of standard on most of the remaining sedans.
In March 2008, GM announced a recall on all 1997–2003 Grand Prix GTP models (as well as sister car Buick Regal GS) due to a problem that causes fires in the engine compartment.
GM sent a letter to the owners of these vehicles on March 13, 2008, instructing them not to park in garages or carports until the problem was resolved.
The recall for the Supercharged engine involved changing the left (front) valve cover gasket, as oil leaks onto the exhaust manifold may cause engine fires.
Some believed this recall did not fix the fire problem, and instead the problem is likely faulty fuel rail quick disconnect o-rings.
In April 2009, the recall already posted for the Supercharged iterations of the 3800 Series II was expanded to cover all 3800 Series II engine-equipped vehicles after many fires were reported with Grand Prix GT and 3.8 L equipped SE versions, as well as the sister car Buick Regal LS.
The recall for the non-supercharged V6 was to remove the front spark plug retainer and a valve cover gasket is not changed on non-supercharged 3.8 engines.
As of May 2008, Grand Prixs from the model years of 01-03 that were outfitted with OnStar cannot be activated due to outdated technology.
The Grand Prix was updated for 2004 on a revised version of the GM W platform and was unveiled at the 2002 Chicago Auto Show on February 7, 2002 as the Grand Prix G-Force Concept.
The GT1 and fancier GT2 have the Series III 3800 V6 engine, putting out 200 hp (150 kW) and 230 lb·ft (310 Nm) of torque, while both GTPs have the supercharged (Eaton Gen 5 Supercharger) 3800 Series III V6 engine with 260 hp (195 kW) and 280 lb·ft (380 Nm) of torque.
A Competition Group (Comp-G) package was available for the GTP that included red painted brake calipers (same brakes as the 'standard' GTP), sport tuned suspension, heads-up display (also in GT2 model), 4-speed automatic transmission with paddle-style TAPShift, StabiliTrak dynamic control system, 3.29 axle ratio, performance tires and Magnasteer II.
Also, a 10-spoke light weight wheel was standard with the Comp-G package but could be 'upgraded' to the GTP optional wheel.
The base model and GT had the naturally aspirated 3.8 L V6, with the GTP having the 3.8 L V6 with supercharger.
When the GXP debuted later in the 2005 model year, the Competition Group was dropped, but several features were retained in a Sport package available on the GTP for the rest of that model year.
The GXP powerplant is the LS4 V8, a 5.3 L Displacement on Demand (active fuel management) engine based on the LS1 block.
The GXP also has a 4-speed automatic transmission with paddle-style TAPshift, heads-up display, vented cross drilled brakes with PBR calipers, performance tuned suspension with Bilstein gas-charged struts (sits about lower than other GP models), Magnasteer II, and StabiliTrak dynamic control system.
Cosmetically, the GXP differs from the other models with more aggressive bodywork including a different front clip, wheel well cooling vents on the front fenders, a different rear bumper, and twin-dual polished exhaust.
The three options are the Grand Prix, powered by the 3800 Series III V6, the GT, now powered by the 3800 Series III Supercharged V6, and the GXP, powered by the LS4 V8.
That model year gave it the car's final update by adding GM badges near the front doors until the Grand Prix was pulled from Pontiac's lineup after 2008.
In 1965, GM of Canada offered a de luxe version of the popular Pontiac Parisienne with the 1965 U.S. Grand Prix grille.
This was followed in 1966 with the Grande Parisienne, which featured the unique American Grand Prix front (complete with hidden headlights in 1967-68), but unlike the U.S. car, was also available as a 4-door hardtop and convertible along with the hardtop coupe.
The 4-door and convertible versions had the same roofline as the standard Pontiacs while the coupe got the distinctive U.S. Grand Prix body styling.
This model was offered until 1969, when the Grande Parisienne became a premium version of the Parisienne and the U.S. car became mid-size.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 (subtypes B*2701-2759) is a class I surface antigen encoded by the B locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 and presents antigenic peptides (derived from self and non-self antigens) to T cells.
Diseases associated with the HLA-B27 subtype can be remembered with the mnemonic PAIR, and include Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, and Reactive arthritis.
For example, about 8% of Caucasians, 4% of North Africans, 2-9% of Chinese, and 0.1-0.5% of persons of Japanese descent possess the gene that codes for this antigen.
Though it is associated with a wide range of pathology, particularly seronegative spondyloarthropathy, it does not appear to be the sole mediator in development of disease.
For example, while 90% of people with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are HLA-B27 positive, only a small fraction of people with HLA-B27 ever develop AS.
These theories consider a specific combination of antigen peptide sequence and the binding groove (B pocket) of HLA-B27 (which will have different properties to the other HLA-B alleles).
Alternatively, cell surface B27 heavy chains and dimers can bind to regulatory immune receptors such as members of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor family, promoting the survival and differentiation of pro-inflammatory leukocytes in disease.
The proposed conformational transition is thought to allow the newly-generated coiled region (incorporating residues 'RRYLENGKETLQR' which have also been found to be naturally bound to HLA-B27 as a 9-mer peptide) to bind to either the peptide-binding cleft of the same polypeptide chain (in an act of self-display) or to the cleft of another polypeptide chain (in an act of cross-display).
Cross-display is proposed to lead to the formation of large, soluble, high molecular weight (HMW), degradation-resistant, long-surviving aggregates of the HLA-B27 heavy chain.
Together with any homodimers formed either by cross-display or by a disulfide-linked homodimerization mechanism, it is proposed that such HMW aggregates survive on the cell surface without undergoing rapid degradation, and stimulate an immune response.
In addition to its association with ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 is implicated in other types of seronegative spondyloarthropathy as well, such as reactive arthritis, certain eye disorders such as acute anterior uveitis and iritis, psoriatic arthritis and ulcerative colitis associated spondyloarthritis.
In 2000, Malini won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award and also the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian honour awarded by the Government of India.
In 2012, the Sir Padampat Singhania University conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Malini in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema.
In 2006, Malini received the Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts (SaMaPa) Vitasta award from Bhajan Sopori in Delhi for her contribution and service to Indian culture and dance.
From 2003 to 2009, Malini was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper House of parliament, as a representative of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Malini was the third child born of a Tamil Iyengar family to her mother Jaya Lakshmi Chakravarti, a film producer, and VSR Chakravarti.
Dharmendra was already married at the time and had children, two of whom are Bollywood actors Sunny Deol and Bobby Deol.
On 11 June 2015, Hema Malini became grandmother when her younger daughter Ahana Deol gave birth to her first child, Darien Vohra.
On 20 October 2017, she became grandmother for the second time when her elder daughter, Esha Deol Takhtani gave birth to a baby girl.
In 1999, Malini campaigned for the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) candidate, Vinod Khanna, a former Bollywood actor, in the Lok Sabha Elections in Gurdaspur, Punjab.
From 2003 to 2009, she served as an MP to the upper housethe Rajya Sabha, having been nominated by the then President of India, Dr. A.P.J.
In March 2010, Malini was made general secretary of the BJP, and in February 2011, she was recommended by Ananth Kumar, the party general secretary.
On 22 April 2017, Malini said she would take action against Maharashtra independent MLA Omprakash Babarao Kadu for making derogatory comments against her earlier days.
In 2009, she wrote a letter to the Mumbai Municipal Commissioner urging him to ban horse carriages from Mumbai's busy streets.
In 2007, she performed in Mysuru on the eve of Dussera, where she played the roles of Sati, Parvati and Durga.
In 2000, Malini was appointed as the first female chairperson of the National Film Development Corporation for a term of three years.
The Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing was the suicide bombing of a crowded public bus (Egged bus 2) in the Shmuel HaNavi quarter in Jerusalem, Israel, on August 19, 2003.
On August 19, 2003 (22 Av 5763), a Hamas suicide bomber sent out by the organization's Hebron cell disguised himself as a Haredi Jew and detonated himself on a No.
The European Commission strongly condemns last night's devastating terrorist attack in Jerusalem and expresses its sincere condolences to the families of the victims and to the Israeli Government.
The European Commission calls on the Palestinian Authority to do everything in its powers to prevent such unacceptable and unjustified act of violence, and urges the PA and the Israeli Government to pursue their dialogue and common efforts towards peace as set out in the Road Map.
Following the attack, Israeli forces arrested 17 Palestinians suspected of being Hamas activists, including several of the bomber's relatives, while Hamas leader Ismail Abu Shanab and his two bodyguards were killed by an Israeli helicopter missile strike in Gaza.
He is best known for his story of survival and retribution after being left for dead by companions when he was mauled by a grizzly bear.
Born in Pennsylvania to Irish parents, Glass became an explorer of the watershed of the Upper Missouri River, in present-day Montana, the Dakotas, and the Platte River area of Nebraska.
They both portray the survival struggle of Glass, who (in the best historical accounts) crawled and stumbled to Fort Kiowa, South Dakota after being abandoned without supplies or weapons by fellow explorers and fur traders during General Ashley's expedition of 1823.
Another version of the story was told in an episode of Death Valley Days titled 'Hugh Glass Meets a Bear', with a release date of March 24, 1966.
He was reported to have been captured by pirates under the command of Gulf of Mexico chief Jean Lafitte off the coast of Texas in 1816, and was forced to become a pirate for up to two years.
Many of them, who later earned reputations as famous mountain men, also joined the enterprise, including James Beckwourth, John S. Fitzgerald, David Jackson, William Sublette, Jim Bridger, Thomas Fitzpatrick, and Jedediah Smith.
In June 1823 they met up with many of the men that had joined in 1822, and were attacked by Arikara warriors.
Andrew Henry, Ashley's partner, had joined the group, and he along with Glass and several others set out overland to the Yellowstone River.
Near the forks of the Grand River, near present-day Shadehill Reservoir, Perkins County, South Dakota, while scouting for game for the expedition larder, Glass surprised and disturbed a grizzly bear with two cubs.
The men were convinced Glass would not survive his injuries; nevertheless, they carried Glass on a litter for two days, but doing so greatly slowed the pace of the group's travel.
Later, claiming that they were interrupted by attacking Arikara, the pair grabbed the rifle, knife, and other equipment belonging to Glass and took flight.
Glass lay mutilated and alone, more than 200 miles (320 km) from the nearest American settlement at Fort Kiowa, on the Missouri River.
Glass set the bone of his own leg, wrapped himself in the bear hide his companions had placed over him as a shroud, and began crawling back to Fort Kiowa.
Using Thunder Butte as a navigational landmark, Glass crawled overland south toward the Cheyenne River where he fashioned a crude raft and floated downstream to Fort Kiowa.
A note indicated that Andrew Henry and company had relocated to a new camp at the mouth of the Bighorn River.
Glass reportedly spared Fitzgerald's life because he would be killed by the army captain for killing a soldier of the United States Army.
However, the captain asked Fitzgerald to return the stolen rifle to Glass, and before departing Glass warned Fitzgerald never to leave the army, or he would still kill him.
Their leader, who was known by Glass, declared the tribe to be friendly and invited them in so the men went ashore.
While smoking with him in his lodge, Glass noticed their equipment being taken by the residents and realized it was a trap.
Glass managed to hide behind some rocks until the Arikara gave up their search, but was separated from the two other survivors.
He was relieved to find his knife and flint in his shot pouch and traveled to Fort Kiowa, surviving off the land.
Glass was killed along with two of his fellow trappers in early spring of 1833 on the Yellowstone River in an attack by the Arikara.
A monument to Glass now stands near the site of his mauling on the southern shore of the present-day Shadehill Reservoir in Perkins County, South Dakota, at the forks of the Grand River.
Exoenzymes are produced by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and have been shown to be a crucial component of many biological processes.
The breakdown of these larger macromolecules is critical for allowing their constituents to pass through the cell membrane and enter into the cell.
For humans and other complex organisms, this process is best characterized by the digestive system which breaks down solid food via exoenzymes.
Bacteria and fungi also produce exoenzymes to digest nutrients in their environment, and these organisms can be used to conduct laboratory assays to identify the presence and function of such exoenzymes.
In addition to the integral roles in biological systems, different classes of microbial exoenzymes have been used by humans since pre-historic times for such diverse purposes as food production, biofuels, textile production and in the paper industry.
Based on the book, it can be assumed that the first known exoenzymes were pepsin and trypsin, as both are mentioned by Vernon to have been discovered by scientists Briike and Kiihne before 1908.
The metabolic activity of the exoenzymes allows the bacterium to invade host organisms by breaking down the host cells' defensive outer layers or by necrotizing body tissues of larger organisms.
Many gram-negative bacteria have injectisomes, or flagella-like projections, to directly deliver the virulent exoenzyme into the host cell using a type three secretion system.
After moving through the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are processed through the Golgi apparatus, where they are packaged in vesicles and released out of the cell.
In humans, a majority of such exoenzymes can be found in the digestive system and are used for metabolic breakdown of macronutrients via hydrolysis.
Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus use the enzyme to form a layer of fibrin around their cell to protect against host defense mechanisms.
S. aureus can also produce staphylokinase, allowing them to dissolve the clots they form, to rapidly diffuse into the host at the correct time.
Bacteria such as Clostridium do so by using the enzyme to dissolve collagen and hyaluronic acid, the protein and saccharides, respectively, that hold tissues together.
Attacking and lysing these cells allows the pathogen to harm the host organism, and also provides it with a source of iron from the lysed hemoglobin, like the fungus Candida albicans.
These enzymes are grouped into three classes based on their amino acid sequences, mechanism of reaction, method of catalysis and their structure.
The α-amylases hydrolyze starch by randomly cleaving the 1,4-a-D-glucosidic linkages between glucose units, β-amylases cleave non-reducing chain ends of components of starch such as amylose, and glucoamylases hydrolyze glucose molecules from the ends of amylose and amylopectin.
In humans, amylases are secreted by both the pancreas and salivary glands with both sources of the enzyme required for complete starch hydrolysis.
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a type of digestive enzyme that helps regulate the uptake of triacylglycerols from chylomicrons and other low-density lipoproteins from fatty tissues in the body.
Pectinases, also called pectolytic enzymes, are a class of exoenzymes that are involved in the breakdown of pectic substances, most notably pectin.
Pectinases can be classified into two different groups based on their action against the galacturonan backbone of pectin: de-esterifying and depolymerizing.
With an impulse from the vagus nerve, pepsinogen is secreted into the stomach, where it mixes with hydrochloric acid to form pepsin.
Pepsin works best at the pH of gastric acid, 1.5 to 2.5, and is deactivated when the acid is neutralized to a pH of 7.
This enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of large globular proteins and its activity is specific to cleaving the C-terminal sides of arginine and lysine amino acid residues.
If a reaction does not occur, this means that the bacteria does not create an exoenzyme capable of interacting with the surroundings.
If a reaction does occur, it becomes clear that the bacteria does possess an exoenzyme, and which macromolecule is hydrolyzed determines its identity.
Since iodine binds to starch but not its digested byproducts, a clear area will appear where the amylase reaction has occurred.
If the bacteria has lipase, a clear streak will form in the agar, and the dye will fill the gap, creating a dark blue halo around the cleared area.
Microbiological sources of exoenzymes including amylases, proteases, pectinases, lipases, xylanases, cellulases among others are used for a wide range of biotechnological and industrial uses including biofuel generation, food production, paper manufacturing, detergents and textile production.
Optimizing the production of biofuels has been a focus of researchers in recent years and is centered around the use of microorganisms to convert biomass into ethanol.
The enzymes that are of particular interest in ethanol production are cellobiohydrolase which solubilizes crystalline cellulose and xylanase that hydrolyzes xylan into xylose.
One model of biofuel production is the use of a mixed population of bacterial strains or a consortium that work to facilitate the breakdown of cellulose materials into ethanol by secreting exoenzymes such as cellulases and laccases.
In addition to the important role it plays in biofuel production, xylanase is utilized in a number of other industrial and biotechnology applications due to its ability to hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose.
These applications include the breakdown of agricultural and forestry wastes, working as a feed additive to facilitate greater nutrient uptake by livestock, and as an ingredient in bread making to improve the rise and texture of the bread.
Lipases make ideal enzymes for these applications because they are highly selective in their activity, they are readily produced and secreted by bacteria and fungi, their crystal structure is well characterized, they do not require cofactors for their enzymatic activity, and they do not catalyze side reactions.
The range of uses of lipases encompasses production of biopolymers, generation of cosmetics, use as a herbicide, and as an effective solvent.
However, perhaps the most well known use of lipases in this field is its use in the production of biodiesel fuel.
In this role, lipases are used to convert vegetable oil to methyl- and other short-chain alcohol esters by a single transesterification reaction.
In the food industry these exoenzymes are used in the production of fruit juices, fruit nectars, fruit purees and in the extraction of olive oil among many others.
In addition to the role they play in food production, cellulases are used in the textile industry to remove excess dye from denim, soften cotton fabrics and restore the color brightness of cotton fabrics.
Cellulases and hemicellulases (including xylanases) are also used in the paper and pulp industry to de-ink recycled fibers, modify coarse mechanical pulp and for the partial or complete hydrolysis of pulp fibers.
Cellulases and hemicellulases are used in these industrial applications due to their ability to hydrolyze the cellulose and hemicellulose components found in these materials.
Bioremediation is a process in which pollutants or contaminants in the environment are removed through the use of biological organisms or their products.
The removal of these often hazardous pollutants is mostly carried out by naturally occurring or purposely introduced microorganisms that are capable of breaking down or absorbing the desired pollutant.
The types of pollutants that are often the targets of bioremediation strategies are petroleum products (including oil and solvents) and pesticides.
In addition to the microorganisms ability to digest and absorb the pollutants, their secreted exoenzymes play an important role in many bioremediation strategies.
Fungi have been shown to be viable organisms to conduct bioremediation and have been used to aid in the decontamination of a number of pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, synthetic dyes, chlorophenols, explosives, crude oil and many others.
One critical aspect of fungi in regards to bioremediation is that they secrete these oxidative exoenzymes from their ever elongating hyphal tips.
Some of the pollutants that laccases have been used to treat include dye-containing effluents from the textile industry, wastewater pollutants (chlorophenols, PAHs, etc.
There are many examples of the use of bacteria for this purpose and their exoenzymes encompass many different classes of bacterial enzymes.
Of particular interest in this field are bacterial hydrolases as they have an intrinsic low substrate specificity and can be used for numerous pollutants including solid wastes.
Cell-free use of microbial exoenzymes as agents of bioremediation is also possible although their activity is often not as robust and introducing the enzymes into certain environments such as soil has been challenging.
In addition to terrestrial based microorganisms, marine based bacteria and their exoenzymes show potential as candidates in the field of bioremediation.
Marine based bacteria have been utilized in the removal of heavy metals, petroleum/diesel degradation and in the removal of polyaromatic hydrocarbons among others.
Helenius Acron (or Acro) was a Roman commentator and grammarian, probably of the 3rd century AD, but whose precise date is not known.
The fragments which remain of the work on Horace, though much mutilated, are valuable, as containing the remarks of the older commentators, Quintus Terentius Scaurus and others.
He graduated from Archbishop Wood Catholic High School in 1973, following an education at Richboro Junior High (currently Richboro Middle School).
Following graduation from flight school, he flew F-4 Phantoms from 1980 to 1983 with squadron VMFA-312 at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, and was assigned as Aircraft Maintenance Officer.
He was selected by Headquarters Marine Corps for fleet introduction of the F/A-18 Hornet, and was assigned to VMFA-531 in Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California, from 1983 to 1986.
During his stay in VMFA-531, he was assigned as the squadron operations officer, and also attended and graduated from the Marine Weapons & Tactics Instructor Course, and the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun).
Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, he was a test pilot under instruction when advised of his selection to the astronaut program.
He also received: Honorary Doctorate of Public Service from Bucks County Community College (1993); Honorary Doctorate of Engineering Science from Villanova University (1997) and Honorary Doctorate of Science from Daniel Webster College (1998).
He has since served in various industry leadership positions, including President of the FIRST Foundation (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), Associate Program Manager for Ground Operations with United Space Alliance, and is currently a Vice President and General Manager with Jacobs Technology.
Principal payloads of the mission were the United States Microgravity Payload 2 (USMP-2) and the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology 2 (OAST-2) package.
STS-75 was a 16-day mission with principal payloads being the reflight of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) and the third flight of the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-3).
The TSS experiment produced a wealth of new information on the electrodynamics of tethers and plasma physics before the tether broke at 19.7 km, just shy of the 20.7 km goal.
The crew also worked around the clock performing combustion experiments and research related to USMP-3 microgravity investigations used to improve production of medicines, metal alloys, and semiconductors.
The eldest son of the reigning British monarch inherits possession of the duchy and title of Duke of Cornwall at birth or when his parent succeeds to the throne, but may not sell assets for personal benefit and has limited rights and income as a minor.
When the monarch has no male children, the rights and responsibilities of the duchy revert to the Crown and there is no duke.
The Prince's Council is a non-executive body which provides advice to the duke with regard to the management of the Duchy.
The duchy also exercises certain legal rights and privileges across Cornwall, including some that elsewhere in England belong to the Crown.
The duke appoints a number of officials in the county and acts as the port authority for the main harbour of the Isles of Scilly.
The tax exempt status of the duchy has been challenged; and, since 1993, the Duke of Cornwall, the Prince of Wales, has voluntarily paid income tax on the duchy income, less amounts that he considers to be official expenditure.
The majority of the estate lies outside Cornwall, with half being on Dartmoor in Devon, with other large holdings in Herefordshire, Somerset and almost all of the Isles of Scilly.
This right to ownerless property operates in favour of the duchy rather than the Crown, such that the property of anyone who dies in the county of Cornwall without a will or identifiable heirs, and assets belonging to dissolved companies whose registered office was in Cornwall, pass to the duchy.
The Duke of Cornwall has the 'interest in possession' of the duchy's assets (such as estates) which means they enjoy its net income, do not have its outright ownership and do not have the right to sell capital assets for their own benefit.
In 1913 the Government Law Officers gave an opinion that the Duke of Cornwall is not liable to taxation on income from the Duchy.
However, since 1993 Prince Charles has voluntarily agreed to pay income tax at the normal rates (see: Finances of the British Royal Family).
Since the passing into law of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011, revenues of the Duchy of Cornwall will pass to the heir to the throne, regardless of whether that heir is the Duke of Cornwall.
In the event that the heir is a minor, 10% of the revenues will pass to the heir, with the balance passing to the Crown.
This paid for most of the official and charitable activities of the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, as well as the official offices of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry.
The charter established that the Duke of Cornwall is to be the eldest surviving son of the monarch and the heir to the throne.
The charter afforded the duke certain rights and responsibilities in the county, including the right to appoint the county's sheriff and to the profits from the county courts, the stannaries and the ports.
The duchy estate, which was based on the holdings of the previous earls, did not comprise the whole of the county, and much of it lay outside Cornwall.
The extent of the estate has varied as various holdings have been sold and others acquired over the years, both within Cornwall and in other counties.
We have made and created Henry our most dear first-begotten Son, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester, and have given and granted, and by our Charter have confirmed to him the said Principality, Duchy, and Earldom, that he may preside there, and by presiding, may direct and defend the said parts.
From 1547 to 1603, there was no male royal heir to hold the title of duke, and the duchy reverted to the Crown, in effect becoming a department of the Exchequer.
On the death of King Charles I, the Crown lands came under the control of Parliament; this lasted until the restoration of King Charles II in 1660.
In August 1980 the Highgrove estate was purchased by the Duchy of Cornwall for a figure believed to be between £800,000 and £1,000,000 with funds raised for its purchase by the sale of three properties from the duchy's holdings, including part of the village of Daglingworth in Gloucestershire.
In 1988, West Dorset District Council allocated land in the ducal estate, west of Dorchester, for housing development, which became known as Poundbury.
The Duchy Originals company was set up in 1992 to use produce from farms on the ducal estate, with some proceeds going to his charities.
In 1995, the duchy granted a 99-year lease of the uninhabited islets of the Isles of Scilly, plus the untenanted land on the five inhabited islands, to the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust for an annual payment of a single daffodil.
On 7 February 2005, the Duchy of Cornwall's finances came under public scrutiny by the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee.
Under the Land Registration Act 2002, the Duchy was required by October 2013 to have filed with the Land Registry mineral rights given to the Duchy in 1337.
Some land owners of Talskiddy were surprised that these rights would be expressly inserted into their registers of title upon being informed of the filing in February 2012.
The TEDC project would see a park and ride, a recycling centre, 110 homes and a Waitrose at the junction of Union Hill and Newquay Road.
The duchy owns ( – 0.20% of UK land) over 23 counties, including farming, residential, and commercial properties, as well as an investment portfolio.
The Duchy owns The Oval cricket ground in London, which was built on land in Kennington that formed part of the original Duchy estate.
The intention is that Nansledan will evolve into a community of more than 4,000 homes supporting a similar number of jobs.
The duke owns freehold about three-fifths of the Cornish foreshore and the 'fundus', or bed, of navigable rivers and has right of wreck on all ships wrecked on Cornish shores, including those afloat offshore, and also to royal fish—i.e.
The High Sheriff of Cornwall is appointed by the Duke of Cornwall, not the monarch, in contrast to the other counties of England and Wales.
Historically all justices of the assizes who visited Cornwall were also permanent members of the Prince's Council which oversees the Duchy of Cornwall and advises the duke.
There are on record at least three instances in which the prince overruled the king by instructing his officials to ignore or disobey orders issued to them by the King's Chancery.
In 2012, following a ruling that the duchy was separate from Prince Charles for the purposes of regulation, Republic (the campaign for an elected head of state) asked HM Revenue and Customs to investigate whether the duchy should still be exempt from tax.
The tax exemption is based on the assumption that the duchy estate is inseparable from the tax exempt person of Prince Charles.
Since 1993, the Prince of Wales has voluntarily paid income tax on the duchy income less amounts which he considers to be official expenditure.
The Prince paid a voluntary contribution to the treasury of 50% of his Duchy income from the time he became eligible for its full income at the age of 21 in 1969, and paid 25% from his marriage in 1981 until the current arrangement commenced in 1993.
Tax is calculated after deducting official expenditure, the biggest source of which is the Prince's staff of about 110 who assist with his performance of official duties, including private secretaries and a valet working in his office at Clarence House and at Highgrove House.
Traditionally, Cornish people refer to the Duke of Cornwall in the Loyal Toast, much like the Duke of Normandy in the Channel Islands.
After school, she sang for hours along to the records of such popular artists as Reba McEntire, Linda Ronstadt, Juice Newton, Jeanne Pruett, Connie Smith, and Patsy Cline.
Then, in 1987, Schiff gathered a group of musicians called Lotus and started looking for rehearsal space; she began renting space from studio engineer John McBride.
In 1990, impressed by Martina's enthusiastic spirit, Brooks offered her the position of his opening act provided she could obtain a recording contract.
During this time, while her husband was working with country artists Charlie Daniels and Ricky Van Shelton, he also helped produce her demo tape, which helped her gain a recording contract with RCA Nashville Records in 1991.
This album's title track made number 23 on the country music charts, but the next two singles both failed to make top 40.
Towards the end of 1998, the album was certified double platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling two million units.
This album has been certified 3× Platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America, and is her highest-selling album.
In 2004, McBride won the CMA's Female Vocalist award for the fourth time, following the wins in 2003, 2002 and 1999, which tied her for the most wins in that category with Reba McEntire.
To make the album fit its older style, McBride and her husband hired older Nashville session players and outdated analog equipment.
The remaining five finalists traveled to Nashville, where McBride worked with the competitors on the songs they had chosen by country artists such as Gordon Lightfoot and Patsy Cline.
She set up her Waking Up Laughing Tour in 2007, which included country artists Rodney Atkins, Little Big Town, and Jason Michael Carroll.
McBride also initiated the Shine All Night Tour, a co-headlining venture with fellow country star and friend Trace Adkins and opening act Sarah Buxton.
Band Against Cancer is a community-based movement led by Sarah Cannon (the cancer institute of HCA) in partnership with Big Machine Label Group and McBride, which aims to raise awareness, support and resources to those battling cancer.
In 1988, McBride married sound engineer John McBride and the couple have three daughters: Delaney Katharine (born December 22, 1994), Emma Justine (born March 29, 1998) and Ava Rose Kathleen (born June 20, 2005).
Last year, we decided we wanted to give it a better name, a name that sounded as important as it is, so we changed it to 'Team Music is Love,' since it's about spreading love through music.
McBride has received a number of awards, including the Country Music Association Award (CMA) for Female Vocalist of the Year, with her fourth win in 2004.
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) is one of the institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
NIAMS' mission is to support research into arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases PDCTC; the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research; and the dissemination of information on research progress in these diseases.
93-640) established the National Commission on Arthritis and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases to study the problem of arthritis and to develop an arthritis plan.
The act established the position of Associate Director for arthritis and related musculoskeletal diseases and authorized an interagency arthritis coordinating committee; community demonstration project grants; an arthritis data bank; an information clearinghouse; and comprehensive centers for research, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and education.
April 1976—After a year of study and public hearings, the commission issued a comprehensive plan aimed at diminishing the physical, economic and psychosocial effects of arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases.
94-562) established the National Arthritis Advisory Board to review and evaluate the implementation of the Arthritis Plan, prepared in response to the National Arthritis Act (P.L.
1982—HHS conferred bureau status on the Institute, resulting in the creation of the Division of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the appointment of a Division Director.
The legislation provided for the development of a plan for a national arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases program and established two interagency coordinating committees, one on arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases and one on skin diseases.
106-310) directed NIAMS to expand and intensify research programs on juvenile arthritis and related conditions, in coordination with other NIH Institutes and the Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases Interagency Coordinating Committee.
107-84), called on several components of the NIH, including the NIAMS, to enhance research on muscular dystrophy, including establishing Centers of Excellence.
108-7) directed Office of the Secretary, HHS, to establish a Federal working group on lupus for the purpose of exchanging information and coordinating Federal efforts regarding lupus research and education initiatives.
In addition, the Muscular Dystrophy Coordinating Committee was authorized to give special consideration to enhance the clinical research infrastructure to test emerging therapies.
NIAMS supports a multidisciplinary program of basic, translational and clinical investigations; epidemiologic research; research centers; and research training for scientists internally and via grants to universities and medical schools.
It also supports the dissemination of research results and information through the NIAMS Information Clearinghouse and through the NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center.
Approximately 10 percent of NIAMS’ funding supports research and training activities carried out by NIAMS scientists on its campus in Bethesda, Maryland (including the NIH Clinical Center).
Most NIAMS funding supports investigators involved in a wide spectrum of basic, clinical, epidemiologic, training, and other programs in universities, medical schools, academic health centers, and small business concerns.
Division of Extramural Research Activities—manages NIAMS' grants, policies and procedures, including grant oversight and contract administration, scientific review and clinical research functions.
It serves as the primary liaison for NIAMS with the NIH Office of Extramural Research and with other Institutes that share research interests.
It handles scientific integrity and ethical questions in research and manages the NIAMS Council, a congressionally mandated second tier of the NIH peer review system.
These include applications for Centers, program projects, multi-site clinical trials, scientific meetings and training and career development, as well as applications responding to initiatives published by NIAMS.
Its mission is to promote and support basic, translational and clinical studies of the skin in normal and disease states, leading to PDCTC for rheumatic and related diseases.
This includes work that advances the understanding of the natural history of these disorders, as well as mechanisms of disease susceptibility and development.
The programs support research in rheumatoid arthritis; adjuvant and chemically induced inflammatory arthritis; systemic lupus erythematosus; systemic scleroderma; spondyloarthropathies; dermatomyositis and myositis; vasculitis; fibromyalgia; juvenile arthritis and general autoimmunity; gout; Lyme disease; and infection-related arthritis.
Areas of particular emphasis include: investigations of stem cells derived from skin; studies related to wound healing and fibrosis; heritable disorders of connective tissue (such as Marfan syndrome); studies related to itch; metabolic studies such as the effects of hormones and the role of enzymes in skin barrier formation; and immunologically-mediated cutaneous disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and vasculitis.
Research is underway to better understand keratinizing disorders such as psoriasis and ichthyosis; disorders of pigmentation such as vitiligo; and bullous diseases such as pemphigus, pemphigoid, and epidermolysis bullosa.
Other studies encompass acne and the physiologic activity of the sebaceous glands, as well as disorders of the hair, such as alopecia areata.
This group supports PDCTC research on diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system and its component tissues: the skeleton, muscles and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments.
Research areas include: regulation of bone remodeling; mechanisms of bone formation, bone resorption and mineralization; and effects of hormones, growth factors and cytokines on bone cells.
The programs emphasize the application of fundamental knowledge of bone cell biology to the development of drug and gene therapies for bone diseases, especially osteoporosis.
This program area supports several large epidemiologic cohorts for the characterization of the natural history of osteoporosis and for the identification of genetic and environmental risk factors that contribute to bone disease.
Particular interests include the basic biology of satellite and muscle stem cells, excitation-contraction coupling, muscle metabolism and adaptation of muscle to exercise.
The programs address a need for translational research to develop discoveries that enhance treatment and improve management of muscle and musculoskeletal diseases and disorders.
Research targets muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, muscle ion channel diseases, and muscle disorders such as disuse atrophy and age-related loss of muscle mass.
Musculoskeletal Biology and Diseases—understanding the fundamental biology of tissues that constitute the musculoskeletal system, and on applying this knowledge to related disorders.
PDCTC Research includes the study of acute and chronic injuries—including carpal tunnel syndrome, repetitive stress injury, and low back pain—and osteoarthritis.
Therapeutic approaches of interest include drugs, nutrition, joint replacement (including biomaterials and implant science), bone and cartilage transplantation and gene therapy.
NIAMS scientists explore genetic databases that provide insights into the immune-system defects that underlie rare inflammatory diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis.
For example, an intramural investigator’s discovery of an immune system protein led to the identification of therapeutic targets for multiple rheumatic conditions.
This led to work facilitated by two Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) between NIH and industry and ultimately U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of an oral rheumatoid arthritis medication that represents a new class of drugs.
Signal transduction pathways that differentiate normal and pathological immune responses are studied in mouse models and human tissue samples and researches targeted immune suppression therapies.
The tumor necrosis factor-family of cytokines and their receptors are a current focus, from molecular trafficking and signaling to the study of human diseases.
Specific attention is paid to progenitor cells obtained from human tissue samples and their trophic and differentiation properties involved in tissue repair and regeneration.
Studies focus on the development and testing of measures of health and disease, identification of predictors of good and poor health outcomes, examination of treatment effectiveness, and investigations of socioeconomic and ethnic disparities in health outcomes.
Community Research and Care Branch—coordinates the NIAMS Community Health Center, a health information resource and medical center that carries out research and provides health services to arthritis, lupus, and other rheumatic disease patients.
LMI includes the Molecular Immunology Section and the Genomics and Immunity Section that study the molecular underpinnings of inflammation regulation in both health and disease.
Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation—investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate differentiation and regeneration of skeletal muscle.
It examines various types of stem cells to generate neurological disease models, to discover and test drugs, and to develop replacement therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and disorders.
Laboratory of Structural Biology Research—studies the structural basis of the assembly and functioning of macromolecules and their complexes (such as viruses and cytoskeletal proteins), and the mechanisms and proteins that control their assembly.
These studies make extensive use of cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional image processing in studies of virus infection and replication; renewal of the epidermis, with maintenance of barrier function; prionogenesis (structural transitions of infectious proteins called prions); and intracellular protein quality control by energy-dependent proteases.
Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch—conducts basic and clinical investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune and inflammatory responses in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
A major focus is the study of receptor-mediated signal transduction and how these processes link to the regulation of genes involved in inflammatory responses.
Staff members advise the Scientific Director, Laboratory and Branch Chiefs and other key officials on collaborative and cooperative activities, training programs and proper use of laboratory animals.
The mechanisms by which specific mutations and genetic polymorphisms predispose to inflammation and how they contribute to unique phenotypic manifestations of individual diseases.
Systemic Autoimmunity Branch—studies the fundamental mechanisms that lead to the development and perpetuation of systemic autoimmune disorders, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis and their associated organ damage.
The program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and graduates are eligible to sit for the certifying examination.
Career Development and Outreach Branch—advises the Scientific Director, Lab and Branch Chiefs and other IRP officials on current and potential training programs; coordinates resources available for NIAMS fellows and their sponsors; and works in partnership with existing NIAMS and NIH components to ensure that NIAMS continues to attract the highest caliber of trainees.
Over the course of 11 seasons, she was nominated for ten Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress – winning four times – and was nominated for a record seven Golden Globe Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series.
Rhea Perlman was born in Coney Island, Brooklyn, the daughter of Philip Perlman (1919–2015), a Polish immigrant who was a manager at a doll parts factory and Adele (1922–2016), a bookkeeper.
His character became known by his real name, Phil, and he managed to get a few lines over the years as he appeared in more than 30 episodes.
The series struggled with ratings in its first season, but by the time it ended in 1993, it was one of the most popular and successful shows of all time, winning 20 Emmy awards out of 95 nominations.
She was also nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress six times, more than anyone else in that category.
They have three children: Lucy Chet DeVito (born March 1983), Grace Fan DeVito (born March 1985), and Jacob Daniel DeVito (born October 1987).
Perlman, who is Jewish, and DeVito, who was raised Catholic, raised their children celebrating the major holidays of both religions but did not give their children any religious identity.
The family had resided in Beverly Hills, California, and had also spent time at their vacation home in Interlaken, New Jersey.
In the broadest sense, the term spondyloarthropathy includes joint involvement of vertebral column from any type of joint disease, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but the term is often used for a specific group of disorders with certain common features, the group often being termed specifically seronegative spondylarthropathies.
Non-vertebral signs and symptoms of degenerative or other not-directly-infected inflammation, in the manner of spondyloarthropathies, include asymmetric peripheral arthritis (which is distinct from rheumatoid arthritis), arthritis of the toe interphalangeal joints, sausage digits, Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, costochondritis, iritis, and mucocutaneous lesions.
However, lower back pain is the most common clinical presentation of the causes of spondyloarthropoathies; this back pain is unique because it decreases with activity.
Assessment of Spondylarthritis International Society (ASAS criteria) is used for classification of axial spondyloarthritis (to be applied for patients with back pain greater than or equal to 3 months and age of onset less than 45 years).
After leaving Liverpool he became player-manager of Swansea City, where he spent two years, and then managed Kidderminster Harriers, guiding them to promotion to the Football League in 2000.
He later had a brief spell as manager of Hull City and then a brief spell back in charge of Kidderminster Harriers.
Born in Kolding, Mølby started his senior playing career at the biggest football club of his hometown of Kolding (Kolding), where he became team captain at the age of 19, before joining AFC Ajax, where he won the Dutch Championship in 1983.
He made his debut three days later on the 25th in the 3–3 league draw with Norwich City at Carrow Road.
He failed to shine for Liverpool in his first season as the team endured a comparatively poor season, failing to win a major trophy for the first time since 1975.
On a number of occasions, Mølby began matches as a third central defender or deep-lying sweeper, before moving into midfield alongside Steve McMahon, often with devastating effect, as the match wore on.
Having lost the league title to Liverpool a week earlier, derby rivals Everton were looking for revenge and took a 1–0 lead into the half-time break, courtesy of a Gary Lineker strike.
In the 57th minute he set up the equaliser for Ian Rush and followed that up six minutes later by setting up Craig Johnston to take the lead.
Mølby was also involved in the third goal, when Rush latched on to a chipped pass from Ronnie Whelan to put the final out of Everton's reach and complete the double.
Mølby also began to establish himself as a regular and successful penalty taker around this time, starting with two penalties converted at home to Tottenham Hotspur in the league on 28 September 1985.
Other fine performances included a brace in open play in a 3–0 home win over Aston Villa in the league on 7 December, and two goals (one a penalty) as they eliminated Manchester United from the Football League Cup in a 2–1 win at Anfield in late November.
During their Littlewoods Cup run, which ended with a 1–2 defeat at Wembley against Arsenal, he scored a hat-trick of penalties in a 4th round replay at Anfield against Coventry City.
During pre-season training in the summer of 1987, Mølby suffered a foot injury, which turned out to be a crucial turning point in his career.
He missed the first three months of the 1987–88 season, and with the arrival of John Barnes to play on the left wing, Mølby's place in central midfield was taken by Ronnie Whelan (who had hitherto played left midfield).
Whelan's partnership with McMahon proved a great success and, although Whelan was himself injured later in the season, Mølby's return to fitness came too late to resume his place in midfield, which went to Nigel Spackman for the rest of the season.
In 1988–89, Mølby returned to regular first team football, playing in central defence in the absence of the injured Alan Hansen, and scoring the winning goal against Manchester United at Anfield in the second league game of the season.
However, in October 1988 he was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for reckless driving following an incident earlier in the year.
The club decided to stand by him, and he returned to the first team in January 1989 in Hansen's continued absence, but suffered another injury in March which kept him out for the rest of the season.
In April 1989, Mølby, along with his teammates, rallied round the bereaved families of the Hillsborough disaster attending a number of the funerals.
In the following season, 1989–90 (Liverpool's last title-winning season to date), Mølby was a frustrated figure, unable to command a first team place despite often impressing during his occasional appearances.
He started only 12 of 38 league games, although he enjoyed a successful return to the team in the championship run-in, deputising for the injured Whelan.
Later that season, after Liverpool had knocked Brighton out of the FA Cup, Brighton manager Barry Lloyd expressed bemusement in a BBC post-match interview that Mølby was not being selected regularly.
When he scored a penalty in a 4–0 home win over Luton Town it was expected to be his farewell to the Liverpool fans.
Another injury to Whelan in a home league game against Everton in February 1991 gave Mølby another chance to re-establish himself, and he enjoyed his longest run of matches for four years.
However, after injury to McMahon and the surprise resignation of Dalglish, Liverpool could only finish runners-up in the league, despite having won their first nine matches of the campaign.
After initially extolling Mølby's virtues, new manager Graeme Souness changed his mind early in the 1991–92 season, leaving Mølby out as Whelan and McMahon again started in midfield.
However, after Whelan suffered another injury, he turned to Mølby, who went on to feature heavily in the Liverpool side that season, starring in the UEFA Cup and playing an important part in their FA Cup winning season.
After suffering injury in a 2–2 Premier League draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 18 October 1992, Mølby's career began to decline.
This led to longer recovery periods being required, so his injuries generally led to an absence of at least 3 months.
Over the first three Premier League seasons (Mølby's last), he started just over 30 games in total and all his goals came from penalties, including one in Liverpool's first game of the 1994–95 season when Molby opened the scoring with a penalty in a 6–1 away win against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park.
Early in the 1995–96 season, manager Roy Evans loaned him out to Barnsley and Norwich (where he scored once in the League Cup against Birmingham City), and in February 1996, he finally called time on more than a decade at Liverpool to take over as player-manager of Swansea City.
During Mølby's time with Liverpool, he only failed to score three times from the penalty spot (penalties against Sheffield Wednesday and QPR in 1985–86 and Chelsea in 1989–90 were saved).
He held the club record of most penalties scored by a Liverpool player until Steven Gerrard surpassed his record in August 2014.
He was a squad player (appearing generally as a substitute) with the Danish international side which competed in the 1984 European Championship and 1986 World Cup.
Once as a substitute in a friendly against Wales and later in the starting line-up in the 2–0 home defeat against Yugoslavia in the qualification for the Euro 1992.
He became manager of Swansea City in February 1996 but was sacked in October 1997 along with his assistant, Billy Ayre.
He had taken Swansea to the Division Three playoff final five months earlier, but they lost to a last-minute goal by Northampton's John Frain.
A dismal start to the 1997–98 season had seen Swansea struggling near the foot of the Football League, and the board decided that it was time for a new manager to be appointed, asserting that the team's good performances the previous season were more down to Mølby's qualities as a top class player, rather than as a manager.
Pursuing a career as a TV pundit, Mølby was finally offered the manager's job at Kidderminster Harriers, then in the Football Conference.
Utilising the existing squad of players, but adding his own in a few key positions (ex-Liverpool teammate Mike Marsh was drafted in to great success) Harriers won the Conference title (and promotion to the Football League) in Mølby's first season in charge.
It allows information such as the title, artist, album, track number, and other information about the file to be stored in the file itself.
ID3 is also specified by Apple as a timed metadata in HTTP Live Streaming, carried as a in the main transport stream or in separate audio .
ID3v1 takes the form of a 128-byte segment at the end of an MP3 file containing a fixed set of data fields.
There are standard frames for containing cover art, BPM, copyright and license, lyrics, and arbitrary text and URL data, as well as other things.
ID3 is a de facto standard for metadata in MP3 files; no standardization body was involved in its creation nor has such an organization given it a formal approval status.
In 1996 Eric Kemp had the idea to add a small chunk of data to the audio file, thus solving the problem.
Some players would play a small burst of static when they read the tag, but most ignored it, and almost all modern players will correctly skip it.
Since the comment field was too small to write anything useful, he decided to trim it by two bytes and use those two bytes to store the track number.
Winamp extended the list by adding more genres in its own music player, which were later adopted by others (though some are of dubious value: e.g.
The Enhanced tag is an extra data block before an ID3v1 tag, which extends the title, artist and album fields to 60 bytes each, offers a freetext genre, a one-byte (values 0–5) speed and the start and stop time of the music in the MP3 file, e.g., for fading in.
Genres 142–147 were added in the 1 June 1998 release of Winamp 1.91; genres 148–191 were added in Winamp 5.6 (30 November 2010).
ID3v2 tags are of variable size, and usually occur at the start of the file, which aids streaming media as the metadata is essentially available as soon as the file starts streaming instead of requiring the entire file to be read first as is the case with ID3v1.
There are standard frames for containing cover art, , copyright and license, lyrics, and arbitrary text and URL data, as well as other things.
For instance, when rating a song in iTunes, the rating is not embedded in the tag in the music file, but is instead stored in a separate database that contains all of the iTunes metadata.
Other media players can embed rating tags in music files, but not necessarily the same way, so as a result a song which is rated on one media player sometimes won't display the rating the same way, or at all, when played on other software or mobile device.
The frame is called POPM and Windows Explorer, Windows Media Player, Winamp, foobar2000, MediaMonkey, and other software all map roughly the same ranges of 0–255 to a 0–5 stars value for display.
The 0 is the play counter portion of POPM as per the ID3v2 POPM specification, which is not to be confused or conflated with the PCNT frame, which is a separate frame meant entirely for playcounts.
If an app supports granularity however, it should write 1 for one full star, and then 2–31 would be granular points under one full star.
Further, Windows Explorer and Windows Media Player up to and including Windows 7 and WMP 12 (possibly beyond) contain a bug such that, if one were to use them to rate files, any Replay Gain tags one would have will be corrupted.
WMP also writes the same values as described above, and reads the same way as well, EXCEPT for the cutoff between 4 and 5 stars, which is slightly different and basically of no consequence.
It allows users to jump easily to specific locations or chapters within an audio file and can provide a synchronized slide show of images and titles during playback.
MP4 also allows the embedding of an ID3 tag, and this is widely supported, especially in Apple's iTunes, which uses MP4 standards in its audio and video file formats.
Apple also uses ID3 tags to provide a Parental Advisory or Clean Version (radio edit) rating for audio tracks or music videos bought on the iTunes Store.
Earlier versions of Winamp such as 2.xx have been proven able to add ID3v1 and ID3v2 tags to MP1 and MP2 files.
In practice, government bonds of financially stable countries are treated as risk-free bonds, as governments can raise taxes or indeed print money to repay their domestic currency debt.
Even though investors in United States Treasury securities do in fact face a small amount of credit risk, this risk is often considered to be negligible.
An example of this credit risk was shown by Russia, which defaulted on its domestic debt during the 1998 Russian financial crisis.
It appears, however, that the risk-free portfolio does not satisfy the formal definition of a self-financing strategy, and thus this way of deriving the Black-Sholes formula is flawed.
We assume throughout that trading takes place continuously in time, and unrestricted borrowing and lending of funds is possible at the same constant interest rate.
Furthermore, the market is frictionless, meaning that there are no transaction costs or taxes, and no discrimination against the short sales.
It is easily seen that to replicate the payoff 1 at time formula_9 it suffices to invest formula_15 units of cash at time formula_16 in the savings account formula_17.
This portfolio exactly matches the payoff of the risk-free bond since the portfolio too pays 1 unit regardless of which state occurs.
In this specific case, if portfolio of Arrow-Debreu securities differs in price from the price of the risk-free bond, then the arbitrage strategy would be to buy the lower priced one and sell short the higher priced one.
Since each has exactly the same payoff profile, this trade would leave us with zero net risk (the risk of one cancels the other's risk because we have bought and sold in equal quantities the same payoff profile).
As mentioned before, the risk-free bond can be replicated by a portfolio of two Arrow-Debreu securities, one share of formula_24 and one share of formula_25.
Therefore, the price of a risk-free bond is simply the expected value, taken with respect to the probability measure formula_30, of the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution.
Thus, we see that the pricing of a bond and the determination of interest rate is simple to do once the set of Arrow-Debreu prices, the prices of Arrow-Debreu securities, are known.
Stormont Castle is a manor house on the Stormont Estate in east Belfast which is used as the main meeting place of the Northern Ireland Executive.
It was never a castle as such: the original building from the 1830s was reworked in 1858 by its original owners, the Cleland family, in the Scottish baronial style with features such as bartizans used for decorative purposes.
However, a number of prime ministers chose to live at Stormont House, the official residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland, which was empty as a number of speakers had chosen to live in their own homes.
Before devolution it served as the Belfast headquarters of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Office Ministers and supporting officials.
In geometry, a striking feature of projective planes is the symmetry of the roles played by points and lines in the definitions and theorems, and (plane) duality is the formalization of this concept.
There are two approaches to the subject of duality, one through language () and the other a more functional approach through special mappings.
However, there are non-Desarguesian planes which are not self-dual, such as the Hall planes and some that are, such as the Hughes planes.
If a statement is true in a projective plane , then the plane dual of that statement must be true in the dual plane .
The principle of plane duality says that dualizing any theorem in a self-dual projective plane produces another theorem valid in .
The three axioms of this definition can be written so that they are self-dual statements implying that the dual of a projective plane is also a projective plane.
The dual of a true statement in a projective plane is therefore a true statement in the dual projective plane and the implication is that for self-dual planes, the dual of a true statement in that plane is also a true statement in that plane.
As the real projective plane, , is self-dual there are a number of pairs of well known results that are duals of each other.
Thus, the dual of a quadrangle, a (4, 6) configuration of four points and six lines, is a quadrilateral, a (6, 4) configuration of six points and four lines.
The set of all points on a line, called a projective range has as its dual a pencil of lines, the set of all lines on a point.
That is, a plane duality will map points to lines and lines to points ( and ) in such a way that if a point is on a line (denoted by ) then .
However, if it is, that is, with a division ring (skewfield), then a duality, as defined below for general projective spaces, gives a plane duality on that satisfies the above definition.
That is, in a projective space of dimension , the points (dimension 0) correspond to hyperplanes (codimension 1), the lines joining two points (dimension 1) correspond to the intersection of two hyperplanes (codimension 2), and so on.
By the Fundamental theorem of projective geometry is induced by a semilinear map with associated isomorphism , which can be viewed as an antiautomorphism of .
In the classical literature, would be called a reciprocity in general, and if it would be called a correlation (and would necessarily be a field).
When this is done, a duality may be thought of as a collineation between a pair of specially related projective spaces and called a reciprocity.
Any duality of for is induced by a nondegenerate sesquilinear form on the underlying vector space (with a companion antiautomorphism) and conversely.
To simplify this discussion we shall assume that is a field, but everything can be done in the same way when is a skewfield as long as attention is paid to the fact that multiplication need not be a commutative operation.
The points of can be taken to be the nonzero vectors in the ()-dimensional vector space over , where we identify two vectors which differ by a scalar factor.
Another way to put it is that the points of -dimensional projective space are the 1-dimensional vector subspaces, which may be visualized as the lines through the origin in .
When a vector is used to define a hyperplane in this way it shall be denoted by , while if it is designating a point we will use .
Some authors distinguish how a vector is to be interpreted by writing hyperplane coordinates as horizontal (row) vectors while point coordinates are written as vertical (column) vectors.
This extends to a reciprocity between the line generated by two points and the intersection of two such hyperplanes, and so forth.
Specifically, in the projective plane, , with a field, we have the correlation given by: points in homogeneous coordinates lines with equations .
This correlation would also map a line determined by two points and to the line which is the intersection of the two planes with equations and .
When, in the model, these lines are considered to be the points and the planes the lines of the projective plane , this association becomes a correlation (actually a polarity) of the projective plane.
The sphere model is obtained by intersecting the lines and planes through the origin with a unit sphere centered at the origin.
The lines meet the sphere in antipodal points which must then be identified to obtain a point of the projective plane, and the planes meet the sphere in great circles which are thus the lines of the projective plane.
A point incident with a line in the projective plane corresponds to a line through the origin lying in a plane through the origin in the model.
This image line is perpendicular to every line of the plane which passes through the origin, in particular the original line (point of the projective plane).
All lines that are perpendicular to the original line at the origin lie in the unique plane which is orthogonal to the original line, that is, the image plane under the association.
Let be a duality of for and let be the associated sesquilinear form (with companion antiautomorphism ) on the underlying ()-dimensional vector space .
It is necessary to distinguish between polarities of general projective spaces and those that arise from the slightly more general definition of plane duality.
It is also possible to give more precise statements in the case of a finite geometry, so we shall emphasize the results in finite projective planes.
If is a duality of , with a skewfield, then a common notation is defined by for a subspace of .
Let be a (left) vector space over the skewfield and be a reflexive nondegenerate sesquilinear form on with companion anti-automorphism .
Expressed in other terms, a point is an absolute point of polarity with associated sesquilinear form if and if is written in terms of matrix , .
If is a finite field of odd characteristic the absolute points also form a quadric, but if the characteristic is even the absolute points form a hyperplane (this is an example of a pseudo polarity).
Under any duality, the point is called the pole of the hyperplane , and this hyperplane is called the polar of the point .
Using this terminology, the absolute points of a polarity are the points that are incident with their polars and the absolute hyperplanes are the hyperplanes that are incident with their poles.
By Wedderburn's theorem every finite skewfield is a field and an automorphism of order two (other than the identity) can only exist in a finite field whose order is a square.
If is a polarity of the finite Desarguesian projective plane where for some prime , then the number of absolute points of is if is orthogonal or if is unitary.
Furthermore, if the number of absolute points is , then the absolute points and absolute lines form a unital (i.e., every line of the plane meets this set of absolute points in either or points).
A method that can be used to construct a polarity of the real projective plane has, as its starting point, a construction of a partial duality in the Euclidean plane.
The line through which is perpendicular to the line is called the polar of the point with respect to circle .
If a point is on a line (not passing through ) then the pole of lies on the polar of and vice versa.
The incidence preserving process, in which points and lines are transformed into their polars and poles with respect to is called reciprocation.
In order to turn this process into a correlation, the Euclidean plane (which is not a projective plane) needs to be expanded to the extended euclidean plane by adding a line at infinity and points at infinity which lie on this line.
In this expanded plane, we define the polar of the point to be the line at infinity (and is the pole of the line at infinity), and the poles of the lines through are the points of infinity where, if a line has slope its pole is the infinite point associated to the parallel class of lines with slope .
The pole of the -axis is the point of infinity of the vertical lines and the pole of the -axis is the point of infinity of the horizontal lines.
The construction of a correlation based on inversion in a circle given above can be generalized by using inversion in a conic section (in the extended real plane).
We shall describe this polarity algebraically by following the above construction in the case that is the unit circle (i.e., ) centered at the origin.
Switching to homogeneous coordinates using the embedding , the extension to the real projective plane is obtained by permitting the last coordinate to be 0.
Note that restricted to the Euclidean plane (that is, set ) this is just the unit circle, the circle of inversion.
The theory of poles and polars of a conic in a projective plane can be developed without the use of coordinates and other metric concepts.
Let be a conic in where is a field not of characteristic two, and let be a point of this plane not on .
Given a polarity , a point lies on line , the polar of point if and only if lies on , the polar of .
A correlation that maps the three vertices of a triangle to their opposite sides respectively is a polarity and this triangle is self-polar with respect to this polarity.
A young Plücker was caught up in this feud when a paper he had submitted to Gergonne was so heavily edited by the time it was published that Poncelet was misled into believing that Plücker had plagiarized him.
The vitriolic attack by Poncelet was countered by Plücker with the support of Gergonne and ultimately the onus was placed on Gergonne.
Of this feud, Pierre Samuel has quipped that since both men were in the French army and Poncelet was a general while Gergonne a mere captain, Poncelet's view prevailed, at least among their French contemporaries.
In 1809 during the War of the Fifth Coalition, Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel raised a force of volunteers to fight Napoleon Bonaparte, who had conquered the Duke's lands.
After fighting their way through Germany, the Black Brunswickers entered British service and fought with them in the Peninsular War and at the Battle of Waterloo.
The skull continued to be used by the Prussian and Brunswick armed forces until 1918, and some of the stormtroopers that led the last German offensives on the Western Front in 1918 used skull badges.
Parliament Buildings, often referred to as Stormont because of its location in the Stormont Estate area of Belfast, is the seat of the Northern Ireland Assembly, the devolved legislature for the region.
The need for a separate parliament building for Northern Ireland emerged with the creation of the Northern Ireland Home Rule region within Ulster in the Government of Ireland Act 1920.
Pending the construction of the new building, Parliament met in two locations, in Belfast City Hall, where the state opening of the first Parliament by King George V took place on 22 June 1921, and in the nearby Presbyterian Church in Ireland's Assembly's College.
In 1922, a design by Sir Arnold Thornely of Liverpool was chosen and preparatory work on the chosen site, east of Belfast, began.
These plans were for a large domed building with two subsidiary side buildings, housing all three branches of government: legislative, executive and judicial, giving rise to the plural in the official title still used today.
These plans were found to be too costly, and it was decided to build only the Parliament Building, without the dome, in a Greek classical style and the foundation stone was laid on 19 May 1928.
It was built by Stewart & Partners and opened by Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), on 16 November 1932.
Stormont Castle served as the official residence of the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and was the meeting place for the Northern Ireland Cabinet.
Two separate chambers were provided in the finished parliamentary complex, the blue-benched rectangular House of Commons of Northern Ireland (green benches as at Westminster being considered inappropriate) and the red-benched smaller rectangular Senate of Northern Ireland.
While most traces of it were removed from the façades (though having done damage that can be seen up close), some of the remains of the paint survive in the inner courtyards and unseen parts of the building.
Additional changes to the building and its environs include the erection of a statue to Edward, Lord Carson, in dramatic pose (on the drive leading up to the building) in 1932, a rare example of a statue to a person being erected before death, and the erection of a statue to Lord Craigavon in the Great Hall, half way up the Imperial Staircase.
In the 1990s, Sinn Féin suggested that a new parliament building for Northern Ireland should be erected, saying that the building at Stormont was too controversial and too associated with unionist rule to be used by a power-sharing assembly.
However, no one else supported the demand and the new Northern Ireland Assembly and executive was installed there as its permanent home.
On 3 December 2005, the Great Hall was used for the funeral service of former Northern Ireland and Manchester United footballer George Best.
The building was selected for the funeral as it is in the only grounds in Belfast suitable to accommodate the large number of members of the public who wished to attend the funeral.
On 29 September 2012, the grounds were used for an Orange Order parade in memory of the signing of the Ulster Covenant.
The entire House of Commons chamber was destroyed by fire on 2 January 1995 which was blamed on an electrical fault in the wiring below the Speaker's chair.
Critics alleged arson and noted how the destruction of the chamber allowed the creation of the modern less confrontational chamber used by the power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly, which has no echo of the earlier seating arrangement.
The original House of Commons of Northern Ireland had been designed in the standard Westminster adversarial form, with the government and opposition facing each other in parallel blue benches across a central aisle.
Unlike the new Assembly chamber which replaced the old House of Commons chamber, the Senate chamber, with its red leather adversarial seats in two parallel blocks of benches, remains as it was originally designed.
The chamber has not been used as a parliamentary chamber in plenary session since the suspension of devolved government in 1972.
A further alteration that has been made to the chamber since 1932 is the addition of an inscription in the marble of the balustrade of the Senate Chambers Press Gallery.
The Stormont Estate is the site of Northern Ireland's main government buildings, including the Parliament Buildings, Stormont Castle and Stormont House.
Dextrins can be produced from starch using enzymes like amylases, as during digestion in the human body and during malting and mashing, or by applying dry heat under acidic conditions (pyrolysis or roasting).
The latter process is used industrially, and also occurs on the surface of bread during the baking process, contributing to flavor, color and crispness.
The starch hydrolyses during roasting under acidic conditions, and short-chained starch parts partially rebranch with α-(1,6) bonds to the degraded starch molecule.
Most of them can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration; one distinguishes erythrodextrin (dextrin that colours red) and achrodextrin (giving no colour).
Yellow dextrins are used as water-soluble glues in remoistenable envelope adhesives and paper tubes, in the mining industry as additives in froth flotation, in the foundry industry as green strength additives in sand casting, as printing thickener for batik resist dyeing, and as binders in gouache paint and also in the leather industry.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might either be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.
She is best known for the collaborative work with her partner Per Wahlöö on a series of ten novels about the exploits of Martin Beck, a police detective in Stockholm.
Per Fredrik Wahlöö (5 August 1926 – 22 June 1975) - in English translations often identified as Peter Wahloo - was a Swedish author.
He is perhaps best known for the collaborative work with his partner Maj Sjöwall on a series of ten novels about the exploits of Martin Beck, a police detective in Stockholm, published between 1965 and 1975.
He moved onto freelance work in the 1950s, writing theater reviews and film articles for various newspapers including for the newspapers in Norrköping before moving to Stockholm.
From the mid-1960s, he wrote together with life companion Maj Sjöwall a series of detective novels with criminal investigator Martin Beck as protagonist.
Several of them have been filmed, and a Swedish TV film series ran from 1997 to 2015, with Peter Haber as Martin Beck.
The freedom to roam applies, thus hiking, skiing and camping throughout the park are permitted, given that consideration to nature is taken.
At least 60% of Norway's area is mountainous, lakes or bogs (non-arable land, some of it is used as pastures); 37% is forest of various kinds; and only 3% arable land.
It is estimated that between 1900 and 2003 areas more than 5 km from intense construction activity has decreased from 48% to 12% in Norway.
The first initiatives to protect land were voiced in 1904, by Yngvar Nielsen, leader of the Norwegian Mountain Touring Association (DNT).
The natural protection act of 1954 prepared a legal basis for establishing protection areas, and the two first national parks were established in 1962 and 1963.
The post-industrial era that started in the last 1960s saw areas being protected as national parks or other protected status as a means to regulate the construction of vacation homes, roads, fishing, hunting, and gathering plants.
In addition to preserving rare plant and animal life, areas are protected to maintain reference points for environmental research, recreational resources for Norwegians, and as an inheritance for future generations.
The Directorate for Nature Management maintains indicators for the health of nature in Norway, including such measures as biological diversity, erosion, signs of pollution.
Included in these areas are 153 landscapes covering 14071 km; 1,701 nature reserves covering 3,418 km; 24 national parks covering 21,650 km; 102 natural memorials, and 98 smaller protected areas.
They have signalled an interest in preserving marine ecosystems, including the fjords of the western parts of Norway, and the archipelago southwest from Oslo.
Priyanka Gandhi (born 12 January 1972), also known by her married name Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, is an Indian politician and the general secretary of the All India Congress Committee in charge of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
She is the daughter of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, sister of Rahul Gandhi, and granddaughter of Feroze and Indira Gandhi, making her a member of the politically prominent Nehru-Gandhi family.
She obtained a bachelor's degree in Psychology from Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, and later a master's degree in Buddhist studies in 2010.
Gandhi had regularly visited her mother's and brother's constituencies of Rae Bareilly and Amethi where she dealt with the people directly.
In the 2007 Uttar Pradesh assembly elections, while Rahul Gandhi managed the statewide campaign, she focused on the ten seats in the Amethi Rae Bareilly region, spending two weeks there trying to quell considerable infighting within the party workers over seat allocations.
On January 23, 2019, Priyanka Gandhi formally entered politics, being appointed the Congress' General Secretary in charge of the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh.
The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee (April 12, 1934 – February 24, 1936), chaired by U.S.
It was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II.
During the 1920s and 1930s, dozens of books and articles appeared about the high cost of war, and some argued that arms manufacturers had tricked the United States into entering World War I.
The push for the appointment of Senator Gerald Nye (R-ND) to the chairmanship of this committee came from Senator George Norris (R-NE).
There were seven members: Nye, the committee chair; and Senators Homer T. Bone (D-WA), James P. Pope (D-ID), Bennett Champ Clark (D-MO), Walter F. George (D-GA), W. Warren Barbour (R-NJ), and Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI).
(In 1948, Hiss was one of several members of the Ware Group alleged by Whittaker Chambers to have infiltrated the Federal government on behalf of Soviet intelligence.
Although the committee found scant hard evidence to support the widespread public belief that the profits of the arms industry had been a significant factor in America's decision to participate in the war, their reports did little to dispel the notion.
Also, the arms industry was at fault for price-fixing and held excessive influence on American foreign policy leading up to and during World War I.
Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in World War I.
Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy).
In the same period, it lent to the United Kingdom and its allies 2.3 billion dollars, almost 100 times as much.
Because of these facts Senator Nye, many war critics, and members of the American public concluded that the US entered the war for reasons of profit, not policy — because it was in American commercial interest for the United Kingdom not to lose.
The committee's findings did not achieve the aim of nationalization of the arms industry, but gave momentum to the non-interventionist movement and sparked the passage of the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939.
Pavol Hudák (7 October 1959 in Vranov nad Toplou, Czechoslovakia – 18 January 2011 in Poprad, Slovakia) was a Slovak poet, journalist and publicist.
After high school in the Vranov nad Topľou (1975–1979) he studied at the Pedagogical Faculty, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Prešov (1979–1983).
Between 1983 and 1992 he worked as a teacher in a grammar school, between 1992 and 1995 he worked as local newspaper journalist in Poprad and Vysoké Tatry area, since 1995 as journalist in Nový Čas, Korzár, Pravda, Žurnál or Farmár.
The poem called Christ comes to Sarajevo was used by the well known composer Ivan Hrušovský in Requiem at the end of Millennium.
Rondane is a typical high mountain area, with large plateaus and a total of ten peaks above 2,000 m (6,560 ft).
The lowest point is just below the tree line, which is approximately 1,000 to 1,100 m (about 3,300 to 3,600 ft) above sea level.
Apart from the White Birch trees of the lower areas, the soil and rocks are covered by heather and lichen, since they lack nutrients.
The largest mountains are almost entirely barren; above 1,500 m (5,000 ft) nothing but the hardiest lichens grow on the bare stones.
Generally, Rondane does not receive enough precipitation to generate persistent glaciers, but glacier-like heaps of snow can be found in the flat back valleys.
The centre of the Park is the Rondvatnet lake, from which all the peaks beyond 2,000 m (6,560 ft) of altitude can be reached in less than one day's walk.
In this central region and north of it, the altitude is quite high compared with the flatter plateaus of the south.
Rondane has ten peaks over 2,000 m, Rondeslottet (2,178 m), Storronden (2,138 m), Høgronden (2,114 m), Midtronden western summit (2,060 m), Vinjeronden (2,044 m), Midtronden eastern summit (2,042 m), Trolltinden (2,018 m), Storsmeden (2,016 m), Digerronden (2,015 m), and Veslesmeden (2,015 m).
Large climate changes allowed reindeer to spread widely across Scandinavia, only to be forced back to a much smaller area — including the Rondane mountain area — only some hundreds of years later.
Archaeologists have found that the forest quickly grew at high altitudes; birch trees found at 1030 metres (3379 ft) were 8500 years old.
Large traps used to catch reindeer can be found at Gravhø and Bløyvangen and are also spread all throughout the park.
In conjunction with these large traps, there are also small arched stone walls which are believed to have been used as hiding places for archers waiting for prey.
It is thus known with confidence that the large traps and accompanying walls were used from the 6th century until the onset of the Black Death in the 14th century.
As a special measure for the protection of the wild reindeer, the park was significantly enlarged in 2003, its area increasing from 580 to 963 km² (224 to 372 mi²).
In addition, areas with lesser protection (landscape protection as well as nature protection areas) were established in connection with the park.
Following the expansion, it is now only approximately 1 kilometre from the northern border of Rondane to the southern border of Dovre National Park, and large sections of adjacent mountain areas are protected by the three parks.
There are no fossils found in Rondane today and so it is thought the sea where the rock came from contained no animal life.
At that time large quantities of ice were formed, and it is believed that the ice melted gradually in shifting cycles of melting and ice accumulation.
Rondane is one of the few places in Scandinavia and Europe where wild reindeer (as opposed to the domestic breed) are found.
Other large game, including roe deer and elk (moose) are commonplace along the rims of the park and occasionally musk ox from Dovre can be seen.
The reindeer largely rely on the lichen and reindeer moss that grow together with heather and hardy grass on the quite arid and nutrient-poor stony plateaus.
The lichen provide food for the reindeer, but also fertilize the earth, making it possible for less hardy plants to grow, and mice and lemmings to feed.
Visitors to Rondane are free to hike and camp in all areas of the park, except in the immediate vicinity of cabins.
The Norwegian Mountain Touring Association (DNT) is an association that owns and manages a network of mountain cabins in the service of hikers.
Ski trails are marked and sometimes prepared, either by DNT or some of the hotels and skiing resorts close to the park.
The Rondane Høyfjellshotell is located just 14 kilometers east of Otta and is the closest hotel to the Rondane National Park, being only 3 kilometers away.
With this scene, Ibsen wrote Rondane into one of the 19th centuries better-known plays and made Rondane a symbol for Norway.
Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, writer and gatherer of Norwegian folk tales in the mid-19th century, collected many stories connected with Rondane, including Peer Gynt, the story that inspired Ibsen.
The area of Poyang Lake fluctuates dramatically between the wet and dry seasons, but in recent years the size of the lake has been decreasing overall.
In early 2012, due to drought, sand quarrying, and the practice of storing water at the Three Gorges Dam the area of the lake reached a low of about .
During the winter, the lake becomes home to many migrating Siberian cranes, up to 90% of which spend the winter there.
Before the Han Dynasty, the Yangtze followed a more northerly course through what is now Longgan Lake whilst Pengli Marsh formed the lower reaches of the Gan River.
Around 400 AD, the Yangtze River switched to a more southerly course, causing the Gan River to back up and form Lake Poyang.
The backing up of the Gan River drowned Poyang County and Haihun County, forcing a mass migration to Wucheng Township in what is now Yongxiu County.
Calls have been made for action to be taken to save the porpoise, of which there are about 1,400 left, with between 700 and 900 in the Yangtze, and another about 500 in Poyang and Dongting Lakes.
2007 population levels are less than half the 1997 levels, and the population is dropping at a rate of 7.3 per cent per year.
Sand dredging has become a mainstay of local economic development in the last few years, and is an important source of revenue in the region that borders Poyang Lake.
But at the same time, high-density dredging projects have been the principal cause of the death of the local wildlife population.
Dredging makes the waters of the lake muddier, and the porpoises cannot see as far as they once could, and have to rely on their highly developed sonar systems to avoid obstacles and look for food.
Large ships enter and leave the lake at the rate of two per minute and such a high density of shipping means the porpoises have difficulty hearing their food, and also cannot swim freely from one bank to the other.
200 square kilometers of land was underwater in October, while the lake is normally 3,500 square kilometers in area when full.
In addition to the Three Gorges Dam, which must store water in its reservoir to be used in the winter, a drought was also blamed for the shrinkage.
The Jiangxi local government has proposed to build the Poyang Lake Dam to maintain water levels in the lake, building a sluice wall across the connection between the lake and the Yangtze river.
Scientists, as well as environmental groups such as the World Wide Fund for Nature, have criticized the proposal, arguing that artificially engineering water levels in the lake will adversely affect wildlife diversity.
In 1363, the Battle of Lake Poyang took place there; the battle is claimed to be the largest naval battle in history.
On 16 April 1945, an Imperial Japanese Navy ship, which carried loot from the Japanese Occupation of China vanished without a trace with 200 sailors.
Northern Ireland was recognised as a separate territory within the authority of the British Crown on 3 May 1921, under the Government of Ireland Act 1920.
The new autonomous Northern Ireland was formed from six of the nine counties of Ulster, being four counties with unionist majorities, and Fermanagh and Tyrone two of the five Ulster counties which had nationalist majorities.
The first government of Northern Ireland was the Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland, which exercised such authority from 1922 to 1972.
A Northern Ireland Executive was created following the signing of the Sunningdale Agreement in 1974, while the current Northern Ireland Executive under the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, was created in the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement, and has intermittently been in existence from 1999 to the present.
Northern Ireland has also been governed by ministers under the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland during periods of Direct Rule.
A former world champion in the super middleweight division, he and Roy Jones Jr. are best remembered as the two boxers who were controversially robbed of decisions against eventually Olympic light middleweight gold medalist Park Si-Hun in the last two rounds of the 1988 Olympics despite Nardiello and Jones clearly landing more punches in their bouts.
Two of the judges in Jones versus Si-Hun finals were banned for life after the tournament, while the third admitted his card was a mistake, with Jones being named the outstanding fighter of the tournament.
The stain of the 'bad decisions' in the 1988 Olympics stayed with Nardiello and Jones for the rest of their careers.
36 of 37 Americans got decisions in boxing in the 1984 Olympics in the United States, and the South Koreans had vowed to get back at the American media for being terribly wronged in 1984, and Nardiello and Jones were targets of the South Korean scorecards of the time.
Nardiello, who lost a 3-2 split decision Park Si-Hun, felt he had been cheated, argued with the officials at ringside and had to be physically dragged from the Seoul Olympics ring area.
On 13 December 1991, Nardiello was stopped in the 11th round of his first world title bout by WBA Super Middleweight champion Victor Corboba in France.
After knocking Massimiliano Bocchini in Italy, Nardiello again challenged for a world title, but was stopped in the eighth round of a London bout against WBC Super Middleweight champion Nigel Benn, in Benn's first bout since his bout with Gerald McClellan who sustained critical injuries.
On 6 July 1996, in Manchester, England, Nardiello defeated WBC champion Thulani Malinga to win a share of the World Super Middleweight title in his third attempt.
Nardiello lost the WBC title in Milan, Italy, later in 1996, when he was stopped by Robin Reid After winning three more bouts, Nardiello was unsuccessful in his final world title bout, getting stopped in the sixth round of a WBC World Super Middleweight title bout against Richie Woodhall (who had lost the 'other' 1988 Olympics semi-final bout to Jones) on 13 February 1999.
For an individual, a risk premium is the minimum amount of money by which the expected return on a risky asset must exceed the known return on a risk-free asset in order to induce an individual to hold the risky asset rather than the risk-free asset.
The certainty equivalent, a related concept, is the guaranteed amount of money that an individual would view as equally desirable as a risky asset.
For market outcomes, a risk premium is the actual excess of the expected return on a risky asset over the known return on the risk-free asset.
Here the left side is the degree of attractiveness of the risk-free asset—the known utility of its known return—and the right side is the degree of attractiveness of the risky asset—the expected utility of its risky return.
Thus the risk premium is the amount by which the risky asset's expected return must in fact exceed the risk-free return in order to make the risky and risk-free assets equally attractive.
thus the certainty equivalent is the certain value which is equally attractive as the risky asset; due to risk aversion the certainty equivalent will be less than the expected return on the risky asset.
The two options (choosing between door 1 and door 2, or taking $500) have the same expected value of $500, so no risk premium is being offered for choosing the doors rather than the guaranteed $500.
A risk-averse contestant will choose no door and accept the guaranteed $500, while a risk-loving contestant will derive utility from the uncertainty and will therefore choose a door.
If too many contestants are risk averse, the game show may encourage selection of the riskier choice (gambling on one of the doors) by offering a positive risk premium.
If the game show offers $1,600 behind the good door, increasing to $800 the expected value of choosing between doors 1 and 2, the risk premium becomes $300 (i.e., $800 expected value minus $500 guaranteed amount).
The difference between these two returns can be interpreted as a measure of the excess expected return on the risky asset.
An inoculation loop, also called a smear loop, inoculation wand or microstreaker, is a simple tool used mainly by microbiologists to pick up and transfer a small sample (inoculum) from a culture of microorganisms, e.g.
It was originally made of twisted metal wire (such as platinum, tungsten or nichrome), but disposable molded plastic versions are now common.
James Carroll Booker III (December 17, 1939 – November 8, 1983) was a New Orleans rhythm and blues keyboardist born in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.
In the 1960s, he started using illicit drugs, and in 1970 served a brief sentence in Angola Prison for drug possession.
As Booker became more familiar to law enforcement in New Orleans due to his illicit drug use, he formed a relationship with District Attorney Harry Connick Sr., who was occasionally Booker's legal counsel.
Connick would discuss law with Booker during his visits to the Connick home and made an arrangement with the musician whereby a prison sentence would be nullified in exchange for piano lessons for Connick Sr.'s son Harry Connick Jr.
The master tapes disappeared from the Paramount Recording Studios library, but a copy of the mixes that were made around the time of the recordings was discovered in 1992, which resulted in a CD release on DJM Records.
Booker then played organ in Dr. John's Bonnaroo Revue touring band in 1974, and also appeared as a sideman on albums by Ringo Starr, John Mayall, The Doobie Brothers, Labelle and Maria Muldaur throughout this period.
He also played at the Nice and Montreux Jazz Festivals in 1978 and recorded a session for the BBC during this time.
But really I think that Booker felt he was being taken seriously in Europe, and it made him think of himself differently and improved the quality of his music.
From 1978 to 1982, Booker was the house pianist at the Maple Leaf Bar in the Carrollton neighborhood of uptown New Orleans.
Following his success in Europe, Booker was forced to adjust to a lower level of public recognition, as he performed in cafes and bars.
Furthermore, Booker was subject to the social stigma that affected people who used illicit drugs and who experienced mental health issues during this era of American history.
At the end of October 1983, filmmaker Jim Gabour captured Booker's final concert performance for a series on the New Orleans music scene.
Booker died aged 43 on November 8, 1983, while seated in a wheelchair in the emergency room at New Orleans' Charity Hospital, waiting to receive medical attention.
The cause of death, as cited in the Orleans Parish Coroner's Death Certificate, was renal failure related to chronic abuse of heroin and alcohol.
From a musician’s perspective or piano player’s perspective, he matters because he figured out how to do things no one had ever done before, at least in a rhythm-and-blues context... Basically he figured out ways to do a lot of stuff at the same time and make the piano sound like an entire band.
He invented an entirely new way of playing blues and roots-based music on the piano, and it was mind-blowingly brilliant and beautiful.
Within all the romping and stomping in his music, there were complexities in it that, if one tried to emulate it, what you heard and what excited you on the surface was supported by some extreme technical acrobatics finger-wise that made his music extraordinary as far as I’m concerned.
In addition to coverage of Booker's significant influence upon Connick and his collaborations with prominent artists, Keber also documents the musician's heroin use and the deterioration in his mental health.
I know how to listen to something like the Neville Brothers or Irma Thomas, but Booker's music I didn't even know how to listen to.
In June and August 2013, the film was part of the program of the Melbourne International Film Festival (MIFF) and producer Nathaniel Kohn attended as a representative.
He died in 1983 and many of the people who knew him are either dead or reaching that certain age when memories start to fade.
So we talked to a lot of people and those conversations led to boxes of old photographs and tapes, video and music libraries in the States and in Europe, and the vaults of television stations, record companies, and museums.
Keber's documentary was also the opening night film at the Southern Screen Film Festival in Lafayette, Louisiana on November 14, 2013.
Having joined the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1950, he left the party after the 1956 Polish October protests and riots.
After the suppression of the Prague Spring, in which Polish troops participated, Andrzejewski wrote a letter of apology to Eduard Goldstücker, the chairman of the Czechoslovak Writers Union.
His purported alcoholism in his later years may have hindered his literary output, thus preventing him from ever becoming a true moral authority.
On 23 September 2006, Jerzy Andrzejewski was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by Polish President Lech Kaczyński.
Joseph Mbilinyi (born 1 May 1972), known for his stage names Mr. II, Sugu and 2-proud, is a Tanzanian politician, human rights activist and rapper.
Mr. II was stems from Songea in Southern Tanzania, started to rap in 1990, in his youth when he was still in school.
Most would consider his music as a voice for the voiceless, his brand of rap is soulful, lyrical, rhythmical and from the heart.
This is because Mr. II is not afraid to tell it like it is, undertaking sensitive issues of concern to many Tanzanians such as democracy, child prostitution, police brutality and corruption.
Due to the quality of his music and the message in his music, older people were more acceptance to his music and contributed to making him the first Tanzanian rapper to have a mainstream hit.
Mr. II is the African Great Lakes region's most popular Bongo Flava icon, and through this genre he was able to make a difference and create opportunities for the youth.
He is the primary organiser of the annual Tanzania Hip-Hop Summit, a yearly convention of the African Great Lakes region's most prominent and up-and-coming music stakeholders.
The summit is held in Dar es Salaam in December and brings together everyone from artists to producers to TV representatives.
Sugu is one of the most recognisable artists in the regional Hip-hop scene, has won numerous Pan-African music awards and has performed at a number of international festivals.
Regardless of his efforts to differentiate himself and his genre, Mr. II continues to be compared to the many great Hip-Hop artists from the U.S such as Nas, Jay-Z or Run DMC.
Sugu is also the Founder and Director of Deiwaka Entertainment, A company that has dedicated itself in promoting and developing Tanzanian hiphop/Bongoflava as part of helping in the fight against poverty and unemployment problems among youths in Tanzania.
Mary's Room is a thought experiment that attempts to establish that there are non-physical properties and attainable knowledge that can be discovered only through conscious experience.
C. D. Broad, Herbert Feigl, and Thomas Nagel, over a fifty-year span, presented insight to the subject, which led to Jackson's proposed thought experiment.
In an effort to make his argument more adaptable and relatable, he takes the stand of humans attempting to understand the sonar capabilities of bats.
Even with the entire physical database at one's fingertips, humans would not be able to fully perceive or understand a bat's sonar system, namely what it is like to perceive something with a bat's sonar.
Most authors who discuss the knowledge argument cite the case of Mary, but Frank Jackson used a further example in his seminal article: the case of a person, Fred, who sees a color unknown to normal human perceivers.
Whether Mary learns something new upon experiencing color has two major implications: the existence of qualia and the knowledge argument against physicalism.
First, if Mary does learn something new, it shows that qualia (the subjective, qualitative properties of experiences, conceived as wholly independent of behavior and disposition) exist.
If Mary gains something after she leaves the room—if she acquires knowledge of a particular thing that she did not possess before—then that knowledge, Jackson argues, is knowledge of the qualia of seeing red.
Therefore, it must be conceded that qualia are real properties, since there is a difference between a person who has access to a particular quale and one who does not.
Jackson argued that if both of these theses are true, then epiphenomenalism is true—the view that mental states are caused by physical states, but have no causal effects on the physical world.
If she in fact gains no new propositional knowledge, they contend, then what she does gain may be accounted for within the physicalist framework.
Some have objected to Jackson's argument on the grounds that the scenario described in the thought experiment itself is not possible.
For example, Evan Thompson questioned the premise that Mary, simply by being confined to a monochromatic environment, would not have any color experiences, since she may be able to see color when dreaming, after rubbing her eyes, or in afterimages from light perception.
However, Graham and Horgan suggest that the thought experiment can be refined to account for this: rather than situating Mary in a black and white room, one might stipulate that she was unable to experience color from birth, but was given this ability via medical procedure later in life.
Nida-Rümelin recognizes that one might question whether this scenario would be possible given the science of color vision (although Graham and Horgan suggest it is), but argues it is not clear that this matters to the efficacy of the thought experiment, provided we can at least conceive of the scenario taking place.
Objections have also been raised that, even if Mary's environment were constructed as described in the thought experiment, she would not, in fact, learn something new if she stepped out of her black and white room to see the color red.
J. Christopher Maloney argues similarly: If, as the argument allows, Mary does understand all that there is to know regarding the physical nature of colour vision, she would be in a position to imagine what colour vision would be like.
Surveying the literature on Jackson's argument, Nida-Rümelin identifies, however, that many simply doubt the claim that Mary would not gain new knowledge upon leaving the room, including physicalists who do not agree with Jackson's conclusions.
Some philosophers have also objected to Jackson's first premise by arguing that Mary could not know all the physical facts about color vision prior to leaving the room.
Linguistic physicalism is the thesis that everything physical can be expressed or captured in the languages of the basic sciences…Linguistic physicalism is stronger than metaphysical physicalism and less plausible.
A metaphysical physicalist can simply deny linguistic physicalism and hold that Mary's learning what seeing red is like, though it cannot be expressed in language, is nevertheless a fact about the physical world, since the physical is all that exists.
This, however, does not yet license any further conclusions about the nature of the experiences that these discursively unlearnable facts are about.
Several objections to Jackson have been raised on the grounds that Mary does not gain new factual knowledge when she leaves the room, but rather a new ability.
In the response to Jackson's knowledge argument, they both agree that Mary makes a genuine discovery when she sees red for the first time, but deny her discovery involves coming to know some facts of which she was not already cognizant before her release.
Therefore, what she obtained is a discovery of new abilities rather than new facts; her discovery of what it is like to experience color consists merely in her gaining new ability of how to do certain things, but not gaining new factual knowledge.
He aims to reinforce this line of objection by appealing to the different locations in which each type of knowledge is represented in the brain, arguing that there is a true, demonstratively physical distinction between them.By distinguishing that Mary does not learn new facts, simply abilities, it helps to negate the problem posed by the thought experiment to the physicalist standpoint.
Tye counters that Mary could have (and would have, given the stipulations of the thought experiment) learned all such facts prior to leaving the room, without needing to experience the color firsthand.
Earl Conee objects that having an ability to imagine seeing a color is neither necessary nor sufficient for knowing what it is like to see that color, meaning the ability hypothesis does not capture the nature of the new knowledge Mary acquires upon leaving the room.
To show that ability is not necessary, Conee cites the example of someone who is able to see colors when she is looking at them, but who lacks the capacity to imagine colors when she is not.
He argues that while staring at something that looks red to her, she would have knowledge of what it is like to see red, even though she lacks the ability to imagine what it is like.
Martha has been told that cherry red is exactly midway between burgundy red and fire red (she has experienced these two shades of red, but not cherry).
With this, Martha has the ability to imagine cherry red if she so chooses, but as long as she does not exercise this ability, to imagine cherry red, she does not know what it is like to see cherry red.
One might accept Conee's arguments that imaginative ability is neither necessary nor sufficient for knowing what it is like to see a color, but preserve a version of the ability hypothesis that employs an ability other than imagination.
For example, Gertler discusses the option that what Mary gains is not an ability to imagine colors, but an ability to recognize colors by their phenomenal quality.
Tye also defends a version of the acquaintance hypothesis that he compares to Conee's, though he clarifies that acquaintance with a color should not be equated to applying a concept to one's color experience.
In Conee's account, one can come to know (be acquainted with) a phenomenal quality only by experiencing it, but not by knowing facts about it as Mary did.
This is different from other physical objects of knowledge: one comes to know a city, for example, simply by knowing facts about it.
Gertler uses this disparity to oppose Conee's account: a dualist who posits the existence of qualia has a way of explaining it, with reference to qualia as different entities than physical objects; while Conee describes the disparity, Gertler argues that his physicalist account does nothing to explain it.
However, when he looks at numbers, his synesthesia enables him to experience colors in his mind that he has never seen in the real world.
Nida-Rümelin contends that, because dualism is relatively unpopular among contemporary philosophers, there are not many examples of dualist responses to the knowledge argument; nevertheless, she points out that there are some prominent examples of dualists responding to the Knowledge Argument worth noting.
In contrast to epiphenominalism, Jackson says that the experience of red is entirely contained in the brain, and the experience immediately causes further changes in the brain (e.g.
Jackson suggests that Mary is simply discovering a new way for her brain to represent qualities that exist in the world.
In a similar argument, philosopher Philip Pettit likens the case of Mary to patients suffering from akinetopsia, the inability to perceive the motion of objects.
If someone were raised in a stroboscopic room and subsequently 'cured' of the akinetopsia, they would not be surprised to discover any new facts about the world (they do, in fact, know that objects move).
Despite a lack of dualist responses overall and Jackson's own change of view, there are more recent instances of prominent dualists defending the Knowledge Argument.
Chalmers rejects these, arguing that Mary still necessarily gains new factual knowledge about how the experience and the physical processes relate to one another, i.e.
The Variations on a Theme by Joseph Haydn, (), now also called the Saint Anthony Variations, is a work in the form of a theme and variations, composed by Johannes Brahms in the summer of 1873 at Tutzing in Bavaria.
Brahms's orchestral variations are scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns (2 in E, 2 in B), 2 trumpets, timpani, triangle, and the normal string section of first and second violins, violas, cellos and double basses.
The first performance of the orchestral version was given on 2 November 1873 by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra under Brahms's baton.
However, music publishers in the early nineteenth century often attached the names of famous composers to works by unknown or lesser-known composers, to make the pieces more saleable.
The theme begins with a repeated ten-measure passage which itself consists of two intriguing five-measure phrases, a quirk that is likely to have caught Brahms's attention.
Almost without exception, the eight variations follow the phrasal structure of the theme and, though less strictly, the harmonic structure as well.
Each has a distinctive character, several calling to mind the forms and techniques of earlier eras, with some displaying a mastery of counterpoint seldom encountered in Romantic music.
The finale is a magnificent theme and variations on a ground bass, five measures in length, derived from the principal theme.
Its culmination, a restatement of the chorale, is a moment of such transcendence that the usually austere Brahms permits himself the use of a triangle.
Just before the end of the piece, in the coda of the finale, Brahms quotes a passage that really is by Haydn.
The Phrygian language was the Indo-European language of the Phrygians, spoken in Asia Minor during Classical Antiquity (c. 8th century BC to 5th century AD).
Phrygian is attested by two corpora, one dated to between about the 8th and the 4th century BC (Paleo-Phrygian), and then after a period of several centuries from between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD (Neo-Phrygian).
The last mentions of the language date to the 5th century AD and it was likely extinct by the 7th century AD.
Its structure, what can be recovered of it, was typically Indo-European, with nouns declined for case (at least four), gender (three) and number (singular and plural), while the verbs are conjugated for tense, voice, mood, person and number.
It has long been claimed that Phrygian exhibits a sound change of stop consonants, similar to Grimm's Law in Germanic and, more to the point, sound laws found in Proto-Armenian, i. e. voicing of PIE aspirates, devoicing of PIE voiced stops and aspiration of voiceless stops.
However, the hypothesis has been revived by Lubotsky (2004) and Woodhouse (2006), who have argued that there is evidence of a partial shift of obstruent series, i.e.
For this purpose, he ordered two children to be reared by a shepherd, forbidding him to let them hear a single word, and charging him to report the children's first utterance.
Hittite, Luwian (both also influenced Phrygian morphology), Galatian and Greek (which also exhibits a high amount of isoglosses with Phrygian) all influenced Phrygian vocabulary.
Precision Air Services Plc (operating as Precision Air; DSE:PAL) is a Tanzanian airline based at Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam, with a minihub at Mwanza Airport.
At first, it operated as a private charter air transport company but in November 1993 changed to offering scheduled services to serve the growing tourist market.
Precision Air was privately owned until 2003, when Kenya Airways acquired a 49 percent stake, paying US$2 million, weeks after its rival South African Airways acquired a 49 percent stake in for US$20 million.
In October 2011, Precision Air floated shares in its stock in an initial public offering on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, after which Shirima's and Kenya Airways's stakes declined and the new share subscribers owned 15.86 percent.
Because it was a private company until 2011, published figures were not generally available before the initial public offering prospectus of 12 September 2011.
Published reports in June 2013 indicated that Precision Air had encountered substantial financial difficulties, stemming in part from losses incurred while operating flights to and from Johannesburg, South Africa.
The airline's problems increased in 2011 when it received only US$7.4 million of the US$17.5 million in cash that the airline hoped to receive when first listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange.
Increasing fuel prices, taxes, and levies plus currency fluctuations and the refusal of minority owner Kenya Airways to contribute capital had also hurt the airline.
In 2011, Precision Air entered into an interline agreement with Qatar Airways, allowing the latter's passengers to connect to other east African destinations such as Arusha and Zanzibar via Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro International Airport.
It is on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and the construction of a marina started in January 2008 and is expected to be completed in September.
The marina, and the site of the railway station, are both outside the current boundary of the parish, and are in an unparished area, which is part of the town of Burnley.
The civil parish was created in 1894 from the majority of Reedley Hallows, Filly Close and New Laund Booth civil parish.
Although administratively inside the parish of Whalley, as parts of the former royal hunting Forest of Pendle, the area was extra-parochial until 1887.
As part of the Honour of Clitheroe, this meant the parish church for the area was the chapel at Clitheroe castle.
Reedley Hallows is the eastern side of Pendle Water, while New Laund Booth is to the north-west and Filly Close to the south-west.
The Bobo doll experiment (or experiments) is the collective name for the experiments performed by Albert Bandura during 1961 and 1963 when he studied children's behavior after they watched a human adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll, a doll-like toy with a rounded bottom and low center of mass that rocks back to an upright position after it has been knocked down.
The most notable experiment measured the children's behavior after seeing the human model get rewarded, get punished, or experience no consequence for physically abusing the Bobo doll.
It demonstrates that people learn not only by being rewarded or punished (operant conditioning), but they can also learn from watching somebody else being rewarded or punished (observational learning).
The new data from the studies has practical implications, for example by providing evidence of how children can be influenced by watching violent media.
The participants of this experiment were 36 boys and 36 girls from the Stanford University nursery school, all between the ages of 37 months and 69 months with a mean age of 52 months (here and following, ).
For the experiments, 24 of the children were exposed to an aggressive model and 24 others were exposed to a non-aggressive mode.
Each group was coed, ensuring that half of the children were exposed to models of their own gender and the other half were exposed to models of the opposite gender.
For the experiment, each child was exposed to the scenario individually, so as not to be influenced or distracted by classmates.
Before leaving the room, the experimenter explained to the child that the toys in the adult corner were only for the adult to play with.
Examples of this included hitting/punching the Bobo doll and using the toy mallet to hit the Bobo doll in the face.
After a period of about 10 minutes, the experimenter came back into the room, dismissed the adult model, and took the child into another playroom.
In this situation, the Bobo doll was completely ignored by the model, then the child was taken out of the room.
The next stage of the experiment was performed with the child and experimenter in another room filled with interesting toys such as trucks, dolls, and a spinning top.
In order to build frustration, the child was then told after two minutes that they're no longer allowed to play with the toys and that they were reserved for other children.
In the experimental room the child was allowed to play for the duration of 20 minutes while the experimenter evaluated the child's play.
The first measure recorded was based on physical aggression such as punching, kicking, sitting on the Bobo doll, hitting it with a mallet, and tossing it around the room.
The third measure was the number of times the mallet was used to display other forms of aggression than hitting the doll.
Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to pursue physically aggressive behavior than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model.
In regards to the aggressive model, the number of imitative physical aggressions exhibited by the boys was 38.2 and 12.7 for the girls.
When exposed to aggressive male models, the number of aggressive instances exhibited by boys averaged 104 compared to 48.4 instances exhibited by boys who were exposed to aggressive female models.
When exposed to aggressive female models, the number of aggressive instances exhibited by girls averaged 57.7 compared to 36.3 instances exhibited when exposed to aggressive male models.
Bandura also found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in verbally aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model.
Additionally, the results indicated that the boys and girls who observed the non-aggressive model exhibited much less non-imitative mallet aggression than those in the control group, which did not have a model.
Albert Bandura followed his 1961 study two years later with another that again tested differences in children's learning/behavior or actual performance after seeing a model being rewarded, punished, or experiencing no consequences for aggressive behavior towards a Bobo doll (here and following, ) .
Children between the ages of 2.5 to 6 years watched a movie of a mediated model punching and screaming aggressively at a Bobo doll.
Regardless of the experimental group the child was in, after watching the movie the child stayed in a room with many toys and a Bobo doll.
The experimenter found that the children often showed less similar behavior toward the model when they were shown the movie that ended with the punishment scene as compared to the other conditions.
The experimenter did not find differences in the children's demonstrated behavior based on which of the three movies the child watched.
The results of the experiment shows that rewards or punishment don't influence remembering or learning information, they just influence whether or not the behavior is performed.
For the 1963 study, Albert Bandura used children between the ages 3 and 6 to test the extent to which movie-mediated aggressive models influenced imitative behavior.
Group 2 watched a movie version of the human model become aggressive to a Bobo doll, and group 3 watched a cartoon version of a cat become aggressive towards a Bobo doll.
After the exposure to the models all four groups of children were then placed individually in a room with an experimenter where they were exposed to a mildly frustrating situation to elicit aggression.
Results showed that the children who had been exposed to the aggressive behavior, whether real-life, by realistic movie or cartoon, exhibited nearly twice as much aggressive behavior as the control group.
Two major theories that add to the ongoing debates concerning media influences are the General Aggression Model (GAM) and the Cultivation theory.
Both of these theories are attempts to explain the development of aggressive behavior and knowledge resulting from media's effect on children.
Violent video games have become widespread in modern society, which is another example of how exposure to violence can affect people's thoughts and actions.
Children in our society have the opportunity to observe violent images and media by television, movies, online media, and video games.
This skews our minds to believe that the world is a more dangerous place because we are only seeing what the media shows us.
The conclusion of this experiment supports the social learning theory, that when one observes another's actions (the aggression model) they tend to behave in a similar way (an aggressive manner).
This social science theory suggests that people learn by observing, imitating, and modeling; moreover, it suggests specifically that people learn not only by being rewarded or punished, as traditionally seen in behaviorism, but by watching others receive rewards or punishments in consequence to their behavior (observational learning).
Some scholars suggest the Bobo Doll studies are not studies of aggression at all, but rather that the children were motivated to imitate the adult in the belief the videos were instructions.
In other words, the children may have been motivated by the desire to please adults or become adults rather than by genuine aggression.
In a university-level introductory general psychology text, Bandura's study is termed unethical and morally wrong, as the subjects were manipulated to respond in an aggressive manner.
They also state no surprise that long-term implications are apparent due to the methods imposed in this experiment as the subjects were taunted and were not allowed to play with the toys and thus incited agitation and dissatisfaction.
Furthermore, biological theorists argue that the social learning theory ignores a person's biological state by ignoring the uniqueness of an individual's DNA, brain development, and learning differences.
The Battle of South Mountain—known in several early Southern accounts as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap—was fought September 14, 1862, as part of the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War.
Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, commanding the Union Army of the Potomac, needed to pass through these gaps in his pursuit of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's precariously divided Army of Northern Virginia.
Although the delay bought at South Mountain would allow him to reunite his army and forestall defeat in detail, Lee considered termination of the Maryland Campaign at nightfall.
After Lee invaded Maryland, a copy of an order, known as Special Order 191, detailing troop movements that he wrote fell into the hands of McClellan.
From this, McClellan learned that Lee had split his forces, sending one wing under Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson to lay siege to Harper's Ferry.
Lee hoped that after taking Harper's Ferry to secure his rear, he could carry out an invasion of the Union, wrecking the Monocacy aqueduct, before turning his attention to Baltimore, Philadelphia, or Washington, D.C. itself.
To counter the Confederate invasion, McClellan led the Army of the Potomac west in an effort to force battle on the isolated parts of Lee's divided force.
Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, the Right Wing, commanded the I Corps (Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker) and IX Corps (Maj. Gen. Jesse L. Reno).
The Left Wing, commanded by Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin, consisting of his own VI Corps and Maj. Gen. Darius N. Couch's division of the IV Corps, was sent to Crampton's Gap in the south.
From Boonsboro, Lee had sent a column under Maj Gen. James Longstreet northward to respond to a perceived threat from Pennsylvania.
After learning of McClellan's intelligence coup, Lee quickly recalled Longstreet's forces to reinforce the South Mountain passes and thus attempt to block McClellan's advance.
On the day of the battle, the only Confederate force posted around Boonsboro was a five-brigade division under Maj. Gen. D.H. Hill.
At the southernmost point of the battle, near Burkittsville, Confederate cavalry and a small portion of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws's division defended Brownsville Pass and Crampton's Gap.
McLaws was unaware of the approach of 12,000 Federals and had only 500 men under Col. William A. Parham thinly deployed behind a three quarter-mile-long stone wall at the eastern base of Crampton's Gap.
Confederate Maj. Gen. D. H. Hill, deploying 5,000 men over more than 2 miles, defended both Turner's Gap and Fox's Gap.
The Union Iron Brigade attacked Colonel Alfred H. Colquitt's brigade along the National Road, driving it back up the mountain, but it refused to yield the pass.
Just to the south, other elements of Hill's division (most notably Drayton's Brigade ) defended Fox's Gap against Reno's IX Corps.
Cox pushed through the North Carolinians positioned behind a stone wall at the gap's crest, but he failed to capitalize on his gains as his men were exhausted, allowing Confederate reinforcements to deploy in the gap around the Daniel Wise farm.
After Farmer Wise was paid one dollar each to bury the Confederate soldiers who died behind the stone walls on or near his property, sixty (or more) bodies were dumped down his dry well.
By dusk, with Crampton's Gap lost and his position at Fox's and Turner's Gaps precarious, Lee ordered his outnumbered forces to withdraw from South Mountain.
Union casualties of 28,000 engaged were 2,325 (443 killed, 1,807 wounded, and 75 missing); Confederates lost 2,685 (325 killed, 1560 wounded, and 800 missing) of 18,000.
However, McClellan's limited activity on September 15 after his victory at South Mountain condemned the garrison at Harpers Ferry to capture and gave Lee time to unite his scattered divisions at Sharpsburg for the Battle of Antietam on September 17.
The Civil War Trust (a division of the prominent battlefield preservation group American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 647 acres of the South Mountain Battlefield.
Most of the preserved area sits west of Route 40 south of where the old Sharpsburg Road (now known as Reno Monument Road) meets Fox’s Gap Road.
In January 2011, the South Mountain battlefield gained National Heritage Landmark status and in August 2012, the State of Maryland declared its continued commitment to the preservation of these invaluable lands.
The Civil War Trust followed up with another successful preservation victory in 2013 by saving 298 acres of battlefield land at Turner's Gap.
However, nearby heritage areas in Frederick and Washington counties are still threatened by development and South Mountain was listed as one of the Most Endangered Battlefields in the 2009 and 2010 editions of History Under Siege.
Plans to further develop the site of a natural gas plant just south of Fox’s Gap remain a significant threat to portions of the South Mountain battlefield.
Two future presidents, Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley, fought at Fox's Gap during the Battle of South Mountain, as part of the 23rd Ohio Infantry—Hayes as its commander, and McKinley a commissary sergeant.
Hayes would end the war as a brevet major general and McKinley a brevet major, and they would be elected to the presidency twenty years apart—Hayes in 1876, and McKinley in 1896.
Mary Ford (born Iris Colleen Summers; July 7, 1924 – September 30, 1977) was an American vocalist and guitarist, comprising half of the husband-and-wife musical team Les Paul and Mary Ford.
Hoping to have a musical career, Summers and Milly Watson lost interest in school, played truant frequently and eventually quit school, only to find employment as a cinema attendant.
By 1943, Colleen Summers, with Vivian Earles and June Widener, the sister of western swing guitarist-vocalist Jimmie Widener, formed the Sunshine Girls, a western trio who sang backup to Jimmy Wakely and his trio.
After Summers left the Sunshine Girls to work with Paul and his trio, she was replaced initially by Marilyn Myers Tuttle.
Colleen Summers appeared on Gene Autry's Melody Ranch CBS radio program as a cast member and featured vocalist from July through early November 1946.
By 1947, Summers became romantically involved with Les Paul, whose first marriage to Virginia M. Webb was failing, as it could no longer endure the stresses and strains of his show-business career.
In January 1948, while traveling on Route 66 through Oklahoma, the couple's car driven by Summers skidded off the road and plummeted 20 feet into a frozen creek bed.
Among Paul’s many injuries, his right elbow was shattered, and it would be eighteen months before he could play guitar again.
After Paul's wife Virginia took their two sons to Chicago, Summers moved in with Paul in his house on Curson Avenue, where she took care of him as he recuperated from the effects of the car accident.
Paul and Ford did all their recording at home or on the road and submitted the masters to Capitol, with Paul dictating to the record company what songs were destined to become hits.
Paul and Ford also used the now-ubiquitous recording technique known as close miking, where the microphone is less than six inches from the singer's mouth.
This produces a more intimate, less reverberant sound than when the singer is a foot or more from the microphone (see proximity effect).
The result was a singing style that diverged strongly from earlier styles, such as vocals in musical comedies of the 1930s and 1940s.
After extensive touring and recording, the couple decided to leave Hollywood and moved to New York City to make the crossover from radio to television.
During 1951, Ford and Paul earned $500,000, and had recorded more top ten hits for the year than Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and The Andrews Sisters combined.
They also purchased a woodland retreat in Mahwah, New Jersey, in the Ramapo Mountains, and their mansion included a recording studio and an echo chamber carved out of a neighboring mountain.
In July 1958, Paul and Ford left Capitol and signed with the Columbia label, but the move failed to restore their declining career, and Ford began increasingly suffering from alcoholism.
Ford and Paul were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 1541 Vine Street in Hollywood.
Audi's internal numbering treats the A6 as a continuation of the Audi 100 lineage, with the initial A6 designated as a member of the C4-series, followed by the C5, C6, C7 and the C8.
The related Audi A7 is essentially a sportback (fastback) version of the C7-series and C8-series A6, but is marketed under its own separate identity and model designation.
Audi's executive car was previously named the Audi 100 (or Audi 5000 in the United States), and was released in three successive generations (Audi C1, Audi C2 and Audi C3).
In 1994, the latest generation (C4) of the Audi 100 received a facelift and was renamed as the Audi A6, to fit in with Audi's new alphanumeric nomenclature (as the full-size A8 had just been introduced).
The United Kingdom was the first market to receive the A6, as stock of RHD Audi 100s had run out before expected, and before the rest of mainland Europe.
The new engines for the A6 were 1.8-litre 20v inline four-cylinder, 2.0-litre 8v inline four-cylinder, 2.6-litre 12V V6 and 2.8-litre 30v V6 petrol engines, with the 2.3-litre inline five engine being dropped on most markets.
For the diesel engines, an inline four 1.9 Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI), and the inline five (R5) 2.5 TDI () were available.
Until 1997, the A6 came with several different engines, two of them turbodiesel, and most of them available with Audi's Torsen-based quattro permanent four-wheel drive system.
Upon introducing the C4 series A6, Audi made small revisions to what was previously known as the Audi S4, renaming it the Audi S6; the S4 name would eventually be re-used for a completely different model derived from Audi's smaller Volkswagen Group B platform-based Audi A4.
This engine gave the S6 a top speed of , and allowed it to accelerate from 0 to in 6.7 seconds; with being reached in 17.5 seconds.
The vehicle was available with a standard six-speed manual transmission (five-speed only in North America), and Audi's dynamic Torsen T-1 quattro permanent four-wheel drive system.
Audi made a high-performance, 4.2-litre V8 engine (parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AEC) with a Bosch KE-Motronic ECU available as an option in the original European S4s, and made the decision to continue to do so with the S6, making a version of the 4.2 available as an optional upgrade over the 2.2-litre inline five-cylinder turbo.
Unlike the five-cylinder turbocharged version, the V8-powered S6 was supplied with a four-speed automatic transmission as standard, but kept the quattro four wheel drive.
As a swan song to the C4 platform, an even more powerful, and very limited-production Audi S6 PLUS was briefly available to European customers.
The S6 PLUS, developed by Audi's wholly owned high performance subsidiary, quattro GmbH, was available for sale during the 1997 model year only (production from June 1996 to October 1997).
It was powered by another version of the 32-valve (four valves per cylinder) 4.2-litre V8 engine (parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AHK, later to be seen in the Audi S8 as AKH).
It was only available with a revised six-speed manual transmission (parts code prefix: 01E, identification code: DGU) (gear ratios – 1st: 3.500, 2nd: 1.889, 3rd: 1.320, 4th: 1.034, 5th: 0.857, 6th: 0.730), with a final drive ratio of 4.111.
With so much power on tap, the S6 Plus saloon could reach from a standstill in 5.6 seconds, with the Avant a tenth of a second slower at 5.7 seconds.
This new A6 moved up a notch in quality, and was marketed in the same categories as the BMW 5 Series and the Mercedes-Benz E-Class.
The redesigned body presented a modern design, with a fastback styling which set the trend for the Audi lineup, and gave the relatively large saloon an aerodynamic shell with a low coefficient of drag of 0.28.
The 30-valve 2.4- and 2.8-litre V6 engines represented the bulk of the A6's development programme, with a multitude of other engine configurations available throughout the globe.
The C5 saloon variant arrived in mid-1997 in Europe, late 1997 in North America and Australia, and the Avant in 1998.
In Canada, there was no Avant (Audi's name for an estate/wagon) available at all in 1998 – Audi dropped the C4 Avant at the end of the 1997 model year, and jumped straight to the C5 Avant in 1998 in conjunction with its release in the US.
As a result of complying with FMVSS, the North American models were equipped with front and rear bumpers that protruded several inches further than their European counterparts, with modified brackets and bumper suspension assemblies as result, and child-seat tethers for occupant safety.
The V8 models arrived with significantly altered exterior body panels, with slightly more flared wheel arches (fenders), revised headlamps and grille design (before being introduced in 2002 to all other A6 models), larger wheels (8Jx17-inch), larger brakes and Torsen-based quattro permanent four-wheel drive as standard.
In 2002, the A6 received a facelift, with revised headlight and grille design, exposed exhaust tips, and slight changes to accessory body moldings, and tail light colour from red to amber in North American models.
The 1.9-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) was tweaked to produce a maximum power output of , and of torque, and was mated to a six-speed manual gearbox.
The 2.4-litre V6 was named the BDV 30 valves and gained an extra 5 hp and better balancing , and the 2.8-litre V6 engine was replaced by a 3.0-litre engine with .
A four-wheel-drive version of the Avant, with raised ground clearance and slightly altered styling was sold as the Audi allroad quattro, Audi's first crossover SUV.
The Audi S6 was a high-powered variant of the A6, featuring a modified version of the 4.2-litre V8 engine producing and .
Weighing in excess of and producing and , the RS6 was capable of 0- in 4.5 seconds, and on to in under 17 seconds.
Initially available as only an Avant, a saloon variant was later added; the saloon version being the only version available to the North American market.
Compared to the regular A6, the allroad featured an advanced air suspension system, allowing for increased ground clearance; larger wheels with all-terrain tyres, and flared and unpainted bumpers, giving it a distinct appearance and more overall flexibility over varying terrain.
The standard adjustable air suspension system can lift the car high enough to provide of ground clearance; a low-range mode (an option with manual transmission), absent from other quattro-equipped vehicles, can be selected with the touch of a button.
When used together, the two systems made it possible for the allroad to complete an official Land Rover test-course, thus far it is the only car-based SUV that has been proven capable of doing so in testing.
Conversely, the air suspension can lower the vehicle down to only above road level, and simultaneously stiffen the spring and damper rates to provide a sporty driving experience, much like that of the conventional A6 with the sports suspension.
Audi's 2.7-litre, twin-turbo V6 petrol engine with and of peak torque was available initially, alongside the 2.5-litre TDI diesel unit with and of torque.
A variant of the corporate 4.2-litre V8 petrol engine, was made available in 2003, and a less powerful TDI (163 bhp) followed in 2004.
Although the model continued to be available for sale throughout 2006 in Europe, there was no 2006 model year for North America.
Most notable is the Multi Media Interface (MMI), which is a system controlling in-car entertainment, satellite navigation, climate control, car settings such as suspension configuration and optional electronic accessories through a central screen interface.
This has the advantage of minimising the wealth of buttons normally found on a dashboard by replacing them with controls which operate multiple devices using the integrated display.
The multitronic continuously variable transmission continues as an alternative for front-wheel drive models, alongside a new six-speed tiptronic automatic transmission available in the four-wheel drive models.
The A6 allroad quattro made its debut in 2006, and as before, is an off-road ready version of the Avant, available with either a 2.7-litre V6 or 3.0-litre V6 Turbocharged Direct Injection diesel engines, or a 3.2-litre V6 or 4.2-litre V8 petrol engine.
The 6-speed tiptronic transmission system converted high-torque engine power into both sporty performance and operating convenience, with crisp, fast gear changes.
Advanced electronics respond efficiently to all driver input in both D (Drive) and S (Sport) programmes, helping to prevent unwanted upshifts when cornering.
The five-mode air suspension can be raised by up to 60 mm (2.36 in) to provide ground clearance of 185 mm (7.28 in) which is better than the older four-mode.
In some European markets, this A6 allroad quattro was more expensive than the larger Audi Q7, but air suspension is an expensive option in the Q7.
There are minor cosmetic changes to the front and rear lights which now have daytime running LEDs, the taillights extend towards the center of the trunk lid and pinch off at the license plate mount, however their shape remains rectangular compared to the more sculpted light clusters found in the 2008 Audi A5, 2008 Audi A4, and 2009 Audi Q5 (the latter three being all-new generations).
The A6's six (per side) front light-emitting diode (LED) daytime running lights (DRLs) are located within the main headlamp housing, similar to RS6's placement of the LEDs (ten per side), whereas on the S6 these front LEDs (five per side) are found adjacent to the fog lamps in the lower front bumper.
All petrol engines now feature cylinder-direct Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology, and all diesel engines now feature common rail (CR) and Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) technologies.
This new engine is shared with the B8-generation Audi S4 and S5, although slightly detuned vs. the S-cars, and makes the A6 3.0T only 0.1s slower 0-60 than the more powerful but heavier 4.2L V8 variant and 5.2L V10-bearing S6.
Also updated for 2009 is the Quattro all-wheel drive setup, which is already found on the 2008 Audi A5 and 2008 Audi A4.
This new system features a 40/60 front-to-rear torque split and offers a more balanced feel, reducing the understeer that comes from 50/50 AWD platforms.
Early models include A6 3.2 FSI (sedan), A6 3.0 TFSI quattro (sedan/Avant), A6 4.2 FSI quattro (sedan), S6 5.2 FSI (sedan).
Based upon the V10 engine powering the S6, the RS6 features an all-aluminium alloy V10 twin-turbocharged, Fuel Stratified Injection engine with a dry sump lubrication system.
It produces a power output of , and of torque, making it the most powerful vehicle ever produced by Audi at the time.
The Audi A6L was also converted into the form of a pickup truck although only two examples are known to exist on the roads.
The fourth generation C7 series Audi A6 (internally designated Typ 4G) was launched in early 2011 for the European market and in other markets soon after.
The A6 shares its interior, platform, and powertrain (Modular Longitudinal Platform) with the Audi A7 four door sedan, which had been released shortly before also in 2011.
Compared to the A8 and A7, the A6 has the most aggressive front fascia and LED headlights (optional full LED headlamps).
European engine choices for the C7 include two petrol engines – a 2.8-litre FSI V6 with and a , 3.0-litre supercharged FSI engine – and two diesel engines – a 2.0-litre inline four-cylinder and a 3.0-litre turbocharged diesel engine in three states of tune.
The European A6 3.0 TFSI will have an optional seven-speed dual-clutch transmission and an air suspension option, two features that will not be available on the United States model.
For North America, the Audi A6 3.0 TFSI quattro will be powered by a 3.0-litre supercharged V6 putting out and , the same engine carried over from the previous-generation A6 3.0 TFSI, but in a higher state of tune and mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission.
There is also an Audi A6 2.0 TFSI quattro powered by a 2.0-litre turbocharged inline-four, the same engine in the Audi A4 and Q5, mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission.
For the United States but not the Canadian market, there will be an entry-level Audi A6 2.0 TFSI FrontTrak (front-wheel drive) with a 2.0-litre turbocharged inline-four, the same engine in the Audi A4 and Q5, but mated to the Multitronic CVT (continuous variable transmission).
The 2012 model year A6 features all the driver assistance systems from the A8, plus it adds automotive head-up display, active lane assist.
The refresh includes styling tweaks to the car's exterior, engine line-up, transmission and MMI infotainment system with faster Tegra 3 processor, Handwriting recognition, Audi connect Telematics with state of the art 4G mobile internet (and online updates for the navigation map), and advanced Matrix LED headlights.
The new TDI Ultra model now comes with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) springs and both ultra models now come with S-tronic (dual clutch) transmission.
The entry-level Audi A6 2.0 TFSI FrontTrak (front-wheel drive) with a 2.0-litre turbocharged inline-four, received a seven-speed dual-clutch automatic that replaced the previous Multitronic CVT (continuous variable transmission).
A hybrid electric variant was also available for the first time in the A6, offering a 2-litre TFSI engine combined with a electric motor.
Electric power is supplied via a 1.3 kWh lithium-ion battery, with electric-only range of 3 km for constant drive and a top speed of .
Audi designed more than 1,100 new, unique parts for the allroad, setting it apart from the standard A6 and making it a true all-terrain vehicle.
The allroad comes standard with an adjustable air suspension system can lift the car high enough to provide of ground clearance; a low-range mode (an option with manual transmission), absent from other quattro-equipped vehicles, can be selected with the touch of a button.
When used together, the two systems made it possible for the allroad to complete an official Land Rover test-course, thus far it is the only car-based SUV that has been proven capable of doing so in testing.
Conversely, the air suspension can lower the vehicle down to only above road level, and simultaneously stiffen the spring and damper rates to provide a sporty driving experience, much like that of the conventional A6 with the sports suspension.
Early variants included 3.0 TFSI quattro (310 PS), 3.0 TDI quattro (204 PS), 3.0 TDI quattro (245 PS), 3.0 TDI quattro (313 PS).
The A6 L (built in China for the Chinese market as a long wheelbase alternative to the standard A6) was unveiled in 2012 in Guangzhou International Sports Arena.
Early models include A6 L TFSI, A6 L 30 FSI, A6 L 35 FSI, A6 L 35 FSI quattro, A6 L 50 TFSI quattro.
Other options include xenon plus headlights with an all-weather light, LED rear lights, an electromechanical parking brake, driver information system with color display, MMI radio plus includes a Bluetooth interface, Audi sound system with ten speakers, MMI navigation plus (hard drive, an eight-inch monitor, MMI touch input system), 15-speaker Bang & Olufsen Advanced Sound System.
The series production plug-in hybrid car will be available in China in 2016 on the long-wheelbase version, using the same hybrid vehicle powertrain like the concept vehicle.
Available in Saloon and Avant bodies, they are versions of A6 S line with 177 PS 2.0-litre TDI or higher engines (excluding S6) in front-wheel-drive or quattro all-wheel-drive configurations, for the UK market.
It included 20-inch rotor-design alloy wheels with a dark titanium finish, black grille and number plate surrounds and the window frame strips, and by privacy glass extending from the B-pillar rearwards; black roof rails Piano Black inlays, sports seats upholstered in black Valcona leather, black headlining, BOSE audio system with DAB radio, Audi Music Interface (AMI) for iPod connection.
Other options include LED headlights with a unique design, the sport differential on the rear axle, Comfort package, head-up display, the high-performance driver assistance systems, Bang & Olufsen Advanced Sound System with 15 speakers and 1,200 watts of total power, Bluetooth online car phone.
For A6 Saloon 3.0 TFSI quattro (310 PS), 7-speed S tronic is used in UK model, 8-speed tiptronic is used in US, Canada models.
As part of Audi A6 Avant launch in the UK, BBH London, Knucklehead, The Whitehouse, The Mill produced the 'Hummingbird' TV commercial, directed by Daniel Barber.
The commercial was to imagine what a bird designed by Audi would look like and to reflect the car's ultra-lightweight technology.
In addition, 60 second and 30 versions of the ads were supported by press, print and radio campaigns, as well as a presence on the Daily Telegraph's iPad app.
As part of Audi A6 launch in Taiwan, 2011 Audi Fashion Festival featured the theme of 'A6- The sum of Progress', including Shiatzy Chen, Kiki Huang, Robyn Hung and an artistic jewelry brand, Chen Chan.
As part of 2013 Audi S6 sedan launch in the US market, 3 different versions of 'Prom' commercial were premiered during 2013 Super Bowl game.
Voters were to decide their favourite version of the commercial 24 hours on Friday before the Super Bowl game, with winning entry shown on Saturday at Audi's YouTube channel and during the actual game at CBS.
As part of RS 6 Avant launch, Audi Land of quattro Alpen Tour 2013 featured RS 6 Avant begins on September 23, travelling across twelve driving stages in 6 countries (Klagenfurt – the capital of Carinthia, Austria, Monaco).
In the Audi RS 6 Avant TV commercial titled 'Perfect Fit', it featured a 2012 Audi R18 with the high downforce sprint bodywork in the guise of Audi R18 e-tron quattro.
All engines are offered with a mild hybrid drivetrain that can reduce fuel consumption by up to 0.7 litres per 100 kilometres for the V6-engined vehicles.
Following the launch of the new A6, Audi officially stopped production of the preceding A6 and A7 TDI variants due to an investigation on newly discovered emissions cheating software.
At this time, Audi has stated that the A6 Avant will not be sold in the United States, however the new RS 6 Avant will be sold in the US for the first time in 2020.
The A6 allroad is also on sale for the first time in the United States and Canada for the first time since 2005.
According to Dunne & Company, a research company, as of 2011, purchases in China and Hong Kong make up about half of the 229,200 Audi A6s sold in the world.
After a 1994 campaign from the Chinese government to have officials stop driving Mercedes stretch limousines, the officials began using black Audi A6 cars.
The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal lobe.
It is bounded caudally by the angular area 39 (H), rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909).
Area PF is the homologue to macaque area PF, part of the mirror neuron system, and active in humans during imitation.
The supramarginal gyrus part of Brodmann area 40 is the region in the inferior parietal lobe that is involved in reading both as regards meaning and phonology.
They may include diarrhea, weight loss, feeling tired, enlargement of the tongue, bleeding, numbness, feeling faint with standing, swelling of the legs, or enlargement of the spleen.
The four most common types of systemic disease are light chain (AL), inflammation (AA), dialysis (AβM), and hereditary and old age (ATTR).
Diagnosis may be suspected when protein is found in the urine, organ enlargement is present, or problems are found with multiple peripheral nerves and it is unclear why.
AL amyloidosis occurs in about 3–13 per million people per year and AA amyloidosis in about 2 per million people per year.
Amyloid deposition in the kidneys can cause nephrotic syndrome, which results from a reduction in the kidney's ability to filter and hold on to proteins.
In AA amyloidosis, the kidneys are involved in 91–96% of people, symptoms ranging from protein in the urine to nephrotic syndrome and rarely chronic kidney disease.
Autonomic neuropathy can present as orthostatic hypotension but may manifest more gradually with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation, nausea, or early satiety.
Accumulation of amyloid proteins in the liver can lead to elevations in serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase, two biomarkers of liver injury, which is seen in about one third of people.
One suggested mechanism for the observed malabsorption is that amyloid deposits in the tips of intestinal villi (fingerlike projections that increase the intestinal area available for absorption of food), begin to erode the functionality of the villi, presenting a sprue-like picture.
Twenty percent of people with AL amyloidosis have an enlarged tongue, that can lead to obstructive sleep apnea, difficulty swallowing, and altered taste.
Aβ2MG amyloidosis (Hemodialysis associated amyloidosis) tends to deposit in synovial tissue, causing chronic inflammation of the synovial tissue, which can lead to repeated carpal tunnel syndrome.
Adrenal infiltration may be harder to appreciate given that its symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and low blood sodium concentration may be attributed to autonomic neuropathy and heart failure.
Uncommonly, a collection of amyloid can grow large enough to be classed as an amyloidoma, a macroscopic lump of amyloid that can cause mass effect.
Some proteins are made of one single piece or sequence of amino acids; in other cases, protein fragments are produced, and the fragments come and join together to form the whole protein.
This causes proteolysis, which is the directed breakdown of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion; proteases come and digest the misfolded fragments and proteins.
The problem occurs when the proteins do not dissolve in proteolysis because the misfolded proteins sometimes become robust enough such that they are not dissolved by normal proteolysis.
The reason they aggregate is that the parts of the protein that do not dissolve in proteolysis are hydrophobic β-pleated sheets.
They are usually sequestered in the middle of the protein, while parts of the protein that are more soluble are found near the outside.
This ball of fragments gets stabilized by GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) and SAP (serum amyloid P), a component found in amyloid aggregations that is thought to stabilize them and prevent proteolytic cleavage.
The most useful stain in the diagnosis of amyloid is Congo red, which, combined with polarized light, makes the amyloid proteins appear apple-green on microscopy.
An abdominal fat biopsy is not completely sensitive, and sometimes, biopsy of an involved organ (such as the kidney) is required to achieve a diagnosis.
The type of the amyloid protein can be determined in various ways: the detection of abnormal proteins in the bloodstream (on protein electrophoresis or light chain determination); binding of particular antibodies to the amyloid found in the tissue (immunohistochemistry); or extraction of the protein and identification of its individual amino acids.
AL is the most common form of amyloidosis, and a diagnosis often begins with a search for plasma cell dyscrasia, memory B cells producing aberrant immunoglobulins or portions of immunoglobulins.
Alternatively immunohistochemical staining of a bone marrow biopsy looking for dominant plasma cells can be sought in people with a high clinical suspicion for AL amyloidosis but negative electrophoresis.
ATTR, or familial transthyretin-associated amyloidosis, is suspected in people with family history of idiopathic neuropathies or heart failure who lack evidence of plasma cell dyscrasias.
Most classification systems included primary (i.e., idiopathic) amyloidosis, in which no associated clinical condition was identified, and secondary amyloidosis (i.e., secondary to chronic inflammatory conditions).
The modern era of amyloidosis classification began in the late 1960s with the development of methods to make amyloid fibrils soluble.
Descriptive terms such as primary amyloidosis, secondary amyloidosis, and others (e.g., senile amyloidosis), which are not based on cause, provide little useful information and are no longer recommended.
The modern classification of amyloid disease tends to use an abbreviation of the protein that makes the majority of deposits, prefixed with the letter A.
Other forms are due to different diseases causing overabundant or abnormal protein production – such as with overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains (termed AL amyloidosis), or with continuous overproduction of acute phase proteins in chronic inflammation (which can lead to AA amyloidosis).
Additionally, based on the tissues in which it is deposited, it is divided into mesenchymal (organs derived from mesoderm) or parenchymal (organs derived from ectoderm or endoderm).
Treatment with high dose melphalan, a chemotherapy agent, followed by stem cell transplantation has shown promise in early studies and is recommended for stage I and II AL amyloidosis.
In AA, symptoms may improve if the underlying condition is treated; eprodisate has been shown to slow renal impairment by inhibiting polymerization of amyloid fibrils.
People affected by amyloidosis are supported by organizations, including the Amyloidosis Research Consortium, Amyloidosis Foundation, Amyloidosis Support Groups, and Amyloidosis Australia.
More specifically, AL amyloidosis can be classified as stage I, II or III based on cardiac biomarkers like troponin and BNP.
Survival diminishes with increasing stage, with estimated survival of 26, 11 and 3.5 months at stages I, II and III, respectively.
Outcomes in a person with AA amyloidosis depend on the underlying disease and correlate with the concentration of serum amyloid A protein.
Senile systemic amyloidosis was determined to be the primary cause of death for 70% of people over 110 who have been autopsied.
The most common causes of AA amyloidosis in the West are rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and familial Mediterranean fever.
People undergoing long term hemodialysis (14–15 years) can develop amyloidosis from accumulation of light chains of the HLA 1 complex which is normally filtered out by the kidneys.
Treatments for ATTR-related neuropathy include TTR-specific oligonucleotides in the form of small interfering RNA (patirsiran) or antisense inotersen, the former having recently received FDA approval.
Glodwick is a multi-ethnic residential area in the south of the Oldham, home particularly to a large community of Pakistanis and British Pakistanis.
Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Glodwick, one of the oldest parts of Oldham, was recorded in 1212 as being one of five parts of the thegnage estate of Kaskenmoor, which was held on behalf of King John by Roger de Montbegon and William de Nevill.
Glodwick later formed part of the township of Oldham within the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salford.
In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, Glodwick provided a base for many of the cotton mills that made Oldham the most productive mill town in the world.
Spinning companies like Samuel Milne, Lees & Wrigley, James Collinge & Sons and Bagley & Wright brought employment to the area.
The rioting gained international media coverage, and were said to be the worst racially-motivated riots in the United Kingdom for fifteen years prior, briefly eclipsing the sectarian violence seen in Northern Ireland.
Another prominent and well-used building is the Glodwick Pool (formerly Glodwick Baths) - a purpose built structure administered by Oldham Community Leisure.
Close to Glodwick is a disused quarry that has been designated as a Site of special scientific interest (SSSI) known as Lowside Brickworks.
It has yielded bivalves from the Carboniferous period showing how they interacted with the sediment, which also helps understanding of their morphological variation.
On 24 December 1944, at 5.50am, a V-1 flying bomb fell on Abbey Hills Road near to the junction with Warren Lane.
The bomb was one of over thirty released that morning by a large formation of German Heinkel He 111 bombers just off the North East coast of England.
First's 408 service runs a handful of service to Stalybridge via Abbeyhills and Shaw via Oldham during the day on weekdays, while Manchester Community Transport runs an hourly evening service and Stagecoach Manchester runs the Sunday service.
The 410 and 411 services, operated by Manchester Community Transport, provide a circular service around various parts of east Oldham running along Waterloo Street in Glodwick.
There is no railway station nearby, Glodwick Road station having closed in 1955, but there is a nearby Metrolink stop, which is Oldham Mumps, currently providing links to Manchester and Chorlton.
Air Tanzania Company Limited (ATCL) () is the flag carrier airline of Tanzania based in Dar es Salaam with its hub at Julius Nyerere International Airport.
It was established as Air Tanzania Corporation (ATC) in 1977 after the dissolution of East African Airways and has been a member of the African Airlines Association since its inception.
The airline was wholly owned by the Tanzanian Government until 2002 when it was partially privatised as per the directive of the Bretton Woods Institutions to implement the country's Structural Adjustment Program.
The partnership lasted for about four years and had accumulated losses of more than Tsh 24 billion (US$19 million) (based on an exchange rate of 1,251.9 as per the WB: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?page=1) The government repurchased the shares in 2006, making it once again a wholly owned government company.
Despite being the national airline, its market share deteriorated over the years from 19.2 percent in 2009 to 0.4 percent in 2011.
In December of the same year the president's office announced that a four additional aircraft would be purchased for the national carrier, with deliveries set for June 2018.
The Air Tanzania Corporation (ATC) was established on 11 March 1977 after the break-up of East African Airways (EAA), which had previously served the region.
According to Andy Chande, the founding chairman of the board, Tanzania and Uganda did not receive a fair share of the former carrier's assets despite being equal partners.
The airline commenced operations with a Douglas DC-9-32 leased from Kenya Airways and purchased an additional two Boeing 737, financed by a U.S. bank.
In May 1991, Air Tanzania began operating a Boeing 767-200ER that was leased from Ethiopian Airlines, but this aircraft proved to be too large and was returned to the lessor in February 1992.
Flights operated from Dar es Salaam to London–Heathrow via Entebbe on a Boeing 747SP initially, and then a smaller Boeing 767-200.
After signing an agreement with the government, SAA in December 2002 purchased a 49 percent stake in Air Tanzania Company Limited (ATCL) for US$20 million.
$10 million was the value of the government's shares, and the remaining $10 million was for the Capital and Training Account for financing Air Tanzania's proposed business plan.
The government was expected to sell 10 percent of its 51 percent stake to a private Tanzanian investor, thereby reducing the government's ownership to a non-controlling interest in ATCL.
The new Air Tanzania airline was launched on 31 March 2003, offering direct flights between Johannesburg and Dar es Salaam, but also to Zanzibar and Kilimanjaro.
It had been hoped to launch services to Dubai, India, and Europe, but these were delayed as Air Tanzania had only Boeing 737-200s in its fleet.
The development of Dar es Salaam as an East African hub for the SAA alliance had also not proceeded as quickly as planned.
Air Tanzania suspended on 31 January 2005 one of its few regional services, Dar es Salaam to Nairobi, following intense competition from Kenya Airways on the route.
The airline, however, reaffirmed its intention to launch long-haul services within a year from Dar es Salaam to Dubai, London, Mumbai, and Muscat.
The Tanzanian government announced on 31 March 2006 that it would dispose of ATCL following four years of losses, which amounted to TZS 24.7 billion.
On 7 September 2006, the Tanzanian government bought SAA's 49 percent stake in ATCL for US$1 million, hence officially terminating its partnership with SAA.
After the partnership between Air Tanzania and South African Airways (SAA) was officially terminated, the government set aside TZS 13 billion for Air Tanzania to start using its own ticket stock (number 197) instead of the stock of SAA (number 083), changing revenue systems and fuel services, preparing e-ticketing and accounts systems, using a new trademark, and clearing outstanding debts.
President Jakaya Kikwete appointed Mustafa Nyang'anyi, a veteran politician and diplomat ambassador, as the board chairman, and former Parastatal Pensions Fund director general David Mattaka as managing director and chief executive officer.
The first discussions began with China Sonangol International Limited in 2007, however, the discussions were ultimately unsuccessful and ended in 2010.
A member of the National Assembly of Tanzania also asked the government to claim compensation from SAA for taking aircraft spare parts from the Air Tanzania hangar at the Kilimanjaro International Airport to South Africa.
Air Tanzania was relaunched in September 2007 after the dissolution of the partnership with SAA with two leased Boeing 737-200s in its fleet.
The introduction of the airline's new logo on a leased Airbus A320 bore the image of the imposing giraffe – Tanzania's national icon, to replace the South African Airways flag symbol.
On 1 October 2007, the revamped Air Tanzania made its inaugural flight on the Dar es Salaam to Mwanza via Kilimanjaro route.
In December 2008, the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority (TCAA) withdrew Air Tanzania's Air Operator Certificate because the airline had failed to meet the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
Two weeks later, the International Air Transport Association banned the air carrier from all aviation transactions and informed all travel agencies and other aviation companies to stop all transactions with Air Tanzania until further notice.
The certificate was restored in January 2009, with both the TCAA and Air Tanzania claiming there had never been any doubt about the airworthiness of its aircraft.
Once the talks with China Sonangol International limited fell through, press reports in July 2010 indicated that Air Tanzania was in serious discussions with Air Zimbabwe to establish extensive and substantive management collaborative arrangements.
Both airlines were reported to be in search of strategic partners to shore up their operations, which had been in decline over the past decade.
From 2011 to 2015 the airline was in a constant period of decline, with the airline shutting down operations multiple times due to lack of aircraft.
Air Tanzania was effectively grounded in March 2011, after its sole remaining operational aircraft, a Bombardier Q300 was sent to South Africa for heavy maintenance, leaving the carrier literally stranded due to the company having failed to plan forward to have a suitable aircraft leased for the duration.
At the same time, the other Bombardier Q300 was undergoing a heavy C-check at ATCL's hangar at the Dar es Salam Terminal.
The maintenance cost US$1 million, but other accumulated expenses brought the total bill to $3 million, which the Tanzanian government paid in September 2011.
On November 2011 Air Tanzania had leased a Fokker F28 aircraft from JetLink Express on a standby basis in case its only operational aircraft is incapacitated.
The airline assured the public that it would never cease operations again and that more aircraft would be procured over the next several months and years, according to the airline's business plan shared with the media.
On 21 November 2011, Air Tanzania began negotiations with Export Development Canada (EDC) to explore how EDC could assist the airline to acquire more aircraft from Bombardier, a Canadian aircraft manufacturer.
On 29 March 2012, Aerovista leased a Boeing 737-500 to Air Tanzania to enhance the airline's service delivery in the short-term.
The only other aircraft in the fleet, a Bombardier Q300, was stored for maintenance, which caused the airline to suspend operations and rebook passengers to other carriers.
The 737 arrived in Dar es Salaam on 11 October 2012 in Air Tanzania livery and started operations the following day.
In late 2012, the Controller and Auditor General of Tanzania, Ludovick Utouh, recommended the criminal prosecution of three former managers of ATCL for the 2007 lease of the Airbus A320 from Wallis Trading Company, a Lebanese company.
He said there were massive misappropriation and mismanagement of the leasing agreement, resulting in an accumulated debt of US$41.4 million by October 2012, all of which is guaranteed by the government.
The aircraft was in ATCL's possession for 48 months, but it spent 41 of those months in France undergoing a major maintenance.
In the airline's search for a new partner in January 2013, the chairman of Al Hayat Development and Investment Company (AHDIC), Sheikh Salim Al-Harthyan, announced plans for an Omani investment corporation to invest US$100 million in Air Tanzania.
The money would be used to build an airline training centre and offices for Air Tanzania, buy aircraft, and engage in other development activities that would begin before the end of 2013.
But in May 2014, the media reported no progress had been made and that AHDIC might not be a real company.
In September 2016, the Tanzanian government, through its Tanzania Government Flight Agency (TGFA), took delivery of two Bombardier Q400 turboprop aircraft at Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam.
On 2 December 2016, Bombardier Commercial Aircraft announced that the Tanzanian government, acting through its TGFA, had signed firm purchase agreements for two CS300 jetliners and one Q400 turboprop aircraft for lease to Air Tanzania.
This aircraft had been scheduled to be delivered in August 2017, but the delivery was delayed after being seized by Canadian contractor Sterling following the Tanzanian government's unwillingness to settle a US$38.7 million debt awarded to the contractor by the International Court of Arbitration in 2010.
All new aircraft operated by the airline are owned by the Government Flight Agency which then leases them to the airline.
The airline became the first African operator of this aircraft type and the fifth airline globally with an A220 family airplane.
The EuroLeague, known as the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague for sponsorship reasons, is the top-tier European professional basketball club competition, organized by Euroleague Basketball since 2000.
Introduced in 2000, the competition replaced the FIBA EuroLeague (which was previously called the FIBA European Champions Cup, or simply the European Cup), which had been run by FIBA since 1958.
The FIBA European Champions Cup and the EuroLeague are considered to be the same competition, with the change of name being simply a re-branding.
The EuroLeague is one of the most popular indoor sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 8,780 for league matches in the 2017–18 season.
That was the fifth-highest of any professional indoor sports league in the world (the highest outside the United States), and the second-highest of any professional basketball league in the world, only behind the National Basketball Association (NBA).
The FIBA European Champions Cup was originally established by FIBA and it operated under its umbrella from 1958 until the summer of 2000, concluding with the 1999–00 season.
Euroleague Basketball simply appropriated the name, and since FIBA had no legal recourse to do anything about it, it was forced to find a new name for its championship series.
Thus, the following 2000–2001 season started with two separate top European professional club basketball competitions: the FIBA SuproLeague (previously known as the FIBA EuroLeague) and the brand new Euroleague 2000–01 season.
Top clubs were also split between the two leagues: Panathinaikos, Maccabi Elite Tel Aviv, CSKA Moscow and Efes Pilsen stayed with FIBA, while Olympiacos, Kinder Bologna, Real Madrid Teka, FC Barcelona, Paf Wennington Bologna, Benetton Treviso, AEK and Tau Cerámica joined Euroleague Basketball.
As a result, European club competition was fully integrated under Euroleague Basketball's umbrella and teams that competed in the FIBA SuproLeague during the 2000–01 season joined it as well.
FIBA stayed in charge of national team competitions (like the FIBA EuroBasket, the FIBA World Cup, and the Summer Olympics), while Euroleague Basketball took over the European professional club competitions.
From that point on, FIBA's Korać Cup and Saporta Cup competitions lasted only one more season before folding, which was when Euroleague Basketball launched the ULEB Cup, now known as the EuroCup.
Both Euroleague Basketball and IMG will manage the commercial operation, and the management of all global rights covering both media and marketing.
Along with the deal the league changed into a true league format, with 16 teams playing each other team in the regular season followed by the playoffs.
EuroLeague has been criticised by FIBA as well as several national federations for creating a 'closed league' and ignoring the principle of meritocracy.
In July 2019, EuroLeague announced that from the 2019–20 season there will be no direct assess to the league through domestic leagues anymore.
On 26 July 2010, Turkish Airlines and Euroleague Basketball announced a €15 million strategic agreement to sponsor the top European basketball competition across the globe.
Similarly, the EuroLeague Final Four would be named the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague Final Four, whereby the new league title would appear in all media accordingly.
Starting with the 2016–17 season, the EuroLeague is made up of 16 teams, which each play each other twice, once at home and once away, in a double round robin league regular season, each team playing 30 games.
The top 8 placed teams at the end of the regular season advance to playoffs, each playing a 5 game playoff series against a single opponent.
The regular season standings are used to determine which teams play each other, and in each pairing the higher placed team has home-court advantage in the series, playing 3 of the 5 games at home.
Each team plays a maximum 37 games per season: 30 in the regular season, a maximum of 5 during the playoffs, and 2 in the Final Four.
Currently, 11 out of the 18 EuroLeague places are held by licensed clubs that have long-term licenses with Euroleague Basketball, and are members of the Shareholders Executive Board.
The five associated clubs are awarded through one place going to the winner of the previous season's 2nd-tier European competition, the EuroCup, with the other four places going to a combination of European national domestic league winners (ABA League, VTB United League, Basketball Bundesliga, Liga ACB).
Previously, in 2008, the Euroleague Basketball had originally decided to increase the minimum arena seating requirement to 10,000, within four years time, in order to force EuroLeague clubs to move into and/or build bigger arenas.
It is also televised in the United States and Canada on NBA TV and available online through ESPN3 (in English) and ESPN Deportes (in Spanish) until 2017–18 season.
David Graham served with the RAF as a fighter pilot during the Second World War, and later as a flying instructor.
The present town was established as separate settlement in the late 19th century, on land that was mainly part of Chadwell St Mary.
The name of the present town of Tilbury is derived (by way of the port) from the nearby settlements of East and West Tilbury.
Its counterpart on the south bank of the River Thames, Gravesend, has long been an important communications link, and it was there that a cross-river ferry (see below) was connected, mainly due to the narrowness of the river at this point.
In addition, Gravesend and Northfleet (also on the south shore) both became vitally important to shipping on the Thames: the former as the first port of call for foreign shipping bound for London, and the latter as a naval dockyard.
In the 12th century the river, which had hitherto consisted of difficult channels with uncharted shoals, was changed by the process of embanking the river and enclosing areas of marsh.
In 1588 Queen Elizabeth I came ashore here to review her main army at the nearby village of West Tilbury (see Speech to the Troops at Tilbury).
In 1852 an Act of Parliament had authorised the building of the London Tilbury and Southend Railway (LTSR), with a short spur to take advantage of the ferry over the Thames; a pier nearby was constructed for the steamboat traffic.
A few houses were built for the railway workers, but it was not until the construction of Tilbury Docks (see below) that there was any settlement worthy of a name.
Whilst the docks were being built, the thousands of workers were either provided with temporary accommodation or had to commute from surrounding villages and towns.
As a result of overcrowding, more permanent housing was built once the docks were completed, including tenement blocks; but these were poorly constructed, and until the formation of Tilbury District Council (see below) the town was in a poor state, as it largely remained until 1918, when government funds were available to better the situation.
A sketch-map of 1571 shows evidence of two jetties, the one on the north bank leading to a northward road crossing the marsh.
There are also houses marked on the marsh itself, which became important for sheep grazing; and there is some evidence to suggest that the ferry was used for the cross-river transport of animals and wool.
Although the 17th century drawing might suggest a boat too small for large consignments, the long-established Gravesend market encouraged such traffic, and a contemporary account suggests that one of the boats used was a hoy, a forerunner of the Thames sailing barge.
The curve and narrowness of the river here made it a suitable place to construct forts for the defence of London against foreign invaders.
During the Armada campaign (1588), the fort was reinforced with earthworks and a palisade, and a boom of chains, ships' masts and cables was stretched across the Thames to Gravesend, anchored by lighters.
Until 1903, the marshland area was part of the traditional parish and civil parish of Chadwell St Mary, which reached south to the River Thames.
The parish of Tilbury Docks was established in 1903 and the Tilbury Urban District Council (UDC) in 1912; it merged with Thurrock UDC in 1936.
There are two wards covering the town, each served by two councillors: Tilbury Riverside and Thurrock Park for the southern part and Tilbury St Chad's in the north.
Tilbury is on the north bank of the River Thames, where the river's meander has caused it to narrow to approximately in width.
The area to the north is one-time marshlands; to the north of that there is higher ground, where lie the villages of Chadwell St Mary, West and East Tilbury.
There are two churches in Tilbury: St John's (Church of England) and Our Lady Star of the Sea (Roman Catholic); there is also a Convent of Mercy.
The educational institutions in Tilbury include primary education, which are Lansdowne Primary School, St Mary's RC Primary School and Tilbury Manor Primary School.
The Port of Tilbury handles a variety of bulk cargo, timber, cars and container traffic and remains, along with Southampton and Felixstowe, one of Britain's three major container ports.
The one-time passenger landing stage was reopened by the Port of Tilbury group as the London Cruise Terminal, though it is no longer served by the railway.
The resulting loss of jobs has never been made up, and Tilbury today has high unemployment and education and employment prospects are widely perceived as poor.
Thurrock Council, together with Kent County Council, subsidises the ferry between Tilbury and Gravesend, which is currently operated by the Lower Thames & Medway Passenger Boat Company.
Bus route 99 (operated in partnership by both c2c rail and Ensignbus) now connects Tilbury Town railway station and the ferry.
Notable people who have had some connection with Tilbury include: two football players, John Evans (1929–2004), who played for Liverpool, and Tom Scannell (1925–1994); Noel Betowski, artist, who was born there in 1952; Thomas Horrocks Openshaw (1856–1929), who was a consultant surgeon at Tilbury Hospital; and actor Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje whose childhood being raised there by foster parents is documented in the movie Farming .
The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.
The racing is believed to have been operational in the 1930s and lasted until 1947, when a betting licence had been granted.
A later venue called the Tilbury Stadium on land at the end of Dunlop Road also hosted greyhounds between 1964 and 1967.
The city officially divides it into two neighborhoods, Squirrel Hill North and Squirrel Hill South, but it is almost universally treated as a single neighborhood.
Squirrel Hill North has five borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Shadyside to the north, Point Breeze to the east, Squirrel Hill South to the south, Central Oakland to the southwest and North Oakland to the west.
Squirrel Hill South has nine land borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Squirrel Hill North to the north and northwest, Point Breeze to the northeast, Regent Square to the east, Swisshelm Park to the southeast, Glen Hazel and Hazelwood to the south-southwest, Greenfield to the southwest, and South Oakland and Central Oakland to the west.
Squirrel Hill South has a population of 15,110, up 4% since 2000, of whom 82% are White, 11% are Asian, 3% are Hispanic, and 3% are Black.
According to a 2002 study by the United Jewish Federation, 33% of the Jewish population of Greater Pittsburgh lives in Squirrel Hill, and another 14% lives in the surrounding neighborhoods.
In the October 17, 2019 issue of Pittsburgh Magazine, the area is also becoming Pittsburgh’s new Chinatown with an influx of mainland Chinese students from Carnegie Mellon University.
The first recorded house was built in 1760 by a soldier at nearby Fort Pitt, Colonel James Burd, at a place called Summerset on the Monongahela River.
This house is still standing and is located in what is now Schenley Park along Overlook Drive (near the ice skating rink).
He later established the Turner cemetery in 1838 inside his estate, which he donated to the local community when he died in 1840.
The third house in Squirrel Hill, Neill Log House, was built by Robert Neill around 1787, also in what is now Schenley Park.
For a time, the house was rented out by the city to vacationers, but by 1969, the house was in such poor condition that it was dismantled and rebuilt by the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation.
The cottage was built by the industrialist and civic leader Thomas M. Howe, a bank president and member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1851 to 1855.
Though neglected for many years and almost torn down, Willow Cottage has recently undergone a $2.2 million restoration and renovation into a Chatham University gatehouse and guesthouse.
On December 24, 1860, protests broke out in the streets of Squirrel Hill after news arrived that the U.S. Secretary of War, John B. Floyd had ordered 124 cannons to be shipped from Allegheny Arsenal to two forts under construction in Louisiana and Texas.
The inhabitants of Pittsburgh predicted that these weapons would be used against them if the South seceded, and this did indeed happen at Fort Sumter.
Following the Civil War, several of Pittsburgh's richest families built multiple houses in the Woodland Road area between Fifth and Wilkins Avenues.
In 1869, the clubhouse of the Pittsburgh Golf Club was built at the new Schenley Park Golf Course (The present building by Alden and Harlow was constructed in 1900).
Over the course of the 19th century, the focus of Squirrel Hill shifted from its riverfront at the Monongahela River to the area closest to Oakland and Shadyside.
Ebdy's orchard was located near Shady Avenue and Murdoch's farm, known for its flowers, fruit trees, and vegetable trees was located on the hill above Oakland.
By the late 1800s, the building of trolley lines caused a migration of wealthy executives outwards toward country estates and workers inward toward trolley lines.
The trolley line facilitated the building of hundreds of houses for the middle management of local factories, especially on Shady and Denniston Avenues near Aylesboro.
Murray Avenue carried three Pittsburgh Railways trolley lines (#69 Squirrel Hill, #60 East Liberty-Homestead and #68 Homestead-Duquesne-Kennywood-McKeesport) until 1958 when the trolleys were replaced by buses.
Squirrel Hill grew even more with the opening of the Boulevard of the Allies in 1927, providing a direct link to downtown Pittsburgh.
In addition to the many retail businesses in the neighborhood, there are a number of longtime, non-profit organizations, including a branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, the Jewish Community Center of Greater Pittsburgh, the Jewish Family & Children's Service of Pittsburgh, the Children's Institute of Pittsburgh, and the Squirrel Hill Urban Coalition.
In 1889, Schenley Park was established on land donated from Mary Schenley, whose grandfather had been the owner of considerable amounts of land in the area.
When Henry Clay Frick died in 1919, he bequeathed of undeveloped land to the City of Pittsburgh for use as a public park.
Between 1919 and 1942, money from the trust fund was used to enlarge the park, increasing its size to almost .
In February 2004, Frick Park grew with the addition of the Nine Mile Run stream restoration area which flows to the Monongahela River.
The United States Army Corps of Engineers managed the restoration funded with $5 million in federal money and $2.7 million raised by the city.
The origins of Squirrel Hill's Jewish community dates from the 1920s when Eastern European Jews began to move to the neighborhood in large numbers from Oakland and the Hill District.
Many of them took up residence in rows of brick houses on the cross streets of Murray Avenue south of Forbes, such as Darlington Road, Bartlett Street, and Beacon Street.
The neighborhood became the center of Jewish culture in the city, with kosher butcher shops, delicatessens, Jewish restaurants, bookstores, and designer boutiques.
A 2017 study of the Greater Pittsburgh Jewish community, conducted by researchers at Brandeis University and commissioned by the local Jewish Federation, found that 26% of Pittsburgh-area Jews live in Squirrel Hill, 20% live in South Hills, 9% live in North Hills, 31% live in other areas of Pittsburgh, and 14% live in other areas of the region.
Although Squirrel Hill remains the traditional center of Jewish life in the region, the study found a shift to more suburban areas.
The study also found an increase in the population of Jews who identify as Orthodox or secular, and a decrease in the number of Jews who identify as Conservative and Reform denominations.
All of Squirrel Hill, as well as much of the neighboring neighborhoods of Greenfield and Regent Square, is within an eruv, a symbolic enclosure that allows Orthodox Jews to push or carry items on Shabbat (the Jewish sabbath, in which no work is traditionally done).
Squirrel Hill contains three Jewish day schools: two are affiliated with the Chabad and Modern Orthodox movements, respectively, while Community Day School is a co-ed, independent Jewish day school in the neighborhood that attracts families across the wide spectrum of Jewish belief and practice.
On April 17, 1986, Neal Rosenblum, a 24-year-old rabbinical student visiting from Toronto, was shot and killed near his in-laws' house in Squirrel Hill.
A suspect, 45-year-old Steven M. Tielsch, was arrested in 2000 after bragging to a fellow prison inmate that he had killed a Jew.
Tielsch's first three trials ended in a deadlocked jury; he was convicted of third-degree murder in a fourth trial in 2002.
On October 27, 2018, a gunman entered the Tree of Life – Or L'Simcha synagogue during Shabbat morning services and opened fire, killing 11 Jews and injuring 6, including 4 police officers.
The Free Public School Act of 1834 ordered school districts not only to establish free schools but also to establish them in townships outside city limits.
John Turner, who never learned to read or write but became a wealthy landowner, left land and money to the community to build a school when he died in 1844 at the age of 83.
It was replaced by John Minadeo Elementary School, named for a ninth-grade school crossing guard who gave his life to save a group of young students in the path of a runaway car near Gladstone School.
After Peebles Township was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1868, Squirrel Hill became the Colfax School District, named for Schuyler Colfax, who was Vice President of the United States under President Ulysses S. Grant.
3, on Forward Avenue, became Forward Avenue School and was named after Walter Forward, who was appointed U.S. Secretary of the Treasury by President John Tyler.
The school was torn down in 1923, but its retaining wall still exists under the Parkway East bridge over Saline Street.
5, at Solway and Wightman streets, became Wightman School and was named for Thomas Wightman, owner of the Thomas Wightman Glass Company.
Wightman operated as a school from 1897 to 1980 and since then has been used as a community center building and the home of Carriage House Children's Center.
The building underwent extensive restoration and remodeling to make it one of only two older buildings in Western Pennsylvania to have LEED Gold certification.
It was named for the president of the National Tube Company, who was also a member of the Pittsburgh Public Schools Board of Education, which was created in 1911 and given jurisdiction over all the public schools in the city, including those in Squirrel Hill.
Some private schools located in Squirrel Hill are St. Edmund's Academy, a private nonsectarian (formerly Episcopal) elementary school; Community Day School, a co-ed, independent Jewish day school for students ages 3 to grade 8; Hillel Academy of Pittsburgh; and Yeshiva Schools of Pittsburgh.
The neighborhood is represented on Pittsburgh City Council by Corey O'Connor (District 5, Squirrel Hill South) and Erika Strassburger (District 8, Squirrel Hill North).
Dates shown are of nomination or installation; coloured rows indicate Princes of Wales, Royal Knights & Ladies and Stranger Knights & Ladies, none of whom counts toward the 24-member limit.
The difference between hematochezia and rectorrhagia is that, in the latter, rectal bleeding is not associated with defecation; instead, it is associated with expulsion of fresh bright red blood without stools.
Hematochezia from upper gastrointestinal, small bowel, or colonic sources can present with moderate to large volume bleeding, whereas patients with rectal or anal outlet bleeding usually present with ‘drops’ or ‘streaks’ on the stool or toilet paper.
In adults, most common causes are hemorrhoids and diverticulosis, both of which are relatively benign; however, it can also be caused by colorectal cancer, which is potentially fatal.
In a newborn infant, haematochezia may be the result of swallowed maternal blood at the time of delivery, but can also be an initial symptom of necrotizing enterocolitis, a serious condition affecting premature infants.
In adolescents and young adults, inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis, is a serious cause of hematochezia that must be considered and excluded.
Haematochezia from an upper gastrointestinal source is an ominous sign, as it suggests a very significant bleed which is more likely to be life-threatening.
Eating beetroot can cause harmless red-colored feces (beeturia) because of insufficient metabolism of a red pigment, and is a differential sign that may be mistaken as hematochezia.
Consumption of dragon fruit (pitaya) or blackberries may also cause red or black discoloration of the stool and sometimes the urine (pseudohematuria).
Hematochezia is a common clinical presentation, reported in up to 15% of adults in the primary care setting, and estimated to be responsible for an annual hospitalization rate of 21 per 100000.
Tilbury Fort, also known historically as the Thermitage Bulwark and the West Tilbury Blockhouse, is an artillery fort on the north bank of the River Thames in England.
The earliest version of the fort, comprising a small blockhouse with artillery covering the river, was constructed by King Henry VIII to protect London against attack from France as part of his Device programme.
It was reinforced during the 1588 Spanish Armada invasion scare, after which it was reinforced with earthwork bastion, and Parliamentary forces used it to help secure the capital during the English Civil War of the 1640s.
Following naval raids during the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the fort was enlarged by Sir Bernard de Gomme from 1670 onwards to form a star-shaped defensive work, with angular bastions, water-filled moats and two lines of guns facing onto the river.
In addition to protecting the Thames, in the 18th century Tilbury also began to be used a transit depot and for storing gunpowder.
It continued to be essential for the defence of the capital and a new artillery battery was added in the south-east corner during the Napoleonic Wars.
It was redeveloped to hold heavy artillery after 1868, providing a second-line of defence along the river, but further changes in technology meant that it had become obsolete by the end of the century.
Instead Tilbury became a strategic depot, forming a logistical hub for storing and moving troops and materiel throughout the First World War.
Many of the more modern military features were demolished during the 1950s, with further restoration work taking place during the 1970s ahead of the site opening to the public in 1983.
The first permanent fortification at Tilbury in Essex was built as a consequence of international tensions between England, France and the Holy Roman Empire in the final years of the reign of King Henry VIII.
Traditionally the Crown had left coastal defences to the local lords and communities, only taking a modest role in building and maintaining fortifications, and while France and the Empire remained in conflict with one another, maritime raids were common but an actual invasion of England seemed unlikely.
Basic defences, based around simple blockhouses and towers, existed in the south-west and along the Sussex coast, with a few more impressive works in the north of England, but in general the fortifications were very limited in scale.
In 1533, Henry broke with Pope Paul III in order to annul the long-standing marriage to his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and remarry.
This resulted in France and the Empire declaring an alliance against Henry in 1538, and the Pope encouraging the two countries to attack England.
The River Thames was strategically important, as the city of London and the newly constructed royal dockyards of Deptford and Woolwich were vulnerable to seaborne attacks arriving up the estuary, which was a major maritime route, carrying 80 percent of England's exports.
This was also the first point that an invasion force would be able to easily disembark along the Thames, as before this point the mudflats along the sides of the estuary would have made landings difficult.
Temporary defences had been constructed at Tilbury as early as the 14th and 15th centuries, although little is known about their design.
Under the King's new programme of work, the Thames was protected with a mutually reinforcing network of blockhouses at Gravesend, Milton, and Higham on the south side of the river, and West and East Tilbury on the opposite bank.
It was designed by James Nedeham and Christopher Morice, supported by three overseers; prior to the work, the estimated cost had been given as £211, allowing for stone, timber, 150,000 bricks and of chalk.
The D-shaped blockhouse was curved at the front, with two storeys of gun-ports, and probably had additional gun platforms stretching along the river on either side of it; ancillary buildings were placed at the rear and the whole site was protected by a rampart and a ditch, with extensive marshlands and creeks giving additional protection to the east.
It was initially commanded by Captain Francis Grant and his deputy, and garrisoned with a porter, two soldiers and four gunners, equipped with up to five artillery pieces including a demi-cannon and sakers.
The invasion threat passed and in 1553 all of the blockhouses were ordered to return their guns; Milton and Higham were demolished.
An army was mobilised to protect the mouth of the estuary and emergency improvements to the fortifications at Tilbury Blockhouse were made by Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester.
Queen Elizabeth I visited the fort by barge on 8 August 1588 and rode in procession to the nearby army camp, where she gave a speech to the assembled forces.
Fears of invasion continued even after the defeat of the Armada, and over the course of the next year the Italian engineer, Federigo Giambelli, reinforced the blockhouse with probably two concentric earthwork ramparts, with ditches and a palisade.
In the early 1600s, England was at peace with France and Spain and as a result the coastal defences received little attention; surveys reported multiple problems with Tilbury Fort including flooding caused by the estuary tides, and ferry passengers and animals making their way uninvited into the fort.
Tilbury was controlled by Parliament, who placed the Tilbury and Gravesend forts under the command of a military governor, using them to control traffic entering London and to search for spies; it saw no military action during the war.
After Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, he began a wide-ranging programme of work on the coastal defences.
The Dutch fleet then attacked up the Thames in June 1667, but were deterred from going further for fear of the Tilbury and Gravesend fortifications.
In reality, the forts were poorly prepared to resist a Dutch attack; at Tilbury there were only two guns ready for action.
The Dutch struck the English fleet at Medway instead, giving enough time for the government to improve the defences along the Thames and mount 80 guns on the forts.
In the wake of the conflict, the King instructed his Chief Engineer, a Dutchman called Sir Bernard de Gomme, to develop Tilbury Fort's defences further.
De Gomme prepared several plans for the King in 1665; a further iteration of the designs was submitted in 1670 and given royal approval.
The work was carried out by skilled contractors, who were supplemented by large teams of pressed men brought in from across the region; during 1671, up to 256 workers were employed on the site.
Around 3,000 timber piles had to be brought from Norway for the project in 1671 to support the foundations in the marshy ground.
The resources needed for the King's multiple defence projects became stretched, and one of the planned bastions at Tilbury, originally planned to face the river, was cancelled in 1681, in part to save money.
The result was a large, five-sided, star-shaped fort with four angular bastions, revetted in brick, with an outer curtain of defences, including two moats and a redoubt; two new gatehouses defended the entrance from the north.
The interior of the fort was raised up above the level of the marshes to prevent flooding, and barracks and other buildings were constructed inside.
The number of artillery guns varied; in 1715 there were 17 demi-cannon and 26 culverins mounted on the west gun platform, and 31 demi-cannons and one culverin on the east; the following year there were reported to be 161 guns in total at the fort, although 92 of these were in poor repair and inoperable.
From 1716 onwards, the Board of Ordnance began to use it as a gunpowder depot; there were safety restrictions on moving gunpowder in and out of the London docks, so Tilbury was used instead.
Two large magazines were built, able to hold 3,600 barrels of powder each, and the old blockhouse and other buildings were converted to act as further magazines.
It was also used as a transit depot for soldiers and, after the Jacobite rising of 1745, as a prison to hold 268 Highlander prisoners of war.
The Jacobite prisoners were kept in the gunpowder magazines and 45 died from typhus before they were sent on to London for trial.
A trader called a sutler built a house inside the southern entrance, growing vegetables within the south-west bastion and enjoying an effective monopoly on selling food to the soldiers.
New barracks for the officers and enlisted men were rebuilt in 1772, but the officers often preferred to live across the river in the more urban setting of Gravesend, near the military headquarters there.
A cricket match in 1776 between men from the Kentish and Essex sides of the Thames reportedly ended in bloodshed when guns were seized from the guardroom; newspapers recounted how an Essex man and a sergeant were shot dead, and a soldier was bayonetted, before both sides fled the scene.
It is uncertain how accurate the newspaper account was, although the historians Andrew Saunders and Charles Kightly give it some credence.
In 1780, the Army carried out a practice attack on the fort with 5,000 soldiers, but there were less than 60 guns left at the fort and many of these were in poor condition.
As a consequence, a new battery was built in the south-east corner of the defences, armed with 32-pounders (14.5 kg) pointing down-river, and a new battery, New Tavern Fort, was built along the river to the east.
Tilbury continued to be an essential part of the capital's defences because of its control of the crossing point on the Thames, and the guns were upgraded with new traversing platforms; the Gravesend Volunteer Artillery was formed to man the forts on both sides of the river.
During the invasion scare of 1803, the Royal Trinity House Volunteer Artillery manned ten armed hulks placed across the river as a barrier at Tilbury.
The size of the garrison varied during the first half of the century, but in 1830 the fort had space for 15 officers and 150 enlisted men.
Despite the construction of a new range of facilities in 1809, the living conditions of the soldiers remained poor, with four men sharing each of the two-bed rooms in the barracks, and no running water on the site.
Nationwide investigations into the standard of Army barracks during 1857 led to investment in better facilities at Tilbury; piped water was run into the site in 1877, and improved amenities and sanitation were installed after 1880.
By the 1850s, the advent of steam ships meant that enemy vessels could sail up the Thames far more quickly than before, reducing the time available for forts to intercept them.
Rifled guns and turret-mounted weapons and new armour-plating meant that enemy warships could fire on forts such as Tilbury from downstream more easily while being protected from their guns.
Fears of an potential invasion by Napoleon III of France led to the establishment Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom in 1859.
The Commission reported the following year and recommended that new, more powerful forts be built further downstream, with defences such as Tilbury Fort forming a second-line of defence.
Work began on strengthening Tilbury in 1868, under the direction of the then Captain Charles Gordon, focusing on adding heavier gun positions able to fire upstream to support the new forts.
The west, north-east and east bastions and the south-east curtain wall were altered to house thirteen rifled muzzle-loading guns, protected by brick walls, earthworks and iron shields.
Initially 7-ton, 7-inch (7,112 kg, 17 cm) guns were deployed but these were upgraded to 9-inch (22 cm) weapons by 1888, supported by a heavier 25-ton, 11-inch (25,401 kg, 27 cm) gun.
The government considered the defences further down the Thames to be sufficient and Tilbury was therefore not improved; it was largely redundant as a defensive fortification by the end of the century, although still in use as a strategic depot.
From 1889 onwards it formed a mobilisation centre to support a mobile strike force in the event of an invasion, part of the wider London Defence Scheme, and large storage buildings were built across the site to store materiel.
Fresh concerns grew that the Thames might be vulnerable to attack from torpedo boats and armoured cruisers, and in 1903 four quick-firing 12-pounder, 12 cwt (5.4 kg, 50.8 kg) guns were positioned on Tilbury's south-east curtain wall, supplemented in 1904 by two 6-inch (15 cm) breech loading guns.
In 1905, however, the government decided that the Royal Navy and the forts downstream gave sufficient protection for the capital and removed the artillery, leaving only machine-guns in place.
Tilbury continued to function as a mobilisation store and, after the outbreak of the First World War, it was used to house up to 300 transit soldiers and to supply the new army camps established at Purfleet and Belhus Mansion.
It was initially manned by the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers until 1916, and by various reserve units for the rest of the war.
The fort itself was used to store munitions while a depot for remounts was built just to the west; a pontoon bridge was built across the Thames for troop movements, guarded by the fort's guns.
Electric lighting was installed, and a narrow-gauge railway and a steam crane on the quay were added to help to move material in and out of the fort.
During the inter-war years, the government concluded that the fort was no longer militarily useful and there were unsuccessful attempts to sell it off for development.
During the Second World War, the fort initially housed an improvised anti-aircraft operations room, controlling the defences of the Thames and Medway (North) Gun Zone between 1939 and 1940.
The enlisted barracks and the facilities block, as well as probably the sutler's house, were bombed and damaged, being demolished after the war.
The fort was transferred out of military use relatively early in the post-war period, and in 1950 the Ministry of Works took over the site.
In the 21st century, the fort is controlled by English Heritage and operated as a tourist attraction, receiving 16,154 visitors in 2014.
The site is protected under UK law as a scheduled ancient monument, with the officers' barracks a grade II* listed building.
Tilbury Fort remains largely unaltered from its reconstruction in the late 17th century under the direction of Sir Bernard de Gomme, with some 19th century additions.
It was designed in a predominantly Dutch style, with a ring of outer and inner defences intended to allow the fort to attack hostile warships, while being protected from attack from the land.
The outer defences comprise outer and inner water-filled moats, fed by the Thames and separated by a ring of defensive ramparts.
The inner moat is wide but relatively shallow and the banks have been repeatedly strengthened with piles to protect them from erosion.
The fort is entered from the north through a triangular defensive work known as a redan, with a redoubt to defend the entrance.
A causeway links the redan to the outer defences, which form a complex pattern of ramparts, protecting a covered way stretching around the defensive line.
There are bastions on the north-west and north-east corners, and two triangular spurs, originally equipped with cannons, project from the defences on the west and east sides, with assembly points for infantry soldiers on the inside.
A replica wooden bridge runs from the outer defences over the water to an island called a ravelin, which is in turn linked to the inner defences by another replica bridge, protected with two drawbridges.
The ravelin formed a physical barrier to incoming artillery fire aimed at the entrance to the inner defences and could also have directed fire against enemy forces that breached the outer defensive line.
These were built in the 18th century and have been subject to considerable erosion and silting; 12 of the original 14 gun positions on the West Line remain but only one of the East Line has survived.
In between the lines is a quay, designed to allow the delivery of supplies from the Thames, and the remains of the tracks from the narrow gauge railway built during the First World War.
A sluice gate in the south-west corner managed the water in the moats, and allowed them to be drained completely should the surfaces begin to freeze over in winter and provide an advantage to any attackers.
This two-storeyed gatehouse dates from the late 17th century with a monumental stone facade featuring carved displays of classical and 17th-century weapons; when first built, the now-empty niche at the front probably held a statue of King Charles II.
The central parade ground was raised to its current height in the 17th and 19th centuries using chalk and dirt, and by the early 20th century much of it was occupied by four large warehouses, since destroyed.
Moving east from the Water Gate, the south-eastern curtain defences and the south-east bastion were rebuilt at the start of the 20th century to hold emplacements for four quick-firing guns and two 6-inch (15 cm) guns, with tunnels linking to an underground magazine.
Facing the parade ground are the officers' quarters, a terrace of houses probably dating in its current form to the late 18th century, with a stables at the northern end, originally used to hold the commandant's horses.
The north-east bastion was redesigned after 1868 and contains an earth-covered magazine, as well as emplacements for 9-inch (22 cm) rifled muzzle loading guns.
These were specially designed to avoid the use of iron, which might have generated sparks and set off an explosion, instead being built using wood and copper; they are the only remaining examples of their type in Britain.
The Landport Gate lies behind the magazines, and has a gatehouse, called the Dead House, above the passageway leading into the interior of the fort.
Past the north-west bastion, the soldiers' barracks would have stood opposite those of the officers', but was destroyed after the war and only the foundations of the building remain.
Just to the west of the Water Gate is the fort's guardhouse and chapel, dating from the late 17th century and one of the oldest surviving places of worship within a British artillery fortress.
Banks is a member of the International Parliament of Writers and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
He moved back to New England in 1964 and then to North Carolina, where he attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, funded by the family of his second wife, Mary Gunst.
His stories often show people facing tragedy and downturns in everyday life, expressing sadness and self-doubt, but also showing resilience and strength in the face of their difficulties.
His father, Herbert, was a dyer and then retrained as a cobbler after being wounded during World War I and he died when Lockwood was 10.
Lockwood argued that the class position of any occupation can be most successfully located by distinguishing between the material rewards gained from the market and work situations, and those symbolic rewards deriving from its status situation.
His work became a very important contribution to the 'proletarianisation' debate which argued that many white-collar workers were beginning to identify with manual workers by identifying their work situation as having much in common with the proletariat.
The main functions of a dharmapāla are said to be to avert the inner and outer obstacles that prevent spiritual practitioners from attaining spiritual realizations, as well as to foster the necessary conditions for their practice.
In Tibetan Buddhism, there are two other classes of defender, the lokapālas and s. Papiya, Guan Yu and Hachiman are also known as defenders.
The Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting was presented from 1991 to 2006 for a distinguished example of beat reporting characterized by sustained and knowledgeable coverage of a particular subject or activity.
Kamehameha Schools, formerly called Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estate (KSBE), is a private school system in Hawaii established by the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate, under the terms of the will of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, who was a formal member of the House of Kamehameha.
It was developed at the bequest of Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop to educate children of Hawaiian descent, and is designed to serve students from preschool through twelfth grade.
The school teaches in the English language a college-prep education enhanced by Hawaiian culture, language and practices, imparting historical and practical value of continuing Hawaiian traditions.
A lawsuit challenging the school's admission policy resulted in a narrow victory for Kamehameha in the Ninth Circuit Court; however, Kamehameha ultimately settled, paying the plaintiff $7 million.
As of the 2011–12 school year, Kamehameha had an enrollment of 5,398 students at its three main campuses and 1,317 children at its preschools, for a total enrollment of 5,416.
Beyond its campuses, Kamehameha served an estimated 46,923 Hawaiians in 2011 through its support for public schools, charter schools, and families and caregivers throughout Hawaii.
In 1883, Bernice Pauahi Bishop, a member of the Hawaiian Royal Family, directed in her will, after naming heirs for gifts of money and land, that the remainder of her estate be held in trust to create the Kamehameha Schools.
A majority of the Bishop estate was inherited from her parent and her cousin Ruth Keelikōlani, who in turn had inherited a substantial amount from her first husband Leleiohoku I and her half-siblings Victoria Kamāmalu and Kamehameha V, all who were given substantial amounts of land in the Great Mahele of 1848 which had divided the land of the kingdom amongst the King, the ali'i and the common people.
She was well aware that education was key to the survival of her people and culture; therefore, she left 375,000 acres of ancestral land, entrusting her trustees to use this gift to educate her people.
She also directed the Hawaii (Kingdom) Supreme Court to appoint replacement trustees and required that all teachers be Protestant, without regard to denomination.
Reverend William Brewster Oleson (1851–1915), former principal of the Hilo boarding school founded by David Belden Lyman in 1836, helped organize the schools on a similar model of European-American education.
The original Kamehameha School for Boys opened in 1887; after it moved to a new campus, that site was later taken over by the Bishop Museum.
The schools became co-ed in 1965 In 1996, the school opened a campus on Maui, followed in 2001 by the campus on Hawaii.
In 1991, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) brought suit against Kamehameha Schools alleging that its requirement that all teachers be Protestant was religious discrimination in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The United States District Court for the District of Hawaii found in the School's favor, ruling that the religious education exemption, the religious curriculum exemption, and the bona fide occupational qualification exemption were each applicable to Kamehameha Schools.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the decision of the District Court, holding that none of the exemptions to the Civil Rights Act was applicable since the School was essentially a secular and not primarily a religious institution despite certain historical traditions including Protestantism.
As a result, the requirement that all teachers be Protestant was held to be a violation of the Civil Rights Act.
After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 and the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii by the United States, the Territorial and State Supreme Court assumed that responsibility.
At that time, critics alleged that the trustees were micromanaging the schools and that they had vastly over-rewarded themselves in their pay.
On August 9, 1997, University of Hawaii (UH) Board of Regents Chair (and former Kamehameha Schools Principal) Gladys Brandt, retired judge Walter Heen, Msgr.
Another essay appeared in November, with Brandt, UH Professor Isabella Abbott, respected Hawaiian cultural educator Winona Beamer, and others as authors.
The investigation continued through 1998, when Attorney General Bronster sought the permanent removal of Lindsey and fellow trustees Richard Wong and Henry Peters.
However, the investigation proved costly for Bronster, whose confirmation was defeated by the Hawaii State Senate on April 28, 1999 by a vote of 14-11.
The US Internal Revenue Service retroactively revoked Bishop Estate's tax exempt status because of the trustees' breach of duties and unlawful use of tax exempt charitable trust assets for political lobbying.
Wong offered his permanent resignation on December 3, 1999; Peters did the same on December 13; and Lindsey voluntarily resigned on December 17.
Although new Bishop Estate trustees were appointed, they had continued to use the same attorneys and law firms as their predecessors.
Deputy attorneys general advised the replacement trustees that these attorneys and law firms either had provided flawed legal advice to the previous trustees, or stood by silently while the trustees had ignored good advice.
In 2002, the Hawaii Supreme Court threw out the criminal indictments against three Bishop Estate trustees on procedural grounds and ruled no new charges could be brought.
In 2009, after a large decline in the endowment, trustee compensation ranged from $97,500 to $125,000 per year, and trustees turned down any pay increases.
The main campus, established in 1887 as the Kamehameha Schools for Boys, occupies on Kapālama Heights in Honolulu and served 3,200 students, including 550 boarding students from neighbor islands.
In 2010, Kamehameha undertook a $118.5 million construction project featuring a brand-new middle school, a Hawaiian cultural center, a new athletics building, and a parking structure.
When compared against the endowments of major U.S. colleges and universities, only six schools (Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Texas System, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology), each with much higher enrollments, have higher endowments than Kamehameha Schools.
Commercial properties operating on Kamehameha Schools land include shopping centers, such as Windward Mall, Pearlridge, Kahala Mall, and Royal Hawaiian Center; and hotels, such as the Kahala Hotel & Resort, the Four Seasons Resort Hualālai, and the Royal Hawaiian Hotel.
Kamehameha is also redeveloping several of its urban real estate properties in Haleiwa, Kāhala, Kakaako, Kapālama, and Mōʻiliʻili to revitalize those areas and increase commercial revenue.
On October 22, 2013, Kamehameha Schools announced that it would sell the buildings of its largest single real estate property (in terms of value), the Royal Hawaiian Center.
Acceptance rates at the Maui and Hawaii campuses are generally higher, ranging from approximately 9.2% to 24%, due to those islands' smaller populations and the lack of boarding students at those facilities.
Kamehameha's admissions policy was the focus of two federal lawsuits, which contended that preferring Native Hawaiians is a race-based exclusion that violates U.S. civil rights law.
The case was settled out-of-court in November 2003, when Kamehameha Schools agreed to let Mohica-Cummings attend, in exchange for dropping the lawsuit.
In June 2003 a suit was filed on behalf of an unidentified non-Hawaiian student, claiming that preferring Hawaiian applicants violates provisions of the Civil Rights Act that prohibits racial discrimination in private contracts.
In August 2005, however, a three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit of Appeals reversed 2–1, and ruled that the policy was racially exclusionary.
A protest march by native Hawaiians, including Hawaii's governor and lieutenant governor, to Iolani Palace and a rally on the palace grounds attracted an estimated 10–15,000 participants.
The majority ruled that Kamehameha's policy does not run afoul of a civil rights law, citing what it said were unique factors in the history of Hawaii, the socioeconomic plight of Native Hawaiians, and the schools' distinctively remedial mission, which Congress has repeatedly endorsed.
Both this settlement and the Ninth Circuit's decision prompted a procession at the Kapalama High School, leading to an all-school assembly.
On the same day, John Doe's attorneys, Eric Grant and David Rosen, filed another lawsuit against Kamehameha on behalf of four non-Hawaiian children who wanted to attend the school.
The campuses offer academies for arts and communication, business and leadership, engineering and design, health and wellness, and science and natural resources.
Students in the 2010 graduating class of the Kapālama campus had an average composite SAT score of 1560 out of 2400.
The Kapālama high school offers a six-year program in Hawaiian language and requires its students to achieve Hawaiian language proficiency equivalent to one year of study.
Kamehameha offers several distance learning programs for high school students, adults, and educators to learn Hawaiian language and culture over the Internet.
As a part of its 2000-2015 Strategic Plan, generated by wide community input, Kamehameha Schools partners with more than 20 community-based organizations across the archipelago through its Aina Ulu program to deliver natural and cultural resource stewardship education programs and services to over 25,000 participants annually.
Aina Ulu provides an asset-management strategy by integrating community, education, cultural, environmental and economic outcomes to manage resources and lands to enhance prudent and sustainable use, responsible stewardship and supportive community relationships.
By engaging community volunteers and expertise, Aina Ulu partners manage, protect and restore native watershed, dryland and rain forests; riparian, coastal, and estuarine ecosystems, including Hawaiian fishponds; and Hawaiian food systems, including dry field systems, as well as wet field systems call loi.
Along with the Ke Alii Pauahi Foundation, Kamehameha offers a variety of need- and merit-based scholarships for those pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate education.
Its career counseling program provides advice and counseling for post-high school students and operates an internship program for various companies statewide.
The Kamehameha Schools Song Contest is an annual choral competition in which groups of students of the Kapālama campus perform Hawaiian mele.
According to the 2008 program, the goals of the contest are to develop leadership and foster cooperation and class spirit among the students as well as well as to increase student awareness of their cultural heritage by allowing them to use their singing voices to express themselves.
The event was originally held on campus, but moved to the moved to the Neal Blaisdell Center (formerly the Honolulu International Auditorium) in 1964 where it has been held ever since.
Microsoft XNA (a recursive acronym for XNA's not acronymed) is a freeware set of tools with a managed runtime environment provided by Microsoft that facilitates video game development and management.
XNA content is built with the XNA Game Studio, and played using the XNA Framework (for Windows games), or published as native executables (for Xbox 360, Windows Phone and Zune).
An open source cross platform version of the Microsoft XNA 4 Application programming interface called MonoGame is being developed, and a crossplatform reimplementation of the XNA API called FNA exists as well.
Microsoft XNA Framework is based on the native implementation of .NET Compact Framework 2.0 for Xbox 360 development and .NET Framework 2.0 on Windows.
The framework runs on a version of the Common Language Runtime that is optimized for gaming to provide a managed execution environment.
Since XNA games are written for the runtime, they can run on any platform that supports the XNA Framework with minimal or no modification.
Games that run on the framework can technically be written in any .NET-compliant language, but only C# in XNA Game Studio Express IDE and all versions of Visual Studio 2008 and 2010 (as of XNA 4.0) are officially supported.
The XNA Framework encapsulates low-level technological details involved in coding a game, making sure that the framework itself takes care of the difference between platforms when games are ported from one compatible platform to another, and thereby allowing game developers to focus more on the content and gaming experience.
The XNA Framework integrates with a number of tools, such as the Cross-platform Audio Creation Tool (XACT), to aid in content creation.
The XNA Framework provides support for both 2D and 3D game creation and allows use of the Xbox 360 controllers and vibrations.
XNA framework games that target the Xbox 360 platform could only be distributed by members of the Microsoft XNA Creator's Club/App Hub, which carried a $99/year subscription fee.
The dependency data can be analyzed to help reduce the size of a game by finding content that is not actually used.
XNA Game Studio Express was the first version released on August 30, 2006, and was intended for students, hobbyists, and independent (and homebrew) game developers.
Developers could create Windows games for free with the XNA Framework, but to run their games on the Xbox 360 they will have to pay an annual fee of US$99 (or a four-month fee of US$49) for admission to the Microsoft XNA Creator's Club.
XNA Game Studio 2.0 features the ability to be used with all versions of Visual Studio 2005 (including the free Visual C# 2005 Express Edition), a networking API using Xbox Live on both Windows and Xbox 360 and better device handling.
XNA Game Studio 3.0 (for Visual Studio 2008 or the free Visual C# 2008 Express Edition) allows production of games targeting the Zune platform and adds Xbox Live community support.
It added support for the Windows Phone platform (including 3D hardware acceleration), framework hardware profiles, configurable effects, built-in state objects, graphics device scalars and orientation, cross-platform and multi-touch input, microphone input and buffered audio playback, and Visual Studio 2010 integration.
Formerly known as XNA Game Studio Professional, XDK Extensions is an add-on to XNA Game Studio and requires the Microsoft Xbox 360 Development Kit.
The Microsoft XNA Framework 2.0 EULA specifically prohibits the distribution of commercial networked games that connect to Xbox Live and/or Games for Windows Live in the absence of a specific agreement signed by both the developer and Microsoft.
This means that XNA Game Studio can still be used to develop commercial games and other programs for the Windows platform, although Microsoft's networking support code for Xbox/Windows Live cannot be used.
Games created using XNA Game Studio may be distributed via the Windows Phone marketplace, and formerly via Xbox Live Indie Games.
Dream Build Play was an annual and global $75,000 Microsoft contest promoting Microsoft XNA and eventually Xbox Live Indie Games, although it predated it.
Xbox 360 games written in XNA Game Studio could be submitted to the App Hub, for which premium membership was required (about US$99/year).
Microsoft originally planned to take an additional percentage of revenue if they provided additional marketing for a game, but this policy was rescinded in March 2009, leaving the flat rate intact regardless of promotion.
These accounts allowed students to develop games for the Xbox 360, but developers still needed a premium Xbox Live account to submit their game to the marketplace.
From the codebase of Mono.XNA and SilverSprite, a new project called MonoGame was formed to port XNA to several mobile devices.
As of version 3.0.1 (released March 3, 2013), support is stable for iOS, Android including OUYA, macOS, Linux and Metro for Windows 8, Windows RT and Windows Phone 8, as well as PlayStation Mobile in 2D.
A project called ANX is available which implements its own version of XNA using the SharpDX stack, support for Linux, macOS and the PlayStation Vita is in progress as well.
Using ANX, developers are able to write games using code that is very similar to XNA, while still being considered a Metro application in Windows 8.
In someone with a compromised immune system, particularly those with chronic liver disease, it can infect the bloodstream, causing a severe and life-threatening illness characterized by fever and chills, decreased blood pressure (septic shock), and blistering skin lesions.
These same strains however, are shown to have a higher predisposition to shift to the virulent encapsulated form when taken up by oysters.
However, the LPS the bacteria produces isn't as efficient at triggering the immune system's release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and other cytokines that produce shock syndromes.
While the VvhA and MARTX toxin are factors in the bacteria's virulence, in vivo studies in mice suggest that the MARTX toxin is more responsible for bacterial dissemination from the intestine to produce sepsis.
The observed association of the infection with liver disease (associated with increased serum iron) might be due to the capability of more virulent strains to capture iron bound to transferrin.
By encapsulating the bacteria, phagocytosis and opsonization are not able to occur, thus allowing the bacteria to continue throughout the organism it is in.
The optimal treatment is not known, but in one retrospective study of 93 people in Taiwan, use of a third-generation cephalosporin and a tetracycline (e.g., ceftriaxone and doxycycline, respectively) was associated with an improved outcome.
Likewise, the American Medical Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend treating the person with a quinolone or intravenous doxycycline with ceftazidime.
People especially vulnerable are those with liver disease (especially cirrhosis and hepatitis) or immunocompromised states (some kinds of cancer, bone marrow suppression, HIV, diabetes, etc.).
Most deaths at that time were occurring due to fulminant sepsis, either in the area of oyster harvest and ingestion, or in tourists returning home.
Lack of disease recognition, and also of the risk factors, presentation, and cause, were and are major obstacles to good outcome and recovery.
After the successful treatment of the first person, the Florida Department of Health was able to trace the origin of the outbreak to Apalachicola Bay oysters and their harvesting in water prone to excessive growth of the organism.
This contamination was due to warmth of the water and change in freshwater dilution because of a change in flow of the Chattahoochee River into the Apalachicola River, and in turn into Apalachicola Bay.
While looking for an answer to this problem, researchers found that one way to stop the infection from spreading is to again mutate the bacteria.
When injected with flgC and flgE (two genes in the flagella that cause the mutation), the flagellum no longer function properly.
The quark contents of these states are almost all qQ, where q represents a light (up, down or strange) quark, Q represents a heavy (charm or bottom) quark, and antiquarks are denoted with an overline.
The existence and stability of tetraquark states with the qq (or QQ) have been discussed by theoretical physicists for a long time, however these are yet to be reported by experiments.
In 2003 a particle temporarily called X(3872), by the Belle experiment in Japan, was proposed to be a tetraquark candidate, as originally theorized.
In 2010, two physicists from DESY and a physicist from Quaid-i-Azam University re-analyzed former experimental data and announced that, in connection with the (5S) meson (a form of bottomonium), a well-defined tetraquark resonance exists.
In June 2013, the BES III experiment in China and the Belle experiment in Japan independently reported on Z(3900), the first confirmed four-quark state.
In 2014, the Large Hadron Collider experiment LHCb confirmed the existence of the Z(4430) state with a significance of over 13.9 σ.
The Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting has been presented since 1998, for a distinguished example of explanatory reporting that illuminates a significant and complex subject, demonstrating mastery of the subject, lucid writing and clear presentation.
The Pulitzer Prize Board announced the new category in November 1984, citing a series of explanatory articles that seven months earlier had won the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing.
It had been entered in the National Reporting category, but judges moved it to Feature Writing to award it a prize.
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaii State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of O'ahu.
Founded in 1889, it is the largest museum in Hawai'i and has the world's largest collection of Polynesian cultural artifacts and natural history specimens.
Besides the comprehensive exhibits of Hawaiiana, the museum's total holding of natural history specimens exceeds 24 million, of which the entomological collection alone represents more than 13.5 million specimens (making it the third-largest insect collection in the United States).
Charles Reed Bishop (1822–1915), a businessman and philanthropist, co-founder of the First Hawaiian Bank and Kamehameha Schools, built the museum in memory of his late wife, Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop (1831–1884).
Born into the royal family, she was the last legal heir of the Kamehameha Dynasty, which had ruled the Kingdom of Hawaii between 1810 and 1872.
Bishop had originally intended the museum to house family heirlooms passed down to him through the royal lineage of his wife.
Bishop hired William Tufts Brigham as the first curator of the museum; Brigham later served as director from 1898 until his retirement in 1918.
The museum was built on the original boys' campus of Kamehameha Schools, an institution created at the bequest of the Princess, to benefit native Hawaiian children; she gave details in her last will and testament.
Along the walls are prized koa wood display cases; today this wood in total is worth more than the original Bishop Museum buildings.
In 1940, Kamehameha Schools moved to its new campus in Kapālama, allowing the museum to expand at the original campus site.
Dedicated on January 13, 1990, Castle Memorial Building houses all the major traveling exhibits that come to the Bishop Museum from institutions around the world.
The building is designed as a learning center for children, and includes many interactive exhibits focused on marine science, volcanology, and related sciences.
The museum library has one of the most extensive collections of books, periodicals, newspapers and special collections concerned with Hawai'i and the Pacific.
The archives hold the results of extensive studies done by museum staff in the Pacific Basin, as well as manuscripts, photographs, artwork, oral histories, commercial sound recordings and maps.
The book collection consists of approximately 50,000 volumes with an emphasis on the cultural and natural history of Hawai'i and the Pacific, with subject strengths in anthropology, music, botany, entomology, and zoology.
The library provides extra access to the collection of published diaries, narratives, memoirs, and other writings relating to 18th- and 19th-century Hawai'i.
On the campus of Bishop Museum is the Jhamandas Watumull Planetarium, an educational and research facility devoted to the astronomical sciences and the oldest planetarium in Polynesia.
Also on the campus is Pauahi Hall, home to the J. Linsley Gressit Center for Research in Entomology, which houses some 14 million prepared specimens of insects and related arthropods, including over 16,500 primary types.
Nearby is Pākī Hall, home to the Hawaii Sports Hall of Fame, a museum library and archives, which are open to the public.
Built on a former private pier of Honolulu Harbor for the royal family, the center was the premier maritime museum in the Pacific Rim with artifacts in relation to the Pacific whaling industry and the Hawaii steamship industry.
Since 1920, the Secretariat of the Pacific Science Association (PSA), founded that year as an independent regional, non-governmental, scholarly organization, has been based at Bishop Museum.
Under the auspices of the Bishop Museum, a group of Hawaiian scientists joined the ship: Gerrit P. Wilder, botanist; Mrs. Wilder, historian; Kenneth Emory, ethnologist; Dr. Armstrong Sperry, writer and illustrator; and Dr. Stanley Ball.
Bottles, crates, and boxes were stowed below, along with gallons of preservatives for insects and plant specimens for the Bishop Museum.
In early 2007, the ship was closed to public tours for safety reasons and in order to facilitate repairs to the deteriorating tank, which frequently caused the ship to list (tilt) dramatically.
The museum threatened to sink the ship by the end of 2008 unless private funds were raised for a perpetual care endowment.
On September 28, 2008, ownership was transferred to the non-profit group, Friends of Falls of Clyde, which intends to restore the ship.
In October of that same year, the Bishop Museum was criticized for having raised $600,000 to preserve the ship, and spent only about half that on the ship, and that for sandblasting that was determined to damage the integrity of the vessel.
A bagad plays mainly Breton music, but a bagad's music is evolutionary: new forms and musical ideas are experimented with at each annual national competition.
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, spline interpolation is a form of interpolation where the interpolant is a special type of piecewise polynomial called a spline.
Spline interpolation is often preferred over polynomial interpolation because the interpolation error can be made small even when using low degree polynomials for the spline.
Spline interpolation avoids the problem of Runge's phenomenon, in which oscillation can occur between points when interpolating using high degree polynomials.
The approach to mathematically model the shape of such elastic rulers fixed by knots formula_1 is to interpolate between all the pairs of knots formula_2 and formula_3 with polynomials formula_4.
As the spline will take a shape that minimizes the bending (under the constraint of passing through all knots) both formula_7 and formula_8 will be continuous everywhere and at the knots.
The classical approach is to use polynomials of degree 3, called cubic splines, which can achieve the continuity of the first derivative, but not that of second derivative.
Later that night, Gringoire runs into him once again in the Court of Miracles, where Clopin is revealed not as a beggar, but as the King of Truands (the criminals and outcasts of Paris).
In order to rescue her, he rounds all of the Truands to attack Notre Dame Cathedral where Esmeralda is protected by Quasimodo.
Clopin is also present in Disney's 1996 animated film adaptation of the story, in which he is a more jovial and less sinister gypsy than in the novel.
However, he is much darker, in clothing and humor, when Quasimodo and Captain Phoebus arrive in the Court of Miracles, suggesting his personality during the day to have been something of a façade.
However, he shows to have a gentle nature at the end of the film when he picks a little girl up and entertains her with a puppet resembling Judge Claude Frollo.
Clopin wears two main costumes during the film: a jester suit (seen to the right), which he wears at the Festival of Fools; he also wears a similar costume in the catacombs, but it is almost completely purple with no gold trim, no mask, and no bells.
Clopin's age is never estimated, so it is unknown if he was a child or at least old enough to hear about the murder of Quasimodo's mother.
His third appearance is much later in the film, at the Court of Miracles, where a much darker side to his personality is shown.
He prepares to hang them, but Esmeralda arrives in time to stop him and tell the gypsies of their good intentions, explaining how Phoebus rescued the miller and his family from being burned by Frollo and how Quasimodo helped her escape the cathedral.
Phoebus informs the gypsy people to leave, saying that Frollo knows of their hideout, a statement confirmed by Quasimodo, who was told of this by Frollo before.
Realizing this, all the gypsies (including Clopin) agree and prepare to leave Paris, but unfortunately, Frollo arrives just in time to attack the Court of Miracles and Clopin is seen with his people struggling to break free from their bonds to no avail.
When Quasimodo rescues Esmeralda, Phoebus breaks free and rouses the civilians into action, inciting them to release the gypsies and help them protect the cathedral from Frollo's soldiers.
His fifth and final appearance is at the end, where Quasimodo is escorted out from the cathedral to be praised by the people for his actions.
By 1927 it was known as the State Teachers College in Lock Haven and in 1960 the name was changed to Lock Haven State College.
In 1983, the school joined the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and became known as Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania.
Other features include the Hamblin International Hall of Flags Auditorium, a full production television studio and radio station, a Math Lab and tutoring center devoted to remediation and placement testing, and classrooms.
It was originally constructed as a laboratory school but now houses the Computer Science, Accounting and Management Department as well as many computer labs.
The main building, renovated in 1996, was constructed in 1952 and contains laboratories for the natural and earth sciences and classrooms.
A four-million dollar renovation was completed in 2014 to transfer many services to the building such as the ROTC program, the Registrar's Office and Financial Aid, as well as Counseling Services.
Ulmer Hall also houses the executive suite which includes the Office of the President, the Office of the Provost, and the Office of the Vice President for Enrollment Management.
Here student directed one-act plays and other short performances expand the role of the theater department and provide students with additional learning experiences.
In 2004 Lock Haven acquired the old Lock Haven High School, which was no longer used due to the creation of Central Mountain High School.
In April 2010, Lock Haven unveiled its plans to build a 40 million dollar new science center where the old senior high school was located.
Official groundbreaking did not occur until May 4, 2012, this marked the beginning of demolition of the senior high school and construction of the science center.
It consists of expanded labs for all science majors other than computer science, and includes a new class 100000 clean room facility for the rapidly expanded Nanotechnology program, allowing the university to rely less on Penn State's clean rooms.
Nanotechnology research facilities include characterization and synthesis instrumentation including SEM, EDX, Raman, AFM, STM, 4-Point Probe, Profilometer, CVDs, thermal evaporators and sputter deposition systems.
The ribbon cutting ceremony took place on September 12, 2013, and a cornerstone capsule was opened which contained a list of the senior high school staff, the graduates, and a newspaper from 1928.
The previous Junior High School section of the facility now houses the Office of the Chief Operating Officer and Senior VP for Finance and Administration, as well as the University Controller's office, the Human Resources office, the LHU Small Business Development Center, the Office of Workforce Development and Testing Center, the Criminal Justice academic department, and several classrooms.
The previous gymnasium building houses several classrooms, the Nanobites dining facility, and a large gymnasium used for athletic practices and special events.
Plans exist for the gymnasium and supporting space within the building to be constructed into a Wrestling Center showcasing the strong Division I wrestling program, and a $1 million redevelopment capital grant has been approved by the Pennsylvania Governor's office to support that effort.
Russell Hall was originally constructed as a residence hall and was the last single-sex residence hall on campus, housing women only until it was renovated to house administrative offices.
It has been recently demolished and replaced by a green space which is part of the University Commons encompassing the space that previously also included Sullivan Hall.
All classrooms, dormitories, the dining room, the library, and the auxiliary rooms were housed in the original Sullivan Hall, located approximately where North Hall stands.
For the next 16 years, the library needs were met by reading rooms provided by two campus literary societies, The Price Literary Society and the Shakespeare Society.
The library offers internet database services that gives the university access to full text magazine and newspaper articles, DVDs, books, and an array of information.
The studio is on the sixth floor of Robinson Hall and is equipped with a green screen, at least three main broadcast cameras, an integrated TriCaster 8000 production system for audio and video production, several broadcast monitors, a roll-in system, and many other broadcast systems.
An online radio station, which streams live on the internet, is located in the same facility as its new and improved television studio, allowing easy access between the two stations.
WLHU has a free format program schedule using a studio which broadcasts daily, as well as broadcasting many sporting events and other programs throughout the school year.
The Student Activities Office is composed of professional staff (employed by the Student Auxiliary Services) who are responsible for seeing that the day-to-day functions for the organization.
The music program at Lock Haven offers several extracurricular activities for students to participate in including but not limited to marching band, concert band, percussion ensemble, choral ensembles and jazz ensembles.
The SRC contains an inventory of equipment that includes a rock wall, an indoor track that's 1/8 of a mile long, basketball, racquetball, and intramural sports.
It weighs more than and can be played manually or by an automatic system that can produce 500 songs from memory.
Most production aircraft were constructed under contract by various private companies, both established aircraft manufacturers and firms that had not previously built aircraft.
Early versions of the B.E.2 entered squadron service with the Royal Flying Corps in 1912; the type continued to serve throughout the First World War.
It was initially used as a front-line reconnaissance aircraft and light bomber; modified as a single-seater it proved effective as a night fighter, destroying several German airships.
Although by now obsolete, it had to remain in front-line service while suitable replacements were designed, tested and brought into service.
Following its belated withdrawal from operations, the type served in various second line capacities, seeing use as a trainer and communications aircraft, as well as performing anti-submarine coastal patrol duties.
In spite of a tendency to swing on take off and a reputation for spinning, the type had a relatively low accident rate.
At first, the activities of the Factory were limited to the conduct of research into aerodynamics and aircraft design and the construction or design of actual aircraft was not officially sanctioned.
O'Gorman got around this restriction by using the factory's responsibility for the repair and maintenance of aircraft belonging to the Royal Flying Corps; existing aircraft that needed major repairs were nominally reconstructed but often actually transformed into new designs, which generally retained few original elements apart from the engine.
aircraft were flown within two months of each other and had the same basic design, the work of Geoffrey de Havilland, who was at the time both the chief designer and the test pilot at the Balloon Factory.
The layout of these aircraft came to be seen as conventional, but when it first appeared this was not the case.
Rather, in common with the contemporary Avro 500, the B.E.2 was one of the designs which established the tractor biplane as the dominant aircraft layout for a considerable time.
This was ostensibly a rebuild of a Voisin biplane, powered by a 60 hp (45 kW) water-cooled Wolseley engine; however, the B.E.1 used only the engine and radiator from this machine, the radiator being mounted between the front pair of cabane struts.
The B.E.1 was a two-bay tractor biplane – it had parallel-chord unstaggered wings with rounded ends, using wing warping for roll control.
The fuselage was a rectangular section fabric-covered wire-braced structure, with the pilot seated aft, behind the wings and the observer in front, under the centre section.
Behind the pilot's position, a curved top decking extended aft to the tail, although the forward decking and cowling of later variants was not fitted at this stage.
The aircraft's tail surfaces consisted of a half-oval horizontal stabiliser with a split elevator mounted above the upper longerons and an ovoid rudder hinged to the sternpost; there was no fixed vertical fin.
The main undercarriage consisted of a pair of skids each carried on an inverted V-strut at their rear and a single raked strut at the front: an axle carrying the wheels was bound to the skids by bungee cords and restrained by radius rods.
The aircraft was not flown again until 27 December, modified by the substitution of a Claudel carburettor in place of the original Wolseley, which allowed no throttle control.
Other minor modifications were made over the following weeks: the undercarriage wheels were moved back 12 in (30.4 cm), the wings (which originally had no dihedral), were re-rigged to have 1° dihedral, and the propeller was cut down in an attempt to increase the engine speed.
The B.E.2 was almost identical to the B.E.1, differing principally in being powered by a 60 hp (45 kW) air-cooled Renault V-8 engine and in having equal-span wings.
The Renault proved a much more satisfactory powerplant than the Wolseley fitted to the B.E.1, and performance was further improved when a 70 hp (52 kW) model was fitted in May that year.
It was not allowed to formally compete in the trials since O'Gorman was one of the judges, but its performance was clearly superior to most of the aircraft competing: on 12 August 1912, the B.E.2 established a new British altitude record of 10,560 ft (3,219 m), while being flown by de Havilland and with Major F. H. Sykes on board as a passenger.
These essentially only differed from the B.E.2 in the powerplant, initially an ENV liquid cooled engine, and since both aircraft were eventually fitted with the standard 70 hp Renault, they became effectively equivalent to the production standard B.E.2.
The B.E.2a designation first appeared on a drawing dated 20 February 1912, which showed an aircraft with unequal span wings with slight dihedral.
These differed from preceding B.E.1 and B.E.2 in possessing a revised fuel system, in which the streamlined gravity tank below the centre section of the wing was moved to a position behind the engine.
Early production aircraft had unequal span wings, similar to those fitted on the B.E.1, and at first there was no decking between the pilot and observer's seats, although this was added later.
Sandbag loading tests revealed that the safety margin of the rear spar was somewhat less than that of the front; to remedy this, a revised wing was designed with a deeper rear spar, and consequently a different aerofoil section.
The first production order was placed with British manufacturing conglomerate Vickers; shortly afterwards, a second order was issued for the type's production by the Bristol Aeroplane Company.
The first contractor-built B.E.2as appeared during the first weeks of 1913; during February of that year, at least two such aeroplanes were delivered to No.2 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, these were possibly the first examples of the type to enter service.
It featured revised cockpit coamings, which afforded better protection from the elements, along with revised controls to both the elevator and rudder.
At the outbreak of war, these early B.E.2s formed part of the equipment of the first three squadrons of the RFC to be sent to France.
A B.E.2a of No.2 Squadron was the first aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps to arrive in France after the start of the First World War, on 26 August 1914.
The first example, a converted B.E.2b, flew on 30 May 1914 and the type went into squadron service just before the outbreak of war.
The B.E.2c used the same fuselage as the B.E.2b, but was otherwise really a new type, being fitted with new wings of different planform with increased dihedral and forward stagger, and ailerons replaced the wing warping of the earlier models.
A streamlined cowling to the sump was also fitted to later models, while a cut-out in the rear of the centre section marginally improved the observer's field of fire, as well as giving the pilot a better view forward over the wing.
On later machines, the fin was enlarged to reduce the aircraft's tendency to swing on take-off and to improve spin recovery.
Most B.E.2ds were used as trainers, and the few used on operations by the RFC seem to have been flown from the normal (rear) pilots' seat.
On the other hand, photographs of B.E.2ds supplied to Belgium make it clear that not only were these re-engined with Hispano engines, but at least some of them had the pilot and observer's seating positions reversed, giving the latter a much better field of fire for his gun(s).
Some of the Belgian B.E.2cs were similarly modified, while at least one was fitted with a Scarff ring over the rear cockpit.
The tailplane was again a new unit – being smaller than that of the B.E.2c and d – and the larger, quadrant shaped vertical fin of the late B.E.2c became standard.
It was intended to fit a new, uprated version of the RAF 1 – the RAF 1b – but in the event this engine did not achieve production status, and the B.E.2e used the same engine as its predecessor, considerably reducing the expected improvement in performance.
An exact breakdown between the different models has never been produced, if only because so many B.E.2s were completed as later models than originally ordered.
The B.E.12 (a single-seater) went into production and saw squadron service, however neither variant was ultimately a great success; both designs having been superseded by newer fighter aircraft by the time they were completed.
During the pre-war period, those B.E.2s that had reached service were primarily flown by No 2, No 4 and No 6 Squadrons, who rapidly accumulated an unusually high number of flight hours on the type.
Bruce has commented that during this time, compared with their contemporaries, the early B.E.2s demonstrated a high standard of serviceability and reliability: as borne out by the squadrons' maintenance records.
On 22 May 1913, Captain Longcroft flew his aircraft from Farnborough Airport to Montrose Aerodrome, covering the 550 mile distance in ten hours, 55 minutes, with two intermediary stops.
On 19 August 1913, Longcroft repeated this trip using a B.E.2 outfitted with an additional fuel tank, lowering the journey time to seven hours, 40 minutes with only one stop midway.
A good deal of experimental flying was undertaken during this period, influencing later fuel system and undercarriage design as well as structural strengthening and aerodynamic changes.
2 had already served in the RFC for two years prior to the outbreak of the Great War, and were among the aircraft that arrived with the British Expeditionary Force in France during 1914.
While some flew entirely unarmed, or perhaps carried service revolvers or automatic pistols, others armed themselves with hand-wielded rifles or carbines as used by ground troops, or even fitted a Lewis gun.
In this awkward position, his view was poor, and the degree to which he could handle a camera (or, later, a gun) was hampered by the struts and wires supporting the centre section of the top wing.
In practice, the pilot of a B.E.2 almost always operated the camera, and the observer, when he was armed at all, had a rather poor field of fire to the rear, having, at best, to shoot back over his pilot's head.
Nonetheless, the B.E.2s were already in use as light bombers as well as for visual reconnaissance; an attack on Courtrai Railway station on 26 April 1915 earning a posthumous Victoria Cross for 2nd Lt. William Rhodes-Moorhouse, the first such award to be made for an aerial operation.
The type that replaced the B.E.2a and B.E.2b (as well as the assortment of other types in use at the time) in the reconnaissance squadrons of the RFC in 1915 was the B.E.2c, which had also been designed before the war.
The most important difference in the new model was an improvement in stability – a genuinely useful characteristic, especially in aerial photographic work, using the primitive plate cameras of the time, with their relatively long exposures.
A suitable engine was not available in sufficient quantities to replace the air-cooled Renault – the RAF 1a being essentially an uprated version of the French engine – so that the improvement in the B.E.2c's performance was less than startling.
Unable to cope with such a primitive fighter as the Fokker E.I, it was virtually helpless against the newer German fighters of 1916–17.
This agitation prompted the setting up of two enquiries; one into the management of the Royal Aircraft Factory, and another into the high command of the Royal Flying Corps, the latter of which being headed by a judge.
By the spring of 1917, however, conditions on the Western Front had changed again; the German fighter squadrons having been re-equipped with better fighters, especially the Albatros D.III.
It had been planned that by this time B.E.2s in front-line service would have been replaced by newer aircraft, such as the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 and Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8, but delivery of these types was initially slower than hoped.
On 19 May 1917, six pilots, newly arrived in France and still to be allocated to a squadron, were each given a new B.E.2e to ferry between RFC depots at St Omer and Candas.
Fortunately, by this time, the B.E.2e was already being rapidly replaced on the Western Front by later types, but this was from several points of view more than a year too late.
As early as 1915, the B.E.2c entered service as a pioneer night fighter, being used in attempts to intercept and destroy the German airship raiders.
The interceptor version of the B.E.2c was flown as a single-seater, outfitted with an auxiliary fuel tank on the centre of gravity in the position of the observer's seat.
Developed at the Royal Aircraft Factory, the grapnel consisted of a two-inch long hollow steel shaft packed with an explosive charge and fitted with a sharp four-sided nose and metal plates that acted as fins; this would have been attached to a winch-mounted cable and carried by a single B.E.2.
It was intended for the fighter to approach a Zeppelin from above, after which the grapnel would be dropped and appropriate manoeuvring employed to strike the surface of the Zeppelin with it: it then would bury itself and explode, causing ignition of the airship's hydrogen gas.
A simpler and much more practical solution proved to be to attack from below, using a Lewis gun firing a mixture of explosive and incendiary ammunition at an upwards angle of 45°.
On the night of 2–3 September 1916, a single B.E.2c was credited with the downing of SL 11, the first German airship to be shot down over Britain after over a year of night raids.
This feat led to the pilot, Captain William Leefe Robinson, being awarded a Victoria Cross and various cash prizes, totalling up to £3,500, that had been put up by a number of individuals.
This was not an isolated victory; five more German airships were destroyed by Home Defence B.E.2c interceptors between October and December 1916.
As a consequence of these losses, the German Army's airship fleet ceased raids over England: German naval airship raiders of 1917 flew at higher altitudes to avoid interception, reducing their effectiveness.
The performance of the B.E.2 was inadequate to intercept airships flying at 15,000 feet much less the Gotha bombers that emerged during 1917, and its career as an effective home defence fighter was over.
While the majority of operational B.E.2s served on the Western Front, the type also saw limited use in other overseas theatres.
At least one pair of B.E.2s were among the aircraft dispatched with No 3 Squadron for use in the Gallipoli Campaign.
They were used to spot in support of naval bombardments, as well as being occasionally used to directly bomb ships and other targets.
As early as 1914, some B.E.2as went to Australia, where they served as trainer aircraft for the nascent Australian Flying Corps at Point Cook, Victoria.
At least one B.E.2 was dispatched to Egypt to reinforce friendly forces fighting in the Eastern Mediterranean; on 16 April 1915, this aircraft participated in the bombing of El Murra.
In spite of the type's rather unresponsive controls, it was capable of executing comprehensive (if somewhat stately) aerobatics, and was by no means a bad trainer.
On 19 February 1917, a B.E.2c was used to conduct the British Army's first aeromedical evacuation when it flew out the sole casualty of the raid on Bir el Hassana in the Sinai Peninsula.
The man had a shattered ankle, and the 45-minute flight in the observer's seat spared him an agonizing multi-day journey by camel.
Another B.E.2e was one of the first two aircraft (the other was an Avro 504K) owned by the new Australian airline Qantas when it was founded in Queensland in 1920–1921.
Surviving restored aircraft and reproductions are on display at several museums, including the Imperial War Museum, Duxford; the RAF Museum, Hendon; the Canada Aviation Museum, Ottawa; the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Paris; the Militaire Luchtvaartmuseum, Soesterberg, Netherlands; United States Army Aviation Museum and the Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, Norway.
B.E.2f serial A1325 has been restored to airworthiness by The Vintage Aviator Ltd in New Zealand, with an original RAF1A V8 engine, and made its debut at the Classic Fighters Omaka airshow in April 2009.
TVAL has also built several airworthy reproductions including c and f models, two of which are currently in the UK on loan to the WW1 Aviation Heritage Trust.
The B.E.2c itself was badly damaged in a crash in the United States in 1977 but Boddington's son Matthew returned it to flying condition in 2011.
The UK's latest non-flying reproduction was built at Boscombe Down, Wilts, completed around 2008 and is now displayed with the Boscombe Down Aviation Collection at Old Sarum.
Volunteers at Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre, Angus, Scotland have built a full-size replica B.E.2a (No.471) from original plans and it is now on display.
It is native to the upper Paraguay basin and upper Madeira basin (including Guaporé, Mamore and Beni) in Brazil and Bolivia.
This fish is of roughly tetragonal shape, light grey in coloring, with a black patch, surrounded by iridescent silver edging, posterior of the gills on each side.
A long-finned variety, apparently developed by captive breeders, is sometimes sold in the aquarium trade (the male has elongated dorsal and anal fins even in the wild form).
The male black phantom tetras have longer fins than the females and when in breeding condition, the females become plumper, but the biggest difference is in their color.
The males have no red, while the smaller fins of the female both on the top and underneath them are red.
The adipose fin, on the top of the body behind the larger dorsal fin, is much more noticeable in the females than the males, because in females it is red while in the males it is grey.
When the fish are in breeding condition, the colors of both sexes become more distinct, with the male showing its black fins more obviously.
While it is not particularly colorful, it makes up for this by its display behavior: the males are territorial and defend their space against their neighbors by presenting themselves in profile with the dorsal and anal fins fully extended, and the dark color intensified, making the edging of the body patch stand out prominently.
Unlike other tetras who prefer to live in large shoals, they will also do fine when kept in a group of four or five individuals, making them suitable for smaller aquaria.
To stimulate breeding, pH is lowered to about 5.5-6, the general hardness of the water is also reduced below four degrees.
Commercial fry foods of suitable sizes can be used but at all stages the young fish benefit from live food of the right size.
Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20, 1971), once known professionally as Twiggy Ramirez, shortened to just Twiggy since 2008, and sometimes referred to by his real name, is an American musician, mostly known as the former bassist and guitarist of the band Marilyn Manson.
Previously, he was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails, and is currently the vocalist for Goon Moon.
He did not know his father for most of his life but united with him in 2008 (which was mentioned in the Love Line radio interview in 2008).
Influenced by the likes of Mötley Crüe, Van Halen and Iron Maiden, he first picked up a guitar at age thirteen.
Although a New Jersey native, he spent the better portion of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, where he quickly embraced South Florida's growing music scene and, by age 15, had joined his first band, The Ethiopians.
After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor.
Jeordie did not join Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids until Gidget Gein was ejected from the band by the manager in December 1993.
On January 9, 2008 Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on MySpace confirming that Tim Skold was leaving Marilyn Manson and that White had rejoined the band in his place.
On October 24, 2017 Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band parted ways with White following allegations of sexual misconduct made against him, and announced that there will be a replacement for the upcoming tour.
After departing Marilyn Manson, White played two live shows with California punk metal band Mondo Generator, and auditioned for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, which he lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle.
Several months later, White replaced Paz Lenchantin in A Perfect Circle, the project of Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan and former Tool guitar tech Billy Howerdel as a full member of the band on bass guitar.
White later joined Queens of the Stone Age frontman Josh Homme on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project The Desert Sessions.
White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was permanently replaced by Matt McJunkins.
It has been emphasized by White personally that if there was one single piece of information the public should know about him it would be that he smells like baby powder.
On October 21, 2017, White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their relationship in the late 1990s.
In addition to the aforementioned bass guitars, White has used numerous other brands and models of electric and acoustic guitar in writing and recording for each band he has been involved with, and he plays following guitars in live performances.
It is believed that the people in southern Busoga originally came from Buganda and in the early 14th Century overwhelmed the original inhabitants, the Nilotic Luo who came from the north, and the Teso who came from the north-east.
It is also taught in secondary schools and is offered as a course subject in tertiary institutions such as Busoga University, Kyambogo University and Makerere University.
Soga has several dialects dating to the intermingling of people during the early migration period of the 17th and 18th centuries.
There were so many dialects that it was difficult to reach agreement on the correct way to spell or pronounce certain words.
For instance, in the north of Busoga, there is an 'H' in many words which does not appear in dialects of southern Busoga.
It had a close belt of Runyoro associated dialects running east from Bunyoro, across the northern region of Buganda, across northern Busoga and through Bugwere, which is east of Busoga.
Some of the more accomplished Lusoga publications include a Lusoga Bible, grammar books, riddles, proverbs, several story books and dictionaries e.g.
In common with other tonal Bantu languages, Lusoga has a noun class system in which prefixes on nouns mark membership of one of the noun genders.
However, it assumes a more personal nature and just as in the West, its form depends on the time of the day and the elapsed time since the last contact with the greeter.
The personal nature of the greetings ensues when the individual being greeted chooses to answer the question instead of merely responding with good or fine.
Telling the time in Soga is different from the way it is told in English because hours of darkness correspond to PM to include early morning hours.
Its contents were partly official (court news, decrees of the Roman emperor, Roman Senate and Roman magistrates), partly private (notices of births, marriages and deaths).
The origin of the Acta is attributed to Julius Caesar, who first ordered the keeping and publishing of the acts of the people by public officers (59 B.C.
After remaining there for a reasonable time they were taken down and preserved with other public documents, so that they might be available for purposes of research.
in that only the greater and more important matters were given in the latter, while in the former things of less note were recorded.
The siege marked the height of the struggle between the Catholics and the Protestants in France, and ended with a complete victory for King Louis XIII and the Catholics.
The assassination of Henry IV in 1610, and the advent of Louis XIII under the regency of Marie de' Medici, marked a return to pro-Catholic politics and a weakening of the position of the Protestants.
The Duke Henri de Rohan and his brother Soubise started to organize Protestant resistance from that time, which ultimately exploded into a Huguenot rebellion.
In 1621, Louis XIII besieged and captured Saint-Jean d'Angély, and a blockade of La Rochelle was attempted in 1621-1622, ending with a stalemate and the Treaty of Montpellier.
Again, Rohan and Soubise would take arms in 1625, ending with the capture of the Île de Ré in 1625 by Louis XIII.
After these events, Louis XIII resolved to subdue the Huguenots, and Louis' Chief Minister Cardinal Richelieu declared this his first priority.
The Anglo-French conflict followed the failure of their alliance of 1624, in which England had tried to find an ally in France against the power of the Habsburgs.
In June 1626, Walter Montagu was sent to France to contact dissident noblemen, and from March 1627 attempted to organize a French rebellion.
The plan was to send an English fleet to encourage rebellion, triggering a new Huguenot revolt by Duke Henri de Rohan and his brother Soubise.
On the first expedition, the English king Charles I sent a fleet of 80 ships, under his favourite George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, to encourage a major rebellion in La Rochelle.
In June 1627, Buckingham organised a landing on the nearby island of Île de Ré with 6,000 men in order to help the Huguenots, thus starting the Anglo-French War of 1627, with the objectives being to control the approaches to La Rochelle and to encourage the rebellion in the city.
The city of La Rochelle initially refused to declare itself an ally of Buckingham against the crown of France and effectively denied access to its harbour to Buckingham's fleet.
On Île de Ré, the English under Buckingham tried to take the fortified city of Saint-Martin in the Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré (1627) but were repulsed after three months.
Meanwhile, in August 1627 French royal forces started to surround La Rochelle, with an army of 7,000 soldiers, 600 horses and 24 cannons, led by Charles of Angoulême.
On September 10, the first cannon shots were fired by La Rochelle against royal troops at Fort Louis, starting the third Huguenot rebellion.
Four thousand workmen also built a long seawall to block the seaward access between the city and harbor, stopping all supplies.
The initial idea for blocking the channel came from the Italian engineer Pompeo Targone, but his structure was broken by winter weather, before the idea was taken up by the royal architect Clément Métezeau (or Metzeau) in November 1627.
The Roman Catholic government of France rented ships from the Protestant city of Amsterdam to conquer the Protestant city of La Rochelle.
This resulted in a debate in the city council of Amsterdam as to whether the French soldiers should be allowed to have a Roman Catholic sermon on board of the Protestant Dutch ships.
In the occasion of the Siege of La Rochelle, Spain manoeuvered towards the formation of a Franco-Spanish alliance against the common enemies that were the English, the Huguenots and the Dutch.
Richelieu accepted Spanish help, and a Spanish fleet of 30 to 40 warships was sent from Cadiz to the Gulf of Morbihan as an affirmation of strategic support, arriving three weeks after the departure of Buckingham from Île de Ré.
At one point, the Spanish fleet anchored in front of La Rochelle, but did not engage in actual operations against the city.
A naval force led by William Feilding, Earl of Denbigh, left on April 1628, but returned without a fight to Portsmouth, as Denbigh said that he had no commission to hazard the king's ships in a fight, and returned shamefully to Portsmouth.
A third fleet was dispatched under the Admiral of the Fleet, the Earl of Lindsey in August 1628, consisting of 29 warships and 31 merchantmen.
Residents of La Rochelle had resisted for 14 months, under the leadership of the mayor Jean Guitton and with gradually diminishing help from England.
By the terms of the Peace of Alais, the Huguenots lost their territorial, political and military rights, but retained the religious freedom granted by the Edict of Nantes.
However, they were left at the mercy of the monarchy, unable to resist later when Louis XIV abolished the Edict of Nantes altogether and embarked on active persecution.
Aside from its religious aspect, the Siege of La Rochelle marks an important success in the creation of a strong central government of France, in control throughout its territory and able to suppress regional defiance.
In the immediate aftermath was the growth of the absolute monarchy, but it had long-term effects upon all later French regimes up to the present.
Around the time of the siege, a series of propaganda coins were cast to describe the stakes of the siege, and then commemorate the Royal victory.
These coins depict the siege in symbolic ways, showing the city and the English effort in a poor light, while putting an advantageous light on Royal might.
He represented the Labour Party, and serving throughout the second term of the Fourth Labour Government, served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1987 to 1990.
In 1960, he began three years of study at the University of Canterbury, after which he studied for a year at the Christchurch College of Education.
In the 1990 New Year Honours, Burke was appointed a Knight Bachelor, and the same year he was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.
On 24 October 2007, following the local body elections where he stood in the Christchurch South constituency, he was elected Chairman for a further term.
In 2010 the New Zealand Government fired Burke, and the remaining Regional Councillors of Environment Canterbury, two years after the previous local body elections.
They were replaced by Government-appointed Commissioners and elections for Environment Canterbury were to be held in 2013, but a return to full democracy was delayed until the 2019 local elections.
In the 2010 local elections, Burke stood for Christchurch City Council in the Spreydon-Heathcote ward but was beaten by the two incumbents (Sue Wells and Barry Corbett).
Burke was patron of Cholmondeley Children's Home in Governors Bay but relinquished this role according to the 2015 Annual Report prior to his drink driving conviction in January 2016 (below).
In March 2012 Sir Kerry joined the board of the Draco Foundation (NZ) Charitable Trust, an organisation whose purpose is the protection and promotion of democracy and natural justice in New Zealand.
The trust was denied charitable status by the Charities Commission and on appeal by the High Court of New Zealand (Judgement Ron Young J charities.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/draco-foundation-nz-charitable-trust.pdf).
Évian-les-Bains (), or simply Évian (, , or ), is a commune in the northern part of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
A high-market holiday resort and spa town on the shores of Lake Geneva (), it has been visited, over two centuries, by royalty such as Kings Edward VII and George V of the United Kingdom and King Farouk of Egypt, and celebrities such as countess Anna de Noailles and Marcel Proust.
In the following years, many hotels (Hôtel des quatre saisons, Hôtel de France, Hôtel des Alpes) were built, helping the town's popularity as a holiday resort.
The hills and the lakeshore were covered with noble houses and luxurious villas and a theatre and a casino were built on the lakeside.
In 1902, the baths were constructed and in 1909, the architect Hébrard built one of the most luxurious hotels: the Royal Hotel.
Evian considers itself one of the top European spas, claiming popularity with high society figures such as Countess Anna de Noailles, Frédéric Mistral, the Lumiere Brothers and Marcel Proust.
After World War I, the city maintained its status as a high-class spa town, hosting socialites and royalty such as Aga Khan III, the Maharaja of Kapurthala, Albert Lebrun (President of the République), King George V of United Kingdom and King Fuad I of Egypt.
The town is home to Évian mineral water, which adds significantly to the economy, together with the Casino d'Evian, the largest themed casino in Europe, and the Evian Royal Resort, the reported favorite holiday destination of former French President François Mitterrand and King Farouk of Egypt.
Évian is served by a bus network, as well as a train station with regular trains to Geneva, Annemasse, and Bellegarde, as well as less frequent services to Paris and Lyon.
There is also a very busy ferry service running between the town and Lausanne, as well as a more tourist-centered service that runs to Yvoire.
Public nursery/preschools and primary schools serving the town include: Ecole du Centre, Ecole de la Détanche, Ecoles du Mur Blanc, and Ecole des Hauts d’Evian.
Collège des Rives du Léman is the public junior high school, and Lycée Anna de Noailles is the senior high school.
Jean-Claude Romand (born 11 February 1954) is a French spree killer and impostor who pretended to be a medical doctor for 18 years before killing his wife, children, and his parents when he was about to be exposed.
The deception began with a simple lie: Romand claimed that he had passed a second-year medical examination that he did not take.
Romand fooled his family and friends for 18 years; they thought he was a successful medical professional and researcher in the World Health Organization (WHO).
Periodically he left for a supposed work trip but only traveled to Geneva International Airport and spent a couple of days in a hotel room there, studying medical journals and a travel guide about the various countries he lied about visiting.
Romand lived off the money his wife and he had made by selling an apartment, from his wife's salary, and from sums of money which were given to him by various relatives, who relied on his assurances that he was investing the money in various imaginary hedge funds and foreign ventures.
On 9 January 1993 Romand withdrew 2000 francs and borrowed a .22 long rifle from his father for which he purchased a suppressor, and gas canisters, and asked for them to be gift wrapped.
After these killings, the only people who could expose him were his parents and his ex-mistress, who wanted back 900,000 francs that she had given him as a favour.
That night he picked up his ex-mistress, telling her they were invited to a dinner with the then health minister, Bernard Kouchner.
Pretending that they were lost, he made her exit the car, and as she did so he attempted to strangle her with a cord and sprayed tear gas into her face.
After she fought back, he apologized and drove her back to her home, after making her promise to never tell anyone about his attempt to murder her.
He sat and watched television before he poured petrol around the house, set it on fire, and took an overdose of sleeping pills to create the appearance of an intended suicide.
Whether this attempt was genuine is doubtful, since the pills he took were long expired, and he had access to more effective barbiturates; additionally, the manner in which the fire was set and the timing of his taking the pills made his rescue inevitable.
On 6 July 1996 Romand was sentenced to life imprisonment with no possibility of parole for 22 years; he became eligible for parole in 2015.
Born at Kermartin, a manor near Tréguier in Brittany, on 17 October 1253, Ivo was the son of Helori, lord of Kermartin, and Azo du Kenquis.
He went to Orléans in 1277 to study canon law under Peter de la Chapelle, a famous jurist who later became bishop of Toulouse and a cardinal.
Meanwhile, he studied Scripture, and there are strong reasons for believing the tradition held among Franciscans that he joined the Third Order of St. Francis sometime later at Guingamp.
He continued to practice law and once, when a mother and son couldn’t resolve their differences, he offered a Mass for them.
He displayed great zeal and rectitude in the discharge of his duty and did not hesitate to resist taxation by the king, which he considered an encroachment on the rights of the Church.
Having been ordained he was appointed to the parish of Tredrez in 1285 and eight years later to Louannec, where he died of natural causes after a life of hard work and repeated fasting.
For instance, the Society of St. Yves in Jerusalem (a Catholic Center for Human Rights and Legal Aid, Resources and Development), the Conférence Saint Yves in Luxembourg (the Luxembourg Catholic Lawyers Association), or the Association de la Saint Yves Lyonnais.
Ivo is often represented with a purse in his right hand (for all the money he gave to the poor during his life) and a rolled paper in the other hand (for his charge as a judge).
She continued her studies in 1899 with Carl Seffner and Max Klinger in Leipzig, and in 1900 with Auguste Rodin in Paris, also attending the Académie Colarossi.
By 1925, Westhoff had turned to painting, so that in addition to her sculptural work, she created an equally substantial body of work in painting.
With her comprehensive biography in 1986, Marina Sauer initiated a rehabilitation of the artist by freeing Clara Rilke-Westhoff from the shadowy existence of being seen only as the wife of Rilke and as a friend of Paula Modersohn-Becker.
Within a capitalist economic system, commodification is the transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade.
Commodification is often criticised on the grounds that some things ought not to be treated as commodities—for example water, education, data, information, knowledge, human life, and animal life.
According to Gøsta Esping-Andersen people are commodified or 'turned into objects' when selling their labour on the market to an employer.
These two concepts are fundamentally different and the business community more commonly uses commoditization to describe the transformation of the market to undifferentiated products through increased competition, typically resulting in decreasing prices.
While in economic terms, commoditization is closely related to and often follows from the stage when a market changes from one of monopolistic competition to one of perfect competition, a product essentially becomes a commodity when customers perceive little or no value difference between brands or versions.
Commoditization can be the desired outcome of an entity in the market, or it can be an unintentional outcome that no party actively sought to achieve.
Branded producers often suffer under commoditization, since the value of the brand (and ability to command price premiums) can be weakened.
However, false commoditization can create substantial risk when premier products do have substantial value to offer, particularly in health, safety and security.
The difference between the terms of commodification (Marxist political theory) and commoditization (business theory) has been drawn by James Surowiecki (1998) and Douglas Rushkoff (2005).
What is clear now is that the West's fascination with the primitive has to do with its own crises in identity, with its own need to clearly demarcate subject and object even while flirting with other ways of experiencing the universe.
When the dominant culture demands that the Other be offered as sign that progressive political change is taking place, that the American Dream can indeed be inclusive of difference, it invites a resurgence of essentialist cultural nationalism.
An example of commodification is the colors red, black, and green, which are the colors of the African Liberation Army (ALA).
For people of African descent these colors represent red (the innocent bloodshed of Africans), black (African people) and green (stolen land of Africa).
An example of this type of cultural commodification can be described through viewing the perspective of Hawaiian cultural change since the 1950s.
Commodity played a key role throughout Karl Marx's work; he considered it a cell-form of capitalism and a key starting point for an analysis of this politico-economic system.
Such geodesics are called prime geodesics because, among other things, they obey an asymptotic distribution law similar to the prime number theorem.
This geodesic is closed because 2 points which are in the same orbit under the action of Γ project to the same point on the quotient, by definition.
The prime geodesics are then those geodesics that trace out their image exactly once — algebraically, they correspond to primitive hyperbolic conjugacy classes, that is, conjugacy classes {γ} such that γ cannot be written as a nontrivial power of another element of Γ.
The importance of prime geodesics comes from their relationship to other branches of mathematics, especially dynamical systems, ergodic theory, and number theory, as well as Riemann surfaces themselves.
In his 1970 Ph.D. thesis, Grigory Margulis proved a similar result for surfaces of variable negative curvature, while in his 1980 Ph.D. thesis, Peter Sarnak proved an analogue of Chebotarev's density theorem.
There are other similarities to number theory — error estimates are improved upon, in much the same way that error estimates of the prime number theorem are improved upon.
Also, there is a Selberg zeta function which is formally similar to the usual Riemann zeta function and shares many of its properties.
Algebraically, prime geodesics can be lifted to higher surfaces in much the same way that prime ideals in the ring of integers of a number field can be split (factored) in a Galois extension.
Closed geodesics have been used to study Riemann surfaces; indeed, one of Riemann's original definitions of the genus of a surface was in terms of simple closed curves.
It served during the mid-20th century in the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps, and the air forces of other nations.
The Bearcat concept began during a meeting between Battle of Midway veteran F4F Wildcat pilots and Grumman Vice President Jake Swirbul at Pearl Harbor on 23 June 1942.
Climb performance is strongly related to the power-to-weight ratio, and is maximized by wrapping the smallest and lightest possible airframe around the most powerful available engine.
Another goal was that the G-58 (Grumman's design designation for the aircraft) should be able to operate from escort carriers, which were then limited to the obsolescent F4F Wildcat as the Grumman F6F Hellcat was too large and heavy.
After intensively analyzing carrier warfare in the Pacific Theater of Operations for a year and a half, Grumman began development of the G-58 Bearcat in late 1943.
There is considerable debate among sources as to whether or not the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 influenced the design of the G-58.
It is known that test pilots from Grumman examined and flew a captured Fw 190 in England in early 1943, and the G-58 has a number of design notes in common with the Fw 190 that the Hellcat did not, especially in the cowling and landing gear arrangements.
In 1943, Grumman was in the process of introducing the F6F Hellcat, powered by the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine which provided .
To meet this goal, the Bearcat's fuselage was about shorter than the Hellcat, and was cut down vertically behind the cockpit area.
Structurally the fuselage used flush riveting as well as spot welding, with a heavy gauge 302W aluminum alloy skin suitable for carrier landings.
The hydraulically operated undercarriage used an articulated trunnion which extended the length of the oleo legs when lowered; as the undercarriage retracted the legs were shortened, enabling them to fit into a wheel well which was entirely in the wing.
An additional benefit of the inward retracting units was a wide track, which helped counter propeller torque on takeoff and gave the F8F good ground and carrier deck handling.
As development continued it became clear this was impossible to achieve as the structure of the new fighter had to be made strong enough for aircraft carrier landings.
Ultimately much of the weight-saving measures included restricting the internal fuel capacity to 160 gal (606 l) (later 183) and limiting the fixed armament to four .50 cal Browning M2/AN machine guns, two in each wing.
The limited range due to the reduced fuel load would mean it would be useful in the interception role, but meant that the Hellcat would still be needed for longer range patrols.
Compared to the Hellcat, the Bearcat was 20% lighter, had a 30% better rate of climb and was 50 mph (80 km/h) faster.
The wings were designed to fold at a point about out along the span, reducing the space taken up on the carrier.
Normally the hinge system would have to be built very strong in order to transmit loads from the outer portions of the wing to the main spar in the inner section, which adds considerable weight.
Instead of building the entire wing to be able to withstand high-g loads, only the inner portion of the wing was able to do this.
The outer portions were more lightly constructed, and designed to snap off at the hinge line if the g-force exceeded 7.5 g. In this case the aircraft would still be flyable and could be repaired after returning to the carrier.
The design was completed in November 1943 and an order for two prototypes was placed on 27 November 1943 under the BuAir designation XF8F-1.
Testing demonstrated a number of problems, notably a lack of horizontal stability, an underpowered trim system, landing gear that could be extended only at slow speeds, an unreliable airspeed indicator, and a cramped cockpit.
The stability problem was addressed on the second prototype by adding a triangular fillet to the front of the vertical stabilizer.
The end of the war led to the Grumman order being reduced to 770 examples, and the GM contract being cancelled outright.
An additional order was placed for 126 F8F-1B's replacing the .50 cal machine guns with the 20 mm M2 cannon, the US version of the widely used Hispano-Suiza HS.404.
An unmodified production F8F-1 set a 1946 time-to-climb record (after a run of 115 ft/35 m) of 10,000 ft (3,048 m) in 94 seconds (6,383 fpm).
The Bearcat held this record for 10 years until it was broken by a jet fighter (which still could not match the Bearcat's short takeoff distance).
The first production aircraft was delivered in February 1945 and the first squadron, Fighter Squadron 19 (VF-19), was operational by 21 May 1945, but World War II was over before the aircraft saw combat service.
While they worked well under carefully controlled conditions in flight and on the ground, in the field, where aircraft were repetitively stressed by landing on carriers and since the wings were slightly less carefully made in the factories, there was a possibility that only one wingtip would break away with the possibility of the aircraft crashing.
This was replaced with an explosives system to blow the wingtips off together, which also worked well, but this ended when a ground technician died due to an accidental triggering.
Postwar, the F8F became a major U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps fighter, equipping 24 fighter squadrons in the Navy and a smaller number in the Marines.
Its capability for aerobatic performance is illustrated by its selection as the second demonstration aircraft for the navy's elite Blue Angels flight demonstration squadron in 1946, replacing the Grumman F6F Hellcat.
The Blue Angels flew the Bearcat until the team was temporarily disbanded in 1950 during the Korean War and pressed into operational combat service.
The first combat for the F8F Bearcat was during the French Indochina War (1946–1954) when nearly 200 Bearcats were delivered to the French forces in 1951.
When the war ended in 1954, 28 surviving Bearcats were supplied to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force and entered service in 1956.
The Vietnamese Bearcats were retired in 1960, replaced with Douglas A-1 Skyraiders and North American T-28 Trojans as the Vietnam War (1957–1975) continued.
' (Sanskrit) or ' (Pali; , , ), is one of the Four Heavenly Kings, and is considered an important figure in Japanese Buddhism.
The character of is founded upon the Hindu deity Kubera, but although the Buddhist and Hindu deities share some characteristics and epithets, each of them has different functions and associated myths.
Although brought into East Asia as a Buddhist deity, has become a character in folk religion and has acquired an identity that is partially independent of the Buddhist tradition (cf.
According to some suttas, he takes his name from a region there called ; he also has a city there called Ālakamandā which is a byword for wealth.
As with all the Buddhist deities, is properly the name of an office (filled for life) rather than a permanent individual.
has the authority to grant the yakkhas particular areas (e.g., a lake) to protect, and these are usually assigned at the beginning of a 's reign.
When Gautama Buddha was born, became his follower, and eventually attained the stage of sotāpanna, one who has only seven more lives before enlightenment.
He presented to the Buddha the verses, which Buddhists meditating in the forest could use to ward off the attacks of wild yakkhas or other supernatural beings who do not have faith in the Buddha.
In Japan, Bishamonten (毘沙門天), or just Bishamon (毘沙門) is thought of as an armor-clad god of war or warriors and a punisher of evildoers.
Bishamon is portrayed holding a spear in one hand and a small pagoda in the other hand, the latter symbolizing the divine treasure house, whose contents he both guards and gives away.
Tibetan Buddhists consider Jambhala's sentiment regarding wealth to be providing freedom by way of bestowing prosperity, so that one may focus on the path or spirituality rather than on the materiality and temporality of that wealth.
Multisystem developmental disorder (MSDD) is a term used by Stanley Greenspan to describe children under age 3 who exhibit signs of impaired communication as in autism, but with strong emotional attachments atypical of autism.
There were no uniform postal rates for Switzerland until after the establishment of a countrywide postal service on 1 January 1849.
Olympic Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Canada, located at Olympic Park in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of the city.
The Montreal Alouettes of the CFL returned to their previous home of Molson Stadium in 1998 for regular season games, but continued to use Olympic Stadium for playoff and Grey Cup games until 2014 when they returned to Molson Stadium for all of their games.
The Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer (MLS) use the venue on occasion, when demand for tickets justifies the large capacity or when the weather restricts outdoor play at nearby Saputo Stadium in the spring months.
The stadium and Olympic Park grounds border Maisonneuve Park, which includes the Montreal Botanical Garden, adjacent to the west across Rue Sherbrooke (Route 138).
A covered stadium was thought to be all but essential for Drapeau's other goal of bringing a Major League Baseball team to Montreal, given the cold weather that can affect the city in April, October and sometimes even September.
In 1967, soon after the National League granted Montreal an expansion franchise for 1969, Drapeau wrote a letter promising that any prospective Montreal team would be playing in a covered stadium by 1971.
However, even as powerful as he was, he did not have the power to make such a guarantee on his own authority.
Just as Charles Bronfman, who was slated to become the franchise's first owner, was ready to walk away, Drapeau had his staffers draw up a proposal for a stadium.
The stadium was designed by French architect Roger Taillibert to be an elaborate facility featuring a retractable roof, which was to be opened and closed by cables suspended from a huge tower – the tallest inclined structure in the world, and the sixth tallest structure in Montreal.
An Olympic velodrome (since converted to the Montreal Biodome, an indoor nature museum) was situated at the base of the tower in a building similar in design to the swimming pool.
The stadium was host to various events including the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics, football finals, and the team jumping equestrian events.
Taillibert based the building on plant and animal forms, aiming to include vertebral structures with sinews or tentacles, while still following the basic plans of Modern architecture.
The stadium was originally slated to be finished in 1972, but the grand opening was cancelled due to a strike by construction workers.
Further delays ensued due to the stadium's unusual design and Taillibert's unwillingness to back down from his original vision of the stadium even in the face of escalating costs for raw materials.
It did not help that the original project manager, Trudeau et Associés, seemed to be incapable of handling some of the most basic construction tasks.
The Quebec provincial government finally lost patience with the delays and cost overruns in 1974, and threw Taillibert off the project.
The roof materials languished in a warehouse in Marseille until 1982, and the tower and roof were not completed until 1987.
When construction on the stadium's tower resumed after the 1976 Olympics, a multi-storey observatory was added to the plan, accessible via a inclined elevator, opened in 1987, that travels along the curved tower's spine.
The elevator cabin ascends from base of the tower to upper deck in less than two minutes at a rate of , with space for 76 persons per trip and a capacity of 500 persons per hour.
The Olympic Park, the stadium's suspended roof and downtown Montreal can be viewed from the south-west facing Observatory at the top of the tower.
Despite initial projections in 1970 that the stadium would cost only C$134 million to construct, strikes and construction delays served to escalate these costs.
By 2006, the amount contributed to the stadium's owner, the Olympic Installations Board (OIB) (fr: Régie des Installations Olympiques), accounted for 8% of the tax revenue earned from cigarette sales.
The 1976 special tobacco tax act stipulated that once the stadium was paid off, ownership of the facility would be returned to the City of Montreal.
The total expenditure (including repairs, renovations, construction, interest, and inflation) amounted to C$1.61 billion, making it—at the time all costs were paid off—the second most expensive stadium built (after Wembley Stadium in London).
Despite initial plans to complete payment in October 2006, an indoor smoking ban introduced in May 2006 curtailed the revenue gathered by the tobacco tax.
By 2014, the stadium's expense ranking had fallen to fifth, with the construction of costlier venues like MetLife Stadium, AT&T Stadium, and the new Yankee Stadium.
It is estimated that a large-scale event such as the Grey Cup can generate as much as $50 million in revenue.
Although the tower and retractable roof were not completed in time for the 1976 Olympics, construction on the tower resumed in the 1980s.
During this period, however, a large fire set the tower ablaze, causing damage and forcing a scheduled Expos home game to be postponed.
In 1986, a large chunk of the tower fell onto the playing field prior to another Expos game August 29 vs. San Diego Padres forcing a doubleheader on August 30.
In January 1985, approval was given by the Quebec government to complete the project and install a retractable roof, financed by an Olympic cigarette tax in the province.
As part of various renovations made in 1991 to improve the stadium's suitability as a baseball venue, 12,000 seats were eliminated, most of them in distant portions of the outfield, and home plate was moved closer to the stands.
No one was injured, but the Expos had to move their final 13 home games of that season to the opponents' cities.
In 1999, a portion of the roof collapsed on January 18, dumping ice and snow on workers that were setting up for the annual Montreal Auto Show.
The auto show and a boat show the following month were canceled, and the auto show left the venue for good (since then, the Montreal Auto Show has usually been held at the Palais des congrès de Montréal).
Repaired once again, the roof was modified to better withstand winter conditions: the OIB installed a network of pipes to circulate heated water under the roof to allow for snow melting.
The installer of the roof, Danny's Construction, having suffered tremendous cost overruns along with its subcontractor Montacier, due to changes in the plans and specifications and delays, was terminated during the construction, and Birdair completed the project.
In February 2010, after a lengthy trial, the Quebec Superior Court awarded a judgement in favour of Danny's Construction and dismissed Birdair's countersuit.
During the Expos' final years in Montreal, it was coated with grime, and much of the concrete was chipped, stained, and soiled.
However, the Olympic Installations Board issued a report stating that the roof was unsafe during heavy rainfall or more than of snow, and that it rips 50 to 60 times a year.
The city fire department warned in August 2009 that without corrective measures, including a new roof, it may order the stadium closed.
Events cannot be held if more than of snow are predicted 24 hours in advance, such as caused postponement of the Montreal Impact home opener soccer match in March 2014.
In May 2011 a committee was formed to study the future of the stadium and improve the usage of the stadium, pool, and sports centre.
In 2015, a new high definition scoreboard was installed, replacing the aging two-panel display dating back to the stadium's renovations in 1992.
The new roof would be removable, allowing the stadium to either be open-air or enclosed, consistent with the intent of the original roof.
The Canadian Football League's Montreal Alouettes became the stadium's first major post-Olympic tenant when they moved their home games there halfway through the 1976 season.
Capacity was reduced from its Olympic capacity of 72,000 to 58,500, but leapt to 66,308 when the natural grass was replaced with AstroTurf ahead of the 1977 season.
The Alouettes remained there through 1986, the franchise's final season of operations; the team would shut down shortly after the start of the 1987 season.
A revived Alouettes franchise returned for the 1996 and 1997 seasons, but then moved to the Percival Molson Stadium in 1998, only using the larger Olympic Stadium for select regular-season and home playoff games.
Due to the increased popularity of the Alouettes and the small capacity of Percival Molson Stadium, the team considered returning to Olympic Stadium on a full-time basis, but instead renovated Percival Molson Stadium to increase its capacity.
In addition, the stadium holds the record for the largest Grey Cup attendance, that of the 1977 Grey Cup game, in which the hometown Montreal Alouettes defeated the Edmonton Eskimos, 41-6 before 68,318 spectators; this despite a local transit strike and harsh winter weather conditions.
Olympic Stadium has hosted the Grey Cup a total of six times, most recently in 2008 when the Calgary Stampeders defeated the hometown Alouettes.
The stadium holds the record for nine of the ten largest crowds in CFL history, which include five regular-season and four Grey Cup games.
This included hosting World Bowl '92 on June 6, 1992, in which the Sacramento Surge defeated the Orlando Thunder 21–17 before 43,789.
As a part of the team's franchise grant, a domed stadium was supposed to be in place for the 1972 baseball season.
However, due to the delays in constructing Olympic Stadium, until 1977, the Expos annually sought and received a waiver to remain at Jarry.
As late as January 1977, it was thought the Expos would have to play at least part of the 1977 season at Jarry as well.
The Expos regularly played 81 home games every season until 2003, when they played 22 home games in Puerto Rico at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan.
The Expos played 59 home games at Olympic Stadium in each of their final two seasons of 2003 and 2004; the franchise moved south to Washington, D.C. for the 2005 season and became the Washington Nationals.
However, the Expos had to use a hacksaw to cut open the locks because the OIB did not have a master key.
The Expos played five home playoff games in 1981; two in the NLDS against the Phillies, and three in the NLCS against the Los Angeles Dodgers, who went on to win the World Series.
In 1982, the Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played at Olympic Stadium in front of 59,057—a stadium record for baseball.
As in all multipurpose stadiums, the lower seating tier was set further back than in baseball-specific parks to accommodate the football field.
However, since Canadian football fields are longer and wider than American football fields, Olympic Stadium's lower tier was set back even further than comparable seats at American multipurpose stadiums.
The upper deck was one of the highest in the majors; as was the case with most of its multipurpose counterparts, most of the upper-deck seats, particularly those in the outfield, were too far away to be of any use during the regular season.
The Expos felt considerable chagrin that they were not consulted on the stadium's location, design, or construction even though they were slated to be its primary tenants.
Whenever an opposing pitcher tried to hold a runner at first rather than pitch, the sound system would cluck at him like a chicken.
Also ahead of the 1992 season, the running track was removed, home plate was moved closer to the stands and new seats closer to the field were installed.
The Expos were very successful in the stadium for a time, with above National League median attendance in 1977 and from 1979 to 1983.
The Expos outdrew the New York Mets from 1977 to 1983, and 1994 to 1996, as well as the New York Yankees in 1982 and 1983.
For most of the Expos' tenure, the playing surface was an extremely thin AstroTurf carpet, with only equally thin padding between it and the concrete floor.
Longtime Expos trainer Ron McClain begged for a replacement, but the OIB was unwilling to spend the $1 million needed for a new surface.
Additionally, for most of the Expos' tenure, the padding on the fence was so thin that fielders risked severe injury by going after long fly balls.
By the 1990s, several free agents specifically demanded that the Expos be taken out of consideration due to the poor playing conditions.
By the mid-1990s, owner Claude Brochu concluded that Olympic Stadium was not suitable as a baseball venue, and actively campaigned for a replacement.
However, Quebec Premier Lucien Bouchard refused to authorize public funding deemed necessary for a replacement, in part because Olympic Stadium still had not been paid for.
Ten years after the last Expos game at Olympic Stadium, the Toronto Blue Jays played two spring training games at the stadium against the New York Mets on March 28 and 29, 2014, with combined attendance of 96,350.
Willie Stargell of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit the longest home run at Olympic Stadium on May 20, 1978, driving the ball into the second deck in right field for an estimated distance of 535 feet.
Stargell also hit a notable home run at the Expos' original Montreal home, Jarry Park, which landed in a swimming pool beyond the right field fence.
On April 4, 1988, the Expos' Opening Day, Darryl Strawberry of the New York Mets hit a ball off a speaker which hangs off a concrete ring at Olympic Stadium, estimated to have traveled 525 feet.
The longest home run hit to left field was Vladimir Guerrero's blast on July 28, 2003, that hit an advertising sign directly below the left field upper deck.
Several games of the 2007 FIFA Under 20 World Cup were played at Olympic Stadium and drew the largest crowds of the tournament, including two sell-outs of 55,800.
Olympic Stadium hosted a CONCACAF Champions League quarter-final game pitting the original Montreal Impact – who played primarily in the adjacent Saputo Stadium – against Club Santos Laguna of the Liga MX (Mexico First Division) on February 25, 2009.
The stadium was also home to a friendly match between the Impact and A.C. Milan of the Italian Serie A on June 2, 2010 before 47,861.
On July 25, 2009, Olympic Stadium became the first stadium outside France to host Ligue 1's Trophée des Champions, a super cup played by the winner of Ligue 1 and the Coupe de France.
On March 17, 2012, a record crowd of 58,912 packed Olympic Stadium to cheer on the current version of the Montreal Impact for their MLS debut on home soil, in an entertaining 1–1 draw with the Chicago Fire, setting a new attendance record for professional soccer in Quebec.
That record was later broken on May 12, 2012 with 60,860 people for a match against the LA Galaxy, also setting a new attendance record for professional soccer in Canada.
On April 29, 2015, a record crowd of 61,004 attended the final match of the CONCACAF Champions League between the Montreal Impact and Club América, establishing a new record attendance for professional soccer in Canada.
One notable game was the semi-final match-up between the United States and Germany that took place on June 30, 2015, which drew a crowd of 51,176 people.
The Americans won 2–0 in front of a largely partisan crowd and then went on to win their record third FIFA Women's World Cup trophy the following Sunday in Vancouver.
This stadium is one of Canada's three candidate venues for the 2026 FIFA World Cup and is expected to get a retractable roof during the renovations for this sports event.
Olympic Stadium hosted the 1978 World Junior Speed Skating Championships where they crowned the American siblings Eric and Beth Heiden as junior world champions.
On June 20, 1980, Roberto Durán defeated Sugar Ray Leonard to win the WBC boxing world's welterweight championship at the Olympic Stadium.
On October 30, 2010, a special mass, to commemorate the ascension to sainthood of Brother André, was held at the stadium.
As part of the commemorative stamps created for the 1976 Olympics, Canada Post issued a stamp depicting the Olympic Stadium and Velodrome.
In 2016, Blessed was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to the arts and charity.
Brian Blessed was born on 9 October 1936 at Montagu Hospital in Mexborough, Yorkshire, the son of William Blessed (1906–2005), a socialist coal miner at Hickleton Main Colliery (and himself the son of a coal miner), and Hilda Wall (1909–1997).
Blessed's great-great-grandfather, Jabez Blessed, was the father of 13 children and worked as a china and glass dealer in Brigg, Lincolnshire; many of Blessed's relatives hail from Brigg.
Blessed went to Bolton on Dearne Secondary Modern School, completed his national service in the RAF Regiment before enrolling at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.
He has further provided vocal links for the Sony-Award-winning Christian O'Connell Breakfast Show on Virgin Radio, and introduced advertisements for Orange mobile phones.
From 2007 to 2008, he appeared in the same play as Captain Hook at the Grove Theatre in Dunstable; he reprised the role for the Christmas 2008 season at the Fairfield Halls, Croydon.
Following a Facebook campaign, satellite navigation manufacturer TomTom recorded Blessed's voice for use in its products; he has been available as a voice command option since October 2010.
Blessed has attempted to climb Mount Everest three times without supplemental oxygen, reaching heights of in 1993 and in 1996, but without reaching the summit.
He is the oldest man to go to the North Magnetic Pole on foot, and has undertaken an expedition into the jungles of Venezuela, during which he survived a plane crash.
Blessed served as President of the Television and Radio Industries Club (TRIC) from 2007 to 2008 and presented the 2008 TRIC Awards at Grosvenor House, London.
Known for his football knowledge, he appeared as an expert and commentator on the satellite channel UKTV G2 during the 2006 World Cup.
He received medical attention from a doctor in the audience and returned to the stage to complete the play 20 minutes later.
The same year, Blessed was nominated for the post of Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, following a campaign by graduates.
Blessed was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to the arts and charity.
Posing as German spy Leni Zauber, Mystique seduced freelance supervillain Victor Creed (Sabretooth) while he was in Germany on a mission.
Mystique later gave birth to a normal human child—Graydon—whom she gave up for adoption, although she kept an eye on him.
When Graydon learned that he was the son of two mutants who had abandoned him as an inconvenience, he grew resentful of all mutants, and that resentment colored his outlook for the rest of his life.
In his adult years, Graydon formed a group called the Friends of Humanity, dedicated to opposing mutant civil rights by committing acts of terrorism against peaceful mutants and mutant sympathizers, and using the acts of violent mutants such as Magneto to rally support for their cause.
Creed also came to join the Upstarts, a group of wealthy and powerful individuals who had been brought together by Selene and the enigmatic telepathic Gamesmaster with the sole purpose of killing mutants for points in a twisted game.
His father managed to remove the device and confronted his son, who callously shot Sabretooth's assistant Birdy, a mutant telepath whom Sabretooth employed to keep his homicidal rages in check.
Later, using the resources he had gained through the Friends of Humanity, and with the support of the government-sponsored anti-mutant taskforce Operation: Zero Tolerance, Creed nominated himself as a presidential candidate and ran on an anti-mutant platform.
Capitalizing on a near-hysterical fear of mutants in the general public, Creed's popularity swelled, which led to the Daily Bugle newspaper launching an investigation into Creed's activities.
When a reporter from the Bugle obtained information regarding Creed's parentage, Zero Tolerance's leader Bastion killed the journalist to prevent the news from leaking out.
The pages of X-Force show a group of Purifiers digging up the corpse of Graydon Creed, his body is then taken back to their base.
Creed later went public with his return, claiming that his death was faked all along to allow him to go underground and avoid persecution from mutants.
After Lady Deathstrike and Daken are stabbed by a zombie version of Lord Dark Wind, Sabretooth fights his zombified son who states that there is 10 minutes left before Maybelle is burned to the ground.
During the X-Termination crossover, AoA Nightcrawler's trip home resulted in the release of three evil beings that destroy anyone they touch.
His prominence was short-lived as Magneto (who compared Graydon Creed to Adolf Hitler) viewed it as his duty to rid the world of the man.
In this reality, Graydon Greed is still the son of Mystique and Sabretooth and the founder of the Friends of Humanity.
As in the comics, Creed hates mutants because he is ashamed of being part mutant himself, and because his parents, Mystique and Sabretooth, were abusive to him.
After the Beast's pardon by the President, Graydon's resentment grew even more and the Friends of Humanity began targeting the X-Men.
While giving a speech about the plague's effects, Graydon attempts to infect Beast with the virus but is stopped by Bishop.
Beast begins searching for her and Wolverine infiltrates the Friends of Humanity, pretending to be the victim of an assault by evil mutants.
An enraged Beast attacks the FOH headquarters and the X-Men use a holographic projector to display information on Sabretooth in front of the Friends of Humanity, including his real name (given in this episode as Graydon Creed Senior).
The roof has radar, a laser beam weapon, a helipad and communication antennas, disguised as billboards, that have a worldwide reach.
Below the sub-level, there is an underground docking area and a tunnel that runs under the United Nations headquarters giving U.N.C.L.E.
The headquarters is designed as a fortress hidden in the center of a block of buildings with Brownstone apartments serving as the exterior facade.
In the daytime, field agents are admitted by way of Del Floria's, a small, nondescript tailor/dry-cleaning shop located one flight below street level.
There, a receptionist pins on a security badge (white or later, yellow for highest security clearance; red and green for low clearance and visitors).
There are also entrances through the Men's and Women's lockers at the rear of the parking garage (admissions for non-field personnel).
After hours, when Del Floria's is closed, agents may also enter through the Masque Club or through the offices of the charitable organization.
The New York office is but one of several located around the world -- and some also use the Del Floria tailor shop as a front (as seen, for example, with U.N.C.L.E.
The official logo of the organization is a black Nicolosi-projection globe with some lines of longitude and latitude picked out in white.
There is a conference for everyone in this section yearly as well as an annual meeting of the five chiefs alone.
Any agent who works at a computer terminal or provides information for the field agents is a member of this section.
Those who handle basic personnel matters (like hiring and medical insurance processing, among other normal business functions) are also members of this section.
The Propaganda section is located on the third floor of the whitestone building adjacent to the N.Y. headquarters and functions as U.N.C.L.E.
It is part of this section's job to see to it that the public never sees the very secret face of the real U.N.C.L.E.
In recent decades, the SKI combinator calculus, with only two primitive combinators, K and S, has become the canonical approach to combinatory logic.
Two sequences that differ in the order of their terms define different compositions of their sum, while they are considered to define the same partition of that number.
Eadie, who is part Native American, was born in Valentine, Nebraska and raised on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota.
When she was four, Betty's parents separated and she was placed in St. Francis Indian School, one of the American Indian boarding schools at the time, along with six of her siblings.
She converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), in which she says she was largely inactive until her Near Death Experience (NDE), after which she became active and served church callings in her ward in Seattle.
Today, after more than 37 years of NDE studies, Betty J. Eadie continues to collect and evaluate near-death accounts, as well as giving speeches and lectures.
In her NDE account, Eadie reports many phenomena similar to other NDE accounts, such as going through a dark tunnel, seeing a bright light and experiencing a Life review, as well as other features unique to her story.
She was met by three angelic beings who spoke with her about her prior existence and hitherto suppressed memories in order to participate in earthly experience.
She traveled to terrestrial locations such as her home merely by thinking about them, returned to her hospital, and then passed on through a dark tunnel-like medium in which she reported sensing other beings in a transitory preparatory stage.
Possessing a corporeal identity of an ethereal kind, she visited numerous places, persons, and phenomena such as natural settings and gardens beyond the character of the conventionally material, and was taken on a tour of sorts of learning experiences that she said felt equivalent to weeks or months.
In addition to discussing traditional Christian subjects such as prayer, creation, and the Garden of Eden, Eadie reported visiting a library of the mind.
Here it became possible to know anything or anyone in history or the present, in minute and unambiguous detail, as well as being able to observe individuals on Earth and being taken to distant reaches and civilizations of the universe.
Warned initially upon arrival that she had died prematurely, Eadie was at last told she must return in order to fulfill the personal mission allocated her.
Its specific character, like numerous other details, were removed from her memory, in order, she said she was told, to prevent difficulties in her fulfilling it.
Upon protesting, she was made to understand the reason behind the necessity for her return and reluctantly agreed to do so.
She reported her return to material corporeality as extremely heavy-feeling and unpleasant, initially intermittent in phases, and accompanied not long after by a demonic visitation that was cut short by an angelic reappearance.
Eadie's doctor reportedly verified her clinical death on a return visit to the hospital, attributing it to a hemorrhage during a nurses' shift change, and took great interest in her recollections.
Independent verification of the length of her death was not possible, but she speculated it could have lasted up to four hours based on her memory of certain details preceding and following it.
She slowly became involved in near-death groups and studies and gave talks, subsequently going on to write her account in book form, which met with runaway success.
This was largely, in part, to its teaching (as she reported she was given it) that some denominations might approximate truth better than others.
She explains, however, that different teachings were more appropriate for certain individuals at their given stage of spiritual development, and therefore judgment should not be passed on them for where they were.
Curiously, Eadie also claims that after her encounter with Jesus, she learned that Christ and God were in fact two separate entities, a view conflicting with that of her Protestant-taught tradition of the Holy Trinity.
In addition, unlike some other Near-Death Experiencers, Eadie claims that reincarnation, as it is typically thought of, does not truly exist.
Eadie claims she was told that only a few return to this earth more than once, that some are sent back as teachers to help others.
She also stressed that her key lesson was that life's purpose was to learn love and to grow through the exercise of free will, including making mistakes.
Other teachings she recounted being given included the idea that there were few if any true accidents and that human lives and paths were chosen, agreed to, and prepared for in advance, with memory of such details suppressed and veiled.
Suicide, she said she was told, was wrong because it deprived people of opportunities to learn and grow, and that there was always hope in life.
Because of their appeal to the innate human desire for an understanding of afterlife, her works led to a strong reader response which she initially attempted to answer in detail but became forced to limit.
To meet some of this demand, she developed a website for general information and inspirational materials, as well as distribution of her books and related materials.
During a 2004 interview on Coast to Coast AM radio with George Noory, she said she was disappointed, following her first book's publication, that she was not permitted to return to the Celestial realm.
Desnica Radivojević (; 14 December 1952) is a Bosnian politician who serves as Minister of Planning in the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Between 27 January 2003 and 22 February 2007 he was one of the two Vice Presidents of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Between 2007 and 2010 he was Minister of Trade in the Federal Government, and in March 2011 he was named Minister of Physical Planning.
On 22 June 2012, his resignation for his ministerial post was signed by President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Živko Budimir.
The problem occurred when members of the Federal Government from the Social Democratic Party wanted to vote for removals in the management and supervisory boards of public companies that are owned by the Federation, but they couldn't get majority without Radivojević, who was a member of the SDA, who opposed SDP's proposal.
He did post-graduate study on the subject of business administration and financial management at the CBA Academy in Zagreb in 2005.
Punjabi cuisine is a culinary style originating in the Punjab, a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided in an Indian part and a Pakistani part.
One is a special form of tandoori cooking that is now famous in other parts of India, UK, Canada, Hong Kong and in many parts of the world.
The local cuisine of Punjab is heavily influenced by the agriculture and farming lifestyle prevalent from the times of the ancient Harappan Civilization.
Common ones are chana masala, chole kulche, aloo paratha, panner paratha, gobi paratha, paratha with curd, halwa poori, bhatoora, falooda, makhni doodh, Amritsari lassi, masala chai, tea, Amritsari kulchas, dahi vada, dahi, khoa, paya, aloo paratha with butter, panjeeri with milk.
Indian subcontinent based spices are used in Punjabi cuisine which are grounded in the Mortar and pestle or the food processor.
According to Ahmed (2014), Harappan oven structures may have operated in a similar manner to the modern tandoors of the Punjab.
The tandoor is traditionally made of clay and is a bell-shaped oven, set into the earth and fired with wood or charcoal reaching high temperatures.
Also in the old infrastructure smoke houses are a common occurrence that are used for smoking the meat products that increase the shelf life of the meat and also add taste in it as well.
Bringing and sending fresh fruits, sweets and food items as gifts to family members is a common practice in Punjab, particularly during the spring season.
The New Punjab Club, located in Hong Kong, became the world's first Punjabi restaurant to earn One Michelin Star in 2019.
Cladium (fen-sedge, sawgrass or twig-sedge) is a genus of large sedges, with a nearly worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate regions.
These are plants characterized by long, narrow (grass-like) leaves having sharp, often serrated (sawtooth-like) margins, and flowering stems 1–3 m tall bearing a much-branched inflorescence.
Sawgrass may be useful as a source for developing biofuel (ethanol), possibly replacing corn as the cellulose (the basis for developing ethanol) source of choice.
The number of species contained in the genus is disputed, with different authors accepting between two and 60 species as distinct.
The Durant was a make of automobile assembled by Durant Motors Corporation of New York City, New York from 1921 to 1926 and again from 1928 to 1932.
Lord Salisbury lives in one of England's largest historic houses, Hatfield House, which was built by an ancestor in the early 17th century, and he currently serves as Chancellor of the University of Hertfordshire.
Robert Michael James Gascoyne-Cecil was born on 30 September 1946, the eldest child and first-born son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury.
Lord Cranborne attended Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, and became a merchant banker before going to work on the family estates.
Lord Cranborne was selected, unexpectedly, as the Conservative Party candidate for South Dorset in 1976, where his family owned lands, despite the presence of several former MPs on the shortlist.
He won the seat at the 1979 general election, the seventh consecutive generation of his family to sit in the House of Commons.
He attracted a general reputation as a right-winger, especially on matters affecting the Church of England, but confounded this reputation when he co-wrote a pamphlet in 1981 which said that the fight against unemployment ought to be given more priority than the fight against inflation.
He took an interest in Northern Ireland, and, when Jim Prior announced his policy of 'Rolling Devolution', resigned an unpaid job as assistant to Douglas Hurd.
Lord Cranborne became known as an anti-communist through his activities in support of Afghan refugees in Pakistan in the early-1980s, and sending food parcels to Poland.
Until the early years of the twenty-first century, a charity shop was run on his Hatfield estate solely to raise money for these causes, including funds for Polish orphanages.
His strong opposition to any involvement by the Republic of Ireland in Northern Ireland led him to oppose the Anglo-Irish Agreement and contributed to his decision to retire from the House of Commons in 1987.
After the 1992 general election, John Major used a writ of acceleration to call Lord Cranborne up to the House of Lords in one of his father's junior titles.
Thus, Lord Cranborne was summoned to Parliament as Baron Cecil, of Essendon in the County of Rutland (his father's most junior dignity), although he continued to be known by his courtesy style of Viscount Cranborne.
This is the most recent time a writ of acceleration has been issued, and due to the provisions of the House of Lords Act of 1999, abolishing the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, any future use of the writ of acceleration is highly unlikely.
He served for two years as a junior defence minister before being appointed as Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords in 1994.
When Major resigned as Leader of the Conservative Party in an attempt to test his authority as leader in July 1995, Lord Cranborne led his re-election campaign.
He was recognised as one of the few members of the Cabinet who were personally loyal to Major, but continued to lead the Conservative Peers after Labour won the 1997 general election.
When the new Prime Minister Tony Blair proposed the removal of the hereditary element in the House of Lords, Lord Cranborne negotiated a pact with the Labour government to retain a small number (later set at ninety-two) of hereditary peers for the interim period.
However, Lord Cranborne gave his party's approval without consulting the party leader, William Hague, who knew nothing and was embarrassed when Blair told him of it in the House of Commons.
All former Leaders of the House of Lords who were hereditary peers accepted life peerages to keep them in the upper house in 1999.
Lord Cranborne, who had received the title Baron Gascoyne-Cecil, of Essendon in the County of Rutland, remained active on the backbenches until the House of Lords adopted new rules for declaration of financial interests which he believed were too onerous.
He was therefore out of the House of Lords when he succeeded his father as the 7th Marquess of Salisbury on 11 July 2003.
In January 2010, Lord Salisbury and Owen Paterson, the then Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, hosted secret talks at Hatfield House, involving the DUP, the UUP and the Conservative Party.
These talks prompted speculation that the Conservatives were attempting to create a pan-unionist front to limit Sinn Féin and the Social Democratic and Labour Party at the general election of 2010.
In September 2012, Lord Salisbury, in his role as Chairman of the Thames Diamond Jubilee Foundation, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and became a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO).
He is a Deputy Lieutenant of Hertfordshire, and the current President of the Friends of the British Library and of the Friends of Friendless Churches.
Lord Salisbury is the Chairman of the Constitution Reform Group (CRG), a cross-party pressure group which seeks a new constitutional settlement in the UK by way of a new Act of Union.
The group introduced the Act of Union Bill 2017-19 as a Private Member's Bill by Lord Lisvane in the House of Lords on 9 October 2018, when it received a formal first reading; its passage through Parliament was terminated by the ending of the parliamentary session in October 2019.
In 1970, aged 23, he married Hannah Stirling, niece of Colonel Sir David Stirling (a co-founder of the SAS) and a descendant of the Lords Lovat, Scottish Catholic aristocrats.
During the 1970s, Lord and Lady Cranborne had two sons and three daughters (including twins); the two elder daughters are now married.
The family seat is Hatfield House, once home to Queen Elizabeth I of England, which was given to the family by James I of England in exchange for the Cecil family house Theobalds.
The Cecils are landowners in Dorset, Hertfordshire and London, and the 7th Marquess ranked 352nd in the Sunday Times Rich List 2017, with an estimated net worth of £335m (of which the paintings at Hatfield accounted for £150m).
Shimla (; ), also known as Simla, is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
As the summer capital, Shimla hosted many important political meetings including the Simla Accord of 1914 and the Simla Conference of 1945.
After independence, the state of Himachal Pradesh came into being in 1948 as a result of integration of 28 princely states.
Shimla is home to a number of buildings that are styled in the Tudorbethan and neo-Gothic architectures dating from the colonial era, as well as multiple temples and churches.
Attractions include the Viceregal Lodge, the Christ Church, the Jakhoo Temple, the Mall Road, the Ridge and Annadale which together form the city centre.
Owing to its steep terrain, Shimla hosts the mountain biking race MTB Himalaya, which started in 2005 and is regarded as the biggest event of its kind in South Asia.
Apart from being a tourism centre, the city is also an educational hub with a number of colleges and research institutions.
Three years later, his successor and the Scottish civil servant Charles Pratt Kennedy built the first pucca house in the area in 1822, near Annadale, what is now the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly building.
In 1830, the British acquired the surrounding land from the chiefs of Keonthal and Patiala in exchange for the Rawin pargana and a portion of the Bharauli pargana.
After this, the town was under Nawab (King) Kumar Ghosal of Bally, West Bengal and saw regular visits from the Governors General and Commanders-in-Chief of British India.
A number of young British officers started visiting the area to socialise with the higher-ups; they were followed by ladies looking for marriage alliances for their relatives.
The Indian businessmen, mainly from Sood and Parsi communities, arrived in the area to cater to the needs of the growing European population.
Subsequently, several roads were widened and the construction of the Hindustan-Tibet road with a 560-feet tunnel was taken up in 1851–52.
This tunnel, now known as the Dhalli Tunnel, was started by a Major Briggs in 1850 and completed in the winter of 1851–52.
The 1857 uprising caused a panic among the European residents of the town, but Shimla remained largely unaffected by the rebellion.
He took the trouble of moving the administration twice a year between Calcutta and this separate centre over 1,000 miles away, despite the fact that it was difficult to reach.
Lord Lytton (Viceroy of India 1876–1880) made efforts to plan the town from 1876, when he first stayed in a rented house, but began plans for a Viceregal Lodge, later built on Observatory Hill.
The Upper Bazaar was cleared for a town hall, with many facilities such as library and theatre, as well as offices for police and military volunteers as well as municipal administration.
This may have been helped by the fact that it was very expensive, having an ideal climate and thus being desirable, as well as having limited accommodation.
British soldiers, merchants and civil servants moved here each year to escape from the heat during summer in the Indo-Gangetic plain.
In addition, Shimla was the capital of the undivided state of Punjab in 1871, and remained so until the construction of the new city of Chandigarh (the present-day capital of the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana).
The State of Bilaspur was merged in the Himachal Pradesh on 1 April 1954 by the Himachal Pradesh and Bilaspur (New State) Act, 1954.
Himachal became a part C state on 26 January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India and the Lt.
On 18 December 1970, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971.
Pre-independence structures still dot Shimla; buildings such as the former Viceregal Lodge, Assembly Chamber, Auckland House, Christ Church, Gorton Castle, Shimla Town Hall and the Gaiety Theatre are reminders of British rule in India.
The central spine was the Mall, which ran along the length of the ridge, with a Mall Extension southwards, closed to all carriages except those of the viceroy and his wife.
Shimla was built on top of seven hills: Inverarm Hill, Observatory Hill, Prospect Hill, Summer Hill, Bantony Hill, Elysium Hill and Jakhoo Hill.
Other rivers that flow through the Shimla district, although further from the city, are the Giri, and Pabbar (both tributaries of Yamuna).
Environmental degradation due to the increasing number of tourists every year without the infrastructure to support them has resulted in Shimla losing its popular appeal as an ecotourism spot.
The city is situated 88 km (55 miles) northeast of Kalka, 116 km (72 miles) northeast of Chandigarh, 247 km (154 miles) south of Manali and 350 km (219 miles) northeast of Delhi, the national capital.
The average total annual precipitation is , which is much less than most other hill stations but still much heavier than on the plains.
Snowfall in the region, which historically has taken place in the month of December, has lately (over the last fifteen years) been happening in January or early February every year.
Recently a Model Career Centre has been set-up at Regional Employment Exchange, Shimla to enable bridging the gap between job-seekers and employers.
In addition to being the local hub of transport and trade, Shimla is the area's healthcare centre, hosting a medical college and four major hospitals: Indira Gandhi Hospital (Snowdown Hospital,) Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital (formerly called Ripon Hospital), Kamla Nehru Hospital and Indus Hospital.
Shimla had always been famous for its quality of education and many important schools have been imparting quality education throughout the state.
Along with schools of higher education, several institutes are also present, namely Himachal Pradesh University and Indian Institute of Advanced Study.
Recruitment to the IAAS is through the joint competitive examinations (the Civil Services Examination) and through promotion from the subordinate cadre.
Government is trying to promote technology and IT sector as the new area for growth and promotion although not many companies have yet settled in Shimla.
Two notable companies that are registered in Shimla are Netgen IT Solutions, an international website development startup with partner offices in the US and Australia, and Himachal Media, a company that deals with content and media publishing.
The administrative responsibilities of the city of Shimla and merged areas of Dhalli, Totu and New Shimla reside with the Shimla Municipal Corporation (SMC).
Established in 1851, the Shimla Municipal Corporation is an elected body comprising 27 councillors, three of whom are nominated by the government of Himachal Pradesh.
The elections take place every five years and the mayor and deputy mayor are elected by and amongst the councillors themselves.
The two major political parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress with a third party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), emerging.
The city contributes one seat to the state assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and one seat to the lower house of parliament (Lok Sabha).
Law and order in the city is collectively maintained by the police force, Vigilance Department, enforcement directorate, forensics, fire brigade, prisons service and Home Guard.
The First Armed Police Battalion, one of the four armed police battalions in the state, is available for assistance to the local police.
According to 2011 census, Shimla city spread over an area of 35.34 km had a population of 169,578 with 93,152 males and 76,426 females.
Shimla urban agglomeration had a population of 171,817 as per provisional data of 2011 census, out of which males were 94,797 and females were 77,020.
The low sex ratio – 930 girls for every 1,000 boys in 2001 – is cause for concern, and much lower than the 974 versus 1,000 for Himachal Pradesh state as a whole.
Other than Hindi, Pahari languages are spoken by the ethnic Pahari people, who form a major part of the population in the city.
Punjabi language is prevalent among the ethnic Punjabi migrant population of the city, most of whom are refugees from West Punjab, who settled in the city after the Partition of India in 1947.
According to 2011 census, the majority religion of the city is Hinduism practised by 93.5% of the population, followed by Islam (2.29%), Sikhism (1.95%), Buddhism (1.33%), Christianity (0.62%), and Jainism (0.10%).
Since 2015, 95.0 BIG FM and Himachal Tourism have been jointly organising a seven-day long winter carnival on the Ridge from Christmas to New Year's.
The former Viceregal Lodge, which now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, and Wildflower Hall, now a luxury hotel, are some of the famous ones.
Tatta Pani, from the main city, is the name of hot sulphur springs that are believed to have medicinal value located on the banks of the River Satluj.
Shimla Ice Skating Club, which manages the rink, hosts a carnival every year in January, which includes a fancy dress competition and figure skating events.
Due to the effects of global warming and increasing urban development in and around Shimla, the number of sessions on ice every winter has been decreasing in the past few years.
The culture of Shimla throwbacks religious, agnostic Kumauni people with simple lifestyle living away from the hustle and bustle of metro cities.
Some of the popular convent schools in the city are Bishop Cotton School, St. Edward's School, Shimla, Auckland House School, Shimla Public School, Sacred Heart Convent, Tara Hall, Convent of Jesus & Mary (Chelsea).
Bishop Cotton School and St. Edward's School, Shimla are for boys only, whereas, Tara Hall and Convent of Jesus & Mary (Chelsea) are for girls only.
The Indian Institute of Advanced Study, housed in the Viceregal lodge, is a residential centre for research in Humanities, Indian culture, religion and social and natural sciences.
Himachal Pradesh University Business School (HPUBS) and University Institute of Information Technology, Himachal Pradesh University (UIIT), a premier technical education institute, are also located here.
The one at Gandhi Bhavan in the university has over 40,000 books and the other library, also a heritage building on the ridge, has 7,000.
Other institutes of higher education and research located in Shimla are the Central Potato Research Institute, a member of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and National Academy of Audit and Accounts for training of officers of the Indian Audits and Accounts Service (IA&AS).
Shimla is well-connected by road network to all major cities in north India and to all major towns and district headquarters within the state.
The city has a total of three railway stations with Shimla the main station and two others located at Summer Hill and Totu (Jutogh) respectively.
For about a week starting on 11 September 2007, an expert team from UNESCO visited the railway to review and inspect it for possible selection as a World Heritage Site.
State-owned All India Radio and Reliance Broadcast owned 95.0 BIG FM have local radio stations in Shimla, which transmits various programmes of mass interest.
Apart from a wide range of other national and international TV channels of different languages, the national TV broadcaster Doordarshan also broadcast channels like DD Shimla, DD National and DD Sports in the city.
Bundling, or tarrying, is the traditional practice of wrapping two people in a bed together, usually as a part of courting behavior.
The tradition is thought to have originated either in the Netherlands or in the British Isles and later became common in colonial United States, especially in Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
It is possible the precedent for bundling came from the biblical story of Ruth and Boaz, in which Ruth, a widow, and Boaz, a wealthy landowner, spend a night together in a grain storage room.
It is possible that, as late as the mid-19th century, bundling was still practiced in New York state and perhaps in New England, though its popularity was waning.
267 (N.Y. 1846), for example, initially argued before Judge Edmunds in the Orange Circuit Court of New York, concerned the seduction of a 19-year-old woman; testimony in the case established that bundling was a common practice in certain rural social circles at the time.
By the 20th century, bundling seems to have disappeared almost everywhere, except for the more conservative Old Order Amish affiliations, where it is still in use in the 21st century, regardless of location.
This amazing increase may, indeed, be partly ascribed to a singular custom prevalent among them, commonly known by the name of bundling—a superstitious rite observed by the young people of both sexes, with which they usually terminated their festivities, and which was kept up with religious strictness by the more bigoted part of the community.
Frontman Sascha Konietzko created his own form of promotion, issuing a press release that both disparaged and lauded the coming set.
alumni, such as Chris Connelly of Revolting Cocks and Bill Rieflin of Ministry, to help with the album's creation, along with assistance from more than a dozen studio musicians.
With the completed songs, Konietzko then allowed guest artists, such as Connelly, to pick songs they wanted to contribute to, and added their vocals or other instrumentation.
Another 50,000 copies of the sampler were to be handed out at summer college and beach events and given away at radio stations.
Blackman wrote the promotional piece for the album's press kit, and at Konietzko's request, wrote the first half of the promo as an insulting take down of the album rather than as a standard promo.
Looking back on the album at the time of its re-release, Konietzko said it was his favorite album of the 1990s.
Characters, settings, and music within the series contain visual and audio cues to American westerns, as well as traditional fantasy and science fiction elements.
The series has largely been overseen by producer Akifumi Kaneko and is viewed as a cult classic among other role-playing game franchises.
Looking for a way to capitalize on the growing role-playing game market of the mid-nineties, Sony commissioned Media.Vision to create a game that would combine elements of a traditional RPG with limited 3D graphics to promote the hardware of their newly released PlayStation console.
References to seminal role-playing game elements influenced by European fantasy such as castles, magic, dragons, and monsters, were added to attract players to a familiar concept, as well as extend the story-telling past the western medium to allow scenario writers from other elements.
The groundwork for the series' music was laid by composer Michiko Naruke, who had previously only written the scores to Super Nintendo Entertainment System titles.
Though the exact nature varies from one game to the next, they are seen as highly destructive devices with an array of functions in battle.
The practical usage of ARMs, either to protect or destroy life, is left to the user's discretion, and serves as a plot point within each game to establish a character's true motives.
The primary heroes of each game often ally themselves with these Guardians to defeat technology-reliant or ecologically unconscious villains who would either subjugate or destroy the world to suit their respective goals.
Filgaia is a fantasy world made to resemble the American West characterized by large deserts, red rock canyons, and dry plains.
Several other land types and climates exist, including forests, mountainous regions, grasslands, and Arctic tundras, though their predominance varies from one game to the next.
Though human towns and cities are plentiful, the wilderness that encompasses most of the landscape is riddled with monsters and other beasts, as well as ruins or dungeons from earlier eras that house ancient treasures inaccessible to all but skilled adventurers.
Filgaia is also home to a number of different races including the Native American-inspired Baskars, nature-dwelling Elws, and vampiric Crimson Nobles.
This flaw was later exploited by the Metal Demons during the second Demon War and was the main reason the Elws created the Holmcross.
When the Guardian Blade was activated, it sucked the vitality out of part of the planet and started the decay that would slowly turn Filgaia into a barren wasteland that would soon be impossible for the Elw, who were dependent on nature, to live on.
This and the Elw distrust of humans led to the creation of the Elw Dimension and the Elw's evacuation of Filgaia.
In games in which the Abyss — a sometimes ridiculously long optional dungeon that appears in many of the games — is present, he will be at the end of that dungeon.
The player is not often given many clues to find him, but he is always alluded to in a few bookshelves throughout the game.
When defeated, Ragu usually bestows upon the player the iconic Sheriff Star accessory, which not only proves the player's valor, but also tends to make the remainder of the game quite easy when equipped due to its effects.
Each individual title is set in the world of Filgaia and contain several consistencies that have become series mainstays, including similar races, monsters, technologies, and plot points.
However, only two of the titles directly allude to any chronology, as each game bears a Filgaia unrecognizable from each prior title, so it can be assumed that something has once more devastated it between each entry in the series.
Set in a dystopian future, the manga features a large group of humans on their last legs, living in the overcrowded city of Upper Hose where flowers and other flora are rare and valuable.
Traveling into the wilderness with Jechika and a florist named Gi, Maxi sets off on a quest to restore the balance of nature throughout the world and make the earth habitable again.
Each work follows the plot of each game it is based on, with minor interpretations to the original script and characters.
Wild Arms: Twilight Venom is a 22-episode anime series originally broadcast on Japan's WOWOW network from October 1999 to March 2000 produced by Studio Bee Train.
Directed by Itsuro Kawasaki and Kōichi Mashimo, the series follows the adventures of two treasure hunters - Loretta, an aspiring sorceress and Mirabelle, a Crimson Noble - who stumble upon the body of Sheyenne Rainstorm, a warrior from the past reborn as a 10-year-old boy.
Able to use the archaic yet powerful ARM devices found with him, Sheyenne and the others team up with gung-ho scientist Dr. Aronnax to discover the secret of his past.
The second album, Rocking Heart, released the following October, is a rock and jazz-inspired remix album featuring arrangements by Nittoku Inoue, Nobuhiko Kashiwara, Nao Tokisawa, Atsushi Tomita, Transquillo, and Ryo Yonemitsu.
Water resources laws may apply to any portion of the hydrosphere over which claims may be made to appropriate or maintain the water to serve some purpose.
The Code of Hammurabi was one of the earliest written laws to deal with water issues, and this code included the administration of water use.
hydroelectric plants), while others consume much of what they take (ice, agriculture), and still others use water without diverting it at all (e.g.
Water law involves controversy in some parts of the world where a growing population faces increasing competition over a limited natural supply.
Although water law is still regulated mainly by individual countries, there are international sets of proposed rules such as the Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers and the Hague Declaration on Water Security in the 21st Century.
Long-term issues in water law include the possible effects of global warming on rainfall patterns and evaporation; the availability and cost of desalination technology; the control of pollution, and the growth of aquaculture.
The first is riparian rights, where the owner of the adjacent land has the right to the water in the body next to it.
The other major model is the prior appropriations model, the first party to make use of a water supply has the first rights to it, regardless of whether the property is near the water source.
Riparian systems are generally more common in areas where water is plentiful, while appropriations systems are more common in dry climates.
The right to use water to satisfy basic human needs for personal and domestic uses has been protected under international human rights law.
When incorporated in national legal frameworks, this right is articulated to other water rights within the broader body of water law.
The human right to water has been recognized in international law through a wide range of international documents, including international human rights treaties, declarations and other standards.
Most especially, governments are expected to take reasonable steps to avoid a contaminated water supply and to ensure there are no water access distinctions amongst citizens.
Today all states have at least ratified one human rights convention which explicitly or implicitly recognizes the right, and they all have signed at least one political declaration recognizing this right.
Provincial jurisdiction is derived from the powers over property and civil rights, matters of a local and private nature, and management of Crown lands.
In Ontario, Quebec and other provinces, the beds of all navigable waters are vested in the Crown, in contrast to English law.
Some derives from common law principles which have developed over centuries, and which evolve as the nature of disputes presented to courts change.
For example, the judicial approach to landowner rights to divert surface waters has changed significantly in the last century as public attitudes about land and water have evolved.
Key directives include the Urban Waste Water Directive 1992 (requiring most towns and cities to treat their wastewater to specified standards), and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, which requires water resource plans based on river basins, including public participation based on Aarhus Convention principles.
He attended piano lessons given privately by Alessandro Longo, and harmony and composition respectively under Camillo de Nardis (1857–1951) and Paolo Serrao at the conservatory San Pietro a Majella in Naples.
From 1918 he was Director of the Conservatory of Bologna, from 1923 Director of the Turin Conservatory, and from 1947 to 1950 Director of the Rossini Conservatory in Pesaro.
It had its Italian version premiere in Rome in January 1936, and its French version premiere in Paris four months later.
It was recently revived by the Kiel Opera (Germany), the Montpellier Radio Festival (France) and the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, starring Plácido Domingo in the title role.
National Australia Bank (abbreviated NAB, branded nab) is one of the four largest financial institutions in Australia in terms of market capitalisation, earnings and customers.
NAB was ranked 21st largest bank in the world measured by market capitalisation and 50th largest bank in the world as measured by total assets in 2014, falling to 49th largest in March 2016.
National Australia Bank was formed as National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Limited in 1982 by the merger of National Bank of Australasia and the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney.
Representative offices were established in Beijing (1982), Chicago (branch 1982), Dallas (1983), Seoul (1983, upgraded to a branch in 1990), San Francisco (1984), Kuala Lumpur (1984), Athens (1984, closed 1989), Frankfurt (1985, closed 1992), Atlanta (1986), Bangkok (1986), Taipei (1986 upgraded to branch 1990), Shanghai (1988, closed 1990), Houston (1989) and New Delhi (1989).
It rebranded Northern Bank branches in the Republic of Ireland to National Irish Bank and changed both banks' logos from that of the Midland Bank.
Further acquisitions followed – Bank of New Zealand in 1992, which at the time had about a 26% market share in the New Zealand market, and Michigan National Bank (MNB) in 1995.
NAB had earlier rationalised its operations in the US and closed its offices in Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, and San Francisco in 1991.
This period of rapid expansion through acquisition concluded with the purchases in 1997 of HomeSide Lending, a leading US mortgage originator and servicer based in Florida, and most significantly, the acquisition in 2000 of MLC Limited (and related MLC entities) for $4.56bn, one of the biggest mergers in Australian corporate history.
In 2000, NAB sold Michigan National Bank to ABN AMRO, then in 2001 sold HomeSide's operating assets for US$1.9b to Washington Mutual, the largest US savings and loan company, as well as the mortgage unit's loan-servicing technology and operating platform.
The resignations were preceded by a Board revolt where Catherine Walters emerged as a whistle blower citing serious culture issues at the company having led to the string of failures.
The Australian economic environment during his leadership was stable and productive after 17 consecutive years of economic growth since 1992, averaging 3.3 per cent per annum.
Stewart proceeded with a far reaching re-organisation of the company along regional lines leading to the appointment of Ahmed Fahour as the CEO of Australia in September 2004.
In 2005, NAB announced a cut of 2,000 Australian jobs as part of a global cost-cutting program with the intention of cutting around 4,200 positions – about 10.5% of its total workforce globally.
It began to outsource back office positions offshore, beginning with a pilot with 23 jobs from the accounts payable department in Melbourne going to Bangalore, India in an agreement with Accenture.
By 2006, NAB had turned its fortunes around, reporting an industry record $4.3 billion profit and winning two local Bank of the Year awards.
It also had a major reform which included the refurbishment of all of its branches, and the replacement of signage in and around National branches and buildings, being changed from 'National' to 'nab'.
In May 2007 NAB announced that it would delist from the New York Stock Exchange, and this took place in August 2007.
In March 2008 NAB announced that it would send maintenance and support for some core banking applications to India through an offshoring arrangement with Infosys and Satyam, affecting another 260 employees.
On 25 July 2008, NAB's announcement of an additional A$830 million provision associated with deterioration in US real estate markets triggered the biggest single-day fall in its share price in 21 years, wiping over A$7 billion from the stock's value.
In October 2008, NAB launched a branchless direct bank trading separately as UBank under the leadership of Greg Sutherland and Gerd Schenkel.
In January 2009, Cameron Clyne became CEO, and began a strategy of reputation change, wealth management and a focus on domestic markets.
As part of this strategy, NAB's underweight retail bank – under the leadership of Lisa Gray – attempted to increase market share by competing on price and cutting fees.
Initially denting earnings in the division, the strategy produced mixed results over the medium term, with cash earnings, market share and customer satisfaction rising, but operating margin and cost to income ratio worsening since it began in 2009.
In 2009, NAB acquired the mortgage business of Challenger Financial Services for $385 million, in order to boost its market share in the broker channel.
The first time, in April 2010, was because the regulator believed that the merger would cause a substantial lessening of competition in the retail investment platform market.
NAB subsequently lodged a revised bid which aimed to address these concerns however, was rejected a second time in September of that year.
NAB's poor 2012 financial results, however, called its strategy into question: net profit dropped by 22% compared to the previous year.
As part of a strategy to focus NAB on its domestic markets, the bank listed its US subsidiary Great Western Bank subsidiary on the New York Stock Exchange in October 2014 as part of an initial public offering.
In May 2015, NAB also confirmed it would demerge its Clydesdale and Yorkshire Bank business in the UK, through an initial public offering.
The business was partially floated on the London Stock Exchange and Australian Securities Exchange under a new holding company, CYBG plc, in February 2016, with the remaining shares distributed to NAB's shareholders.
This issue has been dubbed by some commentators as one of the biggest failures in the history of the Australian banking system.
In 2009, NAB became the largest Fairtrade accredited workplace in Australia through purchasing Fairtrade tea, coffee and hot chocolate for their offices and retail branches.
In March 2010 NAB stated it expected to save nearly $1 million in annual power costs from a $6.5 million tri-generation plant at its main data centre.
It supports Auskick, an initiative to improve young footballers, as well as the NAB Cup (an Australian Football League pre-season competition), the NAB AFL Rising Star award; and the AFL National Draft.
Other significant sporting sponsorships included the Socceroos, the 2006 Commonwealth Games, and was the main shirt sponsor of the South Sydney Rabbitohs between 2008 and 2010.
In recent years, NAB has provided financial support and relief to drought affected farmers and helped in the clean-up of flood affected in Queensland and Victoria.
NAB has also sponsored the Sheikh Fehmi El-Imam Scholarship, designed to help strengthen the links between NAB and the Muslim community and enables an undergraduate student to continue post-graduate studies in finance and economics.
In 2004, NAB discovered that as a result of unauthorised spot trades on its foreign currency options desk, losses totalling A$360 million had been covered up.
The losses were a result of a failed speculative position where the traders falsified profits to trigger bonuses over a number of years.
In order to actually generate the reported profits, the traders speculated on the US dollar, betting that it would rise against the Australian dollar and other currencies.
In 2006, two former NAB foreign currency options traders were sentenced on charges brought by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) and incurred jail terms.
Acting on a customer complaint, an Australian Securities & Investment Commission (ASIC) investigation found that between 1997 and 2001, a NAB financial products seller, Paul Drakos, working out of a northern Sydney branch at Hornsby made recommendations to a number of NAB clients, mostly retirees, to invest in BSI Corp, an entity based in the Bahamas which was not a NAB approved investment product.
According to ASIC, at least $6.2m was subsequently transferred from the overseas accounts in the Bahamas and the Dominican Republic back to a private company account, held for Strategic Investments Group ACN 080 924 036 and controlled by a single director, the same Paul Drakos.
Funds were then applied from this account as loans disguised as investments to a number of failed business opportunities among his familial associates including a golf driving range on the Central Coast of NSW, a plumbing business, and futures and commodities trading.
The NAB employee was not officially connected with BSI but gave instructions to agents based in Canada to arrange for the transfer of funds back to Strategic Investments Group and other accounts.
On 29 May 2006 the NAB employee pleaded guilty to 8 counts of dishonestly obtaining a financial advantage by deception, 2 counts of fraudulent misappropriation and 3 counts of making and using false documents.
There is also a connection, not yet pursued by ASIC, to the collapse of the Allco HIT Ltd and Strategic Finances where it is suspected that the swampland was used to underpin financial dealings.
During the time of the investigations the NAB provided the perpetrator of the fraud with a loan of $350,000 secured by swampland on the Central Coast of NSW.
The Irish subsidiary of the bank, National Irish Bank was the subject of a six-year Inquiry carried out by Inspectors appointed by the Irish High Court.
The Director of Corporate Enforcement subsequently applied to the High Court to have 9 senior managers barred from being an officer of any company.
First, in July 2001, NAB had a $450 million write down of the value of its capitalised mortgage servicing rights (CMSRs) during the quarter ending 30 June 2001, and was the result of exceptionally high mortgage refinance volumes which lowered the value of the CMSRs, combined with a more challenging capital markets environment in which to hedge interest rate risk.
This was followed shortly by a second write-down reported in September totalling $1.75 billion; this second write-down consisted of US$400 million from an incorrect interest rate assumption embedded in the mortgage servicing rights valuation model, US$760 million from changed assumptions in the model flowing from the continued unprecedented uncertainty and turbulence in the mortgage servicing market, and US$590 million from writing off of the goodwill.
As a result of all these events, NAB's Australian shareholders attempted to sue it in the United States for securities fraud, even though the plaintiffs, the defendant, and the actual securities at issue (NAB's shares) were all located in Australia.
It has been estimated that since 2008, NAB has loaned A$11.2 billion to the fossil fuel industry in Australia, positioning itself as the 3rd largest lender in this regard.
Comparatively, loans to renewable energy are estimated at A$2.2 billion over the same period, or approximately 20% of the amount to fossil fuels.
The Big Four Australian banks, of which NAB is part, are estimated to have provided approximately one third of all loans to the fossil fuel industry in Australia since 2008.
Concerns that this finance is significant to Australia's contribution to global warming has led to various responses from the Australian community.
Shareholders of the bank engage NAB, often at the annual general meeting, asking for greater emissions disclosure and reduced finance for fossil fuels.
In early September 2015, reports circulated that NAB had ruled out finance for the proposed Adani Carmichael coal mine, which would be the largest coal mine in Australia and one of the largest in the world.
A royal commission was established on in December 2017 to inquire into and report on misconduct in the banking, superannuation, and financial services industry.
A subsequent parliamentary inquiry recommended a royal commission, noting the lack of regulatory intervention by the relevant government authorities,and later revelations that financial institutions were involved in money laundering for drug syndicates, turned a blind eye to terrorism financing, and ignored statutory reporting responsibilities and impropriety in foreign exchange trading.
By its own admission, NAB executives told the Royal Commission that the customers may have not received any service, in spite of being charge a fee.
The following month ASIC commenced civil proceedings in the Federal Court alleging that NAB-owned superannuation entities had deducted $100 million in fees from more than 300,000 customers where services were not provided.
Days earlier, NAB Chairman and former Secretary of The Treasury Ken Henry defensively appeared before the Royal Commission, with some tense exchanges between Henry and legal counsel Rowena Orr.
He was a gas balloon enthusiast, which caused his death at the age of 41 when he crashed in his balloon in Silesia.
Abegg received his PhD on July 19, 1891 as the student of August Wilhelm von Hofmann at the University of Berlin.
Abegg learned organic chemistry from Hofmann, but one year after finishing his PhD degree he began researching physical chemistry while studying with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, Germany.
Abegg later served as private assistant to Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen and to Svante Arrhenius at the University of Stockholm.
Abegg discovered the theory of freezing-point depression and anticipated Gilbert Newton Lewis's octet rule by revealing that the lowest and highest oxidation states of elements often differ by eight.
He researched many topics in physical chemistry, including freezing points, the dielectric constant of ice, osmotic pressures, oxidation potentials, and complex ions.
After attending Wilhelm High School in Berlin, Abegg studied organic chemistry at the University of Kiel and the University of Tübingen.
He then attended the University of Berlin, from which he received his doctorate as the student of August Wilhelm von Hofmann.
In 1894, Abegg worked as an assistant to Walther Nernst, one of the founders of physical chemistry and, at the time, Professor of Physical Chemistry.
He found that some elements were less likely to combine into molecules, and from this concluded that the more stable elements had what are now called full electron shells.
He found that the sum of these two valences always comes to eight, a rule that is now known as Abegg's rule.
Aired in early 2000, the program was a fresh concept to audiences, attracting high ratings and much attention in the media.
The judges consisted of radio broadcaster Jackie O, Warner Music executive Chris Moss, and Grant Thomas Management manager Michael Napthali (who would manage the group's career).
After numerous elimination rounds, Chantelle Barry, Belinda Chapple, Sophie Monk, Sally Polihronas and Katie Underwood were chosen and given tickets to fly to Sydney to record their debut single, and the girls moved in together.
She stated that she accidentally kept Monk's weekly money allowance with the intention of giving it back to her, but forgot to do this and was therefore removed from the group.
The program followed the group during its recording sessions, photo and music video shoots and other promotional commitments such as showcases and instores.
Airing prior to the first season of Australian Idol, the show was considered a unique and fresh format at the time, and attracted on average, more than 2.6 million viewers per episode, making it one of the most successful, highest-rating programs of 2000.
The album would go on to sell over double platinum copies and was the 20th highest selling album in Australia for 2000.
The album debuted at number 16 on the ARIA album charts and was certified gold status, but continued to drop in the weeks following, only spending seven weeks in the Top 100.
In March, the girls embarked on their second national tour with Australian boy band Human Nature, playing sell-out shows in theatres across the country.
In early April, the group travelled to Malaysia where they performed at the International Indian Film Academy Awards, followed by a tour of India.
Belinda Chapple, Sophie Monk, Sally Polihronas and Tiffany Wood have cited the need for a well earned break following what has been a phenomenal 2.5 year explosion on the Australian music scene.
Bardot performed a farewell show at Channel V – their last public performance – in front of dozens of screaming fans and it proved to be highly emotional for both fans and the band members.
While trying to introduce their final song for the night, Wood broke into tears, unable to sing her verses, and handed her microphone to the audience.
The decision to break up came as a surprise to many in the industry who believed Bardot was in the process of establishing a strong and credible reputation.
Sophie and I both knew that we were going to fulfil the last album and then move on, but Sophie stayed with the management, and continued on.
Soon after Bardot's split, Wood confirmed that at the time, both she and Chapple were the two members keen to continue as Bardot.
All members, apart from Polihronas, have launched into solo music careers with varying levels of success (see Solo releases), as well as other fields such as acting and fashion.
The Air Force gained its first combat aircraft when 12 Jet Provosts with a close air support capability were delivered in 1962.
In the 1960s Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and People's Republic of China started supplying the Sudanese Air Force with aircraft.
The air force flies a mixture of transport planes, fighter jets and helicopters sourced from places including the European Union, Russia, China and the United States.
However, the rebel Justice and Equality Movement claimed to have shot down one MiG-29 with large-caliber machine-gun fire on 10 May 2008, killing the pilot of the plane, a retired Russian Air Force fighter pilot; the Sudanese government denied the allegation.
In August 2013, pictures showed Su-24's in Sudanese colors, reporting that the aircraft were among the ex Belarusian Air Force Su-24's retired in 2012.
Previous aircraft operated by the Air Force included the Northrop F-5 (12), BAC Jet Provost (20), Percival Pembroke (3), Douglas C-47, Shenyang J-6, MBB Bo 105, and the Agusta-Bell 212 helicopter.
The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) is a statutory authority of the Australian Government and the prudential regulator of the Australian financial services industry.
APRA oversees banks, credit unions, building societies, friendly societies, general insurance, health insurance, reinsurance, and life insurance companies, and most members of the superannuation industry.
It ensures that these institutions keep their financial promises; that is, that they will remain financially sound and able to meet their obligations to depositors, fund members and policy holders.
The Insurance and Superannuation Commission (ISC) was formally established on 23 November 1987, following the proclamation of the Insurance and Superannuation Commissioner Act 1987.
At the time, the regulators of the Australian financial services industry were based on the institutions and not the regulatory function.
APRA's predecessor regulators were the Insurance and Superannuation Commission, the Reserve Bank of Australia and the Australian Financial Institutions Commission (AFIC).
The role of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) was amended to deal with monetary policy and systemic stability with the Payments System Board considering payments systems regulation.
The role of the Australian Prudential Regulation Commission (later to become APRA) was amended to deal with prudential regulation of authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs), life and general insurance, and superannuation including Industry superannuation.
The Corporations and Financial Services Commission was renamed and its role expanded as the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) to deal with market integrity, consumer protection and corporations.
APRA became prominent in the collapse of HIH Insurance in 2001 and for its investigation into the National Australia Bank foreign currency deal scandal in 2004.
In 2018 Peter Harris, the chair of the Productivity Commission, was critical of the role of APRA in limiting price competition in banking.
In 2018 APRA created the restricted authorised deposit-taking institution (RADI) licensing framework to encourage new entrants and competition to the existing banking system.
He also wrote and performed in various KMFDM side projects, including two albums with Sascha Konietzko's Excessive Force and a solo album by En Esch.
After KMFDM disbanded in 1999, Schulz and Esch recorded a few songs for tribute albums and then formed Slick Idiot, a band featuring Schulz's trademark guitar and Esch's vocal stylings.
Schulz is interested in photography and took many of the band portraits that appear in KMFDM and Slick Idiot liner notes.
Although the first governing body of the sport was founded in 1911, FFA in its current form was only established in 1963 as the Australian Soccer Federation.
FFA oversees the men's, women's, youth, Paralympic, beach and futsal national teams in Australia, the national coaching programs and the state governing bodies for the sport.
FFA made the decision to leave the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), for which it was a founding member, and become a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) on 1 January 2006 and ASEAN Football Federation (AFF).
This body was then superseded by the Australian Soccer Football Association, which was formed in 1921, with its headquarters in Sydney.
The Australian Soccer Football Association operated for forty years, was given FIFA provisional membership in November 1954 and this was confirmed in June 1956, however in 1960, the association disbanded after being suspended from FIFA for the poaching of players from overseas.
However, this association was refused re-admittance to FIFA until outstanding fines had been paid, which was later done in 1963, seeing the new national body admitted to FIFA.
Isolated from international football, Australia repeatedly applied to join the Asian Football Confederation in 1960, and in 1974 but were denied in all requests.
In 2003, following Australia's failure to qualify for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, allegations of fraud and mismanagement were levelled at Soccer Australia by elements within the Australian Press including the ABC.
Soccer Australia commissioned an independent inquiry known as the Crawford Report as a result of the Australian Government's threat to withdraw funding to the sport.
The findings of the report were critically analysed by the board of Soccer Australia who believed that the recommendations contained therein were not capable of being implemented.
The report recommended, among other things, the reconstitution of the governing body with an interim board headed by prominent businessman Frank Lowy.
Some three months after Lowy's appointment Soccer Australia was placed into liquidation and Australia Soccer Association (ASA) was created without encompassing the Crawford Report recommendations and effectively disenfranchising all parties who had an interest in Soccer Australia.
The move was unanimously endorsed by the AFC Executive Committee on 23 March 2005, and assented by the OFC on 17 April.
FFA hoped that the move would give Australia a fairer chance of qualifying for the FIFA World Cup and allow A-League clubs to compete in the AFC Champions League, thereby improving the standard of Australian football at both international and club levels with improved competition in the region.
In February 2008, FFA formally announced their intention to bid for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, 2022 FIFA World Cup and the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.
In 2010, the decision was made by FFA to withdraw its World Cup bid for 2018, instead focusing on a bid for the 2022 tournament.
FFA failed in its $45.6 million bid for the 2022 World Cup having received only one vote from the FIFA Executive.
In 2013, Australia was admitted as a full member to the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), after they formally joined as an invite affiliation to the regional body in 2006.
In November 2018 with numerous board positions coming to the end of their 3 year term, the bulk of the board of directors were replaced at an annual general meeting, as well as the departure of Steven Lowy as chair of the board, which he did in protest at major changes to the governance and voting structure in the overarching FFA Congress that elects the FFA Board.
Soccer in Australian has used a federated model of national, states and territories governing bodies since the first state body was established in New South Wales in 1882.
Local associations and regional zones were set up within the states and territories as soccer expanded and from time to time informal groups of clubs have augmented the formal structures.
Today, there is one national governing body, nine state and territory member federations and over 100 district, regional and local zones and associations.
AC believed that the copyrights to the original character and stories had lapsed and were now in the public domain, but DC Comics asserted that it owned the rights to the character.
After a near-fatal injury, she was rescued by the great wizard Azagoth who gave her mystical powers (including the ability to become a giantess).
From then onwards she became Nightveil, a being of almost limitless power who combats supernatural villains like The Shroud and the Great God Capricorn.
She has said, however, that even if she had been invited, she would not have been able to make the trip from Texas.
The town and the paper industry have both grown by the Valkeakoski rapids between the lake Mallasvesi in the north and the lake Vanajavesi in the south.
The channel of Valkeakoski was opened in 1869, and the first paper mill was completed in 1873, marking the beginning of a continuing tradition of the forest industry.
The series focuses chiefly on two rival teams: the New Mutants, whose mentor is Danielle Moonstar, and the Hellions, whose mentor is Emma Frost.
At least 45 depowered students were killed and, of the remaining students, Emma Frost picked a select group to train as New X-Men.
As time progressed, several members were added and/or earned the right to be on the team, such as Anole, Armor, Gentle, Pixie and Prodigy.
The rest of the students were instructed to remain on school grounds, some providing assistance to the current X-Men teams and trainees.
Some M-day survivors and depowered students either left the mansion or were killed off during villainous attacks by Stryker and his men, or various other enemies.
Written by Marc Guggenheim and pencilled by Yanick Paquette, it featured a line-up of Blindfold, Dust, Rockslide, Wolf Cub and three new characters: Graymalkin, Ink, and in the second issue, Cipher.
The first arc involved the group being formed by Donald Pierce, who thanks to changes inflicted upon him by the Purifiers, impersonates Cyclops as part of an elaborate plot to kill the young mutants who he sees are the last generation of mutants born prior to M-Day.
In the end, per Blindfold's prediction at the start of the series, Donald Pierce murders Wolf Cub before being captured by the group and taken into custody by the X-Men.
The series is ultimately canceled with issue #12 and many events of the series (such as Dust being mortally wounded during the team's fight with the New Mutants) would be ignored by later writers.
The group has also accepted non-mutant members, such as Broo (a young Brood hatchling who is a pacifist) and Kid Gladiator, the son of X-Men enemy Gladiator.
Another member of the student body is Kid Omega, whose involvement with the school is involuntary in an effort to reform him.
Skylon is a series of designs for a single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane by the British company Reaction Engines Limited (REL), using SABRE, a combined-cycle, air-breathing rocket propulsion system.
The vehicle design is for a hydrogen-fuelled aircraft that would take off from a purpose-built runway, and accelerate to Mach 5.4 at altitude (compared to typical airliners' ) using the atmosphere's oxygen before switching the engines to use the internal liquid oxygen (LOX) supply to take it into orbit.
The relatively light vehicle would then re-enter the atmosphere and land on a runway, being protected from the conditions of re-entry by a ceramic composite skin.
When on the ground, it would undergo inspection and necessary maintenance, with a turnaround time of approximately two days, and be able to complete at least 200 orbital flights per vehicle.
As work on the project has progressed, information has been published on a number of design versions, including A4, C1, C2, and D1.
Testing of the key technologies was successfully completed in November 2012, allowing Skylon's design to advance from its research phase to a development phase.
, an engine test facility was being built at Westcott and if all goes to plan, the first ground-based engine tests could happen in 2020, and SABRE engines could be performing uncrewed test flights by 2025.
In paper studies, the cost per kilogram of payload carried to LEO in this way is hoped to be reduced from the current £1,108/kg (), including research and development, to around £650/kg, with costs expected to fall much more over time after initial expenditures have amortised.
For the first couple of decades the work was privately funded, with public funding beginning in 2009 through a European Space Agency (ESA) contract.
The British government pledged £60 million to the project on 16 July 2013 to allow a prototype of the SABRE engine to be built, contracts for this funding were signed in 2015.
In 1982, when work commenced on the HOTOL by several British companies, there was significant international interest to develop and produce viable reusable launch systems, perhaps the most high-profile of these being the NASA-operated Space Shuttle.
In conjunction with British Aerospace and Rolls-Royce, a promising design emerged to which the British government contributed £2 million towards its refinement; British engineer Alan Bond was amongst the engineers who worked on HOTOL.
Following the setback of HOTOL's cancellation, in 1989 Alan Bond, along with John Scott-Scott and Richard Varvill decided to establish their own company, Reaction Engines Limited, to pursue the development of a viable spaceplane and associated technology using private funding.
Skylon was a clean sheet redesign based on lessons learned during development of HOTOL, the new concept again utilised dual-mode propulsion system, using engines that could combust hydrogen with the external air during atmospheric flight.
Early on, Skylon was promoted by the company to the ESA for its Future European Space Transportation Investigations Programme (FESTIP) initiative, as well as seeking out both government or commercial investment in order to finance the vehicle's development.
REL has also sought to form ties with other companies with the aim of producing an international consortium of interested firms to participate in the Skylon programme.
Whereas HOTOL would have launched from a rocket sled as a weight-saving measure, Skylon is to be equipped with conventional retractable undercarriage.
The rear mounted engine of HOTOL meant that the vehicle possessed intrinsically poor in-flight stability; early attempts to resolve this problem had ended up sacrificing much of HOTOL's payload potential, which in turn contributed to the failure of the overall project.
Skylon's solution to the issue was to position its engines at the end of its wings, which located them further forward and much closer to the vehicle's longitudinal centre of mass, thereby resolving the instability problem.
REL intends ultimately to operate as a for-profit commercial enterprise which, upon the completion of development, shall manufacture Skylon vehicles for multiple international customers who shall operate their fleets directly, while being provided with support from REL.
According to the company, its business plan is to sell vehicles for $1 billion each, for which it has forecast a market for at least 30 Skylons, while recurring costs of just $10 million per flight are predicted to be incurred by operators.
While the REL intends to manufacture some components directly, such as the engine precooler, other components have been designed by partner companies and a consortium of various aerospace firms is expected to handle full production of Skylon.
In service, Skylon could potentially lower the cost of launching satellites which, according to evidence submitted to the UK parliament by REL, is forecast to be around £650/kg; as of 2011, the average launch cost using conventional methods was estimated to be roughly £15,000/kg.
REL has also completed internal studies into the use of Skylon as a launch platform for a network of space-based solar power satellites, which have been historically unfeasible due to high launch costs.
Speaking in June 2011, REL estimated that it would require ultimately $12 billion to achieve an operational configuration, which was then estimated to be achieved around 2020, dependent on funding.
During 2000, REL issued an ultimately unsuccessful request for funding from the British government; according to the government, REL's proposal had involved an offer of a potentially large return on its investment.
During February 2009, following on from a series of extended discussions with the British National Space Centre (which later became the UK Space Agency), it was announced that a major funding agreement had been established between the British National Space Centre, ESA and REL, committing €1 million ($1.28 million) for the purpose of producing a demonstration engine for the Skylon programme by 2011.
The 2009 agreement allowed REL to involve several external companies, including EADS-owned Astrium, the University of Bristol and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), in further development work.
As a consequence of the enactment of the Technology Demonstration Programme, REL was able to transition from a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 2/3 up to 4/5 within a matter of months.
By 2012, according to the UK Space Agency, the funding required to develop and construct the entire craft has not yet been secured; as such, research and development work was at that point mainly focused on the engines alone, which was supported by an ESA grant of €1 million.
In June 2013, George Osborne, previously the Chancellor of the Exchequer, stated that the British government would be giving £60 million towards the further development of the SABRE engine.
In October 2015, British defence conglomerate BAE Systems entered into an agreement with Reaction Engines, under which it would invest £20.6 million in REL to acquire 20% of its share capital, as well as to provide assistance in the development of the SABRE engine.
On 25 September 2017 it was announced that the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) had awarded a contract to Reaction Engines for an undisclosed amount to conduct high-temperature airflow testing at a Colorado, United States site of a Reaction Engines precooler called HTX.
In April 2018, Reaction Engines announced Boeing and Rolls-Royce would be joining BAE Systems as investors in the development of the SABRE engine.
A total of $37.5 million of new funding is to be provided including contributions from Baillie Gifford Asset Management and Woodford Investment Management.
From 2007 to 2009 REL worked with University of Bristol and Airborne Engineering on Project STERN (Static Test Expansion/Deflection Rocket Nozzle), which tested REL's engine ignition system, a REL designed air breathing hydrogen rocket engine, and investigated the flow stability and behaviour of with Dr Neil Taylor's expansion deflection nozzle design via multiple test-firings by Airborne Engineering.
An expansion deflection nozzle is capable of compensating for the changing ambient pressure encountered while gaining altitude during atmospheric flight, thus generating greater thrust and thereby efficiency.
Work on STERN was continued in project STRICT (Static Test Rocket Incorporating Cooled Thrust-chamber), which investigated the stability of the engine's exhaust flow and the dissipation of the generated heat into the engine walls.
Static testing of the engine precooler began in June 2011, marking the start of Phase 3 in the Skylon development programme, In April 2012, REL announced that the first series of the precooler test programme had been successfully completed.
On 10 July 2012, REL announced that the second of three series of tests has been completed successfully, and the final series of tests would begin the following month after the testing facilities had been upgraded to allow testing of temperatures.
On 9 May 2011, REL stated that a preproduction prototype of the Skylon could be flying by 2016, and the proposed route would be a suborbital flight between the Guiana Space Centre near Kourou in French Guiana and the North European Aerospace Test Range, located in northern Sweden.
On 8 December 2011, Alan Bond stated that Skylon would enter into service by 2021–2022 instead of 2020 as previously envisaged.
In November 2012, REL announced that it would commence work upon a three-and-a-half-year project to develop and build a test rig of the Sabre engine to prove its performance across both the air-breathing and rocket modes.
The Skylon is a fully reusable single stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle, able to achieve orbit without staging, which is intended to be used principally as a reusable launch system.
Proponents of the SSTO approach have often claimed that staging involves a number of inherent complications and problems due to complexity, such as being difficult or typically impossible to recover and reuse most elements, thus unavoidably incurring great expense to produce entirely new launch vehicles instead; therefore, they believe that SSTO designs hold the promise of providing a reduction to the high cost of space flights.
It is designed to be comparable with current payload dimensions, and able to support the containerisation of payloads that Reaction Engines envisions being produced in the future.
Using interchangeable payload containers, Skylon could be fitted to carry satellites or fluid cargo into orbit, or, in a specialised habitation module, the latter being capable of housing a maximum of 30 astronauts during a single launch.
Because the SABRE engine uses the atmosphere as reaction mass at low altitude, it will have a high specific impulse (around for SABRE 4, or for SABRE 3), and burn about one fifth of the propellant that would have been required by a conventional rocket.
The weight reduction enabled by the lower quantity of propellant needed meant that the vehicle would not require as much lift or thrust, which in turn permits the use of smaller engines and allows for the use of a conventional wing configuration.
While flying within the atmosphere, the use of wings to counteract gravity drag is more fuel-efficient than simply expelling propellant (as in a rocket), which again serves to reduce the total amount of propellant needed.
The payload fraction would be significantly greater than normal rockets and the vehicle should be fully reusable, capable of performing in excess of 200 launches.
The design of the SABRE engine has drawn heavily upon the STRICT/STERN experimental engines, sharing many features such as the propellant and the adoption of the trialled Expansion Deflection Nozzle, as well as building upon the wider field of liquid air cycle engines (LACE).
The engines are designed to operate much like a conventional jet engine to around , altitude, beyond which the air inlet closes and the engine operates as a highly efficient rocket to orbital speed.
The proposed SABRE engine is not a scramjet, but a jet engine running combined cycles of a precooled jet engine, rocket engine and ramjet.
Originally the key technology for this type of precooled jet engine did not exist, as it required a heat exchanger that was ten times lighter than the state of the art.
Operating an air-breathing jet engine at velocities of up to Mach 5.5 poses numerous engineering problems; several previous engines proposed by other designers have worked well as jet engines, but performed poorly as rockets.
This engine design aims to be a good jet engine within the atmosphere, as well as being an excellent rocket engine outside; however, the conventional problem posed by operating at Mach 5.5 has been that the air coming into the engine rapidly heats up as it is compressed into the engine; due to certain thermodynamic effects, this greatly reduces the thrust that can be produced by burning fuel.
Attempts to avoid these issues have typically resulted in the engine being much heavier (scramjets/ramjets) or has greatly reduced the thrust generated (conventional turbojets/ramjets); in either of these scenarios, the end result would be an engine that possesses a poor thrust to weight ratio at high speeds, which in turn would be too heavy to assist much in reaching orbit.
The SABRE engine design aims to avoid the historic weight-performance issue by using some of the liquid hydrogen fuel to cool helium within a closed-cycle precooler, which quickly reduces the temperature of the air at the inlet.
Once the helium has left the pre-cooler it is further heated by the products of the pre-burner giving it enough energy to drive the turbine and the liquid hydrogen pump.
As a consequence of the air being cooled at all speeds, the jet can be built of light alloys and the weight is roughly halved.
Beyond Mach 5.5, the air would normally become unusably hot despite the cooling; accordingly, the air inlet is closed upon attaining this speed and the engine instead is solely fed via on-board liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuel, as in a traditional rocket.
The fuselage of the Skylon is expected to be a silicon carbide reinforced titanium space frame; a light and strong structure that supports the weight of the aluminium fuel tanks and to which the ceramic skin is attached.
Multiple layers of titanium foil thermal insulation are sandwiched between the skin and frame to protect the inside of Skylon from the heat of hypersonic flight and the intense heat of re-entry.
Due to the vehicle's use of a low-density fuel in the form of liquid hydrogen, a great volume is required to contain enough energy to reach orbit.
The propellant is intended to be kept at low pressure to minimise stress; a vehicle that is both large and light has an advantage during atmospheric reentry compared to other vehicles due to a low ballistic coefficient.
Because of the low ballistic coefficient, Skylon would be slowed at higher altitudes where the air is thinner; as a consequence, the skin of the vehicle would reach only .
In contrast, the smaller Space Shuttle was heated to on its leading edge, and so employed an extremely heat-resistant but fragile silica thermal protection system.
The Skylon design does not require such an approach, instead opting for using a far thinner yet durable reinforced ceramic skin; however, due to turbulent flow around the wings during re-entry, some sections of the vehicle shall need to be provided with active cooling systems.
The Skylon shall possess a retractable undercarriage, equipped with high pressure tyres and water-cooled brakes; if any difficulties were to occur just before a take-off, the brakes would be applied to stop the vehicle, the water boiling away to dissipate the heat.
During a normal landing, the empty vehicle would be far lighter, and hence the water would not be required, so upon a successful take-off, the of water would be jettisoned.
When this feature was introduced in the C1 model of the design the weight of the brakes was reduced from around .
When on the ground, it would undergo inspection and necessary maintenance, with a turnaround time of approximately two days, and be able to complete at least 200 orbital flights per vehicle.
The Shin Meiwa PS-1 and US-1A () is a large STOL aircraft designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and air-sea rescue (SAR) work respectively by Japanese aircraft manufacturer Shin Meiwa.
The PS-1 anti-submarine warfare (ASW) variant is a flying boat which carried its own beaching gear on board, while the search-and-rescue (SAR) orientated US-1A is a true amphibian.
The company, believing that their design was capable of regular use upon the open sea, petitioned the Japanese military to acquire the type as a maritime patrol aircraft (MPA).
Following the demonstration of a converted Grumman HU-16 Albatross testbed aircraft, referred to as the UF-XS, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) awarded Shin Meiwa a contract in 1966 to further develop its design via two further prototypes, which were designated PS-X.
During 1969, the JMSDF placed the first order for an eventual fleet of 21 ASW aircraft, designated PS-1; orders for the SAR variant, designated US-1A, were also issued during the 1970s.
Shin Meiwa were keen to develop additional variants and derivative aircraft, including substantially lager designs which they had studied, but many of these ambitions remained as paper projects only.
During the 1980s, the JMSDF decided to adopt land-based Lockheed P-3 Orions, displacing the PS-1s from the ASW role and leading to the variant's retirement during 1989.
Following the withdrawal of the last active US-1A in 2017, the type has been replaced by the ShinMaywa US-2, a modernised variant.
Following the end of the Second World War and the start of the Occupation of Japan, a ban on aircraft manufacturing imposed during December 1945 required Japan's aircraft industry to find other work.
During the 1950s, the emergence of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union led to the aircraft construction ban being rescinded; Shin Meiwa, which had turned to heavy machinery and engine manufacturing for the intervening years, decided to resurrect their old aircraft works.
Initially, the company focused on smaller efforts, such as subcontracting work, the production of drop tanks, and performing airframe overhauls of both Japanese and American aircraft, such as the US Navy's Martin P5M Marlin flying boats.
However, senior figures, such as chief aircraft designer Shizo Kikuhara and founder Ryuzo Kawanishi were keen to pursue projects of a greater scope.
During the early 1950s, Kawanishi had formed a committee headed by Kikuhara which was tasked with developing seaplane designs that would feature greater seaworthiness.
Unlike most seaplanes, they held the ambitious aim of producing an aircraft that could land upon rough seas and encounter little impact from waves and spray.
Two years later Kikuhara, who now headed up the company's Amphibian Development Division, was lobbying the Japanese Defense Agency to consider the adoption of a flying boat to meet the nation's requirement for a anti-submarine warfare (ASW) patrol aircraft.
Crucial support came from the US Navy, who were keen to see Japan's ASW capabilities expand to help track and contain the growing Soviet submarine presence in the Pacific.
The converted flying boat featured numerous adaptations, including a novel boundary layer control system to provide enhanced Short Takeoff/Landing (STOL) performance, while the Albatross's two Wright R-1820 radial engines were supplemented by two Pratt & Whitney R-1340 radial engines on the aircraft's wings, with an additional General Electric T58 turboshaft inside the aircraft's hull to drive the boundary layer control system.
The UF-XS also featured a new T-tail arrangement, hull-based deflectors, and a rounded stubby nose, the latter of which resembled that of the P5M Marlin.
From 1962 onwards, the UF-XS performed numerous test flights, demonstrating the improved features which enabled a flying boat to both land and take-off from the open ocean; these tests were closely followed and critiqued by the Japanese military.
In addition to Shin Meiwa, other Japanese companies, such as Fuji Heavy Industries and NIPPI Corporation, also played major roles in the PS-X's development.
The adaptions resulted in significant seaworthiness improvements; during tests conducted in the Kii Channel during 1968, the PS-X successfully landed amid formidable four-meter waves, despite these being in excess of its design goal of three meters.
The capability of contemporary sonar units meant that it was impossible to track submerged vessels while airborne; instead, a submarine hunter would have to land to use a dipping sonar or deploy a sonobuoy.
The programme soon became politically controversial as its relatively small production run had resulted in an extremely high unit-cost for these aircraft, largely due to the inherent costs involved in the development of brand new aircraft designs.
For its part, Shin Meiwa made efforts to commercialise design elements of the aircraft, such as its hydraulics and engine control systems; it successfully exported its roll dampening technology to multiple aircraft companies.
By deleting much of the PS-1's military equipment, room was freed up to provide the aircraft with a greater fuel capacity, workable landing gear, and rescue equipment.
The US-1A was Japan's first amphibian, being capable of being used upon both the land and sea, which meant that it could transfer survivors to land facilities via ambulance more quickly.
First flown on October 15, 1974, it was accepted into service during the following year, and eventually 19 aircraft were purchased.
From the seventh aircraft on, an uprated version of the original engine was used, all aircraft were eventually modified to this US-1A standard.
During the 1990s, by which point the US-1A fleet was beginning to show its age, the JMSDF attempted to obtain funding towards acquiring a replacement, but could not secure enough to develop an entirely new aircraft.
This aircraft features numerous aerodynamic refinements and modernised systems, along with a pressurised hull, and the adoption of more powerful Rolls-Royce AE 2100 engines.
In 1977, Shin Meiwa revealed that it had several ideas for its STOL flying boat concept on the drawing board, but ultimately none of these were ever built.
Unlike the Shin Meiwa LA and MA which were like the US-1 in design, the Shin Meiwa MS and GS had their engines located in front of and above the wing to take advantage of the Coandă effect.
Between 1971 and 1978, the JMSDF inducted a total of 21 PS-1 flying boats; starting in 1973, these were operated as Fleet Air Wing 31.
The PS-1 ASW variant carried homing torpedoes, depth charges and 127mm Zuni rockets as offensive armament, but lacked any defensive weapons.
It was equipped with dipping sonar, which had limited use as it required the aircraft to land on water to deploy.
On a typical ASW mission, a PS-1 would range over hundreds of square miles of ocean, landing between 12 and 16 times to dip its sonar.
The type was capable of numerous feats, such as being able to routinely land in seas with waves of up to in height.
Apart from the boundary layer control system, which was powered by an independent gas turbine housed within the fuselage, the aircraft had a number of other innovative features, including a system to suppress spray during water handling, and directing the propwash from the aircraft's four turboprop engines over its wings to create yet more lift.
During 1976, a single PS-1 was experimentally modified to perform aerial firefighting missions; it possessed an internal capacity of of water.
During the 1980s, the JMSDF decided to replace the PS-1 in the ASW role with land-based Lockheed P-3 Orions; the last examples of the ASW variant were phased out of service in 1989.
Despite having been envisioned largely to perform air-sea rescues of military personnel, the US-1A has mostly been involved in civilian assistance operations.
Between 1976 and 1999, Japan's US-1A fleet has reported been used in over 500 rescues and were responsible for the saving of 550 lives.
According to aviation periodical Air International, a total of 827 people have been rescued by US-1s since the type had entered service during 1976.
Genetic sexual attraction is a concept in which a strong sexual attraction may develop between close blood relatives who first meet as adults.
She developed sexual feelings for her son when she met him after he was adopted away, but he did not want to be part of any such contact.
Because many traits are at least partially determined by genetics, genetic sexual attraction is presumed, according to those who believe in the concept, to occur as a consequence of genetic relatives meeting as adults, typically as a consequence of adoption.
Incest is extremely rare between people raised together in early childhood due to a reverse sexual imprinting known as the Westermarck effect, which desensitizes them to later close sexual attraction.
Although reported frequently as anecdote in the field of psychology, there are no studies showing that people are sexually attracted to those genetically similar to them.
While it has been documented that sexual attraction can occur between related individuals in some cases, it is not clear that calling this attraction GSA is appropriate.
She also expressed that many news outlets have handled reports of the subject poorly by repeating what the defenders of the hypothesis have said as opposed to actually looking into the research on the supposed phenomenon.
Macriani is the name of three Roman usurpers - a father and two sons - who tried to gain the Roman throne from Emperor Gallienus.
Written in time, the danzón is a slow, formal partner dance, requiring set footwork around syncopated beats, and incorporating elegant pauses while the couples stand listening to virtuoso instrumental passages, as characteristically played by a charanga or tipica ensemble.
The contradanza, which had English and French roots in the country dance and contredanse, was probably introduced to Cuba by the Spanish, who ruled the island for almost four centuries (1511–1898), contributing many thousands of immigrants.
It may also have been partially seeded during the short-lived British occupation of Havana in 1762, and Haitian refugees fleeing the island's revolution of 1791–1804 brought the French-Haitian kontradans, contributing their own Creole syncopation.
In Cuba, the dances of European origin acquired new stylistic features derived from African rhythm and dance to produce a genuine fusion of European and African influences.
Danzón went on to interact with 20th-century Cuban genres such as son, and through the danzón-mambo it was instrumental in the development of mambo and cha-cha-chá.
This style of danzón was performed at carnival comparsas by black groups: it is described that way before the late 1870s.
The dancers do not dance during these sections: they choose partners, stroll onto the dance floor, and begin to dance at precisely the same moment: the fourth beat of bar four of the paseo, which has a distinctive percussion pattern that's hard to miss.
When the introduction is repeated the dancers stop, chat, flirt, greet their friends, and start again, right on time as the paseo finishes.
They had several brass instruments (cornet, valve trombone, ophicleide), a clarinet or two, a violin or two and tympani (kettle drums).
Charanga and típicas competed with each other for years, but after 1930 it was clear that the days of the típica were over.
Similar to other dances in the Caribbean and Latin America, the danzón was initially regarded as scandalous, especially when it began to be danced by all classes of society.
The slower rhythm of the danzón led to couples dancing closer, with sinuous movements of the hips and a lower centre of gravity.
The author of a survey of prostitution in Havana devoted a whole chapter to the iniquities of dancing, and the danzón in particular.
The danzón became hugely popular, and was the dominant popular music in Cuba until the advent of the son in the 1920s.
This was a swinging section, consisting of a repeated musical phrase, which introduced something of the son into the danzón (a tactic which was to recur again).
From the 1940s to the 1960s danzón and its derivatives were highly popular in Cuba, with several truly fine charangas playing most days of the week.
Orquesta Aragón kept up an exceptionally high standard for many years, but the danzón itself gradually dropped out, and is now a relic dance.
Danzón has never ceased to influence Cuban musicians, and it is reflected in many popular Cuban music genres, in Cuban Latin jazz, salsa, songo and timba, the latter building upon the charanga orchestration.
Their make-up and orchestration (by Juan Formell) has been so greatly altered that it is difficult to identify traces of danzón; indeed, their present styles owe more to son than to danzón.
Danzón was also very popular in the Gulf Coast state of Veracruz, Mexico, because of the strong Cuban influence in the region.
Danzón also flourished in the city of Oaxaca, and many famous danzones were composed by Oaxacan musicians such as the famous Nereidas and Teléfono de larga distancia, both works of Amador Pérez Dimas, from the town of Zaachila, near Oaxaca city.
Today, people still dance danzón in Mexico, particularly in the main plazas of Veracruz, Oaxaca and Mexico City, and in yearly festivals across Mexico.
The danzón was the first written music to be based on the organizing principle of sub-Saharan African rhythm, known in Cuba as clave.
A danzón-chá or danzón-mambo typically add another part (D), a syncopated open vamp in which soloists may sometimes improvise, creating an ABACD or, more common, ABACAD.
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands which lie in Torres Strait, the waterway separating far northern continental Australia's Cape York Peninsula and the island of New Guinea.
Lieutenant James Cook first claimed British sovereignty over the eastern part of Australia at Possession Island in 1770; however British administrative control only began in the Torres Strait Islands in 1862.
The islands are now mostly part of Queensland, a constituent State of the Commonwealth of Australia, but they are administered by the Torres Strait Regional Authority, a statutory authority of the Australian federal government.
A few islands very close to the coast of mainland New Guinea belong to the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, most importantly Daru Island with the provincial capital, Daru.
The population of the Torres Strait Islands was recorded at 4,514 in the 2016 Australian census, with 91.8% of these identifying as Indigenous Torres Strait Islander people.
Although counted as Indigenous peoples of Australia, Torres Strait Islander people, being predominantly Melanesian, are ethnically, culturally and linguistically different from Aboriginal Australians.
The Indigenous inhabitants of the Torres Strait Islands are the Torres Strait Islanders, an ethnically Melanesian people who also inhabited the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula and who are ethnically and linguistically distinct from the Australian Aboriginals.
British administrative control began in the Torres Strait Islands in 1862, with the appointment of John Jardine, police magistrate at Rockhampton, as Government Resident in the Torres Straits.
Yumplatok (also known as Torres Strait Creole and Broken) is a contemporary Torres Strait Island language spoken in the Torres Strait.
The contact with missionaries and others since the 1800s has led to the development of a pidgin language, which transitioned into a creole language and now has its own distinctive sound system, grammar, vocabulary, usage and meaning.
Torres Strait Creole is spoken by most Torres Strait Islanders and is a mixture of Standard Australian English and traditional languages.
Torres Strait Creole is also spoken on the Australian mainland, including Northern Peninsula Area Region and coastal communities such as Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton and Brisbane.
In 1872 the boundary of Queensland was extended to include Thursday Island and other islands in Torres Strait within 60 miles of the Queensland coast.
They thus became part of the British colony of Queensland and (after 1901) of the Australian state of Queensland - although some of them lie just off the coast of New Guinea.
He also established Native Police but the only island on which the Native Police were armed was Saibai where they were provided with Snider carbines to repel the attacks of the Tugeri, the headhunters who raided the islands from the New Guinea coast.
In 1898–1899 the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition led by Alfred Cort Haddon visited the Torres Strait Islands, and collected and took about 2000 cultural artefacts, ostensibly to save them from destruction by missionaries.
However, a process of electing island councils had been initiated in 1899 by John Douglas, aimed at loosening the stranglehold of the missionaries.
From 1960 to 1973 Margaret Lawrie captured some of the Torres Strait Islander people's culture by recording the retelling of local myths and legends.
Her anthropological work, stored at the State Library of Queensland, has recently been recognised and registered with the Australian UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.
The proximity of the islands to Papua New Guinea became an issue when it started moving towards independence from Australia, which it gained in 1975.
The Papua New Guinea government objected to the position of the border close to the New Guinean mainland and the subsequent complete Australian control over the waters of the strait.
The Australian Federal government wished to cede the northern islands to appease Papua New Guinea, but were opposed by the Queensland government and Queensland Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen.
Eventually an agreement was struck whereby the islands and their inhabitants remained Australian, but the maritime boundary between Australia and Papua New Guinea runs through the centre of the strait.
In 1982, Eddie Mabo and four other Torres Strait Islanders from Mer (Murray Island) started legal proceedings to establish their traditional land-ownership.
In 1992, after ten years of hearings before the Queensland Supreme Court and the High Court of Australia, the latter court found that Mer people had owned their land prior to annexation by Queensland.
In March 2008 fifteen Torres Strait Islander Councils were amalgamated into a single body to form a Torres Strait Island Regional Council, or Torres Strait Island Region, created by the Queensland Government in the interest of financial viability, and accountability and transparency of local Governments throughout the State.
It is administered from Thursday Island, but Thursday, Horn Island, Prince of Wales Island and many others are under the Shire of Torres council.
The strait from Cape York to New Guinea has a width of approximately at its narrowest point; the islands lie scattered in between, extending some from furthest east to furthest west.
The Torres Strait itself was previously a land bridge which connected the present-day Australian continent with New Guinea (in a single landmass called Sahul, Meganesia, Australia-New Guinea).
This land bridge was most recently submerged by rising sea levels at the end of the last ice-age glaciation approximately 12,000 years ago, forming the Strait which now connects the Arafura and Coral seas.
Many of the western Torres Strait Islands are the remaining peaks of this land bridge which were not completely submerged when the ocean levels rose.
The islands and their surrounding waters and reefs provide a highly diverse set of land and marine ecosystems, with niches for many rare or unique species.
Marine animals of the islands include dugongs (an endangered species of sea mammal widely found throughout the Indian Ocean and tropical Western Pacific, including Papua-New Guinean and Australian waters), as well as green, ridley, hawksbill and flatback sea turtles.
The Torres Strait Islands may be grouped into five distinct clusters, which exhibit differences of geology and formation as well as location.
The Torres Strait provides a habitat for numerous birds, including the Torresian imperial-pigeon, which is seen as the iconic national emblem to the islanders.
These islands are also a distinct physiographic section of the larger Cape York Platform province, which in turn is part of the larger East Australian Cordillera physiographic division.
The islands in this cluster lie very close to the southwestern coastline of New Guinea (the closest is less than offshore).
Saibai (one of the largest of the Torres Strait Islands) and Boigu (one of the Talbot Islands) are low-lying islands which were formed by deposition of sediments and mud from New Guinean rivers into the Strait accumulating on decayed coral platforms.
The other main island in this group, Dauan (Mt Cornwallis), is a smaller island with steep hills, composed largely of granite.
This island actually represents the northernmost extent of the Great Dividing Range, the extensive series of mountain ranges which runs along almost the entire eastern coastline of Australia.
The islands in this cluster lie south of the Strait's midway point, and are also largely high granite hills with mounds of basaltic outcrops, formed from old peaks of the now submerged land bridge.
Moa (Banks Island) is the second-largest in the Torres Strait, and Badu (Mulgrave Island) is slightly smaller and fringed with extensive mangrove swamps.
Culturally this was the most complex part of Torres Strait, containing three of the four groupings/dialects of the Western-central Islanders, Nagi being culturally/linguistically a Central Island (Kulkalaig territory, specifically part of Waraber tribal waters), Moa is part of the Muwalaig-Italaig-Kaiwalaig [Kauraraig/Kaurareg] tribal areas, with two groups, the Italaig of the south, and the Muwalaig of the north.
These islands, also known as the Thursday Island group, lie closest to Cape York Peninsula, and their topography and geological history is very similar.
Muralag (Prince of Wales Island) is the largest of the Strait's islands, and forms the centre of this closely grouped cluster.
Several of these islands have permanent freshwater springs, and some were also mined for gold in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Nurupai Horn Island holds the region's airport, and as a result is something of an entrepôt with inhabitants drawn from many other communities.
Kiriri (Hammond Island) is the other permanently settled island of this group; Tuined (Possession Island) is noted for Lt. James Cook's landing there in 1770.
This cluster is more widely distributed in the middle of Torres Strait, consisting of many small sandy cays surrounded by coral reefs, similar to those found in the nearby Great Barrier Reef.
The more northerly islands in this group however, such as Gerbar (Two Brothers) and Iama (Yam Island), are high basaltic outcrops, not cays.
The low-lying inhabited coral cays, such as Poruma (Coconut Island), Warraber Island and Masig (Yorke Island) are mostly less than long, and no wider than .
The islands of this group (principally Mer (Murray Island), Dauar and Waier, with Erub Island and Stephens Island (Ugar) further north) are formed differently from the rest.
The TSRA has an elected board comprising 20 representatives from the Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal communities resident in the Torres Strait region.
The TSRA itself falls under the portfolio responsibilities of the Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (previously under the Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs).
The TSRA now represents the local communities at both Commonwealth and State levels; previously, State representation operated via a Queensland statutory authority called the Island Coordinating Council (ICC).
In March 2008 fifteen Torres Strait Islander Councils were amalgamated into a single body to form a Torres Strait Island Regional Council, or Torres Strait Island Region, created by the Queensland Government in the interest of financial viability, and accountability and transparency of local Governments throughout the State.
It is administered from Thursday Island, but Thursday, Horn Island, Prince of Wales Island and many others are under the Shire of Torres council.
One is the Shire of Torres, which governs several islands and portions of Cape York Peninsula and operates as a Queensland local government area.
Torres Strait Islanders, the Indigenous peoples of the islands, are predominantly Melanesians, culturally most akin to the coastal peoples of Papua New Guinea.
Thus they are regarded as being distinct from Aboriginal peoples of Australia, and are generally referred to separately, despite ongoing historical trade and inter-marriage with mainland Aboriginal people.
According to the 2016 Australian census figures, the population of the Torres Strait Islands was 4,514, of whom 4,144 (91.8%) were Torres Strait Islanders.
According to the Torres Strait Treaty, residents of Papua New Guinea are permitted to visit the Torres Strait Islands for traditional purposes.
The two indigenous languages are the Western-Central Torres Strait Language (called by various names, including Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Kalaw Kawaw Ya, Kulkalgau Ya and Kaiwaligau Ya), and the Eastern Torres Language Meriam Mir.
Another language, Torres Strait Creole, also known as Brokan and Yumplatok, is used throughout Torres Strait, in neighbouring Papua as far as the West Papuan border area, and Cape York, as well as in many island communities in mainland Australia.
The Torres Strait Islands are threatened by rising sea levels, especially those islands which do not rise more than above sea level.
The banana plant leaf disease black sigatoka, the major banana disease worldwide, is endemic to Papua New Guinea and the Torres Strait Islands.
The introduction of Christianity through the London Missionary Society, beginning in 1871, had a profound influence, but before that time the musical culture reflected the cultural and geographic diversity of the Strait.
Like many other thrushes, they forage on leaf litter below forest undergrowth and fly into trees when disturbed and sit still making them difficult to locate.
Mostly black on the upper parts it has a long white supercilium, and white tips to the wing coverts, tertials, rump and tail.
Females and young birds have the same basic pattern, but the black is replaced by dark brown, and the white by light brown.
The bill is not as strongly curved as that of the dark-sided thrush or the long-billed thrush and the female lacks the prominent pale cheek spot of the similar looking female Siberian thrush.
Ward who worked in the Madras Civil Service, posted for sometime at Sirsi and was known for his natural history studies and artistic talent.
Although rare, they are locally and seasonally seen regularly at certain locations in winter such as at Victoria Park in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka, where a number of birds gather by the stream early in the morning or in some hills stations in southern India such as Nandi Hills and Yercaud.
They forage alone or in pairs, often seen on the ground but flying into the trees and perching still when disturbed.
The breeding season is May to July and the nest is a deep cup lined with grass and cemented with mud and placed in a low tree fork.
Their song is not considered as musical as those of many others thrushes and consists of a series of squeaky notes followed by short trills.
It argues that affluent persons are morally obligated to donate far more resources to humanitarian causes than is considered normal in Western cultures.
The essay was inspired by the starvation of Bangladesh Liberation War refugees, and uses their situation as an example, although Singer's argument is general in scope and not limited to the example of Bangladesh.
One of the core arguments of this essay is that, if one can use one's wealth to reduce suffering—for example, by aiding famine-relief efforts—without any significant reduction in the well-being of oneself or others, it is immoral not to do so.
It makes no difference whether the person I can help is a neighbor's child ten yards away from me or a Bengali whose name I shall never know, ten thousand miles away.
From the moral point of view, the prevention of the starvation of millions of people outside our society must be considered at least as pressing as the upholding of property norms within our society.
The affluent, says Singer, are consistently guilty of failing to recognize this, having large amounts of surplus wealth that they do not use to aid humanitarian projects in developing nations.
The drowning child analogy featured in the paper formed the basis of choral music that has been performed by Södra Latin Chamber Choir (conducted by Jan Risberg) and Choate Chamber Chorus.
June Palmer began work as a topless dancer at the Windmill Theatre in London, and started modelling professionally in the late-1950s.
Although she stopped modelling for magazines in 1970, Palmer continued to do some private modelling for London's various camera clubs until 1987.
In the 1960s they had started and run Strobe Studios in Clapham, South London, an LCC licensed model agency and photographic studio, which advertised in many of the photographic magazines such as Practical Photography.
Strobe rented out their studio space to amateur and professional photographers, and provided them with the glamour models who were on Strobe’s books as photographic subjects.
Mary Millington (at that time using her married name Mary Maxted), Carole Augustine and Ava Cadell all worked as models for Strobe Studios in the early 1970s.
It is situated on Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site and its picturesque cliffs, including Beer Head, form part of the South West Coast Path.
Beer is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, at which time it was located within Colyton hundred and had 28 households.
It is a pretty coastal village that grew up around a smugglers' cove and caves which were once used to store contraband goods.
The shape of the coastline allowed local seafarers to operate in weather conditions when other towns could not, because it is protected from the prevailing westerly winds by Beer Head and the chalk cliffs which are the westernmost outcrop of limestone on the southwest coast.
Beer is also the home of the Pecorama (run by the Peco model railway manufacturer), which includes pleasure gardens and the Beer Heights Light Railway.
This stone has been prized since Roman times, because of its workability for carving and for its gentle yellow colour on exposure to air.
Beer stone was used in the construction of 24 cathedrals around the UK, including Exeter Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral, and was also used in the building of Christchurch Cathedral, St.Louis.
Starre House, the oldest house in Beer is built using the local Beer stone that has been quarried since Roman times.
The Beer microbes were placed on the European Space Agency's (ESA) Technology Exposure Facility and were sent up still sitting on, and in, small chunks of cliff rock from the Jurassic Coast.
This was part of an experiment to study the survival of microbes (which naturally live on the stone) in extreme conditions.
A new species of cyanobacteria was isolated at the Open University that could be used in future space settlements on the Moon and Mars to produce oxygen and break down rocks.
Jason Loewenstein (born July 20, 1971) is an American alternative rock singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, producer, and a member of the indie-rock bands Sebadoh, The Fiery Furnaces, and Circle of Buzzards.
The touring band for that record included Bob D'Amico, who would later join Jason in playing with the Fiery Furnaces in addition to forming Circle of Buzzards with him in 2008, as well as eventually joining Sebadoh when they reformed in 2011.
In late 2016 it was announced that Jason would be releasing a new solo record on Joyful Noise Recordings titled Spooky Action.
The album was promoted partly through a tour of small DIY house shows throughout the South and the Midwest with a backing band featuring Bob D'Amico and Matthew Friedberger, which were incredible.
From August 2005 to the present, Jason has performed and recorded with the Brooklyn-based band The Fiery Furnaces, playing bass and guitar.
ENSAE Paris (officially École nationale de la statistique et de l'administration économique Paris) is a French grande école of engineering and a member of ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology).
It is one of France's top schools of economics, statistics, data science and machine learning and is directly attached to France's Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) and the French Ministry of Economy and Finance.
Students are given a proficient training both in economics and statistics and they can specialize in macroeconomics, microeconomics, statistics or finance.
The ENSAE was established in 1942 under the National Statistics Service (ancestor of the INSEE, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) under the name of the School of Applied Statistics.
The decree of 2 November 1960 changed the name of the school into the National School of Statistics and Economic Administration.
The decree of 15 April 1971 clarified the administrative status and the objective of the school in the academic field, definitely making the ENSAE a Grande Ecole.
In 2006, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin announced officially the moving of the school to the new ParisTech Campus in Palaiseau, near the École Polytechnique in 2010.
Included in the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) under the tutelage of Ministry of the Economy, Industry and Employment, ENSAE provides training for statisticians-economists, some of which are civil servants belonging to the Corps des Administrateurs de l'INSEE, a category of top level public managers in the French administration.
Economists and statisticians trained are intended to contribute to the economic research; former students hold positions within international organizations (UN, IMF, World Bank, European Commission,…) and French administration or other public institutions (Ministry of Economy, INSEE, CREST,…).
The school has several partnerships and agreements with other academic institutions where students can complete their curriculum during their specialization year.
A large and growing number of students chose to do such dual degree program in order to get an additional Master of Science, MBA or PhD degree from renowned institutions in the area of economics, finance, statistics and applied Mathematics where its cursus is one of the best: Harvard, Columbia, Humboldt University of Berlin, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, etc.
The ENSAE also has a partnership with Sciences Po Paris, allowing its students to pursue both curriculum at the same time and get an additional master's degree from Sciences Po.
ENSAE is member of ParisTech, the excellence engineering cluster gathering the best parisian Grandes Ecoles in each area of engineering: X, AgroParisTech, ENGREF, Ponts, ESPCI, Mines, ENSTA, ENSAM, Télécom Paris, Chimie ParisTech.
Former ENSAE graduates work mainly in Data Science and Machine learning, but also in finance, management, consulting, economic analysis and research (in economics and statistics).
About 10% of the recent alumni work in the public sector, the remaining works in capital markets (25%), insurance (25%), consulting (15%) or other industry sectors.
They are hired by tech firms, financial firms such as banks, insurers or hedge funds for their technical expertise in Data Science, Machine learning, finance, mathematics, economics and statistics.
He graduated from a local gymnasium and in 1910 he was accepted as a student of the faculty of economy of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
However, the death of his father and the poor financial situation of his family forced him to abandon his studies and return to Stanislau.
After the outbreak of World War I he fought with his unit against the Imperial Russian Army in the battles of Rzeszów, Dukla Pass and Gorlice.
In November 1918, after Poland regained its independence Sosabowski volunteered for the newly formed Polish Army, but his wounds were still not healed and he was rejected as a front-line officer.
After the Polish-Soviet War Sosabowski was promoted to Major and in 1922 he started his studies at the Higher Military School in Warsaw.
Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, in 1928 he was finally assigned to a front-line unit, the 75th Infantry Regiment, as commanding officer of a battalion.
In 1937 Sosabowski was promoted to colonel and became the commanding officer of the 9th Polish Legions Infantry Regiment stationed in Zamość.
Shortly before the German invasion of Poland started his unit was moved from its garrison in the Warsaw Citadel to the area of Ciechanów, where it was planned as a strategic reserve of the Modlin Army.
On 2 September the division was moved towards Mława and in the early morning of the following day it entered combat in the Battle of Mława.
Although the 21st Regiment managed to capture Przasnysz and its secondary objectives, the rest of the division was surrounded by the Wehrmacht and destroyed.
The routed 8th Division was being reconstructed, but the 21st Regiment was attached to the corps led by general Juliusz Zulauf.
Instantly upon arrival, Sosabowski was ordered to man the Grochów and the Kamionek defensive area and defend Praga, the eastern borough of Warsaw, against the German 10th Infantry Division.
When the general assault on Praga started on 16 September, the 21st Infantry Regiment managed to repel the attacks of German 23rd Infantry Regiment and then successfully counter-attacked and destroyed the enemy unit.
Despite constant bombardment and German attacks repeated every day, Sosabowski managed to hold his objectives at relatively low cost in manpower.
On 26 September 1939, the forces led by Sosabowski bloodily repelled the last German attack, but two days later Warsaw capitulated.
On 29 September, shortly before the Polish forces left Warsaw for German captivity, General Juliusz Rómmel awarded Col. Sosabowski and the whole 21st Infantry Regiment with the Virtuti Militari medal.
After a long trip through Hungary and Romania, he arrived in Paris, where the Polish government in exile assigned him to the Polish 4th Infantry Division as the commanding officer of infantry.
In April 1940, the division was moved to a training camp in Parthenay and was finally handed the weapons awaited since January, but it was already too late to organise the division.
On 19 June 1940, Sosabowski with approximately 6,000 Polish soldiers arrived at La Pallice, whence they were evacuated to Great Britain.
Upon his arrival in London, Sosabowski turned up at the Polish General Staff and was assigned to 4th Rifles Brigade that was to become a core of the future 4th Infantry Division.
The unit was to be composed mainly of Polish Canadians, but it soon became apparent that there were not enough young Poles in Canada from which to create a division.
In September 1943, Lieutenant-General Frederick Browning proposed that Sosabowski reform his unit into a division and fill the remaining posts with British troops.
The Brigade requested to be dropped by parachute into Warsaw to aid their comrades from the underground Polish Home Army, who were fighting a desperate battle against overwhelming odds.
However, the distance was too great for the transport aircraft to make a round trip and access to Soviet airfields was denied.
Finally, Polish Commander in Chief Kazimierz Sosnkowski put the Brigade under British command, and the plan to send it to Warsaw was abandoned.
It was not until after the war that General Sosabowski learnt that his son, , a medic and member of the Kedyw, had sustained injuries during the uprising.
Among Sosabowski's concerns were the poorly conceived drop zones at Arnhem, the long distances between the landing zones and Arnhem Bridge and that the area would contain a greater German presence than British intelligence believed.
Despite Sosabowski's concerns, which were echoed by many Allied commanders, along with warnings from the Dutch Resistance that two SS Panzer Division were in the operations area, Market Garden proceeded as planned.
A small part of the brigade with Sosabowski was parachuted near Driel on 19 September, but the rest of the brigade arrived only on 21 September at the distant town of Grave, falling directly on the waiting guns of the Germans camped in the area.
The brigade's artillery was dropped with the British 1st Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General Roy Urquhart, while the howitzers were to arrive by sea, which prevented the brigade from being deployed effectively.
Unfortunately, the ferry they hoped to use had been disabled and the Poles attempted the river crossing in small rubber boats came under heavy fire.
He proposed that the combined forces of XXX Corps, under Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, and the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade should start an all-out assault on the German positions and try to break through the Rhine.
This plan was not accepted, and during the last phase of the battle, on 25 and 26 September, Sosabowski led his men southwards, shielding the retreat of the remnants of the 1st Airborne Division.
Like many other Polish wartime officers and soldiers who were unable to return to Communist Poland he settled in West London.
In The Hague, on 31 May 2006, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands awarded the Military Order of William to the 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade.
In part this was the result of a Dutch TV documentary depicting the brigade as having played a far more significant role in Market Garden than had been hitherto acknowledged.
In this film by Geertjan Lassche, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands said the Poles deserved to be honoured with at least a medal.
The following day, on 1 June, a ceremony was held at Driel, the town where the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade fought.
In the summer of 2012 1st Airborne Major Tony Hibbert made a video appeal for Sosabowski to be pardoned and honoured.
The city is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Babur who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor.
Andijan also gained notoriety in 2005 when government forces opened fire on protestors, killing hundreds in what came to be known as the Andijan Massacre.
Manufactured goods produced in the city include chemicals, domestic appliances, electronics, foodstuffs, furniture, plows, pumps, shoes, spare parts for farming machines, various engineering tools, and wheelchairs.
Andijan is one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley.Marhamat city of Andijan The ruins of Ershi, the capital of the Davan (Parkana) state, with more than 70 cities with a rich and dense population of the V - IV and IV centuries BC.
The city is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Babur who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor.
Andijan was the center and flashpoint of the Andijan Uprising of 1898 in which the followers of Sufi leader Madali Ishan attacked the Russian barracks in the city, killing 22 and injuring 16-20 more.
On 16 December 1902, much of the city was leveled by a severe earthquake which destroyed up to 30,000 homes in the region and killed as many as 4,500 residents.
After Soviet rule was established in Andijan in 1917, the city quickly became an important industrial city in the Uzbek SSR.
During the Soviet demarcation of Central Asia, Andijan was separated from its historical hinterland as the Ferghana Valley was divided among three separate Soviet republics.
Of the Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi-occupied Poland and banished by the Soviets to Siberia and Central Asia, some relocated to Andijan starting in 1941.
The town, and the region as a whole, suffered a severe economic decline following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
On 13 May 2005, Uzbekistan's military opened fire on a mass of people who were protesting against poor living conditions and corrupt government.
The Uzbek government at first stated that the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan organized the unrest and that the protesters were members of Hizb ut-Tahrir.
Critics have argued that the radical Islamist label has been just a pretext for maintaining a repressive regime in the country.
The Uzbek government eventually acknowledged that poor economic conditions in the region and popular resentment played a role in the uprising.
Food: Andijan is also known with fascinating dishes, one of the most popular food is Plov also known (Osh) in the local language.
However, Andijan is also known for its dance called Andijan polka and it has been reported that this dance history goes all the way back to the old centuries.
Manufactured goods produced in the city include chemicals, domestic appliances, electronics, foodstuffs, furniture, plows, pumps, shoes, spare parts for farming machines, various engineering tools, and wheelchairs.
The city is also home to four colleges, one academic lyceum, 21 vocational schools, 47 secondary schools, three music and art schools, nine sports schools, and 86 kindergartens.
Pollard started off as a member of Louisville post-hardcore stalwarts Hedge and Out, before moving on to the energetic prog-punk of the Calf Fiends in 1996-1997.
Butler's pantries, or china pantries, were built between the dining room and kitchen of a middle class English or American home, especially in the latter part of the 19th into the early 20th centuries.
By the Victorian era, large houses and estates in Britain maintained the use of separate rooms, each one dedicated to a distinct stages of food preparation and cleanup.
Meat preparation before cooking was done in a larder (remember that often in these large houses game would come in undressed, fish unfilleted and meat in half or quarter carcasses), and vegetable cleaning and preparation would be done in the scullery.
Since the scullery was the room with running water, it had a sink, and it was where the messiest food preparation took place, such as cleaning fish and cutting raw meat.
If the pantry had a sink for washing tableware, it was a wooden sink lined with lead, to prevent chipping the china and glassware while they were washed.
The idea is very similar to that of the Hoosier cabinet, with a wide variety of functions being served by specific design innovations.
A butler's pantry or serving pantry is a utility room in a large house, primarily used to store serving items, rather than food.
Traditionally, a butler's pantry was used for cleaning, counting, and storage of silver; European butlers often slept in the pantry, as their job was to keep the silver under lock and key.
The room would be used by the butler and other domestic staff; it is often called a butler's pantry even in households where there is no butler.
In modern homes, butler's pantries are usually located in transitional spaces between kitchens and dining rooms, and used as staging areas for serving meals.
A second opening near the bottom vented also to the outside, but low near the ground and usually on the north side of the house where the air was cooler.
In the summertime, the temperatures in the cold pantry would usually hover several degrees lower than the ambient temperature in the house, while in the wintertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would be considerably lower than that in the house.
Vegetables could be brought up from the root cellar in smaller amounts and stored in the cold pantry until ready to use.
With space in the icebox at a premium, the cold pantry was a great place to store fresh berries and fruit.
First developed in the early 1900s by the Hoosier Manufacturing Company in New Castle, Indiana, and popular into the 1930s, the Hoosier cabinet and its many imitators soon became an essential fixture in American kitchens.
Chapters of earlier books, particularly written during the era of domestic science and home economics in the latter half of the 19th century, featured how to furnish, keep, and clean a pantry.
This idea did not take hold in American households until a century later, by which time the pantry had become a floor-to-ceiling cabinet in the post-War kitchen.
During the Victorian era and until the Second World War, when housing changed considerably, pantries were commonplace in virtually all American homes.
This was because kitchens were small and strictly utilitarian, and not the domestic, often well-appointed, center of the home enjoyed today or in Colonial times.
It details a working farmhouse pantry in great detail, which she sees for the first time after her marriage to Wilder and subsequent journey to their new home.
Perhaps the most famous pantry incident in literature was when Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer had to do penance for getting into his Aunt Polly's jam in her pantry: as punishment, he had to whitewash her fence.
After the demise of Zoth Ommog in 1999, Larsen signed to Bloodline Records, which only released a single before also going out of business.
(Getting Away With Murder U. S.) included two early demos from 1982 and 1984, with the latter forming the unknown beginning of the band according to an interview conducted with Claus Larsen.
In an interview conducted late 2005, Larsen revealed that label issues, as well as personal concerns, caused the dormancy of the band during the 2000 - 2005 period.
In a post to his MySpace blog made in late November 2008, Larsen announced his intention to develop a live show for a small run of exclusive engagements in 2009.
Two shows took place in Denmark in April 2009, and Leaether Strip has been confirmed to perform at the Power Strip Festival in the USA and the Amphi Festival in Germany during Summer 2009.
The release is part of an ongoing box series through which Claus Larsen will re-release his complete back-catalogue via the Belgian label Alfa Matrix.
Each re-release will have both the fully remastered version of the original album on disc 1 and on the second disc, a totally re-written and reinterpretation of some selected songs from the original album by Leaether Strip himself re-recorded with current technologies.
More frequently, Larsen explores his own personal issues in the same open fashion, resulting in many tracks that are simultaneously aggressive and introspective.
Central to the project is Ben Watkins and his collaborations with a constantly changing ensemble of musicians from across the world.
This ensemble has included Mabi Thobejane, Amampondo, Steve Stevens, Eduardo Niebla, Greg Ellis, Taz Alexander, Sugizo, Budgie and recently Hamsika Iyer and Maggie Hikri.
It had a much different sound than the previous albums, and moved away from the traditional dance beats by implementing tribal influences.
Sony Japan released the soundtrack, which was recorded at the Slovak Radio Concert Hall in Slovakia with the Slovak National Symphony Orchestra.
In recent decades, many more allotropes have been discovered and researched including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene.
Around 500 hypothetical 3-periodic allotropes of carbon are known at the present time, according to the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA).
Industrial diamonds are valued mostly for their hardness and heat conductivity, making many of the gemological characteristics of diamond, including clarity and color, mostly irrelevant.
In addition to mined diamonds, synthetic diamonds found industrial applications almost immediately after their invention in the 1950s; another 400 million carats (80 tonnes) of synthetic diamonds are produced annually for industrial use, which is nearly four times the mass of natural diamonds mined over the same period.
Most uses of diamonds in these technologies do not require large diamonds; in fact, most diamonds that are not gem-quality can find an industrial use.
Diamonds are embedded in drill tips or saw blades, or ground into a powder for use in grinding and polishing applications (due to its extraordinary hardness).
Specialized applications include use in laboratories as containment for high pressure experiments (see diamond anvil), high-performance bearings, and limited use in specialized windows of technical apparatuses.
Garnering much excitement is the possible use of diamond as a semiconductor suitable to build microchips from, or the use of diamond as a heat sink in electronics.
Significant research efforts in Japan, Europe, and the United States are under way to capitalize on the potential offered by diamond's unique material properties, combined with increased quality and quantity of supply starting to become available from synthetic diamond manufacturers.
These tetrahedrons together form a 3-dimensional network of six-membered carbon rings (similar to cyclohexane), in the chair conformation, allowing for zero bond angle strain.
In graphite, each carbon atom uses only 3 of its 4 outer energy level electrons in covalently bonding to three other carbon atoms in a plane.
Each carbon atom contributes one electron to a delocalized system of electrons that is also a part of the chemical bonding.
For this reason, graphite conducts electricity along the planes of carbon atoms, but does not conduct in a direction at right angles to the plane.
Although it might be thought that this industrially important property is due entirely to the loose interlamellar coupling between sheets in the structure, in fact in a vacuum environment (such as in technologies for use in space), graphite was found to be a very poor lubricant.
This fact led to the discovery that graphite's lubricity is due to adsorbed air and water between the layers, unlike other layered dry lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide.
When a large number of crystallographic defects (physical) bind these planes together, graphite loses its lubrication properties and becomes pyrolytic carbon, a useful material in blood-contacting implants such as prosthetic heart valves.
Natural and crystalline graphites are not often used in pure form as structural materials due to their shear-planes, brittleness and inconsistent mechanical properties.
In its pure glassy (isotropic) synthetic forms, pyrolytic graphite and carbon fiber graphite are extremely strong, heat-resistant (to 3000 °C) materials, used in reentry shields for missile nosecones, solid rocket engines, high temperature reactors, brake shoes and electric motor brushes.
AA'-graphite is an allotrope of carbon similar to graphite, but where the layers are positioned differently to each other as compared to the order in graphite.
However, they are products of pyrolysis (the process of decomposing a substance by the action of heat), which does not produce true amorphous carbon under normal conditions.
Fullerenes are positively curved molecules of varying sizes composed entirely of carbon, which take the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube.
As of the early twenty-first century, the chemical and physical properties of fullerenes are still under heavy study, in both pure and applied research labs.
In April 2003, fullerenes were under study for potential medicinal use — binding specific antibiotics to the structure to target resistant bacteria and even target certain cancer cells such as melanoma.
Carbon nanotubes, also called buckytubes, are cylindrical carbon molecules with novel properties that make them potentially useful in a wide variety of applications (e.g., nano-electronics, optics, materials applications, etc.).
Whereas buckyballs are spherical in shape, a nanotube is cylindrical, with at least one end typically capped with a hemisphere of the buckyball structure.
Their name is derived from their size, since the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers (approximately 50,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair), while they can be up to several centimeters in length.
The geometric topology of the structure is determined by the presence of ring defects, such as heptagons and octagons, to graphene's hexagonal lattice.
A vapor of carbon-containing molecules is injected into the zeolite, where the carbon gathers on the pores' walls, creating the negative curve.
Glassy carbon or vitreous carbon is a class of non-graphitizing carbon widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, as well as for high-temperature crucibles and as a component of some prosthetic devices.
He had set out to develop a polymer matrix to mirror a diamond structure and discovered a resole (phenolic) resin that would, with special preparation, set without a catalyst.
The preparation of glassy carbon involves subjecting the organic precursors to a series of heat treatments at temperatures up to 3000 °C.
Unlike many non-graphitizing carbons, they are impermeable to gases and are chemically extremely inert, especially those prepared at very high temperatures.
It has been demonstrated that the rates of oxidation of certain glassy carbons in oxygen, carbon dioxide or water vapor are lower than those of any other carbon.
Thus, while normal graphite is reduced to a powder by a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids at room temperature, glassy carbon is unaffected by such treatment, even after several months.
Carbon nanofoam is the fifth known allotrope of carbon, discovered in 1997 by Andrei V. Rode and co-workers at the Australian National University in Canberra.
Each cluster is about 6 nanometers wide and consists of about 4000 carbon atoms linked in graphite-like sheets that are given negative curvature by the inclusion of heptagons among the regular hexagonal pattern.
This is the opposite of what happens in the case of buckminsterfullerenes, in which carbon sheets are given positive curvature by the inclusion of pentagons.
The large-scale structure of carbon nanofoam is similar to that of an aerogel, but with 1% of the density of previously produced carbon aerogels – only a few times the density of air at sea level.
Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) is a family of carbon materials with different surface geometries and carbon ordering that are produced via selective removal of metals from metal carbide precursors, such as TiC, SiC, TiAlC, MoC, etc.
Depending on the synthesis method, carbide precursor, and reaction parameters, multiple carbon allotropes can be achieved, including endohedral particles composed of predominantly amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes, epitaxial graphene, nanocrystalline diamond, onion-like carbon, and graphitic ribbons, barrels, and horns.
These structures exhibit high porosity and specific surface areas, with highly tunable pore diameters, making them promising materials for supercapacitor-based energy storage, water filtration and capacitive desalinization, catalyst support, and cytokine removal.
Lonsdaleite is a hexagonal allotrope of the carbon allotrope diamond, believed to form from graphite present in meteorites upon their impact to Earth.
Hexagonal diamond has also been synthesized in the laboratory, by compressing and heating graphite either in a static press or using explosives.
It can also be produced by the thermal decomposition of a polymer, poly(hydridocarbyne), at atmospheric pressure, under inert gas atmosphere (e.g.
The system of carbon allotropes spans an astounding range of extremes, considering that they are all merely structural formations of the same element.
Despite the hardness of diamonds, the chemical bonds that hold the carbon atoms in diamonds together are actually weaker than those that hold together graphite.
In graphite, the atoms are tightly bonded into sheets, but the sheets can slide easily over each other, making graphite soft.
The story follows the bird throughout a year during its migration to South America and return to the Canadian Arctic in search of a mate.
The book may have been somewhat premature in that there were confirmed sightings of this bird in 1963 and there were a number of unconfirmed sightings after that date.
Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari (February 25, 1925 – December 28, 2018) was a Nigerian statesman who became the first democratically elected President of Nigeria, after the handover of power by General Olusegun Obasanjo's military government.
He worked as a teacher for a brief period before entering politics in 1951 and in 1954 was elected to the federal House of Representatives.
In addition, he held the chieftaincy titles of the Ochiebuzo of Ogbaland, the Ezediale of Aboucha and the Baba Korede of Ado Ekiti.
However, due to traditional rites that prevented rulers from participating in business, Aliyu relinquished some of his trading interest when he became the Magaji.
Shagari started his education in a Quranic school and then went to live with relatives at a nearby town, where from 1931-1935 he attended Yabo elementary school.
Shehu Usman Shagari entered politics in 1951, when he became the secretary of the Northern People’s Congress in Sokoto, Nigeria, a position he held until 1956.
In 1954, Shehu Shagari was elected into his first public office as a member of the federal House of Representative for Sokoto west.
In 1958, Shagari was appointed as parliamentary secretary (he left the post in 1959) to the Nigerian Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa and that year he also served as the Federal Minister for commerce and Industries.
Following the Nigerian civil war, from 1970 to 1971, Shagari was appointed by the military head of state General Yakubu Gowon as the federal commissioner for economic development, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
During his tenure as the commissioner of finance for Nigeria, Shagari was also a governor for the World Bank and a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) committee of twenty.
In 1979 Shagari was chosen by the party as the presidential candidate for general election that year, which he won becoming the president and head of state of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
Shagari ran for a second four-year term in 1983 and won the general election, however, on 31 December 1983, Shagari was overthrown by major general Muhammadu Buhari.
This, coupled with a decline in world oil prices, and a deterioration in the national finances, hardship, lead to the regime becoming deeply unpopular with citizens.
On December 28, 2018 at about 6:30pm, Shehu Shagari died from a brief illness at the National Hospital, Abuja where he was admitted to and undergoing treatment before his death.
It was confirmed by his grandson Bello Bala Shagari and Governor Tambuwal in similar tweets at the time of his death.
Upon completing his studies he returned to Malta in 1950 and took up the post of Managing Director of Fardex Trade Development Company (Malta) Ltd.
He entered politics in 1962, and contested the general election of that year when he was elected as Member of Parliament keeping his seat in the 1966, 1971, 1976 and 1981 elections.
Xuereb was appointed by the Prime Minister as the Acting President of the Republic, following the end of term of Office of the third President.
A bronze statue designed by late sculptor Anton Agius was erected within Howards' Gardens, just outside the Bastions of Mdina in Paul Xuereb's honour.
Cylinder 1024 is the first cylinder of a hard disk that was inaccessible in the original IBM PC compatible hardware specification, interrupt 13h, which uses cylinder-head-sector addressing.
At boot time, the BIOS of many very old PCs could only access the first 1024 cylinders, numbered 0 to 1023, as CHS addressing only defines 10 bits for the cylinder count (2^10=1024).
This was a problem for operating systems on the x86 platform as the BIOS must be able to load the bootloader and the entire kernel image into memory.
Partly because of this bug, users of the Linux operating system have traditionally created a /boot partition to reside within the first 1024 cylinders of the disk, containing little more than the kernel and bootloader.
Alfred Bathini Xuma, OLG, commonly referred to by his initials as AB Xuma (8 March 1893, Transkei – 27 January 1962), was the first black South African to become a medical doctor, as well as a leader, activist and president-general of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1940 to 1949.
Although on the left wing of the ANC, Xuma was seen during his leadership as too conservative by an increasingly impatient and activist youth, which he regarded in turn with suspicion.
Nevertheless, it was under his leadership, albeit after having been very cannily lobbied, and in spite of warnings from his colleagues that it would lead to his downfall, that the ANC in 1942 established its Youth League.
A young Nelson Mandela was among the callow buttonholers (including Walter Sisulu, Congress Mbata and William Nkomo) who in 1944 visited his home in Sophiatown to agitate for his acceptance of the league's manifesto and draft constitution.
Xuma rounded on the deputation for usurping the authority of the ANC national executive, but refrained from criticizing publicly a cause he had publicly championed.
She was the first Brazilian to appear on Forbes Magazine's list of richest artists in 1991, taking 37th place with an annual gross income of US$19 million.
Over her 30-year career, Xuxa Meneghel has sold over 50 million copies of her records worldwide, which makes her the second-highest-selling Brazilian female singer after Rita Lee.
Maria da Graça Meneghel was born in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul, to Luiz Floriano Meneghel and Alda Meneghel (née Alda Flores da Rocha).
Xuxa is of partial Italian Brazilian descent, her paternal great-grandfather had emigrated to Brazil at the end of the 1800s from the northern Italian town of Imer, in the Autonomous Province of Trento.
He opted to save his wife, and prayed to St. Mary of Graces, promising to name his daughter after the Virgin if all went well.
Although she was originally named after Saint Mary of Graces, Xuxa, the youngest member of the Meneghel family, received the nickname by which she came to be known from her brother, Bladimir.
When she was seven, she and her family moved to Rio de Janeiro where they lived in the Bento Ribeiro neighborhood.
During this time period Xuxa continued to model in Brazil and the United States for both fashion and men's magazines, such as Playboy, and began a famous love affair with Brazilian football star Pelé.
Produced by Anibal Massaini Neto by Cinearte, the plot involves an adult man's recollection of a short period in his life in 1937.
As a teenager, he visited his mother, the favorite woman of an important politician, in a bordello owned by her, right before key political changes in Brazil.
Although rather tame by today's modern standards, the movie was considered somewhat controversial by some because it contains two brief scenes of sensuality between the libertine character played by Xuxa and that of the innocent teenager.
In this period, she worked as a model during the week in New York City and was taping her show during the weekend in Brazil.
In 1986 this opportunity was expanded when she received an offer to host a national children's program through the multimedia conglomerate Globo.
In the same period, Xuxa began a love relationship with the Brazilian driver Formula 1, Ayrton Senna, who died in 1994.
Also this year by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences of the United States to deliver the International Emmy Awards in the category of best children's program and to present one of their songs in the awards party.
The first two seasons of the show, the most popular, were produced by Argentine TV channel Telefé while the third season, in 1993, was produced independently and then sold for broadcast to El Trece.
The publication highlighted the record sales of albums of the singer, which in 1990 reached 12 million copies, and its success in the Hispanic market, where it reached 300,000 copies with their first album in Spanish.
However, it did not achieve the popularity she had enjoyed throughout Brazil, Latin America and Spain, and was cancelled after one season due to low ratings.
They reprised original episodes on a new children's block until 19 February 1996 when Xuxa stopped airing on The Family Channel.
The show was sold to a great number of countries throughout the world, including Japan, Israel, Russia, Australia, Romania and some Arab countries.
In the U.S., Sony Wonder has released two of her videos and a record that includes English translations of some of her most successful songs in Portuguese and Spanish.
The program directed by Marlene Mattos gathered pictures, jokes and musical attractions was exhibited between 4 June 1994 and 6 January 2001 on Saturday mornings of TV Globo.
The attraction was canceled abruptly due to the tragic fire that occurred in 11 January 2001 in the recording of its carnival special.
As of 19 April 1998, the program began to be presented on Sunday afternoons due to the 1998 World Cup, remaining on Sundays until its closure in 2002.
The attraction came to an end on 28 July 2002, due to the desire of Xuxa to return to the children's public and the end of the partnership with the director Marlene Mattos.
Through computer graphics capabilities, Xuxa appeared seated on a globe with a blue background filled with white clouds, and featured 14 pictures that blended entertainment and didactic elements.
The program had two distinct phases and the first was broadcast on Monday morning to the children's audience in a mix of play, dramaturgy, competition, cartoons and musical numbers presentation.
After many changes for not being able to keep the station in the isolated leadership, the program no longer aired on 31 December 2007.
The four teams disputed an X of gold, that was worth three points; an X of silver, worth two; or a bronze X, which was worth one point.
The show ceased to show cartoons, invested in jokes, and Xuxa went on to receive her guests on a stage designed for interviews and musical numbers.
The film starred Sasha Meneghel in theaters and featured the participation of Hebe Camargo, Luciano Szafir, Luciano Huck, Angelica and others.
The attraction was shown to Brazilian subscribers on every continent from Monday to Friday and shows the best moments of her career on Globo, as well as clips from XSPB.
Recorded in 2014, and expected to be released in September 2016, XPSB 13 earned Xuxa a Latin Grammy nomination, but because it was released after the deadline, it was disqualified by the Latin Recording Academy.
In September 2011, Colombian singer, Shakira, and Xuxa joined forces through their respective charitable foundations to aid children younger than six years old who live in Brazil's poorest communities.
Since May 2013, the campaign has integrated the actions of several groups: the Itaipu Dam, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Municipal Tourism Council, Childhood and Youth, Ministry of Labor and Employment, and entities of Paraguay and Argentina who work in the same area.
In May 2014, President Dilma Rousseff signed a law that applied stronger penalties to the crime of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.
Years later, the affair with soccer player Pelé boosted her profile and in 1982 Xuxa already was considered one of the main publicity figures of the country, announcing from underwear to residential buildings.
Also in 1982 Xuxa founded her first company, Xuxa Produções, a legal entity that takes care of the brand of Xuxa and holds, exclusively, the rights to commercialize the use of the brand and image of the artist, nationally and internationally, and represents the artist in contracts in any area.
During this time, she worked as a model during the week in New York City, and recorded the show on weekends.
However, the agency made her choose between career photos and walkways as a model or TV and Xuxa opted for the television show.
With the initial salary at Globo TV of US$40,000, Xuxa had several increases in its salary, which in 1987 had already reached one million dollars.
Until 1988, the companies of Xuxa were commanded by her father, the retired military Luís Floriano Meneghel, the mother, Alda, the brothers Cirano, Bladimir and Solange.
In 1989 Xuxa already shared with Hebe Camargo the title of highest-paid host of Latin America, receiving only in the Globe TV US$1.5 million monthly.
Also in 1989, the activities of the Xuxa Meneghel Foundation, which currently carries out four social development programs (Program for Networks and Political Incidence, Program for Socio-educational Actions, Integrated Assistance Program and the Institutional Partnerships Program) began.
In 1990 Xuxa had already reached the mark of 12 million records sold, which had generated a turnover of more than $110 million, of which 20% was destined for it.
With a total of 78,000 square meters, Xuxa traveled with the golf carts and this one was a refuge for the artist, which did not prevent that fans slept in the entrance of the site waiting for Xuxa.
In 2007, with the concern of providing a social life closer to normal to her daughter Sasha, Xuxa put the site up for sale for $8 million.
Still in 1990 Xuxa acquired an apartment of five million dollars in New York, that still forms part of the artist's patrimony and took advantage of the opening of the Brazilian market to the imported vehicles to found the Shine Car, concessionaire of imported luxury cars based in Rio de Janeiro.
With a partnership with Grendene, Xuxa sold 4 million sandals in Brazil, 1 million in the United States, 1 million in Mexico and 500 thousand in the rest of Latin America only in 1990.
She launched the Xuxa Meneghel Models Course in Rio de Janeiro, with a duration of seven months and a load of six hours a week, tuition starting from $60.
Also in 1991 Xuxa intensified the licensing of products with her brand and even sold 1.5 million sandals in the United States.
Between 1986 and 1992 Xuxa had sold 18 million discs, which had generated a revenue of over $175 million, of which 20% was destined for Xuxa.
Xuxa's Xuxa program produced four tours, including Xuxa's Xuxa 89 tour, in which Xuxa's cache was over $300,000, with a production schedule that involved ten trucks, 60 air tickets, two wagons, two 25-ton stages with more than 150 people involved.
The program was broadcast by more than 100 relays in the country, including CBS and Freeform, and was also sold to more than 120 countries.
In October, she announced that she would soon leave her career to try to be a mother through artificial insemination, which did not happen because Xuxa had to meet contractual deadlines, which did not prevent the artist from again slowing down the work pace.
In 2005 an 11-year-old girl, daughter of friends of Xuxa, passed away in the parks of Disney while it was lodged in the house of Xuxa.
In 2002 they acquired a coverage of four suites for R$13 million in São Conrado, in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
In 2012 Xuxa received R$2 million to participate in an advertising campaign of the beauty products brand Wella, changing the color of her hair, appearing brunette for the first time in her career.
In 2013 TV Bandeirantes was condemned by the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) to pay an indemnity of 1.1 million reais to the presenter.
The STJ, therefore, rejected the request of the issuer to rediscuss the amount of compensation established by the Court of Justice of Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) in 2011.
In February 2015 Xuxa refused a proposal of renewal with Globo TV, since its salary would happen of a million dollars monthly, that received from 2002, to R$250 thousand, without next projects to return to present a program.
She reported in 2012, that reclusive singer Michael Jackson had once courted her, inviting her to dinner at his Neverland estate and then his manager asked whether she would consider conceive his kids.
Xuxa recorded about 915 songs, recorded 28 albums that together have sold over 45 million copies, and were awarded 400 gold records in Brazil.
According to ABPD, Xuxa had two DVDs among the top ten in 2011, XSPB Volume 1–8 (sixth place) and XSPB 11 (ninth).
Muhammadu Buhari (born 17 December 1942) is a Nigerian politician currently serving as the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015.
He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31st December, 1983 to 27th August, 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état.
This marked the first time in the history of Nigeria that an incumbent president lost to an opposition candidate in a general election.
Buhari has stated that he takes responsibility for anything over which he presided during his military rule, and that he cannot change the past.
Muhammadu Buhari was born to a Fulani family on 17 December 1942, in Daura, Katsina State, to his father Hardo Adamu, a Fulani chief, and mother Zulaihat.
In February 1964, the college was upgraded to an officer commissioning unit of the Nigerian Army and renamed the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) (prior to 1964, the Nigerian government sent cadets who had completed their NMTC preliminary training to mostly Commonwealth military academies for officer cadet training).
In January 1963, at age 20, Buhari was commissioned a second lieutenant and appointed Platoon Commander of the Second Infantry Battalion in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
In 1964, he facilitated his military training by attending the Mechanical Transport Officer's Course at the Army Mechanical Transport School in Borden, United Kingdom.
From 1965 to 1967, Buhari served as commander of the Second Infantry Battalion and appointed brigade major, Second Sector, First Infantry Division, April 1967 to July 1967.
Other participants in the coup on 28 July 1966 included 2nd Lieutenant Sani Abacha, Lieutenant Ibrahim Babangida, Major Theophilus Danjuma, Lieutenant Ibrahim Bako among others.
The coup was a reaction to the January coup where a group of mostly Igbo officers led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu overthrew the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Many Northern soldiers were aggrieved by the murder of senior politicians, Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, northern regional premier, Ahmadu Bello, and four senior officers from northern Nigeria: Brigadier Zakariya Maimalari, Colonel Kur Mohammed, Lt-Cols Abogo Largema and James Pam.
Among the casualties were the first military head of state General Aguiyi Ironsi and Lt Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi, the military governor of the Western Region.
Buhari was assigned to the 1st Division under the command of Lt. Col Mohammed Shuwa, the division had temporarily moved from Kaduna to Makurdi at the onset of the Nigerian Civil War.
The 1st division was divided into sectors and then battalions with Shuwa assisted by sector commanders Martin Adamu and Sule Apollo who was later replaced by Theophilus Danjuma.
The 2 battalion was one of the units that participated in the first actions of the war, they started from Gakem near Afikpo and moved towards Ogoja with support from Gado Nasko's artillery squad.
They reached and captured Ogoja within a week with the intention of advancing through the flanks to Enugu, the rebel capital.
Buhari was briefly the 2 battalion's Commander and led the battalion to Afikpo to link with the 3rd Marine Commando and advance towards Enugu through Nkalagu and Abakaliki.
However, before the move to Enugu, he was posted to Nsukka as Brigade Major of the 3rd Infantry Brigade under Joshua Gin who would later become battle fatigued and replaced by Isa Bukar.
Buhari stayed with the infantry for a few months as the Nigerian army began to adjust tactics learnt from early battle experiences.
Instead of swift advances, the new tactics involved securing and holding on to the lines of communications and using captured towns as training ground to train new recruits brought in from the army depots in Abeokuta and Zaria.
In 1968, he was posted to the 4 Sector also called the Awka sector which was charged to take over the capture of Onitsha from Division 2.
The sector's operations was within the Awka-Abagana-Onitsha region which was important to Biafran forces because it was a major source of food supply.
It was in the sector that Buhari's group suffered a lot of casualties trying to protect food supplies route of the rebels along Oji River and Abagana.
From 1974 to 1975 Buhari was Acting Director of Transport and Supply at the Nigerian Army Corps of Supply and Transport Headquarters.
Then Lieutenant Colonel Buhari was among a group of officers (led by Colonels Ibrahim Taiwo, Joseph Garba, Abdulahi Mohammed, Anthony Ochefu, Lieutenant Colonels Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, Ibrahim Babangida and Alfred Aduloju) who overthrew the Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon.
From 1 August 1975 to 3 February 1976, General Murtala Mohammed, appointed Buhari as Governor of the North-Eastern State, to oversee social, economic and political improvements in the state.
In August 1991, Yobe state was created from Borno state, while Gongola state was split into two states, Taraba and Adamawa.
In March 1976, the Head of State, General Olusegun Obasanjo, appointed Buhari as the Federal Commissioner (position now called Minister) for Petroleum and Natural Resources.
When the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation was created in 1977, Buhari was also appointed as its Chairman, a position he held until 1978.
During his tenure as Commissioner, 2.8 billion dollars allegedly went missing from the accounts of the NNPC in Midlands Bank in the United Kingdom.
However, in the conclusion of the Crude Oil Sales Tribunal of Inquiry headed by Justice Ayo Irikefe to investigate allegations of 2.8 billion Dollars misappropriation from the NNPC account, the tribunal found no truth in the allegations even though it noticed some lapses in the NNPC accounts.
During Buhari's tenure as the Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources, the government invested in pipelines and petroleum storage infrastructures.
The government built about 21 petroleum storage depots all over the country from Lagos to Maidugiuri and from Calabar to Gusau; the administration constructed a pipeline network that connected Bonny terminal and the Port Harcourt refinery to the depots.
Also, the administration signed the contract for the construction of a refinery in Kaduna and an oil pipeline that will connect the Escravos oil terminal to Warri Refinery and the proposed Kaduna refinery.
From 1978 to 1979, he was Military Secretary at the Army Headquarters and was a member of the Supreme Military Council from 1978 to 1979.
From 1979 to 1980, at the rank of colonel, Buhari (class of 1980) attended the US Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in the United States, and gained a Masters Degree in Strategic Studies.
Upon completion of the on-campus full-time resident program lasting ten months and the two-year-long, distance learning program, the United States Army War College (USAWC) college awards its graduate officers a master's degree in Strategic Studies.
In 1983, when Chadian forces invaded Nigeria in the Borno State, Buhari used the forces under his command to chase them out of the country, crossing into Chadian territory in spite of an order given by President Shagari to withdraw.
Major-General Buhari was one of the leaders of the military coup of December 1983 that overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari.
With the successful execution of the coup by General Buhari, Tunde Idiagbon was appointed Chief of General Staff (the de facto No.
Buhari justified the military's seizure of power by castigating the civilian government as hopelessly corrupt and promptly suspended Nigeria's 1979 Constitution.
Sani Abacha in the military's first broadcast after the coup linked ' an inept and corrupt leadership' with general economic decline.
In Buhari's New Year day speech, he too mentioned the corrupt class of the Second republic but also as the cause of a general decline in morality in the society.
The structure of the new military leadership which was also the fifth in Nigeria since independence resembled the last military regime, the Obasanjo/Yaradua administration.
The number of ministries was trimmed to 18 while the administration carried out a retrenchment exercise among the senior ranks of the civil service and police.
These laws included the Robbery and Firearms (Special Provisions) Decree for the prosecution of armed robbery cases, the State Security (Detention of Person) Decree which gave powers to the military to detain individuals suspected of jeopardizing state security or causing economic adversity.
Other decrees included the Civil Service Commission and Public Offenders Decree which constituted the legal and administrative basis to conduct a purge in the civil service.
In order to reform the economy, as Head of State, Buhari started to rebuild the nation's social-political and economic systems, along the realities of Nigeria's austere economic conditions.
The rebuilding included removing or cutting back the excesses in national expenditure, obliterating or removing completely, corruption from the nation's social ethics, shifting from mainly public sector employment to self-employment.
However, tightening of imports led to reduction in raw materials for industries causing many industries to operate below capacity, reduction of workers and in some cases business closure.
Buhari's economic policies did not earn him the legitimacy of the masses due to the rise in inflation and the use of military might to continue to push many policies blamed for the rise in food prices.
In January 1984, in his new year broadcast speech, Buhari stated that he would maintain and enhance diplomatic relations with all countries and international organisations such as the OAU, UN, OPEC, ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations.
Umaru Dikko, a former Minister of Transportation under the previous civilian administration of President Shagari who fled the country shortly after the coup, was accused of embezzling $1 billion in oil profits.
With the help of an alleged former Mossad agent, the NSO traced him to London, where operatives from Nigeria and Israel drugged and kidnapped him.
The purpose of this secret operation was to ship Dikko off to Nigeria on an empty Nigerian Airways Boeing 707, to stand trial for embezzlement.
The Banking (Freezing of Accounts) Decree of 1984, allotted to the Federal Military Government the power to freeze bank accounts of persons suspected to have committed fraud.
The Recovery of Public Property (Special Military Tribunals) Decree permitted the government to investigate the assets of public officials linked with corruption and constitute a military tribunal to try such persons.
Launched on 20 March 1984, the policy tried to address the perceived lack of public morality and civic responsibility of Nigerian society.
The suitcases were being transported by the Emir of Gwandu, whose son was Buhari's aide-de-camp, and were cleared through customs on 10 June 1984 without inspection during his return flight from Saudi Arabia.
According to Decree Number 2 of 1984, the state security and the chief of staff were given the power to detain, without charges, individuals deemed to be a security risk to the state for up to three months.
The NSO played a wide role in the cracking down of public dissent by intimidating, harassing and jailing individuals who broke the interdiction on strikes.
The regime also jailed its critics, as in the case of Nigeria's most popular artist and one time presidential contender, afro-beat singer Fela Kuti.
In 1984, Buhari passed Decree Number 4, the Protection Against False Accusations Decree, considered by scholars as the most repressive press law ever enacted in Nigeria.
The law further stated that offending journalists and publishers will be tried by an open military tribunal, whose ruling would be final and unappealable in any court and those found guilty would be eligible for a fine not less than 10,000 naira and a jail sentence of up to two years.
He was executed even if at the time of his arrest the crime did not mandate the capital punishment, but had carried a sentence of six months imprisonment.
In another prominent case of April 1985, six Nigerians were condemned to death under the same decree: Sidikatu Tairi, Sola Oguntayo, Oladele Omosebi, Lasunkanmi Awolola, Jimi Adebayo and Gladys Iyamah.
In 1985, prompted by economic uncertainties and a rising crime rate, the government of Buhari opened the borders (closed since April 1984) with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon to speed up the expulsion of 700,000 illegal foreigners and illegal migrant workers.
Ahead of the 2015 general election, Buhari responded to his human rights criticism by saying that if elected, he would follow the rule of law, and that there would be access to justice for all Nigerians and respect for fundamental human rights of Nigerians.
In August 1985, Major General Buhari was overthrown in a coup led by General Ibrahim Babangida and other members of the ruling Supreme Military Council (SMC).
Babangida brought many of Buhari's most vocal critics into his administration, including Fela Kuti's brother Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, a doctor who had led a strike against Buhari to protest declining health care services.
Buhari's admirers believe that he was overthrown by corrupt elements in his government who were afraid of being brought to justice as his policies were beginning to yield tangible dividends in terms of public discipline, curbing corruption, lowering inflation, enhancing workforce and improving productivity.
He had access to television that showed two channels and members of his family were allowed to visit him on the authorization of Babangida.
In Katsina, he became the pioneer chairman of Katsina Foundation that was founded to encourage social and economic development in Katsina State.
Buhari served as the Chairman of the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), a body created by the government of General Sani Abacha, and funded from the revenue generated by the increase in price of petroleum products, to pursue developmental projects around the country.
However, the same report also noted that critics had questioned the PTF's allocation of 20% of its resources to the military, which the critics feared would not be accountable for the revenue.
He was defeated by the People's Democratic Party nominee, President Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ, by a margin of more than 11 million votes.
His main challenger in the April 2007 polls was the ruling PDP candidate, Umaru Yar'Adua, who hailed from the same home state of Katsina.
The ANPP joined the government with appointment of its national chairman as cabinet members in the government of Umar Musa Yaradua, but Buhari denounced this agreement.
In March 2010, Buhari left the ANPP for the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), a party that he had helped to found.
Buhari was the CPC Presidential candidate in 16 April 2011 general election, running against incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), Mallam Nuhu Ribadu of Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), and Ibrahim Shekarau of ANPP.
He also gave support to enforcement of Sharia law in Nigeria's northern states, which had previously caused him political difficulties among Christian voters in the country's south.
The elections were marred by widespread sectarian violence, which claimed the lives of 800 people across the country, as Buhari's supporters attacked Christian settlements in the country's centre regions.
Buhari won 12,214,853 votes, coming in second to the incumbent president Goodluck Jonathan of the PDP, who polled 22,495,187 votes and was declared the winner.
In the runup to the 2015 Presidential elections, the campaign team of incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan asked for the disqualification of General Buhari from the election, claiming that he is in breach of the Constitution.
Buhari has failed to submit any such evidence, claiming that he lost the original copies of his diplomas when his house was raided following his overthrow from power in 1985.
However, Buhari stated in an interview that he would not probe past corrupt leaders and that he would give officials who stole in the past amnesty, insofar as they repent.
In February 2015, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo quit the ruling PDP party and threw his support behind the Buhari/Osinbajo ticket.
Buhari was sworn in on 29 May 2015 in a ceremony attended by at least 23 Heads of State and Government.
In December 2014, Muhammadu Buhari went on the record to say he would abolish the office of the First Lady if he was elected as President, claiming it was unconstitutional.
On 4 January 2015, while campaigning for the 2015 general election, Buhari stated that he favoured freedom of religion, that every Nigerian should be free and secure to practice their different religions.
Because they cannot attack our record, they accuse us falsely of calling for election violence – when we have only insisted on peace.
Buhari has a contemplative approach to governance, his presidency improved in dealing with corruption and also in deploying resources to the field to combat the insurgence of Boko Haram.
But in a country with 23% unemployment rate, Buhari's un-energetic personality and his contemplative decision making has not earned him admiration from some independent supporters who voted for him in 2015.
Buhari's key advisers include his nephew, Mamman Daura, the Chief of Staff, Abba Kyari and in the late stages of his first term, Boss Mustapha, the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF).
Since the Fourth Republic, ministerial positions are legally required to be composed of a federal ethno-demographic character with a minister representing each state of the federation.
A result of this has created the outcome of political considerations as an important factor in nominating ministers as local party officials lacking in merit jostle for cabinet positions.
Nomination into Buhari's cabinet has been influenced by those political considerations and also closeness to the president and his inner cabinet.
In August 2019, the president named his cabinet of predominantly male members with an average years of 60 and dominated by political actors or those close to the president.
The cabinet include two wealthy former governors from the Niger Delta, Timipre Sylva and Godswill Akpabio who were originally members of the opposition party PDP and fourteen retained ministers some of whom critics alleged had performed poorly or having a close relationship with a corrupt past Head of State.
Once in power, Buhari who had earlier mobilized supporters in three previous elections was slow to manifest his intention to solve problems he mentioned during his campaign.
Determination to initiate his domestic policy agenda like naming of cabinet officials took six months, while the passage of the 2016 and 2017 budgets were delayed by infighting.
To source funds to close shortfall in revenue and fund an expansionary capital budget, Buhari traveled to 20 countries seeking loans.
In the first year of the administration, Naira, the currency of Nigeria depreciated in the black market leading to a gulf between the official exchange rate and the black-market rate.
However, the gulf between the official rates and the black market rates opened up the opportunity for well connected individuals to engage in arbitrage, making a mockery of the president's anti-corruption image.
In May, 2016, the government announced a rise in the official pump price of petroleum to curtail shortfall in the commodity as a result of foreign exchange shortages.
Buhari's first tenure as head of state coincided with a decline in oil prices similar to his second stint but his administration has not shown dedicated effort to diversify sources of government spending.
The 2018 budget signaled an expansionary fiscal policy with funds dedicated to infrastructural projects such as strategic roads, bridges and power plants.
Since an upturn in economic growth from the decline of 2016, a slow pace of recovery has the country behind many of its continental neighbors in GDP growth.
Unemployment levels remain high and any effort to increase non-oil revenues has not improved while government deficit spending include a significant portion of its yearly budget dedicated to service debts.
Buhari with the support of the Central Bank chief initiated policies to improve agriculture production through lobbying private banks to lend to the sector and restriction of foreign exchange at official rates for importation of food product that are grown locally.
In his second tern, the budget minister, Udo Udoma and trade minister, Enemalah both of whom favored liberalisation were not returned.
The government continued to operate flexible exchange rates into the second term of the administration despite critics alluding to the exchange rate regime of being susceptible to arbitrage abuses and round tripping by cronies of the government.
Buhari described the military crackdown by the Myanmar Army and police on Rohingya Muslims as ethnic cleansing and warned of a disaster like the Rwandan genocide.
Nigeria and South Africa between them share about 50% of Africa's economic output but both countries macroeconomic structure is hampered by high poverty rates, youth unemployment and decline in capital investment.
About 600,000 Nigerians have emigrated to South Africa to seek out better economic opportunities and like in Nigeria, it is an economy struggling with its own high unemployment rates.
The leaders of both countries met in early October 2019, to discuss measures to improve the relationship between both countries which has been affected not only by anti-migrant violence in South Africa both issues about profit repatriation by South African firms operating in Nigeria.
In spite of roles played by the Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs and the Amnesty programme led by Sokunbi Ajibade Adenrele to ameliorate the conditions of the people's lives and settle militant activities, they are still intermittent attacks on oil facilities by groups such as the Niger Delta Avengers.
Nigeria has the second largest reserves of crude oil in Africa, reserves largely found in the Niger Delta region of the country.
The government initiated Hydrocarbon Pollution Remediation Project (HYPREP) to help clean up Ogoniland while other state governors within the region want a similar setup.
In 2012, Buhari's name was included on a list published by Boko Haram of individuals it would trust to mediate between the group and the Federal Government.
In 2013, Muhammadu Buhari made a series of statements, when he asked the Federal Government to stop the killing of Boko Haram members and blamed the rise of the terrorist group on the prevalence of Niger Delta militants in the South.
He also questioned the special treatment including close to $500 million a year paid to 30,000 militants under the amnesty programme since 2013 by the Federal Government and deplored the fact that Boko Haram members were killed and their houses destroyed.
In December 2014, Buhari pledged to enhance security in Nigeria, if he wins the general elections on 14 February 2015, which were later rescheduled for 28 March 2015.
Since this announcement, Buhari's approval ratings reportedly have skyrocketed amongst the Nigerian people (largely due to the incumbent Goodluck Jonathan's apparent inability to fight Boko Haram's brutal insurgency).
In October 2016, the government negotiated a deal with the terrorist group, Boko Haram which secured the release of 21 Chibok girls.
By December 2016, the government had recovered much of the territories previously held by Boko Haram and after the capture of Sambisa Forest, Buhari announced that Boko Haram has been technically defeated.
The insurgency displaced about 2 million people from their homes and the recapture of the towns now present humanitarian challenges in health, education and nutrition.
On 6 May 2017, Buhari's government secured a further release of 82 out of 276 girls kidnapped in 2014, in exchange of five Boko Haram leaders.
On 7 May 2017, President Buhari met with the 82 released Chibok girls, before departing to London, UK, for a follow up treatment for an undisclosed illness.
The Middle-Belt region of Nigeria has been vulnerable to clashes between farmers and cattle herders, two groups trying to secure arable land for grazing or farming and access to water.
The intensity and politicization of the conflict along ethnic and religious divide increased during the administration of Buhari as instances of conflicts flared in parts of Southern Nigeria.
About 300 civilians were killed in a village in Benue State, Middle-Belt of the country and about 40 civilians were killed in Enugu in Southeastern Nigeria.
The conflict between farmers many of whom are largely Christians and herders who are predominantly Muslims has stoked religious tension not helped when the president sent in military troops disarm ethnic Christian militias while critics allege of his lukewarm towards armed cattle herders.
The administration's effort to solve the conflict led to the National Livestock Transformation Plan to modernise cattle grazing and stabilize the Middle Belt region.
In 2017, RUGA, an acronym for Rural Grazing Area but also a word meaning settlement in Fulani was a proposed solution that came from deliberations of the transformation plan.
A separatist group, the Indigenous People of Biafra and led by Nnamdi Kanu became high profile in 2015 for advocating independence for a separate nation of Biafra.
The group agitating for a resurgence of Biafra, a republic not constrained by dis-empowerment of Igbos gradually founded favor among many economically and politically dis-empowered youths in Southeastern Nigeria.
In October 2015 Kanu was arrested on allegation of treason, his arrest was followed by protest against his detention across many Southeastern states.
After the Islamic movement was accused of an attack against former Chief of Army Staff Tukur Buratai in December 2015, Zakzaky's base was shelled causing hundreds of fatalities while Zakzaky was arrested.
On 8 February, President Buhari personally signed a letter addressed to the President of the Senate of Nigeria alerting him of a further extension to his annual leave, leaving his Vice President in charge.
Although information was limited during his stay in London, he was pictured on March 9 meeting the most senior cleric of the world Anglican congregation, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby.
Most recently he was absent from the Federal Executive Council (FEC) meeting, the worker's day event held at the Eagle Square in Abuja on May Day 2017.
Some prominent Nigerian figures urged the President to take a long-term medical leave, citing his failure to make any public appearances over a two-week period.
President Buhari returned to Nigeria from his medical leave in the United Kingdom 104 days after leaving, on August 19, 2017.
On 8 May, Buhari left Nigeria to London for medical check up, upon arrival from USA; and he returned on Friday 11 May 2018.
On 24 January 2018, former president Obasanjo wrote a letter to president Buhari accusing his government of nepotism, while commending his war against corruption and lauding his achievements on Boko Haram.
Shrugging off opposition from a previous president, during a national executive council meeting on the morning of April, 9th 2018, President Buhari declared his intention to re-enter the presidential race in 2019 and seek a second term in office as a democratic leader.
This came after much speculation by political players and members of the public about whether or not he was going to run, especially considering his rather late timing.
Buhari said during the 2011 presidential campaigns under the CPC banner that he would never seek a re-election bid should he ever become president.
Whilst the country commemorate Democracy Day on May 29, in remembrance of May 29, 1999, when democracy was restored after a long term of military rule; Buhari changed it to June 12 for heroic remembrance of MKO Abiola, who won the June 12, 1993 election was overruled.
President Buhari hosts the principal officers of the National Assembly to dinner at the state house on Thursday July 11, 2019.
In November 2012, Buhari's first daughter, Zulaihat (née Buhari) Junaid died from sickle cell anaemia, two days after having a baby at a hospital in Kaduna.
A diploma mill (also known as a degree mill) is a company or organization that claims to be a higher education institution but provides illegitimate academic degrees and diplomas for a fee.
These degrees may claim to give credit for relevant life experience, but should not be confused with legitimate prior learning assessment programs.
They may also claim to evaluate work history or require submission of a thesis or dissertation for evaluation to give an appearance of authenticity.
The term may also be used pejoratively to describe an accredited institution with low academic admission standards and a low job placement rate.
Also, in some universities, holders of a lower degree (such as a bachelor's degree) may be routinely awarded honorary higher degrees (such as a master's degree) without study.
Diploma mills share a number of features that differentiate them from respected institutions, although some legitimate institutions may exhibit some of the same characteristics.
Accreditation mills based in the United States may model their websites after real accrediting agencies overseen by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).
UNESCO has no authority to recognize or accredit higher education institutions or agencies, and has published warnings against education organizations that claim UNESCO recognition or affiliation.
These diploma and degree mills may further confuse matters by claiming to consider work history, professional education, and previous learning, and may even require the submission of a dissertation or thesis in order to give an added appearance of legitimacy.
As diploma mills are typically licensed to do business, it is common practice within the industry to misrepresent their business license as indicating government approval of the institution.
Despite the fact that trademark law is intended to prevent this situation, diploma mills continue to employ various methods to avoid legal recourse.
Several diploma mills have adopted British-sounding names, similar but not identical to the names of legitimate universities, apparently to take advantage of the United Kingdom's reputation for educational quality in other parts of the world.
The school's website may well not have an .edu domain, or other country-specific equivalent, since registration of such names is typically restricted.
However, enforcement has sometimes been less restrictive, and an .edu domain cannot be taken as verification of school quality or reputation.
Some diploma mills use an .ac top-level domain name, which resembles genuine second-level academic domain names like ac.uk but is in fact the ccTLD for Ascension Island.
Depending on the institution, students may be required to purchase textbooks, take tests, and submit homework, but degrees are commonly conferred after little or no study.
If teaching is offered, the professors may themselves hold advanced degrees from the diploma mill itself or from other unaccredited institutions.
Doctoral theses and dissertations from the institution will not be available from University Microfilms International, a national repository, or even the institution's own library, if it has one.
Degrees from a diploma mill can be obtained within a few days, weeks or months from the time of enrollment, and back-dating is possible.
This should not be confused with legitimate programs offering recognition of prior learning, which allow students to gain academic credit based on past training, experience or independent study.
This will usually require a test that the student can fail; a diploma mill will grant the degree regardless of results.
They may be told that they qualify for a fellowship, scholarship or grant, or offered deals to sign up for multiple degrees at the same time.
Even if issuing or receiving a diploma mill qualification is legal, passing it off as an accredited one for personal gain is a crime in many jurisdictions.
In some cases the diploma mill may itself be guilty of an offense, if it knew or ought to have known that the qualifications it issues are used for fraudulent purposes.
Diploma mills could also be guilty of fraud if they mislead customers into believing that the qualifications they issue are accredited or recognized, or make false claims that they will lead to career advancement, and accept money on the basis of these claims.
Similar to tax havens, diploma mills frequently employ jurisdiction shopping, operating in another country or legal jurisdiction where running diploma mills is legal, standards are lax or prosecution is unlikely.
In Australia, it is a criminal offence to call an institution a university, or issue university degrees, without authorisation through an act of federal or state parliaments.
Accreditation is independently assessed by the Agency for Development of Higher Education and Quality Assurance and formally conferred by the Ministry of Education and Science for each canton, entity or district.
In Canada all universities and colleges are under the direct supervision of the provincial and territorial governments, and there are no accreditation authorities, so the problem of degree mills is relatively rare.
The Ministry of Education, which has legal authority to regulate college enrollment and degree awarding, publishes a yearly list of qualified higher-education institutions.
For purposes of professional qualification, the use of foreign degree qualifications is regulated: if the name of a degree can be confused with a Finnish degree that requires more academic credit, the confusion must be eliminated.
There are no laws against conferring unaccredited degrees or degrees accredited abroad, as long as a Finnish degree or equivalent is not claimed.
Diplomas issued by foreign educational institutions are validated and assessed by the Hellenic National Academic Recognition and Information Center (Hellenic NARIC).
UGC has published a warning dated July 2012 against Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM) about the unrecognized status of IIPM.
This framework was established by the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland in accordance with the Qualifications (Education and Training) Act (1999).
Under Article 135 of the School Education Act, all universities and post-secondary education institutes in Japan require a government-issued licence from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
In addition, the National Institution for Academic Degrees and Quality Enhancement of Higher Education (NIAD-QE) has the sole authority to accredit all university and post-secondary qualifications in Japan, as per Article 104 of the School Education Act.
In 2007, MEXT revealed that it had discovered 48 people with suspected falsified qualifications who were successfully hired to teach in 43 universities and post-secondary education institutes throughout Japan between 2004 and 2006.
The Private Higher Education Institutions act also places restrictions on the creation and operation of any private higher education institution that conducts any course of study or training programme for which a certificate, diploma or degree is awarded.
Furthermore, all legitimate higher education qualifications are placed on or formally affiliated with the Malaysian Qualifications Framework under the provisions of the Malaysian Qualifications Agency Act 2007.
In Mexico, Under the Education Act the official recognition of studies (RVOE) educational programs offered by private institutions may be granted by the federal education authority by state education authorities both.
There are also public institutions of higher education, which are mandated to incorporate programs of these institutions according to its own rules.
279 establishing the processes and procedures related to the recognition of official validity of studies The Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) lists several institutions that are unaccredited in Mexico.
They included the technical director of the National Center for Blood Transfusions and the chief medical officer of the National Commission for Medical Arbitration, which rules on cases of malpractice.
Since the implementation of the Bologna process, Dutch universities have started to bestow the English titles MSc and PhD instead of their Dutch equivalents.
The status of such a diploma depends upon the laws and accreditation system of the country where the diploma is granted.
Diploma's from non EU institutions must be screened and validated first before they are accepted for appointments requiring a validated starting level (e.g.
Title IV (Crimes Against Public Interest), section V articles 174 and 175 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines criminalize the falsification of medical certificates, certificates of merit or service and the like.
Article 174 imposes a penalty on anyone who produces such certificates and article 175 on anyone who knowingly procures and uses such a certificate.
Despite this, news and magazine articles appear from time to time reporting businesses operating along Claro M. Recto Avenue in Manila which offer fake documents for sale.
To award higher studies degrees, all higher studies institutions require a governmental issued licence provided by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and published in the Government Journal (Diário da República) and communicate to the High Studies General Board (Direção Geral do Ensino Superior - DGES) all record of grades and degree awarded by students.
Previously to 2007, in the process of opening a new institution or new curriculum to be lectured, it was required to provide the degree content by science branch and the list of PhD, MSc and BSc professors that lecture that specific course, thus getting a licence without expiration date, mandatory professors or contents revision date.
This created a series of controversial scandals and severe lack quality in some private and public institutions as evidentiated by the 2007 state run inspection at the hands of , resulting in their compulsory closure and transfer of students to other institutions.
Created by governmental rule to ensure the quality in higher studies along the Bologna Process implementation, this entity has a specific and rigorous agenda to control all public and private institutions of higher studies and its content.
Its job is to perform inspections every 1, 2, 3 or 5 years about the academic crew scientific quality, current and new curriculum in all degrees, assure that these are up to date, and control the BSc, MSc and PhD available degrees in Portugal, by closure or approval of new courses as the Bologna Process demands.
According to the rector of the university, Corina Dumitrescu, the law has a loophole, since it uses a continuous present for institutional evaluation, which is uncharacteristic of the Romanian language.
According to the civic initiative Dissernet such institutions are providing the Russian elite (heads of universities, members of parliament and government officials) with degrees based on plagiarised and falsified Kandidat nauk (Ph.D Candidate) and Doktor nauk (full Ph.D) theses.
In March 2006 prosecutors in Seoul were reported to have broken up a crime ring selling bogus music diplomas from Russia, which helped many land university jobs and seats in orchestras.
The case had a far-reaching impact as she was a professor at Dongguk University and also held a position at an art gallery known to have ties with economical and political figures.
Until 1999 only state universities could grant degrees, but amendments to the Universities Act now allow private institutions to be granted degree-awarding status by the University Grants Commission.
Though aware that claiming an MBA from this diploma mill would be illegal in many states in the US, Littorin tried to convince the Swedish media and people of the legitimacy of his qualification.
Qualifications, diplomas and titles earned from Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (ETH Zurich, EPFL), from cantonal (state-run) universities, from private universities recognized by state authorities, and from Fachhochschule-institutions (Universities of Applied Sciences run or recognized by official authorities, federal and cantonal) are protected.
Accreditation is conferred by the Conference of University Rectors of Switzerland (CRUS) and the Swiss Center of Accreditation and Quality Assurance in Higher Education (OAQ).
Under Swiss law, it is a criminal offense, under unfair competition legislation, to profit by any unfounded academic or occupational qualifications.
In the United Kingdom, degrees may only be awarded by institutions that have degree-awarding powers recognised by the UK authorities (the UK parliament, the Scottish parliament, the National Assembly for Wales or the Northern Ireland Assembly).
Some institutions do not have degree-awarding powers but provide complete courses leading to recognised UK degrees that are validated by institutions which have degree-awarding powers.
The UK authorities recognise those institutions which have been granted degree-awarding powers by either a Royal charter, an Act of Parliament or the Privy Council.
The UK Border Agency maintains a list of institutions licensed to sponsor migrant students so that overseas students can check that they are attending an appropriate institution, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) maintain a directory of higher education providers regulated in England.
Higher Education Degree Datacheck (HEDD) is an initiative sponsored by HEFCE which aims to prevent Higher Education fraud in the UK by maintaining a list of UK degree-awarding bodies, including name changes, mergers and antecedents since 1990, and where institutions that are claiming to be universities are known to be bogus, these are also listed.
The United States Department of Education lacks direct plenary authority to regulate schools and, consequently, the quality of an institution's degree.
However, the Federal Trade Commission works to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and unfair business practices including those in the field of education and alerts United States' consumers about diploma mills by delineating some tell-tale signs in its official web page.
Under the terms of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, the U.S. Secretary of Education is required by law to publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies that the Secretary determines to be reliable authorities on the quality of education or training provided by the institutions of higher education that they accredit.
Some degree mills have taken advantage of the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment by representing themselves as seminaries, since in many jurisdictions religious institutions can legally offer degrees in religious subjects without government regulation.
Although the DipScam operation in the 1980s led to a decline in diploma mill activity across the United States, the lack of further action by law enforcement, uneven state laws, and the rise of the Internet have combined to reverse many of the gains made in previous years.
Jurisdictions that have restricted or made illegal the use of credentials from unaccredited schools include Oregon, Michigan, Maine, North Dakota, New Jersey, Washington, Nevada, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas.
After swimming competitively in America as a collegian at North Carolina State University, he was an Olympic swimmer for Great Britain and won Olympic gold and bronze medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Duncan Goodhew came to prominence as an international swimmer in 1976, finishing 7th in the 100m breaststroke at the Montreal Olympics that summer.
Four years later, in the 1980 Moscow Olympics, he won gold in the 100m breaststroke, in a time of 1:03.34, and a bronze in the 4x100m medley relay.
He represented England and won three silver medals in the breaststroke events and medley relay, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
At the ASA National British Championships he won the 100 metres breaststroke title in 1976, 1978 and 1980 and the 200 metres breaststroke title in 1976, 1978 and 1980.
On 29 September 2001, Goodhew participated in an international relay off the coast of California from Santa Catalina Island to Santa Monica.
Of the eight international relay teams participating, each team had one swimmer with MS. Goodhew swam on the same team as organizer and MS activist Taylor MH.
He appears in several episodes of Dave Gorman's Important Astrology Experiment, after Dave was instructed to befriend somebody with his initials, but whose life was very different.
James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, (23 October 1861 – 4 April 1947), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1868 to 1903, was a British statesman.
The Right Reverend Lord William Cecil, Lord Cecil of Chelwood and Lord Quickswood were his younger brothers, and Prime Minister Arthur Balfour his first cousin.
He started public life early, being of a very young age when he accompanied his father to the 1876–1877 Constantinople Conference and a year later to the Congress of Berlin.
He was elected for Rochester at a by-election in 1893, continuing as MP there until 1903, when he succeeded his father and was elevated to the House of Lords.
Lord Cranborne was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 4th (Militia) battalion Bedfordshire Regiment (formerly the Hertfordshire Militia) on 29 October 1892, and was in command when the battalion saw active service in South Africa from March to November 1900, during the Second Boer War.
He received the Queen's South Africa Medal and was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) for his service during the war.
In July 1902 he received the Honorary Freedom of the borough of Hertford in recognition of his service during the war.
He served under his father and then his cousin Arthur Balfour as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1900 to 1903, under Balfour as Lord Privy Seal from 1903 to 1905, and as Lord President of the Board of Trade in 1905.
He returned to the government in the 1920s and served under Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1922 to 1923, as Lord President of the Council from 1922 to 1924, as Lord Privy Seal from 1924 to 1929 and as Leader of the House of Lords from 1925 to 1929 in successive Conservative governments of Bonar Law and Baldwin.
He resigned as leader of the Conservative peers in June 1931 and became one of the most prominent opponents of Indian Home Rule in the Lords, supporting the campaign waged in the House of Commons by Winston Churchill against the Home Rule legislation.
He was also Honorary Colonel of Royal Field Artillery in the Territorial Detachment and the 48th South Midland Division Royal Engineers (TA).
Salisbury was part of two parliamentary deputations which called on the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, in the autumn of 1936 to remonstrate with them about the slow pace of British rearmament in the face of the growing threat from Nazi Germany.
The delegation was led by Sir Austen Chamberlain, a former Foreign Secretary and its most prominent speakers included Winston Churchill, Leo Amery and Roger Keyes.
Lord Salisbury married Lady Cicely Alice Gore (born 15 July 1867, died 5 February 1955), second daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran, on 17 May 1887 at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster.
Between 1907 and 1910 she served as a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Alexandra; additionally she was appointed an Officer of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, and as a Justice of the Peace for Hertfordshire.
Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans (23 March 1865 – 8 March 1941), was a Belgian politician associated with the Liberal Party.
As a politician he became Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1918 to 1920 (and again from 1927 to 1935), minister of justice from 1926 to 1927, and member of the council of ministers from 1935 to 1936.
Britain, France and Russia pledged in the Declaration of Sainte-Adresse in February 1916 that Belgium would be included in the peace negotiations, but its independence would be restored, and that it would receive a monetary compensation for Germany for the damage.
When war began, Hymans also got major promises of relief support from the United States, with the approval of President Wilson.
Relief was directed primarily by an American Herbert Hoover and involved several agencies: Commission for Relief in Belgium, American Relief Administration, and Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation.
At the Paris peace conference in 1919, Belgium officially ended its long time neutral status, and became first in line to receive reparations payments from Germany.
However, Belgium received only a small bit of German territory, and was rejected in its demands for all of Luxembourg and part of the Netherlands.
Hymans was the leading spokesman for the small countries at Paris, and became president of the first assembly of the new league of Nations.
He Hymans helped form the customs union of Belgium and Luxembourg (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) in 1921 and played a leading part in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924.
In the liturgical year of some Christian denominations, Passion Sunday is the fifth Sunday of Lent, marking the beginning of the two-week period called Passiontide.
In 1969, the Roman Catholic Church removed Passiontide from the liturgical year of the Novus Ordo form of the Mass, but the day remains observed on the fifth Sunday in the Extraordinary Form mass, as well as by the Anglican Communion and by Lutherans.
It marked the beginning of a two-week-long period known as Passiontide, which is still observed by some traditionalist Catholics, Western Rite Orthodoxy, various denominations in Protestantism.
Pope Paul VI's revision in 1969 removed a distinction that existed (although with overlap) between Lent and Passiontide, which began with the fifth Sunday of Lent.
Where this practice is followed, crucifixes remain covered until the end of the Good Friday celebration of the Lord's Passion; statues remain covered until the beginning of the Easter Vigil.
Because of the custom of veiling crucifixes and statues in the church before Mass on the fifth Sunday of Lent, this Sunday was called Black Sunday in Germany, where the veils, which elsewhere were generally violet, were of black colour.
Those who continue to observe earlier forms of the Roman Rite or of liturgies modelled on it refer to the fifth Sunday of Lent by one or other of its previous names.
The historical readings for the fifth Sunday of Lent in the Lutheran tradition are Genesis 12:1–3, Hebrews 9:11–15, John 8:46–59, and Psalm 43.
The lectionary of the same liturgical text appointed the Old Testament reading as being Gen. 22:1–2, 9–13; the Epistle as being Heb.
Until 1969, the account read was always that of the Gospel of Matthew: the whole of chapters 26 and 27 () until 1954, but reduced in 1955 to and for priests celebrating a second or a third Mass on that day to alone.
Since 1970, the revision of the Roman Missal has introduced a three-year cycle in which the accounts of Matthew ( or ), Mark ( or ) and Luke ( or are read in successive years.
Hynes was born on September 22, 1897, the son of Bernard Hynes of Abbey Street, Loughrea, County Galway, Ireland, who emigrated to Boston about 1890.
He later transferred to the auditing department and was chief clerk in the Mayor's office during James Michael Curley's 1922 to 1926 term.
He was discharged that December due to a reoccurrence of a chronic ear issue and returned to the city clerk's office.
The city charter allowed the president of the city council to serve as acting mayor in the mayor's absence, but his powers were limited unless the mayor was deceased.
The Massachusetts General Court passed emergency legislation to bypass council president John B. Kelly, who had recently been acquitted on bribery charges and was in ill health, and to grant full Mayoral powers to Hynes (who as city clerk was second in the line of succession) until Curley's release from prison.
Stung by this off-hand but disparaging comment about his performance as acting mayor, Hynes decided to challenge Curley in the November 1949 election, and defeated him.
Because of a change to the mayoral election system, the next election was held in November 1951, when Hynes again defeated Curley.
Hynes faced Curley a third time in the 1955 mayoral race; Curley was eliminated in the preliminary election, and Hynes defeated John E. Powers in the general election.
During his tenure as mayor, he oversaw the opening of the Central Artery elevated highway through the city's waterfront district, as well as the opening of the Freedom Trail, which traces many of Boston's Revolutionary War era landmarks.
He was responsible for founding the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), which laid the foundation for developments in Boston in the 1950s and beyond including the controversial razing of the West End.
Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury, (27 August 1893 – 23 February 1972), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1903 to 1947, was a British Conservative politician.
In 1928, he was appointed a director and to the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts; he was promoted to chairman of the commission in 1957.
Salisbury, as Viscount Cranborne, was elected as a Conservative to the House of Commons as MP for South Dorset in 1929.
As Parliamentary Secretary to the Lord Privy Seal in 1934 in Ramsay MacDonald's National Government, he was promoted serving as Joint Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1935 to 1938.
He was made Paymaster-General by Winston Churchill in May 1940 for the duration of the Battle of Britain but was appointed Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs from 1940 to 1942.
In 1941, he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in one of his father's titles as Baron Cecil of Essendon.
He was Secretary of State for the Colonies in February–November 1942, Lord Privy Seal between 1942 and 1943, Leader of the House of Lords between 1942 and 1945 and again Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs between 1943 and 1945.
As a friend of Churchill, in 1943, he was appointed President of the English-Speaking Union to promote the universality of the language throughout the British Empire.
His final wartime appointment was as President of the University College of the South West for a statutory ten years before it was converted to university status.
In 1947, King George VI made Salisbury a Knight of the Order of the Garter, and he succeeded his father in the marquessate shortly afterwards.
During the 1950s, when his party returned to office, successively, he served Churchill, Anthony Eden, and Harold Macmillan as Lord Privy Seal from 1951 to 1952; Leader of the House of Lords from 1951 to 1957; Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations in 1952 and Lord President of the Council from December 1952 to 1957.
During the period of the coronation of Elizabeth II, he was appointed Acting Foreign Secretary, as Eden was then seriously ill after a series of botched operations on his bile duct.
During the 1960s, Lord Salisbury continued to be a staunch defender of the white-dominated governments in South Africa and in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and was granted the Freedom of the City of Salisbury on a visit in 1956.
He was also a fierce opponent of liberal-left attempts to reform the House of Lords, but he created what is known as the Salisbury Convention, under which the House of Lords will not oppose the second or third reading of any government legislation promised in its election manifesto.
Lord Salisbury resigned from his position as Leader of the House of Lords in opposition to the Government's decision to release Archbishop Makarios from his detention in the Seychelles.
Makarios, the Archbishop of Cyprus, had been arrested because the British perceived that he was encouraging inter-communal violence and terrorism in Cyprus during the so-called 'Cyprus Question'.
In 1970, students at the university staged an occupation at Senate House to demand his removal over his support for apartheid and other reactionary views.
Lord Salisbury married Elizabeth Vere Cavendish, daughter of Lord Richard Cavendish and his wife Lady Moyra de Vere Beauclerk (a daughter of The 10th Duke of St Albans), on 8 December 1915.
Lord Salisbury died in February 1972, at 78, and was succeeded by his eldest and only surviving son, Robert, who became the 6th Marquess.
Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou (; 28 October 1932 – 12 March 2002) was one of the most prominent politicians and barristers of modern Cyprus.
In 1952 he was appointed Secretary of Archbishop Makarios in London and in 1954 he assumed responsibility for the Office of the Secretary of the Cyprus Ethnarchy in London, the major objective of which was to inform British public opinion on the Cyprus issue.
There, he collaborated with the Panhellenic Committee for Self-Determination for Cyprus which aimed to raise the profile of the Cyprus case on the international scene.
He stayed in London until the signing of the London – Zurich Agreements for the independence of Cyprus and returned to Cyprus with Archbishop Makarios in March 1959.
During the transitional period after the signing of the agreements on Cyprus, Kyprianou represented the Greek Cypriot side at the Athens Conference for the drafting of the Agreement on the Application of the Tripartite Alliance (Cyprus – Greece – Turkey), this was provided for in the London – Zurich Agreements.
After the declaration of the independence of Cyprus in August 1960, the President of the Republic of Cyprus Archbishop Makarios appointed Kyprianou Minister of Justice and, a few days later, Minister of Foreign Affairs.
As Minister of Foreign Affairs, he repeatedly represented Cyprus at the UN Security Council, and in sessions of the U.N. General Assembly during debates on the Cyprus issue.
He also participated in meetings of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, of which he served as Chairman from April to December 1967.
He resigned from his post as Minister of Foreign Affairs on 5 May 1972, after a dispute with the military regime in Athens.
On 1 August 1974, following the coup of the Greek junta and the Turkish invasion in Cyprus, Kyprianou went to Athens where he had talks with the Government of National Unity, which took over following the collapse of the junta.
In September 1974, he headed the Cyprus delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations during the debate on Cyprus.
In the parliamentary elections of 5 September 1976, the Democratic Party won 21 seats out of a total of 35 in the House of Representatives, and Kyprianou was elected President of the House.
After the death of the President of the Republic Archbishop Makarios on 3 August 1977, Kyprianou became Acting President of the Republic, in accordance with the constitution.
On 3 September 1977, he was unanimously elected President of the Republic to serve the remaining term of office of Archbishop Makarios.
In the presidential elections of 28 February 1978, and 13 February 1983, he was reelected as President of the Republic, the first time being elected unopposed.
As President of the Republic of Cyprus, he visited many countries and participated in sessions of the United Nations, as well as summit conferences of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Commonwealth of Nations.
His second son, Markos Kyprianou, served as a European Commissioner from 2004 to 2008 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
Corporate tenants conducting research and development in Thailand Science Park receive maximum investment privileges from the Thailand Board of Investment (BOI).
Facilities include a library, an infirmary, a bank, a savings cooperative, a residence hall, a nursery (daycare center), a grocery store, two food courts, and a number of coffee shops and restaurants.
In addition to advanced facilities and business space, the TSP offers a full range of value-added services to support technology businesses.
Also in the park is the Thailand Technology Information Access Center (now the Science and Technology Knowledge Service Center or STKS), a provider of on-line information services.
Luis Kutner (June 9, 1908 – March 1, 1993), was a US human rights activist and lawyer who co-founded Amnesty International with Peter Benenson in 1961, and created the concept of a living will.
He was a founder of World Habeas Corpus, an organization created to fight for international policies which would protect individuals against unwarranted imprisonment.
Kutner gained national recognition in 1949, when he obtained freedom for a black mechanic from Waukegan, Illinois, who had served 26 years of a life term sentence for raping an itinerant.
He also helped free Hungarian Cardinal József Mindszenty, American expatriate poet Ezra Pound, former Congo President Moise Tshombe and represented the Dalai Lama and Tibet.
When the French government indicted World Citizen Garry Davis on June 8, 1971 for issuing the World Passport from his home in Hesinque, Haut-Rhin, he engaged Dr. Luis Kutner as counsel during the trial at Mulhouse, H.R.
Following the trial, on June 10, 1971, Davis called a General Assembly of delegates of the World Government of World Citizens at Novetal, Sausheim, H.R.
to declare the founding of the World Court of Human Rights, based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, articles 6 to 11.
On July 27, 2011, The World Court of Human Rights was declared de juris by World Citizen Garry Davis from the War Memorial Opera House from where the United Nations was declared over 66 years prior.
The international community has come to realize that human rights are not an issue to be left solely to the national jurisdiction of individual states.
If we accept the legitimacy of individual choice in political matters-which is, after all, the essence of democracy-then the legitimacy of a world government chosen by millions of ordinary citizens cannot be in doubt.
What began as a declaration of intent on December 10, 1948 has been slowly evolving into a global compact, a set of rules that proscribe and prescribe the behavior of governments toward their citizens.
There exists today a codified body of international human rights laws that include conventions and covenants on genocide, civil and political, economic and social rights, refugees' and women's rights and racial discrimination.
The inter-national community is currently working on instruments to prevent torture, to protect the rights of children and to assure the freedom of religion.
They lead inevitably to this assembly today, We are the citizens concerned, We are the ultimate arbiters of human rights as they are innate and inalienable .
Our action today in founding a new court to which the single world citizen can appeal falls within the historical evolution of law itself as an evolving institution.
After all, the standards and norms enumerated and outlined in international human rights instruments have not been imposed on any of the nations that are party to then.
Indeed the very enunciation and acceptance of these basic human rights implies due process to insure their implementation and punishment to their violators.
Yet they were effectively used by the Allies to charge, convict and condemn those accused of the international crimes of war planning, war-making and genocide.
Before this assembly, I pledge my best and most devoted endeavors as Chief Justice of the World Court of Human Rights in the service of the oppressed, the persecuted and the downtrodden.
It has been said that the guarantees of personal liberty and impartial justice are the first casualties of a so-called national emergency.
The World Government of World Citizens that you here represent, is the only effective counter- balance to national citizenry becoming national servitude due to suppression of civil liberties in the name of national security and public order.
Now the newly declared World Court of Human Rights will take its place as a needful addition to provide a legal refuge.
According to the Bank of Thailand (BOT) foreign direct investment (FDI) in Thailand in the first half of 2016 fell by more than 90 percent in value to US$347 million.
Foreign investors are satisfied with the integrity of BOI staff, but least satisfactory for foreign investors is responses and explanations from BOI staffers.
Born in Kensington, Beevor was educated at two independent schools; Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire, followed by Winchester College in Hampshire.
He then went to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, where he studied under the military historian John Keegan, before receiving a commission in the 11th Hussars on 28 July 1967.
Beevor served in England and Germany and was promoted to lieutenant on 28 January 1969 before resigning his commission on 5 August 1970.
Beevor has been a visiting professor at the School of History, Classics and Archaeology at Birkbeck, University of London and at the University of Kent.
They have been praised for their vivid, compelling style, their treatment of the ordinary lives of combatants and civilians and the use of newly disclosed documents from Soviet archives.
Beevor's expertise has been the subject of some commentary; his publications have been praised as revitalizing interest in World War II topics and have allowed readers to reevaluate events such as D-Day from a new perspective.
In August 2015, Russia's Yekaterinburg region considered the banning of Beevor's books, accusing him of Nazi sympathies, citing his lack of Russian sources when writing about Russia, and claiming he had promoted false stereotypes introduced by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats, are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers.
Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of estuarine silts, clays and marine animal detritus.
Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the intertidal zone, and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily.
Several especially shallow mudflat areas, such as the Wadden Sea, are now popular among those practising the sport of mudflat hiking.
On the Baltic Sea coast of Germany in places, mudflats are exposed not by tidal action, but by wind-action driving water away from the shallows into the sea.
They usually support a large population of wildlife, and are a key habitat that allows tens of millions of migratory shorebirds to migrate from breeding sites in the northern hemisphere to non-breeding areas in the southern hemisphere.
However, mudflats worldwide are under threat from predicted sea level rises, land claims for development, dredging due to shipping purposes, and chemical pollution.
In some parts of the world, such as East and South-East Asia, mudflats have been reclaimed for aquaculture, agriculture, and industrial development.
For example, around the Yellow Sea region of East Asia, more than 65% of mudflats present in the early 1950s had been destroyed by the late 2000s.
The associated growth of coastal sediment deposits can be attributed to rates of subsidence along with rates of deposition (example: silt transported via river) and changes in sea level.
Beginning in close proximity to the tidal bars, sand dominated layers are prominent and become increasingly muddy throughout the tidal channels.
Kurtzman's working method has been likened to that of an auteur, and he expected those who illustrated his stories to follow his layouts strictly.
The comic book switched to a magazine format in 1955, and Kurtzman left it in 1956 over a dispute with EC's owner William Gaines over financial control.
from 1960 to 1965, a humor magazine which featured work by future Monty Python member Terry Gilliam and the earliest work of underground cartoonists such as Robert Crumb and Gilbert Shelton.
His work gained greater recognition toward the end of his life, and he oversaw deluxe reprintings of much of his work.
Harvey Kurtzman was born on October 3, 1924, in a tenement building on 428 East Ninety-Eighth Street in Brooklyn in New York City.
David joined the Christian Science church, and when he suffered a bleeding ulcer he turned to prayer to cure it; he died from it on November 29, 1928, at age 36.
The family was in such desperate financial straits that their mother placed the Kurtzman brothers in an orphanage for three months until she secured work as a milliner.
Perkes brought young Kurtzman to work, and encouraged him to help with design and drawing and to think of himself as a professional artist.
Though he was a shy boy his teachers recognized Kurtzman's intelligence in grade school and allowed him to skip a grade.
He displayed artistic talent early and his sidewalk chalk drawings drew the attention of children and adults, who gathered around to watch him draw.
His mother encouraged his artistic development and enrolled him in art lessons; on Saturdays, he took the subway to Manhattan for formal art instruction.
Unsatisfied with what he found in his parents' newspapers, he searched through garbage cans for the Sunday comics sections of his neighbors' newspapers.
After winning the annual John Wanamaker Art Contest, Kurtzman received a scholarship to attend high school at The High School of Music & Art.
After his discharge following the war, Kurtzman found competition fierce in the comics industry, as freelancing replaced the system of packaging shops.
After a series of short-lived assignments and partnerships, Kurtzman got together with former Music and Art alumni Will Elder and Charles Stern.
In their Broadway studio, which Kurtzman kept open until the end of 1951, they sublet space to cartoonists such as John Severin, Dave Berg, and René Goscinny.
At an Art and Music reunion in early 1946 Kurtzman met Adele Hasan, who was one of the staff members at Timely and was dating Will Elder.
She left Timely for college that autumn, and corresponded frequently with Kurtzman; soon she dropped out of college and the two married that September.
These stories presented a view of reality quite different from the escapist entertainment typical of comics of the day, and was to influence the war and social drama work Kurtzman was soon to do at EC Comics.
The comic book differed in offering realistic stories in place of Crane's idealism, a degree of realism not yet seen in American comics.
The stories were not only about modern war, but also derived from deep in history, such as the Roman legions and Napoleonic campaigns.
He spent hours in the New York Public Library in search of the detailed truth behind the stories he was writing, sometimes taking days or weeks to research a story.
His research included interviewing and corresponding with GIs taking a ride aboard a rescue plane, and sending his assistant Jerry DeFuccio for a ride in a submarine to gather sound effects.
He sought to tell what he saw as the objective truth about war, deglamorizing it and showing its futility, though the stories were not explicitly anti-war.
The artists generally respected Kurtzman's wishes out of respect for his creative authority, but some, like Bernie Krigstein and Dan Barry, felt their own artistic autonomy impinged upon.
Kurtzman's laborious working methods meant he was less prolific than fellow EC writer and editor Al Feldstein, and Kurtzman felt financially underappreciated for the amount of effort he poured into his work.
He believed these stories had the same sort of influence on children that the chauvinism of war comics which he believed he worked hard against in his own work.
Remembering Kurtzman's humor work from the 1940s, Gaines proposed a humor magazine to increase Kurtzman's income, as he believed it would take far less time and effort to research.
They were developed in the same incremental way Kurtzman had developed for the war stories, and his layouts were followed faithfully by the artists who drew them—most frequently, Will Elder, Jack Davis and Wally Wood.
The proposal included seven finished pages, as well as a page redone by Jack Davis in case publishers' rejections were due to Kurtzman's drawing style.
The ambitious project did not find a willing publisher, as comics were still seen as too low-brow for such lavish treatment.
The Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency brought pressure on such comic books in 1954, and EC, one of the major purveyors of such fare, found their wares being refused by their distributor.
The new presentation was ambitious, and included meticulously rendered advertisement parodies and text pieces by humorists such as Ernie Kovacs, Stan Freberg, and Steve Allen.
Only artist Jack Davis became an equal shareholder and the only salaried employee despite declining to financially back the project; his participation was considered vital to its success.
With Kurtzman in the lead the reinvigorated, close-knit group set out to produce a classy publication in the vein of college humor magazines, but aimed at a general readership.
Kurtzman proposed a book of original material designed for the format, which Ian Ballantine, with reservations, accepted on faith out of respect for Kurtzman.
The strip was a social allegory of a hipster grasshopper and a hard-working ant with opposing worldviews, both of whom lose out in the end.
It was a rarity for Kurtzman in that he created it in full color, rather in black-and-white lineart with color added afterward.
Warren Publishing ran the business end, while co-ownership of the magazine allowed Kurtzman the control that he wanted, though its tight budget restricted that control.
had introduced a number of young cartoonists who were to play a major part in the movement, including Robert Crumb, Jay Lynch, Gilbert Shelton, Spain Rodriguez, and Skip Williamson.
The actual target of the strip had however been Hefner, who loved it; Kurtzman began working for Hefner again soon after.
(1967), a job he got through the recommendation of Jack Davis, who had been doing character designs for the film's production company Rankin/Bass.
Kurtzman, who had suffered from Parkinson's disease and colon cancer in later life, died at Mount Vernon, New York on February 21, 1993, of complications from liver cancer, nine months after Bill Gaines' death.
Kurtzman's work allowed him to be at home with his children during the day, and he gave them much of his attention.
As Peter had low-functioning autism, the Kurtzmans volunteered locally for work with special needs children, and in 1986 began an annual charity auction, raising money by selling the artwork of cartoonists for the Association for Mentally Ill Children of Westchester, which Adele continued to oversee following her husband's death.
The stories he created and had others illustrate balance captions and dialogue, in contrast with, for example, Al Feldstein's EC stories, in which the artists had to compensate for the text which dominated the page.
In the war stories he drew himself he employed an drawing style that distorted figures in expressive ways more akin to modern art than the stylizations of contemporary superhero or funny animal comics.
After deciding on a story and an ending which had impact, he laid out thumbnail sketches in miniature, with captions and dialogue.
He prepared layouts on large pieces of vellum to pass on to the artists, with supplemental photographs and drawings, and personally led the artist through the story before the finished artwork was begun.
He would then create a larger version of the page on vellum with a image area, which he would create using colored markers, working his way up from lighter to darker colors as he tightened the composition.
He would pass this on to Elder to render the final image following Kurtman's layouts exactly after having the image transferred to illustration board.
Along with cartoonists such as Will Eisner, Jack Kirby, and Carl Barks, Kurtzman is regularly cited as one of the defining creators of the Golden Age of American comic books.
Harvey was a master of composition, tone and visual rhythm, both within the panel and among the panels comprising the page.
The claim was based on changes to copyright laws made in 1976, in which copyrights sold could be reclaimed by the original independent creators at the time of copyright renewal.
Under these laws Jerry Siegel's estate was able to regain rights to Superman from DC Comics, but work-made-for-hire creations by Jack Kirby and Marv Wolfman were found ineligible.
The second volume in the series Playboy’s TRUMP, a collection of the 1950s satire magazine created by Kurtzman and Hugh Hefner, was published in 2016.
Thomas Eugene Kurtz (born February 22, 1928) is a retired Dartmouth professor of mathematics and computer scientist, who along with his colleague John G. Kemeny set in motion the then revolutionary concept of making computers as freely available to college students as library books were, by implementing the concept of time-sharing at Dartmouth College.
In his mission to allow non-expert users to interact with the computer, he co-developed the BASIC programming language (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) and the Dartmouth Time Sharing System during 1963 to 1964.
A native of Oak Park, Illinois, United States, Kurtz graduated from Knox College in 1950, and was awarded a Ph.D. degree from Princeton University in 1956, where his advisor was John Tukey, and joined the Mathematics Department of Dartmouth College that same year, where he taught statistics and numerical analysis.
In 1983, Kurtz and Kemeny co-founded a company called True BASIC, Inc. to market True BASIC, an updated version of the language.
Kurtz has also served as Council Chairman and Trustee of EDUCOM, as well as Trustee and Chairman of NERComP, and on the Pierce Panel of the President's Scientific Advisory Committee.
In 1974, the American Federation of Information Processing Societies gave an award to Kurtz and Kemeny at the National Computer Conference for their work on BASIC and time-sharing.
In 1991, the Computer Society honored Kurtz with the IEEE Computer Pioneer Award and in 1994 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 1951, Kurtz' first experience with computing came at the Summer Session of the Institute for Numerical Analysis at University of California, Los Angeles.
He graduated in 1950 when he obtained his bachelor's degree majoring in mathematics and in 1956, at the age of 28, he went on to acquire his PhD from Princeton University.
In 1963 to 1964, Kurtz and Kemeny developed the first version of the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System, a time-sharing system for university use, and the BASIC language.
From 1966 to 1975, Kurtz served as Director of the Kiewit Computation Center at Dartmouth, and from 1975 to 1978, Director of the Office of Academic Computing.
From 1980 to 1988 Kurtz was Director of the Computer and Information Systems program at Dartmouth, a ground-breaking multidisciplinary graduate program to develop IS leaders for industry.
The very first BASIC program ran on May 1, 1964 at 4 a.m., and neither Kemeny nor Kurtz thought of this as a start to something grand.
In an open letter he reiterates upon past statements that BASIC was invented to give students a simple programming language that was easy to learn, as all the current languages of the time were dedicated to professionals.
He then went on to say that BASIC was for people who did not want to dedicate their lives to programming.
The repetition of this idea by Kurtz accentuates that even through all of his success the language he wrote would remain implemented for the masses and not just specialists.
BASIC standards were created in the 1980s for the ECMA, and ANSI with their versions being released in 1986 and 1987 respectively.
BASIC popularity skyrocketed in 1975 after a pair of youngsters in a Harvard dormitory, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, created a version of BASIC that was viable on one of the earliest personal computers.
Kemeny and Kurtz had forged DARSIMCO – Dartmouth Simplified Code – Dartmouth’s inaugural attempt at making a computing language in 1956; however DARSIMCO soon became obsolete when the language FORTRAN manifested itself.
In 1962 Kemeny and a Dartmouth undergraduate, Sidney Marshall, created the language DOPE, Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment, which was a direct predecessor of BASIC.
Kurtz's experience with Dartmouth ALGOL 30 for the LGP-30 convinced him that devising subsets of these languages was not quite practical, and this led him to adopt Kemeny’s notion of creating a new language entirely.
Although BASIC was widely regarded as a success, many computing professionals thought it was a poor choice for larger and more complicated programs.
A further criticism of the original language was that it was unstructured, which made it difficult to split programs into separate parts to improve readability.
BASIC not being structured also hindered the ability to debug and modify parts of the code, and this limited its use by larger companies.
Operation Horseshoe was the name given to an alleged plan of ethnic cleansing of Kosovo Albanians to be carried out by Serbian police and the Yugoslav army.
The operation's title suggest that the Yugoslav Army and police would squeeze the KLA and civilians in an attack launched from three sides, driving out the population as refugees fled through the open southwestern end of the horseshoe into Macedonia and Albania.
He stated that the German government had unearthed operational plans agreed by Yugoslav commanders in late February 1999 to carry out a massive ethnic cleansing operation in Kosovo.
Further details were provided on 9 April by Rudolf Scharping, the German Defence Minister, at a press conference held in Bonn.
He presented maps containing the names of towns and villages which showed arrows representing Yugoslav army and police militia units progressively encircling Kosovo in a horseshoe-shaped pincer movement.
According to Radio Television of Serbia the report was drafted by Bulgarian intelligence services based on the analysis of early 1999 events.
Former Bulgarian foreign minister Nadezhda Neynsky acknowledged in 2012 that the then-Bulgarian government had delivered information to Germany and NATO about Milošević's alleged plan to ethnically cleanse Kosovo.
She said she had delivered the document about the operation to the then German foreign minister, Joschka Fischer, in April 1999, although Neynsky had denied doing so in March 2000.
She also said the Bulgarian government back in 1999 went for providing NATO with the report on the Horseshoe plan even though the Bulgarian military intelligence warned that the information could not be verified.
Yugoslav Army military response to KLA attacks culminated in Operation Horseshoe directed not only against KLA fighters but also including systematic expulsions of Kosovar civilians.
Some date Operation Horseshoe's effective beginning to the summer of 1998, when hundreds of thousands of Kosovar Albanians were driven from their homes.
In 1999, the Yugoslav Army, Serbian police and Serb paramilitary, in an organized manner, with significant use of state resources, conducted a broad campaign of violence against Albanian civilians to expel them from Kosovo and thus maintain political control of Belgrade over the province.
According to the legally binding verdict of the ICTY, police after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (24 March 1999), federal Army and Serbian police systematically attacked villages with Albanian population, abused, robbed and killed civilians, ordering them to go to Albania or Montenegro, burning their houses and destroying by their property.
Within the campaign of violence, Albanians were expelled en masse from their homes, murdered, sexually assaulted, and their religious buildings destroyed.
Ethnic cleansing of the Albanian population is performed by the following model: first the army surrounded a place, then followed the shelling, then the police entered the village, and often with them and the army, and then crimes occurs (murders, rapes, beatings, expulsions...).
Expelled Kosovar Albanians were systematically stripped of identity and property documents including passports, land titles, automobile license plates, identity cards and other documents.
Physicians for Human Rights reports that nearly 60 percent of respondents to its survey observed Serbian forces removing or destroying personal identification documents.
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, by March 1999 (prior to NATO bombing), more than 200,000 Albanian civilians were internally displaced, almost 70,000 Albanians had fled the province to neighboring countries and Montenegro, and a further 100,000 Yugoslav nationals, mostly Kosovar Albanians, had sought asylum in Western Europe.
Within three weeks of the start of NATO strategic bombing during the Kosovo War, there were 525,787 refugees from Kosovo in neighboring countries.
By June 1999, the Yugoslav military, Serbian police and paramilitaries expelled 862,979 Albanians from Kosovo, A claim disputed by many Serbian politicians.
Radio Television of Serbia never showed the columns of Albanians expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries, except when a convoy of fleeing Albanians was killed by NATO bombs.
Moreover, Milošević's propaganda trying to convince international public that huge columns of refugees fleeing Kosovo because of NATO's bombing, not Yugoslav Army military operations.
According to Loquai, the Bulgarian analysis concluded that the goal of the Yugoslav government was to destroy the Kosovo Liberation Army, and not to expel the entire Albanian population.
It is unclear how much advance planning there was for the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo, but the removal of ethnic Abanians was counterproductive as, according to British reporter and political analyst Tim Judah, it removed any possibility that Serbia would be allowed to retain control of Kosovo.
Young Masson was educated at the college of Sainte Barbe, and at the lycée Louis-le-Grand, and then travelled in Germany and in England.
At first he devoted himself to the history of diplomacy, and published between 1877 and 1884 several volumes connected with that subject.
Later he published a number of more or less curious memoirs illustrating the history of the Revolution and of the empire.
These were notes, extracts from historical, philosophical and literary books, and personal reflections in which one can watch the growth of the ideas later carried out by the emperor with modifications necessitated by the force of circumstances and his own genius.
These works abound in details and amusing anecdotes, which throw much light on the events and men of the time, laying stress on the personal, romantic and dramatic aspects of history.
His personal library, his papers, his collection of paintings and objects about Napoléon are conserved now in the Fondation Dosne-Thiers, 27 place Saint-Georges, 75009 Paris (France).
BepiColombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet Mercury.
The mission will perform a comprehensive study of Mercury, including characterization of its magnetic field, magnetosphere, and both interior and surface structure.
It was launched on an Ariane 5 rocket on 20 October 2018 at 01:45 UTC, with an arrival at Mercury planned for December 2025, after a flyby of Earth, two flybys of Venus, and six flybys of Mercury.
The mission was approved in November 2009, after years in proposal and planning as part of the European Space Agency's Horizon 2000+ programme; it is the last mission of the programme to be launched.
ESA is responsible for the overall mission, the design, development assembly and test of the propulsion and MPO modules, and the launch.
The spacecraft will have a seven-year interplanetary cruise to Mercury using solar-electric propulsion (ion thrusters) and gravity assists from Earth, Venus and eventual gravity capture at Mercury.
The mission will characterize the solid and liquid iron core ( of the planet's radius) and determine the size of each.
Russia provided gamma ray and neutron spectrometers to verify the existence of water ice in polar craters that are permanently in shadow from the Sun's rays.
During this time it will use solar-electric propulsion and nine gravity assists, flying past the Earth and Moon in April 2020, Venus in 2020 and 2021, and six Mercury flybys between 2021 and 2025.
After both the spacecraft and the Earth completed one and a half orbits, it returns to Earth to perform a gravity-assist manoeuvre and is deflected towards Venus.
After the fourth Mercury flyby the craft will be in an orbit similar to that of Mercury and will remain in the general vicinity of Mercury (see video).
Only a small manoeuvre is needed to bring the craft into an orbit around Mercury with an apocentre of 178,000 km.
In 2007, Astrium was selected as the prime contractor, and the Soyuz-Fregat launcher was dropped in favor of Ariane 5 as the estimated mass increased.
The initial target launch of July 2014 was postponed several times, mostly because of delays on the development of the solar electric propulsion.
Its four QinetiQ T6 ion thrusters operate singly or in pairs for a maximum combined thrust of 290 mN, making it the most powerful ion engine array ever operated in space.
The MTM supplies electrical power for the two hibernating orbiters as well as for its solar electric propulsion system thanks to two 14-meter-long solar panels.
Depending on the probe's distance to the Sun, the generated power will range between 7 and 14 kW, each T6 requiring between 2.5 and 4.5 kW according to the desired thrust level.
This leads to a flight profile with months-long continuous low-thrust braking phases, interrupted by planetary gravity assists, to gradually reduce the velocity of the spacecraft.
The Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) will have a mass of and will use a single-sided solar array capable of providing up to 1000 watts and featuring Optical Solar Reflectors to keep its temperature below .
The solar array requires continuous rotation keeping the Sun at a low incidence angle in order to generate adequate power while at the same time limiting the temperature.
The MPO will carry a payload of 11 instruments, comprising cameras, spectrometers (IR, UV, X-ray, γ-ray, neutron), a radiometer, a laser altimeter, a magnetometer, particle analysers, a K-band transponder, and an accelerometer.
The payload components are mounted on the nadir side of the spacecraft to achieve low detector temperatures, apart from the MERTIS and PHEBUS spectrometers located directly at the main radiator to provide a better field of view.
Communications will be on the X and K band with an average bit rate of 50 kbit/s and a total data volume of 1550 Gbit/year.
It has a mass of , including a scientific payload consisting of 5 instrument groups, 4 for plasma and dust measuring run by investigators from Japan, and one magnetometer from Austria.
The sides are covered with solar cells which provide 90 W. Communications with Earth will be through a diameter X band phased array high-gain antenna and two medium-gain antennas operating in the X band.
Telemetry will return 160 Gb/year, about 5 kbit/s over the lifetime of the spacecraft, which is expected to be greater than one year.
At the time of cancellation, MSE was meant to be a small, , lander designed to operate for about one week on the surface of Mercury.
Braking manoeuvres would bring the lander to zero velocity at an altitude of at which point the propulsion unit would be ejected, the airbags inflated, and the module would fall to the surface with a maximum impact velocity of .
The MSE would have carried a payload consisting of an imaging system (a descent camera and a surface camera), a heat flow and physical properties package, an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer, a magnetometer, a seismometer, a soil penetrating device (mole), and a micro-rover.
The Workers' Party of Ireland was also a frequent target of satire and investigation in its 1980s heyday over its funding methods which resulted in John Mulcahy receiving threats from the Official IRA.
More recently, it has been highly critical of the Corrib gas pipeline and supports the Shell to Sea and Pobal Chill Chomáin campaigns against the laying of the pipeline.
It published a supplementary summary and commentary on the Goldstone Report on the siege of Gaza and attacked the actions of the Israeli government over the illegal use of Irish passports in the assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, and the Gaza flotilla raid.
Test transmissions began on 27 September 1956, introduced by former 3DB radio announcer Geoff Corke, based at the Mt Dandenong transmitter, as the studios in Richmond were not yet ready.
The station covered the 1956 Summer Olympics which Melbourne hosted., the 1956 Carols By Candlelight and the Davis Cup tennis as part of its test transmissions.
A clip from the ceremony has featured in a number of GTV-9 retrospectives, in which the Governor advises viewers that if they did not like the programs, they could just turn off.
Kennedy was a radio announcer at 3UZ in Melbourne before being 'discovered' by GTV-9 producer Norm Spencer, when appearing on a GTV-9 telethon.
In early 1957 The Argus was acquired by The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd, and the paper was closed on the same day that GTV-9 officially opened.
The Herald in turn sold its interests in the station to Electronic Industries, later acquired by UK television manufacturer Pye, in 1960.
Because of the restriction on foreign ownership of television stations, GTV-9 was then sold to Frank Packer's Australian Consolidated Press, which already owned TCN-9 in Sydney, resulting in the formation of the country's first commercially owned television network.
Son Clyde Packer ran the network for some time, until a falling out led to a handover to younger son Kerry Packer.
In 2010 it was announced to public and then staff, that after 54 years at Bendigo Street, GTV-9 would move day-to-day operations including News and commercial sales to 717 Bourke Street, Docklands.
On 25 October 2010, it was announced that GTV-9 would begin producing larger scale studio productions, such as The Footy Show, Hey Hey its Saturday, and Millionaire Hotseat from the new Docklands Studios Melbourne.
Also while their new fiber link to their transmission site was being completed, a temporary DVB-S2 link was put up on Optus D1, which ceased at the end of the year.
In May, 2012, a lower powered permanent backup DVB-S2 link for their transmission site was re-established on Optus D1, which requires at least a two-metre solid receiving dish.
Tony Jones is the fill-in news presenter for Peter Hitchener on weeknights, with Brett McLeod and Dougal Beatty being the fill-in presenter for Alicia Loxley on weekends.
Naylor's association with Nine lasted 19 years – he retired at the end of 1998, with Naylor replaced by then deputy news presenter Peter Hitchener.
Past weekend sport presenters in recent years have included Leith Mulligan (1999–2006), Heath O'Loughlin (2006–2008), Grant Hackett (2008–2009) and Lisa Andrews (2009–2011).
Beginning in the 1950s Ardon adopted a complex system of symbolic images in his paintings, taken from the Jewish Mystical tradition (Kabbalah), from the Bible and from a tangible reality.
Pupils such as Avigdor Arikha, Yehuda Bacon, Naftali Bezem, Shraga Weil and Shmuel Boneh absorbed these influences and integrated them into their later work.
He attended the University of Breslau from 1885 to 1890, and continued his studies in Munich until 1894, where he became the assistant of Walther Franz Anton von Dyck.
From 1899 to 1909 he worked again as an assistant of von Dyck in Munich; from 1909 to 1910 he was adjunct professor at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena.
The Battle of Idistaviso, sometimes known as a first Battle of Minden or Battle of the Weser River, was fought in 16 AD between Roman legions commanded by Roman emperor Tiberius' heir and adopted son Germanicus, and an alliance of Germanic peoples commanded by Arminius.
The Germanic chief, Arminius, had been instrumental in the organising of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, in which three Roman legions, moving west to winter quarters, were ambushed and annihilated by allied Germanic forces in the deep forests of western Germania.
This defeat plagued the Roman psyche and revenge for this defeat, as well as the neutralisation of the threat of Arminius, were the impetus for Germanicus' campaign.
In the year before the battle, 15 AD, Germanicus had marched against the Chatti and then against the Cherusci under Arminius.
During that campaign, the Romans advanced along the region of the Teutoburg Forest where the legions had been massacred and buried the bones of the Roman soldiers that still lay there.
The Germanic tribes generally avoided open large-scale combat, but by repeated Roman incursions deep into Germanic territory, Germanicus was able to force Arminius, at the head of a large but fractious coalition, into response.
The Romans, along with the Chauci who fought on the Roman side as auxiliaries, defeated the allied Germanic forces, inflicting heavy losses on them.
Many attempting to swim across the Weser died due to a storm of projectiles or by the force of the current.
Many others climbed the tops of trees, and while they were hiding themselves in the boughs, the Romans brought archers up to shoot them down.
The Roman soldiers involved on the battlefield hailed Tiberius as Imperator, and raised a pile of arms as a trophy with the names of the defeated tribes inscribed beneath them.
The sight of the Roman trophy constructed on the battlefield enraged the Germans who were preparing to retreat beyond the Elbe, and they launched an attack on the Roman positions at the Angrivarian Wall, thus beginning a second battle.
Germanicus stated that he did not want any prisoners, as the extermination of the Germanic tribes was the only conclusion he saw for the war.
Afterwards, Germanicus ordered Caius Silius to march against the Chatti with a mixed force of 3,000 cavalry and 33,000 infantry and lay waste of their territory, while he himself, with a larger army, invaded the Marsi for the third time and devastated their land, defeating any foe he encountered.
According to Tacitus, it was taken as certain that the Germanic tribes were considering suing for peace, and that an additional campaign in the next summer would end the war.
They employed it in 14 of their games between 1984 and 1989, before replacing it with a more sophisticated engine, Sierra's Creative Interpreter.
In late 1982, IBM began work on the PCjr, a lower-priced variant of the IBM Personal Computer with improved graphics and sound.
The PCjr's Video Gate Array video adapter could display up to 16 colors at a time—a major improvement over the Color Graphics Adapter's four-color limit.
They ported it to other computing platforms, including the Apple II, Apple II, Macintosh, Amiga, and Atari ST, but the PC remained the primary platform for their games.
Since the SCI engine required a more powerful home computer, Sierra released an AGI version of the game at the same time.
Among SCI's enhancements were a more versatile scripting system, an object-oriented programming model, higher-resolution graphics (320×200 rather than 160×200), a point-and-click interface, and support for additional sound card hardware.
The engine comprised a bespoke programming language called the Game Adaptation Language, a compiler, and a bytecode interpreter (the Adventure Game Interpreter).
The Game Adaptation Language was a high-level programming language that resembled C. This was compiled into bytecode, which was executed by the interpreter.
The PCjr accepted floppy disks with a capacity of 360 kilobytes, and raster graphics would have consumed an excessive amount of disk space.
Beginning with AGI version 2, the game engine drew graphics in an off-screen data buffer, then blitted them into video memory.
This approach was not just to economize use of system resources; it also prevented the game from revealing hidden objects while it drew the screen.
AGI was principally developed for 16-bit computer architectures, which were the state of the art in home computers at the time.
In addition, Sierra ported AGI to three 8-bit computer models: the TRS-80 Color Computer, the Apple IIe, and the Apple IIc.
The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) is an agency of the government of Thailand which supports research in science and technology and its application in the Thai economy.
Several etymologies of Iðavöllr (a location in Norse mythology) have been proposed, and the meaning of the name is considered unclear.
When Tennille's show was preparing to move from San Francisco's Marines Memorial Theatre to Southern California's South Coast Repertory, a call was put out for a replacement keyboardist.
Dragon was between tours when he heard about the opening, met Tennille in San Francisco to audition, and landed the gig.
Dragon later reciprocated by recommending Tennille to the Beach Boys when the band needed an additional keyboardist, and they hired her.
Realizing their collaborative potential when the tour was over, Tennille and Dragon began performing as a duo at the Smokehouse Restaurant in Encino, California.
A wedding date of Valentine's Day 1974 had long been erroneously reported (on their show, Tennille claimed they were married on Valentine's Day), such as on the February 14, 1976 edition of Casey Kasem's American Top 40.
In July 1976, they were invited by First Lady Betty Ford to perform in the East Room of the White House in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II and President Gerald Ford during the country's bicentennial celebration.
However, despite solid ratings success, the duo wanted to focus on their music and touring career and, after one season, asked to be released from their contract.
The first single from this album, the title track, was performed live (although lip synced) during the 1980 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.
Throughout the 1990s, they continued to perform various concert dates at venues around the world, frequently at Harrah's Lake Tahoe and Harrah's Reno, which were located close to their home near Carson City, Nevada.
One of their more notable appearances in that decade occurred when they played at the House of Blues on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles in 1995, as part of their 20th anniversary as an act.
At the same time throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Tennille enjoyed a second career as a big band and pop standard singer, not unlike pop colleague Linda Ronstadt.
At the end of that project, she and Dragon were to have embarked on a 25th anniversary tour; however, the stresses of the road proved too demanding and Captain & Tennille instead put an indefinite hold on their career as a performing duo.
In 2005, Brant Berry, the vice president of a small Portland, Oregon–based entertainment company, Respond 2 Entertainment (R2), signed an agreement with Captain & Tennille to release three projects.
The first was the home video release of Captain & Tennille's 1976 variety series, on a three-disc DVD set containing 11 complete episodes with bonus musical tracks.
Dragon and Tennille spent most of the 1990s and 2000s living in the Carson City area of Nevada, where they had lived for more than fifteen years, and where Tennille served as Ambassador for the Arts for the state.
In the mid-2000s, they temporarily took year-round residence at their second home, located in the Palm Springs area of Southern California.
In 2008 they sold their home near Carson City, and built a house and settled down in Prescott, Arizona, where Tennille participates in the annual Prescott Jazz Summit.
The divorce documents referenced health insurance or health issues, and Tennille had written on her blog in 2010 that Dragon's neurological condition, similar to Parkinson’s, known as essential tremor, was characterized by such extreme tremors he could no longer play keyboards.
Dragon and Tennille remained close friends until his death from complications of kidney failure on January 2, 2019 in Prescott, Arizona.
Vasili Vasilyevich Kuznetsov (; 5 June 1990) was a Russian Soviet politician who acted as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union from 1982 to 1983, for a second time in 1984, and for a third time in 1985.
He took a break from his engineering education when he went to the United States to study metal processing at Carnegie Mellon University from 1931 to 1933.
He was Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities from 12 March 1946 to 12 March 1950 and simultaneously Chairman of the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions from 15 March 1944 to 12 March 1953.
On 7 October 1977 he was elected as First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, a position he held until 18 June 1986.
Upon the deaths of Leonid Brezhnev (1982), Yuri Andropov (1984) and Konstantin Chernenko (1985), Kuznetsov became acting chairman of the Presidium until the election of a successor.
As a twist of fate, quite a number of now lost sagas now survive in the form of rímur composed based on them, and then the sagas were recomposed based on the corresponding rímur.
In the nineteenth century the poet Jónas Hallgrímsson published an influential critique on a rímur cycle by Sigurður Breiðfjörð and the genre as a whole.
Through the ages numerous authors would probably have agreed with this statement, since there is a substantial number of rímur that were turned into prose sagas.
However, it is worth mentioning that Nordal never denied the importance of rímur as an aspect of the history of literature, and in his lectures specifically emphasized their role in keeping the continuity of Icelandic literature, a subject close to his heart.
British Thomson-Houston (BTH) was a British engineering and heavy industrial company, based at Rugby, Warwickshire, England and founded as a subsidiary of the General Electric Company (GE) of Schenectady, New York, USA.
BTH was taken into British ownership and amalgamated with the similar Metropolitan-Vickers company in 1928 to form Associated Electrical Industries (AEI), but the two brand identities were maintained until 1960.
Each year in Rugby there was a big parade of floats run by its apprentices, many of whom lodged in the nearby Coton House apprentice hostel.
The company Laing, Wharton and Down was formed in 1886 to sell products from Thomson-Houston, an American firm known as the American Electric Corporation until 1883.
In 1894 Laing, Wharton and Down purchased patents and exclusive production rights from the American company, now known as General Electric after Thomson-Houston merged with Edison General Electric Company in 1892.
At this stage Laing, Wharton and Down was renamed as British Thomson-Houston and General Electric became the majority owner of the company.
Once BTH had the production licences for Thomson-Houston's products it started setting up factories in the English Midlands, with Rugby, Warwickshire chosen as the main location due to its good accessibility by rail and a local coal supply.
In 1900 BTH bought Glebe Farm on the west side of Mill Road north of the railway in Rugby for £10,000, from Thos.
In the same year BTH got a licence to produce the Curtis steam turbine, which became one of the company's major products.
In 1905 BTH made its first turbo-alternator and in 1911 got licences for all of General Electric's drawn-wire light bulbs, which it produced under the Mazda trademark.
For much of the late 19th century BTH competed for electrical generation and distribution contracts with British Westinghouse, mirroring the same company's battles in the US between their parents, General Electric and Westinghouse.
On 22 December 1898 BTH opened the Cork Electric Tramways and Lighting Company, followed by the Isle of Thanet Electric Tramways on 4 April 1901 and the Chatham and District Light Railways Company in June 1902.
In 1907 BTH started a joint venture with Wolseley Motors to make petrol-electric buses and in 1909 the company supplied major coal-fired steam generators to London to power an electric trolley system that was being set up.
During World War I BTH expanded into naval electrical equipment, supplying the Royal Navy with various lighting, radio and signalling gear.
In 1926 Gerard Swope, president of General Electric, proposed that BTH, Westinghouse, General Electric Company (GEC) and English Electric should amalgamate.
Lord Hirst of GEC was not interested in Swope's scheme, but a new holding company was formed, Associated Electrical Industries (AEI), and in 1928 AEI bought BTH and Metropolitan-Vickers (Metrovick).
BTH had been in the process of buying Edison Swan (Ediswan) and Ferguson, Pailin & Co, with AEI completing the purchases in 1929.
In the late 1920s AEI started to build buildings west of the footpath that runs north through the AEI site in Rugby to the Leicester Road (known in the area as the Black Path because it was surfaced with cinders).
During World War II BTH expanded north of the River Avon into the Boughton Road site to make magnetos for aircraft engines and other war products.
BTH had a major role in developing the world's first prototype jet engine, which was built by Frank Whittle's Power Jets company built at the BTH works in Rugby in 1937.
BTH's directors seemed skeptical of the design and offered little help, and in 1940 decided they were not really interested in making jet engines due to their commitment to electrical equipment.
Rover was soon selected to make jet engines, but exchanged jet engine production with Rolls-Royce for making tank engines in 1943.
He returned as chairman between 1954 and 1963 and oversaw the opening of a massive new £8 million turbine works was opened at Larne in 1957.
In 1955 AEI acquired Siemens Brothers, which was merged with Edison Swan in 1957 to form the Siemens Edison Swan subsidiary.
Rivalry with Metrovick intensified, particularly after BTH won the contract to build the new Buenos Aires Central Costanera S.A. power station, valued at £35 million, in 1957.
The Ediswan trademark appeared on semiconductors in 1956 and the following year British Rail Class 15 diesel-electric locomotives were designed by BTH.
To try to cure internal political and efficiency problems, AEI stopped using the BTH and Metrovick names on 1 January 1960.
Continued attempts to streamline what was two separate management structures continued to fail, and by the mid-60s the entire AEI group was in financial trouble.
This was followed by the building and commissioning of the 25M Chilbolton (radar) Dish at Chilbolton Observatory between 1963 and 1967.
At this point the size of the Rugby site peaked, with all of the company's land west of the Black Path built over.
GEC-AEI Electronics (Blackbird Road and New Parks, Leicester) was merged with Marconi's Radar Division (Chelmsford) and Elliott's Aerospace Control Division to form Marconi Radar Systems Ltd. (MRSL) in 1969.
The firm's clubhouse on Hillmorton Road was demolished in 2007, and the south edge of its surrounding sports field was encroached along for house building.
Quartzelec, and Converteam worked on electrical engineering projects in some of the early BTH buildings, notably buildings 4, 193 and 140.
In 2012 Converteam was bought out by General Electric, therefore coming full circle back to when they were partnered in AEI.
The research centre was based at Aldermaston Court a large stately home owned by AEI that had been requisitioned for military use in the war era.
One of the BTH-built batch of New Zealand Railways DSC class Bo-Bo shunters has been preserved and is used in industrial service, complete with original Rolls-Royce engines.
The former Central Police Station of Hong Kong, located at the eastern end of Hollywood Road, in Central, Hong Kong has been redeveloped into a cultural and shopping destination generally called Tai Kwun ().
Subsequently in 1925, the two-storey Stable Block was constructed at the north-west end of the parade ground and later used as an armoury.
Many police stations were built during this period due to the large number of people who moved to Hong Kong from mainland China and the corresponding need to maintain law and order.
In the past, the police station was used as the headquarters of the police; however, its importance declined when the new police headquarters was built in Wan Chai after World War II.
It functioned as a police station, dormitory, and prison, and was used as both the Hong Kong Island Regional Police Headquarters and the Central District Police Headquarters until the 2000s.
The compound is bordered on the North by Hollywood Road, on the South by Chancery Lane, on the East by Arbuthnot Road and on the West by Old Bailey Street.
With its long history and antiquated architectural style, the Central Police Station is one of the last physical reminders of Hong Kong's colonial heritage.
The Central Police Station has undergone reconstruction to convert it and the former Central Magistracy to more public use; including food outlets, museums, and art galleries.
By adaptive reuse, the renovated police station compound is intended to become a tourist destination with historical significance, a rarity amongst Hong Kong attractions.
The buildings of Former Central Police Station, the Victoria Prison, and the Former Central Magistracy, are declared monuments of Hong Kong.
Suggested by property developer Swire Properties in 1999, the Economic Development and Labour Bureau called for private sector bidding to convert the building compound into a retail and entertainment complex in 2003.
On 20 October 2010, Hong Kong Jockey Club announced that a heritage-led plan to conserve and revitalise the CPS and transform it into a centre of heritage, arts and leisure.
Herzog & de Meuron, Purcell and Rocco Design collaborated and examined many different alternative schemes in order to establish the best design for adaptive re-use.
In addition to the existing public entrance at Pottinger Gate, an Old Bailey Gate, an Arbuthnot Gate, and a footbridge connection to the Mid-levels Escalator have been constructed to allow access to the site.
Stairs and lifts facilitate pedestrian connectivity between the upper courtyard near Chancery Lane and lower courtyard near Hollywood Road, and between SoHo and Lan Kwai Fong.
In 2016, during the ongoing revitalisation, part of the married inspectors’ quarters, which was built in 1864, collapsed; nobody was injured.
CaMV induces a variety of systemic symptoms such as mosaic, necrotic lesions on leaf surfaces, stunted growth, and deformation of the overall plant structure.
The CaMV particle is an icosahedron with a diameter of 52 nm built from 420 capsid protein (CP) subunits arranged with a triangulation T = 7, which surrounds a solvent-filled central cavity.
CaMV contains a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of about 8.0 kilobases, interrupted by nicks that result from the actions of RNAse H during reverse transcription.
The promoter of the 35S RNA is a very strong constitutive promoter responsible for the transcription of the whole CaMV genome.
Recent study has indicated that the CaMV 35S promoter is also functional in some animal cells, although the promoter elements used are different from those in plants.
The 35S RNA is particularly complex, containing a highly structured 600 nucleotide long leader sequence with six to eight short open reading frames (ORFs).
The mechanism of expression of these proteins is unique, in that the ORF VI protein (encoded by the 19S RNA) controls translation reinitiation of major open reading frames on the polycistronic 35S RNA, a process that normally only happens on bacterial mRNAs.
In addition to its functions regarding translational activation and formation of inclusion bodies, P6 has been shown to interact with a number of other CaMV proteins, such as P2 and P3, suggesting that it may also contribute in some degree to viral assembly and aphid-mediated transmission.
In addition, P6 has been shown to bind to P7; investigating interactions between the two may help to elucidate the as yet unknown function of P7.
NPR1 is an important regulator of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling, and is most closely associated with crosstalk between the two.
Modification of NPR1 serves to inhibit plant cells’ defensive responses by preventing SA-dependent signaling; modified NPR1 can properly traffic to the nucleus and bind the PR-1 promoter, but is unable to initiate transcription.
Whereas regulation of SA-dependent signaling by P6-modified NPR1 is localized to the nucleus, regulation of JA-dependent signaling is cytoplasmic in nature and involves the COI1 pathway.
At this point the new viral genome can either be packaged into capsids and released from the cell or they can be transported by movement proteins into an adjacent, uninfected cell.
The Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (CaMV 35S) is used in most transgenic crops to activate foreign genes which have been artificially inserted into the host plant.
The CaMV genome has 8 tightly packed genes, of which only two small genes, genes II and VII, are nonessential; as a result, only these two genes can be replaced/deleted without a loss of infectivity.
In addition, modified CaMV genomes exceeding the natural genome size (8024 bp) by even a few hundred bp are not packaged into virions.
The bacterial dihydrofolate reductase DHFR gene has been successfully cloned into the CaMV genome, in place of gene II, and has been successfully expressed in plants.
The P2 N-terminal domain recognizes a protein receptor located at the tip of the stylet and the P2 C-terminal domain binds to the P3-decorated virions.
In host cells, viral protein P2 and P3 are first produced in numerous viral factories (electron-dense inclusion bodies), and are later exported and co-localize with microtubules, before concentrating in ELIB.
While the pregenomic 35S RNA is responsible for genome replication by reverse transcriptase, it also contains a non-coding 600 base pair leader sequence that serves as an important mRNA for the production of factors involved in viral counter-defense.
The products of the aforementioned 600-bp sequence are viral small RNAs (vsRNA) of 21, 22, and 24 nucleotides in length that serve as decoys, binding and inactivating effectors of host silencing machinery, such as Argonaute 1 (AGO1).
Recently, some concerns have been raised about using the CaMV 35S promoter for expression in transgenic plants because sequence overlap exists between this promoter and the coding sequences of P6.
Fifty four transgenic events certified for release in the USA contain up to 528 bp of ORF VI (encoding C-terminal domains of P6).
As P6 is a multifunctional protein whose full range of functions is unknown, there is some concern that expression of one or more of its domains may have unforeseen consequences in the transgenic organisms.
Recent studies have attempted to determine what length of CaMV 35S promoter has the least chance of inadvertently producing P6 domains, while still retaining full promoter activity.
As one might expect, using shorter promoter lengths decreases the number of P6 domains included and also decreases the likelihood of unwanted effects.
3XY began broadcasting on 8 September 1935, the original licence being held by the United Australia Party (and later the Liberal Party).
However, from commencement, 3XY's programs were provided by Efftee Broadcasters Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Efftee Studios, who were one of Australia's first movie makers.
Efftee was owned by Frank Thring Sr., father of internationally renowned actor Frank Thring Jr. Tom Holt, the father of the future Prime Minister of Australia, Harold Holt.
3XY originally broadcast from studios in the former ballroom at the top of the Princess Theatre, Melbourne, but in the early 1960s, the station moved to purpose-built studios in Faraday Street, Carlton; this was the first of a number of subsequent relocations.
Like virtually all broadcasters prior to the introduction of television in Australia and the invention of the transistor radio, 3XY broadcast a variety of programming styles; theoretically providing something of appeal to all its prospective listeners.
3XY was the last commercial radio station to come on air in Melbourne until 3MP began broadcasting in 1976, 41 years later.
By the time 3XY began broadcasting in 1935, most listeners had established their broadcasting patterns and they often continued to listen to 3XY's rivals, which is usually seen as the reason why 3XY was very low in the ratings for some decades.
Despite generally low ratings, there were a few popular programs, including the children's session sponsored by Peters Ice Cream, One Man's Family, Raising a Husband, etc.
The station also produced some top class live variety programs with artists of the calibre of Stella Lamond; Doug McKenzie; Max Reddy, Leslie Ross, etc.
Frank Thring Jr. started his career as both a thespian and radio announcer at 3XY in 1941, as a young man of 15.
Because of the lack of listeners, 3XY did not get as much advertising revenue as some of its rivals, but this was, in part, compensated for by the broadcasting of many sponsored religious programs, particularly on Sunday afternoons, as well as sponsored non-English programs, mainly Italian.
From the commencement of the 1936 Australian rules football season (about seven months after 3XY had first come on air) it became the very first station to broadcast descriptions of Victorian Football Association games.
Prior to 1967, the station had many prominent announcers, as well as a number of broadcasters who would go on to achieve fame at other stations.
In Melbourne, since 1931, 3AK had been broadcasting almost exclusively in the early-morning hours when other stations were off the air.
However, on 1 February 1954, 3AK began broadcasting exclusively during hours of daylight, and concurrently 3DB, 3UZ and 3XY were all given 24-hour licences, but both 3DB and 3UZ had ceased all-night broadcasting within six months.
From 1 July 1967, under the direction of General Manager Bob Baeck the station became Melbourne's dominant music radio station and remained so until the early 1980s, with a Top 40 music radio format, which often topped the ratings.
During this period, there was a head-on battle for the lucrative Top 40 market between 3XY, by then managed by Rod Muir, and Rhett Walker's 3AK.
After losing the ratings and financial battle with FM rivals 3EON and 3FOX, the 3XY licence was bought in late 1989 by the parent company of BAY-FM, a Geelong based station which was then just about to come on air.
When BAY-FM commenced broadcasting in December 1989, 3XY briefly simulcast the BAY-FM overnight programs, retaining its rock music format during the day.
However, once new studios in Corio Bay were completed, Bay FM and 3XY began full-time simulcasting, 3XY breaking only for coverage of Australian Football League (AFL) games, which they were contracted to cover.
While the two stations remained in their Corio studios, Bay FM relaunched with an easy listening format, with 3XY retaining its soft rock format.
In 1991, 3XY was sold to AWA Limited, owners of 2CH Sydney and other stations, who almost immediately shut the station down and re-opened it seven months later as 3EE.
The final on-air program as 3XY was a one-hour pre-recorded special, commissioned by AWA and produced and presented by music historian Glenn A. Baker.
AWA formally applied for a change of callsign from 3XY to 3EE and a change of frequency from 1422 kHz to 693 kHz.
Some programs garnered a loyal following but overall the station failed to gain a commercially viable audience in its target demographic of people aged 40+.
AWA had a three-year strategy to grow the 3EE audience, but in 1993 the company decided to exit the commercial broadcasting sector and concentrate on its core business of electronics design and manufacture.
A few months later in 1994, AWA sold 3EE's sister station in Sydney 2CH, bringing to an end AWA's 70 years in radio broadcasting.
On 13 April 2015, the station's entire on air line-up, and most of the programming and production team, was made redundant, as the result of the merger of Fairfax Media's radio assets and the Macquarie Radio Network.
The launch of Talking Lifestyle into the Melbourne and Brisbane market followed 18 months of development by Macquarie Media and a soft launch in the Sydney market in September 2016 through 2UE.
On Wednesday 4 April 2018, the three Talking Lifestyle branded stations relaunched with a new sports radio format under the name Macquarie Sports Radio with coverage of the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
As an illegitimate son could not obtain a desirable wife by conventional means, he chose to kidnap his future wife Judith of Schweinfurt (), a daughter of the Bavarian noble Henry of Schweinfurt, Margrave of Nordgau, in 1019 at Schweinfurt.
The partition of Bohemia between Oldřich and his brother Jaromír in 1034 was probably the reason why Bretislav fled beyond the Bohemian border, only to come back to take the throne after Jaromír’s abdication.
In 1039, he invaded Lesser and Greater Poland, captured Poznań, sacked Gniezno, and brought the relics of St. Adalbert, Radim Gaudentius and the Five Brothers back with him.
His main goal was to set up an archbishopric in Prague and create a large state subject only to the Holy Roman Empire.
His raid had an unintended enduring influence on Polish history, as the plundering and destruction of Gniezno pushed the next Polish rulers to move their capital to Kraków, which would retain this role for many centuries ahead.
In 1040, the German King Henry III invaded Bohemia, but was forced to retreat after he lost the Battle at Brůdek (a pass in the Bohemian Forest).
Forced by a mutiny among his nobles and betrayed by Bishop Šebíř of Prague, Bretislav had to renounce all of his conquests save for Moravia and recognize Henry III as his sovereign.
This pact worked in Bretislav's favour, as the Polish ruler swore never again to attack Bohemia in return for an annual subsidy to Gniezno.
Bretislav was the author of decrees concerning the rules of Christianization, which included a ban on polygamy and trade on holidays.
In 1054, he established rules for the ducal succession and issued the famous Seniority Law that introduced agnatic seniority for order of succession.
The result of this succession policy was the relative indivisibility of the Czech lands, but also bitter conflicts over succession and territorial primacy between members of the dynasty.
It was effectively ended by the elevation of Bohemia to the status of a kingdom under Ottokar I of Bohemia, which led to the establishment of primogeniture as the ruling principle for succession rights.
Bretislav died at Chrudim in 1055 during preparations for another invasion of Hungary and was succeeded by his son Spytihněv II as Duke of Bohemia.
His sons Otto and Vratislav were shut out of the government by Spytihněv, but after his death both gained control of Moravia and Bohemia, respectively.
Judith was a desirable bride, but Oldřich of Bohemia had only one son, Bretislav, and he was of illegitimate birth, thus complicating the prospect of a marriage with the high-born Judith.
Their first son Spytihněv was born after almost ten years, which led to the hypothesis that the kidnapping happened in 1029, although Judith may have given birth to daughters before her first son.
Bretislav I was buried in the old St. Vitus Church in Prague, founded by Wenceslaus I in 930, and his tomb is now situated in the Chapel of St. Wenceslaus in the St. Vitus Cathedral built in the 1344–66 period.
Bretislav I was depicted in the fresco composition of the Přemyslid dynasty at the Znojmo Rotunda, painted in the 1134–61 period.
TEN often lagged in the ratings behind the more established commercial channels TCN (Nine) and ATN (Seven) who had dominated viewing habits in Sydney for eight years.
TEN launched Australia's first metropolitan nightly one-hour news bulletin in 1975, while NBN-3 in Newcastle was first to air a one-hour news service in Australia in 1972.
In 1978, Katrina Lee became only the third female TV newsreader on Australian TV – the first being Melody Illiffe on QTQ-9.
TEN commenced digital television transmission in January 2001, broadcasting on VHF Channel 11 while maintaining analogue transmission on VHF Channel 10.
These studios feature a large open plan newsroom and news-set where all Ten's national and local Sydney news bulletins are produced.
When TEN-10 opened in 1965, it operated from newly built studio facilities at North Ryde, these were sold in the 1990s when the network underwent financial turmoil.
Following the move from North Ryde in 1990, TEN relocated to a small warehouse in Ultimo, and then to new studios in nearby Pyrmont in May 1997.
Most series are produced on location or at external studios by external companies, but a few programs are made in-house by TEN.
The 5pm bulletin was presented for almost eleven years by Ron Wilson and Jessica Rowe, between 1996 and 2005, when Rowe moved to present the Nine Network's Today.
Knight was replaced by Sully in October 2011 following the axing of the network's long-running late night news program, as a result with Knight's decision to move to the Nine Network.
Sully became sole anchor after Bill Woods' departure on 30 November 2012, following the network's decision not to renew his contract.
Later in 1967 an instrumental version by jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery became his biggest Hot 100 hit when it peaked at No.
Ramos said Ruthann Friedman had written the song about a man, and that the Association changed the lyrics to make it about a woman.
The song was also performed on Sesame Street by the anything muppet Tony, where he sang about his girlfriend who is played the Beautiful Day Monster.
This included the edition of the show featuring the Bill Grundy/Sex Pistols incident, after which the band danced to the song as the end credits rolled.
As a term, revanchism originated in 1870s France in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War among nationalists who wanted to avenge the French defeat and reclaim the lost territories of Alsace-Lorraine.
Extreme revanchist ideologues often represent a hawkish stance, suggesting that their desired objectives can be achieved through the positive outcome of another war.
Revanchist politics often rely on the identification of a nation with a nation state, often mobilizing deep-rooted sentiments of ethnic nationalism, claiming territories outside the state where members of the ethnic group live, while using heavy-handed nationalism to mobilize support for these aims.
French revanchism was a deep sense of bitterness, hatred and demand for revenge against Germany, especially because of the loss of Alsace and Lorraine following defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
This ultranationalist tradition influenced French politics up to 1921 and was one of the major reasons France went to great pains to woo the Russian Empire, resulting in the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894 and, after more accords, the Triple Entente of the three great Allied powers of World War I: France, Great Britain, and Russia.
French revanchism influenced the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 following the end of World War I, which restored Alsace-Lorraine to France and extracted reparations from the defeated Germany.
A German revanchist movement developed in response to the losses of World War I. Pan-Germanists within the Weimar Republic called for the reclamation of the property of a German state due to pre-war borders or because of the territory's historical relation to Germanic peoples.
The movement called for the reincorporation of Alsace-Lorraine, the Polish Corridor and the Sudetenland (see Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia—parts of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary until its dismemberment after World War I).
Ethnographic Lithuania was an early 20th-century concept that defined Lithuanian territories as a significant part of the territories that belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Lithuanians as all people living on them, regardless of whether those people spoke Lithuanian or and considered themselves Lithuanian.
They argued that individuals cannot decide on his ethnicity and nationality and that it is related to not their language but their ancestry.
For most of the rests of the 1800s there was talk but few practical plans and little political will to reclaim Finland from Russia.
During the Crimean War in 1853 to 1856, the Allied nations initiated talks with Sweden to allow troop and fleet movements through Swedish ports to be used against Russia.
The annexation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation in April 2014, together with accusations by Western and Ukrainian leaders that Russia is supporting separatist actions by ethnic Russians in the secessionist Donbass region, has been cited by a number of prominent media outlets in the West as evidence of a revanchist policy on the part of the Kremlin and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
From the total of stars known to have exoplanets (as of ), there are a total of known multiplanetary systems, or stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond the Solar System.
The stars with the most confirmed planets are our Sun and Kepler-90 with 8 each confirmed planets, while the stars with the most confirmed exoplanets, after Kepler-90, are HD 10180, HR 8832 and TRAPPIST-1, with 7 each; in 2012, two more candidates were suggested for HD 10180.
A total of 12 systems are known that are closer than 50 light years away, but most are much farther away.
However, although low metallicity stars tend to have fewer massive planets, particularly hot-Jupiters, they also tend to have a larger number of close in planets, orbiting at less than 1 AU.
He was inspired by Michelangelo Buonarroti, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and by the Venetian sculptural school of the 17th century and thus became a great propagator of the Italian-provenience sculpture in the Central-European context.
Some time before 1710, Braun came to visit Prague, already as a full-fledged artist creating from sandstone, and soon he became domestic in Bohemia.
Braun then was able to found the biggest workshop in Prague, employing six journeymen and having an income of 900 golden a year around 1725.
Soon, he himself could not manage the number of new commissions for Prague palaces, gardens, churches and many other places in Bohemia, a situation worsened by the progressing tuberculosis.
That is why he only created the designs and models, had his cooperators realize them and completed the work into the final appearance.
The submarines were built between 1957 and 1978 by four shipyards: Cammell Laird (4), Chatham Dockyard (6), Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company (11) and Vickers-Armstrongs (6).
Thirteen of the submarines were operated by the Royal Navy, six by the Royal Australian Navy, three by the Brazilian Navy, three by the Royal Canadian Navy/Canadian Forces Maritime Command (plus two ex-Royal Navy boats later acquired for non-commissioned roles), and two by the Chilean Navy.
As of 2015, eight of the submarines are preserved intact as museum vessels, another three are partially preserved (with some exterior portions of the submarine on display), and one is in private ownership and awaiting conversion for display.
Instead of UXW steel, the hull was built from QT28 steel, which was easier to fabricate and stronger, allowing the submarine to dive deeper.
The submarines were equipped with a type 1002 surface search and navigation radar, a type 187 active-passive attack sonar, and a type 2007 long-range passive sonar.
The submarine normally carried a payload of 20 torpedoes for the forward tubes; a mix of Mark 24 Tigerfish and Mark 8 torpedoes, while only the two preloaded Mark 20S torpedoes were carried for the stern tubes.
Naval mines could be carried instead of torpedoes: the torpedo payload would be replaced with up to 50 Mark 5 Stonefish or Mark 6 Sea Urchin mines.
The forward torpedo tubes are constructed in two sections bolted together across the bulkhead at the fore end of the torpedo compartment.
The internal door hinges at one side with two locking mechanisms, a swing bolt opposite the hinge and a rotating locking ring attached to the tube which presses down on the ten projecting lugs around the door.
Bow shutters close across the bow caps so as to preserve the streamlined shape of the bow when the cap is closed.
Interlocks prevent the doors at both ends being opened at the same time but the inner door is also provided with a test cock to check whether the tube is full of water before opening and remains held nearly closed by the swing bolt after the locking ring is released.
The tube internal diameter is 22.5 in, wider than the torpedo, which is designed as a loose fit inside the tube.
With the retirement of the Mark 20S torpedo in the 1980s, the stern torpedo tubes were decommissioned and thereafter used for storing beer.
The diesel engines can only be operated with external ventilation, but this can be obtained either while on the surface or when shallowly submerged by use of two snorkels which can be raised from the fin.
The generators are cooled by an internal fan on the shaft which circulates air through a filter and water-cooled heat exchanger within the casing.
The generator has one pedestal bearing fed with oil from the diesel engine lubrication supply and is fitted with an internal heater to prevent condensation when not running.
All steelwork within the battery compartments is lined with rubber to protect the metal from attack by acid, and also all conducting material is insulated to prevent risks of electric shock.
Waxed timber is used to make framing and crawlways to access the batteries and support them because of its resistance to acid.
Each cell has four connector bolts to each electrode and an agitator pipe which bubbles air through the cell to ensure the electrolyte remains mixed and uniform.
Every two months, the battery should be given an equalising charge of eight hours to ensure all cells have reached their maximum.
Initial charging current should be around 1650 amps for s.g. below 1.180, 1250 A above 1.180, falling to 280 A when charging is complete.
At a voltage around 538 V, the cells begin to give off explosive hydrogen gas, so the applied power is reduced during charging to keep voltage below this value until current falls to 280 A, which is then maintained while voltage is allowed to rise until the requisite voltage and charge time are reached.
To maintain overall capacity, batteries need to be completely discharged over a five-hour period once every four months and then completely recharged.
The battery compartments are sealed to prevent gases escaping into the submarine, or salt water entering, which inside a battery would cause the release of poisonous chlorine gas.
Ventilation fans are used to extract hydrogen released by the cells and catalytic converters are placed strategically through the submarine to remove hydrogen from the air by recombining it with oxygen to form water.
Slowest speed is obtained by connecting both batteries in parallel, thus supplying 440 V, across all four motor armatures in series, thus applying 110 V to each ('shafts in series').
Next, the batteries in parallel may be applied across the two motors in parallel, with their armatures in series ('group down').
Finally, the batteries can be arranged in series so as to apply 880 V across all four armatures in parallel ('batteries in series').
Each armature also has an associated field winding which is separately supplied with current which may be varied resistively, providing further speed control (maximum 35 A).
A fan draws air from the engine room through the motor to cool it and returns the exhaust air to the engine room through a water-cooled heat exchanger.
The engine is also fitted with a heater to keep it warm when not running so as to prevent condensation internally.
The batteries provide variable DC power (VP), which ranges in normal usage from 390 to 650 V. Pumps for ballast, water, air compressors, ventilation, cooling, and hydraulics are all designed to cope with this supply range, but some equipment cannot.
The boat, therefore, is supplied with two sets of auxiliary motor generators designed to be powered by the batteries and produce stable output, one set powered by each main battery.
A 220 V DC supply (CP) is provided by two generators, one supplied from each battery with either being sufficient by itself.
Two 60 Hz three-phase alternators provide power for equipment designed to work off 115 or 230 V AC and two more 15 kW 400 Hz generators provide power at 205 V AC used by radar, sonar, fire control, and communications electronics.
In the event of damage to the main electrical distribution system, provision is made for one of the CP generators to be connected directly to one armature of the port motor, to provide some propulsion by alternative circuitry.
She was escorted back to UK at 5 kn after hitting an undetected submerged reef which damaged two of its torpedo tubes, trapping a Tigerfish torpedo.
Beginning in 1957, Canada began looking at acquiring submarines to replace the training 6th Submarine Division provided by the Royal Navy at Halifax, Nova Scotia.
A proposal was submitted to the Canadian Chiefs of Staff in November 1959 affirming the need for a Canadian submarine service and to incorporate the acquisition of the subs into the fleet renewal plan of the late 1950s.
On 11 April 1962, the purchase was announced in the House of Commons of Canada by the Minister of National Defence, Douglas Harkness.
The Conservative government was defeated in 1963 and the incoming Liberal government suspended all major defence procurement projects upon taking power.
The second and third hulls were built to Canadian specifications, which moved the galley forward of the control room to make room for the sonar equipment.
This led to the removal of three crew bunks, a problem that was never rectified in the submarines and led to an accommodation issue for the crew.
In an effort to take the subs from anti-submarine warfare training to frontline service, Maritime Command developed a refit program that included new sonars, periscopes, communications and fire-control systems.
The Submarine Operational Update Program (SOUP) was developed to deal with the operational capability of the submarines along with a Logistic Support Agreement (LSA) to acquire more spare parts.
The SOUP refits comprised a new US fire control system, a digital Singer Librascope Mark I, and new Sperry passive ranging sonar with the Type 719 short range sonar removed.
The submarines were fitted with new torpedo tubes for Mk 48 torpedoes; however, the torpedoes themselves were considered a separate procurement program, which was only finalised in 1985.
With a length of 90 meters and a displacement of 2,030 tons surfaced and 2,410 tons submerged, the submarines had a 6,000 bhp engine to power them.
This included placing divers under the casing for further covert movement, or disembarking special forces teams using kayaks or inflatable boats.
Two have been partially preserved as monuments, while another five are awaiting conversion for museum work, or are otherwise awaiting disposal.
is located at the Western Australian Maritime Museum at Fremantle, while is located at the Australian National Maritime Museum in Darling Harbour, Sydney.
was purchased for C$4 plus tax by the Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père for use as a museum vessel, and was towed from Halifax to Pointe-au-Père, Quebec in July 2008.
She was moved to Port Burwell, Ontario in November 2012, and will become a focal point of a new Museum of Naval History.
The Chilean Navy sold to the city of Valdivia in 2002, to be converted into the first submarine museum of Chile.
The submarine went through a series of modifications in the ASENAV shipyards during that year, and as of December 2017, is already on display at the end of Avenida Costanera Arturo Prat, in front of the Corte de Apelaciones building.
Anosognosia results from physiological damage to brain structures, typically to the parietal lobe or a diffuse lesion on the fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere, and is thus a neuropsychiatric disorder.
Anosognosia is sometimes accompanied by asomatognosia, a form of neglect in which patients deny ownership of body parts such as their limbs.
That is it can be manifested by failure to be aware of a number of specific deficits, including motor (hemiplegia), sensory (hemianaesthesia, hemianopia), spatial (unilateral neglect), memory (dementia), and language (receptive aphasia) due to impairment of anatomo-functionally discrete monitoring systems.
Anosognosia is relatively common following different causes of brain injury, such as stroke and traumatic brain injury; for example, anosognosia for hemiparesis, (weakness of one side of the body) with onset of acute stroke is estimated at between 10% and 18%.
It is more frequent in the acute than in the chronic phase and more prominent for assessment in the cases with right hemispheric lesions than with the left.
The condition does not seem to be directly related to sensory loss but is thought to be caused by damage to higher level neurocognitive processes that are involved in integrating sensory information with processes that support spatial or bodily representations (including the somatosensory system).
Anosognosia is thought to be related to unilateral neglect, a condition often found after damage to the non-dominant (usually the right) hemisphere of the cerebral cortex in which people seem unable to attend to, or sometimes comprehend, anything on a certain side of their body (usually the left).
Anosognosia can be selective in that an affected person with multiple impairments may seem unaware of only one handicap, while appearing to be fully aware of any others.
This phenomenon of double dissociation can be an indicator of domain-specific disorders of awareness modules, meaning that in anosognosia, brain damage can selectively impact the self-monitoring process of one specific physical or cognitive function rather than a spatial location of the body.
There are also studies showing that the maneuver of vestibular stimulation could temporarily improve both the syndrome of spatial unilateral neglect and of anosognosia for left hemiplegia.
Combining the findings of hemispheric asymmetry to the right, association with spatial unilateral neglect, and the temporal improvement on both syndromes, it is suggested there can be a spatial component underlying the mechanism of anosognosia for motor weakness and that neural processes could be modulated similarly.
There were some cases of anosognosia for right hemiplegia after left hemisphere damage, but the frequency of this type of anosognosia has not been estimated.
Anosognosia may occur as part of receptive aphasia, a language disorder that causes poor comprehension of speech and the production of fluent but incomprehensible sentences.
This may be a result of brain damage to the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus, believed to contain representations of word sounds.
Other patients with receptive aphasia are fully aware of their condition and speech inhibitions, but cannot monitor their condition, which is not the same as anosognosia and therefore cannot explain the occurrence of neologistic jargon.
Although largely used to describe unawareness of impairment after brain injury or stroke, the term 'anosognosia' is occasionally used to describe the lack of insight shown by some people with anorexia nervosa.
E. Fuller Torrey, a psychiatrist and schizophrenia researcher, has stated that among those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, anosognosia is the most prevalent reason for not taking medications.
However, neither of the existing questionnaires applied in the clinics are designed thoroughly for evaluating the multidimensional nature of this clinical phenomenon; nor are the responses obtained via offline questionnaire capable of revealing the discrepancy of awareness observed from their online task performance.
The discrepancy is noticed when patients showed no awareness of their deficits from the offline responses to the questionnaire but demonstrated reluctance or verbal circumlocution when asked to perform an online task.
For example, patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia may find excuses not to perform a bimanual task even though they do not admit it is because of their paralyzed arms.
A similar situation can happen on patients with anosognosia for cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury when monitoring their errors during the tasks regarding their memory and attention (online emergent awareness) and when predicting their performance right before the same tasks (online anticipatory awareness).
It can also occur among patients with dementia and anosognosia for memory deficit when prompted with dementia-related words, showing possible pre-attentive processing and implicit knowledge of their memory problems.
Patients with anosognosia may also overestimate their performance when asked in first-person formed questions but not from a third-person perspective when the questions referring to others.
When assessing the causes of anosognosia within stroke patients, CT scans have been used to assess where the greatest amount of damage is found within the various areas of the brain.
Stroke patients with mild and severe levels of anosognosia (determined by response to an anosognosia questionnaire) have been linked to lesions within the temporoparietal and thalamic regions, when compared to those who experience moderate anosognosia, or none at all.
In contrast, after a stroke, people with moderate anosognosia have a higher frequency of lesions involving the basal ganglia, compared to those with mild or severe anosognosia.
As with unilateral neglect, caloric reflex testing (squirting ice cold water into the left ear) is known to temporarily ameliorate unawareness of impairment.
It is not entirely clear how this works, although it is thought that the unconscious shift of attention or focus caused by the intense stimulation of the vestibular system temporarily influences awareness.
Another commonly used method is the use of feedback – comparing clients' self-predicted performance with their actual performance on a task in an attempt to improve insight.
Neurorehabilitation is difficult because, as anosognosia impairs the patient's desire to seek medical aid, it may also impair their ability to seek rehabilitation.
In the acute phase, very little can be done to improve their awareness, but during this time, it is important for the therapist to build a therapeutic alliance with patients by entering their phenomenological field and reducing their frustration and confusion.
In regard to psychiatric patients, empirical studies verify that, for individuals with severe mental illnesses, lack of awareness of illness is significantly associated with both medication non-compliance and re-hospitalization.
Fifteen percent of individuals with severe mental illnesses who refuse to take medication voluntarily under any circumstances may require some form of coercion to remain compliant because of anosognosia.
One study of voluntary and involuntary inpatients confirmed that committed patients require coercive treatment because they fail to recognize their need for care.
Anosognosia is also closely related to other cognitive dysfunctions that may impair the capacity of an individual to continuously participate in treatment.
Other research has suggested that attitudes toward treatment can improve after involuntary treatment and that previously committed patients tend later to seek voluntary treatment.
Zé Arigó (pseudonym of José Pedro de Freitas 18 October 1921 – 11 January 1971) was a faith healer and proponent of psychic surgery.
He claimed to have performed psychic surgery with his hands or with simple kitchen utensils while in a mediumistic trance, therefore he was also known as the Surgeon of the Rusty Knife.
Zé Arigó was born José Pedro de Freitas on a farm located 6 kilometers from Congonhas do Campo, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
One day he felt that the voice that had been pursuing him took over his body, and he had a vision of a bald man, dressed in a white apron and supervising a team of doctors and nurses in an enormous operating room.
His reputation soared and spread throughout Brazil after it was alleged that he had removed a cancerous tumor from the lung of a well-known Brazilian senator.
Over the next twenty years, thousands of people who mistrusted traditional medicine, or had not found help in it, came to Congonhas in search of a cure.
For the purpose of this article, they are listed in the order they are passed when crossing the bridge from the Old Town to the Lesser Quarter, and are divided into two categories: those on the north side of the bridge and those on the south side.
In 1695, a statue depicting the lamentation of Christ by Jan Brokoff was installed here; this was removed to the Monastery of Gracious Nurses under Petřín hill in Prague in 1859 and replaced by the current statue.
The original sculpture was commissioned of the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy of Charles University, but fell into the river during the floods of 1890.
The statue depicts an Indian and a Japanese prince being baptized by the saint, along with a Moor in chains and a Tatar.
The statue was originally conceived by Count Antonín Sporck, who wanted to build a marble statue as tribute to Charles VI in 1720.
The sculpture was erected on the bridge in 1784 to replace the statue of St. Wenceslas damaged in the floods in that year.
The statue depicts St. Ludmila teaching her grandson, St. Wenceslas and the base contains a relief sculpture showing the murder of St. Wenceslas.
Vincent and Procopius stands a column with a sculpture of Bruncvik, (a mythical Bohemian knight inspired by the Saxonian and Bavarian knight Henry the Lion from Brunswick), portrayed helping a lion fight a seven-headed dragon.
This replaced a statue of Roland, erected in 1502, and was intended to remind passers-by of the Old Town's privileges to the bridge, in particular the right to charge tolls and duty.
The saint is represented with a prelate stick developing into a sea paddle and is standing on a base decorated with angels and the emblem of the donor.
The sculpture was intended to honour the two founders of the Trinitarians, the order that supervised buying back and redeeming of Christians in captivity under Turks.
The statue portrays the Madonna giving the Rosary to St. Dominic on the left, with St. Thomas Aquinas standing to the right.
A new crucifix with a wooden corpus was erected in 1629 but was severely damaged by the Swedes towards the end of the Thirty Years' War.
Bought in Dresden, this crucifix was originally made in 1629 by H. Hillger based upon a design by W. E. Brohn.
In 1666, two lead figures were added, but these were replaced in 1861 by the present sandstone statues by Emanuel Max, portraying the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist.
A bronze tablet with explanatory text in Czech, English and Hebrew was mounted under the statue by the City of Prague in 2000.
The tablet's placement came after an American Rabbi, Ronald Brown of Temple Beth Am in Merrick, New York was passing over the bridge and noted the possibly offensive nature of the placing of the text.
The original statue of St. Ignatius which stood here, designed by Ferdinand Brokoff in 1711, was displaced by the floods of 1890 and can now be found in the Prague lapidarium.
This replaces a statue by Jan Brokoff, portraying the Baptism of Jesus by St. John, which stood in this position between 1706 and 1848.
The saint is presented in a traditional way, as a bearded capitulary with a five-star glory, standing on a tripartite base.
The base portrays scenes from the life of St. John of Nepomuk, including the confession of Queen Johanna and the saint's death.
In modern times it has become traditional to touch the bridge here; this is held to bring good fortune and to ensure that the visitor will return to the city of Prague.
It was sculpted by Jan Oldřich Mayer in 1708 and paid for by František Sezima, the knight Mitrovský from Nemyšle and Jeřichovice.
The Saint, founder of the religious order of Theatins, is portrayed holding a book and standing before an obelisk representing the Trinity.
The magnetic quantum number distinguishes the orbitals available within a subshell, and is used to calculate the azimuthal component of the orientation of orbital in space.
The four quantum numbers formula_1, formula_2, formula_3, and formula_4 specify the complete and unique quantum state of a single electron in an atom called its wavefunction or orbital.
Because values of the azimuth angle formula_8 differing by 2formula_9 (360 degrees in radians) represent the same position in space, and the overall magnitude of formula_6 does not grow with arbitrarily large formula_8 as it would for a real exponent, the coefficient formula_12 must be quantized to integer multiples of formula_13, producing an imaginary exponent: formula_14.
The same constant appears in the colatitude equation, where larger values of formula_3 tend to decrease the magnitude of formula_16, and values of formula_3 greater than the azimuthal quantum number formula_2 do not permit any solution for formula_16.
The formula for the quantum number of each quantum state uses Planck's reduced constant, which only allows particular or discrete or quantized energy levels.
The magnetic quantum number formula_29 only affects the electron's energy if it is in a magnetic field because in the absence of one, all spherical harmonics corresponding to the different arbitrary values of formula_29 are equivalent.
However, the actual magnetic dipole moment of an electron in an atomic orbital arrives not only from the electron angular momentum, but also from the electron spin, expressed in the spin quantum number.
Since each electron has a magnetic moment in a magnetic field, it will be subject to a torque which tends to make the vector formula_21 parallel to the field, a phenomenon known as Larmor precession.
Mostar (, , ) is a city and the administrative center of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Old Bridge, built by the Ottomans in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
Human settlements on the river Neretva, between the Hum Hill and the Velež Mountain, have existed since prehistory, as witnessed by discoveries of fortified enceintes and cemeteries.
As far as medieval Mostar goes, although the Christian basilicas of late antiquity remained in use, few historical sources were preserved and not much is known about this period.
The name of Mostar was first mentioned in a document dating from 1474, taking its name from the bridge-keepers (mostari); this refers to the existence of a wooden bridge from the market on the left bank of the river which was used by traders, soldiers, and other travelers.
Since Mostar was on the trade route between the Adriatic and the mineral-rich regions of central Bosnia, the settlement began to spread to the right bank of the river.
Prior to 1474 the names of two towns appear in medieval historical sources, along with their later medieval territories and properties – the towns of Nebojša and Cimski grad.
It was at the center of this area, which in 1408 belonged to Radivojević, that Cim Fort was built (prior to 1443).
Prior to 1444, the Nebojša Tower was built on the left bank of the Neretva, which belonged to the late medieval county still known as Večenike or Večerić.
Later becoming the city's symbol, the Old Bridge was designed by Mimar Hayruddin, a student and apprentice of Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan.
I, a poor and miserable slave of Allah, have passed through 16 countries, but I have never seen such a high bridge.
Austria-Hungary took control over Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 and ruled the country until the aftermath of World War I in 1918, when it became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and then Yugoslavia.
In 1881 the town became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mostar-Duvno and in 1939, it became a part of the Banovina of Croatia.
The city was a major industrial and tourist center and prospered economically during the time of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
After Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia in April 1992, the town was besieged by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), following clashes between the JNA and Croat forces.
On 7 June the Croatian Army (HV) launched an offensive code named Operation Jackal, the objective of which was to relieve Mostar and break the JNA siege of Dubrovnik.
By 12 June the HVO secured the western part of the city and by 21 June the VRS was completely pushed out from the eastern part.
Among them were the Catholic Cathedral of Mary, Mother of the Church, the Franciscan Church and Monastery, the Bishop's Palace and 12 out of 14 mosques in the city.
After the VRS was pushed from the city, the Serbian Orthodox Žitomislić Monastery and the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity were demolished.
In early 1993 the Croat–Bosniak War escalated and by mid-April 1993 Mostar had become a divided city with the western part dominated by HVO forces and the eastern part controlled by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH).
The Croat–Bosniak conflict ended with the signing of the Washington Agreement in 1994, and the Bosnian War ended with the Dayton Agreement in 1995.
Examples include the Italianate Franciscan church, the Ottoman Muslibegovića house, the Dalmatian Ćorović House and an Orthodox church which was built as gift from the Sultan.
Administrators and bureaucrats – many of them indigenous people who converted from Christianity to Islam – founded mosque complexes that generally included Koranic schools, soup kitchens or markets.
Out of the thirteen original mosques dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, seven have been lost during the 20th century for ideological reasons or by bombardment.
One of the two 19th-century Orthodox churches has also disappeared, while the early 20th-century synagogue, after suffering severe damage in the World War II, has been converted into a theatre.
A number of surviving late Ottoman houses demonstrate the component features of this form of domestic architecture – upper storey for residential use, hall, paved courtyard, and verandah on one or two storeys.
A number of early trading and craft buildings still exist, notably some low shops in wood or stone, stone storehouses, and a group of former tanneries round an open courtyard.
Namely the Hercegusa Tower dating from the medieval period, whereas the Ottoman defence edifices are represented by the Halebinovka and Tara Towers – the watchtowers on the ends of the Old Bridge, and a stretch of the ramparts.
During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule (1878–1918), Mostar’s city council cooperated with the Austro-Hungarians to implement sweeping reforms in city planning: broad avenues and an urban grid were imposed on the western bank of the Neretva, and significant investments were made in infrastructure, communications and housing.
City administrators like Mustafa Mujaga Komadina were central players in these transformations, which facilitated growth and linked the eastern and western banks of the city.
Noteworthy examples of Austro-Hungarian architecture include the Municipality building, which was designed by the architect Josip Vancaš from Sarajevo, Residential districts around the Rondo, and Gimnazija Mostar from 1902 designed by František Blažek.
Between 1948 and 1974 the industrial base was expanded with construction of a metal-working factory, cotton textile mills, and an aluminum plant.
Skilled workers, both men and women, entered the work force and the social and demographic profile of the city was broadened dramatically; between 1945 and 1980, Mostar’s population grew from 18,000 to 100,000.
Because Mostar’s eastern bank was burdened by inadequate infrastructure, the city expanded on the western bank with the construction of large residential blocks.
Commercial buildings in the functionalist style appeared on the historic eastern side of the city as well, replacing more intimate timber constructions that had survived since Ottoman times.
In the 1970s and 1980s, a healthy local economy fueled by foreign investment spurred recognition and conservation of the city’s cultural heritage.
An economically sustainable plan to preserve the old town of Mostar was implemented by the municipality, which drew thousands of tourists from the Adriatic coast and invigorated the economy of the city.
The Old Bridge was completed in 1566 and was hailed as one of the greatest architectural achievement in the Ottoman controlled Balkans.
This single-arch stone bridge is an exact replica of the original bridge that stood for over 400 years and that was designed by Hajrudin, a student of the great Ottoman architect Sinan.
The Halebija and Tara towers have always housed the guardians of the bridge and during Ottoman times were also used as storehouses for ammunition.
The bridge footpath and the approaching roads are paved with cobblestones, as is the case with the main roads in the town.
During the armed conflict between Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats in the Bosnian War in the 1990s, the bridge was destroyed by the HVO (Croatian Defence Council).
The Old Bazaar, Kujundziluk is named after the goldsmiths who traditionally created and sold their wares on this street, and still sells authentic paintings and copper or bronze carvings of the Stari Most, pomegranates (the natural symbol of Herzegovina) or the stećaks (medieval tombstones).
Since the end of the wider war in 1995, great progress has been made in the reconstruction of the city of Mostar.
The city was under direct monitoring from a European Union envoy, several elections were held and each nation was accommodated with regard to political control over the city.
A monumental project to rebuild the Old Bridge, which was destroyed during the Bosnian War, to the original design, and restore surrounding structures and historic neighbourhoods was initiated in 1999 and mostly completed by Spring 2004.
The money for this reconstruction was donated by Spain (who had a sizable contingent of peacekeeping troops stationed in the surrounding area during the conflict), the United States, Turkey, Italy, the Netherlands, and Croatia.
In parallel with the restoration of the Old Bridge, the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and the World Monuments Fund, with funding provided by the World Bank, undertook a five-year-long restoration and rehabilitation effort in historic Mostar.
Realizing early on that the reconstruction of the bridge without an in-depth rehabilitation of the surrounding historic neighbourhoods would be devoid of context and meaning, they shaped the programme in such a way as to establish a framework of urban conservation schemes and individual restoration projects that would help regenerate the most significant areas of historic Mostar, and particularly the urban tissue around the Old Bridge.
The project also resulted in the establishment of the Stari Grad Agency which has an important role in overseeing the ongoing implementation of the conservation plan, as well as operating and maintaining a series of restored historic buildings (including the Old Bridge complex) and promoting Mostar as a cultural and tourist destination.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has three national electric, postal and telecommunication service corporations; the seat of one per each group is placed in Mostar (electric utility provider Elektroprivreda HZHB, postal service company Hrvatska pošta Mostar and HT Mostar, the third largest telecommunication company in the country).
Considering the fact that three dams are situated on the city of Mostar’s territory, the city has a solid base for further development of production.
The private sector has seen a notable increase in small and medium enterprises over the past couple of years contributing to the positive business climate.
As in many other cities, its demographic profile was significantly altered after the Bosnian War; in case of Mostar, most of the Serbs left the city.
According to the official data of the local elections of 2008, among 6 city election districts, three western ones (Croat-majority) had 53,917 registered voters, and those three on the east (Bosniak-majority) had 34,712 voters.
After the Bosnian War, following the Dayton Agreement, the villages of Kamena, Kokorina and Zijemlje were separated from Mostar to form the new municipality of Istočni Mostar (East Mostar), in the Republika Srpska.
Mostar, and Herzegovina area in general, enjoy a modified Humid subtropical climate (Cfa) under the Köppen Climate Classification, with cold, humid winters and hot, drier summers.
During the 2012 European cold wave, Mostar experienced unusually cold weather with freezing temperatures lasting for days and a record snow depth of .
According to the constitution, imposed by High Representative Paddy Ashdown on January 28, 2004 after local politicians failed to reach an agreement, the mayor of Mostar has to be elected by the city council with a two-thirds majority.
Ashdown abolished the six municipalities that were divided equally among Bosniaks and Croats and replaced them with six electoral units, ridding Mostar of duplicate institutions and costs.
According to the constitution the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs) are guaranteed a minimum of four seats and a maximum of 15 seats.
18 deputies are elected by the election units: 3 deputies from each district and 15 deputies are elected at the level of entire city.
This move was opposed by the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) and the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH).
In a January 26 poll organized by the international community, 75 percent of Mostar’s citizens said that they supported the idea of a unified city.
In 2011 the constitutional court declared current Statute as unconstitutional, because the numbers of deputies from city districts did not match the number of voters in each district.
The City is waiting for the new Statute to be created, and many believe that such a thing will need to be carried by OHR.
In November 2011 Roderick W. Moore, the Principal Deputy High Representative, emphasized the importance of the urgent acts towards adoption of the new, constitutional Statute.
All public schools in Mostar, both elementary and secondary education, are divided between Croat curriculum and Federal (unofficially Bosniak) curriculum schools.
This ethnic division of schools was emplaced during the very first year of the Bosnian war and it continues, with some modifications, to this day.
The country's higher education reform and the signing of the Bologna Process have forced both universities to put aside their rivalry to some extent and try to make themselves more competitive on a regional level.
University of Mostar is the second largest university in the country and the only Croatian language university in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The origin of the university can be traced back to the Herzegovina Franciscan Theological School, which was founded in 1895 and closed in 1945, was the first higher education institution in Mostar.
FK Velež won the Yugoslav Cup in 1981 and in 1986, which was one of the most significant accomplishments this club has achieved.
Since the Bosnian War, each club has generally been supported by a particular ethnic group (Velež for the Bosniaks and Zrinjski for the Croats).
In basketball, HKK Zrinjski Mostar competes at the nation's highest level while the Zrinjski banner also represents the city in the top handball league.
Vahid Halilhodžić, a former Bosnian football player and current manager of the Morocco national football team, started his professional career in FK Velež Mostar.
Mostar International Airport serves the city as well as the railway and bus stations which connect it to a number of national and international destinations.
The World War II Partisan cemetery in Mostar, designed by the architect Bogdan Bogdanović, is another important symbol of the city.
Its sacrosanct quality is derived from the unity of nature (water and greenery) with the architectural expression of the designer; the monument was inscribed on the list of National Monuments in 2006.
The Catholic pilgrimage site of Međugorje is also nearby as well as the Tekija Dervish Monastery in Blagaj, 13th-century town of Počitelj, Blagaj Fort (Stjepan-grad), Kravica waterfall, seaside town of Neum, Roman villa rustica from the early fourth century Mogorjelo, Stolac with its stećak necropolis and the remains of an ancient Greek town of Daorson.
Nearby sites also include the nature park called Hutovo Blato, archeological site Desilo, Lake Boračko as well as Vjetrenica cave, the largest and most important cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Sons of Eber or Bnei Ever (בני-עבר) a synonym for the earliest cultural Hebrews, are first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis 10:21 ().
In Protestant & Reform circles Hebrews are defined as descending from Abraham and the identification of the Bnei Ever of Genesis 10:21 remains obscure except for the eighth generation around whose descendants the biblical narratives are mainly concerned.
In the second generation there are thirteen children of Joktan – Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Havilah, Jobab and Ophir are mentioned while only Reu is recorded as being from Peleg.
In the third to fifth generations only Reu's descendants are mentioned, namely Serug or Surug/Sun, who fathered the first Nahor, whence came Terah.
Bethuel's son is Laban, and Kemuel's son is Aram (Aram of the Two Rivers or Aram-Narharaim), by whom the Nahorites came to be known as Arameans.
This is a list of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), which are minor planets in the Solar System that orbit the Sun at a greater distance on average than Neptune, that is, their orbit has a semi-major axis greater than 30.1 astronomical units (AU).
Centaurs have unstable orbits in which the perihelion (q) is well inside of Neptune's orbit but the farthest point (aphelion, Q) is very distant.
This list includes all numbered trans-Neptunian objects with a semi-major axis greater than 30.1 astronomical units (AU), Neptune's average orbital distance from the Sun.
There are more than 2,000 unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects, defined here as minor planets with a semi-major axis larger than 30.1 AU (Neptune's average orbital distance from the Sun).
The plot for the entire region contains 1418 objects including plutinos (#185), twotinos (#36), other resonant objects (#124), cubewanos (#420), inner (#40) and outer classical objects (#6), SDOs (#289), sednoids (#11), centaurs (#101) and other TNOs (#206).
Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Aigialeia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.
The city of Aigion was founded during Homeric times and became part of the first Achaean League since around 800 BC.
After the disaster of Helike, which was destroyed by an earthquake and buried by a tsunami in 373 BC, Aigion took the territory of the neighbouring city.
After the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, Aegium became a part of the Eastern Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire.
The city was captured by the Crusaders in the early 13th century and became the seat of a barony of the Principality of Achaea.
In 1459 it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, who ruled it until the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, except for brief interruptions by the Venetians from 1463 until 1470, and from 1685 until 1715.
The city was captured by the Greek rebels on 26 March 1821, becoming one of the first towns to be liberated from Ottoman rule.
In July 1822, at Akrata, near the town, a force of Greek fighters under Londos, Zaimis and Petimezas surrounded and attacked a group of 4000 Turks marching to Patras, after their defeat at the Battle of Dervenakia.
On June 15, 1995, a serious earthquake destroyed many buildings and damaged roads in the downtown and southwestern sections, with a number of casualties.
The earthquake shattered Aigio: small memorials are found throughout the city, with candles aglow day and night to remember the victims.
Until May 2011, a ferry served the port of Aigio, connecting it to the north-eastern mainland city of Agios Nikolaos (not to be confused with the Cretan city of the same name).
In May 2011, the shipping company that operated the ferry announced that it was suspending the ferry because of financial reasons.
The port also has railroad tracks, but the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) announced suspension of service in Aigio and across the Pelopponese in January 2011.
As of 2017, a new double and electrified railway line was under construction, as well as a new railway station at the east outskirts of the city.
According to OSE, completion was expected in 2019, when the city of Aigio would again be connected by train to Athens and Corinth.
Aigio, along with Patras and Piraeus, has been one of the main export hubs for Corinthian raisins since the 19th century.
Aigio houses two branch departments of the Technological Educational Institute of Patras, the department of Physiotherapy and the Optics and Optometry department.
The Hospital performs the greatest number of laparoscopic surgeries in Greece, while more than 50,000 people are examined on a yearly basis.
Mickey is introduced riding on a rhea instead of a horse as would be expected (or an ostrich as often reported).
The latter emerges the victor (by covering Pete's head with a chamber pot he pulls out from under a bed) and finally gets hold of Minnie.
The finale has Mickey and Minnie riding the rhea stage left until they are obscured entirely by trees in the foreground.
Later audiences would comment on all three early versions of Mickey Mouse characters as seeming to come out of rough, lower class backgrounds that little resemble the later versions of Mickey Mouse.
Mickey was at first thought to be much too similar to Oswald the Rabbit, which may have helped to explain the audience's apparent lack of interest in him.
It is also the first time she wears her distinctive oversized high-heeled pumps, although they fall off when she is kidnapped and she spends the rest of the cartoon shoeless.
Mickey is also seen wearing shoes for the first time, and as the years went by animators would change Mickey Mouse.
In the first three Mickey Mouse shorts, he is a character meant to appeal to adult sensibilities; he smokes, drinks, and cavorts.
In these works, 23 is considered lucky, unlucky, sinister, strange, sacred to the goddess Eris, or sacred to the unholy gods of the Cthulhu Mythos.
Subsequently, the earldom was re-created for the 4th Earl's nephew and heir of line, Francis Stewart, whose father was an illegitimate son of James V. The second creation was forfeited in 1612, and although the heir was subsequently rehabilitated, the title was never restored.
The next heir appears to have been Captain Francis Stewart of Coldingham, a cavalry officer who commanded the royalist left wing at the Battle of Bothwell Brig in 1679, and who seems to have died around 1683; the male line has not been traced beyond this point.
Before the group started to work on the album they casually set out some goals that they wanted to achieve with it from conversations during the Roll the Bones Tour.
The group agreed that rock band Primus, who opened for them on the Roll the Bones Tour, and Pearl Jam influenced them to tweak their sound further.
As with their previous two studio albums, Rush retreated to Chalet Studios in Claremont, Ontario to write and rehearse new material during the week, returning home on weekends to see their families.
They stayed at Chalet for about two months, and rehearsed well enough so they could concentrate on obtaining a satisfactory sound and a spontaneous performance for their respective parts.
The writing sessions were met with increased tension between Lee and Lifeson, matters of which began on the Roll the Bones Tour over musical differences.
Among the topics that he thought about were the differences between genders, the anima and animus principle devised by psychologist Carl Jung, and the good and bad regarding heroism.
Initially, they talked to a lot of young producers, but they soon realised that there was little to gain from someone who had worked on fewer albums than the group had released over its career and sought someone experienced.
Lee said that the band had remained friendly with Collins, and noticed he had developed as a producer since they had last worked with him, including his work with more American rock bands.
The album was recorded from April to June 1993 at Le Studio in Morin-Heights, Quebec and McClear Pathé in Toronto, Ontario.
The 8-track demos were transferred onto the studio's 24-track recorder and became guide tracks for the band to follow and re-record their parts.
He had resisted the idea of recording his guitars outside of the studio's control room for the past 12 years, but Shirley talked him into playing in the studio room.
To help Lifeson listed each track on a magnetic board so they could play around with the order until they had one that they were happy with.
The band had planned to release the album earlier but Lifeson said that would have meant starting the tour earlier, but neither member was keen to do so.
He then took Jung's concept of anima and animus to write about a man dominating his softer, feminine side with aggression and ambition, more typical male traits.
Collins suggested having a string section added and chose Michael Kamen to orchestrate and conduct, so Lee devised some orchestral ideas that were included in the final arrangement.
Lee and Lifeson then got a feel into the previously difficult verses which led to Lifeson adding his steel guitar-like parts to which Lee was able to contribute harmonics.
Before the album was released it premiered during a radio special hosted by Steve Warden on CILQ in Toronto on October 14, 1993.
Relations between the members were reportedly tense, and they followed the tour with a long break, during which lead singer/bass player Geddy Lee planned to spend time with his growing family, while each member explored other creative interests, such as a Lifeson solo album.
On Friday, October 2, 1925, a 4,000-foot Chesapeake and Ohio railroad single track tunnel built during Reconstruction collapsed under Church Hill.
The Church Hill Tunnel collapse occurred during refurbishment works, killing 3 or 4 and engulfing a work train complete with a 4-4-0 engine #231 and 10 flat cars.
The bricked-in entrance of the collapsed tunnel can still be seen at the south-east end of the alley just north of Marshall Street, on 18th Street.
Douglas Wilder, the first African American to have been elected governor of a U.S. state, was born and raised in Church Hill.
In recent years, Church Hill has undergone gentrification and now experiences much lower rates of crime than it did in the late 20th century.
In 2015, Redfin included Church Hill in a roundup of most walkable neighborhoods in the city—while Richmond was named #9 in their list of Top 10 Most Walkable Mid-Sized Cities.
In 1957, encouraged in large part by Historic Richmond, City Council created a historic district ordinance while simultaneously adopting the St. John's Church Old and Historic District.
The White House press corps is the group of journalists, correspondents, or members of the media usually stationed at the White House in Washington, D.C., to cover the president of the United States, White House events, and news briefings.
The White House press secretary or a deputy generally holds a weekday news briefing in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room.
When a new U.S. president is elected, some news organizations change their correspondents, most often to the reporter who had been assigned to cover the new president during the preceding campaign.
For example, after the 2008 presidential campaign, ABC News moved Jake Tapper, who had covered Barack Obama during his presidential campaign, to the White House correspondent's position.
An urban legend exists of President Theodore Roosevelt noticing a group of correspondents in the rain looking for sources for their stories and inviting them into the White House.
Subsequent historical research outlines how reporters were able to start with small stories in the White House and then grew their presence and influence over a span of many years.
Malonic acid is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor: It acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the cyano acetic acid salt via a nucleophilic substitution.
Malonyl CoA is formed from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.
Malonic acid is also known to be a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the dehydrogenation of succinate within Krebs cycle.
It can be converted into 1,3 propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers and a projected market size of $621.2 million by 2021.
It can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.
One application of malonic acid is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.
It is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.
Malonic acid was listed as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass by the US Department of Energy.
In food and drug applications, malonic acid can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.
Malonic acid is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.
Malonic acid (up to 37.5% w/w) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.
Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.
The beautiful young princess Snow White evokes the Queen's sense of envy, so the Queen designs a number of plans to kill Snow White through the use of witchcraft.
In these, the Queen is often re-imagined and sometimes portrayed more sympathetically, such as being morally conflicted or suffering from madness instead of being simply evil.
In some instances, she serves as the protagonist of the story; one such particularly notable version is Disney's, sometimes known as Queen Grimhilde.
The Queen has also become an archetype that inspired several characters featured in the works that are not directly based on the original tale.
The King's new and second wife is very beautiful, but she is also a wicked and vain woman who becomes the new and second Queen, and Snow White's stepmother.
She owns a magic mirror, which one day informs her that her young stepdaughter Princess Snow White has surpassed her in beauty.
After deciding to eliminate Snow White, the Queen orders her Huntsman to take the princess into the forest and kill her.
However, the Huntsman takes pity on Snow White, and instead, brings the Queen the lungs and liver of a wild boar.
Intending to kill Snow White herself, she uses witchcraft to prepare poison and take the disguise of an old peddler woman.
She visits the dwarfs' house and sells Snow White laces for a corset that she laces too tight in an attempt to asphyxiate the girl.
When the comb fails to kill Snow White, the Queen again visits Snow White disguised as a farmer's wife and gives Snow White a poisoned apple.
Therefore, many (especially modern) revisions of the fairy tale often change the gruesome classic ending in order to make it seem less violent.
Already the first English translation of the Grimms' tale, written by Edgar Taylor in 1823, has the Queen choke on her own envy upon the sight of Snow White alive.
Rosemary Ellen Guiley suggests that the Queen uses an apple because it recalls the temptation of Eve; this creation story from the Bible led the Christian Church to view apples as a symbol of sin.
Robert G. Brown of Duke University also makes a connection with the story of Adam and Eve, seeing the Queen as a representation of the archetype of Lilith.
The Queen's demands of proof from the huntsman (often her lover in non-Grimm versions) also vary: a bottle of blood stoppered with the princess' toe in Spain, or the princess' intestines and blood-soaked shirt in Italy.
The Grimm brothers invented the motif of the Queen's execution at Snow White's wedding; the original story sees her punished by the King.
There is, for instance, no suggestion that the queen's absorption in her beauty ever gives her pleasure, or that the desire for power through sexual attractiveness is itself a sexual feeling.
What is stressed is the anger and fear that attend the queen's realization that as she and Snow White both get older, she must lose.
Her continued existence means not only that Snow White's life remains in jeopardy, but that the princess is apt to be plagued by vain temptations for the rest of her days.
Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase: malonate binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, and so competes with succinate, the usual substrate of the enzyme.
The observation that malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase was used to deduce the structure of the active site in that enzyme.
Star Search is an American television show that was produced by T.P.E./Rysher Entertainment from 1983 to 1995, hosted by Ed McMahon, and created by Al Masini.
The show was originally filmed at the old Earl Carroll Theatre (now known as Nickelodeon on Sunset), at 6230 Sunset Blvd.
All acts were judged by a panel of four judges, and each judge could award an act from one to four stars (later changed to five stars).
If there was a tie, a studio audience vote broke the tie, in which case the results were revealed at the end of the show.
Any performer must win at least several shows in a row, depending on the number of shows left in the season, to earn an entry into the next round of the competition; usually this was three or four wins in a row.
In most seasons, two semifinal shows took place, one in the fall, the other in the spring, prior to the championship show.
No scoring was used, and the judges' votes weren't revealed, but the acts that won their semifinals would then compete in the championship show.
On the championship show, winners of Male Vocalist, Female Vocalist, Vocal Group, Comedy, and Dance, were awarded $100,000 but no record contract was guaranteed.
In early seasons, before the three match limit rule was adopted, the grand champions were determined by how long a champion held their title.
While it is believed that Sam Harris holds the record for longest championship, at 14 weeks in Season 1, Harris was actually defeated by singer Beau Williams on Harris' 14th attempt.
This record is actually held by singer Durell Coleman (1985), who won the $100,000 on Season 2 with 15 wins and no defeats.
This new version was judged by four panelists, including Ben Stein, Naomi Judd, Ahmet Zappa and a rotating celebrity panelist (which in at least one case was McMahon himself).
The three house judges, along with the one celebrity judge, gave each contestant a score on a scale from one to five stars, making a maximum studio score 20 stars.
If the score was tied, then Hall would read off each performer's score rounded to the nearest hundredth (the at-home score was initially rounded down to the nearest star, unless there was a tie).
The only real exception to this format during the first three seasons was that three people competed in the semi-final rounds, not two.
For the fourth and final season, three contestants in Adult Singer, Junior Singer, and Dance were brought back to initially compete (Comedy was dropped, jokingly because Naomi gave many comics only one star).
With only three judges, a score of 15 stars was possible, and ties were broken by a majority vote between the three.
The winning challenger then had the chance to challenge one of the three performers in his or her respective winner's circle.
The winner's circle performer then had to beat or tie the bar set by the challenger; ties were automatically given to the Winner's Circle performer.
If they couldn't beat the score, they were out of the competition, and the challenger took his or her place in the Winner's Circle.
Woncheuk (613–696) (Chinese Yuáncè) was a Korean Buddhist monk, also known as Ximing Fashi (西明法师) after the name of this temple where he did most of his important work.
In forming diethyl malonate from malonic acid, the hydroxyl group (-OH) on both of the carboxyl groups is replaced by an ethoxy group (-OEt; -OCHCH).
The methylene group (-CH-) in the middle of the malonic part of the diethyl malonate molecule is neighboured by two carbonyl groups (-C(=O)-).
The hydrogen atoms on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group in a molecule is significantly more acidic than hydrogen atoms on a carbon adjacent to alkyl groups (up to 30 orders of magnitude).
The hydrogen atoms on a carbon adjacent to two carbonyl groups are even more acidic because the carbonyl groups help stabilize the carbanion resulting from the removal of a proton from the methylene group between them.
Diethyl malonate may be prepared by reacting the sodium salt of chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide, followed by base hydrolysis of the resultant nitrile to give the sodium salt malonicacid.
In comparison, when sodium ethoxide is used, any nucleophilic attack at the carboxylate by the ethoxide will not give any side product; other alkoxide salts will cause scrambling by transesterification.
Diethyl malonate can be nitrosated with excess sodium nitrite in acetic acid to afford diethyl oximinomalonate, catalytic hydrogenolysis of which in ethanol over Pd/C affords diethyl aminomalonate (DEAM).
DEAM can be acetylated to produce diethyl acetamidomalonate (useful in amino-acid synthesis), or can be added with 3-substituted 2,4-diketones to boiling acetic acid to afford in maximal yield variously substituted ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylates of interest for porphyrin synthesis.
Max Wilhelm Dehn (November 13, 1878 – June 27, 1952) was a German mathematician most famous for his work in geometry, topology and geometric group theory.
Dehn was a student of David Hilbert, and in his habilitation in 1900 Dehn resolved Hilbert's third problem, making him the first to resolve one of Hilbert's well-known 23 problems.
He studied the foundations of geometry with Hilbert at Göttingen in 1899, and obtained a proof of the Jordan curve theorem for polygons.
In his habilitation at the University of Münster in 1900 he resolved Hilbert's third problem, by introducing what was afterwards called the Dehn invariant.
In 1910 Dehn published a paper on three-dimensional topology in which he introduced Dehn surgery and used it to construct homology spheres.
Also in 1912, Dehn invented what is now known as Dehn's algorithm and used it in his work on the word and conjugacy problems for groups.
The notion of a Dehn function in geometric group theory, which estimates the area of a relation in a finitely presented group in terms of the length of that relation, is also named after him.
In the early 1920s Dehn introduced the result that would come to be known as the Dehn-Nielsen theorem; its proof would be published in 1927 by Jakob Nielsen.
He stayed in Germany until January 1939, when he fled to Copenhagen, and then to Trondheim, Norway, where he took a position at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.
In October 1940 he left Norway for America by way of Siberia and Japan (the Atlantic crossing was considered too dangerous).
In 1942 he took a job at the Illinois Institute of Technology, and in 1943 he moved to St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.
In March 1944, Dehn was invited to give two talks at Black Mountain College on the philosophy and history of mathematics.
After negotiating his salary from $25 to $40 per month, Dehn and his wife moved into housing provided by the school and he began teaching in January 1945.
His classes had an emphasis on the way shapes relate to each other, a concept that can be useful in artistic mediums.
He enjoyed the forested mountains found in Black Mountain, and would often hold class in the woods, giving lectures during hikes.
In the summer of 1952 Dehn was made Professor Emeritus, which allowed him to remain on campus and act as an advisor.
The first two generations (1G and 2G) share the automobile platform and parts with the rebadged Eagle Talon and Plymouth Laser captive imports.
During May 2005, the fourth, and final, generation (4G) Eclipse was introduced, replacing the Chrysler platform used in the first three generations with the PS platform.
At the end of August 2011, the final Eclipse rolled off the assembly line, and was auctioned off, the proceeds donated to charity.
In January 2017, Mitsubishi stated that it plans to resurrect the Eclipse name on a compact crossover vehicle, titled the Eclipse Cross, which debuted at the 2017 Geneva Auto Show in March.
The first generation Eclipse underwent minor styling changes during its production; 1992–1994 models have updated sheetmetal and are easily distinguishable from earlier model years.
These models varied significantly in drivetrains and available options, and included some variance in appearance, as higher trim lines added different front and rear fascia panels and surrounding trim, with the GSX model getting a notably different styling package from the others.
The basic driveline layout of the Eclipse is a transverse-mounted 4-cylinder Mitsubishi 4G37 or 4G63 engine situated on the left-hand side of the car driving an automatic or manual transmission on the right-hand side.
AWD models have a different transmission which includes a limited-slip center differential and output shaft for a transfer case, which drives the rear differential (also available as limited-slip) and half-shafts.
The 4G63 is composed of an iron engine block and aluminum cylinder head and is equipped with 2 balance shafts for smooth operation.
The turbocharged version of the 4G63 (sometimes referred to as the 4G63T) is equipped with a lower compression ratio (7.8 in 1990-1994, 8.5 in 1995 - 1999 and 9.0 in the naturally aspirated version) and oil squirters under the pistons for better cooling from extra heat introduced in the system by forced induction.
The original 6-bolt design is generally regarded as a stronger engine due to the bolt design as well as thicker connecting rods.
The dealers would inspect the vehicles for adequacy of the transfer case oil volume, transfer case oil leakage, and operational degradation of the transfer case mechanism.
The transfer case itself did not leak but rather the brass plug in the center of the transfer case yoke would leak.
The Eclipse was completely redesigned in 1994 (for the 1995 model year) and now came with standard dual air bags, more rounded styling, a larger interior and a new engine made by Chrysler for the base model.
The second generation car maintained the market focus of the first generation car but had numerous changes to appeal to a broader market.
A convertible model, named the Eclipse Spyder, was introduced in 1996 offered in two trim levels; the GS and the GS-T.
The GSX model was also powered by this engine but with the addition of a high performance all wheel drive system.
The US version engines produced 140 hp, found only in the RS and GS trims, and were a modified version of the Chrysler Neon engine, the 420a, manufactured by Chrysler and delivered to and installed at the Diamond Star Motors facility.
International market Eclipses made less horsepower than their Japanese domestic market relatives when equipped with the 4G63 (, ), due to emissions regulations at the time.
As the width dimension and larger engines were offered to Japanese consumers, it was now regarded as a luxury car, as this generation no longer complied with Japanese Government dimension regulations, and Japanese consumers were liable for annual taxes as a result, which affected sales.
It also included the leather interior package, accented exhaust exit, and hoop-style spoiler that were available as standard equipment on GS-T and GSX models.
It used a naturally aspirated Mitsubishi 4G63 motor, similar to what was available in the 1G, unique sideview mirrors, and amber rear turn signals.
The headlights were given a sharper slant on the inner edges, and the previous all-chrome fixture interior changed to a black interior with chrome reflector inserts.
The rear bumper cap was altered and had the reverse lights restyled and moved out into the bumper fascia, away from their original central position by the license plate bracket.
The interior color choices also changed from blue, and grey in 1995–1996 model years to black/grey, tan/black, and grey in the 1997–1999 model years.
The black leather interior option was only available in 1999; the package included all seats (with the 'Mitsubishi' logo embroidered on both of the fronts), door inserts, and center console armrest.
The Eclipse was available in seven trim levels: Base [Only available in 1996.5 (mid-model year)], RS (Rally Sport), GS (Grand Sport), GS Spyder, GS-T (Grand Sport Turbo), GS-T Spyder, and GSX (Grand Sport X=AWD).
The 1995–1999 turbo engines were given an increased compression ratio of 8.5:1, up from 7.8:1, and a smaller turbo, a Garrett T25 set to 12psi in place of the previous Mitsubishi TD04-13G (automatic cars) and TD05-14B (manual cars).
Because they look similar, it is important to note that the 1990-1994 cylinder head is more on the side of high air volume, while the 1995-1999 cylinder head is more on the side of high air velocity.
It is identical to that used in the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, which was not yet sold in North America until 2003.
Although originally deactivated to protect the drivetrain, it included advanced features such as launch control, boost control, adjustable rev-limit, fuel system control and even fuel and boost map selection for certain Mitsubishi Heavy Industries turbochargers.
The 2G Eclipse received numerous Technical Service Bulletins (TSB) affecting a variety of issues with the car however there was one notable powertrain recall.
The dealers would inspect the vehicles for adequacy of the transfer case oil volume, transfer case oil leakage, and operational degradation of the transfer case mechanism.
The transfer case itself did not leak but rather the brass plug in the center of the transfer case yoke would leak.
There were a variety of symptoms however the most common symptom of crankwalk is the clutch pedal would stick to the floor upon making a left turn.
All 2G Eclipses came standard with driver and front-passenger air bags, side-guard door beams, front and rear body structure crumple zones, 5 mph energy absorbing bumpers, safety-cage body construction, 4- wheel disc brakes (except RS), three-point ELR/ALR lap/shoulder safety belts (ELR only for driver) and height adjustable front shoulder belts.
The Eclipse underwent a change into its third generation in 1999, closely applying the Mitsubishi SST design study which debuted at the 1998 North American International Auto Show.
Two new powertrain options were available, a 2.4 L 16-valve SOHC 4-cylinder 4G64 and a 24v SOHC 3.0 L V6 (6G72).
In late 2001, power of the GT trim was lowered to as a result of tightened emission standards forcing MMNA to adopt the California emissions standards for all variants of the car, rather than selling independent 'Fed Spec' and 'Cali Spec' versions.
This vehicle included an engine with a 10:1 compression ratio, revised camshaft profile and an improved Mitsubishi Variable Induction Management (MVIM) air intake system that gave the car an extra and a slightly improved power curve.
With the introduction of the 2003 GTS model, the Eclipse saw minor changes including a redesigned front bumper with slotted fog lights, as well as a recoloring of the tail lights.
The third generation Eclipse utilized two distinct Mitsubishi engines: The SOHC 4G64 2.4 L 16-valve four-cylinder and SOHC 6G72 3.0 L 24-valve V6.
The four-cylinder, found in the RS, GS and GS Spyder trims, used a 9:1 compression ratio and produced an output of and of torque throughout all years.
The 3.0 L V6, however, found in GT and GT Spyder models, produced in Fed Spec between 2000-2001 and in all GT models in Cali Spec, all years with a static compression ratio of 9:1.
In 2003, the 3.0 L V6 was improved for the GTS and GT/GTS Spyder, using a revised camshaft profile, raised compression ratio of 10:1 and variable-length MVIM intake manifold.
The Mitsubishi Eclipse EV is a prototype electric vehicle with a lightweight electric motor and lithium-ion batteries in the chassis of a third generation Eclipse.
It is powered by manganese lithium-ion batteries made by Japan Storage Battery, which have 65% reduced charging time over nickel-hydrogen batteries.
It participated in the 2001 Shikoku EV Rally, a circuit around the perimeter of Shikoku, Japan, where it drove in excess of on a single battery charge.
Another substantial styling revision was introduced, with the new model taking some of the profile from the second generation model but maintaining a front fascia consistent with Mitsubishi's current corporate styling features.
Drivetrain features of the new model include a 3.8 L MIVEC V6 for the GT trim, 2009 and newer models have .
The GS has a 2.4 L MIVEC four-cylinder, both derived from the Mitsubishi PS platform family, with which the Eclipse shares many mechanical components.
Like the 2004 Galant and third generation Eclipse, the new Eclipse is FWD only, although a concept model has been produced by Mitsubishi and Ralliart with a MillenWorks designed hybrid-electric AWD platform, the 4G63 engine from the Lancer Evolution, and more aggressive body styling with imitation carbon fiber accents.
For the 2010 model year in the U.S., its primary market, the Eclipse was available in five trim levels: GS, GS Sport Spyder, SE, GT, and GT Spyder.
Boasting nine speakers including a trunk-mounted subwoofer, a 6-CD in-dash changer, and steering wheel-mounted audio controls, the package also includes a center display with outside temperature and compass readings and an electrochromic rear-view mirror.
Rockford Fosgate audio system with nine speakers, including a 10-in (254 mm) trunk-mounted subwoofer, a 6-CD/MP3-compatible in-dash changer, steering wheel-mounted audio controls.
The Eclipse is equipped with dual bank catalytic converters on the manifolds of both the 4 and 6 cylinder engines with O2 sensors placed after each catalytic converter to monitor operation.
The V6 engine now rated at and of torque in part due to the more open front fascia as well as a new stock dual exhaust system.
In the GS trim, the car gets the same 18-inch wheels and blackout front end as the GT model called the GS Sport.
For the 2012 model year, the Eclipse received three slight changes: brake override logic, a clear lip spoiler on the GT trim, and one new exterior color.
The last Eclipse to roll off the assembly line was built on 16 August 2011, painted Kalapana Black, its color was chosen from by members of Mitsubishi's Facebook community, who picked from a historical Eclipse color palette.
This was the only Eclipse equipped with both the 3.8L/265 hp V-6 engine and the commemorative SE package, as well as special 18-inch Dark Argent alloy wheels and one of a kind graphics.
It is also built with a sunroof, leather interior, 650W Rockford Fosgate 9-speaker audio system with Sirius XM, hands free Bluetooth phone interface, rear-view camera, and HID headlights.
In 1998, it entered the race again but was now in a lower specification class (GT3/GTS3) It finished in 24th place.
In 2009 and 2010, an Eclipse Spyder GS-T driven by Matt Andrews and Andrew Brilliant won the Super Lap Battle Limited championship in Willow Springs, California.
The Fries Rebellion (), also called Fries' Rebellion, the House Tax Rebellion, the Home Tax Rebellion and, in Deitsch, the Heesses-Wasser Uffschtand, was an armed tax revolt among Pennsylvania Dutch farmers between 1799 and 1800.
It was the third of three tax-related rebellions in the 18th century United States, the earlier two being Shays' Rebellion (central and western Massachusetts, 1786–87) and the Whiskey Rebellion (western Pennsylvania, 1794).
To pay for it, Congress in July 1798 imposed $2 million in new taxes on real estate and slaves, apportioned among the states according to the requirements of the Constitution.
Congress had also recently passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, criminalizing dissent and increasing the power of the executive branch under John Adams.
In July 1798, during the troubles between the United States and France now known as the Quasi-War, the US Congress levied a direct tax (on dwelling-houses, lands and slaves; sometimes called the Direct House Tax of 1798) of $2 million, of which Pennsylvania was called upon to contribute $237,000.
There were very few slaves in Pennsylvania, and the tax was accordingly assessed upon dwelling-houses and land, the value of the houses being determined by the number and size of the windows.
The inquisitorial nature of the proceedings, with assessors riding around and counting windows, aroused strong opposition, and many refused to pay, making the constitutional argument that this tax was not being levied in proportion to population.
At a meeting called by government representatives in an attempt to explain the tax in a way as to defuse tensions, protesters waving liberty flags, some armed and in Continental Army uniforms, shouted them down and turned the meeting into a protest rally.
He then led a small armed band that harassed the assessors enough that they decided to abandon Milford for the time being.
In early March, a local militia company and a growing force of armed irregulars met, marching to the accompaniment of drum and fife.
They captured a number of assessors there, releasing them with a warning not to return and to tell the government what had happened to them.
In Penn, the appointed assessor resigned under public threats; the assessors in Hamilton and Northampton also begged to resign, but were refused as nobody else could be found to take their places.
Arrests were made without much incident until the marshal reached Macungie, then known as Millerstown, where a crowd formed to protect a man from arrest.
In 2011, he founded his own production company known as Augury, focused on developing music-driven projects in film, television, and theater.
The show, which is being co-written by original writers Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, is expected to be performed in 2015, on the 30th anniversary year of the film.
Mark Henry Rowswell, CM (born May 23, 1965), better known by his Chinese stage name Dashan (), is a Canadian comedian and television personality based in China.
Relatively unknown in the West, Dashan is one of the most famous Western personalities in China's media industry, where he occupies a unique position as a foreign national who has become a domestic celebrity, largely through his repeated appearances on China Central Television since 1988.
Upon graduation from the University of Toronto with a bachelor of arts in Chinese studies in 1988, Rowswell was awarded a full scholarship to continue Chinese language studies at Peking University.
The following month he was invited to perform a comedic skit on national television during the CCTV New Year's Gala, a variety program broadcast to an estimated audience of 550 million people.
With the move away from xiangsheng, throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s Dashan increasingly worked in a non-comedic role as a freelance host or presenter of many varied television programs and live events, especially those with an international focus and requiring a bilingual (English/Chinese) emcee.
In early 2009 Dashan made a return to the CCTV New Year's Gala to perform a xiangsheng skit in which he appeared together with Ma Dong (), son of the famous xiangsheng master Ma Ji ().
With this performance, Dashan became (at the time) the only foreign national to have appeared on the CCTV New Year's Gala a total of three times.
Dashan made a fourth appearance on the CCTV New Year's Gala in 2011, in a skit introducing and performing with several foreign students studying Chinese at Confucius Institutes.
Dashan was appointed Commissioner General for Canada at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, a position that ran from May 2009 to November 2010.
In recent years Dashan has also become more active in online and social media, attracting over 5 million followers on two Chinese microblogs, Sina Weibo and Tencent Weibo.
In many instances, Dashan has transcended the role of celebrity performer to become a cultural ambassador between China and the West, both in an informal as well as official capacity.
In 2017 Dashan was the only Mandarin performer at the 2017 Melbourne International Comedy Festival, the third-largest international comedy festival in the world and the largest cultural event in Australia.
Dashan's name and image can often be seen in commercial endorsements for various Chinese and international companies, including Canadian Ford automobiles starting in 2007 and 2008.
Dashan is also active as a spokesman for several charity organizations, primarily involved with cancer prevention as well as environmental protection.
On April 30, 2014 Dashan was appointed to a three-year term as a member of Governing Council of the University of Toronto, and was renewed for another three-year term in 2017.
En route, his train was stopped in Germany where he and his brother, Adolfas Mekas (1925–2011), were imprisoned in a labor camp in Elmshorn, a suburb of Hamburg, for eight months.
From 1946 to 1948, he studied philosophy at the University of Mainz and at the end of 1949 he emigrated with his brother to the U.S., settling in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York.
Two weeks after his arrival, he borrowed money to buy his first Bolex 16mm camera and began recording moments of his life.
He discovered avant-garde film at venues such as Amos Vogel's pioneering Cinema 16, and he began curating avant-garde film screenings at Gallery East on Avenue A and Houston Street and at the Film Forum series at Carl Fisher Auditorium on 57th Street.
In 1962, he co-founded Film-Makers' Cooperative and the Filmmakers' Cinematheque in 1964, which eventually grew into Anthology Film Archives, one of the world's largest and most important repositories of avant-garde film.
He was a close collaborator with artists such as Andy Warhol, Nico, Allen Ginsberg, Yoko Ono, John Lennon, Salvador Dalí, and fellow Lithuanian George Maciunas.
He launched a campaign against the censorship board, and for the next few years continued to exhibit films at the Film-makers' Cinemathèque, the Jewish Museum, and the Gallery of Modern Art.
From 1964 to 1967, he organized the New American Cinema Expositions, which toured Europe and South America, and in 1966 joined 80 Wooster Fluxhouse Coop.
In 1970, Anthology Film Archives opened on 425 Lafayette Street as a film museum, screening space, and a library, with Mekas as its director.
Mekas, along with Stan Brakhage, Ken Kelman, Peter Kubelka, James Broughton, and P. Adams Sitney, began the ambitious Essential Cinema project at Anthology Film Archives to establish a canon of important cinematic works.
His work has been exhibited at the 51st Venice Biennial, PS1 Contemporary Art Center, the Ludwig Museum, the Serpentine Gallery, and the Jonas Mekas Visual Arts Center.
Beginning in the 1970s, Mekas taught film courses at the New School for Social Research, MIT, Cooper Union, and New York University.
Universal healthcare (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care.
It is generally organized around providing either all residents or only those who cannot afford on their own with either health services or the means to acquire them, with the end goal of improving health outcomes.
Some universal healthcare systems are government funded, while others are based on a requirement that all citizens purchase private health insurance.
Universal healthcare can be determined by three critical dimensions: who is covered, what services are covered, and how much of the cost is covered.
It is described by the World Health Organization as a situation where citizens can access health services without incurring financial hardship.
One of the goals with universal healthcare is to create a system of protection which provides equality of opportunity for people to enjoy the highest possible level of health.
In the United Kingdom, the National Insurance Act 1911 provided coverage for primary care (but not specialist or hospital care) for wage earners, covering about one third of the population.
Universal health care was next introduced in the Nordic countries of Sweden (1955), Iceland (1956), Norway (1956), Denmark (1961), and Finland (1964).
Universal health insurance was then introduced in Japan (1961), and in Canada through stages, starting with the province of Saskatchewan in 1962, followed by the rest of Canada from 1968 to 1972.
From the 1970s to the 2000s, Southern and Western European countries began introducing universal coverage, most of them building upon previous health insurance programs to cover the whole population.
For example, France built upon its 1928 national health insurance system, with subsequent legislation covering a larger and larger percentage of the population, until the remaining 1% of the population that was uninsured received coverage in 2000.
In addition, universal health coverage was introduced in some Asian countries, including South Korea (1989), Taiwan (1995), Israel (1995), and Thailand (2001).
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia retained and reformed its universal health care system, as did other former Soviet nations and Eastern bloc countries.
Beyond the 1990s, many countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region, including developing countries, took steps to bring their populations under universal health coverage, including China which has the largest universal health care system in the world and Brazil's SUS which improved coverage up to 80% of the population.
A 2012 study examined progress being made by these countries, focusing on nine in particular: Ghana, Rwanda, Nigeria, Mali, Kenya, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
General taxation revenue is the primary source of funding, but in many countries it is supplemented by specific levies (which may be charged to the individual and/or an employer) or with the option of private payments (by direct or optional insurance) for services beyond those covered by the public system.
Some nations, such as Germany, France, and Japan, employ a multipayer system in which health care is funded by private and public contributions.
For example, one model is that the bulk of the healthcare is funded by the municipality, speciality healthcare is provided and possibly funded by a larger entity, such as a municipal co-operation board or the state, and medications are paid for by a state agency.
A paper by Sherry A. Glied from Columbia University found that universal health care systems are modestly redistributive and that the progressivity of health care financing has limited implications for overall income inequality.
Sometimes there may be a choice of multiple public and private funds providing a standard service (as in Germany) or sometimes just a single public fund (as in Canada).
In some European countries where private insurance and universal health care coexist, such as Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, the problem of adverse selection is overcome by using a risk compensation pool to equalize, as far as possible, the risks between funds.
Thus, a fund with a predominantly healthy, younger population has to pay into a compensation pool and a fund with an older and predominantly less healthy population would receive funds from the pool.
In this way, sickness funds compete on price and there is no advantage in eliminating people with higher risks because they are compensated for by means of risk-adjusted capitation payments.
Funds are not allowed to pick and choose their policyholders or deny coverage, but they compete mainly on price and service.
That resulted in foreign insurance companies entering the Irish market and offering much less expensive health insurance to relatively healthy segments of the market, which then made higher profits at VHI's expense.
The government later reintroduced community rating by a pooling arrangement and at least one main major insurance company, BUPA, withdrew from the Irish market.
In Poland, people are obliged to pay a percentage of the average monthly wage to the state if they are not covered by private insurance.
Among the potential solutions posited by economists are single-payer systems as well as other methods of ensuring that health insurance is universal, such as by requiring all citizens to purchase insurance or by limiting the ability of insurance companies to deny insurance to individuals or vary price between individuals.
Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations (as in Canada) or own and employ healthcare resources and personnel (as was the case in England before the introduction of the Health and Social Care Act).
Some countries (notably the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Italy, Spain, Brazil, Portugal and the Nordic countries) choose to fund health care directly from taxation alone.
Other countries with insurance-based systems effectively meet the cost of insuring those unable to insure themselves via social security arrangements funded from taxation, either by directly paying their medical bills or by paying for insurance premiums for those affected.
In a social health insurance system, contributions from workers, the self-employed, enterprises and governments are pooled into a single or multiple funds on a compulsory basis.
The social health insurance model is also referred to as the 'Bismarck Model,' after Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who introduced the first universal health care system in Germany in the 19th century.
Within social health insurance, a number of functions may be executed by parastatal or non-governmental sickness funds, or in a few cases, by private health insurance companies.
Social health insurance is used in a number of Western European countries and increasingly in Eastern Europe as well as in Israel and Japan.
In private health insurance, premiums are paid directly from employers, associations, individuals and families to insurance companies, which pool risks across their membership base.
In some countries with universal coverage, private insurance often excludes certain health conditions that are expensive and the state health care system can provide coverage.
For example, in the United Kingdom, one of the largest private health care providers is BUPA, which has a long list of general exclusions even in its highest coverage policy, most of which are routinely provided by the National Health Service.
In the United States, dialysis treatment for end stage kidney failure is generally paid for by government and not by the insurance industry.
In the Netherlands, which has regulated competition for its main insurance system (but is subject to a budget cap), insurers must cover a basic package for all enrollees, but may choose which additional services they offer in supplementary plans (which most people possess - citation needed).
A particular form of private health insurance that has often emerged, if financial risk protection mechanisms have only a limited impact, is community-based health insurance.
Individual members of a specific community pay to a collective health fund which they can draw from when they need medical care.
In some countries, such as the UK, Spain, Italy, Australia, and the Nordic countries, the government has a high degree of involvement in the commissioning or delivery of health care services and access is based on residence rights, not on the purchase of insurance.
Others have a much more pluralistic delivery system, based on obligatory health with contributory insurance rates related to salaries or income and usually funded by employers and beneficiaries jointly.
Sometimes, the health funds are derived from a mixture of insurance premiums, salary related mandatory contributions by employees and/or employers to regulated sickness funds, and by government taxes.
These insurance based systems tend to reimburse private or public medical providers, often at heavily regulated rates, through mutual or publicly owned medical insurers.
A few countries, such as the Netherlands and Switzerland, operate via privately owned but heavily regulated private insurers, which are not allowed to make a profit from the mandatory element of insurance but can profit by selling supplemental insurance.
The common denominator for all such programs is some form of government action aimed at extending access to health care as widely as possible and setting minimum standards.
Usually, some costs are borne by the patient at the time of consumption, but the bulk of costs come from a combination of compulsory insurance and tax revenues.
In others, tax revenues are used either to fund insurance for the very poor or for those needing long-term chronic care.
This is a way of organising the delivery, and allocating resources, of healthcare (and potentially social care) based on populations in a given geography with a common need (such as asthma, end of life, urgent care).
The United Kingdom National Audit Office in 2003 published an international comparison of ten different health care systems in ten developed countries, nine universal systems against one non-universal system (the United States), and their relative costs and key health outcomes.
A wider international comparison of 16 countries, each with universal health care, was published by the World Health Organization in 2004.
In some cases, government involvement also includes directly managing the health care system, but many countries use mixed public-private systems to deliver universal health care.
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission (WET), or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link.
In a wireless power transmission system, a transmitter device, driven by electric power from a power source, generates a time-varying electromagnetic field, which transmits power across space to a receiver device, which extracts power from the field and supplies it to an electrical load.
The technology of wireless power transmission can eliminate the use of the wires and batteries, thus increasing the mobility, convenience, and safety of an electronic device for all users.
Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; its applications include charging handheld devices like phones and electric toothbrushes, RFID tags, induction cooking, and wirelessly charging or continuous wireless power transfer in implantable medical devices like artificial cardiac pacemakers, or electric vehicles.
An important issue associated with all wireless power systems is limiting the exposure of people and other living things to potentially injurious electromagnetic fields.
Wireless power transfer is a generic term for a number of different technologies for transmitting energy by means of electromagnetic fields.
The technologies, listed in the table below, differ in the distance over which they can transfer power efficiently, whether the transmitter must be aimed (directed) at the receiver, and in the type of electromagnetic energy they use: time varying electric fields, magnetic fields, radio waves, microwaves, infrared or visible light waves.
Wireless power uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication devices like radio, another familiar technology that involves electrical energy transmitted without wires by electromagnetic fields, used in cellphones, radio and television broadcasting, and WiFi.
In radio communication the goal is the transmission of information, so the amount of power reaching the receiver is not so important, as long as it is sufficient that the information can be received intelligibly.
In contrast, with wireless power transfer the amount of energy received is the important thing, so the efficiency (fraction of transmitted energy that is received) is the more significant parameter.
When the harvested power is used to supply the power of wireless information transmitters, the network is known as Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT); whereas when it is used to supply the power of wireless information receivers, it is known as a Wireless Powered Communication Network (WPCN).
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) provided its first certification for a wireless transmission charging system in December 2017.
Accelerating electric charges, such as are found in an alternating current (AC) of electrons in a wire, create time-varying electric and magnetic fields in the space around them.
In other words, if far apart, doubling the distance between the two antennas causes the power received to decrease by a factor of 2 = 64.
Unlike in a radiative system where the maximum radiation occurs when the dipole antennas are oriented transverse to the direction of propagation, with dipole fields the maximum coupling occurs when the dipoles are oriented longitudinally.
The induced alternating current may either drive the load directly, or be rectified to direct current (DC) by a rectifier in the receiver, which drives the load.
A few systems, such as electric toothbrush charging stands, work at 50/60 Hz so AC mains current is applied directly to the transmitter coil, but in most systems an electronic oscillator generates a higher frequency AC current which drives the coil, because transmission efficiency improves with frequency.
Inductive coupling is the oldest and most widely used wireless power technology, and virtually the only one so far which is used in commercial products.
It is used in inductive charging stands for cordless appliances used in wet environments such as electric toothbrushes and shavers, to reduce the risk of electric shock.
It is also used to charge electric vehicles such as cars and to either charge or power transit vehicles like buses and trains.
However the fastest growing use is wireless charging pads to recharge mobile and handheld wireless devices such as laptop and tablet computers, cellphones, digital media players, and video game controllers.
The power transferred increases with frequency and the mutual inductance formula_1 between the coils, which depends on their geometry and the distance formula_2 between them.
This dimensionless parameter is equal to the fraction of magnetic flux through the transmitter coil formula_4 that passes through the receiver coil formula_5 when L2 is open circuited.
If the two coils are on the same axis and close together so all the magnetic flux from formula_4 passes through formula_5, formula_8 and the link efficiency approaches 100%.
The greater the separation between the coils, the more of the magnetic field from the first coil misses the second, and the lower formula_9 and the link efficiency are, approaching zero at large separations.
In order to achieve high efficiency, the coils must be very close together, a fraction of the coil diameter formula_11, usually within centimeters, with the coils' axes aligned.
Each resonant circuit consists of a coil of wire connected to a capacitor, or a self-resonant coil or other resonator with internal capacitance.
The resonance between the coils can greatly increase coupling and power transfer, analogously to the way a vibrating tuning fork can induce sympathetic vibration in a distant fork tuned to the same pitch.
Nikola Tesla first discovered resonant coupling during his pioneering experiments in wireless power transfer around the turn of the 20th century, but the possibilities of using resonant coupling to increase transmission range has only recently been explored.
In 2007 a team led by Marin Soljačić at MIT used two coupled tuned circuits each made of a 25 cm self-resonant coil of wire at 10 MHz to achieve the transmission of 60 W of power over a distance of (8 times the coil diameter) at around 40% efficiency.
The concept behind resonant inductive coupling systems is that high Q factor resonators exchange energy at a much higher rate than they lose energy due to internal damping.
Another advantage is that resonant circuits interact with each other so much more strongly than they do with nonresonant objects that power losses due to absorption in stray nearby objects are negligible.
A coil in the wall or ceiling of a room might be able to wirelessly power lights and mobile devices anywhere in the room, with reasonable efficiency.
An environmental and economic benefit of wirelessly powering small devices such as clocks, radios, music players and remote controls is that it could drastically reduce the 6 billion batteries disposed of each year, a large source of toxic waste and groundwater contamination.
Capacitive coupling also referred to as electric coupling, makes use of electric fields for the transmission of power between two electrodes (an anode and cathode) forming a capacitance for the transfer of power.
In capacitive coupling (electrostatic induction), the conjugate of inductive coupling, energy is transmitted by electric fields between electrodes such as metal plates.
An alternating voltage generated by the transmitter is applied to the transmitting plate, and the oscillating electric field induces an alternating potential on the receiver plate by electrostatic induction, which causes an alternating current to flow in the load circuit.
The amount of power transferred increases with the frequency the square of the voltage, and the capacitance between the plates, which is proportional to the area of the smaller plate and (for short distances) inversely proportional to the separation.
Capacitive coupling has only been used practically in a few low power applications, because the very high voltages on the electrodes required to transmit significant power can be hazardous, and can cause unpleasant side effects such as noxious ozone production.
In addition, in contrast to magnetic fields, electric fields interact strongly with most materials, including the human body, due to dielectric polarization.
Intervening materials between or near the electrodes can absorb the energy, in the case of humans possibly causing excessive electromagnetic field exposure.
Capacitive coupling has recently been applied to charging battery powered portable devices as well as charging or continuous wireless power transfer in biomedical implants, and is being considered as a means of transferring power between substrate layers in integrated circuits.
In this method, power is transmitted between two rotating armatures, one in the transmitter and one in the receiver, which rotate synchronously, coupled together by a magnetic field generated by permanent magnets on the armatures.
The transmitter armature is turned either by or as the rotor of an electric motor, and its magnetic field exerts torque on the receiver armature, turning it.
The receiver armature produces power to drive the load, either by turning a separate electric generator or by using the receiver armature itself as the rotor in a generator.
A rotating armature embedded in a garage floor or curb would turn a receiver armature in the underside of the vehicle to charge its batteries.
It is claimed that this technique can transfer power over distances of 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) with high efficiency, over 90%.
Also, the low frequency stray magnetic fields produced by the rotating magnets produce less electromagnetic interference to nearby electronic devices than the high frequency magnetic fields produced by inductive coupling systems.
Other researchers, however, claim that the two energy conversions (electrical to mechanical to electrical again) make the system less efficient than electrical systems like inductive coupling.
Far field methods achieve longer ranges, often multiple kilometer ranges, where the distance is much greater than the diameter of the device(s).
High-directivity antennas or well-collimated laser light produce a beam of energy that can be made to match the shape of the receiving area.
In general, visible light (from lasers) and microwaves (from purpose-designed antennas) are the forms of electromagnetic radiation best suited to energy transfer.
The dimensions of the components may be dictated by the distance from transmitter to receiver, the wavelength and the Rayleigh criterion or diffraction limit, used in standard radio frequency antenna design, which also applies to lasers.
Electromagnetic radiation experiences less diffraction at shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies); so, for example, a blue laser is diffracted less than a red one.
The Rayleigh criterion dictates that any radio wave, microwave or laser beam will spread and become weaker and diffuse over distance; the larger the transmitter antenna or laser aperture compared to the wavelength of radiation, the tighter the beam and the less it will spread as a function of distance (and vice versa).
Typically, a laser aperture much larger than the wavelength induces multi-moded radiation and mostly collimators are used before emitted radiation couples into a fiber or into space.
Ultimately, beamwidth is physically determined by diffraction due to the dish size in relation to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation used to make the beam.
Microwave power beaming can be more efficient than lasers, and is less prone to atmospheric attenuation caused by dust or water vapor.
Here, the power levels are calculated by combining the above parameters together, and adding in the gains and losses due to the antenna characteristics and the transparency and dispersion of the medium through which the radiation passes.
Power transmission via radio waves can be made more directional, allowing longer-distance power beaming, with shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically in the microwave range.
Power beaming using microwaves has been proposed for the transmission of energy from orbiting solar power satellites to Earth and the beaming of power to spacecraft leaving orbit has been considered.
Power beaming by microwaves has the difficulty that, for most space applications, the required aperture sizes are very large due to diffraction limiting antenna directionality.
For example, the 1978 NASA study of solar power satellites required a transmitting antenna and a receiving rectenna for a microwave beam at 2.45 GHz.
These sizes can be somewhat decreased by using shorter wavelengths, although short wavelengths may have difficulties with atmospheric absorption and beam blockage by rain or water droplets.
For earthbound applications, a large-area 10 km diameter receiving array allows large total power levels to be used while operating at the low power density suggested for human electromagnetic exposure safety.
A human safe power density of 1 mW/cm distributed across a 10 km diameter area corresponds to 750 megawatts total power level.
Following World War II, which saw the development of high-power microwave emitters known as cavity magnetrons, the idea of using microwaves to transfer power was researched.
In February 1926, Yagi and his colleague Shintaro Uda published their first paper on the tuned high-gain directional array now known as the Yagi antenna.
While it did not prove to be particularly useful for power transmission, this beam antenna has been widely adopted throughout the broadcasting and wireless telecommunications industries due to its excellent performance characteristics.
Experiments in the tens of kilowatts have been performed at Goldstone in California in 1975 and more recently (1997) at Grand Bassin on Reunion Island.
A change to 24 GHz has been suggested as microwave emitters similar to LEDs have been made with very high quantum efficiencies using negative resistance, i.e., Gunn or IMPATT diodes, and this would be viable for short range links.
In 2013, inventor Hatem Zeine demonstrated how wireless power transmission using phased array antennas can deliver electrical power up to 30 feet.
In 2015, researchers at the University of Washington introduced power over Wi-Fi, which trickle-charges batteries and powered battery-free cameras and temperature sensors using transmissions from Wi-Fi routers.
It was also shown that Wi-Fi can be used to wirelessly trickle-charge nickel–metal hydride and lithium-ion coin-cell batteries at distances of up to 28 feet.
In the case of electromagnetic radiation closer to the visible region of the spectrum (tens of micrometers to tens of nanometers), power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a laser beam that is then pointed at a photovoltaic cell.
This mechanism is generally known as 'power beaming' because the power is beamed at a receiver that can convert it to electrical energy.
The first wireless power system using lasers for consumer applications was demonstrated in 2018, capable of delivering power to stationary and moving devices across a room.
Geoffrey Landis is one of the pioneers of solar power satellites and laser-based transfer of energy, especially for space and lunar missions.
Scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a proof-of-concept of utilizing a dual-wavelength laser to wirelessly charge portable devices or UAVs.
When an electric field gradient exists between the two electrodes, exceeding 34 kilovolts per centimeter at sea level atmospheric pressure, an electric arc occurs.
This atmospheric dielectric breakdown results in the flow of electric current along a random trajectory through an ionized plasma channel between the two electrodes.
An example of this is natural lightning, where one electrode is a virtual point in a cloud and the other is a point on Earth.
Laser Induced Plasma Channel (LIPC) research is presently underway using ultrafast lasers to artificially promote development of the plasma channel through the air, directing the electric arc, and guiding the current across a specific path in a controllable manner.
The laser energy reduces the atmospheric dielectric breakdown voltage and the air is made less insulating by superheating, which lowers the density (formula_12) of the filament of air.
The ambient energy may come from stray electric or magnetic fields or radio waves from nearby electrical equipment, light, thermal energy (heat), or kinetic energy such as vibration or motion of the device.
Although the efficiency of conversion is usually low and the power gathered often minuscule (milliwatts or microwatts), it can be adequate to run or recharge small micropower wireless devices such as remote sensors, which are proliferating in many fields.
This new technology is being developed to eliminate the need for battery replacement or charging of such wireless devices, allowing them to operate completely autonomously.
Michael Faraday described in 1831 with his law of induction the electromotive force driving a current in a conductor loop by a time-varying magnetic flux.
Transmission of electrical energy without wires was observed by many inventors and experimenters, but lack of a coherent theory attributed these phenomena vaguely to electromagnetic induction.
Around 1884 John Henry Poynting defined the Poynting vector and gave Poynting's theorem, which describe the flow of power across an area within electromagnetic radiation and allow for a correct analysis of wireless power transfer systems.
During the same period two schemes of wireless signaling were put forward by William Henry Ward (1871) and Mahlon Loomis (1872) that were based on the erroneous belief that there was an electrified atmospheric stratum accessible at low altitude.
A more practical demonstration of wireless transmission via conduction came in Amos Dolbear's 1879 magneto electric telephone that used ground conduction to transmit over a distance of a quarter of a mile.
After 1890, inventor Nikola Tesla experimented with transmitting power by inductive and capacitive coupling using spark-excited radio frequency resonant transformers, now called Tesla coils, which generated high AC voltages.
Early on he attempted to develop a wireless lighting system based on near-field inductive and capacitive coupling and conducted a series of public demonstrations where he lit Geissler tubes and even incandescent light bulbs from across a stage.
He found he could increase the distance at which he could light a lamp by using a receiving LC circuit tuned to resonance with the transmitter's LC circuit.
Tesla failed to make a commercial product out of his findings but his resonant inductive coupling method is now widely used in electronics and is currently being applied to short-range wireless power systems.
Tesla went on to develop a wireless power distribution system that he hoped would be capable of transmitting power long distance directly into homes and factories.
Early on he seemed to borrow from the ideas of Mahlon Loomis, proposing a system composed of balloons to suspend transmitting and receiving electrodes in the air above in altitude, where he thought the pressure would allow him to send high voltages (millions of volts) long distances.
To further study the conductive nature of low pressure air he set up a test facility at high altitude in Colorado Springs during 1899.
Experiments he conducted there with a large coil operating in the megavolts range, as well as observations he made of the electronic noise of lightning strikes, led him to conclude incorrectly that he could use the entire globe of the Earth to conduct electrical energy.
The theory included driving alternating current pulses into the Earth at its resonant frequency from a grounded Tesla coil working against an elevated capacitance to make the potential of the Earth oscillate.
Tesla thought this would allow alternating current to be received with a similar capacitive antenna tuned to resonance with it at any point on Earth with very little power loss.
In 1901, at Shoreham, New York he attempted to construct a large high-voltage wireless power station, now called Wardenclyffe Tower, but by 1904 investment dried up and the facility was never completed.
Inductive power transfer between nearby wire coils was the earliest wireless power technology to be developed, existing since the transformer was developed in the 1800s.
With the advent of cordless devices, induction charging stands have been developed for appliances used in wet environments, like electric toothbrushes and electric razors, to eliminate the hazard of electric shock.
In 1892 Maurice Hutin and Maurice Leblanc patented a wireless method of powering railroad trains using resonant coils inductively coupled to a track wire at 3 kHz.
In the early 1960s resonant inductive wireless energy transfer was used successfully in implantable medical devices including such devices as pacemakers and artificial hearts.
These medical devices are designed for high efficiency using low power electronics while efficiently accommodating some misalignment and dynamic twisting of the coils.
The proliferation of portable wireless communication devices such as mobile phones, tablet, and laptop computers in recent decades is currently driving the development of mid-range wireless powering and charging technology to eliminate the need for these devices to be tethered to wall plugs during charging.
Its Qi inductive power standard published in August 2009 enables high efficiency charging and powering of portable devices of up to 5 watts over distances of 4 cm (1.6 inches).
The wireless device is placed on a flat charger plate (which can be embedded in table tops at cafes, for example) and power is transferred from a flat coil in the charger to a similar one in the device.
In 2007, a team led by Marin Soljačić at MIT used a dual resonance transmitter with a 25 cm diameter secondary tuned to 10 MHz to transfer 60 W of power to a similar dual resonance receiver over a distance of (eight times the transmitter coil diameter) at around 40% efficiency.
In 2008 the team of Greg Leyh and Mike Kennan of Nevada Lightning Lab used a grounded dual resonance transmitter with a 57 cm diameter secondary tuned to 60 kHz and a similar grounded dual resonance receiver to transfer power through coupled electric fields with an earth current return circuit over a distance of .
In 2011, Dr. Christopher A. Tucker and Professor Kevin Warwick of the University of Reading, recreated Tesla’s 1900 patent 0,645,576 in miniature and demonstrated power transmission over with a coil diameter of at a resonant frequency of 27.50 MHz, with an effective efficiency of 60%.
Radio was developed for communication uses, but couldn't be used for power transmission since the relatively low-frequency radio waves spread out in all directions and little energy reached the receiver.
For power transmission, efficient transmission required transmitters that could generate higher-frequency microwaves, which can be focused in narrow beams towards a receiver.
The development of microwave technology during World War 2, such as the klystron and magnetron tubes and parabolic antennas made radiative (far-field) methods practical for the first time, and the first long-distance wireless power transmission was achieved in the 1960s by William C. Brown.
In 1964 Brown invented the rectenna which could efficiently convert microwaves to DC power, and in 1964 demonstrated it with the first wireless-powered aircraft, a model helicopter powered by microwaves beamed from the ground.
Conceived in 1968 by Peter Glaser, this would harvest energy from sunlight using solar cells and beam it down to Earth as microwaves to huge rectennas, which would convert it to electrical energy on the electric power grid.
In landmark 1975 experiments as technical director of a JPL/Raytheon program, Brown demonstrated long-range transmission by beaming 475 W of microwave power to a rectenna a mile away, with a microwave to DC conversion efficiency of 54%.
At NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory he and Robert Dickinson transmitted 30 kW DC output power across 1.5 km with 2.38 GHz microwaves from a 26 m dish to a 7.3 x 3.5 m rectenna array.
In 1983 Japan launched MINIX (Microwave Ionosphere Nonlinear Interaction Experiment), a rocket experiment to test transmission of high power microwaves through the ionosphere.
In recent years a focus of research has been the development of wireless-powered drone aircraft, which began in 1959 with the Dept.
In 1987 Canada's Communications Research Center developed a small prototype airplane called Stationary High Altitude Relay Platform (SHARP) to relay telecommunication data between points on earth similar to a communications satellite.
The small model plane's motor was powered by electricity generated by photocells from a beam of infrared light from a ground-based laser, while a control system kept the laser pointed at the plane.
The Mitsubishi GTO is a front-engine, all-wheel drive 2+2 hatchback sports coupé and Grand Touring car manufactured and marketed by Mitsubishi for model years (MY) 1990-1999, across a single generation with one facelift.
Manufactured in Nagoya, Japan, the four passenger coupés were marketed in the Japanese domestic market (JDM) as the GTO and globally as Mitsubishi 3000GT.
The Dodge Stealth — a badge engineered, mechanically identical captive import — was sold for model years 1991-1996 along with the 1991-1999 Mitsubishi 3000GT in North America.
The GTO, 3000GT and Stealth were based on Mitsubishi's Sigma/Diamante and retained their transverse mounted 3-liter, 24-valve V6 engines and front-wheel-drive layout.
The GTO's engines were naturally aspirated or with twin-turbochargers and were also available with active aerodynamics (automatically adjusting front and rear spoilers), four-wheel-steering, full-time all-wheel-drive and adaptive suspension.
In most export markets, Mitsubishi called their product the 3000GT so as not to disrespect or cause confusion between the Mitsubishi and the Ferrari nor the Pontiac GTO.
Following the successful showing of the Mitsubishi HSR and Mitsubishi HSX concept cars at the 1989 Tokyo Motor Show, Mitsubishi unveiled the new GTO as a 2+2 seating sports coupe in order to compete with the Mazda Cosmo, Nissan 300ZX, Subaru SVX, and the Toyota Supra.
They resurrected the GTO name, and the car went on to serve as Mitsubishi's flagship for the remainder of the decade.
Despite the cachet of the badge at home, it was marketed as the Mitsubishi 3000GT and as the Dodge Stealth outside Japan; the company was concerned that connoisseurs would object to the evocative nameplate from the highly regarded Ferrari 250 GTO and Pontiac GTO being used on a Japanese vehicle.
A Dodge Stealth was scheduled as a 1991 Indianapolis 500 pace car, until the United Auto Workers (UAW) rejected it because of its Japanese rather than US-manufacture.
First generation Mitsubishi models were internally designated Z16A and incorporated full-time four-wheel drive, four-wheel steering, active aerodynamics with automatically adjusting front and rear spoilers, sport/tour exhaust modes and electronically controlled suspension (ECS).
The GTO, 3000GT and Stealth featured pop-up headlights and articulated blister caps on the hood to accommodate the ECS controllers at the top of the strut turrets.
The Dodge Stealth featured a signature cross-hair front bumper fascia and crescent-shaped rear spoiler — and did not include active aerodynamics.
In the U.S., both the 1990 to 1993 Dodge Stealth R/T Turbo and Mitsubishi 3000GT VR-4 received the transversely mounted 24V V6 paired with a long ratio 5-speed manual.
Magazines from the era praised its brutal acceleration and AWD grip but disliked its Active Aero and other 'special' gadgets, saying they were useless and added weight to an already heavy platform.
By 1993 all electronic gadgets were still standard on the '93 VR-4, with magazines getting 0-60 times ranging from sub 5 seconds to 6.3 and quarter mile times of 13.6-13.9 at 95-98 mph Only US 3000GT models could be configured with front (FWD) rather than all-wheel drive (AWD).
The GTO SR hd similar power to the US spec 3000GT SL and was offered with the same five-speed manual or four-speed automatic.
Japanese buyers did not receive the SOHC V6 standard on the base model US only Dodge Stealth and US spec 3000GT.
Instead of the TD04-09B used on Japanese and US Twin Turbo models, the EU-spec model received the higher capacity TD04-13G turbochargers.
While power output is no higher, these have lower discharge temperatures to better handle the prolonged high speeds possible on the German Autobahn, along with an upgraded transmission.
The engine was rated at ; the modifications took time and European market models only went on sale in the autumn of 1992.
All were painted Lamborghini yellow and were equipped with a Remus sports exhaust, OZ Futura rims, a numbered plate signed by Beckenbauer, and a C-net mobile phone system.
Second generation models were internally designated Z15A (2WS) and Z16A (4WS) and featured a revised front bumper to accommodate projector beam headlights and small, round projector fog lights.
They were presented in August 1993 in Japan and gradually made their way to other markets as the first generation cars sold out.
Japanese models received an increase in torque, but limited to 280 PS manufacturers' figures the claimed peak power did not change.
The VR-4 now included a six-speed Getrag manual transmission with revised, more aggressive gear ratios, especially in lower gears like 3rd which went until approximately 107 mph (vs the first generation 3000GT VR-4's third gear which went until 120 mph).
With subsequent price increases, features were discontinued: the tunable exhaust was phased out after model year 1994, the ECS after model year 1995, and the active aerodynamics disappeared after 1996.
This was also when Chrysler ceased sales of the Dodge Stealth captive import, and for the remainder of its life only Mitsubishi-badged versions were available.
Chrysler and Mitsubishi worked with ASC to engineer and convert 3000GTs into retractable hardtops, marketed as the Spyder VR4 for MY 1995-1996.
In 1995 Mitsubishi's 3000GT Spyder was available in four color combinations: red with grey leather interior, black with ivory leather interior, white pearl with grey, and martinique yellow with ivory leather interior.
In 1996 the 3000GT Spyder was available in red with tan interior, black pearl with tan leather, white pearl with tan leather interior, and green pearl with tan leather.
The ‘Mitsubishi Racing’ or MR moniker, has been used in most performance Mitsubishis such as the Lancer Evolution, and usually meant a stripped or lighter model.
The GTO MR was essentially a lightweight GTO Twin Turbo that deleted 4WS, ABS, ECS and Active Aero, but was mechanically identical to the normal GTO Twin Turbo.
Best Motoring, a Japanese television program about Japanese cars, debuted the 1994 GTO MR in an hour long program where it beat the lighter R32 Skyline GT-R over a mile in acceleration.
As the years went on, the Tuneable Exhaust System was phased out in 1995 and the Active Aero was phased out in 1996, allowing for less weight, which made the vehicle much quicker on its feet.
The new 6-speed, while notchy, was geared well and the extra horsepower and torque allowed it to out-accelerate most of its rivals from a standing start to top speed or from a rolling start.
Road tests at the time showed the second generation 3000GT VR-4 to be capable of in 4.8 - 5.4 seconds and the quarter mile in 13.5 seconds at , making it faster in a straight line than the Nissan 300ZX Twin Turbo and Mazda RX-7 Twin Turbo.
The SOHC engine, previously only available in the base model Stealth, was added to the Mitsubishi range after the Dodge version was discontinued.
Slower sales in the American sports car market led to a planned facelift for 1997 being abandoned in favor of minor cosmetic adjustments, including a new front bumper and rainbow shaped arched type wing.
With sales slowing to a trickle and new side impact regulations looming, production for the Japanese domestic market finally ceased in 2000.
Rare groove is primarily associated with funk, jazz funk and rock music, but is also connected to subgenres including jazz rock, reggae, Latin jazz, soul, R&B, northern soul, and disco.
Rare groove records have been sought by not only collectors and lovers of this type of music, but also by hip-hop artists and producers.
While Norman Jay was actually a witness to, and participant in, the 1970s underground sub-culture of American obscure import music; the person who actually gave rise to the genre (some even credit him with the revival of James Brown's career), although there was no name for it at the time, was underground DJ Barrie Sharpe and Lascelles Gordon (previously with The Brand New Heavies).
The magazine also had their own record label (also called Contempo), releasing music from the 1970s which, starting in 1984, played at a club previously known as Whisky-A-Go-Go, founded by Rene Gelston in Wardour Street, Soho (which would later become known as The Wag).
Norman Jay's show was a collaboration with DJ Judge Jules and featured a mainly urban soundtrack from the 1970s and 1980s mixed with early house music.
The rare groove scene began when DJs presented an eclectic mix of music, that placed a particular emphasis on politically articulate dance-funk recordings, connected to the Black Power movement.
Sampling is one of the biggest aspects of hip hop and rap, and these types of records provide breaks for artists to use in their songs.
After the collapse of Jazz and funk-influenced disco, many musicians who had made a name for themselves under the genre of disco's mainstream success had the spotlight taken away from them (it effectively ruined and ended their careers).
Northern Soul is a part of the rare groove scene since the term was first given by Dave Godin from the record shop Soul City in Covent Garden, London.
The scene has many record collectors and DJs who pay large sums of money for rare songs from the 1960s/1970s/1980s/1990s that are original copies.
Timothy Lauro Squire Sprigge (14 January 1932 – 11 July 2007), usually cited as T. L. S. Sprigge, was a British idealist philosopher who spent the latter portion of his career at the University of Edinburgh, where he was Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, and latterly an Emeritus Fellow.
He studied English at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (1952–1955), then switched to philosophy, completing his PhD under A. J. Ayer.
He taught philosophy at University College, London and Sussex University before becoming Regius Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh.
Throughout his career he argued that physicalism or materialism is not only false, but has contributed to a distortion of our moral sense.
The failure to respect the rights of human beings and non-human animals is therefore largely a metaphysical error of failing to grasp the true reality of the first person, subjective perspective of consciousness, or sentience.
The practice of vivisection, which gained wide acceptance with Descartes's view of animals as machines, would be an example of this failure.
He also defended a version of determinism in which all moments of time are intrinsically present and only relatively past or future.
The Timothy Sprigge Room at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at the University of Edinburgh contains Sprigge's library.
The 6-foot-tall, 190-pound Hejduk was drafted 87th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the fourth round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft, after a year with HC Pardubice in the Czech Extraliga, after winning Czech Rookie of the Year with 11 goals in 32 games.
He stayed with Pardubice until 1998, scoring 14, 13, 27 and 26 goals in his next four seasons respectively before transferring to the NHL after the 1997–98 season.
Hejduk scored a goal against the Calgary Flames in a 3–0 win for the Avalanche on March 12, 2006, tying him with Peter Forsberg in sixth place on the all-time Avalanche franchise goalscoring list with 216 goals.
In the 2008–09 season, Hejduk scored his 300th career NHL goal alongside Ryan Smyth on January 18, 2009, against the Calgary Flames in a 6–2 victory at the Pepsi Center.
He dressed for all 82 games that year for the Avalanche and ended what was, at that point, their most unsuccessful season in history tied with Smyth as the Avs' top scorer with 59 points.
Prior to the 2009–10 season, on September 24, 2009, Hejduk signed a new one-year contract with Colorado effective for the 2010–11 season.
Alongside long-time teammate and team captain Adam Foote, Hejduk provided veteran leadership to a re-invigorated, youth-laden Avalanche side to start the year.
After initially persisting with a knee and back injuries through the first half of the season, on January 19, 2010, Milan opted to undergo arthroscopic knee surgery and forgo participating in the 2010 Winter Olympics with the Czech Republic to recoup.
After over one month on the sidelines, Hejduk scored two goals against the St. Louis Blues to mark his return on March 7.
In helping Colorado return to the Stanley Cup playoffs, he completed the year to place third on the team with 23 goals despite playing in a career-low 56 games.
He scored just one goal in the 2010 playoffs before he succumbed to a head injury after a collision with line-mate Paul Stastny in Game 3 of the Western Conference Quarterfinals series defeat against the San Jose Sharks.
On November 14, he was named the third captain in Avalanche history after a brief vacancy was left by Adam Foote's retirement.
Shortly after the 2011–12 season, after the Avs would miss the playoffs for the second time in two years, Hejduk expressed his consideration to retire from the NHL.
Despite these statements, on May 18, 2012, he signed a one-year contract with the Avalanche for the 2012–13 season worth $2 million.
He admitted to being happy to have given up his captaincy to a player who he thinks is going to be a franchise player for a long time.
In the lockout-shortened 2012–13 season, Hejduk became the last player drafted by the Quebec Nordiques still active in the NHL, after goaltender Tim Thomas opted for a year on hiatus.
On February 4, 2013, in a 3–2 defeat to the Dallas Stars, Hejduk scored a goal in his 1,000th career NHL game.
He became the first Avalanche player in history to appear in 1,000 games for the club and the 30th in NHL history to do so at a single franchise.
On his 37th birthday, Hejduk scored a goal and a shoot-out goal in a 4–3 victory over the Minnesota Wild on February 14, 2013.
The goal marked his 800th point in the NHL, becoming just the third Czech-born player in NHL history to reach the feat, behind only Jaromír Jágr and Patrik Eliáš.
With injury and bouts of healthy scratches, he contributed from the checking lines with a career-low 4 goals and 11 points in only 29 games played.
Despite harbouring ambition to continue playing, Hejduk was not offered a new contract by the Avalanche upon the expiry of his contract.
He finished his tenure ranked second in Quebec/Colorado franchise history in games played (1,020), fourth in goals (375) and points (805) and fifth in assists (430), while also the all-time franchise leader in overtime goals (9) and second in game-winning goals (59).
Reports surfaced on November 13, 2013, that Hejduk was ending his hockey career, which were confirmed after the 2014 Olympic break.
At the time of his retirement, he was the last player to leave the Avalanche that had played on their 2001 Stanley Cup-winning team.
On September 13, 2017, it was announced that the Avalanche would retire Hejduk's number 23 jersey during the 2017–18 season, and it was officially retired on January 6, 2018.
For the 2001 All-Star Game, he was chosen to replace an injured Jaromír Jágr in the starting line-up, one of the six Avalanche players selected as starters.
The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity.
Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps, tackling this 'human' problem in the 1960s, both received the Nobel Prize in economics for their work, and the development of the concept is cited as a main motivation behind the prize.
This level is consistent with aggregate production in the absence of various temporary frictions such as incomplete price adjustment in labor and goods markets.
If these institutional features involve permanent mismatches in the labor market or real wage rigidities, the natural rate of unemployment may feature involuntary unemployment.
The natural rate of unemployment is a combination of frictional and structural unemployment that persists in an efficient, expanding economy when labor and resource markets are in equilibrium.
Occurrence of disturbances (e.g., cyclical shifts in investment sentiments) will cause actual unemployment to continuously deviate from the natural rate, and be partly determined by aggregate demand factors as under a Keynesian view of output determination.
The policy implication is that the natural rate of unemployment cannot permanently be reduced by demand management policies (including monetary policy), but that such policies can play a role in stabilizing variations in actual unemployment.
Reductions in the natural rate of unemployment must, according to the concept, be achieved through structural policies directed towards an economy's supply side.
When he illustrated the idea of the Natural Rate he simply used the standard text-book labor market demand and supply model that was essentially the same as Don Patinkin's model of full employment.
In this there is a competitive labor market with both labor supply and demand depend on the real wage and the natural rate is simply the competitive equilibrium where demand equals supply.
Friedman argued that inflation was the same as wage rises, and built his argument upon a widely believed idea, that a stable negative relation between inflation and unemployment existed.
Friedman and Phelps opposed this idea on theoretical grounds, as they noted that if unemployment were to be permanently lower, some real variable in the economy, like the real wage, would have changed permanently.
According to Friedman and Phelps, the Phillips curve was therefore vertical in the long run, and expansive demand policies would only be a cause of inflation, not a cause of permanently lower unemployment.
For Friedman, the notion that there was a unique Natural rate was equivalent to his assertion that there is only one level of unemployment at which inflation can be fully anticipated (when actual and expected inflation are the same).
Edmund Phelps focused more in detail on the labor market structures and frictions that would cause aggregate demand changes to feed into inflation, and for sluggish expectations, into the determination of the unemployment rate.
Also, his theories gave insights into the causes of a too high natural rate of unemployment (i.e., why unemployment could be structural or classical).
Importantly, Milton Friedman himself never wrote down an explicit model of the natural rate (in his Nobel Lecture, he just uses the simple labor supply and demand model).
John Wimber (February 25, 1934 – November 17, 1997) was a musician, former Quaker, an early, pioneering pastor of charismatic congregations, and a popular author and thought leader in modern Christian publications on the third person of the Christian Trinity, the Holy Spirit, and the Holy Spirit's perceived action in modern churches through miraculous phenomena referred to as signs and wonders.
Wimber was a founding leader of the first Vineyard church, a Christian movement that began in the United States and has become, as of 2017, a wider denomination.
He grew up outside of a religious- or faith-based belief system until he became a Christian at the age of 29.
Wimber was recognised as a talented musician, and he first played as a professional at the age of 15 at the Dixie Castle in Orange, California.
He was a pianist and singer in The Paramours group, later known as The Righteous Brothers, from 1962-1963, as well as a manager for The Righteous Brothers during this same timeframe.
He was the Founding Director of the Department of Church Growth at the Charles E. Fuller Institute of Evangelism and Church Growth from 1974-1978, which was founded by the Fuller Theological Seminary and the Fuller Evangelistic Association.
After initially joining Calvary Chapel, the church had some differences with the Calvary Chapel leadership, relating mainly to the practice of spiritual gifts, Wimber's rejection of traditional Dispensationalism, and his embrace of Kingdom theology.
As a result, the differences over spiritual gifts, Wimber and his followers left Calvary Chapel, and joined a small group of churches started by Kenn Gulliksen, known as Vineyard Christian Fellowships, which became an international Vineyard Movement.
Wimber taught and preached about spiritual gifts and healings, which allegedly began to occur in May 1980 when evangelist Lonnie Frisbee ministered.
Both during his lifetime and since his death the Vineyard Movement has established thousands of churches across the USA and internationally.
However, while popularly considered to be a charismatic teacher, Wimber himself (along with the leaders of the Vineyard Movement) repeatedly rejected the charismatic label as applying to their teachings.
Whereas the previous groups had emphasized the gift of tongues as the only evidence for the baptism of the Holy Spirit, Wimber and those he influenced emphasized that this was just one of the many spiritual gifts available to believers, as taught in the Bible.
Services led by Wimber often included activities, described as Holy Spirit manifestations, where congregants appeared to be drunk, dazed, or uncoordinated.
But in the mid-1990s he led the Vineyard movement to split from the Toronto Blessing church primarily on the issue of bizarre manifestations and the church's extreme latitude for them.
The pursuit of authenticity was at the core of Wimber's idea of church, and this was reflected in the worship as well.
Wimber tentatively held to a modified evangelical view on baptism of the Holy Spirit that says it happens at conversion but that there is an experiential aspect (e.g.
This view believes the Bible to teach that a husband is called to lovingly lead, protect and provide for his wife and family, and that the wife should joyfully and intelligently affirm and submit to her husband's leadership.
Complementarians also believe the Bible to teach that men are to bear primary responsibility to lead the church and that therefore only men should be elders.
Another characteristic is in the area of teaching, which emphasized preaching extensively from the gospels and using Jesus as the model for Christian believers.
While this is not a new concept, Wimber was a key figure in the introduction of the concept that praying for the sick (or anything else) shouldn't be saved for special healing services, but should take place at every Church service, and out on the streets (by every believer).
Wimber's teaching has had a significant influence on other Charismatic leaders, such as Mike Bickle, Terry Virgo, Randy Clark, John Arnott, Bill Johnson, John Paul Jackson, Sandy Millar, David Pytches and Sam Storms.
Critics also argue that Wimber's emphasis on dramatic proofs of spiritual power show a lack of reliance on the Bible, and instead rely on practices derived from New Age philosophy and humanistic psychology.
The next month his cardiologist confirmed he had a damaged heart and told him that his weight and schedule put him at risk of imminent death.
His mental faculties were declining and later that same year Wimber fell in his home and hit his head; this caused a massive brain hemorrhage from which he died on November 17, 1997.
On the one hand, we know that God is sovereign and that he sent Jesus to commission us to pray for and heal the sick.
This can be downright discouraging, as I learned years ago in my own congregation when I began to teach on healing.
Barnaby played in the NHL for the Buffalo Sabres, Pittsburgh Penguins, Tampa Bay Lightning, New York Rangers, Colorado Avalanche, Chicago Blackhawks and the Dallas Stars.
Barnaby was drafted from the QMJHL where he spent four seasons with the Beauport Harfangs, Verdun Collège Français and Victoriaville Tigres, leading the league in penalty minutes in consecutive seasons in '92 and '93.
Barnaby was generally considered a pest and agitator and spent the next few seasons playing between the Sabres and AHL affiliate the Rochester Americans.
He was frequently involved in on-ice altercations and among other incidents he made headlines in 1996, when in a game against the Philadelphia Flyers after a few hits and Barnaby lying on the ice presumably injured, a brawl between the two teams started.
With the brawl in full motion, Barnaby jumped to his skates to punish Garth Snow, goaltender of the Flyers, who was poking Barnaby with his stick while the officials weren't looking.
After seven seasons with the Sabres organization during the 1998–99 season, Barnaby was traded by the Sabres to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Stu Barnes on March 11, 1999.
One of his most celebrated fights came the following season in 2000 against his former Sabre teammate Rob Ray after dining with Ray the previous night.
Barnaby played in 129 games with the Penguins before he was traded on February 1, 2001, by Pittsburgh to the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for Wayne Primeau.
After struggling to provide an impact to start the 2001–02 season for the Lightning, Barnaby was again traded to the New York Rangers for Zdeno Ciger on December 12, 2001.
After going scoreless with the Tampa Bay in 29 games Barnaby responded with resurgence of form with the Rangers, scoring 21 points in only 48 games.
Matthew became a fan favourite in the Big Apple and played in 196 games before he was traded to the playoff bound Colorado Avalanche in the 2003–04 season, for David Liffiton and Chris McAllister on March 8, 2004.
He played only 39 games with the Stars before suffering a season ending concussion against the Phoenix Coyotes on January 9, 2007.
In September 2007, it was announced via the Sabres website that Barnaby would be given a tryout for replacing Jim Lorentz as color commentator for the Sabres.
Barnaby was forced to depart Time Warner Cable SportsNet after joining ESPN as its lead NHL analyst in October 2008, when Barry Melrose returned to the league to coach the Tampa Bay Lightning.
On December 5, 2011, ESPN terminated its contract with Barnaby after his arrest on suspicion of DWI earlier in the day.
He is mostly of Anglo-Canadian origins, but speaks fluent French, having moved to the province of Quebec with his family, at a young age.
He has personally been involved in endless events and has helped raise millions of dollars for a disease that touches close to his heart.
The pressure-sensitive element, a partially evacuated metal cylinder, is linked to a pen arm in such a way that the vertical displacement of the pen is proportional to the changes in the atmospheric pressure.
Alexander Cumming, a watchmaker and mechanic, has a claim to having made the first effective recording barograph in the 1760s using an aneroid cell.
In such barographs one or more aneroid cells act through a gear or lever train to drive a recording arm that has at its extreme end either a scribe or a pen.
Commonly, the drum makes one revolution per day, per week, or per month and the rotation rate can often be selected by the user.
Karl Kreil described a machine in 1843 based on a syphon barometer, where a pencil marked a chart at uniform intervals.
Ronalds’ barograph was utilised by the UK Meteorological Office for many years to assist in weather forecasting and the machines were supplied to numerous observatories around the world.
Today, traditional recording barographs for meteorological use have commonly been superseded (though not all) by electronic weather instruments that use computer methods to record the barometric pressure.
These are not only less expensive than earlier barographs but they may also offer both greater recording length and the ability to perform further data analysis on the captured data including automated use of the data to forecast the weather.
Older mechanical barographs are highly prized by collectors as they make good display items, often being made of high quality woods and brass.
The late Victorian to early 20th century is generally considered to be the heyday of Barograph manufacture, many important refinements were made at this time, including improved temperature compensation and modification of the pen arm, to allow less weight to be applied to the paper, allowing better registration of small pressure changes (i.e.
Marine barographs (used on ships) often include damping, this evens out the motion of the ship so that a more stable reading can be obtained, this can be either oil damping of the mechanism or simple coiled spring feet on the base.
As atmospheric pressure responds in a predictable manner to changes in altitude, barographs may be used to record elevation changes during an aircraft flight.
A continuously varying trace indicated that the sailplane had not landed during a task, while measurements from a calibrated trace could be used to establish the completion of altitude tasks or the setting of records.
Examples of FAI approved sailplane barographs included the Replogle mechanical drum barograph and the EW electronic barograph (which may be used in conjunction with GPS).
The observer should pick the 6 because it represents the last part of the trace and is thus most representative of the pressure change.
As the pressure increases, the aneroid is pushed down causing the arm to move up and leave a trace on the paper.
At this point the clockwork motor is wound and if necessary corrections can be made to increase or decrease the speed and new chart is attached.
Test for Echo is the sixteenth studio album by Canadian rock band Rush, released on September 10, 1996 on Anthem Records.
It marks the final Rush work prior to the tragic events in Neil Peart's life that put the band on hiatus for several years, as well as the final Rush album to be co-produced by Peter Collins.
The group then took a usual break in activity, but this went on to last eighteen months as bassist and vocalist Geddy Lee wanted to be at home for the first year of his daughter's life.
In October 1995, the band decided to start work on the next Rush album and, like with their previous three albums, retreated to Chalet Studios in Claremont, Ontario to write and rehearse.
Lee and Lifeson completed almost six songs before they presented any of their work to Peart as they did not want to interrupt the flow of their productive writing.
They had reserved the studio for around ten weeks, but the productive sessions resulted in the writing finishing three weeks early.
Lifeson said the group were in particularly good spirits throughout the album's production and put it down to the break they had taken.
Rush adopted their usual method of Lee and Lifeson working on the music with Peart working alone on the lyrics, but the music was written in a different way than before.
In the past, the writing had Lee and Lifeson form songs by matching pieces of music to verses and choruses as they went and all three would listen to what was put down and exchange ideas to develop them further.
This time, lyrics were matched with suitable sections of music, after which they were recorded and Lee and Lifeson would work on something else.
In November 1995, the group were faced with heavy snow at Chalet Studios which led into the North American blizzard of 1996 in early January.
Almost all of the tracks were written, arranged, and put onto a demo tape by December 1995, and the band were then joined by Peter Collins who they chose to resume his role as their co-producer.
They chose recording engineer Clif Norrell, a longtime fan of the band who once performed Rush cover songs in his own group.
The group made a conscious decision not to enter the studio until Wallace had prepared a mix for them to comment on.
They wanted to dramatise the first lyrical phrase by incorporating major chords, but Lee said a first version of the track was put together some years prior, but never used.
Created by the Inuit, an inuksuk is a stone figure in the shape of a human used to mark a food cache, hunting ground or a place where someone lost their life.
Under his reign, Bhutan continued to maintain almost complete isolation from the outside world, maintaining only limited relations with the British Raj in India.
Down to Earth is a 2001 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Chris and Paul Weitz and written by Chris Rock, Lance Crouther, Ali LeRoi and Louis C.K.
Lance Barton (Chris Rock) is a struggling comedian who is quite funny and confident in his personality, but is unable to bring his talent across in front of an audience.
After being booed off stage one night he hears about an opportunity from his manager, Whitney Daniels (Frankie Faison), at the Apollo Theater, which is having a goodbye show due to its imminent closing.
He is hoping to get a chance to prove himself in front of a real audience, when on his way home riding a bike Lance is distracted by Sontee Jenkins (Regina King).
Because of this, Lance is brought up to Heaven where he meets the angels, King (Chazz Palminteri) and Keyes (Eugene Levy) who reveal that Lance has died before his time, and can help Lance return to Earth.
After sorting through many, they find Charles Wellington III, (Brian Rhodes) an extremely rich businessman freshly drowned in his tub by his wife (Jennifer Coolidge) and assistant, Winston Sklar (Greg Germann).
Lance wants nothing to do with the body until he discovers that Sontee, the woman he saw when he was Lance, is protesting Charles by handcuffing herself to a coffee table in his penthouse, demanding Charles' presence.
Despite recent events he continues to follow his comedy dreams through Charles, contacting his old manager Whitney and convincing him that he is Lance reincarnated.
All too soon, Charles' wife and Sklar's plans to murder him succeed as he is shot and killed by a hired assassin.
Fulfilling the deal Lance and King set up earlier, King and Keyes then send Lance to return yet again to Earth as Joe Guy, a great comedian and more acceptable candidate who will die in a car accident.
As a result, he reconnects with Whitney again and proceeds in getting Sontee to fall in love with him all over again, after meeting her in the theater for the first time as Joe Guy.
The film grossed $64.2 million in the United States, plus $7 million outside the US, for a combined gross of $71.2 million.
In olden times, the term was also applied to descendants of the khans (tsars) of Kazan, Kasimov, and Siberia after these khanates had been conquered by Russia.
The descendants of the deposed royal families of Georgia or the Batonishvili were given the titles of Tsarevich until 1833 when they were demoted to Knyaz after a failed coup to restore the Georgian monarchies.
Pherecydes of Leros should not be confused with Pherecydes of Syros, the mid-6th-century philosopher, who was sometimes mentioned as one of the Seven Sages of Greece and was reputed to have been the teacher of Pythagoras.
However, numerous fragments of his ten-book genealogies of the gods and heroes, which was written in the Ionian dialect to glorify the ancestors in the heroic age of his 5th-century patrons, have been preserved.
A laboratory information management system (LIMS), sometimes referred to as a laboratory information system (LIS) or laboratory management system (LMS), is a software-based solution with features that support a modern laboratory's operations.
The features and uses of a LIMS have evolved over the years from simple sample tracking to an enterprise resource planning tool that manages multiple aspects of laboratory informatics.
The definition of a LIMS is somewhat controversial: LIMSs are dynamic because the laboratory's requirements are rapidly evolving and different labs often have different needs.
Assay data management, data mining, data analysis, and electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) integration have been added to many LIMS, enabling the realization of translational medicine completely within a single software solution.
Up until the late 1970s, the management of laboratory samples and the associated analysis and reporting were time-consuming manual processes often riddled with transcription errors.
Custom in-house solutions were developed by a few individual laboratories, while some enterprising entities at the same time sought to develop a more commercial reporting solution in the form of special instrument-based systems.
In 1982 the first generation of LIMS was introduced in the form of a single centralized minicomputer, which offered laboratories the first opportunity to utilize automated reporting tools.
As the interest in these early LIMS grew, industry leaders like Gerst Gibbon of the Federal Energy Technology Center in Pittsburgh began planting the seeds through LIMS-related conferences.
By 1988 the second-generation commercial offerings were tapping into relational databases to expand LIMS into more application-specific territory, and International LIMS Conferences were in full swing.
From 1996 to 2002 additional functionality was included in LIMS, from wireless networking capabilities and georeferencing of samples, to the adoption of XML standards and the development of Internet purchasing.
Additions include clinical functionality, electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) functionality, as well a rise in the software as a service (SaaS) distribution model.
This typically is initiated when a sample is received in the laboratory, at which point the sample will be registered in the LIMS.
The processing could then include a step where the sample container is registered and sent to the customer for the sample to be taken and then returned to the lab.
Location tracking usually involves assigning the sample to a particular freezer location, often down to the granular level of shelf, rack, box, row, and column.
LIMS vendors cannot typically make assumptions about what these data tracking needs are, and therefore vendors must create LIMS that are adaptable to individual environments.
LIMS users may also have regulatory concerns to comply with such as CLIA, HIPAA, GLP, and FDA specifications, affecting certain aspects of sample management in a LIMS solution.
One key to compliance with many of these standards is audit logging of all changes to LIMS data, and in some cases a full electronic signature system is required for rigorous tracking of field-level changes to LIMS data.
The LIMS may then import instrument results files to extract data for quality control assessment of the operation on the sample.
Access to the instrument data can sometimes be regulated based on chain of custody assignments or other security features if need be.
Furthermore, in the case of drug and diagnostic development as many as 12 or more assays may be run for each sample.
In order to track this data, a LIMS solution needs to be adaptable to many different assay formats at both the data layer and import creation layer, while maintaining a high level of overall performance.
Some LIMS products address this by simply attaching assay data as BLOBs to samples, but this limits the utility of that data in data mining and downstream analysis.
The exponentially growing volume of data created in laboratories, coupled with increased business demands and focus on profitability, have pushed LIMS vendors to increase attention to how their LIMS handles electronic data exchanges.
Attention must be paid to how an instrument's input and output data is managed, how remote sample collection data is imported and exported, and how mobile technology integrates with the LIMS.
In addition to mobile and database electronic data exchange, many LIMS support real-time data exchange with Electronic Health Records used in core hospital or clinic operations.
Aside from the key functions of sample management, instrument and application integration, and electronic data exchange, there are numerous additional operations that can be managed in a LIMS.
A thick-client LIMS is a more traditional client/server architecture, with some of the system residing on the computer or workstation of the user (the client) and the rest on the server.
This was one of the first architectures implemented into a LIMS, having the advantage of providing higher processing speeds (because processing is done on the client and not the server).
The disadvantages of client-side LIMS include the need for more robust client computers and more time-consuming upgrades, as well as a lack of base functionality through a web browser.
This secrecy-of-design reliance is known as security through obscurity and ignores an adversary's ability to mimic client-server interaction through, for example, reverse engineering, network traffic interception, or simply purchasing a thick-client license.
The actual LIMS software resides on a server (host) which feeds and processes information without saving it to the user's hard disk.
Any necessary changes, upgrades, and other modifications are handled by the entity hosting the server-side LIMS software, meaning all end-users see all changes made.
However, this architecture has the disadvantage of requiring real-time server access, a need for increased network throughput, and slightly less functionality.
A sort of hybrid architecture that incorporates the features of thin-client browser usage with a thick client installation exists in the form of a web-based LIMS.
These solutions tend to be less configurable than on-premises solutions and are therefore considered for less demanding implementations such as laboratories with few users and limited sample processing volumes.
Pricing levels are typically based on a percentage of the license fee, with a standard level of service for 10 concurrent users being approximately 10 hours of support and additional customer service, at a roughly $200 per hour rate.
Though some may choose to opt out of an MSW after the first year, it's often more economical to continue the plan in order to receive updates to the LIMS, giving it a longer life span in the laboratory.
In this setup, the client-side software has additional functionality that allows users to interface with the software through their device's browser.
The primary advantage of a web-enabled LIMS is the end-user can access data both on the client side and the server side of the configuration.
However, the added disadvantages of requiring always-on access to the host server and the need for cross-platform functionality mean that additional overhead costs may arise.
While much of the client-side work is done through a web browser, the LIMS may also require the support of desktop software installed on the client device.
The end result is a process that is apparent to the end-user through a web browser, but perhaps not so apparent as it runs thick-client-like processing in the background.
This enables the user to install and run a Windows-based smart client application by clicking a link in a web page.
ClickOnce applications can be self-updating; they can check for newer versions as they become available and automatically replace any updated files.
This is due in part to the diversity of requirements within each lab, but also to the inflexible nature of most LIMS products for adapting to these widely varying requirements.
Newer LIMS solutions are beginning to emerge that take advantage of modern techniques in software design that are inherently more configurable and adaptable — particularly at the data layer — than prior solutions.
This means not only that implementations are much faster, but also that the costs are lower and the risk of obsolescence is minimized.
A LIMS traditionally has been designed to process and report data related to batches of samples from biology labs, water treatment facilities, drug trials, and other entities that handle complex batches of data.
A LIMS may need to satisfy good manufacturing practice (GMP) and meet the reporting and audit needs of the regulatory bodies and research scientists in many different industries.
An LIS is regulated as a medical device by the FDA, and the companies that produce the software are therefore liable for defects.
The Reform movement, sometimes referred to as the Reform Party, began in the 1830s as the movement in the English speaking parts of British North America (Canada).
The movement dissolved after responsible government was granted to the Province of Canada in 1848, with members forming the Parti bleu and Parti rouge in Canada East and the Liberal Party in Canada West, among other smaller parties.
The uprising led to the 1839 Durham Report, which recommended responsible government and the union of Upper and Lower Canada as a means of assimilating Francophones.
They eventually succeeded in obtaining a democratically-accountable executive and the first administration under the principle of responsible government came to power in 1848.
By the 1850s, the Reform movement had dissipated: moderate reformers had joined with Tories in 1854 to form a Liberal-Conservative coalition government under the leadership of John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier.
In 1857, under the leadership of George Brown, the Clear Grits and left wing Reformers formed the Liberal Party in Canada West.
This party would later join with the Parti rouge and Maritime Liberal parties to form the Liberal Party of Canada after Confederation.
Panth Rattan Shiri Gurcharan Singh Tohra (24 September 1924 – 1 April 2004) was a president of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), a Sikh body in charge of controlling Gurdwara (Sikh places of worship).
He remained the head of the SGPC for a record 27 years, and was one of the most influential and controversial Sikh leaders of the 20th century.
It included Pope of the Sikhs, Pearl of the Panth, Kingmaker, Pope, Messiah, Reformist, Conformist, Forever-Dissenter, Wily Fox, Wily Politician, and Machiavelli.
Born at Tohra village of Patiala district in Punjab in September 1924, he had an early interest in religion and was an active Akali worker even before the partition of India.
Tohra, a graduate in Punjabi from Lahore University, worked at the grass root level for the next two decades and came into contact with Communists, including CPI-M leader Harkishan Singh Surjeet though he did not become one himself.
Known as a hardliner, Tohra had carved out for himself the image of a non-conformist with the powers-that-be in Akali politics and had taken frontline SAD leaders Surjit Singh Barnala and Parkash Singh Badal who had headed Akali Dal governments in Punjab in the eighties and nineties.
Tohra was a member of Lok Sabha in 1977–79 though earlier he was elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha five times from Punjab from 1969 to 1976 and re-elected in May 1980, April 1982, in April 1998 and in March 2004.
An agriculturalist, Tohra was first jailed in 1945 during the Riyasti Praja Mandal Movement in Nabha, in 1950 for formation of popular government in PEPSU.
In 1955 and 1960 Tohra was put behind bars in connection with Punjabi Suba agitations, in 1973 in connection with Kisan agitation in Haryana, in 1975, under MISA and under NSA and TADA and religious matters, including Dharam Yudh Morcha and Operation Blue Star (1984).
Tohra became the acting president of SGPC, which manages key Sikh shrines, in 1972 after the death of Sant Chanan Singh and was formally elected its president for the first time in November that year.
Tohra continued to head the SGPC, considered the mini-parliament of the Sikh community, for a record 27 years before he was unceremoniously removed from the key post following a split in SAD in the wake of his revolt against Badal's leadership.
Tohra was arrested during the Emergency and was very popular in Punjab until Jarnail Singh Bhindranwala emerged on the scene and militancy took over Sikh politics.
During Operation Blue Star, the Indian army action in 1984 to clear up the Golden temple complex from militants, Tohra was the President of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
That began a period of crisis for Tohra as he seemed to favour Bhindranwala's ideas which did not sit well with the opposition.
After Operation Blue Star in 1984, Tohra became an embittered man and did not endorse the Punjab accord put forward by the Rajiv Gandhi government to the Akalis for sharing political power with Harchand Singh Longowal.
He took another controversial step some time later by having Sikhs demolish the Akal Takht which was rebuilt after Operation Blue Star by pro-government religious leaders.
This turned him into the 'bete noire' not only of the Centre but also of the then Akali government in Punjab headed by Surjit Singh Barnala which had opposed the move.
Throughout this bleak period, Tohra was supported by Badal but in 1999, the two leaders, considered the best of friends, fell out after the SGPC chief pressed for Badal's removal as SAD chief.
The origin of Tohra-Badal feud could be traced to the former's casual remarks, made in November 1998, suggesting one-man-one-post for Akali Dal leaders.
According to historian Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, the personal opponents of Tohra availed this opportunity and provoked Badal to expel the latter from the SGPC and the Akali Dal.
At this, Badal had Tohra removed as SGPC chief on 16 March 1999, a few days before the commencement of tercentenary celebrations of the birth of the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib.
Tohra was then expelled from SAD forcing him to form a new party Sarv Hind Shiromani Akali Dal with five members of Badal's cabinet, including Manjit Singh Calcutta, Mahesh Inder Singh Grewal, Harmail Singh , Inderjit Singh Zira and Surjit Singh Koli, who all resigned in protest against the expulsion.
Badal consolidated his grip on Akal Takht, the highest temporal seat of Sikhism, by removing Bhai Ranjit Singh as its top Jathedar in February 1999 and installing his hand-picked Giani Puran Singh.
Adversity brought Tohra and Badal together again after SAD was routed in the February 2002 assembly elections in Punjab and Tohra's SSHAD failed to win even a single seat.
Badal was at the receiving end of Amarinder Singh-headed Congress government's anti-corruption campaign as vigilance personnel searched his premises as well as those of his MP son Sukhbir Singh Badal in Punjab and outside.
After this, considering the panthik interests more important the then prominent Sikh leader and scholar Prof. Kirpal Singh Badungar left his seat of SGPC president for Tohra.
On 13 June 2003, Badal and Tohra finally buried the hatchet after the latter welcomed the former's appearance before the Akal Takht and expressed satisfaction over the mild religious punishment ordered by the Sikh clergy to the former chief minister.
After splitting with the Shiromani Akali Dal led by Parkash Singh Badal, Tohra floated his own party called the All India Shiromani Akali Dal (also called the Sarv Hind Shiromani Akali Dal).
Five ministers of the ruling government Science and Technology Minister Mahesh Inder Singh Grewal, Higher Education Minister Manjit Singh Calcutta, Public Works Minister Harmel Singh and Ministers of State Inderjit Singh Zira and Surjit Singh Kohli quit the ruling government and joined Tohra.
Gurcharan Singh Tohra was married to Joginder Kaur who died at the age of 83 on 26 January 2011 nephew upkar Singh tohra.
Although the Bharatiya Janata Party was upset at Tohra's remarks comparing the then Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee with the Indira Gandhi, Vajpayee paid his tributes to Tohra on his death.
J. Martin Hattersley (born November 10, 1932) is an Edmonton lawyer and a long-time activist in the Canadian social credit movement.
Born in Swinton, near Rotherham, Yorkshire, England, Hattersley earned degrees in economics and law from Cambridge University before moving to Alberta in 1956 where he worked as a lawyer.
From 1962 to 1964, he was director of research of the Social Credit Association of Canada, and personal secretary and speechwriter to Social Credit Party of Canada leader Robert N. Thompson, MP.
Hattersley served as national president of the party in the mid-1970s and ran for the party's leadership following the death of Réal Caouette in 1976, placing third.
He ran again in 1978 when he was defeated by Lorne Reznowski at the party's national leadership convention by a margin of 356 votes to 115.
Hattersley had campaigned on a platform of broadening the party's base and appealing to a wider spectrum of voters but was unable to overcome Reznowski's more doctrinaire approach advocating social credit monetary theory.
After the party's remaining five Members of Parliament were defeated in the 1980 general election, he became leader of the party from 1981 to 1983.
He was also interim leader of the Social Credit Party of Alberta from 1985 to 1988, in the wake of the party's loss of its only remaining seats in the Alberta legislature and has been president emeritus since then.
As leader he led an attempt to merge several Alberta parties into the Alberta Political Alliance, which proved to be a short-lived coalition of Social Credit, the Western Canada Concept and the Heritage Party, in 1986 but neither the Alliance nor Social Credit were prepared to run candidates in the 1986 Alberta election.
In August 1988, the body of Hattersley's 29-year-old daughter, Cathy Greeve, was found in the bathroom at an Edmonton Transit station.
Since his daughter's murder, Hattersley has been involved in an Edmonton victim's support group and has spoken in prisons on alternatives to violence.
Over the course of his life he served as a Lay Reader and choir director at a number of Anglican churches in Edmonton and Ottawa, and in 1974, was ordained as a `priest in secular employment'.
Nicholas James Christopher Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater (born 9 January 1942), succeeded his great-grandfather in the Viscountcy of Ullswater in 1949, sitting in the House of Lords as a Conservative.
Lord Ullswater was made a Lord-in-waiting (whip) in January 1989 by Margaret Thatcher before becoming Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in July 1990.
He was retained by John Major in that role until 1993, when he became Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms (Government Chief Whip in the House of Lords).
He remained in this role for a year when he became Minister of State for the Environment in 1994 (as well as a Privy Counsellor) in 1994, but he left the Government in a 1995 reshuffle.
In 1998, he became the Private Secretary to Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and continued in this office until her death in 2002.
He was appointed Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order in the special Honours List issued by the Queen after Princess Margaret's demise.
As a member of a Royal Household he could not take part in partisan politics and did not seek to remain in the House of Lords when the House of Lords Act 1999 was passed.
But after the death of the Viscount of Oxfuird in January 2003, he won the all-house by-election, enabling him to return to the House of Lords.
On 22 May 2006, Lord Ullswater was nominated for the newly created post of Lord Speaker, and in the election held on 28 June 2006 emerged in third place out of nine candidates.
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, commonly known as the Hewlett Foundation, is a private foundation, established by Hewlett-Packard cofounder William Redington Hewlett and his wife Flora Lamson Hewlett in 1966.
In 2007, the Hewlett Foundation made a $113 million donation to the University of California at Berkeley to create 100 new endowed professorships and provide financial help for graduate students.
Hewlett's Environment Program makes grants to support conservation in the North American West, reduce global warming and conventional pollution resulting from the use of fossil fuels, and promote environmental protection efforts in California.
The Hewlett Foundation make grants in developing countries and in the United States to provide and advocate for family planning and reproductive health services.
The following table lists the top sectors to which the Hewlett Foundation has committed funding within its Global Development and Population Program.
Data are taken from the International Aid Transparency Initiative activities publication, and is expected to cover 21% of the foundation's overall grantmaking; this does not include international grantmaking in Environment, Education, and other program areas, although those total a significant proportion of grants.
Wangchuck was educated in a British manner in Kalimpong and went on study tours and stay to many foreign countries such as Scotland and Switzerland from where he drew inspiration to develop Bhutan with suitable adaptations.
Wangchuck brought modern techniques and methods to preserve and promote the culture of Bhutan, yet at the same time, he introduced Western science and technology.
As soon as he became the King, labourers who worked on the royal lands were made into tenants and sharecroppers instead of indentured labourers.
Later, similar indentured labourers were set free in other areas of the country, especially in some parts of Eastern Bhutan, where they were concentrated.
In 1953, Wangchuck, realising that hitherto the decision of the King and that of the high officials were binding on the country, wanted them to be shared.
For the first time elders from different gewogs were invited to voice their concerns, ideas and solutions for the future of this country.
At the same time, it was a forum for Wangchuck to share his larger vision for Bhutan in the years to come.
After the National Assembly was established in 1953, the king drafted and devised a series of progressive laws for the Kingdom.
The King brought out a holistic set of laws covering fundamental aspects of Bhutanese life such as land, livestock, marriage, inheritance, property and so forth.
The laws are very organic, coherently interrelated within themselves and to the evolving reality and manifested his vision of a law-based society.
Wangchuck decided to open the judiciary, first with the appointment of Thrimpons (judges) in districts, and then finally to the High Court, which was set up in 1968.
The king paid considerable policy attention on preserving Bhutanese culture so that Bhutan could always perpetuate itself as a culturally distinct nation, in particular with a flourishing Buddhist culture.
He established Simtokha Rigzhung Lobdra (now known as the Institute of Language and Cultural Studies) in 1967, where a new breed of traditional scholars could be nurtured.
To propagate culture and traditions in schools, and to study scientific disciplines as well as humanities, the Third King established modern education on a wide spread basis.
He established what were then the centres of education excellence with two public schools: Yangchenphug, in western Bhutan in 1969, and the other, Kanglung, in eastern Bhutan in 1968.
Although road construction started in 1959, a large scale undertaking became systematic two years later in 1961, with the commencement of the 1st Five Year Plan (FYP) that envisaged construction of 177 km of road, 108 schools, three hospitals, and 45 clinics.
His very last visit to central Bhutan was partly to open the Zhunglam, the highway between Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa, in 1971.
One key event his era was enabling Bhutan to join the United Nations in 1971, when it became its 125th member.
Frances Jane van Alstyne (née Crosby; March 24, 1820 – February 12, 1915), more commonly known as Fanny Crosby, was an American mission worker, poet, lyricist, and composer.
She was one of the most prolific hymnists in history, writing more than 8,000 hymns and gospel songs, with more than 100 million copies printed, despite being blind from shortly after birth.
Some publishers were hesitant to have so many hymns by one person in their hymnals, so Crosby used nearly 200 different pseudonyms during her career.
Crosby also wrote more than 1,000 secular poems and had four books of poetry published, as well as two best-selling autobiographies.
She was the only child of John Crosby and his second wife Mercy Crosby, both of whom were relatives of Revolutionary War spy Enoch Crosby.
She traced her ancestry from Anna Brigham and Simon Crosby who arrived in Boston in 1635 (and were among the founders of Harvard College); their descendants married into Mayflower families, making Crosby a descendant of Elder William Brewster, Edward Winslow, and Thomas Prence, and a member of the exclusive Daughters of the Mayflower.
She was also a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Bridgeport, Connecticut, writing the verses of the state song of the Connecticut branch.
Through Simon Crosby, Fanny was also a relative of Presbyterian minister Howard Crosby and his neoabolitionist son Ernest Howard Crosby, as well as singers Bing and Bob Crosby.
According to Crosby, this procedure damaged her optic nerves and blinded her, but modern physicians think that her blindness was more likely congenital and, given her age, may simply not have been noticed by her parents.
John Crosby died in November 1820 when Fanny was only six months old, so she was raised by her mother and maternal grandmother Eunice Paddock Crosby (born about 1778; died about 1831).
These women grounded her in Christian principles, helping her memorize long passages from the Bible, and she became an active member of the John Street Methodist Episcopal Church in Manhattan.
In April 1825, she was examined by Valentine Mott, who concluded that her condition was inoperable and that her blindness was permanent.
Crosby memorized five chapters of the Bible each week from age 10, with the encouragement of her grandmother and later Mrs. Hawley; by age 15, she had memorized the four gospels, the Pentateuch, the Book of Proverbs, the Song of Solomon, and many of the Psalms.
From 1832, a music teacher came to Ridgefield twice a week to give singing lessons to her and some of the other children.
Around the same time, she attended her first Methodist church services at the Methodist Episcopal Church, and she was delighted by their hymns.
She remained there for eight years as a student, and another two years as a graduate pupil, during which time she learned to play the piano, organ, harp, and guitar, and became a good soprano singer.
After graduation from the NYIB in 1843, Crosby joined a group of lobbyists in Washington, D.C. arguing for support of education for the blind.
She recited an original composition calling for an institution for educating the blind in every state which was praised by John Quincy Adams, among others.
Two days later, she was among a group of Blind Institution students who gave a presentation to notable people at Trenton, New Jersey, where she recited an original poem calling for the aid and education of the blind.
She testified before a special congressional subcommittee, and she performed in the music room at the White House for President Polk and his wife.
She subsequently joined the school's faculty, teaching grammar, rhetoric, and history; she remained there until three days before her wedding on March 5, 1858.
The two spent many hours together at the end of each day, and he often transcribed the poems that she dictated to him.
She wrote a poem that was read at the dedication of Cleveland's birthplace in Caldwell, New Jersey in March 1913, being unable to attend due to her health.
Crosby was a longtime member of the Sixth Avenue Bible Baptist Church in Brooklyn, New York, which has been in existence continuously since 1867.
There was a cholera epidemic in New York City from May to November 1849, and she remained at the NYIB to nurse the sick rather than leaving the city.
Crosby attended churches of various denominations until spring 1887, including the Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims in Brooklyn Heights led by Congregationalist abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher who was an innovator with church music.
She attended the Trinity Episcopal church, and liked to worship at the North West Dutch Reformed church and the Central Presbyterian Church (later known as the Brooklyn Tabernacle).
In later life, she said that one of her favorite preachers was Theodore Ledyard Cuyler, minister of the North East Dutch Reformed Church.
Tradition insists that she was a member in good standing of the John Street Methodist Episcopal Church in Manhattan, but there are no contemporaneous records to confirm this.
Crosby was not identified publicly with the American holiness movement of the second half of the 19th century and left no record of an experience of entire sanctification.
She was, however, a fellow traveler of the Wesleyan holiness movement, including prominent members of the American Holiness movement in her circle of friends and attending Wesleyan/Holiness camp meetings.
She vacationed each summer at Ocean Grove between 1877 and 1897 (and possibly longer), where she would speak in the Great Auditorium and hold receptions in her cottage to meet her admirers.
She had experienced some temporary opposition to her poetry by the faculty of the Blind Institution, but her inclination to write was encouraged by this experience.
The minstrel shows had a negative reputation among some Christians and classical musicians, so their participation in these compositions was deliberately obscured.
For many years, Crosby was usually paid only $1 or $2 per poem, with all rights to the song being retained by the composer or publisher of the music.
In the summer of 1851, George Root and Crosby both taught at the North Reading Musical Institute in North Reading, Massachusetts.
Despite this initial setback, Crosby continued to teach at North Reading during her vacations in 1852 and 1853, where she wrote the lyrics for many of her collaborations with Root.
It was popularized in the 1850s by the Christy Minstrels; it sold more than 125,000 copies of sheet music and earned nearly $3,000 in royalties for Root —and almost nothing for Crosby.
His interest is at once aroused; and on the following day he is asked to act as judge in a contest where each flower urges her claims to be queen of all the others.
At length the hermit chooses the rose for her loveliness; and in turn she exhorts him to return to the world and to his duty.
It was performed first on March 11, 1853 by the young ladies of Jacob Abbott's Springer Institute, and almost immediately repeated by Root's students at the Rutgers Female Institute; it was praised by R. Storrs Willis.
This cantata comprised 35 songs, with music composed with William Batchelder Bradbury and words by Crosby and Union Theological Seminary student Chauncey Marvin Cady.
Some of its principal choruses were first performed on July 15, 1853 by the students at Root's New York Normal Institute.
In addition to poems of welcome to visiting dignitaries, Crosby wrote songs of a political nature, such as about the major battles of the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War.
There was a strength in his character and an earnestness in his speeches that appealed to me more than I can tell.
Her text encourages volunteers to join the Union forces and incorporates references to the history of the United States, including the Pilgrim Fathers and the Battle of Bunker Hill.
He also was blind and enrolled at the NYIB, where he was a casual acquaintance of Crosby and sometimes a student in her classes.
He was a teacher at NYIB for two years from 1855; during this time, the couple were engaged to be married, necessitating her resignation from NYIB three days prior to their wedding at Maspeth, New York on March 5, 1858.
After their wedding, the van Alstynes lived in a small home in the rural village of Maspeth, New York with a population of about 200 people—present-day Maspeth, Queens, New York, and no longer rural.
At her husband's insistence, Crosby continued to use her maiden name as her literary name, but she chose to use her married name on all legal documents.
In addition to Crosby's income as a poet and lyricist, Van played the organ at two churches in New York City, and gave private music lessons.
Van and Fanny organized concerts with half the proceeds given to aid the poor, in which she gave recitations of her poems and sang, and he played various instruments.
The van Alstynes collaborated on the production of a hymnal featuring only hymns written by them, but it was rejected by Biglow and Main—ostensibly because the directors believed that the public would not buy a hymnal featuring only two composers, but probably due to the complexity of the melodies.
For example, Alexander played a piano solo at the third annual reunion of the Underhill Society of America on June 15, 1895 in Yonkers, New York, while Crosby read an ode to Captain John Underhill, the progenitor of the American branch of the Underhill family.
In 1896, Crosby moved from Manhattan to an apartment in a poor section of Brooklyn, living with friends at South Third Street, Brooklyn, near the home of Ira D. Sankey and his wife Fannie, and near the mansion owned by Phoebe Knapp.
Crosby set a goal of winning a million people to Christ through her hymns, and whenever she wrote a hymn she prayed it would bring women and men to Christ, and kept careful records of those reported to have been saved through her hymns.
Their informal ballad style broke away from the staid, formal approach of earlier periods, touching deep emotions in singers and listeners alike.
Howard Doane was an industrialist who became Crosby’s principal collaborator in writing gospel music, composing melodies for an estimated 1,500 Crosby’s lyrics.
In early 1868 Crosby met wealthy Methodist Phoebe Palmer Knapp, who was married to Joseph Fairchild Knapp, co-founder of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.
The Knapps published hymnals initially for use in the Sunday School of Saint John’s Methodist Episcopal Church in Brooklyn, which was superintended by Joseph F. Knapp for 22 years, while Phoebe Knapp took responsibility for 200 children in the infants’ department.
The evangelist team of Sankey and Dwight L. Moody brought many of Crosby's hymns to the attention of Christians throughout the United States and Britain.
Crosby was close friends with Sankey and his wife, Frances, and often stayed with them at their home in Northfield, Massachusetts from 1886 for the annual summer Christian Workers’ Conferences, and later in their Brooklyn.
After Sankey’s eyesight was destroyed by glaucoma in March 1903, their friendship deepened and they often continued to compose hymns together at Sankey’s harmonium in his home.
Her poems and hymns were composed entirely in her mind and she worked on as many as twelve hymns at once before dictating them to an amanuensis.
Dr. Julian, the editor of the Dictionary of Hymnology, says that 'they are, with few exceptions, very weak and poor,' and others insist that they are 'crudely sentimental'.
Crosby will probably always be best known for her hymns, yet she wanted to be seen primarily as a rescue mission worker.
At the end of her life, Fanny’s concept of her vocation was not that of a celebrated gospel songwriter, but that of a city mission worker.
She was aware of the great needs of immigrants and the urban poor, and was passionate to help those around her through urban rescue missions and other compassionate ministry organizations.
Throughout New York City, Crosby's sympathies for the poor were well-known, but consisted primarily of indirect involvement by giving contributions from the sale of her poems, and by writing and sending poems for special occasions for these missions to the dispossessed, as well as sporadic visits to those missions.
She continued to live in a dismal flat at 9 Frankfort Street, near one of the worst slums in Manhattan, until about 1884.
Additionally, she was a passionate supporter of Frances Willard and the Women's Christian Temperance Union and its endeavors to urge either abstinence or moderation in the use of alcohol.
She would also recite a poem which she'd written for the occasion, many of which were set to music by Victor Benke, the Mission's volunteer organist from 1893–97.
Some of the city missions with which Crosby worked were operated by proponents of Wesleyan/Holiness doctrine, including the Door of Hope rescue home founded by socialite Emma Whittemore on October 25, 1890 in a house belonging to A.B.
Crosby's hymn writing declined in later years, but she was active in speaking engagements and missionary work among America's urban poor almost until she died.
Some of her wealthy friends contributed often to her financial needs, such as Doane, Sankey, and Phoebe Knapp, although she still tended to give generously to those whom she saw as less fortunate than herself.
Her longtime publisher The Biglow and Main Company paid her a small stipend of $8 each week in recognition of her contributions to their business over the years, even after she submitted fewer lyrics to them.
However, Knapp and others believed that Biglow and Main had made enormous profits because of Crosby without compensating her adequately for her contributions, and that she should be living more comfortably in her advanced years.
She had been ill with a serious heart condition for a few months by May 1900, and she still showed some effects from a fall, so her half-sisters traveled to Brooklyn to convince her to move from her room in the home of poet Will Carleton in Brooklyn to Bridgeport, Connecticut.
She transferred her church membership from Cornell Memorial Methodist Church in Manhattan to the First Methodist Church of Bridgeport in 1904, after moving to Bridgeport.
On May 2, 1911, Crosby spoke to 5,000 people at the opening meeting of the Evangelistic Committee’s seventh annual campaign held in Carnegie Hall, after the crowd sang her songs for thirty minutes.
On Crosby's 94th birthday in March 1914, Alice Rector and the King's Daughters of the First Methodist Church of Bridgeport, Connecticut organized a Violet Day to honor her, which was publicized nationally by Hugh Main.
American poet, author, and lecturer Will Carleton was a wealthy friend with whom Crosby had lived in her last years in Brooklyn.
There was nothing negative written explicitly about Biglow and Main, but there was also little praise for the firm and its members.
The threatened lawsuit was to obtain information regarding sales of the book, for which she had been promised a royalty of 10 cents per copy, and to seek an injunction preventing further publication.
The proposed injunction was on the grounds that she had been misrepresented by Carleton; she believed that he had described her as living alone in poor health and extreme poverty, when in fact she was receiving $25 a week from Biglow and Main and was living with relatives who cared for her.
Crosby indicated she had no desire to be a homeowner, and that if she ever lived in poverty, it was by her own choice.
In 1904, Phoebe Knapp contacted Methodist Episcopal Church Bishop Charles Cardwell McCabe and enlisted his assistance in publicizing Crosby’s poverty, raising funds to ameliorate that situation.
The matter was still not settled in July 1904; however, it came to an end before Fanny Crosby Day in March 1905 after Carleton's wife Adora died suddenly.
There are not many people living in this year of grace who had the privilege of meeting such statesmen as Henry Clay, General Scott, and President Polk, but the names of these heroes are recorded with indelible letters among the annals of our national history, and their imperishable deeds are chronicled in characters that no person living should wish to efface.
They were men of sterling worth and firm integrity, of whom the rising generation may well learn wisdom and the true principles of national honor and democracy that all of them labored so faithfully to inculcate.
On Sunday, March 26, 1905, Fanny Crosby Day was celebrated in churches of many denominations around the world, with special worship services in honor of her 85th birthday two days earlier.
On that day, she attended the First Baptist Church in Bridgeport where Carrie Rider was a member; she spoke in the evening service and was given $85.
In March 1925, about 3,000 churches throughout the United States observed Fanny Crosby Day to commemorate the 105th anniversary of her birth.
In 1923, the King's Daughters of the First Methodist Church of Bridgeport, Connecticut honored Crosby's request to memorialize her by beginning to raise the additional funds needed to establish the Fanny Crosby Memorial Home for the Aged.
The non-denominational home was established in the former Hunter house at 1008 Fairfield Avenue, Bridgeport; it opened on November 1, 1925 after a national drive by the Federation of Churches to raise $100,000 to operate it.
The Enoch Crosby chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution dedicated a historic roadside marker on October 8, 1934, commemorating her birthplace on the western side of Route 22 in Doansburg, New York, just north of Brewster.
His presentation included stories of her productive and charitable life, some of her hymns, and a few of his own uplifting songs.
The liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church in the United States remembers Crosby with an annual feast day on February 11.
Retrospective I: 1974 to 1980 is a compilation album by Canadian rock band Rush, released in 1997 (see 1997 in music).
Quilling or paper filigree is an art form that involves the use of strips of paper that are rolled, shaped, and glued together to create decorative designs.
The paper is rolled, looped, curled, twisted and otherwise manipulated to create shapes which make up designs to decorate greetings cards, pictures, boxes, eggs, and to make models, jewelry, mobiles etc.
Quilling starts with rolling a strip of paper into a coil and then pinching the coil into shapes that can be glued together.
There are advanced techniques and different sized paper that are used to create 3D miniatures, abstract art, flowers and portraits among many things.
More recently quilling has been practiced as an art form in Renaissance France/Italy as well as in 18th century England During the Renaissance, French and Italian nuns and monks used quilling to decorate book covers and religious items.
It was one of the few things ladies could do that was thought not too taxing for their minds or gentle dispositions.
Many quilled art can be found on cabinets and stands, cribbage boards, ladies' purses, a wide range of both pictures and frames, work baskets, tea caddies, coats of arms and wine coasters.
Storage boxes, larger than most jewelry boxes with drawers and/or tops that opened, quilled lock boxes, and more popular is quilling jewelry in recent times became a trend for fashion lovers, as they can be very light and easy to carry on them.
Quilling can be found in art galleries in Europe and in the United States and is an art that is practiced around the world.
Quilling is relatively easy to learn compared to most other crafts, and with the resources available today, it can be learned by almost everyone.
Basic quilling techniques can be learned almost anywhere and there are several videos online that can teach you how to start quilling.
There are more exotic styles of quilling that aren't commonly taught, but can be learned through books that teach the specific style you are looking for.
Quilling is also a great craft for kids as it teaches them fine motor skills and is a great craft to train their hand-eye coordination.
Curling coaches make a great complement tool for slotted tools and are recommended for younger kids and people who like to quill 3D miniatures.
When using a graduated paper, a quilling ring begins with a dark shade but ends up being faded to a lighter side.
On the contrary, some graduated papers begin as white, or a lighter shade, and then slowly fades into a solid, darker color.
He has been a captain-regent three times, from October 1991 to April 1992, from April 2004 until October 2004, and from October 2016 to April 2017.
A fourth story written by John J Buckley, Jr. and penciled by Doug Rice, which has never been reprinted, appeared in #8 (winter 1984).
Human colonization and exploitation has resulted in the development of various human and mutant sub-species, as well as methods such as terraforming (altering marginally habitable worlds into environments where humans can thrive) and pantropy (genetically altering humans to thrive on marginally habitable worlds).
However, the chaotic nature of human expansion into space has resulted in two Great Checks: a powerful alien intelligence known as Lord Thezmothete, who prevents humans and other species from exploiting pre-spaceflight civilizations; and the emergence of the Law Machines, intelligent robots that enforce the law in all places.
The Law Machines always enforce the letter of the written law, to the extent that several planets were forced to change governments when corrupt or neglectful officials were arrested en masse.
Since someone arrested by the Law is never seen again, human colonies are wary about accepting the presence of a Law Machine in their society.
In their place have risen guilds like X-Tel, which specialize in helping disgruntled colonists move and resettle to places where The Law has a weaker presence.
The hacker was subsequently arrested, but since the Law Machines are programmed not to interfere in society except when enforcing official laws, they became powerless to act on New Hong Kong thanks to this new (and only) 'law'.
His normal fee is in the five- to six-figure range, plus expenses—and sometimes, given the amount of property damage he causes, those expenses can be pretty high.
His rotund appearance conceals high muscular density, giving him incredible (but not quite superhuman) strength, stamina and metabolic endurance (he can drink high amounts of alcohol with little effect).
His skills are impressive enough to be worthy of respect by no less than Lord Thezmothete, the single most advanced being in the galaxy.
Lou is a former agent of the Planetary Temperance League, but finds her current profession more to her liking, and has successfully tempted several of her fellow agents to work for her.
Her human-variant alteration gives her voluntary control over glands in her body that exude an intensely-powerful pheromone that can entice anyone (at least, anyone with a healthy sex drive).
Buck's other friend is Asteroid Al, a Thuxian (an eyeless alien species roughly resembling the creatures from the Alien franchise), who is known for being stingy about money and contracts.
These include the Prime Mover, an immortal and omnipotent alien lifeform who has a deal with humanity to prevent their extinction, Ambassador Whreee of the Klegdixal, a paranoid and conniving alien race and oft-time political rival of humanity, Parahexavoctal, chief of security of the entire Gallimaufry, and Buck's uncle and fellow Hoffmanite, Frakkus Godot.
Skrastiņš was drafted by the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League in 1998 as a defenceman and spent twelve years in the league playing for the Predators, the Colorado Avalanche, the Florida Panthers, and the Dallas Stars.
For the 2011-2012 season, Skrastiņš left the NHL and signed a contract to play in Russia for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
However, he never got to play a game for Lokomotiv as he was killed in the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash that killed almost the entire team on September 7, 2011.
On February 8, 2007, he played in his 487th consecutive game to pass Tim Horton for the longest playing streak in NHL history for a defenceman.
Skrastiņš' streak ended at 495 games, when he missed a February 25, 2007 game against the Anaheim Ducks with a knee injury.
He had previously missed only one other game due to injury in his career — against St. Louis on February 18, 2000, with a minor shoulder injury.
In his fourth season with the Avalanche in 2007–08, he was traded to the Florida Panthers for Ruslan Salei (who also died in the Lokomotiv plane crash) on February 26, 2008.
On October 16, 2008, he played his 600th career NHL game against the Minnesota Wild and on November 1, 2008, he scored his 100th point in his NHL career in a 3–2 loss fittingly against his original club, the Nashville Predators.
He scored his only two goals of the 2009–10 season, including the game winner, on December 19 in a 4–3 Stars victory over the Detroit Red Wings.
On May 17, 2011, after eleven seasons in the NHL, Skrastiņš left to sign a contract with Russian team, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.
On September 7, 2011, he was killed, when a Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger aircraft, carrying nearly his entire Lokomotiv team, crashed just outside Yaroslavl, Russia.
He is a former Speaker of Parliament of that country and, in that capacity, served as acting President twice in 2004.
After becoming the Speaker of Parliament in December 2003, he became acting president on March 24, 2004, when the five-year term of President John Bani expired.
He served in that position until April 12, when a new president, Alfred Maseng was elected by the parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.
Abiut lost his seat in Parliament shortly thereafter, in the parliamentary elections of July 7, 2004, and therefore lost his positions as speaker of parliament and acting President on July 28, 2004, at the first session of Parliament.
The common feature of this class is a pair of long, feathery, contractile tentacles, which can be retracted into specialised ciliated sheaths.
Ferris, Meyers and Hurst began writing demos and shortly thereafter, with the support of David Hawkes, a DJ on local Vancouver AM radio station, Coast 1040, Econoline Crush started to receive frequent airplay, and fan and music industry attention.
In 1993, with Hurst at the helm, after Ferris and Meyers left the band, Econoline Crush signed a record deal with EMI Music Canada, after playing only 26 shows.
They also toured Europe three times, with the Young Gods, Die Krupps, and Waltari, culminating in an appearance at the POP KOMM Festival in Köln, Germany with Filter.
In 1996, the band signed with the management group Bruce Allen Talent, and started recording at Sound City with producer Sylvia Massy, who had worked with Prince, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Tool.
The album was released in the US in 1998 on Restless Records, and they went again on tour with KISS, Stabbing Westward, God Lives Underwater, among others.
The band went to California to work on their next album with producers John Travis, Bob Rock and DJ Swamp, which included collaborations with Chris Vrenna (formerly from Nine Inch Nails) and Paul Raven (Killing Joke, Prong, Ministry).
The reception of their last album caused the band to disband, and each of the members dedicated time to other projects.
In 2007, Hurst announced on his MySpace page that he was working on a new Econoline Crush record, while the band started touring with Hinder.
Hurst and Markus (who had worked with Noise Therapy and Methods of Mayhem) co-wrote the songs for the new album, which was recorded at Radiostar Studios in California.
In August 2008, they went on another tour with 3 Doors Down, Staind, and Hinder, followed by a tour with Alice Cooper in September and October 2008.
The band embarked on a summer tour in 2010, joined by drummer Greg Williamson and bassist Steve Vincent from Alberta's Tupelo Honey.
On Sunday, September 17, 2017, Hurst performed during Calgary's fifth annual Rally for Recovery Day while also sharing his story of addiction and recovery.
This was the 3rd show of a weekend run that introduced drummer Dayvid Swart and guitarist (and the band's 2011 live mixing engineer) Graham Tuson.
Species of the family Beroidae are found in all the world's oceans and seas and are free-swimmers that form part of the plankton.
There are no tentacles but there are a row of branched papillae, forming a figure of eight around the aboral tip.
Like other comb jellies, the body wall of nudans consists of an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis, separated by a jelly-like mesoglea.
While swimming, and particularly while pursuing prey, they close their mouths like a zipper so that they maintain a streamlined profile.
An alternative method of feeding involves the lips spreading over the prey and the sword-shaped macrocilia lining the lips chopping off chunks.
Not all species seem to have these strips which seem specifically adapted to those with wide mouths whereas species with small oral openings are able to control the opening of the aperture by more conventional means.
The individual macrocilium is between 50 and 60 micrometres long and 6 to 10 micrometres thick, with the cilia bonded together in a hexagonal cross-sectional structure by permanent fibrils in three different planes.
By this arrangement they effectively grip parts of the prey in synchronized waves like a conveyor belt, transporting it to the stomach, and the throat muscles promote this process.
The three-toothed tip of the macrocilia is stiff enough for it to rip the outer wall of larger prey such as other ctenophores; at the same time, proteolytic enzymes penetrate into the resulting wounds, rapidly incapacitating the victim.
They supply nutrients to the most active parts of the animal, the mouth, pharynx, combs of cilia and the sensory organs at the hind end of the body.
At the aboral end of the animal (the opposite end from the mouth) is a statocyst, a balance organ that helps it to orient itself.
Nudans feed on free swimming animals with soft bodies, primarily on other ctenophores, many of them larger than they are themselves.
There are no known fossil nudans, so the phylogenetic evolution of the group by comparison with other modern ctenophores is not possible.
This division, after provisional results of morphological and molecular studies, however, probably does not reflect the actual relationships within the ctenophores.
The monophyly of Nuda is widely accepted, due to the complete lack of tentacles, and the presence of macrocilia as a common secondary feature, or synapomorphy.
Jade Errol Puget (born November 28, 1973) is an American musician and producer, best known as the guitarist for the rock band AFI (joined in 1998), the guitarist/writer for the straight edge hardcore band XTRMST, and the keyboardist/synthesizer operator for the electronic duo Blaqk Audio.
Puget's addition to the band introduced fans to a more melodically acute and dynamic sound that was vastly different from earlier material.
in October 1999, which featured various elements of horror punk and a sound disparate from much of the band's earlier material.
Puget has stated that he and Havok had no intent on releasing a full-length record, but the overwhelming positive reaction motivated them to move forward with the project.
His remix of Escape the Fate's song Issues, for which he used the name Wolves at the Gate, appears on their Issues Remixes EP.
Puget has a half-sister named Alisha, a half-brother named Gibson, and a younger brother named Smith, who is also AFI's tour manager.
With straight A's throughout his K-12 career, Puget dropped out of school at the age of 17 and continued his education at UC Berkeley, where he received a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1996.
In July 2011, Puget and his girlfriend of six years, Marissa Festa became engaged to be married, and were married on September 22, 2012 in Malibu, California.
In 1851 the colonial governments of British North America began to keep records of Indians and bands entitled to benefits under treaty.
In 1951, the current Indian Register was established by amendment of the Indian Act, and the many band lists were combined into one.
In 1985, the Indian Act was amended again with the goal of restoring First Nations status to people who had lost it through discriminatory provisions of the Act, and to their children.
The program has a long history of supporting the Apple Macintosh platform, and at times it has been bundled with new Mac purchases.
The application features a batch processor, slideshow mode, image preview browser, and access to metadata comments (such as XMP, Exif, and IPTC).
Gateway Inc., previously Gateway 2000, was an American computer hardware company based in South Dakota and later California, that developed, manufactured, supported, and marketed a wide range of personal computers, computer monitors, servers, and computer accessories.
To grow beyond its model of selling high-end PCs by phone, and to attract top management and engineers, Gateway relocated its base of operations to La Jolla, California, in May 1998.
In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission filed fraud charges against three former Gateway executives: CEO Jeff Weitzen, former chief financial officer John Todd, and former controller Robert Manza.
Weitzen was cleared of securities fraud in 2006, however, Todd and Manza were found liable for inflating revenue in a jury trial which concluded in March 2007.
In 2002, Gateway expanded into the consumer electronics world with products that included plasma screen TVs, digital cameras, DLP projectors, wireless Internet routers, and MP3 players.
While the company enjoyed some success in gaining substantial market share from traditional leaders in the space, particularly with plasma TVs and digital cameras, the limited short-term profit potential of those product lines led then-CEO Wayne Inouye to pull the company out of that segment during 2004.
Gateway moved build-to-order desktop, laptop, and server manufacturing back to the United States, with the opening of its Gateway Configuration Center in Nashville, Tennessee, in September 2006.
By early 2004, in terms of volume, Gateway had moved into a leadership position in the plasma TV category in the United States.
However, pressure to achieve profits after the acquisition of eMachines led the company to phase Gateway-branded consumer electronics out of their product line.
It featured a fictional Chicago wire service reporter—Carl Kolchak, played by Darren McGavin—who investigated mysterious crimes with unlikely causes, particularly those that law enforcement authorities would not follow up.
The new series was a ratings bomb and was quietly cancelled after only six of the ten episodes produced were aired.
In it, a Las Vegas newspaper reporter named Carl Kolchak tracks down and defeats a serial killer who turns out to be a vampire named Janos Skorzeny.
The cast also included Carol Lynley, Simon Oakland, Ralph Meeker, Claude Akins, Charles McGraw, Kent Smith, Stanley Adams, Elisha Cook Jr., Larry Linville, Jordan Rhodes, and Barry Atwater as the vampire Janos Skorzeny.
Kolchak recruits exotic dancer and psychology student Louise Harper (Jo Ann Pflug) to assist him in tracking down the eponymous strangler.
A fictitious version of the Seattle Underground City was used as a setting for much of the movie's action, and provided the killer with his hiding place.
Several scenes were filmed with George Tobias playing a reporter who recalled a series of murders he had investigated during the 1930s.
After some negotiation, McGavin agreed to return as Kolchak and also served as the series' executive producer, though he was not credited as such.
While the show was set in Chicago and some generic location/background filming was done there in summer and early fall, the show was filmed primarily in Los Angeles and at Universal Studios.
Jimmy Hawkins appeared on the series as a Catholic priest on November 1, 1974, in what proved to be his last acting appearance.
The series aired on Friday nights at 10 p.m., a virtual graveyard for most TV series, particularly one aimed at a younger audience.
McGavin found himself rewriting scripts and doing much of the work of a producer, but without getting either the full credit or the full compensation of one.
He asked to be released from his contract with two episodes remaining to be filmed, which the network granted in light of the show's dwindling ratings.
CBS pulled the series during mid summer and saved it for the fall premiere where it was expected to bring in more viewers.
The series features Kolchak as a reporter for the Chicago branch of the Independent News Service (INS), a small wire service.
The series managed in its short run to tackle most of the major monster myths, including classics such as vampires, werewolves, mummies and zombies.
Four episodes focused on monsters and spirits based in native folklore (two involving Native American legends, one Hindu and one Creole).
The series also dealt with creatures from science fiction, including a killer android, an invisible extraterrestrial, a prehistoric man thawed back to life, and a lizard-creature protecting its eggs.
The series also featured some more esoteric antagonists, including a headless motorcycle rider that hinted at the headless horseman myth and an animated knight's suit of armor possessed by a spirit.
A story about Jack the Ripper was one of the few based on an actual historical figure, though the series provided a supernatural explanation.
Gil Mellé wrote the music for the TV series, beginning with the theme that begins with Kolchak whistling in the opening credits.
Composer Jerry Fielding took over scoring music for the remaining series, augmented by one score each from Greig McRitchie (best known for his collaborations with Fielding, and James Horner), and Luchi De Jesus.
Initially identifiable by the altered opening whistle, an off-key electronic note is seemingly randomly introduced towards the end, but when synchronized with picture it corresponds to a specific visual.
Mellé was known for his innovative use of electronic orchestration (which was used throughout the series), however the producers chose not to include this stylistic element in his main title for broadcast, instead opting for a more conventional all-orchestral sound.
The series was cancelled with only 20 episodes completed but the initial order of 26 meant there were scripts that were completed but unproduced for the series.
He uncovers gruesome murders associated with a backwoods family and Kolchak suspects that they have some sort of inbred monster living with them.
These murders occur in a series of three, in which the first victim is hanged, the second executed with an ax, and the third poisoned.
Working with an art expert, Kolchak attempts to unravel who or what is behind these bizarre murders and what they have to do with the painting, without alerting Vincenzo that he is working on the same story.
Though Rice retains the rights to written Kolchak works, and Universal Studios owns the rights to the TV series, ABC maintained dramatic rights to the character and ownership of the two TV movies.
On November 14, 2005, ABC and creator Frank Spotnitz announced that the new series was being cancelled due to low ratings.
In a nod to the original series, the pilot episode has a brief shot from the original TV series of Darren McGavin in the INS newsroom, as the new Kolchak (Townsend) is walking through it.
Inserted digitally, McGavin is dressed in the same frumpy clothes he wore as Kolchak in the original series and smiles knowingly while touching his hat.
In another shot, when fellow reporter Perri Reed (Gabrielle Union) is searching through Kolchak's room, the hat McGavin wore in the original series is seen hanging on a coat rack.
In the 1970s, the Kolchak character was often seen in his yellow 1966 Ford Mustang convertible while in the new series' Kolchak drives an orange Mustang from 2005.
Moonstone continues to publish both a bimonthly serial magazine and a series of prose novels and graphic novels featuring the characters.
In May 2012, Disney announced a film adaptation is in the works with Johnny Depp starring and producing with Edgar Wright directing.
It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system and was established in 1971 as result of a legislative mandate of New York.
It is located in midtown Manhattan in what was originally the Aeolian Building, which was built in 1912 for the Aeolian Company, a piano manufacturer.
The University Eye Center is one of the largest outpatient eye clinics in the country, with over 73,000 patient encounters in FY 2012-13.
The Optometric Center of New York, established in 1956, is a foundation affiliated with the college to support vision science research, patient care, scholarships, and fellowships at the College and its clinical facilities.
Research and graduate programs at the college are administered through the Graduate Center for Vision Research, which currently receives nearly $4 million in annual funding for research grants.
In more traditional streams of Judaism, only men may constitute a minyan; in more modern (non-Orthodox) streams women are also counted.
It was the firm belief of the sages that wherever ten Israelites are assembled, either for worship or for the study of the Law, the Divine Presence dwells among them.
In rabbinical literature, those who meet for study or prayer in smaller groups, even one who meditates or prays alone, are to be praised.
The codifiers, such as Maimonides, his annotators, and the author of the Shulkhan Arukh, have unitedly given strength to this sentiment, and have thus, for more than a thousand years, made the daily attendance at public worship, morning and evening, to be conducted with a quorum of ten.
Before a boy turns thirteen, he is considered a minor in Jewish law and is not obligated in the performance of religious precepts.
However, if a child is over six years of age and has adequate comprehension of the significance of the precepts, his status may change.
Based on the Talmudic passage in Berachot, Rabbeinu Tam states that a minor can act as the tenth person and according to the Baal Ha-Maor, up to four minors would be permitted.
The Talmud itself does not directly address the question of whether women may count as part of a minyan for devarim shebkdusha.
There are a number of cases, including reading of the megillah, where a limited number of authorities count women towards the minyan.
A possible reason why it is men who were obligated to form a congregation in order to convene the Divine Presence is that women were individually considered sufficiently holy and did not require the combination of a group and special prayers to achieve added holiness deficient in men.
Due to the righteousness of the women in the wilderness, they did not suffer the same deadly fate as their male counterparts, and despite the spies’ negative report about the holy land, wished to enter it.
In 1845, rabbis attending the Frankfort Synod of the emerging Reform Judaism declared that women count in a minyan, a formalization of a customary Reform practice dating back to 1811.
In 1973, the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of Conservative Judaism voted to count men and women equally as members of a minyan.
This responsum holds that, although Jewish women do not traditionally have the same obligations as men, Conservative women have, as a collective whole, voluntarily undertaken them.
Because of this collective undertaking, the Fine responsum holds that Conservative women are eligible to serve as agents and decision-makers for others.
The responsum also holds that traditionally-minded communities and individual women can opt out without being regarded by the Conservative movement as sinning.
The Shulchan Aruch states that though a person may be a notorious and habitual sinner and has even committed a capital offense unless a person has been placed under a religious ban due to his sinful behavior, he is counted among the ten.
The source provided for this sentiment is from the incident with Achan who, despite having been put to death for his transgression, was still referred to as a Jew.
However, the Pri Megadim explains that this is only true if he sins for self-satisfaction, but if a person sins to spite God or has openly severed their connection with the Jewish people by professing a hostile creed or by publicly desecrating the Shabbat, such a person is prohibited from constituting a minyan.
Nevertheless, many contemporary authorities have been driven to adopt a lenient view in the face of widespread public non-observance of the Shabbat, on the presumption that it does not indicate a deliberate denial of faith, but is rather a result of ignorance and succumbing to the pressure of social and economic conditions.
This includes someone who is in the middle of his prayers but is precluded from responding to the hazzan’s incantations and someone who is mute but can hear the prayers.
However, if they are within hearing distance of one another, it is permitted for the ten to be distributed in two adjoining rooms.
Later authorities limit the extent of this opinion and rule that even if there is an opening between the two rooms, the two groups are still considered separate entities.
Only in unusual circumstances is it permitted, as long as some of the men in each room can see each other.
Over the last decade or so, more and more lay-led worship communities have formed that attempt to combine commitment to traditional Jewish law with a push for increased participation and recognition of the role of women.
Some also use the Guide for the Halakhic Minyan, a compendium of halakhic sources supporting increased participation by women in services, as a basis for discussions of practices like the ten-and-ten minyan.
Even though it is considered as a singular corpus that represents Hippocratic medicine, they vary (sometimes significantly) in content, age, style, methods, and views practiced; therefore, authorship is largely unknown.
The corpus may be the remains of a library of Cos, or a collection compiled in the third century BC in Alexandria.
However, the corpus includes works beyond those of the Coan school of Ancient Greek medicine; works from the Cnidian school are included as well.
Some Hippocratic works are known only in translation from their original Greek to other languages; given that the quality and accuracy of a translation without a suriving original cannot be known, it is difficult to identify the author with certainty.
The majority of the works in the Hippocratic Corpus date from the Classical period, the last decades of the 5th century BC and the first half of the 4th century BC.
These works were written for different audiences, both specialists and laymen, and were sometimes written from opposing view points; significant contradictions can be found between works in the Corpus.
In several texts of the corpus, the ancient physicians develop theories of illness, sometimes grappling with the methodological difficulties that lie in the way of effective and consistent diagnosis and treatment.
Whatever their disagreements, the Hippocratic writers agree in rejecting divine and religious causes and remedies of disease in favor of natural mechanisms.
The Hippocratic Oath is both philosophical and practical; it not only deals with abstract principles but practical matters such as removing stones and aiding one's teacher financially.
Seemingly, the main and most problematic topic covered in urology was that of bladder disease in patients, especially when urinary tract stones (that is, stones within either the kidneys or the bladder) were present.
Urinary tract stones, in general, have been seen within records all throughout history, even as far back as the ancient days of Egypt.
Theorizing how these urinary tract stones formed, how to detect them and other bladder issues, and the controversy on how to treat them were all major investigating points to the authors of the Hippocratic Corpus.
Throughout the books of the Hippocratic Corpus, there are varying hypotheses as to reasons why and exactly how urinary tract stones actually formed.
It is noted that these hypotheses were all based on the use of uroscopy and observation of patients by doctors of the time.
The main mechanism of detecting bladder disease’s symptoms, including inflammation and urinary tract stone formations, is through the appearance of the urine itself and the changes that occur with the urine over time.
It was also suggested that the appearance of blood within urine could indicate vessels of the kidney to have burst, potentially due to necrosis of blood arteries or vessels.
Furthermore, doctors noted that if bubbles formed on top of urine, the kidneys were diseased and showed the potential of long-lasting disease.
When it comes to the treatment of urinary tract stones, many solutions were suggested, including drinking a lot of a water/wine mixture, taking strong medication, or trying different positions when trying to flush them out.
Extracting the urinary tract stones was another option; however, this method was not utilized very often due to its serious risks and possible complications of cutting into the bladder.
Other than leakage of urine into the body cavity, another common complication was that of the cells of the testes dying due to the spermatic cord inadvertently being cut during the procedure.
In fact, due to these and other complications and the lack of antiseptics and pain medicines, the Hippocratic Oath opted for the avoidance of surgery – unless absolutely necessary – especially when concerning surgeries that dealt with the urinary tract and more so when stone removal was the intent.
Although, the urinary tract stone removal was not a necessary surgery and it appeared to be avoided in most cases, some argue that the Hippocratic Oath only wards of these procedures if the doctor holding the knife is inexperienced in that area.
This idea puts forth the development of medical specialties – that is, doctors focusing on one particular area of medicine versus studying the wide array of material that is medicine.
The doctors whom have become experts in the urinary tract – whom we would call urologists today – are those that could perform the heightened risk procedure of stone removal.
With this reliance on specialized doctors of the urinary tract, some believe that urology itself was the first definable expertise of medical history.
The Hippocratic texts describe wine as a powerful substance, that when consumed in excess can cause physical disorders, today known as, intoxication.
Although the negative effects of wine on the human body are documented within the Hippocratic Corpus, the author/authors maintain an objective attitude towards wine.
During this time, those studying medicine were interested in the physical effects of wine, therefore no medical text condemned the use of wine in excess.
According to the Hippocratic text, the consumption of wine significantly affects two regions of the body: the head and the lower body cavity.
In the lower body cavity, excess wine ingestion can have a purging effect; it can be the source of stomach pain, diarrhea, and vomiting.
An overall effect of wine that all Greek doctors of the time have observed and agree on is its warming property.
Physicians tried to study the human body with pure objectivity to give the most accurate explanation for the effects of external substances that could be given for the time.
According to Hippocrates, a more concentrated wine leads to a heavy head and difficulty thinking, and a soft wine inflames the spleen and liver and produces wind in the intestine.
This observation led to the belief that the size of your body and your environment had an influence on your ability to handle wine.
However, in rare circumstances, there are records of some doctors recommending wine for children, only if heavily diluted with water, to warm the child or to ease hunger pains.
Greek physicians were very interested in observing and recording the effects of wine and intoxication, the excessive use of wine was well known to be harmful, however, it was also documented as a useful remedy.
Men were encouraged to consume dark, undiluted wine before copulation, not to the point of intoxication, however enough to provide power and guarantee strength to the fetus.
For this reason, men suffering from cardiac illness, lack of strength, or pale complexion were encouraged to consume dark, undiluted wine.
During fall and spring, wine should be moderately diluted, and during the summer, wine should be diluted as much as possible with water, because of the hot temperatures.
The practice of mixing wine and diluting wine is also seen in prescription form, however, the dosage and quantities are left to the doctor.
The prescription of wine as a treatment was prohibited with diseases that affected the head, brain, and those accompanied by a fever.
Wine could also be used as an external remedy by mixing it with other substances such as honey, milk, water, or oil to make salves or soaks.
Patients suffering from pneumonia like illnesses would soak in a wine mixture and breath in the vapors with the intent to expel the pus from their lungs.
This is known because mumps causes swollen salivary glands that are located under the ears and the descriptions in the Hippocratic Corpus were so vivid that even over a thousand years later, the symptoms could be identified.
The Greek physicians thought of Jaundice to be a disease itself rather than what medical professionals know now to be a symptom of various other diseases.
The Greeks also believed that there were five different kinds of jaundice that can occur and report the differences between them.
The second form develops only during the summer because it was believed the heat of the sun causes bile, a dark green fluid produced by the liver, to rest underneath the skin.
In two other forms of this disease, occurring during the winter, set in due to drunkenness, chills, and the excess production of phlegm.
The physician will draw blood from the elbows, and advise to take hot baths, drink cucumber juice, and induce vomiting to clear the bowels.
The several forms of jaundice that the Greek physicians proclaimed might be because jaundice occurs due to varying sicknesses like hepatitis, gallstones and tumors.
Physicians at the time thought that the cause of an empyema was by orally ingesting some form of foreign body where it will enter the lungs.
The physicians also thought that empyemas could occur after parapneumonic infections or pleurisy because the chest has not recovered from those illnesses.
One of these treatments included the patient behind held down in a chair while the physician cut between the ribs with a scalpel and inserted a drainage tube which would remove all of the pus.
The research and descriptions that the Greek physicians performed were so accurate that they were the foundation of what we know about empyemas today.
The whole corpus is written in Ionic Greek, though the island of Cos was in a region that spoke Doric Greek.
A significant edition was that of Émile Littré who spent twenty-two years (1839–1861) working diligently on a complete Greek edition and French translation of the Hippocratic Corpus.
Beginning in 1967, an important modern edition by and others began to appear (with Greek text, French translation, and commentary) in the Collection Budé.
Other works of the corpus remained untranslated into English until the resumed publication of the Loeb Classical Library edition beginning in 1988.
In 2001, after a decade of financial decline, the PCF sold 20 per cent of the paper to a group of private investors led by the TV channel TF1 (part of the Bouygues group) and including Hachette (Lagardère Group).
An autopatch, sometimes called a phone patch, is a feature of an amateur radio (or other type of two-way radio) repeater or base station to access an outgoing telephone connection.
Users with a transceiver capable of producing touch tones (DTMF signals) can make a telephone call, typically limited by settings in the autopatch module to be only to flat-rate numbers, such as local calls or toll-free numbers.
This feature is primarily used by radio amateurs to provide emergency telephone connectivity to places that have lost their telephone network access.
An amateur radio operator with a transceiver installed in their vehicle may provide telephone network access from dozens of miles away, depending on the frequencies of the involved repeater/base station, the power of the transceiver, band conditions, and the gain of the antennas on both ends.
In the United States, autopatch users are required to hang up if they encounter music on hold, as the Federal Communications Commission regulations prohibit music on amateur radio frequencies.
They have since reunited for a series of one-off shows, including New York's Black N Blue Bowl in 2008 and Belgium's Groezrock Festival in 2011.
Retrospective II: 1981 to 1987 is a compilation album by Canadian rock band Rush, released in 1997 (see 1997 in music).
She was sold to Chile in 1991 and washed away from her berth at Talcahuano by a tsunami in February 2010.
Two oil-fired boilers fed steam at and to a pair of double reduction geared steam turbines that in turn drove two propeller shafts, with the machinery rated at , giving a speed of .
A single Sea Cat surface-to-air missile launcher was fitted aft (on the Helicopter hangar roof), while two Oerlikon 20mm cannon provided close-in defence.
A Limbo anti-submarine mortar was fitted aft to provide a short-range anti-submarine capability, while a hangar and helicopter deck allowed a single Westland Wasp helicopter to be operated, for longer range anti-submarine and anti-surface operations.
The ship had a sonar suite of Type 184 medium range search sonar, Type 162 bottom search and Type 170 attack sonar.
The task group visited a number of African ports on their way to the Far East and Indian Ocean, including South Africa, a visit that caused some controversy back in the UK at the time.
Upon the task group's return from the Far East, they made their way around the Cape of Good Hope to South America where a large exercise with the Brazilian Navy took place, which included the aircraft carrier .
In 1989 she joined the Dartmouth Training Squadron, and in a busy year became the first Royal Navy warship to visit East Germany as well as hosting a dinner to mark the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the River Plate.
On 27 February 2010 a tsunami associated with the 2010 Chile earthquake washed her several nautical miles from her berth in the Talcahuano naval base, towards the coastal city of Dichato.
In March 2010, the Chilean Navy decided to sink the ship to ensure free navigation in the area where the ship had run aground.
Caesars Entertainment Corporation (formerly The Promus Companies and Harrah's Entertainment) is an American gaming hotel and casino corporation founded in Reno, Nevada and based in Paradise, Nevada that owns and operates over 50 properties and seven golf courses under several brands.
Caesars is a public company, majority-owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management, TPG Capital and Paulson & Co. and Carl Icahn.
Caesars's largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on January 15, 2015 which led to the foundation of Vici Properties as a result.
The company's background can be traced to October 29, 1937, when Bill Harrah opened a small bingo parlor in Reno, Nevada, a predecessor to Harrah's Reno.
In 1955, he expanded to Stateline, Nevada, on the south shore of Lake Tahoe, where he would eventually open Harrah's Lake Tahoe.
In 1972, it was listed on the American Stock Exchange and in 1973, Harrah's became the first casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Bill Harrah died at the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota, at the age of 66, during a cardiac surgery operation to repair an aortic aneurysm.
Liquidation of Harrah's collection of almost 7,000 antique automobiles reportedly returned the full purchase price of the company to Holiday Inn.
Holiday Inn at the time had interests in two casinos: the under-construction Holiday Inn Marina Casino in Atlantic City, and a 40 percent stake in the Holiday Casino, adjacent to the Holiday Inn hotel on the Las Vegas Strip.
To effect the sale of the Holiday Inn hotel business to Bass PLC, Promus was created as a corporate spin-off, holding Harrah's, Embassy Suites, Homewood Suites, and Hampton Inn; Bass then acquired Holiday Corp., which retained only the Holiday Inn assets.
The late 1980s and early 1990s saw a rapid increase in gambling markets with the growth of Indian gaming and legalization of riverboat casinos.
In 1993 and 1994, the company opened Harrah's Joliet, Harrah's Vicksburg, Harrah's Tunica, Harrah's Black Hawk, Harrah's Central City, Harrah's Shreveport, Harrah's North Kansas City, and Harrah's Ak-Chin.
In 1995, Promus decided to spin off its non-gaming hotel businesses, in part because they had been undervalued by investors due to perception of the company as a risky gaming stock.
Promus Hotel Corp. was established, holding Embassy Suites, Hampton Inn, and Homewood Suites, while the parent company, holding 16 casinos, was renamed as Harrah's Entertainment.
Harrah's continued its expansion over the next ten years, opening Harrah's Skagit Valley, SkyCity Auckland, Harrah's St. Louis-Riverport, Harrah's Cherokee, Harrah's Prairie Band, Harrah's New Orleans, and Harrah's Rincon, and acquiring the Southern Belle Casino, Showboat, Inc., the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino, Players International, Harveys Casino Resorts, Louisiana Downs, Horseshoe Gaming, and the World Series of Poker.
On September 4, 1997, Harrah's Entertainment launched its Total Gold loyalty program (renamed as Total Rewards on April 4, 2000 and again as Caesars Rewards on February 1, 2019), developed at a cost of $20 million.
It was the first gaming company to offer a systemwide comps program, allowing points earned at one casino to be redeemed for goods and services at any of the company's other casinos.
Harvard Business School professor Gary Loveman joined Harrah's as chief operating officer in 1998, and would go on to serve as chief executive officer from 2003 to 2015.
The two companies sold several properties ahead of the merger to assuage antitrust concerns, including Harrah's East Chicago and Harrah's Mardi Gras.
The deal furthered Harrah's goal of gaining a larger presence on the Las Vegas Strip, where Caesars owned four casinos, and improved its ability to market to high rollers.
Harrah's began to push for a larger international presence in 2005, announcing joint venture agreements to build casinos in Spain, Slovenia, and the Bahamas, and applying for a license to build a major resort in Singapore, though none of these projects would come to fruition.
From 2005 to 2010, the company consolidated control of a long stretch of the east side of the Las Vegas Strip, acquiring the Bourbon Street, Imperial Palace, Barbary Coast, and Planet Hollywood casinos, along with large tracts of land behind the Strip properties.
In 2005 and 2006, Harrah's Entertainment closed its Lake Charles casino due to damage from Hurricane Rita, sold the Flamingo Laughlin and sold Grand Casino Gulfport.
Loveman at some point sought advice from private equity tycoon David Bonderman about the possibility of spinning off ownership of Harrah's Entertainment real estate as a separate real estate investment trust (REIT), hoping to attain the higher price-to-earnings ratios at which hotel companies traded, compared to gaming companies.
By the end of the year, an agreement was announced for the two companies to buy Harrah's Entertainment for $17.1 billion in cash plus $10.7 billion in assumed debt.
It was widely announced in previous years that the company planned to implode properties and build new ones from scratch, but after the market downturn the company conceded that it had little experience in building major resorts.
Instead it developed Project LINQ in 2009, which called for retaining and improving all existing buildings while adding a collection of about 20 restaurants and bars to be built along a winding corridor between the company's Imperial Palace, O'Sheas and Flamingo casinos, on the east side of the Las Vegas Strip.
It was an attempt to create the kind of entertainment district that had developed organically in cities such as Los Angeles, Memphis and New Orleans yet was lacking on the Strip, with its enclosed and casino-centric zones.
Caesars Entertainment, Inc. had previously envisioned using the location to build a baseball park, but the company's buyout by Harrah's cancelled the plans.
Through the following year, Harrah's got uncertain on continuing with the project, not knowing if AEG would split the costs and whether building a major league-ready stadium without a guaranteed franchise to play on it would be feasible given the enduring financial crisis.
The original plans were to break ground in June 2008 and finish the arena in 2010, but by 2009, it was revealed the stalled project had not even done a traffic study despite being located near a busy intersection.
However, given the financing would require a special taxation district, opposition from the Clark County Commission regarding using public money in the project stalled it even further.
AEG eventually backed out completely by 2012, once MGM Resorts International came up with their own project using a terrain behind the New York-New York and Monte Carlo resorts.
The vacant lots behind the casinos had been slated for a sports arena large enough to hold a professional basketball or hockey team.
It was announced in August 2010 that Harrah's Entertainment would run casinos in Cincinnati and Cleveland in Ohio when they opened in 2012.
On November 23, 2010, plans for an IPO were canceled, but a planned name change from Harrah's Entertainment to Caesars Entertainment Corporation did go forward as planned and was made official on the same day.
Under the terms of the transaction, shareholders of Caesars Acquisition Company will receive 0.664 share of Caesars Entertainment common stock for each share of Caesars Acquisition Company held.
The casino operating unit, Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. and approximately 170 of its subsidiaries filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on January 15, 2015.
On November 2, 2015, the Rock Gaming announced it would begin assuming management of Horseshoe Casino Cleveland, Horseshoe Casino Cincinnati and ThistleDown Racino from Caesars Entertainment and complete the transition by June 2016.
Caesars Entertainment Corporation (via its Harrah's casino brand) acquired Playtika in May 2011 for an amount between $80 and $90 million.
Playtika, a social game developer company, was founded in 2010 by Robert Antokol and Uri Shahak and produced Facebook social gaming platforms (slotomania.com & caesarsgames.com).
As of June 2016, a Chinese consortium, which includes Alibaba chief Jack Ma's Yunfeng Capital, agreed to purchase it in a buyout for $4.4 billion.
On March 17, 2019, it was announced that Caesars Entertainment Corporation and Eldorado Resorts are exploring a merger of the two companies.
On June 24, 2019 The Wall Street Journal reported that Caesars and Eldorado will ordain a merger with a combination of stocks and cash totaling around $ 8.58 billion.
On November 15, 2019, shareholders of both Caesars and Eldorado voted in favor of the merger, which is scheduled to be completed in the first half of 2020 pending regulatory approval and other closing conditions.
On April 16, 2019, Caesars announced that Affinity Gaming CEO Anthony Rodio would be transitioning into the role of Caesars CEO within 30 days, replacing Mark Frissora, who announced his intention to step down in November 2018.
Rodio came recommended by investor Carl Icahn, who owns almost 100 million shares, (which equals a 28.5% stake in Caesars as of June 17, 2019) has reportedly been pushing Caesars to sell the company.
In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object can be moved, changed, or otherwise affected without being physically touched (as in mechanical contact) by another object.
This term was used most often in the context of early theories of gravity and electromagnetism to describe how an object responds to the influence of distant objects.
The exploration and resolution of this problematic phenomenon led to significant developments in physics, from the concept of a field, to descriptions of quantum entanglement and the mediator particles of the Standard Model.
Philosopher William of Ockham discussed action at a distance to explain magnetism and the ability of the Sun to heat the Earth's atmosphere without affecting the intervening space.
Efforts to account for action at a distance in the theory of electromagnetism led to the development of the concept of a field which mediated interactions between currents and charges across empty space.
According to field theory we account for the Coulomb (electrostatic) interaction between charged particles through the fact that charges produce around themselves an electric field, which can be felt by other charges as a force.
This aspiration was developed by Maxwell with the theory of an electromagnetic field described by Maxwell's equations, which used the field to elegantly account for all electromagnetic interactions, as well as light (which, until then, had been seen as a completely unrelated phenomenon).
In Maxwell's theory, the field is its own physical entity, carrying momenta and energy across space, and action-at-a-distance is only the apparent effect of local interactions of charges with their surrounding field.
This description of electrodynamics, in contrast with Maxwell's theory, explains apparent action at a distance not by postulating a mediating entity (the field) but by appealing to the natural geometry of special relativity.
Direct interaction electrodynamics is explicitly symmetrical in time, and avoids the infinite energy predicted in the field immediately surrounding point particles.
Feynman and Wheeler have shown that it can account for radiation and radiative damping (which had been considered strong evidence for the independent existence of the field).
However, various proofs, beginning with that of Dirac, have shown that direct interaction theories (under reasonable assumptions) do not admit Lagrangian or Hamiltonian formulations (these are the so-called No Interaction Theorems).
Also significant is the measurement and theoretical description of the Lamb shift which strongly suggests that charged particles interact with their own field.
Fields, because of these and other difficulties, have been elevated to the fundamental operators in Quantum Field Theory and modern physics has thus largely abandoned direct interaction theory.
Newton, according to Kochiras, claims that God is a virtual omnipresent, the force/agent must subsist in substance, and God is omnipresent substantially, resulting in a hidden premise, the principle of local action.
If one of the interacting objects were to suddenly be displaced from its position, the other object would feel its influence instantaneously, meaning information had been transmitted faster than the speed of light.
One of the conditions that a relativistic theory of gravitation must meet is that gravity is mediated with a speed that does not exceed , the speed of light in a vacuum.
From the previous success of electrodynamics, it was foreseeable that the relativistic theory of gravitation would have to use the concept of a field, or something similar.
This has been achieved by Einstein's theory of general relativity, in which gravitational interaction is mediated by deformation of space-time geometry.
Thus, in the presence of matter, space-time becomes non-Euclidean, resolving the apparent conflict between Newton's proof of the conservation of angular momentum and Einstein's theory of special relativity.
Mach's question regarding the bulging of rotating bodies is resolved because local space-time geometry is informing a rotating body about the rest of the universe.
In Einstein's theory of motion, matter acts upon space-time geometry, deforming it; and space-time geometry acts upon matter, by affecting the behavior of geodesics.
Their existence (like many other aspects of relativity) has been experimentally confirmed by astronomers—most dramatically in the direct detection of gravitational waves originating from a black hole merger when they passed through LIGO in 2015.
Whether quantum entanglement counts as action-at-a-distance hinges on the nature of the wave function and decoherence, issues over which there is still considerable debate among scientists and philosophers.
One important line of debate originated with Einstein, who challenged the idea that quantum mechanics offers a complete description of reality, along with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen.
Even when the particles are so far apart that any classical interaction would be impossible (see principle of locality), a measurement of one particle nonetheless determines the corresponding result of a measurement of the other.
In the 1960s John Bell derived an inequality that indicated a testable difference between the predictions of quantum mechanics and local hidden variables theories.
To date, all experiments testing Bell-type inequalities in situations analogous to the EPR thought experiment have results consistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics, suggesting that local hidden variables theories can be ruled out.
Many advocates of the many-worlds interpretation argue that it can explain these correlations in a way that does not require a violation of locality, by allowing measurements to have non-unique outcomes.
What happens in entanglement is that a measurement on one entangled particle yields a random result, then a later measurement on the another particle in the same entangled (shared) quantum state must always yield a value correlated with the first measurement.
Since no force, work, or information is communicated (the first measurement is random), the speed of light limit does not apply (see Quantum entanglement and Bell test experiments).
In the standard Copenhagen interpretation, as discussed above, entanglement demonstrates a genuine nonlocal effect of quantum mechanics, but does not communicate information, either quantum or classical.
The community of Cornwall traces its history to European settlement in the 18th century and was a predominantly farming community until the construction of Route 1, the Trans-Canada Highway, during the early 1910s.
Several subdivisions were created near the intersection of the new highway with the Meadowbank Road, along with a small commercial strip.
On April 1, 1995, the incorporated communities of Cornwall, Eliot River, and North River amalgamated to form the Town of Cornwall.
Some residents had called for a new community name, as what occurred in the case of Stratford (also amalgamated at the same time).
The Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church and congregation at 419 South 6th Street in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Its present church, completed in 1890, is the oldest church property in the United States to be continuously owned by African Americans.
The church was organized by African-American members of St. George's Methodist Church who walked out due to racial segregation in the worship services.
Mother Bethel was one of the first African-American churches in the United States, dedicated July 29, 1794, by Bishop Francis Asbury.
On October 12, 1794, Reverend Robert Blackwell announced that the congregation was received in full fellowship in the Methodist Episcopal Church.
In 1816 Rev Richard Allen brought together other black Methodist congregations from the region to organize the new African Methodist Episcopal Church denomination.
After the American Civil War, its missionaries went to the South to help freedmen and planted many new churches in the region.
The 1841 church was reported to have a tunnel connecting it with a nearby Quaker meetinghouse to facilitate the movements of fugitive slaves.
In economics, effective demand (ED) in a market is the demand for a product or service which occurs when purchasers are constrained in a different market.
If there is labour market disequilibrium such that individuals cannot supply all the labor they want to supply, then the amount that they are able to supply will influence their demand for goods; the demand for goods, contingent on the constraint on the amount of labor that can be supplied, is their effective demand for goods.
In contrast, if there were no labor market disequilibrium, individuals would simultaneously choose both their quantity of labor to supply and the quantity of goods to purchase, and the latter would be their notional demand for goods.
Conversely, if there are goods market shortages, individuals may choose to supply less labor (and enjoy more leisure) than they would in the absence of goods market disequilibrium.
The amount of labor they choose to supply, contingent on the constraint on the amount of goods they can buy, is the effective supply of labor.
If there is credit rationing, some individuals are constrained in the amount of funds they can borrow to finance goods purchases (including consumer durables and houses), so their effective demand for goods, as a function of this constraint, is less than their notional demand for goods (the amount they would buy if they could borrow all they want to).
They too can be credit constrained, resulting in their effective demand for goods such as physical capital differing from their notional demand.
In addition, in a time of labor shortage, they are constrained in how much labor they can employ; therefore the amount of goods they choose to supply at any potential goods price—their effective supply of goods—will be less than their notional supply.
And if firms are constrained by excess supply in the goods market, limiting how much goods they can sell, then their effective demand for labor will be less than their notional demand for labor.
The presence of excess demand in one market influences effective demand or supply in another market, which may influence the degree of disequilibrium in the latter market; in turn, the constraints imposed on participants in that market influence their effective demand or supply in the former market.
According to Say's Law, for every excess supply (glut) of goods in one market, there is a corresponding excess demand (shortage) in another.
According to Keynesian economics, weak demand results in unplanned accumulation of inventories, leading to diminished production and income, and increased unemployment.
In the 1960s Robert Clower and Axel Leijonhufvud did further work on effective demand, and in the 1970s Robert Barro and Herschel Grossman published a well-known model of spillover effects upon effective demand.
The peerage title Earl of Ormond and the related titles Duke of Ormonde and Marquess of Ormonde have a long and complex history.
For many subsequent years, the earls took significant roles in the government of Ireland, and kept a tradition of loyalty to the English crown and to English custom.
The fifth earl was created Earl of Wiltshire (1449) in the Peerage of England, but he was attainted in 1461 and his peerages were declared forfeit.
This facilitated the next creation by awarding the titles of Ormond and Wiltshire to Thomas Boleyn, who was the father of Anne Boleyn.
On the death of Boleyn, these peerages of the second creation became extinct because he lacked male heirs, his son George having been executed for treason.
As a reward for his patriotism and generosity, Piers Butler was created Earl of Ossory five days after resigning his rights to the other titles.
The third creation for Piers Butler (in 1538) merely recognised the reality of the situation prior to the Boleyn irruption, and in 1544 an act of parliament confirmed him in the possession of his earldom, which was declared to be the creation of 1328, and not the new creation of 1538.
Through his marriage with his cousin Elizabeth Preston, granddaughter of the third earl, he had reunited the titles with the Ormonde estates.
Prior to the creation of the Earldom of Ormond, the First Earl's father had been created the first Earl of Carrick.
After a gap of 7 years following his father's death, James, who had recently married Eleanor de Bohun (a granddaughter of Edward I) was rewarded with an earldom in his own right – Ormond.
A later peerage title, the Earldom of Gowran, was granted to the seventh son of the 1st Duke of Ormond in 1676 but became extinct within less than two years.
The presumed successors of the 7th marquess in the Earldoms of Ormonde and Ossory have been the 17th and 18th Viscounts Mountgarret, descending in the male line from a younger son of the 8th Earl; however, no claim from the 17th or 18th viscount was submitted to the Monarch.
Since its formation in 1990, the group has released six studio albums, which have achieved multi-platinum and gold certification, as well as numerous charting singles, a compilation, and a CD+DVD.
The band has toured or played selected shows with such bands as Living Colour, The Flaming Lips, Our Lady Peace, Rush, Henry Rollins, Aerosmith, Godsmack, Metallica, Radiohead, The Offspring, Sponge, Seaweed, Hinder, Suicidal Tendencies and Danzig.
Formed in November 1990, Candlebox originally consisted of lead singer Kevin Martin, guitarist Peter Klett, bassist Bardi Martin, and drummer Scott Mercado.
By 1992 they were playing regularly in some of Seattle's top clubs, including the now defunct RKCNDY and Farside, to ever increasing audiences.
The tremendous radio, concert, and television success gained them a main-stage slot at Woodstock '94 and put Candlebox at the forefront of the 1990s post-grunge scene.
According to Martin, the band was unhappy with their record contract and attempted to be freed from Maverick after 2 years by breaking up.
The former Candlebox members would pursue other musical endeavors during the 2000s; in 2005, Kevin Martin recorded and performed as frontman of The Hiwatts.
Bardi Martin left the band in 2007 to continue his education to become a lawyer, with Adam Kury as his replacement.
The album was produced by Ron Aniello (Lifehouse, Barenaked Ladies) and features performances by both Scott Mercado and Dave Krusen on drums.
In 2009, Kevin Martin and Sean Hennesy formed The Gracious Few with Live members Chad Taylor, Patrick Dahlheimer, and Chad Gracey.
On August 9, 2010, Candlebox kicked off a five-show stint overseas performing for U.S. troops at Camp Arifjan in Kuwait and continued on to Iraq.
In 2010, Peter Klett and Scott Mercado formed Lotus Crush, consisting of: Terry McDermott (lead vocals), Peter Klett (lead guitar), Johnny Bacolas (bass), Scott Mercado (drums), and John Luzzi (rhythm guitar).
Although the band had originally planned to put out a new album in 2015, those plans were postponed after Candlebox parted ways with their record label at the time.
It was then announced in August 2015 that Candlebox had inked a record deal through Pavement Music and that they were working on a new record for an early 2016 release.
Lead singer Kevin Martin confirmed and elaborated on plans for the new record in an interview with The Gentlemen's Show podcast on August 27, 2015, stating that the targeted release date was March 11, 2016.
In July 2018, the original Candlebox lineup had a one-off reunion for the two live shows in Seattle, performing their debut album in its entirety to celebrate the 25th anniversary of its release.
Earl of Ossory is a subsidiary title held by the Earl of Ormond that was created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1528.
During King Henry VIII of England's pursuit of Anne Boleyn, who would be his second wife, he arranged for the main claimant to the earldom of Ormond, Piers Butler, to renounce all his claims to the titles in favour of Anne's father, Thomas Boleyn.
In 1662, the eldest son of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde was called to the Irish House of Lords on a writ of acceleration and became known as Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory.
A tonewheel or tone wheel is a simple electromechanical apparatus for generating electric musical notes in electromechanical organ instruments such as the Hammond Organ.
by Rudolph Goldschmidt and was first used in pre vacuum tube radio receivers as a beat frequency oscillator (BFO) to make continuous wave radiotelegraphy (Morse code) signals audible.
Each disk has a given number of smooth bumps at the rim; these generate a specific frequency as the disk rotates close to a pickup assembly that consists of a magnet and electromagnetic coil.
As each bump in the wheel approaches the pickup, it temporarily concentrates the magnetic field near it, and thus strengthens the magnetic field that passes through the coil, inducing a current in the coil by the process of electromagnetic induction.
As the bump moves past, this concentrating effect is reduced again, the magnetic field weakens slightly, and an opposite current is induced in the coil.
Thus, the frequency of the current in the coil depends on the speed of rotation of the disk and the number of bumps.
Typically, the coil is connected to an amplifier through a network of switches, contacts, resistor banks, and transformers which can be used to mix the fluctuating current representing the note from one coil with similar currents from other coils representing other notes.
In some kinds of music this is undesirable, but in others it has become an important part of the Hammond sound.
by Rudolph Goldschmidt as a beat frequency oscillator in early radio receivers to make continuous wave radiotelegraphy (Morse code) signals audible.
The marginal propensity to save (MPS) is the fraction of an increase in income that is not spent and instead used for saving.
For example, if a household earns one extra dollar, and the marginal propensity to save is 0.35, then of that dollar, the household will spend 65 cents and save 35 cents.
The MPS plays a central role in Keynesian economics as it quantifies the saving-income relation, which is the flip side of the consumption-income relation, and according to Keynes it reflects the fundamental psychological law.
Or mathematically, the marginal propensity to save (MPS) function is expressed as the derivative of the savings (S) function with respect to disposable income (Y).
Since MPS is measured as ratio of change in savings to change in income, its value lies between 0 and 1.
Mathematically, in a closed economy, MPS + MPC = 1, since an increase in one unit of income will be either consumed or saved.
Generally, it is assumed that value of marginal propensity to save for the richer is more than the marginal propensity to save for the poorer.
If income increases for both parties by $1, then the propensity to save for a richer person would be more than that for the poorer person.
The slope of a saving line is given by the equation S = -a + (1-b)Y, where -a refers to autonomous savings and (1-b) refers to marginal propensity to save (here b refers to marginal propensity to consume but as MPC + MPS = 1, so (1-b) refers to MPS).
This next round of consumption leads to a further change in production, which generates even more income, and which induces even more consumption.
And thus, as it goes on and on, it results in a magnified, multiplied change in aggregate production initially triggered by a change in autonomous variable, but amplified by the creation of more income and increase in consumption.
The end result is a magnified, multiplied change in aggregate production initially triggered by the change in investment, but amplified by the change in consumption i.e.
It determines how much saving is induced with each change in production and income, and thus how much consumption is induced.
If the MPS is smaller, then the multiplier process is also greater as less saving is induced, but more consumption is induced, with each round of activity.
If the MPS is smaller, then the multiplier process is also greater as less saving is induced, and more consumption is induced with each round of activity.
For example, if MPS = 0.2, then multiplier effect is 5, and if MPS = 0.4, then the multiplier effect is 2.5.
The album was compiled and released by lead singer and bassist Geddy Lee and producer Paul Northfield in the wake of the deaths of drummer Neil Peart's daughter and first wife in 1997 and 1998, respectively.
The album is dedicated to the memory of Peart's daughter Selena, who died in a car accident in 1997, and his wife Jacqueline, who died of cancer 10 months later.
The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary, produced by Kartemquin Films, that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in late March 2004.
The observational documentary, which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects (and none in which the interviewer's voice is heard), follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years.
The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001, although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time.
The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects' homes, at their places of work, in government offices, and in a number of other situations, many of them quite intimate.
We also were excited about the idea of telling these people’s stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here.
Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS.
Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts, BBC, Nick Fraser, SBS, TV Australia, and VPRO, The Netherlands.
The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting (LPB) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association (NAATA).
The New Americans won a variety of awards including: The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production, Chicago International Television Competition (2004); Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production, Chicago International Television Competition 2004]; Best Limited Series, Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards, International Documentary Association (IDA) (2004); and the Christopher Award, TV/Cable Category, (2005).
John Robson (14 March 1824 – 29 June 1892) was a Canadian journalist and politician, who served as the ninth Premier of the Province of British Columbia.
In 1859, upon news of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, Robson moved west to the then Colony of British Columbia from Upper Canada.
Unsuccessful at prospecting, Robson helped his brother, a Methodist minister, complete construction of a church in New Westminster, the capital of the new colony.
His advocacy of devolution of power from the colonial governor, Sir James Douglas, to a democratically elected assembly brought him into conflict with the august and autocratic Douglas.
Douglas governed both British Columbia and the Colony of Vancouver Island from Victoria, and this absence incurred further complaint from Robson and his paper.
Robson joined forces with other colonial-era editors such as Amor De Cosmos in railing against the Governor and his officials, including Chief Justice Sir Matthew Baillie Begbie.
In 1862, Begbie cited contempt of court charges against Robson during the Cottonwood Scandal for publishing an unproven allegation that the Chief Justice had accepted a bribe from land speculators.
He was a reluctant supporter of the colony's union with Vancouver Island in 1866, but by 1869, Robson had moved his newspaper's operations across the Strait to Victoria.
There Robson served as political editor for six years, and became a passionate advocate for the colony's union with Canada, formed as a confederation of four colonies of British North America on 1 July 1867.
Together with De Cosmos and Robert Beaven (also future premiers), Robson founded the Confederation League which lobbied Seymour, as well as London and Ottawa, for British Columbia's entry into Confederation.
During British Columbia's colonial days, Robson had briefly served in the colonial assembly, but otherwise his political activity was limited to editorializing and lobbying.
Once the colony joined confederation in 1871, however, he ran and was elected to the new province's first legislative assembly as a representative for Nanaimo.
There he became an opponent of his former ally De Cosmos as well as Premier George Anthony Walkem, and advocated reforms, including female suffrage.
His support for Alexander Mackenzie's Liberals in the 1874 federal election, won him a patronage appointment with the Canadian Pacific Railway, a position he held for five years.
Davie, where he earned a reputation as an advocate for public education, accelerated settlement, improved exploration and surveys, and subsidies to transportation providers, such as railways.
He was also a vigorous opponent of land speculation, seeing it as a hindrance to settlement and transforming land into economically viable resources.
Perhaps his greatest success came as the leading advocate for constructing the Canadian Pacific Railway terminus at Granville, and his encouragement of the citizens there to incorporate their locality.
In 1890, to ease his workload, he moved from representing the busy, growing riding of New Westminster to becoming one of the members for the vast, frontier electoral district of Cariboo in the province's Central Interior.
His brief tenure is chiefly remembered for his continued actions to enable homesteading, as well as his lobbying the federal government to construct a dry dock at Esquimalt, just west of Victoria.
Robson remained premier until his death in 1892, which occurred after he hurt his finger in the door of a carriage during a visit to London, and got blood poisoning.
Consumption, defined as spending for acquisition of utility, is a major concept in economics and is also studied in many other social sciences.
According to mainstream economists, only the final purchase of newly produced goods and services by individuals for immediate use constitutes consumption, while other types of expenditure — in particular, fixed investment, intermediate consumption, and government spending — are placed in separate categories (see Consumer choice).
Other economists define consumption much more broadly, as the aggregate of all economic activity that does not entail the design, production and marketing of goods and services (e.g.
The Keynesian consumption function is also known as the absolute income hypothesis, as it only bases consumption on current income and ignores potential future income (or lack of).
More recent theoretical approaches are based on behavioral economics and suggest that a number of behavioural principles can be taken as microeconomic foundations for a behaviourally-based aggregate consumption function.
In the tradition of the Columbia School of Household Economics, also known as the New Home Economics, commercial consumption has to be analyzed in the context of household production.
The elasticity of demand for consumption goods is also a function of who performs chores in households and how their spouses compensate them for opportunity costs of home production.
According to mainstream economists, only the final purchase of goods and services by individuals constitutes consumption, while other types of expenditure — in particular, fixed investment, intermediate consumption, and government spending — are placed in separate categories (See consumer choice).
Other economists define consumption much more broadly, as the aggregate of all economic activity that does not entail the design, production and marketing of goods and services (e.g.
Bell was born 1 November 1940 in Newcastle, New South Wales, and at age 9 or 10 moved with his family to the town of Maitland, New South Wales where he was educated at the Marist Brothers.
He is a contemporary and friend of Bruce Beresford (film director, with whom he shared a house and for whom he did some film acting), Ken Horler, Mungo McCallum, Bob Ellis, Richard Wherrett, John Gaden, Laurie Oakes (journalist), and Les Murray (poet).
His achievements in theatre have been acknowledged by the Universities of Newcastle (1994), Sydney (1996) and New South Wales, all of whom have awarded him honorary Doctor of Letters degrees.
In economics, the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is a metric that quantifies induced consumption, the concept that the increase in personal consumer spending (consumption) occurs with an increase in disposable income (income after taxes and transfers).
For example, if a household earns one extra dollar of disposable income, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.65, then of that dollar, the household will spend 65 cents and save 35 cents.
Mathematically, the formula_1 function is expressed as the derivative of the consumption function formula_2 with respect to disposable income formula_3, i.e., the instantaneous slope of the formula_2-formula_3 curve.
If you decide to spend $400 of this marginal increase in income on a new business suit, your marginal propensity to consume will be 0.8 (formula_14).
The marginal propensity to consume is measured as the ratio of the change in consumption to the change in income, thus giving us a figure between 0 and 1.
The MPC can be more than one if the subject borrowed money or dissaved to finance expenditures higher than their income.
The MPC can also be less than zero if an increase in income leads to a reduction in consumption (which might occur if, for example, the increase in income makes it worthwhile to save up for a particular purchase).
One minus the MPC equals the marginal propensity to save (in a two sector closed economy), which is crucial to Keynesian economics and a key variable in determining the value of the multiplier.
In a standard Keynesian model, the MPC is less than the average propensity to consume (APC) because in the short-run some (autonomous) consumption does not change with income.
Falls (increases) in income do not lead to reductions (increases) in consumption because people reduce (add to) savings to stabilize consumption.
Over the long-run, as wealth and income rise, consumption also rises; the marginal propensity to consume out of long-run income is closer to the average propensity to consume.
In theory one might think that higher interest rates would induce more saving (the substitution effect) but higher interest rates also mean than people do not have to save as much for the future.
Economists often distinguish between the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income, and the marginal propensity to consume out of temporary income, because if consumers expect a change in income to be permanent, then they have a greater incentive to increase their consumption.
However, the distinction between permanent and temporary changes in income is often subtle in practice, and it is often quite difficult to designate a particular change in income as being permanent or temporary.
What is more, the marginal propensity to consume should also be affected by factors such as the prevailing interest rate and the general level of consumer surplus that can be derived from purchasing.
If the multiplier is one, it means that the whole increment of income is saved and nothing is spent because the MPC is zero.
On the other hand, an infinite multiplier implies that MPC is equal one and the entire increment of income is spent on consumption.
Such changes are only possible during cyclical fluctuations whereas in the short-run there is no change in the MPC and formula_34.
Keynes is concerned primarily with the MPC, for his analysis pertains to the short-run while the APC is useful in the long-run analysis.
Its value is assumed to be positive and less than unity which means that when income increases the whole of it is not spent on consumption.
The Keynesian hypothesis is that the marginal propensity to consume is positive but less than unity (formula_35) is of great analytical and practical significance.
For it implies that the gap between income and consumption at all high levels of income is too wide to be easily filled by investment with the possible consequences that the economy may fluctuate around underemployment equilibrium.
Thus the economic significance of the MPC lies in filling the gap between income and consumption through planned investment to maintain the desired level of income.
When a person earns a higher income, the cost of their basic human needs amount to a smaller fraction of this income, and correspondingly their average propensity to save is higher than that of a person with a lower income.
If, at any time, it is desired to increase aggregate consumption, then the purchasing power should be transferred from the richer classes (with low propensity to consume) to the poorer classes (with a higher propensity to consume).
Likewise, if it is desired to reduce community consumption, the purchasing power must be taken away from the poorer classes by taxing consumption.
In the case of rich country, most common of the basic needs of the people have already been satisfied, and all the additional increments of income are saved, resulting in a higher marginal propensity to save but in a lower marginal propensity to consume.
In a poor country, on the other hand, most of the basic needs of the people remain unsatisfied so that additional increments of income go to increase consumption, resulting in a higher marginal propensity to consume and a lower marginal propensity to save.
This is the reason MPC is higher in the underdeveloped countries of Asia and Africa, and lower in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore and Germany.
Much of the current discussion seems to rely on the MPC being unique to a country, and homogeneous across such an economic entity; and the theory and the mathematical formulae apply to this use of the term.
This has traditionally been regarded as construction or other major projects (which also bring a direct benefit in the form of the finished product).
Someone with above average wealth or income or both may have a very low (short-term, at least) MPC of nearly zero—saving most of any extra income.
Further, if the extra income is seen as regular extra income, and guaranteed into the future, the pensioner may actually spend MORE than the extra £1.
This would occur where the extra income stream gives confidence that the individual does not need to put aside as much in the form of savings; or perhaps can even dip into existing savings.
More importantly, this consumption is much more likely to occur in local small business—local shops, pubs and other leisure activities for example.
These types of businesses are themselves likely to have a high MPC, and again the nature of their consumption is likely to be in the same, or next tier of businesses, and also of a benevolent nature.
Other individuals with a high, and benevolent, MPC would include almost anyone on a low income—students, parents with young children, and the unemployed.
Paul Smith's College was founded through a bequest of Phelps Smith, son of Apollos Smith, whose Paul Smith's Hotel, built in 1859, was the most famous wilderness resort of its era.
Justice John T. Ellis of the New York State Supreme Court ruled that the college could not be renamed, and the proposed donation was withdrawn.
Auxiliary areas include The Joan Weill Adirondack Library, the campus' sawmill, the Saunders Sports Complex, the Joan Weill Student Center and the Paul Smith's College VIC.
Student-directed clubs administrated under the Office of Student Activities include fishing and hunting, Artisans' club, Outing club, Students for Environmental Action, Society of American Foresters, the Wildlife Society, Student Government Association, InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, Ski and Snowboard Club, Gaming club, Fish and Game Club, and Mycology club, among others.
In the warmer months students may rent canoes to use on Lower Saint Regis Lake, located on the southern side of campus.
It is home to the school's SCUBA and dive training programs, the kayaking club's whitewater training, and log birling practice, an event in woodsman lumberjack sports competitions.
The Paul Smith's woodsmen's team's nine-year winning streak (from 1957–1966) in the sport's biggest event, the Spring Meet, is the longest in the history of intercollegiate lumberjack competition.
Both the men and women's soccer teams at Paul Smith's compete in an annual rivalry game with the teams from SUNY-ESF (State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry), known as the Barkeater Cup.
There are two components of consumer spending: induced consumption (which is affected by the level of income) and autonomous consumption (which is not).
Economists expect tax manipulation to increase or decrease consumer spending, though the precise impact of specific manipulations are often the subject of controversy.
The equation is GDP = C + I + G + NX, where C is private consumption, I is private investment, G is government and NX is the net of exports minus imports.
Consumer sentiment is the general attitude of toward the economy and the health of the fiscal markets, and they are a strong constituent of consumer spending.
Sentiments have a powerful ability to cause fluctuations in the economy, because if the attitude of the consumer regarding the state of the economy is bad, then they will be reluctant to spend.
Therefore, sentiments prove to be a powerful predictor of the economy, because when people have faith in the economy or in what they believe will soon occur, they will spend and invest in confidence.
For example, some households set their spending strictly off of their income, so that their income closely equals, or nearly equals their consumption (including savings).
In times of economic trouble or uncertainty, the government often tries to rectify the issue by distributing economic stimuli, often in the form of rebates or checks.
Also, people are many times intelligent enough to realize that economic stimulus packages are due to economic downturns, and therefore they are even more reluctant to spend them.
By putting money into savings, banks profit and are able to decrease the interest rates, which then encourage others to save less and promote future spending.
When fuel supplies are disrupted, the demand for goods that are dependent on fuel, like motor vehicles and machinery, may decrease.
Often, consumers will not purchase energy-dependent products until they can be sure that fuel will be available to use the product.
Consumer spending dropped to about 50% during World War II due to large expenditures by the government and lack of consumer products.
Consumer spending in the US rose from about 62% of GDP in 1960, where it stayed until about 1981, and has since risen to 71% in 2013.
In the United States, the Consumer Spending figure published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis includes three broad categories of personal spending.
Northern Lights (titled The Golden Compass in North America and some other countries) is a young-adult fantasy novel by Philip Pullman, published in 1995 by Scholastic UK.
For the 70th anniversary of the Medal, it was named one of the top ten winning works by a panel, composing the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite.
Children's dæmons can freely and instantaneously change their appearance into that of any creature; during puberty, however, their dæmons settle into one permanent form.
Mrs Coulter takes Lyra to her home in London, but before Lyra leaves Jordan, the Master entrusts her with an alethiometer, a strange truth-telling device, which she quickly learns to use intuitively.
Lyra uses her alethiometer to locate Iorek's missing armour; in return, he and his human aeronaut friend, Lee Scoresby, join her group.
Trollesund's witch consul tells the Gyptians of a prophecy about Lyra which she must not know, and that the witch clans are choosing sides for an upcoming war.
Guided by the alethiometer, Lyra detours at a village and discovers an abandoned child who has been cut from his dæmon and who soon dies.
She realises the Gobblers are experimenting on children by severing the bond between human and dæmon, a soul-splitting process called intercision.
Lyra and her companions are attacked by bounty hunters, and Lyra is captured and taken to Bolvangar, where she is briefly reunited with Roger before being sent to be separated from Pantalaimon.
Lyra activates Bolvangar's emergency alarm, sets the station on fire, and evacuates the children, where they are rescued by Scoresby, Iorek, the Gyptians, and the witch clan of Serafina Pekkala, who battle the station attendants as Lyra, Roger, and Iorek flee in Scoresby's hot air balloon.
He tells Lyra all he knows of Dust: that it has spawned parallel universes, it is somehow connected to death and misery, and that the Church believes it is the physical basis of sin.
Suddenly, he severs Roger from his dæmon, killing Roger but releasing an enormous amount of energy that tears a hole in the Northern Lights to a parallel universe, through which he walks.
It takes the form of a creature (such as a moth, bird, dog, monkey, or snake) and is usually the opposite sex to its human counterpart.
Some critics have asserted that the trilogy and the movie portray organised churches and religion negatively, while others – notably Dr Rowan Williams, formerly Archbishop of Canterbury – have argued that Pullman's works should be included in religious-education courses.
Literary critic Alan Jacobs of Wheaton College in Illinois suggested that Pullman had recast the Narnia series, replacing a theist world-view with a Rousseauist one.
The cast includes: Joanna Wyatt as Lyra, Alison Dowling as Mrs Coulter, Seán Barrett as Lord Asriel and Iorek Byrnison and Stephen Thorne as the Master and Farder Coram.
Players assume the role of Lyra as she travels through the frozen wastes of the North in an attempt to rescue her friend kidnapped by a mysterious organisation known as the Gobblers.
Together, they must use a truth-telling alethiometer and other items to explore the land and fight their way through confrontations to help Lyra's friend.
A TV adaptation of His Dark Materials, produced by Bad Wolf and New Line Cinema, and directed by Tom Hooper was first broadcast on BBC1 on 3 November 2019.
He is director of the Knight Center for Digital Media Entrepreneurship at Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.
During the 1986–87 academic year he was a Michigan Journalism Fellow at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he studied history, political theory and economics.
In November 2007, Gillmor was named founding director of Arizona State University's new Knight Center for Digital Media Entrepreneurship at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication.
The book offers a guide to new internet tools for journalists, including weblogs, RSS, SMS, peer-to-peer, and predicts how these tools will change journalism.
State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology at Cobleskill (SUNY Cobleskill) is a public college in Cobleskill, New York.
It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system and offers degrees in agriculture and technology; business and computer technology; culinary arts, hospitality and tourism; early childhood; and liberal arts and sciences.
SUNY Cobleskill is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and the New York State Education Department registers all academic programs.
Suite style and townhouse living - Students each live in their own room and share a living space, kitchen and bathroom with other students in their suite or town home.
SUNY Cobleskill teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III, after spending years in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA).
The Fighting Tigers are primarily a member of the North Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC) for all sports, with the exception of equestrian which competes in the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA) and track & field which competes in the New York State College Track Conference (NYSCTC).
Men's sports include: basketball, cross country, equestrian, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, and track & field; while women's sports include: basketball, cross country, equestrian, golf, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, track & field, and volleyball.
SUNY Morrisville (formerly Morrisville State College) is a public college with two locations in New York, one in Morrisville and one in Norwich.
It offers 23 bachelor's degrees, 52 associate degrees, and three certificate programs, and is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.
Programs of study include agriculture, animal science, equine, dairy, livestock, agriculture business, automotive, business, computing and information, design and engineering, brewing science, horticulture, environmental resources, aquatic science and aquaculture, renewable energy, equine, health and human performance, hospitality, and technology and society.
SUNY Morrisville is also adjacent to the towns of Cazenovia (11.5 miles) to the west and Hamilton (8.4 miles) to the east.
SUNY Morrisville was one of the first campuses to hold a license to grow industrial hemp for grain and fiber research applications.
While Industrial Hemp is very responsive to nitrogen inputs in terms on increased grain production, at the same time, fiber quality may decrease with high N inputs.
We are looking to develop a grain yield response curve for nitrogen fertilization, test a variety of fertilization timing options, and sources of N fertilizer to maximize grain production.
Fiber quantity and quality will be measured to determine if it is possible to harvest high quality fiber from a duel purpose crop, or whether nitrogen recommendations are divergent for fiber and grain production purposes.
The New York State Senate awarded $4 million for the creation of the New York Center for Liquid Biofuels at Morrisville State College with a facility based in Cortland County.
The grant for the center will help fund a biodiesel infrastructure in New York State through the construction of an oilseed crushing and biodiesel processing plant and extensive research in the use of biofuels and byproducts.
The campus is situated on of land with more than 48 buildings, several athletic fields and of college-managed farm and woodland.
A branch campus in Norwich, New York offers programs in business, technologies, liberal arts/education transfer, and nursing to Chenango area residents and employers.
The Morrisville Auxiliary Corporation is a non-profit corporation that provides dining and other services to the Morrisville campus and elsewhere including SUNY-ESF.
As a separate corporation, it is not bound by the same rules that the State imposes on the SUNY schools themselves, namely it is not bound by the same level of openness that public institutions are required to maintain.
The subject of blindness and education has included evolving approaches and public perceptions of how best to address the special needs of blind students.
The practice of institutionalizing the blind in asylums has a history extending back over a thousand years, but it was not until the 18th century that authorities created schools for them where blind children, particularly those more privileged, were usually educated in such specialized settings.
The Ancient Egyptians were the first civilisation to display an interest in the causes and cures for disabilities and during some periods blind people are recorded as representing a substantial portion of the poets and musicians in society.
Asylums for the Industrious Blind were established in Edinburgh and Bristol in 1765, but the first school anywhere, to expressly teach the blind was set up by Henry Dannett in Liverpool as the School for the Instruction of the Indigent Blind in 1791.
Other institutions set up at that time were: the School for the Indigent Blind in London and the Asylum and School for the Indigent Blind at Norwich.
With the help of the Philanthropic Society Haüy founded the Institute for Blind Youth, the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles, in February 1785.
He soon became determined to fashion a system of reading and writing that could bridge the critical gap in communication between the sighted and the blind.
These impressions could be interpreted entirely by the fingers, letting soldiers share information on the battlefield without having light or needing to speak.
The captain's code turned out to be too complex to use in its original military form, but it inspired Braille to develop a system of his own.
Braille worked tirelessly on his ideas, and his system was largely completed by 1824, when he was just fifteen years of age.
He published his system in 1829, and by the second edition in 1837 had discarded the dashes because they were too difficult to read.
Established in 1835, it taught arithmetic, reading and writing, while at the school of the London Society for Teaching the Blind to Read founded in 1838 a general education was seen as the ideal that would contribute the most to the prosperity of the blind.
Another important institution at the time was the General Institution for the Blind at Birmingham (1847), which included training for industrial jobs alongside a more general curriculum.
The first school for blind adults was founded in 1866 at Worcester and was called the College for the Blind Sons of Gentlemen.
In 1889 the Edgerton Commission published a report that recommended that the blind should receive compulsory education from the age of 5–16 years.
This act ensured that blind people up to the age of 16 years were entitled to an Elementary-Level Education as well as to Vocational Training.
By this time, reading codes - chiefly Braille and New York Point - had gained favor among educators as embossed letters (such as Moon type were said by some to be difficult to learn and cumbersome to use, and so (DOT CODES) were either newly created or imported from well-established schools in Europe.
While some of their methods seem archaic by today’s standards - particularly where their Vocational Training options are concerned - their efforts did pave the way for the education and integration of blind students in the 20th century.
Most still attended residential institutions, but that number dropped steadily as the years wore on - especially after the white cane was adopted into common use as a mobility tool and symbol of blindness in the 1930s.
An estimated 253 million people live with vision impairment: 36 million are blind and 217 million have moderate to severe vision impairment in the world with nearly 80 lakhs in India itself out of which number of blind students is close to 30 lakhs.
As per the law of nature, when one sensory organ does not function in human body, the other sensory organs become more active to compensate for the defect.
Aniruddha’s Bank for The Blind, conceptualized and operationalized by Shree Aniruddha Upasana Foundation, Mumbai, India, supports education for the blind in an affectionate and unique way.
The bank records the study curriculum in 12 languages like English, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Tamil, Kannada, Bengali, Malayalam, Telugu, Sanskrit and so on by the people who are well versed in their own mother tongue.
To date, the recorded CDs have made a difference in the lives of blind people in almost 26 states of India and a few regions of neighbouring Pakistan too.
Most blind and visually impaired students now attend their neighborhood schools, often aided in their educational pursuits by regular teachers of academics and by a team of professionals who train them in alternative skills: Orientation and Mobility (O and M) training - instruction in independent travel - is usually taught by contractors educated in that area, as is Braille.
Blind children may also need special training in understanding spatial concepts, and in self-care, as they are often unable to learn visually and through imitation as other children do.
Since only ten percent of those registered as legally blind have no usable vision, many students are also taught to use their remaining sight to maximum effect, so that some read print (with or without optical aids) and travel without canes.
A combination of necessary training tailored to the unique needs of each student and solid academics goes long way towards producing blind and visually impaired students capable of dealing with the world independently.
The ruling United National Party of Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe was defeated, winning only eighty two seats in the 225-member Sri Lankan parliament.
The United People's Freedom Alliance was formed as an alliance between President Kumaratunga's party, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), and the leftist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna.
Other parties that belong to the People's Alliance, such as the Communist Party of Sri Lanka, the Democratic United National Front, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, Mahajana Eksath Peramuna and the Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya, later joined UPFA.
Other parties winning seats were the Buddhist, Sinhala nationalist outfit Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU), the pro-LTTE alliance Tamil National Alliance (TNA), the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) and the Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP).
Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe's UNF government had been in limbo since October 2003, when President Kumaratunga declared a state of emergency and took three key cabinet portfolios for her party.
During the campaign, she argued that Wickremasinghe had been too soft on the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and promised to take a harder line.
The UNF, for its part, stressed the economic gains that had been made with the ceasefire and the need to find a negotiated solution to the civil war.
The backdrop to polling day was tense, with continued guerrilla activity by Tamil Tiger separatists and five politically motivated murders in the run-up to the election.
However, except for a slightly lower turnout in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka and allegations of fraud in the North, the election was calm and orderly.
Sri Lanka's Elections Commissioner Dayananda Dissanayake said that despite reported cases of electoral malpractice in certain polling stations in six electoral districts, there would be no fresh elections in these areas and the results issued by the Commission were final.
The United People's Freedom Alliance vote and seat totals are compared with the combined People's Alliance and JVP vote and seat counts at the 2001 election.
The State University of New York at Farmingdale is a college in East Farmingdale, in the U.S. state of New York.
Also known as Farmingdale State College or SUNY Farmingdale, it is a public technology college of the State University of New York.
The college was chartered in 1912 as a school of applied agriculture under the name of New York State School Of Agriculture on Long Island.
Lupton Hall, which houses the departments of Chemistry and Physics as well the School of Engineering Technology, now bears his name.
Two of the oldest buildings on campus are Hicks Hall and Cutler Hall, which were constructed in 1914 and were originally called the Horticulture and Agronomy Buildings, respectively.
The buildings house four oil on canvas murals, painted in 1936 by local artists Frederick Marshall and C. E. Lessing as a part of the Works Progress Administration.
Ward Hall, also constructed in 1914, was the original dormitory and now houses College offices, including Alumni Relations and Business Outreach.
Later historical buildings include Knapp Hall, completed in 1937, and Thompson Hall, competed in 1938, which were each built in the Georgian Colonial style.
The Oak was planted in soil collected from all 48 states as well as from the allied nations from the war.
Its Solar Energy Center is the first center to be accredited in the Northeast and the fourth in the nation, and Farmingdale has a federally funded Green Building Institute, an electric-fuel-powered campus fleet, a charging station, and a Smart Energy House.
Farmingdale State College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III and is a member of the Skyline Conference.
The program serves as a laboratory for the education of the student-athlete, and is conducted in keeping with the general educational mission of the College.
Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball.
The player controls a skier on a mountain slope, avoiding obstacles while racing against time or performing stunts for points, depending on the game mode.
When the player passes the 2,000-meter mark, the Abominable Snow Monster appears and starts to chase the player, eating them if it catches them.
Later, as a programmer for Microsoft he was writing programming utilities used in the development of software such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel.
He had been focused on developing for the OS/2 operating system, but in 1991 decided to learn to write for the newly released Windows 3.0, and so created a new version of his skiing game in the programming language C, replacing the text-based environment with graphics.
It was distributed on Verbatim 3.5-inch GameSampler floppy disks, bundled with packs of 10 other blank floppy disks in the early 1990s.
Games journalist Alfie Bown described the way other popular Windows games required concentration or mental energy, playing into the operating system's reputation for usefulness and productivity.
Vincent noted fan theories that attempt to explain the Monster's background, as well as theories on how to supposedly outrun it (apart from pressing the key to accelerate beyond the normal limits).
At a distance they are difficult to differentiate from other pelicans in the region although it is smaller but at close range the spots on the upper mandible, the lack of bright colours and the greyer plumage are distinctive.
The pouch is pink to purplish and has large pale spots, and is also spotted on the sides of the upper mandible.
In flight they look not unlike the Dalmatian pelican but the tertials and inner secondaries are darker and a pale band runs along the greater coverts.
A few birds from India are known to winter in the Gangetic plains but reports of its presence in many other parts of the region such as the Maldives, Pakistan and Bangladesh has been questioned.
The spot-billed pelican is not migratory but are known to make local movements and are more widely distributed in the non-breeding season.
In June 1906, C E Rhenius visited a colony in Kundakulam in Tirunelveli district where the villages considered the birds semi-sacred.
The same colony was revisited in 1944, and was found to have about 10 nests of pelicans and nearly 200 nests of painted stork.
Another colony was discovered in 1902 at a village called Buchupalle in the Cudappah district, where these pelicans nested along with painted storks during the month of March.
Due to habitat loss and human disturbance, the spot-billed pelican's numbers have declined and many populations in Southeast Asia are now extinct.
The specific name refers to the Philippines, where the species was abundant in the early 1900s but declined and become locally extinct in the 1960s.
Estimates suggest that increased protection has since enabled a recovery in their numbers and the status of the species was changed from vulnerable to near threatened in the 2007 IUCN Red List.
Some early descriptions of nesting colonies have claimed them to be distinctive in their silence but most have noted colonies as noisy.
Unlike the great white pelican it does not form large feeding flocks and is usually found to fish singly or in small flocks.
The courtship display of the males involves a distention of the pouch with swinging motions of the head up and down followed by sideways swings followed by the head being held back over the back.
Several colonies have since been discovered and while many of these have vanished others have been protected and a few villages with nesting colonies have become popular tourist attractions.
Clinton Community College is located in the Town of Plattsburgh, a few miles south of the city of Plattsburgh in Clinton County, New York.
Clinton Community College (CCC) is part of the State University of New York (SUNY), which oversees a network of sixty-four campuses, thirty of which are locally sponsored community colleges.
programs and ten certificate programs, all approved by the New York State Department of Education, as well as a number of articulation agreements and transfer options to other four-year colleges and universities.
Clinton Community College, a member unit of the State University of New York, is situated at Bluff Point, approximately 4 miles south of the City of Plattsburgh, on forested heights overlooking Lake Champlain.
The George Moore Academic and Administrative Building, which is the largest facility on campus, has multimedia smart classrooms, and computer labs.
Wireless Internet access is available on the Academic Focus Floor of the residence halls as well as in the George Moore Academic and Administrative Building.
Clinton Community College offers student leadership opportunities in the residence halls and on campus, as well as a number of clubs and organizations.
A student can choose to join Student Senate, Student Activities Board, College Chorale, Criminal Justice Club, Drama Club, Art Club, Clinton Community Equality Alliance, Science and Technology Club, Nursing Club, Native American Club, Honor Society (Phi Theta Kappa), and the International Student Club.
Egan v Canada, [1995] 2 SCR 513 was one of a trilogy of equality rights cases published by a very divided Supreme Court of Canada in the spring of 1995.
Joseph J. Arvay, Q.C., represented the plaintiffs, who delivered a motion for a declaration of unconstitutionality to the Federal Court of Canada (Trial Division).
On April 29, 1993, the Federal Court of Appeal affirmed the trial judge's judgment and dismissed the appeal by a 2–1 majority.
As such, the appellant did not have to prove the distinction on such a basis is irrelevant to the objective of the legislation.
It may be correct to say that being in a same-sex relationship is not necessarily the defining characteristic of being homosexual.
If there is an intention to ameliorate the position of a group, it cannot be considered entirely rational to assist only a portion of that group.
A more rationally connected means to the end would be to assist the entire group, as that is the very objective which is sought.
L'Heureux-Dubé J wrote her own dissent expounding on what she thought ought to be the appropriate approach in both the sections 15 and 1 analyses.
She contends that the approach defeats the very purpose of the equality rights in Section 15 of the Charter, noting that the objective of the Act in question may be discriminatory per se, but would survive constitutional scrutiny.
She finds, therefore, that the exclusion of same-sex couples is indeed discriminatory and in violation of Section 15 of the Charter.
The Court unanimously held that sexual orientation is an analogous ground under Section 15 of the Charter and is therefore a prohibited ground of discrimination.
Today two of the subregions are in the new Lisboa Region, two in the Centro Region and one in the Alentejo Region.
About NUTS II only: since 2002, the subregion Lezíria do Tejo was reinstated to the Alentejo Region and the Médio Tejo and Oeste were reinstated to the Centro Region.
Bruce Beresford (; born 16 August 1940) is an Australian film director who has made more than 30 feature films over a 50-year career.
He could not break into the British film scene, so he answered an advertisement for an editing job in Nigeria, where he worked for two years, in Enugu.
Beresford attended the University of Sydney with critic and documentary maker Clive James, art critic and aficionado Robert Hughes, activist and author Germaine Greer, journalist Bob Ellis, poet Les Murray, and writer Mungo McCallum.
Beresford remains close friends with Australian comedian, satirist and character actor Barry Humphries, best known for his on-stage/television alter ego Dame Edna Everage, and his family.
The college provides programs in the Liberal Arts and Sciences as well as in Allied Health, Business, Technical, and Vocational areas.
The most popular majors at North Country include Sports & Events Management, Business, Liberal Arts, Nursing, Radiologic Technology, Computer Graphics & Design, Massage Therapy and Wilderness Recreation Leadership.
North Country offers a wide array of student activities that center around its close proximity to Lake Placid, Whiteface Mountain, located in Wilmington and the Olympic Center and Ski Jumps located in Lake Placid.
North Country Community College was the Official College of the 1980 Winter Olympic Games held in Lake Placid, New York and maintains a working relationship with the Lake Placid - U.S. Olympic Training Center which is located ten miles from campus.
Two to four eggs are laid in a nest in a tree or on the ground, normally hidden from view by long grass.
The body text is set in Miller in some books, and others are set in OUP Argo; the front page title (and other book titles within the book) is set in Lithos; the sanserif used for headings and in other places is OUP Argo.
It is bounded on the north by Magnuson Park, part of Sand Point; on the northwest by Sand Point Way N.E., beyond which is Hawthorne Hills; on the southwest by Ivanhoe Place N.E., beyond which is Laurelhurst; and on the southeast by Lake Washington.
It is found mainly along the inland waters of the Indian Subcontinent but extending west to Sind and east to Thailand and Cambodia.
It is a gregarious species that can be easily distinguished from the similar sized little cormorant by its blue eye, small head with a sloping forehead and a long narrow bill ending in a hooked tip.
This medium-sized bronze brown cormorant is scalloped in black on the upper plumage, lacks a crest and has a small and slightly peaked head with a long narrow bill that ends in a hooked tip.
In some plumages it has a white throat but the white is restricted below the gape unlike in the much larger great cormorant.
The nests are placed in close proximity to those of other Indian cormorants, storks or waterbirds in dense colonies, often with several tiers of nests.
The Indian cormorant makes short dives to capture fish and a group will often fish communally, forming a broad front to drive fish into a corner.
The term 'penthouse' originally referred, and sometimes still does refer, to a separate smaller 'house' that was constructed on the roof of an apartment building.
While European designers and architects long recognized the potential in creating living spaces that make use of rooftops and such setbacks, in US cities, exploitation of these spaces began in earnest in the 1920s.
It was a matter of news when the development of a rooftop apartment at the Plaza Hotel overlooking Central Park was announced in 1923, and this was followed by rapid development of luxury penthouse apartments in the following years.
Due to the desirability of this outdoor space, buildings may be designed with such setbacks on more than one of its uppermost levels to allow apartments on several levels to feature such terraces.
A penthouse apartment/condominium may also provide occupants with private access to the roof space above the apartment, instead of, or in addition to, terrace space created by an adjacent setback.
Penthouse apartments have not only the advantages of a regular apartment such as security and convenient location but also many of those of a house such as size and design.
Similar to other city apartments, penthouses are usually located in the heart of urban centers yet offer a sense of being situated far away from or above noisy and crowded urban life.
Features not found in the majority of apartments in the building may include a private entrance or elevator, or higher/vaulted ceilings.
They may also have such features as a terrace, fireplace, more floor area, oversized windows, multiple master suites, den/office space, hot-tubs, and more.
Residents can also access a number of building services, such as pickup and delivery of everything from dry cleaning to dinner; reservations to restaurants and events made by building staffers; and other concierge services.
Penthouse apartments are considered to be at the top of their markets, and are generally the most expensive, with expansive views, large living spaces, and top-of-the-line amenities.
It is widely distributed across the Indian Subcontinent and extends east to Java, where it is sometimes called the Javanese cormorant.
It forages singly or sometimes in loose groups in lowland freshwater bodies, including small ponds, large lakes, streams and sometimes coastal estuaries.
Like other cormorants, it is often found perched on a waterside rock with its wings spread out after coming out of the water.
The entire body is black in the breeding season but the plumage is brownish, and the throat has a small whitish patch in the non-breeding season.
The Indian cormorant has a narrower and longer bill which ends in a prominent hook tip, blue iris and a more pointed head profile.
A study in northern India found that the little cormorant fished in water which was less than a metre deep and captured fishes of about length.
Captured fishes are often brought up to the surface to swallow them and during this time other birds including other little cormorants, painted storks, gulls and egrets may attempt to steal them.
Like all other cormorants, they will emerge from water and will hold out their wings and stay immobile for a while.
A study in Sri Lanka found that the time spent with spread wings was always after they had spent some time underwater, and that the duration was related to time spent underwater and inversely related to the temperature and dryness of air.
The breeding season of the little cormorant is between July to September in Pakistan and northern India and November to February in southern India.
Both parents take part in building the nest, which is a platform of sticks placed on trees and sometimes even on coconut palms.
Kale originated in the eastern Mediterranean and Asia Minor, where it was cultivated for food beginning by 2000 BC at the latest.
These forms, which were referred to by the Romans as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales.
USDA botanist David Fairchild is credited with introducing kale (and many other crops) to Americans, having brought it back from Croatia, although Fairchild himself disliked cabbages, including kale.
At the time, kale was widely grown in Croatia mostly because it was easy to grow and inexpensive, and could desalinate soil.
For most of the twentieth century, kale was primarily used in the United States for decorative purposes; it became more popular as an edible vegetable in the 1990s due to its nutritional value.
During World War II, the cultivation of kale (and other vegetables) in the U.K. was encouraged by the Dig for Victory campaign.
One may differentiate between kale varieties according to the low, intermediate, or high length of the stem, along with the variety of leaf types.
Many varieties of kale and cabbage are grown mainly for ornamental leaves that are brilliant white, red, pink, lavender, blue or violet in the interior of the rosette.
In a 100 gram serving, raw kale provides 49 calories and a large amount of vitamin K at 3.7 times the Daily Value (DV) (table).
As with broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, kale contains glucosinolate compounds, such as glucoraphanin, which contributes to the formation of sulforaphane, a compound under preliminary research for its potential to affect human health.
A story is told in which a neighbouring village offered to pay a generous price for some kale seeds, an offer too good to turn down.
It was discovered in 2001 by astronomers Scott S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, and J. Kleyna, and was originally designated as '.
Kale is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409 Mm in 685.324 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2011.
It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.
In mathematics, a Dirichlet problem is the problem of finding a function which solves a specified partial differential equation (PDE) in the interior of a given region that takes prescribed values on the boundary of the region.
The next steps in the study of the Dirichlet's problem were taken by Karl Friedrich Gauss, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet after whom the problem was named and the solution to the problem (at least for the ball) using the Poisson kernel was known to Dirichlet (judging by his 1850 paper submitted to the Prussian academy).
The existence of a unique solution is very plausible by the 'physical argument': any charge distribution on the boundary should, by the laws of electrostatics, determine an electrical potential as solution.
However, Karl Weierstrass found a flaw in Riemann's argument, and a rigorous proof of existence was found only in 1900 by David Hilbert, using his direct method in the calculus of variations.
It turns out that the existence of a solution depends delicately on the smoothness of the boundary and the prescribed data.
Such a Green's function is usually a sum of the free-field Green's function and a harmonic solution to the differential equation.
The Dirichlet problem for harmonic functions always has a solution, and that solution is unique, when the boundary is sufficiently smooth and formula_13 is continuous.
For example, the solution to the Dirichlet problem for the unit disk in R is given by the Poisson integral formula.
For bounded domains, the Dirichlet problem can be solved using the Perron method, which relies on the maximum principle for subharmonic functions.
The solution of the Dirichlet problem using Sobolev spaces for planar domains can be used to prove the smooth version of the Riemann mapping theorem.
has outlined a different approach for establishing the smooth Riemann mapping theorem, based on the reproducing kernels of Szegő and Bergman, and in turn used it to solve the Dirichlet problem.
The classical methods of potential theory allow the Dirichlet problem to be solved directly in terms of integral operators, for which the standard theory of compact and Fredholm operators is applicable.
They are one of several types of classes of PDE problems defined by the information given at the boundary, including Neumann problems and Cauchy problems.
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of New South Wales, a former British colony now part of Australia.
New South Wales was the first part of Australia to be settled by Europeans, and the first to operate a postal service, which in 1803 was carrying letters between Sydney and Parramatta for a 2d charge.
In 1809 a collecting office in Sydney was established to receive mail from passing ships, and in 1825 the postal service was expanded.
Mail coach service began in 1830, and in 1835 a new Postage Act superseded the 1825 statute and set rates based on weight and distance travelled.
The postmaster of the time, James Raymond, was in communication with Rowland Hill in England and worked to encourage the prepayment of letters in NSW.
In 1838, Raymond introduced envelopes embossed with the seal of the colony, and available for local mail for 1¼ pence each instead of the 2d charged letters paid for in cash.
However, the envelopes were not popular, and in 1841 Raymond was unable to develop official interest in postage stamps for the colony.
In 1842 regular mail service was carried by steamer between Melbourne and Sydney, and the first mail packet from Britain arrived in 1844.
An act of 1848 reformed the postal system and authorized the use of stamps; the first stamps appeared on 1 January 1850.
The 1d, 2d, and 3d stamps were separately engraved, and then re-engraved and retouched over the next year, yielding dozens of varieties.
In 1851 the colony switched to a more conventional design, a profile of Queen Victoria wearing a laurel wreath, first in a somewhat crude rendition, then a better one in 1853.
The colony also took the unusual step of using paper watermarked with the denomination, a practice that resulted in a number of mismatches between watermark and printed denomination that are rare and highly prized today.
These were large square stamps with the standard profile of Victoria wearing a diadem, framed with a hexagon and octagon respectively.
The use of perforation began in 1860; unfortunately for collectors, the stamps were very closely spaced, the perforating process not well controlled, and it is unusual to find stamps from before 1899 where the perforation does not touch or cut into the design on one or more sides.
New South Wales celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1888 with an issue of what is widely considered to be the first commemorative stamps.
A 2½d stamp depicting an allegorical figure of Australia appeared in 1890, while ½d, 7½d, and 12½d values were produced in 1891 as surcharges on existing stamps.
In 1897 two early semi-postal stamps were issued, paying 1d and 2½d rates, but sold for 1/- and 2/6 respectively, the additional proceeds going to a Consumptives' Home.
In 1913 the stamps of New South Wales were superseded by those of Australia; see stamps and postal history of Australia.
Most of the stamps of New South Wales are readily available today, but it is somewhat complex to collect; there are a dozen types of watermarks, multiple perforations, and numerous color shades.
While the Scott catalog distinguishes about 200 major types, it calls out many more minor varieties, and the Stanley Gibbons catalog totals some 400 distinct varieties.
Numerals and obliterators continued to be allocated to opening post offices up to the beginning of 1904 with 2099 (Toolijooa) probably the last number assigned.
The patterns of allocation provide a way of tracking the history of settlement of the state, although made complex by re-allocations as post offices closed or jurisdiction was transferred, as happened when Queensland became a separate colony.
This means that covers or stamps torn from covers or pairs of stamps can be used to tie numbers to mailing offices where official records are missing.
Newspaper wrappers were available from 1864, New South Wales being the second postal administration after the United States to issue newspaper wrappers.
Postcards were available from 1875 and, by the time the Australian Commonwealth postcards were introduced, New South Wales had produced a total of 34 different items.
Meren(gue)house/Merenrap (merenrap or merenhouse) is a hip hop music style formed by blending merengue music, with house music, hip hop music, and Caribbean music.
Dominican Merengue music can be considered an expression of Dominican transnationalism, as there was a significant shift in migration of Dominicans to New York City in the twentieth century.
It is not surprising that merenhouse, a musical hybrid, was popular to a generation of bicultural youth growing up in New York City with Dominican roots that combined both aspects of their culture.
The early 1990s saw a huge increase in immigration to the US from the Dominican Republic due largely to the greatly deteriorating economic situation of the Dominican Republic in the 1980s and early 1990s.
New York City saw the bulk of this initial Dominican population growth, and once those first Dominican immigrates got settled in, New York City became the hub of Dominican culture in the US.
This potent concentration of Dominicans all in one place allowed them to bring in their own culture while they assimilated into the melting pot of cultures found in New York City.
Merengue is one example of the many pieces of Dominican culture brought during this period of immigration, which was a key element to the creation of Merenhouse.
They have received acclaim from being one of the first groups to combine Merengue and House music, selling around 2 million albums around the world.
Proyecto Uno is a Dominican-American merenrap group which helped popularize a musical style that blends Merengue with rap, techno, dancehall reggae, and hip hop.
China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (), also known as China Eastern, is an airline headquartered in the China Eastern Airlines Building, on the grounds of Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport in Changning District, Shanghai.
In 1997, China Eastern took over the unprofitable China General Aviation and also became the country's first airline to offer shares on the international market.
The Chinese government has a majority ownership stake in China Eastern Airlines (61.64%), while some shares are publicly held (H shares, 32.19%); A shares, 6.17%.
On 20 April 2006 the media broke the news of a possible sale of up to 20% of its stake to foreign investors, including Singapore Airlines, Emirates and Japan Airlines, with Singapore Airlines confirming that negotiations were underway.
After receiving approval from the State Council of China, it was announced that on 2 September 2007 Singapore Airlines and Temasek Holdings (holding company which owns 55% of Singapore Airlines) would jointly acquire shares of China Eastern Airlines.
On 9 November 2007 investors signed a final agreement to buy a combined 24% stake in China Eastern Airlines: Singapore Airlines would own 15.73% and Temasek Holdings an 8.27% stake in the airline.
Singapore Airlines' pending entry into the Chinese market prompted the Hong Kong carrier Cathay Pacific to attempt to block the deal by buying a significant stake in China Eastern and voting down the deal together with Air China (which already held an 11% stake in China Eastern) at the shareholders' meeting in December 2007.
Air China's parent company, state-owned China National Aviation Corporation, announced in January 2008 that it would offer 32% more than Singapore Airlines for the 24% stake in China Eastern, potentially complicating the deal that Singapore Airlines and Temasek had proposed.
The merger of China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines was expected to reduce excess competition between the two Shanghai-based carriers while consolidating Shanghai's status as an international aviation hub.
The new combined airline was expected to have over half of the market share in Shanghai, the financial hub of China.
In March 2012, it was announced that China Eastern was forging a strategic alliance with the Qantas Group to set up Jetstar Hong Kong, a new low cost airline to be based at Hong Kong International Airport, which would commence operations in 2013.
China Eastern would hold a 50% stake in the new airline, with the Qantas Group holding the other 50%, representing a total investment of US$198 million.
In April 2013, China Eastern got a temporary permit to operate in the Philippines, but the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines required them to obtain a technical permit and an airport slot.
In 2015, the airline entered a partnership with Delta Air Lines in which Delta will buy a 3.55% share in China Eastern for $450 million.
China Eastern from June 30, 2015, launched new service to the US, as the Skyteam member plans three weekly Chengdu – Nanjing – Los Angeles operation with Airbus A330-200 (twin-jet) (A332) aircraft.
In 2017, China Eastern Airlines reported a net profit of CNY6.4 billion ($983 million), up 41% over net income of CNY4.5 billion in 2016.
On select A330, business class seats are either Zodiac Cirrus or Thompson Vantage XL which is in a 1-2-1 configuration, or it could be angled flat beds arranged in a 2-2-2 configuration.
After the merger with Shanghai Airlines, China Eastern Airlines signaled that it would combine the two carriers' cargo subsidiaries as well.
The airline's new subsidiary cargo carrier, consisting of the assets of China Cargo Airlines, Great Wall Airlines and Shanghai Airlines Cargo, commenced operations in 2011 from its base in Shanghai, China's largest air cargo market.
China Eastern Airlines signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Shanghai Airport Group, which controls both Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
The airline will allocate more capacity to Pudong Airport to open more international routes and boost flight frequencies on existing international and domestic trunk routes.
China Eastern Airlines's cargo subsidiary, China Cargo Airlines, is China's first all-cargo airline operating dedicated freight services using China Eastern Airlines' route structure.
The station is in Oakton, in the median of Interstate 66 at Nutley Street (Virginia State Route 243), with a postal address in Fairfax City.
The station can be accessed from I-66 without merging onto Nutley Street by a series of ramps that transport commuters to the station's north and south side parking complexes.
From the parking areas, riders use elevated walkways that bridge the east and westbound lanes of I-66 to reach the platform and mezzanine.
The station provides easy access to the nearby Town of Vienna, the City of Fairfax, and the main campus of George Mason University.
Although originally identified as the western terminus of the Orange Line in the 1968 plan, by 1978 Fairfax County was debating whether the initial terminus should be at the Vienna location or at another location in Tysons Corner.
The endorsement was made after determining it would cost an additional $59 million and take another five years to complete the line to Tysons.
After nearly four years of construction, the station opened on June 7, 1986, as the western terminus of the Orange Line.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail from the Ballston station and the opening of the East Falls Church, West Falls Church, and Dunn Loring stations.
In line with high-density development, the Fairlee Metro-West project aims to increase the housing density around the Vienna station from 60 single family homes to 2,250 condominiums and townhouses.
This development has been controversial, as many Orange Line commuters believe the system will be pushed beyond capacity at rush hours as a result.
Kult is a Polish rock band formed in 1982 in Warsaw, originally consisting of Kazik Staszewski (lead vocals, saxophone), Piotr Wieteska (bass guitar), Tadeusz Bagan (guitars) and Dariusz Gierszewski (drums).
Kult's early works were strongly influenced by alternative, progressive and punk rock, as well as the British new wave, but the band gradually incorporated more diverse and innovative styles in their music.
Before forming the band, all members of the original quartet had been playing together in either Poland or Novelty Poland, two bands led by Staszewski between 1979 and 1981.
After 1989 and the end of Communist rule in Poland Kult enjoyed great success, with each of a series of albums bringing new hits to the tops of the radio charts.
The band released a total of 13 studio albums and two live albums, including the 2010 recording of a MTV Unplugged concert.
Kult’s music has its roots in punk, but now it has some elements of rock, ska, jazz, traditional balladry, reggae, and even poetry.
From the start, the group has had an instantly recognizable sound and is distinguished by the voice and provocative lyrics of the lead singer, Kazik Staszewski.
In the nineties Kult took on the ‘new system’, which was seen as founded on pseudo-democratic leaders, the clergy and corporations.
The station is in the median of Interstate 66 at Gallows Road, just outside the Capital Beltway, and is accessed by a footbridge over the eastbound lanes.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail west of the Ballston station and the opening of the East Falls Church, West Falls Church and Vienna stations.
In August 2011, Mill Creek Residential Trust, in cooperation with WMATA, began development on a new mixed-use development area known as Alexan Dunn Loring.
State Route 520 (SR 520) is a state highway and freeway in the Seattle metropolitan area, part of the U.S. state of Washington.
The original floating bridge was opened in 1963 as a replacement for the cross-lake ferry system that had operated since the late 19th century.
In the 1970s and 1980s, sections of the freeway between Bellevue and Redmond were opened to traffic, replacing the temporary designation of SR 920.
Since the 1990s, SR 520 has been expanded with high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV lanes) and new interchanges to serve the Overlake area.
In 2016, the original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge was replaced by a wider bridge, as part of a multibillion-dollar expansion program that is scheduled to be completed in the 2020s.
The program also includes the construction of new bus infrastructure at Montlake and on the Eastside, as well as a bicycle and pedestrian path along most of the highway's length.
The interchange provides access to both directions of I-5 as well as a westbound off-ramp to Harvard Avenue and Roanoke Street.
SR 520 travels east across the south end of Portage Bay and its wetlands on the Portage Bay Viaduct, entering the Montlake neighborhood.
In Montlake, the highway intersects Montlake Boulevard (SR 513) and Lake Washington Boulevard just south of the University of Washington campus and Husky Stadium.
The freeway gains a set of HOV lanes and continues east on a pair of causeways through the marshlands of Union Bay and Foster Island, at the north end of the Washington Park Arboretum.
From Seattle, SR 520 crosses Lake Washington on the six-lane Evergreen Point Floating Bridge; at , it is the longest floating bridge in the world.
Tolls are collected electronically using the state's Good to Go pass or by mail, and vary based on time of day and the vehicle's number of axles.
, tolls for Good to Go users range from a minimum of $1.25 between midnight and 5:00 a.m. and a maximum of $4.30 during the morning and evening peak periods; tolls paid by mail range from $3.25 to $6.30.
The freeway reaches the eastern end of Lake Washington at Evergreen Point in northern Medina, where it travels under a landscaped park lid and next to a median-side bus station.
After an interchange and lid at 84th Avenue Northeast in Hunts Point, SR 520 travels eastward around the northern edge of Clyde Hill in a north-facing arc, passing through the Yarrow Point lid and bus station.
Within Overlake, SR 520 turns north and passes through several office parks, including the headquarters campus of Microsoft and the Nintendo of America branch office.
To serve exits at Northeast 40th Street and Northeast 51st Street, SR 520 gains a set of collector–distributor lanes, separated from other lanes by a concrete barrier.
The freeway crosses the Sammamish River and turns east, passing to the south of the Redmond Town Center mall and Bear Creek and to the north of Marymoor Park.
East of downtown Redmond, SR 520 intersects SR 202 and terminates; the road continues north as Avondale Road towards Cottage Lake.
SR 520's entire route is designated as part of the National Highway System, classifying it as important to the national economy, defense, and mobility.
The State of Washington also designates the SR 520 corridor as a Highway of Statewide Significance, a category of highways that connect major communities throughout the state.
SR 520 is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on the state's highways to measure traffic volume in terms of average annual daily traffic.
In 2016, WSDOT calculated that 80,000 vehicles traveled on SR 520 near its interchange with SR 202 in Redmond and 47,000 vehicles used it at SR 513 in Seattle, the highest and lowest traffic counts along the highway, respectively.
New towns along the eastern shore of Lake Washington were established in the late 19th century and initially served by steamship ferries, bringing passengers and goods to and from Seattle.
In 1940, the Lake Washington Floating Bridge was opened between Seattle and Mercer Island, carrying the Sunset Highway (later I-90) from Seattle towards Bellevue and the Eastside.
The new bridge allowed the Eastside to develop rapidly into bedroom communities in the 1940s and 1950s; the bridge also replaced the ferry system, which ceased operation in 1950, shortly after the removal of tolls on the bridge.
In the late 1940s, the state government conducted a feasibility study for a second floating bridge across Lake Washington, in response to increased traffic on the bridge.
In 1953, the Washington State Legislature approved the construction of a second floating bridge, using past and future tolls to fund its construction.
The west end of the floating bridge was to connect to the Everett–Seattle tollway (later I-5) at Roanoke Street, south of the planned Ship Canal Bridge, as well as the proposed Empire Way Expressway (later the R.H. Thompson Expressway) at Montlake.
The east end was to connect to the planned north–south freeway bypass of the Seattle area (later I-405), with an optional connection to the Stevens Pass Highway.
Two alignments for the floating bridge were considered in the late 1950s: a Sand Point–Kirkland, favored by the City of Seattle; and an Evergreen Point crossing, favored by the state government and the U.S. Navy, which operated Naval Air Station Sand Point.
The state government initially chose the Montlake–Evergreen Point alignment in 1954, intending to begin construction in 1955, but the alignment dispute delayed a final decision until December 1956.
Construction of the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge began on August 29, 1960, and assembly of the bridge's pontoons began the following year.
The bridge and its approach highways, connecting the main branch of Primary State Highway 1 in Seattle to its Eastside branch near Bellevue, were added to the state highway system in March 1961.
Construction of the western approach, an expressway between the Roanoke Interchange, Portage Bay, Montlake, and the Washington Park Arboretum, began in early 1962.
The eastern approach was constructed between 1962 and 1963, connecting the bridge to Medina, Secondary State Highway 2A in southern Houghton, and Northup Way—a local road that continued east towards Redmond.
The Evergreen Point Floating Bridge opened on August 28, 1963, along with the Roanoke Expressway, part of the Seattle Freeway, and the eastern approach to Houghton and Bellevue up to a temporary interchange with 104th Avenue Northeast.
The bridge and its approaches, constituting a state highway, were re-designated as Sign Route 520 (later SR 520) under the new state highway numbering system adopted in 1964.
SR 520 would use a temporary route on Northup Way (Northeast 20th Street) and Bel-Red Road between Bellevue and SR 202 in Redmond until the planned freeway was completed by the late 1970s.
A section of SR 520 between the Evergreen Point Bridge toll plaza and 104th Avenue Northeast was expanded in 1973 to accommodate a bus-only lane at the request of Metro Transit, which had begun operating express buses over the bridge.
The state government announced plans in 1968 to begin construction on the remaining freeway to Redmond, via a northeastward course through the Overlake area and across Marymoor Park.
Construction of a segment between 124th Avenue Northeast and 148th Avenue Northeast in Overlake began in February 1972 and was completed in December 1973.
The planned route of SR 520 along the north side of Marymoor Park in Redmond was given the temporary designation of SR 920 in 1975.
The two-lane expressway, connecting West Lake Sammamish Parkway (SR 901) and SR 202, was opened in July 1977 after several months of construction.
Completion of the last segment of SR 520, between 148th Avenue Northeast and SR 920, was given priority by Eastside cities and civic groups in the mid-1970s.
However, the City of Bellevue asked that the state government build a reversible bus lane on the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge before completing the last segment, due to increased traffic on the bridge.
The City of Redmond opposed the request, leading to a dispute between the two cities that was later resolved with a compromise to place completion of SR 520 ahead of the bus lane.
The state government approved funding for the Redmond project in 1977, extending SR 520 by at an estimated cost of $10 million (equivalent to $ million in dollars), funded using part of a statewide gasoline tax increase of two cents per gallon.
Contract bidding for the last segment was halted in 1978 by a lawsuit filed by a group of Eastside residents in opposition to the freeway, claiming that its environmental impact had been improperly assessed.
U.S. District Judge Morell Edward Sharp ruled in favor of the state government in March 1979, allowing for the bid to be awarded to a contractor.
The SR 920 designation was removed from the state highway system in 1985, and the section was re-signed as part of SR 520.
A traffic signal at the intersection of SR 520 and Northeast 51st Street remained in place until 1986, when it was replaced with an interchange.
The completion of SR 520 spurred new development in Downtown Redmond and the Overlake area, contributing to major traffic congestion on the freeway.
In 1994, the state government approved $81.1 million (equivalent to $ million in dollars) in highway improvements for the SR 520 corridor, including lane expansions and the addition of HOV lanes.
The segment from West Lake Sammamish Parkway to SR 202 was widened from two to four lanes in September 1995, and included the construction of a new bridge across the Sammamish River.
In late 1996, the highway's terminus at SR 202 was converted from a signalized intersection to an interchange, including an overpass connecting to Avondale Road.
SR 520's HOV lanes between I-405 and West Lake Sammamish Parkway were opened in 1999 after a $40 million (equivalent to $ million in dollars) expansion project.
The new lanes were restricted to two persons per vehicle, while the older HOV lanes between I-405 and the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge had a three-person requirement.
A new interchange was built at Northeast 40th Street in 2000 to serve the Microsoft Redmond Campus and other nearby employers, along with a set of collector–distributor lanes through the area, and ramp meters to manage traffic flow.
Between 1994 and 2002, portions of a multi-use pedestrian and bicycle path on the north side of the freeway were completed and opened, forming a trail from northern Bellevue to Marymoor Park in Redmond.
In the late 2000s, WSDOT completed several highway improvement projects on the segment of SR 520 between West Lake Sammamish Parkway and SR 202 in Downtown Redmond.
In August 2008, a flyover ramp from westbound SR 202 to westbound SR 520 was opened to traffic, replacing a pair of onramp traffic signals.
SR 520 was widened to four lanes in each direction in 2010, in a multi-phase project that added HOV and merge lanes, as well as reconstructed ramps at West Lake Sammamish Parkway.
In addition to the Downtown Redmond projects, a new lid-like overpass at Northeast 36th Street in Overlake was opened in 2010 to improve traffic in the area.
The overpass's $30 million cost (equivalent to $ million in dollars) was funded mostly by Microsoft, along with contributions from the City of Redmond and federal stimulus funding.
Since the opening of the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge in 1963, several proposals from local governments have requested the construction of a parallel span or additional pontoons to increase capacity and add infrastructure for rapid transit and bicyclists.
Daily traffic crossing the bridge rose from 17,400 cars in 1964 to nearly 100,000 in 1987, making the bridge the worst traffic bottleneck in the state of Washington.
By the late 1990s, the bridge was carrying twice as much traffic as it was designed to handle, and calls from Eastside cities and companies for a replacement bridge intensified.
WSDOT engineers also determined that sections of the bridge would fail during a large earthquake or a major windstorm, and that the bridge was nearing the end of its life expectancy, necessitating a total replacement.
The bridge underwent a major rehabilitation in 1999, including a seismic retrofit, and increased resistance to stronger sustained winds, to extend its life expectancy to 20 to 25 years.
The Washington State Transportation Commission began seeking alternatives for the bridge replacement project in 1997, including a Sand Point crossing and various designs for a parallel replacement span.
The $4.51 billion megaproject, which encompasses the SR 520 corridor between I-5 and I-405, was funded using a state gas tax and electronic tolls on the floating bridge introduced on December 29, 2011, to repay construction bonds over a 40-year period.
Construction of the SR 520 corridor project began in April 2011 on the Eastside, where WSDOT expanded the freeway to six lanes and added HOV lanes.
The project, completed in 2014, also included the construction of new bus stations and direct access ramps, new interchanges, park lids covering SR 520, and a multi-use trail.
Construction of the new floating bridge began in 2012, and it was dedicated on April 2, 2016, as the longest floating bridge in the world.
The new, bridge features four general purpose lanes and two HOV lanes, as well as a multi-use trail on its north side that opened on December 20, 2017.
The western approach was partially replaced with a new bridge for westbound traffic in August 2017, with the eastbound lanes remaining on the old approach bridge.
Improvements to the remaining segment of the SR 520 corridor, between I-5 and the floating bridge, were initially left unfunded, but underwent design and environmental review.
The first phase of the program, planned to be completed by 2023, will include construction of the eastbound lanes of the western approach bridge and a new Montlake Boulevard interchange with HOV lane ramps, a relocated bus station, and a park lid.
The second phase, to be constructed between 2020 and 2026, will include a new bridge across Portage Bay, a park lid near Roanoke Park, and a new HOV lane ramp to the I-5 reversible express lanes.
The third phase, to be constructed between 2024 and 2029, will consist of a second bascule bridge over the Montlake Cut, paralleling the existing Montlake Bridge, to connect SR 520 to the University District.
The SR 520 corridor is served by Sound Transit Express Route 545, as well as other Sound Transit Express, King County Metro, and Community Transit bus routes.
During peak periods, buses travel on SR 520 every one to four minutes between the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge and I-405.
Sound Transit will begin Link light rail service along the Redmond portion of the SR 520 corridor in 2023, with the opening of the East Link Extension.
Approved by voters in 2008, the line will connect Overlake Transit Center at Northeast 40th Street and Overlake Village station at 152nd Avenue Northeast to Seattle and Downtown Bellevue, crossing Lake Washington on the I-90 floating bridge.
In 2024, the line will be extended along SR 520 to Downtown Redmond, using funding from the Sound Transit 3 program approved by voters in 2016.
Canandaigua Lake State Marine Park is a New York state park and boat launch located on the north shore of Canandaigua Lake in Ontario County, New York.
The park offers three concrete boat ramps, with room for six boats to launch or be removed from the water simultaneously.
Between September 2011 and May 2012, the park was closed to allow for the complete reconstruction of the boat launch area.
Although the park's primary purpose is to serve as a boat launch facility, fishing from shore is also permitted at the park.
West Falls Church is a Washington Metro station in Idylwood, Virginia on the Orange Line, the first station inside the beltway on the Orange Line going east.
It is one of only two stations in the system to have three tracks, the other being the National Airport station.
The station serves the suburban community of Falls Church and the Northern Virginia Center operated by Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia.
While the station has a street address on Haycock Road, it is physically located in the median of Interstate 66 near Virginia State Route 7 (Leesburg Pike); riders access the platform and mezzanine by means of an elevated walkway from the parking area.
This is a major suburban transfer station, as many commuter buses that serve communities near the Dulles Toll and Access Roads (Virginia State Route 267) connect to the Metro system at West Falls Church using a bus-only exit from the Access Road.
These buses include Fairfax Connector to points within Fairfax including Reston and Herndon, Metrobus to Tysons Corner, and Loudoun County Transit reverse commute routes to businesses including AOL and MCI and transfer points in Dulles.
With the opening of the Silver Line on July 26, 2014, many commuter bus routes that formerly terminated at West Falls Church were rerouted to instead terminate at locations along the new Silver Line stations in Tysons Corner and Reston.
West Falls Church was also the original staging point for Washington Flyer buses to Dulles Airport, but this shifted to Wiehle-Reston East with the opening of the Silver Line.
The Silver Line joins the Orange Line via a flying junction immediately east of this station but does not serve the station.
Plans originally called for the Silver Line to stop at West Falls Church, but it was cut out of the final plan.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail west of the Ballston station and the opening of the East Falls Church, Dunn Loring and Vienna stations.
In 1999, the station was renamed West Falls Church–VT/UVA, when the initialisms for Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia were added to the station's name, two years after the dedication of the shared graduate center.
Born near Barrie, Upper Canada, Semlin worked there as a schoolteacher until 1862 when he moved to British Columbia during the gold rush to become a prospector.
He entered politics when British Columbia became a province of Canada, in 1871, winning the Yale riding in the provincial legislature in 1871 and was defeated in 1876, though won election again in 1882.
The site was chosen there as Cache Creek was the midpoint between the Cariboo region to the north and the populated areas of the Lower Mainland to the south.
His government lasted only two years and resigned to make way for the rump regime of Joseph Martin, who was defeated in the election of 1900.
Semlin raised a daughter, Mary, and left much of his estate, valued at just over $50,000 and consisting mainly of stock in the Dominion Ranch to her.
His name features in the Cache Creek area in the Canadian Pacific Railway railway-point name Semlin, on the south bank the Thompson River near Cache Creek and in the name of the Semlin Valley which stretches east from Cache Creek on the north side of the Thompson, and is the route of the Trans-Canada Highway today.
East of this station, the trains heading toward downtown DC descends underground, therefore leaving the median of I-66 and entering subway mode.
The station serves the communities of Falls Church and Arlington, Virginia and is located in the median of Interstate 66 near Lee Highway (U.S. Route 29).
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail west of the Ballston station and the opening of the West Falls Church, Dunn Loring, and Vienna stations.
The Silver Line began service on July 26, 2014, resulting in East Falls Church becoming the final transfer point before its split with the Orange Line.
Similar to all stations within the Interstate 66 median apart from West Falls Church, East Falls Church utilizes a simple island platform setup with two tracks.
There is an exit in the central part of the platform that leads to a mezzanine on the western side of North Sycamore Street.
The station's parking lot and bus bays are located to the north of this exit at the southwestern corner of the intersection of North Sycamore Street and North Washington Boulevard.
Born Kaja Murphy in Bellevue, Washington, and reared in Kirkland, Washington, Foglio graduated from Juanita High School in Kirkland, Washington in 1988.
She attended the University of Washington, where she was heavily involved with the local chapter of the Society for Creative Anachronism.
Maximilien Luce (13 March 1858 – 6 February 1941) was a prolific French Neo-impressionist artist, known for his paintings, illustrations, engravings, and graphic art, and also for his anarchist activism.
Starting as an engraver, he then concentrated on painting, first as an Impressionist, then as a Pointillist, and finally returning to Impressionism.
The next year, he received a promotion to corporal, and he became friends with Alexandre Millerand, who, in 1920, assumed the office of President of France.
In addition to Pissarro and Signac, he met many of the other Neo-impressionists, including Seurat, Henri-Edmond Cross, Charles Angrand, Armand Guillaumin, Hippolyte Petitjean, Albert Dubois-Pillet, and Pissarro's son Lucien.
With the exception of the years 1915 to 1919, Luce exhibited in every show at Les Indépendants from 1887 until he died in 1941, including a thirty-year retrospective held in 1926.
In 1909, he was elected Vice President of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, and was elected President in 1935, following the death of Signac, who had held the post since 1908.
However, in 1940 he resigned from the position as a protest against the Vichy regime's laws which would have prohibited Jewish artists from participating in the group.
While there, he met Les XX official Octave Maus, as well as Symbolist poet Emile Verhaeren and fellow Neo-impressionist painter Théo van Rysselberghe.
Starting near the early part of the twentieth century, his identification with the Neo-impressionists began to disappear, as he became less active politically, and his artistic style shifted from Neo-impressionism, and he resumed painting in an Impressionist manner.
He most frequently created landscapes, but his other works include portraits, still lifes (especially florals), domestic scenes, such as bathers, and images of welders, rolling mill operators, and other laborers.
On 8 July 1894, Luce, suspected of involvement in June assassination of President of France Marie François Sadi Carnot, was arrested and was confined to Mazas Prison.
She was frequently a model for him, appearing in many of his works, often partially or fully nude, other times depicted in scenes such as on a balcony or combing her hair.
The couple's first son, Frédérick, was born on 5 June 1894, but he died fifteen months later, on 2 September 1895.
Their second child, whom they also named Frédérick, was born in 1896, and in 1903 they adopted Ambroisine's nephew Georges Édouard Bouin, who had become orphaned.
The couple got married on 30 March 1940 in Paris; just a few months later, Ambroisine died, in Rolleboise, on 7 June 1940.
In May 1941, the Bibliothèque nationale de France held a memorial exhibition, and another memorial exhibition was mounted at Les Indépendants from March to April 1942.
Luce was among the most productive of the Neo-impressionists, creating over two thousand oil paintings, a comparably large number of watercolors, gouaches, pastels, and drawings, plus over a hundred prints.
Although he had had many solo exhibitions of his work in France, the first one in the United States did not occur until a 1997 retrospective at Wildenstein & Company in Manhattan.
The station entrance is located at North Fairfax Drive and North Stuart Street, near the intersection of Wilson Boulevard and North Glebe Road.
Its opening coincided with the completion of approximately of rail west of the Rosslyn station and the opening of the Court House, Clarendon and Virginia Square stations.
Ballston would serve as the western terminus of the Orange Line from its opening through the opening of its extension to the Vienna station on June 7, 1986.
In September 2013, the Arlington County Board approved a funding plan for the county's share of revenue generated by Virginia's new transportation legislation.
The plan calls for $500,000 to be allocated to planning for a new western entrance to the Ballston–MU station located at the intersection of N. Fairfax and Vermont Streets.
Under his design direction, the work of his firm has received numerous national awards and has been published and exhibited nationally and internationally.
Hargreaves and his firm designed numerous sites including the master plan for the Sydney 2000 Olympics, The Brightwater Waste Water Treatment Facility in Seattle, Washington, and University of Cincinnati Master Plan.
George Hargreaves and Mary Margaret Jones oversee a team of talented designers through the life of each project, maintaining a consistency throughout.
In 1986, George began to teach at Harvard University Graduate School of Design where he became a tenured professor and continued teaching there for over twenty years.
Prior to resigning from his position at Harvard to focus on his practice, he was the Peter Louis Hornbeck Professor in Practice of Landscape Architecture and taught advanced and theoretical design classes and core studios.
Its existence as a permanently embodied formation dated from 1809, when it was established by Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley (later to become the Duke of Wellington), as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, for service in the Peninsular War.
(Prior to this, it was common for formations with the same number to be temporarily established for a single campaign and disbanded immediately afterwards; divisions remained a permanent part of the British Army's structure only after the Napoleonic Wars).
The divisional insignia, the Crossed Keys of Saint Peter, were originally part of the coat of arms of the Diocese of York, and were adopted before or during the First World War.
For the rest of 1812, the division was part of a detachment (essentially a corps) under Rowland Hill which covered the southern flank of Wellington's main army.
It subsequently was briefly driven from a position at the Battle of Maya after Stewart retired the division prematurely to camp, but fought in the later engagements of the Battle of the Pyrenees and the battles in southern France.
It consisted at Waterloo of a brigade of British light infantry and riflemen, a brigade of the King's German Legion and a brigade of Hanoverian Landwehr.
The division began the day in reserve behind Wellington's right flank, but took part in the defeat of Napoleon's attacks later in the day.
The division formed part of the British army under Lord Raglan which landed in the Crimea and attempted to capture the port of Sebastopol.
It was commanded by Lieutenant General Sir George de Lacy Evans, and fought at the battles of the Alma and Inkerman, where it suffered heavy casualties.
In 1882, the division formed part of the Expeditionary Force under Lieutenant General Sir Garnet Wolseley which was sent to Egypt after a rebellion (the Urabi Revolt) threatened British control of the Suez Canal.
One of its brigades was used as a garrison of Alexandria, and did not take part in the main actions of the war, but the other brigade and the divisional headquarters took part in the decisive Battle of Tel-el-Kebir.
The division was part of an Army Corps called the Natal Field Force under General Sir Redvers Buller which was sent to South Africa when the Boer War broke out in 1899.
The division, or parts of it, suffered defeats at the Battle of Colenso and the Battle of Spion Kop before gaining victory at the Battle of the Tugela Heights during the Relief of Ladysmith.
In 1902 the army was restructured, and a 2nd Infantry division was established permanently as part of the 1st Army Corps, comprising the 3rd and 4th Infantry Brigades.
The division was subsequently stationed on Salisbury Plain, and designated to be part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) which would be despatched to the continent in the case of a general European war.
When the First World War broke out, in August 1914, the BEF was sent to support the French and Belgian armies.
The division took part in the Battle of Mons and the subsequent retreat, and, along with most of the rest of the original BEF, suffered heavy casualties in the First Battle of Ypres in November.
Although most of the division's regulars became casualties or were transferred to other formations, the division never lost its standing and reputation as a Regular Army formation.
The brigade left the division on 20 August 1915 to join the Guards Division and was renamed as the 1st Guards Brigade.
The brigade joined the division in August 1915 from the 27th Division and left in November for the 33rd Division, where it swapped with the 99th Brigade.
In September 1939, shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War, it once again became part of a British Expeditionary Force (BEF), under Field Marshal Lord Gort, sent to fight alongside the French Army.
The division was sent to the Franco-Belgian border, arriving on 21 September 1939, where it came under command of I Corps, and was to remain there for the next few months.
In May 1940, the BEF, including the 2nd Infantry Division, was driven from France during the retreat to Dunkirk, where the division (from 20 May commanded by Major-General Noel Irwin) was evacuated to England, with few casualties but losing almost all its equipment.
During the retreat, two members of the division were awarded the Victoria Cross: Second Lieutenant Richard Annand of the 2nd Battalion, Durham Light Infantry and Company Sergeant Major George Gristock of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment.
The 2nd Infantry Division was re-equipped in Britain and soon brought up to strength in numbers, although, like most of the British Army after Dunkirk, pitifully short of equipment.
The division was stationed in Yorkshire, serving again under I Corps control and in training to repel the expected German invasion, codenamed Operation Sea Lion.
After British and Commonwealth forces in the Far East suffered disastrous defeats in late 1941 and early 1942, the division, under War Office control and commanded now by Major-General John Grover, was sent to India, which was threatened by Japanese advances and internal disorder.
In late October 1942 the 6th Infantry Brigade was temporarily detached from the division and reorganised as an independent brigade group, complete with its own supporting units, and served in the failed Arakan Campaign, rejoining the rest of the division in India in June 1943.
In early April 1944 the 2nd Division was sent to join the Fourteenth Army's XXXIII Corps at Dimapur to fight its way down the road to relieve the besieged position at Kohima.
Kohima was relieved on 18 April but heavy fighting continued in the disputed position until under increasing pressure from a buildup in Allied forces (2nd Division had been joined by the 7th Indian Infantry Division in early May) the Japanese, having run out of food and supplies, were forced to withdraw and the Battle of Kohima was to all intents concluded at the end of May.
XXXIII Corps then tasked the 2nd Division to advance south down the road towards Imphal with the 7th Indian Division following up the retreating Japanese forces over the rough terrain to the east of the road.
On 22 June the 2nd Division made contact with the 5th Indian Infantry Division advancing northwards from Imphal and the siege of Imphal was relieved.
Both battles were some of the fiercest fighting of the war with Kohima labelled a miniature Stalingrad, due to the ferocity of the fighting on both sides.
The division, now commanded by Major-General Cameron Nicholson (Major-General Grover had been relieved the previous July), was withdrawn to India at the end of March 1945, as it could not be maintained nor kept up to strength, due to a severe manpower shortage in the British Army at this stage of the war, and all new replacements were being sent to the 21st Army Group in North-western Europe.
The division was rebuilt in India and was intended for further amphibious operations, but the war ended before it saw further action.
In September 1945 the divisional headquarters was in Malaya under HQ XXXIV Corps, with the three brigades en route to Japan, in Malaya, and in Burma earmarked for Malaya.
The division transferred to the command of HQ Allied Land Forces South East Asia on that date, moving back to the Southern Army on 7 June 1945.
The 5th Brigade left the division in October 1945 (following reorganisation) to become part of the Brinjap Division within the British Commonwealth Occupation Force in Japan.
The division was amalgamated with the 36th Division and reformed at St. David's Barracks in Hilden in Germany in February 1947.
It also amalgamated with the disbanding 6th Armoured Division in 1958 and moved to Tunis Barracks at Lübbecke in September 1959.
In the early 1970s, it consisted of the 4th Armoured Brigade and 12th Mechanised Brigade, but in 1976 2nd Division was re-roled as 2nd Armoured Division.
In a major reorganisation of British forces in 1982 and 1983, the 2nd Armoured Division converted back to become 2nd Infantry Division again.
Its new headquarters was at Imphal Barracks in York, and it consisted of three infantry brigades: the regular 24th Airmobile Brigade, and the 15th Brigade and 49th Brigade from the Territorial Army.
Following the end of the Cold War, the division disbanded in 1992, but the title was resurrected for the amalgamation of several military districts - North East District and part of Eastern District, when the formation reformed on 1 April 1995.
Following further reshuffling, 52nd Infantry Brigade was reformed as an operational, rather than regional, brigade consisting of several light infantry battalions, and left the formation to join 3 Division in 2007.
It was tasked with maintaining the infrastructure and resources and the command and control responsibilities, for the training and administration of all Regular Army and Territorial Army units in Scotland, Northern Ireland and the North of England and as such the deputy commander was always a Territorial Army officer at the rank of Brigadier.
Despite the closure of HQ 2nd Division in Edinburgh the Army will retain a General Officer Commanding (GOC) Scotland, in addition to a small number of staff, in order to maintain the level of senior representation in Scotland required to oversee the rebasing changes.
It was created in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, for service in the Peninsular War, and was known as the Fighting 3rd under Sir Thomas Picton during the Napoleonic Wars.
As a result of bitter fighting in 1916, during the First World War, the division became referred to as the 3rd (Iron) Division, or the Iron Division or Ironsides.
During the Second World War, the division (now known as the 3rd Infantry Division) fought in the Battle of France including a rearguard action during the Dunkirk Evacuation, and played a prominent role in the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944.
The division was to have been part of a proposed Commonwealth Corps, formed for a planned invasion of Japan in 1945–46, and later served in the British Mandate of Palestine.
It fought at the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810, the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811 and the Battle of El Bodón in September 1811, before further combat at the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812, the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812 and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812.
It then pursued the French army into France and saw action at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813, the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813.
The 3rd Division was also present at the Battle of Quatre Bras and the Battle of Waterloo in the Waterloo campaign under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Alten K.C.B.
The 3rd Division took part in the Crimean War and fought in the Battle of Alma and the Siege of Sevastopol.
In 1902 the army was restructured, and a 3rd Infantry division was established permanently at Bordon as part of the 1st Army Corps, comprising the 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades.
During the First World War the 3rd Division was a permanently established Regular Army division that was amongst the first to be sent to France at the outbreak of the war as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).
The division served in many major battles of the war, including the Battle of Mons and the subsequent Great Retreat, and later the First Battle of Ypres.
After the end of the First World War, the division was stationed in southern England where it formed part of Southern Command.
The 3rd Infantry Division, under the command of Major General Bernard Montgomery, was sent overseas to France in late September 1939, just under a month after the outbreak of the Second World War.
However, unlike in the First World War, where the division was almost immediately engaged in desperate fighting, there was no action.
In May 1940, after several months of relative inactivity, the German Army launched its attack in the west which resulted in the BEF being split up from the French Army, evacuated from Dunkirk.
Due to Montgomery's strict training regime, the 3rd Division suffered comparatively few casualties and earned a reputation as one of the best British divisions in France.
During the evacuation Montgomery was promoted to temporary command of II Corps and Brigadier Kenneth Anderson took temporary control of the division before, in July, Major General James Gammell assumed command.
For over a year after Dunkirk the composition of 3rd Division remained largely unchanged (except that the motorcycle battalion was converted into 3rd (RNF) Reconnaissance Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps).
Then, in September 1941, the 7th Guards Brigade was transferred to help create the Guards Armoured Division, and, in November, the 37th Infantry Brigade Group joined the 3rd Division and was renumbered 7th Brigade with the following composition: The brigade anti-tank companies were disbanded during 1941 and 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, formerly the 7th Battalion, Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire), joined the division in March 1942.
By early 1943, the experiment with 'mixed' divisions was abandoned, and division reverted to being an infantry formation, 33rd Tank Brigade being replaced by 185th Infantry Brigade.
The 3rd British Infantry Division was the first British formation to land at Sword Beach on D-Day, 6 June 1944, as part of the invasion of Normandy, part of the larger Operation Overlord.
These included 27th Armoured Brigade (Sherman DD amphibious tanks) and 22nd Dragoons (Sherman Crab flail tanks), 1st Special Service Brigade and No.
41 (Royal Marine) Commando, 5th Royal Marine Independent Armoured Support Battery (Centaur IV close support tanks), 77 and 79 Assault Squadrons of 5th Assault Regiment, Royal Engineers (Churchill AVREs).
The division's own artillery were all self-propelled (field regiments: M7 Priest; anti-tank regiment: M10 tank destroyer) and the SP field guns and RM Centaurs were able to fire from their landing craft during the run-in to the beach.
In addition, 3rd British Division had 101 Beach Sub-Area HQ and Nos 5 and 6 Beach groups under command for the assault phase: these included additional engineers, transport, pioneers, medical services and vehicle recovery sections.
The 3rd Division's brigades were organised as brigade groups for the assault, with 8 Brigade Group making the first landing, followed by 185 Brigade Group and 9 Brigade Group in succession during the morning and early afternoon.
With the fighting in Normandy over after the Battle of the Falaise Gap, the division also participated in the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine and fought in the Netherlands and Belgium and later the Allied invasion of Germany.
For the campaign in Normandy, the division was commanded by Major-General Tom Rennie until he was wounded on 13 June 1944; Major-General 'Bolo' Whistler, a highly popular commander, took command on 23 June 1944.
During the campaign in Normandy, the division won its first Victoria Cross of the Second World War, awarded in August 1944 to Corporal Sidney Bates of 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment, part of the 185th Brigade.
Private James Stokes of the 2nd Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry, also of the 185th Brigade, was the second recipient awarded the Victoria Cross in March 1945.
Postwar, the division was reformed on 1 April 1951, in the Suez Canal Zone, under the command of Sir Hugh Stockwell.
It became 3rd Armoured Division in 1976 and served with I (BR) Corps being based at St Sebastian Barracks in Soest near the Möhne Dam from 1977.
The division was given a new role as a mechanised division, becoming 3rd Mechanised Division with headquarters at Bulford, Wiltshire, in 1992.
As 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division it was the only division at continual operational readiness in the United Kingdom (the other at operational readiness being 1st (UK) Armoured Division in Germany).
Under Army 2020, the division was renamed as 3rd (United Kingdom) Division and continued to be based at Bulford Camp and to command the Reaction Force.
This was part of a growing practice for senior officers of the British Army and the United States Army to be assigned as deputy commanders (and effectively liaison officers) in each other's operational units.
On 11 July 2003, the division deployed to Iraq to replace the British 1st Armoured Division, signalling the start of Operation Telic II.
The 3rd Division also controlled numerous other coalition forces in southeast Iraq, including contingents from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Norway.
Conesus Lake Boat Launch is a state park on the east shore of Conesus Lake, one of the minor Finger Lakes, near the village of Livonia in Livingston County, New York.
Early in the 20th century, William Nelson Page, a civil engineer and coal mining manager, joined forces with a silent partner, industrialist financier Henry Huttleston Rogers (a principal of Standard Oil and one of the wealthiest men in the world), to develop the Deepwater Railway, a modest 85-mile long short line railroad to access untapped bituminous coal reserves in some of the most rugged sections of southern West Virginia.
When Page was blocked by collusion of the bigger railroads, who refused to grant reasonable rates to interchange the coal traffic, he did not quit.
As he continued building the original project, to provide their own link, using Rogers' resources and attorneys they quietly incorporated another intrastate railroad in Virginia, the Tidewater Railway.
In this name, they secured the right-of-way needed all the way across Virginia to reach Hampton Roads, where a new coal pier was erected at Sewell's Point.
Merged into the Norfolk and Western Railway in 1959, a large portion of the former VGN remains in service in the 21st century for the Norfolk Southern Railway, a Class I railroad headquartered in Norfolk, near the former Virginian Railway offices in Norfolk Terminal Station.
While other railroads curved and went over hills to get to each town, the Virginian was built mostly for coal and was built as straight and steady in grade as possible.
Page, who was born in Virginia and educated at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, originally came to West Virginia in the 1870s to help build the double-track Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) in the New and Kanawha River Valleys.
A colorful man by all accounts, Colonel Page, as he came to be known, soon became involved in many coal and related enterprises in the mountains of Virginia and West Virginia, settling in the tiny mountain hamlet of Ansted in Fayette County, West Virginia.
Page was one of the more successful men who developed West Virginia's rich bituminous coal fields in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and built railroads to transport the coal.
Henry Huttleston Rogers (1840–1909) was a financier and industrialist who was raised in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, the son of Rowland Rogers, a former ship captain, bookkeeper, and grocer.
In 1861 he and a friend went to the mountains of Pennsylvania, and helped develop oil and natural gas resources there during the U.S. Civil War, eventually becoming one of the key men with John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust and a multi-millionaire.
One of the wealthiest men in the US, Rogers was an energetic entrepreneur, much like the younger Page, and was also involved in many rail and mineral development projects.
Page knew of rich untapped bituminous coal fields lying between the New River Valley and the lower Guyandotte River in southern West Virginia in an area not yet reached by C&O and its major competitor, the Norfolk & Western Railway (N&W).
While the bigger railroads were preoccupied in developing nearby areas and shipping coal via rail to Hampton Roads, Page formed a plan to take advantage of the undeveloped coal lands, with Rogers and several others as investors.
Originally, the Page-Rogers scheme was a short line railroad, the Deepwater Railway, formed in 1898, an intrastate line intended to be only in West Virginia.
Eventually, after establishing relationships to interchange coal traffic with the bigger railroads failed, the Deepwater's right-of-way was extended to reach the West Virginia-Virginia state line near Glen Lyn, Virginia.
In Virginia, another intrastate railroad, the Tidewater Railway, was formed in 1904, with right-of-way across the southern tier of Virginia from Giles County (which borders West Virginia) to Norfolk County on Hampton Roads.
The principal points were Roanoke, Victoria, Suffolk, and Sewell's Point, a rural location where a new coal pier was located on the harbor near Norfolk.
Late in 1906, near the halfway point on the Tidewater Railway between Roanoke and Sewell's Point, a new town with space set aside for railroad offices and shops was created in Lunenburg County, Virginia.
Victoria was the location of a large equipment maintenance operation, with roundhouse, turntable, coaling and water facilities for servicing steam locomotives, and a large yard.
Offices for the VGN's Norfolk Division were built by adding a second floor to the passenger station building a few years later.
The Virginian Railway Company was formed in Virginia on March 8, 1907 to combine the Deepwater Railway in West Virginia and the Tidewater Railway in Virginia into a single interstate railroad, only a few months after Victoria was incorporated.
Work progressed on the VGN throughout 1907 and 1908 using construction techniques not available when the larger railroads had been built about 25 years earlier.
This feat, a key feature of the successful secrecy in securing the route, was not accomplished without some considerable burden to Rogers.
Rogers recovered his health, at least partially, and saw to it that construction was continued on the railroad until it was completed early in 1909.
The last spike in the Virginian Railway was driven on January 29, 1909, at the west side of the massive New River Bridge at Glen Lyn, near where the railroad crossed the West Virginia-Virginia state line.
Together, they had conceived and built a modern, well-engineered railroad from the coal mines of West Virginia to tidewater at Hampton Roads.
Mr. Rogers left his heirs and employees with a marvelous new railroad which remained closely held until 1937; his son and sons-in-law such as Urban H. Broughton and William R. Coe were among its leaders.
The VGN had a very major grade at Clark's Gap, West Virginia, and tried large steam locomotives before turning to an alternative already in use by one of its neighboring competitors, Norfolk & Western Railway: a railway electrification system.
With work authorized beginning in 1922, a 134-mile portion of the railroad in the mountains from Mullens, West Virginia over Clark's Gap and several other major grades to Roanoke, Virginia was equipped with overhead wires supported by a catenary system.
The 36 initial units were normally linked in groups of three as one set, and had much greater load capacity than the steam power they replaced.
The seemingly remotely located terminal Page and Rogers planned and built at Sewell's Point played an important role in 20th-century U.S. naval history.
Beginning in 1917 the former Jamestown Exposition grounds adjacent to the VGN coal pier was an important facility for the United States Navy.
In the mid-1950s VGN management realized that the company's devotion to coal as its energy source (for steam locomotives and the power plant at Narrows for the electrification system) was becoming overshadowed by the economies of diesel-electric locomotives and a scarcity of parts for the older steam locomotives.
Between 1954 and 1957 a total of 66 diesel-electric locomotives were purchased, including 25 Fairbanks-Morse H-24-66 Train Masters, and 40 H-16-44 smaller road switchers, two with steam generators to haul passenger trains.
At the end of 1925 VGN operated 545 route-miles on 902 miles of track; at the end of 1956 mileages were 611 and 1089.
Beginning in 1903 Page, West Virginia, named for Col. William Page, was the site of a switching yard, roundhouse, and station on the Deepwater Railway and later the Virginian Railway.
After the railroad eliminated steam locomotives in 1957 and the area's coal mines were largely depleted, the facilities at Page were unneeded.
Mullens and Princeton in West Virginia, and Roanoke, Victoria and Sewell's Point in Virginia were other locations where extensive steam locomotive servicing facilities and roundhouses were also no longer needed after 1957.
The passenger trains in the system's final decade, the 1950s, consisted of separate runs from Page, Virginia to Roanoke; and then, from Roanoke to Norfolk.
The latter route was on a more southerly and more rural itinerary than mainline of the Virginian's major competitor, Norfolk and Western.
During World War I, VGN was jointly operated with its adjacent competitor, the Norfolk & Western Railway (N&W), under the USRA's wartime takeover of the Pocahontas Roads.
However, the US Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) turned down attempts at combining the roads until the late 1950s, when a proposed Norfolk & Western Railway and Virginian Railway merger was approved in 1959.
Other portions of VGN right-of-way in eastern Virginia now transport fresh water and are under study for future high speed passenger rail service to South Hampton Roads from Richmond and Petersburg.
Although one of the smaller fallen flags of U.S. railroads, the Virginian Railway continues to have a loyal following of former employees, modelers, authors, photographers, historians and preservationists.
The Suffolk Passenger Station, which was also used by the Seaboard railroads, has been restored and is in use as a museum.
Similar plans are underway by the local chapter of the National Railway Historical Society in Roanoke for the Virginian Railway Passenger Station.
The Oak Hill Railroad Depot in Oak Hill, West Virginia, the only remaining Virginian station in West Virginia, has also been restored by the local chapter of the National Railway Historical Society.
In May 2003, the Virginian Railway Yard Historic District at Princeton was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
One steam and one electric locomotive have been cosmetically restored, and are on display at the Virginia Museum of Transportation in Roanoke, Virginia.
In October 2002 VGN authors and enthusiasts restored the Mullens, West Virginia Caboose Museum which had been ravaged in one of West Virginia's notorious floods.
In April 2004 children of Boonsboro Elementary School in nearby Bedford, Virginia and the local Kiwanis group in Lynchburg, Virginia teamed to raise funds and work to save the railroad's only surviving original (circa 1910) class C-1 wooden caboose.
342, built by VGN employees in the former Princeton (WV) Shops, was moved to newly laid rails at Victoria, where it is the centerpiece of a new rail heritage park, dedicated in summer 2005.
In May 2003 a Gathering of Rail Friends was held at Victoria, Virginia, home to a museum, with a park with historical interpretations of the roundhouse and turntable sites under development.
In April 2005, the Virginian Railway Coalfield Seminar was held for three days at Twin Falls State Park, near Mullens, West Virginia.
Railfriends from many parts of the United States toured coal mining and railroad facilities for three days on several buses, and participated in presentations and group seminars with a Congressman, local officials, several noted authors and historians.
In early 2012, Norfolk Southern announced a program to paint selected units of new GE ES44AC and EMD SD70ACe orders into heritage paint schemes for predecessor roads.
In 2015, a portion of the former Virginian in the state of West Virginia, was mothballed by Norfolk Southern due to a decline in coal shipments.
In May 2016, WATCO Companies entered an agreement with Norfolk Southern to lease most of the remaining active line in West Virginia between Maben and Deepwater and operate it under the Kanawha River Railroad (KNWA) to load trains from Norfolk Southern at three mines on their system.
The section between Maben and Mullens remains under Norfolk Southern control, with trackage rights for KNWA trains to interchange with NS at Elmore Yard.
North Melbourne is bounded by the CityLink freeway to the west, Victoria Street to the south, O'Connell and Peel Streets to the east and Flemington Road to the north.
Since July 2008 its local government area has been the City of Melbourne, when it took over the administration of parts of Kensington and North Melbourne that were previously under the City of Moonee Valley, resulting in an increase of approximately 4760 residents and almost 3000 workers (2006 Census).
Formerly known as Hotham, it was essentially a working class area, with some middle class pockets, and was one of the first towns in Victoria to be granted Municipal status.
At this time the area was not well defined and included Parkville and Royal Park, as well as a part of West Melbourne.
In the 1850s a Benevolent Asylum was built between Abbotsford and Curzon Streets, coinciding with the desire to find space to accommodate the growing population from the gold rush.
In 1869 some of these decided to form the Hotham Football Club that later became a foundation member of the VFA (Australian rules football) today known as the North Melbourne Kangaroos.
On 26 August 1887 the Borough was renamed North Melbourne Town, after the completion of the imposing North Melbourne Town Hall and the Metropolitan Meat Market.
Although there were pockets of middle class housing in the wider tree-lined streets such as Dryburgh, Chapman and Brougham, by the 1880s the suburb had become a predominantly working class area with most of the male population employed in local industry.
In the 1890s tram routes had entered the area as far as Abbotsford Street, walking distance from the Arden Street Oval.
More recent arrivals are refugees from countries such as Somalia and Eritrea; they live around the government-owned housing estates near the Melrose Street area, on the suburb's fringe.
At the , 41.7% of residents reported being born in Australia, compared to the national average of 66.7%; the next most common countries of birth were China 13.5%, Malaysia 2.9%, Vietnam 2.4%, England 2.3% and New Zealand 2.2%.
Residents of North Melbourne are significantly younger than most other areas; their median age was 28 years, compared to the national median age of 38.
Children aged under 15 years made up 10.5% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up just 7.1% of the population.
Notable churches in North Melbourne include the Curzon Street Church (now known as St Mark the Evangelist), St Mary's Anglican Church and the ornate Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral, built in 1963, on the high section of Dryburgh Street.
North Melbourne was slower to gentrify than other inner suburbs, due to established families resisting the sale of their homes for decades.
Since 2000, there has been a large increase in new medium density apartment complexes being built and house prices now exceed Melbourne's median.
The club's football department and training sessions are based at its traditional home ground at North Melbourne Cricket Ground, which has recently been redeveloped.
Despite the naming, the North Melbourne railway station is actually in the adjacent suburb of West Melbourne, while the Flemington Bridge railway station is within North Melbourne boundaries and not in Flemington.
The Arden railway station is planned to be built on Arden Road within North Melbourne's industrial area as part of the Melbourne Metro Rail Project.
The Victorian Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Victoria in Australia; the upper house being the Victorian Legislative Council.
Victoria was proclaimed a Colony on 1 July 1851 separating from the Colony of New South Wales by an act of the British Parliament.
On the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, the Parliament of Victoria continued except that the colony was now called a state.
This enabled the factions in the party to field competing candidates without splitting the vote by keeping preferences within the party.
The Legislative Assembly presently consists of 88 members, each elected in single-member electoral districts, more commonly known as electorates or seats, using preferential voting, which is the same voting system used for the federal lower house, the Australian House of Representatives.
Members of the Legislative Assembly are elected for a fixed term of 4 years, with elections occurring on the last Saturday of November every 4 years.
At the beginning of each new parliamentary term, the Legislative Assembly elects one of its members as a presiding officer, known as the Speaker.
If the incumbent Speaker seeks a new term, then the House may re-elect him or her merely by passing a motion; otherwise, a secret ballot is held.
In practice, the Speaker is usually a member of the governing party or parties, who have the majority in the House.
The Speaker continues to be a member of his or her political party, but it is left to their individual discretion as to whether or not they attend party meetings.
The Speaker also continues to carry out his or her ordinary electorate duties as a member of Parliament and must take part in an election campaign to be re-elected as a member of Parliament.
A Deputy Speaker is also elected by the Assembly, who supports and assists the Speaker in the execution of their duties.
The Legislative Assembly is also supported by a department of civil servants who provide procedural and administrative advice on the running of the Assembly, and performs other functions.
The head of the department is the Clerk of the Assembly, who is assisted by a deputy clerk, an assistant clerk committees and an assistant clerk procedure.
The party or coalition with a majority of seats in the lower house is invited by the Governor to form government.
As Australian political parties traditionally vote along party lines, most legislation introduced by the governing party will pass through the legislative assembly.
It was transformed into a densely populated district of high rise apartment and office buildings beginning in the early 1990s, as part of an urban renewal program.
With the exceptions of the cultural precinct along St Kilda Road, few buildings built before this time were spared by redevelopment.
It is also one of the most densely populated areas of Melbourne, with a large cluster of apartment towers, including Australia's tallest tower measured to its highest floor, the Australia 108.
Southbank Promenade and Southgate Restaurant and Shopping Precinct, on the southern bank of the Yarra River, extending to Crown Casino, is one of Melbourne's major entertainment precincts.
From European settlement the area which is now Southbank consisted of some old factories, warehouses and wharves, mostly built between the 1860s–1920s when the area was part of the first port of Melbourne.
It had several bridges connecting it to the city, the first being the original Princes Bridge and later the Sandridge Bridge, which was formerly part of the Port Melbourne railway line from 1888 to 1987.
The Arts Centre precinct opened in the 1980s on former parkland, which was once used as an amusement park and featured the Southgate Fountain.
In part, this was aimed at stimulating development in a period when Melbourne was experiencing an acute economic downturn during the global recession on 1991–92.
Southgate, Sheraton Towers and new tall office buildings for The Herald & Weekly Times Ltd and IBM were built along with an award-winning pedestrian footbridge at about the same time in late 1992, and combined with a new Sunday arts and crafts market, attracted locals and tourists to the area.
Since then, the pylon underneath the award-winning Southbank Pedestrian Bridge has been utilised and is now home to Ponyfish Island cafe.
Development expanded along the Yarra River westward, with the Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre in 1996 and Crown Casino in 1997, stimulating the first residential towers.
The arts precinct was extended with the construction of the award-winning buildings for the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art in 2002 and the Victorian College of the Arts school of drama.
Central Equity continued construction of several blocks of apartment buildings on much of the Southbank land, which it had acquired including Riverside Place, The Summit, Sentinel, Victoria Tower, Melbourne Tower and City Tower.
Central Equity apartments are aimed at both the owner occupier and rental market with management provided by Melbourne Inner City Management (MICM), a fully owned subsidiary of Central Equity.
With a boom in apartment building and the success of the Melburnian, the areas closer to the river began to attract developers.
The 91 floor Eureka Tower was begun in 2002, aimed at being the tallest residential tower in the world and was completed in 2006.
As part of the initial construction of Southgate, St Johns Lutheran Church relocated from the land that is now the site of the Herald Sun building a few metres up City Road, to 20 City Road, and serves the Southbank community as a church and spiritual centre.
A plaza linked to the north bank and Flinders Street railway station via a pedestrian and cycle path developed from the Sandridge Bridge.
The formerly disused bridge was opened to the public on 12 March 2006, just in time for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
In May 2008 the Victorian Government created the new suburb place and name ‘South Wharf’, in the western end of Southbank (now encompassing the Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre and the Polly Woodside National Trust museum).
Despite being dominated by modern apartments and office towers Southbank has a number of significant heritage buildings existing in the Arts precinct, on the eastern end and along St Kilda Road, which includes former Repatriation Commission Outpatient Clinic, the Victorian Arts Centre and National Gallery of Victoria (1960s), parts of the Victorian College of the Arts campus as well as the Victoria Barracks and Malthouse Theatre.
The studios are serviced by shows like 774 ABC Melbourne, 621 ABC Radio National, ABC Classic FM 105.9, Triple J 107.5, and television programs such as Stateline, ABC News Victoria and also with other programs such as Spicks & Specks, East of Everything, as well as entertainment, arts, documentaries and more, plus international broadcasts Radio Australia and Australia Network.
Southbank has a network of major roads running through it and is often heavily congested with traffic and limited mainly to offstreet multi-storey parking.
Although Southbank promenade forms part of the Capital City Bicycle Trail, the large number of pedestrians in the area means bicycle riding at high speed is hazardous; 10 km/h speed restrictions affecting cyclists are in place, with Victoria Police enforcing the speed limit.
Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky (; in Astrakhan – in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian poet, essayist and playwright who helped lay the foundations of classical Russian literature.
The son of a poor priest, Trediakovsky became the first Russian commoner to receive a humanistic education abroad, at the Sorbonne in Paris (1727–30) where he studied philosophy, linguistics and mathematics.
It discussed for the first time in Russian literature such poetic genres as the sonnet, the rondeau, the madrigal, and the ode.
His translations frequently aroused the ire of the censors, and he fell into disfavour with his Academy superiors and conservative court circles.
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language.
Old East Slavic adopted the Cyrillic script, approximately during the 10th century and at about the same time as the introduction of Eastern Christianity into the territories inhabited by the Eastern Slavs.
No distinction was drawn between the vernacular language and the liturgical, though the latter was based on South Slavic rather than Eastern Slavic norms.
The emergence of the centralized Russian state in the 15th and 16th centuries, the consequent rise of the state bureaucracy along with the development of the common economic, political and cultural space necessitated the standardization of the language used in administrative and legal affairs.
It was due to that reason that the earliest attempts at standardizing Russian, both in terms of the vocabulary and in terms of the orthography were made, initially based on the so-called Moscow chancery language.
From then and on the underlying logic of language reforms in Russia reflected primarily the considerations of standardizing and streamlining language norms and rules in order to ensure the language's role as a practical tool of communication and administration.
However, with the replacement of Ѧ with Я and the effective elimination of several letters (Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѡ) and all diacritics and accents (with the exception of й) from secular usage and the use of Arabic numerals instead of Cyrillic numerals there appeared for the first time a visual distinction between Russian and Church Slavonic writing.
With the strength of the historic tradition diminishing, Russian spelling in the 18th century became rather inconsistent, both in practice and in theory, as Mikhail Lomonosov advocated a morphological orthography and Vasily Trediakovsky a phonemic one.
Attempts to reduce spelling inconsistency culminated in the standard textbook of Grot (1885), which retained its authority through 21 editions until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
His fusion of the morphological, phonetic, and historic principles of Russian orthography remains valid to this day, though both the Russian alphabet and the writing of many individual words have been altered through a complicated but extremely consistent system of spelling rules that tell which of two vowels to use under all conditions.
The most recent major reform of Russian spelling was prepared by Aleksey Shakhmatov and implemented shortly after the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Shakhmatov headed the Assembly for Considering Simplification of the Orthography whose proposals of 11 May 1917 formed the basis of the new rules soon adopted by the Ministry of Popular Education.
The decree was nearly identical to the proposals put forth by the May Assembly, and with other minor modifications formed the substance of the decree issued by the Soviet of People's Commissars in October 1918.
However, in practice, the Soviet government rapidly set up a monopoly on print production and kept a very close eye on the fulfillment of the edict.
A common practice was the removal of not just the letters І, Ѳ, and Ѣ from printing offices, but also Ъ.
Because of this, the usage of the apostrophe as a dividing sign became widespread in place of ъ (e.g., под’ём, ад’ютант instead of подъём, адъютант), and came to be perceived as a part of the reform (even if, from the point of view of the letter of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars, such uses were mistakes).
Nonetheless, some academic printings (connected with the publication of old works and documents and printings whose typesetting began before the revolution) came out in the old orthography (except title pages and, often, prefaces) up until 1929.
The reform resulted in some economy in writing and typesetting, due to the exclusion of Ъ at the end of words—by the reckoning of Lev Uspensky, text in the new orthography was shorter by one-thirtieth.
The reform removed pairs of completely homophonous graphemes from the Russian alphabet (i.e., Ѣ and Е; Ѳ and Ф; and the trio of И, I and Ѵ), bringing the alphabet closer to Russian's actual phonological system.
A codification of the rules of Russian orthography and punctuation was published in 1956 but only a few minor orthographic changes were introduced at that time.
The 1956 codification additionally included a clarification of new rules for punctuation developed during the 1930s, and which had not been mentioned in the 1918 decree.
Following the renewed discussion in papers and journals a new Orthographic Commission began work in 1962, under the Russian Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
The publication resulted in widespread debate in newspapers, journals, and on radio and television, as well as over 10,000 letters, all of which were passed to the Institute.
Responses to the article pointed to the need to simplify Russian spelling due to the use of Russian as the language of international communication in the Soviet Union and an increased study of Russian in the Eastern Bloc as well as in the West.
Additionally, Efimov claimed that a disproportionate amount of primary school class time was devoted to orthography, rather than phonetics and morphology.
The state's focus on proper instruction in Russian, as the national language of ethnic Russians, as the state language, and as the language of international communication continues to the present day.
The 4th Infantry Division was a regular infantry division of the British Army with a very long history, seeing active service in the Peninsular War, the Crimean War, the First World War, and during the Second World War.
It was disbanded after the war and reformed in the 1950s as an armoured formation before being disbanded and reformed again and finally disbanded on 1 January 2012.
The 4th Division was originally formed in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, for service in the Peninsular War.
It fought in the Battle of Talavera and the Battle of Salamanca, Battle of Badajoz and the Battle of Roncesvalles, Battle of Vitoria, Battle of the Pyrenees, Battle of Orthez, Battle of Toulouse.
At the Battle of Waterloo it was tasked with holding Wellington's right flank and, with the exception of its 4th brigade, took no active part in the fighting, but did capture the town of Cambrai afterwards.
The Division was also called for service during the Crimean War fought between the allied forces of the United Kingdom, French Empire and the Ottoman Empire on one side and Russia on the other.
It saw action in the Battle of Alma the Battle of Inkerman and the Battle of Balaclava, fought on 25 October 1854 (famous for the Charge of the Light Brigade and the Thin Red Line).
As a permanently established Regular Army division it was amongst the first to be sent to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force at the outbreak of the First World War.
It served on the Western Front for the duration of the war and was present during all the major offensives including the Battle of the Marne, Battle of Ypres, Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Passchendaele.
From early November 1915 until February 1916 the 12th Brigade was swapped with the 107th Brigade of the 36th (Ulster) Division.
Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 the 4th Division, under Major General Dudley Johnson, who had won the Victoria Cross (VC) in the Great War, was sent to the border between France and Belgium as part of Lieutenant-General Alan Brooke's II Corps of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).
All three of the division's brigades were commanded by distinguished soldiers, the 10th by Brigadier Evelyn Barker, the 11th by Brigadier Kenneth Anderson and the 12th by Brigadier John Hawkesworth.
After the disastrous Battle of France in May–June 1940, where the division sustained heavy losses, and the evacuation at Dunkirk, it spent the next two years in the United Kingdom on anti-invasion duties and training for its next deployment.
In June 1942 the division, now under Major General John Hawkesworth, was selected to be converted into a 'mixed' division, consisting of two infantry brigades and one tank brigade.
As a result of this change, the divisions' 11th Infantry Brigade left the division and was replaced by the 21st Army Tank Brigade.
The division departed for North Africa in early 1943, arriving in Tunisia in March, coming under Lieutenant-General John Crocker's IX Corps, part of the British First Army.
During the Tunisian Campaign it was involved in Operation Vulcan, the final ground attack against Axis forces in North Africa which ended the North African Campaign, with the surrender of nearly 250,000 German and Italian soldiers.
After the Axis defeat in North Africa, in May 1943, the division was to remain there for the next 9 months, during which time it was converted back into a standard infantry division, with the 28th Infantry Brigade, consisting mainly of Regular Army battalions who had served on garrison duties in Gibraltar, arriving to replace the 21st Tank Brigade.
The division arrived on the Italian Front in late February 1944, relieving the British 46th Infantry Division, initially coming under command of Lieutenant-General Richard McCreery's British X Corps, then serving under the U.S. Fifth Army.
The division, now under the command of Major-General Alfred Dudley Ward, fought with distinction at the fourth and final Battle of Monte Cassino in May 1944, and later in severe fighting in the battles for the Gothic Line.
However, in November 1944 it was dispatched, with the rest of III Corps, to Greece to provide assistance during the Greek Civil War, and was to remain there until the end of the war in Europe in May 1945.
The Division was reformed from 11th Armoured Division on 1 April 1956, and took on 20th Armoured Brigade Group from the disbanding 6th Armoured Division in May 1958.
It was renamed 4th Armoured Division and served with I (BR) Corps being based at Hammersmith Barracks in Herford from 1978.
The Division was reformed again in 1995 as a regenerative division – a military district in all but name – that served as the parent formation for units in Southern England.
He was a long-serving Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Division of Bowman, Queensland, from 1975 to 1983 and Fadden, Queensland, from 1984 to 2007.
He was an announcer on radio and television from 1963 to 1965 and then a director of television station TVQ, Brisbane until he entered politics.
Jull was chair of the Parliamentary Committee on the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation 1997–2002, and of its successor, the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security (formerly the Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS and DSD), since 2002.
In this capacity he presided over the Committee's inquiry into the performance of the Australian intelligence services in relation to Iraq's weapons of mass destruction in 2003–04.
Jull was diagnosed with lung cancer, and in 2005 underwent surgery to remove one of his lungs, He retired from Parliament at the 2007 election.
The origins of the creature are not described in Tolkien's works, but critics have compared it to squids, the legendary kraken, and to Odysseus's passage between the devouring Scylla and the whirlpool Charybdis.
During their journey, they face two evil choices to cross the Misty Mountains: over the mountain of Caradhras through the Redhorn Gate, or through Moria, a dark labyrinth of tunnels and pits.
They first try the mountain pass, but the weather proves too severe, and the Fellowship turn back and approach Moria's West Gate, beside which the Watcher lived in a lake.
When the party begins to enter Moria, the Watcher seizes Frodo Baggins with a long, pale-green, luminous, fingered tentacle, succeeded by twenty more.
Tolkien's account of the creature at this stage is practically the same as in the final published version, except for the names of other characters.
Its emergence, physical appearance, abilities, attack on the Fellowship, and rupture of the Moria Gate are already present in his initial writings.
Essayist Allison Harl speculates that the Watcher may be a kraken created and bred by Morgoth in Utumno and that Watcher in the Water represents itself as a gatekeeper whose goal, in the context of the archetypal journey, is to guard the Doors of Durin keeping the heroes from entering into new territory, psychologically or spiritually.
In Jackson's adaptation, the Watcher is portrayed as a colossal, octopus-like monster with a gaping mouth and rows of sharp teeth.
Here, too, it grabs Frodo with its tentacles as described in the book, and reaches for the rest of the Fellowship following Frodo's rescue.
Peter Jackson revealed in the commentaries that the original idea was to have Bill the Pony dragged under water by the Watcher; but this was changed.
Originally, they planned to have an even longer version of the flashback in which Gandalf recounts his fight with the Balrog in Moria; this flashback would reveal that the underground lake at the bottom of the abyss cushioned the fall of Gandalf and the Balrog, who then (as in the book) continue to fight.
Moreover, in the concept art gallery feature on the DVD, John Howe and Alan Lee explain that the Watcher was one of the most difficult creatures to design, because it lacked virtually any description.
The canonical Watcher is fought upon reaching the Doors of Durin; the other two as bonus bosses encountered on a side-path.
The civil and ecclesiastical parish boundaries are roughly coterminous, and include the hamlets of Draycott, Paxford and Aston Magna, the residential development at Northwick and the deserted hamlets of Upton and Upper Ditchford.
In AD 855 King Burgred of Mercia granted a monastery at Blockley to Ealhhun, Bishop of Worcester for the price of 300 solidi.
After the restoration of the English monarchy the estate was restored to the Bishop of Worcester, whose successors held the manor until at least 1781.
The ecclesiastical parish now forms part of the Vale and Cotswold Edge team of Church of England churches, with the Team Vicar remaining responsible for Blockley and its outlying villages of Paxford, Draycott and Aston Magna, as well as the parish of Bourton-on-the-Hill.
Much of the parish was farmed under an open field system until 1772, when an Act of Parliament provided for the enclosure of the remaining common lands.
In May 2008, under a co-operative agreement, the village residents opened a new local not for profit store that is a grocer, newsagent, post office, off-licence and café.
It is mainly found in the meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet) in the Himalayan regions of Nepal, Bhutan, India and Tibet.
However, the fruiting bodies harvested in nature usually contain high amounts of arsenic and other heavy metals so they are potentially toxic and sales have been strictly regulated by the CFDA (China Food and Drug Administration) since 2016.
The hand-collected, intact fungus-caterpillar body is valued by herbalists as medicine, and because of its cost, its use is also a status symbol.
Additional research needs to be carried out in order to understand its morphology and growth habits for conservation and optimum utilization.
The stroma is the upper fungal part and is dark brown or black, but can be a yellow color when fresh, and longer than the caterpillar itself, usually 4–10 cm.
The asci are cylindrical or slightly tapering at both ends, and may be straight or curved, with a capitate and hemispheroid apex, and may be two to four spored.
The fungus is reported from the northern range of Nepal, Bhutan, and also from the northern states of India, apart from northern Yunnan, eastern Qinghai, eastern Tibet, western Sichuan, southwestern Gansu provinces.
The stalk-like dark brown to black fruiting body (or mushroom) grows out of the head of the dead caterpillar and emerges from the soil in alpine meadows by early spring.
The caterpillars, which live underground feeding on roots, are most vulnerable to the fungus after shedding their skin, during late summer.
In late autumn, chemicals on the skin of the caterpillar interact with the fungal spores and release the fungal mycelia, which then infects the caterpillar.
After over-wintering, the fungus ruptures the host body, forming the fruiting body, a sexual sporulating structure (a perithecial stroma) from the larval head that is connected to the sclerotia (dead larva) below ground and grows upward to emerge from the soil to complete the cycle.
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is regarded as having an excellent balance of yin and yang as it is considered to be composed of both an animal and a vegetable.
In 2004 the value of a kilogram of caterpillars was estimated at about 30,000 to 60,000 Nepali rupees in Nepal, and about Rs 100,000 in India.
A 2012 BBC article indicated that in north Indian villages a single fungus was worth Rs 150 (about £2 or $3), which is more than the daily wage of a manual labourer.
Because of its high value, inter-village conflicts over access to its grassland habitats has become a headache for the local governing bodies and in several cases people were killed.
In November 2011, a court in Nepal convicted 19 villagers over the murder of a group of farmers during a fight over the prized aphrodisiac fungus.
Its value gave it a role in the Nepalese Civil War, as the Nepalese Maoists and government forces fought for control of the lucrative export trade during the June–July harvest season.
By 2002, the 'herb' was valued at R 105,000 ($1,435) per kilogram, allowing the government to charge a royalty of R 20,000 ($280) per kilogram.
While it has been collected for centuries and is still common in such areas, current collection rates are much higher than in historical times.
It was established by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington for service in the Peninsular War, as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, and was active for most of the period since, including the First World War and the Second World War and was disbanded soon after.
The division was reformed in 1995 as an administrative division covering Wales and the English regions of West Midlands, East Midlands and East.
The 5th Division during the Peninsular War under the command of General James Leith was present at most of the major engagements including the Battle of Bussaco, the Battle of Sabugal, the Siege of Almeida, the Battle of Badajoz, the Battle of Salamanca, the Battle of Vitoria, the Siege of San Sebastian, the Battle of Nivelle and the Battle of the Nive.
The division was also present during the Waterloo Campaign first seeing action at the Battle of Quatre Bras then at the Battle of Waterloo under the command of Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton.
The 5th Division under the command of General Sir Charles Warren joined up with the Natal Field Force shortly after the Battle of Colenso and were a part of the relieving army of the besieged Ladysmith.
He was succeeded by General Arthur Wynne who was later wounded at the Battle of the Tugela Heights and succeeded by Colonel Walter Kitchener.
The 5th Division was a permanently established Regular Army division that was amongst the first to be sent to France as part of the original British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at the outbreak of the First World War.
The 5th Division, as a Regular Army formation (one of the Old Contemptibles) fought in many of the major battles of the Western Front from the Battle of Mons in 1914, the later stages of the Somme offensive, including the first battle using tanks, up to the Battle of the Selle in 1918.
The 13th Brigade was temporarily under the command of 28th Division between 23 February and 7 April 1915, when it was replaced by 84th Brigade from that Division.
The 15th Brigade was temporarily under the command of 28th Division between 3 March and 7 April 1915, when it was replaced by 83rd Brigade from that division.
The 5th Division was unusual among other British divisions in that no battle patches were worn on their tunics or helmets, aside from those briefly worn by New Army battalions bringing them from their former division.
Upon the outbreak of the Second World War, in September 1939, the 5th Infantry Division was a Regular Army formation, commanded by Major-General Harold Franklyn, who had been in command since 1938.
Both of its infantry brigades (the 13th and 15th) went to France to join the rest of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in early October 1939 as independent infantry brigades, but the divisional Headquarters crossed to France on 19 December 1939, coming under the command of Lieutenant-General Alan Brooke's II Corps from 23 December.
By the new year of 1940 the division was reformed with three infantry brigades –the 13th, 15th and 17th, all commanded by men who would achieve high rank in the next few years.
The 13th was commanded by Brigadier Miles Dempsey, the 15th by Brigadier Horatio Berney-Ficklin, and the 17th by Brigadier Montagu Stopford.
Throughout the early months of 1940 the division saw some changing of units, as the Territorial Army (TA) divisions began to arrive in France from the United Kingdom.
This was part of official BEF policy, based on experience from the Great War, and was intended to strengthen the inexperienced TA formations with experienced Regulars, although at the same time diluting the strength of the Regular divisions with inexperienced TA units.
In mid-April the 15th Brigade was sent to Norway and fought, very briefly, in the unsuccessful Norwegian Campaign, evacuating from there and arriving in the United Kingdom in early May, but did not rejoin the 5th Division until 3 July 1940.
The division, having sustained very heavy losses, remained in the United Kingdom for the next 21 months, with most of 1940 being spent in Scotland under Scottish Command, reforming in numbers and being brought up to strength with large numbers of conscripts, alongside training in anti-invasion duties and preparing for Operation Sea Lion, the German invasion of the United Kingdom which never arrived.
In late March 1941 the division, now under the command of Major-General Horatio Berney-Ficklin, who had taken over in July 1940 (and previously commanded the 15th Brigade), was sent to Northern Ireland, coming under command of Lieutenant-General James Marshall-Cornwall's III Corps, under overall control of British Troops Northern Ireland, and, as in Scotland, continued training to repel a German invasion there (see Operation Green).
In April 1942 the 13th and 17th Infantry Brigades and a portion of the divisional troops were detached to 'Force 121' for Operation Ironclad, the invasion of Vichy French held Madagascar.
It was sent from the United Kingdom to India for three months and then to Middle East Command, where it spent time under the command of British III Corps, now under Lieutenant-General Desmond Anderson, as part of the British Tenth Army, under overall control of Persia and Iraq Command, where it trained in mountain warfare.
In mid-February 1943 the division was sent to Syria, remaining there for the next four months, and later Egypt, where it came under the command of British XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey (who earlier had commanded the 13th Brigade in France and Belgium in 1940), which was part of the British Eighth Army, under General Sir Bernard Montgomery.
The division, serving again alongside the 50th Division, began training in amphibious operations in preparation for Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily.
The 5th Division saw action during the invasion of Sicily where, towards the end of the campaign, in early August, the divisional commander, Major-General Berney-Ficklin, who had commanded the division since July 1940, was replaced by Major-General Gerard Bucknall.
The division was pulled out of the line and absorbed replacements, and invaded the Italian mainland in Operation Baytown on 3 September (four years since Britain's entry into the war), still as part of XIII Corps of the Eighth Army, but now serving alongside the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, and advanced up the spine of Italy.
Later in the year, the division fought in the Moro River Campaign, although sustaining relatively light casualties in comparison to the other Allied formations involved.
Progress for the Allied Armies in Italy (AAI), commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander, towards the end of 1943 had slowed down considerably, due mainly to a combination of worsening weather, stiffening German resistance and the Winter Line (also known as the Gustav Line, a series of formidable defences the Germans had created).
Therefore, in early January 1944 the division was transferred from the Eighth Army, now under Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese, to the western end of Italy to join Lieutenant-General Richard McCreery's British X Corps.
X Corps, stationed along the Garigliano river, was part of Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark's U.S. Fifth Army at the time.
The division, now commanded by Major-General Philip Gregson-Ellis and with the veteran 201st Guards Brigade under command, crossed the Garigliano river as part of the First Battle of Monte Cassino.
In March 1944 the division, after holding its positions that it gained during First Cassino, was transferred again, this time to the Anzio bridgehead (or, more appropriately, beachhead) where they came under command of Major General Lucian Truscott's U.S. VI Corps and relieved the battered 56th Division, which was returning to the Middle East.
Although by this time the major battles for the Anzio beachhead were over, the division was involved in minor skirmishing and operating in conditions more reminiscent of the trench warfare of the First World War.
In May the division participated in Operation Diadem and the breakout from Anzio, which led to the capture of the Italian capital of Rome in early June.
During the fighting, Sergeant Maurice Rogers of the 2nd Battalion, Wiltshire Regiment was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, the first and only to be awarded to the 5th Division during the Second World War.
Soon afterwards the division, having sustained just under 3,000 casualties since its arrival at Anzio three months before, was then withdrawn to Palestine, arriving there in mid-July.
The division, now commanded by the relatively young Major-General Richard Hull, who, at the age of 37, was the youngest division commander in the British Army (and later destined to become Chief of the General Staff), returned to Italy in early 1945 where they relieved the British 1st Infantry Division, which had fought alongside the Globetrotters at Anzio.
Soon afterwards, however, the division was transferred to the Western Front in March 1945 to participate in the final stages of the North West Europe Campaign.
Arriving in Belgium just after the British crossing of the Rhine, the division came under command of VIII Corps, under Lieutenant-General Evelyn Barker, part of the British Second Army, under Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, and took part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, closely supported by elements of the 6th Guards Armoured Brigade.
The 5th Division was disbanded in 1946 and was reformed briefly from the 7th Armoured Division in Germany on 16 April 1958, with the 7th and 20th Armoured brigades but was then redesignated the 1st Armoured Division on 30 June 1960.
It was again reformed in the United Kingdom on 1 April 1968, under Army Strategic Command, incorporating the 2nd, 8th, and 39th brigades, but disbanded in 1970.
The 5th Division was reformed as an administrative division – effectively a military district – from North West, Wales, and Western Districts on 1 April 1995.
The division was in charge of the majority of British Army units in Wales, the English West Midlands and South West England.
The 5th Division took command of Headquarters Salisbury Plain Area and 43rd (Wessex) Brigade from 3rd Division on 1 April 1999, and 107 (Ulster) Brigade also fell under its responsibility.
The Manchester Evening News (sometimes abbreviated to the MEN) is a regional daily newspaper covering Greater Manchester in North West England.
Since adopting a 'digital-first' strategy in 2014, the publication has experienced huge online growth, while its average print daily circulation for the first half of 2018 was 36,715.
In 1936, John Russell Scott formed the Scott Trust in order to protect the company from death duties, following the deaths of his father and younger brother Ted in close succession.
The sale was valued at £44.8m – £7.4m in cash and the remainder from GMG extricating itself from a £37.4m decade-long contract with Trinity Mirror to print its regional titles.
In December 2009, the newspaper announced that as of January 2010 the paper would no longer be handed out free Monday to Wednesday in the city centre and other selected locations.
Instead they would be handed out free as previously on Thursdays and Fridays, but would regain their paid-for status in these locations at all other times.
Campion was born in Wellington, New Zealand, the second daughter of Edith Campion (née Beverley Georgette Hannah), an actress, writer, and heiress, and Richard M. Campion, a teacher, and theater and opera director.
Along with Jane's sister, Anna, a year and a half her senior, and brother, Michael, seven years her junior, Campion grew up in the world of New Zealand theater.
But Jane initially rejected the idea of a career in the dramatic arts, graduating instead with a Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology from Victoria University of Wellington in 1975.
She went on to earn a Graduate Diploma in Visual Arts (Painting) from the Sydney College of the Arts at the University of Sydney in 1981.
Campion was shaped in part by her art school education — and has, even in her mature career, cited painter Frida Kahlo and sculptor Joseph Beuys as influences on her work.
In 1981, Campion began studying at the Australian Film, Television and Radio School, where she made several more short films and graduated in 1984.
The mini-series received near universal acclaim with its lead actress Elisabeth Moss winning numerous awards including a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries as well as a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie nomination.
Campion was appointed a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2016 New Year Honours, for services to film.
Two oil-fired boilers fed steam at and to a pair of double reduction geared steam turbines that in turn drove two propeller shafts, with the machinery rated at , giving a speed of .
A Limbo anti-submarine mortar was fitted aft to provide a short-range anti-submarine capability, while a hangar and helicopter deck allowed a single Westland Wasp helicopter to be operated, for longer range anti-submarine and anti-surface operations.
Activities included taking part in the Beira Patrol, covering the withdrawal of British forces from operations off Aden and acting as guardship for Hong Kong.
A pair of quadruple GWS22 SeaCat launchers were fitted aft while the two Bofors guns were retained but moved forward to abreast the ship's mainmast.
The long-range Type 965 radar was removed, with improved navigation and target indicating radars fitted, and the ADAWS 5 computer aided combat direction system added to direct Ikara operations, while the Type 199 VDS was restored.
She did not take part in the 1982 Falklands War, but was deployed as Persian Gulf guard ship; she later completed a four-month deployment around the Falklands as part of the South Atlantic Protection Force in 1984.
She participated in further deployments that culminated in the highlight of her final year in 1985, when she escorted , which took a number of the Royal Family on a tour of Italy.
Her anchor is now located at the local Royal Canadian Legion Branch (Hunt Street) and bell hangs in the Ajax Town Council Chamber in Ajax, Ontario.
It is endemic to the subtropical Southeastern United States, most commonly along the south Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains and sand hills.
It is a hardy plant; extremely slow-growing, and long-lived, with some plants, especially in Florida possibly being as old as 500–700 years.
Saw palmetto is a fan palm, with the leaves that have a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of about 20 leaflets.
The teeth or spines are easily capable of breaking the skin, and protection should be worn when working around a saw palmetto.
A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration found that saw palmetto berry extract given therapeutically, even at double and triple doses, did not improve urinary flow or improve the prostate gland size in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
This suggests that the lack of an effect found in the most recent Cochrane review was due to the differences in the saw palmetto extracts used.
Saw palmetto fibers have been found among materials from indigenous people as far north as Wisconsin and New York, strongly suggesting this material was widely traded prior to European contact.
Robert Carl Katter (born 22 May 1945) is an Australian politician who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 1993.
He was elevated to cabinet in 1983, under Joh Bjelke-Petersen, and served as a government minister until the National Party's defeat at the 1989 state election.
Katter left state politics in 1992, and the following year was elected to federal parliament standing in the Division of Kennedy (his father's old seat).
He resigned from the National Party in the lead-up to the 2001 federal election, and has since been re-elected four more times as an independent and twice for his own party.
Katter was born in Cloncurry, Queensland, the son of Robert Cummin Katter, the member for Kennedy from 1966 to 1990, and his wife, Mabel.
His father, Bob Katter Sr., was an Australian politician who served in the House of Representatives from 1966 to 1990, representing the National Party (originally named the Country Party).
Katter's father was a member of the Australian Labor Party until 1957, when he left during the Labor split of that year.
The younger Katter was a Country Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1974 to 1992, representing Flinders in north Queensland.
He was Minister for Northern Development and Aboriginal and Islander Affairs from 1983 to 1987, Minister for Northern Development, Community Services and Ethnic Affairs from 1987 to 1989, Minister for Community Services and Ethnic Affairs in 1989, Minister for Mines and Energy in 1989, and Minister for Northern and Regional Development for a brief time in 1989 until the Nationals were defeated in that year's election.
While in the Queensland Parliament, Katter junior was a strong supporter of Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen, though he remained in cabinet under Mike Ahern, but ulitimaly resigning from Cabinet along with Russell Cooper.
However, when he transferred to federal politics, he found himself increasingly out of sympathy with the federal Liberal and National parties on economic and social issues.
In 2001, he resigned from the National Party and easily retained his seat as an independent at the general elections of 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010, each time ending up with a percentage vote in the high sixties after preferences were distributed.
He had gone into the election holding the seat with a majority of 18 percent, making it the second-safest seat in Australia.
However, reportedly due to anger at his decision to back Kevin Rudd (ALP) for Prime Minister following Julia Gillard's (Prime Minister) live cattle (Rudd, within weeks, reopened the live export market), Katter still suffered a primary-vote swing of over 17 points.
In the end, Katter was re-elected on Labor preferences, suffering a two-party swing of 16 points to the Liberal National party.
On 15 August 2017 Katter announced that the Turnbull Government could not take his support for granted in the wake of the 2017 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, which ensued over concerns that several MPs held dual citizenship and thus may be constitutionally ineligible to serve in Parliament.
Katter added that if one of the affected MPs, Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce, lost his seat, the Coalition could not count on his support for confidence and supply.
In the 2019 election, Katter was returned to his seat of Kennedy with a swing of 2.9% towards him, in spite of an unfavourable redistribution of his electorate.
His views on economic matters echo 1950s Labor policy as he opposes privatisation and economic deregulation and strongly supporting traditional Country Party (collective) statutory marketing.
He has a very sporadic attendance record in parliament, and by the end of 2019 had only attended 42% of votes on the floor of parliament, the lowest of any member of parliament.
An opponent of the tougher gun control laws introduced in the wake of the 1996 massacre in Port Arthur, Tasmania, Katter was accused in 2001 of signing a petition promoted by the Citizens Electoral Council (CEC), an organisation that claims the Port Arthur massacre was a conspiracy.
He has led protests against the importation of bananas, and constantly challenges the supermarket concentration of power with Coles and Woolworths.
In the aftermath of the 2010 hung federal election, Katter offered a range of views on the way forward for government.
Two other former National Party MPs, both independents from rural electorates, Tony Windsor, Rob Oakeshott decided to support an ALP Government.
His response to the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey result went viral, as Katter found the issue of crocodiles killing people in North Queensland more pressing.
In December 2017, Katter was one of only four members of the House of Representatives to oppose the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Bill 2017 legalising same-sex marriage in Australia.
In 2018, Katter secured market gardens for First Australian (Aboriginal) communities and secured budgeted money for three inland dam-irrigation schemes in North Queensland.
The Walla Walla River is a tributary of the Columbia River, joining the Columbia just above Wallula Gap in southeastern Washington in the United States.
Mill Creek, which flows through the city of Walla Walla, joins the Walla Walla River at the Whitman Mission west of the city of Walla Walla.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) was the first United States overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back—the return expedition stopped at the mouth of the Walla Walla and stayed with the Walla Walla tribe for a portion of the journey, proceeding from there overland to the Snake River.
British explorer David Thompson was the first European to navigate the entire length of the Columbia River, to the Pacific Ocean, in 1811.
Fort Nez Percés (later known as Fort Walla Walla) was a fortified fur trading post on the Columbia River on the territory of modern-day Wallula, Washington.
It was in operation from 1818 until 1857 on the eastern shore of the Columbia River, immediately north of the mouth of the Walla Walla River.
The fort was abandoned in 1857 when the Hudson's Bay Company gave up its Columbia District business in the Oregon Territory.
Work done by Oregon and Washington State governments, federal and state environmental agencies and local watershed councils and groups on the Walla Walla River & the overall catchment area has produced a wide range of studies.
Considerable work has gone into the assessment of water quantity and quality for the purpose of salmon recovery and sustainable irrigation supply.
A highly-connected alluvial groundwater system and its over-abstraction through over-allocated irrigation usage have also acted to influence flows and quality in the Walla Walla River.
The promise of the Walla Walla River lies in its integrated water-management strategy using Managed Aquifer Recharge (Or Shallow Aquifer Recharge) to utilise available non-irrigation season water to replenish groundwater supplies and the over-allocation of groundwater resources by both state governments.
The Walla Walla partnership along with the WWBWC set a national example with this innovative and low-cost alternative to surface storage using dams.
She was a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 until November 2007, representing the Division of Dawson, Queensland.
Kelly was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Transport and Regional Services and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Trade between October 2003 and October 2004, at which time she was appointed Minister for Veterans' Affairs.
She gained the additional position of Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence in November 2004, but was demoted to Parliamentary Secretary (Trade) in January 2006.
Kelly served in this position until September 2006, when she was reappointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Transport and Regional Services.
However, as part of the Labor wave that swept through Queensland in that election, Bidgood defeated her on a swing of more than 13 per cent.
Kelly's defeat came as a surprise to most commentators; due to her large majority, there was no hint she was in any danger.
New York Point is a braille-like system of tactile writing for the blind invented by William Bell Wait (1839–1916), a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind.
When capitals, hyphens, or apostrophes were used, they sometimes caused legibility problems, and a separate capital sign was never agreed upon.
According to Helen Keller, this caused literacy problems among blind children, and was one of the chief arguments against New York Point and in favor of one of the braille alphabets.
Books written in embossed alphabets like braille are quite bulky, and New York Point's system of two horizontal lines of dots was an advantage over the three lines required for braille; the principle of writing the most common letters with the fewest dots was likewise an advantage of New York Point and American Braille over English Braille.
Around 1916, agreement settled on English Braille standardized to French Braille letter order, chiefly because of the superior punctuation compared with New York Point, the speed of reading braille, the large amount of written material available in English Braille compared with American Braille, and the international accessibility offered by following French alphabetical order.
In the charts below, the first row of NYP are graphic images, and the second row are braille cells turned on their side.
Like braille, there are contractions: single letters in NYP that correspond to sequences of letter in print, and sequences in NYP as well when capitalized.
The note is preceded by its octave, which is written as the number plus an upper dot: 5th 8va, 2nd 8va, etc.
Jacqueline Marie Kelly (born 18 February 1964), former Australian politician, was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 until November 2007, representing the Division of Lindsay, New South Wales.
She obtained a law degree from the University of Queensland, where she also attained a 'full blue' for rowing, and later represented Australia in the sport.
From 1989-1996 she was a Legal Officer (Squadron Leader) with the Royal Australian Air Force and in June 1995 she was awarded the Helsham prize for her services to the RAAF Legal Category.
In 1996, Jacqueline 'Jackie' Marie Kelly was elected to the seat of Lindsay, based around the suburb of Penrith on the western fringe of Sydney.
March 1996: The first time Jackie was elected was the general election on 2 March 1996, but she was later disqualified because of her RAAF employment (Subsection (iv) disqualifies those who hold an office of profit under the Crown or receive a Commonwealth pension ‘payable during the pleasure of the Crown’), and not having taken steps to renounce her New Zealand citizenship.
Any person who - (1) Is under any acknowledgement of allegiance, obedience, or adherence to a foreign power, or is a subject or a citizen or entitled to the rights or privileges of a subject or citizen of a foreign power.
October 1996: After ensuring a full resignation from the RAAF before submitting a nomination for election, and a complete citizenship renunciation, Jackie was re-elected at a by-election on 19 October 1996 with an increased majority.
While the first sitting Australian federal parliamentarian to give birth to a child was Ros Kelly in 1983, in 2000 Jackie Kelly became the first serving Australian Federal Minister to give birth to a child (a daughter named Dominique).
When Jackie was the Minister Assisting the Prime Minister (for the Office of the Status of Women), Jackie was instrumental in the development and implementation of the 'Baby Bonus' scheme, introduced in 2002, through to 2007.
In May 2007 Kelly announced her intention to retire from federal politics at the 2007 election to be held later that year.
In February 2014, Kelly unsuccessfully contested the Liberal pre-selection for the seat of Penrith in the NSW parliament, held by Liberal Stuart Ayres.
Kelly then contested Penrith at the 2015 New South Wales election as an independent but was unsuccessful against Liberal incumbent Ayres.
She was in line for selection for the Australian rowing team to the Seoul Olympics in 1988 before Rowing Australia opted not to send a women’s team to Seoul.
In 1986, Kelly represented Australia in the under 23s rowing, Scull, Double scull, as well as the Nationals and she has competed in the 1994 World Masters rowing in Brisbane (2 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze), the 1997 Australian Masters Rowing Championships in Canberra (1 gold, 1 bronze) and the 1997 World Masters Rowing Championships in Adelaide (2 gold).
On 21 November 2007, three days before the federal election, an anonymous member of the Liberal Party contacted the assistant secretary of the ALP, Luke Foley, with information that a flyer linking Foley's party with an fictional Islamic organisation was to be distributed in letterboxes throughout the suburb of St Marys by Liberal members.
Kelly's husband Gary Clark was caught with four other people in the electorate of Lindsay about to letter-box some fake pamphlets purporting to be from an Islamic group (which did not exist), and thanking the Labor Party for supporting Muslim terrorists.
Two Liberal Party members (including Jeff Egan, and the husband of the Liberal candidate for Lindsay Greg Chijoff) were forced to resign from the party.
The British Empire Economic Conference (also known as the Imperial Economic Conference or Ottawa Conference) was a 1932 conference of British colonies and the autonomous dominions held to discuss the Great Depression.
The meeting also worked to establish a zone of limited tariffs within the British Empire, but with high tariffs with the rest of the world.
This abandonment of open free trade led to a split in the British National Government coalition: the Official Liberals under Herbert Samuel left the Government, but the National Liberals under Sir John Simon remained.
The conference was especially notable for its adoption of Keynesian ideas such as lowering interest rates, increasing the money supply, and expanding government spending.
It was the last Imperial Conference that any Irish government participated in, and also the last that Newfoundland attended as an independent Dominion.
At first all boats were built of plywood, but since 1998 fibreglass, and fibreglass variants have been used, and now over half of new boats are of fibreglass or composite (fibreglass and wood) construction.
The market's history dates to the founding of the capital city of Shahjahanabad when Emperor Shah Jahan established the Red Fort on the banks of the Yamuna River besides his new capital.
The original Chandni Chowk, half-moon-shaped square, itself was located in front of Municipal Townhall and its reflection use to shine in the moonlit water pool located in front of it.
A shallow water channel was built from Yamuna, which ran through the middle of the straight road currently known as the Chandani Chowk Bazaar, with road and shops on either side of the channel.
Chandni Chowk, or the Moonlight Square, and its three Bazaar were designed and established by Princess Jahanara Begum, Shah Jahan’s favourite daughter, in 1650 CE.
The bazaar shaped as a square was given elegance by the presence of a pool in the centre of the complex.
Now the whole straight road which runs through the middle of the walled city, from the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort to Fatehpuri Masjid is called Chandani Chowk.
Chandni Chowk's specialty is its variety and authenticity: food, delicacies and sweets of more than 1,000 kinds, sarees with chikan and zari.
At its Southern end (and close to the Jama Masjid, Delhi) is Bazaar Guliyan where about a hundred shops selling metallic and wooden statues, sculptures, bells, handicrafts are located, Nai Sarak is the wholesale market for stationery, books, paper and decorative materials.
Located at the western end of Chandni Chowk, Khari Baoli is a street entirely dedicated to all kinds of spices, dried fruits, nuts, herbs, grains, lentils, pickles and preserves/murabbas.
In 2018, the Bollywood movie Rajma Chawal starring Amyra Dastur, Rishi Kapoor, Aparshakti Khurana, Raja Hasan, Mukesh Chhabra, Nirmal Rishi, Harish Khanna had its extensive section of the film shot in Lachu Ram Ki Haveli.
Shahjahanabad Redevelopment Corporation [29], under the auspices of the Government of the NCT of Delhi, is the agency carrying out this task.
The redevelopment plan was supposed to have been completed before the 2010 Commonwealth Games but has been delayed for various reasons.
As a part of the redevelopment, a multilevel parking cum commercial complex is coming up at Gandhi Maidan in Chandni Chowk.
This multilevel parking cum commercial complex would be an eight-storeyed building with three basements covering 18,524 square meter area at a cost of Rs 1,000 crore on a PPP model with a Leading Real estate developer Omaxe .the project that has a capacity to accommodate over 2,300 cars.
He is currently wanted by the United States government for his alleged involvement in the June 14, 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847.
On October 10, 2001, Izz-Al-Din, along with two other alleged participants in the hijacking, was placed on the initial list of the FBI's top 22 Most Wanted Terrorists, which was released to the public by President George W. Bush.
Minimal music (also called minimalism) is a form of art music or other compositional practice that employs limited or minimal musical materials.
Prominent features of the approach may include repetitive patterns, rhythmic pulses, steady drones, consonant harmony, and reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units.
It is marked by a non-narrative, non-teleological, and non-representational approach, and call attention to the activity of listening by focusing on the internal processes of the music.
In the Western art music tradition, the American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass are credited with being among the first to develop compositional techniques that exploit a minimal approach.
The movement originally involved dozens of composers, although only five (Young, Riley, Reich, Glass, and later John Adams) emerged to become publicly associated with American minimal music.
In Europe, the music of Louis Andriessen, Karel Goeyvaerts, Michael Nyman, Howard Skempton, Gavin Bryars, Steve Martland, Henryk Górecki, Arvo Pärt and John Tavener exhibits minimalist traits.
Steve Reich has suggested that it is attributable to Michael Nyman, an assertion that two scholars, Jonathan Bernard, and Dan Warburton, have also made in writing.
It includes, by definition, any music that works with limited or minimal materials: pieces that use only a few notes, pieces that use only a few words of text, or pieces written for very limited instruments, such as antique cymbals, bicycle wheels, or whiskey glasses.
It includes pieces that permit all possible pitches, as long as they fall between C and D. It includes pieces that slow the tempo down to two or three notes per minute.
Others who have been associated with this compositional approach include Michael Nyman, Howard Skempton, John White, Dave Smith and Michael Parsons.
Among African-American composers, the minimalist aesthetic was embraced by figures such as jazz musician John Lewis and multidisciplinary artist Julius Eastman.
In Glass's case, these ensembles comprise organs, winds—particularly saxophones—and vocalists, while Reich's works have more emphasis on mallet and percussion instruments.
Most of Adams's works are written for more traditional European classical music instrumentation, including full orchestra, string quartet, and solo piano.
The music of Reich and Glass drew early sponsorship from art galleries and museums, presented in conjunction with visual-art minimalists like Robert Morris (in Glass's case), and Richard Serra, Bruce Nauman, and the filmmaker Michael Snow (as performers, in Reich's case).
The music of Moondog of the 1940s and 1950s, which was based on counterpoint developing statically over steady pulses in often unusual time signatures influenced both Philip Glass and Steve Reich.
A work for solo piano that lasted around six hours, it demonstrated many features that would come to be associated with minimalism, such as diatonic tonality, phrase repetition, additive process, and duration.
Glass was influenced by Ravi Shankar and Indian music from the time he was assigned a film score transcription of music by Ravi Shankar into western notation.
Its harmonic sonorities are distinctively simple, usually diatonic, often consist of familiar triads and seventh chords, and are presented in a slow harmonic rhythm.
Johnson disagrees with Rodda, however, in finding that minimal music's most distinctive feature is the complete absence of extended melodic lines.
Instead, there are only brief melodic segments, thrusting the organization, combination, and individual characteristics of short, repetitive rhythmic patterns into the foreground.
Within any musical segment, there may be some sense of direction, but frequently the segments fail to lead to or imply one another.
All that junk mail I get every single day repeats; when I look at television I see the same advertisement, and I try to follow the movie that’s being shown, but I’m being told about cat food every five minutes.
Fink notes that Carter's general loathing of the music is representative of a form of musical snobbery that dismisses repetition more generally.
Kyle Gann, himself a minimalist composer, has argued that minimalism represented a predictable return to simplicity after the development of an earlier style had run its course to extreme and unsurpassable complexity.
Parallels include the advent of the simple Baroque continuo style following elaborate Renaissance polyphony and the simple early classical symphony following Bach's monumental advances in Baroque counterpoint.
Michael Nyman has pointed out that much of the charm of Steve Reich's early music had to do with perceptual phenomena that were not actually played, but resulted from subtleties in the phase-shifting process.
In Gann's further analysis, during the 1980s minimalism evolved into less strict, more complex styles such as postminimalism and totalism, breaking out of the strongly framed repetition and stasis of early minimalism, and enriching it with a confluence of other rhythmic and structural influences.
The experimental rock act The Velvet Underground had a connection with the New York down-town scene from which minimal music emerged, rooted in the close working relationship of John Cale and La Monte Young, the latter influencing Cale's work with the band.
The development of specific experimental rock genres such as krautrock, space rock (from the 1980s), noise rock, and post-rock was influenced by minimal music.
The Senior Bowl is a post-season college football all-star game played each January in Mobile, Alabama, which showcases the best NFL Draft prospects of those players who have completed their college eligibility.
Produced by the non-profit Mobile Arts & Sports Association, the game is also a charitable fund-raiser benefiting various local and regional organizations with over US$5.9 million in donations over its history.
In recent years, the coaching staffs have come from teams who finished near the bottom of the league standings, but whose coaches were not subsequently terminated.
Organizers stipulate a number of specific rules for the game, some of which are intended to reduce the chance of injury (e.g.
The week-long practice that precedes the game is attended by key NFL personnel (including coaches, general managers and scouts), who oversee the players as possible prospects for pro football.
At one point the Senior Bowl was the first chance its participants had to openly receive pay for participation in an athletic event.
This was one reason that participation was limited to seniors whose eligibility for further participation in collegiate football had expired, and the game was also their first exposure to the slightly different professional rules.
The significance of all of this has waned in recent years as there has been some lessening of the former strict separation of professional and amateur athletes.
Athletes sometimes decline invitations to participate in the Senior Bowl, opting instead to prepare for the NFL scouting combine or their colleges' pro day.
Dan Lynch of Washington State was the first (and to date only) player to appear in two Senior Bowls (1984 and 1985), having been granted an extra year of eligibility after the 1984 game.
The game has consistently been played on a Saturday in January, with the exception of 1976, when it was held on a Sunday.
The scheduling date within January has varied – the earliest playing has been January 3 (1953 and 1959), while the latest playing has been January 30 (2010 and 2016).
Since 1967, it has been traditionally set for the week before the NFL's Super Bowl (which itself is now played in February).
It is usually scheduled as the final game of the college football season, although for a period during the 1980s and 1990s, it was the next-to-the-last game, followed a week later by either the Hula Bowl or the Gridiron Classic.
From 2007 through 2011, and also in 2013, the Senior Bowl was again the penultimate game, followed by the Texas vs.
The single-season record for number of players sent to the Senior Bowl from one school is 10 by Alabama in 1987, followed by nine sent by Auburn in 1988 and Southern California in 2008.
From 1991 to 1993, the teams were designated AFC and NFC, to distinguish where their coaching staffs were from and to stress the professional nature of the game.
This was confusing to some, as the game occurred well before players had been selected by teams in the NFL draft.
Established in 1987, the Senior Bowl Hall of Fame seeks to pay tribute to the many outstanding former Senior Bowl players who have made lasting contributions to the game of football.
The Senior Bowl Hall of Fame also allows enshrinement to former coaches, administrators and other individuals whose efforts helped the Senior Bowl.
More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology.
After sequencing of the human genome allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease-modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology.
Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability.
Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, the process of drug development can continue, and, if successful, clinical trials are developed.
Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees).
In the 21st century, basic discovery research is funded primarily by governments and by philanthropic organizations, while late-stage development is funded primarily by pharmaceutical companies or venture capitalists.
To be allowed to come to market, drugs must undergo several successful phases of clinical trials, and pass through a new drug approval process, called the New Drug Application in the United States.
Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication.
Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
The idea that the effect of a drug in the human body is mediated by specific interactions of the drug molecule with biological macromolecules, (proteins or nucleic acids in most cases) led scientists to the conclusion that individual chemicals are required for the biological activity of the drug.
This made for the beginning of the modern era in pharmacology, as pure chemicals, instead of crude extracts of medicinal plants, became the standard drugs.
Examples of drug compounds isolated from crude preparations are morphine, the active agent in opium, and digoxin, a heart stimulant originating from Digitalis lanata.
Later, small molecules were synthesized to specifically target a known physiological/pathological pathway, avoiding the mass screening of banks of stored compounds.
This led to great success, such as the work of Gertrude Elion and George H. Hitchings on purine metabolism, the work of James Black on beta blockers and cimetidine, and the discovery of statins by Akira Endo.
Another champion of the approach of developing chemical analogues of known active substances was Sir David Jack at Allen and Hanbury's, later Glaxo, who pioneered the first inhaled selective beta2-adrenergic agonist for asthma, the first inhaled steroid for asthma, ranitidine as a successor to cimetidine, and supported the development of the triptans.
Gertrude Elion, working mostly with a group of fewer than 50 people on purine analogues, contributed to the discovery of the first anti-viral; the first immunosuppressant (azathioprine) that allowed human organ transplantation; the first drug to induce remission of childhood leukemia; pivotal anti-cancer treatments; an anti-malarial; an anti-bacterial; and a treatment for gout.
Cloning of human proteins made possible the screening of large libraries of compounds against specific targets thought to be linked to specific diseases.
This does not imply that the mechanism of action of drugs that are thought to act through a particular established target is fully understood.
The process of finding a new drug against a chosen target for a particular disease usually involves high-throughput screening (HTS), wherein large libraries of chemicals are tested for their ability to modify the target.
For example, if the target is a novel GPCR, compounds will be screened for their ability to inhibit or stimulate that receptor (see antagonist and agonist): if the target is a protein kinase, the chemicals will be tested for their ability to inhibit that kinase.
Another important function of HTS is to show how selective the compounds are for the chosen target, as one wants to find a molecule which will interfere with only the chosen target, but not other, related targets.
Cross-screening is important, because the more unrelated targets a compound hits, the more likely that off-target toxicity will occur with that compound once it reaches the clinic.
It is often observed that several compounds are found to have some degree of activity, and if these compounds share common chemical features, one or more pharmacophores can then be developed.
This process will require several iterative screening runs, during which, it is hoped, the properties of the new molecular entities will improve, and allow the favoured compounds to go forward to in vitro and in vivo testing for activity in the disease model of choice.
Amongst the physicochemical properties associated with drug absorption include ionization (pKa), and solubility; permeability can be determined by PAMPA and Caco-2.
PAMPA is attractive as an early screen due to the low consumption of drug and the low cost compared to tests such as Caco-2, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and Blood–brain barrier (BBB) with which there is a high correlation.
A range of parameters can be used to assess the quality of a compound, or a series of compounds, as proposed in the Lipinski's Rule of Five.
Such parameters include calculated properties such as cLogP to estimate lipophilicity, molecular weight, polar surface area and measured properties, such as potency, in-vitro measurement of enzymatic clearance etc.
For example, virtual screening and computer-aided drug design are often used to identify new chemical moieties that may interact with a target protein.
Molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations can be used as a guide to improve the potency and properties of new drug leads.
There is also a paradigm shift in the drug discovery community to shift away from HTS, which is expensive and may only cover limited chemical space, to the screening of smaller libraries (maximum a few thousand compounds).
The ligands in these approaches are usually much smaller, and they bind to the target protein with weaker binding affinity than hits that are identified from HTS.
The advantages of these approaches are that they allow more efficient screening and the compound library, although small, typically covers a large chemical space when compared to HTS.
A variety of models have been used including yeast, zebrafish, worms, immortalized cell lines, primary cell lines, patient-derived cell lines and whole animal models.
These screens are designed to find compounds which reverse a disease phenotype such as death, protein aggregation, mutant protein expression, or cell proliferation as examples in a more holistic cell model or organism.
In many cases, the exact mechanism of action of hits from these screens is unknown and may require extensive target deconvolution experiments to ascertain.
Once a lead compound series has been established with sufficient target potency and selectivity and favourable drug-like properties, one or two compounds will then be proposed for drug development.
Traditionally, many drugs and other chemicals with biological activity have been discovered by studying chemicals that organisms create to affect the activity of other organisms for survival.
Despite the rise of combinatorial chemistry as an integral part of lead discovery process, natural products still play a major role as starting material for drug discovery.
A 2007 report found that of the 974 small molecule new chemical entities developed between 1981 and 2006, 63% were natural derived or semisynthetic derivatives of natural products.
This has resulted in a pool of information about the potential of plant species as important sources of starting materials for drug discovery.
Identifying new drugs and getting them approved for market has proved to be a stringent process due to regulations set by national drug regulatory agencies.
They induce apoptosis and protein cascade via proteinase inhibitor, have defense functions, and regulate plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses.
It is suspected that interact with proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides, which are essential extracellular matrix (ECM) components to help remodel the ECM.
The discovery of JADs on skin repair has introduced newfound interest in the effects of these plant hormones in therapeutic medicinal application.
One of the most common drugs derived from salicylates is aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, with anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties.
Arabinose nucleosides discovered from marine invertebrates in 1950s, demonstrated for the first time that sugar moieties other than ribose and deoxyribose can yield bioactive nucleoside structures.
As above mentioned, combinatorial chemistry was a key technology enabling the efficient generation of large screening libraries for the needs of high-throughput screening.
However, now, after two decades of combinatorial chemistry, it has been pointed out that despite the increased efficiency in chemical synthesis, no increase in lead or drug candidates has been reached.
The chemoinformatics concept chemical diversity, depicted as distribution of compounds in the chemical space based on their physicochemical characteristics, is often used to describe the difference between the combinatorial chemistry libraries and natural products.
The synthetic, combinatorial library compounds seem to cover only a limited and quite uniform chemical space, whereas existing drugs and particularly natural products, exhibit much greater chemical diversity, distributing more evenly to the chemical space.
The most prominent differences between natural products and compounds in combinatorial chemistry libraries is the number of chiral centers (much higher in natural compounds), structure rigidity (higher in natural compounds) and number of aromatic moieties (higher in combinatorial chemistry libraries).
Other chemical differences between these two groups include the nature of heteroatoms (O and N enriched in natural products, and S and halogen atoms more often present in synthetic compounds), as well as level of non-aromatic unsaturation (higher in natural products).
As both structure rigidity and chirality are well-established factors in medicinal chemistry known to enhance compounds specificity and efficacy as a drug, it has been suggested that natural products compare favourably to today's combinatorial chemistry libraries as potential lead molecules.
A collection of plant, animal and microbial samples from rich ecosystems can potentially give rise to novel biological activities worth exploiting in the drug development process.
One example of successful use of this strategy is the screening for antitumor agents by the National Cancer Institute, which started in the 1960s.
Paclitaxel showed anti-tumour activity by a previously undescribed mechanism (stabilization of microtubules) and is now approved for clinical use for the treatment of lung, breast, and ovarian cancer, as well as for Kaposi's sarcoma.
Early in the 21st century, Cabazitaxel (made by Sanofi, a French firm), another relative of taxol has been shown effective against prostate cancer, also because it works by preventing the formation of microtubules, which pull the chromosomes apart in dividing cells (such as cancer cells).
The second main approach involves ethnobotany, the study of the general use of plants in society, and ethnopharmacology, an area inside ethnobotany, which is focused specifically on medicinal uses.
The elucidation of the chemical structure is critical to avoid the re-discovery of a chemical agent that is already known for its structure and chemical activity.
Chemical compounds exist in nature as mixtures, so the combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is often used to separate the individual chemicals.
Databases of mass spectras for known compounds are available, and can be used to assign a structure to an unknown mass spectrum.
When a drug is developed with evidence throughout its history of research to show it is safe and effective for the intended use in the United States, the company can file an application – the New Drug Application (NDA) – to have the drug commercialized and available for clinical application.
NDA status enables the FDA to examine all submitted data on the drug to reach a decision on whether to approve or not approve the drug candidate based on its safety, specificity of effect, and efficacy of doses.
The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Building is a Thai pavilion in Utanede, Sweden (part of the Ragunda Municipality) built to commemorate the 1897 visit of King Chulalongkorn of Thailand to the town.
The construction of the building started in August 1997 and it was inaugurated on July 19, 1998, at the 101 anniversary of King Chulalongkorn's visit.
The building is a typical Thai pavilion with a surface of ten by ten meters and a height of 28 meters.
The pavilion is adorned with gold leaf ornamentation with a value of three million Swedish kronor or 14 million Thai baht.
In mathematical logic, stratification is any consistent assignment of numbers to predicate symbols guaranteeing that a unique formal interpretation of a logical theory exists.
This is not a useful notion when unrestricted; but when the various strata are defined by some recognisable set of conditions (for example being locally closed), and fit together manageably, this idea is often applied in geometry.
It was determined that U-boats were more valuable to the war effort, and so work on new battleships was slowed and ultimately stopped altogether.
This was too late for either ship to take part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May and 1 June 1916.
Design work on the class began as early as 1910, with great consideration given to the armament of the new vessels.
It had become clear that other navies were moving to guns larger than , and so the next German battleship would also have to incorporate larger guns.
In August that year, the design staff prepared studies for ships armed with , , and guns; the 40 cm caliber was set as the maximum, since it was (incorrectly) assumed that British wire-wound guns larger than that could not be built.
During a meeting the following month, the preferred designs were a ship armed with ten 35 cm guns in five turrets or eight 40 cm guns in four turrets.
The Weapons Department advocated the 35 cm gun ship, pointing out that it would have a 25% greater chance of hitting its target.
Tirpitz inquired about a mixed battery of twin and triple turrets, but after examining the gun turrets of the Austro-Hungarian dreadnoughts of the , it was determined that the triple gun turrets still had too many problems.
Among these deficiencies were increased weight, reduced ammunition supply and rate of fire, and loss of fighting capability if one of the turrets was disabled.
Design studies suggested that the 35 cm ship would displace around and cost around 59.7 million marks, while the 40 cm proposal would cost approximately 60 million marks and displace , but both of these ships were deemed to be too expensive.
The Construction Department proposed a ship armed with eight 38 cm guns, which reduced the cost to 57.5 million marks per vessel.
This design was adopted as the basis for the next class of battleship on 26 September, and the decision to adopt the 38 cm gun was formally taken on 6 January 1912.
Work continued on the design into 1912, and included further developing the armor layout that had been adopted in the previous .
Since the development of diesel engines was proving to be problematic, the design staff adopted traditional steam turbines for the ships, though it was hoped that by the time the third member of the class was ready to begin construction, reliable diesel engines would be available.
The Fourth Naval Law secured funding for three new dreadnoughts, two light cruisers, and an increase of an additional 15,000 officers and men in the ranks of the Navy for 1912.
The hull was divided into 17 watertight compartments, and included a double bottom that ran for 88 percent of the length of the hull.
The ships suffered slight speed loss in heavy seas; with the rudders hard over, the ships lost up to 62% speed and heeled over 7 degrees.
With a metacentric height of , larger than that of their British equivalents, the vessels were stable gun platforms for the confined waters of the North Sea.
The first two ships were designed to carry of coal and of oil, though the use of additional spaces in the hull increased the total bunkerage to of coal and of oil.
At , the range decreased to , at the range fell to , and at the ships could steam for only .
The ships carried eight diesel generators; these supplied each ship with a total of 2,400 kilowatts of electrical power at 220 volts.
The main battery was supplied with a total of 720 shells or 90 rounds per gun; these were shells that were light for guns of their caliber.
The shell allotment was divided between armor piercing and high explosive versions, with 60 of the former and 30 of the latter.
While the German guns were faster to reload, the British inspectors found German anti-flash precautions to be significantly inferior to those that had been adopted by the Royal Navy after 1917, though this was to some degree mitigated by the brass propellant cases, which were far less susceptible to flash detonations than the silk-bagged British cordite.
The ships were also armed with a secondary battery of sixteen SK L/45 quick-firing guns, each mounted in armored casemates in the side of the top deck.
The shells were 45.3 kg (99.8 lb), and were loaded with a 13.7 kg (31.2 lb) RPC/12 propellant charge in a brass cartridge.
The torpedoes had a range of when set at a speed of ; at a reduced speed of , the range increased significantly to .
They had an armor belt that was thick in the central citadel of the ship, where the most important parts of the ship were located.
The main armored deck was thick in most places, though the thickness of the sections that covered the more important areas of the ship was increased to .
The rear conning tower was less well armored; its sides were only 170 mm thick and the roof was covered with of armor plate.
The main battery gun turrets were also heavily armored: the turret sides were 350 mm thick and the roofs were 200 mm thick.
The 15 cm guns had 170 mm thick armor plating on the casemates; the guns themselves had 80 mm thick shields to protect their crews from shell splinters.
A glacis over the diesel was added that was 200 mm thick on the sides, thick on either end, and 80 mm thick on top.
Her belt was also slightly modified, with extending past the forward 200 mm thick section all the way to the stem.
was built by Howaldtswerke in Kiel under construction number 590; she was laid down in 1913, launched on 18 February 1915, and completed on 15 July 1916. was built by the Schichau shipyard in Danzig, under construction number 913.
During the fleet sortie on 18–19 August 1916, I Scouting Group, which was the battlecruiser reconnaissance force of the High Seas Fleet and commanded by Admiral Franz von Hipper, was to bombard the coastal town of Sunderland in an attempt to draw out and destroy Beatty's battlecruisers.
Admiral Scheer and the rest of the High Seas Fleet, with 15 dreadnoughts of its own, would trail behind and provide cover.
By 14:35, Scheer had been warned of the Grand Fleet's approach and, unwilling to engage the whole of the Grand Fleet just 11 weeks after the decidedly close call at Jutland, turned his forces around and retreated to German ports.
In early September 1917, following the German conquest of the Russian port of Riga, the German navy decided to evict the Russian naval forces that still held the Gulf of Riga.
VI Division consisted of the five s. Along with nine light cruisers, 3 torpedo boat flotillas, and dozens of mine warfare ships, the entire force numbered some 300 ships, and were supported by over 100 aircraft and 6 zeppelins.
Opposing the Germans were the old Russian pre-dreadnoughts and , the armored cruisers , , and , 26 destroyers, and several torpedo boats and gunboats.
In late 1917, the High Seas Fleet began to conduct anti-convoy raids with light craft in the North Sea between Britain and Norway.
On 17 October, the German light cruisers and intercepted a convoy of twelve ships escorted by a pair of destroyers and destroyed it; only three transports managed to escape.
This prompted Admiral David Beatty, the Commander in Chief of the Grand Fleet, to detach several battleships and battlecruisers to protect the convoys in the North Sea.
This presented to Admiral Scheer the opportunity for which he had been waiting the entire war: the chance to isolate and eliminate a portion of the Grand Fleet.
By 14:10, the convoy had still not yet been located, and so Scheer turned the High Seas Fleet back towards German waters.
In fact, there was no convoy sailing on 24 April; German naval intelligence had miscalculated the sailing date by one day.
In October 1918, Admiral Hipper, now the commander of the entire High Seas Fleet, planned for a final battle with the Grand Fleet.
Admiral Reinhard Scheer, the Chief of the Naval Staff, approved the plan on 27 October; the operation was set for the 30th.
When the fleet was ordered to assemble in Wilhelmshaven on 29 October, war-weary crews began to desert or openly disobey their orders.
By the evening of the 29th, red flags of revolution flew from the masts of dozens of warships in the harbor.
Following the armistice with Germany in November 1918, the majority of the High Seas Fleet was to be interned in the British naval base at Scapa Flow.
On 21 November 1918, the ships to be interned, under the command of Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, sailed from their base in Germany for the last time.
The fleet rendezvoused with the light cruiser , before meeting a massive flotilla of some 370 British, American, and French warships for the voyage to Scapa Flow.
It became apparent to Reuter that the British intended to seize the German ships on 21 June, which was the deadline for Germany to have signed the peace treaty.
On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships.
The movement claimed a strength of 180,000 in 1934, with 80,000 in Paris; the Parisian police thought the number in Paris closer to 15,000.
The small membership did not however isolate the group: the Solidarité Française found itself integrated in the loose coalition of far right movements such as Action Française and Pierre Taittinger's Jeunesse Patriotes.
The group gained notoriety during the rally and later riot during the 6 February 1934 crisis, in front of the Parliament seat in the Palais Bourbon.
The Compagnons du Devoir, full name Compagnons du Devoir et du Tour de France, is a French organization of craftsmen and artisans dating from the Middle Ages.
The houses vary in size from a small house for five people to a larger one with more than 100 people living together.
The aspirant stays or tours in several towns over the next three to five years, working under compagnons, to learn the trade.
It illustrates his theory in the early 20th century of the rite of passage, with its successive stages of isolation, marginality, and aggregation into the social body.
The organization dates to medieval times, when the Compagnons built the churches and castles of France, and were persecuted by kings and the Catholic Church because they refused to live under the rules of either institution.
As a craftsman's guild, the Compagnonnage was banned by the National Assembly under the Le Chapelier Law of 1791, which was repealed in 1864.
During the German occupation of France during World War II, the Compagnons were persecuted by the Nazi occupiers, who thought they were related to the Freemasons.
In computing, position-independent code (PIC) or position-independent executable (PIE) is a body of machine code that, being placed somewhere in the primary memory, executes properly regardless of its absolute address.
PIC is commonly used for shared libraries, so that the same library code can be loaded in a location in each program address space where it will not overlap any other uses of memory (for example, other shared libraries).
PIC was also used on older computer systems lacking an MMU, so that the operating system could keep applications away from each other even within the single address space of an MMU-less system.
This differs from absolute code, which must be loaded at a specific location to function correctly, and load-time locatable (LTL) code, in which a linker or program loader modifies a program before execution so it can be run only from a particular memory location.
Generating position-independent code is often the default behavior for compilers, but they may place restrictions on the use of some language features, such as disallowing use of absolute addresses (position-independent code has to use relative addressing).
Instructions that refer directly to specific memory addresses sometimes execute faster, and replacing them with equivalent relative-addressing instructions may result in slightly slower execution, although modern processors make the difference practically negligible.
In early computers such as the IBM 701 (April 29, 1952) and IBM System/360 (April 7, 1964), code was position-dependent: each program was built to be loaded into, and run from, a particular address.
Where a multitasking operating system allowed multiple jobs to be run using separate programs at the same time, operations had to be scheduled such that no two concurrent jobs would run programs that required the same load addresses.
For example, both a payroll program and an accounts receivable program built to run at address 32K could not both be run at the same time.
By way of comparison, on early segmented systems such as Burroughs MCP on the Burroughs B5000 (1961) and Multics (1964), paging systems such as IBM TSS/360 (1967) or base and bounds systems such as GECOS on the GE 625 and EXEC on the UNIVAC 1107, code was inherently position-independent, since addresses in a program were relative to the current segment rather than absolute.
The invention of dynamic address translation (the function provided by an MMU) originally reduced the need for position-independent code because every process could have its own independent address space (range of addresses).
If two jobs run entirely identical programs, dynamic address translation provides a solution by allowing the system simply to map two different jobs' address 32K to the same bytes of real memory, containing the single copy of the program.
A shared module (a shared library is a form of shared module) gets loaded once and mapped into the two address spaces.
Procedure calls inside a shared library are typically made through small procedure linkage table stubs, which then call the definitive function.
This notably allows a shared library to inherit certain function calls from previously loaded libraries rather than using its own versions.
Data references from position-independent code are usually made indirectly, through Global Offset Tables (GOTs), which store the addresses of all accessed global variables.
There is one GOT per compilation unit or object module, and it is located at a fixed offset from the code (although this offset is not known until the library is linked).
When a linker links modules to create a shared library, it merges the GOTs and sets the final offsets in code.
Position independent functions accessing global data start by determining the absolute address of the GOT given their own current program counter value.
This often takes the form of a fake function call in order to obtain the return value on stack (x86) or in a special register (PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, probably at least some other RISC processors, ESA/390), which can then be stored in a predefined standard register.
Some processor architectures, such as the Motorola 68000, Motorola 6809, WDC 65C816, Knuth's MMIX, ARM and x86-64 allow referencing data by offset from the program counter.
Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) in Microsoft Windows use variant E8 of the CALL instruction (Call near, relative, displacement relative to next instruction).
in code section of the dynamic library; therefore, the stored address in the global variable needs to be updated to reflect the address where the DLL was loaded to.
The dynamic loader calculates the address referred to by a global variable and stores the value in such global variable; this triggers copy-on-write of a memory page containing such global variable.
Pages with code and pages with global variables that do not contain pointers to code or global data remain shared between processes.
In Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, the relocation of DLLs and executables is done by the kernel memory manager, which shares the relocated binaries across multiple processes.
Versions of Windows prior to Vista require system DLLs to be prelinked at non-conflicting fixed addresses at the link time in order to avoid runtime relocation of images.
Runtime relocation in these older versions of Windows is performed by the DLL loader within the context of each process, and the resulting relocated portions of each image can no longer be shared between processes.
A call to a procedure saves PR4 in the stack before loading it with a pointer to the callee's linkage segment.
The procedure call uses an indirect pointer pair with a flag to cause a trap on the first call so that the dynamic linkage mechanism can add the new procedure and its linkage segment to the Known Segment Table (KST), construct a new linkage segment, put their segment numbers in the caller's linkage section and reset the flag in the indirect pointer pair.
In IBM S/360 Time Sharing System (TSS/360 and TSS/370) each procedure may have a read-only public CSECT and a writable private Prototype Section (PSECT).
A caller loads a V-constant for the routine into General Register 15 (GR15) and copies an R-constant for the routine's PSECT into the 19th word of the save area pointed to be GR13.
PIE binaries are used in some security-focused Linux distributions to allow PaX or Exec Shield to use address space layout randomization to prevent attackers from knowing where existing executable code is during a security attack using exploits that rely on knowing the offset of the executable code in the binary, such as return-to-libc attacks.
Apple's macOS and iOS fully support PIE executables as of versions 10.7 and 4.3, respectively; a warning is issued when non-PIE iOS executables are submitted for approval to Apple's App Store but there's no hard requirement yet and non-PIE applications are not rejected.
Support for PIE in statically linked binaries, such as the executables in codice_1 and codice_2 directories, was added near the end of 2014.
He wrote an influential treatise on gunnery, for the first time introducing Newtonian science to military men, was an early enthusiast for rifled gun barrels, and his work had substantive influence on the development of artillery during the latter half of the eighteenth century – and directly stimulated the teaching of calculus in military academies.
Having come to London on the advice of Dr. Henry Pemberton (1694–1771), who had recognised Robins' talents, for a time he maintained himself by teaching mathematics, but soon devoted himself to engineering and the study of fortification.
Robins also made a number of important experiments on the resistance of the air to the motion of projectiles, and on the force of gunpowder, with computation of the velocities thereby communicated to projectiles.
He compared the results of his theory with experimental determinations of the ranges of mortars and cannon, and gave practical maxims for the management of artillery.
However, the work of Robins still served as an important piece of technical information that helped the later advancement of the Prussian artillery, especially of its improvement in accuracy, a big step forwards that the book turned out to be a shot in the arm of the ambitious Frederick the Great who determined to vault the status and power of Prussian artillery to the top among other European armies.
He wrote pamphlets in support of the opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, and was secretary of a committee appointed by the House of Commons to enquire into the conduct of that minister.
In 1749, he was appointed engineer general to the East India Company, and went out to superintend the reconstruction of their forts.
The film was very well received, winning multiple awards including at the New Zealand Film and Television awards, the Toronto International Film Festival and received second prize at the Venice Film Festival.
Originally produced as a television mini-series, the film, as with Frame's autobiographies, is divided into three sections, with the lead role played by three actresses who portray Frame at different stages of her life: Karen Fergusson (child), Alexia Keogh (adolescent), and Kerry Fox (adult).
The film follows Frame from when she grows up in a poor family, through her years in a mental institution, and into her writing years after her escape.
In addition to virtually sweeping the local New Zealand film awards, it also took home the prize for best foreign film at the Independent Spirit Awards and the International Critics' Award at the Toronto International Film Festival.
The film not only established Jane Campion as an emerging director and launched the career of Kerry Fox, but it also introduced a broader audience to Janet Frame's writing.
Discovered by the Cubs as he played semi-professional baseball while attending college, Chance debuted with the Cubs in 1898, serving as a part-time player.
Chance led the Cubs to four National League championships in the span of five years (1906–1910) and won the World Series in 1907 and 1908.
Let go by the Cubs after the 1912 season, Chance signed with the Yankees, serving as a player–manager for two seasons.
He joined the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League as a player–manager, returning to MLB in 1923 as manager of the Red Sox.
Chance was named the manager of the Chicago White Sox in 1924, but never took control of the team as he became ill.
Chance was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in the 1946 balloting by the Veterans Committee, along with Tinker and Evers.
While playing baseball for the school's baseball team, he received an offer to play semi-professional baseball for a team in Sullivan, Illinois, for $40 a month ($ in current dollar terms), which he accepted.
Returning to college the next year, Chance led his team to a third-place finish in an amateur tournament of 50 teams.
Bill Lange of the Chicago Cubs discovered Chance and convinced the Cubs to sign him as a backup catcher and outfielder, receiving $1,200 a year ($ in current dollar terms).
Chance was scouted by other teams, but chose the Cubs as Tim Donohue was the only catcher ahead of him on the Cubs' depth chart.
Due in part to finger injuries suffered while catching, Chance played in no more than 75 games in a season through 1902.
In 125 games during the 1903 season, Chance recorded a .327 batting average, and 67 stolen bases; the latter mark led the National League (NL).
His .439 on-base percentage was third-best in the league, behind Roy Thomas and Roger Bresnahan, and his 81 runs batted in (RBIs) tied Jake Beckley for sixth-best.
Chance also hit six home runs, tying him with Dan McGann, Red Dooin, and Cozy Dolan for third place, his 42 stolen bases tied McGann for fourth place, and his 89 runs scored were seventh-best.
His batting average was sixth-best in the NL, while he led the league with a .450 on-base percentage, and finished seventh with a .434 slugging percentage.
His batting average was fifth-best in the league, while his .419 on-base percentage finished in third, and his .430 slugging percentage placed him in fifth.
When Chance stole home from second base in a tie game against the Cincinnati Reds, team owner Charles W. Murphy granted him a ten-percent ownership stake in the club to show his gratitude.
Though he finished third in the NL with 27 doubles, he did not finish among the ten best in the categories of batting average, on-base percentage, or stolen bases in 1908, 1909, or 1910.
He rebuilt the team in 1911 after Evers's nervous breakdown and the departure of Harry Steinfeldt, replacing them with Heinie Zimmerman and Jim Doyle respectively.
In 1912, Chance endured surgeries to correct blood clots in his brain that were caused by being hit by pitches in his head.
Meanwhile, Chance argued with Murphy, who had been releasing expensive players from the Cubs in an effort to save the team money.
The Cubs released Chance while he was hospitalized, and in January 1913, Chance signed a three-year contract with the Yankees, worth $120,000 ($ in current dollar terms), to serve as the Yankees' manager.
He also played first base for the Yankees and served as field captain, though he played in no more than 12 games in a season.
The Yankees sat in last place on the next-to-last day of the 1913 season, but won their final game to finish in seventh place.
After repeatedly seeking to have Irwin fired, he offered his resignation from the team late in the season on the condition that he still was to receive his 1915 salary.
After this was accepted by team owner Frank J. Farrell, Chance resigned with three weeks remaining in the season, and Peckinpaugh served as player–manager for the remainder of the season.
Chance returned to his native California, and was named manager of the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League in 1916.
He re-signed with the Angels for the 1917 season and was also granted a part ownership in the Angels from the majority owner, John F. Powers.
But some sources noted that Chance had only agreed to a one-year contract and was not necessarily interested in returning to the Red Sox, a team described by one sportswriter as no better than a minor league club.
After his relationship with the Red Sox was severed, he was named the Chicago White Sox manager for the 1924 season but developed severe influenza before he could take the helm.
Chance submitted his resignation to owner Charles Comiskey, but Comiskey refused to accept it, giving him the opportunity to return to the team when his health improved.
The Cubs won the NL pennant in 1906, 1907, 1908 and 1910, and won the World Series in 1907 and 1908—the team's last World Series titles prior to 2016.
Chance's lifetime record as a manager was 946–648 ( winning percentage); his .664 winning percentage as manager of the Cubs is the highest in franchise history.
Chance fined his players for shaking hands with members of the opposing team and forced Solly Hofman to delay his wedding until after the baseball season, lest marriage impair his abilities on the playing field.
In August 1911, Chance suspended Tinker for the remainder of the season for using profanity, though he reinstated Tinker two days later.
After falling short of induction in the Baseball Hall of Fame by seven votes in 1945, Chance was elected to the Hall of Fame in the 1946 balloting by the Veterans Committee.
Robert Taschereau, (September 10, 1896 – July 26, 1970) was a lawyer who became the 11th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada and who briefly served as acting Governor General of Canada following the death of Georges Vanier in 1967.
Following a career as a lawyer, Taschereau entered politics as a Liberal and won a seat in the Quebec National Assembly in 1930.
On February 9, 1940, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, filling the vacancy created by the death of his former law partner, Lawrence Cannon.
In 1946, he and fellow Justice Roy Kellock conducted the Royal Commission on Spying Activities in Canada that had been prompted by the Gouzenko Affair.
According to the Canadian rules of succession, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is second-in-line to the Governor Generalship, and serves in an interim capacity until a new one can be recommended by the Prime Minister and chosen by the Queen.
Taschereau acted as Governor General from Vanier's death on March 5 to April 17, 1967 at which point Prime Minister Lester Pearson and the Queen appointed Roland Michener as the new Governor General.
Robert Taschereau died in 1970 at the age of 73, and was interred in the family plot at the Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont in Sainte-Foy, Quebec.
His father, Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, had been Premier of Quebec and his grandfather, Jean-Thomas Taschereau, also served on the Supreme Court of Canada as a puisne justice.
Robert was more distantly related to Sir Henri Elzéar Taschereau, who replaced Jean-Thomas on the Supreme Court and went on to serve as Chief Justice of Canada.
Murrain did not refer to a specific disease, but was an umbrella term for what are now recognized as a number of different diseases, including rinderpest, erysipelas, foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, and streptococcus infections.
There were major sheep and cattle murrains in Europe during the 14th century, which, combined with the Little Ice Age, resulted in the Great Famine of 1315-1317, weakening the population of Europe before the onset of the Black Death in 1348.
In some parts of Scotland, force-fire was believed to cure it and in some remote regions of Cumbria, England, murrain is still used as a term for a curse, specifically a curse placed upon land or livestock.
code: 753) is an astronomical observatory located at 1401 Observatory Drive on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
Today, it is home to the UW-Madison College of Letters and Science Honors Program, while the telescope remains in use by students in introductory astronomy courses and the general public during open houses and viewings.
On September 18, 1877, John Bascom, the president of the University, announced that Washburn would provide an observatory with a telescope that was to be larger than the 15-inch refractor at Harvard.
Washburn, along with the Board of Regents, chose the site of the observatory to be removed from the city of Madison with the university campus acting as the divider.
The site was about 100 feet above Lake Mendota on the north side of campus and, at the time, was surrounded by a vineyard and orchard.
Construction on the observatory was started in May, 1878, and a contract was given to Alvan Clark to build the telescope.
It was decided that the telescope would have a diameter of 15.6 inches, which would make it the third largest in the United States.
He oversaw the completion of the original building, and also provided funding for a students' observatory, as well as a solar observatory.
Developed in the late 17th century, it was initially known as Southampton Square and was one of the earliest London squares.
By the early 19th century, Bedford House along the north of the square had been demolished and replaced with terraced housing designed by James Burton.
The square was developed for the 4th Earl of Southampton in the early 1660s and was initially known as Southampton Square.
The Earl's own house, then known as Southampton House and later as Bedford House after the square and the rest of the Bloomsbury Estate passed by marriage from the Earls of Southampton to the Dukes of Bedford, occupied the whole of the north side of the square, where Bedford Place is now located.
The other sides were lined with typical terraced houses of the time, which were initially occupied by members of the aristocracy and gentry.
The then 23-year-old Scottish economist and financier John Law fought Edward 'Beau' Wilson, killing him with a single pass and thrust of his sword.
Law would be convicted of murder and sentenced to death, but would escape his condemned cell and go on to become the founder of the Mississippi Company and the de facto prime minister of France.
Consequently, the Duke of Bedford of the day moved out of Bedford House, which was demolished and replaced with further terraced houses.
6 from 1817 to 1829 and for part of that time his son, the future Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli lived with him.
Bloomsbury Square's garden contains a bronze statue by Richard Westmacott of Charles James Fox, who was a Whig associate of the Dukes of Bedford.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was based in an 18th-century building on the southern side of the square partly credited to John Nash.
The eastern side of the square is occupied by a large early 20th-century office building called Victoria House, built for, and for many decades occupied by, Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society.
The Pine Bluff Observatory (PBO) is an astronomical observatory located in the town of Cross Plains, Wisconsin (USA) about west of Madison.
Recent research conducted at PBO includes measuring the lunar sodium tail, monitoring circumstellar disks around Be stars, and studying the warm ionized medium.
In 1972, Hospers became the first presidential candidate of the Libertarian Party, and was the only minor party candidate to receive an electoral vote in that year's U.S. presidential election.
John Hospers was born on June 9, 1918, in Pella, Iowa, the son of Dena Helena (Verhey) and John De Gelder Hospers.
He taught philosophy at the University of Minnesota, Brooklyn College, California State College Los Angeles (1966–1968) and at the University of Southern California, where for many years he was chairman of the philosophy department and professor emeritus.
Although Hospers became convinced of the validity of Rand's moral and political views, he disagreed with her about issues of epistemology, the subject of their extensive correspondence.
In the 1972 U.S. Presidential election, Hospers and Tonie Nathan were the first presidential and vice-presidential nominees, respectively, of the newly formed Libertarian Party.
The Libertarian Party was poorly organized and Hospers and Nathan managed to get on the ballot in only two states (Washington and Colorado), receiving 3,674 popular votes.
Hospers and Nathan received one electoral vote from faithless elector Roger MacBride, a Republican from Virginia, resulting in Nathan's becoming the first woman and the first Jew to receive an electoral vote in a United States presidential election.
The observatory is named to recognize funding from M. John Hartung, a 1908 Cornell graduate and later chemical industrialist, and to honor Samuel L. Boothroyd, the founder of Cornell's Department of Astronomy.
The primary 0.6m mirror was constructed from a Pyrex 1/8-scale test pouring as part of technology development for the Palomar Observatory 200-inch telescope.
The mirror was polished and mounted in a lightweight tube in the late 1930s under Boothroyd's direction, but World War II deferred its planned use in a high-altitude observatory.
In addition to Jeff Christie (born Jeffrey Christie, 12 July 1946, Leeds, Yorkshire, England) their vocalist, bassist and songwriter; they initially included guitarist Vic Elmes and drummer Mike Blakley (born Michael Blakley, 12 January 1947, Bromley, Kent, England, brother of Alan Blakley).
They recorded it to release as a single but changed their minds as they were going more progressive as the seventies started.
At the same time Tremeloes member Alan Blakely's brother Michael had a little group called the Epics and Alan wanted to give his brother a break.
The Epics became Christie with Jeff as the lead vocalist and the result was a UK number one hit in June 1970, and subsequently No.
23 in the US, also accumulating more weeks (23) on the Hot 100 than any other entry on that chart completely inside 1970.
Both tracks became flash songs on their eponymous debut album of that year, and it stayed on US Billboard 200 chart for ten weeks.
The departure of Fenton and Lubin hastened the demise of the original line-up, but Jeff Christie returned with new members Terry Fogg (drums) (born Terrence George Fogg, 25 September 1945, Chesterfield, Derbyshire), Roger Flavell (bass), and Danny Krieger (guitar).
Jeff Christie reformed the band in 1990 with members of UK band Tubeless Hearts, Kev Moore, Simon Kay and Adrian 'Fos' Foster.
Tavistock Square was built shortly after 1806 by the property developer James Burton and the master builder Thomas Cubitt for Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford, and formed part of the Bedford Estate in London, owned by the Dukes of Bedford.
In 1920 the Tavistock Clinic was founded in the square, a pioneering psychiatric clinic whose patients included shell-shock victims of the First World War.
The bomb was detonated by 18-year-old Hasib Hussain on a double-decker bus bearing route number 30; it had been diverted from its normal route along Euston Road because of traffic disruption by the other three bombings at tube stations.
The bomb exploded immediately outside the British Medical Association building, many of whose staff came out to give what help they could.
In September 2018, a memorial honouring the victims and the efforts of those who gave assistance was unveiled in Tavistock Square Gardens.
The hollow pedestal was intended, and is used, for people to leave floral tributes to the peace campaigner and nonviolent resister to oppression in South Africa and British rule in India.
These three features have led to the square unofficially being regarded by some as a peace park or garden, and annual ceremonies are held at each of these memorials.
A bust of the writer Virginia Woolf, cast from a 1931 sculpture by Stephen Tomlin (1901–1937), was unveiled in 2004 at the southwest corner of the square.
From there she and her husband Leonard Woolf ran the Hogarth Press, which became a prominent and influential publisher at the forefront of modernist fiction and poetry (publishing T.S.
The square contains a memorial to the surgeon Dame Louisa Aldrich-Blake (1865 –1925), with a bust of Aldrich-Blake by Arthur George Walker on a plinth designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.
Taytu Betul (; baptismal name Wälättä Mikael; c. 1851 – February 11, 1918) was an Empress of the Ethiopian Empire (1889–1913.
She was the third wife of Emperor Menelek II of Ethiopia and She is the founder of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital city.
The month of her baptism is unknown, nevertheless she was baptized on the 12th day which is associated to St. Mikael.
Her childhood was short, as she soon had to prepare to become a women at the age of ten, where she would be married off to her first husband, an officer of Emperor Tewedros.
Her great-grandfather, Ras Gebre of Semen, ruled Semen for 44 years a period known as Zemene Mesafint or the 'Era of the Princes'.
He was responsible for making the Shanquila pay taxes in gold, as well as treating his subjects so well- providing an ample amount of food and drink so that they no longer needed to farm to sustain themselves.
Similarly, her grandmother was the daughter of Ras Gugsa (her other great-grandfather) who was a leader from the Were Sheik Yejju ruling family.
Taytu is acknowledged to have wielded considerable political power, both before and after she and Menelik were crowned Emperor and Empress in 1889.
She led the conservative faction at court that resisted the modernists and progressives who wanted to develop Ethiopia along western lines and bring modernity to the country.
Thus, Empress Taytu was a key player in the conflict over the Treaty of Wuchale with Italy which she tore up.
Empress Taytu was the first to agitate the hesitant Emperor and other men to stand up for liberty, dignity, and against Italian aggression.
Deeply suspicious of European intentions towards Ethiopia, she was a key player in the conflict over the Treaty of Wuchale with Italy, in which the Italian version made Ethiopia an Italian protectorate, while the Amharic version did not do so.
The Empress held a hard line against the Italians, and when talks eventually broke down, and Italy invaded the Empire from its Eritrean colony, she marched north with the Emperor and the Imperial Army, commanding a force of cannoneers at the historic Battle of Adwa which resulted in a humiliating defeat for Italy in March, 1896.
When Menelik's health began to decline around 1906, Taytu began to make decisions on his behalf, angering her rivals for power through her appointment of favorites and relatives to most of the positions of power and influence.
Widely resented for her alleged Gonderine xenophobia and nepotism, the nobility of Shoa and Tigray, along with the Wollo relatives of the heir-to-the-throne, Lij Iyasu, conspired to remove her from state responsibility.
Taytu was banished to the old Palace at Entoto, next to the St. Mary's church she had founded years before, and where her husband had been crowned Emperor.
While some believe Taytu may have played a part in the plot that eventually removed Emperor Iyasu V from the throne in 1916, replacing him with Empress Zauditu, the price for Zauditu's elevation was a divorce from Taytu's nephew Ras Gugsa Welle, who became governor of Begemder.
Zauditu, Menelik II's daughter by yet another previous marriage, had always been close to Empress Taytu and invited Taytu to live with her.
She requested permission to go to Gondar in November 1917 to end her days, but was refused; she died three months later.
She is buried next to her husband at the Taeka Negest Ba'eta Le Mariam Monastery in Addis Ababa and lives to this day in the memories as the Empress who won liberty against the colonizers.
David Hamilton Koch (; May 3, 1940 – August 23, 2019) was an American businessman, philanthropist, political activist, and chemical engineer.
He became president of the subsidiary Koch Engineering in 1979, and became a co-owner of Koch Industries (along with elder brother Charles) in 1983.
Koch became a Republican in 1984; in 2012, he spent over $100 million to oppose the re-election of President Barack Obama.
Koch was the fourth-richest person in the United States in 2012 and was the wealthiest resident of New York City in 2013.
As of June 2019, Koch was ranked as the 11th-richest person in the world (tied with his brother Charles), with a fortune of $50.5 billion.
Known for his philanthropy, Koch contributed to the Lincoln Center, Sloan Kettering, NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, and the Dinosaur Wing at the American Museum of Natural History.
The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, home of the New York City Ballet, was renamed the David H. Koch Theater in 2008 following Koch's gift of $100 million for the renovation of the theater.
His maternal ancestors included William Ingraham Kip, an Episcopal bishop; William Burnet Kinney, a politician; and Elizabeth Clementine Stedman, a writer.
He also held the single-game scoring record of 41 points from 1962 until 2009, when it was eclipsed by Jimmy Bartolotta.
He founded the company's New York City office and in 1979 he became the president of his own division, Koch Engineering, renamed Chemical Technology Group.
In June 1983, after a bitter legal and boardroom battle, the stakes of Frederick and Bill were bought out for $1.1 billion and Charles Koch and David Koch became majority owners in the company.
Frederick and Bill sided with J. Howard Marshall III, J. Howard Marshall II's eldest son, against Charles and David at one point, in order to take over the company.
In 2001, Bill reached a settlement in a lawsuit where he had charged the company was taking oil from federal and Indian land; that settlement ended all litigation between the brothers.
Koch was the Libertarian Party's vice-presidential candidate in the 1980 presidential election, sharing the party ticket with presidential candidate Ed Clark.
The Clark–Koch ticket promised to abolish Social Security, the Federal Reserve Board, welfare, minimum-wage laws, corporate taxes, all price supports and subsidies for agriculture and business, and U.S. Federal agencies including the SEC, EPA, ICC, FTC, OSHA, FBI, CIA, and DOE.
The ticket received 921,128 votes, 1% of the total nationwide vote, the Libertarian Party national ticket's best showing until 2016 in terms of percentage and its best showing in terms of raw votes until the 2012 presidential election, although that number was surpassed again in 2016.
He wanted less government and taxes, and was talking about repealing all these victimless crime laws that accumulated on the books.
Koch was the chairman of the board and gave initial funding to the Americans for Prosperity Foundation and to a related advocacy organization, Americans for Prosperity.
The Koch brothers were key funders for climate change denialism through think tanks including the Cato Institute and the American Enterprise Institute.
In July 2015, David and Charles Koch were commended by both President Obama and activist Anthony Van Jones for their bipartisan efforts to reform the prison system in the United States.
For nearly 10 years, the Kochs advocated for several reforms within the criminal justice system which include reducing recidivism rates, simplifying the employment process for the rehabilitated, and defending private property from government seizures through asset forfeiture.
Allying with groups such as the ACLU, the Center for American Progress, Families Against Mandatory Minimums, the Coalition for Public Safety, and the MacArthur Foundation, the Kochs maintained that current prison system unfairly targeted low-income and minority communities at the expense of the public budget.
In July 2008, Koch pledged $100 million over 10 years to renovate the New York State Theater in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts; the Theater is the home of the New York City Ballet.
Koch was a trustee of the American Ballet Theatre for 25 years and contributed more than $6 million to the theater.
In 2012, Koch contributed US$35 million to the Smithsonian to build a new dinosaur exhibition hall at the National Museum of Natural History.
Koch was a member of the board of directors of the Prostate Cancer Foundation and contributed $41 million to the foundation, including $5 million to a collaborative project in the field of nanotechnology.
An eponym of the David H. Koch Chair of the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the position is held by Dr. Jonathan Simons.
In 2007, he contributed $100 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the construction of a new research and technology facility to serve as the home of the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.
From the time he joined the MIT Corporation in 1988, Koch gave at least $185 million to MIT, $15 million to NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center and $30 million to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.
The same year, he donated $25 million to the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston to establish the David Koch Center for Applied Research in Genitourinary Cancers.
In 2013, he gave $100 million to NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, the largest philanthropic donation in its history, beginning a $2 billion campaign to conclude in 2019 for a new ambulatory care center and renovation the infrastructure of the hospital's five sites.
In 2015, he committed $150 million to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City to build the David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care, which will be housed in a 23-story building in development between East 73rd and 74th Streets overlooking the FDR Drive.
Koch was the fourth-richest person in the United States in 2012 and was the wealthiest resident of New York City in 2013.
As of June 2019, Koch was ranked as the 11th-richest person in the world (tied with his brother Charles), with a fortune of $50.5 billion.
In February 1991, Koch was a passenger on board USAir Flight 1493 when it collided with another aircraft on a runway at Los Angeles International Airport, killing 35 people.
Following Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' death in 1994, Koch purchased her 15-room apartment at 1040 Fifth Avenue and in 2006 resold it to billionaire Glenn Dubin.
Typically a student takes 9 to 13 subjects – including English, Irish and Mathematics – as part of the Junior Cycle.
The examination does not reach the standards for college or university entrance; instead, a school leaver in Ireland will typically take the Leaving Certificate Examination two or three years after completion of the Junior Certificate to reach that standard.
Near the end of the decade, the Department of Education and Science began to replace many subject curricula, particularly those that were dated, such as History and Geography.
In 1999, Civic, Social, and Political Education was introduced as a subject and made mandatory from 2000, when Religious Education was also brought in.
Religion was phased in with just a few schools adopting it in its first year, but now nearly all do the exam for Junior Cert, whilst CSPE was implemented nationwide.
The new course emphasised greater class participation and introduced the awarding of a percentage of marks for class practicals throughout the three years.
Sample papers were not released until early 2006, the year when the new exam would be sat for the first time.
Also, some schools complained that they did not have the laboratory facilities to do the new course but were forced to teach it anyway.
In 2004, results were made available on the Internet for the first time thus allowing students who, for instance, had moved school or left school to get their results without having to return to their old school.
Courses are quite broad – for example, the Business Studies course covers business organisation, marketing, economics, accounting and several other areas.
In certain types of schools, subjects in the optional grouping (or a selection from combinations of them) may, in fact, be mandatory, for instance, History and Geography are mandatory in certain types of schools.
However, a D3 may be awarded with a tolerance of up to 2%; a practice in place since the introduction of the grading system in 1969.
†An exemption from taking Irish may be awarded in some cases, for students with a specific learning difficulty such as dyslexia or Autism Spectrum Disorder, or those who did not attend school in the country before their twelfth birthday.
The exams always start with English, then the other core subjects and finish with the subjects that have the fewest candidates.
Schools with students taking the examinations will have one or more examination centres (individual enclosed rooms in which examinations take place), and almost always at least two, because the Leaving Certificate and Junior Certificate examinations cannot take place in the same centre.
Each exam centre is supervised by an external invigilator, usually a teacher from another school or an employee of the SEC.
A staff member of the school is hired as an examination aide by the SEC to act as a liaison between the SEC and the school officials during the examination period.
Candidates may not enter the exam centre after the first 30 minutes, and are permitted to leave the centre after 30 minutes have passed, up until the last 15 minutes of the examination, although this practice has been abolished in some schools, and is discouraged in many others.
The level taken at Junior Certificate may have bearing on the level taken in the Leaving Certificate; thus, for instance, a student could take an Ordinary level in the Junior Certificate and then could not take a Higher level in the corresponding Leaving Certificate subject, later.
Grades A, B, C and D are passing grades, E and F are failing grades; therefore, the pass mark for the Junior Cert is 40%.
In the Junior Certificate candidates have the option of answering either in Irish(only if they have been in the Irish stream) or in English, except in the case of the subjects Irish and English and questions in other language subjects.
Certain subjects and components are not available for bonus marks, marks awarded also vary depending on the written nature of the subject.
suffer spelling problems caused by dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, or other disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder or ADHD) cannot be penalised for poor spelling in exams such as English and Irish.
Junior Cert results are not a prerequisite for the Leaving Certificate, so that all students may continue to their next year of education no matter what their results.
The Junior Certificate (and more so, the Leaving Certificate) results take centre place in the Irish media during the week surrounding their release.
If a student is unhappy with a grade they received on any of the exam results, they may appeal the decision made by the SEC.
They need to pay a fee (in 2010 the fee was set at €32 per exam) and the principal of the school writes a letter of appeal application to the State Examinations Commission, stating the candidate's name, exam number and the exam they would like to appeal.
There is a deadline to appeal, usually 14–21 days after the results are published, in which the student's application must be made.
However, if a change did occur, then the candidate will be refunded the appeal fee via a Cheque made out to the principal of the school.
These refunds take time to be issued, but in an appeal made in September of one year, the refund was issued as late as March in the following year.
Although school attendance in Ireland is very high, some students drop out of the education system after completion of the Junior Certificate.
In late 2009 the Irish Government considered for a short period of time to completely scrap all Junior Cert examinations permanently.
The move was met with criticism and outrage from the Teachers' Union (ASTI), but the Government said that scrapping the annual examinations and replacing them with continuous assessment would save the country €30 million.
However, later on, the government agreed to not scrap the Junior Certificate and instead, introduce a brand new syllabus in English for students starting First Year of secondary school in September 2014, with only 90% of the test going for a written exam.
It is called the Collection of Texts in which a student will choose 4 written pieces throughout the 3 years from 4 different genres and will re-draft them.
Schools started the new course September 2014, as soon as the Junior Certificate Examinations were abolished with the aim of a soft transition.
English was reformed in 2014, Science and Business were reformed in 2016 and Irish, Mathematics and French were reformed in 2017.
The First Saturdays Devotion (also called the Act of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary) is a Catholic devotion which, according to Sister Lúcia of Fátima, was requested by the Virgin Mary in an apparition at Pontevedra, Spain, in December 1925.
On July 1, 1905, Pope Pius X approved and granted indulgences for the practice of the First Saturdays of twelve consecutive months in honor of the Immaculate Conception.
At the age of 14, Lúcia Santos, one of the purported Portuguese seers of Our Lady of Fátima was admitted as a boarder to the school of the Sisters of St. Dorothy in Vilar, near the city of Porto.
On October 24, 1925, she entered the Institute of the Sisters of St. Dorothy as a postulant in the convent in Tui, Spain, just across the northern Portuguese border.
Sister Lucia later reported that on December 10, 1925, the Virgin Mary appeared to her at the convent in Pontevedra, Spain, and by Her side, elevated on a luminous cloud, was the Child Jesus.
According to Lucia, Mary requested the institution of the Devotion of the Five First Saturdays in reparation to her Immaculate Heart.
Such sorrow is particularly bitterly endured on Holy Saturday after Jesus was placed on the Sepulcher (before the Resurrection on Easter).
Devotees of Fátima believe that the First Saturdays help to console the sorrows of God, Jesus, and the Virgin Mary for the sins against Her Immaculate Heart.
The confession can take place within eight days before or even after the Holy Communion is received, but the Holy Communion shall be received with dignity, in a state of Grace, keeping in mind that Jesus is physically present in the Eucharist (Transubstantiation).
The Intention of making reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary may be kept to oneself; it is not necessary to notify the confessor priest.
Receiving Holy Communion as part of this devotion must be consciously intended as an Act of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart.
To avoid omitting the Intention every Saturday, the General Intention for the devotion of the Act of Reparation can be mentally or outspokenly stated before starting the First Saturdays (or in between).
If a person has a valid reason not to attend Mass (Masses not available on Saturdays, difficult mobilization, other major event), the devotee may consult a priest about receiving Communion privately or on another day with the intention of making this Communion as part of the devotion.
The activities of the Five First Saturdays devotions are different from similar devotions on other days in that all should be done with the specific intention in the heart of making reparation to the Blessed Mother for blasphemies against her, her name and her holy initiatives.
The Gallatin River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 120 mi (193 km long), in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Montana.
It is one of three rivers, along with the Jefferson and Madison, that converge near Three Forks, Montana, to form the Missouri.
It originates in the northwest corner of Yellowstone National Parke in northwestern Wyoming, in the Gallatin Range of the Rocky Mountains.
It flows northwest through Gallatin National Forest, past Big Sky, Montana, and joins the Jefferson and Madison approximately 30 mi (48 km) northwest of Bozeman.
The Gallatin River is an amazingly scenic river – winding through high alpine meadows, dropping into the rocky Gallatin Canyon, and flowing out into the Gallatin Valley.
Portions of the river are designated as a Blue Ribbon trout stream while the remainder is designated Red Ribbon by the Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Department.
The river is a Class I water from the Taylor Fork to its confluence with the Missouri for the purposes of public recreational access.
There was a significant amount of consideration given to the idea of running the railroad through the canyon to increase travel between Yellowstone National Park and Bozeman, Montana.
Logging was conducted in the canyon at the turn of the 20th century, and loggers would ride the logs down river to prevent them from jamming.
Pete Karst moved into the canyon in 1898 to homestead a ranch, and ran everything from an inn for travelers to serving liquor he made on the premise during Prohibition days.
His most successful endeavor in the canyon was a bus route he ran in 1924 from Salesville (now Gallatin Gateway) to Yellowstone National Park.
The Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator (SWIG) is an open-source software tool used to connect computer programs or libraries written in C or C++ with scripting languages such as Lua, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Ruby, Tcl, and other languages like C#, Java, JavaScript, Go, D, OCaml, Octave, Scilab and Scheme.
The aim is to allow the calling of native functions (that were written in C or C++) by other programming languages, passing complex data types to those functions, keeping memory from being inappropriately freed, inheriting object classes across languages, etc.
SWIG will generate conversion code for functions with simple arguments; conversion code for complex types of arguments must be written by the programmer.
SWIG wraps simple C declarations by creating an interface that closely matches the way in which the declarations would be used in a C program.
The initial author and main developer was David M. Beazley who developed SWIG while working as a graduate student at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Utah and while on the faculty at the University of Chicago.
Haoyu Bai spent his summers on SWIG's Python 3.0 Backend, Jan Jezabek worked on Support for generating COM wrappers, Cheryl Foil spent her time on Comment 'Translator' for SWIG, and Maciej Drwal worked on a C backend.
The Negroni is a popular Italian cocktail, made of one part gin, one part vermouth rosso (red, semi-sweet), and one part Campari, garnished with orange peel.
A properly made Negroni is stirred, not shaken, and (classically) built over ice in an old fashioned or ‘rocks’ glass and garnished with a slice of orange.
Outside of Italy an orange peel is often used in place of an orange slice, either is acceptable though an orange slice is more traditional.
While the drink's origins are unknown, the most widely reported account is that it was first mixed in Florence, Italy, in 1919, at Caffè Casoni (formerly Caffè Giacosa), located on Via de' Tornabuoni and now called Caffè Roberto Cavalli.
Count Camillo Negroni concocted it by asking the bartender, Fosco Scarselli, to strengthen his favorite cocktail, the Americano, by adding gin rather than the normal soda water.
The bartender also added an orange garnish rather than the typical lemon garnish of the Americano to signify that it was a different drink.
After the success of the cocktail, the Negroni family founded Negroni Distillerie in Treviso, Italy, and produced a ready-made version of the drink, sold as Antico Negroni 1919.
Cocktail historian David Wondrich has researched Camillo Negroni, who was born on 25 May 1868 to Enrico Negroni and Ada Savage Landor, and died in Florence on 25 September 1934.
Descendants of General Pascal Olivier de Negroni, Count de Negroni, say he was the Count Negroni who invented the drink in 1857 in Senegal.
This was partly due to British concerns about escalating the war too early, but also to avoid scaring off more lucrative targets such as the Argentine aircraft carrier .
The sella is a flat, ridge-like structure at the center of the nose, rising from behind the nostrils, that points out perpendicular from the head.
Their hind limbs are not well developed, so they cannot walk on all fours; conversely, their wings are broad, making their flight particularly agile.
Their roost habits are diverse; some species are found in large colonies in caves, some prefer hollow trees, and others sleep in the open, among the branches of trees.
Members of northern populations may hibernate during the winter, while a few are known to aestivate; at least one species is migratory.
Like many Vespertilionidae bats, females of some rhinolophid species mate during the fall and store the sperm over the winter, conceiving and gestating young beginning in the spring.
Horseshoe bats are closely related to the family Hipposideridae, which is often included within the Rhinolophidae; however, it is now considered a separate family.
The phylogenomic relationships of hipposiderid and rhinolophid bats has implications for their potential as reservoirs for coronaviruses that may cause a SARS-like epidemic in humans.
It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is closely associated with University College London (UCL).
The hospital is located on Euston Road in the Bloomsbury area of the London Borough of Camden, adjacent to the main campus of UCL.
UCH was split from UCL in 1905, and a new hospital building designed by Alfred Waterhouse, known as the Cruciform Building, was opened in 1906 on Gower Street.
The building was purchased by UCL, for use as the home for the Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and the teaching facility for UCL bioscience and medical students UCL Medical School.
A new 75,822 m² hospital, procured under the Private Finance Initiative in 2000, designed by Llewelyn Davies Yeang and built by a joint venture of AMEC and Balfour Beatty at a cost of £422 million, opened in 2005.
In November 2008, the £70 million Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing was opened, allowing the hospital to offer all women's health services in one place (except some breast and gynaecology services).
It is also a major centre for medical research and part of both the UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centre and the UCL Partners academic health science centre.
Nancy Theresa Lord (born February 8, 1952) is an American politician and was the vice-presidential candidate of the United States Libertarian Party in the 1992 presidential election, as the running-mate of Andre Marrou.
She also ran for Nye County, Nevada District Attorney as a Republican in 2010, and for District 5 Judge in 2012.
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, also known as 'Evo', is a sports sedan based on the Lancer that was manufactured by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors from 1992 until 2016.
Mitsubishi decided to export the eighth generation Evolution to the United States in 2003 after witnessing the success Subaru had in that market with their long-time direct rival, the Subaru Impreza WRX STi.
Japanese-spec versions of all Evos until the release of the Evo IX in 2005 were limited by a gentlemen's agreement to advertise no more than .
However, sources say Mitsubishi had already been producing cars with more power but had been underrating the official power outputs in order to be in compliance with the agreement.
Therefore, each subsequent version has unofficially evolved above the advertised power figures, with the Japanese-spec Evolution IX reaching an alleged output of around .
The tenth and final generation of the Lancer Evolution (Evo X) was launched in Japan in 2007, and overseas markets in 2008.
The first Lancer Evolution used the 2.0 L turbocharged DOHC engine and AWD drivetrain from the original Galant VR-4 in a Lancer chassis, and was sold in GSR and RS models.
This engine was also used in the Mitsubishi RVR with the Hyper Sports Gear trim package, and the Mitsubishi Chariot Resort Runner GT.
The RS was a stripped-down version that lacked power windows and seats, anti-lock brakes, a rear wiper, and had steel wheels to weigh approximately less than the GSR, ready for racing or tuning.
The GSR version of the Evolution I was the only Evolution Lancer released with a Viscous Limited Slip Rear Differential (VLSD).
It consisted mainly of handling improvements, including minor wheelbase adjustments, lighter front swaybar that connected via swaybar links to the front struts, bodywork tweaks including a larger spoiler, and tires that were wider.
Most cars came with 15 inch OZ 5-spoke wheels from the factory, although some RS models sold to privateer racing teams left the factory with steel wheels.
February 1995 saw the arrival of the Evolution 3, following a pre-release in 1993 which had several improvements over the previous models.
The engine was improved and had a higher compression ratio than before, and a new turbocharger compressor (65 mm to 68 mm), which resulted in a power output of at 6,250 rpm, at 3,000 rpm.
In the story, the car featured upgrades to the engine to produce 310 hp as well as an antilag (misfiring) system.
The Lancer platform was completely changed in 1996, and along with it, the Evolution, which had become extremely popular throughout the world.
The RS version was produced as a competition car with a limited-slip front differential and a friction type LSD at the rear.
The RS also had wind up windows, optional air conditioning in some models, and a few extra brace bars to strengthen the chassis, one behind the front grill another across the boot floor and an aluminum rear strut tower brace.
The GSR and the RS shared a new twin scroll turbocharger which helped to improve response and increase power to at 6,500 rpm and torque at 4,000 rpm.
The Evolution IV can be distinguished by its two large fog lights in the front bumper (option on RS version), and the newly designed tail lights on the rear, which became a standard design to Evolution V, which would become yet another trademark of the Evolution series, note the RS has no light mounts on the boot/trunk for further weight saving.
This new generation was slightly heavier than previous Evo's—the GSR in particular due to the added technology systems—but to counter this the car produced even more power—the weight of the RS being and the GSR being (Sunroof model ).
Much of the technical improvements for this generation were also used in the second generation Mitsubishi RVR originally sold only in Japan but since exported to Australia and New Zealand.
It received a larger intercooler, larger oil cooler, and new pistons, along with a titanium-aluminide turbine wheel for the RS model, which was a first in a production car.
The Evolution VI received new bodywork yet again, with the most easily noticeable change being within the front bumper where the huge fog lights were reduced in size and moved to the corners for better airflow.
A new model was added to the GSR and RS lineup; known as the RS2, it was an RS with a few of the GSR's options.
Another limited-edition RS was known as the RS Sprint, an RS tuned by Ralliart in the UK to be lighter and more powerful with .
Yet another special edition Evolution VI was released in December 1999: the Tommi Mäkinen Edition, named after Finnish rally driver Tommi Mäkinen who had won Mitsubishi four WRC drivers championships.
Amongst other colours, the Evo VI came in either red (Tommi Mäkinen Edition only), white, blue, black or silver with optional special decals, replicating Tommi Mäkinen's rally car's colour scheme.
In 2001, Mitsubishi was forced by the FIA to race in the WRC using WRC rules for building a car instead of the Group A class rules, and thus did not need to follow homologation rules.
The Evolution VII was based on the larger Lancer Cedia platform and as a result gained more weight over the Evolution VI, but Mitsubishi made up for this with multiple important chassis tweaks.
The biggest change was the addition of an active center differential and a more effective limited-slip differential, while a front helical limited-slip differential was added.
The introduction of the Evolution VII also marked the first time an automatic drivetrain was included within the model lineup—the GT-A.
Seen as the 'gentleman's express' version of the visually similar VII GSR and the RS2, the GT-A model was only produced in 2002 and had the following distinguishing interior and exterior specification: GT-A-only diamond cut finish alloy wheels, clear rear light lenses and all-in-one style front headlights (later used on the Evolution VIII).
The GT-A had the option of either no spoiler, the short spoiler (as per the Lancer Cedia; and later used on the Evolution VIII 260) or the thunderspoiler as used on the standard Evolution VII models.
Although offering inferior cooling capabilities, the bonnet was designed to give a cleaner line through the air with less air resistance at motorway speeds.
The GT-A interior was different in that it had chromed door handles, a different instrument panel (to show the gear selection) and chrome edged bezels around the speedo and tach.
The GT-A also had additional sound deadening installed from the factory and the engine manifold and downpipe had been engineered to be quieter.
The gears could be manually selected as with most Tiptronics via steering wheel + and – buttons (a pair both sides) or via selecting the tiptronic gate with the gear lever.
The GT-A gearbox did not appear again in the Evolution VIII but has been installed in the estate version of the Evolution IX Wagon.
The aluminium roof panel and other reductions in body weight have lowered the centre of gravity to produce more natural roll characteristics.
Detail improvements have also been made to Mitsubishi's own electronic four-wheel drive, to the ACD 5 + Super AYC 6 traction control, and to the Sports ABS systems.
The Lancer Evolution VIII displayed at the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show took the MR designation traditionally reserved for Mitsubishi Motors high-performance models (first used for the Galant GTO).
The FQ-400, sold through Ralliart UK, produced at 6,400 rpm and maximum torque of at 5,500 rpm, from its 4G63 inline-four engine, the result of special modifications by United Kingdom tuning firms Rampage Tuning, Owen Developments, and Flow Race Engines.
With a curb weight of , it achieves 0– in 3.5 seconds, 0– in 9.1 seconds, in 12.1 seconds at , and a top speed of while costing £48,000.
The Stig recorded a Top Gear Power Lap Time of 1 minute and 24.8 seconds (damp track), 1.1 seconds slower than the Murciélago's time of 1 minute 23.7 seconds (dry track).
The Lancer Evolution VIII was also the first Evolution to be sold in the United States of America, spurred by the success of the Subaru Impreza WRX which had been released there just the year prior.
The Evolution VIII found its true competition in the Subaru Impreza WRX STI model the same year as the Evolution VIII's US introduction.
With its 2.0 liter, engine, the 2003 Evolution VIII was capable of achieving a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 5.1 seconds.
However, the internal components for the American versions were largely stripped-down versions of the specifications for the Japanese Lancer Evolution VIII.
The 2005 US spec RS and GSR have the ACD standard, and the front helical limited-slip differential is now standard on all models.
The boost, timing, and tuning are also significantly lower than its Japanese counterpart, allowing it to adhere to the strict emissions regulations of the United States.
Starting in 2005, the US model Evos were also fitted with a 5500 rpm limit on launching in 1st gear to protect the drivetrain.
Furthermore, the US versions of the Lancer Evolution VIII 2003–2005 were given bulkier rear bumpers than their Japanese counterparts to accommodate US safety laws in the form of the metal rear crash bar.
The basic RS Edition does not come with power windows, locks, or mirrors, an audio system, rear wing, sound deadening material, map lamps or an anti-lock braking system.
Additionally, Evolution VIII MR Editions come equipped with a 6-speed transmission, Bilstein shocks, optional graphite grey color (unique to the Evolution VIII MR), optional BBS wheels and an optional vortex generator.
The MR Edition also received engine updates and reliability changes, the engine updates include larger turbo diameter mouth, updated cam profiles, lighter balance shafts and changed from single wastegate solenoid to dual solenoid.
Interior updates included black suede Recaro seats with higher side bolsters, carbon look dash trim, and MR badging on center console.
Mechanical changes saw S-AWC rear diff changes, a larger oil cooler core, ion coated piston rings, reinforced cylinder head and 5 layer head gasket compared to the 3 layer.
According to Mitsubishi Motors of North America (info from evolutionm.net) the total production sales in the U.S. for the Evolution VIII (2003–2005) was 12,846.
In 2004 production sales for the GSR was 1,254 and for the RS was 263 for a total of 1,517 for the 2004 model year.
In 2005 production sales for the GSR was 2,880, for the RS was 282, and for the MR was 1000 for a total of 4,162 for the 2005 model year.
Mitsubishi introduced the Lancer Evolution IX in Japan on March 3, 2005, and exhibited the car at the Geneva Motor Show for the European market the same day.
The 4G63 Inline-four engine has MIVEC technology (variable valve timing), and a revised turbocharger design boosting official power output at the crankshaft to and torque to .
The RS excluded features that came standard on the SE and MR models (stereo system, power windows and locks, rear wiper, rear wing, trunk lining and sound insulation).
Although the RS is the lightest of the group, the RS did not manage to outperform the standard IX and the MR around a road course (even if only by fractions of a second).
They are all capable of 0- times between 4.2–4.5 seconds, and can run times ranging from 12.6 to 13.3 (12.7–13.0 USA versions) seconds depending on the model/driver.
It is stripped of all the creature comforts, and other upgrades that drive the price up for features that the race teams would not require.
Additional revisions from 2005 included a closer gear ratio for the 5-speed manual transmission, new lighter Enkei wheels on non-MR models, a redesigned front end with a more efficient air dam (the most noticeable feature are the two small oval ducts to cool the intercooler pipes), and a new rear bumper with a diffuser undersurface to smooth out the airflow coming out of the car for non-US models.
HID headlights were no longer standard equipment on the base IX (nor were they standard on the 2005 VIII), and were available only in the SSL package (Sun, Sound, and Leather), SE (Special Edition) and MR trims.
In this setting, the ACD will almost immediately allow the center differential to go into a free state upon detecting a steering input.
Although the US versions did not come with the AYC, it did come with a rear 1.5way clutch type LSD (limited-slip differential), which limits the slip from both rear wheels causing less traction loss of the rear wheels.
In racing, Lancer Evolutions are not equipped with AYC or ACD because it is believed that better lap times are achieved by pure driver skill without any computer based assistance systems.
One of the changes from the previous iteration of the Lancer Evolution, was the change in the engine, the new 4G63 came with MIVEC, Mitsubishi's variable valve lifting technology, which drastically improves the fuel consumption by changing the valve timing on the intake cam.
While the new FQ-360 produced at 6,887 rpm (less horsepower than its predecessor), although it had more torque at at 3,200 rpm.
The Philippines had the Evolution IX until in August 2008, which was offered in two trims, the entry-level RS offering a 5-speed manual transmission, Brembo 17-in.
Brembo 16-in ventilated drum-in-disc (2-Pot) and almost the same features as to that of the GSR trim in the international version.
The MR was the top-of-the-line segment, which offered almost the same features as to that of the MR trim in the international version.
The automatic variant uses a non-MIVEC 4G63 sourced from the Evo VIII with a smaller turbo for increased low down torque.
This includes all GT, GT-A & MR versions even though Mitsubishi's 2005 Press Release said they intended to make 2500 Evolution Wagons.
Rarity: Only approximately 15% of these cars had the 6 speed manual transmissions combined with the Evo IX MIVEC engine whilst the remaining wagons were GT-A versions.
The manual transmissioned GT Evolution Wagon didn't weigh much more than the Evo IX sedan but the additional approx was due to its Steel turret, steel anti-intrusion bars in doors and the heavier foldable rear seat.
Evo Wagon GT-A are heavier (approx ) due to their automatic transmission and the additional weight described above in the GT wagon.
Even though the Evo Wagon was made exclusively for the Japanese market some of these cars have found new homes in Europe, UK, Russia, Asia and Australia.
Compared to the Evo IX sedan, the Evolution Wagon received front seat which had lower bolsters for easier entry and exit of the vehicle.
In 2005, Mitsubishi introduced a concept version of the next-gen Evolution at the 39th Tokyo Motor Show named the Concept-X, designed by Omer Halilhodžić at the company's European design centre.
The car also has a new full-time four-wheel drive system named S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control), an advanced version of Mitsubishi's AWC system used in previous generations.
It has replaced the Tiptronic automatic transmission, hence the SST version replaced the GT-A version (which was used in Evolution VII and Evolution IX Wagon).
The Evolution X went on sale October 1, 2007 in Japan, January 2008 in the USA, February in Canada (as the first version of Evolution in Canada) and in March 2008 in the UK.
Most recent news shows that Mitsubishi has been leaning towards the Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV hybrid drivetrain, explaining that the electric motors will act as a turbo for the Evolution.
It is said that the car will feature electric power from a hybrid drivetrain, maintaining performance of 0-62 mph (100 km/h) time under five seconds while cutting CO2 emissions.
It had special production badges that were put on the center console indicating which number it is of the 1,600 made for the U.S.
Soon after the end of the Lancer Evolution's production run, Mitsubishi announced that the already-outdated CY2A Lancer (of which the Lancer Evolution X is based on) would cease production in 2016 with no successor (except in Taiwan, Philippines, and other Chinese-speaking markets), ending Mitsubishi's involvement in the highly-competitive compact car segment.
The Lancer Evolution is unique among its competitors in the World Rally Championship in that it was a homologated Group A car slightly modified to be able to race competitively against the then newly formed World Rally Car (WRC) regulations from the 1997 season.
Lancer Evolutions were successful in WRC Rallies from 1996 to 1999, mostly in the hands of Finnish driver Tommi Mäkinen, clinching driver's titles in four-consecutive seasons from 1996 to 1999 (in Evolutions III, IV, V, and VI), and with the help of teammate Richard Burns in clinching the constructors' championship for the first, and thus far only time in 1998.
The Evolution however was replaced in late 2001 by the firm's first World Rally Car, named simply the Lancer Evolution WRC, which was driven by Makinen, Freddy Loix, Alister McRae and Francois Delecour with relatively limited success, until Mitsubishi took a sabbatical from the championship at the end of 2002.
Mitsubishi pulled out of the World Rally Championship after the 2005 season with the Lancer WRC05 still being driven by privateers including Italian former works driver Gigi Galli and the Swede, Daniel Carlsson, in the years following.
Proton Motors of Malaysia raced Evolution III's, Evolution V's (most notable with Proton 1784 where Malaysian driver Karamjit Singh won the 2002 Production Car WRC) and an Evolution VII as the Proton PERT in various Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and APAC rally series.
CyberEvo's CT9A chassis Lancer Evolution (now retired) previously held the OEM chassis record at Japan's Tsukuba Circuit for Time Attack, as well as the Australian record at Eastern Creek Raceway.
The Lancer Evolution VIII was used in Stock Car Brasil from 2005 to 2008, with Cacá Bueno won the series twice from 2006 to 2007.
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evo has also been used by professional drifters in countries like Japan, Italy and Poland, with notable results being obtained by driver Naoto Suenaga of Team Orange.
The Evolution IX won the European Hill Climb Championship 10 times since 2007, with 9 wins also in the FIA International Hill Climb Cup.
She was the United States Libertarian Party candidate for vice-president in the 1996 U.S. presidential election, the running mate of presidential candidate Harry Browne.
In August 2019, Jorgensen filed with the FEC to run for the office of President of the United States as a Libertarian in the 2020 election.
He became party leader after UN leader and former Premier Antonio Barrette lost the 1960 election and resigned his seat and the UN leadership a few months later.
In January 1961, he was replaced as interim UN leader and leader of the Opposition by Antonio Talbot, and he did not run in the 1962 election.
Prior to his provincial political career, Prevost served as mayor of the city of Beauport (now part of Quebec City) from 1948 to 1952 and was worked for the Beauport School Board for nearly 20 years at high-class various positions.
Malibu Creek State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving the Malibu Creek canyon in the Santa Monica Mountains.
It follows the creek down to the Pacific Ocean and includes the Adamson House and creek's mouth in the Malibu Lagoon at the beach.
In 1903 a dam was built nearby, creating a lake which was later purchased by 20th Century Fox and named Century Lake.
This created a contiguous block of public parkland from this park to Corral Canyon Park and will provide a path for the Coastal Slope Trail.
In 2018 substantial portions of the park, including the Reagan ranch and the Fox Ranch location for many films and television shows, were burned and destroyed by the Woolsey Fire.
Most recently an area was annexed to the park known as the King Gillette Ranch, with a landmark Spanish Colonial Revival style residence and estate buildings designed by renowned architect Wallace Neff in the 1920s for owner King C. Gillette, the early-20th-century inventor and manufacturer of the Gillette disposable razor.
It was later used by the Catholic Claretian Order as Claretville in the 1950s–60s, then by several other spiritual groups, and finally by Soka University in the 1990s until the recent purchase for the park.
The landscape was particularly seen in the opening credits for the show as helicopters carrying wounded approach the hospital with the recognizable Goat Buttes in the background.
Another long distance trail, the Coastal Slope Trail, is under construction and will pass through the remote southern tip of the park.
Countee Cullen (born Countee LeRoy Porter; May 30, 1903 – January 9, 1946) was an American poet, novelist, children's writer, and playwright, particularly well known during the Harlem Renaissance.
Although Cullen claimed to be born in New York City, he also frequently referred to Louisville, Kentucky as his birthplace on legal applications.
Cullen was brought to Harlem at age nine by Amanda Porter, believed to be his paternal grandmother, who cared for him until her death in 1917.
Reverend Frederick A. Cullen, pastor of Salem Methodist Episcopal Church, Harlem's largest congregation, and his wife, the former Carolyn Belle Mitchell, adopted the 15-year-old Countee Porter, although it may not have been official.
The influential minister would become president of the Harlem chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
At DeWitt, he was elected into the honor society, was editor of the weekly newspaper, and was elected vice-president of his graduating class.
Locke also sought to present the authentic natures of sex and sexuality through writing, creating a kind of relationship with those who felt the same.
Locke introduced Cullen to gay-affirming material, such as the work of Edward Carpenter, at a time when most gays were in the closet.
Letters between Cullen and Atkinson suggest a romantic interest, although there is no concrete evidence that they were in a homosexual relationship.
They met in the summer of 1923 when both were in college: she was at Fisk University and he was at NYU.
Cullen's parents owned a summer home in Pleasantville, New Jersey near the Jersey Shore, and Yolande and her family were likely also vacationing in the area when they first met.
Every detail of the wedding, including the rail car used for transportation and Cullen receiving the marriage license four days prior to the wedding day, was considered big news and was reported to the public by the African-American press.
After the newly wedded couple had a short honeymoon, Cullen traveled to Paris with his guardian/father, Frederick Cullen, and best man, Harold Jackman.
Her father wrote separately to Cullen, saying that he thought Yolande's lack of sexual experience was the reason the marriage did not work out.
The young, dashing Jackman was a school teacher and, thanks to his noted beauty, a prominent figure among Harlem's gay elite.
Jackman's diaries, letters, and outstanding collections of memorabilia are held in various depositories across the country, such as the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University in New Orleans and Atlanta University (now Clark Atlanta University) in Atlanta, Georgia.
At Cullen's death, Jackman requested that his collection in Georgia be renamed, from the Harold Jackman Collection to the Countee Cullen Memorial Collection, in honor of his friend.
After Jackman died of cancer in 1961, the collection at Clark Atlanta University was renamed as the Cullen-Jackman Collection to honor them both.
The Harlem Renaissance movement was centered in the cosmopolitan community of Harlem, in New York City, which had attracted talented migrants from across the country.
Countee Cullen's work intersects with the Harlem community and such prominent figures of the Renaissance as Duke Ellington and poet and playwright Langston Hughes.
The social, cultural, and artistic explosion known as the Harlem Renaissance was the first time in American history that a large body of literary, art and musical work was contributed by African-American writers and artists.
From 1934 until the end of his life, he taught English, French, and creative writing at Frederick Douglass Junior High School in New York City.
The Broadway musical, set in a poor black neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri, was criticized by black intellectuals for creating a negative image of black Americans.
He was a firm believer that poetry surpassed race and that it could be used to bring the races closer together.
Although race was a recurring theme in his works, Cullen wanted to be known as a poet not strictly defined by race.
Countee Cullen developed his Eurocentric style of writing from his exposure to Graeco-Roman Classics and English Literature, work he was exposed to while attending prestigious universities like New York University and Harvard.
Although Cullen's continued to develop themes of race and identity in his work, Cullen found artistic inspiration in ancient Greek and Roman literature.
Countee Cullen believed that African-American poets should work within the English conventions of poetry to prove to white Americans that African Americans could participate in these classic traditions.
He believed using a more traditional style of writing poetry would allow African-Americans to build bridges between the black and white communities.
It has been said that his poems fall into a variety of categories: those that with no mention were made of color.
Through Cullen's writing, readers can view his own subjectivity of his inner workings and how he viewed the Negro soul and mind.
He discusses the psychology of African Americans in his writings and gives an extra dimension which forces the reader to see a harsh reality of Americas past time.
During the Harlem Renaissance, Cullen, Hughes, and other poets were using their creative energy trying fuse Africa into the narrative of their African American lives.
By the time Cullen published this book of poetry, the concept of the Black Messiah was prevalent in other African-American writers such as Langston Hughes, Claude Mackay, and Jean Toomer.
(the poem portrays that the love is necessary to continue in life and that is basic to life as the corner stone or the fundamental of building home ).
NLX (short for New Low Profile eXtended) was a form factor proposed by Intel and developed jointly with IBM, DEC, and other vendors for low profile, low cost, mass-marketed retail PCs.
It was modernized and updated to allow support for the latest technologies while keeping costs down and fixing the main problems with LPX.
IBM, Gateway, and NEC produced a fair number of NLX computers in the late 1990s, primarily for Socket 370 (Pentium II-III and Celeron), but NLX never enjoyed the widespread acceptance that LPX had.
Most importantly, one of the largest PC manufacturers, Dell decided against using NLX and created their own proprietary motherboards for use in their slimline systems.
Although many of these computers and motherboards are still available secondhand, new production has essentially ceased, and in the slimline and small form factor market, NLX has been superseded by the Micro-ATX, FlexATX, and Mini-ITX form factors.
Lanškroun (; ), also known as Lanskron, Lanscron, Landeskrone or Kronland, is a town and municipality in the Ústí nad Orlicí District, Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.
It is on the border between the former provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, and it has a population of approximately 10,000.
Until the expulsion of most of the German speaking population from the Czechoslovakia in 1945 (see the Beneš decrets), the majority of population of the town had been German: in 1930, there were 6497 inhabitants and among these 83% were German and 17% Czech.
A Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is a system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an obstacle.
A CFIT accident is one where a properly functioning airplane under the control of a fully qualified and certified crew is flown into terrain, water or obstacles with no apparent awareness on the part of the crew.
Findings from these studies indicated that many such accidents could have been avoided if a warning device called a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) had been used.
As a result of these studies and recommendations from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), in 1974 the FAA required all large turbine and turbojet airplanes to install TSO-approved GPWS equipment.
In March 2000, the U.S. FAA amended operating rules to require that all U.S. registered turbine-powered airplanes with six or more passenger seats (exclusive of pilot and copilot seating) be equipped with an FAA-approved TAWS.
Prior to the development of GPWS, large passenger aircraft were involved in 3.5 fatal CFIT accidents per year, falling to 2 per year in the mid-1970s.
A 2006 report stated that from 1974, when the U.S. FAA made it a requirement for large aircraft to carry such equipment, until the time of the report, there had not been a single passenger fatality in a CFIT crash by a large jet in U.S. airspace.
Older TAWS, or deactivation of the EGPWS, or ignoring its warnings when airport is not in its database, or even the entire EGPWS altogether still leave aircraft vulnerable to possible CFIT incidents.
In April 2010, a Polish Air Force Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft crashed near Smolensk, Russia, in a possible CFIT accident killing all passengers and crew, including the Polish President.
In January 2008 a Polish Air Force Casa C-295M crashed in a CFIT accident near Mirosławiec, Poland, despite being equipped with EGPWS; the EGPWS warning sounds had been disabled, and the pilot-in-command was not properly trained with EGPWS.
If there is a dramatic change in terrain, such as a steep slope, GPWS will not detect the aircraft closure rate until it is too late for evasive action.
When the landing gear is down and landing flaps are deployed, the GPWS expects the airplane to land and therefore, issues no warning.
The occurrence of a GPWS alert typically happens at a time of high workload and nearly always surprises the flight crew.
Almost certainly, the aircraft is not where the pilot thinks it should be, and the response to a GPWS warning can be late in these circumstances.
Warning time can also be short if the aircraft is flying into steep terrain since the downward looking radio altimeter is the primary sensor used for the warning calculation.
The EGPWS improves terrain awareness and warning times by introducing the Terrain Display and the Terrain Data Base Look Ahead protection.
In commercial and airline operations there are legally mandated procedures that must be followed should an EGPWS caution or warning occur.
TAWS equipment is not required by the U.S. FAA in piston-engined aircraft, but optional equipment categorised as TAWS Type C may be installed.
Depending on the type of operation, TAWS is only required to be installed into turbine-powered aircraft with six or more passenger seats.
A smaller and less expensive version of EGPWS was developed by AlliedSignal (now merged with Honeywell) for general aviation and private aircraft.
For fast military aircraft, the high speed and low altitude that may frequently be flown make traditional GPWS systems unsuitable, as the blind spot becomes the critical part.
Thus, an enhanced system is required, taking inputs not only from the radar altimeter, but also from inertial navigation system (INS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and flight control system (FCS), using these to accurately predict the flight path of the aircraft up to ahead.
Digital maps of terrain and obstacle features are then used to determine whether a collision is likely if the aircraft does not pull up at a given pre-set g-level.
On May 5, 2016 a military GPWS called Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System (Auto-GCAS) equipped aboard an F-16 made a dramatic save after a trainee pilot lost consciousness from excessive G forces during basic fighter manoeuvre training.
In an approximately 55 degree nose down attitude at 8,760 ft and 652 KIAS (750 mph), the Auto-GCAS detected the aircraft was going to strike the terrain and executed an automatic recovery, saving the pilot's life.
Upon the death of his father Wihtred, the kingdom was ruled by his three sons, Æthelbert II, Eadberht I and Alric.
As king he issued further charters, confirmed a charter of his brother Eadberht I, and witnessed a charter of his nephew Eardwulf.
During the latter half of Æthelberht II's rule, Kent was under the overlordship of Mercia, but Æthelberht II maintained his position as king.
The State University of New York College at Plattsburgh (SUNY Plattsburgh or Plattsburgh State College) is a public liberal arts college in Plattsburgh, New York.
The college is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Former state politician and influential Plattsburgh businessman, Smith M. Weed, championed endlessly the cause to build a state normal school (a teachers' college) in the city of Plattsburgh.
After multiple proposals to the New York state senate going as far back as 1869, The final bill was formally proposed on January 12, 1888 by George S. Weed, Smith Weed's son and then state assemblyman.
With the strong backing of Assemblyman General Stephen Moffitt, the Plattsburgh Normal and Training School bill was passed by both houses of the New York State Legislature and signed into law by Governor David B. Hill in June 1889.
Plattsburgh State Normal and Training School officially opened with its first day of classes on the morning of September 3, 1890.
Aided by high winds and the building's well-oiled floors, the structure was engulfed in flames within a half-hour and demolished within an hour.
Six children who were being given music lessons were safely lowered out the second story window by their teacher Lyndon Street.
This half-day schooling arrangement was necessary for the survival of Plattsburgh Normal School but proved to be too disruptive to public school students, and the practice was discontinued in September 1930.
The new structure was completed in 1932, and in 1955 it was named Hawkins Hall in honor of George K. Hawkins, the principal of Plattsburgh Normal School from 1898 to 1933.
Plattsburgh State Normal and Training School was renamed State University of New York College at Plattsburgh when it joined the State University of New York (SUNY) system with its establishment in 1948.
When the school became part of the SUNY system, it changed from a two-year teacher's institution to a four-year, public liberal arts college.
During the 1960s and 1970s, SUNY Plattsburgh, as well as the whole State University of New York system, underwent rapid growth.
Many of the more modern buildings on campus were constructed during this time period, including the Angell College Center, Feinberg Library, and one low-rise and several high-rise dormitories.
In fall 2017, enrollment was 5,719 students, the first year of increased enrollments after several years of declining enrollment at the college.
In the 21st century, the campus has seen the completion of two new buildings: the Hudson Hall Annex and Au Sable Hall.
Prior to the founding of the SUNY system, the chief executive of the Plattsburgh State Normal and Training School was known as the principal.
When the SUNY system was founded in 1948 and the Normal School joined and became SUNY Plattsburgh, Charles Ward, who was principal at the time, became the president of the college.
The primary campus of the State University of New York at Plattsburgh is in the city of Plattsburgh, in the North Country region of upstate New York.
SUNY Plattsburgh also has a strong connection with Canada due to the Canada–US border being just north and the city of Montreal just over away.
The SUNY Plattsburgh main campus consists of 36 buildings on , in an area just west of the intersection of Broad Street and Rugar Street.
The center of campus is Amité Plaza, a large outdoor courtyard surrounded by many of the most essential buildings on campus, including the Angell College Center, the Myers Fine Arts Building, and Feinberg Library.
SUNY Plattsburgh also has remote sites, ranging from Valcour Educational Conference Center in nearby Peru, New York to a Branch Campus in Queensbury, New York (near Glens Falls).
Consisting of several cabins with beds, a lake, a low-ropes course, and a dining building, Twin Valleys is used for a variety of events, including RA training, dorm floor trips, and the annual Odyssey experience.
Enyedi is a member of the SUNY Plattsburgh College Council, which serves as an oversight and advisory body to the senior administration within the State University of New York system.
In accordance with New York State Education Law, nine of the ten Council members are appointed to seven-year terms by the Governor of New York, with the one student elected to the remaining post for a one-year term.
The college offers more than 60 baccalaureate degrees and a wide variety of minors within three principal academic divisions; Arts and Sciences, an internationally accredited School of Business, and Education, Health and Human Services.
In 2005, 4,061 students (75%) were categorized as White, 261 (5%) Black, 216 (4%) Hispanic, and 111 (2%) of Asian/Pacific Islands descent.
That year, SUNY Plattsburgh stated it was their goal to raise the number of minority students from 11% to 13% or greater by 2010.
The number of incoming freshmen who classified themselves as minority rose to 16% in 2007, 17.2% in 2009, and to 22.5% in 2011.
Over 90% of students originate from within New York state, 4% of students come from other states, and foreign students comprise 5% of the student population.
The remaining 10% of funds raised by The Plattsburgh Fund goes towards activities, improvements in campus technology and improvements in the welfare of the college.
Depending on the sport, Plattsburgh teams compete within the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC) or the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC).
Cardinal Hockey is the most notable of Plattsburgh State sports, featuring perennial national powerhouses in both men's and women's ice hockey.
The women's hockey team has won six NCAA D-III Championships (2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017) and five ECAC Western Division Championships (2006, 2007, 2013, 2014, and 2015).
The 2013–2014 Lady Cardinals' team blew out the Norwich Cadets in the 2014 NCAA Championship in Ronald B. Stafford Arena, 9–2 in front of a crowd of over 1600.
The 2006–2007 Lady Cardinals' team that won the National Championship went undefeated (27–0–2); a feat accomplished for just the fourth time in NCAA hockey history (men's or women's at any level).
For the men's team, Tracey Belanger (1999), Jason Desloover (1998), Steve Moffat (1998), Lenny Pereira (1993, 1994), Joe Ferras (1987), Peter DeArmas (1985), Gaetan D'Anjou (1982), and Doug Kimura (1980, 1981) have been first team All-Americans.
For the women's team, Shannon Stewart (2013), Alison Era (2013), Sydney Aveson (2013), Teal Gove (2012), Kara Buehler (2011), Stephanie Moberg (2009) Bree Doyle (2006, 2007), Danielle Blanchard (2007, 2008), Jenn Clarke (2006), Erin O'Brien (2005), and Elizabeth Gibson (2004) have been first team All-Americans.
In 1990, the Cardinal Hockey Boosters Club began a tradition of fans throwing hundreds of tennis balls onto the ice after the first SUNY Plattsburgh goal was scored against the visiting SUNY Oswego Lakers.
It is believed that tennis balls were chosen because the Head Coach for Oswego's hockey team was also the school's tennis coach; because tennis balls matched the bright yellow color of the Lakers' jerseys; or because the tennis coach from Oswego State had left to work for Plattsburgh.
The SUNY Plattsburgh tradition of throwing tennis balls at home games against Oswego lasted for 18 years but, following Oswego's lead two years earlier, it was finally ended by school administrators on January 25, 2008.
Since that time, Cardinals basketball has gone to seven NCAA tournaments (1975, 1995, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2013), including a Final Four appearance in 1976.
Not only was the team's first playoff appearance in the 2013, but also the team's first ever hosted playoff game, first ever victory in a playoff game and first ever appearance in the SUNYAC championship.
That game resulted in a 9–2 loss to SUNY Cortland though SUNY Plattsburgh was the first team to hold SUNY Cortland under double digits that entire season.
The men's track and field team has boasted nineteen NCAA All-American athletes, including two Nationals Champions; Andy Hastings (1986) and Chris Verkey (1998).
Their mission is to voice the concerns and interests of the students, as well as provide services, programs, and activities for the college community.
Then-president of the college George Angell encouraged student Marty Mannix to pitch the idea for a new student run government to the administration and student body.
The HSA organizes and coordinates a wide variety of social activities to benefit the honors students, the campus, and the Plattsburgh community.
In 2007, the Associated Collegiate Press named Cardinal Points as a finalist for a Newspaper Pacemaker Award, the highest award given to college media.
Plattsburgh State also has a full color local magazine published annually, once called All Points North, now renamed Do North since 2013.
Organized by the Office of Housing and Residence Life, each residence hall has a residence hall council, each headed by a respective elected president, vice president, secretary, and representatives for each floor.
Using a budget provided from the Hall Council Fees portion of tuition, hall council members acting as a small municipal body organize events, parties, barbecues, tournaments, and sometimes competitions or collaborations with other residence halls on campus.
The player has to drive Alex through an obstacle course and get to the finishing point without other competitors trying to push him off his bike.
He replaced Yves Prévost as interim UN leader and leader of the Opposition after the latter had served in those capacities for a few months following the resignation of former Premier Antonio Barrette from the UN leadership.
In September 1961, Daniel Johnson, Sr. was elected as the new leader of the Union Nationale, thereby replacing interim party leader Talbot as the leader of the Opposition.
In computing, a zombie is a computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker, computer virus or trojan horse program and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction.
Zombie computers have been used extensively to send e-mail spam; as of 2005, an estimated 50–80% of all spam worldwide was sent by zombie computers.
This allows spammers to avoid detection and presumably reduces their bandwidth costs, since the owners of zombies pay for their own bandwidth.
Zombies can be used to conduct distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, a term which refers to the orchestrated flooding of target websites by large numbers of computers at once.
The large number of Internet users making simultaneous requests of a website's server is intended to result in crashing and the prevention of legitimate users from accessing the site.
The effectiveness of this tactic springs from the fact that intense flooding can be quickly detected and remedied, but pulsing zombie attacks and the resulting slow-down in website access can go unnoticed for months and even years.
Notable incidents of distributed denial- and degradation-of-service attacks in the past include the attack upon the SPEWS service in 2003, and the one against Blue Frog service in 2006.
An attack on grc.com is discussed at length, and the perpetrator, a 13-year-old probably from Sardis, Mississippi, was identified on the Gibson Research Web site.
Later that month, researcher Charlie Miller revealed a proof of concept text message worm for the iPhone at Black Hat Briefings.
Honorifics in Japanese may be used to emphasize social distance or disparity in rank, or to emphasize social intimacy or similarity in rank.
The system is very extensive, having its own special vocabulary and grammatical forms to express various levels of respectful, humble, and polite speech.
The choice of pronoun used, for example, will express the social relationship between the person speaking and the person being referred to.
When asking for cooperation: the first is usual and polite, the latter is very formal, but often found in writing, especially in posters or flyers.
Linguistically, the former two are referent honorifics, used for someone being talked about, and the last is an addressee honorific, used for someone being talked to.
Television presenters invariably use polite language, and it is the form of the language first taught to most non-native learners of Japanese.
In general, respectful language is directed at those in positions of power; for example, a superior at work, or a customer.
In general, humble language is used when describing one's actions or the actions of a person in one's in-group to others such as customers in business.
This is commonly achieved by adding the prefix or to a word and used in conjunction with the polite form of verbs.
Training in honorifics usually does not take place at school or university, so company trainees are trained in correct use of honorifics to customers and superiors.
For example, members of one's own company are referred to with humble forms when speaking with an external person; similarly, family members of the speaker are referred to humbly when speaking to guests.
Not speaking politely enough can be insulting, and speaking too politely can be distancing (and therefore also insulting) or seem sarcastic.
Children generally speak using plain informal speech, but they are expected to master politeness and honorifics by the end of their teenage years.
The standards are inconsistently applied towards foreigners, though most textbooks attempt to teach the polite style before considering to teach any of the other styles.
However, in many settings, such as in customer service, there will be little or no difference between male and female speech.
The informal style is used among friends, the distal or polite style by inferiors when addressing superiors and among strangers or casual acquaintances, and the formal style generally in writing or prepared speeches.
In some contexts, where both the imperfective (incomplete: present/future) and perfective (complete: past) tenses are acceptable, the perfective is considered more polite.
Since verbs come at the end of the sentence in Japanese, most of the factors of formality, politeness, and respect are expressed at the very end of each sentence.
Beyond simply increased politeness, this form is more formal, and is used when addressing a group, or as a general instruction, rather than directed at a particular person.
These prefixes are essentially untranslatable, but their use indicates a polite respect for the item named or the person to or about whom one is speaking.
As with honorific word forms and titles, honorific prefixes are used when referring to or speaking with a social superior, or speaking about a superior's actions or possessions, but not usually when referring to oneself or one's own actions or possessions, or those of one's in-group.
The former, an everyday term, uses the usual kan-on reading, while the later, a specialized religious term, uses the older go-on reading.
Overuse of honorific prefixes may be taken as pretentious or simpering, and, as with other polite speech, they are more used by women than men.
The most commonly heard use is (Chinese verb), which is used pervasively in recorded announcement in Japan (escalators, trains and subways, turning trucks), but other verbs are also used frequently, such as (Japanese verb).
While English has different registers, its levels of formality and politeness are not as formalized or as clearly defined as in Japanese.
Some convenience stores and fast-food restaurants teach their young and part-time employees to verbally interact with customers in strictly prescribed ways laid down in instruction manuals.
Manual keigo includes forms which would be considered incorrect or at least non-standard in terms of traditional usage (keigo and otherwise).
The Union of Brest, or Union of Brześć, was the 1595-96 decision of the Ruthenian Orthodox Church eparchies (dioceses) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to break relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church and to enter into communion with, and place itself under the authority of the Pope of Rome.
Prior attempts to come to union with Catholic church were made on several occasions, including an instance in which the Metropolitan of Kiev Isidore signed the Union of Florence and technically united the Ruthenian Orthodox Church.
In 1588-1589 Patriarch of Constantinople Jeremias II traveled across the Eastern Europe, particularly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, where he finally since 1458 acknowledged the Russian Orthodox Church in Moscow and consecrated Patriarch Job of Moscow (previously held by Isidore of Kiev).
Patriarch Jeremias II deposed the Metropolitan of Kiev Onesiphorus Divochka and on approval of the King of Poland Sigismund III consecrated Michael Rohoza as the new Metropolitan of Kiev, Halych, and all Rus'.
After leaving of Jeremias II, in 1590 four out of nine bishops of the Ruthenian Orthodox Church (Vilnius) gathered in synod in the city of Brest and signed a declaration of their readiness to sign the union with Rome composed 33 articles of Union, which were accepted by the Pope of Rome.
At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support, mainly due to its enforcement on the Orthodox parishes, which stirred several massive uprisings.
On request of Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Hypatius Pociej left his post of Greater Castellan of Brześć Litewski and accepted from the King appointment to the Wlodzimierz eparchy.
Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski considered that the Metropolitan of Kijow should reach an agreement with eastern patriarchs, the Patriarch of Moscow, and Moldavian Orthodox Church for joint participation in agreement with the Latin Church.
Canon , of Vilnius, read in Ruthenian and Latin the letter of the Ruthenian episcopate to the Pope, dated 12 June 1595.
Cardinal Silvio Antoniani thanked the Ruthenian episcopate in the name of the Pope, and expressed his joy at the happy event.
Then Hipacy Pociej, Bishop of Volodymyr, in his own name and that of the Ruthenian episcopate, read in Latin the formula of abjuration of the Greek Schism, Bishop Cyril Terlecki of Lutsk read it in Ruthenian, and they affixed their signatures.
On the same day the bull ' was published, announcing to the Roman Catholic world the first time Ruthenians were in the unity of the Roman Church.
The bull recites the events which led to the union, the arrival of Pociej and Terlecki at Rome, their abjuration, and the concession to the Ruthenians that they should retain their own rite, saving such customs as were opposed to the purity of Catholic doctrine and incompatible with the communion of the Roman Church.
On 7 February 1596, Pope Clement VIII addressed to the Ruthenian episcopate the brief ', enjoining the convocation of a synod in which the Ruthenian bishops were to recite the profession of the Catholic Faith.
Various letters were also sent to the Polish king, princes, and magnates exhorting them to receive the Ruthenians under their protection.
Another bull, ', dated 23 February 1596, defined the rights of the Ruthenian episcopate and their relations in subjection to the Holy See.
The bishops asked to be dispensed from the obligation of introducing the Gregorian Calendar, so as to avoid popular discontent and dissensions, and insisted that the king should grant them, as of right, the dignity of senators.
The union was strongly supported by the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some bishops and prominent nobles of Rus, and perhaps most importantly, by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule.
In neuroscience, a silent synapse is an excitatory glutamatergic synapse whose postsynaptic membrane contains NMDA-type glutamate receptors but no AMPA-type glutamate receptors.
Calcium ion entry into the presynaptic terminal causes the presynaptic release of glutamate, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft, binding to glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
There are four subtypes of glutamate receptors: AMPA receptors (AMPARs) (formerly known as quisqualate receptors), NMDA receptors (NMDARs), kainate receptors, and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).
When glutamate binds to AMPARs located on the postsynaptic membrane, they permit a mixed flow of Na and K to cross the cells membrane, causing a depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Silent synapses release glutamate as do prototypical glutamatergic synapses, but their postsynaptic membranes contain only NMDA—and possibly mGlu—receptors able to bind glutamate.
Though AMPA receptors are not expressed in the postsynaptic membranes of silent synapses, they are stored in vesicles inside the postsynaptic cells, where they cannot detect extracellular glutamate, but can be quickly inserted into the postsynaptic cell membrane in response to a tetanizing stimulus.
The NMDAR is functionally similar to AMPAR except for two major differences: NMDARs carry ion currents composed of Na, K, but also (unlike most AMPAR) Ca; NMDARs also have a site inside their ion channel that binds magnesium ions (Mg).
This magnesium binding site is located in the pore of the channel, at a place within the electrical field generated by the membrane potential.
This is because the ion channel associated with this receptor is plugged by magnesium, acting like a cork in a bottle.
However, since the Mg is charged and is bound within the membrane's electric field, depolarization of the membrane potential above threshold can dislodge the magnesium, allowing current flow through the NMDAR channel.
Silent synapses were proposed as an explanation for differences in quantal content of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) mediated by AMPARs and NMDARs in hippocampal neurons.
This is because they lack surface AMPAR to pass current at hyperpolarized potentials, but do possess NMDARs that will pass current at more positive potentials (because of relief of magnesium block).
Calmodulin activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which — among other things — acts on AMPAR-containing vesicles near the postsynaptic membrane.
Once AMPARs are inserted, the synapse is no longer silent; activated synapses no longer require simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic activity in order to elicit EPSPs.
After initial activation (Early Long Term Potentiation), if the post synaptic neuron continues to be stimulated, it will adjust to become permanently excitable (Late Long Term Potentiation).
It does this by changing its level of AMPA Receptor production which are then inserted into the membrane at the synapse.
The characterization of silent synapses is an ongoing field of research and there are many things about them that are not yet known.
Some of what is currently accepted about the properties of silent synapses may still prove to be incorrect in whole or in part.
All four of these hypotheses had their adherents, but the first three were largely ruled out as a mechanism for synapse silence by work published before 2008.
Creepschool is a Swedish, French and Canadian animated series by Alphanim, Cinar, Happy Life and France 3 about four kids who find themselves at a spooky boarding school.
The basic concept was created by Torbjörn Jansson, which was then substantially re-worked and developed by the co-head-writers Kristina Mansfeld and Per Carlsson into the series it is today.
When four unsuspecting kids attend a remote, sinister-looking boarding school which is known as the Creepschool, they embark on an adventure into the fascinating, supernatural world.
He was first elected to the Quebec legislature representing Bellechasse in 1962 and served as Minister of Tourism and Fishing in the cabinets of Daniel Johnson and Jean-Jacques Bertrand from 1966 to 1970 and also as Minister responsible for Youth and Sport from 1968 to 1970.
Following the defeat of the Bertrand government in the 1970 provincial election, Loubier was a candidate in the June 1971 Union Nationale leadership convention defeating Marcel Masse on the third ballot to become party leader and leader of the Opposition.
He served on the board of directors of Megantic Metal and several firms in the steel industry before inheriting control of the family firm, Loubier Metal, from his father in 1985.
In biology, depolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell.
During an action potential, the depolarization is so large that the potential difference across the cell membrane briefly reverses polarity, with the inside of the cell becoming positively charged.
The change in charge typically occurs due to an influx of sodium ions into a cell, although it can be mediated by an influx of any kind of cation or efflux of any kind of anion.
The resting potential generated by nearly all cells results in the interior of the cell having a negative charge compared to the exterior of the cell.
The transport of the ions across the plasma membrane is accomplished through several different types of transmembrane proteins embedded in the cell's plasma membrane that function as pathways for ions both into and out of the cell, such as ion channels, sodium potassium pumps, and voltage-gated ion channels.
There are many mechanisms by which a cell can establish a resting potential, however there is a typical pattern of generating this resting potential that many cells follow.
However, the process of generating the resting potential within the cell also creates an environment outside the cell that favors depolarization.
The sodium potassium pump is largely responsible for the optimization of conditions on both the interior and the exterior of the cell for depolarization.
By pumping three positively charged sodium ions (Na) out of the cell for every two positively charged potassium ions (K) pumped into the cell, not only is the resting potential of the cell established, but an unfavorable concentration gradient is created by increasing the concentration of sodium outside the cell and increasing the concentration of potassium within the cell.
Although there is an excessive amount of potassium in the cell and sodium outside the cell, the generated resting potential keeps the voltage-gated ion channels in the plasma membrane closed, preventing the ions that have been pumped across the plasma membrane from diffusing to an area of lower concentration.
Additionally, despite the high concentration of positively-charged potassium ions, most cells contain internal components (of negative charge), which accumulate to establish a negative inner-charge.
For this rapid change to take place within the interior of the cell, several events must occur along the plasma membrane of the cell.
While the sodium–potassium pump continues to work, the voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels that had been closed while the cell was at resting potential are opened in response to an initial change in voltage.
As the sodium ions rush back into the cell, they add positive charge to the cell interior, and change the membrane potential from negative to positive.
Once the interior of the cell becomes more positively charged, depolarization of the cell is complete, and the channels close again.
Potassium ions (K) begin to move down the electrochemical gradient (in favor of the concentration gradient and the newly established electrical gradient).
Potassium ions continue to move out of the axon so much so that the resting potential is exceeded and the new cell potential becomes more negative than the resting potential.
The resting potential is ultimately re-established by the closing of all voltage-gated ion channels and the activity of the sodium potassium ion pump.
Depolarization is essential to the functions of many cells in the human body, which is exemplified by the transmission of stimuli both within a neuron and between two neurons.
The reception of stimuli, neural integration of that stimuli, and the neuron's response to stimuli all rely upon the ability of neurons to utilize depolarization to transmit stimuli either within a neuron or between neurons.
By hyperpolarizing a neuron, an inhibitory stimulus results in a greater negative charge that must be overcome for depolarization to occur.
Excitation stimuli, on the other hand, increases the voltage in the neuron, which leads to a neuron that is easier to depolarize than the same neuron in the resting state.
The stimuli that have traveled down the dendrites converge at the axon hillock, where they are summed to determine the neuronal response.
If the sum of the stimuli reaches a certain voltage, known as the threshold potential, depolarization continues from the axon hillock down the axon.
The neurotransmitters that are released from the axon continue on to stimulate other cells such as other neurons or muscle cells.
After an action potential travels down the axon of a neuron, the resting membrane potential of the axon must be restored before another action potential can travel the axon.
The importance and versatility of depolarization within cells can be seen in the relationship between rod cells in the eye and their associated neurons.
In the rod cells, this depolarization is maintained by ion channels that remain open due to the higher voltage of the rod cell in the depolarized state.
This cycle is broken when rod cells are exposed to light; the absorption of light by the rod cell causes the channels that had facilitated the entry of sodium and calcium into the rod cell to close.
In the case of rod cells and neurons, depolarization actually prevents a signal from reaching the brain as opposed to stimulating the transmission of the signal.
The endothelium that lines blood vessels is known as vascular endothelium, which is subject to and must withstand the forces of blood flow and blood pressure from the cardiovascular system.
To withstand these cardiovascular forces, endothelial cells must simultaneously have a structure capable of withstanding the forces of circulation while also maintaining a certain level of plasticity in the strength of their structure.
Endothelial cells within blood vessels can alter the strength of their structure to maintain the vascular tone of the blood vessel they line, prevent vascular rigidity, and even help to regulate blood pressure within the cardiovascular system.
When an endothelial cell undergoes depolarization, the result is a marked decrease in the rigidity and structural strength of the cell by altering the network of fibers that provide these cells with their structural support.
Depolarization in vascular endothelium is essential not only to the structural integrity of endothelial cells, but also to the ability of the vascular endothelium to aid in the regulation of vascular tone, prevention of vascular rigidity, and the regulation of blood pressure.
There are drugs, called depolarization blocking agents, that cause prolonged depolarization by opening channels responsible for depolarization and not allowing them to close, preventing repolarization.
Alexander Mackenzie (March 1873 – April 1880) and Edward Blake (May 1880 – June 1887) were chosen by the party caucus.
Wilfrid Laurier (June 1887 – February 1919) was also chosen by caucus members with the party convention of 1893 ratifying his leadership.
After the 1919 convention, a system was adopted where the candidate with the fewest votes on a given ballot is automatically dropped.
Since 1919, time has also been given between ballots for candidates to announce if they wish to withdraw and throw their support to another candidate.
Future leadership elections were to be conducted according to a weighted One Member One Vote system in which all party members could cast ballots but in which they would be counted so that each riding had equal weight.
In addition to the card-carrying membership, registered supporters, a newly created category of Liberal sympathisers, given the right to vote in their constituency.
A leadership convention was scheduled for late March 1980, in Winnipeg, Manitoba but was cancelled due to the fall of the Progressive Conservative government on December 13, 1979 and the calling of the February 18, 1980 federal election.
As a result of the snap election call, the Liberal caucus and party executive persuaded Pierre Trudeau to rescind his resignation as party leader and lead the Liberals into the election.
Due to the selection of Michael Ignatieff as interim leader as a result of the 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute and an agreement by other candidates to withdraw in favour of Ignatieff, the 2009 convention served to ratify Ignatieff's leadership and was not a contested leadership vote.
Bob Rae and Dominic LeBlanc withdrew in December 2008 (five months prior to the convention) allowing Ignatieff to become leader by default.
They were held in the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki (south-western part of Moscow) between July 24 and August 1.
Polish gold medallist pole vaulter Władysław Kozakiewicz showed an obscene bras d'honneur gesture in all four directions to the jeering Soviet public, causing an international scandal and almost losing his medal as a result.
There were numerous incidents and accusations of Soviet officials using their authority to negate marks by opponents to the point that IAAF officials found the need to look over the officials' shoulders to try to keep the events fair.
The Soviet Union's Jaak Uudmäe and Viktor Saneyev won the first two places in the triple jump, ahead of Brazil's world record holder João Carlos de Oliveira.
Campbell insisted he hadn't scraped, and it was alleged the officials intentionally threw out his and de Oliveira's best jumps to favor the Soviets, similarly to a number of other events.
In operation, light enters the large rectangular face of the prism, undergoes total internal reflection twice from the sloped faces, and exits again through the large rectangular face.
An image travelling through a Porro prism is rotated by 180° and exits in the opposite direction offset from its entrance point.
The net effect of the prism system is a beam parallel to but displaced from its original direction, with the image rotated 180°.
Commonly, the two components of the double Porro system are cemented together, and the prisms may be truncated to save weight and size.
While a single porro prism can be constructed to work as well as a roof prism, it is seldom used as such.
The distinction between a roof prism and a porro prism is that for the roof prism the roof edge lies in the same plane as entrance and exit beam, while for a porro prism the (left out) roof edge is orthogonal to the plane formed by the beams.
Furthermore, the roof prism has no displacement and a deviation typically between 45° and 90°, while in a single porro prism the beam is typically deviated by 180° and displaced by a distance of at least one beam diameter.
Bohemond IV of Antioch, also known as Bohemond the One-Eyed (; 1175–1233), was Count of Tripoli from 1187 to 1233, and Prince of Antioch from 1201 to 1216 and from 1219 to 1233.
The dying Raymond III of Tripoli offered his county to Bohemond's elder brother, Raymond, but their father sent Bohemond to Tripoli in late 1187.
Saladin, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt and Syria, conquered the county, save for the capital and two fortresses, in summer 1188.
Raymond-Roupen's mother, Alice, was the niece of Leo I of Cilicia who persuaded the Antiochene noblemen to acknowledge Raymond-Roupen's right to succeed his grandfather.
After his father died in April 1201, Bohemond seized Antioch with the support of the burghers, the Knights Templar and Hospitallers, and the Italian merchants.
Bohemond made an alliance with Az-Zahir Ghazi, the Ayyubid emir of Aleppo, and Kaykaus I, the Seljuq sultan of Rum, who often invaded Cilicia during the following years, to prevent Leo I from attacking Antioch.
Conflicts between Bohemond and the Latin Patriarchs of Antioch enabled Raymond-Roupen to seize Antioch in 1216, but Bohemond regained the principality in 1219.
After Leo I's death, Bohemond tried to secure Cilicia to his younger son, Philip, but Constantine of Baberon, who had administered Cilicia during the previous years, imprisoned Philip in 1224.
Bohemond's widowed father married a relative of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, Theodora, but he repudiated her shortly after Manuel's death in 1180.
Bohemond III of Antioch sent Bohemond to Tripoli, because the union of Antioch and Tripoli under one monarch could jeopardize the defence of both crusader states.
The dying count, who was a member of the House of Toulouse, also prescribed that should another member of his family come from Toulouse, Bohemond should cede the County of Tripoli to him.
Charters issued during the first years of Bohemond's rule imply that his elder brother was regarded a titular count of Tripoli for a while.
After Saladin conquered almost the whole Kingdom of Jerusalem in the second half of 1187, Queen Sibylla sought shelter in Tripoli, which became a center of her supporters.
The noblemen who condemned her husband, Guy of Lusignan, for the fall of the kingdom, joined Conrad of Montferrat at Tyros.
He started his military campaign against Tripoli in May 1188, but the arrival of the fleet of William II of Sicily saved the town.
After Saladin captured Tortosa and Jabala (present-day Tartus and Jableh in Syria) in July, only Tripoli, Krak des Chevaliers, and the citadel at Tortosa remained under Christian rule in the county.
Richard I of England could not reoccupy Jerusalem during the Third Crusade, but he ensured the survival of the Kingdom of Jerusalem before leaving the Holy Land on 9 October 1192.
Leo also forced Bohemond III to surrender Antioch to him, but the Latin and Greek burghers formed a commune and prevented the Armenian soldiers from seizing the town.
Bohemond hurried from Tripoli to Antioch at the head of his army to help his brother, compelling the Armenian troops to return to Cilicia.
On the archbishop's demand, Bohemond III declared Raymond-Roupen his heir and ordered the Antiochene noblemen to swear fealty to the boy.
Raymond-Roupen was the only son of the first-born son of Bohemond III and thus heir by primogeniture, but Bohemond was Bohemond III's closest male relative and so heir by proximity of blood.
In early 1198, Bohemond marched to Antioch and gained the support of the military orders and the Italian merchants, promising new grants to them.
The commune also acknowledged his claim to rule, because the burghers feared that the Armenians' influence would increase if Raymond-Roupen succeeded his grandfather.
Bohemond returned to Tripoli shortly after his claim was confirmed, because Leo of Cilicia broke into the principality to restore Bohemond III.
Bohemond made an alliance with Az-Zahir Ghazi, the Ayyubid emir of Aleppo, and Kaykaus I, the Seljuq sultan of Rum, who forced the Armenian troops to return to Cilicia.
Bohemond declined to meet the papal legate, stating that the patriarchs of Antioch and Jerusalem had excommunicated him for his debate with the Hospitallers.
Gaetani mediated a reconciliation between Bohemond and the Hospitallers, but Bohemond insisted that the papal legate could not be mentioned in the agreement, because the Holy See could not make a judgement about feudal rights in the principality.
Taking advantage of a conflict between the patriarch and the papal legate, Peter Capuano, Bohemond restored the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, Symeon II, in early 1206 or 1207.
Peter of Angoulême and the papal legate were reconciled and the patriarch excommunicated Bohemond, Symeon and the commune with the approval of the Holy See.
Bohemond continued to support the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch and did not allow Peter of Ivrea, the new Latin Patriarch of Antioch, to visit his see.
He also debated the right of the Holy See to make a judgement about the succession in Antioch, stating that the principality was a fief of the Latin Emperors of Constantinople.
Cilician soldiers who tried to seize a caravan wounded Guillaume de Chartres, Grand Master of the Knights Templar, in a skirmish on the plains near Antioch in 1211.
At the time, the Assassins were tributaries to the Hospitallers and Bohemond suspected the Hospitallers had been involved in the murder.
After Bohemond and the Templars laid siege their fortress at Khawabi, the Assassins sought assistance from Bohemond's old ally, Az-Zahir Ghazi.
Peter of Ivrea, the Hospitallers and Acharie of Sermin, who was the senechal of Antioch and head of the commune, started negotiations with Leo of Cilicia about the surrender of Antioch to Raymond-Roupen.
Before long, Bohemond granted Jabala (which was still to be conquered) to the Templars although Raymond-Roupen had promised the town to the Hospitallers.
Constantine of Baberon, the regent for Isabella of Cilicia, offered her hand to Bohemond's son, Philip, because he needed Bohemond's assistance against Kayqubad I, Sultan of Rum.
Although Bohemond's son had already been poisoned, Constantine of Baberon promised that Philip would be released if Bohemond come to Cilicia.
Frederick demanded an oath of fealty for Antioch and Tripoli from Bohemond, but Bohemond feigned a nervous breakdown and returned to Nephin.
Bohemond again met Frederick in Acre in 1229, but Bohemond's realms were not included in the peace treaty between Frederick and Al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt, on 18 February 1229.
He authorized Gerald of Lausanne, Patriarch of Jerusalem, to lift the ban if Bohemond agreed to make peace with the Hospitallers.
With the mediation of Gerald and the Ibelins, Bohemond and the Hospitallers made a treaty which was signed on 26 October 1231.
Bohemond confirmed the Hospitallers' right to hold Jabala and a nearby fortress and granted them money fiefs in both Tripoli and Antioch.
Before long, Gerald of Lausanne lifted the excommunication and sent the treaty to Rome to be confirmed by the Holy See.
John of Ibelin, who was the leader of Emperor Frederick's opponents in the kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus, tried to convince Bohemond to support their cause.
Bohemond died in March 1233, a few weeks before the pope's confirmation of his treaty with the Hospitallers came to Tripoli.
Bohemond's and Plaisance's third son, Philip, who was the first husband of Isabella of Cilicia, ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia between 1222 and 1224.
Bohemond's youngest son, Henry, married Isabella of Cyprus; their son, Hugh inherited Cyprus in 1267 and the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1268.
Bohemond's second wife, Melisende de Lusignan, was the youngest daughter of Aimery, King of Cyprus and Jerusalem, and Isabella I of Jerusalem.
Roger Nordlund (born November 19, 1957) is a politician in the Åland Islands, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland.
Nordlund is a member of the Åland Centre party and is currently serving as Deputy Premier Government of Åland and Minister of Finance.
Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to as food poisoning) is any illness resulting from the spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as toxins such as poisonous mushrooms and various species of beans that have not been boiled for at least 10 minutes.
For contaminants requiring an incubation period, symptoms may not manifest for hours to days, depending on the cause and on quantity of consumption.
Longer incubation periods tend to cause sufferers to not associate the symptoms with the item consumed, so they may misattribute the symptoms to gastroenteritis, for example.
Bouts of vomiting can be repeated with an extended delay in between, because even if infected food was eliminated from the stomach in the first bout, microbes, like bacteria, (if applicable) can pass through the stomach into the intestine and begin to multiply.
Some types of microbes stay in the intestine, some produce a toxin that is absorbed into the bloodstream, and some can directly invade deeper body tissues.
There is a consensus in the public health community that regular hand-washing is one of the most effective defenses against the spread of foodborne illness.
Furthermore, foodborne illness can be caused by pesticides or medicines in food and natural toxic substances such as poisonous mushrooms or reef fish.
In the past, bacterial infections were thought to be more prevalent because few places had the capability to test for norovirus and no active surveillance was being done for this particular agent.
However, in some cases, such as Staphylococcal food poisoning, the onset of illness can be as soon as 30 minutes after ingesting contaminated food.
This causes intense vomiting including or not including diarrhea (resulting in staphylococcal enteritis), and staphylococcal enterotoxins (most commonly staphylococcal enterotoxin A but also including staphylococcal enterotoxin B) are the most commonly reported enterotoxins although cases of poisoning are likely underestimated.
Prevention is mainly the role of the state, through the definition of strict rules of hygiene and a public services of veterinary surveying of animal products in the food chain, from farming to the transformation industry and delivery (shops and restaurants).
In August 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Phage therapy which involves spraying meat with viruses that infect bacteria, and thus preventing infection.
This has raised concerns, because without mandatory labelling consumers would not be aware that meat and poultry products have been treated with the spray.
Many forms of bacterial poisoning can be prevented by cooking it sufficiently, and either eating it quickly or refrigerating it effectively.
Techniques that help prevent food borne illness in the kitchen are hand washing, rinsing produce, preventing cross-contamination, proper storage, and maintaining cooking temperatures.
In general, freezing or refrigerating prevents virtually all bacteria from growing, and heating food sufficiently kills parasites, viruses, and most bacteria.
For example, an outbreak which occurred in the UK in 1960 caused the death of 100,000 turkeys which had consumed aflatoxin-contaminated peanut meal.
In the US, more than 50% of cases are viral and noroviruses are the most common foodborne illness, causing 57% of outbreaks in 2004.
Foodborne viral infection are usually of intermediate (1–3 days) incubation period, causing illnesses which are self-limited in otherwise healthy individuals; they are similar to the bacterial forms described above.
In evolutionary terms, animals can escape being eaten by fleeing; plants can use only passive defenses such as poisons and distasteful substances, for example capsaicin in chili peppers and pungent sulfur compounds in garlic and onions.
Most animal poisons are not synthesised by the animal, but acquired by eating poisonous plants to which the animal is immune, or by bacterial action.
Another newspaper article from 1944 told of more than 150 persons being hospitalized in Chicago with ptomaine poisoning apparently from rice pudding served by a chain of restaurants.
The delay between the consumption of contaminated food and the appearance of the first symptoms of illness is called the incubation period.
This ranges from hours to days (and rarely months or even years, such as in the case of listeriosis or bovine spongiform encephalopathy), depending on the agent, and on how much was consumed.
If symptoms occur within one to six hours after eating the food, it suggests that it is caused by a bacterial toxin or a chemical rather than live bacteria.
During the incubation period, microbes pass through the stomach into the intestine, attach to the cells lining the intestinal walls, and begin to multiply there.
Some types of microbes stay in the intestine, some produce a toxin that is absorbed into the bloodstream, and some can directly invade the deeper body tissues.
The infectious dose is the amount of agent that must be consumed to give rise to symptoms of foodborne illness, and varies according to the agent and the consumer's age and overall health.
An unusually high stomach pH level (low acidity) greatly reduces the number of bacteria required to cause symptoms by a factor of between 10 and 100.
In the United States, using FoodNet data from 2000–2007, the CDC estimated there were 47.8 million foodborne illnesses per year (16,000 cases for 100,000 inhabitants) with 9.4 million of these caused by 31 known identified pathogens.
This data pertains to reported medical cases of 23 specific pathogens in the 1990s, as opposed to total population estimates of all food-borne illness for the United States.
A study by the Australian National University, published in November 2014, found in 2010 that there were an estimated 4.1 million cases of foodborne gastroenteritis acquired in Australia on average each year, along with 5,140 cases of non-gastrointestinal illness.
Approximately 25% (90% CrI: 13%–42%) of the 15.9 million episodes of gastroenteritis that occur in Australia were estimated to be transmitted by contaminated food.
Including gastroenteritis, non-gastroenteritis and sequelae, there were an estimated annual 31,920 (90% CrI: 29,500–35,500) hospitalisations due to foodborne illness and 86 (90% CrI: 70–105) deaths due to foodborne illness circa 2010.
In this study, similar methods of assessment were applied to data from circa 2000, which showed that the rate of foodborne gastroenteritis had not changed significantly over time.
By applying this proportion of episodes due to food to the incidence of gastroenteritis circa 2000, there were an estimated 4.3 million (90% CrI: 2.2–7.3 million) episodes of foodborne gastroenteritis circa 2000, although credible intervals overlap with 2010.
Taking into account changes in population size, applying these equivalent methods suggests a 17% decrease in the rate of foodborne gastroenteritis between 2000 and 2010, with considerable overlap of the 90% credible intervals.
In the United States, where people eat outside the home frequently, 58% of cases originate from commercial food facilities (2004 FoodNet data).
An outbreak is defined as occurring when two or more people experience similar illness after consuming food from a common source.
Often, a combination of events contributes to an outbreak, for example, food might be left at room temperature for many hours, allowing bacteria to multiply which is compounded by inadequate cooking which results in a failure to kill the dangerously elevated bacterial levels.
However, more and more, outbreaks are identified by public health staff from unexpected increases in laboratory results for certain strains of bacteria.
Outbreak detection and investigation in the United States is primarily handled by local health jurisdictions and is inconsistent from district to district.
In postwar Aberdeen (1964) a large-scale (>400 cases) outbreak of typhoid occurred, caused by contaminated corned beef which had been imported from Argentina.
The corned beef was placed in cans and because the cooling plant had failed, cold river water from the Plate estuary was used to cool the cans.
This meat was then sliced using a meat slicer in a shop in Aberdeen, and a lack of cleaning the machinery led to spreading the contamination to other meats cut in the slicer.
These included the death of 19 patients in the Stanley Royd Hospital outbreak and the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, mad cow disease) outbreak identified in the 1980s.
Anne Hardy argues that widespread public education of food hygiene can be useful, particularly through media (T.V cookery programmes) and advertisement.
In 2001, the Center for Science in the Public Interest petitioned the United States Department of Agriculture to require meat packers to remove spinal cords before processing cattle carcasses for human consumption, a measure designed to lessen the risk of infection by variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
The petition was supported by the American Public Health Association, the Consumer Federation of America, the Government Accountability Project, the National Consumers League, and Safe Tables Our Priority.
A report issued in June 2018 by NBC's Minneapolis station using research by both the CDC and the Minnesota Department of Health concluded that foodborne illness is on the rise in the U.S.
The World Health Organization Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses (FOS) provides scientific advice for organizations and the public on issues concerning the safety of food.
Its mission is to lower the burden of foodborne disease, thereby strengthening the health security and sustainable development of Member States.
WHO works closely with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to address food safety issues along the entire food production chain—from production to consumption—using new methods of risk analysis.
INFOSAN has been connecting national authorities from around the globe since 2004, with the goal of preventing the international spread of contaminated food and foodborne disease and strengthening food safety systems globally.
Membership to INFOSAN is voluntary, but is restricted to representatives from national and regional government authorities and requires an official letter of designation.
The operational definition of a food safety authority includes those authorities involved in: food policy; risk assessment; food control and management; food inspection services; foodborne disease surveillance and response; laboratory services for monitoring and surveillance of foods and foodborne diseases; and food safety information, education and communication across the farm-to-table continuum.
Bohemond V of Antioch (1199 − January 17, 1252) was ruler of the Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, from 1233 to his death.
Like his father before him, Bohemond had a notorious dislike for the Knights Hospitaller and the neighbouring Kingdom of Armenia, preferring an alliance with the Knights Templar.
Since his son and successor was only 15 at the time, he succeeded under the regency of the Dowager Princess, Luciana.
This made her unpopular, so the young Bohemond VI gained the approval of King Louis IX of France, who was on Crusade at the time, to get permission from Pope Innocent IV to come of age a few months early.
All of the original features of the building have been retained and further extensive restoration work has been carried out at the new owner's expense.
The Reverend John Cotton, a principal New England Puritan figure and a founder of Boston, Massachusetts, was educated at Derby School.
The Heritage Centre was established in 1992 by Richard Felix, long time historian on popular Living show Most Haunted and is the starting point for Derby Ghost Walks.
3D Movie Maker (commonly shortened to 3DMM) is a children's computer program developed by Microsoft Home's Microsoft Kids subsidiary in 1995.
Using the program, users can make films by placing 3D characters and props into pre-rendered environments, as well as adding actions, sound effects, music, text, speech and special effects.
The program features two helper characters to guide users through the various features of the program: The character McZee (voiced by Michael Shapiro) provides help throughout the studio while his assistant Melanie provides other various tutorials.
The models and backgrounds were done by Illumin8 Digital Pictures (a now-defunct graphics studio) using Softimage modeling software, while the cinematic introduction and help sequences were done by Productions Jarnigoine, a now-inactive production company founded by Jean-Jacques Tremblay.
In 1998, a user named Space Goat created the website 3dmm.com that allows users to upload movies and mods for 3DMM.
By default, 40 actors/actresses are available (each with 4 different costumes and a number of actions), as well as 20 different props.
Many sample voice and MIDI music clips are included, but original voices can be recorded using a microphone while external .wav and .MIDI files can be imported.
3DMM stores the positions of the characters and objects for each frame; it moves at about 6 to 8 frames per second, which makes the movies choppier than expected.
The finished movie can only be viewed inside 3DMM using the virtual auditorium or the studio, unless converted to a video file format with a third-party utility.
This eventually inspired him to create a full movie using the program, called The Blue Shell Incident, which is around 30 minutes long, and is made with models not included in the base program, like Mario, Luigi, Garfield, and others.
Virtual 3D Movie Maker (or V3DMM for short) is a 3rd party expansion management program that allows users to include their own customized expansions in their movies.
Francis Piol Bol Bok (born February 1979), a Dinka tribesman and native of South Sudan, was a slave for ten years but became an abolitionist and author living in the United States.
On May 15, 1986, he was captured and enslaved at the age of seven during an Arab militia raid on the village of Nyamlel in South Sudan during the Second Sudanese Civil War.
Bok lived in bondage for ten years before escaping imprisonment in Kurdufan, Sudan, followed by a journey to the United States by way of Cairo, Egypt.
His earliest steps towards the United States were helped by a Northern Sudanese Muslim family that believed that slavery was wrong and provided him a bus ticket to Khartoum.
Upon arriving in Khartoum, Bok was aided by a fellow Dinka tribesman and members of the Fur people, and his trip to the United States was paid for by members of the Lutheran church.
His first point of contact in the United States was a refugee from Somalia who helped him get settled in Fargo, North Dakota.
Bok has testified before the United States Senate and met with George W. Bush, Madeleine Albright and Condoleezza Rice, telling them his story of slavery.
He has been honored by the United States Olympic Committee, the Boston Celtics and colleges and universities throughout the United States and Canada.
Francis now lives in the U.S. state of Kansas, where he works for the American Anti-Slavery Group (AASG) and Sudan Sunrise, an organization that works for peace in Sudan.
Francis Bok was raised in a large Catholic family of cattle herders in the Dinka village of Gurion in Southern Sudan.
When Bok was captured at the age of 7 on May 15, 1986, he could not count beyond 10 and knew very little of the outside world.
Bok was captured after his mother, Adut Al Akok, had sent him to the village of Nyamlell to sell eggs and peanuts in the village market with some older siblings and neighbors.
This was Bok's first trip to the village without his mother, and it was the first time he was allowed to sell some of the family's goods at the market.
Bok went to the market, where he heard adults say that they had seen smoke coming from nearby villages and had heard gunfire in the distance.
The raiders were part of an Islamic militia from the northern part of Sudan that conducted periodic raids on the villages of their Dinka neighbors, who were Christians or animists of Sub-Saharan African descent.
Seven-year-old Bok was captured by Giemma, a member of the slave hunting militia, who forced him to join a caravan of slaves, stolen produce, livestock and wares that the militia had captured in their raid of the Dinka settlement.
He had to take them to pastures in the area and to local watering holes, where he saw other Dinka boys who were also forced to tend herds of livestock.
He began to suspect that his life was going to change forever and that his father was not going to be able to save him.
His attempts to speak to the other Dinka boys were futile, as they were speaking Arabic, which he could not understand; they also seemed afraid to speak to him.
According to Bok, as he grew older, Giemma and Hamid began to place more trust in his abilities as a herdsman.
Care of the cattle, horses and camels was passed to Bok and he was able to spend more time alone with the animals.
In his autobiography, Francis states that although he was forced to convert to Islam, that he never stopped praying to God for strength to get him through his ordeal.
Bok attempted to escape once again just two days later, when he fled in the opposite direction of his previous escape.
He stopped for water at a local stream crossing, where he was spotted by Giemma who happened to be there as well.
Francis was beaten again, but Giemma chose not to kill him, as Francis had become too valuable to the family as a slave.
Bok finally escaped from Giemma when he was 17 years old by walking through the forest to the nearby market town of Mutari.
Bok escaped from the police by simply taking their donkeys to the well, tying them, and leaving them behind as he walked into the crowded marketplace.
Abdah thought that slavery was wrong and agreed to transport Bok to the town of Ed-Da'Ein in the back of his truck amongst his cargo of grain and onions.
Bok stayed with Abdah, his wife and two sons for two months while Abdah tried to find a way to take Bok to Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan.
When he could not find a friend to provide passage to Khartoum, Abdah bought a bus ticket to Khartoum for Bok.
Fortunately for Francis, another stranger helped him find his way to his fellow Dinka tribespeople in Khartoum in the Jabarona settlement.
Jabarona was filled with Dinka refugees who had fled the fighting in the south of Sudan and were forced to live together in sub-standard conditions.
Bok settled among people who were from the Aweil area of North Bahr al Ghazal and began using his Christian name of Francis once again.
Slavery in Sudan is a subject that was largely denied by the government in Khartoum and anybody that spoke of it could be arrested or even killed.
Through the help of some Dinka tribesman he was able to acquire a Sudanese passport on the black market and obtain a ticket for passage to Cairo.
While staying at Sacred Heart, Bok began to learn some English and made important contacts among the Dinka population of Cairo.
He eventually moved out of the church compound and into an apartment with other Dinka who were also seeking UN refugee status in order to leave Africa for the United States, Great Britain or Australia.
Bok applied for and received UN refugee status on September 15, 1999, and after several months of waiting, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service agreed to allow Francis to move to the U.S. Bok flew from Cairo to New York City on August 13, 1999, and from there he flew to Fargo, North Dakota.
His journey was sponsored by Lutheran Social Services and a United Methodist Church, both worked together to provide an apartment for Francis in Fargo and helped him find a job.
It was while living in Ames that he was contacted by Charles Jacobs, founder of the American Anti-Slavery Group based in Boston, Massachusetts.
Jesse Sage, associate director of the American Anti-slavery Group, and Jacobs persuaded Bok to move to Boston to work with the AASG.
He was initially hesitant to leave his new friends in Ames, but according to Bok, the people at AASG were persistent.
Two days after his speech in Roxbury, Bok was asked to meet with supporters of AASG on the steps of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
He returned to Washington on September 28, 2000, and became the first escaped slave to speak before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
Francis was invited to Washington again in 2002 for the signing of the Sudan Peace Act and met with President George W. Bush.
It was during this trip to the White House that Bok became the first former slave to meet with a U.S. President since the 19th century.
Francis Bok has spoken at churches and universities throughout the United States and Canada and he has helped launch the American Anti-Slavery Group's website iAbolish.org at a Jane's Addiction concert before an audience of 40,000 on April 28, 2001.
Bok has also been honored by the Boston Celtics and was chosen to carry the Olympic Torch past Plymouth Rock prior to the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Bohemond VI (–1275), also known as Bohemond the Fair (), was the Prince of Antioch and Count of Tripoli from 1251 until his death.
He was succeeded by his son Bohemond VII, nominal prince of Antioch (though Antioch had ceased to exist) and count of Tripoli.
This made her unpopular, so the young Bohemond VI, through the approval of King Louis IX of France, who was on Crusade at the time, gained permission from Pope Innocent IV to inherit the principality a few months early.
At Louis's suggestion, in 1254 the 17-year-old Bohemond married Sibylla of Armenia, daughter of Hetoum I of Armenia, which ended the power struggle between the two states that had been started by Bohemond IV, his grandfather.
This involved him in a dispute between the Genoese and the Venetians, the War of St. Sabas, which started in 1256 and drew in many of the nobles in the Holy Land, wasted valuable resources and cost tens of thousands of lives.
The Embriaco lords of Gibelet (also known as Jebail or Byblos, a small nearby territory) were resolute opponents of the princes of Antioch.
Bohemond tried to persuade the Genoese to support the Venetians, but the Embriaco family rebelled against him in 1258 and escalated the situation to a civil war which lasted off and on for decades.
Bohemond was able to achieve some measure of peace by having the leader of the revolt, Bertrand Embriaco (a cousin of Guy I Embriaco), murdered by some serfs, but the bitterness continued.
Bartholomew's brother William, along with his cousin the lord of Gibelet, were eventually defeated by Bohemond's son, Bohemond VII, and then completely driven out by the Muslims.
The Mongols had a deserved reputation of ruthlessness – if settlements in their path did not surrender immediately, the inhabitants were slaughtered by the tens of thousands.
Hetoum I of Armenia, Bohemond's father-in-law, prudently decided to subject to Mongol authority as well, sending his brother Sempad to the Mongol court in Karakorum in 1247 to negotiate the details.
Historical accounts, quoting from the writings of the medieval historian Templar of Tyre, would often dramatically describe the three Christian rulers (Hetoum, Bohemond, and Kitbuqa) entering the city of Damascus together in triumph, though modern historians have questioned this story as apocryphal.
The Mongols rewarded Bohemond for his allegiance, and returned to him various areas that had been lost to the Muslims, such as Lattakieh, Darkush, Kafr Debbin, and Jabala.
In return for the lands, Bohemond had to install the Greek patriarch Euthymius at Antioch, in place of the Latin patriarch, since the Mongols were trying to strengthen ties with the Byzantine Empire.
This earned Bohemond the enmity of the Latins at Acre, and Bohemond was excommunicated by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Jacques Pantaléon.
Pope Alexander IV put Bohemond's case on the agenda of his upcoming council (as well as the cases of Hetoum I of Armenia, and Daniel of Russia), but died in 1261, just months before the Council could be convened.
For a new Pope, the choice fell to Pantaléon, who took the name Pope Urban IV, and after hearing Bohemond's explanation for his submission to the Mongols, suspended his excommunication sentence.
The Mamluks advanced northward from Cairo to engage the Mongols, along the way negotiating an unusual pact of neutrality with the Franks of Acre that allowed the Egyptians to pass through Frankish territory unmolested.
With the Mongol army removed, the Mamluks then proceeded to conquer Syria and Iran, which had been previously ravaged by the Mongols.
For example, Bohemond and Hethoum controlled the forests of southern Anatolia and Lebanon, the wood of which was needed by the Egyptian Mamluks to build ships.
He traveled to the court of Hulagu, trying to obtain as much support as possible from the Mongol rulers against the Mamluk progression.
However, Hulagu was unhappy with Bohemond for replacing the Greek patriarch with a Latin one, as the Byzantine alliance was important to him, against the Turks in Anatolia.
But while he was gone, the Mamluk army attacked the Armenian army, which was being commanded by Hetoum's sons, at the Battle of Mari.
They killed one of Hetoum's sons, took the other prisoner, and laid waste to Cilician Armenia, reducing the capital to ruins.
In May 1267 he attacked Acre, and in 1268 he began the Siege of Antioch, taking the city while Bohemond was away in Tripoli.
By this time, the Mamluks had captured every inland castle of the Franks, but the Mamluks had heard reports about a new Crusade, this one from the prince who would later be Edward I of England.
Edward had landed in Acre on May 9, 1271, where he was soon joined by Bohemond and his cousin King Hugh of Cyprus and Jerusalem.
Bohemond died in 1275, leaving a son and three daughters: Bohemond VII, nominal prince of Antioch (though Antioch had ceased to exist) and count of Tripoli; Isabelle, who died young; Lucia, later titular countess of Tripoli; and Marie (d. ca 1280), married to Nicolas de Saint-Omer (d. 1294).
The rancour of the Mamluks regarding Bohemond VI's alliance with the Mongols would remain until 1289 with the final Fall of Tripoli.
Selamawi Asgedom (Tigrinya: ሰላማዊ ሃእለአብ አስገዶም; born in Adi Wahla, Ethiopia on 29 September 1976) or Mawi Asgedom for short, is an author, public speaker, and a refugee of Ethiopian and Eritrean origin.
Mawi Asgedom is a refugee turned Harvard graduate who has spoken to over one million people and written eight books that have been read in thousands of classrooms.
Oprah Winfrey called her interview with Mawi one of her top twenty moments and ESSENCE magazine selected Mawi as one of the 40 most inspiring African-Americans.
Mawi is the founder of Mawi Learning, a leading provider of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) training that has partnered with more than one thousand school districts and won many awards for impact and innovation.
For about two years of his childhood, he was separated from his father and mother, Haileab and Tsege, when he had to flee to Sudan to avoid the war in Ethiopia.
He graduated with top honors from Harvard University, receiving a degree in American history and giving the commencement address at his graduation in 1999.
Mawi started Mawi Learning because he wanted to help kids of all backgrounds go on their own journey of unlimited growth.
He founded the company in 1999 from his apartment in Chicago and at first focused mostly on giving speeches and writing books.
Starting in 2013, Mawi Learning began developing online courses for middle and high school students in core areas of SEL such as time management and goal-setting.
By 2019, more than 100,000 students had taken Mawi Learning's online SEL courses for full high-school credit and Mawi Learning had won many awards for innovation including the CODiE award.
In 2019, Mawi Learning was acquired by the global non-profit ACT to support ACT's mission of empowering people for education and workplace success.
Day-time television host Oprah Winfrey named her interview of Mr. Asgedom as one of her 20 Unforgettable Moments in October 2005.
The Natuna Regency is an archipelago of 272 islands located in the south part of the South China Sea in the Natuna Sea.
Administratively, the islands (including the central Bunguran Islands and various outliers) constitute a regency within the Riau Islands Province of Indonesia and are the northernmost non-disputed island group of Indonesia.
The regency contains a land area of 2,008.8 km and had a population of 69,003 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at 2019) is 89,498.
Indonesia's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) off the coast of Natuna is slightly overlapped by China's widely disputed South China Sea claim.
These are Bunguran Batubi (with five villages), Pulau Tiga Barat (West Tiga Island, with four villages) and Suak Midai (with three villages).
Indonesia's EEZ extends 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores, which around Natuna means it is slightly intersected by China's Nine-Dash Line, defining its widely disputed claim to most of the South China Sea.
In 2014–2015, the presence of the Indonesian National Armed Forces on the islands was reinforced, which the Indonesian government hoped would reduce the chance of any conflict.
Indonesia responded with a formal diplomatic protest to Beijing and then deployed to the region a further 600 troops and eight navy warships, along with aerial support.
The naval presence included Ahmad Yani-class frigates, Bung Tomo-class corvettes, and Kapitan Pattimura-class ASW corvettes, while aerial support came from Naval Aviation CN-235 MPA aircraft, four Indonesian Air Force F-16s and a Boeing 737-2x9, with BAE Hawk aircraft nearby on alert.
Other religions are Christianity, which forms 1.66% of the total population, Buddhism, which forms 1.23% of the total population, and Confucianism, which forms 0.14% of the total population.
The Natuna Islands are a 272-island archipelago of Indonesia, located in the Natuna Sea between Peninsular Malaysia to the west and Borneo to the east.
The North Group consists of a large island (Pulau Laut), two small islands and several adjacent islets and reefs which lie about 50 km NNW of Natuna Besar Island.
Pulau Laut is about 11 km long with a greatest width of 5 km towards the south; it is generally hilly, rising to 273 metres near its north end.
Natuna has large reserves of natural gas (estimated to 1.3 billion m) that is exported to neighbouring countries such as Singapore.
The Natuna Islands have a remarkable avifauna with 71 species of bird registered, including the near-threatened lesser fish eagle, the Natuna serpent-eagle.
Ranai Airport or Natuna Airport is located at Ranai, the capital city of Natuna Regency, on the Natuna archipelago in the Natuna Sea.
The New York City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 members, each elected from a geographic district, normally for four-year terms.
All elected officials—other than those elected before 2010, who are limited to three consecutive terms—are subject to a two consecutive-term limit.
New York City government employs 325,000 people, more than any other city in the United States and more than any U.S. state but three: California, Texas, and New York.
New York City's political geography is unique, consisting of five boroughs, each coterminous with one of five counties of New York State: Brooklyn is Kings County, the Bronx is Bronx County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.
When New York City was consolidated into its present form in 1898, all previous town and county governments within it were abolished in favor of the present five boroughs and a unified, centralized city government.
However, each county retains its own district attorney to prosecute crimes, and most of the court system is organized around the counties.
The Mayor is the chief executive officer of the city and a magistrate, appoints and removes all unelected officers and exercises all the powers vested in the city except otherwise provided by law, and is responsible for the effectiveness and integrity of city government operations.
The mayor is also responsible for creating the city's budget through the New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget, submitted for approval, not drafting, to the Council.
Along with the mayor, the Public Advocate and the Comptroller are the only three directly elected citywide officials in New York City.
The Public Advocate is an elected official with responsibility to ease public relations with the government, investigate complaints regarding city agencies, mediate disputes between city agencies and citizens, serve as the city's ombudsman and advise the mayor on community relations.
The Comptroller stands second, after the Public Advocate, in the line to succeed a mayor who has become unable to serve.
The Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 Council members, whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries that each contain approximately 157,000 people.
Council members are elected every four years, except that after every census held in years divisible by twenty, districts are redrawn, requiring two consecutive two-year terms, the second of which is held in the redrawn districts.
The Speaker of the Council, selected by the 51 Council members, is often considered the second most powerful post in New York City's government after the Mayor.
A local law has a status equivalent with a law enacted by the New York State Legislature (subject to certain exceptions and restrictions), and is superior to the older forms of municipal legislation such as ordinances, resolutions, rules and regulations.
Although it could not pass laws, it shared authority for the city budget with the council and controlled functions such as land use, municipal contracts, franchises, and water and sewer rates.
The state court system in New York City has two citywide courts, the Criminal Court and the Civil Court, and several statewide courts, the Supreme Court, Surrogate's Court, and Family Court.
The Criminal Court of the City of New York handles misdemeanors (generally, crimes punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to one year) and lesser offenses, and also conducts arraignments (initial court appearances following arrest) and preliminary hearings in felony cases.
The Civil Court of the City of New York decides lawsuits involving claims for damages up to $25,000 and includes a small claims part for cases involving amounts up to $5,000 as well as a housing part for landlord-tenant matters, and also handles other civil matters referred by the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial court of general jurisdiction, which in New York City hears felony cases and major civil cases.
The Surrogate's Court of the State of New York is the probate court which oversees the probate of wills and administers estates.
The Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings adjudicates matters for all city agencies unless otherwise provided for by executive order, rule, law or pursuant to collective bargaining agreements.
The Department of Finance Adjudication Division (Parking Violations Bureau) adjudicates parking violations, and the Tax Appeals Tribunal adjudicates disputes regarding city-administered taxes other than real estate assessment claims, which are adjudicated by the city Tax Commission.
The borough presidents can have legislation introduced in the council, recommend capital projects, hold public hearings on matters of public interest, make recommendations to the mayor and to other city officials, make recommendations on land use and planning, and make recommendations regarding the performance of contracts providing for the delivery of services, in the interests of the people of their borough.
They are composed of the borough president, Council members from the borough, and the chairperson of each community board in the borough.
Community boards advise on land use and zoning, participate in the city budget process, and address service delivery in their district.
Each of the five counties of New York City elects a district attorney (DA) for a four-year term, whose duty it is to prosecute all crimes and offenses cognizable by the courts of the county.
There is also a sixth DA, the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Narcotics, who is unelected, but appointed by the five elected DAs.
The county committees are composed of at least two members elected from each election district (containing a maximum of 950–1150 registered voters).
Candidates for the citywide offices of mayor, comptroller and public advocate are designated jointly by the five county executive committees of each party.
The New York Public Library is a private, non-governmental library serving the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, that receives government funding.
Despite this name, the NYCTA, like the rest of the MTA, was created by the New York State Legislature as a public-benefit corporation, which the legislature and governor of New York control.
The MTA also operates the Staten Island Railway within the city of New York, as well as the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad, both of which are commuter lines that have termina in the city but run largely in the suburban counties of New York State and Connecticut.
Other regional transportation is managed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, including the bridges and tunnels between New York City and New Jersey, and all airports and seaports within the city.
The two supporters represent the unity between Native Americans and colonists, the four windmill sails recall the city's Dutch history as New Amsterdam, and the beavers and flour barrels the city's earliest trade goods (see History of New York City).
Its blue, white, and orange bands represent the colors of the Dutch flag that flew over the city, then New Amsterdam, between the 1620s and 1660s.
The Bunguran Islands are an archipelago in Riau Islands province, Indonesia, located in the Natuna Sea, the southern portion of the South China Sea.
The archipelago forms the central part of the Natuna Regency, an archipelago of 272 islands in total, which is in turn included in the Tudjuh Archipelago, off the northwest coast of Borneo.
The largest island of the archipelago is Bunguran or Pulau Natuna Besar (Great Natuna Island), situated in the Middle Natuna Archipelago.
Two additional districts have been created since 2010 out of the existing districts - Bunguran Batubi (split from Bunguran Barat district) and Pulau Tiga Barat (split from Pulau Tiga district).
The Mazatec are an indigenous people of Mexico who inhabit the Sierra Mazateca in the state of Oaxaca and some communities in the adjacent states of Puebla and Veracruz.
Note that the Illyrian Provinces were also part of France, but were not organised into departments, and so are not included in this list.
Similarly, four additional French departments were also created in Catalonia (annexed from Spain in 1812); their juridical status remained incomplete until the French lost their grip on Spain in 1814.
The American Anti-Slavery Group (AASG) is a non-profit coalition of abolitionist organizations that engages in political activism to abolish slavery in the world.
It raises awareness of contemporary slavery, particularly among the chattel slaves of Mauritania and Sudan, raises funds to support relief and aid to enslaved populations and escaped former slaves, and lobbies government officials to increase their efforts.
AASG was co-founded in 1993 by Charles Jacobs (who served as its first research director) with African human rights activists Mohamed Athie of Mauritania and David Chand of Sudan.
Recent officers include: Mohamed Athie (past president) and Charles Jacobs (past clerk and treasurer; current president and member of board of directors).
ASG advocates for the freedom of those degraded by slavery through government lobbying and online campaigns, which locate pressure points in corporations that benefit from slavery, governments that tolerate human bondage, and leaders who remain silent.
Charles Jacobs, president of the American Anti-Slavery Group, concedes there is an increase in slave-taking since 1995 in terms of the growing intensity of the Sudanese war, but rebukes characterizations that it creates a market for the slave trade.
Wedding soup consists of green vegetables (usually endive and escarole or cabbage, lettuce, kale, and/or spinach) and meat (usually meatballs and/or sausage, the latter sometimes made of chicken and containing Italian parsley and parmesan cheese) in a clear chicken-based broth.
The modern wedding soup is quite a bit lighter than the old Spanish form, which contained more meats than just the meatballs of modern Italian-American versions.
The method works in three steps: in step one the new vocabulary structures to be learned are taught using a combination of translation, gestures, and personalized questions; in step two those structures are used in a spoken class story; and finally, in step three, these same structures are used in a class reading.
Many teachers also assign additional reading activities such as free voluntary reading, and there have been several easy novels written by TPRS teachers for this purpose.
Proponents of TPR Storytelling, basing their argument on the second language acquisition theories of Stephen Krashen, hold that the best way to help students develop both fluency and accuracy in a language is to expose them to large amounts of comprehensible input.
The steps and techniques in TPR Storytelling help teachers to provide this input by making the language spoken in class both comprehensible and engaging.
Teachers also make sure that the students internalize each phrase before moving on to new material, giving additional story lessons with the same vocabulary when necessary.
After being developed by Blaine Ray in the 1990s, the method has gained popular appeal with language teachers who claim that they can reach more students and get better results than they could with previous methods.
A number of practitioners publish their own materials and teaching manuals, and training in TPR Storytelling is generally offered at workshops by existing TPRS teachers rather than at teacher training college.
Ray had found great initial success teaching using total physical response (TPR), but was disappointed when his students stopped finding this technique to be interesting.
Ray was familiar with Stephen Krashen's theories, and he was confident that his students would acquire Spanish naturally if he gave them enough comprehensible input.
He set about finding a way to combine TPR with stories, with input from Krashen and from other foreign language teachers, and the result was Total Physical Response Storytelling.
This new method continued to evolve with the input of teachers, and by 2000 there was a much larger emphasis on reading and the spoken class story, with the time spent doing traditional TPR being greatly reduced.
Although TPR Storytelling is a growing movement among foreign language teachers, particularly in the United States, it has received little coverage in academia.
In the United States the method has gained vocal support from an increasing core of language teachers, and some school districts use it exclusively in their foreign language programs.
There is no set number of new items to be introduced in a given session; however, three is generally considered the maximum number that can be effectively taught in a lesson.
This emphasis on thoroughly learning new material is designed to give the students a feeling of confidence and to provide sufficient repetitions to facilitate acquisition (unconscious control in recognition and output) of the new items.
The three phrases (structures) are written on the blackboard, or another place where the students can easily see them, and are translated into the students' native language if a shared native language is available.
The goal of the teacher during step one is to provide as many spoken repetitions of the new structures in context as possible.
TPRS teachers aim to say each new structure at least 50 times in the course of a story, and it is not unusual to hear those structures 100 times.
The teacher will usually use a skeleton script with very few details, and then flesh the story out using details provided by the students in the target language, making a personalized story for each class.
Advanced TPRS teachers are able to improvise, creating stories solely based on student answers to questions about the day's vocabulary structures.
The teacher will usually try to select actors who won't be intimidated to keep the atmosphere as relaxed and fun as possible.
When the teacher makes a statement that advances the story plot, the actors will act out that statement and then wait while the teacher continues with the circling questions.
This narrative device is used to maximize the repetitions of the target structures, to make the story easy to understand, and to make the target phrases easy to remember.
After the story has finished the teacher may retell it in briefer form, retell it with errors having students correct them, or ask the students to retell the story, allowing them to use the structures they just learned.
Step three is where the students learn to read the language structures that they have heard in steps one and two.
The first, and most common, is a class reading, where the students read and discuss a story that uses the same language structures as the story in step two.
The next most common activity is free voluntary reading, where students are free to read any book they choose in the language being learned.
For shared reading, as in first-language literacy activities, the teacher brings in a children's picture book, and reads it to the students in class, making it comprehensible through circling and other means.
This reading is based on the story that the students learned in step two - sometimes it can be the same story, and sometimes it uses the same language structures but with different content.
Ideally, the story should be structured so that students will be able to understand most of the story on first view.
The teacher will often begin the class reading by reading aloud the story, or a portion of the story, then having the students translate it into their first language.
As the students have already dealt with the language structures in steps one and two, they can often do this at a natural speed.
This process aims to ensure that all of the students understand all of the words in the reading, as well as the meaning of the reading as a whole.
With the goal of making the discussion 100% comprehensible, the teacher will use the same TPRS techniques as in step two.
Also, the teacher may make use of the pop-up grammar technique, where grammar points contained in the reading are explained very briefly - in 5 seconds or less.
Comparing and contrasting the material in the reading to the PQA and the story gives extra repetitions of the target structures.
Discussions of culture and even history are possible, depending on the content of the reading and the level of the students.
The research for FVR is very strong, and has consistently shown that FVR is as good or better than taught language lessons.
Free voluntary reading can be done in the classroom or at home, but many teachers prefer to focus on spoken stories in class, as it is hard for students to get listening input outside school.
However, TPRS teachers often educate students about FVR in class, introducing books for them to read, and giving advice on good reading practices.
The name is intended to conjure up the image of being read to as a child, but the activity can be done with any age group.
This can be used to prepare students for a class discussion, but it is usually only used with advanced students as at home the students may have no one to turn to if they get stuck.
These techniques all have the same basic aim of keeping the class comprehensible, interesting, and as efficient as possible for language acquisition.
It is intended to provide repetition of the target vocabulary in context and enable students to learn the vocabulary, grammar and phonology of their new language in a holistic way.
The point of asking these questions is not to force the students to speak; rather, the questions are a method of checking comprehension while simultaneously repeating the target vocabulary in context.
Therefore, students need not worry about speaking in full sentences, and indeed this would detract from the process of concentrating on the input provided by the teacher.
By answering using single words or very short phrases the students can keep their attention focused on the words to be learned.
If a teacher does say something out-of-bounds, then the solution is to make it comprehensible, by writing it on the board and translating it immediately.
If a teacher can stay in bounds all the time, and can speak slowly enough for the students to understand, then their class will be 100% comprehensible.
When students first hear vocabulary or grammar, the necessary gap between each word can be as long as two full seconds.
This technique is most often used in the class reading of step three, but it can be used at any time.
The teacher draws the students' attention to a grammatical feature of one of the sentences they have been learning in the story, and explains it in five seconds or less.
Personalizing the language class is a key way to make the target language interesting and meaningful for students, and personalization is used extensively in TPR Storytelling.
Other good personalization techniques are the use of celebrities or of other characters the students know (such as the school principal).
More importantly, looking the students directly in the eyes while speaking gives the teacher a good indication of whether or not they understand what is being said.
After they have finished talking to that student, they can pick another student in a different part of the room to talk to.
Focusing attention on individual students like this helps teachers to assess student comprehension levels, and also keeps the teacher's intonation conversational and interesting.
There are books of suggested lesson plans, manuals explaining TPRS methodology, listening material, substitute DVDs, and many target language readers by a variety of authors and publishers.
These materials are generally written by TPRS teachers themselves; so far, the large publishing companies have been reluctant to publish materials that aren't based upon a fixed grammar syllabus.
Small TPRS publishers like Command Performance Language Institute, TPRS Books, Fluency Fast, Fluency Matters, Chalkboard Productions and Albany Language Learning/Squid For Brains are appearing to fill the need for materials to fit the TPRS community.
It requires juggling of many techniques in the classroom, and also an ability to make meaningful connections with students in the target language.
This is extremely hard to do without training and practice, so it is recommended that teachers attend at least one workshop or training session before they try TPR Storytelling in their classrooms.
There are three main U.S. conferences for TPRS teachers: NTPRS, which focuses on TPRS, and IFLT, which focuses on general comprehensible-input based instruction, and Comprehended World Languages, which focuses on TPRS/TCI and provides a lab teaching option.
It is a free online journal aimed at language teachers, and contains both research papers related to language acquisition and articles about language teaching.
The Input Hypothesis, proposed by Dr. Stephen Krashen, suggests that language development is a function of the input received by the learner.
It is characterized by listening and understanding to messages, reading interesting books and articles, and other enjoyable activities that take place in the language being learned.
For typical TPRS classes, the ratio works out at about 5% of time spent on learning and 95% of time spent on acquisition.
On the other hand, if people are experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, self-doubt, and boredom, language is much less likely to be acquired.
The class story in question might see the pitcher winning a game against an all-star team of professional batters, ideally in a humorous way.
This use of humor and making the students look good is built on the idea that students learn language better when they are enjoying themselves.
If after this the students still aren't comfortable with the target words, the teacher can simply tell a new story using the same vocabulary phrases in the next lesson.
Thirdly, teachers will try as far as possible to review all previously covered vocabulary in every lesson, finding ways to work the old vocabulary structures into class stories and class discussions.
In addition to the research backing up the general theoretical foundations of TPR Storytelling, there exists a growing number of studies dealing with TPRS specifically.
For example, Asher compared a class of 30 students taught with TPR Storytelling with another class of 30 students taught with the audio-lingual method (ALM).
Garczynski followed two groups of students over a six-week period, one of which was taught with TPR Storytelling, and the other of which was taught with the audio-lingual method.
The students who learned with TPR Storytelling scored slightly higher than the students who learned with the audio-lingual method, and the TPR Storytelling students showed a much greater rate of improvement than their ALM peers.
Covering the country's coastline, it has an area of 13,650 square kilometres and at the start of 2007 it was home to about 91,955 people.
It was built at the University of Manchester, UK, by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948, .
The machine was not intended to be a practical computer, but was instead designed as a testbed for the Williams tube, the first truly random-access memory.
As soon as the Baby had demonstrated the feasibility of its design, a project was initiated at the university to develop it into a more usable computer, the .
The Mark 1 in turn quickly became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer.
As it was designed to be the simplest possible stored-program computer, the only arithmetic operations implemented in hardware were subtraction and negation; other arithmetic operations were implemented in software.
The first of three programs written for the machine calculated the highest proper divisor of 2 (262,144), an algorithm that would take a long time to execute—and so prove the computer's reliability—by testing every integer from 2 downwards, as division was implemented by repeated subtraction of the divisor.
The program consisted of 17 instructions and ran for about 52 minutes before reaching the correct answer of 131,072, after the Baby had performed about 3.5 million operations (for an effective CPU speed of about 1100 instructions per second).
A century later, in 1936, mathematician Alan Turing published his description of what became known as a Turing machine, a theoretical concept intended to explore the limits of mechanical computation.
Turing proved that if an algorithm can be written to solve a mathematical problem, then a Turing machine can execute that algorithm.
Konrad Zuse's Z3 was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic computer, with binary digital arithmetic logic, but it lacked the conditional branching of a Turing machine.
It was Turing complete, with conditional branching, and programmable to solve a wide range of problems, but its program was held in the state of switches in patchcords, not in memory, and it could take several days to reprogram.
Researchers such as Turing and Zuse investigated the idea of using the computer's memory to hold the program as well as the data it was working on, and it was mathematician John von Neumann who wrote a widely distributed paper describing that computer architecture, still used in almost all computers.
The construction of a von Neumann computer depended on the availability of a suitable memory device on which to store the program.
During the Second World War researchers working on the problem of removing the clutter from radar signals had developed a form of delay line memory, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line, developed by J. Presper Eckert.
As operators are usually interested only in moving targets, it was desirable to filter out any distracting reflections from stationary objects.
The filtering was achieved by comparing each received pulse with the previous pulse, and rejecting both if they were identical, leaving a signal containing only the images of any moving objects.
To store each received pulse for later comparison it was passed through a transmission line, delaying it by exactly the time between transmitted pulses.
Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in October 1945, by which time scientists within the Ministry of Supply had concluded that Britain needed a National Mathematical Laboratory to co-ordinate machine-aided computation.
A Mathematics Division was set up at the NPL, and on 19 February 1946 Alan Turing presented a paper outlining his design for an electronic stored-program computer to be known as the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE).
This was one of several projects set up in the years following the Second World War with the aim of constructing a stored-program computer.
At about the same time, EDVAC was under development at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering, and the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory was working on EDSAC.
The NPL did not have the expertise to build a machine like ACE, so they contacted Tommy Flowers at the General Post Office's (GPO) Dollis Hill Research Laboratory.
Flowers, the designer of Colossus, the world's first programmable electronic computer, was committed elsewhere and was unable to take part in the project, although his team did build some mercury delay lines for ACE.
The Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) was also approached for assistance, as was Maurice Wilkes at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory.
The government department responsible for the NPL decided that, of all the work being carried out by the TRE on its behalf, ACE was to be given the top priority.
NPL's decision led to a visit by the superintendent of the TRE's Physics Division on 22 November 1946, accompanied by Frederic C. Williams and A. M. Uttley, also from the TRE.
Williams was not available to work on the ACE because he had already accepted a professorship at the University of Manchester, and most of his circuit technicians were in the process of being transferred to the Department of Atomic Energy.
The TRE agreed to second a small number of technicians to work under Williams' direction at the university, and to support another small group working with Uttley at the TRE.
Although early computers such as EDSAC made successful use of mercury delay line memory, the technology had several drawbacks; it was heavy, it was expensive, and it did not allow data to be accessed randomly.
In addition, because data was stored as a sequence of acoustic waves propagated through a mercury column, the device's temperature had to be very carefully controlled, as the velocity of sound through a medium varies with its temperature.
Williams had seen an experiment at Bell Labs demonstrating the effectiveness of cathode ray tubes (CRT) as an alternative to the delay line for removing ground echoes from radar signals.
While working at the TRE, shortly before he joined the University of Manchester in December 1946, he and Tom Kilburn had developed a form of electronic memory known as the Williams tube or Williams–Kilburn tube, based on a standard CRT, the first random-access digital storage device.
The Baby was designed to show that the system was a practical storage device, by testing that data held within it could be read and written at the speed necessary for use in a computer.
For use in a binary digital computer, the tube had to be capable of storing either one of two states at each of its memory locations, corresponding to the binary digits (bits) 0 and 1.
It exploited the positive or negative electric charge generated by displaying either a dash or a dot at any position on the CRT screen, a phenomenon known as secondary emission.
A dash generated a positive charge, and a dot a negative charge, either of which could be picked up by a detector plate in front of the screen; a negative charge represented 0, and a positive charge 1.
The charge dissipated in about 0.2 seconds, but it could be automatically refreshed from the data picked up by the detector.
The Williams tube used in Baby was based on the CV1131, a commercially available diameter CRT, but a smaller tube, the CV1097, was used in the Mark I.
After developing the Colossus computer for code breaking at Bletchley Park during World War II, Max Newman was committed to the development of a computer incorporating both Alan Turing's mathematical concepts and the stored-program concept that had been described by John von Neumann.
Following his appointment to the Chair of Electrical Engineering at Manchester University, Williams recruited his TRE colleague Tom Kilburn on secondment.
By the autumn of 1947 the pair had increased the storage capacity of the Williams tube from one bit to 2,048, arranged in a 64 by 32-bit array, and demonstrated that it was able to store those bits for four hours.
Jack Copeland explains that Kilburn's first (pre-Baby) accumulator-free (decentralized, in Jack Good's nomenclature) design was based on inputs from Turing, but that he later switched to an accumulator-based (centralized) machine of the sort advocated by von Neumann, as written up and taught to him by Jack Good and Max Newman.
The Baby used one Williams tube to provide 32 by 32-bit words of random-access memory (RAM), a second to hold a 32-bit accumulator in which the intermediate results of a calculation could be stored temporarily, and a third to hold the current program instruction along with its address in memory.
A fourth CRT, without the storage electronics of the other three, was used as the output device, able to display the bit pattern of any selected storage tube.
In a program instruction, bits 0–12 represented the memory address of the operand to be used, and bits 13–15 specified the operation to be executed, such as storing a number in memory; the remaining 16 bits were unused.
The Baby's 0-operand instruction set|single operand architecture meant that the second operand of any operation was implicit: the accumulator or the program counter (instruction address); program instructions specified only the address of the data in memory.
An instruction took four times as long to execute as accessing a word from memory, giving an instruction execution rate of about 700 per second.
The main store was refreshed continuously, a process that took 20 milliseconds to complete, as each of the Baby's 32 words had to be read and then refreshed in sequence.
In that representation, the value of the most significant bit denotes the sign of a number; positive numbers have a zero in that position and negative numbers a one.
Thus, the range of numbers that could be held in each 32-bit word was −2 to +2 − 1 (decimal: −2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647).
The awkward negative operations were a consequence of the Baby's lack of hardware to perform any arithmetic operations except subtraction and negation.
It was considered unnecessary to build an adder before testing could begin as addition can easily be implemented by subtraction, i.e.
Programs were entered in binary form by stepping through each word of memory in turn, and using a set of 32 buttons and switches known as the input device to set the value of each bit of each word to either 0 or 1.
The first, consisting of 17 instructions, was written by Kilburn, and so far as can be ascertained first ran on 21 June 1948.
It was designed to find the highest proper factor of 2 (262,144) by trying every integer from 2 − 1 downwards.
The program used eight words of working storage in addition to its 17 words of instructions, giving a program size of 25 words.
Geoff Tootill wrote an amended version of the program the following month, and in mid-July Alan Turing — who had been appointed as a reader in the mathematics department at Manchester University in September 1948 — submitted the third program, to carry out long division.
Turing had by then been appointed to the nominal post of Deputy Director of the Computing Machine Laboratory at the university, although the laboratory did not become a physical reality until 1951.
The machine's successful demonstration quickly led to the construction of a more practical computer, the , work on which began in August 1948.
The first version was operational by April 1949, and it in turn led directly to the development of the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer.
In 1998, a working replica of the Baby, now on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, was built to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the running of its first program.
The America East Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA Division I, whose members are located mainly in the Northeastern United States, specifically New England.
The conference was known as the Eastern College Athletic Conference-North from 1979 to 1988 and the North Atlantic Conference from 1988 to 1996.
The charter members were the University of Rhode Island, the College of the Holy Cross, Canisius College, Niagara University, Colgate University, Northeastern University, Boston University, the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire and the University of Vermont.
The America East Conference made history during the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on March 16, 2018 when No.
The newest associate member is the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), which joined in men's and women's swimming & diving starting with the 2017–18 school year.
The aforementioned California schools initially announced that they would leave America East field hockey after the 2018 season (2018–19 school year), but apparently backed out of that plan and will remain in the AmEast for the immediate future.
The most recent changes to the roster of America East sports were announced in 2016, with the dropping of women's tennis after the 2015–16 season due to a lack of sponsoring teams and the revival of men's swimming and diving effective in the 2017–18 school year.
No America East school has won a national title in a sport sponsored by the conference; however, member institutions have been national champions in non-America East sports.
Raymond-Roupen (also Raymond-Rupen and Ruben-Raymond; 1198 – 1219 or 1221/1222) was a member of the House of Poitiers who claimed the thrones of the Principality of Antioch and Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
His succession in Antioch was prevented by his paternal uncle Bohemond IV, but his maternal granduncle Leo I of Cilicia recognized him as heir presumptive to Cilicia and pressed his claim to Antioch.
He then pursued his claim to Cilicia, which Leo had unexpectedly willed to his daughter Isabella on his deathbed, but was defeated and imprisoned until death.
The marriage of Raymond-Roupen's parents, Raymond of Antioch and Alice of Armenia, was arranged in 1195 to end the hostilities between the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and the Latin Principality of Antioch and to eventually unite them under one ruler.
The infant was heir apparent to his grandfather Bohemond III of Antioch by primogeniture, but this principle was not upheld in the Latin East.
Raymond-Roupen's grandfather was elderly and unlikely to live until Raymond-Roupen reached the age of majority, making an undesirable Armenian-dominated regency likely if Raymond-Roupen were to succeed him.
Bohemond sent his widowed daughter-in-law back to Cilicia along with his newborn grandson, either to ensure their safety or to remove the grandson from succession in favor of a son by his latest marriage.
Leo, who had no sons, recognized Raymond-Roupen as his heir presumptive, and made it his principal mission to secure his grandnephew's succession to Antioch as well.
Conrad of Wittelsbach traveled from Sis to Antioch, where he compelled Bohemond III to summon his vassals and have Raymond-Roupen recognized as his heir apparent.
Bohemond III's eldest surviving son, Bohemond, who was already ruling the County of Tripoli, immediately denounced the oaths of allegiance given to Raymond-Roupen.
Having secured the support of the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, the Genoese and Pisan merchants, and the Commune of Antioch, Bohemond suddenly appeared in Antioch in late 1198, ejected his father and had the commune swear allegiance to himself as heir presumptive.
The following year, when he was about to reach the age of majority, Raymond-Roupen was sent by Leo to plunder Antioch.
Raymond-Roupen found new allies in the Hospitallers and Antiochene noblemen, including the leader of the commune, by promising grants of land.
Raymond-Roupen was consecrated as Prince of Antioch by the Latin Patriarch, Peter of Ivrea, and received the submission of the nobility and the commune.
He helped the Hospitallers occupy Jableh in 1218 but found himself lacking resources, as the principality had been devastated by the war.
Pope Honorius III ruled that Stephanie or her son by John should succeed King Leo, but both mother and child died soon after.
Raymond-Roupen's chances of winning the Cilician throne seemed good: he had the support of his mother, Alice; of some Cilician nobles; of the Hospitallers; of the papacy and of the papal legate Pelagius of Albano, who was leading the Fifth Crusade in Egypt.
Raymond-Roupen traveled to Damietta in the summer of 1220 to consult with Pelagius in person, after which he invaded Cilicia with his mother.
Isabella and Bohemond were left to reign uncontested in Cilicia and Antioch respectively, and shortly thereafter Bohemond's son Philip became king by marrying Isabella, but met a similar fate.
Honorius and Pelagius decided not to put forward the claims of Raymond-Roupen's young daughters, Maria and Eschiva, who were taken by their mother to Cyprus.
This behavior must be considered part of natural selection, as aggression leading to death or serious injury may eventually lead to extinction unless it has such a role.
His 'hydraulic' model, of aggression as a force that builds relentlessly without cause unless released, remains less popular than a model in which aggression is a response to frustrated desires and aims.
In the book, Lorenz describes the development of rituals among aggressive behaviors as beginning with a totally utilitarian action, but then evolving to more and more stylized actions, until finally, the action performed may be entirely symbolic and non-utilitarian, now fulfilling a function of communication.
Fischer noted that Lorenz acknowledges the role of culture in human life but that he perhaps underrated its effects on individual development.
Leach is however less sure that Lorenz is correct to equate animal and human aggression, the one taking standard ritualized forms, the other far more complex.
In their view, this was because both men had tried to write about a sensitive and important question, human nature and to what extent it is determined by evolution.
Fromm considered that in one way Lorenz had succeeded where Sigmund Freud had failed, Lorenz's hydraulic theory of aggression, innately programmed, being in Fromm's view a better explanation than Freud's opposed passions, the supposed drives for life (eros) and death or destruction (thanatos).
He lists a variety of aggression categories, each separately subject to natural selection, and states that aggressive behavior is, genetically, one of the most labile of all traits.
Artemisia tridentata, commonly called big sagebrush, Great Basin sagebrush or (locally) simply sagebrush, is an aromatic shrub from the family Asteraceae, which grows in arid and semi-arid conditions, throughout a range of cold desert, steppe, and mountain habitats in the Intermountain West of North America.
The range extends northward through British Columbia's southern interior, south into Baja California, and east into the western Great Plains of New Mexico, Colorado, Nebraska, and the Dakotas.
Several major threats exist to sage brush ecosystems, including human settlements, conversion to agricultural land, livestock grazing, invasive plant species, wildfires, and climate change.
Sagebrush provides food and habitat for a variety of species, such as sage grouse, pronghorn antelope, grey vireo, pygmy rabbit, and mule deer.
A deep taproot 1–4 m in length, coupled with laterally spreading roots near the surface, allows sagebrush to gather water from both surface precipitation and the water table several meters beneath.
The species has a strong pungent fragrance (especially when wet) due to the presence of camphor, terpenoids and other volatile oils.
It is an evergreen shrub, keeping some of its leaves year-round (although it loses many of them in the late summer).
This is due to the sprouts being connected to already healthy and associated plants while the new seedlings will start anew.
Sagebrush provides food and habitat for a variety of animal species, such as sage grouse, pronghorn, grey vireo, pygmy rabbit, and mule deer.
Besides providing shade and shelter from the wind, the long taproot of sagebrush draws water up from deep in the soil, some of which becomes available to these surrounding shallow-rooted plants.
These oils, at high concentrations, are toxic to the symbiotic bacteria in the rumen of some ruminants like deer and cattle.
Damage to sagebrush plants caused by grazing herbivores results in the release of volatile chemicals, which are used to signal a warning to nearby plants, so that they can increase the production of repellent chemical compounds.
Several major threats exist to sage brush ecosystems, including human settlements, conversion to agricultural land, livestock grazing, invasive plant species, wildfires, and climate change.
The burning of the shrubs leads to habitat loss of many species and can be very detrimental to the ecosystem as a whole.
Since its accidental introduction in the 1890s, cheatgrass has radically altered the native shrub ecosystem by replacing indigenous vegetation, and by creating a fire cycle that is too frequent to allow sagebrush to re-establish itself.
Big sagebrush is used as a herbal medicine by Native Americans throughout the Intermountain West of North America, most notably as a smudging herb.
The plant's oils are toxic to the liver and digestive system of humans if taken internally, so care must be taken during any form of internal use.
Karl, 8th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (; 29 November 185811 December 1919) was the 8th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.
Karl was born in Vienna, the capital of the Austrian Empire, as the son of Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (1834–1904), the head of the princely line of the House of Kinsky, and Princess Marie of Liechtenstein (1835-1905).
A servant, the Kinsky's master of the horse, Rowland Reynolds, who had two great loves, England and the Grand National steeplechase, was to prove a great influence on Karl, passing on his passions to the young Count.
The Empress arranged to visit Liverpool and see the famous steeplechase which provided Kinsky with his first opportunity to witness the event.
Later, in 1883, he won the Grand National on his own horse, from the family's own Kinsky breed, the mare Zoedone.
First, he was made Austro-Hungarian attache to Britain; and second, he rode his own horse, Zoedone, to win the 1883 Grand National.
Karl was involved in an affair with Lady Randolph Churchill, wife of Lord Randolph Churchill and the American-born mother of Sir Winston Churchill.
She was four years his senior, a famous socialite, and one of the most beautiful women of the time, and he was completely infatuated by her.
She was powerful, having social and romantic contacts that could make or break anyone wishing to climb in social status in the Britain of the time.
She later claimed that she would not have spent the time that she did with Kinsky were it not for the unfounded rumours of an affair being spread by society gossips, and her desire to spend time with him was simply for spite.
However, accounts from the time do indicate that the two were involved romantically, and the only motivation for quelling the rumours was that this affair was a semi-secret one.
She had these affairs with the full knowledge of her first husband, and they may even have assisted in his political and social standing and in his career.
At the time of Kinsky's affair with Jennie Churchill, she likely wielded more power behind the scenes than did Kinsky, and it would have been he who would have benefited more from the affair.
Keen to do his duty, but unwilling to fight the country he regarded as his second home, Kinsky volunteered to fight on the dreaded Russian front.
He survived but returned to a broken homeland and the knowledge that it was unlikely he would ever be welcome in England again.
He was liberated in 1945 by the advancing United States Army and spent most of the rest of his life as part of the academia in the United States.
Schuschnigg was born in Reiff am Gartsee (now ) in the Tyrolean crown land of Austria-Hungary (now in Trentino, Italy), the son of Anna (Wopfner) and Austrian General Artur von Schuschnigg, member of a long-established Austrian officers' family of Carinthian Slovene descent.
Subsequently, he studied law at the University of Freiburg and the University of Innsbruck, where he became a member of the Catholic fraternity .
Schuschnigg first joined the right-wing Christian Social Party and in 1927 was elected to the Nationalrat, then the youngest parliamentary deputy.
On 29 January 1932, the Christian Social chancellor Karl Buresch appointed Schuschnigg Minister of Justice, an office he retained in the cabinet of Buresch's successor Engelbert Dollfuss, and he also served as Minister of Education from 24 May 1933.
After Dollfuss was assassinated by the Nazi Otto Planetta during the July Putsch, Schuschnigg on 29 July was appointed Austrian chancellor.
Although his rule was milder than that of Dollfuss, his Austrofascist policies were not much different from the policies of his predecessor.
He had to manage the economy of a near-bankrupt state and to maintain law and order in a country which was forbidden, by the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain, to maintain an army in excess of 30,000 men.
At the same time, had also to cope with armed paramilitary forces in Austria, which owed their allegiance not to the state but to various rival political parties.
He also had to be mindful of the growing strength of the Austrian Nazis, who supported Adolf Hitler's ambitions to absorb Austria into Nazi Germany.
His overriding political concern was to preserve Austria's independence within the borders imposed on it by the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which ultimately failed.
His policy of counterbalancing the German threat by aligning himself with Austria's southern and eastern neighbours—the Kingdom of Italy under the fascist rule of Benito Mussolini and the Kingdom of Hungary—was doomed to failure after Mussolini had sought Hitler's support in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and left Austria under the increasing pressure of a massively rearmed Third Reich.
In July 1936, he signed an Austro-German Agreement, which, among other concessions, allowed the release of imprisoned July Putsch insurgents and the inclusion of the Nazi contact men Edmund Glaise-Horstenau and Guido Schmidt in the Austrian cabinet.
... Christendom is anchored in our very soil, and we know but one God: and that is not the State, or the Nation, or that elusive thing, Race.
On 12 February 1938, Schuschnigg met Hitler in his Berghof residence in an attempt to smooth the worsening relations between their two countries.
To Schuschnigg's surprise, Hitler presented him with a set of demands which, in manner and in terms, amounted to an ultimatum, effectively demanding the handing over of power to the Austrian Nazis.
The terms of the agreement, presented to Schuschnigg for immediate endorsement, stipulated the appointment of Nazi sympathiser Arthur Seyss-Inquart as minister of security, which controlled the police.
Another pro-Nazi, Dr Hans Fischböck, was to be named as minister of finance to prepare for economic union between Germany and Austria.
On the following day, 14 February, Schuschnigg reorganised his cabinet on a broader basis and included representatives of all former and present political parties.
Hitler immediately appointed a new Gauleiter for Austria, a Nazi Austrian army officer who had just been released from prison in accordance with the terms of the general amnesty stipulated by the Berchtesgaden agreement.
On 20 February, Hitler made a speech before the Reichstag which was broadcast live and which for the first time was relayed also by the Austrian radio network.
To resolve the political uncertainty in the country and to convince Hitler and the rest of the world that the people of Austria wished to remain Austrian and independent of the Third Reich, Schuschnigg, with the full agreement of the President and other political leaders, decided to proclaim a plebiscite to be held on 13 March.
Although members of Schuschnigg's party (the Fatherland Front) could vote at any age, all other Austrians below the age of 24 were to be excluded under a clause to that effect in the Austrian Constitution.
This would shut out from the polls most of the Nazi sympathisers in Austria, since the movement was strongest among the young.
Knowing he was in a bind, Schuschnigg held talks with the leaders of the Social Democrats, and agreed to legalise their party and their trade unions in return for their support of the referendum.
This demand President Miklas was reluctant to endorse but eventually, under the threat of immediate armed intervention, it was endorsed as well.
Schuschnigg resigned on 11 March, and Seyss-Inquart was appointed Chancellor, but it made no difference; German troops flooded into Austria and were received everywhere by enthusiastic and jubilant crowds.
After initial house arrest followed by solitary confinement at Gestapo headquarters, he spent the remainder of the war in Sachsenhausen, then Dachau.
In late April 1945, Schuschnigg was, with other prominent concentration camp inmates, transferred from Dachau to South Tyrol where the SS guards abandoned the prisoners into the hands of officers of the Wehrmacht, who freed them.
From there, Schuschnigg and his family were transported, along with many of the ex-prisoners, to the isle of Capri in Italy before being set free.
After World War II, Schuschnigg emigrated to the United States, where he worked as a professor of political science at Saint Louis University from 1948 to 1967.
In The 1850s and 1860s he helped the re-cataloging of the Harvard College Library, producing the America's first public card catalog.
The card system proved more flexible for librarians and far more useful to patrons than the old method of entering titles in chronological order in large books.
Cutter is remembered for the Cutter Expansive Classification, his system of giving standardized classification numbers to each book, and arranging them on shelves by that number so that books on similar topics would be shelved together.
He was appointed assistant librarian of the divinity school while still a student there and served in that capacity from 1857 to 1859.
The catalog, dating from 1840, had a lack of order after the acquisition of 4,000 volumes from the collection of Professor Gottfried Christian Friedrich Lücke of University of Göttingen, which added much depth to the Divinity School Library's collection.
During the 1857-58 school year, Cutter rearranged the library collection on the shelves into broad subject categories along with classmate Charles Noyes Forbes.
His first assignment was to organize and aggregate the inventory of the library and develop a catalog from that and to publish a complete dictionary catalog for their collection.
The previous librarian and assistants had been working on this, but much of the work was sub par and, according to Cutter, needed to be redone.
In 1876, Cutter was hired by the United States Bureau of Education to help write a report about the state of libraries for the Centennial.
Cutter introduced characteristic structures and philosophies such as inter-library loan and furnishing every book with a pouch in the rear to encase a card in order to keep track of the item's circulating status.
He spent a lot of time discussing practicalities, such as how the library arranged adequate lighting and controlled moisture in the air to preserve the books.
This system incorporated seven levels of classification with the most basic libraries operating at the first level and the grandest, most distinguished institutions utilizing the seventh level, and it was Cutter's aspiration to orchestrate a classification system for every type of library.
It was this classification which laid the foundation for the Library of Congress Subject Headings and the Sear's List of subject Headings.
When Cutter began to delegate a new system for the library he initially chose the Dewey Decimal Classification, however determined it was more beneficial to assign a more distinct adaptation for the collection.
Even though Cutter's Expansive Classification was recognized as a significant contribution to libraries and to the burgeoning field of library science, Cutter himself did not champion its success nor did he anticipate future editions of his system.
Cutter may have established that the Dewey system was not practical for his cataloging purposes and indeed Dewey and he often experienced tensions with one another while constituting the American Library Association of which they were two of the 100 founding members in 1876, nevertheless he was regarded as an accomplished and sophisticated librarian and cataloger.
Cutter was commissioned on at least one occasion to propose an architectural conception for the University of Toronto Library which had recently been consumed by a massive conflagration.
In 1893, Cutter submitted a letter to the trustees that he would not seek to renew his contract at the end of the year.
Thus small libraries who did not like having to deal with unnecessarily long classification numbers could use lower levels and still be specific enough for their purpose.
Today, Charles Ammi Cutter might be surprised to see his own portrait hanging over the reference librarians' desk in the Forbes Library in Northampton.
Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) is a decommissioned research reactor and U.S. National Historic Landmark located in the desert about southeast of Arco, Idaho.
At 1:50 p.m. on December 20, 1951, it became one of the world's first electricity-generating nuclear power plants when it produced sufficient electricity to illuminate four 200-watt light bulbs.
Electricity had earlier been generated by a nuclear reactor on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
EBR-I subsequently generated sufficient electricity to power its building, and continued to be used for experimental purposes until it was decommissioned in 1964.
The reactor was designed and constructed by a team led by Walter Zinn at the Argonne National Laboratory Idaho site, known as Argonne-West.
Installation of the reactor at EBR-I took place in early 1951 (the first reactor in Idaho) and it began power operation on August 24, 1951.
The design purpose of EBR-I was not to produce electricity but instead to validate nuclear physics theory that suggested that a breeder reactor should be possible.
It was subsequently repaired for further experiments, which determined that thermal expansion of the fuel rods and the thick plates supporting the fuel rods was the cause of the unexpected reactor response.
Although EBR-I produced the first electricity available in-house, a nearby experimental boiling water reactor plant called BORAX-III (also designed, built, and operated by Argonne National Laboratory) was connected to external loads, powering the nearby city of Arco, Idaho in 1955, the first time a city had been powered solely by nuclear power.
Besides generating the world's first electricity from atomic energy, EBR-I was also the world's first breeder reactor and the first to use plutonium fuel to generate electricity (see also the Clementine nuclear reactor).
EBR-1's initial purpose was to prove Enrico Fermi's fuel breeding principle, a principle that showed a nuclear reactor producing more fuel atoms than consumed.
It was in this identical to the initial configuration of the later Dounreay Fast Reactor which first went critical in 1959.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965 with its dedication ceremony held on August 25, 1966, led by President Lyndon Johnson and Glenn T. Seaborg.
The Case of Charles Dexter Ward is a short horror novel (51,500 words) by American writer H. P. Lovecraft, written in early 1927, but not published during the author's lifetime.
The novel, set in 1928, describes how Charles Dexter Ward becomes obsessed with his distant ancestor, Joseph Curwen, an alleged wizard with unsavory habits.
The bulk of the story concerns the investigation conducted by the Wards' family doctor, Marinus Bicknell Willett, in an attempt to discover the reason for Ward's madness and physiological changes.
Willett learns that Ward had spent the past several years attempting to discover the grave of his ill-reputed ancestor, Joseph Curwen.
The doctor slowly begins to reveal the truth behind the legends surrounding Curwen, an eighteenth-century shipping entrepreneur and alleged alchemist, who was in reality a necromancer and mass murderer.
A raid on Curwen's farm was remarkable for the shouted incantations, lights, explosions, and some not-quite-human figures shot down by the raiders.
Willett also finds that Curwen, who resembles Charles enough to pass for him, murdered and replaced his modern descendant and resumed his evil activities.
Although Curwen convinces onlookers that he is Charles, his anachronistic mindset and behaviour lead authorities to certify him insane and imprison him in an asylum.
While Curwen is locked up, Willett's investigation leads him to a bungalow in Pawtuxet Village, which Ward had purchased while under the influence of Curwen.
The house is on the site of the old farm which was Curwen's headquarters for his nefarious doings; beneath is a vast catacomb that the wizard had built as a lair during his previous lifetime.
During a horrific journey through this labyrinth, in which Willett sees a deformed monster in a pit, he discovers the truth about Curwen's crimes and also the means of returning him to the grave.
It is also revealed that Curwen has been engaged in a long-term conspiracy with certain other necromancers, associates from his previous life who have somehow escaped death, to resurrect and torture the world's wisest people to gain knowledge that will make them powerful and threaten the future of mankind.
The entrance to the vaults has been sealed as if it had never existed, but Willett finds a note from the being written in Latin instructing him to kill Curwen and destroy his body.
Ward's ancestor (great-great-great-grandfather) and dead ringer, a successful merchant, shipping magnate, slave trader, and highly accomplished sorcerer, born in what is now Danvers, Massachusetts, seven miles from Salem, on February 18, 1662.
He dies, at least temporarily, in 1771 in the course of a raid on his lair by a group of important Providence citizens (Abraham Whipple, John and Moses Brown and Esek Hopkins among them) who have got wind of only a few of his crimes.
To this end his agents scour the graveyards and tombs of the world for the corpses of illustrious persons which are then smuggled back to Providence, where Curwen temporarily raises them to torture their secrets out of them.
In this endeavour he is assisted by two fellow necromancers and Salem exiles; Jedediah/Simon Orne, alias Joseph Nadek, who lives in Prague, and Edward Hutchinson, who masquerades as Baron Ferenczy in Transylvania.
the nature or the use for the information extracted from the resurrected wise persons, is not completely specified and its interpretation is largely left to the reader.
It is evident he was betrayed and probably killed by the entity summoned in his defense during the siege to the hidden grounds of his farm, but the identity of this being, as well as its possible connection with Yog-Sothoth (whose name is mentioned in the incantations) is left open to speculation.
Prior to his first death, Curwen finds a way to create a spell that would transcend time and inspire a descendant to become interested in him and his work and attempt to bring him back should he ever be slain.
Curwen immediately makes contact with Orne and Hutchinson, who have been alive and active all the while, and starts up his old plots once again.
Curwen never hesitates to stoop to murder, torture or blackmail to achieve his ends; he also uses – and kills – vast numbers of living slaves as subjects for his experiments.
He also feigns some degree of civic spirit and decency, both to his fellow citizens and to his wife, as part of a clever ruse—a social gambit aimed at producing an heir, as well as improving his public image to avoid forced displacement.
In August 1925, Lovecraft's Aunt Lillian sent him an anecdote about the house at 140 Prospect Street, built in 1801 by Colonel Thomas Lloyd Halsey in Providence, Rhode Island.
The incantation invokes several divine names, such as Adonai, Eloim, and Jehova, and references the Salamander, Sylphs, and Gnomes, which are the alchemical representatives of Fire, Air, and Earth respectively, as described by Paracelsus.
The Department of Computer Science and Technology, formerly the Computer Laboratory, is the computer science department of the University of Cambridge.
The Department was founded as the Mathematical Laboratory under the leadership of John Lennard-Jones on 14 May 1937, though it did not get properly established until after World War II.
In 1970, the Mathematical Laboratory was renamed the Computer Laboratory, with separate departments for Teaching and Research and the Computing Service, providing computing services to the university and its colleges.
The two did not fully separate until 2001, when the Computer Laboratory moved out to the new William Gates building in West Cambridge, off Madingley Road, leaving behind an independent Computing Service.
On 30 June 2017, the Cambridge University Reporter announced that the Computer Laboratory would change its name to the Department of Computer Science and Technology from 1 October 2017, to reflect the broadened scope of its purpose and activities.
The Convocations of Canterbury and York were the synodical assemblies of the two Provinces of the Church of England until the Church Assembly was established in 1920.
Their origins date back to the end of the seventh century when Theodore of Tarsus (Archbishop of Canterbury, 668-690) reorganized the structures of the English Church and established national synod of bishops.
In 1225, representatives of the cathedral and monastic chapters were included for the first time and in 1285 the membership of the Convocation of Canterbury assumed the basic form which it retained till 1921: Bishops, Abbots (till the 1530s and the Dissolution of the Monasteries), Deans, and Archdeacons, plus one representative of each cathedral chapter and two for the clergy from each diocese.
By the fifteenth century, each convocation was divided into an upper house (the Bishops) and a lower house (the remaining members).
In 1921, the number of proctors (elected representatives) of the diocesan clergy was increased to make them a majority in the lower houses.
The Convocation of York was a relatively small part of the Church in England and Wales with only five member dioceses in Henry VIII's reign.
In 1462 it decided that all the provincial constitutions of Canterbury which were not repugnant or prejudicial to its own should be allowed in the Northern Province and by 1530 the Archbishop of York rarely attended sessions and the custom that York waited to see what Canterbury had decided and either accepted or rejected it was well established.
The Convocation of York was, in practice, taking second place to that of Canterbury so much so that in 1852 the Archbishop of York Thomas Musgrave stated that since the time of Henry VIII the archbishop had only attended personally two sessions (in 1689 and 1708).
Until 1664, they (not Parliament) determined the taxes to be paid by the clergy, but their powers in general were severely curtailed by Henry VIII in 1532/4; and from the time of the Reformation till 1965 they were summoned and dissolved at the same time as Parliament.
Under Henry VIII and his successor Edward VI between 1534 and 1553 the Convocations were used as a source of clerical opinion but ecclesiastical legislation was secured by statute from Parliament.
Later between 1559 and 1641, Elizabeth I, James I and Charles I gave the force of law to decisions of Convocation without recourse to Parliament by letters patent under the great seal notably the Thirty-Nine Articles (1571) and the 141 Canons of 1603.
The Convocations were abolished during the Commonwealth but restored on the accession of Charles II in 1660 and they synodically approved the Book of Common Prayer which was imposed by the Act of Uniformity in 1662.
Business was resumed in 1701 and by the time Queen Anne died in 1714 draft canons and forms of service had been drawn up for royal assent.
Benjamin Hoadley by the lower house (see the Bangorian controversy) and with the exception of an abortive session in 1741 the Convocations met only for formal business at the beginning of each parliament until the middle of the nineteenth century when Canterbury (in 1852) and York (in 1861) began to discuss issues of the day.
Until the Great Reform Bill of 1832, Parliament had been theoretically an Anglican body, and many churchmen began to argue that neither Parliament nor the bishops in the House of Lords expressed the mind of the Church as a whole In 1847 the routine session at the beginning of a new Parliament coincided with the polemical nomination of Dr Hampden to the see of Hereford.
The formal address to the Queen was debated for six hours and an amendment carried praying the Crown to revive the active powers of convocation.
The driving force behind the campaign to achieve this was the London banker, Henry Hoare, who dedicated himself to the task.
The opposition was formidable: half the clergy and most of the laity rejected the idea, many politicians were against it and the two archbishops—John Bird Sumner and Thomas Musgrave—had no desire to revive Convocation.
The legal basis of the resistance was the claim that convocation could only discuss such business as was expressly specified by the Crown.
Over the next eight years it was established that it could debate and act provided it did not try to discuss or frame canons and that the archbishop could only prorogue (adjourn) a session with the consent of his fellow diocesans.
Sumner was convinced of the value of Convocation and those bishops who had opposed the revival were taking part positively in its debates.
Musgrave maintained his opposition until his death in 1860—he even locked the room where it was due to meet—and the Northern Convocation remained inactive until his successor took office.
However, in 1885 the Convocations agreed to the establishment of parallel Houses of Laity elected by the lay members of the diocesan conferences.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, both Convocations together with their respective houses of laity began to meet as a Representative Council which however had no legal authority or position.
The Convocations still exist and their members constitute the two clerical houses of the General Synod but, apart from some residual and formal responsibilities, all legal authority is now vested in the Synod which was established in 1970.
Due to its inordinate size, the Convocation will elect a standing committee, which is responsible for making representations concerning the views of the alumni to the university administration.
The main function of the convocation is to represent the views of the alumni to the university administration, to encourage co-operation among alumni, especially in regard to donations, and to elect members of the university's governing body (known variously as the Senate, Council, Board, etc., depending on the particular institution, but basically equivalent to a board of directors of a corporation).
In the University of Oxford, Convocation was originally the main governing body of the university, consisting of all doctors and masters of the university, but it now comprises all graduates of the university and its only remaining function is to elect the Chancellor of the University and the Professor of Poetry.
At Durham University, Convocation consists of all the graduates of the university along with the Chancellor, Vice,-Chancellor, and Deputy Vice-Chancellor, the Pro-Vice-Chancellors, the heads of colleges, and all professors, readers, senior lecturers and lecturers.
In the University of London, convocation, between its establishment in 1858 and its abolition in 2003, consisted of the university's graduates who were involved in the university's governance.
At other universities such as Syracuse University, University of Oklahoma, and University of Utah, graduation ceremonies consist of both a commencement and a convocation with the commencement being the larger, university-wide ceremony and the individual colleges presenting degrees at a convocation.
In many universities throughout the world (including countries such as Canada, Ukraine (National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy), Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) convocation is the university graduation ceremony to award degrees to students and honorary graduates.
In time-leaping ham radio conversations between firefighter Frank Sullivan, speaking from 1969, and his son John, speaking from 1999, discussing events in the 1969 World Series, the two come to a point of trust about the details of events and how they play out.
In October 1969, FDNY firefighter Frank Sullivan (Quaid) dies in a warehouse fire, leaving behind his wife Julia and six-year-old son John.
Thirty years later, in 1999, John, now an NYPD detective, is dumped by his girlfriend Samantha for being emotionally shut off.
John's neighbor and childhood buddy, Gordo finds a Heathkit single-sideband ham radio that once belonged to Frank, but fails to get it working.
The night before the anniversary of his father's death, John is surprised to find the radio broadcasting during an occurrence of the aurora borealis, and has a brief conversation with another man concerning the 1969 World Series, which John is able to recount in specific detail.
Eventually, he realizes that the other man is his father in 1969 and tries to warn him of his impending death.
Subsequently, John begins to notice major changes in the present: His mother Julia no longer lives at her current address, Samantha doesn't recognize him, and he learns that Frank died in 1989 from lung cancer due to his persistent smoking.
However, John discovers that the Nightingale is now connected to ten murders, including that of his mother two weeks after Frank's now-avoided death.
Feeling guilty that their actions somehow led to the Nightingale committing more murders, John persuades his father to help him prevent these crimes from occurring.
But when he tries to rescue the second, the Nightingale subdues him, steals his driver's license, and plants it on the victim to frame Frank for the murder.
John instructs his father to wrap his wallet in plastic and hide it somewhere in the house where John can find it 30 years later.
Julia was supposed to leave early after learning Frank's death, but since it didn't happen in the new timeline, Julia didn't leave the hospital which prevented the error that would have killed Shepard.
While awaiting questioning, Frank activates the precinct's fire sprinkler system, escapes, and breaks into Shepard's apartment, where he finds jewelry taken from the victims.
Shepard catches Frank in the act and pursues him, ending with a fight underwater where Frank appears to have killed Shepard.
Satch, having realized that Frank was telling the truth, arrives in time to witness the struggle, finds the jewelry from the victims and Frank is exonerated.
Frank fixes the radio, but while talking both he and John are attacked by the 1969 and 1999 versions of Shepard.
Using a shotgun, Frank manages to blow off Shepard's right hand in 1969 and Shepard flees, causing Shepherd's hand to disappear in 1999 just as he's about to kill John as the changes in the past affect the present.
Furnishings in the house begin to change as the timeline rapidly fixes itself in 1999 and an elderly Frank, having quit smoking to avoid his death in 1989, appears and kills Shepard with the same shotgun, and embraces his son.
Sylvester Stallone was rumored to be taking the role of Frank Sullivan in 1997, but fell out of the deal after a dispute over his fee.
The American Radio Relay League assisted in some of the technical aspects in the film, though some ham radio enthusiasts criticized technical errors that made it into the film.
The Software Engineering 2004 (SE2004) —formerly known as Computing Curriculum Software Engineering (CCSE)— is a document that provides recommendations for undergraduate education in software engineering.
Important components of SE2004 include the Software Engineering Education Knowledge, a list of topics that all graduates should know, as well as a set of guidelines for implementing curricula and a set of proposed courses.
Their fear may actually be a combination of fears, such as fear of failing at assigned tasks, speaking before groups at work (both of which are types of performance anxiety), socializing with co-workers (a type of social phobia), and other fears of emotional, psychological and/or physiological injuries.
A phobia is a psychological condition in which an individual has a persisting fear of situations or objects, disproportionate to the threat they actually pose.
Once the fearful individual encounters the situation or object of their phobia, the emotional, cognitive and physical reaction is almost immediate.
This condition creates immense distress that stems from the need to constantly be alert and to be able to avoid the triggering source of the phobia.
There have been several studies focusing on burnout among teachers, and it has been found that those experiencing ergophobia performed significantly worse on a physical health index compared to their colleagues.
Freudenberger, for example, used it to describe the phenomenon of physical and emotional exhaustion with associated negative attitudes arising from intense interactions when working with people.
Later studies on ergophobia and occupational burnout build upon the existing conception of Freudenberger’s research and found the phenomenon was quite common in a variety of human service occupations.
Even though there is no formal diagnosis procedure, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a  series of introspective occupational burnout questions is used together with Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) to assess levels of burnout.
Ergophobia is not defined as a phobia in the DSM 5 manual, but it may be a subset of performance anxiety.
There may be a connection between executive dysfunction and work-related anxiety because there is a known connection between dysfunction and general anxiety disorder.
Generalized Anxiety disorder might be a similar syndrome, in it one experiences uncontrollably elevated levels of anxiety and worries over varying issues and events.
As with phobia, the anxiety and individual with Generalized Anxiety Disorder experiences is disproportionate to the actual threat that the events or situations pose.
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by feelings of anxiety caused by social interactions or situations in which the individual can be scrutinized or rejected by others.
This disorder greatly influences performance in social, occupational or other important situations, and as such may seem similar to Ergophobia or occupational burnout.
Specifically, these traits are shown in two parts externally, emotional exhaustion refers to the feeling of being emotionally drained after interacting with other people and depersonalization is expressed in negative attitudes or unsympathetic responses towards other people.
When an individual perceives their sense of competence as lesser than their co-workers, or view their intelligence as greater than their colleagues who are being elevated to higher roles, there is a higher chance that their sense of personal accomplishment gets diminished.
With the decline of at first the agricultural, and later manufacturing sectors in the United States, the service industry has come to be the dominant industry in the economy in North America.
Because burnout or ergophobia is most commonly found in service sector roles, it is easy to see how it is becoming a more prevalent issue in contemporary society.
The more people employed in an environment that is conducive to ergophobia, the greater the number of cases of ergophobia, regardless of changes in the rates reported of ergophobia itself.
Such a system, in which the relationship between employee and boss is much closer, and thus the employee is subsequent to more face-to-face scrutiny which can exacerbate emotional exhaustion among employees and subsequently feelings of ergophobia.
Mental health has become a much less taboo subject in recent years, and there is a proliferation of mental health awareness discourses in popular North American culture.
As the fear of work itself is such a general catchall term, many may believe that they suffer from ergophobia when in fact the root issue is a plethora of other mental health issues such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder or social anxiety disorder.
He is best known as a member of the industrial music group Skinny Puppy, which he co-founded in 1982 with singer Nivek Ogre.
Initially a side project while he was with the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy quickly became his primary musical outlet after landing a record deal with Nettwerk Records in 1984.
In addition to his work with Skinny Puppy and Download, Key has had several side projects, most notably The Tear Garden, a project started in 1985 with Legendary Pink Dots singer Edward Ka-Spel.
Due to an alcohol problem their father developed following his service in World War II, he and his siblings, an older brother and younger sister, had to learn to fend for themselves at a young age.
His father initially disapproved of his behavior, but changed his attitude when Key began dyeing his hair at the age of 17 and would later come to fully support his career as a musician.
Key would often turn to music as a way to escape his home life and the difficulties of high school, and he soon found himself learning to use drums and synthesizers.
There's no training for dysfunction ... Luckily my family had a piano and an organ that had one of those weird drum machines in it, and I sort of had the luck to be able to have these things around me, to take out frustrations on.
In 1978, his parents sent him to live in Japan with a Japanese family, an experience that he considered valuable to his development as an individual.
He had been planning to live in Japan and was offered a job at a Tokyo radio station as an interviewer when he received an invite from Gary Smith to join Images in Vogue.
He also performed as a multi-instrumentalist in the punk band Illegal Youth, which feature Al Nelson, the future vocalist of Hilt.
In 1981, Key joined Images in Vogue, a successful new wave group based in Vancouver who had put out an ad looking for musicians with their own equipment.
The EP was a success, selling 10,000 copies in a span of six weeks and topping a number of college radio station playlists.
Bill Leeb, Key's friend from Vancouver's late-night club circuit, had introduced him to early industrial bands such as Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire, and he soon found himself recording his own songs.
Key met Nivek Ogre (Kevin Ogilvie) at a party in late 1982 and asked him to provide vocals for the songs he had made.
Key hired Dwayne Goettel to play with Skinny Puppy in 1986 after it had become apparent that Leeb was uninterested in touring.
It's something that I have to walk away from ... Every year there seems to be a promise and hope that we'll be able to talk, and we'll forget about all the things that have a lot to do with ego.
Forget about ego and get into the studio and do something we originally wanted to do, which is just to make music that we'll listen to and be genuine fans of.
In 1998, Key ran into Ogre at a Bauhaus reunion concert and discussed the possibility of working together in the future.
As his relationship with Ogre improved, German promoters began asking if they would be interested in performing as Skinny Puppy once more.
On August 20, 2000, Key and Ogre reunited in for a one-off performance as Skinny Puppy at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden.
Key said that the way the band recorded music had not changed much from before, but that the advancement of technology had greatly improved the process.
Key presented Ka-Spel with some recordings he had made, believing that Ka-Spel's voice would work well with them; Ka-Spel agreed after listening to the tapes.
The pair formed The Tear Garden soon after and, with Dave Ogilvie as producer, released a self-titled EP later in the year.
There's a certain greatness to knowing that the tape isn't rolling and knowing that the song that you're playing is simply the last time you'll ever hear it, if your in a jamming, improvisational mode.
Goettel and Western had created the label Subconscious Communications in 1993 as a means of releasing material for the aDuck project.
He used his pet cats to help make portions the album, sometimes allowing them to walk across keyboards to see what sounds they would come up with.
In 2011, Key held the SUBcon Beyond Fest in Santa Monica which featured a number of artists signed Subconscious Communications, including Phil Western, Mark Spybey, Download, PlaTEAU, and Tokyo Decadence, and local talent such as Cyrusrex and Wet Mango.
Cyberaktif was a collaboration between key and Bill Leeb from the band Front Line Assembly, with Goettel acting predominantly as a support musician.
The band Hilt, a collaboration between Key and Geottel, and Al Nelson, started when Nettwerk challenged the group to produce an album for as little money as possible.
He credits his style of drumming to an interest in Latin and African percussion, as well as rap music, industrial music, and early 70s rock.
They're just doing what they can to get themselves in the position of being seen as cool ... For me to say that it shouldn't exist would be censorship and would be completely everything i'm against.
He made frequent use of instruments such as the Roland TR-808 drum machine, which proved central to his original setup for Skinny Puppy, and the ARP 2500.
For live performances, he uses a Moog synthesizer, Roland V-Synth, Teenage Engineering OP-1, and an array of analog effects triggers such as a Pearl Syncussion SY-1.
His older brother, who left the family home at 17, became an artist and designer, while his younger sister became a legal secretary.
He said in a Facebook update that the cancer had started in his nose before spreading up to his eye and down to his lip.
It was located primarily on the New Museums Site, Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge, England but, in September 2013 moved to the Roger Needham Building on the West Cambridge site.
On 30 March 2014, the Computing Service merged with the Management Information Services Division (MISD) of the Unified Administrative Service (UAS) to create the University Information Services department.
Craft unionism refers to a model of trade unionism in which workers are organised based on the particular craft or trade in which they work.
It contrasts with industrial unionism, in which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of differences in skill.
Craft unionism is perhaps best exemplified by many of the construction unions that formed the backbone of the old American Federation of Labor (which later merged with the industrial unions of the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL–CIO).
For example, in the building trades, all carpenters belong to the carpenters' union, the plasterers join the plasterers' union, and the painters belong to the painters' union.
The primary goal of craft unionism is the betterment of the members of the particular group and the reservation of job opportunities to members of the union and those workers allowed to seek work through the union's hiring hall.
This distinction between craft and industrial unionism was a hotly contested issue in the first four decades of the twentieth century, as the craft unions that held sway in the American Federation of Labor sought to block other unions from organizing on an industrial basis in the steel and other mass production industries.
The dispute ultimately led to the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, which split from the AFL to establish itself as a rival organization.
The first unions established in Russia in the early nineteenth century tended, by nature of the industries in which their members worked, to be craft unions: shoemakers, cordwainers (shoemakers who work with cordovan leather) and typesetters all worked, as a rule, in small shops in which they had little contact with workers in other fields.
These traditions persisted into the twentieth century in fields such as printing, in which the International Typographical Union would enforce its own rules determining how work was done in union shops, and in the construction industry.
The concept of organizing a strong federation on the basis of craft evolved out of conflict between the Knights of Labor (KOL), which organized mass organizations of unskilled, semiskilled and skilled workers by territory, and the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which organized only skilled workers.
The craft workers were capable of demanding more from their employers due to their skills, and therefore organized into stronger organizations pursuing narrower interests.
The AFL was formed as a direct result of the perceived need by skilled workers to defend their individual craft organizations from poaching by the Knights of Labor.
In 1901, the AFL issued a statement referred to as the Scranton Declaration, which asserted that unions were formed on the basis of the trade practiced by a group of skilled workers.
The Scranton Declaration would be invoked – except in the case of powerful industrial unions that resisted, such as the United Mine Workers – to enforce craft autonomy as the cornerstone of the organization.
The principle of craft autonomy began to give way in many trades, however, with the advent of industrialization in the second quarter of the twentieth century.
The most impressive example was in the textile industry, which created massive new factories staffed by unskilled workers that displaced the small scale and home workshops of weavers in New England.
New industrial processes and markets also gave rise, however, to many small shops in which semiskilled and unskilled workers did a discrete portion of the work that a skilled worker might have done a decade earlier.
Gender and ethnicity also played a part in these new patterns of work: the cotton and woolen mills in New England hired primarily young unmarried girls, often straight from the farm, to tend their machines, while sweatshops most frequently exploited immigrant workers.
Those workers who could hold on to their skill and their control over work processes, such as carpenters, butchers and printers, resisted by forming craft unions.
They not only extolled the dignity of work and the dignity of the master worker, but frequently defined themselves by what they were not: to that end, craft unions often developed rigid entrance requirements that excluded women, immigrants, African-Americans and other minority workers.
The railroad brotherhoods, the unions formed in the latter half of the nineteenth century, made minute distinctions between groups that worked alongside each other; as an example, more than twenty years passed between the original chartering of the International Brotherhood of Stationary Firemen and the amendment of its charter to permit the union to represent the oilers and helpers who worked with them.
Those who saw themselves at the top of the ladder took their elevated status very seriously; as an example, locomotive engineers on many railroads made a point of wearing top hats and a good suit of clothes while at work to demonstrate that they did not get their hands dirty or perform manual labor.
While both the Knights of Labor and Eugene V. Debs' American Railway Union attempted to organize railroad workers on an industrial basis, those efforts were defeated, in some cases by government intervention, injunctions, and force of arms.
In other cases unions within the AFL organized on an industrial basis: the United Mine Workers, the United Brewery Workers and the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union admitted to membership all workers in the industry, or attached to it.
The ILGWU also tended to group its workers based on seemingly trivial distinctions between the type of garment they produced: among the locals created by the ILGWU in the first decade of its existence was one titled the Wrapper, Kimono and House Dress Makers' Union.
As long as the craft unions were the dominant power in the AFL, they took every step possible to block the organizing of mass production industries.
In at least one sense the IWW practiced (and practices) the most egalitarian form of industrial unionism, organizing and accepting membership of workers in any given industry whether they are currently employed or not.
The IWW was successful in some cases, leading a strike of immigrant workers employed in the woolens industry in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and many smaller strikes in longshore, agriculture and the lumber industry.
In its first three years it was greatly hampered by deep political divisions, such as the question of unions engaging in electoral politics (resolved in favor of ruling out alliances with political parties).
The IWW was seriously damaged by government prosecution and vigilantism in the post-war red scare that reached its peak in 1919, and in the Palmer Raids of the same period.
This dispute came to a head at the AFL’s convention in Atlantic City in 1935, when William Hutcheson, the President of the Carpenters, made a slighting comment about a member of the fledgling union of tire factory workers who was delivering an organizing report.
After some more words Lewis punched Hutcheson, knocking him to the ground, then relit his cigar and returned to the rostrum.
The AFL's response to the challenge from the CIO was twofold: both fighting a rearguard action before the National Labor Relations Board to preserve its right to represent the skilled trades in many of the plants that the CIO was organizing, and attempting to emulate it.
Thus, within a decade of the founding of the CIO, unions that had been primarily craft unions, such as the International Association of Machinists, originally a railroad union with much of its membership in the construction industry, began to make serious efforts to organize on an industrial basis as well.
Even the Carpenters took in sawmill workers who had organized on an industrial basis, although the union continued to treat them as second-class members until they seceded to form the International Woodworkers of America in 1937.
Craft unionism has receded in many industries as a result of changes in technology, the concentration of ownership and jurisdictional conflicts between craft unions.
Craft unionism has not, however, disappeared: it is still the norm in the airline industry, survives despite much upheaval in the construction industry, and even appears, in very muted form, in some mass production industries, such as automobile manufacturing, where skilled trades employees have pressed their own agendas within the union.
However, in recent years, as the number of supermarkets, small independent grocers and petrol stations, and convenience stores stocking fresh milk has increased, many people have switched from regular home delivery to obtaining fresh milk from these other sources.
Because of the relatively small power output from its electric motor, a milk float travels fairly slowly, usually around although some have been modified to do up to .
Operators often exit their vehicle before they have completely stopped to speed up deliveries; milk floats generally have sliding doors that can be left open when moving, or may have no doors at all.
Most electric milk floats do not have seat belts, and the law in the United Kingdom only requires wearing seat belts where these are fitted in the vehicle.
While there was previously an exemption in the law meaning those making local deliveries were not required to wear a seat belt, which would in theory have included drivers and passengers in milk floats with seat belts fitted, the law was changed in 2005 to deliveries less than apart.
In August 1967, the UK Electric Vehicle Association put out a press release stating that Britain had more battery-electric vehicles on its roads than the rest of the world put together.
It is not clear what research the association had undertaken into the quantity of electric vehicles of other countries, but closer inspection disclosed that almost all of the battery driven vehicles licensed for UK road use were milk floats.
Some dairies in the UK, including Dairy Crest, have had to modernise and have replaced their electric milk floats with petrol or diesel fuel-powered vehicles to speed up deliveries and thus increase profit.
In 1940, Brush required some small electric tractor units, but as none were commercially available, they asked AE Morrison and Sons to produce a design for one.
In early 1949, they reduced the prices of their electric vehicles by around 25 per cent, in an attempt to make them more competitive with petrol vehicles.
All of their road vehicles were sold through the motor trade, in order to achieve a good standard of after-sales service.
Production of 4-wheeled battery electrics ceased in 1950, although the company continued to manufacture the 3-wheeled Brush Pony, and their range of industrial trucks.
By 1969, Brush were owned by the Hawker Siddeley group, which also owned half of Morrison-Electricars, and manufacture of Brush electric vehicles moved to the newly established Morrison factory at Tredegar.
Electricars began trading in Birmingham in 1919, and although they initially made heavy duty electric vehicles, suitable for payloads up to 6 tons, they soon diversified into smaller vehicles suitable for doorstep delivery.
In 1936, they became part of the business group Associated Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Limited (AEVM), but during the Second World War, few electric vehicles were built, due to a shortage of materials, and they ceased producing them in 1944.
Graiseley Electric Vehicles were produced in Wolverhampton by Diamond Motors Ltd, a company which previously had made motorcycles, and which bought the sidecar business from AJS when that company was liquidated in 1931.
Included in the sale was the Graiseley marque, and this was used for a range of three-wheeled battery-electric pedestrian controlled milk trucks.
In 1937 they produced a ride-on four wheeled vehicle, suitable for a payload of 8-10 cwt, and with a range of around .
Nevertheless, it was for their pedestrian controlled vehicles that they were best known, and their range included the Model 60, with a payload of 8-10 cwt, the Model 75, with a 12-15 cwt payload, and the Model 90, which could carry 22 cwt.
Because the primary focus was on the dairy industry, the model numbers represented the number of imperial gallons of milk that could be carried.
Between 1948 and 1952, the company sold a large number of Graiseley PCVs to United Dairies, and gradually diversified into stillage trucks and pallet trucks for use in factories.
The company was liquidated in 1960, but the Graiseley marque was used by Lister Graiseley in 1969 and by Gough Industrial Trucks Ltd of Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent in 1971.
Harbilt electric vehicles were initially produced by the Market Harborough Construction Company, which was formed in 1935 as a manufacturer of aircraft components.
After the end of the Second World War, they diversified, and electric vehicles were a part of their new product range.
The first vehicle produced was the 551 pedestrian controlled vehicle, which they supplied with a charger made by Partridge Wilson of Leicester, who were making their own range of Wilson battery vehicles.
As well as milk delivery, the chassis was popular in Switzerland, with some 2000 vehicles supplied to the Swiss Post Office and to Swiss hotels.
From 1956, they introduced ride-on vehicles, beginning with the model 735, and expanded the range considerably over the next few years.
At some point in the early 1970s, prior to 1974, Harbilt and Morrison-Electricars reached an agreement for a product exchange and rationalisation.
All milk floats would be built by Morrisons at their Tredegar works, while Morrison trucks would be handed over to Harbilt.
It continued to make trucks for a variety of industries, until it was bought for almost twice its share value by Fred W Davies, a Canadian who owned the Davies Magnet Group and York Trailers, in 1987.
Production moved to Corby, but the venture was short-lived, and it was sold again to M&M Electric Vehicles of Atherstone in 1989.
Lewis began building milk floats, milk carts and horse-drawn vehicles for Express Dairies in 1873, and the business became a limited company in 1899.
This was a 3-wheeled pedestrian controlled vehicle with a 3.5 cwt payload, which had a fixed speed of on level ground.
The battery drove a motor which was connected to the rear axle by reduction gearing, and this configuration gave a range of around .
They were one of the first companies to provide storage for dry goods on their vehicles, and demonstrated a type AER 4-wheeled float with a grocery box behind the cab at the 1955 Dairy Show.
Their exhibits at the 1958 Dairy Show included a standard 25 cwt milk float with a walk-through cab and a vertical steering wheel.
The company was acquired by Austin Crompton Parkinson, makers of Morrison Electricar floats, in 1961, and Morrisons continued to make two of their models, the Electruk Rider, which became the model E15, and a pedestrian controlled vehicle, which became the model DPC3.
Both Express Dairies and the London Co-operative Society had large fleets of the Electruk Rider, and continued to add to them with purchases of the E15.
All three models were fitted with a drum controller, mounted on the cab floor, which provided six steps of series-parallel control.
A safety interlock was provided, to reduce the likelihood of the motor being damaged by careless driving, and brakes manufactured by Lockhead or Girling were fitted to all four wheels.
It was also possible to swap the batteries for another fully charged set, for situations where the range required exceeded that obtainable from a single battery.
A more modern design of cab had been introduced in 1939, and as the Second World War ended, Metrovick ceased to make battery electric road vehicles, selling its designs and manufacturing rights to Brush.
It was designed by J Parker Garner, who at the time was a well-known designer, having been involved in the manufacturing of vehicles for a number of years.
In early 1938, Midland added a model B20 to their range, which was designed for a 20 cwt payload, but was otherwise very similar to the earlier model.
The vehicle on display consisted of a chassis and a van body which had been cut in half, so that visitors to the show could see both the look of the vehicle and the construction of the chassis.
By 1943, Midland Electric were producing five models, which could be fitted with various types of bodywork, including a flat-bed truck for coal deliveries.
The B12 catered for a payload of 10-12 cwt, the BA12 for 12-15 cwt, the B20 for 18-22 cwt, the B25 for 25-28 cwt, with the largest model, the B30, suitable for 30-35 cwt.
The 10-cwt model was called the Midland Vandot when it was showcased at an exhibition in 1953, organised by the Electric Vehicle Association and the South Eastern Electricity Board.
The company was listed in a 1956 directory of electric vehicle manufacturers published in Commercial Motor, but the company closed in 1957.
They were another major player in AEVM, and Electricars and Morrisons rationalised their product range, with Morrisons concentrating on the smaller vehicles suitable for milk delivery.
The Austin Motor Company bought a 50 percent share in AEVM in 1948, and the company became Austin Crompton Parkinson Electric Vehicles Ltd. Austin merged into the British Motor Corporation in 1952, which in turn merged with Leyland Motors in 1969, to become British Leyland.
In 1972, British Leyland sold their share of the business to Hawker Siddeley, better known for aircraft manufacture, and the company became Crompton Electricars Ltd.
The Board of Trade refused to allow Morrisons to move to new premises in Leicester, because of a lack of skilled labour in the area, and instead offered to build them a new factory in a development area, so the manufacturing base moved to Tredegar, south Wales, in 1968.
Morrison-Electricars ceased to be made in 1983, when Hawker Siddeley sold the business to M & M Electric Vehicles of Atherstone, Warwickshire, who subsequently adopted the Electricars name for their own vehicles.
Victor Electrics was formed in 1923 when Outram's Bakery in Southport, Merseyside, wanted to buy some electric vehicles to replace horses and carts on local deliveries, but found that both home-produced and imported vehicles were considerably more expensive than they were prepared to pay.
They started manufacturing their own electric bread vans, which looked like conventional vans, with the batteries mounted under a bonnet at the front.
They were soon making three models of bonnetted van, but in 1931, produced a forward control vehicle with a walk-through cab for the dairy industry.
An order for 1,500 vehicles followed, and a new manufacturing base was set up in Harlescott, a suburb to the north of Shrewsbury.
Four-wheeled vehicles were introduced in 1966 for payloads which exceeded 1.5 long tons, although they made eighteen 5-wheeled articulated milk floats from 1961, which could carry 2 long tons.
Wilson Electrics were made by Partridge Wilson Engineering, who were manufacturers of charging equipment for accumulators, and were based in Leicester.
Speed control was arranged by switching of the motor fields and the battery cells, so that no starting resistance was needed.
They produced several larger models, including a 20-25 cwt version of their MW vehicle, controlled by an accelerator which caused a number of relay contacts to close, at a preselected rate regulated by a fluid dashpot.
In 1939 they were offering special deals for fleets of six vehicles, which were charged using a Davenset 3-phase group charger.
In 1941, Morrison-Electricar standardised three types of body which would become the basis for thousands of milk floats built after the war to deliver goods to the recovering population.
Today, with rounds expanding in coverage to ensure profitability in the face of falling levels of patronage, the limited range and speed of electric milk floats have resulted in many being replaced by diesel-powered converted vans.
A collection of 29 milk floats and other BEVs dating from 1935 to 1982 and representing 14 different manufacturers, is kept by The Transport Museum, Wythall at their museum, and an early Brush Pony, dating from 1947 and operated by United Dairies, can be seen at the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu.
There are five battery-electric road vehicles in the collection at the Ipswich Transport Museum, including a Smiths milk float dating from 1948, which was operated by Ipswich Co-operative Society, a Smiths vegetable cart dating from 1965 and a Brush Pony van dating from 1967.
Joseph Emerson Brown (April 15, 1821 – November 30, 1894), often referred to as Joe Brown, was an attorney and politician, serving as the 42nd Governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865, the only governor to serve four terms.
He denounced Confederate President Jefferson Davis as an incipient tyrant, and challenged Confederate impressment of animals and goods to supply the troops, and slaves to work in military encampments and on the lines.
After the war, Brown joined the Republican Party for a time, and was appointed as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1865 to 1870.
Later he rejoined the Democrats, became president of the Western and Atlantic Railroad and began to amass great wealth; he was estimated to be a millionaire by 1880.
His Dade Coal Company bought other coal and iron companies, and by 1889 was known as the Georgia Mining, Manufacturing and Investment Company.
With the help of his younger brother James and his father's plow horse, Brown drove a yoke of oxen on a 125-mile trek to an academy near Anderson, South Carolina.
It was during this time that Brown took up residence in the home of local businessman and baptist minister John W. Lewis.
In 1847 he opened a law office in the county seat, and began to make the connections on which he built his fortune.
Brown joined the Democratic Party and was soon elected to the Georgia state senate in 1849 from the developing Etowah River valley.
He asked the state legislature to divert a portion of profits from the state-owned railroad, the Western & Atlantic, to help fund the schools.
The Western and Atlantic Railroad was mismanaged, and unable to produce the income Brown required to fund his public education proposal.
In 1858, Governor Brown appointed John W. Lewis, his landlord and benefactor from Brown's early days in Canton, to the position of Superintendent of the state-owned railroad.
In the three years that Lewis ran the railroad, he was able to turn the business into a money making enterprise, paying $400,000 per year into the state treasury.
Brown easily won re-election in 1859 when he defeated a young Warren Akin Sr. (who was just beginning his political career) by a margin of 60%-40%.
Though he objected most strenuously to military conscription by the Confederate government in Richmond, Brown also protested the army's impressment of goods and slave labor and was critical of Confederate tax and blockade-running policies.
It was at this time, during the re-election campaign, that Western & Atlantic Railroad Superintendent John Woods Lewis, and old friend of the governor, decided to resign from the railroad.
On April 7, 1862, months after Lewis left the railroad, Governor Brown appointed Lewis to a vacant seat in the Confederate Senate from Georgia in the 1st Confederate States Congress, 1862-1863.
Robert Toombs, former Confederate States Secretary of State, had created the vacancy when he declined his election at the Congress's opening session on February 18.
On the route from Atlanta to Savannah the left wing of Sherman's army entered the city of Milledgeville, then Georgia's state capital.
As U.S. troops closed in on the city, and with the fall of the capital imminent, Governor Brown ordered Quartermaster General Ira Roe Foster to remove the state records.
After the loss of Atlanta, Brown withdrew the state's militia from the Confederate forces to harvest crops for the state and the army.
In this role, Brown opposed efforts by a committee to revise the state constitution to establish uniform rates for freight over the multiple railroad lines in the state.
He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1880 by the state legislature, as was custom by the US constitution and state laws of the time.
Soon after his election to the Senate, Brown became the first Democratic Party official in Georgia to support public education for all children.
The Republican Reconstruction-era legislature was the first to establish public education in the state but the succeeding post-Reconstruction, white-dominated legislature abandoned it.
Brown was first elected to the United States Senate by the state legislature in 1880, taking office on May 26, 1880.
He amassed a fortune, in part through the use of convicts leased from state, county and local government in his coal mining operations in Dade County.
It was first authorized during the period of Reconstruction, under military governor and Union general Thomas H. Ruger, who issued the first convict lease in April 1868.
State prisoners who were unable to pay fines, levied as part of their conviction, faced the possibility of being leased out by the state, as convict labor.
By 1886, Dade Coal was a parent company, owning Walker Iron and Coal, Rising Fawn Iron, Chattanooga Iron, and Rogers Railroad and Ore Banks, and leasing Castle Rock Coal Company.
However, it was not established if these practices were in place at the time that Brown sold the mine, or were instituted by the mine's new owner Joel Hurt.
Yes, Governor Brown's darlings are likely to smell powder at last, and I imagine most of them will be much surprised.
They thought they had bomb proofs because the Governor stood up to even Jeff Davis and refused to send them to Virginia.
New Democratic Party leadership elections, more commonly known as leadership conventions, are the process by which the Canadian New Democratic Party elects its leader.
Before 2003, when a modified one member, one vote (OMOV) system was adopted, every biennial New Democratic Party convention, since 1961, was a leadership convention.
The earliest example of an incumbent leader being challenged from the convention floor happened in 1973 when Douglas Campbell unsuccessfully opposed David Lewis' leadership.
In 2001, Socialist Caucus member Marcel Hatch challenged Alexa McDonough from the floor of the convention; however, McDonough easily retained the leadership in the resulting vote.
When the NDP was created by the merger of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC), trade unions were allowed to directly affiliate to the party, and a system was unofficially arranged so that up to one-third of all delegates to NDP conventions were selected by labour and the other two-thirds by NDP riding associations.
Under the current system, each biennial federal convention includes a vote at which the delegates decide whether a leadership convention should be held.
In practice, all three CCF leaders had been chosen by their parliamentary caucus and then elected unanimously at a subsequent national convention.
A fourth candidate, Herschel Hardin, participated in the regional caucuses but did not win sufficient delegate support to qualify for the convention.
However, Robinson determined that he could not win on the second ballot if Nystrom's supporters moved to McDonough, as they were expected to, thus he withdrew and McDonough was declared the winner.
He was the son of Alexander Wilson (b.1758), a native of Huntly, Aberdeenshire, who came to Quebec City where he was a merchant, magistrate and later Seigneur of Granville.
Wilson's mother, Catherine-Angélique d'Ailleboust de Manthet (1781-1845), was the daughter of Nicholas d'Ailleboust des Musseaux de Manthet (1747-1826), descended from Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge, 4th Governor of New France.
He served as a City Councillor of Montreal from 1848 to 1849 and from 1850 to 1852 and Mayor of Montreal from 1851 to 1854.
In 1852, he became a member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada and, following the creation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada in the new nation's capital Ottawa as a Conservative party representative for the riding of Rigaud.
AMSAT is a name for amateur radio satellite organizations worldwide, but in particular the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT-NA) with headquarters at Kensington, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. AMSAT organizations design, build, arrange launches for, and then operate (command) satellites carrying amateur radio payloads, including the OSCAR series of satellites.
Some design modifications were needed and were made by AMSAT members, and the satellite was successfully launched on January 30, 1970, on a NASA Thor Delta launch vehicle.
Command stations in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Hungary, Morocco, New Zealand, the United States and West Germany controlled the satellite, contributing greatly to its 4½ years of service.
Further launches continued to emphasize international cooperation, with AMSAT-OSCAR 7 (AO-7) launching with a new transponder developed and built by Karl Meinzer and AMSAT Germany (AMSAT-DL).
In order to launch its satellites, AMSAT has worked with space agencies and commercial launch contractors to develop new ways to take advantage of unused areas of launch vehicles.
One of the most significant is the Ariane Structure for Auxiliary Payloads (ASAP), developed and manufactured in partnership with the European Space Agency in 1990 for use on its Ariane 4 launch vehicle.
AMSAT was again able to take advantage of unused space with the launch of AMSAT-OSCAR 40 (AO-40), occupying unused space on an Ariane 5.
The AMSAT Phase system describes an amateur satellite based upon its capabilities or mode of operation and roughly parallel the development of amateur satellites.
Most amateur satellites do not receive their sequential OSCAR designation until after they are successfully in orbit, and then only at the request of the launching organization.
Regardless, amateur satellites will have been named by the organization that constructed it, and that name is frequently prepended to its OSCAR designation, resulting a name such as CubeSat-OSCAR 57.
A unique amateur satellite was SuitSat, an obsolete Russian space suit with a transmitter in it, which was launched in 2006 from the International Space Station.
AMSAT-NA is currently building a series of 1U CubeSats to carry university experiments, including a camera, and mode U/V FM repeaters.
The first two of these satellites, Fox-1A, and Fox-1B, were launched on 8 October 2015 and 18 November 2017 respectively and are currently operational and available for use.
RadFXSat-2/Fox-1E, a variation of the Fox-1 series, carrying a mode V/U linear transponder has been accepted for a launch by the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative.
AO-95 was launched aboard Spacex's Falcon-9 SSO-A mission on 2018-12-04 and was later determined to have poor to no RF reception capability, thus preventing commissioning and putting its FM transponder mission into indefinite suspension.
Lucyan David Mech (born January 18, 1937), also known as Dave Mech, is an American wolf expert, a senior research scientist for the U.S. Department of the Interior (since 1970), currently with the Department of Interior's U.S. Geological Survey (since 1973), and an adjunct professor at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul.
He has researched wolves since 1958 in places such as Minnesota, Ellesmere Island, Canada, Italy, Alaska, Yellowstone National Park, and on Isle Royale.
The project to create the facility, which he started in 1985, was a natural outgrowth of his wolf research as well as his ambition to educate people about the nature of wolves that they may come to respect the creature through understanding.
From 1958 to 1962 Mech was a graduate student at Purdue University studying the wolves of Isle Royale in Lake Superior.
Mech said that his research on the wolves at Ellesmere Island was different because it is one of the few places where the wolves are not afraid of people, making that experience one of the best in his life.
This project in 1986 when photographer Jim Brandenburg told him of white wolves he had seen on Ellesmere Island during an assignment for National Geographic.
An avid mushroom hunter and fur trapper, Mech has continued to support fishing, hunting, and trapping, which has led to criticism from animal protectionists.
He believes that states can manage wolves sustainably, and that states where the wolf is no longer on the endangered list should determine how wolves should be managed in their state.
The International Wolf Center lists approximately 140 articles written by Mech published during the period of 1987 to the present, primarily in scientific journals.
Some versions of the packaging do not show the full frame on the cover, but only a crop of Morrissey's face, cropping out the machine gun.
In response to wolf controversies, the Wolf Center does not take a stand on how wolves should be managed (such as by hunting or trapping), as long as healthy wolf populations are maintained.
Founded in 1985 by a group of biologists led by wolf biologist Dr. L. David Mech, the International Wolf Center opened in June 1993.
The Wolf Center is housed in a facility in Ely, Minnesota and features gray wolves viewable through large windows that allow visitors to watch the wolves communicate, hunt, eat and play.
Visitors have the opportunity to view a enclosure and den site that is home for the Exhibit Pack which includes Denali, a Northwestern wolf; Boltz, an Eastern wolf; and two arctic wolves, Axel and Grayson.
In addition to the onsite wolves, the Center offers various educational programs at its Ely interpretive facility as well as wolf hot spots in northern Minnesota.
Afternoon, weekend and week-long programs include howling trips, snowshoe treks, radio tracking, family activities, dog sledding, videos, presentations, demonstrations and hikes.
WolfQuest is an educational computer game that is intended to teach children and teens about the life of a wild wolf in Yellowstone National Park.
The son of Lt Col Bill Carling and his first wife, Will Carling attended Terra Nova School in Cheshire and then Winder House, Sedbergh School, on an army scholarship.
During his time he led England to back-to-back Five Nations Grand Slam victories (1991, 1992) and another Grand Slam in 1995, scoring six tries from outside centre in the Championship, and several more in other matches.
While regarded as a less complete player than his centre partner, Jeremy Guscott, Carling and his team went on to the final of the 1991 Rugby World Cup.
Carling offered the explanation that it was due to a previous defeat by Australia where England had been beaten up front.
Despite this, under Carling England started to challenge and beat the established rugby union powers such as New Zealand and Australia, and their success helped to make rugby union a more popular sport in England.
English victories over New Zealand and South Africa in 1993 were perhaps the peak of England's performance under Carling, although for the rest of the year and the next one, England reverted to stereotype, and underachieved somewhat.
He underachieved on that tour, a pattern attributed by coach Ian McGeechan and manager Geoff Cooke as at least partly due to his failing to secure the captaincy (this instead going to Gavin Hastings of Scotland) but also due in large part to the ascendency in the centre of both Guscott and Scott Gibbs of Wales.
McGeechan and Cooke disclosed that Carling came close to voluntarily withdrawing from the squad; he did however recover his test place and played a notable role in the Third test.
Nonetheless, McGeechan commented in his autobiography that Carling's failure to rise to the occasion as a Lion (in contrast to Guscott) may be seen by some as the difference between his legacy as a good player and a great player.
Also in 1993 he became the second England captain after John Pullin to lead the team to victories over , and , after beating the All Blacks 15–9.
The incident had been provoked by administrator Dudley Wood's comments about England players' alleged desire to cheat by breaking the amateur ethic.
He was however quickly reinstated due to public pressure and following a public apology was able to go to the 1995 Rugby World Cup.
There England, after a slow start against the minnows, quickly found form, won all their group games and gained their revenge over Australia by knocking them out in the quarter final 25-22, thanks to a last-minute drop-goal from Rob Andrew.
Although Carling himself scored two tries towards the end of that game, and set up two more for Rory Underwood, England lost 45-29.
The subsequent loss in the third place play-off, against France, was England's first loss to the French in seven years, but was largely treated as an irrelevance.
Following his resignation from the England captaincy he continued to be selected as an outside centre, usually with Guscott or Phil de Glanville.
George Gregan, an Australian player, equalled Carling's then world record 59 matches as captain in the 2007 Rugby World Cup against Fiji and in the 2009 Tri Nations Series Springbok John Smit equalled and then beat his record in tests between New Zealand in Bloemfontein and Durban respectively.
Prior to their divorce, he was romantically linked by some members of the press with Diana, Princess of Wales, the then-wife of Prince Charles.
Carling, whose mother was diagnosed with breast cancer when he was an infant and later died from the disease, is a patron of the charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer.
Nimā Yushij () (11 November 1897 – 4 January 1960), also called Nimā (), born Ali Esfandiāri (), was a contemporary Persian poet.
He died of pneumonia in Shemiran, in the northern part of Tehran and was buried in his native village of Yush, Nur County, Mazandaran, as he had willed.
Images of life around the campfire, especially those emerging from the shepherds' simple and entertaining stories about village and tribal conflicts, impressed him greatly.
He was a truant student and the mullah (teacher) often had to seek him out in the streets, drag him to school, and punish him.
In addition, both these lifestyles differed greatly from the description of the lifestyle about which he read in his books or listened to in class.
In other words, even though Nima continued to write poetry in the tradition of Saadi and Hafez for quite some time his expression was being affected gradually and steadily.
Consequently, Nima began to replace the familiar devices that he felt were impeding the free flow of ideas with innovative, even though less familiar devices that enhanced a free flow of concepts.
Furthermore, he emphasized current issues, especially nuances of oppression and suffering, at the expense of the beloved's moon face or the ever-growing conflict between the lovers, the beloved, and the rival.
In other words, Nima realized that while some readers were enthused by the charms of the lover and the coquettish ways of the beloved, the majority preferred heroes with whom they could identify.
Nima actually wrote quite a few poems in the traditional Persian poetry style and as critiqued by Abdolali Dastgheib, showed his ability well.
His use of symbols was different from the masters in that he based the structural integrity of his creations on the steady development of the symbols incorporated.
In this sense, Nima's poetry could be read as a dialogue among two or three symbolic references building up into a cohesive semantic unit.
In the early years when the presses were controlled by the powers that be, Nima's poetry, deemed below the established norm, was not allowed publication.
Ahmad Zia Hashtroudy and Abul Ghasem Janati Atayi are among the first scholars to have worked on Nima's life and works.
Eight Crazy Nights (also known as Adam Sandler's Eight Crazy Nights) is a 2002 American adult animated musical comedy-drama Christmas and Hanukkah film directed by Seth Kearsley and produced, co-written by, and starring Adam Sandler in his first voice-acting role.
The film is animated in the style of television holiday specials and, unlike most mainstream holiday films, centers on Jewish characters during the Hanukkah season, as opposed to the Christian celebration of Christmas.
The film has received a cult following, especially among those in the Jewish community, as it is one of the highest-profile and most-known Hanukkah films.
In the small town of Dukesberry, New Hampshire, Davey Stone is a 33-year-old Jewish alcoholic troublemaker with a long criminal record, whose antics have long earned him the community's animosity.
Under the terms of the community service, if Davey commits a crime before his sentence is completed, he will serve 10 years in prison.
After Davey causes disruptions and torments an obese player for his Gynecomastia, Whitey suffers a grand mal seizure, and the game is abruptly halted.
Attempting to calm Davey down, Whitey takes him to the mall, where they meet Davey's childhood friend Jennifer Friedman and her son Benjamin.
Whitey's various attempts to encourage Davey are met with humiliation and assault--including but not limited to Davey knocking Whitey into a porta-potty then spraying him with a hose when he climbs out, causing him to be frozen in defecation for several hours before a group of grazing reindeer licks him out.
Davey runs into the burning trailer to rescue a Hanukkah card from his late parents, then watches the trailer burn down.
But Davey's progress in reforming stops short when Whitey recalls what happened two decades ago: En route to one of Davey's basketball games, his parents were killed in a car accident when a truck skidded on black ice and swerved into them, and Davey learned of their deaths when the police showed up at the end of his game to inform him.
Devastated by the loss of his loving parents and leaping from foster home to foster home, Davey spent the next 20 years numbing his pain with alcohol and petty crime.
Uncomfortable with this reminder of his tragic, painful childhood, Davey loses his temper and insults both Whitey and Eleanore and Whitey kicks Davey out, much to Davey's relief.
He finally opens his parents' Hanukkah card, which contains a heartfelt message praising him for being a good son, and two photos: one of a young Davey and Jennifer at one of their basketball games, and one with his late parents.
When Whitey is passed over for seemingly the final time, he decides to move to Florida and live the rest of his life in anonymity.
It only grossed a total of $23.6 million in North America and negligible foreign box office receipts, for a total of only $23.8 million worldwide.
He is considered to be one of the five most famous Iranian poets who have practiced modern poetry alongside Nima Youshij, Ahmad Shamlou, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and Forough Farrokhzad.
He completed his elementary and secondary education in Kashan and moved to Tehran in 1943 to study at teachers' college (Persian: دانشسرای مقدماتی).
He worked as a teacher for a few years, then enrolled as a student in the faculty of fine arts school at University of Tehran (Persian: دانشکده هنرهای زیبا) and graduated with the honors.
Well-versed in Buddhism, mysticism and Western traditions, he blended the Eastern concepts with Western techniques, thereby creating a kind of poetry unsurpassed in the history of Persian literature.
In one of his works called 'Footsteps of Water' or ‘The Water’s Footfall’, Sepehri introduces himself, his family and his way of thinking in a poetic form.
Abdolali Dastgheib, acclaimed literary critic writer, believes that Sepehri has reached great levels in poetic language following the publication of his later books such as ‘The Water’s Footfall’, ‘Traveler’ and ‘The Green Volume’.
He has used a special symbolism in these poems that makes the objects talk to the reader, rather than explaining those objects.
In fact, Abdolali Dastgheib, Iranian literary critic, argues that Shamlou is one of the pioneers of modern Farsi poetry and has had the greatest influence, after Nima, on Iranian poets of his era.
As the base, he uses the traditional imagery familiar to his Iranian audience through the works of Persian masters like Hafiz and Omar Khayyám.
For infrastructure and impact, he uses a kind of everyday imagery in which personified oxymoronic elements are spiked with an unreal combination of the abstract and the concrete thus far unprecedented in Persian poetry, which distressed some of the admirers of more traditional poetry.
In the manner of many children who grow up in families with military parents, he received his early education in various towns, including Khash and Zahedan in the southeast of Iran, and Mashhad in the northeast, and Rasht in the north.
Shamlou's childhood and adolescent were neither privileged nor easy and home was not an environment that could foster his sensitivities and he often found solace in solitude.
He intended to attend the German-established Tehran Technical School, one of the best secondary schools of that period and learn the German language.
At age 29, following the fall of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, Shamlou was arrested for being a member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran and imprisoned for more than one year.
His new translation of Erskine Caldwell was published, and he participated in the formation of the Union of Iranian Writers and gave several poetry readings at Iranian universities.
Shamlou connects his poem to the collective consciousness of the whole world, presenting characters of the hero and even the social scapegoat rather in a curious way as we read about the case of a man who sacrifices himself for land and love and, yet, who is betrayed by others due to their ignorance and biases.
He left Iran in protest of the Shah's regime and stayed in the United States for a year, giving lectures in American universities.
1978 was a very active year in his life, and he published many poems and translations, as well as giving numerous lectures and readings.
In 1947, he married Ashraf Isslamiya (d. 1978) and together they had three sons and a daughter: Siavash Shamlou, (1948–2009), Sirous Shamlou, Saman Shamlou, Saghi Shamlou.
His second marriage to Tusi Hayeri Mazandarani (d. 1992) who was fourteen years older than Shamlou, ended in divorce in 1963 after four years of marriage.
He died on Sunday, July 23, 2000, at 9 p.m. at his home in Dehkadeh in Karaj due to complications from his diabetes.
The Spanish poet, Federico García Lorca, the African American poet Langston Hughes, the French thinker and writer, Louis Aragon, and Nima Youshij are among the figures who influenced him.
One of the disciple of Nima Youshij, Shamlou, standing among the generation who adopted his techniques, constantly sought untried ways, new poetic realms.
He quickly became the flag bearer of young Iranian poets and writers that included Forough Farrokhzad, Sohrab Sepehri, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Yadollah Roya’i, Nosrat Rahmani, and Nader Naderpour.
Shamlou's poems are filled with mythological concepts and symbols to glorify seemingly simple and ordinary figures who are politically condemned for their revolutionary beliefs that, regardless of governmental suppression, actually reflect the activists’ deep love of their nation and people.
Even though his focus is the purity of such individuals, many of whom were his close friends, Shamlou writes his elegiac poems boldly and does not hold back from criticizing and denouncing hypocrisy and cruelty of his society.
Shamlou was a Marxist and a socially minded intellectual who has woven personal love and affection together with his social attitudes.
During his long life, Shamlou was politically active and imprisoned twice, first after the end of World War II and then after the 1953 coup, but he continued to remain socio-politically active by writing poems devoted to political and social critique even after the Iranian Revolution.
In 1977, one year before the collapse of Shah's Regime, he signed an open letter which supported the rights of gathering for members of The Writers Association of Iran.
However, with a view to his popularity, the ruling clerics could not arrest him, but at the same time didn't allow publication of his works for many years.
As a vertically integrated company, Luxottica designs, manufactures, distributes and retails its eyewear brands, including LensCrafters, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Target Optical, Eyemed vision care plan, and Glasses.com.
Luxottica also makes sunglasses and prescription frames for designer brands such as Chanel, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Burberry, Versace, Dolce and Gabbana, Miu Miu and Tory Burch.
Leonardo Del Vecchio started the company in 1961, in Agordo north of Belluno, Italy; today the company is headquartered in Milan.
Del Vecchio began his career as the apprentice to a tool and die maker in Milan, but decided to turn his metalworking skills to making spectacle parts.
So in 1961, he moved to Agordo in the province of Belluno, which is home to most of the Italian eyewear industry.
In 1967, he started selling complete eyeglass frames under the Luxottica brand, which proved successful enough that by 1971 he ended the contract manufacturing business.
In 1981, the company set up its first international subsidiary, in Germany, the first in a rapid period of international expansion.
The company listed in New York in 1990, and in Milan in December 2000, joining the MIB-30 (now FTSE MIB) index in September 2003.
The listing raised money for the company and allowed it to use its shares to acquire other brands, starting with Italian brand Vogue Eyewear in 1990, Persol and the United States Shoe Corporation (LensCrafters) in 1995, Ray-Ban in 1999 and Sunglass Hut, Inc. in 2001.
Luxottica later increased its presence in the retail sector by acquiring Sydney-based OPSM in 2003, Pearle Vision and Cole National in 2004.
Oakley had tried to dispute their prices because of Luxottica's large marketshare, and Luxottica responded by dropping Oakley from their stores, causing their stock price to drop, followed by Luxottica's hostile take over of the company.
In March 2014, it was announced that Luxottica would partner with Google on the development of Google Glass and its integration into Luxottica's eyewear.
On 1 September 2014, a new organizational structure was announced, composed of two co-CEOs, one focusing on market development and the other overseeing corporate functions.
After the exit of former CEO Andrea Guerra, Enrico Cavatorta was appointed CEO of Corporate Function and Interim CEO of Market (until new and permanent appointment to this role).
In 2016, it was reported that Luxottica had lost its third chief executive in a year and a half as Adil Mehboob-Khan stepped down a year after he replaced Cavatorta.
These brands are sold in the company's own shops, as well as to independent distributors such as department stores, duty-free shops, and opticians.
Luxottica Retail has approximately 9,000 retail locations in the United States, Latin America, Canada, China, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and United Arab Emirates.
With its merger with Essilor in 2018 the company owns Coastal/Clearly, an online contacts and glasses retail giant bought in 2014 that ships to over 200 countries beside its original North American market.
Luxottica owns not only a large portfolio of brands (over a dozen) such as Ray-Ban and Oakley but also retailers such as Sunglass Hut and Oliver Peoples, the optical departments at Target and Sears, as well as key eye insurance groups including the second largest glasses insurance firm in the US.
It has been accused of operating a complete monopoly on the optical industry and overcharging for its products; for example, temporarily dropping competitor Oakley from its frame design list, then, when the company stock crashed, purchasing the company, then increasing the prices of its Ray-Ban sunglasses.
In addition, it has been argued that, by owning the vision insurance company EyeMed, it also controls part of the buyers' market as well.
The company has said that the market is highly competitive, and that their frames account for ~10% of sales worldwide and ~20% in the United States.
Euromonitor International estimated that Luxottica's market share was 14% worldwide, with the second-largest company in the industry, Essilor, holding a 13% market share.
In October 2018, Luxottica and Essilor merged into a single company, EssilorLuxottica, which now occupies nearly 30% of the global market share and represents almost a billion pairs of lenses and frames sold annually.
Also starring are Cheryl Hines as his wife, Cheryl; Jeff Garlin as his manager, Jeff; and Susie Essman as Jeff's wife, Susie.
He is accused of having an adultery-implying erection because of his extremely baggy trousers that bunch up when he sits down; feuding with a shoe salesman; getting blamed for a newspaper typo after submitting an obituary for Cheryl's aunt; reacting offensively to drinking from his friend's mother's glass; and unintentionally causing someone to believe that his uncle is an incestuous pedophile.
Although this season has no major plot line, there is a small plot of Larry trying to obtain a bracelet to give to Cheryl and another small two-episode plot involving Larry and Cheryl trying to have a wire that runs through their backyard removed.
Larry pitches the idea to various networks, but eventually ends up alienating or offending everyone he makes a deal with, and anyone else attached to the project.
A few sub-plots involve Larry being cast in a Martin Scorsese movie, an on again, off again feud with Stu and Susan Braudy and Larry getting a pubic hair stuck in his throat.
Purely out of paranoid guilt, Larry offers one of his own to Richard if Richard cannot find a suitable donor in time.
Larry explores the possibility that he may have been adopted, because of a potentially misunderstood word his father said (and no longer remembers) while in the hospital—Larry hires a private investigator (Mekhi Phifer) to look into it.
A distracted phone call between Larry and Cheryl causes her to re-evaluate their marriage dynamic and they separate; Larry thus returns to the dating scene.
In order to avoid a charity gig, he goes with Jeff and Susie on a three-month trip to New York City, where he soon reunites with Leon.
Mohammad-Taqí Bahār was born on 10 December 1886 in the Sarshoor District of Mashhad, the capital city of the Khorasan Province in the north-east of Iran.
His mother's forebears were Georgian notables who had been captured by the troops of Abbas Mirza during the Russo-Iranian Wars and were taken to mainland Iran, where they eventually converted to Islam.
It has been said that Bahār knew by heart a very good portion of the Koran at a very early age.
It is known that Bahār chose this pen name after Bahār Shirvāni, a poet and close friend of his father's, after Shirvāni's death.
At the onset of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran (1906–1911), Bahār laid down his position of Poet Laureateship and joined the revolutionary movement for establishing the parliamentary system of democracy in Iran.
Bahār published numerous articles in his newspapers in which he passionately exhorted his readers to stand up and help bring about the establishment of a functioning Parliament.
He equally forcefully advocated creation of new and reformed public institutions, a new social and political order and of new forms of expression.
In 1918, when Ahmad Shah Qajar, the seventh and the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty, was in power, Bahār reinvented himself: he ceased all his clerical activities and became an entirely new man.
In fact, this magazine became Bahār's vehicle for publication of the results of his literary researches and introduction of Western Literature to Iranians.
Following establishment of Tehran University in 1934 (during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi), Bahār became Professor of Persian Literature at the Faculty of Literature of this University.
In the course of his tenure as Professor, he dedicated most of his time to writing and editing books on Persian Literature and History.
In 1945, during Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's reign, Bahār served for a short period as the Minister of Culture and Education in the Cabinet of the then Prime Minister Ahmad Ghavam (aka Ghavam o-Saltaneh).
Many scholars have strongly emphasized and documented that Bahār's style of writing and the beauty of his poetry, in addition to his deep passion for Iran and his persistent opposition to fanaticism, have indeed made him one of the greatest cultural icons of modern Iran.
Although he worked for some period of time as a clergyman and preacher, his first and foremost passion had always been writing, especially of poetry, as well as carrying out historical researches and teaching.
One may argue that, to varying degrees, almost all the early advocates of modernism in Persian Poetry and Literature found their inspirations in the new developments and changes that had taken place in Western literature.
Nonetheless, such inspirations would not have easily resulted in changes without the efforts and support of such figures as Bahār, whose literary contributions were, and remain consonant with Iranian culture.
Bahār's Official Website has made a selection of Bahār's poetry available to the general public, which the interested reader may wish to consult.
The Chained White Beast is a poem by Bahar, in which he praises Damavand, the highest mountain in Iran, and presents it as a symbol of patriotism.
The poem is written in 1922, at the height of the reign of Reza Shah, the tyrant and modernist king of Iran.
While Reza Shah was trying to limit the power of other institutions, such as parliament and religious system of clergies, the opportunity has come for the nationalists to take the floor and criticize the regime.
Bahar's symbolism for provoking patriotic upheavals is a reflection of the growth for notion of nationalism which had been introduced to Iranians only few decades before.
In this passage, Bahar describes Damavand as a beast, and asks it to rise and wipe out the injustice, and let the real Iran flourish.
He has been associated with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) for six decades as a player, coach and broadcaster.
He has since spent over thirty years as the color commentator for the Celtics' local broadcasts alongside play-by-play commentator Mike Gorman.
Heinsohn is the only person to have the distinction of being involved in an official team capacity in each of the Celtics' 17 championships, as well as each of their 21 NBA Finals appearances.
He accepted a scholarship to Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts and became the school's all-time leading scorer with 1,789 points, an average of 22.1 points per game.
In his first season, Heinsohn played in an NBA All-Star Game, was named the NBA Rookie of the Year over teammate Bill Russell, and won his first championship ring.
He was part of a Celtics squad that won eight NBA titles in nine years, including seven in a row between 1959 and 1965.
He was the association's second president (following founding president Bob Cousy), and was instrumental in the league's acceptance of free agency following a showdown at the All-Star game in 1964, in which the All-Star players, led by Heinsohn, threatened to strike.
He led the team to a league best 68–14 record during the 1972–73 season and was named Coach of the Year, although Boston was upset in the playoffs.
On February 14, 2015, it was announced that Heinsohn would be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame for a second time as a coaching inductee.
He is one of five members of the class of 2015 who were directly elected and is just one of four people to be inducted as both a player and coach.
In 1981, Heinsohn joined Mike Gorman as color commentator in the Celtics' television broadcasts; they have since become one of the longest-tenured tandems in sports broadcasting history.
For a time in the 1980s, Heinsohn was in the same capacity during CBS's playoff coverage of the NBA (with Dick Stockton), calling four Finals from 1984 to 1987, three of which involved the Boston Celtics against the Los Angeles Lakers.
During broadcasts he is known for his sense of humor and indignantly questioning game officials when calls against the Celtics appear to be made in error.
Brian Scalabrine, the Celtics' studio analyst, has filled in for Heinsohn during his rare absences at home games and now has taken over for Heinsohn on all road games.
He started to take on this role during the 2012–13 NBA season, and during the 2014–2015 NBA season became full-time on road games.
Catherine Lisa Bell was born on 14 August 1968 in London to a Scottish father, Peter Bell, and an Iranian mother, Mina Ezzati.
She also worked as a massage therapist for 8 years at the Peninsula Hotel, and her clients included singer Peter Gabriel.
NBC canceled the show after which it was picked up by CBS, which restructured the series, incorporating a female Marine Corps lawyer character, Sarah MacKenzie.
Production began on the film in March 2017, with Vancouver as the filming location, and 9 July 2017 as the date for the film's premiere on the Hallmark Channel.
However, Bell's prediction occurred after the NFC and AFC championship games had already been completed, so she did not predict the teams that would be participating, only the final score.
In 2014, Bell paid $2.05 million for a recently remodeled, , single-story ranch house on a lot in the gated Hidden Hills community in the western suburbs of Los Angeles.
In December 2005, Bell helped promote the gala opening of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (a Scientology supported group), .
The film includes cameo performances by Isaac Hayes, Erika Christensen, Jenna Elfman and Lynsey Bartilson and promotes human rights with a rap song.
The nationalists, identified as Lolita Lebrón, Rafael Cancel Miranda, Andres Figueroa Cordero, and Irvin Flores Rodríguez, unfurled a Puerto Rican flag and began shooting at Representatives in the 83rd Congress, who were debating an immigration bill.
While the Nationalists and other political parties supported independence, some political parties supported autonomy for the island within a formal relationship with the United States.
During this period of unrest, the electorate increasingly voted for the People's Democratic Party (PPD), which by 1940 controlled a majority in the legislature.
The people could elect their own governor, who was of the PPD; a bicameral legislature was established, and executive functions similar to those of American states were developed.
The Nationalist president, Pedro Albizu Campos, ordered armed uprisings on October 30, 1950, in several towns, including Peñuelas, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo and Ponce.
The revolts resulted in many casualties: of the 28 dead, 16 were Nationalists, 7 were police officers, 1 a National Guardsman, and 4 were uninvolved civilians.
Two Puerto Rican Nationalists, who were living in New York City at the time, planned to assassinate the US President, Harry S. Truman.
On November 1, 1950, they attacked police and Secret Service to gain access to Blair House in Washington, D.C., where Truman was staying during major renovations of the White House.
Acknowledging the importance of the question of Puerto Rico's status, Truman supported a plebiscite in Puerto Rico in 1952 offering a choice between continued direct rule as a colony and limited autonomy.
While nearly 82% of those voting approved the new constitution and Free Associated State, or Commonwealth, independence was not an option on the ballot and most Nationalists boycotted the election.
In the early 1950s, Don Pedro Albizu Campos, president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, had been corresponding from his prison with 34-year-old Lolita Lebrón.
In 1954, a group of Nationalists, which included Lebrón, Rafael Cancel Miranda, Irvin Flores and Andrés Figueroa Cordero, decided to focus the world's attention on Puerto Rico's status, which they considered as a colony of the U.S.
Lebrón concluded that a single attack on the House of Representatives had a greater prospect for success than trying to attack multiple targets.
On the morning of March 1, Lebrón traveled to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan, where she rendezvoused with the rest of the group.
When Lebrón's group reached the visitor's gallery above the House chamber, they sat while the representatives discussed the Mexican economy and issues of immigration.
The wounded lawmakers were Alvin M. Bentley (R-Michigan), who took a bullet to the chest, Clifford Davis (D-Tennessee), who was shot in the leg, Ben F. Jensen (R-Iowa), who was shot in the back, as well as George Hyde Fallon (D-Maryland) and Kenneth A. Roberts (D-Alabama).
The next morning in Puerto Rico, the Insular Police raided the home of Pedro Albizu Campos, president of the Nationalist Party, with guns and tear gas.
Under the command of the Chief of Police of Puerto Rico, Salvador T. Roig, they fired into Campos' home from the roof of a Pentecostal Church and from a boarding house which faced the home.
Albizu Campos's phones were tapped, his mail was being intercepted, and Albizu was under 24-hour surveillance by the FBI, the CIA and the Insular Police.
The Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Muñoz Marín, revoked Albizu's pardon, and had the political leader returned to La Princesa prison, from which he had been released only six months before.
Two years later, on March 25, 1956, Albizu Campos suffered an embolism and a stroke while in prison, leaving him semi-paralyzed and mute.
He was not released from U.S. federal custody for another nine years, shortly before his death, which occurred on April 21, 1965.
On June 16, 1954, the jury declared the four guilty, except that Lebrón was acquitted of assault with the intent to kill and instead convicted of the lesser offense of assault with a deadly weapon.
The prosecutor demanded the death penalty but Judge Holtzoff decided maximum consecutive prison terms: 75 years' imprisonment for each of the men, and 50 years for Lebrón.
On July 13, 1954, the four defendants were taken to New York, where they appeared before federal Judge Lawrence E. Walsh of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, to face related charges, with additional co-defendants, of seditious conspiracy.
Judge Walsh sentenced them to six additional years in prison, except that Cancel Miranda, considered to be the primary shooter, received a total prison sentence of 85 years.
The four were sent to different prisons: Figueroa Cordero to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta; Lebrón to the women's prison in Alderson, West Virginia; and Flores Rodriguez to Leavenworth, Kansas, where Oscar Collazo was incarcerated following his involvement in the attempted assassination of President Harry S Truman in 1950.
Some analysts said this was in exchange for Fidel Castro's release of several American CIA agents being held in Cuba on espionage charges, but the US said that was not the case.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is a United States environmental law that promotes the enhancement of the environment and established the President's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).
NEPA's most significant outcome was the requirement that all executive Federal agencies prepare environmental assessments (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs).
However, a Federal agency taking action under authority ordered by the President may be a final agency action subject to NEPA's procedural requirements.
The relevant information provided by a NEPA analysis needs to be available to the public and the people who play a role in the decision-making process.
NEPA grew out of the increased public appreciation and concern for the environment that developed during the 1960s, amid increased industrialization, urban and suburban growth, and pollution across the United States.
The public outrage in reaction to the Santa Barbara oil spill in early 1969 occurred just as the NEPA legislation was being drafted in Congress.
Another major driver for enacting NEPA were the 1960s highway revolts, a series of protests in many American cities that occurred in response to the bulldozing of many communities and ecosystems during the construction of the Interstate Highway System.
Following nearly a century of rapid economic expansion, population growth, industrialization, and urbanization, it had become clear by the late 1960s that American progress had an environmental cost.
A congressional investigation into the matter yielded myriad evidence indicating a gross mismanagement of the country's environment and resources, most notably at the hands of the federal government.
Since its passage, NEPA has been applied to any major project, whether on a federal, state, or local level, that involves federal funding, work performed by the federal government, or permits issued by a federal agency.
Court decisions have expanded the requirement for NEPA-related environmental studies to include actions where permits issued by a federal agency are required regardless of whether federal funds are spent to implement the action, to include actions that are entirely funded and managed by private-sector entities where a federal permit is required.
This legal interpretation is based on the rationale that obtaining a permit from a federal agency requires one or more federal employees (or contractors in some instances) to process and approve a permit application, inherently resulting in federal funds being expended to support the proposed action, even if no federal funds are directly allocated to finance the particular action.
To declare national policy which will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment; to promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man; to enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and natural resources important to the Nation; and to establish a Council on Environmental Quality.
NEPA contains three sections: the first section outlines national environmental policies and goals; the second establishes provisions for federal agencies to enforce such policies and goals; and the third establishes the CEQ in the Executive Office of the President.
The purpose of NEPA is to ensure that environmental factors are weighted equally when compared to other factors in the decision making process undertaken by federal agencies and to establish a national environmental policy.
The act also promotes the CEQ to advise the President in the preparation of an annual report on the progress of federal agencies in implementing NEPA.
NEPA establishes this national environmental policy by requiring federal agencies to prepare an environmental impact statement to accompany reports and recommendations for Congressional funding.
NEPA is an action-forcing piece of legislation, meaning the act itself does not carry any criminal or civil sanctions, and therefore, all enforcement of NEPA must occur through the court system.
In practice, a project is required to meet NEPA guidelines when a federal agency provides any portion of financing for the project.
However, review of a project by a federal employee can be viewed as a federal action, and in such a case, it requires NEPA-compliant analysis performance.
NEPA covers a vast array of federal agency actions, but the act does not apply to state action where there is a complete absence of federal influence or funding.
Such laws can include but are not limited to the Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
If it is determined that the proposed action is covered under NEPA, there are three levels of analysis that a federal agency must undertake to comply with the law.
These three levels include the preparation of a Categorical Exclusion (CatEx); an environmental assessment (EA); and either a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), or, alternatively, the preparation and drafting of an environmental impact statement (EIS).
The agency shall involve environment al agencies, applicants, and the public, to the extent practicable, in preparing assessments required by § 1508.9(a)(1).
(e) Prepare a finding of no significant impact (§ 1508.13), if the agency determines on the basis of the environmental assessment not to prepare a statement.
§ 771.115(a) Class I actions such as a new controlled access freeway or a highway project of four or more lanes on a new location significantly affect the environment and therefore require an Environmental Impact Statement.
§ 771.115(b) and § 771.117(c) Class II actions such as construction of bicycle and pedestrian lanes, planning, noise barriers, and landscaping normally do not individually or cumulatively have a significant environmental effect and therefore may be categorically exempt unless there are unusual circumstances as provided in 23 C.F.R.
§ 771.117(c) all other actions are Class III actions requiring the preparation of an Environmental Assessment to determine the appropriate environmental document required.
A Categorical Exclusion (CatEx) is a list of actions an agency has determined do not individually or cumulatively significantly affect the quality of the human environment (40 C.F.R.
If a proposed action is included in an agency's CatEx, the agency must make sure that no extraordinary circumstances might cause the proposed action to affect the environment.
Actions similar to the proposed one may have been found to be environmentally neutral in previous EAs and their implementation, and so an agency may amend their implementing regulations to include the action as a CatEx.
An agency cannot rely on a CatEx prepared by a different agency to support a decision not to prepare an EA or EIS for a planned action; however, it may draw from another agency's experience with a comparable CatEx in seeking to substantiate a CatEx of its own.
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) created Categorical Exclusions to reduce paperwork (40 CFR § 1500.4(p)) and reduce delay (40 CFR § 1500.5(k)) so agencies can better concentrate on actions that do have significant effects on the human environment.
The CEQ 2010 guidance emphasizes that Categorical Exclusions must capture the entire proposed action and not be used for a segment or an interdependent part of a larger proposed action.
Streamlining the NEPA process with categorical exclusions have been criticized, for example allowing BP's exploration plan that resulted in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to use a categorical exclusion instead of requiring an Environmental Impact Statement.
EAs are concise public documents that include the need for a proposal, a list of alternatives, and a list of agencies and persons consulted in the proposal's drafting.
The purpose of an EA is to determine the significance of the proposal's environmental outcomes and to look at alternatives of achieving the agency's objectives.
An EA is supposed to provide sufficient evidence and analysis for determining whether to prepare an EIS, aid an agency's compliance with NEPA when no EIS is necessary, and it facilitates preparing an EIS when one is necessary.
Most agency procedures do not require public involvement prior to finalizing an EA document; however, agencies advise that a public comment period is considered at the draft EA stage.
EAs need to be of sufficient length to ensure that the underlying decision to prepare an EIS is legitimate, but they should not attempt to substitute an EIS.
If no substantial effects on the environment are found after investigation and the drafting of an EA, the agency must produce a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI).
This document explains why an action will not have a significant effect on the human environment and includes the EA or a summary of the EA that supports the FONSI determination.
If it is determined that a proposed federal action does not fall within a designated CatEx or does not qualify for a FONSI, then the responsible agency must prepare an EIS.
The purpose of an EIS is to help public officials make informed decisions based on the relevant environmental consequences and the alternatives available.
An EIS is required to describe the environmental impacts of the proposed action, any adverse environmental impacts that cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, the reasonable alternatives to the proposed action, the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment along with the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources that would be involved in the proposed action.
This may happen if the agency believes that the action will have a significant impact on the human or natural environment or if the action is considered an environmentally controversial issue.
The responsible decision-maker is required to review the final EIS before reaching a final decision regarding the course of action to be taken.
A person suffering legal wrong because of agency action, or adversely affected or aggrieved by agency action within the meaning of a relevant statute, is entitled to judicial review thereof.
§ 706 the U.S. Congress provides for courts to make equitable remedies such as an injunction to compel agency action withheld or to set aside agency actions that are arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.
Where one of the several issues presented becomes moot, the remaining live issues supply the constitutional requirement of a case or controversy.
See United Public Workers v. Mitchell, 330 U. S. 75, 86-94 (1947); 6A J. Moore, Federal Practice ¶ 57.13 (2d ed.
1972) page 1331) courts considered projects were beyond the reach of the courts (moot) if that project had progressed to where the costs of altering the project would outweigh benefits.
Nevertheless, by 1981 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals recognized some projects might proceed with construction in an attempt to evade the requirements of NEPA.
The building of the towers has not made the case hypothetical or abstract — the towers still cross the fields of the Landowners, continually obstructing their irrigation systems — and this Court has the power to decide if they may stay or if they may have to be removed.
If the fact that the towers are built and operating were enough to make the case nonjusticiable, as the dissent states, then the BPA (and all similar entities) could merely ignore the requirements of NEPA, build its structures before a case gets to court, and then hide behind the mootness doctrine.
Thus, courts have the equitable power to prevent those who use bad faith construction to evade U.S. Congress policies such as NEPA.
If stopping construction is the only request for relief in a NEPA complaint then logically construction cannot be stopped after completion.
Thus, when a decision to which NEPA obligations attach is made without the informed environmental consideration that NEPA requires, the harm that NEPA intends to prevent has been suffered.
* * * the harm at stake is a harm to the environment, but the harm consists of the added risk to the environment that takes place when governmental decisionmakers make up their minds without having before them an analysis (with prior public comment) of the likely effects of their decision upon the environment.
The way that harm arises may well have to do with the psychology of decisionmakers, and perhaps a more deeply rooted human psychological instinct not to tear down projects once they are built.
But the risk implied by a violation of NEPA is that real environmental harm will occur through inadequate foresight and deliberation.
The difficulty of stopping a bureaucratic steam roller, once started, still seems to us, after reading Village of Gambell, a perfectly proper factor for a district court to take into account in assessing that risk, on a motion for a preliminary injunction.
In determining whether a Federal court has the authority to decide a case (jurisdiction), Federal courts only consider the parts of a complaint supporting the federal issue cited.
Parts of a complaint requesting removal of anticipated construction can be ignored by Federal courts since construction was not an actual controversy at the time the complaint was filed.
Therefore, if project construction starts after a NEPA complaint is filed, the NEPA complaint will need to be amended or a new complaint filed to include the actual construction.
Courts balance the harm an injunction might cause to the defendant against the likelihood of environmental harms occurring and the degree of injury if the environmental harms occur.
Environmental injury, by its nature, can seldom be adequately remedied by money damages and is often permanent or at least of long duration, i. e., irreparable.
If such injury is sufficiently likely, therefore, the balance of harms will usually favor the issuance of an injunction to protect the environment.
We must next balance the irreparable harms we have identified against the harm to defendants if the preliminary injunction is granted.
Therefore In order to prevent NEPA cases from automatically becoming moot due to construction, NEPA complaints would need to request removal of bad faith constructions.
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) was modeled after the Council of Economic Advisers, a group of advisers to the President, created by the Employment Act of 1946.
He directed the CEQ to issue guidelines for the proper preparation of an EIS and to assemble and coordinate federal programs related to environmental quality.
The Council was placed within the Executive Office of the President of the United States and is composed of three President-appointed members, which are subsequently confirmed by the Senate.
Its initial guidelines were issued in 1971, and required each federal department and agency to adopt its own guidelines consistent those established by CEQ.
These guidelines did not carry the status of formal agency regulations, but were often held in the court of law as such.
In 1977 President Jimmy Carter by executive order 11991 authorized the CEQ to adopt regulations rather than simple guidelines on EIS preparation.
The CEQ has taken measures within the past several years to prepare advisory documentation explaining the general structure of NEPA and the nature of cumulative impacts, among other advisories.
The National Environmental Policy Act promotes environmental justice by requiring federal agencies to include minority and low-income populations in their NEPA-mandated environmental analyses.
Executive Order #12898 requires federal agencies that are complying with NEPA to consider environmental effects on human health, and economic and social effects, specifically within minority and low-income populations, which are disproportionately impacted by environmental detriment.
After moving to New York City, he worked as a pianist in German clubs and was accompanist for silent films but never had a partnership before working with Lerner.
Conversely, Alan Lerner was born in New York City and attended Harvard where his first musical theater contributions came from working on collegiate Hasty Pudding musicals.
Early in his career At Harvard he collaborated with Leonard Bernstein but also did not have any official partnerships until he crossed paths with Loewe.
In August, 1942 at the Lambs Club in New York City 24 year old American, Alan Jay Lerner and 41 year old Austrian, Frederick Loewe, officially met one another.
As recounted by Lerner, the two men met by chance when Loewe took a wrong turn on his way to the bathroom.
The original Broadway production opened in 1947 at the Ziegfeld Theatre and won the Drama Critics Award for Best Musical of the Year.
The story takes place in California during the Gold Rush and focuses on the relationship between a father who works as a miner and his daughter.
Years later in 1969 Lerner had asked Loewe to return to the project to specifically write new songs for the film version.
At the result of many frustrated work sessions and the input of Oscar Hammerstein who too had tried to adapt the play with Richard Rodgers but failed, Lerner and Loewe abandoned the project.
The main goal of Lerner and Loewe was not simply to do justice to the original text, but to create the right songs to emphasize character.
It took many failed attempts, tossing out of unneeded songs and long hours at the piano before coming across the style they both wished to utilize, the dramatization of characters inner turmoil.
It was during this musical that Lerner and Loewe spent the most time perfecting songs, this came not just at the piano and consisted of playing music, but of talking out moments in the musical and what they both wanted to achieve from these moments.
When they were at the piano, Lerner has said of Loewe's style that he would often enter dream like states where he would continuously play until a musical moment appeared that they were both overjoyed with.
During the time it played it set the record for the longest running Broadway musical and has had numerous revivals of the production.
Due to it being outside of stage work, Loewe at first passed on the opportunity, but relented after reading the script.
While in Paris getting ready to start shooting, Lerner, being one more likely to make impulsive decisions bought a blue Rolls Royce and convinced Loewe to buy a grey one in an exchange that lasted less than five minutes at the car dealership.
Lerner's creative process could take as little as a few hours, and as much as a few weeks, yet he never felt pressured nor shamed by his counterpart.
While Loewe did not require as long periods of time to compose his music as Lerner required to write lyrics, he could often be very uncertain in his choices and Lerner was able to provide him with reassurance.
The two were also partial to working in the early morning, particularly Lerner who believed all of his best writing was done as soon as he awakened.
In terms of personality, the two could not be more opposite, Lerner, the younger of the two and having been raised in New York always had an eagerness about him and was quick speaking and moving.
Loewe, the older of the two being brought up in Austria was more experienced and cynical, but each understood one another and developed a very deep friendship.
Ali Larijani (, ; born 3 June 1957) is an Iranian conservative politician, philosopher and former military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps who has been Speaker of the Parliament of Iran since 2008.
Larijani was the Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 15 August 2005 to 20 October 2007, appointed to the position by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, replacing Hassan Rouhani.
Acceptance of Larijani's resignation from the secretary position was announced on 20 October 2007 by Gholamhossein Elham, the Iranian government's spokesman, mentioning that his previous resignations were turned down by President Ahmadinejad.
Larijani was one of the two representatives of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ali Khamenei to the council, the other being Hassan Rouhani.
In his post as secretary he effectively functioned as the top negotiator on issues of national security, including Iran's nuclear program.
His parents moved to Najaf in 1931 due to pressure of then ruler Reza Shah, but returned to Iran in 1961.
He also holds a bachelor of science degree in computer science and mathematics from Aryamehr University of Technology and holds a master's degree and Ph.D. in Western philosophy from University of Tehran.
Larijani served as the deputy minister of labour and social affairs, and then was appointed deputy minister of information and communications technology.
In March 1994, he was appointed as head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, replacing Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani in the post.
He was in office until 21 July 2004 and was succeeded by Ezzatollah Zarghami after serving ten years in the post.
But he proved to be the least popular of the three conservative candidates, the others being Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (second rank in the first round, winner in the second round) and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf (fourth rank in the first round).
In 2005, Larijani was appointed secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, a body which helps draw up nuclear and other policies, by Khamenei.
As chief nuclear negotiator, Iranian analysts said he differed with the president over how to pursue negotiations with his European counterparts and say he backed a more pragmatic approach.
He was also elected for another term as chairman of the parliament on 5 June 2012 and was sworn in on 11 June 2012.
However, on 22 October 2012, during a QA meeting with the students of Iran University of Science and Technology, Larijani denied the allegations that he had congratulated Mousavi.
Iranian scholar Mehdi Moslem in his 2002 book named Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran, suggests that Larijani had been a member of Motalefeh and part of the ‘traditional right’.
Payam Mohseni, a fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, classifies Larijani as a lead figure in the ‘theocratic right’ camp, whose other prominent are Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi and Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani.
Larijani was one of the leaders of the Principlists Pervasive Coalition in 2008 parliamentary elections, and a United Front of Principlists leader.
During Iranian 2016 parliamentary election Larijani was the leader of the Followers of Wilayat faction, although he was backed by the reformist List of Hope and said he is running as an independent candidate.
Larijani is known to have close associates, including the interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, Behrouz Nemati, spokesman for the parliament's presiding board, and Kazem Jalali, head of the parliament's research center.
Larijani is a brother of Sadegh Larijani (President of the Judicature), Mohammad-Javad Larijani, Bagher Larijani (Chancellor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences), and Fazel Larijani (Iran's former cultural attachée in Ottawa).
Pasta retired from the stage in 1835 and performed only infrequently after that date (including performances in London in 1837 and in Germany and Russia in 1840–1841.
Another pupil was Carolina Ferni, herself a noted Norma, who in her turn taught the soprano Eugenia Burzio whose recordings are known for their passionate expression.
The Vanuatu rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion that includes the islands of Vanuatu, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands group of the neighboring Solomon Islands.
It is part of the Australasia ecozone, which includes neighboring New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, as well as Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand.
Ray-Ban is an American-founded Italian brand of luxury sunglasses and eyeglasses created in 1936 by the American company Bausch & Lomb.
In 1999, Bausch & Lomb sold the brand to the Italian eyewear conglomerate, Luxottica Group, for a reported US $640 million.
In 1929, US Army Air Corps Colonel John A. Macready worked with Bausch & Lomb, a Rochester, New York-based medical equipment manufacturer, to create aviation sunglasses that would reduce the distraction for pilots caused by the intense blue and white hues of the sky.
The company has also produced special edition lines, such as The General in 1987, bearing similarity to the original aviators worn by General Douglas MacArthur during the Second World War.
He won the decathlon gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1980 and 1984, and broke the world record for the event four times.
With four world records, two Olympic gold medals, three Commonwealth titles, and wins in the World and European Championships, Thompson is considered by many to be one of the greatest decathletes of all time.
Thompson was born in Notting Hill, London, the second son of a British Nigerian father, who ran a minicab firm, and Scottish mother, Lydia, from Dundee.
When Thompson was eleven or twelve, his father was shot dead in Streatham by the husband of a woman whom the father and a friend had dropped off.
Initially, he was a member of Haywards Heath Harriers, but when he returned to London in 1975 he joined the Newham and Essex Beagles Athletics club, training as a sprinter.
In 1979, he failed to finish in his only decathlon of that year, but won the long jump at the UK Championships.
Thompson opened the 1980 Olympic season with a world decathlon record of 8,648 points at Götzis, Austria, in May, and followed this with a comfortable win at the Moscow Olympics.
After a quiet 1981 season, he was in devastating form in 1982; back at Götzis in May, he raised the world record to 8,730 points and then in September, at the European Championships in Athens, he took the record up to 8,774 points.
In 1983, Daley won the inaugural World Championships and became the first decathlete to hold a continental title, in his case the European title, and the World and Olympic titles simultaneously.
He also became by virtue of his World title, the first athlete in any athletics event to hold Olympic, World, continental and Commonwealth Games titles in a single event simultaneously.
He spent much of the summer of 1984 in California preparing for the defence of his Olympic title, with Jürgen Hingsen, the West German who had succeeded Thompson as the world record holder, expected to be a major threat.
Thompson took the lead in the first event and was never headed throughout the competition, although it seemed that, by easing off in the 1,500 metres he had missed tying the world record by just one point.
When the photo-finish pictures were examined, however, it was found that Thompson should have been credited with one more point in the 110 metres hurdles so he had in fact, equalled Hingsen's record.
Then when the new scoring tables were introduced, Thompson became the sole record holder once more with a recalculated score of 8,847 points – a world record that stood until 1992, when it was surpassed by the American athlete Dan O'Brien with a score of 8,891.
Thompson won his third Commonwealth title in 1986 but after that he never quite recaptured the superlative form of earlier years.
In 1987, he suffered his first decathlon defeat for nine years when he finished ninth in the World Championships, and at his fourth Olympics in Seoul in 1988 he finished fourth.
The pair constantly traded world records, but Thompson always had the upper hand in the major events, remaining undefeated in all competitions for nine years between 1979 and 1987.
Thompson was an ambassador for the London 2012 Summer Olympics, focusing during the bid stage on highlighting the benefits that hosting the Olympics would bring to education and sport in schools.
In 2018, Daley joined Masterchef Gary Barnshaw and co founded DT10 Sports, creating & selling a range of low-sugar protein shakes and sports bars.
He won the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award in 1982, and was appointed an MBE in the 1983 New Year Honours, and promoted to the CBE in the 2000 New Year Honours.
United States sprinter Carl Lewis had been dealing with rumours of homosexuality and the shirt was regarded as being cruelly directed at Lewis.
Eventually Gesner sent Schulz a demo recording of some of the songs and Gesner soon had permission to properly record them, which he did in 1966.
Orson Bean sang the role of Charlie Brown, Clark Gesner sang Linus, Barbara Minkus sang Lucy, and Bill Hinnant sang Snoopy (he reprised his role in the Off-Broadway production).
Prior to its opening, the musical had no actual libretto; it was several vignettes with a musical number for each one.
On March 7, 1967, the musical premiered off-Broadway at Theatre 80 in the East Village, featuring Gary Burghoff as Charlie Brown, Skip Hinnant as Schroeder, Reva Rose as Lucy, Bob Balaban as Linus, Karen Johnson as Patty (an early Peanuts character not to be confused with Peppermint Patty), and Bill Hinnant as Snoopy.
The off-Broadway cast recording, originally released on MGM Records, was later remastered by Decca Broadway/Universal Classics and re-released on September 31, 2000.
A Broadway production opened at the John Golden Theatre on June 1, 1971, and closed on June 27, 1971, after 32 performances and 15 previews.
Directed by Joseph Hardy and with choreography by Patricia Birch, the new cast consisted of Carter Cole as Schroeder, Grant Cowan as Snoopy, Stephen Fenning as Linus, Liz O'Neal as Lucy, Dean Stolber as Charlie Brown, and Lee Wilson as Patty.
In addition to the Broadway production, the success of the off-Broadway production spawned nine United States touring companies, playing in such cities as Chicago; Los Angeles; Altoona; Washington, D.C.; and San Francisco.
It featured new dialogue by Michael Mayer, who also directed, and additional songs and orchestration written by Andrew Lippa; choreography was by Jerry Mitchell and sets by David Gallo, Mayer's frequent collaborator.
Also featured were Kristin Chenoweth and Roger Bart as Sally and Snoopy, with each winning the Tony award in the respective category.
The cast featured Morgan Karr as Charlie Brown, David Larsen as Schroeder, Tom Deckman as Snoopy, Matt Crowle as Linus, Carmen Ruby Floyd as Lucy, and Kenita R. Miller as Sally.
At noon, Linus, Lucy, Schroeder, and Charlie Brown are working on their Peter Rabbit book reports, each in his or her own way.
That evening, Snoopy complains that he hasn't been fed yet, and begins to overly complicate and dramatize the matter until Charlie Brown shows up with his dinner.
With that realization, he concludes that today hasn't been so bad, after all, and he's done a lot of things that make him happy.
The piano player can also be doubled on celeste, toy piano, and melodica; the first woodwind plays flute and piccolo; the second is the second flute part; the third and fourth are the first and second clarinet parts respectively; the fifth on bass clarinet and tenor sax.
The piano player can double on keyboard synthesizer and kazoo; the bass player doubles on electric and acoustic bass, tenor recorder, and kazoo (in the original Broadway pit the bass player also doubled on acoustic and electric guitar); the woodwind part doubles on piccolo, flute, clarinet, soprano and alto sax, soprano recorder, and kazoo; the violin part also doubles on viola, alto recorder, kazoo, and tambourine.
The percussionist primarily plays drum set but doubles on vibraphone, bells, triangle, timpani, and xylophone, with the parts intended to be played with a synthesizer.
Articles about the 1999 revision while it was in previews noted that the one difference between the original production and the 1999 version was that the latter reflected the increased ethnic diversity of casting over the decades that had passed, with Schroeder being played by an African American actor (Mathis) and Linus by an Asian American (Wong).
This version was the first animated depiction of Snoopy with comprehensible dialogue, voiced by Robert Towers, who previously portrayed the role in the 1967 Los Angeles production alongside Burghoff as Charlie Brown and Judy Kaye as Lucy.
Original cast albums have been released for all three versions of the stage show, however the 1973 Hallmark Hall of Fame recording on Atlantic Records is no longer in print.
In geometry, Descartes' theorem states that for every four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles, the radii of the circles satisfy a certain quadratic equation.
If a straight line is considered a degenerate circle with zero curvature (and thus infinite radius), Descartes' theorem also applies to a line and two circles that are all three mutually tangent, giving the radius of a third circle tangent to the other two circles and the line.
Ignoring the degenerate case of a straight line, one solution is positive and the other is either positive or negative; if negative, it represents a circle that circumscribes the first three (as shown in the diagram above).
If two circles are replaced by lines, the tangency between the two replaced circles becomes a parallelism between their two replacement lines.
It is not possible to replace three circles by lines, as it is not possible for three lines and one circle to be mutually tangent.
Note that the plus/minus sign in the above formula for z does not necessarily correspond to the plus/minus sign in the formula for k.
The generalization to n dimensions is sometimes referred to as the Soddy–Gosset theorem, even though it was shown by R. Lachlan in 1886.
Although there is no 3-dimensional analogue of the complex numbers, the relationship between the positions of the centers can be re-expressed as a matrix equation, which also generalizes to dimensions.
Sailors, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen in clandestine, stealth, or special operations, where their ability to return hostile fire is curtailed, are deemed eligible for consideration of the award.
The Navy Combat Action Ribbon was first authorized on 17 February 1969, and is awarded to members of the Navy and Marine Corps with the ranks of or lower than captain and colonel respectively.
Air combat does not meet the criteria for the Combat Action Ribbon; Naval Aviators, Naval Flight Officers and enlisted Naval Aircrewman, while in the performance of aerial flight, are eligible for consideration for the Air Medal, although this award requires far more combat exposure over a prolonged period.
The Navy Combat Action Ribbon is retroactive to 7 December 1941 and the Coast Guard Combat Action Ribbon is retroactive to 1 May 1975 (prior to 1975 Coast Guard members in Vietnam combat were awarded the Navy Combat Action ribbon).
For a military member to be awarded a Combat Action Ribbon evidence must establish the member engaged the enemy, was under hostile fire, or was physically attacked by the enemy.
The service member's enemy engagement must have been with honor to the United States and to the satisfaction of the Service.
Evidence must show a service member was in actual combat, not merely present in the area where combat is occurring; the mere presence in a combat zone does not qualify a service member for the award.
A U.S. Air Force combat participant is awarded the Air Force Combat Action Medal (AFCAM), which includes both full and miniature size suspension medals and a ribbon.
The CAR cannot be awarded to a military unit, station, or group, although multiple individual service members may be nominated for the award stemming from the same combat action(s).
The outermost blue stripe is always to the wearer's right; only one Combat Action Ribbon is authorized for wear, with each additional CAR award signified with a inch gold star attached to the ribbon.
In full dress uniform, medals are worn on the member's left side, because the Combat Action Ribbon is not a medal, the ribbon is worn on the right side of the member's uniform.
The CAR is currently authorized with a U.S. Navy (to include the U.S. Marine Corps) and a U.S. Coast Guard version.
The Navy version covers Navy and Marine Corps servicemembers from the establishment of the CAR in 1969, and was made retroactive to 7 December 1941.
Prior to 2008, U.S. Coast Guard servicemembers who were awarded the Combat Action Ribbon received the Navy CAR, because in most conflicts and wars Coast Guard members eligible for the CAR operated with or under the U.S. Navy.
Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard veterans are advised to submit eligibility requests, etc., to each of their respective branches in regard to the Combat Action Ribbon or additional awards of this award.
The Navy CAR is awarded to members of the Navy and Marine Corps (and Coast Guard, when operating under the control of the Navy during a war or national emergency), with the grade of captain/colonel and below, who have actively participated in ground or surface combat.
After the destroyer was attacked by terrorists in 2000, the entire crew of the ship was awarded the Combat Action Ribbon a year later.
In January 2013, the awarding criteria were expanded to include dangerous exposure to IEDs, mines, and scatterable munitions, be it the detonation of such or direct action taken to disable, render safe, or destroy such; servicemembers may be deemed eligible if the IEDs are detonated or specifically emplaced by the enemy.
In 2017, sailors from , , , and were awarded the Combat Action Ribbon after their ship was fired upon by rebels off the coast of Yemen in 2016, one of the few instances in the 21st century when U.S. Navy sailors aboard a commissioned warship were awarded the ribbon for combat occurring at sea.
The Coast Guard Combat Action Ribbon (CGCAR) was established by the approval of the Secretary of Homeland Security on 16 July 2008, in ALCOAST 361/08.
The Coast Guard version of the CAR is awarded to members of the Coast Guard who have actively participated in a ground or maritime engagement.
Criteria for the CGCAR also include personnel with direct exposure to the detonation of an improvised explosive device used by an enemy, and for personnel who serve in clandestine/special operations, or who are restricted in their ability to return fire, where the risk of enemy fire was great.
In 2009, the U.S. Coast Guard began awarding a Coast Guard Combat Action Ribbon (CGCAR) similar in design to the Navy Combat Action Ribbon.
Prior to 2008, Coast Guard members earning a Combat Action Ribbon received the U.S. Navy CAR because in times of conflict and war the Coast Guard in combat areas typically operated with or under the U.S. Navy.
For example, in the Vietnam War's Operation Market Time the U.S. Coast Guard had at any one time approximately 1,200 Coast Guard members participating in Operation Market Time.
Those Coast Guard members in Vietnam who engaged in combat were awarded the U.S. Navy Combat Action Ribbon by the Commander of U.S.
With its own Combat Action Ribbon, USCG members will now receive the Coast Guard CAR regardless if a member is operating in conjunction with or under the control of the U.S. Navy.
Those USCG members awarded the U.S. Navy CAR prior to 2009 are authorized to continue wearing the Navy award despite the availability of the Coast Guard Combat Action Ribbon.
The flexatone or fleximetal is a modern percussion instrument (an indirectly struck idiophone) consisting of a small flexible metal sheet suspended in a wire frame ending in a handle.
The instrument was first used in 1920s jazz bands as an effect but is now mainly and rarely used in orchestral music.
The player holds the flexatone in one hand with the palm around the wire frame and the thumb on the free end of the spring steel.
The player then shakes the instrument with a trembling movement which causes the beaters to strike the sides of the metal sheet.
While the instrument has a very limited dynamic range, volume can be controlled by how vigorously or delicately the player shakes the Flexatone.
An alternate technique involves removing the two wooden knobs and their mounting springs, and then using a small metal rod (e.g., a triangle beater) held in the free hand striking the strip of spring steel.
The flexatone is notated using tremolo lines (rolls) to indicate shaking the instrument and lines to indicate the desired direction of the glissando or a wavy line (chevron) to indicate alternating thumb pressure.
If using the instrument with the balls removed, indicate strikes with single notes followed by arrows indicating the direction of the glissando (similar to a guitar tab pitch bend).
The instrument is not often used in classical music, but it appears in the work of Arnold Schoenberg, Hans Werner Henze, Sofia Gubaidulina, György Ligeti and others.
It includes the settlements A dos Francos, Broeiras, Carreiros, Casais da Aramanha, Casais da Bica, Casais da Paraventa, Casais de Santa Helena, Casais Gaiolas, Casal da Palmeira, Casal das Cheiras, Casal das Sesmarias, Casal Sobreiro, Casal Pinheiro, Casal Val Covo, Salgueirinha, Santa Susana and Vila Verde de Matos.
The history and toponymy of this parish can be traced back to the French; the name, itself, evokes French ownership or dominion of this area.
In fact, it was Afonso Henriques, who had a hand in its nomenclature; in order to reward mercenary French crusaders who assisted his early campaigns, Afonso Henriques distributed some lands along the margins of the Tagus, living behind names that only hint at French influence, including Vila Franca and A dos Francos.
These foreign colonies including those in the Estremadura were favored by King Sancho, who also received complementary immigrants from Flanders, who populated the northern parts of the Tagus.
Yevtushenko was born Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Gangnus (he later took his mother's last name, Yevtushenko) in the Irkutsk region of Siberia in a small town called Zima on 18 July 1933 to a peasant family of noble descent.
He served as a soldier in the Imperial Army during World War I and as an officer in the Red Army during the Civil War.
After the Second World War, Yevtushenko moved to Moscow and from 1951 to 1954 studied at the Gorky Institute of Literature in Moscow, from which he dropped out.
The usual Soviet policy in relation to the Holocaust in Russia was to describe it as general atrocities against Soviet citizens, and to avoid mentioning that it was a genocide of the Jews.
He was part of the 1960s generation, which included such writers as Vasili Aksyonov, Andrei Voznesensky, Bella Akhmadulina, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Anatoly Gladilin; as well as actors Andrei Mironov, Aleksandr Zbruyev, Natalya Fateyeva, and many others.
During the time, Anna Akhmatova, a number of whose family members suffered under the communist rule, criticised Yevtushenko's aesthetic ideals and his poetics.
Alternatively, Yevtushenko was much respected by others at the time both for his poetry and his political stance toward the Soviet government.
Generally, however, Yevtushenko was still the most extensively travelled Soviet poet, possessing an amazing capability to balance between moderate criticism of Soviet regime, which gained him popularity in the West, and, as noted by some, a strong Marxist–Leninist ideological stance, which allegedly proved his loyalty to Soviet authorities.
In 1965, Yevtushenko joined Anna Akhmatova, Korney Chukovsky, Jean-Paul Sartre and others and co-signed the letter of protest against the unfair trial of Joseph Brodsky as a result of the court case against him initiated by the Soviet authorities.
In 1989 Yevtushenko was elected as a representative for Kharkiv in the Soviet Parliament (Congress of Peoples Deputies), where he was a member of the pro-democratic group supporting Mikhail Gorbachev.
In the post-Soviet era Yevtushenko actively discussed environmental issues, confronted Russian Nationalist writers from the alternative Union of the Writers of Russia, and campaigned for the preservation of the memory of victims of Stalin's Gulag.
After October 2007 Yevtushenko divided his time between Russia and the United States, teaching Russian and European poetry and the history of world cinema at the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma and at Queens College of the City University of New York.
In the West he was best known for his criticism of the Soviet bureaucracy and appeals for getting rid of the legacy of Stalin.
He was working on a three-volume collection of 11th to 20th-century Russian poetry, and planned a novel based on his time in Havana during the Cuban Missile Crisis (he was, reportedly, good friends with Che Guevara, Salvador Allende and Pablo Neruda).
13, which sets five of his poems, by the University of Maryland Symphony Orchestra and the men of the UM Choirs, with David Brundage as the bass soloist.
The performance was the idea of the then-President of the Moores School of Music Society, Philip Berquist, a long time friend of Yevtushenko, after the poet informed him that both works had never been performed together.
It is only the envy of people who couldn't stand against the propaganda machine, and they invented things about my generation, the artists of the '60s.
It was a generation crippled by history, and most of our dreams were doomed to be unfulfilled – but the fight for freedom was not in vain.
Yevtushenko's third wife was English translator Jan Butler (married in 1978) and his fourth Maria Novikova whom he married in 1986.
His son Yevgeny reported that Yevtushenko had been diagnosed with cancer about six years before and that he had undergone surgery to remove part of a kidney, but the disease had recently returned.
In 1993, Yevtushenko received a medal as 'Defender of Free Russia,' which was given to those who took part in resisting the hard-line Communist coup in August 1991.
A disguise can be anything which conceals or changes a person's physical appearance, including a wig, glasses, makeup, fake moustache, costume or other items.
A person working for an agency trying to get information might go 'undercover' to get information without being recognised by the public; a celebrity may go 'incognito' in order to avoid unwelcome press attention.
In comic books and films, disguises are often used by superheroes, and in science fiction they may be used by aliens.
In comic books and superhero stories, disguises are used to hide secret identities and keep special powers secret from ordinary people.
For example, Superman passes himself off as Clark Kent, and Spider-Man disguises himself in a costume so that he cannot be recognized as Peter Parker.
In epic poetry, Odysseus uses the disguise of a beggar to test his family's and servants' loyalty upon his return from a 10-year voyage.
Disguise is sometimes used in criminal activity and in spying, and is a common trend in detective fiction and in spy stories.
Arsene Lupin is feared in Maurice Leblanc's stories because of his extreme ability to disguise himself; this is a trademark of Lupin.
The Clay Camel, one of Mandrake the Magician's foes, is considered the Master of the Disguise, because he is able to mimic anyone and can change his appearance in seconds.
Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG, more commonly known simply as Lindt, is a Swiss chocolatier and confectionery company founded in 1845 and known for its chocolate truffles and chocolate bars, among other sweets.
The origins of the company date back to 1836, when David Sprüngli-Schwarz and his son Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann bought a small confectionery shop in the old town of Zürich, producing chocolates under the name David Sprüngli & Son.
Before they moved to Paradeplatz in 1845, they established a small factory where they produced their chocolate in solidified form in 1838.
In 1994, Lindt & Sprüngli acquired the Austrian chocolatier, Hofbauer Österreich, and integrated it, along with its Küfferle brand, into the company.
In 1997 and 1998, respectively, the company acquired the Italian chocolatier Caffarel and the American chocolatier Ghirardelli, and integrated both of them into the company as wholly owned subsidiaries.
On 17 March 2009, Lindt announced the closure of 50 of its 80 retail boutiques in the United States because of weaker demand in the wake of the late-2000s recession.
On 14 July 2014, Lindt bought Russell Stover Candies, maker of Whitman's Chocolate, for about $1 billion, the company's largest acquisition to date.
In November 2018, Lindt opened its first American travel retail store in JFK Airport's Terminal 1 and its flagship Canadian shop in Yorkdale Shopping Centre, Toronto.
Lindt & Sprüngli has twelve factories: Kilchberg, Switzerland; Aachen, Germany; Oloron-Sainte-Marie, France; Induno Olona, Italy; Gloggnitz, Austria; and Stratham, New Hampshire, in the United States.
Caffarel's factory is located in Luserna San Giovanni, Italy, and Ghirardelli's factory is located in San Leandro, California, in the United States.
Lindor is a type of chocolate produced by Lindt, which is now characterized by a hard chocolate shell and a smooth chocolate filling.
The milk chocolate bunny wears a red ribbon, the dark chocolate bunny wears a dark brown ribbon, the hazelnut bunny wears a green ribbon, and the white chocolate bunny wears a white ribbon.
During the Christmas season, Lindt produces a variety of items, including chocolate reindeer (which somewhat resemble the classic bunny), Santa, snowmen figures of various sizes, bears, bells, advent calendars, and chocolate ornaments.
For St. Valentine's Day, Lindt sells a boxed version of the Gold Bunny, which comes as a set of two kissing bunnies.
In September 2017, an investigation conducted by NGO Mighty Earth found that a large amount of the cocoa used in chocolate produced by Lindt and other major chocolate companies was grown illegally in national parks and other protected areas in the Ivory Coast and Ghana, the world’s two largest cocoa producers.
The report documents how, in several national parks and other protected areas, 90% or more of the land mass has been converted to cocoa.
The Irish Guards (IG), part of the Guards Division, is one of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army and, together with the Royal Irish Regiment, it is one of the two Irish infantry regiments in the British Army.
The regiment has participated in campaigns in the First World War, the Second World War, the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan as well as numerous other conflicts throughout their history.
The Irish Guards claims six Victoria Cross recipients, four from the First World War and two from the Second World War.
Although restrictions in Ireland's Defence Act make it illegal to induce, procure or persuade enlistment of any citizen of Ireland into the military of another state, people from the Republic do enlist in the regiment.
The Irish Guards have buttons arranged in groups of four as they were the fourth Foot Guards regiment to be founded.
The Irish Guards regiment was formed on 1 April 1900 by order of Queen Victoria to commemorate the Irishmen who fought in the Second Boer War for the British Empire.
Following the outbreak of the First World War, 1st Battalion, The Irish Guards was deployed to France almost immediately, and they remained on the Western Front for the duration of the war.
During the early part of the war, the battalion took part in the Battle of Mons and formed the Allied rearguard during the Great Retreat.
The battalion then took part in one of the bloodiest battles of 1914, the First Battle of Ypres, which began on 19 October, which left major casualties among the old Regular Army.
The 1st Battalion suffered huge casualties between 1–8 November holding the line against near defeat by German forces, while defending Klein Zillebeke.
In September that year, the battalion, as well as the 2nd Irish Guards, who had reached France in August, took part in the Battle of Loos, which lasted from 25 September until early October.
The 1st Irish Guards took part in an action at Flers–Courcelette where they suffered severe casualties in the attack in the face of withering fire from the German machine-guns.
In 1917 the Irish Guards took part in the Battle of Pilckem which began on 31 July during the Third Battle of Ypres.
The Irish Guards also took part in the Battle of Cambrai in that year, the first large use of the tank in battle took place during the engagement.
In 1918 the regiment fought in a number of engagements during the Second Battle of the Somme, including at Arras and Albert.
The regiment then went on to take part in a number of battles during the British offensives against the Hindenburg Line.
The regiment's continued existence was threatened briefly when Winston Churchill, who served as Secretary of State for War between 1919 and 1921, sought the elimination of the Irish Guards and Welsh Guards as an economy measure.
During the Second World War, battalions of the regiment fought in Norway, France, North Africa and Italy and following D-Day in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.
Following a challenging sea voyage to Norway, the 1st Irish Guards arrived in May 1940 and fought for two days at the town of Pothus before they were forced to retreat.
While the 1st Irish Guards were fighting in Norway, the 2nd Battalion was deployed to the Hook of Holland to cover the evacuation of the Dutch Royal Family and Government in May 1940.
The guardsmen held out against overwhelming odds for three days, buying valuable time for the Dunkirk Evacuation, before they were evacuated themselves.
In November 1942, during the Second World War, Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg joined the British Army as a volunteer in the Irish Guards.
All three battalions of the regiment remained based in the United Kingdom until March 1943 when the 1st Battalion landed, with the rest of the 24th Guards Brigade, in Tunisia, to fight in the final stages of the campaign in North Africa.
The battalion saw extensive action while fighting through Tunisia and was subsequently deployed to the Italian Front in December of that year.
The 1st Battalion participated in the fierce fighting around the Allied beachhead and suffered severe casualties fighting off a German counterattack at Campoleone after which the depleted battalion was returned to the UK in April.
The Irish Guards returned to France in June 1944 when the 2nd and 3rd Irish Guards took part in the Normandy Campaign.
Both battalions served as part of the Guards Armoured Division and took part in the attempt to capture Caen as part of Operation Goodwood.
On 29 August, the 3rd Irish Guards crossed the Seine and began the advance into Belgium with the rest of the Guards Armoured Division towards Brussels.
The Irish Guards were part of the ground force of Operation Market Garden, 'Market' being the airborne assault and 'Garden' the ground attack.
The Irish Guards led the vanguard of XXX Corps in their advance towards Arnhem, which was the objective of the British 1st Airborne Division, furthest from XXX Corps' start line.
The Corps crossed the Belgian-Dutch border, advancing from Neerpelt on 17 September but the Irish Guards encountered heavy resistance which slowed the advance.
Following the conclusion of Market Garden, the Irish Guards remained in the Netherlands until taking part in the Allied advance into Germany and seeing heavy action during the Rhineland Campaign with Guardsman Edward Charlton winning the final Victoria Cross to be awarded in the European theatre.
During this time they were also part of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany on a number of occasions.
The Irish Guards were one of the few regiments in the British Army exempt from service in Northern Ireland during The Troubles.
However, a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb blasted a bus carrying members of the regiment band to Chelsea Barracks in October 1981.
More recently, The Irish Guards were involved in the Balkans Conflicts when they were deployed to Macedonia and Kosovo in 1999 and were the first British unit to enter the Kosovan capital city of Pristina on 12 June.
The regiment played a significant role in the initial stages of the Iraq War as part of the 7th Armoured Brigade and they led the British advance into Basra in March 2003.
Following the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing, 1st Battalion, Irish Guards were deployed in London to guard key locations, including the Ministry of Defence building in Whitehall, as part of Operation Temperer.
Later that year a company from Irish Guards deployed to the Falkland Islands as the Roulement Infantry Company returning home in 2018.
The Irish Guards deployed to Iraq in December 2019 to help train the Iraqi security forces in their fight against ISIS as part of Operation Shader.
However, the deployment rapidly changed in January 2020 with the escalation of the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis following the American killing of Major General Qasem Soleimani of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
The Irish Guards' role switched from training to force protection in order to protect British assets in Iraq from possible retaliation by Iran.
The 1st Battalion Irish Guards is broken down into five separate Companies; three rifle companies, No.1, No.2, and No.4 Companies, along with No.3 (Support) Company, and the Headquarters Company.
In common with the other Guards regiments, the regimental organization also includes the Band of the Irish Guards and the Corps of Drums (a fife and drum band).
As a result of the Army 2020 Refine reforms, the Irish Guards are in the process of relocating from Cavalry Barracks, Hounslow to Mons Barracks at Aldershot Garrison.
Irish Guardsmen who have completed P Company are transferred into the Guards Parachute Platoon, which is currently attached to the 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment.
The Guards Parachute Platoon maintains the tradition established by No 1 (Guards) Independent Parachute Company that was part of the original Pathfinder Group of 16th Parachute Brigade, which has since been designated as the 16th Air Assault Brigade.
Buttons are worn in two rows of four, reflecting the regiment's position as the fourth most senior Guards regiment, and the collar is adorned with a shamrock on either side.
A plume of St Patrick's blue was selected because blue is the colour of the mantle and sash of the Order of St Patrick, a chivalric order, founded by George III of the United Kingdom for the Kingdom of Ireland in February 1783 from which the regiment also draws its cap star and motto.
On the beret ranks from Guardsman to Lance Sergeant wear a brass or staybrite cap badge, Sergeants and Colour Sergeants wear a bi-metal cap badge, Warrant Officers wear a silver plate gilt and enamel cap badge and commissioned officers of the regiment wear an embroidered cap badge.
Bagpipers wear saffron kilts rather than tartan, green hose with saffron flashes and heavy black shoes known as brogues with no spats, a rifle green doublet with buttons in fours and a floppy hat known as a caubeen rather than a feather bonnet.
A green cloak with four silver buttons is worn over the shoulders and is secured by two green straps that cross over the chest.
Prince William, who is Colonel of the Irish Guards, wore the uniform of the Irish Guards for his marriage to Kate Middleton.
The training is two weeks more than the training for the Regular line infantry regiments of the British Army; the extra training, carried out throughout the course, is devoted to drill and ceremonies.
Since 1902, an Irish Wolfhound has been presented as a mascot to the regiment by the members of the Irish Wolfhound Club, who hoped the publicity would increase the breed's popularity with the public.
Originally, the mascot was in the care of a drummer boy, but is now looked after by one of the regiment's drummers and his family.
It is customary for the regiment to begin the day's celebrations with the Guardsmen being woken by their officers and served gunfire.
In 1950 King George VI marked the fiftieth anniversary of the formation of the Irish guards by presenting the Shamrocks on St Patrick´s Day.
This honour was mirrored by King George's surviving wife, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, fifty years later when she presented shamrocks to the regiment on St. Patrick's Day in their centenary year of 2000.
For the Slavic congregation in Rome was established Illyrian brotherhood of St. Jerome, which was confirmed by Pope Nicholas V in 1452.
Slavs founded fifteen settlements in Molise, according Giacomo Scotti with around seven or eight thousand people, of which only three (San Felice, Montemitro, Acquaviva Collecroce) today have a Slavic-speaking community.
The existence of this Slavic colony was first mentioned in the 1850s, and was unknown outside Italy until 1855 when linguist Medo Pucić from Dubrovnik did one of his journeys to Italy and overheard a tailor in Naples speaking with his wife in a language very similar to Pucić's own.
Risto Kovačić, Miroslav Pantić, Giovanni de Rubertis and Graziadio Isaia Ascoli, considered Molise Croats to be Serbs from Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbian littoral.
As such, Josip Aranza considered Zadar region, R. T. Badurina southern Istria, Mate Hraste the hinterland of Zadar and Šibenik, while Walter Breu the Neretva valley.
According to linguistic features it has been established that the area of origin was Zabiokovlje and Makarska Riviera (Josip Smodlaka, Josip Barač, Milan Rešetar, Žarko Muljačić, Dalibor Brozović, Petar Šimunović).
The language of Molise Croats belongs to Western Shtokavian dialect of Ikavian accent, with many features and lexemes of Chakavian dialect.
The lexicon comparison points to the similarity with language of Sumartin on Brač, Sućuraj on Hvar, and Račišće on Korčula, settlements founded almost in the same time as those in Molise, and together point to the similarity of several settlements in South-Western and Western Istria (see Southwestern Istrian dialect), formed by the population of Makarska hinterland and Western Herzegovina.
Giacomo Scotti noted that the ethnic identity and language was only preserved in San Felice, Montemitro and Acquaviva Collecroce thanks to the geographical and transport distance of the villages from the sea.
Josip Smodlaka noted that during his visit in the early 1900s the residents of Palata still knew to speak in Croatian language about basic terms like home and field works, but if the conversation touched more complex concepts they had to use the Italian language.
A legend says that they came to the new country on one Friday in May carrying only the statue of Saint Lucy.
They made their living mainly with farming (mostly producing grain, as well as some vine-cultivation and other kinds of agriculture) and stock-breeding, as well as home lacemaking.
The long-term exposure to the disintegration processes and Italian foreign language surrounding, as well absence of cultural institutions, resulted in the loss of ethnic identity.
The ethnic identity of Molise Croats consists of a common language, personal names and toponyms, common customs (living and dressing), as well an oral tradition of migration.
), Montemitro (460), San Siase (960), San Felice (1009), Tavenna (1325), and noted that the residents of Ripalta (781) spoke equally poorly Slavic and Italian.
During the years, due to economic and social issues, many families migrated to Northern Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and overseas to United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and Western Australia.
AMSAT-OSCAR-40, also known as AO-40 or simply OSCAR 40, was the on-orbit designation of an amateur radio satellite of the OSCAR series.
Following the failure of the Phase 3A launcher, design studies were undertaken and construction started for two successor satellites, that became AO-10 (Phase 3B) and AO-13 (Phase 3C) respectively.
This idea was later shelved, and design of Phase 3D (on-orbit name: AO-40) was undertaken under direction of the project team based in Germany, involving amateur radio payloads from many countries in Europe.
Assembly was done at AMSAT's Spacecraft Integration Facility in the 'Free Trade Zone Building' at the Orlando International Airport, Orlando, Florida from 1994 to 2000.
It was launched on 16 November 2000, on an Ariane 5 launch vehicle from Kourou, in French Guiana, and reported cost was 4.5 Million USD.
The Command Team were able to infer that there had been an explosion caused by pressure in the propellant pipes caused by malfunction of the control valves.
The loss of the motor caused AO-40 to be left in an equatorial orbit that the satellite was not designed for.
As a result of this incident several pieces of radio equipment no longer functioned or were not able to be commissioned.
Following strenuous efforts by the Command Team, signals were restored on 25 December 2000 at 2145 UTC when Command Team member Ian Ashley (amateur radio call sign ZL1AOX) of New Zealand successfully sent a 'reset' signal to the satellite.
Onboard cameras were used to establish the attitude of the satellite, and the magnetorquer system was used to spin-stabilize the satellite.
On 25 January 2004, telemetry from the main battery was observed to go to an extremely low voltage by Stacey Mills (amateur radio call sign W4SM), a member of the Command Team.
Just prior to the loss of control of the satellite, the auxiliary battery came online in parallel with the main battery.
It is possible that one day an open-circuit failure may occur in the main battery, in which case the spacecraft may come to life again.
The command team believe that the main battery failure was probably a consequence of damage done during the initial explosive event, and it is likely that similar damage was done to the auxiliary battery, making an eventual recovery of AO-40 unlikely.
It is clear that the initial explosion blew open the end of the spacecraft to which the omni antennas were attached.
This exposed the underlying batteries to major fluctuations in temperature and the explosion itself may have caused physical damage to the cells.
Following this final failure, the new keplerian elements have persistently shown an increase in orbital period corresponding to an increase in the semi-major axis of AO-40's orbit by approximately 2.7 km.
Assuming AO-40 had a mass of 400 kg, this change required approximately 160,000 joules of energy directed along the velocity vector.
Since an explosion would be unlikely to focus its energy so precisely, it is likely that a considerably larger explosion occurred synchronous with the final battery failure.
On 9 March 2004, Colin Hurst (amateur radio call sign VK5HI) of Australia, a member of the command team, heard a change in the level of radio noise at the expected beacon frequency during the period 0310 to 0320 UTC (orbit 1541).
All telemetry captured by the command team, and its network of helpers, is archived on the web at the AMSAT website.
The term diaspora language, coined in the 1980s, is a sociolinguistic idea referring to a variety of languages spoken by peoples with common roots who have dispersed, under various pressures and often globally.
Considered an endangered language, Molise Slavic is spoken by approximately 3,500 people in the villages of Montemitro, San Felice del Molise, and Acquaviva Collecroce in southern Molise, as well as elsewhere in southern Italy.
The language developed as a result of refugees arriving in Italy from the eastern Adriatic coast during the 15th and 16th centuries.
A study of African American enclaves in Nova Scotia, Canada and Samaná, Dominican Republic shows a high similarity in the African American Vernacular English (AAVE) spoken there and the early versions of AAVE that originated in the south during the 19th century.
AAVE in the United States on the other hand has changed substantially due in part to the Great Migration that happened in the twentieth century.
Unusually, while most examples have a diaspora causing differences in language due to influence from another culture and languages, these enclaves maintained a form of language closer to the historical source, or branching point.
The great number of Hindi speakers in the United Kingdom has produced a strain of the language unlike that spoken on the Indian subcontinent where it began.
It is one of many languages that emerged as a result of the migration of the Jewish people throughout Europe, alongside Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), Italkian (Judeo-Italian), Knaanic (Judeo-Slavic), Yevanic (Judeo-Greek), and Zarphatic (Judeo-French).
Of these languages, Yiddish produced the most significant literature and served as an icon of Jewish identity throughout Central and Eastern Europe.
The Yoruba language can be found across the globe, on every continent, however enforced migration under colonial slavery resulted in a particular density in the Americas and pressure on Yoruba speakers to adapt or assimilate.
In the Caribbean, in particular, Yoruba culture, religion, and language have co-evolved with the needs of the enslaved populations, generating extensive hybridization and surviving into the current era.
The Santeria religion draws its roots from Catholic, Yoruba and Native American spiritual traditions, and its liturgical language is Lucumi, a dialect of the original predominantly Nigerian Yoruba.
In the aftermath of the Highland and Lowland Clearances, a great number of Scots emigrated to Canada, proportionately more than the other Anglo New World countries of the United States, Australia, and even New Zealand.
In the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the province of Galicia was considered the poorest in all of Europe, and was considerably over-populated.
While the western part, containing Warsaw, was more densely populated and better maintained, the eastern part, overwhelmingly Ukrainian, was considered the most backward part of the Empire and good for little more than as a source of troops for the army.
This led to a mass exodus of citizens, along with Ukrainians from the neighbouring region of Bukovina, to Canada, settling primarily in the Western provinces of The Prairies.
They brought with them not just their religion – western Ukrainians are predominately Ukrainian Catholic whereas the rest of Ukraine is largely Eastern Orthodox – but also their language.
To this day, Canadian Ukrainian is clearly reminiscent of the Western dialects, and has minimal influence from Russian (given that it had never been part of the Russian Empire and was only conquered by the Soviet Union after WWII, long after the Canadian Ukrainian community had been established), but proportionately greater influence from Polish and German, such as loanwords.
A commercial laser for cutting materials involved a motion control system to follow a CNC or G-code of the pattern to be cut onto the material.
The focused laser beam is directed at the material, which then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish.
At the same time lasers were adapted to cut non-metals, such as textiles, because, at the time, lasers were not powerful enough to overcome the thermal conductivity of metals.
As the lasing material is stimulated, the beam is reflected internally by means of a partial mirror, until it achieves sufficient energy to escape as a stream of monochromatic coherent light.
Mirrors or fiber optics are typically used to direct the coherent light to a lens, which focuses the light at the work zone.
In order to be able to start cutting from somewhere other than the edge, a pierce is done before every cut.
Piercing usually involves a high-power pulsed laser beam which slowly makes a hole in the material, taking around 5–15 seconds for stainless steel, for example.
This beam is normally focused and intensified by a lens or a mirror to a very small spot of about to create a very intense laser beam.
In order to achieve the smoothest possible finish during contour cutting, the direction of beam polarization must be rotated as it goes around the periphery of a contoured workpiece.
Advantages of laser cutting over mechanical cutting include easier workholding and reduced contamination of workpiece (since there is no cutting edge which can become contaminated by the material or contaminate the material).
There is also a reduced chance of warping the material that is being cut, as laser systems have a small heat-affected zone.
Laser cutting for metals has the advantages over plasma cutting of being more precise and using less energy when cutting sheet metal; however, most industrial lasers cannot cut through the greater metal thickness that plasma can.
Newer laser machines operating at higher power (6000 watts, as contrasted with early laser cutting machines' 1500 watt ratings) are approaching plasma machines in their ability to cut through thick materials, but the capital cost of such machines is much higher than that of plasma cutting machines capable of cutting thick materials like steel plate.
In a fast axial flow resonator, the mixture of carbon dioxide, helium and nitrogen is circulated at high velocity by a turbine or blower.
Slab or diffusion cooled resonators have a static gas field that requires no pressurization or glassware, leading to savings on replacement turbines and glassware.
This is used to perform laser cutting functions while using the water jet to guide the laser beam, much like an optical fiber, through total internal reflection.
With a wavelength of only 1.064 micrometers fiber lasers produce an extremely small spot size (up to 100 times smaller compared to the ) making it ideal for cutting reflective metal material.
Some of the methods are vaporization, melt and blow, melt blow and burn, thermal stress cracking, scribing, cold cutting and burning stabilized laser cutting.
As the hole deepens and the material boils, vapor generated erodes the molten walls blowing ejecta out and further enlarging the hole.
Melt and blow or fusion cutting uses high-pressure gas to blow molten material from the cutting area, greatly decreasing the power requirement.
First the material is heated to melting point then a gas jet blows the molten material out of the kerf avoiding the need to raise the temperature of the material any further.
The separation of microelectronic chips as prepared in semiconductor device fabrication from silicon wafers may be performed by the so-called stealth dicing process, which operates with a pulsed , the wavelength of which (1064 nm) is well adopted to the electronic band gap of silicon (1.11 eV or 1117 nm).
When cutting low carbon steel with laser power of 800 W, standard roughness Rz is 10 μm for sheet thickness of 1 mm, 20 μm for 3 mm, and 25 μm for 6 mm.
Where: formula_2 steel sheet thickness in mm; formula_3 laser power in kW (some new laser cutters have laser power of 4 kW); formula_4 cutting speed in meters per minute.
The typical surface finish resulting from laser beam cutting may range from 125 to 250 micro-inches (0.003 mm to 0.006 mm).
This method provides a constant distance from the laser generator to the workpiece and a single point from which to remove cutting effluent.
Hybrid lasers provide a table which moves in one axis (usually the X-axis) and move the head along the shorter (Y) axis.
This results in a more constant beam delivery path length than a flying optic machine and may permit a simpler beam delivery system.
Flying optics lasers feature a stationary table and a cutting head (with laser beam) that moves over the workpiece in both of the horizontal dimensions.
Flying optic machines must use some method to take into account the changing beam length from near field (close to resonator) cutting to far field (far away from resonator) cutting.
In addition, there are various methods of orienting the laser beam to a shaped workpiece, maintaining a proper focus distance and nozzle standoff, etc.
Pulsed lasers which provide a high-power burst of energy for a short period are very effective in some laser cutting processes, particularly for piercing, or when very small holes or very low cutting speeds are required, since if a constant laser beam were used, the heat could reach the point of melting the whole piece being cut.
Essentially, the first pulse removes material from the surface and the second prevents the ejecta from adhering to the side of the hole or cut.
The maximum cutting rate (production rate) is limited by a number of factors including laser power, material thickness, process type (reactive or inert), and material properties.
Jerold Rosenberg was born in the Bronx to a Russian-Jewish household, to immigrant parents, Lena and Jacob Rosenberg, in the Bronx, New York City.
Introductions to singer Eddie Fisher and others brought him into contact with music publishers at the Brill Building, the center of songwriting activity in New York.
Ross met Richard Adler in 1950, and as a duo they became protégés of the great composer, lyricist, and publisher Frank Loesser.
The show won the 1955 Tony Award for Best Musical as well as the Donaldson Award and the Variety Drama Critics Award.
In his short life Ross was extremely productive; he wrote, alone or in collaboration, more than 250 songs in addition to his theatre work.
Ross was entered posthumously into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1982, his wife, Judy, and daughter, Janie, accepting on his behalf.
The company was founded by and is named after Italian chocolatier Domenico Ghirardelli, who, after working in South America, moved to California.
The Ghirardelli Chocolate Company was incorporated in 1852, and is the third-oldest chocolate company in the United States, after Baker's Chocolate and Whitman's.
By the time he was 20, Ghirardelli had sailed to Uruguay with his wife to work in a chocolate and coffee business.
Several months later, Ghirardelli opened a second store on the corner of Broadway and Battery in San Francisco, which became, in 1850, his first establishment in that city.
A fire on May 3, 1851 destroyed Ghirardelli's San Francisco business, and a few days later, his Stockton store also burned down.
However, in September of the same year, Ghirardelli used his remaining assets to open the Cairo Coffee House in San Francisco.
By 1855, a larger manufacturing facility was needed, and so the factory was moved to the corner of Greenwich and Powell Streets, while the office remained at the previous location.
By that time, the company not only sold chocolate, but also coffee and spices to the United States, China, Japan, and Mexico.
Since the 1960s Ghirardelli has also moved to focus on a restaurant division by selling ice cream sundaes complete with their famous hot fudge chocolate sauce.
The company then roasts the cocoa seeds in-house by removing the outer shell on the seed and roasting the inside of the seed, or the nibs.
In 2015, an independent laboratory tested over 120 chocolate products for lead and cadmium, and found that 96 of the 127 of them contained lead and/or cadmium above the safe harbor threshold of California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65).
Based on these results, As You Sow filed notices with over 20 companies, including Ghirardelli and Trader Joe’s for failing to provide the legally required warning to consumers that their chocolate products contain cadmium or lead, either or both.
Foz do Arelho is located 8 km west of Caldas da Rainha, in the northwest end of the council, and is limited north by the Atlantic Ocean and by the parish of Serra do Bouro.
East by the limits between the parishes of Serra do Bouro and Nadadouro and West by the ocean basin of Lagoa de Óbidos and the Atlantic Ocean.
Foz do Arelho started as being a small village belonging to the parish of Serra do Bouro, and was promoted to the category of parish in July the 5th, 1919.
As far as it can be remembered, Foz do Arelho was always a seasonal vacation resort, chosen by the elite families.
Most of the local inhabitants work in industry and services in Caldas da Rainha, but there is also a considerable number dedicated to touristy activities, seafood fishing (bivalve molluscs), and agriculture.
One can choose between swimming and sailing in the calm warm waters of the salt water lagoon, or surf and swim in the colder waters of the Atlantic.
There is a sailing centre, Escola de Vela da Lagoa, on the Foz do Arelho side which caters for experienced sailors by providing a range of equipment for rental, and beginners through its sailing schools.
Here it is possible to learn a watersport such as windsurfing, kitesurfing, sailing (including catamarans), canoeing, wakeboarding and water skiing, all in a beautiful landscape where forests roll down to the water’s edge and the Atlantic pounds on beaches at the entrance to the lagoon.
For those who are expert and daring enough to venture out into the waves, the lagoon offers an ideal launching place and a safe harbour to return to.
This gubernatorial race was especially significant in that it resulted in the first Asian American governor in the mainland United States (after George Ariyoshi of island state Hawaii), Democrat Gary Locke.
Though eligible for a second term, incumbent governor Mike Lowry chose not to run for reelection due to allegations of sexual harassment.
The Fender Stratocaster is a model of electric guitar designed from 1952 into 1954 by Leo Fender, Bill Carson, George Fullerton, and completed by Freddie Tavares.
The Stratocaster was the first Fender guitar to feature three pickups and a spring tension vibrato system, as well as being the first Fender with a contoured body.
The design featured a solid, deeply contoured ash body, a 21-fret one-piece maple neck with black dot inlays, and Kluson SafeTiPost tuning machines.
The color was originally a two-color, dark brown to golden yellow sunburst pattern, although custom color guitars were produced (most famously Eldon Shamblin's gold Stratocaster, dated 6/1954).
In 1960, the available custom colors were standardized with a paint chip chart, many of which were Duco automobile lacquer colors from DuPont available at an additional 5% cost.
A single-ply, eight-screw hole white pickguard (changed to an 11-hole three-ply in late 1959) held all electronic components except the recessed jack plate, facilitating assembly.
After 1965, the Fender company, under the control of CBS Instruments, saw a drop in quality control meaning lower quality build and lower grade instruments for customers.
Despite this, the popularity of Jimi Hendrix in the late 1960's saw a resurgence in sales due to his fondness for the instrument.
However, after 1974, the increased production of lower quality instruments by the company saw the advent of the Japanese entering the market to produce replicas of the pre-1966 Stratocasters.
Original Stratocasters were manufactured with five vibrato springs (three in late 1953 prototypes) attached to a milled inertia block and anchored to the back of the body.
In the floating position, players can move the bridge-mounted vibrato tremolo arm up or down to modulate the pitch of the notes being played.
As the average gauge has decreased over the years, modern Stratocasters are equipped with three springs as a stock option in order to counteract the reduced string tension.
Leo insisted it leave the factory floating (raised up in the back) while designer Freddie Tavares preferred it tightened flush for full bridge plate/body contact resonance.
Some players, such as Eric Clapton and Ronnie Wood, feel that the floating bridge has an excessive propensity to detune guitars and so inhibit the bridge's movement with a chunk of wood wedged between the bridge block and the inside cutout of the tremolo cavity, and by increasing the tension on the tremolo springs; these procedures lock the bridge in a fixed position.
There is considerable debate about the effects on tone and sustain of the material used in the vibrato system's 'inertia bar' and many aftermarket versions are available.
Guitarists soon discovered that by positioning the switch in between the first and second position, both the bridge and middle pickups could be selected, and similarly, the middle and neck pickups could be selected between the 2nd and 3rd position.
When two pickups are selected simultaneously, they are wired in parallel which leads to a slight drop in output as slightly more current is allowed to pass to the ground.
However in newer guitars, since the middle pickup is almost always wired in reverse (and with its magnets having opposite polarity), this configuration creates a spaced humbucking pair, which significantly reduces 50/60 cycle hum.
The neck and middle pickups are each wired to a tone control that incorporates a single, shared tone capacitor, whereas the bridge pickup, which is slanted towards the high strings for a more trebly sound, has no tone control for maximum brightness.
In the early 1960s, the instrument was also championed by Hank Marvin, guitarist for the Shadows, a band that originally backed Cliff Richard and then produced instrumentals of its own.
After the introduction of the Fender Stratocaster Ultra series in 1989, ebony was officially selected as a fretboard material on some models (although several Elite Series Stratocasters manufactured in 1983/84 such as the Gold and Walnut were available with a stained ebony fretboard).
In December 1965 the Stratocaster was given a broader headstock with altered decals to match the size of the Jazzmaster and the Jaguar.
When the Fender company was bought from CBS by a group of investors and employees headed by Bill Schultz in 1985, manufacturing resumed its former high quality and Fender was able to regain market share and brand reputation.
Dan Smith, with the help of John Page, proceeded to work on a reissue of the most popular guitars of Leo Fender's era.
These first few years (1982–1984) of reissues, known as American Vintage Reissues, are now high-priced collector's items and considered as some of the finest to ever leave Fender's Fullerton plant, which closed its doors in late 1984.
In 1985, Fender's US production of the Vintage reissues resumed into a new 14,000 square-foot factory at Corona, California, located about 20 miles away from Fullerton.
This was tailored to the demands of modern players, notably having a flatter fingerboard, a thinner neck profile and an improved tremolo system.
The model line received upgrades in 2000, when it was renamed as the American Series Stratocaster, and again in 2008, when the American Standard name was restored.
In 2017, the American Standard Stratocaster was replaced by the American Professional Stratocaster, with narrow frets, a fatter 'deep C' neck profile and V-Mod pickups.
As of 2019, these include the more affordable American Performer Stratocaster (successor to the Highway One and American Special Stratocasters) and the more expensive American Ultra Stratocaster.
Fender has also manufactured guitars in East Asia, notably Japan, and in Mexico, where the affordable 'Player' series guitars are built.
The Strat Plus was produced from 1987 to 1999 and was equipped with Lace Sensor pickups, a roller nut, locking tuners, a TBX tone control and a Hipshot tremsetter.
At the end of 2018, Luxottica operated 1,158 LensCrafters stores, of which 1,050 are located in North America and 108 are located in China and Hong Kong.
LensCrafters achieved sales of $2 million in its first year of operation before Butler sold the company to the United States Shoe Corporation in 1984.
LensCrafters had just three locations when U.S. Shoe purchased it; by 1989, there were 350 locations, and LensCrafters was generating 40% of U.S. Shoe's operating income.
In 1992, LensCrafters surpassed Pearle Vision to become the largest chain of eyeglass retailers in the United States, with roughly $660 million in annual revenue.
The parish of Nadadouro borders the popular tourist destination of the Lagoa de Óbidos which is a lagoon located in the municipalities Óbidos and Caldas da Rainha, Portugal.
Presidential candidates under its banner won every election from when military rule ended in 1990 until the conservative candidate Sebastián Piñera won the Chilean presidential election in 2010.
In 1987 General Augusto Pinochet, the de facto President of Chile, legalized political parties and called a plebiscite to determine whether or not he would remain in power.
Some Socialist factions were the last to join, because they were reluctant to work in the plebiscite, fearing election fraud by Pinochet.
However, in Chile's bicameral parliament, they had no majority in the Senate, a situation they found themselves in constantly for over 15 years.
This forced them to negotiate all law projects with the right-wing parties, the Unión Demócrata Independiente (UDI) and Renovación Nacional (RN) (later coalesced into the Alliance for Chile).
Frei was the son of Eduardo Frei Montalva, the founder of the Christian Democrat Party and himself a former President of Chile (1964–1970).
Gaining 57% of the votes, he defeated to the right-wing candidate, Arturo Alessandri Besa, becoming the third Christian Democrat president, and the second Coalition president.
In the same year, the Humanist Party, the Christian Left, and the Greens left the Coalition, accusing it of betraying the purpose for which it was born.
The Social Democrat Party and the Radical Party joined together to form the Social Democrat Radical Party, while the various former Socialist factions became part of the Socialist Party.
Frei's government faced two main problems: an economic crisis was raising the unemployment rate, and General Pinochet had been arrested in London.
However, since he got a plurality as opposed to a majority of the votes, a runoff vote was held, the first in Chilean history, in which Lagos won with 51% of the votes.
In 2005, two candidates were again proposed: the Christian Democrats' Soledad Alvear, a former Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Socialists' Michelle Bachelet, a former Minister of Defense.
However, in May 2005, after months of internal disputes regarding her party's directives, Alvear withdrew from the presidential race, deciding instead to run for senator in Santiago.
Bachelet therefore became the Coalition's candidate, and the second woman to run for Chilean President (the first being Communist leader Gladys Marín), competing with the UDI's Joaquín Lavín and RN's Sebastián Piñera.
On December 11, 2005, Bachelet won with 45% of the votes, but was forced to compete with Piñera in a runoff election.
In the same month, the coalition won 51.25% of the votes in the parliamentary elections, gaining 20 seats in the Senate and 65 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
In American higher education, particular to the state of New York, a statutory college or contract college is a college or school that is a component of an independent, private university that has been designated by the state legislature to receive significant, ongoing public funding from the state.
The statutory college is operated by the university on behalf of the state, with the mission of serving specific educational needs of the state.
New York's statutory colleges are administratively affiliated with the State University of New York (SUNY) system, and receive funding from SUNY's operating budget.
Another statutory college, the New York State College of Forestry, was founded at Cornell in 1898, only to be closed in 1903 when outcry over a pending lawsuit led Gov.
Two of Cornell's current statutory colleges — the NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the NYS College of Human Ecology — existed as non-state-supported colleges (as the College of Agriculture and the School of Home Economics, respectively) before state legislation was enacted to make each a state-supported entity.
The statutory colleges at Cornell grew out of Cornell's designation in 1865 as New York State's land grant college under the Morrill Act.
Under the Morrill Act, Cornell received land scrip based on the population of the state, and the proceeds formed the basis of Cornell's initial endowment.
Under the terms of the Cornell's 1865 charter from the Legislature, Cornell was obligated to teach agriculture, mechanical arts and military tactic.
By the 1890s, Cornell sought state funding to continue its mission in these areas, and the statutory colleges were formed as a vehicle for direct state funding.
In addition, around the start of the 20th century, new federal laws provided land-grant colleges (and their agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension services) with annual funding conditioned upon matching state funds.
As a result, almost all of Cornell's land grant duties were transferred to its four statutory colleges, which receive such state funds through the present.
For example, when private funding was sufficient to assure operation of the hotel administration program of the College of Home Economics, it was spun off as a separate School of Hotel Administration in 1950.
The New York State College of Ceramics (NYSCC) consists of the School of Art and Design, with its own dean, and four state-supported materials programs cross-organized within Alfred University's School of Engineering.
The unit head assists with budget preparation for the two aforementioned AU schools and the NYSCC-affiliated Scholes Library of Ceramics (part of the campuswide, unified AU library system), and acts in a liaison role to SUNY.
The School of Art and Design, technically a subunit of the College of Ceramics but autonomously run with its own dean, is further subdivided into divisions.
Alfred's School of Engineering (also autonomously run with its own dean) currently has four state-supported programs and two privately endowed programs.
The New York State College of Forestry was reestablished at Syracuse University (SU) in 1911, but was never technically a statutory college.
In 1948, with the establishment of the State University of New York, the College became a specialized, doctoral-degree granting institution within the multi-campus SUNY system.
In 1972, the College's name was changed to the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF); it remains administratively separate from Syracuse University.
The two institutions share a common schedule of courses, students at the both institutions may take courses at the other institution, and can apply for admission to concurrent degree and joint certificate programs.
ESF students take part in joint commencement exercises in May (and receive diplomas with the seals of both Syracuse University and ESF), and ESF students may participate in all SU student activities except NCAA Division I intercollegiate sports.
However, the five existing statutory colleges have been affiliated with SUNY since its inception in 1948 (but had no affiliation with any umbrella organization before 1948).
The State Education Law does give the SUNY Board of Trustees the following authority: the Trustees must formally approve Cornell's and Alfred's appointment of the deans/unit heads of the statutory colleges, and control of the level of state funding for the statutory colleges resides with SUNY.
Additionally, the Education Law does mandate a consultatory role for SUNY: the statutory college should consult with SUNY when it sets tuition rates.
However, Cornell and Alfred have interpreted this to mean that SUNY does not have the right to create novel policies for the statutory colleges that are not explicitly stated in the Education Law.
If there is a conflict between Cornell or Alfred and SUNY in regard to a policy or action that SUNY is requiring from Cornell or Alfred, it must be resolved by negotiation between the two parties, although there is the legal right of court appeal by either party if agreement cannot be reached.
The state finances the construction of buildings for the statutory college programs, and New York State owns those buildings as well as the land beneath those buildings.
Since statutory colleges at Cornell and Alfred receive significant state funding, tuition rates for statutory colleges and for endowed colleges are determined separately.
At times, statutory college students who take more than their allotted credit hours from endowed colleges were required to pay such fees themselves.
Similarly, at various times, a student who matriculates into a statutory college and later transfers to an endowed college has been required to pay the difference in tuition upon the transfer.
Statutory college employees are covered by a separate pension plan and have separate pay scales and fringe benefits than their endowed college counterparts.
Legally, they are private and nonprofit; Cornell and Alfred Universities are private, nonprofit institutions, a status which extends to all of these universities' components, which are not separate corporations.
An analogy to this relationship is a private, nonprofit health agency which, under contract with a government, regularly receives government money to operate a research institute; the whole private, nonprofit agency (including the research institute) still remains a private, nonprofit entity.
There are two state-supported university systems in New York State: the State University of New York (SUNY), which has degree-granting units throughout the state, and the City University of New York (CUNY), which only has degree-granting units in New York City.
In 1911, the state created the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York, now known as the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF) New York Consolidated Laws.
Additionally, there is the New York State Psychiatric Institute, a research facility of the New York State Office of Mental Health located at the Columbia University Medical Center in New York City.
It is not a statutory unit — it does not grant degrees, so it could not be called a college — despite being affiliated with Columbia's Medical Center and its Psychiatry Department.
The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) is a constituent school of Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), located in Rochester, New York.
NTID offers programs — frequently in conjunction with RIT's other colleges/schools — tailored to deaf and hard-of-hearing students, and also offers programs to students who are not necessarily hearing-impaired but who wish to assist hearing-impaired individuals.
Domestic (i.e., United States resident) students enrolled in NTID receive a reduced tuition rate which is both lower than RIT's regular tuition rate, as well as lower than the comparable tuition charged to NTID's International (i.e., non-US-resident) enrolled students.
NTID was created through US Federal enabling legislation enacted in 1965, and receives Federal funding to subsidize the lower, domestic tuition rate.
Outside of New York, the privately run Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) has a financial-arrangement structure that is somewhat similar to that found in New York’s statutory colleges.
This arrangement dates from 1969, and was fostered by the state of Texas realizing, at the time, that it needed more physicians, coupled with Baylor University's awareness of this need and its trying to help alleviate it.
Baylor University’s (BU's) medical school, which had been part of BU since 1903, became an autonomous entity in 1969 and adopted the aforementioned tuition dichotomy at that time.
The state of Texas’ support of BCM is just to allay the cost of tuition for in-state students, and the state does not assist BCM with significant ongoing funding for research or outreach/extension purposes.
The divestiture of BCM from BU was necessary to avoid legal conflicts which would ensue from a religiously affiliated BU accepting ongoing State funding.
MD candidates are admitted to either the Miami or Boca Raton programs and spend all four years studying on the selected campus.
One of these statutory colleges, United College, founded by a college merger in 1747, today exists as essentially a non-administrative entity kept for the sake of history and tradition.
The other statutory college, St Mary's College, was founded in 1538, and is coexistent with the University's Faculty and School of Divinity.
The title also refers to the year 334 AD, during the later years of the Roman Empire; numerous comparisons are made between the decline of Rome and the future of the United States.
There have been no dramatic disasters, but overpopulation has made housing and other resources scarce; the response is a program of compulsory birth control and eugenics.
A welfare state provides for basic needs through an all-encompassing agency called MODICUM, but there is an extreme class division between welfare recipients and professionals.
Included are the islands of Bougainville and Buka, which are part of Papua New Guinea and most of the islands within the nation of Solomon Islands.
Excluded are the eastern islands of the nation of Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands, which lie in the Vanuatu rain forests ecoregion together with the neighbouring archipelago of Vanuatu.
Both ecoregions are part of the Australasia ecozone, which also includes the neighbouring Bismarck Archipelago and New Guinea, as well as New Caledonia, Australia and New Zealand.
The rainforests of this region are under threat as the governments of both Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands rely on logging for revenue, plan to expand farm land and to develop roads.
The China National Aviation Corporation was a Chinese airline which was nationalized after the Communist Party of China took control in 1949 (as Civil Aviation Administration of China).
On 5 April 1929 the State Council of the Nationalist government of China based at Nanking established the Chinese National Aviation Corporation, a wholly owned government company with an authorized capital of ten million dollars, Chinese currency: Sun Fo, Minister of Railways and son of Sun Yat Sen served as its first president although the real power lay with the Minister of Communications, Wang Po-Chun.
Two weeks later on 17 April, the Nationalists entered into a service contract with an American firm, Aviation Exploration Inc which was to establish air routes between a few of the major Treaty ports and manage all operations.
Aviation Exploration Inc was a personal holding company of the U.S. aviation magnate Clement Melville Keys who at the same time was the president of Curtiss-Wright and a few other aviation firms.
This new Sino-American venture faced acute resistance from military factions in South China: warlords had their own small air forces which had ambitions to earn income from airmail service between the treaty ports.
Even more ominous was the opposition from Wang Po-chun the Minister of Communications; in July 1929 he went ahead and set up an airmail service owned entirely by his ministry.
Despite all the odds, on 21 October 1929 China Airways launched the airmail and passenger service with an inaugural flight from Shanghai to Hankow.
it continued to face overwhelming political and financial difficulties, not least from the Ministry of Communications which not only collected airmail revenue from its own service but from that of China Airways.
By the start of 1930 China Airways was at the point of bankruptcy and threatened to stop operations altogether unless the Ministry of Communications released its revenue.
An old China hand named Max Polin managed to broker a new deal between China Airways and the Ministry of Communication.
On 8 July the two rival airmail operators merged into a reconfigured China National Aviation Corporation, which thereafter was better known by its acronym, CNAC.
The Keys share in CNAC wound up in Intercontinent Aviation, another holding company that he had established in 1929 to handle foreign airline investments; by that stage Intercontinent itself had become part of North American Aviation, another firm founded by Keys in 1928.
Thomas Morgan was his successor as the head of Curtiss-Wright which through cross holdings ultimately controlled both North American and Intercontinent.
After a series of disastrous accidents and disagreements with Chinese leaders, Morgan decided to sell the 45 percent stake held by Intercontinent in CNAC to Pan American Airways: on 1 April 1933.
Initially, the Nationalists maintained contact with the outside world through the port of Hanoi in French Indo-China, but the Japanese put pressure on the new pro-Vichy regime there to cut off relations with them in 1940–41.
A CNAC aircraft was the first passenger aircraft in history to be destroyed by enemy forces, in the Kweilin Incident in August 1938.
By fall 1940, CNAC operated service from Chungking (via Kunming and Lashio) to Rangoon, Chengdu, Kiating (via Luchow and Suifu) and Hong Kong (via Kweilin).
On 8, 9 and 10 December 1941, eight American pilots of the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC) and their crews made a total of 16 trips between Kai Tak Airport in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong, then under attack from Japanese forces, and Chungking, the wartime capital of the Republic of China.
Together they made 16 sorties and evacuated 275 persons including Soong Ching-ling (the widow of Sun Yat-sen), and the Chinese Finance Minister H.H.
During World War II, CNAC was headquartered in India, and flew supplies from Assam, India, into Yunnan, southwestern China through the Hump Route over the Himalayas, after the Japanese blocked the Burma Road.
Despite the large casualties inflicted by the Japanese and more significantly, the ever-changing weather over the Himalayas, the logistics flights operated daily, year round, from April 1942 until the end of the war.
The CNAC was a smaller part of the overall re-supply operations which included the USAAF's India-China Division of Air Transport Command.
After World War II, in 1946, CNAC moved from India to Shanghai, specifically Longhua Airport, located on the western shore of the Huangpu River, 10 km from the center of Shanghai.
Apart from purchasing war surplus planes, CNAC had also acquired brand new Douglas DC-4s, to serve the route between Shanghai and San Francisco.
The downfall of CNAC's operations came on 9 November 1949, when managing director of CNAC, Colonel CY Liu, and general manager of CATC (Central Aviation Transport Corporation), Colonel CL Chen with a skeleton crew defected with 12 aircraft in unauthorized take-offs from Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport to Communist-controlled China.
The lead aircraft ( Convair 240) was welcomed with pomp and ceremony in Beijing, while the other 11 landed safely in Tianjin.
The remaining 71 aircraft in Hong Kong were sold by the Nationalists, who had retreated to the island of Taiwan, to the Delaware-registered Civil Air Transport Inc ( CAT) in an effort to save the aircraft from the Communists.
After a lengthy legal battle ( which went on appeal from Hong Kong to Privy Council in UK, as reported in 1951 Appeal Cases ) the planes were delivered by the Hong Kong government to CAT in 1952.
Served ashore in China or who were attached to any of the vessels that operated in support of the operations in China between 7 July 1937, and 7 September 1939.
176, dated 1 July 1942, are extended to include the services performed by personnel of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard during the operations in China subsequent to 2 September 1945, and until a terminal date to be designated.
Served ashore in China or were attached to any of the vessels that operated in support of operations in China between September 2, 1945 and April 1, 1957.
The medal will be awarded to individuals who shall have been attached to, present, and serving on permanent duty with an organization of the naval service of the United States credited by the Secretary of the Navy with having participated in operations in China.
Service In a passenger status, or as an observer, visitor, courier, escort, inspector, or other similar status when not permanently attached to an eligible unit, is not creditable toward eligibility for the above medal.
Services performed in the Asiatic-Pacific area between 3 September 1945 and 2 March 1946, inclusive, shall not be credited toward individual eligibility for the China Service Medal unless the individual is already eligible for the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal for services performed prior to 2 September 1945.
3.Organizations will, consistent with the above dates, be credited with qualifying service for services performed on shore in China and such adjacent islands and territories as are recognized to be Chinese, or in ships operating in such territorial waters or contiguous ocean areas, or in aircraft based upon and operating from such territories or ships.
The China Service Medal shall not be awarded for any service for which another service medal is authorized except as provided in paragraph 2 above and not more than one medal shall be awarded to any individual.
No clasps, distinguishing devices, or other insignia are authorized to be worn on the corresponding service ribbon except that Individuals to whom the medal has been or may be awarded for service performed under General Order No.
176, of 1 July 1942, shall upon becoming eligible for this award for service performed subsequent to 2 September 1945, wear a bronze star signifying the second award on the ribbon of the medal and on the service ribbon.
Regulations permit the wearing of a bronze service star if a service member had performed duty during both periods of eligibility.
Its main economic activities are leather goods industry, construction, agriculture, horticulture, livestock production, trade, but it is its cutlery industry that makes Santa Catarina known internationally.
Arlie Russell Hochschild (; born January 15, 1940) is an American professor emerita of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley and writer.
Each culture, she argues, provides us with prototypes of feeling which, like the different keys on a piano, attune us to different inner notes.
It is not that non-Czechs never feel litost, she notes; it is that they are not, in the same way, invited to lift out and affirm the feeling—instead of to disregard or suppress it.
In light of such feeling rules, we try to manage our feelings—i.e., we try to be happy at a party, or grief-stricken at a funeral.
In all of these ways—our experience of an interaction, our definition of feeling, our appraisal and management of feeling—feeling is social.
For example, in Hochschild writes of how flight attendants are trained to control passengers' feelings during times of turbulence and dangerous situations while suppressing their own fear or anxiety.
Bill collectors, too, are often trained to imagine debtors as lazy or dishonest, and so to feel suspicious and be intimidating.
Such jobs call on workers to manage grief and anguish vis-a-vis their own long-unseen children, spouses, and elderly parents, even as they try to feel—and genuinely do feel—warm attachment to the children and elders they daily care for in the North.
It was also not uncommon to hear nannies say, ‘I love the kids I take care of now more than my own.
Extending from the eldest daughter in a rural village who takes care of siblings while a mother cares for an employer's children in the city of a poor country to that employer's employer—and children—in a rich country, outsourcing care work creates a global care chain with a different emotional task at each link of it.
But the jobs they go out to and men they come home to haven't changed as rapidly or deeply as she has; that is the stall.
So working mothers end up doing the lion's share of the work—both emotional and physical—of tending the home, which leads her to feel resentment.
At the mall, they spend the money they’ve earned on objects that function as totems to a ‘potential self’ or hypothetical self – a self we would be if only we had time”.
Everyone, she argues, has a deep story -- and for many on the right, it reflects a keen sense of decline, the sting of scorn, and sense of being a stranger in one's own land.
Taken as a whole, Hochschild's work describes the many ways in which each individual self becomes a shock absorber of larger forces, and focuses on the impact of these forces on emotion.
Hochschild has received honorary doctoral degrees from Swarthmore College (U.S.,) Aalborg University (Denmark), the University of Oslo, (Norway), the University of Lapland, (Finland), Mount St. Vincent University, (Canada), Westminster University (U.S.) and University of Lausanne (Switzerland).
The things that we long to experience at home- pride in our accomplishments, laughter and fun, relationships that aren't complex- we sometimes experience most often in the office.
The bishop pine, Pinus muricata, is a pine with a very restricted range: mostly in California, including several offshore Channel Islands, and a few locations in Baja California, Mexico.
In San Luis Obispo County it is found alone or in stands scattered on the coastal mountains and hills from Morro Bay to Shell Beach.
Other English names that have occasionally been used are prickle cone pine, Obispo pine, Santa Cruz pine and dwarf marine pine.
The cones are strongly reflexed down the branch, 5–10 cm long; the scales are stiff, thin on the side of the cone facing the stem, but greatly thickened on the side facing away and with a stout 5–12 mm spine; both features adaptive to minimise squirrel predation and fire damage to the cones.
The dividing line between the two is very sharp, five miles (8 km) south of the boundary between Mendocino County and Sonoma County, California.
Experimental attempts to hybridize the two forms have consistently failed, indicating that their taxonomic relationship may be more distant than the very small differences in appearance would suggest.
Notable occurrences of bishop pine is in association with Mendocino cypress as a pygmy forest on coastal terraces in Mendocino County and Sonoma County, including one location within Salt Point State Park.
Wasps of the cosmopolitan genus Polistes (the only genus in the tribe Polistini) are the most familiar of the polistine wasps, and are the most common type of paper wasp in North America.
Their innate preferences for nest-building sites leads them to commonly build nests on human habitation, where they can be very unwelcome; although generally not aggressive, they can be provoked into defending their nests.
This social wasp is commonly referred to as the yellow paper wasp due to the distinct yellow bands found on its thorax and abdomen.
The nests are suspended from a surface by a petiole and are constructed from a paper-like substance made of a mix of saliva and wood fibres chewed off old and soft wood or dead twigs.
The wasps begin by fashioning a petiole, a short stalk which will connect the new nest to a substrate (often the eave of a house or outbuilding), and building a single brood cell at the end of it.
Eggs are laid by the foundress directly into the brood cells and are guarded by the foundress and the assisting females (if present).
After the first larvae hatch, the foundress feeds them via progressive provisioning, bringing softened caterpillar flesh to the larvae multiple times throughout their development (as opposed to the one-time provisioning seen in some other hymenopteran groups).
Each of this first seasonal brood of new paper wasps is exclusively female and destined to a subordinate worker position inside the nest; they do not found their own nests and instead assist their mother in the care and maintenance of future sisters.
Females may also adopt a more peaceful alternative reproduction strategy by joining the nest of a close relative (usually a sister) and working as assisting females.
The worker phase usually begins in the early summer, roughly two months after colony initiation, with the emergence of the first workers.
These new females take up most of the colony's work duties, foraging, caring for brood, and maintaining the structure of the nest.
Around this time, those females which assisted in nest foundation (if present) are driven from the nest by aggressive behavior on the part of the foundress, and leave either to start their own late-season nests or usurp another's.
These reproductives differ from their worker sisters by having increased levels of fat stores and cryoprotectant carbohydrate compounds (allowing them to survive the overwintering period).
Once male reproductives emerge and both males and females disperse from the natal nest for mating flights, the so-called intermediate phase begins.
Hamilton showed that animals such as workers could be expected to provide assistance to relatives such as their queens according to the costs and benefits involved (K) and their degree of genetic relatedness (r), and gave the rule that now carries his name, K > 1/r.
Arriving in 1979, the Asian paper wasp has established itself in both the North Island and the northern parts of the South Island.
Because it competes with native species (such as the kaka) for insects, nectar, and honeydew, it is a hindrance to conservation efforts.
Although these parasites differ in their host invasion strategies, their end goal is to successfully infiltrate the host nest and reproduce at the host's expense.
As of December 31, 2008, the Luxottica Group operated 2,286 stores worldwide, most of those as part of the Sunglass Hut brand.
Sunglass Hut stores are located in India, the United States, Mexico, Canada, the Caribbean, Brazil, continental Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa and the Middle East including Israel.
The first Sunglass Hut store opened in 1971 when optometrist Sanford L. Ziff set up in a freestanding kiosk in Miami's Dadeland Mall.
The success of this kiosk prompted Ziff to open other Sunglass Hut locations in Miami, and by 1986, Ziff had opened approximately 100 Sunglass Hut outlets, achieving sales of $24 million a year.
In February 2001, the Luxottica Group acquired Sunglass Hut, paying US$653 million including debt and taking possession of 1,300 Sunglass Hut stores, 430 Sunglass Hut-Watch Station combination stores, and 228 stores that operated under either the Watch Station or Watch World banner.
Sunglass Hut operates 2,000 retail outlets in 20 countries: 1,562 in North America, 157 in Australia, 44 in New Zealand, 15 in Asia, 123 in South Africa, 81 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 33 in the Middle East, and 35 in India.
In May 2018, Sunglass Hut signed an agreement to bring their brand to Bass Pro Shops and Cabela's stores and e-commerce platforms offering a selection of premium sports and performance brands dedicated to outdoor sports.
The main focus was the King of the Ring tournament which was previously held annually from 1985 to 1991, with the exception of 1990.
King of the Ring was a tri-branded tournament, also featuring ECW wrestlers, in 2008 and a non-branded tournament in 2015 (the original brand extension ended in 2011).
There were also other matches that took place at the King of the Ring event since it was a traditional three-hour pay-per-view.
Theosebia, also known as Theosebia the Deaconess, was a 4th-century Christian leader, who is honored as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Some historians supposed Theosebia was the wife of Gregory of Nyssa, others suppose she was one of his sisters like Macrina the Younger.
This, combined with Nazianzen's statement that Theosebia was buried by the other Gregory in the aforementioned letter, suggest that she was indeed either Gregory of Nyssa's wife or sister, whose funeral he would have been obliged to oversee.
He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal for the constituency of Thunder Bay—Nipigon in the 1980 federal election, and served as the parliamentary secretary to the Minister of State (Mines) and the Minister of Communications in the final government of Pierre Trudeau.
OPSM (Optical Prescription Spectacle Makers) is a retailer of eye glasses in Australia and New Zealand, with locations in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia as well.
At that time the company operated 461 stores under three brands (OPSM, Laubman & Pank, Budget Eyewear) in Australia, 35 stores in New Zealand (where they were market leader), 75 stores in Hong Kong and 12 in Singapore (under the Optical Shop brand), and 12 in Malaysia.
In July 2003, the Italian Luxottica Group purchased all OPSM shares and in February 2005 it delisted OPSM Group shares from the Australian Stock Exchange.
The group was acquired by OPSM in 2001 and is now run by Luxottica, the world's biggest eye care and eye wear conglomerate.
Wilhelm von Kaulbach (15 October 1805 in Bad Arolsen, Waldeck – 7 April 1874) was a German painter, noted mainly as a muralist, but also as a book illustrator.
The family was so poor that he and his sister were glad to accept even stale bread from the peasantry in exchange for the father's engravings.
But means were found to place Wilhelm, a youth of seventeen, in the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts, to which the sculptor Rauch had obtained him admission.
But his courage never failed; and, uniting genius with industry, he was soon foremost among the young national party which sought to revive the arts of Germany.
The ambitious work by which Ludwig I of Bavaria sought to transform Munich into a German Athens afforded the young painter an appropriate sphere.
Cornelius had been commissioned to execute the enormous frescoes in the Glyptothek, and his custom was in the winters, with the aid of Kaulbach and others, to complete the cartoons at Düsseldorf, and in the summers, accompanied by his best pupils, to carry out the designs in colour on the museum walls in Munich.
Kaulbach, not yet twenty, followed, took up his permanent residence in Munich, worked hard on the public works, executed independent commissions, and in 1849, when Cornelius left for Berlin, succeeded to the directorship of the academy, an office which he held till his death.
Kaulbach matured, after the example of the masters of the Middle Ages, the practice of mural or monumental decoration; he once more conjoined painting with architecture, and displayed a creative fertility and readiness of resource scarcely found since the era of Raphael and Michelangelo.
The king of Saxony now offered him the direction of the academy of Dresden, with a salary of 2,000 thalers; but Kaulbach preferred to remain in Munich, although he received only 800 florins from the king of Bavaria.
These works, together with occasional figures or passages in complex pictorial dramas, show how dominant and irrepressible were the artists sense of satire and enjoyment of fun; character in its breadth and sharpness is depicted with keenest relish, and at times the sardonic smile bursts into the loudest laugh.
Kaulbach tried hard to become Grecian and Italian; but he never reached Phidias or Raphael; in short the blood of Dürer, Holbein and Martin Schöngauer ran strong in his veins.
The art products in Munich during the middle of the 19th century were of a quantity to preclude first-rate quality, and Kaulbach contracted a fatal facility in covering wall and canvas by the acre.
Having hitherto worked almost exclusively in fresco, he spent some time in Venice and a year in Rome to prepare himself for painting the cartoon in oil for the new Pinakothek, completing it in 1846.
About the same time he commenced his famous designs illustrative of the history of mankind for the Neues Museum at Berlin, which were executed by his pupils and completed in 1860.
These major tableaux, severally 30 feet long, and each comprising over one hundred figures above life-size, were surrounded by minor compositions making more than twenty in all.
The idea was to congregate around the world's historic dramas the prime agents of civilization; thus here were assembled allegoric figures of Architecture and other arts, of Science and other kingdoms of knowledge, together with lawgivers from the time of Moses, not forgetting Frederick the Great.
With regard to these examples of the Munich school, it was asserted that Kaulbach had been unfortunate alike in having found Cornelius for a master and King Ludwig for a patron, that he attempted subjects far beyond him, believing that his admiration for them was the same as inspiration; and supplied the lack of real imagination by a compound of intellect and fancy.
As a dramatic poet he tells the story, depicts character, seizes on action and situation, and thus as it were takes the spectator by storm.
The cartoon, which, as usual in German art of the time, is superior to the ultimate picture, was executed in the artist's prime at the age of thirty.
At this period, as here seen, the knowledge was little short of absolute; subtle is the sense of beauty; playful, delicate, firm the touch; the whole treatment artistic.
Maximilianeum, Munich, evinces wonted imagination and facility in composition; the handling also retains its largeness and vigour; but in this astounding scenic uproar moderation and the simplicity of nature are thrown to the winds, and the whole atmosphere is hot and feverish.
And yet this scholastically compounded art is so nicely adjusted and smoothly blended that it casts off all incongruity and becomes homogeneous as the issue of one mind.
But the public craved change; and so in later years Kaulbach's popularity declined, and he had to witness, not without inquietude, the rise of an opposing party of naturalism and realism.
In a broader sense, an office holder's family and descendants as well as country families who claimed such descent were socially accepted as yangban.
Unlike noble titles in the European and Japanese aristocracies, which were conferred on a hereditary basis, the bureaucratic position of Yangban was granted by law to Yangban who passed state-sponsored civil service exams called gwageo ().
Upon passing these exams—which tested knowledge of the Confucian classics and history—several times, Yangban was usually assigned to a government post.
It was superficially decided that a yangban family that did not produce a government official for more than three generations could lose its status and become commoners.
In theory, a member of any social class except indentured servants, baekjeongs (Korean untouchables), and children of concubines could take the government exams and become a yangban.
In reality, only the upper classes—i.e., the children of yangban—possessed the financial resources and the wherewithal to pass the exams, for which years of studying were required.
These barriers and financial constraints effectively excluded most non-yangban families and the lower classes from competing for yangban status, just like scholar-officials in China.
It was customary to include all descendants of the office holders in the hyangan (), a document that listed the names and lineages of local yangban families.
The hyangan was maintained on blood basis, and one could be cut off from it if members of the family married social inferiors, such as tradesmen.
Although the hyangan was not legally supported by government acts or statutes, the families listed in it were socially respected as yangban.
Their householders had the customary right to participate in the hyangso (향소, 鄕所), a local council from which they could exercise influence on local politics and administration.
By reserving and demanding socio-political power through local instruments such as hyangan and hyangso, yangban automatically passed down their status to posterity in local magnate families, with or without holding central offices.
Thus, while legally, yangban meant high-ranking officials, in reality it included almost all descendants of the former and increasingly lost its legal exactitude.
In today's Korea, the yangban legacy of patronage based on common educational experiences, teachers, family backgrounds, and hometowns continues in some forms, officially and unofficially.
In South Korea, the practice exists among the upper class and power elite, where patronage among the conglomerates tends to predictably follow blood, school, and hometown ties.
As more of the population aspired to become yangban and gradually succeeded in doing so in the late Joseon period by purchasing the yangban status, the privileges and splendor the term had inspired slowly vanished.
With the succession of the Yi generals in the Joseon dynasty, prior feuds and factions were quelled through a decisive attempt to instill administrative organization throughout Korea and create a new class of agrarian bureaucrats.
The yangban, like the Mandarins before them, dominated the Royal Court and military of pre-Modern Korea and often were exempt from laws including those relating to taxes.
Competition that was originally supposed to bring out the best in each candidate gave way to the importance of familial relationships.
Because the Joseon Court was constantly divided among the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western faction members (the eccentric geographical naming derived from the location of each leader's house in Seoul which were divided into subsections), a divided system resulted where corruption was very difficult.
With each faction constantly probing for an excuse to kill off the other, if one faction was proven to be corrupt then the other factions would immediately jump on the chance to purge them.
It wasn't until the reign of King Sunjo that the Kim clan of Andong in cooperation with few other blood related grandee clans obtained full control over the court — after purging their rival factions and other rival clans in their own political faction the Joseon bureaucracy degenerated into corruption.
From the sixteenth century and increasingly during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, high-ranking offices were monopolized by a few grandee families based in Seoul or the Han River Valley, therefore blocking any chance of gaining high-ranking posts by many provincial families of pedigree.
Nearly all yangban of upper-high ranking grandee to lower-ranking provincial landlord status suddenly lost their ancient political, social and economic power during the twentieth century.
Subsequently their political and administrative role was replaced by Japanese colonial government and its administrators, although some yangban maintained their wealth and power by cooperating with the Japanese.
When South Korea began its new government after the war, yangban were mostly extinct and powerless, which is one reason the South Korean government was relatively free from landed interests.
He made this decision to bring them back to start the government off on a good footing, by using those who were already familiar with lawmaking and administration.
In modern-day Korea, the yangban as a social class with legal status and landed wealth, no longer exists, in the north or the south.
Though these claims may have some merit, such references are not usually intended to suggest any real yangban lineage or ancestry.
Today, the yangban have been replaced by the Korean ruling class, i.e., an elite class of business and government elites, who dominate the country through their wealth, power and influence channeled through their familial and social networks.
The word is also used, at least in South Korea, as a common reference (sometimes with distinctly negative connotations, reflecting the negative impression the class system and its abuses left on Koreans as a whole) to an older, sometimes cantankerous/stubborn man.
Pyongyang International Airport , also known as the Pyongyang Sunan International Airport, is the main airport serving Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea.
As of March 2019, Air China and Air Koryo are servicing Pyongyang International Airport and the two destination countries from Pyongyang International Airport are China and Russia.
A second airport, Mirim Airport, was also built by the forces of the empire of Japan in the 1940s and located east of the Taedong River.
Russian Sky Airlines operated charter services to Pyongyang from Russian destinations during the mid 2000s operated by Il-62M and Il-86 aircraft China Southern Airlines offered scheduled charter flights to and from Beijing during the peak season only, and permanently pulled its flights in October 2006.
In March 2008, Air China re-established service to Beijing on a Boeing 737, three days a week, and suspended due to lack of demand on 22 November 2017.
Air Koryo, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines also provided chartered flight services to Seoul and Yangyang on the east coast of South Korea from Pyongyang.
These flights were used by Korean family members visiting divided family across the border; these services were halted after the ending of the Sunshine Policy by South Korea in 2008.
Amenities include a duty-free store, coffee bar, newsstand and Internet room (snackbar, pharmacy, CD shop (audio and video DVD), electronics shop have since been added).
During the construction period a hangar like structure served the airport with basic services (baggage carousel), as well as duty-free shop, bookshop/souvenir shop.
In addition, Sunan Station located on the Pyongui Line of Korean State Railway is located away from the Pyongyang airport terminal building.
She was built by Carrington Slipways at its Ramsay Fibreglass facility in Tomago, New South Wales, launched on 20 June 1987 and commissioned on 10 October 1987.
Following her sale, the ship was refitted with her engines replaced by Napier Deltic diesel engines, stabilisers being fitted and air conditioning added to better suit the ship for Australian service.
Her first tour took place between May 1964 and January 1965, with a second tour lasting from September 1965 to August 1966.
In the case of Catalonia, the Spanish Civil War and Franco's crackdown put an end to it, and in the case of East and West Germany, reunification led to their amalgamation into a single German side.
In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.
She was launched on 3 April 1943 by Mrs. J. J. Dedman, wife of the Minister for War Organisation, and commissioned into the RAN on 7 August 1943.
Located within the Shire of Northern Grampians local government area, it is a seat of local government for the shire and its main administrative centre.
It was founded in 1853 as Pleasant Creek during the Victorian gold rush and is one of few towns in Victoria retaining an active gold mining industry.
William McLachlan discovered alluvial gold at Pleasant Creek in May 1853, but the yield was not in sufficient volumes to attract much interest, as the Ballarat and Bendigo fields were known to be giving better results, and had already established the infrastructure to support the miners.
The mining population of the Stawell field remained relatively small (averaging 200 or less) until 1857 when a series of new alluvial gold discoveries were made.
The prospecting spread to nearby Deep Lead, about 6 kilometres to northwest, and it was reported that at the height of the rush there were over 25,000 people in the area.
The former Free Library and Mechanics Institute building at 170 Main Street was constructed in 1874 to the design of Stawell architect, George Inskip.
The building has served as the location of the Mechanics Institute, School of Design (later School of Mines) and the Borough Library.
The town's water supply system was designed by John D'Alton in 1875, diverting water from Fyan's Creek by tunnels and pipelines, construction was completed in 1881.
The formally recognised Traditional Owners for the area in which Stawell sits, north east of the Horsham and Ararat roads, are the Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagik Nations.
In the area of Stawell that is south-west of Horsham and Ararat roads Traditional Owners have not yet been formally recognised.
Stawell is also the main administrative centre for the council, with its customer service administration facility located at the Stawell Town Hall.
The LGA was created in 1994 as an amalgamation of a number of other municipalities in the region and currently consists of 4 wards, each represented by one to three councillors elected once every four years by postal voting.
In state politics, Stawell is located in the Legislative Assembly electoral district of Ripon, currently held by Louise Staley (Liberal Party).
The economy of Stawell is sustained by the mining, agriculture, manufacturing, retail and tourism industries; the upcoming addition of the only neutrino observatory in the southern hemisphere, the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory in a transitioning gold mine, represents a significant shift.
Stawell is the closest large town to the Grampians National Park, and as such plays a large role in regional tourism.
The town is at the junction of several major roads, the most significant being the Western Highway which bypasses the centre of town along Longfield Street linking it to the cities of Ararat, Ballarat and Melbourne in the east and the cities of Horsham and Adelaide to the west.
Other significant roads include the Grampians Road (C216) used by many tourists on their journey to and from Halls Gap in the south west; Pomonal Road (C221) connecting it with the town of Pomonal to the south; Donald-Stawell Road (C238); and Navarre Road (C221) connecting it to the town of Navarre to the north.
As at December, 2019, it operates twice weekly; on Mondays, and Fridays for Melbourne and on Tuesdays and Saturdays for Adelaide.
Along with the Stawell Gift, run each Easter long weekend by the Stawell Athletic Club, Stawell also has many other sporting outlets and teams.
The town has a main Australian rules football club, the Stawell Warriors, competing in the Wimmera Football League, and another team, the Stawell Swifts, competing in the Horsham & District Football League.
The horse racing club, the Wimmera Racing Club, schedules around four race meetings a year at Stawell including the Stawell Cup meeting on Easter Sunday.
Golfers play at the course of the Grange Golf Club on the Western Highway, Stawell, or at the course of the Stawell Golf Club on Marnoo Road.
Dees graduated from Greensboro's Grimsley High School and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a bachelor's degree in motion pictures, TV, and radio.
He worked for various radio stations throughout the southeastern United States, including WCAR (now known as WXYC) in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, WSGN in Birmingham, Alabama, and WKIX in Raleigh, North Carolina.
While this platinum recording earned him a People's Choice Award for Favorite New Song, and the BMI Award for record sales in one year, Dees was expressly forbidden from playing the song on the air by station management (rival stations refused to play it for fear of promoting their competition).
The duck vocals were recorded at Shoestring Productions in Memphis, Tennessee by Ken Pruitt, who moved away before the song became popular, and the vocals for the duck were done by Michael Chesney of Memphis for the concert tour.
After a 45-day non-compete clause in his contract was satisfied, Dees was hired by RKO Radio to do the morning show at WHBQ AM 560 in Memphis.
The success of Dees at their Memphis radio station, combined with his TV appearances and hit music, motivated station owner RKO General to offer Rick the morning radio show in Los Angeles at 93KHJ AM.
In a short time, he turned KIIS-FM into the #1 revenue-generating radio station in America, with an asset value approaching half a billion dollars.
After 23 years on radio station KIIS-FM, Dees left in 2004 because of a contract dispute, and he was replaced by Ryan Seacrest.
On April 15, 2009, Movin 93.9 changed format, dismissing its radio personalities and changing the format to Spanish contemporary music after a leasing of the station to Mexico City business Grupo Radio Centro.
Dees has garnered many accolades, including the Marconi Award, induction into both the National Radio Hall of Fame, and the National Association of Broadcasters Hall Of Fame.
He is an inductee in the North Carolina Music Hall Of Fame, the Tennessee Radio Hall Of Fame, has received the Billboard Radio Personality Of The Year award for 10 consecutive years, received a People's Choice Award, and has been awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Pure Prairie League is an American country rock band whose origins go back to 1965 and Waverly, Ohio, with singer and guitarist Craig Fuller, drummer Tom McGrail, guitarist and drummer Jim Caughlan and steel guitar artist John David Call.
The band was revived in 1998 and again in 2004 and as of 2019 continues to perform over 100 concerts a year in venues across the nation.
Although the band has its roots in Waverly, it was actually formed in Columbus, Ohio, and had its first success in Cincinnati.
Craig Fuller, Tom McGrail, Jim Caughlan and John David Call had played together in various bands since high school, notably the Vikings, the Omars, the Sacred Turnips and the Swiss Navy.
In 1970 the first solid Pure Prairie League lineup was Fuller, McGrail, singer/songwriter/guitarist George Ed Powell (a popular Cincinnati folk singer), Phil Stokes (bassist in Columbus bands Sanhedrin Move and J.D.
Blackfoot) and Robin Suskind (a popular guitar teacher in the University of Cincinnati neighborhood) on guitar and mandola, with John David Call joining the band later that year.
Call's steel guitar added country credibility to the band's playlist and sparked guitar duels with Fuller that created the signature sound of the band.
In mid-1971 McGrail and Stokes left the band to rehearse with Bill Bartlett (Lemon Pipers, Beechwood Farm, RamJam), but were unable to put a viable band together.
Jim Caughlan, who had played guitar and drums with Fuller, Call and McGrail in earlier bands, took over on drums and Jim Lanham from California, formerly of Country Funk, replaced Stokes on bass.
Early on, the Pure Prairie League was looking for national artist representation and they made contact with a well-known Cleveland-based rock and roll promoter, Roger Abramson.
After releasing their debut album (recorded in New York City) in March 1972 and embarking on a nationwide tour, Call, Caughlan and Lanham all left the band.
At that point, Pure Prairie League owed RCA another album and Craig Fuller agreed to record the second record in RCA's Toronto studio with the help of George Ed Powell and Bob Ringe (who had also produced the first album).
Billy Hinds from Cincinnati (drums, percussion) joined the band and Hinds's friend, Michael Connor, played piano on most of the sessions and would become a regular in the Pure Prairie League line-up for years to come.
Michael Reilly, who would become the longtime bass player and front man for the band, joined in early September 1972, soon after the record was completed.
status could be arranged, he was sentenced to six months in jail and forced to leave Pure Prairie League in February 1973.
Reilly took over as the band's leader and brought in his friend Larry Goshorn (vocals, guitars) to replace Fuller in November 1973.
In 1978 there was a mass exodus as the Goshorns left to form their own group, The Goshorn Brothers, and Powell, the last remaining original member, retired from the road to run his pig farm in Ohio.
But the group soldiered on as Reilly quickly brought in temporary members, California country rocker Chris Peterson (vocals, guitar) and the group's soundman, Jeff Redefer (guitar), to play a few shows until new, permanent players could be located.
Casablanca Records, who at this time was trying to play down its reputation as primarily a disco label, signed Pure Prairie League and other non-dance acts to its roster in 1980.
Despite the lack of a recording contract, the group still found itself in demand as a live act and played in clubs and at outdoor festivals.
Tim Goshorn returned in 1982 and Mike Hamilton (vocals, guitars, from Kenny Loggins' band) also joined the same year and was there for 6 months (until mid-1982).
Al Garth (vocals, woodwinds, fiddle, keyboards), another Loggins alumnus (Loggins & Messina, also Poco and Nitty Gritty Dirt Band), joined as well, from 1982 to 1985.
He was first succeeded by Merel Bregante (also ex-Loggins & Messina and Nitty Gritty Dirt Band) and then by Joel Rosenblatt (1985–1986) and Steve Speelman (ex-Steele) (1986–1988).
Sax player Dan Clawson took over for Garth in 1985 and Gary Burr (vocals, guitars) was there from 1984 to 1985.
1985 also saw the return of the group's co-founder Craig Fuller (who had fronted the groups American Flyer and Fuller/Kaz in the mid-to-late '70s after he'd returned to music).
It featured guest appearances from many of the band's alumni, including Gill, Powell, the Goshorns, Call, Burr, Rosenblatt and Mike Hamilton.
Fuller, who had already joined a reformed Little Feat in 1987, played with Pure Prairie League for their final shows in the spring of 1988.
A decade later (in 1998), Pure Prairie League was back with a lineup of Fuller, Connor, Reilly, Burr, Fats Kaplin (pedal steel guitar, mandolin, banjo, fiddle, accordion, washboard) and Rick Schell (vocals, drums, percussion).
The group began work on a new album in 2002, yet abandoned the sessions and separated again after Schell became busy with other projects.
In May 2007, Reilly appeared at a few shows and played guitar yet was unable to come back full-time until 2008.
John David Call played some concerts in 2006 & 2007, standing in for Kaplin, and returned to the band full-time in June 2010.
As of May 2011, it was announced, via the Pure Prairie League website, that Fuller would not be appearing at all of the band's shows that year since he decided to take a break from touring.
On February 10, 2012, at The Syndicate in Newport, Kentucky, Fuller, his son Patrick, Tommy McGrail, and George Ed Powell (a frequent guest at their Ohio shows in recent years) took to the stage to join the current Pure Prairie League lineup of John David Call, Mike Reilly, Rick Schell and Donnie Lee Clark.
In May 2012, Scott Thompson (vocals, drums, percussion) replaced Rick Schell, who departed to continue to grow his real estate business.
Former member Tim Goshorn died on April 15, 2017, at age 62 at his home in Williamstown, Kentucky after a bout with cancer.
Fluorophores are sometimes used alone, as a tracer in fluids, as a dye for staining of certain structures, as a substrate of enzymes, or as a probe or indicator (when its fluorescence is affected by environmental aspects such as polarity or ions).
More generally they are covalently bonded to a macromolecule, serving as a marker (or dye, or tag, or reporter) for affine or bioactive reagents (antibodies, peptides, nucleic acids).
Fluorophores are notably used to stain tissues, cells, or materials in a variety of analytical methods, i.e., fluorescent imaging and spectroscopy.
Newer generations of fluorophores, many of which are proprietary, often perform better, being more photostable, brighter, and/or less pH-sensitive than traditional dyes with comparable excitation and emission.
The absorbed wavelengths, energy transfer efficiency, and time before emission depend on both the fluorophore structure and its chemical environment, as the molecule in its excited state interacts with surrounding molecules.
Wavelengths of maximum absorption (≈ excitation) and emission (for example, Absorption/Emission = 485 nm/517 nm) are the typical terms used to refer to a given fluorophore, but the whole spectrum may be important to consider.
The excitation wavelength spectrum may be a very narrow or broader band, or it may be all beyond a cutoff level.
The emission spectrum is usually sharper than the excitation spectrum, and it is of a longer wavelength and correspondingly lower energy.
Excitation energies range from ultraviolet through the visible spectrum, and emission energies may continue from visible light into the near infrared region.
Most fluorophores are organic small molecules of 20 - 100 atoms (200 - 1000 Dalton - the molecular weight may be higher depending on grafted modifications, and conjugated molecules), but there are also much larger natural fluorophores that are proteins: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is 27 kDa and several phycobiliproteins (PE, APC...) are ≈240kDa.
Based on molecular complexity and synthetic methods, fluorophore molecules could be generally classified into four categories: proteins and peptides, small organic compounds, synthetic oligomers and polymers, and multi-component systems.
Fluorescent proteins GFP (green), YFP (yellow) and RFP (red) can be attached to other specific proteins to form a fusion protein, synthesized in cells after transfection of a suitable plasmid carrier.
Additionally, various functional groups can be present to alter its properties, such as solubility, or confer special properties, such as boronic acid which binds to sugars or multiple carboxyl groups to bind to certain cations.
When the dye contains an electron-donating and an electron-accepting group at opposite ends of the aromatic system, this dye will probably be sensitive to the environment's polarity (solvatochromic), hence called environment-sensitive.
Often dyes are used inside cells, which are impermeable to charged molecules, as a result of this the carboxyl groups are converted into an ester, which is removed by esterases inside the cells, e.g., fura-2AM and fluorescein-diacetate.
Fluorophores have particular importance in the field of biochemistry and protein studies, e.g., in immunofluorescence but also in cell analysis, e.g.
However, in 685, when Ecgfrith was killed at the battle of Nechtansmere, Aldfrith was recalled to Northumbria, reportedly from the Hebridean island of Iona, and became king.
His reign saw the creation of works of Hiberno-Saxon art such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Codex Amiatinus, and is often seen as the start of Northumbria's golden age.
By the year 600, most of what is now England had been conquered by invaders from the continent, including Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
Bernicia and Deira, the two Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the north of England, were first united under a single ruler in about 605 when Æthelfrith, king of Bernicia, extended his rule over Deira.
The combined kingdom became known as the kingdom of Northumbria: it stretched from the River Humber in the south to the River Forth in the north.
He became a fluent speaker of Old Irish, and may have married a princess of the Uí Néill dynasty, probably Fín the daughter (or possibly granddaughter) of Colmán Rímid.
He was probably thus a cousin or nephew of the noted scholar Cenn Fáelad mac Aillila, and perhaps a nephew of Bishop Finan of Lindisfarne.
The relationship between Aldfrith's father and mother was not considered a lawful marriage by Northumbrian churchmen of his day, and he is described as the son of a concubine in early sources.
Oswald and Oswiu returned to Northumbria after Edwin's death in 633, and between them they ruled for much of the middle of the 7th century.
Oswiu's overlordship was ended in 658 by the rise of Wulfhere of Mercia, but his reign continued until his death in 670, when Ecgfrith, one of his sons by his second wife, Eanflæd, succeeded him.
Ecgfrith was unable to recover Oswiu's position in Mercia and the southern kingdoms, and was defeated by Wulfhere's brother Æthelred in a battle on the River Trent in 679.
Ecgfrith sent an army under his general, Berht, to Ireland in 684 where he ravaged the plain of Brega, destroying churches and taking hostages.
The raid may have been intended to discourage support for any claim Aldfrith might have to the throne, though other motives are possible.
He had two full brothers: Alhfrith, who is not mentioned after 664, and Ælfwine, who was killed at the battle on the Trent in 679.
She therefore understood him to speak of [Aldfrith], who was said to be the son of her father, and was then, on account of his love of literature, exiled to the Scottish islands.
Cuthbert, later considered a saint, was a second cousin of Aldfrith (according to Irish genealogies), which may have been the reason for his proposal as monarch.
Ecgfrith was killed during a campaign against his cousin, the King of the Picts Bridei map Beli, at a battle known as Nechtansmere to the Northumbrians, in Pictish territory north of the Firth of Forth.
Bede recounts that Queen Eormenburh and Cuthbert were visiting Carlisle that day, and that Cuthbert had a premonition of the defeat.
Ecgfrith's death threatened to break the hold of the descendants of Æthelfrith on Northumbria, but the scholar Aldfrith became king and the thrones of Bernicia and Deira remained united.
It has also been suggested that Aldfrith's ascent was eased by support from Dál Riata, the Uí Néill, and the Picts, all of whom might have preferred the mature, known quantity of Aldfrith to an unknown and more warlike monarch, such as Ecgfrith or Oswiu had been.
Subsequently, a battle between the Northumbrians and the Picts in which Berht was killed is recorded by Bede and the Irish annals in 697 or 698.
Aldfrith ruled both Bernicia and Deira throughout his reign, but the two parts remained distinct, and would again be divided by the Vikings in the late 9th century.
The centre of Bernicia lay in the region around the later Anglo-Scottish border, with Lindisfarne, Hexham, Bamburgh, and Yeavering being important religious and royal centres.
Even after Ecgfrith's death, Bernicia included much of modern southeast Scotland, with a presumed royal centre at Dunbar, and religious centres at Coldingham and Melrose.
The details of the early Middle Ages in northwest England and southwest Scotland are more obscure, but a Bishop of Whithorn is known from shortly after Aldfrith's reign.
Northumbria's southern frontier with Mercia ran across England, from the Humber in the east, following the River Ouse and the River Don, to the Mersey in the west.
Some archaeological evidence, the Roman Rig dyke, near modern Sheffield, appears to show that it was a defended border, with large earthworks set back from the frontier.
The Nico Ditch, to the south of modern Manchester, has been cited in this context, though it has also been argued that it was simply a boundary marker without fortifications.
In the far north, the evidence is less clear, and it appears that authority lay with sub-kings, perhaps including native British rulers.
Churchmen were not only figures of spiritual authority, they were major landowners, who also controlled trade, centred at major churches and monasteries in a land without cities and towns.
The bishopric of Lindisfarne was held by Cuthbert at Aldfrith's accession; Cuthbert was succeeded by the Irish-educated Eadberht, who would later be Abbot of Iona and bring the Easter controversy to an end, and then by Eadfrith, creator of the Lindisfarne Gospels.
The bishops of Lindisfarne sometimes held the see of Hexham, but during Aldfrith's reign it was held by John of Beverley, a pupil and protégé of Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The short-lived see at Abercorn, created in 681 for Bishop Trumwine, collapsed in the period after Ecgfrith's death and the first known Bishop of Whithorn was appointed in the reign of King Ceolwulf.
Important monasteries existed at Whitby, where the known abbesses tended to be members of the Deiran royal family, at Monkwearmouth-Jarrow, where Bede was a monk, and at Ripon.
Aldfrith appears to have had the support of leading ecclesiastics, most notably his half-sister Ælfflæd and the highly respected Bishop Cuthbert.
He is known to have received confirmation at the hands of Aldhelm, later the Bishop of Sherborne in the south-western Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex.
Aldfrith also owned a manuscript on cosmography, which (according to Bede) he purchased from Abbot Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow in exchange for an estate valued at eight hides.
In the 680s Aldfrith twice met with Adomnán, who came to seek the release of the Irish captives taken in Berht's expedition of 684.
Bede described Aldfrith as a scholar, and his interest in learning distinguishes him from the earlier Anglo-Saxon warrior kings, such as Penda.
It implies a degree of learning and wisdom that led historian Peter Hunter Blair to compare Aldfrith to the Platonic ideal of the philosopher king.
Bede also makes it clear that the church in Aldfrith's day was less subject to lay control of monasteries, a practice he dated from the time of Aldfrith's death.
Wilfrid, the bishop of York, had been exiled by Ecgfrith for his role in persuading Ecgfrith's wife, Æthelthryth, to remain a saintly celibate.
Aldfrith's relations with Wilfrid were stormy; the hostility between the two was partly caused by Aldfrith's allegiances with the Celtic Church, a consequence of his upbringing in exile.
When Wilfrid returned from exile the reconciliation with Aldfrith did not include Aldfrith's support for Wilfrid's attempts to recover his episcopal authority over the whole of the north.
Wilfrid's hagiographer writes:For a while all would be peace between the wise King Aldfrith and our holy bishop, and a happier state of affairs could hardly be imagined.
And so they continued for years, in and out of friendship with each other, till finally their quarrels came to a head and the king banished Wilfrid from Northumbria.
In 702 or 703, Aldfrith convened a council at Austerfield, on the southern border of Northumbria, which was attended by Berhtwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, and many bishops.
According to Stephen of Ripon, King Aldfrith offered to use his army to pressure Wilfrid into accepting the decision, but the bishops reminded him that he had promised Wilfrid safe-conduct.
The period saw the flowering of Insular art in Northumbria and produced the Lindisfarne Gospels, perhaps begun in Aldfrith's time, the scholarship of Bede, and the beginnings of the Anglo-Saxon missions to the continent.
The Codex Amiatinus was a product of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow, made on the orders of Abbot Ceolfrid, probably in the decade after Aldfrith's death.
The Ripon Jewel, discovered in the precincts of Ripon Cathedral in 1977, is difficult to date but its grandeur and the location of the find have suggested a link with Bishop Wilfrid, whose rich furnishings of the church at Ripon are on record.
Bishop Cuthbert's pectoral cross was buried with him during Aldfrith's reign, either at his death in 687 or his reburial in 698 and is now at Durham Cathedral.
The Bewcastle Cross, the Ruthwell Cross and the Hexham Cross are probably to be dated to one or two generations after Aldfrith's time.
Aldfrith was married to Cuthburh, sister of King Ine of Wessex; the marriage thus allied Aldfrith with one of the most powerful kings in Anglo-Saxon England.
Little is known of Offa, who is presumed to have been killed after being taken from Lindisfarne in 750 on the orders of King Eadberht of Northumbria.
The 13th-century discovery of a tomb thought to be that of St Osana has led to the suggestion that Osana was the daughter of Aldfrith, although this view is not widely held by modern historians.
The succession was disputed by Eadwulf, supported initially by Bishop Wilfrid, and supporters of Aldfrith's young son Osred, apparently led by Berht's kinsman Berhtfrith.
The reports of Aldfrith's death in the Irish annals call him Aldfrith son of Oswiu, but some of these are glossed by later scribes with the name Flann Fína mac Ossu.
Lubang Island is the largest island in the Lubang Group of Islands, an archipelago which lies to the northwest of the northern end of Mindoro in the Philippines.
The Lubang island group, which constitutes all the seven islands, are geographically distinct from any landmass, making it biologically unique - and endangered at the same time.
Northwest to southeast the four main islands are Cabra Island, separated by a deep, wide channel from Lubang Island, then Ambil Island and finally Golo Island.
The Spanish built a fort on Lubang Island, the San Vicente Bastion, on the western point of the entrance to Tilik Port.
After World War II, Lubang Island was where Hiroo Onoda, a Japanese army intelligence officer, hid in the jungles when the Allies reclaimed the Philippines.
He engaged in continuous, and sometimes deadly, guerrilla warfare against the United States and later against Philippine Commonwealth troops and paramilitary police.
In March 1974, he was officially relieved of duty, 29 years after the end of the war, making him one of the last Japanese soldiers to surrender.
Lubang covers the northwestern half of Lubang Island (Cabra Island included), while Looc covers the remaining half of Lubang Island plus Ambil, Golo and the other islands.
As an associate of Adolf Eichmann, he had a leading role in Operation Reinhard, which saw the murder of over one million mostly Polish Jews during the Holocaust in Nazi extermination camps Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibór and Bełżec.
Odilo Globočnik was born on 21 April 1904 in the Imperial Free City of Trieste, then the capital of the Austrian Littoral administrative region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now in Italy).
He was the second child of Franz Globočnik, a cavalry lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Army who came from a Slovene family from the Upper Carniolan town of Tržič (German: Neumarktl; now in Slovenia).
His father was unable to accumulate the money needed to get an officer's marriage permission and had to leave the service.
In 1914, the family left Trieste for Cseklész, where Franz Globočnik was recalled to active duty after the outbreak of the First World War.
There, he joined, as a teenager, the pro-Austrian volunteer militia fighting the Slovene volunteers and later the Yugoslav Army during the Carinthian War (1918–19).
He later enrolled at the Höhere Staatsgewerbeschule (a higher vocational school for mechanical engineering), where he passed his Matura (the Austrian equivalent of the German Abitur) and graduated with honours.
Globočnik first appeared in politics in 1922, when he became a prominent member of pre-Nazi Carinthian paramilitary organisations and was seen wearing a swastika.
Her father, Emil Michner, talked to the director of KÄEWAG, a hydropower plant, and secured Globočnik a job as a technician and construction supervisor.
He was arrested because of his public support for the Nazi Party (NSDAP), as he had become a member of the party in 1930 while he was in Carinthia.
His first documented activity for the NSDAP occurred in 1931, when his name appeared in documents relating to the spreading of propaganda for the party.
By this point he had more or less abandoned his career as a building tradesman, and attached himself very closely to the NSDAP.
One of his tasks for the NSDAP was to construct a courier and intelligence service, which channeled funds from the German Reich into Austria.
This was one of the first murders in Austria attributable to the Nazis, and a number of historians believe that Globočnik was involved in the attack.
His devotion to the Nazi cause paid off for Globočnik, as he quickly climbed the ladder of the party apparatus in his native Austria.
Later that same year he opened Vienna's first anti-Semitic political exhibition, which was attended by 10,000 visitors on the first day.
He launched a crusade against the Church, and the Nazis confiscated property, closed Catholic organisations and sent many priests to Dachau.
Globočnik was relieved of his post and stripped of his party honours in 1939, when it was discovered that he was involved in illegal foreign currency speculation.
After the initially disappointing party career, Globočnik now had a second chance in the ranks of the SS and the police.
There are indications that Globočnik may have been the originator of the extermination camp industrialised murder concept and the one who suggested it to Himmler.
At a two-hour meeting with Himmler on 13 October 1941, Globočnik received verbal approval to start construction work on the Belzec extermination camp, the first such camp in the General Government.
There are even indications that Globočnik may have begun a crude experimental gassing facility in the woods near Belzec shortly before his mid-October meeting with Himmler.
Globočnik at the 13 October 1941 meeting proposed exterminating the Jews in assembly-line fashion in a concentration camp utilising gas chambers.
The gassing facilities that Globočnik established at Belzec soon after his 13 October meeting with Himmler used carbon monoxide, as the T4 programme had done, and were designed by T4 programme personnel assigned to Globočnik.
The construction of three more camps, Sobibor and Maidanek in the Lublin district and Treblinka at Małkinia Górna, followed in 1942.
Globočnik was complicit in the extermination of more than 1.5 million Polish, Czech, Dutch, French, Russian, Slovak, German, Portuguese, Turkish, Spanish and Austrian Jews as well as a smaller number of non-Jews in the death camps which he organised and supervised.
He exploited Jews and non-Jews as slave labourers in his own forced labour camps, and was responsible for seizing the properties and valuables of murdered inmates while in charge of Operation Reinhard.
From 1942–1943 he also oversaw the beginning of the Generalplan Ost, the plan to expel Poles from their lands and resettle those territories with German settlers (see Zamość Uprising).
After the Armistice of Cassibile Globočnik was appointed Higher SS and Police Leader of the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral of Italy.
At San Sabba, thousands of Italian Jews, partisans and other political dissidents were interrogated, tortured and murdered by them after the 1943 downfall of Benito Mussolini and the German takeover of the country.
With the advance of Allied troops, Globočnik retreated into Austrian Carinthia and finally went into hiding high in the mountains near Weissensee, still in company of his closest staff members.
A unit from the 4th Queen's Own Hussars, found him on the Möslacher Alm, a mountain in the Eastern Alps, with seven other wanted Nazis including Georg Michalsen, Friedrich Rainer, Ernst Lerch, Hermann Höfle, Karl Hellesberger, Hugo Herzog and Friedrich Plöb.
His body was taken to be buried in a local churchyard, but the priest reportedly refused to have 'the body of such a man' resting in consecrated ground.
Despite contemporary photographs of Globočnik's corpse and reliable reports, such as the Regimental Diary and Field Reports of the 4th Queen's Own Hussars, detailing the circumstances of his capture and suicide, his apparent death has become the subject of urban legends.
Prior to the 1980s, there was debate over the circumstances of Globočnik's survival; some had speculated that his death in either early May or June 1945 was at the hands of either partisans or a Jewish revenge squad.
Despite this attack, and despite the oppressive political climate of the time, Shostakovich completed the symphony and planned its premiere for December 1936 in Leningrad.
His second and third symphonies, completed in 1927 and 1929, had been patriotic works with choral finales, but the new score was different.
Rumors circulated for a long time that Stalin had directly ordered this attack after he attended a performance of the opera and stormed out after the first act.
Despite the increasingly repressive political atmosphere, Shostakovich continued to plan for the symphony's premiere, scheduled by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra for 11 December 1936 under the orchestra's music director, Fritz Stiedry, a Viennese musician active in the Soviet Union since 1933.
The composer also played the score on piano for Otto Klemperer, who responded enthusiastically and planned to conduct the symphony's first performance outside the USSR.
After a number of rehearsals that left both the conductor and musicians unenthusiastic, Shostakovich met with several officials of the Composers Union and the Communist Party, along with I.M.
He was informed that the 11 December performance was being cancelled and that he was expected to make the announcement and provide an explanation.
He wrote that party officials exerted pressure on Renzin to cancel the scheduled performance, and Renzin, reluctant to take responsibility for the programming decision himself, instead privately persuaded Shostakovich to withdraw the symphony.
Using the orchestral parts that survived from the 1936 rehearsals, Shostakovich had a two-piano version published in an edition of 300 copies in Moscow in 1946.
The first performance outside the USSR took place at the 1962 Edinburgh Festival with the Philharmonia Orchestra under Gennady Rozhdestvensky on 7 September 1962.
Soviet critics were excited at the prospect of finding a major missing link in Shostakovich's creative output, yet refrained from value-laden comparisons.
They generally placed the Fourth Symphony firmly in its chronological context and explored its significance as a way-station on the road to the more conventional Fifth Symphony.
Western critics were more overtly judgmental, especially since the Fourth was premiered just three days after the Twelfth Symphony in Edinburgh.
The critical success of the Fourth juxtaposed with the critical disdain for the Twelfth led to speculation that Shostakovich's creative powers were on the wane.
The symphony is strongly influenced by Gustav Mahler, whose music Shostakovich had been closely studying with Ivan Sollertinsky during the preceding ten years.
Aside from the entire second movement, one of the most Mahlerian moments appears at the outset of the third movement—a funeral march reminiscent of many similar passages in the Austrian's output.
Another such point occurs near the beginning of the deeply brooding coda that follows the last full-orchestra outburst, with the descending half-step idea in the woodwinds clearly pointing to the A major-to-A minor chord progression that characterizes much of Mahler's Sixth Symphony.
The 1998 recording by the LPO and Rostropovich, and the 2004 recording conducted by Caetano include performances of the surviving original sketches of the Fourth Symphony's first movement.
The ArsDigita Community System (ACS) was an open source toolkit for developing community web applications developed primarily by developers associated with ArsDigita Corporation.
It was licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, and is one of the most famous products to be based completely on AOLserver.
Features of ACS included a core set of APIs, datamodels, and database routines for coordinating information common to all community web applications, as well as modules such as workflow management, CMS, messaging, bug/issue tracking, project tracking, e-commerce, and bboards.
ACS was built in the mid-1990s to support the photo.net online community as well as a variety of Internet services from Hearst Corporation.
The ACS was originally written using the Oracle database and AOLserver threaded web server and thus was a combination of SQL, HTML templates, and Tcl code to merge database results with templates.
In 2001, the code tree was forked, with the Tcl code base being maintained and refactored by one group of developers, while the product line was being re-written in Java EE.
Although Red Hat continued to develop CCM for several years after its acquisition, in 2004 a decision was made to migrate to a community-based development model.
Furthermore, scientists generally reject the possibility that such megafauna cryptids exist, because of the improbably large numbers necessary to maintain a breeding population.
Almases are typically described as human-like bipedal animals, between five and six and a half feet tall, their bodies covered with reddish-brown hair, with anthropomorphic facial features including a pronounced browridge, flat nose, and a weak chin.
Almases appear in the legends of local people, who tell stories of sightings and human-Almas interactions dating back several hundred years.
Amazonas has Venezuela's highest proportion of indigenous peoples of Venezuela; these make up only around 1.5% of the population nationwide, but the proportion is nearly 50% in Amazonas.
Amazonas is a voice of Greek origin that was identified with a race of female warriors who lived in the Asian Sarmacia, beyond the Caucasus.
The name of this state was assigned from June 2, 1856 in honor of the Amazon River, which was discovered by Francisco de Orellana in 1542, who is also attributed the name of the river as a result of a legend about a female tribe that tenaciously resisted the Spanish conquerors that reminded him of the Greek legend.
The Amazon River does not pass through the State, but a part of the territory is covered by the Amazon, through the Río Negro (Black River).
Then, under the mandate of President Antonio Guzmán Blanco in 1881, it was decided to divide the area into two territories: the Federal Territory Amazonas and the Federal Territory Alto Orinoco.
12 years later it was decided to reunify the territories with the name of Amazonas in 1893 and with its capital in San Fernando de Atabapo.
In 1928 the then president Juan Vicente Gomez decided to move the state capital to the north specifically to the city of Puerto Ayacucho to facilitate connections with Caracas and the rest of the nation.
It continued as Federal Territory Amazonas because it did not meet the minimum population to change its category to State of the Federation according to the old National Constitution.
The State of Amazonas belongs to the region of Guayana and is the second largest in territorial area after the State of Bolivar, although it is mostly sparsely populated, except in the northern part where most of its population is concentrated.
The highest peak in the state is the Tapirapecó at 2992 meters above sea level, in the Serranía La Neblina National Park on the border with Brazil.
The relief of the state is very varied, starting with the plains or savannahs, which range from 100 m to 500 m to continue with the mountains and hills, which abound in the area, except given the western side of the state that for being limited by the rivers Orinoco, Guainía and Negro, obviously run the lowest part of the territory.
Indeed, to the north, east and south there are numerous mountain ranges, including Maigualida, Marahuaca, Unturán, Parima, Tapirapecó, La Neblina, Imeri and Aracamuní, among others.
In this state the main river of Venezuela, the Orinoco, is born in the Delgado Chalbaud hill and after crossing 2140 km it deposits its waters in the Atlantic Ocean.
The Orinoco is, in turn, the basin where other important rivers of the region flow, such as the 474 km long Ventuari.
The average annual temperature of the Parima station, at an altitude of 810 m, is 22.3 °C while that of Tamatama (at 112 m and the same latitude) is 27 °C.
A large part of the state of Amazonas is covered by immense forests, so the vegetation due to the high rate of rainfall is typical of the jungle.
Its economic activity is limited, most agricultural products are consumed locally and in certain areas the State is in deficit, livestock and agriculture is extensive, these activities along with trade are the main sources of employment in the region.
Ecological tourism is in full development in spite of the potential represented by its natural landscapes, it also lacks adequate tourist infrastructure for a high number of visitors.
The main communication routes are air and waterways, although in the case of waterways, their navigation will depend on the rainy and dry seasons that characterize this region, since in many cases river traffic will be problematic in times of drought.
There are also landing strips in Cacurí, la Esmeralda, Ocamo, Kamariapó, San Juan de Manapiare, Santa Bárbara, Yaví, Yutajé and San Carlos de Río Negro.
The ethnological culture of the state of Amazonas is the largest in the country, possessing 20 different ethnicities, differentiated by their own languages and customs.
In Amazonas, indigenous languages of the Arawaka, Caribbean, Yanomami families are spoken or represent isolated languages without any known relationship to others.
Among their most interesting customs is that of incinerating their dead, and then with the ashes, making a drink that, according to their customs, would bring them all the vitality of the deceased.
They are small in stature; adult women do not exceed 1.50 m, and walk completely naked except for a small loincloth.
Among the most common facial ornaments is that of a stick that pierces the nasal septum of women, and the haircut characteristic of the ethnicity.
Its manufacture is based on leaves from different types of palms: moriche, cumare, seje, cucurito, chiquichique, etc.All decoration has its meaning, related to the life of the users, its sacredness, its mythology.
Soft fabrics: hammocks, hammocks, bags, baby carriers, dresses, guaiacs and their looms; pottery or ceramics; wood carvings; body decorations; hunting and fishing instruments; musical instruments; etc.
Pottery: Archaeological sites of this artistic manifestation dating from pre-Hispanic times have been found in the regions of Manapiare (Corobal), Atabapo (Nericagua), on islands in the Orinoco River, in the Lower Orinoco (Barrancas and Saladero), in Culebra, very close to Puerto Ayacucho and in other places.
The musical instruments: they are another indigenous artisan expression of the Amazon State of which there are more than 100 types.
The corporal adornments: Among these are the pintaderas, made in a circular or rectangular piece of wood carved with different designs according to their use and function.
Among the extensive and varied folklore of the state are samples of 62 ethnic groups, among which are: yanomami, guahito, piaroa, yekuana, yeral curripaco, bare, baniva, puinave, piapoco, hoti, warequena, yaborana.
The different ethnic groups have the custom of holding a Warime14 festival every three years; this festival is held to celebrate both a great harvest and new marriages within the community.
Also, on the occasion of the arrival of the rains during the months of May, June and July, indigenous dances are performed in Puerto Ayacucho and San Fernando de Atabapo.
In Puerto Ayacucho and in the interior of the state there are restaurants where the best dishes of the area are served: turtle prepared in its carapace, tapir, lapa; also fish of the finest qualities, such as morocoto, curbina, palometa, bocón, caribe, guabina, pavón and lau lau; among the birds: paují, wild duck, turkey and chicken.
Different types of bread are also made: if the manioc from the yucca is not enough, you can try the roasted or fried green banana.
It is worth mentioning that the mañoco is made with bitter yucca, in whose processing certain native implements are used such as sebucan, ray and budare.
In Amazonas, fruits such as pijiguao, tupiro, cocura, moriche, copoazú, curuba, manaca, pineapples and ceje are grown; the latter is harvested throughout the state, especially in the valleys of the Manapire, Casiquiare, Sipapo, Cuao and Ventuari rivers; from it, ceje oil is extracted, which has medicinal properties.
It was founded in 2008, and played its home games at the Antonio José de Sucre Stadium in Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela.
The State of Amazonas is only entitled to a representation of 3 deputies in the Venezuelan National Assembly, which is the minimum indicated by the 1999 Constitution since it has very little population despite its large territorial extension.
The regional movements have considerable strength to the point that in the 2005 parliamentary elections the regional party United Movement of Indigenous Peoples (MUPI) obtained 48% of the votes compared to 44% of the votes of the ruling coalition led by the Movement V Republic (MVR), Homeland for All (PPT), and the regional party United Multiethnic Peoples of the Amazon (PUAMA) considered until then the first regional force.
The state is autonomous and equal politically, it organizes its administration and public powers through the Constitution of the State of Amazonas, which was adopted in 2002.
The Constitution can be subject to reform or amendment, they are proposed by the Legislative Power, and to be approved, they need the favorable votes of at least 60% of the State Legislative Council, and by 10% or more of the electoral population of Amazonas.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It has been awarded since 1979 for a distinguished example of feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality.
In its first 35 years to 2013, the Feature Writing Pulitzer was awarded 34 times; none was given in 2004 and 2014, and it was never split.
Constructed between January 1943 and November 1949, the 30 locomotives in the class were designed to haul express passenger services throughout New South Wales.
They were the only New South Wales locomotives to use the popular Pacific 4-6-2 wheel arrangement and were the last steam locomotives in the state to be built for passenger train operation, all subsequent deliveries being specifically for freight haulage.
The 38 class were first conceived in the 1930s when the NSWGR established there was a need for a locomotive to eliminate the complications of double heading on a number of fast intrastate passenger trains.
The design was influenced by the fashion for streamlining at the time, including elements of the class J locomotives of the Norfolk and Western Railway in the United States.
The conditions of trackwork with frequent sharp curvature to be traversed at high speed would require six-coupled driving wheels in a 'Pacific' 4-6-2 configuration.
The design was carried out by the NSWGR Locomotive Section of the Design Office and incorporated the latest developments in locomotive design from Australia and overseas.
Similarly to the earlier D57 class (which had some input from Young) the massively proportioned locomotive incorporated a cast steel chassis.
The locomotive, however, as with many others, did possess a teething trouble: no fireman could maintain steam in her 245 psi boiler.
Mr Bowen also recalled that the problem was solved when an imported Bathurst fireman insisted on inspecting the loco's blast pipe.
He demonstrated how the blast pipe's shape made it impossible for steam to cleanly clear the chimney's apron, which affected the smokebox's vacuum action on the fire grate, making her more demanding to fire.
As the last of the 5 initial locomotives were leaving the shop in 1945, a decision was made to purchase more.
This order of 25 locomotives were built at the New South Wales Government Railways' Eveleigh Railway Workshops (13 even number locomotives) and Cardiff Locomotive Workshops (12 odd numbered locomotives).
Because of their axle load they were confined to operating between Sydney and the following extremities of operation: Port Kembla (Coniston), Albury, Dubbo and Maitland, although they worked the North Coast passenger trains to Brisbane until track problems surfaced.
Following the arrival of the 42, 43 and 44 class diesel locomotives in the 1950s, these began to take over some express services, but the 38 class continued to haul many passenger and freight trains.
Robin Hood: Men in Tights is a 1993 American musical adventure comedy film and a parody of the Robin Hood story.
The film was produced and directed by Mel Brooks, co-written by Brooks, Evan Chandler, and J. David Shapiro based on a story by Chandler and Shapiro, and stars Cary Elwes, Richard Lewis, and Dave Chappelle in his film debut.
Upon returning to England, Robin finds Asneeze's son, Ahchoo, and discovers that Prince John has assumed control while King Richard is away fighting in the Crusades.
Robin recruits Little John and Will Scarlet O'Hara to help regain his father's land and oust Prince John from the throne.
On his quest, Robin attracts the attention of Maid Marian of Bagelle, who wants to find the man who has the key to her Everlast chastity belt.
While Robin is training his band of tights-clad Merry Men, the spoonerism-spouting Sheriff of Rottingham hires the Mafioso Don Giovanni to assassinate Robin at the Spring Festival.
Maid Marian hears of the plot, and sneaks out of her castle to warn Robin, accompanied by her German lady-in-waiting Broomhilde.
At the archery tournament, a disguised Robin makes it to the final round, but loses after his arrow is split in two by his opponent.
Giovanni's assassin attempts to kill Robin by shooting at him with a scoped crossbow, but Blinkin catches the arrow in midair.
Marian is carried off to the tower by the Sheriff, who wants to deflower her but cannot open her chastity belt.
The witch Latrine, Prince John's cook and adviser, saves him by giving him a magical Life Saver in exchange for marriage.
Rabbi Tuckman conducts the ceremony, but they are suddenly interrupted by King Richard, recently returned from the Crusades, who orders Prince John to be taken away to the Tower of London and made part of the tour.
That night, Robin and Maid Marian attempt to open the chastity belt, only to realize his key will not open the lock.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 40%, based on 42 reviews, and an average rating of 5.04/10.
Rufino del Carmen Arellanes Tamayo (August 25, 1899 – June 24, 1991) was a Mexican painter of Zapotec heritage, born in Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico.
After his parents' death, Tamayo moved to Mexico City to live with his aunt, where he spent a lot of time working alongside her in the city's fruit markets.
However, after a while, Tamayo's aunt enrolled him at Escuela Nacional de Artes Plasticas at San Carlos in 1917 to study art.
As a student, he experimented with and was influenced by Cubism, Impressionism and Fauvism, among other popular art movements of the time, but with a distinctly Mexican feel.
Although Tamayo studied drawing at the Academy of Art at San Carlos as a young adult, he became dissatisfied and eventually decided to study on his own.
That was when he began working for José Vasconcelos at the Department of Ethnographic Drawings (1921); he was later appointed head of the department by Vasconcelos.
Rufino Tamayo, along with other muralists such as Rivera, Orozco, and Siqueiros, represented the twentieth century in their native country of Mexico.
He expressed what he envisioned as the traditional Mexico and eschewed the overt political art of such contemporaries as José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera, Oswaldo Guayasamin and David Alfaro Siqueiros.
He disagreed with these muralists in their belief that the revolution was necessary for the future of Mexico but considered, instead, that the revolution would harm Mexico.
Tamayo came to feel that he could not freely express his art; he therefore decided in 1926 to leave Mexico and move to New York City.
Prior to his departure, Tamayo organized a one-man show of his work in Mexico City where he was noticed for his individuality.
The artist returned to Mexico in 1929 to have another solo show, this time being met with high praise and media coverage.
With the help of Mexican printer and engineer Luis Remba, Tamayo expanded the technical and aesthetic possibilities of the graphic arts by developing a new medium which they named Mixografia.
It not only registered the texture and volume of Rufino Tamayo's design but also granted the artist freedom to use any combination of solid materials in its creation.
The LEAR was an organization in which Mexican artists could express through painting and writing their responses towards the revolutionary war and governmental policies then current in México.
Although Tamayo did not agree with Siqueiros and Orozco, they were chosen along with four others to represent their art in the first American Artists' Congress in New York.
Now married, Rufino and Olga had planned on staying in New York only for the duration of the event; however, they made New York their permanent home for the next decade and a half.
Uncomfortable with the continuing political controversy, Tamayo and Olga moved to Paris in 1949 where they remained for the next decade.
María Izquierdo, a fellow Mexican artist with whom he lived with for a time, taught Tamayo precision in his color choices.
Tamayo was proud of his Mexican culture because his culture nourished him and, by traveling to other countries, his love for Mexico became greater.
Under the Díaz regime, artists of Mexican origin were ignored by society; it was commonly held that they lacked the skills to surpass artists of European descent.
From 1937 to 1949, Tamayo and his wife Olga lived in New York where he painted some of his most memorable works.
While in New York, Tamayo instructed Helen Frankenthaler at the Dalton School Tamayo, while in the United States, attended important exhibitions which influenced his art mechanics.
In a 1926 exhibition, 39 of Tamayo's works were displayed at the Weyhe Gallery in New York just a month after his arrival into the United States.
The artist's sojourn in New York dramatically increased his recognition not only in the United States but in Mexico and other countries also.
Tamayo favored using few colors rather than many; he asserted that fewer colors in a painting gave the art greater force and meaning.
In this painting, Tamayo employs pure colors such as red and purple; his restraint in the choice of color here confirms his belief that fewer colors, far from limiting the painting, actually enlarge the composition's possibilities.
In 1959, Tamayo and his wife returned to Mexico permanently and Tamayo built an art museum in his home town of Oaxaca, the Museo Rufino Tamayo.
Tamayo's work has been displayed in museums throughout the world, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City, The Phillips Collection in Washington, the Cleveland Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio, the Naples Museum of Art in Naples, Florida and The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain.
On June 12, 1991, Tamayo was admitted to Mexico City's National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition for respiratory and heart failure.
To show how grateful people were towards his art, there were several important exhibitions and publications that were organized after his death.
The region of Óbidos, extending from the Atlantic to the interior of Estremadura Province along the rivers and lakes has been inhabited since the late Paleolithic.
The retaking of Óbidos was a final stage in the conquest of the Estremadura Province region, after the settlements of Santarém, Lisbon and Torres Vedras.
The limestone and marble structure was strengthened and elaborated, while the keep was created in the 14th century, by King Fernando.
The Church of Santa Maria in Óbidos was the setting for the wedding of King Afonso V to his cousin, Princess Isabella of Coimbra, on 15 August 1441, when they were both still children aged 9 and 10, respectively.
Administrative reforms conducted by King Manuel I at Óbidos in 1513, included the institution of a formal charter and major requalification of the urban area.
The 1755 earthquake caused damage to the village walls, a few churches, and many buildings, and resulted in the loss of architecture of Arab or Medieval inspiration.
More recently, the village was a centre of government and meeting place for those involved in the 1974 Carnation Revolution, linking it to the armed forces movement revolt.
Located on the Atlantic Ocean coast, the municipality is bounded in the northeast and east by Caldas da Rainha, in the south by Bombarral, in the southeast by Lourinhã and in the west by Peniche.
The municipality is also home to the famous Praia D'el Rey golf complex, one of the top golf resorts in Europe, and Royal Óbidos - Spa & Golf Resort.
Flowing banners and heraldic flags set the mood together with hundreds of entertainers and stall holders dressed as merchants, jugglers, jesters, wandering minstrels, soldiers and more.
Visitors can shop at the traditional handcrafts fair or watch medieval shows, horse displays and a costumed parade that winds its way through the streets.
Its territory formed part of the provinces of Mérida, Maracaibo, and Barinas, in accordance with successive territorial ordinations pronounced by the colonial authorities.
In 1856 it separated from Barinas and for the first time Apure appeared as an independent province, which in 1864 acquired the status of state.
At the same time, it was the scene of armed encounters that marked the evolution of the War for Independence, as well as numerous battles during the civil war.
In the Apurean environs, Rómulo Gallegos was inspired to write his novel Doña Bárbara, which describes the magnitude of this land.
The origins of the name Apure have not been unanimously accepted: certain sources point to a shrub called apure as inspiration; others to an ancient aboriginal chief named Apur.
However, in this specific case, it is not about the name of the Apure River but the name of the State, and obviously the name of the State of Apure comes from the name of the Apure River.
The work of friar Jacinto de Carvajal (1648) makes reference to the discovery of the Apure River and this name was already known between the Spanish from the first half of the sixteenth century, that is, well before the Venezuelan name of the region, province, or state.
One of the most comprehensive works about Venezuelan etymology, which refers exhaustively to the toponymy of the river and the state of Apure, is that by Tulio Chiossone.
The conquest of these wild lands started mid XVII when the land was populated by many Indian tribes like the peaceful Arawaks and the dangerous Caribs among others.
Actual settlement did not start until early XVIII with large cattle foundations started by landowners looking to expand their already crowded cattle ranches in San Carlos de Austria and other cities.
In the colonial era, Apure was at one time part of the Province of Mérida del Espíritu Santo de la Grita, which merged with Maracaibo in 1676 to form Maracaibo Province.
Apure is an independent state from 1864, when the Venezuelan territory organized itself as los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, or United States of Venezuela.
In 1881 it formed part of the state of Bolívar along with Guayana, but recovered the category of independent state in 1899.
The state of Apure is located to the southwest of Venezuela, positioned between 06º03’45’’ and 08º04’22’’ latitude North and 66º21’45’’ and 72º22’30’’ longitude West.
It is bordered on the north by the states of Táchira, Barinas, and Guárico, on the east and southeast by the states of Bolívar and Amazonas and on the south and west by Colombia.
Originating in the Tertiary (Neogene) and Quaternary (Pleistocene) Periods, the llanos (plains) of Apure are formed by sediments of little or no consolidation, with sandy and clayey deposits built up by floods in recent times.
On the banks of the Orinoco one finds outcroppings of rocks, from the Archean era, which are part of the Guiana Shield and appear at heights called galleys.
A large part of the state of Apure is constituted by an extensive field of dunes (occupying some 30,000 km²), which has the peculiarity of not being a desert climate but a savannah, with natural grasslands alternating with corridors of jungle and voluminous rivers with sand dunes of more than in length and 20 m in height.
Some of these dunes are used by llaneros to establish dairy farms, which, in addition to processing milk, prepare a group of cattle to go to the head of the pack (which in the llanos is referred to as the godmother of the herd), according to the work of Calzadilla Valdés.
It is almost entirely flat, with extensive plains from the convergence of the Apure, Arauca, and Capanaparo Rivers with the Orinoco to the foothills of the Andes.
Protruding between them are zones of dunes, delta plains, and such features as shoals, banks, and estuaries, which are very prone to floods during the rainy season.
Furthermore, in the west of the territory, one finds foothills and mountains with altitudes of greater than 3 km, in a portion of the Cordillera Oriental Andina (Eastern Andean Range) that borders Estado Táchira.
The state is sliced by numerous rivers of great length and breadth, all of which are part of the Orinoco river basin.
The Apure River, the most important of these, is at the same time the main Venezuelan tributary of the Orinoco from its left border, and the second longest in the country: it covers some from its source to its mouth.
All of the lands in the south of the state constitute a zone where the springs, the branches, the rivers, the lagoons, and the swamps extraordinarily complicate the hydrography.
Apure relies on an abundant phreatic zone that supplies the cities and towns with potable water, and a few decades ago networks of modules were created that allowed water storage for use in periods of drought.
The most important rivers in the state are: the Apure for which the state is named; the Arauca, at more than long, which has its source in Colombia and forms the border between the two countries for a stretch, and unites the Apure by means of various branches and springs before flowing into the Orinoco; the Orichuna Channel at more than long; the Capanaparo, Cinaruco, Cunaviche, Matiyure, and Meta.
The upper courses of the Apure River are formed by the Uribante and the Sarare, whose lower parts are found in the state of Apure.
The result is uneven, so that the soils are distributed as follows: in the dune areas, they are acidic and low in nutrients; in sectors of constantly flooded plains, they are of medium quality and deficient in fertility; in the banks they have good drainage and medium textures; and in the northeast (towards Biruaca) they have extraordinary agricultural power.
The livestock sector is basically specialized in the production of cattle, concentrating about 30% of the heads of cattle in the whole national territory.
Extensive empty or almost uninhabited areas characterize its territory, traditionally affected by a strong emigration towards Aragua and the city of Caracas; nevertheless, the negative balance thrown by that phenomenon has been reverted when receiving an important flow of immigrants from the Venezuelan Andes and Colombia.
The population is mostly concentrated in urban areas and 48% is made up of young individuals between 10 and 40 years of age.
It is an autonomous and politically equal state, organizing its administration and public powers through the Constitution of the State of Apure.
Amendments or Reforms to the Constitution may be proposed by the Legislature, the Governor, the majority of the Municipal Councils of the State or 10% of the voters.
For an Amendment or Reform created by the Legislative Branch to be approved, it needs to receive an absolute majority of the votes of the parliamentarians, nor is it necessary to submit the reform to a referendum.
The Governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of immediate re-election for equal periods, being in charge of the state administration.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of Apure State, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people by direct and secret vote every four years, with the possibility of re-election for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
The meaning is unknown, but, according to popular belief, it is 'strong wind that comes from the valleys of the Santo Domingo river', referring to the Barinese wind, which blows in the Llanos Altos.
According to Virgilio Tosta the first use of the place name was before 1628, as an alternative name for Altamira;8 in contrast, according to Betancourt Martínez, it was in the foundations of Barinitas such as Nueva Trujillo de Barinas (1628)9 and Barinas (1759).
It expanded with the creation of the Province of Barinas in 1786, and in 1859 it was reduced to the present region.
Senna aculeata - a low, thorny, yellow-flowered shrub that abounds in the state - is sometimes called the barinas flower because of this toponym, which is why it is the state flower.
The pre-Columbian history of the Western Plains develops mainly around the present day territory of Barinas, which was a highly mobile area where numerous indigenous ethnic groups from the Orinoco, the Amazon and the Andes interacted, using the abundant rivers and the highlands as convenient communication routes.
C. and ending with the colonization, it is considered that there were several successive occupations, which left as evidence, in addition to at least thirty-three petroglyphs and many lithic types in the Piedemonte, more than a score of mounds and roads - long camels - that extend throughout the plain from Colombia, and that could be used for economic, military and/or religious purposes.
Since 250 A.D., groups from the Oriente of Colombia and Ecuador have settled in the Llano Medio of Bariné, since this area is characterized by good soils and little flooding.
This occupation is characterized by the oldest roads and mounds found in the region today, and by the ceramic complex of the El Oso stream.
From 650 to 1200, Araucanian groups dominated the region, inhabiting its wooded areas and bringing with them the chiefdoms and, therefore, the war relations.
The period was also characterized by a remarkable population growth and an extension of the groups to the vicinity of the current Guanarito.
During different periods, the Arawak moved around the region, from which they left for Zulia and the Central-Western part of Venezuela, introducing the cultivation of yucca and establishing trade routes throughout the Orinoco basin.
The Tunebos explored and occupied the Piedemonte and the Llanos Altos of the state, starting from the Sierra Nevada of El Cocuy and the savannas of Casanare, following their tradition of occupying three altitudinal levels and bringing a large part of the Chibcha element to the region.
In 1535, the first presence of Europeans in the region took place, this time on behalf of the Welsares, when the then governor, Jorge de Espira, crossed Barinas along with his group during his expedition in search for El Dorado del Meta and faced jirajaras along the way.
Alonso Pérez de Tolosa also crossed Barinas in 1549, heading for El Tocuyo, after having failed in a conquest entrusted to him by the then governor Juan Pérez de Tolosa.
The colonization of Barinas began on June 30, 1577, when Captain Juan Andrés Varela, commissioned by the governor of the Province of La Grita, Francisco de Cáceres, choosing a mountainous place but close to the Llanos, founded, along with meridians and on the valley of the Santo Domingo River, the city of Altamira de Cáceres.
The primitive Altamira was a little inhabited city, firstly because its inhabitants led a dangerous life being close to the jirajaras, and because they had little space to build.
The precariousness of the conditions of the city was such that Varela decided to resign his post as mayor a few months after founding it and, a decade having passed since the foundation, its inhabitants showed a desire to move.
In spite of the inconveniences, Altamira was populated for four decades thanks to cattle raising and, even more so, tobacco cultivation, and was able to compete with Cuba in the beginning.
This event was due to the fact that this plateau is closer to the Llanos to be conquered, while having much better land for livestock and tobacco cultivation (which had become intensive due to the high demand and had generated a great deal of smuggling led by the Dutch).
After the sacking of Maracaibo and the burning of Gibraltar by the Dutch (1641), the Barinese thought of alternate trade routes; thus, in 1647, Miguel de Ochogavia undertook the successful expedition to discover the Santo Domingo-Apure-Orinoco connection, through which the subsequent conquest of Apure was carried out.
For this reason, on July 11, 1759, the Viceroy of the New Granada, Jose Solis, decreed the definitive foundation of Barinas, with the name and on the current place - where the town of San Antonio de los Cerritos was by then -, in order to establish a center of power closer to the new towns.
On February 15, 1786, King Carlos III decreed, over a territory that extended to cover the current states of Apure and Portuguesa, the creation of the Province of Barinas, separating it from that of Maracaibo.
During this period there was a remarkable diversification and economic growth, being stimulated the trade and cultivation of sugar, indigo, cocoa, cotton, onoto and coffee, and building the first prison and the first hospital.
Barinas joined the process of the Supreme Board of Caracas on May 5, 1810, thus constituting a Board of Government and Conservation, in which the desire to break with the Crown was formed.
After the patriotic victory in the Battle of Niquitao, on July 2, 1813, Barinas became part of the Second Republic, which also fell the following year.
Two years later, the Congress of the Republic separated the current territory of the State of Apure from Barinas, making it a province, with the capital in Achaguas.
In 1824, in view of the Territorial Division Law, the Department of Venezuela disappears and the Department of Apure is created, consisting of the provinces of Barinas and Apure.
After the dissolution of the Great Colombia, the cantons of Guanare, Ospino and Araure initiated managements to segregate themselves from the Province of Barinas, fact that would occur in 1851, when the National Congress erected the Province of Portuguesa.
During the Federal War (1859-1863), General Ezequiel Zamora maintained federalist control of all the Western Plains from Barinas, and consolidated it with the Battle of Santa Inés, on December 10, 1859; after this victory, Zamora left the proclaimed State to besiege San Carlos, being killed there.
As all other Venezuelan provinces, Barinas became a de jure state since the proclamation of the United States of Venezuela, with the Constitution of 1864, thus repealing the ephemeral merger it had with Apure during the last year of the War.
At the end of the 1880s and in view of the secessionist movement of Cojedes, the idea of the disintegration of the South West in Barinas was promoted.
These extend from the Camaguán marshes in the far east and rise in height towards the west, thus dividing into the Lower Plains, up to 120 m above sea level, the Middle Plains, up to 160 m above sea level, and the Upper Plains, up to 200 m above sea level.
This plain ends abruptly where Troncal 5 passes, that is, in a line that goes from the town of Las Veguitas to Punta de Piedras, from which the Mérida mountain range begins, the final part of the Andina.
The lowest and least rugged part of this part of the mountain range is the Sierra del Piedemonte, in which hills, small mountains, depressions and mesas predominate.
The highest and most rugged part is the Sierra Nevada, the Sierra del Tapo-Caparo and the Sierra de Calderas, with the first peak close to 4 000 m above sea level inside Barinas, and the last one with a lot of valleys.
Two large passes are found, both to the north: the pass of the valleys and the depression of the Santo Domingo River and the pass of the Boconó River valleys.
The sediments of this mountain range accumulated to the east and west, giving way to the formation of the Llanos, around the Mesozoic.
The tributaries of the Apure River in Barinas are the Portuguesa, Masparro, Santo Domingo, Caparo, Canaguá and Uribante Rivers, all of which are navigable.
Being in the intertropical zone and extending more towards the meridians than towards the parallels, Barinas has a climate determined by altitude, winds and two seasons: the dry season, from October to March, and the rainy season, from April to September.
The cold winds that flow from the east of the Mérida mountain range to the Llanos Altos cause the characteristic phenomenon of the Barinese wind.
In its flora there are many trees, among them the apamate, the jabillo, the samán, the ceibas, the mangos, the merecure, the cañafístola llanera and the araguaney, the national tree; there are also many palms, especially the llanera.
The Mérida mountain range, on the other hand, has, from its highlands to its foothills, moors, tropical mountain forests and wooded savannas.
Among its vegetation, the cardón, cují, bucare and frailejones are characteristic in its upper parts, while in the foothills pardillo, granadilla, caobas and vera abound.
There are more than 450 species of birds, among which are the prey species - especially the Andean condor -, herons, storks, ducks, the parachute, the Orinoco woodpecker and the carrao.
Mammals are the most abundant vertebrates, highlighting the deer, foxes, otters, anteaters and honey bears, the cachicamo, the cunaguar, the jaguar, the spider monkey and the capuchin, the rabbit and, above all, the chigüire.
In the Llanos, there is an abundance of reptiles, including anacondas, podocnemids, iguanas, rattlesnakes, babo, jicotea turtles, mato real, Orinoco caiman and mapanare.
Fish populate all the rivers, with catfish, piranhas, goldfish and electric eels being abundant in the Llanos, and trout in the Andes.
The 12 municipalities of Barinas are organized according to population conditions - which must be greater than ten thousand for each one - economic development, capacity to generate their own income, geographical situation, historical and cultural elements and other factors that are considered relevant.
The mining potential is expressed by non-metallic minerals such as: limestone, sand, silicate, quartz, red clay, feldspar, gravel, silica sand and phosphorite.
As for energy resources, there are hydrocarbon reserves in the southern zone of San Silvestre, where PDVSA exploits several oil fields.
In 2001, Repsol YPF was awarded the Barrancas block for the production of 2 million cubic meters of free gas per day.
Barinas has a contrast between landscapes of mountains, plains, rivers and streams, offering the tourist a variety of options, from contemplating rare species in their habitat, to enjoying its spectacular parks and natural spas.
From the city of Barinas to the state of Merida, passing through the municipality of Bolivar, which includes the towns of Barinitas, Altamira de Caceres and Calderas, with a pleasant climate, characteristic of the tropical rainforest.
Barinitas, capital of the municipality has the Moromoy Park where you can camp, the Balneario La Barinesa with recreational facilities and towards the southeast the El Cacao Sector, where you can practice mountain biking.
The route that leads to Altamira de Cáceres, is used for bird watching because of the diversity of species, especially the Cock of the Rock.
The Plaza Bolívar was converted into a boulevard and in its surroundings you can find the Church, the Alfredo Arvelo Larriva House of Culture, inns, restaurants, wine cellars, bakeries, shops selling local sweets and handicrafts.
The route that leaves from the city of Barinas towards the Portuguese State, highlighting in this journey two important reservoirs, as the Manuel Palacio Fajardo (Masparro) located 15 minutes from the town of Barrancas and Juan Antonio Rodriguez Dominguez (Boconó - Tucupido) located on the border with the Portuguese State, where you can make boat trips, kayaking and jet skiing, bird watching, and controlled sport fishing.
Its colonial temple of San Nicolás de Bari was built in the 18th century) and there are also popular expressions such as the joropo, corrío, coplas, tonadas, bullfighting and patron saint festivities.
Along the road that leads to Trunk 5, from Puente Paez, via Sabaneta, are the towns of Mijagual, Santa Rosa, Libertad, Dolores, City of Otters and finally Puerto de Nutrias, bordering the State of Apure.
You can see large scale plantations of oilseeds, cereals, sugar cane, tomatoes, yucca and fruit trees, as well as a livestock area.
In Sabaneta, the cultural aspect of Los Diablos Danzantes de San Hipólito stands out, and in the musical aspect, there are the celebrations of the Festival de la Bandola in the town of Dolores (December), the Festival de la Libertad and La Paz (January) and the making of typical musical instruments in the town of Libertad.
In the month of January and at various times of the year the inhabitants of this area and pilgrims from various parts of the world venerate the image of Nuestra Señora del Rosario del Real, which appeared in the mid-seventeenth century.
When passing the bridge over the River Paguey, we find the village of San Silvestre, which in December celebrates its patron saint's festival in honour of San Silvestre, where the bullfighting is one of the most popular tourist events in the village.
It is a protected ecosystem that has forests, moors, xerophilous scrubs and the highest altitudes in the country, like Pico Bolivar with 5,007 meters above sea level, the Humboldt Peak 4,920 meters above sea level and Bompland 4,942 meters above sea level, La Concha 4,920 meters above sea level, El Toro 4,755 meters above sea level and El Leon 4,740 meters above sea level.
The Balneario Municipal and El Balneario Río Boconó located on the banks of the Cipe River, in the Obispos municipality and in the Alberto Arvelo Torrealba municipality, respectively, are natural spas surrounded by lush trees.
Around Peña Viva there is a vast network of pre-Columbian petroglyphs that constitute the richest and most complete sample known in Venezuela today.
In the State of Barinas, the rural population had traditionally predominated, and it was estimated that in 1950 the rural population corresponded to 84.8% of the total population of Barinas.
The State in general has the second largest Colombian community in Venezuela with more than 300,000 after the State of Táchira.
These are grouped in the different and main cities of the entity being the city of Barinas the one with more presence.
This immigration, which has been in this region for more than 40 years, is mainly due to the internal problems of the neighboring country, such as violence and economic problems.
The state of Barinas has a First Division football club, called Zamora Fútbol Club, founded on February 2, 1977, and the stadium in which they reside is La Carolina Stadium, also one of the stadiums used for the 2007 Copa America, held in Venezuela.
Likewise, in 2007, Barinas hosted the second leg of the Nissan South American Cup between Zamora FC and Olmedo of Ecuador, which the visiting team won 2 goals to 1, being this the first international match of Zamora FC.
And by the middle of the year 2013, they will rise with the Clausura Championship for the second time, and will be the champion of the Venezuelan Professional Football Tournament against Deportivo Anzoategui.
In 2013, Zamora Football Club won its first absolute championship, by being proclaimed champions of the 2013 Closing Tournament, in May 2014 it won its Absolute Bicampionship vs Mineros de Guayana, and in December 2016 it got its third star (absolute championship) in 5 years after being crowned champion in the Opening Tournament vs Deportivo Anzoátegui and winning the Absolute Final vs Zulia FC.
In Baseball, the Petroleros de Barinas Team was established, which plays the Venezuelan national parallel league, where it has been proclaimed champion twice.
This road has 7,094.5 kilometers of trunk roads of which only 15% are paved, so it is advisable to travel in all-terrain vehicles.
Barinas is a state that is part of the Venezuelan federation, which is symmetrical: each entity has its own legal personality, competences and income, and has autonomous executive and legislative power, with authorities elected by majority rule in universal, direct and secret suffrage for four-year periods and revocable by referendum.
Venezuela's states are obliged to maintain independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and to comply with and enforce the Constitution and the law.
The foundations of the essence of Barinas are in the ethical and moral heritage of its people, in the values of freedom, equality, justice, cooperation, solidarity and independence, in the personal values and spiritual potential of its people, in its natural resources and in its history, its traditions, its customs, its idiosyncrasy, its folklore, its art and its own aspirations.
Barinas must also protect, together with its neighbouring states and with all the means at its disposal, biodiversity, which includes cultural diversity.
The aims of the Barinese State are: to protect and defend the person and his dignity, to facilitate the exercise of the popular will and citizen participation in public affairs, to maintain freedom, to promote private initiative and free enterprise and the welfare of the people.
The citizens of Barinas are obliged by law to protect the family, know, promote and protect the cultural heritage, contribute to economic and human development, encourage private initiative and the promotion of free enterprise and reject violence.
The executive power of each state in Venezuela is exercised by the governors, who in the case of Barinas could be reelected only once, until the national constitution is reformed in 2009.
The governor of Barinas is elected by direct universal and secret ballot every 4 years and has, as assistants, his secretaries.
The objectives of the government of Barinas according to the law are: to achieve the spiritual, educational and economic elevation of the people, to create a framework of incentives that allow the achievement of technological innovations that contribute to the integral development of the State and to create the conditions that raise the levels of productivity in the economic activities.
Zenaida Gallardo was sworn in as the governor of Barinas State on 5 January 2017, replacing Adán Chávez, who was appointed as Venezuelan Minister for Culture on 4 January 2017.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
The legislative power of each state in Venezuela is exercised by a legislative council, made up of seven to fifteen legislators each, who proportionally represent the population of their states and their municipalities.
The seat of the Legislative Council of Barinas is the Manuel Palacio Fajardo building; its powers are limited to those designated by the constitutions and laws.
During the time of the Spanish Empire, it was part of the province of Nueva Andalucía and later it was annexed to the province of Guayana from 1777 when King Charles III created the Captaincy General of Venezuela.
The capital of the state, Ciudad Bolivar was founded on December 21, 1595 by Antonio de Berrío, who had come from Nueva Granada (present-day Colombia) with the mission of populating Guyana.
The town, originally called Santo Tomás de Guayana, was a fortified port that had to move three times, since it was the target of constant assaults by Caribbean Indians and European corsairs, among whom Sir Walter Raleigh stood out in 1617.
In 1764 it found a definitive site on the banks of the Orinoco, in its narrowest sector, for which it took the name of Santo Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angostura del Orinoco, known simply as Angostura, a name that has persisted for over 80 years and is still remembered today.
In 1800, Baron Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland visited Angostura and from there they went through El Pao to Barcelona and then to Cumaná, thus ending the tour of Venezuela.
The Congress of Angostura, inaugurated on February 15, 1819 by the Liberator Simón Bolívar, under the inspiration of General Francisco de Miranda's Ideology, represented the second Constituent Congress of the Republic of Venezuela.
In 1821 (during the Great Colombia) it became a department of Orinoco with the largest extension of the time (whose capital was Santo Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angostura del Orinoco or Angostura).
When Gran Colombia was dissolved, the territory changed to the Province of Guayana until 1854 when it became the Province of Orinoco (whose capital was Ciudad Bolívar).
After the separation in 1856 of the then Federal Territory Amazonas, the province of Guayana was renamed in 1864 as the Sovereign State of Guayana once the Federal Revolution came to power under the command of Juan Crisóstomo Falcón.
In 1879, it was one of the seven states of the Federation, without the territory corresponding to Amazonas which had become Federal Territory Amazonas.
In 1881 it became one of the nine political entities into which the country was divided, receiving the name of Great State Bolivar formed by Guayana and Apure.
Its territory was diminished with the creation of the federal territories Yuruari and El Caura (1881), Armisticio (1883) and Delta (1884).
On July 21, 1903, in the vicinity of Ciudad Bolivar, the last battle of the Liberating Revolution was fought where the government army under the command of Juan Vicente Gómez defeated the opposition forces of General Nicolás Rolando.
The defeat of the Liberating Revolution marked the end of the 19th century in Venezuela, which was characterized by political instability and great civil wars, giving way to a period of consolidation of the central government under the rule of the Andean people.
The state gained more autonomy in 1989 when the first elections for governor and legislative assembly were held and the practice of appointments from the central government in Caracas was ended.
On November 13, 2006, the Orinoquia Bridge was inaugurated, the second largest in the country, which facilitates communications between Ciudad Guayana and the opposite bank of the Orinoco River in the states of Anzoátegui and Monagas.
The Orinoco Mining Arc (AMO), officially created on February 24, 2016 as the Arco Mining Orinoco National Strategic Development Zone, 2 is an area rich in mineral resources that the Republic of Venezuela has been operating since 2017; occupies mostly the north of the Bolivar state and to a lesser extent the northeast of the Amazonas state and part of the Delta Amacuro state.
It is bordered to the north by the Orinoco River and the States of Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Anzoátegui and Guárico; to the south by the Federative Republic of Brazil; to the southwest by the State of Amazonas; to the east by the territory of Guayana Esequiba, in dispute with the Cooperative Republic of Guyana; and to the west by the State of Apure.
Three major landscapes can be recognized in a relief between the Guiana shield: the isolated Orinoco savannahs and low mountains, the mountainous landscape dominated by the tabular peaks of the Tepuis and the valleys of the tributaries of the Orinoco and the lowlands and partly savannahs of the Yuruari, limited to the east by the Imataca mountain range.
Almost all of the state is occupied by the Guiana massif; this suffered epirogenic movements that reactivated the basal rock of the shield, cut by fluvial erosion, reached it and gave rise to a staggering of jumps, originating tabular reliefs known as tepuis.
The highest plateaus exceed 2,000 m. The highest point is Mount Roraima (2,875 m), located in the Pacaraima Range, which continues south with those of Parima and Tapirapeco.
In the northeast, the Nuria and Imataca mountains stand out, as well as plateaus and hills over 500 m high drained by the Yuruari River.
It comprises the Great Savannah and the rest of the territory west of the Caroni River, made up of three high plateaus.
The southwest of the massif is made up of lowlands through which the Ventuari, Alto Río Negro and Alto Orinoco rivers flow, with flat topography interrupted by witness hills.
Except for the area comprised in the Yuruari- Cuyuni river basin, the entire state is included in the Orinoco drainage system.
All of them dig their courses through a rugged topography in the hard rocks of the Guiana shield, giving rise to rapid valleys and waterfalls.
The Guri Reservoir and the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant (formerly Raúl Leoni), which covers more than 80,000 hectares, is the most important center for electricity generation in Venezuela.
The Churún River, a tributary of the Caroní River, flows from the Auyan Tepui plateau, with a 936.60 meter drop: Angel Falls, the highest in the world.
The climate is tropical, although it varies according to the zones; thus, the low areas present high temperatures, which reach an average of 27º C, and abundant rainfall.
The variation of the climate of the extensive territory is determined by the altitude and the winds since the latitude (between 4° and 8° of North latitude) places it totally in the equatorial strip.
The low northern lands, influenced by the east and northeast winds, are characterized by a rainy season and a dry season, both very marked; the southern lands receive winds loaded with humidity from the Amazon depression and from the southeast that condense at the contact of the elevations producing intense rains of more than 1600 mm.
The State of Bolivar is the largest state in Venezuela and covers a large area of 242,801 km² which represents 26.49% of the national total.
In addition, de Iure claims the territories of Guayana Esequiba south of the Cuyuni River, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Potaro-Siparuni and Alto Tacutu-Alto Esequibo, which would increase the territory by 124,414 km².
The geography of the State of Bolivar is as follows: the State of Bolivar is located in the southeast of Venezuela, it has jungle vegetation and a savannah climate, the State is mostly limited by the Orinoco River.
The State of Bolivar is made up of several towns, but some are outstanding for certain reasons, making some of these towns more livable than others.
In the State of Bolivar there are great energy sources that are very important for Venezuela (the Guri Dam, among others), famous agricultural products (Guiana cheese, cotton, yucca, cassava, white and brown catalinas, naiboa, among others), and many minerals in great demand (iron, gold, bauxite, among others).
The soil, topography, and climate characteristics have led to consider the area as a strong restriction for agricultural development, since a large part of its soils are composed of highly siliceous rocks, with low moisture retention capacity and strong acid reaction.
Nevertheless, the exploitation of a great variety of agricultural items, the immense reserves of forest resources, allow us to foresee that through the use of appropriate technology, irrigation and selection of the size of the exploitation, this sector could contribute in an important way in the integral development of the area.
Bolivar State has the Siderurgica del Orinoco (SIDOR), which is in charge of steel production with Direct Reduction technologies and Electric Arc Furnaces, with natural resources available in the Guayana region.
The state of Bolivar has some of the most important tourist attractions in Venezuela and South America among which the Angel Falls (the world's largest waterfall) and numerous characteristic mountains called Tepuis such as Mount Roraima, as well as many natural wells, caves, rivers, fluvial islands, forests, rock formations, waterfalls and lakes of all types.
The first of the castles, San Francisco de Asís (Fuerte Villapol) was built on the banks of the Orinoco in the 17th century between 1678 and 1684, as referred to by Gerónimo Martínez-Mendoza, by order of the Governor Cap.
Tiburcio de Axpe y Zúñiga, in the narrowest part of the Orinoco after Angostura, on the land where San Francisco's auspices once stood, established by Don Antonio de Berrío, the first governor of Guayana and founder of Santo Tomé de Guayana.
Years later and to reinforce the defenses of the first castle was built the Castle of El Padrastro or San Diego - construction began in 1747 - so called because it was located on a hillock or stepfather, from where you can see the Castle of San Francisco which it protects.
These castles were restored in 1897 by the then President of Venezuela, Joaquín Crespo, who renamed them Fuerte Campo Elías al Castillo de San Diego and Fuerte Villapol al Castillo de San Francisco, in honor of these heroes who, despite being born in Spain, fought in the Republican ranks during the war of independence.
These ruins served as the governing house of the Catalan Capuchins, and were declared a National Historic Monument on August 2, 1960.
It exemplifies a magnificent building belonging to the colonial architecture, finally built with stones, bricks, tiles, wood and mortar, which gave it a structure strong enough to be preserved through the centuries.
A bell tower, the chapel and a mural composed of images representing the sun and moon, clouds and angels, as well as silhouettes, which presumably represent the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception and Saint Francis of Assisi, are components that can be seen inside this rectangular space that follows the structure of the main nave of the temple or church.
The same is provided with a parking lot that communicates to the temple by means of a paved road, and connects to the bank of the Macagua reservoir.
In other environments the joropo is danced, exactly in the northwest of the state, due to the proximity of the plains of Guariqueños and Apureños.
The passage, the blows, the tunes to the sound of the harp, cuatro and maracas, are characteristic of this area of Bolivar.
This dance originated with the arrival of the Antilleans who brought their customs and their typical English, it was mixed with ours emerging along with the local patois and many other customs.
The Indians make objects that are utilitarian and that are very sought after by tourists such as peony seed necklaces, San Pedro tears, toucan peaks, etc...
According to article 9 of the Constitution of the State of Bolivar of 2001, Spanish is the official language of the State and all the indigenous languages are official for their respective peoples.
The inhabitants of the jungle use reed flutes and rattles for their spiritual invocations or for joy in moments of collective expansion.
In other environments the joropo is danced, exactly in the northwest of the State, due to the proximity to the plains of Guariqueños and Apureños; the passage, the blows, the tunes to the sound of the harp, maracas and cuatro are characteristic in this area of the State of Bolivar.
Penetrating into the interior, the carnivals in El Callao are very colorful, and they already have fame and tradition with the peculiar Calypso.
The Guiana Calypso originated with the arrival of Antilleans to the State, who brought their customs in their typical English, mixed with ours, giving rise to the Calypso and many other customs.
A notable figure of the carnival groups and its main sponsor was the popularly called la Negra Isidora, who gave much importance to this spectacle.
It is characterized by the use of yucca, merey, corn and pescaculodo, from which dishes with unique and extraordinary flavors are derived.
The State of Bolivar has a very varied gastronomy using the products of the zone, being the cassava (prepared from the yucca) the main companion of the diverse plates, standing out then the fish of river known as the sapoara and the merey from where diverse candies, nougats, etc are prepared.
The sapoara, a gastronomic tradition of the State of Bolivar, is a fish that abounds in the vicinity of the Orinoco and Caroní rivers.
It is defined by specialists as the most characteristic and distinctive fish of Ciudad Bolívar because of its habit of appearing once a year, being one of the few places where it can be fished, in front of the Orinoco promenade in Ciudad Bolívar.
Fishing for the toad takes place exactly in front of the dock where the boats that transport the inhabitants of Ciudad Bolivar and Soledad arrive.
One of the dishes prepared with the sapoara, is the gilthead, baked, stuffed and the morrocoy cake cut in wheels, in sancocho and the rest remains in the imagination of the housewives or the great chefs of the gastronomic field that abound in the State.
Thus, the recipes of the specialists who have been cooking for years for the demanding national and international palates, suggest that the fish can be prepared fried (dorado), having salt and garlic as main ingredients.
If the preference is to eat it baked, do not forget to open it from the back and cover it with salt, applying various condiments such as chopped seasoning (chili, onion, paprika), mustard, etc., and fill it with vegetables and egg and then wrap it in aluminum foil, placing it in the oven until it browns.
This dish can be accompanied by yucca, salad and rice or with some potatoes au gratin, all according to the taste of each person.
Sancocho de sapoara, is undoubtedly also a delight of the culinary art of the State of Bolivar; it is prepared like any soup and you add the vegetables and seasonings you want.
This fish, due to its condition and unique appearance during one month of the year, forces everyone to enjoy its nutrients and rich flavor.
It also has the largest baseball stadium in the country, the Estadio La Ceiba in Ciudad Guayana (Venezuela), recently restored and with a capacity of 30,000 spectators.
The 2007 Copa America, held throughout Venezuela, including the State of Bolivar, some games were played in the re-inaugurated Cachamay Stadium, making it the largest international event held in the State.
Several international tournaments of junior categories have also been held and it has hosted several games of the Copa Libertadores, the Copa Conmebol and the Copa Sudamericana.
In 2007, with the expansion of the Venezuelan Professional Basketball League, a franchise was approved in the basketball area, which was initially called Macizos de Guayana and at the beginning of 2008 in its presentation to the press was renamed Gigantes de Guayana, which became the tenth team in the Venezuelan basketball league playing since then in the Hermanas González Gym.
At the end of 2011, the first season of the new Venezuelan Volleyball Super League was held, where the Huracanes de Bolivar team debuted and was the champion of the 2011 season, beating the Industriales de Valencia team in the final.
The access to the State is possible by water, land and air; the entrance from the States of Amazonas, Apure, Guárico, Anzoátegui, Monagas and Delta Amacuro; being the international airports of Ciudad Bolívar and Ciudad Guayana the most important, also has international access.
Other airports of national traffic are in La Urbana, Caicara del Orinoco, Upata, Guasipati, La Paragua, El Dorado, Santa Elena de Uairén, Canaima and other smaller ones distributed in the entity.
The main land routes are the North Trunk Highway 19 which, through the Angostura Bridge, crosses the Orinoco River from the State of Anzoátegui Municipality of Independencia, Soledad to Ciudad Bolívar and continues to Ciudad Guayana; and the Highway that, through the Orinoquia Bridge, crosses the Orinoco and joins Trunk Highway 19 very close to Ciudad Guayana.
From here the Trunk 10 starts via Upata, Guasipati, El Callao, Tumeremo, El Dorado, La Escalera - Gran Saba - km 88, until Santa Elena de Uairen, crosses the border with Brazil, reaches the Line to continue to Boa Vista and Manaos Brazil.
The waterways are mainly on the Orinoco, in fishing boats among others, but there are also trips on certain rivers of the state, such as the Caura and the Caroní.
The Tocoma Dam officially known as the Manuel Piar Hydroelectric Plant is a Venezuelan hydroelectric plant located on the lower Caroni River in the state of Bolivar.
Ten Kaplan generating units of 230 MW, manufactured by the Argentine company IMPSA, are expected to start operations between 2012 and 2014.
The Caruachi Dam is a water reservoir located more than 60 kilometers downstream of the Guri Reservoir, and 25 kilometers upstream of the Macagua Reservoir in Venezuela.
CVG Edelca, in view of the high environmental impact caused by the construction of the third hydroelectric dam in the Caroní, worked together with the Ministry of the Environment to rescue the flora, fauna and valuable archeological treasures found in the region, which are now permanently exhibited in the Caroní Ecomuseum.
The 12 generators in the engine room of the Caruachi Dam are covered with reproductions of baskets of the Yekuana ethnic group.
Each turbine represents the myths of the tribe covering a space of 16 meters in diameter to cover the entire turbine.
The Macagua Dam, also known as the Antonio Jose de Sucre Hydroelectric Plant, is part of the Bolivar State Electricity Generating Park.
It consists of three stages: Macagua I, which has 6 small units; Macagua II, which has 12 units; and the newer Macagua III, which has 2 units.
One of the greatest attractions of the place is a bridge that stands on the spillway, through which you can drive.
It organizes its administration and its public powers through the Constitution of the State of Bolivar, approved by the Legislative Council in Ciudad Bolivar on July 2, 2001.
The Governor is elected by the people through direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of being reelected continuously, being in charge of the state administration.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
The State Legislature is the responsibility of the unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Bolivar, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, with the possibility of continuous re-election, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the State and its municipalities.
The State has 15 deputies, of which 4 belong to the opposition and 11 to the ruling party, including a representation of the indigenous peoples and communities of the State of Bolivar.
Exploiting this reactivity, copper nitrate can be used to generate nitric acid by heating it until decomposition and passing the fumes directly into water.
The alpha form has only one Cu environment, with [4+1] coordination, but the beta form has two different copper centers, one with [4+1] and one that is square planar.
Five hydrates have been reported: the monohydrate (Cu(NO)·HO), the sesquihydrate (Cu(NO)·1.5HO), the hemipentahydrate (Cu(NO)·2.5HO), a trihydrate (Cu(NO)·3HO), and a hexahydrate ([Cu(HO)](NO)).
The hexahydrate is interesting because the Cu-O distances are all equal, not revealing the usual effect of Jahn-Teller distortion that is otherwise characteristic of octahedral Cu(II) complexes.
Copper(II) nitrate finds a variety of applications, the main one being its conversion to copper(II) oxide, which is used as catalyst for a variety of processes in organic chemistry.
The city of San Carlos was founded in 1760 by the missionaries Fray Gabriel de San Lucas and Fray Salvador de Cadiz, with the name of San Carlos de Austria.
By that same Royal Decree, the Missionaries of the Province of Caracas were granted the pertinent attributions to found a Spanish village on the banks of the Tirgua River, which would serve as a permanent seat and refuge for the Indians who were gathered in the Missions and nearby towns, with the aim of imposing them in community life.
Other important towns founded by that time were El Pao (1661); Nuestra Señora de la Chiquinquirá de El Tinaco, founded by Fray Pablo de Orichuela (1760); Santa Clara de Caramacate, by Fray Cirilo Bautista de Sevilla (1750), which were under the jurisdiction and administration of the Province of Caracas, with the category of Cantons.
The current territory of Cojedes was part of the province of Carabobo until March 3, 1855, when the Legislative Assembly created the province of Cojedes with capital in San Carlos, with the cantons of San Carlos, Tinaco and Pao.
The assassination of General Ezequiel Zamora, on January 10, 1860, occurred in front of the San Juan Church, where a stray bullet took his life.
The story of General Castro is accompanied by a series of testimonies of people who even accompanied General Zamora at the time of his death and later in the various burials.
On March 28, 1864, Cojedes ceased to be a province and became one of the founding states of the United States of Venezuela, to comply with the provisions of the federal Constitution in force for that year.6 In 1866 it merged with Carabobo into a single territorial entity, thus lasting until 1872 when they separated again.
In 1879 it became part of the State of the South, which also included Carabobo, Portuguesa, Zamora and the Nirgua department of the State of Yaracuy.
In 1901 it regained its statehood, however this was lost in 1904 when it became part of the state of Zamora, until August 4, 1909 when it acquired its autonomy again.
In 1989 the first direct universal and secret regional elections for governor were held and the then called Cojedes State Legislative Assembly.
It is made up of large extensions of plains populated by forests and savannahs that dominate the landscape, where there are also extensive herds of cattle, one of the main economic resources of the state.
The regional tree is the apamate, which is one of the most beautiful, useful and most cultivated trees of the Venezuelan flora.
Among the mammals that can be found in the territory of the state are the Araguato and Capuchin monkeys, the cunaguaro, the limpet and the tapir.
You can also find birds such as the maracana macaw (Ara severus), several species of parakeets and parrots, herons and more.
The state of Cojedes has important water sources, such as the Pao dam, located in the Pao municipality, which has more than 1,500 hectares and supplies water to the states of Aragua and Carabobo.
According to the MAC 89/91 Agricultural Statistical Yearbook, the main products grown in the state are: corn, yam, sorghum, quinchoncho, cassava, mango and other fruits.
Lumber production, initially based on the irrational extraction of fine species, has lately been oriented towards the so-called hard and soft woods, diminishing the productive capacity of the forests.
The plumages (bracelets and earrings) and Yanomami ornaments, the Arawak group ornaments and the masks and ornaments of the piaroas, are the most difficult pieces to obtain and therefore have a unique value.
As it is a plain state, it is common to consume meat from hunting such as: deer, capybara (chigüire), paca (lapa), etc.
Various sports are practiced in the state, in 2003 the Universidad Iberoamericana del Deporte (now called Universidad deportiva del sur) was inaugurated.
This state is autonomous and equal in political terms, it organizes its administration and public powers through a Constitution of the Cojedes State, dictated by the Legislative Council.
It is composed of the Governor of Cojedes State and a group of State Secretaries who are appointed by him to assist him in the management of the government.
The Governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of being re-elected continuously, being in charge of the state administration.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of the State of Cojedes, a unicameral body, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and may be re-elected for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
Delta Amacuro State (, ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, and is the location of the Orinoco Delta.
The Paria Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are found to the north, Bolívar State is found to the south, the Atlantic Ocean and Guyana are found to the east, and Monagas State is found to the west.
Based on theories, anthropological evidence and oral tradition, the antecedents of human activity within this territory date from the time of the first displacements through America; Groups from the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes were introduced into the Lower Orinoco, they are called Kotoch or Chavinses; They developed knowledge of pottery -of which formal and technical reminiscences in ceramics are kept- and horticulture.
With time other groups established themselves in its surface, the oral Tradition stands out among them the Barrancas, who through the cultivation of the bitter yucca reached a remarkable economic development and social structure, even with agricultural surpluses that could have stimulated some type of commerce through the monopoly of its production.
The expansion of this and other tribes could date back to the beginning of the first millennium, reaching the northeast coast, a large part of the central coast and the Lesser Antilles by the end of this one.
The most recent archaeological evidence of pre-Columbian human activity is attributed to the Warao Ethnic Group, according to verbally documented stories; its members joined as deserters from other hostile tribes, probably being displaced from the north of Brazil or the Eastern Savannah; currently some inhabitants of the state continue to identify themselves as part of this tribe and are a legally recognized group within its demography.
They were originally fishermen, hunters and gatherers, but later became farmers with the introduction of the Chinese Ocumo from the island of Trinidad and Guyana.
Thanks to the remoteness of the Delta, the Warao managed to keep a certain independence from the European and later criollo colonizers.
He wrote about the macareo, the noise that occurs when a large river flow (the Orinoco river) meets the ocean currents.
Vicente Yañez Pinzón in 1500 discovered the Delta and Diego de Ordaz, commander of the Order of Santiago, captain of Hernán Cortés, in 1532 climbed the Orinoco to the confluence with the Meta River.
The first documented naval expedition from this region occurred in June 1531 (38 years after the Discovery of America) by Diego de Ordaz, who decided to explore the Orinoco with several ships.3 Antonio Berrío entered the region in the 1580s.
During this century, several governors, both Spanish and English (from Trinidad) tried to join the Warao and structure them into populations, which caused their desertion to the territories of Suriname.
Raleigh referred to the Tivativa as the inhabitants of that region.4 He said they were divided into two tribes, the Ciawani and the Waraweete.
Alexander von Humboldt documented in his Journeys to the Equatorial Regions that the Waraos were the only indigenous people still outside the control of the Colony.
The settlement of non-indigenous people began in 1848 when Julián Flores, Juan Millán, Tomás Rodríguez, Regino Suiva and others founded the Forty-Eight Settlement which is the predecessor of the present Tucupita.
Before 1884, this region was part of the Department of Zea, within the State of Guayana, which was segregated in 1884.
On February 27th, 1884, the delimitation of the Delta Federal Territory was constitutionally established with an area of 63,667 km²; formed by the districts of Manoa and Guzmán Blanco, being Pedernales its capital.
On October 21, 1893 the entity disappears from the federal map, after being annexed to the state of Bolivar during international tensions with the United Kingdom over the area of the Delta claimed by British Guyana.
On October 3, 1899, through the Arbitration Award of Paris and the representation of the United States based on the Monroe Doctrine, the government of Ignacio Andrade loses to the United Kingdom 23,467 km² of this region, being annexed to British Guyana.
On April 26, 1901, it was restored under the name of Territorio Federal Delta Amacuro, composed of the districts of Barima and Tucupita.
In 1940 the Organic Law of the Federal Territory Delta Amacuro was promulgated, which divided it into the departments of Tucupita, Pedernales and Antonio Díaz.
4,295 of August 3, 1991, the Special Law was promulgated, giving the Territory the status of State, with the same political-territorial division as before.
On January 25, 1995, the State Legislative Assembly issued its second Law of Political Territorial Division, with the 4 current municipalities; it also annexes to the state the hamlets Nuevo Mundo, Platanal, El Triunfo and El Triunfito, previously under the jurisdiction of the State of Bolivar.
In the last decade, Delta Amacuro has seen an important migration of criollo Venezuelans looking for jobs in the oil sector.
The state of Delta Amacuro has an extension of 40,200 kilometers, which represents a little more than 4.6% of the national territory of Venezuela.
It is strategically important because it is one of the few territories with direct access to the Atlantic Ocean (most of the Venezuelan coast is made up of waters in the Caribbean Sea or Sea of the Antilles).
The region is located in the extreme east of Venezuela and its main geographical feature is the Orinoco River Delta (the most important and longest in Venezuela) with 18,810 square kilometers and the so-called Serrania del Imataca which has 21390 square kilometers and extends even to the neighboring states of Bolivar and Monagas.
Four types of plant formations can be recognized: Forest mainly of mangrove and with more importance in the forest reserve of the Imataca, Forest mainly in the center of the state, Savannah mainly in the west of the Region and estuary in the eastern part that gives to the Atlantic Ocean.
The state has its highest point in the so-called Monte Indira with 687 meters above sea level which contrasts with its lowest point in the sector of Casacoima with -48 meters above sea level.
Its climate is affected by the proximity to the coast and the rivers that cross it being mostly tropical rainy in the continental or internal zone but of Savannah when approaching the coast.
The population of the region went from only 5,766 inhabitants in 1873 to 33,648 in 1950 when it was still a federal territory.
At the beginning of 1990, when it was preparing to become a state of Venezuela, it had 84,564 inhabitants, with the population estimated at 197,200 by 2017.
According to the INE census of indigenous communities, there were some 26,080 indigenous people, mainly Waraos, in the state by 2001.
According to the population count for First Nations, there were in 2001 some 2680 Native Americans in the Delta, most of which were Waraos.
According to article 13 of the constitution of the State of Delta Amacuro of 2015 the official language of the State is Spanish but in recognition of the multiethnic and pluricultural condition of the region, the indigenous languages of the State are also official, highlighting in this article the fundamental use of the Warao language.
According to article 14 of the same legal text, education in the state will be given in Spanish, but in the indigenous communities it will be accompanied by the respective local language, taking into account the indigenous educators to guarantee a bilingual education.
The State of Delta Amacuro stands out for its natural landscapes, rivers, islands and streams, its tropical forest and variety of animals that can be observed in their natural habitat.
It is an autonomous state and politically equal to the rest of the Federation, it organizes its administration and its public powers through the Constitution of the State Delta Amacuro, dictated by the Legislative Council.
It is composed of State Governor Delta Amacuro and a group of State Secretaries who are appointed by him and serve as his assistants in the management of the Government.
The Governor is elected by the people by direct and secret ballot for a four-year term with the possibility of re-election.
Since its creation as a federal state by special law in 1992, Delta Amacuro State has elected its governors in direct elections.
The current governor is Lizeta Hernández Abchi, a member of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), who is re-elected for the 2017-2021 term.
The state legislature is the unicameral Legislative Council of Delta Amacuro State, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, being able to be reelected for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities, the state has 7 deputies, the 7 belong to the officialism.
The area was first explored in 1499 by Juan de la Cosa and Américo Vespucio, as part of an expedition supervised by Alonso de Ojeda.
In 1811, when Venezuela declared its independence, Coro remained faithful to the Spanish Crown and merged with the Province of Maracaibo, until Fernando VII decreed the creation of the Province of Coro in 1815.
Finally in 1821 when it was liberated by Josefa Camejo during the War of Independence it appears as a province of the department of Zulia of the Republic of the Great Colombia.
In 1856 it is confirmed its category of province integrated by the cantons of Coro, San Luis, Casigua, Costa Arriba, Cumarebo and Paraguaná.
In 1859, after the events of the initiation of the Federal War that took place on February 20th in Coro, it is declared the Independent State of Coro.
In 1899 it suffers a change of name, recovering for a short period of time its historical denomination of Estado Coro; returning in 1901 with the name that is known at the present time.
In 1899, the territory comprising the towns of Tucacas and Chichiriviche, which until that year belonged to the Great State of Lara, was annexed, giving to the latter what is now the municipality of Urdaneta.
Coro, the capital, founded with the name of Santa Ana de Coro, was declared National Monument in 1950, and UNESCO has named it Cultural Patrimony of the Humanity in 1993.
To the south, it is made up of medium altitude mountain ranges configured from east to west, which in the eastern part of the state reach the Caribbean forming maritime valleys.
While the western part, from the city of Coro there is a coastal plain that runs parallel to the Gulf of Venezuela.
To the north lies one of the most characteristic geographic features that make up the Venezuelan coast: the Paraguana Peninsula, linked to the mainland by the isthmus of Los Medanos de Coro.
In Coro there are 417 mm of rain per year, which usually falls in dry years, with an average temperature of 28.4 °C, while in Punto Fijo there are 316 mm of annual rainfall with average temperatures of 27.6 °C.
The extremely dry desert conditions, with rainfall of less than 300 mm, are recognised on the western coasts of Cordoba and above all on the isthmus of Los Médanos de Coro, with average annual temperatures of between 28 and 29 °C.
Somewhat more favorable, with temperatures between 25 and 27 °C, are the climatic conditions of the mountainous foothills, recognizing a sub-humid climate in the higher altitudes of the Sierras de San Luis and Churuguara, with annual rainfall of 1300 mm and average temperatures of 22 °C.
They vary in quality, but in general the availability of land for traditional agriculture can be classified as low, with 89% of very low potential, 3% of low potential and 6% of moderate potential.
The limitations of the arid and semi-arid soils come from salinity, water deficit caused by low rainfall, low concentration of organic matter and the influence of climatic agents such as wind.
The Corian System of Falcon State presents a diversity of landscapes ranging from coastal plains on its Caribbean side, to mountain ranges formed by valleys and hills, in an area of transition between the two major mountain systems of the country.
The Sierra de San Luis has the highest altitude of the entire system of basins of that state, but are very modest heights whose maximum does not exceed 1600 meters (Cerro Galicia).
Unlike the rest of the peninsula, the characteristics of Santa Ana Hill are the contrast between its greenness and the xerophytic vegetation of the Paraguaná area.
It has three peaks: the Santa Ana (the highest that ascends to about 830 meters above sea level), the Buena Vista and Moruy.
The state's hydrography is very poor, all the rivers flow into the north, either into the Caribbean Sea or the Gulf of Venezuela.
However, the main Venezuelan river of the Caribbean basin, the Tocuyo, bathes a large area of the state flowing into the Caribbean on the East Coast of the state after travelling 423 km.
From the basin of the Gulf of Venezuela, the main ones are the Matícora (201 km) and the Mitare with 120 km.
The fishing potential of its waters is enormous and among the species that are extracted are shrimp, octopus, squid, mackerel, corocoro, mullet, horse mackerel, lebranche and dogfish.
The latter inhabits the coastal mangroves of Morrocoy, Cuare and the isthmus, along with the sea shearwater, herons, corocoras, gannets and the flamingo.
Among the invertebrates, the Hueque scorpion (Tityus falconensis) stands out, discovered in the caves of the Juan Crisostomo Falcon National Park and which is distributed in a great part of the Falconian territory; the giant scolopendra, which is the largest centipede in the world, and the blue tarantula of Paraguaná (Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens) are also native.
In this environment, bats, savannah rabbits, common foxes, wild mice, iguanas and lizards stand out; and among the birds are the cardinal coriano and the paraulata llanera or chuchube (Mimus gilvus).
It is also the endemic site of the Hueque scorpion (Tityus falconensis), a species of native scorpion whose distribution is exclusively from the state of Falcon.
In the limestone formations of the sierra you can find the guácharo, as well as interesting birds such as the blacksmith's bell bird and the emerald-billed toucan, and reptiles such as the nibbling turtle, a species endemic to the mountains of the Sistema Coriano.
Early Cretaceous rocks cover the pre-existing sedimentary units in the South, in what is one of the thickest sections in South America.
To the east of Vela de Coro and Cumarebo, the foothills are supported by outcrops of the young Tertiary, also present to the north of Urumaco, where the stones are rough and darkened by iron oxide; while the plains concentrated in the lower part of the rivers are alluvial.
Due to the constant growth of urban areas, a decrease in rural life is observed, with the urban population reaching 67.3% of the total state population in 1990.
Other medium sized cities structure their respective areas of influence, highlighting Puerto Cumarebo (22 047 inhabitants), Dabajuro (15 269 inhabitants), Tucacas (12 970 inhabitants), Churuguara (10 800 inhabitants) and Mene de Mauroa (10 302 inhabitants).
Moreover, according to the last population census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 2011, 55.7% of the population is ethnically recognized as mestizo; 38.9% as Caucasian, concentrated mainly in the city of Punto Fijo; and 4.1% identified themselves as black.
The main economic activity in terms of employment is agriculture, with important crops such as coconut, onions, corn, tomatoes, patilla, melon, coffee, aloe and legumes.
The state of Falcon is the first producer of coconut and copra, goats and their derivatives; second in production of fish and vegetables such as onions, and paprika; third in production of bovine milk and melon.
The coconut alone has approximately 20,000 hectares cultivated, and there is availability for the expansion of surface area on the eastern coast of Falcon State.
Falcon State is one of the main producers of aloe vera in Venezuela, and in the coffee area has a farm of 3500 hectares, but with a provision of 12 700 hectares, distributed in the Sierra de Coro in the south of the federal entity.
In the Eastern Coast there are important plantations of coconut trees, which have developed an important industry of oil extraction and use of copra.
The annual production is 30,471 tons of fish and seafood, landed in the ports of Las Piedras, Carirubana, Puerto Cumarebo, Zazárida, Chichiriviche, and La Vela de Coro, highlighting the industrialization of crustaceans with the presence in the extensive coast of the state of shrimp farms, as in Boca de Ricoa and at various points of the Paraguaná peninsula.
In Falcón, there are some exploited oil fields in Mene de Mauroa, Media, Hombre Pintado and Tiguaje and natural gas fields in Cumarebo and other nearby areas.
However, the main activity of the oil industry is in the Paraguaná Refining Center, one of the largest in the world, made up of the Amuay Refining Complex and the Cardón Refinery, both with a capacity of 940,000 barrels of oil per day, which represents 75% of Venezuela's total refining capacity.
Falcón also has mineral deposits to generate basic inputs for industries such as ceramics, fertilizers, energy, chemicals, abrasives, metalworking, pharmaceuticals, pottery, and paint, among others.
It also has immense coal deposits in the western zone, with proven reserves for open-pit mining in the order of 20 million metric tons, and reserves estimated at 120 million metric tons, within a radius of action of 50,000 hectares.
Thanks to the dry and arid climate, there are five natural salt flats and some 220,000 hectares of land suitable for the construction of artificial salt flats spread throughout the Falconian territory.
Of all the salt mines, only the Las Cumaraguas salt mine is under industrial exploitation, the rest being exploited by hand.
Also thanks to its natural landscapes (like the Medanos de Coro and the National Parks Cueva de la Quebrada del Toro, Sierra de San Luis and Morrocoy) tourism is gaining importance in the economy of the State.
Large oil refineries such as the Paraguana Refinery Complex in the city of Punto Fijo are located on the southwestern shore of the Paraguaná Peninsula, and approximately two-thirds of Venezuela’s total oil production occurs in this area, much of which is exported via tanker ships that ship internationally through the port of Amuay.
The craftsmen of the towns that surround the city of Coro specialize in the manufacture of furniture with the wood of the cardon, the stick of Arch and the curarí.
In Paraguaná the clay is worked to build objects for current domestic use, applying the same techniques used by the Caquetíos Indians.
On the eastern coast the attraction is the basketwork made with bulrush, cocuiza and vines and the hammocks made with thread.
The typical Falconian food allows the enjoyment of a variety of flavors represented in its specialties, such as goat talkarí, celce coriano, goat milk cheese, custard, peeled arepa and goat milk candy.
At a national level, rice with coconut and rice pudding is one of the most popular sweets, especially during the Easter season.
Among these celebrations is the Baile de las Turas, which has its origin in an indigenous dance related to the hunting season and the harvesting of the corn crop.
The drum dances in the cities of Coro, La Vela and Puerto Cumarebo are very joyful and colorful, and the celebration of the Day of the Mad (December 28) in La Vela de Coro, with masked parades in the streets and public squares, reaches a display similar to that of the great carnivals of the world.
It organizes its administration and public powers through the Federal Constitution of Falcon State of 2004, issued by the Legislative Council.
It is composed of the Governor of the State of Falcon and a group of State Secretaries of his confidence who are freely appointed and removed by the regional government.
The first elected governor of Falcon was Aldo Cermeño of the Social Christian Party COPEI, who would govern in the period between 1989 and 1992.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It is a unicameral and autonomous body, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and may be re-elected for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
The cacique Chiparara managed to organize Carib and Otomac groups in the Llanos de Guárico to counter-attack the Spanish colonizing forces.4 After they were defeated, around 1653, the Carib and Otomac groups would retreat southward or lose cohesion and would be gradually assimilated.
Many of the settlers who settled in the area were Basque missionaries and encomenderos who founded Altagracia de Orituco on March 1, 1676.
Miguel de Urbés, a lieutenant of Joan Orpí, founded the city of Zaraza in 1645 with the name of San Miguel de la Nueva Tarragona del Batey.
Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland passed through the region in March 1800 on their way to the Orinoco and its tributaries.
During the time of Spanish rule, Guarico was part of the Province of Caracas, which belonged to the Captaincy General of Venezuela.
The military chief José Tomás Boves defeated Vicente Campo Elías in La Puerta, near San Juan de los Morros, on February 3, 1814.
A few months later, in June, the Spanish troops again under the command of Boves defeated the troops of Simón Bolívar and Santiago Mariño on the same battlefield.
After independence, Guárico became the scene of numerous battles in the civil wars that plagued the country in the 19th century.
Peasants and other poor people complained about social injustice and numerous groups criticized the political situation in which only a few elites held all the power.
In 1856 Guárico became part of the 21 provinces of Venezuela until 1864 when it was declared an independent state, and an integral part of the United States of Venezuela.
The battle itself did not give clear results, but the continuation of the guerrilla warfare after this episode led to the signing of a peace agreement on March 23, 1893 between the Federalists and the government of the caudillo Antonio Guzmán Blanco.
In 1879 the state became part of the Gran Estado Miranda with what is now Bolívar (present-day Miranda), Guzmán Blanco (present-day Aragua), Apure and Nueva Esparta.
On March 11, 1892, the caudillo Joaquín Crespo rose up against the president of that time, Raimundo Andueza Palacio, who had wanted to change the constitution at the beginning of 1892 in order to supposedly govern for two more years.
General Juan Vicente Gómez defeated near San Juan de los Morros the troops of General Luciano Mendoza, who was fighting on the side of the so-called Liberating Revolution against Cipriano Castro.
With 230 km², it is one of the largest irrigation reservoirs in Venezuela and has been contributing to the development of the country.
Guárico State is bounded on the north by Miranda, Aragua and Carabobo States, on the south by Bolívar and Apure, on the east by Anzoátegui State and on the west by Cojedes and Barinas States.
The mountainous part of Guárico includes the Fila de los Suspiros, bordering the state of Cojedes to the northwest, continues with the Fila de La Raya, also called La Escalera, until reaching the city of San Juan de los Morros, some of which can reach 2000 meters above sea level.
Other mountains to the east of the state include Cerro de las Minas, the Serranía de Guatopo strip on the sides of the Orituco River Valleys.
The rivers of the Unare Basin from Valle de la Pascua head towards the Caribbean Sea and include the main rivers: Unare, Quebrada Honda, Morichito, Ipire and Agua Amarilla.
The rest of the state has rivers that are tributaries of the Orinoco River, including the Apure River in its lower basin, Chirgua, Espino, Guárico, Macaira, Manapire, Memo, Tamanaco, Tiznados, Tucupido, Orituco and Zuata.
It is important to mention that because the last census was conducted in 2011, the population in the cities has changed significantly over the past few years.
It is currently estimated that the capital, San Juan de los Morros is the most populated city in the state of Guarico, with 160,248 inhabitants.
This activity is linked to the agro-industrial sector, both supported by the existence of 16 reservoirs and three risk systems (Guárico, Orituco, and Tiznados rivers).
And within the timber activity, the production of wood in rola is located in the seventh place of the national total.
In the Boyacá Field located in the south-central part of Guárico State there are 8 oil blocks and reserves estimated at 489 billion barrels.
In the Junín Field located in the Southeast of Guárico State and the Southwest of Anzoátegui State there are 10 blocks with reserves estimated at 557,000 million barrels.
They are located between the towns of Ortiz and San Francisco de Cara, 60 km from San Juan de Los Morros.
Its area is covered by savannahs and forests, rivers, lagoons and a rich flora of great color and beauty and a varied fauna.
It is located between the districts of Independencia, Lander and Acevedo in the state of Miranda and the district of Monagas in the state of Guarico.
Main source of water supply and treatment for the Orituco, especially for the valleys, and which is revealed in the area where the population of Guanape once existed.
The dam is built with cement, stone, and sand; its gates are constantly monitored by a control point, which is manually backed up if it does not work.
The western boundary of the monument is determined by the road that connects Altagracia de Orituco with San Francisco de Macaira.
The vegetation is mainly composed of semi-deciduous forests and semi-deciduous shrubs in the mountainous forest region of the Venezuelan coastal range.
The name and current boundaries of the province are the result of the political organization defined in the Ley de División Político Territorial (Political Territorial Division Law) of April 28, 1856.
Built in 1976, it supplies approximately 300 liters per second to San Juan de los Morros and is also a recreational park with activities planned and directed by groups based on government programs.
This festivity generally takes place in February in the city of Zaraza, being the main tourist attraction in that season in the whole llanoriental region, one of the main and most important carnivals in Venezuela, capable of attracting exorbitant numbers of tourists compared to other festivities of the same nature.
Religious and socio-cultural festivities that take place from September 21 to October 4, in Altagracia de Orituco, where the most famous national groups attend.
Religious and socio-cultural festivities, which take place in the first week of February, motivated by the day of Our Lady of Candelaria on February 2.
They are considered one of the most important fairs in the state, where there are also agricultural and livestock exhibitions, with national call and / or participation.
The motive for this entertainment revolves around the hunting of the bird, the plea not to kill it and the intervention of the sorcerer to resurrect it.
It is a dance where the main character of the dance wears a costume that allows him to represent donkey and rider at the same time.
She dances to the beat of a joropo, does pirouettes, brays and does all the things typical of the donkey and her rider.
When the Spaniards arrived to American lands they brought with them manifestations, expressions and religious celebrations and these joined those contributed by the manifestations of our aborigines and the afrodecendant culture enriching the cultural legacy.
The Burriquita is part of the transfer of cultures from Spain, it has influence in two manifestations: the dance of the heifers and the horses.
It entered through Cubagua, the first settlement in our territory due to its pearl wealth and later with the system of missions and parcels penetrate the entire country, the first to present this manifestation fuela Zone of the East of the country and then spread throughout the width and length of Venezuela.
You can see the burriquita dancing in the streets especially during Carnival, but also at Christmas Easter in some places in the east and west of the country.
Another well known dish throughout the country, but which in San Juan presents a variation is mondongo, since in addition to vegetables and beef, lemon, cattle feet and belly are added.
Another dish is the fried permitta, where the meat of this exquisite fish is used, seasoned with garlic, salt and lemon; then it is fried wrapped in flour.
It is also very famous the morrocoy cake, a very appreciated dish all over the country, whose elaboration is based on the morrocoy meat, seasoning, raisins, eggs, potatoes, wine and spices.
The variant of this recipe -considered a delicacy- is the turtle cake, which has the same ingredients, except for the meat.
In some parts of the country, this culinary tradition has been diminished for ecological reasons, in order to preserve the species.
It is not only a danceable expression, but also a party where corridos, galerones, golpes, passages and other folkloric tonalities are sung and danced.
It takes place at any time of the year and the motive can be a baptism, birthday or the celebration of a patron saint's day.
The music of the joropo is played with typical instruments such as cuatro, maracas and harp, which accompany songs and choruses.
The zapateo and escobilleo, which are steps of the joropo, are mixed in the state with typical turns of the region like the remolino, the cuartao and the toriao.
It is an autonomous and equal state in political terms, organizing its administration and public powers through a Constitution of the Guárico State, dictated by the Legislative Council.
According to Article 160 of the Venezuelan Constitution of 1999, the governor must be: Venezuelan, over twenty-five years old and from a secular state.
The governor appoints a group of trusted secretaries to assist him in the functions of the government who are freely appointed and removed.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of the State of Guárico, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people through a universal direct and secret vote every four years.
It can be reelected for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
The fern is a cryptogamic plant with rough, deeply divided and usually altered leaves, which is distributed all over the world.
During the colony and a large part of the independence period, the current territory of Lara belonged to the province of Caracas.
In 1832, after the disintegration of the Great Colombia, the region was disintegrated; it was then constituted in the Province of Barquisimeto, which included the cantons of Quíbor, El Tocuyo, Carora and Barquisimeto; besides others that conform today the state of Yaracuy.
In 1856, through the new law of territorial division, San Felipe and Yaritagua joined Nirgua to form the Province of Yaracuy.
It is in these towns, mainly in El Tocuyo and Barquisimeto, where the first lights of Venezuelan Independence were documented, and from which the construction of Venezuela was undertaken with the towns, cities and roads that unite the great part of this territory.
In 1881, the creation of the Great State of the North of the West was agreed upon, to which the areas of Lara and Yaracuy were added.
In August of that same year, the state was given the name Lara, in honor of the patriot General Jacinto Lara.
In 1899, the Congress established the autonomy of the 20 states, as contemplated in the 1864 constitution, a division that was confirmed in 1909, through a constitutional reform, which has been maintained until today.
In 1899, the territory corresponding to the current municipalities Silva and Monseñor Iturriza of the state of Falcon were integrated into the latter state in exchange for what today is the municipality Urdaneta.
When the Europeans arrived in Venezuela, the region that is now Lara was inhabited by various ethnic groups such as the gayones, ayomanes and coyones.
These peoples spoke, according to what anthropologists have been able to reconstruct from Spanish sources, languages of the Jirajarana linguistic family.6 The valleys of Quíbor, Barquisimeto and El Tocuyo had a relatively high population density and the peoples of the region practiced agriculture.
From 1529 to the 1940s the German conquerors carried out massacres of entire villages and tried to enslave the remaining indigenous people.
Several of the first permanent populations of Europeans settled here because of the fertility of the region and the availability of indigenous labour.
The Welser administration was in permanent conflict with the interests of the Spaniards, who accused them of failing to carry out the task of colonization, among other things.
In 1545, Juan de Carvajal, who lived in Coro, went with several families of colonists to the area of El Tocuyo and there he began to distribute the natives according to the encomienda system.
El Tocuyo became one of the most important axes of the Venezuelan economy and also the center of operations of the Spanish conquest in the territory.
The region of El Tocuyo and Barquisimeto had convents that offered education to the inhabitants at a higher level than in other regions of Venezuela.
In 1832, after the disintegration of Gran Colombia, the region was disbanded; it was then constituted in the Province of Barquisimeto, which included the cantons of Quíbor, El Tocuyo, Carora and Barquisimeto; in addition to others that today make up the state of Yaracuy.
In 1856, through the new law of territorial division, San Felipe and Yaritagua joined Nirgua to form the Province of Yaracuy.
In 1881, it was agreed to create the Great State of the North of the West, to which the areas of Lara and Yaracuy were added.
In August of that same year the name of Lara State was assigned in honor of the patriot General Jacinto Lara.
In 1899,12 the Congress established the autonomy of the 20 states, as contemplated in the 1864 constitution, a division that was confirmed in 1909, through a constitutional reform, which has been maintained until today.
Until 1899 this state had access to the sea with the populations of Tucacas and Chichiriviche, currently belonging to the state of Falcon.
It is bordered on the north by Falcon State; on the south by Portuguesa and Trujillo States; on the east by Yaracuy State and on the west by Zulia State.
This state has 19,800 square kilometers (19,800 square miles) which represents 2.15% of the national territory, a territory almost equivalent to the size of Israel.
The waters of the state's rivers flow from three different sources: the Caribbean, the Atlantic through the Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo.
The relief is not very high but is very varied, so we can find from cloud forests of pleasant climate to some of the hottest and driest areas of the Venezuelan geography.
Among the landscapes of moderate height, the pressures of Carora, Barquisimeto and Yaracuy stand out, while the Sierra de Aroa, the Nirgua Massif and the Andean buttress present more broken reliefs.
The Barquisimeto high plateau is a privileged place for human settlement, commerce and communications, while the valley of the turbid river allows for intense agricultural use, in contrast to the aridity of the surrounding xerophytic vegetation.
It is integrated by the last foothills of the Venezuelan Andes System, located in the south and southwest of the state respectively.
It is as varied as its relief and climate, although in almost all the territory xerophilous vegetation predominates, represented by cujíes, tunas, espinares and cardonales.
To the west, in the Carora depression, the forest community is poor with a predominance of sparse and xerophytic thorn trees.
The cujíes and cardones dominate the central and northern areas, while towards the south and in the mountainous areas the vegetation cover goes from the bushes to the semi-humid forests.
It presents from mountain areas with geological components of the secondary and tertiary era to extensive plains formed by large alluvial contributions of the Quaternary era, through valley landscapes, formed by sediments of Quaternary origin.
The dry atmosphere is typical, since evaporation exceeds precipitation, reaching until 650 mm of annual average, with rain falling at different times according to geographycal location..
The average annual temperature fluctuates between 19 °C (66,2 °F) and 29 °C (84,2 °F), with an average of 24 °C (75,2 °F) in the capital, Barquisimeto.
The climate tends to vary between cold moor (in mountainous areas) and semi-arid tropical dry climate (specific in the area of the Lara´s Depression, where the city of Carora and surrounding populations are located).
In general, the climate tends to vary between cold moorland (in the mountainous areas) and dry semi-arid tropical climate (mainly in the area of the Larense Depression where the city of Carora and surrounding towns are located).
The tropical steppe climate (semi-arid) is located specifically towards the northern part of the states of Zulia and Falcón, the Lara-Falcón depression, the central coastal zone, the coastal areas of the Unare depression and part of the state of Sucre, towards the Gulf of Cariaco, and a large part of the island of Margarita.
About 60% of the land in the west of Lara State is mountainous and presents soils of slow permeability, fine texture, reddish color and commonly acid reaction.
To the southeast of Carora the soils are stony, without a well developed profile, variable permeability, acid reaction, fast runoff and strong erosion.
In the area corresponding to the beaches the low permeability, the flooding, the predominant clayey texture and the appreciable content of salts limit their use.
Among the most important industries in the state of Lara are the metalworking (Turbio´s steel industry, SIDETUR; food processing, clothing apparel, textile printing and processing (based sisal fiber) sector.
The most manufacturing are in the small and medium industry because, except for its sugar mills, Almost all its industrial park consists of companies of less than two hundred workers.
More than 50% of the population is concentrated in the capital (Barquisimeto) where the main commercial, financial and industrial activities are located.
Despite the dynamism that has reached, places the entity as one of the most important recipients of migratory flows in the country, which has also reached urban centers such as: Carora, Quibor, El Tocuyo, Cubiro, Cabudare and Duaca; which base the economy in agricultural activities.
Lara, located in the commercial corridors that link the West, the Andes, the center and the east of the country, is an important receiver and distributor of foodstuffs to other regions inside and outside Venezuela (export) through the wholesale market that commercializes a third of the fresh food consumed in the country, Mercabar.
Considered since 1950 to be one of the cities least dependent on oil, agriculture and trade are the main economic activities in the region that contributes: 22% of coffee, 26% of sugar cane, 90% of pineapple, 31% of grapes, 54% of onions, 12% of tomatoes, 54% of paprika, 29% of cabbage, 100% of sisal and 22% of potatoes.
However, today only around 25 thousand hectares are irrigated due to the lack of water, which could change radically with the completion of the Yacambú hydraulic project and the hydraulic works for the Urdaneta and Torres municipalities, infrastructures that would provide around 60 hectares of arable land in the central north of the state.
From the industrial point of view, in the state of Lara this type of activity is concentrated in the city of Barquisimeto, which has industrial zones of important magnitude and production capacity.
Important administrative and public service activities are concentrated in the state metropolis of Barquisimeto, together with all kinds of commerce, banking and financial entities, due to its strategic location on the road network in the West of the country, and with its railway connection to Puerto Cabello and Acarigua.
In addition, there are metal-mechanic, agro-industrial and textile industrial establishments, both in the city and in its immediate surroundings, such as cement plants, sugar mills, milk processing plants and others.
Of special relevance are the agricultural activities, especially the cultivation of sugar cane in the valleys of the rivers Tocuyo, Turbio and various regions; of specialized horticulture of onions, peppers and tomatoes in Quibor; of viticulture in Carora and El Tocuyo; of sisal and coconut crops, along with pineapple, in the dry areas.
Important are the cattle activities, as much of the modern milk cattle ranch, like of the traditional cattle ranch of goats.
Various types of tourism are taking on increasing significance, with emphasis on the expansion of the rich Larense craftsmanship in places like Guadalupe and Tintorero.
The state has metallic and non-metallic minerals, especially red and white clays, silica sands, gravels, iron, mercury, pyrrhophyllites, and various types of limestone.
The rivers, reservoirs and thermal water sources such as the dams of Dos Cerritos, Yacambú, Atarigua, Arenales, and the San Miguel Volcano provide hydraulic and geothermal potential.
Apart from the churches, the monument with the mantle of Mary stands out, which was built to honor the Virgin Mary in her dedication to the Divina Pastora.
These quarters will be separated by a red bar, which will contain two cannons, and in the center, a fortress on a silver field.
At the top, the Star of the West will shine and the whole shield will be encircled by a laurel wreath with a silver band.
The festivity has its origins in the Andes Larenses (Sanare-El Tocuyo) and is celebrated every June 13th; but a Tamunangue can be held at any time of the year.
She is the spiritual patron of the city and is one of the Marian invocations with many followers in the region.
Every January 14th a multitudinous procession is held in which this image is carried from Santa Rosa to the Cathedral of Barquisimeto.
More than two and a half million people have been counted,29 which would make it the second most important Marian procession in the world.
In the state of Lara, different and varied cultural manifestations of folklore are mixed, which clearly enrich the society of the central-western part of the country.
In football highlights the Deportivo Lara based in the Metropolitan Stadium one of the most modern sports facilities in this region of the country, in baseball you can mention the Cardinals of Lara based in the historic Antonio Herrera Gutierrez Stadium, while in Basketball the most important team is Guaros de Lara based in the Domo Bolivariano.
As a state it is autonomous and equal in political terms to its peers, it organizes its administration and public powers through a Constitution of the Lara State, dictated by the Legislative Council.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It is composed by the Governor of Lara State and a group of State Secretaries of his confidence who are officials of free appointment and removal.
The Governor is elected by the people through direct, universal and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of continuous re-election for new periods, being in charge of the state administration.
The Governor must render an annual account of his actions before the regional parliament called the Legislative Council of Lara State.
The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of Lara State, a unicameral parliament elected by the people through direct, universal and secret vote every four years.
The legislature can be reelected for consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
The work is scored for two flutes and piccolo, two oboes, two clarinets and E clarinet, two bassoons and contrabassoon, four horns, three B trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, triangle, cymbals, bass drum, tam-tam, glockenspiel, xylophone, two harps (one part), piano, celesta and strings.
1, composed in 1936–37), most notably in the last movement, which uses a poem by Alexander Pushkin (find text and a translation here) that deals with the matter of rebirth.
With the Fifth Symphony, Shostakovich gained an unprecedented triumph, with the music appealing equally—and remarkably—to both the public and official critics, though the overwhelming public response to the work initially aroused suspicions among certain officials.
The then-head of the Leningrad Philharmonic, Mikhail Chulaki, recalls that certain authorities bristled at Mravinsky's gesture of lifting the score above his head to the cheering audience, and a subsequent performance was attended by two plainly hostile officials, V.N.
The composer himself seemed to second this view long after the fact, in a conversation with author Chinghiz Aitmatov in the late 1960s.
It also recalled a genre of Russian symphonic works written in memory of the dead, including pieces by Glazunov, Steinberg, Rimsky-Korsakov and Stravinsky.
Typical of these works is the use of the tremolo in the strings as a reference to the hallowed ambience of the requiem.
More tellingly, he organized each movement along clear lines, having concluded that a symphony cannot be a viable work without firm architecture.
It has been said that, in the Fifth Symphony, the best qualities of Shostakovich's music, such as meditation, humor and grandeur, blend in perfect balance and self-fulfillment.
While most performances and recordings of the symphony have ended with a gradual acceleration of the coda, especially Leonard Bernstein's October 1959 Columbia Records recording with the New York Philharmonic (following a performance in Moscow in the presence of the composer), more recent renditions have reflected a different interpretation (though not clearly provable) of Shostakovich's intention.
Shostakovich's friend and colleague Mstislav Rostropovich conducted the closing minutes in a much slower, subdued manner, never accelerating; he did this in a performance in Russia with the National Symphony Orchestra and in their commercial Teldec recording.
Located in the Western Andean Region, Mérida State covers a total surface area of , making it the fifteenth-largest in Venezuela.
According to recent studies in archaeology, history and anthropology, The Andean region seems to have been inhabited since very remote times (perhaps several thousand years) by unknown groups that have left very few traces.
Then, around our era, another ethnic group of great cultural importance arrives in the region, perhaps of Chibcha origin, since they share with these their mythology, funeral and settlement patterns, housing construction, agricultural techniques, etc.
When the Spanish arrive in the Andean Cordillera it will be with this second group you will come in contact with.
Another later and significant influence for the Andean pre-Hispanic culture are the Arawak groups, belonging to the most important ethnic groups of South America and the Caribbean, which migrated to the Venezuelan Andes during the 9th century AD.
Thanks to this, the current toponymy of the Venezuelan Andes has preserved the names of the many indigenous groups that inhabited this region: Chama, Mocotíes, Mucuchíes, Mucutuy, Aricagua, etc.
In 1558 Juan Rodríguez Suárez founded the city of Mérida, in the name of the Corregimiento de Tunja, in honor of his native city of Mérida in Spain.
In December 1607 Merida was separated from the Corregimiento de Tunja and united with the government of La Grita forming the corregimiento de Merida y La Grita.
By 1677 the Pirate Michel de Grandmont sacked Trujillo, this attack led Governor Jorge de Madureira to change the capital of the province to the city of Maracaibo in 1678, to organize a more effective defense of the territory.
The territory of the province of Merida depended on the Viceroyalty of New Granada until 1777, when the Captaincy General of Venezuela was created.
In 1811 the province of Merida decided to rebel against Spain and join the process of Venezuelan Independence, along with seven other provinces to form the First Republic of Venezuela.
The following year during the Admirable Campaign, Simón Bolívar liberates Mérida from the Realists, entering through La Grita (then the province of Mérida) in May 1813.
With the victory of Boyacá on August 7, only the provinces of Maracaibo and Coro remained realistic and Merida was incorporated into the Third Republic of Venezuela.
In 1821 Merida was incorporated into Gran Colombia as part of the Department of Zulia, but in 1830 when Venezuela separated from Gran Colombia, the Department of Zulia was renamed the Province of Maracaibo.
In 1835 the division of the province was established in: Canton Mérida, Canton Mucuchíes, Canton Ejido, Canton Bailadores, Canton La Grita, Canton San Cristóbal and Canton San Antonio del Táchira and in 1842 the governor of the province Gabriel Picón inaugurates the first monument to Bolívar in the world known as La Columna in Milla Park.
Around 1856 the cantons of La Grita, San Crsitóbal and San Antonio del Táchira separate to form the Province of Táchira.
At the beginning of the century in 1912, after the closure of the Universidad Central de Venezuela by the government of Juan Vicente Gómez, the city of Mérida was left as the only one in the country with access to higher education, a situation that would last until 1922 when the UCV was reopened.
The state of Merida is located in the west of Venezuela, in the so-called Andean region, forming part of the Andes mountain range of the South American continent; of the three states (Merida, Tachira and Trujillo) that are located in this region.
The territory of the state is located in the highest part of Venezuela, therefore, makes Merida the highest state of Venezuela, with altitudes above 4,000 m.a.s.l., reaching its highest point in Pico Bolivar at about 4,970 m.a.s.l.
Mérida is one of the states with the greatest geographical diversity, presenting different landscapes throughout its territory, with high areas above 4,000 m.a.s.l., medium areas with elevations around 900 and 1,600 m.a.s.l.
The climate is temperate but in the relatively small area of Mérida state, there are usually several dramatic climatic changes that occur daily.
The climate in Mérida city has an average high temperatures between 24 °C and 25 °C, and low temperatures between 14 °C and 16 °C.
The vegetation is exuberant and there are many lakes and rivers, a great number of which are well stocked with trout, one of the delicacies of Mérida.
The hydrography of the State of Merida is very varied, because throughout its geography we can find rivers, streams, creeks, natural lakes and glaciers, Merida even has jurisdiction over a small portion of Lake Maracaibo, where we located the beaches Palmarito in the municipality of Tulio Febres Cordero in the south of the lake.
The rivers of the State of Merida are mountain rivers, with abundant flow and steep slopes and form a few deep valleys, longitudinally embedded in the relief.
The main ones are the Motatán in its upper basin and the Chama with its tributaries the Mocotíes and the Mucujún, which belong to the Maracaibo Lake basin, while the Santo Domingo, Caparo and Mucuchachí belong to the Orinoco basin through the Apure River.
The main economic activities are agriculture, tourism, livestock, agribusiness, trout farming, service activities associated with the University of the Andes and the regional and national government.
An important factor in the economy is a wide range of handcrafted articles, such as: wool fabrics in the manufacture of beautiful blankets, wood carvings of original sculptures, clay articles, typical sweets, wines, punches and handcrafted liquors made with fruits grown in the region.
The cable car system, being the highest and longest in the world, attracts thousands of people every year who venture to climb to the vicinity of Pico Bolivar.
In addition, Merida is rich in natural attractions, you only need to climb the trans-Andean highway to enjoy the beauty of the moor.
There are mountain hotels with cabin service, equipped with playgrounds, riding horses, artificial lakes for fishing and many other services that satisfy the most demanding tourists.
The State of Merida has a great amount of natural tourist attractions, which has characterized it as a tourist power of Venezuela.
Its immense geographic diversity due to its transition between the Andes Region and the South Region of the Lake of Maracaibo gives it different climates and varied temperatures, propitious for each of the vacation tastes offering Mountain and Beach places in the same state.
The state of Merida is an entity with an important percentage of its population within the classrooms, its capital for example has between 20 and 30% of the population doing university studies and a literacy rate of 97%.
It has one of the most traditional universities in the country, and the second oldest one: the University of Los Andes.
In addition, different institutions of higher education are located in Merida, such as universities, university centers, polytechnic institutes, and university colleges, among others.
These depend mostly on the universities or the State within the framework of the Symphonic Orchestra System, and teach how to play multiple musical instruments, as well as instruct in lyrical interpretation and voice development.
Another house of studies of great importance is the Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kléber Ramírez, formerly known as the Instituto Universitario Tecnológico de Ejido (IUTE), has its headquarters in the city of Ejido, was founded on November 25, 1981 by the national executive and raised to the rank of National Experimental University, changing its name to the current one on February 14, 2012.
The other two universities that operate in the city are of more recent creation, being the UNA that offers distance learning undergraduate degrees and the UNEFA, a military university that operates in the city since 2006 and also offers undergraduate degrees related to the engineering field.
In addition, the ULA has the largest amount of study and research material in digital form in the whole country, available to the public, as well as several newspaper libraries, among which the newspaper library of the faculty of the same name with one of the largest collections in Latin America stands out.
In addition to the university libraries, the city is home to the Bolivarian Library, which also serves as an exhibition gallery, a branch of the National Library of Venezuela, and the Simón Bolívar Central Public Library, which depends on the regional government.
Other public and private institutions such as schools, high schools, churches and language institutes have smaller libraries often for the exclusive use of their members.
A final metropolitan library was to be added to the list in 2006, however, the headquarters that would be used for it was transferred to UNEFA and has not yet been granted new space.
The State of Merida is a scientific and technological entity par excellence, an activity that derives largely from the presence of multiple houses of higher education, as well as the contribution of public institutions such as IVIC and Fundacite, which have generated significant progress through research, development of new technologies and scientific work.
The Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) located in the State of Merida (IVIC-Merida) includes the Multidisciplinary Center for Science (CMC).
The latter is a few kilometers from Jají, precisely in the community Loma de Los Guamos, in the parish of Jají.
The Laboratory of Sensory Ecology (LabEcoSen) has been operating there since 2008, and since May 2013 the Unit of Community Articulation (UniArco).
These teams bring together multidisciplinary personnel who focus their efforts on various fundamental and applied themes related to multiple disciplines such as agro-ecology, health, environment, agriculture and politics, without losing sight of the social relevance of the research topics.
The health system in the state of Merida is divided into six regions or health districts, which are responsible for planning prevention and promotion activities, as well as human resources management, economic resource management, and health center coordination.
In addition to these roads it is important to note that the 2 main localities of the state as the cities of Merida (State Capital) and El Vigia (Economic Capital) are connected by the Rafael Caldera Highway, in a stretch of 60 km at an average speed of 100 km / h.
Among the most outstanding typical desserts are: the sweet polished (based on milk and covered with sugar), alfajores, guava sandwiches, milky candy and strawberries with cream, as well as drinks such as the Andean girl, the calentaíto, mead, pineapple guarapo, blackberry wine and panela (paper).
It is worth mentioning that the southern gastronomy is internationally recognized, so many cooking contests and international fairs are held around the southern state.
In the Páramo and the southern villages next to the Mocotíes area, the tradition and folklore of the mountains is expressed with native instruments; the so-called Peasant Music made up of genres such as waltz and string meringue are typical of the region.
One more expression of the popular music of this land, originates in the Northern Towns or Pan-American Zone, whose afro-descendant roots give life to the Black music or percussion, a range of genres such as La Murga, the Chimbangle, the Drums, among others... each one inspired by legends, paraphrases or simply improvisation.
Llanera music such as the Pasaje and Joropo that tell popular stories and the long days of work are not absent in Merida since due to the characteristics of the Panamerican Zone the popular genre of Venezuela is also felt; but not only in this zone since in the fields of the Mocotíes the Llanero feeling resonates with strength.
The sounds of the aboriginal cultures move like the wind around the whole state, being its epicenter the towns of San Juan, Chiguará and Lagunillas where the ethnic roots of the Meridians still prevail as if time never passed.
The most danceable genres typical of Caribbean cultures such as Salsa, Merengue, Colombian Cumbia, percussions and wind sounds are rooted in lands like Tovar, El Vigía, Ejido, Timotes, Zea and Merida; there the best orchestras of the Region and Venezuela have been formed and grown.
The Venezuelan Andes are lands of native roots and acquired as the Fiesta Brava, this type of party known as the most gallant and heroic of the existing ones felt by a sector of the world population but known as the most cruel and inhumane by another sector more dissident and humanist.
Bullfighting is a cultural expression of the mother country Spain, has had a strong follow up in the cities of the heights as those belonging to the States Merida and Tachira.
The festival of the bull and the bullfighter has generated strong changes in the southern Indo-Caribbean since the festivities create in the citizens an emotion of anxiety and waiting for them to take place.
Although Merida is not the cradle of bullfighting in Venezuela if it is the land where this art is best cooked, there are some of the best squares and some of the best schools giving rise to excellent shows and great bullfighters.
Mérida is the birthplace of the oldest Venezuelan soccer team, Estudiantes de Mérida F.C., in addition to other teams such as Union Atlético El Vigía Fútbol Club, ULA F.C., among others.
In the state there are rugby teams like the Caballeros de Merida Rugby Club, Merida Rugby Club, Alacranes Rugby Club and Pucara El Vigia Rugby Club; all of them participating in the Venezuelan Rugby Club Championship.
It organizes its administration and public powers through the Constitution of the State of Merida, sanctioned by the Legislative Council on November 7, 1995 and promulgated by the State Governor on November 16 of the same year.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It is composed of the Governor of the State of Merida and a group of State Secretaries of his confidence who are freely appointed and removed officials and assist him in the management of the state government.
The Governor is elected by the people through direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of re-election for other periods, being in charge of the state administration.
Until 1989 the governors were appointed directly from the National Executive, it is only since then that they are directly elected in open elections.
The current governor is Ramón Guevara of the Acción Democrática party elected in the 2017 Regional Elections of Venezuela with 50.82% of the votes.
The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of the State of Merida, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and may be re-elected for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
It also has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Caracas).
When the Spanish conquistadors arrived, these tribes were brave enough to fight for their territory, commanded by caciques like Guaicaipuro and Yare.
Guaicaipuro was a legendary cacique of the Teques and Caracas Indians who resisted the conquistador Diego de Losada, while cacique Yare was the cumanagoto, quiriquire, charagoto and arauco chief who killed Captain Mendoza, who had murdered the Indian Tamanaco.
Once all the tribes were subdued, the Spaniards settled completely on these lands, founding the city of Caracas, and later different towns in the interior of the state of Miranda.
At the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century the highlands were used to cultivate, among other products, wheat destined largely for export to Cartagena de Indias and the Caribbean islands.
In addition, all commercial activities were monopolized by the Royal Guipuzcoa Company, which generated the first discontents and uprisings against the crown.
From the beginning of the 17th century, slave labour quickly replaced the Indian labour force, concentrating on the Windward region, which was the largest cocoa producer.
It was in this region that the first free blacks rose up against their masters, but were later stifled by Spanish troops.
After the dissolution of Gran Colombia, Venezuela still used the provinces as a political-territorial organization, which had been used for a long time.
Between 1832 and 1855 the use of the province persisted due to the confusion generated by the existence of a state as a political division of the country.
The division by states did not appear in Venezuela in a concrete way until 1864, when about twenty states were founded which, in the following governments, would be reduced to nine, among these, the founded state of Guzmán Blanco, which by 1873 only covered the region of Aragua.
In 1881, the State of Guzmán Blanco expanded its territory to include the region of Miranda, among other nearby regions that were included as part of Guárico.
In 1889, the territory of the Guzmán Blanco State was again modified by the Constitution, and its size was reduced by excluding several regions of the country such as the region of Aragua, but renaming the State as Edo Miranda.
In 1900, by decree of General Cipriano Castro, the state of Caracas was included in Miranda and Caracas was renamed Miranda State with the provisional capital in Santa Lucia.
Then in 1901 the political-territorial space is modified again and the capital of the state becomes Petare, and in 1904 it is changed to Ocumare del Tuy.
In 1989, after the decentralization carried out by President Carlos Andrés Perez, Arnaldo Arocha was elected the first governor by popular vote.
It borders on the north with the Federal District, on the south with the states of Guarico and Aragua, on the east with the Caribbean Sea and on the west with Aragua.
The Guaire River, which runs through the city of Caracas, divides the sector into two strips that are differentiated by their decline: the Valles del Tuy and La Depresión de Barlovento.
The availability of water resources in the state is really precarious, as the state is located in the largest urban conglomerate in the country.
The volume of available water is committed to supply almost the entire metropolitan district of Caracas, as well as the entire territory of Mirandina, which is poorly supplied by the reservoirs of La Mariposa, Lagartijo, La Pereza, Ocumarito, Agua Fría, Taguaza, El Guapo and Quebrada Seca.
Many of the towns in the state are not frequently supplied with drinking water due to the high consumption of water resources.
The hydrography of Miranda State is characterized by the short course and low flow of its rivers, with the exception of Tuy.
This characteristic, combined with the settlement of the largest mass of population in the country, gives its rivers great significance as sources of water for urban consumption.
The Tuy River, with a length of 250 km, rises at an altitude of 2 100 m, on the southern flank of the Litoral mountain range, flows eastwards through the Abra de Tácata to the Tuy and Barlovento valleys, and flows into the Caribbean Sea through the Paparo mouth.
The El Jarillo River and the Aguas Frías and La Negra streams, tributaries of the Tuy on the left bank, have been dammed, near the Teques, in the Agua Fría reservoir, while the Ocumare, was dammed near Ocumare del Tuy, in the Ocumarito reservoir.
The climate of Miranda State is very hot in the low areas with temperatures ranging from 20 ℃ to 42 ℃ with very high humidity in the coastal region of Barlovento.
In the dry season (December-March), temperatures vary between 10 ℃ and 23 ℃, in the beginning of the wet season (April, May) high temperatures can be registered up to 33 ℃, the rest of the year it varies between 16 ℃ and 25 ℃.
The state of Miranda has soils with a high agricultural vocation that have been used since colonial times for the cultivation of cocoa, fruits, vegetables, cereals and other subsistence crops.
However, the pressure of urban and industrial activities, especially the settlement of high population concentrations, has meant a loss of very considerable agricultural areas in the Tuy Valleys, in the Guarenas and Guatire area, and in the Barlovento region.
In mountainous areas, rivers and streams, it is common to see mammals such as the raccoon (Didelphis marsupialis) and the spiny rat (Proechimys sp.).
), the squirrel (Sciurus granatensis), the mountain buckthorn (Dasypus novemcinctus), the porcupine (Coendou prehensilis), the picure (Dasyprocta leporina), the sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) very common in all areas of the municipality, the rabbit (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), and the one that has almost disappeared from the municipal area, the matacan deer (Mazama americana) that was common in the area of Turgua [citation required].
In addition, at night it is common to observe bats, among which the list bat (Saccopteryx bilineata), common fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), and house bat (Molossus molossus) stand out.
In the area of Los Carraos and Zuloaga caves, the insectivorous bat species Natalus tumidirostris, Myotis keaysi and the genus Tadarida (Tadarida aurispinosa) have been identified.
The other three depend on the National Power as the Judicial (Miranda State Judicial District), Electoral (Miranda State Electoral Office) and Citizen.
Its authorities are elected by the Mirandina people in a universal, direct and secret way, sending 13 deputies to the National Assembly of Venezuela.
The economic development of the state is based on the excellence of its soils, which has allowed the boom in agriculture.
The region of the valleys of Tuy is characterized by the production of cocoa, sugar cane, and corn, among other crops.
Barlovento also has great fertility of its lands, standing out the cultivation of cocoa and a great variety of fruits and vegetables.
Among other economic activities is the industrial one, standing out the manufacturing one, which conforms together with the one of the Federal District the first urban manufacturing set of the country.
During the last two decades the tourist activity has grown with the installation of a great hotel infrastructure in the coast of Barlovento.
Cereals are grown in the fertile valleys of Tuy, while the microclimates are used for horticultural and fruit activities whose products are processed in the agro-industries.
The industrialization process had an important economic impact, favored by its proximity to the city of Caracas, mainly in the cities of Petare, Guarenas and Guatire and in the valley of Tuy, where manufacturing centers of the metal-mechanical, chemical and food sectors were established.
The state is well known for its green areas (including several national parks, haciendas and protected areas), for its highly urbanized cities that coexist with rural towns, for the coasts of the Caribbean Sea, a safe stop during vacation seasons, the Devils of Yare and the Tacarigua Lagoon; just to mention some of the tourist attractions of the region that is visited annually by thousands of seasonal visitors.
It also highlights its architecture ranging from modern Chacao to the colonial architecture of many villages, highlighting in that aspect the many museums, cathedrals and historic churches it has.
Central Ezequiel Zamora Railway System (Caracas - Cúa Line):8 has 4 stations (Caracas, Charallave Norte, Charallave Sur, Cúa) and has a length of 41.4 km².
The tradition of the Palmeros de Chacao dates back to the Venezuelan colonial period in 1770, when the parish priest José Antonio Mohedano decided, in the form of a promise, to ask God for mercy due to an epidemic of yellow fever that existed in Caracas at the time.
Coming from the haciendas near El Avila National Park, Mohedano sent a group of workers to bring down leaves from the Royal Palm to commemorate Jesus' entry into Jerusalem.
Nowadays, the Palmeros go up every Friday of the Council (the Friday before Palm Sunday) and come down the following Saturday with the palm leaves that will be blessed during the Sunday celebration.
Once blessed, the palms are distributed among the believers, who braid, crush and transform them into crosses that they keep in their homes as a sign of faith.
Its origin dates back to the 18th century, being this the oldest brotherhood in the American continent and the largest in the world.
Every Thursday of Corpus Christi (9 Thursdays after Holy Thursday) there is a ritual dance of the so-called dancing devils, where they worship the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar and celebrate the triumph of good over evil.
It commemorates the image of Saint John the Baptist, with a series of music and dance rituals that take place from midnight on June 23rd to the evening of June 25th each year.
San Juan is one of the festivities that gathers more devotees throughout the country, being the manifestation of Curiepe one of the best known in the nation.
It is a popular and religious festivity that is celebrated every June 29 in the cities of Guatire and Guarenas in the State of Miranda, Venezuela.
It consists of some parranderos, dressed in levita and pumpá (one of them carries the image of the saint, another carries a yellow and red flag) and accompanied by Cuatro and Maracas.
Religious image that is kept in the parish temple of the city of Guatire, Miranda state, Venezuela and that constitutes since the early seventeenth century the religious patron of that city.
It is taken out in procession every year on May 3, the Day of the May Cross at the Catholic Santoral.
Several channels are based in this entity, such as: Mira Tv, Telemir, Venezolana de Televisión (the main television channel of the Venezuelan state), Televen, La Tele, Canal i, and Telesur (the main international news channel based in Venezuela).
There are several radio stations, and you can also get the signal from other radio stations in Aragua and Guarico state.
Among the newspapers published in the area are the daily Avance de Los Teques, La Voz de Guarenas and La Región, which covers the Alto Mirandinos, the metropolitan area, Guarenas and Guatire, also in the Valles del Tuy circulates the daily Noticias del Tuy.
The state of Miranda (as a federal entity) has its own charter, the Constitution of the State of Miranda, which is the basis of the state's legal system and was approved in 2006.
The executive branch is composed of a governor and a council of secretaries who assist him in the management of government and are freely appointed and removable officials.
The governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for a period of four years with the possibility of re-election for new periods, being in charge of the state administration.
The Legislative Power is represented by the unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Miranda, elected by the people through a direct and secret vote every four years.
They can be re-elected for new consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities.
The PSUV currently has 15 legislators and since the 2012 regional elections the PSUV has a majority of 8 legislators against 7 from the Democratic Unity Table.
Miranda State has its own autonomous police force based on Article 164 of the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution, which is known as Polimiranda (Miranda State Police), created in 1996 as the Autonomous Police Institute of Miranda State.
Monagas State is surrounded by Sucre State in the north, Anzoátegui State in the west and south, Bolívar State in the south, Delta Amacuro State in the south and east and the Paria Gulf in the northeast.
The state is named after the general and president of Venezuela José Tadeo Monagas, native from this state, and his brother and fellow president José Gregorio Monagas, native from the neighbor Anzoátegui State.
It dates back to the settlement of the territory by aborigines of different ethnicities hundreds of years ago, among which we can mention the Waraos and Kariña ethnicities, where they were accentuated mainly in the Orinoco Delta and the Chaima Indians in the north of the State.
The first aborigines to make a presence in the northern part of the region were the Chaima Indians, belonging to the Capaya tribe.
The Capuchin missionary Fray Gerónimo de Muro, with the help of the Carib, Cuaca and Chaima Indians, founded the town of San Antonio de Maturín, which is now San Antonio de Capayacuar, on August 7, 1713.
Although the settlement of the territory was slow, archaeological excavations and commentaries by the chroniclers of the Indies point to the existence of a well-developed village in Barrancas in the year 1530, when the Conqueror Diego de Ordás passed through the area in search of El Dorado.
Also in the 16th century missionaries arrived in the highlands and slowly the Christianisation and re-education of the Indians spread to the south; they thus adapted to a more sedentary life.
In the site where Barrancas is located today, archaeological objects and utensils have been found that belonged to the so-called Barrancoid and Saladoid cultures, the oldest of which have been dated 1000 years before the Christian era.
The archaeological evidence that has been found (and that is still being found) has allowed to establish that Barrancas has been uninterruptedly inhabited at least since the 11th century of our era, which makes it the oldest town in Venezuela and one of the oldest in the American continent.
Diego de Ordaz, a Spanish explorer obsessed with finding the legendary site of El Dorado, arrived in the village in August 1531 after traveling up the Orinoco River via the Caño Manamo.
San Antonio de Capayacuar was founded on August 7, 1713 by the Capuchin missionary Fray Gerónimo de Muro with the help of Carib Indians, cuacas and chaimas.
On April 20, 1731, the Aragonese Fray Antonio de Blesa founded Santo Domingo de Guzmán de Caycuar, the area was inhabited by chaimas and outcasts when the Capuchin missionaries arrived, this settlement would later be called Caicara de Maturín.
A Catholic mission of Chaima Indians with the Capuchin missionary Pedro de Gelsa, founded the San Miguel Arcangel de Caripe settlement on October 12, 1734, which would later become Caripe.
In 1799 the German geographer Alejandro de Humboldt and the Frenchman Aimeé Bonpland visited Caripe as part of their trip through Venezuela.
But in 1879, Monagas was annexed to the State of Oriente and, from 1891 to 1898, it belonged to the State of Bermúdez.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plains and swamps north of the Orinoco, under the rule of the Caribs, made alliances with the French and Dutch as a policy of tenacious resistance against Spanish domination.
Although the settlement of the territory was slow, archaeological excavations and commentaries by Indian chroniclers point to the existence of a well-developed village in Barrancas in the year 1530, when Conqueror Diego de Ordás passed through the area in search of El Dorado.
In the 16th century, missionaries arrived in the highlands and slowly the Christianisation and re-education of the Indians spread to the south; they thus adapted to a more sedentary life.
In 1924 the Standard Oil Company starts the oil exploration activities in the area of Caripito that experiences a slight repopulation.
1 well, in the Quiriquire field in 1928, oil exploitation begins and the area reaches an important impulse in its urban development due to the arrival of migrant labor, particularly from the Caribbean islands.
In 1929 the Standard Oil Company begins to build the storage yard and the deep water dock on the San Juan River and on October 15, 1930 the Creole Bueno tanker leaves the port of Caripito with 20 thousand barrels of oil bound for Trinidad.
In 1935, the aquatic terminal of Caripito was inaugurated, located on the San Juan River, where S-42 seaplanes of the Pan American Airways company arrived and included it in the Central American and Caribbean route.
In 1936 the Caripito International Airport is selected by the aviator Amelia Earhart and her navigator Fred Noonan as the second stopover of their trip around the world staying at the Standard Oil Company facilities.
The event was widely publicized in the world press and the company gave them the logistical support to continue the flight through South America.
On December 28 of that same year the first oil well was drilled in that area, in addition the Legislative Assembly of Monagas considered the convenience of creating the Bolivar District and integrated to its territory the municipalities of Punceres and Colon, designating Caripito as the capital, according to the decree of January 19, 1940, signed by Governor Jose Maria Isava on January 30 of the same year.
Under the direction of the Corporación Venezolana de Guayana, several hectares of Caribbean pine were planted between Barrancas and the nearby town of Uverito, an activity that significantly boosted the development of the area.
By the 1970s, it was the most important population and port in the state of Monagas, mainly due to the lack of land road connections to the main nearby cities, such as Tucupita (Delta Amacuro) and Puerto Ordaz (State of Bolivar), although today it continues to be an important center for the collection of goods and passengers to these cities.
In 1976, the assets of Creole were nationalized and were managed by Lagoven, later by Corpoven and now by PDVSA in association with Repsol.
By closing the refinery in 1976 and the oil terminal in 2002, an attempt was made to boost agricultural activity to take advantage of fertile areas by growing cocoa, pepper, Chinese ocumo, white ocumo and yucca.
On August 20, 1983, the State Legislative Assembly declared the creation of the Municipal Council of the Libertador Municipality, in accordance with the provisions of the law of Political Territorial Division of the State of Monagas, allowing the creation of the Libertador Municipality.
Since 1989, with the administrative reforms that were approved for the whole country, the state of Monagas elected for the first time in a direct and secret way its own governor and Legislative Assembly (called since 2000 Legislative Council).
In the northeast and the southeast there are deltaic savannas in which rivers such as San Juan, Guanipa, Caño Mánamo, Río Tigre flow into.
The mountain landscape presents a geological material of Cretaceous age, constituted exclusively by sedimentary rocks, predominantly sandstones, shales and limestones, being the main geological formations: El Cantil, Barranquín, Guayuta and Querecual; it has elevations between 400 and 2 300 m.a.s.l., with valleys and depressions.
The weather is hot in the area of the Llanos, while it is cold in the mountains located in the north of the state.
In the area of the town of Caripe the cold temperature permits the cultivation of certain kind of typical plants from cold weathers as roses and strawberries.
Dominated by a rainy tropical climate with some local variations that respond to various factors such as altitude, wind and proximity to the sea.
Most of the state, in the southern strip, has a climate typical of savannahs with dry seasons that can last up to six months, which produces a severe water shortage.
The average annual temperature of Monagas is approximately 27º C. In Maturín, Temblador and Uverito, average temperatures are between 26° and 27° C.
The rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin come from the mountains located in the northwest of the state and the rivers of the Orinoco river basin come from the many plateaus located in the southwest of Monagas State and from Anzoategui State.
It has an extensive hydrographic network with a fairly uniform geographical distribution, with the Guarapiche River standing out in the area of the tables.
The rivers are numerous and of little depth, marking the end of the piedmont in which three river basins are located with course north-south that are: that of the rivers Amana-Areo, Guarapiche, Púnceres-Aragua.
More than 2000 species of vascular flora have been catalogued within the Monagas territory [citation required] The most symbolic tree of the Moriche along the Morichal Largo River.
The dominant vegetation in the north of Monagas State is the rain forest, like the one found in the mountainous area of the San Juan River valley and the Acosta and Caripe municipalities.
However, in the flat regions, towards the south-east of the state, intertropical savannah vegetation dominates, such as thorn bushes, grasses, cujíes and other varieties that have adapted to the conditions of the state such as Ceiba, jobo, Caribbean pine, jabillo and carob tree.
Another variation of the vegetation present in Monagas State, can be found along the banks of the main rivers, where extensive forests of mangroves, palms and morichals have been formed.
Cueva del Guácharo National Park, was created in May 1975 by the Venezuelan government to protect the ecosystem surrounding the Guacharo's Cave.
The park has a surface area of and covers the mountainous areas of Acosta and Caripe municipalities in Monagas state and Ribero municipality in Sucre state.
Many people from neighbouring states as Sucre and Nueva Esparta, as well as persons from other countries as Spaniards, Italians, Portuguese, Syrian, Lebanese and Chinese have immigrated to the state because of the petroleum industry and business opportunities.
Natives of Monagas share with the population of the eastern states the quick manner of speaking the Spanish language, the food, some musical rhythms as the galerón or el Joropo, typical clothing as Liquiliqui of Los LLanos and the veneration for the Virgin of El Valle.
The Maturín Carnival stands out for the parade in the center of the city of floats and parades made by the communities, educational institutions, public agencies and private companies.
After the parade, musical shows are held at the local sports complex, in addition to the act of electing the Carnival Queen.
The ipure snake is a typical dance of San Antonio de Capayacuar and spread in the State of Monagas, where girls or women dressed usually in yellow and black, dance in the form of the movement of a snake.
The town of Aguasay is known for its weaving that is made from a plant that is grown in that town called Curagua.
On 2 December 2015, the fibre and fabric of the Curagua of Venezuela was declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO at its annual meeting in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia.
The Genarito Bull Dance, consists of a parranda where several couples of dancers, a bull, a veterinarian, a nurse, a bullfighter and musicians.
The Monkey Dance is an indigenous dance in which people hold each other by the waist, one after the other, and form lines.
Guided by someone disguised as a monkey, participants walk through the streets in the manner of a human train to the Monkey's Plaza.
It consists of dancing with a trembler (a fish found in the rivers closest to the town) made of cardboard and cloth.
This art consists of carefully weaving the fiber of the moriche palm, once it is salcochada and spun, this fiber is tied to special sticks and woven between them, giving it the shape of a sheet, which when the cabulleras are placed at their ends, it takes the form of a chinchorro.
This name is due to the fact that the raw material used for the elaboration of this handicraft is extracted from the roots of a tree that bears its name because when it is cut, its roots tend to bleed; it is easy to mould as it is a very soft and light wood.
The raw material is plant fibers, mostly moriche and sangrito wood, with which they carve figures, animals, also make necklaces with peonies, vulture seeds and tears of San Pedro, among other materials.
Its main material is clay, which after being molded is baked and painted, making figures such as: dolls, vases, facades of houses, among others.
On the other hand, the blending of catholic rites with the rites of other religions like the Indian and African ones is very extended.
The extremities of four rifles placed in the pavilion, appear holding the Shield, and between the bayonets of these a horse head turned to the right of the Shield.
Under and between the lower part of the rifles, there is a red and black ribbon, representative of the war to the death, and in it a broken key symbolizing that his capital was forced, but never surrendered.
As an ornament they appear on the flanks of the Shield, between their crossed feet, a plain palm and a sugar cane stem.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It is formed by the Governor of Monagas, and a cabinet of State Secretaries of his confidence who assist him in the management of the government and are officials of free appointment and removal, an attorney, autonomous institutes and state foundations.
It consists of a unicameral parliament called the Legislative Council of the State of Monagas, which is responsible for approving the regional budget, passing state laws and supervising the management of the state governor.
Monagas is organized on the basis of the Constitution of the State of Monagas, adopted by the Legislative Council on 21 March 2002.
Margarita was discovered on August 15, 1498 during Columbus' third voyage.8 On that trip the Admiral would also discover the mainland, Venezuela.
Columbus named the island La Asunción, because it was discovered on the religious date of the Virgin that bears his name.9 The following year, in 1499, Pedro Alonso Niño and Cristóbal Guerra, renamed it La Margarita due to the abundance of pearls found in the region, other hypotheses suggest that the name Margarita is referred to by Queen Margarita of Austria-Styria.
Shortly after its discovery, other European sailors confirmed the existence of rich pearl deposits in Cubagua, whose exploitation gave rise to the first Spanish establishment in Venezuela.
According to Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, in 1500, only 2 years after his sighting, there were already 50 adventurers installed in Cubagua who were eagerly looking for the precious mother-of-pearl gems used by the natives in their personal ornaments.
This settlement of small Spanish villages for the exploitation of these pearl riches in Cubagua consisted of a Cabildo and Regidores by 1510.
But the settlement was carried out in this early date spontaneously without following Hispanic patterns, since even in 1517 it is indicated that the population resided in awnings and huts.
At first, all official attempts to achieve the colonization of Cubagua failed, the problem of water supply was paramount and it was concluded that the establishment of a village in Cubagua could not bear fruit without the previous construction of a fortress at the mouth of the river of today's Cumaná, which was the one that supplied the water.
Under the protection of the Cumaná fortress, which was finally built in early 1523, the village of Cubagua was quickly organized and an extraordinary boom emerged in the exploitation of pearl pleasures.
It is unlikely that before 1525 the residents of the village of Cubagua were aware of being a town or city.
None of the pearl records from 1521 to 1525, which are the first known local sources of Cubagua, mention the name of the village on this island, and only speak of Cubagua.
Through these ordinances, the city of Nueva Cádiz, today recognized as the first city of Venezuela, did not depend on Hispaniola and could trade directly with Castile.
They set about building their city, replacing the huts with stone houses, material brought from Araya, and increasing the number of inhabitants.
When pearls were scarce, they sought new fisheries and with the authorization of the Royal Court of Santo Domingo and King Carlos I, they moved to Cabo de la Vela.
The disappearance of the Cubagua population was a slow process due mainly to the lack of water, the resistance of the Indians to the exhausting work of the pearl fisheries, and to the conquests of distant lands.
Coinciding with the boom in fisheries in Cubagua there is already a migration to Cabo de la Vela, because there were not enough of them in Cubagua.
By 1537, the island was becoming depopulated and in 1541, history indicates that a hurricane hit the island, possibly causing an earthquake, and its inhabitants fled to Margarita and founded a town.
In 1543, French pirates arrived at the ruins of Nueva Cádiz, where some 10 inhabitants still remained, and left the city in flames, causing the island to be abandoned once again.
Although the exact date of its total abandonment by the Spaniards in this early period is not known, history indicates that by 1545 a group of residents of Nueva Cádiz aspire to incorporate Margarita under their jurisdiction, which confirms the existence of a population on the island at least for that date.
In 1676, the Marquis of Maitenon with a fleet of 10 ships and 800 French buccaneers attacked Margarita Island and Cumaná.
It had depended on the Royal Audience of Santo Domingo until 1739, when it was annexed to the Viceroyalty of New Granada, along with other entities; and in 1830, when the Republic of Venezuela emerged, it was one of its 13 original provinces.
Inside the Church there is still the chair where General Bolivar sat down and the remaining illustrious who participated in the assembly.
In 1835 the province of Margarita was divided into the cantons of La Asunción (composed of the parishes of Paraguachí, Pampatar, Los Robles, El Valle and Porlamar) and Norte (composed of the parishes of Tacarigua, Juangriego, San Juan, Pedro González and Sabana Grande).
In 1864, when the country was divided into 20 states and a Federal District, Margarita took the name of Estado Nueva Esparta.
The complete exhaustion of the Cubagua pearl oysters in 1857, determines the abandonment of this island and from now on it will be visited by fishermen who will improvise rancherías.
In 1901, two years after the autonomy of the states was restored, it regained the name of Nueva Esparta, but lost it again between 1904 and 1909, during which time it was included in the Federal District as an Eastern Section.
Other important towns are Juan Griego, Pampatar (home of the Port Authority), Punta de Piedras, San Juan Bautista, Las Guevaras, Las Hernández, Villa Rosa, Bella Vista (Margarita), El Valle del Espíritu Santo.
Nueva Esparta is located between the coordinates 10º44, 11º10` of North latitude and 63º (degrees) 46` (minutes), 64º13` of West longitude, in the insular region of the country.
Together, the three islands of the entity bring together magnificent beaches, wonderful mangroves and other landscapes that make it a true island paradise.
Margarita, the largest of them, has a maximum elevation on Copey Hill (900 meters above sea level) and includes the Macanao mountain core to the west.
Igneous-metamorphic rocks of the Mesozoic era form the foundation of the mountainous areas and their foothills, including the hill landscape, with the exception of the undulating reliefs of Pampatar, constituted by tertiary sediments, as well as the coastal plane.
The lowest marine areas are Pleistocene and Holocene formations, composed of alluviums, coastal and alluvial terraces, calcareous sandstones and lagoon deposits.
The eastern sector of Margarita Island has three small mountain ranges, aligned in a southeast-northwest direction, whose altitude stops are the Copey, Matasiete, La Guardia and Guayamurí hills; To the southwest, the relief is flat, with the exception of moderate elevations, known as Las Tetas de María Guevara.
The coastal plains of the eastern massif descend to oceanic beaches of great breadth and white sands that constitute a great tourist attraction, also conducive to sports and recreation activities.
There are no significant permanent water currents, but thin rivers lately seasonal due to climatic changes that have raised temperatures throughout the planet in recent years.
Of these, the main ones are San Juan (San Juan poses), San Francisco, La Asunción, El Valle, Chaguaramal, El Muco, La Vieja, Negro and Tacarigua.
The lagoons of La Restinga, Los Mártires and Las Marites, together with the hot springs of the Holy Spirit Valley and the San Francisco sector, complete a scarce, insufficient and unsuitable hydrographic system to supply the local population with potable water.
The areas with the highest rainfall are located in the Serranía de El Copey, reaching 1,100 mm., Which, together with local fogs, allows the development of cloud forests, which derive on lower slopes in formations of premontane dry forests.
If it is considered that in the coastal and beach sites, such as Porlamar, there are only 66 days of appreciable rainfall per year, the optimal conditions for various types of tourism are given.
Some cyclones that have affected the islands either directly or indirectly have been Hurricane Joan-Miriam in 1988 and Tropical Storm Bret in 1993.
The valleys' soils, the best quality lands, are well developed, have an organic layer, are protected from the erosive action of the wind and are covered with vegetation, but only occupy a small proportion of the state.16 In the areas of Piedmont, the cones of injection and colluvial materials give rise to very stony soils.
The islands of Coche and Cubagua have soils with salinity and strong erosion resulting from the action of the winds, which gives their surface layer a stony character.
On Margarita Island, the climatic and / or edaphic effects have produced a mixture of life zones, with varied ecosystems that range from tropical desert weeds, in low and dry areas, to thorny mountains and tropical dry forest in areas of greater height.
And several species of reptiles, such as: Iguana which was once more in Margarita but its hunting for the consumption of its eggs and meat has made it an endangered species in Margarita; Slot or Macaurel, Rattlesnake, Coral, Guaripete, Lizard.
The semi-arid climate of the Nueva Esparta state is one of the fundamental reasons for the evolution of two main types of vegetation.
The entity stands out for its scenic resources, represented in natural landscapes, such as lagoons, beaches, hills, salt flats and wind formations, all of great tourist potential.
However, it does not have large energy resources, and its availability of minerals is limited to the existence of gravel, sand, limestone, dolomite, chromite, manganese, talc and stone.
The vegetation and natural resources of the state are few for being an arid zone in the middle of the Caribbean Sea, but, heat plants such as cacti, palm trees are very seen in warm areas, but, there are also green areas such as Copey Hill and others .
Trade predominates, due to the condition of Puerto Libre (established in 1971 by presidential decree) and its link with local tourism.
The tourist activity has stimulated the construction industry, as evidenced by the existence of hotels, restaurants, holiday homes and entertainment centers, as part of an infrastructure that revalue this area for visitors of both national and international origin.
Fishing has allowed the production of; needle, anchovy, tuna, snapper, corocoro, lamparosa, carite, torito, lisa, catfish, cazón, vaquita, horse mackerel, picua and sardine (shellfish); shrimp and lobster (crustacean); clam, squid, chipichipi, guacuco, pearl casing and oysters (mollusks).
Agriculture is also seen as a complementary economic activity, especially on the island of Margarita, where the cultivation of eggplant, corn, melon, paprika, pinilla, sweet pepper and tomato stand out.
The Nueva Esparta State, has become a place of rest and escape for the inhabitants of the great cities of the center of the country being a popular tourist destination of Venezuela.
The islands have beaches with conditions for surfing, diving, windsurfing, kitesurfing and other water sports, as well as historic colonial towns.
In recent years, several projects have been planned to boost tourism, such as the Puerto la Mar Cruise Port, the expansion of the Santiago Mariño Caribbean International Airport, the Punta Ballena Lighthouse (in cooperation with the Venezuelan Navy ) among others.
To the west of the island the conditions for windsurfing and kiteboarding (strong winds of more than 50 km / h with a sea without waves) and the Tricycles with sail or Sand Yacht can be cited among the best in the world.
You can see the effect of strong and continuous breezes in the sparse vegetation of the island, as can be seen in the image of San Pedro de Coche.
On the roads, cycling can be practiced, naturally, with sun protection to avoid sunstroke, given the absence of clouds throughout the year.
The temperature, although high, is pleasant for the fresh sea breeze, taking into account that this breeze rises, precisely, in the hottest hours during the afternoon.
Its density exceeds the national average and is one of the highest in the country, due to a constant population growth since the 40s, only slowed by the decline in birth from the 60s.
The Mariño municipality, for example, concentrates more than 23.7% of the entity's inhabitants, and its capital, Porlamar, is the largest economic center on the island of Margarita.
It is followed in importance by the municipalities García and Maneiro, which are neighbors of Porlamar, a city that, given the physical impossibility of continuing to grow, has expanded towards them.
The native inhabitants of Nueva Esparta State were indigenous people of the Guaiquerí nation, who called the current island of Margarita Paraguachoa (Place where there are fish in abundance).
They were great fishermen and farmers, made canoes, hammocks, bows, arrows, wooden mortars, bamboo tubes (currently extinct plant in the area) to extract palm oil and clay utensils.
On the other hand, there are also a variety of religions on the island, among them the Muslim and the Jews.
The celebrations in Honor of San José de Paraguachí, Patron of the town, are celebrated from March 19 of each year, day of San José, for a week.
This week there are cultural activities, dances, food fairs and the famous procession in Honor of San José, where hundreds of parishioners tour the town.
The Nueva Esparta state has a wide range of native dishes, usually made from seafood products or obtained through local sowing.
The dogfish cake could be considered as the emblematic dish of the region, it is a cake made with dogfish (shark breeding) and banana (similar to the pooch pie, only that it is made with pooch - rajiform fish - and has more ingredients) .
Other typical dishes obtained from the sea may be molluscs and crustaceans such as mussels, clams, sea urchins, crab, shrimp, shrimp, etc.
Which are prepared in various ways, one of the most common is a soaked dish commonly called phosphorera or stewed with rice, calling it seafood rice.
It is common to observe in many of the streets and squares of the towns of Nueva Esparta, stalls selling cazón empanadas and white cheese, where, the food stalls located in the Market of Los Conejeros, those of the Valley of the Holy Spirit stand out and The Assumption.
Mainly because of the heritage of pre-Columbian cultures, such as the Guaiqueries; as well as by artisans who came to the islands mainly from Spain.
For several years, especially in the decades of the 50s, 60s and 70s, it became a thriving industry, where large businessmen of the espadrille, came to have in their so-called espadrilles called more than 100 people directly and a large amount indirectly; and produced the one used in the state and was taken to others in Venezuela.
The espadrille consists essentially of four parts: the sole, the cut or chapel, the heel and the straps; the first part is extracted from the rubber used by motor vehicles; the rest are made with thread; the cut or cap and heel are made in knitting machines, specially designed for this purpose; and the strips are made manually.
The process to obtain the sole begins by selecting the rubber, which must meet some conditions, this is divided into two parts, when cut exactly through the middle, hence the strips are removed, which can be canvas or rubber, depending on the thickness and utility; on these strips, using pre-made templates of different numbers (from No.
1 the largest to 12 or 13 the smallest), are marked on them and then cut; After trimming, they are drawn with very special knives (plotters), which indicates where the gaps will be made, this task corresponds to the specialist in using the pin, a knife used for this purpose.
After the sole is prepared, the bonding process is followed, which consists of adhering the cut and heel to the sole with thread which is added beeswax, to make it more resistant, after this, the heel is joined and The cut with the strips.
In different areas of the state we can find universities that offer careers mostly related to activities related to tourism, fishing and scientific research of the sea.
However, over the decades, these institutions have been adapting to the growing demands and the labor demand not only of the activities mentioned above, to the point, that currently the variety of careers they offer are from the branches of the Social Sciences to the Human Sciences.
With 592.6 km of roads, the main routes are the CL5, which crosses Margarita from east to west, the premises # 4 and # 1 that cross the eastern part of the island in a north-south direction; and branch # 11, which runs from Punta de Piedras to CL5.
The entity has the Santiago Mariño Caribbean International Airport, located near El Yaque beach, and small tracks by Car and Macanao.
The port infrastructure is headed by the El Guamache International Port and the Chacachacare and Punta Algodones piers; The Punta de Piedras ferry terminal serves tourist routes to Puerto La Cruz, Cumana, La Guaira and San Pedro de Coche, while other maritime operators dispatch from Pampatar and Juangriego.
There are also piers in La Isleta and El Yaque, which provide transportation service to the neighboring island of Coche, as well as a service of smaller vessels (tapaítos) that depart from Porlamar to the town of Chacopata in Sucre State.
The state is autonomous and equal in political terms to the rest of the federation, organizes its administration and its public powers through the Constitution of the Nueva Esparta State, dictated by the former Legislative Assembly published in the Official Gazette of the Nueva Esparta State, Extraordinary Number , dated July 6, 1993, and its Amendment No.
The Governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of immediate re-election for additional periods, being in charge of the state administration.
The state legislature rests with the Legislative Council of Nueva Esparta, a unicameral regional parliament, elected by the people by direct and secret vote every four years and may be re-elected for new consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities, the State has 5 deputies, of which 4 belong to the opposition and 1 to the government.
The State has its own police force called INEPOL on the basis of what is established in the National Constitution of Venezuela, 19 being the one in charge of regional security and organized under the legal figure of the Autonomous Institute.
It was created in 1970 and depends on the Government of the State Nueva Esparta since 1989, currently remains attached to the Directorate of Civil Protection and Public Safety of the state.
Industry observers saw Authorized Domain as having the potential either to loosen or to tighten restrictions on the use of copyrighted works.
Detractors felt it might raise the price of content consumption for end-users and damage their ability to duplicate copies of works.
Supporters of Authorized Domain, on the other hand, said it is neutral to such concerns, because it doesn't favor one content distribution business model over another.
The state is bordered on the north by the state of Lara, on the east by Cojedes, on the west by Trujillo and south by Barinas.
According to the apologist, it is due to the tragic outcome of a young woman of Portuguese origin who drowned in the waters of the old and mighty Temerí River; she possibly accompanied the conquistadors who founded what we know today as the city of Guanare, the capital of the state.
In the pre-Hispanic era, the territory of the Venezuelan plains was inhabited by groups that arrived from the Amazon region by river (probably Colombia or Ecuador).
The oldest known occupation occurred between 300 and 600 BC in the Barinas and Portuguesa plains, perhaps because it was one of the least affected by periodic flooding in the region.
Among the traces left by these pre-Columbian inhabitants are numerous petroglyphs of geometric, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, as well as a complex network of roads believed to have served to drain swamps or control water.
They also left a system of mounds that possibly had functions of surveillance, funerary or refuge for the periods of greatest flooding.
Several expeditions of the Welser of Augsburg, coming from Coro under the command of Nicolas Federmann and Georg von Spira, towards the year 1534 went to the Andean foothills and crossed the current territory of the Llanos.
In 1542, the armies of Philip von Hutten from Coro visited the region on their way to Barinas, but were rejected by the Omaguas Indians and Hutten was wounded.
The Spanish conquerors Diego Ruiz de Vallejo and Juan Ruiz de Villegas started in 1549 the exploration of the lands located in the east of the Andes.
Among the warlike actions undertaken by Bolivar from the west in the War of Independence, the Battle of Araure stands out, in which Simon Bolivar defeated Jose Ceballos.
With Santiago Mariño from the east, Venezuela was under the control of the patriots in mid 1813, except for the provinces of Guayana and Maracaibo.
In September 1813, the royalists received reinforcements from Cadiz, spreading the armed confrontations throughout the country, while the patriots' successes continued until the end of 1813.
On December 3, 1813 Simón Bolívar learned that the Royalist forces (3,500 men), under the command of Brigadier José Ceballos, had met with those of José Yáñez in the town of Araure (Edo.
Portuguesa), and as a result, he arranged for all the bodies that were in El Altar and Cojedes to attend the concentration that would take place in the town of Agua Blanca.
On the 4th, the Republicans marched towards Araure and camped about 1,000 m from the village, opposite the Royalists, who had deployed at the entrance of the Acarigua River mountain; with their wings supported by a forest and covered by a small lagoon; their back was garrisoned by a forest; they also had ten artillery pieces.
On the 5th, the discovered republican woman pawned the action and was immediately flanked and cut off by a column of cavalry.
Colonel Manuel Villapol stood on the right; Colonel Florencio Palacios in the center and Lieutenant Colonel Vicente Campo Elías, with the Barlovento Battalion, on the left.
Before the Republican attack, Ceballos marched his cavalry against the right of the attackers, to distract and disorder them, but Bolivar, attentive to this movement, pawned his reserve, which disordered and put the opposite cavalry in flight.
This intervention of Bolivar allowed the breaking of the enemy front, action that produced great confusion within the defensive position, with the consequent triumph of the Republicans.
A division was in charge of covering the battlefield, which was covered with corpses and supplies of all kinds, while the pursuit of the defeated was carried out by Bolivar himself.
In this single clash, passionate and violent, more than 500 horsemen of Yáñez, the Ñaña of the Llaneros, perished with their lance.
The battalion that fought here on the last day of Barquisimeto was punished by the Liberator, denying him the name and the right to carry a flag.
On April 10, 1851, by decree of the Congress of the Republic under the mandate of General José Gregorio Monagas, the territory that currently makes up the state of Portugal became a province, with Guanare as its capital.
Especially in Portuguesa it was where it meant the most, since in addition to the outrages and loss of life in the fighting, the departures of uncontrolled guerrillas, the passions and quarrels produced more deaths and misfortunes than the combats; furthermore, the arson attacks on houses, farms and cattle yards that plunged many families of the time into ruin.
In the days of this uncontrolled movement and in the vicinity of Araure, specifically in Tapa de Piedra, on April 4, 1859, a bloody combat was staged between the revolutionary forces of General Zamora and those of the conservative Manuel Herrera.
After almost three hours of confrontation, Herrera lost the fight and had to flee with the survivors on the way to Ospino.
Following the Federal Revolution in 1866, it was decided to unite the Zamora and Portuguesa entities into one and call it Zamora State.
Later, with Antonio Guzmán Blanco in power, the territorial division was reduced to seven states, so Portuguesa became part of the South West state, along with Cojedes and Zamora.
At the end of the 19th century, the Restoration Revolution brought back the country's political division into 20 states and, consequently, Portuguesa and Cojedes became Zamora again.
Finally, on August 5, 1909, the National Constitution was promulgated, which established that Venezuela would be composed of a Federal District, two Federal Territories and 20 states, one of which would be Portuguesa with the capital in the city of Guanare.
Like most of the Llanos states, Portuguesa was practically isolated from the center of the country until the middle of the 20th century.
The only way to move from this entity to another was by means of carts pulled by horses or oxen, or by using the waterways.
After the overthrow of General Isaías Medina Angarita, the Revolutionary Government Board began to materialize the existing projects designed by the previous rulers on sustainable agricultural development based on the colonization of large areas.
It was in the 1940s, when work began on the Los Llanos road, which meant the economic take-off of the region.
The foundation of the Turén Agricultural Colony through the work of 20,000 immigrant refugees, mostly Italian, drove the rice plan, and the incorporation of hundreds of hectares of irrigated land were key to the development and growth of this state known as the granary of Venezuela.
To this end, the government, through itinerant diplomacy, made use of the international agreements signed during the post-war period on aid to refugees and put into practice the open border policy of selective immigration promoted by General Marcos Pérez Jiménez, where Europeans (mostly Italians, Spaniards and Germans) with an agricultural tradition entered and shared work with Venezuelan citizens from various regions of the Republic.
In 1949, the Agricultural Unit or Colony of Turen, the most ambitious experience of its kind ever carried out in a Caribbean country, was initiated.
Located, as well as the Tovar colony, in an area of mountains, the future Granary of Venezuela sheltered, together with a minority of local farmers, a babel of immigrants from several countries.
It is located in the Midwestern Region of the country, extending approximately between latitudes 08°06′ and 09°50′ north latitude, and meridians 68°30′ and 70°11′ west longitude.
The Andean mountainous area to the West and Northwest, with heights above 3,000 m, where the valleys of Chabasquén and Biscucuy open, in whose hills coffee and smaller fruits are grown.
Some water courses include: Portuguese Red, Caño Guamal, and Caño Amarillo, which corresponds to the old riverbed of the Acarigua River that is fed by the above-mentioned channel during the summer season; in addition to Caño Turen, Caño El Toro, Caño Durigua, Caño Colorado, Caño Canaguapa, Caño Maratán, Quebrada Paso Real, Quebrada Curpa, Quebrada Cambural, and Quebrada de Araure.
It has a relatively homogeneous climate, where the average minimum temperature varies between 20º and 35ºC., being this one regulated by the winds coming from the gulf of Venezuela and the trade winds that go up the Llanos, which produce areas of cloudiness and frequent torrential rains.
During the beginning of the drought (December, January and February) it is characterized by the scarcity of rain, and a great thermal amplitude, where the nights are usually cool, early mornings with up to 19 °C, and during the day very hot (max 29-31 °C).
Around March and the beginning of April, the daily temperature range decreases a little, bringing with it the hottest season in the village.
The lowest temperature recorded is 17 °C on 5 April 1984 and the highest is 41 °C during several occasions and heat waves occurring with the El Niño phenomenon.
The average annual temperature (Max-Min) is between 22 ° and 26 ° Celsius, in the area of flat lands and in the area of mountain and piedmont landscapes the climatic conditions vary according to height variations.
The dominant vegetation is savanna, but are also gallery forests along the river bends, and dense forests in the foothills of the Andes.
The fauna is represented by: spectacled bears, jaguars, (both endangered species), armadillos, parrots, opossums, howler monkeys, deer, ocelots, pumas and southern tamandua.
Acarigua city in the north, is the largest conurbation in the state, being the second largest in the center-west of the country, along with Araure form an area with over 460,000 inhabitants (2001 Census).
The state capital, Guanare, in recent years has grown at a rapid pace, at present estimated population is over 200,000 just in the town itself.
Like other states, the structure of the government of Portuguesa is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.
The Governor of Portuguesa is in charge of the government and administration, serves for a four-year term and can be re-elected to an additional term only immediately and only once.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It is a ravine with clear and clean waters, located on the Araure-Acarigua road, where tourists can enjoy a pleasant time.
Among the historical sites that stand out is El Túmulo, a monument to the Battle of Araure, which is located on the side of the Pan-American Highway.
The church of Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Zaragoza, located in front of Plaza Bolívar, is another obligatory stop in Araure.
Its architecture preserves the colonial style, typical of the XVIII century, mixed with the baroque style that gives it great majesty.
It is the only colonial church in Venezuela that has a choir independent of the main entrance doors of the temple.
José Antonio Páez was baptized there, and it was here that in 1813 the Liberator Simón Bolívar prayed before the triumph of the Battle of Araure.
He was an environmental engineer of Yugoslavian origin, who arrived in this area in 1949 with the noble task of reforesting vast areas, found until then in a deplorable state.
The state has the Oswaldo Guevara Mujica de Araure Brigadier General Airport, which is located west of the city and maintains private flights, mainly to Caracas, is operated by the Autonomous Institute of Airports of the Portuguese State (IABAEP).
It also has a transport terminal to the north, near the road to San Carlos, which is responsible for covering urban and interurban routes.
Like other states, the structure of the government of Sucre is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.
The Governor of Sucre is in charge of the government and administration, serves for a four-year term and can be re-elected to an additional term only immediately and only once.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
There is also a strong industrial sector which focuses on the processing of potato, sugar, milk, and cheese and the production of textiles.
This state borders Zulia State to the north, Barinas and Mérida States to the east, Apure and Barinas States to the south, and Colombia (Norte de Santander Department) to the west.
This state produced more presidents than any other state during the 20th century: Cipriano Castro, Juan Vicente Gómez, Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Isaías Medina Angarita, Eleazar López Contreras, Carlos Andrés Pérez, and Ramón José Velásquez.
At the end of the 19th century, the people of Táchira State were tired of being left out of the main country's decisions.
Until the start of the 20th century, it was highly difficult traveling between Táchira State and others and even within the state itself.
During January the Capital city of San Cristóbal celebrates its fiesta, which is recognized nationally for its industrial, commercial and agricultural exhibitions.
Like other states, the structure of the government of Táchira is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.
The Governor of Táchira is in charge of the government and administration, serves for a four-year term and can be re-elected to an additional term only immediately and only once.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
Trujillo state was founded from the former Trujillo Province following the creation of the States of Venezuela in 1864 after the Federal War.
Like other states, the structure of the government of Trujillo is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.
The Governor of Trujillo is in charge of the government and administration, serves for a four-year term and can be re-elected to an additional term only immediately and only once.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
A câmara municipal (, meaning literally municipal chamber and often referred to simply as câmara) is a type of municipal governing body, existing in several countries of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
Named after Venezuela's first non-military president, José María Vargas, Vargas comprises a coastal region in the north of Venezuela, bordering Aragua to the west, Miranda to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Capital District to the south.
The state owed its previous name to José María Vargas, although this was changed on June 13, 2019 to only La Guaira.
This region of Venezuela has undergone important changes over the years, and while the geographical borders have remained, the territorial delineation has varied.
The area was previously one of the departments of the Venezuela's Federal District (the other being the Libertador department, now Libertador Municipality), and the governor of this region was chosen by the national government.
In 1998 the government of Rafael Caldera decreed Vargas as an independent municipality, separate from the Federal District, with the statute of Federal Territory.
In mid-December 1999, after several days of ever-increasing rains pouring over the Central Mountain Range and the piedmont within the span of 24 hours along the coastline for about ., the state suffered from massive floods which resulted in severe losses of life and property.
In its wake as of December 16, the surviving population witnessed the massive destruction of most of the state infrastructure, including the collapse of most roads, bridges, housings, public and private buildings, and of basic services as electricity and communications; in which thousands were killed or missing.
Such climatic phenomenon (of extraordinarily high rainfall levels) appears to be periodical, having a cycle of about 70 years, and probably has occurred hundreds, perhaps thousands of times since a distant past.
Like other states, the structure of the government of Vargas is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.
The Governor of Vargas is in charge of the government and administration, serves for a four-year term and can be re-elected to an additional term only immediately and only once.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
It is bordered by Falcón in the north, in the west by Lara, in the south by Portuguesa and Cojedes and in the east by Cojedes and Carabobo.
In 2004, thanks to the Chavez landslide, Lapi was narrowly unseated by Carlos E. Giménez, supported by Chavez political allies in the area.
Since then, the economy has been in some turmoil as a considerable amount of land invasions by poor farmers in search of lands have created havoc within the agricultural system.
Carlos Giménez was followed as governor by Julio León in 2008, after he was removed from power due to allegations of corruption.
Like other states, the structure of the government of Yaracuy is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.
The Governor of Yaracuy is in charge of the government and administration, serves for a four-year term and can be re-elected to an additional term only immediately and only once.
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.
EE Times is currently owned by AspenCore, an Arrow Electronics company founded by American journalist and publisher Victor Gao in 2015.
Since its acquisition by AspenCore, EE Times has seen major editorial and publishing technology investment and a renewed emphasis on investigative coverage.
New features such as The Dispatch, which profiles frontline engineers and unpacks the real-life design problems and their solutions in technical yet conversational reporting, have created audience excitement and attracted comparisons to classical long-form music and popular culture journalism.
The shift in advertising from print to online began to accelerate in 2007 and the periodical shed staff to adjust to the downturn in revenue.
On June 3, 2016, UBM announced that EE Times, along with the rest of the electronics media portfolio (EDN, Embedded.com, TechOnline and Datasheets.com) was being sold to AspenCore Media, a company owned by Arrow Electronics for $23.5 million.
In 2018, EE Times rolled out a refreshed website, resurrected its print edition in Europe, and launched a new radio show, EE Times On Air, available an hour after the live broadcast as a podcast.
The name Konx Om Pax is a phrase said to have been pronounced in the Eleusinian Mysteries to bid initiates to depart after having completed the tests for admission to the degree of epopt (seer).
, is not immediately intelligible in that language, and a number of theories have been advanced as to its origin and meaning.
An allegory for the ascent of a magickal practitioner through the Kabbalistic Tree of Life, accompanied by her Holy Guardian Angel.
Kwaw advises a course of study in which people shall be taught the antithesis of their natural tendencies: the prostitute to learn chastity, the prude to learn sexual expression, the religious bigot to learn Huxley's materialism, the atheist to learn ceremonial magick.
A play that is over-presented with title credits, but is generally a simple dialogue based on Crowley's conversation with a friend and his wife on Christmas Day.
It is thought that this work was inspired by the Zohar, where each Rabbi would contribute a commentary on the Tanakh.
Hill Air Force Base is a major U.S. Air Force base located in northern Utah, just south of the city of Ogden, and near the towns of Layton, Clearfield, Riverdale, Roy, and Sunset.
In this decade Hill AFB is still the sixth-largest employer in the state of Utah, and the third-largest one excluding the State Government and Higher Education employers.
Hill AFB is the home of the Air Force Materiel Command's (AFMC) Ogden Air Logistics Complex which is the worldwide manager for a wide range of aircraft, engines, missiles, software, avionics, and accessories components.
The host unit at Hill AFB is the Air Force Material Command's 75th Air Base Wing (75 ABW), which provides services and support for the Ogden Air Logistics Complex and its subordinate organizations.
Additional tenant units at Hill AFB include operational fighter wings of the Air Combat Command (ACC) and the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC).
Hill Air Force Base is named in honor of Major Ployer Peter Hill (1894–1935), the Chief of the Flying Branch of the U.S. Army Air Corps Material Division of Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio.
Major Hill had died as a result of injuries he received from the crash of the Boeing Aircraft Company's experimental aircraft Boeing Model 299 at Wright Field, the prototype airplane for what became the famous B-17 Flying Fortress.
In the following years, the U.S. Army Air Corps surveyed the region for a suitable location for the permanent western terminus of the air mail.
Following American entry into World War II in December 1941, Hill Field quickly became an important maintenance and supply base, with round-the-clock operations geared to supporting the war effort.
Battle-worn warplanes like the A-26, B-17, B-24, B-29, P-40, P-47, P-61, were sent to Hill Field for structural repairs, engine overhauls, and spare parts.
The peak wartime employment at Hill Field was reached in 1943 with a total of just over 22,000 military and civilian personnel.
Starting in 1944, Hill Field was utilized for the long-term storage of surplus airplanes and their support equipment, including outmoded P-40 Tomahawks and P-40 Warhawks which had been removed from combat service and replaced by newer and better warplanes.
P-47 Thunderbolts, B-24 Liberators, B-29 Superfortresses, and many other types of aircraft were also prepared for and placed in storage at Hill over the course of the 1940s and 1950s.
Hill Field became the Hill Air Force Base on 5 February 1948, following the creation of the United States Air Force.
During the Korean War, Hill AFB was assigned a major share of the Air Materiel Command's logistical effort to support the combat in Korea.
Then during the 1960s, Hill AFB began to perform the maintenance support for various kinds of jet warplanes, mainly the F-4 Phantom II during the Vietnam War, and then afterwards, the more modern F-16 Fighting Falcons, A-10 Thunderbolt IIs, and C-130 Hercules, and also air combat missile systems and air-to-ground rockets.
The Ogden Air Logistics Complex provides worldwide engineering and logistics management for the F-16 Fighting Falcon, A-10 Thunderbolt II, and Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile.
The 75th ABW provides base operating support for the Ogden Air Logistics Complex, the 388th and 419th Fighter Wings, the 84th Combat Sustainment Wing, the 309th Maintenance Wing, the 508th Aerospace Sustainment Wing, and 25 subordinate units.
The Utah Test and Training Range is one of the only live-fire U.S. Air Force training ranges within the United States.
It is located in far western Utah, close to the Nevada border, and it extends both north and south of Interstate Highway 80, with several miles of separation on each side of the Interstate Highway.
The Utah Test and Training Range lies in Tooele County, and the land is owned by the state of Utah, but the use of the airspace and training exercises are scheduled by Hill AFB.
On September 8, 2004, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Genesis space probe crash-landed on the nearby U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, as planned.
Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Hill, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.
Three enlisted United States Air Force airmen stationed at Hill AFB – Pierre Dale Selby, William Andrews and Keith Roberts – were convicted in connection with the Hi-Fi murders, which took place at the Hi-Fi Shop in Ogden, Utah, on April 22, 1974.
Selby and Andrews were both sentenced to death for murder and aggravated robbery while Roberts, who had remained in a getaway vehicle, was convicted of robbery.
Note: Much of this text in an early version of this article was taken from pages on the Hill Air Force Base Website, which as a work of the U.S. Government is presumed to be a public domain resource.
Rift Valley Academy was ranked 2nd out of the top 100 best high schools in Africa by Africa Almanac in 2003, based upon quality of education, student engagement, strength and activities of alumni, school profile, internet and news visibility.
Having met with Hurlburt in the White House in 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt visited Kijabe shortly after leaving office four years later.
During this visit, in 1909, Roosevelt laid the cornerstone for Kiambogo, the main school building that remains the centerpiece of RVA's campus.
The two houses, Stanleys and Livingstons, were named for the two explorers and served as an organizational tool for the school.
Miss Perrott went on furlough in 1931 and was unable to return to Africa, but her influence was invaluable to the development of the school.
Just as World War I broke out, Miss Hope, who was by now Mrs. Westervelt, was forced to leave the field due to poor health.
The years during World War I were very difficult because it was hard to get staff to come due to the dangers of sea travel during the war.
It was during these years that there were a number of epidemics that forced the school to close periodically as well.
He was uniquely prepared for the job since he was one of the first Americans born in East Africa and an alumnus of the school.
He came to the job with several years of experience both as an educator and administrator, which was handy since both he and his wife Muriel needed to teach as they were the only staff at the time.
Downing's goal was to establish a lasting and positive culture so that parents would feel comfortable leaving their children at RVA.
It was during his time as principal that the school became much more deliberately academic, although it retained a mixed European and American curriculum.
Another Downing innovation was the introduction of Rendezvous or Mutton Guz, a party to reward those students who had not misbehaved too badly over the term.
He made a plea for teachers and funding because he recognized that without the school, many of the parents would not be able to stay on the field and that the school was in a very real way training the next generation of missionaries.
His desire was the school would be able to go all the way to 12th grade since prior to this students had to return to their home countries for their high school education.
It was clear the Mau Mau were raiding in the area, several days before the town of Lari had been burned and RVA was the next target.
Months later when several Mau Mau were captured they said they were on their way to attack the mission station but were prevented from doing so by a large number of soldiers that surrounded the campus.
Students began taking college entrance exams, the National Honor Society's chapter of Elimu Bora was founded and a spirit of educational excellence was begun to be seen.
Students were sleeping on the floor because there were not enough beds, and the student to staff ratio was much too high, leaving large numbers of students without adequate adult supervision.
He began the process of breaking down the us vs. them barriers between students and staff with programs like Caring Community and building more, smaller dorms.
During this time the school reached its full complement of students, and the school board put a cap on enrolment at 550.
In 1981, the RVA rugby team won the inaugural Prescott Cup under the coaching of Colin Densham, and in 1994 they won the trophy for the 10th time in 14 years.
In 1998 Roy Entwistle handed over the reins of RVA to Jim Long who served as superintendent for 5 years before turning it over to Tim Cook (no relation to Apple's Tim Cook) in 2003.
In the 80s and 90s, the school made great steps towards standardizing of curriculum, prior to this the curriculum left with the teacher and new teachers were forced to start from scratch.
Having survived the Mau Mau Rebellion of the 1950s and terrorist threats in the late 1990s, RVA has continued to grow.
Today it enrolls roughly 500 students, from kindergarten up to grade twelve, and allows both American and British curricula to be followed by its students.
The class of 2007 had graduates go to Harvard, Yale, University of Pennsylvania, M.I.T., Stanford, The US Air Force Academy, and the US Naval Academy.
Many RVA students, whose parents are typically North American, European, or Asian Christians working in East Africa, consider themselves third culture kids, in that their cultural identity is neither that of their parents' home country nor that of East Africa but rather is a hybrid of the two.
The Rugby First XV has won the Prescott Cup multiple times as well as the Black Rock tournament (most recently in 2017).
In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins.
A settlement, as well as dealing with the dispute between the parties is a contract between those parties, and is one possible (and common) result when parties sue (or contemplate so doing) each other in civil proceedings.
The contract is based upon the bargain that a party forgoes its ability to sue (if it has not sued already), or to continue with the claim (if the plaintiff has sued), in return for the certainty written into the settlement.
The settlement of the lawsuit defines legal requirements of the parties and is often put in force by an order of the court after a joint stipulation by the parties.
In other situations (as where the claims have been satisfied by the payment of a certain sum of money), the plaintiff and defendant can simply file a notice that the case has been dismissed.
Both sides (regardless of relative monetary resources) often have a strong incentive to settle to avoid the costs (such as legal fees, finding expert witnesses, etc.
The parties may hold (and indeed, the court may require) a settlement conference, at which they attempt to reach such a settlement.
In controversial cases, it may be written into a settlement that both sides keep its contents and all other information relevant to the case confidential or that one of the parties (usually the one being sued) does not, by agreeing to the settlement, admit to any fault or wrongdoing in the underlying issue.
Examples of a global settlement include the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement between the attorneys general of 46 U.S. states and the four major U.S. tobacco companies in 1999.
Usually, lawsuits end in a settlement, with an empirical analysis finding that less than 2% of cases end with a trial, 90% of torts settle, and around 50% of other civil cases settle.
The court is then free to modify its order as necessary to achieve justice in the case, and a party that breaches the settlement may be held in contempt of court, rather than facing only a civil claim for the breach.
Under Federal Rule of Evidence 408, settlement negotiations cannot usually be introduced as evidence at trial, and many state rules of evidence have similar rules modeled after it.
In these cases, the court order may refer to another document which is not disclosed, but which may be revealed to prove a breach of the settlement.
Confidentiality is not possible in class action cases in the United States, where all settlements are subject to approval by the court pursuant to Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and counterpart rules adopted in most states.
Federal courts can issue protective orders preventing the release, but the party seeking to prevent disclosure must show that harm or prejudice would result from the disclosure.
The confidentiality of settlements is controversial as it allows damaging actions to remain secret, as occurred in the Catholic sexual abuse scandal.
Washington state, Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana have laws limiting confidentiality as well, although judicial interpretation has weakened the application of these types of laws.
In the U.S. Congress, a similar federal Sunshine in Litigation Act has been proposed but not passed in 2009, 2011, 2014, and 2015.
Confidentiality agreements which keep secrets from regulators about violations is probably unenforceable, but a specific carveout granting regulators access is usually not included.
In England and Wales, if the matter is already before the courts, except in a case where the claim is to be dismissed outright and the Claimant agrees to pay the Defendant's costs, the matter is usually dealt with by a consent order, signed by the legal representatives of both parties and approved by the judge.
To get around the issue of confidentiality referred to above, a standard procedure consent order, known as a Tomlin Order is entered into.
The order itself contains an agreement that the claim is stayed and no further action can be taken in court (except for referring a dispute in the implementation of the order to court, which is allowed).
The order also deals with payment of costs, and payments of money out of court if any money is held by the court (as these are matters which must be dealt with by Court Order).
In Israel, which is a common law jurisdiction, settlements almost always are submitted to the court, for two reasons: (a) only by submitting the settlement to the court can the litigants control whether the court will order one or more parties to pay costs, and (b) the plaintiff (claimant) usually prefers for the settlement to be given the effect of a judgment.
In criminal matters, the closest parallel to a settlement is a plea bargain, although this differs in several important respects, particularly the ability of the presiding judge to reject the terms of a settlement.
Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey, KB, PC (circa 23 October 1729 – 14 November 1807) served as a British general in the 18th century.
A distinguished soldier in a generation of exceptionally capable military and naval personnel, he served in the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763, taking part in the defeat of France.
He later served in the American War of Independence (1775–1783) and in the early campaigns against France during the French Revolutionary War.
He was the fourth son of Sir Henry Grey, 1st Baronet, of Howick and Hannah, daughter of Thomas Wood of Fallodon in Northumberland.
Grey was born at his family's estate, known as Howick, 30 miles north of Newcastle upon Tyne and one mile from the North Sea.
Because he had three older brothers, Grey did not expect to inherit his father's titles and estates, so he pursued a career in the military.
In 1744, with financial assistance from his father, Grey purchased a commission as an ensign in the 6th Regiment of Foot.
Two months later, he purchased a captaincy in the 20th Regiment of Foot (subsequently titled 'East Devonshire Regiment', and in 1881 the Lancashire Fusiliers), in which James Wolfe served as lieutenant colonel.
In the Seven Years' War, he served as adjutant in the staff of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick and on 1 August 1759 was wounded at Minden.
In 1763 he retired on half-pay, but in 1772 he received a promotion to Colonel and served as aide-de-camp to King George III.
Immediately following his disastrous retreat at the Battle of Monmouth the American General Charles Lee excused himself from criticism by complaining that he had directly faced the advance Grey's 3rd brigade.
In 1778 he led raids at New Bedford on 5–6 September, destroying nearly all the shipping and burning twenty shops and twenty-two houses in the town, and Martha's Vineyard, where between 10 and 15 September, the British carried off all the sheep, swine, cattle and oxen that they could find with promise of payment in New York.
On 27 September 1778, Grey used the same methods as he had at the Battle of Paoli in a controversial night attack at Old Tappan, New Jersey, which came to be known as the Baylor Massacre.
At the outset of the war with Revolutionary France, in 1793, Sir Charles Grey was appointed commander of the West Indian expedition.
The campaign lasted about six weeks with the British capturing Fort Royal and Fort Saint Louis on 22 March, and Fort Bourbon two days later.
In acknowledgment of his service, he was raised in January 1801 to the peerage as Baron Grey, of Howick in the County of Northumberland.
Since her musical debut in 1999, Yung has won numerous awards, including the prestigious JSG 'Most Popular Female Singer' and 'Ultimate Best Female Singer – Gold' awards a record-breaking nine times, thus emerging as one of the foremost Cantonese singers of all time.
She was ranked 63rd on the 2014 Forbes China Celebrity 100, making her the most influential Hong Kong-based female singer that year.
However, not long after she joined the company, Pony Canyon shut down its Hong Kong branch and her musical career was again cut short.
In 1998, Yung signed with the Hong Kong record label Fitto Entertainment (which was taken over by Emperor Entertainment Group (EEG) in 1999.
In 1999 she was sent abroad for training and began to receive singing lessons from Teresa Carpio and the late Roman Tam, who she accompanied on concert tours to gain experience as a performer.
She also won her first 'Best Female Singer- Gold' award at the CRHK Music Awards, becoming the award's youngest ever recipient, and the Media Award for the artist who had accumulated the most awards from the four music award ceremonies in Hong Kong.
It was estimated that for 2004, her income was HK$60 million, including her income from endorsements alone amounting to HK$10 million.
Following the success of the concert, its CD/VCD/DVD was certified triple platinum, selling 120,000 copies, and Yung's album sales surpassed five million worldwide, an impressive feat in the Cantopop industry (in which an average album will sell around 100,000 copies).
However, Yung suffered from strained vocal cords and had to work for several days without talking in an effort to relax her vocal cords.
She also spent several days receiving remedial acupuncture treatment in Nanjing, and took singing lessons under vocal coach Christine Samson, known for teaching corrective singing techniques to many Cantopop singers.
Around the same time, Yung held a concert organised by Neway with appearances from other artists such as Anthony Wong, at17, Hins Cheung, Yumiko Cheng, Vincent Wong, and Sun Boy'z.
That year she sang a number of official songs for the 2008 Beijing Olympics and began a world tour shortly afterwards with shows in Malaysia, Canada, the United States, Mainland China, Singapore, and Macau.
She stated that she would be focusing on the Mandarin-language market after the break, recording a new Mandarin album and carrying out promotions in Taiwan and Mainland China.
On 26 April 2011, Yung became the first Chinese female singer to perform at London's Royal Albert Hall and the third Chinese singer overall, after her mentor Roman Tam in 1979 and Eason Chan in 2010.
The venue itself is also lesser known and smaller, as the total full attendance in the 17 shows combined would not amount to half the capacity of Hong Kong Coliseum.
Although there had been Senates in both the First and Second Empires, these had not technically been legislative bodies, but rather advisory bodies on the model of the Roman Senate.
France's first experience with an upper house was under the Directory from 1795 to 1799, when the Council of Ancients was the upper chamber.
With the Restoration in 1814, a new Chamber of Peers was created, on the model of the British House of Lords.
At first it contained hereditary peers, but following the July Revolution of 1830, it became a body to which one was appointed for life.
The Second Republic returned to a unicameral system after 1848, but soon after the establishment of the Second Empire in 1852, a Senate was established as the upper chamber.
The President of the Senate, in addition to his duties as presiding officer of the upper house of parliament, is also, according to the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, first in line of succession in case of death or resignation of the president, thus becoming Acting President of the Republic until a new election can be held.
Alain Poher, the President of the French Senate, served as Acting President of France from 28 April until 20 June 1969 (between the resignation of President Charles de Gaulle and the installation of his elected successor President Georges Pompidou) and again from 3 April until 27 May 1974 (between the death of President Georges Pompidou and the installation of his elected successor President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing).
Okafor attended Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas and the University of Connecticut, where in 2004 he won a national championship.
Both of his parents are natives of Nigeria, and Emeka was the first member of his family born in the United States.
Okafor's family moved to Bartlesville, Oklahoma when he was young because his father worked for Phillips Petroleum Company, headquartered in Bartlesville.
Bellaire was 26–5 in that season, losing 56–42 in the third round of the 2001 UIL state playoffs, to Willowridge High School and future Texas standout T. J. Ford.
This game is particularly notable, however, because it featured five players who would go on to play in an NCAA Final Four (Bellaire had Lucas and Okafor, while Willowridge featured Ford, Oklahoma State's Ivan McFarlin and Duke's Daniel Ewing).
Okafor flew under the recruiting radar for much of his high school career, but by the end of his senior year, Okafor was receiving late interest from top programs and chose to accept a scholarship at the University of Connecticut, choosing the Huskies over Arkansas and Vanderbilt.
Okafor played for the University of Connecticut from 2001 to 2004 where he was teammates with Charlie Villanueva, Marcus Williams, Ben Gordon, Hilton Armstrong and Josh Boone, who all went on to play in the NBA.
He majored in finance during his time at Connecticut, and he graduated with honors after three years in May 2004 with a 3.8 GPA.
Although he was plagued by back problems for most of the 2003–04 season, Okafor led UConn to the program's second national title in six seasons.
In addition, Okafor led the nation in blocks that season and was also named National Defensive Player of the Year by the National Association of Basketball Coaches.
In light of his collegiate achievements, Okafor was made a member of the 2004 U.S. National Men's Basketball Team which represented the U.S. at the Olympics in Athens.
On February 5, 2007, he was inducted to the Husky Ring Of Honor at Gampel Pavilion on the University of Connecticut campus in Storrs during halftime of the men's basketball game against the Syracuse Orange as part of a ceremony which recognized personal accomplishments of 13 former players and 3 coaches.
On April 16, 2004, Okafor declared his eligibility for the 2004 NBA draft, giving up his one remaining year of college athletic eligibility.
On June 24, Okafor was selected second overall in the draft, becoming the first ever draft pick by the expansion Charlotte Bobcats.
The following day, he accepted an invitation to join the United States team for the 2004 Summer Olympics, which finished with the bronze medal in Athens.
The 2004–05 season was a successful campaign as Okafor coped well with the pressures of being the star rookie on an expansion franchise.
Highlights of the season included recording 19 straight double-doubles from November 21 through January 1, and finishing seventh among Eastern Conference forwards in NBA All-Star Game fan balloting with 408,082 votes, by far the highest number garnered by any rookie in 2005.
At the end of the season, Okafor beat out his friend and former college teammate and roommate, Chicago Bulls guard Ben Gordon, to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award.
On June 24, 2005, the Bobcats picked up the option for the fourth year on Okafor's contract, as he quickly established himself as the face of the franchise, and a solid player for years to come.
Okafor finished his rookie season with 44.7% field goal percentage and per-game averages of 15.1 points, 10.9 rebounds (ranked 4th in the league), and 1.7 blocks.
It was this weight gain which he felt caused him to have trouble rehabbing his early season ankle injury and forced him to sit out most of the 2005–06 season with injuries to his ankle.
During the offseason he continued his tutorials with Hakeem Olajuwon, which he took up after his rookie season, and lost the 20 pounds which he had gained for his second season.
On December 29, 2006, in a home game against the Los Angeles Lakers, Emeka would record 22 points, 25 rebounds, and 4 blocks in over 51 minutes of play, in an epic 133–124 triple overtime victory.
On January 12, 2007, he would record an NBA season high ten blocks in a game against the New York Knicks.
In that game, he was one rebound away from recording the first ever triple-double in franchise history, finishing with 20 pts, 10 blocks, 9 rebounds, and 3 steals.
Prior to the start of the 2007–08 season, Okafor turned down a contract extension with the Charlotte Bobcats worth an estimated US$60 million over five years.
Despite feuding with head coach Sam Vincent throughout the season, Okafor still managed to average a double-double for the fourth consecutive season of his career.
Through tough negotiations the Bobcats and Okafor eventually reached an agreement on a six-year, $72 million deal, the largest in franchise history.
During the 2010–11 season, Okafor ended up making it to his first ever NBA playoff series against the Los Angeles Lakers.
Ultimately, the Hornets lost their first-round series 4-2, with Okafor having a decrease in points and rebounding averages throughout the six games.
On June 20, 2012, Okafor was traded, along with Trevor Ariza, to the Washington Wizards in exchange for Rashard Lewis and the 46th pick of the 2012 NBA draft.
Okafor went on to be named a finalist for the inaugural Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year Award for his contributions with the team on and off the court.
On October 25, 2013, days before the start of the 2013–14 season, Okafor was traded, along with a 2014 protected first-round draft pick, to the Phoenix Suns in exchange for Marcin Gortat, Shannon Brown, Kendall Marshall and Malcolm Lee.
However, he missed the entire season due to a herniated disc in his neck that was discovered in September 2013, and remained unsigned throughout the 2014–15 season, the 2015–16 season, and the 2016–17 season.
Filling in for the injured DeMarcus Cousins, Okafor averaged 4.4 points, 4.6 rebounds and 1 block in 26 regular-season games, including 19 starts.
Ulsan Hyundai Mobis Phoebus on December 4, 2019, coming off from bench with a double-double of eleven points and twelve rebounds plus two assists and two blocks in a 60–65 loss to the Anyang KGC.
It is a tributary of the Little Tennessee River (and in turn the Tennessee River, Ohio River and Mississippi River), into which it flows near the county seat of Franklin.
It flows from Lake Sequoyah, which is fed by Mirror Lake and other creeks and streams originating on the western side of the Eastern Continental Divide, which runs through the east side of Highlands.
A two-lane highway called Mountain Waters Scenic Byway, which is the combined route of U.S. 64 and NC 28, runs through the Cullasaja Gorge, which is mostly protected as part of the Nantahala National Forest.
One of the largest and most important Cherokee towns, known as Nikwasi or Nucassee, was located at the confluence of Cullasaja River with the Little Tennessee River.
John Allan Jones (born January 14, 1938), known professionally as Jack Jones, is an American jazz and pop singer and actor.
Jones is primarily a straight-pop singer (even when he recorded contemporary material) whose forays into jazz are mostly of the big-band/swing variety.
While performing at a San Francisco nightclub, Jones was heard by Pete King, a producer and artist for Kapp Records, who quickly signed him to the label.
Young, handsome, and well-groomed, Jack Jones was an anomaly in the 1960s pop scene, eschewing rock-and-roll trends and opting for the big band sound, lush romantic ballads, and the Great American Songbook, although sometimes he recorded something more pop-, country-, or bossa nova-oriented.
Besides the choice of material, Jones worked with such arrangers as Billy May, Nelson Riddle, Marty Paich, Shorty Rogers, Jack Elliott, Ralph Carmichael, Bob Florence, Don Costa, and Pete King.
He began recording more contemporary material, including covers of such well-known songwriters as Randy Newman, Harry Nilsson, Carole King, Paul Williams, Richard Carpenter, Gordon Lightfoot, and Gilbert O'Sullivan.
Since 1980 he has recorded few albums, and now performs in various concert arenas, and occasionally appears on the supper-club circuit.
In March 2008 Jones celebrated his 70th birthday and a half-century in show business with a concert at the McCallum Theatre in Palm Springs.
In the second half of the 1960s, Jones had a well-publicized relationship with actress Jill St. John, and the two were briefly married.
The rock is approximately 15 meters in height, and its shape looks like a woman carrying a baby on her back.
According to a legend, the faithful wife of a fisherman climbed the hills every day, carrying her son, to watch for the return of her husband, not knowing he had been drowned at sea.
In reward for her faithfulness she was turned into a rock by the Goddess of the Sea so that her spirit could unite with that of her husband.
Angus Lewis Macdonald (August 10, 1890 – April 13, 1954), popularly known as 'Angus L.', was a Canadian lawyer, law professor and politician from Nova Scotia.
He served as the Liberal premier of Nova Scotia from 1933 to 1940, when he became the federal minister of defence for naval services.
In the election of 1945, his Liberals returned to power while their main rivals, the Conservatives, failed to win a single seat.
Under his leadership, the Nova Scotia government spent more than $100 million paving roads, building bridges, extending electrical transmission lines and improving public education.
However, he also faced the reality that the financially strapped Nova Scotia government could not afford to participate fully in federal relief programs that required matching contributions from the provinces.
He articulated a philosophy of provincial autonomy, arguing that poorer provinces needed a greater share of national tax revenues to pay for health, education and welfare.
He contended that Nova Scotians were victims of a national policy that protected the industries of Ontario and Quebec with steep tariffs forcing people to pay higher prices for manufactured goods.
It was no accident, Macdonald said, that Nova Scotia had gone from the richest province per capita before Canadian Confederation in 1867 to poorest by the 1930s.
He supported public ownership of utilities like the Nova Scotia Power Commission, but rejected calls for more interventionist policies such as government ownership of key industries or big loans to private companies.
Angus Lewis Macdonald was born August 10, 1890, on a small family farm at Dunvegan, Inverness County, on Cape Breton Island.
His mother was from a prominent Acadian family on Prince Edward Island and his maternal grandfather was politician Stanislaus Francis Perry.
He hoped to enroll next in the Bachelor of Arts program at St Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, but his family couldn't afford to pay for a university education so Macdonald obtained a teaching licence and taught for two years to finance his education.
He completed his final term on credit and was required to teach in the university's high school during 1914–15 to pay off his debt.
He played rugby, joined the debating team, edited the student newspaper and, in his graduating year, won the gold medal in seven of his eight courses.
In February 1916, he joined the 185th battalion, known as the Cape Breton Highlanders, leaving for Britain in October 1916 where he received further training.
Macdonald was finally sent to the front lines in France in May 1918 as a lieutenant in Nova Scotia's 25th battalion.
He participated in heavy fighting and on one occasion led his entire company because all of the other officers had been wounded or killed.
Macdonald felt fortunate to have been spared, but his luck ran out in Belgium when he was hit in the neck by a German sniper's bullet on November 7, 1918, just four days before the Armistice.
During his two years there, Macdonald formed lifelong friendships with students who were to become members of the political elite in the region.
Once again, he excelled in athletics, was elected to the Dalhousie students' council, became the associate editor of the student newspaper and led the opposition in the law school's Mock Parliament.
One former student describes him sitting at his desk on the rostrum speaking slowly and deliberately while gazing intently at the ceiling.
Biographer John Hawkins writes she eventually helped her husband win election in a Halifax riding with a significant Irish Catholic population.
In 1925–26, while teaching at the Dalhousie Law School, Macdonald took additional courses in law at Columbia University in New York, mainly by correspondence.
He used these courses as the basis for full-time graduate work at the Harvard Law School in Boston, Massachusetts in 1928.
At the same time however, he was increasingly drawn to politics and accepting the deanship would mean postponing his political ambitions indefinitely.
In the end, the job was offered to Sidney Smith, another prominent Canadian academic who accepted on condition that Macdonald remain at the school.
In the 1928 provincial election, the Liberals regained some of their lost popularity in one of the closest votes in Nova Scotia history.
Economic conditions worsened after the stock market crash of 1929 making it seem increasingly likely that the Liberals would return to power in the next election.
In a departure from tradition, the party's new leader would be chosen by convention delegates instead of Liberal caucus members at the legislature.
Surprised, Macdonald at first declined the nomination, then agreed to accept it when he sensed strong support on the convention floor.
When the legislature was in session, he led the Liberals from the public galleries because he had no seat in the House.
It was a message that struck a chord in the province that had been the first in Canada to achieve responsible government in 1848 thanks to the efforts of the great liberal Reformer Joseph Howe.
The governing Conservatives, desperate to avoid electoral defeat, had enacted changes requiring that new voters' lists be drawn up by government-appointed registrars immediately before each election.
The Liberals secured a court order requiring the appointment of additional registrars and some of the disenfranchised voters were finally added to the lists.
The so-called Franchise Scandal enabled the Liberal press to cast Macdonald as a latter-day Joe Howe, crusading for the rights of the people.
The scandal, compounded by suffering in the province due to the Great Depression, resulted in Macdonald's Liberals winning 22 of the 30 seats on August 22, 1933.
On his first day in office, Macdonald kept a key Liberal promise by bringing in old age pensions for elderly people in need.
Biographer Stephen Henderson writes that Macdonald sympathized with the poor, but he worried that direct government relief payments would undermine their pride and self-respect.
Even though direct relief might be cheaper, the Macdonald government preferred to hire the unemployed for public works projects such as paving roads.
The government financed such public works by selling low-interest bonds and raising gasoline taxes from six to eight cents a gallon.
At the time, there was no national system of unemployment insurance and the Bennett Conservatives insisted that the unemployed were mainly the responsibility of the provinces and municipalities.
Although the federal government did provide relief during the Depression, Nova Scotia and the two other Maritime provinces were hampered by the federal system of matching grants for relief programs.
Thus, the poorest provinces received less federal aid than the richer ones because they couldn't afford to match the federal grants.
Historian E. R. Forbes points out for example, that from January to May 1935, all three levels of government spent an average of $2.84 for each relief recipient in the Maritimes, an amount less than half the $6.18 spent in the other six provinces.
He asked it to recommend economic policies the province should follow to lessen the effects of the Depression and to lay out a framework for negotiations with the federal government.
The three-man Jones Commission included Harold Innis, a prominent economic historian who had studied disparities between highly developed manufacturing regions and marginal ones that depended primarily on exploiting natural resources.
It also argued that Ottawa should establish equity among provinces and that redistribution of federal tax revenues should be based on need, an idea that became central to Macdonald's thinking about federal-provincial relations.
Among other things, the Commission called on the Macdonald government to continue paving roads; to undertake a program of rural electrification to keep young people on family farms; and, to establish a professional civil service that would defend Nova Scotia's interests against federal bureaucrats in Ottawa.
But biographer Stephen Henderson writes that Macdonald went well beyond these practical steps to promote Nova Scotia as a beautiful and rustic place peopled by colourful Scots, Acadians, Germans and Mi'kmaq.
Macdonald also helped assemble more than a quarter of a million acres (4,000 km) for the Cape Breton Highlands National Park complete with a fancy resort hotel and world-class golf course.
Although Macdonald's governing Liberals and the opposition Conservatives agreed on the need to protect union rights, the parties vied with each other to take credit for the Trade Union Act.
In January 1937, Premier Macdonald carried a bottle of bootleg rum to a meeting with union officials in Sydney, Cape Breton where they gave him a draft bill based on the American National Labor Relations Act.
The legislation faced opposition from the Canadian Manufacturers' Association during public hearings, but Liberals and Conservatives combined to pass it unanimously.
In March 1937, Macdonald announced that after 14 years of running operating deficits, the Nova Scotia government had recorded a surplus with another forecast for the next year.
Macdonald promised the government would spend another $7.5 million on its popular road paving program overseen by A. S. MacMillan, the veteran Minister of Highways.
Biographer Stephen Henderson writes however, that Macdonald wanted to remain as premier so he could present Nova Scotia's case to a Royal Commission on federal-provincial relations.
Canada's poorer provinces found it impossible to cope with widespread poverty and hunger while the federal government resisted taking full responsibility for unemployment relief.
He called on the federal government to take full responsibility for social programs such as unemployment insurance, old-age pensions and mothers' allowances.
Macdonald recommended that the federal government be given exclusive jurisdiction over income taxes and succession duties to pay for these programs.
He argued however, that to maintain their independence, the provinces needed to collect indirect sources of revenue such as sales taxes.
His argument was based on the premise that richer provinces benefited from national economic policies such as high tariffs while poorer provinces were penalized by them.
Macdonald suggested that compensatory subsidies to poorer, less-populated provinces be based on need, not population, so that they could pay for government services available in other parts of the country without having to impose higher-than-average levels of taxation.
The provinces failed to agree on what should be done, but in April, the federal government went ahead on its own announcing it would levy steep taxes on personal and corporate incomes as a temporary measure to finance Canada's participation in the Second World War.
The death of his minister of defence in an air crash in June 1940 gave King an opportunity to reorganize his administration.
Ralston agreed but imposed two conditions: First that J. L. Ilsley of Nova Scotia replace him as minister of finance and second that he get assistance in his new portfolio.
King decided to appoint two additional ministers, one in charge of the Royal Canadian Air Force, the other to oversee the Royal Canadian Navy.
Macdonald, who had fought in World War I as a soldier on the front lines in France and Belgium, decided it was his duty to fight World War II as a political leader in Ottawa.
He handed over his responsibilities as premier to A. S. MacMillan and was sworn into the federal cabinet on July 12, 1940.
He oversaw a massive increase in Canada's naval forces and played a key role in a political crisis that threatened to tear the Liberal government and the country apart.
When he entered the federal cabinet in 1940, Macdonald seemed a likely candidate to replace the aging King and one day become prime minister himself.
When the Conservatives agreed not to run a candidate against him however, Macdonald had no choice but to stand for office in Kingston.
By the end of the war, the RCN had expanded by 50 times its original strength with about 400 fighting ships, almost 500 additional craft and about 96,000 men and women.
The RCN was assigned the task of escorting supply vessels transporting food and other materials needed to keep the war going.
This convoy duty was critically important as German submarines or U-boats sought to starve Britain into submission by sinking supply ships.
In the early part of the war, the Canadian navy lacked equipment that could detect underwater submarines as well as efficient radar for sighting ones on the surface.
Macdonald himself lacked military expertise and often depended on senior naval staff who kept him in the dark about equipment shortages and other problems.
Macdonald's conflict with high ranking naval officers, particularly Rear Admiral Percy W. Nelles, led to the effective dismissal of the latter in 1944.
Yet, as the war progressed, the RCN, led by Macdonald, gradually became more effective in protecting the huge cargoes of materials on which Allied victory depended.
Biographer Stephen Henderson maintains that Macdonald played a key role in the wartime conscription crises that beset the federal government in 1942, and again in 1944, as Prime Minister Mackenzie King tried to avoid imposing compulsory military service overseas.
A committed internationalist, he believed it unfair that some bore the sacrifices of overseas service while others escaped what he saw as their military obligations.
Macdonald realized however, that conscription was highly unpopular in French-speaking Quebec and that enforcing it would split the country at a time when national unity was crucial.
He also recognized that in the early years of the war, voluntary enlistment was producing enough recruits to meet the needs of the armed forces.
As the opposition Conservatives continued to press for overseas conscription, the King government held a national plebiscite on April 27, 1942.
Macdonald's two cabinet colleagues from Nova Scotia, defence minister J. L. Ralston, and finance minister J. L. Ilsley, urged the government to introduce conscription immediately.
A more cautious Macdonald wanted the government to commit itself to conscription should it be required to support the war effort.
Ralston wanted King to impose conscription, but at Macdonald's urging, seemed willing to compromise by going along with the prime minister's plan for one last voluntary recruitment campaign.
King himself seemed to recognize that if Macdonald had left, Ilsley would have resigned too, possibly taking other ministers with him and causing the government's collapse.
In the end, King was forced to impose overseas conscription after the failure of the voluntary recruitment campaign, but the war ended soon after and his government survived unscathed.
When Macdonald returned to Nova Scotia in 1945, he was only 55, but the silver-haired politician now seemed 20 years older.
Less than two months later, Macdonald's Liberals swept the province wiping out the Conservatives for the first time since Confederation and winning all but two Cape Breton ridings where voters elected members of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation or CCF, the forerunner of the present-day New Democratic Party, or NDP.
In spite of his huge victory, a close colleague noted that Macdonald was not the same man he had been before he left Nova Scotia in 1940.
He argued that in order to maintain their independence, provinces needed exclusive jurisdiction over such sources of revenue as gasoline, electricity and amusement taxes.
Macdonald urged the federal government to accept the 1940 recommendations of the Rowell-Sirois Commission and redistribute national wealth based on need.
Such a policy, he maintained, would enable poorer provinces to sustain government services available in other parts of the country without having to impose higher-than-average levels of taxation.
Aside from his role as a national spokesman for provincial rights, Macdonald presided over an administration that invested heavily in education.
His government financed the building of rural high schools and extended financial assistance to Dalhousie University's schools of medicine and law.
Macdonald also appointed Nova Scotia's first minister of education, Henry Hicks, in 1949 to oversee $7.6 million in spending, about a fifth of the provincial budget.
The Macdonald Liberals easily won re-election in 1949 and 1953, but the Conservatives made steady gains under Robert Stanfield, their new leader.
The Conservatives for example, drew attention to kickback schemes under which brewing companies, wineries and distilleries contributed to the Liberal party in exchange for the right to sell their products in government liquor stores.
However, Macdonald suffered a slight heart attack on April 11, 1954, and was admitted to hospital where he died in his sleep two nights later, just four months before his 64th birthday.
Macdonald's body lay in state for three days in the legislative building as more than 100,000 people filed past to pay their respects.
In the next provincial election held on October 30, 1956, Robert Stanfield and his Conservatives won 24 seats, the Liberals 18.
Like Howe, Macdonald was a passionate and eloquent leader whose elegantly crafted speeches reflected his wit, wide learning and respect for factual accuracy.
Macdonald's reputation as the premier who led the province out of the Great Depression rested on his commitment to ambitious government projects such as highway construction and rural electrification.
Two projects that he pushed especially hard for, the Canso Causeway linking Cape Breton Island to mainland Nova Scotia and a suspension bridge spanning Halifax Harbour were completed after his death.
The bridge, named in his honour, made it possible to travel between Halifax and Dartmouth without having to board a ferry or drive several kilometres around the Bedford Basin.
Macdonald consistently called for a more equitable redistribution of wealth, so that poorer provinces such as Nova Scotia, could share fully in Canada's prosperity.
Biographer Stephen Henderson writes that Macdonald deserves credit for the introduction, in 1957, of an equalization scheme designed to enable poorer provinces to provide comparable levels of services to their citizens.
Macdonald's advocacy of provincial autonomy however, fell victim to the centralizing tendencies of a post-war welfare state in which the federal government increasingly assumed greater control over national social programs.
He served as honorary chair and fundraiser for the university's centennial celebrations in 1953 and raised money to support student research into the early history of the Scots in Nova Scotia.
Thus, when the Angus L. Macdonald Library officially opened on July 17, 1965, 50 coats of arms representing both Scottish and Irish clans adorned the walls of its reading room.
Laurent Patrick Fignon (; 12 August 1960 – 31 August 2010) was a French professional road bicycle racer who won the Tour de France in 1983 and 1984 and the Giro d'Italia in 1989.
He nearly captured the Tour de France for a third time in 1989 before being edged by Greg LeMond by 8 seconds, the closest margin ever to decide the Tour.
He told his parents that he was leaving the university and would join the army at the end of the year to do his military service.
Fignon rode an early stage attempting to hold the wheel of Bernard Hinault, the top professional cyclist, and succeeded for much of the race.
After Fignon broke away in the second stage, he became the leader of the race, and got to wear the pink jersey.
Guimard did not want to send Fignon to the Tour de France, because two grand tours could be too much for a 22-year-old rider.
When Hinault, winner of four of the five previous Tours, announced that he would not start due to injury, the Renault team was without a leader.
Fignon was added to the 1983 Tour de France selection for the Renault team, and the team decided to go for stage wins, with hopes of having Fignon or Marc Madiot compete for the best debutant category.
After stage nine, the first mountain stage, Fignon was in second place, behind Pascal Simon, and he was allowed to be team leader.
On the fifteenth stage, a mountain time trial, Fignon was able to win back so much time that he was within one minute of Simon.
On the next stages, Fignon was able to answer all attacks from his opponents, and he even won the time trial on the 21st stage.
Fignon later said that he was lucky to have won the 1983 Tour: if Hinault had been present Fignon would have helped him, as Hinault was the team leader.
Early in his broadcasting career legendary broadcaster and former TDF rider Paul Sherwen referred to Fignon as an alternate version of his nickname during telecasts which into English approximately translates 'The Stern Professor'.
In 1984, Hinault moved to the new La Vie Claire team, established by the French entrepreneur Bernard Tapie and directed by Swiss coach Paul Koechli.
In the 1984 Giro d'Italia, Fignon was in the lead near the end of the race, with Italian Francesco Moser in second place.
In one of the more outrageous actions of a major tour, on the final stage, an individual time trial, camera helicopters flew in front of Fignon, creating a headwind, and behind Moser, creating a tailwind.
In the seventeenth stage, Hinault attacked five times on the penultimate climb, but every time Fignon was able to get back.
Coming into the 1985 season Fignon felt stronger than ever, but a knee injury caused him to miss the 1985 Tour.
In 1986 Fignon won La Flèche Wallonne and he entered the 1986 Tour de France, but placed poorly in the first individual time trial and retired on stage 12 to Pau.
Fignon returned to near his full strength in 1987, when he finished third in the 1987 Vuelta a España, behind Luis Herrera.
Later that year, he finished 7th overall in the 1987 Tour de France, taking another victory at La Plagne (stage 21).
In the 1989 Tour de France, 1988 winner Pedro Delgado was the big favourite, with Fignon, Stephen Roche, and Erik Breukink listed together as top contenders.
After Delgado inexplicably was nearly three minutes late for the start of the prologue time trial, the race was open to all contenders, and ended up a battle between Greg LeMond and Fignon.
Fignon came back by dropping LeMond on Alpe d'Huez, taking back the lead, and after he won alone at Villard-de-Lans the next day, the margin was 50 seconds.
Before the final stage, a short time trial of 24.5 km, the time difference between LeMond and Fignon was 50 seconds, a seemingly insurmountable amount.
To win, LeMond would have to take two seconds a kilometer on one of the fastest time trialists in the Tour.
Although it was considered unlikely that LeMond would be able to win back 50 seconds on the 24.5 km, LeMond gave his best, and rode the fastest time trial until 2015.
Fignon had developed saddle sores in stage 19, which gave him pain and made it impossible to sleep in the night before the time trial.
Fignon rode a very fast time trial, and came in third for the stage, but still ended up losing the overall lead to LeMond.
It was suggested afterwards that if Fignon had cut off his ponytail, the reduction in drag might have been sufficient for him to have won the Tour.
He often refused to smile for photographs, and at one point spat into the lens of a cameraman who asked for an interview.
Following this Fignon moved over to the Italian Gatorade team to act as co-captain and advisor to promising young talent Gianni Bugno.
After a dramatic 1992 Giro d'Italia, in which he was in heavy crisis during mountain stages, he rode his last Tour that same year, finishing 23rd overall.
The race saw an angered Fignon take his ninth stage win, holding off a series of attacks by Guimard's Castorama team before winning at Mulhouse during stage 11.
Fignon's last victory as professional cyclist was in the early-season Ruta Mexico in 1993, after a tight duel with Francisco Villalobos and surviving a massive collision that saw the group hit by a tow truck driven by a drunken man.
He was subsequently disqualified from the final result but claimed, in his autobiography, that the positive test was the result of a commercial dispute between two Belgian companies.
He noted major changes in the sport in the early 1990s with the onset of routine use of Human Growth Hormone and the blood-booster, EPO.
Fignon stated he was revolted by the idea of taking hormones to enhance performance, and the mere suggestion he refused out of hand.
He retired from competition in 1993 when he realized that cycling had changed, and that he no longer had a place in it.
On his relationships with Cyrille Guimard and Bernard Hinault, Fignon said that with Bernard Hinault, Guimard already found a champion, whereas with himself, Guimard made him a champion.
He noted that early in his career he had dabbled with recreational drugs, amphetamines and cortisone, but did not believe they played a role in his illness.
We talked about a lot of different things outside of cycling and I was fortunate to really get to know him when my career stopped.
I believe he was also one of the generation that was cut short in the early nineties because he was not able to fulfill the rest of his career.
The town, sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales, is situated at above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys.
At the 2001 Census 5.75% of the 16-65 age group spoke Welsh, but the proportion of children (ages 3–15) able to speak Welsh was much higher at 30.54%.
The town had the only Welsh-medium primary school, Ysgol Gymraeg Brynmawr, in Blaenau Gwent with 310 pupils ranging from nursery to year 6 until 2010, when the school re-located to a brand new, purpose-built building in Blaina.
The town centre's primary shopping areas are contained within Beaufort Street and on Market Square which is also the focal point of the town where many events are hosted.
The business community offers many traditional, family-orientated and independently run shops, such as Tutta Bella, Durbans Shoe repairs, Perfectday Bridal and many more.
Brynmawr is also home to many artisan food producers, such as the award-winning Miss Daisy's Kitchen, specialist vegan and gluten-free food producers Daddies Little Pickle, and the Little Dragon Pizza Van, who organise the annual Brynmawr Street Food Festival.
As of April 1, 2017 the Market Hall Cinema has been closed since November 2016 after Blaenau Gwent Council conducted a series of asbestos tests in the building.
Gordon played high school basketball for the Mount Vernon Knights, and helped lead the team to the 2000 New York State Public and Federation Championships.
As a freshman at UConn, Gordon ranked second on the team in scoring (12.6 ppg), despite coming off the bench for most of the season.
As a sophomore Gordon averaged a team-leading 19.5 points (which ranked 50th in the nation) and also led the Huskies with 156 total assists, which earned Gordon Second Team All-Big East honors.
In Gordon's junior and final year at UConn, he averaged a team-leading 20.5 points (again ranked 50th in the nation), 4.7 rebounds and 4.5 assists.
Following his junior year, Gordon declared himself eligible for the 2004 NBA draft and was selected third overall by the Chicago Bulls, one pick after the Charlotte Bobcats drafted his UConn teammate, Emeka Okafor.
Before the 2004 NBA draft, Gordon thought that he would be drafted anywhere from 7th to 12th, but as the draft got closer he claimed to have an inkling that the Bulls might draft him third as they did with Michael Jordan 20 years earlier in the 1984 NBA draft.
As we started getting closer and I started to get an inkling that the Bulls could be a team that I could end up playing for, I started to look at the numbers.
Gordon wore the number 4 on his jersey in high school and college, but had to wear the number 7 with the Bulls due to the number 4 being retired.
4 my whole career but, of course, Jerry Sloan already had that number beforehand so there wasn't much I could do about it.
Between Michael Jordan's departure in 1998 and Gordon's arrival in 2004, the Bulls did not win more than 30 games in a single season.
In his rookie year, Gordon helped lead a turnaround from a 3–14 start to finish 47–35 and secure the fourth seed in the playoffs.
In their first playoff appearance in the post-Jordan era, the Bulls (without Luol Deng) lost to the Washington Wizards in six games.
Gordon was also the NBA's Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month 3 times (January through to March), and was also voted onto the NBA All-Rookie First Team.
Gordon also had problems with turnovers (4.46 per 48 minutes; sixth in the league in 2004–05), however, and an overall lack of stamina in his rookie season.
Gordon also revealed that he was in the process of designing an energy drink called BG7, an allusion to his initials and jersey number.
The drink was made with white tea, which has a very high amount of antioxidants, and the most polyphenols of any tea.
In his sophomore campaign (2005–06), Gordon alternated between the starting lineup and bench for the Bulls, starting 47 games (mostly in the later half of the season) while coming off of the bench for 35.
Gordon was selected to play for the Sophomores in the Rookie Challenge held during the NBA All-Star Weekend, in which he scored 17 points.
On April 14, 2006, in a Bulls win over the Washington Wizards, Gordon tied the record for the most consecutive three-pointers made in a game with 9.
The Bulls returned to the playoffs but were again eliminated in the first round in six games; this time they lost to the Miami Heat, who went on to win the NBA Championship.
On March 4, 2007, Gordon established a career-high 48 points, leading a miraculous comeback effort to win 126–121 in overtime against the Milwaukee Bucks.
In the first round of the playoffs the Bulls again faced the Heat, but this time won the series in four games, becoming the first team in NBA history to sweep the defending champions in the first round.
They lost to the Detroit Pistons in the second round, but were able to force the series to six games after initially falling behind 3–0.
On the heels of their first playoff series win in nearly a decade, the Bulls entered the 2007–08 season with high expectations.
Prior to the season, Gordon and Deng both turned down offers for contract extensions, believing they could earn more in free agency.
The Bulls drafted Derrick Rose with their first overall pick in 2008, raising questions about how Gordon and Rose could coexist in Chicago's backcourt (both were score-first guards).
On October 1, 2008, Gordon finally accepted a one-year qualifying offer of $6.4 million after being unable to secure the contract that he was hoping for.
However Gordon and Rose developed chemistry playing with each other, and helped the Bulls finish the season on a 15–8 run to just qualify for the playoffs at 41–41.
Entering the playoffs as the seventh seed and matched with the defending champion Boston Celtics, critics and observers expected the Bulls to be swept.
However, in a series that featured the scoring exploits of Gordon (42 points in game 2) and Ray Allen (51 points in game 6), as well as five games decided by a single basket, the Bulls pushed the series to seven games before finally losing.
He scored 45 points to help bring Detroit back from a 25-point deficit, though they still lost to the Denver Nuggets 116–115.
On June 26, 2012, Gordon and a future first-round pick were traded to the Charlotte Bobcats in a deal that sent Corey Maggette to the Pistons.
On November 28, 2012, Gordon scored 20 points in the fourth quarter of an eventual 91–94 loss to the Atlanta Hawks.
He finished with 26 points on 7-of-11 shooting, making 7-of-10 from beyond the arc, to go with 5 free throw attempts and makes.
On July 22, 2016, it was announced that Gordon would be selected for Great Britain's 24-man preliminary roster for the EuroBasket 2017 qualifiers.
Gordon made Great Britain's 12-man roster for the EuroBasket 2017 qualifiers, and during the qualification games, he averaged 9.2 points, 4.2 rebounds, and 3.3 assists per game.
In October 2017, Gordon was hospitalized for a psychiatric evaluation after an altercation with a female patron at a holistic wellness center in Mount Vernon, New York.
He was arrested once more on November 20, 2017 in Manhattan for punching the manager of an apartment complex, pulling a knife on him and robbing him of his security deposit.
54 by Dmitri Shostakovich was written in 1939, and first performed in Leningrad on 21 November 1939 by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky.
On average, the first movement is 15–20 minutes long, the second movement is 4–6 minutes long, and the third movement is 5–7 minutes long.
This symphony is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 3 clarinets (3rd doubling Eb clarinet), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, tam-tam, xylophone, harp, celesta and strings.
In January 1939, he spoke about the Sixth Symphony in a radio address, with no mention of Lenin or any extramusical associations.
The musical character of the Sixth Symphony will differ from the mood and emotional tone of the Fifth Symphony, in which moments of tragedy and tension were characteristic.
6 took place in the Large Hall of the Leningrad Philharmonic in Leningrad by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky—the same location and performers.
However, although a local critic lauded Shostakovich for further freeing himself from formalistic tendencies in his new symphony, the work was later criticised for its ungainly structure and the jarring juxtaposition of moods.
The Maytag Corporation is an American home and commercial appliance brand owned by Whirlpool Corporation after the April 2006 acquisition of Maytag.
During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the company was one of the few to actually make a profit in successive years.
The company was able to beat the strike because of the intervention of four military companies, including a machine gun company, of the 113th Cavalry Regiment, Iowa National Guard.
In 1946, production of washing machines was resumed; in 1949, the first automatic washers were produced in a new, dedicated factory.
Maytag first entered the commercial laundry field at this time, manufacturing washers and dryers for commercial self-service laundries and commercial operators.
These included 'full-line' manufacturers such as Whirlpool, General Electric, and Frigidaire, who built not only washing machines and dryers, but also refrigerators, stoves, and other appliances.
Since Maytag was much smaller than the full-line producers, the company decided to limit itself to the manufacture of washers and dryers, alongside marketing ovens and refrigerators built by other companies, as a small, premium-brand manufacturer.
By 1960, Maytag had ceased marketing ovens and refrigerators, but later began once again to expand into kitchen appliances with its own design of portable kitchen dishwasher and a line of food-waste disposers.
Upon the death of Fred Maytag II, the last family member involved in the company's management, E. G. Higdon was named president of the company, with George M. Umbreit becoming chairman and CEO.
By the late 1970s, over 70 percent of U.S. households were equipped with washers and dryers, and with approximately 18,000 employees worldwide, the company was established as a dominant manufacturer of large laundry appliances.
After the company's acquisition of Magic Chef, Inc., in 1986, a move which nearly doubled its size, the company acquired a new corporate name, Maytag Corporation.
This was a huge setback for the amount of cash Maytag had in hand and thus started the downward spiral financially.
The Plastic tub was developed in Newton, Iowa, but in 1996 Engineering was transferred to Jackson because Mr. Len Hadley, then president of Maytag Corporation, wanted the plant to be self-sufficient.
Engineering crescendoed with a Double Drawer dishwasher which today is manufactured in Findlay Ohio at the Whirlpool Plant, the only Maytag legacy product built in the Whirlpool Appliance line-up.
Blodgett made ovens for Major Pizza companies at the time of this purchase Maytag was looking at the Turbo Chef line they had been working on up to this point.
That same year, Ralph F. Hake became the last chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Maytag Corporation, serving in that post until March 2006.
Once renowned as the standard for laundry appliances, by 2003 the company faced increasing competition from new appliance brands in the US market, as well as from existing appliance manufacturers who had outsourced production a decade earlier in order to reduce costs.
While Maytag had begun the process of shifting appliance production to lower-cost assembly plants outside the United States, in 2004 the company was still producing 88 percent of its products in older U.S.-based factories.
In an apparent move away from traditional company marketing strategy, company management decided on a plan to stimulate consumer purchases of new Maytag appliances before their old ones had worn out.
Costs incurred in Maytag's acquisition and integration of Amana and an increased corporate debt load led to aggressive internal cost-cutting efforts in direct materials, manufacturing, and distribution costs.
To increase sales, the company also marketed Maytag-branded 'Legacy Series' washing machines that were otherwise identical to low-end Amana models, and built at the formerly Amana assembly plant in Herrin, Illinois.
An increasing chorus of consumer complaints concerning product reliability and customer service, assisted by the rapid growth of internet consumer forums, began to affect the company's reputation with customers.
By 2005, Maytag's market share had declined to all-time lows, sales were flat, and customer satisfaction surveys ranked Maytag near the bottom of the appliance field.
In 2005, Haier sought to expand its share of foreign markets by acquiring rival white-goods OEMs and by expanding overseas production capacity.
With backing from two large U.S. private equity funds, Haier made a bid to acquire U.S. appliance maker Maytag for $1.28 billion.
In May 2006, Whirlpool announced plans to close the former Maytag headquarters office in Newton, as well as laundry product manufacturing plants in Newton, Iowa; Herrin, Illinois; and Searcy, Arkansas by 2007.
Former Maytag chairman and CEO, Ralph F. Hake, received two years' base salary and two years' target bonus under his severance agreement.
On January 1, 2009, Maytag (under the ownership of the Whirlpool Corp.) changed the vested lifetime benefits of the Maytag retirees.
There is a lawsuit pending in the Southern District Court of Iowa where Whirlpool has asked for permission to change the UAW bargained benefits.
In major appliances, Maytag was among the top three companies in the North American market, offering a full line of washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, cooktops, refrigerators, and ranges under the Maytag, Jenn-Air, Amana, and Magic Chef brands.
Maytag sold multiple small appliances including a cordless iron under the Maytag brand, a mixer and blender under Jenn-Air, the company also sold the popular Skybox and Rookie home-vending products.
In floor care, Maytag owned the Hoover brand, the market leader in North America and the floor-care brand with the highest consumer recognition and buying preference.
In commercial products, Maytag owned Dixie-Narco, a leader in refrigerated soft drink and specialty vending machines as well as Jade cooking products and Amana commercial cooking products.
The corporation's export sales and marketing, licensing of brands, and international joint ventures was coordinated by Maytag International in Schaumburg, Illinois.
In 1988, DOMICOR was established as Maytag Corporation's international division and in 1992 became Maytag International, Inc. which eventually encompassed all of Maytag's worldwide ventures including Maytag Australia, Maytag Japan, Maytag Commercial (Mexico), and Maytag UK.
Maytag International, was based in Schaumburg, Illinois, handled the sales, licensing and business ventures of corporate appliances and floorcare brands in overseas markets as well as the administrative support for the international sales organization.
Maytag International was responsible for export sales and licensing of the corporation's appliances and floor care brands and joint ventures in overseas markets.
The main office is located in Chicago with major subsidiary offices in Burlington, Ontario (Canada), Monterrey (Mexico), Sydney (Australia), and London (England) and region sales offices in Beirut (Lebanon) and Yokohama (Japan).
As of 2008, Maytag, by this time a division of Whirlpool Corporation, had 14 manufacturing plants throughout the United States and Mexico.
The Hoover floor care plant in Canton, Ohio was sold to Techtronic Industries, and its Dixie-Narco vending machine plant in Williston, South Carolina was acquired by Crane Merchandising Systems.
In a time in which the laundry appliances of major manufacturers had reached maturity, differing mostly in minor details, the campaign was designed to remind consumers of the perceived added value in Maytag products derived from the brand's reputation for dependability.
Now if only he had something to do with his days.” The campaign proved a huge success, allowing Maytag to set a substantial price premium, as well as strongly influencing consumer preference at the higher end of the laundry appliance market.
Actor Hardy Rawls was hired to play Ol' Lonely after Jump's retirement in 2003, although he appeared only in print advertising and personal appearances.
On April 2, 2007, Maytag announced that Clay Earl Jackson of Richmond, Virginia had been selected to fill the role of Ol' Lonely.
Times were changing however, and events at Maytag and within the industry began to diminish the effectiveness of the long-lived Maytag- repairman campaign.
Consumer demand for innovative, expensive, and increasingly complex electronically controlled and computerized appliances, coupled with higher labor costs and complaints over Maytag product quality and service, influenced a decline in Maytag sales and profit margins.
But instead of commercials showing the repairman waiting around his shop for a Maytag appliance to break, he is playing the part of the actual appliance.
A stove is an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to heat either the space in which the stove is situated, or items placed on the heated stove.
There are many types of stoves, such as the kitchen stove, which is used to cook food, and the wood-burning stove or a coal stove, which is typically used for heating a dwelling.
Pellet stoves, for example, are a type of clean-burning stove, and air-tight stoves are another type that burn the wood more completely and therefore reduce the amount of the resulted combustion by-products.
Pottery and other cooking vessels may be placed directly on an open fire, but setting the vessel on a support, as simple as a base of three stones, resulted in a stove.
In some areas it developed into a U-shaped dried mud or brick enclosure with the opening in the front for fuel and air, sometimes with a second smaller hole at the rear.
Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath or to the side that is used for baking.
Traditionally these have been fueled by wood, and one of the earliest recorded instances of a wood-burning kitchen stove was the so-called stew stove (developed in 1735 by the French designer François de Cuvilliés and officially termed the Castrol Stove).
The most common stove for heating in the industrial world for almost a century and a half was the coal stove that burned coal.
Coal burns at a much higher temperature than wood, and coal stoves must be constructed to resist the high heat levels.
A coal stove can burn either wood or coal, but a wood stove might not burn coal unless a grate is supplied.
This is because coal stoves are fitted with a grate so allowing part of the combustion air to be admitted below the fire.
In free air, solid fuels burn at a temperature of only about , which is too low a temperature for perfect combustion reactions to occur, heat produced through convection is largely lost, smoke particles are evolved without being fully burned and the supply of combustion air cannot be readily controlled.
By enclosing the fire in a chamber and connecting it to a chimney, draft (draught) is generated pulling fresh air through the burning fuel.
This causes the temperature of combustion to rise to a point () where efficient combustion is achieved, the enclosure allows the ingress of air to be regulated and losses by convection are almost eliminated.
It also becomes possible, with ingenious design, to direct the flow of burned gasses inside the stove such that smoke particles are heated and destroyed.
This can represent a significant loss of heat as an open fireplace can pull away many cubic metres of heated air per hour.
Efficiency is generally regarded as the maximum heat output of a stove or fire, and is usually referred to by manufacturers as the difference between heat to the room and heat lost up the chimney.
Near the end of the 18th century, the design was refined by hanging the pots in holes through the top iron plate, thus improving heat efficiency even more.
Modern enclosed stoves are often built with a window to let out some light and to enable the user to view progress of the fire.
Due to its large thermal mass the captured heat is radiated over long periods of time without the need of constant firing, and the surface temperature is generally not dangerous to touch.
An early and famous example of a metal stove is the Franklin stove, said to have been invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1742.
It had a labyrinthine path for hot exhaust gases to escape, thus allowing heat to enter the room instead of going up the chimney.
His Rumford fireplace used one fire to heat several pots that were also hung into holes so that they could be heated from the sides, too.
It would take another 30 years until the technology had been refined and the size of the iron stove been reduced enough for domestic use.
In the following years, these iron stoves evolved into specialised cooking appliances with flue pipes connected to the chimney, oven holes, and installations for heating water.
The originally open holes into which the pots were hung were now covered with concentric iron rings on which the pots were placed.
The largest strides have been made in innovations for biomass burning stoves, such as the wood-burning stoves used in many of the most populous countries.
These new designs address the fundamental problem that wood and other biomass fires inefficiently consume large amounts of fuel to produce relatively small amounts of heat, while producing fumes that cause significant indoor and environmental pollutants.
Increases in efficiency mean that a stove's users can spend less time gathering wood or other fuels, suffer less emphysema and other lung diseases prevalent in smoke-filled homes, while reducing deforestation and air pollution.
The shelled dry kernel of corn, also called a corn pellet, creates as much heat as a wood pellet, but generates more ash.
A pellet stove is a type of clean-burning stove that uses small, biological fuel pellets which are renewable and very clean-burning.
There are more than half a million homes in North America using pellet stoves for heat, and probably a similar number in Europe.
Other efficient stoves are based on Top Lit updraft (T-LUD) or wood gas or smoke burner stove, a principle applied and made popular by Dr. Thomas Reed, which use small pieces of sticks, chips of wood or shavings, leaves, etc., as fuel.
The efficiency is very high — up to 50 percent — as compared to traditional stoves that are 5 to 15 percent efficient on average.
An air-tight stove is a wood-burning stove designed to burn solid fuel, traditionally wood, in a controlled fashion so as to provide for efficient and controlled fuel use, and the benefits of stable heating or cooking temperatures.
They are made of sheet metal, consisting of a drum-like combustion chamber with airflow openings that can be open and shut, and a chimney of a metre or more length.
Most modern air-tight stoves feature a damper at the stove's outlet that can be closed to force the exhaust through an after burner at the top of the stove, a heated chamber in which the combustion process continues.
Some air-tight stoves feature a catalytic converter, a platinum grid placed at the stove outlet to burn remaining fuel that has not been combusted, as gases burn at a much lower temperature in the presence of platinum.
Using an air-tight stove initially requires leaving the damper and air vents open until a bed of coals has been formed.
It also provides for regulation of the intensity of fire by limiting air flow, and for the fire to create a strong draught or draw up the chimney.
Since 2015, the Phase III EPA Woodstove Regulations in the United States require that all wood stoves being manufactured limit particulate emission to 4.5 grams per hour for stoves with after burners or 2.5 grams per hour for stoves with catalytic converters.
The burn temperature in modern stoves can increase to the point where secondary and complete combustion of the fuel takes place.
A properly fired masonry heater has little or no particulate pollution in the exhaust and does not contribute to the buildup of creosote in the heater flues or the chimney.
This is largely achieved through causing the maximum amount of material to combust, which results in a net efficiency of 60 to 70%, as contrasted to less than 30% for an open fireplace.
Net efficiency is defined as the amount of heat energy transferred to the room compared to the amount contained in the wood, minus any amount central heating must work to compensate for airflow problems.
Cook stoves in common use around the world, particularly in Third World countries, are considered fire hazards and worse: according to the World Health Organization, a million and a half people die each year from indoor smoke inhalation caused by faulty stoves.
Other engineering societies (see Envirofit International, Colorado, US) and philanthropic groups (see the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, California) continue to research and promote improved cook stove designs.
A focus on research and development on improved heating stoves is ongoing and was on display at the 2013 Wood Stove Decathlon in Washington, D.C.
He is a two-time winner of the Tour de France and known for ending the reign of five-time Tour champion Eddy Merckx, though both feats are tarnished by Thévenet's later admission of steroids use during his career.
Thévenet was born to a farming family in Saône-et-Loire in Burgundy and lived in a hamlet called Le Guidon (The Handlebar).
It was there in 1961 that he saw the Tour de France for the first time, on a 123 km stage from Nevers to Lyon.
His first adult bike, not a racing machine but a sporty cross between a racer and a touring bike, came as a present for passing school examinations at 14.
His parents needed him on the farm too much to be keen on his racing, but they knew their son's ambitions.
Thévenet had left to train with a friend, Michel Rameau, and his mother got a message to him at Rameau's house.
Thévenet won a mountain stage ending at the ski resort of La Mongie, most of the way up the Tourmalet in the Pyrenees.
As he began to regain his memory, he looked down at his own Peugeot jersey and wondered whether he might be a cyclist.
In the 1973 Tour, he finished second, behind Luis Ocaña, but in 1974 he was forced to abandon the Tour on Stage 11 due to illness.
Merckx, who was suffering back pain from a punch by a spectator, fought back but lost the lead and never regained it.
Thévenet - who had taken the climb on the larger chainring - went on to win the Tour, which that year finished on the Champs-Élysées for the first time.
Several months later Thévenet lined up for the 1978 Tour de France but had to abandon the second mountain stage in an ambulance.
He left the Peugeot cycling team after 1979 and signed for the Spanish team Teka, where he won two races and a six days race with the Australian rider Danny Clark.
He returned to a French team in his final year, 1981, where he won a stage in the Circuit de la Sarthe.
When a journalist at the radio station France Inter wondered aloud if Thévenet's repeated poor performances might be due to doping, Thévenet and his team-mates refused to talk to the station.
Thévenet became directeur sportif in 1984 of the La Redoute team of Stephen Roche, then of RMO in 1986 and 1987.
He was asked whether it was hard being a racing cyclist; his reply was that being a French farmer was harder.
Thévenet became race director of the Critérium du Dauphiné in 2010 after the organisation of the race was taken over by the Amaury Sport Organisation.
From its inception, the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country, due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia.
The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of seven councillors, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws.
As throughout the Andean states, the people of Táchira are characterized as hardworking, cordial, conservative, and devoted to their historical, religious, and folkloric traditions.
Other important industrial sectors which have helped fuel the economic engines of the region include meat production (cattle), manufacturing industries like shoe, basket, and ceramics production.
A fact that perhaps is not widely known is that it was in Táchira State, and not in Zulia State, that the first oil wells were excavated in 1875(located in the Petrolea sector close to Rubio)-- a procedure done in those days by hand and with buckets.
There are many branches of national banks located in the city, and it is the headquarters of an important financial institutions Sofitasa (bank of private investment).
This bank is an important economic engine of the local economy because they help to finance many project in the region.
In the dairy industry, Leche Táchira is one of the most consolidated industries in the country; this company is based in San Cristobal.
The wedding cake and modernist architectural styles are particularly evident in the façades of the Universidad Nacional Abierta and La Casa Antigua, a Spanish style building with various ornaments and sculptures.
Among the most notable churches are La Iglesia El Angel, the Gothic styled church San José, and the El Santuario Church.
Airport Juan Vicente Gómez of San Antonio, Airport Mayor Buenaventura Vivas of Santo Domingo del Táchira and International Airport of La Fria.
There is a bus terminal located just below the La Concordia neighborhood of San Cristóbal where buses, taxis, and other vehicles arrive and depart daily.
One of the most celebrated festivities which attracts visitors from all over is the Feria Internacional de San Sebastián held annually at Pueblo Nuevo next to Táchira state football club's grounds.
This fair, which occurs at the end of January, combines bullfighting festivities with a myriad of sport activities such as the Vuelta al Táchira, a bicycle race, artistic festivals, agricultural fairs, and many other spectacles.
Places to visit in and around San Cristóbal include all the squares and parks around the city, the enchanting colonial town of San Pedro del Río and Peribeca.
Other interesting towns are Palmira and Abejales, above the town of Tariba, famous for their sugar cane baskets, and the town of El Topón, a typical agricultural town.
A leafy square home to music shops, imported clothing retailers, Mini malls, nightclubs, eateries, ice-cream parlours, pool halls, Internet cafés, and small music venues, Plaza de los Mangos has become a busy hub for youth life.
On a small offshoot road on the Plaza's north-eastern corner, a small Virgin Mary figure is housed under a protruding old tree branch, a branch once used for public hangings; the date of the last hanging varies with who you ask.
It is the highest point in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire and the historic West Riding of Yorkshire with the summit lying on the county border with Cumbria.
There is a right of way footpath running from the east at Ribblehead that heads north via Smithy Hill and Grain Ings before turning west to Knoutberry Haw and then south to Whernside itself.
From the summit the right of way heads initially south, then steeply southeast down a stepped path to the area known as Bruntscar.
If climbed as part of the Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge (which is normally done anti-clockwise) Whernside will be climbed following the route up from Ribblehead to descend to Bruntscar.
A path heads directly west from the triangulation pillar to reach the road that is Deepdale Lane near White Shaw Moss.
An alternative route heads directly north across Knoutberry Haw to pass Whernside Tarns and reaches the Craven Way at Boot of the Wold.
Following the southern descent for , instead of turning steeply southeast towards Bruntscar a path continues south running adjacent the wall passing Combe Scar and West Fell to reach the limestone pavements at Ewe's Top.
Finally, south of the triangulation pillar an old route (partly fenced off) descends (initially very steeply) for to reach a road southwest of Winterscales Farm, this is the old route of the Three Peaks Challenge.
Walkers should select this route with care as it is no longer maintained, boggy, badly eroded and requires extreme care over the steep ascent/descent.
A walk solely around Whernside starting at the junction of the Blea Moor and Gauber roads near the Station Inn at Ribblehead, to the top of Whernside and back via the bridleway from Bruntscar via the farms at Broadrake, Ivescar, Winterscales and Gunnerfleet (or the footpath from Blea Moor Sidings) is a distance of roughly .
On a clear day the views from the summit to the west can be spectacular, with views of the Lake District and Morecambe Bay, including (with the aid of binoculars) Blackpool Tower, some away.
Superjoint, formerly known as Superjoint Ritual, was an American heavy metal band formed by Phil Anselmo, Joe Fazzio, and Jimmy Bower in the early 1990s, later to be joined by Hank Williams III, and Kevin Bond.
They were founded by Anselmo parallel to his membership in Pantera, but became a full-time endeavor a few years later after Pantera's dissolution.
Despite their early 1990s establishment, it was not until a decade later, after the folding of Pantera, that the group recorded any albums.
A dispute between Anselmo and Fazzio led to the band's eventual split in late 2004, which was confirmed by both Hank Williams III and Jimmy Bower.
Hank Williams III was initially supposed to take part in this first reunion show, but had to bow out due to personal issues.
In an interview in June 2019, Anselmo mentioned that he was no longer interested in playing with Superjoint, once again ending the band.
It is one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks (the other two being Whernside and Pen-y-ghent), and is frequently climbed as part of the Three Peaks walk.
On a small relatively flat area just below the top of Ingleborough the remains of an old walled enclosure have been discovered, containing the foundations of Iron Age huts.
Ingleborough is in the south-western corner of the Yorkshire Dales, at the highest point of a triangle of land with corners at Ingleton, Ribblehead and Settle.
The hill is connected to its nearest higher neighbour, Whernside, by a low col or mountain pass at Ribblehead at approximately .
Ingleborough throws out a ridge to the north-east which develops into a summit, Simon Fell, and another summit further down, Park Fell.
An ill-defined ridge going south-east from the summit breaks into two large areas of limestone plateau at about ; both plateaux contain summits and these are the subsidiary summits of Norber and Moughton.
On the other side of the divide the low summit of Smearsett Scar rises along with its subsidiaries, Pot Scar and Giggleswick Scar; from here the land falls away to the River Ribble at Settle.
The plateau is bounded by Raven Scar, the longest unbroken cliff in the district, and on top of it is the pothole of Meregill Hole.
On the southern side (west of the Clapham path) is a similar plateau, containing potholes such as Fluted Hole and Pillar Hole.
The plateau to the north of Norber, an area known as The Allotment, is particularly rich in potholes; one of these, Long Kin East, can be followed without specialist caving equipment for .
The Smearsett Scar region contains the Celtic Wall, the Ebbing and Flowing Well (which has now stopped ebbing and flowing) and a glacial hollow known as the Happy Valley.
The route follows a walled lane, Fell Lane, before emerging onto a flat area, Crina Bottom, scattered with potholes including the considerable Quaking Pot.
The hill may also be climbed from Horton in Ribblesdale to the east, following a route crossing extensive areas of limestone pavement in the region of Sulber Nick.
This is the route of descent of the Three Peaks Walk and has been heavily improved by the National Trust, having changed in just thirty years from no path at all to a serious example of footpath erosion.
There is also a route from Clapham that follows the Ingleborough Estate nature trail, before passing the Craven Fault, the showcave of Ingleborough Cave, the ravine of Trow Gill and the pothole of Gaping Gill.
It then crosses a marshy area and climbs up to the shoulder of Little Ingleborough before following the ridge to the summit.
The return to Clapham can be varied by taking the Horton-in-Ribblesdale path for before striking south through more limestone pavement to the small top of Norber; a descent past the famed Norber erratics (Norber Boulders) finishes a walk of that Wainwright considered the finest walk in the Yorkshire Dales.
An alternative route from the south-west side of the triangle starts at Newby Cote, roughly a mile northwest of Clapham on the minor road heading towards Ingleton.
There is a northern route from the Hill Inn at Chapel-le-Dale, the route of ascent used by the Three Peaks Walk and the shortest way up the mountain, being just from village to summit.
An interesting walk across a limestone plateau with many caves, including Great Douk Cave and Meregill Hole, is followed by a steep and tedious climb to the shoulder of the subsidiary summit of Simon Fell at , a mile to the north-east of the summit.
Finally there are unwaymarked routes heading NE across Simon Fell and Souther Scales Fell both of which reach a steep descent just beyond the triangulation pillar on Park Fell to reach the Right of Way at New Close.
The summit is a broad plateau half a mile in circumference, slightly convex, higher to the north-west than to the south-east, and carpeted with dry turf.
Just to the north is a well-built windshelter (cross-shaped to provide shelter whichever way the wind is blowing) with a view indicator or toposcope built into its centre.
At the point where the Ingleton path reaches the summit rim is an even larger cairn; this, remarkably, is the remains of a battlemented round tower (a hospice), built in 1830.
The celebrations on the day of its opening ceremony became so alcoholic, however, that parts of it were thrown down there and then, the rest being destroyed later.
Along the northern and eastern edges of the plateau are the tumbled remains of a wall, once believed to have been a Roman military camp but now known to be an Iron Age hill fort.
The hill fort, which covers and of which the defensive wall can still be seen although much robbed for stone, contains the remains of several hut circles.
It is now thought that this was in fact Celtic, built by the Brigantes, the largest amalgamation of tribes in Iron Age Britain.
It may be that this was a base for Venutius after his 'divorce' from Cartimandua, the Brigantes Queen who was a supporter of the Roman invaders, unlike Venutius who led several rebellions.
What we do know is that this fort was used all year, which was unusual for such a location, but at the time of the Romans the climate was much milder, the Romans for example cultivating grapes in Newcastle.
The striking appearance of Ingleborough from all directions and from a great distance is due to the unusual geology of the underlying rock.
The base of the mountain is composed of ancient Silurian and Ordovician rocks which are exposed in the valley bottoms to the north of Ingleton.
Due to the limestone's permeability, all the streams flowing down from the mountain are engulfed upon reaching it, falling into a number of potholes.
Above lies the layered Yoredale Series of sedimentary rocks, predominantly shale and sandstone, and generally concealed by the peat but revealed in the escarpments about up.
There are also layers of harder limestone sandwiched between the softer rocks which have been eroded faster, and which protect the layers beneath them, leading to the 'tiered' effect.
Important mountain peaks visible from Ingleborough are listed here, clockwise from north, with their distance in miles and bearing in degrees.
Thus it might mean simply 'Head of the Winds', though this is quite unlike any other hill name in the Brythonic languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton).
The summit acts as a watershed with water flowing east into the River Skirfare and on through to the Humber Estuary, and water flowing west dropping into the River Ribble, to ultimately flow into the Irish Sea.
The distinctive rakes that adorn the hillside (particularly on the western edge of Pen-y-Ghent) were revealed during a great storm in July 1881.
Hull Pot Beck rises on the western side of Plover Hill and flows into Hull Pot, which is the largest natural hole in England.
The water then flows under Horton Moor before re-appearing just east of Horton in Ribblesdale as Brants Ghyll Beck, where it flows into the River Ribble.
This is said to have first been noted when a sheep wash was undertaken in one stream thereby making it muddy, and oaks being dropped into the other stream and both having exited into the Ribble without mixing together.
The Pennine Way links the summit to the village; the route is around in length as the Way curves initially to the north before turning east to reach the summit.
The more direct route that traverses the southern 'nose' of the hill is the route usually taken by those attempting the Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge, as the walk is usually (but not exclusively) done in an anti-clockwise direction starting and finishing in Horton in Ribblesdale.
The other main hillwalking route on the hill heads north from the summit to reach Plover Hill before descending to join Foxup Road, a bridleway at the head of Littondale.
The alto saxophone, also referred to as the alto sax, is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments invented by Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in the 1840s, and patented in 1846.
The alto sax is the most common saxophone and is commonly used in concert bands, chamber music, solo repertoire, military bands, marching bands, and jazz (such as big bands, jazz combos, swing music).
Influential jazz musicians who made significant contributions include Don Redman, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Benny Carter, Charlie Parker, Sonny Stitt, Lee Konitz, Jackie McLean, Phil Woods, Art Pepper, Paul Desmond, and Cannonball Adderley.
Although the role of the alto saxophone in classical music has been limited, influential performers include Marcel Mule, Sigurd Raschèr, Jean-Marie Londeix, Eugene Rousseau, and Frederick L. Hemke.
The range of the alto saxophone is from concert D (the D below F—see Scientific pitch notation) to concert A (or A on altos with a high F key).
The saxophone's altissimo register is more difficult to control than that of other woodwinds and is usually only expected from advanced players.
Some of the most prominent jazz alto saxophonists Charlie Parker, Cannonball Adderley, Kenny Garrett, Paul Desmond, Benny Carter, Eric Dolphy, Ornette Coleman, Bobby Watson, Marshall Allen, Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake, Anthony Braxton, Henry Threadgill, Carlos Ward, David Sanborn, Tom Scott, Paquito D'Rivera, John Zorn, Tim Berne, Steve Wilson, Steve Coleman, Greg Osby, Kenny Garrett, Vincent Herring, and Mark Gross and Jeff Coffin.
Other prominent classical alto saxophonists include Timothy McAllister, Jean-Yves Fourmeau, Lawrence Gwozdz, Donald Sinta, Harvey Pittel, Larry Teal, Kenneth Tse, Arno Bornkamp, Harry White, Otis Murphy, Claude Delangle.
New alto saxophones range in price between €250 ($281.05) for lower quality student models to over €6000 ($6745.20) for professional models.
It would be Jones's most distinguished screen portrayal in which, under the direction of James Whale, he displayed fine dramatic acting ability, as well as his obvious singing talent.
Jones died of lung cancer at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City in June 1992, at the age of 84.
A repeating rifle, or repeater for short, is a single-barrel rifle capable of repeated discharges following a single ammunition reload, typically by having multiple cartridges stored in a magazine (within or attached to the gun) and then fed into the chamber by the bolt via either a manual or automatic mechanism, while the act of chambering the rifle typically also recocks the action for the following shot.
Repeating rifles were a significant advance over the preceding single-shot breechloading rifles when used for military combat, as they allowed a much greater rate of fire.
Repeating rifles saw use in the American Civil War during the early 1860s, and the first repeating air rifle to see military service was the Windbüchse Rifle.
Even though the revolver mechanism was fine for pistols, it posed a problem with long guns: without special sealing details, the cylinder produces a gas discharge close to the face when the weapon is fired from the shoulder, as was a common approach with rifles.
Although most falling-blocks were single-shot actions, some early repeaters used this design, notably the Norwegian Krag–Petersson and the U. S. Spencer rifle.
In a classic lever-action firearm of the Henry-Winchester type, rounds are individually loaded into a tubular magazine parallel to and below the barrel.
Later lever-action designs, such as Marlin leverguns and those designed for Winchester by John Browning, use one or two vertical locking blocks instead of a toggle-link.
This weapon had a swinging lever beneath its barrel that was actuated by a gas bleed in the barrel, unlocking the breech to reload.
With a pump-action firearm, the action is operated by a movable fore-end that the shooter moves backwards and forwards to eject a spent round, and extract and chamber a fresh round of ammunition.
This style of rifle is still popular with some local law enforcement branches as a rifle that is easy to train officers who are already familiar with the pump shotgun.
The bolt is a mechanism that is operated by hand to extract a fired cartridge, move a fresh round into the chamber and reset the firing pin, readying the weapon to fire again.
A spring at the bottom of the magazine pushes up the reserve rounds, positioning the topmost between the bolt and the chamber at the base of the barrel.
Pushing the bolt lever forward chambers this round and pushing the lever into the notch locks the bolt and enables the trigger mechanism.
The Mauser rifle of the late 19th and early 20th centuries is the most famous of the bolt action types, with most similar weapons derived from this pioneering design, such as the M1903 Springfield and the Karabiner 98 Kurz rifle (abbreviated often as Kar98k or simply K98).
In many small arms, the round is fired while the bolt is still travelling forward, and the bolt does not open until this forward momentum is overcome.
Other methods involve delaying the opening until two rollers have been forced back into recesses in the receiver in which the bolt is carried.
Simple blowback action is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, but is limited in the power it can handle, so it is seen on small caliber weapons such as machine pistols and submachine guns.
Lever-delayed blowback, as seen in for example the French FAMAS assault rifle, can also handle more powerful cartridges but is more complicated and expensive to manufacture.
In long-recoil actions, such as the Browning Auto-5 shotgun, the barrel and breechblock remain locked for the full recoil travel, and separate on the return; in short-recoil actions, typical of most semiautomatic handguns (e.g.
In a gas-operated mechanism, a portion of the gases propelling the bullet from the barrel are extracted and used to operate a piston.
The motion of this piston in turn unlocks and operates the bolt, which performs extraction of the spent cartridge and via spring action readies the next round.
Irene Hervey (born Beulah Irene Herwick; July 11, 1909December 20, 1998) was an American film, stage, and television actress who appeared in over fifty films and numerous television series spanning her five-decade career.
A native of Los Angeles, Hervey was trained in her youth by British stage and film actress Emma Dunn, a friend of her mother.
Hervey died on December 20, 1998 at the age of 89 from heart failure at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles.
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Hervey has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6336 Hollywood Boulevard.
The Little Tennessee River is a tributary of the Tennessee River that flows through the Blue Ridge Mountains of Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee, in the southeastern United States.
It drains portions of three national forests— Chattahoochee, Nantahala, and Cherokee— and provides the southwestern boundary of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
The river flows through five major impoundments: Fontana Dam, Cheoah Dam, Calderwood Dam, Chilhowee Dam, and Tellico Dam, and one smaller impoundment, Porters Bend Dam.
After flowing north through the mountains past Dillard into southwestern North Carolina, it is joined by the Cullasaja River at Franklin.
The lower river is impounded several places by sequential dams, some created as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) system; they form a string of reservoirs in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee down to the river's confluence with the Tennessee.
Near the state line between North Carolina and Tennessee, the Little Tennessee River is impounded by the Fontana Dam, completed in 1944, forming Fontana Lake along the southern boundary of Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Some water is also diverted from the nearby Santeetlah Dam on the Cheoah River to power another hydroelectric generator at the Santeetlah Powerhouse.
Chilhowee, Calderwood, and Cheoah Dams and the Santeetlah Powerhouse were originally built by Alcoa to power the aluminum plant at Alcoa, Tennessee.
To ensure efficiency in operation, Alcoa coordinates the operation of its hydro system with TVA, making sure that reservoir and river water levels are safe for recreational use (primarily boating and fishing) and that proper flows of water continue down the river.
The dam does not have its own hydroelectric generators but serves to increase the flow through those at nearby Fort Loudoun Dam on the Tennessee by means of a canal which diverts much of the flow of the Little Tennessee.
The plan to build the dam was the subject of environmental controversy during the 1970s regarding the snail darter, an endangered species.
The Little Tennessee River and its immediate watershed comprise one of the richest archaeological areas in the southeastern United States, containing substantial habitation sites dating back to as early as 7,500 B.C.
sites along the river include the Icehouse Bottom and the Rose Island sites, both located near the river's confluence with the Tellico River.
These sites were probably semi-permanent base camps, the inhabitants of which may have sought the chert deposits on the bluffs above the river which they used to create tools.
- 1000 A.D.) habitation has been uncovered at numerous sites along the Little Tennessee, most notably at Icehouse Bottom, Rose Island, Calloway Island (near the river's confluence with Toqua Creek), Thirty Acre Island (near the river's confluence with Nine Mile Creek) and Bacon Bend (between Toqua and Citico Beach).
Pottery fragments uncovered at Icehouse Bottom in the 1970s show evidence of interaction with the Hopewell people of what is now Ohio.
Mississippian period (c. 1000-1500 A.D.) sites in the Little Tennessee Valley include the Toqua site (at the river's confluence with Toqua Creek), Tomotley (adjacent to Toqua), Citico (at the river's Citico Creek confluence), and Bussell Island (at the mouth of the river).
The river was also home to most of the major Overhill Cherokee towns, the most prominent of which included Chota, Tanasi, Toqua, Tomotley, Mialoquo (near Rose Island), Chilhowee (at the river's Abrams Creek confluence), Tallassee (near modern Calderwood), Citico, and Tuskegee (adjacent to Fort Loudoun).
Euro-American traders were visiting the Overhill towns along the Little Tennessee by the late 17th century, and there is some evidence that Hernando De Soto and Juan Pardo passed through the Little Tennessee Valley in 1540 and 1567, respectively.
Two early American sites are located along the Little Tennessee— the Tellico Blockhouse, an outpost at the river's Nine Mile Creek confluence, and Morganton, a river port and ferry town near modern Greenback that thrived in the early 19th century.
The Hazel Creek section of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, located on the north shore of the river's Fontana Lake impoundment, was home to a substantial Appalachian community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
It offers bachelor's degrees in 60 areas of study, 45 master's degrees, 3 doctoral degrees, 12 certificates of advanced study, and 2 different teaching credentials.
The university's unique facilities include an on-campus planetarium, on-campus raisin and wine grape vineyards, and a commercial winery, where student-made wines have won over 300 awards since 1997.
Members of Fresno State's nationally ranked Top 10 Equestrian Team have the option of housing their horses on campus, next to indoor and outdoor arenas.
The university is classified as a doctoral university with moderate research activity in the Carnegie Classification, as of the February 1, 2016 update.
California State University Fresno was founded as the Fresno State Normal School in 1911 with Charles Lourie McLane as its first president.
In 1956, Fresno State moved its campus to its present location in the northeast part of the city and FCC bought the old campus and moved back in.
The Henry Madden Library is a main resource for recorded knowledge and information supporting the teaching, research, and service functions of Fresno State.
Because of its size and depth, it is an important community and regional resource and a key part of the institution's role as a regional university.
It is currently the third largest library in the CSU system (in terms of square footage), and among the top ten largest in the CSU system based on the number of volumes.
Student, faculty and staff have access to over 200 wireless laptops, a media production lab for editing digital video and audio, and an instruction and collaboration center (Studio 2) for teaching information literacy skills.
The Henry Madden Library features a number of special collections such as the Arne Nixon Center, a research center for the study of children's and young adult literature, and the Central Valley Political Archive.
At the graduate level, Fresno State also offers the following nationally ranked programs: part-time MBA, Physical Therapy, Nursing, Speech-Language Pathology, and Social Work.
A joint doctoral program in collaboration with San Jose State University for a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree is administered through Fresno State University.
California State University, Fresno is accredited by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
The university is classified by the U.S. Federal government as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institution (AANAPISI) and an Hispanic-serving institution (HSI) because the Hispanic undergraduate full-time-equivalent student enrollment is greater than 25%.
The Smittcamp Family Honors College is a program providing top high school graduates a fully paid President's Scholarship, which includes tuition and housing, as well as other amenities for the duration of their studies.
Admission to the Smittcamp Family Honors College is highly competitive and candidates must exceed one or more of the following: have a minimum 3.8 GPA, rank in the top 10% of their high school graduating class, have a combined SAT score of 1200 or an average ACT English and Mathematics score of 27.
Smittcamp Honors College students receive priority registration for all courses, regular interaction with the university president, and special honors recognition at commencement.
The Student Involvement Center provides services, programs and co-curricular educational activities that give student the opportunity to develop skills and expand their knowledge.
Their core purpose is to promote engagement and cultivate student growth through support and teamwork, service, growth and learning, leadership and inclusion.
Through ASI, students participate in the governance of the university through fostering awareness of student opinions on campus issues and assisting in the protection of student rights.
There are four executives who include a President, Vice President, Vice President of Finance, and a Vice President of External Affairs, ten at-large senators and eight college senators.
The Instructionally Related Activity (IRA) fund provides funding for activities and laboratory experiences that are partially sponsored by an academic program, discipline, or department.
The center has four full-size basketball courts, a dance studio, a 1/8 mile (200 m) indoor running track, locker rooms, 2 racquetball courts, aerobic equipment, and weight-lifting machines.
Fresno State's classrooms, library, computer lab, student activities, athletic facilities, theater, Save Mart Center, Student Recreation Center and health center are all within walking distance of the residence halls.
It is both a print and online publication that features current events at Fresno State, Alumni Association events and alumni achievements.
It operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and plays jazz, blues and a wide range of specialty shows.
Founded in 1948, only one year after the signing of the National Defense Act of 1947 which established the U.S. Air Force as a separate branch of the military, Detachment 35 has won numerous awards.
A number of notable Fresno State alumni have served in state and federal positions, become major athletes, or found their mark in business and media, including Joy Covey, the original CFO of Amazon.com.
The Orthodox Christian Mission Center (OCMC) is an Orthodox Christian missions organization based in the United States and supported by all the jurisdictions of the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America.
Ernest Howard Armstrong, (July 27, 1864 – February 15, 1946) was a Canadian politician and journalist who served as the ninth Premier of Nova Scotia from 1923 to 1925.
In 1892, he moved to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia where he held the office of vice and deputy United States Consul from 1894 to 1906.
He was elected to the town council in 1900 and was the mayor of Yarmouth from 1904 to 1906 when he won a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
He joined the cabinet of Liberal Premier George H. Murray in 1911 serving as minister of public works and then as minister of mines.
Armstrong was unable to overcome the effects of a serious economic downturn in the region, underestimated the strength of the Maritime Rights Movement and the feelings of alienation among Nova Scotians and also mishandled labour unrest in Cape Breton all of which led to the defeat of his government in the 1925 election.
She joined the Scouting Fleet as flagship for Commander, Light Cruiser Divisions, and on 6 March 1931, embarked the Secretary of the Navy for the Canal Zone where he observed the annual fleet problem from .
Departing San Pedro on 9 April 1934 as flagship of Commander, Special Service Squadron, she arrived in New York on 31 May for that day's Presidential Naval Review, returning to San Pedro on 9 November.
Home-ported at Pearl Harbor from 3 February, the cruiser exercised in Hawaiian waters, and made one voyage to the West Coast with Commander, Scouting Force embarked (14 May 1941 – 18 June 1941).
On 12 December, her planes bombed a submarine, then guided to a depth charge attack which continued until contact was lost.
She steamed to Sydney, Australia on 29 October for further repairs and on Christmas Day, departed for Norfolk and a complete overhaul.
She joined TF 94 at Adak Island, Alaska on 27 May for the bombardments of Matsuwa and Paramushiru in the Kuriles on 13 June and 26 June, then sailed to Pearl Harbor, arriving on 13 August.
She cruised off Saipan and participated in the bombardment of Marcus Island on 9 October, before joining TG 38.1 for the carrier strikes on Luzon and Samar in support of the Leyte operations, as well as searching for enemy forces after the Battle for Leyte Gulf (25–26 October).
In August, she made a voyage to the Aleutians, and on the last day of the month sailed to participate in the occupation landings at Ominato, Aomori, Hakodate, and Otaru in September and October.
She made another voyage to Guam to bring home servicemen (24 November – 17 December), then steamed on 14 January 1946 for Philadelphia, arriving on 30 January.
He is best known for making what is generally considered the first widely reported modern unidentified flying object sighting in the United States, after claiming to have seen nine unusual objects flying in tandem near Mount Rainier, Washington on June 24, 1947.
Arnold began Great Western Fire Control Supply in Boise, Idaho in 1940, a company that sold and installed fire suppression systems, a job that took him around the Pacific Northwest.
Arnold was regarded as a skilled and experienced pilot, with over 9,000 total flying hours, almost half of which were devoted to Search and Rescue Mercy Flyer efforts.
After his UFO sighting, Arnold became a minor celebrity, and for about a decade thereafter, he was somewhat involved in interviewing other UFO witnesses or contactees.
His daughter Kim would however explain later that this merely implied his belief in questioning dogma and his support for independent decision making.
In her view his belief in a divine creator caused him to defend the authenticity of his sighting of June 24, 1947, until his death.
The actual CallAir A-2 airplane which Kenneth Arnold was piloting when he made his famous UFO sighting back in 1947 still exists.
Stanley Anthony Coveleski (born Stanislaus Kowalewski, July 13, 1889 – March 20, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for four American League (AL) teams between and , primarily the Cleveland Indians.
The star of the Indians pitching staff, he won over 20 games each year from the epidemic-shortened 1918 season through 1921, leading the AL in shutouts twice and in strikeouts and earned run average (ERA) once each during his nine years with the club.
The star of the 1920 World Series, he led the Indians to their first championship with three complete-game victories, including a 3–0 shutout in the Game 7 finale.
Traded to the Washington Senators after the 1924 season, he helped that club to its second AL pennant in a row with 20 victories against only 5 losses, including a 13-game winning streak, while again leading the league in ERA.
But after making his debut with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1912, he was sidetracked by three more seasons in the minor leagues before joining the Indians in 1916, and won only thirteen major league games before turning 27.
It was legal when his career began but prohibited in 1920, with Coveleski being one of 17 pitchers permitted to continue throwing the pitch.
In 450 career games, Coveleski pitched 3,082 innings and posted a record of 215–142, with 224 complete games, 38 shutouts, and a 2.89 ERA.
He set Cleveland records of 172 wins, 2,502⅓ innings and 305 starts, which were later broken by Mel Harder and Willis Hudlin.
Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s.
They settled in Shamokin, where Anthony worked as a coal miner, in Northumberland County, east of the Susquehanna River and northeast of the state capital of Harrisburg.
In addition to his older brother, Harry (1886–1950), who pitched in the major leagues between 1907 and 1918, their other brothers Frank and John also played professional baseball, but only in the minor leagues.
Nevertheless, he worked on his pitching skills during the evenings, when he threw stones at a tin can placed 50 feet away.
When he was 18 years old, Coveleski's abilities caught the attention of the local semi-professional ball club, which invited him to pitch for them.
Coveleski signed his first professional contract in 1909 with the minor league Lancaster Red Roses, a club affiliated with the Tri-State League.
Originally reluctant to sign for the club, he only agreed to do so if his older brother John also joined; at that time he anglicized his name, changing it to Coveleskie, which it would remain throughout his professional career.
In 272 innings of work his first season, Coveleski had a 23–11 win-loss record with an earned run average of 1.95.
In 1912, he pitched for the relocated Lancaster team, the Atlantic City Lanks, where he had a 20–14 record with a 2.53 ERA in 40 appearances, 30 of them starts.
In September 1912, manager Connie Mack signed him to a contract with the Philadelphia Athletics and brought him to the major leagues.
By the time Coveleski made his debut for the Athletics on September 10, pitching one inning in relief in an 8–6 road loss to the Detroit Tigers, the two-time defending World Series champions were more than a dozen games out of first place – the only year between 1910 and 1914 they failed to win the pennant.
Coveleski won his first game two days later in his first start, a 3–0 three-hit shutout of the Tigers, allowing only two singles and a double by Ty Cobb.
He pitched in five games for the Athletics that season, starting two of them and finishing the season with a 2–1 record and a 3.43 ERA.
After the season ended, Mack felt that Coveleski needed more seasoning, and sent him to the Spokane Indians of the Northwestern League.
Around that time, he married Mary Stivetts, and the following season he went 20–15, pitched over 300 innings, and led the league in strikeouts.
At the time of his debut, the powerhouse Philadelphia club boasted a strong group of talented pitchers, including Eddie Plank, Chief Bender, and Jack Coombs.
After the 1914 season, the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League wanted Coveleski, and traded five players to Spokane to acquire him.
While Mack had an agreement with Spokane that Coveleski would be promoted after playing there for a time, the Athletics fell under new ownership in 1913 and lost control of him due to the Athletics' rights expiring.
Due to an injury to Ed Klepfer, the Indians used him as a starter early on in the 1916 season, and kept him in the role when he performed well.
He was scheduled to pitch in the first week of the season against his brother Harry, but the matchup never took place at Harry's behest.
On May 30, Coveleski hit the only home run of his career in the first game of a road doubleheader against the St. Louis Browns; the three-run shot in the tenth inning gave Cleveland a 4–1 lead, but the Browns came back to win 5–4 in 15 innings.
Coveleski fought health problems during the season, suffering from tonsillitis in the middle of the year and pitching one game with a fever of .
Coveleski had lost 10 pounds due to illness during 1916, but recovered during the offseason, gained 20 pounds, and appeared healthier by the time the season began.
Coveleski's status as the ace of the staff was demonstrated when he was named the starter for Opening Day of the 1917 season; he beat the Detroit Tigers 6–4 on April 11.
He improved statistically during the 1917 season, winning 19 games and losing 14 with an ERA of 1.81 and a career-high 133 strikeouts.
On September 19, Coveleski pitched the only one-hitter of his career, a 2–0 road win over the New York Yankees; the only hit came from Fritz Maisel in the seventh inning.
Coveleski continued to improve during the 1918 season, which was ended on September 1 due to the late-summer surge of the Spanish flu pandemic.
His outings that year included 2–1 13-inning road loss to Philadelphia on May 15, in which he had a career-high ten strikeouts, and a 19-inning complete game on May 24 in New York as the Indians won 3–2.
He finished the season with a 22–13 record, a 1.82 ERA, and 311 innings pitched in 38 games, 33 of them starts; his wins and ERA were both second in the American League to Walter Johnson.
He won his first seven starting appearances of the season, but on May 28 his wife died suddenly, and he was given some time off to mourn, returning to pitching two weeks later.
Covaleski was the starting pitcher against the Yankees on August 16, and hit a sacrifice fly to help the Indians win 4–3, but it is best remembered as the game in which a pitch by the Yankees' Carl Mays hit Indians shortstop Ray Chapman in the head, resulting in the only death in major league history.
Covaleski finished the 1920 regular season with 24 wins, 14 losses, a 2.49 ERA, and 133 strikeouts; he led the AL in strikeouts and finished second in ERA to Bob Shawkey.
In Game 7, the final one of the best-of-nine series, Coveleski threw a complete game shutout with five hits against fellow spitballer Burleigh Grimes; the 3–0 victory gave the Indians the first World Series championship in franchise history.
After spending the offseason hunting with Smoky Joe Wood, Coveleski returned to the Indians in 1921, and throughout the season, the Indians battled the Yankees for first in the American League.
On September 26, the two teams faced off, but Coveleski failed to make it past the third inning; the Yankees won 8–7 to ensure they won the pennant.
Coveleski pitched 315 innings in 1921, matching his career high from the year before, and had a 23–13 record and a 3.37 ERA.
While he did cause the Yankees to move out of first place after winning an August 23 game against them, 4–1, it was his last game of the season.
He finished the year with a 17–14 record, the first time since 1917 he did not have 20 wins, and a 3.32 ERA.
Early on in the 1923 season, Coveleski pitched 27 straight scoreless innings between April 22 and 30, starting with a 10-inning 1–0 shutout of the Tigers and ending when he allowed two runs in the ninth inning of a 4–2 road win over the same club.
On June 16 he broke Addie Joss' club record of 160 wins with a 2–1 complete-game win over the Yankees, with the winning run scoring with two out in the bottom of the ninth on second baseman Ernie Johnson's error, with Coveleski batting; he had tied Joss' record two days earlier with a relief win in an 11-inning victory over the Boston Red Sox.
In his last appearance on September 22, he gave up a career-high ten runs in a 10–4 loss to the Yankees, ending the season with a 15–16 record and a 4.04 ERA.
In December 1924, after nine years pitching for Cleveland, Coveleski was traded to the Washington Senators for pitcher By Speece and outfielder Carr Smith.
Due to the acquisition of Coveleski, combined with winning the 1924 World Series, the Washington Senators were considered favorites to win the AL in 1925.
During his first season in Washington, Coveleski bounced back from his 1924 season, and by mid-July, critics regarded his success as the biggest surprise in baseball; Cleveland had considered him to be past his best.
The Senators won the AL and were to face the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1925 World Series, but Coveleski suffered from sore back muscles late in the season.
In Game 2, he faced Vic Aldridge in a pitcher's duel; the teams were tied at one apiece in the eighth inning, but a two-run home run by the Pirates' Kiki Cuyler led to a 3–2 loss.
Aldridge and Coveleski faced off again in Game 5, but Coveleski allowed four runs before being pulled with one out in the seventh inning, leading to a 6–3 Pirates win.
The Senators lost the series in seven games, and he finished with a 3.77 ERA, five walks, three strikeouts, and two of the Senators' four losses.
His performances that season included his 200th win, a 5–3 win in Cleveland on June 10, and a 2–0 victory against the Boston Red Sox on August 31, a game which was finished in only 78 minutes.
To start the 1927 season, due to an injury to Walter Johnson, Coveleski became the Senators' Opening Day starter against the Red Sox; he won the game 6–2.
Coveleski failed to regain his form, however, pitching his last game on August 3, and after the signing of Tom Zachary, manager Miller Huggins released Coveleski.
He became a popular member of the community in South Bend, providing free pitching lessons to local youths in a field behind his garage.
His health declined in later years, and he was eventually admitted to a local nursing home, where he died on March 20, 1984, at the age of 94.
In addition to Coveleski's induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1976.
Coveleski had 215 wins and 142 losses with a 2.89 ERA in 450 games, 385 of them starts, in a 14-year career.
He never considered himself a strikeout pitcher, and it was not unusual for him to pitch a complete game having thrown 95 pitches or less.
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.
When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.
As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, platform/oral presentation or workshop presentation at an academic conference.
Full texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees and therefore the abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic form of the full text.
The abstract can convey the main results and conclusions of a scientific article but the full text article must be consulted for details of the methodology, the full experimental results, and a critical discussion of the interpretations and conclusions.
An abstract allows one to sift through copious numbers of papers for ones in which the researcher can have more confidence that they will be relevant to his or her research.
It is generally agreed that one must not base reference citations on the abstract alone, but the content of an entire paper.
It may also contain brief references, although some publications' standard style omits references from the abstract, reserving them for the article body (which, by definition, treats the same topics but in more depth).
Typical length ranges from 100 to 500 words, but very rarely more than a page and occasionally just a few words.
Abstracts are typically sectioned logically as an overview of what appears in the paper, with any of the following subheadings: Background, Introduction, Objectives, Methods, Results, Conclusions.
It has recently been observed that a significant number of calves become permanently separated from their mothers during chases by tuna vessels.
A study of the hydrodynamics of drafting, initiated inmechanisms causing the separation of mothers and calves during fishing-related activities, is reported here.
First, the so-called Bernoulli suction, which stems from the fact that the local pressure drops in areas of high speed, results in an attractive force between mother and calf.
Second is the displacement effect, in which the motion of the mother causes the water in front to move forwards and radially outwards, and water behind the body to move forwards to replace the animal's mass.
Utilizing these effects, the neonate can gain up to 90% of the thrust needed to move alongside the mother at speeds of up to 2.4 m/s.
A theoretical analysis, backed by observations of free-swimming dolphin schools, indicates that hydrodynamic interactions with mothers play an important role in enabling dolphin calves to keep up with rapidly moving adult school members.
The informative abstract, also known as the complete abstract, is a compendious summary of a paper's substance and its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion.
The descriptive abstract, also known as the limited abstract or the indicative abstract, provides a description of what the paper covers without delving into its substance.
During the late 2000s, due to the influence of computer storage and retrieval systems such as the Internet, some scientific publications, primarily those published by Elsevier, started including graphical abstracts alongside the text abstracts.
It is not intended to be as exhaustive a summary as the text abstract, rather it is supposed to indicate the type, scope, and technical coverage of the article at a glance.
Many scientific publishers currently encourage authors to supplement their articles with graphical abstracts, in the hope that such a convenient visual summary will facilitate readers with a clearer outline of papers that are of interest and will result in improved overall visibility of the respective publication.
However, the validity of this assumption has not been thoroughly studied, and a recent study statistically comparing publications with or without graphical abstracts with regard to several output parameters reflecting visibility failed to demonstrate an effectiveness of graphical abstracts for attracting attention to scientific publications.
Mary Lou Finlay (born 1947) is a Canadian radio and television journalist, best known for hosting various programs on CBC Radio and CBC Television.
For three years she did writing and researching for the Canadian War Museum before her leap to journalism when she began hosting a CBC Ottawa television magazine.
After the program's first year, Frum remained as sole host and Finlay became a documentary reporter, remaining with the program until 1988.
She retired following her last appearance on November 30, 2005, which was a tribute show for Finlay celebrating her years with the CBC.
Returning from New York, she participated in the 1932 fleet problems before commencing gunnery exercises in the San Pedro-San Diego area.
During the winter of 1933, she steamed for Hawaii, returning after exercises to San Pedro where she became a schoolship for anti-aircraft (AA) training.
For the next two years, she operated off the West Coast, participating in the 1936 and 1937 fleet problems, making good will calls at Latin American ports and undergoing local training operations.
There she joined Task Force 17 (TF 17) and steamed from San Diego on 6 January 1942, for Samoa, landing troops there on 22 January.
Her first offensive operation of the war came on her return trip when she took part in carrier plane raids on 1–2 February on the Gilbert and Marshall Islands.
Early in March she joined TF 119, a carrier force, and began operations to stem the Japanese advance down the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomons.
On 31 May, she steamed for the Aleutians to join TF 8 to counter the enemy forces expected to be in the area.
On 11 November, the cruiser departed San Francisco for Pearl Harbor, continuing, after a few days on to the South Pacific, escorting several troop transports as far as New Caledonia.
There, as a unit of TF 16, the cruiser covered the assault and occupation of Attu (11–30 May) and participated In the pre-invasion bombardment of Kiska in July.
Like her sister ships her forward mast was cut down and her aft mainmast was removed and replaced with a lighter tripod just aft of the second funnel.
The 1.1 in AA cannon mounts were removed and replaced with several quad 40 mm Bofors mounts along with numerous 20 mm cannon.
Then the cruiser turned her guns on the airfield and troop concentrations on Roi and Namur on the southern tip of the atoll, contributing to the conquest of those islands by 3 February.
On 25 October 1944, she was in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, participating in the last engagement of a battleline as the Japanese southern force attempted to force its way into Leyte Gulf through Surigao Strait.
Admiral Oldendorf deployed the American battleline across the strait and PT boats and destroyers on either side of the narrow body of water, defeating the Japanese ships as they passed through the strait.
2 main battery 8-inch 55 caliber gun knocking it completely out of commission killing one man with 17 injured/burned including Captain Rex LeGrande Hicks.
Rear Admiral Theodore E. Chandler, commander of Cruiser Division 4 (CruDiv 4) was fatally injured helping the sailors man handle the fire hoses to put out the massive flames during the latter attack, and died of his wounds the following day.
Despite extensive damage, the cruiser shelled the beaches and shot down several enemy planes before withdrawing on 9 January 1945 and proceeding to Mare Island Navy Yard for repairs.
From Darien, where the evacuation of Allied prisoners of war was supervised, she steamed to Tsingtao, where Japanese vessels in that area were surrendered by Vice Admiral Kaneko.
In mid-October, she joined the Yellow Sea force for abbreviated service before proceeding, via San Pedro, to Philadelphia, where she decommissioned on 17 June 1946 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
After sitting for over a decade, it was taken to the Nevada Test Site and converted into a rotating radiation detector, to collect data on nuclear tests.
The Travis Walton UFO incident was an alleged alien abduction of an American forestry worker, Travis Walton, by a UFO on November 5, 1975, while he was working in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests near Snowflake, Arizona.
According to Walton, on November 5, 1975 he was working with a timber stand improvement crew in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest near Snowflake, Arizona.
While riding in a truck with six of his coworkers, they encountered a saucer-shaped object hovering over the ground approximately 110 feet away, making a high-pitched buzz.
Walton claims that after he left the truck and approached the object, a beam of light suddenly appeared from the craft and knocked him unconscious.
He claimed that he fought with them until a human wearing a helmet led Walton to another room, where he blacked out as three other humans put a clear plastic mask over his face.
Walton has claimed he remembers nothing else until he found himself walking along a highway, with the flying saucer departing above him.
One of the best-known entertainers in Las Vegas, Nevada, he is known by the nicknames The Midnight Idol, Mr. Las Vegas and Mr. Entertainment.
When his father was serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II, Newton spent his early years in Roanoke, learning the piano, guitar, and steel guitar at age six.
Because of Newton's severe asthma, his family moved to Phoenix in 1952, where he left North High School just before finishing his junior year.
Many prominent entertainment icons such as Lucille Ball, Bobby Darin, Danny Thomas, George Burns, and Jack Benny lent Newton their support.
After his job with Benny ended, Newton was offered a job to open for another comic at the Flamingo Hotel, but Newton asked for, and was given, a headline act.
From 1980 through 1982, The Beach Boys and The Grass Roots performed Independence Day concerts on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., attracting large crowds.
However, in April 1983, James G. Watt, President Ronald Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, banned Independence Day concerts on the Mall by such groups.
Watt then announced that Newton, a friend and supporter of President Reagan and a contributor to Republican Party political campaigns, would perform at the Mall's 1983 Independence Day celebration.
Newton entered the Independence Day stage on the Mall on July 4, 1983, to mostly cheering members of the audience, but some members booed.
This marked the first and only time in history that a record hit #1 on the Cashbox Top 100 chart, yet failed even to chart on Billboard's Hot 100.
In 1999, Newton signed a 10-year deal with the Stardust, calling for him to perform there 40 weeks out of the year for six shows a week in a showroom named after him.
In 2005, in preparation for the eventual demolition of the casino, the deal was, from all reports, amicably terminated; Newton began a 30-show stint that summer at the Hilton.
During a break in his on stage performance, he announced to the crowd that night he wanted to spend more time with his wife and new daughter as the main reasonings for canceling the contract.
News crews were expecting this performance to end on time, to make their 10 pm and 11 pm shows, but the show finally ended around 11:30 pm, thus eliminating the possibility.
Mr. Las Vegas went on at 7:30 that night, and sang nearly his entire repertoire and songs of other Vegas mainstays as well.
However, in 1993, Newton first told the story on Late Night with Conan O'Brien but disclosed that he actually had slapped Carson, a detail he would leave out of the King interview 14 years later.
A year later he took a 5-year hiatus to spend time with his family and prepare his voice for a future Las Vegas residency.
After performing more than 30,000 shows on the Las Vegas strip, Newton is scheduled to perform a number of shows celebrating his 60th year of performing in Las Vegas.
His Arabian horse breeding program, located at his Casa de Shenandoah ranch, is called Aramus Arabians, and has produced six generations of horses, breeding over 700 foals, with 96 champions .
He bought his first horse when he sold his bicycle and his parents' movie camera to buy a foal when he was a sixth-grader.
He first came to the attention of Arabian breeders in 1969 when he partnered with Tom Chauncey, an Arabian breeder and television station owner, to purchase the stallion *Naborr from the estate of Anne McCormick.
He continues to be directly involved in management of his horses, planning the breeding program for his horses, determining which to keep and which to sell, and even assisting his ranch staff during foaling season.
The asterisk * before the name of an Arabian horse is an AHBA notation, no longer used, that indicates that the horse was foaled outside of the United States and imported to the U.S.
From 1980 to 1982 Newton was part owner of the Aladdin Hotel, in a partnership that led to a number of lawsuits and a failed attempt by Newton to purchase the entire hotel in 1983.
In 1992, Newton filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to reorganize an estimated $20 million in debts, much of which was accumulated while suing NBC for libel; he claimed the network had reported that he partnered with the Mafia to buy the Aladdin.
In August 2005, the IRS filed a lawsuit against Newton alleging that he and his wife owed more than $1.8 million in taxes and penalties.
In late 2009, officials at Oakland County International Airport in Waterford, Michigan, claimed Newton owed the airport more than $60,000 for unpaid parking fees, which they claimed he owed after having abandoned a $2 million Fokker F28 plane there more than three years before.
In a 2009 lawsuit, Newton was accused of failing to pay $32,384 for hay delivered to his Las Vegas ranch, presumably for consumption by his horses at the ranch.
As of February 27, 2010, the lawsuit was still pending in Clark County District Court, with Newton and his attorneys having filed no response in court.
In February 2010, Bruton Smith sued Newton, claiming he was delinquent on a loan he had personally guaranteed, then bought from Bank of America.
Also in February 2010, Clark County sheriff's deputies and a fleet of moving vans were refused entry to Newton's ranch at E. Sunset and S. Pecos roads.
The officers attempted to serve civil papers and seize property as part of a $501,388 judgment against Newton awarded to Monty Ward, his former personal pilot, but security personnel employed by Newton refused to accept the papers.
Ward, who filed suit in 2006, won the judgment for past-due wages in January 2009 and since then had attempted to determine the wages of Newton when he performed at the MGM Grand and later the Tropicana hotel-casino.
In this lawsuit, a developer claimed he purchased Newton's home and paid the singer $19.5 million, with the understanding that Newton would move out and allow the property to be converted into a museum.
The developer claimed that he had invested $50 million on the project, but that Newton had failed to move out and had deliberately thwarted construction efforts, including by sexually harassing construction workers.
On December 17, 2012, U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge Bruce Markell approved the sale of Wayne Newton's estate, Casa de Shenandoah, to be listed for sale by Nathan and Associates, a Las Vegas brokerage firm.
The property remained on the market, until 2015, when Newton reached an accord with Lacy Harber, the businessman who owned 70% of the corporation that had purchased Casa de Shenandoah to turn it into a museum.
Newton and his family moved back into the property, and in September 2015, after construction of a museum to house memorabilia, it was opened for public tours.
The road serving the main terminal of McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas is named Wayne Newton Boulevard in his honor.
Clone High (occasionally referred to in the U.S. as Clone High U.S.A.) is a Canadian–American adult animated sitcom created by Phil Lord, Christopher Miller and Bill Lawrence.
Lord and Miller first developed the series' concept while at Dartmouth College in the 1990s, later pitching it to executives at American network Fox Broadcasting Company, who ultimately decided to pass on the program.
It became embroiled in a controversy regarding its depiction of Gandhi soon afterward, which prompted hundreds in India to mount a hunger strike in response.
The school is entirely populated by the clones of famous historical figures that have been created and raised with the intent of having their various strengths and abilities harnessed by the United States military.
Much of the plot of the show revolves around the attempts of Abe to woo the vain and promiscuous clone of Cleopatra, while being oblivious to the fact that his friend Joan of Arc is attracted to him.
While the clones derive many character qualities from their ancestors, much of the humor in the show comes from the large contrast between the personality of the clones and the actual values and legacy of the historical figures they are descended from.
For instance, Gandhi is portrayed as a hyperactive jerk-with-a-heart-of-gold whose biggest dream is to be accepted by those around him, in contrast to his historical legacy of calm nonviolence.
Other references seen are the flag at The Grassy Knoll being permanently at half mast and the car on the roof of the diner containing the original JFK's body leaning over the edge.
There are pictures of assassinations hanging on the walls of the restaurant, such as the famous of the Lincoln assassination (though this version is in color and considerably more graphic than the original print).
The genetic ancestors of all of the five main clones died of similarly irregular causes: three assassinations, one execution and one suicide.
Episodes center on various social issues, including Gandhi being shunned by his school for having ADD (because of misinformation about the disorder), parodying shows which tackle AIDS awareness (it even included a special guest celebrity who tries to educate the students).
Miller initially developed the show's premise while in college, initially imagining the clones would be at a university rather than high school.
It was originally pitched to the Fox Broadcasting Company, who purchased the show immediately but ultimately decided not to order it to series.
All the original character designs were much different from what they would become even though the characters kept the same physical attributes and appearance.
Things that aren't expected are funnier: If an anvil's going to fall on your head, it had better not take more than three seconds.
Miller would later recall that executives at MTV enjoyed the show, and asked for the duo to pitch a second season without Gandhi.
Lord and Miller's two potential versions of a second season included one that made no mention of Gandhi's absence, and another that revealed that the character was, in fact, a clone of actor Gary Coleman all along, and the show continued as normal.
Of these include Alkaline Trio, American Football, Ritalin, Catch 22, Ilya, The Gentleman, Drex, Taking Back Sunday, The Stereo, Jo Davidson, Saves the Day, Hot Rod Circuit, Thursday, Helicopter Helicopter, Owen, Dashboard Confessional, Elf Power, Abandoned Pools, The Get Up Kids, Mink Lungs, Mates of State, Snapcase, The Mooney Suzuki, Jon DeRosa, Ephemera, Jinnrall, Avoid One Thing, DJ Cellulitis, DJ Piccolo, Whippersnapper, Matt Pond PA, Mad City and Bumblefoot.
The series' other background music and original score was written and produced by Scott Nickoley and Jamie Dunlap of Mad City Productions.
Hoppity Hooper is an American animated television series produced by Jay Ward, and sponsored by General Mills, originally broadcast on ABC on September 26, 1964.
The series was produced in Hollywood by Jay Ward and Bill Scott, with animation done in Mexico City by Gamma Productions.
The three main characters were Hoppity Hooper, a plucky frog, voiced by Chris Allen; Waldo P. Wigglesworth, a patent medicine-hawking fox, voiced by Hans Conried, who posed as Hoppity's long-lost uncle in the pilot episode; and Fillmore, a bear wearing Civil War clothes and (poorly) playing his bugle, voiced by Bill Scott (with Alan Reed portraying the character in the pilot).
The stories revolved around the three main characters, who lived in Foggy Bog, Wisconsin, seeking their fortune together through different jobs or schemes, usually ending in misadventure.
Each story consisted of four short cartoons, one aired at the beginning and end of each episode, with the four-part story shown over two consecutive episodes.
With two exceptions (as noted), each story line consisted of four episodes (or four shorts – making 27 stories told over 104 segments).
Volume One was released on DVD in the 2000s (the copyrights for each of these three releases were in question at the time of their respective releases).
Perelman was born in Brooklyn, New York, the only son of Joseph and Sophie Perelman, who moved from one failed business to another until they found themselves raising chickens on a farm and running a dry-goods store in Providence, Rhode Island.
Perelman wrote many brief, humorous descriptions of his travels for various magazines, and of his travails on his Pennsylvania farm, all of which were collected into books.
Reynolds) was unsuccessful, and throughout his life he was resentful that authors who wrote in the full-length form of novels received more literary respect (and financial success) than short-form authors like himself even as he openly admired British humorist P.G.
Sometimes he gleaned an apparently off-hand phrase from a newspaper article or magazine advertisement and then write a brief, satiric play or sketch inspired by that phrase.
...), Perelman composed a series of imaginary letters that might have been exchanged in 1903 between an angry Pandit Nehru in India and a sly Parisian laundryman about the condition of his laundered underwear.
He would take a common word or phrase and change its meaning completely within the context of what he was writing, generally in the direction of the ridiculous.
He stated that as a young man he heavily was influenced by James Joyce and Flann O'Brien, particularly his wordplay, obscure words and references, metaphors, irony, parody, paradox, symbols, free associations, clang associations, non-sequiturs, and sense of the ridiculous.
All these elements infused Perelman's writings but his style was precise, clear, and the very opposite of Joycean stream of consciousness.
Woody Allen has in turn admitted to being influenced by Perelman and recently has written tributes in very much the same style.
The two once happened to have dinner at the same restaurant, and when the elder humorist sent his compliments, the younger comedian mistook it for a joke.
Keillor's 'Jack Schmidt, Arts Administrator' is a parody of Perelman's classic 'Farewell, My Lovely Appetizer', itself a parody of the Raymond Chandler school of tough, amorous 'private-eye' crime fiction.
Perelman wrote at least five original plays produced on Broadway from 1932 to 1963, two as collaborators with his wife Laura.
In 1929 at the age of 25 he married the 18-year-old sister of his school friend Nathanael West, Laura West (née Lorraine Weinstein).
His son Adam (born in 1936) committed several robberies in the mid 1950s, was accused of attempted rape, and ended up in a reformatory for wayward boys.
The two things that brought Perelman happiness were his MG automobile and a mynah bird, both of which he pampered like babies.
His Anglophilia turned rather sour when late in his life he (temporarily) relocated to England and actually had to socialize with the English.
In the later years of Perelman's career, he bristled at being identified as a writer of Marx Brothers material, insisting that his publishers omit any mention of it in publicity material.
Perelman picked up plenty of pungent expressions from Yiddish and liberally sprinkled his prose with these phrases, thus paving the way for the likes of Philip Roth.
Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland GCH, PC (5 November 1803 – 12 March 1884) was a British colonial administrator and Liberal politician.
He succeeded as tenth Viscount Falkland in 1809 at the age of five after his father was killed in a duel.
However, already on 15 May 1832, he was created Baron Hunsdon, of Scutterskelfe in the County of York, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
He restructured the colony's Executive Council by including reformers in the body which had previously been a Tory domain but resisted the demand that the majority party in the legislature be permitted to form a government.
He then returned to England and held office in the Whig government of Lord John Russell as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard from 1846 to 1848.
Lord Falkland married Lady Amelia FitzClarence (21 March 1807 – 2 July 1858 London), the last unmarried illegitimate daughter of King William IV and his mistress, Dorothy Jordan, on 27 December 1830 at the Royal Pavilion.
The King gave away the bride and the ceremony was performed by the Bishop of Winchester; they spent their honeymoon at Cumberland Lodge.
They had one son, Lucius William Charles Frederick Cary, Master of Falkland (24 November 1831 – 6 August 1871), who married Sarah Christiana Keighly (d. 4 October 1902), but died childless.
As his only son had predeceased him, he was succeeded in his titles (except for the barony of Hunsdon) by his younger brother Admiral Plantagenet Pierrepont Cary.
While they were often placed in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae, recent research suggests they more likely belong in the Cisticolidae and they are treated as such in Del Hoyo et al.
The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider's web to make a cradle in which the actual grass nest is built.
Never progressing beyond a sixth-grade education, Hoffman earned his living operating a junkyard in Galloway Township, New Jersey, near Atlantic City.
A self-taught artist, he found inspiration in narratives from the Torah and Nevi'im; over his lifetime he produced over 250 carvings whose subjects were drawn from the Bible or from his Jewish background.
His works are also a mirror of his personal interests: whaling, horse racing, and Native Americans all found places in his paintings.
Though he sold some of his works, and also did some carving for local synagogues, he created most of his art for himself.
His work has been shown across the eastern United States and a number of American museums hold public collections, including the American Folk Art Museum, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, and the Noyes Museum of Art.
In microbiology, McFarland standards are used as a reference to adjust the turbidity of bacterial suspensions so that the number of bacteria will be within a given range to standardize microbial testing.
An example of such testing is antibiotic susceptibility testing by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration which is routinely used in medical microbiology and research.
If a suspension used is too heavy or too dilute, an erroneous result (either falsely resistant or falsely susceptible) for any given antimicrobial agent could occur.
A 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared by mixing 0.05 mL of 1.175% barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl•2HO), with 9.95 mL of 1% sulfuric acid (HSO).
Now there are McFarland standards prepared from suspensions of latex particles, which lengthens the shelf life and stability of the suspensions.
On 3 September 1940, she put to sea with an inspection board embarked to evaluate possible sites, from Newfoundland to British Guiana, for naval and air bases to be gained in exchange for destroyers transferred to the British government.
She participated in fleet maneuvers and conducted patrols during the winter of 1940–1941, then steamed to California for an overhaul at Mare Island.
On 6 January 1942, she departed San Francisco with Task Force 17 (TF 17), centered around , and escorted the ships transporting the Marine Expeditionary Force to Samoa to reinforce defenses there.
In the spring, after a trip to the New Hebrides, she escorted , which was carrying President Manuel L. Quezon of the Philippines to the west coast, arriving at San Francisco on 8 May.
There, she switched to a reinforcement group carrying Marine aircraft and personnel to Midway in anticipation of Japanese efforts to take that key outpost.
On the 25th, she delivered her charges to their mid-ocean destination, then moved north as a unit of TF 8 to reinforce Aleutian defenses.
She shepherded the convoy into its Nouméan anchorage on the 21st, then shifted to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, where she proceeded into the Solomons.
Her division, Cruiser Division 9 (CruDiv 9) and its screen, Destroyer Squadron 21 (DesRon 21), then retired back toward Tulagi to replenish as troops were landed at Rice Anchorage.
Early on the morning of the 6th, however, the force located and engaged ten enemy destroyers headed for Vila with reinforcements embarked.
From there, she moved on to Espiritu Santo for temporary repairs, then steamed eastward, aft forward to protect the bow, to Mare Island, to complete the work.
In December, she returned to that island to shell troop concentrations and, in January 1944, shifted southward to bombard enemy installations in the Shortland Islands.
On the 13th, she arrived in the area between Buka and St. George Channel to support landing operations in the Green Islands, off of New Ireland.
On 4 June, she moved north to the Marshalls, where on the 10th, she sailed for the Mariana Islands in TF 52, the Saipan assault force.
On the 15th, she shelled the Chalan Kanoa area, retired as the landings took place, then moved back to provide call fire support and to shell targets of opportunity.
She then returned to Saipan and, on the 17th, shifted to an area north of that island where she remained through the battle of the Philippine Sea.
Nevertheless, two days later, she arrived off Guam as scheduled; and, during the afternoon, covered underwater demolition teams working the proposed landing beaches.
In mid-October, she steamed back to Hawaii, trained until the end of the month, then moved on across the Pacific, via Ulithi and Kossol Roads, to the Philippines, arriving in Leyte Gulf on 16 November.
During the next 10 days, she patrolled in the gulf and in Surigao Strait, adding her batteries to the anti-aircraft guns protecting shipping in the area.
At 1130, another 10 enemy planes filled the space vacated by the first flight and broke into three attack groups of four, four, and two.
The first was splashed off the port quarter, and the second drove in from starboard and crashed almost on board on the port side.
Medical work was well under way: 15 were dead, one was missing, 21 were seriously wounded, and 22 had sustained minor injuries.
By the end of the month, she had participated in strikes against the southern Japanese home islands, then moved south to the Ryukyu Islands to join TF 54, bombarded Okinawa, and guarded minesweepers and underwater demolition teams clearing channels to the assault beaches.
On the 31st, she put into Kerama Retto to replenish, then returned to the larger island to support the forces landed on the Hagushi beaches on 1 April.
On 18 May, she departed Hagushi for a brief respite at Leyte, and in mid-June, she resumed support operations off Okinawa.
On 25 July, she shifted to TF 95, and on the 28th, she supported air strikes against Japanese installations on the Asiatic mainland.
Sweeps of the East China Sea followed, and in early August, she anchored in Buckner Bay, where she remained until the end of hostilities on 15 August.
During September, as other ships joined the force, she was at Buckner Bay, and in October, she moved on to Shanghai.
The Greater Richmond Transit Company, known locally as GRTC Transit System, is a local government-owned public service company which operates an urban-suburban bus line based in Richmond, Virginia.
GRTC primarily serves the independent city of Richmond and a very small portion of the adjacent counties of Henrico, Hanover, and Chesterfield with a fleet of over 175 diesel-powered and CNG-powered transit buses operating approximately 46 routes.
GRTC uses government-funded equipment and resources principally provided by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (VDRPT), and local funds.
It also maintains equipment and has other affiliations with Petersburg Area Transit, a similar agency which also serves a portion of Chesterfield County.
It is managed by a private transit management company that provides the CEO, COO, and Transportation Manager, as was its predecessor, Virginia Transit Company (VTC).
In 1887, The Richmond City Council adopted an ordinance granting a franchise to the Richmond Union Passenger Railway Company to operate a street railway system.
In 1944, the Securities and Exchange Commission directed Virginia Electric and Power company to confine its activities to the electricity business.
In 1944, the Richmond transit bus system (and a similar one in Norfolk) was purchased by VTC, which became part of the United Transit Company the next year.
After World War II, public transit systems in the United States became unprofitable, and most were eventually converted to government-owned and funded operations.
In 1972, federal, state and local funds were used to purchase the assets of the Virginia Transit Company, and a new public service company was set up, GRTC, which was wholly owned by the City of Richmond.
In addition, it was voted the 2nd best episode of all time by fans in the United States, while being ranked the third best among fans in the United Kingdom.
After showing their weapons off to Craig, they go around town pretending to be ninjas, becoming anime-like characters with their own individual superpowers.
He goes home and becomes his supervillain alter ego, Professor Chaos, and sets off to get his revenge on the four ninjas.
Professor Chaos gains the upper hand by neutralizing Kyle and Stan and Cartman proves no help as he prefers to use his ninja power to embarrass Kyle.
The shuriken hits Butters in his eye and becomes lodged in it, which immediately brings an end to the battle and brings the boys back to their senses.
Suddenly they all realize that Butters needs medical attention, but taking him to the local hospital would result in their parents finding out about their purchases.
They try to pull the shuriken out of Butters' eye themselves but when that only makes things worse, Stan and Cartman decide that the only way they can take Butters to a doctor is if they go to the local veterinarian and so, they dress Butters up like a dog.
On the way, the boys encounter Craig again and have to hide Butters in an abandoned oven so nobody sees him.
Much to their chagrin, Craig has copied them and obtained weapons from the same vendor, enlisting Jimmy, Clyde, and Token as his fellow ninjas.
The four boys force Craig's group to help them search for Butters, threatening to tell on them if they do not.
A weakened Butters makes his way to the hospital but his disguise fools the attending doctor, who sends Butters to the local animal shelter.
Just before he does, though, Butters escapes again and heads for the fair; so he decides to do the same thing to another dog instead.
The boys decide to dispose of the evidence and return to the fair to have the vendor refund their money, which he refuses to do.
Craig and the others inform them that they have seen Butters wandering around on the other side of the fair towards an auction that all their parents are attending.
Cartman decides to use his ninja power of invisibility to walk across the auction stage to get to Butters undetected and takes off his clothes.
However, since nobody else knows what the boys have been up to, Cartman inadvertently ends up streaking across the stage and is unable to reach Butters, who collapses on the stage while everyone looks on stunned.
The boys are under the impression that the outrage in question is Butters' wound (which has been medically treated by this time), but it soon transpires that the real issue is Cartman's public nudity.
The episode ends with a freeze-frame of the boys in Anime style posing and embarking on another adventure as they have more work to do.
In spite of the episode's popularity among fans, series co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone openly admitted in the season eight DVD audio commentary that they did not think it was a very good episode.
Joseph Allan Nevins (May 20, 1890 – March 5, 1971) was an American historian and journalist, known for his extensive work on the history of the Civil War and his biographies of such figures as Grover Cleveland, Hamilton Fish, Henry Ford, and John D. Rockefeller, as well as his public service.
Nevins was born in Camp Point, Illinois, the son of Emma (née Stahl) and Joseph Allan Nevins, whom he later described as a stern Presbyterian farmer.
After the 1928 Presidential Campaign which he covered for Walter Lippmann, Nevins grew dismayed at what he perceived as intolerance and provincialism, religious bigotry and racial prejudice in the American South, which as a historian he contrasted to religious freedom and separation of church and state that the same region had brought to the new nation in the revolutionary era.
In 1928, Nevins joined the history faculty of Columbia University, where he remained for three decades until his mandatory retirement in 1958.
In 1931 he gave up his journalism job in order to become a full-time faculty member and in 1939 succeeded Evarts Boutell Greene (his teacher at Illinois and mentor at Columbia), as the Dewitt Clinton Professor of History.
Nevins served as special representative of the Office of War Information in Australia and New Zealand in 1943–1944, and in 1945–1946 worked in London as chief public affairs officer at the American embassy.
In 1948 Nevins created the first oral history program to operate on an institutionalized basis in the U.S., which continues as Columbia University's Center for Oral History.
In addition to publishing four more volumes of the Civil War series, Nevins reworked the Rockefeller biography to cast a more favorable light upon the magnate.
After retiring from Columbia, Nevins relocated to California, where he worked as senior researcher at the Huntington Library in San Marino, and also returned to Oxford from 1964 to 1965.
Nevins headed the national Civil War Centennial Commission, edited its 15-volume Impact series and finished the final volumes of his eight-volume series on the American Civil War.
As a historian, Nevins supervised more than 100 doctoral dissertations, published over 50 books and possibly more than 1000 articles, as well as serving as president of the American Historical Association, the Society of American Historians, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Nevins wrote more than 50 books, mainly political and business history and biography focusing on the nineteenth century, in addition to his many newspaper and academic articles.
Subjects of his biographies included: Grover Cleveland, Abram Hewitt, Hamilton Fish, Henry Ford, John C. Frémont, Herbert Lehman, John D. Rockefeller, and Henry White.
His biography of Grover Cleveland won the 1933 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, as did his biography of Hamilton Fish four years later.
Nevins also published an annotated diary of President James K. Polk, and a volume of Cleveland's correspondence spanning the years 1850–1908.
He preferred emphasizing practical notions about the importance of national unity, principled leadership, [classical] liberal politics, enlightened journalism, the social responsibility of business and industry, and scientific and technical progress that added to the cultural improvement of humanity.
Nevins wrote several books on John D. Rockefeller and the Rockefeller family, including a two-volume authorized biography of John D. Rockefeller.
Historians and biographers who followed Nevins' lead include Jean Strouse, Ron Chernow, David Nasaw, and T. J. Stiles, chronicling the lives and careers of such figures as J. Pierpont Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt.
Though these later biographers did not confer heroic status on their subjects, they used historical and biographical investigations to establish a more complex understanding of the American past, and the history of American economic development in particular.
In the late 1960s Nevins and Commager parted ways over the issue of the Vietnam War, a war that Commager opposed on constitutional grounds, while Nevins thought it necessary in the Cold War against Communism.
In filmmaking, a body double is a person who substitutes in a scene for another actor such that the person's face is not shown.
In a recorded visual medium, a body double is used in certain specific shots to replace the credited actor of a character.
The body double's face is obscured to maintain the illusion that they are the same character; usually by shooting their body at an angle that leaves their face out (such as by showing the body double from the back) or in post-production by superimposing the original actor's face over the body double's.
Also, some actors refuse to do nude scenes, although the latter is becoming less common as many actors are now sometimes contracted to do nudity.
This is in contrast to a stand-in who replaces an actor for non-filming purposes such as scene arrangement and lighting adjustments.
These inserts are often shot by the second unit with a double at a later point in production primarily because it allows the main unit to use the lead actors' time more efficiently.
Some of these many double-acted scenes could be long or wide establishing shots, complicated over-the-shoulder main lead actor's dialogue sequences or in quick insert close-up shots involving only showing actor's body parts.
A photodouble must be able to recite his lines with the same timing as the lead actor, and also reproduce the exact physical actions in co-ordination with the other principal actors; usually, body-doubles must be of the same approximate height and weight of the actor they're replacing.
The double's face is usually not seen on-camera, particularly when they don't facially resemble the actor; a wig will usually be employed if the double's hair color is different from that of the main actor.
An extensively used body double, especially when used in cases where the credited actor has died, is known as a fake Shemp.
In some productions, a scene calls for two characters in the same shot, both of whom are portrayed by a single actor.
A body double can portray one of the characters, while the credited actor plays the other, thus enabling both characters to appear simultaneously on camera.
A scene requiring Linda Hamilton to appear as two Sarah Connors in the same scene was created by employing Hamilton's identical twin sister Leslie as her double.
Altan Khan of the Tümed (1507–1582; ; Chinese: 阿勒坦汗), whose given name was Anda ( in Mongolian; 俺答 in Chinese), was the leader of the Tümed Mongols and de facto ruler of the Right Wing, or western tribes, of the Mongols.
He was the grandson of Dayan Khan (1464–1543), a descendant of Kublai Khan (1215–1294), who had managed to unite a tribal league between the Khalkha Mongols in the north and the Chahars (Tsakhars) to the south.
Borjigin Barsboladiin Altan was the second son of Bars Bolud Jinong, and a grandson of Batumongke Dayan Khan who had re-unified the Mongolian nobility in an attempt to regain the glory of the Yuan dynasty.
Altan Khan ruled the Tümed and belonged to the Right Wing of the Mongols along with his elder brother Gün Bilig, who ruled the Ordos.
When Bodi Alagh Khan, the Khagan of the Mongols from the Chahar, died in 1547, Altan forced Bodi Alagh's successor Darayisung Küdeng Khan to flee eastward.
Altan Khan, who controlled the Ordos tumen of the Huang He or Yellow River was well placed to keep pressure on the Chinese and the Oirat Mongols in Tibet while developing both agriculture and trade.
Altan Khan first invited 3rd Dalai Lama to Tümed in 1569, but apparently he refused to go and sent a disciple instead, who reported back to him about the great opportunity to spread Buddhist teachings throughout Mongolia.
The prince became very interested in Gelukpa, and Beijing was happy to provide him with Tibetan lamas, Tibetan scriptures, and translations.
The Erdene Zuu Monastery was built by him in 1586, at the site of the former Mongol capital of Karakorum following his adoption of Buddhism as the state religion.
This monastery is also often (wrongly) referred to as the first monastery in Mongolia and it grew into a massive establishment.
Sonam Gyatso publicly announced that he was a reincarnation of the Tibetan Sakya monk Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) who converted Kublai Khan, while Altan Khan was a reincarnation of Kublai Khan (1215–1294), the famous ruler of the Mongol Empire and Emperor of China, and that they had come together again to cooperate in propagating the Buddhist religion.
The Tümed Mongols and their allies were brought into the Gelug tradition, which was to become the main spiritual orientation of the Mongols in the ensuing centuries.
Sonam Gyatso's message was that the time had come for Mongolia to embrace Buddhism, that from that time on there should be no more animal sacrifices, there must be no taking of life, animal or human, military action must be pursued only with purpose and the immolation of women on the funeral pyres of their husbands must be abolished.
A massive program of translating Tibetan (and Sanskrit) texts into Mongolian was commenced, with letters written in silver and gold and paid for by the Dalai Lama's Mongolian devotees.
Within 50 years virtually all Mongols had become Buddhist, with tens of thousands of monks, who were members of the Gelug order, loyal to the Dalai Lama.
Longqing Emperor, the reigning emperor of Ming dynasty was forced to grant special trading rights to the khanate, after signing a peace treaty with him in 1571, allowing it to trade horses for silks, which further strengthened it economically.
During his reign he made several successful military campaigns to the west against rebellious Oirats, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyz, bringing them back under his rule.
Enrique Granados Campiña was born in Lleida, Spain, the son of Calixto José de la Trinidad Granados y Armenteros, a Spanish army captain who was born in Havana, Cuba, and Enriqueta Campiña.
He was unable to become a student at the Paris Conservatoire, but he was able to take private lessons with a conservatoire professor, Charles-Wilfrid de Bériot, whose mother, the soprano Maria Malibran, was of Spanish ancestry.
He wrote an opera based on the subject in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I forced the European premiere to be canceled.
Ironically, the part of the vessel that contained his cabin did not sink and was towed to port, with most of the passengers, except for Granados and his wife, on board.
Granados was a significant influence on at least two other famous Spanish composers and musicians, Manuel de Falla and Pablo Casals.
Ordeal of the Union, an eight-volume set (published 1947–1971) on the American Civil War by Allan Nevins, is one of the author's greatest works, ending only with his death.
At the 2011 Census the Regency had a population of 84,138; the latest official estimate (as of January 2014) was 93,722.
The islands are the easternmost in Maluku province, and are located in the Arafura Sea southwest of New Guinea and north of Australia.
The largest island is Tanahbesar (also called Wokam); Dobo, the chief port of the islands, is on Wamar, just off Tanahbesar.
Geologically, the group is part of the Australian continent, along with New Guinea, Tanimbar, Tasmania, Waigeo, and Raja Ampat on the Australian Plate.
The Islands lie on the Australia-New Guinea continental shelf, and were connected to Australia and New Guinea by land when sea levels were lower during the ice ages.
The Aru pearl industry has been criticized in national media for allegedly maintaining exploitive debt structures that bind the local men who dive for pearls to outside boat owners and traders in an unequal relationship.
In November 2011, the Government of Indonesia awarded two oil-and-gas production-sharing contracts (PSC) about west of the Aru Islands to BP.
The two adjacent offshore exploration PSCs, West Aru I and II, cover an area of about with water depths ranging from .
The islands were sighted and also possibly visited by some Portuguese navigators, such as Martim Afonso de Melo, in 1522-24, who sighted the islands and wintered on a nearby island or of the Aru archipelago itself, and possibly by Gomes de Sequeira, in 1526, as is pointed out in the cartography of the time.
The Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra sighted the islands on 12 June 1528, when trying to return from Tidore to New Spain.
The islands were colonized by the Dutch beginning 1623, though initially the Dutch East India Company was one of several trading groups in the area, with limited influence over the islands' internal affairs.
His visit later made him realise, that the Aru islands must have been connected by a landbridge to mainland New Guinea during the ice age.
In the nineteenth century, Dobo, Aru's largest town, temporarily became an important regional trading center, serving as a meeting point for Dutch, Makasarese, Chinese, and other traders.
The period from the 1880s to 1917 saw a backlash against this outside influence, by a spiritually-based movement among local residents to rid the islands of outsiders.
Fourteen languages - Barakai, Batuley, Dobel, Karey, Koba, Kola, Kompane, Lola, Lorang, Manombai, Mariri, East Tarangan, West Tarangan, and Ujir - are indigenous to Aru.
A more recent report from 2007 suggested that the 4% Muslim figure may only relate to the indigenous population and that the actual percentage of Muslims may be significantly higher.
The Dutch brought Christianity in the 17th and 18th centuries but much of the conversion of the population to Christianity did not take place until the 20th century.
In philately, a cut square is an imprinted stamp cut from an item of postal stationery such as a stamped envelope, postal card, letter sheet, letter card, aerogram or wrapper in a square or rectangular shape.
An alternative use of the term is simply any stamp, from sheets or postal stationery, cut in a square or rectangular shape and not cut to shape.
Just as used postage stamps were cut out, soaked and placed in an album, collectors also cut out postal stationery indicia and mounted them conveniently in albums.
Now, the practice is frowned upon by most collectors who collect the entire, thus saving the envelope's postal history, the knife of the envelope and the postmark.
To illustrate how far things have shifted in emphasis from the collection of cut squares, the most recent United Postal Stationery Society publication on US 20th and 21st century stamped envelopes does not even mention cut squares, whereas its predecessor edition, just seven years earlier, devoted a section to their pricing.
King Jordan, president emeritus of Gallaudet University, is one of the most famous ALDAn members and has spoken frequently at the conventions.
The Association presents a yearly award in his name to a member who has shown outstanding achievement as a role model for late-deafened adults.
Most recently, the Association of Late-Deafened Adults has been involved in Congressional hearings for technological improvements, such as movie theater captioning devices for theaters, and working with the Georgia Institute of Technology for a text conversion program for Google Glass.
The P-38, developed in 1942, is a small can opener that was issued in the canned field rations of the United States Armed Forces from World War II to the 1980s.
However, use of the metric system in the US was not widespread at this point, and United States Army sources indicate that the origin of the name is rooted in the 38 punctures around the circumference of a C-ration can required for opening.
Then, for a right-handed user, the P-38 is held in the right hand by the flat long section, with the cutting point pointing downward and away from the user, while also hooking the edge of the can through the circular notch located on the flat long section next to the cutting edge.
The can is held in the left hand, and the right hand is rotated slightly clockwise, causing the can lid to be punctured.
The can is then rotated counter-clockwise in the left hand, while the right hand rotates alternatively slightly counter-clockwise and slightly clockwise, until the can has been rotated nearly 360 degrees and the lid is nearly free.
The lid of the now opened can is lifted, most often with the P-38 cutting edge, and the P-38 is wiped clean, and the cutting point is rotated back to its stowed, folded position.
The P-38 is then returned to its stored location, whether that is dangling on a dog tag chain around one's neck, or in one's pocket if the P-38 is attached to a key ring.
Left-handed users simply hold the P-38 in their left hand, with the cutting point aimed towards themselves, while holding the can to be opened in their right hand, while also reversing the sense of the cutting hand movements just described.
A similar device that incorporates a small spoon at one end and a bottle opener at the other is currently employed by the Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Army in its ration kits.
Paul Pierre Lévy (15 September 1886 – 15 December 1971) was a French mathematician who was active especially in probability theory, introducing fundamental concepts such as local time, stable distributions and characteristic functions.
Lévy processes, Lévy flights, Lévy measures, Lévy's constant, the Lévy distribution, the Lévy area, the Lévy arcsine law, and the fractal Lévy C curve are named after him.
Lévy attended the École Polytechnique and published his first paper in 1905, at the age of nineteen, while still an undergraduate, in which he introduced the Lévy–Steinitz theorem.
After graduation, he spent a year in military service and then studied for three years at the École des Mines, where he became a professor in 1913.
In 1920 he was appointed Professor of Analysis at the École Polytechnique, where his students included Benoît Mandelbrot and Georges Matheron.
He remained at the École Polytechnique until his retirement in 1959, with a gap during World War II after his 1940 firing because of the Vichy Statute on Jews.
Lévy received a number of honours, including membership at the French Academy of Sciences and honorary membership at the London Mathematical Society.
It is similar to a postal tax stamp, but the revenue is used to defray the costs of a war; as with other postal taxes, its use is obligatory for some period of time.
On June 1, 1876, after the Third Carlist War had ended, a further set of five depicting King Alfonso XII was issued.
Intended to help pay off war debts, this set bore denominations of 5, 10 and 25 centimos, 1 peseta and 5 pesetas.
This issue, a set of seven with denominations of 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 centimos and 1 and 5 pesetas, was never placed in use as a decree of February 4, 1879 lifted the war tax.
The first set, issued in 1897, contained four stamps bearing the numbers 5, 10, 15 and 20, reflecting their denomination in centimos.
The majority of war tax stamps were produced during and immediately after World War I, primarily within the British Empire and its dominions.
The following British colonies and dominions produced war tax stamps: Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Guiana, British Honduras, Canada, Cayman Islands, Ceylon, Dominica, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Gibraltar, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Gold Coast, Grenada, Jamaica, Malta, Montserrat, New Zealand, St. Helena, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands and Virgin Islands.
Canada was the first country to issue such stamps during this period, following passage of its Special War Revenue Act in February 1915.
This indicated that the stamps carried both their face value and the tax of 1 cent, conceptually similar to a semi-postal stamp, but whose use was required rather than optional.
Great Britain and Australia imposed war taxes on mail, but did not issue war tax stamps; instead, they used regular stamps to pay the fees.
In the United States, which also imposed a war tax following its entry into the war in 1917, the rate for a first-class letter was raised from 2 cents to 3 cents; the added cent was used to pay the tax.
Though many countries (e.g., Australia) imposed taxes on mail during World War II, regular stamps were used to pay those taxes.
The last American cruiser designed to meet the limits of London Naval Treaty, she was originally intended to be a heavy cruiser, accordingly with the maximum main armament of three triple gun turrets.
This design would go on to form the basis for the later World War II-era heavy cruisers such as the s. The ship was authorized by the 1929 Cruiser Act, laid down at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in October 1935, launched in November 1937, and commissioned into the US Navy in February 1939.
She was first assigned to convoy escort duty on the Murmansk Run in early 1942, and supported amphibious landings during Operation Torch in November 1942.
She frequently provided antiaircraft defense for the Fast Carrier Task Force during operations in the central Pacific, including the Battles of the Philippine Sea and Leyte Gulf in 1944.
After the Japanese surrender, the ship served as part of the occupation force in Japan and assisted in the repatriation of American military personnel under Operation Magic Carpet.
She remained in reserve until 1959, when she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and sold for scrapping in August 1959.
In the early 1930s, the Secretary of the Navy, Curtis D. Wilbur, pushed for a new construction program for light and heavy cruisers.
The ship was originally intended to be built to the design of the , but the design was reworked before construction began.
The secondary battery of eight guns was identical in number to the light cruisers, but was arranged to give better fields of fire.
The main battery of nine guns was mounted in a new gun turret design that rectified problems discovered in earlier cruisers.
When the rest of the 5-inch guns were installed, it was found that the ship was too top-heavy, and so of pig iron had to be added to her bottom to balance the cruiser.
She was equipped with four seaplanes and a pair of aircraft catapults and a crane for handling the aircraft which were mounted on the stern.
The Class A steel was significantly more effective than the Class B armor used in earlier cruisers; 8-inch guns had to be within to penetrate the belt, as opposed to for the earlier armor.
Her secondary battery consisted of eight 5-inch /38 Mark 12 dual-purpose guns, four in single, enclosed Mark 30 high-angle mounts, and four in open mounts.
The 40 mm guns had a ceiling of at 90 degrees elevation and a maximum rate of fire of 160 rounds per minute.
By the end of the war, the ship was armed with a variety of fire control systems for her guns, including Mark 34 fire control gear and Mark 13 and Mark 28 fire control radars.
She arrived on 20 April 1939 and took part in the dedicatory and memorial service at the San Jacinto Battle Monument and War Relic Museum.
The ship left Houston on 1 May for her shakedown cruise, during which she visited the Virgin Islands, Cuba, and the Bahamas before she returned to Philadelphia for post-shakedown repairs.
She then joined the aircraft carrier and the heavy cruiser for a patrol in the North Atlantic, during which the ships sailed to within of Ireland.
She sortied again on 27 July bound for Iceland as part of Task Force 16 under Operation Indigo II, the occupation of Iceland.
The following day, the ship's crew evaluated her condition; she had suffered minor damage from the collisions, including some leaks, and damage to the hull from the grounding.
She arrived on 9 February, and repairs lasted until 26 February, when she left port for training maneuvers off Maine in early March.
Aware that they had been detected, the Germans aborted the operation and turned over the attack to U-boats and the Luftwaffe.
The scattered vessels could no longer be protected by the convoy escorts, and the Germans sank 21 of the 34 isolated transports.
The ships were tasked with neutralizing the primary French defenses, which included coastal guns on El Hank, several submarines, and the incomplete battleship which lay at anchor in the harbor.
On the night of 29 January 1943, the Task Force was steaming off Rennell Island; wary of the threat from Japanese submarines, which Allied intelligence indicated were likely in the area, Giffen arranged his cruisers and destroyers for anti-submarine defense, not expecting an air attack.
The bombardment convinced the Japanese that the Americans intended to invade the island in the near future; they therefore planned an evacuation by July.
The force departed Majuro on 12 February and conducted Operation Hailstone, a major air strike on the Japanese base at Truk, four days later.
After arriving, she joined the screen for the Fast Carrier Task Force, which struck Japanese bases on Yap, Woleai, and in the Palaus.
The task force returned to the seas off Truk on 29 April for a second round of airstrikes on the port.
On 17 June, she joined Task Group 58.7; the force patrolled to the west of the Marianas over the next three days in an attempt to intercept the large Japanese carrier force known to be approaching.
She arrived three days later and remained there until 29 July, when she put to sea to join Task Group 38.1.
She screened for the fast carrier task group while they launched airstrikes on Japanese targets in Palau, the Carolines, the Philippines, and Dutch East Indies.
The ship's anti-aircraft gunners immediately opened fire; a burst from one of the 20 mm guns shot away the Zero's tail.
Over the next two days, the ship continued to bombard Japanese defenses on the island, until she retired to replenish ammunition on 10 April.
A 5-inch round struck the port aircraft catapult; shell fragments hit the shield of an antiaircraft director, killing one man and injuring eleven others.
The ship reached San Francisco on 24 November, where she went into drydock at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard two days later.
She left port on 27 January bound for the east coast of the United States; she transited the Panama Canal on 5–9 February and reached Philadelphia on 14 February.
On 1 March 1959, the ship was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and sold on 14 August to the Union Minerals and Alloys Corp.
The Seequa Chameleon was also an older luggable computer from the early 1980s, distinguished by being able to run both the MS-DOS and CP/M-80 operating systems.
The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Sanskrit) or Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way, is a foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana philosophy, composed by Nagarjuna in approximately the second-third century CE.
A collection of 27 chapters in Sanskrit verse, it is widely regarded as the most influential text of Buddhist philosophy and had a major impact on the subsequent development of Buddhism, especially northeast of its native India in places such as Tibet and East Asia.
A philosopher of the Madhyamaka branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism, he held all existents to be empty of their own intrinsic nature, instead depending for their character on other things or otherwise having an incoherent nature.
Although all Buddhist schools hold that the self is empty in this way, schools which adhere to Abhidharma doctrine still conceive of the dharmas as ultimately real entities.
Because of the high degree of similarity between the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and Pyrrhonism, particularly the surviving works of the Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus Thomas McEvilley suspects that Nagarjuna was influenced by Greek Pyrrhonist texts imported into India.
As a kārikā-style text, the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā presents only aphoristic, often enigmatic and extremely shortened verses, much like the sūtra works of the various orthodox Hindu philosophical schools.
Since they served primarily as pedagogical or mnemonic aids for teachers, commentaries were required to make the meaning of this type of text more explicit to the uninitiated reader.
This is by far the best known commentary in East Asian Mādhyamaka, forming one of the three commentaries that make up the San Lun School.
The Anglican Church of Australia, formerly known as the Church of England in Australia, is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the Anglican Communion.
When the First Fleet was sent to New South Wales in 1787, Richard Johnson of the Church of England was licensed as chaplain to the fleet and the settlement.
Some of the Irish convicts had been transported to Australia for political crimes or social rebellion in Ireland, so the authorities were suspicious of Roman Catholicism for the first three decades of settlement and Roman Catholic convicts were compelled to attend Church of England services and their children and orphans were raised by the authorities as Anglicans.
Drafted by the reformist attorney-general John Plunkett, the act established legal equality for Anglicans, Roman Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists.
A mission to the Aborigines was established in the Wellington Valley in New South Wales by the Church Missionary Society in 1832, but it ended in failure and indigenous people in the 19th century demonstrated a reluctance to convert to the religion of the colonists who were seizing their lands.
In 1847 the rest of the Diocese of Australia was divided into the four separate dioceses of Sydney, Adelaide, Newcastle and Melbourne.
Until 1945, the vast majority of Roman Catholics in Australia were of Irish descent, causing the Anglo-Protestant majority to question their loyalty to the British Empire.
After World War II, the ethnic and cultural mix of Australia diversified and Anglicanism gave way to Roman Catholicism as the largest denomination.
The number of Anglicans attending regular worship began to decline in 1959 and figures for occasional services (baptisms, confirmations, weddings and funerals) started to decline after 1966.
The movement evolved and expanded with Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches later joining and by 1994 the Roman Catholic Church was also a member of the national ecumenical body, the National Council of Churches in Australia.
On 24 August 1981 the church officially changed its name from the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania to the Anglican Church of Australia.
In 1992, 90 women were ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia and two others who had been ordained overseas were recognised.
After decades of debate the issue of women's ordination, particularly as bishops, continues to divide traditionalists and reformers within the church.
In 2008, Kay Goldsworthy was ordained as an assistant bishop for the Diocese of Perth, thus becoming the first woman consecrated as a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia.
In 2014 she was consecrated and installed as the first female diocesan bishop in Australia (for the Diocese of Grafton in New South Wales).
Senior clergy such as Peter Jensen, former Archbishop of Sydney, have a high profile in discussions on a diverse range of social issues in contemporary national debates.
In recent times the church has encouraged its leaders to talk on such issues as indigenous rights; international security; peace and justice; and poverty and equity.
Like other religious groups, the church has come under criticism in light of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and others.
Prior to the Second World War, the majority of immigrants to Australia had come from the United Kingdom – though most of Australia's Roman Catholic immigrants had come from Ireland.
After World War II, Australia's immigration program diversified and more than 6.5 million migrants arrived in Australia in the 60 years after the war, including more than a million Roman Catholics.
Census data shows that as a percentage of population Anglican affiliation peaked in 1921 at 43.7%, and the number of persons indicating Anglican affiliation peaked in 1991 at 4 million.
The Australian church consists of twenty-three dioceses arranged into five provinces (except for Tasmania) with the metropolitical sees in the states' capital cities.
The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Anglican Council (NATSIAC) appoints two Indigenous bishops for national work with indigenous people: the National Aboriginal Bishop is based in South Australia (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide); while the National Torres Strait Islander Bishop is based at Thursday Island, Queensland (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland).
Today the church remains a significant provider of social welfare with organisations working in education, health, missionary work, social welfare and communications.
The Anglicare network comprises 9000 volunteers beyond paid staff, who assisted some 940,000 Australians in 2016 in areas such as emergency relief, aged care, family support and assistance for the homeless.
Church schools range from low-fee, regional and special needs schools to high-fee leading independent schools such as Geelong Grammar (whose alumni includes Prince Charles and Rupert Murdoch) and The Kings School in Synod.
The historic church was designed by Governor Macquarie's architect, Francis Greenway – a former convict – and built with convict labour.
Blacket also designed St Saviour's Cathedral in Goulburn, based on the Decorated Gothic style of a large English parish church and built between 1874 and 1884.
Tasmania is home to a number of significant colonial Anglican buildings including those located at Australia's best preserved convict era settlement, Port Arthur.
The oldest building in the city of Canberra is the picturesque St John the Baptist Church in Reid, consecrated in 1845.
This church long predates the city of Canberra and is not so much representative of urban design as it is of the Bush chapels which dot the Australian landscape and stretch even into the far Outback.
In 2017, the Diocese of The Murray ordained the first woman as a deacon becoming the last diocese to ordain women to the diaconate.
The Anglican Diocese of Sydney, the largest of the country, has expressed its opposition to same-sex unions and has been involved in the Anglican realignment as a member of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans.
In 2015, the Bishop of Wangaratta endorsed same-sex marriage legislation and some diocesan clergy offered to perform gay marriages when allowed to do so.
Inkpin, who is married to the Revd Penny Jones, one of the first female priests ordained in Australia, is the first openly transgender priest in Australia.
The Anglican Diocese of Sydney has been a leading name in the Anglican realignment, since they first opposed the pro-homosexuality policies of the Episcopal Church of the United States and the Anglican Church of Canada.
Archbishop Peter Jensen attended the first Global Anglican Future Conference, on June 2008, in Jerusalem, and was the chairman of GAFCON.
The Anglican Diocese of Sydney and the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia have declared themselves in full communion with the Anglican Church in North America, started in June 2009, which represents Anglican realignment in United States and Canada.
The Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans was launched in Australia on 26 March 2015, in a conference held in Melbourne that reunited 460 members, including 40 from New Zealand, and was attended by Archbishop Eliud Wabukala, from the Anglican Church of Kenya, their international chairman, Archbishop Stanley Ntagali, from the Anglican Church of Uganda, and Archbishop Glenn Davies, from the Anglican Diocese of Sydney.
The then archdeacon of the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, now bishop Richard Condie, of the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania, became chairman of FCA Australia.
The Anglican Church of Australia was represented at GAFCON III, held in Jerusalem, on 17–22 June 2018, by a 218 members delegation, which included Archbishop Glenn Davies, of Sydney, and Bishops Richard Condie, of Tasmania, Gary Nelson, of North West Australia, and Ian Palmer, of Bathurst.
Matthieu Prosper Avril (born December 12, 1937) is a Haitian political figure who was President of Haiti from 1988 to 1990.
A trusted member of François Duvalier's Presidential Guard and adviser to Jean-Claude Duvalier, Lt. Gen. Avril led the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état against a transition military government installed after Jean-Claude Duvalier's 1986 overthrow.
Avril was forced into retirement by Jean-Claude Duvalier in 1983, but reinstated and promoted to Colonel in 1986, in the face of the popular revolt which would ultimately see Duvalier overthrown.
Avril's 1986 joining of Henri Namphy's interim military junta saw protest demonstrations, and he was forced to resign; but he quickly returned, and assisted Namphy in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état which overthrew Leslie Manigat, who had been elected in military-controlled elections and took office in February 1988.
In September 1988, a week after the St Jean Bosco massacre, Avril overthrew his former ally Namphy, and served as President of Haiti from September 17, 1988 to March 10, 1990.
It also found him personally responsible for enough ‘torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment’ to award six of his victims a total of $41 million in compensation.
Avril's repression was not subtle: three torture victims were paraded on national television with their faces grotesquely swollen, their limbs bruised and their clothing covered with blood.
In December 1994 the Haitian police attempted to arrest Avril at his home, but were thwarted by the appearance of US soldiers, who caused sufficient delay that Avril was able to escape.
Amnesty International said his arrest could be step forward for Haitian justice, and called for Avril to be tried for the grave human rights violations committed under his Presidency.
At the time Aristide came to power, Prosper Avril lived in Miami, Florida under an assumed name despite the fact that he would be easily recognizable.
This high-profile also made him the target of rumors, and so when two Haitian radio journalists were assassinated during the first weeks and month after Aristide took power, Avril became the target of rumors that declared his involvement.
He was in exile in Malaysia for 17 years during the secular New Order administration of President Suharto resulting from various activities, including urging the implementation of Sharia law.
Intelligence agencies and the United Nations claim he is the spiritual head of Jemaah Islamiyah (also known as JI) and has links with Al-Qaeda.
In August 2014, he publicly pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and his declaration of a caliphate.
He was a student of Gontor Islamic boarding school in Ponorogo, graduating in 1959, before entering Al-Irsyad University, in Solo, Central Java, and graduating in 1963.
During Indonesian President Suharto's New Order, Bashir and Sungkar were arrested for a number of reasons, firstly for actively supporting Sharia, the non-recognition of the Indonesian national ideology Pancasila which in part promotes religious pluralism.
Secondly, the refusal of their school to salute the Indonesian flag which signified Bashir's continual refusal to recognise the authority of a secular Indonesian state.
Soon after his release, Bashir was convicted on similar charges; he was also linked to the bomb attack on the Buddhist monument Borobudur in 1985 but fled to Malaysia.
Abu Bakar Bashir has been described as the ideological godfather of Jamaah Islamiyah, even though no evidence has been made public that specifically implicates Bashir in terrorist attacks undertaken by the clandestine group.
He has claimed the 9/11 attacks were a false flag attack by America and Israel as a pretext to attack Muslims in Afghanistan and Iraq.
In August 2008, Bashir resigned his position as the Council's supreme leader, charging that the groups internal democratic structure contradicted Islam, and stated that he should have absolute power within the organization.
Bashir allegedly refers to tourists in Bali as 'worms, snakes and maggots' with specific reference to the immorality of Australian infidels.
Bashir's view on non-Muslims is highlighted in this statement made in East Java in 2006, 'God willing, there are none here, if there were infidels here, just beat them up.
Bashir's specific mention of Australian tourists has created uproar among government officials and the Australian media regarding the cleric's intolerant comments.
Australia's Foreign Affairs Minister Stephen Smith views Bashir's comments in late 2007 as being full of the intolerance that has marked many of Bashir's previous speeches.
The cleric has also previously warned of severe retribution if the Bali bombers, who killed 202 people in 2002, be executed by firing squad.
On 24 March 2008 the bombers, who were on death row, lost almost any hope of escaping the death penalty as their lawyer, Fahmi Bachmid, withdrew from their last appeal.
Similarly, US State Department translator Fred Burks revealed during Bashir's trial in Indonesia that the USA government had asked President Megawati secretly to hand-over Bashir in a meeting at Megawati's home in September 2002.
Present at that meeting was US ambassador to Indonesia Ralph L. Boyce, National Security Council official Karen Brooks, and an unnamed CIA official.
On 14 April 2003, he was formally charged by the Indonesian government with treason, immigration violations, and providing false documents and statements to the Indonesian police.
In the Indonesian court, he was found not guilty of treason because the state failed to prove its case, but was found guilty on the immigration violations.
He was sentenced to three years in prison, but the sentence was subsequently reduced to 20 months due to his good behavior in the prison.
On 15 October 2004, he was arrested by the Indonesian authorities and charged with involvement in the bomb attack on the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta on 5 August 2003, which killed 14 people.
Secondary charges in the same indictment charge him of involvement in the 2002 Bali bombing, the first time he has faced charges in relation to that attack which killed 202 people.
On March 3, 2005, Bashir was found guilty of conspiracy over the 2002 attacks, but was found not guilty of the charges surrounding the 2003 bombing.
On 17 August 2005, as part of the tradition of remissions for Indonesia's Independence Day, Bashir's jail term was cut by 4 months and 15 days.
On 14 June 2006, to cheers from his supporters waiting outside, Abu Bakar Bashir was released, having served 25+ months in Jakarta's Cipinang prison, where he held court and coordinated the publication of a commemorative book with his release.
After returning to the boarding school for which he is the spiritual leader, he pledged a renewed campaign to impose Islamic sharia law on Indonesia.
He also called Australian Prime Minister, John Howard, to convert to Islam in order to save him from hell and receive God's forgiveness.
He also claimed the original bombs were only intended to injure people, not kill them - despite the bombers' own admissions and public testimony.
In February 2012, the US Department of State website stated that JAT was responsible for multiple coordinated attacks against innocent civilians, police and military personnel in Indonesia.
Finally, the Supreme Court has rejected the appeal of Abu Bakar Bashir and annulled the Jakarta High Court sentence then reinstated the South Jakarta District Court's original 15-year sentence.
In January 2019 it was rumored that president Joko Widodo was considering to release Bashir due to old age and declining health.
The move was seen as controversial in Indonesia as part of a growing number of actions taken by Widodo to appease Indonesia's conservative Muslims ahead of the 2019 presidential election.
However on 23 January the move to release Bashir was cancelled as he refused to pledge allegiance to the state ideology of Pancasila which was one of the terms of his release.
Hong Kong Olympiad in Informatics (HKOI; 香港電腦奧林匹克競賽) is an annual programming competition for secondary school students in Hong Kong, emphasizing on problem solving techniques and programming skills.
It serves as a preliminary contest to international, national and regional competitions such as the China National Olympiad in Informatics (NOI) and the International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI).
In order select representatives for the Hong Kong Delegation Team, a selection test was held a few months before the competition.
In the next few years, Hong Kong started sending teams to other competitions, including the SEARCC International Schools' Software Competition (ISSC) in 1993, the Software Competition for the Youths (SCY) in 1994 and the China National Olympiad in Informatics in 1995.
Selection tests were separately administered for these competitions, and the purpose of each test was solely to select team members for the competitions.
In 1996, the Hong Kong Association for Computer Education, the Hong Kong Computer Society and the Education Department of Hong Kong (now the Education Bureau) jointly organized the Joint Selection Contest to replace all the selection tests.
After that, a Team Formation Test was conducted to select the Hong Kong representatives in IOI and NOI among the seeds.
Due to the limit on the number of participants from each school, some schools organize their own team formation test to select students to take part in HKOI.
The Junior Group consists of students aged 17 or below, and the Senior Group consists of students aged 19 or below.
The rationale of having two groups with one having an age limit of 17 is that SEARCC-ISSC requires all participants to be aged 17 or below.
Another advantage of having a Junior Group is to allow more young students to enter the HKOI training team without having to compete with the more experienced senior students.
The participants could not rely on a computer to verify the correctness of their programs, while the markers had to read every line of the program and try to understand the underlying algorithm.
Outstanding students in the heat event proceed to enter the 2-hour final event, which consists of programming tasks similar to those in IOI.
All participants were asked to work on the pre-competition assessment task and submit a floppy diskette containing the source code and executable of their programs.
However, it raised concerns about the fairness of the competition, since there is no way to ensure that the submitted program was really written by the participant.
This time, the heat event consisted of a single paper of Multiple choice problems to improve the efficiency in marking papers.
As of 2009, the competition consists of a heat event with Multiple Choice and Fill-in-the-blanks problems, while the final event consists of 5 programming tasks to be solved in 3 hours.
She is co-owner and founding partner of The Jackal Group (now Sidecar), a production entity formed in partnership with Fox Networks Group.
The Jackal Group develops and produces scripted, unscripted and factual entertainment programming for FNG's channels, including Fox Broadcasting Company, FX/FXX, the National Geographic Channels, and Fox International Channels.
Berman was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn but the family soon moved to Bellmore, New York where she was raised.
Berman also serves on the board of directors of the Center Theatre Group, a non-profit company that oversees the Ahmanson Theatre, the Mark Taper Forum and the Kirk Douglas Theatre.
Berman began her career as a theater producer after graduating with a bachelor's degree in theater from the University of Maryland.
Berman next served as founding president of Regency Television, the TV studio created in 1998 as a co-venture between Fox Television Studios and New Regency Productions.
Berman became president of Paramount Pictures in March 2005 and was responsible for the studio's annual slate of films, including the acquisition of literary properties, development, budgeting, casting, and the production of motion pictures for Paramount Pictures, MTV Films and Nickelodeon Movies.
Prior to founding The Jackal Group, Berman spent seven years as co-founder and co-owner of the media company BermanBraun with Lloyd Braun, which was an innovator in the digital arena, creating and operating successful online brands.
Before BermanBraun, Berman was the first and only female executive to hold the top posts at both a major film studio and television network.
He withdrew from those contests and sought the 2012 Americans Elect presidential nomination until that group announced it would not field a candidate in 2012 because no candidate reached the required minimum threshold of support to be listed on its ballot.
Roemer's maternal grandfather, Ross McDade, married a sister of the maternal grandmother of James C. Gardner, a former mayor of Shreveport.
Among the Shreveport-area delegates who served with Roemer was his future gubernatorial advisor Robert G. Pugh, future U.S. District Judge Tom Stagg, and former Louisiana State Representative Frank Fulco.
Roemer's father had been in 1971 the campaign manager for Edwin Washington Edwards and became commissioner of administration during Edwards' first term as governor.
As a member of Congress, Roemer represented Louisiana's 4th congressional district in the northwestern section of the state, which includes Shreveport and Bossier City.
In 1978, Roemer lost in the nonpartisan blanket primary for the 4th district congressional seat, which was vacated by popular incumbent Joe Waggonner, also from Bossier Parish.
Waggonner announced his opposition to Roemer after Roemer criticized the excessive costs of the Red River navigation program, a favored project of the retiring Waggonner.
Roemer finished third in the primary to Democratic State Representative Buddy Leach, with 27 percent of the ballots, and Republican Jimmy Wilson, a former state representative from Vivian in northern Caddo Parish.
In 1980, Roemer and Wilson again challenged Leach in the primary; also running was State Senator Foster Campbell of Bossier Parish.
That time, Wilson finished in third place, Roemer ranked second, again with 27 percent, and Leach led the field with 29 percent.
In the general election, with the support of Wilson, Roemer handily defeated Leach, who had the support of Campbell and many other state legislators, 64 to 36 percent.
In Congress, Roemer frequently supported Ronald Reagan's policy initiatives and fought with the Democratic congressional leadership, though he remained in the party.
In 1981, Roemer joined forty-seven other House Democrats in supporting the passage of the Reagan tax cuts, strongly opposed by Speaker O'Neill and Roemer's fellow Louisiana Democrat Gillis William Long of Alexandria.
Roemer, as the host governor and still a Democrat, welcomed the Republicans to New Orleans, where delegates in convention nominated Bush and Quayle.
In his first term in Congress, Roemer was denied a seat on the Banking Committee by the Democratic leadership and instead was assigned to the Public Works and Transportation Committee due to Roemer having voted with the Republican minority on extending the debate on House rules proposed by the Democratic majority.
Buddy Roemer was one of a large number of Democratic candidates to challenge three-term incumbent governor Edwin Edwards, whose flamboyant personality and reputation for questionable ethical practices had polarized voters.
His challengers were asked, in succession, if they would consider endorsing Edwards in the general election if they didn't make it to the runoff.
Boosted by his endorsement as the 'good government candidate' by nearly every newspaper in the state, Roemer stormed from last place in the polls and on election night, overtook Edwards and placed first in the primary election, with 33 percent of the vote compared with Edwards' 28 percent.
Edwards, recognizing he faced certain defeat, made the surprise announcement on election night that he would concede the race to Roemer.
By withdrawing, Edwards denied Roemer the opportunity to build a governing coalition in the general election race, thus denying him a decisive majority victory.
Roemer named the one-year state representative Dennis Stine of Lake Charles, a timber businessman, as the commissioner of administration, a post Stine held until the end of Roemer's term.
Other sources maintain that Sanderson was an effective chief of staff who left office solely to rehabilitate from a tragic automobile accident.
The majority of reform legislation was passed during the first months of the Roemer administration while Sanderson was chief of staff.
Roemer called a special session of the legislature to push an ambitious tax and fiscal reform program for state and local governments.
Roemer also acquired a reputation for being difficult to work with, something he had been frequently accused of as a member of the House as well.
Bolin also correctly predicted that Roemer would in time run for president, but Roemer did not seek the White House for another twenty-four years.
Edward J. Steimel, executive director of the pro-business lobby, the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry, also applauded Roemer's early reform efforts.
Also in 1989, the Louisiana Board of Appeals recommended a pardon for political prisoner and victim of extreme racism during the racial integration of Louisiana's public schools, Gary Tyler.
Notwithstanding Governor Roemer's own father, Charles E. Roemer, II having been a strong advocate for African-American Civil Rights in his own political career in Louisiana, Governor Roemer refused to consider a pardon for Tyler in a racially charged environment where David Duke was gaining popularity and rising to prominent political power.
Gary Tyler had been in prison 14 years as of 1989, and as a result of Governor Roemer's decision to refuse to consider the appeal, the African-American would go on to serve an additional 27 years in the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola before finally being released in 2016.
In 1990, Roemer vetoed a bill – authored by Democratic Senator Mike Cross and supported by the influential Republican Senator Fritz Windhorst of Gretna and state Senate President, Allen Bares of Lafayette.
Bares had been supported by Roemer as Senate president over Sydney B. Nelson of Shreveport, who had been politicking behind the scenes for months for the position.
After two years, senators removed Bares from the position and returned previous president Sammy Nunez of Chalmette in St. Bernard Parish, it was seen as a striking rebuke to Roemer.
State Representative Woody Jenkins of Baton Rouge, one of the leading abortion foes in the legislature, said the prohibition regarding rape and incest is needed to prevent women from filing false claims in such matters.
State Senator Sydney Nelson said that he opposed the abortion ban because of the problems of unwanted children and defective births.
Staffers were asked to wear rubber bands on their wrists and were told to snap a band whenever they had negative thoughts.
Earlier, in 1989, Roemer had separated from his second wife, the former Patti Crocker, with the divorce final in 1990, after seventeen years of marriage.
The second Mrs. Roemer is now Patti Crocker Marchiafava of Elkin, North Carolina; the couple had one child, Dakota Frost Roemer, a businessman in Baton Rouge, who in 2012 married the former Heather Rae Gatte, daughter of Nacis and Patty Gatte of Iota, Louisiana.
In 1991, with his support, the legislature legalized fifteen floating casinos throughout Louisiana and video poker at bars and truck stops throughout the state.
In March 1991, Roemer switched to the Republican Party just months before the state elections, apparently at the urging of Bush White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu.
The convention was held in New Orleans through the urging of longtime Louisiana Republican National Committeewoman Virginia Martinez, who had worked for Livingston in the previous campaign.
The convention, as expected, endorsed U.S. Representative Clyde C. Holloway, the favored candidate of the pro-life forces in the state, with whom Roemer was at odds at the time.
The 1991 gubernatorial contest included Roemer, Edwin Edwards, David Duke, and Eighth District Congressman Clyde Holloway of Forest Hill, who all ran in Louisiana's open primary.
One of the contributing factors to Roemer's defeat in the 1991 primary was a last-minute advertising barrage by Marine Shale owner Jack Kent.
Immediately after leaving office as governor, Roemer taught a course in economics for the spring semester 1992 at his alma mater, Harvard.
After the 1991 election cycle concluded, Roemer teamed up with a long-time friend, Joseph Traigle, to form The Sterling Group, Inc.
Having been squeezed out in 1991 between Edwards and Duke, Roemer chose to run on a much more conservative platform in 1995, emphasizing an anti-crime and anti-welfare stance.
Roemer held a wide lead for much of the campaign, but faded in the days before the primary election as State Senator Mike Foster, who switched affiliation from Democratic to Republican during the campaign, took conservative votes away from Roemer.
As a result, Roemer finished fourth with 18 percent of the vote, two percentage points from making the runoff, called the general election in Louisiana.
Roemer passed on the race, and Republican U.S. Representative David Vitter of Louisiana's 1st congressional district, which includes suburban New Orleans, was elected to succeed Breaux.
Vitter represented the house district held from 1977 to 1999 by Republican Bob Livingston, one of Roemer's gubernatorial rivals in 1987.
He formed a company that built retirement housing for retirees near universities, with alumni from each university being the target buyers.
He also founded Business First Bank, based in Baton Rouge, of which he is the current President and CEO, and his daughter-in-law, Heather, is the assistant vice president of human resources.
The state's horrible financial condition when he took office, his dependence on an inexperienced and sometimes rashly immature staff in his first year or so, an overly-ambitious legislative agenda and his own unpredictable dealings with individual legislators all contributed to the failures he suffered.
In April 2014, Roemer became a partner at The Young Turks, an online progressive news network founded and run by Cenk Uygur.
According to Uygur, the two met and bonded over their shared support of campaign finance reform, an issue that both Uygur and Roemer support and have spoken about extensively for many years.
According to their investment agreement, Roemer's firm is granted a seat on The Young Turks' advisory board, but does not enjoy editorial or content control.
In January 2011, Roemer told Baton Rouge television station WAFB that he was considering a bid for the U.S. presidency in 2012.
On July 21, 2011 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, Roemer announced his entry as a candidate for the Republican nomination for President.
On March 3, 2011, Roemer announced the formation of an exploratory committee to prepare for a possible run for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Republican Party.
Pledging to limit campaign contributions to $100 per individual, Roemer appeared as one of five candidates at a 2011 March forum in Iowa sponsored by the Faith and Freedom Coalition.
But he was not invited to any of the Republican debates because he failed to meet the 7 percent minimum criterion for popularity in polls.
He was not even included as an option in several polls until the 2012 Iowa Caucus and the 2012 New Hampshire primary in early January.
This difference in campaign fundraising may be attributed to the fact that Roemer limited donations to $100 per U.S. citizen, and denied all PAC, Super PAC, and corporate donations.
Though he had talked of leaving the Republican Party to become an Independent after his presidential bid failed, the Louisiana secretary of state's office reports as of October 24, 2013, and again on February 1, 2016 that Roemer remains a registered Republican in East Baton Rouge Parish.
Bethune was known for ensuring that he received some time as a pilot when taking delivery of a new Continental Airlines Boeing 767 from Boeing and repositioning it from Seattle to Houston.
Bethune was born in San Antonio, Texas to Pearl Elley and Jack Bethune, who was serving in the U.S. Army at that time.
Bethune grew up in Austin, Texas and spent summers with his father, who owned an aerial crop dusting company in Hernando, Mississippi.
He rose to the rank of chief petty officer, chief warrant officer, and over time received his commission as a Lieutenant.
Bethune served as vice president and general manager of The Boeing Company's Customer Services Division and later the Renton Division where he was responsible for the production of the B737 and B757 airplanes.
Following his career with Continental, Bethune went on to serve as the non-executive chairman of the board for the former Aloha Airlines.
Additionally, he was recognized as one of the Top 25 Global Managers, BusinessWeek, 1996; Laureate in Aviation Trophy, National Air and Space Museum, 1997; 25 Most Influential Executives, Business Travel News, 1998, 2000; 50 Best CEOs in America, Worth, 2001, 2002, 2003; Airline Person of the Year, Travel Agent, 2001.
It can be distinguished from kwashiorkor in that kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake whereas marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein.
This clear-cut separation of marasmus and kwashiorkor is however not always clinically evident as kwashiorkor is often seen in a context of insufficient caloric intake, and mixed clinical pictures, called marasmic kwashiorkor, are possible.
Protein wasting in kwashiorkor generally leads to edema and ascites, while muscular wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat are the main clinical signs of marasmus.
The prognosis is better than it is for kwashiorkor but half of severely malnourished children die due to unavailability of adequate treatment.
Both the causes and complications of the disorder must be treated, including infections, dehydration, and circulation disorders, which are frequently lethal and lead to high mortality if ignored.
Prevalence is higher in hospitalized children, especially ones with chronic illnesses, however an exact incidence of nonfatal marasmus is not known.
There are multiple forms of malnutrition and roughly 1/3 of the world’s population is currently experiencing one or more of them.
It is estimated that the prevalence of acute malnutrition in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States to be 6.1-14%.
Marasmus is more commonly seen in children under the age of 5 due to that age range being characterized as one that has an increase in energy need and susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections.
There exists screening tools and tests that can be used to help identify signs and symptoms of malnutrition in older adults.
The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) is a validated malnutrition screening tool that is primarily used in the residential aged care facility or for adults in the inpatient/outpatient hospital setting.
Roberts Scott Blossom was born on March 25, 1924, in New Haven, Connecticut, to John Blossom, an athletic director at Yale University.
He attended Hawken School and graduated from Asheville School in 1941 and attended Harvard University for a year until he joined the United States Army and served in World War II in Europe.
He began directing and acting in productions at Karamu House and the Candlelight Theater in Cleveland and later moved to New York City, where he supported himself by bundling feathers for hats and he practiced a disputed therapy called Dianetics.
The documentary also featured his children Debbie and Michael, his first wife Beverly, and Ed Asner, Peter Brook and Robert Frank.
Blossom was formerly married to Beverly Schmidt Blossom, with whom he had a son, Michael, and who died on November 1, 2014 of cancer.
He was later married to Marylin Orshan Blossom until her death in 1982, with whom he had a daughter, Deborah Blossom.
Bolten served as the White House Chief of Staff to U.S. President George W. Bush, replacing Andrew Card on April 14, 2006.
Bolten attended Princeton University, where he studied in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and served as class president and president of The Ivy Club.
Formerly the Director of Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Bolten was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to that position in 2003.
He previously served as policy director for the 2000 George W. Bush presidential campaign from 1999 to 2000 and as Executive Director for Legal and Government Affairs at Goldman Sachs in London from 1994 to 1999.
He was general counsel to the Office of the United States Trade Representative for three years and Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs for one year during the administration of George H. W. Bush.
Bolten was the second Jew appointed as White House Chief of Staff (Ken Duberstein, who held that post during the Reagan Administration, was the first, and Rahm Emanuel, who held the post in the Obama administration, was the third).
Bolten was named as White House Chief of Staff to smooth relations with the United States Congress, and to reinvigorate the West Wing staff.
He is credited with having assisted the President in recruiting Henry Paulson—then-CEO of Goldman Sachs—to serve as Treasury Secretary, based on his former employment at the firm.
In addition, he recruited Tony Snow to work as White House Press Secretary, offered Rob Portman the opportunity to succeed him as OMB Director, and brought his OMB deputy Joel Kaplan into the White House as Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy.
Visiting Professor at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School in September 2009, teaching classes on the federal budget and international trade and financial regulation.
In March 2010, Bolten was appointed a member of the board and co-chair of the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, which has raised $36 million to date for immediate earthquake relief and long-term recovery efforts in the Caribbean country.
In July 2011, Bolten co-founded Rock Creek Global Advisors, an international economic and regulatory policy consulting firm, where he served as managing director until 2017.
In January 2017, Bolten was named president and CEO of the Business Roundtable, an organization of the chief executives of some of the biggest U.S. businesses.
Kamsky reached the final of the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 at the age of 22, and reached a ranking of fourth in the world rankings in 1995.
In 1989 he moved to the United States with his father Röstäm (also spelled Rustam), a former boxer who dominated Gata, made him study chess almost exclusively and acted as his coach and manager.
In 1989, Gata Kamsky won a tournament in New York to earn the right to challenge Garry Kasparov to a two-game match; he lost that match later that year 0–2.
In 1990, while aged 16 and still untitled, he played in the 64-player Interzonal tournament in Manila, the first step towards the World Chess Championship.
Kamsky then scored 2½–½ in the remaining three games to tie the match 4–4 (+2=4−2), then won the two rapid chess playoff games to win the match.
In 1996, Kamsky played a 20-game match against Anatoly Karpov for the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 title at Elista in Kalmykia, losing 7½–10½ (+3=9−6).
Kamsky's next rated games after his loss to Karpov were in 1999, when he returned to play in the FIDE Knockout World Championship event in Las Vegas, where he played a first-round, two-game match against the eventual tournament winner, Alexander Khalifman.
The first sighting of Kamsky after that came in March 2004 when ChessBase reported that Sam Sloan had spoken to him.
Kamsky did not play another game in public until June 15, 2004, when he participated in the 106th New York Masters, playing four games in a day with a time control of 30 minutes for all his moves.
He subsequently played in several other editions of the weekly event with mixed success, before returning to regular chess in the 2005 U.S. Championship held in November–December 2004 where he scored a respectable but unspectacular 5½–3½.
He retained this rating on the July 2005 list, but moved up to number 18, after a good unbeaten result at the 2005 HB Global Challenge tournament, held in Minneapolis in May, 2005.
On July 4, 2006, he tied for first place with nine others at the Philadelphia World Open, then won the play-off, winning about $7,000.
A number of successes in 2007 marked his return to the playing level he had before his retirement, hinting at the possibility of becoming again a challenger for the very top of the world's chess hierarchy.
Kamsky played in the FIDE Chess World Cup 2005, and qualified for the Candidates Tournament for the World Chess Championship 2007, in May–June 2007.
He won his first round match against Étienne Bacrot (+3−0=1), but was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Boris Gelfand +0−2=3.
Seeded 11th, he won his first three rounds and then defeated Peter Svidler, former FIDE world champion Ruslan Ponomariov and future world number-one Magnus Carlsen to reach the finals.
Kamsky's victory earned him a match against world number-one Veselin Topalov in 2009 for the right to challenge for the World Chess Championship 2010 against world champion Viswanathan Anand.
Although Kamsky won game four to level the match 2–2, Topalov scored +2 in the final 3 games (including an exciting last round victory on the White side of the French Defense) to win the match 4½–2½.
In January 2010 Kamsky won the 52nd Reggio Emilia chess tournament (he came equal first with Zoltán Almási, defeating him in the last round, but had a better Buchholz tiebreak).
In August 2010, Kamsky won clear first at the Open Grenke Rapid World Championship (Mainz Chess Classic), a Rapid Chess tournament, with 10/11, defeating world No.
5 and defending champion Levon Aronian, 2004 FIDE champion Rustam Kasimdzhanov, and Sergey Karjakin en route to the title ahead of Grischuk, Shirov and several other strong Grandmasters.
He won the tournament for the second consecutive year, becoming the first player since Lev Alburt in 1985 to win consecutive U.S. Championships; the title was his third career United States Championship.
As a finalist of the 2010 world championship cycle, Kamsky was given direct entry to the eight player Candidates Tournament to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2012.
The candidates tournament began with best-of-four game match format in May 2011 in Kazan, with Kamsky facing Veselin Topalov in the quarterfinals.
With a win on the Black side of the Gruenfeld defense in the second game, Kamsky held on to defeat the top-seeded Topalov 2½–1½ to advance to the semifinals.
In the semifinals, he faced the 2009 Chess World Cup champion Boris Gelfand in a rematch of their 2007 Candidates tournament meeting won by Gelfand.
In the rapid tiebreaks, Kamsky won game 3 with black to take a 2–1 lead and needed only a draw with white in the final rapid game to advance to the final.
However, Gelfand won with black to force a blitz playoff, which he won 2–0 to eliminate Kamsky and reach the Candidates final.
In the round-robin stage, he drew Nakamura with black and then defeated Onischuk on the White side of the Ruy Lopez.
It is one of the city's most prominent nightlife and entertainment districts and is the center of the city's LGBT and counterculture communities.
Other significant streets are 10th, 12th, 15th, and 19th Avenues, all running north–south, and E. Pine, E. Pike, E. John, E. Thomas, and E. Aloha Streets and E. Olive Way, running east–west.
Of these streets, large portions of E. Pike Street, E. Pine Street, Broadway, 15th Avenue, and E. Olive Way are lined almost continuously with street-level retail.
The Pike-Pine corridor (the area between Pike and Pine street from Boren Avenue through 15th Street is another main thoroughfare of the neighborhood, full of coffeeshops, bars, restaurants, and other food or music related businesses.
James A. Moore, the real estate developer who platted much of the area, reportedly named it in the hope that the Washington state capitol would move to Seattle from Olympia.
Due to its one-time large Roman Catholic population, Capitol Hill was frequently referred to as Catholic Hill up until the 1980s.
Capitol Hill also has many distinguished apartment houses, including several by Fred Anhalt, as well as a few surviving Classical Revival complexes such as the Blackstone Apartments.
Since 1997, Capitol Hill has hosted the Capitol Hill Block Party annually in late July, an outdoor music festival that occurs on Pike Street between Broadway and 12th Ave and Union and Pine Street.
Bus transit service to and within Capitol Hill is provided by King County Metro, including electric trolleybus routes 10, 12, 43 and 49 of the Seattle trolleybus system.
A large 3-building development is currently under construction above the light rail station, with construction estimated to be complete in 2020.
The zoning exception was made by the City Council in exchange for an increase above the typical minimum percentage of affordable housing units.
Capitol Hill has a reputation as a bastion of musical culture in Seattle and is the neighborhood most closely associated with the grunge scene from the early 1990s, although most of the best-known music venues of that era were actually located slightly outside the neighborhood.
The music scene has transformed since those days and now a variety of genres (electronica, rock, punk, folk, salsa, hip hop and trance) are represented.
Most of the Hill's major thoroughfares are dotted with coffeehouses, taverns and bars, and residences cover the gamut from modest motel-like studio apartment buildings to some of the city's most historic mansions, with the two types sometimes shoulder-to-shoulder.
Capitol Hill is also home to two of the city's best-known movie theaters, both of which are part of the Landmark Theatres chain.
Both theaters are architectural conversions of private meeting halls: the Harvard Exit (now closed permanently) in the former home of the Woman's Century Club (converted in the early 1970s) and the Egyptian Theatre, in a former Masonic lodge (converted in the mid-1980s).
There is also Seattle's only cinematheque, the Northwest Film Forum, which in addition to screening films, teaches classes on filmmaking and produces film alongside Seattle's burgeoning filmmaking community.
The Broadway Performance Hall, located on the campus of Seattle Central College (SCC), also hosts a variety of lectures, performances, and films.
These theaters respectively host showings for the Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF) and the Seattle Lesbian & Gay Film Festival every year.
Besides the large Seattle-based chains—Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee (now owned by Starbucks), and Tully's Coffee—Capitol Hill has been home to some of the city's most prominent locally owned coffeehouses.
The neighborhood is considered a test market for coffee houses by Starbucks Corporation, which placed two stealth Starbucks stores on Capitol Hill in 2009 and 2011.
Registered Historic Places on Capitol Hill include the Harvard-Belmont Landmark District, in which is located the original building of the Cornish College of the Arts; Volunteer Park, in which are the Seattle Asian Art Museum and Volunteer Park Conservatory; and The Northwest School.
In addition to Volunteer Park, parks on the Hill include the exquisite fountain and lawn themed Cal Anderson Park, Louisa Boren Park, Interlaken Park, Roanoke Park, and Thomas Street Park.
Lake View Cemetery, containing the graves of Bruce Lee and his son Brandon Lee, lies directly north of Volunteer Park, and the Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery north of it in turn.
Also on the Hill are The Northwest School, Seattle Academy of Arts and Sciences, Hamlin Robinson School, St. Joseph School, Holy Names Academy, Seattle Hebrew Academy, Seattle Preparatory School, Seattle University, Seattle Central Community College, and St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral.
The First African Methodist Episcopal Church was originally incorporated in 1891 as the Jones Street Church (when 14th Avenue was called Jones Street).
The First Methodist Protestant Church of Seattle, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was remodeled and is now occupied by a design and marketing firm.
Temple De Hirsch Sinai, whose Alhadeff Sanctuary was designed by B. Marcus Priteca, among others, is just south of Madison Street, placing it technically in the Central District.
Born in Southport, Lancashire (now Merseyside), England, she emigrated to Canada on August 26, 1948 with her mother Edna, her father Harry and younger brother Gary.
Burroughs started acting in live theatre at Ontario's famous Stratford Festival, including starring as Portia in The Merchant of Venice in 1976.
In 2001, she was awarded the Earle Grey Award for her contributions to arts and entertainment over the years by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television.
In 2005, Burroughs received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts.
Like most of her sister ships, she saw extensive action during the Guadalcanal campaign, including the Battle of Cape Esperance and the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, during which she was heavily damaged and her captain and admiral killed.
Her bridge wings, damaged during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal and removed during repairs, are now mounted on a promontory in Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Originally classified as a light cruiser before she was laid down due to her thin armor, she was reclassified as a heavy cruiser because of her 8-inch guns.
After an extensive shakedown cruise – which included operations off Mexico, in Hawaiian waters, off Washington and British Columbia, and a voyage to the Panama Canal Zone — the cruiser returned to the Mare Island Navy Yard.
A few weeks later, she was back off the northwest coast for fleet tactics, and in July, she steamed farther north to Alaska.
In August, she returned to California and, through the end of 1938, San Francisco continued to range the eastern Pacific, cruising from the state of Washington to Peru and from California to Hawaii.
In January 1939, she departed the west coast to participate in Fleet Problem XX, conducted in the Atlantic east of the Lesser Antilles.
Departing Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in early April, she called at ports on the east coast of that continent, moved through the Strait of Magellan and visited west coast ports, then in early June, transited the Panama Canal to complete her voyage around the continent.
The cruiser carried freight and passengers to San Juan, Puerto Rico, thence sailed for a patrol of the West Indies as far south as Trinidad.
On 14 October, she completed her patrol back at San Juan and headed for Norfolk, where she remained into January 1940.
On 11 January, she headed for Guantanamo Bay, where she was relieved as flagship by , where she returned to the Pacific.
Transiting the Panama Canal in late February, she called at San Pedro and, in March, continued on to her new home port, Pearl Harbor, where she rejoined CruDiv 6.
In May 1940, she steamed northwest to the Puget Sound Navy Yard for an overhaul, during which she also received four guns.
In early May 1941, she became flagship of CruDiv 6; and, at the end of July, she moved east for a cruise to Long Beach, California, returning to Hawaii on 27 August.
At 0755, Japanese planes began bombing dives on Ford Island, and by 0800, the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was well underway.
On 14 December, the cruiser left the yard; the scaling of her keel had been postponed in favor of more necessary repairs on other ships.
However, when Wake Island fell to the Japanese on 23 December, TF 14 was diverted to Midway Atoll which it reinforced.
In TF 8, she steamed toward Samoa to rendezvous with, and cover the off-loading of, transports carrying reinforcements to Tutuila, Samoa.
On the 10th, she rejoined CruDiv 6, then in TF 11, and she set a course for an area northeast of the Solomon Islands to strike Rabaul.
During the next few days, TF 11 – centered around — conducted operations in the South Pacific Area, then headed for New Guinea to participate with TF 17 in a raid against Japanese shipping and installations.
A. Thomas, and the radioman, O. J. Gannan, had headed for Australia, sailing the plane backwards as it tended to head into the prevailing east wind.
In five days and 21 hours, they had covered approximately 385 miles (715 km) on a course within 5 degrees of that intended.
At the end of May, she headed west, escorting convoy PW 2076, made up of transports carrying the 37th Army Division, destined for Suva, and special troops bound for Australia.
On 11 October, at about 1615, the ships commenced a run northward from Rennel Island, to intercept an enemy force of two cruisers and six destroyers reported heading for Guadalcanal from the Buin-Faisi, Bougainville Island area.
By 2330, when the warships were approximately northwest of Savo Island, they turned to make a further search of the area.
Then, the battle was reopened and continued until 0020 on 12 October, when surviving Japanese ships retired toward the Shortland Islands.
On 31 October 1942, the newly designated TF 65 departed from Espiritu Santo, the ships again headed into the Solomon Islands to cover troop landings on Guadalcanal.
At the same time, she became the target of off her starboard bow and of a destroyer which had crossed her bow and was passing down her port side.
A direct hit on the navigation bridge killed or badly wounded all officers, except for the communications officer, Lieutenant Commander Bruce McCandless.
For her participation in the action of the morning of the 13th, and for that of the night of 11–12 October, she received the Presidential Unit Citation.
Her forward superstructure was remodeled, with the bridge wings cut back, and most of the bridge windows either plated over or replaced by portholes.
A large open bridge was built out at the 02 level, and modern SG surface search radar and air search radars added.
She then headed north to the Aleutian Islands to join the North Pacific Force, TF 16, and reached Alaska toward the end of the month.
She patrolled the western approaches to the area; participated in the assault and occupation of Attu in May and of Kiska in July; and performed escort duties.
On 29 January, the division, screened by destroyers, left the formation and moved against Japanese installations on Maloelap to neutralize them during the conquest of Kwajalein.
On 8 February, the cruiser sailed for Majuro, whence she would operate as a unit of TF 58, the fast carrier task force.
On 20 March, the group returned to Majuro, refueled, and departed again on 22 March to move against the Western Carolines.
On 14 June, she commenced two days of shelling Tinian, and after the landings on Saipan shifted to fire support duties.
From 18–20 July, she shelled enemy positions, supported beach demolition units, and provided night harassing and defense repair interdiction in the Agat and Faci Point areas.
On 31 October, she steamed west again, and on 21 November arrived at Ulithi, where she resumed flagship duties for CruDiv 6.
The force then headed for the Bashi Channel and a five-day, high-speed strike against enemy surface units in the South China Sea and against installations along the coast of Indochina.
On 15–16 January, the Hong Kong-Amoy-Swatow area was hit, and on 20 January, the force passed through Luzon Strait to resume operations against Formosa.
On 22 January, strikes were launched against the Ryukyu Islands, and the next day, the force headed for the Western Carolines.
On 18 February, the force moved toward the Volcano and Bonin Islands, and on 19 February, covering operations for the Iwo Jima assault began.
That night, she retired and the next morning moved back in to support the landings and supply counter battery fire on Aka, Keruma, Zamami, and Yakabi Islands.
On that day, she took up station in fire support sector 5, west of Naha, and, for the next five days, shelled enemy emplacements, caves, pillboxes, road junctions, and tanks, truck, and troop concentrations.
The next day, she returned to Kerama Retto, there proceeding to Okinawa and operations with TF 54 in the transport area.
On 20 May, she shifted to Kutaka Shima, and by the night of 22 May, she had depleted her supply of ammunition for her main batteries.
On 30 May, the cruiser returned to the western side of Okinawa and, for the next two weeks, supported operations of the 1st and 6th Marine Divisions.
Her guns fired 11,022 203mm shells, 24,191 127mm shells, 70,243 40mm shells and 73,904 20mm shells and her crew suffered 267 combat casualties.
The crew consumed 3,983,712 kg of edible provisions, ate 332,937 kg of beef, ate 925,328 kg of potatoes, ate 5,760,000 slices of bread and smoked 1,838,780 packs of cigarettes.
After a show of force in the Yellow Sea and Gulf of Pohai areas, she covered minesweeping operations, and on 8 October anchored at Inchon, Korea.
From 13–16 October, she participated in another show of force operation in the Gulf of Pohai area, then returned to Inchon, where Rear Admiral Jerauld Wright, Commander, CruDiv 6, acted as senior member of the committee for the surrender of Japanese naval forces in Korea.
Arriving at San Francisco in mid-December, she continued on to the east coast on 5 January 1946, and arrived at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for inactivation on 19 January.
Decommissioned on 10 February, she was berthed with the Philadelphia Group of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until 1 March 1959, when her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.
On 9 September, she was sold to the Union Mineral and Alloys Corp., New York, and scrapped at Panama City, Florida in 1961.
The bridge wings were removed as part of that repair, and are now part of a memorial to the ship on a promontory in Lands End, San Francisco at Golden Gate National Recreation Area overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
For the same action, three members of her crew were awarded the Medal of Honor: Lieutenant Commander Herbert E. Schonland, Lieutenant Commander Bruce McCandless, and Boatswain's Mate 1st Class Reinhardt J. Keppler (posthumous).
Capellas served as chairman and CEO of First Data Corporation, acting CEO of Serena Software, chairman and CEO of Compaq Computer Corporation until its merger with Hewlett-Packard where he became president of the post-merger company briefly, and president and CEO of WorldCom (later MCI) where he led its merger with Verizon.
Capellas claims that he inherited a gritty determination from his father, a Greek citizen who fought with the Greek Army against the Germans in Italy in World War II.
The two married in 1979, and for the next 20 years they traveled around the world as Capellas climbed the ranks of each company he joined.
In 1999, when president and chief executive officer (CEO) Eckhard Pfeiffer was forced to resign after a boardroom coup led by chairman Benjamin M. Rosen, Rosen took on the capacity of interim CEO while Capellas was elevated to COO.
As chairman and CEO of Compaq between 1999 and 2001, Capellas helped repair the relationship between Microsoft and Compaq, which had eroded over the years.
In 2001, Capellas led Compaq into an acquisition by Hewlett-Packard, but the deal was delayed for eight months because of a proxy and boardroom battle within HP.
Finally, on May 3, 2002, Hewlett-Packard announced approval of the acquisition and Capellas became president of the post-merger Hewlett-Packard, under CEO Carly Fiorina, to ease the integration of the two companies.
However, Capellas was reported not to be happy with his role, being said not to be utilized and being unlikely to become CEO as the board supported Fiorina.
His former role of president was not filled as the executives who reported to him then reported directly to the CEO.
He led a successful restructuring of the organization, one of the largest in corporate history, and stepped down as CEO after MCI's merger with Verizon in 2006.
In December 2006, Capellas was appointed acting CEO of Serena Software, selected by Silver Lake Partners, the company that took Serena private in March 2006 and where Capellas served as a senior advisor.
The position was to become effective upon the completion of the leveraged buyout (LBO) of First Data by private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.
In 2010 it was announced he would be chairman and CEO of VCE, a joint venture of Cisco Systems and EMC Corporation with investment from Intel and VMware that specializes in cloud computing.
Capellas is on the board of directors for Cisco, and was on the national board of the Boys and Girls Clubs of America.
Pedro Francisco Carmona Estanga (born 6 July 1941), is a former Venezuelan business leader who was briefly installed as President of Venezuela in place of Hugo Chávez, following the attempted military coup in April 2002.
An economist educated at Andrés Bello Catholic University in Caracas and in Belgium, he headed a large petrochemical company, Venoco, that processes automotive oils.
On April 11, 2002, following clashes between both supporters and opponents of Chávez, Lucas Rincón, commander-in-chief of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, announced in a nationwide broadcast that Chávez had tendered his resignation from the presidency.
While Chávez was brought to a military base and held there, military leaders appointed Carmona as the transitional President of Venezuela.
In the face of crowds of Chávez supporters taking to the streets and under pressure from some quarters of the military, Chávez was restored to office.
Additionally, security forces conducted raids without warrants and took some Chávez supporters into custody illegally, including National Assembly deputy Tarek William Saab, a member of the Chávez-aligned MVR, who was taken into protective custody by security forces after a large crowd had gathered around his home, threatening him and his family.
After the coup, Carmona was placed under house arrest, but he was able to gain asylum in the Colombian embassy after an anti-Chávez protest drew away his security detail.
According to some sources, Colin Powell held at least one meeting with the exiled Carmona in Bogotá in December 2002 during the Venezuelan general strike of 2002–03.
There were strong opposition within the United States Department of State that using Carmona was not in the interest of US policy.
Big opponents were the Latin American desk that oversaw Venezuela, which included Stephen Richardson, head of delegate, Frank Lapel, Economic Geologist and Alexander Salvi, Economic Analyst.
Three future Avalanches members formed Alarm 115 in Melbourne in 1994 as a noise punk outfit inspired by Drive Like Jehu, The Fall, and Ultra Bide.
The line-up was Robbie Chater on keyboards, Tony Di Blasi on keyboards, bass and backing vocals, and Darren Seltmann on vocals.
In 1997 a new group consisting of Chater, Di Blasi, Seltmann, and Gordon McQuilten on keyboards was assembled to play the tracks live.
Starting in July, their first four shows were played under different names: Swinging Monkey Cocks, Quentin's Brittle Bones, and Whoops Downs Syndrome.
James Dela Cruz was added to the live line-up on turntables and keyboards, and made his debut with the band at The Palace, St Kilda, supporting Public Enemy.
The band's official Facebook page was later updated in 2015, listing James Dela Cruz as a member of the band once again.
In April 2016, the Avalanches added new images of a gold butterfly on black cloth to their social media accounts and official website.
On 24 May, the group posted a video poking fun at their long hiatus since their last album and the continuous speculation of a follow-up release.
Seltmann broke his ankle during the band's Electric Ballroom show in London, while Dela Cruz suffered a concussion on-stage at the V2001 festival.
Brains was a monthly club-night held outdoors behind the tiny Melbourne bar St Jeromes', and featured regular DJ sets from the Avalanches' Chater, Seltmann and Di Blasi.
Their Brains' performances were usually soca-inspired DJ sets, but included anything from the Highlife guitar music of West Africa to unusual re-edits of 1980s acid house tracks, and sometimes new Avalanches material.
Far from a typical world music DJ set, the Brains' nights were extremely loud and celebratory, with people overflowing into Caledonian Lane, the band bringing in a special P.A.
The Brains' experience toured Australia in early 2005, and spilled over into the band's DJ sets at that year's St Jerome's Laneway Festival and Meredith Music Festival.
The Avalanches continued DJing at Australian festivals such as Golden Plains and Splendour in the Grass throughout 2006 and into 2007, although these sets were a return to a heavier, club sound and markedly different from the previous Brains' DJ sets.
Their live setup feature Chater on bass and Di Blasi on turntables, alongside guest musicians Paris Jeffree on drums, Spank Rock as MC, and Eliza Wolfgramm on vocals.
Playing outdoors at the Sydney Opera House, The Avalanches headlined and were joined by 'special guests' DJ Shadow, Briggs, Sampa the Great, Jonti and DJ JNETT.
It is a remake of the 1933 film of the same name about a giant ape that is captured and taken to New York City for exhibition.
Fred Wilson, an executive of the Petrox Oil Company, forms an expedition based on infrared imagery which reveals a previously undiscovered Indian Ocean island hidden by a permanent cloud bank.
Wilson believes that the island holds vast untapped deposits of oil, a potential fortune which he is determined to secure for Petrox.
Prescott reveals himself when he warns the crew that the cloud bank may be caused by some unknown, and potentially dangerous, phenomenon.
While being escorted to lock-up, Prescott spots a life raft which, upon inspection, is found to be carrying a young woman who is unconscious.
After conducting a thorough background check on the 'spy', Wilson realizes that he is telling the truth and appoints Prescott as the expedition's official photographer, requesting that, due to his medical training, he be present when the woman revives.
When she does regain consciousness, she says her name is Dwan, and states that she is an aspiring actress who was aboard a director's yacht, which suddenly and inexplicably exploded.
The tribal chief shows an immediate interest in the blonde Dwan, offering to trade several of the native women for her, an offer firmly rejected by Jack.
The team then learn that while the island does indeed contain large deposits of oil, it is of such low quality that it is unusable.
Later that night, the natives secretly board the ship and kidnap Dwan, drugging her and offering her as a sacrifice to a giant, monstrous ape known as Kong.
Although he is an awesome and terrifying sight, the kind-hearted Kong quickly becomes infatuated by Dwan, whose rambling monologue both calms and fascinates the great ape, taming his baser, more violent instincts.
After Dwan falls into mud, Kong takes her to a waterfall to wash her up and dries her with great gusts of his warm breath.
Enraged by the intrusion into his territory, Kong starts to roll the huge log, sending Carnahan and all but one of the team plummeting to their deaths, leaving Jack and Crewman Boan as the only surviving ones alive.
Meanwhile, Kong takes Dwan to his lair, but as he starts to undress her, a giant boa constrictor appears and attacks them.
When Kong discovers Jack and Dwan escaping, he violently kills the snake and chases them through the jungle back to the native village.
Smashing down the huge gates, Kong falls into a pit trap that Wilson and the crew have dug, where he is overwhelmed by chloroform.
After learning that the oil cannot be refined, Wilson has instead decided to salvage the expedition by transporting the captive Kong to America as a promotional gimmick for Petrox.
When they finally reach New York City, Kong is put on display, bound in chains with a large cage around his body from the neck down and a large crown on his head.
When Kong sees a group of reporters pushing and shoving Dwan for interviews, the ape, thinking that she is being provoked, breaks free of his bonds.
A stampede ensues as panic engulfs the throng, with people crushed and trampled by Kong's massive feet as he walks through the crowd searching for Dwan.
Jack and Dwan flee across the Queensboro Bridge to Manhattan and take refuge in an abandoned bar, where Jack notices a similarity between the Manhattan skyline (notably the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center) and the mountainous terrain of Kong's island.
He runs downstairs to call the mayor's office and agrees to tell them on the condition that Kong is captured alive.
When the mayor's office agrees, Jack tells them to let Kong climb to the top of the World Trade Center, where he can be safely captured.
Before Jack can return, Kong, using his enhanced senses, discovers Dwan and snatches her from the bar before making his way to the World Trade Center with Jack and the National Guard catching up in pursuit.
Kong climbs to the roof of the South Tower of the World Trade Center, where he is attacked by soldiers armed with flamethrowers, much to Jack's dismay.
He rips off pieces of equipment from the roof and throws them at the soldiers, killing them when he throws a tank of flammable material.
Dwan desperately pleads for the military to break off their assault and let Kong live, but the pilots only continue to attack the giant ape.
As Dwan approaches the wounded Kong and puts out her hand to touch him, he rolls over the edge of the roof to his death, finally crashing to the plaza hundreds of feet below.
Dwan rushes down to comfort Kong and tearfully watches him as the giant ape takes his last breath and dies peacefully.
An enormous crowd gathers around Dwan and Kong's corpse while Jack fights his way through the crowd to get to Dwan.
In December 1974, Michael Eisner, then an executive for ABC, watched the original film on television and struck on the idea for a remake.
He pitched the idea to Barry Diller, the chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures, who then enlisted veteran producer Dino De Laurentiis to work on the project.
Diller and De Laurentiis provisionally agreed that Paramount would pay half of the film's proposed $12 million budget in return for the distribution rights in the United States and Canada if the former could purchase the film rights of the original film.
De Laurentiis later contacted his friend Thomas F. O'Neil, president of General Tire and RKO-General, who informed him that the film rights were indeed available.
Later, De Laurentiis and company executive Frederic Sidewater entered formal negotiations with Daniel O'Shea, a semi-retired attorney for RKO-General, who requested a percentage of the film's gross.
After finalizing the agreement with Paramount, De Laurentiis and Sidewater began meeting with foreign distributors and set the film's release for Christmas 1976.
During their collaboration on the project, De Laurentiis already had two ideas in mind—that the film would set in present day and the climax would set on top of the newly constructed World Trade Center.
Because of the risen sophistication in audiences' tastes since the original film, Semple sought to maintain a realistic tone, but infuse the script with a sly, ironic sense of humor that the audiences could laugh at.
Having settled on the mood, Semple retained the basic plotline and set pieces from the original film, but updated and reworked other elements of the story.
Inspired by the then-ongoing energy crisis and a suggestion from his friend Jerry Brick, Semple changed the expedition to being mounted by Petrox Corporation, a giant petroleum conglomerate whom suspected that Kong's island has unrefined oil reserves.
In its original story outline, Petrox would discover Kong's island from a map hidden in the secret archives at the Vatican Library.
The reasons for the dropped subplot was due to the increased attention on Kong and Dwan's love story and financial reasons as De Laurentiis did not want to use stop-motion animation in the film.
It would later be replaced with Petrox discovering the island through obtained classified photos taken by a United States spy satellite.
Within a month, the 140-page first draft incorporated the character of Dwan (who according to the script was originally named Dawn until she switched the two middle letters to make it more memorable), the updated rendition of Ann Darrow from the 1933 film.
Meryl Streep has said that she was considered for the role of Dwan, but was deemed too unattractive by producer Dino De Laurentiis.
Guillermin, who was known to have had outbursts from time to time on the set, got into a public shouting match with executive producer Federico De Laurentiis (son of producer Dino De Laurentiis).
After the incident, De Laurentiis was reported to have threatened to fire Guillermin if he did not start treating the cast and crew better.
Rick Baker, who designed and wore the ape suit in collaboration with Carlo Rambaldi, was extremely disappointed in the final suit, which he felt was not at all convincing.
The only time that the collaboration of Baker and Rambaldi went smoothly was during the design of the mechanical Kong mask.
Baker's design and Rambaldi's cable work combined to give Kong's face a wide range of expression that was responsible for much of the film's emotional impact.
Shooting of this scene took place in the channel between Los Angeles and Catalina Island during the last week in January 1976.
On one of the nights of filming Kong's death at the World Trade Center, over 30,000 people showed up at the site to be extras for the scene.
Although the crowd was well behaved, the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (owner of the World Trade Center complex) became concerned that the weight of so many people would cause the plaza to collapse, and ordered the producers to shut down the filming.
Separate masks were necessary as there were too many cables and mechanics required for all the expressions to fit in one single mask.
Despite months of preparation, the final device proved to be impossible to operate convincingly, and is only seen in a series of brief shots totaling less than 15 seconds.
This album was released on CD, first as a bootleg by the Italian label Mask in 1998, and then as a legitimate, licensed release by Film Score Monthly in 2005.
With a bargain price set $150,000, Stane had negotiated an offer of $200,000 plus 5 percent of the film's net profit.
In contrast, De Laurentiis had offered $200,000 plus 3 percent of the film's gross—and 10 percent if the film recouped two and a half its negative cost.
In the wake of the agreement, Shane claimed that O'Shea had verbally accepted Universal's offer although no official paperwork was signed.
A few days later, Universal filed suit against De Laurentiis and RKO-General in Los Angeles Superior Court for $25 million on charges of breach of contract, fraud, and intentional interference with advantageous business relations.
Universal had claimed that their remake was based on the two-part serialization by Edgar Wallace and a novelization by Delos W. Lovelace adapted from the screenplay that had been published shortly before the film's release in 1933.
In September 1976, a federal judge ruled in favor of Universal that Lovelace's novelization had fallen into public domain which cleared the studio to produce a remake.
The film made $52 million in the United States and Canada and just over $90 million worldwide on a $24 million budget.
However, he was critical of the use of the World Trade Center instead of the Empire State Building during the climax, but he praised the performances by Bridges and Grodin and the special effects creation of Kong.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 53% based on 38 reviews with an average rating of 4.8/10.
They paid De Laurentiis $19.5 million for the rights to two showings over five years, which was the highest amount any network had ever paid for a film at that time.
Additionally, in order to obtain a lower, family-friendly TV rating, overtly violent or sexual scenes in the theatrical version were trimmed down or replaced with less explicit takes, and all swearing or potentially offensive language was removed.
Following the September 11 attacks, Paramount Home Video voluntarily recalled all retail DVD copies, and was later reissued with a different cover.
A 527-organization or 527 group is a type of U.S. tax-exempt organization organized under Section 527 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code ().
A 527 group is created primarily to influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates to federal, state or local public office.
The organizations must register with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), publicly disclose their donors and file periodic reports of contributions and expenditures.
Because they may not expressly advocate for specific candidates or coordinate with any candidate’s campaign, many 527s are used to raise money to spend on issue advocacy and voter mobilization.
Examples of 527s are Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, Texans for Truth, The Media Fund, America Coming Together, the Progress for America Voter Fund, and the Secretary of State Project.
Thus, organizations could run ads discussing candidates and issues without being subject to campaign finance restrictions, so long as they avoided such express advocacy.
Based on that decision, many persons urged the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to use its regulatory power to extend campaign finance laws to cover these groups.
The Commission held hearings in April 2004 to determine whether or not 527s should be regulated under campaign finance rules, but concluded that the law did not cover these independent 527 organizations unless they directly advocated the election or defeat of a candidate or engaged in broadcast advertising mentioning within the 30- and 60-day windows specified by Congress in the McCain-Feingold law.
Nevertheless, Federal Election Commission rulings after the 2004 election attempted to extend the reach of the law to advertisements which questioned a candidate's character and fitness for office off limits to 527s specifically.
A February 2010 poll from the Pew Research Center found that 68 percent of Americans disapprove of the Supreme Court's decision to allow corporations to make expenditures on behalf of candidates during elections.
An October 2010 Bloomberg poll found that 47 percent of Americans say they would be less likely to support a political candidate if his campaign was supported by advertising paid for by anonymous business groups.
According to the pollster, 41 percent said that it would not matter, and 9 percent said they would be more likely to back the candidate.
Although 527 organizations were in common use by the 1990s, in the wake of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, which limited the ability of political parties to raise money, 527s rose to much greater prominence and visibility.
Swift Boat was one such group, which ran controversial and highly effective ads critical of Massachusetts Democratic Party (United States) John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004.
On the liberal side, contributor George Soros contributed $23.7 million to 527s, and Peter Lewis of Progressive Insurance contributed another $23.2 million to 527s in 2004.
The heavy spending of key 527 groups to attack presidential candidates brought complaints to the Federal Elections Commission of illegal coordination between the groups and rival political campaigns.
In 2006 and 2007 the FEC fined a number of organizations, including MoveOn and Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, for violations arising from the 2004 campaign.
The FEC's rationale was that these groups had specifically advocated the election or defeat of candidates, thus making them subject to federal regulation and its limits on contributions to the organizations.
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
A total of $415,784,148 was spent by these organizations alone, $214,580,543 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups and $201,203,605 of which was spent by Democratic/liberal groups.
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
A total of $303,309,245 was spent by these organizations alone, $178,397,267 of which was spent by Democratic/liberal groups and $117,112,322 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups.
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
A total of $171,045,165 was spent by these organizations alone, $121,665,587 of which was spent by Democratic/liberal groups and $49,379,578 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups.
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
A total of $439,709,105 was spent by these organizations alone, $307,324,096 of which was spent by Democratic/liberal groups and $132,385,009 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups.
He was born in a Hindu family, with the birth name as Lehna, in the village of Harike (now Sarae Naga, near Muktsar) in northwest Indian subcontinent.
Instead of his own son, he chose a Vaishnava Hindu Amar Das as his successor and the third Guru of Sikhism.
Guru Angad was born in a village, with birth name of Lehna, to Hindu parents living in northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent called the Punjab region.
Before becoming a Sikh and his renaming as Angad, Lehna was a religious teacher and priest who performed services focussed on Durga (Devi Shaktism, the goddess tradition of Hinduism).
Bhai Lehna in his late 20s sought out Guru Nanak, became his disciple, and displayed deep and loyal service to his Guru for about six to seven years in Kartarpur.
Several stories in the Sikh tradition describe reasons why Bhai Lehna was chosen by Guru Nanak over his own sons as his successor.
One of these stories is about a jug which fell into mud, and Guru Nanak asked his sons to pick it up.
Then he asked Bhai Lehna, who however picked it out of the mud, washed it clean, and presented it to Guru Nanak full of water.
After the death of Guru Nanak on 22 September 1539, Guru Angad left Kartarpur for the village of Khadur Sahib (near Goindwal Sahib).
Post succession, at one point, very few Sikhs accepted Guru Angad as their leader and while the sons of Guru Nanak claimed to be the successors.
The second Mughal Emperor of India Humayun visited Guru Angad at around 1540 after Humayun lost the Battle of Kannauj, and thereby the Mughal throne to Sher Shah Suri.
According to Sikh hagiographies, when Humayun arrived in Gurdwara Mal Akhara Sahib at Khadur Sahib Guru Angad was sitting and teaching children.
Humayun lashed out but the Guru reminded him that the time when you needed to fight when you lost your throne you ran away and did not fight and now you want to attack a person engaged in prayer.
In the Sikh texts written more than a century after the event, Guru Angad is said to have blessed the emperor, and reassured him that someday he will regain the throne.
Before his death, Guru Angad, following the example set by Guru Nanak, nominated Guru Amar Das as his successor (The Third Nanak).
Before he converted to Sikhism, Amar Das had been a religious Hindu (Vaishnava, Vishnu focussed), reputed to have gone on some twenty pilgrimages into the Himalayas, to Haridwar on river Ganges.
On his return, he heard Bibi Amro, the daughter of the Guru Angad who had married into a Hindu family, singing a hymn by Guru Nanak.
Amar Das learnt from her about Guru Angad, and with her help met the second Guru of Sikhism in 1539, and adopted Guru Angad as his spiritual Guru who was much younger than his own age.
Sikh tradition states that he woke up in the early hours to fetch water for Guru Angad's bath, cleaned and cooked for the volunteers with the Guru, as well devoted much time to meditation and prayers in the morning and evening.
Guru Angad is credited in the Sikh tradition with the Gurmukhi script, which is now the standard writing script for Punjabi language in India, in contrast to Punjabi language in Pakistan where now an Arabic script called Nastaliq is the standard.
The script may have already been developing before the time of Guru Angad, because there is evidence that at least one hymn was written in acrostic form by Guru Nanak, which state Cole and Sambhi gives proof that the alphabet already existed.
A part of the popular Sikh belief is that Guru Angad invented the script, but this belief lacks evidence and is suspect.
He also wrote 62 or 63 Saloks (compositions), which together constitute about one percent of the Guru Granth Sahib, the primary scripture of Sikhism.
Guru Angad is notable for systematizing the institution of langar in all Sikh temple premises, where visitors from near and far could get a free simple meal in a communal seating.
Unlike acute intermittent porphyria, individuals with HCP can present with cutaneous findings similar to those found in porphyria cutanea tarda in addition to the acute attacks of abdominal pain, vomiting and neurological dysfunction characteristic of acute porphyrias.
Biochemical and molecular testing can be used to narrow down the diagnosis of a porphyria and identify the specific genetic defect.
Clinically, patients affected with HCP present similarly to those with other acute porphyrias, such as acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and variegate porphyria (VP).
This includes the acute attacks of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypertension and seizures, as well as the cutaneous findings seen in porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), namely increased skin fragility, bullous lesions after exposure to sunlight and increased scarring.
It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, meaning that a deficiency of 50% of the normal enzyme activity is enough to cause symptoms.
Along with other acute porphyrias HCP demonstrates reduced penetrance, meaning not all individuals who carry a disease-causing mutation will express symptoms.
HCP is a rare disease, but the exact incidence is difficult to determine due to the reduced penetrance of the acute porphyrias.
The diagnosis of any porphyria is often delayed due to the rarity of the disease as well as the varied and non-specific findings that patients present with.
VP presents similarly, but can be distinguished based on urine and stool porphyrin analysis, typically done using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
Typically, the distinguishing metabolite for HCP and VP is the presence of protoporphyrin in the plasma and feces of individuals affected with VP.
Coproporphyrinuria can be caused by other stressors to the heme biosynthetic pathway, such as liver disease, lead poisoning and certain bone marrow disorders.
Hospitalization is typically required for administration of hemin, and appropriate drug selection is key to avoid exacerbating symptoms with drugs that interact poorly with porphyrias.
Proper drug selection is most difficult when it comes to treatment of the seizures that can accompany HCP, as most anti-seizure medications can make the symptoms worse.
In patients where management of symptoms is difficult even with hemin, liver transplant is an option before the symptoms have progressed to advanced paralysis.
Long term treatment of acute porphyrias is centered on the avoidance of acute attacks by eliminating precipitating factors, such as drugs, dietary changes, and infections.
Because of the reduced penetrance of HCP, family members of a patient may carry the same mutation without ever presenting with symptoms.
Jeff Hyslop (born May 30, 1951 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian musical theatre actor, singer, dancer, choreographer, and director.
Aside from Chiriko and Utena, her famous roles are in Air (Misuzu Kamio), Bleach (Soifon), Chrono Crusade (Rosette Christopher), Hikaru no Go (Hikaru Shindo), Sgt.
She also made her name voicing the heroine in the Harukanaru Toki no Naka de series, based from the Neoromance game with the same title produced by Koei in 2000.
During a three-year battle with cancer, most of her ongoing roles were replaced by other voice actresses, although Kawakami was able to do some voice work.
Variegate porphyria, also known by several other names, is an autosomal dominant porphyria that can have acute (severe but usually not long-lasting) symptoms along with symptoms that affect the skin.
In addition to the health problems described above, children with this disorder may have mental retardation and grow more slowly than other children.
The PPOX gene makes a membrane bound mitochondrial enzyme called protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which is critical to the chemical process that leads to heme production.
Nongenetic factors such as certain drugs, stress, and others listed above can increase the demand for heme and the enzymes required to make heme.
The combination of this increased demand and reduced activity of protoporphyrinogen oxidase disrupts heme production and allows byproducts of the process to accumulate in the liver, triggering an acute attack.
Variegate porphyria is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and inheriting one copy of the defective gene from an affected parent is sufficient to cause the disorder.
It has previously been thought that the PPOX gene was located on human chromosome 14, however mapping experiments (FISH) have shown that it is near 1q23.
A 2006 clinical, biochemical and mutational study of eight Swiss variegate porphyria patients and their families found four novel PPOX gene mutations believed to be unique to the Swiss population.
Diagnosis is by finding raised urine porphyrins, raised faecal porphyrins, markedly raised plasma porphyrins (pathognomic) and finding photosensitive cutaneous lesions on clinical examination.
Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria has been described as a homozygous form of porphyria cutanea tarda, although it can also be caused if two different mutations occur at the same locus.
The disease is characterized by onycholysis and blistering of the skin in areas that receive higher levels of exposure to sunlight.
The primary cause of this disorder is a deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD), a cytosolic enzyme that is a step in the enzymatic pathway that leads to the synthesis of heme.
While a deficiency in this enzyme is the direct cause leading to this disorder, there are a number of both genetic and environmental risk factors that are associated with PCT.
Typically, patients who are ultimately diagnosed with PCT first seek treatment following the development of photosensitivities in the form of blisters and erosions on commonly exposed areas of the skin.
Though blisters are the most common skin manifestations of PCT, other skin manifestations like hyperpigmentation (as if they are getting a tan) and hypertrichosis (mainly on top of the cheeks) also occur.
In addition to the symptomatic manifestation of the disease in the skin, chronic liver problems are extremely common in patients with the sporadic form of PCT.
Additionally, patients will often void a wine-red color urine with an increased concentration of uroporphyrin I due to their enzymatic deficiency.
The most frequently cited deficiencies are those of beta-Carotene, retinol, vitamin A and vitamin C. Beta-Carotene is required to synthesize vitamin A and vitamin A is needed to synthesize retinol.
The damaging effects of porphyrins interacting with iron, absorbing photons to then emit reactive oxygen species is the mechanism of action that results in the itchy, painful blisters that are common with PCT.
The reactive oxygen species that are formed interact with and exhaust the antioxidants in the skin, primarily those of beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Supplementation of these three vitamins has been shown to decrease these oxidative effects and potentially diminish the severity of blister formation.
No single vitamin of these three will inhibit the damaging effects of oxidized porphyrins, specifically uroporphyrins and coproporphyrins, but all three working together synergistically are capable of neutralizing their damaging effects.
The activity of this enzyme is usually reduced by 50% in all tissues in people with the inherited form of the condition.
Nongenetic factors such as alcohol abuse, excess iron, and others listed above can increase the demand for heme and the enzymes required to make heme.
The combination of this increased demand and reduced activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase disrupts heme production and allows byproducts of the process to accumulate in the body, triggering the signs and symptoms of porphyria cutanea tarda.
In the 20% of cases where porphyria cutanea tarda is inherited, it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene is sufficient to decrease enzyme activity and cause the signs and symptoms of the disorder.
While inherited deficiencies in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase often lead to the development of PCT, there are a number of risk factors that can both cause and exacerbate the symptoms of this disease.
Additional risk factors include alcohol abuse, excess iron (from iron supplements as well as cooking on cast iron skillets), and exposure to chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons and Agent Orange.
Therefore, a deficiency in this enzyme causes the aforementioned buildup of uroporphyrinogen and hepta-carboxylic porphyrinogen, and to a lesser extent hexa-carboxylic porphyrinogen, and penta-carboxylic porphyrinogen in the urine, which can be helpful in the diagnosis of this disorder.
The dermatological symptoms of PCT that include blistering and lesions on sun-exposed areas of the skin are caused by a buildup of porphyrin compounds (specifically uroporphyrinogen) close to the surface of the skin that have been oxidized by free radicals or sunlight.
Due to the highly conjugated structure of porphyrins involving alternating single and double carbon bonds, these compounds exhibit a deep purple color, resulting in the discoloration observed in the skin.
Excess alcohol intake decreases hepcidin production which leads to increased iron absorption from the gut and an increase in oxidative stress.
This oxidative stress then leads to inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, creating an excess of uroporphyrinogen III which is oxidized from the relatively harmless porphyrinogens into their reduced porphyrins form.
Concentrated instances of oxidative stress (alcohol, physical trauma, psychological stress, etc) cause the liver to hemorrhage these porphyrins into the blood stream where they are then susceptible to oxidation.
These can oxidize the UROD substrate uroporphyrinogen, which can result in the inhibition of UROD and lead to deficient activity of this key enzyme.
It is thought to do so by causing oxidative damage to liver cells, resulting in oxidized species of uroporphyrinogen that inhibit the activity of hepatic UROD.
It is also felt to increase the uptake of iron in liver cells, leading to further oxidation of uroporphyrinogen by the release of activated oxygen species.
Additionally, exposure to chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons can lead to a deficiency in the activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, causing the buildup of excess uroporphyrinogen.
Additionally, alcohol has been shown to increase the activity of the delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA synthetase), the rate-limiting enzymatic step in heme synthesis in the mitochondria, in rats.
While the most common symptom of PCT is the appearance of skin lesions and blistering, their appearance does not single-handedly lead to a conclusive diagnosis.
Additionally, testing for common risk factors such as Hepatitis C and hemochromatosis is strongly suggested, as their high prevalence in patients with PCT may require additional treatment.
One study used 74% as the cutoff for UROD activity, with those patients under that number being classified as type II, and those above classified as type III if there was a family history, and type I if there was not.
Genetic variants associated with hemochromatosis have been observed in PCT patients, which may help explain inherited PCT not associated with UROD.
Primarily, it is key that patients diagnosed with PCT avoid alcohol consumption, iron supplements, excess exposure to sunlight (especially in the summer), as well as estrogen and chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons, all of which can potentially exacerbate the disorder.
Additionally, the management of excess iron (due to the commonality of hemochromatosis in PCT patients) can be achieved through phlebotomy, whereby blood is systematically drained from the patient.
In the absence of iron, which is to be incorporated in the porphyrin formed in the last step of the synthesis, the mRNA of erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS-2) is blocked by attachment of an iron-responsive element (IRE) binding cytosolic protein, and transcription of this key enzyme is inhibited.
They work by removing excess porphyrins from the liver via increasing the excretion rate by forming a coordination complex with the iron center of the porphyrin as well as an intramolecular hydrogen bond between a propionate side chain of the porphyrin and the protonated quinuclidine nitrogen atom of either alkaloid.
Due to the presence of the chlorine atom, the entire complex is more water soluble allowing the kidneys to preferentially remove it from the blood stream and expel it through urination.
Chloroquine treatment can induce porphyria attacks within the first couple of months of treatment due to the mass mobilization of porphyrins from the liver into the blood stream.
Complete remission can be seen within 6–12 months as each dose of antimalarial can only remove a finite amount of porphyrins and there are generally decades of accumulation to be cleared.
Finally, due to the strong association between PCT and Hepatitis C, the treatment of Hepatitis C (if present) is vital to the effective treatment of PCT.
The exact frequency is not clear because many people with the condition never experience symptoms and those that do are often misdiagnosed with anything ranging from idiopathic photodermatitis and seasonal allergies to hives.
This is because people with the disease tend to avoid the sun due to photosensitivity and may develop disfigurement that eats away their noses, eyelids, lips, and gums giving their teeth a fang-like appearance.
It has also been suggested they may have developed a craving for healthy blood to replace their own in a self medicated treatment in prior centuries.
Some Folklore scholars claim that this is a mistake, first suggested in the 1990s, as vampires of myth did not have photosensitivity, nor were they described as looking like the modern incarnation of vampires.
They were described as unintelligent roaming beings who fed on their victims to the point that they became reddened and heavily bloated, fattened on blood.
Count Dracula, of Bram Stroker's novel, himself could walk about freely in daylight unharmed but not as powerful in the book.
It arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, skin, and liver.
EPP usually first presents in childhood, and most often affects the face and the upper surfaces of the arms, hands, and feet and the exposed surfaces of the legs.
Most patients, if the EPP is not as severe, manifest symptoms with onset of puberty when the male and female hormone levels elevate during sexual development and maintenance.
A lack of diagnostic markers for liver failure makes it difficult to predict which patients may experience liver failure, and the mechanism of liver failure is poorly understood.
A retrospective European study identified 31 EPP patients receiving a liver transplant between 1983 and 2008, with phototoxic reactions in 25% of patients who were unprotected by surgical light filters.
Frequent liver testing is recommended in EPP patients where no effective therapy has been identified to manage liver failure to date.
EPP photosensitivity symptoms are reported to lessen in some female patients during pregnancy and menstruation, although this phenomenon is not consistent, and the mechanism is not understood.
Most cases of EPP are results of inborn errors of metabolism but the metabolic defect in some patients may be acquired.
Mutation of the gene that encodes for ferrochelatase in the long arm of chromosome 18 is found in majority of the cases.
Symptoms do not occur unless FECH activity is less than 30% of normal, but such low levels are not present in a majority of patients.
Some protoporphyrin in bile is returned to the liver as a consequence of the enterohepatic circulation; the remaining protoporphyrin in the intestine undergoes fecal excretion.
Since FECH deficiency is associated with increased concentrations of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes, plasma, skin and liver, retention of protoporphyrin in skin predisposes to acute photosensitivity.
As a result of absorption of ultraviolet and visible light (peak sensitivity at 400 nm, with lesser peaks between 500-625 nm) by protoporphyrin in plasma and erythrocytes when blood circulates through the dermal vessels, free radicals are formed, erythrocytes become unstable and injury to the skin is induced.
EPP is generally suspected by the presence of acute photosensitivity of the skin and can be confirmed by detection of a plasmatic fluorescence peak at 634 nm.
It is also useful to find increased levels of protoporphyrin in feces and the demonstration of an excess of free protoporphyrin in erythrocytes.
Liver biopsy confirms hepatic disease in EPP by the presence of protoporphyrin deposits in the hepatocytes that can be observed as a brown pigment within the biliary canaliculi and the portal macrophages.
There is no cure for this disorder; however, symptoms can usually be managed by limiting exposure to daytime sun and some types of artificial lighting.
Color temperature can be a good indicator of what light is most detrimental, as the higher the color temperature, the more violet light (380-450 nm) is emitted.
Since the photosensitivity results from light in the visible spectrum, most sunscreens are of little use (with the exception of non-nano zinc oxide which provides uniform protection between 290-400 nm and some protection up to 700 nm).
Sun protective clothing can also be very helpful, although clothing with UPF values are only rated based on their UV protection (up to 400 nm) and not on their protection from the visible spectrum.
Some sun protective clothing manufacturers use zinc oxide in their fabrics, such as Coolibar's ZnO Suntect line, which will offer protection from visible light.
Window films which block UV and visible light up to 450 nm can provide relief from symptoms if applied to the patient's automobile and home windows.
Ocushield makes screen protectors that are accredited class one medical devices (which block 90% of light between 380-420 nm and up to 40% between 420-500 nm).
Afamelanotide, developed by Australian-based Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, was approved in Europe in December 2014 for treatment or prevention of phototoxicity in adults with EPP.
Bone marrow transplantation, liver transplantation, acetylcysteine, extracorporeal albumin dialysis, parenteral iron and transfusion of erythrocytes are alternative plans for treatment of EEP.
The prevalence has been estimated somewhere between 1 in 75,000 and 1 in 200,000 however it has been noted that the prevalence of EPP may be increasing due to a better understanding of the disease and improved diagnosis.
The submarine film is a subgenre of war film in which the majority of the plot revolves around a submarine below the ocean's surface.
Films of this subgenre typically focus on a small but determined crew of submariners battling against enemy submarines or submarine-hunter ships, or against other problems ranging from disputes amongst the crew, threats of mutiny, life-threatening mechanical breakdowns, or the daily difficulties of living on a submarine.
The genre plays on the psychological tension of the submarine's crew and their unseen enemy, signified by a soundscape that may feature explosions, the ping of sonar, the creaking of the submarine's hull under extreme pressure, the alarm ordering the submarine to dive, and the threatening sound signatures of a destroyer's propellor or of an approaching torpedo.
Some 150 films have been made in the submarine genre between 1910 and 2010, variously depicting submarines in relatively realistic stories about World War I, World War II or the Cold War, or purely fictional and fantastic scenarios.
A distinctive element in this genre is the soundtrack, which attempts to bring home the emotional and dramatic nature of conflict under the sea.
The unseen outside means the enemy: this may be from nature, with elements such as water pressure threatening to crush the hull, sea monsters, or underwater rocks; or human opponents.
Meanwhile, the inside of the submarine represents the human warmth and trust of the crew for each other and for their captain, their lives bound together by the situation.
To this scenario can be added elements from within such as mutiny, fire, discord, or accidents including radiation leakage; and from outside such as water, terrorism, disease, and weapons, while the plot may feature sudden switches from being the hunter to being the hunted.
The soundscape may depict the creaking of the hull under pressure: as Koldau observes, this is both realistic and metaphoric, standing in for the fear and the responsibility on the shoulders of the crew.
Stress may further be expressed in the acoustic signature of specifically submarine threats, such as the swelling sound of an approaching destroyer's propellor, the soft buzz of an enemy torpedo, or the submarine's own alarm ordering an immediate dive.
Another element of the soundscape less often remarked upon is simply silence, which can mean both safety (nothing is happening) and unseen danger, creating tension.
This is a list of movies, grouped by the era in which they were made, in which a submarine plays a significant role in the storyline.
Popularity of the term among teenagers rose in the mid-2000s, with the spread from the Internet written form to use in spoken language.
Baruch Samuel Blumberg (July 28, 1925April 5, 2011) — known as Barry Blumberg — was an American physician, geneticist, and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek), for his work on the hepatitis B virus while an investigator at the NIH.
He first attended the Orthodox Yeshivah of Flatbush for elementary school, where he learned to read and write in Hebrew, and to study the Bible and Jewish texts in their original language.
Blumberg then attended Brooklyn's James Madison High School, a school that Blumberg described as having high academic standards, including many teachers with Ph.D.s.
After moving to Far Rockaway, Queens, he transferred to Far Rockaway High School in the early 1940s, a school that also produced fellow laureates Burton Richter and Richard Feynman.
Originally entering the graduate program in mathematics at Columbia University, Blumberg switched to medicine and enrolled at Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he received his MD in 1951.
He remained at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center for the next four years, first as an intern and then as a resident.
He then moved to the University of Oxford and began graduate work in biochemistry at Balliol College, Oxford and earned his DPhil there in 1957.
Throughout the 1950s, Blumberg traveled the world taking human blood samples, to study the genetic variations in human beings, focusing on the question of why some people contract a disease in a given environment, while others do not.
Blumberg and his team were able to develop a screening test for the hepatitis B virus, to prevent its spread in blood donations, and developed a vaccine.
Deployment of the vaccine reduced the infection rate of hepatitis B in children in China from 15% to 1% in 10 years.
In 1964, Blumberg became a member of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) of the Lankenau Hospital Research Institute in Philadelphia, known today as the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research (LIMR), which later joined the Fox Chase Cancer Center in 1974, and he held the rank of University Professor of Medicine and Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania starting in 1977.
From 1999 to 2002, he was also director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute at the Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California.
In 1992, Blumberg participated in the founding of the Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF), a nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis B worldwide.
He served on the Scientific and Medical Advisory Board, and as its Distinguished Scholar from 1992 until his passing in 2011.
In 2001, Blumberg was named to the Library of Congress Scholars Council, a body of distinguished scholars that advises the Librarian of Congress.
In November 2004, Blumberg was named Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of United Therapeutics Corporation, a position he held until his death.
In October 2010, Blumberg participated in the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Lunch with a Laureate program, in which middle and high school students of the Greater Washington D.C., Northern Virginia and Maryland area got to engage in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize–winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.
In discussing the factors that influenced his life, Blumberg always gave credit to the mental discipline of the Jewish Talmud, and as often as possible, he attended weekly Talmud discussion classes until his death.
Blumberg died on April 5, 2011, shortly after giving the keynote speech at the International Lunar Research Park Exploratory Workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center.
At the time of his death Blumberg was a Distinguished Scientist at the NASA Lunar Science Institute, located at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California.
In 2011, the Library of Congress and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced the establishment of the Baruch S. Blumberg NASA/Library of Congress Chair in Astrobiology, a research position housed within the Library's John W. Kluge Center, which explores the effects of astrobiology research on society.
In 2011, in recognition of Blumberg's long professional and personal association with the Department of Biochemistry and the Glycobiology Institute, Oxford University established the Baruch Blumberg Professorship in Virology.
It was the fifth in the so-called Corman-Poe cycle of eight films largely featuring adaptations of Edgar Allan Poe stories produced by Roger Corman and released by AIP.
Set during the 15th century, the sorcerer Dr. Erasmus Craven (Vincent Price) has been mourning the death of his wife Lenore (Hazel Court) for over two years, much to the chagrin of his daughter Estelle (Olive Sturgess).
Bedlo explains he had been transformed by the evil Dr. Scarabus (Boris Karloff) in an unfair duel, and both decide to see Scarabus, Bedlo to exact revenge and Craven to look for his wife's ghost, which Bedlo reportedly saw at Scarabus' castle.
After fighting off the attack of Craven's coachman, who apparently acted under the influence of Scarabus, they set out to the castle, joined by Craven's daughter Estelle and Bedlo's son Rexford (Jack Nicholson).
At the castle, Scarabus greets his guests with false friendship, and Bedlo is apparently killed as he conjures a storm in a last act of defiance against his nemesis.
Craven, meanwhile, is visited and tormented by Lenore, who is revealed to be alive and well too, having faked her death two years before to move away with Scarabus.
Bedlo panics and begs Scarabus to turn him back into a raven rather than torture him; he flees the dungeon by flying away.
Roger Corman says that Lorre's improvisations confused both Vincent Price and Boris Karloff, but Price adapted to it well while Karloff struggled.
There was a slight edge to it, because Boris came in with a carefully worked out preparation, so when Peter started improvising lines, it really threw Boris off from his preparation.
Corman says the hostility between Jack Nicholson and Peter Lorre as father and son came from the actors rather than the script.
The film presently holds a score of 92% with an average rating of 6.6 out of 10 on the review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes based on 12 reviews.
A novelization of the film was written by Eunice Sudak adapted from Richard Matheson's screenplay and published by Lancer Books in paperback.
Inspired by optical effects and perception inherent in the color theories of Michel Eugène Chevreul, Ogden Rood and others, Seurat adapted this scientific research to his painting.
Seurat contrasted miniature dots or small brushstrokes of colors that when unified optically in the human eye were perceived as a single shade or hue.
He believed that this form of painting, called Divisionism at the time (a term he preferred) but now known as Pointillism, would make the colors more brilliant and powerful than standard brushstrokes.
To make the experience of the painting even more vivid, he surrounded it with a frame of painted dots, which in turn he enclosed with a pure white, wooden frame, which is how the painting is exhibited today at the Art Institute of Chicago.
The Island of la Grande Jatte is located at the very gates of Paris, lying in the Seine between Neuilly and Levallois-Perret, a short distance from where La Défense business district currently stands.
Although for many years it was an industrial site, it is today the site of a public garden and a housing development.
The painting was first exhibited at the eighth (and last) Impressionist exhibition in May 1886, then in August 1886, dominating the second Salon of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, of which Seurat had been a founder in 1884.
Seurat was extremely disciplined, always serious, and private to the point of secretiveness—for the most part, steering his own steady course.
For Parisians, Sunday was the day to escape the heat of the city and head for the shade of the trees and the cool breezes that came off the river.
On the right, a fashionable couple, the woman with the sunshade and the man in his top hat, are on a stroll.
There is a small man with the black hat and thin cane looking at the river, and a white dog with a brown head, a woman knitting, a man playing a horn, two soldiers standing at attention as the musician plays, and a woman hunched under an orange umbrella.
Seurat also painted a man with a pipe, a woman under a parasol in a boat filled with rowers, and a couple admiring their infant child.
In the painting's center stands a little girl dressed in white (who is not in a shadow), who stares directly at the viewer of the painting.
The historian's focal point was Seurat's mechanical use of the figures and what their static nature said about French society at the time.
Afterward, the work received heavy criticism by many that centered on the artist's mathematical and robotic interpretation of modernity in Paris.
The border of the painting is, unusually, in inverted color, as if the world around them is also slowly inverting from the way of life they have known.
In the first stage, which was started in 1884, Seurat mixed his paints from several individual pigments and was still using dull earth pigments such as ochre or burnt sienna.
In the second stage, during 1885 and 1886, Seurat dispensed with the earth pigments and also limited the number of individual pigments in his paints.
His intention was to paint small dots or strokes of pure color that would then mix on the retina of the beholder to achieve the desired color impression instead of the usual practice of mixing individual pigments.
Additionally, Seurat used then new pigment zinc yellow (zinc chromate), predominantly for yellow highlights in the sunlit grass in the middle of the painting but also in mixtures with orange and blue pigments.
In the century and more since the painting's completion, the zinc yellow has darkened to brown—a color degeneration that was already showing in the painting in Seurat's lifetime.
The discoloration of the originally bright yellow zinc yellow (zinc chromate) to brownish color is due to the chemical reaction of the chromate ions to orange-colored dichromate ions.
The results of investigation into the discoloration of this painting have been ingeniously combined with further research into natural aging of paints to digitally rejuvenate the painting.
On 15 April 1958, a fire there, which killed one person on the second floor of the museum, forced the evacuation of the painting, which had been on a floor above the fire in the Whitney Museum, which adjoined MoMA at the time.
In Topiary Park (formerly Old Deaf School Park) in Columbus, Ohio, sculptor James T. Mason re-created the painting in topiary form; the installation was completed in 1989.
The painting was the inspiration for a commemorative poster printed for the 1993 Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix, with racing cars and the Detroit skyline added.
In physics, the Faraday effect or Faraday rotation is a magneto-optical phenomenon—that is, an interaction between light and a magnetic field in a medium.
The Faraday effect causes a rotation of the plane of polarization which is linearly proportional to the component of the magnetic field in the direction of propagation.
The theoretical basis of electromagnetic radiation (which includes visible light) was completed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s and 1870s and Oliver Heaviside.
The Faraday effect is caused by left and right circularly polarized waves propagating at slightly different speeds, a property known as circular birefringence.
Since a linear polarization can be decomposed into the superposition of two equal-amplitude circularly polarized components of opposite handedness and different phase, the effect of a relative phase shift, induced by the Faraday effect, is to rotate the orientation of a wave's linear polarization.
For instance, the Faraday effect has been used to measure optical rotatory power and for remote sensing of magnetic fields (such as fiber optic current sensors).
Faraday rotators can be used for amplitude modulation of light, and are the basis of optical isolators and optical circulators; such components are required in optical telecommunications and other laser applications.
By 1845, it was known through the work of Fresnel, Malus, and others that different materials are able to modify the direction of polarization of light when appropriately oriented, making polarized light a very powerful tool to investigate the properties of transparent materials.
He spent considerable effort looking for evidence of electric forces affecting the polarization of light through what are now known as electro-optic effects, starting with decomposing electrolytes.
Faraday observed that when a beam of polarized light passed through the glass in the direction of an applied magnetic force, the polarization of light rotated by an angle that was proportional to the strength of the force.
The linear polarized light that is seen to rotate in the Faraday effect can be seen as consisting of the superposition of a right- and a left- circularly polarized beam (this superposition principle is fundamental in many branches of physics).
We can look at the effects of each component (right- or left-polarized) separately, and see what effect this has on the result.
In circularly polarized light the direction of the electric field rotates at the frequency of the light, either clockwise or counter-clockwise.
In a material, this electric field causes a force on the charged particles comprising the material (because of their low mass, the electrons are most heavily affected).
The motion thus effected will be circular, and circularly moving charges will create their own (magnetic) field in addition to the external magnetic field.
There will thus be two different cases: the created field will be parallel to the external field for one (circular) polarization, and in the opposing direction for the other polarization direction – thus the net B field is enhanced in one direction and diminished in the opposite direction.
This changes the dynamics of the interaction for each beam and one of the beams will be slowed down more than the other, causing a phase difference between the left- and right-polarized beam.
When the two beams are added after this phase shift, the result is again a linearly polarized beam, but with a rotation in the polarization direction.
A full treatment would have to take into account the effect of the external and radiation-induced fields on the wave function of the electrons, and then calculate the effect of this change on the refractive index of the material for each polarization, to see whether the right- or left-circular polarization is slowed down more.
A positive Verdet constant corresponds to L-rotation (anticlockwise) when the direction of propagation is parallel to the magnetic field and to R-rotation (clockwise) when the direction of propagation is anti-parallel.
By placing a rod of this material in a strong magnetic field, Faraday rotation angles of over 0.78 rad (45°) can be achieved.
This allows the construction of Faraday rotators, which are the principal component of Faraday isolators, devices which transmit light in only one direction.
The Faraday effect can, however, be observed and measured in a Terbium-doped glass with Verdet constant as low as (≈ for 632 nm light).
The effect is imposed on light over the course of its propagation from its origin to the Earth, through the interstellar medium.
Here, the effect is caused by free electrons and can be characterized as a difference in the refractive index seen by the two circularly polarized propagation modes.
Faraday rotation is an important tool in astronomy for the measurement of magnetic fields, which can be estimated from rotation measures given a knowledge of the electron number density.
In the case of radio pulsars, the dispersion caused by these electrons results in a time delay between pulses received at different wavelengths, which can be measured in terms of the electron column density, or dispersion measure.
A measurement of both the dispersion measure and the rotation measure therefore yields the weighted mean of the magnetic field along the line of sight.
The same information can be obtained from objects other than pulsars, if the dispersion measure can be estimated based on reasonable guesses about the propagation path length and typical electron densities.
In particular, Faraday rotation measurements of polarized radio signals from extragalactic radio sources occulted by the solar corona can be used to estimate both the electron density distribution and the direction and strength of the magnetic field in the coronal plasma.
The ionosphere consists of a plasma containing free electrons which contribute to Faraday rotation according to the above equation, whereas the positive ions are relatively massive and have little influence.
Since the density of electrons in the ionosphere varies greatly on a daily basis, as well as over the sunspot cycle, the magnitude of the effect varies.
However the effect is always proportional to the square of the wavelength, so even at the UHF television frequency of 500 MHz (λ = 60 cm), there can be more than a complete rotation of the axis of polarization.
A consequence is that although most radio transmitting antennas are either vertically or horizontally polarized, the polarization of a medium or short wave signal after reflection by the ionosphere is rather unpredictable.
However the Faraday effect due to free electrons diminishes rapidly at higher frequencies (shorter wavelengths) so that at microwave frequencies, used by satellite communications, the transmitted polarization is maintained between the satellite and the ground.
Considering the atomic arrangement is different along the (100) and (110) plane, one might think the Faraday rotation is polarization dependent.
Based on the large Faraday rotation, one might be able to use GaAs to calibrate the B field of the terahertz electromagnetic wave which requires very fast response time.
The combination of the two is described by gyroelectromagnetic media, for which gyroelectricity and gyromagnetism (Faraday effect) may occur at the same time.
In organic materials, Faraday rotation is typically small, with a Verdet constant in the visible wavelength region on the order of a few hundred degrees per Tesla per meter, decreasing proportional to formula_8 in this region.
While the Verdet constant of organic materials does increase around electronic transitions in the molecule, the associated light absorption makes most organic materials bad candidates for applications.
Researchers claim that the magnitude of the magneto-optical enhancement is governed primarily by the spectral overlap of the magneto-optical transition and the plasmon resonance.
Because of the large density of photon states in the cavity, the interaction between the electromagnetic field of the light and the electronic transitions of the magnetic material is enhanced, resulting in a larger difference between the velocities of the right- and left-hand circularized polarization, therefore enhancing Faraday rotation.
In mathematics, a regular polytope is a polytope whose symmetry group acts transitively on its flags, thus giving it the highest degree of symmetry.
Regular polytopes are the generalized analog in any number of dimensions of regular polygons (for example, the square or the regular pentagon) and regular polyhedra (for example, the cube).
A regular polytope can be represented by a Schläfli symbol of the form {a, b, c, ..., y, z}, with regular facets as {a, b, c, ..., y}, and regular vertex figures as {b, c, ..., y, z}.
A concise symbolic representation for regular polytopes was developed by Ludwig Schläfli in the 19th Century, and a slightly modified form has become standard.
The Schläfli symbol for the dual polytope is just the original symbol written backwards: {3, 3} is self-dual, {3, 4} is dual to {4, 3}, {4, 3, 3} to {3, 3, 4} and so on.
For example, the vertex figure of {3, 3, 4} is {3, 4}, the dual of which is {4, 3} — a cell of {4, 3, 3}.
The subsequent history of the regular polytopes can be characterised by a gradual broadening of the basic concept, allowing more and more objects to be considered among their number.
Various star polyhedra appear in Renaissance art, but it was not until Johannes Kepler studied the small stellated dodecahedron and the great stellated dodecahedron in 1619 that he realised these two were regular.
It was not until the 19th century that a Swiss mathematician, Ludwig Schläfli, examined and characterised the regular polytopes in higher dimensions.
His efforts were first published in full in , six years posthumously, although parts of it were published in and .
In five and more dimensions, there are exactly three regular polytopes, which correspond to the tetrahedron, cube and octahedron: these are the regular simplices, measure polytopes and cross polytopes.
By the end of the 19th century, mathematicians such as Arthur Cayley and Ludwig Schläfli had developed the theory of regular polytopes in four and higher dimensions, such as the tesseract and the 24-cell.
It consists of two cubes in parallel hyperplanes with corresponding vertices cross-connected in such a way that the 8 cross-edges are equal in length and orthogonal to the 12+12 edges situated on each cube.
The 24-cell can be derived from the tesseract by joining the 8 vertices of each of its cubical faces to an additional vertex to form the four-dimensional analogue of a pyramid.
From the mathematical point of view, however, these objects have the same aesthetic qualities as their more familiar two and three-dimensional relatives.
There is an equivalent (non-recursive) definition, which states that a polytope is regular if it has a sufficient degree of symmetry.
So for example, the cube is regular because if we choose a vertex of the cube, and one of the three edges it is on, and one of the two faces containing the edge, then this triplet, or flag, (vertex, edge, face) can be mapped to any other such flag by a suitable symmetry of the cube.
In the first part of the 20th century, Coxeter and Petrie discovered three infinite structures {4, 6}, {6, 4} and {6, 6}.
They called them regular skew polyhedra, because they seemed to satisfy the definition of a regular polyhedron — all the vertices, edges and faces are alike, all the angles are the same, and the figure has no free edges.
He developed the theory of polystromata, showing examples of new objects he called regular apeirotopes, that is, regular polytopes with infinitely many faces.
It seems to satisfy the definition of a regular polygon — all the edges are the same length, all the angles are the same, and the figure has no loose ends (because they can never be reached).
More importantly, perhaps, there are symmetries of the zig-zag that can map any pair of a vertex and attached edge to any other.
A complex number has a real part, which is the bit we are all familiar with, and an imaginary part, which is a multiple of the square root of minus one.
This concept may be easier for the reader to grasp if one considers the relationship of the cube and the hemicube.
An ordinary cube has 8 corners, they could be labeled A to H, with A opposite H, B opposite G, and so on.
The edge AB would become the same edge as GH, and the face ABEF would become the same face as CDGH.
By 1994 Grünbaum was considering polytopes abstractly as combinatorial sets of points or vertices, and was unconcerned whether faces were planar.
Certain restrictions are imposed on the set that are similar to properties satisfied by the classical regular polytopes (including the Platonic solids).
The restrictions, however, are loose enough that regular tessellations, hemicubes, and even objects as strange as the 11-cell or stranger, are all examples of regular polytopes.
Thus, any geometric polytope may be described by the appropriate abstract poset, though not all abstract polytopes have proper geometric realizations.
But non-regular classical polytopes can have regular abstract equivalents, since abstract polytopes don't care about angles and edge lengths, for example.
The traditional way to construct a regular polygon, or indeed any other figure on the plane, is by compass and straightedge.
To obtain a fold-out net of a polyhedron, one takes the surface of the polyhedron and cuts it along just enough edges so that the surface may be laid out flat.
Since the Platonic solids have only triangles, squares and pentagons for faces, and these are all constructible with a ruler and compass, there exist ruler-and-compass methods for drawing these fold-out nets.
The same applies to star polyhedra, although here we must be careful to make the net for only the visible outer surface.
If this net is drawn on cardboard, or similar foldable material (for example, sheet metal), the net may be cut out, folded along the uncut edges, joined along the appropriate cut edges, and so forming the polyhedron for which the net was designed.
For example, klikko provides sets of plastic triangles, squares, pentagons and hexagons that can be joined edge-to-edge in a large number of different ways.
A child playing with such a toy could re-discover the Platonic solids (or the Archimedean solids), especially if given a little guidance from a knowledgeable adult.
Clearly, in a 3-dimensional universe, it is impossible to build a physical model of an object having 4 or more dimensions.
Depth in a third dimension is represented with horizontal relative displacement, depth in a fourth dimension with vertical relative displacement between the left and right images of the stereograph.
The second approach is to embed the higher-dimensional objects in three-dimensional space, using methods analogous to the ways in which three-dimensional objects are drawn on the plane.
One might even imagine building a model of this fold-out net, as one draws a polyhedron's fold-out net on a piece of paper.
Sadly, we could never do the necessary folding of the 3-dimensional structure to obtain the 4-dimensional polytope because of the constraints of the physical universe.
Such models are occasionally found in science museums or mathematics departments of universities (such as that of the Université Libre de Bruxelles).
The intersection of a four (or higher) dimensional regular polytope with a three-dimensional hyperplane will be a polytope (not necessarily regular).
If the hyperplane is moved through the shape, the three-dimensional slices can be combined, animated into a kind of four dimensional object, where the fourth dimension is taken to be time.
In this way, we can see (if not fully grasp) the full four-dimensional structure of the four-dimensional regular polytopes, via such cutaway cross sections.
This is analogous to the way a CAT scan reassembles two-dimensional images to form a 3-dimensional representation of the organs being scanned.
The ideal would be an animated hologram of some sort, however, even a simple animation such as the one shown can already give some limited insight into the structure of the polytope.
The viewer would be inside one of the cubes, and would be able to see cubes in front of, behind, above, below, to the left and right of himself.
If one could travel in these directions, one could explore the array of cubes, and gain an understanding of its geometrical structure.
However, a 4-polytope can be considered a tessellation of a 3-dimensional non-Euclidean space, namely, a tessellation of the surface of a four-dimensional sphere (a 4-dimensional spherical tiling).
The mathematics department at UIUC has a number of pictures of what one would see if embedded in a tessellation of hyperbolic space with dodecahedra.
This is because of an important theorem in the study of abstract regular polytopes, providing a technique that allows the abstract regular polytope to be constructed from its symmetry group in a standard and straightforward manner.
Hudson was the subject of significant media attention in 2008 when her mother, brother, and nephew were killed in a shooting.
She resumed public appearances the following year, with a high-profile performance at Super Bowl XLIII as well as other mainstream events.
Hudson has been described as a friend of former President Barack Obama, who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills during his first term in May 2009.
She is the third and youngest child of Darnell Donerson (November 7, 1950 – October 24, 2008) and Samuel Simpson (died 1999).
At age 7 she got her start in performing by singing with the church choir and doing community theater with the help of her late maternal grandmother, Julia.
She enrolled at Langston University but she left after a semester due to homesickness and unhappiness with the weather, and registered at Kennedy–King College.
In the interview she stated the song would be included on her debut album, to be released in early 2007; however, this was before she was signed to a record label.
In addition, she has been named Best Supporting Actress by the Broadcast Film Critics Association and also by the Screen Actors Guild.
On February 11, 2007, the 60th British Academy Film Awards were held in London, but Hudson was not there to accept her BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.
She was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on June 18, along with 115 other individuals for 2007.
But there was really only one reason we all rushed to see 2006's Dreamgirls: Jennifer Hudson's soul-to-the-rafters rendition of the classic 'And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going'.
The Creative Workers Union of South Africa have opposed this choice, stating they will push for a moratorium on the film if the casting is not reversed.
Her label was reportedly unhappy with the direction they were sending Hudson musically and decided it would be best to scrap the older songs and instead focus on new ones.
As of August 2009, the album has sold 739,000 copies in the US, receiving a Gold certification for surpassing sales of 500,000.
However, in January 2009, her label decided to postpone the release of the second single once more until, choosing a February 2009 release date.
On February 3, 2011 due to radio adds the single made its debut on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 53, having so far reached a peak of number 10.
On January 27, 2018, Clive Davis disclosed that Hudson had been handpicked by Aretha Franklin to portray her in an upcoming bio-pic.
Jennifer Hudson performed with the D.C. Choir at the March for Our Lives anti-gun violence rally in Washington, D.C. On March 24, 2018.
In September 2019, it was announced that Hudson will not return for the ninth season, citing work commitments in the United States; she will be replaced by Meghan Trainor.
Hudson met David Otunga, a professional wrestler in the WWE and a Harvard Law graduate, and the couple became engaged in September 2008.
On October 24, 2008, Hudson's 57-year-old mother Darnell Donerson and 29-year-old brother Jason were found shot to death inside the Chicago home Donerson shared with Hudson's older sister, Julia.
Convicted on all seven counts against him, in July 2012, he was sentenced to three life sentences without the possibility of parole; served consecutively, followed by an additional 120 years for his other convictions.
Hammer has collaborated with some of the era's most influential jazz and rock musicians such as John McLaughlin, Jeff Beck, Al Di Meola, Mick Jagger, Carlos Santana, Stanley Clarke, Tommy Bolin, Neal Schon, Steve Lukather and Elvin Jones.
His mother was Vlasta Průchová, a well-known Czech singer, and his father was a doctor who worked his way through school playing vibraphone and bass guitar.
Upon entrance to the Prague Academy of Musical Arts, he completed many compulsory classes including harmony, counterpoint, music history, and classical composition.
But Hammer moved to the United States and resolved to become a citizen after receiving a scholarship at Berklee College of Music in Boston.
Upon completion of his studies, Hammer spent a year touring with Sarah Vaughan, recorded with Elvin Jones and Jeremy Steig, then moved to Lower Manhattan and joined the original lineup of the Mahavishnu Orchestra with guitarist John McLaughlin, violinist Jerry Goodman, bassist Rick Laird, and drummer Billy Cobham in 1971.
He produced and recorded the album at Red Gate Studio, which he'd built in his upstate New York farmhouse and which has been the location of his recordings ever since.
Hammer took the stage with Jeff Beck in December 1983 for the nine U.S. benefit concerts that raised money for Ronnie Lane's A.R.M.S.
Notably, they featured as Jan Hammer / Tony Williams Group on July 4, 1991, at Spectrum de Montréal (Montreal Jazz Festival).
In late 1993 (and through 2000) Hammer was commissioned to compose all the original music for TV Nova, the first commercial television network in Eastern Europe, based in his native Czech Republic, which had its launch on February 4, 1994.
He composed everything—including themes for 23 original shows produced by the network, 50 separate station ID's, the music for all of the network's special broadcasts, plus the music for all the news, sports and weather programs.
One of the package's discs contained bonus material, including an extensive interview and archival footage of Hammer creating music for the show back in 1985.
He also claimed to have recorded the theme song for Miami Vice before the series was made, and that it had been the piece he presented to Michael Mann when announcing his interest of being involved with the series.
He stated that he used a Fairlight CMI to compose the music to the series while sampling drums and percussion into it with real acoustic sound.
He added that he would have been interested in scoring the 2006 film version of Miami Vice, but that he was never approached by Michael Mann about it.
Kraft Foods Group, Inc. is an American grocery manufacturing and processing conglomerate headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, part of the Kraft Heinz Company.
The company was restructured in 2012 as a spin off from Kraft Foods Inc., which in turn was renamed Mondelez International.
The new Kraft Foods Group was focused mainly on grocery products for the North American market while Mondelez is focused on international confectionery and snack brands.
On July 2, 2015, Kraft completed its merger with Heinz, arranged by Heinz owners Berkshire Hathaway and 3G Capital, creating the fifth-largest food and beverage company in the world, Kraft Heinz Company.
In August 2011, Kraft Foods Inc. announced plans to split into two publicly traded companies—a snack food company and a grocery company.
On October 1, 2012, Kraft Foods Inc. spun off its North American grocery business to a new company called Kraft Foods Group, Inc.
The remainder of Kraft Foods Inc. was renamed Mondelez International, Inc. and was refocused as an international snack and confection company.
On November 19, 2013, an arbitration ruling ordered Starbucks to pay Kraft Foods Inc. $2.7 billion because of an early contract termination.
Kraft's shares rose about 17 percent in premarket trading after the announcement of the deal, which will bring Heinz back to the public market following its takeover over two years prior.
The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL preseason game.
In 2013, food blogger and activist Vani Hari and blogger Lisa Leake launched an online petition drive to compel Kraft Foods Group, Inc. to remove controversial synthetic dyes Yellow 5 (labeled as Tartrazine) and Yellow 6 from its signature macaroni and cheese products.
In April 2013, Hari and Leake delivered a petition with some 270,000 signatures to Kraft headquarters in Chicago, Ill., and asked the company to change its macaroni and cheese recipes.
However, in 2017 the New York Times highlighted the continued prevalence of harmful chemicals of phthalates, which can cause male hormone disruption, that were found in high concentrations in Kraft boxed macaroni and cheese powder.
In 1989, Kraft Foods was listed as one of the top polluters in Ontario, for pumping into Hoople Creek (Ingleside, Ontario) pollutants including phosphorus, suspended solids, and oxygen-destroying material.
The Evil Overlord List, also known as If I Were An Evil Overlord, is one of several popular lists of planned actions for a competent Evil Overlord to avoid the well-known, cliché blunders committed by supervillains in popular fictional works, typically explained in a comical fashion.
The lists were compiled by science fiction fans over a number of years, and copies of the list that can be found on the Internet vary in number and order of entries.
The original, if lesser-known list was compiled in 1990 by members of the now-defunct FidoNet Science Fiction and Fandom (SFFAN) email echo.
The FidoNet list arose out of discussions regarding what sort of advice might be in that book, and was compiled and published by Jack Butler.
It was originally The Top 100 Things I'd Do If I Ever Became An Evil Overlord, but grew to include over 100 entries.
Anspach and Butler acknowledge the existence of each other's lists, and state that their two lists have been so cross-pollinated over the years as to become effectively identical.
The Evil Overlord List has led to spinoffs, including lists for stock characters including (but not limited to) heroes, henchmen, sidekicks, the Evil Overlord's Accountant, and Starfleet captains.
Teresa Nielsen Hayden, noted author and lecturer, uses an expanded version of the list in her lectures on writing science fiction.
PS238, issue 33 (published in 2008), includes a mention of the EOL in the main story, plus an appendix with fifty major points from the list.
In May 2012, students from Lehigh University of Pennsylvania published a blog post that examined how much it would cost to follow all of the instructions on the list.
He was actually not among those originally chosen for the semifinal round, but was put through when contestant Donnie Williams was disqualified for a drunk driving arrest.
Huff was not voted through to the final round from his group of semifinalists, but got another second chance when he was brought back for the wildcard round and put through as a finalist by contest judge Simon Cowell.
During this period, New Orleans Fox Affiliate WVUE would hold specials including Huff's family cheering George on during the latest episodes.
His recent performances have included an October 2006 concert at West Virginia University and a December 2006 Christmas show in Salinas, California.
He also had a recent brief performance at New York's Dr. Susan S. Mckinney Secondary School For The Arts on November 10, 2008.
The Tank, Cruiser, Mk VI or A15 Crusader was one of the primary British cruiser tanks during the early part of the Second World War.
The Crusader tank would not see active service beyond Africa, but the chassis of the tank was modified to create anti-aircraft, fire support, observation, communication, bulldozer and recovery vehicle variants.
The main armament for the Crusader Mark I and II's was an Ordnance QF 2 pounder (40mm) main gun, but the 'Crusader III' was fitted with an Ordnance QF 6 pounder (57mm) main gun.
This variant was more than a match for the mid-generation German Panzer III and Panzer IV tanks that it faced in combat.
As part of the 1st Armoured Brigade, the Crusader was to prove vital during the Battle of El Alamein, at Tobruk and in Tunisia.
Retained in service because of delays with its replacement, by late 1942, the lack of armament upgrades, plus reliability problems due to the harsh desert conditions and the appearance of Tiger I heavy tanks among the German Afrika Korps, saw the Crusader replaced by US-supplied M3 Grant and then by the Sherman medium tanks.
Nuffield, however, preferred to work on its own version of the A13—though it still provided design work for the Covenanter's turret.
It had a different engine from the Covenanter, different steering system and a conventional cooling system with radiators in the engine compartment.
Covenanter used a brand new engine design, whereas Crusader adapted the readily available Liberty engine to fit into a lower profile engine compartment.
At the left side of the front hull—a place occupied by the engine radiator in the Covenanter—was mounted a small hand-traversed auxiliary turret armed with a Besa machine gun.
The main armament, as in other British tanks of the period, was balanced so that the gunner could control its elevation through a padded shaft against his right shoulder rather than using a geared mechanism.
When it was understood that there would be delays in the introduction of successor heavy cruiser tanks (the Cavalier, Centaur and Cromwell), the Crusader was adapted with a six-pounder gun.
Despite reliability problems, the tanks formed the primary unit for British cruiser tank armoured regiments, while the Stuart was used for reconnaissance.
Tanks arriving in North Africa were missing many of the essential tools and servicing manuals needed to maintain operation—stolen or lost in transit.
As tanks broke down, a lack of spare parts meant that many components were replaced with worn parts recovered from other tanks.
When the tanks were returned to the base workshops upon reaching service intervals, many were serviced with components that had already achieved their design lifespan.
III Liberty engine into a flatter format to fit into the Crusader engine compartment had badly affected the tank's water pumps and cooling fan arrangements, both of which were critical in the hot desert temperatures.
Several official and unofficial in-theatre modifications were applied in attempts to improve reliability and conserve water, which otherwise had to be prioritised on keeping the vehicles running.
Calls were made at various points for the vehicles to be replaced with the Valentine infantry tank or US-made M3 Grant tank.
As time moved on, more and more were being returned to base workshops, leading to a shortage of battle-ready tanks and a massive backlog of repair works to be completed.
While the 2-pounder gun had good performance when the tank was introduced, ammunition supply was focused on solid armour-piercing (AP) rounds.
Delays in producing the next generation of cruiser tanks meant the Crusader was later up-armed with the 6-pounder, which had much better anti-tank performance.
A significant area of concern, however, was the driver's compartment, the side of which had been left exposed by the removal of the secondary Besa machine gun turret.
Despite the many problems, the Crusader was successful in combat against Axis tanks, using its better mobility and greater capability to fire on the move to strike at vehicle weak spots.
This caused a change in German tactics, whereby Axis tanks would feign retreat, drawing Crusader units onto a pre-positioned anti-tank gun screen.
This situation continued until the introduction of US-produced vehicles, such as the Grant and then the Sherman, with dual-purpose 75 mm guns.
With the Axis forces in North Africa having pushed the British back to the Egyptian border and the remaining British armour being a mixed force of older tanks with a few Matilda infantry tanks, tanks were hurriedly shipped via the Mediterranean arriving on 12 May 1941.
There were sufficient Crusaders to equip the 6th Royal Tank Regiment (6RTR) which with the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment (2RTR) (with older cruiser tanks) formed the 7th Armoured Brigade.
The rest of the tanks were Matildas for the 4th Armoured Brigade giving the 7th Armoured Division only four tank regiments.
Although there was pressure from London for the 7th Armoured Division to go into action, outfitting for the desert and training delayed the first use of Crusaders until Operation Battleaxe, an attempt to relieve the siege of Tobruk in June.
The 7th Armoured Brigade was re-equipped with further Crusaders, but, as the brigade had been expanded by the addition of 7th Hussars, there were not sufficient Crusaders to replace the older cruiser tanks.
The 22nd Armoured Brigade comprising three inexperienced armoured regiments equipped with Crusaders, transferred to North Africa to bring the 7th Armoured up to a strength of three armoured brigade.
The 8th Hussars was added to the 4th Armoured Brigade, but these had to be equipped with M3 Stuart light tanks as there were still insufficient cruisers.
In Operation Crusader, the two British corps were disposed such that they could not support each other, but it was expected that, as the British outnumbered the German and Italian forces in tanks, the tank against tank battles would be decided in their favour.
The Germans had a few 88 mm guns but were mostly equipped with the PaK 38, a long-barrelled 50 mm gun with a range of 1,000 yards.
The Crusader's 2-pounder (40 mm) gun was as effective as the short-barrelled 50 mm of the Panzer III, although it was out-ranged by the short-barrelled 75 mm of the Panzer IV.
Although the Crusader was faster than any tanks it opposed, its potential was limited by a relatively light QF 2-pounder gun, thin armour, and mechanical problems.
A particular tactical limitation was the lack of a high-explosive shell for the main armament (these existed but were never supplied).
Axis tank forces developed an extremely effective method of dealing with attacking tank forces by retiring behind a screen of concealed anti-tank guns.
With the German anti-tank guns out of range of the tanks' machine guns and without a high-explosive shell to return fire, the tanks were left with the equally unpalatable options of withdrawing under fire or trying to overrun the gun screen.
Poor preparation and handling caused problems that had to be rectified before they could be passed to the regiments and ate into the supply of spare parts.
Once in use, the sand caused erosion in the cooling system and the stresses of hard cross-country travel caused oil leaks between the engine block and the cylinders.
Since there were few tank transporters or railways in the desert, the tanks had to travel long distances on their tracks, causing further wear.
While the inclusion of Grants with its effective 75 mm gun gave better firepower against anti-tank guns and infantry, had better armour, and were more mechanically reliable, they were slower, limiting the Crusaders when they had to operate together.
The German tanks they were facing were improved types with face-hardened frontal armour, which caused 2-pounder shot to shatter rather than penetrate.
Later in the campaign, shipping was improved, Nuffields put an engineering team in Egypt, and crews were better at preventing problems, but the reputation of the Crusader could not recover.
After Montgomery took over command, the imbalance between British and German armour was redressed by better control and the addition of more American-supplied Grant and Sherman tanks.
The British 1st Army landed as part of the Allied operations in Tunisia; some of its units were using the Crusader and these saw action from 24 November.
These were not solely Crusader regiments, but mixed Crusader and Valentine tanks; within each squadron, two troops were Crusader IIIs, and there were Crusader II CSs attached to the Squadron HQ.
The operations of Blade Force were on terrain different from the desert of the earlier campaigns, and the fighting took place with smaller numbers of vehicles.
After the completion of the North African Campaign, the availability of better tanks, such as the Sherman and Cromwell, relegated the Crusader to secondary duties, such as anti-aircraft mounts or gun tractors.
One Crusader was used for testing the 600 hp Rolls-Royce Meteor engine, the increased horsepower over the standard Liberty engine giving a maximum speed in excess of 40 mph.
The turret of a Crusader tank was used by the French Far East Expeditionary Corps to defend the city of Hanoi at the beginning of the first Indochina War.
Due to delays with the Cruiser Mark VII Cavalier and the need for cruiser tanks, the Crusader was up-gunned with the 6-pounder, the first British tank to mount this gun.
Design work for a new turret started in March 1941, but Nuffield was not involved until late in the year, when they adapted the existing turret with a new mantlet and hatch.
The larger gun restricted turret space, so the crew was reduced to three, with the commander also acting as gun loader, a role previously performed by the wireless operator.
The turret was fixed in place, the gun was removed and a dummy barrel fitted to give it the same outward appearance of a regular tank.
The Royal Artillery could then operate the OP tank up front among the fighting units directing artillery fire in their support.
The 6-pounder was replaced with a Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun with an autoloader and powered mounting in an open-topped turret.
However, those Crusader III, AA Mk I used in NW Europe from D-day on did not have the turret, but a 40 mm Bofors gun mounted directly on the hull top with its standard shield.
The Mk III only differed from the Mk II by the position of the radio, which was moved to the hull in order to free some space inside the turret.
Due to Allied air superiority over the battlefields of north-west Europe, none of the AA versions saw much action against aircraft but a few - especially with the 1st Polish Armoured Division - were used against ground targets.
The Crusader gun tractor came out of a need for a vehicle to tow the heavy QF 17 pounder anti-tank gun.
Although nearly as heavy as the gun tank, it was still capable of high speed and was officially limited to .
Unit veterans reported that the Crusader was popular with the crews and were often driven by former Armoured Corps drivers seconded to the Royal Artillery because of their driving experience.
Thus adapted, they credited an empty Crusader with speeds up to and claimed to be able to outrun Military Police motorcycles, which were limited to a wartime speed of just due to low grade petrol.
Crusaders were used for experimentation such as a flotation kit, consisting of two pontoons attached to hull sides, special blades attached to tracks to propel the vehicle in water and a cowl over engine air intakes and cooling louvres.
The Musée des Blindés in France preserves a Mk III anti-aircraft Crusader and the Overloon War Museum in the Netherlands owns a gun-tractor variant.
It is more properly restricted to the product of the gas-phase combustion process but is commonly extended to include the residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke that may become airborne during pyrolysis and that are more properly identified as cokes or char.
Soot as an airborne contaminant in the environment has many different sources, all of which are results of some form of pyrolysis.
They include soot from coal burning, internal-combustion engines, power-plant boilers, hog-fuel boilers, ship boilers, central steam-heat boilers, waste incineration, local field burning, house fires, forest fires, fireplaces, and furnaces.
These exterior sources also contribute to the indoor environment sources such as smoking of plant matter, cooking, oil lamps, candles, quartz/halogen bulbs with settled dust, fireplaces, exhaust emissions from vehicles, and defective furnaces.
Soot in very low concentrations is capable of darkening surfaces or making particle agglomerates, such as those from ventilation systems, appear black.
The difference between the sooting tendencies of aliphatics and aromatics is thought to result mainly from the different routes of formation.
Aliphatics appear to first form acetylene and polyacetylenes, which is a slow process; aromatics can form soot both by this route and also by a more direct pathway involving ring condensation or polymerization reactions building on the existing aromatic structure.
Formation of soot is a complex process, an evolution of matter in which a number of molecules undergo many chemical and physical reactions within a few milliseconds.
Among these diesel emission components, particulate matter has been a serious concern for human health due to its direct and broad impact on the respiratory organs.
In earlier times, health professionals associated PM10 (diameter < 10 μm) with chronic lung disease, lung cancer, influenza, asthma, and increased mortality rate.
In human experimental studies using an exposure chamber setup, DE has been linked to acute vascular dysfunction and increased thrombus formation.
This serves as a plausible mechanistic link between the previously described association between particulate matter air pollution and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Soot mechanism is difficult to model mathematically because of the large number of primary components of diesel fuel, complex combustion mechanisms, and the heterogeneous interactions during soot formation.
Soot models are broadly categorized into three subgroups: empirical (equations that are adjusted to match experimental soot profiles), semi-empirical (combined mathematical equations and some empirical models which used for particle number density and soot volume and mass fraction), and detailed theoretical mechanisms (covers detailed chemical kinetics and physical models in all phases) are usually available in the literature for soot models.
Detailed theoretical soot models contain all the components present in the soot formation with a high level of detailed chemical and physical processes.
Such comprehensive models (detailed models) usually take high financial burden for programming and operating, and much computational time to produce a converged solution.
On the other hand, empirical and semi-empirical models ignore some of the details in order to make complex model simple and to reduce the computational cost and time.
Thanks to recent technological progress in computation, it becomes more feasible to use detailed theoretical models and obtain more realistic results.
Phenomenological soot models, which may be categorized as semi-empirical models, correlate empirically observed phenomena in a way that is consistent with the fundamental theory, but is not directly derived from the theory.
For example, the phenomenological models can predict the soot formation even when several operating conditions are changed in a system and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Examples of sub-models of phonological empirical models could be listed as spray model, lift-off model, heat release model, ignition delay model, etc.
Some languages have the voiceless pre-velar stop, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar stop, though not as front as the prototypical voiceless palatal stop.
Conversely, some languages have the voiceless post-velar stop, which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar stop, though not as back as the prototypical voiceless uvular stop.
Georg Wittig (16 June 1897 – 26 August 1987) was a German chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides in the Wittig reaction.
Wittig was born in Berlin, Germany and shortly after his birth moved with his family to Kassel, where his father was professor at the applied arts high school.
After being an Allied prisoner of war from 1918 till 1919, Wittig found it hard to restart his chemistry studies owing to overcrowding at the universities.
By a direct plea to Karl von Auwers, who was professor for organic chemistry at the University of Marburg at the time, he was able to resume university study and after 3 years was awarded the Ph.D. in organic chemistry.
The successor of Karl von Auwers, Hans Meerwein, accepted Wittig as lecturer, partly because he was impressed by the new 400-page book on stereochemistry that Wittig had written.
The time in Braunschweig became more and more problematic as the Nazis tried to get rid of Karl Fries and Wittig showed solidarity with him.
After the forced retirement of Fries, in 1937 Hermann Staudinger offered Wittig a position at the University of Freiburg, partly because he knew Wittig from his book on stereochemistry in which he supported Staudinger's highly criticized theory of macromolecules.
The 1956 appointment of the nearly sixty-year-old Wittig as head of the organic chemistry department at the University of Heidelberg as successor of Karl Freudenberg was exceptional even at that time.
Most of his awards were presented during this time at Heidelberg, such as the honorary doctorate of the Sorbonne in 1956 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979.
Wittig was well known in the chemistry community for being a consummate experimenter and observer of chemical transformations, while caring very little for the theoretical and mechanistic underpinnings of the work he produced.
Lewis performed in other numerous theatrical productions and was a band member of various rock and roll bands throughout his high school and college years.
Lewis is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and attended Brigham Young University–Idaho for a time hoping to pursue a career in medicine.
From late 2004 to 2006, Lewis spent the majority of his time composing original music working closely with music producer Alex Gibson of Henson Recording Studios, among other notable entities in Hollywood.
Jon recorded part of the song as a homage to Jennifer Hudson after she told him that she loved singing the song around her house.
Chris Garcia, who has worked with Santana and Michelle Branch, Dido and Jewel, produced the album under the guidance of executive producer Don Grierson, a former head of A&R for Capitol and Epic Records.
Lewis wrote or co-wrote several tracks for the album, featuring musicians such as guitarist Nick Lashley, drummer Kenny Aronoff and Blake Mills.
The title track single hit the top 30 charts on Hot AC radio and in November 2008 was one of only fifty songs pre-programmed into all of the new iPhones on display at Apple Stores and AT&T stores across the country.
The production, co-written by Ryan Hayes and Garrett Sherwood, debuted in Idaho in October 2010 and garnered support, which positioned the show into a multi-city theatrical event.
Herbert Louis Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel, (6 November 1870 – 5 February 1963) was a British Liberal politician who was the party leader from 1931 to 1935.
He was the first nominally-practising Jew to serve as a Cabinet minister and to become the leader of a major British political party.
Samuel was the last member of the Liberal Party to hold one of the four Great Offices of State (as Home Secretary from 1931–32 in the National Government of Ramsay MacDonald).
Around 1775, his great-grandfather, Menachem Samuel, had emigrated from Kempen in Posen (now Kepno), not far from the city of Posen (now Poznan), to Britain and his grandfather, Louis Samuel (1794-1859), was born in London.
His father was Edwin Louis Samuel (1825–1877) and his uncle was born Montagu Samuel, but became better known as Samuel Montagu, founder of the eponymous bank.
His eldest brother, Sir Stuart Samuel, was also a successful Liberal politician; his only sister, Mabel (1862–1938) married the influential art-critic Marion Spielmann, from the Spielmann dynasty of bankers and art-connoisseurs.
He was educated at University College School in Hampstead, London and Balliol College, Oxford, but at home he had a Jewish upbringing.
Samuel unsuccessfully fought two general elections before being elected a Member of Parliament at the November 1902 Cleveland by-election, as a member of the Liberal Party.
He was appointed to the Cabinet in 1909 by Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, first as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and then as Postmaster General, President of the Local Government Board and eventually Home Secretary.
He put forward the idea of establishing a British protectorate over Palestine in 1915, and his ideas influenced the Balfour Declaration.
As Home Secretary, Samuel faced a shortage of manpower needed to fight in World War I, and he initiated legislation to offer thousands of Russian refugees (many of them young Jews) a choice between conscription into the British Army or returning to Russia for military service.
At the end of the war he sought election at the general election of 1918 as a Liberal in support of the Coalition government.
In 1917, a Speakers Conference was charged with looking into giving women the vote but did not have, in its terms of reference, consideration to women standing as candidates for parliament.
The vote was passed by 274 to 25, and the government rushed through a bill to make it law in time for the 1918 election.
One month after Britain's declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire in November 1914, Samuel met Chaim Weizmann, who was to become the President of the World Zionist Organization and later the first President of Israel.
In March 1915, Samuel replaced the January 1915 draft version with the final version of his memorandum, toned down from the earlier draft, explicitly ruling out any idea of immediately establishing a Jewish state and emphasizing that non-Jews must receive equal treatment under any scheme.
He was appointed to the position of High Commissioner in 1920, before the Council of the League of Nations approved a British mandate for Palestine.
Nonetheless, the military government withdrew to Cairo in preparation for the expected British Mandate, which was finally granted two years later by the League of Nations.
Technically, Allenby noted, the appointment was illegal, as a civil administration that would compel the inhabitants of an occupied country to express their allegiance to it before a formal peace treaty (with the Ottoman Empire) was signed violated both military law and the Hague Convention.
The Muslim-Christian Association had sent a telegram to Bols: Sir Herbert Samuel regarded as a Zionist leader, and his appointment as first step in formation of Zionist national home in the midst of Arab people contrary to their wishes.
As High Commissioner, Samuel attempted to mediate between Zionist and Arab interests, acting to slow Jewish immigration and win the confidence of the Arab population.
He hoped to gain Arab participation in mandate affairs and to guard their civil and economic rights, but refused them any authority that could be used to stop Jewish immigration and land purchase.
Islamic custom at the time was that the chief Islamic spiritual leader, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, was to be chosen by the temporal ruler, the Ottoman Sultan in Constantinople, from a group of clerics nominated by the indigenous clerics.
After the British conquered Palestine, Samuel chose Haj Amin al Husseini, who later proved a thorn in the side of the British administration in Palestine.
At the same time, he enjoyed the respect of the Jewish community, and he was honoured by being called to the Torah at the Hurva synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem.
He struck a particularly strong relationship with Pinhas Rutenberg, granting him exclusive concessions to produce and distribute electricity in Palestine and Trans-Jordan, often strongly backing Rutenberg in his relations with the Colonial Office in London.
Samuel government signed the Ghor-Mudawarra Land Agreement with the Baysan Valley Bedouin tribes, that earmarked for transfer 179,545 dunams of state land to the Bedouin.
On his return to Britain in 1925, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin asked Samuel to look into the problems of the mining industry.
The Samuel Commission published its report in March 1926, recommending a reorganisation of the industry but rejecting the suggestion of nationalisation.
Two years later, he became deputy leader of the Liberal Party and acted as leader in the summer of 1931 when Lloyd George was ill.
Under Samuel, the party served in the first National Government of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald formed in August 1931, with Samuel himself serving as Home Secretary.
However the government's willingness to consider the introduction of protectionist tariffs and call a general election to seek a mandate led to the Liberal Party fragmenting into three distinct groups.
The government's moves to introduce tariffs caused further friction for the Liberals, and Samuel withdrew the party from the government in stages, first obtaining the suspension of cabinet collective responsibility on the matter to allow Liberal members of the government to oppose tariffs.
Finally, in November 1933, Samuel and the bulk of the Liberal MPs crossed the floor of the House of Commons and opposed the government outright.
In 1937, he was granted the title Viscount Samuel; later that year, Samuel, despite his Jewish ancestry, aligned himself with Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy towards Adolf Hitler, urged that Germany be cleared of its 1914 war guilt and recommended the return of German colonies lost after the war.
During the 1951 general election, on 15 October 1951, Samuel became the first British politician to deliver a party political broadcast on television.
The three works tended to conflict with the beliefs of the scientific establishment, especially as his collaborator and friend in the last work was Herbert Dingle.
Adam de la Halle, also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback) (1240–1287) was a French-born trouvère, poet and musician.
His father, Henri de la Halle, was a well-known Citizen of Arras, and Adam studied grammar, theology, and music at the Cistercian abbey of Vaucelles, near Cambrai.
Afterwards he joined the household of Robert II, Count of Artois; and then was attached to Charles of Anjou, brother of Louis IX, whose fortunes he followed in Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Italy.
Adam's shorter pieces are accompanied by music, of which a transcript in modern notation, with the original score, is given in Coussemaker's edition.
The melodies to which these are set have the character of folk music, and are more spontaneous and melodious than the more elaborate music of his songs and motets.
It grew out of the Muslim Youth organization, an Islamist organization founded in Kabul by students and teachers at Kabul University in 1969 to combat communism in Afghanistan.
Another source describes it as having splintered away from Burhanuddin Rabbani's original Islamist party, Jamiat-e Islami, in 1976, after Hekmatyar found that group too moderate and willing to compromise with others.
Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Muslim Brotherhood and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state.
In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own Hezbi Islami, known as the Khalis faction, with its power base in Nangarhar.
Neither Hezbi Islami nor Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin were on the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations from 2001 to 2006.
, the International Security Assistance Force estimated that the military component of Hezbi Islam was about 1,000 strong, including part-time fighters.
On 18 September 2012 Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility of a suicide attack in Kabul, carried out by an 18-year-old woman in which nine people were killed.
On 16 May 2013 Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility for another attack in Kabul in the form of an explosive-loaded Toyota Corolla that was rammed into a pair of American military vehicles in which 16 people were killed.
Some languages have the voiced pre-velar stop, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiced velar stop, though not as front as the prototypical voiced palatal stop.
Conversely, some languages have the voiced post-velar stop, which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical voiced velar stop, though not as back as the prototypical voiced uvular stop.
The Unicode character renders as either a single-storey G or a double-storey G depending on font; the character is always a single-storey G, but it is generally available only in fonts with the IPA Extensions Unicode character block.
Of the six stops that would be expected from the most common pattern worldwide—that is, three places of articulation plus voicing ()— and are the most frequently missing, being absent in about 10% of languages that otherwise have this pattern.
Missing , on the other hand, is widely scattered around the world, for example /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Dutch, Czech, Finnish or Slovak and occurs only in borrowed words in those languages.
A few languages, such as Modern Standard Arabic and urban Levantine dialects, are missing both, although most Modern Arabic dialects have in their native phonemic systems as a reflex of or less commonly of .
Ian Maddieson speculates that this may be due to a physical difficulty in voicing velars: Voicing requires that air flow into the mouth cavity, and the relatively small space allowed by the position of velar consonants means that it will fill up with air quickly, making voicing difficult to maintain in for as long as it is in or .
This could have two effects: and might become confused, and the distinction is lost, or perhaps a never develops when a language first starts making voicing distinctions.
With uvulars, where there is even less space between the glottis and tongue for airflow, the imbalance is more extreme: Voiced is much rarer than voiceless .
The Douglas SBD Dauntless is a World War II American naval scout plane and dive bomber that was manufactured by Douglas Aircraft from 1940 through 1944.
The SBD is best remembered as the bomber that delivered the fatal blows to the Japanese carriers at the Battle of Midway in June 1942.
It possessed long range, good handling characteristics, maneuverability, potent bomb load, great diving characteristics from the perforated dive brakes, good defensive armament, and ruggedness.
One land-based variant of the SBD – in omitting the arrestor hook — was purpose-built for the U.S. Army Air Forces, as the A-24 Banshee.
The Northrop BT-2 was developed from the BT-1 by modifications ordered in November 1937, and provided the basis of the SBD, which first entered service in mid-1939.
The plane was developed at the Douglas El Segundo, CA plant, and that facility, along with the company's Oklahoma City plant, built almost all the SBDs produced.
The SBD-1 went to the Marine Corps in late 1940, and the SBD-2 to the Navy in early 1941, replacing the SBU Corsair and Curtiss SBC Helldiver squadrons on US carriers.
25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force—but the RNZAF soon replaced them with the larger, faster, heavier and land-based Vought F4U Corsairs.
First assigned to the 27th Bombardment Group (Light) at Hunter Field, Georgia, A-24s flew in the Louisiana maneuvers of September 1941.
There were three versions of the Banshee (A-24, A-24A and A-24B) flown by the army to a very minor degree in the early stages of the war.
U.S. Navy and Marine Corps SBDs saw their first action at Pearl Harbor, when most of the Marine Corps SBDs of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 232 (VMSB-232) were destroyed on the ground at Ewa Mooring Mast Field.
Most U.S. Navy SBDs flew from their aircraft carriers, which did not operate in close cooperation with the rest of the fleet.
Several Navy SBDs were flying to Pearl Harbor from carriers on the morning of 7 December, and engaged with Japanese aircraft.
In February–March 1942, SBDs from the carriers , , and , took part in various raids on Japanese installations in the Gilbert Islands, the Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Rabaul, Wake Island, and Marcus Island.
The first major use of the SBD in combat was at the Battle of the Coral Sea where SBDs and TBD Devastators sank the Japanese light aircraft carrier (CVL) and damaged the Japanese fleet carrier .
Their relatively heavy gun armament with two forward-firing M2 Browning machine guns and either one or two rear flexible-mount AN/M2 machine guns was effective against the lightly built Japanese fighters, and many pilots and gunners took aggressive attitudes to the fighters that attacked them.
Four squadrons of Navy SBD dive bombers attacked and sank or fatally damaged all four Japanese fleet carriers present, disabling three of them in the span of just six minutes (, , ) and, later in the day, .
One squadron, VMSB-241, flying from Midway Atoll, was not trained in the techniques of dive-bombing with their new Dauntlesses (having just partially converted from the SB2U Vindicator).
This led to many of the SBDs being shot down when they became vulnerable during their glide, although one survivor from these attacks is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum and is the last surviving aircraft to fly in the battle.
SBDs attacked Japanese shipping throughout the campaign, and proved lethal to Japanese shipping that failed to clear the slot by daylight.
During the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, a long range twilight strike was made against the retreating Japanese fleet, at (or beyond) the limit of the attacking airplanes' combat radius.
Twenty were lost to enemy action in the attack, while 80 more were lost when one by one they expended their fuel and had to ditch into the sea.
The Battle of the Philippine Sea was the last major engagement where SBDs made up a significant part of the carrier-borne bomber force.
Although the Curtiss Helldiver had a more powerful engine, a higher maximum speed and could carry nearly a thousand pounds more in bomb load, many of the dive bomber pilots preferred the SBD, which was lighter and had better low-speed handling characteristics, critical for carrier landings.
The Dauntless was one of the most important aircraft in the Pacific War, sinking more enemy shipping in the War in the Pacific than any other Allied bomber.
The last SBD rolled off the assembly lines at the Douglas Aircraft plant in El Segundo, California, on 21 July 1944.
From Pearl Harbor through April 1944, SBDs had flown 1,189,473 operational hours, with 25 percent of all operational hours flown off aircraft carriers being in SBDs.
Its battle record shows that in addition to six Japanese carriers, 14 enemy cruisers had been sunk, along with six destroyers, 15 transports or cargo ships and scores of various lesser craft.
The U.S. Army Air Forces sent 52 A-24 Banshees in crates to the Philippines in the fall of 1941 to equip the 27th Bombardment Group, whose personnel were sent separately.
However, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, these bombers were diverted to Australia and the 27th BG fought on the Bataan Peninsula as infantry.
While in Australia the aircraft were reassembled for flight to the Philippines but their missing parts, including solenoids, trigger motors and gun mounts delayed their shipment.
Plagued with mechanical problems, the A-24s were diverted to the 91st Bombardment Squadron and designated for assignment to Java Island instead.
After the Japanese downed two A-24s and damaged three so badly that they could no longer fly, the 91st received orders to evacuate Java in early March.
On 26 July 1942, seven A-24s attacked a convoy off Buna, but only one survived: the Japanese shot down five of them and damaged the sixth so badly that it did not make it back to base.
From December 1943 until March 1944, the 531st Fighter Squadron of the 7th Air Force flew A-24Bs from Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands against Japanese controlled islands in the Marshall Islands.
The 407th Bomb Group, assigned to the 11th Air Force, flew A-24Bs against the Japanese held island of Kiska, Alaska, during July and August 1943.
The B model was similar to the previous A-24 model but had a more powerful engine than either the A-24 or A-24A.
The A-24B lacked the small air intake on the top of the engine cowling present on the earlier models and that is an easy way to distinguish the B model.
A handful of A-24s survived in the inventory of the USAAF long enough to be taken over by the Air Force (USAF) when that service became independent of the Army in September 1947.
A total of 174 Dauntlesses were ordered by the French Navy, but with the fall of France in the spring of 1940 that production batch was diverted to the U.S. Navy, which ordered 410 more.
The most combat-experienced of the Banshee units was GC 1/18 Vendee, which flew A-24Bs in support of Allied forces in southern France and also experienced how deadly German flak was, losing several aircraft in 1944.
In late 1947 during one operation in the Indochina War, Flotille 4F flew 200 missions and dropped 65 tons of bombs.
By 1949, the French Navy removed the Dauntless from combat status although the type was still flown as a trainer through 1953.
The Royal New Zealand Air Force received 18 SBD-3s and 23 SBD-4s, and RNZAF 25 Squadron used them successfully in combat over the South Pacific.
Under the original plan, four Squadrons (25, 26, 27 and 28 Sqn) of the RNZAF were going to be equipped with the Dauntless, but only 25 Sqn used them.
The U.S. Army awards units the Army MUC for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding achievement or service in combat or non-combat, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps award units the Navy MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service in combat or non-combat, and the U.S. Coast Guard awards units the Coast Guard MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service not involving combat.
The previously authorized emblem was a gold color embroidered laurel wreath, 1 inches in diameter on a 2 inches square of olive drab cloth.
The Army MUC (previously called the Meritorious Service Unit Plaque) is awarded to units for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding services for at least six continuous months during the period of military operations against an armed enemy occurring on or after 1 January 1944.
The unit must display such outstanding devotion and superior performance of exceptionally difficult tasks as to set it apart and above other units with similar missions.
The degree of achievement required is the same as that which would warrant award of the Legion of Merit (LOM) to an individual.
For services performed during World War II, awards will be made only to service units and only for services performed between 1 January 1944 and 15 September 1946.
Effective 1 March 1961, the MUC was authorized for units or detachments of the Armed Forces of the United States for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding services for at least six continuous months (a month is considered 30 calendar days) during military operations against an armed enemy without regard to duties performed or the type of unit performing the duties.
Such service is interpreted to relate to combat service support type activities and not to the type of activities performed by senior headquarters, combat, or combat support units.
Effective 11 September 2001, the MUC is authorized for units and/or detachments of the Armed Forces of the United States for exceptionally meritorious performance for at least six continuous months (a month is considered 30 calendar days) during military operations against an armed enemy without regard to type of duties performed or the type of unit performing the duties.
The emblem is thought of as an individual decoration for those in connection with the cited acts and is approved to be worn if they continue as members with the unit or not.
Other personnel serving with the unit are approved to wear the emblem to show that the unit is a recipient of the MUC.
The circular provided units which received the Plaque were entitled to wear on their right sleeves of their service coat and shirt (four inches from the end) the Meritorious Service Unit Insignia.
On 16 May 1947, AR 260-15 announced the MUC, granted the wear of the MUC emblem, and provided for the display of the scarlet MUC streamer, with the name of the applicable theater of operations in white letters.
On 11 April 1949, TAG advised D/PA that the stock position was such that it would not be exhausted prior to 1959.
By Comment 2, 1 March 1960, DCSPER stated that for planning purposes the new Meritorious Service Unit emblem would be authorized for wear on or after 1 January 1961, with wear of the old one prohibited after 30 June 1962.
However, the stock level was still so high that it was not introduced into the supply system until 14 July 1966.
This award may also be conferred upon units of the other branches of the U.S. Armed Forces, and the armed forces of friendly foreign nations serving with U.S. Armed Forces, provided such units meet the standards established for Navy and Marine Corps units.
To justify this award, the unit must have performed service of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of a Bronze Star Medal, or achievement of like caliber in a non-combat situation, to an individual.
An award will not be made to a unit for actions of one or more of its component parts, unless the unit performed uniformly as a team in a manner fully justifying collective recognition.
The Coast Guard MUC was established in November 1973, and is awarded in the name of the Commandant of the Coast Guard.
The MUC may be awarded to any unit of the Coast Guard that has distinguished itself by either valorous or meritorious achievement or service in support of Coast Guard operations not involving combat.
The Commandant may also bestow the award upon a unit of another branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, provided the unit meets the standards established for Coast Guard units.
To justify the award, the service performed as a unit must be comparable to that which would meet the award of a Coast Guard Achievement Medal (CGAM) to an individual.
A Coast Guard MUC will not be awarded to a large unit for actions of one or more of its sub-units unless the entire unit performed as a team.
Their aggressive, hard-edged sound has been a major influence on punk and garage music worldwide, and they have been named as inspirations to Nirvana, Bruce Springsteen, the Fall, and other major artists.
Their catalogue is generally based around simple chord progressions, often performed with a speed and tonal aggression that was novel for the time, making the band a notable influence on later punk rock bands.
The Sonics were formed in 1960 in Tacoma, Washington by teen-aged guitarist Larry Parypa, with the encouragement of his music-loving parents.
The earliest lineup included Parypa, drummer Mitch Jaber, and guitarist Stuart Turner; Parypa's brother Jerry briefly played saxophone, and their mother occasionally filled in on bass at rehearsals.
When Turner left for the army, Rich Koch (who had previously played with the Wailers) joined as lead guitarist, and Marilyn Lodge became their first singer, the band having been an instrumental combo up to that point.
Larry began looking for a drummer to replace Dean, who he felt was uncommitted to the band, and found Bob Bennett playing in a band called the Searchers, with keyboardist Gerry Roslie and sax player Rob Lind.
Ray Michelsen was looking to leave the band, so the Parypas hired Bennett, Roslie, and Lind, and let their previous saxophonist Mabin go.
The well-known lineup was in place, but the Sonics' career did not begin in earnest until 1964, when Gerry Roslie started singing lead vocals.
With Roslie as lead singer, the band started playing gigs at local venues such as the Red Carpet, Olympia's Skateland, the Evergreen Ballroom, Perl's (Bremerton), the Spanish Castle Ballroom, and St. Mary's Parish Hall.
They soon were scouted by Buck Ormsby, bassist for popular Northwest band the Wailers, and signed to Etiquette Records, the Wailers' own record label.
The record was immensely popular with local kids, and went on to become the biggest selling local single in the history of the Northwest despite its radio airplay being restricted because of its bizarre subject matter.
Although it has been rumoured that Jerden executives pushed the Sonics into a more polished sound, the band itself had decided to follow new influences in modern music, resulting in songs that were quite different from their raucously early recordings.
The original band fell apart between 1966 and 1968, with members leaving to attend university or join other bands; saxophonist Rob Lind became a fighter pilot in the Vietnam War.
Eventually, all of the original members left, with new members continuing on with the name Sonics (later 'Jim Brady and the Sonics') until 1980, although it was a completely different band, at times even incorporating string and horn sections.
The emergence of punk rock in the late '70s and grunge in the '90s led to new interest in the Sonics, and much of their material was re-released by labels in the US and Europe.
Larry and Andy Parypa continued performing with various bands in the Northwest, while Roslie, Lind, and Bennett pursued careers outside of music.
Their music was further impressed upon younger generations through a movement known as The Beat Army, an online music forum based on Facebook which is operated by author and music producer Paul Collins.
The line up featured original members Gerry Roslie on vocals and keyboards, Larry Parypa on guitar, and Rob Lind on tenor sax, with Ricky Lynn Johnson (of the Wailers) on drums and Don Wilhelm (of the Daily Flash) on bass and vocals.
Since then, they have played the Primavera Festival in Barcelona, followed by Bilbao, then the Sjock Festival in Belgium, Norway, and the Azkena Rock Festival in Vitoria in the Basque Country.
Their first show in their home region since their last Seattle reunion in 1972 was on Halloween 31 October 2008 at the Paramount Theatre in Seattle, where they were introduced and joined onstage for several songs by Steven Van Zandt.
Bob Bennett was also present to sit in on drums albeit only for a few songs and only while Ricky Lynn Johnson played in unison.
In 2009 Freddie Dennis, formerly of Freddie and the Screamers, the Kingsmen, and the Liverpool 5, took Wilhelm's place as bassist and vocalist.
In 2012 Johnson was replaced by drummer Dusty Watson, who has played with Slacktone, Agent Orange, Dick Dale, the Surfaris, Davie Allan and the Arrows, Lita Ford, the Supersuckers, The Boss Martians, Fur Dixon and others.
On May 2, 2016 an announcement was posted by Rob Lind on the band's Facebook site that Gerry Roslie and Larry Parypa would no longer be continuing as touring members of the band although they will still be involved in recording and Larry will occasionally be playing live with the band.
Their positions are being filled on a touring basis by Jake Cavaliere of the Lords of Altamont on keyboards and Evan Foster of the Boss Martians on guitar.
The band also have a clearly marked influence on American punk bands such as the Cramps and the Dead Boys in their brash, menacing style and attitude, and on 1980s grunge bands (who originated in the same area), especially Mudhoney, who adopted some of the darker themes from Sonics music, and a lot of their techniques on over-driving and distorting electric guitars.
As well as all these, there have been whole generations of garage rock revival bands (such as The Thingz) who make no bones of plagiarizing The Sonics and their ilk.
The early 21st century saw the arrival of another garage rock band that lists the Sonics as a major influence, Eagles of Death Metal.
The Sonics recorded very, very cheaply on a two track you know, and they just used one microphone over the drums, and they got the most amazing drum sound I've ever heard.
Japandroids have repeatedly cited The Sonics, one of the few acts that both members could agree on, as a basis for their way of recording and performing.
Homeported at Norfolk, Virginia, she conducted further tests and trials in early 1962 before joining Destroyer Squadron 18 (DesRon 18) and Destroyer Division 182 (DesDiv 182) in July.
By 25 May 1967, there was evidence that a crisis was brewing in the Middle East that eventually lead up to The Six Day War, 5-10 Jun 1967.
This task group also joined up with TG 60.2, the carrier Saratoga CVA-60, and her destroyers under the command of Rear Admiral Geis.
On the morning of 2 June 1967, soviet destroyers appeared and began constantly cutting in and out of the carriers formation.
The Sampson was ordered to shadow one soviet destroyer, hull number 626 and attempt to keep it out of the carriers formation.
On 5 June 1967, the word was passed over the !-MC, the ship-wide general announcement system, to set condition three, an advanced state of defensive readiness.
On 8 June 1967 the USS Liberty AGTR-5 was attacked by Israeli fighter jets aircraft and Israeli Navy motor torpedo boats.
The Sampson was a member of the force which steamed to rendezvoused with the heavily damaged USS Liberty (AGTR-5) 9 June.
She returned to Charleston in February 1969 and resumed operations in the Atlantic and the Caribbean until redeploying to the Mediterranean in October of that year.
During the first three months of the new year, she operated in the vicinity of the British West Indies; then prepared for overseas movement.
She was in Charleston during the period 9 July to 18 August, at which time Sampson stood out for her new home port, Athens, Greece.
The guided missile destroyer remained in the Mediterranean, home ported at Athens, Greece under command of Commander Richard (Dick) Carson, throughout 1973 and into 1974.
In 1973 she was dispatched to and docked in Tunis, Tunisia where she provided communication link for Helos of USS Forrestal for the Medjerda River flood.
After transiting the Suez canal and Red Sea, the Sampson shadowed the Soviet carrier Minsk & cruiser Tashkent in the Indian ocean, and made port calls in Djibouti, and in Karachi.
Once there the Sampson performed the final Adams class guided missile destroyer deployment as a unit of the Maritime Interception Force, conducting the first boarding and search of a merchant on 28 AUG 1990, during OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and the first diversion of a ship with prohibited cargo.
After conducting the first-ever exercise ASROC shot in the Red Sea, USS SAMPSON operated with ships of various NATO navies conducting surveillance and protection of shipping in the approaches to the Suez Canal.
Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of fine-grained, silt-sized particles of rock, generated by mechanical grinding of bedrock by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size.
Because the material is very small, it becomes suspended in meltwater making the water appear cloudy, which is sometimes known as glacial milk.
When flows of the flour are extensive, a distinct layer of a different colour flows into the lake and begins to dissipate and settle as the flow extends from the increase in water flow from the glacier during snow melts and heavy rain periods.
Examples of this phenomenon may be seen at Lake Pukaki and Lake Tekapo in New Zealand, Lake Louise, Moraine Lake, Emerald Lake, and Peyto Lake in Canada, Gjende lake in Norway, and several lakes (among others, Nordenskjöld and Pehoé) in Chile's Torres del Paine National Park.
Typically, natural rock flour is formed during glacial migration, where the glacier grinds against the sides and bottom of the rock beneath it, but also is produced by freeze-and-thaw action, where the act of water freezing and expanding in cracks helps break up rock formations.
Rock flour particles may travel great distances either suspended in water or carried by the wind, in the latter case forming deposits called loess.
His ideas were not taken up due to technical limitations and, according to proponents of his method, because of opposition from the champions of conventional fertilisers.
John D. Hamaker argued that widespread remineralization of soils with rock dust will be necessary to reverse soil depletion by current agriculture and forestry practice.
While this originally was an alternative concept, increasing mainstream research has been devoted to soil amendment and other benefits of rock flour application: for instance, a pilot project on the use of glacial rock, granite and basaltic fines by the U.S. Department of Agriculture exists at the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.
The Soil Remineralization Forum was established with sponsorship from the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and has commissioned a portfolio of research into the benefits of using mineral fines.
In chemistry, racemization is a conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction, of an optically active compound into an optically inactive form which half of the optically active substance becomes its mirror image (enantiomer) referred as racemic mixtures(i.e.
If the racemization results in a mixture where the and enantiomers are present in equal quantities, the resulting sample is described as a racemic mixture or a racemate.
Racemization can proceed through a number of different mechanisms, and it has particular significance in pharmacology as different enantiomers may have different pharmaceutical effects.
The notation is not to be confused with and naming of molecules which refers to the similarity in structure to -glyceraldehyde and -glyceraldehyde.
Enantiomers should also be distinguished from diastereomers which are a type of stereoisomer that have different molecular structures around a stereocenter and are not mirror images.
Racemate may have different physical properties from either of the pure enantiomers because of the differential intermolecular interactions (see Biological Significance section).
The change from a pure enantiomer to a racemate can change its density, melting point, solubility, heat of fusion, refractive index, and its various spectra.
In general, most biochemical reactions are stereoselective, so only one stereoisomer will produce the intended product while the other simply does not participate or can cause side-effects.
This is due to the fact that many biological molecules are chiral and thus the reactions between specific enantiomers produce pure stereoisomers.
These polypeptides are less digestible by peptidases and are synthesized by bacterial enzymes instead of mRNA translation which would normally produce -amino acids.
The stereoselective nature of most biochemical reactions meant that different enantiomers of a chemical may have different properties and effects on a person.
amphetamine is often dispensed as racemic salts while the more active dextroamphetamine is reserved for refractory cases or more severe indications; another example is methadone, of which one isomer has activity as an opioid agonist and the other as an NMDA antagonist.
The drug is therefore not considered safe for use by women of child-bearing age, and while it has other uses, its use is tightly controlled.
The rate of racemization (from -forms to a mixture of -forms and -forms) has been used as a way of dating biological samples in tissues with slow rates of turnover, forensic samples, and fossils in geological deposits.
British Forces Germany (BFG) was the generic name for the three services of the British military, made up of service personnel, UK Civil Servants and dependents (family members), based in Germany.
It was first established following the Second World War the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG).
With the end of the Cold War and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, BFG as a whole has been considerably reduced.
Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the permanent deployment will end by 2020. , there were 2,850 troops in Germany, down from 19,100 in April 2010.
First established following the Second World War, the forces grew during the Cold War, consisting by the early 1980s of I (BR) Corps made up of four divisions; 1st Armoured Division, 2nd Armoured Division, 3rd Armoured Division and the 4th Armoured Division.
Disbandment of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG) in 1994, following the end of the Cold War and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, reduced the personnel strength of the British Armed Forces in Germany by almost 30,000 with just one division (1st Armoured Division) remaining.
The General Officer Commanding UKSC also functioned as head of the British Forces Liaison Organisation (Germany), which is responsible for liaising and maintaining relations with German civil authorities.
HQ British Forces Germany was formed in January 2012 replacing the United Kingdom Support Command (Germany) (UKSC(G)) and the Germany Support Group (GSG).
Rhine Garrison, which principally comprised HQ British Forces Germany in the Rheindahlen Military Complex and Elmpt Station, also reduced in size; the HQ moved to Bielefeld in July 2013 and other units returned to the UK.
With the departure of Major General John Henderson in March 2015, the Commanding Officer of British Forces Germany became a brigadier's post, with Brigadier Ian Bell assuming command.
Under the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, permanent deployment will end by 2019, although some training will still be undertaken with regards to NATO capability.
The British Army Germany rugby union team regularly played games against emerging rugby nations like Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
The ships were equipped with two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers.
They were fired via the dual-arm Mk 11 missile launcher and the ships stowed a total of 42 missiles for the launcher.
The series was originally hosted by Alan Titchmarsh, Charlie Dimmock and Tommy Walsh and was produced by Endemol for the BBC.
In each episode, a team of gardeners make over the garden of an individual who has been nominated by a member of their family or a friend.
Whilst that individual is away, the team, assisted by friends and family, make over the garden over two days, and surprise the individual on their return.
Titchmarsh left in 2002, saying that he felt the series was becoming repetitive and because he wasn't able to work with materials like stainless steel and do intricate brickwork patterns due to time and money constraints.
A number of new five-minute segments were filmed for Ground Force Revisited and appended onto repeats of earlier episodes, where Dimmock and Walsh revisited the garden concerned to surprise the owners and see how the gardens had developed.
The series was credited with helping the increase in sales of garden decking in the late 1990s and early 2000s due to its use during the series.
It took place in the forecourt of the British Museum in London, where the team designed and created the Africa Garden as part of the Africa 05 celebration, the biggest celebration of African culture organised in the UK.
NAIA schools that are not members of an athletic conference are members of the Association of Independent Institutions (AII), which provides member services to the institution and allows members to compete in postseason competition.
The original lineup of the group evolved from a Los Angeles band, the Red Roosters, which included Randy California (born as Randy Craig Wolfe)(guitars, vocals), Mark Andes (bass), and Jay Ferguson (vocals, percussion).
Before returning to his native state, California previously played with Jimi Hendrix as a member of Jimmy James and the Blue Flames in New York City's Greenwich Village in 1966.
His earlier career was primarily in jazz and included stints with Cannonball Adderley, Gerry Mulligan, Roland Kirk, Thelonious Monk, and Lee Konitz.
Early demo recordings by the band were produced by their Topanga Canyon roommate Barry Hansen, later known as the radio host Dr. Demento.
In August 1967, the record producer Lou Adler (known for his work with The Mamas & the Papas and The Grass Roots) signed the band to his label, Ode Records.
The album had jazz influences and used elaborate string arrangements (not found on their subsequent recordings) and is the most overtly psychedelic of their albums.
Jimmy Page's use of a theremin has been attributed to his seeing Randy California use one that he had mounted to his amplifier.
California was still in the line-up, but he had suffered a head injury from a horse riding accident and was unable to tour.
Bass player Al Staehely was recruited by Locke and Cassidy, and they toured briefly before deciding that they had to add a guitar player to do the music justice.
Al's brother, John Christian (Chris) Staehely, auditioned for the band and was quickly brought on board, departing the Texas rock group Krackerjack.
It was a different turn for the group, showing more of a country rock influence pervading their jazzier tendencies, but it only met with a mild commercial response, also reaching No.
Cassidy decided to capitalize on the new demand for the group and put together an entirely new group for touring purposes, which lasted throughout the year.
Andes worked with the duo for a while, but never intended to stay, as he was in the process of working with the group Firefall at the same time.
In early 1975, the group was supposed to be the opening act for Ten Years After at a show in Florida, but when Ten Years After backed out at the last minute, Spirit was granted permission to take over the theatre for the evening.
After going around to local radio stations to promote the show and setting a low ($3) ticket price, Spirit managed to sell out the 3,000-seat theatre.
Using the profits from the show, they blocked out as much time as they could at Studio 70 in Tampa, Florida.
After recording a large amount of material at the studio, their manager at the time, Marshall Berle (the nephew of Milton Berle), offered the cache of tapes to Mercury Records.
California would later claim that he didn't recognize Young, but at the time was angry with Young for upstaging what he saw as his own comeback.
California moved over in front of Neil and began pushing him backwards, away from the microphone, back past the drumkit and offstage.
Young, along with a host of music and film luminaries, including New Hollywood director Hal Ashby, had been hanging out with the band backstage before they went on, and Locke (a friend of Young) had invited the guitarist to join them in their encore.
When Locke saw California pushing Young offstage, he got up from his piano and said that he had had enough and didn't ever want to play with California again, walking off stage.
Cassidy initially quelled the situation by leaving his kit and physically pulling both California and Young back onstage to the microphone to close out the song, asking the audience to sing along with them.
The German TV/radio programme Rockpalast recorded and broadcast Spirit's entire show of March 4/5, 1978, including the encore jam where Dickey Betts joined the band.
This trio line-up also recorded a heavily-overdubbed live album (also released in 1978) that was released in slightly different configurations in several countries by different independent labels.
Consequently, in 1981, California released an overdubbed selection of tracks from the original album alongside several unrelated songs dating from the late 1970s.
It was released in the United States by Rhino Records (a nascent archival label with ties to Dr. Demento) and in Britain by Beggars Banquet Records, a well-regarded independent label specializing in punk rock and its derivations.
When the power generator failed—allegedly because the operator had fallen asleep stoned and neglected to refill the fuel—Heyman performed a twenty-minute solo while the situation was rectified.
In December 1982, the original Spirit line-up re-formed and recorded several songs from their first four albums (as well as a few new tracks) live on a soundstage.
While some of the original members went on to do other projects, California and Cassidy continued touring with new members Scott Monahan on keyboards and Dave Waterbury on bass.
Following a few live dates in England, California returned to the United States and resumed touring extensively with Cassidy, Monahan, and Waterbury.
Although the group (including California, Cassidy, Locke, Nile, Monahan, and George Valuck on keyboards) toured extensively in support, the album failed to return them to the charts.
Though they would release very few albums of new material during the decade, the group was always either recording or touring.
California had his own home recording studio since the early 1980s, though he had been making home recordings for years prior to that.
Starting in 2000, there have been five collections of previously unreleased studio and live material, four of which were two-CD sets.
The two-CD set was released in early 1997, though it raised the ire of some fans who did not care for the fact that some of the material had been re-edited or featured overdubbing that was not present on the original releases.
Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960s.
Following proving flights by United Airlines of the DC-4E it became obvious that the 52-seat airliner was too large to operate economically and the partner airlines recommended a long list of changes required to the design.
Douglas took the new requirement and produced a new design, the DC-4A, with a simpler unpressurised fuselage, R-2000 Twin Wasp engines and a single fin and rudder.
With the entry of the United States into World War II, in December 1941 the War Department took over the provision orders for the airlines and allocated them to the United States Army Air Forces with the designation C-54 Skymaster.
To meet military requirements the first production aircraft had four additional auxiliary fuel tanks in the main cabin which reduced the passenger seats to 26.
The following batch of aircraft were designated C-54A and were built with a stronger floor, cargo door with a hoist and winch.
With the introduction of the C-54B in March 1944, the outer wings were changed to hold integral fuel tanks allowing two of the cabin tanks to be removed; this allowed 49 seats (or 16 stretchers) to be fitted.
The C-54C was a hybrid for Presidential use, it had a C-54A fuselage with four cabin fuel tanks and the C-54B wings with built-in tanks to achieve maximum range.
With the C-54E the last two cabin fuel tanks were moved to the wings which allowed more freight or 44 passenger seats.
A total of 1,163 C-54/R5Ds were built for the United States military between 1942 and January 1946; another 79 DC-4s were built postwar.
The DC-4/C-54 proved a popular and reliable type, 1245 being built between May 1942 and August 1947, including 79 postwar DC-4s.
The type's sales prospects were affected when 500 wartime ex military C-54s and R5Ds came onto the civil market, many being converted to DC-4 standard by Douglas.
Douglas produced 79 new-build DC-4s between January 1946 and August 9, 1947, the last example being delivered to South African Airways (8).
Purchasers of new-build DC-4s included Pan American Airways, National Airlines, Northwest Airlines and Western Airlines in the US, and KLM Royal Dutch Air Lines, Scandinavian Airlines System, Iberia Airlines of Spain, Swissair, Air France, Sabena Belgian World Airlines, Cubana de Aviación, Avianca, Aerolíneas Argentinas, Aeropostal of Venezuela (1946) and South African Airways overseas.
Among the earliest were Aerolíneas Argentinas (1946), Aeropostal of Venezuela (1946), Iberia Airlines of Spain (1946), and Cubana de Aviación (1948).
Buffalo Airways in Canada's Northwest Territories owns eleven DC-4s (former C-54s of various versions); four for hauling cargo and three for aerial firefighting.
One ex-Buffalo DC4 (N55CW c/n 10673, currently registered to AIRCRAFT GUARANTY CORP TRUSTEE) is fitted with spray bars on top of the wings and is currently based in Florida on standby for oil pollution control.
Following her successful participation in modern naval warfare training exercises and calls at various Far Eastern ports, she departed Yokosuka 24 January 1965 and arrived San Diego 6 February.
The latter month also brought a call at Portland, Oreg., and a visit, on the 24th, by the Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. David L. McDonald.
Early in the new year 1966, the destroyer prepared for her third tour of duty in support of 7th Fleet operations in WestPac.
Overhaul in San Francisco took her through the fall and into the winter months, culminating in her return to homeport on 3 February 1967.
After calling at Pearl Harbor 31 July and Yokosuka, Japan, 5 August, she commenced Tonkin Gulf operations 25 August in the screen for .
She spent the spring of each year on the west coast of the United States and then, in late spring or early summer, she deployed to WestPac.
During that year she remained on the west coast, engaged in normal operations out of San Diego, where she was berthed as of January 1974.
When the Robison arrived that evening only 262 people survived of the 300+ that disembarked from Vietnam to escape the horrors of their homeland.
Within weeks of rescuing the first group, a second group was spotted with a very small contingent of people; 21 to be precise.
The seas were stormy so the people were taken below decks and cared for as the ship transited to the Philippines where they would be processed for emigration to the United States.
The guided missile destroyer decommissioned on 1 October 1991, was struck from the navy list on 20 November 1992 and sold to Consolidated Metals, Inc., for scrapping.
Ray Stark (October 3, 1915 – January 17, 2004) was one of the most successful and prolific independent film producers in postwar Hollywood.
In 1980, the Motion Picture Academy awarded him the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for a lifetime of achievement in film.
Raymond Otto Stark was born on October 3, 1915, in Manhattan, the second child of Sadie (née Gotlieb) and Maximilian Stark.
Ray attended grade school in Manhattan, skipping two grades, before attending The Kohut School, a boarding school for boys in Harrison, New York.
In 1931, at 15 years of age, Stark was the youngest student ever admitted to Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
At Rutgers, Stark continued to take strong interest in literature (one of his favorite classes was Shakespeare) but he did not know how to pursue it occupationally.
As Stark's interests shifted more heavily to journalism and entertainment, he took an opportunity to live with a friend in Los Angeles.
Following a job at Forest Lawn Cemetery as a florist and then as writing assistant to comedian and ventriloquist Edgar Bergen, Stark took a job as a publicist for Warner Bros. Studios in 1937.
In 1957 Ray Stark and Eliot Hyman founded Seven Arts Productions, an independent production company which made movies for release by other studios.
Stark was head of production, in charge of buying film properties and supervising production, while Hyman was instrumental in forming deals and handling finances.
Interpersonal complications with France Nuyen interfered with shooting, and Stark replaced her with newcomer Nancy Kwan, who was later nominated for a Golden Globe Best Actress in the role.
After a long courtship with the then unknown, Stark and Jerome Robbins, (the production supervisor and director of the Broadway show) decided to cast her as their lead.
For both, it was the beginning of an often stormy relationship that would span four more motion pictures over the course of eleven years.
Ray Stark had commissioned an authorized biography of Brice, based on taped recollections she had dictated, but was unhappy with the result.
Stark then turned to Ben Hecht to write the screenplay for a biopic, but neither Hecht nor the ten writers who succeeded him were able to produce a version that satisfied Stark.
Styne was happy with the results and the two men completed the rest of the score, then flew to Los Angeles to play it for Stark, Robbins, and Bancroft, who was at odds with Merrill because of an earlier personal conflict.
With Bancroft out of the picture, Eydie Gormé was considered, but she agreed to play Brice only if her husband Steve Lawrence was cast as Nicky Arnstein.
Robbins had an argument with Lennart and told Stark he wanted her replaced because he thought she was not capable of adapting her screenplay into a viable book for a stage musical.
Lennart continued to edit her book and deleted another thirty minutes before the show moved to Philadelphia, where critics thought the show could be a hit if the libretto problems were rectified.
In 1980, Stark's incredible body of work was officially recognized when he received the prestigious Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, a rare honor given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for a lifetime achievement in film.
Although Stark failed to remember who the actress was, he soon fell madly in love with Fran, claiming she was the most charming girl he'd ever met.
Ray and his wife Frances owned Rancho Corral de Quati, a 300-acre (1.2 km2) ranch in Los Olivos, California and were breeders of Thoroughbred racehorses.
He amassed a wide collection of outdoor sculptures by artist and close friend, Henry Moore, and his walls were adorned with various pieces by Monet, Picasso and Kandinsky.
The Fran and Ray Stark Sculpture Garden opened in 2007 and accounts for approximately 75% of the sculptures in the museum's collection.
In 1982, Fran and Ray Stark founded The Fran and Ray Stark Foundation, a foundation committed to the growth of communities in art, culture and medicine.
The Stark Foundation supports a number of institutions in Los Angeles such as The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, USC School of Cinematic Arts, Motion Picture and Television Country House, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Homeboy Industries and several Department Chairs at David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
The Ray Stark Family Theatre, equipped for 3D presentation, is one of three situated in the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts Complex, completed in 2010.
Galusha Aaron Grow (August 31, 1823 – March 31, 1907) was a prominent American politician, lawyer, writer and businessman, who served as 24th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863.
Elected as a Democrat in the 1850 congressional elections, he switched to the newly-organized Republican Party in the mid-1850s when the Democratic Party refused to prohibit the extension of slavery into western territories.
For over a century he remained the last incumbent House speaker to be defeated, until Speaker Tom Foley lost his seat in 1994.
His family called him Galusha when he was growing up, and before Grow was a teenager, he had started writing his name with his given names reversed.
Grow ran as a Democrat in the 1850 election and served as a member of that party during the 32nd and 33rd congresses, and into the 34th Congress.
He ran as a Republican in the 1856 election and remained a member of that party for the rest of his political career.
During the 35th United States Congress, on February 5, 1858, he was physically attacked by Democrat Laurence M. Keitt in the House chambers, leading to a brawl between northerners and southerners.
A large brawl involving approximately fifty representatives erupted on the House floor, ending only when a missed punch from Rep. Cadwallader Washburn upended the hairpiece of Rep. William Barksdale.
When the next Congress convened in December 1859, he was one of 90 congressmen to receive votes during the two-month-long 44-ballot speaker election, dropping out following the first ballot.
The deepening rift between slave states and free states overshadowed Grow's 1861 re-election victory, as a national crisis erupted in December 1860 when South Carolina became the first of several Southern states to adopt an Ordinance of Secession.
When the House convened that day, Grow was nominated to be Speaker of the House; also nominated was Francis Preston Blair Jr.. Grow was elected on the first ballot, but only after Blair withdrew following the roll call vote, at which time 28 votes shifted to Grow.
Grow, a supporter of the Radical Republicans, was defeated in his re-election bid in 1862, becoming the second sitting House Speaker in a row to lose his seat.
He moved to Houston, Texas in 1871, and that year became president of what became known as the International - Great Northern Railroad, a position he held until 1875.
Grow returned to the United States Congress as a member at-large from Pennsylvania from 1894 to 1903; was the chairman of the committee on education in the 56th Congress.
The style includes many forms, including 10 lines of tantui for basic power training, 10 longer sets of chaquan, and other forms as well.
The voiced velar nasal, also known as agma, from the Greek word for 'fragment', is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
The IPA symbol is similar to , the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem, and to , the symbol for the palatal nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem.
As a phoneme, the velar nasal does not occur in many of the indigenous languages of the Americas or in many European or Middle Eastern or Caucasian languages, but it is extremely common in Australian Aboriginal languages and is also common in many languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia and Polynesia.
Only half of the 469 languages surveyed in had a velar nasal phoneme; as a further curiosity, a large proportion of them limits its occurrence to the syllable coda.
In many languages that do not have the velar nasal as a phoneme, it occurs as an allophone of before velar consonants.
An example of a language that lacks a phonemic or allophonic velar nasal is Russian, in which is pronounced as laminal denti-alveolar even before velar consonants.
Some languages have the pre-velar nasal, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar nasal, though not as front as the prototypical palatal nasal - see that article for more information.
Conversely, some languages have the post-velar nasal, which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of a prototypical velar nasal, though not as back as the prototypical uvular nasal.
Since his music career began in 1957 as a short-lived founding member of the Tokens, he has sold millions of records as an artist and has written or co-written over 500 songs for himself and others, collaborating mostly with lyricists Howard Greenfield and Phil Cody.
He demonstrated musical aptitude in his second-grade choral class, and when his teacher sent a note home suggesting he take piano lessons, his mother took a part-time job in an Abraham & Straus department store for six months to pay for a second-hand upright.
In 1947, he auditioned successfully for a piano scholarship to the Juilliard School of Music's Preparatory Division for Children, which he attended on Saturdays.
When Sedaka was 13, a neighbor heard him playing and introduced him to her 16-year-old son, Howard Greenfield, an aspiring poet and lyricist.
When the Beatles and the British Invasion took American music in a different direction, Sedaka was left without a recording career.
The Linc-Tones, later renamed the Tokens after Sedaka's departure, went on to have four top-40 hits of their own without Sedaka.
After Little Anthony and the Imperials passed on the song, Sedaka recorded it himself, and his debut single hit the Top 15 on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No.
Sedaka then bought the three biggest hit singles of the time and listened to them repeatedly, studying the song structure, chord progressions, lyrics and harmonies before writing his next songs.
Sedaka had dated Carole King when he was still at high school, which gave him the idea to use her name in the song.
Thus, this was the only time the melody of the song was used by a popular artist and a future sensation around the same time.
When Sedaka was not recording his own songs, he and Howard Greenfield were writing for other performers, most notably in their earliest days Connie Francis.
Sedaka protested that Francis would be insulted by being played such a puerile song, but Greenfield reminded him Francis had not accepted their other suggestions and they had nothing to lose.
In 1964 Sedaka's career began a sharp decline, hastened by The Beatles' arrival on the radio and TV, and the rest of the so-called British Invasion.
Although Sedaka's stature as a recording artist was at a low ebb in the late 1960s, he was able to maintain his career through songwriting.
Unaware of Sedaka's secret, panelist Henry Morgan challenged Sedaka with the fact that the Soviet bureaucracy had outlawed rock 'n' roll music, and that any Western music young Russians wanted had to be smuggled into the country.
Despite his waning chart appeal in the US in the late 1960s, he remained very popular as a concert attraction, notably in the UK and Australia.
It was co-produced by Festival staff producer Pat Aulton, with arrangements by John Farrar (who later achieved international fame for his work with Olivia Newton-John) and backing by Australian session musicians including guitarist Jimmy Doyle (Ayers Rock) and noted jazz musician-composer John Sangster.
The album is also notable because it was Sedaka's first album to include collaborations with writers other than longtime lyricist Howard Greenfield; the title track featured lyrics by Roger Atkins and four other songs were co-written with Carole Bayer Sager.
When John learned Sedaka had no American record label, he suggested Sedaka sign with his Rocket Record Company, Limited, and Sedaka accepted the proposition.
So the basic plan was as simple as finding out what he wanted to have on his album – which turned out to be a compilation from his British albums.
In late 1972, producer Stig Anderson approached Sedaka to write the lyric for a single by a new Swedish pop quartet then known as Björn & Benny, Agnetha & Anni-Frid.
He sent a tape of the song together with a rough translation to Sedaka, who within days returned an original lyric, co-written with Phil Cody.
The single, credited to Andersson, Ulvaeus, Anderson, Sedaka and Cody, reached number 1 in Sweden and Belgium, and charted in the top 5 in at least four other countries.
1 on the Billboard 100 and stayed there for three weeks (October 11, 18 and 25, 1975), was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and was the most commercially successful individual single of his career.
Despite their later falling out that resulted in Sedaka moving from Elton's Rocket Records to Elektra, Sedaka has credited John as being responsible for his successful return to the U.S. pop music scene.
1 hit single, was upbeat; the remake was a slow ballad, based on a similar arrangement by a Lenny Welch 1970 recording.
8 on the Hot 100 in early 1976, making him the only artist to ever record an entirely reinterpreted version of a song where both versions reached the Billboard Top 10.
The coldness eventually thawed, however and in the foreword to Sedaka's 2013 biography, John wrote of their friendship in glowing and positive terms.
Sedaka's new US label, Elektra, did not put as much effort into promoting Sedaka's music as Elton John had at Rocket Records, and that, combined with the arrival of the disco era, marked another downturn in Sedaka's career.
Neil and Dara's pairing would return Neil to the Top 20 for his last Hot 100 charted single, and also the Top 5 on the Adult Contemporary Chart.
Throughout the 1970s, Sedaka's former record company, RCA, reissued his 1960s-era songs on compilation LPs on the RCA Victor and RCA Camden labels, a practice which continues to this day.
For decades, RCA and Sedaka have disputed the ownership rights of Sedaka's original master tapes from his late 1950s/early 1960s hits.
RCA has released various repackagings of his old hits, prompting Sedaka to rerecord his old hits and make them sound as close and authentic to the originals as possible.
Neither of these albums fared well on the charts or in terms of sales, with only modest success for the singles that were released from them.
He then created his own music label, ensuring that his catalog of hits would find the marketplace, and he released occasional CDs of self-produced new, original material.
He also proved to be a popular concert draw on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, performing for thousands of adoring fans.
When Folds heard that Sedaka had a song published by the age of 13, Folds set a similar goal, despite the fact that Sedaka did not actually publish until he was 16.
Due to copyright restrictions, the songs were replaced for the North American DVD, as well as for Japanese online releases of the series until 2017.
In 1994, Sedaka provided the voice for Neil Moussaka, a parody of himself in Food Rocks, an attraction at Epcot from 1994 to 2006.
He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1983, has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and was an October 2006 inductee of the Long Island Music Hall of Fame.
On November 15, 2013, Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters in Los Angeles gave him their Art Gilmore Career Achievement Award at a luncheon in his honor.
On a business trip to New York in mid-1971, Harvey Lisberg, who was a longtime fan of Sedaka, asked Don Kirshner if he'd written anything new.
Kirshner took Lisberg to a small room with a piano where Sedaka was already seated, and he tapped out a few songs.
For the 2005 annual Comic Relief charity drive, he solicited a number of celebrity friends of his and updated the video, and it became an enormous hit.
It was used yet again later that summer by the Central Band of the Royal British Legion prior to the Men's Finals of the 2006 Wimbledon tennis tournament.
On April 7, 2006, Sedaka was appearing at the Royal Albert Hall and filming for the above-referenced CD/DVD package, when he was interrupted mid-concert by a gentleman who walked onstage from the wings.
Since Sedaka had lost his recording contract in the mid-1980s, he had used his own business, Neil Sedaka Music, to finance the recording, production, and distribution of new CDs and repackaging of his existing catalog of music.
Because of ongoing disputes with RCA Records over the ownership of Sedaka's original late 1950s/early 1960s hits, in 1991, Sedaka re-recorded those early recordings, note-for-note.
Sedaka has taken meticulous care of his voice over the years and still sings in the original keys recorded in his youth.
This allowed him to repackage his catalog to include both his early recordings along with his mid- to late 1970s hits and later recordings.
In early 2007, Sedaka signed his first recording contract in nearly two decades with Razor and Tie Records, a small-but-growing, New York-based independent label with a talent roster that also includes Joan Baez, Vanessa Carlton, Foreigner, Joe Jackson, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo.
The CD was a children's album that used the melodies of many of Sedaka's best-known songs but changed the lyrics to fit, and hopefully have fun with, the everyday lives of babies and toddlers, along with their parents, grandparents, babysitters, and other caregivers.
A concert performance on October 26, 2007 at the Lincoln Center in New York City paid homage to the 50th anniversary of Sedaka's debut in show business.
The UK continues to be probably Sedaka's most welcoming nation, and has been since first moving his family there (temporarily) four decades ago.
Indeed, it was his work with the musicians who would, in a few years, become the hit-making group 10cc that brought him back to the U.S. as a major star with No.
The track was originally a #1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 pop charts for the soft-rock group Bread in 1970.
In this episode, three pairs of theologians competed, and the answer was correctly given by one of the pair of rabbis, Andrew.
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces.
Alternatively they can be defined as a vector space with a family of seminorms, and a topology can be defined in terms of that family.
Although in general such spaces are not necessarily normable, the existence of a convex local base for the zero vector is strong enough for the Hahn–Banach theorem to hold, yielding a sufficiently rich theory of continuous linear functionals.
After the notion of a general topological space was defined by Felix Hausdorff in 1914, although locally convex topologies were implicitly used by some mathematicians, up to 1934 only John von Neumann would seem to have explicitly defined the weak topology on Hilbert spaces and strong operator topology on operators on Hilbert spaces.
More succinctly, a subset of is absolutely convex if it is closed under linear combinations whose coefficients absolutely sum to .
While in general seminorms need not be norms, there is an analogue of this criterion for families of seminorms, separatedness, defined below.
Although the definition in terms of a neighborhood base gives a better geometric picture, the definition in terms of seminorms is easier to work with in practice.
Every normed space is a Hausdorff locally convex space, and much of the theory of locally convex spaces generalises parts of the theory of normed spaces.
Note that this is also the limit topology of the spaces , embedded in in the natural way, by completing finite sequences with infinitely many .
Given any vector space and a collection of linear functionals on it, can be made into a locally convex topological vector space by giving it the weakest topology making all linear functionals in continuous.
The family of seminorms defined by is separated, and countable, and the space is complete, so this metrisable space is a Fréchet space.
It is known as the Schwartz space, or the space of functions of rapid decrease, and its dual space is the space of tempered distributions.
A more detailed construction is needed for the topology of this space because the space is not complete in the uniform norm.
The topology on is defined as follows: for any fixed compact set , the space of functions with is a Fréchet space with countable family of seminorms (these are actually norms, and the completion of the space with the norm is a Banach space ).
Given any collection of compact sets, directed by inclusion and such that their union equal , the form a direct system, and is defined to be the limit of this system.
More abstractly, given a topological space , the space of continuous (not necessarily bounded) functions on can be given the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets.
an open set in ) the Stone-Weierstrass theorem applies—in the case of real-valued functions, any subalgebra of that separates points and contains the constant functions (e.g., the subalgebra of polynomials) is dense.
Because locally convex spaces are topological spaces as well as vector spaces, the natural functions to consider between two locally convex spaces are continuous linear maps.
Using the seminorms, a necessary and sufficient criterion for the continuity of a linear map can be given that closely resembles the more familiar boundedness condition found for Banach spaces.
In other words, each seminorm of the range of is bounded above by some finite sum of seminorms in the domain.
The ships were equipped with two geared General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four D-V2M water-tube boilers.
They were fired via the single-arm Mk 13 missile launcher and the ships stowed a total of 40 missiles for the launcher.
The ship was named for Admiral Günther Lütjens, who commanded a battlegroup comprising the and the cruiser during Operation Rheinübung (Exercise Rhine).
She was laid down at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine on 1 March 1966 with the hull classification symbol DDG-28.
All way was lost after the first hit and the ship began to settle rapidly, sinking about 2 miles east of Savo Island.
It was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English, e.g.
The voiceless velar fricative and its labialized variety are traditionally postulated to have occurred in Proto-Germanic, the ancestor of the Germanic languages, as the reflex of the Proto-Indo-European voiceless palatal and velar stops and the labialized voiceless velar stop.
In Modern Greek, the voiceless velar fricative (with its allophone the voiceless palatal fricative , occurring before front vowels) originated from the Ancient Greek voiceless aspirated stop in a sound change that lenited Greek aspirated stops into fricatives.
The Tokyo Express was the name given by Allied forces to the use of Imperial Japanese Navy ships at night to deliver personnel, supplies, and equipment to Japanese forces operating in and around New Guinea and the Solomon Islands during the Pacific campaign of World War II.
The operation involved loading personnel or supplies aboard fast warships (mainly destroyers), later submarines, and using the warships' speed to deliver the personnel or supplies to the desired location and return to the originating base all within one night so Allied aircraft could not intercept them by day.
Delivery of troops and material by slow transport ships to Japanese forces on Guadalcanal and New Guinea soon proved too vulnerable to daytime air attack.
The Japanese Combined Fleet commander Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto therefore authorized the use of faster warships to make the deliveries at night when the threat of detection was much less and aerial attack minimal.
The Tokyo Express began soon after the Battle of Savo Island in August 1942 and continued until late in the Solomon Islands campaign when one of the last large Express runs was intercepted and almost completely destroyed in the Battle of Cape St. George on November 26, 1943.
Because the destroyers typically used were not configured for cargo handling, many supplies were sealed inside steel drums lashed together and simply pushed into the water without the ships stopping; ideally, the drums would float ashore or were picked up by barge.
However, many drums were lost or damaged; a typical night in December 1942 resulted in 1500 drums being rolled into the sea, with only 300 recovered.
Most of the warships used for Tokyo Express missions came from the Eighth Fleet, based at Rabaul and Bougainville, although ships from Combined Fleet units based at Truk were often temporarily attached for use in Express missions.
The Tokyo Express ended up being a costly strategic error by Admiral Yamamoto, because many destroyers were lost during the fifteen months of the Tokyo Express, for no gain.
In addition, they were desperately needed for convoy duty to protect Japanese shipping supplying the Home Islands from the depredations of American submarines.
The Imperial Japanese Navy was caught in a Catch-22 situation, since American airpower from Henderson Field denied the Japanese the use of slow cargo ships (merchantmen).
Compared to destroyers, cargo ships were much more economical in fuel usage while having the capacity to carry full loads of troops plus sufficient equipment and supplies.
The Charles F. Adams class was based on a stretched Forrest Sherman-class destroyer hull modified to accommodate an RUR-5 ASROC Launcher and all their associated equipment.
The ships were equipped with two geared General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four D-V2M water-tube boilers.
They were fired via the single-arm Mk 13 missile launcher and the ships stowed a total of 40 missiles for the launcher.
Sam Dolgoff (1902–1990) was an anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist from Russia who grew up and lived and was active in the United States.
Dolgoff was born in the shtetl of Ostrovno in Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day Beshankovichy Raion, Belarus), moving as a child to New York City in 1905 or 1906, where he lived in the Bronx and in Manhattan's Lower East Side where he died.
His father was a house painter, and Dolgoff began house painting at the age of 11, a profession he remained in his entire life.
After being expelled from the Young People's Socialist League, Sam joined the Industrial Workers of the World in 1922 and remained an active member his entire life, playing an active role in the anarchist movement for much of the century.
He wrote articles for anarchist magazines as well as books as the editor of highly acclaimed anthologies, some of which are listed below.
Michael Berrin (born May 6, 1967), best known by his stage name MC Serch, is an American hip hop MC and former member of 3rd Bass, and Non Phixion.
MC Serch was dismissed from WJLB in March 2006, reportedly due to a dispute over a Super Bowl weekend party at the club Motor City Live.
Serch has also worked with Hot 102.7's youngest intern (The Black Intern) Daniel Berry, and Rucka Rucka Ali (Comedy Music Artist).
In 2018 he gave an interview with DJ Vlad in which he claimed MC Hammer had once taken out a $50,000 contract on Serch's life, following a misunderstanding over lyrics.
The ships were equipped with two geared General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four D-V2M water-tube boilers.
They were fired via the single-arm Mk 13 missile launcher and the ships stowed a total of 40 missiles for the launcher.
The Shadows of Knight are an American rock band from the Chicago suburbs, formed in the 1960s, who play a form of British blues mixed with influences from their native city.
Initially formed in 1964 as simply the Shadows, the band learned in spring 1965 of an existing British group, the Shadows.
Founding members included Warren Rogers (lead guitar), Roger Spielmann (rhythm and lead guitar/vocals) Norm Gotsch (rhythm guitar), Wayne Pursell (bass guitar), Tom Schiffour (drums) and Jim Sohns (vocals).
After performing in and around Chicago's northwest suburbs in 1964 and 1965, The Shadows of Knight became the house band at The Cellar in Arlington Heights, Illinois, owned by Sampson.
A performance in support of the Byrds at Chicago's McCormick Place in early summer 1965 attracted the attention of Dunwich Records record producers Bill Traut and George Badonski.
This simple change overcame the prevalent AM radio censorship of the era and got The Shadows of Knight's cover version of the song onto the playlist of WLS, which had censored the original.
Tom Schiffour left the band in spring 1967, first to be replaced by a young local fan of the band, Bruce Bruscato.
By mid-1967, the only original member of the Shadows of Knight remaining was vocalist Jim Sohns, who, through simple default, inherited the band's name and legacy.
Sohns had hoped to take the band in a British power-rock direction, but the Super K record label pulled them into a more commercial orientation, pairing the band with bubblegum groups such as the 1910 Fruitgum Company and the Ohio Express on tour.
It consisted of new bass and guitar tracks overdubbed by Peter Cetera (later of Chicago) and Jim Donlinger (a member of Aorta), both Chicago rock veterans.
The second iteration of the band consisted of John Fisher, former lead guitar of the Glass Menagerie, on bass, Woody Woodruff and Dan Baughman on guitars, and Ken Turkin on drums.
John Fisher was replaced by Edgar Winter alum Jorge Gonzales on bass in 1971, who was subsequently replaced by John Hardy the next year.
He also spent a period of time reflecting on his future in the music business, choosing to become the road manager of the band Skafish from 1978 to 1980.
In 1978, Sohns punched Sid Vicious at the Harrah club in New York City, throwing him down a flight of stairs.
Commencing as of the 1990s, the Shadows of Knight enjoyed a resurgence in public interest, in significant part due to the 1998 release of their first two albums, in remastered form, by Sundazed Records.
At shows on the 2006 tour, they were joined onstage at various times by Rick Mullen (of Van Morrison, Commander Cody, Don McLean), Vince Martell (Vanilla Fudge), Mark Stein (Vanilla Fudge), and members of The Romantics.
Joe Kelley (born Joseph J. Kelley in 1945 in Chicago) died on September 1, 2013, after a brief battle with lung cancer.
On 20 August 2016, The surviving members of the Shadows of Knight reunited and performed in concert for the first time in 49 years.
The club came into being by a merger between Leytonstone/Ilford and Walthamstow Avenue, though the merged clubs played one season under the original name.
It is not to be confused with the current Isthmian League club Redbridge, which was known as Ford United until July 2004.
They were somewhat successful in non-league football, while under the name Leytonstone & Ilford, they were crowned Isthmian League champions during 1981–82.
Initially there was no name change, and the club won the Isthmian League that season; they were due to be promoted to what is today known as the Conference National, but were denied due to ground problems, as the Green Pond Road ground at Walthamstow had already been sold to developers so was not worth upgrading.
The club moved to Victoria Road, home of Dagenham FC but found the same problem as their ground too was now not up to Conference standard.
For the 1989 season, the name of the club was changed to Redbridge Forest, in preparation for a move to a new site bordering both Redbridge and Waltham Forest borders.
Incidentally, Dagenham and Redbridge Forest were both in the Isthmian League Premier Division for that season and the two matches between landlord and tenant saw 2–2 and 1–1 draws between the clubs, clubs that now play as one.
Redbridge Forest won the Isthmian League in 1990–91 and with the ground now passing Conference regulations, the club were now allowed to move up to the Conference for the 1991–92 season.
The new club reached the Football League at the end of the 2006–07 as Conference National champions, and won promotion to League One in 2010 via play-offs.
On station with Task Unit (TU) 77.0.2 until the 14th, the ship returned to Subic Bay for brief local operations before sailing back to the combat zone to take her post on the northern search and rescue station (SAR) from 29 November to 29 December.
She then returned—via Subic Bay, Guam, Midway, and Pearl Harbor—to her home port, Long Beach, where she arrived on 8 April.
She entered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 4 August and commenced an extensive overhaul which lasted through the end of the year 1967 and into February 1968.
She returned to WestPac that summer—with logistics stops at Pearl Harbor and Midway en route—and arrived at her new home port of Yokosuka, Japan, on 1 August 1968.
Between 17 and 30 January, she fired two gunfire support missions in the I Corps area for the Army's 101st Airborne Division and one for the 7th and 9th Divisions of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) units.
During the first week of April, the downing by North Koreans of a Navy EC-121 Connie early-warning intelligence aircraft in the Sea of Japan greatly increased tension in the Far East.
She operated in the Sea of Japan until the crisis abated enabling her to head for Yokosuka on the afternoon of 28 April.
Arthur Ganong was the first to make any sort of a wrapped chocolate bar; Ganong began selling the first chocolate bars in 1910.
In 1911, Ganong Bros. purchased the bankrupt White Candy Company in Saint John, New Brunswick and operated a factory there until 1931.
In 1988, due to the rising costs of production, a plant was built in Bangkok, Thailand, due to lower labor costs and the close proximity to raw ingredients, and equipment from the St. Stephen factory was shipped there.
Doug Ettinger, who had been a senior executive in the food industry for 20 years, was approved by the Ganong board of directors as the top executive of Canada’s oldest candy company.
Exhibits describe the Ganong brothers and the company, and include hands-on and interactive displays about the process of making chocolate and candies historically and currently, and a display of historic chocolate boxes and antique candy-making equipment.
She was laid down by the Puget Sound Bridge and Dry Dock Company at Seattle, Washington on 11 June 1962, launched on 8 January 1963; sponsored by Mrs. Nancee Ravenel, a great, great, great, granddaughter of the Honorable Benjamin Stoddert; and commissioned at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 12 September 1964; Commander Walter Megginness in command.
The guided-missile destroyer departed Bremerton for the first time on 7 November and, after brief stops at San Francisco and San Diego, arrived at Pearl Harbor to commence acceptance trials.
Other tests — including gunnery, torpedo, and engineering exercises — helped the crew tie her antisubmarine, antiair, and communications gear into a single integrated system.
This naval air campaign, begun the previous March, was intended to interdict North Vietnam's logistical pipeline through Laos and across the demilitarized zone (DMZ), cutting the flow of munitions and supplies to the Viet Cong in South Vietnam.
The surface Navy's companion campaign — Operation Sea Dragon — supported this effort by targeting communist supply craft, shelling coastal batteries and radar sites, and bombarding coastal infiltration routes.
Over the next six weeks, the guided-missile destroyer screened Hancock — providing antisubmarine and antiair protection for the carrier and carrying out planeguard services during flight operations.
On 4 and 5 January 1966, in a change of pace from earlier tasks, the guided-missile destroyer also fired her 5-inch guns against Viet Cong targets ashore.
Six days later, the guided-missile destroyer resumed duty in TF 77 screening Hancock and remained so employed until setting out for the Philippines on 5 March.
Underway for Hawaii on 22 May, the guided-missile destroyer arrived at Pearl Harbor, via Suva in the Fiji Islands, on 30 May.
After a fuel stop at Kwajalein in the Marshalls on the 27th, the guided-missile destroyer returned to Pearl Harbor on 2 September.
These local operations — which included shore bombardment, carrier screening, and ASW exercises — continued into early 1967 as the crew prepared for another 7th Fleet deployment.
The guided-missile destroyer crossed the central Pacific; and, after a short liberty at Yokosuka, Japan, the crew took the warship south to Subic Bay, arriving there on 23 April.
A North Vietnamese coastal battery unexpectedly opened fire, forcing her to shift fire onto the battery, to commence weaving, and to clear the area.
At one point on 26 June, enemy counterbattery fire fell close enough to spray the ship with shell fragments, but the resulting damage was light and was quickly repaired.
Departing Japan on 21 August, she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 29 August, and spent the remainder of the year undergoing boiler repairs, conducting post-deployment maintenance, and preparing for various service inspections.
The guided-missile destroyer continued local operations out of Hawaii until 5 March 1968 when she moved into the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard to begin a maintenance overhaul.
After departing there on the 29th, the warship returned home to Pearl Harbor on 2 November and spent the remainder of the year in port.
The guided-missile destroyer closed the smoking carrier — which had suffered a severe flight deck fire — to assist firefighting efforts and search for survivors.
After these successful maneuvers, she loaded 10 Standard and 24 Tartar missiles at the ammunition depot at Concord, Calif., and returned to Hawaii.
During the tense days that followed, the warship's duties included antiair early warning, carrier screening, and electronic intelligence gathering to pinpoint radar and other installations in the Shantung province of eastern China.
The guided-missile destroyer, aside from a few upkeep periods at Sasebo, collected intelligence off the Korean peninsula for the next eight weeks.
She moored at Yokosuka on 8 August, unloaded the PARPRO equipment, and then set off south for combat operations on the 10th.
There, she carried out fire missions in the Chu Lai area during the day and provided harassment and interdiction fire from Danang harbor during the night.
During four weeks of operations, air and ground spotters directed her guns at enemy supply points, troop concentrations, rocket sites, and infiltration routes; and, by mid-September, she had fired over 5,000 5-inch rounds at these and other targets.
During the transit, however, a typhoon moved across her track, forcing the warship to reverse course; and she did not arrive in Pearl Harbor until 1 November.
The guided-missile destroyer remained in port until 12 January 1970, when she got underway for a three-day exercise at the Barking Sands Tactical Underwater Range (BARSTUR).
The warship conducted a second such training mission between 9 and 13 February, firing exercise ASROC rockets and torpedoes at underwater targets both times.
In addition to putting to sea for routine training, she also did so to serve as standby ship for the Apollo 13 recovery mission.
Following a short upkeep period, the guided-missile destroyer headed for Danang and a tour on the northern search and rescue station (SAR) in the Gulf of Tonkin.
To make matters worse, she suffered another setback when a boiler pipe cracked on the return voyage, and she diverted to Subic Bay for repairs.
Once there, the warship settled into a pattern of sporadic call-fire missions during the day and night harassment and interdiction fire after dark.
The warship received improvements to her missile and gun systems, and much-needed repairs to her hull, sonar dome, and engineering spaces.
In the evening of 29 October, however, a fire broke out in sonar control in the forward part of the warship.
In the darkness and heavy rain, it took damage control teams and the shipyard fire department just over four hours to extinguish the blaze.
The crew then spent the next six weeks helping shipyard workers repair the fire damage and get the warship's ASW systems back in battery.
The warship finally got underway for deployment on 25 March, arriving in Subic Bay via Midway and Guam on 7 April.
She joined other 7th Fleet units in heavy attacks against North Vietnamese military units pushing south along the coast, firing numerous bombardment missions against enemy troops and tanks advancing towards Hue.
Over the next week, the guided-missile destroyer continued strikes against coastal targets, including daily bombardments of the shore as far north as Thanh Hoa.
After a two-week repair and refitting period at Subic Bay between 12 and 26 May, she reentered the Tonkin Gulf on the 29th for more missions against the enemy's coastal logistics pipeline.
Once American mines shut down the major North Vietnamese harbors, many Chinese communist merchant ships sought refuge in strategic lagoons and inlets whence their cargoes were ferried ashore.
One of the guided-missile destroyer's missions was to search out and destroy the small ferry craft and any nearby supply caches.
Resuming gunline operations on the 14th, the warship fired at enemy troop formations attacking ARVN troops, helping to stall and then repulse this communist thrust into South Vietnam.
During one such mission, at 09:10 on 26 June, the forward 5-inch mount suffered a misfire which left a live round hung up in the barrel.
Departing immediately for Subic Bay, the guided-missile destroyer spent the next month in port, replacing the wrecked gun mount and repairing other damage.
At this point, South Vietnamese forces had taken Quang Tri City, driving North Vietnamese forces back toward the DMZ; and the naval campaign against the North began to wind down.
During this time, a cease-fire agreement was signed in Paris on 27 January 1973, and American forces in South Vietnam began to withdraw.
With combat operations over, the warship helped enforce the terms of the cease fire while on PIRAZ and antiair warfare picket duty in the Gulf of Tonkin.
She arrived in the gulf on 29 August and operated for three days with Task Group (TG) 76.4, the contingency force assembled in case Americans had to be evacuated from Thailand.
Then, on 30 October while steaming near Singapore to avoid a typhoon in the Gulf of Tonkin, she suffered a boiler breakdown which forced her back to Subic Bay.
Following three weeks of repairs, the warship sailed for Hawaii, arriving in Pearl Harbor, via Guam and Midway, on 7 December.
Upon her return home, the guided-missile destroyer was greeted by a shrinking defense budget, lack of spare parts, and a shortage of fuel oil — the latter caused by the October 1973 Arab oil embargo — all of which cut back the operating tempo of the Pacific Fleet's surface ships.
In response, the Navy concentrated on improving overall operational readiness, a routine markedly different from previous training which had concentrated on preparing warships for combat operations off Vietnam.
She remained in the Pearl Harbor area through October, engaged in extensive propulsion repairs, improving her maintenance procedures, and conducting a few local training operations.
After a two-week repair stop at Yokosuka in early December and a holiday port visit to Kaohsiung, Taiwan, she ended the year at Subic Bay.
Over the next two weeks, she cruised offshore with an amphibious ready group (ARG) and covered three Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships sent to the Vung Tau area on the 23d for evacuation duty.
Then, on 3 May, she sailed to the location of a sinking South Vietnamese naval ship and rescued 19 people, including one woman and four children.
The warship spent the summer conducting local operations and preparing for a regular overhaul, which she began at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard on 1 October.
Shifted out of drydock on 6 February 1976, she conducted a long series of full-power runs and sea trials before finishing her 10-month overhaul on 17 August.
The end of the Vietnam War two years earlier meant that the guided-missile destroyer conducted different operations than during her previous deployments to the Far East.
Instead of antiair or gunline combat operations aimed at the North Vietnamese, the warship concentrated on training to counter the threat of Soviet nuclear-powered submarines and guided-missile warships to the western Pacific region.
Following a five-day port visit, the warship sailed on to Melbourne, Australia, and to Dunedin, New Zealand, before arriving at Pago Pago, American Samoa, on 14 September.
Underway the next day, the warship visited Western Samoa before proceeding on to Hawaii, to arrive in Pearl Harbor on the 22d.
These evolutions included several firings on the Pacific Missile Range, highlighted by the successful shootdown of two MQM 74C drones by RIM 66A Standard missiles on 29 July.
Delayed by the need to evade a typhoon near the Philippines, the warships did not put into Subic Bay until 30 October.
Shifting to Yokosuka on 7 January 1979, the warship received four weeks of repairs there at the Naval Ship Repair Facility.
Departing Philippine waters on 7 March, the warship returned to Pearl Harbor on the 19th to begin a seven-week maintenance availability.
Continued boiler trouble kept the guided-missile destroyer in port, save for a few local operations, for the remainder of the year.
After five months in drydock, she moved to a berth for continued industrial work; and it was not until 30 November that the guided-missile destroyer got underway for her first sea trials.
The crew spent the next five months putting the warship through full power exams, sonar tests, and weapons system acceptance trials.
After a week of liberty, the guided-missile destroyer cruised south to San Diego, mooring at the naval station on 6 November.
While en route to Subic Bay, the warship conducted both antisubmarine and antiair warfare exercises, an underway routine she would continue throughout this deployment.
In the latter port, she took part in the Black Ship Festival, commemorating Commodore Matthew C. Perry's opening of Japan to foreign trade in 1854.
Although tension remained high the rest of the night, no other incidents occurred; and the warships arrived at Subic Bay on 23 June.
Mooring at Pearl Harbor on 12 August, the warship spent the rest of the year doing maintenance work on her boilers and standing several regular safety and readiness inspections.
In a scenery shift from her familiar operational zone, the guided-missile destroyer sailed from Pearl Harbor to the southern California operating area on 31 March.
Once the refugees had been passed along, the group continued on south and west, passing through the Strait of Malacca and entering the Indian Ocean on 4 October.
Linking up with a British force built around , the warships sailed northwest and arrived on station in the Arabian Sea on 12 October.
During the ensuing 15-month shipyard period, the guided-missile destroyer received new radar and fire-control systems, the navy tactical data system (NTDS), the integrated automatic detection and tracking system (IADTS) and a modernized steam engineering plant.
These ranged from a joint ASW exercise with Australian and New Zealand warships at sea to the more mundane propulsion plant and ordnance safety inspections while in port.
During rimpac86 the Stoddert had port calls in San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle and Vancouver BC, where crew members were able to attend the Vancouver Worlds Fair, before returning home.
Following port visits to Phuket, Thailand, between 13 and 16 April and at Hong Kong between 23 and 27 April, the guided-missile destroyer moored at Pearl Harbor on 9 May.
In addition, the warship participated in a joint Navy-Coast Guard exercise in late June, took part in ASW drills in mid-August, and served as ready duty destroyer during the month of September.
The warship set out for San Diego on 15 March, completing a transit exercise — including service as the target for simulated attacks by two attack submarines — before mooring in San Diego harbor on the 31st.
After a stop at Subic Bay between 7 and 11 October, the group conducted a few days of gunnery practice at the Tabones range in the Philippines before sailing to Hong Kong for liberty.
Departing the British Crown Colony on the 20th, the battle group headed south, navigated the Malacca Strait, and passed into the Indian Ocean.
After 56 days at sea, the crew displayed palpable relief when the guided-missile destroyer put into Abu Dhabi for a three-day port visit on 14 December.
Following a six-day port visit, the group steamed back into the Indian Ocean for a quick drop south of the equator on 9 January 1989 before returning through the Strait of Malacca on the 19th.
The warships then steamed north into the South China Sea for four days of ASW exercises with units of the Royal Thai Navy, followed by a three-day visit to Pattaya Beach, Thailand.
At the end of a four-week post-deployment standdown, the guided-missile destroyer began preparations for a series of engineering and general survey inspections set for late spring.
The warship used her surface search radars and other equipment to spot small craft, which were then boarded by Coast Guard detachments in search of drug smugglers.
The warship began patrol operations off Baja California on the 27th and remained there — save for a single port visit to San Diego — through 11 August.
These operations continued until 11 September, when the warship put into Rodman, Panama — the first landfall for the crew after 47 days at sea.
Following a series of inspections in June, the warship remained in port — save for a few days of local operations — as the crew prepared her for inactivation.
On 7 September 1995, she was transferred to the Maritime Administration and was berthed with its National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, Calif., to await disposal.
On 3 February 2001, while under to tow to Brownsville, Texas, for scrapping, the old guided missile destroyer took on water and sank in the Pacific.
Tus ( or Ṫus or Tus), also spelled as Tous, Toos or Tūs, is an ancient city in Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran near Mashhad.
Tus was taken by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and remained under Umayyad control until 747, when a subordinate of Abu Muslim Khorasani defeated the Umayyad governor during the Abbasid Revolution.
In 809, the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid fell ill and died in Tus, on his way to solve the unrest in Khorasan.
In 1220, Tus was sacked by the Mongol general, Subutai, and a year later Tolui would kill most of its populace, and destroying the tomb of Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the process.
The most famous person who has emerged from that area is the poet Ferdowsi, author of the Persian epic Shahnameh, whose mausoleum, built in 1934 in time for the millennium of his birth, dominates the town.
Functionally it is involved in locomotion (lower limbs) of the axial skeleton and manipulation of objects in the environment (upper limbs).
It is important to realize that through anatomical variation it is common for the skeleton to have many accessory bones (sutural bones in the skull, cervical ribs, lumbar ribs and even extra lumbar vertebrae).
The appendicular skeleton of 126 bones and the axial skeleton of 80 bones together form the complete skeleton of 206 bones in the human body.
The ships were equipped with two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers.
They were fired via the dual-arm Mk 11 missile launcher and the ships stowed a total of 42 missiles for the launcher.
The Grumman F4F Wildcat is an American carrier-based fighter aircraft that began service in 1940 with both the United States Navy, and the British Royal Navy where it was initially known as the Martlet.
First used in combat by the British in the North Atlantic, the Wildcat was the only effective fighter available to the United States Navy and Marine Corps in the Pacific Theater during the early part of World War II in 1941 and 1942; the disappointing Brewster Buffalo was withdrawn in favor of the Wildcat and replaced as units became available.
With a top speed of , the Wildcat was outperformed by the faster , more maneuverable, and longer-ranged Mitsubishi A6M Zero.
However, the F4F's ruggedness, coupled with tactics such as the Thach Weave, resulted in a claimed air combat kill-to-loss ratio of 5.9:1 in 1942 and 6.9:1 for the entire war.
While the Wildcat had better range and maneuverability at low speed, the Hellcat could rely on superior power and high speed performance to outperform the Zero.
The Wildcat continued to be built throughout the remainder of the war to serve on escort carriers, where larger and heavier fighters could not be used.
Two single-seat biplane designs followed, the F2F and F3F, which established the general fuselage outlines of what would become the F4F Wildcat.
However, an order was also placed for Grumman's G-16 (given the navy designation XF4F-1) as a backup in case the Brewster monoplane proved to be unsatisfactory.
It was clear to Grumman that the XF4F-1 would be inferior to the Brewster monoplane, so Grumman abandoned the XF4F-1, designing instead a new monoplane fighter, the XF4F-2.
The unusual manually-retractable main landing gear design for all of Grumman's U.S. Navy fighters up to and through the F4F, as well as for the amphibious Grumman J2F utility biplane, was originally created in the 1920s by Leroy Grumman for Grover Loening.
Testing of the new XF4F-3 led to an order for F4F-3 production models, the first of which was completed in February 1940.
The Royal Navy's and U.S. Navy's F4F-3s, armed with four .50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine guns, joined active units in 1940.
Even before the Wildcat had been purchased by the U.S. Navy, the French Navy and the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA) had ordered the Wildcat, with their own configurations, via the Anglo-French Purchasing Board.
The F4F Wildcat (known in British service at first as the Martlet) was taken on by the FAA as an interim replacement for the Fairey Fulmar.
In the European theater, the Wildcat scored its first combat victory on Christmas Day 1940, when a land-based Martlet destroyed a Junkers Ju 88 bomber over the Scapa Flow naval base.
Six Martlets went to sea aboard the converted former German merchant vessel in September 1941 and shot down several Luftwaffe Fw 200 Condor bombers during highly effective convoy escort operations.
The last air-raid of the war in Europe was carried out by Fleet Air Arm aircraft in Operation Judgement, Kilbotn on May 5, 1945.
Twenty eight Wildcat VI aircraft from Naval Air Squadrons 846, 853 and 882, flying from escort carriers, took part in an attack on a U-boat depot near Harstad, Norway.
The Wildcat was generally outperformed by the Mitsubishi Zero, its major opponent in the early part of the Pacific Theater, but held its own partly because, with relatively heavy armor and self-sealing fuel tanks, the Grumman airframe could survive far more damage than its lightweight, unarmored Japanese rival.
Many U.S. Navy fighter pilots also were saved by the Wildcat's ZB homing device, which allowed them to find their carriers in poor visibility, provided they could get within the range of the homing beacon.
In the hands of an expert pilot using tactical advantage, the Wildcat could prove to be a difficult foe even against the formidable Zero.
USN and USMC aircraft formed the fleet's primary air defense during the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway, and land-based Wildcats played a major role during the Guadalcanal Campaign of 1942–43.
It was not until 1943 that more advanced naval fighters capable of taking on the Zero on more even terms, the Grumman F6F Hellcat and Vought F4U Corsair, reached the South Pacific theater.
Grumman's Wildcat production ceased in early 1943 to make way for the newer F6F Hellcat, but General Motors continued producing Wildcats for both U.S. Navy and Fleet Air Arm use.
From 1943 onward, Wildcats equipped with bomb racks were primarily assigned to escort carriers for use against submarines and attacking ground targets, though they would also continue to score kills against Japanese fighters, bombers and kamikaze aircraft.
Larger fighters such as the Hellcat and the Corsair and dedicated dive bombers were needed aboard fleet carriers, and the Wildcat's slower landing speed made it more suitable for shorter flight decks.
In desperation, lightly armed Avengers and FM-2 Wildcats from Taffys 1, 2 and 3 resorted to tactics such as strafing ships, including the bridge of the Japanese battleship , while the destroyers and destroyer escorts charged the enemy.
During the course of the war, Navy and Marine F4Fs and FMs flew 15,553 combat sorties (14,027 of these from aircraft carriers), destroying 1,327 enemy aircraft at a cost of 178 aerial losses, 24 to ground/shipboard fire, and 49 to operational causes (an overall kill-to-loss ratio of 6.9:1).
The original Grumman F4F-1 design was a biplane, which proved inferior to rival designs, necessitating a complete redesign as a monoplane named the F4F-2.
This design was still not competitive with the Brewster F2A Buffalo which won initial U.S. Navy orders, but when the F4F-3 development was fitted with a more powerful version of the engine, a Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp R-1830-76, featuring a two-stage supercharger, it showed its true potential.
U.S. Navy orders followed as did some (with Wright Cyclone engines) from France; these ended up with the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm after the fall of France and entered service on 8 September 1940.
These aircraft, designated by Grumman as G-36A, had a different cowling from other earlier F4Fs and fixed wings, and were intended to be fitted with French armament and avionics following delivery.
In British service initially, the aircraft were known as the Martlet I, but not all Martlets would be to exactly the same specifications as U.S. Navy aircraft.
The British directly ordered and received a version with the original Twin Wasp, but again with a modified cowling, under the manufacturer designation G-36B.
These were followed by 30 folding wing aircraft (F4F-3As) which were originally destined for the Hellenic Air Force, which were also designated Martlet IIIs.
Poor design of the armament installation on early F4Fs caused these otherwise reliable machine guns to frequently jam, a problem common to wing-mounted weapons of many U.S. fighters early in the war.
An F4F-3 flown by Lieutenant Edward O'Hare shot down, within a few minutes, five Mitsubishi twin-engine bombers attacking off Bougainville on 20 February 1942.
A shortage of two-stage superchargers led to the development of the F4F-3A, which was basically the F4F-3 but with a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-90 radial engine with a more primitive single-stage two-speed supercharger.
The F4F-3A, which was capable of at , was used side by side with the F4F-3, but its poorer performance made it unpopular with U.S. Navy fighter pilots.
11 F4F-3s of VMF-211 were at the Ewa Marine Air Corps Station on Oahu; nine of these were damaged or destroyed during the Japanese attack.
The detachment of VMF-211 on Wake lost seven Wildcats to Japanese attacks on 8 December, but the remaining five put up a fierce defense, making the first bomber kill on 9 December.
During these battles, it became clear that attacks without fighter escort amounted to suicide, but that the fighter component on the carriers was completely insufficient to provide both fighter cover for the carrier and an escort for an attack force.
This floatplane version of the F4F-3 was developed for use at forward island bases in the Pacific, before the construction of airfields.
As the performance of the basic F4F-3 was already below that of the Zero, the F4F-3S was clearly of limited usefulness.
The F4F-4 was the definitive version that saw the most combat service in the early war years, including the Battle of Midway.
The F4F-3 was replaced by the F4F-4 in June 1942, during the Battle of Midway; only VMF-221 still used them at that time.
This version was less popular with American pilots because the same amount of ammunition was spread over two additional guns, decreasing firing time.
With the F4F-3's four .50 in (12.7 mm) guns and 450 rpg, pilots had 34 seconds of firing time; six guns decreased ammunition to 240 rpg, which could be expended in less than 20 seconds.
The increase to six guns was attributed to the Royal Navy, who wanted greater firepower to deal with German and Italian foes.
Rate of climb was noticeably worse in the F4F-4; while Grumman optimistically claimed the F4F-4 could climb at a modest per minute, in combat conditions, pilots found their F4F-4s capable of ascending at only per minute.
Moreover, the F4F-4's folding wing was intended to allow five F4F-4s to be stowed in the space required by two F4F-3s.
In practice, the folding wings allowed an increase of about 50% in the number of Wildcats carried aboard U.S. fleet aircraft carriers.
A variant of the F4F-4, designated F4F-4B for contractual purposes, was supplied to the British with a modified cowling and Wright Cyclone engine.
Grumman's Wildcat production ceased in early 1943 to make way for the newer F6F Hellcat, but General Motors continued producing Wildcats for both U.S. Navy and Fleet Air Arm use.
Late in the war, the Wildcat was obsolescent as a front line fighter compared to the faster (380 mph/610 km/h) F6F Hellcat or much faster (446 mph/718 km/h) F4U Corsair.
The Wildcat's lower landing speed and ability to take off without a catapult made it more suitable for shorter flight decks.
At first, GM produced the FM-1, identical to the F4F-4, but reduced the number of guns to four, and added wing racks for two 250 lb (110 kg) bombs or six rockets.
Production later switched to the improved FM-2 (based on Grumman's XF4F-8 prototype) optimized for small-carrier operations, with a more powerful engine (the Wright R-1820-56), and a taller tail to cope with the torque.
The F2M-1 was a planned development of the FM-1 by General Motors / Eastern Aircraft to be powered by the improved XR-1820-70 engine, but the project was cancelled before any aircraft were built.
At the end of 1939, Grumman received a French order for 81 aircraft of model G-36A, to equip their new s: and .
The main difference with the basic model G-36 was due to the unavailability for export of the two-stage supercharged engine of F4F-3.
The armament which was to be fitted in France was six 7.5 mm (.296 in) Darne machine guns (two in the fuselage and four in the wings).
The throttle was modified again, four 0.50 in (12.7 mm) guns were installed in the wings and most traces of the original ownership removed.
The first Martlets entered British service in August 1940, with 804 Naval Air Squadron, stationed at Hatston in the Orkney Islands.
Belgium surrendered before any aircraft were delivered and by 10 May 1940, the aircraft order was transferred to the Royal Navy.
Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) testing of the Martlet II at a mean weight of approximately 7,350 lb showed a maximum speed of 293 mph at 5,400 ft and 13,800 ft, a maximum climb rate of 1940 fpm at 7,600 ft at 7,790 lb weight, and a time to climb to 20,000 ft of 12.5 minutes.
The Martlet was the second single-seat, monoplane fighter to operate from Royal Navy aircraft carriers following the introduction of the Sea Hurricane IB on in July 1941.
The first shipboard operations of the type in British service were in September 1941, aboard , a very small escort carrier with a carrier deck of by , no elevators and no hangar deck.
The main difference was the use of a Wright R-1820-40B Cyclone in a distinctly more rounded and compact cowling, with a single double-wide flap on each side of the rear and no lip intake.
Boscombe Down testing of the Martlet IV at 7,350 lb weight showed a maximum speed of 278 mph at 3,400 ft and 298 mph at 14,600 ft, a maximum climb rate of 1580 fpm at 6,200 ft at 7,740 lb weight, and a time to climb to 20,000 ft of 14.6 minutes.
The Fleet Air Arm purchased 312 FM-1s, originally with the designation of Martlet V. In January 1944, a decision was made to retain the American names for US-supplied aircraft, redesignating the batch as the Wildcat V.
Jack Smith worked at FirePower Systems Inc., a subsidiary of Canon Inc., where he designed integrated circuits for use in high performance PowerPC workstations, and invented and marketed the first web server accelerator card that boosted server performance significantly.
Smith came up with the idea for anonymous web-based email in 1995, and worked with Sabeer Bhatia, his colleague at Apple, to found the company.
He had also served as a Director of Engineering of Microsoft, first heading its Hotmail engineering division, and then leading a team developing next generation Internet software infrastructure.
The original lineup was: Jimmy Beaumont (lead), Janet Vogel (soprano), Wally Lester (tenor), Jackie Taylor (bass voice, guitarist), Joe Verscharen (baritone).
In 1975 Wally Lester and Joe Versharen left the group; they were replaced by new members, Jimmie Ross and Bob Sholes.
In 1978, the Detroit based record producer Don Davis — who produced Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis Jr., Johnny Taylor, the Dramatics, and the Dells — picked up one of his favorite groups (the Skyliners) to record in his United Sound Studios.
David Proch (at age 44) the third person to sing tenor for the Skyliners, died on October 19, 1998, in a car accident.
Jimmy Beaumont (born James Beaumont on October 21, 1940 in Pittsburgh) died in McKeesport, Pennsylvania on October 7, 2017, aged 76.
Until his death, Jimmy Beaumont performed with the Skyliners in their current line-up of Nick Pociask, Frank Czuri, John Sarkis, and Donna Groom (whose husband, Mark Groom, has been the group's drummer/conductor for more than 25 years).
With Beaumont's family present, the dedication ceremony took place at the park's Lions Bandshell and was followed by a concert with the current Skyliners.
In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond.
These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use.
In formal terms, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via a glycosidic bond.
For example, the glycone and aglycone portions can be chemically separated by hydrolysis in the presence of acid and can be hydrolyzed by alkali.
Fischer glycosidation refers to the synthesis of glycosides by the reaction of unprotected monosaccharides with alcohols (usually as solvent) in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
The Koenigs-Knorr reaction is the condensation of glycosyl halides and alcohols in the presence of metal salts such as silver carbonate or mercuric oxide.
If the glycone group of a glycoside is glucose, then the molecule is a glucoside; if it is fructose, then the molecule is a fructoside; if it is glucuronic acid, then the molecule is a glucuronide; etc.
In the body, toxic substances are often bonded to glucuronic acid to increase their water solubility; the resulting glucuronides are then excreted.
Salicin is converted in the body into salicylic acid, which is closely related to aspirin and has analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory effects.
Plants that make cyanogenic glycosides store them in the vacuole, but, if the plant is attacked, they are released and become activated by enzymes in the cytoplasm.
Along with playing a role in deterring herbivores, in some plants they control germination, bud formation, carbon and nitrogen transport, and possibly act as antioxidants.
The production of cyanogenic glycosides is an evolutionarily conserved function, appearing in species as old as ferns and as recent as angiosperms.
These compounds are made by around 3,000 species; in screens they are found in about 11% of cultivated plants but only 5% of plants overall—humans seem to have selected for them.
Examples include amygdalin and prunasin which are made by the bitter almond tree; other species that produce cyanogenic glycosides are sorghum (from which dhurrin, the first cyanogenic glycoside to be identified, was first isolated), barley, flax, white clover, and cassava, which produces linamarin and lotaustralin.
Amygdalin and a synthetic derivative, laetrile, were investigated as potential drugs to treat cancer and were heavily promoted as alternative medicine; they are ineffective and dangerous.
Steroid saponins, for example, in Dioscorea wild yam the sapogenin diosgenin—in form of its glycoside dioscin—is an important starting material for production of semi-synthetic glucocorticoids and other steroid hormones such as progesterone.
In general, the use of the term saponin in organic chemistry is discouraged, because many plant constituents can produce foam, and many triterpene-glycosides are amphipolar under certain conditions, acting as a surfactant.
Saponins are also natural ruminal antiprotozoal agents that are potential to improve ruminal microbial fermentation reducing ammonia concentrations and methane production in ruminant animals.
They are used in the treatment of heart diseases, e.g., congestive heart failure (historically as now recognised does not improve survivability; other agents are now preferred) and arrhythmia.
She operated in Hawaiian waters in the summer and early fall, then got underway on 23 November for Yokosuka and her first West Pacific deployment.
In June 1965, she was outfitted with a capsule retrieval device and participated in the Gemini IV Space Program as back up Pacific recovery ship.
While in berth at Pearl Harbor on 24 November 1965, an anti-submarine torpedo was discharged from the ship and landed on the pier.
She was awarded the Naval Unit Commendation for exceptionally meritorious service in Vietnamese waters from 29 August 1967 to 17 February 1968 upon her return to Pearl Harbor.
She was low on supplies during the initial days in the Indian Ocean, but supply ships soon caught up with the group.
The ship was towed from Hawaii to Australia at a cost of A$559,706, arrived in Sydney on 2 February 1994, and was berthed at Fleet Base East.
While in Australian hands, the team painted the number 40 on the bow, filling a gap in the pennant number sequence for their three destroyers.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar stops is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is codice_1.
The dental stop can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, , the postalveolar with a retraction line, , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, .
The sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically; the most common consonant phonemes of the world's languages are , and .
Some languages without a are Hawaiian (except for Niʻihau; Hawaiian uses a voiceless velar stop for loanwords with ), colloquial Samoan (which also lacks an ), Abau, and Nǁng of South Africa.
The primary objective, at the time of its formation, was to provide an agreed basis for holding world championships in competitive ballroom dance.
[http://www.wikidancesport.com/wiki/1047/world-dance-council <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] Initially consisting of nine European countries and three others, today the WDC has become the leading authority on professional dance competitions, with members in numerous countries throughout the world.
Its governing body, the Presidium, consists of a President and a number of Vice-Presidents, in 2014 seven Vice Presidents were elected.
Each member country in the WDC has its own national organisation, such as the British Dance Council, which acts as a forum for the many interested parties in that country.
The WDC also operates a WDC National Dance Council system in certain countries, which allows a multi-member system within that NDC, fostering the co-operation of major dance organisations in these countries.
Helmut Hirsch (January 27, 1916 in Stuttgart – June 4, 1937 in Berlin) was a German Jew who was executed for his part in a bombing plot intended to destabilize the German Reich.
On December 20, 1936, after telling his family he was going skiing with friends, he returned to Germany with a travel permit obtained on the false premise that he was visiting his mother, whom he claimed was ill.
It is likely that German agents in Prague had been watching him for some months, but were unable to arrest him while he remained on Czech soil.
Grunov instructed Hirsch to buy a round-trip ticket from Prague to his hometown, Stuttgart, but to travel only as far as Nuremberg.
There he was to meet a contact, who would give him baggage claim tickets for the two suitcases, which had been smuggled into Germany.
According to letters he wrote to his family from prison, he was wavering in his commitment to the plot and hoped his friend would talk him out of it.
When his friend failed to meet him as arranged, he checked into the Hotel Pelikan, across the street from the railway station.
He was charged with conspiracy to commit high treason, and was indicted for possession of explosives with criminal intent, despite the fact that he had no explosives at the time of his arrest.
Testimony at the trial made it clear that there was at least one double agent in the Black Front, who had informed on Hirsch.
A witness for the prosecution described the plot in detail that no one but a trusted member of the Black Front could have known.
Under questioning, Hirsch did not deny involvement in the plot, though the public defender assigned to his case argued that he should be acquitted since he had never carried it out.
Although Hitler was never a target of the plot, Hirsch's response gave rise to rumors printed in the international press that Hitler's assassination had been Hirsch's goal.
Hirsch's family and friends launched a campaign to free him, or at least have his sentence commuted to life in prison.
An appeal was made to the League of Nations, and the case was brought up in the House of Commons in London.
Even though Hirsch was born in Germany and lived in Stuttgart for most of his life, he never held German citizenship.
Hirsch's cousin, George Neuburger, who had moved to New York, enlisted the aid of an American lawyer, Irving S. Ottenberg, who was married to Hirsch's father's first cousin.
On April 22, 1937, by virtue of his father's newly restored citizenship, Helmut Hirsch was also declared an American citizen, although he had never set foot on American soil.
William E. Dodd, the American ambassador in Berlin, was instructed by Secretary of State Cordell Hull to intervene on Hirsch's behalf.
His sister, Katie Sugarman (Kaete Hirsch), died in 2016 having moved to the United States and possibly spared from the Nazi regime due to her family's immediate entry due to her brother.
In 1952 the Navy designated this aircraft the XS2F-1 and flew it for the first time on December 4 that year.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s the C-1 Trader carried mail and supplies to aircraft carriers on station in the Pacific Ocean during the Vietnam War and also served as a trainer for all-weather carrier operations.
The last C-1 was retired from USN service in 1988; it was the second-to-last radial-engine aircraft in U.S military service (The last C-131 wasn't retired until 1990).
In 1956 the U.S. Marine Corps Test Unit Number 1 (MCTU #1) tested the concept of using the TF-1 variant as a vehicle for inserting reconnaissance teams behind enemy lines.
Less than three weeks later, four recon parachutists launched from the USS Bennington, which was 70 miles at sea, and jumped on a desert drop zone near El Centro California, some 100 miles inland.
The first KC-2 prototype flight is expected for November 2017 and the delivery of the first operational aircraft is scheduled for December 2018.
The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae; also known as long-horned or longicorns) are a cosmopolitan family of beetles, typically characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than the beetle's body.
The scientific name of this beetle family goes back to a figure from Greek mythology: after an argument with nymphs, the shepherd Cerambus was transformed into a large beetle with horns.
As with many large families, different authorities have tended to recognize many different subfamilies, or sometimes split subfamilies off as separate families entirely (e.g., Disteniidae, Oxypeltidae, and Vesperidae); there is thus some instability and controversy regarding the constituency of the Cerambycidae.
There are few truly defining features for the group as a whole, at least as adults, as there are occasional species or species groups which may lack any given feature; the family and its closest relatives, therefore, constitute a taxonomically difficult group, and relationships of the various lineages are still poorly understood.
While in the Mediterranean, she visited Tunis, Tunisia in northern Africa; Genoa, and Naples in Italy; Marseilles and Theoule in France; and Barcelona in Spain.
The guided-missile destroyer made Charleston on 14 March and began an availability period in preparation for her participation in projects for the Chief of Naval Operations.
She put to sea again on 4 October for project O/S 102, a multi-phase test of the combat effectiveness of the Charles F. Adams-class guided-missile destroyer.
She completed the project early in December and returned to Charleston for availability, holiday leave, and preparation for another Mediterranean deployment.
On 1 July, the warship put to sea from Palma de Majorca and headed back toward Charleston, where she arrived on 22 August.
After exiting the shipyard, she resumed local operations along the southern Atlantic coast of the United States and in the West Indies until early July.
Following a week-long visit to New York City from 12 to 19 July, the guided-missile destroyer returned to Charleston to prepare for her third Mediterranean cruise.
She resumed normal operations along the southeastern coast of the United States and in the West Indies until June, when she returned to Europe.
On the 24th, she entered Amsterdam in the Netherlands for a week, then put to sea for hunter-killer operations and visits to the European ports of Hamburg, Bergen, Edinburgh, and Le Havre.
The guided-missile destroyer visited Valencia, Spain, Genoa and Naples in Italy, Patras and Athens in Greece, Kusadasi and Iskenderun in Turkey, Sousse, Tunisia, Menton, France, Palma de Majorca, Spain, and Sicily.
On 28 August, she changed operational control to the 2nd Fleet and headed for Mayport, where she arrived on 5 September.
She visited ports in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, and Uruguay in between operations and exercises conducted with units of those countries' navies.
On 15 December, she returned to Mayport and resumed exercises in the western Atlantic and upkeep in her home port through July 1974.
The guided-missile destroyer departed Mayport on 25 November and changed operational control to the 6th Fleet at Rota, Spain, on 5 December.
On 6 January 1975, the warship sailed to Rapallo, Italy for an 8-day goodwill visit with local leaders followed by a brief stop in La Spezia to meet with senior Italian Navy officials.
The warships interrupted their return passage to Portsmouth, England (23–25 May) for fuel and debriefing with a two-day sojourn in Kiel Germany.
Two days after her arrival in Philadelphia on 4 October 1975, the warship commenced the overhaul that included numerous modifications to her weapons, communication, and engineering equipment.
She tested weapon systems in Port Everglades during the last week of August then returned to Mayport for further inspections and tests.
On 20 September, a Cleveland television station news crew embarked to film for a documentary news program on life in the Navy.
The guided-missile destroyer returned to Puerto Rico for naval gunfire support qualification prior to her return to her home port of Mayport on 20 November.
During her passage south, she served as flagship for Commander Destroyer Squadron (DESRON) 14 and also enjoyed a port visit to Martinique (14–21 February).
The guided-missile destroyer returned to Mayport at the beginning of March to prepare for her upcoming deployment to the North Atlantic.
On 11 June, she completed sea trials and departed Mayport the next day for a deployment with the Standing Naval Forces, Atlantic (SNFL).
The exercise ended when the guided-missile destroyer rejoined the amphibious force off Scotland the next day and put into Portsmouth, England on the 19th Engineering problems delayed her departure until 14 October when she rejoined SNFL forces anti-aircraft exercises off western Scotland.
The guided-missile destroyer completed her Navy Technical Proficiency Inspection (12–13 March) in between two stints as an Engineering Training School Ship (26 February – 8 March and 26 March to 6 April).
On 30 April, she entered drydock in Jacksonville Shipyards for painting and minor repairs and returned to Mayport on 12 May ahead of a Command Inspection (21–22 May).
Upon return to Mayport, she provided support to the Senior Officers Ship Maintenance and Repair course and conducted a training availability with Fleet Training Center Mayport (6–10 August).
On 20 August, the guided-missile destroyer joined Composite Training Unit Exercise (COMPTUEX) 3–79 during which she fired her surface-to-air, surface-to-surface missiles and successfully launched an anti-submarine rocket (ASROC), and a Mark 46 torpedo.
She returned to Mayport on the 27th to prepare for an upcoming inspection, but Hurricane David forced the warship to sea on 2 September.
During two-weeks of exercises there, which included naval gunfire support qualification at Vieques Island, she served as flagship for DESRON 26.
Following a combat system review and inspections, the warship conducted sea trials (19–20 November) during which the ship played host to a troop of Mayport-area Boy Scouts and two participants in the Secretary of the Navy's Guest Cruise Program.
After departing Genoa on 4 January 1980, the guided-missile destroyer conducted training and an underway replenishment as she sailed south for a port visit to Bari, Italy (9–14 January) in advance of a task group missile exercise at Souda Bay, Crete on the 16th.
The warship enjoyed a repair availability in Naples (7–22 April), sailed through the Strait of Gibraltar on the 25th and passed a propulsion plant examination while in Rota, Spain (25–27 April).
With Commander DESRON 24 embarked and in the company of the Forrestal Battle Group, the guided-missile destroyer reached Mayport on 7 May.
Upon return to Mayport on the 11th, the ship's crew prepared for the annual Nuclear Technical Proficiency Inspection which she passed with outstanding grades in six of seven areas evaluated.
After a dependent's cruise (7 August), the warship departed Mayport for a goodwill cruise of Latin American under operational control of Combined Joint Task Force Commander, Key West.
The guided-missile destroyer suffered substantial damage from an electrical fire in the after engine room upon her departure from Honduras, but this did not deter her from earning the top score for her class of ship in naval gunfire support qualification at Vieques (7 September).
Upon her return to Mayport on the 26th, the guided-missile destroyer remained in port, except for type training off Jacksonville (22 October), to concentrate on training and preparations for an upcoming deployment and overhaul.
After completion of sea trials (24–26 November), she set sail for Puerto Rican waters on 1 December to participate in gunfire and missile exercises.
After removal of weapons at Charleston, South Carolina (31 July – 4 August), the ship returned to Mayport on 7 August to prepare for a 15-month overhaul.
Upon arrival in Philadelphia, the warship received a warm welcome from city leaders and hosted 15,000 visitors on 29 and 30 August before she arrived in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on the last day of the month.
In early April 1983, she tested her weapons systems during trials in Port Everglades and her ASW systems at the AUTEC range in the Bahamas.
The guided-missile destroyer conducted missile qualification training at Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico and naval gunfire support qualification at Vieques en route to refresher training at Guantanamo.
The guided-missile destroyers original schedule called for two months in the Indian Ocean following operations in the Mediterranean, however, resurgent violence in Lebanon between Christian and Druze militia followed by the killing of 241 U.S. Marines in the suicide bombing of the Marine barracks in Beirut on 23 October prompted a high-speed transit to the eastern Mediterranean after she changed to 6th Fleet control on the 28th.
On 13, 18, and 19 December, the warship fire her 5-inch guns on Syrian anti-aircraft positions and claimed the destruction of her two assigned targets on the 13th.
In October, an unforeseen problem with one of her main engines kept her pierside for a month while General Electric technical representatives and the ship's crew made repairs.
She put to sea off Jacksonville the first two weeks of February 1985 to test her combat and fire control systems.
In the Persian Gulf, she operated on a radar patrol station in concert with Air Force E3A AWACS based in Saudi Arabia until January.
The guided-missile cruiser conducted more surveillance operations in the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf en route to Bahrain where the ship enjoyed a five-day port visit prior to moving to a training anchorage on the 22nd to practice engineering and damage control exercises.
She twice got underway in June for engineering training and on 8 July conducted three days of sea trials off Jacksonville.
Although a 23 December fast cruise concluded her availability, the need for a significant amount of work on her underwater hull led to the guided-missile destroyer being towed to Jacksonville Shipyard on 13 January 1987 for three months in drydock.
After a five weeks of training in West Indies waters (9 June – 16 July), she visited Bahamas for two days before returning to Mayport on 21 July 1987.
Mobile Training Team from Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (ComNavSurfLant) arrived on the 27th and the ship completed a routine test and inspection the following month before getting underway for a fleet exercise on 21 August.
Before the exercise concluded on 4 September, the warship had participated in a successful missile firing as well as naval gunfire support exercises off Puerto Rico.
The guided-missile destroyer made a port Honduras (7–8 September) before she put into Mayport on the 13th for a maintenance availability.
The ship conducted inspections and training, including an inspection by Commander, DESRON 12, before she completed her availability in early December.
In addition to battle group training and operations, she visited Palma de Majorca (18–25 March), Genoa, Italy (29 March – 5 April) and Villefranche, France (11–15 April) before the battle group moved to a training anchorage at Augusta Bay, Sicily (18–24 April).
After two weeks of availability and upkeep, she got underway for the Black Sea, via the Bosporus, where a Soviet ship escorted her to Constanta, Romania (21–24 June).
The warship sailed to the Virginia Capes for tracking and live firing exercises on the 18th and 19th then returned to Mayport two days later.
After the guided-missile destroyer received a satisfactory report from the INSURV conducted 14 to 18 November she conducted an intermediate availability on the 21st.
With a Coast Guard detachment embarked, the guided-missile destroyer interdicted a small Haitian sailing vessel with 150 refugees bound for United States.
In October, the warships visited Fort Lauderdale and Tampa and she sailed to the AUTEC range for ASW training from 11 to 14 December.
The next couple of months included five French port visits, two visits to ports of call in Algeria, and one in Tunisia.
The old destroyer was sold for scrapping to International Shipbreaking Ltd., Brownsville, Texas, on 10 February 1999, towed to Brownsville by salvage tug Elsbeth III starting 18 March 1999 and dismantled at Brownsville between 12 April 1999 and 22 March 2000.
The men's Royal Rumble match is usually located at the top of the card, though there have been exceptions, such as the 1988, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2006, 2013, and 2018 events.
Due to the Rumble match taking up a large amount of time (most Rumble matches last roughly one hour), the Rumble event tends to have a smaller card than most other pay-per-view events, which routinely have six to eight matches per card.
The 2018 Royal Rumble was the first to include a women's Royal Rumble match, which was the main event for that year.
The Royal Rumble is based on the classic Battle Royal match, in which a number of wrestlers (traditionally 30) aim at eliminating their competitors by tossing them over the top rope, with both feet touching the floor.
According to Hornswoggle, who worked for WWE from 2006 until 2016 and participated in two Rumbles, participants may learn their eliminations by knowing the two wrestlers who are eliminated before them and which wrestlers are entering the Royal Rumble before and after their elimination.
Two months later, on 28 November, she deployed to the Mediterranean for her first tour, of four months, with the 6th Fleet.
From February to July 1966, the guided missile destroyer conducted her second tour with the 6th Fleet; and, on her return to the United States, changed her home port from Charleston to Norfolk, Virginia, effective 1 August, in anticipation of her first major overhaul at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard.
In July, she rejoined DesRon 6 at Charleston; and, in August, she deployed for her third tour with the 6th Fleet.
She participated in fleet and NATO exercises into January 1968; then returned to Charleston, arriving on 31 January for a month's rest before resuming operations in the Caribbean and off the east coast.
On 15 November, she was relieved by the destroyer at Rota, Spain; and, 11 days later, she returned to Charleston where she remained in port for the rest of the year.
During 1971, her schedule remained basically the same; but her annual tour with the 6th Fleet, 16 July to 11 October, was followed by visits to the Netherlands and to Denmark for bi-national and NATO operations.
In November, she conducted exercises in the Caribbean; and, in December, she prepared for another deployment in the Mediterranean with NATO's Standing Naval Force, Atlantic.
Following a month of post-deployment standdown, from 10 July until 10 August, she resumed operations along the eastern seaboard and in the Caribbean.
Her presence exerted a powerful influence during times of crisis and helped maintain peace as a component of NATO seapower throughout the Cold War period.
She distinguished herself during crises in Cyprus (1964, 1974); provided air cover for planes evacuating Americans from an insurrection in Amman, Jordan (1970); took part in contingency operations during the Arab-Israeli Yom-Kippur War (1973); was the escort combatant during the evacuation of Americans from Beirut, Lebanon (1976); and conducted Black Sea Freedom of Navigation operations (1979).
During that deployment she sortied from Bahrain on short notice and provided assistance to after she was hit by two anti-ship missiles launched by an Iraqi F-1 Mirage.
Four sailors pleaded guilty to assisting her with the highest sentence being 70 days in the brig for hiding an illegal alien and aiding entry to the United States.
She was returned to Ireland at which point she reported she was held against her will, drugged and sexually abused while on board.
A major fuel oil fire erupted from the ship's Forward Fire Room into the ship's superstructure, isolating the crew forward and aft, requiring an all-hands effort to extinguish it.
The ship had just completed a maintenance availability and a fuel oil strainer had not been assembled properly by a contractor and not inspected to verify assembly by ships company.
The result was that the assembly failed catastrophically and started a fuel oil fire, caused an officer to die, 18 other sailors to be injured and the ship to be decommissioned shortly thereafter.
Edward Bradford Titchener (11 January 1867 – 3 August 1927) was an English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years.
He created the largest doctoral program in the United States (at the time) after becoming a professor at Cornell University, and his first graduate student, Margaret Floy Washburn, became the first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology (1894).
Titchener's parents, Alice Field Habin and John Titchener, eloped to marry in 1866 and his mother was disowned by her prominent Sussex family.
In autumn 1892 Titchener joined the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University as an untenured lecturer teaching philosophy and psychology.
He developed a psychology laboratory, gained editing positions and in 1895 gained tenure, a full professorship and independence from the Sage School.
She, and his sisters, had lived in difficult circumstances after the death of his father, with his sisters spending time in an orphanage and then entering domestic service.
Titchener's ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt's theory of voluntarism and his ideas of Association and Apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements of consciousness respectively).
Titchener attempted to classify the structures of the mind in the way a chemist breaks down chemicals into their component parts—water into hydrogen and oxygen, for example.
He conceived of hydrogen and oxygen as structures of a chemical compound, and sensations and thoughts as structures of the mind.
Each of these related to some corresponding quality of stimulus, although some stimuli were insufficient to provoke their relevant aspect of sensation.
Titchener believed that if the basic components of the mind could be defined and categorised that the structure of mental processes and higher thinking could be determined.
What each element of the mind is, how those elements interact with each other and why they interact in the ways that they do was the basis of reasoning that Titchener used in trying to find structure to the mind.
The subject would be instructed not to report the name of the object (pencil) because that did not describe the raw data of what the subject was experiencing.
This manual of Titchener's provided students with in-depth outlines of procedure for experiments on optical illusions, Weber's Law, visual contrast, after-images, auditory and olfactory sensations, perception of space, ideas, and associations between ideas, as well as descriptions proper behaviour during experiments and general discussion of psychological concepts.
Titchener put great stock in the systematic work of Gustav Fechner, whose psychophysics advanced the notion that it was indeed possible to measure mental phenomena (Titchener 1902, p. cviii- cix).
Titchener placed a great deal of emphasis on the importance of harmony and communication between the two memberships in these partnerships.
Communication, in particular, was necessary, because illness or agitation on the part of the observer could affect the outcome of any given experiment.
Recent brain imaging studies have been able to confirm these findings by showing that attention can speed up perceptual brain activation.
However, although his idea of structuralism thrived while he was alive and championing for it, structuralism did not live on after his death.
Some modern reflections on Titchener consider the narrow scope of his psychology and the strict, limited methodology he deemed acceptable as a prominent explanation for the fall of Titchener's structuralism after his death.
Structuralism, along with Wundt's voluntarism, were both effectively challenged and improved upon, though they did influence many schools of psychology today.
Titchener's effect on the history of psychology, as it is taught in classrooms, was partially the work of his student Edwin Boring.
The length at which Boring detailed Titchener's contributions—contemporary Hugo Münsterberg received roughly a tenth as much of Boring's attention—raise questions today as to whether or not the influence credited to Titchener on the history of psychology is inflated as a result.
The film was released on March 12, 2004, by Columbia Pictures; it was a moderate box office success and received mixed reviews from critics.
After catching his wife Amy having an affair with their friend Ted, mystery writer Mort Rainey retreats to his cabin at Tashmore Lake in upstate New York, depressed and suffering from writer's block.
The following day, Mort, who once plagiarized another author's story, tells Shooter that his story was published two years before Shooter's, invalidating his plagiarism claim.
That night, Mort's dog, Chico, is found dead outside the cabin, along with a note from Shooter giving Mort three days to provide proof.
Mort drives to his and Amy's house intending to retrieve the magazine in which his story was published but leaves because Ted and Amy are there.
Mort hires private investigator Ken Karsch, who stakes out the cabin and speaks to Tom Greenleaf, a local resident who may have seen Shooter and Mort talking together.
Karsch tells Mort that he suspects Shooter has threatened Greenleaf after Greenleaf claimed he never saw Mort and Shooter talking together.
Mort and Karsch agree to confront Shooter but first will meet up with Greenleaf at the local diner the next morning.
Mort realizes that Shooter is a figment of his imagination, a created character brought to life through Mort's undetected dissociative identity disorder, adopted to carry out malevolent tasks like killing Chico, Greenleaf, and Karsch, as well as arson.
Mort appears, speaking and acting as Shooter and wearing his hat, which a flashback reveals Mort previously bought at a flea market.
Sheriff Newsome arrives and warns Mort that he is the prime suspect in the supposed murders, he will eventually be caught, and says he is no longer welcome in town.
It is implied that Amy and Ted's bodies are buried under the corn growing there, allowing Mort to slowly destroy any evidence of their murders.
The film was a modest box office success, succeeding at recouping its budget of $40 million with a worldwide gross of $92 million.
Flying ointment is a hallucinogenic ointment said to have been used by witches in the practice of European witchcraft from at least as early as the Early Modern period, when detailed recipes for such preparations were first recorded.
The ointment is known by a wide variety of names, including witches' flying ointment, green ointment, magic salve, or lycanthropic ointment.
Typical poisonous ingredients included belladonna, henbane bell, jimson weed, black henbane, mandrake, hemlock, and/or wolfsbane, most of which contain atropine, hyoscyamine, and/or scopolamine.
The effects of transdermal absorption of complex mixtures of the active constituents of such potentially lethal plants have not been adequately studied.
Some investigators in modern times who have sought to recreate for their own use the 'flying ointment' of times past have lost their lives in the attempt.
An early proponent of the last explanation was Renaissance scholar and scientist Giambattista della Porta, who not only interviewed users of the flying ointment, but witnessed its effects upon such users at first hand, comparing the deathlike trances he observed in his subjects with their subsequent accounts of the bacchanalian revelry they had 'enjoyed'.
While studying medicine in Pavia as a young man, Augustus returned late one night to his lodgings (without a key) to find no one awake to let him in.
Climbing up to a balcony, he was able to enter through a window, and at once sought out the maidservant, who should have been awake to admit him.
The following morning he tried to question her on the matter, but she would only reply that she had been 'on a journey'.
It concerns a certain notary of Lugano who, unable to find his wife one morning, searched for her all over their estate and finally discovered her lying deeply unconscious, naked and filthy with her vagina exposed, in a corner of the pigsty.
and at first wanted to kill her on the spot, but, thinking better of such rashness, waited until she recovered from her stupor, in order to question her.
Terrified by his wrath, the poor woman fell to her knees and confessed that during the night she had 'been on a journey'.
Light is cast on the tale of the notary's wife by two accounts widely separated in time but revealing a persistent theme in European Witchcraft.
The second account dates from some 800 years later, coming from Norway in the early 18th century and is the testimony, at the age of thirteen, of one Siri Jørgensdatter.
Siri claimed that when she was seven her grandmother had taken her to the witches' sabbath on the mountain meadow Blockula ('blue-hill') : her grandmother led her to a pigsty, where she smeared a sow with some ointment which she took from a horn, whereupon grandmother and granddaughter mounted the animal and, after a short ride through the air, arrived at a building on the Sabbath mountain.
Some sources have claimed that such an ointment would best be absorbed through mucous membranes, and that the traditional image of a female witch astride a broomstick implies the application of flying ointment to the vulva.
The passage from the trial for witchcraft in Ireland of Hiberno-Norman noblewoman Alice Kyteler in 1324 quoted above is, while not explicit, certainly open to interpretations both drug-related and sexual.
It is also a very early account of such practices, pre-dating by some centuries witch trials in the early modern period.
The testimony of Dame Kyteler's maidservant, Petronilla de Meath, while somewhat compromised by having been extracted under torture, contains references not only to her mistress's abilities in the preparation of 'magical' medicines, but also her sexual behaviour, including at least one instance of (alleged) intercourse with a demon.
According to the inquisition ('in which were five knights and numerous nobles') set in motion by Richard de Ledrede, Bishop of Ossory, there was in the city of Kilkenny a band of heretical sorcerers, at the head of whom was Dame Alice Kyteler and against whom no fewer than seven charges relating to witchcraft were laid.
Deducting from the above ingredients of purely symbolic significance relating to death and heresy, one is left with the cooking, in a fatty mixture, of 'unspecified herbs' and 'horrible worms' to produce, among other preparations, 'unguents' and 'ointments' - one of which was the 'staffe-greasing' ointment later found in the 'pipe' discovered in Dame Alice's closet.
Those of the 'unspecified herbs' may well be guessed at in the light of information regarding later flying ointment recipes, but the 'horrible worms' remain more cryptic : it is unclear whether actual worms or insect larvae are intended.
Comparison of Alice Kyteler's 'staffe' and Siri Jørgensdatter's sow - both greased with a mysterious ointment, suggest the innate conservatism of European Witchcraft and the persistence of a body of women's knowledge related to sexuality and the use of a potent and complex drug.
There is no definite indication of the proportions of solanaceous herbs vs. poppy used in flying ointments, and most historical recipes for flying ointment do not include poppy.
Convinced from first hand observation that the Nazis were an increasing threat, he resigned over his inability to mobilize the Roosevelt administration, particularly the State Department, to counter the Nazis prior to the start of World War II.
His paternal English or Scottish ancestors had lived in America since the 1740s when Daniel Dodd settled among the Highland Scots in the Cape Fear Valley.
He was unable to secure an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy or at the University of North Carolina, and so taught at local schools until 1891, when he enrolled at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech).
Dodd received his bachelor's degree in 1895 and a master's degree in 1897, by which time he had begun teaching undergraduates.
On a colleague's advice, Dodd traveled to Germany and earned his Ph.D. at the University of Leipzig in 1900, based on a thesis (in German) concerning Thomas Jefferson's 1796 return to politics following a three-year hiatus.
Shortly after returning to the United States and resuming his teaching career, Dodd married Martha Johns at her family's home in nearby Wake County, North Carolina on December 25, 1901.
Dodd learned a class-conscious view of Southern history from his family, which taught him that slaveholders were responsible for the Civil War.
Recruited by the University of Chicago, Dodd began his 25-year career as Professor of American History there in 1908; he declined an offer from the University of California, Berkeley, the following year.
Dodd was the first (and for many years the only) college or university professor fully devoted to the history of the American South.
Though much of his scholarship was later superseded, Dodd helped to model a new approach to regional history: sympathetic, judicious, and less partisan than the work of earlier generations.
In 1912 he wrote speeches for presidential candidate Woodrow Wilson, a Virginian and academic whose family had similarly experienced the devastating aftermath of the American Civil War.
In 1920 Dodd reviewed the League-related parts of the speech Ohio Governor James M. Cox gave when accepting the Democratic nomination for the presidency.
Through these efforts, he developed connections to a number of figures in the Democratic Party establishment, including Josephus Daniels, Daniel C. Roper, and Edward M. House.
In addition to his responsibilities at the University of Chicago and later American University, Dodd held several positions as an officer of the American Historical Association and became that organization's president in 1934 (after his ambassadorial appointment described below).
Moreover, the Southern Historical Association was founded in November 1934 and published the first volume of the Journal of Southern History the same year.
In 1932, Dodd declined an invitation to speak with the committee charged with selecting a president of the University of Virginia.
In June 1934 some alumni touted Dodd as a possible successor to the president of the College of William and Mary.
The ambassadorship, normally a patronage position rather than one filled by a State Department professional, was offered to others, including James M. Cox and Newton D. Baker, both of whom declined citing personal reasons.
With the administration under pressure to act before the adjournment of Congress, Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper, a longtime friend of Dodd and his family, suggested his name after Dodd himself had made it clear he was seeking a diplomatic post that would allow him sufficient free time to complete his multi-volume history.
Before his departure for Berlin, State Department officials set as his priority the need to ensure that the German government did not default on its debts to American lenders.
Dodd met with a group of bankers in New York City who recognized that economic conditions in Germany made full payment unlikely.
They hoped he could argue against a German default and suggested they would agree to lower the interest on their loans from 7% to 4% to prevent it.
National City Bank and Chase National Bank held over 100 million dollars in German bonds, which Germany later proposed to pay back at the rate of thirty-cents on the dollar.
He repeatedly registered protests with the German government when payments were suspended or debts to United States lenders were treated differently from debts owed to those in other countries.
Before leaving to take up his post, Dodd consulted on the situation in Germany, and especially Nazi persecution of the Jews, with his own contacts and during interviews the State Department arranged for him.
Some of the State Department's most senior officials harbored an outright dislike of Jews, including William Phillips, Undersecretary of State, the second-highest-ranking man in the department.
Dodd met with members of the Jewish-American community, including Stephen S. Wise and Felix Warburg, who asked him to seek a reversal of the Nazis' repressive anti-Jewish policies.
Based on this view of the proper role of Jews in society, he advised Hitler in March 1934 that Jewish influence should be restrained in Germany as it was in the United States.
Dodd tried without success to save the life of Helmut Hirsch, a German-American Jew who planned to bomb parts of the Nazi party rally grounds at Nuremberg.
When Mowrer's employers arranged for him to leave and he sought to stay to cover the September 1933 Nuremberg rally, Dodd refused to support him, believing his reporting was so provocative that it made it difficult for other American journalists to work.
On October 5, 1933 Dodd gave a speech in Berlin at the American Club describing the New Deal's effect on the U.S.
His views grew more critical and pessimistic with the Night of the Long Knives in June–July 1934, when the Nazis killed prominent political opponents including many dissenters within the Nazi movement.
Dodd was one of the very few in the U.S. and European diplomatic community who reported that the Nazis were too strongly entrenched for any opposition to emerge.
Following a U.S. vacation of several months in 1936, Dodd devoted the fall to testing German reaction to a personal meeting between Roosevelt and Hitler, an initiative the President proposed, or a world peace conference.
After a series of rebuffs, Dodd produced a report for the State Department dated November 28, 1936, which Assistant Secretary Moore commended and forwarded to Roosevelt.
He was neither a political figure of the sort normally honored with such a prestigious appointment, nor a member of the social elite that formed the higher ranks of the Foreign Service.
In Berlin some of his subordinates were embarrassed by his insistence on living modestly, walking unaccompanied in the street, and leaving formal receptions so early as to appear rude.
Dodd considered his insistence on living on his $17,500 annual salary a point of pride and criticized the posh lifestyle of other embassy officials.
Early in his tenure as ambassador, Dodd decided to avoid attending the annual Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg rather than appear to endorse Hitler's regime.
In 1933, the State Department left the decision to him, and other ambassadors—including those of France and Great Britain—adopted a similar policy to Dodd's.
As the Nazi Party became indistinguishable from the government, however, the State Department preferred that Dodd attend and avoid giving offense to the German government.
State Department pressure increased each year until Dodd determined to avoid attending in 1937 by arranging a visit to the United States at the time of the rally.
His advice against sending a representative of the U.S. embassy to attend the September 1937 Nazi Party congress in Nuremberg was overridden by his State Department superiors, and the State Department allowed its overruling of Dodd's position to become public.
She noted that Dodd met her because she already knew his daughter, Martha Dodd, who was (unbeknownst to her father) a Soviet spy.
By 1936, his health had declined seriously and his clear antagonism to the German government increased his personal sense of defeat.
He supported Roosevelt's attempt to enlarge the membership of the Supreme Court, arguing that courts need to be responsive to popular wishes if the United States were to avoid totalitarian impulses.
Consistent in interpreting American institutions in terms of their place on the aristocratic-democratic continuum, he viewed the Supreme Court as an aristocratic institution in need of an infusion of democracy.
President Roosevelt, reacting to complaints about Dodd's effectiveness as well as his health, notified the State Department in April 1937 that he was prepared to see Dodd's tenure end September 1.
Given that exchange, the State Department determined that it was more important that Dodd return to Germany than to allow his resignation to appear as a response to German protests.
In 1937, Dodd stepped down as ambassador in Berlin, and President Roosevelt appointed Hugh Wilson, a senior professional diplomat, to replace him.
After leaving his State Department post, Dodd took a position at American University in Washington, D.C., as well as campaigned to warn against the dangers posed by Germany, Italy, and Japan, and detailed racial and religious persecution in Germany.
Dodd, who suffered for years from a severe throat condition exacerbated by the stress of his ambassadorship, traveled on a speaking tour of Canada and the US, establishing his reputation as a statesman who opposed the Nazis.
After a year's illness, Dodd died of pneumonia on February 9, 1940, at his country home at Round Hill, Loudoun County, Virginia.
Dodd's papers are held in several places, including the Library of Congress, the Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, the libraries of Randolph-Macon College, Duke University, and the University of Chicago, as well as among other people's papers held by the Library of Virginia and Virginia Historical Society.
In April 1946, during the Nuremberg trials, Dodd's diaries were used as evidence against Hjalmar Schacht, a liberal economist and banker, and a Nazi government official until the end of 1937.
He faults as well Dodd's nostalgic view of the Germany of his student years and centuries past that enabled him to view German anti-Semitism as a Nazi phenomenon driven personally by Hitler without recognizing its deeper roots in German society.
The coat of some Puli dogs can be different with either thinner or thicker cords which can be flat or round depending on the texture of the coat and the balance of undercoat to outer coat.
Alternatively, the coat can be trimmed short regularly for easy maintenance although the corded coat is what attracts many people to the breed.
Pulis kept indoors need a lot of exercise to use up their energy, or they can become either shy or overactive.
The right kind of exercise includes running, running with a biker, hiking, jogging and field work; not just a walk around the corner.
Despite their bulky appearance and very thick coat, they are very fast, agile, and able to change directions instantly and are obedient enough to train for athletic competition.
Traditionally, the Puli dog breed was used as a herding dog and sometimes even as a livestock guarding dog, as well.
When restricted to closed spaces for long periods of times, they grow restless and may develop unwanted personality traits, such as becoming hyperactive or, instead, increasingly aloof and lazy.
As a livestock guarding dog, they are fiercely protective of their territory and flock, and, despite their relatively small size, will fearlessly try to scare and drive any intruder away; however, they very rarely inflict any real injuries.
They regard their family as their flock, and will keep their distance until they are sure a stranger is not a threat.
Every Puli is a natural shepherd and instinctively knows how to herd a flock of sheep or livestock even if they have been raised as a family dog and have never been trained to do it.
The Puli is a sheepdog from Hungary thought to be introduced by the migration of the Magyars from Central Asia more than 1,000 years ago.
The Komondor (or several Komondorok if there was a large amount of livestock) guarded the sheep or cattle mostly at night, while the Puli herded and guarded them during the day.
When wolves or bears attacked the livestock, the Puli would alert the pack and the Komondorok would come and fight the intruders.
Although the coats may look slightly similar, the Puli has never worked in water and the Puli's coat does not grow continuously in the same fashion as a corded Poodle's coat once the cords are formed.
Travelers brought the Puli with them to the Carpathian basin, to help organize the flocks and herd the stallions of the area.
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a real turning point for the breed came when it was rediscovered but no longer used much as a sheepdog; extensive shepherding was replaced by intensive farming.
Although their traditional duty was kept, they started to fulfill jobs that were convenient in the circumstances of their owner: they became house dogs.
After World War II, the breed became a less popular pet; even now, the breed has not been able to regain the popularity it previously enjoyed.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture imported four purebred Pulik in 1935 to Beltsville, Maryland as part of an experiment when trying to help American agriculturists concerned with the problem of herding dogs which sometimes killed the animals to which they had been entrusted to control.
The Pulik were bred among themselves and crossed with the German Shepherd, the Chow Chow and perhaps with two turkish sheepdogs which were quartered there at the time.
On the tests given by researchers there, Pulik scored, on the average, between 75 and 85, where other herding breeds, scored in the range of 12 to 14.
When WWII broke out, the Pulik were auctioned off to professional breeders, and, it is thought that, it is from these four dogs and their progeny that history of the Puli in the United States began.
Notable for being one of the few things that could live and thrive in such a place, in time it became a sort of mascot for the town.
Lovey and Dude Romeo of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania have appeared extensively online and in YouTube videos Puli PrayingOriginally from Green Bay Wisconsin.
(first released by Iđut, 1989, later re-released by Real World) was her breakthrough release, and she continued to record popular albums throughout the 1990s.
Boine was born and raised in Gámehisnjárga, a village on the river Anarjohka in Karasjok municipality in Finnmark, in the far north of Norway.
The front cover curiously did not show the name of the album, or the name or face of Mari Boine herself; the back cover printed the name 'Mari Boine Persen', the Persen surname identifying her as a Norwegian rather than a Sami.
On the 2007 release on her own Lean label, the album cover explicitly names Mari Boine with her Sami surname, and shows her (see illustration) in full Sami costume as a shamanistic dancer of her own people, while the white background, like the snowy owl of the original release, hints at the snows of the north.
Boine was asked to perform at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, but refused because she perceived the invitation as an attempt to bring a token minority to the ceremonies.
For example, on 'Gula Gula' the instruments used are drum, guitar, electric bass clarinet, dozo n'koni, ganga, claypot, darboka, tambourine, seed rattles, cymbal, clarinet, piano, frame drum, saz, drone drum, hammered dulcimer, bosoki, overtone flute, bells, bass, quena, charango and antara.
She was appointed knight, first class in the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav for her artistic diversity on 18 September 2009.
The Vatican Apostolic Archive (; ), known until October 2019 as the Vatican Secret Archive, is the central repository in the Vatican City for all of the acts promulgated by the Holy See.
The pope, as Sovereign of Vatican City, owns the material held in the archive until his death or resignation, with ownership passing to his successor.
The archive also contains the state papers, correspondence, papal account books, and many other documents which the church has accumulated over the centuries.
In the 17th century, under the orders of Pope Paul V, the Secret Archive was separated from the Vatican Library, where scholars had some very limited access, and remained closed to outsiders until the late 19th century, when Pope Leo XIII opened the archive to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine some of its documents each year.
Most of the materials which are actively denied to outsiders relate to contemporary personalities and activities, including everything dated after 1939, as well as the private records of church figures after 1922.
On 28 October 2019, Pope Francis issued an Apostolic Letter motu proprio dated 22 October changing the name Vatican Secret Archive to Vatican Apostolic Archive.
The vast majority of these documents are now lost, but we know of them through references in contemporary and later works.
In later centuries, as the Church amassed power, popes would visit heads of state to negotiate treaties or make political appearances around Europe.
When they travelled for diplomatic or other purposes, they would take their archives with them, since they needed it for administrative work.
By the 11th century, the archives of the church were devolved to at least three separate sites: the Lateran, St. Peter's Basilica, and the Palatine palace.
The various places where the archives were kept along the way were sacked by the Ghibellines three separate times, in 1314, 1319, and 1320.
The Western Schism resulted in two sets of papal archives being developed at once; this rose to three during the era of Pisan antipope John XXIII.
During the 1404 sack of the Vatican, papal registers and historical documents were thrown into the streets, and Pope Innocent VII fled the city.
His successor, Pope Gregory XII, supposedly sold off a large number of archival materials in 1406, including some of the papal registers.
As Napoleon conquered the states on the Italian peninsula in the 1790s, he demanded works of art and manuscripts as tribute.
The 1798 Treaty of Tolentino made even greater demands and the works sent to Paris included the Codex Vaticanus, the oldest extant manuscript of the Bible in Greek.
By the time Napoleon became emperor in 1804, he envisaged a central archive in Paris of the records and treasures of Europe.
In 1809 he ordered the entire Vatican Archive transferred to Paris and by 1813 more than 3000 crates had been shipped with only modest losses.
His predecessor Marino Marini had produced an account of Galileo's trials that failed to satisfy scholars who saw it as an apology for the Inquisition.
Beginning in 1867, Theiner and his successor granted individual scholars access to the manuscripts relating to the trial of Galileo, leading to an extended dispute about their authenticity.
Scholarly access was briefly interrupted following the dissolution of the Papal States in 1870, when Archive officials restricted access to assert their control against competing claims by the victorious Italian state.
In 1879, Pope Leo XIII appointed as archivist Cardinal Josef Hergenröther, who immediately wrote a memo recommending that historians be allowed to access to the Archive.
When the German Protestant historian Theodor von Sickel, in April 1883, published the results of his research in the Archive that defended the Church against charges of forgery, Pope Leo was further persuaded.
In August 1883 he wrote to the three cardinals who shared responsibility for the Archive and praised the potential of historical research to clarify the role of the papacy in European culture and Italian politics.
In 1979, historian Carlo Ginzburg sent a letter to the newly-elected Pope John Paul II, asking that the archives of the Holy Office (the Roman Inquisition) be opened.
Though the Archive has developed policies that restrict access to material by pontificate, with access granted 75 years after the close of a pope's reign, popes have granted exceptions.
Pope Francis announced on 4 March 2019 that materials relating to Pope Pius XII will be opened on 2 March 2020.
In addition to assessing Pius's response to the Holocaust, the archives of the papacy of Pope Pius XII should point to much broader shift in global Christianity from Europe to the global South.
Since 2006, members of the archives department have been organising the estimated 16 million pages of documents, to get them ready for viewing by researchers.
Complete archives of letters written by the popes, known as the papal registers, are available beginning with the papacy of Innocent III (r. 1198-1216).
Notable documents include Henry VIII of England's request for a marriage annulment, a handwritten transcript of the trial of Galileo for heresy, and letters from Michelangelo complaining he had not been paid for work on the Sistine Chapel.
They included the 1521 bull of excommunication of Martin Luther and a letter from Mary, Queen of Scots, written while awaiting her execution.
The entrance to the Archive, adjacent to the Vatican Library, is through the Porta di S. Anna in via di Porta Angelica (rione of Borgo).
Qualified scholars from institutions of higher education pursuing scientific research with an adequate knowledge of archival research may apply for an entry card.
Scholars need an introductory letter from either a recognized institute of research or a suitably qualified person in their field of historical research.
With limited exceptions, materials dated after 1939 are unavailable to researchers until 2 March 2020, when material from Pius XII's tenure (1939-1958) is opened.
Early in the 21st century, the Vatican Apostolic Archives began an in-house digitization project, to attempt to both make the documents more available to researchers and to help to preserve aging physical documents.
While character-recognition software is adept at reading typed text, the cramped and many-serifed style of medieval handwriting makes distinguishing individual characters difficult for the software.
The confidentiality of the material means that, in spite of the centuries that have passed since 1564, special rules apply to its publication.
Recognized as the first great slugger in baseball history, and among the greatest sluggers of his era, he held the record for career home runs from to , with his final total of 106 tying for the fourth most of the 19th century.
His career slugging percentage of .519 remained the Major League record for a player with at least 4,000 at bats until Ty Cobb edged ahead of him in 1922.
At the time of his initial retirement, he also ranked second in career triples (205), and third in runs batted in (1,296) and hits.
A dominant hitter during the prime of his career, he led (or was in the top of) the league in most offensive categories, including batting average, runs scored, runs batted in (RBI), on-base percentage and hits.
He led the league in batting average five times, the most by a 19th-century player, and his career .342 batting average still ranks ninth all-time.
Brouthers is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date who have appeared in Major League games in four decades.
He was also an active players' union member, and was elected vice president of the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players.
Brouthers was born in Sylvan Lake, New York, to Michael and Annie Brooder, Catholic immigrants from Ireland; upon arriving in New York, Michael Brooder was recruited to Dutchess County to work in open pit iron mines in the town of Beekman.
Brouthers may have been named after Saint Denis, as a local Catholic church by that name was founded in the same year.
The family eventually moved to the nearby hamlet of Fishkill Plains before settling in the village of Wappingers Falls where Michael found safer work at a printing mill.
Brouthers played organized baseball from the time that he was a child, from playing in the local sandlots to the semi-professional Actives of Wappingers Falls.
On July 7, , while running the bases, he collided at home plate with a catcher, named Johnny Quigley, of the Clippers of Harlem.
Brouthers made his Major League debut on June 23, , for the Troy Trojans, and contributed a single in a come-from-behind victory against the Syracuse Stars.
Although he was a first baseman, he was called upon to pitch that season with the Trojans in three games, one of which was on August 21 against Tommy Bond and the Boston Red Caps.
After his release, Brouthers played for a minor league team in Rochester, New York, and on one occasion in , he hit a game-winning home run in an exhibition game versus the Buffalo Bisons, off future Hall of Fame pitcher Pud Galvin.
He hit well enough in the minors to get another shot with the Trojans, which lasted just three games when he had only two hits in 12 at bats, and he was released again.
Brouthers got his first chance to be an everyday player in , when he was signed by the Bisons, the team that he did well against the previous year.
Along with his two batting titles, during his time in Buffalo he also led the NL in slugging five times, hits and total bases twice each, and triples and RBIs once each, with his 1883 total of 97 RBIs setting a new Major League record; Cap Anson had set the previous mark of 83 the year before, and retook the record the following year with a total of 102.
In , his first season in Detroit, he again led the league in slugging percentage, the sixth year in a row, and led the league in total bases and doubles and claimed his first home run title.
He finished within the top 10 in most offensive categories, including a third-place finish in the batting race with a lofty .370 average.
On September 10, , Brouthers hit three home runs‚ along with a double and a single, to set the NL record with 15 total bases in one game.
This mark tied the Major League record at the time, as Guy Hecker of the Louisville Colonels totaled 15 the previous month in the American Association.
The team finished with a record of 87 wins and 36 losses, but finished in second place behind the Chicago White Stockings by  games.
During the off-season, on November 11, , The Executive Council of the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players‚ formed in 1885 as the first organized players' union, met and re-elected John Montgomery Ward as president, and elected Brouthers as vice president.
Brouthers batted .338, and led the league in runs scored with 153, doubles with 36, and on-base percentage, while again finishing in the top 10 in most offensive categories.
The Wolverines sealed a series championship with their eighth victory in 11 games; however, the two teams finished the series anyway, with Detroit winning 10 games to the Browns' five.
Following the season, on November 17, , members of the NL officially recognized the Brotherhood and met with a Brotherhood committee that consisted of three players – Ward‚ Hanlon and Brouthers.
The Detroit team did not fare as well, finishing in fifth place with a record of 68–63, which was a full 16 games behind the first-place New York Giants.
Even with the lower numbers, he still led the league in runs scored with 118, and doubles for the third year in a row.
The team's decline is attributed to prolonged injuries sustained by key players, while turmoil that unfolded concerning veteran stars' salary demands, and with falling attendance numbers, the club was forced to fold at the season's end.
In , his only season with the Beaneaters, he batted a league-leading .373, along with 105 runs scored and 118 runs batted in; he struck out only six times.
After the season, he – along with many Major League players – jumped to the Players' League, a league established by the Brotherhood which competed against the two other Major Leagues already in existence.
The Reds, behind the talents of Brouthers, Harry Stovey, Hardy Richardson, Charles Radbourn and player-manager King Kelly, finished in first place, games ahead of the Brooklyn Ward's Wonders.
The Players' League lasted just the one season, and the Reds merged into the American Association, carrying many of the championship team's previous players.
Brouthers led the league in batting average (.350), on-base percentage and slugging, while finishing second in triples with 19, sixth in doubles with 26, and third in RBIs with 109.
After the American Association folded following the season, Brouthers was sent to the Brooklyn Grooms of the NL, where he played two seasons.
Most of his success came in that first season, when he led the league in batting average, hits, RBIs and total bases.
This trade brought in two future Hall of Fame players, which added to the already established Orioles core of players including third baseman John McGraw, catcher Wilbert Robinson, shortstop Hughie Jennings, and center fielder Joe Kelley, all future Hall of Fame members.
The Orioles won the league's championship that season, and it was Brouthers' last full season in the majors, as he again produced great numbers, batting .347, finishing seventh in total bases, fifth in RBIs (128), fourth in doubles (39), and fifth in triples (23).
During his career, and most notably during his time in Baltimore, he was known to always have his dog, an Irish setter named Kelly, and had him sit in the players' area.
It is claimed that the players never minded much, as he was very well-behaved and never left the area to run out on the field or made much noise.
Early in the season, Baltimore sold Brouthers to the Louisville Colonels for $500, as his skills seemed to have diminished, and he only played in 24 of Louisville's games that season; he came back to hit .309 for them, ending the year with a .300 overall mark.
Following the season, Louisville sold him to the Philadelphia Phillies for $500, where he played in 57 games in , batting .344.
It was his last season in the majors until he appeared for the New York Giants, where he was hitless in a two-game stint before retiring.
He is tied with Mike Tiernan for fourth among 19th-century home run hitters with a total of 106, behind Roger Connor (138), Sam Thompson (127), and Stovey (122).
Brouthers played minor league baseball for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the Eastern League, where he won a batting title with a .415 average.
Later he played for the Poughkeepsie, New York, team of the Hudson River League, batting a league-leading .373 at age 46.
He remained near baseball for many years, working for his former teammate and New York Giants manager John McGraw, who placed him in charge of the Polo Grounds press gate.
On New Year's Eve in 1884, Brouthers married Mary Ellen Croak, an Irish immigrant to New York and fellow Catholic, at St. Mary's in Wappingers Falls.
Brouthers died at the age of 74 in East Orange, New Jersey, and is interred at St. Mary's Church Cemetery in Wappingers Falls, New York.
In , Brouthers and several other stars of the era prior to 1910 were elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee.
In honor of his achievements in Buffalo, he was inducted into the newly formed Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.
In 1999, a survey of the Society for American Baseball Research ranked him as the sixth-greatest player of the 19th century.
A virginal is a smaller and simpler rectangular or polygonal form of harpsichord with only one string per note running more or less parallel to the keyboard on the long side of the case.
The mechanism of the virginals is identical to the harpsichord's, in that its wire strings are plucked by plectra mounted in jacks.
The strings are plucked either at one end, as with the harpsichord, or, in the case of the muselar, nearer the middle, producing a richer, flute-like tone.
A further view is that the name derives from the Virgin Mary as it was used by nuns to accompany hymns in honour of the Virgin.
In England, during the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras, any stringed keyboard instrument was often described as a virginals, and could equally apply to a harpsichord or possibly even a clavichord or spinet.
Thus, the masterworks of William Byrd and his contemporaries were often played on full-size, Italian or Flemish harpsichords, and not only on the virginals as we call it today.
Like the harpsichord, the virginals has its origins in the medieval psaltery to which a keyboard was applied, probably in the 15th century.
It has 32 courses of strings set in motion by striking the fingers on projecting keys, giving a dulcet tone in both whole and half steps.
Small early virginals were played either in the lap, or more commonly, rested on a table, but nearly all later examples were provided with their own stands.
The heyday of the virginals was the latter half of the 16th century to the later 17th century until the high baroque period when it was eclipsed in England by the bentside spinet and in Germany by the clavichord.
The keyboard is placed left of centre, and the strings are plucked at one end, although farther from the bridge than in the harpsichord.
The principal differences in construction lie mainly in the placement of the keyboard: Italian instruments invariably had a keyboard that projected from the case, whilst northern virginals had their keyboards recessed in a keywell.
The cases of Italian instruments were made of cypress wood and were of delicate manufacture, whilst northern virginals were usually more stoutly constructed of poplar.
Early Italian virginals were usually hexagonal in shape, the case following the lines of the strings and bridges, and a few early Flemish examples are similarly made.
From about 1580 however, nearly all virginals were rectangular, the Italian models often having an outer case like harpsichords from that country.
Here, the keyboard is placed right of centre and the strings are plucked about one-third the way along their sounding length.
However, this comes at a price: the jacks and keys for the left hand are inevitably placed in the middle of the instrument's soundboard, with the result that any mechanical noise from these is amplified.
In addition to mechanical noise, from the string vibrating against the descending plectrum, the central plucking point in the bass makes repetition difficult, because the motion of the still-sounding string interferes with the ability of the plectrum to connect again.
Muselars were popular in the 16th and 17th centuries and their ubiquity has been compared to that of the upright piano in the early 20th century, but like other types of virginals they fell out of use in the 18th century.
In the Flemish tradition these were often – perhaps always – sold together with a large virginals, to which the ottavino could be coupled (see Double Virginals below).
In the Italian tradition, an ottavino was usually a separate instrument of its own, being fitted in its own outer case, just like larger Italian instruments.
This consisted of two instruments in one: a normal virginals (either spinet or muselar) with one (say) 6′ register, and an ottavino with one 3′ register.
The smaller ottavino was stored (rather like a drawer) under the soundboard next to the keyboard of the larger instrument, and could be withdrawn and played as a separate keyboard instrument.
However, the two instruments could also be coupled together, the ottavino being placed over the strings of the larger virginals (once the jackrail was removed), so that the jacks of the latter passed through a slot in the bottom of the ottavino.
The jacks of the larger instrument now activated the keys of the ottavino, so that both instruments sounded simultaneously, giving a more brilliant effect.
These predate the earliest extant Mother and Child virginal by 30 years (the 1581 Hans Ruckers), and the earliest known double manual harpsichords by about 60 years.
The keyboard compass of most virginals was C/E to C (45 notes, 4 octaves), which allowed the performance of the music contemporarily available for the instruments.
The lower octave was tuned to a short octave, so that the bottom E sounded C, the bottom F sounded D, and the bottom G sounded E, thus making use of nominal keys that were rarely used in the contemporary repertory.
The pitch differences between the models offered by the Ruckers workshops were by no means arbitrary, but corresponded to the musical intervals of a tone, a fourth, a fifth, an octave, and a ninth.
Most modern instruments are full-sized ones at 8′ pitch or ottavini at 4′ pitch, although there are no surviving Ruckers instruments of this pitch, and most probably none were ever made by his workshop.
Whilst many early virginals throughout Europe were left in plain wood, they were soon provided with rich decoration, which may have contributed to the survival of many such instruments.
From mouldings on case edges, jackrails and namebattens to adornment with ivory, mother-of-pearl, marble, agate, tortoiseshell or semi-precious stones, not to mention intricate painting, no expense was spared by those who could afford it.
Most Flemish virginals had their soundboards painted with flowers, fruit, birds, caterpillars, moths and even cooked prawns, all within blue scalloped borders and intricate blue arabesques.
Occasionally the inside of the lid bore a decorative scene; more often it was covered with block-printed papers embellished with a Latin motto, usually connected with morality or music.
Where there was an outer case, it was often this that was decorated, leaving the actual instrument plain (typically for Venetian virginals).
Keytops could be of plain boxwood, or lavishly decorated (as was often the case in northern Italy) with ivory, ebony, mother-of-pearl or tortoiseshell among other materials.
Traditionally, the soundboards of both northern and Italian virginals were pierced with a rose, sometimes two or three in early days.
Although these were a throwback to the rose in the medieval lute, they were never carved integrally as part of the soundboard.
In Italian instruments they were usually constructed by combining multiple layers of pierced parchment, so that the final result looked like a gothic rose window, or an inverted wedding cake.
Indeed, nearly all the keyboard music of the renaissance sounds equally well on harpsichord, virginals, clavichord or organ, and it is doubtful if any composer had a particular instrument in mind when writing keyboard scores.
The extent of freedom indispensable to create art freely differs regarding the existence or nonexistence of national instruments established to protect, to promote, to control or to censor artists and their creative expressions.
This is why universal, regional and national legal provisions have been installed to guarantee the right to freedom of expression in general and of artistic expression in particular.
2016 saw a worrying amount of actions by non-state actors, ranging from militant extremists to peaceful community groups, against art and artists.
The growing importance of artistic freedom as a specific right is reflected by the introduction of the role of the UN Special Rapporteur in the field of culture in 2009, and other rapporteurs, notably the Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression.
In September 2015, 57 UN Member States reaffirmed the right to freedom of expression including creative and artistic expression through a joint statement.
The following legal instruments do not specifically mention artistic freedom but rather understand it as a pillar of freedom of expression in general related to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
They aim to guarantee the right to freedom of expression or the right to participate in cultural life without specific reference to the arts.
In this context, governance of culture refers to policies and measures governments establish to promote and to protect all forms of creativity and artistic expressions.
The most recent UNESCO Convention in the field of culture and ratified by 146 Parties, it frames the formulation and implementation of different types of legislative, regulatory, institutional and financial interventions to promote the emergence of diverse cultural and creative industry sectors around the world.
As a result, it aims to ensure participation in cultural life and to support access to diverse cultural expressions (film, music, performing arts, etc.).
In July 2016, France amended its legislation in order to extend it with the legal protection of artistic freedom, architecture and heritage.
Its major objective is to acknowledge artists as individuals and their moral role in society, their contributions towards the intellectual sphere protected by copyright.
According to the Court, freedom of artistic creativity is an element of the respect for freedom of self-expression, one of the core values of the First Amendment.
They represent the liberating gift of the human imagination and give voice to thoughts, ideas, debate and critique, disseminated to a wide audience.
According to Freemuse's 2016 report, the music industry is the main target of serious violations, and second to film in overall violations, including non-violent censorship.
The most serious violations included the murder of Pakistani Qawwali singer Amjad Sabri and the killing of Burundi musician Pascal Treasury Nshimirimana.
Social media and music streaming channels, like Instagram and SoundCloud are becoming the platforms on which artists publicly display and promote their work.
This provides disproportionate power to individuals and organizations who use the platform's reporting processes to get individual artworks removed, and sometimes entire accounts blocked.
In addition, the impact of algorithms on diversity of content is another area of concern: platforms display a plethora of cultural offerings, but also control not only sales but also communication and the recommendation algorithms (e.g.
In conclusion, new digital technologies - while providing a platform for the distribution of artistic content - may interrupt the flow of ideas of artists and curtail their artistic freedom.
Karima Bennoune notes that the increasing number of reported attacks perpetrated by State and non-State actors against cultural professionals reflects the boosting capacity of monitoring artistic freedom.
Alongside other organizations documenting violations against freedom of artistic expression (such as Arterial Network, Artists at Risk Connection, PEN International and the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions), Freemuse is an independent international organization particularly monitoring the freedom of expression of musicians and composers worldwide.
In order to monitor the actions taken to implement the 1980 Recommendation concerning the Status of the Artists, the Secretariat of the 2005 UNESCO Convention (see below) runs a global survey every four years gathering information from Members States, NGOs and INGOs and prepares a report, which is then submitted to the General Conference.
That year, 6 acts earn their first number one song, such as Peabo Bryson, Regina Belle, Snow, Silk, SWV, and Meat Loaf.
Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey were the only acts to hit number one more than once, with each of them hitting twice.
The product sold as black lentil is usually the whole urad bean, whereas the split bean (the interior being white) is called white lentil.
Black gram originated in India, where it has been in cultivation from ancient times and is one of the most highly prized pulses of India and Pakistan.
Black gram has also been introduced to other tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius, and Africa, mainly by Indian immigrants.
Black gram is one of the key ingredients in making idli and dosa batter, in which one part of black gram is mixed with three or four parts of idli rice to make the batter.
Black gram is very nutritious as it contains high levels of protein (25g/100g), potassium (983 mg/100g), calcium (138 mg/100g), iron (7.57 mg/100g), niacin (1.447 mg/100g), Thiamine (0.273 mg/100g), and riboflavin (0.254 mg/100g).
Black gram complements the essential amino acids provided in most cereals and plays an important role in the diets of the people of Nepal and India.
The months of July, August, and part of September were spent at Long Beach Naval Shipyard for the post-shakedown availability assigned each new ship approximately 1 year after commissioning.
She fired 2,100 rounds destroying at least 20 enemy structures and two trench networks; damaging 61 buildings, three bunkers, eight trench networks, and five roads; and killing 24 Viet Cong while wounding seven.
One platform was boarded by U.S. special forces, who recovered teletype messages and other documents, then planted explosives to destroy the platform.
The city of Manaus, Brazil had rapidly expanded since it was declared a tax-free zone by the Brazilian government in 1967.
Eletronorte, the local power utility service, had been unable to keep up with the increasing demand and Manaus experienced frequent blackouts.
CSI had failed to test the ship's equipment fully before departing for Brazil and failed to appreciate how many repairs the ship's 38-year-old power plant might require.
The ship ended up needing weeks of work after its arrival in Brazil before it could begin generating power and numerous repairs after that.
Repairs were much more difficult to accomplish in Brazil because the parts and technicians now had to be brought in from CSI's headquarters back in the United States.
The destroyer reported for duty and was assigned to serve as the flagship of Destroyer Squadron 15, Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla 7, United States First Fleet.
She returned to San Diego on 6 June to continue her shakedown before proceeding to Puget Sound on 17 September, 1962.
On 5 August, she tested her Tartar missiles in the Okinawa Missile Range before putting into Okinawa (9–12 August), Beppu (22–26), and Iwakuni, Japan (26–26 August).
Buchanan returned to Sasebo (2–3 October) and Yokosuka (9–16 October) before putting into Subic Bay in the Philippines on 21 October.
On 1 November, 1963, members of the Republic of Vietnam military staged a coup against the regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem.
In response, the U.S. Navy deployed a flotilla off the mouth of the Mekong River for the potential evacuation of American citizens and service members.
The coup had ended with assassination of Diệm, his brother Ngȏ Ðình Nhu, and Col. Hồ Tần Quyền, the commander of the Vietnamese navy.
With reassurance from the new leadership under General Dương Văn Minh that order had been restored and alliances unchanged, the Navy reduced its presence off of South Vietnam.
As the situation worsened in Southeast Asia, President Lyndon B. Johnson began increasing the number of American troops in South Vietnam.
In between operations Buchanan visited Yokosuka (28 April–7 May, 18–26 June, and 23–26 July), Hong Kong (9–13 June and 16–19 July), Subic Bay (14 June), and Okinawa (28 June).
In mid-September, the destroyer entered Long Beach for overhaul (16 September–11 November) then spent the rest of the year conducting local operations.
For her time in the South China Sea, Buchanan was awarded Armed Services Expeditionary Forces Medal for supporting air strike operations over Vietnam.
She broke from her combat operations to serve as the flagship of the United States Seventh Fleet during a port visit to Bangkok, Thailand, on 25–29 July, 1966.
Wrapping up combat duty, she put into Hong Kong for a few days' rest (21–26 November) before working her way home via Okinawa (28–29 November), Yokosuka (1–4 December), and Pearl Harbor (15 December).
She put into San Diego on 21 December, 1966 where she remained until shifting to Long Beach Naval Shipyard for overhaul (15 March–5 August, 1967), returning to San Diego for sea trials, refresher training for her crew, and local operations.
The civilian craft claimed that the destroyer was at fault for the collision and that the Navy was culpable for the resulting damages.
Lookouts on the destroyer also indicated in subsequent interviews that there was no one in the fishing boat's wheel house at the time of the collision.
Lt. Victor J. Monteleon was qualified to command the ship while she operated independently but not certified to operate in formation with other ships.
Once Monteleon realized that a collision was imminent, he ordered the conn to right full rudder with all engines ahead at full speed.
He also did not sound a danger signal, an option provided to him in accordance to the rules of the road.
During her deployment, she participated in Operation Sea Dragon (25 October 1966 – 31 October 1968) to disrupt the flow of supplies going from North Vietnam to support communist operations in South Vietnam.
She also provided naval gunfire support (NGFS) to ground troops fighting in South Vietnam, most notably during the first phase of the Tet Offensive and the Battle of Huế (30 January – 3 March, 1968).
Buchanan retired to Subic Bay (9–17 June) for battle damage repairs after another tour providing NGFS to the I Corps Tactical Zone (30 May–7 June).
Her guns supported the men of the 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment and the 173rd Airborne Brigade in the area of Da Nang (16 June–16 July 1969).
She shifted south to the IV Corps region, off the Mekong River delta, to provide gunnery support to the South Vietnamese 9th and 21st Divisions (19 November–1 December, 1970).
They were given slight respites with several visits to Subic Bay, the longest being for upkeep (21 August–1 September, 1–10 October) before returning to combat duty.
She arrived at San Diego on 20 December 1970, giving her crew holiday leave and undergoing upkeep until 25 January 1971.
She operated with , fleet ballistic missile submarine , and submarine (25 January–9 February), making a brief visit to Naval Station Treasure Island, California (26–28 January).
On 30 March, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) launched the Easter Offensive (30 March–22 October, 1972), sending invading forces to attack multiple locations in South Vietnam.
On the ground, Captain John W. Ripley, USMC, an advisor with the 3rd Vietnam Marine Corps Battalion, coordinated NGFS along with 1st Lt. Joel Eisentein, USMC, commander of Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company 1–2.
The offshore task force provided one hour of sustained fire on two bridges being used by enemy troops to push back allied forces.
My first introduction to your ship was somewhat indirect, in fact at the time I had no way of identifying the ship with which I was working.
Our relationship was established of operational combat necessity, and in very short order was proven to be one of the most successful and rewarding relationships from the standpoint of combat effectiveness in the war--specifically during the continuing enemy Easter Offensive of 1972.
My purpose in writing is to relate to you some background relative to the invasion, the part my battalion played, and the part played by the USS BUCHANAN, during the first few days of the invasion.
Hopefully it will provide a clearer picture to you and your crew of the vital role of NGF as a supporting arm to ground combat forces, and in particular the superlative effectiveness of the BUCHANAN in this role.
On that day the northern and western DMZ fire bases began receiving heavy or indirect fire from enemy artillery along both fire base lines.
The fact that the enemy was able to take almost all of these fire bases under fire either simultaneously or in rapid succession should have been sufficiently significant to indicate that this was more than just a diversion.
We now know that they were employing in excess of a regiment of artillery from fixed, prepared positions - with two additional regiments in reserve.
All of their ordnance had been stockpiled and in such quantities that their rate of fire/target coverage in virtually every attack was staggering.
Within two days of these indirect attacks they initiated standard infantry assaults against these fire bases, always heavily supported by their artillery and other crew served weapons.
The western fire bases, all in heavy jungle and mountainous terrain did not experience any attacks by armor, however, these same terrain limitations removed any hope of resupply to, or evacuation from the fire bases.
On the other hand, the northern fire bases lay along the coastal plain from A-2 (Gio Linh) to A-4 (Con Tien) and the majority of this terrain lent itself to vehicular movement, either limited wheeled vehicular movement or general use of tracked vehicles.
Taking advantage of this terrain the enemy attacks along the northern base line, immediately below the DMZ, were characterized by an almost exclusive use of armor.
With the foregoing as background I will now turn to the events centering around the battalion I advised, the 3rd Vietnamese Infantry Battalion.
When the enemy attack reached us on Easter Sunday morning April 2nd, we were the last unit lying astride the enemy's route of advance, National Route #1 (QL-1).
There was still one more Marine battalion south of us at Quang Tri Combat Base (Ai Tu Base), which was the 6th battalion.
Their mission was the defense of the entire base including the remaining elements of the 3d ARVN Division and that portion of Route #1 which ran through the base.
It would have been virtually impossible for them to successfully defend the road at this point because of their necessarily excessively thin defense and the fact that there was no natural barrier at that point.
The headquarters of the 3d ARVN Division had moved to Quang Tri City so officially there was a Division Command Post behind us.
However, the regiments of this Division were either heavily engaged, had disappeared altogether, or as in the case of the 56th Regiment, were on the point of surrender.
There was so little of the Ist Division remaining other than what was necessary for the defense of those hills that it could not spare as much as one battalion for the defense of Hue.
It is seen then that the hopes of a nation rested on the shoulders of that battalion of Marines along with their support.
I trust this is not too strong a wording of a situation which had quite rapidly gone from grim to hopeless.
The enemy firepower and massive use of armor had blitzed the strong points they had thus far encountered and had taken them to the north bank of Mieu Giang/Cua Viet River at Dong Ha.
The preponderance of force is staggering when one considers that the Marine Battalion defending Dong Ha numbered just 700 men and at the time of the enemy's attack that morning only half of the battalion, two rifle companies, were actually in Dong Ha.
One company went into position along the highway bridge and the other just off of Route #9 near the partially destroyed railroad bridge which was already in enemy hands.
The enemy actually did get across at the railroad bridge site establishing a foothold there, but were contained by the Marines.
I requested a continuous NGF mission in the vicinity of the railroad bridge, 300 meters to the right and left of the bridge, and 200 meters deep (north) as interdiction to the enemy forces attempting to cross.
My request was sent directly to the senior advisor with the VN Marine Brigade then located at Quang Tri Combat Base.
This was to be my primary and most effective method of requesting and employing NGF during our defense of Dong Ha.
Occasionally a spotter aircraft with NGF capability was used, but never as effectively or with as rapid a response as the ANGLICO teams.
This same advisory team with the Brigade worked up a number of defensive fire boxes (targets) north of the river in the general vicinity of the highway and began firing indiscriminate unobserved fire.
None of us could see the impact of the rounds, but as most were landing in this area where the concentration of the enemy forces was the greatest the effect of this varied and continuous mission in disorganizing the enemy must have been superb.
Still the enemy had many tanks and these were generally unaffected by NGF except for a direct hit, although the infantry normally accompanying the tanks were seriously limited in providing any protection to them.
I was personally too busy to adjust the fire and had requested that it be fired in boxes approximately 2000 X 1000 meters with the linear axis generally east to west and that these fires be shifted from bridge to bridge, as well as north of the bridges, randomly.
I needed fire support and needed it badly; I had no direct communication link with you; I didn't even know if you were out there, or even if I was within range; and for your part, you couldn't have known very much about friendly locations.
It almost seems like a compilation of the worst possible factors regarding fire support, except one: you had the support and I needed it.
Nevertheless, one fact is obvious; it contributed greatly to the overall success of our defense and without it, I have serious doubts that this letter would have been possible.
We were watching from a vantage point when the four PT76 tanks were destroyed by your ship on the beach just south of Cua Viet.
We could hear tanks moving on the north bank then soon could see approximately 20 of them moving westerly along what appeared to be route TL-8B.
NGF was requested to interdict the road along its entirety to the maximum range limit which was approximately half way to Cam Lo.
The mission was worked up right away and very shortly thereafter we could both see and hear the effects of the mission.
One tank was actually hit and remained on the road burning, thus illuminating the other tanks as they passed close by.
Our own forces were firing on the tanks that night also, but NGF was first to engage and apparently scored the first kill.
Another area where NGF was used to a very good effect was in the rescue attempts of downed pilots and other aviation personnel.
I fired NGF close enough to his position to remove most of the immediate enemy threat and permit him to move somewhat.
This same type mission was fired on other indiscriminate targets nearby so as to avoid pointing out his location to the enemy.
When I went to work at the bridge, I had to leave my radio and operator back south of the bridge in a covered position.
I had previously requested that the NGF fires then in effect be continued and shifted on the north bank opposite me.
Your fire support and the classic defense of the bridge by the Vietnamese Marines permitted me to get on with my task and successfully complete it.
MY battalion was replaced at Dong Ha by an ARVN Army unit a week later and we returned to Quang Tri Combat Base.
Our operations continued in this area although we were generally out of range of NGF and therefore saw very little use of it.
It was here that I learned that during our week in Dong Ha, I had used over 10,000 rounds of NGF.
I was interviewed by the press a number of times and carefully pointed out on each occasion the role of NGF in the successful defense of Dong Ha.
Of course they were quite aware of the vital necessity of NGF, but at that time neither had talked with someone who had recently been on the receiving end of this outstanding support.
Because of the almost complete loss of artillery assets the only all weather indirect fire supporting arm available was Naval Gunfire.
e.g., destruct, interdiction, etc., as well as special purpose missions (protection of downed pilots), limited only by the initiative of the ship and the observer.
Naval Gunfire was responsive to fire requests in every case and was the only supporting arm which could respond with a volume of fire approaching that of the enemy's.
For other missions Naval Gunfire remained very effective, even when it could not be directly observed or controlled by the observer.
An intermediate agency apart from the observer (ANGLICO team or Advisory team) could control the fire with reasonable effectiveness once the fire mission had been established.
The use of air was severely limited as close air support for two reasons: first, the preponderance of enemy anti-aircraft fire was of such an extent that any ground support mission was considered unacceptably hazardous by the VNAF and secondly, the scale of the enemy attack throughout the country was so large that the availability of friendly air was limited, due to other priorities.
There have been many times in history, of course, when NGF was called on, to provide fire support to ground forces.
I feel that the performance of BUCHANAN at Dong Ha represents one of the finest examples of this support in recent history.
The professional and aggressive fire support delivered by your ship was made more noteworthy because of the urgency of our needs during this defense.
Please pass to all hands of BUCHANAN my deepest appreciation, and on behalf of my counterpart, the Battalion Commander, and the 200 Marines who left Dong Ha a week later, our sincere praise for the exemplary support given us.
Lt. Robert S Nemmers, Supply Corps, SA Vincent G. Guerrero, SD3 Primicitis V. Beltran, EM Frederick J. Shortreed Jr., GM3 Danny K. Hammond, and CS3 Frank S. Musiol were wounded.
Shropshire's wound to one of his feet was severe enough for him to be transferred to guided missile cruiser for further treatment.
On 29 August the destroyer put into Hong Kong (28 August–4 September) for some rest before beginning her long voyage home.
The battle worn destroyer returned to her home port on 25 September, 1972, where she conducted local operations until redeploying to Vietnam on 25 July, 1973.
Continuing her deployment in into 1974, Buchanan visited Singapore (7–11 January), Hong Kong (2–7 February), Kaohsiung (9–10 February), and Yokosuka (15–19 February).
The ship remained in the eastern Pacific for the rest of the year making only two port calls to Santa Barbara, California (28 June – 1 July), for the Santa Barbara Sports Festival, and San Francisco (26–29 September), ending the year with holiday leave (14–31 December, 1974).
During this period, her 127 mm guns and ASROC launchers were removed along with her aging Mark X Identification Friend or Foe, SAMID, and other communications equipment.
That same month, the destroyer got to show off her Tartar missiles system by shooting down two drones, one of which she recorded as a direct hit (26–28 June).
After the long break, she threw lines and headed back to sea to make a port call to Hong Kong (24–28 August 1977).
She also served as a screen ship for Constellation (6–26 September) and provided escort service in the East China Sea (30 September–2 October) and in the northern Sea of Japan (25–27 October).
Despite her busy schedule, Buchanan was afforded some breaks to visit Kaohsiung (27–28 May), Pattaya Beach, Thailand (14–18 July), Fukuoka, Japan (3–6 October 1977).
While in Fukuoka, the ship opened her decks to the public and members of the crew paid a goodwill visit to a local orphanage.
After one last port call at Yokosuka (2–5 November), Buchanan steamed for home, arriving on 21 November and staying in port for the rest of 1977.
On her final day at the Mexican port town (5 November), an estimated 500 bales of cotton caught fire on the waterfront.
The local U.S. Consul and Defense Attaché Office in Mexico City commended the crew for their service to the local community.
On 29 March, she was underway to serve as an observer for the test launch of three UGM-27 Polaris submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
She also made several port visits putting into Hong Kong (19–24 May), Chinae (5–6 June) and Busan, Korea (10–15 June), before mooring at Yokosuka for upkeep and maintenance ( 18 June–5 July, 1979).
On 19 September, 1981, the destroyer set a course for the western Pacific with supply ship , ammunition ship , frigate and destroyer .
When she was in port at Pusan (5–8 December), sailors from Buchanan and Holt delivered food and clothing to a local orphanage as part of Operation Handclasp.
She put into Singapore for a brief rest (20–24 January) before returning to sea for more exercises until 11 March when she steamed toward home.
She returned to Asia again on 2 April, 1983 where she operated in the China and Philippine seas (2 April–31 July).
Wrapping up her deployment, she made her way home to San Diego (9–17 September) where she immediately entered a period of upkeep and giving her crew leave to be with their families.
She put into Hong Kong (5–7 December) and spent the holidays at Subic Bay (18 December 1984 – 12 January, 1985).
Following the victory of the New Zealand Labour Party led by David Lange at elections in 1984, the Parliament of New Zealand enacted a law which barred nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships from using New Zealand ports, citing the dangers of nuclear weapons and continued nuclear testing in the South Pacific.
Given that the United States Navy refused to confirm or deny the presence of nuclear weapons aboard ships, these laws in effect refused access to New Zealand ports for all ships of the United States Navy.
In between these visits, she stopped at Bangor, Washington (26–28 July) for upkeep before steaming back to San Diego on 31 July 1986, where she remained for the rest of the year.
During this time she also prepared to be deployed the western Pacific once again but this time with a different destination.
As the Iran–Iraq War raged on, Iran had become a threat to Kuwaiti oil tankers in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
In response to threat, the U.S. executed Operation Earnest Will to provide protection to the tankers and ensure that commercial shipping lanes remained open.
The battle force put into Subic Bay (10–12 August) and Singapore (16–19 August) before arriving on station in the North Arabian Sea on 25 August.
On 14 November, the destroyer began work her way back to the eastern Pacific stopping at Phuket, Thailand (18–23 November), Penang, Malaysia (24–26 November), Hong Kong (2–6 December), and Subic Bay (9–11 December).
From 1 January until 1 October 1991, she served as a training ship for SEAL Team One and SEAL Team Five to practice boarding operations while she underwent preparations to be decommissioned.
Allocated to be sunk as a target, she remained afloat after being hit by three AGM-114 Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, three Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and a laser-guided bomb in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii on 13 June, 2000.
His parents worked in a carnival, but they chose to leave after a riot broke out and tents were set on fire.
I remember this one guy we knew, he was telling us where to go, and some guy just ran up to him and hit him in the face with a hammer – just busted his face wide open.
The song was nominated in the category of Best Metal Performance at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, though lost to Rage Against the Machine.
For the album, Zombie worked with numerous artists, including Charlie Clouser of Nine Inch Nails fame and former White Zombie bandmate John Tempesta.
The album was influenced by classic horror films, with numerous songs on the album containing samples and quotes from some of Zombie's favorite horror films.
The label released the final album from American instrumental band The Bomboras, as well as the debut album from the Ghastly Ones.
Zombie designed a haunted attraction for Universal Studios in 1999, which was later deemed instrumental in reviving the Halloween Horror Nights annual attraction.
The project began filming in May 2000 with a scheduled release date of the following year, though the studio ultimately cancelled its release due to the violent themes present throughout the film.
The album expands on the horror and shock rock elements seen in his debut album, and features collaborations with artists such as Ozzy Osbourne.
The album became his second to enter the top ten in the United States, with its first week sales topping that of his previous album.
The album is the final project to feature guitarist Mike Riggs and drummer John Tempesta, who had been with Zombie since the start of his solo career.
The release featured a collection of songs taken from Zombie's solo albums as well as his releases with White Zombie; new material is also present on the album.
The album became his first studio album as a solo artist to not receive a certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Zombie opted to focus on his career as a director in 2007, following the release of his third studio album a year prior.
The film received a worse critical reception than Zombie's original remake and failed to achieve the commercial success of the remake, but was a box office success nevertheless.
The film was released in limited showings at selected theaters on September 12, 2009, and to DVD on September 22, 2009.
Prior to the release of the album, it was confirmed that Zombie had parted ways with longtime label Geffen Records, penning a new deal with Roadrunner Records.
The album sold 49,000 copies in its first week of release, becoming his fourth top ten album in the United States.
Zombie promoted the release through his Hellbilly Deluxe 2 World Tour, which served as his first international tour since beginning his solo career.
The film, whose name is derived from the Rob Zombie song of the same name, is about a coven of witches in modern-day Salem, Massachusetts.
The tour concluded following a publicized feud between the artists while on tour, with the two groups often feuding while on stage.
Zombie parted ways with Roadrunner Records, instead releasing the album through his new record label Zodiac Swan through Universal Music Enterprises and T-Boy Records.
Zombie announced work on his sixth studio album as early as April 2014, having begun working on the project that January.
The limited edition item features ten of Zombie's classic songs, as well as voice contributions from Zombie, Sheri Moon, and Sid Haig.
Zombie's music has been noted for its use of horror and suspense elements, which is inspired by Zombie's love of horror films.
It was almost like you were doing something but you feel like nobody cares anymore so now you’re just chuggin’ along doing what you do and it's like the world had forgotten.
Metallica, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Slayer, Ministry, Pantera, Sepultura, Black Flag and Twisted Sister were also cited as influences by Zombie.
Zombie has directed the majority of his music videos as a solo artist, with numerous releases being influenced or referencing horror films.
It always ends in broken noses...because it upsets people to question their faith in things be it Jesus or George Bush.
An additional exception to discussing his religious background occurred in a separate interview when Zombie mentioned that at one point his mother contemplated becoming a nun.
Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses.
In the central nervous system, glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia, and in the peripheral nervous system glial cells include Schwann cells and satellite cells.
They have four main functions: (1) to surround neurons and hold them in place; (2) to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons; (3) to insulate one neuron from another; (4) to destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.
However glial cells have far more cellular diversity and functions than neurons, and glial cells can respond to and manipulate neurotransmission in many ways.
They are derived from the earliest wave of mononuclear cells that originate in yolk sac blood islands early in development, and colonize the brain shortly after the neural precursors begin to differentiate.
In a healthy brain, microglia direct the immune response to brain damage and play an important role in the inflammation that accompanies the damage.
Tanycytes in the median eminence of the hypothalamus are a type of ependymal cell that descend from radial glia and line the base of the third ventricle.
The glia to neuron-ratio in the cerebral cortex is 3.72 (60.84 billion glia (72%); 16.34 billion neurons), while that of the cerebellum is only 0.23 (16.04 billion glia; 69.03 billion neurons).
The total number of glia cells in the human brain is distributed into the different types with oligodendrocytes being the most frequent (45–75%), followed by astrocytes (19–40%) and microglia (about 10% or less).
In the adult, microglia are largely a self-renewing population and are distinct from macrophages and monocytes, which infiltrate an injured and diseased CNS.
The view is based on the general inability of the mature nervous system to replace neurons after an injury, such as a stroke or trauma, where very often there is a substantial proliferation of glia, or gliosis, near or at the site of damage.
During early embryogenesis, glial cells direct the migration of neurons and produce molecules that modify the growth of axons and dendrites.
Glial cells known as astrocytes enlarge and proliferate to form a scar and produce inhibitory molecules that inhibit regrowth of a damaged or severed axon.
These cells envelop nerve fibers of the PNS by winding repeatedly around a nerve fiber with the nucleus inside of it.
This process creates a myelin sheath, which not only aids in conductivity but also assists in the regeneration of damaged fibers.
Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS and resemble an octopus: they have bulbous cell bodies with up to fifteen arm-like processes.
They have several crucial functions, including clearance of neurotransmitters from within the synaptic cleft, which aids in distinguishing between separate action potentials and prevents toxic build-up of certain neurotransmitters such as glutamate, which would otherwise lead to excitotoxicity.
While glial cells in the PNS frequently assist in regeneration of lost neural functioning, loss of neurons in the CNS does not result in a similar reaction from neuroglia.
In addition to impacting the potential repair of neurons in Alzheimer's disease, scarring and inflammation from glial cells have been further implicated in the degeneration of neurons caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
In addition to neurodegenerative diseases, a wide range of harmful exposure, such as hypoxia, or physical trauma, can lead to the end result of physical damage to the CNS.
Then, there is a large amount of microglial activity, which results in inflammation, and finally, there is a heavy release of growth inhibiting molecules.
Glia were first described in 1856 by the pathologist Rudolf Virchow in a comment to his 1846 publication on connective tissue.
When markers for different types of cells were analyzed, Albert Einstein's brain was discovered to contain significantly more glia than normal brains in the left angular gyrus, an area thought to be responsible for mathematical processing and language.
These important scientific findings may begin to shift the neuron-specific perspective into a more holistic view of the brain which encompasses the glial cells as well.
Recent publications have proposed that the number of glial cells in the brain is correlated with the intelligence of a species.
She was named for Major General Randolph C. Berkeley, USMC (1875–1960), a Medal of Honor recipient for actions during the U.S. occupation of Veracruz (1914).
She was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden in New Jersey on 1 June 1960, launched on 29 July 1961 sponsored by Mrs. James B. Berkeley, Major General Berkeley’s daughter-in-law; and commissioned on 15 December 1962 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Commander Wyatt E. Harper in command.
In early May, the guided-missile destroyer demonstrated her capabilities to President John F. Kennedy, knocking down two jet drone targets with two TARTAR missiles.
At the end of the repair period, she became a unit of Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 12 and spent the rest of the year engaged in local operations in the Long Beach area.
After calling at Pearl Harbor, where the aircraft carrier joined company, the task group steamed to the East China Sea for a month of training.
After rejoining her task group in late April, the guided missile destroyer spent the next two months screening the carriers and and participating in a SEATO landing exercise in the Philippines.
This quickly changed, however, when the warships received orders diverting them to the South China Sea where they joined other Navy units off the South Vietnamese coast and in the Gulf of Tonkin.
As part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to limit North Vietnamese attacks on Laos and South Vietnam, the carrier launched Vought F-8 Crusader aircraft to reconnoiter suspected communist infiltration routes in eastern and southern Laos.
On 2 August, she provided anti-air protection to the task group during air strikes against North Vietnamese missile boats during the Tonkin Gulf incident.
After American warships reported more attacks on 4 August, the guided missile destroyer again screened the carrier during extensive retaliatory strikes on North Vietnamese gunboats and torpedo boats on 5 August.
The warship joined the aircraft carrier while there and sailed for home on 10 October, mooring at Long Beach, via Yokosuka, Japan, on 21 November.
This pattern of activity—combat service in Vietnamese waters followed by repairs and training to prepare for her next deployment—characterized her service for the next ten years.
This naval air campaign, begun the previous March, sought to cut the flow of munitions and supplies to the Viet Cong insurgents in the south by interdicting North Vietnam's logistics pipelines through Laos and across the demilitarized zone (DMZ).
Following minor repairs at Sasebo in early February, and a port visit to Hong Kong, the guided missile destroyer returned to the Gulf of Tonkin for a second SAR tour on 26 February.
Before they arrived, a United States Air Force HU-16 Albatross amphibian—which had landed to pick up the two Phantom crewmen—was taken under fire by North Vietnamese shore batteries.
After completing this mission on 8 April, she steamed to Subic Bay, where the crew began preparing the warship for visits to Australia and New Zealand.
Underway for home on 22 May, the guided missile destroyer stopped at Suva in the Fiji Islands and at Pearl Harbor before arriving at Long Beach on 6 June.
Following the removal of test equipment in mid-December, the guided missile destroyer spent the rest of the month getting ready for upcoming fleet exercises.
During this period, her engineers and technicians busied themselves maintaining and improving the warship's complex electronic and fire-control systems, a task abetted by a three-week tender availability in early February.
Underway for the western Pacific on 29 April, the guided-missile destroyer crossed the central Pacific; and, after a short liberty period at Yokosuka, Japan, the warship headed south to Subic Bay, arriving there on 24 May.
The task unit cruised off North Vietnam near Hon Me and Hon Matt Islands, searching for enemy waterborne logistics craft and firing on designated targets ashore.
Detached 10 days later, she sailed north to the Tonkin Gulf SAR station where she monitored daily strikes over North Vietnam.
The guided-missile destroyer carried out local operations through April 1968 before moving into Long Beach Naval Shipyard for a maintenance overhaul.
After fuel stops at Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Guam—as well as a diversion south to avoid a typhoon near the Philippines—the warship arrived at Subic Bay on 28 July.
Her best hunting took place on the night of 10 and 11 September, when she and the destroyer combined to sink or damage 58 enemy supply boats.
Departing the area on 1 December, she stopped at Guam and Pearl Harbor before mooring at Long Beach on 20 December.
Aside from a few periods of underway training, which included her annual missile-firing exercises in late February, the warship spent the first three months of 1969 preparing for an extensive overhaul.
The warship also tested her new Standard missile system in September before turning to preparations for another Far East deployment which took up the remainder of the year.
Departing Long Beach on 13 February, the guided-missile destroyer made fuel stops at Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Guam before arriving at Yokosuka on 4 March.
The remainder of the year was dedicated to type training and upkeep in preparation for another western Pacific deployment in early 1971.
During this tour, the guided missile destroyer's crew welcomed on board three Vietnamese midshipmen and provided them with six weeks of underway training.
Fitted out with specialized reconnaissance equipment, the warship steamed to the Sea of Japan on 10 June for service as Pacific Area Reconnaissance Program (PARPRO) picket ship.
Heading south on 18 July, the warship passed through the Strait of Malacca and moored at Penang, Malaysia, for a port visit on 23 July.
Assigned to a naval gunfire support mission, the warship cruised off Cua Viet for the next three weeks in support of friendly forces near the demilitarized zone (DMZ).
After a brief stop at Subic Bay, the guided-missile destroyer retraced her path across the Pacific and arrived in Long Beach on 16 September.
On 20 March 1972, the warship steamed to the Pacific Missile Range for three days of weapons systems exercises—including an ASW drill with the submarine —and, later that month, the warship conducted gunnery drills in the southern California operating area.
These evolutions proved timely when, on 7 April, the warship received word to get ready for an emergency deployment to Vietnam.
After a brief upkeep period at Subic Bay in mid-July, the guided missile destroyer moved to the gunline and fired daily missions against enemy targets near the DMZ.
Following a short yard period at Sasebo late in August, the warship conducted a final five-week gunfire support tour off North Vietnam.
After a long holiday and post-deployment standdown period, the guided-missile destroyer's crew began preparations for a complex overhaul scheduled for early January 1973.
The overhaul gave the guided missile destroyer the new tactical data system, a sonar upgrade, new communications and electronic warfare gear, and two new 5-inch gun mounts.
Departing Bremerton on 4 January 1974, the warship sailed south to her new home port of San Diego, arriving there on the 18th after a brief stay at Long Beach.
With the end of American participation in the Vietnam war following the previous year's cease-fire agreement, the Navy concentrated on improving overall operational readiness, a routine markedly different from earlier training which had focused on preparing warships for combat duty off Vietnam.
The guided-missile destroyer finally got underway to deploy on 19 June, steaming across the Pacific and arriving in Subic Bay on 10 July.
Departing Subic Bay on 27 October, she conducted a four-day port visit to Singapore, before getting underway for the Indian Ocean on 8 November.
The task group then sailed into the Persian Gulf for another week of exercises before returning to Singapore on 6 December.
After an upkeep period there, the guided-missile destroyer sailed for home, via Subic Bay, and arrived in San Diego on 28 January 1975.
Finally repaired in early March, she got underway on 12 March and, after a fuel stop at Guam, moored at Subic Bay on 1 April.
Following stops at Guam—where she received 10 days of tender availability—and at Pearl Harbor, the warship returned to San Diego on 6 September.
Entering the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 6 June, the warship received new turbo-generators, a satellite communications system, and upgrades to her tactical data system.
Underway for sea trials the following day, the warship finally sailed home to San Diego on 13 June, arriving there on the 23d, after stops at Seal Beach and Long Beach.
After passing a combat systems readiness test in May, the warship then prepared for her first overseas deployment in almost two years.
On 22 October, following the assassination of South Korean President Park Chung Hee, the task group took up a position south of the peninsula.
On 21 November, the warships received orders to proceed west in response to the takeover of the American embassy in Tehran, Iran.
Arriving in the Indian Ocean on 5 December, the task group sailed to the Arabian Sea and took up a position south of the Iranian coast.
Later that spring, the warship conducted several gunfire and missile-firing exercises before beginning a restricted availability at Long Beach on 5 May.
The guided missile destroyer then spent the rest of the year conducting engineering tests and working out her new combat systems in air and surface gunnery and missile shoots.
While en route to Subic Bay in early April, she conducted both antisubmarine and antiair warfare exercises, an underway routine that became the pattern for this deployment.
Departing on 13 May, the group sailed into the Indian Ocean for six weeks of antiair and surface warfare exercises before putting into Geraldton, Australia, for a week-long port visit in mid-July.
Arriving in San Diego on 21 September, the warship spent the next six months engaged in local operations and preparing for a regular overhaul.
This routine was only broken by a call at San Francisco in late January 1982 and four-day visit to Mazatlan, Mexico, starting on 20 February.
Underway for sea trials on 18 March, the guided-missile destroyer carried out a series of evaluations, local operations, and refresher training over the summer and fall in preparation for her next deployment.
With the establishment of the United States Central Command (CentCom) the previous year—partly in response to the outbreak of the Iran–Iraq War in 1980—Navy warships began patrolling the Arabian Sea in support of CentCom's mission to protect American security interests in the Middle East.
After another tender availability at Diego Garcia during the second week of June, the warship sailed for home on 15 June.
En route, she stopped at Fremantle, Australia; Subic Bay, Philippines; and Pearl Harbor in Hawaii before arriving in San Diego on 1 August.
The warship then operated locally that spring until entering the Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 3 May 1985 for repairs to her sonar dome.
In a change of pace from her usual route, the guided missile destroyer followed a great circle route through the northern Pacific and the Bering Sea before arriving at Pusan, South Korea, on 1 September.
Arriving there on 3 January 1987, the warship conducted an ASW exercise in the Sea of Japan in early January before heading for home on 12 January.
This included various weapons and supply inspections, equipment alterations in the shipyard—including more repairs to her sonar dome that summer—and training ashore for crew members.
In company with the battleship and TG 70.1, the warship took the great circle route to South Korea, arriving at Pusan on 24 July.
The group participated in surface warfare exercises with the South Korean Navy before heading south to Subic Bay on 5 August.
As part of Australia's bicentennial celebration, the guided missile destroyer spent the next five weeks visiting ports on Australia's northern and eastern coasts.
Starting with a visit to Cairns from 4 to 8 September, she moved on to stops at Townsville, Mackay, and Gladstone before putting into Sydney on 26 August for a week-long naval celebration with over 60 warships from 16 countries.
Following a tender availability, the guided-missile destroyer spent the first nine months of 1989 conducting local training operations, standing combat systems' inspections, and undergoing a phased maintenance availability at the Continental Marine Shipyard between 17 April and 5 July.
During most of October, she carried out antiair, surface, and subsurface warfare exercises off the coasts of Korea and Japan, including four SEAL team insertions, before putting into Hong Kong on 31 October.
On 30 November, in response to a coup attempt against the Aquino government in Manila, the warship put to sea with the Enterprise battle group for contingency operations.
Next, the group operated in the northern Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf—keeping an eye on the still-tense ceasefire between Iran and Iraq—until putting into Muscat, Oman, for a port visit on 20 January.
She participated in exercises with the Royal Thai Navy on 3 February and, after a five-day visit to Phuket, Thailand, steamed into Subic Bay on the 18 February.
During these missions, which were intended to help interdict drug smuggling, the warship used surface-search radars and other equipment to spot small craft, which were then boarded by Coast Guard detachments.
Returning to San Diego on 8 April for maintenance, the guided-missile destroyer then set out on a two-week Coast Guard law enforcement patrol on the 26th.
The warship returned to San Diego three days later and, over the next six weeks, conducted two midshipmen training cruises and another law enforcement patrol.
Returning to San Diego on 25 October, the warship carried out a succession of engineering drills in the southern California operating area through November.
In light of the defense budget cutbacks following the end of the Cold War, the Navy made its 1990 decision to retire 54 ships.
It is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List as it has a wide range and a large stable population size, and is thought to be increasing in some regions.
The European badger is a powerfully built black, white, brown and grey animal with a small head, a stocky body, small black eyes and short tail.
Its weight varies, being 7–13 kg (15–29 lb) in spring but building up to 15–17 kg (33–37 lb) in autumn before the winter sleep period.
It is nocturnal and is a social, burrowing animal that sleeps during the day in one of several setts in its territorial range.
Badgers are very fussy over the cleanliness of their burrow, carrying in fresh bedding and removing soiled material, and they defecate in latrines strategically situated outside their setts.
Although classified as a carnivore, the European badger feeds on a wide variety of plant and animal foods, feeding on earthworms, large insects, small mammals, carrion, cereals and tubers.
The European badger has been known to share its burrow with other species such as rabbits, red foxes and raccoon dogs, but it can be ferocious when provoked, a trait which has been exploited in the now illegal blood sport of badger-baiting.
The modern species originated during the early Middle Pleistocene, with fossil sites occurring in Episcopia, Grombasek, Süssenborn, Hundsheim, Erpfingen, Koneprusy, Mosbach 2, and Stránská Skála.
A comparison between fossil and living specimens shows a marked progressive adaptation to omnivory, namely in the increase in the molars' surface areas and the modification of the carnassials.
Boars typically have broader heads, thicker necks and narrower tails than sows, which are sleeker, have narrower, less domed heads and fluffier tails.
European badgers cannot flex their backs as martens, polecats and wolverines can, nor can they stand fully erect like honey badgers, though they can move quickly at full gallop.
The average weight of adults in Białowieża Forest, Poland were in spring but weighed up to in autumn, 46% higher than their spring low mass.
In Doñana National Park, average weight of adult badgers is reported as , perhaps in accordance with Bergmann's rule, that its size decreases in relatively warmer climates closer to the equator.
The heaviest verified was , though unverified specimens have been reported to and even (if so, the heaviest weight for any terrestrial mustelid).
Although their sense of smell is acute, their eyesight is monochromatic as has been shown by their lack of reaction to red lanterns.
Adults have prominent sagittal crests which can reach 15 mm tall in old males, and are more strongly developed than those of honey badgers.
Their jaws are powerful enough to crush most bones; a provoked badger was once reported as biting down on a man's wrist so severely that his hand had to be amputated.
In winter, the fur on the back and flanks is long and coarse, consisting of bristly guard hairs with a sparse, soft undercoat.
Two black bands pass along the head, starting from the upper lip and passing upwards to the whole base of the ears.
White markings occur on the lower part of the head, and extend backwards to a great part of the neck's length.
The summer fur is much coarser, shorter and sparser, and is deeper in colour, with the black tones becoming brownish, sometimes with yellowish tinges.
Erythristic badgers are more common than the former, being characterized by having a sandy-red colour on the usually black parts of the body.
European badgers are the most social of badgers, forming groups of six adults on average, though larger associations of up to 23 individuals have been recorded.
Under optimal conditions, badger territories can be as small as 30 ha, but may be as large as 150 ha in marginal areas.
A hierarchical social system is thought to exist among badgers and large powerful boars seem to assert dominance over smaller males.
Boars tend to mark their territories more actively than sows, with their territorial activity increasing during the mating season in early spring.
When fighting, they bite each other on the neck and rump, while running and chasing each other and injuries incurred in such fights can be severe and sometimes fatal.
Estrus in European badgers lasts four to six days and may occur throughout the year, though there is a peak in spring.
Sexual maturity in boars is usually attained at the age of twelve to fifteen months but this can range from nine months to two years.
They can mate at any time of the year, though the main peak occurs in February–May, when mature sows are in postpartal estrus and young animals experience their first estrus.
Matings occurring outside this period typically occur in sows which either failed to mate earlier in the year or matured slowly.
Badgers are usually monogamous; boars typically mate with one female for life, whereas sows have been known to mate with more than one male.
Mating lasts for fifteen to sixty minutes, though the pair may briefly copulate for a minute or two when the sow is not in estrus.
A delay of two to nine months precedes the fertilized eggs implanting into the wall of the uterus, though matings in December can result in immediate implantation.
They emerge from their setts at eight weeks of age, and begin to be weaned at twelve weeks, though they may still suckle until they are four to five months old.
In areas with medium to high badger populations, dispersal from the natal group is uncommon, though badgers may temporarily visit other colonies.
The chambers are frequently lined with bedding, brought in on dry nights, which consists of grass, bracken, straw, leaves and moss.
Spring cleaning is connected with the birth of cubs, and may occur several times during the summer to prevent parasite levels building up.
Badgers defecate in latrines, which are located near the sett and at strategic locations on territorial boundaries or near places with abundant food supplies.
In Russia, badgers retire for their winter sleep from late October to mid-November and emerge from their setts in March and early April.
In areas such as England and Transcaucasia, where winters are less harsh, badgers either forgo winter sleep entirely or spend long periods underground, emerging in mild spells.
In Europe its range includes Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine.
The distributional boundary between the ranges of European and Asian badgers is the Volga River, the European species being situated on the western bank.
European badgers are among the least carnivorous members of the Carnivora; they are highly adaptable and opportunistic omnivores, whose diet encompasses a wide range of animals and plants.
Earthworms are their most important food source, followed by large insects, carrion, cereals, fruit and small mammals including rabbits, mice, shrews, moles and hedgehogs.
Occasionally, they feed on medium to large birds, amphibians, small reptiles, including tortoises, snails, slugs, fungi, and green food such as clover and grass, particularly in winter and during droughts.
Generally, they do not eat more than of food per day, with young specimens yet to attain one year of age eating more than adults.
Some rogue badgers may kill lambs , though this is very rare; they may be erroneously implicated in lamb killings through the presence of discarded wool and bones near their setts, though foxes, which occasionally live alongside badgers, are often the culprits, as badgers do not transport food to their earths.
In the rare instances in which badgers do kill reared birds, the killings usually occur in February–March, when food is scarce due to harsh weather and increases in badger populations.
Badgers can easily breach bee hives with their jaws, and are mostly indifferent to bee stings, even when set upon by swarms.
The two species possibly tolerate each other out of commensalism; foxes provide badgers with food scraps, while badgers maintain the shared burrow's cleanliness.
There are many known cases of badgers and raccoon dogs wintering in the same hole, possibly because badgers enter hibernation two weeks earlier than the latter, and leave two weeks later.
However, in some areas of intensive agriculture it has reduced in numbers due to loss of habitat and in others it is hunted as a pest.
It was detected in the United Kingdom in 1971 where it was linked to an outbreak of bovine TB in cows.
The evidence appears to indicate that the badger is the primary reservoir of infection for cattle in the south west of England, Wales and Ireland.
Since then there has been considerable controversy as to whether culling badgers will effectively reduce or eliminate bovine TB in cattle.
Badgers are vulnerable to the mustelid herpesvirus-1, as well as rabies and canine distemper, though the latter two are absent in Great Britain.
They spend much time grooming, individuals concentrating on their own ventral areas, alternating one side with the other, while social grooming occurs with one individual grooming another on its dorsal surface.
In Irish mythology, badgers are portrayed as shape-shifters and kinsmen to Tadg, the king of Tara and foster father of Cormac mac Airt.
In German folklore, the badger is portrayed as a cautious, peace-loving Philistine, who loves more than anything his home, family and comfort, though he can become aggressive if surprised.
He is a cousin of Reynard the Fox, whom he uselessly tries to convince to return to the path of righteousness.
As a friend of Toad's now-deceased father, he is often firm and serious with Toad, but at the same time generally patient and well-meaning towards him.
He is shown kidnapping the children of Benjamin Bunny and his wife Flopsy, and hiding them in an oven at the home of Mr. Tod the fox, whom he fights at the end of the book.
The portrayal of the badger as a filthy animal which appropriates fox dens was criticized from a naturalistic viewpoint, though the inconsistencies are few and employed to create individual characters rather than evoke an archetypical fox and badger.
An unnamed badger is part of Bosnian writer Petar Kočić's satirical play Badger on Tribunal in which local farmer David Štrbac attempts to sue a badger for eating his crops.
Methods used for hunting badgers include catching them in jaw traps, ambushing them at their setts with guns, smoking them out of their earths and through the use of specially bred dogs such as Fox Terriers and Dachshunds to dig them out.
Badgers are, however, notoriously durable animals; their skins are thick, loose and covered in long hair which acts as protection, and their heavily ossified skulls allow them to shrug off most blunt traumas, as well as shotgun pellets.
In the UK, this was outlawed by the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1835 and again by the Protection of Animals Act of 1911.
Moreover, the cruelty towards and death of the badger constitute offences under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992, and further offences under this act are inevitably committed to facilitate badger-baiting (such as interfering with a sett, or the taking or the very possession of a badger for purposes other than nursing an injured animal to health).
If convicted, badger-baiters may face a sentence of up to six months in jail, a fine of up to £5,000, and other punitive measures, such as community service or a ban from owning dogs.
Until the 1980s, badger culling in the United Kingdom was undertaken in the form of gassing, to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB).
Limited culling resumed in 1998 as part of a 10-year randomized trial cull which was considered by John Krebs and others to show that culling was ineffective.
Some groups called for a selective cull, while others favoured a programme of vaccination, and vets support the cull on compassionate grounds as they say that the illness causes much suffering in badgers.
In 2012, the government authorized a limited cull led by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), however, this was later deferred with a wide range of reasons given.
In August 2013, a full culling programme began where about 5,000 badgers were killed over six weeks in West Somerset and Gloucestershire by marksmen with high-velocity rifles using a mixture of controlled shooting and free shooting (some badgers were be trapped in cages first).
They are easily fed, as they are not fussy eaters, and will instinctively unearth rats, moles and young rabbits without training, though they do have a weakness for pork.
Although there is one record of a tame badger befriending a fox, they generally do not tolerate the presence of cats and dogs, and will chase them.
They form a bag or pocket made from a pelt and a badger or other animal's mask may be used as a flap.
The vessel was launched on 9 December 1961 by Mrs. Lawrence Haines Coburn, granddaughter of Admiral Joseph Strauss and commissioned on 20 April 1963.
She arrived at Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 13 July 1963 for alterations, followed by tactics out of San Diego north to Seattle, Washington.
She was briefly flagship of the 7th Fleet from 22–26 March during the official visit of Vice Admiral Paul B. Blackburn, Jr., to Bangkok, Thailand.
Her ensuing 27 days as flagship of the SAR/AAW picket unit were highly successful, establishing operational procedures and capabilities which remain destroyer standards.
The following day she took a disabled Nationalist Chinese fishing boat in tow and delivered it safely to Keelung on 23 July, thence sailed to Yokosuka, arriving 25 July for upkeep.
On 28 October 1965, she fired her first shots in anger, expending 217 5-inch shells in support of a combined ARVN-Marine Corps search-and-destroy operation against the Viet Cong.
The battle, the largest for American surface forces since World War II, sank two Iranian warships and it also marked the first surface-to-surface missile engagement in U.S. Navy history.
In human anatomy, they arise from the common carotid arteries where these bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries at cervical vertebral level 3 or 4; the internal carotid artery supplies the brain including eyes, while the external carotid nourishes other portions of the head, such as face, scalp, skull, and meninges.
However, in clinical settings, the classification system of the internal carotid artery usually follows the 1996 recommendations by Bouthillier, describing seven anatomical segments of the internal carotid artery, each with a corresponding alphanumeric identifier—C1 cervical, C2 petrous, C3 lacerum, C4 cavernous, C5 clinoid, C6 ophthalmic, and C7 communicating.
An alternative embryologic classification system proposed by and colleagues is invaluable when it comes to explanation of many internal carotid artery variants.
The internal carotid artery is a terminal branch of the common carotid artery; it arises around the level of the fourth cervical vertebra when the common carotid bifurcates into this artery and its more superficial counterpart, the external carotid artery.
The cervical segment, or C1, or cervical part of the internal carotid, extends from the carotid bifurcation until it enters the carotid canal in the skull anterior to the jugular foramen.
Higher up, it is separated from the external carotid by the styloglossus and stylopharyngeus muscles, the tip of the styloid process and the stylohyoid ligament, the glossopharyngeal nerve and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve.
It is in relation, behind, with the longus capitis, the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, and the superior laryngeal nerve; laterally, with the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve, the nerve lying on a plane posterior to the artery; medially, with the pharynx, superior laryngeal nerve, and ascending pharyngeal artery.
At the base of the skull the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves lie between the artery and the internal jugular vein.
The petrous segment, or C2, of the internal carotid is that which is inside the petrous part of the temporal bone.
When the internal carotid artery enters the canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, it first ascends a short distance and then curves anteriorly and medially.
The artery lies at first in front of the cochlea and tympanic cavity; from the latter cavity it is separated by a thin, bony lamella, which is cribriform in the young subject, and often partly absorbed in old age.
Farther forward it is separated from the trigeminal ganglion by a thin plate of bone, which forms the floor of the fossa for the ganglion and the roof of the horizontal portion of the canal.
Frequently this bony plate is more or less deficient, and then the ganglion is separated from the artery by fibrous membrane.
The artery is separated from the bony wall of the carotid canal by a prolongation of dura mater, and is surrounded by a number of small veins and by filaments of the carotid plexus, derived from the ascending branch of the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.
The lacerum segment, or C3, is a short segment that begins above the foramen lacerum and ends at the petrolingual ligament, a reflection of periosteum between the lingula and petrous apex (or petrosal process) of the sphenoid bone.
This at best has only ever been a partial truth in that it passes through the superior part of the foramen on its way to the cavernous sinus.
The cavernous segment, or C4, of the internal carotid artery begins at the petrolingual ligament and extends to the proximal dural ring, which is formed by the medial and inferior periosteum of the anterior clinoid process.
In this part of its course, the artery is situated between the layers of the dura mater forming the cavernous sinus, but covered by the lining membrane of the sinus.
It at first ascends toward the posterior clinoid process, then passes forward by the side of the body of the sphenoid bone, again curves upward on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, and perforates the dura mater forming the roof of the sinus.
This portion of the artery is surrounded by filaments of the sympathetic trunk and on its lateral side is the abducent nerve, or cranial nerve VI.
The ophthalmic segment, or C6, extends from the distal dural ring, which is continuous with the falx cerebri, to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.
The communicating segment, or terminal segment, or C7, of the internal carotid artery passes between the optic and oculomotor nerves to the anterior perforated substance at the medial extremity of the lateral cerebral fissure.
The internal carotid artery can receive blood flow via an important collateral pathway supplying the brain, the cerebral arterial circle, which is more commonly known as the Circle of Willis.
The internal carotid nerve arises from the superior cervical ganglion, and forms this plexus, which follows the internal carotid into the skull.
The Société de télédiffusion du Québec (; ), branded as Télé-Québec (), is a Canadian French language public educational television network in the province of Quebec.
The network's main studios and general offices are located in Montreal, at the corner of Saint Catherine and Fullum Streets in Downtown Montreal.
Télé-Québec is equivalent to Ontario's TVOntario and TFO, and British Columbia's Knowledge Network, and similar to the American PBS network and its affiliated state networks, in that it is somewhat modest in scope, runs mostly educational or cultural programming, and does not try to compete with privately owned television networks or with the Ici Radio-Canada Télé network owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
All programming on Télé-Québec is in French, although there are a few shows and movies that are presented in the original language (predominantly English), with French subtitles.
It also had a 25% stake in the French-Canadian arts specialty channel, ARTV, which it sold to the CBC in 2010.
On April 20, 1945, the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, under the mandate of Premier Maurice Duplessis, passed a law allowing Quebec to create and run a public broadcasting network, as a provincial counterpart to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Radio-Québec began broadcasting on its own in 1972 as a cable channel, which broadcast evenings on community channels in Montréal and Quebec City, then expanded in 1973 to Hull, Gatineau and Sherbrooke.
The network of over-the-air transmitters was launched on January 19, 1975 with the sign-ons of CIVM-TV in Montreal and CIVQ-TV in Quebec City, making its programming available to an even wider audience.
In its early days after the terrestrial network began, Radio-Québec would provide week-delay videotapes of its programming line-up to cable systems in communities not served by a Radio-Québec station.
Some Radio-Québec programs were also seen on most Radio-Canada stations, not only in Quebec, but throughout Canada as well; this arrangement continued into the 1980s.
In 1977, Radio-Québec opened its third station, CIVO-TV in Hull, serving the greater Ottawa area—the station was built after acquiring the licence and facilities of a failed TVA affiliate, CFVO-TV.
Also that year, the CRTC granted Radio-Québec permission to show commercials during some of its programming, initially for a two-year trial run.
As a result, over 150 staffers were laid off (out of over 750 people employed), with plans for further layoffs to trim the employee count to 300 staffers.
The monetary shortfall was short-lived, as, by 1997, Télé-Québec resumed productions on its own and increased its amount of original programming.
is a book show that covers books of all genres and for all audiences; in 2005–2006, 260 books were presented, 124 of which were by Quebec authors.
Télé-Québec also hosts debate and discussion-oriented shows that allow for an exchange of ideas and perspectives on social and political issues.
In 1985, Radio-Québec and TVOntario signed an exchange arrangement, in which English-language TVO programming would be seen on Radio-Québec, and Radio-Québec's French-language programming would be seen on TVO.
In 2018, Vincent Brousseau-Pouliot's English Language Arts Network (ELAN) filed an intervention to CRTC licence renewals for the service, seeking that Télé-Québec be required to devote 20% of its programming and budget to programs of interest to anglophone, indigenous, and other visible minority communities of Quebec.
ELAN stated that this was intended to reflect the diversity of the province's population, arguing that they were served well by news programming, but underserved by cultural programming of interest.
It signed on over the air on channel 27 (PSIP 17.1) from Olympic Stadium in Montreal in January 2009, making CIVM-DT the first educational television station in Canada to broadcast digitally.
A digital terrestrial television transmitter requested and authorized for construction in Quebec City for CIVQ-TV did not sign on until August 2010, weeks before the September 25, 2010 deadline to sign on or file an extension.
Télé-Québec intended on converting all of its transmitters to digital by the digital transition deadline of August 31, 2011, including its transmitters that are not required to transition by this deadline.
On terrestrial cable, however, it is generally seen only in Quebec and in communities in Ontario and New Brunswick which are within the broadcast range of a Télé-Québec transmitter.
Télé-Québec (and its predecessor, Radio-Québec) was also assigned channel 2 in Rivière-du-Loup, channel 10 in Lithium Mines and channel 21 in Mont-Laurier.
As of 2009, service has yet to begin in these communities; in addition, it had later lost its channel 2 slot at Rivière-du-Loup, after that channel was reallocated to Quebec City (CFAP-TV) and Rimouski (CJBR-TV).
It is also unknown if the Lithium Mines transmitter was replaced by, or provided secondary service of, CIVA-TV, the Télé-Québec outlet serving nearby Val-d'Or.
Renée Lynn Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American soprano, known for performances in opera, concerts, recordings, theater, film, and at major public occasions.
She has performed coloratura, lyric, and lighter spinto soprano operatic roles in Italian, German, French, Czech, and Russian, aside from her native English.
A National Medal of Arts, Richard Tucker Award, and Fulbright Lifetime Achievement Medal winner, she regularly performs in opera houses and concert halls worldwide.
In 2010, she took the title of 'Creative Consultant' to the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the first person to hold such a title with the company.
A daughter of two music teachers, Fleming was born on February 14, 1959, in Indiana, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Churchville, New York.
In 1990 she was once again honored by the Richard Tucker Music Foundation but this time with the highly coveted Richard Tucker Award.
A highlight of 1996 was her signing of an exclusive recording contract with the London/Decca label, making her the first American singer in 31 years to do so, the last having been Marilyn Horne.
She also sang in several concerts in the United Kingdom with Bryn Terfel and gave the most extensive recital tour of her career, singing in dozens of recitals with accompanist Jean-Yves Thibaudet throughout the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia.
Recitals were given in Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, and the United States and performed in several concerts with Elton John at Radio City Music Hall.
Several recitals and concerts throughout the United States, Italy, Russia, Sweden and Austria took place, the latter being a celebration of Mozart's 250th Birthday with the Vienna Philharmonic which was broadcast live internationally.
Additionally, Fleming appeared at numerous music festivals, including the Salzburg Festival and the Lincoln Center Festival and she gave recitals throughout Southeast Asia, Germany, and Switzerland.
She sang Violetta at Covent Garden and Rusalka at the Metropolitan Opera, the Marschallin at the Baden-Baden Festival, the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées and the Metropolitan Opera.
In the same interview, Fleming explained her increasing preference for performing in concerts, rather than opera productions, and said, having learned more than 50 operas, that she is unlikely to learn many more.
In 2019 she began playing the role of Margaret Johnson in the London, Los Angeles and Chicago productions of The Light in the Piazza alongside Brian Stokes Mitchell and rising stars Rob Houchen and Solea Pfeiffer.
On September 3, 2011, Fleming married tax lawyer Tim Jessell, whom she met on a blind date set up by author Ann Patchett.
Fleming provided the singing voice of Roxann Coss, the American opera diva played by Julianne Moore, in the 2018 film Bel Canto (film).
On June 4, 2012, she performed at the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Concert in front of and on the balcony of Buckingham Palace.
It also built up what was then the largest audience in the history of American television, until it was eclipsed by NBC's airing of Super Bowl XLIX the following year.
The Nizamiyyah (from , ) are a group of the medieval institutions of higher education established by Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk in the eleventh century in Iran.
Founded at the beginning of the Seljuk Empire, these Sunni Islam theological schools are considered to be the model of later madrasahs, or Islamic religious schools.
Some scholars have suggested that the establishment of the Nizamiyya madrasas was in fact an attempt to thwart the growing influence of another group of Muslims, the Ismailis, in the region.
The most famous and celebrated of all the nizamiyyah schools was Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (established 1065), where Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk appointed the distinguished philosopher and theologian, al-Ghazali, as a professor.
According to several books, he was assassinated by a member of Hashshashin, a group of the Ismaili sect of Shi'a Islam.
According to Mughatil ibn Bakri, a staff member of the Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad, he alleges that Nizam al-Mulk converted to Shia Islam after a Sunni-Shia debate held on the orders of Sultan Malik Shah I, who also converted to Shia'ism.
The curriculum initially focused on religious studies, Islamic law, Arabic literature, and arithmetic, and later extended to history, mathematics, the physical sciences, and music.
The origin of the term is uncertain, but it may be derived from Harvard University's Cruft Laboratory (built in 1915 as a gift from a donor named Harriet Otis Cruft), which was the Harvard Physics Department's radar lab during World War II.
The FreeBSD handbook uses the term to refer to leftover or superseded object code that accumulates in a folder or directory when software is recompiled and new executables and data files produced.
The word is also used to describe instances of unnecessary, leftover or just poorly written source code in a computer program that is then uselessly, or even harmfully, compiled into object code.
Cruft accumulation may result in technical debt, which can subsequently make adding new features or modifying existing features—even to improve performance—more difficult and time-consuming.
Cruft may also refer to unused and out-of-date computer paraphernalia, collected through upgrading, inheritance, or simple acquisition, both deliberate and through circumstance.
This accumulated hardware, however, often has benefit when IT systems administrators, technicians, and the like have need for critical replacement parts.
An unused machine or component similar to a production unit could allow near-immediate restoration of the failed unit, as opposed to waiting for a shipped replacement.
However the International was formed as many countries were entering periods of extreme repression, and many of the largest IWA unions were shattered during that period.
As a result, by the end of World War II all but one of the International's branches had ceased to function as unions, a slump which continued throughout the 1940s and 1950s.
The IWA programme promotes a form of non-hierarchical unionism which seeks to unite workers to fight for economic and political advances towards the final aim of libertarian communism.
This federation is designed to both contest immediate industrial relations issues such as pay, working conditions and labor law, and pursue the reorganization of society into a global system of economic communes and administrative groups based within a system of federated free councils at local, regional, national and global levels.
This reorganization would form the underlying structure of a self-managed society based on pre-planning and mutual aid—the establishment of anarchist communism.
The IWA rejects all political and national frontiers; it calls for radical changes to the means of production to lessen humanity's environmental impact.
From an early stage, the IWA has taken an anti-militarist stance, reflecting the overwhelming anarchist attitude since the First World War that the working class should not engage with the power struggles between ruling classes - and certainly should not die for them.
It included a commitment to anti-militarism in its core principles and in 1926 it founded an International Anti-Militarist Coalition to promote disarmament and gather information on war production.
It is stressed that this should occur through the formation of a democratic popular militia rather than through a traditional military hierarchy.
The IWA admits organizations which are in full agreement with its Aims and Principles in countries where there is not already an affiliated group in existence, requiring them to pay affiliation fees to help maintain the IWA's structure.
Member groups are then able to participate in and benefit from the global community the IWA provides and can vote in its highest decision-making event, the International Congress, which is currently held once every two years.
Proposals are submitted at national level at least six months before congress, to allow other national groups to consult and mandate members to vote.
The sample flowchart on the right shows the relationship of the individual to the organization within Britain and Ireland IWA affiliate the Solidarity Federation.
If an individual wishes to change the organization's policies, they must win agreement from their Local to formally place the idea before Federal Conference, which in turn, if other Locals agree, may place the idea before the IWA as a whole for a decision.
While federal officers are mandated by the Federal Conference, they have no influence over policymaking other than through their own Locals.
Instead, unpaid volunteer positions are created to deal with administrative issues, and individuals are restricted to carrying out these activities within a mandate decided directly by their peers and subject to instant recall.
Beyond the collective agreements of the IWA itself, all decision-making takes place within base units (such as Locals) organized by geography or trade, as most applicable (where industrial organizing is not possible due to low density, geographical units are the norm).
Administration of the IWA's functions is carried out by the Secretariat consisting of at least three people living in the country nominated by the International to take on the role.
The IWA also elects a Secretary General, who acts as a liaison and representative for the International but again, does not wield any direct powers over policy.
The early ideology of revolutionary syndicalism from which the IWA derives was formed during the International Workingmen's Association (IWMA), also known as the First International.
The First International aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and Labor union that were based on the working class and class struggle.
The earlier International however was not able to withstand the differences between anarchist and Marxist currents, with the anarchists largely withdrawing after the Hague Congress of 1872 which saw the expulsion of leading libertarians Mikhail Bakunin and James Guillaume over their criticism of Karl Marx's party-political approach to social change.
This split prompted several attempts to start specifically anarchist Internationals, notably the Anarchist St. Imier International (1872-1881) and the Black International (1881–87).
However heavy repression in France of the Paris Commune, as well as in Spain and Italy, alongside the rise of propaganda of the deed within the anarchist movement and a dominant strand of social-democracy on the wider left wing in Europe, meant that serious moves to establish an anarcho-syndicalist international would not begin until the early 20th century.
The 1900s saw a major leap forward for the labor movement with the adoption of a new method of organizing, industrial unionism and in 1913 there was an international syndicalist congress held in London which aimed at building stronger ties between the existing syndicalist unions and propaganda groups.
The burgeoning movement was to be snuffed out within a year as Europe was plunged into World War I and communications between the syndicalists became impossible.
For many in this new revolutionary wave, Russia seemed to offer a successful alternative to social democratic reformism, so when in 1919 the Bolshevik Party issued an appeal for all workers to join it in building a new Red International it was met with great interest.
Almost all of the syndicalist unions attended the 1920 congress of the Bolsheviks’ international of communists, the Comintern, which unions in France and Italy joined immediately.
In contrast, attempts to organize a conference of anarchists in February 1919 in Copenhagen had seen only the Scandinavians able to attend.
Skepticism was initially expressed by Germany's influential Free Workers' Union of Germany (FAUD) towards the Bolsheviks' concept of an international of trade unions, known as the Profintern.
At the Profintern's formal launch in July 1921, these fears proved well founded with the passing of a resolution subordinating the Profintern to the Comintern and thus tying the priorities of all member unions to those of the Russian state.
While initially the syndicalist organizations present, including the largest unions from Spain (CNT), Italy (USI), Argentina (FORA), Germany (FAUD) and the USA (IWW) agreed to join on condition that organizational independence would be maintained, relations soured over the course of the year.
By 1922 relations had broken down completely and the Profintern was decisively condemned at a conference of syndicalist unions in Berlin on June 16–18, after a Russian delegate repeatedly refused calls to press for the release of independent and anarchist trade unionists from Lenin's prisons.
Delegations from France, Germany, Norway and Spain resolving to establish a bureau to prepare the ground for the founding of a new international, rejecting parliamentarianism, militarism, nationalism and centralism.
The final formation of this new international, then known as the International Workingmen's Association, took place at an illegal conference in Berlin in December 1922, marking an irrevocable break between the international syndicalist movement and the Bolsheviks.
The single largest anarcho-syndicalist union at the time, the CNT in Spain, were unable to attend when their delegates were arrested on the way to the conference - though they did join the following year, bringing 600,000 members into the international.
The first secretaries of the International included the famed writer and activist Rudolph Rocker, along with Augustin Souchy and Alexander Schapiro.
Later, a bloc of unions in the USA, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Guatemala, Cuba, Costa Rica and El Salvador also shared the IWA's statutes.
The biggest syndicalist union in the USA, the IWW, considered joining but eventually ruled out affiliation in 1936, citing the IWA's policies on religious and political affiliation.
Many of the largest members of the IWA were broken, driven underground or wiped out in the 1920s-30s as powers hostile to them came to power in states across Europe and workers switched away from anarchism towards the seeming success of the Bolshevik model of socialism.
In Argentina, the FORA had already begun a process of decline by the time it joined the IWA, having split in 1915 into pro and anti-Bolshevik factions.
From 1922, the anarchist movement there lost most of its membership, exacerbated by further splits, most notably around the Severino Di Giovanni affair.
Its last national congress in Erfurt in March 1932 saw the union attempt to form an underground bureau to combat Hitler's national socialists, a measure which was never put into practice as mass arrests decimated the conspirators' ranks.
There were also mass trials of FAUD members held in Wuppertal and Rhenanie, many of those convicted never survived the death camps.
Italian IWA union the USI, which had claimed a membership of up to 600,000 people in 1922, was warning even at that time of murders and repression from Benito Mussolini's blackshirts.
It had been driven underground by 1924 and although it was still able to lead significant strikes by miners, metalworkers and marble workers, Mussolini's ascent to power in 1925 sealed its fate.
Portugal's CGT was driven underground after an unsuccessful attempt to break the newly installed President of Portugal, Gomes da Costa, with a general strike in 1927 which led to nearly 100 deaths.
It survived underground with 15-20,000 members until January 1934, when it called a general revolutionary strike against plans to replace trade unions with corporations, which failed.
It was able to continue in a much reduced state until World War II but was effectively finished as a fighting union.
Massive government repression repeated such defeats around the world, as anarcho-syndicalist unions were destroyed in Peru, Brazil, Columbia, Japan, Cuba, Bulgaria, Paraguay and Bolivia.
But perhaps the greatest blow was struck in the Spanish Civil War which saw the CNT, then claiming a membership of 1.58 million, driven underground with the defeat of the Spanish Second Republic by the Nationalists.
The sixth IWA congress took place in 1936, shortly after the Spanish Revolution had begun, but was unable to provide serious material support for the section.
The IWA held its last pre-war congress in Paris in 1938, with months to go before the start of the Second World War it received an application from ZZZ, a syndicalist union in the country claiming up to 130,000 workers – ZZZ members went on to form a core part of the resistance against the Nazis, and participated in the Warsaw uprising.
During the war, only one member of the IWA was able to continue to function as a revolutionary union, the SAC in Sweden.
After Hitler’s defeat, much of the Spanish CNT's active membership, now operating informally in Francoist Spain, remained split with some in exile in France and Britain, the rest driven underground.
In Sweden, the SAC retained a presence while in every other country previously active members of the International had to start over.
At the seventh congress in Toulouse in 1951 a much smaller IWA was relaunched, again without the CNT, which would not be strong enough to reclaim membership until 1958 as an exiled and underground organization.
Delegates attended, though mostly representing very small groups, from Cuba, Argentina, Spain, Sweden, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Britain, Bulgaria and Portugal.
But the situation remained difficult for the International, as it struggled to deal with the rise of state-sanctioned economic trade unionism in the West, heavy secret service intervention as Cold War anti-communism reached its height and the banning of all strikes and free trade unions in the Soviet Union bloc of countries.
At the tenth congress in 1958, the SAC’s response to these pressures led it into a clash with the rest of the international.
It withdrew from the IWA following its failure to amend the body’s statutes to allow it to stand in municipal elections and amid concerns over its integration with the state over distribution of unemployment benefits.
In 1976, at the 15th congress, the IWA had only five member groups, two of which (the Spanish and Bulgarian members) were still operating in exile (though following Franco's death in 1975, the CNT was already approaching a membership of 200,000).
The IWA’s 1980 congress showed much improvement, reaching ten sections and benefiting from the reorganization of the CNT, which was able to send delegates from Spain (as opposed to exiles) for the first time since the 1930s.
Reformed sections in Italy (USI) and Norway (NSF), along with others from the UK (Direct Action Movement), USA (Workers Solidarity Alliance), Germany (Free Workers' Union, FAU) and Australia Anarcho-Syndicalist Federation, were among those who joined.
All existing groups reported growth and by 1984 at its 17th congress the International could boast three unions as members, CNT of Spain, CNT of France and USI of Italy.
Further growth was recorded in the 1990s, although the Workers Solidarity Alliance along with the Japanese and Australian sections ceased to be members.
On 3 September 2009, six members of the Serbian IWA section (ASI-MUR), including then-IWA General Secretary Ratibor Trivunac, were arrested on suspicion of international terrorism, a charge which was heavily disputed by the international and other anarchist groups.
Shortly after their arrest, an open letter was circulated by Serbian academics criticizing the charges and the attitude of Serbian police.
The six were formally indicted on December 7 and after a lengthy trial procedure Trivunac, along with 5 other anarchists, was freed on February 17, 2010.
On 10 December 2009, the management of the Babylon cinema in Berlin tried to ban the Free Workers' Union (FAU) from calling itself a union.
The International's Norwegian section subsequently took on the Secretariat role in 2010, and Poland took the role on at the XXV annual congress in 2013.
As part of the anti-austerity movement in Europe, various IWA sections were highly active in the 2008-2012 period, with the CNT taking a leading role in agitating for the general strikes which have occurred in Spain, the USI in Milan taking on anti-austerity campaigns in the health service.
Regular syndical activity goes on in countries such as Spain, Poland and Italy, and recent campaigns and work conflicts have taken place in places such as UK, Australia, Brazil and France.
Despite this, after the XXV Congress, members of FAU decided to develop another direction and push for a new international network.
Following decisions made at the CNT Spain Congress and the USI Congress to join this direction and to suspend dues in the IWA, those organizations were disaffiliated at the XXVI Congress in 2016.
In 2018,the former IWA members met with other groups in Parma, Italy, to establish a new international organization, the International Confederation of Labor (Confederación Internacional del Trabajo).
Affiliated organisations include CNT (Spain), USI (Italy), FAU (Germany), the North American Regional Administration of the IWW, ESE (Greece), FORA (Argentina) and IP (Poland).
The issue of the reintegration of the reconstructed Spanish section was on the agenda of an Extraordinary Congress of the IWA in 2017, where the Section in Spain was recognized as the continuation of the CNT-IWA.
Friends of the IWA are regarded as fellow travelers politically but have not formally joined and do not have voting rights at Congress.
In the West, the devotional has been a part of the liturgy in Roman Catholicism, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church, and others, since their earliest days.
It was spelled Quebecor in both English and French until May 2012, when shareholders voted to add the acute accent, Québecor, in French only.
Current members of the board of directors of Quebecor Inc. are: Françoise Bertrand, Jean La Couture, Sylvie Lalande, Pierre Laurin, A. Michel Lavigne, Geneviève Marcon, Brian Mulroney, and Normand Provost.
The term may also refer to international bilateral or multilateral meetings on state-level, like the convention of the Anglo-Russian Entente (1907).
Article V of the United States Constitution also makes provisions for electing national conventions to propose constitutional amendments, and/or state conventions to ratify them.
The meeting was organized by the Sons of Liberty, who, in challenging incumbent governor Thomas Fitch, nominated William Pitkin for governor and Jonathan Trumbull for deputy governor.
After the war, he was a railroad regulator and executive, an author of historical works, and a member of the Massachusetts Park Commission.
John Quincy Adams II, father of Charles Francis Adams III; historian Henry Brooks Adams; Arthur Adams, who died young during their childhood; Mary Adams, who married Henry Parker Quincy, of Dedham, MA; and historian Peter Chardon Brooks Adams, of Beverly Farms, MA.
When the regiment's 3-years enlistment ended it was reduced to a battalion; and Adams was mustered out of service on September 1, 1864.
He was promoted to colonel and assumed command of the regiment on March 14, 1865, shortly before the end of the war.
Adams, who wished to lead his regiment in combat, was able to get horses for his regiment and had it reassigned to front line duty during the closing days of the campaign against Richmond.
Adams wrote in his autobiography that he regretted having his unit reassigned since he came to the conclusion that the regiment's black soldiers were ill-suited for combat duty.
Adams was a Veteran Companion of the Massachusetts Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS).
He saw regulation as necessary to protect investors and other businessmen from the capriciousness of a hostile public or the machinations of other unscrupulous stock jobbers.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1871, and was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1891.
As railroad president, he was successful in getting a good press for the UP, and set up libraries along the route to allow his employees to better themselves.
Adams was unable to stanch the worsening financial condition of the UP, and in 1890 the railroad's owner Jay Gould forced his resignation.
From 1893 to 1895, he was chairman of the Massachusetts Park Commission, and as such took a prominent part in planning the present park system of the state.
In 1900, he wrote a letter to the President of the Massachusetts Single Tax League, declaring himself a supporter of the reform Henry George had proposed, which would later be known as Georgism.
After 1874, he devoted much of his time to the study of American history, and in recognition of his work in this field was chosen president of the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1895, and of the American Historical Association in 1901.
The White Earth River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in northwestern North Dakota in the United States.
Human Factor XII is 596 amino acids long and consists of two chains, the heavy chain (353 residues) and light chain (243 residues) held together by a disulfide bond.
Its heavy chain contains two fibronectin-type domains (type I and II), two epidermal growth factor-like domains, a kringle domain, and a proline-rich region, and its light chain contains the protease domain.
Contact to polyphosphates activates factor XII and initiates fibrin formation by the intrinsic pathway of coagulation with critical importance for thrombus formation.
Addition of polyphosphates restored defective plasma clotting of Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome patients, indicating that the inorganic polymer is the endogenous factor XII activator in vivo.
Platelet polyphosphate-driven factor XII activation provides the link from primary hemostasis (formation of a platelet plug) to secondary hemostasis (fibrin meshwork formation).
The protein seems to be involved in the later stages of clot formation rather than the first occlusion of damages in the blood vessel wall.
All of this, including the mechanism of inheritance, also holds true for the other contact factors, prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) and high molecular weight kininogen.
Excess levels of factor XII can predispose individuals towards greater risk of venous thrombosis due to factor XII's role as one of the catalysts for conversion of plasminogen to its active fibrinolytic form of plasmin.
Hageman factor was first discovered in 1955 when a routine preoperative blood sample of the 37-year-old railroad brakeman John Hageman (1918) was found to have prolonged clotting time in test tubes, even though he had no hemorrhagic symptoms.
Ratnoff later found that the Hageman factor deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, after examining several related people who had the deficiency.
The Jackson–Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974 is a 1974 provision in United States federal law intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries with non-market economies (originally, countries of the Communist bloc) that restrict freedom of emigration and other human rights.
The Trade Act of 1974 passed both houses of the United States Congress unanimously, and President Gerald Ford signed the bill into law with the adopted amendment on January 3, 1975.
Over time, a number of countries were granted conditional normal trade relations subject to annual review, and a number of countries were liberated from the amendment.
In December 2012, the Magnitsky Act, which repeals the application of the Jackson–Vanik amendment to the Russian Federation, was signed into law by President Obama.
From 1972 to January 1975, Congress debated and added the Jackson-Vanik Amendment to the 1974 Trade Reform Act, which restricted the President's ability to provide most favored nation (MFN) status to the Soviet Union and other non-market economies that formed the Soviet bloc.
The timing and provisions of the amendment reflected the presidential ambitions and distrust of the Soviet Union of Senator Henry Jackson (D-WA).
After the Soviet Union allowed a number of Soviet Jews to emigrate in the years after the 1967 June War in the Middle East, expectations of freer emigration were raised, but they were soon shattered as the 1972 Soviet emigration head tax made emigration very difficult.
This Soviet edict levied an additional exit tax on educated emigrants, which appeared to have the effect of singling out Jews most heavily.
The education tax, imposed after the 1972 Moscow summit of superpower leaders Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev, emboldened those who criticized the Nixon administration's policy of Detente for downplaying concerns for human rights.
Nixon's handling of the issue of Soviet Jewish emigration and US National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger's reluctance to broach the subject disappointed US Jewish activists.
The Soviets announced the abolishing of the tax just before the introduction of the amendment in Congress, arguably in an attempt to prevent it.
At first, Jackson organized the political movement to link trade and emigration in America's relations with the Soviet Union in concert with Jewish activists, but he soon took matters into his own hands.
Jackson drafted what would become the Jackson–Vanik amendment in the summer of 1972 and introduced it to the Ninety-second Congress on October 4, 1972.
Jackson's efforts, rooted in his own domestic political calculations and ideological distrust of and antipathy toward the Soviet Union, complicated the Nixon White House's pursuit of Detente, which it had worked on since 1969.
While there was some opposition, the American Jewish establishment on the whole and Soviet Jewry activists (particularly the Washington Committee for Soviet Jewry and the National Conference on Soviet Jewry) supported the amendment over Nixon's and Kissinger's objections.
In 1973 Rep. Charles Vanik, chair of the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, introduced in the House of Representatives the legislation written with Jackson.
Labor, ethnic groups originally from Eastern European and Baltic States, human rights organizations and liberal intellectuals were the most significant additions to organized labor and Jewish activists.
Once the Nixon administration began to appreciate the threat Jackson presented to Detente and its policy of trade with the Soviet Union, it made a number of attempts to thwart Jackson.
The administration tried to keep the amendment out of the committee version of the bill during the House Ways and Means Committee's markup sessions.
When it became clear that this was impossible, delay was the administration's next option, along with the threat of a veto.
Soviet involvement in the conflict may have stoked distrust of the USSR by some members of Congress, but there were other members who feared that pressure on the Nixon Administration to advance the goals of the Jackson–Vanik amendment complicated the emergency supply of American military weapons to Israel.
Israel prevailed in the Yom Kippur War, and by December 11 the House of Representatives voted by an overwhelming 319-80 tally to include the entire Jackson–Vanik amendment in the trade bill, which passed 272-140.
On January 21, 1974, the second session of the Ninety-third United States Congress began, and the Jackson amendment entered the Senate.
The prominent individuals involved were Jackson, Kissinger, and Soviet Ambassador to the U.S. Anatoly Dobrynin, a skilled senior diplomat who had served in Washington for decades.
In March 1974, Kissinger returned from Moscow with news that the Soviets were willing to cooperate with the members of Congress.
The outline of an agreement was perceivable, but by summer the talks seemed to bog down as Watergate sapped the Executive Branch's political energy.
In August 1974, when the national deadlock was broken by Nixon's resignation and Ford's appointment, Jackson had to decide whether or not to concur with an agreement that was not perfect or hold out longer and possibly sink the entire trade bill.
Given the choice of having the bill with the Jackson amendment or doing away with both the bill and the Jackson amendment together, Kissinger was apparently willing to let the two die.
So to compromise, Jackson had agreed to grant, at least temporarily, trade concessions, including extensions of credit, to the Soviet Union.
Jackson was anxious to achieve a legislative victory after years of battle and apparently decided it best not to ask too many more questions nor press too hard for less ambiguous pledges lest he be left with nothing to show for his efforts.
On January 10, the Soviet government sent a letter that apparently indicated the Soviets' refusal to comply with the need to provide assurances on emigration or to make technical changes in the 1972 Trade agreement.
Harry Stone, vice president and his brother, Irving Stone, president of American Greetings based in Vanick's home turf, Cleveland, Ohio, played a major role in gaining sponsorship for this amendment.
Fulbright, apparently saw the same light as Mills, as American Greetings opened one of its largest printing plants in Fulbright's and Mills's state of Arkansas.
The difficulty faced by Senator Jackson in the three-way negotiation process that took place from August 1974 through January 1975, demonstrated some of the institutional constraints on congressional involvement in foreign policy making.
It exemplifies the fact that one cannot understand U.S. foreign policy if one does not understand the domestic politics in Congress and the White House that shape policy decisions.
The amendment denies most favored nation status to certain countries with non-market economies that restrict emigration, which is considered a human right.
Permanent normal trade relations can be extended to a country subject to the law only if the President determines that it complies with the freedom of emigration requirements of the amendment.
However, the President has the authority to grant a yearly waiver to the provisions of Jackson-Vanik, and these waivers were granted to the People's Republic of China starting in the late 1970s and in later decades, to Vietnam and Laos.
The countries subject to the amendment included the Soviet Union (and later the post-Soviet states), the People's Republic of China, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Bulgaria, Mongolia, Albania, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
Of Soviet Bloc countries, Poland was exempt from the amendment, but from 1982 to 1987 its unconditional MFN status was suspended due to its actions against Solidarność.
Yugoslavia was also exempt; however, in 1991–1992, due to violent events in the former Yugoslavia, the MFN status of Serbia and Montenegro was suspended.
However, in the late 1980s Mikhail Gorbachev agreed to comply with the protocols of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Some argue that it helped bring the plight of Soviet Jews to the world's attention, while others believe it hindered emigration and decreased America's diplomatic bargaining power.
Since 1975 more than 500,000 refugees, large numbers of whom were Jews, evangelical Christians, and Catholics from the former Soviet Union, have been resettled in the United States.
Other ethnic groups subsequently demanded the right to emigrate, and the ruling Communist Party had to face the fact that there was widespread dissatisfaction with its governance.
Enacted on November 21, 1989, the Lautenberg Amendment, Public Law 101-167, took effect in 1990 which provided refugee status in the United States for nationals from the Soviet Union and later the former Soviet Union, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania who are Jews, Evangelical Christians, Ukrainian Catholics or Ukrainian Orthodox; as well as nationals of Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia; and Jews, Christians, Baha’is and other religious minorities from Iran.
The Lautenberg measure allowed refugee status to people from historically persecuted groups without requiring them to show that they had been singled out.
Under the Lautenberg Amendment, 350,000 to 400,000 Jews from the former Soviet Union which had not presented any form of evidence of persecution gained entry to the United States by October 2002 according to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
In 1997 it was found to be fully compliant with the Jackson-Vanik provisions, but its status remained subject to annual review.
On November 16, 2012 the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill that would repeal the Jackson–Vanik amendment for Russia and Moldova.
After approval by the Senate, the law repealing the effects of the Jackson–Vanik amendment on Russia and Moldova was signed by President Barack Obama on December 14, 2012.
In 2003, Vladimir Putin pursued an economic agenda for Russia to begin normalized trade relations with the West which included Russia joining the European Union and the repeal of the Jackson-Vannik amendment.
Putin tried to use his relationships with both the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, who was the head of the European Union's Council in 2003, to gain Russia's membership in the European Union, and also Hank Greenberg, who was the chairman and CEO of the American International Group (AIG), to repeal the Jackson-Vannik provisions in the United States.
On November 16, 2012 the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill that would repeal the Jackson–Vanik amendment for Russia and Moldova.
After approval by the Senate, the law repealing the effects of the Jackson–Vanik amendment on Russia and Moldova was signed together with Magnitsky bill by President Barack Obama on December 14, 2012.
On March 8, 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill permanently exempting Ukraine from trade restrictions imposed under the 1974 Jackson–Vanik amendment.
Until the accession of the PRC to the World Trade Organization in December 2001 the PRC was covered by the provisions of Jackson-Vanik.
Although the President of the United States, starting in the late 1970s, used the waiver provisions of the amendment to grant normal trade relations trade status, the existence of the amendment meant that there was a congressional effort to overturn this waiver each year, creating a yearly controversy especially during the 1990s after the Tiananmen protests of 1989.
Congress specifically removed the PRC from coverage by Jackson-Vanik in the late 1990s as part of its entry into the World Trade Organization, as the provisions of Jackson-Vanik were inconsistent with WTO rules.
In April 2011, American University in Moscow professor Eduard Lozansky and former Reagan administration official Antony Salvia filed a federal lawsuit in Washington, D.C. against the Obama administration arguing the law is illegal.
The liqueur is sold in an oblong glass decanter designed by a craftsman from Murano and does not contain any almonds or other nuts.
Disaronno can be served straight up as a cordial, on the rocks, or as part of a cocktail mixed with other alcoholic beverages, Coca-Cola, ginger ale, or fruit juice.
Gregory Nagy (, ; born Budapest, October 22, 1942) is an American professor of Classics at Harvard University, specializing in Homer and archaic Greek poetry.
He is the Francis Jones Professor of Classical Greek Literature and Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard, and continues to teach half-time at the Harvard campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
In 2013 Harvard offered his popular class, The Ancient Greek Hero, which thousands of Harvard students had taken over the last few decades, through edX as a massive open online course.
Nagy and his wife, Olga Davidson, Research Fellow, Institute for the Study of Muslim Societies and Civilizations, Boston University and chair of the Ilex Foundation, served as Faculty Deans (previously called co-masters) of Currier House at Harvard from 1986 to 1990.
Nagy has two brothers in allied fields: Blaise Nagy is a professor emeritus of Classics at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, while Joseph F. Nagy is the Henry L. Shattuck Professor of Irish Studies in the Department of Celtic Languages and Literatures at Harvard University.
The map shows Glubdubdrib to be southwest of the port of Maldonada on the southwest coast of Luggnagg, while the text states the island is southwest of Balnibarbi, and Maldonada to be a port of that land.
He has a 'noble' palace, and a park of about three thousand acres, surrounded by a wall of hewn stone twenty foot high.
On visiting Glubbdubdrib, Gulliver had the occasion, thanks to the power of their necromancers, to speak with Brutus of ancient Rome, whom Gulliver greatly admired, among many other famous historical personages, including Socrates.
Gulliver spends five days doing this, then three days looking at some of the 'modern' dead, trying to find the greatest figure in the past 200 or 300 years in his country and others in Europe.
The origins of the name have been traced as far back as the Old Testament and variations of the name have been adopted by a variety of cultures and languages.
There are numerous modern variations such as Gaspar (Catalan, Portuguese and Spanish), Gaspare (Italian), Gaspard (French), Kaspar (German, Dutch), Kašpar (Czech), Casper (English), Caspar (Dutch), Kacper/Kasper (Polish), Kasperi (Finnish), Kasper (Danish, Swedish), Gáspár (Hungarian), Гаспар (Russian) and Kaspars (Latvian).
By the 6th century, the name Gaspar was recorded in mosaic at the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy as one of the traditional names assigned by folklore to the anonymous Magi mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew account of the Nativity of Jesus.
The basic names Gaspar, and its variants Caspar and Kaspar, along with Melchior and Balthazar or Balthasar, the other two saints, wisemen, and kings depicted in the above basilica became family names and spread throughout Europe.
This, and other changes in English pronunciation, took place between 1200 AD and 1600 AD and are now known as the Great Vowel Shift.
Vitamin B deficiency anemia, of which pernicious anemia is a type, is a disease in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B.
Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, pale skin, chest pain, numbness in the hands and feet, poor balance, a smooth red tongue, poor reflexes, depression and confusion.
Lack of intrinsic factor is most commonly due to an autoimmune attack on the cells that create it in the stomach.
Other causes of low vitamin B include not enough dietary intake (which can be a risk in a vegan diet), celiac disease, or tapeworm infection.
Blood tests may show fewer but larger red blood cells, low numbers of young red blood cells, low levels of vitamin B, and antibodies to intrinsic factor.
Symptoms may consist of the triad of tingling or other skin sensations (paresthesia), tongue soreness (glossitis), and fatigue and general weakness.
It presents with a number of further common symptoms, including depressive mood, low-grade fevers, diarrhea, dyspepsia, weight loss, neuropathic pain, jaundice, sores at the corner of the mouth (angular cheilitis), a look of exhaustion with pale and dehydrated or cracked lips and dark circles around the eyes, as well as brittle nails, and thinning and early greying of the hair.
Because PA may affect the nervous system, symptoms may also include difficulty in proprioception, memory changes, mild cognitive impairment (including difficulty concentrating and sluggish responses, colloquially referred to as brain fog), and even psychoses, impaired urination, loss of sensation in the feet, unsteady gait, difficulty in walking, muscle weakness and clumsiness.
A complication of severe chronic PA is subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, which leads to distal sensory loss (posterior column), absent ankle reflex, increased knee reflex response, and extensor plantar response.
Pernicious anemia can contribute to a delay in physical growth in children, and may also be a cause for delay in puberty for adolescents.
When foods containing B are eaten, the vitamin is usually bound to protein and is released by proteases released by the pancreas in the small bowel.
Following its release, most B is absorbed by the body in the small bowel (ileum) after binding to a protein known as intrinsic factor.
Intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining) and the intrinsic factor-B complex is absorbed by cubilin receptors on the ileum epithelial cells.
PA may be considered as an end stage of immune gastritis, a disease characterised by stomach atrophy and the presence of antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor.
Antibodies to intrinsic factor and parietal cells cause the destruction of the oxyntic gastric mucosa, in which the parietal cells are located, leading to the subsequent loss of intrinsic factor synthesis.
This is probably because the body stores many years' worth of B in the liver and gastric surgery patients are adequately supplemented with the vitamin.
Pernicious anemia is often found in conjunction with other autoimmune disorders, suggesting common autoimmune susceptibility genes may be a causative factor.
In spite of that, previous family studies and case reports focusing on PA have suggested that there is a tendency of genetic heritance of PA in particular, and close relatives of the PA patients seem to have higher incidence of PA and associated PA conditions.
Moreover, it was further indicated that the formation of antibodies to gastric cells was autosomal dominant gene determined, and the presence of antibodies to the gastric cells might not be necessarily related to the occurrence of atrophic gastritis related to PA.
Although the healthy body stores three to five years' worth of B in the liver, the usually undetected autoimmune activity in one's gut over a prolonged period of time leads to B depletion and the resulting anemia.
B is required by enzymes for two reactions: the conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA, and the conversion of homocysteine to methionine.
This accumulation depletes the other types of folate required for purine and thymidylate synthesis, which are required for the synthesis of DNA.
The neurological aspects of the disease are thought to arise from the accumulation of methylmalonyl CoA due to the requirement of B as a cofactor to the enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase.
A diagnosis of PA first requires demonstration of megaloblastic anemia by conducting a full blood count and blood smear, which evaluates the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), as well the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Ovalocytes are also typically seen on the blood smear, and a pathognomonic feature of megaloblastic anemias (which include PA and others) is hypersegmented neutrophils.
Normal serum levels may be found in cases of deficiency where myeloproliferative disorders, liver disease, transcobalamin II deficiency, or intestinal bacterial overgrowth are present.
Low levels of serum vitamin B may be caused by other factors than B deficiency, such as folate deficiency, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, haptocorrin deficiency, and myeloma.
The presence of antibodies to gastric parietal cells and intrinsic factor is common in PA. Parietal cell antibodies are found in other autoimmune disorders and also in up to 10% of healthy individuals, making the test nonspecific.
The combination of both tests of intrinsic factor antibodies and parietal cell antibodies may improve overall sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic results.
Elevated gastrin levels can be found in around 80-90% of PA cases, but they may also be found in other forms of gastritis.
Decreased pepsinogen I levels or a decreased pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II ratio may also be found, although these findings are less specific to PA and can be found in food-B malabsorption and other forms of gastritis.
About 90% of individuals with PA have antibodies for parietal cells; however, only 50% of all individuals in the general population with these antibodies have pernicious anemia.
This historic test consisted, in its first step, of taking an oral dose of radiolabelled vitamin B, followed by quantitation of the vitamin in the patient's urine over a 24-hour period via measurement of the radioactivity.
A second step of the test repeats the regimen and procedure of the first step, with the addition of oral intrinsic factor.
A patient with PA presents lower than normal amounts of intrinsic factor; hence, addition of intrinsic factor in the second step results in an increase in vitamin B absorption (over the baseline established in the first).
The Schilling test distinguished PA from other forms of B deficiency, specifically, from Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome (IGS), a vitamin B12-deficiency caused by mutations in cubilin the cobalamin receptor.
Opinions vary over the efficacy of administration (parenteral/oral), the amount and time interval of the doses, or the forms of vitamin B (e.g.
More comprehensive studies are still needed in order to validate the feasibility of a particular therapeutic method for PA in clinical practices.
A permanent cure for PA is lacking, although repletion of B should be expected to result in cessation of anemia-related symptoms, a halt in neurological deterioration, and in cases where neurological problems are not advanced, neurological recovery and a complete and permanent remission of all symptoms, so long as B is supplemented.
The standard treatment for PA has been intramuscular injections of cobalamin in the form of cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl), hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl) or methylcobalamin.
Failure to diagnose and treat in time, however, may result in permanent neurological damage, excessive fatigue, depression, memory loss, and other complications.
An association has been observed between pernicious anemia and certain types of gastric cancer, but a causal link has not been established.
PA is estimated to affect 0.1% of the general population and 1.9% of those over 60, accounting for 20–50% of B deficiency in adults.
A review of literature shows that the prevalence of PA is higher in Northern Europe, especially in Scandinavian countries, and among people of African descent, and that increased awareness of the disease and better diagnostic tools might play a role in apparently higher rates of incidence.
However, this was not investigated in more depth until 1849, by British physician Thomas Addison, from which it acquired the common name of Addison's anemia.
In 1907, Richard Clarke Cabot reported on a series of 1200 patients with PA; their average survival was between one and three years.
William Bosworth Castle performed an experiment whereby he ingested raw hamburger meat and regurgitated it after an hour, and subsequently fed it to a group of 10 patients.
The first workable treatment for pernicious anemia began when Whipple made a discovery in the course of experiments in which he bled dogs to make them anemic, then fed them various foods to see which would make them recover most rapidly (he was looking for treatments for anemia from bleeding, not pernicious anemia).
Whipple discovered ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to cure anemia from blood loss, and tried liver ingestion as a treatment for pernicious anemia, reporting improvement there, also, in a paper in 1920.
For the discovery of the cure of a previously fatal disease of unknown cause, Whipple, Minot, and Murphy shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
After Minot and Murphy's verification of Whipple's results in 1926, pernicious anemia victims ate or drank at least one-half pound of raw liver, or drank raw liver juice, every day.
In 1928, chemist Edwin Cohn prepared a liver extract that was 50 to 100 times more potent than the natural food (liver).
The extract could even be injected into muscle, which meant patients no longer needed to eat large amounts of liver or juice.
The active ingredient in liver remained unknown until 1948, when it was isolated by two chemists, Karl A. Folkers of the United States and Alexander R. Todd of Great Britain.
The new vitamin in liver juice was eventually completely purified and characterized in the 1950s, and other methods of producing it from bacteria were developed.
Pernicious anemia was eventually treated with either injections or large oral doses of B, typically between 1 and 4 mg daily.
One writer has hypothesized that Mary Todd Lincoln, the wife of American President Abraham Lincoln, had pernicious anemia for decades and died from it.
Although oral megadoses and intramuscular injections are the most common methods of treatment currently available, several novel methods are being tested, with high promise for future incorporation into mainstream treatment methods.
As injections are unfavourable vehicles for drug delivery, current research involves improving the passive diffusion across the ileum upon oral ingestion of cobalamin derivatives.
This complex is much more lipophilic than the water-soluble vitamin B, so is able to pass through cellular membranes with greater ease.
The lack of intrinsic factor produced by the patient's body can be supplemented by using synthetic human IF produced from pea plant recombinants.
A 2003 study found, while this method is effective, a dose of 500 μg of cyanocobalamin given either orally or sublingually, is equally efficacious in restoring normal physiological concentrations of cobalamin.
A 1997 study monitored the plasma cobalamin concentration of six patients with pernicious anemia over a period of 35 days while being treated with 1500 μg of intranasal hydroxocobalamin.
One hour after administration, all patients showed on average an immediate eight-fold increase in plasma cobalamin concentration and a two-fold increase after 35 days with three 1500 μg treatments.
The transdermal route allows the cobalamin derivative to passively diffuse through the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis, and ultimately entering the bloodstream; hence, the cobalamin avoids the hepatic first pass effect, and so offers the potential for improved bioavailability and efficacy.
In one such system, a drug-loaded polycaprolactone fiber that is prepared as an electrospun nanofiber can release hundreds of micrograms of cobabalmin per day.
Oettinger Davidoff AG manufactures a broad portfolio of cigars, cigarillos, pipe tobaccos and smoker's accessories under the brands Davidoff, Camacho and Zino Platinum.
The cigars are produced in the Dominican Republic and Honduras, and tobacco is sourced from the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Honduras and the United States of America.
The brand name Davidoff originates from the name of its Russian Empire-born Jewish founder, Zino Davidoff (born Sussele-Meier Davidoff; 1906–1994), who ran a tobacco specialist shop in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1936 to 1994.
The cigars were rolled in the newly established El Laguito factory in Havana, which had been established to roll Cuban President Fidel Castro's own personal cigars, named Cohíba.
The Zino Davidoff Group was spun out of Davidoff in 1980 to exclusively market non-tobacco luxury goods such as watches, leather goods, pens, fragrances, eyewear, coffee, and cognac.
Leading up to this, in August 1989, Zino had publicly burned over one hundred thousand cigars that he had deemed of low quality and unfit to sell.
Moving forward, Davidoff Cigars started to make use of tobaccos sourced from other countries than the Dominican Republic to diversify their product portfolio.
Davidoff Cigars produces a number of smoker's accessories, including humidors, lighters, cigar cutters, cigar ashtrays, cigar cases, pipes and pipe accessories.
Shaolin Soccer (Chinese: 少林足球) is a 2001 sports comedy film directed by Stephen Chow, who also stars in the lead role.
A former Shaolin monk reunites his five brothers, years after their master's death, to apply their superhuman martial arts skills to play football and bring Shaolin kung fu to the masses.
Sing is a master of Shaolin kung fu, whose goal in life is to promote the spiritual and practical benefits of the art to modern society.
Sing is compelled by the idea of promoting kung fu through soccer and agrees to enlist his former Shaolin brothers to form a team under Fung's management.
Fung invites a vicious team to play against them and the thugs proceed to give the Shaolin team a brutal beating.
Sing meets Mui (Zhao Wei), a baker with severe acne who uses Tai chi to bake mantou, and even takes her to look at very expensive dresses at a high-end department store after hours.
However, this backfires and when Mui reveals her feelings to him, he tells her he only wants to be her friend.
Team Evil had been injected with an American drug, granting them superhuman strength and speed, making them practically invincible, and they bring Team Shaolin back to reality when Team Evil's amazing capabilities prove more than a match for them.
After Team Evil takes out Team Shaolin's goalkeepers, Mui, who has shaved her hair and improved her face, reappears to keep goal for Team Shaolin.
In their final attack, Team Evil's striker leaps into the sky and kick the ball with enormous force towards Mui; she uses her martial art to divert and stop it, thus preventing a goal.
A newspaper article then shows Hung being stripped of his title of soccer chairman and sent to jail for five years, while Team Evil players are permanently banned from playing soccer professionally.
Tin Kai-man (Iron Shirt) had been Chow's production manager on several movies, but had acted in numerous minor roles in previous films.
Zhao Wei, who played the Mandarin-speaking Mui, said it was a different step for her to star in a Hong Kong production.
However, Zhao admitted that she was not impressed with her look with less makeup because she is easily recognisable for her beautiful appearance.
The DVD release was shortened by 10 minutes, with the option for viewers to access the deleted scenes in the middle of the film.
The scenes deleted from the DVD version are the dance sequence in front of Mui's bakery, much of the conversation over Mui's makeover and the blooper reel before the end credits.
The Italian dub of the film features the voices of professional footballers Damiano Tommasi (as Mighty Steel Leg Sing), Vincent Candela (as Empty Hand), Marco Delvecchio (as Iron Head), Sinisa Mihajlovic (as Hooking Leg), Giuseppe Pancaro (as Iron Shirt) and Angelo Peruzzi (as Light Weight Vest).
The characters were drawn with large manga-like eyes and cartoonish bodies, but the artists were careful to retain the likenesses of each actor who portrayed them.
ComicsOne approached noted comic book artist Andy Seto with the idea of creating a two volume manhua-style graphic novel adaptation of the feature film.
Seto worked to make the novel as faithful to the film as possible but he admits that Stephen Chow's brand of Mo lei tau comedy does not translate well into illustrations.
This new content includes a backstory about Steel Leg's training in Shaolin before the death of his master, as well as completely rewriting entire sections of the movie.
For example, in the film a group of bar thugs beat up Sing and Iron Head after listening to their lounge-style tribute to Shaolin kung fu.
The following day, Sing seeks out the group and uses his Shaolin skills to beat the thugs using a soccer ball.
However, in the comic book, Sing is meditating in the park when he gets hit in the head with a soccer ball.
All of their comic book personas look to be in their twenties to thirties, with highly toned athletic physiques (with the exception of Light Weight); even Iron Head, who was the eldest of the six brothers, appears younger than he should.
Several online reviews have criticised the American adaptation for its apparent lack of story line coherence, mixture of realistic and cartoonish drawing styles, and bad Chinese-to-English translation, among other issues.
The Four Feathers is a 1902 adventure novel by British writer A. E. W. Mason that has inspired many films of the same title.
Against the background of the Mahdist War, young Feversham disgraces himself by quitting the army, which others perceive as cowardice, symbolized by the four white feathers they give him.
The novel tells the story of a British officer, Harry Feversham, who resigns from his commission in the Royal North Surrey Regiment just before Lord Garnet Wolseley's 1882 expedition to Egypt to suppress the rising of Colonel Ahmed Orabi.
He is censured for cowardice by three of his comradesCaptain Trench and Lieutenants Castleton and Willoughbysignified by their delivery of three white feathers to him.
He questions his own motives, but says he will redeem himself by acts that will convince his critics to take back the feathers.
He travels on his own to Egypt and Sudan, where in 1882 Muhammad Ahmed proclaimed himself the Mahdi (Guided One) and raised a Holy War.
Most of the action over the next six years takes place in the eastern Sudan, where the British and Egyptians held Suakin.
Later, disguised as a mad Greek musician, Harry gets imprisoned in Omdurman, where he rescues Captain Trench, who had been captured on a reconnaissance mission.
He returns to England, and sees Ethne for what he thinks is one last time, as she has decided to devote herself to the blind Durrance.
For example, the celebrated 1939 cinematic version, produced by Alexander Korda and Ralph Richardson, begins just after the death of Gordon in 1885.
In the 1929 silent version, a square of Highlanders is broken, but saved by Feversham and the Egyptian garrison of a besieged fort.
The enemy forces, Islamic rebels called Dervishes, or The Mahdi, are the same, as are the geographic settings of Britain, Egypt and the Sudan.
The mirror stage is based on the belief that infants recognize themselves in a mirror (literal) or other symbolic contraption which induces apperception (the turning of oneself into an object that can be viewed by the child from outside themselves) from the age of about six months.
Initially, Lacan proposed that the mirror stage was part of an infant's development from 6 to 18 months, as outlined at the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress at Marienbad in 1936.
Lacan's concept of the mirror stage was strongly inspired by earlier work by psychologist Henri Wallon, who speculated based on observations of animals and humans responding to their reflections in mirrors.
While chimpanzees rapidly lose interest in the discovery, human infants typically become very interested and devote much time and effort to exploring the connections between their bodies and their images.
Wallon's ideas about mirrors in infant development were distinctly non-Freudian and little-known until revived in modified form a few years later by Lacan.
Lacan attempted to link Wallon's ideas to Freudian psychoanalysis, but was met with indifference from the larger community of Freudian psychoanalysts.
Dylan Evans argues that Lacan's earliest versions of the mirror stage, while flawed, can be regarded as a bold pioneering in the field of ethology (the study of animal behavior) and a precursor of both cognitive psychology and evolutionary psychology.
In the 1930s, zoologists were increasingly interested in the then-new field of ethology, but not until the 1960s would the larger scientific community believe that animal behavior offered any insights into human behavior.
However, Evans also notes that by the 1950s Lacan's mirror stage concept had become abstracted to the point that it no longer required a literal mirror, but could simply be the child's observation of observed behavior in the imitative gestures of another child or elder.
As Lacan further develops the mirror stage concept, the stress falls less on its historical value and ever more on its structural value.
The mirror stage describes the formation of the Ego via the process of identification, the Ego being the result of identifying with one's own specular image.
At six months the baby still lacks coordination (see Louis Bolk); however, Lacan hypothesized that the baby can recognize itself in the mirror before attaining control over its bodily movements.
The child sees its image as a whole, but this contrasts with the lack of coordination of the body and leads the child to perceive a fragmented body.
This contrast, Lacan hypothesized, is first felt by the infant as a rivalry with its own image, because the wholeness of the image threatens it with fragmentation; thus the mirror stage gives rise to an aggressive tension between the subject and the image.
To resolve this aggressive tension, the subject identifies with the image: this primary identification with the counterpart is what forms the Ego.
(Evans, 1996) The moment of identification is to Lacan a moment of jubilation since it leads to an imaginary sense of mastery.
The Symbolic order is present in the figure of the adult who is carrying the infant: the moment after the subject has jubilantly assumed his image as his own, he turns his head toward this adult who represents the big Other, as if to call on him to ratify this image.
Eaglecrest Ski Area is a public ski area on Douglas Island in the U.S. state of Alaska, across Gastineau Channel from Juneau.
Eaglecrest has 4 double chairlifts accessing , with 34 marked alpine runs, 2 Nordic skiing loops and access to world class backcountry.
The area is owned and operated by Juneau's municipal government, though some legislators of the region, including Randy Wanamaker, have suggested privatization.
After two season of relatively small snowfall, Eaglecrest is making vast improvements on snow making mechanisms, grooming and trimming trails and general operation to ensure timely openings, even with limited snowfall.
Their award winning Snowsport School and certified instructors work to teach students of all ages the skills they need to be independent and safe skiers and riders.
It was opened on June 30, 1793 by Queen Maria I as a replacement for the Tejo Opera House, which was destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
The theatre was built in only six months following a design by Portuguese architect José da Costa e Silva, with neoclassical and rococo elements.
The general project is clearly inspired by great Italian theatres like the San Carlo of Naples (interior) and La Scala in Milan (interior and façade).
In the early 19th century, when the Portuguese Royal Court had to flee to the Portuguese colony of Brazil to escape the invading Napoleonic troops, a theatre modelled on the São Carlos was built in Rio de Janeiro.
The theatre was erected in honor of Princess Charlotte of Spain who had been married in 1785 at the age of 10 to the future King, Prince John and resided with him from 1790 once she was of childbearing age: Carlos (Portuguese form of Charles) is the masculine form of Charlotte.
The most famous Portuguese composer of the time, Marcos Portugal, became musical director of the São Carlos in 1800 after returning from Italy, and many of his operas were staged here.
Between 1828 and 1834, the São Carlos was closed during the Portuguese Civil War, fought between kings Miguel I and Pedro IV.
In 1993, the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa was created as the Teatro's affiliate orchestra, with Álvaro Cassuto as the orchestra's first principal conductor.
Subsequent principal conductors of the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa have included José Ramón Encinar (1999–2001), Zoltán Peskó (2001–2004) and Julia Jones (2008–2011).
The theatre building was classified as Property of Public Interest in 1928 and has been reclassified as a National Monument since 1996.
This central body is torn by a portico (entrance hall), and has a loggia at the ground level composed of 3 frontal arches and a lateral, in perfect round.
At the level of the third floor, this same central body presents a clock surrounded by garlands and two windows, all of which is surmounted by two pinnacles and the Portuguese coats-of-arms.At the level of the first floor, the two side bodies have two straight-polished doors crowned by low windows.
Although with the same two windows, at the second floor level they feature balustrade in stonework, protruding cornice and a small window in the mezzanine area.
It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser.
Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Endowed with a charter issued by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, on 19 May 1607, the university was allowed to proceed with instruction in October 1607.
During the Thirty Years' War, when Hesse-Darmstadt was able to take the area around Marburg for itself, the University of Giessen ceased instruction and was moved back to its more long-standing location in Marburg (1624/25).
The Peace of Westphalia led to the restoration of the old location and in 1650 to the relocation of the university to Giessen.
In the 17th and 18th centuries the Ludoviciana was a typical small state university that then had the four common faculties (theology, law, medicine, and philosophy).
In the 18th century came gradual modernization of the curricula and reforms in the instruction, which were definitively influenced by the local lordly court in Darmstadt.
After finishing studies in this Faculty, a number of these youths were able to gain recognition in the Faculties of Medicine and Philosophy.
The University of Giessen weathered the transition from the 18th to the 19th century unscathed and was still the only university of an enlarged territory, the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
With the appointment of the 21-year-old Justus von Liebig in 1824 through the Grand Duchy — against the will of the university on the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt — a new era in the natural sciences began, not only in Giessen.
Young, promising scientists created a new impulse in their respective areas of knowledge; among these scientists were the antiquarian Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker, the lawyer Rudolf von Jhering, the theologian Adolf von Harnack, and the physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
During this period, new clinics in human and veterinary medicine were established, and the university library received its first proper building.
With the creation of the university's central building (inaugurated 1880) and the adjacent newly constructed facilities for chemistry and physics a new cultural centre was established on what was then the border of the city.
For the first time included in the student body were women, who since 1900 were admitted as guest students and starting in 1908 were admitted for regular study.
The University of Giessen now has almost 23,000 students and 8,500 employees, which together with the Giessen students of Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, makes Giessen the most student-dominated German city.
In the 2014/2015 winter semester the student population exceeded the mark of more than a total of 28,000 students and 7,000 first-semester students for the first time.
Although the university has no defined campus, buildings and facilities are grouped together according to their subject areas and situated in various locations around Giessen.
Two law students of University of Giessen, Karl Siegfrieden (4 June 1822 – 10 March 1840) and Karl von Müller (10 June 1799 – 10 March 1840), are buried in a double grave at Alter Friedhof cemetery in Giessen.
Recent alumni in the area of politics include current President of Germany and former Vice Chancellor and Minister for Foreign Affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Brigitte Zypries, current Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and Energy and former Federal Minister of Justice.
They include the German romantic dramatist and revolutionary Georg Büchner, the literary and political historian Georg Gottfried Gervinus and the botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius.
Carl A. Schenck, who received his PhD in Forestry from Giessen, founded Biltmore Forest School, the first such school in the United States.
Friedrich Kellner was chief justice inspector in Laubach from 1933 to 1950 and also district auditor for the region of Giessen.
Before the early 1900s, this goose was considered a rare species, possibly as a consequence of open hunting, but numbers have increased dramatically as a result of conservation measures.
It is now listed as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN, and is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
The Ross's goose is named in honor of Bernard R. Ross, who was associated with the Hudson's Bay Company in Canada's Northwest Territories.
Two hypotheses about the evolution of Ross's goose are that they arose from a population of snow geese that were isolated by glacial advance or in a refugium that remained ice free.
Landscape in the central Arctic is dominated by flat plains with some rock outcrops and drumlins, wet meadows, and marshy tundra.
Ross's geese form large nesting colonies on islands in shallow lakes and adjacent mainland, building nests on the ground made of twigs, leaves, grass, moss, and down.
A study of ground-based sampling along the McConnell River on the west coast of Hudson Bay reported a population of about 81,000 nesting Ross's geese.
These birds migrate from their Canadian nesting grounds by mid-October, probably in response to limited food before freezing temperatures set in, and begin their return in mid-April to May.
The number of nesting birds in the Queen Maud Gulf hit a record low of 2,000-3,000 in the early 1950s due to extensive shooting and trapping and their subsequent sale in California markets.
Stephen Chow Sing Chi (, born 22 June 1962) is a Hong Kong film director, actor, producer, political adviser of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and martial artist.
Chow was born in Hong Kong on 22 June 1962 to Ling Po Yee (), an alumnus of Guangzhou Normal University, and Chow Yik Sheung (), an immigrant from Ningbo, Zhejiang.
Chow attended Heep Woh Primary School, a missionary school attached to the Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China in Prince Edward Road, Kowloon Peninsula.
Chow won Best Director and Best Actor at the 2002 Hong Kong Film Awards, and the film went on to garner additional awards including a Blue Ribbon Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and the Golden Bauhinia Award for Best Picture and Best Director.
Chow also won Best Director at the Taiwan Golden Horse Awards and Best Picture of Imagine Film Festival as well as twenty international awards.
These vehicles for hire are typically smaller than buses and usually take passengers on a fixed or semi-fixed route without timetables, but instead departing when all seats are filled.
A given share taxi route may start and finish in fixed central locations, and landmarks may serve as route names or route termini.
In these places the share taxis wait for a full load of passengers prior to departing, and off-peak wait times may be in excess of an hour.
After a share taxi has picked up passengers at its terminus, it proceeds along a semi-fixed route where the driver may determine the actual route within an area according to traffic condition.
Drivers will stop anywhere to allow riders to disembark, and may sometimes do the same when prospective passengers want to ride.
Rarely owning more than two vehicles at a time, they will rent out a minibus to operators, who pay fuel and other running costs, and keep revenue.
In some places, like some African cities and also Hong Kong, share taxi minibuses are overseen by syndicates, unions, or route associations.
These groups often function in the absence of a regulatory environment and may collect dues or fees from drivers (such as per-use terminal payments, sometimes illegally), set routes, manage terminals, and fix fares.
In Israel they were mostly the largest model of Mercedes, owned generally by Arabs, and very efficient, having space for 7-8 people, and having loosely fixed routes, dropping a passenger either at a specific terminus or going a little out of the way to facilitate the passenger.
While carrying different names and distinguished by regional peculiarities, the share taxi is an everyday feature of life in many places throughout the world.
Rides are shared with others who are picked up along the way, and the taxi will leave only when it seats all the passengers it can.
Along with all forms of public transport in Algeria, the Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada recommend against using these share taxis.
They are preferred by the majority of the populace over public buses and more-traditional taxicabs because they are generally cheap, operate on diverse routes, and are available in abundance.
Also as of 2008, the city lacks an independent transport authority, but some regulation, such as that controlling market entry, does exist.
Following the creation of the Greater Accra Passenger Transport Executive, some large buses were brought into service, mainly Brazilian built Scanias with Marcopolo bodies.
Black taxi operators were declined permits in the Apartheid era and all minibus taxi operations were, by their very nature, illegal.
Post 1987, the industry was rapidly deregulated, leading to an influx of new minibus taxi operators, keen to make money off the high demand for this service.
Because the industry was largely unregulated and the official regulating bodies corrupt, these associations soon engaged in anti-competitive price fixing and exhibited gangster tactics – including the hiring of hit-men and all-out gang warfare.
During the height of the conflict, it was not uncommon for taxi drivers to carry shotguns and AK-47s to simply shoot rival taxi drivers and their passengers on sight.
Along with new legislation, the government has instituted a 7-year recapitalization scheme to replace the old and un-roadworthy vehicles with new 18- and 35-seater minibuses.
The name is in reference to the fact that conductors often hit the roof and side of the van to attract customers and to notify the driver when to leave the station.
These often-crowded public transports have their routes allocated by a Tanzania transport regulator, Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority (SUMATRA), but syndicates also exist and include DARCOBOA.
They may ply set routes, display this route, run from termini, run both inter and intra-city, and may stop along said route to purchase or collect money from passengers.
Most people believe the name is Matatu is Swahili because it's used all over the country, but its real origin is from the Kikuyu dialect.
Although most of the older history in Kenya is not written, many of the people born in the 1940's and 50's vividly tell the story of how they used to pay thirty cents to any destination when the share taxis were introduced.
Riders can typically hail micro-buses from any point along the route, often with well-established hand signals indicating the prospective rider's destination, although certain areas tend to be well-known micro-bus stops.
In Mainland China, it is normal in some areas like Yingkou City to share a regular taxicab with other passengers waiting along the same route.
Public light buses (), also known as minibus or maxicab (), run the length and breadth of Hong Kong, through areas which the standard bus lines cannot or do not reach as frequently, quickly or directly.
Typically offering a faster and more efficient transportation solution due to their small size, limited carrying capacity, frequency and diverse range of routes, although they are generally slightly more expensive than standard buses, minibuses carry a maximum of 19 seated passengers.
During off-peak hours they ply like regular taxis; they can be hailed anywhere on the roads and passengers are charged by the meter.
They sometimes display their general destination on their windscreens, and passengers get in and wait for the cab to fill up.
Fares are fixed and much lower than the metered fare to the same destination, but higher than a bus or train fare.
It runs accordingly with its exact routes and passengers can stop the van anywhere according to its destination, and is not required to stop at a bus stop or station.
Four passengers share a taxi and sometimes there is no terminus and they wait in the street side and blare their destination to all taxies until one of them stops.
Minibuses, in the past years, with a capacity of 18 passengers, and nowadays van taxies, with a capacity of 10 passengers are other kinds of share transport in Iran.
They follow fixed routes (sometimes the same routes as public transport buses), leave when full, and will only disembark passengers along the route.
In intra-city routes, where they compete with official buses, the drivers usually coordinate their travel by radio so that they can arrive at the bus station just before public transport buses and take the most passengers.
The most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines as of 2007, jeepneys were originally made out of US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their color and flamboyant decoration.
They have not changed much since their post-war creation, even in the face of an increased access to pre-made vehicles, such as minibuses.
However, due to the government's Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program, Jeepneys and other modes of transportation must comply to the newer Philippine National Standards which is more compliant with international standards.
Older jeepneys have the entrance on the back, and there is space for two people beside the driver (or more if they are small) while the modern jeepneys have to doors on the right side of the vehicle.
The back cab of the Jeepney is equipped with two long bench seats along the sides and the people seated closest to the driver are responsible for passing the fare of new passengers forward to the driver and the change back to the passenger.
The start and end point of the Jeepney route is often a Jeepney terminal, where there is a queue system so only one Jeepney plying a particular route is filled at a time, and where a person helps the driver to collect fares and fill the vehicles with people, usually to more than comfortable capacity.
Preferring to leave only when full and only stop for a crowd of potential passengers, riders can nonetheless disembark at any time; and while jeepneys ply fixed routes, these may be subject to change over time.
Another share taxi that is also common in the Philippines is the UV Express which uses Compact MPVs and vans as its form factor.
An air traveller can contact the shuttle company by telephone or Internet, not necessarily in advance; the company will ensure that a shuttle is provided without unreasonable delay.
The shuttle offers much of the convenience of a taxi, although taking longer, at a price which is significantly lower for one or two passengers.
In many cases the shuttle operator takes the risk of there not being enough passengers to make the trip profitable; in others there is a minimum charge when there are not enough passengers.
Usually there are regulations covering vehicles and drivers; for example in New Zealand under NZTA regulations, shuttles are only allowed to have up to eleven passenger seats, and the driver must have a passenger endorsement (P) on their drivers' licence.
In Cyprus, there are privately owned share taxis that travel to set destinations and board additional passengers en route called service taxis.
Traveling intra and inter-city, the privately owned minibuses or aging Mercedes stretch limos are overseen by a governance institution; routes are leased and vehicles licensed.
Passengers board anywhere along the route (you may have to get the driver to stop if he doesn't honk at you) as well as at termini and official stations.
Usually vans, they drive along set routes, usually depart only when all seats are filled, and may have higher fares than buses.
Operated on behalf of the Netherlands Railways, they run to and from railway stations and the ride is shared with additional passengers picked up along the way.
In 2018 Arriva launched shared taxi service Arriva Click in Liverpool and Sittingbourne and Kent Science Park in the United Kingdom.
In some towns in Northern Ireland, notably certain districts in Ballymena, Belfast, Derry and Newry, share taxi services operate using Hackney carriages and are called black taxis.
Taxi collectives are closely linked with political groups – those operating in Catholic areas with Sinn Féin, those in Protestant areas with loyalist paramilitaries and their political wings.
Service frequencies are typically higher than on bus services, especially at peak times, although limited capacities mean that passengers living close to the termini may find it difficult to find a black taxi with seats available in the rush hour.
In the Dominican Republic, these privately owned vehicles run fixed routes with no designated stops, and the ride is shared with other passengers.
The US Department of State also warns that using them is hazardous, as passengers often have their pockets picked, and are sometimes robbed by the drivers themselves.
They follow fixed routes; won't leave until filled with passengers; and many feature wild colors, portraits of famous people, and intricate, hand-cut wooden window covers.
In the case of the Montréal the fare is the same as local bus fare, but no cash and transfers are issued or accepted; in case of the STL only bus passes.
The Réseau de transport de Longueuil accepts regular RTL tickets and all RTL and some Réseau de transport métropolitain TRAM passes.
They are generally small-capacity vehicles that follow a rough service route, but can go slightly out of their way to pick up and drop off passengers.
While jitneys became fairly common in many other countries, such as the Philippines, they first appeared in the US and Canada.
Similarly, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in the 1920s, jitneys competed directly with the streetcar monopoly operating along the same routes as the streetcars, but jitneys were charging lower fares.
Since the 1973 oil crisis (as well as the mid-20th-century decline in transit service), jitneys have reappeared in some areas of the US, particularly in inner city areas once served by streetcars and private buses.
Along with traditional Bus and Minibus routes in some areas that the regular size buses couldn´t fit due the road and street height and width with small size.
Heavily used share taxi routes often evolve into regulated microbus public transit routes, as has occurred in Mexico City and in Lima.
Modern Paratransit services, also known as demand responsive transport systems in the UK, can provide shared transport services in situations where scheduled services are not viable.
Traditionally these services had to be booked a day in advance, but are becoming increasingly responsive using modern communications systems with a central booking system accessed by phone or internet and instant communications with GPS tracked vehicles.
Some newer taxi share systems now use internet and mobile phone communications for booking and scheduling purposes, with the actual service provided by normal hackney carriage or Private Hire vehicles.
Prospective passengers make bookings and supply destination details using SMS or mobile apps to a central server which aggregates these travel requests and creates packages of trips which are then communicated to drivers.
There are many operators of airport shuttle services between Airports and Hotels around the world that operate on flexible routing and timing to offer a service that is both cheaper than a sole-occupancy taxi and also often more convenient that other forms of public transport.
The requirement to carry luggage offers an added incentive to use such services over scheduled transport which will normally require a walk from the drop-off location to the final destination.
Some operators and/or governments around the world are now offering demand-based shared transport to residents in community with low ridership numbers, which could help maintain the existence of public transport.
was legislation passed by the Congress of the United States and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson that established the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA).
It had been started shortly after November 22, 1963 when evidence in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy increased public alertness to the relative lack of control over the sale and possession of guns in the United States.
The LEAA, which was superseded by the Office of Justice Programs, provided federal grant funding for criminology and criminal justice research, much of which focused on social aspects of crime.
Within that amount, $50 million was earmarked for assistance to local law enforcement agencies, which included funds to deal with riot control and organized crime.
Employers can ban personal phone calls and can monitor calls for compliance provided they stop listening as soon as a personal conversation begins.
§ 3501 with a clear intent to reverse the effect of the court ruling, included a provision in the Crime Control Act directing federal trial judges to admit statements of criminal defendants if they were made voluntarily, without regard to whether he had received the Miranda warnings.
It reasoned, following a paper by University of Utah law professor Paul G. Cassell, that Miranda was not a constitutional requirement, that Congress could therefore overrule it by legislation, and that the provision had supplanted the requirement that police give Miranda warnings.
Dennis Yeats Wheatley (8 January 1897 – 10 November 1977) was an English writer whose prolific output of thrillers and occult novels made him one of the world's best-selling authors from the 1930s through the 1960s.
Wheatley was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant into the Royal Field Artillery during the First World War, receiving his basic training at Biscot Camp in Luton.
Wheatley was gassed in a chlorine attack during Passchendaele and was invalided out, having served in Flanders, on the Ypres Salient, and in France at Cambrai and St. Quentin.
During the Second World War Wheatley was a member of the London Controlling Section, which secretly coordinated strategic military deception and cover plans.
He received a direct commission in the JP Service as a Wing Commander, RAFVR, and took part in the plans for the Normandy invasions.
Over time, each of his major series would include at least one book pitting the hero against some manifestation of the supernatural - making them into fantasy and specifically contemporary fantasy.
He came to be considered an authority on Satanism, the practice of exorcism, and black magic, toward all of which he expressed hostility.
During the 1930s, Wheatley conceived a series of mysteries, presented as case files, including testimonies, letters, and pieces of evidence such as hairs or pills.
The reader had to inspect this evidence to solve the mystery before unsealing the last pages of the file, which gave the answer.
In the 1960s, Hutchinson was selling a million copies of his books per year, and most of his titles were kept available in hardcover.
Wheatley also wrote non-fiction works, including an account of the Russian Revolution, a life of King Charles II of England, and several autobiographical volumes.
These included both occult-themed novels by the likes of Bram Stoker and Aleister Crowley (with whom he once shared a lunch) and non-fiction works on magic, occultism, and divination by authors such as the Theosophist H. P. Blavatsky, the historian Maurice Magre, the magician Isaac Bonewits, and the palm-reader Cheiro.
Two weeks before his death in November 1977, Wheatley received conditional absolution from his old friend Cyril 'Bobby' Eastaugh, the Bishop of Peterborough.
His grandson Dominic Wheatley became one of the co-founders of the software house Domark, which published a number of titles in the 1980s and 1990s.
His protagonists are generally supporters of the monarchy, imperialism and the class system, and many of his villains are villainous because they attack these ideas.
During the winter of 1947, Wheatley penned 'A Letter to Posterity' which he buried in an urn at his country home.
The letter was intended to be discovered some time in the future (it was found in 1969 when the house was demolished for redevelopment of the property).
Employers are now no longer allowed to run their businesses as they think best but have become the bond slaves of socialist state planning.
The school leaving age has been put up to 16, and a 5 day working week has been instituted in the mines, the railways and many other industries.
The doctrine of ensuring every child a good start in life and equal opportunities is fair and right, but the intelligent and the hardworking will always rise above the rest, and it is not a practical proposition that the few should be expected to devote their lives exclusively to making things easy for the majority.
From 1972 to 1977 (the year of his death), 52 of Dennis Wheatley's novels were offered in a uniform hardcover set by Heron Books UK.
Having brought each of his major fictional series to a close with the final Roger Brook novel, Wheatley then turned to his memoirs.
These were announced as five volumes, but never completed, and were eventually published as three books, the (fourth) volume concerning the Second World War issued as a separate title.
Wheatley's literary estate was acquired by media company Chorion in April 2008, and several titles were reissued in Wordsworth paperback editions.
When Chorion encountered financial problems in 2012, the Rights House and PFD acquired four crime estates from them, including the Wheatley titles.
All titles in this list (up to the end of the 'Short Story Collection' section) were made available in the 1970s 'Heron' hardback edition, except for the titles marked with an 'X'.
Salem was founded in 1772 by early Moravian settlers who held the view that girls deserved an education comparable to that afforded boys.
Among the town's early residents were 16 girls and women who traveled, mostly on foot, more than 500 miles from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to join the new community.
One of them was 17-year-old Elisabeth Oesterlein, who would be the first teacher of what is now Salem Academy and College.
The school grew considerably throughout the 19th century both in size and course offerings, with college-level courses being offered in the 1860s.
Despite such travails as the American Civil War and a measles epidemic in the 1800s, the Academy has never closed its doors in the more than two centuries since those first classes were held.
Founded by the Moravian Church, Salem Academy is now an independent institution that retains some of the traditions of the church.
Salem's mission is shaped by Moravian beliefs that have stressed the importance of education and learning as central to their mission for centuries.
Other Moravian traditions still practiced at the school include the senior vespers held at the end of every fall term, which includes a Moravian Lovefeast.
Salem Academy is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools and is fully accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
All US applicants are required to send middle school transcripts and teacher recommendations, and must take the Secondary School Admission Test (SSAT).
International students from countries such as Germany, South Korea, Trinidad, Albania, Dominica, Lithuania, the United Kingdom, the Bahamas, and China make up nearly one-quarter of the student body each school year.
Recent graduates have enrolled at top colleges and universities, including Duke University; the University of Southern California; the University of California, Los Angeles; Pennsylvania State University; Washington University in St. Louis; UNC Chapel Hill; Williams College; NYU Tisch School of the Arts; and Salem College.
Salem requires 20 academic credits required for graduation, including four in English, three in a world language, four in mathematics, three in history, and three in science, plus requirements in physical education, religion, and fine arts.
Small class size, averaging 13-14 students per class, and low student to faculty ratio (7:1) allows Salem's superb faculty to know all their students due to the intimate learning environment.
Salem's small classes characterized by lively discussions and debates; each girl has the opportunity to be known and a chance to be heard.
Each student is assigned a faculty advisor to assist the student in the selection of her courses, serve as a liaison between the student and her teachers, consult with parents about academic and related problems, and review and discuss all grades.
While an advisor has many duties, foremost is that of being the student's friend—the adult who talks with her, helps her, and is her advocate.
Jan Term is a three-week mini-term that gives students opportunities to pursue internships, enroll in special classes, and travel both in the United States and abroad.
For the first two years most students spend January Term on campus in focused classes or programs that allow each student to further explore her interests.
Juniors and Seniors pursue internships outside of Salem where they can gain first hand knowledge of topics and careers of interest.
In February, the Athletic Council holds a bonfire where students gather around a large fire on the athletic fields to roast hotdogs, make smores, and drink hot chocolate.
The ceremony involves faculty and staff sharing personal messages and the Dean of Students reading letters from alumnae with well wishes and advice for current students.
The school colors are purple and gold and the entire school is divided into two school spirit teams—the purple team and the gold team.
The presidents of both the Freshman and Senior classes, along with a previously elected Freshman prepare speeches and speak to the crowd.
The morning is concluded by the seniors acting out skits and singing the senior song to the other students, faculty, and staff during an outdoor luncheon.
Starting with the Class of 2008, if the seniors wish to mention a teacher in the skit, they must ask for the approval of the mentioned teacher, due to past incidents of faculty members feeling insulted by the content of the skits.
Senior skits portray what their four years were like, highlight ongoing inside class jokes, and remember the most absurd events their class experienced together.
The seniors lead a Moravian Lovefeast, which is a candlelight choral service in which students sing Christmas carols and seniors serve coffee and buns in the Moravian tradition.
The Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross also known as the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross or Vietnam Cross of Gallantry () is a military decoration of the former Government of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam).
The medal was created on August 15, 1950 and was awarded to military personnel, civilians, and Armed Forces units and organizations in recognition of deeds of valor or heroic conduct while in combat with the enemy.
Individuals who received the medal, ribbon, and a citation were personally cited at the Armed Forces, Corps, Division, Brigade or Regiment level.
The Republic of Vietnam authorized members of units and organizations that were cited, to wear the Gallantry Cross Unit Citation Emblem with Palm and Frame (no medal is authorized).
The center of the cross contains a disc with the outline of the country of Vietnam between two palm branches joined at the bottom.
The suspension ribbon of the medal is 35 mm wide and is made up of the following stripes: 9 mm of Old Glory Red; 17 mm center stripe in Golden Yellow.
The devices to the Gallantry Cross are not worn simultaneously but instead are upgraded to the next higher device which would replace the previous device for wear on the decoration.
U.S. Marine Corps uniform regulations in 2003 state the recipient should wear only one Gallantry Cross award (medal or ribbon bar) regardless of the number received.
The Gallantry Cross was awarded to members of all military branches, as well as service members of foreign and allied militaries.
The Unit Citation Emblem of the colors of the Gallantry Cross is awarded to personnel in the South Vietnamese military and Allied military units that have been cited and presented a decoration which is prescribed to be awarded on a collective basis.
Known as the Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation with Palm (Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm and Frame Unit Citation), the Unit Citation Emblem in the colors of the Gallantry Cross with Palm, was created on January 20, 1968 and was issued with the Gallantry Cross ribbon bar with a by inch bronze palm and a gold frame.
The former South Vietnamese military awarded the Gallantry Cross to specific military units that distinguished themselves to the same level as would be required for the individual award.
Regulations for the issuance of the Vietnam Gallantry Cross permit the wearing of both the individual and unit award simultaneously since both are considered separate awards.
The Gallantry Cross became the most commonly awarded Vietnamese decoration to foreigners, second only to the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.
Department of the Army message 111030Z from April 1974, established the policy that only one emblem for a unit award was authorized to be worn at a time.
The United States military began authorizing the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross in March 1968 with retroactive presentation of the decoration to 1961.
The National Personnel Records Center-NPRC (or veteran's service branch), is the U.S. federal agency that generally takes and responds to retroactive award requests from U.S. Army veterans (and other Vietnam veterans) and or updating their personal military records to show the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross (RVN) and or unit award credit, either per Army General Order 8 or per unit specific awards.
The full medal and or unit citation award are both considered foreign military awards and are not issued to Vietnam veterans (or their NOK) by the NPRC (or any of the United States military services).
Once requested (USN-USMC name of the unit award must be used by those veterans) and authorized, the veteran (or NOK) will be notified by mail to purchase the award(s) at most U.S. military installations, military clothing sales or private military insignia and Internet dealers.
This is a list of postal codes in Canada where the first letter is M. Postal codes beginning with M are located within the city of Toronto in the province of Ontario.
Canada Post provides a free postal code look-up tool on its website, via its applications for such smartphones as the iPhone and BlackBerry, and sells hard-copy directories and CD-ROMs.
Note: There are no rural FSAs in Toronto, hence no postal codes should start with M0, however, the postal code M0R 8T0 is assigned to an Amazon (company) warehouse in Mississauga, suggesting that Canada Post may be allocating the M0 FSA for high volume addresses.
The comic is copyrighted by WangZ Inc, a company established by Joseph Wong Chak (Alfonso Wong's eldest son) in Taipei, Taiwan.
Supporting characters include Big Potato (Old Master Q's identically-dressed contemporary with a stumpy, big-headed build), Mr. Chin ('ordinary Joe' character, good friends with Old Master Q and Potato), and Mr. Chao (main antagonist to Old Master Q, often pranking each other).
The overall theme of the comics centres around humour, with characters usually portrayed in a variety of social statuses, professions and time periods, ranging from beggars and office workers to actors and ancient warriors, which allows for a wide variety of scenarios to explore.
While each comic is typically produced as short strips of four, six or twelve panels, longer comics have been produced revolving around lengthier adventures of the main cast pitted again gangsters in modern Hong Kong or warriors in a wuxia setting.
While Old Master Q comics primarily focuses on humour, it also reflects changing social trends, particularly from the 1960s to the 1980s.
The language barrier between the Chinese language and the English language is also depicted in some comic strips, illustrated with Old Master Q's difficulty communicating with foreigners, especially Westerners.
The comics have, on rare occasions, expressed serious views on major political changes taking place in Hong Kong during the 1960s-1980s.
It had previously criticised overly Westernised Chinese, who were often shown in the comic strips kowtowing to Western interests over the local Chinese interests.
The run-up to the handover of Hong Kong to China following the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 also became a point of interest, as a few comic strips were published through the late 1980s and early 1990s expressing the characters' fears of handover, frequently represented in a numeral of the year it would take place: 1997.
Some of these comic strips also depict direct assault of representations of the Chinese government and the Communist Party of China, occasionally in the form of caricatured depictions of Deng Xiaoping.
The handover was later depicted in more a positive light in the years leading to the actual event, possibly representing a changing perspective from the author.
The comic series was made into many Cantonese and Mandarin cartoon animations, one of which combined live actors and advanced CGI graphics.
Some cartoonists and readers claim that the idea of Old Master Q was actually created by Peng Di (朋弟) in the late 1930s and not Alfonso Wong.
A writer from Tianjin published a book in 2001 containing samples of work by Peng Di, which displayed the resemblance between Peng Di and Alfonso Wong's works.
The result of this dispute remains unclear as WangZ Inc. has denied all plagiarism accusations, while a considerable number of mostly professional cartoonists insist that Peng Di's ideas were stolen by Alfonso Wong.
In the years after the 1969 appointment of Louis Erlo as general director, many innovative productions and premieres of both French operas and Twentieth Century operas have been staged.
Two significant French artists who have been associated with the Opéra in recent years are the stage director, Laurent Pelly, and the soprano, Natalie Dessay.
Past principal conductors at the company have included André Cluytens, John Eliot Gardiner, Kent Nagano, Louis Langrée, Iván Fischer, and Kazushi Ono.
Nevertheless, the theatre soon became too small and the architects Chenavard and Pollet rebuilt a brand new one in a neo-classical style in 1830.
At the beginning of the 1980s, out of age and not meeting the needs any more, the Opera had to be renewed.
On the opera house front wall, 8 muses have been kept in place (Uranie, the 9th one was removed to respect the symmetry of the building).
Georges Dumézil (; 4 March 1898 – 11 October 1986, Paris) was a French comparative philologist best known for his analysis of sovereignty and power in Proto-Indo-European religion and society.
He is considered one of the major contributors to mythography, in particular for his formulation of the trifunctional hypothesis of social class in ancient societies.
During his time in secondary school, he was also influenced by Michel Bréal, a leading French philologist who was the grandfather of one of his classmates.
By the time that he entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1916, he was already on the road to studying linguistics and the classics.
The dissertation was controversial because some of the examiners, such as Henri Hubert, thought that Dumézil took liberty with the facts to generate a more beautiful interpretation (that was a common criticism of Dumézil's work).
Feeling that he had little place in the French academy, Dumézil moved to Turkey in 1925 to teach at the University of Istanbul, created as part of Kemal Atatürk's attempt to create a modern, secular nation.
In 1931, he took another position, in Uppsala, Sweden, which allowed him to improve his skills in the Germanic stock of Indo-European.
In 1935 he left Uppsala to take up a chair of Comparative Religion of Indo-European Peoples at the prestigious École Pratique des Hautes Études.
He was named a professor at the Collège de France in 1949, and was finally elected to the Académie française in 1978 thanks to the patronage of his colleague and fellow student of myth, Claude Lévi-Strauss.
Michel Foucault, for instance, benefitted from his patronage when Dumézil arranged for him to teach temporarily in Uppsala early on in his career.
Georges Charachidzé, a historian and linguist of Georgian origin under Dumézil's tutelage, became a noted specialist of the Caucasian cultures and aided Dumézil in the reconstruction of the Ubykh language.
Many themes of Dumézil's work have continued influence in ancient religious studies: his impulse to comparative study, and his basic insight that polytheistic gods must be studied not simply by themselves but in the pairs and the ensembles in which their worshippers grouped them.
The scholars Arnaldo Momigliano, Carlo Ginzburg, and Lincoln argue that Dumézil was in favor of a traditional hierarchical order in Europe (e.g.
three estates), that his Indo-European dualism and tripartite ideology may be also related to Italian and French fascist ideas and that he was in favor of French fascism (e.g.
Tab Hunter (born Arthur Andrew Kelm; July 11, 1931 – July 8, 2018) was an American actor, singer, film producer and author.
He appeared in over 40 films and was a well-known Hollywood star and heartthrob of the 1950s and 1960s, known for his blond, clean-cut good looks.
He was raised in California living with his mother, brother, and maternal grandparents, John Henry and Ida (née Sonnenfleth) Gelien, living in San Francisco, Long Beach and Los Angeles.<ref name=nyt2003/09/09></ref> His mother re-assumed her maiden surname, Gelien, and changed her sons’ surnames, as well.
It was based on a bestseller by Leon Uris and became Warner Bros.' largest grossing film of that year, cementing Hunter's position as one of Hollywood's top young romantic leads.
The innuendo-laced article, and a second one focusing on Rory Calhoun's prison record, were the result of a deal Henry Willson had brokered with the scandal rag in exchange for not revealing the sexual orientation of his more prominent client, Rock Hudson, to the public.
A few months later, he was named Most Promising New Personality in a nationwide poll sponsored by the Council of Motion Picture Organizations.
Hunter rejected the third picture, thus ending Warners' attempt to make Hunter and Wood the William Powell and Myrna Loy of the 1950s.
His success prompted Jack L. Warner to enforce the actor's contract with the Warner Bros. studio by banning Dot Records, the label for which Hunter had recorded the single (and which was owned by rival Paramount Pictures), from releasing a follow-up album he had recorded for them.
The film had originally been a Broadway musical, but Hunter was the only one in the film version who had not appeared in the original cast.
Hunter later said the filming was hellish because director George Abbott was only interested in recreating the stage version word for word.
It was a hit in the United Kingdom, where it ranked as one of the most watched situation comedies of the year.
As of June 2018, a feature film about Hunter was in development at Paramount Pictures to be produced by Glaser, J. J. Abrams and Zachary Quinto.
Hunter had long-term relationships with actor Anthony Perkins and champion figure skater Ronnie Robertson before settling down and marrying his partner / spouse of over 35 years, film producer Allan Glaser.
Hunter has a star for his contributions to the music industry on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6320 Hollywood Blvd.
Three days before his 87th birthday, Hunter died after suffering cardiac arrest which arose from complications related to deep vein thrombosis.
It was founded in 1914 as a citizens' university, which means it was founded and funded by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt.
In 1932, the university's name was extended in honour of one of the most famous native sons of Frankfurt, the poet, philosopher and writer/dramatist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The historical roots of the university can be traced back as far as 1484, when a City Council Library was established with a bequest from the patrician Ludwig von Marburg.
The university has been best known historically for its Institute for Social Research (founded 1924), the institutional home of the Frankfurt School, a preeminent 20th century school of philosophy and social thought.
Some of the well-known scholars associated with this school include Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas, as well as Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, and Walter Benjamin .
Other well-known scholars at the University of Frankfurt include the sociologist Karl Mannheim, the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer, the philosophers of religion Franz Rosenzweig, Martin Buber, and Paul Tillich, the psychologist Max Wertheimer, and the sociologist Norbert Elias .
The University of Frankfurt has at times been considered liberal, or left-leaning, and has had a reputation for Jewish and Marxist (or even Jewish-Marxist) scholarship .
The university also has been influential in the natural sciences and medicine, with Nobel Prize winners including Max von Laue and Max Born, and breakthroughs such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment.
In recent years, the university has focused in particular on law, history, and economics, creating new institutes, such as the Institute for Law and Finance (ILF) and the Center for Financial Studies (CFS) .
One of the university's ambitions is to become Germany's leading university for finance and economics, given the school's proximity to one of Europe's financial centers.
On 30 May 2008, the House of Finance relocated to a new building designed by the architects Kleihues+Kleihues, following the style of the IG Farben Building.
The upper floors of the House of Finance building have several separate offices as well as shared office space for researchers and students.
The ground floor is open to the public and welcomes visitors with a spacious, naturally lit foyer that leads to lecture halls, seminar rooms, and the information center, a 24-hour reference library.
The floors, walls and ceiling of the foyer are decorated with a grid design that is continued throughout the entire building.
The Goethe Business School is a graduate business school at the university, established in 2004, part of the House of Finance at the Westend Campus.
The Chairman of the Board at GBS, Rolf E. Breuer, is former Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank .
The Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics honors renowned researchers who have made influential contributions to the fields of finance and money and macroeconomics, and whose work has led to practical and policy-relevant results.
The award carries an endowment of €50,000, which is donated by the Stiftungsfonds Deutsche Bank im Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft.
After a specimen was found in a Lisbon museum, a survey was made on São Nicolau island in 1998 and some individuals were found there.
In 2004 a further population was discovered on Fogo island and further survey found it was widespread across the north of the island up to altitudes of about 1,300 m. On Santiago it can be found across the whole island, including in Barragem de Poilão, S. Jorge, Serra Malagueta, Rui Vaz and Tarrafal.
Although previously thought to be mainly restricted to woodland and scrub, it is now reported from a wider range of habitats including well-vegetated valleys, reedbeds, cultivated land and around water sources such as dams.
The population trend of the Cape Verde warbler is thought to be declining, probably because of habitat destruction and the droughts that have beset the islands.
With its restricted range and relatively small population, this bird has been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a vulnerable species.
Make Trax, known in Japan as , is a 1981 arcade game developed by Alpha Denshi and published by Kural Samno Electric in Japan.
Two fish – one yellow, the other light-blue – emerge from separate aquariums to pursue the paintbrush around the board, and if either of the fish succeeds in making contact with the paintbrush, the player loses one of three lives.
To use them, the player positions the paintbrush on its forward end, waits for either or both of the fish to approach, then pushes the paintbrush along the roller, attacking the fish.
The fish is removed from the maze for a few seconds, then returns to one of the aquariums and resumes its pursuit of the paintbrush.
A third character, appearing to be an animal, rolling tire, or invisible man depending on the level, may enter the maze and leave tracks that must be painted over in order for the board to be completed.
The player can limit the damage by running over the figure, which not only stops further tracks from being left but also awards the player a score, which progressively increases as more boards are cleared.
The Opéra de Monte-Carlo is an opera house, which is part of the Monte Carlo Casino located in the Principality of Monaco.
With the lack of cultural diversions available in Monaco in the 1870s, Prince Charles III, along with the Société des bains de mer, decided to include a concert hall as part of the casino.
The main public entrance to the hall was from the casino, while Charles III's private entrance was on the western side.
The Salle Garnier is much smaller, seating 524, compared to about 2,000 for the Palais Garnier, and unlike the Paris theatre, which was started in 1861 and only completed in 1875, the Salle Garnier was constructed in only eight and a half months.
Nevertheless, its ornate style was heavily influenced by that of the Palais Garnier, and many of the same artists worked on both theatres.
Although the Monte Carlo theatre was not originally intended for opera, it was soon used frequently for that purpose and was remodeled in 1898–99 by Henri Schmit, primarily in the stage area, to make it more suitable for opera.
With the influence of the first director, Jules Cohen (who was instrumental in bringing Adelina Patti) and the fortunate combination of Raoul Gunsbourg, the new director from 1892, and Princess Alice, the opera-loving American wife of Charles III's successor, Albert I, the company was thrust onto the world's opera community stage.
This production formed part of a long association between the company and Massenet and his operas, two of which were presented there posthumously.
Other famous twentieth-century singers to appear at Monte Carlo included Titta Ruffo, Geraldine Farrar, Mary Garden, Tito Schipa, Beniamino Gigli, Claudia Muzio, Georges Thill, Lily Pons, and Mary McCormic.
The first occasion was in 1966 for the celebration of centenary of Monte-Carlo hosted by Grace Kelly and Rainier III; the second was for the royal wedding of Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene.
The Opéra was transformed for the third time on 27 July 2013 to host the Love Ball, a fundraising gala event organised by the Naked Heart Foundation.
Viadrina European University (, hence its frequent appearance as European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) in English) is a university located at Frankfurt (Oder) in Brandenburg, Germany.
With 5,200 students — around 1,000 of whom come from Poland — and some 160 teaching staff, the Viadrina is one of Germany's smallest universities (only the University of Erfurt and Jacobs University Bremen have fewer students).
The foundation stone was laid already in 1498 at the site of a demolished synagogue; a foundation charter was issued by Pope Alexander VI in the same year.
One of its earliest chancellors, Bishop Georg von Blumenthal (1490–1550) was a vigorous opponent of the Protestant Reformation and did his utmost to expel Lutherans such as Jodocus Willich.
After the ruling House of Hohenzollern had converted to Calvinism, the 'Great Elector' Frederick William and his governor Prince John Maurice of Nassau-Siegen in 1655 founded the University of Duisburg, a Reformed college in the Duchy of Cleves.
While damages of the Thirty Years' War still had to be repaired, he had a botanical garden laid out next to the university premises.
In 1736 the eminent jurist Johann Jakob Moser was called to head the Faculty of Law at the university, but had to leave after three years due to his thoroughly Liberal ideas which were disliked by the Prussian king Frederick William I.
In the course of the Prussian Reforms during the Napoleonic Wars, the University of Frankfurt was moved to Breslau (present-day Wrocław, Poland) in 1811.
The merger included the transfer of the comprehensive library stocks, then with more than 28,000 volumes the second largest in Prussia after the Königsberg State and University Library collection, up the Oder river by boat.
It was hardly damaged in World War II and first used as a home for refugees from the former eastern territories.
Famous students at the historical Viadrina included the philosopher Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523) and the theologian and political leader Thomas Müntzer (c.1489–1525), the musician Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788), the physicians Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) and Johann Gottlieb Walter (1734–1818), Wilhelm (1767–1836) and Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), as well as the poet Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811).
A prime focus of the educational program is to attract students from throughout Europe in order to create a multinational student body.
The university's former president, Professor Gesine Schwan, ran for President of Germany both in 2004 and 2009, being narrowly defeated by Horst Köhler twice.
Zhang Zuolin () (19 March 18754 June 1928) was an influential Chinese bandit, soldier and warlord during the Warlord Era in China.
The warlord of Manchuria from 1916 to 1928, and the military dictator of the Republic of China in 1927 and 1928, he rose from banditry to power and influence, only to be thwarted by the excesses of his own ambition and his erstwhile backers, the Japanese Kwantung Army.
Backed by Japan, Zhang successfully influenced politics in the Republic of China during the early 1920s, invaded China proper in October 1924 during the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, and gained control of Peking, including the internationally recognized government, in April 1926.
His appointment as grand marshal of the Republic of China in June 1927 represented the height of his success, but was quickly followed by defeat: the economy of Manchuria, the basis of his power, was overtaxed by his adventurism and collapsed in the winter of 1927; and he was defeated by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in May 1928.
Leaving Beijing in early June to return to Manchuria, he was killed by a bomb planted by infuriated Kwantung officers on 4 June 1928; his brief reign presaged the end of Chinese warlordism by December.
Zhang was born in 1875 in Haicheng, a county in southern Fengtian province (modern Liaoning) in northeastern China, to poor parents.
He received little formal education, and the only non-military trade that he learned in his lifetime was a small amount of veterinary science.
When he became old enough to work, he got a job at a stable in an inn, where he became familiar with many bandit gangs operating in Manchuria at the time.
At the end of the Qing dynasty Zhang managed to have his men recognised as a regiment of the regular Chinese army, patrolling the borders of Manchuria and suppressing other bandit gangs.
The American surgeon Louis Livingston Seaman met Zhang during the Russo-Japanese War, and took several photographs of him and his troops as well as writing an account of his journey.
Yuan Shikai, operating out of Beijing, sent other northern military commanders a series of telegrams, advising them to oppose Sun's administration.
To gain Zhang's loyalty, Yuan sent him a large shipment of military provisions; Zhang sent Yuan an enormous (and costly) ginseng root in return to symbolize their friendship.
When it became obvious to Zhang that Yuan would usurp control of the central government, he endorsed Yuan's rule over that of either Sun or the Manchus.
In 1913 Yuan attempted to move Zhang away from Manchuria by having him transferred to Mongolia, but Zhang reminded Yuan of his successful efforts to keep local order, and refused.
In 1915, when it became clear that Yuan intended to declare himself emperor, Zhang was one of the few officials who supported him.
In March 1916, after many southern provinces revolted against Yuan Shikai's government, Zhang supported him but expelled a local military governor sent by Duan Qirui to replace him, with some support from local Japanese officers in the Kwantung Army.
After Yuan died in June 1916, the new central government named Zhang both military and civil governor of Liaoning, the essential components of a successful warlord.
Zhang, a pragmatist, had always remained cordial with Puyi, the last Emperor of China, and had sent him a gift of £1,600 for his wedding as a token of loyalty.
Zhang sought good relations with Puyi in order to increase his power and cement his legitimacy if a restoration was ever attempted.
In 1917 he plotted with Zhang Xun, a Qing-loyalist general, to restore the abdicated Puyi to the throne.. Zhang Zuolin proposed talking to the National Assembly about a possible restoration .
After Zhang Xun rebelled, Zhang Zuolin remained neutral and actually supported Duan Qirui in suppressing Zhang Xun after it became clear that Duan would win.
Because the governor of Jilin province had been linked to the attempt to restore the monarchy, Zhang had allies from Jilin successfully agitate for the governor's dismissal in Beijing.
He began to surround himself in luxury, building a chateau-style home near Shenyang, and had at least five wives (an accepted practice of any powerful or wealthy Chinese at the time).
His power rested on the Fengtian Army, which was composed of about 100,000 men in 1922 and almost triple that number by the end of the decade.
It had obtained large stocks of weapons left over from World War I and included naval units, an air force and an armaments industry.
Zhang integrated a large number of local militias into his army, and thus prevented Manchuria from falling into the chaos which reigned in China proper at the time.
Jilin province was ruled by a military governor, who was said to be a cousin of Zhang; Heilongjiang had its own regional warlord, who never displayed any ambitions outside the province.
Although Manchuria officially remained a part of the Republic of China, it became more or less an independent kingdom isolated from China by its geography and protected by the Fengtian Army.
In a time when the central government was barely able to pay the salaries of its civil servants; no more revenues were forwarded to Beijing.
In 1922 Zhang took control of the only rail link, the Beijing–Shenyang Railway, north of the Great Wall and also kept tax revenues from this railroad.
Only postal and customs revenues continued to be sent to Beijing, because they had been pledged to the victorious foreign powers after the failed Boxer Rebellion of 1900, and Zhang feared their intervention.
The line of the Chinese Eastern Railway, which was under Russian control, ran through northern Manchuria and the land immediately on either side of the tracks was considered to be Russian territory.
From 1917 to about 1924 the new Communist government in Moscow was having such difficulties establishing itself in Siberia that often it was not clear who was in charge of operating the railway on the Russian side.
The situation's precariousness was demonstrated by an outbreak of pneumonic plague in Hailar, a town at the western end of the Chinese Eastern Railway, in October 1920.
The soldiers freed some of their comrades who had been imprisoned as contacts, and they escaped to the mining town of Dalainor on the Amur River, where a quarter of the population died.
After the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 they had gained two important outposts in south Manchuria: The Guandong (Kwantung) Leased Territory consisted of a peninsula in the southernmost part of Manchuria.
Reaching northward from the colony, the South Manchurian Railway passed through Shenyang (referred to as Mukden by the Japanese), linking up with the Chinese Eastern Railway in Changchun.
This army maintained 7,000-14,000 men in Manchuria, tolerating and being tolerated by the Fengtian Army, although Zhang kept up a war of words, playing on anti-Japanese sentiments in the Chinese public.
At the beginning of the 1920s Zhang transformed Manchuria from an unimportant frontier region to one of the most prosperous parts of China.
He had inherited a financially weak provincial governmentin 1917 Fengtian faced ten outstanding loans from foreign-controlled consortia and banks totaling over 12 million yuan.
Zhang chose Wang Yongjiang, who had served as head of a regional tax office, for the task of solving Fengtian's financial problems.
A number of currencies were circulating in the province, as was the custom in China, and the paper notes issued by the provincial government had experienced a steady depreciation in value.
Wang decided to switch to a silver standard and set the initial value of the new silver yuan equal to the Japanese gold yen, which was accepted throughout Korea and Manchuria.
Much to the surprise of the Chinese, the new currency even gained in value against the gold yen, although Japanese businessmen claimed that it was not backed up by sufficient silver reserves.
Wang then used the newly gained credibility to introduce another note, the Fengtian dollar, which was not convertible into silver anymore.
Because of his former job, he was well acquainted with the abuses of the system and introduced a number of controls.
From 1918 revenues rose steadily, and by 1921 all outstanding loans had been repaid and there was even a budget surplus.
In 1919 France had left Renault FT tanks in Vladivostok after the joint Allied intervention, and Zhang Zuolin soon incorporated them into the Manchurian Army.
In the summer of 1920, Zhang made a foray into North China on the other side of the Great Wall, trying to topple Duan Qirui, the leading warlord of Beijing.
In December 1921, Zhang visited Beijing; at his request, the entire cabinet, led by Jin Yunpeng, resigned, leaving him free to appoint a new government.
Now a figure of national prominence, he quickly came into conflict with Wu Peifu, a divisional commander of the North China Zhili clique, which was based in the province of Zhili that surrounded Beijing.
In the spring of 1922 Zhang personally took the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Fengtian Army, and on 19 April his forces entered China proper.
On 4 May the Fengtian Army were seriously defeated by the Zhili Army in what came to be known as the First Zhili–Fengtian War.
Zhili forces were in control of Beijing, Zhang's image as a national leader had been destroyed and he reacted by declaring Manchuria independent from Beijing in May 1922.
Zhang gave in, lifted martial law and agreed to a separation of civil and military administration in all of the three provinces.
As an incentive, they were made eligible for reduced fares on all Chinese-owned railways in Manchuria, received funds to build a dwelling and were promised total ownership after five years of continuous occupation.
An especially ambitious project was to break the Japanese monopoly on cotton textiles by creating a large mill, which, much to Japan's sorrow, succeeded.
In 1924 Wang amalgamated three regional banks into the Official Bank of the Three Eastern Provinces, and became its General Director.
After the disastrous defeat of 1922, Zhang had reorganized his Fengtian Army, started a training program and bought new equipment, including mobile radios and machine guns.
By August 1925 the Fengtian Army controlled four large provinces within the Great Wall (Zhili—where Beijing was located, but not Beijing itself—Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui).
However, the military situation was so unstable that Sun Chuanfang, a Zhili clique warlord whose sphere of influence extended along the Yangtze, managed to push back the Fengtian Army again.
An extremely serious crisis erupted when, in November 1925, Guo Songling revolted and ordered his troops to turn back and march on Shenyang.
The Japanese brought in reinforcements to protect their interests in Manchuria, but Zhang managed to put down the revolt in December.
Even more seriously, Wang Yongjiang, now the civil governor of Manchuria, realized that his work of nine years had been in vain.
Before his death from kidney failure on 1 November 1927, Wang, totally disillusioned, did not reply when Zhang asked him to return, severing all connections with Zhang.
With the loss of his financial expert, Zhang took drastic action: in March 1926 he appointed a new governor, whose only job was to supply the Fengtian Army with large amounts of money.
The best indicator of Manchuria's economic decline was the value of the Fengtian dollar (yuan), which had started on parity with the Japanese gold yen: by February 1928, 40 yuan was equivalent to 1 gold yen.
Instead, a year later, with Kuomintang forces rapidly closing in, he combined his military forces with those of the other warlords, including Zhang Zongchang and Sun Chuanfang, and fought against the Northern Expedition.
At the same time, he proclaimed himself Grand Marshal of the Republic of China, and thus led China's internationally recognized government as a dictator.
However, the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek attacked his forces and in May 1928 the Fengtian Army had to retreat towards Beijing.
In addition, Japan applied pressure on Zhang to leave Beijing and return to Manchuria, and underscored this by bringing reinforcements to Tianjin.
In what came to be known as the Huanggutun incident, Col. Kōmoto Daisaku, an officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army, planted a bomb along a railroad bridge, which exploded when Zhang's train passed under it; mortally wounded, Zhang died a few hours later.
At the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal in 1946, Okada Keisuke testified that Zhang was murdered because the Kwantung Army was infuriated by his failure to stop Chiang's army, which was backed by Moscow; Tokyo's strategic rival.
The government-in-exile would not last very long: by July, Beiyang reached an armistice with the KMT; and by the end of the year, the Northeast Flag Replacement occurred, nominally reunifying China under the Kuomintang banner.
Zhang had two wives and 14 children (8 sons and 6 daughters), among which include his son and successor, Zhang Xueliang, as well as Zhang Xueming.
A pragmatist, Zhang supported different movements depending on what would gain him the most power and legitimacy, and even supported the restoration of the Qing dynasty in 1917.
He was the first-choice captain of the Finland national team between 1996 and 2008 in an international career that ran from 1989 to 2010.
Litmanen is widely considered to be Finland's greatest football player of all time He was chosen as the best Finnish player of the last 50 years by the Football Association of Finland in the UEFA Jubilee Awards in November 2003.
During his club career, Litmanen represented Reipas, HJK, MyPa and Lahti in Finland, and Ajax, Barcelona, Liverpool, Hansa Rostock and Malmö FF abroad.
Once considered one of the best attacking midfielders in the world, he became the first Finnish footballing superstar while playing for Ajax in the mid-1990s, winning the Champions League in 1995, the peak year of his career.
His later career was marred by injuries, and he was unable to repeat the success of his Ajax years either at Barcelona or Liverpool, often finding himself on the bench, despite some impressive performances for the latter.
A year later, he joined MyPa, where he was coached by Harri Kampman, who later introduced him to his agent, the late Heikki Marttinen.
Litmanen did not win any medals in the Finnish league, but he did win the Finnish Cup with MyPa in July 1992 in a 2–0 win over FF Jaro in the final at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium.
A number of European clubs, including Barcelona, Leeds United and PSV, had shown an interest in him, but in the end it was Ajax that bought him.
The Ajax manager Louis van Gaal was apparently not overly impressed with him, but the team physiotherapist suggested using him as a stand-in for Dennis Bergkamp, who was injured at the time.
Van Gaal liked what he saw, and knowing that Bergkamp was about to leave for Internazionale, he announced that Litmanen would be Bergkamp's successor, something that people in Litmanen's native Finland found difficult to believe.
This turned out to be true, however, and he inherited from Bergkamp the famous number 10 shirt, which is often given to playmakers.
He went on to score 26 goals in the 1993–94 season, becoming the league's top scorer, and leading Ajax to the title.
Litmanen was one of the star players of Van Gaal's team that won three consecutive Dutch championships and reached the UEFA Champions League final twice in a row.
From the beginning of the 1994–95 season to the middle of the 1995–96 season, Ajax went undefeated in both the Eredivisie (a run of 52 games) and the Champions League (19 games).
When Ajax beat Milan in the 1995 Champions League final, Litmanen became the first Finnish player to win the European Cup/Champions League.
In 1995–96, he was the Champions League top scorer with nine goals, including the equaliser in the final against Juventus, which Ajax lost on penalties.
In 1995, he also won the Intercontinental Cup against Grêmio and came third in the voting for the Ballon d'Or (European Footballer of the Year), having finished eighth the previous year.
Litmanen spent seven years in Amsterdam, winning four Dutch championships and three KNVB Cups, and scored a total of 129 goals, 91 of them in the league.
He is the club's top scorer in European competition with 26 goals in 54 matches (including two goals scored in the 2002–03 season).
Litmanen has the honour of being one of just three players presented in a special video featurette at the Ajax Museum.
In 1999, Litmanen was reunited with Louis van Gaal at Barcelona, one of several former Ajax players recruited by Van Gaal in his time as manager.
Litmanen also failed to adapt to his new conditions, and he was one of the players dropped by Van Gaal that winter.
After an unsuccessful season, Van Gaal was replaced by Lorenzo Serra Ferrer, and Litmanen was frozen out of the team, losing the number 10 shirt to Rivaldo, although he remained at the club until January 2001, when he moved to Liverpool on a free transfer.
He wanted to wear the number seven shirt as worn by his boyhood hero Kenny Dalglish, but this had already been taken by Vladimír Šmicer.
Litmanen made a good start at Liverpool but broke his wrist playing for Finland against England at Anfield in late March 2001 and missed the rest of the season.
The following season, he was used sparingly by Houllier but did score goals against Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal, Aston Villa and Fulham in the Premier League and against Dynamo Kyiv, Roma and Bayer Leverkusen in the Champions League.
Litmanen was again given permission to move clubs for free after the 2001–02 season, having scored a total of 9 goals in 43 official matches during his one and a half seasons at the club.
He was one of the key players as Ajax reached the quarter-finals of the 2002–03 Champions League, but he continued to be plagued by injuries, and much of the following season was once again spent on the sidelines.
Litmanen, however, moved to German Bundesliga strugglers Hansa Rostock in January 2005, but he was unable to prevent them being relegated, which ended his stint at the club.
Litmanen joined the Swedish club Malmö FF in July 2005 in an attempt to help them qualify for the Champions League.
He decided to continue his career with Malmö in 2006 but was again sidelined with a number of injuries for much of the season.
After an operation to repair a damaged ankle during the winter break, Malmö decided to extend his contract over the 2007 season, but an ankle injury suffered in June 2007 forced Litmanen to cancel it.
In January 2008, Litmanen received a ten-day trial invitation from Fulham under former Finland manager Roy Hodgson, and was signed on 31 January 2008 together with fellow countryman Toni Kallio.
Litmanen eventually made his debut for Fulham in a reserve-team match against Tottenham on 31 March 2008, but he was released in May of the same year without playing a single game for the first team.
On 8 August 2008, it was announced that Litmanen would join his former club Lahti of the Finnish Premier Division for the remainder of the 2008 season.
Although he only played 34 minutes in his first match, he scored twice and provided the passes for two other goals.
He played an important role in helping Lahti to finish third in the league and qualify for Europe for the first time in the club's history.
Litmanen scored his first European goal for Lahti in a 2–0 win against Gorica in the second qualifying round of the Europa League, with the final aggregate score being 2–1.
On 23 October 2010, he scored his 50th Veikkausliiga goal, but this happened in a 3–2 defeat against TPS and didn't stop the club from being relegated to Ykkönen.
On 20 April 2011, Litmanen signed a one-year contract with the reigning Finnish champions HJK at age 40, making him one of the few footballers to play at professional level in four different decades (1980s–2010s).
He played in this role on 24 September 2011 in the Finnish Cup final against KuPS, coming on in the 80th minute when the score was 0–0.
During the second half of extra time, he scored a spectacular half volley to make it 1–0 to HJK in the 108th minute.
He commented that if he plays such a cup final every 19 years, he won't be playing many more in his career.
As of that day, Litmanen had played 18 matches for HJK that season, and they had won every single match in which he had been on the field.
On 29 October 2011, Litmanen celebrated his 200th league match by giving three assists in HJK's 5–2 home win over Haka.
Litmanen made his Finland debut on 22 October 1989 against Trinidad and Tobago, and scored his first goal on 16 May 1991 against Malta.
Litmanen served as Finland's captain from 1996 to 2008, and was arguably their key player for more than a decade, helping the team to many unexpected victories against higher ranked opposition.
Litmanen earned his 100th cap on 25 January 2006 against South Korea, one of only four Finns to have reached such a milestone, the others being Ari Hjelm, Sami Hyypiä and Jonatan Johansson.
When he played for Finland against South Korea on 19 January 2010, he achieved the distinction of having represented Finland in four different decades.
On 17 November 2010, Litmanen became the oldest player ever to score for Finland – and also the oldest player overall to score a goal in the qualifying stages for the UEFA European Championship – when he netted a penalty in an 8–0 win over San Marino, which proved to be his last international match.
In February 2011, the sports news programme Urheiluruutu of the Finnish Broadcasting Company YLE interviewed two of Litmanen's former teammates about the possibility of his working for Ajax when he decides to end his playing career.
He served as a TV pundit for YLE during Euro 1992, Euro 2012, World Cup 2014 and Euro 2016, and, during the latter, also wrote comment and analysis for the newspaper Ilta-Sanomat.
On 10 October 2010, Litmanen became the first Finnish team sport player to be honoured with a statue: it stands at Kisapuisto (Lahti) where he started his career in the 1970s.
The band has released eight full-length studio albums, two live records, and one compilation, and has been a formative influence on the skate punk subgenre.
These records achieved six-digit record sales while the band also toured in support of popular groups like Green Day and Bad Religion.
Founding members and twin brothers Brent and Marc Belke helped create the band's melodic hardcore punk sound with dual guitar work before their respective departures in 1998 and 2005.
Beginning in 2014, the band's lineup has included returning bassist Dave Bacon, a member from 1985 to 1987, and guitarists Randy Steffes and Kurt Robertson; Batikão Est began serving as the group's drummer in 2016.
Simm returned to his home of Winnipeg, while Chinn relocated to Vancouver and led the short-lived bands The Wongs and Little Joe.
The Belkes joined Chinn, Card, and new bassist Ken Fleming (formerly of the Winnipeg-based skate punk band The Unwanted) in Vancouver in June 1992.
Suffering from substance abuse problems, Card was replaced in October by Dave Rees, who had played in the Wheat Chiefs and former SNFU tour mates Broken Smile.
In 1993, the band signed a three-record deal with Epitaph Records, an independent punk rock label on the cusp of mainstream success through releases from groups like The Offspring and Rancid.
This era found them playing increasingly melodic music, influenced by new directions in the third-wave punk sound that they themselves had helped to develop.
They hoped that the record would capitalize on the crossover success of other recent third-wave punk bands, but it did not chart.
The band also recorded studio sessions with guest drummer Trevor MacGregor (of Treble Charger), which would later appear on their seventh studio album.
He was replaced for a single gig by Matt Warhurst (of Ocean 3 and Jakalope), until Thompson departed and the band entered a two-year hiatus.
SNFU resumed in May 2003 with Marc Belke, Chinn, MacGregor, Warhurst, and producer Pete Wonsiak completing the tracking for the new record.
With Fleming playing guitar, they recruited bassist Bryan McCallum (of Karen Foster) and drummer Chad Mareels (of Fleming's former group Dog Eat Dogma) to complete the band.
I’ll fucking play them ‘til I die.” In 2008, Denis Nowoselski replaced McCallum, while Shane Smith later returned to replace Mareels.
Produced by the Canadian company Prairie Coast Films and directed by Sean Patrick Shaul, the film focused on Chinn's life, including his drug abuse and schizophrenia.
It featured interviews with Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys, Brendan Canning of Broken Social Scene, Corb Lund of the Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans and The Smalls, and Joey Keithley of D.O.A.
Shortly thereafter, the band became a five-piece for the first time in 12 years with the addition of guitarist and harmony vocalist Sean Colig (of Minority, Savannah, and SideSixtySeven).
The band embarked upon its first tour of Japan and a subsequent Canadian tour, with guest drummer Junior Kittlitz replacing the ailing Card.
Ultimately released in November, the new record was their first release in nine years and their first without founding member Marc Belke.
A new incarnation of the band was assembled in February, when Chinn was joined by returning bassist Dave Bacon, guitarists Kurt Robertson (of The Real McKenzies) and Randy Steffes (a former sound engineer and road manager for SNFU, The Real McKenzies, and Green Day), and drummer Adrian White (of Strapping Young Lad and Front Line Assembly).
Further Canadian touring was planned for November, which would include the returns of Curtis Creager and Ted Simm, but the tour was ultimately canceled.
Basque drummer Batikão Est (of Estricalla) played with the group during its 2016 and 2017 tours of Europe and Canada, while Oliver remained with the group for a brief and aborted studio session in 2016.
In November, BeatRoute journalist Sean Orr interviewed Chinn, who stated that he had been diagnosed medically to have only one month to live.
After serving as a junior officer at the seizure of the Cape of Good Hope during the French Revolutionary Wars, Gough commanded the 2nd Battalion of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot during the Peninsular War.
After serving as commander-in-chief of the British forces in China during the First Opium War, he became Commander-in-Chief, India and led the British forces in action against the Marathas defeating them decisively at the conclusion of the Gwalior Campaign and then commanded the troops that defeated the Sikhs during both the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Born the son of Lieutenant Colonel George Gough and Letitia Gough (née Bunbury) of Lisnavagh, Gough was commissioned into the Limerick Militia on 7 August 1793.
He transferred to a locally raised regiment on 7 August 1794 and, having been promoted to lieutenant in the 119th Regiment of Foot on 11 October 1794, transferred to the 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot on 6 June 1795.
He took part in the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in September 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars and transferred to the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot in December 1795, before being deployed with his regiment in the West Indies and taking part in the expedition to Dutch Guiana in 1799.
After returning to England he was promoted to captain in the 2nd Battalion of his regiment on 25 June 1803 and to major in the same battalion on 25 June 1803.
Gough joined Sir Arthur Wellesley in Spain in January 1809 and commanded the 2nd Battalion of his regiment at the Battle of Talavera, during which he was wounded in July 1809 during the Peninsular War.
Promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel on 30 March 1811, he also took part in the Siege of Tarifa in January 1812, the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 and the Battle of Nivelle, during which he was again badly wounded in November 1813.
He was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 25 May 1815, appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 4 June 1815 and appointed a Knight Bachelor on 16 March 1816.
Promoted to colonel on 12 August 1819, Gough became commanding officer of the 22nd Regiment of Foot in County Tipperary where he also served as a local magistrate.
He was promoted to major general on 22 July 1830 and advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 18 September 1831.
At the outset of the First Opium War in March 1839 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in China.
He led the assault at the Battle of Canton in May 1841, and having been promoted to the local rank of lieutenant general in India and in China on 18 June 1841, he also led the assault at the Battle of Amoy in August 1841.
Advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 14 October 1841 and promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 November 1841, he commanded the British forces at the Battle of Chapu in May 1842 and at the Battle of Chinkiang in July 1842.
He became a baronet on 1 December 1842 and was promoted to the local rank of full general in India on 3 March 1843.
In August 1843 Gough became Commander-in-Chief, India, and in December 1843 he led the British forces in action against the Mahrattas defeating them decisively at the conclusion of the Gwalior Campaign.
He also commanded the troops at the Battle of Mudki in December 1845, at the Battle of Ferozeshah also in December 1845 and at the Battle of Sobraon in February 1846 during the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Gough was elevated to the peerage as Baron Gough of Chinkiang in China and of Maharajpore and the Sutlej in the East Indies on 7 April 1846.
The Second Anglo-Sikh War started in 1848, and again Gough took to the field commanding in person at the Battle of Ramnagar in November 1848 and at the Battle of Chillianwala in January 1849.
He was criticised for relying on frontal assault by infantry rather than using artillery and was replaced as commander-in-chief by Sir Charles Napier but, before news of his replacement had arrived, Gough achieved a decisive victory over the Sikhs in the Battle of Gujarat in February 1849.
He returned to Ireland and was advanced in the peerage as Viscount Gough of Goojerat in the Punjab and of the City of Limerick on 4 June 1849.
He retired from active service later that year and was promoted to the substantive rank of full general on 20 June 1854.
Gough also served as colonel of the 99th Regiment of Foot, as colonel of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot and later as colonel of the Royal Horse Guards.
Proposals for a statue to Gough began in 1869 but were rejected by Dublin Corporation, including sites in Carlisle Bridge, Foster Place and Westmoreland Street.
An equestrian statue of Gough by John Foley was ultimately erected outside the city, in Dublin's Phoenix Park in 1880 but, after being repeatedly vandalised in the 1940s and 1950s, it was moved to Chillingham Castle in Northumberland in 1990.
In honour of Field Marshal Hugh Viscount Gough, K.P., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., an illustrious Irishman, whose achievements in the Peninsular War, in China, and in India, have added lustre to the military glory of his country, which he faithfully served for seventy five years.
This statue [cast from cannon taken by troops under his command and granted by Parliament for the purpose] is erected by friends and comrades.
The cannon referred to were captured by Gough in China and India and yielded 15 tons of gun-metal for the statue.
As the 1st Viscount Gough, he set down a family seat near Gort at Lough Cutra Castle, County Galway, Ireland, when purchased by him in 1852.
Gough's first cousins included Thomas Bunbury of Lisnavagh, County Carlow, MP for Carlow, and Jane McClintock of Drumcar, mother of the 1st Baron Rathdonnell.
Although Marsanne is mostly made into a dry wine, it is commonly made into a sweet wine in Valais, Switzerland and some producers in the Rhône have also experimented with making a dessert-style straw wine with Marsanne.
Outside the Northern Rhône region, Marsanne is also found in Savoie and in the Languedoc where it is often blended with Viognier.
The Victorian vineyard of Tahbilk has Marsanne vines which date back to 1927 and are some of the oldest in the world.
In Switzerland, Marsanne is grown in Valais where it is locally known as Ermitage and made into both sweet wines and dry steely white wines with high alcohol levels.
In California, the Rhone Rangers movement introduced Marsanne to more consumers in wines that are often blended with Roussanne and Viognier.
Sommeliers have found that the vintage in relation to the climate has exaggerated effects on Marsanne blends in the United States.
In Michigan Domaine Berrien Cellars is the sole member of the Rhone Rangers and pioneered the planting of Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier, and Syrah in 1992.
Domaine Berrien Cellars credits the success of their award-winning Marsanne and Oak Marsanne varietals to the unique microclimate of the Lake Michigan Shore AVA.
Some Australian winemakers prefer to let the grape hang longer on the vine to increase the alcohol level of the wine and its aging potential.
As Marsanne ages, the wine takes on an even darker color and the flavors can become more complex and concentrated with an oily, honeyed texture.
Marsanne is also known under the synonyms Avilleran, Avilleron, Champagne Piacentina, Ermitage, Ermitage Blanc, Ermitazh, Grosse Roussette, Hermitage, Johannisberg, Marsan Belyi, Marsanne Blanche, Marzanne, Metternich, Rousseau, Roussette de Saint Peray, Roussette Grosse, White Hermitage, and Zrmitazh.
Each geomantic figure represents a certain formed state of the world or the mind, and can be interpreted in various ways based upon the query put forth and the method used to generate the figures.
The figures bear superficial resemblance to the ba gua, the eight trigrams used in the I Ching, a Chinese classic text.
Each line represents one of the four classical elements: from top to bottom, the lines represent fire, air, water, and earth.
When a line has a single point, the element is said to be active; otherwise, with two points, the element is passive.
Because there are four lines, and since each line can be either active or passive, there are 2, or 16, different figures.
Each figure can be said to have a ruling element, whereby that element's energy and manifestations correlates most closely to the figure itself.
With the exception of Populus, the ruling element for each figure is always represented as active (a single point in the corresponding line).
For figures with only one active element, that element by default is its ruling element; other combinations of active and passive elements require more introspection to assign rulerships.
Populus, consisting of all passive lines, is ruled by Water by its nature of being entirely passive and taking on the reflective qualities of water whenever an outside force acts upon it.
While the elements just described are from the geomantic tradition, another set of elemental assignments are used based on the figures' astrological connections.
The geomantic element is said to reflect the nature of a figure when viewed alone; the astrological element reflects its nature when acting with other figures.
The quality of a figure represents its duration of effect or motion, such that a figure with a stable quality will represent a long-term situation or that a certain object remains where it was left, while a mobile figure represents a transient effect upon the real world.
Entering figures have the stable quality, while the exiting figures have the mobile quality; when an entering figure is rotated upside-down, it becomes an exiting figure, and vice versa.
However, based on this classification, the four figures that point in both directions regardless of rotation have the quality of both entering and exiting, and must be evaluated in terms of its neighbors or generating figures.
In the Middle Ages, when geomancy was introduced to Europe where astrology was the foremost occult science, the geomantic figures obtained astrological correspondences to the Zodiac and to the planets.
Based on their zodiacal correspondences, astrologers assigned new elemental rulerships (henceforth known as outer elemental rulers, whereas the previous elemental assignments will be known as inner elemental rulers) based on the element of their zodiacal ruler.
The exceptions to the planetary rulerships were the figures Cauda Draconis and Caput Draconis, which were assigned to the northern and southern lunar nodes instead.
Traditionally, the energies and manifestations of the planets were different based on their declination or motion; for the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, the diurnal energy represents the planet in direct motion, while the nocturnal energy refers to the retrograde motion of the planets.
For the Moon, this was illustrated by the waxing or waning periods of the Moon, respectively; the Sun's figures were based on the Sun during the day (or northern declination) or during the night (southern declination).
The zodiacal rulerships followed from the diurnal or nocturnal planetary rulership: nocturnal figures are assigned earth and water signs, while diurnal figures are assigned fire and air signs.
The North Node is assigned, by Gerard of Cremona, to Sagittarius and the South Node to Virgo (for the sake of finding the ascendant in astrological traditions of geomancy).
Once the zodiacal rulerships were agreed upon, all the following correspondences followed upon the geomantic figures, including what part of the body they each ruled over, different countries, planetary hours, body and character types, and so on.
The structure of the figures themselves can be directly translated into binary numbers, such as those used by modern computers, with passive lines representing the numeral 0 (or logic low) and active lines representing the numeral 1 (or logic high).
The lines that have different numbers of points results in a line with one point (logic high), and lines with the same number of points results in a line with two points (logic low).
The result of adding two figures is usually interpreted to mean the interaction between the two parties (the parent figures) or the present situation (when one parent represents the past and the other parent represents the future).
Reversion, or rotation, of figures is the process that replaces the fire line of a figure with the earth line, the air line with the water line, and vice versa.
Not all figures have a unique reversion: the figures that are neither entering nor exiting revert into themselves, and the other figures with even points revert into their inverted figure.
Regarding the outcome of the situation being divined, it is neutral, unless change by itself infers a positive or negative result.
Its planetary ruler is Chashmodai, its Intelligence is the Intelligence of Intelligences Malkah beTarshishim ve-ad Ruachoth Shechalim, and its Spirit is the Spirit of Spirits is Shad Barshemoth ha-Shartathan.
It is considered very bad in most situations, such that in older traditions if this was the first figure drawn the geomancy reading was stopped.
Its planetary intelligences are Agiel and Graphiel, and its spirits are Zazel and Bartzabel; it is associated with the deities Mavors, Saeturnus, and Athena, and the angels Cassiel, Samael and Malchidael.
The figure is a representation of a sword or erect phallus and refers to male energies, primarily aggression and passion, but also war and male sexuality.
It is bad in most cases, but good in situations where boys (in Antiquity and Medieval society) excelled: love and war.
All elements are active except Water, the element of emotion; its inner element is air, but due to it being ruled by Mars, its outer element is fire.
Its planetary intelligence is Graphiel and its spirit is Bartzabel; it is associated with the deities Mavors and Athena, and the angels Samael and Malchidael.
Astrologically it is associated with Leo and the Sun in southern declinations; both its inner and outer elemental rulers are fire.
Its planetary intelligence is Nakhiel and its spirit is Sorath; it is associated with the deities Apollo and Jupiter, and the angels Michael and Verchiel.
It represents peace and passivity, which can be either positive or negative depending on the question being answered, though generally positive, requiring to be acted upon instead of it acting on a situation.
Its planetary intelligence is Hagiel and its spirit is Kedemel; it is associated with the deities Venus and Vulcanus, and the angels Anael and Zuriel.
In general, the figure is bad or negative figure for all charts except those for love (being a figure of Venus) or where loss is desired and denotes loss.
Its planetary intelligence is Hagiel and its spirit is Kedemel; it is associated with the goddess Venus, and the angels Anael and Asmodel.
Its planetary intelligence is Agiel and its spirit is Zazel; it is associated with the deities Saeturnus and Vesta, and the angels Cassiel and Hanael.
Its planetary intelligence is Iophiel and its spirit is Hismael; it is associated with the deities Jove and Neptunus, and the angels Sachiel and Barchiel.
It is associated with the benefic planets Jupiter and Venus, and assigned to the zodiac sign of Sagittarius; its outer element is fire due to its association with Sagittarius while its inner element is earth.
Its planetary intelligences are Iophiel and Hagiel and its spirits are Hismael and Kedemel; it is associated with the deities Venus, Iove, and Vulcanus, and the angels Sachiel, Anael, and Zuriel.
The sign is neutral in meaning (good in good things, evil in evil), but good with joining or recovering things, especially marriage or relationships.
It represents a combination of forces, for good or ill. By itself, it is neutral, only becoming favourable or not by other figures around it.
Its planetary intelligence is Tiriel and its spirit is Taphthartharath; it is associated with the deities Mercurius and Ceres, and the angels Raphael and Hamaliel.
Astrologically it is associated with Sagittarius and Jupiter, with its outer element ruled by fire and its inner element ruled by air.
Its planetary intelligence is Iophiel and its spirit is Hismael; it is associated with the deities Jove and Diana, and the angels Sachiel and Adnachiel.
The figure is an overturned glass; an inversion, meaning good in all that is evil, and evil in all that is good.
Like the Tail of the Dragon, the figure is considered so unfavourable that if it were the first in a reading, the reading would end.
Astrologically it is associated with Scorpio and Mars retrograde; its inner element is ruled by air, and its outer element ruled by water.
Its planetary intelligence is Graphiel and its spirit is Bartzabel; it is associated with the god Mavors, and the angels Samael and Barbiel.
It denotes power and success, and so is very favourable in conflicts and contests; being a figure of stability and long-term success, it also denotes hardship at the outset of an endeavor.
Its planetary intelligence is Nakhiel and its spirit is Sorath; it is associated with the deities Apollo and Jupiter, and the angels Michael and Verchiel.
Its planetary intelligence is Tiriel and its spirit is Taphthartharath; it is associated with the deities Mercurius and Apollo, and the angels Raphael and Ambriel.
Its planetary intelligence is Agiel and its spirit is Zazel; it is associated with the deities Saeturnus and Juno, and the angels Cassiel and Gabriel.
The figure can mean that the outcome is based on the people of the situation, or represents a large number of people or peers.
It refers to a gathering or assembly of people and is very neutral, for though there may be a great deal of movement within the crowd, there is very little effect on the crowd as a whole.
Its planetary ruler is Chashmodai, its Intelligence is the Intelligence of Intelligences Malkah beTarshishim ve-ad Ruachoth Shechalim, and its Spirit is the Spirit of Spirits is Shad Barshemoth ha-Shartathan.
This is a medium-sized warbler, similar to in size to the barred warbler, with a slightly longer bill and shorter tail.
She was born in Leedey, Oklahoma, the only child of music teacher Elizabeth Davner, and James Claude Hood, who worked in a bank.
Just after her third birthday she was taken to New York City, where she was seen by Joe Rivkin, a casting director for Hal Roach Studios, who arranged a screen test.
She appeared in her own nightclub act at the Coconut Grove in Los Angeles, the Copacabana in New York, and the Sahara Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
An autopsy disclosed that Hood had contracted acute hepatitis from a blood transfusion given during the operation which then led to her death.
Voters were asked two questions regarding the relationship between Taiwan (ROC) and China (PRC), and how Taiwan should relate to China.
The initiation of this referendum by President Chen Shui-bian came under intense criticism from China because it was seen as an exercise for an eventual vote on Taiwanese independence.
Over 90% of voters approved the two questions, but the results were invalid due to insufficient voter turnout, which was below 50%.
On 29 November 2003, President Chen Shui-bian announced that given that the PRC had missiles aimed at Taiwan, he had the power under the defensive referendum clause to order a referendum on sovereignty, although he did not do so under pressure by USA.
But instead, he proposed a referendum to ask the PRC to remove the hundreds of missiles it has aimed at Taiwan.
The vetting of the referendum bill appeared to alarm Beijing which issued more sharp threats of a strong reaction if a referendum bill passed which would allow a vote on sovereignty issues such as the territory and flag of the ROC.
The final bill that was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 27 November 2003 did not contain restrictions on the content of any referendums, but did include very high hurdles for referendums on constitutional issues.
The bill also contained a provision for a defensive referendum to be called if the sovereignty of the ROC was under threat.
The Pan-Blue Coalition made it clear that it was in favour of the proposals, but believed that the referendum process itself was illegal and a prelude to more controversial action.
As a consequence, the Pan-Blue Coalition asked its supporters not to vote at all in the referendum, with the intention of having the number of valid votes fall below the 50% voter threshold necessary to have a valid referendum.
Because of this strategy, a major controversy was the format of the referendum, specifically as to whether the referendum questions would be on the same ballots as the Presidency.
After much debate, the CEC decided that there would be a U-shaped queue in which people would first cast a ballot for President and then cast a separate ballot for each of the two questions.
Near the end of the campaign, the CEC issued a number of conflicting and constantly changing directives as to what would constitute a valid ballot.
He originally had a mouthful of fearsome teeth, but they were removed at the suggestion of singer Anne Shelton to avoid scaring children in the audience.
In spite of the fact that Hall was a staunch Oldham Athletic fan, during the 1957–58 English football season, Hall took Lenny to the Den (old) which was then the home of Millwall F.C.
Kazi Nazrul Islam (, ; 25 May 189929 August 1976) was a Bengali poet, writer, musician, anti-colonial revolutionary from the Indian subcontinent; and the national poet of Bangladesh.
Popularly known as Nazrul, he produced a large body of poetry and music with themes that included religious devotion and rebellion against oppression.
Born in a Bengali Muslim Kazi family, Nazrul Islam received religious education and as a young man worked as a muezzin at a local mosque.
After serving in the British Indian Army in the Middle East (Mesopotamian campaign) during World War I, Nazrul established himself as a journalist in Calcutta.
Nazrul was born on Thursday 25 May 1899 in the village of Churulia, Asansol Sadar, Paschim Bardhaman district of the Bengal Presidency (now in West Bengal, India).
Nazrul studied at a maktab and madrasa, run by a mosque and a dargah respectively, where he studied the Quran, Hadith, Islamic philosophy, and theology.
His father died in 1908 and at the age of ten, Nazrul took his father's place as a caretaker of the mosque to support his family.
He worked and travelled with them, learning to act, as well as writing songs and poems for the plays and musicals.
Through his work and experiences, Nazrul began studying Bengali and Sanskrit literature, as well as Hindu scriptures such as the Puranas.
In school, he was influenced by his teacher, a Jugantar activist, Nibaran Chandra Ghatak, and began a lifelong friendship with fellow author Sailajananda Mukhopadhyay, who was his classmate.
Later he took jobs as a cook at Wahid's, a well-known bakery of the region, and at a tea stall in the town of Asansol.
Amongst other subjects, Nazrul studied Bengali, Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian literature and Hindustani classical music under teachers who were impressed by his dedication and skill.
Nazrul studied up to grade10 but did not appear for the matriculation pre-test examination; instead in 1917, he joined the British Indian Army at the age of eighteen.
He had two primary motivations for joining the British Indian Army: first, a youthful desire for adventure and, second, an interest in the politics of the time.
Attached to the 49th Bengal Regiment, he was posted to the Karachi Cantonment, where he wrote his first prose and poetry.
Although he never saw active fighting, he rose in rank from corporal to havildar (sergeant), and served as quartermaster for his battalion.
During this period, Nazrul read extensively the works of Rabindranath Tagore and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, as well as the Persian poets Hafez, Omar Khayyam, and Rumi.
Nazrul grew close to other young Muslim writers, while working at the Bengali Muslim Literary Society, including Mohammad Mozammel Haq, Kazi Abdul Wadud, and Muhammad Shahidullah.
He was a regular at the social clubs for Calcutta's writers, poets, and intellectuals such as the Gajendar Adda and the Bharatiya Adda.
Nazrul did not have the formal education of Rabindranath and as a result his poems did not follow the literary practices established by Rabindranath.
Nazrul explores the different forces at work in a rebel, the destroyer, and the preserver who is able to express rage as well as beauty and sensitivity.
He began a 40-day fast to protest mistreatment by the British jail superintendent, breaking his fast more than a month later and eventually being released from prison in December 1923.
Nazrul became active in encouraging people to agitate against British rule, and joined the Bengal state unit of the Indian National Congress.
Along with Muzaffar Ahmed, Nazrul also helped organise the Sramik Praja Swaraj Dal (Workers and Peasants Party), a socialist political party committed to national independence and the service of the working class.
During his visit to Comilla in 1921, Nazrul met a young Bengali Hindu woman, Pramila Devi, with whom he fell in love, and they married on 25 April 1924.
In what his contemporaries regarded as one of his greatest flairs of creativity, Nazrul vastly contributed in profusely enriching ghazals in Bengali, transforming a form of poetry written mainly in Persian and Urdu.
A significant impact of Nazrul's work in Bengal was that it made Bengali Muslims more comfortable with the Bengali arts, which used to be dominated by Bengali Hindus.
The songs written and music composed by him were broadcast on radio stations across India, including on the Indian Broadcasting Company.
The complete text of 2,260 is known, and the first lines of 2,872 have been collected, but according to musicologist Karunamaya Goswami, it is popularly believed that the total is much higher.
He wrote that the Prophets had become property like cattle but they should instead be treated like light that is for all men.
Nazrul has been compared to William Butler Yeats by Serajul Islam Choudhury, Bengali literary critic and professor emeritus at the University of Dhaka, for being the first Muslim poet to create imagery and symbolism of Muslim historical figures such as Qasim ibn Hasan, Ali, Umar, Kamal Pasha, and Muhammad.
His condemnation of extremism and mistreatment of women provoked condemnation from Muslim and Hindu fundamentalists who opposed his liberal views on religion.
Pramila gave birth to two more sonsSabyasachi in 1928 and Aniruddha in 1931but Nazrul remained grief-stricken and aggrieved for a long time.
He also composed many songs of invocation to Lord Shiva and the goddesses Lakshmi and Saraswati and on the love of Radha and Krishna.
Although a Muslim, he named his sons with both Hindu and Muslim names: Krishna Mohammad, Arindam Khaled (Bulbul), Kazi Sabyasachi and Kazi Aniruddha.
From the time of his return to Kolkata until he fell ill in 1941, Nazrul composed more than 2,600 songs, many of which have been lost.
To provide for his wife's medical treatment, he mortgaged the royalties of his gramophone records and literary works for 400 rupees.
On hearing about the death of Rabindranath Tagore on 8 August 1941, a shocked Nazrul composed two poems in Tagore's memory.
He received treatment under homeopathy as well as Ayurveda, but little progress was achieved before mental dysfunction intensified and he was admitted to a mental asylum in 1942.
The examining doctors said he had received poor care, and Dr. Hans Hoff, a leading neurosurgeon in Vienna, diagnosed that Nazrul was suffering from Pick's disease.
On 24 May 1972, the newly independent nation of Bangladesh brought Nazrul to live in Dhaka with the consent of the Government of India.
In 1974. his youngest son, Kazi Aniruddha, a guitarist, died, and Nazrul soon succumbed to his long-standing ailments on 29 August 1976.
In accordance with a wish he had expressed in one of his poems, he was buried beside a mosque on the campus of the University of Dhaka.
Tens of thousands of people attended his funeral; Bangladesh observed two days of national mourning, and the parliament of India observed a minute of silence in his honour.
According to literary critic Serajul Islam Choudhury, Nazrul's poetry is characterised by an abundant use of rhetorical devices, which he employed to convey conviction and sensuousness.
His works have often been criticized for egotism, but his admirers counter that they carry more a sense of self-confidence than ego.
Nazrul Sanskriti Parishad is a cultural organisation in India that has been promoting the work of Kazi Nazrul Islam since 2000.
Nazrul was awarded the Jagattarini Gold Medal in 1945the highest honour for work in Bengali literature by the University of Calcuttaand awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award of India, in 1960.
Nazrul's works for children have won acclaim for his use of rich language, imagination, enthusiasm, and an ability to fascinate young readers.
A chair has been named after him in University of Calcutta and the Government of West Bengal has opened a Nazrul Tirtha in Rajarhat, a cultural centre dedicated to his memory.
This is a medium-sized warbler, similar in size to the icterine warbler, with a slightly longer bill and shorter wings and a longer tail.
It is a paramilitary organisation, subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior in administrative issues and to the President of the Republic in issues pertaining to the president's authority as Commander-in-Chief (e.g.
The Guard operates SAR helicopters that are often used in inland SAR, in assistance of a local fire and rescue department or other authorities.
Upon mobilisation the Border Guard would be wholly or partly incorporated into the Finnish Defence Forces and its strength increased with reservists who have served their conscription in the border guard.
The western sea borders and the western and northern land borders to Sweden and Norway are free to cross under the Nordic passport union, however the Border Guard does maintain personnel in these regions owing to its SAR duties.
There is a separate Finnish Customs agency, and immigration is handled also by the local police and Finnish Directorate of Immigration.
It can, for example, seize and arrest persons and conduct searches in apartments and cars pursuant to same legislation as the police, when investigating a crime.
However, the power to arrest a person has been delegated only to the commanding officers of a border control detachments and commanders and vice-commanders of larger units.
The Border Guard is not supposed to be used for the keeping of public order under normal circumstances, but it has two readiness platoons that can be used to support the Police in exceptional situations in matters of crowd control and internal security (including incidents involving dangerous armed criminals).
The readiness platoons have been used to supplement riot police during high-profile international events where there is a perceived danger of violent demonstrations, e.g.
The Border Guard is responsible for enforcing the 3–5 km border zone towards Russia and issues the permits to visit the zone.
These administrative units are the Border Guard Headquarters, Southeast Finland, North Karelia, Kainuu and Lapland border guard districts, the Gulf of Finland and West Finland coast guard districts, Air Patrol Squadron and Border and Coast Guard Academy.
The AB 412s are to be replaced by new twin-engined helicopters, while the Super Pumas and Do 228s are being modernized.
After the Finnish Civil War in 1919, the control of the Finnish borders was given to the former Finnish Russian frontier troops under the command of the Ministry of Interior.
Until 1945, only the Russian border was supervised by the Frontier Guard, the Swedish and Norwegian borders having only customs control.
In 1929, a separate Sea Guard was founded to prevent the rampant alcohol smuggling caused by the Finnish prohibition of alcohol (1919–32).
It is famed for the wilderness skills of its guards foot-patrolling the forest-covered Russian border, its good efficiency in catching the few illegal border crossers and for the fact that it is the only state authority in large parts of Lapland.
The Border Guard of Finland is one of the links of the chain of protectors of the external borders of the European Union and Schengen agreement.
Conscripts in Border Guard companies are mostly volunteers and preferably selected from the occupants of border areas, and while trained by Border Guard, they do not perform regular border control duties.
Mailsort was a five-digit address-coding scheme used by the Royal Mail (the UK's postal service) and its business customers for the automatic direction of mail until 2012.
Mail users who could present mail sorted by Mailsort code and in quantities of 4,000 upwards (1,000 upwards for large letters and packets) receive a discounted postal rate.
Mailsort was not widely known to the British public and the code was not written as part of the address; rather it appears elsewhere on the envelope or label.
As the system was only used by a closed group of Royal Mail customers the scheme could be entirely re-coded from time to time (every 18–24 months).
Unlike posting by ordinary mail it was possible to specify service levels other than 1st or 2nd class with longer delivery times offered.
Four Mailsort products were available – known as 70, 120, 700 and 1400 – each based on the customer's ability to sort into increasingly smaller geographical areas.
A further Walksort product was available to those who wished to post to many of the addresses in an area and who could present mail sorted first by mailsort code and then by walk number (the second half of the postcode).
These services were similar to Mailsort 1400 but offered a greater discount for publications that met certain criteria and had been successfully registered with Royal Mail.
Mailsort codes were sometimes prefixed by a letter (A-P) which corresponded to sixteen regional divisions of the country, although the letter did not form part of the mailsort code.
The letter prefix was used by the sender to ensure that when mail was presented to Royal Mail those items with the furthest to travel were given and processed first while those in the same region as the sender were dealt with last.
When mail was presented to Royal Mail it was therefore not given in strict mailsort sequence and furthermore the sequence used would differ from one location in the country to another.
Some of his writings, including novels, essays, and commentaries, were a breakaway from traditional verse-oriented Indian writings, and provided an inspiration for authors across India.
Chattopadhyay was born in the village Kanthalpara in the town of North 24 Parganas, Naihati, in an orthodox Bengali Brahmin family, the youngest of three brothers, to Yadav Chandra Chattopadhyaya and Durgadebi.
Bankim Chandra and his elder brother both had their schooling from Midnapore Collegiate School (then Governmental Zilla School), where he wrote his first poem.
He was educated at the Hooghly Mohsin College (founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin) and later at Presidency College, Kolkata, graduating with a degree in Arts in 1858.
He later attended the University of Calcutta and was one of the two candidates who passed the final exam to become the school's first graduates.
This book marks the shift from Chattopadhyay's early career, in which he was strictly a writer of romances, to a later period in which he aimed to stimulate the intellect of the Bengali speaking people and bring about a cultural renaissance of Bengali literature.
The novel was also the source of the song Vande Mataram (I worship my Motherland for she truly is my mother) which, set to music by Rabindranath Tagore, was taken up by many Indian nationalists, and is now the National Song of India.
He imagined untrained Sannyasi soldiers fighting and beating the highly experienced British Army; ultimately, however, he accepted that the British cannot be defeated.
Vande Mataram became prominent during the Swadeshi movement, which was sparked by Lord Curzon's attempt to partition Bengal into a Hindu majority West and a Muslim majority East.
Drawing from the Shakti tradition of Bengali Hindus, Chattopadhyay personified India as a Mother Goddess, which gave the song a Hindu undertone that would prove to be problematic for some Muslims.
Chattopadhyay's commentary on the Gita was published eight years after his death and contained his comments up to the 19th Verse of Chapter 4.
He was one of the first intellectuals who wrote in a British colony, accepting and rejecting the status at the same time.
Bishi also rejects the division of Bankim in 'Bankim the artist' and 'Bankim the moralist' – for Bankim must be read as a whole.
Chattopadhyay's first novel was an English one, Rajmohan's Wife and he also started writing his religious and philosophical essays in English.
In Taiwan, elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan.
The constitutional amendments of 2005, which extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and introduced the current electoral system.
The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years, with bargaining between the government and the legislature.
Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way.
Under the Article 35 and 37 of the Civil Servants Election and Recall Act, the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population of quota by the end of two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators ends, which is obtained by household investigation.
The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries then submit the proposal of altering electoral districts to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement.
The National Assembly was another government organ that, along with the Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan (before 1992), was seen to constitute the Parliament in Taiwan.
Baltistan (, ), also known as Baltiyul or Little Tibet (), is a mountainous region of Pakistan near the Karakoram mountains just south of K2 (the world's second-highest mountain).
Baltistan borders Gilgit to the west, Xinjiang (China) in the north, Ladakh on the southeast and the Kashmir Valley on the southwest.
Prior to 1947, Baltistan was part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, having been conquered by Raja Gulab Singh's armies in 1840.
After the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, Gilgit Scouts overthrew the Maharaja's governor in Gilgit and captured Baltistan.
A small portion of Baltistan, including the village of Turtuk in the Nubra Valley, was incorporated into Ladakh after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
The 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica characterises Baltistan as the western extremity of Tibet, whose natural limits are the Indus river from its abrupt southward bend around the map point and the mountains to the north and west.
According to Ahmad Hassan Dani, Baltistan spreads upwards from the Indus river and is separated from Ladakh by the Siachen glacier.
In the north is the Baltoro Glacier, the largest out of the arctic regions, long, contained between two ridges whose highest peaks to the south are and to the north .
On 29 August 2009 the government of Pakistan announced the creation of Gilgit–Baltistan, a provincial autonomous region with Gilgit as its capital and Skardu its largest city.
Today, the people of Kharmang and Western Khaplu have Tibetan features and those in Skardu, Shigar and the eastern villages of Khaplu are Dards.
Mangyal annihilated the Skardu garrison at Kharbu and put to the sword a number of petty Muslim rulers in the principalities of Purik (Kargil).
The valley from Khepchne to Kachura was flat and fertile, with abundant fruit trees; the sandy desert now extending from Sundus to Skardu Airport was a prosperous town.
Baltistan is a rocky wilderness of around , with the largest cluster of mountains in the world and the biggest glaciers outside the polar regions.
Other well-known peaks include Masherbrum (also known as K1), Broad Peak, Hidden Peak, Gasherbrum II, Gasherbrum IV and Chogolisa (in the Khaplu Valley).
These include the Manthal Buddha Rock, a rock relief of the Buddha at the edge of the village (near Skardu) and the Sacred Rock of Hunza.
Islam was brought to Baltistan by Sufi missionaries during the 16th and 17th centuries, and most of the population converted to Noorbakshia Islam.
Deosai National Park, in the southern part of the region, is habitat for predators since it has an abundant prey population.
According to Balti folklore, Mughal princess Gul Khatoon (known in Baltistan as Mindoq Gialmo—Flower Queen) brought musicians and artisans with her into the region and they propagated Mughal music and art under her patronage.
The Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation has radio and television stations in Khaplu that broadcast local programs, and there are a handful of private news outlets.
Sunil Gangopadhyay or Sunil Ganguly (7 September 1934 – 23 October 2012) was an Indian poet and novelist in the Bengali language based in the city of Kolkata.
He studied at the Surendranath College, Dum Dum Motijheel College, City College, Kolkata – all affiliated with the University of Calcutta.
Later, he started writing for various publications of the Ananda Bazar group, a major publishing house in Kolkata and has been continuing it for many years.
Sunil, along with Tarun Sanyal, Jyotirmoy Datta and Satrajit Dutta had volunteered to be defence witnesses in the famous trial of Hungry generation movement poet Malay Roy Choudhury.
Though he wrote all types of children's fiction, one character created by him that stands out above the rest, was Kakababu, the crippled adventurist, accompanied by his young adult nephew Santu, and his friend Jojo.
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, the former Chief Minister of West Bengal, who was closely associated with the writer since 1964, said that Bengali literature would remain indebted to him.
Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery KT PC FRS (28 July 1674 – 28 August 1731) was an English nobleman, statesman and patron of the sciences.
The second son of Roger Boyle, 2nd Earl of Orrery, and his wife Lady Mary Sackville (1647–1710), daughter of Richard Sackville, 5th Earl of Dorset, he was born at Little Chelsea, London.
He translated Plutarch's life of Lysander, and published an edition of the epistles of Phalaris, which engaged him in the famous controversy with Bentley.
He was three times member for the town of Huntingdon; and on the death of his brother, Lionel, 3rd earl, in 1703, he succeeded to the title.
He entered the army, and in 1709 was raised to the rank of major-general, and sworn one of Her Majesty's Privy Council.
He was appointed to the Order of the Thistle and appointed queen's envoy to the states of Brabant and Flanders; and having discharged this trust with ability, he was created an English peer, as Baron Boyle of Marston, in Somerset.
In 1713, under the patronage of Boyle, clockmaker George Graham created the first mechanical solar system model that could demonstrate proportional motion of the planets around the Sun.
Charles Boyle received several additional honours in the reign of George I; but having had the misfortune to fall under the suspicion of the government for playing a part in the Jacobite Atterbury Plot, he was committed to the Tower in 1722, where he remained six months, and was then admitted to bail.
He bequeathed his personal library and collection of scientific instruments to Christ Church Library; the instruments are now on display in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford.
His son John, the 5th Earl of Orrery, succeeded to the earldom of Cork on the failure of the elder branch of the Boyle family, as earl of Cork and Orrery.
Gilgit is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, and serves as a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram Range.
Gilgit was once a Buddhist centre; it was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, and today serves as a major junction along the Karakoram Highway with road connections to China, Skardu, Chitral, Peshawar, and Islamabad.
Brogpas trace their settlement from Gilgit into the fertile villages of Ladakh through a rich corpus of hymns, songs, and folklore that have been passed down through generations.
The Dards and Shinas appear in many of the old Pauranic lists of people who lived in the region, with the former also mentioned in Ptolemy's accounts of the region.
Gilgit was an important city on the Silk Road, along which Buddhism was spread from South Asia to the rest of Asia.
They are believed to be the Patola Sahi dynasty mentioned in a Brahmi inscription, and are devout adherents of Vajrayana Buddhism.
In mid-600s, Gilgit came under Chinese suzerainty after the fall of Western Turkic Khaganate due to Tang military campaigns in the region.
However, faced with growing influence of the Umayyad Caliphate and then the Abbasid Caliphate to the west, the Tibetans were forced to ally themselves with the Islamic caliphates.
Chinese record of the region last until late-700s at which time the Tang's western military campaign was weakened due to the An Lushan Rebellion.
This corpus of manuscripts was discovered in 1931 in Gilgit, containing many Buddhist texts such as four sutras from the Buddhist canon, including the famous Lotus Sutra.
They cover a wide range of themes such as iconometry, folk tales, philosophy, medicine and several related areas of life and general knowledge.
They are among the oldest manuscripts in the world, and the oldest manuscript collection surviving in Pakistan, having major significance in the areas of Buddhist studies and the evolution of Asian and Sanskrit literature.
The manuscripts are believed to have been written in the 5th to 6th centuries AD, though some more manuscripts were discovered in the succeeding centuries, which were also classified as Gilgit manuscripts.
As of 6 October 2014, one source claims that the part of the collection deposited at the Sri Pratap Singh Museum in Srinagar was irrecoverably destroyed during the 2014 India–Pakistan floods.
Gilgit was ruled for centuries by the local Trakhàn Dynasty, which ended about 1810 with the death of Raja Abas, the last Trakhàn Raja.
However, considering the region's Buddhist heritage, with the most recent influence being Islam, the most likely preceding influence of the region is Buddhism.
The area had been a flourishing tract but prosperity was destroyed by warfare over the next fifty years, and by the great flood of 1841 in which the river Indus was blocked by a landslip below the Hatu Pir and the valley was turned into a lake.
Then, Azad Khan the cheater, Raja of Punial, killed Sulaiman Shah, taking Gilgit; then Tahir Shah, Raja of Buroshall (Nagar), took Gilgit and killed Azad Khan.
Tair Shah's son Shah Sakandar inherited, only to be killed by Gohar Aman, Raja of Yasin of the Khushwakhte Dynasty when he took Gilgit.
The Sikh general, Nathu Shah, left garrison troops and Karim Khan ruled until Gilgit was ceded to Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846 by the Treaty of Amritsar, and Dogra troops replaced the Sikh in Gilgit.
Raja Gohar Aman then ruled Gilgit until his death in 1860, just before new Dogra forces from Ranbir Singh, son of Gulab Singh, captured the fort and town.
In the 1870s Chitral was threatened by Afghans, Maharaja Ranbir Singh was firm in protecting Chitral from Afghans, the Mehtar of Chitral asked for help.
In 1876 Chitral accepted the authority of Jammu Clan and in reverse get the protection from the Dogras who have in the past took part in many victories over Afghans during the time of Gulab Singh Dogra.
In 1877, in order to guard against the advance of Russia, the British India Government, acting as the suzerain power of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, established the Gilgit Agency.
It comprised the Gilgit Wazarat; the State of Hunza and Nagar; the Punial Jagir; the Governorships of Yasin, Kuh-Ghizr and Ishkoman, and Chilas.
In 1935, the British India government demanded from the Jammu and Kashmir state to lease them Gilgit town plus most of the Gilgit Agency and the hill-states Hunza, Nagar, Yasin and Ishkoman for 60 years.
Abdullah Sahib was the first Muslim governor of the Gilgit in British time period and was close associate of Maharaja Partap Singh.
On 26 October 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, faced with a tribal invasion by Pakistan, signed the Instrument of Accession, joining India.
Sensing their discontent, Major William Brown, the Maharaja's commander of the Gilgit Scouts, mutinied on 1 November 1947, overthrowing the Governor Ghansara Singh.
The Gilgit rebellion did not have civilian involvement and was solely the work of military leaders, not all of whom had been in favor of joining Pakistan, at least in the short term.
Historian Ahmed Hasan Dani mentions that although there was lack of public participation in the rebellion, sentiments were intense in the civilian population and their anti-Kashmiri sentiments were also clear.
According to various scholars, the people of Gilgit as well as those of Chilas, Koh Ghizr, Ishkoman, Yasin, Punial, Hunza and Nagar joined Pakistan by choice.
Gilgit is connected to Karimabad (Hunza) and Sust in the north, with further connections to the Chinese cities of Tashkurgan, Upal and Kashgar in Xinjiang.
Transport companies such as the Silk Route Transport Pvt, Masherbrum Transport Pvt and Northern Areas Transport Corporation (NATCO), offer passenger road transport between Islamabad, Gilgit, Sust, and Kashgar and Tashkurgan in China.
Long-term plans for the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor call for construction of the 682 kilometre long Khunjerab Railway, which is expected to be completed in 2030, that would also serve Gilgit.
Stefan Żeromski ( ; 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist belonging to the Young Poland movement at the turn of the 20th century.
One of the witnesses at the wedding was the novelist Bolesław Prus, an admirer of Oktawia's who had not been in favor of the marriage.
The newlyweds moved to Switzerland, where Żeromski worked from 1892 to 1896 as a librarian at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil .
In 1913 Żeromski started a new family with the painter Anna Zawadzka, whom he had met in 1908; they had a daughter, Monika.
In 1924, in recognition of Żeromski's achievements, President Stanisław Wojciechowski gave him a three-room apartment on the second floor of Warsaw's Royal Castle.
Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery (25 April 1621 – 16 October 1679), styled Lord Broghill from 1628 to 1660, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England at various times between 1654 and 1679.
Boyle fought in the Irish Confederate Wars (part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms) and subsequently became known for his antagonism towards Irish Catholics and their political aspirations.
Boyle was the third surviving son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork and his second wife, Catherine Fenton, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton of Dublin.
He was created Baron of Broghill in the Peerage of Ireland on 28 February 1628, a few months before his 7th birthday.
From 1636 to 1639 he travelled abroad in France, Switzerland and Italy and then took part in the Bishops Wars against the Scots on returning home.
Boyle returned to Ireland on the outbreak of the rebellion in 1641 and fought with his brothers against the Irish rebels at the battle of Liscarroll in September 1642.
Although initially under the command of the Royalist Marquis of Ormonde (later James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde), Lord Broghill consented to serve under the parliamentary commissioners in Cork against the Irish Confederates.
Boyle fought with the Parliamentarians until the execution of the king, when he retired altogether from public affairs and took up his residence at Marston in Somerset.
Appointed master of the ordnance, he soon assembled a body of infantry and horse, driving the rebels into Kilkenny, where they surrendered; he induced the Royalist garrison of Cork (English troops with whom he had served earlier in the wars) to defect back to the Parliamentarian side.
In 1651 he defeated an Irish force marching to Limerick's relief under Lord Muskerry at the battle of Knocknaclashy, the final battle of the Irish Confederate Wars, thus effecting the capture of the town.
By this time Broghill had become a fast friend and follower of Cromwell, whose stern measures in Ireland and support of the English and Protestants were welcomed after the policy of concession to the Irish initiated by Charles I.
He was returned as member for the county of Cork in 1654 to the First Protectorate Parliament and in 1656 to the Second Protectorate Parliament and also in the latter assembly for Edinburgh, for which he elected to sit.
He served this year as Lord President of the Council in Scotland, where he won much popularity; when he returned to England he was included in the inner cabinet of Cromwell's council, and nominated in 1657 as a member of the new House of Lords.
He was one of those most in favour of Cromwell's assumption of the royal title, and proposed a union between the Protector's daughter Frances and Charles II.
On Oliver Cromwell's death, Boyle gave his support to Richard Cromwell; but as he saw no possibility of maintaining the government, he left for Ireland, where by resuming command in Munster he secured the island for Charles, anticipating Monk's overtures by inviting the King to land at Cork.
In 1660, he was elected MP for Arundel in the Convention Parliament, although he was busily engaged in Ireland at the time of the election.
The same year he was appointed one of the three Lord Justices (Ireland) and drew up the Act of Settlement 1662.
He continued to exercise his office as lord-president of Munster till 1668, when he resigned it on account of disputes with the duke of Ormonde, the lord-lieutenant.
In addition to Lord Orrery's achievements as a statesman and administrator, he gained some reputation as a writer and a dramatist.
By her he had besides five daughters, two sons, of whom the eldest, Roger (1646 –1681/1682), succeeded as 2nd earl of Orrery.
Two other children, Henry and Margaret, married children of Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin; Henry was the father of Henry Boyle, 1st Earl of Shannon.
It lost this position to the high-rise of Erasmus MC () which was completed in 1968, but regained it when the Space Tower was added to the top of the building in 1970, giving an additional .
Hill Head has a substantial elderly population – 22.45% of its 7,121 residents are over 65, compared to an English average of 15.89%.
During World War II, Hill Head was one of many loading zones for the D-Day invasions and the area was inundated with allied troops.
The Swordfish public house at Hill Head was demolished in 2004 to make way for a small development of beach-front homes known as Swordfish Close.
The name Swordfish is derived from the World War Two bomber the Fairey Swordfish which flew from the nearby airfield at RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus).
The only remaining pub along Hill Head beach-front is The Osborne View, so named as Osborne House (residential home of HM Queen Victoria) is visible on a clear day.
The area currently has a convenience store with a post office, a lighting shop, a door and windows shop, two hairdressers, a Chinese takeaway and a prep school.
In addition, the supergroup Backbeat featuring Mike Mills of R.E.M., Dave Grohl of Nirvana, Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum, Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth, Don Fleming of Gumball, and Greg Dulli of Afghan Whigs.
François de Harlay de Champvallon (François III de Harlay; 14 August 1625 – 6 August 1695) was the fifth Archbishop of Paris.
He was presented to the abbey of Jumièges immediately on leaving the Collège de Navarre, and he was only twenty-six when he succeeded his uncle in the archiepiscopal see.
In 1674 the domain and lordships of Saint-Cloud, Maisons-Alfort, Créteil, Ozoir-la-Ferrière, and Armentières-en-Brie were erected into a duchy of Saint-Cloud to be held by the successive Archbishops of Paris, although it was not registered in the parlement until 1690.
During the early part of his political career he was a firm adherent of Mazarin, and is said to have helped to procure his return from exile.
His private life gave rise to much scandal, but he had considerable learning, was an eloquent and persuasive speaker and had a great capacity for business.
He secured the favour of Louis XIV by his support for the claims of the Gallican Church formulated by the declaration made by the clergy in assembly on 19 March 1682, when Bossuet accused him of truckling to the court like a valet.
Though no official act has survived, it is reliably thought that Harlay officiated in a private ceremony at the king's marriage with Madame de Maintenon after a Mass celebrated by Père la Chaise, the king's confessor, and in the presence of only three witnesses, the Marquis de Montchevreuil, the Chevalier de Forbin and Alexandre Bontemps.
Saint-Simon records that they were fond of walking through the magnificent gardens there, while a servant followed at a respectful distance to rake the gravel disturbed by their feet.
As a result Dieppe, of which he was temporal and spiritual lord, saw 3,000 of its Huguenot citizens flee abroad, partly it is said on account of Harlay's severity.
His funeral discourse was delivered by Père Gaillard, and Mme de Sévigné made on the occasion the severe comment that there were only two trifles to make this a difficult matter — his life and his death.
According to the 2011 UK Census, Goodmanham parish had a population of 244, an increase on the 2001 UK Census figure of 218.
The boundaries of the village lie along the lines of ancient earthworks and these are evidence that it was a prehistoric place of worship.
Near the western boundary of the village lies one of the most ancient roads of Britain, later adopted by the Romans.
Later in Saxon times, after the recall of the Roman legions, the village reached a position of great importance and fame.
It became the site of the high shrine of Anglo Saxon Northumbria, a great temple of Woden, the father of the gods.
Seeing that no harm came to him, the company that followed him demolished the shrine and burned it to the ground.
It is often said that Coifi rode from Edwin's council in York to destroy the temple at Goodmanham, a distance of around .
Local tradition has it that the ride was from the king's summer camp at Londesborough, which is two miles from Goodmanham.
Although Goodmanham is very near to York, the capital of Viking England, we have no information about Goodmanham from that period.
The church was designated a Grade I listed building in 1986 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.
Population at the time was 220, with occupations including fifteen farmers, a boot & shoe maker, a corn miller, a shoemaker, a wheelwright, a blacksmith who was also the parish clerk, and the licensed victualler of The Star public house.
It is the end of the north south powerline and a large control center for the power grid of the RWE.
In the communal reform of 1975, several previously independent municipalities were added to the municipality Pulheim, which received city rights in 1981.
The French reveal themselves as soldiers and a fight ensues in the station, claiming the lives of Scarecrow's men Hollywood, Legs and Ratman, along with several scientists and most of the French soldiers, while Mother loses her leg, Samurai is badly injured, and two French scientists are captured.
Later, Samurai is found strangled, leaving the only people he trusts to be one of the scientists, Sarah Hensleigh and another soldier named Montana as he was with them at the time of Samurai's death.
He later wakes up, found to have been accidentally resurrected by his attacker, and is in the care of scientist James Renshaw, the believed killer of one of the other scientists at Wilkes.
Meanwhile in the United States, Andrew Trent and Pete Cameron meet, Cameron being a news reporter and Trent being a former Marine using the alias of Andrew Wilcox to avoid being found by the U.S military who a few years back had tried to kill him.
During the escape via stolen vehicles, Schofield and Renshaw's is pushed off a cliff, Schofield's close friend Book and the step-daughter of Sarah Hensleigh, Kirsty, are captured, while Rebound escapes with four of the scientists.
Meanwhile, the SAS Brigadier Trevor Barnaby kills the two remaining French scientists and feeds Book to a pod of killer whales.
Schofield receives a message from Trent with a list of members of a secret service known as the Intelligence Convergence Group (ICG) which includes Snake and Montana.
Gant and her team find what appears to be an alien ship, but which turns out to be a spy ship.
Schofield and the two others arrive and Hensleigh reveals herself to be an ICG agent, but is soon killed by a wounded Gant.
Remembering the station is about to be destroyed, Schofield, Gant, Renshaw, Kirsty and her pet fur seal named Wendy escape on the spy plane and land on the USS Wasp.
In 2015 Matthew Reilly commissioned Benjamin Maio Mackay's production company, Preachrs Podcast OnLine & OnStage, to turn Ice Station into an audio drama.
Australian actor, director, producer, podcaster and writer Benjamin Maio Mackay was chosen by Reilly to direct and adapt the audio drama.
While the first three parts were recorded in 2016 no release date has been set and no further updates on the project have been provided by Reilly or Maio Mackay.
The Unicorns were a rock band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada formed in 2000 by Nicholas Thorburn (Nick Diamonds) and Alden Penner (Alden Ginger), who were later joined by Jamie Thompson (J'aime Tambeur) in December 2003.
The Unicorns were formed in Campbell River, British Columbia in December 2000 by Nicholas Thorburn and Alden Penner, who met in high school in the autumn of 1998.
Alden was new to his 10th-grade class and decided to wear a skirt to school, which intrigued a 12th-grade Nick and quickly sparked their friendship.
Immediately following the split, Thorburn and Thompson continued to collaborate as Th' Corn Gangg (a hip-hop project featuring Subtitle and Busdriver) and Islands (an indie rock project).
In early 2014, ten years after their split, it was announced that the band would reunite to support Arcade Fire on a handful of arena shows in Inglewood, CA and Brooklyn, NY.
On September 21, 2014 they returned to the Pop Montreal Festival to play a headline show at Metropolis, but have not announced any further live dates.
François de la Chaise (August 25, 1624 – January 20, 1709) was a French Jesuit priest, the father confessor of King Louis XIV of France.
François de la Chaise was born at the Château of Aix in Aix-la-Fayette, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, being the son of Georges d'Aix, seigneur de La Chaise, and of Renée de Rochefort.
He became a novice of the Society of Jesus before completing his studies at Lyon, where, after taking final vows, he lectured on philosophy to students attracted by his fame from all parts of France.
Through the influence of Camille de Villeroy, Archbishop of Lyon, Père de la Chaise was in 1674 nominated confessor of Louis XIV, who entrusted him during the lifetime of Harlay de Champvallon, archbishop of Paris, with the administration of the ecclesiastical patronage of the crown.
The confessor united his influence with that of Madame de Maintenon to induce the king to abandon his liaison with Madame de Montespan.
More than once at Easter he is said to have had a convenient illness which dispensed him from granting absolution to Louis XIV.
The marriage between Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon was celebrated in his presence at Versailles, but there is no reason for supposing that the subsequent coolness between him and Madame de Maintenon arose from his insistence on secrecy in this matter.
During the long strife over the temporalities of the Gallican Church between Louis XIV and Innocent XI, Père de la Chaise supported the royal prerogative, though he used his influence at Rome to conciliate the papal authorities.
He exercised a moderating influence on Louis XIV's zeal against the Jansenists, and Saint-Simon, who was opposed to him in most matters, does full justice to his humane and honorable character.
In spite of failing faculties he continued his duties as confessor to Louis XIV to the end of his long life.
The name of Father de la Chaise became attached to the Jesuit house where he lived – at the time outside the boundaries of Paris – and to the plot of land near that house.
Available both in coupé and a convertible bodystyles, the latter being known as the Volante, the DB9 was the successor of the DB7.
Aston Martin Racing adapted the DB9 for sports car racing, producing the DBR9 for FIA GT1 and the DBRS9 for FIA GT3.
These two cars are modified DB9 models adapted for motorsport; the interior features are removed and the aluminium body panels are replaced by carbon fibre panels.
Production of the DB9 ended after 12 years in 2016, having been replaced by the DB11 which uses an all-new platform and engine.
Although it succeeded the DB7, Aston Martin did not name the car DB8 due to fears that the name would suggest that the car was equipped with a V8 engine (the DB9 has a V12).
In a 2007 interview, the then Aston Martin CEO Dr. Ulrich Bez stated that, though Aston Martin was traditionally a maker of more exclusive automobiles, he believed Aston Martin needed to be more visible and build more cars.
In 2007, the DB9 was revised with upgraded electrical components which helped reliability, new front seat design, LED approach lights on the door handles and lowered suspension (8mm).
The DB9 Volante no longer had a top-speed limiter, allowing it to attain an unrestricted top speed of should conditions allow.
The 2013 model year's new facelift design that resembled the 2011 Virage, as well as increased engine power of up to and of torque.
Later models also offered a Dolby Prologic sound system can be connected to satellite radio, a six-CD changer, an iPod connector, a USB connector, or an auxiliary input jack.
A seating package, which removes the back seats and replaces the front seats with lighter seats made of Kevlar and carbon fibre.
It retains the traditional Aston Martin grille and side strakes, and the design attempts to keep the lines simple and refined.
For the 2013 model year, Aston Martin made minor changes to the bodywork by adapting designs from the 2011 Virage, including enlarging the recessed headlight clusters with bi-xenon lights and LED daytime running strips, widening the front splitter, updating the grille and side heat extractors, updating the LED rear lights with clear lenses and integrating a new rear spoiler with the boot lid.
The 2009 model year DB9 had an increase of engine power and torque, as the V12 now has a power output of and of torque, resulting in a power to weight ratio of 271 PS per tonne, an increase of 11 PS per tonne over the previous model.
The top speed increased to and the 0 to acceleration time improved by 0.1 seconds to 4.6 seconds for the manual version of the car.
The DB9 can be equipped with either a six-speed conventional manual gearbox manufactured by Graziano Trasmissioni or a six-speed ZF Friedrichshafen 6HP26 'Touchtronic II' automatic gearbox featuring paddle-operated semi-automatic mode.
The 2014 model year featured a revised 'Touchtronic 3' gearbox, which offered faster gear shifts thanks to a new valve box and integrated transmission controls.
The body structure is composed of aluminium and composite materials melded together by mechanically fixed self-piercing rivets and robotic assisted adhesive bonding techniques.
The bonded aluminium structure is claimed to possess more than double the torsional rigidity of its predecessor's, despite being 25 percent lighter.
To protect occupants from rollovers, the Volante has strengthened the windshield pillars and added two pop-up hoops behind the rear seats.
In an effort to improve the Volante's ride while cruising, Aston Martin have softened the springs and lightened the anti-roll bars in the Volante, leading to a gentler suspension.
The retractable roof of the Volante is made of folding fabric and takes 17 seconds to be put up or down.
The original car was limited to to retain the integrity of the roof, this limitation was removed on the upgraded 2007 model onwards.
On newer models, like the coupé's, the Volante's power output and torque have increased to and respectively for the 2009 model year, and and respectively for the 2013 model year.
To commemorate Aston Martin's GT1 victory at the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans, Aston Martin introduced the DB9 LM (Le Mans) in the first quarter of 2008.
The LM was only available in a special Sarthe Silver exterior colour, named after the Circuit de la Sarthe, where Le Mans is run, and has red brake calipers, a chromed mesh grill, and a special black leather interior, with red stitching and the Le Mans track stitched on the central console.
However, some dealers did not take their allocation with the result that only 69 DB9 LM's were finally built by the factory.
Following the success of several special edition models of other Aston Martin cars, like the V12 Vantage Carbon Black and the DBS Carbon Black, Aston Martin announced three special edition models of the DB9 in 2011: the DB9 Carbon Black, Morning Frost, and Quantum Silver.
All three models have the same 5.9-litre V12 engine as the base DB9, which has a power output of and of torque.
This includes a black center console and interior door handles on the inside, and black grills, a black tailpipe, and black 10-spoke wheels on the outside.
The interior also has numerous add-ons to make the car more sporty, including silver stitching for the leather and a polished glass gear stick.
However, on the interior, the Morning Frost is fitted with metallic bronze leather and a black center console and interior door handles.
The DB9 Quantum Silver uses a silver paint scheme also found on the DBS in Quantum of Solace, hence its name.
The Quantum Silver has the same semi-automatic transmission as its counterparts, and shares a modified sports exhaust with the Carbon Black.
The DB9 has been adapted for use in sports car racing by Aston Martin Racing, a collaboration between Aston Martin and Prodrive.
It retains the DB9's 5.9-litre V12 engine, but has been extensively modified to decrease weight as well as to improve performance and has a final displacement of .
Most of the car's aluminium body panels have been replaced with carbon fibre panels, and several external features, like a front splitter and a rear wing, have been added to increase the car's downforce.
The transmission in the DBR9 is a Xtrac six-speed sequential manual, containing a Salisbury friction-plate limited-slip differential, and the prop shaft made of carbon fibre.
The increase of engine power and weight reduction allows the DBR9 to accelerate from 0 to in 3.4 seconds, and 0 to in 6.4 seconds.
The DBR9 won in its debut at the 2005 12 Hours of Sebring, and has gone on to take wins in the American Le Mans Series, Le Mans Series, FIA GT Championship, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
While the engine is shared with the DBR9, it has been detuned and has a power output of and of torque.
The DBRS9 is equipped with either a six-speed H-pattern gearbox or a six-speed sequential gearbox box and has a 0 to acceleration time of 3.4 seconds and a top speed of .
The car additionally raced in the FIA GT3 European Championship for which it was designed before being replaced by a GT3 version of the V12 Vantage in 2011.
Both Edmunds.com and Road & Track critiqued the DB9 for not having as good handling as its competitors, noting that the car isn't stiff enough.
Likewise, reviewers complained that the space for cargo was limited, though many quipped the small back seats could help hold luggage.
Ratu Sir Josefa Lalabalavu Vana'ali'ali Sukuna (22 April 1888 – 30 May 1958) was a Fijian chief, scholar, soldier, and statesman.
He did more than anybody to lay the groundwork for self-government by fostering the development of modern institutions in Fiji, and although he died a dozen years before independence from the United Kingdom was achieved in 1970, his vision set the course that Fiji was to follow in the years to come.
Sukuna was born into a chiefly family on Bau, off the island of Viti Levu, the largest island in the Fiji archipelago.
After joining the Audit Office as a clerk at an early age, Ratu Madraiwiwi had steadily worked his way up through the civil service, establishing connections along the way that were later to prove decisive in the life of his son.
Ratu Vuibureta was the sixth son of Ratu Banuve Baleivavalagi the 3rd Vunivalu of Bau from 1770 to 1803 and Adi Litia from Lakeba.
Although he was not accorded a chiefly title from Bau his birthplace, he was installed as the second Tui Lau in 1938 following the traditional process of consultation between the Yavusa Tonga of Sawana in Lomaloma and the endorsement of the Tui Nayau, Ratu Tevita Uluilakeba II following the passing of Ratu Alifereti Finau Ulugalala as referenced in the TRY Lakeba and TRY Tonga.
Although Sukuna was an indigenous Fijian, his father enrolled him at the Wairuku Indian School in Ra, founded in 1898 by Pandit Badri Maharaj, who later served from 1917 to 1929 as the first Indo-Fijian member of Fiji's Legislative Council (the forerunner to the present Parliament.
Andrew was a colourful character, an Oxford-educated Anglican clergyman who had converted to Roman Catholicism and then back again, before sailing for the mission field in Fiji.
Largely as a result of Andrew's influence, the young Ratu Sukuna was sent to the prestigious Wanganui Collegiate School in Wanganui, New Zealand.
Sukuna hoped to remain in New Zealand to pursue a university degree, but his source of funds dried up and he was forced to return to Fiji, where, in 1907, he joined the civil service as a fifth class clerk.
His superb command of English, however, ensured his rapid promotion and it was not long before he became the chief translator for the government.
In 1909 he was invited by his uncle, Ratu Alfred Finau Ulukalala, to return to the Lau Islands to become the assistant master of the Lau Provincial School at Lakeba.
At Lakeba, Sukuna formed what was to be another key relationship in his life, with the young English headmaster, Arthur Maurice Hocart.
No Fijians to date had graduated from a university, and the British colonial administration was unwilling to encourage higher learning for the natives.
However, Ratu Madraiwiwi was personally acquainted with the colonial Governor, Sir Francis Henry May, and in 1911 asked him to try to arrange for his son to study at a British university on the grounds that he had passed the matriculation exams at Wanganui Collegiate School.
May's influence persuaded the British Colonial Secretary, reluctantly, to grant Sukuna a one-year leave of absence from his responsibilities in Fiji to study history at Wadham College, Oxford, in 1913.
The British government, however, had a policy of refusing enlistment to Fijians, a policy rationalised by a wish to avoid exploiting the native people.
Believing that Fijians would never gain the respect of their British rulers, without proving their worth on the battlefield, Sukuna enlisted in the French Foreign Legion instead.
He returned to France the following year, however, with the Native Transport Detachment, a newly formed contingent assisting the British Army.
He proceeded to the Middle Temple in London, and by 1921 had graduated with both a BA and an LL.B degree.
Meanwhile, Sukuna's father had died in 1920, and he had to return to Fiji to take his place as head of the mataqali, or clan.
He became a chief assistant in the Native Lands Commission in 1922, and a decade later he was stationed in Lomaloma, and also on the island of Lakeba in the Lau Islands, as a district and provincial commissioner.
In many respects, this formalised what had long been the reality that he was the most influential chief in Fiji, notwithstanding the seniority enjoyed by other chiefs.
Sukuna's education complemented his lineage: he was a descendant of Fijian and Lauan royalty, and no other chief held a university degree.
The British government had completely reversed its former position of not permitting natives to enlist, and the Fijian Battalion, commanded by Ratu Edward Cakobau (a relative of Sukuna's) fought with distinction.
At long last, Fijians had begun to earn the respect of the British authorities, and after the war, they began steps towards fostering self-government in Fiji.
Prior to 1940, each clan individually negotiated the terms of leasing the land to those who farmed it, resulting in a wide variation of lease terms.
The then colonial governor, Sir Arthur Richards, proposed establishing a central body to hold the land in trust and lease it to willing farmers on terms that would be uniform throughout Fiji.
The pressing need of the time was to provide land for a growing population of Indo-Fijian farmers, without expropriating it from its Fijian owners, and to do so in a way that was consistent.
The landowners were being asked to surrender, forever, the control of their land, and entrust its administration to a central authority that would act in the national interest, as well as that of the owners.
Rather than rely on radio broadcasts or printed flyers, he determined to take the proposal in person to every village in the country.
After explaining it to the people, he would leave to allow the idea to percolate and would return later to answer more questions.
He said that while self-government was indeed the goal in the South Pacific, it would have to be of a kind that the local people could understand and work with.
Sukuna has created a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1939 and awarded a knighthood in 1946, in recognition of his services to Fiji.
After receiving a second knighthood KCMG in 1953, Ratu Sukuna was appointed the first native-born Speaker (politics) of the Legislative Council in 1954.
Although it was only partially elected and had few of the powers of the modern Parliament of Fiji, the Legislative Council provided a venue for Fiji's future leaders to gain experience in the workings of government.
In 1956, Ratu Sukuna encouraged the formation of Fiji's first political party, the Fijian Association under the leadership of Ratu Edward Cakobau.
Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna was married twice, first to Adi Maraia Vosawale (1903–1956) in 1928, and later to Maca Likutabua (1934–2000) in September 1957, eight months before his death.
Although he did not live to see Fiji gain its independence (in 1970), the role he played in the pre-independence years was crucial; without him, there might not have been a Fijian state or its creation would almost certainly have been delayed.
Not only was his personal role decisive, he also mentored several of the men who were to play pivotal roles in the post-independence years.
Upon his passing Ratu Sukuna had nothing more to his name but 50 cents which was concluded that in a sense, he gave everything he had to his nation and investing in the education of his successors.
Long after his death, they continued to regard him as their mentor and saw the implementation of his vision as their sacred responsibility.
Even today, now that the torch has been passed to a younger generation, most Fijian politicians, even from the Indo-Fijian community, regard themselves as heirs of his legacy.
This is a list of television programs currently, formerly, and soon to be broadcast by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's CBC Television.
Bede's description of Coifi is that of the chief of priests in Northumbria; the fact that he is the chief priest suggests that there was some sort of organised pagan priesthood in existence during Coifi's time.
Whilst we know very little about Coifi we do at least know of some of the aspects of his priestly life.
Bede informs us of some of the restrictions placed upon Coifi as a priest, such as not being allowed to bear arms or ride a stallion.
Coifi was one of the people King Edwin of Northumbria sought for advice on whether to convert to Christianity as preached by Paulinus, chaplain to his Christian queen Ethelburga.
Coifi mounted a stallion and rode from the king's council (which according to local tradition was held at the royal summer encampment at Londsborough), to the temple of Woden at Goodmanham, where he cast a spear into the altar before setting the building on fire, as the people watched.
Holding a council with the wise men King Edwin asked of every one in particular what he thought of the new doctrine and the new worship that was preached.
For none of you people has applied himself more diligently to the worship of our gods than I; and yet there are many who receive greater favors from you, and are more preferred than I, and who are more prosperous in all their undertakings.
Now if the gods were good for anything, they would rather forward me, who have been more careful to serve them.
So this life of man appears for a short space, but of what went before or what is to follow we are utterly ignorant.
But now I freely confess that such evident truth appears in this preaching as can confer on us the gifts of life, of salvation, and of eternal happiness.
This is a list of football clubs that compete within the leagues and divisions of the English football league system) as far down as Level 10, that is to say, six divisions below the English Football League.
The City Circle, also referred to as Melbourne tram route 35 is a zero-fare tram running around the Melbourne City Centre in Australia.
Aimed mainly at tourists, the route passes many Melbourne attractions while running along the city centre's outermost thoroughfares, as well as the developing Docklands waterfront precinct.
The tram route was introduced on 29 April 1994, requiring a small track extension along Spring Street, between Collins and Flinders Streets, to enable a complete CBD loop to be formed.
The Federal Government's Building Better Cities program funded the $6.4 million capital cost of the track expansion, while the State Government funded the running costs.
Until January 2003 the western leg of the original route of the tram was down Spencer Street, but the route was then extended west to run through Docklands.
In April 2008, the service adopted the daylight saving timetable on a permanent basis, operating from 10:00 to 21:00 every Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
On 30 May 2009, the route was altered for a second time, being extended from Harbour Esplanade to the NewQuay and Waterfront City precincts via Docklands Drive.
It follows Spring Street between Flinders and Bourke Streets, but travels along Nicholson Street and Victoria Street before turning into La Trobe Street.
At the junction of Harbour Esplanade and Latrobe Street trams turn off the loop to run to and from a terminus towards the end of Docklands Drive, Waterfront City Docklands.
The City Circle route is operated by heritage W class trams liveried in burgundy with gold trim, however rolling stock shortages often see Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board liveried traditional green liveried W Class trams on the service.
The City Circle operates at a headway of 12 minutes in both directions, with the service taking approximately 60 minutes to complete a loop.
An average of three million passengers uses the service every year, with each tram circling the city 9 times a day, or 12 times when the tram operates to 21:00.
It returned in 2001 for two more series until 2003 along with specials in 2002, 2003 and 2004 (and a short Comic Relief sketch in 2005).
The special was titled 'How to Be Absolutely Fabulous' and featured Jennifer Saunders as she enters the BBC studio in which the woman at reception is unaware of who Saunders is.
A second special, released in 1998 and titled 'Absolutely Fabulous: A Life' features Edina and her mother as she and a camera crew are filming the story of Edina's life in a documentary.
Edina talks about her surroundings in the charity shop, a setting that she is unaccustomed to and certainly is not to her taste.
A Comic Relief sketch was broadcast on 11 March 2005 which sees Edina and Patsy reluctantly accompany Emma Bunton to the taping of Comic Relief at the BBC Television Centre.
Inside, a member of the production staff can't find Emma's name on the list of presenters, prompting Edina to suggest they check again under Queen Noor or Lulu.
Emma and Edina bicker in a dressing room when Edina insists that the point of Emma's participation should be to gain greater exposure for herself.
When Richard visits the dressing room to apologise for Emma having been left off the list, Edina and Patsy fail to recognise him and ask him to fetch Richard straightaway.
When the production staffer returns to collect Emma (now scheduled to appear after Graham Norton), Edina and Patsy first conceal (in the dressing room) and then loudly acknowledge (on-stage, live, during the Comic Relief special) Emma's departure.
A Sport Relief special was broadcast on 23 March 2012 and follows Edina as she is busy training for a Sport Relief charity function with Emma Bunton with disastrous results while Patsy fills in for her downstairs in a meeting with Stella McCartney.
Patsy ends up taking the credit for Edina's idea to feature Kate Moss and David Gandy in the magazine, but the only condition is that Patsy must not let Edina anywhere near the shoot.
On 9 August 1961, the Holtaheia Accident took place as a Vickers VC.1 Viking passenger aeroplane, G-AHPM operated by Cunard Eagle Airways, transporting schoolboys from The Archbishop Lanfranc School in Thornton Heath, London, crashed into the mountainside above the farm (Holtaheia).
Andrea Palladio ( , ; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic.
Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of the most influential individuals in the history of architecture.
The city of Vicenza, with its 23 buildings designed by Palladio, and 24 Palladian villas of the Veneto are listed by UNESCO as part of a World Heritage Site named City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto.
When he was thirteen, his father arranged for him to be an apprentice stonecutter for a period of six years in the workshop of Bartolomeo Cavazza da Sossano, a noted sculptor, whose projects included the altar in the Church of Santa Maria dei Carmini in Padua.
Bartolomeo Cavazza is said to have imposed particularly hard working conditions: Palladio fled the workshop in April 1523 and went to Vicenza, but was forced to return to fulfil his contract.
He became an assistant to a prominent stonecutter and stonemason, Giovanni di Giacomo da Porlezza in Pedemuro San Biagio, where he joined the guild of stonemasons and bricklayers.
His career was unexceptional until 1538–39; when he had reached the age of thirty, he was employed by the humanist poet and scholar Gian Giorgio Trissino to rebuild his residence, the Villa Trissino at Cricoli.
Trissino was deeply engaged in the study of ancient Roman architecture, particularly the work of Vitruvius, which had become available in print in 1486.
He took another, longer trip to Rome with Trissino from the autumn of 1545 to the first months of 1546, and then another trip in 1546–1547.
Trissino also gave him the name by which he became known, Palladio, an allusion to the Greek goddess of wisdom Pallas Athene and to a character of a play by Trissino.
These were sometimes influenced by the work of his predecessor, Giulio Romano, and were similar to the villa of his patron, Gian Giorgio Trissino, at Cricoli, for which he had built an addition before his first trip to Rome.
There is a central block flanked by two wings, the central block is recessed and the two wings are advanced and more prominent.
Palladio made numerous changes and additions over the years, adding lavish frescoes framed by classical columns in the Hall of the Muses of the Villa Godi in the 1550s.
In his early works in Vicenza in the 1540s, he sometimes emulated the work of his predecessor Giulio Romano, but in doing so he added his own ideas and variations.
One of the most important works of his early Vicenza period is the Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza (1546), the palace of the city government.
He did not construct the building from the ground up, but added two-story loggias to the exterior of an older building, which had been finished in 1459.
For the facade, Palladio made harmonious use of two levels of arcades with rounded arches and columns, which opened up the exterior of the building to the interior courtyard.
The Palazzo del Capitaniato, the offices of the Venetian governor of the region, is a later variation on the urban palace, built in Vicenza facing the Basilica Palladiana, and the finest of his late urban palaces.
The red brick of the walls and columns and the white stone of the balustrades and bases of the columns give another contrast.
He had travelled to Rome in 1549, hoping to become a Papal architect, but the death of Pope Paul III ended that ambition.
His patron, Gian Giorgio Trissino, died in 1550, but in the same year Palladio gained new supporter, the powerful Venetian aristocrat Daniele Barbaro.
In addition to the Barbaros, the aristocratic Cornaro, Foscari, and Pisani families supported Palladio's career, while he continued to construct a series of magnificent villas and palaces in Vicenza in his new classical style, including the Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza, the Villa Pisani in Montagnana, and the Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese.
These books, reprinted in different languages and circulated widely in Europe, secured his reputation as the most influential figure in the renewal classical architecture, a reputation which only continued to grow after his death.
The Hall of the Four Columns, the grand salon, could be entered by a grand stairway from either the front or back of the house.
Palladio placed niches in the walls of this salon, which were later filled with full-length statues of the ancestors of the owner.
Villa Barbaro (begun 1557) at Maser was an imposing suburban villa, built for the brothers Marcantonio and Daniele Barbaro, who were respectively occupied with politics and religious affairs in the Veneto, or Venice region.
The central hall, The Hall of Olympus on the ground floor, was decorated with Roman gods and goddesses, but when one mounted the stairs, the long upper floor was in the form of a cross and Christian images predominate.
The villa also has a series of remarkable frescos and ceiling paintings by Paolo Veronese combining mythical themes with scenes of everyday life.
Behind the villa, Palladio created a remarkable nymphaeum, or Roman fountain, with statues of the gods and goddesses of the major rivers of Italy.
The height of the base is exactly the height of the attic, and the width of each portico exactly half the length of the facade.
Daniele Barbaro and his younger brother Marcantonio introduced Palladio to Venice, where he developed his own style of religious architecture, distinct from and equally original as that of his villas.
His first project in Venice was the cloister of the church of Santa Maria della Carità (1560–61), followed by the refectory and then the interior of the San Giorgio Monastery (1560–1562), His style was rather severe compared with the traditional lavishness of Venetian Renaissance architecture.
San Georgio Maggiore was later given a new facade by Vincenzo Scamozzi (1610), which integrated it more closely into the Venetian skyline.
The facade features a particularly imposing classical portico, like that of the Pantheon in Rome, placed before two tall bell towers, before an even higher cupola, which covers the church itself.
An open balustrade runs around the top of the interior wall, concealing the base of the dome itself, making it appear that the dome is suspended in the air.
He achieves a perfect balance between the circle and the cross, and the horizontal and vertical elements, both on the facade and in the interior.
The final work of Palladio was the Teatro Olimpico in the Piazza Matteotti in Vincenza, built for the theatrical productions of the Olympic Society of Vicenza, of which Palladio was a member.
The back wall of the stage was in the form on an enormous triumphal arch divided into three levels, and three portals through which he actors could appear and disappear.
Documents show that he received a dowry in April 1534 from the family of his wife, Allegradonna, the daughter of a carpenter.
He died on 19 August 1580 at either Vicenza or Maser, and was buried in the church of Santa Corona in Vicenza.
The German architects David Gilly and his son Friedrich Gilly were also admirers of Palladio, and constructed palaces for the German Emperor Frederick-William III in the style, including the Paretz Palace.
The first English architect to adapt Palladio's work was Inigo Jones, who made a long trip to Vicenza and returned full of Palladian ideas.
Another variation, the Marble Bridge, was made for Empress Catherine the Great of Russia for her gardens at Tsarskoe Selo near Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Another English admirer was the architect, Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Cork, also known as Lord Burlington, who, with William Kent, designed Chiswick House.
The influence of Palladio also reached to the United States, where the architecture and symbols of the Roman Republic were adapted for the architecture and institutions of the newly independent nation.
The Massachusetts governor and architect Thomas Dawes also admired the style, and used it when rebuilding Harvard Hall at Harvard University in 1766.
More than 330 of Palladio's original drawings and sketches still survive in the collections of the Royal Institute of British Architects, most of which originally were owned by Inigo Jones.
Jones collected a significant number of these on his Grand Tour of 1613–1614, while some were a gift from Henry Wotton.
The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., a nonprofit membership organization, was founded in 1979 to research and promote understanding of Palladio's influence in the architecture of the United States.
The basic elements of Italian Renaissance architecture, including Doric columns, lintels, cornices, loggias, pediments and domes had already been used in the 15th century or earlier, before Palladio.
At the beginning of the High Renaissance in the early 16th century, Bramante used these elements together in the Tempietto in Rome (1502), which combined a dome and a central plan based on a Greek Cross.
The Farnese Palace in Rome (1530–1580) by Sangallo introduced a new kind of Renaissance palace, with monumental blocks, ornate cornices, lateral wings and multiple stairways.
Michelangelo had made a plan for a central dome at Saint Peter's Basilica and added a new loggia to the facade of the Farnese Palace.
His buildings were very often placed on pedestals, raise them up and make them more visible, and so they could offer a view.
The villas very often had loggias, covered arcades or walkways on the outside of upper levels, which gave a view of the scenery or city below, and also gave variety to the facade.
When he designed his rustic villas and suburban villas, he paid particular attention to the site, integrating them as much as possible into nature, either by sites on hilltops or looking out at gardens or rivers.
The Sarlian window, or Venetian window, also known as a Palladian window, was another common feature of his style, which he used both for windows and the arches of the loggias of his buildings.
It consists of an arched window flanked by two smaller square windows, divided by two columns or pilasters and often topped by a small entablature and by a small circular window or hole, called an oculus.
These particular features originally appeared in the triumphal arches of Rome, and had been used in the earlier Renaissance by Bramante, but Palladio used them in novel ways, particularly in the facade of the Basilica Palladiana and in the Villa Pojana.
In his later work, particularly the Palazzo Valmarana and the Palazzo del Capitaniato in Vicenza, his style became more ornate and more decorative, with more sculptural decoration on the facade, tending toward Mannerism.
His success as an architect is based not only on the beauty of his work, but also for its harmony with the culture of his time.
His success and influence came from the integration of extraordinary aesthetic quality with expressive characteristics that resonated with his clients' social aspirations.
This powerful integration of beauty and the physical representation of social meanings is apparent in three major building types: the urban palazzo, the agricultural villa, and the church.
The Palazzo Antonini in Udine, constructed in 1556, had a centralized hall with four columns and service spaces placed relatively toward one side.
In his urban structures he developed a new improved version of the typical early Renaissance palazzo (exemplified by the Palazzo Strozzi).
Adapting a new urban palazzo type created by Bramante in the House of Raphael, Palladio found a powerful expression of the importance of the owner and his social position.
The main living quarters of the owner on the second level were clearly distinguished in importance by use of a pedimented classical portico, centered and raised above the subsidiary and utilitarian ground level (illustrated in the Palazzo Porto and the Palazzo Valmarana).
The tallness of the portico was achieved by incorporating the owner's sleeping quarters on the third level, within a giant two-story classical colonnade, a motif adapted from Michelangelo's Capitoline buildings in Rome.
He consolidated the various stand-alone farm outbuildings into a single impressive structure, arranged as a highly organized whole, dominated by a strong centre and symmetrical side wings, as illustrated at Villa Barbaro.
Alongside the painter Paolo Veronese, he invented the complex and sophisticated illusionistic landscape paintings that cover the walls of various rooms.
The Palladian villa configuration often consists of a centralized block raised on an elevated podium, accessed by grand steps, and flanked by lower service wings, as at Villa Foscari and Villa Badoer.
This format, with the quarters of the owners at the elevated centre of their own world, found resonance as a prototype for Italian villas and later for the country estates of the British nobility (such as Lord Burlington's Chiswick House, Vanbrugh's Blenheim, Walpole's Houghton Hall, and Adam's Kedleston Hall and Paxton House in Scotland).
The configuration was a perfect architectural expression of their world view, clearly expressing their perceived position in the social order of the times.
The Palladian villa format was easily adapted for a democratic world view, as may be seen at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello and his arrangement for the University of Virginia.
It also may be seen applied as recently as 1940 in Pope's National Gallery in Washington D.C., where the public entry to the world of high culture occupies the exalted centre position.
The rustication of exposed basement walls of Victorian residences is a late remnant of the Palladian format, clearly expressed as a podium for the main living space for the family.
Similarly, Palladio created a new configuration for the design of Catholic churches that established two interlocking architectural orders, each clearly articulated, yet delineating a hierarchy of a larger order overriding a lesser order.
This idea was in direct coincidence with the rising acceptance of the theological ideas of St. Thomas Aquinas, who postulated the notion of two worlds existing simultaneously: the divine world of faith, and the earthly world of humans.
Palladio created an architecture which made a visual statement communicating the idea of two superimposed systems, as illustrated at San Francesco della Vigna.
In a time when religious dominance in Western culture was threatened by the rising power of science and secular humanists, this architecture found great favor with the Catholic Church as a clear statement of the proper relationship of the earthly and the spiritual worlds.
These pressure groups, based on their relationship with United Kingdom policy makers, can be divided into insider groups, who have high degree of involvement and influence and outsider groups, who have little or no direct involvement or influence.
Spin Boldak () is a border town and the headquarters of Spin Boldak District in the southern Kandahar province of Afghanistan, next to the Durand Line border with Pakistan.
It is linked by a highway with the city of Kandahar to the north, and with Chaman and Quetta in Pakistan to the south.
Kandahar and Quetta are about 40 and respectively distant by air, and have the closest medium-sized airports; Pishin, Pakistan has a small airport to the east.
The town was the site of a suicide bombing in February 2008 that killed 38 Afghans and injured several Canadian soldiers.
In April 2010, three nephews of the former governor of Spin Boldak district, Hajji (or Haji) Fazluddin Agha, aged 15, 13 and 12, were killed in a bomb attack.
The bomb was attached to a donkey which was led to the checkpoint in front of the former governor's home and detonated by remote control.
Hajji Fazluddin Agha, according to the report, is of one of President Hamid Karzai’s most important political allies in Kandahar, and had also served as Mr. Karzai’s top campaign official in Kandahar Province.
In 1891 the British extended the Indian Railways system (now Pakistan Railways) to the border town of Chaman via the Khojak Tunnel from Qilla Abdullah, from the east and thence south.
Over much of the last century, there have been proposals to extend the Chaman line to Afghanistan and possibly beyond, passing through Spin Boldak.
In July 2010, Pakistan and Afghanistan signed a Memorandum of understanding for going ahead with the laying of rail tracks between the two countries.
The composition consists of five movements, and in both its tempi and arrangement of thematic material, the piece is in a characteristic arch form (ABCBA).
The tempi between two sections are related by a ratio of 3:2, introduced at the end of each section by either tuplet or dotted rhythms, respectively.
Sections I and V have the same harmonic structure, sections II and IV have both the same harmonic structure and the same words.
The first and longest movement is based on canons, while the second, performed without pause, utilizes a theme and variations structure.
The third movement, the only slow movement, features call-and-response, and continues without pause into the finale, which recapitulates in turn the structures of the first three movements.
It was the first major composition by Reich to reference explicitly his new-found interest in his Jewish heritage, and his Judaism as such.
Typically, Reich's music is characterised by a steady pulse and the repetition of a comparatively small amount of melodic material emanating from a clear tonal centre (a style of writing which is called 'minimalist').
However, these aspects together constitute only the broad outlines of the work; how they are presented is markedly different from his early work.
Secondly, the musical setting of lengthy 3-4 line texts results in the composition of extended melodies at that point atypical for Reich.
As such, this second aspect of extended melody contributes to the appearance of structures not without precedent in Western musical history.
The non-vibrato, non-operatic vocal production will also remind listeners a singing style derived from outside the tradition of 'Western Art Music'.
None of the writing is informed by the sound or structure (in spite of the composer's recent study of Hebrew cantillation) of Jewish music generally or any existing tradition for singing the Biblical text.
Johann Ulrich von Cramer (8 November 1706 – 18 June 1772) was an eminent German judge, legal scholar, and Enlightenment philosopher.
Cramer was the most important representative of Wolffianism in the area of law; he was first a university professor at the University of Marburg and then one of the highest judges of the Holy Roman Empire, both in Vienna and Wetzlar.
The West Ukrainian People's Republic (, , ZUNR) was a short-lived republic that existed from November 1918 to July 1919 in eastern Galicia.
It included the cities of Lviv, Przemyśl, Ternopil, Kolomyia, Boryslav and Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk), and claimed parts of Bukovina and Carpathian Ruthenia.
Politically, the Ukrainian National Democratic Party (the precursor of the interwar Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance) dominated the legislative assembly, guided by varying degrees of Greek Catholic, liberal and socialist ideology.
The coat of arms of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was azure, a lion rampant or (a golden lion rampant on a field of blue).
According to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, the territory claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic had about 5.4 million people.
Of these, 3,291,000 (approximately 60%) were Ukrainians, 1,351,000 (approximately 25%) were Poles, 660,000 (approximately 12%) were Jews, and the rest included Rusyns, Germans, Hungarians, Romanians, Czechs, Slovaks, Romani, Armenians and others.
The cities and towns of this largely rural region were mostly populated by Poles and Jews, while the Ukrainians dominated the countryside.
This would prove problematic for the Ukrainians, because the largest city, Lviv (, ), had a majority Polish population and was considered to be one of the most important Polish cities.
Rail connections to Russian-ruled Ukraine or Romania were few: Brody on a line from Lviv to the upper Styr River, Pidvolochysk (Podwoloczyska) on a line from Ternopil to Proskurov (now Khmelnytskyi) in Podolia, and a line along the Prut from Kolomyia (Kolomca) to Chernivtsi (Czernowitz) in Bukovina.
The Ukrainian National Rada (a council consisting of all Ukrainian representatives from both houses of the Austrian parliament and from the provincial diets in Galicia and Bukovina) had planned to declare the West Ukrainian People's Republic on November 3, 1918 but moved the date forward to November 1 due to reports that the Polish Liquidation Committee was to transfer from Kraków to Lviv.
Shortly after the republic proclaimed independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire a popular uprising took place in Lviv, where most residents were Polish and did not want to be part of a non-Polish state.
On November 9 Polish forces attempted to seize the Drohobych oil fields by surprise but were driven back, outnumbered by the Ukrainians.
The resulting stalemate saw the Poles retaining control over Lviv and a narrow strip of land around a railway linking the city to Poland, while the rest of eastern Galicia remained under the control of the West Ukrainian National Republic.
Meanwhile, two smaller states immediately west of the West Ukrainian People's Republic, also declared independence as result of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Since western Ukraine had a different tradition in its legal, social and political norms it was to be autonomous within a united Ukraine.
Well-versed in the culture of the Austrian parliamentary system and an orderly approach to government, they looked upon the socialist revolutionary attitude of their Kiev-based peers with some dismay and with the concern that the social unrest in the East would spread to Galicia.
Likewise, the West Ukrainian troops were more disciplined while those of Kiev's Ukrainian People's Army were more chaotic and prone to committing pogroms, something actively opposed by the western Ukrainians.
Relations between the exiled Western Ukrainian government and the Kiev-based government continued to deteriorate, in part because the Western Ukrainians saw the Poles as the main enemy (with the Russians a potential ally) while Symon Petliura in Kiev considered the Poles a potential ally against his Russian enemies.
In response to the Kiev government's diplomatic talks with Poland, the Western Ukrainian government sent a delegation to the Soviet 12th Army, but ultimately rejected Soviet conditions for an alliance.
In August 1919, Kost Levytsky, head of the Western Ukrainian state secretariat, proposed an alliance with Anton Denikin's White Russians which would involve guaranteed autonomy within a Russian state.
On the one hand, they were wary of the Galicians' Russophobia and concerned about the effect of such an alliance on their relationship with Poland.
On the other hand, the Russians respected the discipline and training of the Galician soldiers and understood that an agreement with the Western Ukrainians would deprive Kiev's Ukrainian People's Army, at war with the Russian Whites, of its best soldiers.
In November 1919 the Ukrainian Galician Army, without authorization from their government, signed a ceasefire with the White Russians and placed their army under White Russian authority.
In talks with Kiev's Directorate government, Western Ukrainian president Petrushevych argued that the Whites would be defeated anyway but that the alliance with them would strengthen relations with the Western powers, who supported the Whites, and would help the Ukrainian military forces for their later struggle against the victorious Soviets.
As a result, Petrushevych recognized that the West Ukrainian government could no longer work with Petliura's Directorate and on November 15 the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic left for exile in Vienna.
In April 1920, Józef Piłsudski and Symon Petliura agreed in the Treaty of Warsaw to a border on the river Zbruch, officially recognizing Polish control over the disputed territory of Eastern Galicia.
In exchange for agreeing to a border along the Zbruch River, recognizing the recent Polish territorial gains in western Ukraine, as well as the western portions of Volhynian Governorate, Kholm Governorate, and other territories (Article II), Poland recognized the Ukrainian People's Republic as an independent state (Article I) with borders as defined by Articles II and III and under otaman Petliura's leadership.
These efforts ultimately resulted in the League of Nations declaring on February 23, 1921 that Galicia lay outside the territory of Poland, that Poland did not have the mandate to establish administrative control in that country, and that Poland was merely the occupying military power of Eastern Galicia, whose fate would be determined by the Council of Ambassadors at the League of Nations.
The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic then disbanded, while the Polish government reneged on its promise of autonomy for eastern Galicia.
From November 22 to November 25 elections took place in Ukrainian-controlled territory for the 150-member Ukrainian National Council that was to serve as the legislative body.
Subordinated to him was the State Secretariat, whose members included Kost Levytsky (president of the secretariat and the Republic's minister of finance), Dmytro Vitovsky (head of the armed forces), Lonhyn Tsehelsky (secretary of internal affairs), and Oleksander Barvinsky (secretary of education and religious affairs), among others.
The country essentially had a two-party political system, dominated by the Ukrainian National Democrats and by its smaller rival, the Ukrainian Radical Party.
The ruling National Democrats gave some of their seats to minor parties in order to ensure that the government represented a broad national coalition.
In terms of the Ukrainian National Council's social background, 57.1% of its members came from priestly families, 23.8% from peasant households, 4.8% from urban backgrounds, and 2.4% from the petty nobility.
In terms of the identified council members' vocational background, approximately 30% were lawyers, 22% were teachers, 14% were farmers, 13% were priests, and 5% were civil servants.
The West Ukrainian People's Republic governed an area with a population of approximately 4 million people for much of its nine-month existence.
Lviv functioned as the Republic's capital from November 1 until the loss of that city to Polish forces on November 21, followed by Ternopil until late December 1918 and then by Stanislaviv (present-day Ivano-Frankivsk) until May 26, 1919.
Despite the war, the West Ukrainian People's Republic maintained the stability of the pre-war Austrian administration intact, employing Ukrainian and Polish professionals.
The county, regional, and local courts continued to function as they had while the country had been a part of Austria, as did schools, the postal service, telegraphs and railroads.
Likewise, the government generally retained the Austrian system of tax collection, although war losses had impoverished the population and the amount of taxes collected was minimal.
Although ethnic Poles represented only a small minority in the rural areas, prior to World War I almost 39% of eastern Galician lands had been in the hands of large Polish landowners.
The Western Ukrainian People's Republic passed laws that confiscated vast manorial estates from private landlords and distributed this land to landless peasants.
The government was able to mobilize 100,000 soldiers in the spring of 1919, but due to a lack of military supplies only 40,000 were battle-ready.
According to Hrytsak during the entire time of its existence there were no cases of mass repressions against national minorities in territories held by the West Ukrainian People's Republic, Hrytsak states that this differentiated the Ukrainian government from that of Poland.
Katarzyna Hibel writes that while officially West Ukrainian People's Republic like Poland declared guarantees of rights of its national minorities, in reality both countries were violating them and treated other foreign nationalities like fifth column.
According to this law, however, members of national minorities had the right to communicate with the government in their own languages.
Historian Rafał Galuba writes that Polish population was treated as second class citizens by West Ukrainian authorities After 1 November several members of Polish associations were arrested or interned by Ukrainian authorities; similar fate awaited officials who refused to swear an oath of loyalty to Ukrainian state.
On 6 November a ban on Polish press and publications was issued in Lviv by Ukrainian authorities and printing presses demolished (Poles had similarly banned Ukrainian publications in territories they controlled ) Ukrainian authorities tried to intimidate Polish population in Lviv by sending soldiers and armed trucks into the streets and dispersed crowds that could turn to Polish demonstrations.
Christoph Mick states that initially, the Ukrainian government refused to take Polish hostages but as both the Polish civilian and military resistance to Ukrainian forces grew, Polish civilians were threatened with summary executions by Ukrainian commander in chief for alleged attacks and shots on Ukrainian soldiers.
In response, the Polish side proposed a peaceful solution of the conflict and joint Polish-Ukrainian militia to oversee the public safety in the city.
On 29 May 1919 archbishop Jozef Bilczewski sent a message to Ignacy Paderewski attending Peace Conference in Paris, asking for help in facing brutal murders of Polish priests and civilians by Ukrainians.
All fieldwork was stopped, the harvest destroyed and machinery purposely broken; Poles also issued to keep up the morale among the population.
In response Ukrainian authorities engaged in terror, including mass executions, court martial and set up detention centers where some Poles were interned.
The conditions in these camps involved unheated wooden barracks, lack of bedding and lack of medical care, resulting in high levels of morbidity from typhoid.
Estimated casualties at these camps include nearly 900 at a camp in Kosiv, according to various sources from 300 to 600 (dying from typhoid) in Mikulińce, 100 in Kołomyja, and 16 to 40 in Brzeżany, due to unheated barracks at temperatures of -20 degrees Celsius.
Mick acknowledges that Ukrainian side during the siege of Lviv stopped caring about supplies reaching the city and attempted to disrupt water supply to city.
Although relations between Poles and the West Ukrainian People's Republic were antagonistic, those between the Republic and its Jewish citizens was generally neutral or positive.
Deep-seated rivalries existed between the Jewish and Polish communities, and anti-Semitism, particularly supported by the Polish National Democratic Party, became a feature of Polish national ideology.
In contrast to the antagonistic position taken by Polish authorities towards Jews, the Ukrainian government actively supported Jewish cultural and political autonomy as a way of promoting its own legitimacy.
The Western Ukrainian government guaranteed Jewish cultural and national autonomy, provided Jewish communities with self-governing status, and promoted the formation of Jewish national councils which, with the approval of the Western Ukrainian government, established the Central Jewish National Council in December 1918 to represent Jewish interests in relation to the Ukrainian government and to the Western allies.
The Council of Ministers of the West Ukrainian National Republic bought Yiddish-language textbooks and visual aids for Jewish schools and provided assistance to Jewish victims of the Polish pogrom in Lviv.
Reflecting the republic's demographics, approximately one-third of the seats in the national parliament were reserved for the national minorities (Poles, Jews, Slovaks and others).
The Poles boycotted the elections, while the Jews, despite declaring their neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict, participated and were represented by approximately 10 percent of the delegates.
Localized anti-Jewish assaults and robberies by Ukrainian peasants and soldiers, while far fewer in number and less brutal than similar actions by Poles, occurred between January and April 1919.
The government publicly condemned such actions and intervened in defence of the Jewish community, imprisoning and even executing perpetrators of such crimes.
By the orders of Yevhen Petrushevych it was forbidden to mobilize Jews against their will or to otherwise force them to contribute to the Ukrainian military effort.
Although Jewish political organizations officially declared their neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian struggle, many individual Jews offered their support or sympathized with the West Ukrainian government in its conflict with Poland.
Jewish officers of the defunct Austro-Hungarian army joined the West Ukrainian military, and Jewish judges, lawyers, doctors and railroad employees joined the West Ukrainian civil service.
Jews were also able to create their own police units, and in some locations the Ukrainian government gave local Jewish militias responsibility for the maintenance of security and order.
Jews fielded their own battalion in the army of the Western Ukrainian National Republic, and Jewish youths worked as scouts for the West Ukrainian military.
In general, Jews made up the largest group of non-ethnic Ukrainians who participated in all branches of the West Ukrainian government.
The liberal attitude taken towards Jews by the Western Ukrainian government could be attributed to the Habsburg tradition of inter-ethnic tolerance and cooperation leaving its mark on the intelligentsia and military officers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The republic issued about one hundred types of postage stamps during its brief existence, all but two of which were overprints of existing stamps of Austria, Austria-Hungary or Bosnia.
The known elementary particles respect rotation and translation symmetry but do not respect mirror reflection symmetry (also called P-symmetry or parity).
Parity violation in weak interactions was first postulated by Tsung Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang in 1956 as a solution to the τ-θ puzzle.
These experiments were performed half a year later and they confirmed that the weak interactions of the known particles violate parity.
However, parity symmetry can be restored as a fundamental symmetry of nature if the particle content is enlarged so that every particle has a mirror partner.
Mirror particles interact amongst themselves in the same way as ordinary particles, except where ordinary particles have left-handed interactions, mirror particles have right-handed interactions.
While in the case of unbroken parity symmetry the masses of particles are the same as their mirror partners, in case of broken parity symmetry the mirror partners are lighter or heavier.
The only way mirror matter can interact with ordinary matter via forces other than gravity is via kinetic mixing of mirror bosons with ordinary bosons or via the exchange of Holdom particles.
In another context, mirror matter has been proposed to give rise to an effective Higgs mechanism responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking.
In such a scenario, mirror fermions have masses on the order of 1 TeV since they interact with an additional interaction, while some of the mirror bosons are identical to the ordinary gauge bosons.
Sheldon Glashow has shown that if at some high energy scale particles exist which interact strongly with both ordinary and mirror particles, radiative corrections will lead to a mixing between photons and mirror photons.
The mixing between photons and mirror photons could be present in tree level Feynman diagrams or arise as a consequence of quantum corrections due to the presence of particles that carry both ordinary and mirror charges.
In the latter case, the quantum corrections have to vanish at the one and two loop level Feynman diagrams, otherwise the predicted value of the kinetic mixing parameter would be larger than experimentally allowed.
If mirror matter does exist in large abundances in the universe and if it interacts with ordinary matter via photon-mirror photon mixing, then this could be detected in dark matter direct detection experiments such as DAMA/NaI and its successor DAMA/LIBRA.
In fact, it is one of the few dark matter candidates which can explain the positive DAMA/NaI dark matter signal whilst still being consistent with the null results of other dark matter experiments.
Mirror matter may also be detected in electromagnetic field penetration experiments and there would also be consequences for planetary science and astrophysics.
Because mirror matter is analogous to ordinary matter, it is then to be expected that a fraction of the mirror matter exists in the form of mirror galaxies, mirror stars, mirror planets etc.
This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors.
Microbiologists generally work in some way to increase scientific knowledge, or to utilize that knowledge in a way that improves outcomes in medicine or some industry.
Microbiologists working in the medical field, such as clinical microbiologists, may see patients or patient samples and do various tests to detect disease-causing organisms.
For microbiologists working in academia, duties include performing research in an academic laboratory, writing grant proposals to fund research, as well as some amount of teaching and designing courses.
Microbiologists in industry roles may have similar duties except research is performed in industrial labs in order to develop or improve commercial products and processes.
Microbiologists working in government may have a variety of duties, including laboratory research, writing and advising, developing and reviewing regulatory processes, and overseeing grants offered to outside institutions.
Clinical microbiologists tend to work in government or hospital laboratories where their duties include analyzing clinical specimens to detect microorganisms responsible for disease.
Some microbiologists instead work in the field of science outreach, where they develop programs and material to educate students and non-scientists and stimulate interest in the field of microbiology.
These degree programs frequently include courses in chemistry, physics, statistics, biochemistry, and genetics, followed by more specialized courses in sub-fields of interest.
This often includes time spent as a postdoctoral researcher wherein one leads research projects and prepares to transition to an independent career.
Postdoctoral researchers are often evaluated largely based on their record of published academic papers, as well as recommendations from their supervisors and colleagues.
This is true for clinical microbiologists, as well as those involved in food safety and some aspects of pharmaceutical/medical device development.
Microbiologists will continue to be needed to advance basic science knowledge and to contribute to development of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products.
In the United States, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that employment of microbiologists will grow 4 percent from 2014 (22,400 employed) to 2024 (23,200 employed).
This represents slower growth than the average occupation, as well as slower growth than life scientists as a whole (6 percent projected).
Lynda Susan Weinman (born January 24, 1955) is an American business owner, computer instructor, and author, who founded an online software training website, lynda.com, with her husband, Bruce Heavin.
Weinman, with self-taught computer skills, worked in the film industry as a special effects animator, and became a faculty member at Art Center College of Design, UCLA, American Film Institute, and San Francisco State University multimedia studies program teaching computer graphics, animation, interactive design, and motion graphics.
Weinman attributes her initial interest in computers to her having taught herself how to use an Apple II when a boyfriend brought it home.
The company was founded in Ojai, California and has since moved to Ventura and Carpinteria, California, where, as of 2013, it employs nearly 500 full-time staff members and more than 140 teachers who earn royalties from their shared revenue model.
Lynda.com evolved from its original conception as a free web resource for Lynda's students, to the site for her books on web design, to the registration hub for physical classrooms and conferences, to an online virtual knowledge library, where today, members may watch software and technology courses in several categories (3D and animation, audio, business, design, development, home computing, photography, video, and web and interactive design).
The company has since acquired the companies video2brain, an Austrian-based provider of online classes in web design and programming, available in German, French, Spanish, and English languages, and Compilr, provider of an online editor and sandbox.
Lynda.com and United Digital Artists Productions, Inc. (UAD) co-founded the Flashforward Conferences and the Flash Film Festival, which first took place in 1999.
The Flashforward Conference, the first event focused on Macromedia Flash, held fourteen events in San Francisco, New York, London, and Amsterdam, serving more than 20,000 attendees over six years.
The Flash Film Festival presented more than 200 awards to Flash sites and applications, to winners from more than 30 countries.
Weinman is the namesake and benefactor for the 'Lynda Lab', the Experimental Effects Lab in the Center for Creative and Applied Media (CCAM) at her alma mater, The Evergreen State College.
Weinman and Heavin also have contributed to scholarships at Art Center College of Design, as well as an ongoing endowment for additional scholarships.
Carlos Castillo Armas (; November 4, 1914 – July 26, 1957) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who was the 28th president of Guatemala, serving from 1954 to 1957 after taking power in a coup d'état.
Arana and Castillo Armas opposed the newly elected government of Juan José Arévalo; after Arana's failed 1949 coup, Castillo Armas went into exile in Honduras.
Influenced by Cold War fears of communism and the pressure from the United Fruit Company, in 1952 the US government of President Harry Truman authorized Operation PBFORTUNE, a plot to overthrow Arévalo's leftist successor, President Jacobo Árbenz.
Castillo Armas was to lead the coup, but the plan was abandoned before being revived in a new form by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953.
Despite initial setbacks to the rebel forces, US support for the rebels made the Guatemalan army reluctant to fight, and Árbenz resigned on June 27.
A series of military juntas briefly held power during negotiations that ended with Castillo Armas assuming the presidency on July 7.
Castillo Armas consolidated his power in an October 1954 election, in which he was the only candidate; the MLN, which he led, was the only party allowed to contest congressional elections.
He created a National Committee of Defense Against Communism, which investigated over 70,000 people and added 10 percent of the population to a list of suspected communists.
His reversal of the reforms of his predecessors sparked a series of leftist insurgencies in the country after his death, culminating in the Guatemalan Civil War of 1960 to 1996.
Ubico's successor Federico Ponce Vaides pledged to hold free elections, but continued to suppress dissent, leading progressives in the army to plot a coup against him.
The plot was initially led by Árbenz and Aldana Sandoval; Sandoval persuaded Francisco Javier Arana, the influential commander of the Guardia de Honor, to join the coup in its final stages.
For seven months, between October 1945 and April 1946, Castillo Armas received training at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, coming in contact with American intelligence officers.
After serving on the General Staff, he became director of the military academy until early 1949, at which point he was made the military commander at Mazatenango, a remote military garrison.
He was at Mazatenango when Arana launched his failed coup attempt against Arévalo on July 18, 1949, and was killed: Castillo Armas did not hear of the revolt until four days later.
Nick Cullather and Andrew Fraser state that Castillo Armas was arrested in August 1949, that Árbenz had him imprisoned under doubtful charges until December 1949, and that he was found in Honduras a month later.
Benefiting from decades of support from the US government, by 1930 the company was already the largest landowner and employer in Guatemala.
Feeling threatened by Árbenz's reforms, the company responded with an intensive lobbying campaign directed at members of the United States government.
Walter Bedell Smith, the Director of Central Intelligence, ordered J. C. King, the chief of the Western Hemisphere Division, to examine whether dissident Guatemalans could topple the Árbenz government if they had support from the authoritarian governments in Central America.
Castillo Armas had encountered the CIA in January 1950, when a CIA officer learned he was attempting to get weapons from Anastasio Somoza García and Rafael Trujillo, the right-wing authoritarian rulers of Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic, respectively.
Speaking to the CIA, he had stated that he had the support of the Guardia Civil (the Guatemalan Civil Guard), the army garrison at Quezaltenango, as well as the commander of Matamoros, the largest fortress in Guatemala City.
A few days after his last meeting with the CIA, Castillo Armas had led an assault against Matamoros along with a handful of supporters.
The engineer dispatched by the CIA to liaise with Castillo Armas informed the CIA that Castillo Armas had the financial backing of Somoza and Trujillo.
Somoza was involved in the scheme; the CIA also contacted Trujillo, and Marcos Pérez Jiménez, the US-supported right-wing dictator of Venezuela, who were both supportive, and agreed to contribute some funding.
Accounts of the final termination of the coup attempt vary: some argue that it was due to the US State Department discovering the coup, while others say that it was due to Somoza spreading information about the CIA's role in it, leading to the coup's cover being blown.
Castillo Armas's services were retained by the CIA, who paid him $3,000 a week, which allowed him to maintain a small force.
The money paid to Castillo Armas has been described as a way of making sure that he did not attempt any premature action.
Castillo Armas made plans to use groups of soldiers in civilian clothing from Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador to kill political and military leaders in Guatemala.
Senior figures in his administration, including Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and his brother and CIA director Allen Dulles, had close ties to the United Fruit Company, making Eisenhower more strongly predisposed than Truman to support Árbenz's overthrow.
The plans included drawing up lists of people within Árbenz's government to be assassinated if the coup were to be carried out.
A team of diplomats who would support PBSUCCESS was created; the leader of this team was John Peurifoy, who took over as the US ambassador in Guatemala in October 1953.
Although his status as a civilian gave him an advantage over Castillo Armas, he was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1954, taking him out of the reckoning.
This led to the selection of Castillo Armas, the former lieutenant of Arana, who had been in exile following the failed coup in 1949.
He also had the advantage of having had a clerical education during his exile, and therefore the support of Guatemala's archbishop.
Castillo Armas was given enough money to recruit a small force of approximately 150 mercenaries from among Guatemalan exiles and the populations of nearby countries.
The CIA established training camps in Nicaragua and Honduras, and supplied them with weapons as well as several planes flown by American pilots.
Prior to the invasion of Guatemala, the US signed military agreements with both of those countries, allowing it to move heavier arms freely.
These preparations were only superficially covert: the CIA intended Árbenz to find out about them, as a part of its plan to convince the Guatemalan people that the overthrow of Árbenz was inevitable.
The US propaganda campaign began well before the invasion, with the United States Information Agency writing hundreds of articles on Guatemala based on CIA reports, and distributing tens of thousands of leaflets throughout Latin America.
The CIA persuaded the governments that were friendly to it to screen video footage of Guatemala that supported the US version of events.
This station began broadcasting on May 1, 1954, carrying anti-communist messages and telling its listeners to resist the Árbenz government and support the liberating forces of Castillo Armas.
The station claimed to be broadcasting from deep within the jungles of the Guatemalan hinterland, a message that many listeners believed.
In actuality, the broadcasts were concocted in Miami by Guatemalan exiles, flown to Central America, and broadcast through a mobile transmitter.
On June 15, 1954 these four forces left their bases in Honduras and El Salvador and assembled in various towns just outside the Guatemalan border.
The largest force was supposed to attack the Atlantic harbor town of Puerto Barrios, while the others were to attack the smaller towns of Esquipulas, Jutiapa, and Zacapa, the Guatemalan Army's largest frontier post.
The invasion plan quickly faced difficulties; the 60-man force was intercepted and jailed by Salvadoran policemen before it got to the border.
The invasion provoked a brief panic in the capital, which quickly decreased as the rebels failed to make any significant headway.
Travelling on foot and weighed down by weapons and supplies, Castillo Armas's forces took several days to reach their targets, although their planes blew up a bridge on June 19.
The force of 122 men targeting Zacapa was intercepted and decisively beaten by a small garrison of 30 Guatemalan soldiers, with only 30 rebels escaping death or capture.
The force that attacked Puerto Barrios was defeated by policemen and armed dockworkers, with many of the rebels fleeing back to Honduras.
These attacks caused little material damage, but they had a significant psychological impact, leading many citizens to believe that the invasion force was more powerful than it actually was.
Gleijeses stated that if it were not for US support for the rebellion, the officer corps of the Guatemalan army would have remained loyal to Árbenz because although not uniformly his supporters, they were more wary of Castillo Armas; they had strong nationalist views, and were opposed to foreign interference.
Árbenz decided to arm the civilian population to defend the capital; this plan failed, as an insufficient number of people volunteered.
At this point, Colonel Carlos Enrique Díaz de León, the chief of staff of the Guatemalan army, reneged on his support for the president and began plotting to overthrow Árbenz with the assistance of other senior army officers.
Historian Hugo Jiménez wrote that Castillo Armas's invasion did not pose a significant direct threat to Árbenz; rather, the coup led by Diaz and the Guatemalan army was the critical factor in his overthrow.
Immediately afterward, Díaz announced that he would be taking over the presidency in the name of the Guatemalan Revolution, and stated that the Guatemalan army would still fight against Castillo Armas's invasion.
At first, Díaz attempted to placate Peurifoy by forming a junta with Colonel Elfego Monzón and Colonel José Angel Sánchez, and led by himself.
Peurifoy continued to insist that he resign, until Díaz was overthrown by a rapid bloodless coup led by Monzón, who, according to Gleijeses, was more pliable.
The US State Department persuaded Óscar Osorio, the dictator of ElSalvador, to invite Monzón, Castillo Armas, and other significant individuals to participate in peace talks in San Salvador.
Osorio agreed to do so, and after Díaz had been deposed, Monzón and Castillo Armas arrived in the Salvadoran capital on June 30.
Castillo Armas wished to incorporate some of his rebel forces into the Guatemalan military; Monzón, was reluctant to allow this, leading to difficulties in the negotiations.
The negotiations nearly broke down on this issue on the very first day, and so Peurifoy, who had remained in Guatemala City to give the impression that the US was not heavily involved, traveled to San Salvador.
Peurifoy was able to force an agreement due to the fact that neither Monzón nor Castillo Armas was in a position to become or remain president without the support of the US.
The deal was announced at 4:45am on July 2, 1954, and under its terms, Castillo Armas and his subordinate, Major Enrique Trinidad Oliva, became members of the junta led by Monzón, although Monzón remained president.
The settlement negotiated by Castillo Armas and Monzón also included a statement that the five-man junta would rule for fifteen days, during which a president would be chosen.
Monzón, left outnumbered on the junta, also resigned, and on July 8, Castillo Armas was unanimously elected president of the junta.
Castillo Armas was the only candidate; he won the election with 99 percent of the vote, completing his transition into power.
Castillo Armas became affiliated with a party named the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional (MLN), which remained the ruling party of Guatemala from 1954 to 1957.
It was led by Mario Sandoval Alarcón, and was a coalition of municipal politicians, bureaucrats, coffee planters, and members of the military, all of whom were opposed to the reforms of the Guatemalan Revolution.
Historians have estimated that more than 3,000 people were arrested following the coup, and that approximately 1,000 agricultural workers were killed by Castillo Armas's troops in the province of Tiquisate.
In August 1954, the government passed Decree59, which permitted the security forces to detain anybody on the blacklist of the CDNCC for six months without trial.
Castillo Armas also removed the right to vote from all illiterate people, who constituted two-thirds of the country's population, and annulled the 1945 constitution, giving himself virtually unbridled power.
His government launched a concerted campaign against trade unionists, in which some of the most severe violence was directed at workers on the plantations of the United Fruit Company.
His presidency faced opposition from the beginning: agricultural laborers continued to fight Castillo Armas's forces until August 1954, and there were numerous uprisings against him, especially in the areas that had experienced significant agricultural reform.
On Labor Day in 1956, members of the government were booed off a stage at a labor rally, while officials who had previously been in the Árbenz administration were cheered.
Overall, the government had to deal with four serious rebellions, in addition to the coup attempt by the cadets in 1954.
Castillo Armas's government also attempted to reverse the agrarian reform project initiated by Árbenz, and large areas of land were seized from the agrarian laborers who had received them under Árbenz and given to large landowners.
Thousands of peasants who attempted to remain on the lands they had received from Árbenz were arrested by the Guatemalan police.
However, the repressive atmosphere at the time in which the decrees were passed meant that very few peasants could take advantage of them.
Ultimately, Castillo Armas did not go as far towards restoring the power and privileges of his upper-class and business constituency as they would have liked.
Castillo Armas's dependence on the officer corps and the mercenaries who had put him in power led to widespread corruption, and the Eisenhower administration was soon subsidizing the Guatemalan government with many millions of USdollars.
Castillo Armas proved unable to attract sufficient business investment, and in September 1954 asked the US for 260million USD in aid.
Despite examining many hundreds of thousands of documents, this operation failed to find any evidence that the Soviet Union was controlling communists within Guatemala.
Castillo also found himself too dependent on a coalition of economic interests, including the cotton and sugar industries in Guatemala and real estate, timber, and oil interests in the US, to be able to seriously pursue reforms that he had promised, such as free trade with the US.
By April 1955 the Guatemalan government's foreign exchange reserves had declined from $42million at the end of 1954 to just $3.4million.
By the end of 1954 the number of unemployed people in the country had risen to 20,000, four times higher than it had been during the latter years of the Árbenz government.
In April 1955 the Eisenhower administration approved an aid package of $53million and began to underwrite the debt of the Guatemalan government.
Although officials in the USgovernment complained about Castillo Armas's incompetence and corruption, he also received praise in that country for acting against communists, and his human rights violations generally went unremarked.
In 1955, during a corn famine, Castillo Armas gave corn import licenses to some of his old fighters in return for a $25,000 bribe.
Castillo Armas returned some of the privileges that the United Fruit Company had had under Ubico, but the company did not benefit substantially from them; it went into a gradual decline following disastrous experiments with breeding and pesticides, falling demand, and an anti-trust action.
The assassin, named Romeo Vásquez Sánchez, was a member of the presidential guard; he approached Castillo Armas as he was walking with his wife and shot him twice.
There is no conclusive information about whether Vásquez was acting alone or whether he was a part of a larger conspiracy.
However, supporters of Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, who had also been a candidate in the election, rioted, after which the army seized power and annulled the result, and another election was held.
Historian Nick Cullather wrote that by overthrowing Árbenz, the CIA ended up undermining its own initial goal of a stable Guatemalan government.
He further states that, although Castillo Armas probably would have committed the human rights violations that he did even without a US presence, the US State Department had certainly aided and abetted the process.
The rolling back of the progressive policies of the previous civilian governments resulted in a series of leftist insurgencies in the countryside beginning in 1960.
This triggered the Guatemalan Civil War between the US-backed military government of Guatemala and leftist insurgents, who often boasted a sizable following among the citizenry.
An additional eleven members were allocated by a London wide top-up vote, with the proviso that parties must win at least 5% of the vote to qualify for list seats.
This latter rule prevented both the British National Party and the Respect Party from winning a seat each as both fell just short of the 5% threshold.
This election saw losses for Labour and the Greens and gains for both the Liberal Democrats and UKIP, who achieved their first representation in the Assembly since its creation in 2000.
The Conservative Party gained Brent and Harrow from Labour (who lost 7.6% of their vote), however they lost it again in the 2008 election.
There were also large swings away from Labour in Barnet and Camden, City and East, Ealing and Hillingdon, Greenwich and Lewisham, Havering and Redbridge and West Central.
The Liberal Democrats lost votes in most constituencies, but made gains in Enfield and Haringey, Lambeth and Southwark and Merton and Wandsworth.
UKIP gained large percentages of the vote in Bexley and Bromley, Croydon and Sutton, Greenwich and Lewisham and Havering and Redbridge.
Animal Man was a minor character for his first twenty years, never gaining the popularity of other DC heroes such as Batman or Superman.
However, he became one of several DC properties, such as Shade, the Changing Man and Sandman, to be revived and revamped in the late 1980s for a more mature comics audience.
In the period that saw Alan Moore reinvent the Swamp Thing, and Neil Gaiman do the same with the Sandman, Animal Man was reimagined by Scottish writer Grant Morrison.
Although the series was initially conceived as a four-issue limited series, it was upgraded into an ongoing series following strong sales.
Buddy's wife Ellen, his son Cliff (9 years old at the beginning of the series), and his daughter Maxine (5 years old) featured prominently in most storylines, and his relationship with them, as husband, father, and provider, was an ongoing theme.
Buddy fought several menaces, such as an ancient, murderous spirit that was hunting him; brutal, murderous Thanagarian warriors; and even the easily defeated red robots of an elderly villain who was tired of life.
The series made deep, sometimes esoteric references to the entire DC canon, including B'wana Beast, the Mirror Master, and Arkham Asylum.
Soon after the launch of his series, Animal Man briefly became a member of Justice League Europe, appearing in several early issues of their series.
Following Morrison's run, Peter Milligan wrote a six-issue story featuring several surreal villains and heroes, exploring questions about identity and quantum physics and utilizing the textual cut-up technique popularized by William Burroughs.
Tom Veitch and Steve Dillon, then took over for 18 issues in which Buddy returns to his work as a movie stuntman and explores mystical totemic aspects of his powers.
The superhero elements of the book were largely removed—since Buddy was reborn as a kind of animal elemental, and legally deceased, he discarded his costume, stopped associating with other heroes, and generally abandoned his crimefighting role.
He co-founded the Life Power Church of Maxine to further an environmentalist message, drifting along U.S. Route 66 to settle in Montana.
A brief run by Jerry Prosser and Fred Harper featured a re-reborn Buddy as a white-haired shamanistic figure before the series was canceled after the 89th issue due to declining sales.
After the cancellation of his own series, Animal Man made cameos in several other titles, returning to his standard costumed form.
The storyline of the relaunched version essentially builds on previous Animal Man continuity with Buddy as a happily married family man and superhero.
Buddy is forced to take his family on the run after he discovers that his daughter Maxine is the avatar of The Red (the force which sustains all animal life), and that agents of The Rot (the elemental force of decay that are also called The Black) are seeking to kill her.
After an apparently unsuccessful stint as a superhero, followed by a hiatus where he utilized his powers to work as a film stuntman, Baker decided to restart and make a career out of it after being inspired by the headline-making Justice League International; this is where his self-titled series begins.
Through the series, Animal Man becomes a man of great compassion toward all creatures, an ardent animal rights activist, an environmentalist, and a vegetarian.
Later, he finds his link to the M-field has been passed on to his daughter, Maxine, who is also connected to the animal kingdom.
A jacket was added to Animal Man's costume (so he could have pockets and a place to put his keys as well as notes from his wife).
However, this jacket was denim and not a leather jacket: Buddy specifically discusses that he will not wear leather, out of moral considerations.
An early aspect of the character was his desire for fame, and is manifested by his wish to be in the Justice League.
Buddy joins the newly formed Justice League Europe and bonds with Dmitri of the Rocket Reds over the shared experiences of being fathers.
The conditions he witnesses at the testing facilities compel him to become vegetarian, a sudden decision that briefly puts him at odds with his family.
He also begins experiencing evidences of his existence within a comic book, although he does not immediately understand them for what they are.
He is targeted for murder by a mysterious organization upset with his environmental work, and must face the new Mirror Master.
Baker is also pursued by Dr. James Highwater, a physicist with no memory of any prior existence, and seemingly no purpose other than to contact Baker.
While away on a vision quest with Highwater, in which he learns the true nature of his powers and briefly sees the comic's reader, Baker's family is brutally murdered by an assassin sent by the corporate heads seeking to stop his environmental work.
With the help of the Mirror Master (who had turned down the hit), Baker tracks down the businessmen and assassin and kills them.
While trying to undo his family's deaths with a time machine, Baker accidentally becomes warped through time and meets the Phantom Stranger, Jason Blood, and the Immortal Man in the 1960s, who help him learn to accept his grief.
Baker is then contacted by the aliens and taken to Arkham, where he stops the Psycho-Pirate and prevents damage to the continuity.
Ultimately, Baker encounters his own writer (Grant Morrison himself), and the two share a conversation on the relationship between the creator and the fictional characters whose lives he writes.
After this encounter, Baker is sent back home and his family are restored back to life; it is left ambiguous as to whether or not Baker remembers the full nature of these events.
Next, after falling into a coma, Buddy finds himself in a strange alternative reality, which he correctly deduces is a divergent phase of existence and is then able to return home.
They are themselves targeted by a group of shamans, one of whom was present at Animal Man's origin, and who are aware of the yellow aliens and the writer.
During this time, Baker's daughter Maxine begins demonstrating powers similar to his own and is able to communicate with the head shaman, who is attempting to bring Baker to him.
After an accident in which Baker kills the entire population of the San Diego Zoo, his wife takes their daughter to live with her mother in Vermont to avoid the media attention.
Labs for his expertise, and while there he uncovers a conspiracy involving one of the shamans, but is mentally trapped in cyberspace.
He occasionally lent his talents to various superhero groups, including the JLA and the Forgotten Heroes, and played a prominent role in the Swamp Thing's task force, the Totems.
This marked the reappearance of Buddy in costume, and heralded his return to the mainstream DC Universe (although his Vertigo appearances were clearly meant to take place inside the DCU as well).
Animal Man kept out of the spotlight during the OMAC Project that was happening, and was very devastated when he heard the news that his good friend Rocket Red VII was killed by the OMACS in Moscow.
The two of them had been good friends since the JLE back in the 80'S, they both had families, and got along quite well in the JLE.
In issue #36, during a battle with Lady Styx and her horde, Animal Man is killed by a necrotoxin, which causes its victims to rise again in the service of Lady Styx.
Animal Man must reach out to another life form in order to survive, and claims the abilities of a group of Sun-Eaters, including their homing sense.
He observes his wife from a wormhole in space provided by the aliens, only to discover that Ellen is seeing another man (though it is later revealed she only reluctantly went out with one of Buddy's friends).
She delivers Buddy's jacket and faints from weakness and surprise when she sees him alive, leaving the family to care for her.
Buddy's powers have been in a state of flux, not working at all at some times and manifesting strange abilities at others, such as creating a whirlwind or firing energy beams.
Once their extraterrestrial trip is done, Starfire leaves the Baker home, telling them that they will always be in her heart.
2) #25, Buddy is drawn into Vixen's animal totem and captured by the trickster god Anansi, who claims to be the one who gave Buddy his powers, having disguised himself as the aliens (whilst reminding Vixen and Buddy that he constantly lies).
After escaping the totem and defeating Anansi, Animal Man went back to the JLA Headquarters to thank the JLA for their aid.
While he and his family are entertaining Starfire and Donna Troy, Buddy is approached by Mikaal Tomas and Congorilla, who ask him for help in tracking down the supervillain Prometheus.
He accompanies them to the JLA Watchtower to seek help from the Justice League, and is present when the Red Arrow is mauled by an unknown attacker.
While searching for the Red Arrow's assailant, Buddy is assaulted and brutally injured by Freddy Freeman, who ultimately turns out to be Prometheus in disguise.
Buddy is later revealed to be a member of the JLA's reserve team, and joins the League during their battle against Eclipso.
Buddy later starts to suffer strange nightmares about three monstrous figures, known as the Hunters Three, and his own daughter Maxine, who has started to manifest powers of her own by which she can seemingly resurrect dead animals.
When Buddy and his wife Ellen discover this, Maxine tells them that someone has been calling her from a certain place and points to the red tattoo on Buddy's chest, referring to The Red.
When their neighbor Mr. Duffy starts to notice the revived pets of the Baker family, Maxine retaliates by turning Mr. Duffy's hands into bird talons.
Meanwhile, three hippopotamuses give birth to the Hunters Three, who assume the form of three zookeepers, and prepare to hunt Buddy and Maxine.
While in The Red, Buddy and Maxine find themselves face to face with a group of massive animal men called the Totems.
The Totems welcome Buddy as Maxine identifies them as the old Animal Men, since they have been coming to her in her dreams.
Thus, the Totems give Buddy the identity of Animal Man so that he can train Maxine for the upcoming battle between The Red and The Black (a.k.a.
Buddy tells them that Maxine is four years old and is not old enough to fight in any of the wars.
When Animal Man is outmatched by the two Hunters, Maxine ends up coming to the rescue, using her abilities to fend them off.
After Maxine heals Animal Man, the Totems tell them that the Hunters Three were formerly avatars of The Red, until their job was done and they ended up led astray by The Black.
Since the other avatars of The Red are dead, the Hunters Three are now planning to target Maxine and Animal Man must protect her.
While the ones that are associated with The Green can help Animal Man, a cat Totem named Ignatius (under the alias of Socks the Cat) goes with Animal Man and Maxine, despite the cost of being unable to return to the Parliament of the Limbs.
When the Hunters Three drag Cliff and Detective Krenshaw into the woods, they demand that Cliff call his father to them.
While Ellen fights to keep the Hunters Three from devouring Cliff, Animal Man, Maxine, and Ignatius fly towards Mary's farm, where they learn from Mary that Ellen and Cliff are in danger.
When one of the Hunters fills Animal Man with visions of when they finally take over Maxine and make her an avatar of The Black, Maxine uses her abilities to revive the dead animals and send them to help her father.
The Hunter states that, by allowing Maxine to use her powers, she has begun to spread the influence of The Black.
While Animal Man tells Maxine that what had happened isn't her fault, Ignatius states that there is no going back as only the Swamp Thing can save them now.
Still fleeing from the Hunters Three, Animal Man and the Baker family are informed by Ignatius that they still need to find the Swamp Thing in order to get help in protecting Maxine from the Hunters Three.
Stopping in a nearby town, Cliff looks for a charger for his cell phone while Maxine tells Ellen and Mary about the Hunters Three and their association with The Black.
Later that night, Animal Man has a dream where John Constantine shows him that Maxine will gain control over his powers and fight the Hunters Three with the Swamp Thing should Animal Man fail to protect her.
Although Maxine is defeated, she disappears into The Red and forms a new body after a nearby fox lost its life.
After Ellen finds her and wraps a blanket around her, Maxine sends her old body into The Red to decompose rapidly.
During battle, Animal Man discovers that the Black-infected animals are the thralls of Sethe, the monstrous creature that Animal Man witnessed in a prophetic dream.
While his consciousness is in The Red, Animal Man meets a being called the Shepherd, who helps those who have lost their way in The Red.
The Hunter in Animal Man's body arrives in Los Animas, where he uses the nearby roadkill to enter The Rot and capture Maxine.
The Shepherd is convinced by Animal Man to guide him to the Totems, where they must traverse through the Sea of Blood and the Desert of Flesh, though parts of The Rot have been sighted in their path.
In La Junta, Colorado, the Baker family encounters John Constantine, Madame Xanadu, and Zatanna of the Justice League Dark, who tell them that Buddy has been lost and they are in danger.
The army of The Red learn that Animal Man is the father of the avatar of The Red and agree to take him to the Parliament of Limbs.
When Animal Man sees different Totems, the Shepherd states that the Totems of The Red change depending on the avatar of The Red's imagination, meaning that Maxine is getting stronger.
Back in The Red, the Totems are not pleased that Animal Man let his body get taken over by one of the Hunters Three.
Animal Man begs for them to give him another chance since they do not have time to find another champion to protect Maxine.
The Totems call forth the Royal Tailors (a pair of yellow alien-like creatures), who inspect Buddy to find a way to make him more durable.
When Animal Man, Cliff, and Ignatius return to the Baker family, Cliff feels woozy and prophetically warns Animal Man that the avatar of The Black is Anton Arcane.
When they arrive in The Black, Animal Man and the Swamp Thing soon find themselves one year into the future, where The Rot has infected most of the Earth.
Animal Man is brought to the Red Kingdom, which used to be San Diego, where Animal Man is informed that the Red Kingdom and the Green Kingdom were the only things left immune to The Rot following Animal Man and the Swamp Thing getting trapped in The Black.
Just then, the Red Kingdom is attacked by an army led by Felix Faust that consists of the Un-Men, the Rotlings, and the rotted heroes and villains.
The Protectors of the Red Kingdom accompany Animal Man in his mission to rescue Maxine, leaving the Red Kingdom in the protection of the Shepherd and the Totems.
Frankenstein tells the heroes that he built the Patchwork Army to be immune to The Black and has heard that Anton Arcane has imprisoned someone beneath Metropolis.
When they arrive in Metropolis, it has been taken over by The Green and they find that the prisoner in question is the Green Lantern Medphyll.
Animal Man and his party learn from Medphyll that the Guardians of the Universe selected him to be Earth's Green Lantern after Earth had fallen to The Black.
When Blackbriar Thorn finds Medphyll free, Animal Man assumes the powers of a termite to get Blackbriar Thorn out of his wooden body.
After recharging his ring from atop the ruins of the Daily Planet, Medphyll helps the Patchwork Army fight off the forces of The Black.
Animal Man and his allies arrive outside of Anton Arcade's castle, which is guarded by rotted versions of the Justice League.
Medphyll then senses that The Green has arrived, as it shows the forces of Swamp Thing attacking the Rotlings and the Un-Men.
When the forces of The Red catch up, Animal Man goes to Swamp Thing's side as Anton unleashes corrupted versions of Maxine and Abigail Arcane.
When Animal Man is separated from the Swamp Thing, Maxine breaks the hold that the remaining Hunters Three have on her.
After Maxine uses her abilities to purge The Black from the remaining Hunters Three, thereby returning them to their previous forms, William Arcane tries to kill Animal Man and Cliff sacrifices his life to kill William Arcane.
The Totems are against this since Cliff is a part of The Red, Maxine is still the avatar of The Red, and Animal Man must remain their champion.
Animal Man and the Justice League are based in Canada and are with some members of the old JLA series, like the Green Arrow, Stargirl, and new members.
With Adam Strange, Supergirl, and the Martian Manhunter, they are helping to find Adam Strange's missing girlfriend, Alana, in space, on their travels as the Justice League United.
After the events in Justice League United, Animal Man went back to care for his family, and took a long break.
Animal Man will be helping the Justice League with some other new reserve members like Adam Strange and the Swamp Thing.
Animal Man was seen as an emergency call on the JLA, the Teen Titans, and the JSA by Batman's request to call in all the heroes wanted to fix the Source Wall, and that there was going to be a war.
Animal Man was seen in issue # 30 of Justice League helping out the JLA, Teen Titans, and JSA with spacetime in the multiverse to defeat Lex Luther, and the Legion of Doom with the help of Perpetua bring tragedy to the DC Universe.
He does this by either focusing on a specific animal near him, or, as he learns later, by drawing power from the animal kingdom in general (this enables him to even mimic animals that are extinct).
During the prison break, Animal Man is ordered to kill Heat Wave by the Atomic Skull, but, despite his powers, he is defeated when Heat Wave bites his nose off and then shatters his skull against a stone staircase.
In his first appearance in the series he explains the importance of the animals left within the sanctuary belonging to Ra's, and explains to Damian the flaw in his fathers method, the short term sidedness that cost so many lives.
He later turns against the League when Damian convinces him, Vixen, and Jason Todd about the carnage Amazo is wreaking on humanity.
Joseph Stalin's rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union transformed the sleepy town into a major coal mining and industrial center in the 1930s.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Novokuznetsk serves as the administrative center of Novokuznetsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Novokuznetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Charter 88 was a British pressure group that advocated constitutional and electoral reform and owes its origins to the lack of a written constitution.
It also has a faint echo of the far more popular mid-19th century Chartist Movement of England that resulted in an unsuccessful campaign for a People's Charter and also Magna Carta or 'Great Charter' of 1215.
Its initial activity resulted in the creation of a Charter which the public was invited to sign and to support with financial contributions.
Anthony Barnett was the first Director and Andrew Puddephatt, former General Secretary of Liberty, became the director of Charter 88 in 1995.
Charter 77 originally appeared as a manifesto published in a West German newspaper that was signed by Czechoslovak citizens representing various occupations, political viewpoints, and religions.
The manifesto was reprinted and circulated as a document inviting other signatures and by the mid-1980s it had been signed by 1,200 people.
Other famous signatories included Martin Amis, Melvyn Bragg, Tim Clement-Jones, Judi Dench, Terry Eagleton, Antonia Fraser, Clement Freud, Stuart Hall, and Christopher Hitchens.
Signatory Lord Scarman chaired the launch in the House of Commons of Charter 88's strategy document 'We can Make it Happen in the Next Ten years', and remained a behind the scenes influence.
Along with this, the organisation's financial situation and a period of resignations and redundancies, created a crisis situation in late 2003.
It worked to get the Armed Forces (Parliamentary Approval for Participation in Armed Conflict) Bill passed through Parliament in cooperation with Clare Short.
Members of Charter 88 and the New Politics Network were balloted in March 2007 on a proposed merger of the two organisations.
Although named after the village of Soestdijk, which is largely in the municipality of Soest, the Soestdijk Palace is just north of the border in the municipality of Baarn in the province of Utrecht.
It was the home for over six decades of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard until their deaths in 2004.
Then the palace originally started as a hunting lodge that was built between 1674 and 1678 by Maurits Post, who was also involved in building two other royal palaces, Huis ten Bosch Palace and Noordeinde Palace.
During the French invasion in 1795, the palace was seized as a spoil of war and turned into an inn for French troops.
It was presented to William II of the Netherlands in 1815 in recognition of his services at the Battle of Waterloo.
From 1816 to 1821, the palace was significantly expanded by adding two wings, the northern or Baarn wing, and the southern or Soest wing.
In 1842 its contents were enriched by the addition of the neoclassical furnishings of his former palace in Brussels, today the Palais des Académies.
Soestdijk became the property of the State of the Netherlands in 1971, though it was used by Princess Juliana (Queen of the Netherlands from 1948–1980) and Prince Bernhard as their official residence until both of their deaths in 2004.
In 2017 the palace was sold to Made in Holland who plan on developing a hotel, event center and 65 houses on the grounds.
Joseph Henry Nuxhall (; July 30, 1928 – November 15, 2007) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, primarily for the Cincinnati Reds.
Immediately after retiring as a player, he became a radio broadcaster for the Reds from 1967 through 2004, and continued part-time up until his death in 2007.
Nuxhall held the team's record for career games pitched (484) from 1965 to 1975, and still holds the team mark for left-handers.
In addition to his 40 years of broadcasting Reds games, Nuxhall is most remembered for having been the youngest player ever to appear in a major league game, pitching of an inning for the Reds on June 10, 1944 at the age of .
Called upon for that one game due to player shortages during World War II, Nuxhall eventually found his way back to the Reds in 1952, and the National League All-Star team in 1955 and 1956.
Meanwhile, Nuxhall was the biggest member of the ninth grade class in nearby Hamilton, Ohio at and —a left-hander with a hard fastball, but not much control.
But they were informed that the elder Nuxhall was not interested in signing a professional contract because of his five children.
After waiting until the following year's basketball season was over, Nuxhall signed a major league contract with the Reds on February 18, 1944.
General manager Warren Giles intended to wait until school was over in June to add him to the team, but more of his players were inducted into the service in the spring.
On June 10, the Reds were playing the first-place (and world-champion-to-be) St. Louis Cardinals at Crosley Field and trailing 13–0 in the ninth inning when Manager Bill McKechnie called on Nuxhall for mopup relief.
But he was unable to get out of the inning, yielding five walks, two hits, one wild pitch and five runs.
But unlike Jake Eisenhart, who made his debut for the Reds the same day by getting the last out of the frame, Nuxhall returned to pitch in the majors.
The 1887 player was actually named Frank Chapman, and he was 25 years old at the time of his only major league appearance.
There have also been sources listing a Billy Geer, who played for the 1874 New York Mutuals of the National Association, as being born in 1859; but this is questionable as well, as is whether the National Association was a major league.
Joe Reliford, a 12-year-old batboy for the Class D Fitzgerald Pioneers, became the youngest person ever to play in a professional baseball game in 1952, when he was called on to pinch-hit.
Following his appearance with the Reds, he was assigned to the Birmingham Barons in the Southern League, but pitched only a third of an inning there (he struck out his first batter, then allowed a hit, five walks, a hit batter and five runs).
Nuxhall attended spring training with the Reds in 1945, but decided to remain home until he finished high school the following year.
He regained his amateur status and played football, basketball and baseball for Hamilton High School as a senior in 1946, earning all-state honors in football and basketball.
Over the next five years, he played in the minor leagues with Syracuse, Lima, Muncie, Columbia, Charleston and Tulsa before returning to the Reds in 1952.
He pitched the final three innings of a 1–19 shellacking by the Brooklyn Dodgers on May 21, 1952, allowing one hit and no runs.
Four days later, he took over for Herm Wehmeier in the fourth inning against the St. Louis Cardinals, but he allowed two runs on six hits in five innings of work and was credited with the 7–6 loss, his first in the majors.
In nine innings of work, he allowed four runs on nine hits, striking out two and walking three, but the Reds lost 4–2.
A month later, he received his first win when he pitched three innings in relief of Harry Perkowski as the Reds rallied in the ninth to win 5–4 over the New York Giants.
Ultimately, Nuxhall played in 37 games, going 1–4 with a 3.22 ERA in 92 innings, having one save while striking out 52 with 42 walks.
In the fielding, he had 24 assists with three putouts and one errors and four double plays for a .964 fielding percentage.
In batting, he had 49 at-bats in 30 games, batting .327 (a career high), having 16 hits and three home runs with eight RBIs, four walks and 13 strikeouts.
He ranked 9th in strikeouts per 9 innings at 4.590, the first of five times he ranked in the top ten over nine seasons.
Nuxhall blossomed in 1955, going 17–12 with a 3.47 ERA on 257 innings with five shutouts (a career and league high) while striking out 98 and walking 78.
Nuxhall ranked in the top ten in numerous categories in the National League that season, such as ERA (7th), wins (3rd), walks & hits per inning (1.237, 7th), innings pitched (2nd), walks (5th), and hits (4th with 240).
The following year, he went 13–11 with a 3.72 ERA in 200 innings and 44 games, having three saves while throwing 10 complete games.
Nuxhall ranked in the top ten of a few categories in the NL, such as strikeouts (10th), strikeouts per nine innings (5.382, 4th), and walks (4th).
He had 11 putouts, 20 assists, four errors (a league high), and one double play turned for a .886 fielding percentage.
For 1960, he did not have the success of the past few years, going 1–8 with a 4.42 ERA in 38 games and 112 innings.
On January 25, 1961, he was traded by the Reds to the Kansas City Athletics for John Briggs and John Tsitouris.
In his one season with Kansas City, he went 5–8 with a 5.34 ERA in 37 games and 128 innings with one save, striking out 81 while walking 65.
He had his second highest batting average at .292 in 65 at-bats, hitting 19 times while having two home runs and 13 RBIs, striking out 18 times while walking six times.
He signed as a free agent with the Baltimore Orioles for the 1962 season, but on April 9, 1962 (one day before the season started), he was purchased by the Los Angeles Angels.
In five games with the team, he had a 10.13 ERA while having no wins or losses, pitching 5 innings while allowing seven hits, six runs, five walks, and two strikeouts.
He went 5–0 with the Reds in twelve games for a 2.45 ERA with one save in 66 innings, striking out 57 while walking 25.
Nuxhall improved for the 1963 season, going 15–8 with a career low 2.61 ERA in 35 games and 217 innings (the second most inning work in his career).
He won his 100th career game on June 29, beating the San Francisco Giants 7–3, pitching nine innings while allowing seven hits, two walks and 11 strikeouts.
Nuxhall regressed slightly the following year, going 9–8 with a 4.07 ERA in 32 games and 154 innings, striking out 111 while walking 51.
For 1965, he went 11–4 with a 3.45 ERA in 32 games and 148 innings, striking out 117 while walking 31 batters.
On July 30, he pitched in his 441th game for the Reds, passing the team record of 440 games pitched by Eppa Rixey.
In a nine inning effort, he allowed eight hits with one runs, eight strikeouts and no walks in a 5–1 win.
The 1966 season (his 16th season along with his 15th for the Reds) proved to be his last in the majors.
He pitched in relief of Sammy Ellis in the top of the eighth inning with two outs and the Braves having taken the lead one batter earlier.
Nuxhall was a better than average hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .198 batting average (152-for-766) with 76 runs, 15 home runs and 78 RBI.
Under the guidance of Hamilton sports broadcaster Ray Motley, he immediately joined the Reds broadcast team despite his lack of broadcasting experience.
A likeness of Nuxhall (see photo) is one of five statues that decorate the main entrance of the stadium (The others are Ernie Lombardi, Ted Kluszewski, Frank Robinson, and Pete Rose).
He was elected to the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1968, and officially retired from the Reds on October 3, 2004, 60 years after his pitching debut, though he still made guest appearances on some game broadcasts.
On June 6, 2007, the Reds honored Nuxhall, Marty Brennaman, and Waite Hoyt with replica microphones that hang on the wall near the radio booth.
In December 2007, Nuxhall was named as one of the ten finalists for the National Baseball Hall of Fame's Ford C. Frick Award, an honor bestowed annually on broadcasters who make major contributions to the game of baseball.
Despite this show of support, it was announced on February 19, 2008 that the Frick election committee had voted in favor of the voice of the Seattle Mariners, Dave Niehaus.
A portion of the proceeds from the book benefits the Joe Nuxhall Character Education Fund, which was established in 2003 to underwrite character development programs and projects for children.
In the days following Nuxhall's death, several radio stations in the Cincinnati area devoted shows to him, and fans left cards, flowers and banners at the statue of Nuxhall at Great American Ball Park.
At his visitation held at Fairfield High School, an estimated 6,000 people showed up to pay their respects to Nuxhall and the Nuxhall family.
Aaron Harang, who usually wore the number 39 jersey, was allowed by MLB to wear the number 41 jersey with Nuxhall's name for the entire game.
Hazret Medzhidovich Sovmen ( ; ; born 1 May 1937) was the second president of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, having succeeded Aslan Dzharimov at the post.
Before becoming President, Hazret Sovmen had been a successful businessman (with links to Russian entrepreneurs in Siberia), having started off as a bulldozer driver in a gold mine in Chukotka.
He started working at a gold mine in Chukotka in 1961 and also worked on mines in the Krasnoyarsk Krai and Magadan Oblast.
He was faced with the challenges of leading one of a Russia's poorest republics, officially declared bankrupt by the Government of Russia.
The Cannonball River () is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 135 mi (217 km) long, in southwestern North Dakota in the United States.
It is joined by Cedar Creek approximately 15 mi (24 km) southwest of Shields and flows northeast, past Shields, forming the northern border of Sioux County and the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.
There are over a thousand islands in Croatia, the exact number varying by definitions, and they cover a total area of about .
The number and classification of islands in Croatia varies over time and by different measurements, causing some domestic controversy when discrepancies are found.
Rocks are defined as islets smaller than 0.1 km², islets are between 0.1 and 1.0 km² and islands proper are bigger than 1.0 km².
According to measurements obtained in early 2000s the largest islands in the Adriatic Sea are Cres with an area of 405.70 km, and Krk with an area of 405.22 km (In earlier literature, including atlases, Krk was usually cited as the largest island).
The island with the longest coastline of is Pag, being the fifth according to area value and the island with the shortest coastline length of is Vele Orjule.
The following table lists the 78 Croatian islands having an area of 1 km or more, sorted by their surface area from largest to smallest.
The Croatian Bureau of Statistics uses data from the Geographical Department of the Faculty of Science of the University of Zagreb, which classifies a total of 1,185 islands, rocks and reefs: 48 inhabited islands, 670 uninhabited islands (), 389 rocks (') and 78 reefs (').
Located in The Hague in the province of South Holland, it has been used as the official workplace of King Willem-Alexander since 2013.
The palace originated as a medieval farmhouse, which was converted into a spacious residence by the steward of the States of Holland, Willem van de Goudt in 1533.
After that it was leased, and in 1595, purchased by the States of Holland for Louise de Coligny, the widow of William of Orange, and her son Prince Frederik Hendrik.
The architects Pieter Post and Jacob van Campen, who built Huis ten Bosch Palace in 1645, were among those involved in the alterations.
The alterations included lengthening the main building and adding wings on either side, thus creating the characteristic H-form that is seen today.
After the death of the Stadholder-King William III in 1702, it passed to King Frederick I of Prussia, a grandson of Frederik Hendrik’s.
In 1740 Voltaire stayed in one of the apartments while he negotiated with Dutch publisher Jan van Duren about the Anti-Machiavel.
The son of Stadholder William V, who would become King Willem I, took up residence at the Oude Hof in 1792.
But when the French invaded the Netherlands in 1795, during the French Revolutionary Wars, he and his family were forced to flee to England.
Initially there were plans to build a new winter residence, but in the end it was decided to make extensive alterations to the Oude Hof.
Like his grandfather, King Willem III used Noordeinde as his winter home, though he preferred to live at his summer residence, Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn.
Their daughter, Princess Wilhelmina, was born there in 1880, and Queen Emma and her daughter spent their winters at Noordeinde after the King’s death in 1890.
In 1901, Queen Emma moved to Lange Voorhout Palace, today's Escher Museum, while Queen Wilhelmina and her husband Prince Hendrik remained at Noordeinde.
She preferred Soestdijk Palace as her official residence, though some members of the Royal Household continued to use offices in Noordeinde.
Following a thorough restoration in 1984, the Palace became the Dutch Monarch’s workplace and office for all political and stately affairs.
William Allen (August 5, 1704 – September 6, 1780) was a wealthy merchant, attorney and Chief Justice of the Province of Pennsylvania, and mayor of Philadelphia during the colonial period.
A Loyalist, Allen agreed that the colonies should seek to redress their grievances with British Parliament through constitutional means, and he disapproved of the movement toward independence.
He built a manor and country estate, known as Mount Airy, in 1750 outside Philadelphia; the neighborhood became known by his estate's name and is now part of the city.
Born in Philadelphia in 1704, Allen was the son of William Allen, Sr., a successful Philadelphia merchant of Scots-Irish descent, who had immigrated to America from Dungannon, County Tyrone, Ireland, with his brother, John, and father.
In 1720, he was admitted to the Middle Temple in London to study law, and at the same time became a pensioner at Clare College, Cambridge.
In the spring of 1729, Allen was named alongside lawyer Andrew Hamilton (his future father-in-law) as a trustee for the purchase and building fund to develop the state house in Philadelphia, then the capital of the province.
By October 1730, the next year, Allen and Hamilton began to purchase lots on Chestnut Street at their own expense, the property on which the Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall), was to be built.
By the will of his father-in-law Andrew Hamilton, dated July 31–August 1, 1741, Allen inherited all the land of the Yard for the state house and its surrounding public grounds.
He developed as one of the century's most important painters and, from 1792 until his death in 1820, served as the president of Britain's Royal Academy.
He stayed there throughout most of the American Revolution, not returning to Philadelphia until 1779, after the British Army had evacuated.
On February 16, 1734, Allen married Margaret Hamilton, daughter of Andrew Hamilton, famed defense lawyer in the 1735 Zenger case, and sister of James Hamilton.
Anne Allen married John Penn, a proprietor of the province with a one-fourth interest, who served as the last colonial governor of Pennsylvania.
She lived with him for a time in exile in New Jersey during the British occupation of Philadelphia, but they returned to the city in 1788 and lived the remainder of their lives near there.
Allen hoped that Northampton Town would displace Easton as the seat of Northampton County and also become a commercial center, due to its location along the Lehigh River and its proximity to Philadelphia.
Three years later, in 1770, James built a summer residence, Trout Hall, in the new town, near the site of his father's former hunting lodge.
On March 6, 1812, Lehigh County was formed from the western half of Northampton County, and Northampton Town was selected as the county seat.
Vitals is a 2002 techno-thriller novel by American writer Greg Bear, nominated for a John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 2002.
On an exotic ocean floor lifeform retrieval mission in a small deep sea vessel, his pilot goes berserk, starts spouting gibberish, and tries to kill him.
The story develops from there, taking in his twin brother's widow, Lissa; Rudy Banning, a once respected professor and writer turned into an anti-semitic conspiracy theorist by a brain-altering microbe; and a scheming group of immortals who want to stay unique.
They are able to do this because they have access to bacteriological research by Russian scientist Maxim Golokhov from the 1940s who was working for Beria and Stalin.
A recent study by the Institute of Oceanography in Split (2000) shows that there are 1246 islands: 79 large islands, 525 islets, and 642 ridges and rocks.
Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Trifylia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.
Ancient writers took note of Cyparissia's beautiful situation upon the sides of one of the offshoots of the range of mountains, which run along this part of the Messenian coast.
Upon the narrow summit of the rocks later occupied by a castle built in the Middle Ages, stood the ancient acropolis.
There is no harbour upon the Messenian coast north of Pylos; but Leake remarks that the roadstead at Cyparissia seems to be the best on this part of the coast; and in ancient times the town probably possessed an artificial harbour, since traces of a mole may still be seen upon the sea-shore.
This was probably constructed on the restoration of Messene by Epaminondas; for it was necessary to provide the capital of the new state with a port, and no spot was so suitable for this object as Cyparissia.
Hence we find Messene and the harbour Cyparissia mentioned together by Scylax Pausanias found in the town a temple of Apollo, and one of Athena Cyparissia.
Stephanus calls Cyparissia a city of Triphylia, and Strabo also distinguishes between the Triphylian and Messenian Cyparissia, but on what authority we do not know.
At a relatively late stage Cyparissia was a bishopric that today, no longer being residential, is listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
In the Middle Ages it was called Arkadía, a name which was transferred from the interior of the peninsula to this place upon the coast.
Under the Principality of Achaea, Kyparissia/Arkadia was the seat of the Barony of Arcadia, which was the last Frankish territory (except for the Venetian possessions) to fall to the Despotate of the Morea, in 1432.
In 1460 Kyparissia came under Ottoman control, and remained so, with the exception of thirty years of Venetian rule, until the Greek War of Independence which began in 1821.
Kyparissia continued to bear the name Arkadia till its destruction by Ibrahim Pasha in 1825, during the Greek War of Independence and when rebuilt it resumed its ancient name Cyparissia, by which it is now called.
Some remains of ancient walls may be traced around the modern castle; and below the castle on the slope of the hill, near the church of Saint George, are some fragments of columns.
On the south side of the town, close to the sea-shore, a fine stream rushes out of the rock and flows into the sea; and a little above is a basin with a spring of water, near which are some stones belonging to an ancient structure.
This is the ancient fountain sacred to Dionysus, which Pausanias perceived near the entrance of the city, on the road from Pylus.
Denis Charles Scott Compton (23 May 1918 – 23 April 1997) was an English cricketer who played in 78 Test matches and spent his whole cricket career with Middlesex.
Compton was born and brought up in what was then the urban district of Hendon, which later became part of Greater London.
He was the second son and youngest child of Henry Ernest Compton and Jessie Anne Duthie; he had one older brother, Leslie Harry (born 1912) and one older sister, Hilda (born 1913).
He was educated at Bell Lane Primary School and joined the MCC ground staff at Lord's Cricket Ground at the age of 15.
The previous summer he had begun to make a name for himself when, at that same venue, he scored 114 as captain of an Elementary Schools XI, impressing Test selector Sir Pelham Warner.
By the late 1930s, Compton was one of England's finest batsmen, and remained at the top of his profession for some twenty years.
This broke the record, set by J.W.Hearne in 1911, for the youngest Test century by an England batsman, and remains the record to this day.
Later in the same series he scored a match-saving 76 not out at Lord's; this innings was scored on a rain-affected pitch and greatly impressed Don Bradman.
As with many other sportsmen of his generation he lost some of his best years to the Second World War, during which he served in the army in India.
It was in India that he began his close friendship with his Australian counterpart as Test cricketer, footballer and national hero, Keith Miller.
In recognition of their friendship and rivalry, the ECB and Cricket Australia decided in 2005 that the player adjudged the Player of the Series in the Ashes would be awarded the Compton-Miller medal.
England toured Australia in the 1946-47 Ashes series and though they were beaten by the powerful Australian team, Compton distinguished himself by scoring a century in each innings of the Adelaide Test.
Back in England, Compton produced a season of cricket that established him as a British household name, and one of the greatest cricketers of his era.
Against the touring South Africans, Compton scored five centuries, one for Middlesex and four for England, accumulating 1,056 runs at an average of 88.
His aggregate in all matches that season was 3,816 runs, which remains the most ever made in a season in first-class matches.
Chasing 397 to win, and needing to score at nearly 100 runs per hour, Compton led the way with a dashing 168, but Middlesex fell short by 75 runs.
In the First Test at Trent Bridge he scored 184 in the second innings after Australia had established a first innings lead of 344, and it looked as though he might save the match for England until he lost his balance to a short-pitched ball from Miller and hit his wicket.
In the Third Test at Old Trafford, Compton scored an unbeaten 145 in the first innings, when no other batsman made more than 37.
He had scored only four runs when, while facing a bumper barrage from Ray Lindwall, he edged the ball onto his forehead.
Compton was forced off the ground with a cut head, given two stitches, and ordered to rest despite wanting to return to the crease.
This was the only match that England did not lose, and if so much time had not been lost to the weather they might have won it.
On the MCC tour of South Africa 1948–49 he scored 300 against North-Eastern Transvaal in just a minute over three hours – still the fastest triple-century ever in first-class cricket.
Reminiscing about the match later, Compton compared the South Africans' bowling with a decent county side, but criticised their catching (he had been dropped before he reached 20).
He toured Australia for 1950-51 Ashes series as vice-captain, the first professional in the 20th century to be awarded the position, but had a dismal tour because of a recurring knee problem caused by an old football injury.
He became the first professional to captain the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) for an entire game, Jack Hobbs having taken over from the injured Arthur Carr in 1924–25.
He and Len Hutton made the winning runs in the Fifth Test at Melbourne, the first time Australia had been beaten since 1938.
On the 1954–55 tour his departure was delayed for a remedial operation on his knee and he joined the team in Australia by aeroplane.
In the First Test at Brisbane he badly cut his hand when he hit a billboard while fielding and batted at the bottom of the order.
In his last Test against Australia in 1956 he made a dazzling 94 despite having just had his right kneecap removed.
In home test series against Pakistan he set the record for scoring the most runs in between lunch and tea in a Test match (173).
However, the latter part of his sporting career was dogged by knee trouble when his right knee was damaged in a collision with the goalkeeper of club Charlton Athletic.
Undaunted, he sauntered into the museum and, borrowing an antique bat off the display, went on to score 158 and 71.
Typically, at his brother Leslie's benefit match in 1955, he managed to run him out before he had faced a single ball.
He claims that the chief guest was called to the telephone by a lady who had heard about the dinner: eventually, he agreed to take the call.
Compton's death, on Saint George's Day, coincided with the opening of the 1997 County Championship season, and pavilion flags across the country were lowered to half-mast in his memory.
This is where his grandson, Nick Compton, set the Middlesex record for the 6th wicket partnership in List A cricket (142* BL Hutton & NRD Compton v Lancashire at Shenley 2002).
With his contemporary the footballer Stanley Matthews, Compton was the first British sportsman to make a substantial living by exploiting his sporting reputation to provide advertisements and endorsements.
With his second wife, Valerie Platt, Compton had two sons, Patrick and Richard, both of whom would go on to play cricket for Natal.
His grandson Nick, son of Richard, made his Test debut against India at Ahmedabad during the England cricket team's 2012–13 tour of India.
Founded in 1928 in Anqing, named 'National Anhui University' in 1946 and moved to Hefei in 1958, Anhui University is now supported by the government under Project 211.
Anhui University has provided higher education in fundamental knowledge, professional skills, social responsibility and innovative concepts for over 170,000 students in the past 80 years.
The main campus covers an area of about 55 hectares, two branch campuses 30 hectares and the new campus about 200 hectares.
The University consists of 18 schools, 44 departments, 65 undergraduate specialities, 119 master's degree programs, 16 PH.D. programs, and 1 Post-doctor's scientific research flow work station, 4 professional master's degree programs, and 2 state-level disciplines, 12 provincial-level disciplines.
The university library has a collection of more than 1.75 million books and over 7000 Chinese and foreign periodicals, and it is equipped with a campus computer network.
Anhui University consists of 18 schools, 44 departments, 65 undergraduate programs, 119 master's degree programs, 16 PhD programs, and 1 Post-doctorate research flow work station, 4 professional master's degree programs, and 2 state-level disciplines, 12 provincial-level disciplines.
It was designated by Overseas Chinese Affairs Office under the State Council as the Teaching Base for Chinese Language and Culture in 2000.
Established during the late 19th century, near Paisley, it is best known as the town where Flora Call and Elias Disney, the parents of Walt Disney, and Roy O. Disney lived for a short time after they were married in nearby Kismet on New Year's Day, 1888.
The location, which is just northeast of Lake Akron, is about forty miles (65 km) due north of what is now Walt Disney World.
A member of R. B. Bennett's cabinet, he split with the Conservative Prime Minister to found the Reconstruction Party of Canada.
The family moved to Vernon, British Columbia, in 1894 and Stevens found his first job there, as a grocery clerk, at the age of 16.
He then went to northern British Columbia to work in the mining camps before working as a fireman on the Canadian Pacific Railway and later as a stagecoach driver.
In 1899 he joined the United States Army, and travelled to the Philippines and then to China, where he was present during the Boxer Rebellion, before returning to British Columbia in 1901.
Up to the time he entered politics, he was a lay preacher in his local Methodist Church and he occasionally took services in remote logging camps and schoolhouses outside Vancouver.
Vancouver was rife with opium dens, saloons and illegal gambling halls, and Stevens visited these places each night, and then published the names of the establishments and what he had witnessed there in the press the next day.
His campaign forced the resignation of the chief of police and won Stevens a seat on Vancouver City Council in 1910.
He served in the short-lived Cabinets of Prime Minister Arthur Meighen in 1921 as Minister of Trade and Commerce, until the government was defeated by William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberals.
In 1926 Stevens led an investigation into the King government's handling of customs, which uncovered evidence of corruption that forced the resignation of King's minority government.
This was followed by Governor General Byng's controversial decision to ask the Conservatives under Meighen to form a government rather than call an election.
He was actively involved in the Komagata Maru incident, working with the head immigration officer, Malcolm R. J. Reid, to stop the ship's Indian passengers from coming to shore.
It was Reid's intransigence, supported by Stevens, that led to mistreatment of the passengers on the ship and to prolonging its departure date, which was not resolved until after the intervention of the federal Minister of Agriculture, Martin Burrell, MP for Yale—Cariboo.
Bennett led the Tories to victory in the general election of 1930 he made Stevens his Minister of Trade and Commerce.
In 1934 Stevens chaired the Royal Commission on Price Spreads and Mass Buying, through which he exposed abuses by big business, attacked corporate interests, accusing them of price fixing, and called for radical reform.
Bennett agreed to set up a parliamentary committee in February 1934 to examine price fixing and corporate manipulation of the market.
Three cabinet ministers urged Stevens to challenge Bennett for the leadership of the party within the Conservative caucus and a total of 72 of the 137 Conservative MPs pledged to support Stevens, but he declined to challenge Bennett for the party leadership without a leadership convention.
In the federal elections of 1935 the party won nearly 400,000 votes and shattered the Tories, reducing them to a rump of only 30 seats, but Stevens was the only Reconstructionist candidate to win a seat.
He subsequently crossed the floor to rejoin the Conservative Party in 1938 and was rumoured to be considering standing for party leader at the 1938 Conservative leadership convention but did not run.
Stevens ran as a candidate in the 1942 Conservative leadership convention, but was eliminated on the first ballot, losing to John Bracken.
He did not run in the general election of 1945, but ran again in Vancouver Centre in 1949 and again in 1953, losing both times.
A widespread resident in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, it is divided into several subspecies, some being treated as full species.
They are large, crow-like with a long tail and coppery brown wings and found in wide range of habitats from jungle to cultivation and urban gardens.
They are weak fliers, and are often seen clambering about in vegetation or walking on the ground as they forage for insects, eggs and nestlings of other birds.
The nominate race is found from the Indus Valley through the sub-Himalayan and Gangetic plains to Nepal, Assam and the Bhutan foothills into southern China (Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian).
The young when hatched have black skin and white hairy feathers (termed as trichoptiles) forming a fringe over the eye and beak.
The greater coucal is a large bird which takes a wide range of insects, caterpillars and small vertebrates such as the Saw-scaled vipers.
In Oil palm cultivation, they have been noted as an avian pest due to their habit of eating the fleshy mesocarps of the ripe fruits.
The territory of a nesting pair has been found in southern India to be 0.9 to 7.2 ha (mean 3.8 ha).
The breeding season is after the monsoon in southern India but varies in other parts of its range but chiefly June to September.
Greater coucals are monogamous, and the courtship display involves chases on the ground and the male brings food gifts for the female.
The eggs (of size 36–28 mm weighing 14.8 g ) are chalky white with a yellow glaze when laid that wears off.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, adopted on 29 November 1990, after reaffirming resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674 and 677 (all 1990), the Council noted that despite all the United Nations efforts, Iraq continued to defy the Security Council.
The United Nations Security Council, invoking Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, offered Iraq one final chance to implement Resolution 660 (1990) which demanded that Iraq withdraw its forces unconditionally from Kuwait to the positions in which they were located on 1 August 1990, the day before the invasion of Kuwait began.
Resolution 678 was adopted by 12 votes with two opposing (Cuba and Yemen) and one abstention from the People's Republic of China.
The authority granted to Member States in this case contrasts with the disputed legality of U.S. actions in the invasion of Iraq of 2003.
China, which had usually vetoed such resolutions authorizing action against a state, abstained in exchange for a promise from the US government that sanctions would be eased, and that the Chinese foreign minister would be received in the White House.
Various members of the Council were rewarded with economic incentives as a result of their 'yes' vote, and those who initially opposed the resolution were discouraged from voting 'no' with the idea of economic penalties, particularly by the United States.
The US successfully obtained a commitment from the Saudi government to provide $1 billion to the Soviets in aid through the winter.
After Yemen voted against the resolution, the US, World Bank and International Monetary Fund halted aid programs to Yemen, and Saudi Arabia expelled Yemeni workers.
It did this by failing to vest in the UN the responsibility and the accountability for the military force that was deployed to the region but instead allowing the United States to manage world policy essentially in a unilateral manner.
William Allen (August 13, 1827 – July 6, 1881) was a United States Representative from Ohio during the early part of the American Civil War.
Allen was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1863), where he served as chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior (Thirty-seventh Congress).
He became affiliated with the Republican Party at the close of the Civil War and was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the second judicial district in 1865.
It was built around 1575, and is the only mosque in the city out of the 273 that had existed during the time of the Ottoman Empire's rule of Serbia.
During the occupation of Serbia by the Austrians (between 1717 and 1739), it was converted into a Roman Catholic church; but after the Ottomans retook Belgrade, it was returned to its original function.
It was damaged after being set on fire on 18 March 2004, during that year's unrest in Kosovo, in violent protest to the burning of Serbian churches in Kosovo, but it was later repaired.
Out of former more than 200 mosques and many small Islamic places of worship the so called mesdzid, the Bajrakli Mosque in 11, Gospodar Jevremova Street is the only remaining and active example of Islamic religious architecture in Belgrade.
Once it dominated in the atmosphere of mostly ground floor houses in the busy commercial and craft town district of Belgrade, the so-called Zerek.
Descriptions of Belgrade of the 17th century were preserved by Ottoman travel writer Evliya Celebi in which he vividly described the appearance of the town in the period of Turkish rule, with various buildings of Islamic architecture.
In the second half of the 19th century the Bajrakli Mosque was described by historians and travel writers Konstantin Jireček, Giuseppe Barbanti Brodano,as well as by archaeologist and ethnologist Felix Kanitz.
It is assumed that today's Bajrakli Mosque was built on the place of an older mesdzid, probably in the second half of the 17th century, as the endowment of the Turkish ruler Sultan Suleiman II (1687—1691).
It was originally named after former renewers, Čohadži-Hajji Alija's and later Hussein Ćehaja's mosque, while the current name was given in the late 18th or in the early 19th century.
In it, as in the main mosque, there was the muvekit, the man who calculated the exact time of AH according to the Islamic calendar (which began in 622, i.e.
in the year of Hijra, the year during which the emigration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina) occurred to determine sacred days, regulated clock mechanism and put the flag on the minaret, to signal the simultaneous beginning of the prayer to other Islamic places of worship in the town of Belgrade.
Between 1717 and 1739, during the Austrian rule, it served as a cathedral Catholic church, but its original function was renewed in 1741 when the Ottomans returned to Belgrade.
The mosque was renewed in the 19th century by the rulers of the Obrenovic dynasty, Prince Mihailo and King Aleksandar Obrenović.
In 1868, The Minister of Education and Church Affairs was ordered by Prince Mihailo Obrenovic to choose one of the existing mosques and enable it for the performance of Muslim religious rites, when besides the mosque was repaired even the courtyard building next to it.
The restoration was performed several times and after the Second World War by the National Committee of the City of Belgrade and by the Cultural Heritage Preservation and Scientific Research Institute and, from the mid sixties of the 20th century even by the Cultural Heritage Preservation Institute of Belgrade.
After the recent damage in 2004 conservation works on rehabilitation and restoration of stone facades with the restoration of window openings were carried out.
With massive walls and small openings, it was built of stone, and some segments were carried out in brick and stone.
The building has the square plan, while the octagonal dome is supported by oriental domed arches and niches -trompes, with modest decoration of consoles.
The number of windows on the facades is uneven, while the one is located on each side of the tambour of the dome.
Minaret - a thin tower with conical roof, with a circular terrace at the top, from which the faithful are called to prayer by the muezzin - is located on the northwest exterior side.
Opposite the entrance, in the interior of the mosque, there is the most sacred space - the mihrab, a shallow niche with elaborate vault decoration, set in the direction of the holy city of Mecca to the southeast, while the raised wooden pulpit (minber or mimbar) is set to the right of the mihrab, in the south-west corner.
Above the entrance, there is a wooden gallery (mahfil) from which one can come to the serefa, terrace on the minaret.
Muslim holy book Koran, then with the names of the first righteous religious leaders caliphs, as well as of the God's i.e.
Upon the death of Pandion, Pallas and his brothers (Aegeas, Nisos, and Lykos) took control of Athens from Metion, who had seized the throne from Pandion.
Later, after the death of Aegeas, Pallas tried to take the throne from the rightful heir, his nephew, Theseus, but failed and was killed by him, and so were his fifty children, the Pallantides.
In a version endorsed by Servius, Pallas was not a brother, but a son of Aegeus, and thus a brother of Theseus, by whom he was expelled from Attica.
It is endemic to Sri Lanka's wet zone and listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as the small population declined due to forest destruction and fragmentation.
Its head and body is purple-black, the wings are maroon above and black below, and the long tail is dark green.
Despite its size and distinctive call, this is a difficult species to see because of the dense habitat in which it lives and its retiring nature.
While single-contact trills are similar to taps and flaps, a tap or flap differs from a trill in that it is made by a muscular contraction rather than airstream.
An alleged retroflex trill found in Toda has been transcribed (that is, the same as the retroflex flap), but might be less ambiguously written , as only the onset is retroflex, with the actual trill being alveolar.
The glottis quite readily vibrates, but this occurs as the phonation of vowels and consonants, not as a consonant of its own.
The upper pharyngeal tract cannot reliably produce a trill, but the epiglottis does, and epiglottal trills are pharyngeal in the broad sense.
between velar and uvular) fricative trill has been reported to occur as coda allophone of in Limburgish dialects of Maastricht and Weert.
In the fricative trill the tongue is raised, so that there is audible frication during the trill, sounding a little like a simultaneous and (or and when devoiced).
The Chapakuran language Wariʼ and the Muran language Pirahã have a very unusual trilled phoneme, a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, .
A nasal trill has been described from some dialects of Romanian, and is posited as an intermediate historical step in rhotacism.
In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Ireland the Nutri-Grain Bar name is used for the soft breakfast bars.
There were four varieties initially (rye, corn, barley, and wheat); later these were reduced to corn and wheat, and finally the corn line was completely discontinued.
There are various Nutri-Grain Bars made from the breakfast cereal bonded together, available in the markets where the cereal is available.
The Concordia University System (CUS) is an organization of eight colleges and universities in the United States that are operated by the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS).
The educational institutions of the Lutheran Church–Canada are not part of the CUS even though that church body was originally part of the LCMS and remains associated with it.
Those institutions are Concordia University College of Alberta and Concordia Lutheran Seminary, both in Edmonton, and Concordia Lutheran Theological Seminary in St. Catharines (which is affiliated with Brock University).
Other Concordias that are affiliated with neither the CUS nor the LCMS include Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota, and Concordia University in Montreal.
Congressional Debate (also known as Student Congress, Legislative Debate) is a form of interscholastic high school debate in the United States.
The National Speech and Debate Association (NSDA), National Catholic Forensic League (NCFL) and many state associations and national invitational tournaments offer Congressional Debate as an event.
Each organization and tournament offers its own rules, although the National Forensic League has championed standardization since 2007, when it began to ask its districts to use one of a number of procedures for qualification to its National Tournament.
In Congressional Debate, high school students emulate members of the United States Congress by debating pieces of legislation, including bills and resolutions.
Each team attempts to research as many topics as possible, with the goal of being able to speak on both sides of every legislation.
The bills and resolutions must be national in scope, and must either fall within jurisdiction for lawmaking by the United States Congress as a bill, or express a specific position and/or recommendation for further action outside of Congress' jurisdiction as a resolution.
Contestants from each school should research and prepare arguments both in favor and against each legislation in the docket before arriving at the tournament.
Rounds usually begin with a method for determining which bills will be debated and in which order, referred to as the docket.
This most commonly happens with a nominated docket at the tournament, although some areas have a system of informal caucusing or highly organized committees, which convene to review legislation that has been subdivided by the tournament to address a specific topic area, such as is done in the National Catholic Forensic League and Illinois Congressional Debate Association.
If nobody from the author's school is present, another debater gives a sponsorship speech (sometimes called the first affirmative), which is functionally identical to an authorship.
After these initial speeches, debate alternates in favor and opposition to the legislation with three-minute speeches and one minute of questioning.
Within each speech, contestants should develop two or three organized, logical arguments supported by credible evidence for why the chamber should vote for or against the given legislation.
Questions, and their respective answers, are to be short and to the point, as delays will unfairly cut into other speakers' questioning time.
The debate rules also provides for direct questioning, if the standing rules of the organization allow for it, where the speaker and questioner can engage in direct dialogue without moderation from the chair.
This is done in 30- or 60-second blocks of time, allowing the questioner to engage the floor speaker to greater depth.
This is used to sometimes build arguments that the questioner uses in a later speech, similar to cross-examination in other competitive debate events.
At tournaments where this is practiced, the presiding officer is either required or strongly advised to keep a separate questioning priority, to ensure equal opportunity for questioners.
Several tournaments have piloted this method since the National Speech and Debate Association suggested this as a result of discussions with its Congressional Debate Rules and Recommendations Committee in 2009.
Some leagues and tournaments still use a protocol where the balanced of unused speaking time is reserved for questioning, rather than having a specific period.
While some student questioners feel the need to ask if the speaker yields, this is unnecessary under procedure, because the standing rules of the organizations and tournaments provide specific parameters for questioning periods that already establish when questioning begins.
the Standing Rules of the United States Senate or the Procedures of the United States House of Representatives) as the underpinning for how sessions are conducted, there may be slight variations in how the competition itself is run.
The presiding officer's job is to facilitate fair, balanced, and efficient debate during the session in which they have been elected, primarily through recognition of speakers and questioners (see section below).
At the end of many tournaments students in the chamber vote on which presiding officer was the best, and some tournaments have a separate means for judge recognition of presiding officers.
The presiding officer always calls for an author or sponsor for the first legislation in order, and the author always gets first right of refusal.
Often, coaches will instruct students who preside to call on contestants for early speeches that they do not know, and/or who are less experienced.
Additionally, since debate becomes more complex after more arguments have been introduced, later speakers bear a higher burden for clash and refutation.
In some areas, before precedence and recency are established, priority cards are distributed or numbers are designated to each student, giving the presiding officer a clear and objective directive as to whom to recognize.
This has been criticized by longtime National Forensic League Congress Coordinator Harold Keller for entirely removing the dynamism of the activity from students' hands.
The National Forensic League's Table of Parliamentary Motions is in use by almost every organization that conducts Congressional Debate competition, including the National Catholic Forensic League.
The motions are similar, if not usually identical to those used in Congress with a few exceptions, including the one-thirds second required to amend a motion or legislation, to prevent abuse of that protocol.
If the chamber wishes to change to another legislation while another is still being considered, the chamber must end debate (which could include pausing debate by laying on the table) before changing to the desired item.
Some tournaments establish a minimum time before the previous question can be moved; others limit how long each legislation may be debated.
After the previous question has been moved, the presiding officer calls for a vote on the legislation, and after counting votes, announces whether the ayes or noes have it, and the motion carries or is defeated.
Amendments are an important tool that can add nuance and perspective to debate on a particular issue, even though they are not practiced as often as they once were.
To amend, a student will submit the amendment in writing to the head table (often rising to a point of personal privilege and seeking permission to approach the rostrum).
The presiding officer (often in consultation with the parliamentarian) will first determine if the amendment is germane; or if it changes the original intent of the legislation, it is ruled dilatory.
The author of the amendment then moves to amend, and if the presiding officer rules it germane, they read it aloud to the chamber and calls for a one-thirds second (usually by voice vote).
If one-third of the chamber concurs to consider the amendment, the presiding officer then calls for a speech in support of the amendment.
At most tournaments, the speech introducing or sponsoring the amendment is not guaranteed to its author, and in fact, it is common practice in some areas for a contestant to immediately move the previous question on the amendment.
The presiding officer always is taken into consideration for recognition in the chamber by judges (usually through ranking at the end of the session), and some tournaments have both the scorers and parliamentarian evaluate the presiding officer, while others just have one or the other do so.
The parliamentarian's role is a fairly passive one; their main purpose is to serve as a reference on parliamentary procedure in case there is confusion or a dispute the presiding officer cannot resolve.
Unless either the presiding officer makes (or fails to correct) a major error in procedure or else the debate gets bogged down the parliamentarian will generally not intervene in the proceedings unless asked by someone in the chamber.
The student parliamentarian is considered a member of the body and continues to participate, and because of the appointed nature of the office, it is not counted as a speech.
The parliamentarian serves at the chair's pleasure, and there are often occasions the chair will not appoint a parliamentarian, rather, handling duties her/himself.
It operates like a forensic speech event with sectioning of multiple entries per section and comparative ranking and rating by points (as opposed to pairing just two entries and wins/losses).
Since 2000, the event has been growing nationwide, added by several states as State Tournament event, and added to numerous large invitational tournaments.
The first major tournament outside of NFL and NCFL nationals to hold Congressional Debate was the Harvard University Tournament traditionally held near President's Day weekend in February.
Other major tournaments which host congress competitions include The Barkley Forum for High Schools at Emory University, The University of Florida Blue Key, Yale, Princeton, the Villiger tournament in Philadelphia, the Glenbrooks tournament in Chicago, the Crestian Classic in Florida, Pennsbury, Princeton, George Mason, the Minneapple Debate Tournament in Minnesota, Stanford, the California Invitational at UC Berkeley, and the Sunvitational in Florida.
In addition, Congress is now one of the official events at the debate Tournament of Champions, hosted by the University of Kentucky.
Students who achieve a high level of competitive success at other national tournaments qualify to compete at the TOC, which brings together some of the best congresspersons from across the nation.
Wahoos, often shortened to 'Hoos, is an unofficial nickname for sports teams of the University of Virginia (officially the Cavaliers), and more generally, a nickname for University students and alumni.
In recent years, the Hoos nickname has become a nickname used by students and recent alumni of the University, and it is also commonly used in the media in reference to U.Va.
Dartmouth students, meanwhile, largely stopped using the Indian yell during the 1980s along with the accompanying Indian mascots, symbols, and nickname.
The yell was already in use by the time Nathalie Floyd Otey performed at the Levy Opera House in Charlottesville on January 30, 1893.
It is a medium-sized member of its genus and is found in lightly-wooded country and savannah in central and southern Africa.
Its crown, nape and upper parts, bill, legs and long tail are black, the eyes are red, the wings are chestnut, and the underparts are creamy white, with blackish barring on the flanks.
The sexes are similar, but juveniles are browner and more heavily barred above, with buff to cinnamon, barred and streaked underparts.
The range extends from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and Kenya in the east, and Angola and Congo to the south.
It nests off the ground in low vegetation, and the typical clutch is two to four eggs laid in a large nest built from stalks and leaves.
The Quillen–Suslin theorem, also known as Serre's problem or Serre's conjecture, is a theorem in commutative algebra concerning the relationship between free modules and projective modules over polynomial rings.
Geometrically, finitely generated projective modules over the ring formula_1 correspond to vector bundles over affine space formula_2, where free modules correspond to trivial vector bundles.
This correspondence (from modules to (algebraic) vector bundles) is given by the 'globalisation' or 'twiddlification' functor, sending formula_3 (cite Hartshorne II.5, page 110).
A simple argument using the exponential exact sequence and the d-bar Poincaré lemma shows that it also admits no non-trivial holomorphic vector bundles.
Serre made some progress towards a solution in 1957 when he proved that every finitely generated projective module over a polynomial ring over a field was stably free, meaning that after forming its direct sum with a finitely generated free module, it became free.
Note that although formula_7-bundles on affine space are all trivial, this is not true for G-bundles where G is a general reductive algebraic group.
The city is located nearly within the same distance to the three nearest seas: the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea (650-690 km) making it the most inland city in this part of Europe.
It is the administrative center of Zakarpattia Oblast (region), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Uzhhorod Raion (district) within the oblast.
The city itself is also designated as city of oblast significance, a status equivalent to that of a raion, and does not belong to Uzhhorod Raion.
One of their tribes – White Croats – settled the area of the modern Uzhhorod in the second half of the first millennium AD.
During the 9th century a fortified castle changed into a fortified early feudal town-settlement, which became the center of a new Slavic principality, at the head of which was a mythical prince Laborec, who was vassal of Great Moravia.
Great Moravia, according to historians and experts did not extend as far east as Uzhgorod, in fact, it was west of what is now the City of Bratislava, Slovakia.
The forces were not equal and Laborec was defeated and beheaded on the banks of the river that still carries his name.
There was not much of a settlement when the Magyar tribes arrived, having left Kiev (then known as Kevevara) and encountering no resistance.
In 1646 the Ungvar Union was proclaimed and the Greek-Catholic church was established in Subcarpathia, in a ceremony held in the Ungvar castle by the Vatican Aegis.
In 1707 Ungvar was the residence of Ferenc II Rákóczi, leader of the national liberation war of Hungarians against Vienna.The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by economic changes, including the first factories in the city.
The greatest influence on Ungvar among the political events of the 19th century was made by the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849, during which the native Hungarian nobility sought both get free of the Austrian Empire and to have authority over their own people.
In 1872 the first railway line opened, linking the city to the important railway junction of Chop then known as Csap.
According to the 1910 census, the city had 16,919 inhabitants, of which 13,590 (80.3%) were Magyars, 1,219 (7.2%) Slovaks, 1,151 (6.8%) Germans, 641 (3.8%) Rusyns and 1.6% Czechs.
Since Jews were not counted as ethnicity (as defined by language), rather only religious group, this Austrian-Hungarian census does not specifically mention the Jewish population, which was significant, and consisted of about 31% in 1910.
In the same time, the municipal area of the city had a population composed of 10,541 (39.05%) Hungarians, 9,908 (36.71%) Slovaks, and 5,520 (20.45%) Rusyns.
On 29 June 1945, Subcarpathian Ukraine was annexed by the Soviet Union and became a westernmost part of the Ukrainian SSR.
In 2002, after some controversy, a bust of Tomáš Masaryk, Czechoslovakia's first president, was unveiled in a main square of the city.
A similar bust was unveiled in 1928 on the 10th anniversary of Czechoslovak independence, but was removed by the Hungarians when they took over the region in 1939.
The coldest month is January with an average temperature of while the warmest month is July with an average temperature of .
Uzhhorod is served by Uzhhorod railway station and has railway connection with Chop (further to Hungary and Slovakia) and Lviv (further to Kiev).
Its former owner was Unedisa which merged with Grupo Recoletos in 2007 to form Unidad Editorial, current owner of the paper.
The daily has a national edition and ten different regional editions, including those for Andalusia, Valencia, Castile and León, the Balearic Islands and Bilbao.
Naberezhnye Chelny was granted town status on August 10, 1930, and was called Brezhnev (after Leonid Brezhnev) from 1982 to 1988.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Naberezhnye Chelny serves as the administrative center of Tukayevsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Naberezhnye Chelny—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Kamaz and ZMA trucks are produced there, and the city is one of the largest planned centers in the world related to vehicle production.
First, this station Round the field with 28 station ways for receiving and departure of trains, freight yard for loading and unloading cars, sorting slide for the formation and dissolution of the trains.
Second, its cargo-passenger station Naberezhnye Chelny accommodates loading and unloading of wagons supplied by access roads to distribution centers and processing plants.
The station Naberezhnye Chelny long-distance trains follow a direct line to Moscow, Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Izhevsk, Bugul'ma, and in the summer to Adler.
Public transport represents 13 tram routes, more than 30 bus routes and taxi, the taxi (including the so-called Social taxi carrying several passengers fares in taxis).
Naberezhnochelninsky tram is one of the latest new tram systems in the USSR and Russia, which is similar to the light rail.
It was created to provide a large passenger flows between the residential areas of the city and a vast industrial complex KAMAZ and other large enterprises.
One of the very few in post-Soviet Russia, a tram system of the city has increased in the 1990s and 2000s, and has plans for further development, including both new construction sites in the city, and creating inter-city light rail line to the Yelabuga, a project which was developed in the Soviet period.
At an elevation of 3,506 ft (1,069 m), it is a prominent butte in Slope County, in the Badlands of the southwestern part of the state.
The summit is located within the boundaries of the Little Missouri National Grassland and is about south of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
At the parking area, one mile due north of the trailhead, the family maintains a small mailbox-like receptacle for donations to help maintain the area, and requests a $5 contribution from visitors.
The Roman baths, which were used for public bathing, were used until the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th Century CE.
It is a major tourist attraction in the UK, and together with the Grand Pump Room, receives more than 1.3 million visitors annually.
It percolates down through limestone aquifers to a depth of between where geothermal energy raises the water temperature to between .
This process is similar to an enhanced geothermal system, which also makes use of the high pressures and temperatures below the earth's crust.
Hot water at a temperature of rises here at the rate of every day, from a geological fault (the Pennyquick fault).
In 1982 a new spa water bore-hole was sunk, providing a clean and safe supply of spa water for drinking in the Pump Room.
This duty has now passed to Bath and North East Somerset Council, who carry out monitoring of pressure, temperature and flow rates.
In October 1978, a young girl swimming in the restored Roman Bath with the Bath Dolphins, a local swimming club, contracted meningitis and died, leading to the closure of the bath for several years.
The newly constructed Thermae Bath Spa nearby, and the refurbished Cross Bath, allow modern-day bathers to experience the waters via a series of more recently drilled boreholes.
Archaeological evidence indicates that the site of the baths may have been a centre of worship used by Celts; the springs were dedicated to the goddess Sulis, whom the Romans identified with Minerva.
Early in the 18th century Geoffrey's obscure legend was given great prominence as a royal endorsement of the waters' qualities, with the embellishment that the spring had cured Bladud and his herd of pigs of leprosy through wallowing in the warm mud.
During the Roman occupation of Britain, and possibly on the instructions of Emperor Claudius, engineers drove oak piles to provide a stable foundation into the mud and surrounded the spring with an irregular stone chamber lined with lead.
In the 2nd century it was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted building, and included the caldarium (hot bath), tepidarium (lukewarm bath), and frigidarium (cold bath).
After the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the first decade of the 5th century, these fell into disrepair and were eventually lost due to silting up, and flooding.
The baths have been modified on several occasions, including the 12th century, when John of Tours built a curative bath over the King's Spring reservoir, and the 16th century, when the city corporation built a new bath (Queen's Bath) to the south of the spring.
The spring is now housed in 18th-century buildings, designed by architects John Wood, the Elder and John Wood, the Younger, father and son.
Visitors drank the waters in the Grand Pump Room, a neo-classical salon which remains in use, both for taking the waters and for social functions.
In 1810 the hot springs failed and William Smith opened up the Hot Bath Spring to the bottom, where he found that the spring had not failed but had flowed into a new channel.
The museum houses artefacts from the Roman period including objects that were thrown into the Sacred Spring, presumably as offerings to the goddess.
The Bath Roman Temple stood on a podium more than two metres above the surrounding courtyard, approached by a flight of steps.
The pediment, parts of which are displayed in the museum, is the triangular ornamental section, wide and from the apex to the bottom, above the pillars on the front of the building.
The great head itself has snakes entwined within its beard, wings above its ears, beetling brows and a heavy moustache although there is some controversy about what this really represents, as Gorgons are usually female.
An alternative interpretation sees the central head as the image of a water god such as Oceanus, and yet another as a Celtic sun god.
In 2016 planning permission was received for a new learning centre aimed at schoolchildren and linked to the baths by a tunnel.
Funding is being sought from the Heritage Lottery Fund and, if successful, it is hoped the centre will open in 2019.
The late 19th century carvings of Roman Emperors and Governors of Roman Britain on the terrace overlooking the Great Bath are particularly susceptible to the effect of acid rain and are protected with a wash of a sacrificial shelter coat every few years.
Exhibits within the temple precincts are susceptible to warm air which had the effect of drawing corrosive salts out of the Roman stonework.
In 2009 a grant of £90,000 was made to Bath and North East Somerset Council to contribute towards the cost of re-developing displays and improving access to the Roman Baths, by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport/Wolfson Fund, which was established to promote improvements in Museums and Galleries in England.
In phonetics, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) consonants, sometimes synonymous with pre-palatal consonants, are intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants, or which have simultaneous alveolar and palatal articulation.
Ladefoged and Maddieson characterize the alveolo-palatals as palatalized postalveolars (palato-alveolars), articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate, whereas Esling describes them as advanced palatals (pre-palatals), the furthest front of the dorsal consonants, articulated with the body of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge.
These descriptions are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue (see schematic at right).
The alveolo-palatal sibilants are often used in varieties of Chinese such as Mandarin, Hakka, and Wu, as well as other East Asian languages such as Japanese and Korean, Tibeto-Burman such as Tibetan and Burmese as well as Tai languages such as Thai, Lao, Shan and Zhuang.
Alveolo-palatal sibilants are also a feature of many Slavic languages, such as Polish, Russian, and Serbo-Croatian, and of Northwest Caucasian languages, such as Abkhaz and Ubykh.
Symbols for alveolo-palatal stops (), nasals () and liquids () are sometimes used in sinological circles (a circumflex accent is also sometimes seen), but they are not recognized by the IPA.
They may be simple palatal or palatalized consonants, classified as alveolo-palatals because they pattern with the alveolo-palatal sibilants of the language rather than because they are alveolo-palatal in articulation.
An alternative transcription for the voiced alveolo-palatal stop and nasal is , but it is used only when cannot be displayed properly.
Whetstone Butte (elevation 3150 feet (955 m)) is a mountain in the Badlands in Adams County in southwestern North Dakota in the United States.
The alveolar ridge (; also known as the alveolar margin) is one of the two jaw ridges, extensions of the mandible or maxilla, either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth.
Consonants whose constriction is made with the tongue tip or blade touching or reaching for the alveolar ridge are called alveolar consonants.
There are exceptions to this however, such as speakers of the New York accent who pronounce [t] and [d] at the back of their top teeth (dental stops).
When pronouncing these sounds the tongue touches ([t], [d], [n]), or nearly touches ([s], [z]) the upper alveolar ridge, which can also be referred to as gum ridge.
Hans Wollschläger (17 March 1935, Minden – 19 May 2007, Bamberg) was a German writer, translator, historian, and editor of German literature.
He also translated the complete works of Edgar Allan Poe (together with Arno Schmidt), and novels by Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett.
He wrote several books of fiction and non-fiction, including a history of the Crusades which has a polemical aspect (at the close of the book he suggests the Catholic Church be declared a criminal organisation) but also contains excerpts from several Arabic sources never previously translated into German.
However, under the influence of Erwin Ratz, Wollschläger came to the conclusion that an unfinished masterwork should not be touched, and publicly withdrew his edition in 1962.
Its council is based in the town of Harrogate, but it also includes surrounding towns and villages and almost all of the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
On 1 April 1996 the parishes of Nether Poppleton, Upper Poppleton, Hessay and Rufforth were transferred from the district to become part of the new York unitary authority.
Elections to the borough council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the 54 seats on the council being elected at each election.
Following the 2016 United Kingdom local elections and subsequent by-elections, the political composition of Harrogate is as follows: The last composition of the former 54 seat council.
John Donald Imus Jr. (July 23, 1940 – December 27, 2019), better known as Don Imus or simply Imus was an American radio personality, television show host, recording artist, and author.
Imus was fired from WNBC in 1977, then rehired, in 1979, remaining at the station until it left the air in 1988, at which time his show moved to WFAN, which took over WNBC's former frequency of 660 kHz.
In January 2018, Cumulus Media, in the middle of a bankruptcy process, told Imus they were going to stop paying him, and as a result, Imus ended his show.
In 1957, while living in Prescott, Arizona, Imus dropped out of high school and joined the United States Marine Corps at Base Camp Pendleton where he was stationed in the artillery division before transferring to the Drum and Bugle Corps.
He left the Marines with an honorable discharge, and secured work as a window dresser in San Bernardino, before he was fired for performing strip teases on the mannequins for passersby.
Imus then moved to Hollywood with his brother in an attempt to find success as musicians and songwriters, but they struggled to get radio DJs to play their songs on the air.
After dropping out of the University of the Pacific, Imus worked as a brakeman on the Southern Pacific Railroad and in a uranium mine in Arizona.
Upon winning a talent contest at Johnny Otis's night club, he worked as a singer-songwriter, with Otis serving as his manager.
After hearing a morning radio DJ at KUTY, in Palmdale, California, Imus went to the station and successfully persuaded the owner to hire him.
While at KUTY, Imus debuted his on-air character Billy Sol Hargis, a radio evangelist inspired by and named for preacher Billy James Hargis and businessman Billie Sol Estes.
Imus moved to KXOA, in Sacramento, California, which became known for his prank call to a local McDonald's restaurant as a National Guard official ordering 1,200 burgers for troops.
The segment influenced a later FCC ruling that required all radio DJs to identify themselves when they make phone calls on the air.
On December 2, 1971, less than three years into his radio career, Imus started his morning show at WNBC in New York City, with a $100,000 per year salary.
He continued to drink, and his on- and off-air behavior became erratic; he turned up for work without shoes and slept on park benches with large amounts of money in his pocket.
In April 1981, Imus renewed his contract with WNBC with a five-year deal worth $500,000 a year with bonuses if he surpassed ratings targets.
Following the addition of Howard Stern in afternoons in 1982, Imus and Stern began a longtime feud though both were paired on WNBC print and television advertisements.
By October 1981, Imus was the most popular radio DJ in the US, reaching 220,000 regular listeners and number one in 12 of 13 demographic categories.
On October 7, 1988, after WNBC was sold to Emmis Broadcasting, the station permanently signed off the air to have WFAN, an all-sports station, move to the station's signal.
All of the station's staff was let go except Imus and his radio show team, who stayed to become WFAN's morning show.
Later in 1989, Imus accepted an invitation to become an honorary assistant coach for a basketball game between the Fordham Rams and La Salle Explorers the following January.
The show began syndication in June 1993 when it was simulcast on WEEI in Boston, followed by four other stations around the country.
Imus was instrumental in raising over $60 million for the Center for the Intrepid, a Texas rehabilitation facility for soldiers wounded in the Iraq War.
The largest technological center of its kind in the country, it is designed to treat disabled veterans and help them with their transition back into the community.
Imus has also taken on the cause of the living conditions at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, visiting wounded veterans at the hospital to boost morale.
In 2018, Cumulus Media informed Imus that they were going to stop paying him because of the bankruptcy proceeding that they were undergoing.
Howard Stern discussed how he had heard Imus make racist comments which were directed at a black female co-worker while the two were working at WNBC.
Stern's co-host Robin Quivers confirmed that assertion and added that she had once been the target of Imus' racist remarks herself.
Young Black women all through that society are demeaned and disparaged and disrespected by their own Black men, and they are called that name in Black hip hop.
The Rutgers basketball team held a news conference at which coach C. Vivian Stringer stated that the team would meet with Imus to discuss his comments.
General Motors (Imus's biggest advertiser), Staples Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Sprint Nextel, PetMeds, American Express, and Procter & Gamble either pulled their ads outright or suspended advertising on Imus's show to protest his remarks.
Just hours after the announcement of his firing, Imus met with Stringer and her team at Drumthwacket, the New Jersey governor's mansion.
Imus hired prominent attorney Martin Garbus by May 2, 2007, to pursue a wrongful termination lawsuit against CBS for the remaining $40 million on his five-year contract.
Rutgers basketball player Kia Vaughn filed a suit that same day against Imus, NBC Universal, CBS Corporation, MSNBC, CBS Radio, Viacom, Westwood One Radio, and Bernard McGuirk, citing slander, libel, and defamation of character.
Imus reached a settlement with CBS Radio over his contract on August 14, leaving him free to pursue other media opportunities.
Charles McCord and Bernard McGuirk joined him in the new version of the show, and he returned to the airwaves on ABC Radio and RFD-TV on December 3.
On April 28, 2015, Imus announced that his radio show would no longer be broadcast on the Fox Business Network starting May 29, 2015.
WABC vice president Phil Boyce said that it was unlikely that disciplinary action would be pursued against Imus, and none was.
In the weeks before Congress recessed on September 29, 2006, Barton used his chairmanship to prevent the legislative proposal from coming to a vote in the House, rousing the ire of Imus and his wife, staunch supporters of autism research.
The bill already had been passed unanimously by the Senate, but Barton opposed the Senate bill's stipulation that centers of excellence investigate environmental factors.
Nichole Mallette sued Imus on November 29, 2004 for wrongful termination and defamation after a Thanksgiving 2003 incident in which she was allegedly fired from her position as nanny and escorted off his property at 4:15 am.
One of the doctors who worked at the Imus Ranch, Dr. Howard Allen Pearson, sued Imus for slander and civil assault on July 8, 2005.
Dr. Pearson accused Imus of threatening him during a July 13, 2004 confrontation at the ranch, after a disagreement over how to care for one of the children at the ranch.
Pearson was a world-famous pediatric cancer specialist who was the former chairman of the pediatrics department of the Yale Medical School as well as a co-founder (with Paul Newman) of another facility for ill children, the Hole in the Wall Gang Camp.
Longtime sports commentator Warner Wolf was fired in 2016, after ten years on the show, and Wolf subsequently sued Imus and various other parties in New York for age discrimination.
Wolf was in his late 70s at the time.The suit was dismissed in 2019 on a technicality: when he was fired, Wolf was a Florida resident who had been doing his segments from a home studio.
The Manhattan Supreme Court ruled that the State of New York had no jurisdiction over this matter, and an appellate court agreed.
Don Imus was also a part owner of Autobody Express stores with his late brother, Fred (who was a frequent caller to the radio show, commenting on NASCAR races, the NFL and related pop culture matters).
The Autobody Express became Imus Ranch Foods, which offered its signature chips and salsa via online sales and in Northeastern stores, prior to the discontinuation of the Imus Ranch Foods line in 2014.
Imus won four Marconi Awards, three for Major Market Personality of the Year (1990, 1992 and 1997) and one for Network Syndicated Personality (1994).
He moved there full-time in 2015, after ending his Fox Business television simulcast in New York and from there started broadcasting his show solely on radio with the cast members broadcasting from the WABC radio studios.
He raised millions for the rehabilitation of wounded veterans of the Iraq war and for children with cancer and siblings of victims of sudden infant death syndrome, who had spent summers since 1999 on his ranch near Ribera, New Mexico.
In 1999, Imus and Deirdre founded the Imus Ranch, a working cattle ranch near Ribera, New Mexico, southeast of Santa Fe, for children with cancer.
The ranch was used as a tax deduction by Imus, and eventually, due to the personal use of the ranch by the Imus family, saw its property tax exemption reduced to 55%.
The ranch failed to sell after repeated efforts to do so, leading Imus to put the property up for auction in May 2017.
On July 17, 1987, after a nine-day vodka binge, he attended rehabilitation at a Hanley-Hazelden treatment center in West Palm Beach, Florida, for six weeks and remained sober.
In 2000, Imus suffered serious injuries after a fall from a horse at his ranch and broadcast several shows from a hospital.
In localised Celtic polytheism practised in Great Britain, Sulis was a deity worshipped at the thermal spring of Bath (now in Somerset).
She was worshipped by the Romano-British as Sulis Minerva, whose votive objects and inscribed lead tablets suggest that she was conceived of both as a nourishing, life-giving mother goddess, and as an effective agent of curses wished by her votaries.
They remained to the end associated with a specific place, often a cleft in the earth, a spring, pool or well.
The Greeks referred to the similarly local pre-Hellenic deities in the local epithets that they assigned, associated with the cult of their Olympian pantheon at certain places (Zeus Molossos only at Dodona, for example).
About 130 curse tablets, mostly addressed to Sulis, have been found in the sacred spring at the Roman baths in Bath.
Typically, the text on the tablets offered to Sulis relates to theft; for example, of small amounts of money or clothing from the bath-house.
In formulaic, often legalistic, language the tablets appeal to the deity, Sulis, to punish the known or unknown perpetrators of the crime until reparation be made.
Sulis is typically requested to impair the physical and mental well-being of the perpetrator, by the denial of sleep, by causing normal bodily functions to cease or even by death.
These afflictions are to cease only when the property is returned to the owner or disposed of as the owner wishes, often by its being dedicated to the deity.
The tablets were often written in code, by means of letters or words being written backwards; word order may be reversed and lines may be written in alternating directions, from left to right and then right to left (boustrophedon).
While most texts from Roman Britain are in Latin, two scripts found here, written on pewter sheets, are in an unknown language which may be Brythonic.
The identification of multiple Celtic gods with the same Roman god is not unusual (both Mars and Mercury were paired with a multiplicity of Celtic names).
On the other hand, Celtic goddesses tended to resist syncretism; Sulis Minerva is one of the few attested pairings of a Celtic goddess with her Roman counterpart.
Based on her name's etymology, as well as several other characteristics, such as the association with sight, civic law, and epithets relating to light, Sulis has been interpreted as a solar deity, at least in pre-Roman times.
The Ottoman Empire developed over the centuries a complex organization of government with the Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that had an effective control of its provinces, officials and inhabitants.
Over the years the Empire became an amalgamation of pre-existing polities, the Anatolian beyliks, brought under the sway of the ruling House of Osman.
The Ottoman family was originally Turkish in its ethnicity, as were its subjects; however the kingship quickly acquired many different ethnicities through intermarriage with slaves and European nobility.
There were only two attempts in the whole of Ottoman history to unseat the ruling Osmanlı dynasty, both failures, which is suggestive of a political system which for an extended period was able to manage its revolutions without unnecessary instability.
Fifty years later, in 1974, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey granted descendants of the former dynasty the right to acquire Turkish citizenship.
It was ruled by the Valide Sultan (Sultana mother), mother of the reigning sultan, who held supreme power over the Harem and thus a powerful position in the court.
On occasion, the Valide Sultan would become involved in state politics and through her influence could diminish the power and position of the sultan.
The financial burden of the Medrese was supported by vakifs, allowing children of poor families to move to higher social levels and income.
The second track, the Enderun School, was a boarding school for converted Christians, which conscripted 3,000 students annually from Christian boys between 8 and 20 years old from about one in forty families among the communities settled in Rumelia and/or the Balkans; a process known as Devşirme.
The system functioned strictly for government purposes, and (ideally) the graduates were permanently devoted to government service and had no interest in forming relations with lower social groups.
The apprenticeship began in the Sultan's services; progressing to mastering natural and Islamic sciences (formal education); and finally to developing physical fitnesses, and vocational or artistic skills.
Sometimes the sultan called a Divan meeting himself if he had something important to inform his viziers of, such as imminent war.
The Divan consisted of three viziers in the 14th century and eleven in the 17th century; four of them served as Viziers of the Dome, the most important ministers next to the Grand Vizier.
The civil system was considered a check on the military system since beys (who represented executive authority) could not carry out punishment without the sentence of a qadi.
A vassal state that never became a province was the Khanate of Crimea in the region around Crimea, north of Black Sea - it would fall to Russia instead (1774–83; later in modern Ukraine).
The latter happened in North Africa: the Beys/Deys of Tunis and Algiers established themselves as 'regencies' and even Egypt went its own way under its great khedive Mohammed Ali - they would in turn be subjected to European colonial dominance, as protectorates, of France and Britain.
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and São Tomé and Príncipe are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).
Six of those states (Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon) are also members of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and share a common currency, the Central African CFA franc.
The African Development Bank defines Central Africa as Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon.
The Central African Federation (1953–1963), also called the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, was made up of what are now the nations of Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Similarly, the Anglican Church of the Province of Central Africa covers dioceses in Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, while the Church of Central Africa, Presbyterian has synods in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The basin of Lake Chad has historically been ecologically significant to the populations of Central Africa, especially with the Lake Chad Basin Commission serving as an important supra-regional organization in Central Africa.
According to Zangato and Holl, there is evidence of iron-smelting in the Central African Republic and Cameroon that may date back to 3000 to 2500 BCE.
Extensive walled settlements have recently been found in Northeast Nigeria, approximately southwest of Lake Chad dating to the first millennium BCE.
Trade and improved agricultural techniques supported more sophisticated societies, leading to the early civilizations of Sao, Kanem, Bornu, Shilluk, Baguirmi, and Wadai.
The Sao lived by the Chari River south of Lake Chad in territory that later became part of Cameroon and Chad.
Today, several ethnic groups of northern Cameroon and southern Chad but particularly the Sara people claim descent from the civilization of the Sao.
Finds include bronze sculptures and terra cotta statues of human and animal figures, coins, funerary urns, household utensils, jewelry, highly decorated pottery, and spears.
It was known as the Kanem Empire from the 9th century CE onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900.
At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, parts of South Sudan and the Central African Republic.
The Kanem empire went into decline, shrank, and in the 14th century was defeated by Bilala invaders from the Lake Fitri region.
The Kanuri people led by the Sayfuwa migrated to the west and south of the lake, where they established the Bornu Empire.
By the late 16th century the Bornu empire had expanded and recaptured the parts of Kanem that had been conquered by the Bulala.
The Shilluk Kingdom was centered in South Sudan from the 15th century from along a strip of land along the western bank of White Nile, from Lake No to about 12° north latitude.
During the nineteenth century, the Shilluk Kingdom faced decline following military assaults from the Ottoman Empire and later British and Sudanese colonization in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
The Kingdom of Baguirmi existed as an independent state during the 16th and 17th centuries southeast of Lake Chad in what is now the country of Chad.
At first Wadai paid tribute to Bornu and Durfur, but by the 18th century Wadai was fully independent and had become an aggressor against its neighbors.
During the 17th century, a Lunda chief and warrior called Mwata Kazembe set up an Eastern Lunda kingdom in the valley of the Luapula River.
The kingdom of Lunda came to an end in the 19th century when it was invaded by the Chokwe, who were armed with guns.
Later, maize (corn) and cassava (manioc) would be introduced to the region via trade with the Portuguese at their ports at Luanda and Benguela.
The maize and cassava would result in population growth in the region and other parts of Africa, replacing millet as a main staple.
Manikongo António I (1661–1665), with a Kongolese army of 5,000, was destroyed by an army of Afro-Portuguese at the Battle of Mbwila.
The Portuguese in the latter part of the 16th century tried to gain control of Ndongo but were defeated by the Mbundu.
The leaders established another state at Matamba, affiliated with Queen Nzinga, who put up a strong resistance to the Portuguese until coming to terms with them.
During the Conference of Berlin in 1884-85 Africa was divided up between the European colonial powers, defining boundaries that are largely intact with today's post-colonial states.On 5 August 1890 the British and French concluded an agreement to clarify the boundary between French West Africa and what would become Nigeria.
A boundary was agreed along a line from Say on the Niger to Barruwa on Lake Chad, but leaving the Sokoto Caliphate in the British sphere.
Over the next twenty years a large part of the Chad Basin was incorporated by treaty or by force into French West Africa.
The remainder of the basin was divided by the British in Nigeria who took Kano in 1903, and the Germans in Cameroon.
In the 21st century, many jihadist and Islamist groups began to operate in the Central African region, including the Seleka and the Ansaru.
At least 40% of the rural population of northern and eastern Central Africa lives in poverty and routinely face chronic food shortages.
Flood recession agriculture is practiced around Lake Chad and in the riverine wetlands.Nomadic herders migrate with their animals into the grasslands of the northern part of the basin for a few weeks during each short rainy season, where they intensively graze the highly nutritious grasses.
When the dry season starts they move back south, either to grazing lands around the lakes and floodplains, or to the savannas further to the south.
In the 2000-01 period, fisheries in the Lake Chad basin provided food and income to more than 10 million people, with a harvest of about 70,000 tons.
Fisheries have traditionally been managed by a system where each village has recognized rights over a defined part of the river, wetland or lake, and fishers from elsewhere must seek permission and pay a fee to use this area.
Local governments and traditional authorities are increasingly engaged in rent-seeking, collecting license fees with the help of the police or army.
Oil is also a major export of the countries of northern and eastern Central Africa, notably making up a large proportion of the GDPs of Chad and South Sudan.
Most of the Ubangian speakers in Africa (often grouped with Niger-Congo) are also found in Central Africa, such as the Gbaya, Banda and Zande, in northern Central Africa.
Due to common historical processes and widespread demographic movements between the countries of Central Africa before the Bantu Migration into much of southern Central Africa, the cultures of the region evidence many similarities and interrelationships.
Similar cultural practices stemming from common origins as largely Nilo-Saharan or Bantu peoples is also evident in Central Africa including in music, dance, art, body adornment, initiation and marriage rituals.
Whatever its origins, it has seen occasional literary use since at least the time of Shakespeare, as the first use was in 1573, according to Merriam-Webster.
In common usage, such as cheers at sporting events and competitions, the speaker need not make distinction, and the words are distinguished by regional dialect and accent.
By looking at the poetry and writings of the late 1700s you see words like say, play, and day which are used to rhyme with Huzza.
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, three 'huzzahs' were given by British infantry before a bayonet charge, as a way of building morale and intimidating the enemy.
It was completed by 1774, and connected the city with the land of the Pulteney family which they wished to develop.
Designed by Robert Adam in a Palladian style, it is exceptional in having shops built across its full span on both sides.
By the end of the 18th century it had been damaged by floods, but it was rebuilt to a similar design.
In the 20th century several schemes were carried out to preserve the bridge and partially return it to its original appearance, enhancing its appeal as a tourist attraction.
The much photographed bridge and the weir below are close to the centre of the city, which is a World Heritage Site largely because of its Georgian architecture.
One of only four bridges in the world to have shops across its full span on both sides, the structure was designed by Robert Adam; his original drawings are preserved in the Sir John Soane's Museum in London.
Frances was the third daughter of MP and government official Daniel Pulteney (1684–1731) and first cousin once removed of William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath.
She inherited the Earl's substantial fortune and estates close to Bath in Somerset after his death in 1764 and that of his younger brother and heir in 1767, and the Johnstones changed their surname to Pulteney.
The rural Bathwick estate, which Frances and William inherited in 1767, was across the river from the city and could only be reached by ferry.
William made plans to create a new town, which would become a suburb to the historic city of Bath, but first he needed a better river crossing.
The work of the Pulteneys is memorialised by Great Pulteney Street in Bathwick, and Henrietta Street and Laura Place, named after their daughter Henrietta Laura Johnstone.
Initial plans for the bridge were drawn up by Thomas Paty, who estimated it would cost £4,569 to build, but that did not include the shops.
A second estimate of £2,389 was obtained from local builders John Lowther and Richard Reed; it included two shops at each end of the bridge, but work did not begin before winter weather made construction of the pillars impossible.
In 1770 the brothers Robert and James Adam, who were working on designs for the new town at Bathwick, adapted Paty's original design.
Robert Adam envisaged an elegant structure lined with shops, similar to the Ponte Vecchio and the Ponte di Rialto he would likely have seen when he visited Florence and Venice.
The revised bridge was wide, rather than the width envisaged by Paty, which overcame the objections of the local council about the bridge being too narrow.
The builders for the lower part of the bridge were local masons Reed and Lowther; the shops were constructed by Singers and Lankeshere.
In 1792 alterations were made during which the bridge was widened to and the shops enlarged, converting the original sixteen shops into six larger ones.
However it was rebuilt by John Pinch senior, surveyor to the Pulteney estate, in a less ambitious version of Adam's design.
Nineteenth-century shopkeepers changed the structure and appearance of their premises by changing windows, or expanding them by adding cantilevers over the river.
The western end pavilion on the south side was demolished in 1903 for road widening and its replacement was not an exact match.
The city council bought several of the shops and made plans for the restoration of the original façade, which was completed in time for the Festival of Britain in 1951.
The status of the bridge as an ancient monument was replaced in 1955 with its designation as a Grade I listed building.
In 2009 Bath and North East Somerset council put forward a proposal to close the bridge to motor traffic and convert it to a pedestrianised zone, but the plan was abandoned in September 2011.
It however remains a large source of income for the Council, due to it being the most fined bus lane in the city.
The bridge features two ranges of shops designed in the Palladian style c. 1770, between them forming a narrow street over the bridge.
Consequently, the northern external façade of the bridge is asymmetrical, much altered and of no architectural merit, whereas the southern external side clearly shows the hand of Robert Adam.
Built of limestone, in classic Palladian style, the southern façade takes the form of a temple-like central bay with symmetrical wings connecting to two flanking, terminating pavilions.
It in turn is flanked by two small bays, each with a small pointed pediment supported by shallow pilasters, which further emphasise and complement the central broken pediment sitting above a large Palladian window – the focal point of the building.
On this southern side the structure comprises a principal floor at street level, with a low mezzanine separated by stone banding above.
Beneath the principal floor is a sub-floor constructed in the masonry between the spans of the bridge, its presence indicated by ocular windows placed symmetrically beneath the span of each arch.
A centre notable for his defensive skill and as one of the toughest fighters in the game, he played for several National Hockey League (NHL) teams during his twenty professional seasons, principally the Vancouver Canucks, with whom he became the NHL franchise's inaugural captain.
Kurtenbach played in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL) with the Prince Albert Mintos for two seasons, also making brief appearances with the Saskatoon Quakers of the minor professional Western Hockey League (WHL) during that time.
In 1957, after Prince Albert was eliminated from the SJHL playoffs, Kurtenbach finished the season with the Flin Flon Bombers, where he helped the team win a Memorial Cup.
The majority of Kurtenbach's early professional career would be spent in the minors, splitting time between the AHL with the Buffalo Bisons, Springfield Indians and Providence Reds, and the WHL with the San Francisco Seals and the Canucks.
His best season in this stretch was 1962–63, when he notched 87 points for the Seals in 70 games and led the team in scoring in the playoffs en route to winning the league championship.
During his time in the minors, Kurtenbach made two brief appearances in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers and Boston Bruins, totaling eighteen games, but would not play his first full NHL season until 1963–64 with the Bruins.
In the 1970 off-season, he was told by Rangers management he would be unprotected for the upcoming NHL Expansion Draft to be picked up by either the Buffalo Sabres or the Vancouver Canucks (the franchise left the WHL to join the NHL).
On December 12, 1970, he recorded the first hat trick in Canucks history in a 5-2 victory over the California Golden Seals, it was also the only hat trick he would ever record in his career.
He recorded at an NHL career high point-per-game pace with 53 points in 52 games, despite suffering a serious injury on December 23 that sidelined him until March 3.
Kurtenbach finished his NHL career with 119 goals and 213 assists for 332 points in 639 games, adding 628 penalty minutes.
The season after his NHL retirement, Kurtenbach joined the Seattle Totems of the Central Hockey League, moving behind the bench as head coach.
After a losing season with Seattle, he coached two seasons with the Tulsa Oilers of the same league and won a championship in his first season with them, 1975–76, being awarded the Jake Milford Trophy as CHL coach of the year.
In 1976–77, Kurtenbach returned to the NHL to replace Phil Maloney midway through the season as head coach of the Vancouver Canucks.
However, after one and a half seasons and a 36–62–27 record, Kurtenbach was replaced by Harry Neale at the end of the 1977–78 season.
With more than 60,000 inhabitants and 50,000 students, it is one of the main cities of the Métropole Européenne de Lille and the largest in area (27.46 km²) after Lille; it is also one of the main cities of the Hauts-de-France region.
Built up owing to the merger between the former communes of Ascq, Annappes and Flers-lez-Lille, Villeneuve-d'Ascq is a new town and the cradle of the first automatic metro system of the world (VAL).
Villeneuve-d'Ascq is nicknamed the 'green technopole' thanks to the implantation of many researchers — two campus of the University of Lille; many graduate engineering schools — and companies in a pleasant living environment.
Owing to its activity centres, its Haute Borne European scientific park and two shopping malls, Villeneuve-d'Ascq is one of the main economic spots of the Hauts-de-France region; multinational corporations such as Bonduelle, Cofidis and Decathlon have their head office there.
Outside its academic, scientific and business facilities, Villeneuve-d'Ascq is mostly known because of its sporting events – two stadiums (Stade Pierre-Mauroy and Stadium Lille Métropole) are located there and some of its sport teams are playing in the top division; its museums – the most famous is the one of modern, contemporary and outsider art (the LaM); its green ways and its medical facilities for disabled people.
Development on what is now Villeneuve-d'Ascq can be traced back to Celtic Gaul era, and are anchored in two feudal mounds, a Gallo-Roman site and a Carolingian one.
Different kinds of businesses have their headquarters in Villeneuve d'Ascq because of the availability of land, the presence of researchers (in particular in the Cité Scientifique and Haute Borne) and the proximity to both Benelux and Paris economic regions.
Villeneuve d'Ascq hosts notably head office of the food processing company Bonduelle, financial services providers Cofidis, sporting good chain store Decathlon, chocolate manufacture Bouquet d'Or, disposable dishes Tifany Industrie, information security company Netasq, restaurant chains Flunch, Les 3 Brasseurs, Pizza Paï.
Furthermore, Villeneuve d'Ascq hosts Europe - Middle East - Africa head office of information technology consulting company SoftThinks and European head office and R&D center of Canadian frozen foods company McCain Foods.
It is home to the central buying service of international retail group Auchan, a R&D center of multinational agri-processor Tate & Lyle, and a data processing center of American company Xerox.
The Northern headquarters of French national meteorological service Météo-France, large barracks of the National Gendarmerie (450 gendarmes and their family), the Northern headquarters of French national information and traffic center (Centre régional d'information et de circulation routière).
Since 1998, there are large offices of the mobile network operator and Internet service provider Orange, along with the information computing center of Électricité de France for the Northern and Western France region.
From 1984 to 1994 Villeneuve d'Ascq housed a Groupe Bull factory that developed, manufactured and marketed desktops personal computers; the place is currently used by offices of Decathlon Group.
Villeneuve d'Ascq hosts the Northern head office of Textile and Clothing French Institute (IFTH) which assist industry for their technological and economical development.
Villeneuve d'Ascq hosts also a University Institute for Technology (IUT A), the school in architecture École nationale supérieure d'architecture et de paysage de Lille, along with five graduate schools : École centrale de Lille, École nationale supérieure de chimie de Lille, Polytech'Lille (formerly EUDIL), École des Mines-Télécom de Lille-Douai (IMT) (formerly ENIC, TELECOM LILLE), École supérieure des techniques industrielles et des textiles (ESTIT).
There is also a private junior high school, Collège privé communautaire; and four private combined preschool and elementary schools, Notre-Dame, Saint-Pierre d'Ascq, Cardinal Liénart, and Saint-Henri.
200 public and private laboratories whose 31 of them members of French National Centre for Scientific Research are located in the technopole.
Some main research institute are situated in Villeneuve d'Ascq, for example IEMN (Institut d'électronique de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie), INRIA Lille (National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), IFSTTAR (Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur sécurité), INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), the veterinary laboratory of the Nord department, l'IRIS (Institut de recherche de l'industrie sucrière), ITF-Nord (Institut textile de France).
Having succeeded Gérard Caudron as mayor from 1977 to 2001, Jean-Michel Stievenard and his team wish to maintain balances the environnement and the economic development, the greenery and technology, the daily wellbeing and the great projects, the social one and quality, opening on the its internal comfort and rest of the world, its finance and high degree of public utility.
The mayors of Villeneuve-d'Ascq since 1977 have been members of the Socialist Party (Parti socialiste).In 2008, the local elections brought back to the city council Gerard Caudron as mayor.
As a part of the Métropole Européenne de Lille, Villeneuve-d'Ascq is connected to Lille city centre by a VAL, a type of fully automatic (driverless) light rubber-tired metro.
The VAL metro line runs through Villeneuve-d'Ascq from and stations and drives up to Lille historical city centre and railways stations in about ten minutes.
The Villeneuve d'Ascq metro station is under the Place Salvador Allende (Salvadore Allende Square) and a shopping centre which includes Auchan as one of its main tenants.
Villeneuve-d'Ascq is also served by the train station Gare d'Ascq, which offers connections to Lille, Orchies and Tournai and Liège in Belgium.
In 2009, 21,700 inhabitants had a sport licence in the sport club of Villeneuve d'Ascq (one third of the global population of the city) ; the city hosts 158 different sport associations, 58 different sports and 14% of the city operating budget is dedicated to sport.
Villeneuve d'Ascq has two swimming pools ('piscine du Triolo' and 'centre nautique Babylone') both equipped with a 50m long water slide, an outside grass area, saunas and a training gym.
Villeneuve d'Ascq have 16 soccer fields, 2 rugby fields (stadium E. Théry, Tradition street), 17 municipal gymnasiums plus 8 academic gymnasiums (E.S.U.M.
The city hosts a sailing base, two shooting galleries, a bow and arrow gallery, two golf courses, 12 tennis courts, two athletics facilities (Parmentier street and Lieutenant Colpin street).
Finally, we can find in Villeneuve d'Ascq two dojos, a big wall for wall-climbing (salle Tamise), a bourloire in Ascq, a boulodrome in Residence and a bowling in Hôtel de Ville.
Villeneuve d'Ascq is home to several football teams which play in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais football league, in Flandre district: US Ascq (promotion d'honneur), Villeneuve d'Ascq Métropole (promotion d'honneur) and Flers OS Villeneuve d'Ascq (1ère division de district).
The Stadium Nord is the official stadium of the Lille Olympique Sporting Club Lille Métropole team (Ligue 1) since the 2004-2005 season, and also the official stadium of the Entente Sportive de Wasquehal team since 1997-1998 season (formerly Ligue 2, today CFA 2).
The stadium hosted the UEFA Europa League matches of Lille Olympique Sporting Club Lille Métropole, so prestigious clubs such as Fenerbahçe SK, FC Sevilla, Valencia CF and Liverpool FC came to Villeneuve d'Ascq.
In May, 2010 Stade Pierre-Mauroy was selected by the Fédération française de football (FFF) to host matches in the UEFA Euro 2016, hosted by France.
Villeneuve d'Ascq is home to a rugby union team, Lille Métropole Rugby Club Villeneuvois (ex-Rugby Club Villeneuve d'Ascq), whose senior women's team takes part in France women's rugby union championship.
The women's team is in Division 1 since 1999 and in Elite since his victory ath the Challenge Armelle Auclair in 2006.
In Stadium Nord took place the Track and field European Cup in 1995 and the Disabled Track and field World Cup in 2002.
The city has also an american football club, Vikings de Villeneuve d'Ascq (Division 2) and a handball club, Hand Ball Club Villeneuve d'Ascq (HBCV) (Division 2).
In the Early Cyrillic alphabet there was little or no distinction between the letter and the letter which was derived from the Greek letter Iota (Ι ι).
Other modern orthographies for Slavic languages eliminated one of the two letters in alphabet reforms of the 19th or 20th centuries: Russian, Macedonian, Serbian and Bulgarian languages use only , and Belarusian uses only .
Later, the middle stroke was turned counterclockwise, resulting in the modern form resembling a mirrored capital Latin letter N (this is why is used in faux Cyrillic typography).
But the style of the two letters is not fully identical: in roman fonts, has heavier vertical strokes and serifs on all four corners, whereas has a heavier diagonal stroke and lacks a serif on the bottom-right corner.
In Russian, the letter has been seen combined in the digraph (as were , and ) to represent before its existence around 1783.
The letter is the eleventh letter of the Ukrainian alphabet and it represents sound , which is a separate phoneme in Ukrainian.
The Ukrainian (и) can be transliterated to other languages using Cyrillic script by both (и) and (ы), due to lack of common transliteration rule.
Speakers of other Slavic languages can perceive Ukrainian as either , or sometimes even [e] (see Ukrainian phonology for more on pronunciation of ).
Stressed variants are sometimes (in special texts, like dictionaries, or to prevent ambiguity) graphically marked by acute, grave, double grave or circumflex accent marks.
Serbian with a circumflex can be unstressed as well; then, it represents the genitive case of plural forms to distinguish them from other similar forms.
None of those combinations is considered as a separate letter of respective alphabet, but one of them () has an individual code position in Unicode.
In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.
The main difference between a tap or flap and a stop is that in a tap/flap there is no buildup of air pressure behind the place of articulation and consequently no release burst.
Trills may be realized as a single contact, like a tap or flap, but are variable, whereas a tap/flap is limited to a single contact.
When a trill is brief and made with a single contact it is sometimes erroneously described as an (allophonic) tap/flap, but a true tap or flap is an active articulation whereas a trill is a passive articulation.
That is, for a tap or flap the tongue makes an active gesture to contact the target place of articulation, whereas with a trill the contact is due to the vibration caused by the airstream rather than any active movement.
Subsequent work on the labiodental flap has clarified the issue: flaps involve retraction of the active articulator, and a forward-striking movement.
For linguists who make the distinction, the alveolar tap is transcribed as a fish-hook ar, , and the flap can be transcribed as a small capital dee, , which is not recognized by the IPA.
However, such a distinction has been claimed for Norwegian in which the alveolar apical tap and the post-alveolar/retroflex apical flap have the same place of articulation for some speakers.
However, the former could be mistaken for a short trill, and is more clearly transcribed , whereas for a nasal tap the unambiguous transcription is generally used.
Most of the alternative transcriptions in parentheses imply a tap rather than flap articulation, so for example the flap and the tapped stop are arguably distinct, as are flapped and tapped .
Many of the languages of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific that do not distinguish [r] from l may have a lateral flap.
However, it is also possible that many of these languages do not have a lateral–central contrast at all, so that even a consistently neutral articulation may be perceived as sometimes lateral or , sometimes central .
These contrast with lateral approximants at the same positions, as well as a retroflex tap , alveolar tap , and retroflex approximant .
However, the flapped, or tapped, laterals in Iwaidja are distinct from 'lateral flaps' as represented by the corresponding IPA symbols (see below).
For this reason, current IPA transcriptions of these sounds by linguists working on the language consist of an alveolar lateral followed by a superscript alveolar tap and a retroflex lateral followed by a superscript retroflex tap.
A velar lateral tap may exist as an allophone in a few languages of New Guinea, according to Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson.
They include an epiglottal tap; a bilabial flap in Banda, which may be an allophone of the labiodental flap; and a velar lateral tap as an allophone in Kanite and Melpa.
Note here that, like a velar trill, a central velar flap or tap is not possible because the tongue and soft palate cannot move together easily enough to produce a sound.
If other flaps are found, the breve diacritic could be used to represent them, but would more properly be combined with the symbol for the corresponding voiced stop.
A palatal or uvular tap or flap, which unlike a velar tap is believed to be articulatorily possible, could be represented this way (by ).
Many West African languages have a nasal flap (or ) as an allophone of before a nasal vowel; Pashto, however, has a phonemic nasal retroflex lateral flap.
Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis, which passed under the control of the Visigothic kingdom in 462, when Septimania was ceded to Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths.
In the aftermath of the Battle of Vouille (507), Maguelone managed to remain out of Frankish sway, and was part of the Visigothic kingdom.
At first the stronghold of a Visigothic noble, on high ground protected by coastal lagoons, Maguelone became the seat of a bishop.
In the 8th century (circa 725) the Umayyad forces conquered the area, but the stronghold was destroyed by Charles Martel in his 737 campaign across Septimania, almost depopulating the region.
The Gallo-Roman and Gothic nobility allied with the Andalusian military kept the position until 752, when Pepin the Short tipped the scale in favour of the Franks, who conquered Septimania.
The local count retained the traditional Carolingian right of nomination of bishops: in 1085 Pierre, count of Substantion and Melgueil, offered himself as vassal of the Holy See and relinquished the right of nomination, and Innocent III transferred the feudal rights of the county to the bishop of Maguelonne in 1215, which gave the bishops the right to issue coinage.
The bishop, as well as the King of Aragon and the Count of Toulouse, authorized the coinage of Arabic money, not intended for circulation in Maguelonne, but to be sold for exportation to the merchants of the Mediterranean.
With the expansion of trade in the revival of the High Middle Ages, Montpellier came to be the city for this region, first passing to the Crown of Aragon in 1204, then to that of France (1292 and 1349).
Andy Bathgate was a popular star player of the New York Rangers and also held the honour of being declared the Most Valuable Player of both the NHL and Western Hockey League (WHL).
He bounced between the WHL Vancouver Canucks (not to be confused with the later NHL team of the same name) and the Rangers for two seasons before settling with the Rangers in 1954–55.
He played 10 full seasons with the Rangers, where he became a popular player in New York as well as a top-tiered player in the NHL.
In 1961–62, Bathgate and Bobby Hull led the league in points, but Bathgate lost the Art Ross Trophy to Bobby Hull because Hull had more goals.
He was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1963–64 season, where he immediately helped Toronto to a Stanley Cup championship, and later was dealt to the Detroit Red Wings, where he helped the team reach the Stanley Cup Finals in 1965–66.
Bathgate was chosen by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1967 NHL Expansion Draft, scoring the first goal in the team's history.
However after one season, he returned to the Canucks where he would help lead the team to two consecutive Lester Patrick Cup victories, in 1969 and 1970.
He came briefly out of retirement three seasons later to play for the Vancouver Blazers of the World Hockey Association (WHA), which he had coached the previous season, but retired for good after 11 games.
Bathgate won the Hart Memorial Trophy for the MVP of the NHL in 1958–59 after scoring 40 goals, which was no easy feat in that era.
Renowned for the strength of his slap shot, during a game against the Montreal Canadiens, Bathgate shot the puck into the face of Jacques Plante, forcing Plante to receive stitches.
Bathgate focused mostly on the tactic of spearing, where a player stabs at an opponent with the blade or point of his stick.
I got fined $1,000—and I was only making $18,000 at the time—so you take that, plus the $1,000 we had to pay into our pension, that's a lot of money out of your pocket.
Bathgate owned and managed a golf course while his Brother Frank owned a driving range just down the road both on Hwy 10 in Mississauga, Ontario.
The Rangers retired his #9 along with Harry Howell's #3 in a special ceremony before the February 22, 2009, match against the Maple Leafs.
Bathgate's grandson and namesake, Andy Bathgate, born February 26, 1991, was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft and currently plays for the Birmingham Bulls of the Southern Professional Hockey League.
Fredonyer Pass, elevation , is a high mountain pass in Lassen County, California, southwest of Susanville and southeast of Mount Lassen.
It lies on the Great Basin Divide between the Feather River to the west and the Susan River and Honey Lake to the east.
The pass is traversed by State Route 36 and has virtually the same elevation as Morgan Summit to the west (sources vary).
He and his companions decided not to take the Lassen Trail and instead headed southwest from High Rock and discovered what is now known as Fredonyer Pass.
In 1880, Dr. Fredonyer died in San Francisco after colon surgery to remove a 16 ounce bottle that he had inadvertently lost inside his rectum after an attempt to alleviate a severe case of diarrhea.
In 1995, there was an unsuccessful move to rename Fredonyer Pass to honor of Deputy Sheriff Larry David Griffith, who was slain in the line of duty.
Note that there are other Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Sierra (e.g., near Lake Tahoe), but there is a clear geological division near Fredonyer Pass, and points westward as far as the Sacramento Valley.
NFTY: The Reform Jewish Youth Movement (formerly known as the North American Federation for Temple Youth, often referred to simply as NFTY) is the organized youth movement of Reform Judaism in North America.
Funded and supported by the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), NFTY exists to supplement and support Reform youth groups at the synagogue level.
Founded on January 15, 1939 by the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (now called the Union for Reform Judaism), the then-titled National Federation of Temple Youth was a program to encourage college students to engage in synagogue life.
NFTY was originally focused in three regions - New York City, Chicago, and Pennsylvania; it soon expanded to all areas of the UAHC.
The first national officers were: Richard Bluestein, president; Bernard Sang, first vice president; Lewis Held, second vice president; Daniel Miller, third vice president; Lenore Cohn, secretary.
The executive committee of NFTY met in June 1939 in New York and discussed college activities, publications and social justice while also confirming cooperation with the UAHC as an affiliate and to cooperate with the National Conference for Community and Justice in interfaith work.
Rabbi Sam Cook organized one of the first regional Labor Day Conclaves of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) Pennsylvania State Federation, held at Pinemere Camp in 1939.
In 1952, NFTY began Jewish summer camping in the newly purchased facility in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin later called the Olin-Sang-Ruby Union Institute Camp (or OSRUI).
In 1964, the Kutz Camp in Warwick, New York became NFTY's North American leadership camp and the site of North American board meetings.
In the 1950s, NFTY began to focus on social action and mitzvah themes, capitalizing on the vision, ideals, and energy of teenagers to help transform the world.
Local, regional, and national social action efforts were commonplace on issues from the releases of Russian Jews to the fight against poverty to hunger.
NFTY summer trips to Israel, often attended between sophomore and junior years of high school have been attended by thousands of Reform Jewish teenagers.
Trips to Europe, mitzvah trips to locations such as Puerto Rico and Mexico, and archaeological digs have also been sponsored by NFTY in recent decades.
Every other year on President's Day weekend, hundreds to thousands of Reform Jewish teenagers gather for study, prayer, music, and socializing in a major North American city.
A youth advisor's professional training conference was added to run concurrently in 1999 with a youth clergy track added in 2001.
In the late 1980s at Mechina, a leadership training and policy setting gathering of the NFTY General Board, NFTY officially recognized itself as a North American movement, in response to a growing and influential Canadian population.
To this day, the movement still works to get all of its membership, and more importantly, outside press to correctly identify the movement and its various events, i.e.
From the very beginning, the work of NFTY's Youth Leadership has been supported by the adult Professional Staff of NFTY and the Union for Reform Judaism.
Today, NFTY has over 450 local youth groups in 19 regions in the United States and Canada with over 150 regional events a year.
Past NFTYites and NFTY leadership can be found as numerous rabbis, cantors, educators, social workers, synagogue leaders, and active Reform Jews across the world.
For example, Eric Yoffie, recent President of the URJ, was a member of NFTY-Northeast and served as their regional president in 1964.
Throughout the 2014–2015 NFTY year, the Regional Presidents Network drafted a new mission statement to reflect the cohesive values, aspirations, and goals of the North American Federation of Temple Youth.
This mission statement was formally adopted by the NFTY Board, General Board, and adult leadership after being presented at the 2015 NFTY Convention in Atlanta.
Boards vary widely between youth groups and regions, but typically include positions such as: President, Programming Vice-President, Social Action Vice-President, Religious & Cultural Vice-President, Membership Vice-President, Communications Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary.
The youth group advisor or director is sometimes a volunteer in the congregation, a parent, a part-time staff person, or, in a small, but increasing number of synagogues, a full-time position.
While the board structure is at the direction of each group, most are modeled after the regional or North American board.
Each region has an elected executive board of teens, who coordinate the efforts of temple youth groups, plan/assist regional events, improve marketing, and recruit new members.
There is also an adult NFTY Regional Advisor, a paid staff position, who supervises the executive board and is a liaison with TYG advisors.
Some common positions are: President, Programming Vice President, Religious & Cultural Vice President, Social Action Vice President, Membership Vice President, Communications Vice President, Financial Vice President.
The NFTY board is elected each year to establish general policy and themes for the organization as a whole, as well as lead the various leadership networks.
The board currently consists of a President, Programming Vice-President, Social Action Vice-President, Religious & Cultural Vice-President, Membership Vice-President, and Communications Vice-President.
NFTY Convention is a biennial convention for all of the NFTY regions and includes 3 days (as of NFTY Convention 2017) of social, educational, charitable, and religious programming.
Each convention is held in conjunction with the URJ Youth Workers Conference and a plenary session, or asefah, for regional board members.
In the 1960s, folk music became dominants with guitar-led teenagers leading the songs of Pete Seeger, Peter, Paul & Mary, and Bob Dylan, among others, as well as original compositions not usually recorded for posterity.
Following the Six-Day War in Israel, a surge of Zionism in Jewish life pushed Hebrew, Israeli, Chasidic, and liturgically based songs to the forefront.
In 1968, Michael Isaacson introduced a NFTY Folk Service at the Kutz Camp demonstrating the growing trend of participatory, informal, mixed Hebrew/English services and songsessions that have remained the hallmark of a NFTY service.
In recent years, as individual artists, many of them former NFTYites themselves, found it easier to produce their own solo-albums, NFTY has shied away from producing records.
It is formed by the confluence of the North Fork (which rises in North Dakota) and the longer South Fork (which rises in South Dakota) in northwestern South Dakota near Shadehill in Perkins County, near several parcels of the Grand River National Grassland.
It flows east, through the Standing Rock Indian Reservation and joins the Missouri in Lake Oahe, approximately 2 mi (16 km) northwest of Mobridge.
Sitting Bull (1831–1890), a Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his people as a tribal chief, was born on the Grand River in or nearby Dakota Territory.
Decades later, he was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Agency at his camp near the Grand River, as the police tried to arrest him.
The forks of the Grand was the site of a noted 1823 attack by a grizzly bear on frontiersman Hugh Glass.
Villeneuve-Loubet (),Occitan: Vilanuòva e Lo Lobet; Italian:Villanova Lobetto) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.
It was created by the joining two old villages: the old village of Villeneuve inland and the village of Loubet on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
It is at the same time a seaside resort and part of the technopole of Sophia Antipolis, many companies of the tertiary sector being installed in the city.
Villeneuve-Loubet was also the site of a battle in World War II when it was liberated by the First Special Service Force on August 26, 1944.
The tower of the castle was damaged by a shell fired by the US Navy, and dozens of soldiers from both sides were killed or wounded.
In 2006, the bodies of fourteen Germans who were killed during the fighting were discovered in a mass grave near the town by a local medical student.
The New York Giants (informally known as Brickley's Giants and Brickley's New York Giants) were a professional American football team with the American Professional Football Association (now the National Football League) whose only season played was in 1921.
The Brickley's Giants were the first of 17 professional football teams to represent New York City at one time or another.
It was the second-shortest-lived franchise in NFL history, behind only another former New York NFL team, the Tonawanda Kardex, who played only one game in the same 1921 season.
The team was sponsored by the New York Giants professional baseball team, and coached by Brickley, a halfback who was generally considered the finest kicker of his day.
However, after the team's first practice, the 1919 schedule, that began with an opening day game against the Massillon Tigers, was scratched because of conflict with New York's blue laws.
The APFA had played a showcase game between the Canton Bulldogs and the Buffalo All-Americans at the Polo Grounds in December 1920; 20,000 spectators witnessed the contest, a strong crowd for the nascent league.
The 1921 version of the team played several exhibition games, but only two league games, losing to the Buffalo All-Americans in October, and again to the Cleveland Tigers that December.
During their 1921 season, the Giants played their home games at Commercial Field and Ebbets Field, both located in Brooklyn, and the Polo Grounds, located in Manhattan.
In 1925 the NFL was in need of a franchise in a large-city market that could be used to showcase the league.
However, Gibson refused the offer for a new franchise, but he did refer Carr to a friend of his, Tim Mara.
The Ottoman Empire was first subdivided into provinces, in the sense of fixed territorial units with governors appointed by the sultan, in the late 14th century.
It is considered extremely difficult to define the number and exact borders of Ottoman provinces and domains, as their borders were changed constantly.
Until the Tanzimat period, the borders of administrative units fluctuated, reflecting the changing strategies of the Ottomans, the emergence of new threats in the region, and the rise of powerful Ayans.
All the subdivisions were very unequal in regard of area and population, and the presence of numerous nomadic tribes contributed to the extreme variability of the population figures.
The Ottoman Empire over the years became an amalgamation of pre-existing polities, the Anatolian beyliks, brought under the sway of the ruling House of Osman.
The term bey came to be applied not only to these former rulers but also to new governors appointed where the local leadership had been eliminated.
Following the conquests between 1362 and 1400 of Murad I and his son Bayezid I, a need arose for the formal organisation of Ottoman territory.
The first was the initial organisation that evolved with the rise of the Empire and the second was the organisation after extensive administrative reforms of 1864.
Unlike the previous eyalet system, the 1864 law established a hierarchy of administrative units: the vilayet, liva/sanjak, kaza and village council, to which the 1871 Vilayet Law added the nabiye.
At the same time, the law left to the governors vast scope for independent action as well as responsibility, as part of a system intended to achieve a large degree of efficiency in ruling the provinces.
The new provincial system could not be introduced in provinces at the same time, due to both insufficient funds and a lack of experience in administering the new law.
Therefore, the new Danube Vilayet, composed of the former eyalets of Silistria, Vidin, and Nis, was selected to be the pilot project.
Midhat Pasha and Cevdet Pasha were particularly successful in applying the new law in the Vilayets of Danube and Aleppo, respectively.
In 1867, 13 new vilayets were organized, including Bursa, Izmir, Trabzon, Salonica, Prizren, and Iskodra, with an autonomous Crete being organized as a vilayet by Ali Pasha in 1871.
By the end of 1876 the new provincial system was in operation all over the empire, with the sole exception of the Arabian Peninsula and autonomous provinces like Egypt.
Mahmud Nedim Pasha reduced the size of some of the larger provinces, thus taking Sofia from the Danube Vilayet, Sebinkarahisar from Trabzon, and Maras from Adana and making them into separate provinces, and also taking Herzegovina from Bosnia and joining it with Novipazar in a new province.
He played the major role in allocating fiefs in his eyalet, and had a responsibility for maintaining order and dispensing justice.
By the mid-16th century, apart from the principalities north of the Danube, all eyalets came under the direct rule of the sultan.
The office of Beylerbey was the most prestigious and the most profitable in the provincial government, and it was from among the Beylerbeys that the sultan almost always chose his viziers.
Precedence among the remainder, according to Ayn Ali in 1609, followed the order in which the eyalets were conquered, although he does not make it clear whether this ranking had anything other than a ceremonial significance.
A vizieral governor, according to the chancellor Abdurrahman Pasha in 1676, had command over the governors of adjoining eyalets who ‘should have recourse to him and obey his command’.
Furthermore, ‘when Beylerbeys with Vizierates are dismissed from their eyalet, they listen to lawsuits and continue to exercise Vizieral command until they reach Istanbul’.
Like the Beylerbey, the Sanjak-bey drew his income from a prebend, which consisted usually of revenues from the towns, quays and ports within the boundary of his sanjak.
The term sanjak means ‘flag’ or ‘standard’ and, in times of war, the cavalrymen holding fiefs in his sanjak, gathered under his banner.
The troops of each sanjak, under the command of their governor, would then assemble as an army and fight under the banner of the Beylerbey of the eyalet.
Within his own sanjak, a governor was responsible above all for maintaining order and, with the cooperation of the fief holders, arresting and punishing wrongdoers.
For this, he usually received half of the fines imposed on miscreants, with the fief holder on whose lands the misdeed took place, receiving the other half.
Sanjak governors also had other duties, for example, the pursuit of bandits, the investigation of heretics, the provision of supplies for the army, or the despatch of materials for shipbuilding, as the sultan commanded.
sanjak) entrusted to some holder of senior position, or to some margrave, as temporary arrangement before they were appointed to some appropriate position.
Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (August 8, 1896 – December 14, 1953) was an American author who lived in rural Florida and wrote novels with rural themes and settings.
Marjorie Kinnan was born in 1896 in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Ida May (née Traphagen) and Arthur Frank Kinnan, an attorney for the US Patent Office.
She grew up in the Brookland neighborhood and was interested in writing as early as age six, and submitted stories to the children's sections of newspapers until she was 16.
She attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison where she joined Kappa Alpha Theta sorority and received a degree in English in 1918.
She was selected as a member of the local senior women's honor society on campus, which in 1920 became a chapter of the national senior women's society, Mortar Board.
In 1928, with a small inheritance from her mother, the Rawlings purchased a 72-acre (290,000 m²) orange grove near Hawthorne, Florida, in a hamlet named Cross Creek for its location between Orange Lake and Lochloosa Lake.
Marjorie filled several notebooks with descriptions of the animals, plants, Southern dialect, and recipes and used these descriptions in her writings.
Encouraged by her editor at Scribner's, Maxwell Perkins, who was impressed by the letters she wrote him about her life in Cross Creek, Rawlings began writing stories set in the Florida scrub country.
Local reception to her stories was mixed between puzzlement concerning whom she was writing about, and rage, since one mother apparently recognized her son as a subject in a story and threatened to whip Rawlings until she was dead.
The book captured the richness of Cross Creek and its environs in telling the story of a young man, Lant, who must support himself and his mother by making and selling moonshine, and what he must do when a traitorous cousin threatens to turn him in.
Moonshiners were the subject of several of her stories, and Rawlings lived with a moonshiner for several weeks near Ocala to prepare for writing the book.
Again it was chosen by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and it was even released in a special armed forces edition, sent to servicemen during World War II.
To absorb the natural setting so vital to her writing, she bought an old farmhouse in Van Hornesville, New York and spent part of each year there until her death.
As many of Rawling's works were centered in the North and Central Florida area, she was often considered a regional writer.
Rawlings used Cason's forename in the book, but described her in this passage:Zelma is an ageless spinster resembling an angry and efficient canary.
She manages her orange grove and as much of the village and county as needs management or will submit to it.
She combines the more violent characteristics of both and those who ask for or accept her ministrations think nothing at being cursed loudly at the very instant of being tenderly fed, clothed, nursed, or guided through their troubles.
Cason was reportedly profane indeed (one of her neighbors reported her swearing could be heard for a quarter of a mile), wore pants, had a fascination with guns, and was just as extraordinarily independent as Rawlings herself.
Rawlings won the case and enjoyed a brief vindication, but the verdict was overturned in appellate court and Rawlings was ordered to pay damages in the amount of $1 US.
In 1941 Rawlings married Ocala hotelier Norton Baskin (1901–1997), and he remodeled an old mansion into the Castle Warden Hotel in St. Augustine (currently the Ripley's Believe it or Not Museum).
After World War II, he sold the hotel and managed the Dolphin Restaurant at Marineland, which was then Florida's number one tourist attraction.
After purchasing her land in New York, Rawlings spent half the year there and half the year with Baskin in St. Augustine.
Rawlings resisted social norms of the time in allowing Hurston, an African-American, to sleep in her home instead of relegating her to the tenant house.
In fact, she stated that as a child she had a gift for telling stories, but that she demanded all her audiences be boys.
She was criticized throughout her career for being uneven with her talent in writing, something she recognized in herself, and that reflected periods of depression and artistic frustration.
In the book Rawlings said GeeChee's mother lived in nearby Hawthorne, Florida and GeeChee was blind in one eye from a fight in which she had been involved.
GeeChee was employed by Rawlings on and off for nearly two years in which GeeChee dutifully made life easier for Rawlings.
GeeChee revealed to Rawlings that her boyfriend named Leroy was serving time in prison for manslaughter, and asked Rawlings for help in gaining his release.
She arranged for Leroy to be paroled to her and come work for her estate, and had a wedding on the grounds for Beatrice and Leroy.
She decided he had to leave, which caused her distress because she did not want GeeChee to go with him, and was sure she would.
In return, her name was given to a new dormitory dedicated in 1958 as Rawlings Hall which occupies prime real estate in the heart of the campus.
The North Fork of the Grand River is a tributary of the Grand River, approximately 80 miles (129 km) long, in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States.
It rises in the Badlands of southwestern North Dakota, in southern Bowman County, and flows ESE, into the Bowman-Haley Reservoir, formed by the Bowman-Haley Dam, then through northwestern South Dakota, past several units of the Grand River National Grassland in northern Perkins County.
Kennedy has made documentary films that center on social issues such as addiction, nuclear radiation, the treatment of prisoners-of-war, and the politics of the Mexican border fence.
On December 19, 1968 (a week after Rory was born), her mother took her to her father's grave at Arlington National Cemetery.
In the 1990s, Rory and fellow Brown classmate Vanessa Vadim (daughter of Roger Vadim and Jane Fonda) formed May Day Media, a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. that specializes in the production and distribution of films with a social conscience.
The film was released in 1994, and the idea came out of a paper she wrote while a student at Brown on female addicts.
In 1998, Kennedy and another fellow Brown graduate Liz Garbus founded Moxie Firecracker Films, which specializes in documentaries that highlight pressing social issues.
The television networks that have shown its films include: A&E, the UK's Channel 4, Court TV, Discovery Channel, HBO, Lifetime, MTV, Oxygen, PBS, Sundance Channel, and TLC.
It was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and it tells the real stories of AIDS patients outside the Western world.
The movie premiered to rave reviews at the 2003 Tribeca Film Festival and was awarded the Best Documentary prize at the Woodstock Film Festival; it was later broadcast on HBO.
Favorably received, it details the woeful inadequacies of the border fence between the United States and Mexico, which has increased migrants' deaths, but does not deter illegal immigration.
On January 11, 2019, Kennedy co-authored a Rolling Stone opinion piece with Red Hot Chili Peppers singer Anthony Kiedis and the Malibu Foundation's Trevor Neilson on the current climate crisis.
She was with him at the time of the accident and tried to save his life by giving him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
The wedding was originally scheduled for July 17 in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, but was postponed after the plane carrying her cousin John F. Kennedy, Jr. and his wife and her sister crashed en route to the event.
According to her mother Ethel, Swift began associating with the family after Rory attended a concert of hers with her daughters, Georgia and Bridget.
Prior to the 1990s, Kennedy was said to have been known solely for being the child who was born after the assassination of her father, Robert F. Kennedy.
Following the plane crash of her cousin John F. Kennedy, Jr., she established notability for being the cousin whose wedding he planned to attend.
Klein then listed the deaths of her father and brother David, as well as her role in unsuccessfully attempting to save the life of her brother Michael Kennedy.
I have enormous respect for all that he accomplished in his short life and how much he was able to move people and touch people.
Robert Taylor Homes was a public housing project in Bronzeville on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, bordered along State Street between Pershing Road (39th Street) and 54th Street alongside the Dan Ryan Expressway.
The project was named for Robert Rochon Taylor, an African-American activist and the first African American chairman of the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA).
It was a part of the State Street Corridor which included other CHA housing projects: Stateway Gardens, Harold Ickes Homes, Dearborn Homes and Hillard Homes.
Robert Taylor Homes were completed in 1962 and named for Robert Rochon Taylor (1899–1957), an African American activist and Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) board member who in 1950 resigned when the city council refused to endorse potential building locations throughout the city of Chicago that would induce racially integrated housing.
At one time, it was the largest public housing development in the country, and it was intended to offer decent affordable housing.
It was composed of 28 high-rise buildings with 16 stories each, with a total of 4,415 units, mostly arranged in U-shaped clusters of three, stretching for two miles (three kilometers).
Including children who are not of working age, at one point 95 percent of the housing development's 27,000 residents were unemployed and listed public assistance as their only income source, and 40 percent of the households were single-parent, female-headed households earning less than $5,000 per year.
Aside from neglect and ignoring crime, police officers also felt unsafe in darkened hallways and were frequently shot at from the high rises.
In the Robert Taylor Homes a survey was conducted and showed that the majority of residents either had a family member in prison or expected one to return from prison within two years.
This caused issues when residents tried to relocate; many of these returning prisoners had partners, children and/or mental illnesses that prevented them from relocating to another residence.
In October 1976, 22–year-old Denise Dozier was thrown from a 15th floor apartment window at the project; she survived the incident.
On June 25, 1983, 18 month-old Vinyette Teague was abducted from the project after her grandmother left her alone in the hallway for a few minutes to answer a phone call.
An estimated 50 people were in the hallway at the time of the abduction, but police were unable to gather enough evidence to make any arrests.
On August 15, 1991, shortly before midnight, CHA police officer Jimmie Haynes was fatally wounded by a sniper rifle at the project.
A maintenance worker at the project was beaten to death by gang members after he allowed police officers access to a building where a gang meeting was taking place in February 1993.
In 1993, it was decided to replace all Robert Taylor Homes with a mixed-income community in low-rise buildings as part of a federal block grant received for the purpose from the HOPE VI federal program.
As of 2007, a total of 2,300 low-rise residential homes and apartments, seven new and renovated community facilities, and a number of retail and commercial spaces are to be built in place of the old high-rise buildings.
This type of research in environmental psychology was most clearly demonstrated by a group of studies done by Frances Kuo and William Sullivan of the Landscape and Human Health Laboratory (formerly the Human-Environment Research Laboratory) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Guru Gobind Singh created and initiated the Khalsa as a warrior with a duty to protect the innocent from any form of religious persecution.
The following Guru, Guru Hargobind formally militarised the Sikhs and emphasised the complementary nature of the temporal power and spiritual power.
In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs and the father of Guru Gobind Singh was executed by the Islamic emperor Aurangzeb for resisting religious persecution of non-Muslims, and for refusing to convert to Islam.
In 1699, the tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh asked Sikhs to gather at Anandpur Sahib on 30 March 1699, the day of Vaisakhi (the annual harvest festival).
He drew his sword, according to the Sikh tradition, and then asked for a volunteer from those who gathered, someone willing to sacrifice his head.
He asked for another volunteer and repeated the same process of returning from the tent without anyone and with a bloodied sword four more times.
These five volunteers were : Daya Ram (Bhai Daya Singh), Dharam Das (Bhai Dharam Singh), Himmat Rai (Bhai Himmat Singh), Mohkam Chand (Bhai Mohkam Singh), and Sahib Chand (Bhai Sahib Singh).
Not shaving the head also meant not having to pay the taxes by Sikhs who lived in Delhi and other parts of the Mughal Empire.
However, the new code of conduct also led to internal disagreements between Sikhs in the 18th century, particularly between the Nanakpanthi and the Khalsa.
These developments created two groups of Sikhs, those who initiated as Khalsa, and others who remained Sikhs but did not undertake the initiation.
His tradition has survived into the modern times, with initiated Sikh referred to as Khalsa Sikh, while those who do not get baptized referred to as Sahajdhari Sikhs.
The co-initiation of men and women from different castes into the ranks of Khalsa also institutionalized the principle of equality in Sikhism regardless of one's caste or gender.
A Khalsa who breaks any code of conduct is no longer a Khalsa is excommunicated from the Khalsa Panth and must go and 'pesh' (get baptized again).
A Khalsa is enjoined, to be honest, treat everyone as equal, meditate on God, maintain his fidelity, resist tyranny and religious persecution of oneself and others.
Guru Gobind Singh in Oct 1708 deputed his disciple Banda Singh Bahadur to lead the Khalsa in an uprising against the Mughals.
Banda Singh Bahadur first established a Sikh kingdom and then brought in the Land reforms in the form of breaking up large estates and distributing the land to peasants.
The Dal Khalsa fought against the Mughals and the Afghans, eventually resulting in the establishment of a number of small republics called misls (autonomous confederacies) and later in the formation of the Sikh Empire.
After the fall of the Mughal empire and the later establishment of the Sikh Empire in Punjab, the Khalsa was converted into a strong, multireligious and multinational fighting force, modernized according to European principles: the Sikh Khalsa Army which had a huge role in the expansion of the empire.
By the time of death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, the whole army of Sikh Empire was assessed at 120,000 men, with 250 artillery pieces.
The boundaries of this state stretched from Tibet to Afghanistan and from Kashmir to Sutlej in the south and included regions of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kashmir, Ladakh, etc.
Initiation into the Khalsa is referred to as Amrit Sanchar (water of immortality life-cycle rite) or Khande di Pahul (Initiation with the double edged sword).
Anyone from any previous religion, age, or knowledge group can take Amrit (Amrit Chhakh) when they are convinced that they are ready.
The devotee must arrive at the place of baptism, usually a Gurdwara, in the morning after bathing completely including having washed their hair and must be wearing the 5 articles of the Khalsa uniform.
After baptism, the new Singh or Kaur must abide by the four restrictions or must get re-baptised if they break any of them.
With the creation of Khalsa, Guru Gobind Singh had abolished all existing social divisions as was fundamental in the teachings of Sri Guru Nanak Dev.
In their new order, the former lowest of the low would stand with the former highest; all would become one and drink from the same vessel.
Many departed from the ceremony, but the Guru declared that the low castes should be raised and would dwell next to him.
The expelled disciples convened a community gathering, at which two wealthy Khatris demanded that the Khalsa produce a written order from the Guru that a new mandatory code of conduct had been promulgated.
Today, the Khalsa is respected by the entire gamut of Sikhs; however, not all Sikhs are Amritdharis The issue of Khalsa code of conduct has led to several controversies.
In the early 1950s, a serious split occurred in the Canadian Sikh community, when the Khalsa Diwan Society in Vancouver, British Columbia elected a clean-shaven Sikh to serve on its management committee.
Although most of the early Sikh immigrants to Canada were non-Khalsa, and a majority of the members of the society were clean-shaven non-Khalsa Sikhs, a faction objected to the election of a non-Khalsa to the management committee.
The factions in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia broke away from the Khalsa Diwan Society and established their own gurdwara society called Akali Singh.
Many Sikhs in Britain have insisted on their right of not conforming to the Khalsa norms while maintaining that they are truly Sikh.
On the other hand, some of the Khalsa Sikhs think of the non-Khalsa Sikhs as having abandoned the Sikh faith altogether.
The Surtees Racing Organisation was a race team that spent nine seasons (1970 to 1978) as a constructor in Formula One, Formula 2, and Formula 5000.
Surtees formed the team in 1966 for the newly formed CanAm series (an unlimited sports car series), winning the championship as an owner/driver in its first year.
He fielded an entry in another newly formed series in 1969, becoming part of Formula 5000 after taking over the failed Leda F5000 project, and his team constructed its own cars for the first time.
This inspired Surtees to expand to Formula One, and after having had a difficult season with BRM in 1969, he decided to become an owner/driver again.
The team ran the full 1970 season, but John Surtees was forced to run the first four races in an old McLaren due to a delay in the construction of his in-house F1 car.
Surtees added a second full-time car in for German driver Rolf Stommelen, and ran a third car for various drivers in a number of races.
After the 1971 season, Surtees retired from full-time competition, and the team ended up with three new full-time drivers in .
Hailwood returned to Surtees for a full year; joining him were Australian Tim Schenken and Italian Andrea de Adamich, the latter of whom brought sponsorship money to the team.
Schenken was replaced in 1973 by Brazilian Carlos Pace, and the team only ran two full-time cars after de Adamich left following the season opener.
Pace finished third in Austria and fourth in Germany, but it was the only points finishes the team had all season, as Hailwood was left scoreless.
It was a difficult year for Surtees, as Pace left the team in mid-season, and replacement Derek Bell struggled to qualify for races, capped by Austrian driver Helmut Koinigg's fatal crash at the 1974 United States Grand Prix.
A fourth place by Pace at his home track were the only points Surtees managed to get, and they failed to finish in the top ten in the Constructors' Championship.
Low on money for , the team pared back to a single car for John Watson (although a second car was entered for Dave Morgan at Silverstone).
The season was a tremendous struggle for Surtees, with no points scored, and the team missed three of the final four races.
1976 was much better, however, as Surtees landed an otherwise controversial sponsorship deal with Durex condoms, and Australian Alan Jones joined the team.
A second car, with Chesterfield sponsorship, was entered for American Brett Lunger, while a customer car was raced by Frenchman Henri Pescarolo during the second half of the season.
Jones's success resulted in him leaving the team for the emerging Shadow team, and money problems forced Surtees to run one car regularly again in 1977, this time for Vittorio Brambilla.
After racing the car in the British Aurora championship (formerly F5000) briefly that year, Surtees Racing Organization was closed for good.
The Anzac Bridge is an 8-lane cable-stayed bridge spanning Johnstons Bay between Pyrmont and Glebe Island (part of the suburb of Rozelle), close to the central business district of Sydney, Australia.
The bridge forms part of the Western Distributor leading from the Sydney CBD and Cross City Tunnel to the Inner West and Northern Suburbs.
The first bridge was constructed as part of a project to move the abattoirs out of central Sydney, and to construct public abattoirs at Glebe Island.
The bridge was opened in 1862 and was a timber beam bridge long and wide with a swing section on the eastern side.
The second Glebe Island Bridge was an electrically operated swing bridge opened in 1903, the year after the opening of the new Pyrmont Bridge over Sydney's Darling Harbour, which has a similar design.
The bridge was designed by Percy Allan of the New South Wales Public Works Department who also designed the Pyrmont Bridge.
Delays due to increasing traffic, which were exacerbated by having to close a major arterial road to allow the movement of shipping into Blackwattle Bay, led to the construction of the present-day Anzac Bridge.
The stay cable design concept development and final design for the new bridge were carried out by the Roads & Traffic Authority of NSW and the construction by Baulderstone Pty.
The bridge was given its current name on Remembrance Day in 1998 to honour the memory of the soldiers of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (known as Anzacs) who served in World War I.
A statue of a New Zealand soldier was added to a plinth across the road from the Australian Digger, facing towards the east, and was unveiled by Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark in the presence of Premier of New South Wales Morris Iemma on Sunday 27 April 2008.
Initially the stay cables were plagued by vibrations which have since been resolved by the addition of thin stabilising cables between the stay cables.
There is a pedestrian path / bikeway that runs along the northern side of the bridge, making possible a leisurely 30-to-40-minute walk from Glebe Point Road, down Bridge Road, over the Bridge and round Blackwattle Bay back to Glebe Point Road.
Originally, there were bus stops at the western end of the bridge, but they were removed because buses pulling out from the stops created a hazard as they merged with other traffic moving at (or close to) the speed limit.
The Australian Anzac statue on the northern side of the bridge is adjacent to the former city-bound bus stop; the New Zealand Anzac statue was installed within the ramp area of the former stop on the southern side.
The Glebe Island Bridge was still under construction when Tim Rogers wrote and recorded the song in 1994, with the bridge's name change to 'Anzac Bridge' not occurring until 1998.
It is endemic to a small dune ecosystem in Southern California that used to be a community called Palisades del Rey, close to the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).
The largest of these is on the grounds of LAX; a further colony exists on a site within the huge Chevron El Segundo oil refinery complex, and the smallest colony is an area of only a few square yards on a local beach.
Recently, some nearby beach cities such as Redondo Beach have replaced ice plant growth near the beaches with coast buckwheat, in order to provide the butterflies with more of their natural food source.
A zookeeper, sometimes referred as animal keeper, is a person who manages zoo animals that are kept in captivity for conservation or to be displayed to the public.
Early civilizations in Mesopotamia (present day Iraq), Egypt, China and Pakistan / NW India allowed rulers and the wealthy class citizens to keep collections of wild animals.
Some ancient collections of animals were very large and contained a wide variety of species, although specific details of these collections were not recorded.
A zookeeper's responsibilities usually include feeding, maintaining and cleaning the animals, diet preparation, behavioral observation, record keeping, exhibit maintenance and providing environmental enrichment for the animals in their care.
They look for any signs of injuries or illness in the animals, and in the case of sickness or injury, the keeper is responsible for contacting a veterinarian, and sometimes a zookeeper will assist a veterinarian.
For example, a zookeeper can train an elephant to lift their feet so that a veterinarian can check them more easily.
Some zookeepers are responsible for informing an audience, in an exhibit or presentation, about certain types of animals and their behavioral characteristics.
Depending on the zoo structure, keepers may be assigned to work with a broad group of animals, such as mammals, birds, or reptiles, or they may work with a limited collection of animals such as primates, large cats, or small mammals.
Traditionally, the live exhibits were often organized by taxonomy, resulting in clusters of carnivores cages, bird aviaries, primate exhibits, and so on, which led to sections within a zoo cared for by specialized staff.
Some keepers can become highly specialized such as those who concentrate on a specific group of animals like birds, great apes, elephants or reptiles.
Modern habitat exhibits attempt to display a diversity of species of different animal classes within one enclosure to represent ecosystem concepts.
The shift in exhibit arrangements is changing the scope of work for animal keepers, as they become habitat keepers, with a necessary working knowledge of living environment care, including landscape maintenance, plant care, climate control, and expanded knowledge of animals husbandry for many more species across taxonomic classes.
In the USA they are often required to have completed a college degree in zoology, biology, wildlife management, animal science, or some other animal-related field.
In other institutions keepers are required to have finished a full apprenticeship as craftsmen, before receiving special training for their task as animal keeper.
Of course in the vast array of zoos in the world, some of them are still privately owned amateur facilities with a lack of well-trained personnel.
In contrast, some zoos in Australia have a strong reliance on dedicated part-time volunteer workers, who assist zookeepers in the simpler tasks such as preparation of foods and medicines, and cleaning of animal enclosures.
In the USA, in addition to good academic preparation, most zoos prefer to hire people for zookeeping positions who have prior animal-handling experience.
Other internships can be found in an animal-related facility, including vet hospitals, humane society shelters, wildlife rehabilitation centers, farms and stables.
Internships are an opportunity for individuals who are considering a career in animal welfare to learn more about companion animals and their behaviors.
Within the story's narrative, Dantès is an intelligent, honest and loving man who turns bitter and vengeful after he is framed for a crime he did not commit.
When Dantès finds himself free and enormously wealthy, he takes it upon himself to reward those who have helped him in his plight and punish those responsible for his years of suffering.
Dantès relays these events to his patron, M. Morrel, who tells Dantès that he will try to have him named captain.
Dantès rushes off to see his father and then his beloved, the young Catalan woman Mercédès, and the two agree to be married immediately.
On the very night of their nuptial feast, Dantès is arrested as a suspected Bonapartist, a helper to Napoléon, and taken to see the public prosecutor, Gérard de Villefort.
Edmond had been anonymously and falsely denounced by Danglars, Edmond's shipmate over whom he was promoted, and Fernand Mondego, a rival suitor for Mercédès' hand.
The letter claims that on Edmond's last voyage, he made a stopover at the island of Elba, and received a letter from the deposed Emperor Napoléon.
Edmond hands over the letter, which he received in the name of Captain Leclère, and of which the contents are unknown to Edmond.
De Villefort has renounced his father, a staunch Bonapartist, and destroyed the letter to protect himself, not Edmond; to further protect his name, de Villefort sentences Edmond to imprisonment in the dreaded Chateau d'If, an island fortress from which no prisoner had ever escaped, and to which the most dangerous political prisoners are sent.
After six long years in solitary confinement in the dungeons of the Chateau, Edmond decides to commit suicide by starving himself.
He taps on his wall several times, and when the scratching stops, he concludes that it is a prisoner trying to escape.
He then uses the saucepan on which his food is served to begin digging where he heard the scratching before in hopes that it was another prisoner digging his way to freedom.
The two prisoners become very close, with the learned priest teaching Dantès all he knows about reading, mathematics, science, languages, philosophy, history, sword fighting, and economics.
The jailers, rather than burying prisoners, toss them over the fortress' wall into the sea, weighted with an iron ball chained around the legs.
The next day, he swims out to sea as a smuggling ship passes by and is rescued under the pretense of being a shipwreck victim.
Edmond soon suggests a stopover and trading of goods at the small island of Monte Cristo, during which he confirms that Faria's treasure exists.
Upon returning to Marseille, Edmond learns that his father had died of poverty and that Mercédès had married Fernand 18 months after he was supposedly executed for treason.
Caderousse tells him that Morrel had tried to obtain a fair trial for Edmond, and how Mercédès pleaded for his release.
He also learns that those who had remained loyal to him had suffered greatly, while those who had betrayed him had prospered.
Edmond thanks Caderousse for the information, paying him with a large diamond that he said had come into Edmond's possession while in prison.
Realizing that only Morrel had remained loyal, Edmond creates three disguises — an Englishman named Lord Wilmore, a clerk from the banking firm Thomson and French, and Sinbad the Sailor — and uses them to save Morrel from bankruptcy and suicide.
Having purchased the deed to the island from whence he obtained his treasure, Edmond is able to place himself in the upper strata of Parisian society and assume the role of one of the most influential men in all of France.
Having established himself in Parisian society, and having distanced himself from Edmond Dantès, the Count is able to formulate his plans of revenge against the men who betrayed him.
By the end of the novel, Edmond had exacted his revenge on all of the men who would have seen him rot in prison.
He exposes Villefort and Mondego for their part in the conspiracy, ruining their respective reputations and bringing the police down upon them; Villefort goes insane, and Mondego commits suicide.
Danglars is, for a time, captured by the Italian bandit Luigi Vampa, made to understand Edmond's suffering, and stripped of all of his wealth.
Edmond Dantès has been portrayed on film many times by actors such as George Michael Dolenz, Sr., Robert Donat, Jean Marais, Louis Jourdan, Gérard Depardieu, Richard Chamberlain, and, most recently, Jim Caviezel.
In it, the character of Dantès is envisioned as a female protagonist by the name of Emily Thorne (portrayed by actress Emily VanCamp).
In the series, Edmond seeks revenge on Baron Danglars for burning down his village and murdering his fiancée, and kills him at a party.
Edmond poses as a victim of the Queen and becomes Snow and Charming's wine steward, but he is hesitant to kill them after he discovers they are nice people.
Years later, the Evil Queen has redeemed but, because of Dr. Jekyll's serum, Regina and the Queen are two separate people.
The Queen takes Edmond's heart to try and force him to kill Snow and Charming, leaving Regina no option other than to kill Edmond to stop him.
A try is scored by grounding the ball (the ball must be touching the player when coming into contact with the ground) in the opposition's in-goal area (on or behind the goal line).
A try is analogous to a touchdown in American and Canadian football, with the major difference being that a try requires the ball be simultaneously touching the ground and an attacking player, whereas a touchdown merely requires that the player in possession of the ball enter the end zone.
Although a try is worth less in rugby league, it is more often the main method of scoring due to the smaller value of a goal kick and surety of possession.
In rugby union, however, there is heavier reliance placed on goals to accumulate points at elite levels due to the significant value of goals and the defending team's skills.
For the 2015–16 Welsh Premier Division season, World Rugby and the Welsh Rugby Union experimented with the awarding of six points for a try, along with other scoring changes.
In rugby league, an 8-point try is awarded if the defending team commits an act of foul play as the ball is being grounded.
The try is awarded, and is followed by a conversion attempt, in-line from where the try was scored, and then a penalty kick from in front of the posts.
In rugby union, foul play after a try being scored results in a penalty being awarded on the half way mark, in lieu of a kick off.
A penalty try and an 8 point try are two separate results with the latter being scarcely seen in today's game.
The kick is taken at any point on the field of play in line with the point that the ball was grounded for the try, and parallel to the touch-lines.
Note, however, that in both rugby sevens (usually, but not always, played under union rules) and rugby league nines, conversions may only take place as drop kicks.
In rugby league, the game clock continues during preparation and execution of a conversion, with the institution of a 25-second shot clock at certain tournaments from the moment the try is awarded by the referee, within which time the conversion kick must be taken, hence a team may decline a conversion attempt if recommencing play as quickly as possible is advantageous to them.
To make the conversion easier, attacking players will try to ground the ball as close to the centre of the in-goal area as possible.
The attacking player will, however, ground the ball when confronted by a defender rather than risk losing the ball by being tackled or passing it to a teammate.
In both rugby union and rugby league, a conversion is worth two points; a successful kick at goal thus converts a five-point try to seven for rugby union, and a four-point try to six for rugby league.
Modern rugby and all derived forms now favour the try over a goal and thus the try has a definite value, that has increased over time and has for many years surpassed the number of points awarded for a goal.
In rugby league and rugby union, a conversion attempt is still given, but is simply seen as adding extra 'bonus' points.
These points, however, can mean the difference between winning or losing a match, so thought is given to fielding players with good goal-kicking skill.
The change allowed the player who touched down for the try and the player who kicked the conversion to be credited separately for their portions of the score.
Clarkson University is a private research university with its main campus in Potsdam, New York, and additional graduate program and research facilities in the New York Capital Region and Beacon, New York.
It was founded in 1896 and has an enrollment of about 4,300 students studying toward bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in each of its schools or institutes: the Institute for a Sustainable Environment, the School of Arts & Sciences, the David D. Reh School of Business and the Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering.
The school was founded in 1896, funded by the sisters of Thomas S. Clarkson, a local entrepreneur who was accidentally killed while working in his sandstone quarry not far from Potsdam.
When a worker was in danger of being crushed by a loose pump, Clarkson pushed him out of the way risking his own life.
The Clarkson family realized great wealth in the development of such quarries, and Potsdam sandstone was highly sought after by developers of townhouses in New York City and elsewhere.
As of 2001, almost all academics and housing had moved to the hill campus, although the university still uses the downtown buildings known as Old Snell and Old Main for administrative functions.
On Feb. 1, 2016, Union Graduate College merged into Clarkson University and became the Clarkson University Capital Region Campus in Schenectady, N.Y.
Clarkson offers undergraduate and graduate degrees through the School of Arts & Sciences, David D. Reh School of Business, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering and the Clarkson School.
More than 50 majors and minors are available at the undergraduate level, including multidisciplinary degrees in engineering & management (E&M), environmental science & policy, digital arts & sciences, and innovation & entrepreneurship.
The center receives support from the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research for research and operating expenses as one of 14 Centers for Advanced Technology (CATs).
Clarkson's 15 Student Projects for Engineering Experience and Design (SPEED) teams allow students across all majors to participate in hands-on, extracurricular projects.
One example is the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom, where students who are studying engineering come to Clarkson for a year as part of one of the exchange programs.
Clarkson University's Entrepreneurship Program is one of the top 15 in the nation, according to the Princeton Review and Entrepreneur magazine.
Clarkson University graduates have some of the highest salaries in the nation, according to the 2019 College Salary Report from PayScale Inc.
The School offers students an early entrance opportunity into college, replacing the typical senior year of high school with a year of college.
It is one of few college early admission programs in the country that provides a real community living/learning experience on a university campus.
Every year 50 to 80 high school students are accepted to The Clarkson School, where they may work towards a GED and take college classes.
They may also work with their high schools to complete a high school diploma or drop out of high school entirely.
After they complete the program, they are given the option to enter Clarkson University with all credits from the previous year or to transfer to another school, usually as freshmen with advanced standing.
They take classes with other University students and usually carry a course load of 15 to 18 credits per semester for two semesters.
The Clarkson School students are housed in Newell House and Ormsby House in Price Hall and the typical class size is about 50 students.
The only buildings remaining in Clarkson's service at the downtown campus are a few administration buildings, the Army ROTC house, the Clarkson Hall Center for Health Sciences (physical therapy and physician assistant studies), and the Peyton Hall Business Incubator.
While Clarkson is an NCAA Division III school, both the men's and women's ice hockey teams compete in Division I, with both teams playing in the ECAC.
Clarkson's most recent NCAA tournament was as the number two seed in the 2019 NCAA Northeast Regional, where they lost in overtime to Notre Dame University, 3-2, in the 1st round.
The women's team is far younger, beginning play in 2003, than the men's team, although they too have become an ECAC power.
The team has appeared in every tournament since entering the ECAC in 2004 and have appeared in four NCAA tournaments, winning the 2018 edition, 2017 edition and 2014 edition, the first three NCAA titles won by the school, the first NCAA ice hockey title won by a school in St. Lawrence County, and the first Division I NCAA championship won by a school from the North Country.
Other Division III varsity teams compete in the Liberty League conference and include baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, men's golf, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, softball, men's and women's swimming, and women's volleyball.
The men and women's alpine skiing and nordic skiing teams compete in the MacConnell Division of the Eastern Collegiate Ski Conference (ECSC), within the United States Collegiate Ski and Snowboard Association (USCSA).
They are top contenders almost every year within their division and even conference, and have consistently qualified for the annual USCSA National Championships numerous times.
Other non-varsity clubs include men's and women's ice hockey, men's lacrosse, men's and women's rugby union, men's soccer, men's bowling, combined men's and women's crew, and ultimate frisbee.
Clarkson University's Student Association (CUSA) sponsors more than 130 clubs and organizations, the largest of which being the Outing Club, Ski Club, Cornhole Club, the Clarkson Pep Band, and the Clarkson Union Board.
K2CC has both analog and digital voice repeaters and maintains a contest and experimentation room equipped with DX, weak signal and satellite radios and antennas.
Students can broadcast their own shows, and offers a wide variety of music from Rap to Alternative, from Classic rock to street punk.
The station has a fully equipped broadcast studio (studio A), as well as a second studio for mixing (studio B), and a fully functional recording studio.
The Clarkson Photo Club is a group of students with strong interests in photography, ranging from black and white, color, or digital.
Each year, executive board members of the Golden Knotes hire music students from the neighboring Crane School of Music to serve as music director of the group.
Clarkson Robotics is a unique club on campus that brings Clarkson University students together with local high school students to design, build, and test a robot that competes in the FIRST Robotics Competition each year.
Applied CS Labs - The Applied Computer Science Labs at Clarkson University consist of the Clarkson Open Source Institute, the Internet Teaching Lab, and the Virtual Reality Lab, however only the first is populated.
These labs, better known as COSI, are almost entirely student-run, offering the opportunity to gain experience in managing both facilities and projects.
The band consists of approximately 75 full-time members, and performs at Clarkson's Cheel Arena at all of the home games for the Men's NCAA Division 1 hockey team and some games for the NCAA Division 1 Women's team.
The band also travels to Clarkson Men's ECAC Hockey conference away games with 35-40 members (unless restricted by the policies of the opposing team's arena, notably at Saint Lawrence University) and post-season tournaments.
The Clarkson Theatre Company (CTC) is a student-run theatre group, part of Clarkson University and supported by the Clarkson University Student Association (CUSA).
The mission of CTC is to provide both theatrical entertainment and an outlet for artistic self-expression in the realm of the theatre arts at Clarkson.
This festival is usually put on as a fundraiser for a charity chosen by the executive board, and takes place at the end of January or beginning of February.
Show choice for each slot is not limited to either a musical or play, but it is traditional to use this structure; as shows are chosen by a general member vote, however, any show can be chosen to be put on any semester.
Wes Craven, creator of the A Nightmare on Elm Street franchise, was a professor at Clarkson University in 1968, as well as faculty adviser to the Clarkson Drama Club (the predecessor of the current Clarkson Theatre Company).
As part of one of Professor Craven's classes, Humanities IV, several Theta Chi members wanted to make a spoof of traditional horror movies, about the strange occurrences in their fraternity's house at 18 Elm Street.
While none of those involved had very much film experience, they made the film for about $300 and it was shown twice on campus.
In 1977, the first Clarkson-only sorority was founded, and in 1987 Clarkson discontinued recognition of the local sororities at SUNY Potsdam.
Clarkson women were still allowed to join these organizations but they could not participate in on-campus rush or live in their houses prior to other off-campus options.
Over the years, there have been many different fraternities and sororities that have come and gone due to declining membership, university probationary periods, and disaffiliation from nationals.
Additionally, any new organization applying for recognition after 1977 must affiliate with a national organization within five years to maintain recognition.
Clarkson recognized international and national fraternities are Alpha Chi Rho, Delta Upsilon, Phi Kappa Sigma, Sigma Chi, Sigma Phi Epsilon, Tau Epsilon Phi and Tau Kappa Epsilon; recognized local fraternities are Omicron Pi Omicron, and Zeta Nu.
Additionally, there are a number of professional Greek lettered organizations: Alpha Kappa Psi, Chi Epsilon, Omega Chi Epsilon, Phi Delta Epsilon, Phi Kappa Phi, Tau Beta Pi, and Tri-Beta.
IFC helps to sponsor educational opportunities for all of its members and to help to promote the fraternal ideals of leadership, scholarship, service, community and brotherhood.
The Panhellenic Council provides many opportunities for involvement in campus life and the fraternity and sorority system outside of the individual sororities.
A few organizations have chapter houses off campus; others have plans of having chapter houses on campus in the near future.
ROTC has been an institution at Clarkson since May 1936, when the first ROTC Battalion was activated during the tenure of College President James S. Thomas.
The headquarters for the Golden Knight Battalion was at 49 Elm St. on Clarkson's downtown campus, where it has been located for decades.
Sian Mary Williams, (; born 28 November 1964) is a Welsh journalist and current affairs presenter, best known for her work with the BBC.
She gained a BA in English and History from Oxford Polytechnic (now Oxford Brookes University), studied critical journalistic writing at the University of Rhode Island, and graduated with a MSc in Psychology from the University of Westminster.
Williams joined the BBC in 1985 and began working as a reporter and producer for BBC Local Radio stations in Liverpool, Sheffield, Leeds and Manchester.
Williams was also a programme editor for a number of news and election specials across Radio 4 and BBC Radio 5 Live.
Producers were impressed with her performance and they offered her the prime presenting slot of 4:00 pm to 7:00 pm alongside Gavin Esler.
She became a relief presenter of the bulletin and in 2001 she became its main Friday presenter during Fiona Bruce's maternity leave.
In 2014, she began studying for a master's degree in Psychology at the University of Westminster, specialising in the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on journalists and reporters.
In February 1991, Williams married Neale Hunt, a former director of advertising firm McCann Erickson, with whom she had two sons.
Following the couple's divorce, Williams married Paul Woolwich in 2006 and gave birth to her third son in October 2006, later disclosing in an interview that she received two litres of blood following complications.
He was inducted into the Austin City Limits Hall Of Fame as one of the first three members, the other two being Willie Nelson and Stevie Ray Vaughan.
Arguably best known as a pedal steel player, Maines is a multi-instrumentalist who has also performed and/or recorded playing dobro, electric and acoustic guitar, mandolin, lap steel guitar, banjo and bell tree.
He toured and recorded as a member of the Joe Ely Band and has also played with Jerry Jeff Walker, Guy Clark, Butch Hancock, Terry Allen, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Golden Bear, and other Texas musicians.
He has produced and worked on recording projects with numerous artists, including the Bad Livers, Richard Buckner, Roger Creager, Pat Green, Butch Hancock, Wayne Hancock, Terri Hendrix, Rita Hosking, Ray Wylie Hubbard, Intocable, Robert Earl Keen, the Lost Gonzo Band, Bob Livingston, Charlie Robison, Owen Temple, Two Tons of Steel, Jerry Jeff Walker, The Waybacks, and Martin Zellar.
He frequently tours with Terri Hendrix throughout the United States, and is a major part of her band and production as an artist.
As the father of Natalie Maines, lead singer of the Dixie Chicks, he was instrumental in bringing the current lineup of bandmates together in 1995, which jump-started their sudden popularity and change in sound.
The college is named after Mother Colette Hilbert of the Franciscan Sisters of Saint Joseph, who founded the school to train teachers in 1957.
Hilbert College is a coeducational liberal arts college that currently enrolls approximately 800 students and grants both undergraduate and master's degrees.
Hilbert College offers 17 bachelor's degree programs, including psychology, digital media and communication, criminal justice, forensic science, computer security and information assurance, business, legal studies, cybersecurity, and more.
Hilbert helps students transition to college life with its First-Year Experience (FYE) program, which includes faculty/staff mentoring, seminars, guest lectures, and other tools to promote academic success and persistence to graduation.
Bogel Hall and McGrath Library were the first buildings to open when the college moved from the FSSJ Motherhouse to the new Hamburg campus.
The college later added four new apartment-style residence buildings (2003); a new residence hall, Trinity Hall (2009); an academic building, Paczesny Hall (2006); a 430-seat theater, Swan Auditorium (2006); and made renovations to the Hafner Recreation Center (2005).
Students can take part in academic clubs, honor societies, club sports, literary and drama clubs, a student newspaper, military and criminal justice clubs, as well as student government.
The Hafner Recreation Center, home to the college's basketball and volleyball teams, includes a 2,000-square-foot fitness center, four locker rooms and administrative offices.
The Hilbert Hawks participate in NCAA Division III athletics and most of the college's 15 intercollegiate teams compete in the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference (AMCC).
The Hawks field teams in baseball, men's and women's basketball, women's bowling, men's and women's cross country, mixed golf, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, softball, men's and women's track, and women's volleyball.
The Peter Strauss Ranch is a regional park unit of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area - and operated by the National Park Service as Peter Strauss Ranch Park.
It is located in the central Santa Monica Mountains — on Mulholland Highway near Agoura Hills, Southern California, in the Western United States.
The Peter Strauss Ranch Park is noted for its extensive California oak woodlands and montane chaparral habitats traversed by a walking path and hiking trail.
The park's habitats represent the California chaparral and woodlands Ecoregion - with the diverse species of the flora of the Santa Monica Mountains.
Recreational facilities, beyond trails, also include guided nature walks and programs, a swimming pool and the Lake Enchanto Dam, and a stone ranch house with a large terrazzo patio available for outdoor social events, including concerts, weddings, picnics, and art exhibits.
After California became one of the United States in 1850, the area was surveyed in 1881 to confirm the grant's land patent.
In the early 20th century, the automobile manufacturer Harry Miller, famous for his patented master carburetor featured at the Indianapolis 500, purchased the ranch as a weekend retreat from his factory and residence in Los Angeles.
Competition from other, larger amusement parks and resorts led to the decline of Lake Enchanto, which fell into disrepair and closed around 1960.
Strauss restored the property to a more natural look and lived there until 1983, when he sold it to the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy.
It was known as the Oneida and Genesee Conference Seminary, the Oneida Conference Seminary, and the Central New York Conference Seminary over the years.
It did not officially adopt the name Cazenovia Seminary until 1894, but the name was at times used from its inception and is often used to refer to it at any time before it became a college.
In 1942 Church sponsorship of Cazenovia was withdrawn, and it was reorganized to include a junior college program as well as the prep school, with the name of Cazenovia Junior College.
In 1982 it returned to being co-educational and adopted its present name, although it was not recognized as a bachelor's degree-granting institution until 1988.
Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, equestrian, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball; women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, crew, cross country, equestrian, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball.
Accounting, Art and Design, Business & Management, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice and Homeland Security Studies, Early Childhood Teacher Education, Elementary Education, English, Environmental Studies, Equine Management, Fashion Design, Fashion Merchandising, Human Services, Interior Design, International Studies, Liberal Studies, Photography, Psychology, Social Science, Sport Management, Studio Art, and Visual Communications.
As its distribution has been proven to be limited to one single site it has one of the best claims to being the world's rarest butterfly.
It was described in 1977, shortly before it became one of the second groups of butterflies to be listed under the US Endangered Species Act in 1980.
The last three to six known individuals were seen and photographed in March, 1983, but the site they occupied was scraped shortly after for fire control.
Then, in 1994, the butterfly was rediscovered by Rick Rogers, Rudi Mattoni, and Timothy Dahlum at the Defense Fuel Support Point in San Pedro, which is located on the northern (inland) side of the Palos Verdes Peninsula.
The male has a bright silvery-blue dorsal wing outlined in a narrow line of black, while the female's dorsal wing is a more brownish-gray colour.
It is rare to see the Palos Verdes blue far from its home food patch, but research shows that males cover more distance and have longer periods of flight.
The main threat to the Palos Verdes blue has been habitat destruction due to weeds and rototilling, which has negative effects on the essential larval food plants.
Recreational, commercial, or residential development of the Palos Verdes Peninsula is also a major concern in preservation of the food plants.
In 1982, the city of Rancho Palos Verdes bulldozed the then most extensive known habitat of the butterfly to build a baseball field, an act believed to have been a principal cause of the die-off of the subspecies before its rediscovery in 1994.
The case was dismissed later that year by a federal court, which said a municipality was not a person for purposes of the ESA, and thus could not be held criminally responsible.
Particular sites of reintroduction and rehabilitation of the Palos Verdes blue include Defense Fuel Support Point in San Pedro and the Linden H. Chandler Preserve.
In conjunction with other organizations, the Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy is installing and maintaining coastal sage scrub habitat on the slopes around the fuel tanks to benefit the blue butterfly.
Since that time, the Defense Logistics Agency, which operates the facility, has funded habitat restoration and a breeding program for the blue butterfly.
Honey, produced on the premises, is provided to the captive rearing program so the butterflies are able to feed on the same food source as its wild companions.
Although population viability analysis models are often very important for predicting the outcome of conservation efforts, there have been many problems with using population viability analysis models to predict Palos Verdes blue populations.
This type of modeling has proved inconclusive mainly because the Palos Verdes blue utilizes habitat so variably, depending on climatic and successional changes.
Long-term population studies are not available to provide this information because of the many local extinctions and declining numbers of this subspecies.
Current conservation efforts are supported by the Defense Logistics Agency and the U.S. Navy and implemented by the Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy, The Urban Wildlands Group, and The Butterfly Project led by biologist Jana J. Johnson at Moorpark College.
The Youth Environmental Service program of the Palos Verdes / South Bay Audubon Society and other volunteer groups have provided help weeding and establishing habitat for the butterfly.
The Youth Environmental Service (YES) program started in 2012 and focuses on conserving the Linden H. Chandler Preserve, where they work on restoring native plants for the Palos Verdes blue butterfly.
In abstract algebra, the free monoid on a set is the monoid whose elements are all the finite sequences (or strings) of zero or more elements from that set, with string concatenation as the monoid operation and with the unique sequence of zero elements, often called the empty string and denoted by ε or λ, as the identity element.
As the name implies, free monoids and semigroups are those objects which satisfy the usual universal property defining free objects, in the respective categories of monoids and semigroups.
The monoid (N,+) of natural numbers (including zero) under addition is a free monoid on a singleton free generator, in this case the natural number 1.
Thus, the abstract study of formal languages can be thought of as the study of subsets of finitely generated free monoids.
More generally, the regular languages over an alphabet A are the closure of the finite subsets of A*, the free monoid over A, under union, product, and generation of submonoid.
Note that string projection is well-defined even if the rank of the monoid is infinite, as the above recursive definition works for all strings of finite length.
For free monoids of finite rank, this follows from the fact that free monoids of the same rank are isomorphic, as projection reduces the rank of the monoid by one.
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that the monoid of positive integers under multiplication is a free commutative monoid on an infinite set of generators, the prime numbers.
Wells was established as a women's college in 1868 by Henry Wells, founder of Wells Fargo and the American Express Company.
In 1906 Henry Wells' 1852 mansion, Glen Park, was purchased by the Alumnae Association and given to the College for its use.
In 1886, Frances Folsom, Wells Class of 1885, married President Grover Cleveland and became the youngest First Lady of the United States.
After 136 years as a women's college, Wells announced on October 2, 2004 that it would become a co-educational institution in 2005.
Wells, which officially became an NCAA Division III institution prior to the 1986–87 athletic season, joined the Atlantic Women's Colleges Conference prior to the 1996–97 athletic season.
As part of the Board of Trustees decision to begin accepting men to the traditionally all-women's college, Wells in 2005 incorporated men's soccer, men's swimming, and men's and women's cross country into their athletic cadre.
Prior to the 2007–08 academic year, the Express teams were invited to join the North Eastern Athletic Conference and compete against 14 other schools in the East Region.
By joining the NEAC, Wells can compete for conference championships with the added benefit of receiving an automatic qualifier in select sports to participate in the NCAA tournament.
Men's basketball, who won the NEAC championship in 2010–11, was the first team from Wells to participate in the NCAA Tournament.
As of the 2015–16 athletic season, Wells offers 16 NCAA Division III varsity sports, including field hockey, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming, men's and women's volleyball, men's and women's cross country, softball, baseball, and women's tennis.
Wells allows students to have take-home exams, and to work in their residence hall rooms, at the library, or on the dock by the lake, rather than only in classrooms.
This is most easily visualized in two dimensions (the Euclidean plane) by thinking of one set of points as being colored blue and the other set of points as being colored red.
The problem of determining if a pair of sets is linearly separable and finding a separating hyperplane if they are, arises in several areas.
In statistics and machine learning, classifying certain types of data is a problem for which good algorithms exist that are based on this concept.
One reasonable choice as the best hyperplane is the one that represents the largest separation, or margin, between the two sets.
So we choose the hyperplane so that the distance from it to the nearest data point on each side is maximized.
If the training data are linearly separable, we can select two hyperplanes in such a way that they separate the data and there are no points between them, and then try to maximize their distance.
Quercus agrifolia, the California live oak or coast live oak, is a highly variable, often shrubby evergreen oak tree, a type of live oak, native to the California Floristic Province.
Some specimens may attain an age exceeding 250 years, with trunk diameters up to , such as those on the Filoli estate in San Mateo County.
The crown is broadly rounded and dense, especially when aged 20 to 70 years; in later life the trunk and branches are more well defined and the leaf density lower.
The leaves are dark green, oval, often convex in shape, long and broad; the leaf margin is spiny-toothed (spinose), with sharp thistly fibers that extend from the lateral leaf veins.
The convex leaf shape may be useful for interior leaves which depend on capturing reflected light scattered in random directions from the outer canopy.
The flowers are produced in early-to-mid spring; the male flowers are pendulous catkins long, the female flowers inconspicuous, less than long, with 1–3 clustered together.
The fruit is a slender reddish brown acorn long and broad, with the basal quarter enclosed in a cupule; unusually for a red oak, the acorns mature about 7–8 months after pollination (most red oak acorns take 18 months to mature).
Coast live oak is the only California native oak that actually thrives in the coastal environment, although it is rare on the immediate shore; it enjoys the mild winter and summer climate afforded by ocean proximity, and it is somewhat tolerant of aerosol-borne sea salt.
It is the dominant overstory plant of the coast live oak woodland habitat, often joined by California bay laurel and California buckeye north of Big Sur.
Normally the tree is found on well drained soils of coastal hills and plains, often near year round or perennial streams.
It may be found in several natural communities including coast live oak woodland, Engelmann oak woodland, valley oak woodland and both northern and southern mixed evergreen forests.
While normally found within of the Pacific Ocean at elevations less than , in southern California it occasionally occurs at up to in altitude.
The trees recover, and botanists speculate that the species provide mutual benefit, possibly in the form of fertilizer for the oak.
The seeds were ground into meal, which after being washed was boiled into mush or baked in ashes to make bread.
In the 18th century, Spaniards in the San Fernando Valley used the wood for charcoal to fire kilns in making adobe.
Pioneers moving west would harvest small amounts for making farm implements and wagon wheels, but the greatest impact was the wholesale clearing of oak woodlands to erect sprawling cities such as San Diego and San Francisco.
The irregular shape often let the tree escape widespread harvest for building timbers, and also led the early settlers to endow the coast live oak with mystical qualities.
It is however sensitive to changes in grading and drainage; in particular, it is important to respect the root crown level and avoid adding soil near the trunk when construction or landscaping occurs.
The term enemy of the people or enemy of the nation, is a designation for the political or class opponents of the subgroup in power within a larger group.
The Soviet Union made extensive use of the term until 1956, notably Stalin, who used it to describe anybody critical of himself personally.
Enemy of the people (Alb: Armiku i popullit) in Albania was the enemy typology of the Communist Albanian regime used to denounce political or class opponents.
From 1945 to 1991, around 5000 men and women were executed and close to 100,00 were sent to prison as they were labeled enemies of the people.
On June 1, 1945, The Albanian Central Commission for the Discovery of Crimes, of War Criminals and Enemies of the People requested the International Commission for the Discovery of Crimes and War Criminals to hand over a number of Albanian war criminals found in concentration camps in Italy such as Bari, Lecce, Salerno and others.
This automatically translated into a deprivation of various social benefits; some of them, e.g., rationing, were at times critical for survival.
It made possible the use of the cruelest repression, violating all norms of [...] legality, against anyone who in any way disagreed with Stalin, against those who were only suspected of hostile intent, against those who had bad reputations ...
In whatever country they settle and spread themselves out, they produce the same effects as are produced in the human body by germs.
In the United States during the 1960s, leftist organizations such as the Black Panther Party and Students for a Democratic Society were known to use the term.
The paper issued character assassinations of all the judges involved in the ruling (Lord Chief Justice Lord Thomas, Sir Terence Etherton, and Lord Justice Sales), and received more than 1,000 complaints to the Independent Press Standards Organisation.
The Secretary of State for Justice, Liz Truss issued a three line statement defending the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, which some saw as inadequate due to the delayed response and failure to condemn the attacks.
Some commentators tried to link these comments to a mass shooting at the offices of a newspaper publisher in Annapolis, Maryland, that took place only days later, on June 28.
The 7 km long, sandy beach here, backed by vegetated hills and looking out to Hios and Psara, offers some of the warmest, cleanest swimming on Lesvos.
3 km west you can gaze out to the cape of Agios Fokas, where foundations and columns stubs remain of the temple of Dionysos and an early Christian basilica.
The Vatera area hit the Greek news in 1997 when a palaeontologist, Michael Dermitzakis, confirmed what farmers unearthing bones had long suspected when he announced that the area was a treasure trove of two-million-year-old fossils, belonging to the Late Pliocene.
Around two million years ago, Lesvos was not an island but was joined to the Asian mainland, and the gulf of Vatera was a subtropical shallow sea.
The environment of Vatera at that time, was partly forested, partly open woodlands, with meandering rivers through the area flowing to the sea.
In the nearby village of Vrissa, the University of Athens has established a natural history collection dedicated to the palaeontological finds.
Ramil Sahib oglu Safarov (, ); born August 25, 1977) is an officer of the Azerbaijani Army who was convicted of the 2004 murder of Armenian Army Lieutenant Gurgen Margaryan.
During a NATO-sponsored training seminar in Budapest, Safarov broke into Margaryan's dormitory room at night and axed Margaryan to death while he was asleep.
In 2006, Safarov was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment in Hungary with a minimum incarceration period of 30 years.
After his request under the Strasbourg Convention, he was extradited on August 31, 2012 to Azerbaijan, where he was greeted as a hero, pardoned by Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev despite contrary assurances made to Hungary, promoted to the rank of major and given an apartment and over eight years of back pay.
Ramil Safarov was born on August 25, 1977 in the town of Jabrayil, former Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic of Soviet Union (now Azerbaijan) where he finished middle school.
Jabrayil was occupied by Armenian forces on August 26, 1993, and remains under control of Nagorno-Karabakh army as part of the unresolved Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
This, however, contradicted another version he told the court, where he stated that he was studying in Azerbaijan's capital of Baku and in Turkey from 1992 to 1996.
He continued his studies at Maltepe Military High School in İzmir and then at the Turkish Military Academy, graduating in 2000, after which he returned to Azerbaijan.
In January 2004, the 26-year-old Ramil Safarov, along with another officer from Azerbaijan, went to Budapest (Hungary), to participate in the three-month English language courses, organized by NATO's Partnership for Peace program for military personnel from different countries.
Safarov's roommate had returned to his native Ukraine to attend the funerals of his relatives and so nobody interrupted Safarov as he sharpened the axe in his room.
At around 5:00 am on February 19 Safarov took the axe and went to Margaryan's room, which he was sharing with his Hungarian roommate, Balázs Kuti.
The noises woke up Kuti, who was shocked seeing the Azerbaijani officer standing by Gurgen’s bed with a long axe in his hands.
He said that he had no problems with me and would not touch me, stabbed Gurgen a couple of more times and left.
Afterwards, Safarov headed for the room of Makuchyan, the other Armenian student, with the intention of attacking him also, but found his door locked.
The half-sleeping Makuchyan wanted to open the door, but his Lithuanian roommate stopped him and called his compatriot next door to check what was going on.
Meanwhile, Safarov went to look for Hayk in the room of the Serbian and the Ukrainian roommates, showing them the blood-stained axe and stating that he thirsted for nobody's blood but Armenian.
Safarov then attempted to break the door with the axe, but, by this time, the students in the neighboring rooms already woke up, went out to the corridor and tried to persuade him to stop.
A Hungarian court later found that it was an attempt on Makuchyan’s life and recognized the latter also as a victim.
While announcing the verdict the judge particularly emphasized that if Safarov had not been restrained by his fellow officers he would have killed the second Armenian officer as well.
According to Balázs Kuti, at the very beginning of the language courses, when the students got acquainted, there was a conversation about different international issues, but nobody spoke of it afterwards.
Makuchyan's neighbor, officer Saulius Paulius also said that he observed nothing strange in the relationship between the Armenian and the Azerbaijani guys.
The police afterwards interrogated all the students and all testified that there was no conflict between the Armenian and the Azerbaijani officers and that they did not even interact with each other.
To the question as to why he chose to attack Margaryan first Safarov answered it was because he was big, muscular and of sportive type.
When the case went to trial Safarov's defense asserted that the murder was committed because Margaryan had insulted the Azerbaijani flag.
Safarov did not mention any of this in either his interrogation or his court trial and made it very clear he killed Margaryan just because he was an Armenian.
No witnesses were ever called during the trial to corroborate these allegations of harassment in court and prosecution lawyers strongly disputed that they had taken place.
Despite the lack of evidence the Azerbaijani media, including state-owned media outlets, have circulated the version of the flag for making Safarov a national hero.
The judge, Andras Vaskuti, cited the premeditated nature and brutality of the crime and the fact that Safarov showed no remorse for his deeds as the reasons for the sentence.
The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs condemned Azerbaijan's reaction to the brutal murder of the Armenian officer in a hearing.
After serving eight years of the life sentence, Safarov was extradited under the framework guidelines of the 1983 Strasbourg Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons and transferred to Azerbaijan on August 31, 2012.
Azerbaijani Defense Minister Safar Abiyev promoted Safarov to the rank of major and the Defense Ministry of Azerbaijan provided him with an apartment and over eight years of back pay.
Novruz Mammadov, the head of the presidential foreign relations department, said that secret talks had been going on for a year between Azerbaijan and Hungary, and that agreement had been reached on the visit of Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán.
A week before Safarov's release there came reports that the two countries were in talks over a loan from Azerbaijan to Hungary of 2-3bn euros ($2.5-3.8bn; £1.6-2.4bn) which gave way to speculations in Hungary that Orbán extradited Safarov in return for a promise that Azerbaijan would buy Hungarian bonds.
It is very touching to see this son of the homeland, which was thrown in jail after he defended his country's honor and dignity of the people.
President Serzh Sargsyan announced Armenia's suspension of diplomatic relations and all official communications with Hungary on the day of Safarov's release.
Sargsyan suggested the possibility that Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev and Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán had entered into a secret agreement during the latter's visit to Baku on June 30, 2012.
A number of sources in the media have also speculated that Hungary's deepening economic ties with Azerbaijan may have had something to do with Safarov's release.
Despite government denials, opposition parties said Orbán let Safarov return to Azerbaijan in the hope of economic favors in return from the energy producer Azerbaijan.
Representatives of MSZP, the largest opposition party, called for various subcommittees of the parliament to examine who exactly made the decision and why the procedure was kept secret.
Zardusht Alizadeh, chair of the Open Society Institute in Azerbaijan, condemned the act of pardon, saying it would not contribute positively to the peaceful solution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Azerbaijani media have criticized the United States' concern for Safarov's pardon and added that it should have reacted the same way when Varoujan Garabedian, a member of ASALA who was imprisoned in France, was expelled to Armenia after his pardon by France in 2001.
Meanwhile, the organization Azerbaijani Americans for Democracy sent an open letter to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, urging the United States to devote more of its attention to the human rights abuses of President Aliyev, instead of Safarov's pardon.
In October 2012 four Hungarian intellectuals - historian, political analyst Zoltán Bíró, rector of the John Wesley Theological College Gábor Iványi, journalist/publicist Gábor Deák and writer Rudolf Ungváry, arrived in Armenia to apologize for the extradition of Ramil Safarov.
Hungarian scientist and expert in Armenian studies Benedek Zsigmond joined in the protest organized by many NGOs in Hungary against the decision of Safarov's extradition and made a public statement of apology for the Hungarian government's action.
In September, the Kispest district of Budapest had a new square named after Kemal Atatürk and a statue of him was revealed among protests from local Armenians and Greeks who considered it a provocation.
In the months preceding the ceremony the local government was pondering the matter, being caught between the resentment of minority groups and the will to preserve good relations with its sister city Pendik, whose representatives have already been invited to the ceremony.
In many cities around the world where Armenian diaspora is present demonstrations took place against Hungarian and Azerbaijani government actions, including New York City, Ottawa, Tbilisi, Rostov-on-Don.
Their relationship with the Hungarian government is getting worse every day and the authorities are making their lives more difficult through scare tactics.
The highway's northern terminus is north of Westhope, North Dakota, at the Canada–United States border, where it continues as Manitoba Highway 83.
US 83 is a largely north–south highway, in length, in Texas except for a segment parallel to the Rio Grande, where it takes an east–west course, much of which runs concurrently with the Interstate 2 (I-2) freeway.
It enters the United States and Texas near Brownsville concurrent with US 77 and then splits from US 77 at Harlingen.
Passing Weslaco with I-2, it begins to veer northward and passes the current western terminus of I-2 at Penitas, follows the Rio Grande to Laredo where it meets I-35 in a concurrency before heading northwestward.
It meets I-10 at Junction, where it has a concurrency with I-10, before heading almost due-north to Abilene, meeting I-20 on an expressway before heading north again on mostly undivided surface roads.
US-83 traverses the Oklahoma panhandle along the western border of Beaver County, but in this brief stretch it encounters no fewer than three other federal highways.
At this intersection, US-270 West joins the highway, and together with US-83 proceeds northbound for the final six miles (10 km) to the Kansas line.
North of Liberal, US 83 begins a multiplex with US 160, and the highways remain joined until reaching Sublette, the seat of Haskell County.
US 83 and US 160 split north of Sublette, with US 160 heading west toward Ulysses, and US 83 continuing north toward Garden City.
At Garden City, US 50 and US 400 join US 83 for a brief concurrency on a bypass around the east and north sides of the city while U.S. 83 Business follows the former routing through downtown.
At the north end of the US 50-83 Business route, US 83 splits and heads north toward Scott City, while US 50 and US 400 remain joined through the rest of the state.
The highway passes through largely unpopulated areas of Finney County and Scott County before reaching a junction with K-96 in downtown Scott City.
In northern Scott County, K-4 has its origins at US 83, heading east toward Healy, and US 83 traverses through rolling farmlands until reaching Oakley, the seat of Logan County.
US 83 reaches US 40 less than a mile west of Interstate 70, and the two highways jog west for a brief multiplex before US 83 splits and crosses I-70.
After passing through Selden, K-383 splits from US 83 and continues northeast to US 36, while US 83 meets the beginning of K-23.
After leaving North Platte in a northeasterly direction, it turns north near Thedford and goes north through the Sand Hills to Valentine.
The South Dakota section of U.S. 83, with the exception of concurrencies with U.S. 18, Interstate 90, U.S. 14, U.S. 212, and U.S. 12, is defined at South Dakota Codified Laws § 31-4-180.
U.S. 83 enters North Dakota at the South Dakota state line, near the town of Hague, and runs northward for approximately , serving the small cities of Strasburg and Linton before reaching Interstate 94.
Headed toward Minot U.S. 83 traverses mostly agricultural land, passing through the some small cities such as Wilton, Washburn and Underwood north to Max.
Leaving Underwood, U.S. 83 encounters a large strip-mining coal (lignite) operation which can not only be seen from the roadway in the vicinity of Falkirk, but a small viaduct carries coal over the highway.
North of Coleharbor, U.S. 83 briefly merges both roadways and shares land with an adjacent railroad line in order to cross a viaduct that separates Lake Sakakawea from Lake Audubon.
North of the lakes, the surroundings return to cropland and grazing land, though a wind farm is located south of Minot.
U.S. 83 passes directly through Minot, where it is known as Broadway, although the Minot Bypass to the west is an alternate route.
From Minot, the northbound route passes Minot Air Force Base where it returns to a two-lane highway, and shares a roadway with eastbound North Dakota Highway 5 about north of the base for about 10 miles.
Blue balls is slang for the condition of temporary fluid congestion (vasocongestion) in the testicles accompanied by testicular pain, caused by prolonged sexual arousal in the human male without ejaculation.
In this episode, hearing that legendary Starfleet officer Spock may have defected to the Romulan Empire, Picard travels to Vulcan to talk to Spock's father, former ambassador Sarek, who is near death from the ravages of Bendii Syndrome.
In a rare lucid moment, Sarek discloses that Spock has long harbored hopes of peacefully reuniting the Vulcan and Romulan peoples, who once were part of the same civilization.
Upon finding Spock, Picard learns that the Vulcan is indeed on an unauthorized mission to reunify his people with the Romulans.
Starfleet Admiral Brackett informs Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) that Ambassador Spock (Leonard Nimoy) has gone missing and an intelligence scan has placed him on Romulus, raising fears that he may have defected.
Sarek gives Picard the name of Pardek, a Romulan Senator that he knew Spock had been maintaining a dialogue with for several decades.
Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) discovers a visual record of Pardek from a trade conference and confirms him as being the figure seen on the intelligence scan of Spock on Romulus.
Picard calls in a favor from Chancellor Gowron (Robert O'Reilly), speaking to one of his aides and convincing him to lend them a Klingon ship that could take them to Romulus while cloaked.
On Romulus, Picard and Data (surgically disguised as Romulans) locate the spot where the record of Pardek and Spock was taken, which Data determines is an intelligence bureau building.
They wait until Pardek arrives, but when they approach him, they find themselves met by soldiers and taken to a cavern.
Pardek has asked Spock to come to Romulus to meet with the new Proconsul of the Romulan Senate, a young idealist who has promised reforms.
Picard expresses concern that the willingness of the Romulans may be part of a larger ploy; Spock agrees but points out that if a larger plot is at work, it is best they play out their roles within it to uncover it.
The stolen Vulcan ship and two others are carrying a Romulan invasion force, under the guise of escorting a peace envoy.
Spock refuses to deceive his people by announcing the false news, even after Sela threatens to kill him, and she locks the three in her office and leaves to order the ships on their way.
By the time she returns, Data has hacked into the Romulan computer system and created a holographic simulation that distracts her long enough for the three captives to incapacitate her and her officers.
A medical distress signal comes in - a distraction created by Sela - but as Riker orders the ship toward its source, they receive a broadcast from Romulus in which Spock reveals the true nature of the Vulcan ships.
Spock makes reference to the events of the movie when he asks Picard if he was aware of Spock's role in the first peace overtures to the Klingons.
Spock says that he forced Captain Kirk to accept the mission, and that he felt responsible for what happened to Kirk and his crew.
They praise actor-director Leonard Nimoy reprising the character Spock, and his scenes with Jean-Luc Picard as played by actor Sir Patrick Stewart.
The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF) is a public university in Syracuse, New York.
It also operates facilities in the Adirondack Park (including the Ranger School in Wanakena), the Thousand Islands, elsewhere in central New York, and Costa Rica.
The New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University was established in 1911 through a bill signed by New York Governor John Alden Dix.
Syracuse native and constitutional lawyer Louis Marshall, with a summer residence at Knollwood Club on Saranac Lake and a prime mover for the establishment of the Adirondack and Catskill Forest Preserve (New York), became a Syracuse University Trustee in 1910.
He confided in Chancellor James R. Day his desire to have an agricultural and forestry school at the University, and by 1911 his efforts resulted in a New York State bill to fund the project: the aforementioned appropriation bill signed by Governor Dix.
Marshall was elected president of the college's board of trustees at its first meeting, in 1911; at the time of his death, eighteen years later, he was still president of the board.
The first dean of the college was William L. Bray, a Ph.D., graduate from the University of Chicago, botanist, plant ecologist, biogeographer and Professor of Botany at Syracuse University.
In 1907 he was made head of the botany department at Syracuse, and in 1908 he started teaching a forestry course in the basement of Lyman Hall.
Most of the professors in the early years of the College of Forestry at Syracuse and the Department of Forestry at Cornell's New York State College of Agriculture were educated in forestry at the Yale School of Forestry.
Research at the college commenced in 1912, with a study of New York state firms using lumber, including from which tree species and in what quantities.
The college began enrolling women as early as 1915, but the first women to complete their degrees—one majoring in landscape engineering and two in pulp and paper—graduated in the late 1940s.
The cornerstone of Louis Marshall Memorial Hall was laid in 1931 by former Governor and presidential candidate Alfred E. Smith who was elected to assume the presidency of the college's board of trustees.
With the formation of the State University of New York (SUNY) in 1948, the college became recognized as a specialized college within the SUNY system, and its name was changed to State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University.
In 1972, the college's name was changed yet again to State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
Unlike other state-supported degree-granting institutions which had been created at private institutions in New York State, the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University was an autonomous institution not administratively part of Syracuse University.
Other buildings on the Syracuse campus include one for maintenance and operations, a garage, and a greenhouse converted to office space.
The tree is said to have grown from an acorn brought back by a faculty member from the Sherwood Forest in England.
The campus, established in 1912, is situated on the east branch of the Oswegatchie River that flows into Cranberry Lake, in the northwestern part of the Adirondack Park.
ESF has academic departments in the fields of chemistry; environmental and forest biology; environmental resources engineering; environmental studies; forest and natural resources management; landscape architecture; and paper and bioprocess engineering.
2, ahead of top programs like Duke, Cornell and Yale, among the best college environmental programs in the nation by Treehugger.com, a website devoted to sustainability and environmental news.
Global issues such as responsible energy use and development of sustainable energy sources are critical focal points in the STEM major.
The first research report published in 1913 by the College of Forestry was the result of the above noted USDA Forest Service supported study of the wood-using industries of New York State.
Since that time, the research initiatives of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF) have expanded greatly as both faculty and students conduct pioneering studies, many with a global reach.
A number of professional organizations are also open to student membership, including the Society of American Foresters, The Wildlife Society, Conservation Biology club, American Fisheries Association, and the (currently defunct) American Water Resources Association.
ESF students take courses at their sister institution, can apply for admission to concurrent degree and joint certificate programs, and may join any SU organization except for NCAA sports teams.
The building includes a state-of-the-art, combined heat-and-power (CHP) system, producing 65% of campus heating needs along with 20% of its electrical needs.
The CHP system uses biomass to drive a steam turbine and produce electricity, while natural gas is used for steam heating along with additional electricity.
Biomass is a renewable resource that draws light energy, carbon dioxide, and water from the environment; in return oxygen is released.
Benefits of woody willow include, high yields and fast growth times, quick re-sprouting, and high heat energy is produced when burned.
The men's soccer team was invited to the 2012 USCAA National Championship Tournament in Asheville, North Carolina, making it to the semifinals.
The team came in first in both the men's and women's divisions of the northeastern US and Canadian 2012 spring meet.
In addition to the intercollegiate USCAA and woodsman teams, ESF students participate on club sports teams at both ESF and Syracuse University, including ESF's competitive bass fishing team, and SU's quidditch team.
In one notable part of the College's history, Laurie D. Cox, professor of Landscape Architecture, was responsible for establishing Syracuse University's renowned lacrosse program in 1916, including players from the New York State College of Forestry.
ESF was founded in 1911 as the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, under the leadership of Syracuse University Trustee Louis Marshall, with the active support of Syracuse University Chancellor Day.
Its founding followed several years after the cessation of state funding to the earlier New York State College of Forestry at Cornell.
The two schools share a common Schedule of Classes; students may take courses at both institutions, and baccalaureate diplomas from ESF bear the Syracuse University seal along with that of the State University of New York.
ESF receives an annual appropriation as part of the SUNY budget and the state builds and maintains all of the college's educational facilities.
The state has somewhat similar financial and working relationships with five statutory colleges that are at Alfred University and Cornell University, although unlike ESF, these statutory institutions are legally and technically part of their respective host institutions and are administered by them as well.
ESF faculty, students, and students' families join those from Syracuse University (SU) in a joint convocation ceremony at the beginning of the academic year in August and combined commencement exercises in May.
ESF and SU students share access to library resources, recreational facilities, student clubs, and activities at both institutions, except for the schools' intercollegiate athletics teams, affiliated with the USCAA and NCAA, respectively.
The tradition, which dates back to at least the early 1960s, is intended to inhibit tracks from being worn into the lawn.
From soon after its founding, ESF affiliated individuals have been responsible for establishing and leading prominent scientific and advocacy organizations around the world focused on the environment.
Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky of Sebuzin and of Horstein (1580 – 21 November 1644) was a Bohemian lawyer and writer, who held various secretarial, diplomatic, and judicial posts under Rudolf II, Mathias, Ferdinand II, and Ferdinand III, under whom Raphael was the attorney-general.
According to a 1666 letter which was stored with the manuscript, Raphael had told the letter's writer, Marcus Marci, that the manuscript had originally belonged to Rudolf, who had purchased it for 600 gold ducats.
The expression was coined in the 19th century by Russian literary critic Vissarion Belinsky to describe writers who lacked Russian national character.
After World War II, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) grew increasingly influential to the post-Holocaust Soviet Jewry, and was accepted as its representative in the West.
Recently, a dangerous tendency seems to be seen in some of the literary works emanating under the pernicious influence of the West and brought about by the subversive activities of the foreign intelligence.
Frequently in the pages of Soviet literary journals works are found where Soviet people, builders of communism are shown in pathetic and ludicrous forms.
The positive Soviet hero is derided and inferior before all things foreign and cosmopolitanism that we all fought against from the time of Lenin, characteristic of the political leftovers, is many times applauded.
In 1946 and 1947, the new campaign against cosmopolitanism affected Soviet scientists, such as the physicist Pyotr Kapitsa and the president of the Belorussian Academy of Sciences .
In January 1948, the JAC's head, the popular actor and world-famous public figure Solomon Mikhoels, was killed by on the Politburo's orders; his murder was framed as a car accident where a truck ran over him as he was taking a walk on a narrow road.
The USSR voted for the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and in May 1948, it recognized the establishment of the state of Israel there, subsequently supporting it with weapons (via Czechoslovakia, in defiance of the embargo) in the 1948 Arab–Israeli war.
Many Soviet Jews felt inspired and sympathetic towards Israel and sent thousands of letters to the (still formally existing) JAC with offers to contribute to or even volunteer for Israel's defence.
Huge enthusiastic crowds (estimated 50,000) gathered along her path and in and around Moscow synagogue when she attended it for Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah.
These events corresponded in time with a visible upsurge of Russian nationalism orchestrated by official propaganda, the increasingly hostile Cold War and the realization by the Soviet leadership that Israel had chosen the Western option.
Domestically, Soviet Jews were being considered a security liability for their international connections, especially to the United States, and growing national awareness.
With the United States becoming the opponent of the Soviet Union by the end of 1948, the USSR switched sides in the Arab–Israeli conflict and began supporting the Arabs against Israel, first politically and later also militarily.
For his part David Ben-Gurion declared support for the United States in the Korean War, despite opposition from left-wing Israeli parties.
From 1950 on, Israeli–Soviet relations were an inextricable part of the Cold War—with ominous implications for Soviet Jews supporting Israel, or perceived as supporting it.
The campaign included a crusade in the state-controlled mass media to expose literary pseudonyms of Jewish writers by putting their real names in parentheses in order to reveal to the public that they were ethnic Jews.
Thirteen Soviet Jewish poets and writers, five of them members of Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, were executed in the Lubyanka Prison in Moscow on August 12, 1952.
As a result of the campaign, many Soviet Jews were fired from their jobs and Jews were unofficially banned from taking certain jobs.
For example, in 1947, Jews constituted 18 per cent of Soviet scientific workers, but by 1970 this number declined to 7 per cent, which was still higher than about 3 to 4 per cent of the total Soviet population at that time they comprised.
An example is a stockbroker who buys and sells securities in a portfolio more frequently than is necessary, in order to generate commission fees.
In this strategy, an investor is advised to repeatedly buy or sell small lots of a security as the price changes.
In this way the overall cost is averaged down as prices fall, and the investor is protected from market fluctuations which can be very difficult to accurately predict.
The effectiveness of this as an investing strategy is open to debate, but it involves many transactions, creating brokerage commissions for the brokerage firm.
Customers choose the bigger size even if it is more than they would like to eat or drink because it seems like a better deal.
Textbook publishers are often accused of product churning for their practice of frequently publishing new editions of their texts (thus rendering previous editions obsolete, forcing students to purchase the new editions as required texts and minimizing or eliminating the prices paid for the old editions by bookstore buyback programs), often while making insignificant changes to the information presented in the text.
This involves selling a basic product at a loss (or low profit margin), but receiving very high profit margins on associated products that are necessary for the basic product's continued usage.
Examples of this strategy include razors (and their blades), computer printers (and their ink cartridge refills), cell phones (and their usage time), and cameras (and film).
It was formed 25 to 10 million years ago from a huge volcanic pile which formed two domes - one centred around Carnley Harbour in the south and another (the Ross Dome) around Disappointment Island to the west.
Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, at ; Mount Raynal, at ; Mount D'Urville, at ; Mount Easton, at ; and the Tower of Babel, at .
At the western side a very narrow channel known as Victoria Passage separates the main island from the smaller Adams Island.. Adams Island and the southern part of the main island form the crater rim north of Carnley Harbour's mouth lies Cape Lovitt, the westernmost point of New Zealand.
Up to 400 may be found in the harbour during the winter months, and are regularly surveyed by the University of Otago.
The island is part of the Auckland Island group Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because of the significance of the group as a breeding site for several species of seabirds.
Of these only shags are currently breeding on main Auckland Island, in areas where introduced cats and pigs cannot access their nests.
A project proposed by the Department of Conservation aims to remove these pests from the island, with feasibility trials started in 2018.
Goats were introduced to the Auckland Islands several times in the second half of the nineteenth century, to serve as a source of food for castaway sailors, with at least one liberation in 1865 on the main Auckland Island.
By the 1970s, only one population remained, a group of about 100 based on the northwest side of Port Ross, in the north-east of the main island.
An investigation in 1999 into the fate of the translocated animals in New Zealand found that the breed had become extinct.
Auckland Island pigs are a feral race of domestic pigs which are considered a distinct breed by the Rare Breeds Conservation Society of New Zealand.
Pigs have had a severe impact on populations of megaherbs, with populations of these plants on Auckland Island being almost totally depleted by the early 1900s.
Dunnocks, common redpolls, Eurasian blackbirds, song thrushes and common starlings which were introduced onto mainland New Zealand have naturally established on Auckland Island.
Auckland Island was the site of the failed settlement of Hardwicke, which was founded in 1849 but survived only three years before being disbanded in 1852.
Both the and the were wrecked on Auckland Island in 1864, and groups of survivors lived unaware of each other on opposite ends of the island.
Two stations were constructed: One at Ranui Cove in outer Port Ross and another at Tagua, on Musgrave Peninsula in Carnley Harbour.
The Fairey Albacore was a British single-engine carrier-borne biplane torpedo bomber built by Fairey Aviation between 1939 and 1943 for the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm and used during the Second World War.
It had a crew of three and was designed for spotting and reconnaissance as well as level, dive, and torpedo bombing.
However, the Albacore served alongside the Swordfish and was retired before it, being replaced from 1944 by two monoplane designs, the Fairey Barracuda and Grumman Avenger.
The Albacore prototypes were built to meet Specification S.41/36 for a three-seat TSR (torpedo/spotter/reconnaissance) for the FAA to replace the Swordfish.
It offered the crew an enclosed and heated cockpit and had an automatic liferaft ejection system that triggered in the event of the aircraft ditching.
The first of two prototypes flew on 12 December 1938 and production of the first batch of 98 aircraft began in 1939.
Boscombe Down testing of the Albacore and Taurus II engine, in February 1940, showed a maximum speed of 160 mph (258 km/h), at an altitude of 4,800 ft (1,463 m), at 11,570 lb (5,259 kg), which was achieved with four under-wing depth charges, while maximum speed without the depth charges was 172 mph (277 km/h).
A total of 800 Albacores were built, including two prototypes which were all built at Fairey's Hayes Factory and test flown at what is now London Heathrow Airport.
826 Naval Air Squadron was specially formed to operate the first Albacores in March 1940, being used for attacks against harbours and shipping in the English Channel, operating from shore bases and for convoy escort for the rest of 1940. s 826 and 829 Squadrons were the first to operate the Albacore from a carrier, with operations starting in November 1940.
Initially, the Albacore suffered from reliability problems with the Taurus engine, although these were later solved, so that the failure rate was no worse than the Pegasus equipped Swordfish.
The Albacore remained less popular than the Swordfish, as it was less manoeuvrable, with the controls being too heavy for a pilot to take much evasive action after dropping a torpedo.
Albacores participated with more success in the Battle of Cape Matapan and the fighting at El Alamein as well as supporting the landings at Sicily and Salerno.
828 Squadron, based at RAF Hal Far, Malta, operated a squadron of Albacores under severe blitz conditions during the siege of Malta, mainly against Italian shipping and shore targets in Sicily.
Based on information from one of six radar equipped aircraft already airborne, Albacores from 817 and 832 Squadrons launched torpedoes and some also attacked with their machine guns.
841 Squadron, which had been used for shore based attacks against shipping in the Channel for the whole of its career with the Albacore, disbanded in late 1943.
415 Squadron RCAF was equipped with Albacores (presumably ex-FAA) before the Flight operating them was transferred and reformed as 119 Squadron at RAF Manston in July 1944.
The squadron deployed later to Belgium and their Albacores were disposed of in early 1945, due to spares shortages, in favour of the inferior but ASV radar-equipped Swordfish Mk.IIIs that the squadron kept until the end of the war on 8 May.
The Royal Canadian Air Force took over the Albacores and used them during the Normandy invasion, for a similar role until July 1944.
Only one Albacore is known to survive, on display at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, which was built using parts of Albacores N4389 and N4172 recovered from crash sites.
He initially worked as kitchen helper at the Jesuit school at Krumlov, but was eventually admitted to the Krumlov Seminary of poor students in 1590.
There he also worked in the college's pharmacy, on topics involving chemistry and herbalism, under the overseeing of Martin Schaffner (1564–1608).
By 1598, he started studying Aristotelian philosophy at the Clementinum college in Prague (which was later merged with Charles University), and at the same time oversaw the kitchen and pantry, but continued working in chemistry and pharmacy.
However, Sinapius was not satisfied with the teachings there, learning Barbara and Celare, instead of physics and the origins of nature.
Here he grew herbs and set up a laboratory at Smíchov (then a village behind Prague walls), the Clementinum's botanical garden.
Subsequently, was exchanged by another prisoner (famous physician Jessenius) and exiled, but later, after defeating of the Bohemian Revolt, he returned to Mělník and lived there the rest of his life.
Two days before his death he was moved to the Clementinum at the care of the Jesuits, and left them the sum of 50,000 gold coins and his Mělník estate.
Voynich saw the faint writing later revealed as Jacobus Sinapius (Jacobus Hořčický de Tepenec), Voynich subsequently used many chemicals to make it clearer but failed.
Its attested provenance begins with him, since the story that it was owned by Emperor Rudolf II rests on a single piece of unsubstantiated hearsay, related at second hand in a letter to Athanasius Kircher.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths.
The array has been constructed on the elevation Chajnantor plateau - near the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment.
This location was chosen for its high elevation and low humidity, factors which are crucial to reduce noise and decrease signal attenuation due to Earth's atmosphere.
ALMA is expected to provide insight on star birth during the early Stelliferous era and detailed imaging of local star and planet formation.
ALMA began scientific observations in the second half of 2011 and the first images were released to the press on 3 October 2011.
The initial ALMA array is composed of 66 high-precision antennas, and operates at wavelengths of 8.6 to 0.32 millimeters (31 to 1000 GHz).
The participating East Asian countries are contributing 16 antennas (four 12-meter diameter and twelve 7-meter diameter antennas) in the form of the Atacama Compact Array (ACA), which is part of the enhanced ALMA.
By using smaller antennas than the main ALMA array, larger fields of view can be imaged at a given frequency using ACA.
ALMA has its conceptual roots in three astronomical projects — the Millimeter Array (MMA) of the United States, the Large Southern Array (LSA) of Europe, and the Large Millimeter Array (LMA) of Japan.
The first step toward the creation of what would become ALMA came in 1997, when the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO) agreed to pursue a common project that merged the MMA and LSA.
ESO and NRAO worked together in technical, science, and management groups to define and organize a joint project between the two observatories with participation by Canada and Spain (the latter became a member of ESO later).
Following mutual discussions over several years, the ALMA Project received a proposal from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) whereby Japan would provide the ACA (Atacama Compact Array) and three additional receiver bands for the large array, to form Enhanced ALMA.
Further discussions between ALMA and NAOJ led to the signing of a high-level agreement on 14 September 2004 that makes Japan an official participant in Enhanced ALMA, to be known as the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.
During an early stage of the planning of ALMA, it was decided to employ ALMA antennas designed and constructed by known companies in North America, Europe, and Japan, rather than using one single design.
Although very different approaches have been chosen by the providers, each of the antenna designs appears to be able to meet ALMA's stringent requirements.
The components designed and manufactured across Europe were transported by specialist aerospace and astrospace logistics company Route To Space Alliance, 26 in total which were delivered to Antwerp for onward shipment to Chile.
ALMA was initially a 50-50 collaboration between the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and European Southern Observatory (ESO) and later extended with the help of the other Japanese, Taiwanese, and Chilean partners.
General Dynamics C4 Systems and its SATCOM Technologies division was contracted by Associated Universities, Inc. to provide twenty-five of the 12 m antennas, while European manufacturer Thales Alenia Space provided the other twenty-five principal antennas (in the largest-ever European industrial contract in ground-based astronomy).
The vehicles were made by in Germany and are 10 m wide, 20 m long and 6 m high, weighing 130 tonnes.
The transporters, which feature a driver's seat designed to accommodate an oxygen tank to aid breathing the thin high-altitude air, place the antennas precisely on the pads.
On 7 July 2008, an ALMA transporter moved an antenna for the first time, from inside the antenna assembly building (Site Erection Facility) to a pad outside the building for testing (holographic surface measurements).
At the end of 2009, a team of ALMA astronomers and engineers successfully linked three antennas at the elevation observing site thus finishing the first stage of assembly and integration of the fledgling array.
Linking three antennas allows corrections of errors that can arise when only two antennas are used, thus paving the way for precise, high-resolution imaging.
On 28 July 2011, the first European antenna for ALMA arrived at the Chajnantor plateau, 5,000 meters above sea level, to join 15 antennas already in place from the other international partners.
This was the number of antennas specified for ALMA to begin its first science observations, and was therefore an important milestone for the project.
By the summer of 2011, sufficient telescopes were operational during the extensive program of testing prior to the Early Science phase for the first images to be captured.
These early images give a first glimpse of the potential of the new array that will produce much better quality images in the future as the scale of the array continues to increase.
Although ALMA did not observe the entire galaxy merger, the result is the best submillimeter-wavelength image ever made of the Antennae Galaxies, showing the clouds of dense cold gas from which new stars form, which cannot be seen using visible light.
On 11 August 2014, astronomers released studies, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) for the first time, that detailed the distribution of HCN, HNC, HCO, and dust inside the comae of comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON).
An image of the protoplanetary disk surrounding HL Tauri (a very young T Tauri star in the constellation Taurus) was made public in 2014, showing a series of concentric bright rings separated by gaps, indicating protoplanet formation.
, most theories did not expect planetary formation in such a young (100,000-1,000,000-year-old) system, so the new data spurred renewed theories of protoplanetary development.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile.
ALMA is funded in Europe by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), in North America by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) and in East Asia by the National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan (NINS) in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan.
ALMA construction and operations are led on behalf of Europe by ESO, on behalf of North America by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), which is managed by Associated Universities, Inc (AUI) and on behalf of East Asia by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
The ALMA regional centre (ARC) has been designed as an interface between user communities of the major contributors of the ALMA project and the JAO.
The European ARC (led by ESO) has been further subdivided into ARC-nodes located across Europe in Bonn-Bochum-Cologne, Bologna, Ondřejov, Onsala, IRAM (Grenoble), Leiden and JBCA (Manchester).
The core purpose of the ARC is to assist the user community with the preparation of observing proposals, ensure observing programs meet their scientific goals efficiently, run a help-desk for submitting proposals and observing programs, delivering the data to principal investigators, maintenance of the ALMA data archive, assistance with the calibration of data and providing user feedback.
The Atacama Compact Array, ACA, is a subset of 16 closely separated antennas that will greatly improve ALMA's ability to study celestial objects with a large angular size, such as molecular clouds and nearby galaxies.
In 2013, the Atacama Compact Array was named the Morita Array after Professor Koh-ichiro Morita, a member of the Japanese ALMA team and designer of the ACA, who died on 7 May 2012 in Santiago.
Jan Marek Marci FRS, (June 13, 1595, (, ), Royal Bohemia, Bohemian Crownland, AustriaApril 10, 1667, Prague, R.Bohemia, Bohemian Crownland, Austria), or Johannes () Marcus Marci, was a Bohemian doctor and scientist, rector of the University of Prague, and official physician to the Holy Roman Emperors.
He studied under Athanasius Kircher, and spent most of his career as a professor of Charles University in Prague, where he served eight times as Dean of the medical school and once as Rector in 1662.
He was also the personal doctor of Emperors Ferdinand III and Leopold I, and distinguished himself in the defense of Prague against the Swedish armies in 1648.
Prior to Marci, the prevailing theory of color assumed that light was modified by the action of a medium to produce color.
Although he thought that different colors were caused by varying angles of incidence across the 1/2 degree apparent diameter of the sun, he stated that each color was condensed or disentangled from the others after refraction into homogeneous or elementary colors of red, green, blue and purple, and that no further change in color was obtained by additional refraction of elementary colors.
Marci at some time came into possession of the Voynich Manuscript, apparently upon the death of its former owner, the alchemist Georg Baresch.
He sent the book to his longtime friend Athanasius Kircher, with a cover letter dated 19 August 1666, or possibly 1665.
What began as a junior college supported by local taxes developed into a major university as Southeastern has grown to meet the evolving needs of southeast Louisiana and the Florida parishes.
Operated under the auspices of the Tangipahoa Parish School Board, Sims opened the doors on September 13, 1925, with a faculty of three women and two men and 40 students.
In 1928, Hammond Junior College became Southeastern Louisiana College, formally adopted into the state educational system under the control of the State Board of Education.
In 1937, the State Board of Education authorized curricula for four-year programs in liberal arts, teacher education, business administration, music, social sciences, and physical education.
Voter approval of Act 388 in 1938, an amendment to the 1920 Louisiana Constitution, granted Southeastern Louisiana College the same legal status as other four-year colleges.
The amendment did not, however, require the state to fund Southeastern at the level of other institutions of higher education, despite strong local support.
On January 18, 1946, the State Board made available funds to purchase seven city blocks east and west of the campus, and of land north and northwest of the campus, increasing Southeastern's total area to approximately .
On March 3, 1946, Southeastern was formally approved and accepted into full membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), as a four-year degree-granting institution.
After World War II, returning G.I.s caused exponential growth of the college, necessitating construction of classrooms, a student union, a cafeteria, a health center, dormitories, apartments for married students, and many surplus temporary buildings donated by the federal government.
In 1948, the U.S. Navy contributed two steel barracks for use as dormitories including McNeely Hall (which was demolished in 2007).
The War Memorial Student Union, constructed in the mid-1960s, is the only student union building in the United States dedicated to alumni who died in World War II.
Governor John McKeithen on June 16, 1970, signed into law the legislative act turning Southeastern Louisiana College into Southeastern Louisiana University.
An 8000-seat (more if the floor level is used) arena, the University Center hosts all home basketball games and a variety of civic, cultural, and big-name entertainment events.
Since then, Fanfare has become an acclaimed month-long event, drawing nationally and internationally recognized artists and providing recognition for those closer to home.
In addition to providing entertainment for Lake Pontchartrain's Northshore Area, Fanfare has an educational-outreach program that works closely with local schools.
Southeastern's enrollment, continually increasing since its inception, reached an important milestone in 1997, registering over 15 thousand students for the fall semester.
Pervasive professional accreditations, such as accreditation of the College of Business by AACSB, and excellent egress from/to I-55 and I-12 figure significantly in the increase.
As Southeastern celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2000, the fall semester marked an exciting change as Southeastern implemented screened admissions standards for the first time.
Also during the 2000–2001 academic year, the Village, Fayard Hall, and the Claude B. Pennington, Jr., Student Activity Center were completed.
In May 2001, Southeastern received full approval from the Board of Regents for its first new graduate degree program in more than a decade, an MS in Integrated Science and Technology.
Since then, Southeastern received approval for seven additional programs: MA in Organizational Communications, MS in Applied Sociology, BS in Athletic Training, BS in Health Education & Promotion, BS in Health Studies, BS in Occupational Health, Safety & Environment, and Master of Arts in Teaching.
In the fall of 2004, Southeastern began implementing portions of the Board of Regents Master Plan admissions criteria, a full year ahead of schedule and before any other schools in the state.
In the same semester Southeastern, which was virtually undamaged by Hurricane Katrina, absorbed some two thousand students whom the storm had displaced from institutions in New Orleans.
North of the War Memorial Student Union is a large fountain constructed and dedicated in 2007 to the victims of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita; it is the only such memorial fountain in existence.
Another Southeastern alumnus was the late State Representative Donald Ray Kennard, who began representing parts of East Baton Rouge and Livingston parishes starting in 1976.
Southeastern offers has its University Center for commencement exercises of high schools throughout the Northshore Region and actively encouraging area high school students to continue on to the university level.
First opened in 1928, the Columbia was acquired by the university in the 1990s and renovated in the amount of $5.6 million.
The large foyer is dedicated to the late State Senator John Hainkel, who was instrumental in obtaining the funding for the renovation.
Southeastern Louisiana University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) to award degrees at the Associate, Baccalaureate and Master's levels.
Southeastern's state-of-the-art library houses several important collections, including the Morrison Room, the Rayburn Collection, the Pineywoods People Exhibits, and the Center for Regional Studies.
In the aftermath of Tulane University's post-Katrina decision to close several engineering programs including computer engineering, Southeastern received approval from the Louisiana Board of Regents to develop an undergraduate curriculum in engineering technology within the Department of Computer Science & Industrial Technology.
Southeastern's KSLU-FM radio station began operation on November 11, 1974, as a radio club at the university, operating at 10 watts of power.
Initially the station was on the air a few hours a day during the week; the transmitter was turned off during weekends and holidays.
Thanks to support from the Student Government Association and self-assessed fees of the student body, in 1983 the station qualified for membership in the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Since that time the station has grown to 3,000 watts, the maximum allowed because of the crowded 88–92 MHz band and the university's proximity to Baton Rouge and New Orleans.
In 1993, an emergency-situation room was added using amateur radio equipment purchased with grants from State Farm Insurance and Louisiana Power & Light (a subsidiary of Entergy).
During critical times, this room is staffed by local ham operators, members of the Amateur Radio Emergency Service in the Florida Parishes area.
In the past, the station produced several political forums which were fed to all public radio stations in Louisiana and to commercial stations via the Louisiana News Network.
The year 1996 brought another phase as KSLU began broadcasting globally via the internet, enabling families of international and out-of-state students to hear live university events.
Alumni of the public-access TV channel include Randi Rousseau, Christopher Guagliardo, Chris Lecoq, Matt Milton, Nick Brilleaux, Robbie Rhodes, Travis Connelley, Tim Tregle, Tim Tully, John Reis, Allen Waddell, Whitney Magee, and Chris Coleman.
It appears to be derived from a belief that the dried plants repelled fleas or that the plants were poisonous to fleas.
During World War II the German theologian and martyr Dietrich Bonhoeffer expressed the concept in similar terms in letters he wrote while in a Nazi prison.
Coulson was a mathematics professor at Oxford University as well as a Methodist church leader, often appearing in the religious programs of British Broadcasting Corporation.
Bube also maintained that the God-of-the-gaps was not the same as the God of the Bible (that is, he was not making an argument against God per se, but rather asserting there was a fundamental problem with the perception of God as existing in the gaps of present-day knowledge).
It is erroneous if it is taken to mean that God is not immanent in natural law but is only to be observed in mysteries unexplained by law.
It is true, however, if it be taken to emphasize that God is not only immanent in natural law but also is active in the numerous phenomena associated with the supernatural and the spiritual.
God-of-the-gaps arguments have been discouraged by some theologians who assert that such arguments tend to relegate God to the leftovers of science: as scientific knowledge increases, the dominion of God decreases.
It has also been argued that the God-of-the-gaps view is predicated on the assumption that any event which can be explained by science automatically excludes God; that if God did not do something via direct action, that he had no role in it at all.
It is theologically more satisfactory to look for evidence of God's actions within natural processes rather than apart from them, in much the same way that the meaning of a book transcends, but is not independent of, the paper and ink of which it is comprised.
Both many theologians and scientists believe that it is a logical fallacy to base belief in God on gaps in scientific knowledge.
Other scientists holding religious beliefs, such as Francis Collins, reject a God-of-the-gaps while embracing the idea of a God who fine tuned the universe precisely so human life could exist.
The Hawaii State Legislature—composed of the twenty-five member Hawaii State Senate led by the President of the Senate and the fifty-one member Hawaii State House of Representatives led by the Speaker of the House—convenes in the building.
Its principal tenants are the Governor of Hawaii and Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii, as well as all legislative offices and the Legislative Reference Bureau.
Burns designed the restoration of the royal palace built by King David Kalākaua and Queen Kapiolani; as part of that effort, the Queen Liliuokalani Statue in the Capitol Mall between the capitol building and Iolani Palace was dedicated on April 10, 1982.
The Beretania Street entrance features the Liberty Bell, a gift of the President of the United States and the United States Congress to the Territory of Hawaii in 1950 as a symbol of freedom and democracy.
One of the more prominent monuments on the statehouse grounds is the Father Damien Statue—a tribute to the Roman Catholic priest who died in 1869 after sixteen years of serving patients afflicted with leprosy.
Father Damien was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1995, and canonized on October 11, 2009, by Pope Benedict XVI.
The Eternal Flame on Beretania Street is a metal sculptured torch that burns endlessly as a tribute to all men and women from Hawaii who served with the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marines, and Navy in the major and minor conflicts in which the United States was engaged.
Dedicated on July 24, 1994 by Benjamin J. Cayetano, fifth Governor of Hawaii, the monument consists of 768 black marble pedestals engraved with the names of and 312 service members of the Vietnam War.
It was designed by a partnership between the firms of Belt, Lemon and Lo (Architects Hawaii Ltd.), and John Carl Warnecke and Associates.
Unlike other state capitols modeled after the United States Capitol, the Hawaii State Capitol's distinct architectural features symbolize various natural aspects of Hawaii.
From the time the Capitol was completed in 1969, the reflecting pool has had a persistent algae growth problem, due partly to the fact the pool is fed with brackish water from on-site wells.
Attempts by the state to fix the problem included introducing tilapia fish into the pool and installing an ozone treatment system.
Some Capitol regulars say the algae growth has come to represent the pollution of the Pacific Ocean, in an ironic twist of the original symbolic meaning of the pool.
This page lists all dukedoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
Two weeks after the Prince's death the dukedom was recreated for his 9-year-old son Richard of Bordeaux, who would eventually succeed his grandfather as Richard II.
The second dukedom was originally given to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, but upon his death was re-created for the 3rd son of Edward III, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster.
On that same day Edward III also created a dukedom for his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.
When Richard II reached majority, he created dukedoms for his last two uncles on the same day: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester.
By the end of the Middle Ages, traditionally marked by the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485, a total of 31 dukedoms (with 16 distinct titles) had been created; yet only those of Cornwall, Lancaster and Suffolk remained.
Elizabeth did not create any dukes, and she beheaded Thomas Howard at the age of 36 for plotting to wed Mary, Queen of Scots and overthrow her.
By 1572, this class of peerage was extinct, and there were no dukes in the last 30 years of her reign.
The extant dukedoms in the Peerage of England were all created (or restored, in the cases of Norfolk and Somerset) in the Stuart period, beginning with James I's re-creation of the dukedom of Buckingham in 1623 for George Villiers.
With the possible exception of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster (which come with great territories attached), all ducal titles in England have been created and held by royal patent or charter, and not by tenure.
As a result, the rules of succession to a ducal title are usually explicitly laid out in the patent, and are not necessarily consistent, nor do they coincide with common inheritance laws on property.
For instance, an heir does not usually inherit the ducal title by virtue of being the heir of the last holder, but by virtue of descent from the first person to whom the title was given, so a full-blood daughter of a duke may be superseded by a half-blood male relative who can prove direct descent from the first holder.
A character structure is a system of secondary traits that are manifested in the specific ways that an individual relates and reacts to others, to various kinds of stimuli, and to the environment.
A child whose nurture and/or education cause them to have conflict between legitimate feelings, living in an illogical environment and interacting with adults who do not take the long-term interests of the child to heart will be more likely to form these secondary traits.
Although this may serve the child well while in that dysfunctional environment, it may also cause the child to react in inappropriate ways, by developing alternate ways in which the energy compulsively surfaces, ways damaging to his or her own interests, when interacting with people in a completely independent environment.
However, character may also develop in a positive way according to how the individual meets the psychosocial challenges of the life cycle (Erikson).
Fromm notes that character structures develop in each individual to enable him or her to interact successfully within a given society and adapt to its mode of production and social norms (see social character), and may be very counter-productive when used in a different society.
It is Reich who really developed the concept from Ferenczi, and added to it an exploration of character structure as it applies to body structure and development as well as mental life.
The blocks result from trauma: the child learns to limit their awareness of strong feelings as their needs are thwarted by parents who meet cries for fulfillment with neglect or punishment.
The Pertuis d'Antioche owes its name to the similarity of the contour of its coastline to that of the Mediterranean sea's north-eastern area between Cyprus, Syria and Turkey, which has the famous ancient city of Antioch at its centre.
After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon tried to flee to the United States of America from the Pertuis d'Antioche, but eventually surrendered to the English navy, which was blockading the area; he was later sent into exile on the island of Saint Helena.
Even after the Allied invasion of France, La Rochelle remained a pocket of German resistance that surrendered only at the end of the war.
The Pertuis d'Antioche is bordered by a limestone coast dating back to the Cretaceous, at which time it was deep under water.
Although at the same latitude as Montreal in Canada and the Kuril islands in Russia, the area is quite warm throughout the year, due to the influence of the Gulf Stream waters, and the number of sunny days per year, which is remarkably high, on a par with the French Riviera on the Mediterranean coast of France.
With its warm, protected waters, the Pertuis d'Antioche has become one of the most active tourist and pleasure-boat centres in Europe, with the La Rochelle marina complex at its centre.
Charles James Fox Bennett (11 June 1793 in Shaftesbury, England – 5 December 1883) was a merchant and politician who successfully fought attempts to take Newfoundland into Canadian confederation.
Bennett was a successful businessman and one of the island's richest residents with interests in the fisheries, distillery and brewery industry and shipbuilding.
Bennett became involved in politics in the 1840s as a leader of the island's Anglican community and an opponent of responsible government, an argument he lost when an alliance of Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants persuaded the Colonial Office to grant Newfoundland self-government.
Bennett's party defeated Carter's Conservatives on the Confederation issue in the 1869 elections, allowing Bennett to form a government in 1870.
However, as Premier he was unable to keep his party united, and in 1874 resigned, allowing Carter to return to power.
Other institutions of higher education which do not have the authority to confer their degrees are listed in a separate article.
There might be some duplication in both lists as some institutions provide both bodies regulate accredited training and education in multiple sectors.
In the case of institutions without official translations of their names in English or common used name by the local media, the translation provided by the Association of Commonwealth Universities is used, barring which the most common usage is provided.
Apart from the University of Malaya and the MARA University of Technology which were established by two separate enabling Acts of Parliament, the other public universities in Malaysia were created by executive order as per the provisions of the [http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/EN/Act%2030%20-%20Universities%20and%20University%20Colleges%20Act%201971.pdf Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 <nowiki>[Act 30]</nowiki> (online version as at 1 August 2012)].
The establishment of private universities and university colleges were made possible with the passage of the [http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/EN/Act%20555%20-%20Private%20Higher%20Educational%20Institutions%20Act%201996%20(As%20at%201%20December%202015).pdf Private Higher Educational Institutions Act 1996 <nowiki>[Act 555]</nowiki> (Online version as at 1 December 2015)].
Columbia Lane – the Last Sessions is an album released by Australian country music singer Slim Dusty, who was recording the album when he died on 19 September 2003.
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West is a 1970 book by American writer Dee Brown that covers the history of Native Americans in the American West in the late nineteenth century.
The book expresses details of the history of American expansionism from a point of view that is critical of its effects on the Native Americans.
The government's dealings are portrayed as a continuing effort to destroy the culture, religion, and way of life of Native American peoples.
Having grown up in Arkansas, he developed a keen interest in the American West, and during his graduate education at George Washington University and his career as a librarian for both the US Department of Agriculture and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, he wrote numerous books on the subject.
Brown's works maintained a focus on the American West, but ranged anywhere from western fiction to histories to even children's books.
Published at a time of increasing American Indian activism, the book has never gone out of print and has been translated into 17 languages.
Although Benet's poem is not about the plight of Native Americans, Wounded Knee was the location of the last major confrontation between the US Army and Native Americans.
It is also the vicinity of where Crazy Horse's parents buried his heart and some of his bones after his murder in 1877.
In the first chapter, Brown presents a brief history of the discovery and settlement of America, from 1492 to the Indian turmoil that began in 1860.
He stresses the initially gentle and peaceable behavior of Indians toward Europeans, especially given their apparent lack of resistance to early colonial efforts at Europeanization.
In each of the following chapters, Brown provides an in-depth description of a significant post-1860 event in American Western expansion or Native American eradication, focusing in turn on the specific tribe or tribes involved in the event.
In his narrative, Brown primarily discusses such tribes as the Navajo Nation, Santee Dakota, Hunkpapa Lakota, Oglala Lakota, Cheyenne, and Apache people.
He touches more lightly upon the subjects of the Arapaho, Modoc, Kiowa, Comanche, Nez Perce, Ponca, Ute, and Minneconjou Lakota tribes.
Brown discusses the plights of Manuelito and the Navajo people in New Mexico, who make treaties and other efforts to maintain peace with Euro-Americans despite their encroachment upon Navajo land, stealing livestock and burning entire villages as punishment for perceived misbehavior.
The second, third and fourth generation European immigrants occupy land in Navajo country not only to build their own forts, the first of which was Fort Defiance, but also claim rights to the surrounding prized Navajo lands as pasture for their livestock.
Various disputes occur between the Navajo and the Euro-Americans, culminating in a horse race between Manuelito and a US Army lieutenant who wins as a result of dishonesty and trickery.
The US Army General James Carleton orders the Navajos to relocate to a reservation at Bosque Redondo, where the Apaches had recently been moved, but is met with resistance.
Employing a scorched-earth campaign, Kit Carson and Carleton force a large majority of resistant Navajos and Apaches to surrender and flee to the reservation.
Following a poor harvest and lack of promised support from the US government in the early 1860s, members of the tribe became angry at white people.
After the murder of several white men and women by young Dakota, the frustrated Santee tribe, led by Chief Little Crow, attacked Fort Ridgely and a nearby town.
When the Santees refuse to surrender their white hostages to Colonel Sibley, they are forced into battle again at Yellow Medicine River.
Santee chiefs, including Chief Little Crow, were killed during the following six months, and the remaining Santees are removed to a Missouri River and Crow Creek reservation.
This and other skirmishes result in heated conflict between the US Army and the Oglala Lakotas led by Chiefs Red Cloud and Roman Nose, forcing the US Army to retreat for the winter.
The high death toll among US troops fostered great confidence in the Native Americans who began a journey to the Black Hills.
By the US Army's request, the Sioux chiefs and approximately 2000 other warriors arrived at Fort Laramie in May 1866 for treaty talks.
As construction progresses, the Sioux plan an attack on the white men and harass white traffic through the Powder River country.
Red Cloud unknowingly leads approximately 3,000 Lakota into an ambush, later called the Fetterman Massacre, at Peno Creek where 81 white men and 200 Lakotas are killed.
Conflict continues between the US Army and the Lakota for years despite peace commissioners being sent to Powder River to address differences.
In 1869 Red Cloud is invited to Washington D.C. to speak with Donehogawa, a member of the Iroquois tribe who is serving as the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in the US government.
Chief Red Cloud and his tribe members express their discontent with the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie which defined their reservation land as bordered by the Missouri River rather than the Powder River.
In 1874, when rumors of gold in the Black Hills were delivered by Custer and his men to the white settlers on the plains, miners and panhandlers flooded the Black Hills, angering the Lakota and Dakota living there.
A peace council in 1875 tried to arrange for the US government to either purchase the mineral rights or outright ownership of the Black Hills, but both proposals were rejected by the Sioux.
In 1876, a series of battles occur between the Sioux and US troops which initially ends when the Sioux defeat General Custer and his troops at the Battle of Little Bighorn on June 25.
The humiliated US Army sends a peace council to sign a treaty that forces the Sioux out of the Black Hills to the Missouri River.
Following the removal of the Lakota from the Black Hills to the Missouri River Reservation, Sitting Bull, in exile in Canada and participating in unsuccessful peace talks, returns to American soil and surrenders at Fort Buford.
Sitting Bull is later arrested in an attempt by US authorities to suppress Sitting Bull's endorsement of the Ghost Dance which they considered a religious disturbance.
Deciding against further resistance, the tribes join Red Cloud at Pine Ridge where they encounter Major Whitside in late December 1890.
The tribes are subsequently directed to Wounded Knee, where a member of the Minneconjou tribe called Black Coyote refuses to surrender his rifle.
The Lakota that survived the assault fled to Pine Ridge, and returned to Wounded Knee the next day only to bury their families and comrades.
The 1858 Pikes Peak gold rush in Colorado creates a swarm of white settlers onto Cheyenne and Arapaho lands and instigates treaty talks that result in removal of Cheyenne and Arapaho territory to any area between Sand Creek and the Arkansas River.
In early 1866, the Southern Cheyenne Dog Soldiers are asked to sign the treaty that would relocate them to the south with Black Kettle and his tribe.
In the following year a peace council is held between the General Hancock's army and the Cheyenne which ends when Hancock's army burns the Cheyenne camp to force their cooperation.
After a series of retaliatory assaults, a treaty is signed by the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, and Comanche tribes which relocates them to the reservation south of Arkansas River.
After the surrender and removal, the Northern Cheyenne tribe led by Little Wolf and Dull Knife are unable to sustain themselves on the poor land at Fort Reno, and they form a hunting party to hunt buffalo north of their reservation.
Their hunt was unsuccessful, and the tribe continues to suffer severe losses due to health problems from malnutrition and a measles epidemic.
Chiefs Little Wolf and Dull Knife decide to move north but this leads to more violent encounters with the US Army.
Dull Knife and his tribe try to join Red Cloud, and they defy orders to return to their southern, buffalo-depleted reservation.
The friendly relations between the Apaches and Euro-Americans, that were once signified by the Apaches allowing white travelers to pass through their land unmolested, began to diminish when Apache Chief Cochise was imprisoned for allegedly stealing cattle and kidnapping a white boy from a settler's farm.
When Cochise escaped, he and his warriors killed three white men, and the army responded by hanging male members of Cochise's family.
In 1865, after Cochise refuses a treaty designed to relocate his Chiricahua tribe to a reservation, the Apaches successfully avoid contact with white men for a number of years.
But in 1871, a group of settlers, Mexicans, and warriors from competing tribes massacre an Apache village, and Cochise and his followers retreat into the mountains.
Negotiations with Geronimo and the guerillas continue over the next few years as alleged stories of the guerillas’ brutalities and atrocities circulate.
In 1886, Geronimo flees once again before being incarcerated and transported to a reservation in Florida with the remaining Chiricahua Apaches.
As larger numbers of settlers trespass onto Modoc land and small disputes arise between the Modocs and white settlers, the US government coerces a treaty, over Captain Jack's reluctance, that will relocate the Modocs to a reservation in Oregon and shared with the Klamaths.
Their return is halted by a skirmish between the tribe and an army battalion in 1872, and the Modocs divert to the California lava beds.
Another group of Modocs, led by Hooker Jim, murdered 12 white settlers and forced Captain Jack to lead his tribe into a battle against the US Army.
A peace commission led by General Canby, conducts peace talks with Captain Jack who eventually, under pressure from Hooker Jim's Modocs, agrees to kill Canby should the original Modoc land not be returned to the tribe.
After the Battle of Washita in 1868, General Sheridan ordered all tribes involved to surrender at Fort Cobb; the Kiowa tribe refused.
The Kiowas and Comanches, led by Satanta and Big Tree, decide to attack the white men, and they kill 7 teamsters.
Lone Wolf, another Kiowa Chief, arranges for the release of White Bear and Big Tree so they can attend the peace talks at Fort Sill.
In early 1874, while on parole, White Bear and Big Tree lead the Kiowa and Comanche tribes on an attack against white settlers in order to preserve the buffalo.
Despite maintaining peaceful relations with whites, the Nez Perces are forced to sign a treaty in 1863 which removes them to a small reservation in Idaho.
Being highly offended by the treaty terms, and the sudden influx of gold miners and cattle farmers onto Nez Perce land, the tribe refused to move to the Lapwai Reservation, choosing instead to fight the US Army at White Bird Canyon in June 1877.
After winning that battle, the tribe fled to Montana, trying to join Sitting Bull in Canada, but then they lost the battle at the Bear Paw Mountains in August and were forced to surrender.
Some members of the tribe managed to find refuge in Canada, but those that surrendered were split between the Lapwai reservation and the Colville reservation in Washington.
Despite having previously signed treaties guaranteeing their ownership of the land on the Niobrara River, the Ponca land was taken from via a subsequent US treaty and given to the Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota tribes just before they were added to a list of tribes to be exiled to Indian Territory following Custer's defeat.
Standing Bear returned to the Niobrara and takes his case to a white man's court in 1879 arguing that he is a person protected by the US Constitution.
Standing Bear won his case but is informed by General Sherman that the case is specific to him and does not maintain validity for the other Poncas, who were forced to remain in Indian Territory.
He signed another treaty in 1868 that allotted 16 million acres of forests and meadows in the Rockies as a personal reservation that prohibited white trespass.
In 1881, as a result of outrage over the White River Massacre, the Utes were removed to a marginal reservation in Utah.
AIM moved to promote modern Native American issues and to unite America's dividing Native American population, similar to the Civil Rights and Environmental Movements that gained support at that time.
In 1969, AIM occupied Alcatraz Island for 19 months in hopes of reclaiming Native American land after the San Francisco Indian Center burned down.
In 1973, less than three years after the book's release, AIM and local Oglala and neighboring Sicangu Lakota took part in a 71-day occupation at Wounded Knee in protest of the government of Richard Wilson, the chairman of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, which resulted in the death of two Indians and injury of the US Marshal.
The resulting 1974 trial ended in the dismissal of all charges due to the uncovering of various incidents of government misconduct.
The actions of the United States Army in Vietnam were frequently criticized in the media and critics of Brown's narrative often drew comparisons between its contents and what was seen in the media.
The primary comparison made was the similarity between the massacre and atrocities against Native Americans in the late nineteenth century as portrayed by Dee Brown's book and the 1968 massacre of hundreds of civilians in Southern Vietnam at My Lai for which twenty-five US Army members were indicted.
But the details of how the West was won are not really part of the American consciousness ... Dee Brown, Western historian and head librarian at the University of Illinois, now attempts to balance the account.
The Pulitzer-Prize winning Native American author N. Scott Momaday noted the book contains strong documentation of original sources, such as council records and firsthand descriptions.
Other critics could not believe that the book was not written by a Native American and that Dee Brown was a white man, as the book's Native perspective felt so real.
Remaining on bestseller lists for over a year following its release in hardback, the book remains in print 40 years later.
The film stars Adam Beach, Aidan Quinn, Anna Paquin, and August Schellenberg with a cameo appearance by late actor and former US Senator Fred Thompson as President Grant.
It debuted on the HBO television network Sunday, May 27, 2007 and covers roughly the last two chapters of Brown's book, focusing on the narrative of the Lakota tribes leading up to the death of Sitting Bull and the Massacre at Wounded Knee.
The film received 17 Primetime Emmy nominations and went on to win six awards, including the category of Outstanding Made For Television Movie.
The book includes copious photographs, illustrations, and maps in support of the narrative and to appeal to its middle school demographic.
The University of Southern Queensland (USQ) is a medium-sized, regional university based in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, with three university campuses at Toowoomba, Springfield and Ipswich.
In 1971, it became the Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education, then the University College of Southern Queensland in 1990 and finally the University of Southern Queensland in 1992.
It operates three research institutes and seven research centres which focus on a wide range of business, agricultural, scientific, environmental, and technological issues.
The University is recognised for having the largest Japanese-designed garden in Australia, Australia's largest solar integrated carpark, and a library with rainforest and water features.
In 2017, the University won the international Green Gown award for its approach to sustainability focusing on renewable energy, waste reduction, water retention, and integration of sustainability into strategic planning.
In 2012, the University's archaeologists discovered the oldest Australian rock art of 28,000 years old in the Northern Territory, and in 2018, the University's astronomers discovered a new planet that orbits an ancient star almost 2 billion years older than the sun.
The University is recognised for its efforts in preventing violence against women and cited as employer of choice for gender equality by the Federal Government's Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA).
After driving to the Parliament House and asking to meet with Prime Minister Robert Menzies, she was challenged by him to raise £30,000 before he would discuss the issue.
The Network's research in 2013 showed that USQ generated $411.7 million into the economy of Queensland every year as well as household income of $255.4 million and 3,313 jobs in the communities of Toowoomba, Fraser Coast, and Springfield.
Along with Toowoomba's investments in data centers, landscaped and business parks, air and land infrastructures, USQ has been contributing an important part in making the region a centre of agribusiness, sustainable development, and trade.
USQ ensures that, as a regional university, its curriculum serves local and regional employment needs, it engages in regional social and economic development, and serves the regional community.
In stage two of the Sustainable Energy Solution project commenced in September 2017, 1198 solar panels were installed on building rooftops across USQ campuses in Springfield and Ipswich, generating 586,949 kilowatt hours and reducing thousands of tonnes of carbon emissions each year.
Close to Toowoomba Wellcamp Airport and approximately a two-hour drive from Brisbane, USQ Toowoomba is one of Australia's most well-equipped campuses.
The campus offers degrees in sciences, creative arts and media, business and commerce, engineering and built environment, education, health and community, information technology, humanities and communication, law and justice, English language programs, and pathway programs.
There is a theatre, science laboratories, Olympic standard basketball courts, a 24 hour-access gym with high-tech equipment, a tennis centre, an aerobics center, and netball courts at the Clive Berghofer Rec Center, social clubs, and other accommodation.
USQ's Springfield campus is located at Springfield, a suburb of approximately southwest of Brisbane CBD, 1 hour from the Gold Coast, and about 20 minutes from Ipswich CBD.
Serving as a hub for digital production and performance, the campus offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs and includes a radio station, science and engineering laboratories, a television studio with spaces for rehearsal, collaborative teaching rooms, a fitness and recreation centre, an auditorium, and on-campus accommodation.
The campus's flight simulator is helpful for aviation students to replicate both normal and abnormal scenarios of an entire flight with checks and procedures applied to airline pilots.
Phoenix Radio at USQ Springfield is an online community radio station that serves the Greater Ipswich region and also provides training for students enrolled in the Bachelor of Applied Media program.
The campus is home to USQ's health programs, which has laboratories for clinical nursing students, custom-built training facilities for paramedicine students, café, gym, and different sports fields.
The campus also includes a library with a rainforest and water features designed to increase air quality and provide an ideal learning environment.
USQ students, staff, and faculty members engage in a variety of extracurricular activities, such as taking part in the One Million Stars to End Violence project, organising symposiums to change people's attitude about children with autism, improving literacy for Indigenous children, and providing healthcare to disadvantaged communities in Thailand.
In 2017, the Association for Tertiary Education Management (ATEM) presented USQ Stars Campaign to End Violence with the Engagement Australia Award for Excellence in Community Engagement.
In 2015, the Enactus National Conference and Competition recognised three projects (Cash to Grow, Tertiary Texts, and Project Ignite) by eight USQ students (majoring in business, accounting, law, human services, psychology, and education) for creating positive impacts in local communities.
The members of USQ's Golden Key Chapter (an invitation-only honour society, including of top 15% students from universities worldwide based on their academic achievement) also engage in a wide range of activities to serve the community, including volunteering with local schools, youth clubs, and state emergency service.
The society organises yearly MOOT competition for law students and Secondary Schools MOOT competition for young high schoolers who want to study law to develop the skills they need in real-court setting.
With the supports of different legal groups, such as Queensland courts and law firms, including Turner Freeman lawyers and Toowoomba solicitors Wonderley and Hall, the MOOT tournaments have become a regular event at USQ, aiming at improving students' research skills, enabling them to bring legal theoretical frameworks into practice, and discovering young talents in law and legal practice.
The winners of USQ's MOOT competition will represent the region to take part in the Association National Championship Moot organised in Brisbane for Australian law students.
USQ's Law Society also organised event for law students to get career advice from professionals and learn to overcome challenges in the profession.
In the 2015 Northern Uni Games, USQ student-athletes won a gold medal in women's tennis, both gold and silver medals in lawn bowls, and bronze medals in both men's and women's basketball.
In 2016 Northern Uni Games, USQ student-athletes won two gold medals in women's hockey and women's tennis, and a silver medal in open lawn bowls.
In 2017 Northern Uni Games, USQ student-athletes won three gold medals in men's tennis, woman's tennis, and golf handicap, one silver medal in men's basketball, and another bronze medal in men's tennis.
USQ also prepares year 11 and 12 students with skills to improve the quality of life in local communities through Change Makers program.
The program provides young students with financial support, guidance, and other resources to develop their visions of a better future and bring these ideas into practice.
The program is an opportunity for students, especially disadvantaged students, to engage in teamwork, develop the skills of public speaking and project management.
According to the National Center for Student Equity in Higher Education, twenty projects have been completed by students through Change Makers programs, including building a garden in community school to feed homeless people, raising awareness of inequality through concerts, and managing other projects dealing with pollution in community environments.
The university also established the Bruce Dawe Poetry Prize (named after the university's first honorary professor for his contribution to the university) in 1999 to honour the most prominent poets in Australia.
In addition, USQ Artsworx, established as an art venue and production house, supports students, artists, and community art activities through its McGregor Summer School, McGregor bursary, exhibition sponsorships at Downland Art exhibition, Hampton Art exhibition, GraduArt exhibition (annual art exhibition by USQ's students), and art exhibition raising funds for breast cancer treatment at St. Vincent Hospital.
In 2015, Michael Kirby, Justice of the High Court of Australia, delivered the Magna Carta lecture to USQ graduates focusing on the importance of law and justice in safeguarding all humans against the exercise of arbitrary power.
The flexible work arrangements and the program of Women's Advancement reflect the university's commitment to gender equality and the role of women in the workplace.
Funded by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the Australian Centre for Sustainable Business and Development at USQ has conducted different international programs of approximately $1 million, such as Australian Awards Fellowship and AusAid Australian Leadership Awards Fellowship, aiming at fostering the role of women in business in accordance with Australian policies and practices.
It provides on-campus education that serves Darling Downs, Wide Bay, and Southern and Western Queensland as well as flexible learning programs through external learning or via off campus and overseas education partners in southern Africa, Fiji, South-east Asia, Sweden, Norway, and The Emirates.
USQ maintains accreditations for professional programs with professional and competent authorities, such as Australian Psychology Accreditation Council (APAC), Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council (ANMAC), Legal Practitioners Admissions Board and Chief Justice of Queensland, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), Association of International Accountants (AIA), CPA Australia, Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand (CAANZ), Australian Computer Society, and Australian Human Resources Institute (AHRI).
USQ has 14 fields of research rated at and above world average standards by Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) in 2015.
In the last audit, the ERA acknowledged USQ's pharmaceutical sciences, materials engineering, pharmacology, environmental science and management as well above world average standards.
Attested with Quality System Certification of Registration, USQ maintains high educational standards through a program of centralised, staff-driven decision-making, discipline-based management, and quality assurance practices.A 2002 audit found that it's quality assurance program could be more effective with improved systems of central monitoring and reviewing.
Beside providing a digital learning platform (partly funded with $50 million by the federal government) for all courses and disciplines, the university also provides students with face-to-face instructions and real-life experiences, including the opportunity for students in the Bachelor of Applied Media (BMA) program to do all parts of production and direction of Connected, a lifestyle show produced for 31 Digital.
The agreement between the West Wellcamp Airport and the Airline Academy of Australia includes that USQ provides undergraduate and post-graduate training for aviators in coordination with the Academy's programs.
Students in aviation program will receive professional pilot qualification issued by Australian Civil Aviation Authority after graduation and have the opportunities to take trial flights before commencing the program.
The university organised field trips for nursing students to provide healthcare in rural communities in Vietnam (funded through federal government's New Colombo program) and for researchers to raise awareness of root-lesion in India.
USQ's graduates are admitted to positions with regional organisations, such as school and hospital, and international organisations, such as John James Foundation, BHP Billiton, Ernst and Young, and ABC News.
The Good Universities Guide 2018 showed that USQ Engineering and Psychology received high scores in graduates' full-time employment, and USQ received best overall ratings in the measures of gradates's full-time employment (82.5% / national average of 69.5%), starting salary, and equity.
Professors and researchers at USQ gained important positions with regional and international organisations, such as Fulbright and Queensland's Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
USQ's students benefit from partnerships and exchange programs between the university and other universities and organisations, such as Australian National University, University of California Riverside, and NASA.
The university offers students a number of scholarships each year, such as School Partners Programs Scholarship and Vice-Chancellor's Principal's Recommendation Scholarship.
Visitor speakers and lecturers at USQ come from different professional backgrounds, including NASA astronaut Colonel Robert S. Kimbrough, Chief Justice of the High Court Susan Kiefel, News Director Mike Dalton from Nine News Regional Queensland, rugby player Steve Walter, and bestselling author Steve Maraboli.
The University of Southern Queensland has three research institutes and seven research centres which focus on issues such as agricultural technology, rural health, environmental management, biotechnology, education leadership, web based services, and fibre composite materials.
Based on competitive grants won and industry funded research collaborations, USQ has significant and core research strength in the broad area of agriculture and the environment.
This core research strength generated over $10 million in new grant and industry funding, announced by vice-chancellor Bill Lovegrove in 2008.
In 2017, the Queensland Drought Mitigation Centre (QDMC) was established as a result of collaboration between the university and the government.
In 2017, as a part of the mega $15m campus expansion, the university started upgrading the Agricultural Science and Engineering Precinct (ASEP) to facilitate agricultural and material engineering development, including constructing new microbiology laboratories, glasshouses, dehumidified storage, and controlled ecological environments, developing methods of soil pathogen resistance, and applying vision sensing and robotics trials.
In 2017, the university hosted Australia's first regional meeting with Australia-ASEAN Council (AAC) in Toowoomba Campus to discuss the issue of trade and agriculture in preparation for the Sydney ASEAN-Australia Special Summit in 2018.
The participants addressed the global demand for food, the current problems in the industry, and the development of new technologies in environmental science, engineering, and agribusiness.
In 2018, a new climate project of $8 million was established by the University, the Queensland government, and the MLA, bringing together world scientists to find better solutions for managing drought and predicting seasonal climates.
USQ researchers undertake different roles with international climate organisations, such as the President of the United Nations’ World Meteorological Organization (with the commission to design better services for global agribusiness and climate risk management) and ocean expeditor in the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (with the mission to examine how ocean currents affect the world's weather).
USQ also supports the usage of renewable energy by integrating 2MW solar power system with the carpark in Toowoomba campus to provide energy to the campus's activities, reducing the emission of carbon dioxide by 20 percent.
The University's Centre for Future Materials (CFM) has researched and applied the technique of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) in the project of Toowoomba City Hall renovation.
The University, in collaboration with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and international researchers, has developed a project in researching green cement without reliance on clay and limestone.
In 2017, the University, in collaboration with University of Sydney and University of New South Wales, received funding to build a telescope facility at Ken Observatory, Darling Downs, Queensland.
The new telescope facility has been supporting Australian astronomers to discover planet systems and perform an important role in NASA's TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) mission.
Based upon the results of the 2013 International student barometer survey, USQ was named the top university for international student satisfaction in Australia that year.
In 2015, the University had around 28,203 students of which approximately 84% were domestic students, 16% were international students, 15.8 was the number of students per staff, and 1.17 was the student ratio of females to males.
The Tibetan Plateau (), also known in China as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau or the Qing–Zang Plateau () or Himalayan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai in western China, as well as Ladakh and Lahaul & Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) in India.
It is sometimes termed the Third Pole given its ice fields contain the largest reserve of fresh water outside the polar regions.
The plateau is bordered to the south by the inner Himalayan range, to the north by the Kunlun Mountains, which separate it from the Tarim Basin, and to the northeast by the Qilian Mountains, which separate the plateau from the Hexi Corridor and Gobi Desert.
To the east and southeast the plateau gives way to the forested gorge and ridge geography of the mountainous headwaters of the Salween, Mekong, and Yangtze rivers in northwest Yunnan and western Sichuan (the Hengduan Mountains).
The Tibetan Plateau is bounded in the north by a broad escarpment where the altitude drops from around to over a horizontal distance of less than .
About halfway across the Tarim the bounding range becomes the Altyn-Tagh and the Kunluns, by convention, continue somewhat to the south.
North of the mountains runs the Gansu or Hexi Corridor which was the main silk-road route from China proper to the West.
The southern and eastern edges of the steppe have grasslands which can sustainably support populations of nomadic herdsmen, although frost occurs for six months of the year.
Proceeding to the north and northwest, the plateau becomes progressively higher, colder and drier, until reaching the remote Changtang region in the northwestern part of the plateau.
As a result of this extremely inhospitable environment, the Changthang region (together with the adjoining Kekexili region) is the least populous region in Asia, and the third least populous area in the world after Antarctica and northern Greenland.
The Himalayas belong to the Alpine Orogeny and are therefore are among the younger mountain ranges on the planet, consisting mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
Their formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
The collision began in the Upper Cretaceous period about 70 million years ago, when the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate, moving at about per year, collided with the Eurasian Plate.
About 50 million years ago, this fast moving Indo-Australian plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean, the existence of which has been determined by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges.
The Indo-Australian plate continues to be driven horizontally below the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to move upwards; the plateau is still rising at a rate of approximately per year.
Some argue that the Tibetan Plateau is an uplifted peneplain formed at low altitude, while others argue that the low relief stems from erosion and infill of topographic depressions that occurred at already high elevations.
The Tibetan Plateau hosts the Tibetan wolf, and species of snow leopard, wild yak, wild donkey, cranes, vultures, hawks, geese, snakes, and water buffalo.
Nomads on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas are the remainders of nomadic practices historically once widespread in Asia and Africa.
The presence of nomadic peoples on the plateau is predicated on their adaptation to survival on the world's grassland by raising livestock rather than crops, which are unsuitable to the terrain.
Archaeological evidence suggests that the colonization leading to the full-time occupation of the plateau occurred much later than the previously thought 30,000 years ago.
Since colonization of the Tibetan Plateau, Tibetan culture has adapted and flourished in the western, southern, and eastern regions of the plateau.
One of the most notable civilizations to have developed on the Tibetan Plateau is the Tibetan Empire from the 7th century to the 9th century AD.
Together, these factors mean that the heat capacity of the layer participating in the seasonal cycle is much larger over the oceans than over land, with the consequence that the land warms and cools faster than the ocean.
The pressure anomaly then causes a steady wind to blow toward the land, which brings the moist air over the ocean surface with it.
The rainfall is stimulated by a variety of mechanisms, such as low-level air being lifted upwards by mountains, surface heating, convergence at the surface, divergence aloft, or from storm-produced outflows near the surface.
The hot air over the ocean rises, creating a low-pressure area and a breeze from land to ocean while a large area of drying high pressure is formed over the land, increased by wintertime cooling.
Monsoons are similar to sea and land breezes, a term usually referring to the localized, diurnal cycle of circulation near coastlines everywhere, but they are much larger in scale, stronger and seasonal.
The seasonal monsoon wind shift and weather associated with the heating and cooling of the Tibetan plateau is the strongest such monsoon on Earth.
With a much lower latitude, the ice in Tibet reflected at least four times more radiation energy per unit area into space than ice at higher latitudes.
This lack of monsoon caused extensive rainfall over the Sahara, expansion of the Thar Desert, more dust deposited into the Arabian Sea, and a lowering of the biotic life zones on the Indian subcontinent.
In addition, the glaciers in Tibet created meltwater lakes in the Qaidam Basin, the Tarim Basin, and the Gobi Desert, despite the strong evaporation caused by the low latitude.
Silt and clay from the glaciers accumulated in these lakes; when the lakes dried at the end of the ice age, the silt and clay were blown by the downslope wind off the Plateau.
The McDonald Observatory is an astronomical observatory located near the unincorporated community of Fort Davis in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States.
The facility is located on Mount Locke in the Davis Mountains of West Texas, with additional facilities on Mount Fowlkes, approximately to the northeast.
The McDonald Observatory was originally endowed by the Texas banker William Johnson McDonald (1844–1926), who left about $1 million - the bulk of his fortune - to the University of Texas to endow an astronomical observatory.
The provision of the will was challenged by McDonald's relatives, but after a long legal fight, the University received about $800,000 from the estate and construction began at Mt.
The then-unnamed Otto Struve Telescope was dedicated on May 5, 1939, and at that time was the second largest telescope in the world.
McDonald Observatory was operated under contract by the University of Chicago until the 1960s, when control was transferred to the University of Texas at Austin under the direction of Harlan J. Smith.
Research today at the McDonald Observatory encompasses a wide variety of topics and projects, including planetary systems, stars and stellar spectroscopy, the interstellar medium, extragalactic astronomy, and theoretical astronomy.
The McDonald Observatory is equipped with a wide range of instrumentation for imaging and spectroscopy in the optical and infrared spectra, and operates the first lunar laser ranging station.
The high and dry peaks of the Davis Mountains make for some of the darkest and clearest night skies in the region and provide excellent conditions for astronomical research.
It is operated jointly by the University of Texas at Austin, Pennsylvania State University, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and Georg-August University of Göttingen.
As of 2019, after upgrades the HET is tied with the Keck Telescopes as the second or third largest telescope in the world.
It also hosts evening star parties, every Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday evening which allow visitors to look through numerous telescopes of various sizes in the Telescope Park, including the wheelchair accessible Wren Marcario Accessible Telescope (a Pfund Telescope), and enjoy an indoor program.
Special viewing nights, during which visitors can stay on-site (not required for the programs) and view directly through eyepieces on the 0.9 m, Struve (2.1m), or Smith (2.7m) telescopes, are held on a reservation-only basis.
Isuzu's primary market focus is on commercial diesel-powered truck, buses and construction, while their Japanese competitor Yanmar focuses on commercial-level powerplants and generators.
Isuzu Motors' history began in 1916, when Tokyo Ishikawajima Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd. planned a cooperation with the Tokyo Gas and Electric Industrial Co. to build automobiles.
The next step was taken in 1918, when a technical cooperation with Wolseley Motors Limited was initiated, yielding exclusive rights to the production and sales of Wolseley vehicles in East Asia.
In 1933, Ishikawajima Automotive Works merged with DAT Automobile Manufacturing Inc. (a predecessor of Nissan) and changed its name to Automobile Industries Co., Ltd.
Being a small producer making cars which were somewhat too large and pricey for the Japanese market at the time, Isuzu spent some time looking for a commercial partner.
Under pressure from MITI, who were attempting to limit the number of automobile manufacturers in Japan, a cooperation with Fuji Heavy Industries (Subaru) began in 1966.
The Subaru 1000 was even shown in Isuzu's 1967 annual vehicle brochure, as a suitable complement to the larger Isuzu lineup.
A few months later, in September 1971, what was to prove a more durable capital agreement was signed with General Motors.
The first result of GM taking a 34% stake in Isuzu was seen in 1972, when the Chevrolet LUV became the first Isuzu-built vehicle to be sold in the United States.
Isuzu exports also increased considerably as a result of being able to use GM networks, from 0.7% of production in 1973 to 35.2% by 1976; this while overall production increased more than fourfold in the same period.
As a result of the GM joint venture, Isuzu engines were also used by existing GM divisions (some USA-market Chevrolet automobiles had Isuzu powertrains e.g.
Isuzu's then president Toshio Okamoto then initiated a collaboration with small-car expert Suzuki to develop a global small car for GM, the S-car.
A three-way agreement of co-ownership was signed in August 1981, with Isuzu and Suzuki exchanging shares and General Motors taking a 5% share of Suzuki.
Following on from this, in 1985 Isuzu and GM established the IBC Vehicles venture in the United Kingdom, producing locally built versions of Isuzu and Suzuki light vans (the Isuzu Fargo and Suzuki Carry); to be sold in the European market under Vauxhall's Bedford brand.
During this period Isuzu also developed a worldwide presence as an exporter of diesel engines, with their powerplants in use by Opel/Vauxhall, Land Rover, Hindustan, and many others.
Two Isuzu model lines (Gemini, Impulse) were marketed as part of the Geo division (Spectrum, Storm) when it was initially launched as a Chevrolet subsidiary.
This OEM tie-up occurred alongside the establishment of SIA (Subaru-Isuzu Automotive), an American joint venture with Fuji Heavy Industries (the parent company of Subaru).
Isuzu ended US sales of the Impulse (Geo Storm) in 1992, and the following year it stopped exporting the Stylus (the basis for the Geo Spectrum), the last Isuzu-built car sold in the US.
In 1993 Isuzu began a new vehicle exchange program with Honda, whereby Honda sold the Isuzu Rodeo and Isuzu Trooper as the Honda Passport and Acura SLX, respectively.
In the Japanese market, the Gemini (Stylus) was now a rebadged Honda Domani and the Aska (originally based on the GM J-car) was a Honda Accord.
Isuzu's United States sales reached a peak in 1996 after the introduction of the Isuzu Hombre pickup, a badge-engineered GM truck (using the sheetmetal of the Brazil-market Chevrolet S10).
Isuzu resurrected the beloved Amigo in 1998, before changing the name of the 2-door convertible to Rodeo Sport in 2001 in an attempt to associate it with the better selling 4-door Rodeo.
The new Axiom launched in 2001, with the fictional salesman Joe Isuzu from 1980s advertising campaigns brought back to promote it.
Isuzu sales began to slide due to the ageing of the Rodeo and Trooper, and poor management and a lack of assistance from GM.
By this point sales in North America had slowed to just 27,188, with the discontinued Rodeo and Axiom making up 71% of that total.
GM raised its stake in Isuzu to 49% the following year, effectively gaining control of the company, and quickly followed this up by appointing an American GM executive to head Isuzu's North American Operations.
The production version of the heralded VehiCROSS was introduced to the US in 1999, but met with mixed reviews, as its high pricetag, unique styling and two-door configuration did not seem to meet with market demands.
Production of the VehiCROSS and other sport utility vehicles, including the Trooper, ended in 2001 as part of a major financial reorganization which eliminated almost 10,000 jobs.
The number of Isuzu dealerships in the US began a rapid decline, and by 2005 had only 2 models: the Ascender (a re-badged GMC Envoy) and the i-series pickup truck (a rebadged Chevrolet Colorado).
At this point, Isuzu in the US was primarily a distributor of medium duty trucks such as the N-series, sourced both from Japan and US plants in Janesville, Wisconsin and Flint, Michigan.
Isuzu had 290 light-vehicle dealers in the US in August 2006, and sold an average of just two Ascenders per dealer per month, and rumors of Isuzu's withdrawal from the US market were rampant.
Plans to introduce a new Thai-built SUV for 2007 were shelved when Isuzu Motors Limited decided that a new SUV would be too risky, instead proceeding with the launch of the i-series trucks.
Despite extremely low sales figures of 12,177 passenger vehicles for 2005 (with leftover Axiom and Rodeos making up 30% of this), Isuzu Motors America announced its first profit in years, mainly due to restructuring cuts.
In most of Asia and Africa, Isuzu is mostly known for trucks of all sizes, after Isuzu small automobile sales drastically plummeted and Isuzu had to drop all sales of sedans and compact cars in the late 1990s.
Isuzu as a corporation has always been primarily a manufacturer of small to medium compact automobiles and commercial trucks of sizes medium duty and larger, but markets around the world show different needs.
The company explained to its dealers that it had not been able to secure replacements for the Isuzu Ascender and Isuzu i-Series that would be commercially viable.
Its presence in the country began in 1966 when it established a manufacturing facility for pick-up trucks in the Samuthprakarn province with a capacity of 155,000 units per year.
The automaker quickly became a market leader so that by 2002, the company transferred its production base from its original location in Fujisuwa, Japan to Thailand.
It the same year, it announced that its profit climbed 7 percent and has doubled its annual truck production to meet overseas demands.
It is connected to the internet and provides government mandated driver activity logs, and records how long the driver was on-duty and how much time was spent driving.
The service also records when the driver took lunch breaks, where the truck stopped and for how long, and when the driver logged off for his duty shift.
The service has been modified for personal use in Japan to keep track of family members, to include elderly members of health status and location of children for safety purposes.
Some of the main features include Internet Digital Tachograph, the first of its kind wirelessly in Japan, combined with hands-free communication, voice guidance, and text messages displayed from the dispatch office.
The system also has a password enabled vehicle theft prevention feature that will not let the vehicle start without the driver having entered a password.
At this time she was living in the suburb of Farmers Branch, where she briefly attended R. L. Turner High School.
Dinky Toys were among the most popular diecast vehicles ever made – pre-dating other popular diecast marques, including Corgi, Matchbox and Mattel's Hot Wheels (Ralston 2009, 7; Richardson 1999, 128).
The company later moved into model railways with their first O gauge clockwork trains appearing in 1920 (Ellis 2009, p. 15; Wainwright 2013).
In the early 1930s, Meccano had made many types of tin plate and other metal cars, like its Morgan and BSA three-wheelers, mostly in kit form (Interesting 1934, pp.
In 1933 Meccano Ltd issued a series of railway and trackside accessories to complement their O scale (1/45) Hornby Trains model train sets (Force 1988, p. 6; Ramsay 1933, p. 88).
In the mid-1930s, then, six vehicles were introduced (designated 22a through f), including a sports car, a sports coupe, a truck, a delivery van, a farm tractor, and a tank.
Soon after, the first Dinky model car available individually was numbered 23 – a sports car based on the MG Magic Midget.
At this early time a series 24 (a-h) were introduced and included a generic ambulance (made until the late 1940s) a grand sport open four-seater, a grand sport two-seater, a coupe and a limousine (Gardner and O'Neill 1996, pp.
Some smaller vehicles were also produced alongside model track workers, passengers, station staff and other O scale track side accessories (Meccano Dinky 1934 p. 332).
By August 1935 there were around 200 different products in the Dinky Toys range which included die-cast ships, aeroplanes and small trains.
These included a generic ambulance, a Daimler saloon, a Vauxhall saloon, a Chrysler Airflow saloon, and a Rolls-Royce saloon (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, pp.
Models in series 36, meanwhile, included a Rover Saloon, a Bentley 2 seat sports coupe, an Armstrong-Siddeley limousine, a British Salmson 4 seater convertible, a British Salmson 2 seat convertible, and a Humber Vogue coupe (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, pp.
Provisions were made in some models for attachment of metal drivers, but not many appeared before the war, making them more valuable (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, p. 48).
Dinkys had acute problems on early models with zinc pest also known wrongly as metal fatigue, caused by impure alloys in which corrosion happens between molecules causing cracking of the metal (Harvey 1974, p. 1997).
This was much more common before the war in the years 1938–1941, and a main reason it is rare to find surviving toys in good condition from this period (Ramsay 1993, p. 88).
Some early castings have survived in numbers, while others are rare without some form of damage – such as the 28/2 Series vans.
Another theory is that lead from Hornby train and Dinky Toys production, lead ties from sacks and foil from cigarette wrapping found their way into the metal, corrupting it.
These were painted army green and consisted of a medium and a light tank, an Austin 7 military car, a six-wheeled truck, a reconnaissance car, a searchlight lorry, an anti aircraft gun, a light Dragon tractor with limber and 19 pdr gun.
The military offerings were produced through 1941 though a few select models – the clever 161b Anti-Aircraft Gun, the 151a medium tank and some of the trailers – were also made again in 1946–1955 after the war (Dinky Toys Encyclopaedia).
Tracks on the tanks and the 162a Light Dragon Artillery Tractor were done with wire-link sprocket chain wrapped around the hubs.
With the Anti-Aircraft Gun, the side panels folded and not only did the gun swivel 360 degrees, but it could be moved from level to about a 50-degree angle upward.
In the early days of the Dinky Toys range aeroplanes and ships formed a considerable part of the output of the Binns Road factory alongside models of cars, vans and trucks.
Some models were clearly identified whereas others re-issued in 1945 had generic names such as Heavy Bomber (66a) and Two Seater Fighter (66c).
The reason for this is not clear and it may have been that these were not true representations of particular aircraft types, but there were rumours that some models of aircraft and ships were disguised so that enemy agents would not be able to recognise allied aircraft and shipping from the Dinky Toys models.
This was of particular importance in the production of French Dinky models due to the political friction in Europe before the war and the fact that France was occupied by the Axis forces during hostilities.
These theories do not stand as the models with generic names were issued in 1945 and at that time there was no enemy any more, the allies had dealt with them.
Production of model aircraft resumed after the war with a mixture re-issues of pre-war and new models of civilian airliners and new jet-powered aircraft.
Production of Dinky planes tailed off in 1968 but was resurgent in 1971 with a range of World War II types complete with battery-powered propellers, modern jet fighters, and even a Sea King helicopter.
These large scale planes had been developed by Airfix but were made by Meccano Ltd. which had just been bought by Airfix.
The models, which were 1/1200 to 1/1985 scale, were cast from the same unstable alloy that was used across the entire immediate pre-war Dinky range and have therefore also suffered from metal fatigue that makes survivors all the more rare.
Small metal rollers were also included in the design and concealed in the underside of the hull so that the models could be moved smoothly across surfaces.
The liner France was the only Dinky Toys ship produced in France after the war, it was made partly of zamac and partly of plastic at the scale of 1/1200.
It was not until 1976 that five further models were added to the long line of maritime releases from Dinky Toys, these were in the larger scale of 1/180 – 1/200.
The French Meccano factory was occupied by the Germans, some of whom worked for Märklin, and the British factory was on war work but every Christmas a few models would be sold from pre-war stocks.
Thus during and after the war a few 'pre-war' models survived and were sold in 1945 (Harvey 1974, p. 1997–1998) (The Dinky Toys Encyclopaedia).
Besides some of the military vehicles offered before and after the war, the first significant releases from Dinky in the late 1940s were the 40 series, which were all British saloons.
The 40 series cars were manufactured from better quality alloy, meaning that the survival rate is higher and although originally sold in trade boxes of six, they were renumbered in 1954 and re-coloured in two-tone paintwork in 1956, the Austin Somerset ref.
The first two models in the 40 series were in 1:48 scale, while the others were in 1:45 scale (Schellekens 2010).
More recently, Odgi Models have remade the Jowett and a couple other Dinky Toys Models which were planned but never manufactured.
As part of the post-war development and expansion of the range, in 1947 Meccano Ltd introduced a series of model lorries modeled to the usual Dinky scale of 1:48, and introduced the altered name of Dinky Supertoys.
The Guy cab was joined by a Bedford S cab in 1955 and a Guy Warrior cab was introduced in 1960.
Supertoys were commonly packaged in white boxes with thin blue horizontal lines and were marketed all on their own – no longer were these models solely focused on railroad accessories.
In 1965 after the take over of Meccano Ltd. by Lines Brothers, the marque Dinky Supertoys was dropped and the large models were renamed Dinky Toys.
The smaller cars were in a scale of 1:45, while the larger cars and many Supertoys, as stated above, were in a scale of 1:48, which blended in with O scale railway sets, but many buses and lorries were scaled down further (Schellekens 2010).
Because of the introduction of data processing, the British Dinky Toys range was reorganized in 1954 with a new numbering system – previously model numbers were commonly followed by letters and often sold in sets with several vehicles.
Now each model had its own unique three digit catalogue number (with no letters), and cars were now sold in individual boxes (Smeed 1980, p. 33).
Some cars in the sporty pre-war line were carried on after the war like the Alvis sports tourer, the Sunbeam Talbot, or the Frazer-Nash BMW.
These offerings then led to a magnificent line-up in the post war Dinky range, which included a Lagonda, an Armstrong-Siddeley, MG, Sunbeam Alpine, Austin Atlantic, Austin Healey 100, Aston Martin DB3S racer, Morris Oxford sedan and Triumph TR2 (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, pp.
Additionally, several models introduced were American cars, and even now still seem unique choices, such as a 1954 Packard convertible, a 1955 Plymouth Belvedere, a Cunningham, the 1953 and 1957 Studebakers (and a 1957 Packard), a Chrysler New Yorker Convertible, a 1957 Rambler, and a late model Hudson Hornet.
In many cases, even domestic British / European vehicle choices for models were not everyday selections, e. g. the Connaught racing car, Maserati Sports 2000, AC Aceca, Humber Hawk, 1954 Bristol LeMans car with large fins – and a Daimler instead of the more routine Jaguar.
4 / 249 offered Cooper-Bristol in British racing green, Alfa Romeo in the Italian red, Ferrari in the blue and yellow of Argentina (Juan Manuel Fangio's country), and H.W.M.
Production of agricultural machinery and implements had occurred since the 1930s, such as the 1933 number 22e Fordson farm tractor, and such offerings were maintained post-war.
One interesting model was the odd Opperman 3-wheeled Motocart, a tilting flat-bed vehicle with engine hanging off to the side of its large front wheel (Rixon 2005, pp.
In November 1958, Meccano Ltd introduced the Dublo Dinky range of models in 1:76 OO scale, designed to be used with the Hornby railway system (Force 1988, pp.
These were relatively cheap to produce – having a one-piece die-cast metal body, a base plate and or windows on some, and plastic wheels.
There was the added bonus of being able to compete in the small-scale toy car market which, at the time was dominated by Lesney's Matchbox (see Force 1988, p. 47).
There were a total 15 Dublo models, although with upgrades and modifications there are possibly up to 42 variations (not including box variations) manufactured (Force 1988, p. 47).
For example, similar to Matchbox, the Land Rover (which came with a horse trailer) had windows, grey or black plastic wheels and a black base (see photo, Force 1988, p. 47).
Wheels, however, (the Land Rover had one on the bonnet as well as one underneath) were somewhat flatter and wider than those of Matchbox and their circumference was not ribbed at the beginning but this feature was added later.
The baseplate, however, was pressed steel with etched lettering (not diecast with moulded lettering as was the case with Matchbox, Budgie Toys or Lone Star vehicles).
The front was covered by the tube of the baseplate and held pinched on each side by extensions of the diecast body.
072 Bedford articulated lorry was a reproduction of the Meccano factory lorry, its articulated flat trailer was dimensioned to receive the Hornby Dublo container.
The range met with limited success and the first model was withdrawn in October 1960 having only been on sale for 18 months – there was no replacement.
Further models were withdrawn in May 1961, September 1962 and March 1963 until in November 1963 those models that remained were taken off the shelf six years after the Dinky Dublo line was introduced.
Dinky offerings at this time were striking, but due to the lack of much competition, development of new models was perhaps a bit slow at least until July 1956, when Mettoy introduced a rival line of models under the Corgi brand name.
This range was kept to one scale, 1:42, also featured mainly British makes, and were comparatively more expensive, never managing to sell as many units as Corgi or Dinky Toys.
Since Dinky Toys were more popular, Spot-On Models were phased out in 1967, although a few cars originally designed for Spot-On were made in Hong Kong and marketed as Dinky Toys.
After the take-over, Meccano continued to use the 1:42 scale for many of the English made cars and trucks until 1977.
The company continued to make innovative models, with all four doors opening (a first in British toy cars), retractable radio aerials (another first), new metallic paints, and jeweled headlights (pretty, but not very realistic).
Such features, however, were expensive to manufacture and toy prices could only be kept low if the quantity was high, and in the face of Mattel's creation, Dinky faced an uphill battle.
Though the writing was on the wall, Dinky's offerings in the 1970s covered the entire spectrum of vehicles, both real and fictitious.
Into the 1970s, many British made Dinky vehicles lost the precision quality of detailing and proportions seen during the two previous decades.
213 European Ford Capri were rather chunky and unrefined with thick metal door frames, imprecise grilles, and ungainly doors and bonnets painted in separate colours from the rest of the body.
1453 Citroën DS Présidentielle saloon were still impressive–flying French flags, with driver, and battery operated lights (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, p. 23).
Some of the truck and construction models remained very clever as well, with many moving features, like the Bedford refuse truck or the Taylor Excavator.
On the other hand, French Dinky Toys, which had to compete with Solido since 1957, were much more accurate with better paint and sharper details than their English counterparts.
A second series of small scale models was introduced four years later in 1967, somewhat larger than the Matchbox range at 1:65.
Mini-Dinky Toys, as the range was called, featured opening bonnets, doors and boots and were produced in Hong Kong and the Netherlands, with some construction models designed in Hong Kong as copies of models made in Italy by Mercury.
Some Mini-Dinkys were also blister packaged in a dark grey pack (some with garage and some not) with bright yellow lettering (Mini Dinky 2011).
Although Dinky Toys were not known as widely for producing television related models as Corgi Toys, they still made a number of vehicles widely known from the small screen.
Many of these models were the result of beating Corgi Toys to the signing of a licensing deal with Gerry Anderson's Century 21 Productions, whose programmes are immensely popular in the United Kingdom.
By 1921, the French market had proved so successful that production of Meccano began in Paris at the newly opened factory on Rue Rebeval, with another plant opening in 1931 in Bobigny where production of the Dinky Toys range would be based.
By the late 1930s the French Dinky Toys range had begun to diversify from that of the British parent company, concentrating on the products of the French motor manufacturers and eventually including; Citroën, Peugeot, Simca, Renault, Panhard and Ford of France (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, pp.
During the Second World War the Meccano factory was commandeered by the invading Germans and used in the Nazi war effort.
From 1945, the model vehicles were forcibly shod with solid metal wheels and the pumps did not have rubber hoses due to the shortage of rubber which was needed for the army.
In the early post war period, rubber was needed badly as the French supply came from Cambodia and Laos in war against France, rubber tyres were not fitted on models until 1950.
In 1951, the headquarters and offices which were still at Rue Rebeval closed and Dinky Toys production was now solely based at Bobigny.
The Citroën Traction Avant (24N), released in 1949, was 1:48, while the Ford Vedette 1949 (24Q), released in 1950, was 1:45, the same scales as used in the British 40 series.
By the late 1950s, Italian, German and other marques, like the Dutch DAF were also offered by Dinky Toys of France (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, pp.
1960s cars produced by Meccano France were the first Corvair sedan, a 1967 Ford Thunderbird coupe and a 1966 Ford Galaxie 500 sedan.
Some models such as the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia were produced both in France as 24M / 530 and in the UK at the Binns Road plant in Liverpool as number 187.
By the 1960s there was virtually no crossover of product between the two countries resulting in a fascinating range that complemented the models.
The vast majority of the French Dinky range was only available in the home market, Belgium, Switzerland, U.S.A. and other non British Commonwealth countries although a few models did make it across the English Channel both before and after the war.
The factory at Bobigny closed in 1970 and production moved to the present Meccano factory in Calais where the range continued to be manufactured until 1972 when the final single sheet catalogue spelt the French Meccano-built end for the best known name in diecast toys.
A contract had been signed with the Spanish firm Auto Pilen who received some tools and produced some models both as Dinkys and Auto-Pilens.
As import duties were high on finished goods and reduced on components, to get into the Spanish market, Meccano s.a. (France) exported sixteen unpainted and unassembled Dinky Toys to The Novades Poch Company in Barcelona.
In 1974 labour was getting too expensive in France, and Meccano subcontracted the manufacture of some models to Auto Pilen s.a. in Spain.
When the Calais factory closed down some of the recent tools were sent to Liverpool where the models were produced with new baseplates.
Some of these tools were later sent to Auto-Pilen where they were modified or updated before; being re-issued, however it is not known if the dies were modified by Meccano or by Pilen.
These models were sold in France under the marque Dinky, they were clearly identified as Dinky and as MADE IN SPAIN on the base plate.
Pilen models, most of which were Dinky dies, were very popular and numerous in Spain and commonly sold in El Corte Inglés and Galerias Preciados department stores.
According to a contract between Meccano s.a. and Pilen, the last five so called French Dinkys were in fact Pilen models designed and tooled in Algeciras and fitted with a Dinky Toys base plate.
Meccano Ltd exported Dinky Toys to all of the United Kingdom's old colonies relatively cheaply because of existing Commonwealth trade agreements.
Around 1952 -54, Meccano Ltd shipped to South Africa a limited edition set of vehicles for the South African Defence Force.
This set included a Motor Truck, a Covered Wagon, an Ambulance, a Dispatch Rider, a Van, a petrol tanker, a fire engine, a road roller, a Mechanical horse and trailer, a loudspeaker van.
When South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth in 1961, it imposed a luxury goods import tax, making Dinky Toys very expensive – a potential loss for Meccano Ltd. To resolve this problem, Meccano Ltd began shipping Dinky Toy parts to South Africa in 1962 where models were assembled and painted locally.
These models were sold in South Africa between 1962 and 1963 and it is believed that only one batch of each model was produced, making South African Dinky Toys very rare.
South Africa also imported Dinky Toys parts from the French factory in 1966 and six models were assembled and painted locally (Binns Road website).
Circa 1967–1973, for reasons related to import substitution, some Dinky Toys were made in Arica, a tax free port at the very north of Chile.
Only twelve models are known today, those which in England were packed in clear boxes and were provided in Chile with specific yellow packaging with a red 'globe' symbol.
Original British-made Dinky Toys had been available in select cities in India from pre-war days until about 1955, when import curbs on toys came into effect.
Old stocks of original Dinky toys continued to be available for a few years in Calcutta and other metro areas until supplies were exhausted.
Later, similar to how Corgis became Milton Toys and Matchboxes became Maxwells in India, Dinkys eventually appeared there under a distinct name.
In 1963, Meccano closed its Speke factory and sold the dies, the casting machines and remains of spare parts and yellow boxes to S. Kumar & Co. in Calcutta, India.
The toys were first assembled with parts made in Liverpool and packed in original yellow boxes with the Dinky Toys name.
The quality was very poor and it is believed that Meccano Ltd. asked S. Kumar & Co. not to use the Dinky name.
Later when the stock of original boxes ran out, NICKY TOYS boxes of poor quality were printed in India (The Dinky Toys Encyclopaedia).
Originally intended to be produced by Spot-On, but re-branded as Dinky Toys when the Spot-On parent company (Tri-ang) bought Meccano Ltd, they were built to the usual Spot-On scale of 1:42.
These were poor quality models, however, compared to earlier Dinkys, and an attempt to cut production costs and possibly shift production should the Binns Road Factory close, which it eventually did.
The parts may have been made in England or the tools exported, they were made and assembled by Polistil in Milan.
Changing fashions in the toy industry, international competition and the switch to cheap labour in lower wage countries meant that the days of British-made toy vehicles like Dinky Toys were numbered.
After attempts at simplifying the products as a means of saving costs, the famous Binns Road factory in Liverpool finally closed its doors in November 1979.
This seemed to be a logical and perhaps synergistic development, uniting two of the most valuable and venerated names in the British and world die-cast model car market under one roof.
The models, like a Wolseley Hornet or a 1953 Buick Skylark convertible, were attractive and honoured the tradition of the Dinky name in realism.
This range is a twice monthly partwork featuring a particular Dinky Toy model complete with certificate and an information leaflet on the history of the casting and the real model.
These models were from brand new tooling as the original Meccano dies had been previously sold to other toy makers worldwide or were destroyed or lost.
In 2016, DeAgostini, the parent company of Atlas editions, launched another range of Dinky Toys in The United Kingdom and Italy, this time relaunching some of the range from 2008 onward, but replacing Atlas Editions with DeAgostini on the baseplate.
In the United Kingdom, the first five models issued were the Triumph TR2, Bedford CA Van, Ford Thunderbird, Morris Mini Traveller and the Jaguar XK120 coupe.
Issue 6 was continued in Italy and eventually Issue 6 was issued in the UK which as of November 2019 stands at issue 44.
The band, known for its energetic live performances, built strong followings during its early years, especially in the college towns of Kalamazoo and East Lansing.
While performing, someone in the crowd threw a beer bottle towards the stage and it hit Brian Vander Ark in the cheek.
Immediately after the release of the family album, the band undertook a series of small-venue performances, mostly around Michigan and the East Coast.
Kilbride was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Elizabeth (née Kelly), a native of Maryland, and Owen Kilbride, a Canadian.
According to Benny, Percy Kilbride was the same character offscreen and on: quiet and friendly but principled, refusing to be paid more or less than what he considered a fair salary.
On September 21, 1964, Kilbride and another actor, Ralf Belmont, were struck by a car while crossing the street in Hollywood.
Belmont died instantly; Kilbride died three months later from atherosclerosis and terminal pneumonia which were caused by head injuries, having undergone brain surgery at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles on November 11, aged 76.
By the 19th and 20th centuries, the Lowells descended from John Lowell (1743–1802) were widely considered to be one of U.S. most accomplished families.
Massachusetts Bay Colony Governor John Winthrop needed solid, dependable people to settle the North Shore area as a buffer against the French from Canada and urged that the Lowells relocate to Newburyport on the Merrimack River, at the border of the failing Province of Maine.
Lowell family historian Delmar R. Lowell, gave much weight and persuasion to the origins of the name Lowle in his work and he and others concluded the Lowles of England were unquestionably of Norman descent.
There were still Louels in Scotland on the Scottish Marches in the Royal Burgh of Roxburgh when Edward Longshanks, King of England, ordered the nobility and gentry in Scotland to swear an oath of allegiance to him in the Ragman Roll in 1291.
William Lowle of Yardley in Worcestershire is documented as a yeoman, and standing as a witness to a border dispute between two of his neighbours.
It is from this period that Delmar Lowell traces the descent of the Lowles through England until their departure for the colonies.
Documentation for this period also exists in The National Archives of England showing that there were also Lowels in the Welsh Marches.
The Harleian Society, a British publisher of the official Royal Heraldic visitations, describes the Lowle Coate of Arms from the herald's records taken in Somersetshire in the years 1573, 1591, and 1623.
The coat of arms has a shield with black field displaying a right hand cut-off at the wrist and grabbing three arrows, one vertical and two crossed diagonally, in silver; above the shield is a male deer's head with a barbed, broad arrowhead in blue between its antlers.
The use of the Lowle Coat of Arms has varied slightly between the generations; some families omitted the pheon azure or substituted blunted bolts for the pointed darts; and one generation, notably a pastor, used an urn in his families crest instead of the stag's head.
It is mentionable that some believe that the Lowle Coat of Arms fell into abeyance when Percival Lowle and his sons emigrated to Massachusetts.
They were still subjects of the Crown and its favor until the colonies declared Independence from Britain in 1776 and were entitled to bear their Coat of Arms.
John Lowell was the catalyst in getting the Lowell family into cohesion regarding the spelling of the surname sometime after 1721.
Some spelled their surname Lowel, Lowle, Lowell, Lowl, and some spelled it Louell, and Louel even after arriving in the new world.
Spelling was so poorly controlled that some early wills show one son with the name Lowle while another son is Lowel and the wife as Lowell all in the same document.
He may well have influenced many Lowells in America to be consistent, but documentation shows that Lowles in England started spelling their name Lowell around this time as well.
This suggests that the proliferation of literacy and a trend to standardize the English language caused members of the family on both sides of the Atlantic to adopt the phonetic spelling.
The culture of Dvaravati was based around moated cities, the earliest of which appears to be U Thong in what is now Suphan Buri Province.
A Khmer inscription dated 937 documents a line of princes of Chanasapura started by a Bhagadatta and ended by a Sundaravarman and his sons Narapatisimhavarman and Mangalavarman.
But at that time, the 10th century, Dvaravati began to come under the influence of the Khmer Empire and central Thailand was ultimately invaded by King Suryavarman II in the first half of the 12th century.
It might simply have been a loose gathering of chiefdoms rather than a centralised state, expanding from the coastal area of the upper peninsula to the riverine region of Chao Phraya River.
The three largest settlements appear to have been at Nakhon Pathom, Suphanburi, Praak Srigacha, with additional centers at U Thong, Chansen, Khu Bua, Pong Tuk, Muang Phra Rot, Lopburi, Si Mahasod, Kamphaeng Saen, Dong Lakhorn, U-Taphao, Ban Khu Muang, and Sri Thep.
Newly dated typical Dvaravati cultural items from the site of U-Thong indicate that the starting point of the tradition of Dvaravati culture may possibly date as far back to 200 CE.
Archaeological, art historical, and epigraphic (inscriptions) evidence all indicate, however, that the main period of Dvaravati spanned the seventh to ninth centuries.
Dvaravati itself was heavily influenced by Indian culture, and played an important role in introducing Buddhism and particularly Buddhist art to the region.
Votive tablets have also been found, also moulds for tin amulets, pottery, terracotta trays, and a bronze chandelier, earring, bells and cymbals.
The highway runs southeast–northwest from an interchange with the New York State Thruway (I-90) northwest of Schenectady to another junction with the Thruway south of the city and passes through Downtown Schenectady along the way.
Most of I-890 is six lanes wide, including a section that runs above an industrial section of Schenectady on an elevated highway.
The section of I-890 west of downtown Schenectady was mostly built over what was once part of New York State Route 5S (NY 5S).
I-890 was constructed in stages during the 1960s and 1970s, and NY 5S was gradually cut back to its current terminus west of Schenectady as more pieces of I-890 were completed.
The highway is one of four Interstate Highways in New York to use distance-based exit numbering, the result of a New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) experiment from the 1970s.
I-890 begins at the toll booth for exit 26 of the New York State Thruway in the Schenectady County town of Rotterdam.
It initially heads to the east, connecting to NY 890 and NY 5S by way of a modified trumpet interchange that directly feeds into the Thruway junction.
At this point, I-890 takes over the four-lane right-of-way established by NY 890 to the north and follows the Mohawk River (Erie Canal) and CSX Transportation's Selkirk Subdivision rail line southeast toward Schenectady.
The first of I-890 passes through mostly undeveloped, wooded areas, a trend that finally ends as the highway curves east to meet the north end of NY 337 at exit 2 near the Rotterdam Square shopping mall.
Continuing on, I-890 follows the Mohawk River along the northern edge of General Electric's Schenectady plant, connecting to the facility by way of two separate exits serving different parts of the complex.
Not far from the GE plant is downtown Schenectady, which the now six-lane I-890 largely bypasses to the south and west on an elevated highway passing over a mostly industrial section of the city.
The section closest to the city center runs past by the campus of Schenectady County Community College and provides panoramic views of downtown Schenectady.
I-890 heads south from downtown, crossing over the Delaware and Hudson Railway and CSX's Hudson Subdivision before finally connecting to downtown by way of Broadway at exit 5.
Past Broadway, the elevated highway comes to an end as I-890 heads southeastward into a dense residential area on a plateau overlooking the city.
The homes are not visible from I-890, however, as the freeway is lined on both sides by a thick line of trees serving as noise barriers.
The residential section of Schenectady is served by a single exit for Michigan Avenue, a local street that connects to NY 146 at a junction two blocks north of I-890.
The state route joins I-890, following the highway as it narrows to four lanes and crosses back over the Hudson Subdivision rail line.
I-890 and NY 7 connect to High Bridge Road (County Route 48) at exit 8, the last junction in a residential area and the last in Schenectady County.
Exit 9, located just south of the Albany County line in a lightly developed commercial area, serves as the end of NY 7's its wrong-way concurrency with I-890; the southbound exit also links to NY 146 by way of a long ramp connecting to the state route.
I-890 ends a short distance south of the exit at the toll booths for exit 25 of the New York State Thruway.
However, because of how the exits are spaced along I-890, the exit numbers end up being mostly sequential anyway, with the only evidence of distance based numbering being the existence of exit 4C.
I-890 is one of four Interstate Highways in New York that first utilized milepost-based exit numbering in contrast to the sequential exit numbering used elsewhere in New York.
The original riverside roadway along the southern bank of the Mohawk River in western Schenectady was designated as part of NY 5S in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.
NY 5S entered the Schenectady area on River Road and followed River and Rice Roads and Erie Boulevard into downtown Schenectady, where it ended at NY 5.
The first section of I-890 to be completed was the portion from New York State Thruway exit 25 southeast of Schenectady to Altamont Avenue (NY 146), which opened to traffic as I-890 .
NY 5S was cut back to I-890 exit 2 in the mid-1970s, then to its modern eastern terminus in the late 1980s following a reconfiguration of the interchange linking I-890 to New York State Thruway exit 26.
He also served as vicemayor of Santo Domingo from 1994 to 1998, and as mayor of Santo Domingo from 1998 to 2002.
When Ventura Soriano appeared for the first time in the TV show: La TV busca una estrella, that was broadcast Friday night at seven, they rang the bell.
Thereupon he won a lot of prizes in the devotees programs, until he was finally rewarded with the much desired scholarship which the broadcasting company, property of José Arismendy Trujillo Molina, gave for young talents.
In 1963, Johnny Ventura was recruited by the musical director Papa Molina to join La Super Orquesta San José, which he was the director at that time.
In order to explain psychological phenomena encountered in humans, he starts with the consideration of most basic organisms and how they are different from inanimate matter.
First of all, any organism may be treated as an autonomous but open system, separated from its environment by means of a boundary (skin or cell membrane).
By contrast, inanimate matter does not have the ability to maintain or lower its negentropy, because spontaneous natural processes are always accompanied by entropy generation.
Information metabolism may be generally seen as the exchange of signals between the organism and its environment, but also as the processing of signals originating in the organism.
For all organisms these goals are predicated on two biological laws: the first law states that an organism must be oriented towards its own survival.
In case of humans, the connection between the goals of various everyday actions and two biological laws is less direct, nevertheless these laws still motivate us.
Humans are able to project themselves into the future, think abstractly and consciously and therefore their goals may possess transcendent and symbolic character.
The structure of the body and locations of various receptors are evolutionally adapted to assure isolation of the most relevant signals from the surrounding environment.
At the level of signals reaching the field of subjective experience, attention is actively directed (with the help of emotions) towards those related with two biological laws.
Above biological and emotional levels of signal interpretation, there is the frame of social and cultural norms of the community, which serves as reference for conscious decisions.
If the stimulus was evaluated negatively in the first phase, then it is likely that the executed reaction will take the form of escape, fight or immobilization.
The separation from reality in the second phase of information metabolism is greater in complex animals and reaches its maximum in humans.
In the case of humans, the number of possible functional structures associated with the first phase of information metabolism is limited.
They include predictions regarding the behavior of objects in the environment as well as the planned sequence of actions of the individual.
It depends on the nature of the stimulus and on the physical condition of the organism in the moment of perception.
Selection of an attitude in the first phase (positive or negative) limits the character of functional structures generated in the second phase.
Although typically there are many possible ways of reacting, they are limited by the emotional background appearing in the first phase.
This effort is rewarded by positive emotional state – the feeling of satisfaction associated with the overcoming of obstacles and advancing towards important goals.
They are more willing to engage in the exchange of information with the environment and to undertake tasks associated with the integrative effort.
The presence of friendly and safe maternal environment during childhood is crucial for the development of the general positive attitude towards the environment.
Life may be seen as conflict between two orders – the order of the individual and the order of the environment.
In pathological cases, the individual may aim to gain absolute control over their environment, or quite contrarily, to fully submit to some external power (i.e.
The need for an absolute control cannot be fulfilled, therefore it frequently takes the form of fantasy, which sometimes becomes indistinguishable from reality (e.g.
Many individuals submit to revolutionary movements, promising a utopian future, and to social ideologies which offer simple answers to complex life problems.
In his reflections on information metabolism, Kępiński tried to explain psychological mechanisms which made the atrocities of the Second World War possible.
It is traditionally assumed that functional structures associated with the subjective experience of emotions and moods (the first phase of information metabolism) are controlled by phylogenetically older parts of the brain (diencephalon and rhinencephalon), while those generated in the second phase of information metabolism, subjectively experienced as thoughts, are associated with the neocortex.
The processing of signals in the remaining part of the nervous system is binary (the response of a neuron may be twofold: null – no response, or 1 – when the action potential is released).
Because of the interest in his work, his most important books have been reissued several times (recently in 2012-2015 by Wydawictwo Literackie ).
The controversy was related with the fact that some elements of the theory cannot be verified by the scientific method because it is hard to design appropriate experiments.
In response to these objections, psychiatrist Jacek Bomba pointed out that information metabolism was never meant to be a scientific theory, but rather an anthropological model, which accurately integrates the findings of neurophysiology, psychology, social science and medicine.
Philosopher Jakub Zawiła-Niedźwiecki noted that current reading of Kępiński has to correct for his work mostly being pre-scientific from before the evidence-based medicine, modern philosophy of the mind and cognitive psychology era.
the proposition that information metabolism has its control center (the homunculus argument) and the view that brain is only used in 30%.
Inspired by Kępiński's work and Jungian typology, Augustinavičiūtė proposed her theory of information metabolism in human mind and society, known as Socionics.
Harrington Lake () is the summer residence and all-season retreat of the Prime Minister of Canada, and also the name of the land which surrounds it.
The property is located near Meech Lake—where the Meech Lake Accord was negotiated in 1987—approximately 35 kilometres northwest of Ottawa, in Gatineau Park, amidst the Gatineau Hills in Quebec.
The property is not open to the public, but the Mackenzie King Estate, the retreat of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King at Kingsmere, is a tourist attraction located 2 kilometres south in the park.
The retreat is accessed by Chemin de Lac Meech with a gatehouse, staffed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Protective Policing Service, at the driveway of the retreat.
The Mousseau family had built a farm on the shores of the lake, which remained in the family for several decades.
In the 1920s, Lieutenant Colonel Cameron Macpherson Edwards, a member of a prominent lumbering family in Ottawa, inherited part of the property from his uncle, Senator William Cameron Edwards (who had owned 24 Sussex Drive).
He also ordered the demolition of the mill buildings at Harrington Lake, and replaced them with a 16-room cottage that was designed in the Colonial Revival style, very common in the 1920s according to the NCC, but with the addition of large fieldstone chimneys.
In 1951, the lake and the property (including neighbouring land belonging to William Duncan Herridge and Stanley Healey) were acquired by the King in Right of Canada to build up preserves of natural areas around the capital.
In 1959, supporters of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker suggested that he needed a quiet place to go fishing, not too far from Ottawa.
Later that year, Harrington Lake was chosen as the site for an official country residence and the buildings were formally designated as a secure residence for Canada’s prime ministers.
Initially, Campbell took up residence at Harrington Lake so that her predecessor, Brian Mulroney, could continue to reside at 24 Sussex Drive until renovations on his new private residence in Montreal were completed.
Once Mulroney vacated 24 Sussex, Campbell had not finished moving to that address before her party was defeated in the 1993 election.
Before the 18th century and British colonisation, the Toda coexisted locally with other ethnic communities, including the Kota, Badaga and Kurumba, in a loose caste-like society, in which the Toda were the top ranking.
Toda religion features the sacred buffalo; consequently, rituals are performed for all dairy activities as well as for the ordination of dairymen-priests.
The religious and funerary rites provide the social context in which complex poetic songs about the cult of the buffalo are composed and chanted.
Fraternal polyandry in traditional Toda society was fairly common; however, this practice has now been totally abandoned, as has female infanticide.
During the last quarter of the 20th century, some Toda pasture land was lost due to outsiders using it for agriculture or afforestation by the State Government of Tamil Nadu.
Since the early 21st century, Toda society and culture have been the focus of an international effort at culturally sensitive environmental restoration.
The Toda lands are now a part of The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO-designated International Biosphere Reserve; their territory is declared UNESCO World Heritage Site.
According to M. B. Emeneau in 1984, the successive decennial Census of India figures for the Toda are: 1871 (693), 1881 (675), 1891 (739), 1901 (807), 1911 (676) (corrected from 748), 1951 (879), 1961 (759), 1971 (812).
Another factor in the uncertainty in the figures is the declared or undeclared inclusion or exclusion of Christian Todas by the various enumerators ...
Giving a figure between 700 and 800 is highly impressionistic, and may for the immediate present and future be pessimistic, since public health efforts applied to the community seem to be resulting in an increased birth rate and consequently, one would expect, in an increased population figure.
Physical anthropologist Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt firstly described the Todas as being South Indid, therefore connecting them to ancient Proto Dravidian population.
DNA studies in the early 21st century showed that the Toda and Kota share genes which distinguish them from the other Nilgiri Hill Tribes.
They once practiced fraternal polyandry, a practice in which a woman marries all the brothers of a family, but no longer do so.
The hut has a tiny entrance at the front – about 3 feet (90 cm) wide, 3 feet (90 cm) tall, through which people must crawl to enter the interior.
The Todas are vegetarians and do not eat meat, eggs that can hatch, or fish (although some villagers do eat fish).
Linguists have classified Toda (along with its neighbour Kota) as a member of the southern subgroup of the historical family proto-South-Dravidian.
Although many Toda abandoned their traditional distinctive huts for houses made of concrete, in the early 21st century, a movement developed to build the traditional barrel-vaulted huts.
Corgi Toys (trademark) is the name of a range of die-cast toy vehicles produced by Mettoy Playcraft Ltd. in the United Kingdom.
The Mettoy (Metal Toy) company was founded in 1933 by German émigré Philip Ullmann in Northampton, England, where he was later joined by South African-born German Arthur Katz, who had previously worked for Ullmann at his toy company Tipp and Co of Nuremberg.
They decided to market a range of toy vehicles as competition to Meccano's Dinky Toys model vehicles, which had dominated the British market for many years.
Corgi Toys were introduced in the UK in July 1956 and were manufactured in Swansea, Wales, for 27 years before the company went into liquidation.
In 1989, the management sold the Corgi brand to Mattel and the factory was retained under the name of Microlink Industries Ltd.
Some of the best known and most popular models were of cars made famous in film and television such as the Batmobile, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and James Bond's Aston Martin DB5 – which remains the largest selling toy car ever produced.
Although the largest single vehicle type featured in the Corgi Toys range were models of cars from manufacturers around the world, this article sub-divides vehicles into genres, wherever possible, to allow a more detailed look at the variety of models produced by the company.
The body material was soon changed to die cast zinc and it was refitted with cast wheels and moulded rubber tyres.
The name 'Corgi Toys' was chosen by Philip Ullmann in honour of the company's new home, taken from the Welsh breed of dog, the Corgi, and the iconic Corgi dog logo branded the new range.
Six family saloon cars; Ford Consul (200/200M), Austin A50 Cambridge (201/201M), Morris Cowley (202/202M), Vauxhall Velox (203/203M), Rover 90 (204/204M), Riley Pathfinder (205/205M) and Hillman Husky (206/206M), and two sports cars; Austin-Healey 100 (300) and Triumph TR2 (301).
Initially, all models were issued in free-rolling form, or with friction drive motors, with the exception of the heavy commercials which would have been too bulky and the sports cars whose low slung bodies would not be able to accommodate the motors.
The Mechanical versions, as they were known, were indicated by an 'M' suffix to the model number and were available in different colour schemes.
Mechanical versions did not sell particularly well, partly due to a significantly higher purchase price, and were phased out in 1960 with Ford Thunderbird (214M) the last of the line.
British cars dominated the releases over the next few years reflecting the company's concentration on the home market, but by 1957 new markets were being explored and the first European car to be modelled was the Citroën DS19 (210) issued in December of that year.
The first American car, the Studebaker Golden Hawk (211/211M), was released in February 1958 and by the early 1960s the Corgi range was being exported widely, finding particular popularity in Europe, Australia, Canada, the United States of America and areas of southeast Asia such as Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, and gradually more foreign vehicles were included to appeal to these new markets.
Gradually the models became more sophisticated with the addition of such features as 'Glidamatic' spring suspension and a detailed interior on the Renault Floride (222) in October 1959, and the fibre-optic style 'Trans-o-Lite' illuminating lights system first seen on the Superior Ambulance on Cadillac Chassis (437) in October 1962.
The early type of interior which was known as 'vac-formed', was produced by stretching a thin sheet of acetate over a mould by means of a vacuum, and lasted for three years until being replaced by the crisper, more detailed injection-moulded type first seen in the Thames 'Airborne' caravan (420) in February 1962.
The Corgi design team came up with the first model with an opening feature in February 1960, the Aston Martin DB4 (218) which had an opening bonnet.
Steerable front wheels, jewelled headlights and rear lights and an opening boot complete with spare wheel were added on the Bentley Continental Sports Saloon (224) in April 1961, and by October 1963 with the release of the new levels of authenticity were reached.
This model featured a number of 'firsts' with not only an opening bonnet, but also opening doors and boot, and a detailed interior with a rear view mirror, folding front seats, and even a model corgi dog sitting on the rear parcel shelf.
At introduction, the Ghia sold for eight shillings and sixpence, and even at this relatively high price around 1.7 million were sold before being withdrawn in 1969.
Another popular model was the Jaguar Mark X (#238; 1962-1967) — over 1.1 million were sold, and hardly any other model was released in as many colours.
In 1964 Corgi diversified into the adult collector market and released a range of highly detailed models of vintage cars called 'Corgi Classics'.
Initial releases were a 1927 Bentley finished in green (9001) or red (9002), an open 1915 Ford Model T coloured black (9011) and a version finished in blue with the hood raised (9013), a 1910 Daimler 38 finished in red (9021) and a 1911 Renault 12/16 finished in lavender (9031) or pale yellow (9032).
Two years later, a 1912 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost coloured silver (9041) was added to the range, which was updated in 1970 to feature American TV stars The Hardy Boys, discussed later in this article.
The Corgi Classics range had been discontinued by 1969, although the name was later revived for a range of adult collectable models in the 1980s.
Early models in the new 'Corgi Major' range were issued in sturdy two piece boxes featuring the blue and yellow colour scheme that had recently been adopted across the entire Corgi range, later models in the 1960s using clear fronted packaging in line with the rest of the Corgi Toys range.
The Carrimore Low Loader (1100) was the next release in April 1958 which was a low loader trailer attached to the Bedford cab and was followed by the similar Machinery Carrier low loader (1104) in September 1958.
A large earth mover which was being widely used in the construction of the M1, the UK's first motorway, the Euclid factory was only two miles from Corgi headquarters which allowed easy access to all the data required to produce a very accurate model.
April 1959 saw the release of the Bedford Fuel Tanker in the red livery of 'Mobilgas' (1110) and this model was revamped in pale blue and white as the Bedford Milk Tanker (1129) in May 1962, and both were later re-issued with a more modern Bedford TK cab.
The Midland Red Motor Express Coach (1120), issued in March 1960, was a model of the latest high speed coach for the motorway age fitted with a turbo-charged engine and capable of 100 mph, and a model of the pioneering SR.N1 hovercraft (1119) was released in June 1960.
In November 1962 the new Bedford TK cab unit was also fitted to the existing Carrimore Car Transporter (1105) and was also included in a new Car Transporter Gift Set (GS28) in December 1963 along with four cars; Ford Consul Classic (234), Mercedes-Benz 220 SE (230), Renault Floride (222) and Fiat 2100 (232).
The Ecurie Ecosse Racing Transporter (1126) issued in October 1961 was a racing car transporter custom built for the Scottish motor racing team Ecurie Ecosse, with room for three cars and an on-board workshop.
The Corgi model featured operational ramps, a sliding door revealing the workshop complete with a miniature lathe, operational steering, and was finished in authentic dark blue.
Racing Transporter Set (GS16) was also released in October 1961 featuring the Ecurie Ecosse transporter along with three racing cars; Vanwall (150), BRM (156) and [Lotus XI] (151).
This model fire engine was based on a Bedford TK chassis and featured an extendable centre-hinged arm with rescue cradle complete with fire fighter figure holding a die-cast water cannon which could be manoeuvred by means of a rotating base and wheels and gears.
The Ford H Cab and Detachable Trailer (1137) was an American truck produced by Corgi to appeal to the lucrative US market and featured a forward tilting cab revealing a highly detailed engine, realistic moveable door mirrors and die-cast metal air horns and side ladders.
The large box trailer featured sliding side doors, opening rear doors and was finished in the blue and silver 'Express Services' livery.
The leap in quality of this model proved that the Major range had entered a new era, and it continued to sell well until 1972.
The new Ford cab was used again in April 1966 with a new version of the Carrimore Car Transporter (1138) which had been re-designed to carry up to six Corgi cars, and which also featured in Gift Set 41 along with six cars; Ford Cortina Estate (440), Rover 2000 (252), Hillman Imp (251), Mini Cooper De-Luxe (249), Austin Seven (225) and Mini Cooper Monte Carlo 1966 (321).
This gift set was initially only available by mail order but was finally issued in time for Christmas in December 1967.
The Holmes Wrecker Recovery Vehicle (1142) issued in May 1967 was also based on the Ford H Series tractor unit, and featured twin boom die-cast recovery cranes with hooks attached to cotton lines that could be extended by winding a pair of spare wheels attached to the sides of the vehicle, and also included were two model mechanics previously seen with the 'Express Services' truck.
The American LaFrance Aerial Rescue Truck (1143) was added to the Major range in October 1968 and was a highly detailed model of a tiller/ladder truck (or hook and ladder) from the United States of America.
It featured an extendable ladder on a rotating base complete with plastic ladder extensions and model firemen and has recently been re-issued by the modern Corgi company in a number of authentic liveries.
The Carrimore Car Transporter Mark IV using the recently introduced Scammell cab was also released in April 1969 and a gift set (GS48) featuring the new transporter and six cars; MGC GT (345), Mini Cooper Monte Carlo 1967 (339), Sunbeam Imp Monte Carlo 1967 (340), Mini Cooper S Magnifique (334), Morris Mini Minor (226) and The Saint's Volvo P1800 (258) soon followed.
By October 1970 the Carrimore Car Transporter Mark V (1146) had grown to three decks and Gift Set 20 again featured the transporter complete with six cars now fitted with Whizzwheels; Lancia Fulvia Zagato (372), Marcos 3 Litre (377), MGC GT (378), Ford Capri 3 Litre (311), The Saint's Volvo P1800 (201) and Pontiac Firebird (343).
The colour schemes applied to some cars in the Car Transporter Gift Sets were unique to models included in these sets, such as the MGC GT (345) finished in orange, and today are particularly collectable.
The Scammell Handyman Ferrymasters Truck (1147) issued in December 1969, proved to be the last new application for the Scammell cab and was finished in the authentic yellow and white livery of the Ferrymasters haulage company.
The Major range continued into the 1970s but along with the Corgi Toys range suffered somewhat from the constraints on development budgets that the company was forced to make.
The Mercedes-Benz Unimog and snowplough (1150) was released in February 1971 and another American cab unit was introduced in October 1971.
A new Berliet cab was introduced in May 1974 as the Crane Fruehauf Discharge Dumper (1102), a large articulated aggregate carrier for use on construction sites, and the new cab was also used as the Berliet Wrecker Truck (1144) in March 1975 updating the aforementioned Holmes Wrecker, which had been in the range since 1967.
The Pathfinder Airport Crash Truck (1103) released in September 1974 had won the Design Council Engineering Award for its manufacturer Chubb, and the Corgi miniature included an internal water tank allowing water to be squirted through die-cast water cannons by pumping a rubber bulb.
The Chipperfield's Circus Crane Truck (1121) was the first of the highly successful and much sought after range of Chipperfield's Circus vehicles produced by Corgi Toys during the 1960s, and was issued in October 1960.
It was based on a large International truck fitted with a metal crane, hook and pulley, and painted in the traditional Chipperfield's Circus livery of red and blue, as were all the models in the range.
It was followed by the Circus Animal Cage Trailer (1123) in January 1961 which featured two two-part opening doors revealing a large cage with metal bars.
An updated version of the Karrier Bantam Mobile Butcher Shop was introduced in January 1962 as the Circus Booking Office (426).
In April 1962 the existing Land Rover 109 model was issued along with a trailer carrying a large cage and a model elephant as Chipperfield's Circus Land Rover and Elephant Cage on Trailer (GS19).
The Chipperfield's Circus Vehicles Set (GS23) was issued in September 1962 featuring all the Chipperfield's models released to date, and today this is one of the most desirable gift sets issued by the company.
The Chipperfield's Circus Horse Transporter (1130) was released in October 1962 featuring the new Bedford TK tractor unit and an articulated trailer with models of circus horses, and in June 1964 the Bedford TK tractor unit was adapted with a large high-sided open top 'wooden' box as the Giraffe Transporter (503) complete with models of a mother and baby giraffe.
The Land Rover, which had been adapted as a 'Vote For Corgi' campaigning vehicle as a tie-in with the 1964 UK General Election, was re-issued in September 1965 in the red and blue colours of Chipperfield's as the Chipperfield's Circus Parade Vehicle (487) with a clown and chimpanzee replacing the political canvassers of the original, and a 'The Circus is Here' banner across the bonnet.
The Chipperfield's Circus Menagerie Transporter (1139) which was released in October 1968 featured a new Scammell Handyman cab and a flatbed articulated trailer which carried a load of three clear plastic boxes designed to represent cages, each containing models of lions, bears and tigers.
The Chipperfield's Circus Crane and Cage (1144), issued in April 1969, again featured the Scammell tractor unit but modified using the Holmes Wrecker platform with a large crane mounted on a pivoting base to the rear, and included another of the clear plastic animal cages with a model rhinoceros inside.
The Chipperfield's Performing Poodles Pick Up (511) was an update of the earlier Kennel Club Wagon (itself an adaptation of the Chevrolet Impala first issued in 1960) and included model poodles and trainer.
This large set included models of the new 1/36 scale Land Rover Estate and Chevrolet Van which had been updated to become a parade vehicle and mobile booking office respectively.
Also included were an animal cage trailer and models of horses and an elephant and figures of a clown and a ringmaster, together with various Big Top accessories.
Another circus themed release was the Berliet tractor unit which had been adapted to become a human cannonball launcher complete with die-cast cannon attached to the rear and a human cannonball figure that could be fired from the cannon by means of depressing a button.
This was followed in December 1958 by a BRM Grand Prix car (106) also with green paintwork, and both cars featured in the Racing Car Set (GS5) from 1958, along with the Lotus XI Le Mans racing car (151) from July 1958.
Finished in an authentic British Racing Green and carrying racing number 1, it represented Jim Clark's 1963 world championship winning Lotus 25, and in 1967 it was joined by the Cooper-Maserati F1 car (156) painted blue.
The Lotus-Climax and the Cooper-Maserati were re-engineered in 1969 to include steerable front wheels operated by moving the driver from side to side, and a high level rear wing in the style of real Formula 1 cars of the time.
A Lotus Racing Car set (GS37) was issued in August 1966 containing the Lotus-Climax F1 car, two Lotus Elans and a Volkswagen breakdown tow truck.
Another Ferrari was issued in February 1965, the Ferrari Berlinetta (314) (Ferrari 250 LM) which had competed at the 1964 Le Mans 24 Hour race, and in May 1967 another successful sports racer, the Porsche Carrera 6 (330) (Porsche 906), was released.
In 1972 Corgi worked with the newly formed Grand Prix Association to produce a series of 1/36 scale Formula 1 racing cars.
The first was the Yardley McLaren M19A (151) driven by New Zealander and 1967 World Champion Denny Hulme which was followed by the Brooke Bond Oxo Surtees TS9 driven by 1964 World Champion John Surtees (150), later followed by a Surtees TS9B in the livery of Italian sponsors 'Pagnossin', driven by Andrea de Adamich (153).
These were the first models produced in the larger 1/36 scale instead of the familiar O scale preferred by Dinky and Corgi up to this date (varying between 1/43 to about 1/50 for larger vehicles).
Within the following five years virtually the complete Corgi range would be replaced by vehicles in 1/36 scale, much to the dismay of adult collectors.
1973 saw the release of Jacky Ickx's Ferrari 312 B2 (152) and the John Player Special Lotus 72 (154) of World Champion (1972 and 1974) Emerson Fittipaldi or Ronnie Peterson, and in 1974 the Shadow F1 car was issued in both UOP livery (155) as driven by Jackie Oliver, and as Graham Hill's Embassy Shadow (156).
Scottish multiple World Champion Jackie Stewart's Elf Tyrrell F1 car (158) was also released along with the STP Patrick Eagle (159) driven to victory in the 1973 Indianapolis 500 by Gordon Johncock.
The final two models in the series were the Hesketh 308 F1 car (190) driven by the then becoming English World Champion James Hunt issued in 1976, and the six wheeled Tyrrell Project 34 driven by Frenchman Patrick Depailler issued in Elf livery (161) in 1977 and First National City Travellers Checks livery (162) which was released in 1978.
Two Formula 1 cars were also issued in 1/18 scale, the John Player Special Lotus 72 (190) in 1974 and the Marlboro McLaren (191) in 1975.
The Proteus-Campbell Bluebird Record Car (153) was issued in September 1960 and was modelled on the vehicle with which Donald Campbell was to set a new Land Speed Record on 17 July 1964.
The Corgi design team were given extensive access to the real car in order to produce their scale model, even receiving paint samples to enable them to create an exact colour match.
In January 1964, Corgi updated the existing Citroën DS Safari to become a promotional vehicle for the 1964 Winter Olympics (475), complete with a skier figure, four model skis and two model ski poles.
Painted white and with a decal of the Olympic rings logo on the bonnet, this model then reverted to a 'Corgi Ski Club' version the following year.
It was revamped again in November 1967 for the 1968 Winter Olympics (499), this time painted white with a blue roof, and with a model toboggan on the roof rack along with a figure of a tobogganist and a pair of skis and poles, and a stylish 'Grenoble Olympiade 1968' decal on the bonnet.
The final version introduced in 1970 was an Alpine Rescue vehicle (510), painted white with a red roof and which came complete with figures of a St Bernard dog and rescuer, and today is the rarest of the versions.
By following the event closely, Corgi Toys were able to issue a model of the winning car shortly after the end of the rally Often there was not even enough time to produce a unique box for the new model, which had to make do with a hastily produced sticker applied to a standard issue box for a similar model.
The 1964 winner, Paddy Hopkirk's Mini Cooper S (317) released in February 1964, featured jewelled headlights and a rally lamp on the roof, and was finished in the BMC team colours of red with a white roof with authentic Monte Carlo Rally transfers.
All three of these models were available in the Monte Carlo Gift Set (GS38) also issued in April 1965; a highly prized set for today's collector.
Another Mini Cooper S in Monte Carlo Rally finish was issued the January of following year complete with two jewelled rally lamps in the grille and the signatures of the driver Timo Mäkinen and his co-driver Paul Easter printed on the roof.
A Hillman Imp was also issued as a Monte Carlo Rally car (328), finished in blue with a white flash along the sides and two jewelled rally lamps, and was driven by an all-female team of Rosemary Smith and Valerie Domleo in the 1966 event.
1967 was the final year that Corgi issued Monte Carlo Rally cars, and the famous Mini Cooper S (339) appeared yet again in March, this time with four jewelled rally lamps in the grill, a sump guard and two spare wheels on a roof rack borrowed from the 'Surfing' Mini Traveller (485) from 1965.
Another Mini Cooper S (333) was released in February 1967 carrying the same red and white paintwork, but as campaigned in the 1967 RAC/Sun rally by Tony Fall and Mike Wood, along with another Rover 2000 (322) from the same event finished in white with a matt black bonnet.
The final rally car was the Sunbeam Imp (340) issued in March 1967, which featured four jewelled rally lamps and was finished in blue with a white flash and front panel.
This model featured an opening boot and engine cover and steerable front wheels operated by a spare tyre on the roof of the car.
Three years later, in July 1969, Corgi issued the winning Hillman Hunter from the 1968 London to Sydney Marathon (302), complete with Take-Off Wheels, roof mounted tool box and a plastic kangaroo guard across the front of the car.
This time the packaging included a model kangaroo and details of the event, and in February 1970 a model of the unique 4wd Ford Capri 3-Litre rally car (303) driven by Roger Clark was released.
This, in fact, was an authentic model of John Morton's 300 bhp BRE-Datsun 240Z which won the 1970 and 1971 SCCA class C/P championships.
The Ferrari 365GTB/4 Daytona as raced at the 1973 Le Mans 24 Hours race, with JCB and Corgi sponsorship (324), was released in June 1973 along with another in white/red/blue livery inspired by a 1972 Le Mans entry (323).
In the early 1970s Corgi Toys issued a range of dragsters in response not only to the increased interest in this form of motorsport in the UK, focused on the Santa Pod Raceway in Northamptonshire, but also the attention brought to these vehicles by Mattel's Hot Wheels.
The first to be released was the 'Quartermaster' Dragster (162) in April 1971, closely followed by the 'Commuter' Dragster (161) in June.
Modifications allowed the body to be hinged from the rear, and by pressing a button secreted in the front bumper the entire body rose, by means of a spring, to reveal a roll cage and driver within and a detailed V8 engine.
This was an update of the existing Volvo P1800 model that had been issued in 1962, now finished in white and featuring The Saint's logo on the bonnet and a model of The Saint in the drivers seat.
However, with the second in the range of film and TV related models Corgi unwittingly revolutionised the British toy car industry.
Despite the fact that the casting of the new James Bond car was based heavily on the earlier Aston Martin DB4 model from 1960, it was the special features marked out this model.
There were machine guns in the front wings which popped out at the touch of a button, a bulletproof shield which popped up to protect the rear screen when the exhaust pipes were pressed, and an ejector seat which fired through a roof panel which opened by the touch of another button.
The model was released in time for the 1965 Christmas market and the Corgi factory found it was unable to keep up with demand, leading to coverage in the British press of stories of toy shop shelves being cleared of this new must-have toy in minutes.
The model remains in production to this day in an updated form and has gone on to sell more than seven million examples in all its various versions.
The two figures popped in and out of the car windows by pressing down on a model periscope protruding through the roof.
Although the series was not screened in the UK until years later, the model proved to be very popular and it went on to sell over two million examples.
A new casting of the James Bond Aston Martin DB5 (270) was released in February 1968, this time featuring the correct DB5 taillights (instead of the DB4 taillight clusters on the 261) and authentic silver paintwork.
The original had been painted gold after the Corgi design team decided that silver painted pre-production models looked as if the metal bodies were unpainted.
The new model now featured tyre slashers and revolving number plates whilst retaining all the features of the original, and early examples packaged in a short lived bubble-pack are even more valuable today than the earlier 1965 release.
November 1968 saw the release of the flying car Chitty Chitty Bang Bang'(266) from the successful film of the same name that had been in cinemas throughout that summer, and which featured plastic wings that popped out from the car's side skirts when the hand brake was pushed and detailed miniatures of the car's inventor Caractacus Potts, Truly Scrumptious and the children Jeremy and Jemima.
Film and television related models continued to be issued in February 1969 with the Yellow Submarine (803) from the animated Beatles film of the same name.
This model featured two hatches that lifted at the touch of buttons on the side of the craft to allow models of the Fab Four John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr to pop into view.
Early examples featured a white hatch to the front and a yellow hatch to the rear in keeping with the colour scheme of the original, before both hatches were coloured red on later models.
A newly tooled Commer 2500 mini bus body was used for the Samuelson Mobile Camera Van (479) issued in December 1967 which included a detailed cast metal model of a Panavision film camera and plastic cameraman on a metal plinth that could be either attached to the vehicle's roof rack or to the front or rear of the van for tracking shots.
This gift set featured a Renault 16 car with the tailgate removed and a platform extension fixed at the rear to accommodate the Panavision film camera model and cameraman.
As the decade progressed some of the film and television related models became less authentic due to the lack of expensive licensing deals, and more a product of the imagination of the Corgi design team.
A 'Batbike' was released in 1978 featuring a figure of 'Batman' sitting astride a modified motorbike which fired two rockets, along with a series of vehicles that were issued as the result of obtaining the Marvel Comics license.
Many of these later film and television related releases were not models of authentic vehicles as were the earlier issues from the 1960s, but merely existing models updated to take advantage of recently acquired licensing deals.
In May 1978 a new version of the James Bond Aston Martin DB5 (271) was issued in 1/36 scale which featured the operational gimmicks of the 1965 original.
By the mid-1970s some of the most popular series shown on British television were American police dramas, and Corgi decided to model several of the vehicles featured in these shows.
The first emergency vehicles produced by Corgi Toys were issued as part of the launch range in July 1956, and were based on the Bedford Utilicon light commercial.
It was issued in red as a 'Fire Dept' vehicle (405M) and in green as an 'Army Fire Service' vehicle (405), both with a tin plate ladder attached to the roof of the vehicle.
These were followed in June 1958 by the company's first police vehicle; a Riley Pathfinder patrol car (209), finished in black and with a die cast police sign fitted to the roof complete with siren and bell.
In January 1959 a Jaguar 2.4 Fire Chief car (213) was added to the range, finished in red and with a nylon aerial, crest transfers on the front doors and the same cast sign as the Pathfinder but modified to read 'Fire Chief'.
The first American emergency vehicle to be produced by Corgi Toys was the Chevrolet Impala State Patrol car (223) introduced in December 1959.
By 1959 the M1, the UK's first motorway, had opened to the public and this prompted the introduction of a new breed of powerful police vehicle able to carry a large payload.
The Ford Zodiac Motorway Patrol Car (419) was introduced in August 1960 and was finished in white with a plastic aerial fitted to the front wing, a blue light attached to the roof, a 'Police' decal on the bonnet and a vac-formed interior detailing rescue equipment in the luggage compartment and in June 1962 the Oldsmobile Super 88 County Sheriff car (237) was added to the range.
The Superior Ambulance on Cadillac Chassis (437) introduced in October 1962 was from the latest generation of models and featured red and white paintwork, a working battery operated flashing light on the roof and four trans-o-lite fibre optic lights in each corner of the roof that flashed in unison with the main bulb.
In January 1963 the existing Chevrolet Impala was introduced as a Fire Chief car (439), painted red with a light on the roof, crests decals on the doors and a 'Fire Chief' transfer on the bonnet, and was also updated with a red and white finish in 1966.
In June 1963 the Commer Police Van (464) was released, painted blue with a battery operated flashing light on the roof, barred side windows and 'County Police' transfers along the sides, and this model was also updated in 1967.
In October 1964 a Police Dog Handler Mini van (450) was introduced painted dark blue with 'Police' in white letters on the sides, a nylon aerial fitted to the front wing and came with models of the police dog handler and police Alsatian dog.
The Volkswagen European Police Car (492) issued in May 1966 was finished in the green and white of the German police force, and carried 'Polizei' transfers on the doors.
It featured steerable front wheels operated by the blue metal 'light' on the roof and two policemen sitting inside the vehicle, not to mention opening boot and rear engine cover.
It was painted black and white initially but this colour scheme was soon changed to authentic 'Panda' car colours of pale blue with a white vertical centre section.
It featured a colour scheme of white and red and was fitted with a blue light on an extension next to the door and a die-cast loud hailer on the engine cover.
A rare Dutch issue of the model featured dayglo orange and white paintwork and the correct 'Rijkspolitie' livery as featured on the real vehicle.
The Fire Bug (395) appeared in December 1971, and was based on a GP Beach Buggy fitted with fire fighting equipment.
British police vehicles were well represented with the Police 'Vigilant' Range Rover (461) released in January 1972 and the Ford Cortina Police Car (402) released in August of the same year.
Both models were finished in the contemporary white with red/blue side stripes, which would have been familiar to many motorists at the time.
The Range Rover came complete with a model policeman and emergency road signs, while the Cortina was also released with 'Polizei' labels on the otherwise unchanged British car as an export model for the German-speaking countries.
The remaining years that the company was in existence saw police cars based on such subjects as a Porsche 924 (430) and a Renault 5 (428), both in the white and black livery of the French Police nationale, a Mercedes 240D (412) and the Porsche 924 (430) in white and green of the German 'Polizei', and a blue Buick Regal (416) which had previously seen service as 'Kojak's' car.
There was also a Metropolitan Police Land Rover and Horse box (GS44) complete with a model Police horse and rider, which was also available in Royal Canadian Mounted Police finish (GS45).
Ambulances were issued based on the Range Rover 'Vigilant' (482), a Mercedes-Benz W123 'Bonna' (406) in four different liveries for Scandinavian and German-speaking countries, and a Chevrolet Superior Ambulance (405).
There appears, however, to have been a lack of fire fighting machinery released in this time, although the American LaFrance ladder truck and Simon Snorkel were still available along with the modern Chubb Pathfinder airport crash tender.
In 1980 the first of the later 'Corgitronics' range was introduced: the HCB-Angus Firestreak (1001) with battery-operated siren and flashing red lights, complete with two figures in silver protective clothing.
The first large commercial vehicles in the Corgi Toys range were the Commer Dropside lorry (452) and the Commer Refrigerated van finished the livery of Walls Ice Cream (453).
The same large van body was used on the ERF 88G chassis to become the Moorhouses Van (459) in March 1958.
The Karrier Bantam Lucozade Van (411) was introduced in August 1958 and featured a sliding plastic door, yellow paintwork and adverts for Lucozade energy drink on the side.
This model was updated in May 1962 to become the Dairy Produce Van (435) now painted pale blue and white and with a 'Drive Safely on Milk' advert on the side.
A Volkswagen van (433) was introduced in December 1962 finished in two tone red and white along with the Volkswagen Kombi (434) which was finished in green and white paintwork.
In March 1964 a Volkswagen Pick Up (432) was introduced to the range which came complete with a plastic canopy, and in December 1966 the pick up was converted to become the Volkswagen Breakdown Truck (490).
In 1963 Corgi introduced the Commer Constructor Set (GS 24), which consisted of two Commer FC van chassis units and four different rear bodies – an ambulance, milk float, panel van and pick-up.
The Commer Holiday Camp Special bus (508) issued in August 1968 was based on the earlier Samuelson Commer Film Unit bus, and featured bright orange and white paintwork with a decal fixed on one side on the vehicle, together with a plastic representation of luggage under cover on the roof rack.
The 'Mister Softee' Ice Cream Van (428) was introduced in March 1962 and was based on a Commer BF 1 ton van and which featured a plastic knob on the underside that allowed the ice cream salesman inside to be rotated.
This was a smaller vehicle based on the Thames 5 cwt van, a commercial version of the Ford Anglia, and the bodywork featured a pointed roof design and a sliding side window.
The model also came with a sheet of stickers which could be applied and also included were models of an ice cream vendor and small boy.
An alternative version (474) with musical chimes operated by a handle protruding from the back of the model was introduced a year later, but without the plastic figures.
A Karrier Bantam-based Mobile Butchers Shop (413) was released in October 1960 and was later updated to become a Chipperfield's Circus Booking Office (426) in January 1962 and with the addition of an opening side hatch, a detailed kitchen interior and revolving chef it was re-issued in March 1965 as Joe's Diner Mobile Canteen (471).
An export version to be sold in Belgium featured 'Patates Frites' stickers on the side in place of the usual 'Joe's Diner'.
There were no further additions to the commercial vehicle range until June 1979 with the Chevrolet van, first seen the previous year, issued in the livery of Coca-Cola (437).
A variety of farming vehicles formed part of the Corgi Toys range for the majority of the company's existence under Mettoy's ownership.
The range was introduced in June 1959 with the Massey Ferguson 65 tractor (50) finished in the manufacturer's familiar red and white colours.
An accompanying Massey Ferguson trailer (51) was introduced at the same time, and in April 1960 an operational shovel was added to the tractor as the Massey Ferguson 65 Tractor Shovel (53).
The scoop could either be raised or lowered by means of one of two levers and could be tipped by means of the second lever.
The Massey Ferguson combine harvester (1111) was released in August 1959 as part of the Corgi Major range, which featured blades that rotated as the model was pushed along.
A plough that could be attached to the tractor (57) was issued at the same time, and the two were available together as GS18.
A half track version of the Fordson was available in March 1962 as the Fordson Power Major with Roadless Half Tracks (54).
The first Agricultural Gift Set (GS22) was released in September 1962 and included the combine harvester, the Fordson and Massey Ferguson tractors with a fork replacing the shovel on the Massey Ferguson for this gift set only.
The Fordson Power Major Tractor was issued with a new Beast Carrier Trailer, carrying a load of four plastic calves, as GS33 in March 1965 and the Working Conveyor on F.C.Jeep (64) was released in June 1965.
This was an update of the Forward Control Jeep first issued in 1959 with a new casting of a working conveyor belt assembly fitted to the flat bed and accompanied by plastic model grain sacks and farmer.
The Massey Ferguson 165 (66) featured steering and an 'engine sound' as the model was pushed along and was finished in red and white.
The new Ford tractor was coupled to a Beast Carrier trailer for GS1 released in December 1966 which became the first Corgi release in the new style cellophane window box which defined the company's packaging for the future.
This was a large animal transporter based on an American Dodge truck which featured an opening bonnet and carried a cargo of plastic pigs.
The Tandem Disc Harrow Plough Trailer (71) was released in July 1967 and an updated Agricultural Gift Set (GS5) in October 1967, which featured some of the more recent releases such as the Dodge Kew Fargo and the Massey Ferguson 165 tractor with scoop.
In March 1970 the Massey Ferguson 165 Tractor With Saw Attachment (73) was issued featuring a clever circular saw attachment which rotated as the model was pushed along by means of a long finely coiled spring.
Next followed two versions of the Ford 5000 Super Major tractor with a fully operational side trenching scoop (74) in 1970 followed by a version with a rear trenching scoop (72) in January 1971.
A version with an operational shovel (54) was released in April 1974 and was featured with a trailer carrying a load of plastic 'hay' with figures sitting atop the 'hay' as the latest version of the Agricultural Gift Set (GS4) in July 1974.
The David Brown Tractor and Trailer Set (GS34) included the new tractor finished in white and with a closed cab and a tipping trailer.
These models were also featured in another version of the Agricultural Gift Set (GS42) released in March 1978, along with models of a grain elevator and grain silo.
The Thunderbird Guided Missile and Trailer (350) was issued in May 1958 followed by the Bloodhound Guided Missile and Launch Pad (1108) in October 1958.
In June 1959 the Corporal Guided Missile on Launch Pad was issued, which was later featured coupled to a mobile transporter as Corporal Erector Vehicle and Missile (1113) released in October 1959.
RAF vehicles included RAF Land Rover (351) issued in May 1958, which was included in Gift Set 4 along with the Bloodhound Guided Missile, and Standard Vanguard RAF Staff Car (352) which was issued in October 1958.
The Decca Mobile Airfield Radar Van (1106) released in January 1959 featured a radar scanner which revolved remotely by means of a serrated wheel, and the Bedford Military Ambulance (414) was issued in January 1961.
In January 1965, in response to a request from the company's American agent, a range of vehicles was produced in the matt green with white star livery of the US Army.
These included Commer Military Ambulance (354), Commer Military Police Van (355), Volkswagen Military Personnel Carrier (356), Land Rover Weapons Carrier (357), Oldsmobile HQ Staff Car (358), Army Field Kitchen (359), International Troop Transporter (1113), Bedford Army Fuel Tanker (1134) and Heavy Equipment Transporter (1135).
All were updates of existing models from both the standard Corgi range and the Corgi Major range, and sold disappointingly leading to their withdrawal at the end of 1966.
A range of tanks was introduced in November 1973 with the German Tiger Tank Mk I (900) and the British Centurion Tank Mk III (901).
It was expanded in 1974 with the releases of U.S. M60A1 Tank (902), the British Chieftain Tank (903), German King Tiger Tank (904), Russian SU-100 Tank Destroyer (905) and British Saladin Armoured Car (906).
The Centurion Mk III tank was also included as part of Centurion Tank and Transporter (GS 10) along with a Mack articulated transporter truck.
Finally, in October 1976 the French AMX-30 Recovery Tank (908) and British Quad Gun Tractor and Field Gun (909) were issued.
By the late sixties the British toy car market had changed with the arrival from the U.S. of Mattel's Hot Wheels range and their associated track sets.
Sales of Corgi Toys began to fall away and matters were not helped by a disastrous fire at the Swansea factory in March 1969 which destroyed a warehouse full of models awaiting delivery.
Even one of the company's cleverest innovations the Golden Jacks 'Take-Off Wheels' system which first appeared in March 1968 did little to halt the slide.
The authentically detailed die-cast wheels fitted to these models were unique to each model, with the exception of the Oldsmobile Toronado and the Chevrolet Camaro which shared a wheel design, and were attached to the axle by means of the 'Golden Jacks' – die-cast golden metal stands, which when folded downwards both released the wheel and supported the model.
Only seven models were produced with this feature, with more models like the Ferrari Dino, Lamborghini Miura and Pontiac Firebird planned but ultimately released with Whizzwheels instead.
The Mini Marcos was a fibreglass-bodied coupe produced by the specialist British sports car manufacturer Marcos and was built on the Austin/Morris Mini chassis and fitted with a highly tuned Mini engine.
The Corgi model Mini Marcos GT850 (341), finished in metallic red, was the first in the series of Take-Off Wheels models and was introduced in March 1968.
The Oldsmobile Toronado (276) released in June 1968 was an updated version of the earlier 1967 Corgi release of the same model but re-coloured metallic red or metallic yellow, but the metallic gold coloured Chevrolet Camaro SS350 (338) issued in August 1968 was a new model of one of the latest generation 'pony' cars from America.
The previously mentioned 1968 London to Sydney Marathon winning Hillman Hunter rally car (302) was issued in July 1969 and was finished in the blue and white of the original.
A rare version of this model was released in silver over metallic blue which was used as the colour scheme for the later Whizzwheels version.
This model was available in chromed red or green finish called 'Solarbrite' by Corgi and introduced with the Corgi Rockets range the previous year.
Low friction wheels known as 'Whizzwheels' were introduced to keep up with the competition in September 1969 with the Ferrari 206 Dino Sports (344) finished in either red and white or yellow and black.
The first incarnation (known to collectors as 'Red Spots') featured rubber tyres and brass hubs with low friction red nylon centres, which though attractive and effective, were expensive to produce and were soon replaced by plastic wheels.
Although giving more 'play value', Whizzwheels models are less popular with collectors today as they take away some of the character and realism of the earlier regular wheeled models fitted with rubber tyres.
Noddy's Car (801) featured figures from the Enid Blyton children's novels of 'Noddy', 'Big-Ears' and 'Golly' sitting in the rumble seat.
Early examples featured a model gollywog with a black painted face but after just a few months the colour was changed to grey.
The model was later reissued with 'Teddy' sitting in the rumble seat, perhaps in response to the fact that gollywogs had become less acceptable by the late 1960s.
These included the 'Magic Roundabout' Carousel (H852), 'Mr Mac Henry's' trike (H859), the 'Magic Roundabout' train (H851) and 'Dougal's' car (807), a modified Citroën DS featuring models of 'Dougal' the dog, 'Dylan' the rabbit and 'Brian' the snail.
Individual figures of all the characters were available, as was a 'Magic Roundabout' Playground set (H853) that included all the models in the 'Magic Roundabout' series as well as a large 'magic garden' base that featured trees and train tracks.
The models in the series were all able to run on these tracks, and would move around the 'Magic Garden' at the turn of a large plastic handle.
During the early 1960s Corgi Toys issued a series of clip-together plastic kits of buildings and street furniture to complement and add further play value to their range of scale vehicles.
The first release was the Batley Leofric Garage (601) with opening garage door in May 1960 followed by two street lamps (606) and AA (Automobile Association) and RAC (Royal Automobile Club) Telephone Boxes (602) in June 1960.
In November 1960 Silverstone Pits (603) and Silverstone Press Box (604) were added to the range with Silverstone Club House and Timekeepers Box (605) released in March 1963 along with Circus Elephant and Cage (607).
In April 1963 the Motel Chalet (611) was issued and in December 1963 a Shell/BP Service Station (608) was released, along with Shell/BP Forecourt Accessories (609) and Metropolitan Police and Public Telephone Boxes (610).
A series of figures to go with Corgi Kits were released in December 1962; Racing Drivers and Mechanics (1501), Spectators (1502), Race Track Officials (1503), Press Officials (1504) and Garage Attendants (1505).
The range culminated with two Gift Sets grouping together most of the releases - Shell/BP Garage Layout (GS25) and Silverstone Racing Layout (GS15) both issued in December 1963.
Designed with the intention of being used in conjunction with the Commer Platform Lorry (454), Commer Dropside Lorry (452), ERF Platform Lorry (457) and ERF Dropside Lorry (456), Corgi introduced a series of painted die-cast metal 'loads' called Corgi Cargoes.
They were packaged in a clear plastic blisters attached to a card featuring the Corgi dog logo, images of Corgi lorries and the range's signature blue and yellow colour scheme.
The first to be introduced in February 1960 were Plank Load (1485) and Cement Load (1488), and they were incorporated into Gift Set 11 including the ERF Dropside Lorry and Trailer in March 1960.
The last in this range to be released was to be used with the Massey Ferguson 65 Tractor (50) and was a red painted cast metal platform carrying three metal milk churns which clipped to the rear of the tractor.
Pack A (1460) included number plates, road fund licenses and GB plates, Pack B (1461) featured sports wheel discs and white-wall tyres, Pack C (1462) contained commercial vehicle items, Pack D (1463) included CD plates and L (learner) plates and Pack E (1464) introduced in December 1961 contained AA and RAC badges and towing plates.
It was originally a small fold-out single sheet leaflet but by the late 1960s it had evolved into a 48-page colour catalogue.
Corgi catalogues are notable for their illustrations and art work that are evocative of the period, and they are now collectable in their own right.
After the success of the range during the late 1950s and 1960s, sales remained buoyant in the 1970s, and the company made its biggest profit of £3.5 million in 1978.
In an attempt to keep its products contemporary Mettoy began production of the Dragon computer which was aimed at younger users.
In October 1983, Corgi Toys were forced to call in the Official Receiver, just three years after the demise of Dinky Toys and one year after Lesney (Matchbox).
The Corgi story did not end in the mid-1980s, however, as a management buy-out saw the company re-formed as Corgi Toys Limited in March 1984.
Competition was now wholly in the form of products that were being manufactured overseas leading to management moving some of the moulds to China and setting up a joint venture company with a Hong Kong company called Flying Dragon.
In 1989 the management sold the Corgi brand to Mattel and the factory was retained under the name of Microlink Industries Ltd.
In recent years the internet has allowed a far wider collector-base than in the past when swapmeets and antique markets were the only places they could be found.
Williams started out in the early 1940s as vocalist for the band of Western Swing king Spade Cooley, based in Venice, California.
After appearances in various television shows and releasing her first singles, Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris formed Blue Zone in 1986.
In June 2018, following a string of sold-out tour dates in Europe, Stansfield announced her North American Tour, which began in October 2018.
Stansfield has won numerous awards, including Brit Awards, Ivor Novello Awards, Billboard Music Award, World Music Award, ASCAP Award, Women's World Award, Silver Clef Awards and DMC Awards.
Stansfield grew up listening to soul music, and stated that her mother's affinity for records by Diana Ross and the Supremes was her first musical influence.
It was a profile of the aspiring singer, and it included her comments and those of her mother and sisters, and some songs sung by Stansfield.
In 1984, Stansfield and former schoolmates Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, after having worked together on a school musical production, began to collaborate musically and, in 1986, formed the band Blue Zone.
The small indie label Rockin' Horse Records signed them in 1985, and one year later the label was bought up by Arista Records.
Just as the single was climbing the charts (number ninety-nine in the United Kingdom), it was withdrawn by the record company in the wake of the King's Cross fire.
The single was released in March 1989, and reached number six on the Hot Dance Club Songs in the United States and number eleven in the United Kingdom.
It reached the top ten on charts around the world, including number one in Austria and Italy, number two in the UK, Germany, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, number three in Belgium, number five in New Zealand, number six in the Netherlands and Norway, and number seven in Australia and Canada.
The album has sold over five million copies worldwide and was certified 3× Platinum in the UK, Platinum in the US, Canada, Germany, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, and Gold in France, Finland and Austria.
The single was certified Platinum in the US for selling over one million copies, and Gold in many other countries, including the UK, Germany, Australia, Sweden and Austria.
It garnered favourable reviews from music critics, and was commercially successful, reaching number two in the United Kingdom, number six in Belgium, and peaked inside the top forty in many European countries and Japan.
It reached number three in the United Kingdom (where it was certified Gold), number four in Italy, and also charted in other European countries.
In October 2013, it was announced that the release date of the album had been pushed back to 31 January 2014 in Germany, and 10 February 2014 in the United Kingdom.
The tour ended with a series of concerts in the United Kingdom in September 2014 and other European countries in October and November 2014.
In June 2018, following a string of sold outtour dates in Europe, Stansfield announced her North American Tour to begin in October.
Her first in North America in two decades, the tour began on 9 October in Toronto and included stops in Montreal, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and more, before concluding in San Francisco on 26 October.
Set in 1974, it is an independent docudrama about the social phenomenon and generation of the Northern soul music and dance movement, and was released in 2014.
The minimalist ceremony was held in Washington Square Park in New York City, and the only guests were her parents and his mother.
Rhumba, also known as ballroom rumba, is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s.
Although taking its name from the latter, ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance.
This single, released four months later by Victor, became a hit, becoming the first Latin song to sell 1 million copies in the United States.
The song, composed by Moisés Simons, is a son-pregón arranged, in this case, for Azpiazú's big band featuring three saxophones, two cornets, banjo, guitar, piano, violin, bass, and trap drums.
With vocals by Antonio Machín and a trumpet solo (the first one in the recorded history of Cuban music) by Remberto Lara, the recording, arranged by saxophonist Alfredo Brito, attempted to adapt the Cuban son to the style of ballroom music prevalent at the time in the East Coast.
Soon, Azpiazú's style was followed by other Cuban artists such as Armando Oréfiche and the Lecuona Cuban Boys, who had extensive international tours in the 1930s.
Rhumba was also incorporated into classical music, as exemplified by symphonic pieces by composers such as George Gershwin, Harl McDonald and Morton Gould.
The kind of rhumba introduced into dance salons in America and Europe in the 1930s was characterized by variable tempo, sometimes nearly twice as fast as the modern ballroom rumba, which was developed as a dance in the 1940s and '50s, when the original music movement had died down.
Nonetheless, the rhumba craze would be the first of three Latin music crazes in the first half of the 20th century, together with the mambo craze and the cha-cha-cha craze.
American style rhumba is taught in a box step, known for its slow-quick-quick pattern danced on the 1, 3, and 4 beats of 4-beat music.
International style rhumba was developed in Europe by Monsieur Pierre after he compared the established American style with contemporary Cuban dancers.
International style is taught in a quick-quick-slow pattern danced on the 2, 3, and 4 beats of 4 beat music, similar in step and motion to the cha-cha-cha.
This ballroom rumba was derived from a Cuban rhythm and dance called the bolero-son; the international style was derived from studies of dance in Cuba in the pre-revolutionary period.
The modern international style of dancing the rumba derives from studies made by dance teacher Monsieur Pierre (Pierre Zurcher-Margolle), who partnered Doris Lavelle.
Pierre, then from London, visited Cuba in 1947, 1951, and 1953 to find out how and what Cubans were dancing at the time.
The international ballroom rumba is a slower dance of about 120 beats per minute which corresponds, both in music and in dance, to what the Cubans of an older generation called the bolero-son.
It is easy to see why, for ease of reference and for marketing, rhumba is a better name, however inaccurate; it is the same kind of reason that led later on to the use of salsa as an overall term for popular music of Cuban origin.
All social dances in Cuba involve a hip-sway over the standing leg and, though this is scarcely noticeable in fast salsa, it is more pronounced in the slow ballroom rumba.
The basic figures derive from dance moves observed in Havana in the pre-revolutionary period, and have developed their own life since then.
The aircraft had its genesis in Operational Requirement 330 for a high speed (Mach 3) reconnaissance aircraft , which eventually developed into the Avro 730.
As the 730 was expected to operate at high speeds for extended periods of time, more data was needed on high speed operations, leading to Operational Requirement ER.134T for a testbed capable of speeds greater than Mach 2.
The aircraft was expected to run at these speeds for extended periods of time, allowing it to study kinetic heating effects on such an aircraft.
Several firms took interest in this very advanced specification and the eventual contract (6/Acft/10144) was awarded to Bristol Aircraft in February 1953.
The follow-up order was cancelled when the Avro 730 programme was cancelled in 1957 as part of that year's review of defence spending.
The 12% chromium stainless steel with a honeycomb centre was used for the construction of the outer skin, to which no paint was applied.
Riveting was a potential method for construction but the new arc welding technique using an argon gas shield known as puddle welding was used.
The W. G. Armstrong Whitworth company provided substantial technical help and support to Bristol during this period; they produced major sections of the airframe as a subcontractor.
A fused-quartz windscreen and canopy and cockpit refrigeration system were designed and fitted but were never tested in the environment for which they had been designed.
The 188 was originally intended to have Avon engines but the half ton lighter each Gyron Junior was substituted in June 1957, necessitating the engines mounted further forward with longer nacelles and jet pipes.
The Gyron Junior was then under development for the Saunders-Roe SR.177 supersonic interceptor and incorporated a fully variable reheat, from idle to full power, the first such application used in an aircraft.
This choice of powerplant resulted in the 188 having a typical endurance of only 25 minutes, not long enough for the high-speed research tests that were required.
Chief Test Pilot Godfrey L. Auty reported that while the 188 transitioned smoothly from subsonic to supersonic flight, the Gyron Junior engines were prone to surging beyond that speed, causing the aircraft to pitch and yaw.
In May 1960, the first airframe was delivered to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough for structural tests – loading tests both heated and unheated – before moving on to RAE Bedford.
Over 51 flights, it managed a top speed of Mach 1.88 (1,440 mph : 2,300 km/h) at 36,000 ft (11,000 m).
The longest subsonic Bristol 188 flight was only 48 minutes in length, requiring 70% of the fuel load to be expended to attain its operational altitude.
The first prototype made its first public appearance in September 1962 when it was displayed on the ground and in the air at that year's Farnborough Air Show.
Combined with fuel leaks, the inability to reach its design speed of Mach 2 and a takeoff speed at nearly , the test phase was severely compromised.
Nonetheless, although the 188 programme was eventually abandoned, the knowledge and technical information gained was put to some use for the future Concorde program.
The inconclusive nature of the research into the use of stainless steel led to Concordes being constructed from conventional aluminium alloys with a Mach limit of 2.2.
Experience gained with the Gyron Junior engine, which was the first British gas turbine designed for sustained supersonic operation, additionally later assisted with the development of the Bristol (later Rolls Royce) Olympus 593 powerplant which was used on both Concorde and the BAC TSR-2.
Various proposals to further develop the 188 were considered including incorporating ramjets and rocket engines as well as considering fighter and reconnaissance variants.
Like many bluesmen of his time, he travelled around playing to all-male audiences in sawmill, turpentine and levee camps along the Mississippi River, sometimes in a duo with Big Joe Williams, gathering a repertoire of raw, sexually explicit material.
He soon began recording for different labels under various names, including Easy Papa Johnson, Dobby Bragg, and Willie Kelly (for Victor Records from 1930 to 1933).
After he and Oden moved to Chicago, Sykes found his first period of fame when he signed a contract with Decca Records in 1934.
In Chicago, Sykes began to display an increasing urbanity in his songwriting, using an eight-bar blues pop gospel structure instead of the traditional twelve-bar blues.
After his contract with RCA Victor expired, he recorded for smaller labels, such as United, until his opportunities ran out in the mid-1950s.
When he returned to recording in the 1960s, it was for labels such as Delmark, Bluesville, Storyville and Folkways, which were documenting the quickly passing blues history.
Acid rock is a loosely defined type of rock music that evolved out of the mid-1960s garage punk movement and helped launch the psychedelic subculture.
Its distinctions from other genres can be tenuous, as much of the style overlaps with '60s punk, proto-metal, and early heavy, blues-based hard rock.
Acid rock distinguishes itself from other psychedelic rock styles by having a harder, louder, heavier, or rawer sound, and developed mainly from the American West Coast.
Such American groups did not focus on novelty recording effects or whimsy as much as subsequent British psychedelia, and instead emphasized the heavier qualities associated with both the positive and negative extremes of the psychedelic experience.
As the movement progressed into the late 1960s and 1970s, elements of acid rock split into two directions, with hard rock and heavy metal on one side and progressive rock on the other.
In the 1990s, the stoner metal genre combined acid rock with other hard rock styles such as grunge, updating the heavy riffs and long jams found in acid rock and psychedelic-influenced metal.
As a hard rock variant of psychedelia, acid rock evolved from the 1960s garage punk movement, with many of its bands eventually transforming into heavy metal acts.
Many bands associated with acid rock aimed to create a youth movement based on love and peace, as an alternative to workaholic capitalist society.
When played live at dance clubs, performances were accompanied by psychedelic-themed light shows in order to replicate the visual effects of the acid experience.
According to Laura Diane Kuhn, the heavier form of psychedelic rock known as acid rock developed from the late 1960s California music scene.
The Charlatans were among the first Bay Area acid rock bands, though Jefferson Airplane was the first Bay Area acid rock band to sign a major label and achieve mainstream success.
Other bands credited with creating or laying the foundation for acid rock include garage rock bands such as the 13th Floor Elevators and Count Five.
Originating in the early 1960s, garage punk was a mainly-American movement that involved R&B-inspired garage bands powered by electric guitars and organs.
It was mainly the domain of untrained teenagers fixated on sonic effects, such as wah-wah and fuzz tone, and relied heavily on riffs.
Acid rock often encompasses the more extreme side of the psychedelic rock genre, frequently containing a loud, improvised, and guitar-centered sound.
By the late 1960s, in addition to the deliberate use of distortion and feedback, acid rock was further characterized by long guitar solos and the frequent use of electronic organs.
At a time when many British psychedelic bands played whimsical or surrealistic psychedelic rock, many 1960s American rock bands, especially those from the West Coast, developed a rawer or harder version of psychedelic rock containing garage rock energy.
When contrasted with whimsical British psychedelia, this harder American West Coast variant of psychedelic rock has been referred to as acid rock.
American psychedelic rock and garage bands such as the 13th Floor Elevators epitomized the frenetic, darker and more psychotic sound of American acid rock, a sound characterized by droning guitar riffs, amplified feedback, and guitar distortion.
The acid rock of the San Francisco Sound heavily incorporated musical improvisation, jamming, repetitive drum beats, experimental sound and tape effects, and intentional feedback.
San Francisco acid rock generally took a non-commercial approach to song-writing: it often involved almost free jazz-like, free-form hard rock improvisations alongside distorted guitars, and lyrics often were socially conscious, trippy, or anti-establishment.
Many of the musicians in the scene, including bands such as the Charlatans and the Quicksilver Messenger Service, became involved in Ken Kesey's LSD-driven psychedelic scene, known as the Merry Pranksters.
In the 1960s, the heavy, blues-influenced, psychedelic hard rock sound of bands such as the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Deep Purple, and Cream was classified as acid rock.
Ultimately, Steppenwolf and other acid rock groups such as Cream, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and Led Zeppelin paved the way for the electrified, bluesy sound of early heavy metal.
At a time when rock music began to turn back to roots-oriented soft rock, many acid rock groups instead evolved into heavy metal bands.
As its own movement, heavy metal music continued to perpetuate characteristics of acid rock bands into at least the 1980s, and traces of psychedelic rock can be seen in the musical excesses of later metal bands.
In the 1990s, the stoner metal genre combined acid rock with other hard rock genres such as grunge, updating the heavy riffs and long jams found in the acid rock and psychedelic-influenced metal of bands such as Black Sabbath, Blue Cheer, Hawkwind, and Blue Öyster Cult.
In the 1970s, elements of psychedelic music split into two notable directions, evolving into the hard rock and heavy metal of Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Led Zeppelin on one side and into the progressive rock of bands such Pink Floyd and Yes on the other.
Bands such as Yes, Pink Floyd, King Crimson, and Emerson, Lake, and Palmer kept the psychedelic musical movement alive for some time, but eventually moved away from drug-themed music towards experiments in electronic music and the addition of classical music themes into rock music.
Such doors were originally used on horse-drawn carriages, but are rarely found on modern vehicles, primarily because they are perceived as being less safe than a front-hinged door.
The term suicide is (understandably) avoided by major automobile manufacturers in favor of alternatives such as coach doors (Rolls-Royce and Lincoln), flexdoors (Opel), freestyle doors (Mazda), rear access doors (Saturn), and rear-hinged doors (the preferred technical term).
In the era before seat belts, the accidental opening of such doors meant that there was a greater risk of falling out of the vehicle compared to front-hinged doors, where airflow pushed the doors closed rather than opening them further.
The best-known use of suicide doors on post-World War II American automobiles was the Lincoln Continental 4 door convertibles and sedans (1961–1969) and Ford Thunderbird 1967–1971 four-door sedans.
Due to increasing safety concerns, the last mass-produced car model with independently opening suicide doors sold in the United States was the Ford Thunderbird four-door sedan from 1967 to 1971.
In recent years, rear-hinged rear doors that cannot be opened until the front doors are opened have appeared on a number of vehicles, including extended-cab pickup trucks, the Saturn SC, the Saturn Ion Quad Coupe, the Honda Element, the Toyota FJ Cruiser, the BMW i3, and the Mazda RX-8.
Several concept cars have featured suicide doors, such as the Lincoln C, a hatchback with no B-pillar and rear suicide doors, or the Carbon Motors Corporation E7, a police car with rear suicide doors designed to aid officers getting handcuffed passengers in and out of the back seat.
Other car manufacturers which have produced models with suicide doors include Citroën, Lancia, Opel, Panhard, Rover, Saab, Saturn, Škoda, and Volkswagen.
Rear-hinged doors make entering and exiting a vehicle easier, allowing a passenger to enter by turning to sit and exit by stepping forward and out.
In Austin FX4 taxis, drivers were able to reach the rear door handle through the driver's window without getting out of the vehicle.
Additionally, rear-hinged doors also allow a better position for a person installing a child seat into the back seat of a vehicle than conventional doors, while being simpler and cheaper to build than the sliding doors commonly used on MPVs.
However, the most recent MPV in the compact MPV class with such doors has been the Opel Meriva B introduced in 2010.
The combination of front-hinged front doors and rear-hinged rear doors allows for a design without the B-pillar, creating a large opening for entering and exiting the vehicle as seen in the above photo.
When front doors are directly adjacent to rear suicide doors, exiting and entering the vehicle can be awkward if people try to use the front and back doors at the same time.
In recent years, car companies have addressed these hazards with such safety features as seat belts, and locks requiring front-hinged doors be open before permitting rear-hinged doors to open.
Jimmy Lee Ruffin (May 7, 1936 – November 17, 2014) was an American soul singer, and elder brother of David Ruffin of the Temptations.
In 1961, Jimmy became a singer as part of the Motown stable, mostly on sessions but also recording singles for its subsidiary Miracle label, but was then drafted for national service.
After leaving the Army in 1964, he returned to Motown, where he was offered the opportunity to join the Temptations to replace Elbridge Bryant.
However, after hearing his brother David, they hired him for the job instead so Jimmy decided to resume his solo career.
In 1966, he heard a song about unrequited love written for The Spinners, and persuaded the writers that he should record it himself.
It also initially reached #8 in the UK singles chart, rising to #4 when it was reissued in the UK in 1974.
As a solo artist, it would prove to be Ruffin's last significant chart appearance in America for many years, and his very last significant charting record for Motown in the US.
Later, Ruffin hosted a radio show in the UK for a time, and became an anti-drug advocate following the 1991 drug overdose death of his brother David.
On October 17, 2014, it was reported that he was gravely ill and had been taken into an intensive care unit at a Las Vegas hospital.
Ruffin is buried at Palm Memorial Park Northwest Cemetery, Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada in the Garden of Eternal Life Section.
Johnny Rivers (born John Henry Ramistella; November 7, 1942) is an American rock 'n' roll singer, songwriter, guitarist, and record producer.
Ramistella formed his own band, the Spades, and made his first record at 14, while he was a student at Baton Rouge High School.
His big break came in 1963, when he filled in for a jazz combo at Gazzarri's, a nightclub in Hollywood, where his instant popularity drew large crowds.
In 1964, Elmer Valentine gave Rivers a one-year contract to open at the Whisky a Go Go, on Sunset Strip in West Hollywood.
In the 1970s Rivers continued to record more songs and albums that were successes with music critics, but did not sell well.
In early 2000, Rivers recorded with Eric Clapton, Tom Petty and Paul McCartney on a tribute album dedicated to Buddy Holly's backup band, the Crickets.
This development was spearheaded by the Bee Gees with their $200 million lawsuit against RSO Records, the largest successful lawsuit against a record company by an artist or group.
His name has been suggested many times for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but he has never been selected.
On April 9, 2017, Rivers performed a song, accompanying himself on acoustic guitar, at the funeral for Chuck Berry, at The Pageant, in St. Louis, Missouri.
Primary is a 1960 Direct Cinema documentary film about the 1960 Wisconsin primary election between John F. Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey for the United States Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States.
Produced by Robert Drew, shot by Richard Leacock and Albert Maysles, and edited by D. A. Pennebaker, the film was a breakthrough in documentary film style.
Most importantly, through the use of mobile cameras and lighter sound equipment, the filmmakers were able to follow the candidates as they wound their way through cheering crowds, cram with them into crowded hotel rooms, and to hover around their faces as they awaited polling results.
This resulted in a greater intimacy than was possible with the older, more classical techniques of documentary filmmaking; and it established what has since become the standard style of video reporting.
The Robins were a successful and influential American R&B group of the late 1940s and 1950s, one of the earliest such vocal groups who established the basic pattern for the doo-wop sound.
In 1955, the group disagreed over whether to remain on the West Coast or sign with Atlantic Records and move to the East Coast.
Music producers and songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller took former Robins members Nunn and Carl Gardner, recruited singers Leon Hughes and Billy Guy, and formed the Coasters.
The show's format is similar to that of other late-night shows, Robin makes jokes about recent news, shows sketches, and talks to a guest in the studio.
Ram-raiding is a type of burglary in which a van, truck, SUV, car, or other heavy vehicle is driven through the windows or doors of a closed shop, usually a department store or jeweller's shop, to allow the perpetrators to loot it.
The term came into widespread use after a series of such raids in Belfast in 1979 that was covered in news reports and in countries such as Australia that inspired a series of similar crimes.
Another solution is security guards, but round-the-clock teams are expensive and often not the most economical way of dealing with ram-raiding.
The is a major railway line operated by the Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) between Mojikō in Kitakyushu, and Kagoshima Station in Kagoshima City, at the southern end of Kyushu.
Until March 13, 2004, it extended 393 km between its two termini; however, with the opening of the Kyushu Shinkansen on March 13, the section between Yatsushiro and Sendai was transferred to the third-sector Hisatsu Orange Railway Company.
It is the main line through the Fukuoka urban district, and as such many long-distance express trains from all parts of Kyushu use the section between Kokura Station (Kitakyushu) and Tosu Station, where the Nagasaki Main Line meets the Kagoshima Main Line.
The Kyushu Railway opened the 197 km Mojiko - Hakata - Kumamoto section between 1889 and 1891, extended the line south to Yatsushiro by 1896 and the company was nationalised in 1907.
At the southern end the line from Kagoshima to Hayato (now part of the Nippo Main Line) opened as part of the Hisatsu Line in 1901.
The Hayato to Yoshimatsu section of the Hisatsu line opened in 1903, the Yatsushiro to Hitoyoshi section opened in 1908, and the Hitoyoshi to Yoshimatsu section in 1909, providing the original connection from Kagoshima to Yatsushiro.
The Kagoshima to Sendai line opened between 1913 and 1914, and the Sendai to Yatsushiro section opened between 1922 and 1927, at which time this route replaced the Hisatsu Line to become the southern part of the Kagoshima Main Line.
In 2004, following the opening of the Kagoshima to Shin-Yatsushiro section of the Kyushu Shinkansen, the Yatsushiro to Sendai section was transferred to the third-sector Hisatsu Orange Railway.
The 14 km Kokura to Kurosaki section (on a new alignment to the west of the original line) opened in 1908, and was completed to Hakata by 1913.
The line was double-tracked south of Hakata to Tosu between 1917 and 1921, with Tosu to Hizen Asahi opening 1934, and to Kurume in 1942.
The original Kokura to Kurosaki alignment avoided the coastline due to the Japanese army expressing concern at the vulnerability of a coastal route to enemy naval gunfire.
However, following Japan's success in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War, this concern diminished and the Kokura to Kurosaki section was rebuilt (and duplicated) on a new easier (though 3 km longer) alignment to the west of the original line in 1908.
The original 11 km section was then renamed the Okura Line and operated until 1911, when it closed together with the Kokura Bypass line.
Bruce was the second son of Sir William Waller Bruce, 10th Baronet (1856–1912) and his wife Angelica Lady Bruce (died 1917), daughter of General George Selby, Royal Artillery.
He received his formal education at The Grange School in Stevenage, and from 1908 to 1912 at Abingdon School in Abingdon-on-Thames.
At Abingdon he was a keen sportsman, playing for the first XI cricket team (for which he received Colours), the athletics' first team and the school's football 2nd XI.
In 1912, Bruce left school at the age of 17, and took up a position as a stockbroker's clerk in the City of London.
In early 1914, whilst working in the City he voluntarily enlisted into the British Army's Territorial Force as an infantry soldier with the Honourable Artillery Company as its Private #852.
On the outbreak of World War 1 in early August 1914, he was mobilized with the regiment, and went out to the Western Front with its 1st Battalion on 18 September 1914 at the age of 19.
On 5 January 1915, whilst in trenches at Kemmel in Belgium, he was machine-gunned in the legs, causing multiple wounds and a fractured right thigh, and was subsequently medically evacuated to the United Kingdom, where he spent the rest of 1915 recovering in hospital.
He was discharged from the British Army as medically unfit for further military service due to permanent damage to his legs in December 1915.
After being discharged from the British Army, Bruce abandoned a career in the City of London Stock Exchange, and pursued a career as a professional actor.
In 1934, he moved to Hollywood, U.S., as his career there became a success he set up a home at 701 North Alpine Drive, Beverly Hills in the latter half of the 1930s.
Bruce's career signature role was that of Dr. Watson in the 1939–1946 Sherlock Holmes film series, alongside his friend Basil Rathbone playing Holmes.
Though for most viewers Nigel Bruce formed their vision of Dr. Watson, Holmes purists have long objected that the Watson of the books was intelligent and capable (although not an outstanding detective), and that Bruce's portrayal made Watson intellectually dimmer and more bumbling than the literary figure.
Loren D. Estleman wrote of Bruce: Rathbone, however, spoke highly of Bruce's portrayal, saying that Watson was one of the screen's most lovable characters.
Since then, most major modern adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, especially since the 1970s, have consciously defied the popular stereotype, and depicted Watson faithfully as a capable man of action.
Unlike some of his contemporaries, and along with other British actors such as Basil Rathbone and Charlie Chaplin, Bruce maintained his British citizenship, despite long residence in the United States.
His body was subsequently cremated, with his ashes being placed in a niche at the Chapel of the Pines Crematory in Los Angeles.
The Saltonstall family is a Boston Brahmin family from the U.S. state of Massachusetts, notable for having had a family member attend Harvard University from every generation since Nathaniel Saltonstall—later one of the more principled judges at the Salem Witch Trials—graduated in 1659.
Dorothy Elsie Wilkinson (born October 9, 1921) is an American former softball player and bowler who is a member of the halls of fame of both sports.
Wilkinson played softball from 1933 to 1965, helping her team, the Phoenix Ramblers, to the national title in 1940, 1948, and 1949.
Wilkinson occasionally attends high school, college and tournament softball games in Arizona, where she and some of her former teammates are honored frequently.
A derivative of the A129, the TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK, is being developed by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) in cooperation with AgustaWestland.
In 1972, the Italian Army began forming a requirement for a light observation and anti-tank helicopter; around the same time, the West German military had identified a similar need.
The two nations' requirements led to a joint project being initiated between the Italian company Agusta and West German company MBB; however, the joint effort was soon dissolved following preliminary work.
Agusta had initially studied the development of a combat-oriented derivative of their existing A109 helicopter, however they decided to proceed with the development of a more ambitious helicopter design.
On 11 September 1983, the first of five A129 prototypes made the type's maiden flight; the fifth prototype would first fly in March 1986.
According to defence publication Jane's Information Group, by 1985, the A129 was considered to be a comparable attack helicopter to the American-built McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apache, and showed potential on the export market.
During the 1980s, Agusta sought to partner with Westland Helicopters to develop a common light attack helicopter, other prospective manufacturing participants in the joint initiative included Fokker and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA.
By 1988, feasibility studies for four different options had been conducted for the LAH, these would have between 80 per cent and 20 per cent growth over the initial A129; both single-engine and twin-engine configurations were examined using various new powerplants, as well as a new rotor system, retractable landing gear, improved sensors and more powerful armament.
However, the LAH project collapsed in 1990 following Britain and the Netherlands independently deciding to withdraw from the program and eventually procure the AH-64 Apache instead.
The A129I featured a five-bladed main rotor (early production aircraft employed a four-bladed main rotor), a pair of LHTEC T800 engines (replacing the Rolls-Royce Gem engines) and an upgraded transmission; the A129I also had new weapons and electronic warfare systems.
In 1998, the Italian Army had decided to upgrade a portion of their A129 fleet with many of the A129I's systems, the first of the remanufactured helicopters was delivered in 2002.
During the Australian Army's AIR 87 project to procure a new Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter fleet, the Agusta A129 was one of the contenders; it was one of the three attack helicopters, alongside the AH-64 Apache and the Eurocopter Tiger, to be short-listed out of the six tenders submitted.
Turkey had sought a new attack helicopter since the 1990s to replace their diminished Bell AH-1 Cobra and Bell AH-1 SuperCobra fleets.
Following a highly protracted selection process, in September 2007, an order was issued for 51 TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK helicopters, a variant of the A129 International.
As a part of the deal with AgustaWestland, Turkish defense firm TAI acquired the rights for future manufacturing of the T129; TAI intends to produce the T129 for export customers.
The A129 Mangusta is the first European attack helicopter; as such it has several original aspects to its design, such as being the first helicopter to make use of a fully computerised integrated management system to reduce crew workload.
It was decided that much of the helicopter's functionality was to be automated; as such, parts of the flight and armament systems are monitored and directly controlled by onboard computers.
The A129 shares considerable design similarities to Agusta's earlier A109 utility helicopter; the rear section of the A129 was derived from the A109 and incorporated to an entirely new forward section.
The A129's fuselage is highly angular and armoured for ballistic protection; the composite rotor blades are also able to withstand hits from 23mm cannon fire.
The A129 can also be equipped with 81 mm or 70 mm (2.75 in) unguided rockets; a M197 three-barrel 20 mm cannon is also installed onto a nose-mounted Oto Melara TM-197B turret.
Power is provided by a pair of Rolls-Royce Gem 2-1004D turboshaft engines, the engines have been designed to incorporate infrared heat signature reduction measures.
One of the key protective measures incorporated onto the A129 include the electronic warfare and SIAP (Single Integrated Air Picture) self-protection suite.
The A129 is equipped with infrared night vision systems and is capable of operating at day or night in all-weather conditions.
Laser systems are fitted onto newer aircraft for range-finding and target designation purposes, the A129 can laser-designate targets for other friendly aircraft to attack.
On the AW129D, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems's Toplite III sight is used as the primary targeting system; it is able to act as a FLIR and has both manual and automatic target tracking modes, Toplite also provides a greater detection and identification range than the 1970s era HeliTOW sensor it replaced.
In 1998, Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) formally partnered with Agusta to offer various avionics and weapons upgrades to potential A129 operators; various IAI technologies have since been proposed and implemented on Italian A129s.
In 1999, AgustaWestland received a contract to produce the last batch of 15 A129s to the new combat CBT configuration; in late 2001, the Italian Army opted to have all of their A129s retrofitted to the improved A129 CBT standard.
As of 2011, AgustaWestland plans to modify a total of 24 A129s to the new ARH-129D aerial reconnaissance standard and manufacture a further 24 new-built ARH-129Ds for the Italian Army.
In Italian service, the Mangusta has successfully deployed on several United Nations missions in nations such as the Republic of Macedonia, Somalia and Angola.
The A-129 proved to be suitable in the peacekeeping role and well-suited to operations in hot climates; the type was reported to have been highly reliable and extremely flexible during the deployment to Somalia.
The upgrades, which are to enter service prior to 2020, focus on increasing the A129's endurance, speed, situational awareness, and information-handling capabilities; other goals included a reduction in pilot workload and integrating the aircraft with future tactical UAVs.
A revealed alternative that was considered and rejected was the replacement of the type with an attack-orientated variant of the newer AgustaWestland AW149 helicopter, upgrading the existing A129s was considered to be less risky and time-consuming.
In March 2016, the Italian government announced that it was deploying four A129 attack helicopters and four NHIndustries NH90 transport helicopters along with 130 personnel to the Kurdistan region of Iraq to perform combat search and rescue mission as part of a multinational effort to help combat Islamic State militants within the region and specifically to protect the Mosul Dam.
The wild tomatillo and related plants are found everywhere in the Americas except in the far north, with the highest diversity in Mexico.
In 2017, scientists reported on their discovery and analysis of a fossil tomatillo found in the Patagonian region of Argentina, dated to 52 million years BP.
Tomatillos were domesticated in Mexico before the coming of Europeans, and played an important part in the culture of the Maya and the Aztecs, more important than the tomato.
Transplants that were produced indoors need to harden off in a warm, sunny place for a few days before being planted outside.
Irrigation frequency is depending on weather and crop's growth stage from once or twice a week to daily during hot weather periods.
A single plant produces 60 to 200 fruits within a single growing season, with an average yield of about 9 tons per acre.
Purple and red-ripening cultivars often have a slight sweetness, unlike the green- and yellow-ripening cultivars, so generally are used in jams and preserves.
Another characteristic is they tend to have a varying degree of a sappy, sticky coating, mostly when used on the green side out of the husk.
Tomatillos can also be dried to enhance the sweetness of the fruit in a way similar to dried cranberries, with a hint of tomato flavor.
The tomatillo flavor is used in fusion cuisines for blending flavors from Latin American dishes with those of Europe and North America.
They are typically about one meter in height, and can either be compact and upright or prostrate with a wider, less dense canopy.
Tomatillo can thus produce seeds through self-pollination due to the involvement of self-compatibility traits but the germination viability is different throughout the produced seeds.
Symptoms of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, including chlorotic margins and interveinal yellowing, were found in several tomato and tomatillo crops in Mexico and Guatemala in 2006.
Turnip mosaic virus was discovered in several tomatillo crops in California in 2011, rendering 2% of commercially grown tomatillo plants unmarketable, with severe stunting and leaf distortion.
The green peach aphid is a common pest in California, and since it readily transmits the turnip mosaic virus, this could be a threat to tomatillo production in California.
Marks was a neighborhood friend of the original band members while growing up in Hawthorne, California, and was a frequent participant at the Wilson family Sunday night singalongs.
Afterward, Marks worked with acts including Casey Kasem's Band Without a Name, the Moon, Delaney & Bonnie, Colours and Warren Zevon, and studied jazz and classical guitar at the Berklee College of Music and the New England Conservatory.
At age seven, David Lee Marks moved into a house across the street from the family home of the three Wilson brothers, Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, later to become the founding members of The Beach Boys.
When they got older, Brian started sleeping in the den more and more, which was a converted garage they had turned into a music room.
Inspired by a 1958 performance by guitarist John Maus (later of the 1960s Walker Brothers), Marks asked his parents to buy him a guitar, which they did on Christmas Eve, 1958.
Over the next couple of months, Brian experimented with various combinations of musicians, including his mother Audree Wilson, but was not able to secure interest from a major label.
Writing about the difference between the Beach Boys' Candix Records single and their first Capitol Records release, Stebbins stated: Compared to 'Surfin', this was metal.
And the tiny amateurish guitar sound and lazy feel of the [earlier demo] World Pacific version of 'Surfin' Safari' had now transformed into something crisp and modern.
Marks also played over 100 concerts with the Beach Boys, toured across the United States with them, and appeared on their first string of national TV appearances.
While his time in the band was relatively short, Marks contributed to their tightly-knit foundational sound, as well as their youthful look on the early Beach Boys' album covers.
Although it is often assumed that Marks left the Beach Boys because Jardine wanted to return to the band, this was not the case.
Jardine initially returned on a part-time basis to fill-in on bass for Brian Wilson, who had already begun to detach himself from the touring band as early as the spring of 1963.
At the height of their first initial wave of international success, Marks quit the Beach Boys in late August 1963 toward the end of the group's summer tour during an argument with Murry Wilson, the Wilson boys' father and the band's manager, but did not immediately leave the band until later that year when his parents and Murry came to blows over financial and managerial issues.
The first show without Marks on guitar was October 19, 1963, though he would stay friends and be in close contact with various band members for many years, and he would remain, unbeknownst to him, a legal member of the Beach Boys until September 27, 1967.
In February 1963, Dennis Wilson was injured in a car accident and his replacement was Mark Groseclose, who went to high school with Carl Wilson.
The band was initially a side project for the aspiring songwriter, who was growing tired of his songs being passed over for Beach Boys records by Murry Wilson.
After Marks left the Beach Boys, the Marksmen became his full-time focus, becoming one of the first acts to be signed to Herb Alpert's A&M Records in 1964.
Later, the group signed with (and released a single on) Warner Bros. Records, but in spite of packed concert venues up and down the state of California, lack of airplay precluded any further releases.
He then worked with the late 1960s psychedelic pop band, The Moon, along with Matt Moore, Larry Brown, and David Jackson.
By the time Marks was 21 years old, he had been signed to five label deals and had grown disillusioned with the Los Angeles music scene.
In 1969, he relocated to Boston, where he studied jazz and classical guitar as a private student at the Berklee College of Music and the New England Conservatory of Music in 1970–71.
In early 1971, after reuniting onstage in Boston with the Beach Boys, despite a public and chilly reception from Bruce Edwards, Marks received an offer from Mike Love to rejoin the band, but he declined.
Marks was also offered the lead guitarist spot in Paul Revere and the Raiders, but turned down the offer because he did not want to dress up in a revolutionary war-era costume every time he played a show.
In 1988, when the Beach Boys were inducted into The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Marks was neither invited nor acknowledged at the ceremony, an oversight which was finally rectified in 2007.
Marks eventually rejoined the Beach Boys as a full-time member playing lead guitar in 1997, when Carl Wilson, fighting cancer, was unable to continue touring with the group.
After playing another 300 shows as an official Beach Boy again, Marks left the band for a second time in 1999 due to his own health issues when he was diagnosed with hepatitis C.
On May 20, 2005, the original Beach Boys six-man line-up (including both Marks and Jardine) was memorialized on the Beach Boys Historic Landmark in Hawthorne, California.
On December 16, 2011 it was announced that Marks would be reuniting with Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston for a new Beach Boys album and 50th anniversary tour in 2012.
The group appeared at the 2012 Grammy Awards on February 12, followed by a 50-date tour that began in Tucson, Arizona in April.
He and Carl committed on playing guitar since they were ten years old and were neighbors with each other from across the street in Hawthorne.
Following the 50th anniversary tour, it was announced that Marks along with Wilson and Jardine would no longer continue to tour with Johnston and Love; instead, Marks appeared with Jardine and Wilson along with Wilson's band for a short summer tour in 2013 featuring the three.
The following fall, Wilson, Jardine, and Marks joined guitar legend Jeff Beck for a 23 city tour, the foursome appearing on the Jimmy Fallon show to promote their tour.
For 2015, Marks and Jardine added vocals to Wilson's solo album (released April 2015); however, Marks was not a part of Wilson's Summer tour to promote the album, instead making several appearances with Love/Johnston's Beach Boys group during the rest of 2015.
Marks and his wife, Carrieann, relocated to southern California in 2013 after living for a decade in North Salem, New York.
Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) is a service of high-speed rail in Spain operated by Renfe, the Spanish national railway company, at speeds of up to .
As of August 2017, the Spanish AVE system is the longest HSR network in Europe with and the second longest in the world, after China's.
AVE trains are operated by RENFE, but private companies may be allowed to operate trains in the future using other brands, in accordance with European Union legislation.
Some TGV-derived trains used to run on the broad-gauge network at slower speeds, but these were branded separately as Euromed until new rolling stock was commissioned for these services.
Towards the end of the 1980s a new line was planned to join the Castilian Meseta with Andalusia without passing through the Despeñaperros Natural Park.
After considering various options it was decided that a standard-gauge line, allowing for Spain's first high-speed rail link, would be built.
Seven days later on 21 April 1992 commercial service began with six daily services stopping at Madrid, Seville, Córdoba, Puertollano and Ciudad Real.
Seville's hosting of the 1992 World's Fair prompted the choice of that city for the inaugural AVE line, with its being the home town of then Spanish president Felipe Gonzalez also playing some role.
Seville is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain and the , after Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia, with a population of over 700,000 and a metropolitan area of almost 1.5 million people.
In 1994 AVE trains on the Madrid–Seville line began to run at 300 km/h, cutting journey times by at least 40 minutes and covering the 471 km in hours, though it is unlikely that much of a saving came from the increase in maximum speed, because only a small section of the line near Los Yébenes has the alignments for 300 km/h operation.
The maximum permitted speed is 270 km/h between Atocha station and Brazatortas, save for the approaches to the intermediate stations (Atocha, Ciudad Real and Puertollano).
Beyond Brazatortas, the line is only authorised for 250 km/h operation, which drops to 215 km/h in the Sierra Morena mountains and 90 km/h around Córdoba station.
The last segment of the Madrid–Málaga high-speed rail line was completed on 24 December 2007 when the new high speed railway section between the cities of Córdoba and Málaga was inaugurated.
It is a standard gauge railway line of 155 km in length and is designed for speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph).
In October 2015 an extension of the Madrid-Seville high-speed rail line to Cádiz was completed after 14 years of works and put in service by Alvia trains for speeds up to 200 km/h.
In November 2003 a new service began between Seville and Córdoba using new class 104 trains, reducing journey times between the two cities to 40 minutes.
In 2005 the brand was renamed RENFE Avant, and all services started to use trains, leaving class 100 for AVE services.
The construction of a stretch of high-speed line from Madrid to Toledo allowed the inauguration of a medium distance service in November 2005.
The high-speed link combined with high property prices in Madrid has encouraged many Madrid commuters to settle in Ciudad Real, the first stop on the Madrid–Seville line.
There has, however, been controversy over the construction of this line as the change to standard-gauge track meant that towns such as Getafe, Aranjuez and Algodor, which now have no commercial services, lost their direct services to Toledo.
Furthermore, since Toledo is now connected by standard-gauge track it is impossible for other passenger or goods trains to reach it that have not come from other high-speed lines.
The Madrid–Zaragoza –Barcelona line was inaugurated on 20 February 2008, after parts of the line had operated since 2003 (Madrid–Zaragoza–Lleida) and 2006 (Lleida–Tarragona).
This line is currently one of the world's fastest long-distance trains in commercial operation, with non-stop trains covering the between the two cities in just 2 hours 30 minutes, and those calling at all stations in 3 hours 10 minutes.
The first instalment of a high-speed rail corridor in the north and north-west of Spain was the 179.6 km section Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid which was put in operation on 22 December 2007.
Valladolid will become the hub for all AVE lines connecting the north and north-west of Spain with the rest of the country.
On April 24, 2010, it was announced a 55 km high-speed spur would leave the Madrid–Valladolid route at Segovia and continue to Ávila.
In the north-west of Spain the Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line is scheduled to be completed in 2019 when the Olmedo–Zamora–Santiago de Compostela part will be connected to the Madrid–Leon line at Olmedo south of Valladolid.
The 87.1 km northern section between Ourense and Santiago de Compostela was inaugurated in December 2011 and the 107 km southern section, between Olmedo (130 km north of Madrid on the Madrid–Leon line) and Zamora entered revenue service on 17 December 2015 by Alvia trains.
This line will be connected in the region of Galicia with the 156 km Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line that connects the cities of Vigo and A Coruña via Santiago de Compostela.
The Atlantic Axis was inaugurated in April 2015 and the section A Coruña–Santiago de Compostela opened in 2009 and was electrified in 2011.
On 22 January 2018 the extension section of the line to Castellón was inaugurated introducing a new AVE service Madrid-Castellón which cut the journey time between the two cities by further 30 minutes to total 2 hours and 25 minutes.
The AVE service from Madrid to Murcia is expected to be operational by 2020, and work is being prepared to extend the line to Cartagena.
When fully operational the Madrid–Levante network will total 955 km of high-speed rail connecting Madrid, Cuenca, Albacete, Valencia, Alicante, Elche, Castellón, Murcia and Cartagena.
A milestone for the AVE network was reached in December 2013 when it was connected to the rest of Europe via France.
The connecting link was the construction of the Barcelona–Figueres section of the Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed line, an extension of the Madrid–Barcelona line, completed in January 2013 at a cost of €3.7 billion.
The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's Puerta de Atocha, except for the Madrid–León line, which terminates at Chamartín station.
They can run on high-speed lines at a maximum of , and can also change between standard- and Iberian-gauge lines without stopping.
Currently there are five corridors with ten main lines in operation, and two spur lines connecting the cities of Toledo with the Madrid–Seville main line and Huesca with the Madrid–Barcelona main line.
The Madrid–Zamora line is the open section of the under construction Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line connecting Madrid to Zamora via Segovia.
The Atlantic Axis high-speed railway line is connecting the two main cities of Vigo and A Coruña (Corunna) via Santiago de Compostela in the northwestern Spanish region of Galicia.
The railway, 155.6 km in length, is an upgrade of the former non electrified single railway line between the town of Ferrol and the Portuguese border for the part between A Coruña and Vigo, into a double electrified high-speed line.
The new railway was inaugurated in April 2015 and shortened the distance between the two cities by 22 km, from 178 km to 156 km, and cut the travel time from around 3 hours on the old railway down to 1 hour and 20 minutes on the new one.
The line will be connected at Santiago de Compostela with the Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line, which as of 2019 is under construction.
Madrid–Barcelona high-speed railway line connects Madrid with Barcelona in the north east of Spain passing through the cities of Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza (Saragossa), Lleida (Lérida) and Tarragona where the future Tarragona–Valencia high-speed railway line will connect.
The line has a length of 621 km and a travel time of two and a half hours for the direct trains using the route avoiding entering Zaragoza (Saragossa) and Lleida (Lérida).
Direct trains Barcelona–Seville and Barcelona–Malaga that do not make a stop in Madrid are also scheduled combining the Madrid–Barcelona line with one of the southern corridor's existing lines.
Nine Spanish services initially serviced the line, with 8 being a through service to Madrid, which also connected with two French TGV services from Paris.
The Zaragoza–Huesca section branches off from the Madrid–Barcelona line at Zaragoza and connects with the city of Huesca and serves the connection train station for regional trains in the town of Tardienta.
The Madrid–Castellón line connects the city of Castellón with the city of Madrid passing through the cities of Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia.
Direct trains to Valencia cover the 391 km in 98 minutes while thirty trains run every day between 05:00 and 21:00, fifteen in each direction.
For the service Madrid–Castellón AVE trains cover the distance in 2 hours and 25 minutes and 4 trains per day are scheduled, two in each direction.
Direct trains Valencia–Seville that do not make a stop in Madrid are also scheduled combining the existing lines of Madrid–Castellón and Madrid-Seville.
A 350 km/h line branches off from the Madrid–Castellón Line and connects the city of Alicante with the city of Madrid passing through the cities of Cuenca, Albacete and Villena.
Direct trains Toledo–Albacete were also scheduled in the past, combining four of the existing lines, but this service was eventually terminated due to low demand.
The Madrid–Seville high-speed railway line connects Madrid with Seville in the south of Spain, passing through the cities of Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba, where the Madrid–Málaga high-speed rail line branches off towards Málaga just outside Los Mochos near Almodóvar del Río.
The route travels across the plains of Castile, travelling through the Sierra Morena mountains just before reaching Córdoba, before going onward towards Seville through the largely flat land surrounding the Guadalquivir river.
The Madrid–Seville line was the first dedicated passenger high-speed rail line to be built in Spain and was completed in time for Seville's Expo 92.
The extension section of the Madrid-Seville high-speed rail line to Cádiz is served by Alvia trains that connect the city of Cádiz to Madrid and reach speeds up to 200 km/h in this section.
The line shares a common section with the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line up to the city of Córdoba and then includes a 155 km long spur line up to the city of Málaga.
Apart from the traffic to and from the city of Málaga, the line also handles the traffic to the cities of Granada and Algeciras.
The Avant service between the two cities offers journey times of half an hour on trains with a maximum speed of 250 km/h.
The three times per day AVE service between Madrid Atocha and Granada covers the distance of 568 km in 3 h 5 min.
Also, there is a single daily service in each direction running along the Barcelona–Seville, Barcelona–Málaga, and Barcelona-Granada routes, which uses the high-speed bypass around Madrid to avoid reversing the direction of train in Atocha station.
The electric line is currently being installed, with these works expected to be completed in early 2018, and service started within the same year.
The Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line will connect the city of Madrid with the region of Galicia and the Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line in the North West of Spain via Santiago de Compostela.
The line will include a new 424 km long high-speed railway section that starts at Olmedo 130 km to the north of Madrid on the Madrid–Leon high-speed rail line and ends at Santiago de Compostela.
Construction on the northernmost part of this section between the cities of Ourense and Santiago de Compostela began late 2004 and this part was inaugurated in December 2011.
Constructions on the central part, which crosses some of Spain's most remote and fragile nature areas, are expected be completed by end 2019.
The new under construction section branches off the Valladolid–Vitoria high-speed section at Venta de Baños: 205 km north of Madrid and then reaches the cities of Oviedo and Gijón via Palencia and León.
Construction started in 2009 (except variante de pajares which started 2003) and reached León in September 2015 and expected to reach Oviedo and Gijón after 2020.
Originally it was to be used as a mixed-use high-speed railway line, but it has since been changed to a passenger-dedicated railway line, leaving the existing railway line for freight trains.
However, due to delays the line is not expected to open before 2023, although the Valladolid–Burgos section is expected to enter full revenue service in 2019.
However, due to delays in construction, the line is expected to put in service in 2023 according to the new estimations.
The three Basque capitals will be further connected with Madrid via Valladolid, and with the French border via Irun and Bayonne.
The tunnel passes under the streets of Provença and Mallorca, using a short part of the Diagonal to link between these streets.
In the Carrer de Mallorca, the tunnel passes directly in front of Gaudí's masterpiece, the basilica of the Sagrada Família, and in the Carrer de Provença, another Gaudí work, the Casa Milà.
In a long campaign against this route, the Board of the Sagrada Família and other parties argued that the tunnel would damage the church, whose construction is still in progress.
Rail traffic is planned to start in 2012, initially without stops at the La Sagrera station, which is expected to be completed in 2016.
In March 2012, railway equipment was installed, with a special elastic isolation of the rails in order to dampen vibrations at the sections passing close to Gaudí's architectural works, using the Edilon system.
This is an under construction section, part of the Madrid–Levante network of high-speed railways connecting the capital with the Mediterranean coast.
Consisting of of railways with an estimated cost of 12.5 billion euros, it is the most expensive high-speed railway project in Spain.
The network will consist of both dedicated passenger high-speed railways designed for trains running above and high-speed railways shared with freight trains.
The network is to be opened in stages, starting with the Madrid–Valencia/Albacete section, which was opened in December 2010, followed by Albacete–Alicante in June 2013, Valencia–Castellón in January 2018, while Valencia–Alicante is expected to follow in 2019 and finally reaching the city of Murcia by 2020 with a branch line to Cartagena.
The southern Andalusian transverse high-speed railway line is a 503.7-kilometre railway running between the cities of Huelva and Almería, passing the cities of Seville and Granada.
The line is designed for speeds up to 250 kilometres per hour, except for the 130-kilometre Antequera–Granada and the 103-kilometre Seville–Huelva parts of the line, which are designed for speeds in excess of 300 kilometres per hour.
When finished the journey between Huelva and Almería in the new line is estimated to last 3 hours and 35 minutes.
The first section of the line between Antequera and Granada was put in service on 26 June 2019 connecting the city of Granada to the rest of the high speed network via the Madrid–Málaga high-speed rail line.
This high-speed railway line will be part passenger-dedicated high-speed railway (Madrid–Alcázar de San Juan) and part shared with freight trains (Alcázar de San Juan–Jaén).
From Alcázar de San Juan the existing railway line will be upgraded to allow passenger trains to run up to 250 km/h; a new double-tracked route through the Despeñaperros mountain range will be built to replace the existing single-tracked route.
An extension of the line to Granada is being investigated; however, the complicated terrain between Jaén and Granada might make it uneconomical.
The journey from the centre of Barcelona to the centre of Girona takes now 37 minutes (compared to the hour and a half it took), and to Figueres in 53 minutes (instead of two hours).
One lacking high-speed section on the French side, between Montpellier and Nîmes, is scheduled to open in July 2018, allowing almost continuous high-speed travel from the French high-speed network to the Spanish one.
The French government, on the other hand, recently announced indefinite delays to the Montpellier-Perpignan high speed section that was originally planned for 2020.
The final section between Almería and Algeciras, passing through Málaga, will be built at a later point of time and an alternative and longer route looks likely.
This line was initially planned as Lisbon–Madrid high-speed rail line in order to connect the two peninsular capitals, Madrid and Lisbon in 2 hours and 45 minutes.
This line had been a key issue in bilateral summits in recent years and was about to link Spain's high-speed rail network with the planned High-speed rail in Portugal, a project announced by the Portuguese government in February 2009.
Both Spanish and Portuguese track were to be completed around 2013, later the Portuguese government brought forward its plans from 2015 but the Portuguese froze works in June 2011 and eventually cancelled the project in March 2012.
In 2016 the European Union's European Regional Development Fund, gave Spain €205.1m towards the €312.1m needed for the track between Navalmoral de la Mata and Mérida, Spain.
With a length of 439 km on the Spanish side, of which 48 km are part of the already built Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line, it will connect cities like Talavera de la Reina, Navalmoral de la Mata, Plasencia, Cáceres, Mérida and Badajoz.
It is a concrete arch bridge with a span of 384 meters (1,260 feet), ranking among the longest in the world of this type of bridge.
Finally, the Madrid–Barcelona line currently terminates in Barcelona's Estació de Sants, but a new station is under construction at La Sagrera on the northern edge of the city.
In the long term, the Spanish government has an ambitious plan to make of high-speed railway operational, with all provincial capitals at most only 4 hours from Madrid, and hours from Barcelona.
This plan initially had a ten-year scope, ending in 2020, and its ambition was to make the network reach by the end of that year.
When both programs will be completed, the Spanish high-speed network will be the most extensive network in Europe, with several operational links with France and Portugal, and this is the most ambitious high-speed rail plan in the European Union.
The 430 km high-speed line will connect Ferrol in Galicia with Bilbao in the Basque Country passing through the regions of Asturias and Cantabria along the Cantabrian Sea coast in the north Spain.
The line will be further connected to the Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line on the west, the Basque Y high-speed railway line on the east and the north corridor (future Madrid-Gijón high-speed railway line) in Asturias region.
The travel time between El Ferrol and Bilbao in the new line is estimated to last 1 hour and 48 minutes.
The line will connect the Valencian Community with the Basque Country region and the French border passing through the regions of Aragon, Navarre and La Rioja, with further connection to the TGV network via Irun towards Bordeaux and Paris.
The line will include two connections between the region of Aragon and the Basque Country, one via Pamplona in Navarre towards the French border and one via Logroño in La Rioja towards Bilbao.
The travel time between Valencia and Bilbao in the new high-speed line will be decreased from 9 hours down to roughly 4 hours.
A new high-capacity rail connecting Spain with France on international standard gauge track is considered via a 40 km tunnel through the central Pyrenees mountains.
The line, also called Trans-Pyrenean Central Corridor () or TCP project, will serve both passenger high-speed trains as well as large freight trains and will connect directly Zaragoza to Toulouse via Huesca a distance of 355 km in length.
Ten possible alternatives are being considered for crossing the mountains, all of them including tunnels at low altitude and other possible stops include Tarbes or Pau.
A new high-speed line is planned to branch off from the current Madrid–Leon high-speed rail line at Palencia and as a part of the north corridor will connect the region of Cantabria to the high-speed rail network with direct connection to Madrid.
An agreement for completing the line by the end of 2015 was signed on 11 August 2010 including the agreement to call tenders for the section between Palencia and Villaprovedo before the end of March 2011 and for the Villaprovedo – Reinosa section before the end of 2012.
Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea.
They accept the leadership of the Bishop of Rome, known as the papal primacy, and therefore are in full communion with the Catholic Church, including both the Latin Church and the 22 other Eastern Catholic Churches.
The 451 Council of Chalcedon caused problems for the Armenian Church which formally broke off communion with the Chalcedonian Churches at the 3rd Synod of Dvin in 610, some Armenian bishops and congregations especially the Church of Caucasian Albania made attempts to restore communion with the Chalcedonian Churches after the 6th Ecumenical Council of 681.
During the Crusades, the Church of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia entered into a union with the Catholic Church, an attempt that did not last.
The union was later re-established during the Council of Florence in 1439, but did not have any real effects for centuries.
In Medieval China, Armenians in China were converted to Catholicism by John of Montecorvino in Beijing and there was also an Armenian Franciscan Catholic community in Quanzhou.
An Armenian Catholic community was also previously formed by Armenians living in Poland in 1630s the Armenian bishop of Leopolis (see Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv), Nicholas (Polish: Mikołaj) Torosowicz had entered into union with the Catholic Church.
The community which had been historically centered in Galicia as well as in the pre-1939 Polish borderlands in the east, was after World War II expelled to present-day Poland and now has three parishes: in Gdańsk, in Gliwice and in Warsaw.
The church belongs to the group of Eastern Rite Catholic churches and uses the Armenian Rite and the Armenian language in its liturgy.
The Armenian Rite is also used by both the Armenian Apostolic Church and by a significant number of Eastern Catholic Christians in the Republic of Georgia.
Unlike the Byzantine Church, churches of the Armenian rite are usually devoid of icons and have a curtain concealing the priest and the altar from the people during parts of the liturgy.
The use of bishop's mitre and of unleavened bread is reminiscent of the influence Western missionaries once had upon both the miaphysite Orthodox Armenians as well as upon the Armenian Rite Catholics.
Apart from Armenia, Georgia and Russia, Armenian Catholic Church is found widely in the Armenian diaspora, notably in Lebanon (where the Armenian Catholic Church is headquartered), Syria, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, France, U.S.A., Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, Australia.
In 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the Bishop of Rome, Pope John Paul II merged the communities in Georgia and Russia with those in Armenia, creating a new ordinariate of Armenia and Eastern Europe, with its residence in Gyumri.
Today Catholic Armenians of Samtskhe-Javakheti live together in Akhaltsikhe and in the nearby villages, as well as in the regions of Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda.
The communities in the last two regions, which are mainly rural, are in rather distant areas, but the most important link is the historical memory of Catholicism.
A small seminary was established in Gyumri, Armenia, in 1994; there candidates for the priesthood engage in basic studies before moving to the Pontifical College of the Armenians (established 1885) in Rome, where they pursue philosophy and theology.
There are also tens of thousands of Armenian Catholics in Russia, due to the large amount of migration from Armenia to Russia that has occurred since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
In the 19th century Catholic Armenians from Western Armenia, mainly from the towns and cities of Karin (Erzurum), Constantinople, Mardin etc., came to the United States seeking employment.
At the end of the same century, many survivors of the Hamidian Massacres had concentrated in several U.S. cities, chiefly in New York.
Many Armenians came to the United States and Canada from the Middle Eastern countries of Lebanon and Syria in the 1970s and in later years.
At the same time, many Catholic Armenians inside the United States moved to San Francisco, San Diego, Chicago, Washington D.C., Atlanta, Miami and Indianapolis.
The bishop, or eparch, of the diocese, which has jurisdiction over Canadian and American Catholics who are members of the Armenian Catholic Church, became Manuel Batakian.
According to a Monday, May 23, 2011 news release by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Pope Benedict XVI, named Archpriest Mikaël Antoine Mouradian, superior of the Convent of Notre Dame in Bzommar, Lebanon, as the new bishop of the Eparchy of Our Lady of Nareg in New York for Armenian Catholics.
The appointment of Lebanon-born Bishop Mouradian was publicized in Washington, May 21, by Archbishop Pietro Sambi, Apostolic Nuncio to the United States.
Next to North America, France holds the largest number of Armenian Catholics outside of the areas of the Middle East and Oriental Europe.
The eparchy has six churches apart from the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Paris: Arnouville-lès-Gonesse, Lyon, Marseille, Saint-Chamond, Sèvres and Valence.
A community of Mekhitarist Fathers resides in Sèvres and a convent of Armenian Sisters of the Immaculate Conception runs a school in Marseille.
Malachia Ormanian, a historian and an Armenian Apostolic Patriarch of Constantinople, estimated 136,400 Armenian Catholics worldwide in his 1911 book: 83,500 (61%) in the Ottoman Empire, 30,000 in the Russian Empire, 15,000 in Europe (Poland, Italy, Austria), 5,000 in Bukovina and Hungary, 1,500 in Egypt and 1,400 in Persia.
The 1897 imperial census in Russia found 38,840 Catholic Armenians, while 1914 Ottoman government statistics provided 67,838 as the number of Catholic Armenians.
A 1971 article by United Press International (UPI) estimated the number of adherents of the Armenian Catholic Church at around 100,000.
According to the 2011 census in Armenia there were 13,247 Catholics (of any ethnicity) in the country, far below the 600,000 figure.
The Armenian Catholic Church is broken into Archdioceses, Eparchies, Apostolic Exarchates, Ordinariates for the Faithful of the Eastern Rite and Patriarchal Exarchates, each of which have functions similar to a diocese.
The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria.
However, most of the children were only separated from their parents or sent purposely in the Savoy mountains which was then under Italian rule.
The Gestapo, under the direction of the 'Butcher of Lyon' Klaus Barbie, entered the orphanage and forcibly removed the forty-four children and their seven supervisors, throwing the crying and terrified children on to the trucks.
Two of the oldest children and Miron Zlatin, the superintendent, ended up in Tallinn, Estonia, and were killed by a firing squad.
Gérard Latortue (born June 19, 1934 at Gonaïves) was the Prime Minister of Haïti from March 12, 2004 to June 9, 2006.
He was an official in the United Nations for many years, and briefly served as foreign minister of Haïti during the short-lived 1988 administration of Leslie Manigat.
Latortue was selected by the Council and appointed head of the interim government on March 9 while still living in the United States, and was sworn in on March 12.
His administration was recognized by the United Nations, the United States, Canada and The European Union and denied recognition by a few governments, including the governments of Jamaica and St Kitts and Nevis, Venezuela and Cuba, as well as the African Union.
The 2006 elections in Haiti, to replace the interim government of Gérard Latortue put in place after the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, were delayed four times after having been originally scheduled for October and November 2005.
The uakaris are unusual among New World monkeys in that the tail length (15–18 cm) is substantially less than their head and body length (40–45 cm).
The bald uakari, remarkable for its brilliant scarlet complexion, is found north of the Amazon River, and south of the Japurá River in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve.
The Neblina uakari is found north of the Rio Negro, west of the Rio Marauiá and east of the Casiquiare canal.
Uakaris are typically lethargic and silent in zoo conditions, but in the wild they are agile and active, capable of leaps of over 6 meters.
When traveling through the forest they move in the lower branches of the trees, though when foraging they also go up to the canopy.
Deposits from the eruption have been found in a radial distribution around Maninjau extending up to to the east, to the southeast, and west to the present coastline.
Since 1983, this water has been used to generate hydroelectric power for West Sumatra, generated around 68 MW at maximum load.
The villages are bordered uphill by a large belt of forest-like tree gardens, which dissolve into the upper montane forest on the steepest parts of the slopes up to the ridge of the caldera.
Piccadilly is a 1929 British silent drama film directed by E. A. Dupont, written by Arnold Bennett and starring Gilda Gray, Anna May Wong, and Jameson Thomas.
This film was initially released as a silent in February 1929, however with the advent of sound sweeping through the film industry at the time, the studio re-released the film later that same year in June for cinemas wired for sound.
This version included a music score and sound effects by Harry Gordon, along with a five minute sound prologue with Jameson Thomas who plays Valentine Wilmot in the film and John Longden as the Man From China, which was filmed after the main filming was completed.
In 2004, the film was re-released by Milestone Films after an extensive restoration, with music scored by Neil Brand, replacing the original music-and-sound effects soundtrack.
Valentine Wilmot's London nightclub and restaurant, Piccadilly Circus, is a great success due to his star attraction, dancing partners Mabel (Gilda Gray) and Vic (Cyril Ritchard).
After the performance, Vic tries to persuade Mabel to become his partner offstage as well as on, and to go to Hollywood with him.
She pleads with her romantic rival to give Wilmot up, saying he is too old for her, but Shosho replies that it is Mabel who is too old, and that she will keep him.
When Mabel reaches into her purse for a handkerchief, Shosho sees a pistol inside and grabs a dagger used as a wall decoration.
Incumbent Prime Minister and acting President Vladimir Putin, who had succeeded Boris Yeltsin on his resignation on 31 December 1999, was seeking a four-year term in his own right and won the elections in the first round.
Months later, in the wake of the August 1998 economic crisis in which the government defaulted on its debt and devalued the rouble simultaneously, Kirienko was replaced in favor of Yevgeny Primakov.
Putin was not expected to last long in the role and was initially unknown and unpopular due to his ties to the Yeltsin government and state security.
The bombings, blamed on the Chechens, provided the opportunity for Putin to position himself as a strong and aggressive leader, capable of dealing with the Chechen threat.
On December 19, 1999, the Kremlin's Unity Party finished second in the Parliamentary elections with 23 percent; the Communist Party was first with 24 percent.
By forming a coalition with Yabloko and the Union of Right Forces, Yeltsin had secured a favorable majority in the Duma.
The elections would be held on 26 March 2000, as Russian law required an election to be scheduled three months after the office of president is vacated.
The Duma had originally passed legislation scheduling the first round of the election for June 4, with a runoff scheduled for June 25 in necessitated.
In early 2000, Unity and the Communist Party had developed an alliance in the Duma that effectively cut off Putin's rivals, Yevgeny Primakov, Grigory Yavlinsky, and Sergei Kiriyenko.
Yuri Luzhkov, the reelected Mayor of Moscow, announced that he would not compete for the presidency; Primakov pulled out two weeks after the parliamentary elections.
It required that candidates gather a million signatures to be nominated (although the shortened election meant this was reduced to 500,000).
The new law, in conjunction with the early election would have further helped Putin, who could rely on favorable state television coverage.
Zyuganov ran on a platform of resistance to wholesale public ownership although illegally privatized property would be returned to the state.
He wanted stronger oversight of public money, an end to the black market and reform of the tax system coinciding with an increase in public services.
He also advocated for a strengthened role for the State Duma and a reduction in the size of the civil bureaucracy.
He was the most pro-Western candidate, but only to an extent as he had been critical of the war in Chechnya yet remained skeptical of NATO.
Because he refused to participate in the debates, Putin's challengers had no venue in which to challenge his program, vague as it may be.
Uncritical state television coverage of Putin's oversight of the conflict in Chechnya helped him to consolidate his popularity as Prime Minister, even as Yeltsin's popularity as President fell.
The decision to conduct the presidential elections also in Chechnya was perceived as controversial by many observers due to the military campaign and security concerns.
The TV channel ORT launched a slanderous campaign against Yavlinsky's image as his ratings started to rise sharply, and broadcasters generally nearly ignored candidates who did not fulfill interests of their owners.
Multiple Western journalists (such as the Boston Globe's David Fillipov) had been either detained or expelled from the country because they strayed from Russian military guidance in Chechnya.
Under both Yeltsin and Putin, the Kremlin apparatus was applying financial pressure to Media-Most, a media holding group which had been unfriendly in their coverage.
On the other hand, Zyuganov received much fairer media coverage than he had been subject to in the previous presidential election.
Polling stations were open from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Putin won on the first ballot with 53.4% of the vote.
The ancient Greek mathematicians knew how to construct a regular polygon with 3, 4, or 5 sides, and they knew how to construct a regular polygon with double the number of sides of a given regular polygon.
Since there are 31 combinations of anywhere from one to five Fermat primes, there are 31 known constructible polygons with an odd number of sides.
Since there are 5 known Fermat primes, we know of 31 numbers that are products of distinct Fermat primes, and hence 31 constructible odd-sided regular polygons.
These are 3, 5, 15, 17, 51, 85, 255, 257, 771, 1285, 3855, 4369, 13107, 21845, 65535, 65537, 196611, 327685, 983055, 1114129, 3342387, 5570645, 16711935, 16843009, 50529027, 84215045, 252645135, 286331153, 858993459, 1431655765, 4294967295 .
This pattern breaks down after this, as the next Fermat number is composite (4294967297 = 641 × 6700417), so the following rows do not correspond to constructible polygons.
It is unknown whether any more Fermat primes exist, and it is therefore unknown how many odd-sided constructible regular polygons exist.
It is straightforward to show from analytic geometry that constructible lengths must come from base lengths by the solution of some sequence of quadratic equations.
In terms of field theory, such lengths must be contained in a field extension generated by a tower of quadratic extensions.
It follows that a field generated by constructions will always have degree over the base field that is a power of two.
that are nested, each in the next (a composition series, in group theory terms), something simple to prove by induction in this case of an abelian group.
Moreover, these equations have real rather than complex roots, so in principle can be solved by geometric construction: this is because the work all goes on inside a totally real field.
In this way the result of Gauss can be understood in current terms; for actual calculation of the equations to be solved, the periods can be squared and compared with the 'lower' periods, in a quite feasible algorithm.
Only the first stage of the 65537-gon construction is shown; the constructions of the 15-gon, 17-gon, and 257-gon are given complete.
In the 1916 election, Henry Cabot Lodge defeated John F. Fitzgerald, former mayor of Boston and the maternal grandfather of John, Robert and Edward Kennedy.
Senator from Massachusetts from 1937 to 1943 and from 1946 to 1953, when he lost to John F. Kennedy in the 1952 Senate election.
1927, son of Henry Cabot Lodge) ran against the successful Edward M. Kennedy in the United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 1962.
1815 in Boston) was an eminent surgeon, whose daughter, Lilla Cabot Perry, was a noted Impressionist artist, and son, Godfrey Lowell Cabot (b.
Some prominent Cabots of Boston (Judge Cabot of the Boston Juvenile Court; Stephen Cabot, Headmaster of St. George's School, Middletown, R.I.; Dr. Hugh Cabot, Dean of Michigan University Medical School) along with the Pennsylvania branch of the Order of Founder and Patriots, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania counter-sued to prevent the change.
Point Pinole Regional Shoreline is a regional park on the shores of the San Pablo Bay, California (the northern arm of the San Francisco Bay), in the United States.
It includes the Dotson Family Marsh (formerly Breuner Marsh) and the Point Pinole Lagoon and hosts the North Richmond Shoreline Festival.
It is on the site of a number of former explosives factories; the largest of these was operated by the Giant Powder Company, which was relocated to this relatively remote spot following accidental explosions at its former sites in San Francisco and at Albany Hill.
Giant had built the first dynamite manufacturing plant in the United States at a site known as Glen Canyon Park, which started up on March 19, 1868.
On November 26, 1869, there was an explosion that destroyed every building on the site (including the fence around the plant).
Another explosion occurred at the Albany Hill plant in 1892, before Giant built its last plant in the lightly populated area of Pinole Point.
Although the Point Pinole factory operated until 1960, when Bethlehem Steel Company acquired the Atlas Powder Company and its assets, little trace of it now remains.
After several years, the East Bay Regional Park District succeeded and opened the property to the public as a park in 1973.
The other relic of the park's industrial past is the large number of eucalyptus glades groves which were planted around the factory site to buffer against potential explosions.
The park features the promontory of Point Pinole, located where the East Bay shoreline turns from running south towards Berkeley and Oakland to running eastwards, inland.
Geologically, it is a result of movement on the Hayward Fault which runs along its western edge, creating a low scarp.
It offers superb views across the bay in all directions, towards San Francisco to the southwest, Mount Tamalpais and the Marin Headlands to the northwest, inland across San Pablo Bay to the north and east, and Mt.
Fresh and ocean waters mix at this point, so the marine life is rich; a leisure pier has been built at the end of promontory, replacing a former jetty used by the factories, and is a popular location for angling.
The park is a mixture of grassland and woodland, with beaches and low cliffs, and it has a particularly rich bird life, including many ducks and shorebirds, and the endangered black rail.
The park is located on the Hayward Fault, whose exact position is marked by monuments erected by the United States Geological Survey.
The USGS has a seismometer posted along the Union Pacific Railroad, which divides the park from the mainland; the park is reached via a bridge across the railroad.
During this time, the playground was resurfaced with wood fiber, equipment replaced with a net climber and a stand-up spinner, and a wheelchair-accessible path and picnic tables was added.
On April 22, 2017, EBRPD dedicated the Atlas Road Bridge, a combination vehicle and wheelchair-compliant pedestrian bridge that connects to the San Francisco Bay Trail.
The new entrance provides a bridge over active railroad tracks, which had been a hazard for pedestrians approaching the park from the parking lot.
The new bridge is part of a multi-phase project that will eventually lead to additional picnic areas, a new playground and the route to a new interpretive center for the park.
At the same ceremony in April 2017, EBRPD also renamed and dedicated Breuner Marsh as the Dotson Family Marsh, honoring a family led by Reverend Richard Dotson, who had worked for many years to keep Breuner Marsh wild and open to the public, opposing several attempts to develop the tract for commercial ventures.
Dotson was able to organize residents of his own neighborhood in Richmond, Parchester, reminding them that the builder of their houses had promised they would always have access to the bay.
The Dotson Marsh restoration project is intended to adapt the PPS to a self-sustaining wetland complex that will include filtering polluted run-off water.
IV Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army, formed in both the First World War and the Second World War.
During the Second World War it served in Norway and Britain until, after Japan entered the war and India was threatened with attack, it was transferred there.
In 1876 a Mobilisation Scheme for eight army corps was published, with '4th Corps' headquartered at Dublin and comprising the regular units of Irish Command, supported with militia.
The 1901 Army Estimates (introduced by St John Brodrick when Secretary of State for War) allowed for six army corps based on the six regional commands: IV Corps was to be formed by Eastern Command with headquarters in London.
It was to comprise 27 artillery batteries (18 Regular, 6 Militia and 3 Volunteer) and 25 infantry battalions (8 Regular, 8 Militia and 9 Volunteers).
Under Army Order No 38 of 1907 the corps titles disappeared, but Eastern Command continued to be a major administrative organisation, controlling two cavalry brigades and one infantry division (4th Division).
It then fought at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and subsidiary actions, the Battle of Aubers Ridge, and The Battle of Festubert, the Battle of Loos and associated actions.
The corps was initially holding a stretch of five miles from Loos to just south of Givenchy, between Gough's I Corps in the north and French IX Corps (part of d'Urbal's Tenth Army) in the south.
A surprise German attack on the evening of Sunday 21 May moved forward 800 yards, capturing 1,000 yards of the British front line.
The attack at Vimy never took place as IV Corps was incorporated into Gough's Reserve Army, where it remained in reserve during the Battle of the Ancre.
The corps also took part in the German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line, the Battle of Cambrai and associated actions, the First Battles of the Somme and associated actions, the Second Battle of the Somme, the Battle of St. Quentin Canal and associated actions, and the final advance in Picardy.
By the time of the battles of Aubers Ridge and Festubert (May 1915), IV Corps still had 7th and 8th Divisions under command, but had been reinforced by 49th (West Riding) Division of the Territorial Force.
Once the era of trench warfare had set in on the Western Front (1915–17), the BEF left its army corps in position for long periods, so that they became familiar with their sector, while rotating divisions as they required rest, training, or transfer to other sectors.
Thirteen different divisions passed through IV Corps during Wilson's eleven-month tenure, and only one, the 47th, stayed for longer than six months.
In December 1915 IV Corps consisted of 1st (formerly a regular division), 47th (London Territorials) and 15th (Scottish) Division and 16th (Irish) Division (both New Army).
In the spring it lost 1st, 15th and 16th Divisions and gained 2nd (formerly a regular division) from Gough's I Corps.
At this time, with the army having recently grown tenfold in size, there was little in the way of formal ongoing assessment of officers' performance, so Gough, the Reserve Army commander, passed on his informal (and low) opinion of the 2nd Division GOC William G. Walker, who was later relieved.
By August IV Corps contained two elite divisions, 63rd (Royal Naval) Division and 9th (New Army), under Bill Furse with Hugh Tudor as artillery commander.
Then the 63rd and 9th Divisions were taken away, then in October the whole Corps was transferred to Gough's Reserve Army on the Somme, although it was used as a holding formation rather than being deployed into the front line.
During 1916, able staff officers were still in short supply and such men were poached from IV Corps and its component divisions by Rawlinson for Fourth Army HQ.
The Corps was reformed in Alresford in Hampshire in February 1940 in anticipation of operations in Norway, or perhaps Finland (part of a projected intervention in the Russo-Finnish Winter War).
After the Norwegian campaign ended, the Corps first commanded most of the armoured reserves preparing to face the proposed German invasion of Britain (Operation Sea Lion), while the other corps headquarters which had been evacuated from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo were reorganised.
In 1942, Corbett was appointed Chief of Staff of Middle East Command and Lieutenant General Noel Irwin took over IV Corps.
Following the Japanese conquest of Burma, several British divisions from Britain and the Middle East, and IV Corps headquarters, were deployed to India.
In 1944 the Japanese sought to disrupt Allied attacks into Burma by launching an attack of their own, codenamed U-Go, against Imphal.
At the start of the battle the Corps consisted of the Indian 17th, 20th and 23rd Divisions, with the Indian 50th Parachute Brigade and 254th Indian Tank Brigade.
The siege ended on 22 June, when troops from IV Corps met the relieving forces from XXXIII Corps north of Imphal.
From then until the monsoon ended later in the year, formations from IV Corps (the 5th Indian Division and the newly arrived 11th East African Division) cleared the Japanese from east of the Chindwin, and established several bridgeheads across the river.
The 19th Division was transferred to XXXIII Corps and IV Corps was switched to the right flank of the Army, advancing down the Gangaw valley west of the Chindwin, led by the East African 28th Infantry Brigade and an ad-hoc infantry formation, the Lushai Brigade.
The motorised 17th Indian division, with the M4 Sherman tanks of the 255th Indian Tank Brigade, followed up through these bridgeheads and struck deep into Japanese occupied territory to capture the vital transport and supply centre of Meiktila.
IV Corps now commanded the motorised 5th and 17th Indian Divisions, the 19th Indian Division (which remained on a mixed animal and motor transport establishment) and the 255th Tank Brigade.
During April, the 5th and 17th Divisions alternated in the lead of the final drive on Rangoon down the Sittang River valley, while the 19th Division secured the corps' line of communications.
Shortly after the fall of Rangoon, IV Corps was withdrawn from the control of Fourteenth Army and placed under the newly activated Twelfth Army.
Temporarily commanded by Lieutenant-General Francis Tuker, it was responsible for mopping up the remaining Japanese forces in Burma until the end of the war including the defeat of a large break-out in the Pegu Yoma.
Brahimi is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, the first global initiative to focus specifically on the link between exclusion, poverty and law.
He has also been a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation since 2008, an organization which works to promote good governance around the world.
He is currently a distinguished senior fellow at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a governing board member of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
He joined the campaign for independence in France in 1956, representing the National Liberation Front in South East Asia for five years.
Before his appointment in 2001 by the Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, he had served the U.N. as special representative to Haiti and to South Africa.
Before coming to the U.N., Brahimi, who represented the National Liberation Front in Tunis during Algeria's independence movement in 1956–1961, was an Arab League official (1984–1991) and the Algerian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1991 until 1993.
On a visit to Baghdad in April 2004 to help determine how and when Iraqi elections can be held, he said that the recent violence threatened to delay Iraqi national assembly elections—the national assembly is to pick the president and write a constitution.
Brahimi suggested that the Iraq Interim Governing Council should be dissolved, and that most of its members should not have any role in the new government.
Most prominently, his criticism of Ahmed Chalabi has led to Chalabi's claim that Brahimi is an Arab nationalist who should have no role in determining the future of Iraq.
At the same time, close allies of Chalabi have been pushing claims that various world leaders and the UN took bribes from Saddam Hussein under the Oil for Food program.
In May 2004, Brahimi was supposed to play a large advisory role in the appointment of candidates, which ended up selecting as Iraq's new interim President and Prime Minister: Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer and Iyad Allawi, respectively.
On 5 February 2008, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki Moon, appointed Brahimi to lead a panel investigation on United Nations staff security in the wake of the Algiers bombings of 11 December 2007.
On 17 August 2012, Brahimi was appointed by the United Nations as the new peace envoy to Syria, replacing Kofi Annan.
On 13 May 2014, UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon announced that Brahimi would resign as the special envoy to Syria on 31 May 2014.
In March 2019, he is mandated by Abdelaziz Bouteflika to preside over the national conference that is to propose a new constitution and set the date of the presidential election.
He is married to Mila Bacic Brahimi, and has three children: Salah Brahimi is the CEO of Grey Matter International, a consultant company, located in Washington, DC, where he lives with his wife, Dr. Doaa Taha, and his two children; Princess Rym al-Ali, who was a CNN correspondent in Baghdad during the 2003 Iraq War, is married to Prince Ali bin Hussein.
She lives in Amman, Jordan, with her husband and two children, Jalila and Abdullah ibn Ali; and Salem Brahimi, who lives in Paris, France, just a block away from his parents, with his wife Lawrence Brahimi, and his two children.
It is meant as a supplement to PCI slots, a replacement for Audio/modem riser (AMR) slots, and a competitor and alternative to Communications and Networking Riser (CNR) slots.
The ACR specification provides a lower cost method to connect certain expansion cards to a computer, with an emphasis on audio and communications devices.
ACR and other riser cards lower hardware costs by offloading much of the computing tasks of the peripheral to the CPU.
ACR uses a 120 pin PCI connector which is reversed and offset, retaining backward compatibility with 46 pin AMR cards while including support for newer technologies.
It is also more cost-effective and simple for the manufacturer, since the connectors are identical to the PCI connectors already purchased in quantity.
During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Morotai was generally within the sphere of influence of the powerful sultanate on the island of Ternate.
The Muslim states on Ternate and Halmahera resented the outpost for its proselytising activities, and managed to drive the mission from the island in 1571, as a part of a larger Portuguese retreat in the region.
In the seventeenth century, Ternate further exerted its power over Morotai by repeatedly forcing major parts of the population to move off the island.
Early in the century most of the population was moved to Dodinga, a small town in a strategic spot on Halmahera's west coast.
Later, in 1627 and 1628, Sultan Hamzah of Ternate had much of the Christian population of the island moved to Malayu, on Ternate, where they could be more easily controlled.
Morotai's southern plain was taken by American forces in September 1944 during the Battle of Morotai, and used as a staging point for the Allied invasion of the Philippines in early 1945, and of Borneo in May and June of that year.
Japanese soldier Teruo Nakamura was discovered in the Morotai jungle in 1974, as one of the World War II Japanese soldiers who held out subsequent to the Japanese military's surrender.
Almost all of Morotai's numerous villages are coastal settlements; a paved road linking those on the east coast starts from Daruba and will eventually reach Berebere, the principal town on Morotai's east coast, from Daruba.
The Bureau des Longitudes () is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation.
The Bureau was founded by the National Convention after it heard a report drawn up jointly by the Committee of Navy, the Committee of Finances and the Committee of State education.
Henri Grégoire had brought to the attention of the National Convention France's failing maritime power and the naval mastery of England, proposing that improvements in navigation would lay the foundations for a renaissance in naval strength.
The Bureau was charged with taking control of the seas away from the English and improving accuracy when tracking the longitudes of ships through astronomical observations and reliable clocks.
This decree granted independence to the Paris Observatory, separating it from the Bureau, and focused the efforts of the Bureau on time and astronomy.
It later worked to synchronize time across the French colonial empire by determining the length of time for a signal to make a round trip to and from a French colony.
The French Bureau of Longitude established a commission in the year 1897 to extend the metric system to the measurement of time.
They planned to abolish the antiquated division of the day into hours, minutes, and seconds, and replace it by a division into tenths, thousandths, and hundred-thousandths of a day.
This was a revival of a dream that was in the minds of the creators of the metric system at the time of the French Revolution a hundred years earlier.
Some members of the Bureau of Longitude commission introduced a compromise proposal, retaining the old-fashioned hour as the basic unit of time and dividing it into hundredths and ten-thousandths.
The rest of the world outside France gave no support to the commission's proposals, and the French government was not prepared to go it alone.
I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (1964) is a semi-autobiographical novel by Joanne Greenberg, written under the pen name of Hannah Green.
The character of Dr. Fried is based closely on Greenberg's real doctor Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, and the hospital on Chestnut Lodge in Rockville, Maryland.
However, some of Greenberg's doctors felt that this was not a true delusion but rather something Greenberg had made up on the spot to impress her psychiatrist.
One doctor went so far as to state that Irian was not an actual language, but was a form of bastardized Armenian.
Fromm-Reichmann wrote glowing reports focusing on Greenberg's genius and creativity, which she saw as signs of Greenberg's innate health, indicating that she had every chance of recovering from her mental illness.
At that time though, undifferentiated schizophrenia was often a vague diagnosis given to a patient or to medical records department for essentially non-medical reasons, which could have covered any number of mental illnesses from anxiety to depression.
Two psychiatrists who examined the description of Blau in the book say that she was not schizophrenic, but rather suffered from extreme depression and somatization disorder.
The tarte Tatin (), named after the hotel serving it as its signature dish, is a pastry in which the fruit (usually apples) is caramelised in butter and sugar before the tart is baked.
The tarte Tatin was created accidentally at the Hôtel Tatin in Lamotte-Beuvron, Loir-et-Cher, about 100 miles (160 km) south of Paris, in the 1880s.
There are conflicting stories concerning the tart's origin, but the most common is that Stéphanie Tatin, who did most of the cooking, was overworked one day.
Smelling the burning, she tried to rescue the dish by putting the pastry base on top of the pan of apples, quickly finishing the cooking by putting the whole pan in the oven.
In an alternative version of the tart's origin, Stéphanie baked a caramelized apple tart upside-down by mistake, regardless she served her guests the unusual dish.
That recognition was bestowed upon them by Curnonsky, famous French author and epicure, as well as the Parisian restaurant Maxim's after the sisters' deaths.
In reality, Vaudable was born in 1902; the sisters retired in 1906 and died in 1911 and 1917; whereas Maxim's was purchased by the Vaudable family in 1932.
When choosing apples for a tarte Tatin, it is important to pick some that will hold their shape while cooking, and not melt into apple sauce.
Variations of this recipe can also be made as turnovers, where the pastry is not only cooked upside-down, but also inverted.
Most members of this party later merged with several other centrist parties to form the Fiji Democratic Party (now part of the National Alliance Party).
A former Professor of Education at the University of the South Pacific (USP), he later served as a senior research fellow at the Centre for Pacific Studies at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, from 2001 to the end of 2005.
In the general election scheduled for 6–13 May 2006, Baba attempted a political comeback, this time on the ticket of the ruling Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL), a political switch that generated a considerable degree of public discussion.
Although his bid was unsuccessful, he was subsequently appointed to the Senate as one of nine nominees of the Fijian government.
Baba was a founding member of the Fiji Labour Party in the mid-1980s and was elected in 1987 to the House of Representatives as a candidate of the Labour-National Federation Party Coalition, which brought Timoci Bavadra to power.
Baba returned to his academic career, taking a post as a lecturer at the University of Suva, where he remained until 1999, when he was again elected to Parliament and became Foreign Minister and one of two Deputy Prime Ministers in the government of Mahendra Chaudhry.
During the coup of 2000 in which most members of the government were kidnapped by George Speight, Baba's courage as one of the hostages earned him considerable public respect.
Baba launched the NLUP in June 2001 after resigning from the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) of former Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, who had been deposed in the Fiji coup of 2000.
Baba's departure was thought to be one of the reasons why the Labour Party lost the elections held to restore democracy in September 2001; its share of the vote among ethnic Fijians dropped to around two percent.
During the campaign, he called on the electorate not to support his former party, warning that a return to a government led by Chaudhry could result in another coup.
It was no longer the party he had joined under the leadership of Timoci Bavadra in the 1980s, he said on 18 September 2005.
Bavadra's vision had been of a multiracial Fiji, but the present leadership of the party could not see past ethnic boundaries.
He expressed disappointment at Chaudhry's failure as Leader of the Opposition to work with Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase on matters of national importance, saying that when the party negotiated with the government at all, it appeared more like a trade union than a political party.
On 22 December 2005, Baba said that he would pursue academic and consultancy work after completing his four-year contract at the University of Auckland, which expired at the end of 2005.
Questioned again by the Fiji Village news service on 16 February, after his return to Fiji, he refused to be drawn on whether he would contest the 2006 election or not, but made it clear that he was no longer affiliated with the FLP.
The Fiji Times reported on 11 March 2006 that the ruling SDL had approached Baba with an invitation to contest the parliamentary election scheduled for 6–13 May under the SDL banner.
Fiji Village quoted Baba as saying that his decision to join the SDL was motivated by what he called the lack of leadership in the FLP.
He praised its success in reviving the economy; he conceded that some of its legislation was controversial, but saw it as an attempt to move the country forward.
He still considered himself a liberal and a socialist, he said, but insisted that had to be seen in the multiracial context of Fiji.
Baba helped to found the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SDLP) as the successor party to the SDL, which the Military-backed interim government had dissolved.
He briefly led the party in 2014, but made way for Ro Teimumu Kepa, a high chief and former Cabinet Minister.
Previously, Baba had a son, Viliame, and a daughter, Raijeli, with his first wife, Miriama Raitasia Cagilaba, a native of Natewa in Cakaudrove Province.
Miriama is the younger sister of Lady Bale Ganilau, the wife of former Governor-General and first President, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau.
Centurion (previously known as Verwoerdburg and before that Lyttelton) is an area with 236,580 inhabitants in Gauteng Province of South Africa, located between Pretoria and Midrand (Johannesburg).
Formerly an independent municipality, with its own town council, it has formed part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality since 2000.
The Waterkloof Air Force Base, as well as the Swartkop Air Force Base (which includes the South African Air Force Museum) are located in Centurion.
Fossils discovered at the Sterkfontein Caves show that hominids lived in the vicinity of Centurion between 2 and 3 million years ago.
From 1825 to 1826 the Matabele peoples defeated the Bakwena tribe and settled along the banks of the Magalies River under the leadership of Mzilikazi.
Daniel Jacobus Erasmus settled on the farm Zwartkop, Daniel Elardus Erasmus on the farm Doornkloof and Rasmus Elardus Erasmus developed the farm Brakfontein.
Several of the suburbs like Erasmia, Elardus Park, Zwartkop and Doornkloof were named after these 19th-century owners of the land and their properties.
In 1849 Rev Andrew Murray visited the farm Doornkloof and christened 129 babies, heard the profession of faith of 29 new members of the Reformed Church and the next day, 29 December 1849, celebrated communion.
In 1889 Alois Hugo Nelmapius bought the northern and north-eastern portions of the farm Doornkloof and named it after his daughter Irene (who died in 1961).
After the cornered British garrison tried to escape to Natal to join General George Pomeroy Colley, the Boers entrenched themselves behind a stone wall surrounding the animal stockade, and wounded the colonel in the backside, who was standing upright in his stirrups.
During the Second Boer War the Irene Concentration Camp was established in 1901 on the farm Doornkloof, as part of the British scorched earth policy, where Boer women and children were housed under extremely poor conditions.
Between February 1901 and the end of the war in 1902, 1,249 lost their lives here, about 1,000 of them children.
The Irene Camp Cemetery is well preserved and contains 576 of the original slate tombstones that were carved by hand in the camp.
In 2000, the Centurion local government became part of the newly created City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, which also includes Pretoria, and the town ceased to have its own Town Council.
Lyttelton was renamed Verwoerdburg in 1967, after Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, the former prime minister of South Africa who was assassinated the previous year.
The surrounding areas, as they grew, came under the same name and Lyttelton became known as one of the suburbs of Verwoerdburg.
Following the end of apartheid, the Indian township of Laudium and surrounding suburbs including Erasmia and Claudius, which were formerly a part of Pretoria, were made part of Centurion.
daytime temperature around 20 °C dropping to an average minimum of 5 °C), and warm to hot summers (October - April) tempered by late-afternoon showers often accompanied by spectacular thunder and lightning.
Other military support services, like the former Military Medical Institute (now the Institute for Aviation Medicine), and the former Base Workshops and Vehicle Reserve Park (4VRP) were based in Centurion.
Technical Base Complex Centurion is home to the 2 Parachute Battalion (a reserve force unit), 44 Parachute Engineers, 1 Military Printing Regiment, 4 Survey and Map Regiment, and the Army Engineer Formation.
It has hosted many cricket tournaments like 2003 Cricket World Cup, 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup, 2007 ICC World Twenty20, 2009 IPL and 2009 ICC Champions Trophy.
Having experienced growth since 1994, like the rest of urban South Africa, many businesses have relocated there, and property development is boosting the ever-expanding city limits.
This development has meant there is now little break between the outskirts of Pretoria to the north, and Midrand and Johannesburg to the south.
The Gauteng Provincial Government envisages that, according to current growth trends, much of the Gauteng province will be a megalopolis by 2015.
The CAV was formally established in 2006 in order to create an aerospace supplier park where anchor firms are at the centre of the aerospace cluster and are supported by small and medium-sized producers.
The supplier park is modelled on the local automotive industry and mirrors similar international parks, such as Silicon Valley, in California, and Toulouse, in France.
The CAV is located in Pierre van Ryneveld Park, Tshwane, on state-owned land, adjacent to Aerosud Holdings, and along the eastern boundary of the Waterkloof Air Force Base.
Aerosud was selected by the South African Department of Trade and Industry to be the industry driver and catalyst for this development.
The CAV development was made possible with the financial support of the European Union and the South African government, through the Sector-Wide Support Enterprise, Employment and Equity Programme (SWEEEP).
Today Centurion features modern shopping malls (Centurion Mall, Mall@Reds, Forest Hill City Mall), several entertainment spots, a theatre, golf courses and a driving range.
The Unitas hospital is the largest private hospital on the African continent (including a helipad) and is part of the Netcare group.
Technology companies like Aerosud, Accenture, Denel Dynamics, Siemens, SAAB Grintek Technologies, Telkom and others such as GMC Aircon are located in Centurion.
Established during 1983/1984, the Centurion Mall was constructed around the Centurion Lake (on the Hennops River) and was the only shopping centre with the standard big-name retailers of that time in Centurion until the 21st century.
29,760 m of retail space was added to the mall bringing the mall's total size to 105,000 m, making it the second largest shopping centre in the Tshwane metropolitan area.
The mall was also famous for its man-made colour water fountain amenity, which was located in the centre of the lake, on the north side of the mall (known as the 'bay' area).
This very same water feature has been used as a 'logo' for the former City of Centurion, seen at many of the entrances of the previous municipality.
From Seoul Station the KTX lines radiate with stops at Seoul Station, Yongsan Station towards Busan and Gwangju, and from Gangnam District's Suseo Station with intermediate stations in New Dongtan City and Seoul Subway Line 1's Jije Station in Pyeongtaek.
The domestically developed HSR-350x, which achieved in tests, resulted in a second type of high-speed trains now operated by Korail, the KTX Sancheon.
The next generation KTX train, HEMU-430X, achieved 421.4 km/h in 2013, making South Korea the world's fourth country after Japan, France and China to develop a high-speed train running on conventional rail above 420 km/h.
In 1982, it represented 65.8% of South Korea's population, a number that grew to 73.3% by 1995, along with 70% of freight traffic and 66% of passenger traffic.
With both the Gyeongbu Expressway and Korail's Gyeongbu Line congested as of the late 1970s, the government saw the pressing need for another form of transportation.
The first proposals for a second Seoul-Busan railway line originated from a study prepared between 1972 and 1974 by experts from France's SNCF and Japan Railway Technical Service on a request from the IBRD.
A more detailed 1978-1981 study by KAIST, focusing on the needs of freight transport, also came to the conclusion that separating long-distance passenger traffic on a high-speed passenger railway would be advisable, and it was adopted in the following Korean Five Year Plan.
During the following years, several feasibility studies were prepared for a high-speed line with a Seoul–Busan travel time of 1 hour 30 minutes, which gave positive results.
In 1989, following the go-ahead for the project, the institutions to manage its preparation were established: the Gyeongbu High Speed Electric Railway & New International Airport Committee, and the High Speed Electric Railway Planning Department (later renamed HSR Project Planning Board).
In 1990, the planned Seoul–Busan travel time was 1 hour 51 minutes, the project was to be completed by August 1998, and costs were estimated at 5.85 trillion South Korean won in 1988 prices, 4.6 trillion of which were to be spent on infrastructure, the remainder on rolling stock.
As planning progressed, the Korea High Speed Rail Construction Authority (KHSRCA) was established in March 1992 as a separate body with its own budget responsible for the project.
In the 1993 reappraisal of the project, the completion date was pushed back to May 2002, and cost estimates grew to 10.74 trillion won.
82% of the cost increase was due to a 90% increase in unit costs in the construction sector, mostly labour costs but also material costs, and the remainder due to alignment changes.
KHSRCA started construction of the Seoul–Busan Gyeongbu high-speed railway (Gyeongbu HSR) on June 30, 1992, on the long section from Cheonan to Daejeon, which was intended for use as test track.
Construction started before the choice of the main technology supplier, thus alignment design was set out to be compatible with all choices.
However, plans were changed repeatedly, in particular those for city sections, following disputes with local governments, while construction work suffered from early quality problems.
Three competitors bid for the supply of the core system, which included the rolling stock, catenary and signalling: consortia led by GEC-Alsthom, today Alstom, one of the builders of France's TGV trains; Siemens, one of the builders of Germany's ICE trains; and Mitsubishi, one of the builders of Japan's Shinkansen trains.
In a first phase, two-thirds of the high-speed line between the southwestern suburbs of Seoul and Daegu would be finished by 2004, with trains travelling along the parallel conventional line along the rest of the Seoul–Busan route.
The upgrade and electrification of these sections of the Gyeongbu Line was added to the project, and also the upgrade and electrification of the Honam Line from Daejeon to Mokpo, providing a second route for KTX services.
The budget for the first phase was set at 12,737.7 billion won, that for the entire project at 18,435.8 billion won in 1998 prices.
While the share of government contributions remained unchanged, the share of foreign loans, domestic bond sales and private capital changed to 24%, 29% and 2%.
The infrastructure and rolling stock were created in the framework of a technology transfer agreement, which paired up Korean companies with core system supplier Alstom and its European subcontractors for different subsystems.
Well ahead of the opening of the Gyeongbu HSR for regular service, in December 1999, of the test section, later extended to , was finished to enable trials with trains.
After further design changes, the high-speed tracks were finished over a length of , with of interconnections to the conventional Gyeongbu Line, including at a short interruption at Daejeon.
Conventional line electrification was finished over the across Daegu and on to Busan, the across Daejeon, and the from Daejeon to Mokpo and Gwangju.
After 12 years of construction and with a final cost of 12,737.7 billion won, the initial KTX system with the first phase of the Gyeongbu HSR went into service on April 1, 2004.
The Daegu–Busan section of the Gyeongbu HSR became a separate project with the July 1998 project revision, with a budget of 5,698.1 billion won, with funding from the government and private sources by the same ratios as for phase 1.
In August 2006, the project was modified to again include the Daejeon and Daegu urban area passages, as well as additional stations along the phase 1 section.
The line, which follows a long curve to the northeast of the existing Gyeongbu Line, includes 54 viaducts with a total length of and 38 tunnels with a total length of .
The two largest structures are the Geomjeung Tunnel, under Mount Geumjeong at the Busan end of the line; and the Wonhyo Tunnel, under Mount Cheonseong south-west of Ulsan, which will be the longest and second longest tunnels in Korea once the line is opened.
A long dispute concerning the environmental impact assessment of the Wonhyo Tunnel, which passes under a wetland area, caused delays for the entire project.
The dispute gained nationwide and international attention due to the repeated hunger strikes of a Buddhist nun, led to a suspension of works in 2005, and only ended with a supreme court ruling in June 2006.
By that time, 4,905.7 billion won was spent out of a second phase budget, or 17,643.4 billion won out of the total.
As of October 2010, the total cost of the second phase was estimated at 7,945.4 billion won, that for the entire project at 20,728.2 billion won.
The last element of the original project that was shelved in 1998, separate underground tracks across the Seoul metropolitan area, was re-launched in June 2008, when an initial plan with a long alignment and two new stations was announced.
The electrification and the completion of the re-alignment and double-tracking of the Jeolla Line, which branches from the Honam Line at Iksan and continues to Suncheon and Yeosu, began in December 2003, with the aim to introduce KTX services in time for the Expo 2012 in Yeosu.
The section of the perpendicular Gyeongjeon Line from Samnangjin, the junction with the Gyeongbu Line near Busan, to Suncheon is upgraded in a similar way, with track doubling, alignment modifications and electrification for .
The Ulsan–Gyeongju–Pohang section of the Donghae Nambu Line is foreseen for an upgrade in a completely new alignment that circumvents downtown Gyeongju and connects to the Gyeongbu High Speed Railway at Singyeongju Station, allowing for direct KTX access to the two cities.
On September 1, 2010, the South Korean government announced a strategic plan to reduce travel times from Seoul to 95% of the country to under 2 hours by 2020.
The main new element of the plan is to aim for top speeds of in upgrades of much of the mainline network with view to the introduction of KTX services.
The conventional lines under the scope of the plan include the above, already on-going projects, and their extensions along the rest of the southern and eastern coasts of South Korea, lines along the western coast, lines north of Seoul, and the second, more easterly line between Seoul and Busan with some connecting lines.
Until 2006, the first plans for a second, separate high-speed line from Seoul to Mokpo were developed into the project of a line branching from the Gyeongbu HSR and constructed in two stages, the Honam High Speed Railway (Honam HSR).
The budget for the first stage, from the new Osong Station on the Gyongbu HSR to Gwangju·Songjeong Station, was set at 8,569.5 billion won.
The Osong-Iksan section of the first phase is also intended for use as high-speed test track for rolling stock development, to be fitted with special catenary and instrumented track.
As of September 2010, progress was 9.6% of the project budget then estimated at 10,490.1 billion won for the first phase, which was due for completion in 2014, while the estimate for the entire line stood at 12,101.7 billion won.
For the longer term, new high-speed lines from Seoul to Sokcho on the eastern coast, and a direct branch from the Gyeongbu HSR south to Jinju and further to the coast are under consideration.
In conjunction with the award of the 2018 Winter Olympics to PyeongChang in July 2011, KTX service via the eastern coast line was anticipated; the expected travel time there from Seoul is 50 minutes.
In January 2009, the Korea Transport Institute also proposed a line from Mokpo to Jeju Island, putting Jeju 2 hours 26 minutes from Seoul.
The line would include a bridge from Haenam to Bogil Island and a undersea tunnel from Bogil Island to Jeju Island (with a drilling station on Chuja Island), for an estimated cost of US$10 billion.
As the proposal was popular with lawmakers from South Jeolla province, the government is conducting a feasibility study, but the governor of Jeju expressed skepticism.
The initial KTX-I trainsets, also known as simply KTX or as TGV-K, are based on the TGV Réseau, but with several differences.
The 20-car electric multiple units consist of two traction heads, that is powered end cars without passenger compartment, and eighteen articulated passenger cars, of which the two extreme ones have one motorised bogie each.
A KTX-I was built to carry up to 935 passengers at a regular top speed of , later increased to .
The technology transfer agreement for the KTX-I did not provide for a complete control of manufacturing processes and some parts had to be imported.
To increase the domestic added value, in 1996, an alliance of South Korean government research agencies, universities and private companies started a project named G7 to develop domestic high-speed rail technology.
The main element of the G7 project was the 7-car experimental high-speed train HSR-350x, originally intended as the prototype of a train with 20-car and 11-car versions for commercial service.
The train was developed on the basis of the transferred TGV technology, but more advanced technology was used for the new motors, power electronics and additional brake systems, while the passenger cars were made of aluminum to save weight, and the nose was a new design with reduced aerodynamic drag.
Test runs were conducted between 2002 and 2008, in the course of which HSR-350x achieved the South Korean rail speed record of on December 16, 2004.
For less frequented relations and for operational flexibility, a 2001 study proposed a train created by scaling down the planned commercial version of the HSR-350x, by shortening the train, removing powered bogies from intermediate cars, and lowering top speed.
The trainsets, of which two can be coupled together, consist of two traction heads and eight articulated passenger cars, and seat 363 passengers in two classes, with enhanced comfort relative to the KTX-I.
The KTX-II was officially renamed as KTX-Sancheon (Hangul: KTX-산천) after the Korean name of the indigenous fish cherry salmon before the first units started commercial service on March 2, 2010.
However within weeks of its initial launch, mechanical and design flaws began to appear, in some cases causing trains to stop running and forcing passengers to leave the train and walk back to the station, and in one particular case derailing from the tracks on February 11, 2011.
Although the trains were designed to be a domestically-built replacement for the French built Alstrom trains, due to over 30 malfunctions since March 2, 2010, Korail asked manufacturer Hyundai-Rotem to recall all 19 of the trains in operation after finding cracks in two anchor bands in May 2011.
In addition to the 24 initial KTX-Sancheon trains, which form the KTX-Sancheon Class 11, new batches have been ordered and delivered since, to provide service on the new Honam, Suseo and Gyeonggang lines.
In 2007, an alliance of government research institutes, universities and private companies launched the project to build a second experimental high-speed train, named HEMU-400X (later renamed to HEMU-430X).
With a budget of 97.4 billion won and a timetable lasting 6 years, the aim was to develop an experimental train capable of reaching in tests, as a basis for commercial trains operating at .
Detailed plans were presented in October 2010, when the train was expected to be completed in 2011 and to start line tests in 2012.
It was later renamed HEMU-430X, which achieved 421.4 km/h on the last day of March 2013, making South Korea the world's fourth country after Japan, France and China to develop a high-speed train running on conventional rail above 420 km/h.
In default configuration, the train is to seat 378 passengers in 8 cars, of which only the two driving trailers will be unpowered.
The name of train displays its original targeted top speed , although later it is increased to , with the designed maximum .
19 trainsets (in which 6 sets are dedicated to Gyeongjeon Line) are newly ordered from KORAIL to Hyundai Rotem, and will be tested in 2019-2020.
Following a phase of test operation, regular KTX service started on April 1, 2004, with a maximum speed of achieved along the finished sections of the Gyeongbu HSR.
In response to frequent passenger complaints regarding speeds on the video display staying just below the advertised 300 mark, operating top speed was raised to on November 26, 2007.
In 2004, the new service cut the route length from , and the fastest trains, serving four stations only, cut the minimum Seoul–Busan travel time from the Saemaul's 4 hours 10 minutes to 2 hours 40 minutes.
With the extension of the Gyeongbu HSR, from November 1, 2010, the minimum Seoul–Busan travel time reduced to 2 hours 18 minutes, over a travel distance of .
Once the sections across Daejeon and Daegu are completed, cutting the Seoul–Busan travel distance to , plans foresee a further improvement of the four-stop travel time to 2 hours and 10 minutes.
From June 2007 until October 2010, some trains left the Gyeongbu HSR between Daejeon and Dongdaegu to serve Gimcheon and Gumi before the opening of an extra station for the two cities on the high-speed line.
From November 1, 2010, when most Gyeongbu KTX services began to use the new Daegu–Busan high-speed section, some trains remained on the Gyeongbu Line on that section, and additional trains began to use the Gyeongbu Line on the Seoul–Daejeon section to serve Suwon.
KTX trains using the Gyeongbu HSR only from Seoul to Daejeon and continuing all along the Honam Line are operated as the Honam KTX service.
In 2004, the new service with a route length of between Yongsan in Seoul and Mokpo cut minimum travel time from 4 hours 42 minutes to 2 hours 58 minutes.
On December 15, 2010, the new Gyeongjeon KTX service started with a minimum travel time of 2 hours 54 minutes over the long route between Seoul and Masan.
From 2014, with the completion of the first phase of the Honam HSR, the travel time is reduce further to 2 hours 25 minutes.
The fare system implemented at the start of service in April 2004 deviated from prices proportional with distance, to favour long-distance trips.
From November 1, 2006, due to rising energy prices, Korail applied an 8-10% fare hike for various train services, including 9.5% for KTX.
From July 1, 2007, KTX fares were hiked another 6.5%, while those for the slower Saemaeul and Mugunghwa services on the parallel conventional route were raised by 3.5 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively.
After the November 1, 2010, start of service on the Daegu–Busan section of the Gyeongbu HSR, the fare for KTX trains using the new section was set about 8% higher than for the old route via Miryang, while that for the new services via Suwon was set lower.
For frequent travellers, Korail's standard discount cards, which are categorised according to age group, apply with the double of the standard discount rates; while discount cards for business and government agency workers apply with the normal rate; both types of discounts are up to 30%.
In addition to Korail's small general discounts for tickets purchased in a vending machine, via cell phone or the internet, discounts of 5–20% apply to a limited number of seats on KTX trains when purchased in advance.
For passengers using the Korea-Japan Joint Rail Pass, a joint offer of Korail, Japanese railways and ferry services, the discount on KTX trains is 30%.
The first study in 1991 forecast around 200,000 passengers a day in the first year of operation, growing to 330,000 passengers a day twelve years later.
In forecasts prepared after the decision to split the project into two phases, the expected first year ridership of Gyeongbu KTX services was reduced by about 40%.
With the estimate for the Honam KTX services added to the plan, opening year forecasts ranged between 150,000 and 175,000 passengers a day.
Actual initial ridership after the opening of the first phase in 2004 was well short of initial expectations at around half of the final forecast.
In October 2010, before the opening of the second phase, Korail expected ridership to rise from the then current 106,000 to 135,000 passengers a day.
In the first 100 days, daily passenger numbers averaged 70,250, generating an operational revenue of about 2.11 billion won per day, 54% of what was expected.
However, ridership increased by over a third on the Gyeongbu KTX and over a half on the Honam KTX in two years.
Daily operating profit rose to 2.8 billion won by December 2005, when financial break-even was forecast at a ridership level of around 100,000 passengers a day, which was expected by the end of 2006.
The 100 millionth rider was carried after 1116 days of operation on April 22, 2007, when cumulative income stood at 2.78 trillion won.
The next year, with revenues equal to US$898 million and costs equal to US$654 million, KTX was Korail's most profitable branch.
As of April 2010, the single-day ridership record stood at 178,584 passengers, achieved on January 26, 2009, the Korean New Year.
The introduction of high-speed services had the strongest effect on long-distance relations with a significant portion of the journey on the high-speed line, like Seoul–Busan: KTX took both the majority of the market and the bulk of rail passengers in the first year already, increasing the total share of rail from around two-fifths to a market dominating two-thirds by 2008.
On long-distance relations with significant distances along conventional lines and resulting more modest travel time gains, that is along the Honam Line, the KTX and overall rail market share gain decreases with distance.
On medium-distance relations like Seoul–Daejeon, KTX gained market share mostly at the expense of normal rail express services and air traffic, and helped to increase the total share of rail.
On short distance intercity relations line Seoul–Cheonan, due to the modest gains in time and the location of KTX stops outside city cores, KTX gains were at the expense of conventional rail, while intercity rail's modal share was little changed.
With lower ticket prices, by 2008, KTX has swallowed up around half of the airlines' previous demand between Seoul and Busan (falling from 5.3 million passengers in 2003 to 2.4 million).
Though some low-cost carriers failed and withdrew from the route, others still planned to enter competition even at the end of 2008.
Budget airlines achieved a 5.6% growth in August 2009 over the same month a year earlier while KTX ridership decreased by 1.3%, a trend change credited to the opening of Seoul Subway Line 9, which improved Gimpo International Airport's connection to southern Seoul.
In the first two months after the launch of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR, passenger numbers on flights between Gimpo and Ulsan Airports dropped 35.4% compared to the same period a year earlier, those between Gimpo and Pohang Airports 13.2%.
Between Gimpo Airport and Busan's Gimhae International Airport, airline passenger numbers remained stable (+0.2%), as a consequence of a budget airline competing with large discounts and aggressive marketing.
In the first month of Gyeongjeon KTX service, express bus services between Seoul and Masan or Changwon experienced 30–40% drops in ridership.
Lawmakers criticised the safety of Korail's tunnels after the Ministry of Construction and Transportation submitted data to the National Assembly on June 13, 2005.
The ministry added fire prevention standards to high-speed line design standards only in November 2003, thus they weren't applied to the by then finished tunnels of the first phase of KTX.
Consequently, few tunnels had emergency exits, and in high-speed railway tunnels, the average walking distance in case of an emergency was , with a maximum of , against a norm of emergency exits every in other countries.
On October 5, 2008, it was revealed by lawmakers that inside Hwanghak Tunnel, from December 2004, inspectors have monitored the progression of several cracks and minor track displacements, which continued after maintenance work in March–April 2007 and again in March 2008.
The operator claimed that a February 2007 on-site inspection found the problems not safety-relevant, but pledged further maintenance, and an investigation into the causes was launched.
Lawmakers from the Grand National Party published an investigation in October 2006 and expressed concern about the practice to use parts from other trains for spare parts, but Korail stated that that is standard practice in case of urgency with no safety effect, and the supply of spare parts is secured.
On June 13, 2007, near Cheongdo on the upgraded Daegu–Busan section, a damper acting between two cars of a KTX train got free at one end due to a loose screw and hit the trackbed, throwing up ballast that hit cars and caused bruises to two people on the parallel road, until the train was stopped when passengers noticed smoke.
On November 3, 2007, an arriving KTX-I train collided with a parked KTX-I train inside Busan Station, resulting in material damage of 10 billion won and light injuries to two persons.
The accident happened because the driver had fallen asleep and disabled the train protection system, and led to the trial and conviction of the driver.
The railway union criticised single driver operation in conjunction with the two and a half hours rest time the driver had between shifts.
On February 11, 2011, a KTX-Sancheon train bound for Seoul from Busan derailed on a switch in a tunnel before Gwangmyeong Station, when travelling at around .
No casualties were reported, only one passenger suffered slight injury, but KTX traffic was blocked for 29 hours while repairs were completed.
Investigators found that the derailment was caused by a switch malfunction triggered by a loose nut from track, and suspected that a repairman failed to tighten it during maintenance the previous night.
The switch's detectors signalled a problem earlier, however, a second maintenance crew failed to find the loose nut and didn't properly communicate the fact to the control center, which then allowed the train on the track.
On July 15, 2011, 150 passengers were evacuated from a train when smoke started coming out of the train when it arrived at Miryang Station at 11:30 AM.
On July 17, 2011 at around 11 AM, a train stopped abruptly and stranded some 400 passengers in the Hwanghak Tunnel for over an hour.
On December 7, 2018, a KTX train carrying 198 passengers derailed about five minutes after leaving Gangneung for Seoul injuring 15 passengers.
Passenger surveys in the first months found that the limited capacity of bus connections and the lack of subway connections for intermediate stations, especially the newly built stations Gwangmyeong and Cheonan-Asan, was the problem mentioned most often.
A better connection to Cheonan-Asan Station was provided by an extension of Seoul Subway Line 1 along the Janghang Line, opened on December 14, 2008.
Gwangmyeong Station was linked to the same subway line by a shuttle service on December 15, 2006, but it made little impact due to the longtime differences between KTX and subway train schedules.
A reduction by 3–4 dB was achieved by retrofitting all trains with longer mud flaps at car ends until May 2006 to smooth the airflow at the articulated car joints.
The isolation of KTX-I trains against pressure variations during tunnel passages was insufficient for some passengers, leading to efforts to reinforce pressurization in newer generations of trains.
Swivel seats, which can be turned into the direction of travel, installed only on First Class in KTX-I trains, were made standard on both classes on newer generations of trains.
Woleai, also known as Oleai, is a coral atoll of twenty-two islands in the eastern Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district in the Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia and is located approximately west-northwest of Ifalik and northeast of Eauripik.
The islands constitute a double atoll forming the number eight, with a total length of and up to wide; however, most of reef on the southern rim is submerged or poorly developed.
Woleai is culturally unique because a script was discovered to be in use among some speakers of the Woleaian language in 1913.
The atoll came under the control of the Empire of Japan after World War I, and was subsequently administered under the South Pacific Mandate.
In 1944, as the Allied forces closed in on the Mariana Islands, Woleai was heavily fortified by a contingent of 6,426 troops from the Imperial Japanese Army’s IJA 50th Independent Mixed Brigade and Imperial Japanese Navy’s 44th Base Guard Unit and 216th Base Construction Unit.
The island and its military facilities were bombed on numerous occasions through the end of 1944 until the middle of 1945, driving its defenders underground, and isolating them from supplies or reinforcements.
It was administered as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1947, and became part of the Federated States of Micronesia beginning 1979.
Its simple construction and forgiving design make it very popular among hobbyists and some traction enthusiasts, especially ski- and sledge-borne expeditions across both Arctic and Antarctic lands, but its drawbacks make it unsuitable for high efficiency and many water-borne sports.
The most popular commercial NASA style kites were made by Born Kite in Germany and for 2015 single skin powerkites has been announced by multiple vendors like Peter Lynn Kites Uniq, Urban Kites Cruiser and Wolkenstürmer Mono.
Advantages of single skin kites is that they have very low pack volume, larger pull per area, they work well in the lower end of the wind scale, don't collect as much snow and dirt, and no cells that can be blown on impact.
It can be thought of as the culinary equivalent of an artist finding their own style, or an author finding their own voice.
In a weaker sense, a signature dish may become associated with an individual restaurant, particularly if the chef who created it is no longer with the establishment.
In many cases, restaurants will base their menu development on tastes and styles which are unique to the restaurant's geographical location.
Local produce, restaurant décor, and even the type of building you choose can all contribute to a larger yield by taking on local sensibilities.
My parents entertained Lyndon Johnson, J. Edgar Hoover, and there were lots of Hollywood people because of San Simeon – Clark Gable, Joan Crawford, Dorothy Kilgallen...
I have a box of letters, written to my parents in the late 1940s and 1950s from the Duke and Duchess of Windsor.
Her socialite mother frequently worried about Brigid's weight and constantly attempted to get her to lose it through any means, from giving her cash for every pound she lost at age 11 to having the family doctor prescribe amphetamines and dexedrine.
Then she handed Brigid her wedding present – a hundred dollar bill – and told her to go to Bergdorf's and buy herself some new underwear with it.
After several years as a reluctant debutante and a failed marriage, Brigid Berlin met Andy Warhol in 1964 and quickly became a central member of his entourage.
After moving to Hotel Chelsea, she took on the nickname Brigid Polk because of her habit of giving out 'pokes', injections of Vitamin B and amphetamines.
Berlin was complicit in one of Warhol's more infamous pranks when, in 1969, Warhol announced that all of his paintings were the work of Berlin.
They belonged to a woman who sat behind the front desk every day from 9:00 to 5:00, but who never seemed to answer the phone.
Brigid Berlin is also famous for her prolific art, which has been argued by many to have been both influential to Andy Warhol's artwork and simultaneously overshadowed by Warhol's celebrity and own artwork.
The Tit Prints are arguably Berlin's most infamous work and were exhibited by Jane Stubbs at a gallery on Madison Avenue in 1996.
Both Berlin and Warhol used the medium of Polaroid photography obsessively, and are said to have been very competitive in the Polaroid film department, whether over the best equipment or the best film.
Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic style.
The term is also used in many academic fields other than art history, for example semiotics and media studies, and in general usage, for the content of images, the typical depiction in images of a subject, and related senses.
When referring to movies, genres are immediately recognizable through their iconography, motifs that become associated with a specific genre through repetition.
Lessing's study (1796) of the classical figure Amor with an inverted torch was an early attempt to use a study of a type of image to explain the culture it originated in, rather than the other way round.
Iconography as an academic art historical discipline developed in the nineteenth-century in the works of scholars such as Adolphe Napoleon Didron (1806–1867), Anton Heinrich Springer (1825–1891), and Émile Mâle (1862–1954) all specialists in Christian religious art, which was the main focus of study in this period, in which French scholars were especially prominent.
In the early-twentieth century Germany, Aby Warburg (1866–1929) and his followers Fritz Saxl (1890–1948) and Erwin Panofsky (1892–1968) elaborated the practice of identification and classification of motifs in images to using iconography as a means to understanding meaning.
In the United States, to which Panofsky immigrated in 1931, students such as Frederick Hartt, and Meyer Schapiro continued under his influence in the discipline.
Technological advances allowed the building-up of huge collections of photographs, with an iconographic arrangement or index, which include those of the Warburg Institute and the Index of Medieval Art (formerly Index of Christian Art) at Princeton (which has made a specialism of iconography since its early days in America).
With the arrival of computing, the Iconclass system, a highly complex way of classifying the content of images, with 28,000 classification types, and 14,000 keywords, was developed in the Netherlands as a standard classification for recording collections, with the idea of assembling huge databases that will allow the retrieval of images featuring particular details, subjects or other common factors.
A number of collections of different types have been classified using Iconclass, notably many types of old master print, the collections of the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin and the German Marburger Index.
Religious images are used to some extent by all major religions, including both Indian and Abrahamic faiths, and often contain highly complex iconography, which reflects centuries of accumulated tradition.
Other features include the aureola and halo, also found in Christian and Islamic art, and divine qualities and attributes represented by asana and ritual tools such as the dharmachakra, vajra, chhatra, sauwastika, phurba and danda.
The symbolic use of colour to denote the Classical Elements or Mahabhuta and letters and bija syllables from sacred alphabetic scripts are other features.
Under the influence of tantra art developed esoteric meanings, accessible only to initiates; this is an especially strong feature of Tibetan art.
For example, Narasimha an incarnation of Vishnu though considered a wrathful deity but in few contexts is depicted in pacified mood.
Conversely, in Hindu art, narrative scenes have become rather more common in recent centuries, especially in miniature paintings of the lives of Krishna and Rama.
From the Constantinian period monumental art borrowed motifs from Roman Imperial imagery, classical Greek and Roman religion and popular art – the motif of Christ in Majesty owes something to both Imperial portraits and depictions of Zeus.
In the Late Antique period iconography began to be standardised, and to relate more closely to Biblical texts, although many gaps in the canonical Gospel narratives were plugged with matter from the apocryphal gospels.
Eventually the Church would succeed in weeding most of these out, but some remain, like the ox and ass in the Nativity of Christ.
After the period of Byzantine iconoclasm iconographical innovation was regarded as unhealthy, if not heretical, in the Eastern Church, though it still continued at a glacial pace.
More than in the West, traditional depictions were often considered to have authentic or miraculous origins, and the job of the artist was to copy them with as little deviation as possible.
The Eastern church also never accepted the use of monumental high relief or free-standing sculpture, which it found too reminiscent of paganism.
In both East and West, numerous iconic types of Christ, Mary and saints and other subjects were developed; the number of named types of icons of Mary, with or without the infant Christ, was especially large in the East, whereas Christ Pantocrator was much the commonest image of Christ.
Traditional models evolved for narrative paintings, including large cycles covering the events of the Life of Christ, the Life of the Virgin, parts of the Old Testament, and, increasingly, the lives of popular saints.
Especially in the West, a system of attributes developed for identifying individual figures of saints by a standard appearance and symbolic objects held by them; in the East they were more likely to identified by text labels.
From the Romanesque period sculpture on churches became increasingly important in Western art, and probably partly because of the lack of Byzantine models, became the location of much iconographic innovation, along with the illuminated manuscript, which had already taken a decisively different direction from Byzantine equivalents, under the influence of Insular art and other factors.
Developments in theology and devotional practice produced innovations like the subject of the Coronation of the Virgin and the Assumption, both associated with the Franciscans, as were many other developments.
Most painters remained content to copy and slightly modify the works of others, and it is clear that the clergy, by whom or for whose churches most art was commissioned, often specified what they wanted shown in great detail.
Whereas in the Romanesque and Gothic periods the great majority of religious art was intended to convey often complex religious messages as clearly as possible, with the arrival of Early Netherlandish painting iconography became highly sophisticated, and in many cases appears to be deliberately enigmatic, even for a well-educated contemporary.
The subtle layers of meaning uncovered by modern iconographical research in works of Robert Campin such as the Mérode Altarpiece, and of Jan van Eyck such as the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin and the Washington Annunciation lie in small details of what are on first viewing very conventional representations.
When Italian painting developed a taste for enigma, considerably later, it most often showed in secular compositions influenced by Renaissance Neo-Platonism.
From the 15th century religious painting gradually freed itself from the habit of following earlier compositional models, and by the 16th century ambitious artists were expected to find novel compositions for each subject, and direct borrowings from earlier artists are more often of the poses of individual figures than of whole compositions.
The Reformation soon restricted most Protestant religious painting to Biblical scenes conceived along the lines of history painting, and after some decades the Catholic Council of Trent reined in somewhat the freedom of Catholic artists.
Secular painting became far more common in the West from the Renaissance, and developed its own traditions and conventions of iconography, in history painting, which includes mythologies, portraits, genre scenes, and even landscapes, not to mention modern media and genres like photography, cinema, political cartoons, comic books and anime.
Renaissance mythological painting was in theory reviving the iconography of its Classical Antiquity, but in practice themes like Leda and the Swan developed on largely original lines, and for different purposes.
Personal iconographies, where works appear to have significant meanings individual to, and perhaps only accessible by, the artist, go back at least as far as Hieronymous Bosch, but have become increasingly significant with artists like Goya, William Blake, Gauguin, Picasso, Frida Kahlo and Joseph Beuys.
Iconography, often of aspects of popular culture, is a concern of other academic disciplines including Semiotics, Anthropology, Sociology, Media Studies and Cultural Studies.
Iconography is also used within film studies to describe the visual language of cinema, particularly within the field of genre criticism.
In the age of Internet, the new global history of the visual production of Humanity (Histiconologia ) includes History of Art and history of all kind of images or medias.
The Boulton Paul Defiant is a British interceptor aircraft that served with the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II.
The lack of forward-firing armament proved to be a great weakness in daylight combat and its potential was realised only when it was converted to night fighting.
Advances in aircraft design achieved during the 1920s and 1930s had resulted in a generation of multi-engined monoplane bombers that were substantially faster than their contemporary single-engined biplane fighters then in service.
During 1935, the concept of a turret-armed defensive fighter to counter the bomber threat emerged during a time in which the RAF anticipated having to defend Great Britain against massed formations of unescorted enemy bombers.
The separation of the tasks of flying the aircraft and firing the guns would allow the pilot to concentrate on putting the fighter into the best position for the gunner to engage the enemy.
However, manually-traversed turrets were viewed as having becoming more problematic and increasingly inadequate to effectively respond to ever-faster hostile aircraft, thus there was considerable interest in using a power-augmented turret.
The earlier Hawker Demon biplane had tested the concept with 59 of the fighters, which had been manufactured by Boulton Paul under a sub-contract, having been equipped with a hydraulically-powered rear turret, while a number of aircraft already built were also converted as such.
Boulton Paul and its managing director John Dudley North had gained considerable experience with defensive turrets from producing several earlier aircraft, including the Boulton Paul Overstrand bomber, and had devised a four-gun power-operated turret, the concept and development work of which would later be a core part of the Defiant design.
The aircraft was to feature a clean design, concentrating its armament within a power-operated turret, and the accepted performance was to be only slightly beneath that of other emergent fighter designs of the period, along with a sufficient fuel capacity to allow it to perform standing patrols.
In particular, the powered turret was to offer considerable flexibility, possessing both a 360-degree upper hemisphere field of fire and be able to engage enemy bombers from a range of quarters, including below the aircraft itself.
Specification F.9/35 had followed the earlier Specification F.5/33, which had sought a pusher design combined with a forward-set turret; F.5/33 had been unceremoniously abandoned as the proposals had offered little in terms of performance gains over existing fighters, and the corresponding Armstrong Whitworth AW.34 design which had been ordered was not completed.
The proposed fighter was similar in size and appearance to the more conventional Hawker Hurricane, differing in weight primarily due to the use of turret-based armaments.
Of the seven designs tendered, the Air Ministry ranked the P.82 as being the second-best submission, after the Hawker Hotspur but ahead of others such as Armstrong Whitworth's twin-engined design.
The Air Ministry wanted several designs investigated and the production of two prototypes of each but the associated costs involved in this preference were in excess of the funding thus special permission from HM Treasury was sought.
The Treasury agreed to finance the completion of seven prototypes (two Hawker, two Boulton Paul, two Fairey and one Armstrong Whitworth) but only prototypes of the two most promising designs, the P.82 and the Hotspur, were ordered in late 1935.
Furnished with a 1,030 hp (768 kW) Rolls-Royce Merlin I and initially lacking its turret, the aircraft bore a great resemblance to the contemporary Hawker Hurricane, although it was at least heavier.
This initial flight, piloted by Boulton Paul's chief test pilot Cecil Feather, occurred nearly a year ahead of the rival Hotspur but still without the turret.
Production orders had been prepared for the Hotspur, the initial front-running submission but Boulton Paul's turret design had gained the attention of the Air Ministry.
On 28 April 1937, an initial production order for 87 aircraft was received by Boulton Paul for the P.82; as this was prior to the first flight of the prototype, the aircraft had effectively been ordered 'off the drawing board'.
Completing its acceptance tests with the turret installed, the Defiant attained a top speed of and subsequently was declared the victor of the turret fighter competition.
Flight trials had revealed the aircraft to possess positive flight characteristics and considerable stability, which was of particular value when using the turret.
According to aviation author Michael Bowyers, the usefulness of the Defiant had suffered due to the overly long development time for the type, observing that the Defiant's service entry was delayed to such an extent that only three production aircraft had reached the RAF, and these were only for trial purposes, by the outbreak of the Second World War.
Due to delays with the type entering production, there were not enough available Defiants to begin standing patrols in 1940, by which point the introduction of not only more advanced fighters but bombers as well had allegedly undermined the usefulness of the type.
It was powered by the Rolls Royce Merlin III engine, which was capable of generating 1,030 hp/768 kW or 1,160 hp/865 kW.
Beyond the initial production order in April 1937, follow-on orders had been issued for the type; in February 1938, an additional 202 Defiant Mk I aircraft were ordered; three months later, another 161 aircraft were ordered.
In 1940, this rose to 563 Defiant Mk Is on order, while a further 280 were ordered under a rearranged manufacturing plan issued in mid-1940.
However, the performance of the Defiant had been determined to be inadequate by this point, which led to manufacturing being sustained principally for economic reasons.
The Mk II featured a pressurised fuel system, additional fuel, an enlarged rudder, a deeper radiator, a modified engine mounting and elongated cowling.
Once sufficient quantities of the Merlin XX engine were available, production of the improved variant commenced; in August 1941, the first production deliveries of the Defiant Mk II took place.
The need for both the Defiant and the Hurricane in the night fighter role petered out by 1942 as the larger Bristol Beaufighter became the RAF's primary night fighter type, freeing both aircraft for other duties.
In the search for alternative uses for the Defiant, which included limited service with the RAF Search and Rescue Force and suitability trials for cooperative operations with the British Army, it was determined that Defiant production would continue in order to satisfy a pressing requirement for high speed gunnery targets.
So that the type could be used to meet the growing overseas demand for target-towing aircraft, the Defiant was tropicalized, a large portion of which was the installation of large filters underneath the aircraft's nose.
A version of the Defiant for Fleet Air Arm (FAA), it had leading edge slats and a deeper fuselage, for the lower landing speeds required of carrier aircraft.
In 1940, Boulton Paul removed the turret from the prototype as a demonstrator for a fixed-gun fighter based on Defiant components.
The armament offered was either 12 Browning machine guns (six per wing) or four Hispano cannon in place of eight of the Brownings.
By that time, the RAF had sufficient quantities of Hawker Hurricanes and Supermarine Spitfires and did not require a new single-seat fighter.
With a calculated top speed of about at the P.94 was almost as fast as a contemporary Spitfire although less manoeuvrable.
Tankage for up to 104 gallons of fuel was housed within the wing centre section along with a large ventral radiator that completed the resemblance to the Hawker fighter.
The Defiant employed an all-metal stressed skin monocoque structure, which was built in sections that were subsequently bolted together, a manufacturing method previously used on other Bolton Paul-designed aircraft.
The principal armament of the aircraft is its powered dorsal turret, equipped with four 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns.
The fuselage was fitted with aerodynamic fairings that helped mitigate the drag of the turret; they were pneumatically powered and could be lowered into the fuselage so that the turret could rotate freely.
The Brownings were electrically fired and insulated cut-off points in the turret ring prevented the guns firing when they were pointing at the propeller disc or tailplane.
The zero deflection gunnery technique was practised, among others, by British ace Albert Ball using Lewis guns on Forster mounts – which largely eliminated the need for either complex gun sights or aiming-off by eye.
An elevation of +19° combined with ballistic properties of .303 (7.7mm) Brownings and the Defiant's operational speed made 'line of sight' aiming – as practised by Luftwaffe pilots – a practical proposition.
This technique (described more fully in the article Schräge Musik) seems to have been neither taught nor practised by the RAF.
Despite being common knowledge among veteran First World War aircrew, featuring in Air Ministry requirements reflected in fighter designs such as the contemporaneous Gloster G9 twin-engine bomber-interceptor – armed with five 20mm cannon at +12° – virtually all losses of Bomber Command aircraft shot down by Luftwaffe night fighters using upward-firing were ascribed to flak until 1944.
The gunner's hatch was in the rear of the turret, which had to be rotated to the side for entry and exit.
I forget the details of it but we could not have sat on our chute or even keep it nearby as in other turrets, so you wore – all in one – an inner layer that fitted a little like a wetsuit of today.
Initial training, formal squadron acceptance, and development of tactics began with other aircraft as it received its first Defiants only in early December at Martlesham Heath.
In February 1940, the Defiant commenced night fighter training operations; the squadron tested its tactics against British medium bombers – Hampdens and Blenheims – and 264's CO flew against Robert Stanford Tuck in a Spitfire, showing that the Defiant could defend itself by circling and keeping its speed up.
When the Defiant was first introduced to the public, the RAF put out a disinformation campaign, stating that the Defiant had 21 guns: four in the turret, 14 in the wings and three cannon in the nose.
On 12 May 1940, the first operational sortie occurred as a flight of six Defiants flew with six Spitfires of 66 Squadron over the English Channel to the coastline in the vicinity of The Hague, Netherlands; during this flight, a single Ju 88, which had been in the process of attacking a destroyer, was shot down.
During the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk, the squadron was based at RAF Manston, as one of the 16 squadrons that No.
On 28 May, shortly after take-off, 10 Defiants were attacked by about 30 Bf 109s – forming a circle, they claimed six German fighters for the loss of three Defiants.
The additional weight of the turret and the second crewman plus the aerodynamic drag gave the Defiant a lower performance than conventional single-seat fighter aircraft.
By flying in an ever-descending Lufbery circle, Defiant crews sacrificed the advantage of height but eliminated the possibility of attack from underneath, while giving 360° of defensive fire.
This tactic was used by 264 Squadron, but when the Defiants of 141 Sqn were committed to combat a few months later during the Battle of Britain, it chose to ignore their advice.
On 19 July, seven out of nine 141 Squadron Defiants sent to cover a convoy off Folkestone were shot down by Bf 109s of JG 51, and the remaining two survived, one badly damaged, thanks only to the intervention of Hurricanes of 111 Sqn.
Actual German losses were no more than 12–15 enemy aircraft; the turret's wide angle of fire meant that several Defiants could engage the same target at one time, leading to multiple claims.
On 22 August, in response to an urgent demand for aircraft to defend Britain's airspace, 264 Squadron relocated to RAF Hornchurch, Essex, while also using RAF Manston, Kent as a forward base.
On 24 August, nine Defiants of 264 scrambled from Manston to engage an incoming German force; in the ensuing engagement, three Ju 88s and a single Bf 109E were shot down for the loss of two Defiants.
Later that same day, another cluster of bombers appeared and were engaged by seven Defiants that had been in the process of refuelling; three Ju 88s and two Bf 109Es were downed while one Defiant was in turn downed along with another damaged.
On 26 August 264 Squadron engaged a formation of 12 Dornier Do 17 bombers over north-eastern Kent but was attacked by a large formation of Bf 109s.
Three of those victories were awarded to one Defiant, crewed by Flight Sergeants E. R. Thorn (pilot) and F. J. Barker (air gunner).
They shot down two Do 17s but were then engaged by a Bf 109, which set their Defiant on fire; they managed to shoot down the German fighter before making a forced landing.
The squadron lost a further five aircraft (to JG 26) on 28 August, with nine crew killed, and effectively ended operations, withdrawing to RAF Duxford the following day.
With these losses, the Defiant—which had been intended from the start as a day and night fighter—was transferred to night operations instead.
The type had proven unsuited to the demands of the day fighter when set against the likes of the Bf 109E, and was less capable than other RAF aircraft such as the Hurricane and the Spitfire.
In August, the squadron was operating both by day and night; on 15 August, the first possible nighttime success by a Defiant was recorded, and from September onwards, the squadron principally operated at night.
141 moved to RAF Biggin Hill, Bromley, while A Flight relocated to Gatwick Airport, West Sussex in October prior to moving to RAF Gravesend, Kent.
Successful claimed interceptions took place, such as two He 111s being claimed on 15/16 September; the first confirmed kill by Defiant of the squadron was made on 22 December, of a single He 111.
The Defiant night fighters had initially lacked airborne interception radar, thus enemy aircraft were spotted and attacked via the eyes of the crew alone, aided by ground-based searchlights intended to illuminate attacking bombers.
In the opening months of 1941, as the German night bombing campaign reached its peak, increasing numbers of Defiant night fighter-equipped squadrons became operational and commenced night patrols although, according to Bowyers, there were relatively few claims across many Defiant sorties.
In September 1941, 264 Squadron became the first to receive the Defiant Mk II, bringing them into operational use by mid-September.
The turret-fighter concept was not immediately discarded and the fitting of Defiant-type turrets to Beaufighter and Mosquito night fighters was tried to enable these aircraft to duplicate these methods but the deleterious effect on performance proved drastic and the idea was abandoned.
After trials in 1940 with the School of Army Co-operation to assess its capabilities in that role, the Defiant was tested as a high-speed gunnery trainer with the Air Ministry agreeing to continue production.
As the system required formation flying, it could only be used in daylight, where it could draw German fighters onto British fighters leaving another area relatively free for a British bombing raid.
515 Squadron flew its first mission using Mandrel on the night of 5/6 December 1942, continuing to use its Defiants for jamming operations until early 1943, when it began to receive twin-engined Bristol Beaufighters which had longer range and could carry more electronic equipment.
The Defiant flew its last jamming mission on 17 July 1943, with one aircraft being lost out of four sent out that night.
281 Squadron formed at RAF Ouston, Northumberland, partially operating Defiant Mk Is; four more squadrons received the type within the next two months.
However, six months following their introduction to the role, the Defiant had proved to be a poor choice for the role, in part due to the aircraft already been worn out by their previous service, which limited the sortie rate; other issues included its high stalling speed and wide turning radius.
A high-speed target tug variant, the Defiant Mk III, was developed in response to a growing demand for such a type; this model featured considerable modifications for the role, such as lacking the dorsal turret.
Many of the surviving Mk I and Mk II Defiants also had their turrets removed when they were converted for the same role.
In this final target towing variant, the Defiant ended up with a number of overseas assignments with both the RAF and Fleet Air Arm in the Middle East, Africa and India.
Further deployments occurred to Canada, where the Defiant was used as a target tug and trainer with the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.
The aircraft was moved on 20 May 2009 to Rochester Airport, where it was restored by the Medway Aircraft Preservation Society (MAPS).
It was moved from Hendon to Royal Air Force Museum Cosford in November 2016 for display in War in the Air hangar.
A full-scale model Defiant has been made in the UK and is on display in a Battle of Britain day fighter scheme.
codice_1 is a program that displays a pseudorandom message from a database of quotations that first appeared in Version 7 Unix.
Distributions of fortune are usually bundled with a collection of themed files, containing sayings like those found on fortune cookies (hence the name), quotations from famous people, jokes, or poetry.
As of November 2017, the quotations (with the exception of tips relevant to system operation) have been removed from FreeBSD entirely after user complaints regarding quotations from Adolf Hitler being contained in some of the files.
Often, users on text-mode Unix terminals will place this command into either their codice_4 or codice_5 files to display them at logon and logout, respectively.
Most Unix systems use fortunes which are slanted heavily toward the user base of Unix, and thus contain many obscure jokes about computer science and computer programming.
The exact fortunes vary between each type of Unix, however there seems to be a strong overlap between the FreeBSD and OpenBSD fortune files.
The Plan 9 fortune files seem to be much shorter, with many just on 1 line, and the 'offensive' dicta is much stronger.
Most Linux distributions, such as Debian (and its derivatives), choose the FreeBSD fortunes to put in their fortune packages, that can be installed through the package manager.
The original codice_1 program could be used for the more general task of picking up a random line from a plain-text file.
However, in most modern Unix systems codice_1 cannot be used this way, since they use an ad hoc file format for fortune files to allow multiline aphorisms.
He served as Plaid Cymru Member of Parliament for Caernarfon from 1974 until 2001 and as an Assembly Member for Caernarfon from 1999 until 2003.
On 19 November 2010 it was announced that he had been granted a life peerage by the Queen, and took his seat in the House of Lords as Baron Wigley, of Caernarfon on 24 January 2011.
He attended Caernarfon grammar school and Rydal School before going on to the Victoria University of Manchester and training as an accountant.
In May 1972 Wigley became a councillor on the pre-1974 Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council, after a shock win in the Park ward, pushing the sitting Labour councillor into third place.
After coming second at Merioneth in the 1970 General Election, in 1974 Wigley became one of Plaid Cymru's first three MPs to be elected to the UK Parliament.
Gwynfor Evans had led Plaid Cymru since 1945, but resigned after the defeat of the Yes Campaign in the devolution referendum of 1979.
Wigley's triumph in 1981 was largely a pyrrhic victory - he won the presidency, but Elis Thomas would have a greater influence over the party's ideology throughout the 1980s.
In 1984 Wigley resigned from the presidency because of his children's health, but returned to the job in 1991 after the resignation of Dafydd Elis Thomas.
In 1999 Wigley became a member of the National Assembly for Wales, and led the Plaid Cymru opposition to Labour, before his resignation from the leadership, officially on medical advice but amid rumours of an internal plot against him in 2000.
In 2006 he sought and secured nomination to Plaid Cymru's North Wales party list as the secondary candidate for the 2007 National Assembly for Wales election but, because in part of constituency seat gains, Plaid Cymru failed to gain a second regional seat.
The couple had four children, son Hywel Wigley and daughter Eluned Wigley and two sons, Alun & Geraint, who died of a genetic illness.
His sons' condition influenced the direction of his career, and he took a strong interest in the affairs of disabled people, being vice-chairman of the Parliamentary all-party disablement group, vice-president of Disability Wales, vice-president of Mencap (Wales), former president of the Spastics' Society of Wales and sponsor of the Disabled Persons Act in 1981.
Henry Baird McLeish (born 15 June 1948) is a Scottish Labour Party politician, author and academic who briefly served as the First Minister of Scotland from 2000 until 2001, when he had to resign following a financial scandal, the first major scandal to face the Scottish Parliament since its reincarnation.
Formerly a professional football player and urban planner, McLeish was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Central Fife from 1987 to 2001 and the Member of the Scottish Parliament for Central Fife from 1999 to 2003.
Educated at Buckhaven High School, he left school in 1963 at the age of 15 to become a schoolboy professional football player at Leeds United and represented Scotland as a youth international.
After six weeks, he was suffering from homesickness and moved back to Scotland, where he joined Scottish Football League club East Fife.
His footballing career was cut short by injury, and he returned to education, studying at Heriot-Watt University 1968–1973, where he graduated with a BA (Hons) in Urban Planning.
After graduating, McLeish worked as a research officer at Edinburgh Corporation's department of social work from 1973 to 1974, then as a planning officer for Fife County Council from 1974 to 1975 and Dunfermline District Council from 1975 to 1987.
He was a local councillor on Kirkcaldy District Council from 1974 to 1977, and then on Fife Regional Council 1978 to 1987, fighting East Fife unsuccessfully in 1979.
He served as leader of Fife Regional Council from 1982 until his election as Labour MP for Central Fife at the 1987 General Election.
In the end of the 1980s and into the 1990s, McLeish was a Labour shadow spokesman for several portfolios, including education and employment 1988 to 1989, employment and training 1989 to 1992, shadow Scottish Office Minister of State 1992 to 1994, shadow Minister of Transport 1994 to 1995, shadow Minister of Health 1995 to 1996, and shadow Minister of Social Security 1996 to 1997.
When Labour came to power in May 1997, McLeish was appointed as a Minister of State for Scotland, with responsibility for home affairs and devolution.
As Donald Dewar's right hand man in Westminster, McLeish helped secure devolution for Scotland and manoeuvre the Scotland Act through the Westminster Parliament.
After the creation of the Scottish Parliament in May 1999, McLeish was elected as MSP for Fife Central and became Minister for Enterprise and Lifelong Learning.
After Dewar's death in October 2000, McLeish defeated his rival Jack McConnell by 44 votes to 36 in the race to become the second First Minister.
The ballot was held amongst a restricted electorate of Labour MSPs and members of Scottish Labour's national executive, because there was insufficient time for a full election to be held.
He managed several task forces designed to improve the competitiveness of Scottish industry, especially the PILOT project for Scottish oil and gas supply chains.
Whilst in government serving as First Minister, McLeish oversaw and implemented the free personal care for the elderly scheme as well as the implementation of the McCrone Agreement for education teachers in Scotland.
He resigned as First Minister in November 2001, amid a scandal involving allegations he sub let part of his tax subsidised Westminster constituency office without it having been registered in the register of interests kept in the Parliamentary office.
Though McLeish could not have personally benefited financially from the oversight, he undertook to repay the £36,000 rental income, and resigned to allow the Scottish Labour Party a clean break to prepare for the 2003 Parliamentary Elections.
Since leaving mainstream politics, McLeish has lectured widely in the United States, particularly at the United States Air Force Academy and the University of Arkansas, where he holds a visiting professorship shared between the Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences and the University of Arkansas School of Law.
Rancho Cucamonga was a Mexican land grant in present-day San Bernardino County, California given in 1839 to dedicated soldier, smuggler and politician, Tiburcio Tapia by Mexican governor Juan Bautista Alvarado.
It extended easterly from San Antonio Creek to what is now Hermosa Avenue, and from today's Eighth Street to the mountains.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored.
As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Cucamonga was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Leon V. Prudhomme in 1872.
Rains in 1856 married Maria Merced Williams, the daughter of Rancho Santa Ana del Chino owner Isaac Williams and granddaughter of Antonio Maria Lugo, owner of Rancho San Bernardino.
Ceredel claimed he, Precopio and four others were paid $500 by Ramon Carrillo, another ranchero and political opponent, to kill Rains.
Ceradel was convicted of attempting to murder the sheriff's deputy who arrested him and was sentenced to 10 years in San Quentin.
Ramon Carrillo always maintained his innocence of the crime, but was shot in the back from ambush and killed on the Los Angeles road west of Cucamonga on May 21, 1864 in another unsolved murder.
Isaias W. Hellman, a Los Angeles banker, and a San Francisco business syndicate acquired the 13,000-acres Rancho Cucamonga at a sheriff's sale in 1871.
In 1882, George Chaffey, a Canadian from the province of Ontario, purchased 8,000 acres of the Rancho Cucamonga land for $90,000.
In 1977 three unincorporated communities which had emerged on the old ranch lands—Alta Loma, Cucamonga and Etiwanda—became the city of Rancho Cucamonga.
Although some contend that the location of the poem's deserted village is unknown, others note that Auburn village close to Athlone is the likely subject of Goldsmith's poem.
The poem is written in heroic couplets, and describes the decline of a village and the emigration of many of its residents to America.
In the poem, Goldsmith criticises rural depopulation, the moral corruption found in towns, consumerism, enclosure, landscape gardening, avarice, and the pursuit of wealth from international trade.
The poem was very popular in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but also provoked critical responses, including from other poets such as George Crabbe.
In the 1760s, he travelled extensively around England, visiting many small settlements at a time when the enclosure movement was at its height.
The poem is dedicated to the artist Sir Joshua Reynolds, with whom Goldsmith was a close friend and founding member, along with Samuel Johnson, of a dining society called The Club.
While personal references in the poem give the impression of referring to the village in which Goldsmith grew up, the poem has also been associated with Nuneham Courtenay in Oxfordshire.
At Nuneham Courtenay, only an old woman was allowed to remain living in her house—Goldsmith's poem features an old woman who returns to the village, and she is depicted on the title page of the first edition.
The poem then moves on to describe the village in its current state, reporting that it has been abandoned by its residents with its buildings ruined.
In its use of a balanced account of Auburn in its inhabited and deserted states, and in its employment of an authorly persona within the poem, it conforms to contemporary neoclassical conventions.
He would, therefore, have been aware of the criticisms made by classical writers such as Juvenal and Pliny of the displacement of the rural poor by the rich.
Furthermore, in the eighteenth century the decline of the Roman Empire was attributed to the growth of luxury and pride in Rome.
While this may detract from the authority of Goldsmith's social critique, it also allows readers to project their own concerns onto the poem.
Furthermore, Alfred Lutz has commented that Goldsmith's attacks on landscape gardening have a wider political significance, because enclosure's defenders sometimes compared enclosed fields to gardens.
The paintings were copied by an engraver, and appeared in an edition of Goldsmith's poetry published in the same year by F. J. du Roveray.
Sebastian Mitchell states that some modern critics have seen the poem as appearing at a turning point in British culture, when public social and political opinions, and private emotional dispositions, diverged.
In the United States, a different reading occurred—while the English Auburn may have been deserted, the new world offered opportunities for the recreation of Goldsmith's idyll.
In 1770, for instance, Thomas Comber argued that the population of rural England was not decreasing, and that enclosure could increase farmers' demand for labourers.
The Irish playwright Edmund Falconer (c. 1814–1879) adapted the work to suit as opera libretto for the three-act opera of the same name (1880) by John William Glover (1815–1899).
The marble original with plinth is in the Royal Collection, and a copy of the sculpture is in the National Portrait Gallery in London.
Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, (born 20 March 1956 at Upholland, Lancashire) is a British Labour politician who served as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and First Vice President of the European Commission in the Barroso Commission from 2009 to 2014.
She became the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department for Education and Skills in 2001 and subsequently in the Ministry of Justice in 2004.
Ashton became Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council in Gordon Brown's first Cabinet in June 2007.
In December 2009, she became the inaugural High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy that was created by the Treaty of Lisbon.
In January 2017, Ashton became Chancellor of the University of Warwick, succeeding Sir Richard Lambert and becoming Warwick's first female chancellor.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Sociology in 1977 from Bedford College, London (now part of Royal Holloway, University of London).
Between 1977 and 1983, Ashton worked for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) as an administrator and in 1982 was elected as its national treasurer and subsequently as one of its vice-chairs.
From 1983-89 she was director of Business in the Community, working with business to tackle inequality, and she established the Employers' Forum on Disability, Opportunity Now, and the Windsor Fellowship.
She chaired the Health Authority in Hertfordshire from 1998 to 2001 and she became a vice-president of the National Council for One-Parent Families.
In 2002 she became Minister responsible for Sure Start in the same department, and in September 2004 she was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the Department for Constitutional Affairs, with responsibilities including the National Archives and the Public Guardianship Office.
Ashton was sworn of the Privy Council in 2006, and she became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the new Ministry of Justice in May 2007.
On 28 June 2007, Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Ashton to HM Cabinet as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council.
Because European Commissioners may not engage in any other occupation during their term of office, whether gainful or not, she used the procedural device previously adopted in 1984 by Lord Cockfield and took a leave of absence from the House of Lords on 14 October 2008, retaining her peerage but not her seat.
During her term, Ashton represented the EU in negotiations related to a long-running dispute over beef with the United States (May 2009), led the EU delegation in an agreement with South Korea that removed virtually all tariffs between the two economies (October 2009) and represented the EU in ending a long-running dispute over banana imports, principally involving Latin America and the EU.
On 19 November 2009, Ashton was appointed the EU's first High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security policy.
Having initially pushed for former British Prime Minister Tony Blair to become President of the European Council, Gordon Brown eventually relented on the condition that the post of High Representative be awarded to a Briton.
The magazine credited her, however, with piloting the Lisbon Treaty through the House of Lords, handling the European Commission's Trade Portfolio without disagreement with her colleagues, and being suited to consensus-building.
After a confirmation hearing by the Trade Committee of the European Parliament, Ashton was approved by the Parliament on 22 October 2008 by 538 to 40 votes, with 63 abstentions.
She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in the 2015 New Year Honours List for services to the European Common Foreign and Security Policy.
The agreement, which among other things removed obstacles to Serbia and Kosovo joining the European Union, followed Ashton's mediation of 10 rounds of talks between Serbia's Prime Minister, Ivica Dacic, and Kosovo Prime Minister Hashim Thaci.
A cross-party committee of the U.S. House of Representatives nominated Ashton and her fellow negotiators Dacic and Thaci for the Nobel Peace Prize.
Subsequently, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin criticised Ashton's categorisation of the anti-government protests in Kiev as peaceful in nature, pointing to the death of a number of police officers.
At the beginning of March a recording of a conversation between Ashton and the Estonian foreign minister Urmas Paet was released.
In the call, Paet said he had been told by a woman doctor named Olga that snipers responsible for killing police and civilians in Kiev last month were protest movement provocateurs rather than supporters of then-president Viktor Yanukovych.
The United Nations Committee Against Torture stated that the new law could prohibit sharing information on the human rights situation in Russia with the United Nations human rights organs.
Ashton was questioned by Members of the European Parliament in 2009 about her role as national treasurer in the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in the 1980s, amid claims by its opponents that it may have had financial links to the Soviet Union.
In February 2010, Ashton was criticised within the EU community for not visiting Haiti in the wake of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
The survey, carried out by lobbying and PR company Burson-Marsteller, asked 324 Brussels policy-makers to rate the European Commissioners with a grade of A to E (A being the highest).
In March 2012, Ashton was criticised by Israeli politicians for comparing the shooting of Jewish children in Toulouse with the situation in Gaza.
After she was quoted in the press as not having mentioned the Israeli city of Sderot, Israeli politicians denounced her for equating the murder of three children and a rabbi in the shooting attack with the situation in Gaza.
Ashton's staff also pointed to her personal involvement in nuclear negotiations with Iran as among the international responsibilities that had kept her away from Commission meetings.
The tone of public comment on Ashton's performance in office was subsequently to be influenced especially by her contributions to negotiations over Kosovo and Iran.
I have never met Baroness Ashton but I guess that one of her secrets is that she keeps her head down, does not flaunt her ego, and allows others to take the credit.
It takes little imagination to envisage how a male politician from any of the main parties would have exploited the Kosovo peace-deal, or the Morsi visit.
Catherine Ashton is a member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization that works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law.
It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them.
Musically, the band started off with a traditional death metal sound on their early albums, but soon turned into a melodic death metal band.
Contrary to what some might believe, Magnus did not leave because of a shift in lyrical content, but because of a cracked eardrum during their 1st European tour (he later went on to black metal band Dark Funeral as Emperor Magus Caligula).
After spending three years in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, in 1990, founder Peter Tägtgren returned to his homeland of Sweden, to form his own band.
Tägtgren's experience as a producer may have also have led to the band's change in musical direction, as he is more closely involved with many other bands while producing their albums.
On November 10, 2011, Mikael Hedlund announced writing material for a new studio album during an interview with Metal Shock Finland's Chief Editor, Mohsen Fayyazi.
Works of authority on the United Kingdom constitution are books written by constitutional theorists that are considered to be authoritative guides to the UK constitution.
The United Kingdom has no written overall Constitution, thus these are guides as to the rules and customs of the land.
He had previously been Mayor of Newtownabbey Borough Council, and was also a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly from 1982 to 1986.
Forsythe was the constituency election agent for Ulster Unionist leader James Molyneaux, and later won the same seat, albeit with a reduced majority, in 1983.
Like Molyneaux, Forsythe opposed the Good Friday Agreement and supported proposals for a Northern Ireland-wide administrative assembly/regional council (with powers broadly analogous to the National Assembly for Wales) to administer legislation and public services that were, at that time, administered by Northern Ireland Office Ministers, civil servants and quangos.
On more than one occasion, Forsythe claimed that his experience – both in the 1982–86 Northern Ireland Assembly and as a Past Vice-Chairman of the Ulster Monday Club – led him to conclude that the unimplemented 1979 Conservative General Election Manifesto commitment to administrative devolution in Northern Ireland offered the way forward for Northern Ireland.
He was active member of the House of Commons' Social Security Select Committee from 1991–1997, and the Environment, Transport and the Regions Select Committee from 1997 until his death in 2000.
He argued that air travel between Great Britain and Northern Ireland should be exempt from air passenger duty, on the basis that the tax unfairly disadvantaged Northern Ireland compared with the rest of the United Kingdom given the limited alternative means of travelling between Belfast and London.
Until resigning the whip in July 2019, Triesman sat as a Labour peer, having previously been a minister in the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Triesman (named Maxim after Maxim Gorky, the Russian author, whom his mother admired) was born into a North London Jewish community.
Triesman was educated at the Stationers' Company's School in London, before going up to the University of Essex and subsequently the University of Cambridge, Kings College.
He was subsequently suspended from Essex in 1968 after interrupting a meeting addressed by a defence industry scientist but readmitted after two weeks.
He has served on the boards and advisory boards of several companies including chairing Victoria Management, the advisory board of UBS and Templewood Merchant Bank and some of its subsidiaries.
He is an Executive Board member of the Salamanca Group and its subsidiaries, One Ocean Enterprises, Funding Affordable Homes (and its Housing Association).
In 1959, aged 16, Triesman became a member of the Labour Party but eleven years later resigned and joined the Communist Party where he remained for six years, following which he rejoined the Labour Party.
For a number of years, he was a lecturer and research director at South Bank Polytechnic (now London South Bank University) and held roles in the lecturers' union, NATFHE.
Subsequent information from within NATFHE circles showed that, contrary to Triesman evidence at the Industrial Tribunal, this policy was non-existent and had been put to the Industrial Tribunal to avoid he union being found guilty of racial discrimination.
For further information you should consult ‘The Anti-racism Myth: A Flight into the Cuckoo’s Nest’ by G Weaver, especially chapters 7,8,10,15,16.
He then was appointed as the General Secretary of the Labour Party from 2001 to December 2003, where a significant part of his job was to maintain the support of the trade unions who had become disillusioned with Tony Blair's government.
He is a Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of Warwick and a Visiting Fellow at the London School of Economics.
In 2015, he was awarded the Icebreaker Award by the Chinese Ambassador to the UK for services to Chinese-UK relations, including football.
Triesman is a member of the Henry Jackson Society's Political Council, and a member of the European Leadership Network Board and Top Level Group.
Triesman resigned from the Labour group in the House of Lords in July 2019 in protest at the party leadership's behaviour and policies with regard to antisemitism in the party, Brexit and defence.
Under Tony Blair's third Labour administration, Triesman served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office with responsibility for relations with Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Overseas Territories, the Commonwealth, UK visas, migration policy working directly to the Prime Minister, consular policy, the British Council, the BBC World Service and the Chevening Scholarships Scheme.
During this period, he conducted negotiations with Iran to secure the release of a group of British naval and marine personnel who had been taken prisoner in the Upper Persian Gulf.
In the reshuffle of 29 June 2007, he was moved to the newly created post of Parliamentary Under-Secretary of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills.
He is co-chairman of the All Party St Lucia Group and a member of the All Party China and Chinese in Britain Group.
A longtime fan of Tottenham Hotspur and Patron of the club's charitable Foundation, Triesman became the first independent Chairman of the Football Association in January 2008.
Triesman was a Board member at Wembley National Stadium, the Premier League shareholders' meeting, the Football Foundation, and is a qualified senior football referee.
He was especially damning of the FA's administrative procedures and its working relationship with other football bodies, in particular the Premier League.
On 10 May 2011, Triesman, speaking before a British parliamentary select committee, affirmed his suspicions of bribery concerning four FIFA members, claiming that they sought bribes in return for backing England's failed 2018 World Cup bid.
Whilst the FIFA Executive Committee dismissed the allegations, all the FIFA officials named have subsequently been either convicted of offences, or face extradition to the USA for trial.
Triesman spent many years in a relationship with the writer and critic Michelene Wandor until they split up in the late 1990s.
His infinite series expression for finding the position of the Moon converged too slowly to be of practical use but was a catalyst in the development of functional analysis and computer algebra.
Delaunay became director of the Paris Observatory in 1870 but drowned in a boating accident near Cherbourg, France two years later.
The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama was founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906 to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students.
The school offers undergraduate, postgraduate, research degrees, and short courses in acting, actor training, applied theatre, theatre crafts and making, design, drama therapy, movement, musical theatre, performance, producing, puppetry, research, scenography, stage management, teacher training, technical arts, voice, and writing.
On 9 October 2008 the school announced that Harold Pinter (1930–2008), the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature and Central alumnus, had agreed to become its president and to receive an honorary fellowship in the school's graduation ceremony on 10 December 2008, but Pinter had to receive it in absentia, because of ill health, and he died two weeks later.
In 1957 the school moved from the Royal Albert Hall, having acquired the lease of the Embassy Theatre at Swiss Cottage and its associated buildings.
The stage department was running its three-year course for actors, with alumni including Laurence Olivier and Peggy Ashcroft already a part of its history, and a two-year course for stage managers.
The teacher training department was preparing students for its own diploma, which was a recognised teaching qualification, and for the London University Diploma in Dramatic Art.
That diploma had been instituted in 1912 as a result of Fogerty's campaign for the recognition of drama and drama teaching as subjects worthy of serious academic study.
Central had been offering degrees since 1986, firstly validated by the Council for National Academic Awards and from 1992 by the Open University.
In 2005 students from the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art transferred to Central after a 100-year history of significant contributions to stage and screen.
In the same year, the school was designated as the Higher Education Funding Council for England's Centre for Excellence in Training for Theatre.
With effect from September 2005 Central became a college of the University of London, finally realising the ambitions articulated a hundred years earlier by its founder Elsie Fogerty.
Apart from its notable alumni, who include Laurence Olivier, Vanessa Redgrave, Judi Dench, Cameron Mackintosh, Harold Pinter, Jason Isaacs and James Fox, the school has had some notable staff.
On 9 October 2008, the school announced that Harold Pinter, who attended the school in 1950–51, had agreed to become its president, succeeding Labour Party politician Peter Mandelson, who had rejoined the government of Prime Minister Gordon Brown; previous presidents of the school included Dame Judi Dench and Lord Laurence Olivier.
Deputy Principal / Deputy CEO / Clerk to Governors, Deborah Scully; prior to joining Central, Debbie held a number of roles in the former Inner London Education Authority (ILEA).
Deputy Senior Administrative Officer (1985–1987) and Registrar (1981–1985) at Southwark College, London; Divisional Office Management Clerk (1980–1981); and roles at Westminster College, London 1976–1981) and ILEA Accounts (1974–1976).
Previously a Professor of Drama at Goldsmiths, University of London, and before that Professor of Drama at the University of Nottingham, which he left in 1996.
Dean of Studies and Professor of Sound, Ross Brown, formerly a painter, then a professional composer, performer and sound designer in theatre, Ross holds the first Chair in Theatre Sound in the UK.
Since 1994, the aim of Ross' research has been to establish the subjects of theatre sound and aurality and advance their study by located them within a broader epistemology of sound and a framework of relevant theories and histories.
Robin has held a range of posts in the HE sector; he is an Emeritus Professor of Manchester Metropolitan University where for over a decade he has been a member of the senior staff, finally involved in research management.
The school has over 20 doctoral candidates and the first graduate of the programme, Broderick Chow, was awarded his PhD at the December 2010 graduation ceremony.
He served as the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) Member of Parliament for Londonderry (later East Londonderry) from February 1974 until 2001.
Following Jim (later Lord) Molyneaux's retirement as UUP Leader, Ross unsuccessfully stood for the leadership of the Ulster Unionist Party in September 1995 and, although a close confidant and supporter of Molyneaux throughout the latter's leadership of the UUP, quickly became a very vocal opponent of the policies and style of newly-elected UUP Leader David Trimble.
He formerly served as Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session, and was an additional Lord of Appeal in the House of Lords prior to the transfer of its judicial functions to the Supreme Court.
He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1960 and was Standing Junior Counsel to Her Majesty's Customs and Excise from 1970 to 1973.
He was appointed a Senator of the College of Justice, a judge of the High Court of Justiciary and Court of Session, as Lord Cullen.
From 1988 to 1990 he conducted the Public Inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster and in 1996 he chaired the Public Inquiry into the shootings at Dunblane Primary School.
He was Lord Justice Clerk and president of the Second Division of the Inner House from 1997 to 2001, when he was appointed Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session.
In March 2002, Lord Cullen led the 5-judge tribunal at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands which heard the failed appeal of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi against his conviction for the 1988 Lockerbie bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
On 24 November the Scottish Executive announced that Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, a member of the Inner House of the Court of Session, would succeed him as the new Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session.
On 25 June 2005, he was elected president of the Saltire Society, replacing The Right Honourable The Lord Sutherland of Houndwood, K.T.
On 4 September 2009 he was also formally installed as chancellor of Abertay University in Dundee, a position he held for a decade.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick and East Lothian and East Lothian from 1978 to 2001 and a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for East Lothian from 1999 until 2007.
John David Home Robertson was born at 18 Eglinton Crescent, Edinburgh, the son of John Wallace Robertson, Lieutenant-Colonel of the King's Own Scottish Borderers regiment, who assumed the additional surname in 1933, by Scottish Licence, of Home following his marriage that year to Helen Margaret (1905–1987), elder daughter and heiress of David William Milne-Home (1873–1918), of Wedderburn & Paxton, Berwickshire.
In 1988, Home Robertson placed his maternal family's historic home and grounds, Paxton House, in a Historic Buildings Preservation Trust, and opened it to the public.
One of his Home forebears was a Member of the (original) Parliament of Scotland, for Berwickshire, in 1707 who opposed the Act of Union.
As a delegate to the Labour Party Conference in 1976, Home-Robertson moved the resolution which committed the Party to devolution for Scotland, and throughout his career at Westminster he campaigned for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament.
Home-Robertson was the successful Labour candidate at the Berwick and East Lothian by-election in 1978, following the death of Labour MP John P Mackintosh.
He represented Berwick and East Lothian until the 1983 general election, when the constituency was abolished and he was elected for the new constituency of East Lothian.
He was re-elected at subsequent general elections before standing down at the 2001 election, when he was replaced by Anne Picking.
A europhile, Home Robertson was one of only five Labour MPs to vote for the Third Reading of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, defying his party Whip, which was to abstain.
At Westminster, Home-Robertson served on the Scottish Affairs (1979–83) and Defence (1990 -) Select committees, and was Chairman of the Scottish Group of Labour M.P.s, 1982-83.
He spent time as Opposition Scottish Whip, 1983–84, as Labour's Opposition Front Bench Spokesman on: Agriculture (1984–87), Scottish Affairs (1987–88), Agricultural and Rural Affairs (1988 -), and on Food (1989 -).
Admiral of the Fleet Michael Cecil Boyce, Baron Boyce, (born 2 April 1943) is a retired Royal Navy officer who now sits as a crossbench member of the House of Lords.
Boyce commanded three submarines and then a frigate before achieving higher command in the Navy and serving as First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff from 1998 to 2001 and then as Chief of the Defence Staff from 2001 to 2003.
As Chief of Defence Staff he is believed to have had concerns about US plans for a national missile defence system.
In early 2003 he advised the British Government on the deployment of troops for the invasion of Iraq, seeking assurances as to the legitimacy of the deployment before it was allowed to proceed.
The son of Commander Hugh Boyce DSC and Madeline (née Manley), Boyce was educated at Hurstpierpoint College and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.
He joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1961 and, having trained as a submariner, was confirmed in the rank of sub-lieutenant on 10 December 1965, promoted to lieutenant on 30 August 1966, and saw service in the submarines , and .
He completed the Submarine Command Course in 1973, became commanding officer of the submarine in the same year and, having been promoted to lieutenant commander on 8 January 1974, was given command of the submarine later that year.
He was posted to the Directorate of Naval Plans at the Ministry of Defence in 1981 and appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1982 Birthday Honours, before being promoted to captain on 30 June 1982.
He was given command of the frigate in January 1983, and returned to the Ministry of Defence as Captain, Submarine Sea Training in 1984.
He attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1988 and then became Senior Naval Officer in the Middle East in 1989.
Promoted to vice admiral in February 1994, Boyce was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1995 New Year Honours.
He was promoted to full admiral on 25 May 1995, on appointment as Second Sea Lord and Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command, and went on to be Commander-in-Chief Fleet as well as NATO Commander-in-Chief Eastern Atlantic and NATO Commander Allied Naval Forces North West Europe in September 1997.
Boyce became First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff in October 1998 and was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1999 Birthday Honours.
He was appointed Chief of the Defence Staff in February 2001, and in that role is believed to have had concerns about US plans for a national missile defence system.
In early 2003 he advised the British Government on the deployment of troops for the invasion of Iraq, seeking assurances as to the legitimacy of the deployment before it was allowed to proceed.
He was appointed a Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem on 27 November 2002, and retired as Chief of Defence Staff on 7 November 2003.
Boyce was created a life peer as Baron Boyce, of Pimlico in the City of Westminster, on 16 June 2003 and was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Greater London on 19 December 2003.
He was also appointed a non-executive director of WS Atkins plc in May 2004 and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports on 10 December 2004, succeeding Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother in that role.
In May 2005 Boyce was among the several retired Chiefs of Defence Staff who spoke in the House of Lords about the risk to servicemen facing liability for their actions – for which he claims politicians are ultimately responsible – before the International Criminal Court.
He was created a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter in April 2011 and is currently a member of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation.
Boyce is also Patron of the Submariners Association, Dover College, the Dover War Memorial Project and of Kent Search and Rescue as well as being an Elder Brother of Trinity House and Chairman of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
He has been the president of the Pilgrims Society, the Royal Navy Submarine Museum and Hastings charity, the Winkle Club, as well as a trustee of the Naval and Military Club.
Sir John Robert Madejski, (; born Robert John Hurst; 28 April 1941) is an English businessman, with commercial interests spanning property, broadcast media, hotels, restaurants, publishing and football.
He changed his name when his stepfather, a Polish airman during World War II, returned to England to marry his mother.
Madejski was born Robert John Hurst on 28 April 1941, in Stoke-on-Trent, as a result of a wartime fling, being initially placed with a foster family.
While still a baby, Hurst was moved back to his mother's home town of Reading and placed in a children's home.
His mother later married a Polish Second World War airman, Zygmunt Madejski, with Hurst eventually coming to live with them and adopting his stepfather's surname of Madejski.
While on holiday in Florida in the mid-1970s, Madejski saw a car sales magazine that included pictures of the vehicles on sale.
He owns a large number of luxury cars, including two Rolls-Royces, two Bentleys, four Jaguars, an AC Cobra and two Ferraris, including a red 328 which sits inside a glass case in the gym of his home.
He made front-page headlines in UK tabloid newspapers in October 2004 due to his alleged romantic attachment with singer and TV star Cilla Black.
in 1990, and has given his name to the club's Madejski Stadium, built in 1998 with £25 million largely contributed by him.
In 2006, he led the Royals to the top tier of English football for the first time in their 135-year history and proposed to expand the stadium to 38,000 seats.
Having guided Reading to the Premier League, in 2006 Madejski said he was ready to sell up:The brand is getting stronger all the time and if there is a billionaire who wants a nice accessory down the M4 then come and talk to me.
On 21 January 2012 it was announced that Madejski planned to relinquish control of the club by selling a 51% stake to a Russian consortium (Thames Sports Investments) headed by Anton Zingarevich for £40m.
Madejski announced that as part of the deal he would continue as chairman for at least another two years followed by becoming honorary life president of the club.
The donation was crucial to the fund-raising effort and enabled the trustees to build the War Memorial Chapel, dedicated to the 255 fallen of the Falkand Islands War: it is situated in the grounds of Pangbourne College and was opened by the Queen in 2000.
He has recently contributed to the running of Thamesbridge College, Reading, which re-opened in September 2006 under the new name of the John Madejski Academy.
His most recent project was a £500m redevelopment of Reading town centre, but this has been halted by the credit crunch.
Madejski is active in politics: he has contributed extensively to the Conservative Party and was vociferous in his calls for the removal of the then party leader Iain Duncan Smith in 2003.
Richard Thomas James Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, (born 11 October 1942) is a crossbench member of the British House of Lords and former Cabinet Secretary.
He was educated at Radley College (1956–60 and where he is now head of Council (the governing body)) and Clare College, Cambridge (1961–65), where he was awarded the degree of Master of Laws (LLM).
He was called to the Bar but, rather than practice, entered the Civil Service as an assistant principal in the Board of Trade in 1966.
He subsequently served in a number of departments including 12 years in the Department of Energy where his responsibilities included nuclear power policy, the privatisation of Britoil, personnel and finance.
He headed the Economic Secretariat in the Cabinet Office under Margaret Thatcher from 1987–90 and after two years in the Treasury was appointed Permanent Secretary of the Department of the Environment in 1992.
He became Permanent Under Secretary of the Home Office in 1994 and Secretary of the Cabinet and Head of the Home Civil Service in January 1998, retiring in 2002.
Wilson was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1991 New Year Honours, promoted to Knight Commander (KCB) in the 1997 New Year Honours and to Knight Grand Cross (GCB) in the 2001 New Year Honours.
He has been Non-executive Director of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and is currently Chairman of C. Hoare & Co, Non-executive Director of Xansa plc and Chair of the Board of Patrons of The Wilberforce Society.
The first official release of the KOffice suite was on October 23, 2000 when it was released as part of K Desktop Environment 2.0.
Versions 1.1 followed in 2001, 1.2 in 2002, 1.3 in 2004, 1.4 in 2005, and 1.5 and 1.6 both in 2006.
Coinciding with the work on SC4, the KOffice team prepared a major new release – KOffice 2.0 – which used the new KDE Platform 4 libraries.
A new framework for effects on shapes and a new import filters for the Microsoft Office Open XML formats that are used in MS Office 2007 and later got added.
KOffice 2.3, released 31 December 2010, along with subsequent bugfix releases (2.3.1–2.3.3) was still a collaborative effort of both the KOffice and Calligra development teams.
The Calligra team originally scheduled to release the final 2.4 version in January 2012 but problems in the undo/redo feature of Words and Stage required a partial rewrite and caused a delay.
Calligra Mobile's development was initiated in summer 2009 and first shown during Akademy / Desktop Summit 2009 by KO GmbH as a simple port of KOffice to Maemo.
Later Nokia hired KO to assist them with a full-fledged mobile version, including a touchscreen-friendly user interface which was presented by Nokia during Maemo Conference in October 2009.
Along with the launch of the Nokia N9 smartphone, Nokia released its own Poppler and Calligra-based office document viewer under GPL.
As with Krita, this Gemini release adds a touchscreen interface to Words and Stage and users can switch between desktop and touch mode at runtime.
Born at the château de Voisenon near Melun, he was only ten when he addressed an epistle in verse to Voltaire, who asked the boy to visit him.
A duel provoked by Voisenon inspired him with remorse, and he entered a seminary; he was soon promoted to the post of secretary to his relative, the Bishop of Boulogne.
He became closely attached to Madame du Châtelet, the mistress of Voltaire, and was intimate with the comte de Caylus and Mademoiselle Jeanne Quinault.
His pen was always at the service of any of his friends, and it was generally supposed that he had a considerable share in Favart's most successful operas.
Voisenon had scruples all his life about the incongruity between his way of living and his profession, but he continued to write indecent stories for private circulation, and wrote verses in honor of Madame du Barry, as he had done for Madame de Pompadour.
On the disgrace of his patron, the duc de Choiseul, he lost his pensions and honours, but soon recovered his position.
Such applications blend well with desktop environments that are GTK-based as well, such as GNOME, Cinnamon, LXDE, MATE, Pantheon, Sugar, Xfce or ROX Desktop.
all the people involved with the development of the GNOME desktop environment, is the biggest contributor to GTK, and the GNOME Core Applications as well as the GNOME Games employ the newest GUI widgets from the cutting-edge version of GTK and demonstrates their capabilities.
Despite the immense popularity of Qt, there continues to be science software using the GUI widgets of version 2 of GTK toolkit.
Whether this is going to remain that way, or whether the software will be ported to some current version of GTK (maybe GTK 4) remains to be seen.
Thomas Erskine May, 1st Baron Farnborough, (8 February 1815 – 17 May 1886) was a British constitutional theorist and Clerk of the House of Commons.
He was christened on 21 September 1815 at St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster with his parents being registered as Thomas and Sarah May.
May began his parliamentary service in 1831, at the age of 16, as Assistant Librarian in the House of Commons Library.
May became examiner of petitions for private bills in 1846 and from 1847 to 1856 was Taxing Master for both Houses of Parliament.
May was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) on 16 May 1860 and promoted to Knight Commander (KCB) on 6 July 1866.
In 1873, he was elected a bencher of the Middle Temple and awarded an honorary Doctorate of Civil Law by the University of Oxford in 1874.
Since he left no heirs, the barony became extinct, making it the second-shortest-lived peerage in British history, after the Barony of Leighton.
Sir William McKay, who edited Erskine May's private journal, has suggested that May was possibly an unacknowledged son or grandson of The 1st Baron Erskine.
John Ernest Townend (12 June 1934 – 18 August 2018) was a British politician who was a Member of Parliament for the Conservative Party.
The son of Charles Townend, he was born in 1934 in Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, and educated at Hymers College in Hull.
He studied accountancy 1951-57 as an articled clerk, and received the Plender Prize for the top prize when he became a Chartered Accountant.
In the latter year he joined his family business as Commercial Secretary and Finance Director, becoming Managing Director (1961-1979) and then chairman of House of Townend wine merchants in Hull.
He was then elected to Humberside County Council in 1973, becoming the Leader of the Conservative Group and shadow Chairman of the Policy Committee.
He subsequently became Leader of the county council, Chairman of its Policy Committee, and member of the Policy Committee of the Association of County Councils, 1977.
At the 1979 general election Townend was elected as the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, a seat which he held until his retirement in 2001.
He served as Secretary of the Conservative Back-bench Finance Committee and was a member of the Select Committee on Treasury and Civil Service affairs and Vice-Chairman of the Back-bench Finance Committee.
He became Chairman of the Small Businesses Committee, a Fellow of the Industry and Parliament Trust, and a member of the Executive Committee of IPU.
Donald Cameron Easterbrook Gorrie (2 April 1933 – 25 August 2012) was a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician, and former Member of the Scottish Parliament for Central Scotland Region.
After starting his professional career as a schoolteacher, he was Secretary of the Scottish Liberal Party, before becoming an Edinburgh City councillor in 1971.
He remained a member of Edinburgh Council until its dissolution in 1976, when he became a member of Lothian Regional Council 1976–96, Edinburgh District Council 1978–96 and the new Edinburgh City Council 1995–97.
During this time he stood for election to Westminster in the Edinburgh West constituency four times before finally winning it and becoming the area's MP in 1997.
But his lifelong passion in politics was to see the establishment of a Scottish Parliament, and sit as a Member of it.
So when the Scottish Parliament was established by the referendum of 1997, he announced he would retire from Westminster after just one term as an MP to stand for the new Scottish Parliament.
He was therefore elected in 1999, as Liberal Democrat MSP for the Central Scotland region (retiring from Westminster at the next General Election in 2001).
A feisty and independent-minded politician, he was always fiercely loyal to his liberal instincts, and had a particular mistrust of the Labour Party, which he saw as centralist and corrupt.
He was firmly on the radical left of the Liberal Democrats, believing in full-scale political reform and significant increases in spending on public services.
This put him at odds with the more cautious Liberal Democrat party leadership at the time, and he was often seen as a renegade member of the 'awkward squad,' for example in his implacable opposition to the coalition with the Labour Party formed after the 1999 elections (he was one of only three of his party's MSPs to vote against it).
Gorrie disliked his characterisation as a rebel, pointing to the fact that (unlike the pro-coalition MSPs) he was merely sticking to the Liberal Democrats' manifesto commitments.
As time passed, and particularly after he was re-elected for a second term as MSP in 2003, he mellowed, however, and – confined to the backbenches with no hope of ministerial appointment – he concentrated on campaigning on a number of particular themes which interested him.
His boldness and eye for publicity endeared him to a media corps that was often starved of stories by the cautious and tightly-controlled party machines that operated at Holyrood, and he became associated with a number of individual causes, like the spiralling cost and mismanagement of the Holyrood building project, and later his campaign against the sectarianism that plagued Scottish society.
Though controversial at first, this latter campaign raised the profile of the issue until eventually it was taken up by First Minister Jack McConnell, who instigated a series of legislative attempts to deal with the issue.
Disliked by some (mainly those in what he would term 'the establishment') for the uncompromising stances he has taken, Donald Gorrie is nevertheless widely respected for his consistency of principle and his long record of service to liberal politics and public life in general.
He upset the party leadership during the campaign by saying the Lib Dems should 'never say never' to an independence referendum – as that would resign them to another coalition with the Labour Party.
The eight-deck car and passenger ferry was owned by Townsend Thoresen, designed for rapid loading and unloading on the competitive cross-channel route, and there were no watertight compartments.
The ship left harbour with her bow-door open, and the sea immediately flooded the decks; within minutes, she was lying on her side in shallow water.
The immediate cause of the sinking was found to be negligence by the assistant boatswain, who was asleep in his cabin when he should have been closing the bow-door.
Since the disaster, improvements have been made to the design of RORO vessels, with watertight ramps, indicators showing the position of the bow doors, and banning of undivided decks.
In the late 1970s, Townsend Thoresen commissioned the design and construction of three new identical ships for its Dover–Calais route for delivery from 1980.
To remain competitive with other ferry operators on the route, Townsend Thoresen required ships designed to permit fast loading and unloading and quick acceleration.
Loading of vehicles onto E deck and F deck was through a weathertight door at the bow and an open portal at the stern.
Vehicles could be loaded and unloaded onto E and G decks simultaneously using double-deck linkspans in use at Dover and Calais.
Owing to a cut-price ticket deal, the ferry was operating at full capacity, which made it more difficult to depart on time.
However, the assistant boatswain, Mark Stanley, had returned to his cabin for a short break after cleaning the car deck upon arrival, and was still asleep when the harbour-stations call sounded and the ship dropped her moorings.
It is believed that, under pressure to get to his harbour station on the bridge, he had left G deck with the bow doors open in the expectation that Stanley would arrive shortly.
Asked why he did not close the doors given there was no one else there to do it, he said it was not his duty.
Captain David Lewry assumed that the doors had been closed since he could not see them from the wheelhouse owing to the ship's design, and had no indicator lights in the wheelhouse.
The ship left her berth in Zeebrugge inner harbour at 18:05 (GMT) with a crew of 80 and carrying 459 passengers, 81 cars, three buses and 47 trucks.
Only a fortuitous turn to starboard in her last moments, and then capsizing on a sandbar, prevented the ship from sinking entirely in much deeper water.
Rescue helicopters were quickly dispatched, shortly followed by assistance from the Belgian Navy, who were undertaking an exercise in the area.
, the German captain of a nearby ferry, was commended by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and received a medal from King Baudouin of Belgium for his heroic efforts in rescuing passengers.
It found the sinking was caused by three main factors—Stanley's failure to close the bow doors, Sabel's failure to make sure the bow doors were closed, and Lewry leaving port without knowing whether the bow doors were closed.
Unlike other ships, which are subdivided into watertight compartments, the vehicle decks of RORO vessels are normally contiguous: any flooding on these decks would allow the water to flow the length of the ship.
The need to adjust the ship's bow trim to use the port facilities at Zeebrugge and failure to readjust before departure was another factor in the sinking.
However, tests by the Danish Maritime Institute after the accident found that once water began to enter the vehicle deck of a RORO, it was likely that the vessel would capsize within 30 minutes, while other tests showed that the lack of watertight subdivision (which were common on other vessels) allowed the weight of water to flow freely and increase the likelihood of capsizing.
When a vessel is under way, the movement under it creates low pressure, which has the effect of increasing the vessel's draught.
In deep water the effect is small but in shallow water it is greater, because as the water passes underneath it moves faster and causes the draught to increase.
After extensive tests, the investigators found that when the ship travelled at a speed of , the wave was enough to engulf the bow doors.
Seven people involved at the company were charged with gross negligence manslaughter, and the operating company, P&O European Ferries (Dover) Ltd, was charged with corporate manslaughter, but the case collapsed after Mr Justice Turner directed the jury to acquit the company and the five most senior individual defendants.
A salvage operation, conducted by Dutch company Smit-Tak Towage and Salvage (part of Smit International), was embarked upon almost immediately to refloat the ship.
The ship was towed to Zeebrugge, and then across the Western Scheldt to the yard of De Schelde in Flushing, where her fate was decided.
However, no buyer was found; she was sold to Compania Naviera SA of Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, for scrapping.
The hull began to disintegrate while off the coast of South Africa on 27 December 1987, and had to be towed into Port Elizabeth on 2 January 1988 to undergo temporary repairs to allow her to continue her voyage.
P&O quickly decided to re-brand the company as P&O European Ferries, repaint the fleet's red hulls in navy blue and remove the TT logo from the funnels.
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea regulations were changed in 1990 to require of freeboard (in the case of RORO vessels, defined as the height between the vehicle deck and the water line) for all new ROROs, instead of the previous .
New International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations are in place that prohibit an open (undivided) deck of this length on a passenger RORO vessel.
Nicholas Ridley, a government minister at the time, was criticised for alluding to the accident (while speaking on another subject) on 10 March 1987.
In 2007 Belgian singer Jonathan Vandenbroeck, more commonly known as Milow, released a song to mark the 20th anniversary of the tragedy.
In the village of St Margaret's at Cliffe, there is a stained glass window dedicated to the three crewmen who died during the disaster, Bob Crone, Bryan Eades and Graham Evans.
The sinking of the ship is used as a standard example of the free surface effect in manuals of seamanship dealing with stability.
Australian businessman Maurice de Rohan, who lost his daughter and son-in-law in the tragedy, founded Disaster Action, a charity which assists people affected by similar events.
He served as Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Mid Kent from 1983 to 1997 and its successor constituency Faversham and Mid Kent from 1997 until he stepped down in 2001.
Doomsday is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as the deadliest foe of Superman, as well as the Justice League.
Doomsday was conceived in 1991 during an annual brainstorming session with the editors and writers of Superman comics, in response to a concern by some writers that most of Superman's foes at this point either relied on technology or their intellect to outmaneuver Superman or had some natural advantage against him, wanting to create a new foe with great physical power to match him.
His creator imbued him with few feelings, mostly hate and desire for destruction, which led to him destroying worlds and eventually finding Earth, where he meets Superman.
In a cruel experiment involving evolution, intended to create the perfect living being, the alien scientist Bertron released a humanoid infant (born in vitro in a lab) onto the surface of the planet, where he was promptly killed by the harsh environment.
As it evolved, the child eventually became able to survive the high temperatures and searing atmosphere, only to be quickly slain by the vicious predators that inhabited the planet.
Over time, and without the assistance of Bertron's technology, he gained the ability to thrive on solar energy without the need for food or air, to return to life and adapt in order to overcome whatever had previously killed him.
The Ultimate escaped Krypton via a ship that regularly arrived to deliver supplies to Bertron (who had wanted little contact with the planet's natives) and went on a killing spree across several planets.
It began 245,000 years earlier on planet Bylan 5, where Apokoliptian prince Uxas (the future Darkseid) was about to wed a princess (in order to obtain that planet's chemical deposits for Apokolips's weapons factories).
Just as the Ultimate and Uxas were about to meet in combat, Uxas was forced to flee; Ultimate's rampage had caused the planet's atmosphere to become toxic, thereby rendering the chemicals worthless to Apokolips.
The warring Khundian clans united in order to build protective armor for a warrior named Kobald, who they hoped would survive long enough to force the Ultimate onto a rocket.
He continued to Oa, where a single Guardian fought him, wary of the others joining the fight, fearing the Ultimate would absorb their powers as he believed was happening to his powers, so as a last resort sacrificed himself in battle to defeat him.
The Radiant killed the Ultimate with a huge blast of energy (laying waste to over a fifth of his planet in the process).
In common Calatonian burial procedures, the Ultimate's seemingly dead body was suited and shackled to prevent his spirit from escaping into the afterlife, and he was shot into space because the murders he committed made him unworthy of burial on Calaton.
After freeing one arm and smashing his way out of his buried vault, The Ultimate went on a rampage in Midwestern America, where he first encountered the Justice League.
Most notable is the fact that the creature fought the whole time literally with one hand tied behind his back (due to his ancient burial cables), yet was still able to lay waste to all opposition and much of the surrounding area.
Five Leaguers, including Superman, combined their energy powers in an attempt to take Doomsday down, but succeeded only in destroying the last of his ancient burial cables, allowing him to use both hands.
During his rampage, Doomsday's interest was captured by billboards and television spots advertising violent wrestling competitions held in Metropolis, which appealed to his blood lust and thus enticed the otherwise mindless creature to head towards the city.
In counterattacking the creature, Superman quickly found that his opponent's power was a match for his own and was getting stronger, and he realized that if Doomsday actually reached Metropolis, the resulting battle could conceivably destroy the city and kill millions of innocent people.
In the space of a few issues of the Superman comic book series, Doomsday battled Superman in a titanic struggle, leading the hero to conclude that the creature would continue to attack relentlessly and endlessly, with no fear or compassion.
2) #75, wherein both Doomsday and Superman beat each other to death in front of the Daily Planet building in Metropolis.
Following the battle, four super-beings appeared and took up Superman's mantle, two of them declaring themselves to be the real Superman.
One was a half-man/half-machine who greatly resembled Superman with cybernetic implants where Superman had sustained the greatest amount of damage from Doomsday's blows.
After strapping the body to an asteroid with an electronic device attached, the cyborg flung Doomsday into deep space on a trajectory supposedly certain to never intersect any other planet.
The scavenger vessel happened to be on a route to Apokolips, the home of the now-powerful tyrant Darkseid, empowered by the fabled Omega Force long after his first encounter with Doomsday.
This was to be the setup for a final showdown between Doomsday and Superman, who had been uneasy about the possibility of Doomsday's resurrection.
With the help of his Justice League contacts, Superman procured a Mother Box, a sentient computer, after Darkseid's servant Desaad contacted Earth about a problem on Apokolips.
Unknown to Superman, Doomsday had faced and beaten Darkseid in single combat, even after withstanding the full effect of Darkseid's Omega Beams, and was laying waste to Apokolips.
Unfortunately, before Superman could deal with Doomsday, Desaad opened a boom tube to Calaton—the first world where Doomsday was successfully defeated—and sent Doomsday through, to what he believed was his defeat at the hands of the Radiant.
Doomsday was able to adapt, however, and overcome any opponent because of the process by which he was created, so, although the Radiant had defeated him once, he would not be able to defeat him again.
Superman, while knowing this — having been filled in on Doomsday's history by the time-manipulating Waverider — was obsessed with stopping Doomsday and followed him to Calaton.
He fought Doomsday again with the help of the Mother Box, but, despite it providing him with extra weapons such as an ultrasonic gun and an energy sword, Superman met with defeat as Doomsday's evolutions rendered him immune to Superman's attacks, such as his auditory channels being sealed by new bone growths or his knuckle-bones being able to shoot out of his body to 'pin' Superman in the air.
Eventually, with his left arm having suffered a compound fracture and most of his weapons lost, Superman was forced to use one of Waverider's time travel devices to leave Doomsday stranded at the End of Time, where Doomsday met the one force he could not overcome: entropy.
With Doomsday's strength of will too strong for Brainiac to permanently overwhelm him on his own, Brainiac instead opted to use a human host to genetically engineer a Doomsday clone without the mind of the original, while temporarily lodging in Doomsday's head to use the creature's strength until he would be forced out.
He chose to use Pete Ross and Lana Lang's newborn baby, born eight weeks premature and transported by Superman to a hospital.
Brainiac intercepted Superman and stole the baby to hurt his long-time foe, correctly deducing that it was the child of someone close to Superman and feeling that the baby's still-malleable DNA would make him ideal for the plan.
He then lured Doomsday to the moon, where he placed him in a kind of stasis with four Justice League teleporters.
Following these events, Doomsday was released by Manchester Black's Suicide Squad to battle Imperiex, a threat that was judged to be even greater than Doomsday himself.
Once freed, Doomsday slaughtered the Squad, then went on to battle Imperiex's numerous probes (his mind having been altered by Black to regard them as the threat he normally perceived Superman to be), which had thus far managed to seriously injure or kill most of Earth's heroes.
Doomsday tore through numerous probes with seemingly little effort, while aided by Superman—the only time the two enemies would come close to teaming up—before finally confronting Imperiex himself.
Doomsday's skeleton was retrieved and his flesh regrown by Lex Luthor (using Superman's Kryptonian DNA), who handed Doomsday over to Darkseid to repay Earth's war debt to Apokolips.
Despite being weakened by kryptonite exposure when Luthor attempted to exploit Doomsday's Kryptonian origins, Superman's heart was restarted by Black Lightning and he reached Doomsday just as the monster was struggling with the Martian Manhunter (J'onn J'onzz).
Darkseid was not able to duplicate perfectly the creature in all its raw power but still uses the replicates as his foot soldiers.
They were defeated by a combination of heat vision and Batman's explosive batarangs during an attack on Paradise Island, while Darkseid kidnapped the newly arrived Kara Zor-El/Supergirl.
When Superman traveled to Apokolips to reclaim the life of Steel, Mortalla (Darkseid's wife) ordered his troops to release Doomsday in an attempt to help Darkseid.
Doomsday's short freedom was quickly halted by Steel in the Entropy Aegis, an armor with incredible power that had been built out of the remains of an Imperiex probe.
Exploring the full range of these new emotions, Doomsday made his way to Metropolis once more, though not in the destructive manner he had before.
Upon his arrival in Metropolis, Doomsday found Superman at the brink of death at the hands of Gog and intervened to help Superman in an ultimately futile fight against Gog's army.
In a new future, Doomsday was remembered as one of Earth's greatest heroes, who continued Superman's legacy by leading an army under his name against the army of Gog.
This new timeline ended when it was revealed that Superman was still alive, trapped and tortured with kryptonite for two centuries by Gog.
Gog offered to correct the past by returning Doomsday to an earlier point in the timeline but, in the process, Doomsday would lose his intelligence and humanity.
Returned to the present, an unconscious Doomsday was transported away by a younger version of Gog to an unknown location for an unknown purpose.
As he came into full view in front of Green Arrow, he was stopped by Kal-El and Kal-L, who made quick work of the villain as, for the first time since the first Crisis, the two Supermen acted as a team.
Doomsday, exhibiting an increased, broadened power set which seemed to adapt to each of his opponents, attacked, defeated and abducted Steel, the Cyborg Superman, the Eradicator, Supergirl and Superboy, before taking them to a cloaked satellite at the former location of New Krypton.
After locating the satellite, Superman attempted to free his allies, only for them all to discover the apparently still-inert body of Doomsday, as well as three separate clones or copies—each with a different power set.
Attempting to flee from the clones with Doomsday, the Superman Family discovered that their ship is now on course for Earth with the potential to trigger an extinction-level event if it were to strike.
Superman and his friends escaped the ship with the original Doomsday and stopped the ship from crashing on Earth, pushing it into Metropolis's bay.
The clones spread across the world, wreaking havoc, while Doomslayer's second plan was to entice the Doomsdays to reach the Earth's core so that he could expand the universe inside the ship's tower and destroy the planet from within, thus erasing all knowledge of Doomsday from the universe.
In the final battle, a weakened Superman made contact with the ship's artificial intelligence before it reached Earth's core, hoping to have the tower teleport away.
Meanwhile, the Doomsday clones were defeated by Earth's heroes and sent back into the pit in which the tower was located.
Eradicator arrived and defended Superman, now very weak, from Doomslayer, quickly throwing Superman out of the tower and allowing himself to be trapped with Doomslayer before the tower teleports away.
Colonel Zod faced him wearing an ancient armor of Krypton's warrior founders but their battle caused the death of thousands of Kryptonians.
Years later, General Zod, now also imprisoned in the Phantom Zone, communicated with the child Kara Zor-El, telling her how he admired the creature because it destroyed everything, an attribute he seeks in order for his people to be strong as years of complacency have made the Kryptonians weak.
Zor-El narrates a prophecy in which the last knight of the House of El will travel to a distant planet after the destruction of Krypton.The last knight will be found by Doomsday later and will battle him to save his people, but sacrificing his own life in doing so.
After describing her attacker to Superman, both travel to the Fortress of Solitude where Diana identifies Doomsday on a Phantom Zone viewing device.
Months later, the creature once again escapes the Phantom Zone to wreak havoc across the globe, changing as it goes into an even deadlier form; now, every living thing in its vicinity dies, and even physical structures crumble.
Superman, Wonder Woman, Steel and the Justice League struggle to defeat it, even calling on the aid of Lex Luthor; in the end, Superman drags Doomsday's body to the planet Venus and incinerates it.
Finally realizing he has no choice, Superman kills Doomsday, slicing the monster in half and, as it disintegrates, inhaling its ash-like remains to contain them within his indestructible body.
However, soon after, he starts to change; mentally showing signs of exacerbated stress and aggression, and gradually physically as well, resembling Doomsday itself more and more.
It is revealed Doomsday was released by the Phantom King (Xa-Du), on instigation of Brainiac; the latter orchestrated it to get rid of Superman as he prepared to assimilate the consciousnesses of all human beings in the world.
Superman managed to take control of the raging power and fury of Doomsday for long enough, however, to attack and defeat Brainiac's gigantic mother ship, dragging it into a black hole—ridding himself of the Doomsday infection in the process.
As Superman and Lex attempt to fight the creature, Superman is troubled to realize that this Doomsday operates at a strength level similar to the creature he faced for the first time in his world, but also has some degree of strategic planning, attacking passing trains and civilians to distract Superman and Luthor.
As Wonder Woman appears to assist, Doomsday departs, but Superman and Wonder Woman are able to intercept him before he reaches Superman's wife, Lois, and their son Jon.
While Wonder Woman takes Lois and Jon to the JLA Watchtower for safety, Superman is confused when an unknown group appears and attacks Doomsday, but they are swiftly defeated.
Lois and Jon plea to Diana to help Clark when he struggles in containing him and she soon joins the battle again.
This allows Clark time to use the Phantom Zone projector to trap his foe, but he is unaware that the unknown group led by Mr. Oz intercepted the Phantom Zone beam and have captured Doomsday for their own unknown purposes.
Through cloning technology, the infant continually returned to life and evolved, becoming resistant or immune to whatever killed him before, ultimately permanently acquiring the capability to regenerate and evolve without technology.
After the Radiant killed him the first time they fought, Doomsday grew immune to the Radiant's energy-projection and even managed to withstand Darkseid's full Omega-Effect.
During his outwardly undamaged death at Superman's hands, he only needed some days to recover, but when Imperiex reduced him to a skeleton, it took months.
After being killed by the Radiant and subsequently undergoing the impact of the casket on Earth, his body was sealed underground in total darkness.
As a result of his engineering, Doomsday did not need to eat, drink, breathe, or sleep, and his body was almost solid mass with no internal organs.
Superman once used a sound gun to greatly discomfort him, but Doomsday's auditory canals closed up, making him impervious to Superman's weapon.
Waverider once paralyzed Doomsday with energy while seeking to perceive Doomsday's presence, but the second attempt backfired as Doomsday triggered a feedback burst that briefly disrupted Waverider.
In essence, Doomsday gradually became more invulnerable if not injured beyond his ability to recover, which has so far been undefined.
He managed to cancel out the pure-energy Radiant by slamming into him while generating a dark counter-energy; to greatly extend his claws and develop a poison to strike Superman in flight and reel him in; to breathe flames against the fire-sensitive Martian Manhunter, and apparently neutralize his defensive phase-shifting power.
Doomsday's skeleton protruded through his skin in razor-sharp spurs, which provided protection to his few vital organs (brain, eyes and nervous system), and acted as claw-like weapons on his hands, elbows, and knees.
Doomsday was immensely resistant to heat, cold, and conventional damage, allowing him to survive in the most inhospitable worlds, or in the vacuum of space.
Doomsday possessed enormous superhuman strength that, variable as it was, at one point enabled him to effortlessly stand his ground against the entire Justice League, including Superman and Orion.
He was able to break Superman's left arm with limited effort, as well as outmatch and beat Darkseid unconscious in combat.
However, his strength has limits: the immensely strong Calatonian alloy cables, in which he was entombed, continued to partially restrain him during his initial rampage on Earth, with the last of the cables only being destroyed when the Justice League unleashed a full-power assault to try and stop him.
His speed and agility were vastly disproportionate to his bulky stature, and he was able to match Superman in this regard, once even managing to grab the Flash while the hero was in motion.
This was attributed to intelligence that he developed, causing him to fear the death that awaited him if he lost, but did not explain how a simple minor concussion could incapacitate his healing factor for the time he remained unconscious.
However, he apparently lost his intelligence when he was sent back in time, reverting him to his original state of fearlessness.
During his confrontation with Steel, Doomsday spontaneously developed the power of flight, and the ability to cover his body with metallic armor, capable of resisting even Steel's paralyzing nanites.
In a later confrontation with the Outsiders, as he sought to confront the Eradicator, he demonstrated the ability to absorb energy from Looker and Halo's attacks and send it back to them in a massive burst manipulating raw power like the Eradicator.
During his battle with the Cyborg-Superman, the Cyborg tore through portions of Doomsday's body, which were quickly replaced with bionic parts of his own, giving itself vast technopathy.
And again, when confronting Superboy, the monster showcased a blue glow in its eyes, indicating Tactile Telekinesis power even greater than his own.
However, it has since been revealed that these Doomsdays were actually clones of the original, each specifically designed to take out Steel, Henshaw, Eradicator and Superboy, putting them at a disadvantage when pitted against the other Supermen.
Growing as well as gaining in biomass and power over the course of its own development cycle, it was soon revealed that when it killed Superman post reboot, it was only in its larval stage.
While undergoing its adolescence phase, the monster created a giant clump of its own biomass as a makeshift cocoon, which steadily built up its physiological structure to its current state by feeding on the natural wildlife around it.
This was made possible due to its physical strength being vastly augmented to the point it could breach the dimensional barrier through physical force alone.
He'd grown so powerful in such a short amount of time that the creature could overpower the demigoddess Diana of Themyscira in a straight forward battle with ease, going so far as to break both of her arms.
Doomsday was still in the stages of his evolution, to help it along he developed a form of death aura which sapped the life out of anything and everything around him within a couple hundred yards.
Growing more and more powerful the more he killed and the more lifeforce he consumed, an extension of this power was a toxic spore cloud he emitted from his own body which expedited the leeching process.
Doomsday's deadly miasma had the effect of making everything around him wither and die at an accelerated rate; such as sand glossing over into black onyx, sentient life burst' into flames several meters away, even buildings spontaneously dissolving at a molecular level upon exposure to his poisonous fugue.
Even a solar powered Kryptonian couldn't stand to be in his presence for more than a few minutes at a time.
Moreover, those who kill him become a receptacle for his essential self, taking on his more vicious and bloodthirsty characteristics as well as his powers.
It is bounded on the south and east by the Danube, and in the North by the Buzău and Călmăţui rivers, both tributaries of the Danube.
Due to lack of forest in the past, the Baragan was an important route for the migratory peoples who roamed the area that is south-eastern Romania today.
The Baragan Steppe was traditionally used as pasture by the shepherds in the Carpathians (including Transylvania) during transhumance, but was converted to arable land in the second half of the 19th century.
The Bărăgan Plain has a harsh climate with hot and dry summers and includes the location where the highest-ever temperature in Romania was recorded (44.5 °C, at Ion Sion).
No trees grow here, and it's so far from one water well to the next that you can die of thirst half-way.
The inhabitant of Bărăgan constantly hopes that one day someone will come and teach him how to live better in the Bărăgan, in this dreadful wilderness where water is hidden in the deepest bowels of the earth and where nothing grows except thistles.
It's the only thing the Bărăgan will tolerate, except for the sheep who lust after these thistles and devour them greedily.
It reached number 9 on UK record charts, but sold poorly in the US, peaking at number 41—the band's lowest chart placement to that point.
Early reviews for the album in the US ranged from negative to tentatively positive, but the reception from music journalists in the UK was very favorable.
Wilson decided to construct his own personal home recording studio as a measure against suspected tape leaks and to eliminate the inconvenience of booking studio time.
On April 26, 1967, Carl was arrested for refusing his draft into the US Army, with the case lasting several years in the courts.
From May 2 to 20, the touring group embarked on a run of shows in Europe while Brian continued scheduling recording sessions at professional studios, some of which were cancelled on short notice.
Through the method of tape splicing, each fragment could then be assembled into a linear sequence, allowing any number of larger structures and divergent moods to be produced at a later time.
The core instrumentation consisted of organ, honky-tonk piano, and electronic bass played by the Beach Boys themselves, rather than the session musicians employed in much of their previous work.
Brian became obsessed with a three-tiered Baldwin organ during the album's recording, resulting in a more minimalist approach to the new arrangements.
The Beach Boys recorded using what was predominantly radio broadcasting equipment, which lacked many of the technical elements and effects found in an established studio.
Due to the sporadic nature at which Brian decided to produce the record at his home, there was little time to fully outfit the Bel Air residence as a properly-equipped recording studio.
This led to unconventional ways of achieving particular sounds at the home, such as a replacement for what would be achieved by an echo chamber.
Before the album's commercial release, the Beach Boys were involved in the conception of the Monterey Pop Festival, which was held in June 1967.
The Capitol lawsuit was eventually settled out of court, with the Beach Boys receiving the royalties owed in exchange for Brother Records to distribute through Capitol Records, along with a guarantee that the band produce at least one million dollars profit.
Critics and fans were generally underwhelmed by the album and controversy involving whether the band was to be taken as a serious rock group ensued into the next year.
By 1969, Wilson was increasingly known for his reclusiveness, and could be found managing a health food store in West Hollywood called the Radiant Radish.
Much of the group's recordings from 1967 to 1970 continued the pattern of sparse instrumentation, a more relaxed ensemble, and a seeming inattention to production quality.
In the 2000s, it began to appear on various lists of must-hear albums, and is now considered an important work in Brian's catalog.
The Sino-Vietnamese War (; ), also known as the Third Indochina War, was a brief border war fought between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in early 1979.
China launched an offensive in response to Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978 (which ended the rule of the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge).
On March 6, 1979, China declared that the gate to Hanoi was open and that their punitive mission had been achieved.
As Vietnamese troops remained in Cambodia until 1989, one can say that China remained unsuccessful in its goal of dissuading Vietnam from involvement in Cambodia.
Although unable to deter Vietnam from Cambodia, China succeeded in demonstrating that its Cold War communist adversary, the Soviet Union, was unable to protect its Vietnamese ally.
Following worsening relations between the Soviet Union and China as a result of the Sino-Soviet split of 1956–1966, as many as 1.5 million Chinese troops were stationed along the Sino-Soviet border in preparation for a full-scale war against the Soviets.
The Sino-Vietnamese War () is also known as the Third Indochina War, in order to distinguish it from the First Indochina War, and the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War.
Just as the First Indochina War—which emerged from the complex situation following World War II—and the Vietnam War both exploded from the unresolved aftermath of political relations, the Third Indochina War again followed the unresolved problems of the earlier wars.
The major allied victors of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union, all agreed that the area belonged to the French.
As the French did not have the means to immediately retake Indochina, the major powers agreed that the British would take control and troops would occupy the south while Nationalist Chinese forces would move in from the north.
The British landed in the south rearming the small body of interned French forces as well as parts of the surrendered Japanese forces to aid in retaking southern Vietnam, as there were not enough British troops immediately available.
On the urging of the Soviet Union, Ho Chi Minh initially attempted to negotiate with the French, who were slowly reestablishing their control across the area, although still under British control until hostilities had ceased.
The French landed in Hanoi by March 1946 and in November of that year they ousted the Viet Minh from the city.
By the 1880s, the French had expanded their sphere of influence in Southeast Asia to include all of Vietnam, and by 1893 both Laos and Cambodia had become French colonies as well.
The European war heightened revolutionary sentiment in Southeast Asia, and the independence-minded population rallied around revolutionaries such as Hồ Chí Minh and others, including royalists.
Prior to their attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese occupied French Indochina, but left civil administration to the Vichy French administration.
On 9 March 1945, fearing that the Vichy French were about to switch sides to support the Allies, the Japanese overthrew the Vichy administration and forces taking control of Indochina and establishing their own puppet administration, the Empire of Vietnam.
When the Việt Minh hastily sought to establish the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the remaining French acquiesced while waiting for the return of French forces to the region.
The Kuomintang supported French restoration, but Viet Minh efforts towards independence were helped by Chinese communists under the Soviet Union's power.
The Soviets nonetheless remained less supportive than China until after the Sino-Soviet split, during the time of Leonid Brezhnev when the Soviet Union became communist Vietnam's key ally.
Finally, on July 20, 1954, the Geneva Conference resulted in a political settlement to reunite the country, signed with support from China, Russia, and Western European powers.
During the initial stages of the First Indochina War with France, the recently founded communist People's Republic of China continued the Russian mission to expand communism.
Mao Zedong believed the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had made a serious error in his Secret Speech denouncing Stalin in February 1956, and criticized the Soviet Union's interpretation of Marxism–Leninism, in particular Khrushchev's support for peaceful co-existence and its interpretation.
From here, Chinese communists played a decreasing role in helping their former allies because the Viet Minh did not support China against the Soviets.
Following the death of Mao in September 1976, the overthrow of the Gang of Four and the ascent of Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese leadership would revise its own positions to become compatible with market aspects, denounce the Cultural Revolution, and collaborate with the US against the Soviet Union.
As France withdrew from a provisionally divided Vietnam in late 1954, the United States increasingly stepped in to support the South Vietnamese leaders due to the Domino theory, which theorized that if one nation would turn to communism, the surrounding nations were likely to fall like dominoes and become communist as well.
The Soviet Union and North Vietnam became important allies together due to the fact that if South Vietnam was successfully taken over by North Vietnam, then communism in the far east would find its strategic position bolstered.
In the eyes of the People's Republic of China, the growing Soviet-Vietnamese relationship was a disturbing development; they feared an encirclement by the less-than-hospitable Soviet sphere of influence.
The United States and the Soviet Union could not agree on a plan for a proposed 1956 election meant to unify the partitioned Vietnam.
Instead, the South held a separate election that was widely considered fraudulent, leading to continued internal conflict with communist factions led by the Viet Cong that intensified through the late 1950s.
With supplies and support from the Soviet Union, North Vietnamese forces became directly involved in the ongoing guerrilla war by 1959 and openly invaded the South in 1964.
The U.S. had supported French forces in the First Indochina War, sent supplies and military advisers to South Vietnam throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, and eventually took over most of the fighting against both North Vietnam and the Viet Cong by the mid-1960s.
Due to a lack of clear military success and facing increasingly strident opposition to the war in the U.S., American forces began a slow withdrawal in 1969 while attempting to bolster South Vietnam's military so that they could take over the fighting.
In accordance with the Paris Peace Accords by 29 March 1973 all U.S. combat forces had left South Vietnam, however North Vietnamese combat forces were allowed to remain in place.
The People's Republic of China started talks with the United States in the early 1970s, culminating in high level meetings with Henry Kissinger and later Richard Nixon.
Although the Vietnamese Communists and the Khmer Rouge had previously cooperated, the relationship deteriorated when Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot came to power and established Democratic Kampuchea on 17 April 1975.
People's Republic of China, in the other hand, also supported the Maoist Khmer Rouge against Lon Nol's regime during the Cambodian Civil War and its subsequent take-over of Cambodia.
After numerous clashes along the border between Vietnam and Cambodia, and with encouragement from Khmer Rouge defectors fleeing a purge of the Eastern Zone, Vietnam invaded Cambodia on 25 December 1978.
China supported the ethnic minority United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races against Vietnam during the FULRO insurgency against Vietnam.
China received so many defectors from the ethnic minorities in Vietnam that it raised shock among Vietnam which had to launch a new effort re-assert dominance over the ethnic minorities and classify them.
China, now under Deng Xiaoping, was starting the Chinese economic reform and opening trade with the West, in turn, growing increasingly defiant of the Soviet Union.
On February 15, the first day that China could have officially announced the termination of the 1950 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance, Deng Xiaoping declared that China planned to conduct a limited attack on Vietnam.
The reason cited for the attack was to support China's ally, the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia, in addition to the mistreatment of Vietnam's ethnic Chinese minority and the Vietnamese occupation of the Spratly Islands which were claimed by China.
To prevent Soviet intervention on Vietnam's behalf, Deng warned Moscow the next day that China was prepared for a full-scale war against the Soviet Union; in preparation for this conflict, China put all of its troops along the Sino-Soviet border on an emergency war alert, set up a new military command in Xinjiang, and even evacuated an estimated 300,000 civilians from the Sino-Soviet border.
In addition, the bulk of China's active forces (as many as one-and-a-half million troops) were stationed along China's border with the Soviet Union.
Although the People's Liberation Army vastly outnumbered the Vietnamese forces, the Soviet-Vietnamese alliance compelled the Chinese to deploy the majority of their forces along China's northern frontier with the Soviet Union (as well as, to a lesser extent, Soviet-allied Mongolia) as a deterrent to Soviet intervention.
The Chinese force that engaged the Vietnamese consisted of units from the Kunming Military Region, Chengdu Military Region, Wuhan Military Region and Guangzhou Military Region, but commanded by the headquarters of Kunming Military Region on the western front and Guangzhou Military Region in the eastern front.
Some troops engaged in this war, especially engineering units, railway corps, logistical units and antiaircraft units, had been assigned to assist North Vietnam in its war against South Vietnam just a few years earlier during the Vietnam War.
Contrary to the belief that over 600,000 Chinese troops entered North Vietnam, the actual number was only 200,000, while 600,000 Chinese troops were mobilized, of which 400,000 were deployed away from their original bases during the one-month conflict.
In his state visit to the U.S. in 1979, the Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping was presented with this information and asked to confirm the numbers.
The Vietnamese government claimed they only had a force of about 70,000 including several army regular divisions in its northern area.
The Vietnam People's Air Force did not participate in the combat directly, instead they provided support to the ground troops, transported troops from Cambodia to northern Vietnam as well as performed reconnaissance purposes.
According to Vietnam, since January 1979 Chinese forces performed numerous reconnaissance activities across the border and made 230 violations into Vietnamese land.
To prepare for a possible Chinese invasion, the Central Military Committee of the Communist Party ordered all armed forces across the border to be on stand-by mode.
On 17 February 1979, a People's Liberation Army (PLA) force of about 200,000 troops supported by 200 Type 59, Type 62, and Type 63 tanks entered northern Vietnam in the PLA's first major combat operation since the end of the Korean War in 1953.
From 18 February to 25 February, the 327th Infantry Division of Military District 3 and the 337th Infantry Division of Military District 4 were deployed to join Military District 1 for the defense of northwestern region.
The 372nd Air Division in central Vietnam as well as the 917th, 935th and 937th Air Regiments in southern Vietnam were quickly deployed to the north.
Moscow also provided a total of 400 tanks and armored personnel carriers (APCs), 500 mortar artillery and air defense artillery, 50 BM-21 rocket launchers, 400 portable surface-to-air missiles, 800 anti-tank missiles and 20 jet fighters.
During the Sino-Vietnamese War, the Soviet Union deployed troops at the Sino-Soviet border and Mongolian-Chinese border as an act of showing support to Vietnam, as well as tying up Chinese troops.
While the Soviet Union deployed naval vessels and supplied materiel to Vietnam, they felt that there was simply no way that they could directly support Vietnam against China; the distances were too great to be an effective ally, and any sort of reinforcements would have to cross territory controlled by China or U.S. allies.
Another reason why Moscow did not intervene was because Beijing had promised both Moscow and Washington that the invasion was only a limited war, and that Chinese forces would withdraw after a short incursion.
Deng Xiaoping, because Vietnam's anti-air capabilities were among the best in the world at the time and in order to reassure Moscow it was conducting a limited war, ordered the Chinese navy and air force to remain out of the war; only limited support was provided by the air force.
The PLA quickly advanced about 15–20 kilometres into Vietnam, with fighting mainly occurring in the provinces of Cao Bằng, Lào Cai and Lạng Sơn.
The initial PLA attack soon lost its momentum and a new attack wave was sent in with eight PLA divisions joining the battle.
After capturing the northern heights above Lạng Sơn, the PLA surrounded and paused in front of the city in order to lure the VPA into reinforcing it with units from Cambodia.
This was the main strategic ploy in the Chinese war plan as Deng did not want to risk escalating tensions with the Soviet Union.
On the way back to the Chinese border, the PLA destroyed all local infrastructure and housing and looted all useful equipment and resources (including livestock), severely weakening the economy of Vietnam's northernmost provinces.
Both sides declared victory with China claiming to have crushed the Vietnamese resistance and Vietnam claiming to have repelled the invasion using mostly border militias.
Henry J. Kenny, a research scientist for US Center for Naval Analyses, notes that most Western writers agree that Vietnam outperformed the PLA on the battlefield.
China and Vietnam each lost thousands of troops, and China lost 3.45 billion yuan in overhead, which delayed completion of their 1979–80 economic plan.
In response to the defection of Hoàng Văn Hoan, a purge was launched to cleanse the Communist Party of Vietnam of pro-Chinese elements and persons who had surrendered to the advancing Chinese troops during the war.
Although Vietnam continued to occupy Cambodia, China successfully mobilized international opposition to the occupation, rallying such leaders as Cambodia's deposed king Norodom Sihanouk, Cambodian anticommunist leader Son Sann, and high-ranking members of the Khmer Rouge to deny the pro-Vietnamese Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia diplomatic recognition beyond the Soviet bloc.
In contrast, Vietnam's decreasing prestige in the region led it to be more dependent on the Soviet Union, to which it leased a naval base at Cam Ranh Bay.
Vietnamese sources claimed the PLA had suffered 62,500 total casualties, including 550 military vehicles, and 115 artillery pieces destroyed; while Chinese democracy activist Wei Jingsheng told western media in 1980 that the Chinese troops had suffered 9,000 dead and about 10,000 wounded during the war.
The official Nhân Dân newspaper claimed that Vietnam suffered more than 10,000 civilian deaths during the Chinese invasion and earlier on 17 May 1979, reported statistics on heavy losses of industry and agricultural properties.
The 238 Chinese soldiers surrendered after getting separated from their main unit during the withdrawal from Vietnam and became surrounded by Vietnamese.
The Chinese prisoners reported that they were subjected to torturous and inhumane treatment, such as being blindfolded and having their bodies bound and restrained with metal wire.
Border skirmishes continued throughout the 1980s, including a significant skirmish in April 1984 and a naval battle over the Spratly Islands in 1988 known as the Johnson South Reef Skirmish.
Both nations planned the normalization of their relations in a secret summit in Chengdu in September 1990, and officially normalized ties in November 1991.
There was an adjustment of the land border, resulting in Vietnam giving China part of its land which was lost during the battle, including the Ai Nam Quan Gate which served as the traditional border marker and entry point between Vietnam and China, which caused widespread frustration within Vietnam.
In January 2009 the border demarcation was officially completed, signed by Deputy Foreign Minister Vu Dung on the Vietnamese side and his Chinese counterpart, Wu Dawei, on the Chinese side.
Both the Paracel (called Hoàng Sa in Vietnam, Xīshā in China) and Spratly (Trường Sa in Vietnam, Nansha in China) islands remain a point of contention.
The Third Indochina War was a series of interconnected armed conflicts, mainly among the various communist factions over strategic influence in Indochina after peace between the United States and North Vietnam had been concluded in January 1973.
In 1975 initial military engagements arose between communist Vietnam and the Cambodian Khmer Rouge regime, which resulted in the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia for over a decade.
China had hardly opposed Vietnam's active role in the suppression of the anti-communist Insurgency in Laos, however it strongly objected to the invasion of Cambodia.
Chinese armed forces launched a punitive operation in February 1979 and attacked Vietnam's northern provinces, determined to contain Soviet/Vietnamese influence and prevent territorial gains in the region.
In order to acquire full control over Cambodia the People's Army of Vietnam needed to dislodge the remaining Khmer Rouge leaders and units, which had retreated to the remote areas along the Thai-Cambodian border.
His denouncement of Stalin and his purges, the introduction of more moderate communist policies and foreign policy of peaceful coexistence with the West angered China's leadership.
Mao Zedong had been following a strict Stalinistic course, that insisted on the cult of personality as a unifying force of the nation.
Disagreements over technical assistance for developing China's nuclear weapons and basic economic policies further alienated the Soviets and the Chinese as opposing forces of communist influence across the globe.
As decolonization movements began to pick up speed in the 1960s and many such countries descended into violence, both of the communist powers competed for political control of the various nations or competing factions in ongoing civil war fights.
From 1958 on Northern and Southern Vietnamese combat troops also began to infiltrate the remote jungles of eastern Cambodia where they continued the Ho Chi Minh trail.
After the Fall of Saigon and Phnom Penh in April and May 1975 and the subsequent communist takeover in Laos five months later, Indochina was dominated by communist regimes.
Armed border clashes between Cambodia and Vietnam soon flared up and escalated as Khmer Rouge forces advanced deep into Vietnamese territory, raided villages and killing hundreds of civilians.
Vietnam counter attacked and in December 1978, NVA troops invaded Cambodia, reaching Phnom Penh in January 1979 and arriving at the Thai border in spring 1979.
However, as China, the U.S. and the majority of the international community opposed the Vietnamese campaign, the remaining Khmer Rouge managed to permanently settle in the Thai-Cambodian border region.
In a United Nations Security Council meeting, seven non-aligned members drafted a resolution for a ceasefire and Vietnamese withdrawal which failed due to opposition from the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia.
Thailand tolerated the presence of the Khmer Rouge on its soil as they helped to contain the Vietnamese and Thai domestic guerillas.
Over the course of the following decade, the Khmer Rouge received considerable support from Vietnam's enemies and served as a bargaining tool in the Realpolitik of Thailand, China, the ASEAN and the U.S.
The fact that Vietnamese forces continued to stay in Cambodia for another decade implies that China's campaign was a strategic failure.
On the other hand, the conflict had proven that China had succeeded in preventing effective Soviet support for its Vietnamese ally.
As forces remained mobilized, the Vietnamese Army and the Chinese People's Liberation Army engaged in another decade-long series of border disputes and naval clashes that lasted until 1990.
Prolonged hostile relations with China had been recognized as to be detrimental to economic reforms, national security and the regime's survival.
Astor moved with his family to England in 1891, became a British subject in 1899, and was made a peer as Baron Astor in 1916 and Viscount Astor in 1917 for his contributions to war charities.
He worked for a short time in law practice and in the management of his father's estate of financial and real estate holdings.
After some time practicing law, Astor thought he had found his true calling and an opportunity to make a name for himself outside of his family's fortune by entering the political realm.
He was elected as a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 11th D.) in 1878; and of the New York State Senate (10th D.) in 1880 and 1881.
Astor was likely supported by the boss of the New York State Republican machine, Roscoe Conkling, with whom his family was involved.
Upon the death of his father in February 1890, Astor inherited a personal fortune that made him the richest man in America.
In 1890, he initiated construction of the luxurious Waldorf Hotel in New York, being built on the site of his former residence.
To disappear from public view, in the summer of 1892, Astor faked his own death by having his staff report to American reporters that he had died, apparently from pneumonia.
The estate of over 3,500 acres had at its centre a castle built in 1270 where Anne Boleyn lived as a child.
In 1906 he gave his eldest son Waldorf Astor and his new daughter-in-law, Nancy Witcher Langhorne, the Cliveden estate as a wedding present.
In 1908, building on his success with the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York he financed The Waldorf Hotel in London's West End.
His gifts to the war charities included $125,000 to the Prince of Wales's National Relief Fund; a similar amount to Princess Louise's Officers' Families Fund; $200,000 to the British Red Cross Society; $25,000 to Queen Mary's Employment Committee; and a similar sum to the Lord Mayor's National Bands Fund.
In recognition of his work for charity, on January 1, 1916, he was offered and accepted a peerage of the United Kingdom under the title of Baron Astor of Hever Castle in the County of Kent.
On October 18, 1919 he unexpectedly died of heart failure in the lavatory of his seaside house at Brighton in Sussex.
Peter Murray Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth, (1 May 1930 – 28 April 1997) was the Lord Chief Justice of England from 1992 until 1996.
Taylor came from a Yiddish-speaking Jewish family who had emigrated to England from Marijampolė and Vilnius, Lithuania; the original name of the family was Teiger or Teicher.
His father Louis was born in Leeds to where the family had emigrated, and became a doctor; his mother came from the rabbinical Palterovich family who had emigrated to Leeds in 1895 (Taylor was therefore a distant cousin of actress Gwyneth Paltrow).
By the time of his birth, the family were living in Newcastle upon Tyne; Taylor passed the 11-plus and attended the Royal Grammar School.
During World War II, Newcastle was subject to bombing raids and Taylor was evacuated to Penrith where he lived in a house without either running water or mains electricity.
He conducted mainly criminal cases, often for the prosecution, and at a very early age 'took silk' to become a Queen's Counsel in 1967; he occasionally appeared for the defence and on one such occasion, the reactionary judge Melford Stevenson deemed him a threat to the administration of justice.
Taylor attracted attention from 1973 when he appeared for the prosecution in several cases connected to the corrupt architect John Poulson, including that of Poulson himself.
In 1974, Taylor successfully prosecuted Judith Ward who was convicted of a series of IRA bombings (many years later, the conviction was found to have been a miscarriage of justice, mostly through Ward's delusions of her own guilt).
He also prosecuted Stefan Kiszko in July 1976, in what would become one of the most notorious miscarriages of justice in British Law in the 20th Century.
Taylor also took on John Ryman, a fellow Barrister and Labour Member of Parliament for Blyth Valley who was found to have submitted fraudulent election expenses.
The most high-profile trial in which Taylor appeared took place in 1979 and the defendant was former Liberal Party leader Jeremy Thorpe who was accused of conspiracy to murder.
Although all involved were acquitted, most observers put this down to the summing-up of the trial judge and the malpractice of the prosecution witnesses; Taylor won praise for his handling of the case.
His opening address is frequently quoted; Taylor's style of oratory was deliberately concise and straightforward but he had a talent for a punning literary allusion.
Taylor had been first appointed a recorder (part-time judge) in 1969 and served as a recorder in the Crown Court from 1972.
After serving as Chairman of the Bar Council for 1979-80, he was made a full High Court judge in the Queen's Bench Division, receiving the customary knighthood.
In 1983 Taylor held that a Pakistani man who had pronounced Talaq and notified the authorities in Pakistan had not divorced his wife according to English law.
The next year, he held that Nottinghamshire police had acted negligently in firing CS gas into a house knowing there would be a fire risk and not having fire engines on standby.
In 1987 he stated that he did not accept that a judge could not inquire further when a minister raised a justification of 'national security' for their actions (the case concerned the telephone tapping of Joan Ruddock).
There he became known to the public on 17 April 1989 when he was commissioned by the government to undertake an inquiry into the Hillsborough disaster two days previously.
The Taylor Report he produced led to the introduction of all-seater stadium at all top English football clubs, and the removal of fences around fans sitting areas.
Taylor's recommendations, published on 29 January 1990, stated that all First and Second Division (which became the Premier League and Division One in 1992) stadiums had to be all-seater by August 1994, and that the rest of the Football League should follow suit by August 1999.
However, the Football Association later ruled that the smaller clubs could retain standing accommodation provided that their stadiums met safety requirements, while clubs promoted to the upper reaches of the league would be allowed standing accommodation at their stadiums for up to three years after promotion.
This was partly because a backlog had grown up but also because of the much increased concern over a series of cases going back many years which were being proved to be miscarriages of justice.
Taylor differed from his immediate predecessor in considering this an immensely serious issue, and knew from his own experience of prosecuting Judith Ward and Stefan Kiszko that many more cases could come to light.
This led him to strong support of the full disclosure of prosecution evidence (he also supported moves towards disclosure of defence evidence).
Taylor was with the grain of public opinion in supporting stronger sentences on drunk drivers who killed, and he also extended the range of defences available to domestic violence victims who fought back.
Because of his unusual openness, his view was often heard on matters of political controversy: he could live with the change to allow juries to draw adverse inferences from defendant's silence when interviewed, but opposed moves restricting the right of an accused to elect trial by jury.
In 1859 he was elected to the House of Assembly as a member of the Conservative Party of Newfoundland and became a supporter of Canadian confederation.
He lost his seat in the 1869 election on confederation but returned in 1874 and served as Solicitor-General in the government of Sir Frederick Carter before becoming Premier in 1878 when he succeeded Carter as leader of the Conservatives.
While serving as Solicitor-General, Whiteway was one of the counsel representing the British Government before the Halifax Fisheries Commission, which adjudicated a dispute over north Atlantic fishing rights between the British Empire and the United States.
Whiteway's major policy ambition was the construction of the transinsular railway spanning the island which was begun in 1881 and which he believed would spur economic development of the colony.
In 1885 his Conservative party was destroyed by sectarian riots at Harbour Grace which resulted in several Protestants leaving the Whiteway government in protest over its conciliatory attitude towards Catholics.
In Opposition Whiteway founded a new Liberal Party of Newfoundland which won office in 1889 returning Whiteway as Premier on the issue of the railway.
On April 3, 1894, while the trials were still underway, Whiteway asked Governor of Newfoundland Sir Herbert Murray to dissolve the House of Assembly for a new election.
The Governor refused and asked the Tory leader, Augustus F. Goodridge to form a government despite the fact that the Tories had only 12 seats to 21 for the Liberals.
As Liberal seats were declared vacant due to guilty verdicts the standings in the House at the end of the process in August were 8 Conservatives, 9 Liberals and 19 vacancies.
Whiteway himself had been found guilty, his seat declared vacant, and under the provisions of the law he was barred from seeking election to the House of Assembly or sitting in government.
The Governor enabled Goodridge to remain in office by continually proroguing the House in order to prevent the government's fall through a Motion of No Confidence.
By-elections were held throughout the fall in which the Liberals retained the seats they had been disbarred from, losing just two, while picking up two from the Conservatives in return.
In the face of Newfoundland's financial crisis following the bank crash, Whiteway's government began a new round of negotiations with Canada to bring Newfoundland into confederation but the discussions were unsuccessful.
William Vallance Whiteway, Q.C., married as his second wife, October 22, 1872, Catherine Anne Davies, daughter of W. H. Davies, of Pictou, Nova Scotia.
Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, DL (19 May 1879 – 30 September 1952) was an American-born English politician and newspaper proprietor.
There Waldorf attended Eton College and New College, Oxford, where he did not distinguish himself academically but excelled as a sportsman, earning accolades for both fencing and polo.
For the Oxford University Polo Club he played side on side with Devereux Milburn in successive Varsity Matches, winning by a margin of 14 goals on both occasions.
In 1905, while a passenger on an Atlantic voyage returning to Britain, Astor met Nancy Langhorne Shaw, a divorced woman with a young son (Robert Gould Shaw III).
As a wedding gift, Waldorf's father gave him and his bride the family estate at Cliveden, which Nancy redecorated and modernised with the installation of electricity.
Though defeated in an initial attempt to win election to the House of Commons in the January 1910 general election, Astor won election as a Unionist for the borough of Plymouth in the December 1910 general election.
He held the seat until the constituency was abolished in 1918, after which he moved to the borough of Plymouth Sutton.
Northcliffe and Garvin had a disagreement over the issue of Imperial Preference, and Northcliffe had given Garvin the option of finding a buyer for the paper.
Though his father provided the funds, it was Waldorf who was in charge of the paper, and he developed a harmonious working relationship with Garvin.
Having been diagnosed with a bad heart, Astor was unable to serve in combat and instead fought waste and inefficiency in munitions production.
When his friend David Lloyd George became prime minister and formed a new coalition government, Astor became his parliamentary private secretary.
Upon the death of his father in October 1919, Waldorf Astor succeeded to the viscountcy and became the 2nd Viscount Astor despite Waldorf's attempts to disclaim the title.
Now a member of the House of Lords, Astor was forced to forfeit his seat in the House of Commons, though he remained active in the government.
The seat was won subsequently in a by-election by Astor's wife Nancy, who became the second woman elected to the House of Commons and the first woman to take her seat in the House, after the first woman elected, Constance Markievicz, had declined in accordance with her (Sinn Féin) party's policy.
He became governor of the Peabody Trust and Guy's Hospital, while his interest in international relations fuelled his involvement with the Royal Institute of International Affairs, and he served as its chairman from 1935 to 1949.
He was also a considerable benefactor to the city of Plymouth, and served as its Lord Mayor from 1939 to 1944.
He was appointed Honorary Colonel of the Devonport, Plymouth-based Devonshire Heavy Brigade, Royal Artillery of the Territorial Army on 5 April 1929.
He later bought two other fillies/mares called Maid of the Mist and Popinjay and these three became the foundation mares of Astor’s Cliveden Stud that he established near to his home.
These were; Two Thousand Guineas Stakes:- Craig an Eran (1921), Pay Up (1936) and Court Martial (1945); One Thousand Guineas Stakes:- Winkipop (1910) and Saucy Sue (1925); Oaks Stakes:- Sunny Jane (1917), Pogrom (1922), Saucy Sue (1925), Short Story (1926) and Pennycomequick (1929); and St Leger Stakes:- Book Law (1927).
In addition to these successes he had 4 winners of the Eclipse Stakes, 3 winners of the St. James's Palace Stakes and 2 winners of the Champion Stakes.
He handed over his stud to his eldest son William and divided his bloodstock between William and his youngest son Jakie (John Jacob).
The eldest son continued using his racing colours of pale blue and pink and Jakie’s colours were a variation on this.
During the military buildup in Germany in the 1930s, the Astors promoted entente with Germany, seen by some as appeasement of Hitler.
Many of their associates felt sympathy for the state of Germany after World War I, feared Communism, and supported the position of the British government.
He also supported war against Germany when it came although both remained uncomfortable with Joseph Stalin as an ally (from 1941).
Viscount Astor died on 30 September 1952 at Cliveden near Taplow, England, and was buried in the Octagon Temple at Cliveden.
The Radicals were a loose parliamentary political grouping in Great Britain and Ireland in the early to mid-19th century, who drew on earlier ideas of radicalism and helped to transform the Whigs into the Liberal Party.
The Radical movement arose in the late 18th century to support parliamentary reform, with additional aims including lower taxes and the abolition of sinecures.
The 1832 parliament elected on the new franchise – which raised the percentage of the adult population eligible to vote from some 3% to 6% – contained some fifty or sixty Radicals, a number shortly doubled in the 1835 election, leading many to envisage a House of Commons eventually divided between Radicals on the one side and Conservatives (Tories and Whigs) on the other.
In fact, the Radicals failed either to take over an existing party, or to create a new, third force and there were three main reasons.
Secondly, there was the wide body of reforming opinion inside (and outside) Parliament concerned with other, unrelated issues, including international liberalism, anti-slavery, educational and temperance reform, non-conformist disabilities.
Instead, humanitarian Radicals opposed philosophic Radicals over the Factory Acts; political Radicals seeking a slimmed-down executive opposed Benthamite interventionists; universal suffrage men competed for time and resources with free traders – the Manchester men.
By 1859, the Radicals had come together with the Whigs and the anti-protectionist Tory Peelites to form the Liberal Party, though with the New Radicalism of figures like Joseph Chamberlain they continued to have a distinctive political influence into the closing years of the nineteenth century.
Meanwhile Radical leaders like Richard Cobden and John Bright in the middle class Anti-Corn Law League emerged to oppose the existing duties on imported grain which helped farmers and landowners by raising the price of food, but which harmed consumers and manufacturers.
After the success of the League on the one hand and the failure of Chartist mass demonstrations and petitions in 1848 to sway parliament on the other, demand for suffrage and parliamentary reform slowly re-emerged through the parliamentary radicals.
By 1864, with agitation from John Bright and the Reform League, the Liberal Prime Minister Earl Russell introduced a modest bill which was defeated by both Tories and reform Liberals, forcing the government to resign.
A Conservative minority government led by the Earl of Derby and Benjamin Disraeli took office and introduced the Reform Act 1867 – which almost doubled the electorate, giving many working men the vote – in a somewhat opportunistic party fashion.
Further Radical pressure led to the secret ballot (1872) and the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act of 1883, followed by the Representation of the People Act 1884.
Progressive liberals like John Morley and Joseph Chamberlain continued to value radicalism as a unifying bridge between the classes, and a common goal.
The long career of David Lloyd George saw him moving from radical views in the 1890s to becoming Prime Minister in coalition with the Conservatives in 1918.
From 1900 and the rise of the Labour Party and the gradual achievement of the majority of the original Radical goals, Parliamentary Radicalism ceased to function as a political force in the early twentieth century.
The party places itself in the tradition of British parliamentary radicalism and promotes the view that progress towards a more equal and prosperous society can only be achieved through a transfer of power to the public through far-reaching constitutional reform and the adoption of a north European-style social market economy.
In the 2017 general election the party stood one candidate in Henley and it also stood in the 2018 Lewisham East by-election.
He was in the retinue of the comte d'Artois (future King Charles X), and became an officer in a cuirassier regiment.
Although he married a rich heiress from Saint Domingue, he was a founding member of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks in 1788.
He was deputy to the Estates-General of 1789, for the nobility, and was one of the first aristocrats to renounce his privileges on the night of 4 August 1789.
He continued to serve in the National Assembly and National Constituent Assembly and in January 1791 repaid to the Treasury the 60,000 francs it had cost Louis XVI to provide him and his brothers with an education at the École Militaire.
As the Assembly began to divide into factions, Lameth, a constitutional monarchist, was identified with the Feuillants and he was arrested in Rouen on 12 August 1792 for protesting against the Attack on the Tuileries.
He returned to France under the Consulate, was appointed Brigadier General in 1809 and fought in the Spanish War, and was appointed governor of Würzburg (in the Duchy of Würzburg) under the First Empire.
Like his brother Alexandre Lameth (but unlike his other one, Théodore de Lameth), Charles joined the Bourbon camp after the Restoration, succeeding Alexandre as deputy in 1829.
As founder of Cooper, a leading interaction design consultancy, he created the Goal-Directed design methodology and pioneered the use of personas as practical interaction design tools to create high-tech products.
In 1975, soon after he left college and as the first microcomputers became available, Alan Cooper founded his first company, Structured Systems Group (SSG), in Oakland, California, which became one of the first microcomputer software companies.
Ultimately, Cooper developed a dozen original products at Structured Systems Group before he sold his interest in the company in 1980.
Early on, Cooper worked with Gordon Eubanks to develop, debug, document, and publish his business programming language, CBASIC, an early competitor to Bill Gates’ and Paul Allen’s Microsoft BASIC.
Eubanks wrote CBASIC’s precursor, BASIC-E as a student project while at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California with professor Gary Kildall.
Soon thereafter, Eubanks and Kildall invited Cooper to join them at Digital Research as one of four founders of their research and development department.
During the 1980s, Alan Cooper authored several business applications including Microphone II for Windows and an early, critical-path project management program called SuperProject.
Microsoft initially decided not to release the product as a shell for users, but rather to transform it into a professional development tool for their QuickBASIC programming language called Visual Basic, which was widely used for business application development for Windows computers.
This innovation allowed any 3rd party developer to write a widget (control) as a DLL, put it in the Visual Basic directory, and Visual Basic would find it, communicate with it, and present it to the user as a seamless part of the program.
The widget would appear in the tool palette and appropriate menus, and users could incorporate it into their Visual Basic applications.
In 1992, in response to a rapidly consolidating software industry, Cooper began consulting with other companies, helping them design their applications to be more user friendly.
Based on a brief discussion in the book, personas rapidly gained popularity in the software industry due to their unusual power and effectiveness.
Cooper advocates for integrating design into business practice in order to meet customer needs and to build better products faster by doing it right the first time.
Alan Cooper's current focus is on how to effectively integrate the advances of interaction design with the effectiveness of agile software development methods.
It was founded by Sue Cooper and Alan Cooper in 1992 in Menlo Park, CA, under the name 'Cooper Software,' then changing the name to 'Cooper Interaction Design' in 1997. Cooper was the first consulting firm dedicated solely to interaction design.
In 2002, Cooper began offering training classes to the public including topic as interaction design, service design, visual design, and design leadership.
Cooper has served as the President of Cooper (formerly Cooper Interaction Design), a user experience and interaction design consultancy in San Francisco, California since its founding in 1992. Cooper helps their customers with interaction design challenges and offers training courses in software design and development topics, including their Goal-Directed design (under the CooperU brand).
5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK or 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, largely to activate glucose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation when cellular energy is low.
In response to binding AMP and ADP, the net effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipogenesis, activation of adipocyte lipolysis, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells.
Specifically, the γ subunit includes four particular Cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) domains, giving AMPK its ability to sensitively detect shifts in the AMP:ATP ratio.
Binding of one AMP to a Bateman domain cooperatively increases the binding affinity of the second AMP to the other Bateman domain.
As AMP binds both Bateman domains the γ subunit undergoes a conformational change which exposes the catalytic domain found on the α subunit.
It is in this catalytic domain where AMPK becomes activated when phosphorylation takes place at threonine-172 by an upstream AMPK kinase (AMPKK).
The α, β, and γ subunits can also be found in different isoforms: the γ subunit can exist as either the γ1, γ2 or γ3 isoform; the β subunit can exist as either the β1 or β2 isoform; and the α subunit can exist as either the α1 or α2 isoform.
Although the most common isoforms expressed in most cells are the α1, β1, and γ1 isoforms, it has been demonstrated that the α2, β2, γ2, and γ3 isoforms are also expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle.
Due to the presence of isoforms of its components, there are 12 versions of AMPK in mammals, each of which can have different tissue localizations, and different functions under different conditions.
If residue T172 of AMPK's α-subunit is phosphorylated, AMPK is activated; access to that residue by phosphatases is blocked if AMP or ADP can block access for and ATP can displace AMP and ADP.
That residue is phosphorylated by at least three kinases (liver kinase B1 (LKB1) which works in a complex with STRAD and MO25, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase II-(CAMKK2), and TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)) and is dephosphorylated by three phosphatases (protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and Mg2+-/Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase 1E (PPM1E)).
AMPK is regulated allosterically mostly by competitive binding on its gamma subunit between ATP (which allows phosphatase access to T172) and AMP or ADP (each of which blocks access to phosphatases).
The interaction of CaMKK2 with AMPK only involves the alpha and beta subunits of AMPK (AMPK gamma is absent from the CaMKK2 complex), thus rendering regulation of AMPK in this context to changes in calcium levels but not AMP or ADP.
It is also regulated by several protein-protein interactions, and may either be activated or inhibited by oxidative factors; the role of oxidation in regulating AMPK was controversial as of 2016.
When AMPK phosphorylates acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) or sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), it inhibits synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and activates fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation.
AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by phosphorylating Rab-GTPase-activating protein TBC1D1, which ultimately induces fusion of GLUT4 vesicles with the plasma membrane.
AMPK stimulates glycolysis by activating phosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2/3 and activating phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase, and it inhibits glycogen synthesis through inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase.
In the liver, AMPK inhibits gluconeogenesis by inhibiting transcription factors including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) and CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2).
AMPK inhibits the energy-intensive protein biosynthesis process and can also force a switch from cap-dependent translation to cap-independent translation, which requires less energy, by phosphorylation of TSC2, RPTOR, transcription initiation factor 1A.66, and eEF2K.
Activation of AMPK signifies low energy within the cell, so all of the energy consuming pathways like protein synthesis are inhibited, and pathways that generate energy are activated to restore appropriate energy levels in the cell.
Many biochemical adaptations of skeletal muscle that take place during a single bout of exercise or an extended duration of training, such as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity, increased muscle glycogen, and an increase in enzymes which specialize in glucose uptake in cells such as GLUT4 and hexokinase II are thought to be mediated in part by AMPK when it is activated.
Additionally, recent discoveries can conceivably suggest a direct AMPK role in increasing blood supply to exercised/trained muscle cells by stimulating and stabilizing both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Taken together, these adaptations most likely transpire as a result of both temporary and maintained increases in AMPK activity brought about by increases in the AMP:ATP ratio during single bouts of exercise and long-term training.
During a single acute exercise bout, AMPK allows the contracting muscle cells to adapt to the energy challenges by increasing expression of hexokinase II, translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, for glucose uptake, and by stimulating glycolysis.
If bouts of exercise continue through a long-term training regimen, AMPK and other signals will facilitate contracting muscle adaptations by escorting muscle cell activity to a metabolic transition resulting in a fatty-acid oxidation approach to ATP generation as opposed to a glycolytic approach.
AMPK accomplishes this transition to the oxidative mode of metabolism by upregulating and activating oxidative enzymes such as hexokinase II, PPARalpha, PPARdelta, PGC-1, UCP-3, cytochrome C and TFAM.
AMPK activity increases with exercise and the LKB1/MO25/STRAD complex is considered to be the major upstream AMPKK of the 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylating the α subunit of AMPK at Thr-172.
This fact is puzzling considering that although AMPK protein abundance has been shown to increase in skeletal tissue with endurance training, its level of activity has been shown to decrease with endurance training in both trained and untrained tissue.
It is possible that there exists a direct link between the observed decrease in AMPK activity in endurance trained skeletal muscle and the apparent decrease in the AMPK response to exercise with endurance training.
Although AMPKalpha2 activation has been thought to be important for mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training, a recent study investigating the response to exercise training in AMPKa2 knockout mice opposes this idea.
And even though the knockout mice had lower basal markers of mitochondrial density (COX-1, CS, and HAD), these markers increased similarly to the wild type mice after exercise training.
These findings are supported by another study also showing no difference in mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training between wild type and knockout mice.
The C. elegans homologue of AMPK, aak-2, has been shown by Michael Ristow and colleagues to be required for extension of life span in states of glucose restriction mediating a process named mitohormesis.
It is also thought that the decrease in malonyl-CoA occurs as a result of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which may be regulated by AMPK.
MCD is an antagonist to ACC, decarboxylating malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA, resulting in decreased malonyl-CoA and increased CPT-1 and fatty acid oxidation.
HMGR converts 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, which is made from acetyl-CoA, into mevalonic acid, which then travels down several more metabolic steps to become cholesterol.
Insulin, among other things, will then facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells via increased expression and translocation of glucose transporter GLUT-4.
Under conditions of exercise, however, blood sugar levels are not necessarily high, and insulin is not necessarily activated, yet muscles are still able to bring in glucose.
observed that with exercise, the concentration of GLUT-4 was increased in the plasma membrane, but decreased in the microsomal membranes, suggesting that exercise facilitates the translocation of vesicular GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane.
It has been shown that both electrical contraction and AICA ribonucleotide (AICAR) treatment increase AMPK activation, glucose uptake, and GLUT-4 translocation in perfused rat hindlimb muscle, linking exercise-induced glucose uptake to AMPK.
Chronic AICAR injections, simulating some of the effects of endurance training, also increase the total amount of GLUT-4 protein in the muscle cell.
Two proteins are essential for the regulation of GLUT-4 expression at a transcriptional level – myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and GLUT4 enhancer factor (GEF).
These results prompted a study in 2005 which showed that AMPK directly phosphorylates GEF, but it doesn't seem to directly activate MEF2.
AICAR treatment has been shown, however, to increase transport of both proteins into the nucleus, as well as increase the binding of both to the GLUT-4 promoter region.
This phosphorylation keeps glucose from leaving the cell, and by changing the structure of glucose through phosphorylation, it decreases the concentration of glucose molecules, maintaining a gradient for more glucose to be transported into the cell.
Mitochondrial enzymes, such as cytochrome c, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase, increase in expression and activity in response to exercise.
PGC-1α is a transcriptional regulator for genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and is considered the master regulator for mitochondrial biogenesis.
To do this, it enhances the activity of transcription factors like nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), host cell factor (HCF), and others.
They found that all of the subunits of AMPK were increased in skeletal muscle, especially in the soleus and red quadriceps, with thyroid hormone treatment.
Loss of the AMPKα2 subunit in pancreatic beta cells and hypothalamic neurons decreases the sensitivity of these cells to changes in extracellular glucose concentration.
Moreover, exposure of rats to recurrent bouts of insulin induced hypoglycaemia/glucopenia, reduces the activation of AMPK within the hypothalamus, whilst also suppressing the counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia.
A seemingly paradoxical role of AMPK occurs when we take a closer look at the energy-sensing enzyme in relation to exercise and long-term training.
Similar to short-term acute training scale, long-term endurance training studies also reveal increases in oxidative metabolic enzymes, GLUT-4, mitochondrial size and quantity, and an increased dependency on the oxidation of fatty acids; however, Winder et al.
reported in 2002 that despite observing these increased oxidative biochemical adaptations to long-term endurance training (similar to those mentioned above), the AMPK response (activation of AMPK with the onset of exercise) to acute bouts of exercise decreased in red quadriceps (RQ) with training (3 – see Fig.1).
Conversely, the study did not observe the same results in white quadriceps (WQ) and soleus (SOL) muscles that they did in RQ.
Because the AMPK response to exercise decreases with increased training duration, many questions arise that would challenge the AMPK role with respect to biochemical adaptations to exercise and endurance training.
This is due in part to the marked increases in the mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulation of GLUT-4, UCP-3, Hexokinase II along with other metabolic and mitochondrial enzymes despite decreases in AMPK activity with training.
Questions also arise because skeletal muscle cells which express these decreases in AMPK activity in response to endurance training also seem to be maintaining an oxidative dependent approach to metabolism, which is likewise thought to be regulated to some extent by AMPK activity.
It is hypothesized that these adaptive roles to training are maintained by AMPK activity and that the increases in AMPK activity in response to exercise in trained skeletal muscle have not yet been observed due to biochemical adaptations that the training itself stimulated in the muscle tissue to reduce the metabolic need for AMPK activation.
In other words, due to previous adaptations to training, AMPK will not be activated, and further adaptation will not occur, until the intracellular ATP levels become depleted from an even higher intensity energy challenge than prior to those previous adaptations.
The club was formed in 1983 after the dissolution of the town's previous club, Dover F.C., whose place in the Southern League was taken by the new club.
In the 1989–90 season Dover Athletic won the Southern League championship, but failed to gain promotion to the Football Conference as the club's ground did not meet the required standard.
Three seasons later the team won the title again and this time gained promotion to the Conference, where they spent nine seasons before being relegated at the end of the 2001–02 season.
The club was transferred from the Southern League to the Isthmian League in 2004, competing in that league's Premier Division for one season before mounting financial problems led the club to a further relegation.
In the 2007–08 season, Dover won Division One South of the league, before winning the Premier Division in 2008–09 and thus gaining promotion to the Conference South.
They spent five seasons in this division, reaching the play-offs three times, before defeating Ebbsfleet United in the 2013–14 play-off final to finally return to the Conference Premier after a twelve-year absence.
The club's best performance in the FA Cup was reaching the third round proper in both the 2010–11 and 2014–15 seasons, while the best performance registered in the FA Trophy, the national competition for higher-level non-league clubs, was a run to the semi-finals in the 1997–98 season.
The new club took Dover's place in the Southern League Southern Division, with former Dover player Alan Jones as manager and a team consisting mainly of reserve players from the old club.
Under Kinnear the club's fortunes turned round, with two top-five finishes followed by the Southern Division championship, and with it promotion, in the 1987–88 season.
The team started strongly in the Premier Division, finishing in sixth place at the first attempt, and then winning the championship in the 1989–90 season.
The club was denied promotion to the Football Conference, however, as the Crabble Athletic Ground did not meet the standard required for that league.
After finishing fourth and second in the subsequent two seasons, Dover won the title again in the 1992–93 season and this time were admitted to the Conference.
Although Dover finished in eighth place in their first season in the Conference, the following season saw the club struggling against relegation, and Kinnear was dismissed due to a combination of the team's poor performances and his own personal problems.
John Ryan was appointed as the club's new manager, but his reign was a short one and he was dismissed when the club lost seven of its first eight matches in the 1995–96 season.
The club then appointed former England international Peter Taylor as manager, but he was unable to steer the team away from the foot of the table, and Dover held onto their place in the Conference only because Northern Premier League runners-up Boston United failed to submit their application for promotion before the required deadline.
Bill Williams took over as manager in 1997 and led the club to the FA Trophy semi-finals in the 1997–98 season and a best league finish to date of sixth place in the 1999–2000 season.
Amid the crisis the entire board of directors resigned, forcing the club's Supporters' Trust to take over the running of the club, and manager Gary Bellamy was sacked after just six months in the job.
Former Everton goalkeeper Neville Southall took over but was dismissed just three months later, with Clive Walker taking over in March 2002 with the club rooted to the foot of the table.
The club's ongoing financial problems led to it entering a Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA), a process by which insolvent companies offset their debts against future profits, due to debts that were now estimated at £400,000.
In Dover's first season back in the Southern League Premier Division the Whites finished in third place, albeit 17 points adrift of Tamworth, who claimed the one promotion place available that season.
Dover finished the season in 19th place, before being switched to the Isthmian League Premier Division in the summer of 2004 following a re-organisation of the English football league system.
The new season started with six successive defeats, which saw Langley sacked, and the financial problems continued, with the club coming within two months of being closed down.
Dover were relegated to the Isthmian League Division One at the end of the season, but were saved from possible extinction in January 2005 when former director Jim Parmenter returned to head up a consortium that took over the club.
Parmenter quickly sacked manager Steve Browne and convinced Clive Walker to return to the club to replace him, and also arranged for the club's outstanding CVA debts to be cleared, putting the club on a firm financial footing for the first time in many years.
Dover Athletic narrowly missed out on an immediate return to the Premier Division in the 2005–06 season, reaching the play-offs for promotion but losing out to Tonbridge Angels.
The following season Dover again reached the play-offs but lost in the semi-final to Hastings United, after which Walker did not have his contract renewed and was replaced by former Gillingham manager Andy Hessenthaler.
In his first season in charge he led the club to the Division One South championship and promotion to the Isthmian League Premier Division.
In the 2009–10 season, Dover reached the play-offs for promotion to the Conference National, but lost at the semi-final stage to Woking.
The following season the club reached the third round of the FA Cup for the first time after wins over Kent rivals Gillingham in the first round and another League Two club, Aldershot Town, in the second round.
The following season the team reached the second round of the FA Cup, losing 1–0 to Milton Keynes Dons, The last 16 of the FA Trophy, narrowly losing 3–2 to Eastleigh and made the play-offs once more.
A 4–1 aggregate victory over Sutton United in the semi-final set up a match with fellow Kent team Ebbsfleet United in the final.
On 10 May 2014, Dover beat Ebbsfleet 1–0 at Stonebridge Road with a goal from Nathan Elder enough to seal the club's return to the top flight of non-league football for the first time since 2002.
In the 2014–15 season Dover went on another FA Cup run, beating Morecambe 1–0 in the first round, then Cheltenham Town 1–0 in the second round to reach the third round proper for only the second time ever, but lost 4–0 at home to Premier League side Crystal Palace.
The club's crest contains a stylised representation of the town's two most famous landmarks, Dover Castle and the white cliffs, enclosed in a circle bearing the club's name.
The club's shirts have been sponsored by companies including Criccieth Homes, Paul Brown of Dover, Jenkins and Pain, cross-channel ferry operators Hoverspeed and SeaFrance, local car dealership Perry's and are now sponsored by produce suppliers Gomez, the company owned by Dover Athletic chairman Jim Parmenter.
Dover Athletic's home ground since the club's foundation has been the Crabble Athletic Ground, which was also the home of the former Dover club.
Dover Athletic continued to make improvements to the ground, although not in time to allow the club to take its place in the Football Conference in 1990.
In 2007 the club announced that under the new sponsorship deal with SeaFrance the stadium would be known officially as the SeaFrance Crabble Stadium, but a year later it was announced that the deal would not be renewed due to the ferry operator's financial constraints.
On 1 July 2008 local car dealership Perry's was announced as the club's new main sponsor and the stadium rebranded as the Perry's Crabble Stadium, an arrangement which lasted until 2012.
Margate played their home matches at Crabble for two seasons from 2002 until 2004, while their own Hartsdown Park ground was being redeveloped.
In the club's early days Athletic struggled to attract crowds of over 150, but by the time the club reached the Conference, crowds at Crabble were averaging around 1,000.
After the club's relegation to the Isthmian League Division One South, the average attendance fell to just over 800, but when the club returned to the Premier Division for the 2008–09 season, the average attendance at Crabble was 1,293, the highest in the division.
The highest home attendance in the club's history was 5,645 for the match against Crystal Palace in the third round of the FA Cup on 4 January 2015.
Although Athletic's improved monetary position means that the Supporters' Trust is no longer required to financially support the club, it remains active as a fundraising organisation.
Dover Athletic's highest finish in the English football league system was in the 2015–16 season, in which the team finished in fifth place in the National League, the highest level of non-league football and the fifth level overall.
The Whites have made 13 appearances in the final qualifying round of the FA Cup, but have only progressed to the first round proper three times.
In the 2010–11 season, Dover reached the third round for the first time, defeating Football League Two teams Gillingham and Aldershot Town in the first two rounds before losing to Huddersfield Town of Football League One.
In the 1997–98 season the Whites reached the semi-finals of the FA Trophy but missed out on an appearance at Wembley, losing to Cheltenham Town.
The largest number of points the team has accrued is 104 in the 2008-09 season, and the highest total number of goals scored in a season is 89, scored in 40 matches in the 1985–86 season.
The team's biggest ever win was an 8–0 defeat of East Preston in September 2009, and the heaviest defeat was a 7–1 loss to Poole Town in April 1984.
The holder of the record for most appearances for Dover Athletic is Jason Bartlett, who played in 539 matches, and the all-time top goalscorer is Lennie Lee, with 160 goals.
The club's record signing is Dave Leworthy, who joined the club from Farnborough Town in 1993 for £50,000, which at the time was the highest transfer fee ever paid between non-league clubs.
Dover Athletic have had 19 permanent managers (excluding caretaker managers) in the club's 25-year history, with Chris Kinnear's first stint being the longest.
The shortest stay was Ian Hendon who was announced as manager on 28 May 2010 and resigned only 18 days later to join Andy Hessenthaler at Gillingham.
A meeting between the two teams in 2004 was watched by a crowd of 2,278, a record attendance for a league match at Invicta's ground.
In the 2001–02 season, when both teams were in the Football Conference, the two games between Margate and Dover were watched by a combined total of more than 6,000 spectators.
The game played at Margate's Hartsdown Park stadium drew a crowd of 3,676, and 2,325 were in attendance for the game at Dover.
Located in southern England (often said to be Cornwall as this was where the author lived and was explicitly stated as such in the Hitchcock adaptation), Manderley is a typical country estate: it is filled with family heirlooms, is run by a large domestic staff and is open to the public on certain days.
The adult du Maurier's Cornish home near Fowey, called Menabilly, was influential in her descriptions of the setting, though a much smaller house.
Several years after writing the novel, she leased the manor (1945–1967) from the Rashleigh family, who have owned it since the 16th century.
Halévy was born in Paris, son of the cantor Élie Halfon Halévy, who was the secretary of the Jewish community of Paris and a writer and teacher of Hebrew, and a French Jewish mother.
The name Fromental (meaning 'oat grass'), by which he was generally known, reflects his birth on the day dedicated to that plant: 7 Prairial in the French Revolutionary calendar, which was still operative at that time.
He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at the age of nine or ten (accounts differ), in 1809, becoming a pupil and later protégé of Cherubini.
The same year he became professor of harmony and accompaniment at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he was professor of counterpoint and fugue in 1833 and of composition in 1840.
It is probable, however, that this aria was inserted only at the request of the great tenor Adolphe Nourrit, who premiered the role and may have suggested the aria's text.
Other admirers included Wagner, who wrote an enthusiastic review of Halévy's grand operas for the German press in 1841 (Wagner never showed towards Halévy the anti-Jewish animus that was so notorious a feature of his writings on Meyerbeer and Mendelssohn).
He became, however, a leading bureaucrat of the arts, becoming Secretary of the Académie des Beaux-Arts and presiding over committees to determine the standard pitch of orchestral A, to award prizes for operettas, etc.
His wretched wife has crammed his house with bric-a-brac and old furniture, and this new craze will end by driving him to a lunatic asylum.
His new position at the Academy must take up a great deal of his time and make it more and more difficult for him to find the peace and quiet he needs for his work.
After Bizet's death and an alliance with Élie-Miriam Delaborde, the son of Charles-Valentin Alkan, Geneviève married a banker with Rothschild connections and became a leading Parisian salonnière.
The University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), known as the University of Maryland University College until July 1, 2019, is a public university focused on online education and headquartered in Adelphi, Maryland.
UMGC offers classes and programs on campus in its Academic Center in Largo and at satellite campuses across the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, throughout Maryland, and in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
The university offers 120 academic programs in instructor-led and online classes, including bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as undergraduate and graduate certificates.
It also ran a two-year residential campus in Munich, Germany, from 1950 to 1992, which then moved to Augsburg, Germany, from 1993 to 1994, and then to Mannheim, Germany, in 1995 until it finally closed in 2005.
The residential campus offered a two-year associate degree and mainly served high school graduate children of U.S. military and government personnel stationed in Europe.
In 2008 UMUC offered courses on over 130 military installations at locations throughout Europe and the Middle East, as well as in Asia.
In FY 2015, UMGC offered on-site classes in 20 countries throughout the world, enrolling almost 11,000 students, in Asia and Europe.
When UMUC first opened in 1947, the school was named College of Special and Continuation Studies to distinguish it as an institution independent from the University of Maryland, College Park.
In 1953, Raymond Ehrensberger, chancellor of the institution at that time, wanted to change the name to something more meaningful and less cumbersome for people to say and remember.
In 1959, Chancellor Ehrensberger persuaded the University System of Maryland's Board of Regents to change the name to University of Maryland University College.
Therefore, UMUC was not a division of the University of Maryland, College Park, but rather a separate institution within the University System of Maryland.
The name change request was submitted as SB 201 and HB 319 in the 2019 regular session of the Maryland General Assembly.
The name change was enacted into law on April 18, 2019 when the bill was signed by Maryland Governor Larry Hogan.
Even before the advent of online education by way of the World Wide Web, UMGC was a distance education pioneer and offered distance learning using its WebTycho interface by way of dial-up access.
UMGC later adopted the use of the Web for connectivity to its online classrooms, as well as using television and correspondence courses to deliver course content.
The Undergraduate School offers more than 30 bachelor's degree programs and undergraduate certificates, awarded in business management, computers/information technology, communications, criminal justice/legal studies, and social sciences.
In an attempt to establish its own identity as an independent university, UMGC changed its postal address to Adelphi, an unincorporated community that borders College Park.
The marketing decision to change its postal address was one of many undertaken by UMGC to distinguish the university as one of the largest distance-education centers, with over 248,000 students enrolled worldwide in FY 2015.
UMGC purchased for $38 million its new headquarters building in Largo, Maryland, which was once the headquarters site for Hechinger and corporate offices of Raytheon.
UMGC followed the same process as it did to achieve LEED certification in 2005 for its Inn & Conference Center, which became the first hotel complex in the United States to achieve certification as a green building.
UMGC began relocating its academic departments and offices to its new Academic Center at Largo in September 2009, and completed the process in 2010.
UMGC operates satellite campuses at more than 140 worldwide locations, including across the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, the United States, Europe, and Asia.
In the greater Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, daytime, evening and weekend classes are held at 21 locations, including holding many of its classes at the University of Maryland, College Park campus.
The satellite campuses offer varying academic services, including advising, computing, and library facilities (extensive library services are available to distance education students via the University's Information and Library Services department).
In partnership with Maryland community colleges and other University System of Maryland institutions, UMGC offers courses and degree programs at several higher education centers throughout the state.
A consortium of universities led by Anne Arundel Community College, including UMGC, operates a higher education center adjacent to Arundel Mills mall in Hanover, Maryland.
In addition, the University offers courses at the Universities at Shady Grove and University System of Maryland at Hagerstown, which are part of the University System of Maryland.
In Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, UMGC offers courses on military bases for service members, contractors, Federal employees, and their families.
In addition to distance learning via the Web, the university offers on-site, instructor-led classes at 130 overseas US military bases in 22 countries throughout the world.
UMGC divisional headquarters are located in Kaiserslautern, Germany (following the closure of United States Army Garrison Heidelberg) and on Yokota Air Base, Tokyo, Japan, respectively.
UMGC specializes in distance learning for adult, non-traditional students in Maryland, across the country, and around the world by operating satellite campuses and offering online instruction.
Over a third of UMGC's stateside students were African-American, and this minority group earned over a third of the degrees awarded by the university.
The publication looked at U.S. Department of Education statistics on student success and academic quality, as well as areas such as university culture, student support, and academic policies in evaluating hundreds of schools.
In 2011, UMGC received the Institution Award from the Council of College and Military Educators (CCME), a not-for-profit organization founded to promote, encourage and deliver quality education to service members and their families in all branches of the U.S. armed services.
It was one of the first blues songs to succeed as a pop song and remains a fundamental part of jazz musicians' repertoire.
Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Bessie Smith, Count Basie, Glenn Miller, Guy Lombardo, and the Boston Pops Orchestra are among the artists who have recorded it.
The 1925 version sung by Bessie Smith, with Louis Armstrong on cornet, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1993.
At the time of his death in 1958, Handy was earning royalties of upwards of US$25,000 annually for the song ().
The original published sheet music is available online from the United States Library of Congress in a searchable database of African-American music from Brown University.
The tango-like rhythm is notated as a dotted quarter note followed by an eighth note and two quarter notes, with no slurs or ties.
With traditional New Orleans and New Orleans–style bands, the tune is one of a handful that includes a set traditional solo.
The clarinet solo, with a distinctive series of rising partials, was first recorded by Larry Shields with the Original Dixieland Jass Band in 1921.
Shields is often credited with creating this solo, but claims have been made for other early New Orleans clarinetists, including Emile Barnes.
This backs the claim by Waters, who said she learned it from Anderson and featured it herself during a 1917 engagement in Baltimore.
Bernard's version may have been the first U.S. issue to include the lyrics, but Ciro's Club Coon Orchestra, a group of black American artists appearing in Britain, had already recorded a version including the lyrics in September 1917.
The Opéra-Comique is a Paris opera company, which was founded around 1714 by some of the popular theatres of the Parisian fairs.
In 1762 the company was merged with, and for a time took the name of its chief rival the Comédie-Italienne at the Hôtel de Bourgogne, and was also called the Théâtre-Italien up to about 1793, when it again became most commonly known as the Opéra-Comique.
Today the company's official name is Théâtre national de l'Opéra-Comique, and its theatre, with a capacity of around 1,248 seats, sometimes referred to as the Salle Favart (the third on this site), is located in Place Boïeldieu, in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, not far from the Palais Garnier, one of the theatres of the Paris Opéra.
The musicians and others associated with the Opéra-Comique have made important contributions to operatic history and tradition in France, and to French opera.
Its current mission is to reconnect with its history, and discover its unique repertoire, to ensure production and dissemination of operas for the wider public.
Since the Middle Ages popular light theatrical entertainments had been a part of the seasonal Parisian fairs, especially the Foire Saint-Germain and the Foire Saint-Laurent.
However, with the establishment in 1672 of King Louis XIV's Académie royale de Musique (popularly known as the Opéra) under Jean-Baptiste Lully, the use of music by fair troupes was significantly curtailed.
The fair theatres were soon viewed as competition by the Opéra and the Comédie-Française, and restrictions were again more strictly enforced.
Although in 1708 the fairground entrepreneurs Charles Alard and Maurice were able to purchase from the Opéra's director Pierre Guyenet the right to use singers, dancers, musicians, and sets, this did not last as Guyenet died in 1712, leaving the Opéra with a debt in the neighborhood of 400,000 livres.
The players next tried including vaudeville airs via audience participation: the musicians would play a popular tune, and the spectators would sing, while the actors remained silent.
In 1713 and 1714 several of the fair troupes were able to conclude a new series of agreements with the creditors of the deceased Guyenet, who at this point had become the managers of the rather expensive Opéra.
For an annual fee the troupes obtained the right to perform light comedies interspersed with songs and dances and to use sets and theatre machines.
In 1716 one of the troupes' leaders, Catherine Vanderberg purchased additional rights and began to present more original works by authors, such as Jacques-Philippe d'Orneval, Alexis Piron, and Louis Fuzelier.
In 1743 the impresario Jean Monnet paid 12,000 livres to the Opéra for the right to run the Opéra-Comique, He renovated the theatre and brought together a group of highly talented creative artists, including, besides Favart, who also worked as a stage director, the comedian Préville, the stage designer François Boucher, and the ballet master Dupré and his pupil Jean-Georges Noverre.
During his second period as director, Monnet continued to work with Favart and Noverre, and Boucher designed and built a substantial new theatre for the company of the Foire Saint-Laurent in 1752.
The theatre was later installed in a wing of the Hôtel des Menus-Plaisirs on the rue Bergère, where it was used by the Opéra in 1781, and then as the first concert hall of the Paris Conservatory, which was founded on the same site in 1795.
The new theatre was especially important, as it enabled the company to perform at times when the fair was not in operation.
The music was actually original, composed by Antoine Dauvergne, and began a period of new works in a more Italian style in which music played a much more significant role.
On 3 February 1762 the Opéra-Comique was merged into the Comédie-Italienne and occupied the Hôtel de Bourgogne, gaining in respectability what it lost in independence.
The company was renamed to Opéra-Comique by an edict of the king in 1780, although the names Comédie-Italienne and Théâtre Italien were still used frequently by the press and public for many years thereafter.
With the proliferation of opera houses after the Law of 1791 which removed restrictions on the opening of theatres, there was competition with the Théâtre Feydeau, which was resolved in 1801 by merger.
In 1840, the Opéra-Comique company settled in the second Salle Favart (architect Louis Charpentier; 1,500 seats), built on the site of the first theatre, destroyed by fire in 1838.
During the 1850s and 1860s the Théâtre Lyrique offered competition in the type of repertoire staged, being particularly strong in its policy of new commissions.
The building was destroyed and the director Léon Carvalho was forced to resign, although later he was acquitted of blame and resumed the helm at the company from 1891 to 1897.
The third Salle Favart (architect Louis Bernier) was officially opened in the presence of President Félix Faure on 7 December 1898.
Between 1900 and 1950, 401 works by 206 different composers were performed at the Opéra-Comique, of which 222 were either world premieres (136) or the first performance in Paris (86).
In 1939 financial problems resulted in the Opéra-Comique being merged with the Opéra to become the 'Réunion des Théatres Lyriques Nationaux'.
However, by the end of the Second World War, the Opéra-Comique's best artists, assets and repertory had been gradually taken from it to enrich the Opéra.
However, in 1972 the Opéra-Comique company was closed (although the theatre itself received visiting productions) and its government grant added to that of the Opéra.
It currently mounts 7 or 8 operas or opéra comiques (some of them co-productions), with complementary concerts, recitals and exhibitions, each season.
In the summer of 2015 the theatre closed for 18 months for major refurbishment including the costume department, the salle Bizet, and the hall Boieldieu.
During the closure a webopera and a fan zone at the UEFA Cup where spectators were invited to sing well-known opéra-comique songs took place.
An ethical dilemma or ethical paradox is a decision-making problem between two possible moral imperatives, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable.
Sometimes called ethical paradoxes in moral philosophy, ethical dilemmas may be invoked to refute an ethical system or moral code, or to improve it so as to resolve the paradox.
A popular ethical conflict is that between an imperative or injunction not to steal and one to care for a family that you cannot afford to feed without stolen money.
Debates on this often revolve around the availability of alternate means of income or support such as a social safety net, charity, etc.
Under an ethical system in which stealing is always wrong and letting one's family die from starvation is always wrong, a person in such a situation would be forced to commit one wrong to avoid committing another, and be in constant conflict with those whose view of the acts varied.
Karl Marx and marxist ethics, it is the different life experience of people and the different exposure of them and their families in these roles (the rich constantly robbing the poor, the poor in a position of constant begging and subordination) that creates social class differences.
Many schools do not limit their use to sport but may also give colours for academic excellence or non-sporting extra-curricular activities, Colours are traditionally indicated by the wearing of a special tie or blazer.
Many university colours are known by the name of the colour used, which is usually the colour work by the university's sports teams, e.g.
A full Palatinate at Durham, a Royal Blue at Liverpool or Full Colours at Cardiff require a student to have represented their country, while at Oxford the requirement for a full Blue is to have represented the university in a varsity match against Cambridge in an eligible sport.
At Cambridge, teams would seek permission of the boat club to use their blue colour; by the 1860s the established sports with full blue status were rowing, cricket and athletics.
In 1884, the rugby and football clubs awarded themselves blues following their varsity matches (against Oxford), leading to a debate at the Cambridge Union that was decisively lost by the boat club.
The hockey club also gained full blue status (in 1894) before the system was formalised by the establishment of the blues committee in 1912.
blazer) of palatinate purple target than the claret coat of the club, and the award of both Palatinates and half Palatinates was well established by the end of the century.
The Oak Street Connector, officially known as the Richard C. Lee Highway (named after former New Haven mayor Richard C. Lee), is a freeway section of Route 34 that is located in downtown New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
Much of the connector has been closed to traffic as part of the first phase of the New Haven Downtown Crossing Project.
As originally planned in 1957, the Connector was supposed to extend as a full expressway extending ten miles (16 km) westward from New Haven to a proposed interchange with Route 8 in the vicinity of the towns of Derby or Shelton, depending on the alignment selected for construction.
The highway replaced Oak Street (formerly Morocco Street) which had been a poor area since the days when leather workers congregated along West Creek.
The freeway was also meant to bring cars into the city and facilitate the east–west flow of traffic between New Haven and its growing western suburbs.
Other plans for the highway to be extended into a larger expressway from New Haven to Peekskill, New York were shelved in the mid-1970s, following successful challenges by highway opponents.
The right-of-way between South Frontage Road and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard (originally North Frontage Road) in New Haven to Route 10 was preserved for a future extension of the connector past Route 10 to rejoin the existing Route 34 at a signalized intersection west of Route 122 in Orange.
A small portion of the planned freeway extension that was built in Orange during the 1980s is now used as a commuter parking lot.
During Connecticut's budget crisis of 2002, the State of Connecticut sold off land acquired for numerous planned expressways throughout the state, including land set aside for extending the Oak Street Connector.
The Pfizer deal ensured the Oak Street Connector could not be extended beyond its terminus at the Air Rights Parking Garage near Yale-New Haven Hospital.
After the completion of the Pfizer research facility in 2005, New Haven Mayor John DeStefano, Jr. and several leaders of local civic groups began pushing the Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) to study removing the existing Oak Street Connector (re-routing traffic onto Legion Avenue and M.L.K.
The project would remove the portion of the Oak Street Connector west of South Orange Street, creating two large parcels of land divided by College Street on which buildings and developments could be built.
Inbound traffic would be re-routed onto Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard (aka North Frontage Road) while outbound traffic would be re-routed onto Legion Avenue (aka South Frontage Road).
The road bed of the original highway would be reused as a driveway to and from the Air Rights Garage, allowing commuters to reach the Air Rights Garage while avoiding traffic on College and Church streets.
The segment of the Oak Street Connector east of South Orange Street was retained as a freeway stub connecting the new frontage streets with the I-95/I-91 interchange, which itself was also rebuilt from 2011 to 2016.
The removal of this freeway stub would be part of a larger project called New Haven Downtown Crossing which seeks to reconnect New Haven's street grid which was originally disconnected by the construction of the connector.
One factor that would argue against demolition of the connector is the fact that it serves as the main route for ambulances from Yale New Haven Hospital to get out of downtown, thus removing the highway would degrade service to outer neighborhoods and increase response times.
ConnDOT and the City of New Haven began preparing the environmental impact statement for removing the Oak Street Connector in 2011, and in mid-2013 construction began on phase one of Downtown Crossing began which completed the aforementioned upgrades to Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, as well as construction of 100 College Street.
The Oak Street Connector west of South Orange Street officially closed to westbound traffic on July 14, 2014, with traffic re-routed onto the newly-rebuilt Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.
The town expanded significantly after Napoleon I chose the site as the new préfecture of the Vendée on 25 May 1804, replacing Fontenay-le-Comte (then under its revolutionary name of Fontenay-le-Peuple).
At the time, most of La Roche had been eradicated in the Vendée Revolt (1793–96); the renamed Napoléonville was laid out and a fresh population of soldiers and civil servants was brought in.
La Roche-sur-Yon is the chief town of the Arrondissement of La Roche-sur-Yon, which covers 11 cantons, 92 communes, and has a population of 230,386 (1999 census).
La Roche-sur-Yon's Vendéspace hosted one of the first round ties of the 2014 Davis Cup tennis tournament over the weekend of 31 January - 2 February 2014.
In 2015 La Roche-sur-Yon, will host the 2015 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup, the first time that a World Cup of roller hockey is held in France.
Body weight is measured in kilograms, a measure of mass, throughout the world, although in some countries such as the United States it is measured in pounds, or as in the United Kingdom, stones and pounds.
Most hospitals, even in the United States, now use kilograms for calculations, but use kilograms and pounds together for other purposes.
Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales.
Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.
There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured.
Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the APLS formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula.
Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.
Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight.
The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.
The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results.
The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body.
Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.
Participants in sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, rowing, judo, Olympic weightlifting, and powerlifting are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms.
See, e.g., wrestling weight classes, boxing weight classes, judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.
It was built as a national monument to the first Duke of Wellington (1769–1852), in honour of whom the College is named.
Many former Wellington pupils fought in the trenches during the First World War, a conflict in which 707 of them lost their lives, many volunteering for military service immediately after leaving school.
The school is a member of the Rugby Group, which includes Harrow, Radley, Shrewsbury, and Winchester, and is also a member of the G20 Schools group.
In 1952 a Supplementary Royal Charter extended the privilege of eligibility to the orphan sons of deceased officers of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Air Force.
By the 1960s, the school was considering becoming co-educational, but for some years the lack of financial resources prevented it from doing so.
A recent change to the scheme of reduced fees early in 2006 extended the privilege to the orphan children of deceased servicemen or servicewomen of Her Majesty's Armed Forces irrespective of rank, and to the orphan children of persons who, in the sole opinion of the Governors, have died in acts of selfless bravery.
For its time, the design of the College was unusual compared to the popular form, but Prince Albert, who assisted in choosing the architect, was more interested in Shaw's classical approach, having already seen the architect's design for the old Royal Naval School in New Cross, London.
There have been several modern buildings, the best of which follow Shaw's grand rococo style: for example, the new Nicholson modern foreign-languages building.
The grounds of the college include a 9-hole golf course, extensive woodland, and many playing fields, particularly those for cricket and rugby.
The grounds contain many unusual ant and spider species, and were frequented by the entomologist Horace Donisthorpe, who collected extensively there.
Notable former pupils include historian P. J. Marshall, Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Field Marshal Sir Geoffrey Baker, military historian Sir Michael Howard, clergyman and author Revd.
Wellington College was one of the 21 founding members of the Rugby Football Union, and pupils at the school have historically played schoolboy rugby of the highest standard.
In 2008, the College became the first school to win the Daily Mail Cup at both U15 and U18 level in the same year, beating Millfield School and St Benedict's School, Ealing in their respective finals at Twickenham on 2 April 2008.
In 2014/15 Wellington College 1st XV won the Rugby World School Team of the Year award, in addition to the National Rugby Awards Team of the Year Prize.
A number of Old Wellingtonians play professional rugby union, including: James Haskell (England), Paul Doran-Jones (England), Max Lahiff (Bath), Sam Edgerly and Christian Lewis-Pratt (both England 7s), Max Evans and Thom Evans (Scotland) Brett Herron (Bath), Sam Aspland-Robinson (Harlequins), Seb Adeniran-Olule (Harlequins), Conor Dolan (Wasps), Rory Brand (London Irish), Matt Williams (London Irish), Isaac Curtis-Harris (London Irish), Tom Parton (London Irish) and Madison Hughes (USA 7s).
The school has one of only around 20 racquets courts in the UK, and until recently three Eton Fives courts, now a café bar as part of the sports club.
The school has a clay pigeon shooting range on site, also having its first female captain of shooting in 2016: Amy Cribb.
Wellington College has been named as number one golf college in the UK on a few occasions with wins in 2009 at St Andrews and 2012 at Carnoustie in the Independent Schools Golf Association (ISGA) National Finals.
The channel is operated entirely by students and produces student-related episode-based content every few weeks as well as one-off short films.
WTV debuted at the 2011 Round Square International Conference, where it interviewed former King Constantine II of Greece, Karen Darke, Colin Jackson and Jasmine Whitbread.
In the past, WTV interviewed Ben Goldacre, Alexander Armstrong, AC Grayling and Tim Smit at the 2012 The Sunday Times Festival of Education.
WTV created a James Bond parody featuring Headmaster Anthony Seldon which was featured in an article in the February 2014 edition of Private Eye.
In 2015, as an opening film for the school's Speech Day, WTV created a parody of Pharrell Williams' hit-single 'Happy', which was featured in many national newspapers.
Alongside supporting many of the school's other societies through various documentary-style films, WTV has been acclaimed for its work at the Telegraph Festival of Education with interviews with Gyles Brandreth and Ellie Bamber.
In 2017, WTV produced a film called 'Planet Wellington', feeding off the success of the popular BBC series 'Planet Earth II', for the opening of the 2017 Speech Day.
Similarly to 2017, WTV produced the opening film for Speech Day 2018, 'Speech Day Pitch', in which the Master pushed his vision for the 'Five I's' while the student team continued to bring exclusive coverage of the Pearson Festival of Education with headline interviews with Piers Morgan and Susie Dent.
It was founded by Barry Reilly, teacher at The Wellington Academy, to be a large, collaborative project between the numerous Wellington schools.
The idea was to have a 24-hour radio station for students across the Wellington family to use as a creative outlet, and populate with their own programmes about anything and everything.
The college also traditionally has two teams of field gun runners, and two runs are made annually at the college speech day.
In 2012 field gun teams from the College took part in the British Military Tournament at Earl's Court, including female runners for the first time at the event.
In response to criticism, in 2006, it introduced 'well-being lessons' to the curriculum, in conjunction with a team at Cambridge University.
Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.
However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and were unaware of the change in the law (on which they had not been consulted).
The vast majority are composed of boarders with a small number of day pupils also, although two, Wellesley and Raglan, are day-pupil exclusive.
Each house is either an 'in-house' or an 'out-house': in-houses are located within the main school buildings and quads while out-houses are located elsewhere on the college grounds.
Each house has aspects distinguishing it from other houses, such as its own colours, insignia, and arms (with the arms of each house being incorporated into one of each of the stained glass windows within the college chapel).
The Old Wellingtonian Society was set up to further the interests of the college and its past and present members, and to keep former pupils in touch with each other and with the school.
The Old Wellingtonian Society maintains a register of names of all who have passed through the college since the school's establishment in 1859 and the addresses of all living alumni.
A year after the controversial 1893 elections Whiteway's government was dismissed by the governor Arthur Murray due to petitions alleging corrupt electoral practices.
Green's government promptly passed the Disabilities Removal Act allowing candidates who had been disqualified because of election irregularities in 1893 to seek election again.
A Texas Mr. Basketball in high school, Bosh played one season of college basketball for Georgia Tech before declaring for the 2003 NBA draft.
While at Toronto, Bosh became a five-time NBA All-Star, was named to the All-NBA Second Team once, played for the U.S. national team (with whom he won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics), and supplanted former fan favorite Vince Carter as the face and leader of the Raptors franchise.
In the 2006–07 season, Bosh led the Raptors to their first playoff appearance in five years and their first-ever division title.
In 2010, after seven seasons with the Raptors, Bosh entered into a sign-and-trade deal whereby he was traded to the Miami Heat.
Bosh spent the second half of his career with Miami, appearing in the NBA Finals each year from 2011 to 2014 and winning NBA titles in 2012 and 2013.
Notwithstanding the NBA's ruling, Bosh fought to resume his playing career for three years before announcing in February 2019 that he intended to retire.
Seeking to promote sports and education amongst youths in Dallas and Toronto, Bosh set up the Chris Bosh Foundation and regularly speaks to youths about the benefits of reading.
At the early age of four years old, he started learning how to dribble a basketball in the gym where his father played pick-up games.
Since Bosh was always tall for his age, he was accustomed to out-rebounding his peers whenever he played; but he only started learning the game of basketball seriously around fourth grade, doing so at a playground near his grandmother's house.
Growing up, Bosh names his parents as the biggest influence on his personality and considers NBA superstar Kevin Garnett as his favorite athlete, after whom he modeled his play.
The 6-foot-11 teenager helped Lincoln High capture the Class 4A state title as he delivered 23 points and 17 rebounds to go along with 9 blocks.
The University of Florida and University of Memphis among them made serious overtures, but it was Paul Hewitt, coach of Georgia Tech, who made the best impression.
Bosh felt that Hewitt had his best interests at heart and respected his aspiration to play professionally; moreover, he was sufficiently impressed by what he saw of Georgia Tech's transition offense.
Bosh eventually chose to follow the footsteps of his cousin and aunt and attended Georgia Tech to study graphic design and computer imaging, and subsequently, management.
There, he led the Yellow Jackets in averaging 15.6 points, 9.0 rebounds and 2.2 blocks in 31 games, and led the Atlantic Coast Conference in field goal percentage (.560), joining Antawn Jamison as the only freshmen ever to do so.
Bosh originally intended to complete his degree, but by the end of the 2002–03 season, his strong performances convinced him that he was ready for the NBA.
Bosh said in future interviews that although he misses his college days, he believes he made the right decision to pursue a professional career.
In what is widely regarded as one of the strongest draft classes in NBA history, which included future All-Stars LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, and Dwyane Wade, Bosh was selected fourth overall by the Toronto Raptors in the 2003 NBA draft and was signed on July 8, 2003.
Prior to his signing, however, other NBA teams made offers for Bosh as they knew Toronto needed a veteran scorer, and Raptors star Vince Carter himself pressed for a trade.
In his rookie season, Bosh was forced to play out of position as the Raptors' starting center after Antonio Davis was traded to the Chicago Bulls.
Bosh—who cited teammate Michael Curry as his mentor—was often praised by his coaches for his heart, and willingness to play through pain and injuries resulting from his lack of body strength compared to some of the league's strong forwards and centers.
Bosh's contributions were not unnoticed by teammates either, as he averaged 11.5 points, 7.4 rebounds, 1.4 blocks, and 33.5 minutes in 75 games, leading all rookies in rebounding and blocks, and setting a franchise record for most rebounds in a rookie season with 557.
With the departure of the disenchanted franchise face of the team, Vince Carter, in December 2004, Bosh was simultaneously anointed as the new leader around whom Toronto would build.
In the remaining games following Carter's departure, the power forward averaged 18.4 points, 9.5 rebounds, 1.6 blocks, and 38.1 minutes per game, improving in every major statistical category.
He was awarded his first ever NBA Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played between January 3 and 9, 2005.
Bosh ended the 2004–05 season as the leading scorer and leading rebounder for the team on 21 and 46 occasions respectively.
Bosh continued to work on his game as he consistently chalked up double doubles, leading the team in scoring, rebounding, and field goal percentage for the first half of the season.
On February 9, 2006, for the first time in his career, Bosh was selected to play in the 2006 NBA All-Star Game in Houston, Texas as a reserve forward for the Eastern Conference.
Bosh's selection was just three days after he was named NBA Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the second time in his career.
Despite a major off-season revamp of the Raptors roster—including the departure of good friends Mike James and Charlie Villanueva—Bosh officially signed a three-year contract extension with a player option for a fourth year on July 14, 2006.
During the same press conference, Bosh also announced a donation of $1,000,000 to a Toronto charity, known as Community Legacy Programs.
After a shaky start to the Raptors' 2006–07 campaign, the Raptors managed to surpass the .500 mark as the All-Star break approached.
Bosh's play and leadership were pivotal to this run and as an increasing recognition of his abilities, on January 25, 2007, he was named an All-Star starter for the East in the 2007 NBA All-Star Game.
This was his first All-Star start and second overall All-Star appearance, having averaged over 22 points and 11 rebounds in the first half of the season.
On January 31, 2007, in a game against the Washington Wizards, Bosh scored a buzzer-beating shot to end the third quarter of the game.
Two days later, Bosh collected 29 points and 11 rebounds against the Los Angeles Lakers, shooting 10-of-10 in the second half.
On March 28, 2007, Bosh became the new franchise record holder for double doubles in a home win against the Miami Heat.
He was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the third time in his career shortly after, having led Toronto to clinch a playoff berth for the first time in five years.
Toronto went on to win its first ever division title, and concluded the regular season with a 47–35 record, including a 30–11 home record, both franchise records.
The series drew much media attention as Carter, who had left Toronto under acrimonious circumstances, was back at the ACC as a Net.
The Raptors won Game 2 at the ACC to tie the series 1–1, as Bosh recorded 25 points and a game-high 13 rebounds.
The Nets won Games 3 and 4 to lead 3–1, but Toronto forced Game 6 when they narrowly won 98–96 in Game 5.
Bosh averaged a double-double with 22.6 ppg and 10.7 rpg for the regular season, both career-highs, and posted 17.5 ppg and 9.0 rpg for the playoffs.
Before the 2007–08 season began, Andrea Bargnani, the number one pick in the 2006 NBA draft, was slated to start at center and Bosh at power forward to form a strong Toronto frontcourt and Jason Kapono, a three-point specialist, was acquired via free agency from the Miami Heat to add offensive firepower; however, as the season unfolded, neither plans materialized as hoped.
Bosh himself had a slow start to the season, but as mid-season approached, his form picked up and he was named Player of the Week for the second week of January.
Bosh missed 15 games throughout the season, but the Raptors still managed to conclude the regular season with a 41–41 record, thus clinching the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference for the 2008 NBA Playoffs.
The first-round series against the Magic was touted as the matchup between two of the league's best young big men in Bosh and Dwight Howard.
To provide Bosh with an experienced frontcourt partner, the Raptors pulled a blockbuster trade prior to the 2008–09 campaign: six-time All-Star Jermaine O'Neal was acquired from the Indiana Pacers.
He averaged 26 points, 10 rebounds and 3.7 assists in his first three games and was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the fifth time in his career.
Despite the move, injuries and weaknesses in the roster meant that the Raptors entered the All-Star break 13 games under .500.
Two weeks later, in a bid to bring in a wing player and create greater salary flexibility, O'Neal and Jamario Moon were traded to Miami for Shawn Marion and Marcus Banks.
The trade did not improve the team's win–loss record, however, and the Raptors were eliminated from contention with seven games of the regular season remaining.
The bright spark in Bosh's campaign was his career-high 22.7 points per game, as well as his being one of two players in the league that season (the other being Dwight Howard) to average a 20/10 in points and rebounds.
On April 20, 2009, Colangelo announced that he would offer Bosh a contract extension during the summer, which Bosh later refused to sign.
To prepare for the 2009–10 season, Bosh worked out under Ken Roberson, looking to add 20 pounds and bring his weight up to 250.
Following the failure of the 2008–09 campaign, Colangelo knew that he had to shake up the roster to persuade Bosh to stay, and the Raptors were one of the busiest teams in the pre-season market.
They opened their season with a win against the heavily favored Cleveland Cavaliers, in which Bosh scored 21 points and pulled down 16 rebounds.
Bosh went on a tear, averaging 25.4 points and 11.9 rebounds in the first 16 games, but the Raptors were only able to win seven of those games.
The Raptors crossed into 2010 with a 16–17 record, and on January 3, 2010, Bosh overtook Vince Carter as Toronto's all-time leader in total points scored.
Bosh was the league leader in double doubles at the time, being only one of two players in the league who averaged at least 20 points and 10 rebounds a game.
On January 20, 2010, he scored a career-high 44 points in a loss against the Milwaukee Bucks, while collecting his 220th career double double.
That same month, Bosh was named a reserve for the Eastern Conference All-Star team, and was Eastern Conference Player of the Week.
As the regular season came to a close, the Raptors went from being the fifth seed before the All-Star break to fighting for the eighth and final playoff spot with the Chicago Bulls.
After recording his 44th double double on March 22, 2010, Bosh became the Raptors' all-time leader in number of double doubles in a season.
On April 5, 2010, he was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week, winning the honor for the seventh time in his career (tying Carter for the most in franchise history).
The blowout loss cost Toronto their tie-breaker and ultimately the eighth seed, as the Bulls finished with 41 wins to Toronto's 40.
After the 2009–10 season was over, there was much speculation over whether coveted free agents such as LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Bosh would sign with new teams for the 2010–11 season.
Bosh was active on the social media front, posting his thoughts on Twitter and having a documentary crew record his meetings with the teams interested in signing him.
The Heat managed to go on to compile a 21–1 record, however, and were jostling with the Boston Celtics and Chicago Bulls for pole position in the Eastern Conference as mid-season approached.
He was slow off the blocks in the Finals against Dallas, shooting below .300 in the first two games, but scored the winning shot in Game 3 to give Miami a 2–1 lead.
On January 5, 2012, Bosh led the Heat to a 116–109 triple overtime win against the Atlanta Hawks, highlighted by a three-point shot he made to force the game into overtime with 0.06 seconds left to play in the fourth quarter.
In Game 1 of the Conference Semifinals against the Indiana Pacers, he suffered a lower abdominal strain that forced him to miss the rest of the series and the first four games of the Eastern Conference Finals against Boston.
He was moved to center for the remainder of the playoffs, while James, who had filled in at power forward during his absence, remained at that position.
Boston pushed Miami to seven games, and in the final game, Bosh scored 19 points, including 3 of 4 shooting from three-point range, to help the Heat advance to their second straight NBA Finals, this time against the Oklahoma City Thunder.
The Thunder won the first game of the series before Miami rolled to a 4–1 victory, giving Bosh his first NBA Championship.
The Heat achieved the league's best record and swept through the first round of the playoffs against the Milwaukee Bucks before defeating the Chicago Bulls in five games, with Bosh scoring 20 points to go with 19 rebounds in a crucial Game 3 win in Chicago.
Bosh averaged 12.1 points per game throughout the playoffs, as the Heat advanced to the NBA Finals to face the San Antonio Spurs following a grueling seven-game series against Indiana.
The Heat and Spurs split the first two games before the Spurs blew out Miami in Game 3 to take a 2–1 series lead.
In Game 4, Bosh scored 20 points and grabbed 13 rebounds to complement Wade's 32 points and James' 33 points to bolster the Heat's win, tying the series.
In the final seconds of Game 6, James missed a three-pointer, and Bosh grabbed the offensive rebound and found a wide open Ray Allen in the corner.
San Antonio inbounded the ball to Danny Green, who attempted a corner three, but Green's shot was blocked by Bosh to secure the Heat's victory.
Bosh was held scoreless in Game 7 by Tim Duncan, but the Heat still won the game and the series to claim their second consecutive NBA Championship.
In the playoffs, Bosh helped the Heat return to the NBA Finals, where they faced the San Antonio Spurs once again.
On July 30, 2014, Bosh re-signed with the Heat after LeBron James announced he was leaving Miami to return to the Cleveland Cavaliers.
After averaging 21.6 points, 8.2 rebounds, 2.1 assists and 1.1 steals over the first 23 games of the 2014–15 season, Bosh was ruled out indefinitely on December 15 with a strained calf.
After playing in the 2015 All-Star Game, Bosh was admitted to a Miami hospital for lung tests during the All-Star break.
On February 21, 2015, he was ruled out for the remainder of the season due to a blood clot in one of his lungs.
On October 28, 2015, Bosh made his return to the court in the Heat's season opener against the Charlotte Hornets, recording 21 points and 10 rebounds in a 104–94 win.
On December 28, 2015, he recorded 24 points and 12 rebounds against the Brooklyn Nets, and hit a career-best 5-of-5 from three-point range.
On January 4, 2016, he recorded a season-high 31 points and 11 rebounds in a 103–100 overtime win over the Indiana Pacers.
Though he was voted to play in the 2016 NBA All-Star Game, and selected to compete in the Three-Point Contest, due to a calf injury, Bosh was forced to withdraw from both.
He faced increasing pressure from physicians and the Heat organization to sit out the rest of the season because of the potential dangers of the recurring medical condition.
Following the Heat's February 9 game against San Antonio, Bosh did not play any regular-season or playoff games for Miami in 2016.
Bosh was initially optimistic about a return to the Heat for the 2016–17 season, and the organization had become increasingly hopeful that he would be cleared for camp.
In May 2017, Bosh and the Heat reportedly reached a unique agreement in which Bosh would leave the Heat without his salary taking up the team's salary cap space for the 2017–18 season.
On June 2, 2017, the NBA ruled that Bosh's blood clotting issues were a career-ending illness, meaning the Heat would be allowed to remove his contract from their salary cap once they officially released him.
On February 12, 2019, Bosh announced that he was no longer pursuing his NBA career and that he planned to retire from the NBA when his jersey was retired by the Heat.
Bosh's national team career began in 2002 when he was selected as a member of the 2002 USA Basketball Junior World Championship Qualifying Team that finished with a 4–1 record and the bronze medal.
After his NBA career began, Bosh was named in March 2006 to the 2006–2008 United States men's national basketball team program, and helped lead the team to a 5–0 record during its pre-World Championship tour.
Together with fellow 2003 draftees Dwyane Wade, LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, and Kirk Hinrich, this team competed in the 2006 FIBA World Championship.
During the tournament itself, Bosh operated as the main backup to center Dwight Howard as Team USA went unbeaten in all eight games en route to the gold medal, defeating Spain in the final.
In June 2012, Bosh withdrew his name from consideration for the 2012 Olympics in London to recover from a lower abdominal strain that kept him out of some playoff games.
However, starting in the 2011–12 season, he began to start at center and played the position during the team's consecutive championships.
Listed at 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) and 235 pounds (107 kg), Bosh possesses excellent speed, athleticism, and ball handling for a player of his size.
He is particularly noted for his ability to drive to the basket and finish strong or get to the free throw line—where he is also proficient—but he is also known for his well-developed jump shot.
When he was the centerpiece of the Raptors' offense, Bosh was often double teamed, and he was noted to unselfishly pass the ball to teammates who were in better shooting positions.
He improved his shooting range when he worked on his three-point shooting during the summer of 2006 and showed improvement in the 2006–07 season.
When the 2006–07 season concluded, Bosh had shot .343 from the three-point arc for the season; he improved to .400 the following season.
Despite his ability to hit three-pointers, it was during his tenure with the Miami Heat that he began to be relied upon as one of the team's outside shooters, taking multiple three-pointers throughout the 2012 and 2013 championship runs.
During the 2013–14 season, Bosh shot and made more three-pointers than at any point during his career, and continued to make crucial shots during the playoffs.
When he was the leader of the Raptors, he was not known for being vocal on the court, preferring to maintain his quiet and humble demeanor but expecting his teammates to match his work ethic.
Throughout his career, comparisons have been made between him and Kevin Garnett due to their similar style of play and physique.
The Foundation, with programs in Toronto and Dallas, has worked closely with organizations such as the Toronto Special Olympics to raise important funding for community projects.
As an avid reader, Bosh also regularly speaks to groups of children about the benefits of reading, and has received the NBA Community Assist Award for his active contributions for the Raptors community development program in Toronto and Dallas during the course of the NBA campaign.
On March 24, 2009, it was reported that Bosh's former girlfriend, Allison Mathis, was seeking child support and sole custody of their daughter, Trinity (born November 2, 2008).
Mathis alleged that when she was seven months pregnant, Bosh stopped supporting her financially and tried to remove her from their home.
Certainly this thing did not get started by anything on our side... She is very distressed that somehow this thing got into the newspapers.
Patricio Aylwin Azócar (; 26 November 1918 – 19 April 2016) was a Chilean politician from the Christian Democratic Party, lawyer, author, professor and former senator.
He was the first president of Chile after dictator Augusto Pinochet, and his election marked the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990.
Despite resistance from elements of the Chilean military and government after his election, Patricio Aylwin was staunch in his support for the Chilean National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation which exposed the Chilean government's brutalities.
An excellent student, he enrolled in the Law School of the University of Chile where he became a lawyer, with the highest distinction, in 1943.
He served as professor of administrative law, first at the University of Chile (1946–1967) and also at the School of Law of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (1952–1960).
They had five children (his daughter Mariana worked as a minister in subsequent governments) and 14 grandchildren (among them, popular telenovela and film actress Paz Bascuñán).
When that party became the Christian Democratic Party of Chile, he served seven terms as its president between 1958 and 1989.
During the government of Popular Unity, headed by Salvador Allende, he was also the president of his party, and he led the democratic opposition to Allende within and without Congress.
Aylwin was president of the Christian Democrats until 1976, and after the death of the party's leader, Eduardo Frei, in 1982, he led his party during the military dictatorship.
He was among the first to advocate acceptance of the Constitution as a reality in order to facilitate the return to democracy.
After the plebiscite, he participated in negotiations that led the government and the opposition to agree on 54 constitutional reforms, thereby making possible a peaceful transition from 16 years of dictatorship to democracy.
Although Chile had officially become a democracy, the Chilean military remained highly powerful during the presidency of Aylwin, and the Constitution ensured the continued influence of Pinochet and his commanders, which prevented his government from achieving many of the goals it had set, such as the restructuring of the Constitutional Court and the reduction of Pinochet's political power.
Pinochet was determined that the military not be punished for its role in overthrowing Allende's government or for the years of military dictatorship.
A tax reform was introduced in 1990 which boosted tax revenues by around 15% and enabled the Aylwin Government to increase government spending on social programs from 9.9% to 11.7% of GDP.
By the end of the Aylwin government, unprecedented resources were being allocated to social programs, including an expanded public health programs, vocational and training programs for young Chileans, and a major public housing initiative.
A new Solidarity and Social Investment Fund was set up to direct aid towards poorer communities, and social spending (especially on health and education) increased by around one-third between 1989 and 1993.
A new labor law was also enacted in 1990, which expanded trade union rights and collective bargaining while also improving severance pay for workers.
The incomes of poor Chileans increased by 20% in real terms (above the rate of inflation) under the Aylwin Government, while increases to the minimum wage meant that it was 36% higher in real terms in 1993 than in 1990.
A slum clearance program was also initiated, with over 100,000 new homes built under the Aylwin Government, compared with 40,000 per annum under the Pinochet Government.
Under the Aylwin government, the numbers of Chileans living in poverty significantly decreased, with a United Nations report estimating that the percentage of the population living in poverty had fallen from around 40% of the population in 1989 to around 33% by 1993.
He was succeeded in 1994 by the election of Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, the son of the late President Eduardo Frei.
He was president of the Corporation for Democracy and Justice, a non-profit organization he founded to develop approaches to eliminating poverty and to strengthen ethical values in politics.
Aylwin received honorary degrees from universities in Australia, Canada, Colombia, France, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, and the United States, as well as seven Chilean universities.
In 1997, the Council of Europe awarded the North-South Prize to Aylwin and Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland, for their contributions to fostering human rights, democracy, and cooperation between Europe and Latin America.
His state funeral was held on 22 April 2016 and was buried at Cementerio General de Santiago in the following days.
Over the past five decades there have been a number of adult film actors who have appeared in mainstream films with varying degrees of success.
In the 1970s, adult film actors Marilyn Chambers and Linda Lovelace tried crossing over to mainstream careers, but had little success.
The following list is of pornographic actors and actresses who have appeared in non-pornographic films, including the year they first appeared in a mainstream film.
NAIT provides careers programs in applied research, technical training, applied education, and learning designed to meet the demands of Alberta's technical and knowledge-based industries.
As of 2018, there are approximately 16,000 students in credit programs 12,000 apprentices registered in apprenticeship training, 14,500 students enrolled in non-credit courses, and more than 20,000 registrants for customized corporate based training.
NAIT's four-year baccalaureate degrees (Bachelor of Technology in Technology Management and Bachelor of Technology in Construction Management and Bachelor of Business Administration) were launched in 2007.
In 1959, the Alberta provincial government decided to build an Edmonton facility to supplement apprenticeship and vocational training, which was at the time handled by the Provincial Institute of Technology (PITA) in Calgary.
The new institution would be named the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) and PITA would be renamed the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT).
In February 2019, the Main campus acquired 13.27 hectares of the former Edmonton City Centre Airport with the option for another 3.23 hectares, as well as the 4.8 hectare Westwood Transit Garage to the north.
NAIT was presented this mascot in 1964 by the federal Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, now Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada.
It is led by a four-person elected Executive Council, and governed by an eighteen-person elected Senate (two representatives from the 9 program groups).
NAITSA is responsible for running the Nest Taphouse Grill, The NAIT Nugget (campus newspaper), campus events, the student health and dental plan, U-Pass and various other services aimed at enhancing student life.
Stanford Shopping Center is an upscale open air shopping mall located on Route 82 (El Camino Real) at Sand Hill Road in Palo Alto, California.
It is on the campus of Stanford University although the university only owns the land and not the actual buildings or stores.
Also, unlike the rest of the campus, the shopping center and the neighboring Stanford University Medical Center are part of the city of Palo Alto, not the census-designated place (CDP) of Stanford, California.
The shopping center buildings are 94.4% owned by Simon Property Group, which manages the property and leases the land from the university.
Retailers at the shopping center include Louis Vuitton, Tiffany & Co., Burberry, Ermenegildo Zegna, and Frette, as well as the first Victoria's Secret retail store.
The Roos Brothers clothing store opened as the first retailer in September 1955 and Blum's restaurant opened on October 22, 1956, marking the completion of the center.
Board of trustees Chair Lloyd Dinkelspiel and university President J. E. Wallace Sterling presided at the opening and Shirley Temple Black cut the first slice of a nine-tiered cake.
Further expansion came again in 1972 with the addition of Los Angeles-based Bullock's, owned by Bloomingdale's parent company Federated Department Stores.
Bullock's only lasted 11 years, closing its northern California stores in 1983 and selling its Stanford location to Nordstrom, which opened in November 1984.
In 1997, the vacant Saks Fifth Avenue building was split into two tenants: Crate & Barrel and an Andronico's gourmet market.
Throughout the years, the center has continued to evolve in terms of both tenants and construction and was managed by the university through its investment affiliate Stanford Management Company since 1991.
However, in 2003, taking advantage of the high prices that shopping centers were fetching, the university's board of trustees agreed to sell the center for $333 million to Simon Property Group which, in turn, leases the underlying land from the university under a 51-year lease.
The new Bloomingdale's opened in 2014, and the original building was demolished to make way for a new wing of retailers.
In early 2019, Simon Malls submitted plans to the city of Palo Alto to tear down the Macy's Men's building and replace it with new buildings for a Restoration Hardware and Wilkes Bashford.
Harrison McCain, CC, ONB (3 November 1927 – 18 March 2004) was a Canadian businessman, co-founder, along with his three brothers of international frozen foods giant McCain Foods Limited.
He was born in Florenceville, New Brunswick, the son of Andrew D McCain, a descendant of a settler from Castlefinn, Donegal, Ireland who became a well-respected seed potato farmer.
After graduating from Acadia University, Harrison (the 3rd son) and his brother Wallace (the 4th son) worked for oil and gas company Irving Oil.
In 1956, on their brother Robert suggestions, Harrison and Wallace with their brothers Robert and Andrew founded one of the first factories to process potatoes, turning them into frozen french fries.
With the benefit of ensured quality and the ability to export long distances with a value added product, the business started growing.
With Harrison's personal and business skills and the close relationship with his brother Wallace, the McCain Foods business eventually grew to over 55 factories worldwide and the number one french fry company in the world.
In the 1990s a prolonged legal dispute between Harrison and Wallace over succession to the company leadership led to the departure of Wallace and his son Michael from McCain Foods.
Harrison McCain was a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Nova Scotia and a close personal friend of the bank's chairman Cedric Ritchie who grew up in the neighboring community of Upper Kent.
Tibetans use rugs for many purposes ranging from flooring to wall hanging to horse saddles, though the most common use is as a seating carpet.
Some aspects of the rug making have been supplanted by cheaper machines in recent times, especially yarn spinning and trimming of the pile after weaving.
The carpet-making industry in Tibet stretches back hundreds if not thousands of years, yet as a lowly craft, it was not mentioned in early writings, aside from occasional references to the rugs owned by prominent religious figures.
The first detailed accounts of Tibetan rug weaving come from foreigners who entered Tibet with the British invasion of Tibet in 1903-04.
Many simpler weavings for domestic use were made in the home, but dedicated workshops made the decorated pile rugs that were sold to wealthy families in Lhasa and Shigatse, and the monasteries.
The monastic institutions housed thousands of monks, who sat on long, low platforms during religious ceremonies, that were nearly always covered in hand-woven carpets for comfort.
Wealthier monasteries replaced these carpets regularly, providing income, or taking gifts in lieu of taxation, from hundreds or thousands of weavers.
From its heyday in the 19th and early 20th century, the Tibetan carpet industry fell into serious decline in the second half of the 20th.
The illegal Chinese invasion of Tibet that began in 1959 was later exacerbated by land collectivization that enabled rural people to obtain a livelihood without weaving, and reduced the power of the landholding monasteries.
Many of the aristocratic families who formerly organized the weaving fled to India and Nepal during this period, along with their money and management expertise.
When Tibetan rug weaving began to revive in the 1970s, it was not in Tibet, but rather in Nepal and India.
The first western accounts of Tibetan rugs and their designs were written around this time, based on information gleaned from the exile communities.
Weaving in the Nepal and India carpet workshops was eventually dominated by local non-Tibetan workers, who replaced the original Tibetan émigré weavers.
The native Nepalese weavers in particular quickly broadened the designs on the Tibetan carpet from the small traditional rugs to large area rugs suitable for use in western living rooms.
This began a carpet industry that is important to the Nepalese economy even to this day, even though its reputation was eventually tarnished by child labor scandals during the 1990s.
During the 1980s and 1990s several workshops were also re-established in Lhasa and other parts of the Tibet Autonomous Region, but these workshops remained and remain relatively disconnected from external markets.
Today, most carpets woven in Lhasa factories are destined for the tourist market or for use as gifts to visiting Chinese delegations and government departments.
Tibetan carpets from the 19th century (perhaps earlier, though mostly carpets from the 19th century survive) are relatively restrained in terms of design and coloring, carpet makers at that time being restricted to a narrow range of natural dyes including madder (red), indigo (blue), Tibetan rhubarb (yellow) and Tibetan walnut (browns and greys), with a few other local plants producing yellow and greenish colors.
Motifs consisted of two classes: the first type being simple geometric motifs such as the checkerboard and gau (amulet) design that probably formed part of an ancient Tibetan design repertoire, mingled with medallion designs and other motifs derived from Chinese decorative traditions.
From the early 1900s a wider range of synthetic colors became available to Tibetan weavers, and this seems to have stimulated the production of new and more complex designs, also based loosely on traditional Chinese motifs.
The period of 1900-1950 saw the production of many colorful new designs featuring dragons, phoenix, floral motifs, clouds and so on.
The interest of western collectors of Tibetan rugs was particularly piqued by tiger rugs, in part because of their associations with Tantric meditation; many Tibetan tiger rugs were gifts for lamas in the monasteries.
In a religious context, tiger rugs are related to the tiger skin loin cloths seen in painted images of fierce (wrathful) Tibetan Buddhist gods.
Tiger design rugs are found in several other carpet cultures, including Khotan rugs to the north, however it is amongst Tibetan weavers that these designs achieve their highest development.
Many Wangden rugs have a looser weave, lower knot count, and a thicker pile than a typical Tibetan carpet, and also sport a thick shaggy fringe.
Today these rugs are woven only in the Wangden valley, in the region south of Shigatse, though their manufacture may have been more widespread at one time.
Dark red Turkish imitations from factories in Qinghai are sold alongside other Chinese rugs and even silk carpets with Middle-eastern designs.
Carpet workships founded by foreigners use wool with longer staple lengths and high lanolin content, which make for a stronger content, but are much more expensive, and have not found much success.
However, as an economic activity, Tibetan rug making provides valuable cash income for rural communities who weave in the winter months.
Several overseas investors and NGOs are trying to encourage a revival of high quality local wool and natural dyes in Tibetan rug making.
Ibrahim Rugova (; 2 December 1944 – 21 January 2006) was the first President of the partially recognised Republic of Kosova, serving from 1992 to 2000 and again from 2002 until his death in 2006, and a prominent Kosovo Albanian political leader, scholar, and writer.
He oversaw a popular struggle for independence, advocating a peaceful resistance to Yugoslav rule and lobbying for U.S. and European support, especially during the Kosovo War.
The LDK, which had the support of 90% of the ethnic Albanian population of Kosovo, advocated for Kosovo's independence by peaceful means.
The party established a shadow government that provided basic government and social services to the Kosovo Albanian population, including education and health care, in effect creating a parallel state.
At this time, the major part of Kosovo was unified with Albania (controlled by Benito Mussolini's Italy since 1941, and later by the Germans since 1943).
Yugoslav control was re-established towards the end of November when the area was liberated by Bulgarian Army and partisans who defeated Albanian collaborators.
He strongly emphasized the heritage of ancient Dardania, an independent kingdom and later-turned Roman province that included modern-day Kosovo, to strengthen the country's identity and to promote his policy of closer relations with the West.
He studied literature at the University of Prishtina and the University of Paris, and received a doctorate with a dissertation on Albanian literary criticism.
As a student, he participated in a civil rights movement for the Albanians, although he formally joined the Communist League of Yugoslavia to secure career advancements.
Thereby, he worked as editor of prestigious literary and scholarly publications and research fellow at the Institute of Albanian Studies; in 1988, he was elected president of the Kosovo Writers Union.
He moved on to the newly established University of Pristina, where he was a student in the Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Albanian Studies and participated in the 1968 Kosovo Protests.
As part of his studies, he spent two years (1976–1977) at the École Pratique des Hautes Études of the University of Paris, where he studied under Roland Barthes.
Rugova managed to make a name for himself, publishing a number of works on literary theory, criticism and history as well as his own poetry.
His output earned him recognition as a leading member of Kosovo's Albanian intelligentsia and in 1988 he was elected chairman of the Kosovo Writers' Union (KWU).
As president, Rugova continued to support his non-violent path to independence even as proponents of an armed resistance formed the Kosovo Liberation Army to counter increasing Serbian oppression on the ethnic Albanians.
In 1998, Rugova secured a second term as president, but was placed at odds with the KLA as the Kosovo War broke out.
In 1999, he participated in the failed Rambouillet talks, as a member of the Kosovar delegation, seeking an end to the hostilities.
Having resided in the capital Pristina during his entire presidency, Rugova was taken prisoner by the state authorities after NATO began its U.S.-led aerial campaign against Yugoslav atrocities in Kosovo.
Rugova was exiled to Rome in May 1999 and returned to Kosovo in the summer that year, shortly after the KLA and NATO occupation.
Rugova remained nominal president of the republic with Bujar Bukoshi as his prime minister; meanwhile, Hashim Thaçi, a former KLA commander, had been leading a provisional government since April that year.
In 2000, Rugova and Thaçi agreed to relinquish their positions and to work on creating provisional institutions of self-government until Kosovo's final status was decided.
While his pre-war popularity had certainly diminished, he remained the most powerful leader in the country until his death from lung cancer in 2006.
Rugova entered politics in 1989, when he assumed the leadership of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), a newly formed political party that opposed the nullification of Kosovo's autonomy in the former Yugoslavia.
In 1992, Rugova won the first presidential election in the Republic of Kosova, an unrecognised state declared in secret by members of Kosovo's former assembly within Yugoslavia.
Serbia, led by Slobodan Milošević, retained effective power in Kosovo throughout most of the 1990s, but did not secure the full cooperation of the Albanian population.
The Republic of Kosova collected donations from Kosovars at home and abroad and set up parallel institutions, including independent, albeit often clandestine, educational and healthcare systems for the ethnic Albanians.
The 1980s saw escalating tension within Kosovo with dissatisfaction by Serbs regarding their treatment at the hands of the Kosovan authorities, and resentment from those same authorities towards the lack of powers devolved to them from Belgrade, Yugoslavia's capital.
An estimated 130,000 Kosovo Albanians were sacked from their jobs and the police in particular were almost completely purged of Albanians There were numerous reports of extrajudicial beatings, torture and killings, attracting strong criticism from human rights groups and other countries.
Milošević's actions were strongly opposed by the Kosovo Albanian political élite (including the local Communist Party now stripped of authorities), by ethnic Albanians and by Milošević's counterparts in Yugoslavia's other republics.
In December 1989, Rugova and a number of other dissents set up the Democratic League of Kosovo as a vehicle for opposing Milošević's policies.
The new party was an overwhelming success and within months, 700,000 people – virtually the entire adult population of Kosovo Albanians – had joined.
The shadow government's activities were mostly funded by the overseas Kosovo Albanian diaspora, based primarily in Germany and the United States.
The Kosovo Albanians boycotted Yugoslav and Serbian elections on the grounds that they would legitimise the Milošević government, they also questioned its veracity.
In May 1992, separate elections were held in Kosovo in which Rugova won an overwhelming majority and was elected President of Kosovo.
Although there were questions about the fairness and propriety of the elections – they were held virtually in secret in Albanians' houses, there were repeated reports of harassment by state security forces, and there were allegations of vote-rigging – it was nonetheless generally accepted that Rugova was the legitimate winner of this election.
By the summer of 1992, Yugoslavia was fully absorbed with the wars in Croatia and Bosnia, and had no spare military capacity to deal with conflicts elsewhere.
Rugova supported Kosovo's independence but strongly opposed the use of force as a means of achieving it, fearing a Bosnia-style bloodbath.
The Serbian and Yugoslav governments subjected LDK activists and members to considerable harassment and intimidation, and argued that the shadow government was an illegal organisation.
The Yugoslav government would have found such a situation difficult to contain at the same time as supporting simultaneous wars in Croatia and Bosnia.
For his part, Rugova stuck to a hard line throughout the 1990s, rejecting any form of negotiation with Serbia's authorities other than on achieving outright independence of Kosovo.
A compromise, or a setback in the eyes of his critics, came in 1996 when he reached an agreement with Serbia over educational facilities, under which the parallel shadow education system would not be integrated with that of Serbia.
Rugova's strategy of passive resistance attracted widespread support from the Kosovo Albanian population, who had seen the carnage wrought in Croatia and Bosnia and was wary of facing a similar situation.
The agreement failed to make any mention of Kosovo and the international community made no serious efforts to resolve the province's ongoing problems.
Radicals among the Kosovo Albanian population began to argue that the only way to break the impasse was to launch an armed uprising, in the belief that this would force the outside world to intervene.
On 1 September 1996 Rugova and Slobodan Milošević signed the Milošević-Rugova education agreement in an attempt to resolve issues regarding the education of Kosovo Albanian children.
By 1998, the KLA had grown into a full-scale guerrilla army, 100,000 Kosovo Albanians were refugees and the province was in a state of virtual civil war.
Rugova was re-elected president in the same year and was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought by the European Parliament.
This was highlighted in February 1999 when he was passed over in favour of the KLA's political chief Hashim Thaçi, who was chosen by the underground Kosovo Assembly to head the Kosovo Albanian negotiating team in the discussions on the aborted Rambouillet Agreement.
At the end of March 1999, after negotiations at Rambouillet had broken down, NATO launched Operation Allied Force to impose a resolution of the Kosovo War.
At the start of April 1999, Rugova was forcefully taken to Belgrade, where he was shown on Serbian state television meeting Milošević and calling for an end to the war.
Rugova was allowed to leave Kosovo for temporary exile in Italy in early May 1999, not long before the war ended.
He attracted further criticism for his slowness to return to Kosovo – it was not until July that he arrived back in the province.
Despite the political damage suffered by Rugova during the war, he soon regained public esteem and won a decisive victory against his political rivals in the KLA.
The guerrillas had been welcomed as liberators by Kosovo Albanians but subsequently alienated many by the perception that they were engaging in organised crime, extortion and violence against political opponents and other ethnic groups in Kosovo.
On Monday, 4 March 2002, Rugova was appointed as President by the Kosovo Assembly, though this only took place at the fourth attempt after lengthy political negotiations.
As the new President of Kosovo – this time formally acknowledged as such by the international community – Rugova continued to campaign for Kosovo's independence.
His incremental approach was criticised by radicals, but he sought to bring along the supporters of the former KLA; in November 2004, he appointed Ramush Haradinaj, the former commander of the KLA, as Prime Minister.
On 15 March 2005, he escaped —unhurt —an attempted assassination when a bomb exploded in a waste container as his car passed by.
He was readily identifiable by the silk neckscarf that he wore as a display of oppression in Kosovo and was known for his habit of giving visitors samples from his rock collection.
His presents were carefully graded; the size of a crystal could reflect Rugova's feelings about the outcome of a meeting, prompting diplomats to compare notes afterwards about the size of the rocks presented to them.
On 30 August 2005, Rugova left Kosovo and went to the United States Air Force Landstuhl Military Hospital in Germany for medical treatment after earlier treatment in Pristina and Camp Bondsteel, the main US base in Kosovo and the second-biggest in Europe.
On 5 September 2005, he announced that he was suffering from lung cancer, but said that he would not be resigning from the post of President.
He underwent chemotherapy, conducted by U.S. Army doctors, at his residence in Pristina but the treatment failed to resolve the cancer.
He was buried without religious rites on 26 January at a funeral attended by regional leaders and a crowd estimated to number one and a half million people.
These rumors have never been confirmed by his family, nor by any other reliable source, and one of his closest associates, Sabri Hamiti, in an essay published on the first anniversary of his death, refuted them.
On the other hand, Chancellor of the Catholic Church of Kosovo Don Shan Zefi in an interview for Kosovo's national television, said that he had dilemmas whether Rugova converted to Catholicism and that there is no evidence about his conversion and baptism.
Though he had a state funeral service, head of Islamic Community of Kosovo, together with many imams conducted Islamic funeral prayer for the deceased.
His son, Ukë Rugova is also active in Politics and took part as a candidate in the Kosovan Parliamentary elections 2010.
The Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) maintains a system of state highways to serve the predominant flow of traffic between towns within Connecticut, and to towns in surrounding states.
As of January 1, 2007, the state highway system contains a total of of roads (not including ramps and interchange connections), corresponding to approximately 20% of all roads in the state.
Routes 1, 5, 6, and 7 were used as designations on several primary state highways, replacing New England routes 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
The other New England routes that were not re-designated as U.S. routes became ordinary state highways but kept their number designation, which are used even today (with some realignment).
Roads classified by the Department of Transportation as special service roads are given an unsigned number designation between 400 and 499.
Special service roads are roads that connect a federal or state facility (including state parks and some Interstate Highway interchanges) to a signed state route.
State Roads are state-maintained roads that are usually long entrance/exit ramps to/from an expressway, or short interconnecting roads between signed routes.
This highway numbering system was used throughout New England and consisted of 25 routes (with route numbers from 1 to 32).
A total of 9 of the routes passed through Connecticut (Routes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 17, and 32).
For route numbers established in 1932, the new numbering system used odd numbers for north-south routes and even numbers for east-west routes, matching the U.S. Highway numbering system.
The New England routes that were grandfathered into the highway system (Routes 8, 10, 12, 32) did not follow the new system.
The state also assigned new route numbers in clusters, with routes in the same general location having numbers close to each other as well.
The state completely abandoned the odd/even numbering scheme established in 1932 with new numbers in 1963 assigned without regard to their direction or general location.
A Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side.
The rotating pattern of permanent magnets (on the front face; on the left, up, right, down) can be continued indefinitely and have the same effect.
The effect of this arrangement is roughly similar to many horseshoe magnets placed adjacent to each other, with similar poles touching.
Physicist Klaus Halbach, while at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory during the 1980s, independently invented the Halbach array to focus particle accelerator beams.
In fact, any magnetization pattern where the components of magnetization are formula_1 out of phase with each other will result in a one-sided flux.
The mathematical transform which shifts the phase of all components of some function by formula_1 is called a Hilbert transform; the components of the magnetization vector can therefore be any Hilbert transform pair (the simplest of which is simply formula_3, as shown in the diagram above).
Although one-sided flux distributions may seem somewhat abstract, they have a surprising number of applications ranging from the refrigerator magnet through industrial applications such as the brushless AC motor, voice coils, magnetic drug targeting to high-tech applications such as wiggler magnets which are used in particle accelerators and free-electron lasers.
Wherein the Halbach array repels loops of wire that form the track after the train has been accelerated to a speed able to lift.
The extruded magnet is exposed to a rotating field giving the ferrite particles in the magnetic compound a magnetization resulting in a one-sided flux distribution.
This distribution increases the holding force of the magnet when placed on a permeable surface, compared to the holding force from, say, a uniform magnetization of the magnetic compound.
The magnetization vectors in the magnetized sheets rotate in the opposite senses to each other; above, the top sheet's magnetization vector rotates clockwise and the bottom sheet's magnetization vector rotates counter-clockwise.
If each rod is then rotated alternately through 90° the resultant field moves from one side of plane of the rods to the other, as shown schematically in the figure.
This arrangement allows the field to effectively be turned on and off above or below the plane of the rods, depending on the rotation of the rods.
A detailed study of this arrangement has shown that each rod is subject to a strong torque from its neighboring rods, and therefore requires mechanical stabilization.
However, a simple and efficient solution, providing both stabilization and the ability to rotate each rod alternately, is simply to provide an equal gearing arrangement on each rod, as shown in the figure.
A Halbach cylinder is a magnetized cylinder composed of ferromagnetic material producing (in the idealized case) an intense magnetic field confined entirely within the cylinder with zero field outside.
Ideally, these structures would be created from an infinite length cylinder of magnetic material with the direction of magnetization continuously varying.
The magnetic flux produced by this ideal design would be perfectly uniform and be entirely confined to either the bore of the cylinder or the outside of the cylinder.
The difficulty of manufacturing a cylinder with a continuously varying magnetization also usually leads to the design being broken into segments.
However, care has to be taken not to produce a field that exceed the coercivity of the permanent magnets used, as this can result in demagnetization of the cylinder and the production of a much lower field than intended.
This cylindrical design is only one class of designs that produce a uniform field inside a cavity within an array of permanent magnets.
Other classes of design include wedge designs, proposed by Abele and Jensen, in which wedges of magnetized material are arranged to provide uniform field within cavities inside the design as shown.
The direction of magnetization of the wedges in (A) can be calculated using a set of rules given by Abele and allows for great freedom in the shape of the cavity.
Another class of design is the magnetic mangle (B), proposed by Coey and Cugat, in which uniformly magnetized rods are arranged such that their magnetization matches that of a Halbach cylinder, as shown for a 6-rod design.
This design greatly increases access to the region of uniform field, at the expense of the volume of uniform field being smaller than in the cylindrical designs (although this area can be made larger by increasing the number of component rods).
Other very simple designs for a uniform field include separated magnets with soft iron return paths, as shown in figure (C).
Compared to commercially available (Bruker Minispec) standard plate geometries (C) of permanent magnets, they, as explained above, offer a huge bore diameter, while still having a reasonably homogeneous field.
However cylinders can be nested, and by rotating one cylinder relative to the other, cancellation of the field and adjustment of the direction can be achieved.
In the ideal case of infinitely long cylinders, no force would be required to rotate a cylinder with respect to the other.
If the two-dimensional magnetic distribution patterns of the Halbach cylinder are extended to three dimensions, the result is the Halbach sphere.
The magnitude of the uniform field for a sphere also increases to 4/3 the amount for the ideal cylindrical design with the same inner and outer radii.
However, being spherical, access to the region of uniform field is usually restricted to a narrow hole at the top and bottom of the design.
Higher fields are possible by optimising the spherical design to take account of the fact that it is composed of point dipoles (and not line dipoles).
This results in the stretching of the sphere to an elliptical shape and having a non-uniform distribution of magnetization over the component parts of the sphere.
in 1998, and this was increased further to 5 T in 2002, although over a smaller working volume of 0.05 mm.
Therefore, Halbach array coil can produce a relatively high magnetic field at a lower inductance and, thus, higher power factor compared to the conventional coils.
The landing platform docks (LPD) supported a Royal Marines amphibious assault force and provided a platform for the Headquarters capability prior to, and during, the assault phase.
The Squadron included crew for the four LCUs, four LCVPs and the Beach Party, which was equipped with a Land Rover, a Bedford 4-ton truck, two tractor units—one a track layer, the other equipped with a bucket—and a Centurion BARV.
The squadron also had duties aboard, (ensuring equipment and troops got to shore as they were needed), radio operators and administration.
Built in Belfast at the Harland and Wolff yard, she was launched in 1963 before undergoing trials and commissioning in 1965.
Following commissioning, her first operational tasking was acting as a command platform for British Counter-Terrorism operations in Aden, operating Royal Air Force aircraft and the Irish Guards prior to the British withdrawal as Flag of a 25 platform task group.
Following the Aden experiences, she was the venue for talks between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith in 1968, over the future of Rhodesia.
Fitted with modern satellite communications equipment, it hosted the staff of amphibious force commander Commodore Michael Clapp (Commodore Amphibious Warfare (COMAW)), and Commanding Officer 3 Commando Brigade, Brigadier Julian Thompson and his staff, as well as elements of the landing force.
As a result of the conflict, Royal Marine Coxswain Corporal Alan White received a commendation from the Task Force Commander, Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse, for his part in rescuing 41 crew from using Foxtrot 7, one of four LCVP landing craft carried by Fearless.
Foxtrot 7 is now located in the Royal Marines Museum in Portsmouth, with detailed accounts from Corporal Alan White of the missions he took part in, including the landings at San Carlos.
She was placed out of commission for three years in 1985 prior to a two-year refit at Devonport, recommissioning in 1991.
During this refit, her 1940s-vintage 40mm Bofors cannon and 1960s-vintage Sea Cat anti-aircraft missile launchers were replaced by 20 mm BMARC and Phalanx CIWS guns.
From 1991 until 1995 she supported the sea training phase of initial officer training, undertaken at Britannia Royal Naval College, as part of the Dartmouth Training Squadron.
This was the first warship successfully exported for recycling by any western government that fully complied with international agreements and the principles concerning environmentally sound management of waste.
Based in HM Naval Base, Devonport, Plymouth, Devon and HM Naval Base Portsmouth, she saw service around the world over her 32-year life.
In the process of being decommissioned for sale, she was rapidly returned to service to sail as part of the British operation to retake the Falkland Islands after the Argentine invasion in 1982.
She landed troops in amphibious assaults on the Islands and the Argentine surrender was signed on her deck at the conclusion of the Falklands War.
The LPDs provided support to a Royal Marines amphibious assault force and provided a platform for the Headquarters capability prior to, and during, the assault phase.
She was built in Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, at the John Brown & Company yard and was launched in 1964 before undergoing trials and commissioning in 1967.
She came under heavy air attack once again during the operation, and was the main participant in the landings at Bluff Cove on 6 June.
From June 1985 until 1990 she supported the sea training phase of initial officer training, undertaken at Britannia Royal Naval College, as part of the Dartmouth Training Squadron.
This happened because in the late 1960s and very early 1970s, the strength of the Royal Marines had been cut severely by the then Labour government (Harold Wilson) and the Marines were unable to fulfill a number of the amphibious liaison posts on board the ships.
Having been previously suggested as potential diving site on the south coast, various veterans of the Falklands War started a petition on the 10 Downing Street website to preserve the ship as a memorial to the conflict.
Route 34 is long, and extends from Washington Avenue near I-84/US 6 in Newtown to the junction of I-95 and I-91 in New Haven.
The mile-long expressway segment, the Oak Street Connector, is planned to be rerouted to city streets as part of the New Haven Downtown Crossing project.
Route 34 begins as the two-lane Berkshire Road in the Sandy Hook section of the town of Newtown, as a continuation of Washington Avenue (a town road).
The road crosses under I-84 after a tenth of a mile, then intersects after another with Wasserman Way (SSR 490), which leads to ramps to/from I-84 at Exit 11.
The road then heads east towards the Stevenson section of the town of Monroe, where the road name changes to Roosevelt Drive at the town line.
After intersecting Route 111 (leading to Monroe center), Route 34 crosses the Housatonic River via the Stevenson Dam Bridge into the town of Oxford.
Route 34 soon enters the city of Derby, where it becomes Main Street after the intersection with Bridge Street ('State Road 712'), which leads to Route 110 in downtown Shelton.
It intersects Route 115 (for Ansonia and Seymour center) right after the bridge then turns southward as New Haven Avenue as it continues towards the town of Orange.
In Orange, the road becomes Derby Turnpike and has intersections with Route 121 (for Milford) and Route 152 for Orange center.
Soon after, the road downgrades to an undivided four lane road and crosses into New Haven where the road name changes to Derby Avenue.
Eastbound Route 34 turns onto Legion Avenue, later becoming South Frontage Road (former Oak Street), while westbound Route 34 uses North Frontage Road.
The corresponding westbound section along North Frontage Road is officially designated as State Road 706 but is signed as Route 34 West.
The mainline of Route 34 is designated on the ramps for I-95 north and officially ends at the northbound I-95 merge.
Route 34 westbound from its westbound entrances until Orchard Street is notorious for excessive speeding, as people often go much faster than the posted speed limits of 30 MPH and 25 MPH (respectively) on this section of roadway.
It ran from downtown New Haven, beginning at York Street, and followed Chapel Street to Derby Avenue, which connected to modern Route 34 and continued to downtown Derby.
West of downtown Derby, another turnpike corporation, the Ousatonic Turnpike, was chartered also in 1795 to build a toll road between Derby and New Milford following the east bank of the Housatonic River.
In 1834, the northern half of the remaining portion (north of the present Stevenson Dam) was given to another company, the River Turnpike Company, to try to make the road profitable.
In 1841, however, the River Turnpike road reverted to the Ousatonic, and the Ousatonic company itself was dissolved the following year in 1842.
The portion of the old Ousatonic road north of Stevenson Dam is now mostly submerged as a result of the damming of the Housatonic to form Lake Zoar and Lake Lillinonah.
In 1922, when route numbers were first publicly signed in the New England region, the route from New Haven to the village of Sandy Hook was designated as State Highway 117.
The road followed the Derby Turnpike and the remaining portion of the Ousatonic Turnpike to the village of Stevenson, then the rest of modern Route 34 to Sandy Hook.
In the 1932 state highway renumbering, old Highway 117 was renumbered to Route 34 with an additional westward extension to the city of Danbury.
At the time, Route 34 overlapped with US 6 into the borough of Newtown, then used modern Route 302 to Bethel and modern Route 53 to downtown Danbury.
In December 2008, the City of New Haven received nine proposals for design/engineering services for the planned boulevardization of the Downtown New Haven (limited access) section of Route 34.
Plans for redeveloping the highway's western section in New Haven (in a neighborhood also demolished for a limited access highway, but where the highway was never built) have undergone significant public discussion as part of the City of New Haven's MDP process for re-using the of empty land.
In May 2013, phase one of the New Haven Downtown Crossing project began, intending to reroute Route 34 away from the freeway segment in New Haven onto widened frontage roads.
New bridges are also planned to reconnect streets disconnected by the highway, providing bike lanes and sidewalks, as well as pedestrian access to adjacent development.
Operation Corona was a Royal Air Force (RAF) initiative to confuse German nightfighters during RAF bomber raids on German cities during World War II.
Both native speakers and people who could speak German to a standard where they could be taken for a native speaker impersonated German Air Defence officers.
They initiated communications via radio with German nightfighter pilots and countermanded previously given orders, thus reducing the efficiency of German air defence.
The operation was launched during a bombing raid on the German industrial center of Kassel on the night of 22 October to 23 October 1943 in which 90% of the city was burned, leaving 10,000 dead and 150,000 homeless.
These people were very valuable to RAF Bomber Command, since between them they natively spoke any German accent and hence were capable of countermanding the orders given from the senior German officers in the Air Defence headquarters, and so could redirect the nightfighters to other targets or give them orders to land immediately at an airbase.
The Sleeping Giant is a formation of mesas and sills on Sibley Peninsula which resembles a giant lying on its back when viewed from the west to north-northwest section of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
One Ojibway legend identifies the giant as Nanabijou, who was turned to stone when the secret location of a rich silver mine now known as Silver Islet was disclosed to white men.
It was voted number one for a list of Seven Wonders of Canada, with a total of 177,305 votes, beating the Bay of Fundy and Niagara Falls by almost 90 000 votes.
Ultimately it was not selected by the panel of judges, Ra McGuire, Roberta Jamieson and Roy MacGregor, who decided their vote by geographic and poetic criteria.
Sleeping Giant (also known as Mount Carmel) is a rugged traprock mountain with a high point of , located north of New Haven, Connecticut.
A prominent landscape feature visible for miles, the Sleeping Giant receives its name from its anthropomorphic resemblance to a slumbering human figure as seen from either the north or south.
The highest point is the Left Hip, , followed by the Chest, , and the Left Knee and Right Leg, each, and so on.
A stone observation tower located on the Left Hip, built by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s, offers 360° views of the surrounding Mill and Quinnipiac River valleys.
An old rock quarry, closed since 1933 and now part of the state park, has left scars on the Giant's Head.
It is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border.
The west side of Sleeping Giant drains into the Mill River thence to New Haven Harbor and Long Island Sound; the east side into the Quinnipiac River, thence to New Haven Harbor and Long Island Sound.
Sleeping Giant, a fault-block ridge that formed 200 million years ago during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, is composed of traprock, also known as basalt, an extrusive volcanic rock.
Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance.
The basalt cliffs are the product of several massive lava flows hundreds of feet deep that welled up in faults created by the rifting apart of North America from Eurasia and Africa.
Subsequent erosion wore away the weaker sedimentary layers at a faster rate than the basalt layers, leaving the abruptly tilted edges of the basalt sheets exposed, creating the distinct linear ridge and dramatic cliff faces visible today.
One way to imagine this is to picture a layer cake tilted slightly up with some of the frosting (the sedimentary layer) removed in between.
Because the ridge generates such varied terrain, it is the home of several plant and animal species that are state-listed or globally rare.
According to Native Americans of the Quinnipiac Tribe, the giant stone spirit Hobbomock (or Hobomock), a prominent wicked figure in many stories (see Pocumtuck Ridge and Quinnipiac), became enraged about the mistreatment of his people and stamped his foot down in anger, diverting the course of the Connecticut River (where the river suddenly swings east in Middletown, Connecticut after several hundred miles of running due south).
To prevent him from wreaking such havoc in the future, the good spirit Keitan cast a spell on Hobbomock to sleep forever as the prominent man-like form of the Sleeping Giant.
During the mid-19th century, spurred by the painters of the Hudson River School and transcendentalist philosophers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, an interest in mountains as a respite from industrialization and urbanization took hold in New England.
Conservation of the Giant began in 1924 with the creation of the Sleeping Giant Park Association (SGPA) by a group of local residents concerned with ongoing traprock quarrying on the Giant's head.
A cottage owner, Judge Willis Cook, had leased his property to the Mount Carmel Traprock Company for the purpose of quarrying traprock for building materials.
The blasting away of what was a beloved landscape feature resulted in public outrage, well reported by local newspapers at the time.
Under the leadership of James W. Toumey, a Yale University forestry professor, the SGPA undertook a ten-year struggle with the traprock operation.
The property was purchased by the SGPA in 1933, during the Great Depression, for $30,000; the money was raised through private donations and the property became the Sleeping Giant State Park.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as part of the Connecticut State Park and Forest Depression-Era Federal Work Relief Programs Structures.
On May 15, 2018, a severe microburst caused significant damage to the park, forcing officials to close the park for an unspecified period of time.
The damage was initially assumed to be from a tornado, but the National Weather Serviced determined that the tornado ended just west of Sleeping Giant State Park and had transitioned to a 100-mph microburst by the time it reached the park.
The clifftops offer long views of much of New Haven County and some of Hartford County over more than 270 degrees of the compass, and (atmospheric conditions permitting) across Long Island Sound to the Shoreham area on Long Island.
Trails specifically designed for horseback riding and cross-country skiing are located on the lower reaches of the Giant, and fishing is allowed in the abutting Mill River.
The Quinnipiac Trail—the oldest trail in the blue blazed trail system managed by the Connecticut Forest and Park Association—traverses the length of the Giant from the Quinnipiac River west over the Giant's high points to the Mill River then continues north over West Rock Ridge and Mount Sanford.
The trails and facilities on Sleeping Giant are collaboratively maintained by the Sleeping Giant Park Association and the State of Connecticut, with the bulk of the trail maintenance done by the association.
The SGPA has also been instrumental in defeating attempts to log the Giant, build communications towers on its summits, and close the state park altogether.
The Connecticut Forest and Park Association also has a working investment in the conservation of the Giant and trail building on it.
The Anatolian Plate or the Turkish Plate is a continental tectonic plate comprising most of the Anatolia (Asia Minor) peninsula (and the country of Turkey).
This convergence manifests in compressive features within the oceanic crust beneath the Mediterranean as well as within the continental crust of Anatolia itself, and also by what are generally considered to be subduction zones along the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs.
Research indicates that the Anatolian Plate is rotating counterclockwise as it is being pushed west by the Arabian Plate, impeded from any northerly movement by the Eurasian Plate.
It is now being squeezed by the Arabian Plate from the east and forced toward the west as the Eurasian Plate to its north is blocking motion in that direction.
While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones, ketoacidosis is a specific pathologic condition that results in changes in blood pH and requires medical attention.
The most common cause of ketoacidosis is diabetic ketoacidosis but can also be caused by alcohol, medications, toxins, and rarely starvation.
If the mechanisms that control ketone production fail, ketone levels may become dramatically elevated and cause dangerous changes in physiology such as a metabolic acidosis.
A lack of insulin in the bloodstream allows unregulated fatty acid release from adipose tissue which increases fatty acid oxidation to acetyl CoA, some of which is diverted to ketogenesis.
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is caused by complex physiology that is usually the result of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake in the setting of poor nutrition.
An additional stressor such as vomiting or dehydration can cause an increase in counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone which may further increase free fatty acid release and ketone production.
Ketoacidosis from starvation, most commonly occurs in the setting of an additional metabolic stressor such as pregnancy, lactation, or acute illness.
Ketones are primarily produced from free fatty acids in the mitochondria of liver cells.The production of ketones is strongly regulated by insulin and an absolute or relative lack of insulin underlies the pathophysiology of ketoacidosis.
Insulin is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid release, so insulin deficiency can cause an uncontrolled release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.
This can occur during states of complete insulin deficiency (such as untreated diabetes) or relative insulin deficiency in states of elevated glucagon and counter-regulatory hormones (such as starvation, heavy chronic alcohol use or illness).
Certain populations are predisposed to develop ketoacidosis including people with diabetes, people with a history of prolonged and heavy alcohol use, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, children, and infants.
People with diabetes that produce very little or no insulin are predisposed to develop ketoacidosis, especially during periods of illness or missed insulin doses.
Pregnant women have high levels of hormones including glucagon and human placental lactogen that increase circulating free fatty acids which increases ketone production.
These populations are at risk of developing ketoacidosis in the setting of metabolic stressors such as fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, or acute illness.
Children and infants have lower glycogen stores and may develop high levels of glucagon and counter-regulatory hormones during acute illness, especially gastrointestinal illness.
He was regarded as having been one of the most prominent theorists of Minimalism along with Donald Judd but he also made important contributions to the development of performance art, land art, the Process Art movement, and installation art.
In 2013 as part of the October Files, MIT Press published a volume on Morris, examining his work and influence, edited by Julia Bryan-Wilson.
He then studied art at both the University of Kansas and at Kansas City Art Institute as well as philosophy at Reed College .
After moving to New York City in 1959 to study sculpture, he received a master's degree in art history in 1963 from Hunter College.
While living in California, Morris also came into contact with the work of La Monte Young, John Cage, and Warner Jepson with whom he and first wife Simone Forti collaborated.
The idea that art making was a record of a performance by the artist (drawn from Hans Namuth’s photos of Pollock at work) in the studio led to an interest in dance and choreography.
During the 1950s, Morris' furthered his interest in dance while living in San Francisco with his wife, the dancer and choreographer Simone Forti.
In 1963 he had an exhibition of Minimal sculptures at the Green Gallery in New York that was written about by Donald Judd.
The following year, also at Green Gallery, Morris exhibited a suite of large-scale polyhedron forms constructed from 2 x 4s and gray-painted plywood.
By the late 1960s Morris was being featured in museum shows in America but his work and writings drew criticism from Clement Greenberg.
His work became larger scale taking up the majority of the gallery space with series of modular units or piles of earth and felt.
In 1971 Morris designed an exhibition for the Tate Gallery that took up the whole central sculpture gallery with ramps and cubes.
In 2002, Morris designed a set of seventeen pale blue and beige-coloured stained-glass windows for the medieval Maguelone Cathedral, near Montpelier in France.
The windows, which depict the ripples of a pebble dropped in water, were produced by Ateliers Duchemin glassmakers and placed in restored romanesque window lights around the cathedral building.
Critic Amelia Jones argued that the body poster was a statement about hyper-masculinity and the stereotypical idea that masculinity equated to homophobia.
(…) his theater is one of negation: negation of the avant-gardist concept of originality, negation of logic and reason, negation of the desire to assign uniform cultural meanings to diverse phenomena; negation of a worldview that distrusts the unfamiliar and the unconventional.
Winkenweder then cites the mockery to which Morris' critics are subjected in his absurdist satire, as bricks are hurled at each of Denson's questions.
Body Bob threw the I-Box at the Major who then bent Stagette out of shape with the Corner Piece and Blind smeared cup grease on Dirt Macher's … wait a minute, Ignatz.
You started this bedlam by throwing bricks at everyone, I bet...Get Body Bob out of that Kraut helmet immediately…No, I did not give it to Lil Dahlink Felt with the Card File.
Numerous museums have hosted solo exhibitions of his work, including the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York (1970), the Art Institute of Chicago (1980), the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago and the Newport Harbor Art Museum (1986), and the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (1990).
In 1994, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, organized a major retrospective of the artist’s work, which traveled to the Deichtorhallen in Hamburg and the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris.
When a collector, the architect Philip Johnson, did not pay Morris for a work he had ostensibly purchased, the artist drew up a certificate of deauthorization that officially withdrew all aesthetic content from his piece, making it nonexistent as art.
Mr. Peanut was the advertising logo and mascot of Planters, an American snack-food company and division of Kraft Heinz based in Chicago, Illinois.
He was depicted as an anthropomorphic peanut in its shell dressed in the formal clothing of an old-fashioned gentleman: top hat, monocle, white gloves, spats, and a cane.
Planters Peanut Company was founded in 1906, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, by Amedeo Obici and was incorporated two years later as the Planters Nut and Chocolate Company.
After Gentile's design was chosen, the commercial artist Andrew S. Wallach added the monocle, top hat, and cane to create the iconic image.
While Gentile's family originally received five dollars for winning the contest, Obici befriended them and paid Antonio’s, and four of his siblings', way through college.
After Obici paid Antonio's way through medical school, he became a doctor in Newport News, where he died of a heart attack in 1939.
There is a disputed claim that Frank P. Krize Sr., a Wilkes-Barre artist and head of the Suffolk plant, made the additions of the monocle, top hat and cane.
In 2006, Planters conducted an online contest to determine whether to add a bow tie, cufflinks, or a pocketwatch to Mr. Peanut.
On January 22, 2020, Planters released a teaser for its Super Bowl LIV commercial featuring Mr. Peanut, Wesley Snipes and Matt Walsh.
The trio were shown hanging onto a branch after accidentally driving the Nutmobile off a cliff, with Mr. Peanut electing to let go and fall to his presumed death onto the Nutmobile, which then suddenly explodes.
Planters suspended the campaign shortly after the death of Kobe Bryant in a helicopter crash on January 26; it plans on resuming the campaign with the Super Bowl commercial.
The NAIA Division I Women's Basketball National Championship Tournament is held at the Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark in Billings, Montana and has been played there since in 2012.
The NAIA was the only international intercollegiate athletic association in North America; the NAIA DI Women's Basketball Championship was the first championship to feature a college from outside the United States in the championship game.
The NAIA Division II Women's Basketball National Championship Tournament is held annually, currently at the Tyson Events Center and Gateway Arena in Sioux City, Iowa.
The NAIA announced in April 2018 that it would discontinue its Division II basketball championships for both men and women after the 2019–20 season.
Bagger moved with her family to Australia in 1979, when she was twelve and started to again play golf fully in 1998, first as an amateur player, then turning professional in 2003.
In 2004, by playing in the Women's Australian Open, she became the first openly transitioned woman to play in a professional golf tournament.
She also became the first trans woman to qualify for the Ladies European Tour in 2004, also becoming the first high-profile transitioned woman to qualify for a professional sports tour since Renee Richards joined the Women's Tennis Association tour during the 1970s.
Through her efforts, many professional golf organizations have amended their practices, but the policies generally still constrict rules of gender variance, and view atypically gendered women as something other than women.
She was open about her life and played in various amateur events around Adelaide and was invited to join the women's South Australian State Squad.
All organizations that prevented her from competing had never actually done any research but had merely adopted a blanket ruling without question.
Bagger answered that many people are not aware of physiological aspects of gender variant conditions and the issues related to transitioning.
This led to a front-page story in Sydney, which prompted Bagger to hold a news conference the day before the tournament to answer questions and present information on transitioned and transgender people.
At Bagger's first tournament as a professional, Laura Davies and Rachel Teske were among players who were happy to allow Bagger to compete.
Bagger caused a media stir in 2004 when she played the Australia Women's Open and had intentions also of joining the Australian Ladies Professional Golf Tour (ALPG Tour).
The 2004 ruling by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) regarding transitioned athletes led to a re-examination of rules in many sports.
In September 2004, after continued lobbying by Bagger, the Ladies European Tour voted on amending their membership entry criteria, allowing Bagger to compete on tour.
Later that year, the ALPG also voted in favour of changing their constitution to remove the 'female at birth' clause, thus making Bagger eligible to join the ALPG Tour in Australia.
On 9 February 2005, the Ladies Golf Union also announced a policy change allowing Bagger to compete in the Women's British Open.
On 21 March 2005, the United States Golf Association announced it adopted a new 'gender policy' that allows transitioned athletes to compete in USGA golf championships, including the upcoming U.S. Women's Open.
Bagger, along with a few high-profile athletes and a growing number of medical professionals and researchers around the world, continue to lobby the IOC, IAAF, WADA et al.
Bagger also shares that many of these decisions are made by popular vote of members, often professionals in their sport, who are not doctors or medical professionals, and have no relevant medical training.
Planters is an American snack food company, a division of Kraft Heinz based in Chicago, best known for its processed nuts and for the Mr. Peanut icon that symbolizes them.
Peruzzi had developed his own method of blanching whole roasted peanuts, doing away with the troublesome hulls and skins; and so with six employees, two large roasters, and crude machinery, Planters was founded.
Amedeo Obici believed that prices and first profits were as important as repeat business, focusing his operation on quality and brand name for continued success.
By 1913, Obici had moved to Suffolk, Virginia, the peanut capital of the world, and opened Planters' first mass production plant and facility there.
The trio were shown hanging onto a branch after accidentally driving the Nutmobile off a cliff, with Mr. Peanut electing to let go and fall to his presumed death, and the Nutmobile on the ground suddenly exploding.
The Kassel World War II bombings were a set of Allied strategic bombing attacks which took place from February 1942 to March 1945.
In a single deadliest raid on 22–23 October 1943, 150,000 inhabitants were bombed-out, at least 10,000 people died, the vast majority of the city center was destroyed, and the fire of the most severe air raid burned for seven days.
It can aid in representing the competitive equilibrium of a simple system or a range of such outcomes that satisfy economic efficiency.
In the latter case, it serves as a precursor to the bargaining problem of game theory that allows a unique numerical solution.
Imagine two people (Octavio and Abby) with a fixed amount of resources between the two of them — say, 10 liters of water and 20 hamburgers.
If Abby takes 4 liters of water and 5 hamburgers, then Octavio is left with 6 liters of water and 15 hamburgers.
The Edgeworth box is a rectangular diagram with Octavio's origin on one corner (represented by the 'O') and Abby's origin on the opposite corner (represented by the 'A').
The width of the box is the total amount of one good, and the height is the total amount of the other good.
Hence Abby is indifferent between one combination of goods and another on any one of her indifference curves, and the same is true for Octavio.
For example, Abby might value 1 liter of water and 13 hamburgers the same as 5 liters of water and 4 hamburgers, or 3 liters and 10 hamburgers.
There are an infinite number of such curves that could be drawn among the combinations of goods for each consumer (Octavio or Abby).
With Octavio's origin (the point representing zero of each good) at the lower left corner of the Edgeworth box and with Abby's origin at the upper right corner, typically Octavio's indifference curves would be convex to his origin and Abby's would be convex to her origin.
When an indifference curve for Abby crosses one of the indifference curves for Octavio at more than one point (so the two curves are not tangent to each other), a space in the shape of a lens is created by the crossing of the two curves.
Any point in the interior of this lens represents an allocation of the two goods between the two people such that both people would be better off than at the corners of the lens, since the interior point is on an indifference curve farther from both of their respective origins, and thus, each individual achieves a higher utility.
Wherever one of these curves for Abby happens to be tangent to a curve of Octavio's, a combination of the two goods is identified that yields both consumers a level of utility that could not be improved for one person by a reallocation without decreasing the utility of the other person.
The set of tangential points of contact between pairs of indifference curves, if all traced out, will form a trace connecting Octavio's origin (O) to Abby's (A).
This curve connecting points 'O' and 'A', which will not in general be a straight line, is called the Pareto set or the efficient locus, since each point on the curve is Pareto optimal.
The entire Pareto set is sometimes called the contract curve, while Mas-Colell, Winston, and Green (1995) restrict the definition of the contract curve to only those points on the Pareto set which make both Abby and Octavio at least as well off as they are at their initial endowment.
Other authors who have a more game theoretical bent, such as Martin Osborne and Ariel Rubinstein (1994), use the term core for the section of the Pareto set which is at least as good for each consumer as the initial endowment.
In order to calculate the Pareto set, the slope of the indifference curves for both consumers must be calculated at each point.
That slope is the negative of the marginal rate of substitution, so since the Pareto set is the set of points where both indifference curves are tangent, it is also the set of points where each consumer's marginal rate of substitution is equal to that of the other person.
An example of its use might be to quantitatively compare two pieces of paper which appear white viewed individually, but not when juxtaposed.
The numbers in the subscript indicate the observer: two for the CIE 1931 standard observer and ten for the CIE 1964 standard observer.
Limerick Institute of Technology (LIT) is an institution of higher education in Limerick, Ireland and is one of 14 member institutions of the Technological Higher Education Association (THEA).
The Institute has campuses in Limerick city, one in both Thurles and Clonmel in County Tipperary and a regional learning centre in Ennis, County Clare.
The main campus is located at Moylish Park adjacent to Thomond Park and houses the Faculty of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology and the School of Business and Humanities.
LIT offers courses at Level 6 (certificate) through Level 10 (PhD) whilst also catering for craft apprentices and adult and continuing education.
The Limerick Athenaeum was part of an international movement for the promotion of artistic and scientific learning, started by John Wilson Croker at the Athenaeum Club in London in 1823.
The trustees of the Limerick Athenaeum handed the building over to Limerick Corporation in 1896 in order to administer the property for the advancement of artistic and technical education in Limerick.
This brought the tradition of fusing artistic and technical education into the public domain, a tradition that has been retained and refined by LIT.
By the 1970s, it had grown to such a degree that a new campus had to be acquired in Moylish for technical education, with artistic education continuing in a number of locations in the city centre.
The institute was constituted as Limerick College of Art, Commerce and Technology (Limerick CoACT) in 1980, became a Regional Technical College in 1993 and an Institute of Technology in 1997.
Moylish has developed into the main campus of Limerick Institute of Technology, with Limerick School of Art and Design fully located in its Clare Street Campus since 2008.
This merger brought LIT’s distinctive educational ethos to two new campus locations in Thurles and Clonmel and increased the institution’s footprint across the region.
In 2017, the institute was granted planning permission for a new campus at Coonagh in Limerick, to be focused on teaching and research in engineering.
Mr Pat MacDonagh served as head of the college from 1978, through its evolution to an RTC and Institute of Technology, he resigned as director in 2003.
The Development Office works with the Registrar and Heads of School/Department to address the widening participation agenda in the broadest sense from Level 6 to Level 10 as per the National Framework of Qualifications by piloting new initiatives and then assisting to mainstream these initiatives within LIT.
The Development Office activity includes: enhancing R&D and Technology Transfer; managing relationships with second level education providers; Lifelong Learning; and liaison with enterprise and employment development agencies in the Mid-West region.
Client companies can rent office suites and avail of management development supports, including one-to-one business coaching, peer networking and research collaboration.
The centre works with enterprise support agencies, including Enterprise Ireland and County & City Enterprise Boards and is a Microsoft BizSpark Network Partner.
The Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre (SABC) is based on the main campus and is a joint venture between LIT and the Institute of Technology, Tralee.
Most recently, LIT's mens basketball team won All Ireland Division 3 championship in 2016, and All Ireland Division 2 championship in 2019.
The Institute senior hurling team captured the Fitzgibbon Cup in 2005 and 2007 and the senior rugby team captured the All-Ireland Colleges Championship in 1998, 1999 and 2005.
It caters for all students, past and present interested in non-competitive activities such as Hillwalking, Orienteering, Mountaineering, Canoeing/Kayaking, Rock Climbing, Windsurfing, Surfing, Caving, Sailing and Mountain Biking.
LIT has a number of sports related courses with programmes in Strength & Conditioning being run at its Thurles campus, in partnership with the online sports college Setanta College, and the Department of Humanities offers a Level 8-degree in Business Studies with Sports Management.
The Millennium Theatre is located at Moylish Park and is host to a variety of live entertainment, concerts, recitals, drama, comedy and dance, with a capacity of 400.
The Fremont Troll (also known as The Troll, or the Troll Under the Bridge) is a public sculpture in the Fremont neighborhood of Seattle, Washington in the United States.
In 1990, the Fremont Arts Council launched an art competition whose partial goal was to rehabilitate the area under the bridge, which was becoming a dumping ground and haven for drug dealers.
In 2011 the Fremont Arts Council licensed a Chia Pet based on the Fremont Troll that was sold at a local drug store chain.
However, in this story, no goats ever cross the troll's bridge and he is forced to survive on fish that he catches from the river.
Meanwhile, the pirate captain Hank Chief and his crew (Peg Polkadot, Ben Buckle, and Percy Patch) are searching for the treasure that is marked on their map, but are unable to locate the correct island.
Eventually, the troll reaches the sea and realises that he has been tricked by the other animals; he sees what he thinks are goat tracks in the sand and sets about laying a trap for the goat in a spot not too far from the location on the pirate's treasure map.
The troll is delighted and proceeds to tell the pirates that he will make them his favourite goat stew only to be advised, to his horror, that all the pirates desire is .. fish.
Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and attacking people targeted by the police.
Recently, the Belgian Malinois has become the dog of choice for police and military work due to their intense drive and focus.
Wealth and money was then tithed in the villages for the upkeep of the parish constable's bloodhounds that were used for hunting down outlaws.
The rapid urbanization of London in the 19th century increased public concern regarding growing lawlessness – a problem that was far too great to be dealt with by the existing law enforcement of the time.
One of the first attempts to use dogs in policing was in 1889 by the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police of London, Sir Charles Warren.
Warren's repeated failures at identifying and apprehending the serial killer Jack the Ripper had earned him much vilification from the press, including being denounced for not using bloodhounds to track the killer.
He soon had two bloodhounds trained for the performance of a simple tracking test from the scene of another of the killer's crimes.
The results were far from satisfactory, with one of the hounds biting the Commissioner and both dogs later running off, requiring a police search to find them.
Police in Paris began using dogs against roaming criminal gangs at night, but it was the police department in Ghent, Belgium that introduced the first organized police dog service program in 1899.
These methods soon spread to Austria-Hungary and Germany; in the latter the first scientific developments in the field took place with experiments in dog breeding and training.
The German police selected the German Shepherd Dog as the ideal breed for police work and opened up the first dog training school in 1920 in Greenheide.
In Britain, the North Eastern Railway Police were among the first to use police dogs in 1908 to put a stop to theft from the docks in Hull.
The canine handlers go through a long process of training to ensure that they will train the dog to the best of its ability.
First, the canine handler has to complete the requisite police academy training and one to two years of patrol experience before becoming eligible to transfer to a specialty canine unit.
However, having dog knowledge and / or training outside of the police academy is considered to be an asset, this could be dog obedience, crowd control, communicating effectively with animals and being approachable and personable since having a dog will draw attention from surrounding citizens.
Dogs are initially trained with this language for basic behavior, so, it is easier for the officer to learn new words/commands, rather than retraining the dog to new commands.
This is contrary to the popular belief that police dogs are trained in a different language so that a suspect cannot command the dog against the officer.
Their training is tough and requires being able to distinguish different kinds of drugs while avoiding getting blinded if another smell takes over.
These dogs could smell narcotics even if one were cooking steak right next to them, making them an effective detection dog.
Dogs can only be trained for one or the other because the dog cannot communicate to the officer if it found explosives or narcotics.
When a narcotics dog in the United States indicates to the officer that it found something, the officer has reasonable suspicion to search whatever the dog alerted on (i.e.
Some breeds are used to enforce public order by chasing and detaining suspects either by direct apprehension or a method known as Bark and Hold.
Many police dogs that are chosen are male and remain unneutered to maintain their aggressive behavior, however there are female police dogs which are used for rescue, tracking, and locating bombs and drugs Belgian Malinois are most commonly used because of their availability .
Police dogs are retired if they become injured to an extent where they will not recover completely, pregnant, or raising puppies, or are too old or sick to continue working.
Since many dogs are raised in working environments for the first year of their life and retired before they become unable to perform, the working life of a dog is 6–9 years.
However, when police dogs retire in some countries they may have the chance to receive a pension plan for their contribution.
Police dogs in Nottinghamshire, England, now have the opportunity to retire with a form of security since their government forces now offer $805 over the span of three years to cover any additional medical costs.
Not only do they now receive a pension plan but they also get to retire and reside with their original handler.
The Australian Federal Police and other law enforcement agencies are known to employ K9s for security priorities such as airport duties.
Border Guards Bangladesh, Rapid Action Battalion and the Dhaka Metropolitan Police maintain several dog squads to assist in anti-narcotic and anti-bombing campaigns.
However, they used privately owned dogs until 1935 when the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) saw the value of police dogs and created the first team in 1937.
Most municipalities in Canada employ the bite and hold technique rather than the bark and hold technique meaning once the dog is deployed, it bites the suspect until the dog handler commands it to release.
As such, developing case law is moving towards absolute liability for the handlers of animals deliberately released to intentionally maim suspects.
In 2010, an Alberta Court of Queen's Bench judge stayed criminal charges against Kirk Steele, a man who was near-fatally shot by a police officer while he stabbed the officer's police dog.
Police require reasonable suspicion they will recover evidence in order to use a dog to sniff a person or their possessions in public.
The main exemption to that rule are the dogs of the Canada Border Services Agency who are allowed to make searches without warrants under s.98 of the Customs Act.
In 2017, it was reported that the Canadian forces now have approximately 170 RCMP dog teams across Canada and it is continuing to grow as more and more Canadian municipalities are seeing the value of police dogs.
There are a total of 240 active police dogs in Denmark, each of which are ranked in one of three groups: Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3.
Group 1 dogs are typically within the age range of four to eight years old and are used for patrolling, rescue, searching for biological evidence and major crime investigations.
Group 2 dogs are employed for the same tasks as members of Group 1, but they do not participate in major crime investigations or searching for biological evidence.
The Police Dog Unit (PDU; Chinese: 警犬隊) was established in 1949 and is a specialist force of the Hong Kong Police under the direct command of the Special Operations Bureau.
They specialize in identifying scents (identifying the scent shared by an object and a person), narcotics, explosives and firearms, detecting human remains, locating drowning people and fire accelerants.
For example, the canine unit of the regional police Amsterdam-Amstelland has 24 patroldog handlers and six specialdog handlers and four instructors.
The unit has 24 patroldogs, three explosives/firearms dogs, three active narcotic dogs, two passive narcotic dogs, two scent identifying dogs, one crime scene dog and one USAR dog.
In India, the National Security Guard inducted the Belgian Malinois into its K-9 Unit, Border Security Force and Central Reserve Police Force use Rajapalayam as guard dogs to support the Force in the borders of Kashmir.
All the law enforcement in Italy (Carabinieri, Polizia di Stato and Guardia di Finanza) have in service many patrol dogs for Public Order, Anti-Drug, Anti-explosive, Search and Rescue.
These dogs are kept on a leash at all times and are required to wear a muzzle unless the dog is needed to pursue and detain a suspect.
Russian Police Dogs may react to any and all stimuli only if they are ordered to do so by their handler.
German shepherds are also used for tasks such as seeking dangerous fugitives, tracking, and were ultimately chosen as the all-purpose police and army breed.
There is however no requirement for the dogs to be purebred, as long as they meet mental and physical requirements set by the police.
The police dogs live with their operators, and after retirement at age 8–10 the operator often assumes the ownership of the dog.
Police forces across the country employ dogs and handlers and dog training schools are available to cater for the ever-increasing number of dogs being used.
There are over 2,500 police dogs employed amongst the various police forces in the UK, with the Belgian Malinois as the most popular breed for general purpose work.
In 2008, a Belgian Malinois female handled by PC Graham Clarke won the National Police Dog Trials with the highest score ever recorded.
To obtain the license they have to pass a test at the completion of their training, and then again every year until they retire, which is usually at about the age of 8.
The standards required to become operational are laid down by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) sub-committee on police dogs and are reviewed on a regular basis to ensure that training and licensing reflects the most appropriate methods and standards.
K-9 units are operated on the federal, state, county, and local level and are utilized for a wide variety of duties, similar to those of other nations.
The most common police dogs used for everyday duties are the German Shepherd and the Belgian Malinois though other breeds may be used to perform specific tasks.
On the federal level, police dogs are rarely seen by the general public, though they may be viewed in some airports assisting Transportation Security Administration officials search for explosives and weapons or by Customs and Border Protection searching for concealed narcotics and people.
Some dogs may also be used by tactical components of such agencies as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the United States Marshals Service.
Most police agencies in the United States – whether state, county, or local – use K-9s as a means of law enforcement.
Often, even the smallest of departments operates a K-9 team of at least one dog, while the officers of more metropolitan cities can be more used to working with dozens.
In the former case, police dogs usually serve all purposes deemed necessary, most commonly suspect apprehension and narcotics detection, and teams are often on call; in the latter case, however, individual dogs usually serve individual purposes in which each particular animal is specialized, and teams usually serve scheduled shifts.
K-9s are not often seen by the public, though specialized police vehicles used for carrying dogs may be seen from time to time.
It is a felony to assault or kill a federal law enforcement animal, and it is a crime in most states to assault or kill a police animal.
Yet despite common belief, police dogs are not treated as police officers for the purpose of the law, and attacking a police dog is not punishable in the same manner as attacking a police officer.
Though many police departments formally swear dogs in as police officers, this swearing-in is purely honorary, and carries no legal significance.
Many jails and prisons will use special dog teams as a means of intervening in large-scale fights or riots by inmates.
In October 2017, the U.S. House Oversight and Government Reform Intergovernmental Affairs Subcommittee held a hearing about whether there is a sufficient supply of dogs that can be trained as police dogs.
During testimony at the subcommittee hearing, a representative from the American Kennel Club said that between 80–90 percent of dogs purchased by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Department of Defense come from foreign vendors, mostly located in Europe.
He served nine years as Lieutenant Governor of New York, four months as the fifth Governor of New York, and also in both houses of the New York State Legislature.
He was a member from Albany County in the New York State Assembly from 1777 to 1779, in 1780–81, and from 1785 to 1787.
He was appointed City Recorder (Deputy Mayor) of Albany in 1793, and First Judge of the Albany County Court in 1797.
On January 29, 1811, he was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor, Lt. Gov.
He served until the end of June 1811 when he was succeeded by DeWitt Clinton who had been elected Lt. Gov.
After Tompkins' resignation to assume the office of Vice President of the United States, Tayler served as Acting Governor from February 24 to June 30, 1817.
did not succeed to the governor's office but administrated the state only until the end of the yearly term of the New York State Assembly on June 30, the successor being elected in April.
This was the only occurrence of a vacancy of the governor's office under this Constitution, and in April 1817 DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor.
The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804 is linked to comments spoken by Hamilton at Tayler's home in Albany, which were related in a letter written by Tayler's son-in-law, Dr. Charles D. Cooper, which was later published in an Albany newspaper.
After her marriage to trumpeter Jimmy McPartland in February 1945, she resided in the United States when not travelling throughout the world to perform.
Janet refused to find her daughter a piano teacher until the age of 16, by which time Margaret was already adept at learning songs by ear.
This lack of early education meant that Marian was never a strong reader of notated music, and would always prefer to learn through listening.
She studied at Miss Hammond's School for Young Children from 1924 to 1927, Avonclyffe from 1927 to 1929, Holy Trinity Convent from 1929 to 1933, and finally Stratford House for Girls from 1933 to 1935.
Mackie suggested to the Turners that Margaret should apply to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, since Margaret clearly had an aptitude and passion for music.
Turner pursued studies at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, where she worked toward a performance degree that would enable her to become a concert pianist, though she also did coursework in vocal performance.
Turner's talents for improvisation and composition were recognized early when she won the Wainwright Memorial Scholarship for Composition, the Worshipful Company of Musicians Composition Scholarship, and the Chairman's School Composition Prize in 1936 and 1937.
Much to her family's dismay, she developed a love for American jazz and musicians such as Duke Ellington, Fats Waller, Teddy Wilson, Mary Lou Williams, and many others.
In 1938, Turner sought out Billy Mayerl at his School of Modern Syncopation to seek lessons, and was convinced to audition for his piano quartet.
After the Claviers tour, Marian returned to London in the fall of 1938 and played sporadically for shows and on the Carroll Lewis Show.
To avoid the draft during World War II, she volunteered for the Entertainment National Service Association (ENSA), a group that was playing for Allied troops, in fall 1940.
In 1944, her friend Zonie Dale recommended that Marian joined the United Service Organizations (USO) because they paid more and played with American men.
With the USO, Marian went through basic training and was issued a set of combat gear – GI boots, helmet, and uniform.
In anticipation of wartime demands, Marian learned to play the accordion in the event that there was no piano available with which to play for the troops.
McPartland had volunteered for the army and was serving active duty when his superiors realized that he could do better work as an entertainer, since he was well-known among the troops.
Jimmy was solicited to put together a sextet to entertain the troops, and invited Marian to join him as their pianist.
Marian was reluctant to tell her parents of the marriage, and had Jimmy's commanding officer tell them when he had lunch with them in England in early 1945.
Jimmy grew up in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago, and was an original member of the Austin High Gang that popularized Chicago-style Dixieland jazz in the 1920s.
This was semi-important for their association with the European jazz scene, but more significant because it marked the beginning of Marian's writing career.
In 1950, she announced that she would no longer go by her stage name, Marian Page, but would now go by her married name, Marian McPartland.
With Jimmy's help and encouragement, Marian started her own trio, which started performing at the newly opened 54th street club called The Embers on 8 May 1951.
Here, she learned how to lead her own group, and played with greats such as Roy Eldridge, Coleman Hawkins, and Terry Gibbs.
Ellington was influential on McPartland’s development as a pianist, and told her she played too many notes, a sentiment she would take to heart.
The drummer Joe Morello joined the group in 1953 and was a member of the trio until he departed to join Dave Brubeck's Quartet in late 1956.
This trio of McPartland, Morello, and Crow would stay together through 1956, and be named Small Group of the Year by Metronome in 1954.
It has been argued that McPartland never received the acclaim she deserved because she never stayed with any sidemen long enough to develop a unique sound, her 1953-56 group being the exception to this rule.
In 1958 a black and white group portrait of 57 notable jazz musicians, including McPartland, was photographed in front of a brownstone in Harlem, New York City.
Immediately preceding her death in August 2013, she was one of only four of the 57 participating musicians who were still alive.
After many years of recording for labels such as Capitol, Savoy, Argo, Sesac, Time, and Dot, in 1969 she founded her own record label, Halcyon Records, before having a long association with the Concord label.
It quickly became clear that Goodman did not like her more modern playing style, and she shifted out of the full septet to play exclusively in the trio numbers.
The physical and emotional strain of the last few years weighed hard on Marian during the stressful tour, and she checked herself into the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas for two weeks as an outpatient when the tour finished.
McPartland's counselling with Benjamin eventually led her to a number of important choices, the first being the decision to end her affair with Morello in the spring of 1964.
The second was her decision to divorce Jimmy in the summer of 1967, a separation that was made public in December of the same year.
Marian struggled to connect to the avant-garde jazz of the late 1960s, though she did endeavor to learn and adapt the free jazz style for her own use.
She was not in high demand as a performer through the 1960s, and her focus shifted to focus on jazz education.
Marian became aware of the need for jazz education when she was convinced to do a workshop at a high school in Rochester, New York, in 1956.
She realized that the kids were totally unaware of jazz, and utterly enamored with the new rock and roll sweeping the country.
In 1966, DeRosa received a grant that allowed him to further develop his method, and he moved to the Cold Spring Harbor High School.
One of her most challenging projects was in 1974 when she received a Washington DC grant to teach in poor black neighborhoods.
McPartland would be recognized for her work in jazz education in 1986, when she received the Jazz Educator of the Year award.
During an engagement at the Apartment, a New York club, in February 1967 she met Alec Wilder, a man with whom she would develop a great friendship and who would encourage her to write and compose.
They encountered each other again when Marian was touring in Rochester and began a collaboration that would become important, though difficult, for both of them.
After many years of recording for labels such as Capitol, Savoy, Argo Records, Sesac, Time, Design, and Dot Records, in 1969 McPartland co-founded her own record label, Halcyon Records.
By 1977, McPartland had become a public advocate for women in jazz, and headlined the first Women's Jazz Festival, which took place in Kansas City, March 17–19, 1978.
The late '70s marked the beginning of a renaissance for live jazz that sent Marian across the globe, performing in Asia, Europe, South America, and across the United States.
McPartland rarely used women in her combos, but she helped many young women find their feet in the jazz business such as Mary Fettig (first woman in the Stan Kenton band) and Susannah McCorkle.
Though the performance was poorly reviewed by most critics, she went on to perform the work with many symphonies across the country.
In 1964, Marian McPartland launched a new venture on WBAI-FM (New York City), conducting a weekly radio program that featured recordings and interviews with guests.
McPartland was offered the opportunity primarily on the recommendation of her friend Alec Wilder, who hosted American Popular Song until his health prevented him from continuing the program.
The program featured McPartland at the keyboard with guest performers, usually pianists, but also singers, guitarists, other musicians, and even the non-musician Studs Terkel.
She celebrated the 25th anniversary of the NPR series with a live taping at the Kennedy Center for which Peter Cincotti was the guest.
Due to Marian's increasing popularity, mostly from the success of Piano Jazz, she began booking increasingly prestigious shows and doing more recording.
In 1979, McPartland received an NEH grant to write a book about women in jazz, focusing specifically on The International Sweethearts of Rhythm.
In the early '80s, many books were published about the rise of women in jazz, including interviews with many of the same people that she interviewed, thereby reducing the novelty of her own research.
Although a master at adapting to her guest's musical styles and having a well-known affinity for beautiful and harmonically-rich ballads, she also recorded many tunes of her own.
She also participated on the DVD commentary for the movie, along with the film's director and They Might Be Giants' John Linnell and John Flansburgh.
She retraced the path of the forced removal of the Cherokee from the southeastern United States to Oklahoma, known as the Trail of Tears, with her twin sister Amy.
The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland.
Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community.
In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo.
In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda.
The centerpiece of the $50 million 2003 expansion is The Eleanor Armstrong Smith Glasshouse, a 17,000 square foot (1,700 m²) conservatory home to plant and animal life from two separate biomes, the spiny desert of Madagascar and the cloud forest of Costa Rica.
There are also of gardens, including the award-winning Hershey Children's Garden (the first children's garden in Ohio), the Elizabeth and Nona Evans Restorative Garden, the David and Paula Swetland Topiary Garden, the Western Reserve Herb Society Garden, the Japanese Garden, the Sears-Swetland Rose Garden, the Ohio Woodland, the C.K.
Civil death () is the loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to a conviction for a felony or due to an act by the government of a country that results in the loss of civil rights.
It is usually inflicted on persons convicted of crimes against the state or adults determined by a court to be legally incompetent because of mental disability.
In the US, the disenfranchisement of felons has been called a form of civil death, as has being subjected to collateral consequences in general.
One-seventh of all surveyed Crown lands were set aside, totalling and respectively for each Province, and provision was made to dedicate some of those reserved lands as glebe land in support of any parsonage or rectory that may be established by the Church of England.
The provincial legislatures could vary or repeal these provisions, but royal assent could not be given prior to such passed bills having been laid before both houses of the British Parliament for at least thirty days.
However, in 1823 the Law Officers of the Crown held that the Church of Scotland was also entitled to a share of the revenues under the 1791 Act.
Although Lt-Governor Maitland attempted to suppress the publication of that decision, the Legislature passed resolutions the following year that recognized that church's status.
Until 1819, the reserve lands were managed by the Province, and in most years they earned revenues that were barely sufficient to cover their expenses.
John Strachan was appointed to the Executive Council of Upper Canada in 1815, he began to push for the Church of England's autonomous control of the clergy reserves on the model of the Clergy Corporation of Lower Canada, created in 1817.
The 1819 charter (drafted by Strachan's former student, Attorney General John Beverly Robinson) provided for the Bishop of Quebec to become the perpetual Principal and Director (as he was for the Lower Canada body), who, with twelve other directors, constituted the Board.
Any two directors, together with the Principal or an acting chairman, constituted a quorum, but, because of the poor network of roads, most clergy members were generally unable to attend Corporation meetings.
Except in the Talbot Settlement (where they were located off the main roads), they were generally arranged in a checkerboard pattern within each township, and were a serious obstacle to economic development as they were effectively wasteland, either being abandoned by lessees after the timber had been fully harvested, or unattractive because of the availability of cheap freehold land.
Even with higher rates being charged from 1819, total annual revenues were still only £1200 in 1824, and only one-third could be collected without pursuing legal action.
However, because of opposition from Strachan, the Company received in the Huron Tract, in substitution for the originally contemplated of clergy reserve lands.
As the provincial policy of free land grants had come to an end, Strachan lobbied for and secured an Act from the British Parliament granting authority to sell up to one-fourth of all reserve lands, up to each year, from which there would be income sufficient to support 200300 Anglican clergymen.
In 1836, before Sir John Colborne was succeeded by Sir Francis Bond Head as lieutenant-governor, he created 57 rectories for the Church of England, with glebe land totalling .
This action created significant political dissent, and was subsequently declared illegal in 1837, but was later held in 1856 to have been lawful.
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada passed a law to sell the reserves in 1840, but it was disallowed and displaced by an Imperial Act passed later in that year.
Although considered to be more favourable to the Church of England, the Act as passed provided that only one-half of future sales would be dedicated on a 2:1 basis to the Churches of England and Scotland, with the remaining half being distributed to all other churches according to their respective strengths.
The administration of the reserve lands was transferred to the Crown Lands Department, where it was handled in a more professional manner.
Unlike the distribution of lots that was pursued by Simcoe in Upper Canada, Alured Clarke, lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada, instituted a policy of setting aside large blocks of land apart from either current or contiguous settlement.
The reserve lands generated little income in Lower Canada, with the average annual profit from such activity amounting to only £3 between 1791 and 1837.
Pressure arose to reform the entire structure of the reserves, but the government of Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine chose not to proceed on such a course, because of the resistance of the established churches and the roadblocks presented by the 1791 Act.
However, such caution eventually came to be seen as inflexibility, which would be overcome by the rise of the Grit movement in 1850.
Even Robert Baldwin, who was the leader of the struggle for Responsible Government did not advocate for complete abolition and chose to resign his seat rather than tackle the question.
The funds were awarded to each province respectively in September 1870, and the award itself was held to be valid by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in March 1878.
In Ontario, the Fund continued to be accounted for separately until the passage of an Act in 1908, where all special funds were declared to form part of the province's Consolidated Revenue Fund.
John Morgan (also known as John Morgan Matchin or John Morgan of Matchin) (7 February 1688 – 28 February 1733 or 1734) was a Welsh clergyman, scholar and poet.
He studied at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1704 to 1708, and is thought to have been influenced by Edward Lhuyd, the antiquary, whilst he was there.
From 1710 to 1713, he was curate of Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire, before becoming curate (1713) and then vicar (1728) of Matching, Essex, a position he held until his death in February 1733 or 1734.
Other works include a collection of proverbs and colloquialisms and, it is thought, some translations of Tertullian and Cyprian published in 1716.
He also discussed matters of literature and antiquary, and these letters were studied later in the eighteenth century by those involved in the cultural revival of Wales at that time.
She later performed in various concerts at the Opéra Bastille in Paris, and in Brussels for Europalia Mexico, in Munich, and in Oslo.
Her ex-husband Pirro Çako is a well-known singer and composer from Albania, but she used the spelling Tchako rather than Çako.
Todd Jay Weinstein (born 1951) is a photographer and artist, born in Detroit, Michigan, and who now lives in New York City.
He has studied Dick James in Detroit Michigan, after moving to New York City in 1970 Todd started working at the Gaslight folk music club which move to upstairs at Max's Kansas City.
After the photographs from that period were developed, he picked up the many threads of his past experiences and began using the photographs toward a project on the re-emergence of Jewish culture in Germany.
The Gallery showed many different artists: Louis Stettner, Sid Kaplan, Maggie Steber, Eugene Richards, Ed Grazda, Barry Kornbluh, Tore Johnson, Tom Brand, Arlene Gottfried, Carlos Rena Perez, to name a few, and also outside curator Greg Master.
B3ta's main feature is a newsletter featuring the latest work of the B3ta community and other interesting, humorous or perverse things found on the Web.
A message board allows members to post digital images and short animations they have created, the ones considered the best appearing on the front page, along with various announcements.
These include the Macromedia Flash cartoons created by Joel Veitch and Jonti Picking, the surrealist animations by Cyriak Harris, and the quizzes by Rob Manuel.
on that answer; however, as many answers are submitted each week, most are never clicked on and so are sorted by the time they were posted.
It was originally used as material for the radio show and the newsletter, but realising the popularity of the content, the site owners decided to continue the questions after the close of the show.
A new topic is begun every Thursday (at which point it becomes impossible to reply to the previous QOTW) and, as with the other areas of the site, Question of the Week attracts regulars known for their characteristic posts.
QOTW Off Topic was invented for those users of QOTW who found they had things in common and liked to talk to each other using the reply system.
Over several weeks it became clear that more and more people were preferring to chat to each other through the replies instead of the /talk board which was already set up, so Off Topic was created.
The links board is another section of the site that was created in response to an equivalent page on the 4rthur website.
This board is a place for b3ta members to share interesting links they have found, in preference to the original practise of posting them on the main board.
The talk board is identical to the main message board except for the fact that it is not possible to post images.
It was created in response to the arrival of 4rthur, a (now defunct) talk based offshoot of b3ta which drew a couple of hundred members away, and, more recently, cliqr, Dynafoo (both also defunct now) and c4mbodia.
Oxford in particular has become known amongst members as a bash hotspot, and has developed from a few B3tards getting together for a drink to a genuine spectacle.
From August 2003 until July 2004, B3ta had its own radio show, which was broadcast from Resonance FM (104.4 FM in London, also available via streaming broadcast from the Resonance FM website) between 4pm and 5pm.
The site encouraged submission of jokes intended to be bad taste or taboo, and entries were organised under a categorisation system of topics which included racism, jokes about celebrities, current affairs and sexual humour.
Similarly to the main B3ta site, Sickipedia site functionality offered an electronic voting system to subject user submissions to a form of peer review.
Virgin later cancelled the challenge early because they did not like some of the images being created, including Richard Branson urinating on Rob Manuel, dressed in baby clothes.
The BBC then posted this logo on its website and ran it on its BBC News 24 channel as part of a viewer-submitted contest.
A Sickipedia joke about stricken Bolton Wanderers midfielder Fabrice Muamba on the evening of his cardiac arrest on the pitch at White Hart Lane caused outrage on Twitter.
In October 2012, a 19-year-old from Chorley, Lancashire, was jailed for copying and pasting Sickipedia jokes about abducted children April Jones and Madeleine McCann onto Facebook.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company founded in 1807 that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
The company produces books, journals, and encyclopedias, in print and electronically, as well as online products and services, training materials, and educational materials for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students.
The company was the publisher of 19th century American literary figures like James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as of legal, religious, and other non-fiction titles.
Charles Wiley's son John (born in Flatbush, New York, 4 October 1808; died in East Orange, New Jersey, 21 February 1891) took over the business when his father died in 1826.
The company acquired its present name in 1876, when John's second son William H. Wiley joined his brother Charles in the business.
Wiley has also created an online community called Wiley Living History, offering excerpts from Knowledge for Generations and a forum for visitors and Wiley employees to post their comments and anecdotes.
Wiley established publishing operations in India in 2006 (though it has had a sales presence since 1966), and has established a presence in North Africa through sales contracts with academic institutions in Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt.
On April 16, 2012, the company announced the establishment of Wiley Brasil Editora LTDA in São Paulo, Brazil, effective May 1, 2012.
Wiley's scientific, technical, and medical business was expanded by the acquisition of Blackwell Publishing in February 2007 for , its largest purchase to that time.
The combined business, named Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly (also known as Wiley-Blackwell), publishes, in print and online, 1,400 scholarly peer-reviewed journals and an extensive collection of books, reference works, databases, and laboratory manuals in the life and physical sciences, medicine and allied health, engineering, the humanities, and the social sciences.
Through a backfile initiative completed in 2007, 8.2 million pages of journal content have been made available online, a collection dating back to 1799.
Launched as a pilot in 1997 with fifty journals and expanded through 1998, Wiley InterScience provided online access to Wiley journals, reference works, and books, including backfile content.
Journals previously from Blackwell Publishing were available online from Blackwell Synergy until they were integrated into Wiley InterScience on June 30, 2008.
On February 17, 2012, Wiley announced the acquisition of Inscape Holdings Inc., which provides DISC assessments and training for interpersonal business skills.
On March 7, 2012, Wiley announced its intention to divest assets in the areas of travel (including the Frommer's brand), culinary, general interest, nautical, pets, and crafts, as well as the Webster's New World and CliffsNotes brands.
On August 13, 2012, Wiley announced it entered into a definitive agreement to sell all of its travel assets, including all of its interests in the Frommer's brand, to Google Inc. On November 6, 2012, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt acquired Wiley's cookbooks, dictionaries and study guides.
In 2013, Wiley sold its pets, crafts and general interest lines to Turner Publishing Company and its nautical line to Fernhurst Books.
Wiley has publishing alliances with partners including Microsoft, CFA Institute, the Culinary Institute of America, the American Institute of Architects, the National Geographic Society, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Wiley-Blackwell also publishes journals on behalf of more than 700 professional and scholarly society partners including the New York Academy of Sciences, American Cancer Society, The Physiological Society, British Ecological Society, American Association of Anatomists, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and The London School of Economics and Political Science, making it the world's largest society publisher.
Wiley has also partnered with five other higher-education publishers to create CourseSmart, a company developed to sell college textbooks in eTextbook format on a common platform.
In 2013, Wiley partnered with American Graphics Institute to create an online education video and e-book subscription service called The Digital Classroom.
In 2016, Wiley launched a worldwide partnership with Christian H. Cooper to create a program for candidates taking the Financial Risk Manager exam offered by Global Association of Risk Professionals.
The partnership is built on the view the FRM designation will rapidly grow to be one of the premier financial designations for practitioners that will track the growth of the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
The program will serve tens of thousands of FRM candidates worldwide and is based on the adaptive learning technology of Wiley's efficient learning platform and Christian's unique writing style and legacy book series.
With the integration of digital technology and the traditional print medium, Wiley has stated that in the near future its customers will be able to search across all its content regardless of original medium and assemble a custom product in the format of choice.
In 2016, Wiley started a collaboration with the open access publisher Hindawi to help convert nine Wiley journals to full open access.
In 2018 a further announcement was made indicating that the Wiley-Hindawi collaboration would launch an additional four new fully open access journals.
On January 18, 2019, Wiley signed a contract with Project DEAL to begin open access to its academic journals for more than 700 academic institutions.
It is intended to provide a single source from which instructors can manage their courses, create presentations, and assign and grade homework and tests; students can receive hints and explanations as they work on homework, and link back to relevant sections of the text.
The company has begun to make content from its STMS business available to instructors through the system, with content from its Professional/Trade business to follow.
In January 2008, Wiley launched a new version of its evidence-based medicine (EBM) product, InfoPOEMs with InfoRetriever, under the name Essential Evidence Plus, providing primary-care clinicians with point-of-care access to the most extensive source of EBM information via their PDAs/handheld devices and desktop computers.
Essential Evidence Plus includes the InfoPOEMs daily EBM content alerting service and two new content resources—EBM Guidelines, a collection of practice guidelines, evidence summaries, and images, and e-Essential Evidence, a reference for general practitioners, nurses, and physician assistants providing first-contact care.
Wiley Online Library is a subscription-based library of John Wiley & Sons that launched on August 7, 2010, replacing Wiley InterScience.
It is a collection of online resources covering life, health, and physical sciences as well as social science and the humanities.
To its members, Wiley Online Library delivers access to over 4 million articles from 1,600 journals, more than 22,000 books, and hundreds of reference works, laboratory protocols, and databases from John Wiley & Sons and its imprints, including Wiley-Blackwell, Wiley-VCH, and Jossey-Bass.
While the company is led by an independent management team and Board of Directors, the involvement of the Wiley family is ongoing, with sixth-generation members (and siblings) Peter Booth Wiley as the non-executive Chairman of the Board and Bradford Wiley II as a Director and past Chairman of the Board.
Wiley has been publicly owned since 1962, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1995; its stock is traded under the symbols (for its Class A stock) and (for its class B stock).
In August 2009, the company announced a proposed reduction of Wiley-Blackwell staff in content management operations in the UK and Australia by approximately 60, in conjunction with an increase of staff in Asia.
In March 2010, it announced a similar reorganization of its Wiley-Blackwell central marketing operations that would lay off approximately 40 employees.
In June 2012, it announced the proposed closing of its Edinburgh facility in June 2013 with the intention of relocating journal content management activities currently performed there to Oxford and Asia.
Wiley reported a mean 2017 gender pay gap of 21.1 % for its UK workforce, while the median was 21.5 %.
A 2013 lawsuit brought by a stock photo agency for alleged violation of a 1997 license was dismissed for procedural reasons.
A 2014 ruling by the District Court for the Southern District of New York, later affirmed by the Second Circuit, says that Wiley infringed on the copyright of photographer Tom Bean by using his photos beyond the scope of the license it had purchased.
A 2015 9th Circuit Court of Appeals opinion established that another photo agency had standing to sue Wiley for its usage of photos beyond the scope of the license acquired.
In 2018, a Southern District of New York court upheld the award of over $39 million to Wiley and other textbook publishers in a vast litigation against Book Dog Books, a re-seller of used books which was found to hold and distribute counterfeit copies.
The Court found that circumstantial evidence was sufficient to establish distribution of 116 titles for which counterfeit copies had been presented and of other 5 titles.
It also found that unchallenged testimony on how the publishers' usually acquired licenses from authors was sufficient to establish the publishers' copyright on the books in question.
In 2008, John Wiley & Sons filed suit against Thailand native Supap Kirtsaeng over the sale of textbooks made outside of the United States and then imported into the country.
In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court held 6–3 that the first-sale doctrine applied to copies of copyrighted works made and sold abroad at lower prices, reversing the Second Circuit decision which had favored Wiley.
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk.
Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is contested in Olympic weightlifting events.
To complete the clean, the lifter stands, often propelling the bar upward from the shoulders slightly as the erect position is attained and shifting the grip slightly wider and the feet slightly closer together in preparation for the jerk.
The lifter dips a few inches by bending the knees, keeping the back vertical, and then explosively extends the knees, propelling the barbell upward off the shoulders, and then quickly dropping underneath the bar by pushing upward with the arms and splitting the legs into a lunge position, one forward and one back.
The bar is received overhead on straight arms, and, once stable, the lifter recovers from the split position, bringing the feet back into the same plane as the rest of the body.
In the power jerk, the lifter performs the same dip and jump movement but unlike the split jerk the lifter catches the barbell in a partial squat position.
The squat jerk however, it is much like the power jerk in how the lifter catches the barbell in a squat position but unlike the power jerk, the lifter catches the barbell in a full squat position with the barbell locked out above their head.
The power clean, a weight training exercise not used in competition, refers to any variant of the clean in which the lifter does not catch the bar in a full squat position (commonly accepted as thighs parallel to the floor or below).
Both power and hang cleans are considered to be ideal for sports conditioning; as they are both total body exercises that have been known to increase neuromuscular co-ordination and core stability.
The continental clean involves lifting the bar from the floor to the final clean position by any method of the lifter's choosing so long as the bar is not upended and does not touch the ground.
A desmodromic valve is a reciprocating engine poppet valve that is positively closed by a cam and leverage system, rather than by a more conventional spring.
The valves in a typical four-stroke engine allow the air/fuel mixture into the cylinder at the beginning of the cycle and exhaust gases to be expelled at the end of the cycle.
An engine using desmodromic valves has two cams and two actuators, each for positive opening and closing without a return spring.
The common valve spring system is satisfactory for traditional mass-produced engines that do not rev highly and are of a design that requires low maintenance.
At the period of initial desmodromic development, valve springs were a major limitation on engine performance because they would break from metal fatigue.
Vacuum melt processes developed in the 1950s helped remove impurities in the steel used to make valve springs, although after sustained operation above 8000 RPM often springs would still fail.
Furthermore, as maximum RPM increases, higher spring force is required to prevent valve float, leading to increased cam drag and higher wear on the parts at all speeds, problems addressed by the desmodromic mechanism.
Fully controlled valve movement was conceived during the earliest days of engine development, but devising a system that worked reliably and was not overly complex took a long time.
Azzariti, a short lived Italian manufacturer from 1933 to 1934, produced 173 cc and 348 cc twin-cylinder engines, some of which had desmodromic valve gear, with the valve being closed by a separate camshaft.
The Mercedes-Benz W196 Formula One racing car of 1954-1955, and the Mercedes-Benz 300SLR sports racing car of 1955 both had desmodromic valve actuation.
In 1956, Fabio Taglioni, a Ducati engineer, developed a desmodromic valve system for the Ducati 125 Grand Prix, creating the Ducati 125 Desmo.
The specific purpose of the desmodromic system is to force the valves to comply with the timing diagram as consistently as possible.
In traditional sprung-valve actuation, as engine speed increases, the inertia of the valve will eventually overcome the spring's ability to close it completely before the piston reaches TDC (top dead centre).
This allows combustion gases to escape prematurely, leading to a reduction in cylinder pressure which causes a major decrease in engine performance.
It must still overcome the inertia of the valve opening and closing, and that depends on the effective mass of the moving parts.
The effective mass of a traditional valve with spring includes one-half of the valve spring mass and all of the valve spring retainer mass.
However, a desmodromic system must deal with the inertia of the two rocker arms per valve, so this advantage depends greatly on the skill of the designer.
Thus, desmo systems have generally needed to deal with sliding friction between the cam and rocker arm and therefore may have greater wear.
Another possible disadvantage is that it would be very difficult to incorporate hydraulic valve lash adjusters in a desmodromic system, so the valves must be periodically adjusted, but this is true of typical performance oriented motorcycles as valve lash is typically set using a shim under a cam follower.
Before the days when valve drive dynamics could be analyzed by computer, desmodromic drive seemed to offer solutions for problems that were worsening with increasing engine speed.
Since those days, lift, velocity, acceleration, and jerk curves for cams have been modelled by computer to reveal that cam dynamics are not what they seemed.
With proper analysis, problems relating to valve adjustment, hydraulic tappets, push rods, rocker arms, and above all, valve float, became things of the past without desmodromic drive.
Today most automotive engines use overhead cams, driving a flat tappet to achieve the shortest, lightest weight, and most inelastic path from cam to valve, thereby avoiding elastic elements such as pushrod and rocker arm.
Before numerical computing methods were readily available, acceleration was only attainable by differentiating cam lift profiles twice, once for velocity and again for acceleration.
Computers permitted integration from the jerk curve, the third derivative of lift, that is conveniently a series of contiguous straight lines whose vertices can be adjusted to give any desired lift profile.
Integration of the jerk curve produces a smooth acceleration curve while the third integral gives an essentially ideal lift curve (cam profile).
However, some high speed (in terms of engine RPM) motors now employ asymmetrical cam profiles in order to quickly open valves and set them back in their seats more gently to reduce wear.
As well, production vehicles have employed asymmetrical cam lobe profiles since the late 1940s, as seen in the 1948 Ford V8.
More modern applications of asymmetrical camshafts include Cosworth's 2.3 liter crate motors, which use aggressive profiles to reach upwards of 280 brake horsepower.
An asymmetric cam either opens or closes the valves more slowly than it could, with the speed being limited by Hertzian contact stress between curved cam and flat tappet, thereby ensuring a more controlled acceleration of the combined mass of the reciprocating componentry (specifically the valve, tappet and spring).
Maximum valve acceleration is limited by the cam-to-tappet galling stress, and therefore is governed by both the moving mass and the cam contact area.
Maximum rigidity and minimum contact stress are best achieved with conventional flat tappets and springs whose lift and closure stress is unaffected by spring force; both occur at the base circle, where spring load is minimum and contact radius is largest.
of desmodromic cams cause higher contact stress than flat tappets for the same lift profile, thereby limiting rate of lift and closure.
With conventional cams, stress is highest at full lift, when turning at zero speed (initiation of engine cranking), and diminishes with increasing speed as inertial force of the valve counters spring pressure, while a desmodromic cam has essentially no load at zero speed (in the absence of springs), its load being entirely inertial, and therefore increasing with speed.
Valve float was analyzed and found to be caused largely by resonance in valve springs that generated oscillating compression waves among coils, much like a Slinky.
For this reason, today as many as three concentric valve springs are sometimes nested inside one other; not for more force (the inner ones having no significant spring constant), but to act as snubbers to reduce oscillations in the outer spring.
The number of active coils in these springs varies during the stroke, the more closely wound coils being on the static end, becoming inactive as the spring compresses or as in the beehive spring, where the small diameter coils at the top are stiffer.
While it can be more expensive to maintain than traditional spring-actuated valve systems, many aftermarket precision machined components can extend the maintenance interval to that of spring actuated systems (in comparable motorcycles).
While newer, high-performance pneumatic systems may follow more specific design and engineering specifications (computer-aided) they are typically limited to racing applications (Formula 1, Moto GP, etc.).
Currently, there is no method of determining longevity or extended maintenance intervals of such systems in practical, everyday, systems such as the automobile.
While the design can be noisy, it is typically masked by wind noise and other engine components such as intake and exhaust noise.
Ducati motorcycles with desmodromic valves have won numerous races and championships, including Superbike World Championships from 1990 to 1992, 1994–96, 1998–99, 2001, 2003–04, 2006, 2008 and 2011.
Ducati's return to Grand Prix motorcycle racing was powered by a desmodromic V4 990 cc engine in the GP3 (Desmosedici) bike, which went on to claim several victories, including a one-two finish at the final 990 cc MotoGP race at Valencia, Spain in 2006.
With the onset of the 800 cc era in 2007, they are generally still considered to be the most powerful engines in the sport, and have powered Casey Stoner to the 2007 MotoGP Championship and Ducati to the constructors championship with the GP7 (Desmosedici) bike.
On December 11, 2009, the Grand Prix Commission announced that the MotoGP class would switch to the 1,000 cc motor limit starting in the 2012 season.
Maximum displacement was limited to 1,000 cc, maximum cylinders were limited to four, and maximum bore was capped at 81 mm (3.2 inches).
Ben Pollack (June 22, 1903 – June 7, 1971) was an American drummer and bandleader from the mid-1920s through the swing era.
His eye for talent led him to employ musicians such as Benny Goodman, Jack Teagarden, Glenn Miller, Jimmy McPartland, and Harry James.
In 1924 he played for several bands, including some on the west coast, which ultimately led to his forming a band, the 12-piece Venice Ballroom Orchestra, there in 1925.
In 1926, he had a band named the Ten Californians, which had some performances broadcast on WLW radio in Cincinnati, Ohio.
One of the earliest members of his band was Gil Rodin, a saxophonist whose business acumen served him well later as an executive for the Music Corporation of America.
Combining Pollack's regular recordings with these side groups made Pollack's one of the more prolific bands of the 1920s and 1930s.
Pollack's band played in Chicago and moved to New York City around the fall of 1928, having obtained McPartland and Teagarden around that time.
Pollack's bands from the 1920s–1940s included Benny Goodman, Bud Freeman, Dick Cathcart, Eddie Miller, Frank Teschemacher, Freddie Slack, Glenn Miller, Harry James, Irving Fazola, Jack Teagarden, Jimmy McPartland, Joe Marsala, Matty Matlock, Muggsy Spanier, and Yank Lawson.
In later years, after suffering a series of financial losses, Pollack grew despondent and committed suicide by hanging in his home in Palm Springs in 1971.
Pollack left Victor in late 1929 and recorded for Hit of the Week (1930), the dime store labels (Banner, Cameo, Domino, Lincoln, Perfect, Romeo) (1930–1931), Victor (1933), Columbia (1933–1934), Brunswick, Vocalion and Variety (1936–37), and Decca (1937–1938).
Like most canids, the swift fox is an omnivore, and its diet includes grasses and fruits as well as small mammals, carrion, and insects.
In the wild, its lifespan is three to six years, and it breeds once annually, from late December to March, depending on the geographic region.
The two have historically been regarded as different species for reasons basically related to size: the kit fox is slightly smaller than the swift fox, and the former has a narrower snout.
The molecular genetics evidence is not conclusive, however, and some of those who have used it continue to treat the swift fox and kit fox as separate species.
The swift fox has a dark, grayish, tan coloration that extends to a yellowish tan color across its sides and legs.
It is about 12 inches (30 cm) in height, and 31 inches (79 cm) long, measuring from the head to the tip of the tail, or about the size of a domestic cat.
It is native to the Great Plains region of North America, and its range extends north to the central part of Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and south to Texas.
The swift fox was once a severely endangered species, due to predator control programs in the 1930s that were aimed mostly at the gray wolf and the coyote.
The species was extirpated from Canada by 1938, but a reintroduction program started in 1983 has been successful in establishing small populations in southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan, despite the fact that many reintroduced individuals do not survive their first year.
Nonetheless, by 1996, 540 foxes had been released around the Alberta-Saskatchewan border and Milk River Ridge areas, parts of the species' original native range.
Four years later, those introduced foxes had tripled in number, making the program one of the most successful endangered species reintroduction programs in the world.
A small, but stable and growing population continues to live freely in the southeastern regions of Alberta, and southwestern regions of Saskatchewan.
Exact population numbers of the swift fox are unknown, but it is known that they currently inhabit only 40% of their historic range.
In addition to its populations in Canada, there are also swift fox populations in the United States, ranging from South Dakota to Texas.
This prompted state wildlife agencies within the fox's range to create the Swift Fox Conservation Team, which worked to implement better swift fox management and monitoring programs.
Populations in the United States are stable in the central part of its range, and it is not considered endangered in the United States.
Daytime activities are usually confined to the den, but it has been known to spend the warm midday period above ground during the winter.
In the southern United States, it mates between December and February with pups born in March and early April, while in Canada, the breeding season begins in March, and pups are born in mid-May.
The male swift fox matures and may mate at one year, while the female usually waits until her second year before breeding.
The swift fox only has one litter annually, but may occupy up to thirteen dens in one year, moving because prey is scarce or because skin parasites build up inside the den.
Sometimes it makes other burrows from other bigger animals, even though it is completely capable of digging one on its own.
A newborn pup's eyes and ears remain closed for ten to fifteen days, leaving it dependent on the mother for food and protection during this time.
Recent research has shown that social organization in the swift fox is unusual among canids, since it is based on the females.
During the summer, adults eat large amounts of insects, including beetles and grasshoppers, and feed their young with larger prey items.
In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq.
In 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California, but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.
Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary, and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign, setting the record for shortest vice presidential candidacy in modern U.S. history.
Cara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6, 1954, in Austin, Texas, the daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens) and Joseph Tyree Sneed III.
He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law, Deputy U.S. Attorney General, and judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood, Tennessee, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
She later attended five different high schools, including one in Ghana, graduating from Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina.
She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, Marcus & Millichap, moving up to a broker position.
When she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to Bologna, Italy, where he was doing graduate work; there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen.
In 1980, Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration, in marketing, from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In 1989 she obtained a Master of Science, in management, at the MIT Sloan School of Management, under the Sloan Fellows program.
In 1990, she became the company's first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division, eventually heading its North American operations.
In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a spin-off from AT&T of its Western Electric and Bell Labs divisions into a new company.
She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of a successful stock and company launch strategy.
In 1997, she was named group president for Lucent's 19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.
That year, Fiorina chaired a 2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and Royal Philips Electronics, under the name Philips Consumer Communications (PCC).
Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$19 billion to US$38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product.
In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore.
Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: 65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind, a 3 million signing bonus, a 1 million annual salary (plus a 1.25–3.75 million annual bonus), 36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs.
Although the decision to spin off the company's analytical instruments division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone Agilent Technologies.
Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost 14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street.
In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble, Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with 25 billion in stock, which, at the time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell.
Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors, and she had to fight with the board for the merger.
Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members, including Richard Hackborn, Philip M. Condit, George A. Keyworth, II, and Robert Knowling.
Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president, Webb McKinney, who led HP's post-merger integration team, analyzed the merger and concluded that it was ultimately successful.
In 2008, former acting CEO of Compaq Ben Rosen stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company, her successors made it work.
In 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in Iran.
Under Fiorina's leadership at HP, the company sold millions of dollars worth of printers and computer products to Iran through the foreign subsidiary, while U.S. export sanctions were in effect.
According to former officials who worked on sanctions, HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary.
In a September 2015 interview with Michael Isikoff, Fiorina said that, in the weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, she received a phone call from Michael Hayden, then the director of the National Security Agency, asking her assistance in providing HP computer servers to the NSA for expanded surveillance.
Hayden confirmed that he had made the request for HP servers as part of Stellar Wind, a 2001–2007 NSA warrantless surveillance program, but the details were not revealed to Fiorina at the time.
Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making was inhibiting the company's growth.
Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing profit sharing with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions.
In January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with Apple founder Steve Jobs for the iPod+HP—a co-branded iPod sold through HP's retail channels.
As part of the agreement, HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre-install iTunes on every computer sold.
HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion, leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months.
By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his [iTunes] software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor.
In June 2001, Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs, resulting in more than 80,000 people signing up and saving HP 130 million.
Despite these efforts from employees, in July Fiorina announced that 6,000 jobs would be cut, the biggest reduction in the company's 64-year history, but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced.
In September 2001, Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15,000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq.
Altogether, under Fiorina's leadership, HP had a net gain of employees, including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States.
HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO.
However, the company underperformed by a number of other metrics: there were no gains in HP's net income despite a 70% gain in net income of the S&P 500 over this period; the company's debt rose from 4.25 billion to 6.75 billion; and its stock price fell by 50%, exceeding declines in the S&P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the NASDAQ.
The Compaq acquisition was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned: in the merger proxy, they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3.0% in 2003, while the actual figure was 0.1% in that year and 0.9% in 2004.
In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call.
In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports.
Less than a month later, the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company.
The company's stock jumped 6.9 percent on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day.
On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive Mark Hurd, confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy Electronic Data Systems, the largest since the Compaq purchase.
Finance, Fiorina received a severance package valued at 21 million, which consisted of 2.5 times her annual salary plus bonus and the balance from accelerated vesting of stock options.
Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time.
During Fiorina's tenure as CEO, HP leased or purchased five planes, including two Gulfstream IVs, to replace four aging aircraft, only one of which had the range to fly overseas.
Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of Yale School of Management said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina's leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure.
In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of Good360, a 501(c)(3) nonpartisan nonprofit organization in Alexandria, Virginia, which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities.
Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Department of State (DoS).
OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives, with contributions managed through a separate section 501(c)(3) designated organization.
In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over 500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.
On February 14, 2013, Opportunity International announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty.
On May 4, 2015, Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy.
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation, a charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children, and the African Leadership Academy, an educational institution in South Africa.
Responding to Barack Obama's victory over Hillary Clinton in the Democratic Primary, Fiorina sought to attract more women to the Republican camp by praising Clinton's effort.
Fiorina spent two years leading the Central Intelligence Agency's External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009, and became chair of that board, when the board was first created in 2007 by then-CIA director Michael Hayden during the George W. Bush administration.
On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.
Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements, including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note.
After the ad went viral, the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.
On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore.
As a private citizen, she stated that she voted for Proposition 8, which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman.
Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008.
In financial disclosures, Fiorina identified her net worth at between 30 million and 120 million, and by October 22, Fiorina had contributed a total of 6.5 million to her own race.
Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither Meg Whitman nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend.
On October 1, 2013, Al Cardenas, chair of the American Conservative Union (ACU), appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), the ACU's educational arm.
The ACU is a conservative 501(c)(4) organization, while the ACUF is its affiliated 501(c)(3) foundation, which organizes the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).
It was speculated that Fiorina would announce her candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in that speech, but Fiorina did not, instead making her official announcement months later, on May 4, 2015, in a television and promotional video, therein repeating her talking points from CPAC and including an attack on Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.
Fiorina ruled out running for the U.S. Senate in 2016, but refused to rule out running for president in 2016 or Governor of California in 2018.
Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.
Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News prime-time debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day.
In an online poll by NBC and SurveyMonkey on August 10, Fiorina came in fourth of the seventeen Republican contenders with 8% of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus, a gain in support of six points from previous polling data.
As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of 59 million, with 12 million in income in 2013.
Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner Donald Trump in the September 16, 2015 debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate, but her polling numbers dropped to 4% by October, and to 3% in December.
On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended.
On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate, but after losing the Indiana primary six days later, he suspended his campaign, making her vice-presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history.
She expressed support for legislation to ban abortions 20 weeks after fertilization, with an exception for cases of rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother.
Fiorina opposes legalization of marijuana, but says that she believes in states' rights, and that as president she will not enforce the federal ban on marijuana in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.
In California, Fiorina supported the DREAM Act, which would allow children brought to the U.S. by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.
Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid maternity leave to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so.
Fiorina opposes the normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations, telling Hugh Hewitt that if elected she would close the U.S. embassy in Havana.
Fiorina was critical of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health care reform legislation during the debate in 2009 that led to the act's passage.
Fiorina opposed the federal stimulus package of 2009 intended to create short-term job growth and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy, calling it a waste of taxpayer money.
She also advocates zero-based budgeting for the federal budget, which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero.
In 1981, she was introduced to AT&T executive Frank Fiorina, who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company.
Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT&T in 1998 at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career.
She underwent a double mastectomy at Stanford Hospital in March 2009, followed by chemotherapy, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiation therapy.
According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million.
Fiorina has released the income tax returns that she and her husband jointly filed in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Mason Neck, Virginia, overlooking the Potomac River.
At the time of the 2010 Senate election, Fiorina and her husband lived in Los Altos Hills, California, a San Francisco Bay area suburb.
Between 2005 and 2012, Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, where they lived for roughly half the year; they sold the condo for $5.3 million.
radix point is set to the left of the significand (fraction in IBM documentation and the figures) in increments of 4 bits.
Since the base is 16, the exponent in this form is about twice as large as the equivalent in IEEE 754, in order to have similar exponent range in binary, 9 exponent bits would be required.
This value is normalized by moving the radix point left four bits (one hexadecimal digit) at a time until the leftmost digit is zero, yielding 0.01110110101.
Zero (0.0) is represented in normalized form as all zero bits, which is arithmetically the value +0.0 × 16 = +0 × 16 ≈ +0.000000 × 10 = 0.
Given a fraction of all-bits zero, any combination of positive or negative sign bit and a non-zero biased exponent will yield a value arithmetically equal to zero.
A conversion of double precision hexadecimal float to decimal string would require at least 18 significant digits in order to convert back to the same hexadecimal float value.
Called extended-precision by IBM, a quadruple-precision floating-point format was added to the System/370 series and was available on some S/360 models (S/360-85, -195, and others by special request or simulated by OS software).
A conversion of extended precision hexadecimal float to decimal string would require at least 35 significant digits in order to convert back to the same hexadecimal float value.
Starting with the S/390 G5 in 1998, IBM mainframes have also included IEEE binary floating-point units which conform to the IEEE 754 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic.
IEEE decimal floating-point was added to IBM System z9 GA2 in 2007 using millicode and in 2008 to the IBM System z10 in hardware.
Modern IBM mainframes support three floating-point radices with 3 hexadecimal (HFP) formats, 3 binary (BFP) formats, and 3 decimal (DFP) formats.
There are two floating-point units per core; one supporting HFP and BFP, and one supporting DFP; there is one register file, FPRs, which holds all 3 formats.
Starting with the z13 in 2015, processors have added a vector facility that includes 32 vector registers, each 128 bits wide; a vector register can contain two 64-bit or four 32-bit floating-point numbers.
The traditional 16 floating-point registers are overlaid on the new vector registers so some data can be manipulated with traditional floating-point instructions or with the newer vector instructions.
Thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence that is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as some minerals, when previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material.
In thermoluminescence dating, this can be used to date buried objects that have been heated in the past, since the ionizing dose received from radioactive elements in the soil or from cosmic rays is proportional to age.
This phenomenon has been applied in the thermoluminescent dosimeter, a device to measure the radiation dose received by a chip of suitable material that is carried by a person or placed with an object.
Thermoluminescence is a common geochronology tool for dating pottery or other fired archeological materials, as heat empties or resets the thermoluminescent signature of the material (Figure 1).
Beach nourishment is a problem worldwide and receives large amounts of attention due to the millions of dollars spent yearly in order to keep beaches beautified for tourists, e.g., in Waikiki, Hawaii.
Sands with sizes 90-150 μm (very fine sand) were found to migrate from the swash zone 67% faster than sand grains of 150-212 μm (fine sand; Figure 3).
Furthermore, the technique was shown to provide a passive method of policing sand replenishment and a passive method of observing riverine or other sand inputs along shorelines (Figure 4).
It adds a significant discharge to the Thames—when entering Oxford, the Thames's discharge is , but after leaving and consuming the Cherwell it has increased to .
The village of Charwelton takes its name from the river, but lies on the river's upper course in Northamptonshire, suggesting that the pronunciation was historically used more widely.
Helidon Hill immediately north of the source forms a watershed: on the south side, the Cherwell feeds the River Thames and thence the North Sea at the Thames Estuary; on the north side, the River Leam feeds the Warwickshire River Avon and the River Severn and thence the Bristol Channel.
Two miles further on, the River Cherwell swings westward for a few miles, passing below the village of Chipping Warden through Edgcote, site of a Romano-British villa.
The Oxford Canal enters the river valley here and more or less follows the Cherwell on its route to Oxford until it reaches Thrupp near Kidlington.
The canal was projected to connect the Coventry Canal to the River Thames, and the Act of Parliament authorising it was passed in 1769.
Construction of the Oxford Canal began near Coventry but the canal didn't reach Banbury until 1778, and it was a further 12 years before it was completed, the first boats reaching Oxford in January 1790.
The River Cherwell skirts the east side of Cropredy itself and passes under Cropredy Bridge, site of a major battle of the English Civil War in 1644.
The battle was a protracted encounter with riverside skirmishes concentrated along a three-mile (5 km) stretch of the River Cherwell between Hay's bridge and a ford at Slat Mill near Great Bourton.
Cropredy's church contains relics from the battle, and local tradition holds that local people hid the church's eagle lectern in the River Cherwell in case marauding soldiers damaged or stole it.
South of Cropredy Bridge, the river runs through fields used for the annual Cropredy Festival, a three-day music event run by the band Fairport Convention.
After a few miles the River Cherwell passes under the M40 motorway and enters the industrial hinterland of Banbury, passing the site of another water mill.
A Roman villa at nearby Wykham Park dates from around the year 250 but it was the Saxons who built the first settlement west of the River Cherwell.
The brick-built mill building and the miller's cottage have been modernised and extended to serve Banbury as a theatre and arts centre.
On the west bank is a large housing estate built in the 1970s named Cherwell Heights and a mile south the ancient village of Bodicote on higher ground to the west of the river.
Downstream of Banbury, most of the villages in the Cherwell valley are similarly set back from the river on higher ground to avoid flooding.
After Bodicote, the river passes an industrial estate at Twyford Mill before reaching King's Sutton, a village noted for the splendid lofty spire on its church which overlooks the river.
Two miles further on, the Cherwell reaches the settlement of Nell Bridge and passes under a main road leading to the village of Aynho which is a mile to the east on a low hill overlooking the river.
Shortly after Nell Bridge, the River Cherwell crosses the Oxford Canal at a right-angle, flowing in on the east side and out over a weir on the west side.
This is because the lock lowers the canal by only and the extra width of the lock chamber compensates for the smaller amount of water which would otherwise be passed from the River Cherwell to feed the lower level of the canal.
South of this junction, the original line continues down the Cherwell valley to Oxford; east of it, a more direct route (opened in 1910 by the Great Western Railway) runs via Bicester and High Wycombe to London, originally served by trains to Paddington station but now by trains to Marylebone station.
On the line to Oxford, the River Cherwell supplied water to the railway, feeding long troughs laid on top of the sleepers between the rails so that steam locomotives could scoop up water to replenish their tanks without stopping.
The mill at Lower Heyford was last rebuilt in the early 19th century and worked as a mill as recently as 1946.
Two miles south of Rousham the river is crossed by a medieval packhorse bridge at Northbrook and a further mile south the course of Akeman Street, a Roman road, crosses the river.
The River Cherwell passes under the Woodstock to Bicester road and shortly after the Oxford Canal flows into it from the east.
The canal and river pass a now-demolished cement works which was once supplied by canal narrowboats and which used water extracted from the river.
After sharing their course for about , the Oxford Canal and River Cherwell diverge at Shipton Weir Lock (a similar lozenge-shaped structure to the lock at Aynho Weir).
The bridge carrying the railway over the canal was the site of a major train crash in December 1874 in which more than 30 people died (Shipton-on-Cherwell train crash).
The most substantial remnant is the church which stands in lonely isolation in the watermeadows but there are ruins of a manor house too.
There was a Romano-British settlement not far from the River Cherwell near Kidlington and a substantial Romano-British villa across the river at Islip.
The River Cherwell reaches the northern outskirts of Oxford and runs south on the eastern edge of north Oxford town centre.
Near Summertown it passes the Victoria Arms riverside pub at Marston and then under a modern bridge that is part of Marston Ferry Road.
A little further south, the Cherwell passes Wolfson College (a graduate college of the University of Oxford), the Cherwell Boathouse (where punts can be hired) and the playing fields of the Dragon School.
Parson's Pleasure and Dame's Delight used to provide nude bathing facilities for male and female bathers respectively, but both are now defunct.
One is Mesopotamia, which is a long thin island just south of the Parks with a path that provides a pleasant walk.
Early on May Morning, students sometimes jump off the bridge into the river, but this is a dangerous pastime, especially if the river is low.
Punts are typically hired from a punt station by Magdalen Bridge, or the Cherwell Boathouse (just to the north of the University Parks).
It is possible to punt all the way from the Isis, north past the University Parks, and out beyond the ring road.
The Withywindle river in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth has been identified with the River Cherwell near Tolkien's home in Oxford.
The confluence of the Thames and Cherwell was the site of early settlements and the River Cherwell marked the boundary between the Dobunni tribe to the west and the Catuvellauni tribe to the east (these were pre-Roman Celtic tribes).
A Romano-British settlement grew up north of the confluence, partly because the site was naturally protected from attack on the east by the River Cherwell and on the west by the River Thames.
This settlement dominated the pottery trade in what is now central southern England and pottery was distributed by boats on the Thames and its tributaries.
In the 17th century goods seem to have been carried between Oxford and Banbury in flat-bottomed boats, but the river was not made properly navigable.
The assembly elections used the mixed member proportional representation, a form of additional member system, with 14 directly elected constituencies and 11 London-wide top-up seats.
Unlike their predecessors, Wendy Harris and Marvin White, this pair was able to participate in combat with abilities of their own.
The twins' personalities were heavily based on Donny and Marie Osmond, who were extremely popular at the time and had their own show on ABC as well.
However, by the final seasons, the twins were largely marginalized in favor of well established DC Comics teenage superheroes like Firestorm, and were wholly eliminated in the final season in favor of Cyborg.
Velez, an avowed die-hard fan of the Wonder Twins, intended to begin a revival of the characters, but was taken off the series after the first issue with the Wonder Twins.
Their parents died when they were still babies during a plague, and, because of their origin, no Exorians want to adopt them.
Eventually, as teens, the pair escape the circus and hide on a planet where a space villain called Grax (an enemy of Superman) has established his headquarters.
The twins decide to travel to Earth and warn the Justice League, which is how they come to replace Wendy and Marvin (who were planning on retiring as heroes anyway) as their sidekicks.
The heroes arrange for the kids to live with an old scientist named Professor Carter Nichols and they even take secret identities as Johan and Joanna Fleming.
During their fight with the JLA, Zan becomes an ice golem, a water monster, and a demonic-looking whirlpool, while Jayna becomes a griffin, a werewolf, and a sea serpent.
The Wonder Comics imprint is considered part of the current DCU, so this places the Wonder Twins in current DC continuity.
In September of 2019, the Wonder Twins have a cameo appearance in Action Comics #1015, which also guest stars new Wonder Comics hero Naomi.
Wonder Comics is also having their own first crossover event, taking place in Young Justice issue #12, which will feature Naomi and the Wonder Twins as guest stars in Young Justice.
Zan can transform into water at any state (solid, liquid, gas) and add to his mass by incorporating water in his immediate area.
By transforming into an animal of Kryptonian origin, for instance, Jayna could gain both the creature's natural abilities and the super-powers that all Kryptonians possess under Earth-like conditions; she was even capable of overpowering Superman in the form of a Kryptonian animal.
The Wonder Twins have a pet Space Monkey named Gleek, who has a useful prehensile tail and who could act as a conduit for the twins to activate their powers should they be out of reach.
Antoine Jacques Claude Joseph, comte Boulay de la Meurthe (; 19 February 17614 February 1840), was a French politician and magistrate.
Called to the bar at Nancy in 1783, he presently went to Paris, where he rapidly acquired a reputation as a lawyer and a speaker.
He represented La Meurthe in the Council of Five Hundred, of which he was twice president, but his views developed steadily in the conservative direction.
Fearing a possible renewal of the Terror, he became an active member of the plot for the overthrow of the Directory in November 1799.
He was rewarded by the presidency of the legislative commission formed by Napoleon to draw up the new constitution; and as president of the legislative section of the council of state he examined and revised the draft of the civil code.
In eight years of hard work as director of a special land commission he settled the titles of land acquired by the French nation at the Revolution, and placed on an unassailable basis the rights of the proprietors who had bought this land from the government.
He received the grand cross of the Legion of Honour and the title of count, was a member of Napoleon's privy council, but was never in high favour at court.
He was allowed to return to France in 1819, but took no further active part in politics, although he presented himself unsuccessfully for parliamentary election in 1824 and 1827.
He devoted the last years of his life to writing his memoirs, which, with the exception of a fragment, remained unpublished as of 1911.
His elder son, Comte Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe (1797-1858), was a constant Bonapartist, and after the election of Louis Napoleon to the presidency, was named (January 1849) vice-president of the republic.
Donatello, nickname Don or Donnie, is a fictional superhero and one of the four main characters of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and all related media.
Like all of the brothers, he is named after a Renaissance artist; in this case, he is named after Italian sculptor Donatello.
While the comics portrayal of the team has no official command structure, in the early stories he is depicted as second-in-command.
In the first issue, he is the one that killed the Shredder by knocking him and his grenade off the roof.
During the turtles' exile to Northampton, Donatello becomes obsessed with fixing up and repairing the many broken things within the farmhouse they were living in.
Most notably he spent days and nights fixing the boiler to give his family hot running water and builds a windmill and a water wheel to provide electricity.
Grabbing a stick, an angry Jones continually pokes the turtle until he loses his temper and sends Casey careening into the water.
During a battle with Shredder's Elite Guards in the ruins of the Second Time Around Shop, Donatello falls through the floor and breaks his leg.
Seeing their ally Karai subdued and about to be killed, Donatello grabs one of the Foot's machine guns and repeatedly shoots the Foot Elite.
At the end of the story the turtles, April and Casey move back to New York save for Donatello who chooses to stay in Northampton with Master Splinter to heal from his injury as well as reflect on everything that had happened.
While meditating with Splinter, Donatello receives a vision of the future where he is in the village of Chihaya in Japan.
After encountering the turtle vigilante ally Nobody in civilian guise he returns with him to New York to help his brothers battle Baxter Stockman.
In the current comics, Donatello finds an armored truck in the sewers which apparently had been part of a bank robbery in the sixties.
The creatures turn out to be a group of Utroms which had been stranded in the Jungle during their first stay on Earth and had been living in secret thanks to their Quantum Inversion Redimensioning device which could alter their size.
The process could not be reversed on Donatello, possibly due to his mutation, leaving him the size of an action figure.
While the Utroms work on returning him to normal, Donatello put his new size to use infiltrating a terrorist organizations warehouse.
In the Image Comics incarnation of the TMNT, he became a cyborg after his body was partially destroyed after he was shot and dropped out of a helicopter (he maintained a positive attitude nonetheless, although he was constantly at risk of losing his mind to the cyborg half).
Leonardo blamed the cpu of Don's armor for his death; however, Donatello wasn't dead but was separated from his body, and with the help of his brothers he returned to his body.
In the independent published series of the Image Comics, Issue #24, Don's armor began to malfunction and was so powerful Donatello was on his last legs until he made a deal with Baxter Stockman who Don was reluctant to work with but had no choice.
Donatello is rid of most of his body metal by issue #25 and Baxter informs him his shell had regrown and as a result he was back to being a non-cyborg turtle.
Baxter died once more when Don's metal particles wouldn't help restore his body as a result Baxter requested Donatello give April O'Neil his regards and he died laughing maniacally.
Donatello was then by the end of the issue completely rid of all metal particles and had kept his and Baxter's ordeal a secret.
He was also chosen of the Turtles by a group of Aliens known as the Sons of Silence to share their wisdom.
The news of his supposed death spread all over the web and IGN did an interview with Tom Waltz, the script writer and he called the final scene a beautiful rendered scene, catching the emotion of the family.
In Issue #45, Donatello wasn't dead as his spirit was in an alternate plane and he was barely clinging to life.
Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael carried Donatello's body into the freezer to slow down the bleeding and increase his chance of survival.
Splinter finds Donatello's spirit and guides his son back to earth, however, due to Donatello wearing a helmet to keep his consciousness alive, his mind is in Metalhead, while his own body is being restored to how it was before his near demise.
He's trying his best to put on a brave face (so to speak), but being trapped in a robot body has been an upsetting experience.
The Fugitoid tries to help Donnie adapt to having his mind in a robot body while Harold sees to Metalhead’s repairs (the robot having been trashed by Bebop and Rocksteady).
In issue #50, Metalhead self-destructed and Donatello returned to his organic body which has now been outfitted with an artificial shell.
Donatello is not as rowdy and violent as his brothers, but he can get a little annoyed with them on occasion.
He is more interested in his work than in his ninjutsu but he still attends to ninja practice and works hard there as well as his projects.
In the fourth season, during an outbreak of mutations of people and animals in New York, Don got a nasty gash by a monster while fighting several monsters with his brothers.
This obsession caused him to disregard anything else, such as the gang war between the Foot Clan and the Purple Dragons, as unimportant.
It wasn't until seeing his brothers in danger from the Cyber Shredder did he realize he was ignoring his responsibilities to help them and promised not to let his obsession with saving Master Splinter take control again.
In the first three live action films, Donatello, like Leonardo, is arguably less mature than he was in the original comics and the 1987 animated series, as he is shown joking around more.
However, the second film clearly established Donatello as the most scientifically-minded turtle as well as the most introspective, feeling dejected when he learns that the ooze that created the Turtles only exists because of an accident, although Splinter consoles his dejection by pointing out that the circumstances of their origins cannot define their present worth.
The first film plays up the relationship between him and Casey Jones; in all other versions of the TMNT, Raphael, not Donatello, is closest to Casey, except for the 1987 cartoon, in which Jones does not figure prominently.
This is apparently because the scene in which Donatello and Casey bond over the fixing of an old pickup truck was based on a similar scene involving Casey and Raphael in the Mirage comics.
Corey Feldman famously provides Donatello's voice in the first and third live-action films, Ernie Reyes Jr. does all of the martial arts fight scenes and stunt scenes as Donatello, while Adam Carl filled in for the second movie during Feldman's stint in rehabilitation.
In the third film, Donatello is the only Turtle who is not tempted to stay in the Feudal Japan of the past, saying that he can't live without technology.
The films also portray Donatello as being close with Michelangelo, bantering with him during fight sequences, going off to the side when Leo and Raph are arguing, and in general hanging out in their spare time.
In the 2007 film, Donatello runs an IT tech support line to earn money for the family and keeps an eye on Mikey.
In the first half of the movie Donatello's skills are more focused on keeping the family together and on income than instead of inventing inventions and finding creative ways to solve problems.
It is a combined effort of Leo being gone, Raph unable to control his temper and Donnie's leadership and logically minded skills that add up-to the reason as why he's been put into this position.
With the combined efforts of all of these reasons is why Donnie and Raph argue more in this film than in most other depictions of their relationship.
Raph is angry that Donnie has been named leader instead of himself while Leo is away and Donnie is angry that Raph hasn't been pulling his weight to support them.
This disagreement is further explained in the prequel comics by the fact that Donatello does not trust Nightwatcher, because no one knows what side he is really on and because he uses fear to accomplish his ends.
Donatello states that Raphael uses many of the same tactics, and hints that he may suspect what his brother really does at night.
Such action depicts Donatello as a second in command while Leonardo is in Central America, forced to be the responsible one in Leonardo's absence and teach his brothers what Leo would in his place.
However, Raphael felt he was better suited to be in charge and openly asks Splinter why he was not considered for the role.
His personality in this film is very calm and measured, and was also given a much more nerdy portrayal than in previous adaptations, on account of his large glasses with the middle taped.
He also has a similar personality to his 1987 and 2003 counterparts where he is always talking of calculations and constantly confusing his brothers with them.
Like Michelangelo and Leonardo, Donatello wears a glove on his left hand, has a tech pack on his shell and boots although you can partly see his toes making only him, Raphael and Michelangelo the only turtles to stay true to their other incarnations with the two toes.
In the video games based on the 1987 animated series, Donatello has the longest range, although he cannot inflict as much damage as Leonardo, who has the second-longest range; one notable exception is the first NES game, where Donatello both did the most damage and had the longest range, though his attacks were slow.
While Leonardo is the default turtle outside the gear loadout, he, Michelangelo and Raphael can only be picked through the said loadout selection similar to the premier skin characters.
Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera (also sometimes called pig plague based on the German word ) is a highly contagious disease of swine (Old World and New World pigs).
In the acute form of the disease, in all age groups, there is fever, huddling of sick animals, loss of appetite, dullness, weakness, conjunctivitis, constipation followed by diarrhoea, and an unsteady gait.
It was believed to have been eradicated in the United Kingdom by 1966 (according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), but an outbreak occurred in East Anglia in 2000.
Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still causing abortions and stillbirths.
The incubation period of CSF ranges from 2 to 14 days, but clinical signs may not be apparent until after 2 to 3 weeks.
Instead, countries within the EU have implemented hunting restrictions designed to limit the movement of infected boars, as well as using marker and emergency vaccines to inhibit the spread of infection.
Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations.
Luke Collis Sienkowski (born January 14, 1974), better known as the great Luke Ski or simply as Luke Ski, is a parody, filk, and rap artist who writes, records and performs comedy music.
The story deals with labor troubles in a pajama factory, where workers' demands for a seven-and-a-half cent raise are going unheeded.
The original Broadway production opened on May 13, 1954, at the St. James Theatre, and ran for 1,063 performances, with a brief stop at the Shubert Theatre at the end of the run.
The original production, produced by Frederick Brisson, Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince, won a Tony Award for Best Musical.
Meanwhile, Hines, the popular efficiency expert, is in love with Gladys, the company president's secretary, but is pushing her away with his jealous behavior.
Babe, however, is still determined to fight for their cause, and kicks her foot into the machinery, causes a general breakdown and Sid reluctantly fires her.
After the main meeting, the Grievance Committee meets at Babe's house, to discuss further tactics, such as mismatching sizes of pajamas and sewing the fly-buttons onto the bottoms such that they are likely to come off and leave their wearer pants-less.
Using Gladys' key, Sid accesses the firm's books and discovers that the boss, Hasler, has already tacked on the extra seven and one-half cents to the production cost, but has kept all the extra profits for himself.
In Gladys' office, Hines, still jealous out of his mind, flings knives past Sid and Gladys (deliberately missing, he claims), narrowly missing an increasingly paranoid Mr. Hasler.
At the time of the revival, Adler was quoted as saying that he wrote the song for Jimmy Durante in 1964.
The original Broadway production opened at the St. James Theatre on May 13, 1954, and closed on November 24, 1956, after 1,063 performances.
Starting in late-May 1954, MacLaine filled the role for several months, as Haney was out of commission with an injured ankle.
Director/producer Hal B. Wallis was an audience member at one of MacLaine's performances, and signed her as a contract player for Paramount Pictures.
The film version was released by Warner Bros. in 1957 and featured the original stage cast except for Janis Paige, whose role is played by Doris Day, and Stanley Prager, whose role is played by Jack Straw.
A Broadway revival opened on December 9, 1973, at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, but it closed on February 3, 1974, after just 65 performances.
It was directed by George Abbott, one of the two directors of the original production in 1954, with choreography by Zoya Leporska.
A West End revival arrived at the Victoria Palace in October 1999 having originated at Birmingham Rep and transferred to the Victoria Palace via Toronto.
Directed by Simon Callow, it briefly starred Ulrika Johnson as Babe (Birmingham Rep), but she left the production when it travelled to Toronto where Babe was played by Camilla Scott, then in London, Leslie Ashe.
Sid Sorokin was played by Graham Bickley throughout, earning himself a Dora Award nomination for 'Outstanding Performance by a male in a Principal Role' in Toronto.
The Roundabout Theatre Company revival, produced by special arrangement with Jeffrey Richards, James Fuld, Jr. and Scott Landis, opened on February 23, 2006 and closed on June 17, 2006, after 129 performances (and 41 previews).
Kathleen Marshall was choreographer and director, with a cast starring Harry Connick, Jr., making his Broadway acting debut as Sid, Kelli O'Hara as Babe, Michael McKean as Hines, Roz Ryan as Mabel, and Megan Lawrence as Gladys.
The production's sold out run at Chichester ended on 8 June 2013, and on 1 May 2014 it transferred to the West End's Shaftesbury Theatre.
The oldest comic publishing company on this list is the now-defunct book publishing company, David McKay Publications that was founded in 1882 and published comics from 1935 to 1950.
Pennsylvania cities may theoretically be first-class, second-class, second-class A, or third-class (of which there are 54), according to population and adoption of certain ordinances.
However, all first-class (of which there is 1), second-class (of which there is 1), and second-class A (of which there is 1) cities, as well as 24 third-class cities, have adopted Home Rule Charters, which change a city's relationship with the state so much that they are generally no longer considered to be a city under state law.
In addition to Home Rule Charters, third-class cities were able to adopt Optional Charters from 1957 to 1972, and all cities (since 1972) have been able to adopt Optional Plans.
Optional Charters and Plans function approximately the same way, the major difference being that new applications for the former are no longer accepted and that the latter has been generalized to apply to any municipality in the state.
The third-class cities which adopted Optional Charters before 1972 and have not since adopted Home Rule Charters, of which there are 11, still retain them.
Optional Charters and Plans function mostly to allow the city (or any other municipality, in the case of Optional Plans) to design its own form of local government, but do not significantly change the relationship between the city (or other municipality) and the state, and therefore these cities are still considered cities under state law.
Finally, the City of Parker employs a unique (for Pennsylvania cities) form of local government, that of the weak mayor council form, which is established under a special law uniquely for that city; it is still considered a city under state law.
Because of Home Rule Charters, Optional Charters, Optional Plans, and Parker's unique situation, only 14 of Pennsylvania's cities still use one of the two standard forms of Pennsylvania city government, the council-manager or mayor-council forms.
In geology and physical geography, a plateau (, , or ; ; plural plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain, that is raised significantly above the surrounding area, often with one or more sides with deep hills.
Plateaus can be formed by a number of processes, including upwelling of volcanic magma, extrusion of lava, and erosion by water and glaciers.
Plateaus can be formed by a number of processes, including upwelling of volcanic magma, extrusion of lava, and erosion by water and glaciers.
The underlining mechanism in forming plateaus from upwelling starts when magma rises from the mantle, causing the ground to swell upward.
For plateaus formed by extrusion, the rock is built up from lava spreading outward from cracks and weak areas in the crust.
Plateaus can also be formed by the erosional processes of glaciers on mountain ranges, leaving them sitting between the mountain ranges.
Computer modeling studies suggest that high plateaus may also be partially a result from the feedback between tectonic deformation and dry climatic conditions created at the lee side of growing orogens.
The plateau is sufficiently high to reverse the Hadley cell convection cycles and to drive the monsoons of India towards the south.
The lake lies at an elevation of , one of the highest lakes in the world, and is long, wide, and deep on average.
Some other major plateaus in Asia are: Najd in the Arabian Peninsula elevation 762 to 1,525 m (2,500 to 5,003 ft), Armenian Highlands (≈, elevation ), Iranian plateau (≈, elevation ), Anatolian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau (≈, elevation ), and the Deccan Plateau (≈, elevation ).
Another very large plateau is the icy Antarctic Plateau, which is sometimes referred to as the Polar Plateau, home to the geographic South Pole and the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, which covers most of East Antarctica where there are no known mountains but rather high of superficial ice and which spreads very slowly toward the surrounding coastline through enormous glaciers.
Thus, if that same ice cap were suddenly removed, the large areas of the frozen white continent would be flooded by the surrounding Antarctic Ocean or Southern Ocean.
On the other hand, were the ice cap melts away too gradually, the surface of the land beneath it would gradually rebound away through isostasy from the center of the Earth and that same land would ultimately rise above sea level.
How this came to be is that over 10 million years ago, a river was already there, though not necessarily on exactly the same course.
Then, subterranean geological forces caused the land in that part of North America to gradually rise by about a centimeter per year for millions of years.
An unusual balance occurred: the river that would become the Colorado River was able to erode into the crust of the Earth at a nearly equal rate to the uplift of the plateau.
Now, millions of years later, the North Rim of the Grand Canyon is at an elevation of about above sea level, and the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is about above sea level.
A tepui (), or tepuy (), is a table-top mountain or mesa found in the Guiana Highlands of South America, especially in Venezuela and western Guyana.
Tepuis can be considered minute plateaus and tend to be found as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of endemic plant and animal species.
They are typically composed of sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz arenite sandstone that rise abruptly from the jungle, giving rise to spectacular natural scenery.
The Colombian capital city of Bogota sits on an Andean plateau known as the Altiplano Cundiboyacense roughly the size of Switzerland.
Averaging a height of above sea level, this northern Andean plateau is situated in the country's eastern range and is divided into three main flat regions: the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso.
It lies in west-central South America, where the Andes are at their widest, is the most extensive area of high plateau on Earth outside of Tibet.
It forms the largest continuous area of its altitude in the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1500 m (4,921 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4550 m (14,928 ft).
Another example is the Highveld which is the portion of the South African inland plateau which has an altitude above approximately 1500 m, but below 2100 m, thus excluding the Lesotho mountain regions.
The Western Plateau, part of the Australian Shield, is an ancient craton covering much of the continent's southwest, an area of some 700,000 square kilometres.
The North Island Volcanic Plateau is an area of high land occupying much of the centre of the North Island of New Zealand, with volcanoes, lava plateaus, and crater lakes, the most notable of which is the country's largest lake, Lake Taupo.
From 1996 to 2012, 2014 to 2018, the NCAA Division III men's basketball championship was held at the Salem Civic Center in Salem, Virginia.
Since 2017, the tournament is a 64-team single-elimination tournament, with teams advancing from four regionals to the semifinals and final in Fort Wayne.
For 2013, as part of the celebration of the 75th NCAA Division I tournament, the championship games in both the NCAA Division II and Division III tournaments were played at Philips Arena, now known as State Farm Arena, in Atlanta.
For 2020 only, the national semifinals will be played in Fort Wayne, but the championship game will return to Atlanta, with the NCAA choosing to hold the championship games of both Divisions II and III as part of the festivities surrounding the men's Division I Final Four.
The American Collegiate Athletic Association, formed in 2017 and starting play in 2017–18, will not be eligible for an automatic bid until 2019–20 (its third season of operation).
The Atlantic East Conference, which began play in 2018–19 with seven members that all sponsor men's basketball, will not be eligible for an automatic bid until the 2021 tournament for the same reason.
Boroughs and towns are subject to the Borough Code, and, unlike other forms of incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, are not classified according to population.
An additional twenty boroughs listed here are home rule municipalities, and the state classifies these as boroughs for certain purposes, even though they do not operate under the Borough Code in Pennsylvania Law.
In addition, two boroughs, Quakertown and Weatherly, have adopted Optional Plans, which allow them to change their form of local government but do not significantly change those boroughs' relationships with the state.
In the south it is separated from the Oder Lagoon in the mouth of the Oder River by the islands of Usedom/Uznam and Wolin, connected by three straits or branches of the Oder: Dziwna, Świna and Peene.
North border is a line from Cape Arkona on the German island of Rügen to the Gąski Lighthouse in the east of Kołobrzeg in Poland.
The Bay of Pomerania is crossed by a deepened waterway from the Szczecin seaport, via the river Oder, the Szczecin Lagoon, and Świna allowing large ships to enter the ports of Świnoujście and Szczecin.
It is consistently ranked as one of the best hospitals in the United States and serves as a teaching hospital for the Stanford University School of Medicine.
It is consistently ranked as one of the best hospitals in the United States by US News and World Report and serves as the primary teaching hospital for the Stanford University School of Medicine.
The facility, located at the north end of the university campus, includes the main hospital building, Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Blake Wilbur Building, Boswell Building, Hoover Pavilion, Neurosciences Health Center, and the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences building, as well as miscellaneous professional offices & departments of the School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, plus the recent expansions.
Among its many achievements, the first combined heart-lung transplant in the world was successfully completed at Stanford University Medical Center in 1981.
It provides a clinical environment for the medical school’s researchers as they study ways to translate new knowledge into effective patient care.
It became a trauma center in 1986 and first received American College of Surgeons certification as a Level I trauma center in 1998.
When the Stanford Medical School moved south from San Francisco in 1959, the Stanford Hospital was established and was co-owned with the city of Palo Alto; it was then known as Palo Alto-Stanford Hospital Center.
The Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine opened in 1989; the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford opened in 1991; the Richard M. Lucas Center for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging opened in 1992.
In 2009, the Stanford outpatient clinics, which were running out of expansion room, were relocated to the Stanford Medicine Outpatient Center, a large new site in Redwood City, California formerly occupied by the corporate headquarters of Excite@Home.
In 2018, these outpatient facilities were expanded to receive the main campus’s outgoing Digestive Health Center and endoscopy suite, to make room for the new expansions/renovations at the main Stanford Hospital, in addition to nearly doubling the existing imaging facilities and adding an external parking structure at the Stanford Outpatient Center.
The inpatient facilities remain on the main campus, which as of 2019, has undergone another round of major expansions, renovations, and revitalization, including a brand-new inpatient structure, renovation of the old inpatient building, renovations of the Cancer Center and Blake Wilbur Building, and brand new emergency facilities, all located on a plot adjacent to the existing hospital.
These major renovations are part of Stanford University‘s long-term master planning for renovation and medical advancement, which have included past projects such as the Lucille Salter Packard Children‘s Hospital at Stanford and the Stanford Neurosciences Health Center.
Its aircraft is an EC 145 helicopter that can fly under both visual and instrument flight rules, allowing for response to calls in nearly any weather.
The hospital's medical staff numbers 1,910 with an additional 850 interns and residents, as well as nearly 1,500 registered nurses and approximately 610 licensed beds.
Stanford University Medical Center is world-renowned for its work in cardiovascular medicine and cardiothoracic surgery, organ transplantation, neurology, neurosurgery, and cancer medicine.
In 2007 it was ranked as the #10 best children's hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.
According to the 2010 United States Census, South Carolina is the 24th most populous state with inhabitants, but the 40th largest by land area spanning of land.
All municipalities are responsible for providing local service including law enforcement, fire protection, waste and water management, planning and zoning, recreational facilities, and street lighting.
Under the mayor-council form of government, an elected municipal council is composed of a mayor and four or more council members.
The mayor's responsibilities include: staffing of all municipal employees; directing and supervising the administration of all departments, offices, and agencies; voting in, and presiding over, council meetings; and preparing the annual budget (with council), capital program (with council), and public financial reports.
Under the council form of government, the council can be composed of five, seven or nine members including the mayor, all elected, and each with one vote on council.
The council has the power to levy taxes and raise funds from other sources that match the operating and capital budgets.
Under the council-manager form of government, the council is composed of a mayor and four, six, or eight councilmen each with one vote.
The municipality must employ a manager, establish administrative departments upon recommendation of the manager, adopt an annual budget, provide an independent annual audit of the books and business affairs of the municipality, provide for the general health and welfare of the municipality, and enact ordinances of any nature and kind.
The manager is the head of the administrative branch of the municipal government and is responsible for staffing (including the hiring, firing and compensation of all municipal employees), preparing the annual budget and financial report for council adoption.
The largest municipality by population in South Carolina is the capital city Columbia with 129,272 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Smyrna with 45 residents.
He served as the pastor of Marble Collegiate Church, New York, from 1932 until 1984, leading a Reformed Church in America congregation.
He earned degrees at Ohio Wesleyan University (where he became a brother of the Fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta) and Boston University School of Theology.
Raised as a Methodist and ordained as a Methodist minister in 1922, Peale changed his religious affiliation to the Reformed Church in America in 1932 and began a 52-year tenure as pastor of Marble Collegiate Church in New York City.
In 1951 this clinic of psychotherapy and religion grew into the American Foundation of Religion and Psychiatry, with Peale serving as president and Blanton as executive director.
During the depression Peale teamed with James Cash Penney, founder of J.C. Penney & Co.; Arthur Godfrey, the radio and TV personality; and Thomas J. Watson, President and Founder of IBM, to form the first board of 40Plus, an organization that helps unemployed managers and executives.
The fact that the book has sold 5 million copies is printed on the cover of the current edition in both paperback and hard cover, and directly contradicts exaggerated claims that the book has sold more than 20 million copies in 42 languages.
Other organizations founded by Peale include the Peale Center, the Positive Thinking Foundation and Guideposts Publications, all of which aim to promote Peale's theories about positive thinking.
President Ronald Reagan awarded Peale, for his contributions to the field of theology, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (the highest civilian honor in the United States) on March 26, 1984.
Peale's works came under criticism from several mental health experts, one of whom directly said Peale was a con man and a fraud.
Almost all of the experts and many of the testimonials that Peale quotes as supporting his philosophy are unnamed, unknown and unsourced.
While his techniques are not debated by psychologists, Peale said his theological practice and strategy was directed more at self-analysis, forgiveness, character development, and growth much like the Jesuits of the Catholic Church.
Murphy adds that repeated hypnosis defeats an individual's self-motivation, self-knowledge, unique sense of self, sense of reality, and ability to think critically.
If the unconscious of man ... can be conceptualized as a container for a small number of psychic fragments, then ideas like 'mind-drainage' follow.
Psychologist Albert Ellis, the founder of Rational emotive behavior therapy and influential psychologist of the 20th century, compared the Peale techniques with those of French psychologist, hypnotherapist and pharmacist Émile Coué, and Ellis says that the repeated use of these hypnotic techniques could lead to significant mental health problems.
He compares the black or white view of life that Peale teaches to a psychological disorder (borderline personality disorder), perhaps implying that dangerous mental habits which he sees in the disorder may be brought on by following the teaching.
Meyer adds that the proof that positive thinking cannot work is that according to Peale, even with God's power on one's side, one still cannot face negative reality, which is always stronger.
Faith that you could defeat an opponent who could run faster than you would be contemptible since it could only mean you expected God to lend you power He refused to lend your opponent or that you hoped your opponent lacked self-knowledge, lacked faith, and hence failed to use his real powers.
As for those competitions where luck or accident or providence might decide, certainly the faith which looked to luck or accident or providence would be contemptible, and also possibly fatal (Ibid, p. 284).
People under stress do one of two things; seek shelter or respond to harsh reality by a deeper recognition of what they are up against.
They offer easy comforts, easy solutions to problems and mysteries that sometimes perhaps, have no comforts or solutions at all, in glib, worldly terms.
The origin of the quote can be traced to the 1952 election, when Stevenson was informed by a reporter that Peale had been attacking him as unfit for the presidency because he was divorced.
Though Nixon and the Republicans tried to distance themselves from the furor caused by Peale's anti-Catholic stance, Democrats did not let voters forget.
President Truman, for one, accused Nixon of tacit approval of the anti-Catholic sentiment, and it remained a hot issue on the campaign trail.
At a later date, according to one report, Stevenson and Peale met, and Stevenson apologized to Peale for any personal pain his comments might have caused Peale, though he never publicly recanted the substance of his statements.
Peale was invited to attend a strategy conference of about thirty evangelicals in Montreux, Switzerland, by its host, the well-known evangelist Billy Graham, in mid-August 1960.
There they agreed to kick off a group called The National Conference of Citizens for Religious Freedom in Washington the following month.
On September 7, Peale served as its chairman and spoke for 150 Protestant clergymen, opposing the election of John F. Kennedy as president.
The Peale statement was further condemned by former President Harry Truman, the Board of Rabbis, and other leading Protestants such as Paul Tillich and John C. Bennett.
The fallout continued as Peale was condemned in a statement by one hundred religious leaders and dropped as a syndicated columnist by a dozen newspapers.
Dr. Peale was an optimist who believed that, whatever the antagonisms and complexities of modern life brought us, anyone could prevail by approaching life with a simple sense of faith.
And he served us by instilling that optimism in every Christian and every other person who came in contact with his writings or his hopeful soul.
In a productive and giving life that spanned the 20th century, Dr. Peale lifted the spirits of millions and millions of people who were nourished and sustained by his example, his teaching, and his giving.
While the Clinton family and all Americans mourn his loss, there is some poetry in his passing on a day when the world celebrates the birth of Christ, an idea that was central to Dr. Peale's message and Dr. Peale's work.
The Bay of Greifswald or Greifswald Bodden () is a basin in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Germany in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
To the west is the island of Rügen; to the southeast, the island of Usedom; to the east, the Bay of Pomerania, and to the south, the German mainland.
The headlands of Mönchgut (in east Rügen) and Zudar (in south Rügen) – the former actually being made up of several peninsulae – subdivide the bay into many smaller bays.
The Bay of Greifswald is quite shallow, with an average depth of 5.6 m, and a maximum depth of 13.5 m. Its water is brackish rather than briny owing to inflow from rivers, and the Baltic Sea's complex hydrography (saltier water is generally found only at greater depths there).
Before German reunification in 1990, the Bay of Greifswald was a public watersports venue, unlike most of East Germany's Baltic coast.
The local geography made it easy to keep watch over the bay, thereby thwarting those who thought to use it to flee the country.
It is now a design company and a part of Iittala Group, which is also known for BodaNova, Rörstrand and Iittala design brands.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, 3,564,494 Tennesseans, or just over 56% of the state's total population of 6,346,105, lived in municipalities.
Before 1954, all Tennessee municipalities were established by private act of the state legislature and operated under charters established by private act of the legislature.
In 1953, amendments to the Tennessee Constitution prohibited subsequent incorporations by private act and provided for several new forms of municipal charter.
These terms do not have legal significance in Tennessee and are not related to population, date of establishment, or type of municipal charter.
Under current state law (TCA Title 6), a minimum of 1,500 residents are required to incorporate as a new municipality under the mayor-alderman or city manager-commission charter, and a minimum of 5,000 residents are required to incorporate under a modified city manager-council charter.
In general, unincorporated areas within three miles of an existing municipality (within five miles if the municipality has a population of 100,000 or more) are not permitted to incorporate as new municipalities.
The Bay of Mecklenburg, which includes the Bay of Wismar and the Bay of Lübeck, connects to the Bay of Kiel in the northwest.
The Bay of Lübeck (, ) is a basin in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein.
Located in the North of the Bay, the Hansa-Park amusement park creates a popular sight for families all around the region and Southern Denmark.
The Pötenitzer Wiek lake splits the states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and got historical attention, as it gave East Germany refugees the possibility to flee from East Germany in to West Germany.
It is located southeast of Elbasan, southwest of Ohrid in North Macedonia, north of Korçë and northwest of Florina in Greece.
It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Buçimas, Çërravë, Dardhas, Pogradec, Proptisht, Trebinjë, Udenisht and Velçan, that became municipal units.
It was known as İstarova or İstarye during Ottoman rule and was bounded to as kaza center in Görice Sanjak of Manastır Vilayet before Balkan Wars.
B.P, when a small settlement was formed by the shore of the lake in the eastern part of the modern city.
During the 5th and 4th century B.C the area was the center of the First Illyrian Kingdom led by king Bardylis and his son Cleitus.
Among them was the capital of the Illyrian Kingdom, Pelion which is believed to be situated in the modern-village of Selce e Poshtme in Mokra region and Enchelana, situated on the top of the hill overlooking Pogradec.
During the Roman period the area remained as an important connection point between the Adriatic coast and the inner Balkan lands as Via Egnatia, that connected the Adriatic port of Dyrrachium (modern-day Durrës) with Byzantium, passed next to the shoreline of Lake Ohrid.
This is proved by the existence of the Paleo-Christian Basilica of Lin, a trichonch church whose floors are made of mosaics.
From the 8th until the 14th century, Pogradec area was captured by various medieval states such as the Bulgarian, Byzantine and Serbian Empires as well as by noble Albanian families such as Gropa and Balsa.
In the middle of 15th century the area became part of Skanderbeg state and after his death in 1468, it was invaded by the Ottomans who kept it until Albania's Independence in 1912.
During their occupation Pogradec was the center of the kaza of Starova and was developed as a small town of craftsmen and fishermen.
During the second half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Pogradec area played an important role in the Albanian National Renaissance.
Italian occupation of Pogradec was interrupted due to Greco-Italian War and Greek troops occupied the city between 30 November 1940 and 14 April 1941.
After Italy's capitulation in 1943 the Italians were replaced by the German Nazis who kept the city until 30 August 1944 when it was liberated by the Albanian partizans.
The climate of the Lake Ohrid is classified as a local-continental type because of a microclime that is created in that area influenced by Mediterranean climate.
Pogradec is located about 139 km from Tirana, the capital city of Albania, 40 km from Korça, and 5 km from North Macedonia.
Pogradec is the last railway station: Tirana - Durrës - Elbasan - Librazhd - Pogradec and located along SH3 road that passes through Devoll and continues to Greece.
Translake transport started on 15 June 2014 with a tourist ferry between Pogradec and Ohrid, but the service is sporadic and unreliable.
Pogradec is well known for its famous writers and poets such as Lasgush Poradeci and Mitrush Kuteli, and lately Luan Starova.
Separated from their old hometown and their relatives by the Albania-Yugoslavia border during the Enver Hoxha's era, they would often look at Pogradec through a binocular from the vantage point of Monastery of Saint Naum on the other side of the lake.
Pogradec is also the home of nationally acclaimed painters like Anastas Kostandini(Taso), Gjergji Lako, Gentian Zeka, Vangjo Vasili and Ilir Dhima.
All the towns surrounding lake Ohrid (Pogradec, Ohrid and Struga) gather in a festival where local delicacies, including food and culture are showcased.
It is used to treat a number of bacterial infections including acute bacterial sinusitis, pneumonia, H. pylori (in combination with other medications), urinary tract infections, chronic prostatitis, and some types of gastroenteritis.
The use of other medications in this class appear to be safe while breastfeeding; however, the safety of levofloxacin is unclear.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.
Levofloxacin is used to treat infections including: respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, anthrax, endocarditis, meningitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, traveler's diarrhea, tuberculosis, and plague and is available by mouth, intravenously, and in eye drop form.
As of 2007 the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society recommended levofloxacin and other respiratory fluoroquinolines as first line treatment for community acquired pneumonia when co-morbidities such as heart, lung, or liver disease are present or when in-patient treatment is required.
As of 2010 it was recommended by the IDSA as a first-line treatment option for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adults.
In combination with metronidazole it is recommended as one of several first-line treatment options for adult patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections of mild-to-moderate severity.
Levofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones have also been widely used for the treatment of uncomplicated community-acquired respiratory and urinary tract infections, indications for which major medical societies generally recommend the use of older, narrower spectrum drugs to avoid fluoroquinolone resistance development.
Usage of levofloxacin eye drops, along with an antibiotic injection of cefuroxime or penicillin during cataract surgery, has been found to lower the chance of developing endophthalmitis, compared to eye drops or injections alone.
According to the FDA approved prescribing information, levofloxacin is pregnancy category C. This designation indicates that animal reproduction studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but the potential benefit to the mother may in some cases outweigh the risk to the fetus.
Exposure to quinolones, including levofloxacin, during the first-trimester is not associated with an increased risk of stillbirths, premature births, birth defects, or low birth weight.
However, the risk appears to be very low, and levofloxacin can be used in breastfeeding mothers with proper monitoring of the infant, combined with delaying breastfeeding for 4–6 hours after taking levofloxacin.
Levofloxacin is not approved in most countries for the treatment of children except in unique and life-threatening infections because it is associated with an elevated risk of musculoskeletal injury in this population, a property it shares with other fluoroquinolones.
In the United States levofloxacin is approved for the treatment of anthrax and plague in children over six months of age.
In one study, 1534 juvenile patients (age 6 months to 16 years) treated with levofloxacin as part of three efficacy trials were followed up to assess all musculoskeletal events occurring up to 12 months post-treatment.
At 12 months follow-up the cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal adverse events was 3.4%, compared to 1.8% among 893 patients treated with other antibiotics.
In the levafloxacin-treated group, approximately two-thirds of these musculoskeletal adverse events occurred in the first 60 days, 86% were mild, 17% were moderate, and all resolved without long-term sequelae.
Package inserts mention that levofloxacin is to be avoided in patients with a known hypersensitivity to levofloxacin or other quinolone drugs.
Like all fluoroquinolines, levofloxacin is contraindicated in patients with epilepsy or other seizure disorders, and in patients who have a history of quinolone-associated tendon rupture.
Levofloxacin may prolong the QT interval in some people, especially the elderly, and levofloxacin should not be used for people with a family history of Long QT syndrome, or who have long QT, chronic low potassium, it should not be prescribed with other drugs that prolong the QT interval.
When levofloxacin is taken with anti-acids containing magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide, the two combine to form insoluble salts that are difficult to absorb from the intestines.
However, severe, disabling, and potentially irreversible adverse effects sometimes occur, and for this reason use it is recommended that use of fluoroquinolones be limited.
Such injuries, including tendon rupture, has been observed up to 6 months after cessation of treatment; higher doses of fluoroquinolones, being elderly, transplant patients, and those with a current or historical corticosteroid use are at elevated risk.
The U.S. label for levofloxacin also contains a black box warning for the exacerbation of the symptoms of the neurological disease myasthenia gravis.
Similarly, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency recommendations warn of rare but disabling and potentially irreversible adverse effects, and to recommend limiting use of these drugs.
A wide variety of other uncommon but serious adverse events have been associated with fluoroquinolone use, with varying degrees of evidence supporting causation.
These include anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, central nervous system effects including seizures and psychiatric effects, prolongation of the QT interval, blood glucose disturbances, and photosensitivity, among others.
There is some disagreement in the medical literature regarding whether and to what extent levofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones produce serious adverse effects more frequently than other broad spectrum antibacterial drugs.
With regard to more usual adverse effects, in pooled results from 7537 patients exposed to levofloxacin in 29 clinical trials, 4.3% discontinued treatment due to adverse drug reactions.
Overall, 7% of patients experienced nausea, 6% headache, 5% diarrhea, 4% insomnia, along with other adverse reactions experienced at lower rates.
In the event of an acute overdosage, authorities recommend unspecific standard procedures such as emptying the stomach, observing the patient and maintaining appropriate hydration.
DNA gyrase, on the other hand, is responsible for supercoiling the DNA, so that it will fit in the newly formed cells.
Levofloxacin is rapidly and essentially completely absorbed after oral administration, with a plasma concentration profile over time that is essentially identical to that obtained from intravenous administration of the same amount over 60 minutes.
Similarly, lung tissue concentrations range from two-fold to five-fold higher than plasma concentrations in the 24 hours after a single dose.
The mean terminal plasma elimination half-life of levofloxacin ranges from approximately 6 to 8 hours following single or multiple doses of levofloxacin given orally or intravenously.
The substance is used as the hemihydrate, which has the empirical formula CHFNO · ½ HO and a molecular mass of 370.38 g/mol.
A major issue in the synthesis of Levofloxacin is identifying correct entries into the benzoxazine core in order to produce the correct chiral form.
Levofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone, being one of the isomers of ofloxacin, which was a broader-spectrum conformationally locked analog of norfloxacin; both ofloxacin and levofloxaxin were synthesized and developed by scientists at Daiichi Seiyaku.
The Daiichi scientists knew that ofloxacin was racemic, but tried unsuccessfully to separate the two isomers; in 1985 they succeeded in separately synthesizing the pure levo form and showed that it was less toxic and more potent than the other form.
It was first approved for marketing in Japan in 1993 for oral administration, and Daiichi marketed it there under the brand name Cravit.
Daiichi, working with Johnson & Johnson as it had with ofloxacin, obtained FDA approval in 1996 under the brand name Levaquin to treat bacterial sinusitus, bacterial exacerbations of bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin infections, complicated urinary tract infections, and acute pyelonephritis.
Levofloxacin had reached blockbuster status by this time; combined worldwide sales of levofloxacin and ofloxacin for J&J alone were US$1.6 billion in 2009.
The term of the levofloxacin United States patent was extended by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 810 days under the provisions of the Hatch Waxman Amendment so that the patent would expire in 2010 instead of 2008.
The federal patent court ruled in favor of J&J and Daiichi, and generic versions of levofloxacin did not enter the U.S. market until 2009.
The FDA estimated that in 2011 over 23 million outpatient prescriptions for fluoroquinolones, of which levofloxacin made up 28%, were filled in the United States.
As of 2012, Johnson and Johnson was facing around 3400 state and federal lawsuits filed by people who claimed tendon damage from levofloxacin; about 1900 pending in a class action at the United States District Court in Minnesota and about 1500 pending at a district court in New Jersey.
In October 2012, J&J settled 845 cases in the Minnesota action, after Johnson and Johnson prevailed in three of the first four cases to go to trial.
The Bay of Kiel or Kiel Bay (, ; ) is a bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany and the islands of Denmark.
It is connected with the Bay of Mecklenburg in the east, the Little Belt in the northwest, and the Great Belt in the North.
Once in, through traffic to the Baltic passes through another strait, the Fehmarn Belt, into the Bay of Mecklenburg, which opens out into the Baltic Sea.
In the other direction, traffic can either pass northward through the Great Belt, keeping Langeland on the port side, or enter the Kiel Fjord and traverse the Kiel Canal directly to the mouth of the Elbe River and the North Sea.
From the latter drains the Schlei inlet, actually a brackish estuary, at the head of which is the city named after it, Schleswig.
Kieler Förde, projecting from the bay to the south, is about 17 km long and 1 km wide at its narrowest point.
The strategic location was not lost on the founders of Holstein, of which Kiel was intended to be a major city.
Before the foundation of Kiel in 1242 and the construction of a walled city there, the region could not have escaped settlement, especially by the Vikings.
Eckernförde Bay is about 16 km long and turns at the mouth, with the south bank on approximately ten km of the Bay of Kiel.
The once forested peninsula between Kiel Fjord and Eckernförde Bay formed the borderland between the Saxons and the Danes in the Middle Ages.
The NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Championship is the annual tournament to determine the national champions of women's NCAA Division III collegiate basketball in the United States.
The current champion is Thomas More, which will be unable to defend the title as it rejoined the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).
Featuring host Elizabethtown College, Clark College (Massachusetts), Pomona College (California) and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, the tournament was played in a classic field house over a three-day period.
In the first game of the National Semi-Final Elizabethtown took control right from the tip-off against Clark and easily cruised to a 71-51 victory.
In the second game of the Final Four Pomona took the lead early in the game, but UNC Greensboro battled back to tie the game at 56 with six minutes to play.
Last second heroics by UNC Greensboro sent the game into overtime, but Elizabethtown came up with the final stop in overtime to win 67-66 in overtime.
Television coverage was provided by a fledgling ESPN while exclusive radio coverage was provided by KSPC Radio - Pomona College's tiny KSPC sports broadcasting group with Geoff Willis (Pomona '83) and James Timmerman (Pomona '82) providing the play by play and color.
ESPN was so embryonic that the game was broadcast multiple times during the following two weeks and ESPN hired the KSPC Radio staff to help with background and color research about the players and the teams.
Leonardo, nickname Leo, is a fictional character and one of the four main characters in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and related media.
He is the most skilled, the most serious, the most spiritual, the most disciplined, and the most in-line with Splinter's teachings and thoughts.
The remaining Turtles and Splinter are forced to continue the fight, but even with the aid of Casey Jones, the odds are against them.
Along with his younger brother Donatello and his youngest brother Michelangelo, Leonardo returns to New York and reunites with his wayward brother in the old sewer lair.
The three go along with Raphael's plan to storm the Foot Headquarters, where once again Raphael goes off on his own to fight the Shredder.
The Turtles are approached by Karai, the leader of the Foot Clan in Japan who has come to New York to unite the Foot.
She presents the Turtles with an offer of a truce between the Foot and the Turtles if they help her kill Shredder's Elite Guards, which are a major obstacle to her reorganizing the Foot.
Despite Raphael's objections, Leonardo persuades his brothers to accept Karai's offer and all four Turtles successfully work with Karai to eliminate the Elite Guard.
When the Utroms make a very public arrival on Earth and reveal alien life to humans, however, the Turtles become free to mingle in everyday society.
Karai approaches Leonardo for help when a mysterious force begins attacking various Foot Clans; only the New York branch is left intact.
In Volume 3 of the Image Comics series, Leonardo was initially portrayed as similar to his Mirage counterpart (at the time, Image was picking up where Volume 2 left off).
In the later issues, he lost a hand when it was eaten by King Komodo, although this did not seem to deter him significantly.
He tried initially to use a prosthetic hand, which was given to him by Donatello, but he much preferred to wear a steel cap which came with a retractable blade.
The Archie Comics series initially began as an adaptation of 1987 animated series, so Leonardo was naturally portrayed like his animated counterpart.
Four of his top students were depicted: Nobuko, possibly his love interest; Miles, a young black man; Carmen, a Latina woman and possibly his love interest; and Bob, an anthropomorphic baboon.
Although the IDW series is a complete comic re-imagination of the franchise, Leonardo is initially portrayed as similar to his Mirage counterpart.
He is later saved by his brothers and their allies, however, after the death of the Shredder at the hands of his father, Splinter, who took over the Foot Clan after the battle, Leo once again became the chunin, but, like last time, it didn't last.
The relationship between Splinter and his sons deteriorated after he decided to take another life, going against the very philosophy he taught them to always follow.
He revealed that this was, in fact, an intentional way of pushing them away from him, as he believes being around him would be too much of a threat to them, as shown during the events of the comic book.
In the 1987 TV series' theme song lyrics, Leonardo is said outright to be the leader of the TMNT, and there is little disputing this; his orders are usually followed, and he is a very serious do-gooder who hardly ever makes wise cracks.
He was attracted to a young kunoichi named Lotus, a swordswoman prodigy from Japan who was hired by Krang to replace Shredder, whom she easily defeated (along with Rocksteady and Bebop).
She turned on Krang and escaped to continue her mercenary lifestyle, telling Leonardo that there was little good in goodness, though she hoped that they would one day be on the same side.
When the cartoon series starts out, he is shown with having a very level head, akin to his leadership qualities in the comic.
However, as the series carried on, he became more of a hero of a group of superheroes and spoke in a high pitched voice, which was very different from the original, deeper pitch in the first season.
After a man says that everybody talks about the weather but nobody does anything, Leonardo realizes his responsibility and begins to search for his brothers.
He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street.
In one episode where they were sparring, Raphael took advantage of Leo's apparent physical weakening, insulting, mocking and taunting his brother to make him more reckless, until finally Leo lost his temper and angrily kicked Raph so hard that he sent Raph flying across the sewer den.
They spent the rest of the episode arguing and challenging each other to tests of skill (some of them quite absurd) until finally using arm wrestling to decide who would live in the sewer and who would leave.
In the Mirage Studios and 4Kids Entertainment 2003 animated TV series, Leonardo is voiced by Michael Sinterniklaas in the English version, Tetsuya Kakihara in the Japanese version, and Samuel Harjanne (seasons 1 and 2) and Markus Blom in the Finnish version.
Though Leonardo's relationships with his younger brothers Donatello and Michelangelo are not as volatile, both have made comments alluding to the high standards the former has set, and his tendency to make them look bad.
Despite this, his brothers view him as a pillar of strength and are at a loss when he is injured or absent.
One of Leonardo's most prominent qualities is his determination to believe in the good and the best in people, even potential enemies; such as Karai.
At times, Leonardo is shown to be very hard on himself, as he feels that a lot is expected of him.
As in the Mirage comics, Leonardo is ambushed and seriously injured by the Foot Clan and he feels he let his family and himself down.
He has the same feelings after the final battle with the Shredder-his anger and self-doubt was caused by Karai, who he believed was an honorable ally, but she was unable to go against her master's orders, eventually causing her to stab Leonardo (albeit unintentionally).
Leonardo also feels extremely inadequate, as he believes that again, he let himself and his family down, this time by finding no other way to destroy the Shredder than to blow up the spaceship that both the Turtles and the Shredder were on; the Turtles and Splinter would have perished if they had not been rescued by Utroms.
From their final battle with the Shredder, Leonardo was the only Turtle to sustain truly lasting damage; part of his shell on his upper left shoulder had its edge shorn.
Nevertheless, he is the most skilled of the Turtles, being the only one trained by two ninja masters, capable of facing and defeating Karai, the new Shredder, in a one-on-one fight, as well as defeating all three of his brothers at once in a sparring match.
Through much of the fourth season, while the other turtles are fully healed and recovered from their battle with the Shredder, Leonardo still could not get over his failure.
He becomes bitter and increasingly stern with himself and adopts a greatly aggressive personality, which has been likened to Raph's previous impulsive and hotheaded ways on many occasions.
Leonardo also shows considerably less reluctance in using violence to interrogate people, and devotes himself to even greater lengths of training in order to protect his family.
Not wanting his family to worry about him, Leonardo chose to never tell them about his true feelings about their final battle against the Shredder, although he open up to April and Usagi about his problems.
It comes to a head when Leonardo loses his temper and nearly causes Splinter a serious injury during a training session.
Leonardo was sent by Splinter to find Master Yoshi's own sensei, The Ancient One, since there is nothing more he could do for his troubled son.
In the end, Leonardo admits that he was angry over failing his family while fighting the Shredder and that his only option was to self-destruct the ship to stop him.
Leonardo comes to terms with his anger, accepting he did every thing in his power, and begins training under the short man, who turns out to be the Ancient One.
Leonardo only leaves when he learns that his family is in danger, a result of Karai's vengeance, which destroys the lair and presumably eliminates them.
In the fifth season, of the eight acolytes under the Tribunal's training, Leonardo is the only one who doesn't receive a weapon from the Spirit Forge.
In the Fast Forward season, and the Back to the Sewers season, the damage that occurred to Leonardo's shell as stated above has somehow been repaired.
From then on, Leonardo is far more experienced and skillful at even more complex ninjitsu moves than even Splinter, Raph, Mikey, and Donnie all at once.
Leonardo is the most skilled at ninjutsu and other forms of hand-to-hand combat he all learned from his adopted father and master, Splinter.
In this latest version, Leonardo seems to be less experienced and still perfecting his fighting skills and leadership abilities to make more solid decisions and gain more trust from his three younger brothers.
Leonardo immediately developed romantic feelings for Karai since their first encounter, even though she is his adoptive sister by Splinter; she was taken in by the Shredder after her mother's death and was tasked with destroying her birth family (including Leo) before changing sides upon discovering her true heritage as his adopted sister.
His weapons here are purely dual katanas, which he uses in the Niten Ryu style of kenjutsu, making him an excellent swordsman.
Despite the fact the other three turtles have added traits in this series, Leonardo is almost completely normal but now has blue eyes.
Upon the sudden demise of his adopted father and master, he reluctantly steps up as sensei in addition to being leader, which puts even more pressure on him.
He is visited, on occasion, by the spirit of Splinter who encourages him to lead his family and friends to stopping new evils.
He managed to develop and utilize it to counteract the lethal venom of Karai, and attempted to use it on her to release her from the Shredder's control but failed.
Unlike past versions, he is not the leader of the turtles, and boasts a less serious, more laidback, charming, sardonic, and joke-cracking personality.
It was he who first communicated telepathically with a kidnapped Splinter and seems the most anxious about Raphael's health after his ambush by the Foot Clan.
He fought alongside his brothers against The Shredder in the climatic battle and was the only one of the four to actually injure The Shredder, but, like his brothers, could not defeat him.
Due to the focus on Raphael in the film's plot, Leonardo's personality was rarely explored and his leader position in the team took a back seat.
He, like his brothers, was astonished at the return of the Foot but he found that their current homelessness due to their last battle was a more pressing issue and soon he convinced his brothers that they needed to move.
April finds him in Central America and while he was hesitant to return to New York City, he does at the right time to take on a new force of evil.
His brotherly relationship with Raphael is strained due to Raphael feeling abandoned by Leo as well as feeling less appreciated by Splinter.
In the first movie prequel comic, Leo becomes angry with Raph for trying to leave them in order to save a man from being mugged because there are 4 heavily armed Triceratons in the sewers who could cause devastation to the city.
Raph states in the comic that he was tired of waiting for disaster to fall on his family and tired of fighting aliens while people in their own neighborhood are being mugged and murdered.
Leo, on the other hand, believes that the world of men is the responsibility of the police, while Utroms and Triceratons are their domain… that they should fight only when there is no one else to solve the problem.
This also engages Leo in a contradiction when he stays in Central America, using violence to fight local lawlessness and effectively deserting his brothers because he believes as Raph believes, that others need him more.
Such parallels suggest that the two brothers are experiencing the same dedication to justice but in a different mentality, albeit in very different locales and using different tactics.
In fact, when Leo tracks down and scolds the Nightwatcher (not knowing that he is Raphael), he remarks that he is well aware of the Nightwatcher's good intentions but cannot simply approve of the latter's methods.
Leo is captured by the Stone Generals and the Foot Clan but is rescued by his family later before the final battle where Leo and Raph finally resolve their differences, Raph accepting Leo as their leader while Leo confesses to needing Raph.
In this movie, he is dedicated to perfecting his ninjutsu skills and will stop at nothing to defend his brothers and the entire city.
He tends to have a similar personality to his '87 counterpart where he is determined to help people and keep his brothers in line.
He and Raphael unlike in their other adaptions don't fight over leadership although they have a brief argument over the Hamatshi and Raphael talking about leaving which Leo debunks Raph's claim.
In the video games, Leonardo is portrayed as well-balanced, having strong but not extreme abilities in all areas and no glaring weaknesses.
He is the default turtle outside the gear loadout, while the rest of his brothers, Michelangelo, Raphael and Donatello can only be picked through the said loadout selection, similar to premier skin characters.
In their single player ending, Krang had sent them to the world where the war between the Insurgency and Regime was taking place.
After the victory over Brainiac, Harley Quinn serves some pizza with 5-U-93-R. With this, they became powerful enough to return home and defeat Krang and Shredder.
Raphael, nickname Raph, is a fictional character and one of the four main characters of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and all related media.
He is usually depicted wearing a red eye mask; in this regard he is the only turtle to retain the color in all media, whereas the others each received a different color.
The origin of Raphael's anger is not always fully explored, but in some incarnations appears to stem partly from the realization that they are the only creatures of their kind and ultimately alone.
Like all of the brothers, he is named after a Renaissance artist; in this case, he is named after the 16th-century Italian painter Raphael.
In 2011 Raphael placed 23rd on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes, a list that did not feature any of his brothers.
In the earliest black-and-white Mirage Comics, Raphael was the most violent turtle and had a tendency for going berserk either in battle or when his temper flared up.
Raphael mellowed somewhat as the series went on, possibly a key moment for his character development was when he allowed Leonardo to go in alone to defeat The Shredder after nearly being killed by the Foot Elite.
Since then, he has been less likely to challenge Leonardo's leadership, and on the whole is more friendly towards his family and allies.
Raphael often shows a caring, more laid-back, side of himself when around his youngest brother, frequently indulging the youngest turtle emotionally when at home and ferociously protecting him from harm when in battle.
In his self-titled one-shot miniseries, Raphael meets human vigilante Casey Jones, his foil, who is more violent and unstable than he was.
After having been bitten by a vampire-like creature, he experienced a further mutation, and became a large, dinosaur-like version of himself.
He went into a state of berserk animal rage because of it, but with some guidance by an inner manifestation of Master Splinter, he regained his original mentality and later assisted Leonardo and Casey Jones in tracking down the vampires who attacked him.
This is also somewhat similar to an earlier storyline during Volume 1, where Raphael was attacked by a leech-like creature who, when sucking his blood, also drained him of the mutagen in his body and reverted him to a small turtle.
Finally, after tracking down the creature, Raphael manages to bite it and pierce its skin, thereby drinking its blood and mutating back.
In the Image series that treated the first two volumes of the Mirage Comics as canonical, Raphael was blasted in the face and disfigured.
After that, he wore one of Casey Jones' hockey masks for much of the time, and eventually just an eye patch.
Later, Raphael wore Shredder's armor in an attempt to psychologically dominate a number of the New York Mob, with whom the Foot Clan was engaged in a losing gang war.
He donned a slightly variant version of the armor, and pretended to be the Shredder to get the advantage on his pursuers.
He succeeded in defeating them and was then accepted into, and given control of, the New York faction of the Foot Clan for a brief time.
In the independent published series of the Image Comics #24, Raphael had an eyepatch and red bandana for the whole issue and was even angrier than ever.
He killed Cheng with whom he had been friends in issue #25, and as soon as Pimiko was killed by the gauntlet of Lady Shredder, Raph removed his bandana and eyepatch to reveal his left eye was no longer disfigured but was back to normal.
He later said to Leonardo he had a thing for Pimiko, and like Donatello with Baxter's help on ridding him of cyborg parts, Raphael kept his crush on Pimiko a secret.
After the second story arc, Raphael changed costumes and began wearing an all dark ninja outfit which he won during an Alien Wrestling Match.
He would be the first member of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles to have a girlfriend, meeting Ninjara in issue #28 and breaking up near the end of the magazine's 75 issue run.
In the future, Raphael would lose an eye during a conflict with the Shredder, Verminator X, and Armaggon (in most of the future timeline incarnations of Raphael, his left eye is missing).
He would time travel after his brother Donatello invents the technology and eventually retire on the island Turtleco (which used to be Manhattan) and become a bar owner.
In the IDW Comics, Raphael, like his brothers, is one of the reincarnated sons of Hamato Yoshi, who in medieval Japan were murdered by Oroku Saki.
He began his new life in the present as a young turtle in the laboratory of StockGen Research, Inc., Baxter Stockman's genetics laboratory and served as a guinea pig for an experiment to be grown to be an naturally armored super soldier.
The intervention also led his reincarnated father, now a lab rat, and the Turtles to be doused with a chemical cocktail that triggered their mutation.
In the fifteen months after his mutation he eked out a miserable existence as a vagrant on the streets of New York City without a memory of his life before his transformation, or even of a name.
This changed on the night when he was befriended by Casey Jones after saving Jones from a beating by his father.
He trained extensively with them for the next month, making incredible progress and being rewarded with a pair of sais at the end of it.
Despite joining his brothers in their training and patrols, Raphael maintained his friendship with Casey by sometimes going out and assaulting criminals.
Raphael fought alongside his brothers to get their father back, but came to the attention of the Shredder and the Foot Clan in the process.
When Casey was badly beaten by his father, Raphael lost his temper and set out to murder the man, but was stopped by Splinter, who taught him that he fights with too much anger.
However, his anger was turned inward during the City Fall storyline, in which the rescuing of a stabbed Casey from Shredder led to Leonardo being captured and brainwashed into Shredder's second-in-command.
Devastated, Raphael blamed the entire event on himself, and set out to savagely beat information on the Foot Clan from informants until Michelangelo and Donatello stopped him.
When Splinter and the Turtles tried to extract the brainwashed Leonardo from Shredder's clutches, Raphael managed to penetrate some of the brainwashing and remind Leo of who they were.
From then on, Raphael watched and guarded his brother from a distance; including keeping Alopex away from him but did not engage him.
He became more friendly with the mutant fox Alopex, though any trust he had for her was still shaky and he incorrectly believed that she had betrayed them when the Foot attacked.
Due to Hob's early efforts to kill him, Raphael remained extremely wary of Old Hob and didn't believe that their family should be working with him.
During the Turtles in Time event, Raphael was captured by Utroms in prehistoric times, and adopted a small dinosaur he named Pepperoni.
When Leonardo attempted to change the past by killing Oroku Saki in medieval Japan, it was Raphael who talked him out of it.
However, he was devastated upon returning back to New York, where a dying Donatello was barely saved by the Fugitoid by being transferred into the body of the robot Metalhead.
When Splinter entered his family into the Gauntlet, an ancient ritual that would end the bloody conflict between them and the Foot, Raphael was pitted against the powerful but dimwitted Rocksteady, who had nearly beaten Donatello to death.
When his father became leader of the Foot Clan, Raphael reluctantly joined as well, though he remained somewhat distant from it compared to Leonardo.
He also remained in contact with their newly-estranged brother Michelangelo, assuring him that he knew how hard it was to be homeless, and that Michelangelo would always have a home with them.
Raphael and Leonardo also sought out two of Krang's remaining warriors, Tragg and Granitor, only to be knocked out by Leatherhead.
Upon returning home, Raphael and his brothers were horrified to see Kitsune about to kill Splinter, and a brainwashed Alopex assisting her.
Raphael attempted to reconcile Michelangelo with his family in the Chasing Phantoms arc, in which he argued that Michelangelo should be with them, even if their new place was as part of the Foot Clan.
And upon Splinter's execution of Darius Dun, Raphael changed his mind and decided that Michelangelo had been right all along, leaving the Foot Clan along with Donatello and Leonardo, and moving back into their old lair.
During the days that followed, Raphael participated in a raucous Christmas party, assisted Angel Bridge in bringing a traumatized Alopex back to New York, and infiltrated the Pantheon Family Reunion, with nearly-deadly results.
He returned to Dimension X with his brothers in The Trial of Krang story arc, in which they were required to bring back a collection of key witnesses to testify against Krang.
Afterwards, he and his brothers were attacked by the Collectors, and Raphael was forced to go on an inter-dimensional journey with Ray Stantz, resulting in his body temporarily being stolen by Viking ghosts.
His strained relationship with Splinter became even more so when the Turtles returned to Earth, and found the Foot Clan in conflict with the Triceratons.
When Burnow Island was attacked by Bishop, Raphael was reluctant to assist the Utroms and Triceratons, but accompanied his brothers anyway.
They intended to kill and dissect him, but Raphael broke free and escaped, reminded of Buck and his own losses and pain from the past.
Raphael is a sardonic wise-guy, and supplies comic relief alongside Michelangelo, whose humor is usually attributed to his ignorance and spaciness, whereas Raphael is more sardonic and sarcastic.
In the 1987 series' original English-language version, Raphael's voice actor is Rob Paulsen from season one to season nine with Thom Pinto as the 1989 alternate, Hal Rayle as the 1993 alternate, and Michael Gough in the final season.
He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street.
This would be Rob Paulsen's second role in the 2012 series, the other being Donatello while he returned to his role as Raphael for the cameo.
This version of Raphael has a personality which is more akin to his original incarnation - he is angrier and more sardonic, but not quite as violent as his darker personality from the comics, unless furious - as proven in one incident where he almost smashed Michelangelo's head in with a pipe after Mikey beat him in a sparring match.
His best friend is generally regarded as Casey Jones - and is the best man at Casey and April O'Neil's wedding in the final episode of this series.
Raphael's character design was updated, giving him green eyes as well as a small, lightning-shaped chip out of his plastron across his left shoulder.
On Season 5 Raphael doesn’t back talk to Leonardo as much as he did in the earlier season probably because Leonardo is the sensei and has more control when it comes to Raphael.
Raphael’s relationship with his two brothers Michelangelo and Donatello is not as bad as his relationship with Leonardo but it can be tense at times.
Sometimes he would hit them or challenge them especially in training and other times they will team up to mock Leonardo.
When Raphael behaves in an upsetting manner and when his brothers confronts him, he will get in denial at first but then he will reluctantly or willingly apologize.
He speaks with a distinctive tough-sounding New York accent (that was imitated in the later versions of TMNT), and is the turtle whose character is explored most completely.
This film focuses more so on his feeling of isolation from his brothers and sense of regret and anger when Splinter is eventually captured from the Shredder.
Here, it is established that he shares a closer relationship with news reporter April O'Neil having saved her from the Foot Clan on several occasions.
In the films, he is still angry and occasionally goes off by himself in the second movie, but has a soft spot for the young people the team meets.
His time as the Nightwatcher is one of the few during which Raphael uses a different ninjutsu weapon, the manriki: weighted chains that can be concealed in the hands and used from considerable distances.
Unlike his sai, the manriki are typically not lethal weapons, though they could crush a skull if used with enough force.
In this movie, the animosity between Raphael and Leonardo is the most straight-forward due to Raphael's anger at his brother leaving.
This leads to a physical confrontation between Raphael and Leonardo and resulting in Raphael almost mortally wounding Leonardo before retreating - suddenly realising what he was about to do, and running in fear from his anger.
After Leonardo is kidnapped, Raphael then acknowledges his mistake to Master Splinter and confesses what happened and why he understood the reason Leonardo was chosen as the leader.
Master Splinter then explains to Raphael that his tendency to put the world's problems on his own shoulders as a protector of the weak is a great quality and that while he may not be his favorite student, it does not mean he is his least favorite son.
Master Splinter then tells Raphael that his strength, his passion, and his loyalty to the people he cares about are also merits of a great leader, if it can be tempered with compassion.
After Raphael, the Turtles, as well as Casey and April rescue Leonardo, Raphael is shown to be eager to fight alongside his brother instead of against him.
This is due to the Nightwatcher using tactics like Raph's and due to the reason that Donnie believes that the team still exists where as Raph does not.
Donnie also doesn't support Mikey's admiration of The Nightwatcher and even though Donnie doesn't know that Raph is The Nightwatcher, believes that Raph should get a normal job to support the family.
Donnie's dislike of The Nightwatcher alone seems to mildly anger Raph and then there's the fact that Splinter put Donnie in charge of the turtles while Leo was away.
This factor annoys Raph a little more and leads to Raphael almost punching Donnie in the face; smirking when his brother flinches.
He is the first turtle that April O' Neil sees after stopping the Foot Clan, although she does not get a good look at him and thinks he's a man.
They team up with Vern Fenwick to help him save them from Sacks Industries, where he fights Shredder to buy April and Vern time to do so.
After rescuing Leonardo, Donatello, and Michelangelo and defeating the Shredder, Raphael and his brothers use the mutagen to save Splinter's life.
He along with Donatello and Leonardo don't try to get April's attention unlike Michelangelo who does voice his feelings to April.
In this incarnation, Raphael isn't as hot headed and doesn't clash with Leonardo over leadership however they have a brief argument over the Hatamishi which Raphael refuses to go to and claims he'll leave which Leo debunks.
He does still get annoyed at Donatello when he does talk of his calculations in a way the others don't understand.
Also, it should be noted he is the only turtle in the film to stay true to his other adaptations by not wearing any footwear.
He becomes enraged when he learns Leonardo has commanded Donnie not to reveal to him or Mikey about the Purple Ooze being able to turn them into humans, stating that Leo broke the third code of the ninja (honor) by lying to his brothers.
He disobeys direct orders from Leo and has no problem lying to April and Casey in order to get them to go along on a mission with him.
He does still show caring for his brothers as him and Mikey are shown to be very close, with the two of them pulling pranks on Casey Jones and Raph becoming enraged when Krang nearly kills Mikey.
Raphael in the film is also shown to have a fear of great heights, possibly due to the events of the first film; while the other turtles leap out of an airplane with little thought Raphael puts on a parachute and even then must psych himself up to perform the jump.
In the first few video games, based on the 1987 cartoon, Raphael was an unpopular character because of the short range of his weapon.
While Leonardo is the default turtle outside the gear loadout, he, Michelangelo and Donatello can only be picked through the said loadout selection similar to the premier skin characters.
Perfidious Albion is a pejorative phrase used within the context of international relations diplomacy to refer to alleged acts of diplomatic sleights, duplicity, treachery and hence infidelity (with respect to perceived promises made to or alliances formed with other nation states) by monarchs or governments of the UK (or England prior to 1707) in their pursuit of self-interest.
In the early days of the French Revolution, when the revolution aimed at establishing a liberal constitutional monarchy along British lines, many in Great Britain had looked upon the Revolution with mild favour.
However, following the turn of the revolution to republicanism with overthrow and execution of Louis XVI, Britain had allied itself with the other monarchies of Europe against the Revolution in France.
It was utilised by French journalists whenever there were tensions between France and Britain, for example during the competition for colonies in Africa, culminating in the Fashoda incident.
His signature weapons are dual nunchaku, though he has also been portrayed using other weapons, such as a grappling hook, manriki-gusari, tonfa, and a three-section staff (in some action figures).
More fun-loving than his brothers and the youngest of the group, Michelangelo was given a much bigger role in the 1987 cartoon series, directed at a younger audience, than in the more serious original comic books which were aimed at an older audience.
Like all of the brothers, he is named after a Renaissance artist; in this case, he is named after Michelangelo Buonarroti.
The spelling of the character's name varies from source to source, and he has been alternately shown as both Michelangelo and Michaelangelo.
In these original comic books, Michelangelo was initially depicted as fun-loving, carefree, and, while not as aggressive as Raphael, always ready to fight.
It was Michelangelo's one-shot in this series that fleshed out most of the traits that have become synonymous with the character, such as his playfulness, empathy, and easygoing nature.
In the one-shot story, Michelangelo adopts a stray cat (which he names Klunk) and also stops thieves from stealing toys meant for orphaned children.
After their defeat at the hands of the Foot Clan the Turtles, Splinter, April O'Neil, and Casey Jones retreat to a farm house in Northampton, Massachusetts which used to belong to Casey's grandmother.
A scene shows him lashing out at his surroundings and repeatedly punching the wall of the barn until it breaks, then collapsing on it despondently, anger spent.
The end of the story implies that Michelangelo's sorrow and frustration have been resolved, as subsequent issues restore Michelangelo's more relaxed, optimistic personality.
Michelangelo, the social creature that he is, moves in with April and Casey so that he can be close to Shadow.
These stories also laid the foundations which demonstrated his closeness with his older brother Donatello, their laid-back natures separating them from the more contentious Leonardo and Raphael.
Michelangelo convinces Seri to sneak away from her bodyguards so that he can take her on a tour of the northwest coast of the USA.
With the help of a Triceraton prisoner named Azokk, he manages to escape, and is rescued by a group of Triceratons who came to rescue Azokk.
The ordeal results in Mikey's personality taking a very dark turn, having been hardened by the cruelty of the extrajudicial prison and Azokk's death.
Upon the Triceratons learning of Azokk's death, they declare war on the Styracodons and carry out a genocidal assault against them.
Michelangelo, embittered by Seri's apparent betrayal, joins forces with the Triceratons and gladly aids them in acts of genocide against the Styracodons.
Michelangelo was not given an especially large role in Volumes 1 and 2, did little to advance the plot, and was often not portrayed as an especially skilled fighter.
In the comics published by Image Comics, Michelangelo's interest in writing is expanded upon and he is established as a writer of fiction and poetry.
But the relationship wouldn't last, (as the story may have begun after Rapture's death), she started staying with Officer Dragon and had developed an attraction to him; though Dragon didn't know it himself.
Michelangelo is the only Turtle who did not end up disfigured in some way in this series; Leonardo lost his left hand and had it replaced by a steel cap with a retractable blade, Raphael was facially disfigured after being shot in the face, and Donatello was transformed into a cyborg after being shot and thrown out of a helicopter.
In the Archie Comics series, Michelangelo was initially presented very similarly to his 1987 cartoon portrayal-understandable, considering that the comic started as an adaption of the popular animated series.
In a storyline set in the future, Michelangelo is shown to have become an artist whose main job is running an orphanage.
He is more mature in this incarnation than others, but is still sociable, as one example is that he bonded with the Mighty Mutanimals and pizza boy Woody Dirkins.
Unfortunately Michelangelo's friendship with Woody weakened as shown in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Issue 15 when Slash frightened Woody and he left a note for Michelangelo saying that he couldn't handle the troubles that follow them.
Michelangelo is good friends with all Mutanimals but can be unsure about Old Hob, knowing their past events with Hob being their enemy.
Also he worries about them showing his concern in issue 68 when Hob tells them that Slash had been mind controlled and took out all the Mutanimals and helped capture them for the Earth Protection Force.
Michelangelo is also the most sensitive turtle as in issue 50 he couldn't handle Splinter accepting leadership of the Foot Clan.
In this incarnation he is not romantically interested in anyone except Neutrino: Princess Trib instead of Kala like in the 1987 TV series.
Although the after effects of the war left Michelangelo in a vulnerable position seeing as he was strict with Raphael when they were mourning Donnie's injuries.
Furthermore he was not afraid to confront Splinter when he had taken the orphans with him to prevent them from training as Foot ninja.
Michelangelo began the series with his trademark nunchaku as his weapons, but controversy surrounding the weapons in the United Kingdom led to scenes of their use being edited out of the local broadcast of the series.
He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street.
Still the comic relief, he often makes statements that spoof pop culture, although he uses less surfer slang than in the 1987 cartoon.
His trademark nunchaku are once again his primary weapon, but he has used other weapons such as grappling hooks and those of his brothers.
Unlike other incarnations, he was often more reluctant to fight and he often likes to tease and annoy his older brothers, especially Raphael, for whom Michelangelo is the foil.
In fact, a running gag is that whenever Michelangelo says or does something excessively outrageous and stupid, usually involving a catch-phrase from the 1987 show, one of his brothers (usually Raphael) will slap him on the head.
Other characters such as Master Splinter and the Ancient One have picked up on this habit but usually whenever he disobeys.
Raphael and Michelangelo mostly have a love-hate relationship in which Michelangelo frequently antagonizes Raphael (it especially hurts Raphael's pride that Michelangelo has bested him more than once, both times because Raphael's anger got in the way), but Raphael shows that he cares about him whenever he's in danger.
He also seems to be very close with Donatello, where the two are often paired together when Leonardo and Raphael are either arguing or training.
Donatello has also invented a hovercraft- a flying skateboard, at one point of time in Season 2 as means of keeping him quiet while Donatello himself worked.
When Mikey was a kid, he and his brothers went with Master Splinter to Japan to bury Master Yoshi's ashes next to his beloved.
While there they helped Master Splinter and the Ancient One win a fight against a ghost that was sent by the Foot Mystics to revive the Demon Shredder and that is when they gain their ninja masks.
Although, both Master Splinter and The Ancient One, say because of Michelangelo's lack of focus and interest in training, he will probably never meet his full potential.
Michelangelo also claims many times in this series that he wishes not to be so serious and focused like his eldest brother, Leonardo.
It is shown in activities such as training runs, fights, and training that Michelangelo clearly is the fastest of the four, in which is brothers are constantly having to catch up with him.
It also plays a role in the 1st season when Michelangelo and Raphael are fighting, that Michelangelo keeps taunting Raphael, but because of his speed, Raphael cannot tackle him.
This is true partly because Master Splinter always sends him off to do backflips or extra training as punishment for goofing off or losing focus.
Both of these abilities allow Michelangelo to taunt his opponents and beat them quickly without getting hurt by his opponent in the process.
He has shown innocent empathy for others as shown in particular by his adoption of Klunk the stray kitten, to whom he is very close and also by his relationship with Leatherhead.
It is his initial awareness of Leatherhead's humanity which ends up forging the bond between the crocodile and the other Turtles.
Leatherhead also appears to care greatly for Michelangelo and is distraught when he believes he has fatally injured him, but delighted to discover that his fears are unfounded when he finds out that the turtle is alive and well.
Although not shown as particularly focused on ninjutsu, preferring to spend his time reading comics or watching movies, he is quite an effective fighter and in the Season 2 finale, he became the Battle Nexus Champion, considered the best fighter in the multiverse.
However, he eventually gets tired of their laid-back attitudes and yells at them when they don't take the 2003 incarnation of Shredder seriously, proving even this version of Mikey has his limits to fooling around.
His character design was updated as well, making him slightly shorter than his brothers and giving him dark freckles as well as shorter tails on his mask.
His natural affinity for the martial arts is present with his ability to learn moves after seeing it only a few times.
Also, Mikey has a rare ability to see something off in people and mutants, shown when a Kraang robot of April’s mother, dub Mom thing, and with two of the Might Mutant Animals, Slash and Dr.Rockwell, after they escape capture from the Shredder.
Mikey seems to respect Leonardo and although there are few scenes with them interacting together in the first two seasons, it's clear that Leonardo cares about his youngest brother.
After Karai is captured by Shredder, Leo volunteers to go solo to find a way to help her, Mikey tags alongside him and assures he is there for him.
After Mikey escapes from inside the monster, Leo is overjoyed to see him alive and is proud of the work they have done.
Although Raph repeatedly gives Mikey a beat down for his antics (usually in the form of slapping him to make him shut up) he occasionally shows a more sensitive side when Mikey is feeling down.
This probably stems from the fact that although they are very different they both share a curiosity about things outside ninjutsu.
Although Mikey isn't the fastest of mind and has a tendency to make mistakes, it's very clear that all of his brothers care very deeply for him.
They all show great distress when he gets hurt or is in trouble, and anger at the one who threatens him, i.e.
More often than not, Raphael is the one to shout Mikey's name first and attack whoever has harmed his little brother, and was distraught when Mikey was injured during his (Raphael's) brief period as leader of the team.
than animals, he adopted a cat April found on the street after the cat ate some mutagen Mikey had spilled ice cream in, resulting in the arable and delicious Ice Cream Kitty; most likely this incarnation's version of Klunk.
Bearing this in mind, however, Michelangelo does not seem to have any special relationships with animals like he has done in other incarnations, though he still cares for animals deeply, as exhibited by his caring for April's chickens whilst the Turtles are at April's old farmhouse at the start of season 3.
In season 4, when traveling with his brothers, April, Casey, and a robot called the Fugitoid, Mikey's mind in invaded by microscopic aliens, but his brothers soon chase the robots in a strange world in Mikey's subconscious and soon defeat them, putting Mikey's mind back to normal.
Owing to his popularity with children, he is given many lines and comes up with several (slightly outrageous) plans to advance plots.
Unlike his other incarnations, the 2007 Mikey seems to draw the most emotional support from Donatello instead of his oldest brothers, Leonardo and Raphael.
Upon Leonardo's return from Central America, Mikey gives his oldest brother an enthusiastic hug, falling over the couch and tripping over furniture in his excitement.
Mikey's lively and innocent demeanor returns in full force when he is in the protective presence of his three brothers again, his good-natured jokes and brief commentaries lightening even in hard situations.
Clearly, despite the hardship that his family has recently experienced, Michelangelo has retained much of his usual goofy, laid-back personality and still remains the main form of funny.
He is not afraid to express his true feelings and also has a crush on April, who does not return the feelings to him.
In the video games based on the 1987 animated series, Michelangelo is virtually identical to Leonardo on every level except attack range.
However, to reflect his flashy personality, he was changed became the most agile Turtle in the video games based on the 2003 animated series while Raphael was the weakest.
While Leonardo is the default turtle outside the gear loadout, he, Raphael and Donatello can only be picked through the said loadout selection similar to the premier skin characters.
The Bay of Puck or Puck Bay (, ), is a shallow western branch of the Bay of Gdańsk in the southern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Gdańsk Pomerania, Poland.
Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year.
Astronomers need to be able to assign systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects, and at the same time give names to the most interesting objects and, where relevant, features of those objects.
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) is the officially recognized authority in astronomy for assigning designations to celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and minor planets, including any surface features on them.
In response to the need for unambiguous names for astronomical objects, it has created a number of systematic naming systems for objects of various sorts.
There are no more than a few thousand stars that appear sufficiently bright in Earth's sky to be visible to the naked eye.
The upper boundary to what is physiologically possible to be seen with the unaided eye is an apparent magnitude of 6, or about ten thousand stars.
With the advent of the increased light-gathering abilities of the telescope, many more stars became visible, far too many to all be given names.
The earliest naming system which is still popular is the Bayer designation using the name of constellations to identify the stars within them.
There have been many historical star catalogues, and new star catalogues are set up on a regular basis as new sky surveys are performed.
Different star catalogues then have different naming conventions for what goes after the initialism, but modern catalogs tend to follow a set of generic rules for the data formats used.
The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN (on 30 June and 20 July 2016) together with names of stars adopted by the IAU Executive Committee Working Group on Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites during the 2015 NameExoWorlds campaign and recognized by the WGSN.
The next additions were done on 1 February, 30 June, 5 September and 19 November 2017, and on 6 June 2018.
There are about two dozen stars such as Barnard's Star and Kapteyn's Star that have historic names and which were named in honor after astronomers.
As a result of the NameExoWorlds campaign in December 2015 the IAU approved the names Cervantes (honoring the writer Miguel de Cervantes) and Copernicus (honoring the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus) for the stars Mu Arae and 55 Cancri A, respectively.
With the advent of the increased light-gathering abilities of the telescope, many more stars became visible, far too many to all be given names.
Older catalogues either assigned an arbitrary number to each object, or used a simple systematic naming scheme based on the constellation the star lies in.
In this list, a star is identified by a lower-case letter of the Greek alphabet, followed by the Latin name of its parent constellation.
As the resolving power of telescopes increased, numerous objects that were thought to be a single object were found to be optical star systems that were too closely spaced in the sky to be discriminated by the human eye.
They are commonly used when no Bayer designation exists, or when the Bayer designation uses numeric superscripts such as in Rho¹ Cancri.
Most modern catalogues are generated by computers, using high-resolution, high-sensitivity telescopes, and as a result describe very large numbers of objects.
Objects in these catalogs are typically located with very high resolution, and assign designations to these objects based on their position in the sky.
Other black holes, such as Cygnus X-1 – a highly likely stellar black hole, are cataloged by their constellation and the order in which they were discovered.
A large number of black holes are designated by their position in the sky and prefixed with the instrument or survey that discovered them.
In recent years, several supernova discovery projects have retained their more distant supernova discoveries for in-house follow-up, and not reported them to CBAT.
Starting in 2015, CBAT has scaled back its efforts to publish assigned designations of typed supernovae: By September 2014, CBAT had published names and details of 100 supernovae discovered in that year.
Since 1885, the letter-suffixes are explicitly assigned, regardless whether only one supernova is detected during the entire year (although this has not occurred since 1947).
Driven by advances in technology and increases in observation time, there are hundreds of supernovae being reported every year to the IAU, with more than 500 reported In the record year of 2007.
At first, only the shapes of the patterns were defined, and the names and numbers of constellations varied from one star map to another.
In 1930, the boundaries of these constellations were fixed by Eugène Joseph Delporte and adopted by the IAU, so that now every point on the celestial sphere belongs to a particular constellation.
There are a few exceptions such as the Andromeda Galaxy, the Whirlpool Galaxy, and others, but most simply have a catalog number.
In the 19th century, the exact nature of galaxies was not yet understood, and the early catalogs simply grouped together open clusters, globular clusters, nebulas, and galaxies: the Messier catalog has 110 in total.
The New General Catalogue (NGC, J. L. E. Dreyer 1888) was much larger and contained nearly 8,000 objects, still mixing galaxies with nebulas and star clusters.
The Latin convention derives from the use of that language as an international scientific language by the first modern astronomers like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton and others and was used for a long time.
On the other hand, Pluto was considered to be a planet at the time of its discovery in 1930, as it was found beyond Neptune.
Under the criteria of classifying these Kuiper belt objects (KBOs), it became dubious whether Pluto would have been considered a planet had it been discovered in the 1990s.
Its mass is now known to be much smaller than once thought and, with the discovery of Eris, it is simply one of the two largest known trans-Neptunian objects.
In 2006, Pluto was therefore reclassified into a different class of astronomical bodies known as dwarf planets, along with Eris and others.
The process of naming them is organised by the IAU Executive Committee Working Group Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites.
The scientific nomenclature for the designations usually consists of a proper noun or abbreviation that often corresponds to the star's name, followed by a lowercase letter (starting with 'b'), like 51 Pegasi b.
For example, Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, is actually a double star, consisting of the naked-eye Sirius A and its dim white-dwarf companion Sirius B.
The first exoplanet tentatively identified around the second brightest star in the triple star system Alpha Centauri is accordingly called Alpha Centauri Bb.
The letter following the category and year identifies the planet (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune; although no occurrence of the other planets is expected, Mars and Mercury are disambiguated through the use of Hermes for the latter).
The Roman numbering system arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), in part to spite his rival Simon Marius, who had proposed the names now adopted, after his own proposal to name the bodies after members of the Medici family failed to win currency.
The unstated convention then became, at the close of the 19th century, that the numbers more or less reflected the order of discovery, except for prior historical exceptions (see the Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons).
In addition to naming planets and satellites themselves, the individual geological and geographical features such as craters, mountains, and volcanoes, on those planets and satellites also need to be named.
In the early days, only a very limited number of features could be seen on other Solar System bodies other than the Moon.
Craters on the Moon could be observed with even some of the earliest telescopes, and 19th-century telescopes could make out some features on Mars.
In 1919 the IAU was formed, and it appointed a committee to regularize the chaotic lunar and Martian nomenclatures then current.
The Martian nomenclature was clarified in 1958, when a committee of the IAU recommended for adoption the names of 128 albedo features (bright, dark, or colored) observed through ground-based telescopes (IAU, 1960).
These names were based on a system of nomenclature developed in the late 19th century by the Italian astronomer Giovanni V. Schiaparelli (1879) and expanded in the early 20th century by Eugene M. Antoniadi (1929), a Greek-born astronomer working at Meudon, France.
However, the age of space probes brought high-resolution images of various Solar System bodies, and it became necessary to propose naming standards for the features seen on them.
Initially, the names given to minor planets followed the same pattern as the other planets: names from Greek or Roman myths, with a preference for female names.
With the discovery in 1898 of the first body found to cross the orbit of Mars, a different choice was deemed appropriate, and 433 Eros was chosen.
As more and more discoveries were made over the years, this system was eventually recognized as being inadequate and a new one was devised.
When observed at least two nights and cannot be identified with an existing celestial object, minor planets are initially assigned provisional designations of the form 2001 KX (the first part is a year; the second part defines a sequential order of discovery within that year).
If enough sightings are obtained of the same minor planet to calculate an orbit, the object is assigned a sequential number—its 'designation'—and it can then be cited as, for instance, (28978) 2001 KX.
After the designation is assigned, the discoverer is given an opportunity to propose a name, which, if accepted by the IAU, replaces the provisional designation.
If a minor planet remains unnamed ten years after it has been given a designation, the right to name it is given also to identifiers of the various apparitions of the object, to discoverers at apparitions other than the official one, to those whose observations contributed extensively to the orbit determination, or to representatives of the observatory at which the official discovery was made.
The CSBN has the right to act on its own in naming a minor planet, which often happens when the number assigned to the body is an integral number of thousands.
In recent years, automated search efforts such as LINEAR or LONEOS have discovered so many thousands of new asteroids that the CSBN has officially limited naming to a maximum of two names per discoverer every two months.
Under IAU rules, names must be pronounceable, preferably one word (such as 5535 Annefrank), although exceptions are possible (such as 9007 James Bond), and since 1982, names are limited to a maximum of sixteen characters, including spaces and hyphens.
Names of people, companies or products known only for success in business are not accepted, nor are citations that resemble advertising.
Whimsical names can be used for relatively ordinary asteroids (such as 26858 Misterrogers or 274301 Wikipedia), but those belonging to certain dynamical groups are expected to follow more strictly defined naming schemes.
Similarly, the second known periodic comet, Comet Encke (formally designated 2P/Encke), was named after the astronomer, Johann Franz Encke, who had calculated its orbit rather than the original discoverer of the comet, Pierre Méchain.
In recent years, many comets have been discovered by instruments operated by large teams of astronomers, and in this case, comets may be named for the instrument (for example, Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock (C/1983 H1) was discovered independently by the IRAS satellite and amateur astronomers Genichi Araki and George Alcock).
The spaces, apostrophes and other characters in discoverer names are preserved in comet names, like 32P/Comas Solà, 6P/d'Arrest, 53P/Van Biesbroeck, Comet van den Bergh (1974g), 66P/du Toit, or 57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte.
Once an orbit had been established, the comet was given a permanent designation in order of time of perihelion passage, consisting of the year followed by a Roman numeral.
Increasing numbers of comet discoveries made this procedure difficult to operate, and in 2003 the IAU's Committee on Small Body Nomenclature approved a new naming system, and in 2004 the IAU approved a new designation system.
Comets are now designated by the year of their discovery followed by a letter indicating the half-month of the discovery (A denotes the first half of January, B denotes the second Half of January, C denotes the first half of February, D denotes the second half of February, etcetera) and a number indicating the order of discovery.
Objects on hyperbolic orbits that do not show cometary activity also receive an A/ designation (example: A/2018 C2, which became C/2018 C2 (Lemmon) when cometary activity was detected).
Fifty years later, deciding he needed a rest from the business (he planned a cruise around the world with his wife), he again said it in a Coventry theatre, for the last time.
Born in Rotherham, Yorkshire, England, in 1900, he attended White's school in Masbrough where he helped his mother (stage name of Lily le Maine) to put on a marionette show.
At age nine, she put him in a velvet suit with a lace collar and he went on stage and sang.
During this part of his career he was associated with the singer Gracie Fields, and released several records where he collaborated with her.
He made a total of eighty five 78rpm records between 1929 and 1942, mostly double-sided sketches with him in various occupations.
He said in a 1982 interview that he used his stage work to advertise the records, rather than the other way about, though it was later said of him that his records introduced him so wherever he went to put on a show, they already knew him.
Powell said that the catchphrase originated on an occasion when he had dropped his script and was killing time at the microphone while rearranging the pages.
Aged 21 at the time, Pat Phoenix was brought in to play Sandy's wife and played four parts in the film.
He performed with his Starlight company in the Eastbourne Pier theatre for over fifteen seasons in the 1950s and 1960s, earning himself the sobriquet 'Mr Eastbourne', and he was still performing occasionally up to his death in 1982.
After being on stage for a few weeks with a series of awful ventriloquists, he bought a dummy himself and did his own act as a ventriloquist.
He was still well-known enough to have a pub in his home town of Rotherham dedicated to him in 1970 and was awarded the MBE in 1975.
For a day or two, he thought he had bad indigestion but it was worse than he realised and he died of a heart attack on 26 June 1982.
By the 13th century the village became one of the most important trade centres of the area, competing with the nearby town of Gdańsk.
However, during the 15th century the peninsula started to shrink through marine erosion and soon the town was moved to a safer place.
In 1466 King Casimir IV of Poland granted the town as a fief to the rulers of Gdańsk, which ended the century-long struggle for economical domination over the Gdańsk Bay.
In 1526 King Sigismund I the Old withdrew all privileges previously granted to Hel and sold the town and the peninsula to the city authorities of Gdańsk.
It was severely depopulated and in 1872 the government of the newly formed German state abolished the city rights granted to Hel six centuries previously.
It provided a shelter for fishing vessels, but also became a popular destination for weekend trips of the inhabitants of Danzig and Zoppot.
The authorities of the Pomeranian Voivodeship also planned to build a road to the village, but the peninsula was found too narrow at the time.
The naval base was expanded significantly and a battery of coastal artillery was built to provide cover for the military facilities.
Shortly before capitulation, Polish military engineers detonated a number of torpedo warheads, which separated the peninsula from the mainland transforming it into an island.
At the end of the war the village was the last part of Polish soil to be liberated: the German units encircled there only surrendered on 14 May 1945, six days after Germany had capitulated.
In 1996 the Polish Navy sold all remaining parts of the peninsula to the civilian authorities and only a small naval base is there today.
The harbour now serves primarily as a yacht marina, though there are some fishing boats and ferries to Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia in the summer.
Hel houses a sea life biological laboratory and there are interesting examples of naval armament and equipment exhibited throughout the town.
There is popular beach along the shore between the inner and outer harbour walls, with a seal sanctuary (the Fokarium) just behind it.
The most easterly edge of Hel, which was once a military territory, can now be accessed by the general public making it possible to walk all the way around the peninsula.
During his minority, his mother, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Somerset held his lands for him until he reached the age of 15.
When Henry was seventeen, he was placed under the command of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, his uncle, at the Siege of Rouen during the Hundred Years' War where he, as well as a number of other nobles, met his demise, although the exact reasons of his death are unknown.
The width of the peninsula varies from approximately 300 m near Jurata, through 100 m in the most narrow part to over 3 km at the tip.
Until the 17th century the peninsula was a chain of islands that formed a strip of land only during the summer.
A road and a railroad run along the peninsula from the mainland to the town located at the furthest point, Hel, a popular tourist destination.
After the peninsula became part of the Second Polish Republic after World War I, it acquired considerable military significance (Polish Corridor), and was turned into a fortified region, with a garrison of about 3,000.
In the course of the Battle of Hel in 1939, Polish forces dynamited the peninsula at one point, turning it into an island.
During the years of German occupation (1939–1945), Hel's defenses were further expanded, and a battery of three 40.6 cm SK C/34 gun was constructed, though the guns were soon moved to the Atlantic Wall in occupied France.
The peninsula remained in German hands until the end of World War II, when the defending forces surrendered on May 14, 1945, six days after Germany had capitulated.
After the war, when Hel again became part of Poland, it continued to have military significance, with much of its area reserved for military use.
Today many of the fortifications and batteries are open to tourists, though some areas of the peninsula still belong to the Polish Armed Forces.
Its 15,522 inhabitants (2011) make it the second most populous Adriatic island after Krk and the most populous Croatian island not connected to the mainland by a bridge.
The island of Korčula belongs to the central Dalmatian archipelago, separated from the Pelješac peninsula by a narrow Strait of Pelješac, between wide.
The climate is Mediterranean; an average air temperature in January is and in July ; the average annual rainfall is .
The main road runs along the spine of the island connecting all settlements from Lumbarda on the eastern to Vela Luka on the western end, with the exception of Račišće, which is served by a separate road running along the northern coast.
There is archaeological evidence at the sites of Vela Spila (Big Cave) and at Jakas Cave near the village of Zrnovo.
A stone inscription found in Lumbarda (Lumbarda Psephisma) and which is the oldest written stone monument in Croatia, records that Greek settlers from Issa (Vis) founded another colony on the island in the 3rd century BC.
Along the Dalmatian coast the Croatian peoples poured out of the interior and seized control of the area where the Neretva River enters the Adriatic, as well as the island of Korčula (Corcyra), which protects the river mouth.
The Christianisation of the Croats began in the 9th century, but the early Croatian rural inhabitants of the island may well have fully accepted Christianity only later; in the early Middle Ages the Croatian population of the island was grouped with the pagan Narentines or Neretvians, who quickly learned maritime skills in this new environment and became known as pirates.
Initially, Venetian merchants were willing to pay an annual tribute to keep their shipping safe from the infamous Neretvian pirates of the Dalmatian coast.
Around this time, the local Korčula rulers began to exercise diplomacy and legislate a town charter to secure the independence of the island, particularly with regard to internal affairs, given its powerful neighbors.
The brothers of Stephen Nemanja, Miroslav and Stracimir, launched an attack on the island on 10 August 1184, raiding its fertile western part.
It guaranteed the autonomy of the island, apart from her outside rulers: the Grand Principality of Raška, the semi-independent Great Principality of Zahumlje and the Republics of Ragusa and Venice.
During the 13th century the hereditary Counts of Korčula were loosely governed in turn by the Hungarian crown and by the Republic of Genoa, and also enjoyed a brief period of independence; but, in 1255, Marsilio Zorzi conquered the island's city and razed or damaged some of its churches in the process, forcing the Counts to return to Venetian supreme rule.
What is more definite is that the Republic of Genoa defeated Venice in the documented Battle of Curzola off the coast of Korčula in 1298 and a galley commander, Marco Polo, was taken prisoner by the victors to eventually spend his time in a Genoese prison writing of his travels.
In 1333, as the Republic of Ragusa purchased Ston with Pelješac from the Serbian Empire, the suzerainty of Ston's Roman Catholic Church with the peninsula was given to the Bishopric of Korčula.
Curzola, as the Venetians called it, surrendered to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1358 according to the Treaty of Zadar, but it surrendered to the Bosnian King Stefan Tvrtko I in the Summer of 1390.
However the Kingdom of Hungary restored rule of the island, and in December 1396 Croatian-Hungarian King Sigismund gave it to Đurađ II Stracimirović of the Balšić dynasty of Zeta, who kept it up to his death in 1403, when it was returned under the Hungarian crown.
In 1409 it again became a part of the Venetian Republic, purchased by the neighbouring Republic of Venice in 1413–1417, it still declared itself subjected to Venice in 1420.
Korčula had for years supplied the timber for the wooden walls of Venice, and had been a favourite station of her fleets.
According to the Treaty of Campoformio in 1797 in which the Venetian Republic was divided between the French Republic and the Habsburg Monarchy, Korčula passed on to the Habsburg Monarchy.
The Montenegrin Forces of Prince-Episcope Peter I Njegos conquered the island with Russian naval assistance in 1807 during his attempt to construct another Serbian Empire.
The defeat of Austria however at the battle of Wagram in 1809 had put most of the Adriatic under French control.
According to the terms of the Congress of Vienna, the British left the island to the Austrian Empire in 1815 on July 19 in terms of the Congress of Vienna.
During the First World War, the island (among other territorial gains) was promised to the Kingdom of Italy in the 1915 Treaty of London in return for Italy joining the war on the side of Great Britain and France.
However, after the war, Korčula became a part (with the rest of Dalmatia) of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in 1918.
It was ruled by Italy from 1918 to 1921, after which it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known from 1929 on as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
After the Armistice between Italy and the Allied powers in September 1943, it was briefly held by the Yugoslav Partisans who enjoyed considerable support in the region.
The state changed the name to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1953, and so did the Republic into Socialist Republic of Croatia.
The Korkyra Baroque Festival is a new annual international event, which will be launched from the 7th to 16 September 2012.
The festival will showcase a selection of the world's leading ensembles and soloists specialized in Baroque music, including the Academy of Ancient Music (Great Britain), Le Parlament de Musique (France), Currende and Erik Van Nevel (Belgium), La Venexiana (Italy), Red Priest (Great Britain), (Croatia) and others.
Along with the festival's high artistic credentials the event will also promote the richness of Korčula's cultural monuments and the whole town as a unique architectural treasure.
Korčula is linked to the mainland by a regular ferry service that runs between Dominče, just outside Korčula Town and Orebić.
The main Croatian ferry operator Jadrolinija runs a service linking Korčula Town with Rijeka, Split, Hvar, Mljet, Dubrovnik and (from May to September) Bari.
There are also bus services that link the island to major cities on the mainland, which reach Korčula using the Orebić ferry service.
The port is open to international seaborne traffic as a permanent Port of entry; it offers all types of repairs to hulls and engines at the Brodograditelj Shipyard.
When all these factors are present, the result is a repeatable, near perfect pattern of eight symmetrical arrows in the face-up position of the stone (called 'crown') and eight symmetrical hearts when viewed in the table-down position (called 'pavilion').
The original Hearts and Arrows were diamonds that surfaced in the mid 1980s in Japan that embodied three important design factors.
The third important factor was that they were cut to a very specific brilliantine scheme to produce the accepted hearts and arrows pattern.
This faceting scheme involves prescribed lengths and ratios as well as smaller table sizes that are imperative in producing a distinctive, repeatable and gradable hearts and arrows pattern.
This is in large part due to the greater amount of rough diamond that necessitates additional polishing to create diamonds with this precise optical symmetry.
Diamond polishers take up to three times longer to cut diamonds of this cut quality, with much greater waste of the original diamond rough material.
Using specialized tooling and high quality cutting wheels and in some cases 100X magnification, factories must employ careful analysis through every stage of production.
To see the hearts and arrows pattern in a diamond, a specially designed light-directing viewer called a Hearts and Arrows scope.
This hearts and arrows viewer is a simple device that allows the viewer to analyze the physical symmetry, contrast and alignment of facets of a diamond by viewing the stone through both the top (crown) and bottom (pavilion) of a diamond, by directing white and colored light at set angles in order to catch and reflect light back from specific facets and angles of the diamond.
In the early 1990s, Hearts and Arrows (aka H&A) began to appear in America, they were much more high-tech than the grading labs were.
The diamonds were extremely round, tables were 55-57%, the girdles were medium or thin to medium and polish and symmetry were graded excellent.
HRD (Hoge Raad voor de Diamant) applies objective criteria and uses an automatic measuring device developed in-house to determine whether a diamond meets the stringent Hearts & Arrows standard.
The WTOCD (Wetenschappelijk technish Onderzoeks Centrum voor Diamant) is one of the most important scientific and technical research centers for diamonds.
Diamonds with a Hearts and Arrows cut command a price premium in the world's market, reflecting the generally greater time needed to produce them and the greater loss of weight from rough, as well as their generally better overall cut quality.
Although the «Hearts and Arrows» property is indicative of a top-tier cut, it does not always mean the diamond will be the most brilliant, and should be looked at in conjunction with the cut grade.
Because there used to be no industry standard, one person or company may say a diamond is a Hearts and Arrows diamond while another may say it is not.
Many within the diamond industry believe the Hearts and Arrows pattern should be graded, and only those with the top grade should be called Hearts and Arrows.
Those people believe that the mere presence of a Hearts and Arrows pattern is not sufficient to be considered a Hearts and Arrows diamond; the pattern must be perfect to fit within certain guidelines.
The diamond industry is still somewhat behind the latest technological advances in hearts and arrows precise optical symmetry and thus have not established firm criteria for evaluating stones on this level.
For consumers looking to purchase stones of this cut quality it is best to review hearts and arrows images under a H&A viewer.
William Thomas Berry (born July 31, 1958) is a retired American musician who was the drummer for the alternative rock band R.E.M.
Although best known for his solid, economical drumming style, Berry also played other instruments including guitar, bass guitar, and piano, both for songwriting and on R.E.M.
After 17 years with the band, Berry left the music industry to become a farmer, and has since maintained a low profile, making sporadic reunions with R.E.M.
At the age of three years, Berry moved with his family to Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee, where they would remain for the next seven years.
In 1972, the Berry family made their final move, to Macon, Georgia, just in time for Bill to start high school at Mount de Sales Academy.
They rented an apartment on Arlington Place in Macon and Bill landed a job at the Paragon booking agency next door.
In addition to his duties as a drummer, Berry contributed occasional guitar, bass, mandolin, vocals, keyboards and piano on studio tracks.
He recovered and rejoined the band, but left in October 1997, saying that he no longer had the drive or enjoyment level to be in the band, and that he wanted a career change.
They continued to tour with several accompanying musicians, including long-time sidemen Ken Stringfellow and Scott McCaughey and employed Joey Waronker and Bill Rieflin as live drummers.
Prior to the group's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Berry granted his first interview in several years, discussing life after retirement.
On 16 March 1836 she married Lord John Douglas Scott, a younger son of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch, and consequently was known as Lady John Scott.
Under the will of her father, she resumed her maiden name Spottiswoode in 1866, and was sometimes known as Lady John Scott Spottiswoode.
Lady John Scott was a champion of traditional Scots language, history and culture, her motto being 'Haud [hold] fast by the past'.
Powell has been a frequent collaborator with directors Martin Scorsese and Todd Haynes, having designed the costumes for seven of Scorsese's films and four of Haynes's.
Powell left Central School of Art in London, before completing her degree, due to offers of work from, amongst others, Derek Jarman.
She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to the film industry.
A vanishing point is a point on the image plane of a perspective drawing where the two-dimensional perspective projections (or drawings) of mutually parallel lines in three-dimensional space appear to converge.
Mathematically, let be a point lying on the image plane, where is the focal length (of the camera associated with the image), and let be the unit vector associated with , where .
If we consider a straight line in space with the unit vector and its vanishing point , the unit vector associated with is equal to , assuming both are assumed to point towards the image plane.
When the image plane is parallel to two world-coordinate axes, lines parallel to the axis which is cut by this image plane will have images that meet at a single vanishing point.
Similarly, when the image plane intersects two world-coordinate axes, lines parallel to those planes will meet form two vanishing points in the picture plane.
In three-point perspective the image plane intersects the , , and axes and therefore lines parallel to these axes intersect, resulting in three different vanishing points.
It says that the image in a picture plane of a line in space, not parallel to the picture, is determined by its intersection with and its vanishing point.
She notes, in terms of projective geometry, the vanishing point is the image of the point at infinity associated with , as the sightline from through the vanishing point is parallel to .
As a vanishing point originates in a line, so a vanishing line originates in a plane that is not parallel to the picture .
Given the eye point , and the plane parallel to and lying on , then the vanishing line of is .
For example, when is the ground plane and is the horizon plane, then the vanishing line of is the horizon line .
To put it simply, the vanishing line of some plane, say , is obtained by the intersection of the image plane with another plane, say , parallel to the plane of interest (), passing through the camera center.
the vanishing point associated with that pair, on a horizon line, or vanishing line formed by the intersection of the image plane with the plane parallel to and passing through the pinhole.
All vanishing points associated with different lines with different slopes belonging to plane will lie on the axis, which in this case is the horizon line.
Let , , and be three mutually orthogonal straight lines in space and , , be the three corresponding vanishing points respectively.
Let , , and be three mutually orthogonal straight lines in space and , , be the three corresponding vanishing points respectively.
The orthocenter of the triangle with vertices in the three vanishing points is the intersection of the optical axis and the image plane.
In 5-point perspective the vanishing points are mapped into a circle with 4 vanishing points at the cardinal headings N, W, S, E and one at the circle's origin.
The first step, called the accumulation step, as the name suggests, clusters the line segments with the assumption that a cluster will share a common vanishing point.
Barnard assumed this space to be a Gaussian sphere centered on the optical center of the camera as an accumulator space.
A line segment on the image corresponds to a great circle on this sphere, and the vanishing point in the image is mapped to a point.
Several modifications have been made since, but one of the most efficient techniques was using the Hough Transform, mapping the parameters of the line segment to the bounded space.
The process of mapping from the image to the bounded spaces causes the loss of the actual distances between line segments and points.
This is followed by removal of those line segments, and the search step is repeated until this count goes below a certain threshold.
Ticker tape was the earliest electrical dedicated financial communications medium, transmitting stock price information over telegraph lines, in use from around 1870 through 1970.
It consisted of a paper strip that ran through a machine called a stock ticker, which printed abbreviated company names as alphabetic symbols followed by numeric stock transaction price and volume information.
The concept of the stock ticker lives on, however, in the scrolling electronic tickers seen on brokerage walls and on news and financial television channels.
Although telegraphic printing systems were first invented by Royal Earl House in 1846, early models were fragile, required hand-cranked power, frequently went out of synchronization between sender and receiver, and did not become popular in widespread commercial use.
David E. Hughes improved the printing telegraph design with clockwork weight power in 1856, and his design was further improved and became viable for commercial use when George M. Phelps devised a resynchronization system in 1858.
The first stock price ticker system using a telegraphic printer was invented by Edward A. Calahan in 1863; he unveiled his device in New York City on November 15, 1867.
One of the earliest practical stock ticker machines, the Universal Stock Ticker developed by Thomas Edison in 1869, used alphanumeric characters with a printing speed of approximately one character per second.
Since the useful time-span of individual quotes is very brief, they generally had not been sent long distances; aggregated summaries, typically for one day, were sent instead.
Since the ticker ran continuously, updates to a stock's price whenever the price changed became effective much faster and trading became a more time-sensitive matter.
In 1890, members of the exchange agreed to create the New York Quotation Co., buying up all other ticker companies to ensure accuracy of reporting of price and volume activity.
Stock ticker machines are an ancestor of the modern computer printer, being one of the first applications of transmitting text over a wire to a printing device, based on the printing telegraph.
This used the technology of the then-recently invented telegraph machines, with the advantage that the output was readable text, instead of the dots and dashes of Morse code.
A special typewriter designed for operation over telegraph wires was used at the opposite end of the telegraph wire connection to the ticker machine.
Pulses on the telegraph line made a letter wheel turn step by step until the correct symbol was reached and then printed.
A typical 32-symbol letter wheel had to turn on average 15 steps until the next letter could be printed resulting in a very slow printing speed of one character per second.
In 1883, ticker transmitter keyboards resembled the keyboard of a piano with black keys indicating letters and the white keys indicating numbers and fractions, corresponding to two rotating type wheels in the connected ticker tape printers.
Newer and more efficient tickers became available in the 1930s, but these newer and better tickers still had an approximate 15-to-20-minute delay.
Simulated ticker displays, named after the original machines, still exist as part of the display of television news channels and on some websites—see news ticker.
One of the most famous outdoor displays is the simulated ticker scrolling marquee located at One Times Square in New York City.
Many today include color to indicate whether a stock is trading higher than the previous day’s (green), lower than previous (red), or has remained unchanged (blue or white).
In the early days of baseball, before electronic scoreboards, manual score turners used a ticker to get the latest scores from around the league.
Used ticker tape was used as confetti, to be thrown from the windows above parades either cut up into scraps or thrown as whole spools, primarily in lower Manhattan; this became known as a ticker tape parade.
Ticker tape parades generally celebrated some significant event, such as the end of World War I and World War II, or the safe return of one of the early astronauts.
However, actual ticker tape is not used during these parades any longer; often, pieces of paper from paper shredders are used as a convenient source of confetti.
Lorenzo’s oil is 4 parts glycerol trioleate and 1 part glycerol trierucate, which are the triacylglycerol forms of oleic acid and erucic acid and are prepared from olive oil and rapeseed oil.
The oil was formulated by Augusto and Michaela Odone after their son Lorenzo was diagnosed with the disease in 1984, at the age of five, with the actual production initially developed by retired British scientist Don Suddaby (formerly of Croda International).
The royalties received by Augusto were paid to The Myelin Project which he and Michaela founded to further research treatments for ALD and similar disorders.
Lorenzo Odone died on May 30, 2008, at the age of 30, after suffering from aspiration pneumonia, caused by food getting stuck in his lungs.
The mixture of fatty acids purportedly reduces the levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are elevated in ALD.
Lorenzo's oil, in combination with a diet low in VLCFA, has been investigated for its possible effects on the progression of ALD.
Clinical results have been mixed and the use of Lorenzo's oil has been controversial due to uncertainties regarding its clinical efficacy and the clinical indications for its use.
In 2005, Moser published a controlled study concluding that Lorenzo's oil does not alter the course of the illness in symptomatic patients, but asymptomatic patients had a reduced risk of developing ALD while on the dietary therapy.
Moser's findings, that Lorenzo's oil did not help symptomatic ALD patients, are consistent with prior studies published in 2003 and 1999.
A study by Poulos published in 1994 found that Lorenzo's oil is of limited value in correcting the accumulation of saturated VLCFAs in the brain of patients with ALD.
Dietary manipulation using Lorenzo's oil has been shown to lower blood levels of very long chain fatty acids, but it is ineffective in symptomatic ALD.
However, studies by Hugo Moser have found evidence that use of the oil by asymptomatic patients may slightly delay the onset of symptoms.
When he was 21 years old, Vytas moved to Tennessee to study at the University of Tennessee's Music Conservatory, where he was a pupil of David Van Vactor.
Later, at college in Nashville, Vytas took post-graduate courses in Electronic music with Professor Gilbert Trythall, and graduated with honors in 1972.
Brenner recorded several remarkable LPs, each one a breakthrough, as he was in fact developing a new genre in giant leaps.
All the while, Brenner was a very successful studio musician, composing and performing in countless radio jingles, TV commercials and presidential campaigns.
Brenner died on 18 March 2004 of a heart attack in Salzburg, Austria at the age of 57, while recording music for an upcoming CD.
The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g.
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, then known as Akkerman, and Khotyn) on the Dniester, two forts on the Danube and three forts on the north border of medieval Moldova.
Between 1543 and 1546 under the rule of Peter IV Rareș, the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances.
The Soroca Fort is an important attraction in Soroca, having preserved cultures and kept the old Soroca in the present day.
After a tour as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1830 he became Secretary at War again in Sir Robert Peel's cabinet.
He went on to be Governor-General of India at the time of the First Anglo-Sikh War and then Commander-in-Chief of the Forces during the Crimean War.
Born the son of the Reverend Henry Hardinge, Rector of Stanhope, and Frances Hardinge (née Best) and educated at Durham School and Sevenoaks School, Hardinge entered the British Army on 23 July 1799 as an ensign in the Queen's Rangers, a corps then stationed in Upper Canada.
He was promoted to lieutenant by purchase in the 4th Regiment of Foot on 27 March 1802 and transferred to the 1st Regiment of Foot on 11 July 1803 before becoming a captain of a company by purchase in the 57th Regiment of Foot on 21 April 1804.
He saw action at the Battle of Roliça on 17 August 1808, at the Battle of Vimeiro on 21 August 1808, where he was wounded, and at Corunna on 16 January 1809 where he was by the side of Sir John Moore when the latter was killed.
He was promoted to major on 13 April 1809 and appointed deputy-quartermaster-general in the Portuguese army and was present at many of the battles of the Peninsular War.
Promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1811, he saved the day for the British at Battle of Albuera on 16 May 1811 by taking responsibility at a critical moment and strongly urging General Cole's division to advance.
He took part in the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813, where he was wounded again, and was also present at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813 and the Battle of Nivelle on 10 November 1813.
He commanded the Portuguese brigade at the Battle of Orthez on 27 February 1814 and the Battle of Toulouse on 10 April 1814.
Attached to the staff of the allied Prussian Army under Marshal Blucher, he was present at the Battle of Ligny on 16 June 1815, where he lost his left hand by a shot, and thus was not present at Waterloo two days later.
On 4 April 1823 he was appointed Clerk of the Ordnance and on 9 June 1828 he accepted the office of Secretary at War in Wellington's ministry.
Returned as Member of Parliament for St Germans in 1830, for Newport in 1831 and for Launceston in 1832, he served as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1830 and 1834 to 1835.
After further British successes at the Battle of Sobraon on 10 February 1846, the Battle of Ferozeshah on 21 December 1845 and the Battle of Aliwal on 28 January 1846, Hardinge concluded the campaign with the Treaty of Lahore with Maharajah Duleep Singh on 9 March 1846 and the Treaty of Amritsar with Maharajah Gulab Singh on 16 March 1846.
Recognising an annuity of £5000 being paid by the East India Company, Parliament provided that Viscount Hardinge should continue to receive his full salary as Governor General.
Hardinge returned to England in 1848, and became Master-General of the Ordnance on 5 March 1852; he succeeded the Duke of Wellington as commander-in-chief of the British Army on 28 September 1852.
While in this position he had responsibility for the direction of the Crimean War, which he endeavoured to conduct on Wellington's principles — a system not altogether suited to the changed mode of warfare.
Albert helped him to a sofa, where despite being paralysed on one side, he continued to deliver his report, apologizing for the interruption.
He was also colonel of the 97th Regiment of Foot from 4 March 1833 and of the 57th Regiment of Foot from 31 May 1843.
Hardinge resigned his office of commander-in-chief in July 1856, owing to failing health, and died on 24 September 1856 at South Park near Tunbridge Wells.
Open communion is the practice of some Protestant Churches of allowing members and non-members to receive the Eucharist (also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper).
Many but not all churches that practice open communion require that the person receiving communion be a baptized Christian, and other requirements may apply as well.
Open communion is the opposite of closed communion, where the sacrament is reserved for members of the particular church or others with which it is in a relationship of full communion or fellowship, or has otherwise recognized for that purpose.
Generally, churches that offer open communion to other Christians do not require an explicit affirmation of Christianity from the communicant before distributing the elements; the act of receiving is an implicit affirmation.
However, it is also practiced in some churches that have a communion procession, where the congregation comes forward to receive communion in front of the altar; such is the case in the United Methodist Church, the Episcopal Church, most Anglican churches, and some Lutheran churches.
Those practising open communion generally believe that the invitation to receive communion is an invitation to Christ's table, and that it is not the province of human beings to interfere between an individual and Christ.
Some traditions maintain that there are certain circumstances under which individuals should not present themselves for (and should voluntarily refrain from receiving) communion.
Most churches in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America practise their own form of open communion, offering the Eucharist to adults without receiving catechetical instruction, provided they are baptized and believe in the Real Presence.
Notable exceptions include the Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, Reformed Seventh Day Adventists, traditional Lutheran churches, and some Reformed Protestant or Calvinist denominations (in which you must be a baptized member).
it is not for the minister, elders/deacons, or members to decide who may or may not partake); thus, the practice is more akin to open communion.
Assemblies of God, Baptist and other churches that practise congregational polity, due to their autonomous nature, may (depending on the individual congregation) practise open or closed communion.
The LDS Church, on the other hand, views its corresponding ceremony (known as the Sacrament) as having meaning only for church members (though without actually forbidding others from participating).
In the Anglican Communion, as well as in many other traditional Christian denominations, those who are not baptized may come forward in the communion line with their arms crossed over their chest, in order to receive a blessing from the priest, in lieu of Holy Communion.
Within the Nontrinitarian groups, the Church of God General Conference practices open communion, as well as many Unitarian and Universalist Christian churches such as Kings Chapel in Boston, Massachusetts.
In lieu of Holy Communion, some parishes invite non-Catholics to come forward in the line, with their arms crossed over their chest, and receive a blessing from the priest.
However, Canon 844 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law of the Latin Church and the parallel canon 671 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches also recognizes that in certain circumstances, by way of exception, and under certain conditions, access to these sacraments may be permitted, or even commended, for Christians of other Churches and ecclesial Communities.
For other baptized Christians (such as Anglicans, Methodists and other Protestants) under the jurisdiction of other episcopal conferences, the conditions are more severe.
Only in danger of death or if, in the judgment of the local bishop, there is a grave and pressing need, may members of these Churches who cannot approach a minister of their own Church be invited to receive the Eucharist, if they spontaneously ask for it, demonstrate that they have the catholic faith in the Eucharist, and are properly disposed.
Notably, Pope John Paul II gave Holy Communion to Brother Roger, a Reformed pastor and founder of the Taizé Community, several times; in addition Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) also gave Brother Roger the Eucharist.
The Catholic Church does not allow its own faithful to receive Communion from ministers of another Church, apart from in extreme cases, such as danger of death, and only if it recognizes the validity of the sacraments of that Church.
Other conditions are that it be physically or morally impossible for the Catholic to approach a Catholic minister, that it be a case of real need or spiritual benefit, and that the danger of error or indifferentism be avoided.
Some branches of Lutheranism, such as the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, do not practice open communion; they exclude non-members and require catechetical instructions for all people, even members from other Lutheran churches, before receiving the Eucharist.
This generally stems from an understanding that sharing communion is a sign of Christian unity; where that unity is not present, neither should Eucharistic sharing be present.
Other parts of the Lutheran Church, including the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada, and many members of the Lutheran World Federation, practice open communion and welcome all Baptized Christians, regardless of their denominational affiliation, training, or specific beliefs, to the table.
In fact, the ELCA has specific communion sharing agreements with a number of other Christian denominations, encouraging the sharing of the sacrament across belief system boundaries.
The understanding that lies behind this practice is that Communion is both a foretaste of eschatological Christian unity as well as an effective means of fostering that unity.
The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas () was the name given to present-day Djibouti between 1967 and 1977, while it was still an overseas territory of France.
In 1958, on the eve of neighboring Somalia's independence in 1960, a referendum was held in the territory to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France.
The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, partly due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans.
The majority of those who had voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council.
In October 1960, he and several of his associates died in a plane crash under mysterious circumstances on a return trip from China to Somalia.
In August of the same year, an official visit to the territory by then French President, General Charles de Gaulle, was also met with demonstrations and rioting.
Voting was also divided along ethnic lines, with the resident Somalis generally voting for independence, with the goal of eventual reunion with Somalia, and the Afars largely opting to remain associated with France.
However, the referendum was again marred by reports of vote rigging on the part of the French authorities, with some 10,000 Somalis deported under the pretext that they did not have valid identity cards.
According to the UN, there was an inordinate number of invalid ballots in Somali districts, which it suggested implied that the plebiscite had been manipulated.
Although the territory was at the time inhabited by 58,240 Somali and 48,270 Afar, official figures indicated that only 14,689 Somali were allowed to register to vote versus 22,004 Afar.
Somali representatives also charged that the French had simultaneously imported thousands of Afar nomads from neighboring Ethiopia to further tip the odds in their favor, but the French authorities denied this, suggesting that Afars already greatly outnumbered Somalis on the voting lists.
This was both in acknowledgement of the large Afar constituency and to downplay the significance of the Somali composition (the Issa being a Somali sub-clan).
The French Territory of Afars and Issas also differed from French Somaliland in terms of government structure, as the position of Governor General changed to that of High Commissioner.
With a steadily enlarging Somali population, the likelihood of a third referendum appearing successful for the French had grown even dimmer.
The prohibitive cost of maintaining the colony, France's last outpost on the continent, was another factor that compelled observers to doubt that the French would attempt to hold on to the territory.
Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali politician who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as the nation's first president (1977–1999).
While at Harvard, he was a member of the Hasty Pudding Institute of 1770, Stylus, Iroquois and Fly Clubs, as well as a member of the Harvard hockey team.
It was through the Society of Friends that Albert and Sylvia came to house two of the Hiroshima Maidens: young Japanese women, severely disfigured by the effects of the atomic bomb, who were brought to the United States to undergo plastic surgery in 1955.
Bigelow became involved with the American Friends Service Committee in the mid-1950s, attempting to deliver a 17,411 signature petition, opposing atmospheric nuclear tests, to the White House via Maxwell M. Rabb, Cabinet Secretary.
On August 6, 1957, on the 12th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima, Bigelow and twelve other members of the newly formed Committee for Non-Violent Action were arrested when they attempted to enter the Camp Mercury nuclear test site in Nevada, as part of a nonviolent vigil against the testing.
A second attempt on June 4 was also unsuccessful - the crew were arrested, charged with contempt of court and sentenced to sixty days in jail.
Earle L. Reynolds was an anthropologist who had visited Hiroshima to study the effects of the atomic bomb on Japanese society.
Bigelow's story would go on to inspire fellow Quaker Marie Bohlen to suggest the use of a similar tactic to members of the Vancouver-based Don't Make a Wave Committee (later to become Greenpeace) in 1970.
Bigelow continued to take part in non-violent protests during the late 1950s and early 1960s, and was a participant in the Freedom Rides organized by the Congress on Racial Equality in 1961.
In his later years, from 1971 to 1975, he was a trustee to The Meeting School, a Quaker school in Rindge, New Hampshire.
She, however, had resumed her affair with Harry Crosby within two months of their marriage, and then, on 10 December that year she and Crosby were found dead in an apparent murder suicide.
Southeast Texas includes part of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and most of the Texas portion of the Intracoastal Waterway.
The area is also crossed by numerous rivers and streams, the largest three being the Sabine River, the Neches River, and the Trinity River.
The only large bodies of water in Southeast Texas are Galveston Bay and Sabine Lake, but the large reservoirs of East Texas are just to the North.
The Piney Woods extend into the Northern parts of Southeast Texas, reaching as far south as the rice paddies and marshlands that lie between Houston and Beaumont.
The highest point on the coast is at High Island, where a salt dome raises the elevation to around 40feet (12m).
Toward Central Texas, the mixed pine and hardwood forests give way to the East Central Texas forests of post oak and grasslands.
Some residents of the Golden Triangle do not consider the Greater Houston area to be part of Southeast Texas and place the western boundary of the region approximately at the Trinity River, which is roughly 30 miles from downtown Houston.
The Big Thicket is an area of dense forest located in the area just north and northwest of the city of Beaumont.
Two historically important routes cross the Big Thicket: to the north lies the old cattle route or Beef Trail, that ran from Tyler County to Louisiana; to the south is the Spanish Trail or the Atascosito Road, that parallels modern Highway90 and Interstate10 from Liberty to Orange.
The bay is fed by the Trinity River and the San Jacinto River, numerous local bayous, and incoming tides from the Gulf of Mexico.
The bay covers approximately 600 square miles (1,500 km²), and is 30 miles (50 km) long and 17 miles (27 km) wide.
The bay has three inlets to the Gulf of Mexico: Bolivar Roads (the exit of the Houston Ship Channel) between Galveston Island and the Bolivar Peninsula, San Luis Pass to the west, and Rollover Pass to the east.
The bay provides nursery and spawning grounds for large amounts of marine life and is important for both commercial and recreational fishing.
On average, the region receives more rain than other parts of the state, and it experiences a wet season and dry season like the tropics.
During Tropical Storm Claudette in 1979, the city of Alvin recorded an official 24-hour rainfall total of 42inches (1,067 mm)—the highest one-day rainfall total ever measured in the United States.
Much of this can be explained by the natural occurrence of thunderstorms in the region, which form almost daily during the wet season.
However, the unusual clustering of lightning around the developed areas of Houston, the Golden Triangle, and Lake Charles, Louisiana have led many researchers to believe that some combination of urban heat islands and air pollution are responsible for increasing the number of lightning strikes beyond even the already-high natural levels.
Major hurricanes that have severely affected the area in the 21st century include Hurricane Rita in 2005; Hurricane Ike, which passed over much of Houston and surrounding areas in 2008; and Hurricane Harvey, which inundated Southeast Texas in 2017.
Culturally, Southeast Texas is more closely akin to the Gulf Coast, Louisiana, or even Mississippi, than it is to West Texas.
Southeast Texas is consistent with much of the rest of rural Texas in that it is a part of the Bible Belt, an area in which many inhabitants have strongly Fundamentalist Christian beliefs.
Many of the largest cities in East Texas outside Houston still follow a rural Southern way of life, especially in dialect, mannerisms, religion, and cuisine.
Houston is the largest city and economic center of Southeast Texas, and it holds the second most Fortune 500 headquarters within the city limits after New York City.
The book was written by romance writer Rustichello da Pisa, who worked from accounts which he had heard from Marco Polo when they were imprisoned together in Genoa.
From the beginning, there has been incredulity over Polo's sometimes fabulous stories, as well as a scholarly debate in recent times.
Some have questioned whether Marco had actually travelled to China or was just repeating stories that he had heard from other travellers.
Modern assessments of the text usually consider it to be the record of an observant rather than imaginative or analytical traveller.
Marco Polo emerges as being curious and tolerant, and devoted to Kublai Khan and the dynasty that he served for two decades.
The journey took 3 years after which they arrived in Cathay as it was then called and met the grandson of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan.
The tradition is that Polo dictated the book to a romance writer, Rustichello da Pisa, while in prison in Genoa between 1298–1299.
It is believed that Polo related his memoirs orally to Rustichello da Pisa while both were prisoners of the Genova Republic.
Latham also argued that Rustichello may have glamorised Polo's accounts, and added fantastic and romantic elements that made the book a bestseller.
Latham believed that many elements of the book, such as legends of the Middle East and mentions of exotic marvels, may have been the work of Rustichello who was giving what medieval European readers expected to find in a travel book.
The Dominican father Francesco Pipino was the author of a translation into Latin, Iter Marci Pauli Veneti in 1302, just a few years after Marco's return to Venice.
According to some recent research of the Italian scholar Antonio Montefusco, the very close relationship that Marco Polo cultivated with members of the Dominican Order in Venice suggests that local fathers collaborated with him for a Latin version of the book, which means that Rustichello's text was translated into Latin for a precise will of the Order.
the role of Dominican missionaries in China and in the Indies), it is reasonable to think that they considered Marco's book as a trustworthy piece of information for missions in the East.
The diplomatic communications between Pope Innocent IV and Pope Gregory X with the Mongols were probably another reason for this endorsement.
Book Three describes some of the coastal regions of the East: Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and the east coast of Africa.
Book Four describes some of the then-recent wars among the Mongols and some of the regions of the far north, like Russia.
In the mid-fifteenth century the cartographer of Murano, Fra Mauro, meticulously included all of Polo's toponyms in his 1450 map of the world.
Marco Polo's description of the Far East and its riches inspired Christopher Columbus's decision to try to reach Asia by sea, in a westward route.
Marco Polo was accompanied on his trips by his father and uncle (both of whom had been to China previously), though neither of them published any known works about their journeys.
According to the French philologist Philippe Ménard, there are six main versions of the book: the version closest to the original, in Franco-Venetian; a version in Old French; a version in Tuscan; two versions in Venetian; two different versions in Latin.
The first attempt to collate manuscripts and provide a critical edition was in a volume of collected travel narratives printed at Venice in 1559.
Doubts have also been raised in later centuries about Marco Polo's narrative of his travels in China, for example for his failure to mention a number of things and practices commonly associated with China, such as the Chinese characters, tea, chopsticks, and footbinding.
In particular, his failure to mention the Great Wall of China had been noted as early as the middle of the seventeenth century.
Many have questioned whether or not he had visited the places he mentioned in his itinerary, or he had appropriated the accounts of his father and uncle or other travelers, or doubted that he even reached China and that, if he did, perhaps never went beyond Khanbaliq (Beijing).
For example, none of the other Western travelers to Yuan dynasty China at that time, such as Giovanni de' Marignolli and Odoric of Pordenone, mentioned the Great Wall, and that while remnants of the Wall would have existed at that time, it would not have been significant or noteworthy as it had not been maintained for a long time.
The Great Walls were built to keep out northern invaders, whereas the ruling dynasty during Marco Polo's visit were those very northern invaders.
The Mongol rulers whom Polo served also controlled territories both north and south of today's wall, and would have no reasons to maintain any fortifications that may have remained there from the earlier dynasties.
He noted the Great Wall familiar to us today is a Ming structure built some two centuries after Marco Polo's travels.
The Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta did mention the Great Wall, but when he asked about the wall while in China during the Yuan dynasty, he could find no one who had either seen it or knew of anyone who had seen it.
Haw also argued that practices such as footbinding were not common even among Chinese during Polo's time and almost unknown among the Mongols.
While the Italian missionary Odoric of Pordenone who visited Yuan China mentioned footbinding (it is however unclear whether he was only relaying something he heard as his description is inaccurate), no other foreign visitors to Yuan China mentioned the practice, perhaps an indication that the footbinding was not widespread or was not practiced in an extreme form at that time.
Despite a few exaggerations and errors, Polo's accounts are relatively free of the descriptions of irrational marvels, and in many cases where present (mostly given in the first part before he reached China, such as mentions of Christian miracles), he made a clear distinction that they are what he had heard rather than what he had seen.
It is also largely free of the gross errors in other accounts such as those given by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who had confused the Yellow River with the Grand Canal and other waterways, and believed that porcelain was made from coal.
For example, when visiting Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, China, Marco Polo noted that a large number of Christian churches had been built there.
His claim is confirmed by a Chinese text of the 14th century explaining how a Sogdian named Mar-Sargis from Samarkand founded six Nestorian Christian churches there in addition to one in Hangzhou during the second half of the 13th century.
Nestorian Christianity had existed in China since the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD) when a Persian monk named Alopen came to the capital Chang'an in 653 to proselytize, as described in a dual Chinese and Syriac language inscription from Chang'an (modern Xi'an) dated to the year 781.
In 2012, the University of Tübingen sinologist and historian Hans Ulrich Vogel released a detailed analysis of Polo's description of currencies, salt production and revenues, and argued that the evidence supports his presence in China because he included details which he could not have otherwise known.
His accounts of salt production and revenues from the salt monopoly are also accurate, and accord with Chinese documents of the Yuan era.
Although Marco Polo was certainly the most famous, he was not the only nor the first European traveller to the Mongol Empire who subsequently wrote an account of his experiences.
Earlier thirteenth-century European travellers who journeyed to the court of the Great Khan were André de Longjumeau, William of Rubruck and Giovanni da Pian del Carpine with Benedykt Polak.
Later travelers such as Odoric of Pordenone and Giovanni de' Marignolli reached China during the Yuan dynasty and wrote accounts of their travels.
The 14th-century author John Mandeville wrote an account of journeys in the East, but this was probably based on second-hand information and contains much apocryphal information.
After Henry's death, the three generations of women have to cope with one another as best they can, under their shared roof.
Sarah often finds herself in the middle of things, usually figuratively but always literally, as her mother lives upstairs and her daughter has the downstairs flat.
Sometimes mother and daughter ally against grandmother, sometimes mother and grandmother go against daughter, but usually grandmother and granddaughter gang up on the long-suffering Sarah, whose one haven is Bygone Books, the remarkably unsuccessful second-hand bookshop where she works for Russell, who dispenses in turn sympathy and wisdom.
Most of the time, Russell sees the women's relationships second-hand through Sarah, although he isn't opposed to taking the occasional more active role when necessary.
In turn, Sarah can see some of Russell's difficulties of living with a gay partner in 1980s London suburbia, while at the same time seeing Russell's relationship as the one perfect marriage she knows.
Prunella Scales and Joan Sanderson returned as Sarah and Eleanor, but Gerry Cowper was, at the age of 30, considered too old to play Clare and replaced by Janine Wood.
A second television series was shown during the same months as the fourth radio series with, in many cases, both radio and television episodes being broadcast on the same nights.
The fourth television series was broadcast from July 1992, after the death of Joan Sanderson, who had died on 24 May.
The series is based upon a futuristic world where Japan has taken control of Earth politics and of the majority of human colonies on other worlds.
Human-kind has never managed to communicate with the creatures and only has their attacks to base what information is known about them on.
It's set in the 26th century and involves fringe-of-empire settlers breaking away from an overbearing Earth government dominated by the Japanese Empire ... which had the sense to grab the high ground of space when the U.S. abandoned it in the early 2000s.
The simple and humorous stories, with brightly coloured, boldly drawn illustrations, have been part of popular culture since 1971, with sales of over 85 million copies worldwide in 20 languages he hails from Cleckheaton West Yorkshire, specifically Gomersal where he lived in a street off Mill Lane now known as Summerdale.
Charles Roger Hargreaves was born in a private hospital at 201 Bath Road, Cleckheaton, West Yorkshire on 9 May 1935 to Alfred Reginald Hargreaves and Ethel Mary Hargreaves.
Initially he had difficulty finding a publisher, but once he did the books became an instant success, selling over one million copies within three years.
In 1981 the Little Miss series of books was launched, and in 1983 it also was made into a television series, narrated by Pauline Collins, and her husband John Alderton.
Although Hargreaves wrote many other children's stories—including the Timbuctoo series of 25 books, John Mouse and the Roundy and Squarey books—he is best known for his 46 Mr. Men and 33 Little Miss books.
Hargreaves died on 11 September 1988, at the age of 53, at the Kent and Sussex Hospital in Royal Tunbridge Wells, following a stroke.
Locals say that there was not enough room in the grave yard at Cowden Church, but that he'd already bought the adjacent field so that he, and others, could be laid to rest there.
After his death, his son Adam continued writing and drawing the Mr. Men and Little Miss characters with new stories (while signing the covers in his father's signature).
In April 2004, Hargreaves's widow Christine sold the rights to the Mr. Men characters to the UK entertainment group Chorion, for £28 million.
The first of the Mr. Men characters is reported to have been created when Adam, at age 6, asked his father what a tickle looked like.
Google celebrated what would have been his 76th birthday, 9 May 2011, with a series of 16 Google Doodles on its global homepage.
Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 – 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family.
Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil.
To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces.
He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871.
Wellesley succeeded to all of his brother's titles: Duke of Wellington, Prince of Waterloo, Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, and Duke of Victoria.
He also inherited the London town-house, Apsley House, and the sprawling family estates of Stratfield Saye House, with over of land granted to the first duke by parliamentary purchase for military services.
The estate also included four advowsons; Wellesley had the duty, right, and obligation to select the chief clergyman of those parishes.
Wellesley died at Ewhurst Park (House), Basingstoke, Hampshire, on 18 June (Waterloo Day) 1934, aged eighty-five, and was buried three days later at Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire, the home conferred on the Dukes of Wellington.
His probate was sworn that year at ; a further grant was in 1936, for , all of which excluded underlying third-party family interests in entrusted land and any gifts before death.
He was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Garter (KG) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902, and was invested by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 8 August 1902.
He was also awarded the Spanish decoration of the Grand Cross of Charles III, and the Portuguese decoration of the Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword (GCTE), and the Prussian decorations of the Order of the Black Eagle and the Order of the Red Eagle.
On 24 October 1872, he married Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams, daughter of Captain Robert Griffith Williams (brother of Sir Richard Bulkeley Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet) and wife Mary Anne Geale (daughter of Pears Geale, of Dublin).
The Duchy is a landed estate of approximately 46,000 acres (200 square kilometres) held in trust for the Sovereign since 1399.
The land is organised into the Lancashire Survey, the Yorkshire Survey, the Crewe Survey, the Nedwood Estate and the South Survey.
The Sovereign is not entitled to the Duchy's capital, but the net revenues of the Duchy are the property of the Sovereign in right of the Duchy of Lancaster.
While the income is private, the Queen uses the larger part of it to meet official expenses incurred by other members of the British Royal Family.
The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, who is the equivalent of the chairman of the trustees, has for the past several centuries always been a Government minister, although this is not a requirement.
His title is derived from the Privy Purse (an embroidered bag borne by the Keeper at a coronation) which contrasts with his Department's present-day use of computers and up-to-date accounting procedures.
In recent years the office of Keeper has been held jointly with that of Treasurer to the Queen, who is responsible for the use of the Civil List, funds used to meet official expenditure relating to the Queen's duties as Head of State.
He also oversees the grant-in-aid from the Royal Household for the maintenance of the occupied Royal Palaces and for Royal travel.
He is also responsible for the property maintenance of the Occupied Royal Palaces (such as Buckingham Palace and St James's Palace) and their gardens, for the financial aspects of Royal travel, for personnel matters in the Royal Household, for the Queen's private estates (which include Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House) and for the commercial activities of the Royal Collection Trust (for which annual accounts are published).
In the past, the United Kingdom's civil government day-to-day costs were paid for by the sovereign under normal circumstances, the monies in this Public Purse being raised from the income of the Crown Estate lands and holdings.
The system was to a large degree self-funding through the Crown's large holdings, taxes being applied only when necessary, and almost always at the risk of public outcry.
Taxes were normally very low, and the necessity to go to Parliament to fund wars was an effective check on the monarch's power.
As the role of the government increased in the 18th century, the Public Purse was increasingly unable to raise enough to fund the development of the country.
In 1760 when George III came to the throne, it was decided that the whole cost of civil government should be provided by Parliament, with the Crown surrendering most of the hereditary revenues (principally the net surplus of the Crown Estate) by the King for the duration of the reign.
In this new system Parliament was responsible for the finances of the UK, including paying the Crown the Civil List allowance to meet the Sovereign's official expenses.
In the fiscal year 2007/2008 the Crown Estate paid the Treasury £211.00 million in return for £7.9 million in Civil List payments to the Queen.
The player's Command Ship is now capable of attack; though slow, the Command Ship is capable of delivering a high amount of firepower, most notably the Siege Cannon capable of crippling an enemy Command Ship with a single well aimed shot.
Meanwhile, the Taiidan Empire has collapsed after years of civil war, and a new Taiidani Republic has arisen as an ally of the newly minted Hiigarans, while the Imperialists and their Turanic Raider allies continue to raid both Hiigaran and Republic space.
They then seek out the Nomad Moon, a Taiidani Republic battle station incorporating a powerful repulsor field; upon their arrival, they find that the station has already been infected by the Beast.
While the Kushan and Taiidan fleets remain almost identical to their Homeworld counterparts, the player's clan, Kiith Somtaaw, is forced to scratch its own fleet specs based on salvaged technologies.
The player's own ships are all new and superior to both Taiidan and Kushan counterparts and are only matched by the main adversary, the Beast and its own fleet (which is composed of assimilated Taiidan, Kushan, Somtaaw and Turanic Raider ships).
The Remastered Edition (formerly Homeworld HD) from Gearbox Software, the new owners of the Homeworld IP, has been updated to be fully compatible with all versions of Windows and includes both updated and original copies of both games.
They were first transmitted to China during the early 5th century by the Buddhist monk Kumārajīva (344−413) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
According to Sēngzhào, delusion arises through a dependent relationship between phenomenal things, naming, thought and reification and correct understanding lies outside of words and concepts.
He studied widely under various teachers, including the Madhyamaka master Seng-chuan (470-528) and eventually received an imperial decree to reside at Hsing Huang monastery in Ch'ien-k'ang, where he continued to give sermons on the Four Treatises for twenty five years.
The cure of the disease lies not so much in developing a new metaphysical theory as in understanding the proper nature and function of human conceptualization and language.
He insisted that one must never settle on any particular viewpoint or perspective but constantly reexamine one's formulations to avoid rectification of thought and behavior.
In, Chan (Zen), Nagarjuna is seen as one of the patriarchs of the school and thus its key figures such as Huineng must have been familiar with the four treatises.
(1871–1943) promoted Buddhist learning in China, and the general trend was for an increase in studies of Buddhist traditions such as Yogācāra, Madhyamaka, and the Huayan school.
The school was known in Japan as Sanron (三論宗) and was introduced around 625 by the Korean Goguryeo monk Hyegwan (Jp.
Ekan is also known for introducing the Jōjitsu (Satyasiddhi) school to Japan and the Satyasiddhi system was taught as a supplement, together with Madhyamaka, in Japanese Sanron.
During the Heian period, an important Sanron figure was master Chiko (709-781), whose commentary on the Heart Sutra became a classic work of Heian Buddhist scholarship and the most authoritative commentary on the Heart Sutra in the early Heian.
This commentary criticized the Hosso (Yogacara) school's interpretation of the Heart Sutra, promoted the Heart Sutra as a text of definitive meaning (nītārtha) while also drawing on the work of Jizang.
The range is mostly desert, but at higher altitudes receives around of precipitation annually — moist enough to allow the growth of shrubs and trees and support agriculture.
The area is about a 45-minute drive from Nizwa and is known for its traditional rose water extraction and agricultural products including pomegranates, walnuts, apricots, black grapes and peaches.
Agricultural production is improved by the use of Falaj irrigation channels and their associated terraces system devised by the local farmers, who have lived on this mountain for hundreds of years.
Between 1954 and 1959, the area became a site of the Jebel Akhdar War, a conflict between Omani forces loyal to the sultan of Oman (aided by British soldiers, including the Special Air Service) and Saudi Arabian-backed rebel forces of the inland Imamate of Oman.
In August 2011, Sultan Qaboos designated Jebel Akhdar a nature reserve in a bid to conserve its unique yet fragile biodiversity.
In the area, several important rock art sites, with figures dating back to 6000 years ago, have been discovered and studied.
Hiromi Uehara (上原 ひろみ, born 26 March 1979), known professionally as Hiromi, is a jazz composer and pianist born in Hamamatsu, Japan.
She is known for her virtuosic technique, energetic live performances and blend of musical genres such as stride, post-bop, progressive rock, classical and fusion in her compositions.
Hiromi started learning classical piano at the age of six, and was later introduced to jazz by her piano teacher Noriko Hikida.
When she was 17, she met Chick Corea by chance in Tokyo and was invited to play with him at his concert the next day.
After being a jingle writer for a few years for Japanese companies such as Nissan, she enrolled to study at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts.
She performed at the Newport Jazz Festival on August 8, 2009, and at the Paris Olympia in Paris on April 13, 2010, and toured in the summer of 2010 with the Stanley Clarke Band.
On October 19, 2006, the trio added guitarist David Fiuczynski in a performance at the Jazz Factory in Louisville, Kentucky, to form Hiromi's Sonicbloom.
In an interview published in 2010, Hiromi said she plays the Yamaha CFIII-S concert grand piano, Nord Lead 2, Clavia Nord Electro 2 73, Clavia Nord Stage Piano and Korg microKORG.
In 1948, shortly after the founding of the United Nations, there were 45 NGOs in Consultative Status, mostly large international organizations.
Currently there are 3900 NGOs in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and some 400 NGOs accredited to the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD).
ECOSOC Resolution 1296 (XLIV) in 1968 had defined the criteria and rights associated with Consultative Status for almost forty years, during which time there was a substantial growth in the number of NGOs.
The primary impetus for the 1996 revision of the arrangements was the unprecedented level of NGO participation, especially from national NGOs, in the preparations for UNCED - the 1992 Earth Summit.
The criteria for NGO accreditation to Consultative Status have been revised several times, most recently in 1996 in ECOSOC Resolution 1996/31, following an extensive United Nations Open-Ended Working Group on the Review of Arrangements for Consultation with Non-Government Organizations.
1996/31 grants different rights for participation in ECOSOC and its subsidiary bodies - principally ECOSOC's Functional Commissions - including rights to United Nations passes, to speak at designated meetings, and to have documents translated and circulated as official UN documents - e.g.
The primary form of Roster Status, for NGOs with a focus on one or two of the areas of competence of ECOSOC.
There are special provisions in 1996/31, and before that in 1296 (XLIV) for the UN Secretary-General to recommend NGOs for the Roster.
Although not defined in 1996/31, a fourth category of NGOs accredited to the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established by ECOSOC decision 1996/302.
An NGO that wishes to obtain consultative status with the ECOSOC must first submit an application online at the NGO Branch of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the UN Secretariat.
Wellesley represented the Conservative Party as the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Hampshire from 1842 to 1852, and the MP for Windsor from 1852 to 1855.
When his older brother, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, died in 1884 with no heirs, Lord Charles's second child, Henry Wellesley (as the oldest surviving son) inherited his uncle's dukedom as Duke of Wellington.
At sixteen he finished the expected grades and was admitted to the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Trenčín, Slovakia, where he stayed for two years.
Later he studied philosophy in Graz, Austria and in 1725–1726 he lectured on the Elements of Grammar at the Jesuit Academy in Zagreb in Croatia.
In 1729, Konščak left for Cádiz in Spain, then went to North America, where he was active as a missionary on New Spain's Baja California Peninsula (today part of Mexico), from 1732 to the end of his life.
From 1748 he acted as the superior of the mission and later, in 1758, inspector of all missions in Baja California.
In June and July 1746 he was sent by sea to the head of the Gulf of California in order to investigate the disputed question of whether Baja California was an island.
The third expedition went up the western side of the peninsula, to around 30 degrees of latitude near Bahía San Luis Gonzaga.
On the basis of the data obtained, Konščak made a precise map of Baja California (1748) and a map of the Gulf of California (around 1750).
His diaries, after his death translated and reprinted into many languages, were published during his lifetime by Villa-Señor y Sanchez, Ortega-Balthasar, and Venegas-Buriel.
Homer Aschmann in 1966 and Damir Zorić in 2000 suggested that Konščak was the author of the second of these, while Miguel León-Portilla in 1988 suggested that he wrote the first.
Actors who do not want to be credited, or whose names would otherwise appear twice because they are playing more than one role in a production, may adopt a pseudonym.
Actors who are members of the AFL-CIO trade union of professional actors known as Actors' Equity Association, but are working under a non-union contract and wish to avoid the significant penalties ranging from substantial fines to revocation of union membership that could result from working under non-union contracts, also use pseudonyms.
The name can also be used when one actor is playing what appear to be two characters, but is later revealed as being one person with two names or identities.
Because of the pseudonym, the audience is not clued-in that the two seemingly separate characters are meant to be the same person.
A member of the production's orchestra, not wanting members of his church to find he was involved with such a risqué play, had his name credited as George Spelvin.
The name may also be used for a character who never delivers a line, and thus any member of the stage crew might be filling in the role.
For example, a person makes a delivery to a character onstage: the doorbell rings, the delivery is made, and the delivery carrier disappears, with no words spoken.
The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet, needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly, and must be able to make the pivot on a double play.
In addition, second basemen are usually right-handed; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950.
Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on, or moving towards the base to cover.
Due to these requirements, second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game, but there are hitting stars as well.
The second baseman catches line drives or pop flies hit near him, and fields ground balls hit near him and then throws the ball to a base to force out a runner.
In this case, if the runner is to be forced out at second base then that base is covered by the shortstop.
With a runner on first base, on a ground ball to the shortstop or third baseman the second baseman will cover second base to force out the runner coming from first.
Moreover, if there are fewer than two outs he will attempt to turn the double play: that is, he will receive the throw from the other player with his foot on second base (to force out the runner coming from first base), and in one motion pivot toward first base and throw the ball there (to force out the batter before he gets there).
If a runner on first base attempts to steal second base, or if the pitcher attempts to pick off a runner already at second base, then either the second baseman or the shortstop will cover second base.
When performance offers dwindled, she worked in theater production as a choreographer, director, and lighting technician in a number of musicals, which led to underground film scene.
I was showing true life as it really was, including actual sex as it really happened, instead of the phony stuff that you got from Hollywood.
The stage name she adopted is a variation on George Spelvin, a name traditionally used as a pseudonym by stage actors for the second billing, when playing two roles.
Through her, Pierrepont is the maternal grandfather of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington and Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington.
In computer science, a binary decision diagram (BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function.
Other data structures used to represent Boolean functions include negation normal form (NNF), Zhegalkin polynomials, and propositional directed acyclic graphs (PDAG).
A Boolean function can be represented as a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, which consists of several decision nodes and terminal nodes.
Each decision node formula_1 is labeled by Boolean variable formula_2 and has two child nodes called low child and high child.
In popular usage, the term BDD almost always refers to Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagram (ROBDD in the literature, used when the ordering and reduction aspects need to be emphasized).
A path from the root node to the 1-terminal represents a (possibly partial) variable assignment for which the represented Boolean function is true.
As the path descends to a low (or high) child from a node, then that node's variable is assigned to 0 (respectively 1).
In the tree on the left, the value of the function can be determined for a given variable assignment by following a path down the graph to a terminal.
In the figures below, dotted lines represent edges to a low child, while solid lines represent edges to a high child.
Therefore, to find (x1=0, x2=1, x3=1), begin at x1, traverse down the dotted line to x2 (since x1 has an assignment to 0), then down two solid lines (since x2 and x3 each have an assignment to one).
The full potential for efficient algorithms based on the data structure was investigated by Randal Bryant at Carnegie Mellon University: his key extensions were to use a fixed variable ordering (for canonical representation) and shared sub-graphs (for compression).
Adnan Darwiche and his collaborators have shown that BDDs are one of several normal forms for Boolean functions, each induced by a different combination of requirements.
Every arbitrary BDD (even if it is not reduced or ordered) can be directly implemented in hardware by replacing each node with a 2 to 1 multiplexer; each multiplexer can be directly implemented by a 4-LUT in a FPGA.
It is not so simple to convert from an arbitrary network of logic gates to a BDD (unlike the and-inverter graph).
In fact, the function computing the middle bit of the product of two formula_9-bit numbers does not have an OBDD smaller than formula_10 vertices.
The size of the minimal BDD can depend on the order in which variables are specified; thus for example, just reflecting rule 30 to give rule 86 yields {6, 11, 20, 36, 63}.
Researchers have suggested refinements on the BDD data structure giving way to a number of related graphs, such as BMD (binary moment diagrams), ZDD (zero-suppressed decision diagram), FDD (free binary decision diagrams), PDD (parity decision diagrams), and MTBDDs (multiple terminal BDDs).
However, repeating these operations several times, for example forming the conjunction or disjunction of a set of BDDs, may in the worst case result in an exponentially big BDD.
This is because any of the preceding operations for two BDDs may result in a BDD with a size proportional to the product of the BDDs' sizes, and consequently for several BDDs the size may be exponential.
Also, since constructing the BDD of a Boolean function solves the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem and the co-NP-complete tautology problem, constructing the BDD can take exponential time in the size of the Boolean formula even when the resulting BDD is small.
For general propositional formulas the problem is ♯P-complete and the known best algorithms require an exponential time in the worst case.
Chanco is a name traditionally assigned to an Indian who is said to have warned a Jamestown colonist, Richard Pace, about an impending Powhatan attack in 1622.
The Indian's warning to Richard Pace is described in the London Company's official account of the 1622 attack, but the Indian is not named.
Prospecting is a small-scale form of mineral exploration which is an organised, large scale effort undertaken by commercial mineral companies to find commercially viable ore deposits.
Prospecting is physical labour, involving traversing (traditionally on foot or on horseback), panning, sifting and outcrop investigation, looking for signs of mineralisation.
In some areas a prospector must also make claims, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples.
The traditional methods of prospecting involved combing through the countryside, often through creek beds and along ridgelines and hilltops, often on hands and knees looking for signs of mineralisation in the outcrop.
In the case of gold, all streams in an area would be panned at the appropriate trap sites looking for a show of 'colour' or gold in the river trail.
For most base metal shows, the rock would have been mined by hand and crushed on site, the ore separated from the gangue by hand.
Often, these shows were short-lived, exhausted and abandoned quite soon, requiring the prospector to move onwards to the next and hopefully bigger and better show.
In most countries in the 19th and early 20th century, it was very unlikely that a prospector would retire rich even if he was the one who found the greatest of lodes.
For instance Patrick (Paddy) Hannan, who discovered the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie, died without receiving anywhere near a fraction of the value of the gold contained in the lodes.
In all cases, the gold rush was sparked by idle prospecting for gold and minerals which, when the prospector was successful, generated 'gold fever' and saw a wave of prospectors comb the countryside.
Metal detectors are invaluable for gold prospectors, as they are quite effective at detecting gold nuggets within the soil down to around 1 metre (3 feet), depending on the acuity of the operator's hearing and skill.
Magnetic separators may be useful in separating the magnetic fraction of a heavy mineral sand from the nonmagnetic fraction, which may assist in the panning or sieving of gold from the soil or stream.
Prospecting pickaxes are used to scrape at rocks and minerals, obtaining small samples that can be tested for trace amounts of ore. Modern prospecting pickaxes are also sometimes equipped with magnets, to aid in the gathering of ferromagnetic ores.
In the 12th century Stratfield was owned by the Stoteville family, and then early in the 13th century this passed by marriage to the Saye family.
Before 1370 the manor passed on again by marriage to the Dabridgecourts, and in 1629 they sold the property to the Pitt family, cousins of the great father-and-son Prime Ministers.
The main part of the house was extensively enlarged around 1630 by Sir William Pitt, Comptroller of the Household to King James I.
Sir William's eldest son, Edward Pitt (1592-1643), MP, of Steepleton Iwerne, Dorset and later of Stratfield Saye, bought the estate for £4,800 in 1629.
Further extensive alterations were carried out to the house and park in the 18th century by George Pitt, 1st Baron Rivers.
The estate was purchased by the state in 1817, in order that it could be given by a grateful nation to the victorious Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
He originally planned to demolish the existing house, and replace it with a more prestigious home, to be known as Waterloo Palace.
The Duke abandoned these plans in 1821 when they proved to be too expensive, and subsequently made numerous additions and improvements to the existing building.
The Duke's cast bronze funeral carriage, made from melted-down French cannons captured at the Battle of Waterloo, was moved to Stratfield Saye in the 1980s.
The languages are spoken across a continuous region encompassing the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland as well as the former East Germany and the westernmost regions of Ukraine and Belarus (and into Lithuania).
The West Slavic languages are all written using Latin script, in contrast to the Cyrillic-using East Slavic branch, and the South Slavic which uses both.
The early Slavic expansion reached Central Europe in c. the 7th century, and the West Slavic dialects diverged from Common Slavic over the following centuries.
The Sorbs and other Polabian Slavs like Obodrites and Veleti came under the domination of the Holy Roman Empire and were strongly Germanized.
The central Polish tribe of the Polans established their own state – the Duchy of Poland – in the 10th century under Duke Mieszko I; this later became a kingdom in 1025 (see: Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)).
The Bohemians established the Duchy of Bohemia in the 9th century, which was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire in the early 11th century.
At the end of the 12th century the duchy was raised to the status of kingdom, which was legally recognised in 1212 in the Golden Bull of Sicily.
Lusatia, the homeland of the remaining Sorbs, became a crown land of Bohemia in the 11th century, and Silesia followed suit in 1335.
The Slovaks, on the other hand, never became part of the Holy Roman Empire, being incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
Hungary fell under Habsburg rule alongside Austria and Bohemia in the 16th century, thus uniting the Bohemians, Moravians, Slovaks, and Silesians under a single ruler.
While Lusatia was lost to Saxony in 1635 and most of Silesia was lost to Prussia in 1740, the remaining West Slavic Habsburg dominions remained part of the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary, and after that remained united until 1992 in the form of Czechoslovakia.
The town is situated in the western part of the Lubusz Lake District and Torzymska Plain (315.43), in the longitudinal postglacial valley, in the historical region of Lubusz Land.
The Ilanka river, which is the right-bank tributary of the Oder river, flows through the town and takes the tributary Rzepin to the south of the town, near Nowy Młyn.
Among the Ilanka's hydrological curiosities is the phenomenon of bifurcation, occurring to the north of Rzepin, where the river separates its stream.
Rzepin surroundings is rich in glacial lakes, among others: Busko, Długie- local bathing beach, Głębiniec, Linie, Lubińskie, Oczko, Papienko (Popienko) and Rzepsko.
In 1856 Berghaus investigated the town name origin of words: repina (a folk name of maple), rjepa (turnip), or rjepnik (field of turnip).
According to Mucke, the name could originate from the word ryby (fish) – Rybin, Rybek, Rybno – fisherman's colony (town located by the riverside).
Current Polish etymology (according to Rospond, Rymut and Malec) clearly indicates a nickname Rzepa (Polish name of turnip), or the name of turnip itself, as the town name origin.
The town was founded in the place of a 10th-century fort and a craftsmen settlement outside the fort, which was located near a convenient crossing of the Ilanka river.
It was located in Lubusz Land, which was part of the provinces of Greater Poland and Silesia of the Medieval Kingdom of Poland.
Thanks to the citizens’ resourcefulness and valor the town was developing rapidly, however, it was hindered by plagues and other disasters, including numerous fires.
From the 18th century the town was part of the Kingdom of Prussia and between 1871 and 1945 it was part of Germany, before becoming again part of Poland.
The oldest record about Rzepin dates back to 1297 and it regards the presence of pleban de Repin (Repin's parson) Iacobus Craft at a ceremony of granting the village of Wystok to the Paradyż monastery.
In 14th and 15th century the town was defined with a ‘New’ suffix, which could signify its new location or new town charter: 28 July 1329 - Newen Reppin, 1335 – Nyen Rypin, 1441 – Nyen Reppen.
The grad was possibly transferred into a more convenient place because the remains of an earlier grad upon the Ilanka river, between Tarnawa Rzepińska and Starościn, survived until our times.
The names Reppin or Reppen appear in the German literature, while Rypin or Rzepin can be found in the Polish sources.
After World War II, during a short period of time, the town was called Rypin Lubuski, whereas since the late 1940s the current form has been used.
The shape of the medieval Rzepin resembled a rectangle 300 x 400 m. The town layout revealed three parallel streets, that were crossing the town longitudinally and transversely, distinguishing the medieval marketplace.
The Old Town, with high – density housing, is located on the right bank of the Ilanka, whereas from the remaining sides it was surrounded by a ditch (town moat), which was subsequently filled back in due to the negative influence of the humid microclimate.
Rzepin was given ownership of the adjacent forests before 14th century, which was confiscated in 1553 because of the wrongly laid tax by the town authorities.
High population of game animals in the region was confirmed by the presence of two royal forests in the vicinity of Rzepin.
Forest district administration and the still working forest lodge of Dąbrówka, also known as Osęka (currently a part of the Rzepinek settlement), were established in the 18th Century.
Currently the term Rzepin Forest should only be treated in historical context, or to some extent, as an equivalent of the Lubusz Forest, which is a vast woodland situated mostly in the vicinity of Rzepin and Torzym in the Lubusz Voivodeship.
This is a list of postal codes in Canada where the first letter is H. Postal codes beginning with H are located within the Canadian province of Quebec.
Canada Post provides a free postal code look-up tool on its website, via its mobile apps for such smartphones as the iPhone and BlackBerry, and sells hard-copy directories and CD-ROMs.
H0M is an arbitrary FSA assignment, over 100 km from the centre of Montreal, as is H0H (representing the North Pole).
Relic Entertainment (known as THQ Canada Inc. between 2004 and 2013) is a Canadian video game developer based in Vancouver, founded in 1997.
Relic was founded in May 1997 by Alex Garden, Luke Moloney, Erin Daly, Aaron Kambeitz, Rob Cunningham, Gary Shaw, and Shane Alfreds.
Although it boasted improved graphics and features and changed some elements of gameplay from the original, reviews cited some issues and did not score it as highly as its predecessor.
On April 27, 2004, publisher THQ announced it was acquiring Relic for close to in an all-cash transaction, completed around early May, 2004.
The expansion added a fifth race, the Imperial Guard, to the game, as well as giving the existing races several new units.
The engine, which had been designed in-house by Relic, featured many next-generation graphical effects, including HDR and dynamic lighting, as well as utilizing the Havok middleware physics engine.
Finally, following the discovery of a document on the United States Patent and Trademark Office's electronic filing system by a fan, THQ confirmed that Relic indeed owns the trademark again, making a continuation of the series under THQ's lead possible.
It was released for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on September 6, 2011, in North America and September 9, 2011, in Europe.
In this sequel the game moves the battle away from the Western Front of World War II and refocuses on the Eastern Front.
On January 23, 2013, it was revealed that THQ had sold Relic Entertainment to Sega for as part of an auction of the company's properties.
Hello Cheeky is a comedy series starring Barry Cryer, John Junkin and Tim Brooke-Taylor, broadcast on BBC Radio 2 between 1973 and 1979, and also broadcast on television - on the ITV network - in 1976.
Its three stars were normally the only performers who appeared, although the show's musical director, Denis King, was often given a small speaking role in one or two of the shorter items.
The radio series featured music by the Denis King Trio, and was produced initially by David Hatch, then by Richard Willcox, and thereafter by Bob Oliver Rogers.
From series 2 it was transmitted at lunchtime on Sundays, a more natural home for comedy shows, which had traditionally occupied that spot in the station's schedules since the heyday of the old BBC Light Programme in the early 1960s.
A number of the items that were used had previously been recorded by Marty Feldman (who John Junkin and Tim Brooke-Taylor had known since working together on television in 1968).
The final item each week, which was typically the longest item in the show, often featured a comic amalgam of three ostensibly serious broadcasts (e.g.
In later series the celebrities who were the butt of the jokes were invited onto the show, to be lampooned to their faces.
Famous stars of the day who put themselves through this treatment included chat show host Michael Aspel, BBC TV sports presenter Frank Bough, and radio DJ Terry Wogan.
From the two-hour show, 45 minutes of material was released on a vinyl LP, while two 30-minute radio shows containing material from this recording session were broadcast on 25 January and 1 February 1976 as the final editions of the third series.
They did not reflect the standard format, and were in the main a collection of unrelated musical items interspersed with occasional jokes; the Christmas shows did not even have a preference for seasonal pieces.
The Specials were also much longer than the standard half-hour of the regular episodes: the Summer Special was one hour, while the Christmas specials varied - the 1973 Christmas show was also one hour, while in 1974 it was 90 minutes.
After the completion of four successful series for radio, plus the six Specials, a combination of unfortunate events occurred which curtailed what had been a popular and successful show.
Firstly, a dispute arose with BBC Management, concerning the cast's decision to defect to ITV, to make a TV version of the show.
Former producer David Hatch was brought in to put together a final half-dozen episodes, from material already in the can, for a truncated final series: which was only transmitted after more than three years had elapsed since the previous series.
With the exception of the two specials recorded on 6 April 1975, all of the radio broadcasts are known to exist (at least as off-air recordings).
It was made by Yorkshire Television, with Len Lurcuck as producer, and ex-BBC comedy producer Duncan Wood as its executive producer.
A second series, comprising a further five episodes, was broadcast later that year, between 26 May and 23 June: the timing was a deliberate attempt to benefit from the popularity of the radio show, the latest series of which ran throughout that summer.
The reason for this was considered to be the fact that no attempt was made to make the material more visual for television.
The two TV series (except for Episode 10, which no longer exists in the archive) were released on DVD by Network in June 2010.
The Barbara Stanwyck Show is an American anthology drama television series which ran on NBC from September 1960 to September 1961.
E1 Entertainment, formerly known as Koch Vision, and The Archive of American Television released Volume 1 of the series on DVD in the United States on October 13, 2009.
when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence, or in Singapore when the police receives information about any criminal offence.
It generally stems from a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognizable offense or by someone on his or her behalf, but anyone can make such a report either orally or in writing to the police.
Barnaby Jones is a television detective series starring Buddy Ebsen and Lee Meriwether as a father and daughter-in-law who run a private detective firm in Los Angeles, California.
Halfway through the series run, Mark Shera was added to the cast as the cousin of Ebsen's character, who joins the firm.
After Barnaby Jones (Buddy Ebsen) had worked as a private eye for many years, he decided to retire and left the business to his son Hal.
He had come to try to solve the murder of his father but stayed around to help Barnaby and Betty, while also attending law school.
As Ebsen aged and expressed an interest in slowing down a bit, Meriwether's and Shera's characters became more prominent, allowing Ebsen to reduce his role.
During the last two seasons, episodes were divided evenly among the three actors, with Ebsen, Meriwether and Shera each being the focus of a third of the season's episodes.
Respected and loved in his own country as a man of great wisdom, he was also instrumental in establishing Theravada Buddhism in the West.
Beginning in 1979 with the founding of Cittaviveka (commonly known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery) in the United Kingdom, the Forest Tradition of Ajahn Chah has spread throughout Europe, the United States and the British Commonwealth.
As is traditional, Ajahn Chah entered the monastery as a novice at the age of nine, where, during a three-year stay, he learned to read and write.
He left the monastery to help his family on the farm, but later returned to monastic life on 16 April 1939, seeking ordination as a Theravadan monk (or bhikkhu).
During the early part of the twentieth century Theravada Buddhism underwent a revival in Thailand under the leadership of outstanding teachers whose intentions were to raise the standards of Buddhist practise throughout the country.
The monks of this tradition keep very strictly to the original monastic rule laid down by the Buddha known as the vinaya.
The early major schisms in the Buddhist sangha were largely due to disagreements over how strictly the training rules should be applied.
Some opted for a degree of flexibility (some would argue liberality), whereas others took a conservative view believing that the rules should be kept just as the Buddha had framed them.
An example of the strictness of the discipline might be the rule regarding eating: they uphold the rule to only eat between dawn and noon.
In the Thai Forest Tradition, monks and nuns go further and observe the 'one eaters practice', whereby they only eat one meal during the morning.
This special practice is one of the thirteen dhutanga, optional ascetic practices permitted by the Buddha that are used on an occasional or regular basis to deepen meditation practice and promote contentment with subsistence.
Wat Nong Pah Pong includes over 250 branches throughout Thailand, as well as over 15 associated monasteries and ten lay practice centers around the world.
Wat Pah Nanachat was the first monastery in Thailand specifically geared towards training English-speaking Westerners in the monastic Vinaya, as well as the first run by a Westerner.
In 1977, Ajahn Chah and Ajahn Sumedho were invited to visit the United Kingdom by the English Sangha Trust who wanted to form a residential sangha.
1979 saw the founding of Cittaviveka (commonly known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery due to its location in the small hamlet of Chithurst) with Ajahn Sumedho as its head.
Ajahn Chah would remain bedridden and ultimately unable to speak for ten years, until his death on January 16, 1992, at the age of 73.
Cannon's clients in the series varied widely, and the variation in clients led to considerable variation in the formats of the episodes.
Other episodes involved Cannon being hired by a police detective, a former lover, a parent concerned about a missing child, and a child concerned about a parent.
In the first season, Martin Sheen appeared twice as ex-policeman Jerry Warton, but the character did not extend beyond the first year—in fact, in the third season, Sheen guest starred as a lawyer who murdered Cannon's client.
Frank Cannon met Barnaby Jones (Buddy Ebsen), an aging veteran private investigator who had retired and turned over his agency to his son, Hal, when Hal is killed.
On March 18, 2016, VEI re-released the first season on DVD and on April 1, 2016, they re-released the second season.
A series of nine tie-in novels were published in the 1970s by Lancer/Magnum in the United States and Triphammer/Corgi in the United Kingdom.
In the skit, Hill played several staple characters of the genre: Frank Cannon, Robert Ironside, Theo Kojak, Sam McCloud (ironically, all bar the latter were airing on BBC1 at the time rather than on Hill's home of ITV) and, although he was not a part of the genre, Agatha Christie's Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot.
The Highway N193 from Corte goes north passing near the eastern border of the commune however the commune can only be accessed from this side by the D39 from Francardo a tortuous and circuitous road.
The commune can also be accessed from the eastern side from San-Lorenzo on the Highway D39 which has a small connecting road across a bridge to the D39 road which enters the commune from the south and is another tortuous and circuitous route to the village of Aiti.
These mountains are a block of lustrous shale from the Tertiary period during the uplift of the Alps on the Hercynian bedrock at the end of the Paleozoic era.
Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which was a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson.
The series had a tongue-in-cheek flair, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble.
When dressed more casually in episodes centered on outdoor action, Masterson would sometimes wear an identical but gray derby in place of the black one.
According to BMI and the sheet music, the theme music was written by Havens Wray (although incorrectly spelled by BMI as Ravens Wray).
However it was likely written by David Rose, an ASCAP member who couldn't use his own name for a BMI composition.
Columbia Features syndicated a comic strip from September 7, 1959 to April 1960 written by Ed Herron and drawn by Howard Nostrand (Sept. 1959–Dec.
Nostrand was assisted (on backgrounds) by Neal Adams who had just graduated from the School of Industrial Arts; it was among his first professional art jobs.
The show starred Gene Barry as millionaire captain of Los Angeles Police homicide division Amos Burke, who is chauffeured around to solve crimes in his 1962 Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II.
The anomaly of a millionaire police captain is explained in a first episode' conversation between Detective Tim Tilson and a potential witness.
with the name or description of the victim (who invariably dies or is found dead in the show's opening minutes) completing it.
Burke is an eligible bachelor whose dates with various gorgeous women are often interrupted by calls to begin a new case.
He can be - though rarely - distracted by an alluring woman, and is often the object of much female interest.
Burke is assisted by Detective Tim Tilson (Gary Conway), Detective Sergeant Les Hart (Regis Toomey), and chauffeur Henry (Philippine actor Leon Lontoc).
Tilson is a brilliant, thorough, Gung-ho young detective whose skill at finding clues and tracing references result in his 'almost' solving the crime, only to be outflanked by Burke's cool intuition and years of experience.
Les Hart is a no-nonsense, seen-it-all veteran (perhaps a nod to Toomey's numerous roles as cops in feature films) who has known Burke for years, while Henry often provides comic relief.
As in the later series, the episode features several well-known TV and movie stars in cameo appearances as suspects – one of whom is the murderer (in the original Dick Powell episode Ronald Reagan played one of the suspects).
Burke went to work for a secret government agency, but still drove around in his Rolls, which had been discreetly bulletproofed by the agency.
The new show was not a success and only 17 episodes were broadcast instead of the 32 of the first two seasons.
In the 1994 version, Burke was back at work as a police detective, though now as a deputy chief instead of a captain, and was assisted by his son, Peter (Peter Barton).
Barry Allen Darsow (born October 6, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler who performs as Smash, one half of the tag team Demolition.
Throughout his career he worked for Jim Crockett Promotions, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and several regional promotions in the 1980s and 1990s.
Darsow attended high school in Robbinsdale, Minnesota with six other future wrestlers: Curt Hennig, Richard Rood (Rick Rude), Brady Boone, Tom Zenk, John Nord (The Berzerker), and Scott Simpson (Nikita Koloff).
He returned to Hawaii, before he began wrestling in 1983 in Georgia for Georgia Championship Wrestling before moving later that year to Mid-South Wrestling as Crusher Darsow, a turncoat American who was now a Soviet sympathizer and a tag team partner of Nikolai Volkoff.
He changed his name to Krusher Khruschev and won the first ever Mid-South Television Title in a tournament by beating Terry Taylor in the finals on May 2, 1984 but lost it to Taylor on June 16, 1984.
He was awarded a third of the NWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship with Ivan and Nikita Koloff after they fell out with their former partner Don Kernodle.
The Koloffs had already won the NWA World Tag Team Championship and Ivan declared that any two of them could defend the titles.
At Starrcade 1985, on November 28, Khruschev won the vacant NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship by defeating Sam Houston Later on that night, he was in the Koloffs' corner as they lost their Tag titles back to the Express in a cage match with Kernodle in the Express's corner.
After helping Nikita defeat Magnum, Khruschev and Ivan targeted the new NWA United States Tag Team Championship, which was to be awarded to the winners of a tournament.
They reached the finals, held on September 26, 1986, and defeated the Kansas Jayhawks (Dutch Mantel and Bobby Jaggers) with Nikita's help to become the first US Tag Team Champions.
had a car accident that ended his career, and after admitting that he respected his one-time rival, Nikita turned his back on Ivan and Khruschev to team with Magnum's good friend, Dusty Rhodes.
He was brought into the company to be part of the tag team Demolition, which had originally consisted of Bill Eadie as Ax and Randy Colley, who had been Moondog Rex of The Moondogs, as Smash.
Their initial feuds involved the team of Ken Patera and Billy Jack Haynes, and Strike Force (Tito Santana and Rick Martel).
On March 27, 1988 at WrestleMania IV, they defeated Strike Force to win their first WWF World tag team title, which they held for a record 16 months.
During this reign, they fell out with Mr. Fuji as he turned on them to manage their arch-rivals, The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord).
Originally, they were the heels in their rivalry with the Powers of Pain; however, as a result of the incident at the Survivor Series, Demolition became full-fledged babyfaces.
Demolition conclusively won the feud with their ex-manager and his new team when they defeated the Powers and Fuji in a five-man handicap tag match at WrestleMania V.
They regained the title on October 2, but lost them to The Colossal Connection (Haku and André the Giant) on December 13.
They defeated the Connection at WrestleMania VI on April 1, 1990 to become the third full-time team to win three titles in WWF history.
The duo was joined by Crush (Brian Adams) later in 1990, making them a 3-man tag team and the second team Darsow had been involved in whose title reign operated under the Freebird Rule.
After a feud with Legion of Doom, the team dropped down the card and would disband in the spring of 1991, with Crush leaving the WWF for a year and Smash wrestling as a singles wrestler, primarily in house show undercards, where he was used to elevate other stars, such as Kerry Von Erich, Greg Valentine and Ricky Steamboat.
In late 1991, Darsow was repackaged as Repo Man, a ubiquitous, sneaky heel character who delighted in repossessing items such as cars from people when they were late on (or unable to make) their payments.
As Repo Man, Darsow wore a black domino mask (similar to The Lone Ranger and Zorro) and an outfit decorated with tire tracks, and had mannerisms similar to Frank Gorshin's portrayal of The Riddler.
He always carried a tow rope that he would tie up opponents with after defeating them and then assault them after.
Shortly after his debut, he was hired by Ted DiBiase to help him defeat Virgil for the Million Dollar Championship, leading to a series of matches with Virgil.
He also appeared at WrestleMania VIII, teaming with The Mountie and The Nasty Boys to be defeated by The Big Boss Man, Virgil, Hacksaw Jim Duggan and Sgt.
Repo Man lost a match to former partner Crush at SummerSlam, though it was never acknowledged on television that Repo Man was actually Smash.
In 1993, Darsow joined the IAW promotion where he teamed with Paul Roma to win the IAW Tag Team titles on February 4, 1993 (while he was still on the WWF roster).
Darsow went to WCW in 1994 where he was always seen in the front row with a blow horn making noise and berating the faces while they wrestled, and also kicked out of arenas by security.
He often entered the ring in casual wear and a flat cap as if ready to golf and, prior to matches, would offer his opponents a victory if they could make a putt in the ring, often only to sneak attack the opponent.
Due to the blow to the head, in the following weeks, Darsow took on an amnesia gimmick, wherein he would reprise a different one of his past gimmicks every week.
On October 2, 1999, he returned to his Blacktop Bully gimmick, which he used for the remainder of his time in WCW.
The Millennium Wrestling Federation (MWF) helped reunite Darsow with his partner Ax as Demolition and the two appeared at the Wrestling Living Legend's reunion in Windsor, Ontario, Canada in March 2007.
Where they defeated Tag Team Champions Shawn Blanchard and Lou Martin for the KSWA Tag Team Championship, which they would hold for that match only before relinquishing them due to not being able to return for further shows.
Their match against Tony DeVito and Ralph Mosco went to a no contest when local commentator and manager Larry Dallas came out and said his men wanted revenge.
Demolition returned to Chikara on September 16, 2012, taking part in a tag team gauntlet match, from which they eliminated The Devastation Corporation (Blaster McMassive and Max Smashmaster), before being eliminated themselves by their old WWF rivals, the Powers of Pain.
He was also good friends with Curt Hennig, Rick Rude (both of whom he attended high school with), Brady Boone, Dino Bravo, and Brian Adams.
At one match in 2007, at the pay-per-view taping for Driven, against Takeshi Morishima, Pearce pulled a mask similar to the Repo Man's out of his tights and put it on to the delight of the crowd.
In July 2016, Darsow was named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury.
Angelfish was a short-lived early-1990s Scottish alternative rock group originating from Edinburgh, Scotland, formed as a side-project to Scottish group Goodbye Mr Mackenzie, after keyboardist and backing vocalist Shirley Manson was signed as a solo artist to circumvent the Mackenzies' existing record contract.
Montrose is an unincorporated community on the border between Bath Township, Copley Township, and the city of Fairlawn in Summit County, Ohio, United States.
It had been a quiet hamlet for much of its history, with such establishments as a drive-in theater, golf courses and a church.
The current Dean is Don Young, a Republican Party representative from Alaska who has served since 1973, and is the first Republican Dean in more than eighty years, as well as the first from Alaska.
The Dean is a symbolic post whose only customary duty is to swear in a Speaker of the House after he or she is elected.
The Dean comes forward on the House Floor to administer the oath to the Speaker-elect, before the new Speaker then administers the oath to the other members.
While the Dean does swear in newly elected Speakers, he or she does not preside over the election of a Speaker, as do the Father of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and the Dean of the Canadian House of Commons.
Because of other privileges associated with seniority, the Dean is usually allotted some of the most desirable office space, and is generally either chair or ranking minority member of an influential committee.
It is unclear when the position first achieved concrete recognition, though the seniority system and increasing lengths of service emerged in the early 20th century.
When Ed Markey broke Gillett's record for time in the House before moving to the Senate in 2013 he was still decades junior to the sitting Dean.
In the 1952 election, Adolph J. Sabath became the first Representative elected to a 24th term, breaking the record of 23 terms first set by former Speaker Joseph Gurney Cannon, whose service had been discontinuous, whereas Sabath's was not.
North Carolina's Robert L. Doughton had not contested that election as he was retiring at the age of 89 years and two months, a House age record broken in 1998 by Sidney R. Yates, and again by Ralph Hall in 2012.
Claude Pepper, who died early in his final term in 1989, held the record for oldest winner of a House election until Hall broke it in 2012.
However, Sabath died before the new term began and Doughton was Dean for the old term's final months before Speaker Sam Rayburn became Dean in the new Congress.
In 1994, Texas Democrat Jack Brooks was defeated by Steve Stockman in the year he was expected to succeed Jamie Whitten as Dean.
All the members of the First Congress had equal seniority (as defined for the purpose of this article), but Muhlenberg, as the Speaker, was the first member to be sworn in.
Muhlenberg, Hartley and Thatcher were among the 13 members who attended the initial meeting of the House on March 4, 1789.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries some state delegations to the House were often not elected until after the term had begun.
Ellis is well known for sociocultural commentary, both through his online presence and through his writing, which covers transhumanist (most notably nanotechnology, cryonics, mind transfer, and human enhancement) and folkloric themes, often in combination with each other.
Before starting his career as a writer, he ran a bookstore, ran a pub, worked in bankruptcy, worked in a record shop, and lifted compost bags for a living.
He also did some work on the Marvel 2099 imprint, most notably in a storyline in which a futuristic Doctor Doom took over the United States.
He wrote issues 37–50 with artist Tom Raney, and the 11 issues of volume two with artists Oscar Jimenez and Bryan Hitch.
The creator-owned science-fiction series follows the members of a think tank given the task of improving the future, who deal with mistakes made after trying to prevent human innovation from dying off.
Ellis launched a new ongoing comics series featuring James Bond in November 2015, published by Dynamite Entertainment in partnership with Ian Fleming Publications, and illustrated by James Masters.
Though Ellis has left open the possibility of expanding the book past six issues, he said he is focused finishing the story as planned first.
Despite rarely returning to his early work, in October 2016, DC Comics announced a relaunch of the WildStorm publishing line as a new imprint curated by Ellis.
The series begins a complete reboot of the WildStorm Universe, with Ellis saying his goal is for the imprint to be new reader-friendly.
Set to be published by Line Webtoon in 2017, the 26-issue weekly series follows a middle-aged female detective working a murder mystery.
The series followed a television network executive who discovers the existence of aliens and decides to turn the discovery into a reality show.
Several more attempts to bring the limited series to television include writers Scott Nimerfro in 2009, and Rockne S. O’Bannon in 2014, though none have materialized.
In his first talk, titled Our Hopeless Future and Other Comedy, he discussed the power of Twitter and how it can 'break' other people's websites.
In the second, Thinking Differently, he explored how the internet revolution is changing people's lives and asked whether it is changing how people think.
A festival regular, he has returned in subsequent years to debate the risks and rewards of artificial intelligence with physicist Stephen Hawking and collaborator Roger Penrose.
Beat the Clock is a television game show that involves people trying to complete challenges to win prizes while faced with a time limit.
The program has been revived several times over the years, the most recent revival premiered on Universal Kids on February 6, 2018.
Substitute hosts on the original version included Bill Hart (1951), John Reed King (1952), stunt creator Frank Wayne (1953), Bob Kennedy (1954), Win Elliot (1955), and Sonny Fox, who became Collyer's permanent substitute from 1957 to 1960.
Bentley's departure in 1956 coincided with Hazel Bishop's sponsorship and a period of having no main assistant (see production changes below).
Over 20,000 viewers participated, and winner Edward Darnell, of Columbus, Indiana, was flown in to appear with Bennett on the December 2, 1957, show.
Collyer would ask them general questions (usually including where they were from and how long they'd been married) and usually asked if they had children, their ages and genders.
Collyer usually would talk to the children, asking them what they wanted to be when they grew up, or, if the kids were not at the show, to have their parents wave to them on TV.
Collyer would often ask the husband to take off his coat for stunts to make it less cumbersome (there were hooks on the contestants' podium) or Collyer would hold the coat.
The women's jumpsuits, unlike the men's, which were rather plain, were patterned to look like a pair of overalls with a collared blouse underneath.
One couple competed against the clock to win a prize in stunts that required one or both members of the couple.
At one point Collyer said that a 55-second time limit was the maximum, but later on, stunts occasionally had 60-second limits.
On the primetime version, if the couple beat the $200 clock, the wife would play the jackpot clock in which the words of a famous saying or quote were scrambled up on a magnetic board and that phrase had to be unscrambled in 20 seconds or less.
Occasionally, when the wife of the couple did not speak English very well, the husband was allowed to perform the jackpot clock.
The outer ring would light during the $100 clock, the middle ring for the $200 clock, and the center circle would light during the jackpot clock.
The couple playing at the time would attempt the Bonus Stunt for the Bonus Prize that started at $100 in cash.
When it was beaten, it was retired from the show and a new Bonus Stunt began the next week at $100.
The bonus (as the name suggests) did not affect the regular game, and win or lose the couple continued the regular clocks wherever they left off.
Bonus Stunts were harder than the usual $100 and $200 clocks and sometimes reached $2,000 and even $3,000 on rare occasions.
There was usually a special technique for performing the stunt that had to be figured out, but even then, the stunt was usually difficult enough to require some skill or luck once the technique was realized.
Viewers would usually try to figure it out and after a few weeks on the air viewers would often get it (sometimes Collyer would remark that viewers had been writing in and he would give certain dimensions of the props used so viewers could try to figure it out at home).
Usually either contestants themselves would start appearing on the show with the technique in mind, or audience members would shout it out to try to help them.
A stunt would usually take a few weeks before the audience realized the technique, and then a few more weeks before someone was able to properly employ it.
Ultimately the plan was unsuccessful as the ratings never did improve much, perhaps leading to the end of the Super Bonus.
Starting on February 25, 1956, after the last regular Bonus Stunt had been won, it was replaced by the super bonus which started at $10,000 and went up by $1,000 every time a couple failed to beat the clock.
Probably realizing that seeing the same stunt a few times in a row was a bit boring, they moved the Super Bonus right after the $200 clock and before the jackpot clock on March 17, dropping the Longines timer.
Partway through the run of the second Super Bonus, a rolling desk/table with dollar value of the bonus printed on it was used to roll out the props for the stunt.
It is notable that in the earliest surviving episodes from 1952 that air, the original bonus had a similar desk with the value of the bonus on it.
A lucky couple had a chance to win a bundle of cash and their choice of a new car or boat.
Like the original Bonus Stunt, the cash value started at $100, going up each time the stunt was not successfully completed.
The stunts would usually be constructed out of common household props such as cardboard boxes, string, balloons, record players, dishes, cups, plates, cutlery, and balls of almost every type.
Contestants often had to balance something with some part of their body, or race back and forth on the stage (for example, releasing a balloon, running across the stage to do some task, and running back in time to catch the balloon before it floated too high).
Common twists included blindfolding one or both contestants, or telling them they could not use their hands (or feet or any body part that would be obvious to use for whatever the task was).
The other common element in the stunts was to get one of the contestants messy in some way often involving whipped cream, pancake batter, and such (usually limited to the husband of the couple).
Many times the wife would be shown a task, be blindfolded, and then her husband would be quietly brought out and unknown to her she would be covering him with some sort of mess.
Collyer would often stop the clock in the middle of a stunt if the contestant(s) was struggling so he advised them on a better way to do the stunt.
If the time limit was nearly up on a task, he would often give them a few moments extra, or tell them if they started before the clock ran out and succeeded in that attempt, he would count it.
Sometimes if a contestant had come close enough (for example, if they had to stack cups and saucers without the pile falling over, and the contestant knocked the pile over while putting the last cup on top), he would give them the stunt if they did not have time to do it again.
If there was a problem with a prop breaking or running out of a supply, such as balloons, Collyer would simply give the stunt to the couple, citing it as the show's fault.
Similarly, on the messy stunts, since the goal was just to mess up the husband, the time limit was often unimportant and the clock would be stopped when Bud felt the husband was messy enough.
During Sylvania's tenure as sponsor (which began in March 1951), consolation prizes for losing the $100 clock were usually a Sylvania radio.
The sets, as was the style at the time, were freestanding pieces of furniture that sat on legs on the floor with a speaker mounted below the screen.
Various models were given away over the years—sometimes the same model several times in one episode, sometimes a different model each time the Jackpot was won in an episode.
Roxanne (later Beverly) would pose with the TV which was revealed from behind a curtain in a small faux living room.
When it was novel, Collyer would open the box and explain that it would be fun for not just children but adults at parties, and he would point out the working clock and the instructions for stunts and all the props.
Starting on September 6, 1952, girls brought on the show were given a Roxanne doll that was produced at the time.
Initially it wasn't made clear how the couple would get the photo (perhaps mailed to them), but later in the run, the camera would be given to the couple in addition to any their children might already have been given.
For the first season (1969–1970), the show was taped at The Little Theatre on Broadway in New York City, sharing the stage with The Merv Griffin Show and The David Frost Show.
Jack Narz hosted the first three seasons of the series before leaving and his announcer, Gene Wood, replaced him for the remainder of the run.
In addition, if a couple completed a stunt in less than half the time, the remaining time would be used for awarding a cash bonus.
Towards the end of Narz' tenure as host, stunts would be replaced in the second half of the show with the celebrity playing a game of intuition with the couples, who would play for a cash prize that was divided among them.
Narz had to pay for his travel, and the cost of airline fare between his Los Angeles home and Montreal became prohibitive.
His travel costs were essentially equal to his earnings, and even a successful appeal to Mark Goodson for more money was not enough.
CFCF-TV Montreal staff announcer Nick Holenreich became the show's announcer (he had previously announced for a week during Narz's final season in which Wood was the celebrity guest).
The only changes in the format were that couples were introduced separately and played two stunts, win or lose (a win still getting a trip to the Cash Board), and both couples competed simultaneously in a final stunt, with the winning couple receiving a prize.
Wood returned to voice-over work, and went on to a 20-year career announcing Los Angeles-based shows for Goodson-Todman and occasionally other packagers.
Two episodes from the Narz era were aired in late 2005 to pay tribute to Bob Denver and Louis Nye, both of whom had recently died.
The champion couple (or champion-designate if the previous episode had ended with a retiring champion couple) wore red sweaters while the opposing couple wore green.
One stunt usually featured the women of the couples, while the other featured the men, though the other partner sometimes had to help as well.
The stunts were conducted for 60 seconds and were either races against the clock to perform an objective or competitions to outscore the opponent in the stunt before the clock ran out.
In the former case, the clock was run as a fail safe, and if neither couple managed to complete the stunt, the team furthest along won.
Hall would then bring the winning couple across the stage to compete in a stunt by themselves for an additional $500.
After Hall described the stunt and what both partners had to do, the clock was set and the couple had to complete the stunt in the allotted time.
If there was a tie, a coin was tossed with the winners going first and there were only two pucks per side.
The first stripe was worth $300 and each subsequent stripe was worth $100 more, with the stripe at the very end of the table worth $1,000.
Pucks had to remain on the table to count, and if a puck failed to reach the first stripe it was taken off the board and discarded.
The teams were allowed to try to knock each other's pucks off the board if they so desired but did so at their own risk, as they could just as easily knock their own puck off the board or push a puck up the board and onto a higher value.
The team whose puck was furthest along on the board after all pucks had been thrown won the money attached to the space their puck was touching and became the day's champions.
Hall would give the objective of the Bonus Stunt to the champion couple, then the clock would be set and the couple had to complete the stunt before time ran out.
If they did so, as previously mentioned, they won ten times their Bonus Shuffle score for a maximum of $10,000 and a new Bonus Stunt would be played on the next show.
If a Bonus Stunt was played five consecutive times without a couple managing to complete it, the stunt would be replaced with a new one.
A team could win up to $13,000 in one day if they managed to win all four stunts in the main game, score $1,000 in the Bonus Shuffle, and win the Bonus Stunt.
The Christmas episode with Ronnie Schell, Joyce Bulifant, Johnny Brown, and Patti Deutsch has aired on GSN in the past during Christmas-themed marathons.
The series aired on GSN between September 10, 2007, and September 2008 in a late Saturday and Sunday night slot but was pulled from the schedule after beginning the final week.
The first couple to complete the stunt got 10 points and the advantage of having to play a 30-second solo stunt first, as well as the ability to assign the stunts to the other teams- prior to gameplay the couple was shown 3 items on a tray that represented the stunts themselves, picked one for themselves to play, and divided the other two among the remaining players.
Answering it correctly gave the team 10 extra seconds to complete the stunt and both parts had to be answered correctly, one by each player, in order to get those 10 seconds.
10 points were given for completing the stunt with one additional point for each second remaining on the clock (for example, if a couple completed a stunt with three seconds remaining, they scored 13 points for the round).
In a stunt like this, the first place couple's ring tosser would be closest to their partner, the second place couple would be slightly further back, and the third place couple would be the furthest back (the first place couple was always given an advantage, with the second having less of one and the third the least).
In this case, the female half of the couple was given the option to answer it, have her partner answer it, or pass it to the other team to make them answer.
The two couples then bid down from a base time of two minutes to see who could complete the stunt in the fastest amount of time, and bidding continued until one team challenged the other to beat the clock.
The stunt was then played, and if the challenged couple completed it they won the game and advanced to the bonus game.
Once inside the machine, both players tried to grab as much money and prize vouchers as they could within a 1-minute time limit.
There were three standing rules- both players could grab items but they had to be placed in a bag worn around the male partner's waist, they couldn't bend over and pick up anything off the floor (although they could kick items off the floor into the air), and once the buzzer sounded, they had to put their hands up and stop.
Later in the run, several gold certificates were added to the machine and if the couple picked one up, the cash they had grabbed would be doubled.
The new version, (taped in Los Angeles, making it the second version taped there) features children and adults competing as teams and was hosted by Paul Costabile.
Two teams of two kids (sometimes one kid and his/her adult relative) (one dressed in purple and the other dressed in green) in a mad race against time filled with zany stunts & challenges.
Both teams get to keep the cash, but the team with the most money at the end of round three wins the game and goes on to try and Beat The Big Clock for over $2,000; in the event of a tie, whoever completes the task first, or does the most tasks within the time limit in the head to head wins.
Each part completed is worth $250, and completing all four parts wins the team $2,000, along with a $1,000 donation to a children's charity of the team's choice.
Examples include bombers converted to carry experimental aircraft to altitudes where they can conduct their research (such as the B-52 carrying the X-15), or ships that carry small submarines to an area of ocean to be explored (such as the Atlantis II carrying the Alvin).
Mother ships can carry small submersibles and submarines to an area of ocean to be explored (such as the Atlantis II carrying the Alvin).
During the age of the great airships, the United States built two rigid airships, and , with onboard hangars able to house a number of Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk biplane fighters.
In the air launch role, a large carrier aircraft or mother ship carries a smaller payload aircraft to a launch point and then releases it.
Notable among these was the use during the 1960s of a modified Boeing B-52 Stratofortress for the repeated launching of the North American X-15.
In a captive carry arrangement the payload craft, such as a rocket, missile, aeroplane or spaceplane, does not separate from the carrier aircraft.
Some large long-range aircraft have been modified as motherships in order to carry parasite aircraft which support the mothership by extending its role, for example for reconnaissance, or acting in a support role such as fighter defence.
During World War II the Soviet Tupolev-Vakhmistrov Zveno project developed converted Tupolev TB-1 and TB-3 aircraft to carry and launch up to five smaller craft, typically in roles such as fighter escort or fighter-bomber.
During the early days of the jet age, fighter aircraft could not fly long distances and still match point-defence fighters or interceptors in dogfighting.
In November 2014, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) requested industry proposals for a system in which small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) would be launched and recovered by their existing conventional large aircraft, including the B-52 Stratofortress and B-1 Lancer bombers and C-130 Hercules and C-17 Globemaster III transports.
Both the 1962 American Ranger and the 1966 Soviet Luna unmanned landers were spherical capsules designed to be ejected at the last moment from mother ships that carried them to the Moon, and crashed onto its surface.
In the manned Apollo program, astronauts in the Lunar Module left the Command/Service Module mother ship in lunar orbit, descended to the surface, and returned to dock in a lunar orbit rendezvous with the mother ship once more for the return to Earth.
There have been numerous sightings of UFOs claimed to be mother ships, many in the U.S. during the summer of 1947.
The concept of a mother ship also occurs in science fiction, extending the idea to spaceships that serve as the equivalent of flagships among a fleet.
She was launched on 26 August 1941, sponsored by Mrs. Elizabeth H. Hogan, and commissioned on 15 December 1941, with Lieutenant Commander Creed C. Burlingame (Class of 1927) in command.
Patrol boats were closing in as the submarine, probably the only American submarine to make an attack while flying the Japanese flag, quickly left the vicinity.
She scored damaging hits on a large tanker on the night of 14 August and, on 31 August, sank two enemy trawlers before returning to Pearl Harbor.
While far out at sea on the night of 22 December, the submarine's pharmacist's mate, PM1 Thomas Moore, performed a successful emergency appendectomy on FM2 George Platter, using ether as anaesthesia and using rudimentary tools primarily fashioned from kitchen utensils.
With the operation over at 3:00 on 23 December, the submarine surfaced only to be immediately forced down by a Japanese destroyer and compelled to endure a severe depth charge attack.
Additionally, a Japanese airplane had arrived on the scene, and proceeded to drop three bombs on the submarine, severely damaging her bow planes and causing them to lock on full dive.
Since it was impossible to disarm the torpedo, the commanding officer decided to attempt to refire it, an extremely dangerous maneuver.
When a serious oil leak was discovered later that night, the submarine left the patrol area two days ahead of schedule and returned to Pearl Harbor on 31 January for a major overhaul.
On the 28th a frigate bird made a high level bombing attack, scoring a direct hit on the bare head and beard of the OOD, Lt. Bienia.
Continuing on, the submarine's primary mission for this patrol was to lay a minefield in Steffan Strait, between New Hanover and New Ireland, but she did not neglect enemy shipping.
had been badly damaged in a severe depth charging and was forced to surface and try to escape while fighting enemy escorts in a gun battle, a task for which a submarine is badly outmatched.
Although she again found few worthwhile targets, the submarine did manage to damage a large freighter and to sink a trawler before returning to Pearl Harbor on 29 April.
On 22 July, she rescued a downed fighter pilot from the light aircraft carrier , and two days later recovered a downed United States Army Air Forces airman.
After shifting to New London, Connecticut, she was decommissioned on 17 April 1946 and placed in reserve until 15 October 1947, when she was placed in service as a training ship for Naval Reservists at Chicago, Illinois.
After a 1949 overhaul, she remained at Chicago in support of Naval Reserve training as a stationary training vessel for the rest of her service.
The last time the Silversides was dry-docked was after the war, in 1949, when the submarine went into the reserve fleet and her solid brass propellers were removed.
For years, the submarine was tended by a small crew of dedicated volunteers, drawn to her illustrious history and technical marvels.
They donated tens of thousands of man-hours to restore her, maintained her at their own expense, and served as docents and chaperones.
When association volunteers first stepped on board, they faced a musty, mildewed sub with paint peeling off in sheets inside and out, and junk scattered everywhere.
After many years, the refrigeration compartment had produced a growth so thick, they could be measured in multiple inches instead of millimeters.
Topside, the decking was weathered and worn in spots and some areas of the superstructure were rusted and in need of replacement.
Rotted lines were replaced and the boat re-secured to the pier, the bilges were pumped dry, electric power and heat were brought on board and a leak in the No.
Considerable rewiring was done to bring light to all areas of the boat, the plumbing underwent investigation for leaks sprung in once-frozen pipes and a crew set about surveying the Fairbanks Morse 38D8 nine-cylinder, , opposed-piston engines.
In 1987, the submarine was moved to Muskegon, Michigan, to serve as the centerpiece of the new Great Lakes Naval Memorial & Museum.
She is officially credited with sinking 23 ships, the third-most of any allied World War II submarine, behind only the and , according to JANAC figures.
Originally opened as the Great Lakes Naval Memorial & Museum, the museum is now known as the USS Silversides Submarine Museum, which also includes (a United States Coast Guard cutter) and a museum building.
The University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS, ) is an advanced research facility for aeronautics and aerospace engineering, located in the Downsview district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Established in 1949 by founding Director Gordon N. Patterson, the institute is managed by the University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering and mainly receives funding from governmental agencies such as the National Research Council, the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Space Agency.
Notable international sponsors include the European Space Agency, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, NASA Ames Research Center and the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
In 1970, the institute was involved in the emergency rescue of the Apollo 13 astronauts, after the mission was aborted by a major accident en route to the Moon.
Engineers and scientists at UTIAS calculated the amount of pressure needed to separate the Lunar Module from the Command/Service Module without damaging the hatch, allowing the crew to survive the re-entry to Earth.
Observing the 40th anniversary of the incident in 2010, lunar module pilot Fred Haise wrote a letter thanking the UTIAS team for its contribution.
In recent years, the institute has produced the world's first microwave-powered aircraft, the world's first engine-powered ornithopter (both inventions of James DeLaurier), and Canada's first space telescope, MOST.
The major expertise areas represented are aircraft design, particularly at subsonic speeds, flight simulation, space mechatronics and robotics, microsatellite technology, computational fluid dynamics and nuclear fusion.
The show began running multi-episode stories, starting with the first five episodes of season four; Casey developed a romantic relationship with Jane Hancock (Stella Stevens), who had just emerged from a coma after 15 years.
At the beginning of season five (the last season), Jaffe left the show and Franchot Tone replaced Zorba as new chief of neurosurgery, Doctor Daniel Niles Freeland.
Its theme music was written by David Raksin; a version performed by pianist Valjean was a top 40 hit in the United States.
On October 9, 2019, CBS Home Entertainment released the first season on DVD in Region 1, in 2 volume sets, for the very first time.
The covers of the books featured photographs of Edwards as Casey, or in the case of the last novel, a drawing of a doctor with Edwards' appearance.
In the song, Loudermilk refers to the TV doctor's wide-ranging medical abilities and asks whether Casey has any cure for heartbreak.
The skits opened with a spoof of the chalkboard sequence, adding one more symbol at the end — a dollar sign ($), accompanied by a laugh track.
Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 – April 2, 1720) was a colonial administrator, a native of Roxbury in Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the son of one of its founders.
He had a leading role in the administration of the Dominion of New England (1686–1689) which was overthrown in the 1689 Boston revolt.
He served briefly on the council of the Province of New York where he oversaw the trial which convicted Jacob Leisler, the ringleader of Leisler's Rebellion.
He then spent eight years in England in the 1690s as Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight, including one year as a Member of Parliament for Newtown (Isle of Wight).
In 1702, he returned to New England after being appointed governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and Province of New Hampshire, posts that he held until 1715.
His rule of Massachusetts was characterized by hostility and tension, with political enemies opposing his attempts to gain a regular salary and regularly making complaints about his official and private actions.
Most of his tenure was dominated by the French and Indian Wars, in which the two provinces were on the front lines with New France and suffered from a series of major and minor French and Indian raids.
He orchestrated an unsuccessful attempt to capture the Acadian capital of Port Royal in 1707, raised provincial militia forces for its successful capture in 1710, and directed an unsuccessful expedition against Quebec in 1711.
Dudley's governorship initiated a hostility in Massachusetts toward royal governance, most frequently over the issue of the salaries of crown officials.
The colonial legislature routinely challenged or disputed the prerogatives of the governor, and this hostility affected most of the governors of Massachusetts up to the American Revolutionary War and the end of British rule.
His mother was Katherine Dudley (née Dighton or Deighton; formerly Hackburne) and his father was Thomas Dudley, one of the founders and leading magistrates of the colony.
He became a member of the Massachusetts General Court representing Roxbury in 1673, and he was elected to the colony's council of assistants in 1676.
King Philip's War broke out in 1675, and Dudley was a commissioner who accompanied the colonial troops into the field against the Indians.
He served for several years as a commissioner to the New England Confederation, and was sent by the administration on diplomatic missions to neighboring Indian communities.
The colony's governance came under the scrutiny of King Charles II in the 1660s, and it faced a substantial threat in the late 1670s.
Crown agent Edward Randolph was sent to New England in 1676 to collect customs duties and to enforce the Navigation Acts, and in the process he documented a list of issues and took his complaints to the Lords of Trade in London.
Dudley was part of a moderate faction which supported accommodating the king's demands, along with his brother-in-law Simon Bradstreet and William Stoughton, and they were opposed by others who did not want the crown to interfere in the colony's business.
In 1682, Massachusetts sent Dudley and John Richards to London as agents to represent its case to the Lords of Trade.
Dudley brought a letter of introduction from Plymouth Governor Thomas Hinckley to colonial secretary William Blathwayt, and the favorable relationship that he established with Blathwayt contributed to his future success as a colonial administrator, but it also raised suspicions in the colony about his motives and ability to represent the colony's interests.
The authority of the agents was limited, and the Lords of Trade insisted to the colonial administration that their agents be authorized to negotiate modifications to the colonial charter.
Dudley brought this news to Boston at the end of 1683, igniting a heated debate in the legislature, with the opposition party again prevailing.
The leadership of the opposition included Reverend Increase Mather, and they began to view the accommodationists as enemies of the colony, including Dudley and Bradstreet.
The episode also led to accusations that Dudley had secretly schemed in London to have the charter vacated as a means of personal advancement.
The opposition viewed this as evidence that he was hostile to the present order of the colony and was working against his commission as colonial agent.
As a result, rumors began circulating in Boston in late 1684 that Dudley might be appointed governor, with Randolph as his deputy.
The charter was annulled in 1684, and the Lords of Trade began planning to combine the New England colonies into a single province called the Dominion of New England.
However, there were difficulties in drafting a commission for intended governor Sir Edmund Andros, and this prompted Randolph to propose an interim appointment.
Dudley was chosen for this post based on Randolph's recommendation, and a commission was issued to him on October 8, 1685 as President of the Council of New England.
Randolph arrived in Boston with Dudley's charter on May 14, 1686 and Dudley formally took charge of Massachusetts on May 25, but his rule did not begin auspiciously.
A number of Massachusetts magistrates had been named to his council but they refused to serve, and he was unable to reconcile with Increase Mather, who refused to see him.
Dudley made a number of judicial appointments, generally favoring the political moderates who had supported accommodation of the king's wishes in the battle over the old charter.
He renewed treaties with the Indians of northern New England, and traveled to the Narragansett Country in June to formally establish his authority there.
His commission did not give him authority to introduce new revenue laws, and the Massachusetts government had repealed all such laws in 1683 in anticipation of losing their charter.
Furthermore, many people refused to pay the remaining taxes on the grounds that they had been enacted by the old government and were thus invalid.
Dudley and Randolph also attempted to introduce the Church of England into New England, but they were largely unsuccessful; they did not have buildings to house their new churches, and they recognized the danger of forcing Colonial churches to share their buildings with the Church of England.
Dudley and Randolph enforced the Navigation Acts, although they did not adhere to the letter of the law, understanding that some provisions of the acts were unfair, such as requiring payments of multiple duties.
Some violations were overlooked, and they suggested to the Lords of Trade that the laws be modified to ameliorate these conditions.
While Dudley governed, the Lords of Trade decided to include the colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut in the dominion, based on a petition from Dudley's council.
Andros' commission had been issued in June, and he was given an annex to the commission with instructions to bring Rhode Island and Connecticut under his authority.
However, travel was difficult, and the government did not reimburse travel expenses; consequently, his council was dominated by representatives from Boston and Plymouth.
Dudley's position as judge brought him the harshest criticisms and complaints, in particular when he enforced unpopular laws imposed by Andros concerning taxes, town meetings, and land titles.
Since he was ill, he was released into house arrest upon payment of a £1,000 bond, but a group descended on his home and carried him back to jail.
He stayed in jail for ten months, in part for his own safety, and was then sent back to England at the command of King William, along with Andros and other dominion leaders.
Colonial authorities brought charges against Andros and Dudley, but none of their agents in London were prepared to take responsibility for making those charges in court, so they were dismissed and both men were freed.
Coxe was a proprietor of West Jersey and he considered Dudley for the post of lieutenant governor there, and Dudley was eventually recommended as chief of council to New York governor Henry Sloughter which he took up in 1691.
In addition to his council duties, he negotiated with New York's Indians and sat as chief judge in the trial of Jacob Leisler, who had led the rebellion in 1689 that overthrew Andros' lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson.
Governor Sloughter was initially opposed to immediately executing Leisler and his main ally and son-in-law Jacob Milborne, preferring to defer the decision to the king.
But he changed his mind under pressure from anti-Leisler forces in his council, and the two men were executed on 16 May 1691.
Cotton Mather claimed that Dudley was an influential force arguing for Leisler's execution, although this is disputed by testimony from anti-Leisler councillor Nicholas Bayard.
Dudley left New York for his home in Roxbury in 1692 and re-established connections with political friends such as William Stoughton, who had just been appointed lieutenant governor of the newly chartered Province of Massachusetts Bay under Sir William Phips.
He acquired a patron in Baron Cutts, who engineered his appointment as lieutenant governor of the Isle of Wight where Cutts had been appointed governor.
Dudley and Cutts assisted each other politically; Cutts worked to advance Dudley's agenda in London, while Dudley worked to promote that of Cutts on Wight.
Dudley manipulated the parliamentary election processes on the island to ensure that Cutts' chosen candidates were elected, which made Cutts highly unpopular on Wight—although he continued as its governor until his death in 1707.
Dudley also tried to assist Cutts with some financial difficulties, and he schemed with Cutts' father-in-law to gain permission to mint coins for use in New England.
Dudley's principal object of intrigue was the removal of William Phips as Massachusetts governor, something that he did not hide from the colony's agents.
Phips' rule was unpopular in Massachusetts, and he was recalled to England to answer a variety of charges brought by his opponents.
Dudley caused Phips to be arrested shortly after his arrival, on the charge that Phips had withheld customs money from the crown.
Phips died in February 1695 before the charges were heard, and Dudley was optimistic that he would be named the next governor.
Cutts continued to be active on Dudley's behalf, and he secured him election as a Member of Parliament representing Newtown in 1701.
He managed temporarily to mend political fences with Constantine Phips and Cotton Mather, and he began lobbying for the Massachusetts governorship after the death of Bellomont in 1701.
In this he was successful, receiving commissions as governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire on 1 April 1702 from Queen Anne.
Dudley served as governor until 1715, and his administration was marked by regular conflict with the general court, particularly in the early years.
He and all of the succeeding royal governors, however, were unsuccessful in extracting this concession from the Colonial legislature, and it became a regular source of friction between representatives of crown and colony.
Dudley also angered the powerful Mather family when he awarded the presidency of Harvard to John Leverett instead of Cotton Mather.
He consistently vetoed the election of councilors and speakers of the general court who had acted against him in 1689, further increasing his unpopularity in Massachusetts.
In contrast, his tenure as Governor of New Hampshire was popular; its legislature specifically praised him to the Queen after learning of complaints levelled against him by his Massachusetts opponents.
He attempted to forestall French-orchestrated Indian hostilities by meeting with Indians at Casco Bay in June 1703, but the French had already begun rallying them to their cause and the war began with raids on the settlements of southern Maine in August 1703.
Dudley called out the militia and licensed privateers to raid French shipping, such as Thomas Larimore; he also fortified the Massachusetts and New Hampshire frontiers from the Connecticut River to southern Maine.
The French and Indians raided Deerfield in February 1704, prompting calls for retaliation, and Dudley authorized aging Indian fighter Benjamin Church to lead an expedition against settlements in Acadia.
Boston merchants and the Mathers accused Dudley of being in league with smugglers and others who were illegally trading with the French, in part because he specifically refused permission for Church to attack the Acadian capital and commercial center of Port Royal.
He sought to forestall these criticisms in 1707 when he sent the colonial militia on a fruitless expedition against Port Royal.
Dudley again rallied the provincial militias for a planned expedition against Quebec in 1709, but the supporting expedition from England was called off.
Support arrived from England in 1710, and a successful siege led to the fall of Port Royal and the beginning of the Province of Nova Scotia.
The war quieted to some extent after the fall of Port Royal, with only small raiding parties hitting frontier communities, and peace came in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht.
He hoped to separate the western Kennebec tribe from French influence and consequently adopted a fairly hard line, threatening to withhold trade that was vital to their survival and reiterating claims of British sovereignty over them.
Nevertheless, Dudley and succeeding governors treated the Abenaki as British subjects, and friction persisted over British colonial expansion into Maine which flared into Dummer's War in the 1720s.
The province had been issuing paper currency since the 1690s, and the issue of large amounts of this currency was causing it to depreciate compared to precious metals used in other currencies.
Business leaders who borrowed money were happy to pay it back later with depreciated currency, while lenders sought reforms to stabilize the currency.
In 1714, Dudley's opponents proposed that a bank should issue as much as £50,000 in currency, secured by the shareholder's real estate properties.
In 1713, surveys determined that the border between Massachusetts and the Connecticut Colony had been incorrectly sited in the 17th century, and that Massachusetts had consequently distributed lands that actually belonged to Connecticut.
Dudley and Connecticut Governor Gurdon Saltonstall negotiated an agreement in which Massachusetts would retain those lands but would grant to Connecticut an equivalent amount of land.
The Equivalent Lands amounted to over on either side of the Connecticut River in northern Massachusetts, southeastern Vermont, and southwestern New Hampshire.
Dudley's commission expired in 1714, six months after the death of Queen Anne, as did that of Lieutenant Governor William Tailer.
They assumed control of the government on February 14, 1715 under the provisions of the provincial charter concerning governance in the absence of the governor and his lieutenant.
Just six weeks later, news arrived from England that Dudley's commission had been temporarily confirmed by King George I, and he was reinstated on March 21.
However, Dudley's political opponents were active in London, especially those involved in the land bank proposal, and they convinced the king to appoint Colonel Elizeus Burges as governor later in the year.
Jonathan Belcher and Jeremiah Dummer, the brother of Dudley's son-in-law William Dummer, bribed Burges to resign his commission without leaving England in April 1716, and a new commission was issued to Samuel Shute, who promised to oppose attempts to introduce the land bank.
He died in Roxbury on April 2, 1720 and was buried next to his father in Roxbury's Eliot Burying Ground, accompanied with the pomp and ceremony appropriate to his position.
His son Paul served as attorney general and chief justice of Massachusetts, and Dudley, Massachusetts is named for his sons Paul and William, who were its first proprietors.
The Worcester properties he purchased from the Nipmuc in partnership with William Stoughton, and he was granted land in Oxford, Massachusetts for the purpose of settling French Huguenots.
He frequently used his position to ensure that his land titles were judicially cleared, especially when president of the dominion and governor of the province.
He capitalized on his favorable family connections to the Puritan leadership of Massachusetts to establish connections in England, but then betrayed those Massachusetts connections when it became necessary to further his quest for power.
It uses a decision tree (as a predictive model) to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value (represented in the leaves).
Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels.
A decision tree or a classification tree is a tree in which each internal (non-leaf) node is labeled with an input feature.
The arcs coming from a node labeled with an input feature are labeled with each of the possible values of the target or output feature or the arc leads to a subordinate decision node on a different input feature.
Each leaf of the tree is labeled with a class or a probability distribution over the classes, signifying that the data set has been classified by the tree into either a specific class, or into a particular probability distribution (which, if the decision tree is well-constructed, is skewed towards certain subsets of classes).
A tree is built by splitting the source set, constituting the root node of the tree, into subsets - which constitute the successor children.
The recursion is completed when the subset at a node has all the same values of the target variable, or when splitting no longer adds value to the predictions.
In data mining, decision trees can be described also as the combination of mathematical and computational techniques to aid the description, categorization and generalization of a given set of data.
The term Classification And Regression Tree (CART) analysis is an umbrella term used to refer to both of the above procedures, first introduced by Breiman et al.
Trees used for regression and trees used for classification have some similarities - but also some differences, such as the procedure used to determine where to split.
A special case of a decision tree is a decision list, which is a one-sided decision tree, so that every internal node has exactly 1 leaf node and exactly 1 internal node as a child (except for the bottommost node, whose only child is a single leaf node).
While less expressive, decision lists are arguably easier to understand than general decision trees due to their added sparsity, permit non-greedy learning methods and monotonic constraints to be imposed.
A decision tree is a flow-chart-like structure, where each internal (non-leaf) node denotes a test on an attribute, each branch represents the outcome of a test, and each leaf (or terminal) node holds a class label.
ID3 and CART were invented independently at around the same time (between 1970 and 1980), yet follow a similar approach for learning a decision tree from training tuples.
Algorithms for constructing decision trees usually work top-down, by choosing a variable at each step that best splits the set of items.
These metrics are applied to each candidate subset, and the resulting values are combined (e.g., averaged) to provide a measure of the quality of the split.
Used by the CART (classification and regression tree) algorithm for classification trees, Gini impurity is a measure of how often a randomly chosen element from the set would be incorrectly labeled if it was randomly labeled according to the distribution of labels in the subset.
The Gini impurity can be computed by summing the probability formula_5 of an item with label formula_6 being chosen times the probability formula_7 of a mistake in categorizing that item.
The Gini impurity is also an information theoretic measure and corresponds to Tsallis Entropy with deformation coefficient formula_8, which in Physics is associated with the lack of information in out-of-equlibrium, non-extensive, dissipative and quantum systems.
To compute Gini impurity for a set of items with formula_10 classes, suppose formula_11, and let formula_5 be the fraction of items labeled with class formula_6 in the set.
where formula_16are fractions that add up to 1 and represent the percentage of each class present in the child node that results from a split in the tree.
To construct a decision tree on this data, we need to compare the information gain of each of four trees, each split on one of the four features.
The split with the highest information gain will be taken as the first split and the process will continue until all children nodes are pure, or until the information gain is 0.
To find the information of the split, we take the weighted average of these two numbers based on how many observations fell into which node.
Introduced in CART, variance reduction is often employed in cases where the target variable is continuous (regression tree), meaning that use of many other metrics would first require discretization before being applied.
where formula_25, formula_26, and formula_27 are the set of presplit sample indices, set of sample indices for which the split test is true, and set of sample indices for which the split test is false, respectively.
In a decision graph, it is possible to use disjunctions (ORs) to join two more paths together using minimum message length (MML).
Decision graphs have been further extended to allow for previously unstated new attributes to be learnt dynamically and used at different places within the graph.
Libertalia was a legendary free colony forged by pirates and the pirate Captain Misson, although some historians have expressed doubts over its existence outside of literature.
Misson's idea was to have his society be a society in which people of all colors, creeds, and beliefs were to be free of any scrutiny.
Tew had no idea such a society could be established, Tew had lost his quartermaster and 23 men of his crew when they had left to form a settlement further up the Madagascan coast.
Off the coast of Angola, Tew and his men captured another English slave ship along with 240 men, women, and children.
These radical ideas and stories that were associated with Misson resonated throughout the world, and most importantly throughout the pirate community.
Misson and the rest of the pirate community were strongly opposed to the various forms of authoritarian social constructs such as monarchies, slavery, and capital.
They envisioned a society where the people as a whole held the authority to make laws and rules, and used systems of councils with elected delegates.
While cruising round the coast of Madagascar, Misson found a perfect bay in an area with fertile soil, fresh water and friendly natives.
Shortly after the beginning of building work on the colony of Libertalia, the Victoire ran into the pirate Thomas Tew, who decided to accompany them back to Libertalia.
Such a colony was no new idea to Tew; he had lost his quartermaster and 23 of his crew when they had left to form a settlement further up the Madagascan coast.
The African members of the pirate crew discovered many friends and relatives among the enslaved and struck off their fetters and handcuffs, regaling them with the glories of their new life of liberty.
Below the fort, under the protection of the forts, was where the living quarters along with the rest of the town was located.
Samuel Roy Hagar (born October 13, 1947), also known as The Red Rocker, is an American rock vocalist, songwriter, musician, and entrepreneur.
He enjoyed commercial success when he replaced David Lee Roth as the lead singer of Van Halen in 1985, but left in 1996.
On March 12, 2007, Hagar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Van Halen.
Named after his maternal grandfather, Samuel Roy Hagar was born in Salinas, California, United States, on October 13, 1947, but his family soon moved to Fontana, where his father worked at the Kaiser Steel Mill.
Hagar was also a member of a string of other pre-Montrose bands including Big Bang, Skinny, Dustcloud, Cotton, Jimmy, and Manhole.
He next became a member of the Justice Brothers, along with guitarist Bob Anglin, keyboardist Al Shane, bassist Jeff Nicholson, and drummer David Lauser.
Bassist Bill Church (whom Montrose had fired after the first album) and drummer Denny Carmassi eventually played in Hagar's backing band.
Hagar left Capitol for the newly formed Geffen Records and made some personnel changes, including enlisting long-time friend and former Justice Brothers bandmate David Lauser as his drummer.
In 1983 and 1984, Hagar and Neal Schon formed the supergroup HSAS (Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve) along with former Foghat bassist Kenny Aaronson and former Santana drummer Michael Shrieve.
The tracks which appeared on the album were recorded live, but crowd noise was removed during the mixing process to create the feel of a studio album.
In 1985, after parting ways with vocalist David Lee Roth, the remaining members of the band Van Halen contacted many potential replacements.
In July, given Eddie Van Halen's appreciation of Montrose and at his car mechanic's suggestion, the band auditioned and quickly hired Hagar to fill the opening.
Hagar disagreed with a decision to record two new tracks for a greatest hits album after the band had agreed to take time off following their 1995 world tour.
This issue was pushed by Van Halen's new manager Ray Danniels, Alex Van Halen's brother-in-law, brought in after the death of their longtime manager Ed Leffler.
Hagar wanted instead to record a new studio album, but only after Eddie, Alex, and Hagar's pregnant wife had all dealt with their respective medical issues.
Although there are several versions of how the split occurred, Hagar has stated that the final straw came when he was with his wife in Hawaii, where they had arranged for a natural delivery of the baby, and Eddie wanted him back in the studio in California.
Hagar claimed to have flown to Los Angeles with his wife only to discover that she could not fly back to Hawaii.
When Van Halen again parted ways with Roth, instead of rehiring Hagar, the band hired Gary Cherone, the former lead singer of Extreme, also managed by Danniels.
Having jammed as a trio in 1992, Hagar, drummer David Lauser, and Van Halen bassist Michael Anthony formed the harmony-singing rock band Los Tres Gusanos (in English, The Three Worms) in 1993.
Playing a mixture of Hagar, Van Halen, and cover songs at Cabo Wabo and in San Francisco, California, the band got together a few times a year.
Initially active until 1996, Los Tres Gusanos regrouped in 2002, then again in 2005, and has performed together many times since.
Musician Robert Berry stood in for Michael Anthony in 1996 and 1998 while the bass player fulfilled his touring commitments with Van Halen.
Like related project Planet Us, Los Tres Gusanos has played at the BAMMIES (aka the California Music Awards) and is known for its live performances.
Similarly, neither band has ever made any official releases, although a number of unofficial bootleg live recordings have been widely circulated on CD and download, though these tend to be credited to Van Halen even when Hagar refers to Los Tres Gusanos by name during the recorded performances.
In 1999, he formed a long-term band, called The Waboritas: David Lauser returned on drums, as did Jesse Harms on keyboards, and new to the mix was former The Bus Boys guitarist Vic Johnson, and former Tommy Tutone bassist Mona Gnader.
In the summer of 2002, Roth and Hagar teamed up in the Song For Song, the Heavyweight Champs of Rock and Roll Tour (also known as the 'Sans-Halen' or 'Sam & Dave' Tour).
The tour attracted media and audience fascination because it seemed more improbable than even a Van Halen tour with Roth or Hagar.
In 2002, with Van Halen still unreformed at this point, Hagar joined again with guitarists Neal Schon of Journey and later Joe Satriani to form a new side project called Planet Us, along with Van Halen member Michael Anthony on bass and Deen Castronovo (also of Journey) on drums.
Despite big intentions, the band only recorded two songs and played live a few times before dissolving when Hagar and Anthony rejoined Van Halen.
After the successful tour with David Lee Roth, Hagar started thinking about his former Van Halen bandmates, calling Alex in late 2003 following a tip from a mutual friend.
The relationship between Hagar and Van Halen eventually got so strained that they completed the tour using two separate charter jets, one for Hagar and Michael Anthony and one for Eddie and Alex.
Hagar said in an interview (and later confirmed in greater detail in his 2011 autobiography) that Eddie had changed and wasn't the same person anymore.
In 2005, Hagar continued to play with The Waboritas as he toured the Atlantic coast and the Midwest and added ex-Van Halen bass player Michael Anthony.
He often credits St. Louis fans and the radio station KSHE in St. Louis with helping to launch his professional career.
In 2008, Hagar formed a supergroup named Chickenfoot with Michael Anthony, Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith, and guitar virtuoso Joe Satriani.
Led Zeppelin songs were also featured in homage to Led Zeppelin, due to the fact that Jason is the son of its drummer, John Bonham.
Previously, Hagar collaborated with Washburn Guitars, which made a Hagar signature guitar named Washburn RR150, which featured Seymour Duncan pickups and a piezo pickup incorporated into the bridge.
Currently, he uses Blackstar and Marshall amps, making use of the Marshall Vintage Modern 2466 head and Blackstar Series One 100-watt head.
Also, time spent in Van Halen interrupted Hagar's solo career; it was on hiatus from 1985 to 1996 other than small returns to studio work in 1987 and 1993.
Hagar put the Waboritas on lifetime salary/vacation again, with the understanding that when he wanted to play with them they would be there ready to play, in 2009 following Hagar's involvement in the band Chickenfoot.
Initially, Hagar reported he would only occasionally play with the Wabos from then on, for shows at Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, particularly his annual birthday concert.
However, due to commitments of other members of Chickenfoot slowing the band's progress, Hagar has performed more than he initially planned to with The Wabos line-up.
He married his current wife, Kari Hagar, on November 29, 1995, and together they have two daughters, Kama (born in April 1996) and Samantha (born in March 2001).
Hagar is the cousin of Christian metal singer Ken Tamplin, who is best known for his work with Joshua, Shout and Magdallan, in addition to his solo career.
The band's output is usually referred to as noise rock or sometimes Japanoise, though their more recent records have mostly featured repetitive minimalism, ambient music, and tribal drumming.
Singer Yamantaka Eye is the closest the band has to a frontman; his style includes a range of baffling screams, babbling, electronic effects, and very heavy post-production.
Boredoms were formed in early 1986 by Yamantaka Eye, who at the time acted as front man for the infamous and highly controversial noise/performance art act Hanatarash, locally notorious for its extremely dangerous live shows consisting entirely of on-stage destruction and complete disregard for the audience's safety.
The band officially changed their name to Boredoms after Hira replaced Hosoi on bass, and Sasarato left the band due to creative differences.
In early 1987, Tabata left the group to later join Zeni Geva and was replaced by Seiichi Yamamoto as guitar player.
Due to unhappiness over Yoshikawa's drumming, Yoshimi P-We from Eye's Hanatarash-related project UFO or Die was asked to serve as drummer, becoming the first female member of the band, with Yoshikawa switching to general percussion.
Shortly after the change Yoshikawa left the group, to be replaced by Chew Hasegawa (now of Japanese funeral doom band Corrupted) and then by Kazuya Nishimura, known by his stage name Atari.
The band's sound from this period was marked by harsh, dissonant punk edited extensively by Eye in the studio, citing Sonic Youth and Funkadelic as influences, among others.
In 1988 and 1989, Eye found himself making friends with Sonic Youth and also worked extensively with John Zorn's polystylistic Naked City project, serving as guest vocalist.
Shortly after Eye again collaborated with John Zorn on an EP under the name Mystic Fugu Orchestra, which was notably the first album released on Zorn's Tzadik Records.
The album proved largely successful for such an experimental band and was later considered one of the best albums of the 1990s by Alternative Press magazine.
Rumors that the band had broken up began to circulate, but a smaller ensemble who called themselves V∞redoms resurfaced in 2003.
The band was signed by Vice Records for its releases in the United States since it had been dropped by Reprise.
The album was not celebrated to the extent of their previous albums, yet it still garnered mostly positive reviews, culminating with an exemplary score of 73% on Metacritic.
Following its release, EDA left the band and went on to form audio-visual project Adrena Adrena with visual artist Daisy Dickinson.
The band also planned to attempt using newly developed contact microphones to record the sounds made by the human body while dancing.
On July 7, 2007, Boredoms performed a concert entitled 77 Boadrum in Brooklyn Bridge Park, New York City, with drummer Muneomi Senju replacing Nishimura.
Eye has said that the number 77 became significant to him when he climbed the Sun Temple and counted 77 steps.
The band continued the concept on August 8, 2008, with two concerts called 88 Boadrum held in Los Angeles and Brooklyn.
In 2010, Boredoms toured internationally including two Boadrum performances at All Tomorrow's Parties curated by Matt Groening at Butlins Minehead, England, in addition to shows in London, Japan, Mexico and as part of the Melbourne International Arts Festival on October 10, 2010.
Six drummers were arranged in a circle around Eye, who used motion sensors to trigger ambient drone soundscapes created by Shinji Masuko that corresponded to each drummer.
The band was chosen by Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel to perform at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival that he curated in March 2012 in Minehead, England.
The performance featured Eye, Yoshimi, Tatekawa, Masuko, and an expanded lineup of drummers and guitarists surrounded by 88 percussionists all playing cymbals.
Raymond Leo Flynn (born July 22, 1939) is an American politician who served as 52nd Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 1984 until 1993.
Before entering politics, Flynn was an All-American college basketball player at Providence College, and during his senior year was selected Most Valuable Player in the 1963 National Invitation Tournament (NIT).
The Nationals relocated to Philadelphia to become the 76ers, but Flynn did not play for them, as he spent part of the 1963–64 season with the Wilmington Blue Bombers of the Eastern Professional Basketball League.
Philadelphia traded his NBA rights to the Boston Celtics in September 1964, and in October he was the last player cut by the then-champions.
Flynn began his political career as a Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1971 to 1979, representing the South Boston neighborhood during the turbulent busing crisis of the early 1970s.
He later served on the Boston City Council from 1978 to 1984, before successfully running for Mayor of Boston in 1983.
Flynn, a lifelong pro-life activist, was instrumental in drawing the pro-life, Catholic vote to pro-choice Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas in his 1992 bid for the White House against incumbent George H. W. Bush.
Following his service as ambassador, Flynn ran unsuccessfully for Massachusetts's 8th congressional district seat that was being vacated by Joseph P. Kennedy II in 1998.
Flynn formally announced his candidacy in June, and in September lost in the Democratic primary election to eventual general election winner Mike Capuano.
In 2010, Flynn crossed party lines to vote for the successful candidacy of Republican Scott Brown for the United States Senate.
In 2012, Flynn appeared in television ads supporting Brown for re-election; Flynn also voiced support for Mitt Romney, the Republican nominee for president.
Flynn was an avid runner who made headlines when he ran in the Boston Marathon and the New York City Marathon in 1984.
In May 2007, Flynn joined the College of Fellows of the Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology in Berkeley, California, who also awarded him the honorary degree Doctor of Humane Letters.
In March 2011, Flynn's home was broken into; among the valuables taken were rosary beads blessed by Pope John Paul II and letters from influential world figures.
In this role, while remaining a Democrat, he and the Catholic Alliance endorsed George W. Bush in the 2000 presidential election.
Since 2004, Flynn has also served on the advisory board of Catholics for the Common Good, a lay apostolate for evangelization of culture.
Cherone is known for his work as the lead vocalist of the Boston rock group Extreme and for his short stint as the lead vocalist for Van Halen.
Born Gary Francis Caine Cherone, he grew up in Malden, Massachusetts and attended Malden High School, the third of five brothers and the younger of fraternal twin Greg Cherone.
In his teenage years, Cherone turned to singing in local bands and was heavily influenced by the reigning rock frontmen of the day, most notably Roger Daltrey of The Who, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, and Queen's Freddie Mercury.
In 1979 Cherone and drummer friend Paul Geary along with guitarist Matt McKay, formed a hard-rock band called Adrenalin, which performed locally.
By the late 1980s, the group had attracted a large regional following; in 1987, the band signed with A&M Records, which released their self-titled debut album in 1989.
As the decade progressed, the sudden popularity of grunge brought about a sea of change in the pop music industry, causing 80's rock and glam to gain less commercial support from labels.
In 1996, rock band Van Halen had a falling out with their second lead singer, Sammy Hagar, who had been with the band since 1985.
After a failed reunion attempt with original lead vocalist David Lee Roth, who had been with Van Halen from 1974 to 1985, Van Halen was once again without a lead vocalist.
Guitarist Eddie Van Halen liked Cherone's lyrics, as well as his work ethic, and in November 1996 Cherone became Van Halen's third lead vocalist.
That year, Cherone took up residence in Eddie's guest house and spent the next year writing and recording a new studio album.
The album featured an eclectic and diverse set of songs, marking a departure from the straightforward arena rock that Van Halen had played with Hagar and contrasting with the tongue-in-cheek bombast that originally attracted Van Halen fans to Roth.
By most band standards the album would be considered an unmitigated commercial success but by Van Halen's standards it was considered a flop.
The tour brought back many older Van Halen songs that fans had wanted to hear since Roth's initial departure in 1984.
Unlike the band's subsequent 2004 and 2007–08 tours, Van Halen toured outside of North America in 1998, playing dates in Japan, Europe and for the first time, Australia and New Zealand.
Since then, he has remained on good terms with his former bandmates, going on record numerous times with his thoughts about why the collaboration failed to work.
This album was recorded by Jeff Yurek at Sanctum Sound in Boston, Massachusetts, and mixed by Carl Nappa in New York City.
In May 2006, Cherone sang in three shows as part of Amazing Journey, a tribute to The Who created by ex-Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy, featuring Paul Gilbert on guitar and Billy Sheehan on bass.
In 2016, the band released Pornograffitti Live 25: Metal Meltdown, an audio/video presentation of its 2015 concert at Las Vegas' Hard Rock Casino.
Cherone has formed a new band with his brother Markus on guitar, Joe Pessia on bass/mandolin and Dana Spellman on drums.
Although this state of consciousness may seem to appear spontaneous, it usually follows prolonged preparation through ascetic or meditative/contemplative practice, which may include ethical injunctions.
The Asian idea of nondualism is developed in the Vedic and post-Vedic Hindu philosophies, as well as in the Buddhist traditions.
The oldest traces of nondualism in Indian thought are found in the earlier Hindu Upanishads such as Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, as well as other pre-Buddhist Upanishads such as the Chandogya Upanishad, which emphasizes the unity of individual soul called Atman and the Supreme called Brahman.
Western Neo-Platonism is an essential element of both Christian contemplation and mysticism, and of Western esotericism and modern spirituality, especially Unitarianism, Transcendentalism, Universalism and Perennialism.
One of the earliest uses of the word Advaita is found in verse 4.3.32 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (~800 BCE), and in verses 7 and 12 of the Mandukya Upanishad (variously dated to have been composed between 500 BCE to 200 CE).
The idea of nondualism is typically contrasted with dualism, with dualism defined as the view that the universe and the nature of existence consists of two realities, such as the God and the world, or as God and Devil, or as mind and matter, and so on.
Ideas of nonduality are also taught in some western religions and philosophies, and it has gained attraction and popularity in modern western spirituality and New Age-thinking.
According to Dasgupta and Mohanta, non-dualism developed in various strands of Indian thought, both Vedic and Buddhist, from the Upanishadic period onward.
Pre-sectarian Buddhism may also have been responding to the teachings of the Chandogya Upanishad, rejecting some of its Atman-Brahman related metaphysics.
Advaita appears in different shades in various schools of Hinduism such as in Advaita Vedanta, Vishishtadvaita Vedanta (Vaishnavism), Suddhadvaita Vedanta (Vaishnavism), non-dual Shaivism and Shaktism.
In the Advaita Vedanta of Adi Shankara, advaita implies that all of reality is one with Brahman, that the Atman (soul, self) and Brahman (ultimate unchanging reality) are one.
The advaita ideas of some Hindu traditions contrasts with the schools that defend dualism or Dvaita, such as that of Madhvacharya who stated that the experienced reality and God are two (dual) and distinct.
The best-known is Advaita Vedanta, but other nondual Vedanta schools also have a significant influence and following, such as Vishishtadvaita Vedanta and Shuddhadvaita, both of which are bhedabheda.
The oldest surviving manuscript on Advaita Vedanta is by Gauḍapāda (6th century CE), who has traditionally been regarded as the teacher of Govinda bhagavatpāda and the grandteacher of Adi Shankara.
This identity holds that there is One Soul that connects and exists in all living beings, regardless of their shapes or forms, there is no distinction, no superior, no inferior, no separate devotee soul (Atman), no separate God soul (Brahman).
The Oneness unifies all beings, there is the divine in every being, and all existence is a single Reality, state the Advaita Vedantins.
Thus, Gaudapada differs from Buddhist scholars such as Nagarjuna, states Comans, by accepting the premises and relying on the fundamental teaching of the Upanishads.
Mahadevan suggests that Gaudapada adopted Buddhist terminology and adapted its doctrines to his Vedantic goals, much like early Buddhism adopted Upanishadic terminology and adapted its doctrines to Buddhist goals; both used pre-existing concepts and ideas to convey new meanings.
Vishishtadvaita Vedanta is another main school of Vedanta and teaches the nonduality of the qualified whole, in which Brahman alone exists, but is characterized by multiplicity.
Radhakrishnan acknowledged the reality and diversity of the world of experience, which he saw as grounded in and supported by the absolute or Brahman.
Somananda, the first theologian of monistic Saivism, was the teacher of Utpaladeva, who was the grand-teacher of Abhinavagupta, who in turn was the teacher of Ksemaraja.
These include Vedanta, Samkhya, Patanjali Yoga and Nyayas, and various Buddhist schools, including Yogacara and Madhyamika, but also Tantra and the Nath-tradition.
Ramana Maharshi (30 December 1879 – 14 April 1950) is widely acknowledged as one of the outstanding Indian gurus of modern times.
According to a modern western spiritual teacher of nonduality, Jeff Foster, nonduality is: the essential oneness (wholeness, completeness, unity) of life, a wholeness which exists here and now, prior to any apparent separation [...] despite the compelling appearance of separation and diversity there is only one universal essence, one reality.
These extremes which must be avoided in order to understand ultimate reality are described by various characters in the text, and include: Birth and extinction, 'I' and 'Mine', Perception and non-perception, defilement and purity, good and not-good, created and uncreated, worldly and unworldly, samsara and nirvana, enlightenment and ignorance, form and emptiness and so on.
The final character to attempt to describe ultimate reality is the bodhisattva Manjushri, who states:It is in all beings wordless, speechless, shows no signs, is not possible of cognizance, and is above all questioning and answering.
As explained by the Indian philosopher Nagarjuna, there is a non-dual relationship, that is, there is no absolute separation, between conventional and ultimate truth, as well as between samsara and nirvana.
It is also seen as an explanation of emptiness and as an explanation of the content of the awakened mind which sees through the illusion of subject-object duality.
These basic ideas have continued to influence Mahayana Buddhist doctrinal interpretations of Buddhist traditions such as Dzogchen, Mahamudra, Zen, Huayan and Tiantai as well as concepts such as Buddha-nature, luminous mind, Indra's net, rigpa and shentong.
As Jay Garfield notes, for Nagarjuna, to understand the two truths as totally different from each other is to reify and confuse the purpose of this doctrine, since it would either destroy conventional realities such as the Buddha's teachings and the empirical reality of the world (making Madhyamaka a form of nihilism) or deny the dependent origination of phenomena (by positing eternal essences).
It does not mean that samsara and nirvana are the same, or that they are one single thing, as in Advaita Vedanta, but rather that they are both empty, open, without limits, and merely exist for the conventional purpose of teaching the Buddha Dharma.
Referring to this verse, Jay Garfield writes that:to distinguish between samsara and nirvana would be to suppose that each had a nature and that they were different natures.
Moreover, since nirvana is by definition the cessation of delusion and of grasping and, hence, of the reification of self and other and of confusing imputed phenomena for inherently real phenomena, it is by definition the recognition of the ultimate nature of things.
But if, as Nagarjuna argued in Chapter XXIV, this is simply to see conventional things as empty, not to see some separate emptiness behind them, then nirvana must be ontologically grounded in the conventional.
To be in nirvana, then, is to see those things as they are - as merely empty, dependent, impermanent, and nonsubstantial, not to be somewhere else, seeing something else.
Some scholars see it as a kind of subjective or epistemic Idealism (similar to Kant's theory) while others argue that it is closer to a kind of phenomenology or representationalism.
There various interpretations and views on Buddha nature and the concept became very influential in India, China and Tibet, where it also became a source of much debate.
This synthesis of Yogācāra tathagata-garbha became very influential in later Buddhist traditions, such as Indian Vajrayana, Chinese Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism.
Yet another development in late Indian Buddhism was the synthesis of Madhymaka and Yogacara philosophies into a single system, by figures such as Śāntarakṣita (8th century).
Buddhist Tantra, also known as Vajrayana, Mantrayana or Esoteric Buddhism, drew upon all these previous Indian Buddhist ideas and nondual philosophies to develop innovative new traditions of Buddhist practice and new religious texts called the Buddhist tantras (from the 6th century onwards).
In Buddhist Tantra, there is no strict separation between the sacred (nirvana) and the profane (samsara), and all beings are seen as containing an immanent seed of awakening or Buddhahood.
This was a result of an ontological interpretation of the two truths as well as influences from native Taoist and Confucian metaphysics.
This interpretation of the two truths as two ontological realities would go on to influence later forms of East Asian metaphysics.
As Chinese Buddhism continued to develop in new innovative directions, it gave rise to new traditions like Huayen, Tiantai and Chan (Zen), which also upheld their own unique teachings on non-duality.
Tiantai metaphysics is an immanent holism, which sees every phenomenon, moment or event as conditioned and manifested by the whole of reality.
According to this theory, any phenomenon exists only as part of the total nexus of reality, its existence depends on the total network of all other things, which are all equally connected to each other and contained in each other.
The Lankavatara-sutra, a popular sutra in Zen, endorses the Buddha-nature and emphasizes purity of mind, which can be attained in gradations.
The Prajnaparamita Sutras emphasize the non-duality of form and emptiness: form is emptiness, emptiness is form, as the Heart Sutra says.
The idea that the ultimate reality is present in the daily world of relative reality fitted into the Chinese culture which emphasized the mundane world and society.
Practice is to be continued to deepen the insight and to express it in daily life, to fully manifest the nonduality of absolute and relative.
This trajectory of initial insight followed by a gradual deepening and ripening is expressed by Linji Yixuan in his Three Mysterious Gates, the Four Ways of Knowing of Hakuin, the Five Ranks, and the Ten Ox-Herding Pictures which detail the steps on the Path.
Shentong has often been incorrectly associated with the Cittamātra (Yogacara) position, but is in fact also Madhyamaka, and is present primarily as the main philosophical theory of the Jonang school, although it is also taught by the Sakya and Kagyu schools.
The truth of sunyata is acknowledged, but not considered to be the highest truth, which is the empty nature of mind.
Sikh theology suggests human souls and the monotheistic God are two different realities (dualism), distinguishing it from the monistic and various shades of nondualistic philosophies of other Indian religions.
However, Sikh scholars have attempted to explore nondualism exegesis of Sikh scriptures, such as during the neocolonial reformist movement by Bhai Vir Singh of the Singh Sabha.
The concept of Yin and Yang, often mistakenly conceived of as a symbol of dualism, is actually meant to convey the notion that all apparent opposites are complementary parts of a non-dual whole.
Eastern movements are the Hindu reform movements such as Vivekananda's Neo-Vedanta and Aurobindo's Integral Yoga, the Vipassana movement, and Buddhist modernism.
Since its beginning, Gnosticism has been characterized by many dualisms and dualities, including the doctrine of a separate God and Manichaean (good/evil) dualism.
Some scholars suggest a possible link of more ancient Indian philosophies on Neoplatonism, while other scholars consider these claims as unjustified and extravagant with the counter hypothesis that nondualism developed independently in ancient India and Greece.
The nondualism of Advaita Vedanta and Neoplatonism have been compared by various scholars, such as J. F. Staal, Frederick Copleston, Aldo Magris and Mario Piantelli, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Gwen Griffith-Dickson, John Y. Fenton and Dale Riepe.
The Cloud of Unknowing – an anonymous work of Christian mysticism written in Middle English in the latter half of the 14th century – advocates a mystic relationship with God.
Thomism, though not non-dual in the ordinary sense, considers the unity of God so absolute that even the duality of subject and predicate, to describe him, can be true only by analogy.
One of the most striking contributions of the Kabbalah, which became a central idea in Chasidic thought, was a highly innovative reading of the monotheistic idea.
Western esotericism (also called esotericism and esoterism) is a scholarly term for a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements which have developed within Western society.
The earliest traditions which later analysis would label as forms of Western esotericism emerged in the Eastern Mediterranean during Late Antiquity, where Hermetism, Gnosticism, and Neoplatonism developed as schools of thought distinct from what became mainstream Christianity.
The Perennial philosophy has its roots in the Renaissance interest in neo-Platonism and its idea of The One, from which all existence emanates.
Transcendentalism was an early 19th-century liberal Protestant movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the Eastern region of the United States.
In the late 18th and early 19th century, the first translations of Hindu texts appeared, which were read by the Transcendentalists and influenced their thinking.
The Transcendentalists also endorsed universalist and Unitarianist ideas, leading to Unitarian Universalism, the idea that there must be truth in other religions as well, since a loving God would redeem all living beings, not just Christians.
The major figures in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, Margaret Fuller and Amos Bronson Alcott.
Vivekananda was one of the main representatives of Neo-Vedanta, a modern interpretation of Hinduism in line with western esoteric traditions, especially Transcendentalism, New Thought and Theosophy.
His reinterpretation was, and is, very successful, creating a new understanding and appreciation of Hinduism within and outside India, and was the principal reason for the enthusiastic reception of yoga, transcendental meditation and other forms of Indian spiritual self-improvement in the West.
Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833), the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, had a strong sympathy for the Unitarians, who were closely connected to the Transcendentalists, who in turn were interested in and influenced by Indian religions early on.
Vivekananda's acquaintance with western esotericism made him very successful in western esoteric circles, beginning with his speech in 1893 at the Parliament of Religions.
Vivekananda adapted traditional Hindu ideas and religiosity to suit the needs and understandings of his western audiences, who were especially attracted by and familiar with western esoteric traditions and movements like Transcendentalism and New thought.
In 1897 he founded the Ramakrishna Mission, which was instrumental in the spread of Neo-Vedanta in the west, and attracted people like Alan Watts.
Together with Gerald Heard, Christopher Isherwood, and other followers he was initiated by the Swami and was taught meditation and spiritual practices.
The Theosophical Society also spread western ideas in the east, aiding a modernisation of eastern traditions, and contributing to a growing nationalism in the Asian colonies.
It is the personal realization that ultimate reality is nondual, and is thought to be a validating means of knowledge of this nondual reality.
In the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, several historical figures put forth very influential views that religion and its beliefs can be grounded in experience itself.
While Kant held that moral experience justified religious beliefs, John Wesley in addition to stressing individual moral exertion thought that the religious experiences in the Methodist movement (paralleling the Romantic Movement) were foundational to religious commitment as a way of life.
Such religious empiricism would be later seen as highly problematic and was – during the period in-between world wars – famously rejected by Karl Barth.
Vani () is a town in Imereti region of western Georgia, at the Sulori river (a tributary of the Rioni river), 41 km southwest from the regional capital Kutaisi.
The town with the population of 3,744 (2014) is an administrative center of the Municipality of Vani comprising also 40 neighbouring villages (total area – 557 km²; population – 24,512, 2014).
Systematic archaeological studies (N.Khoshtaria, O.Lortkiphanidze) carried out in the Vani environs since 1947 revealed the remnants of a rich city of the ancient power of Colchis.
The second phase - end of the 7th and beginning of the 6th to the first half of the 4th century BC - is represented by cultural layers, remains of wooden structures, sacrificial altars cut in the rocky ground, and rich burials.
To the fourth phase (3rd to mid-1st centuries BC) belong defensive walls, the so-called small gate, sanctuaries and cultic buildings (temples, altars sacrificial platforms), and the remains of a foundry for casting bronze statues.
In town Vani there is an interesting museum (founded in 1985), where some unique pieces of the ancient Colchis are exhibited.
Town Hall railway station is a heritage-listed underground commuter rail station located in the centre of the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia.
The station opened on 28 February 1932 and was built with six platforms, which were split over two levels with three platforms on each level.
When the station opened, only four of the platforms were in use: platforms 1, 2 and 3 on the upper level and platform 6, served by escalators, on the lower level.
The other two platforms were built in preparation for a proposed western suburbs line from the city to Gladesville, as envisaged under the Bradfield scheme.
This line was never built, and the platforms (4 and 5) remained disused until incorporated into the Eastern Suburbs line when it opened in June 1979.
The station concourse had a major restructure in 2005 when the shops inside were closed to make way for the increasing crowds.
During a refurbishment of the station in 2014, a sign pointing to an air-raid shelter was uncovered on a staircase leading to Platforms 1 and 2.
Town Hall has two platform levels, each with three platforms - physically two island platforms, but set up so that one faces two tracks and the other faces the other track.
As the platform is not wide enough, the escalators are in a cross configuration, with two at either end of the platform and another two at the centre.
The station is linked to nearby shopping centres including the Queen Victoria Building, The Galeries, Town Hall Square, Pavilion Plaza and, Woolworths Supermarket.
Town Hall station is served by bus routes operated by Forest Coach Lines, Hillsbus, State Transit, Transdev NSW and Transit Systems.
Zoë Keating (born February 2, 1972) is a Canadian-born cellist and composer once based in San Francisco, California, now based in Vermont.
In her solo performances and recordings Keating uses live electronic sampling and repetition in order to layer the sound of her cello, creating rhythmically dense musical structures.
Keating's songs have been featured in various commercials, TV shows, films, video games, and dance performances including CBS's Elementary, NBC's Crisis, So You Think You Can Dance, MTV's Teen Wolf, Dateline, Have You Heard from Johannesburg, The Day Carl Sandburg Died, Alice Walker: Beauty in Truth, The Retrieval, and The Witness.
She worked on projects at the now defunct Perspecta, Inc and the Research Libraries Group (now part of OCLC) and the Database of Recorded American Music.
In March 2010, Keating announced via her website that she was expecting her first child with her husband, Jeff Rusch, in May.
After local media publicized the story, Anthem Blue Cross reversed its decision, telling Keating in a phone call that the hospital stay would be covered.
In October 2016 she was invited to participate in a panel discussion at the Frontier’s Conference with President Barack Obama, Riccardo Sabatini.
In the course of the Second Punic War, King Syphax of the Masaesyli allied himself with the Roman Republic and the armies led by Scipio Africanus, while the Maesulians ruled by Masinissa sided with Carthage.
With the defeat and capture of Syphax by Masinissa, the western tribes were conquered and gradually absorbed into a united kingdom under his rule.
After a temporary decline, the city got some importance inside the Roman Africa, especially with African emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla.
Based on the concept of strong rules, Rakesh Agrawal, Tomasz Imieliński and Arun Swami introduced association rules for discovering regularities between products in large-scale transaction data recorded by point-of-sale (POS) systems in supermarkets.
For example, the rule formula_1 found in the sales data of a supermarket would indicate that if a customer buys onions and potatoes together, they are likely to also buy hamburger meat.
Such information can be used as the basis for decisions about marketing activities such as, e.g., promotional pricing or product placements.
In addition to the above example from market basket analysis association rules are employed today in many application areas including Web usage mining, intrusion detection, continuous production, and bioinformatics.
In contrast with sequence mining, association rule learning typically does not consider the order of items either within a transaction or across transactions.
The set of items is formula_15 and in the table is shown a small database containing the items, where, in each entry, the value 1 means the presence of the item in the corresponding transaction, and the value 0 represents the absence of an item in that transaction.
An example rule for the supermarket could be formula_16 meaning that if butter and bread are bought, customers also buy milk.
In practical applications, a rule needs a support of several hundred transactions before it can be considered statistically significant, and datasets often contain thousands or millions of transactions.
In order to select interesting rules from the set of all possible rules, constraints on various measures of significance and interest are used.
The support of formula_11 with respect to formula_19 is defined as the proportion of transactions formula_22 in the dataset which contains the itemset formula_11.
In the example dataset, the itemset formula_25 has a support of formula_26 since it occurs in 20% of all transactions (1 out of 5 transactions).
The argument of formula_27 is a set of preconditions, and thus becomes more restrictive as it grows (instead of more inclusive).
For example, the rule formula_16 has a confidence of formula_34 in the database, which means that for 100% of the transactions containing butter and bread the rule is correct (100% of the times a customer buys butter and bread, milk is bought as well).
We can rewrite formula_35 as the probability formula_37, where formula_38 and formula_39 are the events that a transaction contains itemset formula_11 and formula_12, respectively.
Thus confidence can be interpreted as an estimate of the conditional probability formula_42, the probability of finding the RHS of the rule in transactions under the condition that these transactions also contain the LHS.
If the rule had a lift of 1, it would imply that the probability of occurrence of the antecedent and that of the consequent are independent of each other.
If the lift is > 1, that lets us know the degree to which those two occurrences are dependent on one another, and makes those rules potentially useful for predicting the consequent in future data sets.
For example, the rule formula_44 has a conviction of formula_48, and can be interpreted as the ratio of the expected frequency that X occurs without Y (that is to say, the frequency that the rule makes an incorrect prediction) if X and Y were independent divided by the observed frequency of incorrect predictions.
In this example, the conviction value of 1.2 shows that the rule formula_44 would be incorrect 20% more often (1.25 times as often) if the association between X and Y was purely random chance.
The set of possible itemsets is the power set over formula_6 and has size formula_51 (excluding the empty set which is not a valid itemset).
The concept of association rules was popularised particularly due to the 1993 article of Agrawal et al., which has acquired more than 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, as of August 2015, and is thus one of the most cited papers in the Data Mining field.
An early (circa 1989) use of minimum support and confidence to find all association rules is the Feature Based Modeling framework, which found all rules with formula_54 and formula_55 greater than user defined constraints.
One limitation of the standard approach to discovering associations is that by searching massive numbers of possible associations to look for collections of items that appear to be associated, there is a large risk of finding many spurious associations.
For example, suppose we are considering a collection of 10,000 items and looking for rules containing two items in the left-hand-side and 1 item in the right-hand-side.
If we apply a statistical test for independence with a significance level of 0.05 it means there is only a 5% chance of accepting a rule if there is no association.
Some well-known algorithms are Apriori, Eclat and FP-Growth, but they only do half the job, since they are algorithms for mining frequent itemsets.
Apriori uses a breadth-first search strategy to count the support of itemsets and uses a candidate generation function which exploits the downward closure property of support.
In the first pass, the algorithm counts the occurrences of items (attribute-value pairs) in the dataset of transactions, and stores these counts in a 'header table'.
Items in each transaction have to be sorted by descending order of their frequency in the dataset before being inserted so that the tree can be processed quickly.
Recursive processing of this compressed version of the main dataset grows frequent item sets directly, instead of generating candidate items and testing them against the entire database (as in the apriori algorithm).
The supports of all nodes in the projected tree are re-counted with each node getting the sum of its children counts.
OPUS is an efficient algorithm for rule discovery that, in contrast to most alternatives, does not require either monotone or anti-monotone constraints such as minimum support.
Initially used to find rules for a fixed consequent it has subsequently been extended to find rules with any item as a consequent.
A purported survey of behavior of supermarket shoppers discovered that customers (presumably young men) who buy diapers tend also to buy beer.
In 1992, Thomas Blischok, manager of a retail consulting group at Teradata, and his staff prepared an analysis of 1.2 million market baskets from about 25 Osco Drug stores.
Weighted class learning is another form of associative learning in which weight may be assigned to classes to give focus to a particular issue of concern for the consumer of the data mining results.
K-optimal pattern discovery provides an alternative to the standard approach to association rule learning that requires that each pattern appear frequently in the data.
Approximate Frequent Itemset mining is a relaxed version of Frequent Itemset mining that allows some of the items in some of the rows to be 0.
Sequential pattern mining discovers subsequences that are common to more than minsup sequences in a sequence database, where minsup is set by the user.
Subspace Clustering, a specific type of Clustering high-dimensional data, is in many variants also based on the downward-closure property for specific clustering models.
Krivda has since recorded numerous additional albums, eighteen in all, and has appeared at such prestigious venues as The Kool Jazz Festival, The North Sea Jazz Festival and at Carnegie Hall.
He remains active in education as Artistic Director of The Cuyahoga Community College Jazz Studies Program in Cleveland, Ohio and touring clinician for The Yamaha Instrument Company.
Among his gigs was a tribute to Stan Getz at Cleveland's Severance Hall, home of The Cleveland Orchestra at which Krivda played Eddie Sauter's FOCUS.
He continues to be the subject of articles in national publications, such as Down Beat and Jazz Times Magazine, and his work is documented in The Encyclopedia of Jazz and many Jazz Record Guides.
General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) is a discrete time simulation general-purpose programming language, where a simulation clock advances in discrete steps.
It is used primarily as a process flow oriented simulation language; this is particularly well-suited for problems such as a factory.
Over time, other implementations, in other languages and targeted at different size systems, were developed, including DEC's VAX, a specialized APL version for large-scale Univac systems, and Macintosh, among others.
Blocks can be facility-oriented (such as machines in a job shop) or transaction-oriented (such parts of work-in-process, signals in electronic components or documents in a bureaucratic procedure).
GPSS is one of the oldest language candidate of first object-oriented approach because while transactions are truly instances of model objects, blocks are methods in the modern concept of OOP.
Customers arrive in a random constant flow, enter the shop, queue if the barber is busy, get their hair cut on a first-come first-served basis, and then leave the shop.
The codice_3 block creates a flow of Transactions and schedules them to enter the model with an inter-arrival time uniformly distributed over the range 18±6.
It is the programmer's responsibility to interpret these transaction as customers and to understand that the time is to be counted in minutes.
The Transactions start their existence in the codice_3 block and progress from Block to Block, according to certain rules, until they reach a codice_5 which remove them from the model.
Normally transactions progress from one block to the next one, so the customer transactions will leave the codice_3 block to enter the codice_7 block.
In the example, it materialize a line of chairs and, at the end of the simulation, we will know, among other things, the maximum queue size (how many chairs are needed) and the average waiting time.
The codice_8 block requires the name of the queue as a parameter, because more than one queue may exist in the model.
GPSS remembers which transactions are in the queue, so that it possible to know the average time spent, and to check that no buggy transaction is leaving a queue without previously entering in it.
If it is free, or as soon as it becomes available, the transaction will be allowed to capture the facility, mark it as busy to others transactions and start to count the service time and other statistics, until the same transaction passes the corresponding codice_14 block.
They can model operators, like a barber, a repairman, an agent, but also pieces of equipment, like a crane, a gas station, an authorization document, etc., in fact anything with capacity one.
To simulate multiple parallel servers, like a team of five barbers, or an oven with a capacity of 10, GPSS uses entities named codice_17s.
After a customer seizes Joe, she proceeds to the next statement which is codice_18, whose task is to freeze the entity for a prescribed length of time, here a random number picked between 16-4=12 and 16+4=20mn.
During that time, other transactions will be allowed to move through the model, blocking some other facilities that may exist in the model, but not Joe because this facility is busy with the frozen customer.
Then the next transaction on the previous block, that is a customer sitting on a chair, will be able to codice_11.
In the example, it is set to one, thus the simulation will finish after one run of 480 mn in simulated time.
It indicates that Joe was busy 86.0% of the time, gave a hair cut to 26 customers and that hair cut took 15.88 minutes on the average.
It indicates also that a maximum of 1 customer was observed waiting his turn, in fact the number of waiting customer was on the average 0.160.
A total of 27 customers did enter the queue, so that customer number 27 was still sitting, waiting his turn, when Joe closed the shop.
The average waiting time was 2.851 min, and the average waiting time for the 15=27-12 customers who did really wait was 5.133 min.
The series reveals that when exposed to individuals from the normal universe, the Terran Empire began to reform itself for the better, but was overthrown in the 23rd century by an alliance of alien species who took advantage of the Empire's self-weakening and conquered it, enslaving humans and Vulcans in the process.
The point of divergence initially appears to be the Eugenics Wars where the genetic supermen were not defeated and eventually turned on each other resulting in atomic war, but works dating back to the days of ancient Greece supporting the Empire's current mindset are noted.
This version postulates the divergence of history to start at the time of the Earth-Romulan War, with the conquest of Earth by the Romulans; after Earth's liberation, the resistance became an empire-building government.
It is administered by the Tasman District Council, a unitary authority, which sits at Richmond, with community boards serving outlying communities in Motueka and Golden Bay / Mohua.
The city of Nelson has its own unitary authority separate from Tasman District, and together they comprise a single region in some contexts, but not for local government functions or resource management (planning) functions.
Tasman District is a large area at the western corner of the north end of the South Island of New Zealand.
It covers 9,786 square kilometres and is bounded on the west by the Matiri Ranges, Tasman Mountains and the Tasman Sea.
To the north Tasman and Golden Bays form its seaward edge, and the eastern boundary extends to the edge of Nelson city, and includes part of the Spencer Mountains and the Saint Arnaud and Richmond Ranges.
The landscape is diverse, from large mountainous areas to valleys and plains, and is sliced by such major rivers as the Buller, Motueka, Aorere, Takaka and Wairoa.
The limestone-rich area around Mount Owen and Mount Arthur is notable for its extensive cave networks, among them New Zealand's deepest caves at Ellis Basin and Nettlebed.
There is abundant bush and bird life, golden sand beaches, the unique 40-kilometre sands of Farewell Spit, and good fishing in the bays and rivers.
Tasman is home to three national parks: Abel Tasman National Park (New Zealand's smallest at 225.41 km²), Nelson Lakes National Park (1,017.53 km²) and Kahurangi National Park (4,520 km²).
The sub-national GDP of the Nelson region (Tasman District and Nelson City) was estimated at US$2.343 billion in 2003, 2% of New Zealand's national GDP.
Tasman Bay, the largest indentation in the north coast of the South Island, was named after Dutch seafarer, explorer and merchant Abel Tasman.
He was the first European to discover New Zealand on 13 December 1642 while on an expedition for the Dutch East India Company.
Tasman Bay passed the name on to the adjoining district, which was formed in 1989 largely from the merger of Waimea and Golden Bay counties.
Archaeological evidence suggests the first Māori settlers explored the region thoroughly, settling mainly along the coast where there was ample food.
Around 1828, Ngati Toa under Te Rauparaha and the allied northern tribes of Ngati Rarua and Ngati Tama, started their invasion of the South Island.
The first immigrant ships from England arrived in Nelson in 1842 and the European settlement of the region began under the leadership of Captain Arthur Wakefield.
This is mainly due to the lack of large urban areas and 58% of the area constituting lands covered by national parks.
The main iwi represented in the wider Tasman region are Ngati Rarua, Ngati Tama (Golden Bay / Mohua and Tasman Bay), Te Atiawa, Ngati Koata, Ngati Kuia (eastern Tasman Bay) and the Poutini Ngai Tahu (southern areas).
In Tasman District, German is the second most-spoken language after English, whereas in the rest of New Zealand Māori is the second most-spoken language.
Tourism in the United States grew rapidly in the form of urban tourism during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
New York City, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, all major U.S. cities, attracted numerous tourists by the 1890s.
Purchases of travel and tourism-related goods and services by international visitors traveling in the United States totaled $10.9 billion during February 2013.
The travel and tourism industries in the United States were among the first economic sectors negatively affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks.
In the U.S., tourism is among the three largest employers in 29 states, employing 7.3 million in 2004, to take care of 1.19 billion trips tourists took in the U.S. in 2005.
As of 2018, New York City is the most visited destination in the United States, followed by Los Angeles, Orlando, Las Vegas, and Chicago.
Tourists spend more money in the United States than any other country, while attracting the second-highest number of tourists after France and Spain.
The rise of urban tourism in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries represented a major cultural transformation concerning urban space, leisure natural activity and as an industry.package tours did not exist until the 1870s and 1880s, entrepreneurs of various sorts from hotel keepers and agents for railroad lines to artists and writers recognized the profit to be gained from the prospering tourism industry.
In the United States of track had been completed by 1840, by 1860 all major eastern US cities were linked by rail, and by 1869 the first trans-American railroad link was completed.
Yosemite Park was developed as a tourist attraction in the late 1850s and early 1860s for an audience who wanted a national icon and place to symbolize exotic wonder of its region.
Photography played an important role for the first time in the development of tourist attractions, making it possible to distribute hundreds of images showing various places of interest.
New York City, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, all major US cities, attracted numerous tourists by the 1890s.
Dictionaries first published the word 'tourist' sometime in 1800, when it referred to those going to Europe or making a round trip of natural wonders in New York and New England.
The absence of urban tourism during the nineteenth century was in part because American cities lacked the architecture and art which attracted thousands to Europe.
The Hartford, Connecticut American School for the Deaf opened in 1817, Ossining, New York state prison (now known as Sing Sing) in 1825, the Connecticut State Penitentiary at Wethersfield in 1827, Mount Auburn Cemetery in 1831, the Perkins School for the Blind in 1832, and the Worcester State Hospital in 1833.
The English writer and actress Fanny Kemble was an admirer of the American prison system who was also concerned that nature was being destroyed in favor of new developments.
Guidebooks published in the 1830s, 40s and 50s described new prisons, asylums and institutions for the deaf and blind, and urged tourists to visit these sights.
Accounts of these visits written by Charles Dickens, Harriet Martineau, Lydia Sigourney and Caroline Gilman were published in magazines and travel books.
Urban tourism became a profitable industry in 1915 as the number of tour agencies, railroad passenger departments, guidebook publishers and travel writers grew at a fast pace.
The expense of pleasure tours meant that only the minority of Americans between 1850 and 1915 could experience the luxury of tourism.
Early cars were a luxury for the wealthy, but after Ford began to dramatically drop prices after 1913, more were able to afford one.
Although thousands of tourists visited Florida during the early 1900s, it was not until after World War II that the tourist industry quickly became Florida's largest source of income.
Florida's white sandy beaches, warm winter temperatures and wide range of activities such as swimming, fishing, boating and hiking all attracted tourists to the state.
In that quarter century, commercial aviation evolved from 28-passenger airliners flying at less than to 150-passenger jetliners cruising continents at .
During this time, air travel in the U.S. evolved from a novelty into a routine for business travelers and vacationers alike.
Rapid developments in aviation technology, economic prosperity in the United States and the demand for air travel all contributed to the early beginnings of commercial aviation in the US.
This was also helped by the establishment of the Interstate Highway System as well as the reliance of automobiles of which Americans saw cars as their new personal found freedom and enjoyment.
The tourism industry in the U.S. experienced exponential growth as tourists could travel almost anywhere with a fast, reliable and routine system.
Air travel changed everything from family vacations to Major League Baseball, as had steam-powered trains in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The World Tourism Organisation (WTO, 1998) recorded that, in 1950, arrivals of tourists from abroad, excluding same-day visits, numbered about 25.2 million.
The travel and tourism industry in the United States was among the first commercial casualties of the September 11 attacks, a series of terrorist attacks on the U.S.
Terrorists used four commercial airliners as weapons of destruction, all of which were destroyed in the attacks on New York City, Washington, D.C., and in Pennsylvania with nearly 3,000 deaths.
In the first full week after flights resumed, passenger numbers fell by nearly 45 percent, from 9 million in the week before September 11 to 5 million.
The U.S. Congress issued a $5 billion grant to the nation's airlines and $10 billion in loan guarantees to keep them flying.
In the U.S., tourism is either the first, second or third largest employer in 29 states, employing 7.3 million in 2004, to take care of 1.19 billion trips tourists took in the U.S. in 2005.
The U.S. outbound holiday market is sensitive in the short term, but possibly one of the most surprising results from the September 11, 2001 attacks was that by February 2002 it had bounced back.
The United States economy began to slow significantly in 2007, mostly because of a real-estate slump, gas prices and related financial problems.
Today, there exists a wide range of tourist attractions in the United States such as amusement parks, festivals, gambling, golf courses, historical buildings and landmarks, hotels, museums, galleries, outdoor recreation, spas, restaurants and sports.
After many persons had been killed in various mass shootings in the US, Amnesty International issued a travel warning in August 2019.
Quadtrees are the two-dimensional analog of octrees and are most often used to partition a two-dimensional space by recursively subdividing it into four quadrants or regions.
The data in a tree-pyramid can be stored compactly in an array as an implicit data structure similar to the way a complete binary tree can be stored compactly in an array.
Quadtrees may also be classified by whether the shape of the tree is independent of the order in which data is processed.
The region quadtree represents a partition of space in two dimensions by decomposing the region into four equal quadrants, subquadrants, and so on with each leaf node containing data corresponding to a specific subregion.
subdividing subquadrants as long as there is interesting data in the subquadrant for which more refinement is desired) is sensitive to and dependent on the spatial distribution of interesting areas in the space being decomposed.
A region quadtree with a depth of n may be used to represent an image consisting of 2 × 2 pixels, where each pixel value is 0 or 1.
Note the potential savings in terms of space when these trees are used for storing images; images often have many regions of considerable size that have the same colour value throughout.
Rather than store a big 2-D array of every pixel in the image, a quadtree can capture the same information potentially many divisive levels higher than the pixel-resolution sized cells that we would otherwise require.
For example, the temperatures in an area may be stored as a quadtree, with each leaf node storing the average temperature over the subregion it represents.
If a region quadtree is used to represent a set of point data (such as the latitude and longitude of a set of cities), regions are subdivided until each leaf contains at most a single point.
It shares the features of all quadtrees but is a true tree as the center of a subdivision is always on a point.
The new point is added such that the cell that contains it is divided into quadrants by the vertical and horizontal lines that run through the point.
Since the division of the plane is decided by the order of point-insertion, the tree's height is sensitive to and dependent on insertion order.
In a region quadtree, a uniform value is stored that applies to the entire area of the cell of a leaf.
Curves are approximated by subdividing cells to a very fine resolution, specifically until there is a single line segment per cell.
The polygonal map quadtree (or PM Quadtree) is a variation of quadtree which is used to store collections of polygons that may be degenerate (meaning that they have isolated vertices or edges).
Finally PM1 quadtrees are similar to PM2, but black nodes can contain a point and its edges or just a set of edges that share a point, but you cannot have a point and a set of edges that do not contain the point.
If we were to store every node corresponding to a subdivided cell, we may end up storing a lot of empty nodes.
We can cut down on the size of such sparse trees by only storing subtrees whose leaves have interesting data (i.e.
When we only keep important subtrees, the pruning process may leave long paths in the tree where the intermediate nodes have degree two (a link to one parent and one child).
It turns out that we only need to store the node formula_1 at the beginning of this path (and associate some meta-data with it to represent the removed nodes) and attach the subtree rooted at its end to formula_1.
Therefore, we can store the quadtree in a data structure for ordered sets (in which we store the nodes of the tree).
We must state a reasonable assumption before we continue: we assume that given two real numbers formula_5 expressed as binary, we can compute in formula_3 time the index of the first bit in which they differ.
Without going into specific details, to perform insertions and deletions we first do a point location for the thing we want to insert/delete, and then insert/delete it.
We will limit our discussion to binary image data, though region quadtrees and the image processing operations performed on them are just as suitable for colour images.
One of the advantages of using quadtrees for image manipulation is that the set operations of union and intersection can be done simply and quickly.
Rather than do the operation pixel by pixel, we can compute the union more efficiently by leveraging the quadtree's ability to represent multiple pixels with a single node.
For the purposes of discussion below, if a subtree contains both black and white pixels we will say that the root of that subtree is coloured grey.
For example, consider the result if we were to union a checkerboard (where every tile is a pixel) of size formula_38 with its complement.
The result is a giant black square which should be represented by a quadtree with just the root node (coloured black), but instead the algorithm produces a full 4-ary tree of depth formula_39.
To fix this, we perform a bottom-up traversal of the resulting quadtree where we check if the four children nodes have the same colour, in which case we replace their parent with a leaf of the same colour.
Using the quadtree representation of images, Samet showed how we can find and label these connected components in time proportional to the size of the quadtree.
Since we can count on this structure, for any cell we know how to navigate the quadtree to find the adjacent cells in the different levels of the hierarchy.
For each black leaf formula_14 we look at the node or nodes representing cells that are Northern neighbours and Eastern neighbours (i.e.
This means that the quadtree levels of leaves adjacent to formula_14 differ by at most one from the level of formula_14.
Note that due to the way in which we separated points with the well-balancing property, no square with a corner intersecting a side is one that was warped.
If there is one intersected side, the square becomes three triangles by adding the long diagonals connecting the intersection with opposite corners.
If there are four intersected sides, we split the square in half by adding an edge between two of the four intersections, and then connect these two endpoints to the remaining two intersection points.
For the other squares, we introduce a point in the middle and connect it to all four corners of the square as well as each intersection point.
Since 1998, FSF has granted the award for Advancement of Free Software and since 2005, also the Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit.
From 2001 to 2005, the award has been presented in Brussels at the Free and Open source Software Developers' European Meeting (FOSDEM).
This is annually presented by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to a person whom it deems to have made a great contribution to the progress and development of free software, through activities that accord with the spirit of free software.
According to Richard Stallman, former President of FSF, the award was inspired by the Sahana project which was developed, and was used, for organising the transfer of aid to tsunami victims in Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
L. Peter Deutsch (born Laurence Peter Deutsch on August 7, 1946, in Boston, Massachusetts) is the founder of Aladdin Enterprises and creator of Ghostscript, a free software PostScript and Portable Document Format interpreter.
From 1964 to 1967, during his study at the University of California, Berkeley, he worked with Butler Lampson and Charles P. Thacker on the Berkeley Timesharing System, which became the standard operating system for the SDS 940 mainframe that would later be used by Tymshare, NLS, and Community Memory.
Deutsch is the author of several Request for Comments (RFCs), The Eight Fallacies of Distributed Computing, and originated the Deutsch limit adage about visual programming languages.
Deutsch received a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1973, and has previously worked at Xerox PARC and Sun Microsystems.
As of mid-2011, he has had six compositions performed at public concerts, and now generally identifies himself as a composer rather than a software developer or engineer.
He was born and died in Ferrara, and despite evidence of travels to Rome it is assumed that Luzzaschi spent the majority of his life in his native city.
He was a skilled representative of the late Italian madrigal style, along with Palestrina, Wert, Monte, Lassus, Marenzio, Gesualdo and others.
His facility as a keyboard player must have been paramount, for his competence on Nicola Vicentino's microtonal archicembalo was actively documented throughout his career.
In addition to his duties as court organist, as director for the ensemble he composed expert madrigals that required virtuosic vocal skill and advanced musicianship.
While reference to three books of four-voice ricercars by Luzzaschi indicates that he was actively composing instrumental work, the books themselves appear to be lost.
Gabriel Léon M'ba (9 February 1902 – 28 November 1967) was a Gabonese politician who served as both the first Prime Minister (1959–1961) and President (1961–1967) of Gabon.
After studying at a seminary, he held a number of small jobs before entering the colonial administration as a customs agent.
His political activism in favor of black people worried the French administration, and as a punishment for his activities, he was issued a prison sentence after committing a minor crime that normally would have resulted in a small fine.
After being accused of complicity in the murder of a woman near Libreville, he was sentenced in 1931 to three years in prison and 10 years in exile.
Political nemesis Jean-Hilaire Aubame briefly assumed the office of president through a coup d'état in February 1964, but order was restored days later when the French intervened.
M'ba was reelected in March 1967, but died of cancer in November 1967 and was succeeded by his vice president, Albert-Bernard Bongo.
His father, a small business manager and village chief, once worked as the hairdresser to Franco-Italian explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza.
From 1920, he was employed as a store manager, a lumberjack and trader before entering the French colonial administration as a customs agent.
His remarks upset authorities, and he suffered the consequences in December 1922, when he was sentenced to prison after having committed a minor crime of providing a colleague with falsified documents.
As the leader of a group of young Libreville intellectuals, he ignored the advice of elder Fangs and quickly gained a reputation as a strong, confident, and able-minded man.
With his colleague Ambamamy, he forced labour on the residents of the canton for his personal use, to cover his large expenditures.
However, beginning in 1929, the colonial administration started to investigate his activities after they intercepted one of his letters to a Kouyaté, secretary for the Ligue des droits de l'homme, who was accused of being an ally of the Comintern.
Despite this suspected Communist alliance, the French authorities did not oppose M'ba's appointment as head chief of the Estuaire Province by his colleagues.
In those years, M'ba, a member of the Ligue, distanced himself from Roman Catholicism, but did not break completely with his faith.
Accused of complicity, even though his involvement in the crime was not proven, M'ba was removed from power and sentenced to three years in prison and ten years of exile.
While exiled in the French territory of Oubangui-Chari, first in the towns of Bambari and then Bria, he continued to exert influence among Fangs via correspondence with his compatriots in Libreville.
Worried by the situation, Governor-General Antonetti ordered in 1934, at the end of his prison sentence, that M'ba be placed under surveillance.
Thanks to praiseworthy reports from his superiors, he was once again seen as a reliable indigenous element on which the colonial administration could rely on.
That same year, he founded the Gabonese Mixed Committee (CMG), a political party close to the African Democratic Rally (RDA), an inter-African party led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny.
The party's main objective was to obtain autonomy for its member states and oppose the Senegalese leader Léopold Sédar Senghor's idea of federalism.
Playing on his past as a former exile, and through the network of Bwiti followers, M'ba managed to rally support from the Fang and Myènè peoples.
Based on his success in Libreville, M'ba aspired, at one point, to become the head of the region, an idea which many notable Fangs supported during the Pahouin congress at Mitzic in February 1947.
Due to his relations with the RDA, which was linked to the French Communist Party, M'Ba was seen as a communist and propagandist in the colony; for the authorities, these suspicions had been confirmed when M'ba was involved in the 1949 RDA congress in Abidjan.
In 1951, the CMG decided to break its ties with the Communists, siding with the moderate position favored by Houphouët-Boigny while he did the same.
However, the administration was already supporting his main opponent, Congressman Jean-Hilaire Aubame, who was M'ba's protégé and his half-brother's foster son.
In the legislative elections of 17 June 1951, Aubame was easily re-elected, as M'ba only received 3,257 votes, just 11% of the electorate.
In the territorial elections of March 1952, Aubame's Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG) won 14 of the 24 contested seats, against two for the CMG; however, the CMG received 57% of the votes cast in Libreville.
He left the CMG to join the Gabonese Democratic Bloc (BDG) led by Paul Gondjout in 1954, whom M'ba intended to overthrow.
Though not elected, M'ba became the leader of the indigenous territory, and some of the UDSG began to ally themselves with him.
In the municipal elections of 1956, M'ba received support from the French logging industry, especially Roland Bru, and was elected mayor of Libreville with 65.5% of the vote.
However, in the absence of an absolute majority, both parties were obliged to submit on 21 May 1957, a list of individuals that both agreed were suitable for election into the government.
Soon, divisions grew within the government, and Aubame resigned from his position and filed a motion of censure against the government.
With M'ba's victory, many elected UDSG members joined the parliamentary majority, giving the party a majority with 29 of the 40 legislative seats.
After voting in favor of the Franco-African Community, similar to the British Commonwealth, in the constitutional referendum of 28 September 1958, Gabon became pseudo-politically independent.
French journalist Pierre Péan asserted that M'ba secretly tried to prevent Gabonese independence; instead, he lobbied for it to become an overseas territory of France.
In December 1958, the Assembly voted to establish the legislature, and then promulgated the constitution of the Republic of Gabon on 19 February 1959.
After M'ba openly declared for the departmentalization of Gabon in November 1959, Jacques Foccart, Charles de Gaulle's spin-doctor for African policy, told him that this solution was unthinkable.
M'ba then decided to adopt a new flag by affixing the design of the national tree, the Angouma, over the French flag.
From July 1958, a third political force tried to establish itself in Gabon: the Parti d'Union Nationale Gabonais (PUNGA), led by René-Paul Sousatte and Jean-Jacques Boucavel, created attempting to unite the southern Gabonese against the established BDG and UDSG.
Though it voted against the constitutional referendum, PUNGA organised several events geared toward gaining independence and the holding of more parliamentary elections, which were also supported by the UDSG.
In March 1960, after independence had already been obtained, M'ba cracked down on PUNGA, claiming its goal had already been reached.
He filed an arrest warrant for Sousatte for conspiring against him and searched the houses of UDSG members, who he accused of complicity.
In the month before full political independence of Gabon was achieved on 13 August, M'ba signed 15 cooperation agreements with France, pertaining to national defense, technical cooperation, economic support, access to materials, and national stability.
M'ba aspired to establish a democratic regime, which, in his view, was necessary for the development and attraction of investments in Gabon.
A cult of personality developed steadily around M'ba; songs were sung in his praise and stamps and loincloths were printed with his effigy.
After deciding to reshuffle the cabinet without consulting Parliament, the president of the National Assembly, Paul Gondjout, a previous ally of M'ba's, filed a motion of censure.
Gondjout supposedly hoped to benefit from a balance of power modified to his own advantage, and specifically sought the establishment of a strong parliament and a prime minister with executive power.
On 16 November, under the pretext of a conspiracy, he declared a state of emergency, ordering the internment of eight BDG opponents and the dissolution of the National Assembly the day after.
M'ba now had full executive powers: he could appoint ministers whose functions and responsibilities were decided by him; he could dissolve the National Assembly by choice or prolong its term beyond the normal five years; he could declare a state of emergency when he believed the need arose, though for this amendment he would have to consult the people via a referendum.
The new constitution and the National Union (a political union they founded) suspended the quarrels between M'ba and Aubame from 1961 to 1963.
Despite this, political unrest grew within the population, and many students held demonstrations on the frequent dissolutions of the National Assembly and the general political attitude in the country.
On 19 February, he broke his ties with Aubame; all UDSG representatives were dismissed, with the exception of M'ba supporter Francis Meye.
In an attempt to oust Aubame from his legislative seat, M'ba appointed him President of the Supreme Court on 25 February.
The new head of government quickly contacted French ambassador Paul Cousseran, to assure him that the property of foreign nationals was protected and to ask him to prevent any French military intervention.
Since M'ba was otherwise occupied, the French contacted the Vice President of Gabon, Paul Marie Yembit, who had not been arrested.
However, he remained unaccounted for; therefore, they decided to compose a predated letter that Yembit would later sign, confirming their intervention.
Less than 24 hours later, French troops stationed in Dakar and Brazzaville landed in Libreville and restored M'ba back into power.
Despite the fact that he did not participate in the planning of the coup, Aubame was sentenced at his trial to 10 years of hard labor and 10 years of exile.
The major opposition parties were deprived of their leaders, who were prevented from participating in the elections due to their involvement in the coup.
The UDSG disappeared from the political scene, and the opposition consisted of parties that lacked national focus and maintained only regional or pro-democracy platforms.
The opposition still won 46% of the votes and 16 of 47 seats, while the BDG received 54% of the vote and 31 seats in the assembly.
The oil groups, active in the country since 1957, had strengthened their interests in 1962 after the discovery of offshore oil deposits.
They carried such influence in Gabon that following the February 1964 coup, the decision to seek military intervention was taken by the CEO of Union Générale des Pétroles (UGP; now known as Elf Aquitaine), Pierre Guillaumat, Foccart, and other French businessmen and leaders.
Later on, another UGP executive, Guy Ponsaillé, was appointed as political adviser to the president and became M'ba's representative in discussions with French companies.
However, the Gabonese president was afraid of internal strife or assassination, so he remained secluded inside his heavily defended presidential palace.
Ponsaillé helped M'ba obtain support from political moderates and accompanied him in his visits around the country in order to restore his reputation among the Gabonese people.
After a few months of misunderstandings with de Quirielle, M'ba contacted Foccart to tell him that he could no longer work with the Ambassador.
They found the perfect candidate in Albert Bernard Bongo (later known as Alhaji Omar Bongo Ondimba), a young leader in the President's cabinet.
Confirmed as M'ba's successor, Bongo was appointed on 24 September 1965 as Presidential Representative and placed in charge of defence and coordination.
Only after a long insistence by Foccart did M'ba agree to appoint Bongo as Vice President in replacement of Yembit, announcing his decision through a radio and television message recorded in his room on 14 November 1966.
Since no one dared to stand on the opposition ticket, M'ba was reelected with 99.9% of the vote, while the BDG won all seats in the Assembly.
On 28 November 1967, just days after he took his presidential oath at the Gabonese embassy, M'ba died of cancer in Paris, where he had been treated since August of that year.
President Bongo laid the cornerstone for the Memorial on 9 February 2007, and it was inaugurated by Bongo on 27 November 2007.
It stars Haley Joel Osment as Trevor, Helen Hunt as his alcoholic single mother Arlene McKinney, and Kevin Spacey as his physically and emotionally scarred social studies teacher Eugene Simonet.
The film was released on October 20, 2000 to mixed reviews, with most critics praising the acting, writing, music and cinematography but criticizing the story and accusing it of excessive emotional manipulation, particularly in its ending.
His social studies teacher Eugene Simonet (Kevin Spacey) gives the class an assignment to devise and put into action a plan that will change the world for the better.
His first good deed is to let a homeless man named Jerry (Jim Caviezel) live in his garage, and Jerry pays the favor forward by doing car repairs for Trevor's mother.
Trevor's efforts appear to fail when Jerry relapses into drug addiction, but Jerry pays his debt forward later by talking to a suicidal woman, who is about to jump off a bridge.
This also appears to fail until Trevor and Arlene argue about her love for Ricky (Jon Bon Jovi), her alcoholic ex-husband, and she slaps him in a fit of anger.
The two adults are brought together again when Trevor runs away from home, and Arlene asks Eugene to help her find him.
Arlene accepts Eugene's physical disfigurement and forms an emotional bond with him, but quickly abandons their relationship when Ricky returns to her, claiming to have quit drinking.
His return and her acceptance of it angers Eugene, whose own mother had a habit of taking his abusive, alcoholic father back.
When Arlene attempts to explain to Eugene that she believes Ricky has changed, Eugene explains that his scars are the result of his father setting him on fire in a drunken rage.
After her date with Eugene, Arlene paid Jerry's favor forward by forgiving her own mother, Grace (Angie Dickinson), for her mistakes in raising Arlene, and Grace, who is homeless, helps a gang member escape from the police.
He pays it forward to Adam by rushing into the scene and fighting the bullies while Eugene and Arlene rush to stop him.
Leslie Dixon adapted the screenplay from the book of the same name by Catherine Ryan Hyde, which was available as an open writing assignment.
Dixon presented the idea to Hyde who in turn liked it so much that she decided to change the then unpublished novel's plot structure to mirror the film's.
Filming took place on location in Las Vegas, Nevada and on studio in Los Angeles, California, with additional shooting (for the bridge scene) taking place in Portland, Oregon.
The film's soundtrack was composed by Thomas Newman and was released by Varèse Sarabande on October 7, 2000 (around two weeks before the film's release).
As it is, we get a better movie than we might have, because the performances are so good: Spacey as a vulnerable and wounded man, Hunt as a woman no less wounded in her own way, and Osment, once again proving himself the equal of adult actors in the complexity and depth of his performance.
Despite his diminutive stature, he was one of the most accomplished power hitters in the game during the late 1920s and early 1930s.
His 1930 season with the Cubs is widely considered one of the most memorable individual single-season hitting performances in baseball history.
Highlights included 56 home runs, the National League record for 68 years; and 191 runs batted in, a mark yet to be surpassed.
While Wilson's combativeness and excessive alcohol consumption made him one of the most colorful sports personalities of his era, his drinking and fighting undoubtedly contributed to a premature end to his athletic career and, ultimately, his premature death.
His parents never married; both were heavy drinkers, and in 1907 his mother died of appendicitis at the age of 24.
In 1916 Lewis left school to take a job at a locomotive factory, swinging a sledge hammer for four dollars a week.
Although only five feet six inches tall, he weighed 195 pounds with an 18-inch neck, and feet that fit into size-five-and-one-half shoes.
While his unusual physique was considered an oddity at the time, his large head, tiny feet, short legs and broad, flat face are now recognized as hallmarks of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
After breaking his leg while sliding into home plate during his first professional game, he was moved from the catcher's position to the outfield.
At the age of 23, Wilson made his major league debut with the Giants on September 29, 1923 and became the starting left fielder the following season.
He ended the season with a .295 average, 10 home runs, and 57 runs batted in (RBIs) as New York won the NL pennant.
Giants teammate Bill Cunningham claimed that the nickname was based on Wilson's resemblance to Hack Miller, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs.
Early in the 1925 season Wilson hit the longest home run on record at Ebbets Field against the Brooklyn Robins, but fell into a slump in May, and was replaced in left field by Irish Meusel.
On July 2 he hit two home runs in one inning, tying Ken Williams' major league record set in 1922, but his hitting slump continued.
At season's end, a front office oversight—or possibly, deliberate inaction—left him unprotected on the Toledo roster, and the last-place Chicago Cubs acquired him on waivers.
On May 24 he hit the center field scoreboard with one of the longest home runs in Wrigley Field history as the Cubs came from behind to defeat the Boston Braves.
Later that evening he made news again when he was arrested during a police raid of a Prohibition-era speakeasy while trying to escape through the rear window, and was fined one dollar.
He ended the season with a league-leading 21 home runs along with 36 doubles, 109 RBIs, a .321 batting average, and a .406 on-base percentage.
The Cubs improved to fourth place, and Wilson ended the year ranked fifth in voting for the NL's Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award.
Although the Cubs were in first place heading into the final month of the season, the team faltered and again finished fourth.
He led the NL in home runs for a third consecutive year in 1928 with 31, along with 120 RBIs and a .313 average as the Cubs improved to third place.
On June 22, 1928, a near-riot broke out in the ninth inning at Wrigley Field against the St. Louis Cardinals when Wilson jumped into the box seats to attack a heckling fan.
The following year he took offense at a remark by Cincinnati Reds pitcher Ray Kolp, and – upon reaching first base after hitting a single – he charged into the Reds dugout, punching Kolp several times before they could be separated.
In late 1929 he signed a contract to fight Art Shires of the Chicago White Sox in a boxing match, but reneged after Cubs president William Veeck, Sr. enlisted Hack's wife Virginia to dissuade him, and then Shires lost a fight to George Trafton of the Chicago Bears.
He and new teammate Rogers Hornsby (who also contributed 39 home runs) led the Cubs to their first NL pennant in eleven years.
In the World Series against Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics, Wilson's .471 hitting performance was eclipsed by two fielding errors at Shibe Park.
Though trailing the Series two games to one, the Cubs were leading by a score of 8–0 in the fourth game when the Athletics mounted a 10-run rally in the seventh inning.
Wilson lost two fly balls in the sun; the second, with two runners on base, led to an inside-the-park home run by Mule Haas as the Athletics won 10–8.
Wilson's 1930 season, aided by a lively ball wound with special Australian wool, is considered one of the best single-season hitting performances in baseball history.
In August he hit 13 home runs and 53 RBIs, and by September 17 he had reached 174 RBIs, breaking Lou Gehrig's major league record established three years earlier.
He ended the season with 190, along with an NL-record 56 home runs, .356 batting average, .454 on-base percentage, and league-leading .723 slugging percentage.
In 1999 the Commissioner of Baseball officially increased Wilson's 1930 RBI total to 191 after a box score analysis by baseball historian Jerome Holtzman revealed that Charlie Grimm had been mistakenly credited with an RBI actually driven home by Wilson during the second game of a doubleheader on July 28.
Wilson's 191 RBIs remains one of baseball's most enduring records; only Gehrig (185) and Hank Greenberg (184) ever came close, and there have been no serious challenges in the last 75 years.
Wilson's official total of 56 stood as the NL record until the 1998 season, when it was broken by Sammy Sosa (66) and Mark McGwire (70).
Wilson's success in the 1930 season served only to fuel his drinking habits, and in 1931 he reported to spring training 20 pounds overweight.
In addition, the NL responded to the prodigious offensive statistics of the previous year (the only season, other than 1894, in which the league as a whole batted over .300) by introducing a heavier ball with raised stitching to allow pitchers to gain a better grip and throw sharper curveballs.
He hit his 200th career home run at Ebbets Field on June 18 — only the fourth player ever to do so, behind Ruth, Cy Williams, and Hornsby — but then fell into a protracted slump, and was benched in late May.
On September 6 he was suspended without pay for the remainder of the season after a fight with reporters aboard a train in Cincinnati.
Less than a month later, the Cardinals sent him to the Brooklyn Dodgers for minor league outfielder Bob Parham and $25,000.
He began 1933 with a ninth-inning game-winning pinch-hit inside-the-park grand slam home run at Ebbets Field—the first pinch-hit grand slam in Dodger history, and only the third inside-the-park pinch-hit grand slam in MLB history.
By season's end his offensive totals had dropped substantially, and he was hitting .262 when the Dodgers released him mid-season in 1934.
The Philadelphia Phillies signed him immediately, but after just two hits in 20 at bats he was released again a month later.
In a 12-year major league career, Wilson played in 1,348 games and accumulated 1,461 hits in 4,760 at-bats for a .307 career batting average and a .395 on-base percentage.
He hit 244 home runs and batted in 1,063 runs, led the NL in home runs four times, and surpassed 100 RBIs six times.
Wilson returned to Martinsburg where he opened a pool hall, but encountered financial problems due to a failed sporting goods business venture, and then a rancorous divorce from Virginia.
By 1938 he was working as a bartender near Brooklyn's Ebbets Field where he sang for drinks, but had to quit when customers became too abusive.
In 1944 he took a job as a good will ambassador for a professional basketball team in Washington, D.C., where he lamented that fans remembered his two dropped fly balls in the 1929 World Series far more vividly than his 56 home runs and 191 RBIs in 1930.
Unable to find work in professional baseball, he moved to Baltimore where he worked as a tool checker in an airplane manufacturing plant and later as a laborer for the City of Baltimore.
Though the accident did not appear serious at first, pneumonia and other complications developed and he died of internal hemorrhaging on November 23, 1948, at the age of 48.
Wilson — once the highest-paid player in the National League — died penniless; his son, Robert, refused to claim his remains.
In marked contrast to Babe Ruth's funeral, which had been attended by thousands just three months earlier, only a few hundred people were present for Wilson's services.
Ten months later Joe McCarthy organized a second, more complete memorial service, attended by Kiki Cuyler, Charlie Grimm, Nick Altrock and other players from the Cubs and the Martinsburg team (by then renamed the Blue Sox).
In 1949 Charlie Grimm, the Cubs' new manager, posted a framed excerpt from that interview in the Cubs clubhouse, where it remains.
A Martinsburg street is named Hack Wilson Way in his honor, and the access road to a large city park within his home town, Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, is known as Hack Wilson Drive.
The company was established after a public tender by the Brazilian Federal Government to form two new networks, created from revoked concessions of the defunct Tupi and Excelsior networks.
SBT was funded in the same day that the concession agreement was signed, and that the act was broadcast live by the network, so that this was his first program aired.
Before acquiring the concessions of the four station that were to form the SBT, Grupo Silvio Santos had since 1976 the concession of Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as TVS, which was a fundamental step to give life to SBT.
Throughout its existence, the network always occupied the space in the audience ranking, except between 2007 and 2014, when the Record network took the post.
SBT has a total of 114 broadcast television stations (O&Os and affiliates) throughout the Brazilian territory, and is also available through pay television operators (cable and satellite), free-to-air signal on satellite receivers and also through streaming media in their mobile application (Android, iOS and Windows), applications for smart TVs and its website.
Also on their website, its programming is available in video on demand for free, also available from the video-sharing site YouTube since 2010.
SBT broadcast in their programming a wide variety of television genres, whereas its own material generally stand adjacent to the entertainment.
Foreign programming, mainly the telenovelas produced by the networks owned by the Mexican conglomerate Televisa, are part of their program schedule.
The network also possess times for the television news, producing in all three daily newscasts, a weekly news program and a weekly newscast.
The network owns the CDT da Anhanguera, a television complex located at kilometer 18 of Rodovia Anhanguera, in Osasco, São Paulo, occupying an area of 231 thousand square meters.
This is the third largest television complex in size installed in Latin America, being smaller only that the studios of TV Azteca, in Mexico, and the Estúdios Globo.
In 1962 (when he began his first TV program), Silvio Santos produced his own programs on Tupi, TV Paulista and on Rede Globo beginning in 1965.
His production company, Estudios Silvio Santos Cinema e Televisao, was successful on Tupi, Globo and (since 1972) on RecordTV (where he then owned half of the company's stock).
Other programs soon began, as the network gained support from city residents who sought an alternative to Globo, Tupi, Bandeirantes and TV Rio (the city's network, related to TV Record along with TVS).
The new channel debuted on May 14, 1976, with a logo of a gold circle with the number 11 slanted in gold, which featured in the first Scanimate idents and promos for the channel - making it a pioneer station in the country when it came to computer animation.
While during its early years the network studios were based in Rio, all program production for TVS transferred to São Paulo in 1978-79.
When Rede Tupi went out of business in 1980, Santos obtained three stations from the network: São Paulo's channel 4, Porto Alegre's channel 5 and Belém's channel 5.
Until the formation of SBT, the Silvio Santos Group also had a station named TVS in Nova Friburgo, serving viewers in the northern and western parts of the state, this was also its first branch station, having opened in 1979.
Some later affiliates were adopted from Rede Tupi after its closure on July 18, 1980 by order of Brazilian Minister of Communications Haroldo de Matos, who the following year would order SBT to begin transmissions.
It became one of the network's longest-running programs, running for over 24 years; the final show was at the end of 2010, when Camargo ended her contract.
The death of Flavio Cavacante, one of the network's pioneer presenters, just days after his May 22 episode of his own program shocked the nation so much that on the day of his funeral the network started transmissions only in the afternoon in his honor.
In 1992 SBT and Rede Globo jointly broadcast the 1992 Summer Olympics nationwide, with a grand advertising campaign for the Brazilian national team.
Despite problems and even the transfer of talents to other stations (such as the then resurgent Rede Record), the 90s proved to be a boom for the network.
By the end of the decade SBT held second place in the Brazilian ratings, after Globo, strengthed by a brand new and technologically advanced television complex, the CDT da Anhanguera, inaugurated in 1996, just in time for its 15th anniversary.
SBT began the decade investing in movies, broadcasting a package of Disney (now affiliated with Rede Globo) and Time Warner productions (the latter promoted in a one-hour network block).
In 2009, Liberato moved to Record after more than 20 years with SBT; at the same time, SBT signed presenters Roberto Justus and Eliana from Record.
TV Alagoas left the network in September 2009 and to broadcast religious programs, and SBT executive director William Stoliar sued to ensure the network's availability there.
In February 2014, the Communist Party of Brazil sends to the Federal Government a questioning, for which he cut around 75 million dollars in advertising the broadcaster, because of criticism that the journalist Rachel Sheherazade makes against the Government.
SBT has most of its schedule dedicated to programming for children and pre-teens, and it is a popular network with young audiences.
The network had until 2014 an agreement with Warner Brothers, giving it an exclusivity deal for its sitcoms, dramas and films.
For over 20 years SBT held second place in the Brazilian television ratings (behind Rede Globo), but in February 2007 it was outpaced by Rede Record for the first time in São Paulo.
In physics, specifically relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) and its applications to particle physics, relativistic wave equations predict the behavior of particles at high energies and velocities comparable to the speed of light.
More generally – the modern formalism behind relativistic wave equations is Lorentz group theory, wherein the spin of the particle has a correspondence with the representations of the Lorentz group.
The mathematical formulation was led by De Broglie, Bohr, Schrödinger, Pauli, and Heisenberg, and others, around the mid-1920s, and at that time was analogous to that of classical mechanics.
The Schrödinger equation and the Heisenberg picture resemble the classical equations of motion in the limit of large quantum numbers and as the reduced Planck constant , the quantum of action, tends to zero.
At this point, special relativity was not fully combined with quantum mechanics, so the Schrödinger and Heisenberg formulations, as originally proposed, could not be used in situations where the particles travel near the speed of light, or when the number of each type of particle changes (this happens in real particle interactions; the numerous forms of particle decays, annihilation, matter creation, pair production, and so on).
This equation was initially proposed by Schrödinger, and he discarded it for such reasons, only to realize a few months later that its non-relativistic limit (what is now called the Schrödinger equation) was still of importance.
For the first time, this introduced new four-dimensional spin matrices and in a relativistic wave equation, and explained the fine structure of hydrogen.
A remarkable result of spinor solutions is that half of the components describe a particle while the other half describe an antiparticle; in this case the electron and positron.
where is a spinor field now with infinitely many components, irreducible to a finite number of tensors or spinors, to remove the indeterminacy in sign.
He did not demand that each component of to satisfy equation (), instead he regenerated the equation using a Lorentz-invariant action, via the principle of least action, and application of Lorentz group theory.
They were anticipated later (in a more involved way) by de Broglie (1934), and Duffin, Kemmer, and Petiau (around 1938–1939) see Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau algebra.
The Dirac–Fierz–Pauli formalism was more sophisticated than Majorana’s, as spinors were new mathematical tools in the early twentieth century, although Majorana’s paper of 1932 was difficult to fully understand; it took Pauli and Wigner some time to understand it, around 1940.
In 1941, Rarita and Schwinger focussed on spin- particles and derived the Rarita–Schwinger equation, including a Lagrangian to generate it, and later generalized the equations analogous to spin for integer .
Bhabha and Lubanski proposed a completely general set of equations by replacing the mass terms in () and () by an arbitrary constant, subject to a set of conditions which the wave functions must obey.
Finally, in the year 1948 (the same year as Feynman's path integral formulation was cast), Bargmann and Wigner formulated the general equation for massive particles which could have any spin, by considering the Dirac equation with a totally symmetric finite-component spinor, and using Lorentz group theory (as Majorana did): the Bargmann–Wigner equations.
In the early 1960s, a reformulation of the Bargmann–Wigner equations was made by H. Joos and Steven Weinberg, the Joos–Weinberg equation.
It is still an area of the present-day research because the problem is only partially solved; including interactions in the equations is problematic, and paradoxical predictions (even from the Dirac equation) are still present.
Throughout, the standard conventions of tensor index notation and Feynman slash notation are used, including Greek indices which take the values 1, 2, 3 for the spatial components and 0 for the timelike component of the indexed quantities.
When applied to a Lorentz scalar field formula_21, one gets the Klein–Gordon equation, the most basic of the quantum relativistic wave equations.
From these all other representations can be built up using a variety of standard methods, like taking tensor products and direct sums.
With the closing of its local operations, Bethlehem Steel decided to help redevelop the South Side of Bethlehem, and hired outside consultants to develop concept plans on the reuse of the property.
Spring - Adaptive land use and environmental consultants retained by Bethlehem Steel to explore new uses for land to be vacated by the transition from steelmaking.
Winter - Brandenburg Industrial Services, Inc. begins site remediation by removing buildings that are not architecturally or historically significant or structurally viable for new uses.
April - Bethlehem City Council approves zoning changes of the 163 acres (0.7 km) of land owned by Bethlehem Steel between the Minsi Trail and Fahy Bridges.
April - Discovery Center of Science and Technology agrees to purchase former Bethlehem Plant office building to house an interactive museum for children.
December - Enterprise Development Company is named the master developer for the 163 acre (0.7 km) tract of land between the Minsi Trail and Fahy Bridges.
February - Bethlehem Steel Corporation signs a memorandum of understanding with the Smithsonian Institution for the long-term loan of artifacts to be exhibited in a new museum, the National Museum of Industrial History, that will be affiliated with the Smithsonian.
August - Headquarters for the Bethlehem Works revitalization effort are now open at 530 East Third Street in Bethlehem that establish a presence for Enterprise Development Company, the project's master developer.
The building, located across from the Discovery Center and the former Main Gate, gives Enterprise staff and visitors easy access to the Bethlehem Works' site.
The economic impact was revealed to be a $450 million investment that will create 2,500 full-time equivalent jobs and produce more than $20 million each year in tax revenue to local and state taxing authorities.
Winter - Master plan approved by City of Bethlehem's Planning Commission following the plan's unveiling to the community in late 1997.
Fall - Infrastructure improvement grants through the federal Transportation and Efficiency Act for the 21st century were authorized by the U.S. Congress.
Fall - Funding for public infrastructure improvements for roadways leading to Bethlehem Works is included in the longer-range budget process of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
February - Industrial artifacts from the 19th century moved to Bethlehem on a long-term loan basis from the Smithsonian Institution to the National Museum of Industrial History.
The Preview Center will be affiliated with the Smithsonian and will showcase artifacts that will be moved to the permanent 300,000 ft (28,000 m) museum that will have a planned opening in the plant's No.
February - Designated developer is named for former headquarters building to become a 262 room, full-service hotel with an adjacent conference center.
Castlebrook Development (formerly known as Wynco), a real estate development group located in Pittsburgh, is expected to partner with a national hotel chain under whose flag the hotel will operate.
April - Ground broken for the John M. Cook Technology Center-a 36,250 ft (3,368 m) post incubator facility for development of high-tech business start-ups.
James Lewis of Lewiston, N.Y., a developer of other family fun centers, plans up to 100,000 ft (9,000 m) of space in the existing carpenter shop and a new structure adjacent to the existing building.
November - Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge presents the Governor's Award for Environmental Excellence to Bethlehem Steel Corporation for its remediation process that will expedite the return of the Bethlehem Works property to productive use.
December - The City of Bethlehem's Planning Commission approved the subdivision plan and infrastructure improvements for Phase 1 of Bethlehem Works.
December - Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge presented $4.5 million to help build the Preview Center for the National Museum of Industrial History.
The project was enabled in February 1998 when the General Assembly approved Governor Ridge's plan to fund vital community and economic development projects statewide.
February - Letter of Designation is signed with Armada/Hoffler of Chesapeake, Va., to develop a multiplex cinema and up to 175,000 ft (16,000 m) of retail space.
September - Bids for the infrastructure for the first phase of Bethlehem Works construction are being advertised by the city of Bethlehem.
January - Armada/ Hoffler of Chesapeake, Va., has purchased six buildings on seven acres (28,000 m) for the construction of a multiplex cinema and up to 175,000 ft (16,000 m) of retail space.
April - A third technology center will be established on Bethlehem Steel property to support the growth of high technology companies.
April - A purchase and sale agreement has been signed with Paramount Pavilion Group for 3.6 acres (15,000 m) of land to construct a 70,000 ft (6,500 m) dual indoor ice skating rink with an outdoor in-line skating area.
December - Bethlehem obtains a license from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to open a slots parlor on the BethWorks development site.
Membership consists largely of undergraduates, though there have been graduate student members, and members who already hold university and college posts.
Meetings are held once a week, traditionally on Saturday evenings, during which one member gives a prepared talk on a topic, which is later thrown open for discussion.
The usual procedure was for members to meet at the rooms of those whose turn it was to present the topic.
It was a point of honour that the question voted on should bear only a tangential relationship to the matter debated.
Becoming an Apostle involves taking an oath of secrecy and listening to the reading of a curse, originally written by Apostle Fenton John Anthony Hort, the theologian, in or around 1851.
He was admitted in 1912 but resigned almost immediately because he could not tolerate the level of the discussion on the Hearth Rug; they took him back though in the 1920s when he returned to Cambridge.
The Apostles became well known outside Cambridge in the years before the First World War with the rise to eminence of the group of intellectuals known as the Bloomsbury Group.
John Maynard Keynes, Leonard Woolf, Lytton Strachey and his brother James, G. E. Moore, E. M. Forster and Rupert Brooke were all Apostles.
Three Cambridge graduates with access to the top levels of government in Britain, one of them a former Apostle, were eventually found to have passed information to the KGB.
The three known agents were Apostle Guy Burgess, an MI6 officer and secretary to the deputy foreign minister; Donald MacLean, foreign office secretary; and Kim Philby, MI6 officer and journalist.
Straight also told investigators that the Apostle John Peter Astbury had been recruited for Soviet intelligence by either Blunt or Burgess.
As the Queen's art adviser, Blunt was knighted in 1956, but was stripped of his knighthood in 1979 after Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher publicly named him as a spy—his confession having been kept secret before then.
Wovoka (c. 1856 - September 20, 1932), also known as Jack Wilson, was the Paiute religious leader who founded a second episode of the Ghost Dance movement.
Wovoka's father was Numu-tibo'o (sometimes called Tavibo), who for several decades was incorrectly believed to be Wodziwob, a religious leader who had founded the Ghost Dance of 1870.
From the age of eight until almost thirty Wovoka often worked for David Wilson, a rancher in the Yerington, Nevada area, and his wife Abigail, who gave him the name Jack Wilson when dealing with European Americans.
He was said to have caused a block of ice to fall out of the sky on a summer day, to be able to end drought with rain or snow, to light his pipe with the sun, and to form icicles in his hands.
Wovoka taught that in order to bring this vision to pass, the Native Americans must live righteously and perform a traditional round dance, known as the Ghost Dance.
One scholar of religions, Tom Thatcher, cites James Mooney's Smithsonian-sponsored anthropological report to claim that Wovoka received his first vision while chopping wood for David Wilson in 1887.
Conversely, historian Paul Bailey utilized Mooney's work along with interviews with Wovoka's contemporaries and interpreters to assert that he received the vision after entering a two-day trance, awaking in tears.
Regardless, shortly after receiving the vision and its message, it moved quickly beyond his local Paiute community by word of mouth to Native American tribes further east, notably the Lakota.
Before the Ghost dance reached Native Americans on South Dakota plains reservations, interest in the movement came from U.S. Indian Office, U.S. War Department, and multiple Native American tribal delegations.
This led to tribes adopting a militant form of Wovoka's teachings that emphasized an impending battle leading to the creation of the Ghost Shirts worn by Sioux and Lakota at the subsequent massacre.
Other Native American Leaders, such as Miniconjou, Short Bull and Kicking Bear allegedly adopted violent interpretations that emphasized the possible elimination of whites.
However, Wovoka never left his home in Nevada to become an active participant in the dance's dissemination in the U.S. interior.
In 1917, an agent for the Nevada Agency named L.A. Dorrington tracked down Wovoka to report on his whereabouts to Washington.
Curious to see if the former Native American messiah had any ties to the Native American Church, Dorrington found that Wovoka was instead living a humble life in Mason.
He abstained from the practice, worked as an occasional medicine man, and traveled to events on reservations across the United States.
Wovoka died in Yerington on September 20, 1932, and is interred in the Paiute Cemetery in the town of Schurz, Nevada.
In the moments leading up to this session, Billy's girlfriend Jean [played by Laughlin's wife, Delores Taylor], explains Wovoka and the Ghost Dance to an abused teenage girl hiding in sanctuary at the school from her abusive father.
Most likely born near what is now the border of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Payipwat was originally named Kisikawasan, or Flash in the Sky.
He was given the name Payipwat, literally Hole in the Sioux, in recognition of the knowledge he had gained while living among the Sioux.
At the same time, he had become chief of the Cree-Assiniboine or Young Dogs, a particularly powerful mixed band of Cree and Cree-speaking Assiniboine as well as some Plains Ojibwe.
As his band depended on the declining buffalo herds, Payipwat advocated for the Cree to expand their territory into the Cypress Hills.
He was unable to persuade the other leaders of his vision, but he refused to participate in the battle the next day in which the Cree attacked a Kainai village.
Payipwat demanded several changes to the treaty and, incorrectly believing that they had been made, signed it on September 9, 1875.
Although many of his requests were provided by the government as part of future treaties (particularly Treaty 6), several were not.
He and other Cree leaders refused to sign any additional treaties unless the Crown guaranteed the autonomy of the Cree people and grant them a united territory.
When it became clear that this would not happen, Payipwat, Cree leaders Cowessess and Foremost Man, and the Assiniboine First Nations all requested reserves in the Cypress Hills.
The requested territories were all adjacent, and Ottawa agreed to the request, effectively granting the tribe the united territory it sought.
In 1882, facing starvation due to the declining buffalo herds, Payipwat and the Young Dogs agreed to leave the Cypress Hills in exchange for food, horses and supplies.
The next year he again agreed to leave, this time to Indian Head, Assiniboia, and was escorted there by the North-West Mounted Police.
Once he arrived in Indian Head, Payipwat immediately set about organizing his people again with the goal of establishing their own territory.
Payipwat continued to be a respected spiritual leader among the Cree and continued to advocate for greater autonomy and promote the preservation of Cree culture.
He eventually succeeded when he had the chief arrested for holding a Thirst Dance, a ceremony which had been banned in 1892.
Ivan Gašparovič (; born 27 March 1941) is a Slovak politician and lawyer who was President of Slovakia from 2004 to 2014.
Ivan Gašparovič was born in Poltár, near Lučenec and Banská Bystrica in present-day south-central Slovakia, which was at the first Slovak Republic.
His father, Vladimir Gašparović, emigrated to Czechoslovakia from Rijeka in Croatia at the end of World War I and was a teacher at a secondary school in Bratislava, and at one point its Headmaster.
Gašparovič studied at the Law Faculty of the Comenius University in Bratislava, which is the main university in Slovakia, from 1959 to 1964.
He worked in the District Prosecutor's Office of the district of Martin (1965–66), then became a Prosecutor at the Municipal Prosecutor's Office of Bratislava (1966–68).
In 1968, he joined the Communist Party of Slovakia, supposedly to support Alexander Dubček's reforms, but he was expelled from the party after the Warsaw Pact invasion in Czechoslovakia in August 1968.
However, in spite of his expulsion, Gašparovič was able to continue his legal career and from 1968 to July 1990, he was a teacher at the Department of Criminal Law, Criminology and Criminological Practice at the Law Faculty of the Comenius University in Bratislava.
After the Velvet Revolution and the subsequent fall of the Communist regime, Gašparovič was chosen by the newly elected democratic president Václav Havel to become the country's federal Prosecutor-General.
After March 1992, he was briefly the Vice-President of the Legislative Council of Czechoslovakia, before the federal Czechoslovakia split into two independent states in January 1993.
He was a member of the Scientific Council of the Comenius University and of the Scientific Council of the Law Faculty of the same university.
He became Speaker of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (NRSR) after the victory of the HZDS in the June 1992 elections.
When a scandal erupted over the discovery of microphones in the U.S. Consulate in November 1992, Gašparovič was asked by Mečiar to head a commission to investigate the background of the affair, but the results were inconclusive.
The West viewed the regime as untrustworthy, and the country was excluded from the EU and NATO expansion talks that went on at the time at the neighbouring central European countries.
The period of the HZDS rule was among other things marked by persistent animosity between the HZDS-led government and the country's President Michal Kováč, a vocal opponent of the Mečiar regime.
The conflict had gotten to the point where the Slovak Secret Service SIS was alleged to have kidnapped the president's son, Michal Jr., plying him with alcohol, and dropping him in front of a police station in nearby Hainburg in Austria, a country where he was wanted on suspicion of financial fraud.
From October 1998 to 15 July 2002, when his HZDS was an opposition party, Gašparovič was a member of the parliamentary Committee for the Supervision of the SIS (the Slovak equivalent of CIA).
In July 2002 after four years in opposition Gašparovič left the HZDS after Mečiar decided not to include him and some other HZDS members on the ballot for the upcoming elections.
After the elections, Gašparovič returned to the Law Faculty of the Comenius University, and wrote several university textbooks as well as working papers and studies on criminal law.
In April 2004 Gašparovič decided to run for the presidency against Vladimír Mečiar and the then governing coalition's candidate Eduard Kukan.
In an unexpected turn of events, the perceived underdog Gašparovič received the second highest number of votes and moved on to the second round, once again facing Mečiar.
The main factor for Gašparovič's first round success was the low turnout of the front-runner Kukan's electorate, as Kukan was generally considered to be a sure bet for the second round.
In other words, the majority of the population viewed the first round as a formality, and was saving their effort for the second round to keep Mečiar at bay.
Hence in the second round the (potential) Eduard Kukan voters faced an uneasy choice between two representatives of the past regime.
Gašparovič's toned down and non-confrontational approach to presidency has increased his popularity with many voters, and he is a generally popular president now.
However, to date he has remained unapologetic about his role in the Mečiar's regime, which is generally perceived to have set back Slovakia's post-communist political and economic progress and development.
Gašparovič was supported by the Direction – Social Democracy of Prime Minister Robert Fico and the Slovak National Party a nationalist and populist party led by Jan Slota.
In a 23 August 2011 statement, Gašparovič opposed erecting a sculpture in memory of controversial Hungarian minority politician János Esterházy in Kosice, saying that the one-time deputy had been a follower of Hitler and fascism.
According to Hungarian President Pál Schmitt, Esterházy rejected both fascism and communism, suffered in the Gulag and died in a Moravian prison in 1957.
He has also become well known for his misspeaks that are often topics of conversations and jokes among Slovak public (e.g.
Political controversy followed him by his non-decision on naming new attorney general that had been elected by Slovak parliament as the president did not respect the vote and declined to name the attorney general into the function and caused on-going (July 2013) political crisis in Slovakia.
Sussan Penelope Ley (; born 14 December 1961) is an Australian Liberal Party politician serving as Minister of the Environment since 2019, and has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Farrer since 2001.
Ley served as Assistant Minister for Education in the Abbott Government from 18 September 2013 until 23 December 2014, when she entered the Cabinet and was appointed Minister for Health and Minister for Sport.
When she was one year old, her family moved to the United Arab Emirates, where her father worked as a British intelligence officer.
She was educated at Campbell High School, Dickson College, La Trobe University, the University of New South Wales and Charles Sturt University, and has master's degrees in taxation and accountancy.
They married in 1987, settled on her husband's family farm in north-east Victoria, and had three children before their 2004 divorce.
She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary (Children and Youth Affairs) in October 2004 and Parliamentary Secretary for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in January 2006.
Following the 2007 election, Ley was appointed Shadow Minister for Housing and Shadow Minister for Status of Women by Opposition Leader, Dr Brendan Nelson, moving to Shadow Minister for Customs and Justice when Malcolm Turnbull became Opposition Leader in September 2008.
When Tony Abbott became Opposition Leader in December 2009 she was given the portfolio of Shadow Assistant Treasurer and was moved to Shadow Minister for Employment Participation and Shadow Minister for Childcare and Early Childhood Learning after the 2010 election.
As part of a ministerial reshuffle, on 23 December 2014 Ley was promoted to cabinet, to become the Minister for Health.
In January 2017, an examination of Ley's expenditure claims and travel entitlements revealed she had purchased an apartment on the Gold Coast, close to the business premises of her partner, for $795,000 whilst on official business in Queensland.
On 8 January, Ley released a statement acknowledging that the purchase had changed the context of her travel, and undertaking to repay the government for the cost of the trip in question as well as three others.
On 9 January 2017, Ley announced that she would stand aside from her ministerial portfolios until an investigation into her travel expenses was completed by the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet.
Greg Hunt was appointed as Ley's replacement as the Minister for Health and Sport, and Ken Wyatt was appointed Assistant Minister for Health and Minister for Indigenous Health and Aged Care, both with effect from 24 January 2017.
During the second Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill of 2018, Ley signed the petition requesting to hold a party meeting to determine the leadership of the Liberal party.
The Mark of Cain (also seen as the initialism, TMOC) are a hard rock, alternative metal band from Adelaide, South Australia.
Their style has been likened to that of Helmet and Rollins Band, yet this band pre-dates both groups and was influenced by the early work of Joy Division, Big Black and United States hardcore groups.
The Mark of Cain were formed in mid-1984 by brothers, John (guitar) and Kim Scott (bass guitar), with Rod Archer on vocals and Gavin Atkinson playing drums.
Before long, Archer had left the group and John Scott took on the lead vocal role and the group has remained a trio ever since.
The Mark of Cain were formed as a punk rock group in Adelaide in mid-1984 by Rod Archer on lead vocals; Gavin Atchison on drums (ex-Spiral Collapse); John Scott on lead guitar (ex-Spiral Collapse) and his younger brother Kim Scott on bass guitar.
They replaced Archison with a succession of drummers: David Graham, Roger Crisp, John Rickert, Neil Guive and then Campbell Robinson by late 1988.
It was co-produced by the group with Anthony Bannister and was recorded at Adelaide's Soundtrack Australia studios in January of that year.
It was co-produced by Stuart Sheldon and the group, which was recorded at Artec Studios, Adelaide in February and March of that year.
The lyrics suggest a love song of sorts, yet this is no sappy Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young 'Judy Blue Eyes' folkie-lust.
The group had supported a run of international visiting groups, Rollins Band, Fugazi, Helmet, Albini's Shellac, Butthole Surfers, Killdozer, All, Pavement and Primus.
In March 2013 the band toured Australia with Eli Green on drums, sitting in for Stanier who was unable to tour due to his commitments with US band, Tomahawk.
In July 2019, the band has announced a national tour to play Battlesick in its entirety, as it has been 30 years since its release.
They lived about 150 million years ago, during the Tithonian age of the late Jurassic period, in what is now Europe.
Paleontologists have found two well-preserved fossils, one in Germany in the 1850s and the second in France more than a century later.
The skull had five pairs of fenestrae (skull openings), the largest of which was for the orbit (eye socket), with the eyes being larger in proportion to the rest of the skull.
The lower jaw was slender and had no mandibular fenestra, a hole in the side of the lower jawbone commonly seen in archosaurs.
The teeth were small but sharp, suited for its diet of small vertebrates and possibly other small animals, such as insects.
Its frontmost teeth (those on the premaxilla) were unserrated, unlike those further back in the jaw which were flattened and more strongly recurved.
However, there remains no evidence for an unugal phalanx on the third digit, so the digit may have been reduced and non-functional.
Ostrom debunked this hypothesis by showing conclusively that the French specimen was nearly identical to the German specimen in every aspect but its size.
The physician and fossil collector Joseph Oberndorfer acquired the German specimen (BSP AS I 563) in 1859, discovered about the same year in the lithographic limestone deposits in the Riedenburg-Kelheim region of Bavaria, in the Jurassic part of a lagoonal region known as the Solnhofen archipelago.
The German specimen is on display at the Bayerische Staatsammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie (Bavarian State Institute for Paleontology and Historical Geology) in Munich, Germany, which bought the fossil from Oberndorfer in 1865.
The larger French specimen (MNHN CNJ 79) was discovered by quarry owner Louis Ghirardi around 1971 in the Portlandian lithographic limestone of Canjuers near Nice in southeastern France.
However, later researchers have doubted their connection to the genus because they were found outside the body cavity of the animal.
In 1964 German geologist Karl Werner Barthel had explained the discs as gas bubbles formed in the sediment because of the putrefaction of the carcass.
In 2007, its speed was estimated at 17.8 m/s (40mph) making it the fastest known dinosaur and the fastest known animal on two legs; the estimate has been criticized by other scholars.
For a long time they were unique in their small size, as most other small dinosaurs were discovered and described a century or more later.
Prior to opening 2UE, he had operated experimental station 2IY, as well as working alongside a couple of other early experimenters.
The original studio was in the dining room of Stevenson's Maroubra home; and an 80 feet (24.384 metres) transmitting tower was installed in his back yard.
All the equipment was homemade; the studio and equipment costing £750 ($1,500) to build, and £9 ($18) per week to operate.
A local butcher was so disconcerted with the sounds between recordings and piano rolls that he paid Stevenson one shilling (10¢) to substitute his whistling with short talks about the quality of the butcher's meat.
As a cost saving measure in the depths of the Great Depression, in December 1935 it was announced that an organisation to be known as Broadcasting Service Association, Limited, would co-ordinate and provide combined production resources for 2UE and 2GB, but without owning or operating either station.
However, the concept never transpired in Australia, because in February 1937 2GB announced that it was going to form its own national network, and that eventually led to the formation of the Macquarie Network in 1938 which was at first jointly managed by 2GB and 2UE.
In 1938 2UE and 3DB Melbourne, launched the Major Broadcasting Network which for many decades was Australia's second most important radio network, after the Macquarie Network.
The main person behind the formation of the Major Network was David Worrall, manager of 3DB, and a most important figure in broadcasting history.
The Network broadcast a wide range of live variety programs including quizzes and dramas including soap operas, mostly emanating from the 3DB or 2UE studios.
The formation of the Major Network actually happened after two earlier attempts by David Worrall to form a network with 2UE as the Sydney station.
In 1933, a loose grouping, but the first Australian attempt to form a commercial network, was attempted, known as the Federal Network.
In 1938 2UE and 2GB, as partners in the newly formed Broadcast Services Association moved their studios and offices to Savoy House, 29 Bligh Street, Sydney, with 2UE on the 4th and 5th floors and 2GB on the 6th and 7th floors.
From 1939, 2UE became the first Australian station to broadcast six pips from the Australian observatory as an hourly time signal.
For many decades all Australian stations carried the six pip time signal first heard on 2UE, and some stations still do.
The importance of these types of programming at that time, is highlighted by the fact that in 1933 the 2UE Academy of Music was formed under Rex Shaw and Professor Clarence Elkin, so as to train singers and instrumentalists, particularly in the classical field.
In the 1930s, Test Cricket had a particularly high profile and most capital city radio stations, both the ABC and commercial stations, used the cricket as a vehicle for competitive programming, often interspersing live variety programs with news of the ongoing match supplied by overseas cablegrams.
He was on a two-year contract at the very high sum of £1,000 a year; a deal which is credited with keeping Bradman in Australia.
The transmitter tower was wired with explosives by the army, so that an enemy could not have used it, should there have been a World War II invasion.
Fire destroyed the Savoy House studios in 1943, and another Sydney station, 2CH, gave 2UE temporary accommodation in their own studio complex.
2UE was well known over many decades for its coverage of races, both in Sydney and, through relays, of meetings throughout Australia.
The 2UE racing service commenced in 1945 when Sports Editor Clif Cary, already well known for his cricket broadcasts, started a service then known as the Associated Sports Broadcasts which relayed horse racing and other Saturday afternoon sporting events to nine other N.S.W.
John Lamb died in 1978, and his son, Stewart, moved from Newcastle to Sydney to look after the Lamb family's interests in 2UE.
2UE instigated Australia's first Top 40 on 2 March 1958, with former Newcastle announcer Pat Barton as the host of a daily Top 40 program.
2UE increased its reliance on a Top 40 format, becoming one of the first stations in Australia to devote most of its air time to pop music, but by the end of this decade 2SM had superseded 2UE as Sydney's most popular Top 40 station.
Commencing in 1966, a major pop music promotion on 2UE Sydney and 3UZ Melbourne was Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds, a national rock band concert staged to promote Australian talent and foster new bands.
Until 1967 talkback was illegal in Australia because of government concerns that: a) people may say something they shouldn't; and b) callers may not know they were on the air.
Although 2UE was mainly broadcasting Top 40 during this period, in the early 1970s it also featured some country music, including programs hosted by Studio Manager Nick Erby.
The Lamb family sold 2UE to Kerry Packer in the 1980s, and Packer then sold it to Alan Bond but when the Bond Empire was crumbling in the early 1990s,the Lamb family was to buy back 2UE.
In 1986, under Kerry Packer, 2UE and 3AK Melbourne, embarked on a shared talk-back format called the CBC Network which featured selected Melbourne and Sydney based programs being broadcast across both stations.
It concerned paid advertising on talk back radio that was presented to the audience in such a way as to sound like editorial commentary.
They revealed that 2UE hosts John Laws and Alan Jones had been paid to give favourable comment to companies including Qantas, Optus, Foxtel, Mirvac and major Australian banks, without disclosing this arrangement to listeners.
The Australian Broadcasting Authority found that John Laws, Alan Jones, and 2UE had committed 90 breaches of the industry code and five breaches of 2UE's license conditions.
2UE continued to broadcast a news talk format, involving current affairs oriented programs with talkback across the day and more relaxed programming at nights and on weekends.
Despite having had a strong relationship in the 1930s through the Broadcast Services Association, by the 21st century 2UE had been a constant rival of 2GB for many decades.
In the early 2010s 2UE slipped badly in the ratings, suffering major blows when long time breakfast program host Alan Jones moved across to the 2GB breakfast program and when broadcaster John Laws retired from radio, leaving his 2UE morning program at the end of 2007.
On 9 April 2015, with 2UE and 2GB now both owned by the newly merged Macquarie Radio Network, the 2UE newsroom was closed after 90 years with the last news report being broadcast at 6 pm that day.
In the eighth and final ratings survey for 2013, released on 10 December 2013, overall 2UE scored a 4.2% market share well behind market leader 2GB on 13.3 which was ahead of next placed ABC702 on 10.4.
During this survey period, its Monday to Friday share slipped to 3.2 per cent of the available audience, putting it behind Macquarie Radio Network's 2CH which averaged 4.6 per cent and meant 2UE was only ahead of three stations.
The 2UE drive show slipping a further 0.7 points after the firing of Jason Morrison in the middle of the survey, and evenings slipping further losing 2.6 points, its biggest drop in the survey.
On 1 November 2013, 2UE's parent company, Fairfax Radio Network (FRN), announced that it had signed a five-year contract commencing with the 2013/2014 Australian cricket season, to broadcast the Boxing Day and Sydney Test matches, all One Day Internationals, the Big Bash League (BBL) and International T20 matches on network stations including 2UE.
Subsequently, in December 2013, FRN decided on an earlier start to their coverage by including the Perth test match which commenced on 13 December 2013.
In September 2016, 2UE relaunched with new branding and programming, moving away from its news talk position to a lifestyle format.
On Monday 27 February 2017, Macquarie Radio Network also launched the Talking Lifestyle format in Melbourne and Brisbane (Talking Lifestyle 1278 and Talking Lifestyle 882).
On Wednesday 4 April 2018, the three Talking Lifestyle branded stations relaunched with a new sports radio format under the name Macquarie Sports Radio with coverage of the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Macquarie Sports Radio 954 is the home of Sydney Swans and Greater Western Sydney Giants matches, as well as other selected AFL matches broadcast from 3AW, plus the early Friday night NRL Game from NRL Nation.
'God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen' (Track 5) has been played in concert many times over the years: this is the first studio version.
Peter John Lindsay (born 4 May 1944), Australian politician, was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 to July 2010, representing the Division of Herbert, Queensland.
In January 2007 he was appointed to the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence in the Howard Government.
He was born in Brisbane, Queensland, and was a television station production manager and General Manager of Townsville Television from 1972 to 1996 before entering politics.
Later in 2014, Lindsay was appointed to the boards of the Defence Honours & Awards Appeal Tribunal, the Queensland Government's Gambling Community Benefit Committee and the Constitution Education Fund Australia.
After graduating from the University of Tokyo with an economics degree in 1976, Ohta entered the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
Ohta's family name has been officially registered as Saitō (齊藤) since her marriage, but she uses her maiden name above for most public purposes.
She was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 until September 2013, representing the Division of Capricornia, Queensland.
Frithjof Schuon (; ) (18 June, 1907 – 5 May, 1998), also known as ʿĪsā Nūr ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad () after his conversion to Islam, was an author of German ancestry born in Basel, Switzerland.
He was a spiritual master, philosopher, and metaphysician inspired by the Hindu philosophy of Advaita Vedanta and Sufism and the author of numerous books on religion and spirituality.
In his writings, Schuon expresses his faith in an absolute principle, God, who governs the universe and to whom our souls would return after death.
His articles in French were collected in about 20 titles in French which were later translated into English as well as many other languages.
The main subjects of his prose and poetic compositions are spirituality and various essential realms of the human life coming from God and returning to God.
Schuon's father was a concert violinist and the household was one in which not only music but literary and spiritual culture were present.
Schuon lived in Basel and attended school there until the untimely death of his father, after which his mother returned with her two young sons to her family in nearby Mulhouse, France, where Schuon was obliged to become a French citizen.
Having received his earliest training in German, he received his later education in French and thus mastered both languages early in life.
While still living in Mulhouse, he discovered the works of René Guénon, the French philosopher and Orientalist, which served to confirm his intellectual intuitions and which provided support for the metaphysical principles he had begun to discover.
Living in Paris also brought the opportunity to be exposed to various forms of traditional art to a much greater degree than before, especially the arts of Asia with which he had had a deep affinity since his youth.
This period of growing intellectual and artistic familiarity with the traditional worlds was followed by Schuon's first visit to Algeria in 1932.
Schuon has written about his deep affinity with the esoteric core of various traditions and hence appreciation for the Sufism in the Islamic tradition.
On a second trip to North Africa, in 1935, he visited Algeria and Morocco; and during 1938 and 1939 he traveled to Egypt where he met Guénon, with whom he had been in correspondence for 27 years.
After having served in the French army, and having been made a prisoner by the Germans, he sought asylum in Switzerland, which gave him Swiss nationality and was to be his home for forty years.
In 1949 he married, his wife being a German Swiss with a French education who, besides having interests in religion and metaphysics, was also a gifted painter.
Following World War II, Schuon accepted an invitation to travel to the American West, where he lived for several months among the Plains Indians, in whom he always had a deep interest.
Having received his education in France, Schuon has written all his major works in French, which began to appear in English translation in 1953.
In 1959 and again in 1963, they journeyed to the American West at the invitation of friends among the Sioux and Crow American Indians.
In the company of their Native American friends, they visited various Plains tribes and had the opportunity to witness many aspects of their sacred traditions.
In 1959, Schuon and his wife were solemnly adopted into the Sioux family of James Red Cloud, descendant of Red Cloud.
Schuon's writings on the central rites of Native American religion and his paintings of their ways of life attest to his particular affinity with the spiritual universe of the Plains Indians.
Other travels have included journeys to Andalusia, Morocco, and a visit in 1968 to the reputed home of the Virgin Mary in Ephesus.
Schuon throughout his entire life had great respect for and devotion to the Virgin Mary which was expressed in his writings.
In 1980, Schuon and his wife emigrated to the United States, settling in Bloomington, Indiana, where a community of disciples from all over the world would gather around him for spiritual direction.
It was American anthropologist Joseph Epes Brown who through letters and journeys to Lausanne would speak of the Native Americans to Schuon and would create possibilities of exchange between Schuon and that world, exchanges that were to play an important role in the last period of the Schuon’s' life.
In his autobiography, Schuon explained how, after Yellowtail had performed a special rite, he had a visionary dream revealing to him certain aspects of the Plain Indian symbolism.
These gatherings were understood by disciples as a sharing in Schuon's personal insights and realization, not as part of the initiatic method he transmitted, centered on the invocation of a Divine Name.
A preliminary investigation was begun, but the chief prosecutor eventually concluded that there was no proof, noting that the plaintiff was of extremely dubious character who had been previously condemned for making false statements in another similar affair in California.
Schuon was greatly affected, but continued to write poetry in his native German, to receive visitors and maintain a busy correspondence with followers, scholars and readers until his death in 1998.
It was supposedly formulated in ancient Greece, in particular, by Plato and later Neoplatonists, and in Christendom by Meister Eckhart (in the West) and Gregory Palamas (in the East).
This intellectual universality is one of the hallmarks of Schuon's works, and it gives rise to insights into not only the various spiritual traditions, but also history, science and art.
The dominant theme or principle of Schuon's writings was foreshadowed in his early encounter with a Black marabout who had accompanied some members of his Senegalese village to Switzerland in order to demonstrate their culture.
When the young Schuon talked with him, the venerable old man drew a circle with radii on the ground and explained: God is in the center; all paths lead to Him.
The whole manifestation from the first Being (Ishvara) to matter (Prakriti), the lower degree of reality, is indeed the projection of the Supreme Principle (Brahman).
It is also the Supreme Self (Atman) and in its innermost essence, the Intellect (buddhi) that is the ray of Consciousness shining down, the axial refraction of Atma within Maya.
In particular, he wrote on the Invocation of the Divine Name (dhikr, Japa-Yoga, the Prayer of the Heart), considered by Hindus as the best and most providential means of realization at the end of the Kali Yuga.
As has been noted by the Hindu saint Ramakrishna, the secret of the invocatory path is that God and his Name are one.
Schuon notes that the essence of relativism is found in the idea that we never escape from human subjectivity whilst its expounders seem to remain unaware of the fact that relativism is therefore also deprived of any objectivity.
Schuon further notes that the Freudian assertion that rationality is merely a hypocritical guise for a repressed animal drive results in the very assertion itself being devoid of worth as it is itself a rational judgment.
Schuon was a frequent contributor to the quarterly journal Studies in Comparative Religion, (along with Guénon, Coomarswamy, and many others) which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.
The adult male has orange cheeks and ear coverts with a narrow streak of white under the eye and a trace of a white supercilium.
Young birds have a dark grey head and wings but the feathers are edged in white and the rest of the soft plumage is much streakier than that of the adults.
They are found in small groups that fly in wide circles in open forest, occasionally perching atop a tall and leafless tree.
He collected specimens during his travels in the Borabhum and Dholbhum area while serving as a lieutenant in the 31st regiment of native infantry.
Jerdon, a quinarian, considered the species to be a link between the swifts and swallows on the basis of their silky plumage, uncharacteristic of the swifts.
Like all swifts this species uses saliva to build its nest but it does not have all the toes facing forward as in the Apodini.
The crested treeswift builds a tiny and thin-walled and shallow nest made up of pieces of bark and feathers which is glued with saliva to the side of an exposed tree branch.
The nest is so small that incubating birds may just appear as if just normally perched on a branch having a knot.
Nearly half the egg is visible above the edge of the nest and is covered by the down feathers of their breast and belly when incubating.
The breeding season is during the hottest part of summer from March to July and nests may be positioned on the eastern side of a branch so that the adult would have the sun on its back during the afternoon.
The nestlings are cryptically patterned in grey and freeze when threatened with the head held low and beak held slightly upward and appear like a knot on a tree branch or when sitting horizontally appear like a chameleon.
James Eric Lloyd (born 17 July 1954), Australian politician, was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Australian House of Representatives from the March 1996 election until the November 2007 election, representing the Division of Robertson in New South Wales.
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, Lloyd was educated at Homebush Boys High School and worked in a variety of occupations, including milkman, ferry and cruise boat crew member, manager of a marina and service station proprietor before entering politics.
Lloyd was the Liberal Party candidate for the safe Labor seat of Peats at the 1984 New South Wales State election, gathering 33.40% of the vote.
His lobbying work prior to entering politics included collecting 60,000 signatures which resulted in the re-opening of the Cheero Point section of the Pacific Highway, which had been closed for several years following landslides.
Lloyd was Chief Government Whip from 2001 to 2004 before his appointment as Minister for Local Government, Territories and Roads in July 2004.
The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is an assembly, modelled on the United Nations General Assembly, of First Nations (Indian bands) represented by their chiefs.
The aims of the organization are to protect and advance the aboriginal and treaty rights and interests of First Nations in Canada, including health, education, culture and language.
The self-formation of political organizations of Indigenous peoples of North America has been a constant process over many centuries—the Iroquois Confederacy and the Blackfoot Confederacy are two prominent pre-colonial examples.
During the late 19th and early 20th century, a number of regional organizations, like the Grand Indian Council of Ontario and Quebec and the Allied Tribes of B.C.
The National Indian Council (NIC) was created in 1961 to represent Indigenous people of Canada, including treaty/status Indians, non-status Indians, the Métis people, though not the Inuit.
In response to the collapse of the NIC and the 1969 White Paper, George Manuel, Noel Doucette, Andrew Delisle, Omer Peters, Jack Sark, Dave Courchene, Roy Sam, Harold Sappier, Dave Ahenakew, Harold Cardinal and Roy Daniels incorporated the National Indian Brotherhood in 1970, an umbrella organization for the various provincial and territorial organizations, like the Indian Association of Alberta.
The NIB was a national political body made up of the leadership of the various provincial and territorial organizations (PTOs) which lobbied for changes to federal and provincial policies.
The following year, the NIB launched its first major campaign in opposition to the 1969 White Paper, in which the Minister of Indian Affairs, Jean Chrétien, proposed the abolition of the Indian Act, the rejection of land claims, and the assimilation of First Nations people into the Canadian population with the status of other ethnic minorities rather than a distinct group.
Startled by the strong opposition to the White Paper, the Prime Minister told the delegation the White Paper would not be imposed against their will.
Undoubtedly, this was one of the last steps in ending the Canadian Residential School System, long opposed by Indigenous people, but also a first step in the push for Indigenous self-governance.
The NIB gained consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1974, until such time as an international Indigenous organization could be formed.
When the World Council of Indigenous Peoples was formed on Nuu-chah-nulth territory the following year with the leadership of George Manuel, it took the place of the NIB at the United Nations.
Individual chiefs and regional groupings begin to chafe because their only access to the national scene was through their respective PTOs.
The question arose as to what would happen with the Treaty and aboriginal rights that had been guaranteed by the Imperial Crown if Canada took over its own governance.
They used the United Nations General Assembly as a model in conceiving what the new Assembly of First Nations would become.
The new structure, which gave membership and voting rights to individual First Nations chiefs rather than provincial/territorial organizations, was adopted in July 1985, as part of the Charter of the Assembly of First Nations.
On September 1, 1994, Ovide Mercredi, Chief of the AFN, advised federal government leaders that it must guarantee the rights of Aboriginal people in Quebec in the event of disunion.
In early 2013, documents revealed that the AFN had been operating in conjunction with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to provide information and conduct surveillance on members of the First Nations community.
The AFN, which depends upon the federal government for most of its funding, has sometimes been accused of being obsequious, and not representative of the larger First Nations community.
Except for Lincoln Mountain, the mountains of the Presidential Range are in the Breadloaf Wilderness in the Green Mountain National Forest.
Circular Quay railway station is a heritage-listed elevated commuter rail station that is located on the City Circle route, serving the Circular Quay precinct of the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia.
Circular Quay is an area of historical significance for Sydney, as it was for a long time the central harbour of a settlement which relied on shipping for its connection to the outside world.
By the 20th century, ferry commuter wharves began to eclipse commercial shipping wharves as the dominant feature of the Quay area.
Tunnels to link the surrounding stations to the future Circular Quay station were built from Central between 1917 and 1926 to St James (eastern section) and 1932 to Wynyard (western section).
Work on the section of the railway through Circular Quay began in 1936, was interrupted by World War II, and recommenced in 1945.
Designs for the station building itself commenced in 1927, revised in 1937, and the station was finally completed and opened on 20 January 1956 by State Premier Joe Cahill, with the first regular train services beginning on 22 January.
The completion of Circular Quay station marked the completion of the City Circle railway as originally envisaged by John Bradfield making it the newest station on the line.
The construction and placement of the station was always controversial due to its prominent location at the head of Circular Quay, an important natural and cultural landmark and visitors' attraction.
There have been various proposals to relocate the station underground in conjunction with the demolition of the Cahill Expressway, however these have not come to fruition.
A refurbishment in 2007 introduced sun-shading awnings on the platforms, removed advertising hoarding between the tracks, and improved facilities on the concourse level.
Both platforms feature sections of open galleries, offering views to Circular Quay, the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House on one side, and Customs House and the Alfred Street plaza on the other.
The exterior of the remainder of the platform feature open, glass-railed galleries, supported on the lower level by a continuation of the central facade.
The top of the northern, harbour-facing facade is incorporated into the viewing platform and rest area located above the station alongside the Cahill Expressway roadway.
The central concourse is surrounded on either side by retail and food shops and public toilets located under the elevated platforms.
The station is in an inter-war functionalist style, as seen in the strong horizontal lines presented by the windows and galleries, with art deco details.
Adjacent to the station lies Circular Quay wharf that is served by Captain Cook Cruises, Manly Fast Ferry and Sydney Ferries services.
Caniff did cartoons for local newspapers while studying at Stivers High School (now Stivers School for the Arts) in Dayton Ohio.
In 1932, Caniff moved to New York City to accept an artist job with the Features Service of the Associated Press.
The eponymous main character was a youth who dreamed himself into adventures with such literary and legendary persons as Robin Hood, Robinson Crusoe and King Arthur.
But over the years the title character aged, and by World War II he was old enough to serve in the Army Air Force.
Other characters included: Burma, a blonde with a mysterious, possibly criminal, past; Chopstick Joe, a Chinese petty criminal; Singh Singh, a warlord in the mountains of China; Judas, a smuggler; Sanjak, a lesbian; and then boon companions such as Hotshot Charlie, Terry's wing man during the War years; and April Kane, a young woman who was Terry's first love.
But Caniff's most memorable creation was the Dragon Lady, a pirate queen; she was seemingly ruthless and calculating, but Caniff encouraged his readers to think she had romantic yearnings for Pat Ryan.
Her function, Caniff often said, was to remind service men what they were fighting for, and while the situations in the strip included much 'double entendre', Miss Lace was not portrayed as being promiscuous.
Another strip had her dancing with a man in civilian clothes; a disgruntled GI shoved and mocked him for having an easy life, but Lace's partner was in fact an ex-GI blinded in battle.
While the strip was a major success, it was not owned by its creator but by its distributing syndicate, the Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News, a common practice with syndicated comics at the time.
And when Caniff, growing more and more frustrated with the lack of rights to the comic strip he produced, was offered the chance to own his own strip by Marshall Field, publisher of the Chicago Sun, the cartoonist quit Terry to produce a strip for Field Enterprises.
At the time, Caniff was one of only two or three syndicated cartoonists who owned their creations, and he attracted considerable publicity as a result of this circumstance.
Canyon was portrayed originally as a civilian pilot with his own one-airplane cargo airline, but he re-enlisted in the Air Force during the Korean War and remained in the Air Force for the remainder of the strip's run.
The title character's dedication to the military produced a negative reaction among readers during the Vietnam War, and the strip's circulation decreased as a result.
Caniff nonetheless continued to enjoy enormous regard in the profession and in newspapering, and he produced the strip until his death in 1988.
The strip was published for a couple of months after he died, but was ended in June 1988, due to Caniff's decision that no one else would continue the feature.
The character of Charlie Vanilla, who appeared frequently with an ice cream cone, was based on Caniff's long term friend Charles Russhon, a former photographer and Lieutenant in the US Air Force who later worked as a James Bond movie technical adviser.
Caniff was one of the founders of the National Cartoonists Society and served two terms as its President, 1948 and 1949.
In 1977, the Milton Caniff Collection of papers and original art became the foundation for what is known presently as the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum.
In addition to the original artwork, the collection includes Caniff's personal and business papers, correspondence, research files, photographs, memorabilia, merchandise, realia, awards, audio/visual material and scrapbooks.
Along with Hal Foster and Alex Raymond, Caniff's style had a tremendous influence on the artists who drew American comic books and adventure strips during the mid-20th century.
Evidence of his influence can be seen in the work of comic book/strip artists such as Jack Kirby, Frank Robbins, Lee Elias, Bob Kane, Mike Sekowsky, John Romita, Sr., Johnny Craig, William Overgard and Doug Wildey to name just a few.
The strip features a number of real-life characters and situations, albeit in a fictional setting, including Gary Powers and the U-2 Crisis and Hugh Hefner.
During World War II, Dottie is the model for Milton, an artist who has been commissioned to draw a strip to raise the morale of the troops.
This version of Caniff is not a particularly sympathetic one, depicting him in a loveless marriage while obsessed with Dottie who has rejected him.
The 1971 San Fernando earthquake (also known as the Sylmar earthquake) occurred in the early morning of February 9 in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California.
Damage was locally severe in the northern San Fernando Valley and surface faulting was extensive to the south of the epicenter in the mountains, as well as urban settings along city streets and neighborhoods.
The event affected a number of health-care facilities in Sylmar, San Fernando, and other densely populated areas north of central Los Angeles.
The Olive View Medical Center and Veterans Hospital both experienced very heavy damage, and buildings collapsed at both sites, causing the majority of deaths that occurred.
The buildings at both facilities were constructed with mixed styles, but engineers were unable to thoroughly study the buildings' responses because they were not outfitted with instruments for recording strong ground motion, and this prompted the Veterans Administration to later install seismometers at its high-risk sites.
Other sites throughout the Los Angeles area had been instrumented as a result of local ordinances, and an extraordinary amount of strong motion data was recorded, more so than any other event up until that time.
Transportation around the Los Angeles area was severely afflicted with roadway failures and the partial collapse of several major freeway interchanges.
The near total failure of the Lower Van Norman Dam resulted in the evacuation of tens of thousands of downstream residents, though an earlier decision to maintain the water at a lower level may have contributed to saving the dam from being overtopped.
Schools were affected, as they had been during the 1933 Long Beach earthquake, but this time amended construction styles improved the outcome for the thousands of school buildings in the Los Angeles area.
Another result of the event involved the hundreds of various types of landslides that were documented in the San Gabriel Mountains.
As had happened following other earthquakes in California, legislation related to building codes was once again revised, with laws that specifically addressed the construction of homes or businesses near known active fault zones.
The San Gabriel Mountains are a long portion of the Transverse Ranges and are bordered on the north by the San Andreas Fault, on the south by the Cucamonga Fault, and on the southwest side by the Sierra Madre Fault.
The frontal fault system at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains extends from the San Jacinto Fault Zone in the east to offshore Malibu in the west, and is defined primarily by moderate to shallow north-dipping faults, with a conservative vertical displacement estimated at .
Paleomagnetic evidence has shown that the western Transverse Ranges were formed as the Pacific Plate moved northward relative to the North American Plate.
As the plate shifted to the north, a portion of the terrane that was once parallel with the coast was rotated in a clockwise manner, which left it positioned in its east–west orientation.
The Transverse Ranges form the perimeter of a series of basins that begins with the Santa Barbara Channel on the west end.
Moving eastward, there is the Ventura Basin, the San Fernando Valley, and the San Gabriel Basin, with active reverse faults (San Cayetano, Red Mountain, Santa Susana, and Sierra Madre) all lining the north boundary.
A small number of damaging events have occurred, with three in Santa Barbara (1812, 1925, and 1978) and two in the San Fernando Valley (1971 and 1994), though other faults in the basin that have high Quaternary slip rates have not produced any large earthquakes.
The San Fernando earthquake occurred on February 9 at 6:00:41 am Pacific Standard Time (14:00:41 UTC) with a strong ground motion duration of about 12 seconds.
Considerable damage was seen in localized portions of the valley and also in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains above the fault block.
The fault that was responsible for the movement was not one that had been considered a threat, and this highlighted the urgency to identify other similar faults in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
The shaking surpassed building code requirements and exceeded what engineers had prepared for, and although most dwellings in the valley had been built in the prior two decades, even modern earthquake-resistant structures sustained serious damage.
Several key attributes of the event were shared with the 1994 Northridge earthquake, considering both were brought about by thrust faults in the mountains north of Los Angeles, and each resulting earthquake being similar in magnitude, though no surface rupture occurred in 1994.
Since both occurred in urban and industrial areas and resulted in significant economic impairment, each event drew critical observation from planning authorities, and has been thoroughly studied in the scientific communities.
Prominent surface faulting trending N72°W was observed along the San Fernando Fault Zone from a point south of Sylmar, stretching nearly continuously for east to the Little Tujunga Canyon.
Additional breaks occurred farther to the east that were in a more scattered fashion, while the western portion of the most affected area had less pronounced scarps, especially the detached Mission Wells segment.
Although the complete Sierra Madre Fault Zone had previously been mapped and classified by name into its constituent faults, the clusters of fault breaks provided a natural way to identify and refer to each section.
As categorized during the intensive studies immediately following the earthquake, they were labeled the Mission Wells segment, Sylmar segment, Tujunga segment, Foothills area, and the Veterans fault.
All segments shared the common elements of thrust faulting with a component of left-lateral slip, a general east-west strike and a northward dip, but they were not unified with regard to their connection to the associated underlying bedrock.
The initial surveyors of the extensive faulting in the valley, foothills, and mountains reported only tectonic faulting, while excluding fissures and other features that arose from the effects of compaction and landsliding.
In the vicinity of the Sylmar Fault segment, there was a low possibility of landslides due to a lack of elevation change, but in the foothills and mountainous area a large amount of landsliding occurred and more work was necessary to eliminate the possibility of misidentifying a feature.
Along the hill fronts of the Tujunga segment some ambiguous formations were present because some scarps may have had influence from downhill motion, but for the most part they were tectonic in nature.
In repeated measurements of the different fault breaks, the results remained consistent, leading to the belief that most of the slip had occurred during the mainshock.
While lateral, transverse, and vertical motions were all observed, the largest individual component of movement was of left lateral slip near the middle of the Sylmar segment.
A three-week inspection of the aftershock activity was undertaken that included events that were recorded by an array of permanent stations that were operated by the California Institute of Technology, a USGS instrument stationed at Point Mugu, and California Department of Water Resources seismometers at Pyramid Springs and Cedar Springs.
Temporary seismometers that were set up in response to the mainshock were up and running from as soon as several hours to several days after the main event and provided additional data until March 1.
The catalog of items was mostly complete and included 200 shocks of magnitude 3.0 or greater and four shocks of magnitude 5.0 or greater.
Several of the smaller shocks approached the area of surface faulting, but for the most part, the area that experienced the heaviest shaking and damage (as a result of the mainshock) lacked aftershock activity.
The Pacoima Dam, with its unusually high peak ground acceleration reading, laid very close to the center of that aftershock-free zone.
The USGS commissioned a private company and the United States Air Force to take aerial photographs over of the mountainous areas north of the San Fernando Valley.
Highly shattered rock was also documented along the ridge tops, and rockfalls (which continued for several days) were the result of both the initial shock and the aftershocks.
The greatest number of slides were centered to the southwest of the mainshock epicenter and close to the areas where surface faulting took place.
The slides ranged from in length, and could be further categorized as rock falls, soil falls, debris slides, avalanches, and slumps.
The most frequently-encountered type of slide was the surficial (less than thick) debris slides and were most often encountered on terrain consisting of sedimentary rock.
In early 1971, the San Fernando Valley was the scene of a dense network of strong-motion seismometers, which provided a total of 241 seismograms.
This made the earthquake the most documented event, at the time, in terms of strong-motion seismology; by comparison, the 1964 Alaska earthquake did not provide any strong motion records.
Part of the reason there were so many stations to capture the event was a 1965 ordinance that required newly constructed buildings in Beverly Hills and Los Angeles over six stories in height to be outfitted with three of the instruments.
One hundred seventy-five of the recordings came from these buildings, another 30 were on hydraulic structures, and the remainder were from ground-based installations near faults, including an array of the units across the San Andreas Fault.
The extraordinarily high acceleration was just one part of the picture, considering that duration and frequency of shaking also play a role in how much damage can occur.
Cracks formed in the rocks and a rock slide came within of the apparatus, and the foundation remained undamaged, but a small (half-degree) tilt of the unit was discovered that was apparently responsible for closing the horizontal pendulum contacts.
As a result of what was considered a fortunate accident, the machine kept recording for six minutes (until it ran out of paper) and provided scientists with additional data on 30 of the initial aftershocks.
The areas that were affected by the strongest shaking were the outlying communities north of Los Angeles that are bounded by the northern edge of the San Fernando Valley at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains.
The area where the heaviest effects were present was limited by geographical features on the three remaining margins, with the Santa Susana Mountains on the west, the Santa Monica Mountains and the Los Angeles River to the south, and along the Verdugo Mountains to the east.
Loss of life that was directly attributable to the earthquake amounted to 58 (a number of heart attack and other health-related deaths were not included in this figure).
Most deaths occurred at the Veterans and Olive View hospital complexes, and the rest were located at private residences, the highway overpass collapses, and a ceiling collapse at the Midnight Mission in downtown Los Angeles.
The hospital buildings, the freeway overpasses, and the Sylmar Juvenile Hall were on coarse alluvium that overlay thousands of feet of loosely consolidated sedimentary material.
In the city of San Fernando, underground water, sewer, and gas systems suffered breaks too numerous to count, and some sections were so badly damaged that they were abandoned.
Ground displacement damaged sidewalks and roads, with cracks in the more rigid asphalt and concrete often exceeding the width of the shift in the underlying soil.
A band of similarly intense damage further away near Ventura Boulevard at the southern end of the valley was also identified as having been related to soil type.
Federal, county, and private hospitals suffered varying degrees of damage, with four major facilities in the San Fernando Valley suffering structural damage, and two of those collapsing.
The one-story Foothill Nursing Home sat very close to a section of the fault that broke the surface and was raised up three feet higher than the street.
Though the reinforced concrete block structure was afflicted by the shock and uplift, the relatively good performance was in stark contrast to that of the Olive View and Veterans Hospital complexes.
Most of the buildings at the Los Angeles County–owned, 880-bed hospital complex had been built before the adoption of new construction techniques that had been put in place after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake.
The five-story, reinforced-concrete Medical Treatment and Care Building was one of three new additions to the complex (all three of which sustained damage), was assembled with earthquake-resistant construction techniques, and was completed in December, 1970.
The hospital was staffed by 98 employees and had 606 patients at the time of the earthquake; all three deaths that occurred at the Olive View complex were in this building.
Two were due to power failure of life-support systems and one, that of an employee who was struck by part of the collapsing building as he or she tried to exit the building, was a direct result of the destruction.
The Medical Treatment and Care Building included a basement that was exposed (above grade) on the east and south sides, mixed (above and below grade) on the west side, and below grade on the north side of the building, the variation being due to the shallow slope at the site.
The complete structure, including the four external staircases, could be considered five separate buildings, because the stair towers were detached from the main building by about four inches.
Earthquake bracing used in the building's second through fifth floors consisted of shear walls, but a rarely used slip joint technique used with the concrete walls at the first floor kept them from being part of that system.
Damage to the building, including ceiling tiles, telephone equipment, and elevator doors, was excessive at the basement and the first floor, with little damage further up.
The difference in rigidity at the second floor was proposed as a cause of the considerable damage to the lower levels.
Because the first floor almost collapsed, the building was leaning to the north by almost two feet, and three of the four concrete stair towers fell away from the main building.
Electrical power and communications failed at the hospital at the time of the earthquake, but very few people occupied the lower floors and the stairways at the early hour.
The duration of strong ground motion at that location was probably similar to the 12 seconds observed at the Pacoima Dam, and another few seconds' shaking is thought to have been enough to bring the building to collapse.
The Veterans Administration Hospital entered into service as a tuberculosis hospital in 1926 and became a general hospital in the 1960s.
By 1971, the facility comprised 45 individual buildings, all lying within of the fault rupture in Sylmar, but the structural damage was found to have occurred as a result of the shaking and not from ground displacement or faulting.
Twenty-six buildings that were built prior to 1933 had been constructed following the local building codes and did not require seismic-resistant designs.
These buildings suffered the most damage, with four buildings totally collapsing, which resulted in a large loss of life at the facility.
Most of the masonry and reinforced concrete buildings constructed after 1933 withstood the shaking and most did not collapse, but in 1972 a resolution came forth to abandon the site and the remaining structures were later demolished, the site becoming a city park.
Few strong motion seismometer installations were present outside of the western United States prior to the San Fernando earthquake but, upon a recommendation by the Earthquake and Wind Forces Committee, the Veterans Administration entered into an agreement with the Seismological Field Service (then associated with NOAA) to install the instruments at all VA sites in Uniform Building Code zones two and three.
It had been established that these zones had a higher likelihood of experiencing strong ground acceleration, and the plan was made to furnish the selected VA hospitals with two instruments.
One unit would be installed within the structure and the second would be set up as a free-field unit located a short distance away from the facility.
As of 1973, a few of the highest risk (26 were completed in zone 3 alone) sites that had been completed were in Seattle, Memphis, Charleston, and Boston.
The lower dam was very close to breaching, and approximately 80,000 people were evacuated for four days while the water level in the reservoir was lowered.
Some canals in the area of the dams were damaged and not usable, and dikes experienced slumping but these did not present a hazard.
The earthen lip of the dam fell into the reservoir and brought with it the concrete lining, while what remained of the dam was just above the water level.
The upper lake subsided and was displaced about as a result of the ground movement, and the dam's concrete lining cracked and slumped.
The upper dam was constructed in 1921 with the hydraulic fill process, three years after the larger lower dam, which was fabricated using the same style.
An inspection of the lower dam in 1964 paved the way towards an arrangement between the State of California and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power that would maintain the reservoir's water level that was reduced 10 feet lower than was typical.
Since the collapse of the dam lowered its overall height, the decision to reduce its capacity proved to be a valuable bit of insurance.
The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, as well as the County of Los Angeles, investigated and verified that local soil conditions contributed to the ground displacement and resulting destruction.
The area of surface breaks on the ground at the site was (at its widest) and stretched down a 1% grade slope towards the southwest.
As much as of lateral motion was observed on either end of the slide, and trenches that were excavated during the examination at the site revealed that some of the cracks were up to deep.
The two facilities, located near Grapevine and Weldon canyons that channel water and debris off the Sierra Madre Mountains, are lined by steep ridges and have formed alluvial fans at their mouths.
The narrow band of ground disturbances were found to have been the result of settling of the soft soil in a downhill motion.
Soil liquefaction played a role within confined areas of the slide, but it was not responsible for all the motion at the site, and tectonic slip of faults in the area was also excluded as a cause.
Substantial disruption to about 10 miles of freeways in the northern San Fernando Valley took place, with most of the damage occurring at the Foothill Freeway / Golden State Freeway interchange, and along a five-mile stretch of Interstate 210.
On Interstate 5, the most significant damage was between the Newhall Pass interchange on the north end and the I-5 / I-405 interchange in the south, where subsidence at the bridge approaches and cracking and buckling of the roadway made it unusable.
Several landslides occurred between Balboa Boulevard and California State Route 14, but the most significant damage occurred at the two major interchanges.
The Antelope Valley Freeway had damage from Newhall Pass to the northeast, primarily from settling and alignment issues, as well as splintering and cracking at the Santa Clara River and Solemint bridges.
While the Newhall Pass interchange was still under construction at the time of the earthquake, the requisite components of the overpass were complete.
Vibration caused two of the bridge's 191-foot sections to fall from a maximum height of , along with one of the supporting pillars.
The spans slipped off of their supports at either end due to lack of proper ties and insufficient space (a seat was provided) on the support columns.
Ground displacement at the site was ruled out as a major cause of the failure, and in addition to the fallen sections and a crane that was struck during the collapse, other portions of the overpass were also damaged.
Shear cracking occurred at the column closest to the western abutment, and the ground at the same column's base exhibited evidence of rotation.
This interchange is a broad complex of overpasses and bridges that was nearly complete at the time of the earthquake and not all portions were open to traffic.
Several instances of failure or collapse at the site took place and two men were killed while driving in a pickup truck as a result.
The westbound I-210 to southbound I-5, which was complete except for paving at the ramp section, collapsed to the north, likely because of vibration that moved the overpass off its supports due to an inadequate seat.
Unlike the situation at the Antelope Valley Interchange, permanent ground movement (defined as several inches of left-lateral displacement with possibly an element of thrusting) was observed in the area.
The movement contributed to heavy damage at the Sylmar Juvenile Hall facility, Sylmar Converter Station, and the Metropolitan Water District Treatment Plant, but its effects on the interchange was not completely understood as of a 1971 report from the California Institute of Technology.
The large number of public school buildings in the Los Angeles area displayed mixed responses to the shaking, and those that were built after the enforcement of the Field Act clearly showed the results of the reformed construction styles.
The Field Act was put into effect just one month following the destructive March 1933 Long Beach earthquake that damaged many public school buildings in Long Beach, Compton, and Whittier.
The Los Angeles Unified School District had 660 schools consisting of 9,200 buildings at the time of the earthquake, with 110 masonry buildings that had not been reinforced to meet the new standards.
All these buildings had been previously inspected with regard to the requirements of the Act, and many were reinforced or rebuilt at that time, but earthquake engineering experts recommended further immediate refurbishment or demolition after a separate evaluation was done after the February 1971 earthquake, and within a year and a half the district followed through with the direction with regard to about 100 structures.
At Los Angeles High School ( from Pacoima Dam) where the exterior walls of the main pre-Field Act building (constructed 1917) were unreinforced brick masonry, long portions of the parapet and the associated brick veneer broke off and some fragments fell through the roof to a lower floor, while other material landed on an exit stairway and into a courtyard area.
The main building was demolished at a cost of $127,000, and none of the various post-Field Act buildings were damaged at the site.
Except for the concrete gymnasium, all of the buildings at Sylmar High School ( from Pacoima Dam) were post-Field Act, one-story, wood construction.
At , Hubbard Street Elementary School was the closest school to Pacoima dam, and was also less than a mile from the Veterans Hospital complex.
The wood frame buildings (classrooms, a multipurpose building, and some bungalows) were built after the Field Act, and damage and cleanup costs there totaled $42,000.
After the M6.4 1933 Long Beach earthquake the Field Act was passed the following month, and after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act and Senate Bill 1953 (hospital safety requirements) were established.
Following the San Fernando event, earthquake engineers and seismologists from established scientific organizations, as well as the newly formed Los Angeles County Earthquake Commission, stated their recommendations that were based on the lessons learned.
The list of items needing improvements included building codes, dams and bridges being made more earthquake resistant, hospitals that are designed to remain operational, and the restriction of development near known fault zones.
Introduced as Senate Bill 520 and signed into law in December 1972, this legislation was originally known as the Alquist-Priolo Geologic Hazard Zones Act, and had the goal of reducing damage and losses due to surface fault ruptures or fault creep.
Since it is presumed that surface rupture will likely take place where past surface displacement has occurred, the state geologist was given the responsibility for evaluating and mapping faults that had evidence of Holocene rupture, and creating regulatory zones around them called Earthquake Fault Zones.
State and local agencies (as well as the property owner) were then responsible for enforcing or complying with the building restrictions.
Prior to the San Fernando earthquake, some structural engineers had already believed that the existing groundwork for seismic design required enhancement.
Despite the compelling seismogram from the 1940 event in El Centro, strong-motion seismology was not explicitly sought until later events occurred—the San Fernando earthquake made evident the need for more data for earthquake engineering applications.
The California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program was initiated in 1971 with the goal of maximizing the volume of data by furnishing and maintaining instruments at selected lifeline structures, buildings, and ground response stations.
The 1979 Imperial Valley and 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquakes were presented as gainful events that were recorded during that period, because both produced valuable data that increased knowledge of how moderate events affect buildings.
The success of the Imperial Valley event was especially pronounced because of a recently constructed and fully instrumented government building that was shaken to the point of failure.
Lake Tear of the Clouds, at the col between Mounts Marcy and Skylight is often cited as the highest source of the Hudson River, via Feldspar Brook and the Opalescent River, even though the main stem of the Opalescent River has as its source a higher point two miles north of Lake of the Clouds, and that stem is a mile longer than Feldspar Brook.
Its first recorded ascent was on August 5, 1837, by a large party led by Ebenezer Emmons looking for the source of the East Fork of the Hudson River.
Vice President (and former governor) Theodore Roosevelt was at his hunting camp, Tahawus, on September 14, 1901, after summiting Marcy, when he was informed that President William McKinley, who had been shot a week earlier, had taken a serious turn for the worse.
Roosevelt and his party hiked ten miles (16 km) down the southwest face of the mountain to Newcomb, New York where he hired a stage coach to take him to the closest train station at North Creek.
At some point along the route, Roosevelt learned that McKinley had died, and so Roosevelt took the train to Buffalo to be sworn in as the President.
There are two plaques at the top commemorating the centennial of the first dated climb as well as the mountain summit itself.
From there it is 7.4 miles (11.2 km) to the summit, a lengthy 14.8-mile (22.4 km) roundtrip which can nevertheless be done in a day.
Visibility on the summit occasionally affords very distant views of most of the Monteregian Hills volcano chain in Quebec's St Lawrence valley as far north as Mont St Hillaire.
Views of Burlington and Lake Champlain adorn the surrounding Green Mountains with visibility extending far beyond the Southern Adirondacks as well.
Although most summer days are comfortably humid on Mount Marcy, episodes of warmth and moderate humidity can occur with heat index values > .
Since 1981 at Mount Marcy (elevation ), the highest air temperature was on 08/03/1988, and the highest daily average mean dew point was on 08/01/2006.
The plant hardiness zone on Mount Marcy (elevation ) is 3b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of .
Alapana, sometimes also called ragam, is the exposition of a raga or tone - a slow improvisation with no rhythm, where the raga acts as the basis of embellishment.
In performing alapana, performers consider each raga as an object that has beginnings and endings and consists somehow of sequences of thought.
In a Carnatic concert, the alapana introducing a major composition may last 45 minutes or more, while those preceding other compositions are proportionately shorter.
Performers and instrumental accompanists often render the alapana together and individually (for example, vocalist's phrases are shadowed by that of a violinist, and later the violinist may perform solo).
The James–Younger Gang was a notable 19th-century gang of American outlaws that centered around Jesse James and his brother Frank James.
As well as the notorious James brothers, at various times it included the Younger brothers (Cole, Jim, John, and Bob), John Jarrett (married to the Youngers' sister Josie), Arthur McCoy, George Shepherd, Oliver Shepherd, William McDaniel, Tom McDaniel, Clell Miller, Charlie Pitts (born Samuel A.
The James–Younger Gang had its origins in a group of Confederate bushwhackers that participated in the bitter partisan fighting that wracked Missouri during the American Civil War.
After the war, the men continued to plunder and murder, though the motive shifted to personal profit rather than for the glory of the Confederacy.
The James–Younger Gang dissolved in 1876, following the capture of the Younger brothers in Minnesota during the ill-fated attempt to rob the Northfield First National Bank.
Three years later, Jesse James organized a new gang, including Clell Miller's brother Ed and the Ford brothers (Robert and Charles), and renewed his criminal career.
For nearly a decade following the Civil War, the James–Younger Gang was among the most feared, most publicized, and most wanted confederations of outlaws on the American frontier.
Though their crimes were reckless and brutal, many members of the gang commanded a notoriety in the public eye that earned the gang significant popular support and sympathy.
The gang's activities spanned much of the central part of the country; they are suspected of having robbed banks, trains, and stagecoaches in at least eleven states: Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, and West Virginia.
From the beginning of the American Civil War, the state of Missouri had chosen not to secede from the Union but not to fight for it or against it either: its position, as determined by an 1861 constitutional convention, was officially neutral.
Missouri, however, had been the scene of much of the agitation about slavery leading up to the outbreak of the war, and was home to dedicated partisans from both sides.
The Missouri State Guard and the newly elected Governor of Missouri, Claiborne Fox Jackson, who maintained implicit Southern sympathies, were forced into exile as Union troops under Nathaniel Lyon and John C. Frémont took control of the state.
Still, pro-Confederate guerrillas resisted; by early 1862, the Unionist provisional government mobilized a state militia to fight the increasingly organized and deadly partisans.
This conflict (fought largely, though not exclusively, between Missourians themselves) raged until after the fall of Richmond and the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, costing thousands of lives and devastating broad swathes of the Missouri countryside.
Union troops often executed or tortured suspects without trial and burned the homes of suspected guerrillas and those suspected of aiding or harboring them.
Where credentials were suspect, the accused guerrilla was often executed, as in the case of Lt. Col. Frisby McCullough after the Battle of Kirksville.
Zerelda Samuel, the mother of Frank and Jesse James, was an outspoken partisan of the South, though the Youngers' father, Henry Washington Younger, was believed to be a Unionist.
Cole Younger's initial decision to fight as a bushwhacker is usually attributed to the death of his father at the hands of Union forces in July 1862.
He and Frank James fought under one of the most famous Confederate bushwhackers, William Clarke Quantrill, though Cole eventually joined the regular Confederate Army.
At the war's end, Frank James surrendered in Kentucky; Jesse James attempted to surrender to Union militia but was shot through the lung outside of Lexington, Missouri.
The James brothers, however, continued to associate with their old guerrilla comrades, who remained together under the leadership of Archie Clement.
On February 12, 1866, a group of gunmen carried out one of the first daylight, peacetime, armed bank robberies in U.S. history when they held up the Clay County Savings Association in Liberty, Missouri.
In later years, the list of suspects grew to include Jesse and Frank James, Cole Younger, John Jarrett, Oliver Shepherd, Bud and Donny Pence, Frank Greg, Bill and James Wilkerson, Joab Perry, Ben Cooper, Red Mankus, and Allen Parmer (who later married Susan James, Frank and Jesse's sister).
Four months later, on June 13, 1866, two members of Quantrill's Raiders were freed from prison in Independence, Missouri; the jailer, Henry Bugler, was killed.
The hold-up most clearly linked to the group was of Alexander Mitchell and Company in Lexington, Missouri, on October 30, 1866, which netted $2,011.50.
Clement was also linked to violence and intimidation against officials of the Republican government that now held power in the state.
On election day, Clement led his men into Lexington, where they drove Republican voters away from the polls, thereby securing a Republican defeat.
Despite the death of Clement, his old followers remained together, and robbed a bank across the Missouri River from Lexington in Richmond, Missouri, on May 22, 1867, in which the town mayor and two lawmen were killed.
This set the stage for the emergence of the James and Younger brothers, and the transformation of the old crew into the James–Younger Gang.
John Jarrett and Arthur McCoy were mentioned in numerous newspaper accounts, so they were likely active in gang activities up to 1875.
On December 7, 1869, Frank and Jesse James are believed to have robbed the Daviess County Savings Association in Gallatin, Missouri.
The bank contacted the Pinkerton National Detective Agency in Chicago, the first involvement of the famous agency in the pursuit of the James–Younger Gang.
Agency founder Allan Pinkerton dispatched his son, Robert Pinkerton, who joined a county sheriff in tracking the gang to a farm in Civil Bend, Missouri.
On September 23, 1872, three men (identified by former bushwhacker Jim Chiles as Jesse James and Cole and John Younger) robbed a ticket booth of the Second Annual Kansas City Industrial Exposition, amid thousands of people.
Apart from Chiles' testimony, there is no other evidence this crime was committed by the James or Younger brothers, and Jesse later wrote a letter denying his or the Youngers' involvement.
Arthur McCoy had lived in this area and knew it quite well; he was likely involved and may have been the planner and leader.
On July 21, 1873, the gang carried out what was arguably the first train robbery west of the Mississippi River, derailing a locomotive of the Rock Island Railroad near Adair, Iowa.
The outlaws took $2,337 from the express safe in the baggage car, having narrowly missed a transcontinental express shipment of a large amount of cash.
There, the gang returned a pocket watch to a Confederate veteran, saying that Northern men had driven them to outlawry and that they intended to make them pay for it.
In both train robberies, their usual target, the safe in the baggage car belonging to an express company, held an unusually small amount of money.
On this occasion, the outlaws reportedly examined the hands of the passengers to ensure that they did not rob any working men.
To correct errors, the gang telegraphed a report of the Gads Hill robbery to the St. Louis Dispatch newspaper for publication.
On March 11, 1874, John W. Whicher, the agent who was sent to investigate the James brothers, was found shot to death alongside a rural road in Jackson County, Missouri.
Two other agents, John Boyle and Louis J. Lull, accompanied by Deputy Sheriff Edwin B. Daniels to track the Youngers, posed as cattle buyers.
On March 17, 1874, the trio was stopped and attacked by John and Jim Younger on a rural stretch of road near Monegaw Springs, Missouri.
On August 30, three of the gang held up a stagecoach across the Missouri River from Lexington, Missouri, in view of hundreds of onlookers on the bluffs of the town.
The blast nearly severed the right arm of Zerelda Samuel, the James boys' mother (the arm had to be amputated at the elbow that night), and killed their 9-year-old half-brother, Archie Samuel.
On April 12, 1875, an unknown gunman shot dead Daniel Askew, a neighbor and former Union militiaman who may have been suspected of providing the Pinkertons with a base for their raid.
By September 1875, at least part of the gang had ventured east to Huntington, West Virginia, where they robbed a bank on September 7.
Two new members participated: Tom McDaniel (brother of Bud) and Tom Webb (a Confederate veteran who had been at Lawrence with Frank and Cole).
Also in 1875, the two James brothers moved to the outskirts of Nashville, Tennessee, probably to save their mother from further raids by detectives.
Once there, Jesse James began to write letters to the local press, asserting his place as a Confederate hero and a martyr to Radical Republican vindictiveness.
The Rocky Cut raid set the stage for the final act of the James–Younger Gang: the famous Northfield, Minnesota raid on September 7, 1876.
Jim Younger had never wanted anything to do with Cole's outlaw activities, but he agreed to go out of family loyalty.
According to public reports, it was a perfectly ordinary rural bank, though rumors persisted that General Adelbert Ames, son of the owner of the Ames Mill in Northfield, had deposited $50,000 there.
Shortly after the robbery, Bob Younger declared that they had selected it because of its connection to two Union generals and Radical Republican politicians: Benjamin Butler and his son-in-law Adelbert Ames.
General Ames had just stepped down as Governor of Mississippi, where he had been strongly identified with civil rights for freedmen.
He had recently moved to Northfield, where his father owned the mill on the Cannon River and had a large amount of stock in the bank.
Cole, Jim and Bob Younger, Frank and Jesse James, Charlie Pitts, Clell Miller and Bill Chadwell took the train to St. Paul, Minnesota in early September 1876.
After a layover in St. Paul they divided into two groups, one going to Mankato, the other to Red Wing, on either side of Northfield.
They purchased expensive horses and scouted the terrain around the towns, agreeing to meet south of Northfield along the Cannon River near Dundas on the morning of September 7, 1876.
Northfield residents had seen the gang leave a local restaurant near the mill shortly after noon, where they dined on fried eggs.
They testified at the Younger brothers' trial that the group smelled of alcohol and that the gang was obviously under the influence when they greeted General Ames.
Three of the outlaws (Bob Younger, Frank James and Charlie Pitts) crossed the bridge by the Ames Mill and entered the bank; the other five (Jesse James, Cole and Jim Younger, Bill Stiles and Clell Miller) stood guard outside.
Two were standing outside the bank’s front door and the other three were waiting in Mills Square to guard the gang's escape route.
During the gun battle, medical student Henry Wheeler killed Miller, shooting from a third-floor window of the Dampier House Hotel, across the street from the bank.
Other civilians wounded the Younger brothers (Cole was shot in his left hip, Bob suffered a shattered elbow, and Jim was shot in the jaw).
The only civilian fatality on the street was 30-year-old Nicholas Gustafson, an unarmed recent Swedish immigrant, who was killed by Cole Younger at the corner of 5th Street and Division.
Thirteen Swedish families lived west of Northfield in the Millersburg area in 1876, including Peter Gustafson, who had recently been joined by his brother Nicolaus and nephew Ernst from Sweden.
West of Millersburg that morning, Peter Youngquist harnessed his mules and headed for Northfield to sell farm produce, accompanied by Gustafson and three others.
The Swedes arrived in Northfield about 1:00 PM and set up their vegetable wagon along the Cannon River near 5th Street.
Nicolaus Gustafson ran to the intersection of Division and 5th a block away, where he was shot in the head as the bank was being robbed.
Bunker escaped from the bank by running out the back door despite being wounded in the right shoulder by Pitts as he ran.
The three robbers then ran out of the bank after hearing the shooting outside and mounted their horses to make a run for it, having taken only several bags of nickels from the bank.
In addition to the death of Miller and Stiles, every one of the rest of the gang was wounded, including Frank James and Pitts, both shot in their right legs.
The six surviving outlaws rode out of town on the Dundas Road toward Millersburg where four of them had spent the night before.
After several days the gang had only reached the western outskirts of Mankato when they decided to split up (despite persistent stories to the contrary, Cole Younger told interviewers that they all agreed to the decision).
The Youngers and Pitts remained on foot, moving west, until finally they were cornered in a swamp called Hanska Slough, just south of La Salle, Minnesota, on September 21, two weeks after the Northfield raid.
Frank and Jesse secured horses and fled west across southern Minnesota, turning south just inside the border of the Dakota Territory.
In the face of hundreds of pursuers and a nationwide alarm, Frank and Jesse escaped, but the infamous James–Younger Gang was no more.
On November 16, a grand jury issued four indictments — one each for the first-degree murders of Joseph Heywood and Nicolaus Gustafson, one for bank robbery, and one for assault with deadly weapons on the wounded bank clerk, Bunker.
The three brothers pleaded guilty on November 20, 1876 and were sentenced to life terms in the state penitentiary at Stillwater.
Peter Youngquist and Carl Hirdler donated an acre of land adjacent to their homes overlooking Circle Lake and in 1877 John Olson was hired to build the Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church west of Millersburg.
Today the church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and historical markers in front of the church tell the story of Nicolaus Gustafson and the founding of Christdala.
On March 11, 1881, Jesse, Ryan, and Jesse's cousin Wood Hite robbed a federal paymaster at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, taking $5,240.
Shortly afterward, a drunk and boastful Ryan was arrested in Whites Creek, near Nashville, and both Frank and Jesse James fled back to Missouri.
On July 15, 1881, Frank and Jesse James, Wood and Clarence Hite, and Dick Liddil robbed the Rock Island Railroad near Winston, Missouri of $900.
With this new outbreak of train robberies, the new Governor of Missouri, Thomas T. Crittenden, convinced the state's railroad and express executives to put up the money for a large reward for the capture of the James brothers.
On February 11, 1882, James Timberlake arrested Wood Hite's brother Clarence, who made a confession but died of tuberculosis in prison.
Only two cases ever came to trial – one in Gallatin, Missouri for the July 15, 1881 robbery of the Rock Island Line train at Winston, Missouri in which a train crewman and a passenger were killed, and one in Huntsville, Alabama for the March 11, 1881 robbery of a United States Army Corps of Engineers payroll at Muscle Shoals, Alabama.
Missouri kept jurisdiction over him with other charges but they never came to trial and they kept him from being extradited to Minnesota.
They ended up being model prisoners and in one incident helped keep other prisoners from escaping during a fire at the prison.
Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the engine is increased in accordance with the vapour power cycle analysis of the second law of thermodynamics.
The reason all engines are not higher compression is because for any given octane, the fuel will prematurely detonate with a higher than normal compression ratio.
However, a forced induction engine can have a higher total compression without detonation because the air charge can be cooled after the first stage of compression, using an intercooler.
One of the primary concerns in internal combustion emissions is a factor called the NOx fraction, or the amount of nitrogen/oxygen compounds the engine produces.
Superchargers use various different types of compressors but are all powered directly by the rotation of the engine, usually through a belt drive.
A turbocharger relies on the volume and velocity of exhaust gases to spin (spool) the turbine wheel, which is connected to the compressor wheel via a common shaft.
The chief benefit of a turbocharger is that it consumes less power from the engine than a supercharger; the main drawback is that engine response suffers greatly because it takes time for the turbocharger to come up to speed (spool up).
Any given turbo design is inherently one of compromise; a smaller turbo will spool quickly and deliver full boost pressure at low engine speeds, but boost pressure will suffer at high engine RPM.
Other common design issues include limited turbine lifespan, due to the high exhaust temperatures it must withstand, and the restrictive effect the turbine has upon exhaust flow.
Because it is a positive displacement device, this compressor has the advantage of producing the same pressure ratio at any engine speed.
These drawbacks are countered by charge-air cooling, which passes the air leaving the turbocharger or supercharger through a heat exchanger typically called an intercooler.
This is done by cooling the charge air with an ambient flow of either air (air-air intercooler) or liquid (liquid-to-air intercooler).
In this way an intercooler can greatly increase the ability to run higher absolute compression ratios and take full advantage of using compressors in series.
The only drawbacks of intercooling are the intercooler's size (typically close to the size of a radiator), and the associated plumbing and piping.
Water injection, unlike nitrous oxide or forced induction, doesn't add much power to the engine by itself, but allows more power to be safely added.
Due to the lower intake temperatures and denser air charge, more boost pressure and timing advance can be safely added without using higher octane fuel.
Diesel engines do not have preignition problems because fuel is injected at the end of the compression stroke, therefore higher compression is used.
Diesel two-strokes work in a different way to petrol ones and must have some form of forced induction - generally a supercharger - to work at all.
To obtain more power from higher boost levels and maintain reliability, many engine components have to be replaced or upgraded from that of naturally aspirated powertrains.
Ethanol, methanol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) allow higher boost than gasoline, because of their higher resistance to autoignition (lower tendency to knock).
Diesel engines can also tolerate much higher levels of boost pressure than Otto cycle engines, because only air is being compressed during the compression phase, and fuel is injected later, removing the knocking issue entirely.
Unique design considerations for motorcycles include tractable power delivery; and packaging for heat removal, space conservation, and desired center of gravity.
In dhrupad singing the alap is unmetered, improvised (within the raga) and unaccompanied (except for the tanpura drone), and started at a slow tempo.
For people unfamiliar with the raga form, it introduces the mode (the pattern of ascending and perhaps different descending scale) to the listener.
The jor and jhala can be seen as separate sections of the performance, or as parts of the alap; in the same way, jhala can be seen as a part of jor.
Even though Raychoudhuri admits the 13th stage is wholly extinct, as we see we are in jhala already at the fourth stage; the sthai-to-abhog movement is all part of the first stage (vilambit).
Since predictions are about what has yet to be observed and because there is no necessary connection between what has been observed and what will be observed, there is no objective justification for these predictions.
Deductive logic cannot be used to infer predictions about future observations based on past observations because there are no valid rules of deductive logic for such inferences.
Hume's answer was that observations of one kind of event following another kind of event result in habits of regularity (i.e., associating one kind of event with another kind).
The justification of rules of a deductive system depends on our judgements about whether to reject or accept specific deductive inferences.
Thus, for Goodman, the problem of induction dissolves into the same problem as justifying a deductive system and while, according to Goodman, Hume was on the right track with habits of mind, the problem is more complex than Hume realized.
However, the confirmation is not a problem of justification but instead it is a problem of precisely defining how evidence confirms generalizations.
The generalization that all men in a given room are third sons, however, is not a basis for predicting that a given man in that room is a third son.
This problem is known as Goodman's paradox: from the apparently strong evidence that all emeralds examined thus far have been green, one may inductively conclude that all future emeralds will be green.
All past observed emeralds were green, and we formed a habit of thinking the next emerald will be green, but they were equally grue, and we do not form habits concerning grueness.
A state description is a (usually infinite) conjunction containing every possible ground atomic sentence, either negated or unnegated; such a conjunction describes a possible state of the whole universe.
An alternative approach inspired by Carnap defines a natural kind to be a set whose members are more similar to each other than each non-member is to at least one member.
However, Goodman argued, that this definition would make the set of all red round things, red wooden things, and round wooden things (cf.
between the present and past circumstances in which the word was used, and between the present and past phonetic utterances of the word.
Ostensive learning is a case of induction, and a curiously comfortable one, since each man's spacing of qualities and kind is enough like his neighbor's.
Quine, following Watanabe, suggests Darwin's theory as an explanation: if people's innate spacing of qualities is a gene-linked trait, then the spacing that has made for the most successful inductions will have tended to predominate through natural selection.
However, this cannot account for the human ability to dynamically refine one's spacing of qualities in the course of getting acquainted with a new area.
Kripke then argues for an interpretation of Wittgenstein as holding that the meanings of words are not individually contained mental entities.
Though similar in name, the Ur-grue is significantly different from the classic grue, being more akin to an evil god than a simple predatory monster.
In video technology, 24p refers to a video format that operates at 24 frames per second (typically, 23.976 frames/s when using equipment based on NTSC frame rates) frame rate with progressive scanning (not interlaced).
There are two common workflows for processing 24p material using video equipment, one using PAL frame rates, and the other using NTSC frame rates.
As for audio, the ≈4% increase in speed raises the pitch by 0.7 of a semitone, which again typically is not noticed.
If 24p footage cannot be sped up, (for example if it were coming through a live NTSC or HD feed) it instead can be converted in a pattern where most frames were held on screen for two fields, but every half second a frame would be held for three fields.
This was the common result when programs were shot on film or had film portions, edited on NTSC, and then shown in PAL countries (mostly music videos).
NTSC to PAL conversion also tends to blur each film frame into the next, and so is seen as a sub-optimal way to view film footage.
30p can be preferable over 24p since performing a standards conversion to 25i PAL has fewer technical complexities – any NTSC-PAL converter will do.
The process of transferring 24frame/s video at 25frame/s rates is also the most common method for ingesting 24p film rushes into a non-linear editor.
The resulting 25frame/s video can then be transferred into a non-linear editing system at 25 frame/s, maintaining the 1:1 frame correspondence between film frames and video frames.
Once in the non-linear editing system, the editing system, knowing that the material actually originated 24frame/s rather than at 25frame/s, will replay it at the correct speed.
The original film Keykode and 24frame/s audio timecode can be then be reconciled with the 25frame/s telecine timecode by the generation of a telecine log file containing this information.
Again, once the non-linear editor has this information, editing can be performed entirely in terms of 24frame/s timecode, and the Keykode information preserved for either film cutting or digital intermediate post-production of scanned film images.
Because sound is recorded separately from moving pictures in 24p projects, there are no problems regarding synchronization or audio pitch: the audio material is simply ingested separately from the moving picture material at its natural rate, and synchronized within the non-linear editor.
Working with 24p material via video equipment working at NTSC frame rates has many of the same attributes as the 24 frame/s workflow, but is more complicated by the NTSC-rate practice of using telecine pull-down rather than the PAL practice of transferring 24 frame/s material at 25 frame/s.
The first field (the odd field) contains visible scan lines 21-263 and the second field (the even field) contains visible scan lines 283–525.
24p cameras do not, as NTSC video cameras do, shoot 30 interlaced frames per second (60 fields); they shoot 24 full progressive frames per second.
It can be captured as a standard 60i file and edited like footage from any other camera, while still retaining its 24p aesthetic.
There can be issues when editing the footage as 60i, however, including choppiness in short transitions or fades, and also a mismatch in the motion characteristics of the footage and any graphics which may be added to it, such as text or logos.
So, while 24p footage can be edited as 60i, it is usually better to edit the footage on a 24p timeline with the pulldown removed.
Most current prosumer-level editing applications which edit native 24p can remove the 3:2 pulldown for editing in native 24p, although some cannot.
However, this is not ideal; the removal of the 3:2 pulldown involves reconstruction of every fourth frame from two different field groups, which can cause a generational loss and some banding problems if the application doesn't interpret the footage properly.
It converts the first frame into two fields, the second into three fields, the third into three fields, and the fourth into two fields.
This pulldown pattern is used to avoid segmenting a 24p frame into two different 60i fields that exist in two different 60i frames.
The advanced pulldown scheme avoids this as every 24p frame can be found intact within the resulting sequence of 60i frames, yet the compression efficiency remains the same as with 3:2 pulldown.
Then, only every fifth frame will be made up of fields from two different frames, and that frame can be discarded, leaving only the other four full frames.
Because the 2:3:3:2 scheme was devised for efficient pulldown removal for editing, and because 24p editing applications more universally support its removal, it should always be used when planning to edit in native 24p.
Editing systems need specific support for the 24pA format to be able to detect and remove the pulldown properly so that the 24p frames can be edited in a 24p timeline.
However, among the editing applications able to remove pulldown and edit in native 24p, it is more common for them to have support for 24pA 2:3:3:2 pulldown than for standard 24p 3:2 pulldown removal.
Still other editing applications have the option for editing on a 24p timeline, and will accept footage where the pulldown has already been removed in another application.
Also because the 2:3:3:2 pulldown scheme was devised in order to make pulldown removal for editing in native 24p more efficient, the pulldown arrangement is not ideal for watching footage.
There can be exaggerated stutters in motion, because the frames which are split into three fields are not only onscreen for 50% longer than the other frames, they are back-to-back.
It involves using optical flow to extrapolate 24 frames of information from 60 frames while compensating for the time displacement between the two.
For example, in one second of 60i footage, each image is captured at 1/60 second, which does not perfectly align with images that would have been captured 24 times per second.
Since the images were captured at 1/60 second, there is less motion blur between images than there would have been if shot at 24 frame/s with a 180° shutter (i.e.
Optical flow is used to introduce motion blur between frames, mimicking the motion blur present when shooting the standard 180° shutter angle.
This method of creating motion blur is far more realistic than simple frame blending, which is simple to implement and usually a standard feature in most non-linear editing programs.
It uses all of the temporal information in 50i or 60i footage to create the equivalent of a slow motion sequence shot at 50 or 60 frames per second, respectively.
VirtualDub, along with AviSynth, can be used to perform a 60i to 24p conversion in a similar way to After Effects.
The reason AviSynth must be used is because VirtualDub cannot split the fields into a 60p sequence on its own, and this technique requires 60p input.
In the 2:2:2:4 pulldown scheme, used as a choice primarily by Apple's Final Cut Pro v7 and earlier, every fourth frame is repeated.
This scheme is easier for slower hardware to implement as it requires less processing, but it introduces significant judder due to frame duplication.
Many HD monitors are able to receive a 24p signal (not a 60i signal with pulldown added) and can display the 24p material directly.
Many early NTSC plasma and LCD monitors operated at 60 Hz and only supported 1080i (60i) or 720p (60p) content sources, requiring input signals 24p to be converted by the external source.
Many monitors now support signal processing at 120 Hz or higher, allowing 24p content to be displayed without judder by showing each frame for a fixed number of refresh cycles.
In 2002, Panasonic released the Prosumer DV camera AG-DVX100 (followed by the updated models AG-DVX100A in 2003 and AG-DVX100B in 2005).
This camera was the first DV camera that could switch between different frame rates, including 60i, 30p, and 24p with a choice between the 2:3:3:2 or 3:2 pulldown schemes.
Following the success of the DVX100, in December, 2005, Panasonic released the Panasonic AG-HVX200, which offers 24p HD at the sub-$10,000 level.
Basically an HD version of the DVX100 series, it heavily targets independent filmmakers, as HD has a much higher resolution than DV and will generally look superior on a film blow-up.
It is also noteworthy that the camera records HD footage, complete with clip information, to static P2 memory cards instead of tape.
For recording 24p to tape in formats which typically do not support 24p, such as DV, options include PsF (Progressive segmented Frame), 2:3 Pulldown and advanced pulldown.
Some 24p productions, especially those made only for NTSC TV and video distribution (e.g., in Canada or the USA), actually have a frame rate of 24000 ÷ 1001, or 23.976023976023976 frame/s.
In other words, when a time code was reached of 00:16:40:00, this does not mean the video has played for 16 real minutes and 40 real seconds (1000 seconds), but that it has actually played for exactly 16 minutes and 41 seconds (1001 seconds).
On the other hand, some Netflix originals are encoded in 24.000 (for example The Witcher), which is problematic to play for some devices, for example Apple TV.
Both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc support the 24p frame rate, but technical implementations of this mode are different among the two formats.
Digital cinema equipment is now capable of handling much higher frame rates, such as the 48p frame rate, along with the traditional 24p.
Some current, best-of-breed professional video cameras provide 120 frame/s progressive capture, which is 5 times 24p and can be converted to 24p, 30p, 50i, and 60i/p with editing options and precision in motion shots.
The game elicited much commentary from the company and the video game press in the following years, though as of 2019, all trademarks had expired, with no announced plans to work on the game.
Inquiry over a new title was subsequently large enough to warrant an entry in Square Enix's FAQ page, in which the company noted that no new game was in development, though this did not mean the series was dead.
In 1953, under Granz's direction, she recorded her first album with Peterson's rhythm section: Herb Ellis on guitar, Ray Brown on double bass, and J. C. Heard on drums.
In 1955, she wrote a letter to Lawrence Berk asking him to give her a chance to study at his school.
Akiyoshi composed and arranged music for the band, and Tabackin served as the band's featured soloist on tenor saxophone and flute.
BMG continued to release her big band's recordings in Japan but remained skeptical about releasing the music in the United States Although Akiyoshi was able to release several albums in the U.S. featuring her piano in solo and small combo settings, many of her later big band albums were released only in Japan.
On Monday, 29 December 2003, her band played its final concert at Birdland in New York City, where it had enjoyed a regular Monday night gig for more than seven years.
Akiyoshi explained that she disbanded the ensemble because she was frustrated by her inability to obtain U.S. recording contracts for the big band.
She also said that she wanted to concentrate on her piano playing from which she had been distracted by years of composing and arranging.
In 1999, Akiyoshi was approached by Kyudo Nakagawa, a Buddhist priest, who asked her to write a piece for his hometown of Hiroshima.
Finally she found a picture of a young woman emerging from an underground shelter with a faint smile on her face.
Radio 1RPH 1125 kHz Canberra (89.5FM Wagga, 99.5FM Junee) is a volunteer-staffed AM band radio broadcast station in the Australian Capital Territory serving all of the ACT and surrounding areas of NSW including Queanbeyan, Yass and Michelago, with FM repeaters at Wagga and Junee, and a streaming media on its web site.
Its catch-phrases are, Your information station and Turning print into sound, and it is intended to serve all those who are, for any reason, handicapped from reading printed material.
1RPH used to have a frequency just outside the AM band on 1620 kHz, and so suffered little interference, and was heard as far away as the United States.
In February 2016, the station management announced that it had been advised that $38,000 would not be available from the ACT Government's Disability ACT as of July 2016, when these funds would become part of the general National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) funds administered by the Commonwealth Government.
Disability Minister Chris Bourke declined to promise funding from ACT resources, but said he would make enquiries of the Federal Minister for Disability.
Leading the effort to publicise this funding shortfall were: President, Lorraine Litster; Vice President, and People With Disabilities ACT president, Robert Altamore; and volunteer broadcaster and ACT Legislative Assembly member, Vicki Dunne MLA.
Litster pointed out that, of the $22 billion/year scheme, only $132 million has been set aside for services including the Radio Print Handicapped Network.
It is a bird of wooded hills, building a stick nest about 3 feet (almost 1 metre) in diameter in the fork of a large tree.
It was noted in a 2010 study that you could possibly distinguish a male and female adult due to the fact that the female tends to be more heavily marked below than a male.
They can easily be confused with the Ayres's hawk-eagle however in flight, the Ayres lacks the white windows on the primaries and tends to be smaller with a nuchal crest.
It occurs in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DRCongo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
A 2006 study found that the African hawk eagle, among other raptor species have been declining at high rates outside of protected areas and only seem to be stabilizing through the efforts of national parks.
They tend to hunt either from a perch or from the air and can see prey up to 1 km away.
Their prey of choice tends to be birds and they often flush gamebirds such as spurfowl and guineafowl out of dense vegetation.
It has been found that a pair of eagles can hunt cooperatively with one bird flushing and the other waiting nearby to strike.
This species is monogamous and typically places its nest (in the form of a large platform) below the canopy of tall trees and the nest is built by both the male and female.
In many cases, the male will dive towards the female and the female, in turn, turns to the male and displays her claws.
In a study conducted in Zimbabwe in 1988, 116 African hawk-eagle pairs were assessed in terms of breeding success in two areas of varying substrate quality.
It was found that nests were placed in flat-crowned thorn trees in areas with basaltic soils and round-crowned, rough-barked trees in areas with sandy soil.
Rainfall affected breeding success, laying dates and the sizes of clutches with higher success, later laying dates and larger clutch sizes correlating with higher rainfall.
More breeding attempts were made in open woodland areas than in closed however the number of resulting chicks did not differ between vegetation structure.
A 2008 study found that the first-born chick in a nest will crush, acquire more food than, and inevitably kill the second, smaller chick.
This is a common occurrence in many bird species which allows for a chick to thrive and in the unlikely event that the first chick dies, there will be the second chick to propagate the species.
According to a 1959 study, the instinct for two chicks to fight subsides after a few weeks thus if the second chick manages to survive for that long, the chances that it will fledge will be increased.
When the chicks are newly hatched, they are altricial and are unable to preen, hunt, move in a coordinated fashion and fly.
Only at the age of 24 days can the chicks defend the nest however cannot tear meat off of the food that a parent provides.
At 50 days of age, the chicks show signs of fledging through being able to feed themselves and through flapping their wings.
Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dynasties in the region, the approximate century of Buyid rule represents the period in Iranian history sometimes called the 'Iranian Intermezzo' since, after the Muslim conquest of Persia, it was an interlude between the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuk Empire.
His younger brother Hasan ibn Buya conquered parts of Jibal in the late 930s, and by 943 managed to capture Ray, which he made his capital.
At its greatest extent, the Buyid dynasty encompassed territory of most of today's Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Syria, along with parts of Oman, the UAE, Turkey, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
During the 10th and 11th centuries, just prior to the invasion of the Seljuq Turks, the Buyids were the most influential dynasty in the Middle East.
The founder of the dynasty, 'Ali ibn Buya, was originally a soldier in the service of the Daylamite warlord Makan ibn Kaki, but later changed his adherence to the Iranian ruler Mardavij, who had established the Ziyarid dynasty, and was himself related to the ruling dynasty of Gilan, a region bordering Dailam.
In 932, 'Ali was given Karaj as his fief, and thus was able to enlist other Daylamites into his own army.
The Buyids brother, with 400 of their Daylamite supporters, then fled to Fars, where they managed to take control of Arrajan.
However, the Buyids and the Abbasid general Yaqut shortly came into a struggle for the control of Fars, which the Buyids eventually emerged victorious in.
'Ali also made an alliance with the landowners of Fars, which included the Fasanjas family, which would later produce many prominent statesmen for the Buyids.
'Ali then sent his brother Ahmad on an expedition to Kirman, but was forced to withdraw from them after opposition from the Baloch people and the Qafs.
However, Mardavij, who sought to depose the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad and recreate a Zoroastrian Iranian Empire, shortly wrested Khuzestan from the Abbasids and forced 'Ali to recognize him as his suzerain.
Luckily for the Buyids, Mardavij was shortly assassinated in 935, which caused chaos in the Ziyarid territories, a perfect situation for the Buyid brothers; Ali and Ahmad conquered Khuzistan, while Hasan captured the Ziyarid capital of Isfahan, and in 943 captured Rey, which became his capital, thus conquering all of Jibal.
In addition to the other territories the Buyids had conquered, Kirman was conquered in 967, Oman (967), the Jazira (979), Tabaristan (980), and Gorgan (981).
The death of Adud al-Dawla is considered the starting point of the decline of the Buyid dynasty; his son Abu Kalijar Marzuban, who was in Baghdad at the time of his death, first kept his death secret in order to ensure his succession and avoid civil war.
Meanwhile, a Marwanid chieftain named Badh, seized Diyabakr and forced Samsam al-Dawla to recognize him as the vassal ruler of the region.
Furthermore, Mu'ayyad al-Dawla also died during this period, and he was succeeded by Fakhr al-Dawla, who with the aid of Mu'ayyad al-Dawla's vizier Sahib ibn 'Abbad became the ruler of Mu'ayyad al-Dawla's possessions.
During the same period, Samsam al-Dawla also managed to seize Basra and Khuzistan, forcing his two brothers to flee to Fakhr al-Dawla's territory.
In 1029, Majd al-Dawla, who was facing an uprising by his Dailami troops in Ray, requested assistance from Mahmud of Ghazna.
When Sultan Mahmud arrived, he deposed Majd al-Dawla, replaced him with a Ghaznavid governor and ended the Buyid dynasty in Ray.
This confederation formed three principalities - one in Fars, with Shiraz as its capital - the second one in Jibal, with Ray as its capital - and the last one in Iraq, with Baghdad as its capital.
During the beginning of the Buyid dynasty, their army consisted mainly of their fellow Daylamites, a warlike and brave people of mostly peasant origin, who served as foot soldiers.
The Daylamites had a long history of military activity dating back to the Sasanian period, and had been mercenaries in various places in Iran and Iraq, and even as far as Egypt.
But when the Buyid territories increased, they began recruiting Turks into their cavalry, who had played a prominent role in the Abbasid military.
As the reason of this turning from Zaydism to Twelverism, Moojen Momen suggests that since the Buyids were not descendants of Ali, the first Shi'i Imam, Zaydism would have urged them to install an Imam from Ali's family.
The Buyids rarely attempted to enforce a particular religious view upon their subjects except when in matters where it would be politically expedient.
In addition, in order to prevent tensions between the Shia and the Sunnis from spreading to government agencies, the Buyid amirs occasionally appointed Christians to high offices instead of Muslims from either sect.
Sometimes a ruler would come to rule more than one region, but no Buyid rulers ever exercised direct control of all three regions.
It was not uncommon for younger sons to found collateral lines, or for individual Buyid members to take control of a province and begin ruling there.
Green Acres is an American sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a country farm.
The nearby feed store is operated by the absent-minded Mr. Kimball, and the Granbys hire an older hand named Eb (voiced by Parley Baer, who would guest-star in several episodes of the television series) who often comments on incompetent management.
The debut episode is a mockumentary about their decision to move to a rural area, anchored by former ABC newscaster John Charles Daly.
The writers soon developed a suite of running jokes and visual gags, and characters often broke the fourth wall to address the audience.
Much of the humor derives from Oliver's striving toward success and happiness in an absurd situation, despite the rural citizenry, his high-maintenance wife Lisa, and his affluent mother (Eleanor Audley), who regularly ridicules him for his agricultural pipe-dreams.
Lisa and Oliver are both veterans of World War II, respectively a member of the Hungarian underground and a United States Army Air Forces flier.
While Oliver instigated the move from Manhattan to Hooterville over Lisa's objections, he is typically uncomprehending of and impatient with the locals.
Lisa, a natural airhead, more naturally fits into the illogic of their neighbors while quickly assimilating to their quirky, offbeat surroundings.
Mr. Haney (Pat Buttram) is the oily, dishonest local salesman who originally sold Oliver the Green Acres Farm (previously the Old Haney Place).
In the early episodes Haney repeatedly profits from Oliver by removing all the farm's basic fittings and equipment (the kitchen sink, bath, stove, cow, tractor, plow, etc.
In succeeding episodes Haney invariably arrives on cue every time Oliver needs an item or service, typically accompanied by a custom-made sign for each occasion.
He is an avid TV watcher and a Western fan, attends the local grade school (carrying his book pack in his mouth), and signs his own name on paper.
In the episode that introduces them, Alf confesses that Ralph is actually his sister, and explains they would not get jobs if people knew that she is a woman.
The Monroes rarely finish projects, and those that they do complete are disasters, such as the Douglases' bedroom closet's sliding door that is always falling down, their unsuccessful attempts to secure the doorknob to the front door, etc.
In one episode, after accidentally sawing Sam Drucker's telephone line at the general store, they splice it back together, although backwards, causing Drucker to listen at the mouthpiece and talk into the receiver.
Drucker also serves as a newspaper editor and printer, volunteer fireman with the Hooterville Volunteer Fire Department, notary, constable, justice of the peace, and postmaster.
A gentle parody of regional government bureaucrats and civil service employees, Alvy Moore plays spacey county agricultural agent Hank Kimball, who draws folks into inane conversations, loses his train of thought, then exits the scene.
The series was reportedly one of the first pre-recorded sitcoms to use cue cards extensively during filming, and Moore later recounted that he found them invaluable when performing Kimball's convoluted rambling, rapid-fire dialogue.
Despite the respectable ratings and winning its timeslot, the network cancelled the show in the spring of 1971 after 170 episodes.
The Hootervillians implore the couple to return and save the town from a scheme to destroy it, cooked up between Mr. Haney and a wealthy, underhanded developer (Henry Gibson).
Until his death in March 2015, Bare was working on a film version of the TV series, and he was teaming up with Phillip Goldfine and his Hollywood Media Bridge to produce it.
In astronomy and astrophysics, a mass concentration (or mascon) is a region of a planet or moon's crust that contains a large positive gravitational anomaly.
However, this term is most often used to describe a geologic structure that has a positive gravitational anomaly associated with a feature (e.g.
Its largest mascons can cause a plumb bob to hang about a third of a degree off vertical, pointing toward the mascon, and increase the force of gravity by one-half percent.
Typical examples of mascon basins on the Moon are the Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium and Orientale impact basins, all of which exhibit significant topographic depressions and positive gravitational anomalies.
Thus, the positive gravitational anomalies associated with these impact basins indicate that some form of positive density anomaly must exist within the crust or upper mantle that is currently supported by the lithosphere.
One possibility is that these anomalies are due to dense mare basaltic lavas, which might reach up to 6 kilometers in thickness for the Moon.
While these lavas certainly contribute to the observed gravitational anomalies, uplift of the crust-mantle interface is also required to account for their magnitude.
Lunar subsatellites were released on two of the last three Apollo manned lunar landing missions in 1971 and 1972; the subsatellite PFS-2 released from Apollo 16 was expected to stay in orbit for one and a half years, but lasted only 35 days before crashing into the lunar surface.
Since their identification in 1968, the origin of the mascons beneath the surface of the Moon has been subject to much debate, but is now regarded as being the result of the impact of asteroids during the Late Heavy Bombardment.
Lunar mascons alter the local gravity above and around them sufficiently that low and uncorrected satellite orbits around the Moon are unstable on a timescale of months or years.
The Luna-10 orbiter was the first artificial object to orbit the Moon and it returned tracking data indicating that the lunar gravitational field caused larger than expected perturbations presumably due to 'roughness' of the lunar gravitational field.
The Lunar mascons were discovered by Paul M. Muller and William L. Sjogren of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in 1968 from a new analytic method applied to the highly precise navigation data from the unmanned pre-Apollo Lunar Orbiter spacecraft.
This fact places key limits on models attempting to follow the history of the Moon's geological development and explain the current lunar internal structures.
This meant that the predicted landing areas were 100 times as large as those being carefully defined for reasons of safety.
In May 2013 a NASA study was published with results from the twin GRAIL probes, that mapped mass concentrations on Earth's Moon.
The system is used statewide on all of the toll roads, toll bridges, and high-occupancy toll lanes along the California Freeway and Expressway System.
As with other ETC systems, FasTrak is designed to eliminate the need for cars to stop to pay at toll booths, thus decreasing the traffic congestion traditionally associated with toll roads.
Concerned that they would each introduce different, incompatible ETC systems, the California State Legislature passed Senate Bill 1523 in 1990, requiring the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to develop a statewide specification that all these toll agencies were required to meet.
Three years later, Transportation Corridor Agencies opened the Foothill Toll Road in Orange County, implementing the statewide ETC system for the first time, and naming it FasTrak.
Under California law, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) was given the mandate to develop and maintain an open, statewide ETC specification.
FasTrak uses RFID technology near 915 MHz to read data from a transponder placed in a vehicle (usually mounted by Velcro strips to the windshield) moving at speeds that may exceed 70 mph (112 km/h).
The RFID transponder in each vehicle is associated with a prepaid debit account; each time the vehicle passes underneath a toll collection site, the account is debited to pay the toll.
Currently, FasTrak transponders are not compatible with E-ZPass and other ETC systems used in other states because they use a different specification than Title 21.
If a vehicle does not have a transponder, or if a transponder is not detected at the toll plaza, a violation enforcement system triggers cameras that capture photos of the vehicle and its license plate for processing.
If the license plate is registered as belonging to a FasTrak user, the account is debited only the toll charge, and no penalty is charged.
In the case of drivers whose vehicles are company owned or leased, as long as the vehicle license plates are properly listed, the violations will be sent to the registered owner and not the employee driver.
It is for this reason that the License Agreement mandates that customers list all vehicles, including motorcycles, motor homes, and trailers of all types on their accounts so that when transponders fail to read the toll can be debited based upon the vehicle's license plate.
A toll collected based on a license plate is called an Image Toll and can be identified on the customer statement by noticing the license plate number listed instead of the transponder number.
If one fails to correctly list license plates on their account, the FasTrak customer will receive toll violation notices as if they were another driver.
If a FasTrak customer receives a toll violation notice under these circumstances, they only refer to the reverse side of the Toll Violation notice and complete the section at the bottom of the notice that will add the new vehicle to their account.
Conversely, a license plate should be removed from an account after a change in ownership, otherwise resulting in paying for another driver's tolls via the Image Toll process.
Although anybody with a FasTrak transponder can use it to pay tolls on any California toll facility using the system, people are encouraged to open their accounts with the local agency in charge of the one that they use the most.
Each center establishes its own fee and discount structures, and people may be charged a fee if the majority of their FasTrak use occurs elsewhere.
As the first ETC system in North America was installed on the Dallas North Tollway in 1989, many California toll facilities started to express interest in the technology.
Because the state's toll roads and bridges are run by different government agencies, there was the possibility that a number of different incompatible ETC systems would be instituted throughout California.
As a result, California was the first in the nation to require all of its toll bridges and roads to use the same ETC system.
When the Foothill Toll Road in Orange County opened in 1993, it became the first California toll facility to use an ETC system.
When TCA first introduced the FasTrak system, the electronic transponders consisted of a gadget about the size of a Walkman in which a smart card was inserted.
However, the smart cards were unpopular with both tollway officials and users because they cost more, offered little advantage, and customers were charged with a $10 annual fee (which has since been discontinued).
By the time the 91 Express Lanes opened in 1995, the FasTrak transponders were redesigned to be the size of a coaster that could be mounted by Velcro strips to the windshield.
TCA later deployed the FasTrak system to the two other toll roads they administer as soon as they opened: the San Joaquin Hills Toll Road in 1996 and the Eastern Toll Road in 1998.
After a test run on the Carquinez Bridge in 1996, it had accuracy problems in dealing with the 18 different toll classifications for different kinds of trucks.
After the changes were made and another test run, the Carquinez Bridge became the first California toll bridge to use FasTrak in 1997.
However, bureaucratic inaction, technical difficulties, and financial mismanagement delayed the deployment of the system to the other six state-run toll bridges in the San Francisco Bay Area until October 2000.
Meanwhile, the Golden Gate Bridge, run by the independent Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, installed their system a few months earlier in July of that year.
The FasTrak system was also briefly used on the state-owned San Diego-Coronado Bridge until tolls were discontinued on that structure in 2002.
The Bay Area FasTrak Customer Center then opened in 2005, merging the service center for the state's Bay Area bridges with the one that was being operated separately by the Golden Gate Bridge District.
Since then, several other new toll facilities around California have either opened, are under construction, or are in the planning stages.
Currently only FasTrak accounts opened from either the Bay Area FasTrak Customer Center or from Transportation Corridor Agencies can be used at the airport.
When the Metro ExpressLanes opened in Los Angeles in late 2012, it introduced FasTrak transponders with a special switch that indicates the number of occupants (1, 2, or 3 or more) in the vehicle.
This enables the open road tolling system to automatically compute the carpool or solo driver toll, as well as allow the California Highway Patrol to visually check to see if there are more or fewer people in the car than indicated on the transponder.
For the convenience of their FasTrak customers in the Greater Los Angeles urban area who may also use the Metro ExpressLanes, TCA began offering switchable transponders in 2013, and the 91 Express Lanes followed suit by 2015.
With the switchable transponders, the violation rate on the Metro ExpressLanes fell to 10 percent from the 20 to 25 percent cheating rate in toll lanes that do not require transponders for carpoolers, prompting Alameda County officials to include the system on the then-planned I-580 Express Lanes.
The Golden Gate Bridge began requiring electronic payments for all tolls in March 2013, and all the Orange County toll roads run by TCA likewise did the same in May 2014.
For those who do not carry a FasTrak transponder, both the Golden Gate Bridge District and TCA offer toll-by-plate accounts, and accept one-time payments via online or by phone.
Under MAP-21, passed by the Federal government in 2012, all ETC facilities in the United States must reach some form of interoperability by October 1, 2016.
In response, the California State Legislature passed Assembly Bill 493 in 2013, authorizing Caltrans and the state's various toll agencies to help develop compatible systems.
California regulators later approved a phase-in of transponder technology using the ISO/IEC 18000-63 (6C) standard, released in 2004, which began in 2018 and is expected to end in 2024.
This would allow compatibility with systems used in nearby states of Washington, Colorado, and Utah; and also Kentucky, Indiana, Georgia, North Carolina, and Louisiana, plus NationalPass.
The sticker transponder is similar to the eGo Plus toll sticker introduced by TxTag in 2005, SunPass Mini toll sticker introduced by SunPass in 2008, and the sticker tag introduced by MnPASS in 2015.
In mathematics, magnitude is the size of a mathematical object, a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind.
More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs.
Geometrically, it can be described as an arrow from the origin of the space (vector tail) to that point (vector tip).
The Euclidean norm of a vector is just a special case of Euclidean distance: the distance between its tail and its tip.
A disadvantage of the second notation is that it is also used to denote the absolute value of scalars and the determinants of matrices and therefore can be ambiguous.
Examples include the loudness of a sound (measured in decibels), the brightness of a star, and the Richter scale of earthquake intensity.
Orders of magnitude denote differences in numeric quantities, usually measurements, by a factor of 10—that is, a difference of one digit in the location of the decimal point.
This was the last Cradle of Filth full-length album to feature guitarist and songwriter Stuart Anstis, keyboardist Lecter and drummer Nicholas Barker.
After walking out of the room after Dani played it to her, she claimed to have bumped into drummer Nicholas Barker, who also expressed his dissatisfaction.
The lizard buzzard is a smallish stocky raptor with a total body length of 35–37 cm and a wingspan of about 79 cm.
The juvenile lizard buzzard resembles the adult, the only variations are slight brown tinge to the wings with an orange yellow cere and legs.
There is very limited soaring flight, which only occurs during courtship displays or on rare non-breeding occasions in the late morning.
Lizzard buzzards hunt from perches, 6–10 m in height, and catch prey by swooping or gliding onto prey in the grass.
They have shorter pointed wings (ratio of wing length to body height 0.76) resulting in a more rapid flight in forests which suggests an adaptation to prey capture in dense vegetation.
Both sexes are involved in nest building which is small and compact, composed of sticks and found in the sub canopy of trees both indigenous and alien, often near the main trunk of the tree.
Although they prefer to build nests in the subcanopy, when they occupy an existing nest this can occur in the canopy above.
The reasons for raptor decline in Africa are rapid human population growth driving overexploitation of the land causing biodiversity loss and a decreased species richness.
The raptor population declines in West Africa have been linked to loss of woodland and nest sites, increased pesticide use, intensive cultivation especially cotton and disturbance of nests.
In Southern Africa raptor decline has been linked to use of poisons, powerline electrocutions, habitat destruction and raptor drowning in farm reservoirs.
Similarly in the Western Cape of South Africa, the steppe buzzard, lesser kestrel and yellow-billed kite have increased range and number.
Its preferred prey insects, lizards and rodents remain common in most human altered landscapes which could account for its current survival.
Tunnels of less than a metre or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs.
However, this was only the invention of the shield concept and did not involve the construction of a complete tunnel boring machine, the digging still having to be accomplished by the then standard excavation methods.
Commissioned by the King of Sardinia in 1845 to dig the Fréjus Rail Tunnel between France and Italy through the Alps, Maus had it built in 1846 in an arms factory near Turin.
It consisted of more than 100 percussion drills mounted in the front of a locomotive-sized machine, mechanically power-driven from the entrance of the tunnel.
The Revolutions of 1848 affected the funding, and the tunnel was not completed until 10 years later, by using less innovative and less expensive methods such as pneumatic drills.
In the United States, the first boring machine to have been built was used in 1853 during the construction of the Hoosac Tunnel in northwest Massachusetts.
Wilson's machine anticipated modern TBMs in the sense that it employed cutting discs, like those of a disc harrow, which were attached to the rotating head of the machine.
In contrast to traditional chiseling or drilling and blasting, this innovative method of removing rock relied on simple metal wheels to apply a transient high pressure that fractured the rock.
Also in 1853, the American Ebenezer Talbot also patented a TBM that employed Wilson's cutting discs, although they were mounted on rotating arms, which in turn were mounted on a rotating plate.
In the 1870s, John D. Brunton of England built a machine employing cutting discs that were mounted eccentrically on rotating plates, which in turn were mounted eccentrically on a rotating plate, so that the cutting discs would travel over almost all of the rock face that was to be removed.
The first TBM that tunneled a substantial distance was invented in 1863 and improved in 1875 by British Army officer Major Frederick Edward Blackett Beaumont (1833–1895); Beaumont's machine was further improved in 1880 by British Army officer Major Thomas English (1843–1935).
In 1875, the French National Assembly approved the construction of a tunnel under the English Channel and the British Parliament allowed a trial run to be made; Major English's TBM was chosen for the project.
The cutting head of English's TBM consisted of a conical drill bit behind which were a pair of opposing arms on which were mounted cutting discs.
A French engineer, Alexandre Lavalley, who was also a Suez Canal contractor, used a similar machine to drill 1,669 m (5,476 ft) from Sangatte on the French side.
However, despite this success, the cross-Channel tunnel project was abandoned in 1883 after the British military raised fears that the tunnel might be used as an invasion route.
Nevertheless, in 1883, this TBM was used to bore a railway ventilation tunnel — 7 feet (2.1 m) in diameter and 6,750 feet (2 km) long — between Birkenhead and Liverpool, England, through sandstone under the Mersey River.
During the late 19th and early 20th century, inventors continued to design, build, and test TBMs in response to the need for tunnels for railroads, subways, sewers, water supplies, etc.
An earth pressure balance TBM known as Bertha with a bore diameter of was produced by Hitachi Zosen Corporation in 2013.
The machine began operating in July 2013, but stalled in December 2013 and required substantial repairs that halted the machine until January 2016.
The same company built world's largest-diameter slurry TBM, excavation diameter of , owned and operated by the French construction company Dragages Hong Kong (Bouygues' subsidiary) for the Tuen Mun Chek Lap Kok link in Hong Kong.
Modern TBMs typically consist of the rotating cutting wheel, called a cutter head, followed by a main bearing, a thrust system and trailing support mechanisms.
The type of machine used depends on the particular geology of the project, the amount of ground water present and other factors.
The excavated rock (muck) is transferred through openings in the cutter head to a belt conveyor, where it runs through the machine to a system of conveyors or muck cars for removal from the tunnel.
Not all machines can be continuously steered while gripper shoes push on the walls, as with a Wirth machine, which steers only while ungripped.
At the end of a stroke, the rear legs of the machine are lowered, the grippers and propel cylinders are retracted.
Instead, the rock is held up using ground support methods such as ring beams, rock bolts, shotcrete, steel straps, ring steel and wire mesh.
In fractured rock, shielded hard rock TBMs can be used, which erect concrete segments to support unstable tunnel walls behind the machine.
Single Shield TBMs operate in the same way, but are used only in fractured ground, as they can only push against the concrete segments.
In soft ground, there are three main types of TBMs: Earth Pressure Balance Machines (EPB), Slurry Shield (SS) and open-face type.
Both types of closed machines operate like Single Shield TBMs, using thrust cylinders to advance forward by pushing off against concrete segments.
The cutter head does not use disc cutters only, but instead a combination of tungsten carbide cutting bits, carbide disc cutters, drag picks and/or hard rock disc cutters.
Pressure is maintained in the cutterhead by controlling the rate of extraction of spoil through the Archimedes screw and the advance rate.
Additives such as bentonite, polymers and foam can be injected ahead of the face to increase the stability of the ground.
Additives can also be injected in the cutterhead/extraction screw to ensure that the spoil remains sufficiently cohesive to form a plug in the Archimedes screw to maintain pressure in the cutterhead and restrict water flowing through.
In soft ground with very high water pressure or where ground conditions are granular (sands and gravels) so much so that a plug could not be formed in the Archimedes screw, Slurry Shield TBMs are needed.
The slurry also acts as a transport medium by mixing with the excavated material before being pumped out of the cutterhead back to a slurry separation plant, usually outside of the tunnel.
Slurry separation plants are multi-stage filtration systems, which remove particles of spoil from the slurry so that it may be reused in the construction process.
For this reason, slurry TBMs are not suitable for silts and clays as the particle sizes of the spoil are less than that of the bentonite clay from which the slurry is made.
In this case, the slurry is separated into water, which can be recycled and a clay cake, which may be polluted, is pressed from the water.
Open face TBMs in soft ground rely on the fact that the face of the ground being excavated will stand up with no support for a short period of time.
This makes them suitable for use in rock types with a strength of up to 10MPa or so, and with low water inflows.
The shield is jacked forwards and cutters on the front of the shield cut the remaining ground to the same circular shape.
Ground support is provided by use of precast concrete, or occasionally SGI (Spheroidal Graphite Iron), segments that are bolted or supported until a full ring of support has been erected.
A final segment, called the key, is wedge-shaped, and expands the ring until it is tight against the circular cut of the ground left behind by cutters on the TBM shield.
While the use of TBMs relieves the need for large numbers of workers at high pressures, a caisson system is sometimes formed at the cutting head for slurry shield TBMs.
Herrenknecht AG designed a soft ground TBM for the Orlovski Tunnel, a project in Saint Petersburg, but it was never built.
Micro tunnel shield method is a digging technique used to construct small tunnels, and diminish in size of general tunnelling shield.
Behind all types of tunnel boring machines, inside the finished part of the tunnel, are trailing support decks known as the back-up system.
Support mechanisms located on the back-up can include: conveyors or other systems for muck removal, slurry pipelines if applicable, control rooms, electrical systems, dust removal, ventilation and mechanisms for transport of pre-cast segments.
The normal method of doing this in soft ground is to maintain the soil pressures during and after the tunnel construction.
There is some difficulty in doing this, particularly in varied strata (e.g., boring through a region where the upper portion of the tunnel face is wet sand and the lower portion is hard rock).
Both types (EPB and SS) are capable of reducing the risk of surface subsidence and voids if operated properly and if the ground conditions are well documented.
When tunnelling in urban environments, other tunnels, existing utility lines and deep foundations need to be addressed in the early planning stages.
It is among the top graduate journalism schools in the United States, and is designed to produce journalists with a two-year Master of Journalism (MJ) degree.
As of January 1, 2013, it is being served by dean Edward Wasserman, a former Knight professor of journalism ethics at Washington and Lee University.
The school enrolls approximately 100 students; 50 first-year and 50-second-year students, and is among the smaller graduate schools on the campus of UC Berkeley.
Recent speakers have included Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Robert McNamara, Hans Blix, George Soros, Cokie Roberts, Paul Krugman, Dan Rather, Bob Woodruff, Ira Glass and Robert Krulwich.
The UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism focuses on six media platforms of journalism: Audio journalism, documentary film, narrative writing, multimedia, photojournalism, and video journalism.
The school's focus is on professional practice rather than research, and requires students to perform an internship at a media outlet as a degree requirement between their first and second year of study.
Students are also required to take an introductory news reporting course called J200, where they publish in one of two hyperlocal news websites that are run by the school: Oakland North and Richmond Confidential.
In 2015, the estate of photographer Jim Marshall created the Jim Marshall Fellowships in Photography at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism's Center for Photography.
Before Schell, Thomas Goldstein served as dean from 1988 until he left to become the dean of Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism.
He stepped down from that position after five years, despite being credited for increasing endowments for that school from $54 million to $84 million over his short stint there.
Pulitzer Prize-winning American media critic Ben Bagdikian also served as a past dean of the UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism.
In 1981, actress Carol Burnett won a $1.6 million (later reduced to $800,000) libel award from The National Enquirer over an article that she said implied she had been intoxicated in a Washington restaurant.
She donated a portion of that to the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism saying she hoped the suit would teach aspiring journalists the dangers of defaming individuals in articles.
The UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism is housed in North Gate Hall, a designated National Historic Landmark in the National Register of Historic Places.
It is located immediately southeast of the intersection of Euclid and Hearst avenues in Berkeley, Calif., on the campus of UC Berkeley.
It serves as the northern most entrance of the primary University compound, and is opposite to Sather Gate, the southern most entrance of the University.
The building cost $4,394.59 to construct and consisted of an atelier, office for John Galen Howard and an architectural library with volumes donated by Phoebe Apperson Hearst – mother to William Randolph Hearst.
The new addition was built further up the hill (easterly) and houses what is known today as the Greenhouse and upper and lower newsrooms.
In 1936, Walter Steilberg designed a library wing composed of reinforced concrete-panel, a stark contrast to the dark shingled appearance of the original building.
In 1957, the architecture school was united with the departments of Landscape Architecture, City and regional Planning, and Decorative Arts to form the College of Environmental Design.
In 1993 the building underwent extensive seismic renovations causing uproar from Berkeley preservationists who had saved the building from destruction 17 years earlier.
The Gregorian reformation was adopted by the Kingdom of Great Britain, including its possessions in North America (later to become eastern USA), in September 1752.
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.
It has been pointed out that there has only been one successful instance of a complete language revival, that of the Hebrew language, creating a new generation of native speakers without any pre-existing native speakers as a model.
Though the goals of language revitalization vary greatly from case to case, they typically involve attempting to expand the number of speakers and use of a language, or trying to maintain the current level of use to protect the language from extinction or language death.
The UN estimates that more than half of the languages spoken today have fewer than 10,000 speakers and that a quarter have fewer than 1,000 speakers and that, unless there are some efforts to maintain them, over the next hundred years most of these will become extinct.
A community often sees language as a unique part of their culture, connecting them with their ancestors or with the land, making up an essential part of their history and self-image.
Efforts should be concentrated on the earlier stages of restoration until they have been consolidated before proceeding to the later stages.
This model of language revival is intended to direct efforts to where they are most effective and to avoid wasting energy trying to achieve the later stages of recovery when the earlier stages have not been achieved.
For instance, it is probably wasteful to campaign for the use of a language on television or in government services if hardly any families are in the habit of using the language.
Additionally, Tasaku Tsunoda describes a range of different techniques or methods that speakers can use to try to revitalize a language, including techniques to revive extinct languages and maintain weak ones.
Several other methods of revitalization, including those that rely on technology such as recordings or media, can be used for languages in any state of viability.
There are disagreements in the field of language revitalization as to the degree that revival should concentrate on maintaining the traditional language, versus allowing simplification or widespread borrowing from the majority language.
Nancy Dorian has pointed out that conservative attitudes toward loanwords and grammatical changes often hamper efforts to revitalize endangered languages (as with Tiwi in Australia), and that a division can exist between educated revitalizers, interested in historicity, and remaining speakers interested in locally authentic idiom (as has sometimes occurred with Irish).
Some have argued that structural compromise may, in fact, enhance the prospects of survival, as may have been the case with English in the post-Norman period.
Other linguists have argued that when language revitalization borrows heavily from the majority language, the result is a new language, perhaps a creole or pidgin.
Neil McRae has stated that the uses of Scottish Gaelic are becoming increasingly tokenistic, and native Gaelic idiom is being lost in favor of artificial terms created by second-language speakers.
Total revival of a dead language (in the sense of having no native speakers) into a self-sustaining community of several million first language speakers has happened only once, in the case of Hebrew, now the national language of Israel.
Hebrew, once largely a liturgical language, was reestablished as a means of everyday communication by Jews migrating to what is now the State of Israel and the Palestinian territories, starting in the nineteenth century.
In a related development, literary languages without native speakers enjoyed great prestige and practical utility as lingua francas, often counting millions of fluent speakers at a time.
In many such cases, a decline in the use of the literary language, sometimes precipitous, was later accompanied by a strong renewal.
This happened, for example, in the revival of Classical Latin in the Renaissance, and the revival of Sanskrit in the early centuries A.D. An analogous phenomenon in contemporary Arabic-speaking areas is the expanded use of the literary language (Modern Standard Arabic, a form of the Classical Arabic of the 6th century A.D.).
An example is standard Italian, which originated as a literary language derived from the language of 13th-century Florence, especially as used by such important Florentine writers as Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio.
This language existed for several centuries primarily as a literary vehicle, with few native speakers; even as late as 1861, on the eve of Italian unification, the language only counted about 500,000 speakers (many non-native), out of a total population of .
The subsequent success of the language has been through conscious development, where speakers of any of the numerous Italian languages were taught standard Italian as a second language and subsequently imparted it to their children, who learned it as a first language.
The Ainu language of the indigenous Ainu people of northern Japan is currently moribund, but efforts are underway to revive it.
As of 2001, Ainu was not taught in any elementary or secondary schools in Japan, but was offered at numerous language centres and universities in Hokkaido, as well as at Tokyo's Chiba University.
In China, the Manchu language is one of the most endangered languages, with speakers only in three small areas of Manchuria remaining.
Some enthusiasts are trying to revive the language of their ancestors using available dictionaries and textbooks, and even occasional visits to Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County in Xinjiang, where the related Xibe language is still spoken natively.
As a result of its loss as an official language and years of marginalization at the official level during and after American colonization, the use of Spanish amongst the overall populace decreased dramatically and became moribund, with the remaining native speakers left being mostly elderly people.
However, it is currently seeing a slow revival due to past government promotion under the administration of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
As of 2010, the Instituto Cervantes in Manila reported the number of Filipino Hispanophones with native or non-native knowledge at approximately 3 million (including those who speak the Spanish-based creole Chavacano).
In addition to government efforts, Spanish has also seen a small revival of interest in media, thanks to the importing of telenovelas and music from Latin America.
The European colonization of Australia, and the consequent damage sustained by Aboriginal communities, had a catastrophic effect on indigenous languages especially in the southeast and south of the country, leaving some with no living traditional native speakers.
The work is typically directed by a group of elders and other knowledgeable people, with community language workers doing most of the research and teaching.
Some communities employ linguists, and there are also linguists who have worked independently, such as Luise Hercus and Peter K. Austin.
Pertame, from the country south of Alice Springs, along the Finke River, is a dialect in the Arrernte group of languages.
With only 20 fluent speakers left by 2018, the Pertame Project is seeking to retain and revive the language, headed by Pertame elder Christobel Swan.
The Diyari language of the far north of South Australia has an active programme under way, with materials available for teaching in schools and the wider community.
It is the ancestral tongue of the indigenous Māori people of New Zealand and a vehicle for prose narrative, sung poetry, and genealogical recital.
The Education Ordinance Act of 1847 mandated school instruction in English and established boarding schools to speed up assimilation of Māori youths into European culture.
The colonial masters also promoted the use of English in Māori homes, convincing many parents that their children would not get jobs unless they spoke English.
During the 1970s, a group of young Māori people, the Ngā Tamatoa, successfully campaigned for Māori to be taught in schools.
In Europe, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the use of both local and learned languages declined as the central governments of the different states imposed their vernacular language as the standard throughout education and official use (this was the case in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy and Greece, and to some extent, in Germany and Austria-Hungary).
Campaigns have raised the profiles of local languages to such an extent that in some European regions, the local languages have acquired the status of official languages, along with the national language.
The Council of Europe's action in this area (see European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages) is in contrast to the European Union's granting of official status to a restricted number of official languages (see Languages of the European Union).
Presently, official attempts to revitalise languages under threat – such as the promotion of Welsh, Galician, Basque and Catalan in their respective native regions – have seen varying degrees of success.
The challenges faced by the language over the last few centuries have included exclusion from important domains, social denigration, the death or emigration of many Irish speakers during the Irish famine of the 1840s, and continued emigration since.
Efforts to revitalise Irish were being made, however, from the mid-1800s, and were associated with a desire for Irish political independence.
But the failure to teach it in an effective and engaging way means (as linguist Andrew Carnie notes) that students do not acquire the fluency needed for the lasting viability of the language, and this leads to boredom and resentment.
They are an important element in the creation of a network of urban Irish speakers (known as Gaeilgeoirí), who tend to be young, well-educated and middle-class.
There are also current attempts to revive the related language of Scottish Gaelic, which was suppressed following the formation of the United Kingdom, and entered further decline due to the Highland clearances.
The decline in fluent Gaelic speakers has slowed; however, the population center has shifted to L2 speakers in urban areas, especially Glasgow.
Another Celtic language, Manx, lost its last native speaker in 1974 and was declared extinct by UNESCO in 2009, but never completely fell from use.
The language is now taught in primary and secondary schools, including as a teaching medium at the Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, used in some public events and spoken as a second language by approximately 1800 people.
The Manx government has also been involved in the effort by creating organizations such as the Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) and the position of Manx Language Officer.
There have been a number of attempts to revive the Cornish language, both privately and some under the Cornish Language Partnership.
Some of the activities have included translation of the Christian scriptures, a guild of bards, and the promotion of Cornish literature in modern Cornish, including novels and poetry.
As time passed, Romani ceased to be a full language and became Caló, a cant mixing Iberian Romance grammar and Romani vocabulary.
In addition, there are apps (including phrases, word lists and dictionaries) in many Native languages ranging from Cree, Cherokee and Chickasaw, to Lakota, Ojibway and Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo and Gwych'in.
Wampanoag, a language spoken by the people of the same name in Massachusetts, underwent a language revival project led by Jessie Little Doe Baird, a trained linguist.
Members of the tribe use the extensive written records that exist in their language, including a translation of the Bible and legal documents, in order to learn and teach Wampanoag.
From 2013 to 2014, the language activist, author, and teacher, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson from the Syilx Nation, attempted to teach two hopeful learners of Tlingit in the Yukon.
The aim was to assist in the creation of adult speakers that are of parent-age, so that they too can begin teaching the language.
Kichwa is the variety of the Quechua language spoken in Ecuador and is one of the most widely spoken indigenous languages in South America.
However, once this contact was made, language for the Lagunas people shifted through generations, to Kichwa and Spanish bilingualism and now is essentially Spanish monolingualism.
The feelings of the Lagunas people present a dichotomy with language use, as most of the Lagunas members speak Spanish exclusively and only know a few words in Kichwa.
The prospects for Kichwa language revitalization are not promising, as parents depend on schooling for this purpose, which is not nearly as effective as continual language exposure in the home.
Schooling in the Lagunas community, although having a conscious focus on teaching Kichwa, consists of mainly passive interaction, reading, and writing in Kichwa.
In addition to grassroots efforts, national language revitalization organizations, like CONAIE, focus attention on non-Spanish speaking indigenous children, who represent a large minority in the country.
Another national initiative, Bilingual Intercultural Education Project (PEBI), was ineffective in language revitalization because instruction was given in Kichwa and Spanish was taught as a second language to children who were almost exclusively Spanish monolinguals.
Specific suggestions include imparting an elevated perception of the language in schools, focusing on grassroots efforts both in school and the home, and maintaining national and regional attention.
In Mexico, the Mixtec people's language heavily revolves around the interaction between climate, nature, and what it means for their livelihood.
UNESCO's LINKS (Local and Indigenous Knowledge) program recently underwent a project to create a glossary of Mixtec terms and phrases related to climate.
UNESCO believes that the traditional knowledge of the Mixtec people via their deep connection with weather phenomena can provide insight on ways to address climate change.
Program leaders travel across Canada with mobile audiovisual production units, and aims to provide indigenous youth with a way to connect with their culture through a film topic of their choosing.
The Wapikona project submits its films to events around the world as an attempt to spread knowledge of indigenous culture and language.
The rest of the community has adopted Spanish in order to communicate with the outside world and support its tourism industry.
Through a collaboration between UNESCO and the Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, the Department of Rapa Nui Language and Culture at the Lorenzo Baeza Vega School was created.
In 2017, the Nid Rapa Nui, a non-governmental organization was also created with the goal of establishing a school that teaches courses entirely in Rapa Nui.
John McWhorter has argued that programs to revive indigenous languages will almost never be very effective because of the practical difficulties involved.
Indigenous expression is still possible even when the original language has disappeared, as with Native American groups and as evidenced by the vitality of black American culture in the United States, among people who speak not Yoruba but English.
Oftentimes, there is prejudice and deliberate persecution of minority languages, in order to appropriate the cultural and economic capital of minority groups.
At other times governments deem that the cost of revitalization programs and creating linguistically diverse materials is too great to take on.
William Perry Clements Jr. (April 13, 1917 – May 29, 2011) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician who served two non-consecutive terms as Governor of Texas between 1979 and 1991.
His terms bookended the sole term served by Mark Wells White, a Democrat who defeated Clements in the 1982 election only to lose his campaign for re-election in 1986.
When Clements was first sworn in in 1979, he became the first Republican to have served as governor of Texas since Reconstruction.
When Clements left office for good at the end of his second term in 1991, his eight total years in office were the most served by any Texas governor until Rick Perry surpassed his total in 2009.
Clements was the first governor to be elected to multiple terms since Texas changed its constitution in 1972 to extend their governor's term of office to four years; since then, Perry and his predecessor, George W. Bush and successor, Greg Abbott, also Republicans, have also won multiple terms.
Before he became Governor of Texas, Clements made his fortune in crude oil and served as United States Deputy Secretary of Defense for President Richard Nixon.
After his first gubernatorial term ended, Clements joined the administrative staff at Southern Methodist University where he served as Chairman of the Board of Governors; while there, he presided over a massive pay-to-play system in the school's football program that resulted in catastrophic consequences for the team and the end of his political career.
He founded SEDCO in 1947, the world's largest offshore drilling company and technical leader of the offshore drilling industry, developing dynamically positioned drilling rigs, top drives, and many other offshore drilling innovations.
In 1984, SEDCO was sold to Schlumberger, and its assets combined with their drilling contractor subsidiary, Forex, under Schlumberger management, to form Sedco–Forex.
He entered politics as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and, in 1973, served as acting Secretary of Defense for 39 days, which is the shortest term for any Secretary of Defense.
To win the position, he first defeated State Representative Ray Hutchison in the Republican primary by a lopsided vote of 115,345 to 38,268.
O'Donnell became a key adviser to Clements, who won the general election held on November 8, 1978, by having narrowly defeated Democratic former Texas Supreme Court Chief Justice John Luke Hill, who had also served six years as state attorney general.
The more liberal Hill, who had also once been the appointed Secretary of State of Texas, had defeated Briscoe in the primary.
In winning, Clements achieved victory with 350,158 fewer votes than the 1972 GOP nominee, Henry Grover, who went down to defeat because turnout was much lower in the 1978 off-year election than it had been during the presidential election year.
The 1972 Texas governor's race was the last to coincide with a presidential election because when the terms went to four years, the gubernatorial elections were also set to coincide with the off years between presidential elections.
In 1981, Clements jump-started the long judicial careers of three San Antonio Republican lawyers, David Peeples, Tom Rickhoff and David Berchelmann with their appointments to state district courts numbered 285, 289, and 290, respectively.
In 1989, Clements in his second term appointed Berchelmann as the first Republican to serve on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals; he was defeated in 1990 but staged a comeback in 1992 on the 37th Judicial District Court, on which he served until January 2013.
Clements ran for reelection in 1982, but was defeated by Democratic Attorney General Mark Wells White by more than 327,000 votes because of sagging economic indicators and weak support from minority voters, who historically support Democratic candidates.
Clements was also damaged politically by the Ixtoc I oil spill disaster; the rig that failed was owned by SEDCO, but leased to Permargo (a Mexican drilling firm), which had an exploration contract with Pemex, despite his shares in SEDCO being held in blind trust at the time; his opponent, White, as attorney general, led the state's lawsuit against SEDCO.
In addition, the Republican down-ballot candidates were all defeated in 1982, including George Strake Jr., a Houston businessman who had been Clements's former secretary of state.
After the 1982 campaign, Strake was named to replace Chet Upham of Mineral Wells as the Republican state chairman, a position that he filled from 1983 to 1988.
Ernest Angelo, a former mayor of Midland who was a Texas co-chair of Ronald Reagan's attempt in 1976 to wrest the Republican presidential nomination from Gerald R. Ford, said that Clements's defeat in 1982 was his own greatest disappointment in politics even though Angelo himself lost a bid for the District 25 seat in the Texas State Senate in that same election.
In between his two terms as governor, Clements was chairman of the board of governors of Southern Methodist University in Dallas.
He ran again in 1986 and won a contested GOP primary against U.S. Representative Thomas Loeffler of New Braunfels, the seat of Comal County, and former Democratic turned Republican Congressman Kent Hance of Lubbock.
His first term was marked by SEDCO's involvement in the largest oil blowout in history, the Ixtoc I oil spill, which caused extensive environmental damage.
Clements was also governor at the time of the execution of Carlos DeLuna, who was put to death in 1989; evidence questioning the findings of facts that underlay DeLuna's conviction was published in 2012.
During his second term, Clements worked to reduce crime, improve education, boost the Texas economy, and to foster better relations with Mexico, especially on issues important to the mutual borders, such as immigration and the War on Drugs.
However, he did not push as pledged for the initiative and referendum reforms advocated by State Senator Walter Mengden of Houston, based on the principle of California's Proposition 13.
On March 3, 1987, Clements admitted that he and the other members of the SMU board of governors had approved a secret plan to continue payments to 13 football players from a slush fund provided by a booster.
The shutdown and other sanctions left the once-proud Mustang football program in ruin; SMU has had only two winning seasons since returning to the field, and would not procure another bowl bid until 2009, and it would also be another ten years before they would be ranked in the top 25 in the Amway Coaches Poll by the USA Today.
A few months later, the College of Bishops of the United Methodist Church released a report detailing an investigation of its own into the scandal.
According to the report, in late 1985 then SMU President L. Donald Shields and board of trustees chairman Edwin L. Cox wanted to stop the payments completely, in opposition to Clements and Hitch.
Nothing was formally decided at the meeting, but afterwards, Clements and Hitch talked for about fifteen minutes in the Perkins Hall parking lot.
He said that he had learned about the slush fund in 1984, and an investigation by the board of governors revealed that players had been paid to play since the mid-1970s.
Clements faced calls for his impeachment as a result of these statements; two state legislators argued that he would have never been elected had he honestly addressed his role in the scandal.
Under the circumstances, he opted not to run for a third term as governor and was succeeded on January 15, 1991 by Democratic State Treasurer Ann Richards.
After leaving the governorship, Clements resided in Dallas with his second wife, the former Rita Crocker Bass (October 30, 1931 – January 6, 2018), who was first lady of Texas during both of his terms.
In 1993, he supported the conservative U.S. Representative Joe Barton in the special election for the U.S. Senate to succeed newly resigned Democrat Lloyd Bentsen.
Clements also supported the embattled Texas Supreme Court Justice Steven Wayne Smith, who was beaten through the opposition of Governor Rick Perry in the 2004 Republican primary.
Whereas Governor Perry first endorsed former Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani of New York City for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination, Bill Clements was as early as 2006 already raising funds for the eventual nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona.
On April 13, 2012, Daniel K. Podolsky, M.D., President of UT Southwestern Medical Center announced the UT System Board of Regents approved the naming of the new UT Southwestern University Hospital in honor of Clements.
On February 16, 2010, Clements and his wife both endorsed Governor Rick Perry's re-election campaign in the 2010 Texas Republican gubernatorial primary against Kay Bailey Hutchison.
Clements, incidentally, won the Republican nomination that ultimately led to his first term as governor by defeating Hutchison's husband, Ray, in the 1978 GOP primary.
In October 2010, Clements's son, B. Gill Clements (born 1941), was murdered at the age of 69 near his ranch in Athens in Henderson County in east Texas.
According to the doctrine of original sin, all people have a sinful nature and thus commit sin, and are thereby spiritually dead.
The first type is a physical separation from God the Father, which was caused by the Fall of Adam and Eve.
This separation is necessary so that individuals can be tested to see whether they will continue to be obedient even when not in God's presence.
This separation is overcome unconditionally when all people return to God's physical presence for the Judgment, according to Gerald N. Lund.
The second type is a spiritual separation from God's spirit or influence, which is caused by individual sins; when we sin we alienate ourselves from the influence of the Holy Ghost, God's spiritual presence.
This separation begins its resolution through the covenant of baptism, after which a person receives the gift of the Holy Ghost.
This distinction between two kinds of spiritual death gives Mormonism a unique approach to the problem of evil, compared to the rest of Christianity.
’National Parliament’), often referred to simply as the Sangsad or JS and also known as the House of the Nation, is the supreme legislative body of Bangladesh.
The current parliament of Bangladesh contains 350 seats, including 50 seats reserved for women, which are apportioned on elected party position in the parliament.
The leader of the party (or alliance of parties) holding the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, and the head of the government.
The Constitution of Bangladesh designates the official name of the legislature Jatiya Sangsad (জাতীয় সংসদ) in Bengali and House of the Nation in English.
The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was established on 10 April 1972 after the Bangladesh Liberation War to prepare a democratic constitution and served as its first parliament as an independent nation.
The assembly approved the constitution on 4 November 1972, and it took effect on 16 December and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of Bangladesh until the first elections under the new constitution took place in 1973.
Until 10 July 1981 the Constituent Assembly, and the first and second parliaments held their sittings in the building that now houses the Prime Minister's Office and which is often referred as the old Sangsad Bhaban (old Parliament House).
The maximum strength of the Parliament envisaged by the Constitution of Bangladesh is 350, which is made up by election of up to 300 members to represent 300 parliamentary constituencies and 50 seats reserved for women, which are apportioned on elected party position in the parliament.
Members must not have served time in prison for more than two years to be eligible, unless they served this period five years prior to the elections.
Attending sessions without being a member (even if memberships are cancelled in retrospect) is fined by a BDT1,000 ($14) fine per day, per Article 69.
As most candidates are elected by the funding, support and brand name of the party, resignation from the party is considered to void the choice of the people.
This is crucial in marginal majorities, where a few majority members voting against the majority essentially changes the government party in power.
This is considered harmful for parliamentary democracy, as the ban forces members to agree with their party leaders regardless of their own opinions or the opinions of their constituents.
During the last election Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina, prominent AL figure (and later President of Bangladesh) Zillur Rahman, BNP leader Khaleda Zia and Jatiya Party leader H M Ershad all were candidates in the maximum possible number of constituencies.
Current President Abdul Hamid and previous presidents Zillur Rahman, Iajuddin Ahmed, A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury and Shahabuddin Ahmed were all elected unopposed.
The Parliament can form parliamentary standing committees as it sees fit, for the purposes of examining bills, reviewing enforcement of the law and any other matter of public importance.
Parliament is generally regarded as a rubber stamp body as MPs cannot cross the floor, have free votes, or pass motions of no confidence due to Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh.
Political scientists, judges in the Supreme Court, public intellectuals, newspapers and journalists, civil rights activists and members of parliament have demanded reform of the article.
Critics argue Article 70 tramples freedom of speech and freedom of conscience in parliament, in violation of the constitution's fundamental rights.
Additionally, it significantly limits the checks and balances on the Prime Minister's power, as there are few means by which s/he can be legally dismissed.
Article 78 of the Constitution provides immunity for the speeches, actions and votes of the Members done within parliamentary sessions, and members are not answerable for any such actions to the court.
The parliament itself is vested with the power to provide indemnity to anybody in service of the nation under Article 46.
This allowed the 2nd parliament in 1979 to ratify the Indemnity Ordinance that provided indemnity to the murderers of Sheikh Mujib.
The parliamentary groups of the Jatiya Sangsad are groups of Members of Parliament organised by a political party or coalition of parties.
The size of a group determines the extent of its representation on legislative committees, the time slots allotted for speaking, the number of committee chairs it can hold, and its representation in executive bodies of the parliament.
Every major political party appoints a whip who is responsible for the party's discipline and behaviour on the floor of the house.
The Parliament Secretariat, headed by a Senior Secretary, is in charge of all its administrative duties, including its clerical, broadcasting and information activities.
Most of the legislative work in the Parliament is done in the standing committees, which exist largely unchanged throughout one legislative period.
The number of Committees on Ministry approximates the number of Ministries of Bangladesh, and the titles of each are roughly similar (e.g., defence, agriculture, and labour).
The distribution of committee chairs and the membership of each committee reflect the relative strength of the various Parliamentary groups in the house.
Designed by the American architect, Louis Kahn, the building is one of the largest legislative complexes in the world, comprising 200 acres (800,000 m²).
Louis Kahn designed the entire Jatiya Sangsad complex, which includes lawns, lake and residences for the Members of the Parliament (MPs).
The main building, which is at the center of the complex, is divided into three parts – the Main Plaza, South Plaza and Presidential Plaza.
The Sangsad Library or Parliament Library claims to be the most comprehensive library in Bangladesh, holding over 85,000 books and many more reports, parliamentary debates, government gazettes, journals, magazines and newspapers.
The Library was established in 1972, after the immediate formation of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh to support the lawmakers and their staff.
The Library is administered by the Parliamentary Librarian, a statutory officer responsible for the control and management of the facility, reporting to the Deputy Speaker and the Library Committee.
Although the Library is open to the public, only current and former members of Parliament, secretariat staff, and authorised researchers may check out books and materials.
Prior to the establishment of the Sangsad TV, the Sangsad's programming was produced by the Ministry of Information and relayed in its Bangladesh Television.
With a total enrollment of about 40,400, it has the largest student body of the 23-campus California State University (CSU) system, and its approximately 5,800 graduate student body is also the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of California.
CSUF is a Hispanic-serving institution and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution (AANAPISI).
The university is nationally accredited in art, athletic training, business, chemistry, communications, communicative disorders, computer science, dance, engineering, music, nursing, public administration, public health, social work, teacher education and theater.
Spending related to CSUF generates an impact of around $2.26 billion to the California and local economy, and sustains nearly 16,000 jobs statewide.
In 1957, Orange County State College became the 12th state college in California to be authorized by the state legislature as a degree-granting institution.
On July 12, 1976, Edward Charles Allaway, a campus janitor with paranoid schizophrenia, shot nine people, killing seven, in the University Library (now the Pollak Library) on the Cal State Fullerton campus.
On October 13, 1984, Edward Cooperman, a physics professor, was shot and killed by his former student, Minh Van Lam, in McCarthy Hall.
On August 19, 2019, Steven Shek Keung Chan, 57, of Hacienda Heights was found with multiple stab wounds early Monday by police.
The Performing Arts Center was built in January 2006, and in the summer of 2008 the newly constructed Steven G. Mihaylo Hall and the new Student Recreation Center opened.
Clayes III Performing Arts Center, in honor of a $5 million pledge made to the university by the trustees of the Joseph A.W.
Since 1963, the curriculum has expanded to include many graduate programs, including multiple doctorate degrees, as well as numerous credential and certificate programs.
It is bordered on the east by the Orange Freeway (SR-57), on the west by State College Boulevard, on the north by Yorba Linda Boulevard, and on the south by Nutwood Avenue.
Although established in the late 1950s, much of the initial construction on campus took place in the late 1960s, under the supervision of artist and architect Howard van Heuklyn, who gave the campus a striking, futuristic architecture (buildings like Pollak Library South, Titan Shops, Humanities, McCarthy Hall).
Since 1993, the campus has added the College Park Building, Steven G. Mihaylo Hall, University Hall, the Titan Student Union, the Student Recreation Center, the Nutwood Parking Structure, the State College Parking Structure, Dan Black Hall, Joseph A.W.
In order to generate power for the university and become more sustainable, the campus installed solar panels on top of a number of buildings.
The panels, which generate up to 7–8 percent of the electrical power used daily, are atop the Eastside Parking Structure, Clayes Performing Arts Center and the Kinesiology and Health Science Building.
In August 2011, the university added a $143 million housing complex, which included five new residence halls, a convenience store and a 565-seat dining hall called the Gastronome.
The university operates a satellite campus in Irvine, California, approximately south of the original Fullerton location, the Grand Central Art Center in downtown Santa Ana, and a Garden Grove Center.
CSUF announced plans in May 2010 to buy the lot that Hope International University lies at, but this deal was later cut off.
CSUF also announced plans in September 2010 to expand into the area south of Nutwood Avenue, to construct a project called CollegeTown, which would integrate the surrounding residential areas and retail spaces into the campus.
The Desert Studies Center is a field station of the California State University located in Zzyzx, California in the Mojave Desert.
Is officially operated by the California Desert Studies Consortium, a consortium of 7 CSU campuses: Fullerton, Cal Poly Pomona, Long Beach, San Bernardino, Northridge, Dominguez Hills and Los Angeles.
As of the fall 2013 semester, CSUF is the third most applied to CSU out of all 23 campuses receiving nearly 65,000 applications, including over 40,000 for incoming freshmen and nearly 23,000 transfer applications, the second highest in the CSU.
(1970, women's basketball (CIAW); 1971, 1972, 1974 men's gymnastics; 1971 cross country team; 1973 women's fencing; 1989, men's bowling; 1979, women's gymnastics; 1979, 1984, 1995, 2004 baseball; 1986 softball).
The CSUF Dance Team currently holds the most national titles at the school, with 15 national titles from UDA Division 1 Jazz; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017; and one national title from UDAs in Division 1 Hip Hop.
CSUF currently supports 21 club sports on top of its Division I varsity teams, which are archery, baseball, cycling, equestrian, grappling and jiu jitsu, ice hockey, men's lacrosse, women's lacrosse, nazara Bollywood dance, men's rugby, women's rugby, roller hockey, salsa team, men's soccer, women's soccer, table tennis, tennis, ultimate frisbee, men's volleyball, women's volleyball, skiing, and wushu.
CSUF alumni include an astronaut who has made two trips to space; the incoming speaker of the California Assembly; other politicians and Academy Award-winning directors, actors, producers and cinematographers; award-winning journalists, authors and screenwriters; nationally recognized teachers; presidents and CEOs of leading corporations; international opera stars, musicians and Broadway stars; and professional athletes, Olympians, doctors, scientists, researchers, and social activists.
A varnam is traditionally performed as an opening item by musicians in Carnatic music concerts to act as warm-up for the musicians, or as a centre main piece in Bharatanatyam dance concerts.
As a foundation to Carnatic music, varnams are also practised as vocal exercises by performers of Carnatic music, to help develop voice culture, and maintain proper pitch and control of rhythm.
The melodic patterns in a varnam are considered to be characteristic patterns of a particular raga, and assist a performer in ensuring the swaras of the raga are sung or played effectively.
Teachers of Carnatic music maintain that varnams must be practised in double and triple speeds by performers in order to develop the skills of manodharma (improvisation), particularly neraval and kalpanaswaras.
Kawanishi's N1K was originally built as a single pontoon floatplane fighter to support forward offensive operations where no airstrips were available, but by 1943 when the aircraft entered service, Japan was firmly on the defensive and there was no longer a need for a fighter to fulfill this role.
However, Kawanishi engineers had proposed in late 1941 that the N1K would also be the basis of a formidable land-based fighter and a land-based version was produced as a private venture by the company.
The aircraft retained the mid-mounted wing of the floatplane and combined with the large propeller this necessitated a long, stalky main landing gear.
A unique feature was the aircraft's combat flaps that automatically adjusted in response to acceleration, freeing up the pilot's concentration and reducing the chance of stalling in combat.
The N1K1-J, and the N1K2 Shiden-Kai released later that year, were among the rare Japanese aircraft that offered pilots an even chance against late-war American designs such as the F6F Hellcat and the F4U Corsair, and either could be a formidable weapon in the hands of an ace.
In February 1945 Lieutenant Kaneyoshi Muto, flying a N1K2-J as part of a group of at least 10 expert Japanese pilots, faced seven U.S. Navy Hellcats of VF-82 in the sky over Japan.
A close friend of Lieutenant Kaneyoshi Muto, ace pilot Saburō Sakai, states in his autobiography that a one-versus-twelve combat did take place, but with Muto at the controls of a Zero fighter.
Production difficulties and damage resulting from B-29 raids on factories led to only 415 of the superior N1K2-J fighters being produced.
Along with high speed the Shiden-Kai offered pilots an agile aircraft with a roll rate of 82°/sec at backing four powerful 20 mm cannons in the wings.
As a bomber interceptor the N1K2-J fared less well, hampered as it was by a poor rate of climb and reduced engine performance at high altitude.
A second encounter took place when pilots flying Shidens initially mistook Corsairs from Marine Fighter Squadron 123 (VMF-123) for Hellcats and attacked.
The second N1K2-Ja (s/n 5312), a fighter-bomber variant equipped with wing mounts to carry bombs, is on display in the Air Power gallery at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio.
This aircraft was displayed outside for many years in a children's playground in San Diego, suffering considerable corrosion, and had become seriously deteriorated.
In 1959 it was donated to the Museum through the cooperation of the San Diego Squadron of the Air Force Association.
Four different aircraft serial numbers were found on parts throughout the airframe, indicating reassembly from three different wrecks brought back to the U.S. for examination, or wartime assembly or repair from parts obtained from three different aircraft.
The third example (s/n 5341, tail code A343-35) is owned by the National Air and Space Museum but was restored by the Champlin Fighter Museum at Falcon Field, Mesa, Arizona, in return for the right to display the aircraft at Falcon Field for 10 years after restoration.
This aircraft is known to be from the 343rd Kōkūtai as the unit flew sorties in the area, but the tail code is unknown as it was partially restored from a corroded wreck recovered from the sea.
After an aerial battle on July 24, 1945, its pilot ditched the aircraft in the waters of the Bungo Channel, but he was never found; by the time of the aircraft's recovery from the seabed on July 14, 1979, he could be identified only as one of six pilots from the 343rd squadron who disappeared that day.
The Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, also known as Champaign–Urbana and Urbana–Champaign as well as Chambana (to the locals), is a metropolitan area in east-central Illinois.
The Office of Management and Budget has designated the three-county Champaign–Urbana area as one of its metropolitan statistical areas (the Champaign–Urbana, IL MSA), which are used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and other agencies.
The area is anchored by the principal cities of Champaign and Urbana and is home to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, the flagship campus of the University of Illinois system.
(University students, even those from outside the area, are included in Census figures if they were counted by the federal Census).
Beginning in the 1990s, city government began to aggressively court development, including by investing millions of dollars in public funds into downtown improvements and by offering developers incentives, such as liquor licenses, to pursue projects in the area.
The project began in 2007 by taking down the facade of the deteriorated Trevett-Mattis Banking Co. which previously occupied the building site.
The M2 includes not just condos for residential occupation, but also retail and office space in its lower floors, a common trend in new developments in the urban core.
In the Campustown area adjoining the University of Illinois, the new 24-story highrise apartment building 309 Green was ostensibly completed in the fall of 2007 but had partial occupancy at least through the fall of 2008.
It is tall, making it a full 3 stories higher than the older 21-story Tower at Third, the first contribution to the Urbana–Champaign skyline.
The Burnham 310 Project, at 18 stories, which is also taller (in overall height), was finished in the fall of 2008 and includes student luxury apartments and a County Market grocery store.
In 2013-14, four other mixed-use buildings (apartments above commercial) have been built in Campustown, with heights of 26, 13, 8, and 5 stories.
On the University of Illinois campus, Memorial Stadium has gone under major renovation, with construction of new stands, clubs, and luxury suites.
Across Kirby Avenue, the Assembly Hall, first built in 1963 and renamed the State Farm Center as part of a major renovation begun in 2014, continues to be the home of Illinois basketball and has resumed hosting concerts and other performing arts after renovation was completed in late 2016.
In the late 2000s, the restoration of the Champaign County Courthouse bell tower capped the expansion and renovation of Courthouse facilities and provided a striking focal point in downtown Urbana.
Instead of a sprawling suburban skirt that encircles the urban area, the urban area abuts large swaths of farmland, with small to medium-sized villages that originated as farming communities.
But, as the willingness of professionals to commute longer distances has increased in recent decades, new residential developments have arisen on their edges, dotting the surrounding landscape.
Most of these outlying communities, such as Savoy, Mahomet, St. Joseph, Tolono, and arguably Rantoul and Monticello as well, are dependent on Champaign and Urbana for economic and infrastructure support.
These areas are populated to a substantial extent with commuters who work in Champaign or Urbana, but reside outside the two cities.
Because higher paid professors, doctors and technology professionals who work for the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, the many clinics and hospitals in town, or in the Research Park, are more likely to maintain cars for commuting longer distances and to afford owner-occupied single-family housing, these areas lacking in mass transit and high-density rental projects often have a higher median household income than Champaign or Urbana.
In addition to residential developments in the surrounding, formerly agricultural communities, residential neighborhoods are also growing up in unincorporated areas within a short radius of the city limits, while the cities themselves are also expanding to annex areas of new development.
While the annexed areas benefit from municipal services, developments that are willing to forego city sewer systems, libraries and police protection can enjoy the lower tax rates the surrounding townships levy, as fewer services are provided.
Areas currently under construction extend as far as around Rising Road west of I-57 and north and east of Willard Airport.
On the eastern side of the city of Urbana, new business developments such as a Meijer, a planned Menards, and a commercial center with many restaurants and services have broken ground, as well as more suburban housing.
In addition to arguments for and against development, the question of potential annexations, which remove property tax revenues from the surrounding townships while increasing the urban tax base (but also the demands on urban services) is a point of constant strife between the cities and the surrounding townships.
On the other hand, the availability of higher-valued housing in areas belonging to the townships or surrounding villages, which is paid for by workers earning their money within the urban infrastructure also represents a movement of potential tax dollars from Champaign and Urbana to their dependent areas.
Both hospitals provide various specialized services, and Carle Hospital currently has a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, a Level I Trauma Center, and a medical helicopter service.
It was renamed Carle Foundation Physician Services, and it maintains several locations next to the hospital, as well as other locations within Champaign-Urbana and other East Central Illinois cities.
Both hospitals and clinics are affiliated with the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana, part of the larger University of Illinois College of Medicine, which has campuses in Chicago, Peoria, Rockford, and Urbana.
While the Assembly Hall is primarily a campus basketball and concert arena, the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts is considered to be one of the nation's top venues for performance and hosts over 400 performances annually.
Built in 1969, the Krannert Center's facilities cover over four acres (16,000 m²) of land, and features four theatres and an amphitheatre.
The Historic Virginia Theatre in downtown Champaign is a public venue owned by the city of Champaign and administered by the Champaign Park District.
The Virginia also features a variety of performances from community theatre with the Champaign Urbana Theatre Company, to post box-office showings of popular films, current artistic films, live musical performances (both orchestral and popular), and other types of shows.
First commissioned in 1921, it originally served as a venue for both film and live performances, but became primarily a movie house in the 1950s.
The theatre once again began holding regular live performances when it was leased to local gospel singer David Wyper in 1992.
The Art Theater in downtown Champaign began as Champaign's first theatre devoted to movies, the Park, in 1912, and is a small venue showing films not normally playing at the box office.
The Virginia, which hosts Roger Ebert's Annual Overlooked Film Festival, is also single-screen, but only opens for special showings and events.
Parkland College in Champaign features a small theatre called the Parkland College Theatre and a planetarium called the William M. Staerkel Planetarium.
Some lesser known artists like Alma Afrobeat Ensemble, Zirafa and Spinnerty, d-Lo, Bozak, Melodic Scribes, DJ Librarian, UC Hiphop, and Zmick are also worthy of note on simply a local scale.
Opening in 1990 in the heart of downtown Champaign, the Blind Pig Co on Taylor St was one of the first businesses to lead the renaissance of the formerly deserted downtown district.
Live music was featured 5 nights a week, and grunge and indy rock bands like the Afghan Whigs, Smashing Pumpkins, Liz Phair, Pavement and Everclear performed there on numerous occasions.
Blues legends like Luther Allison, Ronnie and Lonnie Brooks, Otis Clay and Robert Cotton were also featured, as were international acts like I.K.
The Blind Pig closed as a music venue in 1998, but re-opened as a craft beer bar in 2004, and a microbrewery in 2009.
The cities now host Pygmalion Music Festival on an annual basis, presented by the Nicodemus Agency and Krannert Center for the Performing Arts.
Past performers include Iron and Wine, The Books, Yacht, Rjd2, Yo La Tengo, Black Mountain, Asobi Seksu, Times New Viking, of Montreal, Danielson, Man Man, Okkervil River, Andrew Bird, Questlove, and more.
In 2009, the Champaign-Urbana metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ranked as the fourth highest in the United States for percentage of commuters who walked to work (9 percent).
In 2013, the Champaign-Urbana MSA ranked as the eleventh lowest in the United States for percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (78.4 percent).
Routes 45 and 150 pass through the cities as well, and Illinois Routes 10 and 130 originate in Champaign and Urbana, respectively.
While greater Champaign-Urbana does not feature any professional sports teams, the University of Illinois fields many teams which compete in the Big Ten Conference.
Memorial Stadium is a football arena where the Fighting Illini football team plays, and the State Farm Center is the home of the highly successful Fighting Illini basketball team.
The team was scheduled to start playing in the 2009 baseball season, but was delayed in 2008 to the 2010 season at the earliest.
The University of Illinois hosted the 2013 NCAA Division I Men's and Women's Tennis Championships in May at the Kahn Outdoor Tennis Complex next to the Atkins Tennis Center and Eichelberger Field just south of Florida Avenue in Urbana.
Membership includes people who have served as military, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, provincial and municipal police, Royal Canadian Air, Army and Sea Cadets, direct relatives of members and also affiliated members.
The Great War Veterans Association, co-founded in 1917 by Lillian Bilsky Freiman, was by 1919 the largest veterans' organization in Canada.
Field Marshal Earl Haig, founder of the British Empire Service League (now known as the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League), visited Canada in 1925 and urged the organizations to merge.
In November 1925, the Canadian Legion was founded in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as the Canadian Legion of the British Empire Services League.
The Royal Canadian Legion Branch 593 erected a memorial in Ottawa dedicated to those who died in the First and Second World Wars and the Korean War.
Often the Legion Hall is a major community centre, combining the functions of a pub, pool hall, dance hall, bingo hall, banquet hall, and so on.
With the formation of the Legion in 1925 the Poppy was adopted as a national symbol of remembrance and the focal point of the Poppy Campaign.
In 1948 the Government of Canada chose to award the trademark copyright of the Poppy to the Royal Canadian Legion - a move made to protect the image from misuse.
This trademark copyright remains in effect today restricting its usage to remembrance within Canada and under the authority of the Royal Canadian Legion.
The Legion is responsible for Canada's remembrance poppy campaign which distributes plastic lapel poppies to be worn in the lead up to Remembrance Day.
Typically, the poppies are offered up for donation as a symbol of remembrance, using an honour system, with the poppies being left in open places with a receptacle for leaving a donation toward the campaign.
Funds raised are used to support ex-service members in need and to fund medical appliances and research, home services, care facilities and numerous other purposes benefiting veterans.
The Legion also performs ceremonies annually at the gravesites of Canadian and British servicemen interred in the United States, generally on a Sunday in May.
In 1962 the Legion began a summer sports camp at the International Peace Garden which is run to this day, and has helped to train over 48,000 school age athletes.
There are many privately run Legion bands across the country, acting independently and in the community in which they are based.
The Royal Canadian Legion Concert Band in Toronto has been active for over a century and is one of the oldest legion bands in the country.
Many legion bands are led by former bandsmen, most notably James Gayfer, the former director of the Band of the Canadian Guards from 1953-1961, who would later go on the found the Petawawa Legion Community Band in 1978.
In May 1978, legion bands congregated at the Olymic Stadium in Montreal for the Legion Day celebrations, becoming one of the largest legion combined activities recorded.
In 2015, the Royal Canadian Legion, donated $830,000 to the BCIT School of Business to fund the Legion Military Skills Conversion Program.
The Royal Canadian Legion provides assistance to Veterans and eligible family members in Reviews and Appeals before the Veterans Review and Appeal Board.
The RCL and the Bureau of Pensions Advocates often work together to prepare cases and represent Veteran clients before the Board when those clients wish to appeal disability pension and award decisions made by Veterans Affairs Canada.
Non-Commonwealth subjects from an Allied nation who support the aims and objects of The Royal Canadian Legion can apply for affiliate non-voting membership.
The 5P Legal Services Team provides assistance for veterans completing and submitting application forms and effective representation for veterans appearing at Veterans Review and Appeal Board hearings in Ottawa and Ontario.
It is usually one cycle long and repeated twice in order to give the percussionist the idea of the chosen taalam.
Pallavi in Sanskrit is used as an adjective or a verb with appropriate suffix to denote a small and tender red-coloured leaf of a plant or a tendril.
In functional analysis and related branches of mathematics, the Banach–Alaoglu theorem (also known as Alaoglu's theorem) states that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a normed vector space is compact in the weak* topology.
A common proof identifies the unit ball with the weak* topology as a closed subset of a product of compact sets with the product topology.
A proof of this theorem for separable normed vector spaces was published in 1932 by Stefan Banach, and the first proof for the general case was published in 1940 by the mathematician Leonidas Alaoglu.
Since the Banach–Alaoglu theorem is proven via Tychonoff's theorem, it relies on the ZFC axiomatic framework, in particular the axiom of choice.
This theorem has applications in physics when one describes the set of states of an algebra of observables, namely that any state can be written as a convex linear combination of so-called pure states.
This is a motivation for having different topologies on a same space since in contrast the unit ball in the norm topology is compact if and only if the space is finite-dimensional, cf.
A special case of the Banach–Alaoglu theorem is the sequential version of the theorem, which asserts that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a separable normed vector space is sequentially compact in the weak* topology.
In fact, the weak* topology on the closed unit ball of the dual of a separable space is metrizable, and thus compactness and sequential compactness are equivalent.
Due to the constructive nature of its proof (as opposed to the general case, which is based on the axiom of choice), the sequential Banach–Alaoglu theorem is often used in the field of partial differential equations to construct solutions to PDE or variational problems.
In the case of a normed vector space, the polar of a neighbourhood is closed and norm-bounded in the dual space.
This is because the closed unit ball is only a neighborhood of the origin in the strong topology, but is usually not a neighbourhood of the origin in the weak-* topology, as it has empty interior in the weak* topology, unless the space is finite-dimensional.
A blueshift is any decrease in wavelength (increase in energy), with a corresponding increase in frequency, of an electromagnetic wave; the opposite effect is referred to as redshift.
The term applies to any decrease in wavelength and increase in frequency caused by relative motion, even outside the visible spectrum.
Only objects moving at near-relativistic speeds toward the observer are noticeably bluer to the naked eye, but the wavelength of any reflected or emitted photon or other particle is shortened in the direction of travel.
It is a natural consequence of conservation of energy and mass–energy equivalence, and was confirmed experimentally in 1959 with the Pound–Rebka experiment.
Gravitational blueshift contributes to cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy via the Sachs–Wolfe effect: when a gravitational well evolves while a photon is passing, the amount of blueshift on approach will differ from the amount of gravitational redshift as it leaves the region.
One of the largest blueshifts is found in the narrow-line quasar, PG 1543+489, which has a relative velocity of -1150 km/s.
In a hypothetical universe undergoing a runaway Big Crunch contraction, a cosmological blueshift would be observed, with galaxies further away being increasingly blueshifted—the exact opposite of the actually observed cosmological redshift in the present expanding universe.
Peace, Love, Death Metal is the debut studio album by Eagles of Death Metal, released by AntAcidAudio on March 23, 2004.
Homme promoted the band and wore one of its t-shirts when appearing on the Lollapalooza tour with his main band Queens of the Stone Age in 2003.
He is the founder of Magna International, an international automotive parts company based in Aurora, Ontario, Canada, Granite Real Estate, and Stronach Group, which specializes in horse-racing.
Born as Franz Strohsack in Kleinsemmering, Styria, Austria, to working-class parents, Stronach's childhood was marked by the Great Depression and the Second World War.
They have two children: Belinda Stronach, a former Liberal (and previously Conservative) MP and former CEO of Magna, and Andrew Stronach, who is involved in thoroughbred horse racing, via the Adena Springs Farms breeding operations.
On 1 October 2018, he and his wife filed a lawsuit against their daughter Belinda, their grandchildren Nicole and Frankie, and Alon Ossip for failure to honour commitments regarding the management of The Stronach Group (TSG), from which Frank Stronach resigned as trustee in 2013 when he ran for office in Austria.
In 1973, the name was converted from Multimatic Investments Ltd to Magna International Ltd. Over the following decades, after several mergers and acquisitions, his business gradually became the major force it is today.
Stronach, who is currently the non-executive chairman of Magna International, holds multiple-voting shares of the company, which gives him majority voting power over issues brought to shareholder vote.
In 1997, he announced the project to build an amusement park in Ebreichsdorf, which would have included a giant globe representing the earth that would have been 110 m high and visible from every point in the Viennese Basin.
In the newly merged company Magna Steyr, he successfully prevented the establishment of works councils, in violation of Austrian labour law by reprimanding workers who were cooperating with unions.
Stronach is the owner of Stronach Group which specializes in horse-racing entertainment and owns and operates some of the most prominent racetracks in the United States.
Among his early successes was his partnership with Nelson Bunker Hunt in the filly Glorious Song who was voted the 1980 Sovereign Award for Canadian Horse of the Year.
His horses have won the Queen's Plate in 1994 and 1997, the Belmont Stakes in 1997, and the Preakness Stakes in 2000.
His horse Ghostzapper won several major races including the 2004 Breeders' Cup Classic, was voted the Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year, and named the World's Top Ranked Horse for 2004.
He subsequently established Adena Springs Farms which owns horse breeding farms in Kentucky, Florida and Canada and won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder in 2004, 2005 and 2006.
Stronach was a candidate of the Liberal Party of Canada in the 1988 federal election for the riding of York—Simcoe, but was defeated by the Progressive Conservative John Cole.
These connections were most famously exhibited when Progressive Conservative Premier Ernie Eves and Finance Minister Janet Ecker delivered the 2003 Ontario budget from a Magna plant.
This led to accusations that the government was violating centuries of parliamentary tradition, and is generally believed to have had a negative impact on the Progressive Conservatives in the next provincial election.
In November 2011, he called for an 'intellectual revolution' in Austria, suggesting that he would be willing to fund a student-led political party.
He called for a flat tax of 20%, a reduction in bureaucracy by 10% over five years, and a balanced budget.
His programme has been compared to the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ); Stronach has recently admired the BZÖ's leader Josef Bucher as the only politician in Austria that represents economic liberalism.
This led to suggestions that Stronach would take over the BZÖ ahead of the 2013 elections so as to give his movement seats in Parliament.
Four MPs – Gerhard Köfer of the Social Democratic Party, Elisabeth Kaufmann-Bruckberger of the BZÖ and independents Robert Lugar and Erich Tadler – have agreed to join the party.
The endorsement of at least three members of the National Council is required for a party to compete in general elections (alternatively, a quorum of 2,600 signatures in support of the party's candidacy have to be collected).
In spite of a budget three times larger than its closest competitors and the fact that Stronach was at the same time the president of the Austrian Bundesliga, the club managed to win the Austrian Championship only twice.
Due to opposition among prominent members of FK Austria Wien, Stronach decided on 21 November 2005 to withdraw from the club.
On 6 September 2005, Stronach announced that he and Magna International were committing $2 million to start a model community for people displaced by Hurricane Katrina.
Auto-parts giant Magna International Inc. and MEC are scouting for about in an area of Baton Rouge in Louisiana to set up trailers and infrastructure.
The aeroplane turns the sky into a new battlefield and eliminates the distinction between frontline and hinterland, with the civilian population far behind the frontline also becoming a target.
It recognizes a distinguished example of feature photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence or an album.
It was released in September 1975 by United Artists Records and on 14 November 1975 in the United Kingdom by Jet Records.
Following the conclusion of the Eldorado's European leg of the tour, the band began recording the new album at Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany.
This was the first time ELO recorded at Musicland and the band would later return to record most of the future albums here due to frontman Jeff Lynne's great fondness for it and his working relationship with sound engineer Mack.
New measures were taken to ensure a more-complex but satisfying sound, such as backing female vocalists of Ellie Greenwich, Susan Collins, Nancy O'Neill and Marge Raymond, a choir, and the band's string trio of Mik Kaminski, Hugh McDowell and Melvyn Gale mixed into the backing 30-piece string section and also allowing them to perform solo bits on some of the records.
The backing orchestra was recorded separately from the band's initial sessions, being recorded instead at De Lane Lea Studios in London, England.
It begins with a haunting synthesizer (provided by Richard Tandy) playing a repeating broken chord of E♭, A, C, A along with a backing choir.
The haunting opening concludes with the backing orchestra repeating the same broken chord as the synthesizer before transitioning into a more symphonic-rock bridge accompanied by the drums.
The song suddenly shifts to a rock sound with a prominent acoustic guitar riff where Kelly Groucutt joins on the bass guitar.
Jeff Lynne later remarked the entire concept of the song started with the idea of classical symphonic sound would collide with a rock and roll sound.
Kaminski, McDowell and Gale all play together mixed with the backing orchestra in the song's entirety, adding an extra layer of orchestration.
The song was not released as a single anywhere with the exception of France and Australia where it became a minor hit.
It includes a small section of in-studio banter and Lynne doing a count-in and also includes a slightly extended studio ending.
The song was written by Lynne in a matter of just a few minutes near the end of the Face the Music studio sessions in June 1975.
Originally supposed to be a filler track to give the album a longer runtime, it quickly became a worldwide hit and was released as a single only a month after the album's release.
The main song features a more disco-like rhythm (aside from the short orchestral interlude on the album version) with Tandy's piano riff and Lynne's acoustic guitar playing the chords Am, Em7 and Dm7.
The middle section features a piano solo by Tandy and a string ascending melody together before cutting an unusual string break.
An additional verse was written for the song but was cut from the final mix as proven in the stripped mix of the song which is found as a bonus track on the reissue of the album.
The song is a fast-tempo guitar-rocker featuring Kelly Groucutt on both lead and harmony vocals, one of few times where Jeff Lynne does not sing the lead.
Each chorus features more instrumentation than the previous: the first being just a guitar with a phaser effect, piano and mild percussion, the second having drums and an ascending string orchestration added and the third having more layers of strings.
Though drums are a feature used in the studio recording of the song, drummer Bev Bevan would leave his drum set and join Lynne and Groucutt on the front of the stage, playing tambourine and singing the baritone parts of the song during live performances.
The ELO string trio has a greater influence on sound of this track, playing independently from the backing orchestra in a more fiddle-like fashion.
The song features an orchestral opening with Lynne singing with a soft tenor voice; the main verses and chorus feature Lynne on acoustic guitar with a phaser effect on it.
Lynne's father, who had been vocally critical about Lynne's early albums admired the song and Lynne recalled that his father would hum the song.
The Portsmouth Yardstick (PY) or Portsmouth handicap scheme is a term used for a number of related systems of empirical handicapping used primarily in small sailboat racing.
The handicap is applied to the time taken to sail any course, and the handicaps can be used with widely differing types of sailboats.
The various schemes are not directly linked, and ratings for the same class can and often do vary in the different schemes.
The most prominent Portsmouth Yardstick systems are probably those administered in the United States by the Portsmouth Numbers Committee, in the United Kingdom by the Royal Yachting Association (RYA) and in Australia by Victoria Yachting.
In 1960 he handed over the administration to the RYA and in 1976 a new YR2 format was used, with the Langstone tables being removed in 1986.
The Portsmouth Yardstick was extended to multihulls in 1973 and from 1977 four forms were used, for dinghy, multihull, keel and cruiser.
Due to the increasing performance of boats, particularly multihulls, the base range of the numbers has been increased twice over the years and are now roughly centred on 1,000.
In the United States, the Thistle was chosen as primary yardstick for compilation in 1961 with a value of 83.0, which corresponded to its RYA PN rating at the time.
Wind Handicap Factors (HC) are an extension conceived by the DIYRA Portsmouth Numbers Committee to take a more realistic account of wind and wave conditions for different classes.
where Scale is 100 for US and AUS numbers, and 1000 for UK numbers, and Handicap is the applicable Portsmouth Number for the given class of boat.
Each boat's time is adjusted with the formula, and then the adjusted scores are compared to determine the outcome of the race.
For example, a PD Racer (a semi-open homebuilt class, and the slowest listed boat in the USA scheme) has a D-PN of 140, and an A-Scow (the fastest listed centreboard boat) has a D-PN of 61.3.
There are hundreds of boats that have a Portsmouth Number, or D-PN, or both; the table below gives some notable examples.
The classes included below are from those used at the 2012 Olympics, the 2012 Paralympic Games, and the 2012 ISAF Youth Worlds.
Larger sailboats are more likely to use the Performance Handicap Racing Fleet handicapping system in North America, or the IRC handicapping system in Europe, Australia & New Zealand.
There are many other methods of handicapping sailboat racing, including performance handicapping systems such as Echo, used in Ireland, and NHC, used in the UK.
On the Third Day is the third studio album by Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), and the first to be recorded without input from Roy Wood.
It was released in the United States in November 1973 by United Artists Records, and in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1973 by Warner Bros. Records.
Violinist Mik Kaminski made his debut on side one of this album, replacing Wilfred Gibson, although Gibson plays on side two (plus the bonus tracks).
It was, however, included on the U.S. version of the album, because the band remained on United Artists Records in the U.S.
Although he didn't record on the album, Hugh McDowell did appear on this front cover of the U.S. album seen at right, which was an unusual photograph taken by famed photographer Richard Avedon that had ELO displaying their navels.
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1977, This is the year of the second-deadliest air disaster in history, the Tenerife airport disaster.
Richard Tandy made his ELO studio debut on this album, playing keyboards; he had earlier performed live with the original lineup alongside Wood, Lynne, drummer Bev Bevan, Gibson and cellist Mike Edwards, playing bass (and in TV appearances with The Move playing guitar).
In 2006 the album was remastered and expanded in the US, with a slightly different running order to the UK 2003 EMI version, with both versions sharing the same Hipgnosis album art for the first time.
Tracks 9-12 on disc one were recorded in April 1973 and feature glam rock superstar Marc Bolan, who was also recording at AIR Studios at that time, on double lead guitar on tracks 10–12.
The band re-recorded two of these songs for the third album because of ELO's label change in the UK before it was released.
Tracks 6-8 on disc one and track 5 on disc two were recorded in June 1973, with track 6 becoming a hit single in the UK.
It is sometimes called the ultradian sleep cycle, sleep–dream cycle, or REM-NREM cycle, to distinguish it from the circadian alternation between sleep and wakefulness.
Electroencephalography shows the timing of sleep cycles by virtue of the marked distinction in brainwaves manifested during REM and non-REM sleep.
Secretions of various hormones, including renin, growth hormone, and prolactin, correlate positively with delta-wave activity, while secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone correlates inversely.
In order to determine in which stage of sleep the asleep subject is, electroencephalography is combined with other devices used for this differentiation.
EMG (electromyography) is a crucial method to distinguish between sleep phases: for example, in general, a decrease of muscle tone is characteristic of the transition from wake to sleep (Kleitman, 1963; Chase & Morales, 1990), and during REM sleep there is a state of muscles atonia, resulting in an absence of signals in the EMG.
EOG (electrooculography), the measure of the eyes’ movement, is the third method used in the sleep architecture measurement; for example, REM sleep, as the name indicates, is characterized by a rapid eye movement pattern, visible thanks to the EOG.
Moreover, methods based on cardiorespiratry parameters are also effective in the analysis of sleep architecture, if they are associated the other aforementioned measurements (such as electroencephalography, electrooculography and the electromyography).
Thus, during REM sleep, body temperature tends to drift away from its mean level, and during non-REM sleep, to return to normal.
Researchers have proposed different models to elucidate the undoubtedly complex rhythm of electrochemical processes that result in the regular alternation of REM and NREM sleep.
In cats the sleep cycle lasts about 30 minutes, in rats about 12 minutes, and in elephants up to 120 minutes.
(In this regard the ontogeny of the sleep cycle appears proportionate with metabolic processes, which vary in proportion with organism size.
The cycle can be defined as lasting from the end of one REM period to the end of the next, or from the beginning of REM, or from the beginning of non-REM stage 2.
A 7–8-hour sleep probably includes five cycles, the middle two of which tend to be longer than the first and fourth.
Ernest Hartmann found in 1968 that humans seem to continue a roughly 90-minute ultradian rhythm throughout a 24-hour day, whether they are asleep or awake.
According to this hypothesis, during the period of this cycle corresponding with REM, people tend to daydream more and show less muscle tone.
A difficulty for this theory is the fact that a long non-REM phase almost always precedes REM, regardless of when in the cycle a person falls asleep.
Michel Jouvet found that cats with forebrains removed continued to display REM-like characteristics on a 30-minute cycle, despite never entering slow-wave sleep.
Duloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain.
A 2014 Cochrane review concluded that duloxetine is beneficial in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and fibromyalgia but that more comparative studies with other medicines are needed.
While duloxetine has demonstrated improvement in depression-related symptoms compared to placebo, comparisons of duloxetine to other antidepressant medications have been less successful.
It thus did not recommend duloxetine as a first line treatment for major depressive disorder, given the (then) high cost of duloxetine compared to inexpensive off-patent antidepressants and lack of increased efficacy.
Duloxetine was approved for the pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), based on the positive results of two clinical trials.
The average daily pain was measured using an 11-point scale, and duloxetine treatment resulted in an additional 1–1.7 points decrease of pain as compared with placebo.
A Cochrane review concluded that the evidence in support of duloxetine's efficacy in treating painful diabetic neuropathy was adequate, and that further trials should focus on comparisons with other medications.
On November 4, 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved duloxetine to treat chronic musculoskeletal pain, including discomfort from osteoarthritis and chronic lower back pain.
Duloxetine failed to receive US approval for stress urinary incontinence amid concerns over liver toxicity and suicidal events; it was approved for this use in the UK, however, where it is recommended as an add-on medication in stress urinary incontinence instead of surgery.
The safety and utility of duloxetine in the treatment of incontinence has been evaluated in a series of meta analyses and practice guidelines.
In addition, the FDA has reported on life-threatening drug interactions that may be possible when co-administered with triptans and other drugs acting on serotonin pathways leading to increased risk for serotonin syndrome.
In a trial for major depressive disorder (MDD), the most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events among duloxetine-treated patients were nausea (34.7%), dry mouth (22.7%), headache (20.0%) and dizziness (18.7%), and except for headache, these were reported significantly more often than in the placebo group.
In a long-term study of fibromyalgia patients receiving duloxetine, frequency and type of adverse effects was similar to that reported in the MDD trial above.
In 4 clinical trials of duloxetine for the treatment of MDD, sexual dysfunction occurred significantly more frequently in patients treated with duloxetine than those treated with placebo, and this difference occurred only in men.
Frequency of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction were similar for duloxetine and SSRIs when compared in a 6-month observational study in depressed patients.
Rates of sexual dysfunction in MDD patients treated with duloxetine vs escitalopram did not differ significantly at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, although the trend favored duloxetine (33.3% of duloxetine patients experienced sexual side effects compared to 43.6% of those receiving escitalopram and 25% of those receiving placebo).
During marketing of other SSRIs and SNRIs, there have been spontaneous reports of adverse events occurring upon discontinuation of these drugs, particularly when abrupt, including the following: dysphoric mood, irritability, agitation, dizziness, sensory disturbances (e.g., paresthesias such as brain zap electric shock sensations), anxiety, confusion, headache, lethargy, emotional lability, insomnia, hypomania, tinnitus, and seizures.
If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered.
In placebo-controlled clinical trials of up to nine weeks' duration of patients with MDD, a systematic evaluation of discontinuation symptoms in patients taking duloxetine following abrupt discontinuation found the following symptoms occurring at a rate greater than or equal to 2% and at a significantly higher rate in duloxetine-treated patients compared to those discontinuing from placebo: dizziness, nausea, headache, paresthesia, vomiting, irritability, and nightmare.
The FDA requires all antidepressants, including duloxetine, to carry a black box warning stating that antidepressants may increase the risk of suicide in persons younger than 25.
This warning is based on statistical analyses conducted by two independent groups of the FDA experts that found a 2-fold increase of the suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents, and 1.5-fold increase of suicidality in the 18–24 age group.
To obtain statistically significant results the FDA had to combine the results of 295 trials of 11 antidepressants for psychiatric indications.
As suicidal ideation and behavior in clinical trials are rare, the results for any drug taken separately usually do not reach statistical significance.
In 2005 the United States FDA released a public health advisory noting that there had been 11 reports of suicide attempts and 3 reports of suicidality within the mostly middle-aged women participating in the open label extension trials of duloxetine for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
The suicide attempt rate in the SUI study population (based on 9,400 patients) was calculated to be 400 per 100,000 person years.
This rate is greater than the suicide attempt rate among middle-aged U.S. women that has been reported in published studies, i.e., 150 to 160 per 100,000 person years.
In addition, one death from suicide was reported in a Cymbalta clinical pharmacology study in a healthy female volunteer without SUI.
Reported adverse events that were temporally correlated to duloxetine therapy include rash, reported rarely, and the following adverse events, reported very rarely: alanine aminotransferase increased, alkaline phosphatase increased, anaphylactic reaction, angioneurotic edema, aspartate aminotransferase increased, bilirubin increased, glaucoma, hepatotoxicity, hyponatremia, jaundice, orthostatic hypotension (especially at the initiation of treatment), Stevens–Johnson syndrome, syncope (especially at initiation of treatment), and urticaria.
Duloxetine increases dopamine (DA) specifically in the prefrontal cortex, where there are few DA reuptake pumps, via the inhibition of NE reuptake pumps (NET), which is believed to mediate reuptake of DA and NE.
Duloxetine has no significant affinity for dopaminergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, opioid, glutamate, and GABA reuptake transporters, however, and can therefore be considered to be a selective reuptake inhibitor at the 5-HT and NE transporters.
Major depressive disorder is believed to be due in part to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines within the central nervous system.
serotonin metabolism inhibition, cause a decrease in proinflammatory cytokine activity and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines; this mechanism may apply to duloxetine in its effect on depression but research on cytokines specific to duloxetine therapy is lacking.
The analgesic properties of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and central pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia are believed to be due to sodium ion channel blockade.
Food does not affect the C of duloxetine, but delays the time to reach peak concentration from 6 to 10 hours.
Elimination: Duloxetine has an elimination half-life of about 12 hours (range 8 to 17 hours) and its pharmacokinetics are dose proportional over the therapeutic range.
David Robertson; David Wong, a co-discoverer of fluoxetine; and Joseph Krushinski are listed as inventors on the patent application filed in 1986 and granted in 1990.
The (+)-enantiomer of LY227942, assigned LY248686, was chosen for further studies, because it inhibited serotonin reuptake in rat synaptosomes to twice the degree of the (–)-enantiomer.
It may also be a factor in causing more severe liver injury, but there are no cases in the NDA database that clearly demonstrate this.
After the manufacturing issues were resolved, the liver toxicity warning included in the prescribing information, and the follow-up studies showed that duloxetine does not cause QTc interval prolongation, duloxetine was approved by the FDA for depression and diabetic neuropathy in 2004.
Cymbalta generated sales of nearly $5 billion in 2012 with $4 billion of that in the U.S., but its patent protection terminated January 1, 2014.
Lilly received a six-month extension beyond June 30, 2013 after testing for the treatment of depression in adolescents, which may produce $1.5 billion in added sales.
It is a residential area just 15 minutes by bus from Sliema and within walking distance of Malta's nightlife and entertainment centres, Paceville and St. Julian's.
It accommodated 8,099 people as of November 2005; a small number of service industries, IT facilities and English language schools have taken root.
The hamlet of Madliena owes its origin to the Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen, which was built in the 15th century.
The town's coat of arms features a red and gold zig-zag motif indicating the valleys and fields of Tal-Ibraġ, blue waves indicating the watering courses (swieqi in Maltese) and a silver saltire.
Madliena is indicated with the red letter M. Swieqi has its own local council, and in 2007 it had its own postal code instated (SWQ...).
The town fell under the jurisdiction of St. Julian's, Birkirkara, San Ġwann, Naxxar and Ħal Għargħur at different times in its history.
In those days only a few families lived in the area and the majority of these were farmers and manual labourers.
These people worked hard for the church to be built and so that they could finally have their own chapel where they could participate in the eucharistic liturgy and gather together in prayer.
The building was completed within two years, and Bishop Emmanuel Galea blessed the church and consecrated the marble altar on 13 February 1966.
He managed to complete the church with plastering, woodworks, lighting, floor tiles, benches and other amenities, and also commissioned the titular statue of Our Lady, which was to be the focal point of the church.
The late Emvin Cremona designed the splendid sculpture, which was carved out from a single block of wood by Vincent Moroder of Ortisei, Italy.
This tabernacle is presently positioned in the hall under the church parvis, while the set of angels is temporarily held in storage.
Fr Vincent organised various social activities and the eager response of the community showed the importance of the church as a social centre.
Fr Schembri was given the brief to construct a parish church in the centre of nearby Pembroke which meant that the Tal-Ibrag church would remain a chapel.
This decision was a disappointment to the local community who wished the parish church to be the heart of the area.
Within a year the building was completed and on Christmas Eve 1995 the Evening Vigil Mass was celebrated in the new church.
Dalli not only undertook the task of seeing to the building of the church, but he also embarked on building a very active community with many lay people involved in providing a service to the community.
Fr Dalli commissioned the artist Marco Cremona to start work on a very large crucifix that would be affixed to the wall behind the altar.
The Way of the Cross, which was damaged when vandals set the church on fire on 13 June 1995, was also restored.
Two new Stations of the Cross - one representing the Last Supper and the other of the Risen Christ - were also commissioned.
On Easter Sunday, 4 April 1999, the church was declared a parish under the title of Immaculate Mary Mother of the Church.
There has been a decline in PN fortunes over these past few years though perhaps due to the emergence of Professor Arnold Cassola who is now a general secretary of the Green Party in Europe.
Swieqi is the former hometown of Dolores Cristina, former Minister for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport and currently acting President, and Michael Frendo, former Minister for Foreign Affairs.
It is the aim of the Councils to lay out the foundations for a new and profound relationship of friendship and solidarity.
In July 2002, eleven youths from Swieqi participated in a youth exchange programme, mainly financed by the European Union's programme YOUTHS.
In the Middle Ages, when the area of the Swieqi Local Council formed part of the Birkirkara Parish, Swieqi was just a stretch of public land void of any buildings.
In the first few twenty years of the 16th century, a certain Augustinu Borg occupied a piece of land in Swieqi, in an area known as Nadur Callel.
A couple of Birkirkara residents, amongst them Ġorġ Lanza Zarb, could not bear to see public land to be stolen so selfishly.
On 29 August 1533, the court decided that the plot on which Augustinu Borg built was public land and therefore it ordered that this be classified as ‘reduci ad pristinum publicum statum’, meaning that the land was to be restored to its original state.
Despite being the oldest organization in the locality, the club is nevertheless one of the youngest football clubs in Malta and its committee is composed of residents of Swieqi.
Swieqi United is often referred to as: 'Swieqi's Pride' since the club has successfully exported Swieqi's name across the island and made the locality much more visible on the sporting and international arena.
Rainham is a part of the Medway Towns conurbation its population often included under Gillingham in the unitary authority of Medway, in South East England, and part of the ceremonial county of Kent.
Historically, Rainham was a separate village until, in 1928, it was added to the Municipal Borough of Gillingham, which was originally created in 1903 and was grouped into the latter's built-up area in analysis of the 2011 census by the Office for National Statistics.
It became part of the Medway authority when Gillingham was incorporated with the other towns to form Medway Unitary Authority in 1998.
It has its own leisure and retail hub and unlike Gillingham has a traditional area broadly to the south and which since the late 20th century is largely residential housing.
Rainham occupies a large stretch of land from the dip slope of a moderate rise of the North Downs of about above sea level, descending to a frontage on the River Medway's natural harbour to the north.
The area towards Gillingham is known as Rainham Mark, named after an old ecclesiastical boundary: and Macklands is an older part of the town to the north.
The manor house was home to members of the Mackay family, who owned a printing company in Chatham, which has now become CPi Books.
When the railway came in 1858 it brought an almost immediate increase in the size of the village; when the Chatham Main Line was electrified in 1959, as with all the places served by it, town growth began again.
Five Iraqi Air Force jets violate the no-fly zone over southern Iraq and two others violate the no-fly zone over northern Iraq.
The United States claims that Iraqi aircraft have violated the two no-fly zones a total of 70 times since Operation Desert Fox took place in mid-December 1998.
Knutson was a strong supporter of creating an independent western Canada, in which the west would become sovereign from Canada's federal government.
With the advent Canada's National Energy Program in 1980, which gave the federal government more control over oil and gas resources in western Canada, he founded the Western Canada Federation (West-Fed), a non-partisan organization to fight the federal Liberal Party.
Knutson held the belief that the 1931 Statute of Westminster, which granted legislative equality with the United Kingdom to Canada, also granted sovereignty to the provinces, because the provinces had not individually signed on to confederation.
Many West-Fed members eventually left the organization to join the Victoria-based Western Canada Concept (WCC) party which, unlike West-Fed, fielded candidates in elections.
He tried his hand at provincial politics in two by-elections as well as the 1986 Alberta General Election in the Olds-Didsbury riding, and came up second.
He worked on road gangs, in lumber camps and mines until he won a baseball scholarship to a Lutheran college in North Dakota, USA.
It started on 15 March 1815 when King Joachim Murat declared war on Austria and ended on 20 May 1815 with the signing of the Treaty of Casalanza.
The war occurred during the Hundred Days between Napoleon's return from exile and before he left Paris to be decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
The war was triggered by a pro-Napoleon uprising in Naples, and ended with a decisive Austrian victory at the Battle of Tolentino after which Bourbon monarch Ferdinand IV was reinstated as King of Naples and Sicily.
However, after defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz and the Treaty of Pressburg, Ferdinand was forced to cede Naples to the French in early 1806.
As defeat in the War of the Sixth Coalition loomed, Murat increasingly moved away from Napoleon, eventually signing a treaty with Austria in January 1814 and joined the Allied side.
But as the Congress of Vienna progressed, Murat's position became less and less secure as there was growing support to restore Ferdinand to the throne.
The most vocal of all Murat's opponents was the United Kingdom, which had never recognised Murat's claim to the throne and moreover had been guarding Ferdinand in Sicily, ensuring he retained the Sicilian throne.
When Murat was informed of Napoleon's plan to escape from exile in Elba on 1 March 1815, Murat sided with him once more, and declared war on Austria as soon as he learned of Napoleon's return to France.
Joachim Murat declared war on Austria on 15 March 1815, five days before Napoleon's return to Paris and the beginning of his Hundred Days.
The Austrians were prepared for war, after their suspicions were raised when Murat applied for permission weeks earlier to move his troops through Austrian land in order to attack the south of France.
At the start of the war, Murat reportedly had 82,000 men in his army, including 7,000 cavalry and 90 cannon, although this figure was grossly exaggerated to try to encourage Italians to join his cause.
On 30 March, Murat had arrived in Rimini, where he gave the famous Rimini Proclamation, inciting all Italian nationalists to war.
Under the terms settled by the Congress of Vienna, direct Austrian rule was restored in the Duchy of Milan 19 years after .
Murat was hoping that an Austrian army in Naples would prove too much, and that the Italian population would rise up in support of his cause.
However, no such general insurrection occurred as any unrest was quickly quashed by the Austrian authorities and Murat found few Italians outside Naples were willing to take up arms and join his cause.
By now, the number of Austrian troops in Lombardy had swelled to 120,000 and the commander entrusted with the force to confront Murat was Baron Frimont.
The army was originally intended to invade southern France after Napoleon's return, but now had to be diverted to face the approaching Neapolitan army.
Meanwhile, on the same day that Murat gave the Rimini Proclamation, the Austrian advance guard under the command of General Bianchi was beaten back at an engagement near Cesena.
Bianchi retreated towards Modena and took up a defensive line behind the River Panaro, allowing Murat to take Bologna on 3 April.
Following the battle, the division under the command of General Carrascosa immediately occupied Modena, Carpi and Reggio Emilia, whilst Murat moved against Ferrara.
However, the garrison in Ferrara withstood the best efforts of the Neapolitans to take the citadel, tying up a large number of Neapolitan troops in a costly siege.
Murat had received little reinforcement from the Italian populace up to this point but he hoped he would find more support north of the Po River, which was under direct Austrian rule.
The region had once been part of the Kingdom of Italy, a French client republic, and it had been reported that about 40,000 men, mostly veterans of Napoleon's campaigns, were ready to join Murat once he arrived in Milan.
Meanwhile, the two Guard Divisions Murat had sent into the Papal States had passed unmolested into Tuscany and by 8 April had occupied Florence, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
The Grand Duke fled to Pisa, whilst the Austrian garrison in Florence under the command of General Nugent was forced to retreat to Pistoia, with the Neapolitan army in pursuit.
But with reinforcements arriving from the north, and his army in a strong defensive position, Nugent was able to turn and halt the Neapolitan pursuit.
Murat's attempts to cross the River Po proved unsuccessful and after two days of heavy fighting, the Neapolitans fell back after suffering over 2,000 casualties.
He ordered a corps under the command of Bianchi to advance on Carpi, which was guarded by a brigade under the command of Guglielmo Pepe.
However, Carrascosa, who was in command of the Neapolitan troops around Modena, saw the Austrian trap and ordered a retreat to a defensive line behind the Panaro where he was joined by the remainder of his division, which had been evacuated from Reggio Emilia and Modena.
By 15 April, the Austrians had retaken Florence and when the news reached Murat, he ordered a general retreat of his main force back to their original headquarters in Ancona.
With the road to Florence now clear and the Italian peninsula opening up in front of him, Frimont ordered two corps south to deal with Murat once and for all.
Bianchi's corps was ordered to march towards Foligno via Florence in an attempt to threaten the rear of the Neapolitans and to cut off their line of direct retreat, whilst Neipperg's corps was sent into direct pursuit of Murat as he retired to Ancona.
With the war turning in Austria's favour, Frimont was ordered back to Lombardy to oversee the army that was now amassing in preparation for an invasion of France.
A large portion of the Austrian force was also recalled, leaving only three Austrian corps totalling around 35,000 men in Italy.
Murat, who placed too much faith in his Guard Divisions and believing they would be able to halt the advance of Bianchi and Nugent, retreated slowly, even turning to check the pursuit at the Ronco and Savio rivers.
Murat hurried his retreat and by late April, his main force had arrived safely in Ancona, where he was reunited with his two Guard Divisions.
Arriving in Florence on 20 April, they had reached their target of Foligno by 26 April and now threatened Murat's line of retreat.
Neipperg's corps was still in pursuit and by 29 April, his advanced guard had arrived in Fano, just two days' march away.
Much like Napoleon's tactics before Waterloo, Murat sent a division under Carrascosa north to stall Neipperg whilst his main force headed west to face Bianchi.
Murat originally planned to face Bianchi near the town of Tolentino, but on 29 April, Bianchi's advance guard succeeded in driving out the small Neapolitan garrison there.
After two days of inconclusive fighting, Murat learned that Neipperg had outmanoeuvred and defeated Carrascosa at the Battle of Scapezzano and was approaching.
The battle had severely damaged the morale of the Neapolitan troops and many senior officers had been casualties in the battle.
On 5 May, a joint Anglo-Austrian fleet began a blockade of Ancona, eventually taking the entire garrison of the city as prisoners.
By 12 May, Bianchi, who was now in command of both his and Neipperg's corps, had taken the town of L'Aquila along with its castle.
Here, Murat attempted to check Nugent's advance but with the main Austrian force under Bianchi in pursuit, Murat was forced to call off the action on 16 May.
Murat was forced to flee to Corsica and later Cannes disguised as a sailor on a Danish ship, after a British fleet blockading Naples destroyed all the Neapolitan gunboats in the harbour.
On 20 May, Neapolitan Generals Pepe and Carrascosa sued for peace and concluded the Treaty of Casalanza with the Austrians, bringing the war to an end.
Five days after he landed at Pizzo, he was executed in the town's castle, exhorting the firing squad to spare his face.
Shortly after the end of the war, the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were finally united to create the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Although the two kingdoms had been ruled by the same king since 1735, the formal union did not happen until 1816.
Although Murat failed to save his crown, or to start a popular nationalist movement with the Rimini Proclamation, Murat had ignited a debate for Italian unification.
The intervention of Austria only heightened the fact the Habsburgs were the single most powerful opponent to unification, which would eventually lead to three wars of independence against the Austrians.
Poisoning results in nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea, while severe poisoning can result in convulsions, jaundice, or even coma or death.
Experts speculated the reaction was more of an allergic one specific to the consumer, or a misidentification, rather than innate toxicity of the fungus, due to the wide range in effects seen.
Some would suffer severely or perish while others exhibited no symptoms after eating similar amounts of mushrooms from the same dish.
In 1885, Böhm and Külz described helvellic acid, an oily substance they believed to be responsible for the toxicity of the fungus.
These other compounds would also produce monomethylhydrazine when hydrolyzed, although it remains unclear how much each contributes to the false morel's toxicity.
This reduces production of the neurotransmitter GABA via decreased activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, which gives rise to the neurological symptoms.
Based on this conversion, the LD of MMH in humans has been estimated to be 1.6–4.8 mg/kg in children, and 4.8–8 mg/kg in adults.
The gyromitrin content in false morels has been reported to be in the range of 40–732 milligrams of gyromitrin per kilogram of mushrooms (wet weight).
Gyromitrin is volatile and water soluble, and can be mostly removed from the mushrooms by cutting them to small pieces and repeatedly boiling them in copious amounts of water under good ventilation.
The early methods developed for the determination of gyromitrin concentration in mushroom tissue were based on thin-layer chromatography and spectrofluorometry, or the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine.
A 2006 study reported an analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with detection levels at the parts per billion level.
The method, which involves acid hydrolysis of gyromitrin followed by derivatization with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride, has a minimum detectable concentration equivalent to 0.3 microgram of gyromitrin per gram of dry matter.
Symptoms occur within 6–12 hours of consumption, although cases of more severe poisoning may present sooner—as little as 2 hours after ingestion.
Dizziness, lethargy, vertigo, tremor, ataxia, nystagmus, and headaches develop soon after; fever often occurs, a distinctive feature which does not develop after poisoning by other types of mushrooms.
In most cases of poisoning, symptoms do not progress from these initial symptoms, and patients recover after 2–6 days of illness.
In some cases there may be an asymptomatic phase following the initial symptoms which is then followed by more significant toxicity including kidney damage, liver damage, and neurological dysfunction including seizures and coma.
The patient develops jaundice and the liver and spleen become enlarged, in some cases blood sugar levels will rise (hyperglycemia) and then fall (hypoglycemia) and liver toxicity is seen.
Additionally, intravascular hemolysis causes destruction of red blood cells resulting in increases in free hemoglobin and hemoglobinuria, which can lead to kidney toxicity or kidney failure.
This is where higher than normal levels of methemoglobin—a form of hemoglobin that can not carry oxygen—are found in the blood.
Cases of severe poisoning may progress to a terminal neurological phase, with delirium, muscle fasciculations and seizures, and mydriasis progressing to coma, circulatory collapse, and respiratory arrest.
Treatment is mainly supportive; gastric decontamination with activated charcoal may be beneficial if medical attention is sought within a few hours of consumption.
However, symptoms often take longer than this to develop, and patients do not usually present for treatment until many hours after ingestion, thus limiting its effectiveness.
Monitoring of biochemical parameters such as methemoglobin levels, electrolytes, liver and kidney function, urinalysis, and complete blood count is undertaken and any abnormalities are corrected.
Hemolysis may require a blood transfusion to replace the lost red blood cells, while methemoglobinemia is treated with intravenous methylene blue.
Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B, can be used to counteract the inhibition by MMH on the pyridoxine-dependent step in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA.
Pyridoxine, which is only useful for the neurological symptoms and does not decrease hepatic toxicity, is given at a dose of 25 mg/kg; this can be repeated up to a maximum total of 15 to 30 g daily if symptoms do not improve.
Additionally MMH inhibits the chemical transformation of folic acid into its active form, folinic acid, this can be treated by folinic acid given at 20–200 mg daily.
Legislation concerning local government in England is decided by the Parliament and Government of the United Kingdom, because England does not have a devolved parliament or regional assemblies, outside Greater London.
Combined authorities were introduced in England outside Greater London by the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 to cover areas larger than the existing local authorities but smaller than the regions.
Combined authorities are created voluntarily and allow a group of local authorities to pool appropriate responsibility and receive certain delegated functions from central government in order to deliver transport and economic policy more effectively over a wider area.
There are currently 10 such authorities, with the Greater Manchester Combined Authority established on 1 April 2011, Liverpool City Region Combined Authority and three others in April 2014, two in 2016, two in 2017 and one in 2018.
In some areas there is a county council responsible for services such as education, waste management and strategic planning within a county, with several non-metropolitan district councils responsible for services such as housing, waste collection and local planning.
There are in total 343 principal councils, including the Corporation of London and the Council of the Isles of Scilly, but not the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, the last two of which are also local authorities for some purposes.
Councils such as districts, counties and unitaries are known as principal local authorities in order to differentiate them in their legal status from parish and town councils, which are not uniform in their existence.
In some districts, the rural area is parished and the urban is not — such as the Borough of Hinckley and Bosworth, where the town of Hinckley is unparished and has no local councils, while the countryside around the town is parished.
In others, there is a more complex mixture, as in the case of the Borough of Kettering, where the small towns of Burton Latimer, Desborough and Rothwell are parished, while Kettering town itself is not.
In addition, among the rural parishes, two share a joint parish council and two have no council but are governed by an annual parish meeting.
The current arrangement of local government in England is the result of a range of incremental measures which have their origins in the municipal reform of the 19th century.
During the 20th century, the structure of local government was reformed and rationalised, with local government areas becoming fewer and larger, and the functions of local councils amended.
The chairman of the council itself has authority to conduct the business of meetings of the full council, including the selection of the agenda, but otherwise the chairmanship is considered an honorary position with no real power outside the council meeting.
In certain cities the mayor is known as the Lord Mayor; this is an honour which must be granted by Letters Patent from the Crown.
Boroughs are in many cases descendants of municipal boroughs set up hundreds of years ago, and so have a number of traditions and ceremonial functions attached to the mayor's office.
Where a council would have both civic mayor, namely the chairman of the council, and an executive mayor, it has become usual for the chairman to take the simple title 'Chairman' or 'Chair'.
Leaders typically chair several important committees, and receive a higher allowance to reflect their additional responsibilities, but they have no special, legal authority.
Under section 15 the Local Government and Housing Act 1989, committees must roughly reflect the political party makeup of the council; before it was permitted for a party with control of the council to 'pack' committees with their own members.
This pattern was based on that established for municipal boroughs by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and then later adopted for county councils and rural districts.
In 2000, Parliament passed the Local Government Act 2000 requiring councils to move to an executive-based system, either with the council leader and a cabinet acting as an executive authority, or with a directly elected mayor — with either having a cabinet drawn from the councillors — or a mayor and council manager.
There was a small exception to this whereby smaller district councils (population of less than 85,000) can adopt a modified committee system.
Most councils used the council leader and cabinet option, while 52 smaller councils were allowed to propose alternative arrangements based on the older system (Section 31 of the Act), and Brighton and Hove invoked a similar provision (Section 27(2)(b)) when a referendum to move to a directly elected mayor was defeated.
Several of the mayors originally elected were independents (notably in Tower Hamlets and Middlesbrough, which in parliamentary elections are usually Labour Party strongholds).
Since May 2002, only a handful of referendums have been held, and they have mostly been negative, with only a few exceptions.
In a related development, the Health and Social Care Act 2001, Police and Justice Act 2006, and 2006 local government white paper set out a role for local government Overview and Scrutiny in creating greater local accountability for a range of public-sector organisations.
Committee system councils have no direct 'scrutiny' role, with the decisions being scrutinised as they are taken by the committee, and potentially referred to full council for review.
There is no requirement for the size of wards to be the same within a district, so one ward can return one member and another ward can return two.
Metropolitan borough wards must return a multiple of three councillors, while until the Local Government Act 2003 multiple-member county electoral divisions were forbidden.
There is no element of proportional representation, so if four candidates from the Mauve Party poll 2,000 votes each, and four candidates from the Taupe Party poll 1,750 votes each, all four Mauve candidates will be returned, and no Taupe candidates will.
Councils may be elected wholly, every four years, or 'by thirds', where a third of the councillors get elected each year, with one year with no elections.
Sometimes wholesale boundary revisions will mean the entire council will be re-elected, before returning to the previous elections by thirds or by halves over the coming years.
Councillors cannot do the work of the council themselves, and so are responsible for appointment and oversight of officers, who are delegated to perform most tasks.
Local authorities nowadays may appoint a 'Chief Executive Officer', with overall responsibility for council employees, and who operates in conjunction with department heads.
Church Action on Poverty surveyed over 150 local authority run schemes and found just under a quarter had closed since 2013 and another quarter cut spending by 85% or more.
Ending local welfare would make tens of thousands of vulnerable people increasingly at risk of hunger, debt and destitution according to Church Action on Poverty.
Local welfare was devised to help poor people manage unexpected hardship, like lack of money due to benefit payment problems, or issues like broken boilers, house fires and flooding.
Local councils are funded by a combination of central government grants, Council Tax (a locally set tax based on house value), Business Rates, and fees and charges from certain services including decriminalised parking enforcement.
The New Local Government Network maintains most local authorities will only be able to provide the bare minimum of services five years from 2018.
The other main central government grant - the Revenue Support Grant - is not hypothecated, and can be spent as the council wishes.
Since 2013, a varyingly sized chunk of Business Rates is retained locally, and only the remainder is pooled and redistributed; the redistribution is according to a very basic formula, based mainly on the size of the 2013 Formula Grant to the relevant council, and is now provided to the council independently of the Revenue Support Grant.
Councils can raise the level of council tax as they wish, but must hold a local referendum on the matter, if they wish to raise it above a certain threshold set by central government, currently 3%.
Precepting authorities do not collect Council Tax directly, but instruct a billing authority to do it on their behalf by setting a precept.
The precept shows up as an independent element on official information sent to council tax payers, but the council bill will cover the combined amount (the precepts plus the core council tax).
Levying bodies are similar to precepting authorities, but instead of imposing a charge on billing authorities, the amount to be deducted is decided by negotiation.
A portion of the RSG money paid to each authority is diverted to fund organisations that provide improvement and research services to local government (this is referred to as the RSG top-slice), for example the Local Government Association.
The most populous district in England is Birmingham (a metropolitan borough) with 1,073,045 people (2011 census), and the least populous non-metropolitan unitary area is Rutland with 37,369.
Revisions are usually undertaken to avoid borders straddling new development, to bring them back into line with a diverted watercourse, or to align them with roads or other features.
Confusingly, such districts sometimes have city status, and so, for example, the City of Canterbury contains several towns apart from Canterbury, which have distinct identities.
Similarly, the City of Winchester contains a number of large villages and extensive countryside, which is quite distinct from the main settlement of Winchester.
They can be named after historic subdivisions (Broxtowe, Spelthorne), rivers (Eden, Arun), a modified or alternative version of their main town's name (Harborough, Wycombe), a combination of main town and geographical feature (Newark and Sherwood) or after a geographical feature in the district (Cotswold, Cannock Chase).
In a handful of cases entirely new names have been devised, examples being Castle Point, Thamesdown (subsequently renamed as Swindon) and Wychavon.
Councils have a general power to change the name of the district, and consequently their own name, under section 74 of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater London is further divided into 32 London boroughs, each governed by a London borough council, and the City of London, which is governed by the City of London Corporation.
In the London boroughs the legal entity is not the council as elsewhere but the inhabitants incorporated as a legal entity by royal charter (a process abolished elsewhere in England and Wales under the Local Government Act 1972).
Joint boards are not directly elected but are made up of councillors appointed from the authorities which are covered by the service.
Typically, joint boards are created to avoid splitting up certain services when unitary authorities are created, or a county or regional council is abolished.
In other cases, if several authorities are considered too small (in terms of either geographic size or population) to run a service effectively by themselves, joint boards are established.
In several areas a joint police force is used which covers several counties: for example, the Thames Valley Police (in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire) and the West Mercia Police (in Shropshire, Telford and Wrekin, Herefordshire and Worcestershire).
In the six metropolitan counties, the metropolitan borough councils also appoint members to joint county-wide passenger transport authorities to oversee public transport, and joint waste disposal authorities, which were created after the county councils were abolished.
Joint boards were used extensively in Greater London when the Greater London Council was abolished, to avoid splitting up some London-wide services.
The business vote was abolished for other parts of the country in 1969, but due to the low resident population of the City this was thought impractical.
The White Paper did not deal with the issues of local government funding or of reform or replacement of the Council Tax, which was awaiting the final report of the Lyons Review.
It proposed to reduce the level of central government oversight over local authorities by removing centrally set performance targets, and statutory controls of the Secretary of State over parish councils, by-laws, and electoral arrangements.
The white paper proposed that the existing prohibition on parish councils in Greater London would be abolished, and making new parishes easier to set up.
The reforms strengthen the council executives, and provided an option between a directly elected mayor, a directly elected executive, or an indirectly elected leader – all with a fixed four-year term.
It has however created the Greater Manchester Combined Authority and signalled intent, under the 'City Deals' process promoted under the Localism Act, to create further combined authorities for the North East, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire as nascent city regions.
The Local authority leaders' boards also had their funding cut in 2011, though continue as unelected consultative forums and as regional groupings for the Local Government Association.
Further consolidation of local government through the formation of unitary authorities in existing two-tier areas have been proposed under the premiership of Theresa May.
One of the authorities would consist of the existing unitary authorities of Bournemouth, Poole and the non-metropolitan district of Christchurch, the other would be composed of the remainder of the county.
Statutory instruments for the creation of two unitary authorities, to be named Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council and Dorset Council, have been made and shadow authorities for the new council areas have been formed.
One plan would have seen the abolition of the four district councils resulting in the existing county council becoming a unitary authority.
The other plan would have seen the formation of two unitary authorities: one authority would be formed through the merger of the three existing districts of Chiltern, South Bucks and Wycombe, with the other formed by the existing Aylesbury Vale district becoming a unitary authority.
In March 2018, then Communities Secretary Sajid Javid indicated that the single unitary authority option would be pursued over the two unitary authority model.
The new unitary council will be established in 2020, and the district councils will be asked whether they wish to have their scheduled 2019 elections cancelled.
In March 2018, an independent report commissioned by the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, proposed structural changes to local government in Northamptonshire.
These changes would see the existing county council and district councils abolished and two new unitary authorities created in their place.
One authority would consist of the existing districts of Daventry, Northampton and South Northamptonshire and the other authority would consist of Corby, East Northamptonshire, Kettering and Wellingborough districts.
The GSD was the governing party in Gibraltar for four successive terms in office under the leadership of Peter Caruana from the 1996 general election until the party's electoral defeat in the 2011 election by the GSLP–Liberal Alliance.
As a result, 60.6% of the votes (from executives and members of the party) had gone to support rejoined GSD member, Keith Azopardi, who was a minister and Deputy Chief Minister under the first few years of Peter Caruana's run as Chief Minister.
The party emerged, after the collapse of the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights, as the main opposition to the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP).
The merger was unpopular with many members of both parties, causing some high-profile GSD members to resign their membership, including deputy leader Keith Azopardi and executive member Nick Cruz, who went on to form the short-lived Progressive Democratic Party.
In January 2013, Peter Caruana (who was the then Leader of the Opposition), announced he was stepping down as leader and taking up a backbench position until his 4-year term was over.
The party supports the current constitutional status of Gibraltar as an autonomous British overseas territory and is opposed to any proposal of joint British–Spanish sovereignty.
The GSD has traditionally been less hostile in its attitude to Spain than its main rival, the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party.
In the 1991 by-election to the Gibraltar House of Assembly, following the resignation of GSD Leader Peter Montegriffo, Peter Caruana was elected party leader and won 61.81% of the popular vote to fill in the vacant seat.
In the 2007 election to the newly named (and reorganised) Gibraltar Parliament, the party won 49.33% of the popular vote and 10 seats.
In the 2011 election, the party won 46.76% of the popular vote and 7 seats, unable to secure a fifth term.
Gibraltar is part of the South West England constituency in the European parliament and its major parties form joint ticket alliances with the major UK parties.
On graduating with a 2.1, Appleton left the UK for Poland, where he took to writing poetry and helped to edit a children's anthology, as well as teaching at the University of Gdansk.
Since 2004, he has also drawn inspiration from outside the Buddhist world, working with ayahuasca at the Spirit Vine Ayahuasca Retreat Center in Brazil.
In 2014, he completed an MA in Advanced psychotherapy at the Minster Centre in London and he now practises as a psychotherapist in Brighton.
In 2000, he converted to Buddhism, and teaches meditation in retreats and classes across the UK – notably, on the Holy Island, his spiritual home.
In line with most liberal parties, the party describes their political philosophy as being based on notions of people deciding their own future, and are committed to Gibraltarian self-determination regarding constitutional arrangements.
In the 1992 election to the Gibraltar House of Assembly, the party (as the GNP) won 4.7%% of the popular vote and no seats.
In the 1999 by-election, following the death of GSLP Opposition MP Robert Mor, Liberal Party leader Dr. Joseph Garcia won 51.46% of the popular vote and the seat.
In the 2007 election to the newly named (and re-organized) Gibraltar Parliament, the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 13.65% of the popular vote and 3 seats.
In the 2011 election, the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 14.64% of the popular vote and 3 seats forming the new Government of Gibraltar.
In the 2013 by-election, following the death of Housing Minister Charles Bruzon (GSLP), the Liberal Party backed the GSLP candidate Albert Isola, who has won 49.84% of the popular vote to fill in the vacant seat.
Gibraltar is part of the South West England constituency in the European parliament and its major parties form joint ticket alliances with the major UK parties.
The Liberal Party of Gibraltar is a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, having joined the latter in November 2014.
It is also a 'Sister Party' of the United Kingdom Liberal Democrats and contests the South-West England constituency at European Parliamentary elections on a joint ticket with them taking place six on the party list.
It was released in September 1976 on United Artists Records in the U.S., and on 19 November 1976 on Jet Records in the United Kingdom.
It became a global success and reached multi-platinum status in the US and UK, The album sold five million units worldwide within its first year of release.
Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals.
This form of communication is characterized by multiple channels and scholars argue that nonverbal communication can convey more meaning than verbal communication.
Ray Birdwhistell concludes that nonverbal communication accounts for 60–70 percent of human communication, although according to other researchers the communication type is not quantifiable or does not reflect modern human communication, especially when people rely so much on written means.
Charles Darwin started to study nonverbal communication as he noticed the interactions between animals and realized they also communicated by gestures and expressions.
It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).
It can also include the use of time (chronemics) and eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate (oculesics).
Just as speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, loudness, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and stress, so written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.
However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on interaction between individuals, where it can be classified into three principal areas: environmental conditions where communication takes place, physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during interaction.
The Nonverbal encoding sequence includes facial expressions, gestures, posture, tone of voice, tactile stimulation such as touch, and body movements, like when someone moves closer to communicate or steps away due to spatial boundaries.
The Decoding processes involves the use of received sensations combined with previous experience with understanding the meaning of communications with others.
Culture plays an important role in nonverbal communication, and it is one aspect that helps to influence how learning activities are organized.
In many Indigenous American Communities, for example, there is often an emphasis on nonverbal communication, which acts as a valued means by which children learn.
In this sense, learning is not dependent on verbal communication; rather, it is nonverbal communication which serves as a primary means of not only organizing interpersonal interactions, but also conveying cultural values, and children learn how to participate in this system from a young age.
Nonverbal communication strengthens a first impression in common situations like attracting a partner or in a business interview: impressions are on average formed within the first four seconds of contact.
When the other person or group is absorbing the message, they are focused on the entire environment around them, meaning the other person uses all five senses in the interaction: 83% sight, 11% hearing, 3% smell, 2% touch and 1% taste.
Darwin attributed these facial expressions to serviceable associated habits, which are behaviors that earlier in our evolutionary history had specific and direct functions.
For example, a species that attacked by biting, baring the teeth was a necessary act before an assault and wrinkling the nose reduced the inhalation of foul odors.
In response to the question asking why facial expressions persist even when they no longer serve their original purposes, Darwin's predecessors have developed a highly valued explanation.
Despite the introduction of nonverbal communication in the 1800s, the emergence of behaviorism in the 1920s paused further research on nonverbal communication.
Behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner trained pigeons to engage in various behaviors to demonstrate how animals engage in behaviors with rewards.
While most psychology researchers were exploring behaviorism, the study of nonverbal communication began in 1955 by Adam Kendon, Albert Scheflen, and Ray Birdwhistell.
This method was later used in studying the sequence and structure of human greetings, social behaviors at parties, and the function of posture during interpersonal interaction.
Robert Rosenthal discovered that expectations made by teachers and researchers can influence their outcomes, and that subtle, nonverbal cues may play an important role in this process.
In 1970, Argyle hypothesized that although spoken language is used for communicating the meaning about events external to the person communicating, the nonverbal codes are used to create and strengthen interpersonal relationships.
When someone wishes to avoid conflicting or embarrassing events during communication, it is considered proper and correct by the hypothesis to communicate attitudes towards others non-verbally instead of verbally.
Along with this philosophy, Michael Argyle also found and concluded in 1988 that there are five main functions of nonverbal body behavior and gestures in human communications: self-presentation of one's whole personality, rituals and cultural greetings, expressing interpersonal attitudes, expressing emotions, and to accompany speech in managing the cues set in the interactions between the speaker and the listener.
Posture is a nonverbal cue that is associated with positioning and that these two are used as sources of information about individual's characteristics, attitudes, and feelings about themselves and other people.
There are many different types of body positioning to portray certain postures, including slouching, towering, legs spread, jaw thrust, shoulders forward, and arm crossing.
It can also be effectively used as a way for an individual to convey a desire to increase, limit, or avoid interaction with another person.
Studies investigating the impact of posture on interpersonal relationships suggest that mirror-image congruent postures, where one person's left side is parallel to the other person's right side, leads to favorable perception of communicators and positive speech; a person who displays a forward lean or decreases a backward lean also signifies positive sentiment during communication.
This can be demonstrated in the case of relaxed posture when an individual is within a nonthreatening situation and the way one's body tightens or become rigid when under stress.
The types of clothing that an individual wears convey nonverbal cues about his or her personality, background and financial status, and how others will respond to them.
Similarly, clothing can communicate what nationality a person or group is; for example, in traditional festivities Scottish men often wear kilts to specify their culture.
In this case, clothing is used as a form of self-expression in which people can flaunt their power, wealth, sex appeal, or creativity.
A study of the clothing worn by women attending discothèques, carried out in Vienna, Austria, showed that in certain groups of women (especially women who were without their partners), motivation for sex and levels of sexual hormones were correlated with aspects of their clothing, especially the amount of skin displayed and the presence of sheer clothing.
In fact, there was a study done at the University of North Carolina, which compared the way undergraduate women chose to dress and their personality types.
Gestures may be made with the hands, arms or body, and also include movements of the head, face and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or rolling one's eyes.
Speech-related gestures are used in parallel with verbal speech; this form of nonverbal communication is used to emphasize the message that is being communicated.
With all the various muscles that precisely control mouth, lips, eyes, nose, forehead, and jaw, human faces are estimated to be capable of more than ten thousand different expressions.
Negative emotions usually manifest as increased tension in various muscle groups: tightening of jaw muscles, furrowing of forehead, squinting eyes, or lip occlusion (when the lips seemingly disappear).
In contrast, positive emotions are revealed by the loosening of the furrowed lines on the forehead, relaxation of the muscles around the mouth, and widening of the eye area.
When individuals are truly relaxed and at ease, the head will also tilt to the side, exposing our most vulnerable area, the neck.
Though they do accompany speech, conversational gestures are not seen in the absence of speech and are only made by the person who is speaking.
According to Edward T. Hall, the amount of space we maintain between ourselves and the persons with whom we are communicating shows the importance of the science of proxemics.
Within American culture Hall defines four primary distance zones: (i) intimate (touching to eighteen inches) distance, (ii) personal (eighteen inches to four feet) distance, (iii) social (four to twelve feet) distance, and (iv) public (more than twelve feet) distance.
Eye contact is the instance when two people look at each other's eyes at the same time; it is the primary nonverbal way of indicating engagement, interest, attention and involvement.
The length of a gaze, the frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate are all important cues in nonverbal communication.
It is typical for people who are detecting lies to rely consistently on verbal cues but this can hinder how well they detect deception.
Those who are lying and those who are telling the truth possess different forms of nonverbal and verbal cues and this is important to keep in mind.
In addition, it is important to note that understanding the cultural background of a person will influence how easily deception is detectable because nonverbal cues may differ depending on the culture.
In addition to eye contact these nonverbal cues can consist of physiological aspects including pulse rate as well as levels of perspiration.
The more clues that were available to those watching, the larger was the trend that interviewees who actually lied were judged to be truthful.
That is, people that are clever at lying can use tone of voice and facial expressions to give the impression that they are truthful.
In an attempt to be more convincing, liars deliberately made more eye contact with interviewers than those that were telling the truth.
However, there are many cited examples of cues to deceit, delivered via nonverbal (paraverbal and visual) communication channels, through which deceivers supposedly unwittingly provide clues to their concealed knowledge or actual opinions.
Vrij, 2008), although a recent study also demonstrated bodily movement differences between truth-tellers and liars using an automated body motion capture system.
Chronemics, how people handle time, can be categorized in two ways: polychronic which is when people do many activities at once and is common in Italy and Spain, or monochronic which is when people do one thing at a time which is common in America.
Because nonverbal communication can vary across many axes—gestures, gaze, clothing, posture, direction, or even environmental cues like lighting—there is a lot of room for cultural differences.
In Japan, a country which prides itself on the best customer service, workers tend to use wide arm gestures to give clear directions to strangers—accompanied by the ever-present bow to indicate respect.
In Western countries, it can be seen as mockery, but in Polynesia it serves as a greeting and a sign of reverence.
There are many ways of waving goodbye: Americans face the palm outward and move the hand side to side, Italians face the palm inward and move the fingers facing the other person, French and Germans face the hand horizontal and move the fingers toward the person leaving.
For people in Westernized countries, laughter is a sign of amusement, but in some parts of Africa it is a sign of wonder or embarrassment.
The Yoruba (Nigeria) have taught their children to follow certain nonverbal commands, such as winking, which tells them it's time to leave the room.
The author states that nonverbal communication is very important to be aware of, especially if comparing gestures, gaze, and tone of voice amongst different cultures.
As Latin American cultures embrace big speech gestures, Middle Eastern cultures are relatively more modest in public and are not expressive.
In Hispanic, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Native American cultures, eye contact is thought to be disrespectful or rude, and lack of eye contact does not mean that a person is not paying attention.
In Latin America and the Middle East the acceptable distance is much shorter than what most Europeans and Americans feel comfortable with.
This is why an American or a European might wonder why the other person is invading his or her personal space by standing so close, while the other person might wonder why the American/European is standing so far from him or her.
In addition, for Latin Americans, the French, Italians, and Arabs the distance between people is much closer than the distance for Americans; in general for these close distance groups, 1 foot of distance is for lovers, 1.5–4 feet of distance is for family and friends, and 4–12 feet is for strangers.
Nonverbal communication is pivotal for collaborative participation in shared activities, as children from indigenous American communities will learn how to interact using nonverbal communication by intently observing adults.
Culture plays an important role in nonverbal communication, and it is one aspect that helps to influence how learning activities are organized.
In many Indigenous American Communities, for example, there is often an emphasis on nonverbal communication, which acts as a valued means by which children learn.
A key characteristic of this type of nonverbal learning is that children have the opportunity to observe and interact with all parts of an activity.
Many Indigenous American children are in close contact with adults and other children who are performing the activities that they will eventually master.
For example, the direct involvement that Mazahua children take in the marketplace is used as a type of interactional organization for learning without explicit verbal instruction.
Children learn how to run a market stall, take part in caregiving, and also learn other basic responsibilities through non-structured activities, cooperating voluntarily within a motivational context to participate.
Not explicitly instructing or guiding the children teaches them how to integrate into small coordinated groups to solve a problem through consensus and shared space.
These Mazahua separate-but-together practices have shown that participation in everyday interaction and later learning activities establishes enculturation that is rooted in nonverbal social experience.
In some Indigenous communities of the Americas, children reported one of their main reasons for working in their home was to build unity within the family, the same way they desire to build solidarity within their own communities.
Evidence of this can be observed in a case study where children are guided through the task of folding a paper figure by observing the posture and gaze of those who guide them through it.
The idea that many children in Indigenous American Communities are closely involved in community endeavors, both spatially and relationally, which help to promote nonverbal communication, given that words are not always necessary.
When children are closely related to the context of the endeavor as active participants, coordination is based on a shared reference, which helps to allow, maintain, and promote nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal cues are used by most children in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation community within the parameters of their academic learning environments.
This includes referencing Native American religion through stylized hand gestures in colloquial communication, verbal and nonverbal emotional self-containment, and less movement of the lower face to structure attention on the eyes during face-to-face engagement.
Therefore, children's approach to social situations within a reservation classroom, for example, may act as a barrier to a predominantly verbal learning environment.
Most Warm Springs children benefit from a learning model that suits a nonverbal communicative structure of collaboration, traditional gesture, observational learning and shared references.
It is important to note that while nonverbal communication is more prevalent in Indigenous American Communities, verbal communication is also used.
Preferably, verbal communication does not substitute one's involvement in an activity, but instead acts as additional guidance or support towards the completion of an activity.
People who have studied in mainly nonverbal communication may not be skilled as a verbal speaker, so much of what they are portraying is through gestures and facial expressions which can lead to major cultural barriers if they have conflict with diverse cultures already.
From birth, children in various cultures are taught the gestures and cues their culture defines as universal which is not the case for others, but some movements are universal.
Along with gestures, phenotypic traits can also convey certain messages in nonverbal communication, for instance, eye color, hair color and height.
Melamed and Bozionelos (1992) studied a sample of managers in the United Kingdom and found that height was a key factor in who was promoted.
Kinesics is the area of nonverbal communication related to movements of the body, including gestures, posture, and facial expressions, and the study of that area.
The word was first coined by Ray Birdwhistell, who considered the term body language inaccurate and improper to use as a definition.
Kinesic communication differs from culture to culture, depending on how much contact each culture contains (high or low contact) and what has been established by long held traditions and values related to nonverbal communication.
American looks are short enough just to see if there is recognition of the other person, Arabs look at each other in the eye intensely, and many Africans avert the gaze as a sign of respect to superiors.
There are also many postures for people in the Congo; they stretch their hands and put them together in the direction of the other person.
Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication, and haptic communication refers to how people and other animals communicate via touching.
Touches among humans that can be defined as communication include handshakes, holding hands, kissing (cheek, lips, hand), back slapping, high fives, a pat on the shoulder, and brushing an arm.
The meaning conveyed from touch is highly dependent upon the culture, the context of the situation, the relationship between communicators, and the manner of touch.
Touch is an extremely important sense for humans; as well as providing information about surfaces and textures it is a component of nonverbal communication in interpersonal relationships, and vital in conveying physical intimacy.
Human babies have been observed to have enormous difficulty surviving if they do not possess a sense of touch, even if they retain sight and hearing.
Touching is treated differently from one country to another and socially acceptable levels of touching vary from one culture to another (Remland, 2009).
Remland and Jones (1995) studied groups of people communicating and found that touching was rare among the English (8%), the French (5%) and the Dutch (4%) compared to Italians (14%) and Greeks (12.5%).
Proxemics is defined as how far or near you position yourself from others and can be influenced by culture, race, gender, and age.
Hall introduced the idea of culture affecting spatial distance for example: In high contact cultures people are generally more comfortable in a closer proximity as individuals in low contact cultures fell more comfortable with a greater amount of personal space.
Hall concluded that proxemics could cause misunderstandings between cultures as cultures use of proxemics varies and what is customary in one culture may be offensive to another.
Intimate space is any distance less ten 18 inches and is most commonly used by individuals when they are engaging with someone they feel very comfortable with; such as, a spouse, child, or parent.
Personal space is a distance of 18 inches to 4 feet and is usually used when individuals are interacting with friends.
Social distance is the most common type of proximity as it is used when communicating with colleagues, classmates, acquaintances, or strangers.
Public distance creates the greatest gap between the individual and the audience and is categorized as distances greater than 12 feet in distance and is often used for speeches, lectures, or formal occasions.
Other studies done on the same subject have concluded that in more relaxed and natural settings of communication, verbal and non-verbal signals and cues can contribute in surprisingly similar ways.
The most important effect was that body posture communicated superior status (specific to culture and context said person grew up in) in a very efficient way.
had subjects judge a person on the dimension happy/sad and found that words spoken with minimal variation in intonation had an impact about 4 times larger than face expressions seen in a film without sound.
Therefore, when considering certain non-verbal mannerisms such as facial expressions and physical cues, they can conflict in meaning when compared to spoken language and emotions.
If we become more mindful and present to how our body is moving, then we can better control our external nonverbal communication, which results in more effective communication.
A person verbally expressing a statement of truth while simultaneously fidgeting or avoiding eye contact may convey a mixed message to the receiver in the interaction.
When mixed messages occur, nonverbal communication becomes the primary tool people use to attain additional information to clarify the situation; great attention is placed on bodily movements and positioning when people perceive mixed messages during interactions.
They are (1) structure versus non-structure, (2) linguistic versus non-linguistic, (3) continuous versus discontinuous, (4) learned versus innate, and (5) left versus right hemispheric processing.
Nonverbal cues can be used to elaborate on verbal messages to reinforce the information sent when trying to achieve communicative goals; messages have been shown to be remembered better when nonverbal signals affirm the verbal exchange.
Nonverbal signals can be used without verbal communication to convey messages; when nonverbal behavior does not effectively communicate a message, verbal methods are used to enhance understanding.
Communicating nonverbally cannot be stopped unless one would leave the room, but even then, the intrapersonal processes still take place (individuals communicating with themselves).
For example, there are no other words being spoken after a heated debate, but there are still angry faces and cold stares being distributed.
It explains that the right hemisphere processes nonverbal stimuli such as those involving spatial, pictorial, and gestalt tasks while the left hemisphere involves the verbal stimuli involving analytical and reasoning tasks.
It is possible that individuals may not use the correct hemisphere at appropriate times when it comes to interpreting a message or meaning.
From 1977 to 2004, the influence of disease and drugs on receptivity of nonverbal communication was studied by teams at three separate medical schools using a similar paradigm.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, Yale University and Ohio State University had subjects observe gamblers at a slot machine awaiting payoffs.
In some subjects tested for ability to read nonverbal cues, intuitive paradigms were apparently employed while in others a cause and effect approach was used.
A woman with total paralysis of the nerves of facial expression was found unable to transmit or receive any nonverbal facial cues whatsoever.
Because of the changes in levels of accuracy on the levels of nonverbal receptivity, the members of the research team hypothesized a biochemical site in the brain which was operative for reception of nonverbal cues.
Because certain drugs enhanced ability while others diminished it, the neurotransmitters dopamine and endorphin were considered to be likely etiological candidate.
Based on the available data, however, the primary cause and primary effect could not be sorted out on the basis of the paradigm employed.
The experiment was conducted in a room with an examiner and the test subjects, which for the first study were three-year-olds.
The examiner sat across from each child individually, and allowed them to play with various objects including a purse with a sponge in it and a box with a sponge in it.
After allowing the child to play with the objects for three minutes, the examiner told the child it was time to clean up and motioned by pointing to the objects.
They measured the responses of the children by first pointing and not marking the gesture, to see the child's reaction to the request and if they reached for the objects to clean them up.
After observing the child's response, the examiner then asked and pointed again, marking the gesture with facial expression, as to lead the child to believe the objects were supposed to be cleaned up.
The results showed that three-year-old children were able to recognize the markedness, by responding to the gesture and cleaning the objects up as opposed to when the gesture was presented without being marked.
For the most part, the children did not recognize the difference between the marked and unmarked gesture by not responding more prevalently to the marked gesture, unlike the results of the three-year-olds.
This shows that this sort of nonverbal communication is learned at a young age, and is better recognized in three-year-old children than two-year-old children, making it easier for us to interpret that the ability to recognize markedness is learned in the early stages of development, somewhere between three and four years of age.
Boone and Cunningham conducted a study to determine at which age children begin to recognize emotional meaning (happiness, sadness, anger and fear) in expressive body movements.
The children were shown two clips simultaneously and were asked to point to the one that was expressing the target emotion.
The results of the study revealed that of the four emotions being tested the 4-year-olds were only able to correctly identify sadness at a rate that was better than chance.
The 8-year-olds and adults could correctly identify all four emotions and there was very little difference between the scores of the two groups.
A byproduct of the work of the Pittsburgh/Yale/Ohio State team was an investigation of the role of nonverbal facial cues in heterosexual nondate rape.
It was reported that women who had been raped on at least two occasions by different perpetrators had a highly significant impairment in their abilities to read these cues in either male or female senders.
The authors did note that whatever the nature of these preliminary findings the responsibility of the rapist was in no manner or level diminished.
Students indicating a preference for the specialties of family practice, psychiatry, pediatrics and obstetrics-gynecology achieved significantly higher levels of accuracy than those students who planned to train as surgeons, radiologists, or pathologists.
Norvig received a Bachelor of Science in applied mathematics from Brown University and a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley.
He was head of the Computational Sciences Division (now the Intelligent Systems Division) at NASA Ames Research Center, where he oversaw a staff of 200 scientists performing NASA's research and development in autonomy and robotics, automated software engineering and data analysis, neuroengineering, collaborative systems research, and simulation-based decision-making.
Before that he was chief scientist at Junglee, where he helped develop one of the first Internet comparison shopping services; chief designer at Harlequin Inc.; and senior scientist at Sun Microsystems Laboratories.
In 2011, Norvig worked with Sebastian Thrun to develop a popular online course in Artificial Intelligence that had more than 160,000 students enrolled.
Out of the Blue is the seventh studio album by the British rock group Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), released in October 1977.
Written and produced by ELO frontman Jeff Lynne, the double album is among the most commercially successful records in the group's history, selling about 10 million copies worldwide.
Jeff Lynne wrote the entire album in three and a half weeks after a sudden burst of creativity while hidden away in his rented chalet in the Swiss Alps.
It was one of the first pop albums to have an extensive use of the vocoder, and helped to popularize it.
This was inspired by Lynne's experience while trying to write songs for the album against a torrential downpour of rain outside his Swiss Chalet.
The large spaceship on the album's cover (by now symbolic of the group) was designed by Kosh with art by Shusei Nagaoka.
The number JTLA 823 L2 which is featured on the shuttle arriving at the space station is the original catalogue number for the album.
The album also included an insert of a cardboard cutout of the space station as well as a fold-out poster of the band members.
The space theme was carried onto the live stage in the form of a huge glowing flying saucer stage set, inside which the band performed.
It was also the first double album in the history of the UK music charts to generate four top twenty hit singles.
It was one of the landmark albums of the year, and the decade as well, remaining in the UK charts for about 108 weeks.
The 30th Anniversary Edition was released in February 2007 with three bonus tracks, as part of the Sony/BMG Music Epic/Legacy series.
A push-out replica ELO Space Station is included as well as the standard jewel case edition with a full colour 12-page edited booklet.
In 2017, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the album, a double picture vinyl disc was released by Sony Music and Epic Records.
Its grass roots are based in the trade union movement, as its founder and former leader Joe Bossano was the District Officer of the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU).
The party has been led since 2011 by Fabian Picardo, who as served as Chief Minister of Gibraltar since the 2011 general election.
Bossano left the Integration with Britain Party in 1975 and founded the Gibraltar Democratic Movement (GDM), which contested the 1976 election winning four seats in the House of Assembly.
The GDM became the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party in 1978 and obtained one seat, that of Bossano, in the 1980 election.
At the elections of 1984, the GSLP capitalized on the Gibraltarian discontent about the way the British Government was handling the future of the Gibraltar Royal Navy dockyard, opposing the transfer of the docks to Appledore International (which involved the loss of about 400 jobs), and winning seven of the fifteen seats of the Assembly.
Like all the other parties in Gibraltar, the GSLP supports self-determination for Gibraltar and opposes any moves toward joint British–Spanish sovereignty.
The party has strong member and personal ties with the UK Labour Party with many prominent members having been involved with the Labour Party while in the United Kingdom.
The GSLP also endorsed the Labour Party at the 2014 European Parliament elections as it had done on previous European elections.
The party does not consider Gibraltar to have been decolonised by the Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 and has a policy of continued participation at all United Nations venues in which Gibraltar is discussed including the Special Committee on Decolonization until the decolonisation of Gibraltar is recognised by the UN and the achievement of a new international status for Gibraltar as a full self-governing territory under the British Crown.
In the 1999 by-election, following the death of GSLP Opposition MP Robert Mor, Liberal Party leader Dr. Joseph Garcia (backed by the GSLP) won 51.46% of the popular vote and the seat.
In the 2007 election to the newly named (and re-organized) Gibraltar Parliament, the party won (in Alliance with the Liberals) 31.84% of the popular vote and 4 seats.
In the 2011 election, the party won (in Alliance with the Liberals) 34.23% of the popular vote and 7 seats and, with the 3 seats won by the Liberal Party, formed the new Government of Gibraltar.
In the 2013 by-election, following the death of Housing Minister Charles Bruzon (GSLP), the GSLP candidate Albert Isola won 49.84% of the popular vote to fill in the vacant seat.
The GSLP was represented in the European Parliament by Glyn Ford MEP of the PES Group during the 6th European Parliament term, however Ford later lost his seat in the 2009 European elections.
Gibraltar is part of the South West England constituency in the European parliament and its major parties form joint ticket alliances with the major UK parties.
Their last line-up included vocalist and pianist Andrew McMahon, guitarists Josh Partington and Bobby Anderson, bassist Kevin Page and drummer Brian Ireland.
McMahon announced during an August 3, 2010, visit to Milwaukee that the band had collectively sold over 1 million total records in the band's ten years of existence.
Andrew McMahon and Brian Ireland had a class together at Dana Hills High School, during which the pair often talked about music.
In September 1998, McMahon, Page, and Ireland, merged with lead guitarist Josh Partington and rhythm guitarist Richard Hernandez, to form Something Corporate.
Following a few shows, McMahon realised that he would be unable to pursue a career in music if he was in education.
McMahon's parents were supportive of his music, but suggested doing college applications if the band didn't work out within a year.
The group were unable to secure gigs due to being underage outside of parties and various Battle of the Bands competitions.
During this time, the group shared an apartment in Dana Point, where McMahon wrote a number of the band's early material.
In January and February 2005, the band toured across the U.S. alongside Straylight Run, Hidden in Plain View, The Academy Is..., and Armor for Sleep.
In April, 2005 the band played an outdoor concert at Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity at Indiana University as part of Little 500 festivities.
In December 2005, the band announced they would re-group in January 2006 for rehearsals and plan to write their third album.
In July 2006, McMahon said the group's hiatus wouldn't be permanent, and that they talked of touring early-to-mid 2007 and enter the studio after McMahon was finished working on the second Jack's Mannequin album.
On December 3, 2009, it was announced on AbsolutePunk.net that they would be playing the Bamboozle Left Festival in Anaheim, California on March 28, 2010.
On February 22 at the House of Blues in Chicago, Andrew McMahon announced that Something Corporate will be at Bamboozle Chicago on May 15.
On March 29, 2010, AbsolutePunk.net reported that Something Corporate will also be playing Bamboozle Right in East Rutherford, New Jersey, on May 1.
It was released on 31 May 1979 in the United Kingdom by Jet Records, where it topped record charts, and on 8 June in the United States on Jet through Columbia Records distribution.
The album itself was the first ever to generate four top-ten singles (one of which was a Double A-side) from a single LP in the UK and was eventually certified 2x platinum by the RIAA in 1997.
In one of his earliest jobs, comedian/actor Brad Garrett, dressed in Middle Eastern clothes and turban, appears on the back cover as the menacing palace guard who is drawing his scimitar.
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (AIMA) is a university textbook on artificial intelligence, written by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig.
The book is intended for an undergraduate audience but can also be used for graduate-level studies with the suggestion of adding some of the primary sources listed in the extensive bibliography.
The authors state that it is a large text which would take two semesters to cover all the chapters and projects.
Primarily a starting pitcher, Ferrell played for the Cleveland Indians (1927–33), Boston Red Sox (1934–37), Washington Senators (1937–38), New York Yankees (1938–39), Brooklyn Dodgers (1940) and Boston Braves (1941).
His father was employed by the Southern Railroad, and the family lived on a 160-acre dairy farm that was also used to grow crops such as hay and tobacco.
They each played baseball for the local high school team, and two others went on to enjoy long careers in baseball: Rick, a Hall of Fame catcher, and George, an 18-year minor league veteran.
Wesley starred in baseball and basketball while playing for Guilford High School, and later for the Oak Ridge Military Academy in 1926.
He was soon noticed by Bill Rapp, a scout for the Cleveland Indians, and in 1927 they, as well as the Detroit Tigers, offered him a contract while he was playing for a semi-professional team in East Douglas, Massachusetts.
He made his Major League Baseball debut on September 9, 1927, pitching a single inning against the Boston Red Sox, and gave up three earned runs.
Although, he initially made the Indians' roster in 1928, he was soon demoted to the Terre Haute Tots, of the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League.
In 1929, he joined the Indians for good, though only a spot-starter at first; he established himself as one of the best pitchers in the American League (AL) by season's end.
His 21 victories placed second in the league behind George Earnshaw's 24, and he finished in the top ten in strikeouts, earned run average, and saves.
In 1930, he began the season as the Indian's number two starting pitcher behind Willis Hudlin, who made the team's opening day start.
He increased his win total to 25, which finished second in the league, this time behind Lefty Grove's 28, and lowered his ERA to 3.31.
Ferrell continued his excellence during the 1931 season, although his ERA increased to 3.75, he led the lead in complete games with 27, and collected another 22 wins.
On April 29, he pitched a 9–0 no-hitter against the St. Louis Browns, striking out eight, while also hitting a home run, a double, and had four runs batted in (RBIs).
On May 8, he experienced pain in his right shoulder while warming up for a start against the Red Sox, and for the rest of the season, his fastball became largely ineffective, having to rely upon his other pitches.
Through 1930, he had hit just one home run, but in 1931 he hit nine, breaking the previous home run record for pitchers of seven by Jack Stivetts in 1890.
On August 31 he hit two home runs against the Chicago White Sox in 13–5 victory at Comiskey Park, the first of five times he would achieve the feat.
It was suspected that he had anxiety in regard to his shoulder injury, which caused him to angrily react to perceived bad calls by umpires, and teammates who made errors that negatively affected the game.
On one occasion, Ferrell refused to be pulled from a game by his manager, and was suspended ten days without pay for insubordination.
Because of his volatile temperament he was fined and suspended several times for refusing to leave a game, or for leaving it without permission.
After being driven from the mound in one game, he punched himself in the face and began to slam his head into the wall.
In 1932, Ferrell posted his fourth consecutive 20-win season, with a record of 23–13, struck out 105, and had a 3.66 ERA.
The 1933 season began well for Ferrell, he had a 5–4 win-loss record and a 2.12 ERA on June 1, and was named to the inaugural Major League Baseball All-Star Game representing the American League.
He was not called upon to play in the game, but his brother Rick was also selected to the team, and played the entire game.
He had another great year as a batter, however, hitting seven home runs, and he compiled 26 RBIs and a .271 batting average.
After a disappointing 11–12 record for the year, the Indians offered him what Ferrell regarded as an unacceptable contract offer, and he refused to sign.
On May 25, 1934, the Indians traded him, along with Dick Porter, to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Bob Weiland, Bob Seeds and $25,000 cash.
On August 12, in front of a record crowd of 46,766 fans (with about 20,000 turned away), Babe Ruth made his farewell appearance as a New York Yankee in Boston.
He singled and doubled against Ferrell, but Boston prevailed against Ruth and the New York Yankees by a score of 6 runs to 4.
From that point until the end of the season, he was consistently effective, lowering his ERA from 4.64 on July 25, to a season-ending 3.63.
The first occurred against the St. Louis Browns on July 13, and the other on August 22 against the Chicago White Sox when he hit a game-tying home run in the eighth inning, then hit the game-winning, walk-off home run in tenth inning.
Never known as a control pitcher, Ferrell's base on balls totals were usually high, including leading the league with 130 in 1931, but in 1934, his bases on balls per 9 innings pitched was the best in AL.
As a batter, he had a .347 batting average, and hit seven home runs, the third, and last, time he reached this plateau.
On July 21, with the Red Sox trailing the Detroit Tigers 4–6 in the bottom of the ninth inning and two runners on the bases.
Ferrell was sent in as a pinch hitter and hit a three-run walk-off home run, defeating the Tigers by the score of 7–6.
The following day, Ferrell once again hit a walk-off home run, this time in a tied-game against the St. Louis Browns.
His achievements during the 1935 season resulted in his second-place finish in the Most Valuable Player (MVP) voting, finishing behind Hank Greenberg.
Ferrell had another effective season in 1936, with a 20–15 record, while leading the league in games started, complete games, and inning pitched.
His best games that season were two-hit shoutouts; one occurred on May 3 against the Tigers, and the other on June 21 against the Browns.
His 1937 season began slow and he was unable to turn it around, by June 11, he had just three victories against six losses, and his ERA was a lofty 7.61.
On June 11, the Ferrell brothers and Mel Almada were traded to the Washington Senators in exchange for Ben Chapman and Bobo Newsom.
Shortly after being traded to Washington, Wes won four of his first five starts, and was named to his second All-Star team.
Joining him on the team was his brother Rick, and the game was played on July 7, although neither of the Ferrell brothers played.
Although he had lackluster pitching record of 14–19, he led the AL in innings and complete games for the third consecutive season.
Ferrell remained with Washington in 1938, and leading the team with 13 victories, but due to his behavior and personality conflict with owner Clark Griffith, he was released from the team on August 12.
Over the following winter, he underwent arm surgery to remove bone chips from his elbow, but was unable to fully recover.
He was released by the Yankees in May 1939, and went unsigned until January 1940, when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers.
In addition to his talents as a pitcher, he was also one of the best-hitting pitchers in major league history, setting records for pitchers; his nine home runs in 1931, and his career-total of 38 still stand.
In total, he collected 329 hits, 57 doubles, 12 triples, delivered 208 RBIs, scored 175 runs, a .446 slugging percentage, and a .280 batting average.
After his release by the Braves in May 1941, he signed with the Leaksville-Draper-Spray Triplets of the class-D Bi-State League, where he batted .332 with 20 home runs in just 74 games.
The following season, he joined the class-C Lynchburg Senators of the Virginia League, where he hit .361 with 31 homers in 123 games.
Wes Ferrell died at the age of 68 on December 9, 1976 in Sarasota, Florida, and is interred at New Garden Cemetery in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Arguments in favor of inducting Ferrell into the Baseball Hall of Fame include the factors which affected his numbers and lack of post-season success.
In addition to the era in which he played, he didn't play for many good teams, and he pitched in hitter-friendly parks.
However, when Ferrell's ERA is adjusted with what he produced as a hitter, he was effectively 22% better than the league average.
In this regard, he is comparable to other high-ERA pitchers that helped themselves by being a good batter such as Ted Lyons, a Hall of Fame member, and Carl Mays.
He retired with the seventh highest winning percentage (.601) among pitchers with at least 300 AL decisions (for teams that never won the pennant) and also with the fourth highest fielding percentage (.975) in AL history.
When he went on to be a manager, Ferrell was slapped with suspensions for incidents such as removing his team from the field, which through erroneous reports grew into legends of Ferrell having physically attacked umpires.
He was a fiery competitor and a brilliant player with natural talent, whose achievements may have been obscured by his irascibility.
As of 2006 its total population is 80,704, out of which the population of Kwidzyn is 37,814, that of Prabuty is 8,488, and the rural population is 34,402.
Kwidzyn County is bordered by Tczew County to the west, Sztum County to the north, Iława County to the east, Grudziądz County to the south and Świecie County to the south-west.
He is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley and Adjunct Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco.
He received his Bachelor of Arts degree with first-class honours in Physics from the University of Oxford where he was an undergraduate student at Wadham College, Oxford in 1982, and his PhD in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1986 for research on inductive reasoning and analogical reasoning supervised by .
After his PhD, he joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, where since 1996 he is Professor of Computer Science.
He also holds an appointment as Adjunct Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco, where he pursues research in computational physiology and intensive-care unit monitoring.
His research on the history and future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its relation to humanity includes machine learning, probabilistic reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, real-time decision making, multitarget tracking, computer vision, inverse reinforcement learning, and the movement to ban the manufacture and use of autonomous weapons.
In 2016, he founded the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence at UC Berkeley, with co-principal investigators Pieter Abbeel, Anca Dragan, Tom Griffiths, Bart Selman, Joseph Halpern, Michael Wellman and Satinder Singh Baveja.
He is on the Scientific Advisory Board for the Future of Life Institute and the Advisory Board of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk.
Stuart Russell was co-winner, in 1995, of the IJCAI Computers and Thought Award at the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, the premier international award in artificial intelligence for researchers under 35.
In 2003 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery and in 2011 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Other awards include the National Science Foundation's Presidential Young Investigator Award, the World Technology Award, the Mitchell Prize and the AAAI/EAAI Outstanding Educator Award.
The best bait for Red Drum (Red Fish) is the pogie or menhaden and in the fall specks like croakers thrown in marshy areas.
The hunter either watches the bait from a shootable distance or stalks the animal if it came for the bait during the night.
In areas where bears are hunted, one can often find such bait for sale at gas stations and hunting supply stores.
The bait often consists of some sweet substance, often frosting or molasses, combined with some aromatic such as rotten meat or fish.
Baiting in Australia refers to specific campaigns to control foxes, wild dogs and dingos by poisoning in areas where they are a problem.
These programs are held in conjunction with the local Department of Primary Industriey, Rural Lands Protection Board (RLPB) and National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) to facilitate a neighbourhood baiting campaign.
is an unincorporated community in Okanogan County (population 200) located in the Methow Valley of Washington, on the east slopes of the North Cascades and North Cascades National Park.
It is located along the North Cascades Highway (Highway 20), northwest of Winthrop and about south of the Canada–United States border.
Mazama boomed as the departure point for mining towns in the rugged Harts Pass area, such as Barron, Chancellor, and Robinson.
Recently considered little more than a crossroads, Mazama is slowly growing to include several lodging options, a general store, a recreational supplies store, a gas station, a café, and three restaurants.
It has been a destination for summer weddings, rock climbing, mountaineering, and winter sports with options for heli-skiing, back-country and cross country skiing.
Mazama is a genus of deer (family Cervidae) comprising the Brockets, medium to small deer that are found in the Americas.
It lies immediately leeward of the North Cascades, which trap much of the precipitation carried from the Pacific Ocean by prevailing westerly winds.
This rain shadow strengthens with increasing distance from the Cascade crest: arid Winthrop, 14 miles further downvalley, receives a little over half the annual precipitation of Mazama.
The Goat Wall at its highest is just under and is considered to be one of the best multipitch sport climbing areas in Washington.
Many reports are accompanied by audio and video from the BBC's television and radio news services, while the latest TV and radio bulletins are also available to view or listen to on the site together with other current affairs programmes.
From 1998 to 2001 the site was named best news website at the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards when the award category was withdrawn.
It has previously won both the Judges' award and the People's Voice award for best news site at the annual Webby Awards.
The BBC had previously created special websites marking the 1995 Budget, the 1996 Olympic Games, 1997 general election, and the death of Princess Diana in 1997, but nothing on the scale of the launch of the main site itself, which required the development of a completely new production system, for which a team, led by Matthew Karas was specially hired.
The original design was created by a team, including Matt Jones, based on designs commissioned from consultancy Lambie-Nairn, and has been redesigned several times mainly to match the visual style of BBC News television bulletins and to exploit increases in readers' typical screen resolutions.
A major overhaul in 2003, primarily by Paul Sissons and Maire Flynn, coincided with a relaunch of the BBC News Channel (then BBC News 24) and featured a wider page design.
The site launched a set of semi-official RSS 0.91 syndication feeds in June 2003 and upgraded them to full feed RSS 2.0 in 2008.
In 2004 the BBC News website partnered with Moreover Technologies, in a response to the 2003 Graf Report, to provide links from BBC articles to rival publishers.
Whilst the BBC does not censor or change results the algorithms used tend to give greater weight to national and international sources over regional or local ones.
Mike Smartt, who became editor in chief in 2000, was later succeeded by Pete Clifton who was subsequently promoted to Head of BBC News Interactive and replaced by the previous editor Steve Herrmann in 2005.
A restructuring of BBC News starting in 2007 saw the dissolution of the separate BBC News Interactive department; the editorial and management departments joined the new multimedia newsroom along with television and radio news within BBC Television Centre.
From May 2007, the website began to offer a live video stream of BBC News 24, the rolling news channel now known as the BBC News channel.
In line with the introduction of new features across BBC Online, including a new navigation bar, the site was updated in 2008 with wider centred page designs, larger images and an increased emphasis on audio and visual content.
Beginning on 30 April 2009, some published stories included in-text links, mostly to in-site profile articles on people, locations and organisations.
The BBC announced on 19 November 2009 that it was to pay more attention to search engine optimisation by extending news headlines.
On 14 July 2010 the site was completely redesigned, with the vertical section headings moved to run horizontally near the top of the page.
The new design, incorporating larger in-line videos within news articles and standardised font usage, was introduced as a first step to bringing the entire BBC website into line with its new style guidelines.
However, there was also criticism, with some stating that the use of white space was too widespread and led to the need for continuous and excessive scrolling.
On 4 March 2014, the BBC launched a beta version of the website which was built around the principles of responsive web design, allowing the presentation of content to adjust automatically for a wide variety of screen sizes, from desktop computer to smartphones and tablet devices.
There are two different editions of the site: a UK edition, which gives prominence to UK stories, and an international edition, which prioritises international news.
The international version of the website is operated by BBC Global News Ltd., the for-profit BBC subsidiary which operates the BBC World News television channel.
The 'Magazine' is a section of BBC News Online that includes a number of articles that are not tied to a particular event or topic, unlike the other articles on the site.
Topics can be varied: comments on news stories; how to measure sizes in terms of London AEC Routemaster buses, or for larger geographical areas, Wales; spotting people mentioned in news stories whose name is particularly appropriate for their job, etc.
Other favourite areas of discussion include the Flexicon, the gender of Paper Monitor or coming up with sardonic comments about previous letters.
Readers are encouraged to send their own images depicting ten objects to accompany the facts; past examples have included 10 swans flying in formation and ten toes.
Since a redesign of the BBC News Online in September 2006, the Magazine Monitor has followed a blog-style layout, rather than as a page updated over the week in a similar way to news articles.
It contains an online digital library of news stories reported by the BBC on the Second World War and world events from the 1950s to 2005.
The launch of the BBC iPlayer, with the new Adobe Flash based BBC Embedded Media Player in July 2007 enabled BBC News and Sport Online to change the way it presented video content.
From March 2008 the BBC began to gradually introduce embedded video using the EMP into individual news articles and onto the front page.
Previously, in addition to the standard website with embedded video and audio, there was an XHTML version optimised for users on mobile devices.
As of May 2010 these versions of the site are no longer available and redirect to the main and mobile websites respectively.
The site is primarily funded by the television licence, paid by all UK households owning a television set, and used to carry no advertising.
The World edition has received some subsidy from the UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office through its grant-in-aid to the BBC World Service.
Proposals to include advertising on the international version of the website were discussed by the BBC Trust in February 2007, but were opposed by BBC journalists, who feared it would weaken public trust in the impartiality of the BBC.
The advertising consists of large animated banners, which has led to complaints that these make the site's content harder to read.
An animal control service or animal control agency is an entity charged with responding to requests for help with animals ranging from wild animals, dangerous animals, or animals in distress.
An individual who works for such an entity was once known as a dog catcher, but is generally now called an animal control officer, and may be an employee or a contractor – commonly employed by a municipality, county, shire, or other subnational government area.
Animal control services may be provided by the government or through a contract with a humane society or society for the prevention of cruelty to animals.
Officers may work for, or with, police or sheriff departments, parks and recreation departments, and health departments by confining animals or investigating animal bites to humans.
The most common requirements for this job is some prior experience handling animals on a farm, as a veterinary assistant or animal trainer.
Training is primarily on the job but some jurisdictions (like Virginia, North Carolina and Texas) require formal and continuing education available from community colleges and trade associations.
Some animal cruelty investigators are specially trained police officers, the New York American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) employs several Humane Law Enforcement Officers with some police powers (including the power of arrest); and throughout the United States this arrangement is becoming more common.
Animals held in the shelter can be returned to their owners, adopted, released to the wild, held as evidence in a criminal investigation or euthanized.
The town of Duxbury, Vermont is said to be the only place in the United States that actually elects a dog catcher.
Richard James Codey (born November 27, 1946) is an American Democratic Party politician who served as the 53rd Governor of New Jersey from 2004 to 2006.
He has served in the New Jersey Senate since 1982 and served as the President of the Senate from 2002 to 2010.
He represents the 27th Legislative District, which covers the western portions of Essex County and the southeastern portion of Morris County.
Codey is the longest-serving state legislator in New Jersey history, having served in the New Jersey Legislature continuously since January 8, 1974.
He attended Our Lady of the Valley High School and transferred to Orange High School, neither of them successfully, before switching to Oratory Preparatory School in Summit, from which he graduated.
Codey left the funeral trade to try his hand in politics in 1973 when he was first elected to the State Assembly, with Eldridge Hawkins as his running mate.
Codey was elected to the State Senate that same year and has since risen through the ranks to become Senate President.
He also has a hockey arena named in his honor, also known as South Mountain Arena in West Orange, New Jersey.
Codey represents the 27th Legislative District together with Assemblyman John F. McKeon, who was coincidentally also the mayor of West Orange, a town in Essex County, New Jersey, where Senator Codey's family was raised.
The other Assembly seat is occupied by Mila Jasey, who was elected to fill the seat in November 2007 after the resignation of Mims Hackett on September 8, 2007.
In September, 2006, during Menendez's re-election campaign for his U.S. Senate seat, it was revealed that Menendez was the subject of an ongoing federal criminal investigation.
The situation closely resembles the situation faced by Robert Torricelli in his 2002 re-election campaign, where ethical problems and declining poll numbers led to Torricelli exiting the race, to be replaced as the Democratic candidate by former senator Frank Lautenberg.
Political observers speculated that Codey could be tapped to fill the candidate's slot should Menendez decide to withdraw from the race.
Codey briefly resigned as President of the Senate for one day in January 2008 in order to let retiring Sen. Bernard Kenny of Hoboken serve as Senate President on his last day in office.
Kenny served as Senate President from January 7 to January 8, when Senator Codey was reelected to the Senate Presidency for the next legislative session.
Following Governor Christine Todd Whitman's resignation in 2001 to become head of the EPA, Codey was one of three different senate presidents (along with Donald DiFrancesco and John O. Bennett, along with Attorney General John Farmer) to serve as acting governor for the one-year period between Whitman's resignation and Jim McGreevey's inauguration in January 2002.
DiFrancesco served as acting governor for all but the last week of this period, until his term as senate president ended.
As attorney general, Farmer then served as acting governor for ninety minutes, until the election of Bennett and Codey as co-presidents of the senate.
The latter two then divided the last week of the term between them, with Codey serving for three days, from January 12, 2002, to January 15, 2002, leading to a situation in which the state had five different people serving as governor during a period of eight days.
According to the New Jersey State Constitution at the time, in the event of a vacancy in the governor's office, the President of the State Senate takes on the additional position of acting governor until the next gubernatorial election.
After taking over in 2004 Codey became popular with many New Jersey residents and reportedly considered a run for a full four-year term.
Senator Jon Corzine's large number of endorsements as well as his large campaign war chest, funded primarily by his great personal wealth, convinced Codey to announce officially on January 31, 2005 that he would step aside.
Codey served as governor until Corzine was sworn in on January 17, 2006 following Corzine's victory in the November 8, 2005 elections.
Some had speculated that Codey could be a possible candidate for Corzine's vacant seat in the United States Senate, with Corzine appointing his own successor once he was sworn in as governor.
With the passage on November 8, 2005, of a constitutional amendment creating the position of lieutenant governor to take effect with the 2009 election, Codey became the last person to serve simultaneously as governor and senate president.
This law was made retroactive to 2001, covering both Codey's service after McGreevey's resignation and the service of Donald DiFrancesco following the resignation of Governor Christine Todd Whitman in 2001.
Codey is an advocate of mental health awareness and strongly favors including mental health funding in employee medical benefit packages and Medicare.
In early 2005, Codey responded in person to New Jersey 101.5 talk radio host Craig Carton, who jokingly criticized Mary Jo and her mental health on the air.
Codey appointed Mary Jane Cooper to be New Jersey's first-ever Inspector General, a position created to root out waste and mismanagement in government.
Codey added $7 million in new funding to agencies devoted to public accountability, per the recommendations that resulted from an audit of state ethics codes that he commissioned.
In March 2005, Codey cracked down on pay to play when he signed a law banning campaign contributions by businesses holding state contracts in several circumstances.
As governor, Codey championed a bill to ban smoking from indoor spaces in the state, more money for stem cell research, increased funding for mental health, and sports.
Codey created a task force to recommend ways to end steroid abuse in high school and college sports in the state.
The task force established drug testing for high school athletes on teams that play in the championships, with the state paying for the drug testing program.
In December 2005, Codey announced he was not accepting a new state slogan recommended by the State Commerce Department, following a study by a marketing consultant, which was paid for by the state.
Governor Codey openly solicited slogan suggestions from citizens and then choose five finalists, which he opened to a vote from the public.
Senator on January 18, 2006, in Washington, D.C., Codey spent part of his first day as former governor as the acting governor of the state.
On April 12, 2007, Codey became Acting Governor of New Jersey when Corzine was incapacitated due to serious injuries suffered in a car accident that day.
Former Governor Jim McGreevey was the 11th governor in the history of the United States to resign due to a political scandal.
In August 2004, just after McGreevey announced his intention to leave the office that November, Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind measured public views of his soon-to-be successor, Richard Codey, president of the New Jersey Senate.
In a study released on August 16, 2004, FDU reported that 68% of New Jersey voters did not recognize Richard Codey's name.
In a study conducted by FDU's PublicMind on July 21, 2005, results showed that 51% of NJ voters believed the state was on the wrong track.
According to a PublicMind poll released September 27, 2005, a total of 21% of New Jersey voters still did not recognize their incumbent governor Richard Codey.
However, this was a remarkable increase in recognition from six months earlier, when 35% of voters failed to recognize his name.
Out of the governor's office for over five years, Codey continued to make headlines as a prospective candidate for that office.
Richard Codey came up as the most adequate candidate at 18% among other well-known Democrats like Cory Booker and Frank Pallone.
The Obama administration approached Codey in 2009 to consider running for governor in Corzine's place if the incumbent withdrew from his reelection bid, citing polls showing that Codey led Republican Chris Christie.
1worldspace, known for most of its existence simply as WorldSpace, is a defunct satellite radio network that in its heyday provided service to over 170,000 subscribers in eastern, southern and northern Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia with 96% coming from India.
The two operational satellites that the company had, AfriStar and AsiaStar, are now being used by their new owner, the Yazmi USA, LLC run by WorldSpace's former CEO Noah A. Samara.
The first pilots of the technology are said to be taking place in India (with 30,000 licenses) and the sub-Saharan region in Africa, with the latest trials in two schools in South Africa, in Rietkol, in Mpumalanga Province, and at Heathfield, in Western Cape.
The company, founded in 1990 has its headquarters in Silver Spring, MD and additional studios were located in Washington, DC, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, and Nairobi.
In 1991 Noah Samara, working with Thomas van der Heyden – founder of what was then International Telecommunications Inc. (ITI), later in 1997 to become the geostationary satellite division of Orbital Sciences, prepared and filed for the world's first Radio Broadcast Satellite with the US FCC.
In 1992, Samara and van der Heyden (at the time representing the Republic of Indonesia) were able, at WARC-92 with the support of many African and Asian countries, to have the ITU establish a new radio frequency spectrum band dedicated to Broadcast Satellite Services (BSS) in the L-band – 1,452 MHz – 1,492 MHz.
After WARC-92 Samara went on to build WorldSpace and van der Heyden to build IndoVison and the Indostar S-band Direct Broadcast Satellite satellite program for Indonesia.
In a last-ditch but ultimately completely unsuccessful effort to avoid commercial insolvency in July 2008, WorldSpace changed its brand and corporate identity to 1worldspace.
Before filing for bankruptcy in October 2008, 1worldspace employed two satellites and broadcast 62 channels – 38 of which were content provided by international, national and regional third parties and 24 1worldspace-branded stations produced by or for 1worldspace.
The company gained attention around 2000 because of its willingness to invest in impoverished areas and from 2006 to the present due to its financial difficulties and bankruptcy proceedings.
For a while Liberty Media (a spin-off of TCI, an American cable-television group) sought to buy the assets, but in June 2010, a company called Yazmi USA owned by former WorldSpace founder, chairman, and CEO Noah Samara purchased the remains for US$5.5M.
On December 25, 2009, the company issued notices to all of its subscribers in India that WorldSpace service in India would officially be terminated from December 31, 2009, with no refunds given to its subscribers, on account of bankruptcy.
On July 18, 2011, Forbes India reported that Timbre Media was re-launching WorldSpace Radio in association with Sa Re Ga Ma in September 2011, although it would only be streamed through mobile phones, the Internet and direct-to-home television networks.
The re-launch would start with 40 stations and eventually have as many as 120 stations, including sub-categories such as music for cardio-workouts.
1worldspace assembled a combination of news, sports, music, brand name content and educational programming which it delivered to its market in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
The 62 channels (38 of which were third-party content and 24 of which were produced by or for 1worldspace) represented popular international music formats including contemporary hits, country, classic rock and jazz with content specific to the local geographic region.
1worldspace's program directors and announcers operated from studios in Washington, DC, Bangalore, and Nairobi, where 18 original music and lifestyle channels were created for distribution.
In addition, the company planned to implement terrestrial repeater networks in order to facilitate access to new markets in Europe and the Middle-East.
The 1worldspace system was built with companies including Alcatel Space (now Thales Alenia Space), EADS Astrium and Arianespace (France), SED (Canada), GSI (USA), Fraunhofer Soviety (Germany), ST Microelectronics (Italy), Micronas (Germany) and others.
Telemetry, command and ranging (TCR) ground stations consisted of an X-Band uplink command and control system and an L-Band telemetry monitoring system.
Each satellite had two TCR stations with sufficient geographic distance between them so that if natural disasters or any unforeseen events were to make one inoperable, a back-up station would be available.
The TCR stations for AfriStar were located in Bangalore, India and Port Louis, Mauritius, and the ones for AsiaStar in Melbourne, Australia and Port Louis, Mauritius.
In addition to the TCR stations, a communications system monitoring station (CSM) was associated with each satellite to monitor continuously the quality of the downlink services.
The company's broadcast frequency and satellites required a special receiver design incorporating either a small patch antenna measuring approximately 6 to 8 cm (2.4 to 3.2 inches) which folded neatly into the receiver unit or a similarly sized omni-directional antenna mounted on the car rooftop.
Each receiver was individually addressable via a unique identifier that could be used to unlock specially coded audio or multimedia signals.
A password, valid for varying periods of time depending upon the length of the subscription purchased and paid for, is provided to a subscriber and entered into the receiver.
The radio sets, or receivers, which could pick up 1worldspace signals were manufactured by South Korea's AMI, India's BPL and China's Tongshi, among other corporations.
The radios consisted of a satellite receiver plus an antenna that has to be placed in clear view of the relevant satellite, and properly oriented to the user's geographic azimuth and elevation.
A new receiver manufactured by Delphi using open standard ETSI Satellite Digital Radio technology would have been used in Europe if the company had entered the car satellite radio receiver marketplace.
In the first quarter of 2008 the company lost a net total of 2676 subscribers and reported that it would scale back its marketing activities around the world.
WorldSpace recorded a $36.0 million net loss in the second quarter of 2008, as compared to a net loss of $51.2 million in the second quarter of 2007.
Throughout 2008 and 2009 company was in deep debt and was reported to owe its creditors over $50 million, due to be paid by various repeatedly postponed deadlines.
WorldSpace audio advertisements in 2006 highlighted the company's ability to provide communication and data-transmission services to remote areas of the world, particularly in a disaster-relief context.
Rahman as its brand ambassador in India where 90% of its customers are located, and unveiled an integrated marketing communication campaign across print and visual media featuring an exclusive signature tune composed by Mr. Rahman.
WorldSpace Foundation was a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization created in 1997 with the aim of improving literacy in Africa, and providing content through satellite to smaller community radio stations in the continent.
First Voice International was a non-profit organization that tried to ensure that people living in poverty and remote places get the information they need to improve their lives, have the means to communicate their needs and wants, are able to share what they know with others – in their own voice.
By bypassing the isolating effects of illiteracy and remoteness, the organization routinely delivers information to people in areas lacking electricity, telephone or Internet service.
Since uninterrupted line of sight reception may be difficult in the urban areas, a need to install terrestrial repeating transmitters to rebroadcast the satellite signals in the largest metropolitan areas of intended mobile DARS markets was identified.
1worldspace had planned to start providing mobile radio and data services in Italy using a combination of satellite and terrestrial broadcasts in late 2009.
It had signed an agreement with Fiat, an Italian automobile manufacturer, to make radios capable of receiving the signals available to car owners.
If the service had been launched and had been a commercial success in Italy, it was then planned to make similar services available in Germany and Switzerland.
The receivers for the new markets would have been manufactured by Delphi and would have delivered a gap-free coverage to vehicles similar to that of Sirius XM Radio vehicular mobile service.
The district administration was based in City of Danzig, which itself did not form part of the district but an independent city (Stadtkreis).
The district was formed from parts of the previous within the Danzig Region, West Prussia Province, within the Kingdom of Prussia, itself a part of Germany since 1871.
When the regulations of the Treaty of Versailles became effective in 1920, the Danziger Höhe became a district in the new Free City of Danzig.
The district was enlarged by a number of municipalities from neighbouring districts, which else were seized by the Second Republic of Poland as part of Polish Pomerania.
James Bond is assigned to aid the defection of a KGB officer, General Georgi Koskov, covering his escape from a concert hall in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia during intermission.
During the mission, Bond notices that the KGB sniper assigned to prevent Koskov's escape is a female cellist from the orchestra.
Disobeying his orders to kill the sniper, he instead shoots the rifle from her hands, then uses the Trans-Siberian Pipeline to smuggle Koskov across the border into Austria and then on to Britain.
In his post-defection debriefing, Koskov informs MI6 that the KGB's old policy of 'Smiert Spionam', meaning 'Death to Spies', has been revived by General Leonid Pushkin, the new head of the KGB.
Bond is directed to track down Pushkin in Tangier and kill him, to forestall further killings of agents and escalation of tensions between the Soviet Union and the West.
Bond convinces Kara that he is a friend of Koskov's and persuades her to accompany him to Vienna, supposedly to be reunited with him.
Meanwhile, Pushkin meets with an arms dealer, Brad Whitaker, in Tangier, informing him that the KGB is cancelling an arms deal previously arranged between Koskov and Whitaker.
During his brief tryst with Milovy in Vienna, Bond visits the Prater to meet his MI6 ally, Saunders, who discovers a history of financial dealings between Koskov and Whitaker.
Meanwhile, Kara contacts Koskov, who tells her that Bond is actually a KGB agent, and convinces her to drug him so that he can be captured.
Koskov, Necros, Kara, and the captive Bond fly to a Soviet air base in Afghanistan, where Koskov betrays Kara and imprisons her, along with Bond.
Bond and Milovy discover that Koskov is using Soviet funds to buy a massive shipment of opium from the Mujahideen, intending to keep the profits with enough left over to supply the Soviets with their arms and buy Western arms from Whitaker.
With the Mujahideen's help, Bond plants a bomb aboard the cargo plane carrying the opium, but is spotted and has no choice but to barricade himself in the plane.
During the battle, Kara drives a jeep into the cargo hold of the plane as Bond takes off, and Necros also leaps aboard at the last second.
He re-activates the bomb and drops it out of the plane and onto a bridge, blowing it up and helping Shah and his men escape the Soviets.
Bond returns to Tangier to kill Whitaker, infiltrating his estate with the help of his ally Felix Leiter, and Pushkin arrests Koskov, ordering him to be executed before sending him back to Moscow.
Originally the film was proposed to be a prequel in the series, an idea that eventually resurfaced with the reboot of the series in 2006.
An extensive search for a new actor to play Bond saw a number of actors, including New Zealander Sam Neill, Irish-born Pierce Brosnan and Welsh-born stage actor Timothy Dalton audition for the role in 1986.
The announcement that he would be chosen to play James Bond caused a surge in interest in the series, which led to NBC exercising (less than three days prior to expiry) a 60-day option in Brosnan's contract to make a further season of the series.
NBC's action caused drastic repercussions, as a result of which Broccoli withdrew the offer given to Brosnan, citing that he did not want the character associated with a contemporary television series.
Albert Broccoli was initially reluctant given Dalton's public lack of interest in the role, but at his wife's urging agreed to meet the actor.
Although obviously we’d moved some way along in that process, I just wasn’t set on whether I should do it or shan’t I do it.
Dalton's take was very different from that of Moore, regarded as much more of a reluctant hero following an undeniable influence of the Fleming Bond in the way that the veteran agent was often uncomfortable in his job.
Dalton wished to create a Bond different from Moore's, feeling he would have declined the project if he were asked to imitate Moore.
Neill thought Dalton performed well in the role and Brosnan called Dalton a good choice in 1987, but felt it too near the bone to watch the finished film.
Originally, the KGB general set up by Koskov was to be General Gogol; however, Walter Gotell was too sick to handle the major role, and the character of Leonid Pushkin replaced Gogol, who appears briefly at the end of the film, having transferred to the Soviet diplomatic service.
Morten Harket, the lead vocalist of the Norwegian rock group A-ha (which performed the film's title song), was offered a small role as a villain's henchman in the film, but declined, because of lack of time and because he felt they wanted to cast him due to his popularity rather than his acting.
Other actors considered for the role of James Bond included Mel Gibson, Mark Greenstreet, Lambert Wilson, Antony Hamilton, Christopher Lambert, Finlay Light, and Andrew Clarke.
The film was shot at Pinewood Studios at its 007 Stage in the United Kingdom, as well as Weissensee in Austria.
The pre-title sequence was filmed on the Rock of Gibraltar and although the sequence shows a hijacked Land Rover careering down various sections of road for several minutes before bursting through a wall towards the sea, the location mostly used the same short stretch of road at the very top of the Rock, shot from numerous different angles.
The beach defences seen at the foot of the Rock in the initial shot were also added solely for the film, to an otherwise non-military area.
The action involving the Land Rover switched from Gibraltar to Beachy Head in the UK for the shot showing the vehicle actually getting airborne.
Trial runs of the stunt with the Land Rover, during which Bond escapes by parachute from the tumbling vehicle, were filmed in the Mojave Desert, although the final cut of the film uses a shot achieved using a dummy.
The aircraft used for the jump was a C-130 Hercules, which in the film had M's office installed in the aircraft cabin.
The initial point of view for the scene shows M in what appears to be his usual London office, but the camera then zooms out to reveal that it is, in fact, inside an aircraft.
During this later chapter, a fight breaks out on the open ramp of the aircraft in flight between Bond and Necros, before Necros falls to his death.
Although the plot and preceding shots suggest the aircraft is a C-130, the shot of Necros falling away from the aircraft show a twin engine cargo plane, a C-123 Provider.
Worth and Lombard also doubled for Bond and Necros in the scenes where they are hanging on a bag in a plane's open cargo door.
Almost two weeks after the second unit filming on Gibraltar, the first unit started shooting with Andreas Wisniewski and stunt man Bill Weston.
During the course of the three days it took to film this fight, Weston fractured a finger and Wisniewski knocked him out once.
The next day found the crew on location at Stonor House, doubling for Bladen's Safe House, the first scene Jeroen Krabbé filmed.
Despite the iconic status of the submersible Lotus however, Bond's Aston Martin DB5 is recognised as the most famous of his vehicles.
Two different Aston Martin models were used in filming—a V8 Volante convertible, and later for the Czechoslovakia scenes, a hard-top non-Volante V8 saloon badged to look like the Volante.
The soundtrack is notable for its introduction of sequenced electronic rhythm tracks overdubbed with the orchestra—at the time, a relatively new innovation.
The title song is one of the few 007 title songs that is not performed or written by a British or American performer.
Rykodisc's version included the gunbarrel and opening sequence of the film as well as the jailbreak sequence, and the bombing of the bridge.
Additionally, the film featured a number of pieces of classical music, as the main Bond girl, Kara Milovy, is a cellist.
Mozart's 40th Symphony in G minor (1st movement) is performed by the orchestra at the Conservatoire in Bratislava when Koskov flees.
Before Bond is drugged by Kara, she is practising the Cello solo from the first movement of Dvořák's cello concerto in B minor.
At the end of the film, Kara and an orchestra (conducted onscreen by John Barry) perform Tchaikovsky's Rococo Variations to rapturous applause.
The Prince and Princess of Wales attended the film's premiere on 29 June 1987 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London.
The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 71% based on reviews from 52 critics, and a weighted average of 6.4 out of 10.
Michael Arthur Ledeen (; born August 1, 1941) is an American historian, neoconservative foreign policy analyst, and author with a PhD in philosophy.
He is a former consultant to the United States National Security Council, the United States Department of State, and the United States Department of Defense.
He held the Freedom Scholar chair at the American Enterprise Institute where he was a scholar for twenty years and now holds the similarly named chair at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
Ledeen holds a Ph.D. in History and Philosophy from the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he studied under the Jewish German-born historian George Mosse.
The book was the first work to explore Italian leader Benito Mussolini's efforts to create a Fascist international in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Ledeen has been a long time and active supporter of political dissidents, particularly Iranians, and co-founded The Coalition for Democracy in Iran.
Ledeen testified before a Senate subcommittee that he believed that Billy Carter had met with and been paid off by Yasser Arafat of the Palestinian Liberation Organization.
According to the reporting, Francesco Pazienza, an officer of the Italian intelligence agency SISMI, alleged that Ledeen was paid $120,000 for his work on Billygate and other projects.
All four testified that they believed the Soviet Union had provided for material support, training and inspiration for various terrorist groupings.
In addition, he met with Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres, officials of the Israeli Foreign Ministry and the Central Intelligence Agency to arrange meetings with high-ranking Iranian officials, whereby U.S supported Iranians would be given weapons by Israel, and would proceed to negotiate with Hizbollah for the release of hostages in Lebanon.
While it would not do to come right out and deny the savagery of the Shah's legendary SAVAK secret police, Ledeen informs us that, under the monarch's beneficent rule, 'Iran had become too modern, too tolerant—especially of women and of other religious faiths—and too self-indulgent.
He has argued that the latter may eventually become necessary if negotiations with the Iranian government fail, but it would only be the least bad option of many options and it would lead to many negative unforeseen consequences.
Ledeen also believed that Iran is the main backer of the insurgency in Iraq and even supported the al-Qaida network formerly led by al-Zarqawi despite its declaration of jihad against Shi'ite Muslims.
For instance he has recommended in public talks that U.S. leaders question or challenge defeated Islamic militaries or forces regarding the apparent failure of Allah to assure their victory.
Barbara Ledeen sparked controversy in 2015 when she tried to launch her own investigation into Hillary Clinton's emails, while a staffer for Senator Chuck Grassley on the Senate Judiciary Committee which was looking into Trump's Russia issue.
According to FBI notes, she requested the assistance of both a defense contractor and Newt Gingrich who asked Judicial Watch for financial assistance for her efforts.
Matt Tate, a former British intelligence official, was approached by Peter W. Smith, an aid close to Gingerich and who was also working with Michael Flynn who is a confidant of Barbara Ledeen's husband, who Tate said Smith was obtaining Clinton's emails independently of Barbara Ledeen's efforts which Grassley had told her to stop.
Simone has worked both in Iraq and Afghanistan for the Department of Defense; Gabriel is currently a lieutenant in the United States Marines Corps serving his second tour in Iraq; Daniel too is currently a lieutenant in the USMC.
He has won one American Contract Bridge League national-level tournament, the 2009 Senior Swiss Teams, on a with Karen Allison, Lea Dupont and Benito Garozzo.
He has also partnered Jimmy Cayne, who was the oldest CEO on Wall Street when he oversaw the collapse of Bear Stearns firm in 2007 and 2008.
Cobar is a town in central western New South Wales, Australia whose economy is based mainly upon base metals and gold mining.
The Towsers Huts, 3km south of town but currently inaccessible to the public, are ruins of very simple colonial dwellings from around 1870.
The indigenous Ngiyampaa/Wangaapuwan traditions of this diverse bio-region are best represented in the rock art of Mount Grenfell, 40 km west of Cobar.
One of these pastoralists, a man known as 'Papa Cornish', rescued a party of Aboriginal trackers from near-certain death in the early 1870s; in gratitude, they guided him to Australia's largest copper deposit.
It and subsequent companies operated a number of light railways carrying ore and similar material, as well as timber for mine supports.
Several fine heritage buildings from the late 1880s/early 1900s settlement are still in existence, including the Great Western Hotel (1898), claimed to have the longest iron lace verandah in New South Wales, the Cobar Post Office (1885), the Cobar Court House (1887) and Court House Hotel (1895) in Barton Street, as well as the Cobar Heritage and Visitor Information Centre, located in the former Mines Office (1910).
On Hillston Road southeast out of town is Fort Bourke Hill, which affords a view of the town, as well as the historic Towser's Huts, a series of stone miners' cottages dating back as early as the 1890s, possibly even the 1870s, and built by an Italian miner by the name of Antonio Tozzi.
However, copper mining operations slowed in 1920, and by the 1930s the town's population had dropped to little over 1,000, only to rise again and stabilise at around 3,500 through the 1970s and early 1980s.
The New Occidental Hotel was a pub located on the edge of town and was built in 1879; it was known as the Star Hotel at that time.
It became a significant local spot for miners as well as a common meeting place for groups and clubs in the area.
In August 2014, a fire engulfed the building and resulted in the death of Daniel Howard, a firefighter called to the incident who later died at Dubbo Base Hospital.
The Cobar economy relies heavily on trade with the local mines and their employees, and consequently on world metal prices and hence is subject to great fluctuations.
During 2008, after a fall of 75% in world zinc prices, one local mine cut 540 of its 655 jobs, with flow-on effects felt by many other businesses.
Established in 2003 by the Cobar Business Association Inc (CBA), Cobar Quid is a currency that encourages its residents to shop locally.
The CBA sells the coins to the local business in values of $5, $10, $20 and $50 values, and the medallions are minted by the Royal Australian Mint.
They described themselves as a progressive socialist organisation and stated that their formation was prompted by the need for a strong opposition to the government.
They opposed dialogue with Spain and wanted to change the Constitution of Gibraltar, and support the right of Gibraltarians to decide their own constitutional arrangements under the principle of self-determination.
They proposed that no individual should serve as Chief Minister for more than two terms, and called for a more transparent form of funding of political parties.
In the 2003 General Election to the Gibraltar House of Assembly, the party won 9,445 votes (or 8.0% of the popular vote) and no seats.
This is the largest number of votes (in terms of both percentage and actual number of votes) for a Gibraltarian political party that has not won a seat in the Legislature throughout its electoral history.
Daniel Anthony Feetham QC MP (born 20 June 1967) is a Gibraltarian politician and lawyer who served as Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD) from 2013 to 2017.
The party had no seats in Parliament and contested the 2003 General Election, where Mr. Feetham obtained the largest number of votes for a leader of a third party since 1984 and his party the largest share of the vote by a third party since 1988 but no seats.
From 2004 to 2006 he was a member of the Gibraltar delegation that negotiated a new Constitution with the UK and co-ordinated the yes vote campaign in the referendum on the new Constitution in 2006.
He was elected to parliament as a GSD member in the 2007 elections and served as Gibraltar's first Minister of Justice for 4 years.
In the 2011 general election the GSD was defeated by a very narrow margin but Mr Feetham was elected to Parliament 52 votes behind the then leader Peter Caruana.
Mr Feetham became deputy leader of the GSD in 2012 and in February 2013 he was elected as leader of the GSD and became Leader of the Opposition until June 2017 when he stepped aside for family reasons.
His attacker was on bail at the time on charges of attempted murder of a doctor at St Bernard's Hospital and stabbed Mr Feetham because he had been declined, by a judge, legal aid to retain an English QC to represent him rather than having local representation.
In 2003, he contested the General Election as leader of the Gibraltar Labour Party, who won 8.3% of the popular vote and no seats.
He was responsible for the development of hardware and software for artificial intelligence research and worked specifically on the sparse distributed memory project at NASA's Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS).
LaMothe is a best selling author and has written numerous books on 2D/3D game development and developed video games for the PC and mobile platforms.
LaMothe is the creator of the first DIY game consoles including the XGameStation XGS ME, HYDRA, PropC3, XGS AVR, XGS PIC and numerous other gaming hardware platforms.
The machine that he invented appears, from the patent, to have been similar to a typewriter, but nothing further is known.
The eldest son of Andrew and Dorothy Mill, was born in 1683 or 1684; according to his epitaph he was a relation of Sir Hugh Myddelton.
He died unmarried at his house in Strand, London on 26 December 1771, and he was buried in Breamore Church, near Salisbury, with a long epitaph to his memory.
Its first executive director was ten-term congressman John B. Anderson (R-Ill.), who ran as an Independent candidate in the 1980 presidential election.
Other officials involved with CNI over the years include long-time president Eugene Bird, a retired career foreign service officer; Edward Peck, former Chief of Mission to Iraq deputy director of the White House Task Force on Terrorism in the Reagan Administration.
; former United States Senator James Abourezk; former CNI Vice-chair David Newton, a former United States Ambassador to Iraq and Yemen, and Richard H. Curtiss, former chief inspector of the United States Information Agency.
In 1988 CNI President Eugene Bird wrote about Israel's ignoring United States State Department complaints about detention and possible torture of U.S. citizens.
In early 2002, Eugene Bird criticized then-United States President George W. Bush for supporting Israel's policies in the occupied West Bank.
In 2005 a representative criticized a World Bank’s proposed plan to give Palestinians money to enhance check points, noting that if those checkpoints were in the occupied territories it was against international law.
In October 2006 CNI published a piece on the negative effect of Christian Zionists on U.S. foreign policy, and held a forum on the topic featuring Reverend Bob Edgar of the National Council of Churches.
In the first days of the 2008–2009 Gaza War, CNI issued a statement comparing the attacks to the 1960 Sharpeville massacre where the South African apartheid regime killed 69 protesters, leading eventually to sanctions against the regime.
It also commissioned a Zogby poll which found 56 per cent of Americans agreed that Congress should pass such a bill.
In February 2005 CNI joined other concerned organizations in a meeting with Department of State officials regarding Israeli mistreatment of Palestinian American prisoners and called for the release of some of the prisoners.
In July 2006 CNI co-sponsored a protest of over 400 people at the Israeli Embassy during the 2006 Lebanon War between Israel and Hezbollah.
In 2007 CNI joined 30 other groups calling for the U.S. government to obtain detailed site information on Israel's cluster bomb strikes in Lebanon during its 2006 attacks on that nation.
A 2003 a Zogby International poll showed that while 56 percent of Americans strongly support or somewhat support a Palestinian state, 30 percent somewhat or strongly oppose a Palestinian state.
In 2008 CNI sponsored a hearing on the dangers of United States' uncritical support for Israel which featured professor John Mearsheimer.
These have included Hezbollah's Naim Qassim, Nawaf Ammar and Ibrahim Mousawi and Lebanon's Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Michel Aoun, Walid Jumblatt and Sheik Abed al Karem Obeid.
In Spring 2006 CNI members, including Edward Peck, conducted a fact-finding tour of the Middle East region, meeting with heads of state and acting as international observers in the Palestinian election process.
In preparation for the November 2007 Annapolis Conference to discuss a two-state solution for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, CNI funded a 2007 trip by six representatives, including Ambassador Robert V. Keeley and Daniel Lieberman.
They met in face-to-face talks with prime ministers, foreign ministers and non-government officials of Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.
The tour of Gaza, Israel, the West Bank, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon was led by Harriet Mayor Fulbright, wife of the late U.S.
She later wrote Secretary of State Hillary Clinton asking her to urge Israel to allow freer movement in and out of Gaza and to allow U.S. diplomats to meet with Hamas and Hezbollah officials.
In 2010 a delegation of politicians, academics and members of the Council for the National Interest met with Gaza Strip Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh.
In 2000, Pete McCloskey gave a speech at a conference of the Institute for Historical Review, which publishes Holocaust denial material.
When McCloskey ran in the 2006 Republican Party primary for Congress, which he would lose, there was a public controversy over exactly what he said about the Holocaust at the event.
In 2004, Alamoudi pleaded guilty to financial and conspiracy charges related to terrorism and was subsequently sentenced to 23 years in prison.
Eugene Bird explained that at the time he joined CNI Alamoudi was a highly regarded Muslim spokesperson who worked with the United States Department of State.
In 2006 the Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington cancelled a poetry reading by the Partners for Peace group because it rented office space from CNI.
Zimmermann who had been a major during the war, was also criticized for the somewhat militaristic vocabulary he had used during the match.
However, TV was more prominent now as most people had access to TV sets, so fewer and fewer people heard his reports.
On 11 December 1966 Zimmermann, who was known as a notoriously bad driver, had an accident in his car and died from his injuries five days later.
Solitaire is any tabletop game which one can play by oneself, or a single-player game of concentration and skill using a set layout of tiles, pegs or stones.
Time is the ninth studio album by English rock band Electric Light Orchestra (credited as ELO), released 2 July 1981 on Jet Records.
It is a concept album about a man from the 1980s who is taken to the year 2095, where he is confronted by the dichotomy between technological advancement and a longing for past romance.
The record topped the UK Albums Chart for two weeks and has since attracted a cult following, particularly among retrofuturist enthusiasts.
The album's musical style draws from the 1950s, new wave, reggae, rockabilly and the work of artists such as the Beatles, Phil Spector and the Shadows.
The change in the band's sound, particularly the lack of orchestral strings, came as a considerable shock to some ELO fans.
Preben Hertoft (5 January 1928 – 26 February 2017), was a Danish psychiatrist and professor in medical sexology, senior doctorate in medicine.
After the death of his mentor Kirsten Auken, Hertoft worked over 40 years as a sexologist doing research, treatment, counseling and education.
Most of the time he had heterosexual and homosexual patients with sexual problems in therapy, but he also treated and counselled transvestites and pedophiles.
A 1914 seven-compartment side-corridor third built by Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon for the Glasgow and South Western Railway is preserved by the Scottish Railway Preservation Society at Falkirk.
Many hundreds of carriages built for the L&Y (mainly at Newton Heath works) came into LMS stock, including some 6-wheel saloons.
Currently two ex-L&Y carriages taken into LMS service have been preserved and restored for irregular public use on the Worth Valley Railway, although one is mounted on a BR underframe built at Wolverton in 1956.
Very many types of coaches were built to suit the various services and needs but, in general, the progression of design features was a logical one.
Three quite distinct periods of design can be recognised, the last of which continued until after nationalisation of the railways in Britain.
They were wooden framed and panelled, had a fully beaded body with a semi-elliptical roof, doors to all compartments of side-corridor coaches, and were mounted on a steel underframe derived from the final Midland Railway design.
The coaches were fitted with non-automatic screw couplers and gangwayed stock made use of scissors-type British Standard pattern corridor connection (as also used on the Great Western Railway).
Most coaches ran on two four-wheel bogies which were of a 9 ft 0 in wheelbase single bolster design which hardly changed for the whole of the company's life.
Some special vehicles ran on twelve wheel chassis and the six-wheel bogie on these vehicles was of 12 ft 6 in wheel-base, based on the London and North Western Railway design.
Certain characteristic Midland Railway features were incorporated in the design of early LMS coaches which distinguished them from those of other lines.
This took the form of two rectangular windows side by side (one fixed and one drop-light), rather than a single window or centre drop-light with two flanking quarterlight arrangement.
During this period, the LMS company introduced a considerable quantity of conventional coaches which were comfortable and well built but whose designs were not particularly revolutionary.
Externally, these early LMS coaches were extremely attractive in the fully panelled and beaded style and with the fully lined Crimson Lake livery.
At first there were two such windows in each compartment (one fixed and one frameless droplight) in the manner of the characteristic Midland pattern vestibule coaches already considered.
They differed from the normal twin-window style in having frameless droplights and Stones ventilators over both windows and the style soon became adopted for other vehicles.
By 1930 it had made its appearance in some composites, this time with but one Stones ventilator centrally over the window pair and with large 4 ft 6 in wide corridor side windows.
Five of these coaches were semi-open firsts that had three compartments all finished in a different style with only four seats in each; each passenger thus had a corner seat.
The other five coaches were equally luxurious lounge brakes with accommodation for 10 first class passengers in eight individual armchairs and a settee.
These 10 vehicles were followed in 1929 by a similarly styled batch of 25 neutral vestibule coaches for either first or third class passengers.
Although these 1928–29 coaches had single windows, they were still of the high-waisted design with full exterior beading - as indeed were most LMS coaches to this time - and there is some evidence that although the single window was more appreciated than the earlier arrangement, it was not always easy to see out of it because of the high waist.
This was, apparently, particularly irksome in the lounge brakes which with their very low seated chairs were, seemingly, never very popular.
These were open thirds and brake thirds, together with a large number of full brakes, which were built by outside contractors, probably to assist the steel industry at that time.
Construction apart, however, their two-window style and interior layout showed no advance on the other coaches of the time while externally they were finished in a pseudo fully beaded style.
The start of the second phase in LMS carriage design was almost contemporary with the introduction of the previously mentioned high-waisted, single window designs and the new trend of thought was first exemplified by the appearance in 1929 of six luxury brake firsts with two-a-side compartment seating and somewhat palatial toilet accommodation.
This low waisted trend in design only partially set the pattern for new construction because corridor composites continued to come out in the fully beaded two-window style and the corridor thirds and brake thirds continued to have full compartment doors until 1930.
Thus there was a certain amount of overlapping styles during the first part of the second period of LMS coach building.
Some of these, which were classified as dining vehicles were built as firsts but were downgraded a few years later on the advent of the Stanier firsts.
However, a much larger group of low-waisted vestibule coaches was the , 56 seat version of which 300 were built in 1931-2 and differed from the version in that they were steel clad with simulated external beading in paint.
Although mainly confined to composites and brake composites, it was a batch of corridor thirds in 1930 that really set new standards.
Although the traditional four on each side seating was retained, the compartments were no less than 6 ft 6 in between partitions.
However, no more were built possibly because they were a little extravagant of space and large numbers of the earlier designs had been built between 1924 and 1928.
On the specialised coaching side, this second phase of design was represented mainly by dining cars of which 36 were built which made amends for the relative lack of new dining cars during the first six years of the LMS.
There were also two batches of 12-wheel composite sleeping cars built at this time that retained a high waist and certain LNWR styling features but were flush clad with frameless droplights.
The LMS flush sided coach, of which many examples still remained as late as 1967-8, differed in appearance from its predecessors mainly in the shape of its windows which now exhibited well-rounded corners.
All the earlier coaches had, of course, been built with slightly rounded window corner mouldings but by comparison with Stanier vehicles, the Period I and II coach window was almost square cornered.
During Period I, the favoured method of admitting fresh air was the droplight which was frequently supplemented by and finally (in Period II) in large measure superseded by the Stones and Dewel pattern glass vane ventilator.
Initially this was quite shallow with only one section moveable but in 1934 this was replaced by a deeper ventilator with two wide sliding sections which remained almost until the end.
From about 1947-8, the sliding portions were somewhat shortened and in this form were retained as a feature of the British Railways (BR) standard coach.
During the Stanier period, non-corridor coaches varied little from the pattern laid down in the 1920s except for the flush clad exterior.
No inter district lavatory sets were built during the Stanier regime and apart from a few lavatory composites for the London Tilbury and Southend section, all the Stanier non-corridor stock was of the suburban type.
There was an interesting batch of articulated triplets made in 1938 but these do not seem to have been very popular.
LMS design coaches continued to be built for several years after 1947 until the introduction of the British Railways Mark 1.
This short-lived period was, in fact, little more than a continuation of the Stanier era and was not really a new phase in the same sense that the flush sided stock itself was.
This stock actually commenced building a year or two after 1947 and was, therefore, not strictly LMS stock as such but it was in the direct tradition of LMS coach building practice and has, therefore, been included here.
It differed from the last versions of the Stanier stock proper (which themselves were built well into BR days) principally in the circular toilet windows which replaced the earlier rectangular ones, but also in having post-war torpedo ventilators and the final style of sliding window ventilators.
It was the last ELO album with bass guitarist Kelly Groucutt, conductor Louis Clark and real stringed instruments, and the last ELO album to be released on the Jet label.
Word of the album's impending release in the United States caused enough of a furore to cause CBS Records to delete the cover blurb there.
On completion of this album, Lynne dismissed bass guitarist Groucutt after he sued for alleged lost royalties and later received a settlement out of court.
The record was originally going to be a double album, but this plan was thwarted by Jet's distributor, CBS Records, claiming that producing a double vinyl album would be too expensive; as a result, leader Jeff Lynne would have to reduce it to a single album.
Zoom is the twelfth studio album by British symphonic rock band Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), released on 12 June 2001 on Epic Records.
The only other ELO member appearing on the album, Richard Tandy, appears on the opening track and performed live in promotional concerts.
Although billed as a return to the classic ELO sound, the album sales were relatively poor and a planned North American concert tour was cancelled.
A remaster by Frontiers was released on 19 April 2013 in the UK, and on 23 April 2013 in the US, and included four previously unreleased bonus tracks; two of them being live recordings from the 2001 Zoom Tour Live PBS taping at CBS Television City in Los Angeles.
Solar Eclipse is a 1995 space flight simulation video game developed and published by Crystal Dynamics, released exclusively for the Sega Saturn in North America and Japan.
In practice, however, it was the Council that governed, since the Governor-General was (with few exceptions) bound to act on its advice.
The Executive Council included a prime minister called the President of the Executive Council and a deputy prime minister called the Vice-President.
A member of the Council was called an executive minister, as distinct from an extern minister who had charge of a department without being in the Council.
The President of the Executive Council was appointed by the Governor-General after being nominated by Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament), and the remaining Executive Ministers were nominated by the President.
In practice this meant that, as in Canada, the Governor-General was in most cases required to act on the advice of the Executive Council.
The remaining cabinet ministers were also nominated by the President but had to be approved by a vote of consent in the Dáil.
Initially the constitution provided that the Executive Council would consist of between five and seven ministers (not including its president) but under a constitutional amendment adopted in 1927 this maximum limit was increased to twelve.
Similarly, initially it was required that all cabinet members hold seats in the Dáil, but an amendment in 1929 provided that one member could be a senator.
The fact that an Executive Council that had lost the confidence of the Dáil could not request a dissolution created the possibility of a political stalemate.
It meant that if the Executive Council resigned after being defeated, and the Dáil could not agree on a new Council, a Catch-22 situation might be created, in which the inability of the Dáil to choose a cabinet could not be resolved by the holding of a general election.
Unlike the equivalent position since 1937 of Taoiseach, the President of the Executive Council did not have authority to dismiss ministers individually.
Additionally, the President of the Council could not ask the Governor-General to dissolve the Dáil on his own initiative, but the Council as a whole had to do so.
This meant that the position of the President was weaker than that of most modern prime ministers, and he was its chairman as much as he was its leader.
It replaced two previous cabinets: the Ministry of Dáil Éireann of the Irish Republic established under the Dáil Constitution and the Provisional Government established under the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
The Irish Free State had the status of a dominion of the British Commonwealth and the Irish Executive Council derived its name from organs of government found in other dominions.
Firstly, it was a cabinet, whereas the Executive Councils of Australia and New Zealand each serve a role closer to that of a privy council.
Secondly, whereas in the Free State the President of the Executive Council was the head of government, in Australia it is the Governor-General who is formally its president, although he need not attend all of its meetings.
Contrary to the practice in New Zealand and Australia, the executive councils of the provinces of Canada are closer in role to the Free State cabinet, and are presided over by each province's premier.
From 11 December 1936 to 29 December 1937, the remaining months of the Irish Free State, the executive authority and a number of the Governor-General's other functions were exercised by the Executive Council directly, but in practice this change was merely symbolic.
The Executive Council itself was replaced in 1937 by a new cabinet, called simply the Government, established under the new Constitution of Ireland.
The Irish Free State was a constitutional monarchy, initially one of the dominions within the British Empire (later the Commonwealth of Nations), whose monarch had the same title in all parts of the Empire and its territories, and the Free State government was sometimes referred to as His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State.
After the 1926 Imperial Conference, attended by Cosgrave as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the King's title was changed under the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927.
But the description went out of use at least by 1937, when the Constitution of Ireland came into effect as a result of de Valera's process of constitutional autochthony.
Any remaining vestige of the monarch's part in the constitution, or doubt about the person or office of the head of state, was removed when the state was finally declared to be a republic, as from 18 April 1949, under the Republic of Ireland Act 1948.
The doll was very popular during its launch, however the line was discontinued in 2004 due to Ohio Art's toy shipments falling to 15 percent because of weak retail markets and strong competition in the fashion doll market.
The new Betty Spaghetty dolls were released later that year, but were discontinued a second time a year later due to lackluster sales.
Moose Toys revealed at the 2016 Toy Fair that Betty Spaghetty would be sold as part of their brand in the fall of 2016.
Nílton dos Santos (; 16 May 1925 – 27 November 2013) was a Brazilian footballer who primarily played as a wingback.
Regarded as one of the greatest defenders in the history of the game, Nílton Santos is a member of the World Team of the 20th Century, and was named by Pelé one of the top 125 greatest living footballers at a FIFA Awards ceremony in 2004.
Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was a pioneering attacking left back, being one of the first full backs to make runs down the wing to participate in the offensive game.
Nílton was a key player in defence during the 1954, 1958 and 1962 World Cup finals (he was also in the Brazilian squad for the 1950 finals, but made no appearances) and became famous for scoring a magnificent goal in the 1958 tournament when Brazil played Austria.
Dribbling his way through the whole field, he finished with a superb shot, driving his coach Vicente Feola crazy (he kept on insisting for Nílton to retreat to the defensive field, but was ignored until the goal was scored).
Nílton Santos played for only two teams in his professional career; Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas and the Brazilian national team collecting 75 caps and scoring 3 goals.
He was the fourth 1958 World Cup champion to die in a few months, after Djalma Santos died in July 2013, Gilmar and De Sordi both in August 2013 and all of them within a year of the 2014 World Cup in their native Brazil.
On the constitutional status of Gibraltar, the party supported a new status, calling for Gibraltar's establishment as a devolved autonomous territory, integrated within a decentralised federal Britain.
The party also called for the creation of a local Parliament for Gibraltar, a Member of Parliament (MP) to sit in the British House of Commons in Westminster, and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) to represent Gibraltar in the European Parliament.
Lyana Armstrong-Emery was voted by the party to take the position on the joint list agreed with the Green Party for the European Elections.
Gibraltar is part of the South West England constituency in the European parliament and its major parties form joint ticket alliances with the major UK parties.
In 2004, the only EU election that it participated in before its dissolution, Reform had been in an alliance with the Green Party.
In the 1994 film, Dr. Jackson is an archaeologist who is a part of the first team to go through the Stargate on a reconnaissance mission, led by Colonel Jack O'Neil.
Jackson is part of SG-1 until his death at the end of the season 5, when he is replaced by Jonas Quinn.
Jackson appears in the series until the finale at the end of the tenth season, and appears in both direct-to-DVD films that act as sequels to the series.
Born on July 8, 1965, Daniel Jackson is the only living child of Melburn and Claire Jackson, archaeologists who were crushed to death while supervising the placement of a piece of Egyptian art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Daniel's maternal grandfather and only living relative, Nick Ballard (played by Jan Rubeš), was a noted Dutch archaeologist and too busy to take the orphaned Jackson under his wing.
Though placed in foster care, Daniel visited his grandfather in a mental institution until they had an argument over his failing career and Daniel left.
Daniel became an archaeologist and linguist who speaks 23 earthly (plus several extraterrestrial) languages—he is shown speaking at least English, Russian, German, Spanish, Mandarin Chinese, Egyptian, Goa'uld, Ancient, and Unas.
However, he finds little acceptance there of his theory that the Pyramids of Giza are much older than they are thought to be.
An aged woman named Catherine Langford approaches him to offer him a job deciphering the cover-stones of a device found in Egypt.
Jackson then travels with a team, led by Jack O'Neill, through the Stargate, and they discover that it leads to the planet Abydos.
After winning the battle to free the Abydonians from the System Lord Ra, Daniel decides not to return to Earth with the rest of the team and to instead live the rest of his life learning about the culture and history of Abydos, with its culture based on that of ancient Egypt.
The Kelownan scientist Jonas Quinn takes Daniel's place on SG-1 during season 6, although the rest of the team find it hard to get over Daniel's absence.
Ascended Daniel visits O'Neill and Teal'c during times of crisis, but the laws of ascended beings forbid him to directly interfere, with his visits simply consisting of providing moral support to his old teammates as they face torturous experiences on their own.
Before Daniel can destroy Anubis, he is whisked away, but Oma helps Daniel by ascending the entire population of Abydos before Anubis destroys the planet.
Daniel spends much of season 7 trying to tap into his Ascended memories of his time of Ascension and to find the Lost City of the Ancients.
The discovery of an Ancient communication device transports their minds to a village in a distant galaxy where they make contact with the Ori.
Before the time dilation field is reversed after fifty years, erasing all linked memories in the process, Daniel and Vala express their feelings for each other.
In the time following the conclusion of Stargate Atlantis, Jackson still works for the Stargate Command (SGC), along with Dr. Nicholas Rush.
Jackson is attempting to unlock the 9th Chevron address, which would be later opened by Eli Wallace at the Icarus Base.
Rush's research team by recording a series of instructional videos explaining the stargate, the history of the ancients, the stargate addressing system and hyperdrive technology.
Daniel develops a love-hate relationship with Vala Mal Doran between seasons 8 and 10; it is established multiple times that their feelings for each other are far deeper than either of them care to admit.
Vala's daughter, the Orici Adria, develops an attraction to Daniel while attempting to convert him to the path of Origin during season 10.
On a personal level, Jackson is very close to his teammates on the original SG-1, with each of them constantly depicted as willing to go to great lengths to protect each other, even with such moments as Teal'c's role in Sha're being taken by Apophis or Jack distancing himself from the others to go undercover and expose the NID's theft of alien artifacts.
McKay's feeling is mutual, and they engaged in a verbal sparring match throughout their time together, but they at least have a mutual respect for each other's accomplishments.
Dr. Jackson utilizes his skills in all three fields throughout the film as it becomes evident that he specializes in Egyptology.
As a character, which further exemplifies this stereotype, Daniel represents an antithesis to the military stereotype of shoot first, ask questions later.
Jackson is frequently depicted as approaching other cultures; past, present, and future, in a culturally sensitive manner, sometimes siding with their interests above those of the military back on Earth.
Pseudo-archaeology operates, generally, outside of the empirical and analytical methods of the profession of archaeology, and often is associated with claims of extraterrestrial life, magic, and other phenomena.
In the fictional universe of Stargate, Daniel is proven correct about his claims that the Egyptian pyramids are much older than anyone believes, and even finds out they are of extraterrestrial design.
Daniel's first death is by staff blast while he defends O'Neil; he is resurrected by Ra with a sarcophagus in the film.
In the series first instance of an alternate timeline, the Daniel from that timeline is also presumed dead as his last known location is Egypt which is shown to have been attacked by the Goa'uld.
In Daniel is feared dead when he asks Carter and Mitchell to leave him behind while they search for help in the Arctic, only to be rescued by Col. O'Neill.
Jackson is again killed by a Jaffa staff weapon near the end before Mitchell uses Ba'al's time-travel device to prevent Ba'al invading and conquering Earth.
Mostly because of his manual-labourist view of acting, he accepted the role as a regular job that earned him some money.
Panicking fans started massive write-in fan campaigns to save the show and the character, partly conflating the two issues, but Sci-Fi Channel decided to continue the show and fill the void with a new character.
The hectometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: hm) or hectometer (American spelling) is an uncommonly used unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundred metres.
Aspropyrgos consists of a residential downtown area and an industrial area where a number of storage warehouses, metal recycling facilities, logistics handlers, wholesalers, small construction companies and other industrial businesses operate.
The refinery includes depots in the southern and eastern parts, and some in the western part and at a dock to the southwest.
George Henry Peabody, who came from a line of merchants, bankers and professional men, had moved from Connecticut to Columbus, Georgia, where he ran a prosperous general store.
The Civil War, however, impoverished his family, and in 1866 they moved to Brooklyn, New York, and young Peabody went to work as an errand boy.
During the 1880s and 1890s this investment house took a leading part in financing electric lighting corporations, sugar beet and other industrial enterprises, and railroad construction in the western United States and Mexico.
Peabody, his brother Charles Jones Peabody and Spencer Trask amassed a great portion of their wealth from the Edison Electric Company.
Trask served as president of Edison Electric Illuminating, and when J. P. Morgan—protégé of New England businessman/philanthropist George Peabody—financier of Edison Electric, merged all into the General Electric Company in 1892, George Foster Peabody became a member of the GE board of directors.
He was director of the Mexican National Railroad; and had holdings in Yucatan, where he was involved in commercial henequen exports, a natural twine used for binding wheat; was a director of the Intercontinental Rubber Company, founded by Bernard Baruch; and provided capital for mining enterprises.
He was a co-founder, director and treasurer of the General Education Board, the Southern Education Board, and the Anna T. Jeans Foundation.
He also served on the board of trustees for the American Church Institute for Negroes, Hampton University in Virginia, Tuskegee University in Alabama, the University of Georgia, and the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute.
In the early 1880s, he helped his close friend Edward M. Shepard organize the Young Men's Democratic Club of Brooklyn, took a part in the 1892 presidential campaign on behalf of Grover Cleveland, supported the Gold Democrats against William Jennings Bryan in 1896, then switched to more moderate monetary reform as a member of the executive committee of the Indianapolis Monetary Convention in 1897.
Although he declined to run for political office, and declined President Wilson's offer of a place on the Federal Trade Commission, Peabody was an unofficial counselor to many government officials.
In June 1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, then Governor of New York, visited Peabody for advice and support in deciding to run for President of the United States.
Peabody served from 1884 to 1930 as a trustee of Hampton University, one of Virginia's historically black universities, where he established in the university library the Peabody Collection of rare materials on African-American history, one of the largest collections in the United States.
After years of visiting the estate of his partner Spencer Trask in Saratoga Springs, New York Peabody agreed to succeed him in 1910 as chairman of the state commission set up to purchase and conserve the famous spa there, and in 1923 he acquired the property at Warm Springs, Georgia near his boyhood home.
In 1924 he invited his friend Franklin Delano Roosevelt (who had recently contracted a paralytic illness) to visit the 90 degree Fahrenheit springs there, which Roosevelt eventually purchased and turned into the Little White House and the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation, expanding it from a limited rehab center into a full-service center.
While his formal education was limited and he had no college degree, Peabody received honorary degrees from Harvard and Washington and Lee Universities in 1903, and the University of Georgia in 1906.
This latter institution was the recipient of much of Peabody's philanthropy, including funds to build a fireproof building to house the university's library.
Perhaps Peabody's best-known legacy is the George Foster Peabody Awards, presented annually since 1941 by the University of Georgia's Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication for excellence in radio, and, since 1948, television broadcasting, followed by World Wide Web content in the late 1990s.
A tall man, in later years he developed a mane of white hair, and wore a heavy mustache and pointed beard, becoming known for his dignified and courtly manner.
He was frequently a guest at Yaddo, the Saratoga Springs estate of Spencer Trask and his wife, Katrina Trask, and from both estates he developed a wide circle of influence, including many persons from the literary world, church, business, and government, who came to enjoy his gracious hospitality.
A longtime bachelor, in 1920, eleven years after Trask's death in a railroad accident, Peabody married Trasl's widow Katrina, and they lived at Yaddo until her death in 1922.
Peabody continued to live on the estate, and in 1926 he adopted a daughter, Mrs. Marjorie P. Waite, a young woman whom he had come to know in connection with his civic and humanitarian activities and who aided him in them.
Islamic terrorism, Islamist terrorism or radical Islamic terrorism are terrorist acts against civilians committed by violent Islamists who claim a religious motivation.
The largest numbers of incidents and fatalities caused by Islamic terrorism have occurred in places like Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Yemen and Syria.
In 2015 four Islamic extremist groups were responsible for 74% of all deaths from Islamic terrorism: ISIS, Boko Haram, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, according to the Global Terrorism Index 2016.
Since approximately 2000, these incidents have occurred on a global scale, affecting not only Muslim-majority states in Africa and Asia, but also states with non-Muslim majority such as United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Russia, Australia, Canada, Israel, China, India and Philippines along with some occasional targeting of citizens from Italy, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, South Korea and Japan.
In a number of the worst-affected Muslim-majority regions, these terrorists have been met by armed, independent resistance groups, state actors and their proxies, and elsewhere by condemnation coming from prominent Islamic figures.
Justifications given for attacks on civilians by Islamic extremist groups come from extreme interpretations of the Quran and Hadith, and sharia law.
After the Al-Qaeda September 11 attacks, US president George W. Bush and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair repeatedly stated that the war against terrorism had nothing to do with Islam, but was a war against evil.
After failed post-colonial attempts at state formation and the creation of Israel, a series of Marxist and anti-Western transformations and movements swept throughout the Arab and Islamic world.
These movements were nationalist and revolutionary not Islamic but their view that terrorism could be effective in reaching their political goals generated the first phase of modern international terrorism.
In the late 1960s, Palestinian secular movements such as Al Fatah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) began to target civilians outside the immediate arena of conflict.
Following Israel's 1967 defeat of Arab forces, Palestinian leaders began to see that the Arab world was unable to militarily confront Israel.
During the same time, lessons drawn from revolutionary movements in Latin America, North Africa, Southeast Asia as well as during the Jewish struggle against Britain in Palestine, saw the Palestinians turn away from guerrilla warfare towards urban terrorism.
According to Bruce Hoffman of RAND, in 1980 two out of 64 terrorist groups were categorized as having religious motivation, in 1995 almost half (26 out of 56) were religiously motivated with the majority having Islam as their guiding force.
The Soviet–Afghan War and the subsequent anti-Soviet mujahedin war, lasting from 1979 to 1989, started the rise and expansion of terrorist groups.
Since their beginning in 1994, the Pakistani-supported Taliban militia in Afghanistan has gained several characteristics traditionally associated with state-sponsors of terrorism, providing logistical support, travel documentation, and training facilities.
Since 1989 the increasing willingness of religious extremists to strike targets outside immediate country or regional areas highlights the global nature of contemporary terrorism.
The 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, and the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, are representative of this trend.
Many of the victims were Muslims, including most of the victims who were killed in attacks involving 12 or more deaths..
However, two studies of the background of Muslim terrorists in Europe—one of the UK and one of France—found little connection between religious piety and terrorism.
Donald Holbrook, a Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, analyzes a sample of 30 works by jihadist propagandists and finds several passages of the Quran exploited and distorted to suit the objectives of violent jihad.
Supporters of bin Laden have also pointed to reports according to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad attacked towns at night or with catapults, and argued that he must have condoned incidental harm to noncombatants, since it would have been impossible to distinguish them from combatants during such attacks.
The Pakistani theologian Javed Ahmad Ghamidi blames Muslim madrasas that indoctrinate children with Islamic supremacist views, such as that Muslims are legally superior to unbelievers (particularly former Muslims), and that jihad will eventually bring about a single caliphate to rule the world.
Being a religious obligation, jihad is elaborately regulated in sharia law, which discusses in minute detail such matters as the opening, conduct, interruption and cessation of hostilities, the treatment of prisoners and noncombatants, the use of weapons, etc...
... A point on which they insist is the need for a clear declaration of war before beginning hostilities, and for proper warning before resuming hostilities after a truce.
What the classical jurists of Islam never remotely considered is the kind of unprovoked, unannounced mass slaughter of uninvolved civil populations that we saw in New York two weeks ago.
Wael Hallaq writes that in the modern era the notion of jihad has lost its jurisprudential relevance and instead gave rise to an ideological and political discourse.
While modernists view jihad as defensive and compatible with modern standards of warfare, some Islamists go beyond the classical theory to insist that the purpose of jihad is the fight against oppressive regimes and conversion of non-Muslims to Islam.
Dame Eliza Manningham Buller, the former head of MI5, told the Iraq inquiry, the security services warned Tony Blair launching the War on Terror would increase the threat of terrorism.
However, Martin Kramer, who debated Pape on origins of suicide bombing, stated that the motivation for suicide attacks is not just strategic logic but also an interpretation of Islam to provide a moral logic.
Kramer explains that the Israeli occupation of the South Lebanon Security Zone raised the temperature necessary for this reinterpretation of Islam, but occupation alone would not have been sufficient for suicide terrorism.
Maajid Nawaz and Sam Harris argue that many acts of Islamic extremism can not be connected in any way with the Western intervention in Muslim lands.
While personal humiliation does not turn out to be a motivation for those attempting to kill civilians, the perception that others with whom one feels a common bond are being humiliated can be a powerful driver for action.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, al-Qaeda, Al-Shabaab (militant group), Boko Haram, Indonesian Mujahedeen Council, Taliban, Sipah Sahaba, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Hizbul Mujahideen follow Wahabi or Salafi ideology which is commonly opposed by other Muslims.
Islamists often identify what they see as a historical struggle between Christianity and Islam, dating back as far as the Crusades, among other historical conflicts between practitioners of the two respective religions.
Osama bin Laden, for example, almost invariably described his enemies as aggressive and his call for action against them as defensive.
Hence, framing a fight as defensive has the advantage of both appearing to be a victim rather than appearing to be an aggressor, and giving the struggle the very highest religious priority for all good Muslims.
The historic rivalry between Hindus and Muslims in the Indian subcontinent has also often been the primary motive behind some of the most deadly terrorist attacks in India.
Islamists have claimed that such unrestricted free speech has led to the proliferation of pornography, immorality, secularism, homosexuality, feminism, and many other ideas that Islamists often oppose.
Similarly, Reuters reported that pornography was found among the materials seized from Osama bin Laden's Abbottabad compound that was raided by U.S. Navy SEALs.
She also cautioned how difficult it was to gain a proper perspective, saying that although there are more important dangers we face daily without feeling so threatened by them, such as climate change and road deaths, and though terrorist deaths were few, the intelligence services had prevented some potentially large threats and that vigilance was needed.
With the exception of Abul Ala Maududi and Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, none of Qutbism's main theoreticians trained at Islam's recognized centers of learning.
Islamist-based fundamentalist terrorism against Western nations and the U.S. in particular, has numerous motivations and takes place the larger context of a complex and tense relationship between the 'West' and the Arab and Muslim 'world,' which is highlighted in the previous section on motivations and Islamic terrorism.
Identity-based theoretical frameworks, including theories of social identity, social categorization theory, and psychodynamics are used to explain the reasons terrorism occurs.
Bin Laden's ideology and interpretation of Islam led to the creation of al-Qaeda in response to perceived threats against the Muslim community by the Soviet Union, the U.S. in particular due to its troop presence in Saudi Arabia, and American support for Israel.
In this three-stage process of identification, the Arab and Muslim world(s) are the social group(s), in which their members learn stereotypes and norms which categorize their social group vis-à-vis the West.
This social categorization process creates feelings of high-level in-group support and allegiance among Arabs and Muslims and the particular context within which members of the Arab and Muslim world(s) social group(s) understand all situations that involve the West.
In 2011, U.S. President Barack Obama stated that apart from crude oil, the exports of the entire Greater Middle East with its 400 million population roughly equals that of Switzerland.
It has also been estimated that the exports of Finland, a European country of only five million, exceeded those of the entire 370 million-strong Arab world, excluding oil and natural gas.
This economic stagnation is argued by historian David Fromkin in his work A Peace to End All Peace to have commenced with the demise of the Ottoman Empire in 1924, with trade networks being disrupted and societies torn apart with the creation of new nation states.
Although the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the Sick man of Europe, the parts of the Middle East under Ottoman rule still had a diverse and steady growing economy with more general prosperity.
According to Scott Atran, a NATO researcher studying suicide terrorism, the available evidence contradicts a number of simplistic explanations for the motivations of terrorists, including mental instability, poverty, and feelings of humiliation.
What the recruits tended to have in common—besides their urbanity, their cosmopolitan backgrounds, their education, their facility with languages, and their computer skills—was displacement.
This profile differs from that found among recent local (as opposed to global) Islamist suicide bombers in Afghanistan, according to a 2007 study of 110 suicide bombers by Afghan pathologist Dr. Yusef Yadgari.
Daniel Byman, a Middle East expert at the Brookings Institution, and Christine Fair, an assistant professor in peace and security studies at Georgetown University, say that many of the Islamic terrorists are foolish and untrained, perhaps even untrainable.
Fred Halliday, a British academic specialist on the Middle East, argues that most Muslims consider these acts to be egregious violations of Islam's laws.
Michael Sells and Jane I. Smith (a Professor of Islamic Studies) argues that barring some extremists like al-Qaeda, most Muslims do not interpret Qur'anic verses as promoting warfare today but rather as reflecting historically dated contexts.
Muslims living in the West denounce the September 11th attacks against United States, while Hezbollah contends that their rocket attacks against Israeli targets are defensive Jihad by a legitimate resistance movement rather than terrorism.
Huston Smith, an author on comparative religion, argued that extremists have hijacked Islam, just as has occurred periodically in Christianity, Hinduism and other religions throughout history.
Qatar-based theologian, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, criticized the 9/11 attacks but previously justified suicide bombings in Israel on the grounds of necessity and justified such attacks in 2004 against American military and civilian personnel in Iraq.
A group of Pakistani clerics of Jamaat Ahl-e-Sunnah (Barelvi movement) who were gathered for a convention denounced suicide attacks and beheadings as un-Islamic in a unanimous resolution.
On July 2, 2013 in Lahore, 50 Muslim scholars of the Sunni Ittehad Council (SIC) issued a collective fatwa against suicide bombings, the killing of innocent people, bomb attacks, and targeted killings.
The bombers, and their sympathizers often believe that suicide bombers, as martyrs (shaheed) to the cause of jihad against the enemy, will receive the rewards of paradise for their actions.
Along with bombings and hijackings, Islamic terrorists have made extensive use of highly publicised kidnappings and executions, often circulating videos of the acts for use as propaganda.
In the 1980s, a series of abductions of American citizens by Hezbollah during the Lebanese Civil War resulted in the 1986 Iran–Contra affair.
During the chaos of the Iraq War, more than 200 kidnappings foreign hostages (for various reasons and by various groups, including purely criminal) gained great international notoriety, even as the great majority (thousands) of victims were Iraqis.
In 2007, the kidnapping of Alan Johnston by Army of Islam resulted in the British government meeting a Hamas member for the first time.
Islamist militants, including Boko Haram, Hamas, al-Qaeda and the ISIS, have used kidnapping as a method of fundraising, as a means of bargaining for political concessions, and as a way of intimidating potential opponents.
He also deems hostage taking as an effective technique for cowing a population by making governments appear weak and by inspiring fear of opposing the Islamists.
In September 2014, the German Foreign Ministry reported that the Islamist militant group Abu Sayyaf had kidnapped two German nationals and was threatening to kill them unless the German government withdraw its support for the war against ISIS and also pay a large ransom.
In September 2014 an Islamist militant group kidnapped a French national in Algeria and threatened to kill the hostage unless the government of France withdrew its support for the war against ISIS.
According to the International Business Times, in October, 2014 the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) released a five-point justification of its right to take non-Muslims hostage, and decapitate, ransom or enslave them.
The article showed that from a somewhat haphazard beginning in 2003, kidnapping grew into the group's main fundraising strategy, with targeted, professional kidnapping of civilians from wealthy European countries—principally France, Spain and Switzerland—willing to pay huge ransoms.
For example, in the spring of 2013, Boko Haram kidnapped and within 2 months released a French family of 7 and 9 other hostages in exchange for a payment by the French government of $3.15 million.
In March, upon receiving payment from the government of Spain, ISIS released 2 Spanish hostages working for the newspaper El Mundo, correspondent Javier Espinosa and photographer Ricardo Garcia Vilanova, who had been held since September, 2013.
According to psychologist Irwin Mansdorf, Hamas demonstrated effectiveness of kidnapping as a form of psychological warfare in the 2006 capture of the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit when public pressure forced the government of Israel to release 1027 prisoners, including 280 convicted of terrorism by Israel, in exchange for his release.
In the beginning of the 21st century, emerged a worldwide network of hundreds of web sites that inspire, train, educate and recruit young Muslims to engage in jihad against the United States and other Western countries, taking less prominent roles in mosques and community centers that are under scrutiny.
In 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) defeated Somali warlords which resulted in an armed jihadist movement controlling a territory of their own.
In 2017, the EUISS noted an increased frequency of jihadist violence in an arc extending across borders from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Guinea.
The Armed Islamic Group, active in Algeria between 1992 and 1998, was one of the most violent Islamic terrorist groups, and is thought to have takfired the Muslim population of Algeria.
In recent years it has been eclipsed by a splinter group, the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), now called Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb.
In January 2016, terrorists from Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) shot and killed 30 people at the Splendid Hotel in Ougadougou.
The terrorist organisation Ansar ul Islam is active in Burkina Faso and has conducted assassinations, looting, attacks on police and has closed hundreds of schools.
On 17 November 1997, a splinter group of the al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, an Egyptian Islamist organization, carried out the Luxor massacre where 62 people were killed.
On December 29, 2017 in Cairo, a gunman opened fire at the Coptic Orthodox Church of Saint Menas and a nearby shop owned by a Coptic man.
Ten citizens and a police officer were killed around ten people were injured in the attack which was claimed by the Islamic state.
After Al-Shabaab abducted foreign aid workers and tourists in Kenya, Kenyan troops were sent to Somalia in October 2011 to pursue al-Shabab militants.
In the wake of the intervention, Kenya has suffered a number of attacks carried out both by al-Shabaab militants as well as Kenyan Muslim recruited by radical clerics in North-Eastern and Coast provinces.
While Morocco is generally seen as a secure destination for tourists as the last terrorist attack happened in 2011 where 17 people were killed by bomb at a restaurant in Marrakesh, over 1600 people have travelled from Morocco to join the Islamic State in the Syrian Civil War.
Moroccan authorities initially ignored the people who joined ISIS but later on realised they could return to commit terrorist offences in Morocco.
In the 2013–2017 period anti-terrorist authorities in Morocco, in cooperation with their counterparts in Spain, conducted up to eleven joint operations against jihadist cells and networks.
In 2017 it was estimated that Moroccans and 2000 Moroccan-Europeans had travelled to join the Islamic State caliphate in the Syrian Civil War, which along with other fighters from MENA countries contributed a significant force to ISIS.
According to a researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies, Moroccan authorities appear to have a good grip on the jihadist situation and cooperates with European and US authorities.
For example, two Moroccans were behind the 2017 London Bridge attack and a Moroccan killed people by driving his van into pedestrians in La Rambla in the 2017 Barcelona terrorist attacks.
Boko Haram is an Islamic extremist group based in northeastern Nigeria which began violent attacks in 2009, also active in Chad, Niger and northern Cameroon.
In the 2009–2018 period, more than 27 000 people have been killed in the fighting in the countries around Lake Chad.
Boko Haram consists of two factions, one is led by Abubakar Shekau and it uses suicide bombings and kill civilians indiscriminately.
Al-Shabaab is a militant jihadist terrorist group based in East Africa, which emerged in 2006 as the youth wing of the Islamic Courts Union.
It is a participant in the Somali Civil War, and is reportedly being used by Egypt to destabilize Ethiopia, and attracting converts from predominantly Christian Kenya.
On 11 April 2002, a Tunisian Al-Qaeda operative used a truck bomb to attack the El Ghriba synagogue on Djerba island.
The attack killed 19 people and injured 30 and was planned by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and financed by a Pakistani resident of Spain.
On 18 March 2015, three militants attacked the Bardo National Museum in the Tunisian capital city of Tunis, and took hostages.
The government blamed the IMU (Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan) for training those responsible for carrying out a suicide car bombing of a police station in Khujand on September 3, 2010.
On February 16, 1999, six car bombs exploded in Tashkent, killing 16 and injuring more than 100, in what may have been an attempt to assassinate President Islam Karimov.
Furkat Kasimovich Yusupov was arrested in the first half of 2004, and charged as the leader of a group that had carried out the March 28 bombing on behalf of Hizb ut-Tahrir.
Foreign commentators on Uzbek affairs speculated that the 2004 violence could have been the work of the IMU, Al-Qaeda, Hizb ut-Tahrir, or some other radical Islamic organization.
The organization was officially banned in February 2005 after attacks on NGOs, but struck back in August when 300 bombs were detonated almost simultaneously throughout Bangladesh, targeting Shahjalal International Airport, government buildings and major hotels.
The Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT), also called Ansar Bangla is an Islamic extremist organization in Bangladesh, implicated in crimes including some brutal attacks and murders of atheist bloggers from 2013 to 2015 and a bank heist in April 2015.
Lashkar-e-Toiba, along with Jaish-e-Mohammed, another militant group active in Kashmir are on the United States' foreign terrorist organizations list, and are also designated as terrorist groups by the United Kingdom, India, Australia and Pakistan.
The 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, orchestrated by the National Thowheeth Jama'ath, were the deadliest terrorist attack in the country since its civil war ended on May 16, 2009.
The Abu Sayyaf Group, also known as al-Harakat al-Islamiyya, is one of several militant Islamic-separatist groups based in and around the southern islands of the Philippines, in Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (Jolo, Basilan, and Mindanao) where for almost 30 years various Muslim groups have been engaged in an insurgency for a state, independent of the predominantly Christian Philippines.
The U.S. Department of State has branded the group a terrorist entity by adding it to the list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.
On November 13, 2015 the French capital suffered a series of coordinated attacks, claimed by ISIS, that killed 129 people in restaurants, the Bataclan theatre and the Stade de France.
In 2009, a Europol report showed that more than 99% of terrorist attacks in Europe over the last three years were, carried out by non-Muslims.
Swedish economist Tino Sanandaji has criticised the use of statistics where the number of attacks are counted instead of the number of killed, since 79% of terrorist deaths 2001–2011 in Europe were due to Islamic terrorism.
Therefore, statistics focusing on the number of attacks instead of the number killed are exploited by those who wish to trivialise the phenomenon.
The great difference in the number of attacks versus the number of killed is that separaist attacks in Spain, typically involve vandalism and not killing.
So in statistics, the global terrorist plot leading to the 9/11 attack and a party headquarters being vandalised and painted with slogans by domestic terrorists each count as one terrorist attack.
The majority of deaths by terrorism in Europe from 2001 to 2014 were caused by Islamic terrorism, even while not including Islamic terrorist attacks in Russia.
According to the British think tank ICSR, up to 40% of terrorist plots in Europe are part-financed through petty crime such as drug-dealing, theft, robberies, loan fraud and burglaries.
The pattern of jihadist attacks in 2017 led Europol to conclude that terrorists preferred to attack ordinary people rather than causing property damage or loss of capital.
The agency's report also noted that jihadist attacks had caused more deaths and casualties than any other type of terrorist attack, that such attacks had become more frequent, and that there had been a decrease in the sophistication and preparation of the attacks.
According to Susanne Schröter, the 2017 attacks in European countries showed that the military defeat of the Islamic State did not mean the end of Islamist violence.
Schröter also wrote that the events in Europe looked like a delayed implementation of jihadist strategy formulated by Abu Musab al-Suri in 2005, where an intensification of terror should destabilise societies and encourage Muslim youth to revolt.
In the 1990s Belgium was a transit country for Islamist terrorist groups like the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA) and the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM).
In June 2016, with 451 fighters having travelled to join the Syrian Civil War, Belgium had the highest number of foreign fighters per capita.
The overall leader of that terrorist cell was believed to be Mohamed Belkaid, an Islamic State operative from Algeria who previously had lived in Sweden.
Belkaid was killed in a shootout in the Foret district of Brussels, during which Belkaid was firing on police to allow Salah Abdeslam to escape.
Salah Abdeslam was arrested a few days later and the surviving members of the cell, including brothers Najim Laachraoui and Khalid and Ibrahim Bakraoui (previously armed robbers) launched the 2016 Brussels bombings targeting Brussels airport and metro killing 32.
In the 2015–2018 timespan in France, 249 people been killed in terrorist attacks and 928 wounded in a total of 22 terrorist attacks.
The deadly attacks in 2015 in France changed the issue of Islamist radicalization from a security threat to also constitute a social problem.
Although jihadists in the 2015-onward timeframe legitimized their attacks with a narrative of reprisal for France's participation in the international coalition fighting the Islamic State, Islamic terrorism in France has other, deeper and older causes.
Despite its proximity to the Middle East and North Africa, relatively porous borders, and a large influx of migrants from Muslim majority countries, Italy has not experienced the same surge in radicalization as other European countries.
Just 125 individuals with ties to Italy left to join jihadist groups, compared with Belgium's 470 and Sweden's 300 such individuals in the same period from their much smaller populations.
Two individuals born in Italy have been involved in terrorist attacks, Youssef Zaghba one of the trio of attackers in the June 2017 London Bridge attack while ISIS sympathizer Tomasso Hosni attacked soldiers at Milan's Central station in May 2017.
This measure is particularly effective because in Italy, unlike in other Western European countries, many radicalized Muslims are first-generation immigrants without Italian citizenship.
As elsewhere in Europe prison inmates show signs of radicalization while incarcerated and in 2018 41 individuals were deported upon release.
The vast majority of the deportees come from North Africa, with most of the deportees come from Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt.
In 2012, two men were sentenced in Oslo to seven and a half years in jail for an attack against Mohammad-cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.
A third man was freed from the accusation of terrorism, but was sentenced for helping with explosives and he received a fourth month prison sentence.
Politically and religiously motivated attacks on civilians in Russia have been traced to separatist sentiment among the largely Muslim population of its North Caucasus region, particularly in Chechnya, where the central government of the Russian Federation has waged two bloody wars against the local secular separatist government since 1994.
In the Moscow theater hostage crisis in October 2002, three Chechen separatist groups took an estimated 850 people hostage in the Russian capital; at least 129 hostages died during the storming by Russian special forces, all but one killed by the chemicals used to subdue the attackers (whether this attack would more properly be called a nationalist rather than an Islamist attack is in question).
In the September 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis more than 1,000 people were taken hostage after a school in the Russian republic of North Ossetia–Alania was seized by a pro-Chechen multi-ethnic group aligned to Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs; hundreds of people died during the storming by Russian forces.
Since 2000, Russia has also experienced a string of suicide bombings that killed hundreds of people in the Caucasian republics of Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia, as well as in Russia proper including Moscow.
Responsibility for most of these attacks were claimed by either Shamil Basayev's Islamic-nationalist rebel faction or, later, by Dokka Umarov's pan-Islamist movement Caucasus Emirate which is aiming to unite most of Russia's North Caucasus as an emirate since its creation in 2007.
Since the creation of the Caucasus Emirate, the group has abandoned its secular nationalist goals and fully adopted the ideology of Salafist-takfiri Jihadism which seeks to advance the cause of Allah on the earth by waging war against the Russian government and non-Muslims in the North Caucasus, such as the local Sufi Muslim population, whom they view as mushrikeen (polytheists) who do not adhere to true Islamic teachings.
In 1996, the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA), an organisation affiliated with al-Qaeda, founded a cell in the province of Valencia.
In the 1995–2003 period, slightly over 100 people were arrested for offences releated to militant salafism, an average of 12 per year.
In 2004, Madrid commuters suffered the 2004 Madrid train bombings, which were perpetrated by remnants of the first al-Qaeda cell, members of the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) plus a gang of criminals turned into jihadists.
In the period 2004–2012, the there were 470 arrests, an average of 52 per year and four times the pre-Madrid bombings average which indicated that the jihadist threat persisted after the Madrid attack.
In the years after the Madrid attack, 90% of all jihadists convicted in Spain were foreigners, mainly from Morocco, Pakistan and Algeria, while 7 out of 10 resided in the metropolitan areas of Madrid or Barcelona.
The vast majority were involved in cells linked to organisations such as al-Qaeda, the GICM, the Algerian salafist group Group for Preaching and Combat which had replaced the GIA, and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.
Arrests 2013–2017 show that 4 out of 10 arrested were Spanish nationals and 3 out of 10 were born in Spain.
Most others had Morocco as country of nationality or birth with its main focus among Moroccan descendants residing in the North African cities of Ceuta and Melilla.
In 2017, a terrorist cell based in the province of Bacelona carried out the vehicle ramming 2017 Barcelona attacks, even if their original plans were on a larger scale.
In the 2000s, Islamists in Sweden were not primarily seeking to commit attacks in Sweden, but were rather using Sweden as a base of operations against other countries and for providing logistical support for groups abroad.
In 2010, Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly, an Iraqi-born Swedish citizen, attempted to kill Christmas shoppers in Stockholm in the 2010 Stockholm bombings.
According to investigations by FBI, the bombing would likely have killed between 30 and 40 people had it succeeded, and it is thought that al-Abdaly operated with a network.
In April 2017 Rakhmat Akilov, a 39-year-old rejected asylum seeker born in the Soviet Union and a citizen of Uzbekistan, drove a truck down a pedestrian area in Stockholm and killed five people and injured dozens of others in the 2017 Stockholm truck attack.
Historians have said that militant Islamism first gained ground among Kurds before its appeal grew among ethnic Turks and that the two most important radical Islamist organizsations have been an outgrowth of Kurdish Islamism rather than Turkish Islamism.
The Turkish or Kurdish Hizbullah is a primarily Kurdish group has its roots in the predominantly Kurdish southeast of Turkey and among Kurds who migrated to the cities in Western Turkey.
The members of the IBDA-C were predominantly Kurds, most members if not all are ethnic Kurds like its founder, as in the Hizbullah.
Kurdish and Turkish Islamists have also co-operated together, one example being the 2003 Istanbul bombings, and this co-operation has also been observed in Germany, as in the case of the Sauerland terror cell.
Also many Kurds from Iraq (there are about 50,000 to 80,000 Iraqi Kurds in Germany) financially supported Kurdish-Islamist groups like Ansar al Islam.
Before 2006, the German Islamist scene was dominated by Iraqi Kurds and Palestinians, but since 2006 Kurds and Turks from Turkey are dominant.
Hezbollah in Turkey (unrelated to the Shia Hezbollah in Lebanon) is a Sunni terrorist group accused of a series of attacks, including the November 2003 bombings of two synagogues, the British consulate in Istanbul and HSBC bank headquarters that killed 58.
Islamic Party of Kurdistan and Hereketa İslamiya Kurdistan are also Islamist groups active against Turkey, however unlike Hizbullah they're yet to be listed as active terrorist organizations in Turkey by Turkish police counter-terrorism.
The area that has seen some of the worst terror attacks in modern history has been Iraq as part of the Iraq War.
In 2006, almost half of all reported terrorist attacks in the world (6,600), and more than half of all terrorist fatalities (13,000), occurred in Iraq, according to the National Counterterrorism Center of the United States.
Along with nationalist groups and criminal, non-political attacks, the Iraqi insurgency includes Islamist insurgent groups, such as Al-Qaeda in Iraq, who favor suicide attacks far more than non-Islamist groups.
Hamas's armed wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, was established in mid 1991 and claimed responsibility for numerous attacks against Israelis, principally suicide bombings and rocket attacks.
Hamas has been accused of sabotaging the Israeli-Palestine peace process by launching attacks on civilians during Israeli elections to anger Israeli voters and facilitate the election of harder-line Israeli candidates.
Hamas has been designated as a terrorist group by Canada, the United States, Israel, Australia, Japan, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and Human Rights Watch.
Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine is a Palestinian Islamist group based in the Syrian capital, Damascus, and dedicated to waging jihad to eliminate the state of Israel.
Popular Resistance Committees is a coalition of a number of armed Palestinian groups opposed to what they regard as the conciliatory approach of the Palestinian Authority and Fatah towards Israel.
The PRC has carried out several attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers including hundreds of shooting attacks and other rocket and bombing attacks.
Other groups linked with Al-Qaeda operate in the Gaza Strip including: Army of Islam, Abdullah Azzam Brigades, Jund Ansar Allah, Jaljalat and Tawhid al-Jihad.
Its leaders were inspired by the Ayatollah Khomeini, and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Hezbollah, which started with only a small militia, has grown to an organization with seats in the Lebanese government, a radio and a satellite television-station, and programs for social development.
They maintain strong support among Lebanon's Shi'a population, and gained a surge of support from Lebanon's broader population (Sunni, Christian, Druze) immediately following the 2006 Lebanon War, and are able to mobilize demonstrations of hundreds of thousands.
Hezbollah along with some other groups began the 2006–2008 Lebanese political protests in opposition to the government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora.
A later dispute over Hezbollah preservation of its telecoms network led to clashes and Hezbollah-led opposition fighters seized control of several West Beirut neighborhoods from Future Movement militiamen loyal to Fouad Siniora.
A national unity government was formed in 2008, in Lebanon, giving Hezbollah and its opposition allies control of 11 of 30 cabinets seats; effectively veto power.
Hezbollah receives its financial support from the governments of Iran and Syria, as well as donations from Lebanese people and foreign Shi'as.
The United States, Canada, Israel, Bahrain, France, Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Netherlands regard Hezbollah as a terrorist organization, while the United Kingdom, the European Union and Australia consider only Hezbollah's military wing or its external security organization to be a terrorist organization.
Many consider it, or a part of it, to be a terrorist group responsible for blowing up the American embassy and later its annex, as well as the barracks of American and French peacekeeping troops and dozens of kidnappings of foreigners in Beirut.
In the Arab and Muslim worlds, on the other hand, Hezbollah is regarded as a legitimate and successful resistance movement that drove both Western powers and Israel out of Lebanon.
It was formed in November 2006, by fighters who broke off from the pro-Syrian Fatah al-Intifada, itself a splinter group of the Palestinian Fatah movement, and is led by a Palestinian fugitive militant named Shaker al-Abssi.
The group's members have been described as militant jihadists, and the group itself has been described as a terrorist movement that draws inspiration from al-Qaeda.
Its stated goal is to reform the Palestinian refugee camps under Islamic sharia law, and its primary targets are the Lebanese authorities, Israel and the United States.
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) reported that terrorist radicalization at home is now the chief preoccupation of Canada's spy agency.
The most notorious arrest in Canada's fight on terrorism, was the 2006 Ontario terrorism plot in which 18 Al-Qaeda-inspired cell members were arrested for planning a mass bombing, shooting, and hostage taking terror plot throughout Southern Ontario.
Between 1993 and 2001, the major attacks or attempts against U.S. interests stemmed from militant Islamic jihad extremism except for the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
On September 11, 2001, nearly 3,000 people were killed in New York City, Washington, DC, and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, during the September 11 attacks organized by 19 al-Qaeda members and largely perpetrated by Saudi nationals, sparking the War on Terror.
Former CIA Director Michael Hayden considers homegrown terrorism to be the most dangerous threat and concern faced by American citizens today.
As of July 2011, there have been 52 homegrown jihadist extremist plots or attacks in the United States since the September 11 attacks.
Omar Mateen, in an act motivated by the terrorist group Islamic State, shot and murdered 49 people and wounded more than 50 in a gay nightclub, Pulse, in Orlando, Florida.
The 1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires, was a suicide bombing attack on the building of the Israeli embassy of Argentina, located in Buenos Aires, which was carried out on 17 March 1992.
An incident from 1994, known as the AMIA bombing, was an attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Israelite Mutual Association) building in Buenos Aires.
A suicide bomber drove a Renault Trafic van bomb loaded with about of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil explosive mixture, into the Jewish Community Center building located in a densely constructed commercial area of Buenos Aires.
Prosecutors Alberto Nisman and Marcelo Martínez Burgos formally accused the government of Iran of directing the bombing, and the Hezbollah militia of carrying it out.
The prosecution claimed that Argentina had been targeted by Iran after Buenos Aires' decision to suspend a nuclear technology transfer contract to Tehran.
On 18 January 2015, Nisman was found dead at his home in Buenos Aires, one day before he was scheduled to report on his findings, with supposedly incriminating evidence against high-ranking officials of the then-current Argentinian government including former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.
Al-Qaeda's stated aim is the use of jihad to defend and protect Islam against Zionism, Christianity, Hinduism, the secular West, and Muslim governments such as Saudi Arabia, which it sees as insufficiently Islamic and too closely tied to the United States.
Formed by Osama bin Laden and Muhammad Atef in the aftermath of the Soviet–Afghan War in the late 1980s, al-Qaeda called for the use of violence against civilians and military of the United States and any countries that are allied with it.
Founded in 1845, it counts among the premier medical institutions in India and one of the oldest institutions teaching Western medicine in Asia.
The college accepts 250 students annually for the undergraduate degree and around 100 annually for the various postgraduate degrees in medicine.
the hospital has combined bed strength of 2844 and caters to an annual load of 1,200,000 out-patients and 80,000 in-patients, from all parts of Maharashtra and central India.
Its clinical affiliate is Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy Group of Hospitals: a conglomerate of four hospitals in South Bombay that include the Sir J. J.
Under the guidance of Mountstuart Elphinstone attempts were made to offer Indians an opportunity to learn and practice Medicine along western lines.
In 1826, a medical school was started with surgeon John McLennan as the superintendent of the Indian (native) medical school around Azad Maidan in southern Bombay.
He directed his attention to the expediency of establishing a systematic institution in the city for imparting medical knowledge to the, which would be more complete, comprehensive and better planned than the previously abolished medical school.
As he struggled and strove to push through his ambition for a wisely planned medical college in Bombay, he met strong opposition.
To quell the opposition Grant envisaged the formation of the first medical society in India, The Medical and Physical Society of Bombay.
It was a society that would bring together the medical officers of the Bombay Presidency and encourage a spirit of scientific enquiry.
It was due to efforts of Charles Morehead (the then surgeon) to the governor that this society came into existence in November 1835.
Grant developed a proposal in March 1838 in which the subject of medical education of Indians of this presidency was fully discussed in detail.
The East India Company, as conveyed in its letter dated 18 July 1838, happily endorsed the proposal for a medical college.
However, nine days before the arrival of this news, Grant succumbed to an attack of cerebral apoplexy while vacationing in Dapori, near Pune.
The Sanskrit scholar Jagannath Shankarsheth proposed that it would be a fitting tribute that the medical college should be established and that it should bear his name.
The foundation stone was laid on 3 January 1843 and the School of Practice was opened for reception of the sick from 15 May 1845.
In 1845, admittance to the college was accorded without exception for caste or creed to candidates between the ages of 16 and 20 with respectable connection and general intelligence; grammatical knowledge of their vernacular language, arithmetic including Rules of Proportion and a thorough knowledge of English with fluency was expected.
Each candidate was required to present a certificate of good conduct from the headmaster of the school in which he had studied and also one expressly stating that he was possessed of the necessary information and capable of undergoing the examination proposed.
The first professors of Grant Medical College were Charles Morehead, M.D., FRCS, Professor of the Institute of Practice of Medicine, Dr. John Peet, M.D., FRCS, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and Dr. Herbert John Giraud, M.D., Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica.
In following years, however, it became so good that students declined to take advantage of holidays but preferred to attend classes.
In 1860, Grant Medical College became one of the four colleges recognized by it for teaching courses leading to degrees (others being Elphinstone College, Deccan College and Government Law College, Mumbai).
To continue to provide effective instruction training at the bedside of patients, the Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital was used as a teaching center in the subjects of Medicine and Surgery in 1924.
It was here that Christopher and Caval worked on malaria and Dr. Raghavendra Rao worked in on tropical diseases, leprosy, plague and leishmaniasis.
In 1930 it was remodeled by Sir J. Duggan in a three-storeyed building remodeled it for which Sir Cowasjee Jehangir, Third Baronet, donated a large sum.
During the early 1900s all prestigious professional posts were held by British I.M.S. officers, while Indians were given only non-clinical appointments.
Today it is spread over 44 acres (178,000 m²) in Byculla with 14 gates, a long jump from the two-room teaching hospital in an area of .
The present campus, the largest of any of the Medical Colleges in Mumbai, is spread out over in the Byculla area of South Mumbai.
With gradual additions and expansions since its initial foundation, the campus has a mix of buildings depicting both modern Indian and Colonial architecture.
As the campus expanded it incorporated hospitals that were originally independent before being absorbed into J.J. Hospital and thus retain some of their older names, notably: C.J.
In addition to the main campus situated at Byculla, it also has a sea facing gymkhana at marine drive in south Mumbai.
The Research Society started functioning in 1965 in the Skin & Serology Department building on the second floor with an office and research library and a proposed space for a research laboratory.This proposal has not been entertained so far .
The founder members were Dr. J. G. Parekh, Dr. S. J. Shah, Dr. V. C. Talwalkar, Dr. J.C. Joshipura and Dr. B.
The center of Kallithea (Davaki Square) lies at a distance of to the south of the Athens city center (Syntagma Square) and to the north-east of the Piraeus (photo 1).
Kallithea extends from the Filopappou and Sikelia hills in the north to Phaleron Bay in the south ; its two other sides consist of Syngrou Avenue to the east (border to the towns of Nea Smyrni and Palaio Faliro), and the Ilisos River to the west (border to the towns of Tavros and Moschato) (photo 2).
The site on which the city was developed covers the biggest part of the area to the south of Athens city center, protected in ancient times (5th century BC) by the Long Walls to the west and the Phalerum Wall to the east (photo 3).
On the longitudinal axis of the town (Thiseos Avenue), the Athens to Phaleron tramway once ran, from the beginning (1850) to (1955) and the end of its operations.
Near the center of the town the Shooting Range (Skopeftirion) was built to house events of the first modern Olympic Games, the 1896 Summer Olympics, and these first modern games took place in three venues: the refurbished ancient stadium of Athens (Panathinaiko Stadium) NE of Kallithea, the Neo Phaliron Velodrome (currently Karaiskaki Stadium) SW of Kallithea, and the Kallithea Shooting Range (Skopeftirion).
Events of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games were also sited in the district of Kallithea, notably handball and Taekwondo in the new Sports Pavilion (Faliro) by the bottom of Syngrou Avenue, and beach volleyball in the Olympic Beach Volleyball Center on Kallithea Bay (Tzitzifies).
Initially the tramway depot and workshop were built here in 1910, followed by the Harokopios Graduate School (1925) and the Panteios Graduate School of Political Sciences (1928).
In the 1920s the town was flooded by thousands of refugees following the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), the Asia Minor Catastrophe (1922), and the Treaty of Lausanne (1923).
These refugees arrived in Kallithea mainly from the south Black Sea (Pontus), from ancient Greek cities such as Sinope (now Sinop, Turkey), Sampsus (now Samsun, Turkey), Kerasus (now Giresun, Turkey), Trapezous-Trebizond (now Trabzon, Turkey), Tripolis (now Tirebolu, Turkey), Argyroupolis (now Gümüshane, Turkey) and other remnants of the late Byzantine Empire.
A few had arrived earlier (1919) from the north and east (Russian) coasts of the Black Sea, from places such as Odessos (Odessa), Marioupolis (Mariupol', the Sea of Azov) and elsewhere, after the failed attempt of the western allies (Greece included) against the young Bolshevik state during the Russian Civil War.
Black Sea immigrants of Greek origin also settled in Kallithea in the 1930s, as a result of the change of Soviet policy toward ethnic groups.
The first refugees settled originally near the site of the first Olympic shooting range (1896), until they were gradually transferred to new dwellings.
After its evacuation the building bound with the shooting range served as a school, until the Nazi Occupation of 1941, when it was converted to a prison.
The prison of Kallithea was demolished in 1966 ;among others, fighters of the Greek Resistance and victims of the Greek Civil War had been jailed there, such as Nikos Beloyannis.
In the 1990s, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a new wave of Greek immigrants arrived in Kallithea from the east coast of the Black Sea, from the Caucasus highlands in Georgia, as well as from distant Greek settlements in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan where their Black Sea Greek ancestors were expelled during Joseph Stalin's regime in the 1930s.
Popular composers and singers once performed here ; Markos Vamvakaris, Vassilis Tsitsanis, Yannis Papaioannou, Marika Ninou, Sotiria Bellou, Manolis Chiotis, Mary Linda, Giorgos Zampetas, Stelios Kazantzidis, Marinella, Poly Panou, and Viki Moscholiou.
Until 2004, south Kallithea (Tzitzifies) housed the only horse track in Greece (Ippodromos - Hippodrome), which later moved to Markopoulon, near Eleftherios Venizelos Airport.
Kallithea houses numerous cultural associations and several sport clubs, the most well known of which are Kallithea FC (soccer), Esperos (basketball, volleyball, handball, and also soccer in an earlier period) and Ikaros Kallitheas, a multisport club founded in 1991, originally as Ikaros Nea Smyrni.
The main roads of Kallithea are Andrea Syngrou Avenue towards eastern Athens and Poseidonos Avenue towards Piraeus and the southern suburbs.
Kallithea is served by Metro line 1 stations Kallithea and Tavros, by the tram stations Kallithea and Tzitzifies, and numerous bus and trolley-bus linesconnect Kallithea to almost every destination in metropolitan Athens.
Of the rest of the land, 2.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.6%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).
It consists of the village of Krinau and the hamlets of Altschwil, Au, Dreischlatt, Gurtberg, Schuflenberg, Krinäuli, Niederberg, Kapf and Gruben.
Krinau had a population (as of 2011) of 260. , about 5.9% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.
Most of the population () speaks German (98.6%), with Italian being second most common ( 0.4%) and Romansh being third ( 0.4%).
The age distribution, , in Krinau is; 35 children or 12.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 46 teenagers or 16.5% are between 10 and 19.
37 people or 13.3% are between 30 and 39, 38 people or 13.7% are between 40 and 49, and 28 people or 10.1% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 27 people or 9.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 27 people or 9.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 10 people or 3.6% who are between 80 and 89.
Out of the total population in Krinau, , the highest education level completed by 93 people (33.5% of the population) was Primary, while 83 (29.9%) have completed the Secondary level, 27 (9.7%) have attended a Tertiary school, and 9 (3.2%) are not in school.
Of the rest of the population there is 1 individual who belongs to another Christian church and there are 15 (or about 5.40% of the population) who belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist.
It is surrounded by the Cresaptown CDP and prior to 2010 was listed by the Census Bureau as part of the Cresaptown-Bel Air CDP.
The inhabitants of this region were a portion of the Shawanese tribe, a sub-division of the Algonquian group, one of the most warlike combinations of that period.
The warriors engaged in hunting and fishing for food and furs, while their families were left at home to tend the maize and grass that grew in the rich soil of the Potomac valley.
The maize was ground into corn meal and made into Shawnee cake, a popular diet of the Shawnees living in the valley.
The Shawanees in the valley lived in shelters composed of two forked posts that were driven into the ground, and on these was laid a ridge pole.
Small saplings, cut to a length of about , were laid against the pole, one end resting on the ground, forming a shelter similar to a V-shaped tent.
Retainer families of formerly defeated provincial strongmen like Takeda, Hōjō, or Imagawa were included, as were branch families of feudal lords.
The hatamoto remained retainers of the main Tokugawa clan after the fall of the shogunate in 1868, and followed the Tokugawa to their new domain of Shizuoka.
Famous hatamoto include Jidayu Koizumi, Nakahama Manjirō, Ōoka Tadasuke, Tōyama Kagemoto, Katsu Kaishū, Enomoto Takeaki, Hijikata Toshizō and the two Westeners William Adams and Jan Joosten.
Hatamoto patronized the development of the martial arts in the Edo period; many of them were involved in the running of dojo in the Edo area and elsewhere.
This story recounts Shaeffer's reunion with a ghostwriter whom Shaeffer had used to write about his adventures at the neutron star and at the core, Ander Smittarasheed.
Ander, working for ARM agent Sigmund Ausfaller, has come to question him about his dealings with Pierson's Puppeteers, General Products and Carlos Wu, as well as what happened to Wu and ARM agent Feather Filip.
Wu, Shaeffer and Sharrol Janss and their children, Tanya and Louis Wu, had secretly emigrated from Earth to the planet Fafnir to escape the control of Earth's United Nations government and the ARM.
Replacement: Subsets of elements can be averaged a priori, without altering the mean, given that the multiplicity of elements is maintained.
He was educated at New Mills Grammar School in the Peak District, Derbyshire, and the University of Nottingham (where he earned his BSc and PhD).
He also has an MA and a ScD from the University of Cambridge and Honorary DScs from Nottingham (1994), York (2001) and St Andrews (2007).
His research into the control of pregnancy, birth and lactation led to important contributions in endocrine physiology and farm animal breeding.
He was the Master of St Edmund's College, University of Cambridge from 1996 until 2004 and has been a Special Professor in Animal Physiology at the University of Nottingham since 1988 until 2016.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1989, and held the post of Royal Society Vice President and Foreign Secretary from 1996 to 2001.
He is a founder member of the International Society for Science and Religion and an Associate of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion.
Her papers and research materials were donated to the Cuban Heritage Collection - the largest repository of materials on or about Cuba located outside of Cuba - forming part of the library of the University of Miami.
In El Monte, Cabrera fully described the major Afro-Cuban religions: Regla de Ocha (commonly known as Santeria) and Ifá, which are both derived from traditional Yoruba religion; and Palo Monte, which originated in Central Africa.
She is credited by literary critics for having transformed Afro-Cuban oral narratives into literature, which is, written works of art, while anthropologists rely on her accounts of oral information collected during interviews with santeros, babalawos, and paleros, and on her descriptions of religious ceremonies.
There is a dialectical relationship between Afro-Cuban religious writing and Cabrera's work; she used a religious writing tradition that has now internalized her own ethnography.
Born in Havana in 1899 as the youngest of eight siblings, Cabrera came from a family of high socio-economic status in Cuba.
Her father was also the president of the first Cuban corporation, La Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País, founded in the eighteenth century.
The family had many Afro-Cuban servants and child caretakers, through whom young Lydia learned about African folklore, stories, tradition, and religions.
Like the majority of wealthy Cubans in the early 1900s, the family had private tutors who came to the home of the Cabreras to educate the children.
At that time it was not socially acceptable for a woman to pursue a high school diploma, so Cabrera finished her secondary education on her own.
She moved to Paris to study art and religion at L'Ecole du Louvre She studied drawing and painting in Paris with theatrical Russian exile Alexandra Exter.
After graduating from Ecole du Louvre, she did not become an artist as expected, instead moving back to Cuba to study Afro-Cuban culture, especially their traditions and folklore.
Secondly she was influenced by her studies in Paris, where she began to see the large influence that African art had on Cuban art.
Thirdly she had as a companion Teresa de la Parra, a Venezuelan novelist and socialite whom she met while studying in Europe, and who enjoyed reading Cuban books with her.
She moved to a ranch, La Quinta San Jose, in the suburb of Havana, Marianao, located just outside the barrio Pogolotti where she conducted most her research on Afro-Cuban culture.
Since they did not accept women as members, Cabrera relied on the use of interviews to gain information for her book.
Somehow she managed to photograph their sacred drum, which is supposed to remain hidden at all times, to include within her research.
Through the use of imagery and storytelling in her work, she seeks to retell the history of the Cuban people through the Afro-Cuban lens.
Here, she is connecting Afro-Cuban tales with African rituals because it is important to celebrate birth, passage to adulthood, marriage, and death.
She left as an exile, first going to Madrid and later settling in Miami, FL., where she remained the rest of her life.
She recreated and altered elements, characters, and themes of African and universal folklore, but she also modified the traditional stories by adding details of Cuban customs of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Toward the last years of her life, Lydia Cabrera worked diligently to edit and publish the many notes she had collected during more than thirty years of research in Cuba.
Others claim she left because members of the Abakuá were hunting her down since she had made their secret society public.
Although the reason why she left is unknown, she never returned and spent the rest of her life living in Miami until her death in September 19, 1991.
Christian terrorists justify their violent tactics through their interpretation of the Bible, in accordance with their own objectives and world view.
Christian terrorist groups include paramilitary organizations, cults and loose collections of people that might come together to attempt to terrorize another group.
The paramilitary groups are typically tied to ethnic and political goals as well as religious ones and many of such groups have religious beliefs at odds with conventional Christianity.
Religion can be cited as the motivation for terrorism in conflicts that have a variety of ethnic, economic and political causes, such as the one in Bosnia.
In cases such as the Lord's Resistance Army or the Taiping Rebellion the beliefs of the founders differ significantly from what is recognizably Christian.
The term terrorist can also be applied for disingenuous reasons, to encourage public support for a groups vilification or allow the use of stricter laws in punishing a group or individual.
However, in 2015 a majority of Americans from both political parties thought that 'attacks on abortion providers [should] be considered domestic terrorism'.
There is, however, no record of indiscriminate violence or attempts to use terror as a religious weapon by early Christian groups.
In Europe during the Middle Ages Christian antisemitism increased and both the Reformation and Counter-Reformation led to an increase in interdenominational violence.
As with modern examples it is debated as to what extent these acts were religious as opposed to ethnic or political in nature.
The early modern period in Britain saw religious conflict resulting from the Reformation and the recusancy that emerged in opposition to it.
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a failed attempt by a group of English Catholics to assassinate the Protestant King James I, and to blow up the Palace of Westminster, the English seat of government.
Although the modern concept of religious terrorism, or indeed terrorism at all, had not yet come into use in the seventeenth century, David C. Rapoport and Lindsay Clutterbuck point out that the Plot, with its use of explosives, was an early precursor of nineteenth century anarchist terrorism.
Orthodox Christian-influenced movements in Romania, such as the Iron Guard and Lăncieri, which have been characterized by Yad Vashem and Stanley G. Payne as anti-semitic and fascist, respectively, they were involved in the Bucharest pogrom and committed numerous politically-motivated murders during the 1930s.
That iteration of the Klan disappeared by the 1870s, but in 1915 a new Protestant-led iteration of the Klan was formed in Georgia, during a period of xenophobia and anti-Catholicism.
This version of the Klan vastly expanded both its geographical reach and its list of targets over those of the original Klan.
Mark Juergensmeyer, a former president of the American Academy of Religion, has argued that there has been a global rise in religious nationalism after the Cold War due to a post-colonial collapse of confidence in Western models of nationalism and the rise of globalization.
According to Rapoport, this wave most prominently features Islamic terrorism, but it also includes terrorism by Christians and other religious groups that may have been influenced by Islamic terrorism.
This can mean that they see Christianity as their identity and the main reason for their existence, partially in contrast to the identities and existence of other groups which they consider threatening and non-Christian.
All types of terrorism have a complex interrelationship with psychology and mental health, however only a minority have diagnosable medical illnesses.
This is particularly the case where both groups are from a broadly similar cultural group, for example the break up of Yugoslavia and the Lords Resistance Army in Uganda.
In situations where the opposing ethnicities are more diverse, skin color or cultural practices are also sometimes used as identifiers of the other.
For example Anders Behring Breivik, who considers himself to be 'culturally Christian', claims no strong religious beliefs, but cited saving Christian Europe as motive for his attacks.
The use of Christianity in this way serves as a legitimating device for violence and claims solidarity with a wider social group.
This cultural Christian identity is often reinforced in the mind of the terrorist by media and governmental sources that vilify the other group or amplify its threat.
The targets of this kind of terrorist motivation include other religions or denominations, but can also extend to those that the perpetrator believes to be in any way threatening, such as LGBT or any group that does not conform with the view they have of who they are.
When the opposing group is also Christian but belongs to a different denomination, it is often denounced as non-Christian or anti-Christian.
Typically as with attacks on abortion clinics or LGBT people the perpetrators use a nuanced negativity from an established Church as justification for unsanctioned acts of violence.
There are a wide variety of mental health conditions and illness, and it is quite rare for them to lead to violence.
However, one study claims that about 30% of right wing, 52% of single issue and 25% of Al Qaeda related individual terrorists and 8% of those in a terrorist group have a mental illness.
People in some terrorist groups are less likely to have a mental illness than the general population, due to the selection criteria of such groups.
It is often difficult to determine if the perpetrator acted completely alone or was inspired by a religious or political group.
He developed home made mouth gags and door jambs to restrain all patients and staff inside a clinic while he doused them with the kerosene.
According to psychiatrist Don Sendipathy, Knight interpreted the Bible in his own unique way and believed in his own brand of Christianity.
Eric Robert Rudolph carried out the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in 1996, as well as subsequent attacks on an abortion clinic and a lesbian nightclub.
Dr. George Tiller, one of the few doctors in the United States who provided abortions late in pregnancy, was a frequent target of anti-abortion violence and was killed in 2009 by Scott Roeder as he stood in the foyer of his church.
A witness who was serving as an usher alongside Dr. Tiller at the church that day told the court that Mr. Roeder entered the foyer, put a gun to the doctor's head and pulled the trigger.
Ms. Shannon was sentenced to 10 years in prison for the shooting of Dr. Tiller and later confessed to vandalizing and burning a string of abortion clinics in California, Nevada and Oregon.
James Kopp was convicted of the murder of Dr. Barnett Slepian, an obstetrician who provided abortion services in the Buffalo area, and has been named a suspect in the shooting of several abortion providers in Canada.
Mr. Kopp hid in the woods behind Dr. Slepian's home in October 1998 and shot him through the window with a high-powered rifle, killing him as he stood in his kitchen with his family.
Mr. Kopp spent several years on the run in Mexico, Ireland and France before he was captured and extradited to the United States.
The authorities in Canada also suspect Mr. Kopp in the nonlethal attacks on several abortion providers there who were shot through the windows of their homes.
He was charged with the 1995 attempted murder of Dr. Hugh Short, an abortion provider in Ontario, although the charges were dropped after his conviction in New York.
The police in Canada also named him a suspect in the 1997 shooting of Dr. Jack Fainman in Winnipeg and the 1994 shooting of Dr. Garson Romalis in Vancouver, which was the first attack on an abortion provider in Canada.
Anders Behring Breivik was convicted for the 2011 Norway attacks, in which he killed eight people by detonating a van bomb amid Regjeringskvartalet in Oslo and then shot dead 69 participants at a Workers' Youth League (AUF) summer camp on the island of Utøya, leaving 77 dead.
In 2015, Breivik claimed to be an Odinist, but Breivik and others have previously linked his religious beliefs to Christianity during the attacks.
Gary Matson and Winfield Mowder were a gay couple from Redding, California, who were murdered by Benjamin Matthew Williams and James Tyler Williams in 1999.
Neighbors said that the family was known for its fundamentalist Christian beliefs, and recordings of sermons and religious music were often heard from their house.
In 1996 three men who claimed to be Phineas priests—Charles Barbee, Robert Berry and Jay Merelle—were charged with two bank robberies and bombings at the banks, a Spokane newspaper, and a Planned Parenthood office in Washington State.
The men were anti-Semitic Christian Identity theorists who believed that God wanted them to carry out violent attacks and they also believed that such attacks would hasten the ascendancy of the Aryan race.
In 2015, Robert Doggart, a 63-year-old mechanical engineer, was indicted for solicitation to commit a civil rights violation by intending to damage or destroy religious property after communicating that he intended to amass weapons to attack Islamberg, an Islamic hamlet and religious community in Delaware County, New York.
The plea bargain was struck down by a judge because it did not contain enough facts to constitute a true threat.
The shooter's rifles were covered with white supremacist symbols and names of various historical figures and battles between Muslims and non-Muslims such as Charles Martel, Skanderbeg and Bajo Pivljanin as well as the Battle of Tours in 732 and Battle of Vienna in 1683.
The perpetrator of the Pittsburgh Tree of Life synagogue shooting Robert Bowers cited a Bible quote about Jesus Christ on the bio of his now defunct Gab account.
Similarly the Poway synagogue shooting suspect John T. Earnest also used Bible quotes to justify the attack and had burned down a mosque in Escondido, California earlier in March 2019.
After graduation with a BS degree in Journalism, he worked for a decade as a bartender in live blues bars in Dallas and Austin, Texas including Nick's Uptown, Sixth Street Live, and The Greenville Bar & Grill.
Starting in 1990 he then performed stand-up comedy for a number of years, appearing at such venues as the Dallas Improv and the Velveeta Room in Austin, Texas and appearing on shows like Evening at the Improv and Caroline's Comedy Hour.
In 1995, Hardwick appeared at the Montreal Comedy Festival, where Brandon Tartikoff saw him and offered him a sitcom for NBC.
After Hardwick signed with the Strauss-McGarr agency, he was continually booked doing stand-up comedy in both Austin and all over the United States.
Daniels and Judge felt Hardwick's Texan humor was just what the show needed and offered him a job writing for the fledgling program.
The role of Dale Gribble was originally offered to Daniel Stern, but producers were unable to agree with Stern on a salary.
Currently on his channel you will find song parodies in the voice of Dale Gribble and other videos where he just talks to the camera.
The site was originally a gas works and had first included two gas holders (built 1875), renovated in World War 2 for use as bomb shelter 'citadels' - the North Rotunda and the South Rotunda.
By the early 1960s the increasing numbers of civil servants led to the commissioning of Eric Bedford (1909–2001), chief architect for the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works, to design a headquarters building for three separate ministries, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Public Building and Works.
His design, published in 1963, placed three twenty-storey slab blocks parallel north to south on top of a three-storey podium slab raised on stilts.
Each tower was 66 metres tall and had exposed concrete framing, being built in a new 'box-shell' system which mixed pre-cast concrete and on-site construction.
By the time the towers were complete, the three separate ministries had merged into the Department of the Environment, and having separate towers proved inefficient.
Eventually it was decided to build a replacement for the Home Office on the site and the towers were taken down in 2002–03.
The site is now occupied by Sir Terry Farrell's new building at 2 Marsham Street, which the Home Office first occupied in February 2005.
It takes two forms: physical segregation of the sexes and the requirement that women cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form.
The usual purdah garment worn is a burqa, which may or may not include a yashmak, a veil to conceal the face.
Purdah was rigorously observed under the Taliban in Afghanistan, where women had to observe complete purdah at all times when they were in public.
Married Hindu women in parts of Northern India observe purdah, with some women wearing a ghoonghat in the presence of older male relations on their husbands' side; some Muslim women observe purdah through the wearing of a burqa.
Although purdah is commonly associated with Islam, many scholars argue that veiling and secluding women pre-dates Islam; these practices were commonly found among various groups in the Middle East such as Druze, Christian, and Jewish communities.
For instance, the burqa existed in Arabia before Islam, and the mobility of upper-class women was restricted in Babylonia, Persian, and Byzantine Empires before the advent of Islam.
Historians believe purdah was acquired by the Muslims during the expansion of the Arab Empire into modern-day Iraq in the 7th century C.E and that Islam merely added religious significance to already existing local practices of the times.
Muslim rule of northern India during the Mughal Empire influenced the practice of Hinduism, and the purdah spread to the Hindu upper classes of northern India.
The spread of purdah outside of the Muslim community can be attributed to the tendency of affluent classes to mirror the societal practices of the nobility; poor women did not observe purdah.
Lower class women in small villages often worked in fields, and therefore could not afford to abandon their work to be secluded.
In modern times, the practice of veiling and secluding women is still present in mainly Islamic countries, communities and South Asian countries.
Some scholars argue that purdah was initially designed to protect women from being harassed, but later these practices became a way to justify efforts to subjugate women and limit their mobility and freedom.
However, others argue that these practices were always in place as local custom, but were later adopted by religious rhetoric to control female behavior.
In many societies, the seclusion of women to the domestic sphere is a demonstration of higher socioeconomic status and prestige because women are not needed for manual labor outside the home.
The rationales of individual women for keeping purdah are complex and can be a combination of motivations, freely chosen or in response to social pressure or coercion: religious, cultural (desire for authentic cultural dress), political (Islamization of the society), economic (status symbol, protection from the public gaze), psychological (detachment from public sphere to gain respect), fashion and decorative purposes, and empowerment (donning veils to move in public space).
And I learned the word and its many meanings in the observed practice of the various female members of my middle-class family in Bara Banki, a small town in north India.
The little stool slung from a pole that two men carried would be brought to our back door -- the door to the zanana or the ladies' section -- and the two carriers would step away behind the curtain wall.
Ammi would wrap herself in a white sheet and squat on the flat stool, and a heavy custom-made cover would be thrown over her and the doli.
When Ammi traveled in my father's car, she covered herself the same way, while the back seat of the car where she sat was made completely invisible by pieces of cloth hung across the windows.
Hers was a two piece ‘modern' outfit, as opposed to the one-piece -- derisively called ‘the shuttlecock' by my sisters -- that was preferred by the older or more conservatively spirited in the family.
Apa’s burqa’ consisted of a skirt and a separate top throw -- one that covered her from the head to the thighs.
The top had a separate veil hanging over the face, which Apa could throw back in the company of women, e.g.
while traveling in the ladies compartment on a train, or hold partly aside to look at things more closely when she went shopping.
I should not neglect to mention that in those days -- I’m talking about the Forties -- it was considered improper even for Hindu ladies of certain classes to be seen in public with their hair and faces uncovered, particularly the married women.
Their daughters traveled to school daily in a covered wagon that was pushed by two men, just like their Muslim counterparts.
A fold of the sari is drawn over the face when the woman is in the presence of older male in-laws or in a place where there is likelihood of meeting them, e.g.
It is not worn otherwise, for example, when visiting her mother's home or in a location far from the in-laws' village.
Another important aspect of purdah is modesty for women, which includes minimizing the movement of women in public spaces and interactions of women with other males.
For instance, for some purdah might mean never leaving the home unless accompanied by a male relative, or limiting interactions to only other women and male relatives (for some Muslims) or avoiding all males outside of the immediate family (for some Hindus).
Studies have shown that in conservative rural Bangladeshi communities, adherence to purdah is positively correlated with the risk of domestic violence.
In rural Pakistan, unmarried women and girls had trouble accessing healthcare facilities even in their own villages due to purdah; all types of women had difficulty accessing facilities outside of their villages because they had to be accompanied.
Along the same vein, studies of women's contraceptive use in Bangladesh shows that women with decreased observance of purdah and increased mobility are more likely to use contraceptives.
By restricting women's mobility, purdah places severe limits on women's ability to participate in gainful employment and to attain economic independence.
The ideology of purdah constricts women in the domestic sphere for reproductive role and places men in productive role as breadwinners who move through public space.
Across countries, women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to observe purdah less because they face greater financial pressures to work and gain income.
For instance, rural women in Bangladesh have been found to be less concerned with propriety and purdah, and take up work where available, migrating if they need to.
However, other studies found that purdah still plays a significant role in women's decisions to participate in the workforce, often prohibiting them from taking opportunities they would otherwise.
The degree to which women observe purdah and the pressures they face to conform or to earn income vary with their socioeconomic class.
Lack of mobility and discouragement from participating in political life means women cannot easily exercise their right to vote, run for political office, participate in trade unions, or participate in community level decision-making.
Women's limited participation in political decision-making therefore results in policies that do not sufficiently address needs and rights of women in areas such as access to healthcare, education and employment opportunities, property ownership, justice, and others.
In Tunisia and formerly Turkey, religious veiling is banned in public schools, universities, and government buildings as a measure to discourage displays of political Islam or fundamentalism.
In Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh where the word purdah is primarily used, the government has no policies either for or against veiling.
Nations such as Pakistan have been swinging to more conservative laws and policies that use rhetoric of following Islamic law, sometimes termed Islamization.
The result is policies that reinforce cultural norms that limit female mobility in the public sphere, promotion of gender segregation, and institutionalization of gender disparities.
For instance, women in Pakistan (mainly from the middle and upper-classes) organized trade unions and exercise their right to vote and influence decision making.
One major influence is the desire to be modern and keep up with the latest fashions, or refusal to do so as a source of autonomy and power.
Simultaneously, due to modernization in many urban areas, purdah and face-veiling are seen as unsophisticated and backwards, creating a trend in less strict observance of purdah.
For the Muslim South Asian diaspora living in secular non-Muslim communities such as Pakistani-Americans, attitudes about purdah have changed to be less strict.
As it pertains to education and economic opportunities, these immigrant families hold less conservative views about purdah after moving to America; for the daughters who do choose to wear the veil, they usually do so out of their own volition as a connection to their Islamic roots and culture.
In contemporary times, some men and women still interpret the purdah as a way to protect women's safety while moving in public sphere.
However, critics point out that this view engages victim-blaming and places the onus of preventing sexual assault on women rather than the perpetrators themselves.
Purdah has repeatedly been criticized as oppression of women by limiting female autonomy, freedom of movement, and access to resources such as education, employment, and political participation.
The result is policies that reinforce cultural norms that limit female mobility in the public sphere, promotion of gender segregation, and institutionalization of gender disparities.
For instance, in 2001 in Srinagar, India, four young Muslim women were victimized by acid attacks for not veiling themselves in public; similar threats and attacks have occurred in Pakistan and Kashmir.
For instance, in rural Bangladeshi villages, women who wear the burkha were found to have higher social participation and visibility, which overall contributes to an increase in women's status.
She was acquired by the Argentine Navy, renamed after the island east of Tierra del Fuego, and commissioned into the Naval Transport Service on 22 December 1980, being used to maintain a regular transport service between the Falkland Islands and the mainland.
On 28 March 1982 she sailed from Puerto Deseado to participate in Operation Rosario in the Falkland Islands, arriving on 4 April, three days after the initial landings, to provide transport around the archipelago.
Only two of the 24 men aboard survived; 15 crew members and seven servicemen (from all three armed forces plus the coast guard) were killed or missing.
In the timed race, cameras followed the teams with shopping carts through a large vacated supermarket with several aisles; the value of items thrown into the cart determined the winning team.
Revivals aired on Lifetime from February 5, 1990 to June 16, 1995 (with reruns until August 14, 1998, and on PAX from April 5, 1999 to March 31, 2000), and later from April 3, 2000 to May 23, 2003, with reruns airing until March 26, 2004.
Beginning on November 20, 2000, the show moved to NBC Studios, with that series' set modeled after a Unified Western Market.
The announcer was Johnny Gilbert from 1990 to 1995 and again from April to June 2000, with Randy West taking over for Gilbert in July 2000 and continuing for the rest of the series.
Leslie Jones will host a new version of the show on ABC, which will begin filming in the spring of 2020.
In the first round of the game, one contestant from each team was shown a grocery item and were asked to guess its retail price.
In the second round of the game, the contestant from each team who did not play the first round went on a shopping spree through the market, using the time accumulated.
All teams kept every item they picked up, with the team with the highest total in groceries, bonus prizes and other items winning the right to return to the show and play in the next game.
The game was played between three teams of two related individuals, such as a parent and child, spouses, siblings, or best friends, initially called to play by an object they were holding (in the studio audience for the Lifetime version, backstage for the PAX version).
Beginning with the Big Sweep, the team members would put on sweatshirts of the same color, with each team ranked depending on how much time they earned in the question rounds.
In the first season, the sweatshirt colors for teams 1, 2, and 3 were light blue, red, and yellow, respectively; the sweatshirt colors of teams 1 and 2 were swapped in subsequent seasons.
Through a series of three rounds, contestants were asked a series of questions, usually centered around knowledge of products found in a grocery store.
Questions included identifying a product that was missing letters, determining the brand of a product via an edited picture, and identifying a product based on a series of facts.
This was accomplished in several different ways; two popular methods included determining which item in a set of three did not fit the designated criteria (e.g.
A mainstay in the second round gave contestants the opportunity to add 30 seconds to their time banks if all three contestants gave the correct answer.
The team that correctly answered the question earned 10 seconds, as well as a chance for one team member to run into the market to retrieve a package of that product marked with the show's logo.
Failing to find the marked package, returning it after time ran out, or bringing back an unmarked package or one of an incorrect product, awarded no bonus.
Starting with the fifth season, a second Mini-Sweep was added at the beginning of the second round; while this was later discontinued as a regular feature, it would be used during special weeks on the PAX version.
The clock for the Big Sweep was set to the leading time, and it started when Team 1 was sent into the market.
In each finished episode, the footage was spliced together to create one near-real-time highlight reel, and the announcer would add a play-by-play commentary to the reel, describing the items being placed in each contestant's cart.
With the exception of certain bonuses, items had to be in a team's cart (either the runner's current one, or a full one already delivered to the checkout) when time ran out in order to count toward their total.
The product limit, which was absent in the original ABC version of the show, was added to prevent a team from overloading their carts with expensive items, such as poultry, laundry detergent or over-the-counter drugs.
The store was stocked with at least 15 items of each product, ensuring anyone could have as many of a given item as they were allowed if they chose it.
In most episodes early in the show's first season on Lifetime, costumed characters such as Frankenstein's monster, a gorilla or a creature named Mr. Yuck ran through the aisles during the Sweep.
If the character came near a contestant or vice versa, the contestant had to turn around and go in the other direction; if the contestant's cart hit the character, a penalty was also imposed..
Examples included completing a shopping list of items provided by the emcee, grinding a designated amount of coffee beans, or finding a mystery product.
Examples of bonus items were stuffed animals, giant signs, or inflatable versions of consumer products; each team could only take one such item.
Each bonus item had a sticker that disclosed its value—the maximum value of a bonus item was initially $200; later raised to $250.
Once time expired, a bell rang to signify the end of the Big Sweep and the runners had to stop whatever they were doing and return to the checkout counters.
All of the products were scanned while the show took a final commercial break, and the grand totals of each team's takes were revealed when the show returned, beginning with Team 3, and ending with Team 1.
The team with the highest score won their Sweep total in cash and advanced to the Bonus Sweep for a chance to win an additional $5,000.
In the Bonus Sweep, the winning team was sent on a treasure hunt and given 60 seconds to find three different items in succession.
Ruprecht read a clue to lead the team to the identity of the first item, and once he was done the team darted into the market to try to find it as the clock started.
The correct item was tagged with a large circular token bearing the show's logo and a clue for a second item to be found.
This item in turn had a clue for a third item, which had a bundle of $5,000 in cash hidden behind it.
In order to win, the team had to find all three items and have their hands on the money before time ran out.
Originally, if the team found the final product and the $5,000 before either of the other two, they automatically forfeited the bonus round.
However, after the first two seasons, this was changed so that an overhead announcement was made reminding the team to find the first two products, then return to the third product and claim the cash.
During both runs of the show, special tournaments were held periodically, as well as other individual shows in which former teams were invited back for a chance to win more money, a trip aboard a cruise, or a pair of automobiles.
In some of the special tournaments, the bonus round was not played; instead, the show's conclusion came after Ruprecht announced the winner.
On October 13, 2017, it was announced that Fremantle had acquired the global rights to the format and that a revival of the show was in the works.
Several networks, including ABC, NBC, and Fox, as well as Netflix, were said to be interested in acquiring the revived series.
Viken (Old Norse: Vík or Víkin) or Vika, was the historical name during the Viking Age and the High Middle Ages for an area of Scandinavia that originally surrounded the Oslofjord and included the coast of Bohuslän.
Viking Age-era Viken was defined as the strait running between Norway and the southwest coast of Sweden and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark.
Control over Viken shifted between Danish and Norwegian kings in the middle ages, and Denmark continued to claim Viken until 1241.
There is disagreement among modern historians as to where the boundaries of the geographical area called Viken were during the Viking era.
Norwegian royal power began to assert itself in Viken with King Olav Haraldsson, mostly due to a sharp weakening of the Danish royal power.
Olaf first declared himself king of Norway in 1015 and established control of the nation in battle, principally the Battle of Nesjar in 1016.
The Norwegian kings achieved full authority with developments which reached its peak when the national capital was established at Oslo during the reign of King Haakon V of Norway in 1314.
Via Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) it went on to Caldera Systems, Caldera International, and The SCO Group before it was sold to UnXis (now Xinuos).
The MoOLIT toolkit was used for the windowing system, allowing the user to choose between an OPEN LOOK or MOTIF-like look and feel at run time.
In order to make the system more robust on commodity desktop hardware the Veritas VXFS journaling file system was used in place of the UFS file system used in SVR4.
Networking support in UnixWare included both TCP/IP and interoperability with Novell's NetWare protocols (IPX/SPX); the former were the standard among Unix users at the time of development, while PC networking was much more commonly based on NetWare.
Destiny was released in 1992 as UnixWare 1.0, with the intention of unifying the fragmented PC Unix market behind this single variant of the operating system.
The Advanced Merge application was installed on both the server and personal editions to allow running DOS and Windows 3.1 applications.
Both the personal and server editions supported two processor systems, with the possibility of buying extra Processor Upgrade licenses for the server edition.
Instead, a NetWare 4.10 server on Linux was offered as Caldera NetWare for Linux for OpenLinux since 1998, and Novell's Open Enterprise Server finally came in 2005.
The exact terms of this transaction were disputed (see SCO vs Novell); courts have subsequently determined that Novell retained the ownership of Unix.
At the release of UnixWare 2.1 it was announced that the proposed UnixWare/OpenServer merger was known as project Gemini, to be available in 1997 and a 64-bit version of UnixWare was to be developed for 1998.
The Univel and Novell releases of UnixWare allowed 2 users on the personal edition or unlimited numbers of users on the server edition.
In 1998 Compaq released a package known as the Integrity XC consisting of a single-system image cluster of Proliant servers with a version of UnixWare 2.1, UnixWare NonStop Clusters.
The system was largely based on UnixWare 2.1, with features for driver compatibility with OpenServer, allowing use of OpenServer network drivers.
In 1999 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1 update which increased the number of editions, the Business (5-user), Department (25 user) and Enterprise (50 user) editions replaced the earlier personal and server editions.
This new package allowed commodity hardware to be used as well as the proprietary Compaq hardware supported by the earlier Integrity XC product, and was directly available from SCO.
On 2 August 2000, Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) announced that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as rights to the OpenServer and UnixWare products, to Caldera Systems.
Caldera International renamed itself to The SCO Group in August 2002, after broadening its product line to include mobile products and services.
Later, the newly renamed The SCO Group reverted to the previous UnixWare brand and version release numbering, releasing UnixWare 7.1.3 and 7.1.4.
On 11 April 2011, UnXis bought The SCO Group operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware.
The SCO Group, Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group, Inc., and SCO Operations, Inc. became TSG Operations, Inc., and in August 2012 filed to convert from Chapter 11 to Chapter 7.
In June 2013 UnXis was renamed as Xinuos and announced product and availability for SCO UnixWare 7.1.4+, now supporting both physical and virtual machines.
All versions of SCO operating system distributions including UnixWare also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via the SCO Skunkware site.
The basis for an electrochemical cell, such as the galvanic cell, is always a redox reaction which can be broken down into two half-reactions: oxidation at anode (loss of electron) and reduction at cathode (gain of electron).
This potential difference is created as a result of the difference between individual potentials of the two metal electrodes with respect to the electrolyte.
Although the overall potential of a cell can be measured, there is no simple way to accurately measure the electrode/electrolyte potentials in isolation.
Since the oxidation potential of a half-reaction is the negative of the reduction potential in a redox reaction, it is sufficient to calculate either one of the potentials.
Thus, only one empirical value is available in a pair of electrodes and it is not possible to determine the value for each electrode in the pair using the empirically obtained galvanic cell potential.
In this case the standard hydrogen electrode is set to 0.00 V and any electrode, for which the electrode potential is not yet known, can be paired with standard hydrogen electrode—to form a galvanic cell—and the galvanic cell potential gives the unknown electrode's potential.
Using this process, any electrode with an unknown potential can be paired with either the standard hydrogen electrode or another electrode for which the potential has already been derived and that unknown value can be established.
Since the electrode potentials are conventionally defined as reduction potentials, the sign of the potential for the metal electrode being oxidized must be reversed when calculating the overall cell potential.
For practical measurements, the electrode in question is connected to the positive terminal of the electrometer, while the standard hydrogen electrode is connected to the negative terminal.
The larger the value of the standard reduction potentials, the harder it is for the element to be reduced (giving off electrons); in other words, they are better oxidizing agents.
For example, F has 2.87 V and Li has −3.05 V. F reduces easily and is therefore a good oxidizing agent.
Thus Zn whose standard reduction potential is −0.76 V can be oxidized by any other electrode whose standard reduction potential is greater than −0.76 V (e.g.
H(0 V), Cu(0.34 V), F(2.87 V)) and can be reduced by any electrode with standard reduction potential less than −0.76 V (e.g.
The company was formed as Sanofi-Aventis in 2004, by the merger of Aventis and Sanofi-Synthélabo, which were each the product of several previous mergers.
Sanofi engages in the research and development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical drugs principally in the prescription market, but the firm also develops over-the-counter medication.
The company covers seven major therapeutic areas: cardiovascular, central nervous system, diabetes, internal medicine, oncology, thrombosis and vaccines (it is the world's largest producer of the latter through its subsidiary Sanofi Pasteur).
Sanofi was founded in 1973 as a subsidiary of Elf Aquitaine (a French oil company subsequently acquired by Total), when Elf Aquitaine took control of the Labaz group, a pharmaceutical company formed in 1947, by Societe Belge de l'Azote et des Produits Chimiques du Marly; Labaz developed benziodarone in 1957.
In 1993, Sanofi made a move into the Eastern Europe market by acquiring a controlling interest in Chinoin, a Hungarian drug company that had about US$104 million in sales in 1992.
In that same year, Sanofi's made its first significant venture into the U.S., and strengthened its presence in Eastern Europe, by first partnering with Sterling Winthrop and then acquiring the prescription pharmaceuticals business in 1994.
Synthélabo was founded in 1970, through the merger of two French pharmaceutical laboratories, Laboratoires Dausse (founded in 1834) and Laboratoires Robert & Carrière (founded in 1899).
Sanofi-Synthélabo was formed in 1999, when Sanofi merged with Synthélabo; at the time of the merger Sanofi was the second largest pharmaceutical group in France in terms of sales and Synthélabo was the third largest.
The merged companies focused on pharmaceuticals, divesting several businesses soon after the merger, including beauty, diagnostics, animal health and nutrition, custom chemicals, and two medical equipment businesses.
Aventis was formed in 1999, when French company Rhône-Poulenc S.A. merged with the German corporation Hoechst Marion Roussel, which itself was formed from the 1995 merger of Hoechst AG with Cassella, Roussel Uclaf and Marion Merrell Dow.
At the time of the merger, Rhône-Poulenc's business included the pharmaceutical businesses Rorer, Centeon (blood products), and Pasteur Merieux (vaccines), the plant and animal health businesses Rhône-Poulenc Agro, Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition, and Merial, and a 67 percent share in Rhodia, a speciality chemicals company.
Hoechst, one of the companies resulting from the post-WWII split of IG Farben, had seven primary businesses: Hoechst Marion Roussel (pharmaceuticals), AgrEvo (a joint venture with Schering in crop protection agents and pest control products), HR Vet (veterinary products), Dade Behring (diagnostics), Centeon, Celanese (chemicals), and Messer (chemicals).
Merieux has been in the business of selling blood products, and In the 1980s during the , Merieux and other companies were involved in scandals related to HIV-contaminated haemophilia blood products that were sold to developing nations.
In 2000, Aventis and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a US biotechnology company formed to discover new drugs based on the then-new science of genomics, announced that Aventis would make a $250M investment in Millennium and would pay $200M to Millennium in research fees over five years, one of the largest such deals between a big pharmaceutical company and a biotech company at the time.
In late 2000, in the midst of the recall of Starlink, its genetically modified maize product, Aventis announced that it had determined to sell off Aventis Cropscience, the seed and pesticide business unit it had created from the agriculture businesses of its predecessors.
In October 2001, Bayer and Aventis announced that Bayer would acquire the unit for about $6.6 billion, with the unit becoming Bayer CropScience and making Bayer the world's second-largest agrochemical company behind Syngenta.
In 2003, Aventis entered into a collaboration with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, a New York biotechnology company, to develop Regeneron's VEGF-inhibiting drug, aflibercept, in the field of cancer, which was then in Phase I clinical trials.
Regeneron partnered the drug with Bayer Healthcare in the field of proliferative eye diseases, and under the name Eylea it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011; after several setbacks in clinical trials, Regeneron and Sanofi got the drug approved in metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with other agents, under the brand name Zaltrap in 2012.
Initially, Aventis rejected the bid because it felt that the bid offered inferior value based on the company's share value, and the board of Aventis went so far as to enact poison pill provisions and to invite Novartis to enter merger negotiations.
The three-month takeover battle concluded when Sanofi-Synthélabo launched a friendly bid of €54.5 billion in place of the previously rejected hostile bid.
One of the largest risks in the deal for both sides, was the fate of the patents protecting Clopidogrel (Plavix) which was one of the top-selling drugs in the world at the time and the major source of Sanofi's revenue.
In 2006, Iraqis infected with HIV sued Sanofi and Baxter due to HIV-contaminated haemophilia blood products sold by Merieux in the 1980s.
In 2006, the US patents on clopidogrel (Plavix) were challenged when a Canadian generics company, Apotex, filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application under the Hatch-Waxman Act, received FDA approval, and started marketing a generic clopidogrel.
When Apotex disclosed the oral agreement to the FTC, the FTC launched an investigation that led to Dolan being fired by BMS.
Apotex finally lost on the patent litigation issues after its third appeal was decided in favor of BMS/Sanofi in November 2011; Apotex had to pay ~$442 million in damages and ~$108 million in interest for infringing the patent, which it paid in full by February 2012.
Apotex also sued BMS and Sanofi for $3.4 billion for allegedly breaching the settlement agreement, and Apotex lost a jury trial in March 2013.
In 2007, Sanofi-Aventis expanded on Aventis' prior relationship with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; in the new deal Sanofi-Aventis agreed to pay Regeneron $100 million each year for five years, under which Regeneron would use its monoclonal antibody discovery platform to create new biopharmaceuticals, which Sanofi-Aventis gained the exclusive right to co-develop.
In 2009, the companies expanded the deal to $160 million per year and extended it through 2017. , the collaboration had four antibodies in clinical development and had filed an IND for a fifth.
Two were against undisclosed targets, one targeted the interleukin-6 receptor as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, another targeted nerve growth factor for the treatment of pain, and another targeted delta-like ligand 4 as a treatment of cancer.
Between 2008, when Chris Viebacher was hired as CEO, and 2010, the company spent more than $17 billion in mergers and acquisitions to strengthen its consumer healthcare and generics platforms, especially in emerging markets, in the face of looming patent cliffs and the growth of the consumer healthcare segment.
In 2009, Medley Farma, the third largest pharmaceutical company in Brazil and a leading generics company in that country, was acquired for about $635 million.
In October Sanofi-Aventis announced that it would lay off about 1,700 US employees (about 25% of its US workforce) due to restructuring triggered by growing generic competition and other factors, and that the company would focus its US operations on diabetes, atrial fibrillation and oncology.
The company dropped the -Aventis suffix of its name on 6 May 2011, after receiving approval at its annual general meeting.
The reason given by the company for the change was to make its name easier to pronounce in countries such as China.
Sanofi sought support for its internal cancer research program and also took on an obligation to acquire Warp Drive if certain milestones were met.
In January 2014, Genzyme and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, a US biotechnology company developing RNAi therapeutics, announced that Genyzme would invest $700 million in Alnylam.
Under the deal, Genzyme obtained further rights to patisiran, an RNAi treatment for transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis – a condition that can result in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy - and obtained rights to other compounds in Alnylam's pipeline.
In March 2014, Sanofi joined the bidding for Merck & Co.'s over-the-counter health-products unit, the maker of Coppertone sunblock and Claritin allergy medicine; bids were expected to range between $10 billion and $12 billion.
In October 2014, Sanofi's directors fired US-resident chief executive Chris Viehbacher, blaming his alleged lack of communication with the board and poor execution of his strategy.
Board chairperson Serge Weinberg took over as interim CEO until 2 April 2015 when Bayer Healthcare board chairperson Olivier Brandicourt (appointed by Sanofi on 19 February 2015) took over.
Before Brandicourt even started his new job, French government ministers Stéphane Le Foll and Ségolène Royal attacked the $4.5 million golden handshake he was getting from Sanofi – and his pay of about $4.7 million a year.
In July 2015, Genzyme announced it would acquire the rare cancer drug Caprelsa (vandetanib) from AstraZeneca for up to $300 million.
In the same month In July 2015, the company announced a new global collaboration with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals to discover, develop, and commercialise new immuno-oncology drugs, which could generate more than $2 billion for Regeneron, with $640 million upfront, $750 million for proof of concept data and $650 million from the development of REGN2810.
In June 2016, the company announced it had struck an asset-swap deal with Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi would sell its Merial animal health division (valuing it at €11.4 billion), whilst acquiring Boehringers consumer health division (valuing it at €6.7 billion) and €4.7 billion in cash.
In July 2017, the company announced its intention to acquire Protein Sciences, a privately held, Connecticut-based vaccines biotechnology company, for $650 million and with up to $100 million in milestone achievements.
In January 2018, Sanofi announced that it would acquire Bioverativ for $11.6 billion and days later announced it would acquire Ablynx for €3.9 billion ($4.8 billion).
In December 2019, the company announced it would acquire Synthorx for $2.5 billion ($68 per share), adding the lead product candidate THOR-707, a form of interleukin-2 (IL-2) being developed for use against multiple solid tumours.
Product recall and effects: The Epinephrine auto-injection devices made by Sanofi SA currently on the market in the U.S. and Canada were voluntarily recalled on 28 October 2015.
The reason stated by Sanofi was that the products have been found to potentially have inaccurate dosage delivery, which may include failure to deliver drug.
Sanofi US also added the following warning: If a patient experiencing a serious allergic reaction (i.e., anaphylaxis) did not receive the intended dose, there could be significant health consequences, including death because anaphylaxis is a potentially life‑threatening condition.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also filed a news release confirming that the recall involves all Auvi-Q currently on the market in the U.S.
The FDA release went on to provide information for consumers re: exchanging the device for another brand of product, also provided on the Auvi-Q web site.
Sanofi US will provide reimbursement for out of pocket costs incurred for the purchase of new, alternate epinephrine auto-injectors with proof of purchase.
The alternate products expected to most commonly replace the recalled Sanofi devices are the EpiPens made by Mylan in the US and by Pfizer—under license from Mylan—in Canada.
Gal also believes that the company will eventually have 95% of the Epinephrine auto-injector market, according to another Fierce Pharma report on 3 November 2015.
The company also produces a broad range of over-the-counter products, among them Allegra, IcyHot for muscle pain, Gold Bond for skin irritation, and Selsun Blue dandruff shampoo.
, Sanofi was in a race with Amgen and Pfizer to win approval for a drug that inhibits PCSK9, a protein that slows the clearance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol – the form of cholesterol that leads to heart attacks.
An FDA warning in March 2014, about possible cognitive adverse effects of PCSK9 inhibition threw the competition into disarray, as the FDA asked companies to include neurocognitive testing into their Phase III clinical trials.
In 2013, Sanofi announced that another candidate from its collaboration with Regeneron, the monoclonal antibody against the interleukin 6 receptor, sarilumab, had better efficacy than placebo in its first Phase III trial for rheumatoid arthritis.
In addition to internal research and development activities Sanofi is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners.
One example in the area of non-clinical safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox project The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative of EFPIA and the European Commission.
In June 2010, Sanofi and the Charite University of Berlin signed a cooperation agreement for the research and development of medicines and therapies.
On 25 October 2012, Sanofi said its earnings for the third quarter slumped as generic competitors ate into profits of its Eloxatin cancer treatment.
In 2005, Sanofi Pasteur, vaccines division of Sanofi Group, was awarded a $97 Million United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) contract.
The facility, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, produced BCG vaccine products, made with the Glaxo 1077 strain, such as a tuberculosis vaccine ImmuCYST, a BCG Immunotherapeutic -a bladder cancer drug.
By April 2012, the FDA had found dozens of documented problems with sterility at the plant including mold, nesting birds and rusted electrical conduits.
Sanofi is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA), Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), and Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA).
The Aventis Foundation, a German charitable trust, was established in 1996, as the Hoechst Foundation with an endowment of €50 million.
He provided support for conservative and libertarian causes in the United States, mostly through the private, nonprofit foundations he controlled: the Sarah Scaife Foundation, Carthage Foundation, and Allegheny Foundation, and until 2001, the Scaife Family Foundation, now controlled by his daughter Jennie and son David.
Scaife was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Alan Magee Scaife, the head of an affluent Pittsburgh family, and Sarah Cordelia Mellon, who was a member of the influential Mellon family, one of the most powerful families in the country.
She and her brother, financier R.K. Mellon, were heirs to the Mellon fortune that included Mellon Bank and major stakes in Gulf Oil and Alcoa aluminum.
Scaife attended high school at Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts where he almost didn't graduate after getting caught drinking off campus at the age of 14.
He was expelled from Yale University in the aftermath of a drunken party in which he launched an empty beer keg down a flight of stairs, injuring a classmate.
With the help of his father, who was chairman of the board of trustees, he attended the University of Pittsburgh and graduated with a bachelor's degree in English in 1957.
In 1973, he became estranged from his sister Cordelia and he took control of many of the family foundations while Cordelia supported her own charities, including Planned Parenthood and the National Aviary in Pittsburgh.
The paper was based in Greensburg, the county seat and center of Westmoreland County, located about 30 miles southeast of Pittsburgh.
According to the Audit Bureau of Circulation, the Tribune-Review has a combined 221,000 regional circulation, about 7,000 subscribers fewer than its competitor.
With Scaife as publisher, the small circulation newspaper was the chief packager of editorials and news columns claiming that then United States President Bill Clinton or his wife, then First Lady Hillary Clinton were responsible for the death of Deputy White House counsel Vince Foster.
In 2004, Scaife was reported to own 7.2 percent of Newsmax Media, a news-based Web site with conservative political content founded by Ruddy in 1998.
Scaife gained notoriety for evading weak campaign finance laws to donate US$990,000 to the 1972 re-election campaign of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon.
Following Robert Duggan's suicide and then Watergate, he shifted his political giving from politicians' campaigns to anti-communist research groups, legal defense funds, and publications.
The project not only accused Clinton of financial and sexual indiscretions (some later verified, others not), but also gave root to conspiracist notions that the Clintons collaborated with the CIA to run a drug smuggling operation out of the town of Mena, Arkansas and that Clinton had arranged for the murder of White House aide Vince Foster as part of a coverup of the Whitewater scandal.
The possibility that money from the project had been given to former Clinton associate David Hale, a witness in the Whitewater investigation, led to the appointment of Michael J. Shaheen as a special investigator.
In the fall of 2007, however, Ruddy published a positive interview with former President Clinton on Newsmax.com, followed by a positive cover story in the magazine.
He also said that he and Scaife had never suggested Clinton was involved in Foster's death, nor had they spread allegations about Clinton's sex scandals, although their work may have encouraged others.
Besides donations to the Republican National Committee and various political campaigns such as Santorum 2000 and the Santorum Victory Committee for Rick Santorum, he has also supported political action committees such as the Pro-Growth Action Team, the Free Congress PAC (formerly: Committee For the Survival Of a Free Congress), and the Club For Growth Inc. PAC.
When Scaife refocused his political giving away from individuals and toward anti-communist research groups, legal defense funds, and publications, the first among these was the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University.
Through contacts made at Hoover and elsewhere, Scaife became a major, early supporter of The Heritage Foundation, which has since become one of Washington's most influential public policy research institutes.
By 1998, his foundations were listed among donors to over 100 such groups, to which he had disbursed some $340 million by 2002.
Starr accepted the post in 1996, but in the ensuing controversy, he gave up the appointment in 1998 before ever having started at Pepperdine.
After the investigation, Starr was appointed to head Pepperdine's law school in 2004, and became president of Baylor University in 2010.
However, Scaife supported certain policy research groups which are not explicitly conservative, such as the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), and the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI), at the University of Pennsylvania, among others.
In the late 1990s, during the height of the Clinton scandals, Scaife nevertheless continued to provide more than $1 million to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the prime benefactor of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).
He was a key benefactor of a number of Pittsburgh-based arts organizations: Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, the Sarah Scaife Galleries at the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh art museum, the Brandywine Conservancy, the Phipps Conservatory, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., as well as Goodwill Industries of Pittsburgh.
He also supported a variety of educational institutions, notably the University of Chicago, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, Carnegie Mellon University, Boston University, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Rochester, Smith College, Bowling Green State University, and his prep school, Deerfield Academy.
The couple subsequently separated, and, on December 27, 2005, the Pittsburgh Police responded to a call placed by Richard Scaife reporting trespassing at Scaife's residence in the prestigious Shadyside section of Pittsburgh.
Three days later, on April 11, Scaife confided to a gossip columnist that he and Margaret Scaife planned to divorce and that their marriage began without a prenuptial agreement.
The papers include a full list of the possessions Margaret Scaife alleged her husband had taken and was keeping from her.
On February 8, 1999 former military intelligence specialist and progressive writer Steve Kangas committed suicide less than 60 feet (18 m) from Scaife's office door inside One Oxford Centre in Pittsburgh.
Scaife died after a battle with cancer on the morning of July 4, 2014 at his home, one day after his 82nd birthday.
He is an exponent of Chicago blues and has influenced guitarists including Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, Keith Richards, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jeff Beck, Gary Clark Jr. and John Mayer.
In the 1960s, Guy played with Muddy Waters as a house guitarist at Chess Records and began a musical partnership with the harmonica player Junior Wells.
Later he was given a Harmony acoustic guitar which, decades later in Guy's lengthy career, was donated to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Guy's early career was impeded by conservative business choices made by his record company, Chess Records, his label from 1959 to 1968, which refused to record Guy playing in the novel style of his live shows.
In the early 1960s, Chess tried recording Guy as a solo artist with R&B ballads, jazz instrumentals, soul and novelty dance tunes, but none of these recordings were released as a single.
Chess used Guy mainly as a session guitarist to back Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson, Koko Taylor and others.
During his tenure with Chess, Guy recorded sessions with Junior Wells for Delmark Records under the pseudonym Friendly Chap in 1965 and 1966.
As of 2019, Guy still performs at least a hundred and thirty nights a year, including a month of shows each January at his Chicago blues club, Buddy Guy's Legends.
His music can vary from the most traditional, deepest blues to a creative, unpredictable and radical gumbo of the blues, avant rock, soul and free jazz that changes with each performance.
On February 21, 2012, Guy performed in concert at the White House for President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.
Guy has won eight Grammy Awards, for his work on electric and acoustic guitars and for contemporary and traditional forms of blues music, as well as a Lifetime Achievement Award.
In 2003, he was presented with the National Medal of Arts, awarded by the President of the United States to those who have made extraordinary contributions to the creation, growth and support of the arts in the United States.
Clapton recalled seeing Guy perform in London's Marquee Club in 1965, impressing him with his technique, his looks and his charismatic showmanship.
He remembered seeing Guy pick the guitar with his teeth and play it over his head—two tricks that later influenced Jimi Hendrix.
In 2008, Guy was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame, performing at the Texas Club in Baton Rouge to commemorate the occasion.
He was honored that night along with Dustin Hoffman, Led Zeppelin (John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant), David Letterman and Natalia Makarova.
The Royal Society Science Books Prize is an annual £25,000 prize awarded by the Royal Society to celebrate outstanding popular science books from around the world.
It is open to authors of science books written for a non-specialist audience, and since it was established in 1988 has championed writers such as Stephen Hawking, Jared Diamond, Stephen Jay Gould and Bill Bryson.
The Royal Society established the Science Books Prize in 1988 with the aim of encouraging the writing, publishing and reading of good and accessible popular science books.
The judges for the 2016 prize included author Bill Bryson, theoretical physicist Dr Clare Burrage, science fiction author Alastair Reynolds, ornithologist and science blogger GrrlScientist, and author and director of external affairs at the Science Museum Group, Roger Highfield.
All books entered for the prize must be published in English for the first time between September and October the preceding year.
In chess, a draw by (mutual) agreement is the outcome of a game due to the agreement of both players to a draw.
A player may offer a draw to his opponent at any stage of a game; if the opponent accepts, the game is a draw.
The vast majority of drawn chess games at the amateur club/tournament level and higher are draws by mutual agreement rather than the other ways a game can be drawn (stalemate, threefold repetition, fifty-move rule, or impossibility of checkmate) .
The FIDE laws state that a draw should be offered after making the move and before pressing the game clock, and marked in the scoresheet as (=) (see Appendix C.13).
If a player makes a draw offer before making their move, the opponent can ask them to make their move before deciding.
A draw may be rejected either verbally or by making a move (the offer is nullified if the opponent makes a move).
Some chess players and fans believe short grandmaster draws or even all draws by agreement are bad, but attempts to stop or discourage them have not been effective .
This rule is applied with the arbiter's discretion: a player loudly offering a draw while his opponent is thinking may well suffer a time penalty or even forfeit the game, but it is unlikely that a player would be penalized for, say, offering a draw in a lifeless position when it is not their turn to move .
For example, many consider it bad manners for a player who has offered a draw once to do so again before their opponent has offered a draw.
Such repeated offers of a draw have also sometimes been considered distracting enough to warrant the arbiter taking action under article 12.5.
It is bad etiquette to offer a draw in a clearly lost position , , or even when one has no winning chances but the opponent still has winning chances .
Mastichiadis, a minor master, was so happy to get half a point against his illustrious opponent that he did not pause to examine the position before accepting the offer.
The rule about the procedure of offering a draw was violated in a 1981 game between Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov.
In the 1958 game between Tigran Petrosian and Bobby Fischer, Fischer offered a draw without making a move first, which was accepted by Petrosian.
It was Petrosian's place to extend the draw offer after 67...Rxg6+ [...] 68.Kxg6 Kb1 69.f8=Q c2 with a book draw .
In 1977 Viktor Korchnoi and former World Champion Tigran Petrosian played a twelve-game quarter-final Candidates Match to ultimately determine the challenger for the 1978 World Championship.
After eleven games Korchnoi was leading by one point, so he only needed a draw in the final game to advance to the semi-finals.
Sometimes time constraints for one (or possibly both) player(s) to complete a game may be a factor in agreeing to a draw.
A player with an advantageous position but limited time may be agreeable to a draw to avoid risking a loss from running out of time, and the opponent may also be agreeable to a draw due to his/her disadvantageous position.
British expert P. H. Clarke talked about the positive aspects of a short draw: Unless you are of the calibre of Botvinnik – and who is – you cannot hope to play at full power day after day.
Their comments on two short draws follow (Spassky versus Petrosian and Reshevsky versus Portisch), followed by comments on some other short draws.
On my part it would have been pointless to rely on his as I saw that after 17. dxe5 Nd5 18.
In such a strong tournament and against such outstanding players it would not be wise to try to win a game of this kind.
In the 1958 game between Yuri Averbakh and Bobby Fischer, the players agreed to a draw in an unclear position where White is a piece ahead.
Averbakh stated that Fischer offered the draw and that each player had only about ten minutes to make the 19 or 20 moves before time control.
In 1962 a Candidates Tournament was held in Curaçao to determine the challenger to Mikhail Botvinnik in the 1963 World Championship.
There is good evidence that Soviet players Tigran Petrosian, Paul Keres, and Efim Geller arranged to draw all of the games between themselves.
In the 21st of 24 games of the 1960 World Chess Championship between Mikhail Tal and Mikhail Botvinnik, Tal only needed a half point to win the title, so he got to a position where Black had no winning chances, and quickly agreed to a draw.
In the 1967 USSR Championship, Lev Polugaevsky and Mikhail Tal were leading with the same number of points going into the next-to-last round.
I accepted, although for decency's sake we made a further 12 moves or so, and the question of first place was put off until the last round.
Before the 20th game of the 1986 World Championship, Kasparov had just lost three games in a row, which evened the match score.
Although many games logically end in a draw after a hard-fought battle between the players, there have been attempts throughout history to discourage or completely disallow draws.
Chess is the only widely played sport where the contestants can agree to a draw at any time for any reason.
Because such quick draws are widely considered unsatisfactory both for spectators (who may only see half-an-hour of play with nothing very interesting happening) and sponsors (who suffer from decreased interest in the media), various measures have been adopted over the years to discourage players from agreeing to draws.
Chess trainer Mark Dvoretsky, writing in a column for the Chess Cafe website, suggested that agreed draws should not be allowed at all, pointing out that such an agreement cannot be reached in other sports such as boxing.
The players could not draw by agreement, but they could have draws by stalemate, threefold repetition, the fifty-move rule, and insufficient material.
In 1929 the first edition of the FIDE laws of chess required thirty moves to be played before a draw by agreement.
In 1954 FIDE rejected a request to reinstate the rule, but it did state that it is unethical and unsportsmanlike to agree to a draw before a serious contest had begun.
FIDE stated that the director should discipline players who repeatedly disrespect this guideline, but it seemed to have no effect on players.
In 1962 FIDE reinstated a version of the rule against draws by agreement in fewer than thirty moves, with the director allowing them in exceptional circumstances.
In 2003, GM Maurice Ashley wrote an essay The End of the Draw Offer?, which raised discussion about ways to avoid quick agreed draws in chess tournaments.
The 2003 Generation Chess International Tournament in New York City had a rule that draws could not be agreed to before move fifty (draws by other means, such as threefold repetition or stalemate, were permissible at any stage).
In the very first international round-robin tournament in London in 1862, drawn games had to be replayed until there was a decisive result.
One potential issue for this proposal is that both players can quickly agree to a draw in the tournament game and then play a speed chess game to decide things.
The FIDE 128 player tournament has seen many matches where the two tournament time control games are drawn and advancement is decided by rapid (thirty minutes for a game) or blitz (five minutes) games.
The 3-1-0 scoring system awards three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss.
It was adopted by FIFA for football matches in 1994, after many leagues around the world had used it successfully to reduce the number of stalling draws.
FIFA formerly employed the 2-1-0 scoring system, which is equivalent to that used generally in chess today: one point for a win, half a point for a draw, and no points for a loss.
At the 1964 FIDE Congress, the Puerto Rican delegate proposed that a win be given four points, a draw be given two points, a game played and lost one point, and no points for a forfeit.
The BAP System was designed to make it undesirable for one or both players to agree to a draw by changing the point value of win/loss/draw based on color played: three points for winning as Black, two points for winning as White, one point for drawing as Black, and no points for drawing as White or for losing as either White or Black.
The BAP System was developed by Clint Ballard, a chess aficionado and software-company president, who named it the Ballard Anti-draw Point system (BAP).
Chess will NEVER succeed in the American TV market until we eliminate the draw as anything other than a very rare outcome.
There have been proposals that certain kinds of draws should be worth more points than others – for example, awarding only half a point for an agreed draw, but three-quarters of a point for a side delivering stalemate (one-quarter of a point going to the side who is stalemated).
In 2005, GM John Nunn wrote that he believed the rules did not need to change, and that the simple solution was for organizers to not invite players known for taking short draws.
In the previously mentioned 2003 Generation Chess International Tournament, players agreeing to premature draws were to be fined 10% of their appearance fee and 10% of any prize money won.
In a similar vein, the tournament organiser Luis Rentero (best known for organising the very strong tournaments in Linares) has sometimes enforced a rule whereby draws cannot be agreed to before move thirty.
378 (1798), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court ruled early in America's history that the President of the United States has no formal role in the process of amending the United States Constitution and that the Eleventh Amendment was binding on cases already pending prior to its ratification.
The Indiana Company was seeking to resolve a land claim with the state of Virginia regarding land in what is now West Virginia.
So, the first main issue in the case became whether the Eleventh Amendment was valid, not having been presented to the President for approval or veto.
The second main issue was whether the Eleventh Amendment applied retroactively to ongoing cases that had already begun before the Amendment was ratified.
The brief report by the reporter of decisions quotes Chase and the arguments of the opposing attorneys, but fails to explicitly give precise reasons for the Supreme Court's unanimous decision in this case, though it is known that none of the earlier amendments had been presented to the president for approbation either.
The clarity of this language in Article V has been cited as a reason why the Court did not think that further explanation of its decision was needed.
Tillman noted that Justice Chase's statement was not his official opinion, but merely a remark from the bench at oral argument, and therefore the failure of the other justices to contradict him should not elevate the status of Chase's remark to an official opinion by either him or by the Court.
Moreover, Tillman argued that there were several other grounds potentially explaining the Court's decision, including: that the proposed Eleventh Amendment was in fact delivered to George Washington, he declined to sign it, and Washington's non-signature did not amount to a pocket veto because Congress remained in session.
If this latter explanation explains the Court's obscure language in its opinion, then the Court only decided that on the particular facts actually before it the Eleventh Amendment was valid.
And once Chase had opened discussion distinguishing the proposition of amendments (by Congress) and their adoption (by the States), the parties were on notice that these issues were important to the Court.
If they chose to neglect them, the Court could still address them, and arguably the Court did so in its decision.
However, Kyvig does not explain which of Lee's specific arguments were adopted by the Court or how the language in the Court's opinion explains the primary issue in the case: the scope of Article V and the scope of Article I, Section 7, Clause 3 and the interplay (if any) between the two provisions.
The Malagasy kingfisher has a black bill and greenish crest, and is not quite as dependent on water as the African species.
The São Tomé kingfisher and the Príncipe kingfisher were sometimes considered as distinct species but a study published in 2008 showed that they are both subspecies of the malachite kingfisher.
Three or four clutches of three to six round, white eggs are placed on a litter of fish bones and disgorged pellets.
A fish is usually lifted and carried by its middle, but its position is changed, sometimes by tossing it into the air, before it is swallowed head downwards.
It is shaped like a sausage about two feet long, has no head nor leg and it is so poisonous that merely to touch it means instant death.
The Mongolians say it can kill at a distance, either by spraying a venom at its prey or by means of electric discharge.
They say that the worm lives underground, hibernating most of the year except for June and July, when it becomes active.
It has been told that the worm frequently preyed on camels and laid eggs in its intestines, and eventually acquired the trait of its red-like skin.
In hopes of extending its reach, the movement adopts a different theme and target group each year, and also collaborates with various partner organisations to provide programmes in line with the movement's goals.
The campaign aims to discourage the use of Singlish and encourage the use of a more standardised form of English, (i.e.
According to the movement's chairman, then Colonel (NS) David Wong, the Speak Good English Movement aims to build a sense of pride that Singaporeans can speak good English, as opposed to Singlish, as well as to check the trend where Singaporeans use Singlish as a way of identifying themselves.
Since 2003, the Speak Good English Movement has been launched annually with year-long programmes and activities held island-wide to increase the awareness among Singaporeans that speaking good English matters in their daily lives.
A year later in April 2000, he officially launched the Speak Good English Movement with the tagline 'Speak Well, Be Understood'.
He stressed the importance of speaking standard English and reducing the use of Singlish, as Singapore is a hub city and an open economy with a need to interact with English-speaking foreigners.
Singaporeans often use Chinese syntax and literal translations of Chinese phrases while speaking English, which make utterances seem truncated and incomprehensible to foreigners.
The movement was spearheaded by a committee of people in the private sector led by then Colonel (NS) David Wong, a senior adviser with the consulting company Ernst and Young.
Its target audience was Singaporeans under 40, which included young working adults, parents and students in schools, tertiary institutes, polytechnics and technical institutes.
One such event was the seminar held by the Singapore Teachers' Union (STU) at the Shangri-La Hotel, attended by about 500 participants who were mostly teachers.
The seminar emphasised the power of pronunciation and the teaching of grammar, and encouraged teachers to teach English in more creative ways in schools using dramas and role-playing.
Other highlights in 2000 included the launch of Grammar Matters, a series of 5 books using comics to illustrate the correct use of grammar by the Regional English Language Centre in support of the movement.
Also, an inter-school Scrabble competition, in which 54 primary schools participated, was held to kick off the year's events in April 2002.
In 2003, the movement, already in its fourth year, aimed to not only encourage Singaporeans to speak well but also speak simple English.
Have a go even if they can't speak well, even if they cannot use long words, even if they can't use long sentences; it's not important.
In its fifth year, acting Manpower Minister Ng Eng Hen launched the campaign at The Arts House at Old Parliament in April 2004.
Its target audience was working adults in the service industry, including cabbies, shop assistants, waiters and others, which made up 70 percent of all workers in Singapore.
People in positions of influence, parents and teachers were also encouraged to serve as positive role models in speaking good English to those around them.
The movement also partnered organisations and key agencies in training workshop initiatives to improve the English language proficiency of all their teachers.
Other activities to promote good English were also held throughout the year, such as the WISH programme (as in the previous year), and talks at selected public libraries to educate the public on the importance of reading aloud and on using English to communicate with one's family.
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong launched that year's Speak Good English Movement on 13 May at the HDB Hub Auditorium at Toa Payoh.
Chairing the movement was Professor Koh Tai Ann, professor of English Literature at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at Nanyang Technological University.
Professor Koh highlighted that speaking good English did not necessarily mean that one should seek to eradicate or diminish the usage of Singlish or mother tongue.
He recognised the importance of mother tongue and Singlish as a bonding element for Singaporeans, but emphasised that there was a right place and time for it and that Singaporeans must be able to converse in Standard English when an occasion called for it.
The 2006 movement was launched by Radm (NS) Lui Tuck Yew, Minister of State For Education on 25 July 2006 at The Plaza, National Library Building.
The focus of the year was on creating a standard of English for Singaporeans to be understood anywhere in the world, not just locally but internationally.
The highlights of the 2006 movement include starting of the 'English as it is Broken' column in the Generation Y page of The Sunday Times which addressed questions relating to English sent in by its readers.
This column continued its run for 2 years in print and was later adapted to a regularly updated online column on STOMP which still runs today.
Its popularity led to the publication of 2 best-selling volumes of books of the same title- 'English As It is Broken', based on issues brought up from the site.
Launched by Radm (NS) Lui Tuck Yew, Minister of State For Education on 31 July 2007 at Timbre Music Bistro, the 2007/08 Movement targeted 4 broad groups- youth, parents, teacher and frontline staff.
The key focus was on the youth, while parents, teachers, and frontline staff were seen as the main people to have interactions with them, thus having a vital role in the language input that they receive.
This year also saw the appointment for the new chairman – Mr Goh Eck Kheng, publisher of Landmark Books for a two-year term from 1 March 2008 to 30 April 2010.
From August 2007 to June 2008, the movement held weekly programmes and performances which aimed to allow youths to grow their confidence and fluency with the code.
In providing a platform for local artists, it had hoped to use the power and reach of those artists to send its message to youths in Singapore.
Launched by Minister Lim Boon Heng, Prime Minister’s Office, on 26 August 2008, the Speak Good English Movement 2008 targeted the workforce who were seen as the people both Singaporeans and international visitors would encounter most frequently.
In order to encourage willingness to speak and improve their proficiency of Standard English, the movement of this year initiated the classification of Singaporeans into 3 categories.
Impress those we communicate with, Inspire others as role models of good English and using words that Intoxicate to make everyday communication more engaging.
The tagline also aimed to convey the message that communicating well goes beyond grammar and vocabulary and involves being able to express and be understood as well.
This year, the movement initiated an online drama titled Six Lives which followed the lives of six friends planning a wedding for their friends John and Huileng.
Over a span of 12 episodes, Six Lives aimed to show the importance of communicating well and how 'Impress, Inspire and Intoxicate' can be incorporated into daily situations that friends get into, through the demonstration by the six characters who interacted through blog entries and comments at the Sixlives webpage.
In its 11th year, the Speak Good English Movement 2010 which was launched on 7 September 2010 with the tagline 'Get It Right'.
It aimed at broadening the environment in which Standard English is used, in order to create a conducive environment where those less proficient in the code can learn by example.
Fluent speakers of Standard English are encouraged to use it more frequently in all conversation, regardless if it is with family members, colleagues, hawkers, or taxi drivers.
In a bid for Singaporeans to 'Get It Right'-where those proficient in Standard English take note to use the language accurately and those who are less proficient at it try to use it correctly; the organisers introduced an Activist Toolkit.
The current Minister for Community Development, Youth and Sports Vivian Balakrishnan kicked off this year's campaign by being the first to correct a sign at the Xin Food Court at the HarbourFront Centre.
With the new appointment of a new chairman after ten years and the formation of a new committee, a new campaign was rolled out on 14 June 2019.
The Speak Good English Movement is the government's effort to encourage Singaporeans to speak Standard English rather than the colloquial form, Singlish.
The Speak Good Singlish Movement gathers support through a Facebook page which had 252 members though as reported in a dead link, an identically named group had 3,140 members in December 2012.
It began as a response to the launch of SGEM 2010, in particular, its notion of using post-its to correct public signs written in poor English.
In an exclusive interview with The Online Citizen, one of the Singapore's key social commentary websites, its unnamed founder directly called into question Dr Balakrishnan's appeal about the SGEM.
Since Singapore gained independence in 1965, English is taught as a first language and is also the most dominant language in Singapore.
But one cannot classify all Singaporeans as native speakers of English because the main languages spoken at home are not necessarily English.
The first gave insight to what will happen if the implementation of hiring foreign native English speakers to teach English became too successful.
It suggests that the inability to distinguish the grammars of the two varieties of English will cause learners to mix their features, thus contaminating the grammar of the standard version.
Another study by Wee (2005) has shown that in general, Singaporeans are confident in their code-switching abilities between Singlish and Standard English, which undermines the claims that using Singlish interferes with the learning of Standard English.
Hashcash is a proof-of-work system used to limit email spam and denial-of-service attacks, and more recently has become known for its use in bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) as part of the mining algorithm.
Hashcash is a cryptographic hash-based proof-of-work algorithm that requires a selectable amount of work to compute, but the proof can be verified efficiently.
For email uses, a textual encoding of a hashcash stamp is added to the header of an email to prove the sender has expended a modest amount of CPU time calculating the stamp prior to sending the email.
In other words, as the sender has taken a certain amount of time to generate the stamp and send the email, it is unlikely that they are a spammer.
However, the only known way to find a header with the necessary properties is brute force, trying random values until the answer is found; though testing an individual string is easy, satisfactory answers are rare enough that it will require a substantial number of tries to find the answer.
The hypothesis is that spammers, whose business model relies on their ability to send large numbers of emails with very little cost per message, will cease to be profitable if there is even a small cost for each spam they send.
The header contains the recipient's email address, the date of the message, and information proving that the required computation has been performed.
The date allows the recipient to record headers received recently and to ensure that the header is unique to the email message.
Thus the chance of randomly selecting a header that will have 20 zeros as the beginning of the hash is 1 in 2 (approx.
The number of times that the sender needs to try to get a valid hash value is modeled by geometric distribution.
A normal user on a desktop PC would not be significantly inconvenienced by the processing time required to generate the Hashcash string.
So zero bits can be added (doubling the amount of time needed to compute a hash with each additional zero bit) until it is too expensive for spammers to generate valid header lines.
Confirming that the header is valid is very much faster and always takes the same amount of time, no matter how many zero bits are required for a valid header, since this requires only a single hashing operation.
Neither the sender nor recipient need to pay, thus the administrative issues involved with any micropayment system and moral issues related to charging for e-mail are entirely avoided.
On the other hand, as Hashcash requires potentially significant computational resources to be expended on each e-mail being sent, it is somewhat difficult to tune the ideal amount of average time one wishes clients to expend computing a valid header.
This can mean sacrificing accessibility from low-end embedded systems or else running the risk of hostile hosts not being challenged enough to provide an effective filter from spam.
Hashcash can be incrementally deployed—the extra Hashcash header is ignored when it is received by mail clients that do not understand it.
concluded that only one of the following cases is likely: either non-spam e-mail will get stuck due to lack of processing power of the sender, or spam e-mail is bound to still get through.
E.g., botnets may expire faster because users notice the high CPU load and take counter-measures, and mailing list servers can be registered in white lists on the subscribers' hosts and thus be relieved from the hashcash challenges.
However, developing countries can be expected to use older hardware, which means that they will find it increasingly difficult to participate in the e-mail system.
Although most cryptocurrencies use the SHA-256 hash function, the same ASIC technology could be used to create hashcash solvers that are three orders of magnitude faster than a consumer CPU, reducing the computational hurdle for spammers.
Blocks accepted from miners form the bitcoin blockchain that is a growing ledger of every bitcoin transaction since the coin's first creation.
However the bitcoin network periodically resets the difficulty level to keep the average rate of block creation at 6 per hour.
As of January 2020 block #614525 the bitcoin network has responded to deployments of ever faster hashing hardware by miners by hardening the requirement to first 74 of 256 hash bits must be zero.
Hashcash is used as a potential solution for false positives with automated spam filtering systems, as legitimate users will rarely be inconvenienced by the extra time it takes to mine a stamp.
However, although the hashcash plugin is not initially on by default, it still needs to be configured with a list of address patterns that must match against the Hashcash resource field, so it doesn't actually work by default.
The project is named for the historical availability of conventional mailing services that cost the sender just one penny; see Penny Post for information about such mailing services in history.
Microsoft also designed and implemented a now deprecated open spec, similar to and yet incompatible with Hashcash, Email Postmark, as part of their Coordinated Spam Reduction Initiative (CSRI).
The format differences between Hashcash and Microsoft's email postmark is that postmark hashes the body in addition to the recipient, and uses a modified SHA-1 as the hash function and uses multiple sub-puzzles to reduce proof of work variance.
Some scripts (such as wp-hashcash) claim to implement hashcash but instead depend on JavaScript obfuscation to force the client to generate a matching key; while this does require some processing power, it does not use the hashcash algorithm or hashcash stamps.
RSA has made IPR statements to the IETF about client-puzzles in the context of an RFC that described client-puzzles (not hashcash).
The RFC included hashcash in the title and referenced hashcash, but the mechanism described in it is a known-solution interactive challenge which is more akin to Client-Puzzles; hashcash is non-interactive and therefore does not have a known solution.
In any case RSA's IPR statement can not apply to hashcash because hashcash predates (March 1997) the client-puzzles publication (February 1999) and the client-puzzles patent filing US7197639 (February 2000).
He served as a Member of the European Parliament for North West England from 1999 to 2014 and from 2019 to 2020.
He was educated at the independent Cheadle Hulme School (1965–1972), at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (1972–1975, reading history) and from 1975 to 1977 at the University of Kent, Canterbury.
Davies was a Liberal member of Liverpool City Council from 1980 to 1984, representing Abercromby ward and serving as Chairman of the Housing Committee.
His election campaign was controversial due to Davies openly campaigning while the incumbent MP Geoffrey Dickens was dying from liver cancer.
Davies was elected as a Member of the European Parliament for the North West England constituency in 1999 and served as the Liberal Democrat spokesman on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Committee (ENVI) in the European Parliament.
In March 2014 he won a parliamentarian of the year award for his work to promote sustainable fishing through Fish for the Future, an all-party group he created in 2010.
His efforts included dressing as a fish in the European Parliament to raise awareness of the need for reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP).
During his time as an MEP, Davies was active in the environment, climate and energy policy sectors, and served as the ALDE coordinator (team leader) on the ENVI committee from 2007.
He was the rapporteur for the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS) Directive in 2008-9 and for the implementation report on CCS in 2013-14, which called for greater action to develop and deploy CCS in the EU.
In 2008 he drafted an amendment that led to the creation of a funding mechanism for CCS and innovative renewable energy projects that became known as NER300, later described by the European Commission as one the world's largest funding programmes for innovative low-carbon energy demonstration projects.
In 2006, Davies was forced to resign as leader of the Liberal Democrats group in the European Parliament, due to the tone of a series of emails he exchanged with a Jewish constituent.
George Mackay Brown (17 October 1921 – 13 April 1996) was a Scottish poet, author and dramatist, whose work has a distinctly Orcadian character.
His parents were John Brown, a tailor and postman, and Mhairi Mackay, who had been brought up in Braal, a hamlet near Strathy, Sutherland as a native Gaelic speaker.
Except for periods as a mature student on mainland Scotland, Brown lived all his life in the town of Stromness in the Orkney islands.
The family had a history of depression and it is likely that Mackay's uncle, Jimmy Brown, committed suicide: his body was found in Stromness harbour in 1935.
This illness kept him from entering the army at the start of World War II and it afflicted him to such an extent that he could not live a normal working life; however, it was because of this that he had the time and space in which to write.
He was encouraged in his writing of poetry by Francis Scarfe, who was billeted in the Browns' house for over a year from April 1944.
After this he was helped in his development as a writer by Ernest Marwick, whose criticism he valued, and Robert Rendall.
He was a mature student at Newbattle Abbey College in the 1951–1952 session, where the poet Edwin Muir, who would have a great influence on his life as a writer, was warden.
During this period he met, and drank in Rose Street Edinburgh with, many of the Scottish poets of his time: Sydney Goodsir Smith, Norman MacCaig, Hugh MacDiarmid, Tom Scott and others.
In late 1960 Brown commenced teacher training at Moray House College of Education, but was unable to remain in Edinburgh because of ill-health.
On his recovery in 1961 he found that he was not suited to this type of work and returned late in the year to his mother's house in Stromness, unemployed.
It was at this time that he was received into the Roman Catholic Church, being baptised on 23 December and taking communion on the following day.
After a period of unemployment, and the rejection of a volume of poetry by the Hogarth Press, Brown did post-graduate study on Gerard Manley Hopkins, although academic study was not to his taste.
Later that year came the death of his mother, who had supported him, while disapproving of his drinking; she left an estate of £4.
This was also the year in which he finished working on a six-part cycle of poems about Rackwick, published in 1971 as 'Fishermen with Ploughs'.
By the late 1960s Brown's poetry was renowned internationally, so that, for example, the American poet Robert Lowell came to Orkney for the sole purpose of meeting him.
Subsequently, Davies – who came to live in Rackwick – based a number of his works on the poetry and prose of George Mackay Brown.
When the novel was published in May 1972 it appeared somewhat prophetic because of the oil exploration beginning in the Orkney area.
Brown takes the theme of sacrifice into the twentieth century by inserting, in journalistic language, an account of the death of Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
By early 1977 he was entering a period of depression which lasted intermittently for almost a decade, but he maintained his working routine throughout.
He also suffered from severe bronchial problems, with his condition so serious that in early 1981 he was given the Last Sacraments.
One was Norah Smallwood who worked for his publishers Chatto & Windus, and who had helped and encouraged them over the years.
Between 1987 and 1989 Brown travelled to Nairn, including a visit to Pluscarden Abbey, and to Shetland and Oxford, the most that he left Orkney apart from his earlier studies in Edinburgh.
Shortly afterwards Brown was diagnosed with bowel cancer, which required two major operations during 1990, and a lengthy stay in Foresterhill Hospital, Aberdeen.
It won the Saltire Scottish Book of the Year Award for 1994; and was listed for the Booker prize for fiction.
During his latter years Brown remained in his home but was cared for by a network of friends, including Surinder Punjya (later the principal of The Nesbitt Centre, Hong Kong), Gunnie Moberg, and Renée Simm.
He died on 13 April 1996 after a short illness and was buried on 16 April, the feast day of Saint Magnus, with his funeral service held at the Church of Scotland St Magnus Cathedral.
It was known as Colleville-sur-Orne until June 13, 1946, to distinguish it from another town in the department, also in a coastal location, Colleville-sur-Mer.
Built by Saint-Vigor, Bishop of the city of Bayeux (511-531), during the 11th and 12th centuries, it has two choirs and a Romanesque nave.
The other vaults are more recent, built at the same time as the arches which lead to the second choir, from the eighteenth century.
The side tower from the twelfth century is of Romanesque design, with a terrace on top surrounded by a parapet, and contains three bells.
During the conquest of England by William the Conqueror or following it, Gilbert de Colleville was given lands in England, it was from this Knight that the modern de Colville/Colvin family would develop, including Clan Colville in Scotland and the Barony de Colville, of Castle Bytham in England.
The beach next to the coastal village was one of the principal beachheads during the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944, designated Omaha Beach.
James Frederick Nicholson (born 29 January 1945) is a Northern Irish Ulster Unionist Party politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Northern Ireland from 1989 to 2019.
He joined the Ulster Unionist Party in the early 1970s and was the Secretary/Organiser of Mid-South Armagh Unionist Association from 1973 to 1983.
He was elected to his first public office in 1976 as a member of Armagh council; he served until 1997 and was chairman of the council in 1994–95.
Nicholson was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newry and Armagh in the 1983 general election for the UUP.
Along with all other unionist MPs, he resigned from the House of Commons in December 1985 as part of a wider protest against the Anglo-Irish Agreement of that year and to secure a renewed mandate from their electors.
Nicholson, who was defending the nationalist-majority Newry and Armagh constituency in the by-election, was the only resigning MP not to re-win his seat, losing it to Seamus Mallon of the moderate nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) in the by-election.
He contested the seat again at the 1987 general election but demographics in the area had shifted against unionism; nationalist and republican candidates have held it ever since.
At the 1989 election to the European Parliament, he was elected as a Member of the European Parliament for Northern Ireland.
On each occasion, he was re-elected with the help of transfers from other candidates, under Northern Ireland's EU election system of proportional representation using the single transferable vote.
In 2009, running as a Conservatives and Unionists candidate, he was elected second ahead of the Democratic Unionist Party, who for the first time failed to reach quota in a European Parliament election.
In 1999, he joined the European Democrats wing of the European People's Party - European Democrats group, the largest group in the Parliament, a eurosceptic wing which also contained the UK's Conservative MEPs.
He was one of six Quaestors in the European Parliament, becoming the first ever MEP from Northern Ireland to hold such a senior position when elected on 21 July 2004; he was re-elected in 2007.
In 2016, Nicholson voiced his concerns about the way in which the EU has changed since he first became an MEP.
took it over in April 2017, is an American awards show, recognizing people in entertainment, voted online by the general public and fans.
The show has been held annually since 1975, with the winners originally determined using Gallup Polls until the switch to online voting in 2005.
In 1982, Stiver sold the People's Choice Awards to Procter & Gamble Productions; under P&G, the ceremony was broadcast by CBS, and Procter & Gamble's brands held exclusive national advertising time across the entire telecast.
announced that the 2018 ceremony would be held on November 11, 2018—moving from its previous January scheduling to reduce its proximity to the busier months of awards season.
Since polls have margins of error, many years' awards have had ties in at least one category, when Gallup declared that the voting was so close that a single winner could not be chosen.
The winners of the 31st People's Choice Awards (on January 9, 2005) were decided by online voting rather than Gallup polls.
The nominees for the 32nd People's Choice Awards were determined by the web research company Knowledge Networks, which took a nationally representative sample of men and women ages 18 to 54, with and without Internet access, to come up with the nominees.
After being presented with a list of candidates determined by national ratings averages, box office grosses and album sales, they had the option to write in their favorites.
Knowledge Networks recruits its panel by using a RDD phone recruitment method and provides a web TV and Internet access to households without Internet access enabling them to infer back to the entire population.
The nominees for the 2010 People's Choice Awards were determined by the media research company Visible Measures, which specializes in measuring Internet video audience behavior.
[...] Visible Measures worked with the People's Choice Awards to determine each potential nominees' popularity on a True Reach basis, a unique measure of the total audience that has been exposed to an online video campaign – regardless of how widely the campaign spreads or where it appears.
The population of this sleepy little village mushroomed after August Thyssen bought some land in 1909 and established a steel mill there.
Colombelles is twinned with Fremington, Devon (UK) since 1983 and with Steinheim am Albuch (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) since 1986 (see that article in ).
Colombières is situated in the north-western region of Calvados, 20 kilometres west of Bayeux and 9 kilometres from Isigny-sur-Mer, in the natural regional park of Cotentin and Bessin.
According to UHLC's 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 63.2% of the class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.
The University of Houston Law Center was founded in 1947 as the University of Houston College of Law, with an inaugural class consisting of 28 students and a single professor.
The law school was housed in several locations on campus in its first few years—including temporary classrooms and the basement of the M.D.
In 1969, the college was renamed the Bates College of Law for Col. William B. Bates, former member of the University of Houston System Board of Regents and College of Law founding committee.
In 2005, the University of Houston Law Center opened its facilities to Loyola University New Orleans College of Law after it was severely damaged in Hurricane Katrina, hosting 320 of the Loyola's 800 students taught by 31 Loyola law professors, allowing the Loyola students' education to continue uninterrupted.
As of fall 2014, the law school reported a total enrollment of 732 students, and employs a total of 273 full- and part-time faculty on staff.
Of the 2013 graduating class, 62% work in law firms, 23% in business and industry, 8% in government, 3% in public interest, and 2% as judicial clerks.
Entering classes are generally divided into three full-time day sessions of some 60 students each and one part-time evening section of some 35 students for first-year courses.
The Law Center offers several law clinics for upper-division students: the Civil Clinic, Civil Practice Clinic, Criminal Practice Clinic, Consumer Law Clinic, Domestic Violence Clinic, Immigration Clinic, Juvenile Defense Clinic, Mediation Clinic, and Transactional Clinic.
Tropical Storm Allison flooded the library's lower level with eight feet of water in June 2001, destroying 174,000 books and the microfiche collection.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) gave $21.4 million to rebuild the library collection, which was 75 percent of the replacement cost.
According to UHLC's official 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 63.2% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.
UHLC's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 16.5%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2013 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.
The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at UHLC for the 2013–2014 academic year is $48,478 for a resident and $58,699 for a nonresident.
After being educated at the William Penn Charter School, he went to Northwestern University, where he earned his bachelor's degree with honors in journalism and political science.
Sirota's career in political campaigns began when he became a research director for Illinois State Senator Howard W. Carroll's unsuccessful run for U.S. Representative in Illinois's 9th congressional district in the 1998 election; Carroll lost in the Democratic primary to J.
In 1999, Sirota served as Dwight Evans' deputy mayoral campaign manager in Philadelphia but was let go after Sirota was caught having created a fake website with damaging racial comments attributed to their opponent John White, Jr. Sirota then became a fundraiser for Joe Hoeffel in his first successful campaign for the House of Representatives in Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district.
His next job was as press aide and spokesperson for Bernie Sanders while he was serving as the at-large U.S. Representative from Vermont.
Sirota was credited with having revealed that $87 billion for Iraq could have been used to erase huge state deficits at home, a fact that was repeated by Democrats nationwide.
Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign announced it had hired Sirota to work as a senior advisor and speechwriter on March 19, 2019.
In June 2007, he replaced the late progressive columnist Molly Ivins with a column to be syndicated nationally by Creators Syndicate.
Sirota was initially filling in for Jay Marvin on his eponymous program; but Marvin was ultimately unable to return, and Sirota became the permanent host in 2010.
Sirota is a critic of neoliberal economic policies, and has leveled criticism at the Clinton, George W. Bush, and Obama administrations.
He is an opponent of free trade policies, a supporter of fair trade, and an advocate of workers' rights and organized labor.
His detractors charge that Sirota overlooked that Venezuela's economic gains were based almost entirely on petroleum exports, and with the worldwide drop in oil prices Venezuela's economy has been in shambles, with shortages and rationing of food, electricity and toilet paper.
In 2018, Sirota argued immediate action must be taken against the influence and power of oil and gas corporations to fight climate change, and Democrats must choose a side.
Lanpher graduated with a degree in journalism from Northwestern University and with a master's degree in American Cultural History from the University of Chicago.
Near the time when the copyright to the English Revised Version was due to expire (1935), the Oxford University Press (OUP), and the Cambridge University Press (CUP), who were the current English Revised Version copyright holders, began investigations to determine whether a modern revision of the English Revised Version text was necessary.
After the work of delegation was finished, a general conference was held in October 1946 where it was determined that a completely fresh translation should be undertaken rather than a revision as originally suggested by the University Presses of Oxford and Cambridge.
In due time, three committees of translators and one committee of literary advisers were enlisted and charged with the task of producing the New English Bible.
The work of translating was typically undertaken in this fashion: A member, or members, of one of the committees would produce a draft of a book, or books, of the Bible (typically from the section in which they were assigned) and submit the draft to the section committee.
Occasionally a scholar outside the committee would be invited to participate in this phase of the translation process and was asked to submit a draft of the book or books with which he or she had renowned experience.
The draft that resulted from this meeting of the concerned committee was then sent to the committee of literary advisers, who would revise the draft in co-operation with the translators.
When a consensus on the draft was reached, the final draft would be sent on to the Joint Committee, which was head over the four sub-committees.
For the New Testament the New English Bible Translators relied on a large body of texts including early Greek New Testament manuscripts, early translations rendered in other languages (those aside from Greek), and the quotations of early Christian writers and speakers.
The translators of the New English Bible chose to render their translation using a principle of translation called dynamic equivalence (also referred to as functional equivalence or thought-for-thought translation).
This method of translation is in contrast to the traditional translations of the Authorized Version (King James Version), English Revised Version, American Standard Version, Revised Standard Version, and others, which place an emphasis on word-for-word correspondence between the source and target language.
As a result, the New English Bible is necessarily more paraphrastic at times in order to render the thoughts of the original author into modern English.
Because of its scholarly translators, the New English Bible has been considered one of the more important translations of the Bible to be produced following the Second World War.
However, directly following the Second World War the English of the United Kingdom and Europe began to be influenced by foreign idiom, especially that of the Americans.
For this reason, passages found in the New English Bible could be understood by a large body of English speaking individuals.
The British publisher and author Adam Nicolson, in his 2003 book on the King James Bible, criticized the newer translation for its 'anxiety not to bore or intimidate'.
In relation to the issue of gender inclusiveness, the New English Bible was produced before a time when gender-inclusive language was introduced into Bible translations.
However, using this traditional literary method has become recently controversial, among some Christian circles, and a revision of the New English Bible titled the Revised English Bible was undertaken that included gender-inclusive language.
Prof Sir Roger Mynors, Prof Basil Willey, Sir Arthur Norrington, Anne Ridler, Canon Adam Fox, Dr John Carey, and the Conveners of the Translation Panels.
In 1965, the paper began a press run of four days a week with a release schedule of Tuesday through Friday.
Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records.
The EP was self-produced by the band and recorded over the course of a week at the London Bridge Studio in Seattle.
During Alice in Chains' June–August 1993 appearance at Lollapalooza, guitarist Jerry Cantrell called record producer Toby Wright with a proposal to collaborate on new material.
The album was recorded on tape on a Neve 80-68 mixing console because Wright wanted the album's acoustic sound to be as natural as possible.
AKG 414 microphones were used for overhead registration, while D-12s were used for the floor and rack toms, and 421s were placed on the kick drum.
451s and 57s were mounted on the top side of the snare drum, while a 441 was fitted on the bottom side.
Wright recalled the pace of Staley's work as quick, and that the vocal tracks were recorded within one or two takes via a Neumann M-49 microphone.
The album demonstrates the band's wide range by offering a variety of tracks with an acoustic texture, featuring elements of album-oriented rock, blues rock, alternative rock, and classic rock.
On January 27, 2019, two days following the album's 25th anniversary, Schenck published rare outtakes from the album cover shoot on his Instagram account and said that he has forgotten the name of the kid on the cover.
It is written as a pastiche of a Sherlock Holmes adventure, and was made into a film of the same name in 1976.
The novel presents this view as nothing more than the fevered imagining of Holmes' cocaine-sodden mind and further asserts that Moriarty was the childhood mathematics tutor of Sherlock and his brother Mycroft.
Watson meets Moriarty, who denies that he is a criminal and reluctantly threatens to pursue legal action unless the latter's accusations cease.
Knowing that Sherlock would never willingly see a doctor about his addiction and mental problems, Watson and Holmes' brother Mycroft induce Holmes to travel to Vienna, where Watson introduces him to Dr. Freud.
Using a treatment consisting largely of hypnosis, Freud helps Holmes shake off his addiction and his delusions about Moriarty, but neither he nor Watson can revive Holmes' dejected spirit.
What finally does the job is a whiff of mystery: one of the doctor's patients is kidnapped and Holmes' curiosity is sufficiently aroused.
The case takes the three men on a breakneck train ride across Austria in pursuit of a foe who is about to launch a war involving all of Europe.
One final hypnosis session reveals a key traumatic event in Holmes' childhood: his father murdered his mother for adultery and committed suicide afterwards.
Freud and Watson conclude that Holmes, consciously unable to face the emotional ramifications of this event, has pushed them deep into his unconscious while finding outlets in fighting evil, pursuing justice, and many of his famous eccentricities, including his cocaine habit.
However, they decide not to discuss these subjects with Holmes, believing that he would not accept them, and that it would needlessly complicate his recovery.
Meyer developed an interest in Sherlock Holmes as a teenager and off-an-on over the years had given thought to authoring a story where Sherlock Holmes meets Sigmund Freud, having learned of the founder of psychoanalysis from his psychiatrist father.
The story was adapted for the screen in 1976 in a Universal Studios production, directed by Herbert Ross, scripted by Meyer and designed by James Bond veteran Ken Adam.
The film was made at Pinewood Studios with location shooting in the UK and Austria (including the famous Austrian National Library); the tennis match/duel between Freud and von Leinsdorf was filmed on one of the historic real tennis courts at the Queen's Club in West Kensington, London.
Meyer adapted his novel to screenplay form, but the film differs significantly from the novel, mainly by supplementing the book's Austrian baron-villain (played by Jeremy Kemp) with an older Turkish foe.
Also, the film departs from traditional Holmes canon in portraying the detective as light-haired instead of the traditional black-haired, and as a somewhat flirtatious Holmes at that (Doyle's hero never let women see any signs of interest).
Furthermore, the traumatic revelation that affected Holmes in his childhood is heightened – the final hypnosis therapy reveals that Sherlock witnessed his mother's murder by his father, and that Moriarty himself was his mother's lover.
Finally, the lady whom Holmes saves in the story's climactic chase, Lola Devereaux, appears on his ship as he departs for his sabbatical with the purpose of joining him and Holmes eagerly accepts the offer.
Sanskrit literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda a collection of sacred hymns dating to the period 1500–1200 BCE.
Classical Sanskrit literature developed rapidly during the first few centuries of the first millennium BCE, as did the Tamil Sangam literature, and the Pāli Canon.
Eight Jnanpith Awards each have been awarded in Hindi and Kannada, followed by five in Bengali and Malayalam, four in Odia, four in Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu and Urdu, two each in Assamese and Tamil, and one in Sanskrit.
One of the earliest extant Prakrit works is Hāla's anthology of poems in Maharashtri, the Gāhā Sattasaī, dating to the 3rd to 5th century CE.
Most of the available Sangam literature is from the Third Sangam, this period is known as the Sangam period, which refers to the prevalent Sangam legends claiming literary academies lasting thousands of years, giving the name to the corpus of literature.
Some of the greatest Tamil scholars, like Thiruvalluvar, who wrote on ethics, and on the various issues of life like virtue, wealth and love, or the Tamil poet Mamulanar, who explored historical incidents that happened in India, lived during the Sangam period.
In the time of the King Indranarayana (1350–1365) of Kamatapur the two poets Harihara Vipra and Kaviratna Saraswati composed Asvamedha Parva and Jayadratha Vadha respectively.
But the most well-known poet of the Pre-Vaishnavite sub period is Madhav Kandali, who rendered Valmiki's Ramayana into Assamese verse (Kotha Ramayana, 11th century) under the patronage of Mahamanikya, a Kachari king of Jayantapura.
Among these, Srimanta Sankardev has been widely acknowledged as the top Assamese littérateur of all-time, and generally acknowledged as the one who introduced drama, poetry, classical dance form called Satriya, classical music form called Borgeet, art and painting, stage enactment of drama called Bhaona and Satra tradition of monastic lifestyle.
This book was officially released in New Delhi on 24 Nov 1968 by then President of India Dr Zakir Hussain in commemoration of the birth centenary celebration of doyen of Assamese literature Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
After almost half a century, this historic book has been recovered and re-edited by Assamese award-winning short-story writer & novelist Arnab Jan Deka, which was published by Assam Foundation-India in 2014.
Kazi Nazrul Islam, who is one generation younger than Tagore, is also equally popular, valuable, and influential in socio-cultural context of the Bengal, though virtually unknown in foreign countries.
Along with Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam, he was one of the key figures of modern Bengali poetry, despite the fact that most of his works had been in publication posthumously.
During his life, his poems were not widely circulated, but after his death his reputation grew to the extent that he became one of the most popular Bengali poet of the 20th century.
In the history of Bengali literature there has been only one pathbreaking literary movement by a group of poets and artists who called themselves Hungryalists.
In the 20th century, several Indian writers have distinguished themselves not only in traditional Indian languages but also in English, a language inherited from the British.
Indian English literature, however, tends to utilise more internationally recognisable vocabulary then does colloquial Indian English, in the same way that American English literature does so as compared to American slang.
India's only Nobel laureate in literature was the Bengali writer Rabindranath Tagore, who wrote some of his work originally in English, and did some of his own English translations from Bengali.
Other early notable poets in English include Derozio, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Toru Dutt, Romesh Chunder Dutt, Sri Aurobindo, Sarojini Naidu, and her brother Harindranath Chattopadhyay.
In the 1950s, the Writers Workshop collective in Calcutta was founded by the poet and essayist P. Lal to advocate and publish Indian writing in English.
The press was the first to publish Pritish Nandy, Sasthi Brata, and others; it continues to this day to provide a forum for English writing in India.
Nissim Ezekiel, who came from India's tiny Bene Israel Jewish community, created a voice and place for Indian poets writing in English and championed their work.
Their contemporaries in English poetry in India were Jayanta Mahapatra, Gieve Patel, A. K. Ramanujan, Arun Kolatkar, Dilip Chitre, Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, Eunice De Souza, Kersi Katrak, P. Lal and Kamala Das among several others.
Younger generations of poets writing in English include G. S. Sharat Chandra, Hoshang Merchant, Makarand Paranjape, Anuradha Bhattacharyya, Arundhathi Subramaniam, Jeet Thayil, Ranjit Hoskote, Sudeep Sen, Abhay K, Jerry Pinto, K Srilata, Gopi Kottoor, Tapan Kumar Pradhan, Arnab Jan Deka, Anju Makhija, Robin Ngangom, Rukmini Bhaya Nair, Smita Agarwal and Vihang A. Naik among others.
Among these are names like Agha Shahid Ali, Sujata Bhatt, Richard Crasta, Yuyutsu Sharma, Shampa Sinha, Tabish Khair and Vikram Seth.
Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai and Arvind Adiga have won the prestigious Man Booker Prize, with Salman Rushdie going on to win the Booker of Bookers.
Well known laureates of Gujarati literature are Hemchandracharya, Narsinh Mehta, Mirabai, Akho, Premanand Bhatt, Shamal Bhatt, Dayaram, Dalpatram, Narmad, Govardhanram Tripathi, Gandhi, K. M. Munshi, Umashankar Joshi, Suresh Joshi, Pannalal Patel and Rajendra Keshavlal Shah.
Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, and Gujarati Sahitya Parishad are Ahmedabad based literary institutions promoting the spread of Gujarati literature.
Umashankar Joshi, Pannalal Patel, Rajendra Keshavlal Shah and Raghuveer Chaudhary have won the Jnanpith Award, the highest literary award in India.
It is a writing on literary criticism and poetics meant to standardize various written Kannada dialects used in literature in previous centuries.
The book makes reference to Kannada works by early writers such as King Durvinita of the 6th century and Ravikirti, the author of the Aihole record of 636 CE.
Since the earliest available Kannada work is one on grammar and a guide of sorts to unify existing variants of Kannada grammar and literary styles, it can be safely assumed that literature in Kannada must have started several centuries earlier.
More importantly, they held a mirror to the seed of social revolution, which caused a radical re-examination of the ideas of caste, creed and religion.
The Bhakti movement gave rise to Dasa Sahitya around the 15th century which significantly contributed to the evolution of Carnatic music in its present form.
Works of Kannada literature have received Eight Jnanpith awards, which is the highest number awarded for the literature in any Indian language.
Appachcha Kavi, a playwright, and Nadikerianda Chinnappa, a folk compiler, are the two important poets and writers of the Kodava language.
It is one of the few Indian languages to be written in five scripts—Roman, Nagari, Kannada, Persian-Arabic and Malayalam-and also has an extensive oral literature.
Even up to 500 years since the start of the Malayalam calendar which commenced in 825 AD, Malayalam literature remained in preliminary stage.
Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan (17th century) is considered as the Father of the Malayalam language, because of his influence on the acceptance of the Malayalam alphabet and his extremely popular poetic works like Adhyathmaramayanam.
Several noted works were written during the 19th century, but it was in the 20th century the Malayalam literary movement came to prominence.
Meitei literature is literature written in the Meitei language (Manipuri, Meiteilon), including literature composed in Meitei by writers from Manipur, Assam, Tripura, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
Though the earliest known Marathi inscription found at the foot of the statue at Shravanabelgola in Karnataka is dated c. 983 CE, the Marathi literature actually started with the religious writings by the saint-poets belonging to Mahanubhava and Warkari sects.
The early saint-poets were Mukundaraj who wrote Vivekasindhu, Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296) (who wrote Amrutanubhav and Bhawarthadeepika, which is popularly known as Dnyaneshwari, a 9000-couplets long commentary on the Bhagavad Gita) and Namdev.
In the 18th century, some well-known works like Yatharthadeepika (by Vaman Pandit), Naladamayanti Swayamvara (by Raghunath Pandit), Pandava Pratap, Harivijay, Ramvijay (by Shridhar Pandit) and Mahabharata (by Moropant) were produced.
However, the most versatile and voluminous writer among the poets was Moropanta (1729–1794) whose Mahabharata was the first epic poem in Marathi.
The period from 1794 to 1818 is regarded as the closing period of the Old Marathi literature and the beginning of the Modern Marathi literature.
Many books on social reforms were written by Baba Padamji (Yamuna Paryatana, 1857), Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Lokhitwadi, Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, Hari Narayan Apte (1864–1919) etc.
The drama flourished in the 1960s and 70s with few of the best Indian actors available to take on a variety of protagonists.
Mohan Agashe, Sriram Lagoo, Kashinath Ghanekar, Prabhakar Panshikar playing many immortal characters penned by greats like Vasant Kanetkar, Kusumagraj, vijay Tendulkar to name a few.
Director Raja Paranjape, Music director Sudhir Phadke, lyricist G.Madgulkar and actor Raja Gosavi came together to give quite a few hits in later period.
The later poets like Keshavsuta, Balakavi, Govindagraj, and the poets of Ravi Kiran Mandal like Madhav Julian wrote poetry which was influenced by the Romantic and Victorian English poetry.
Prahlad Keshav Atre, the renowned satirist and a politician wrote a parody of this sort of poetry in his collection Jhenduchi Phule.
Mizo literature is the literature written in Mizo ṭtawng, the principal language of the Mizo peoples, which has both written and oral traditions.
The language developed mainly from the Lushai language, with significant influence from Pawi language, Paite language and Hmar language, especially at the literary level.
In fact the language was initially standardized through a process of translation of classical Sanskrit texts like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Srimad Bhagavatam.
In the 19th century, Swabhab Kavi Gangadhar Meher (1862-1924), Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843–1918), Gouri Shankar Ray, Gopal Chandra Praharaj, Pandit Nilmani Vidyaratna, Kabibar Radhanath Ray were few of the prominent figures in prose and poetry writings of Odia literature.
In the 20th century Godabarish Mohapatra, Kalindi Charana Panigrahi, Kanhu Charan Mohanty (1906–1994), Godabarish Mishra, Gopinath Mohanty (1914–1991), Sachidananda Routray (1916–2004), Sitakant Mahapatra (born 17 September 1937), Surendra Mohanty, Manoj Das, Kishori Charan Das, Ramakanta Rath (born 13 December 1934), Binapani Mohanty, Jagadish Mohanty, Sarojini Sahoo, Rajendra Kishore Panda, Padmaj Pal, Ramchandra Behera, Pratibha Satpathy, Nandini Sahu, Debaraj Samantray are few names who created Odia literature.
Along with West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh tookaway many parts of Odisha letting Odisha into nothingness and despair.
But they were unaware of the fact that Odia language is older than Bengali and even one of the oldest languages in the World.
Due to the immense contributions and sacrifices of pioneers like Fakirmohan Senapati, Gopabandhu Das, Madhusudan Das, Nilakantha Das, Gourishankar Ray, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati and many more, Odisha and Odia language got back its special identity and has stood tall among the best in the country.
Nanak himself composed Punjabi verse incorporating vocabulary from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, and other Indic languages as characteristic of the Gurbani tradition.
In contrast to Persian poets who had preferred the ghazal for poetic expression, Punjabi Sufi poets tended to compose in the Kafi.
Punjabi Sufi poetry also influenced other Punjabi literary traditions particularly the Punjabi Qissa, a genre of romantic tragedy which also derived inspiration from Indic, Persian and Qur'anic sources.
The Victorian novel, Elizabethan drama, free verse and Modernism entered Punjabi literature through the introduction of British education during colonial rule.
It needs to be pointed out here that ‘modernism’ is being used here as an umbrella term to cover a whole range of developments in the Punjabi literary culture, starting with the break from tradition or the past to a commitment to progressive ideology, from the experimental nature of the avant-garde to the newness of the forward-looking.
The history of Tamil literature follows the history of Tamil Nadu, closely following the social and political trends of various periods.
The secular nature of the early Sangam poetry gave way to works of religious and didactic nature during the Middle Ages.
Jain and Buddhist authors during the medieval period and Muslim and European authors later also contributed to the growth of Tamil literature.
A revival of Tamil literature took place from the late 19th century when works of religious and philosophical nature were written in a style that made it easier for the common people to enjoy.
Vemana was a prince, also called Pedakomati or Vemaa Reddy, who lived in the 14th century and wrote poems in the language of the common man.
Telugu literature has been enriched by many literary movements, like the Veera Shaiva movement which gave birth to dwipada kavitvam (couplets).
The Romantic Movement (led by Krishnasashtri, Rayaprolu, Vedula), Progressive Writers Movement, Digambara Kavitvam (Nagnamuni, Cherabanda Raju, Jwalamukhi, Nikhileswar, Bhairavayya and Mahaswapna Revolutionary Writers' Movement, Streevada Kavitvam and Dalita Kavitvam all flourished in Telugu literature.
Kodavatiganti Kutumba Rao laid the foundation for the realistic modern Telugu novel and short story, and Rachakonda and Kalipatnam carried the flag in to excellency.
Arab and Persian vocabulary based on the Hindi language resulted in a vast and extremely beloved class of ghazal literature, usually written by Muslims in contexts ranging from romance and society to philosophy and Tassawuf (Sufism).
It is surely the most refined, enriched, sophisticated and ripended language and literature, producing poets like, Mir, Ghalib, Iqbal, Zauq and Faiz.
The poetry of Mohammed Iqbal invoked a spirit of freedom among the Muslims of India, thus contributing a pivotal role in the making of Pakistan.
The art of short story was further taken ahead by Manto, Bedi, Krishn Chander and a host of highly acclaimed writers.
Towards the end of the 20th century Urdu novel entered into a new phase with trend setter novel MAKAAN of Paigham Afaqui.
Urdu ghazal has also recently changed its colour with more and more penetration in and synchronization with modern and contemporary issues of life.
During the early Muslim period, Persian became the official language of the northern part of Indian subcontinent, used by most of the educated and the government.
The language had, from its earliest days in the 11th century AD, been imported to the subcontinent by various culturally Persianised Central Asian Turkic and Afghan dynasties.
Several Indians became major Persian poets later on, the most notable being Amir Khusro and, in more modern times, Muhammad Iqbal.
Persian still held its status, despite the spread of Urdu, well into the early years of the British rule in India.
In 1837, however, the British, in an effort to expand their influence, made a government ruling to discontinue the use of Persian and commence the use of English instead.
Thus started the decline of Persian as most of the subcontinent's official governmental language, a position to be taken up by the new language of the British Raj, English.
The troubled political climate, the beautiful landscape and the confluence of various ethnic groups perhaps have given rise to a body of writing that is completely different from Indian English Literature.
It was a weekly newspaper and generally dealt with the arrival and departure of Europeans, timings of steamers, fashionable news from London, Paris and Vienna, and personal news.
In the year 1781, Hicky's Bengal Gazette was forced to close down after Hicky published a scandalous story about Warren Hastings, the then Governor-General and his wife.
Between 1860 and 1899, hundreds of newspapers came up demanding freedom of expression and criticizing the repressive measures taken by the British.
Another significant factor was that during this period a large number of colleges imparting science and liberal arts education sprang up in the major towns of India.
Malayala Manorama, the second oldest newspaper in Kerala was started in 1890, and was the first newspaper to be published by a joint stock company formed solely for the purpose of publishing a newspaper.
The first Marathi newspaper was Darpan- a bilingual fortnightly in Englisha and Marathi, started by a professor of the Elphinstone College of Bombay.
Despite the numerous columns and articles demanding political and social reforms, journalism during the 19th century had little impact on the Indian masses, due to widespread illiteracy and poverty.
In 1947, the major English newspaper in India were the Times of India (Bombay), Statesman (Calcutta), Hindu (Madras), Hindustan Times (New Delhi), Indian Express (Bombay & Madras) Amrita Bazaar Patrika (Calcutta).
Of these, the Times of India, Statesman & Pioneer were under British ownership till 1964, when it came under a group of Indian business.
During the long struggle for India's Independence, the major English newspaper that served the national cause were the Hindu (1878), Amrita Bazaar Patrika (1868), & Hindustan Times (1924).
Among the Indian language newspapers, the prominent ones were, Ananda bazaar Patrika (1922), Sakal (1931), Mumbai Samachar (1822), Malayala Manorama (1890) & Mathrubhumi (1930).
There also are seven other daily newspapers with circulations of between 134,000 and 477,000, all in English and all competitive with one another.
For example, the Malayalam-language daily Malayala Manorama circulates 673,000 copies in Kerala; the Hindi-language Dainik Jagran circulates widely in Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi, with 580,000 copies per day; Punjab Kesari, also published in Hindi and available throughout Punjab and New Delhi, has a daily circulation of 562,000; and the Anandabazar Patrika, published in Calcutta in Bengali, has a daily circulation of 435,000.
The combined circulation of India's newspapers and periodicals is in the order of 60 million, published daily in more than ninety languages.
During the summer of 1975, as Indira Gandhi became increasingly threatened by the mounting criticisms of her government, she declared a state of emergency.
The emergency was declared as a result of mounting political pressure exerted upon the government from opposing political parties which were striving to fight corruption, inflation and economic chaos in the country.
Indira Gandhi's government, rather than taking this as a political challenge, resorted to declaring a national emergency and imprisoning the opposition party leaders, including all dissenting voices from the media.
The government expelled several foreign correspondents (mainly American and British) and withdrew accreditation from more than 40 Indian reporters who normally covered the capital.
Unlike the American Constitution or others In which freedom of the press is mentioned as one of the fundamental rights, the Indian Constitution doesn't specifically mention freedom of the press.
And with the airwaves already under government ownership, Indira Gandhi successfully controlled the mass communication system in India for over a year and a half.
But two tough, prominent publishers of English language dailies, The Indian Express and The Statesman, fought courageously against Indira Gandhi's opposition of the Indian press.
Despite some bold fights and stubborn stands taken up by these publishers, it was quite clear that Indira Gandhi had as strong a grip on the Indian press as she had on Indian politics, at least during the government-imposed emergency.
For her, this was to be effectuated not merely by controlling the Indian mass media but also by moulding the media to her own purpose.
It has now become a well-known fact that during the emergency Indira Gandhi had a firm grip on the Indian mass media.
This was especially true since radio and television in India are government owned and operated; for Indira, there was the simple matter of controlling the newspapers in order to achieve a total control of the mass media.
The Indian newspapers depend a great deal on governmental advertising; without such revenues, it would be difficult for many Indian newspapers to stay in business.
The large-scale possibility of such manipulation, however, was not fully demonstrated until Indira Gandhi's government decided to take advantage of this unique circumstance.
In the beginning of censorship, when a few leading newspapers such as The Indian Express and The Statesman refused to abide the governmental censorship, the government withdrew its advertising support from these newspapers.
The second and perhaps more profound way of manipulating the news flow resulted from the governmental decision to bring about a shot-gun merger of the four privately owned Indian news agencies; the main purpose behind this merger was to alter the management and control of the Indian news agencies and thus to control much of the content of the leading newspapers.
Since these agencies had been acting as the gatekeepers of information, it was essential for Indira Gandhi and her Information and Broadcasting Minister, Mr. V.C.
For example, the government-owned Post and Telegraph Department was ordered to impose a suspension of services to the United News of India if it resisted the merger.
The manipulation of these four news agencies was so effective that hardly a voice was raised to resist the governmental perfidy.
A third and an equally effective method applied by Indira Gandhi was to use fear-arousal techniques on the newspaper publishers, editors, reporters and shareholders.
Such techniques were imposed by making false charges with regard to tax arreas, possible reductions in newsprint quotas and imprisonment of publishers.
Writers are thus impartial to any caste or race but they makes use of caste to create the back ground of their stories.
Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression.
Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage.
He regarded his exposition of the virtues of the free market as his main contribution to policy, and the purpose for which his economic analysis was developed.
Yet he was prepared to accept or propose qualifications to that policy in the specific cases where he judged that their net effect would be beneficial and would not undermine the basically free character of the system.
Stein observed this logic in analyzing economic trends (such as rising U.S. Federal debt in proportion to GDP, or increasing international balance of payments deficits, in his analysis): if such a process is limited by external factors, there is no urgency for government intervention to stop it, much less to make it stop immediately; it will stop of its own accord.
In countries with a history of female infanticide, the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue.
It has been argued that the low status in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females.
In 1978, anthropologist Laila Williamson, in a summary of data she had collated on how widespread infanticide was, found that infanticide had occurred on every continent and was carried out by groups ranging from hunter gatherers to highly developed societies, and that, rather than this practice being an exception, it has been commonplace.
Miller contends that female infanticide is commonplace in regions where women are not employed in agriculture and regions in which dowries are the norm.
Initially Sen's suggestion of gender bias was contested and it was suggested that hepatitis B was the cause of the alteration in the natural sex ratio.
However it is now widely accepted that the numerical worldwide deficit in women is due to gender specific abortions, infanticide and neglect.
With the arrival of Christian missionaries in the late sixteenth century, the missionaries discovered female infanticide was being practiced – newborns were seen thrown into rivers or onto rubbish piles.
In the seventeenth century, Matteo Ricci documented that the practice occurred in several of China's provinces and that the primary reason for the practice was poverty.
Leaving a child exposed to the elements was another method of killing an infant: the child would be placed in a basket which was then placed in a tree.
In 1845 in the province of Jiangxi, a missionary wrote that these children survived for up to two days while exposed to the elements, and that those passing by would pay no attention.
In 1878, French Jesuit missionary Gabriel Palatre collected documents from 13 provinces, and the Annales de la Sainte-Enfance (Annals of the Holy Childhood) also found evidence of infanticide in Shanxi and Sichuan.
According to the information collected by Palatre, the practice was more widely spread in the southeastern provinces and in the Lower Yangzi River region.
Buddhists wrote that the killing of young girls would bring bad karma; conversely, those who saved a young girl's life either through intervening or through presents of money or food would earn good karma, leading to a prosperous life, a long life and success for their sons.
However the Buddhist belief in reincarnation meant that the death of an infant was not final, as the child would be reborn; this belief eased the guilt felt over female infanticide.
The Confucian emphasis on the family led to increasing dowries which in turn led to a girl being far more expensive to raise than a boy, causing families to feel they could not afford as many daughters.
Conversely the Confucian belief of Ren led Confucian intellectuals to support the idea that female infanticide was wrong and that the practice would upset the balance between yin and yang.
The state's official position on the practice is that it is a carryover from feudal times, and is not a result of the states one-child policy.
The dowry system in India is one given reason for female infanticide; over a time period spanning centuries it has become embedded within Indian culture.
Although the state has taken steps to abolish the dowry system, the practice persists, and for poorer families in rural regions female infanticide and gender selective abortion is attributed to the fear of being unable to raise a suitable dowry and then being socially ostracized.
A letter from a magistrate who was stationed in the North West of India during this period spoke of the fact that for several hundred years no daughter had ever been raised in the strongholds of the Rajahs of Mynpoorie.
A review of scholarship has shown that the majority of female infanticides in India during the colonial period occurred for the most part in the North West, and that although not all groups carried out this practice, it was indeed widespread.
In 1870, after an investigation by the colonial authorities the practice was made illegal, with the Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870.
The United Nations has declared that India is the most deadly country for female children, and that in 2012 female children aged between 1 and 5 were 75 percent more likely to die as opposed to boys.
The children's rights group CRY has estimated that of the 12 million females born yearly in India, 1 million will have died within their first year of life.
During British rule, the practice of female infanticide in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu among the Kallars and the Todas was reported.
In Pakistan female infanticide is practiced as female children are seen as a financial burden due to the dowry the parents have to pay when their daughter reaches a marriageable age.
It also poses an issue with feelings of female worth, as families wanting to eradicate female babies teach the young girls in their society that they are inferior to the opposite sex, making it more likely that they face oppression and have reduced access to jobs.
The dowry system has an effect on the families and poverty line, as some families struggle to pay a dowry while earning below the minimum wage.
As of 2017 Pakistani women earn less than their male counterparts, earning under a hundred rupees a month, and are often unable to receive an education that would allow them to have better working hours and pay.
Some are also restricted to only working within the home, while men are allowed to do the majority of crop work and herding.
The study found that economic utility indicates that boys are valued more than girls due to the fact that boys can work and bring in money to the household.
Due to the sociocultural utility factor of female infanticide, for many cultures having a boy in the family is mandatory in order to carry out the legacy of the family line.
Many believe that men are the only ones that can provide, and sons are viewed as mandatory in order to kindle the funeral pyre of their late parents and to assist in the soul’s salvation.
There are Non-Government Developmental Organizations (NGDOS) which have gender awareness policies that are designed to prevent female discrimination all over the world.
The organization mostly sees the importance of educating the men who are in the work force on the issues of women within society.
Therefore, the men are able to sympathize with the women in terms of how being a women in society may make you feel inferior.
Another solution would be to eradicate the dowry system so that families will not have pay such a heavy price for their daughters.
Thus will allow females to become individuals being able to raise their social status in terms of women being provided with a better salary.
The Girl Child Protection Scheme is an organization that is designed to set up cradles near stores so that families who have mostly daughters may leave them in a safe place, instead of engaging in the practice of killing the female.
Educating young girls and women about the purpose of female infanticide will help them to become aware of how important women are in society being able to become independent.
Also, with more women being able to contribute to the work force, society will be able to move above the poverty line.
Sympathizing with women's suffrage in countries limiting women’s rights will add to the battle in which women fight for freedoms in their home state.
Building upon gender equality in education and teaching women strategies to cope with their situations will help them grow confidence and want to spread their knowledge and passions with their female children.
Having women respect themselves and their own children for who they are will increase the population, and it will increase the value of women.
One of the consequences resulting from this male surplus in these populations is too many males not having females to marry.
According to DCAF the demographic shortfall of women who have died for gender related issues is in the same range as the 191 million estimated dead from all conflicts in the twentieth century.
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot on Myers 2000 edition of the hotspot-map, a region must meet two strict criteria: it must contain at least 0.5% or 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics, and it has to have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation.
These sites support nearly 60% of the world's plant, bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species, with a very high share of those species as endemics.
Some of these hotspots support up to 15,000 endemic plant species and some have lost up to 95% of their natural habitat.
Biodiversity hotspots host their diverse ecosystems on just 2.3% of the planet's surface, however, the area defined as hotspots covers a much larger proportion of the land.
Overall, the current hotspots cover more than 15.7% of the land surface area, but have lost around 85% of their habitat.
This loss of habitat explains why approximately 60% of the world's terrestrial life lives on only 2.3% of the land surface area.
By the influence of that the central government of India arrived a new authority named CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority) to control the destruction of forests and biological spots in India.
A recent series of papers has pointed out that biodiversity hotspots (and many other priority region sets) do not address the concept of cost.
The purpose of biodiversity hotspots is not simply to identify regions that are of high biodiversity value, but to prioritize conservation spending.
The cost of land is likely to vary between these regions by an order of magnitude or more, but the biodiversity hotspot designations do not consider the conservation importance of this difference.
The word is often used to express that what follows is not an exact quotation but instead gives a general feel for what was said.
Especially since the late 20th century onward, it has appeared, in addition to its traditional uses, as a colloquialism across all dialects of spoken English, serving as a discourse particle, filler, hedge, speech disfluency, or other metalinguistic unit.
It may also be used in a systemic format to allow individuals to introduce what they say, how they say and think.
In the UK Reality Television Series Love Island the word ‘Like’ has been used an average of 300 times per episode, much to the annoyance of viewers.
He is initially depicted as a glory-seeking showboat from the future, using knowledge of historical events and futuristic technology to stage high-publicity heroics.
Booster develops over the course of his publication history and through personal tragedies to become a true hero weighed down by the reputation he created for himself.
At Gotham U., Michael was a star quarterback until his father reentered his life and convinced him to deliberately lose games for gambling purposes.
Later he was able to secure a job as a night watchman at the Metropolis Space Museum, where he studied displays about superheroes and villains from the past, particularly the 20th century.
With the help of a security robot named Skeets, Michael stole devices from the museum displays, including a Legion of Super-Heroes flight ring and Brainiac 5's force field belt.
He used Rip Hunter's Time Sphere, also on display in the museum, to travel to the 20th century, intent on becoming a superhero and forming a corporation based around himself to make a comfortable living.
He starts his hero career by preventing the shapeshifting assassin Chiller, an operative of The 1000, from killing the President of the United States and replacing him.
Amassing a small fortune, Booster founds Goldstar, Inc. (later Booster Gold International) as a holding company and hires Dirk Davis to act as his agent.
The duo's notable appearances include a stint as superhero repo men, and as the minds behind the construction of a gaming resort, Club JLI, on the living island Kooey Kooey Kooey.
After one too many embarrassments and longing for his old reputation, Booster quits the League to found The Conglomerate, a superhero team whose funding is derived from corporate sponsors.
Booster and his team are determined to behave as legitimate heroes, but find that their sponsors compromise them far too often.
Again, Blue Beetle comes to his aid, designing a suit that acts as a life support system in addition to replicating the powers of Booster's previous costumes.
While a member of this team, Booster makes a deal with the supervillain Monarch, who fully heals Booster's wounds so that he can once again remove his battle suit.
Skeets acts as its systems controller, who aids Booster and is able to take control of the costume if Booster is rendered unconscious.
A new costume is created by Professor Hamilton, based on the designs of both the original 25th century costume and the energy containment suit Superman was wearing at this time.
Booster is badly injured in an explosion at Kord's home, and it is revealed that his companion Skeets has been dismantled for its 25th century technology by the Checkmate organization.
At the series' end, he is ruined physically and emotionally, having destroyed much of his gear in the fight against the OMACs.
He discovered that another friend, Maxwell Lord, is responsible for killing Blue Beetle and that in fact, Lord always hated metahumans and superheroes.
In a moment of self-reflection, he realizes that if only he had bothered to recall more of what was history in his native era, he might have been able to warn his friends.
When Skeets fails to locate the absent Martian Manhunter, Booster searches for Jaime Reyes, the new Blue Beetle, whom he promptly takes to the Batcave.
Booster tells Batman the subject of the stolen records: Batman never finds Brother Eye, but Booster implies that, with Jaime's aid, they can succeed.
Booster attends the memorial, but when Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman do not arrive as he expects, he suspects his robot sidekick Skeets is malfunctioning and becomes hysterical.
After Skeets reports other incorrect historical data, Booster searches fellow time traveler Rip Hunter's desert bunker for answers, finding it littered with enigmatic scrawled notes.
His reputation ruined, Booster tries to regain the spotlight by containing an explosion, but appears to be killed in the attempt.
Skeets uses Booster's ancestor, Daniel Carter, to regain access to Hunter's lab, where he sees the photos and arrows pointing at him.
Supernova meets with Rip Hunter in the Bottle City of Kandor, and Hunter examines a number of high-tech items Supernova has brought him.
When Skeets discovers them, Supernova reveals himself to be Booster Gold and fights him, revealing how he and Rip Hunter used time travel to fake his death and create a rivalry between Booster and himself as Supernova.
Hunter and Booster attempt to trap Skeets in the Phantom Zone, but Skeets appears to eat the subdimension and pursues his two adversaries through time.
Booster later appears before Steel and Natasha Irons, stealing the nanobot missile they were about to use on Black Adam, saying he needs it more than they and that it would not have worked for its original purpose anyway; Booster promptly disappears.
During his time-hopping mission, he briefly stops in the far future, robbing the Dominators of an experimental weapon designed to deal with time travelers.
Skeets reveals itself to be Mister Mind in disguise, having used Skeets' shell as a cocoon to evolve into a being capable of devouring the Multiverse.
Mister Mind attempts to trap Booster and Rip in the Phantom Zone which he devoured when it was turned on him, but he is stopped by Supernova (now Daniel Carter, who was saved from the time loop he was trapped in by Rip and given Michael's outfit), who restores the Phantom Zone to its original place.
Using the scarab — along with Suspendium stolen by Rip Hunter, Skeets' mangled shell, and Supernova's powers — Rip, Booster, and Daniel trap Mister Mind inside Skeets and hurl it into the timestream, trapping Mister Mind within a repeating time loop of 52 seconds where he is captured by Doctor Sivana.
His resolution weakening with time, he starts using the suit to play video games instead, because he does not need to eat, drink, or sleep while wearing it.
Booster puts in a request to the Justice League that they admit him and the group begrudgingly decide to monitor him over the following week.
A new villainous Supernova arises after stealing Daniel's costume, and aided by evil time traveler Rex Hunter, intends to exploit weaknesses in history, keen on rewriting it and destroying the League (they are later revealed to in fact be working under the orders of the Ultra-Humanite, Despero, and Per Degaton).
As Booster is thought of as a buffoon, the person or persons behind the altering of time will not suspect he is thwarting them, but Booster must maintain his poor reputation to protect himself.
Booster's condition for following Rip's orders is that he may travel back in time to avert the death of his best friend, Ted Kord.
However, Booster suffers a tragedy when he is unable to stop Ted from entering a time sphere with the Black Beetle to change the past one final time, resetting history and sacrificing himself.
He is later transported to the 853rd century, where he faces off against Peter Platinum, a con artist who is attempting to outdo Booster at making money off of heroic acts.
Batman tells Booster that he knew about Booster's attempts to prevent the crippling of Barbara Gordon and has long realized that Booster is not the fool he appears to be, offering his friendship.
Rip reveals that he is able to save Booster's sister Michelle from moments before she died, claiming there is a loophole due to Michelle being from the future.
At first unavailable due to reliving Ted's funeral in the past, he returns to meet his ancestor Daniel Carter, only to find the crashed, derelict Bug at his house.
He uses a special light gun designed by Ted to blast the corpse and separate the ring with light, simulating the emotional spectrum.
Upon separating the corpse from the ring, he collects Ted's remains before the ring can reanimate them and takes them into the Time Sphere to Vanishing Point Fortress to secure them.
He is somewhat relieved when Skeets uses the Fortress's special chronal surveillance equipment to display images of the days of Team Blue and Gold.
They find evidence at the warehouse of someone else entering, even though the doors were genetically coded, with only two people cleared for access: Ted and Booster.
This arc introduces an older Booster Gold, the man that trained Rip Hunter and was the master of both Time, the Multiverse, and Hypertime.
Rip reveals that this Booster is not only his father, but also has been watching Rip training the young Booster Gold, aiding him when needed.
Older Booster also reveals that he is still married to Rip's mother, and that Michelle is with them in some unknown time.
Fire, Ice, and Captain Atom find him just as Lord uses his psychic powers to the utmost to erase all memory of himself from the minds of the entire world.
For some reason, Booster, Fire, Ice, and Atom are the only ones who remember Lord and see him in recorded images.
Trying to convince Batman (Dick Grayson), Booster is horrified to learn that, thanks to Max, the world believes Ted Kord committed suicide.
Fire, Ice, and Captain Atom are soon set up by Max to cut them off from allies, but, ironically, Booster is left alone because his reputation is already poor.
The remnants of the JLI are, seemingly by chance, joined by the successors of Blue Beetle (Jaime Reyes) and Rocket Red.
Rocket Red declares the newly formed team as the new Justice League International, prompting Booster to figure out that Max Lord manipulated them to be together.
When his team member, Jaime, is kidnapped and tortured by Max, Jaime signals the rest of the JLI to lead them to Max's headquarters.
The JLI arrives too late, and Jaime is shot in the head by Max, killing him in the same manner as his predecessor, Ted Kord.
Booster Gold is enraged and his team tries to take down Max, but Max escapes from the JLI using one of his headquarters' escape pods.
As the team deals with the loss of Jaime, Booster Gold blames himself for leading the team into so much danger, and wants to abdicate as leader.
Gold is still upset, saying they cannot win against Max, when Blue Beetle suddenly sits up, his wound healed, declaring he knows Max's ultimate plans and that they can stop him.
While the JLI are battling against OMAC Prime, Booster locates Max's flying headquarters and attacks it to come face-to-face with Max.
When Earth entered an alternate timeline due to the actions of the Flash, Booster and Skeets awaken and are the only ones who remember the original timeline (later, Booster realizes that the chronal protection in his suit saved him from being erased).
Alexandra defeats Doomsday by using the control helmet to make Doomsday tear himself apart, subsequently asking Booster to take him with her when he restores history to normal.
However, despite his best efforts and support from Batman, who officially defers to Booster's leadership after supporting Booster for leader, the JLI falls apart due to a string of attacks against the group that leaves members killed or wounded.
director Amanda Waller orders Chronos to search for the contemporary Gold through time, but Chronos is captured by the Secret Society before carrying out his mission.
The older Booster is sent careening through the timeline, eventually meeting up with his sister, Goldstar, who is in a version of Metropolis which has been sealed in a bubble by a godlike version of Brainiac from an alternative universe.
Hunter tells older Gold that he hasn't traveled through the timeline, but through the cities in the planet which were now chronal anomalies that he was in conflict with, and that his body absorbed so much time travel radiation that he was aging rapidly and dying.
Superman, seeking more answers, decides to use the cosmic treadmill to travel back in time and learn more about the unseen forces affecting the universe.
As he finally gains enough speed to travel in time, Booster Gold and Skeets appear one second too late to stop him as Superman disappears into the time stream.
Booster is captured and imprisoned in a cell with his father who refers to Booster throwing the football game for him.
Skeets is destroyed, devastating Booster, but it's revealed that Skeets downloaded his memory into an Eradicator to help free Booster and Superman from Zod.
Skeets tells Superman the news that Lois Lane and Jon were killed by soldiers in the Middle East while attempting to free General Lane.
Back at the Watchtower, Flash is upset that they took his Cosmic Treadmill to save Krypton, which would negatively affect time.
Booster Gold tells Flash it was Superman's idea to go back, and that he went back to stop Superman, who admits that is wrong.
He runs from Batman, hiding in a back alley with Skeets, and finds it odd that Batman both does not know who he is and tried to kill him.
Since his origin, characters within the DC Universe have hinted that there is a greater purpose to Booster Gold than he knows.
It is revealed that Booster is destined to come to the past to protect him from an unknown event in the future.
Due to a predestination paradox, the future Booster is revealed to be a more experienced Time Master than his son Rip Hunter, but also that he personally tasked Rip to school his past self.
It is also implied that the departure of the Hypertime concept, rather than a simple retcon, is Booster's work, as in the future he tasked himself with the role of pruning divergent timelines from each universe in the Multiverse.
Circuitry from a force field belt (once belonging to Brainiac 5 of the legion of Super Heroes) allows Booster to resist physical and energy attacks, and he uses the force field to repel objects with great force and generate a breathable self-contained environment.
Booster can also absorb mass and eject it either in its original form or as a melted mass, although this depletes his force field for a time afterward.
Based on Booster's reputation as a profiteer posing as a hero, Platinum admits to Booster that he is pulling the same scam, but more successfully, and assumes Booster is after a cut.
His superhero gear is based on technology stolen from Rip Hunter, who has apparently had several encounters with him to get it back.
He and Ted Kord, the Blue Beetle, had been friendly rivals, even though Booster used to mock Ted's Blue Beetle suit due to his weight.
One year after Superman's regime has ended, Michael warns Ted about the latter's cruel fate in the future, something Michael cannot prevent and is not allowed to interfere the time paradox for rescuing Ted.
Before he sets on his way home back to the future with Skeets, Michael bids his friend a farewell and promises that they will see each other at the end.
During a training session with Jaime, Booster receives a message from Ted telling him he now owns Kord Industries and his suit.
He was hired due to a recommendation of Warlord creator Mike Grell who was deeply impressed by Jurgens' work after being shown his private portfolio at a convention.
He began scripting from Conway's plots with #8 (Feb. 1985) and fully took over the writing duties on the title with #10 (April 1985).
Jurgens had by this stage become disillusioned with the immense amount of group planning and constant changes of ideas and directions and took this as the last straw, resigning from the title.
Feuchtwanger's Judaism and fierce criticism of the Nazi Party, years before it assumed power, ensured that he would be a target of government-sponsored persecution after Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor of Germany in January 1933.
Following a brief period of internment in France and a harrowing escape from Continental Europe, he found asylum in the United States, where he died in 1958.
Feuchtwanger's Jewish ancestors originated from the Middle Franconian city of Feuchtwangen; following a pogrom in 1555, it had expelled all its resident Jews.
He was the oldest in a family of nine siblings of whom two, Martin and Ludwig Feuchtwanger, became authors; Ludwig's son is the London-based historian Edgar Feuchtwanger.
At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Feuchtwanger served in the German military service but was released early for health reasons.
In 1916, he published a play based on the story of Joseph Süß Oppenheimer which premiered in 1917, but Feuchtwanger withdrew it a couple years later as he was dissatisfied with it.
Towers of Hebrew books were burned, and bonfires were erected high up in the clouds, and people burnt, innumerable priests and voices sang: Gloria in excelsis Deo.
Traits of men, women, children dragged themselves across the square from all sides, they were naked or in rags, and they had nothing with them as corpses and the tatters of book rolls of torn, disgraced, soiled with feces Books roles.
The story of Joseph Süß Oppenheimer had been the subject of a number of literary and dramatic treatments over the course of the past century; the earliest Wilhelm Hauff's 1827 novella.
The most successful literary adaptation was Feuchtwanger's 1925 novel, based on a play he had written in 1916 but then withdrew.
Feuchtwanger intended his portrayal of Süß not as an antisemitic slur but as a study of the tragedy caused by the human weaknesses of greed, pride, and ambition.
However, the novel was so well-received that it went through five printings of 39,000 copies within a year as well as being translated into 17 languages by 1931.
The novel's success established Feuchtwanger as a major German author as well as giving him a royalty stream that afforded him a measure of financial independence for the rest of his life.
The NSDAP party in Germany then made their own anti-Semitic version under the very same title, to undercut the British film.
The new regime soon began persecuting him, and while he was on a speaking tour of America, in Washington, D.C., he was guest of honor at a dinner hosted by the then ambassador Friedrich Wilhelm von Prittwitz und Gaffron on the same day (January 30, 1933) that Hitler was appointed Chancellor.
In the summer of 1933, his name appeared on the first of Hitler's Germany , which were documents by which the Nazis arbitrarily deprived Germans of their citizenship and so rendered them stateless.
In his writings, Feuchtwanger exposed Nazi racist policies years before the British and French governments abandoned their policy of appeasement towards Hitler.
In response to the Western Powers pursuing a policy of appeasement of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (the Anglo-German Naval Treaty; allowing the reoccupation of the Rhineland; non-intervention against the Falangist Coup in Spain; Italy’s attack on Abyssinia), he flirted with Soviet communism to find the staunchest enemy of Germany’s National Socialism.
Later, the prisoners of Les Milles were moved to a makeshift tent camp near Nîmes because of the advance of German troops.
After months of waiting in Marseille, he was able to flee with his wife Marta to the United States via Spain and Portugal.
He escaped with the help of Marta; Varian Fry, an American journalist who helped refugees escape from occupied France; Hiram Bingham IV, US Vice Consul in Marseille; Waitstill Sharp and Martha Sharp, a Unitarian minister and his wife who were in Europe on a similar mission as Fry.
If Feuchtwanger had been recognized at border crossings in France or Spain, he would have been detained and turned over to the Gestapo.
In 1943, Feuchtwanger bought Villa Aurora in Pacific Palisades, California, and he continued to write there until his death in 1958.
There as an ardent anti-fascist and communist sympathizer he was held in high honor, even if the Jewish portions of his work were less appreciated.
His wife Marta continued to live in their house on the coast and remained an important figure in the exile community, devoting the remainder of her life to the work of her husband.
Before her death in 1987, Marta Feuchtwanger donated her husband's papers, photos and personal library to the Feuchtwanger Memorial Library, housed within the Special Collections of the Doheny Memorial Library at the University of Southern California.
A Bennett buggy was a term used in Canada during the Great Depression to describe a car which had its engine, windows and sometimes frame work taken out and was pulled by a horse.
The Canadian term was named after Richard Bennett, the Prime Minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935, who was blamed for the nation's poverty.
During the boom years of the 1920s, many Canadians had bought cheap vehicles for the first time, but during the depression, many found they did not have enough money to operate them.
He was Master of the Rolls from 1996 until 2000 and Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales from 2000 until 2005.
The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 made him the first Lord Chief Justice to be President of the Courts of England and Wales.
His father had been a fine art dealer, but was persuaded to run his own building business instead by his wife.
Woolf lived in Newcastle-upon-Tyne until he was about five years old, when his family moved to Glasgow, Scotland where he attended Glasgow Academy going on to Fettes College, an Edinburgh public school, where he mostly enjoyed his time and had supportive friends.
A prefect reported this as the school had strict rules about being in other pupils' cubicles, but Woolf felt that he had not broken the rules because he did not have his feet inside the cubicle at the time.
He appealed for fairness, but his housemaster, who had been in the army, increased Woolf's punishment from six strokes of the cane to eight.
His housemaster told him that this was not a suitable career-choice for him because he had a stutter, but this only made Woolf more determined in his vocation.
His A level results gained him a place at the University of Cambridge; however, he studied law at University College London (UCL) instead as a consequence of his parents' move to London at about that time.
He became Junior Counsel to the Inland Revenue (Common Law) from 1973–74, and was First Junior Treasury Counsel (Common Law) from 1974–79.
He was promoted to Lord Justice of Appeal and was made a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC) in 1986.
Lord Justice Woolf was appointed to hold a five-month public inquiry with Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons, Judge Stephen Tumim, into the disturbances at Strangeways prison, Manchester and other prisons between 11 June on 31 October 1990.
He subsequently became patron of the Rehabilitation for Addicted Prisoners Trust and an Ambassador for the Prison Advice and Care Trust.
Woolf LJ was appointed a Law Lord on 1 October 1992, being created a life peer as Baron Woolf, of Barnes in the London Borough of Richmond.
In this most senior judicial post, Woolf spoke out at the University of Cambridge in 2004 against the Constitutional Reform Bill that would create a Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to replace the House of Lords as the final court of appeal in the United Kingdom; and he severely questioned the Lord Chancellor's and the Government's handling of recent constitutional reforms.
In 2003, he was appointed a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, which position he held until 2012.
From September to December 2005 he conducted a review of the working methods of the European Court of Human Rights, and he is chairman of the Bank of England Financial Markets Law Committee.
He is Chairman of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Chairman of the Council of University College, London and a visiting Professor of Law.
On 25 February 2007, Woolf was inaugurated as the first President of the Qatar Financial Centre Civil and Commercial Court, in Doha Qatar.
On 15 June 2007, he took the chair of an Ethics Committee set up by BAE Systems, the UK's largest arms company, in response to allegations of multimillion-pound bribery in arms deals with Saudi Arabia.
This Woolf Committee reported in May 2008, and clearly influenced the Law Commission report proposing anti-corruption and bribery law reforms on 20 November 2008 and the Government's consequent Bribery Bill published on 25 March 2009, which was ultimately enacted as the Bribery Act.
In 2007 he was named as co-chair, with Professor Kaufmann-Kohler, of the Commission on Settlement in International Arbitration, for the Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution for which he also consults.
From 29–31 May 2009, Woolf served with Sir William Blair, a High Court Judge, as the Co-Convener of the inaugural Qatar Law Forum of Global Leaders in Law, held in Doha, Qatar.
Woolf, an Ashkenazi Jew, first met his wife Marguerite Sassoon, a Sephardi Jew, at a social event which was organised by a mutual friend at the National Liberal Club.
They married early in 1961 and have three sons who have all entered the legal profession, as well as seven grandchildren.
Woolf was elected an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2000 and an Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2002.
Henry Woolf, (born 20 January 1930 in Holborn, London) is a British actor, theatre director and teacher of acting, drama and theatre who lives in Canada.
Woolf served as a faculty member at the University of Saskatchewan from 1983 to 1997 and as artistic director of Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan from 1991 until 2001.
Born to Jewish parents in London in 1930, Henry Woolf was educated at Hackney Downs School, where he met Harold Pinter; he and Pinter were friends and collaborators for over 60 years.
He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of London and then pursued a postgraduate course in directing at the University of Bristol, before going to the United States, to earn a postgraduate diploma from the College of William and Mary, in Williamsburg, Virginia.
In 1978, with his wife, actress/director Susan Williamson, whom he married in 1965, Woolf moved to Canada where he took a teaching position at the University of Alberta Drama Department.
Woolf joined the faculty of the University of Saskatchewan in 1983, was promoted to professor in 1990, also serving as head of its Drama Department, and received the university's Master Teacher Award in 1994, before retiring in 1997, at the Canadian mandatory retirement age of 67.
Woolf also served as artistic director of the annual summer Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan festival, in Saskatoon, from 1991 until his retirement from that position in 2001.
Players take turns pushing tokens (one player taking black, the other white) from the edge of the tri-gridded, hexagonal board, with pieces already in play pushed in front of the new placements rather than allowing more than one piece on any space.
The game is lost if a player has no more tokens to play, and since each starts with a set number of tokens, it is clearly necessary to recycle pieces already positioned to keep playing.
This is achieved by contriving to line up four pieces of the same colour in a row on the board, at which point those tokens are returned to their owner, and any opposing tokens extending from the line of four are captured.
Rules of engagement (ROE) are the internal rules or directives among military forces (including individuals) that define the circumstances, conditions, degree, and manner in which the use of force, or actions which might be construed as provocative, may be applied.
They provide authorization for and/or limits on, among other things, the use of force and the employment of certain specific capabilities.
Rules of engagement do not normally dictate how a result is to be achieved, but will indicate what measures may be unacceptable.
While ROE is used in both domestic and international operations by some militaries, ROE is not used for domestic operations in the United States.
Instead, the use of force by the U.S. military in such situations is governed by Rules for the Use of Force (RUF).
The International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy conducts rules of engagement training course at least once per year, usually in September.
Similar training by the San Remo ROE drafting team is conducted for the United Nations, staff colleges and other organizations as requested.
Hence, compendia in ROE Handbooks, such as the San Remo Handbook, only provide ROE options that can comply with international law.
Insofar as ROE generally regulate the amount or type of force that can be used in a given circumstance, ROE violations are typically related to the use of excessive or unauthorized force or actions.
Violations of the laws of armed conflict, on the other hand, consist of violations of the treaties and customary law that make up the laws of armed conflict.
If, in peacetime, an individual uses force in self defence, or in the defence of others, then attention must be turned to whether or not that force was reasonable and necessary in the circumstances.
CITV's studios are located on Allard Way Northwest in the Pleasantview neighbourhood of Edmonton, and its transmitter is located just off of Highway 21, southeast of the city.
The station carries the full Global network schedule, and its programming is similar to Global owned-and-operated sister station CICT-TV in Calgary.
This station can also be seen on Shaw Cable (corporate sister through parent company Shaw Communications) channel 8, Bell TV channel 240.
On Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 339 (Classic) or 021 (Advanced), and in high definition on channel 011 (Classic) or 511 (Advanced).
There is also a high definition feed available on Shaw Cable digital channel 211 and Telus Optik TV channel 104 (HD) and channel 9104 (SD).
In 1991, Allarcom was purchased by Western International Communications' WIC Television division, which in turn was purchased by Canwest Global Communications in 1999.
CITV joined the Global Television Network on September 4, 2000, along with fellow Alberta stations CICT in Calgary and CISA in Lethbridge, but CICT had been carrying Global's programming since 1988.
Beginning in 1981, CITV became a national superstation, being offered on most cable television systems across the country through the Cancom (now Shaw Broadcast Services) service for Canadian cable television providers too distant to receive most over-the-air television signals.
It is still carried on satellite television nationwide through Bell TV and Shaw Direct, as well as on several cable systems across Canada outside Alberta, including in all of Newfoundland and Labrador and some areas of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, British Columbia and the Yukon.
CITV presently broadcasts 43 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with seven hours on weekdays, and five hours each on Saturdays and Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the highest local newscast output out of any English-language television station in the Edmonton market.
Both CHED (which is owned by Corus Entertainment) and Shaw Media-owned CITV are owned by the Shaw family, but are operated as separate businesses.
On November 15, 2010, CITV became the first television station in Alberta to begin broadcasting its locally produced programming in high definition.
On August 27, 2012, CITV-DT expanded its weekday morning newscast to four hours, with the addition of a half-hour; in addition on September 2, 2012, the station expanded its Sunday morning newscast to three hours with an additional hour.
The expansions to CITV's morning news programming was part of a benefits package that was included as a condition of the sale of the Global Television Network to Shaw Communications.
On August 31, 2011, when Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts, the station's digital signal relocated from channel 47 to VHF channel 13.
Submarine warfare is one of the four divisions of underwater warfare, the others being anti-submarine warfare, mine warfare and mine countermeasures.
Submarine warfare consists primarily of diesel and nuclear submarines using torpedoes, missiles or nuclear weapons, as well as advanced sensing equipment, to attack other submarines, ships, or land targets.
The first sinking of an enemy ship by a submarine occurred on 17 February 1864, when the Confederate submarine , a privateer sank the sloop in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.
Submarine warfare in World War I was primarily a fight between German and Austro-Hungarian U-boats and supply convoys bound for the United Kingdom, France, and Russia.
Admiral Henning von Holtzendorff (1853–1919), chief of the admiralty staff, argued successfully in January 1917 to resume the attacks and thus starve the British.
The German high command realized the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare meant war with the United States but calculated that American mobilization would be too slow to stop a German victory on the Western Front.
All participants were supposed to abide by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, but this was found to be impracticable for submarines.
Initially, German submarines did attempt to comply with the prize rules, but later switched to unrestricted submarine warfare following the British introduction of Q-ships with concealed deck guns.
American diplomatic pressure forced the Germans to stop this for a while, but in January 1917 Germany declared a war zone around the British Isles and sank up to a quarter of shipping entering it, until escorted convoys were introduced.
This was not legitimized until the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935, under which the UK accepted German parity in submarine numbers with the Royal Navy.
In the Atlantic, where German submarines again sought out and attacked Allied convoys, this part of the war was very reminiscent of the latter part of World War I.
Many British submarines were active as well, particularly in the Mediterranean and off Norway, against Axis warships, submarines and merchant shipping.
By war's end, US submarines had destroyed over half of all Japanese merchant ships, totaling well over five million tons of shipping.
However, following a doctrine that concentrated on attacking warships, rather than more-vulnerable merchantmen, the smaller Japanese fleet proved ineffectual in the long term, while suffering heavy losses to Allied anti-submarine measures.
Italian submarines and one German submarine operated in the Pacific Ocean, but never enough to be an important factor, inhibited by distance and difficult relations with their Japanese ally.
Since the Second World War, several wars, such as the Korean War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Falklands War, have involved limited use of submarines.
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union played what was described as a 'cat-and-mouse' game of detecting and even trailing enemy submarines.
As the likelihood of unrestricted submarine warfare has diminished, thinking about conventional submarines has focused on their use against surface warship.
The development of new air independent propulsion methods has meant that the diesel-electric submarine's need to surface, making it vulnerable, has been reduced.
Nuclear submarines, although far larger, could generate their own air and water for an extended duration, meaning their need to surface was limited in any case.
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force has launched new models of submarines every few years; South Korea has upgraded the already capable Type 209() design from Germany and sold copies to Indonesia.
Russia has improved the old Soviet Kilo model into what strategic analysts are calling equivalent to the 1980s-era , and so on.
However, thinking about importance of the submarine has shifted to an even more strategic role, with the advent of the nuclear ballistic missile submarine carrying Submarine-launched ballistic missiles with nuclear weapons to provide second strike capability.
The television series airs on the American television network Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of houses over a number of weeks.
Boston PBS station WGBH-TV originally created the program and produced it from its inception in 1979 until 2001 when Time Inc. acquired the television assets and formed This Old House Ventures.
WGBH also distributed episodes to PBS until 2019 when WETA-TV became the distributor starting with the first episode of season 41.
In 2016, Time Inc. sold This Old House Ventures to executive Eric Thorkilsen and private equity firm TZP Growth Partners (although it will continue to have a special partnership deal with its former parent company).
Other underwriters throughout the show's tenure included Parks Corporation, Glidden paints, Montgomery Ward, Ace Hardware, Kohler plumbing, Schlage locks, Century 21 Real Estate, Toro lawnmowers/snowblowers, ERA Real Estate, Angie's List, Mitsubishi Electric, and Lumber Liquidators, Inc. Two of the original underwriters were Weyerhauser and Owens-Corning.
As such, it was initially controversial among building contractors, and the cast was afraid that they were giving away secrets of the building trades.
Although WGBH acquired the first two project houses (6 Percival Street in Dorchester and the Bigelow House in Newton) for renovation, the series then focused on renovating older houses, including those of modest size and value, with the homeowners doing some of the work, as a form of sweat equity.
The series covering the renovation of the Westwood house (Weatherbee Farm) became something of a cult classic because of an escalating dispute between the hosts, Vila and Abram, and the homeowners over the direction the project was taking.
As the show evolved, it began to focus on higher-end, luxury homes with more of the work done by expert contractors and tradespeople.
According to news reporter Barbara Beck, Vila was fired by WGBH Boston over making TV commercials for Rickel Home Centers, Home Depot's competitor.
Cast members later complained that Vila took up too much screen time, and noted that the show became more of an ensemble production after he left.
In at least a couple of season opening episodes (Cambridge, Carlisle, and Austin), Abram has appeared with O'Connor to introduce the new project.
To celebrate the 40th season in 2019, a retrospective and revisit of some of the more notable projects was incorporated into a handful of episodes with some of the original homeowners providing tours.
Most of the questions are answered in the loft, but one or two homeowners in each episode receive a visit from one of the show's tradesmen.
In both versions, after the van pulls into the barn driveway, the footage cuts to Trethewey handing out the coffees to the other three regulars.
Published 8 times per year, the magazine has a circulation of over 950,000 and reaches nearly 6 million consumers each month.
As of April 1, 2016, Susan Wyland, best known for her tenure on Time Inc.’s Real Simple magazine, became the magazine's editor in chief, replacing Scott Omelianuk, who had been editor for 12 years.
The website also serves as the online destination for the television show and includes bios on the cast and information on all of the home projects, and live webcams of the current house projects.
Tim Allen played Tim Taylor, a character inspired by Bob Vila, while Richard Karn portrayed Al Borland, a character based on Norm Abram.
On one occasion, he put a gown in a washing machine and it came out as the shirt he was wearing currently.
Group marriage is a non-monogamous marriage-like arrangement where three or more adults live together, all considering themselves partners, sharing finances, children, and household responsibilities.
Depending on the sexual orientations of the individuals involved, all adults in the group marriage may be sexual partners of all others with whom they are compatible.
The group may be open to taking on new partners, but only if all members of the family agree to accept the new person as a partner.
The most common form of group marriage appears to be a triad of two women and one man, or less often two men and one woman.
In most countries, it is not explicitly illegal for three or more people to form and share a sexual relationship (subject sometimes to laws against homosexuality), though such relational forms risk running afoul of state or local ordinances banning unmarried cohabitation.
Nor do they give strong and equal legal protection (e.g., of rights relating to children) to non-married partners — the legal regime is not comparable to that applied to married couples.
Individuals involved in polyamorous relationships are considered by the law to be no different from people who live together or date under other circumstances.
Noyes taught that he and his followers, having reached 200 in number, had thus undergone sanctification; that is, it was impossible for them to sin, and that for the sanctified, marriage (along with private property) was abolished as an expression of jealousy and exclusiveness.
Any given male-female combination in the group was free to have sex, usually upon the man's asking the woman, and this was the common practice for many years.
In several of her Hainish Cycle stories, Ursula Le Guin describes a type of four-person marriage known as a sedoretu, practiced on the planet O.
In this arrangement, two men and two women are married to each other, but each member of the marriage has a sexual relationship only with one male and one female spouse.
In James Alan Gardner's book Vigilant (novel) the protagonist is part of a group marriage with multiple men and women involved.
Cape Hatteras Light is a lighthouse located on Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks in the town of Buxton, North Carolina and is part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.
The Outer Banks are a group of barrier islands on the North Carolina coast that separate the Atlantic Ocean from the coastal sounds and inlets.
Atlantic currents in this area made for excellent travel for ships, except in the area of Diamond Shoals, just offshore at Cape Hatteras.
Nearby, the warm Gulf Stream ocean current collides with the colder Labrador Current, creating ideal conditions for powerful ocean storms and sea swells.
Since its base is almost at sea level, it is only the 15th highest light in the United States, the first 14 being built on higher ground.
Adjacent to the Cape Hatteras Light is the Hatteras Island Visitor Center and Museum of the Sea, operated by the National Park Service, which is located in the historic Cape Hatteras Lighthouse Double Keepers' Quarters.
In 1848 the 18 lamps were changed to 15 lamps with reflectors and the light had become visible in clear weather at a distance of .
In 1854 a first-order Fresnel lens with flashing white light was substituted for the old reflecting apparatus, and the tower was raised to .
At the behest of mariners and officers of the U.S. Navy, Congress appropriated $80,000 to the United States Lighthouse Board to construct a new beacon at Cape Hatteras in 1868.
The Light-House Board was a federal agency under the direction of the Treasury Department but was headed by a multi-agency committee.
The Board consisted of two Army Engineers, two Navy officers, two civilian scientists, and one additional officer from both the Army and Navy to serve as secretaries.
Congress established the Board in 1852 for the purpose of creating a unified, continuous system of navigational aides along the coasts.
Under the Light-House Board, Navy officers determined where new lighthouses were needed; Army Engineers selected exact locations, designed, and built them; and civilian scientists developed new technologies and techniques for displaying bright, consistent beacons.
Completed in just under two years under the direction of brevet Brigadier General J. H. Simpson of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the new Cape Hatteras lighthouse cost $167,000.
The new tower, from which the first-order light was first exhibited on December 16, 1871, was the tallest brick lighthouse tower in the world.
The old tower was demolished in February 1871, leaving ruins that lasted until finally eroded away in a storm in 1980.
Cracks subsequently appeared in the masonry walls, which was remedied by placing a metal rod to connect the iron work of the tower with an iron disk sunk in the ground.
Ever since the completion of the new tower in 1870, there had begun a very gradual encroachment of the sea upon the beach.
This did not become serious, however, until 1919, when the high water line had advanced to about 120 ft (36.5) from the base of the tower.
Since that time the surf gnawed steadily toward the base of the tower until 1935, when the site was finally reached by the surf.
In 1935, therefore, the tower light was replaced by an Aerobeacon atop a four-legged steel skeleton tower, placed farther back from the sea on a sand dune above the sea, visible for .
The Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration erected a series of wooden revetments which checked the wash that was carrying away the beach.
In 1942, when German U-Boats began attacking ships just offshore, the Coast Guard resumed its control over the brick tower and manned it as a lookout station until 1945.
By then, due to accretion of sand on the beach, the brick tower was 500 to inland from the sea and again tenable as a site for the light, which was placed back in commission January 23, 1950.
The steel skeleton tower, known as the Buxton Woods Tower, was retained by the Coast Guard in the event that the brick tower again became endangered by erosion requiring that the light again be moved.
Another lighthouse, with helical markings—red and white 'candy cane stripe'-- is the White Shoal Light (Michigan), which is the only true 'barber pole' lighthouse in the United States.
Today the Coast Guard owns and operates the navigational equipment, while the National Park Service maintains the tower as a historic structure.
The Hatteras Island Visitor Center, formerly the Double Keepers Quarters located next to the lighthouse, elaborates on the Cape Hatteras story and the lifestyle on the Outer Banks.
Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, tallest in the United States, stands from the bottom of the foundation to the peak of the roof.
In 1999, with the sea again encroaching, the Cape Hatteras lighthouse had to be moved from its original location at the edge of the ocean to safer ground.
International Chimney Corp. of Buffalo, New York was awarded the contract to move the lighthouse, assisted by, among other contractors, Expert House Movers.
The move was controversial at the time with speculation that the structure would not survive the move, resulting in lawsuits that were later dismissed.
General contractor International Chimney and Expert House Movers won the 40th Annual Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award from the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1999.
The four sights are four events described in the legendary account of Gautama Buddha's life which led to his realization of the impermanence and ultimate dissatisfaction of conditioned existence.
According to this legend, before these encounters Gautama Siddhartha had been confined to his palace by his father, who feared that he would become an ascetic if he came into contact with sufferings of life according to a prediction.
However, his first venture out of the palace affected him deeply and made him realize the sufferings of all humans, and compelled him to begin his spiritual journey as a wandering ascetic, which eventually led to his enlightenment.
While seven of them declared that the prince would either be a Buddha or a great King, the Brahmin Kaundinya was confident that he would renounce the world and become a Buddha.
Śuddhodana, who was determined that his son should be a great king, confined the prince within the palace and surrounded him with earthly pleasures and luxury, thereby concealing the realities of life that might encourage him to renounce these pleasures and become an ascetic.
After leading a sheltered existence surrounded by luxury and pleasure in his younger years, Prince Siddhārtha ventured out of his palace for the first time at the age of 29.
Once again, the prince was surprised at the sight, and Channa explained that all beings are subject to disease and pain.
After seeing these three sights, Siddhārtha was troubled in his mind and sorrowful about the sufferings that have to be endured in life.
After seeing these three negative sights, Siddhārtha came upon the fourth sight, an ascetic who had devoted himself to finding the cause of human suffering.
This sight gave him hope that he too might be released from the sufferings arising from being repeatedly reborn, and he resolved to follow the ascetic's example.
The sight of this drastic change strengthened his resolve to leave in search of an end to the suffering of beings.
After this incident and realizing the true nature of life after observing the four sights, Siddhārtha left the palace on his horse Kanthaka, accompanied only by Channa.
He sent Channa back with his possessions and began an ascetic life, at the end of which he attained enlightenment as Gautama Buddha.
He tried to discipline his body by fasting, but he realized that by doing this, he would die before he reached enlightenment.
In the early Pali suttas, the four sights as concrete encounters were not mentioned with respect to the historical Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama.
The renunciant is a depiction of the Sramana movement, which was popular at the time of Siddhārtha and which he consequently joined.
In the early Pali sources, the legendary account of the four sights is only described with respect to a previous legendary Buddha Vipassī (Mahāpadāna Sutta, DN 14).
Some versions of the story also say that the prince's father had the route beautified and guarded to ensure that he does not see anything that might turn his thoughts towards suffering.
His father, after losing two other children (Alexander's sister Nina died at childhood from sarcoma and his brother Vasiliy, a veterinary student, drowned during a boat trip), wanted him to continue the family tradition and enrolled Alexander into Smolensk seminary.
While he studied law his father died and he had to support his mother and other family by giving lessons and writing for theater.
In that period his finances markedly improved, and he traveled around the world extensively as a vacation after each successful case.
During his convalescence, he read the work of Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and began to write poetry in his hospital bed.
He served a brief stint as a police inspector, tried other odd jobs such as a librarian, but life remained difficult, and in 1923 he moved to Moscow where he started to practice law again, as a consultant for various Soviet organizations.
From 1931 he lived in Leningrad with his wife and oldest daughter; his youngest daughter died of meningitis in 1930, aged six.
At the beginning of the German invasion of the Soviet Union during the Second World War he refused to evacuate because he was recovering after an operation that he had undergone a few months earlier.
A memorial stone at the Kazanskoe cemetery in the town of Pushkin is placed on the mass grave where his body is assumed to be buried.
Due to this, after the war, Soviets treated them as collaborators: they were exiled to Barnaul (Western Siberia) and lived there for 11 years.
According to the Soviet copyright law in effect until 1964, Belyaev's works entered the public domain 15 years after his death.
With the adoption of Part IV of the Civil Code of Russia in 2004, copyright protection was extended to 70 years after the author's death, and by an additional 4 years for authors who worked or fought during the Great Patriotic War.
In 2008, Terra publishing company acquired exclusive rights to print Belyaev's works from his heirs, and proceeded to sue Astrel and AST-Moskva publishing companies (both part of AST) for violating those exclusive rights.
On further appeal, a federal arbitration court found that Belyaev's works entered the public domain on 1 January 1993, and could not enjoy copyright protection at all.
Finally, in 2011 the Supreme Court of Arbitration of Russia found that Belyaev's works are protected by copyright until 1 January 2017 due to his activity during the Great Patriotic War, and remanded the case to lower courts for retrial.
It is widespread in the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic, from North Africa to Norway and Iceland, and is a gastronomic delicacy.
Scampi is now the only extant species in the genus Nephrops, after several other species were moved to the closely related genus Metanephrops.
Monkfish tail was formerly sometimes used and sold as scampi in the United Kingdom, contravening the Fish Labelling (Amendment) England Regulation 2005 and Schedule 1 of the Food Labelling Regulations 1996.
It is widely available in supermarkets and restaurants and considered pub or snack food , although factors reducing Scottish fishing catches generally (such as bad weather) can affect its availability.
As military commander in the biblical Book of Judges, Barak, with Deborah, from the Tribe of Ephraim, the prophet and fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel, defeated the Canaanite armies led by Sisera.
Chapter 4 makes the chief enemy Jabin, king of Hazor (present Tell el-Qedah, about three miles southwest of Hula Basin), though a prominent part is played by his commander-in-chief, Sisera of Harosheth-ha-goiim (possibly Tell el-'Amr, approximately northwest of Megiddo).
Deborah summoned Barak, the son of Abinoam, from his home at Kedesh in Naphtali, and ordered him, in the name of YHWH, to take ten thousand men to Mount Tabor.
Here he was attacked, as Deborah had expected, by Sisera, whose forces were put to flight, and the greater part of them were slain by Barak's army.
Most authorities believe this passage refers to Jael's killing of Sisera in her tent following the battle, while others believe this refers to Deborah herself.
In the battle at Mount Tabor, a cloudburst occurred, causing the river to flood, thus limiting the maneuverability of the Canaanite chariots.
Jael gave a drink of milk to Sisera, who fell asleep from weariness, then killed him by pounding a tent peg through his head.
Barak is also made reference to in chapter 28 of 1 Meqabyan, a book considered canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
His half-Brachen demon physiology grants him the ability to shift from normal human to demonic appearance, in which he has heightened sense of smell and superior strength, speed, stamina, and dexterity, the last of which allows him to twist his head around in such a manner as to fake a broken neck.
Doyle never knew his father or anyone on that side of his family, and his own demonic genes didn't physically manifest themselves until he was 21 years old.
Doyle hid behind the flimsy veneer of a ne'er-do-well hustler and con artist, seemingly more interested in where his next drink was coming from than helping others.
Later, he was approached by a fellow Brachen demon, Lucas, who told Doyle that the Scourge, a militant group of pure blood demons, was after all half-breeds and begged for Doyle's help.
Doyle soon falls in love with Cordelia, but is afraid she will reject him upon finding out about his demonic heritage, especially when she makes it clear on multiple occasions that she considers many demons evil.
He also forms a close, brotherly bond with Angel as the result of their shared Irish heritage and similar demonic backgrounds, although his combat skills were limited due to his dislike of his demon half, which meant that he rarely transformed despite the greater strength he possessed in that form.
Despite Doyle's reluctance to discuss his past, Angel and Cordelia learn about him when Harriet returns to his life, wanting a divorce so she can marry an Ano-Movic demon named Richard Howard Straley, though she ultimately calls off the engagement after learning that obtaining the blessing of the Straley clan would require Richard to kill Doyle by eating his brain.
Before Doyle dies, he shares a passionate kiss with Cordelia (who had only recently learned of – and accepted – Doyle's demonic heritage).
Having learned of his son's death, Doyle's father- a full Brachen demon called Axtius, possessing sufficient strength to even go head-to-head with Angel in a fight- sends several demons to attack Harry, sending her to the hospital, and subsequently attempts to kill Angel, blaming him for his son's 'foolish attempt to save a pack of pitiful half-breeds'.
In their final confrontation, Angel defeats Axtius when unarmed despite Axtius wielding a powerful mystical weapon, taunting the Brachen by saying that he would have been ashamed of Doyle's very human act of sacrifice and redemption, Axtius subsequently being incinerated by his former second-in-command for his failure.
The Norland was a P&O roll-on/roll-off ferry operating between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire, UK, and Rotterdam Europoort, Netherlands, and then Zeebrugge, Belgium.
She was seen in the BBC TV Only Fools and Horses episode To Hull and Back, when the Trotter family used her as a means of navigation.
A Progressive Conservative, he was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1985, and held the office of Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Burlington until his resignation on September 28, 2006 to run for mayor of Burlington in the 2006 election.
Before entering politics, he was the Chief Executive Officer of the Metropolitan Hamilton Real Estate Board, and also worked for the Halton Housing Authority from 1975 to 1980.
Jackson was elected for the riding of Burlington South in the provincial election of 1985, defeating Liberal candidate Doug Redfearn by about 4,500 votes.
He was a backbench supporter of the government of Frank Miller, which was defeated in the legislature shortly after the election.
The Progressive Conservatives returned to power in the 1995 provincial election, and Jackson was re-elected in Burlington South with over 70% of the popular vote.
He was made a Minister without Portfolio in the government of Mike Harris on June 26, 1995, with responsibility for the Workers Compensation Board.
He was named Minister of Citizenship with responsibility for Seniors on February 8, 2001, but returned to the Tourism portfolio (now retitled Tourism and Recreation) when Ernie Eves succeeded Mike Harris as Premier on April 15, 2002.
He was forced to resign on October 2, 2002 due to a controversy over his practice of billing the government for steak dinners and hotel stays.
Jackson was fully exonerated of all allegations before the next election, and did retain his riding in the 2003 election (albeit with a greatly reduced majority) while dozens of other Tory MPPs lost their seats.
There had been speculation that Jackson would run to succeed Eves in the 2004 Ontario Progressive Conservative leadership election but in July, Jackson endorsed John Tory's candidacy for the position of party leader.
A backlink for a given web resource is a link from some other website (the referrer) to that web resource (the referent).
The quantity, quality, and relevance of backlinks for a web page are among the factors that search engines like Google evaluate in order to estimate how important the page is.
PageRank calculates the score for each web page based on how all the web pages are connected among themselves, and is one of the variables that Google Search uses to determine how high a web page should go in search results.
A Topical PageRank has been researched and implemented as well, which gives more weight to backlinks coming from the page of a same topic as a target page.
Backlinks are offered in Wikis, but usually only within the bounds of the Wiki itself and enabled by the database backend.
Search engines often use the number of backlinks that a website has as one of the most important factors for determining that website's search engine ranking, popularity and importance.
Knowledge of this form of search engine rankings has fueled a portion of the SEO industry commonly termed linkspam, where a company attempts to place as many inbound links as possible to their site regardless of the context of the originating site.
The significance of search engine rankings is pretty high, and it is regarded as a crucial parameter in online business and the conversion rate of visitors to any website, particularly when it comes to online shopping.
Blog commenting, guest blogging, article submission, press release distribution, social media engagements, and forum posting can be used to increase backlinks.
Some methods are free for use by everyone whereas some methods, like linkbaiting, require quite a bit of planning and marketing to work.
If both sites and pages have content geared toward the topic, the backlink is considered relevant and believed to have strong influence on the search engine rankings of the web page granted the backlink.
Anchor text and webpage content congruency are highly weighted in search engine results page (SERP) rankings of a webpage with respect to any given keyword query by a search engine user.
While some backlinks might be from sources containing highly valuable metrics, they could also be unrelated to the consumer's query or interest.
An example of this would be a link from a popular shoe blog (with valuable metrics) to a site selling vintage pencil sharpeners.
This term, originally coined by fans of the TV series, has since been used in the titles of published works, and adopted by Joss Whedon, the creator of the fictional universe.
The Buffyverse is a place in which supernatural phenomena exist, and supernatural evil can be challenged by people willing to fight against such forces.
The Buffyverse is distinguished from the real world in that it contains supernatural elements, though only a small proportion of the human population is aware of this.
In regards to the presentation of morality, many aspects of the Buffyverse are introduced as good or evil and are usually treated as such, though certain instances are often forced into more ambiguous grey areas.
According to legend in the Buffyverse, the last Old One to leave this dimension fed off a human and their blood mixed.
In the Buffyverse, werewolf characters are shown to have an animal side which either complements or clashes with their human side.
They transform not only on the full moon of each month, but the day before and the day after as well.
Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics).
Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such.
The line of Slayers is maintained until Buffy's two deaths and revivals cause a disturbance in the Slayer line that ultimately leads to the awakening of the First Evil.
The Slayer is given great strength, lightning reflexes, fast healing powers and is highly skilled with many weapons and martial arts.
The Watchers' Council historically offers guidance to the Slayer, assisting them by supervising their training and by researching existing and possible demonic or supernatural threats.
And, although some of their methods and goals proved questionable, a government-funded group known as The Initiative was also aware of the existence of demons and was fighting a secret war against them.
Other large scale groups appear in both Buffy and Angel, often as antagonists to the heroes due to differing views on how to fight the good fight.
A witch can inherit their lineage from their parents or develop their craft over many years, and neither a witch nor warlock must necessarily be human, such as Cyvus Vail.
While not prominent in the Buffyverse, there are individuals who gain special powers through means other than the ones mentioned above.
Connor (Angel) is also a human with supernatural powers, similar to those of vampires, because he was born as a product of two vampire parents.
Technology in the Buffyverse is more advanced than in the real world at the time it was produced, although the applications of it do not seem to be common knowledge.
Siaka Probyn Stevens (24 August 1905 – 29 May 1988) was the leader of Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985, serving as Prime Minister from 1967 to 1971 and as President from 1971 to 1985.
Stevens and his All People's Congress (APC) party won the closely contested 1967 Sierra Leone general elections over incumbent Prime Minister Sir Albert Margai of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP).
In April 1971, Stevens made Sierra Leone a republic and became president a day after the constitution had been ratified by the Parliament of Sierra Leone.
He was the second President of the Republic after Christopher Okoro Cole, a judge, who was sworn in for a day after which he resigned, paving the way for Stevens.
Stevens served as Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) from 1 July 1980 to 24 June 1981 and engineered the creation of the Mano River Union, a three-country economic federation of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea.
After pressuring all other potential successors to step aside, he chose Major-General Joseph Saidu Momoh, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces, as his successor.
Siaka Probyn Stevens was born on 24 August 1905 in Moyamba, Moyamba District in the Southern Province of British Sierra Leone to a Limba father and a Mende mother.
Stevens completed his primary education in Freetown and completed secondary school at Albert Academy in Freetown, before joining the Sierra Leone Police Force.
From 1931 to 1946, he worked on the construction of the Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) railway, linking the Port of Pepel with the iron ore mines at Marampa.
In 1943, he helped co-found the United Mine Workers Union and was appointed to the Protectorate Assembly in 1946 to represent worker interests.
In 1957, he was elected to the House of Representatives as a member for Port Loko constituency, but lost his seat as a result of an election petition.
APC was founded in 1963/64 when he visited East Germany, with Sheku Magona and Kade Kamara, with Kade Kamara going to China to getting the seed money for the start of the party.
After disagreements with the SLPP leadership, Stevens broke ties with the party and co-founded the People's National Party (PNP), of which he was the first secretary-general and deputy leader.
When the talks concluded, however, he was the only delegate who refused to sign the agreement on the grounds that there had been a secret defence pact between Sierra Leone and the United Kingdom.
Another point of contention was the Sierra Leonean government's position that there would be no elections held before independence, which would effectively shut him out of the political process.
After successfully exploiting the disenchantment of northern and eastern ethnic groups with the SLPP, along with the creation of an alliance with the Sierra Leone Progressive Independence Movement (SLPIM), He was one of the 8TH member's of the APC after it was formed on 20 March 1960.
The All People's Congress is one of the two major political parties in Sierra Leone, the other is the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP).
The party was founded in 1960 by a breakaway group from the Sierra Leone People's Party who vehemently opposed the idea of an election before independence, but instead supported the idea of independence before elections.
The All People's Congress (APC) was formed at 5 Elba Street, Freetown, and they consisted of the late Alhaji Chief Mucktarru Kallay, First chairman and Leader and who gave the name and the symbol.
Kamara-Taylor, First Secretary General, Alhaji Sheik Gibril Sesay, Treasurer, Kawusu Konte, Organiser, S A T Koroma, Public Relations, Kotor AbuBakarr Sam Bangura, The Artist, drawings of the Symbol, first seventh and later add six to thirteen.
Albert Margai who would later return to the SLPP and become Prime Minister, and Siaka P. Stevens who would also later become Prime Minister and subsequently President of Sierra Leone.
The APC governed the country from 1968 to 1992, and became the ruling party again in 2007, after the party presidential candidate Ernest Bai Koroma won the 2007 Sierra Leone presidential election.
In elections held on 17 March 1967, the APC won by an extremely narrow margin, and Stevens was appointed Prime Minister, but he was arrested in only an astonishing several minutes after taking office during a military coup.
Due to the complex process of ending the monarchy, Chief Justice Christopher Okoro Cole became interim governor general in late March.
The polls were marred by violence and were boycotted by the SLPP, which gave the APC all 85 seats in the House of Representatives.
Throughout the remainder of the 1970s, Stevens continued to consolidate his power, which culminated in a 1978 referendum on a new constitution that would create a one-party state with the APC as the only legally permitted party.
On 12 June, 97.1% of voters were reported to have voted for the new one-party constitution, an implausibly high total that could have only been obtained by massive fraud.
Following the election, all opposition members of the House of Representatives were required to join Stevens's APC or lose their seats.
President Stevens served as Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) from 1 July 1980 to 24 June 1981, and engineered the creation of the Mano River Union, a three country economic federation of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea.
The Internal Security Unit, a gang of unemployed urban youths amply supplied with drugs, was deployed as Stevens' personal death squad.
He had actually shown a deep authoritarian streak long before making Sierra Leone an official one-party state; the late 1960s and early 1970s saw frequent states of emergency and numerous executions of political foes.
Among his close associates sent to the gallows were John Amadu Bangura, who had once plucked Stevens from political oblivion when the army obliterated civilian politics after the 1967 Huha elections; at that time, Stevens had been down and out, living in exile in Conakry, Guinea, with his main remaining option, a planned assault on the sovereignty of Sierra Leone and her citizens.
Although he had retired by the time of the Sierra Leone Civil War in 1991, the impact of his political, social, and economic policies directly contributed to that conflict.
After pressuring all other potential successors to step aside, Major-General Joseph Saidu Momoh was sworn in as the new President of the Republic.
Adams was a boxer and bouncer before entering the pornographic film industry in the early 1980s, shortly after his sister Amber Lynn began her adult film career.
He died at Northridge Hospital Medical Center, Los Angeles, with his daughter Christa, his sister Amber Lynn, and his close friend Harold Jenkins at his side.
On October 15, 1969, while paying a visit to the city, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards.
His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on October 21, 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition — essentially a bloodless takeover.
The former bases its claim due to the kinship ties between the Dhulbahante clan and the dominant clan in Puntland, the Majerteen.
In 2018, there were clashes between Puntland and Somaliland in the town of Tukaraq in which the Puntland vowed to recapture Las Anod.
The city is almost surrounded by hills and has considerable water resources, the latter of which makes it a prime destination for peoples from other parts of generally arid Somaliland as well as from neighboring countries such as Somalia, Djibouti and Ethiopia.
Currently there are 6 Primary Schools in the city of Las Anod; Golkhatumo, Gateway, Abyan, Ilays, Imamu Shafi and Sool primary schools.
There are also a number of academic institutions in Las Anod which provide diverse education services such as Sool Institute of Heath Sciences (SIHS), Al-Furqan Islamic Institute, Sahal Software College, Future Technology Center etc.
The area around the city is rich in livestock, while mobile phone and money transfer services provide almost 40% of tax revenues.
Among these sites are Goolad, Dhiif Hotel, Laba Qow, Geedka Jacaylka, Masjid Jama, Ataash Hotel, Royal, Hotel Hamdi, Durdurka, Darayda, Abdi Bille Football Stadium, Hills of Hilble, and Hills of Sayidka.
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.
Both α and β tubulins have a mass of around 50 kDa and are thus in a similar range compared to actin (with a mass of ~42 kDa).
This GTPase protein domain is found in all eukaryotic tubulin chains, as well as the bacterial protein TubZ, the archaeal protein CetZ, and the FtsZ protein family widespread in Bacteria and Archaea.
In eukaryotes, microtubules are one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, and function in many processes, including structural support, intracellular transport, and DNA segregation.
To form microtubules, the dimers of α- and β-tubulin bind to GTP and assemble onto the (+) ends of microtubules while in the GTP-bound state.
The β-tubulin subunit is exposed on the plus end of the microtubule while the α-tubulin subunit is exposed on the minus end.
After the dimer is incorporated into the microtubule, the molecule of GTP bound to the β-tubulin subunit eventually hydrolyzes into GDP through inter-dimer contacts along the microtubule protofilament.
Whether the β-tubulin member of the tubulin dimer is bound to GTP or GDP influences the stability of the dimer in the microtubule.
Dimers bound to GTP tend to assemble into microtubules, while dimers bound to GDP tend to fall apart; thus, this GTP cycle is essential for the dynamic instability of the microtubule.
FtsZ is found in nearly all Bacteria and Archaea, where it functions in cell division, localizing to a ring in the middle of the dividing cell and recruiting other components of the divisome, the group of proteins that together constrict the cell envelope to pinch off the cell, yielding two daughter cells.
Class III β-tubulin is a microtubule element expressed exclusively in neurons, and is a popular identifier specific for neurons in nervous tissue.
It is expressed exclusively in megakaryocytes and platelets in humans and appears to play an important role in the formation of platelets.
When class VI β-tubulin were expressed in mammalian cells, they cause disruption of microtubule network, microtubule fragment formation, and can ultimately cause marginal-band like structures present in megakaryocytes and platelets.
Katanin is a protein complex that severs microtubules at β-tubulin subunits, and is necessary for rapid microtubule transport in neurons and in higher plants.
In these organelles, several γ-tubulin and other protein molecules are found in complexes known as γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs), which chemically mimic the (+) end of a microtubule and thus allow microtubules to bind.
γ-tubulin also has been isolated as a dimer and as a part of a γ-tubulin small complex (γTuSC), intermediate in size between the dimer and the γTuRC.
γ-tubulin is the best understood mechanism of microtubule nucleation, but certain studies have indicated that certain cells may be able to adapt to its absence, as indicated by mutation and RNAi studies that have inhibited its correct expression.
Delta (δ) and epsilon (ε) tubulin have been found to localize at centrioles and may play a role in centriole structure and function, though neither is as well-studied as the α- and β- forms.
Their evolutionary relationship to eukaryotic tubulins is unclear, although they may have descended from a eukaryotic lineage by lateral gene transfer.
Nowadays there are many scientific investigations of the acetylation done in some microtubules, specially the one by α-tubulin N-acetyltransferase (ATAT1) which is being demonstrated to play an important role in many biological and molecular functions and, therefore, it is also associated with many human diseases, specially neurological diseases.
The album was the first after the break-up of the original five-piece Steely Dan; most of the original members had left during a rift over touring and recording schedules.
Donald Fagen and Walter Becker, who had been increasingly using session musicians in the studio on prior albums, continued on with numerous prominent Los Angeles–area studio musicians.
Band leaders Becker and Fagen were unhappy with the album's sound quality because of an equipment malfunction with the then-new dbx noise reduction system.
The group has claimed that the damage was mostly repaired after consulting with the engineers at dbx, but Fagen and Becker still refused to listen to the completed album.
He nonetheless admitted to playing the record frequently and named it the third best album of the year for the 1975 Pazz & Jop critics poll, where it finished sixth best.
Mendelsohn found the lyrics interesting but inscrutable, the musicianship tasteful and well-performed but not stimulating, and Fagen's singing unique-sounding but seemingly passionless.
It is an important urban, industrial, commercial and transportation center of the country, recognized as the fourth-largest city by population and area in Venezuela after Caracas, Maracaibo and Valencia.
Barquisimeto was founded in 1552 by Juan de Villegas, as a headquarters and to have better control of the territory believed to be rich in gold.
The second one was in the valley of the Turbio River where the city stayed until Lope de Aguirre burned it down in 1561.
Its rebuilding was made , but in 1562 they asked for permission to move to another site due to strong winds blowing in the place.
During the country's independence, Barquisimeto joined the liberation movement and its deputy José Ángel Álamo signed the Independence Act on July 5, 1811.
He fixed the streets and avenues and buildings were built, like the Jacinto Lara Headquarters, the Government Palace and the Ayacucho Park.
The Divina Pastora (Divine Shepherdess) is a statue of the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus, with a lamb at her side.
Divina Pastora is celebrated in a procession on January 14 of each year, when a massive Marian procession occurs, considered to be one of the largest in the world, attracting thousands of pilgrims.
The statue is removed from its shrine and is carried on the main streets of Barquisimeto in a procession which starts at the Iglesia de la Divina Pastora in Santa Rosa until it reaches the Barquisimeto Cathedral.
This procession occurs due to the devotion the people of Barquisimeto have towards it as gratitude towards saving the city from a cholera outbreak that occurred in the city in the 19th century.
Barquisimeto is located on the terrace of the same name, on the banks of the Turbio River, above sea level and a population of 930,000 inhabitants.
Barquisimeto is a city with a historic vocation by academic knowledge, and boasts a considerable sample of universities and institutes of higher education in Venezuela, has a high and growing student population from all over the country.
When construction began, in 2006, the system was projected to serve an average of 170,000 people per day when completed, using 80 trolleybuses operating along of exclusive lanes, across the metropolitan area.
With 52 stations, the BRT system is to include a centralized system of communication and security, and structures for easy access for elderly and disabled people.
It is to be complemented with feeder routes, covering the areas of Greater Barquisimeto the BRT line will not serve, which will connect with the main line at terminal stations.
Although 80 articulated trolleybuses were purchased from Neoplan and delivered around 2008–09, the plans to operate the Transbarca system with those vehicles were dropped in 2013.
In addition to reasons of cost, an inadequate supply of electricity with which to power the system was cited in the announcement of the decision.
The character is portrayed by J. August Richards, and was named by Whedon after filmmaker James Gunn and actor Sean Gunn, both of whom had worked with Whedon.
Gunn was born in the Badlands, a section of inner-city Los Angeles where the police would not go, and looked after his sister, Alonna, from a very young age.
Although he had a few brushes with the law, he acted as a modern day Robin Hood to keep the streets in his neighborhood safe.
In his teens (although now Gunn is in his early 20s), Gunn rose through the ranks to become the leader of a group of street-fighters who protect their turf from vampires using guerrilla tactics.
Possessing the mind of a military strategist and the strength of a brawler, life in the city hardened Gunn to the extent that his life became less important than the cause, resulting in him trading his soul for a truck in a deal with a demon named Jenoff when he was only seventeen, because he believed he had no future (cf.
Later on, a gang of vampires, who are at war with Gunn's group, attack their hideout, kidnapping several group members in the process, including Gunn's sister Alonna.
It is this loss that forces Gunn to question his own motives and become more receptive to Angel's help, realizing he cannot do everything alone.
Angel recognizes Gunn's strength and often calls on him if he needs back up in battle or if he needs protection for the people he cares about when he cannot protect them himself.
Gunn feels responsible for his friend's death, believing that it would not have happened if he had still been around to help in the fight.
Yet even in his grief, he realizes that he could not commit the same crime twice and allow Cordelia to suffer the same fate, so he joins Angel, Wesley, and Lorne to rescue her.
He realizes that his ties with his old life are gone and that his loyalty now lies with the vampire with a soul.
The guilt of what he had done for her plagues Fred and instead of bringing them closer together, it begins the rift that leads to the end of their relationship.
When Wolfram & Hart want to cut a deal to have Angel take over the L.A. branch, Gunn is led into the mysterious White Room where he is exposed to the mysterious conduit to the Senior Partners, who impresses Gunn with his immense power.
Feeling undervalued by his friends, Gunn submits to a procedure at the hands of Wolfram & Hart's Medical Department that enhances his mind with a comprehensive understanding of the law (and Gilbert & Sullivan, to help improve his voice and diction), making him the only member of Angel's team who can work inside the system seamlessly (cf.
When his mental abilities begin to diminish, Gunn, fearful of losing his new talents and respect, makes a pact with Dr. Sparrow and gets a permanent upgrade in exchange for signing to release an ancient curio stuck in customs.
He reveals that he blames Angel for his condition, believing he had allowed him to be turned, and that he intends to save L.A. to prove that one doesn't need a soul to be a champion.
As part of his plans, he kidnaps the psychic fish Betta George and imprisons him, forcing George to tap into his psychic ability to freeze Slayers in their tracks and contact people outside of Hell/Los Angeles.
In a later issue, he is seen making mystical plans; the intent is to have Angel come to the conclusion he sent Gunn to die, then Angel himself will die moments later.
As part of his revenge against Angel, Gunn destroys the Wolfram & Hart building, Angel's headquarters in the war with the Demon Lords, which also forces Wesley back to the Senior Partners for a short time.
Gunn later bears witness to Angel's defeat of the Lords, hanging back to ensure that not all of the people are slaughtered should Angel fail.
When Angel sees that Gunn thinks he is doing the right thing, Angel cautions him that the beast is the one in control, not him.
Gunn proceeds to remove all of the magic that had kept Angel alive, and realizes that Angel was actually now a human.
Ignoring this revelation, Gunn continues to attack his former friends, his team of Slayers apparently staking Spike- although Spike is later seen alive thanks to Illyria's timeslips- before he is kicked out of a window by Connor while trying to kill Angel again.
Confronting Illyria, he tricks her into transforming into Fred so that he can shoot her, reverting her to her true form in the hope that he can convince her to use her powers to rewind time so that the Fall never occurs, only for Illyria to vow to unmake time itself.
Realizing that the Senior Partners cannot allow him to die, Angel provokes Gunn into killing him, thus forcing the Senior Partners to reverse time to the original battle in the alleyway, giving Angel the opportunity to save Gunn before he is sired, the group subsequently taking Gunn to the hospital, where he falls into a coma.
Gunn seems to be recovering from his wound well, but was stated not to be ready to rejoin the team yet.
It is explained how he was cured so quickly from the attacks at the end of the series and he and Illyria come to a mutual agreement and strike a friendship of sorts.
In the end Illyria and Gunn take off to find adventure, slay demons, and find a new direction in their lives.
Gunn eventually returns to Angel Investigations, though he nonetheless faces multiple difficulties upon his return, as Spike and Connor still regard him as a traitor due to his actions in Hell and are distrustful of him.
When Connor takes over the leadership of Angel Investigations after Angel is captured by Innovation Labs, a biotech company seeking to duplicate Angel's status as an immortal with a soul, Gunn, while still loyal to Angel's mission, left the team due to escalating disagreements and arguments with Connor.
Gunn departs with the intent of starting his own crew and fighting the good fight his way, though he nonetheless intends to return when Angel is found.
However, his attempts to start anew are briefly halted when he is attacked by Eddie Hope, an ice-manipulating devil who has been hunting down people for crimes they committed while Los Angeles was in Hell, while at a diner.
In the Angel & Faith series Gunn reconvenes with Angel, Faith and Willow after they come to LA from London in the Family Reunion arc.
Gunn has been sending reports to Angel on Connor's normal life as well as updating him on the status of his other friends from LA.
By devouring a prophetic demon, Gunn also acquired its power to receive visions, which he believes come from the Powers but in fact come from the Senior Partners.
In the final episodes, Gunn comes full circle, returning to his roots, taking back his street clothes, and reawakening his purpose as a soldier in the fight against evil.
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs; ) are a group of about 50 rare inherited metabolic disorders that result from defects in lysosomal function.
Lysosomes are sacs of enzymes within cells that digest large molecules and pass the fragments on to other parts of the cell for recycling.
If one of these enzymes is defective, because of a mutation, the large molecules accumulate within the cell, eventually killing it.
Lysosomal storage disorders are caused by lysosomal dysfunction usually as a consequence of deficiency of a single enzyme required for the metabolism of lipids, glycoproteins (sugar-containing proteins), or so-called mucopolysaccharides.
Most of these disorders are autosomal recessively inherited such as Niemann–Pick disease, type C, but a few are X-linked recessively inherited, such as Fabry disease and Hunter syndrome (MPS II).
The lysosome is commonly referred to as the cell's recycling center because it processes unwanted material into substances that the cell can use.
In other words, when the lysosome does not function normally, excess products destined for breakdown and recycling are stored in the cell.
Although each disorder results from different gene mutations that translate into a deficiency in enzyme activity, they all share a common biochemical characteristic – all lysosomal disorders originate from an abnormal accumulation of substances inside the lysosome.
LSDs affect mostly children and they often die at a young age, many within a few months or years of birth.
Also, glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) is a defect in lysosomal metabolism as well, although it is otherwise classified into E74.0 in ICD-10.
Alternatively to the protein targets, LSDs may be classified by the type of protein that is deficient and is causing buildup.
The symptoms of LSD vary depending on the particular disorder and other variables such as the age of onset, and can be mild to severe.
The majority of patients are initially screened by enzyme assay, which is the most efficient method to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
No cures for lysosomal storage diseases are known, and treatment is mostly symptomatic, although bone marrow transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) have been tried with some success.
In addition, substrate reduction therapy, a method used to decrease the production of storage material, is currently being evaluated for some of these diseases.
Furthermore, chaperone therapy, a technique used to stabilize the defective enzymes produced by patients, is being examined for certain of these disorders.
Ambroxol has recently been shown to increase activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, so it may be a useful therapeutic agent for both Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, de Duve and colleagues, using cell fractionation techniques, cytological studies, and biochemical analyses, identified and characterized the lysosome as a cellular organelle responsible for intracellular digestion and recycling of macromolecules.
Pompe disease was the first disease to be identified as an LSD in 1963, with L. Hers reporting the cause as a deficiency of α-glucosidase.
Weapons such as the Degtyaryov anti-tank rifle (PTRD-41), the Degtyaryov machine gun, the Shpagin submachine gun (PPSh-41) and the Goryunov heavy machine gun (SG-43 Goryunov) were created at the plant.
Eloise Jarvis McGraw (December 9, 1915 – November 30, 2000) was an American author of children's books and young adult novels.
The actual writing of the books was done entirely by Eloise; Lauren made story contributions significant enough for Eloise to assign her co-authorship credit.
In the 1990s, WWE (then known as the World Wrestling Federation) introduced the term Diva to refer to its female performers.
In 1983, the Fabulous Moolah, who was the NWA World Women's Champion and legal owner of the title, joined the WWF and sold them the rights to the title after they disaffiliated from the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and recognized her as the first WWF Women's Champion.
Additionally, the WWF also recognized Moolah as having been champion ever since first winning the title from Judy Grable in 1956 and disregarded other reigns or title losses that occurred during the title's existence in the NWA.
WWF also introduced the WWF Women's Tag Team Championship with Velvet McIntyre and Princess Victoria recognized as the first champions after also defecting from the NWA.
When it was finally time for Lauper and Albano to settle their differences in the ring, a match-up was scheduled with Albano's represented wrestler Moolah against the challenge of Lauper's protégé, Wendi Richter.
Richter then lost the title to Leilani Kai the following year, but won it back at WrestleMania I on March 31, 1985.
In the summer of 1985, the WWF did a storyline where all established managers in the promotion competed to offer their services to Randy Savage.
In the angle, Steele fell in love with Miss Elizabeth, angering Savage and leading to a series of grudge matches between him and Steele.
When Savage—who had formed an alliance with Hogan—turned on Hogan in early 1989, Miss Elizabeth was a major factor, and she eventually sided with Hogan.
Renaming herself 'Sensational' Sherri, she reigned as champion for fifteen months before losing it to Rockin' Robin; after losing several rematches, Martel took a short leave of absence in early 1989 before being repackaged as Savage's manager.
Also in 1987 Mike McGuirk was introduced as the first female ring announcer of the promotion, arriving after Jesse Ventura referred her to the WWF.
In February 1989, the WWF Women's Tag Team Championship was deactivated and The Glamour Girls (Leilani Kai and Judy Martin) were the final title holders.
Sapphire and Rhodes later feuded with Randy Savage and Sensational Sherri and wrestled in a tag team match at WrestleMania VI.
Miss Elizabeth returned in 1991 and was a key player in Randy Savage's retirement match with The Ultimate Warrior at WrestleMania VII; Miss Elizabeth left the company for good in April 1992; shortly after her departure, Savage and Miss Elizabeth divorced in real life.
In 1993, the WWF reinstated its Women's Championship, a title that had been vacant since 1990, and Madusa Miceli was brought in by the company to revive the women's division.
She debuted under the ring name Alundra Blayze, because WWF owner Vince McMahon did not want to pay Miceli to use the name Madusa, which she had trademarked.
Blayze defeated Nakano at SummerSlam, but lost the belt to her on November 20, 1994 in Japan at the Big Egg Wrestling Universe event.
Later on as part of a short talent exchange with All Japan Women's Pro Wrestling, various Japanese female wrestlers including Aja Kong debuted leading to the second elimination match at the Survivor Series 1995 event.
In December, due to financial troubles the WWF was having at the time, Blayze was released from her contract and was stripped of the title following her jump back to rival company World Championship Wrestling, and the WWF Women's Championship remained vacant until 1998.
Sunny debuted in April 1995, Marlena debuted in January 1996, Sable debuted in March 1996, and Debra debuted in October 1998.
At first, the characters were a continuation of the WWE female manager, like Miss Elizabeth that had been popular throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Marlena was the manager of Goldust, her then real-life husband, and Sable was manager for her then real-life husband, Marc Mero.
Although, the term diva wasn't used on WWE television until April 1999, these ladies are considered to be the first diva's.
Chyna was offered as an antithesis to the rest of the women, a masculine bodybuilder whose sexual identity was the subject of early storylines.
Sable's eclipsed popularity and her feud with Marc Mero and his new manager, Jacqueline led to the reinstatement of the Women's Championship as well as the promotion's hiring of more female wrestlers.
Sable's popularity led to a shift in the role of women in the WWF, as the promotion began to rely less on its female performers as simply eye candy and placed a greater emphasis on female athletes who actually competed in matches including re-establishing a women's division.
Unlike Jacqueline, Ivory, Tori, and Luna Vachon, the more physical and experienced wrestlers at the time, Sable later admitted that it was written in her contract that she was not allowed to take bumps.
76-year-old Moolah defeated Ivory to win the Women's Championship, becoming the oldest WWF Women's Champion ever, but she re-lost the title to Ivory eight days later.
The year of 2000 saw the debuts of Lita, Trish Stratus, and Molly Holly since the start of the month of February.
She was a contrast to most of the other Divas as she was given a more wholesome gimmick and more modest ring attire.
At No Way Out on February 25, Stratus and Stephanie squared off, with Stephanie scoring the victory after interference by William Regal.
As part of the continuation of Trish Stratus and the McMahons' storyline, it was revealed that Stratus was the victim of a set-up by Vince, Stephanie and Regal.
The storyline came to an end at WrestleMania X-Seven when Stratus slapped Vince during his match against his son Shane McMahon.
Also later in the year at the start of autumn, Tori was released from the WWF entering September while Chyna left the WWF towards the end of November due to real-life issues between herself, Triple H, and Stephanie McMahon.
The departure of Chyna (who was the reigning Women's Champion) led to the Women's Championship being vacant for the second time until Survivor Series.
Also in the autumn of 2001, Trish Stratus was trained by Fit Finlay, who was the road agent responsible for the women's matches, and drastically improved her in-ring ability.
Much of the year of 2002 centered around Trish Stratus and her feuds with Jazz, Molly Holly, and a re-debuting Victoria including over the Women’s Championship.
The WWE women's division would see itself competing in more match-ups previously contested only by men (including for the Women's Championship), such as street fights and hardcore matches.
The departures officially left Trish Stratus, Lita, Victoria, Torrie Wilson, Stacy Keibler, and Lilian Garcia as the remaining original female talent who would continue on in the company.
The most notable departures came in the year of 2006 from the middle of the year until the end of the year starting first when Stacy Keibler departed the company due to transitioning into an acting career followed by at the end of the year as Trish Stratus retired at Unforgiven and Lita retired at Survivor Series.
The departures finally left Victoria, Torrie Wilson, Jazz, Sharmell, Gail Kim, and Lilian Garcia as the remaining final group of original female talents continuing on with the company until most the final group departed one by one leaving Lilian Garcia as the only remaining original female talent left in the company until her departure in spring of 2016.
Although most if not all original female talent left WWE, Trish Stratus, Lita, Sunny, Molly Holly, Victoria, Torrie Wilson, Jackie Gayda, Stacy Keibler, Lilian Garcia, Terri Runnels, Jacqueline, Ivory, and Alundra Blayze would make special appearances or appear in special guest roles with the company in later years.
They faced each other again at the New Year's Revolution pay-per-view event, that led to Lita suffering another injury by tearing her ACL.
in Shawn Michaels and Kurt Angle's feud, where Sensational Sherri and Kurt Angle sang a parody of Shawn Michaels' entrance theme.
She made her official WWE in-ring debut on June 30 against Michelle McCool and had her first pay-per-view match against Torrie Wilson at The Great American Bash, winning both matches.
Trish Stratus returned from a legitimate injury to help Ashley Massaro against Candice Michelle, Torrie Wilson, and Victoria who Massaro was feuding at that time.
This led to various angles including a Halloween Costume Contest in which James was dressed like Stratus and helped Stratus retain the Women's Championship in a Fulfill Your Fantasy Battle Royal at Taboo Tuesday by eliminating herself and Victoria at the same time to even utilizing Stratus' signature finishing moves as her own during matches.
Subsequently, the storyline between Mickie and Trish also developed into a lesbian angle after Mickie had a kiss with Trish under a sprig of mistletoe.
The climax of the storyline led to Mickie James and Trish Stratus wrestling each other at WrestleMania 22 for the Women's Championship, where James won the match and became the new champion.
Her angle with Stratus continued into Backlash during a rematch after Stratus legitimately dislocated her shoulder when James threw her out of the ring.
At in 2007, Candice Michelle became the first woman from the WWE Diva Search contest to become the WWE Women's Champion.
Natalya and Michelle McCool became the first two contenders for the new championship, and, at The Great American Bash, McCool defeated Natalya to become the inaugural champion.
At WrestleMania XXV, former WWE Divas Sunny, Victoria, Molly Holly, Torrie Wilson, Miss Jackie, and Joy Giovanni returned to WWE for a one night special appearance in the 25 Divas Battle Royal match to crown Miss Wrestlemania.
At The Bash in 2009, Michelle McCool defeated Melina to capture the Women's Championship and became the first Diva to have ever held both the Women's Championship and the Divas Championship.
Mickie James defeated Maryse on July 26, 2009 at Night Of Champions, ending Maryse's reign at 216 days (also the longest reign of the title at the time) and becoming the second Diva to hold the Divas Championship and Women's Championship.
Beth Phoenix became the new Women's Champion for the third time on April 25, 2010 in an Extreme Makeover at Extreme Rules pay-per-view.
At Night of Champions 2010, the Divas Championship was unified with the Women's Championship as then Divas Champion Melina faced then-self professed co-Women's Champion Michelle McCool in a lumberjill match.
McCool won the match to unify the two titles due to interference from Layla, then McCool locked in her finisher, thus creating the Unified Divas Championship following the lineage and history of the Divas Championship.
McCool lost the title to Natalya on 21 November 2010 at Survivor Series in a handicap match involving Layla, and then they competed against Natalya and Beth Phoenix in the first tables match of the Divas division at .
The company proceeded to air disturbing video packages of her flicking off heads of female dolls and laughing maniacally building towards her tentative arrival.
Gail Kim resigned from WWE on August 5, 2011, due to frustration with WWE's lack of focus on the women's division.
Layla returned from her injury on April 29, 2012 at Extreme Rules and defeated Nikki Bella to become the fifth woman to have held both titles.
On September 16, 2012, at the Night of Champions pay-per-view, Eve Torres defeated Layla to win the Divas Championship, becoming the first Diva in history to hold the title on three occasions.
A month after Phoenix's departure, WWE published an article on their website claiming that there was a new era for the Divas division.
Kaitlyn lost her Divas Championship to her former tag team partner AJ Lee on Payback, ending her reign at 153 days.
On January 8, 2014, Kaitlyn decided to depart from WWE to pursue other endeavors, losing her last match against her former friend and rival Divas Champion AJ Lee.
Later on towards the end of the month, AJ Lee became the longest reigning Divas Champion in history, surpassing Maryse's reign of 216 days.
With this win, Paige became the first NXT female talent to hold both the NXT Women's and Divas Championships simultaneously as well as becoming the youngest Divas Champion in WWE history at the age of 21.
AJ Lee returned after a two-month hiatus, defeating Paige in an impromptu match to regain the Divas Championship as both then traded the championship until at SummerSlam then Night of Champions.
This led to a match between the twins at Hell in a Cell, where the loser was forced to become the winner's personal assistant for 30 days, where Nikki defeated Brie.
Nikki Bella received her title match against AJ Lee on November 23 at Survivor Series, which she won, with Brie's help, to become a two–time Divas Champion.
This hashtag brought attention to various multi-media outlets over the long-tenured controversy over the company's treatment of their women's division, including AJ Lee who publicly criticized Stephanie McMahon over the issue.
On April 3, 2015, five days after Lee and Paige defeated the Bella Twins at WrestleMania 31, WWE announced that AJ Lee decided to retire from in-ring competition and would depart from the company.
As a result, Stephanie McMahon proclaimed a revolution in the women's division and introduced Charlotte, Becky Lynch, and the NXT Women's Champion Sasha Banks as the newest additions to the main roster.
(Naomi, Tamina and Sasha Banks), Team Bella (Alicia Fox and The Bella Twins) and Team PCB (Paige, Charlotte, and Becky Lynch), with the latter team being renamed from Submission Sorority due to links to adult content.
The three teams faced off at SummerSlam in a three team elimination match, where Becky pinned Brie to win the match for Team PCB.
However, since the title could not change hands by disqualification, Nikki retained the championship, and in the process, became the longest reigning Divas Champion in history, surpassing AJ Lee's previous record of 295 days.
Several days later, on September 20 at Night of Champions, Nikki lost the championship to Charlotte, ending her reign at 301 days.
Shortly after, Nikki went on a hiatus from television due to a neck injury which would require surgery, but returned for one night on December 21, to accept the Slammy Award for Diva of the Year.
The WWE Women's Championship would return in the year of 2016 when Lita unveiled a brand-new Women's Championship belt during the WrestleMania 32 pre–show to signify a change in the status of the division.
The title shares its name with the original Women's Championship, however, the new title does not share the same title history as the original as it was merged into the Divas Championship in 2010 when it followed its lineage and history.
WWE acknowledges the original championship as its predecessor, and notes that the lineage of female champions dates back to The Fabulous Moolah's reign in 1956.
The then-current Divas Champion Charlotte would win the new championship by defeating Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks in a triple threat match.
Lilian Garcia would depart from the WWE yet again on August 1, 2016 due to personal reasons as her departure would officially leave a brand new generation of WWE female talents.
Mickie James would return to WWE in a one night only match when it was announced by the company in late October 2016 that she would compete against title holder, Asuka for the NXT Women's Championship in the developmental territory's semi-monthly event.
On the November 29 edition of SmackDown Live, it was announced that Becky Lynch would defend the SmackDown Women's title against Alexa Bliss at in the second female tables match since 2010, where Bliss defeated Lynch to become new champion.
On June 18, at the Money in the Bank pay–per–view, in what was the first ever women's Money in the Bank ladder match, Carmella defeated Charlotte Flair, Natalya, Becky Lynch and Tamina to earn herself a future women's championship match at date and time of her choosing.
In November, after she defeated Natalya to win the SmackDown Women's Championship, Charlotte Flair became the first woman to win all present women's championships in WWE (Raw, SmackDown and NXT).
During that time, Paige returned after over a year away and aligned with Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville who made their main roster debuts as well.
On January 28, 2018, at the Royal Rumble, the first ever women's Royal Rumble match served as the main event of the show.
All of the legends from RAW 25 (except Terri Runnels and Lilian Garcia), Lita, Molly Holly, Vickie Guerrero, and Beth Phoenix made their in–ring returns to the company.
The match lasted 58:57, becoming the longest women's match, and Asuka was victorious after she eliminated Nikki Bella in the finals.
Former UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion Ronda Rousey made an appearance in the ring and subsequently revealed that she had been signed as a WWE wrestler.
The following month, the first ever women's Elimination Chamber match took place at the namesake pay–per–view, where Alexa Bliss successfully retained her Raw Women's Championship against Sasha Banks, Bayley, Sonya Deville, Mandy Rose, and Mickie James.
By cashing in her briefcase, Carmella became the first woman in WWE to successfully cash–in her Money in the Bank opportunity and that was also the first time a women's championship changed hands after a cash–in.
In August, at SummerSlam, Ronda Rousey defeated Alexa Bliss to win the Raw Women's Championship, becoming the first woman to win a women's championship in both UFC and WWE in the process.
At Evolution, all of the active women's championships in WWE were defended and the finals of the 2018 Mae Young Classic tournament also took place at the event.
The match, that stood out as match of the night and was praised by many critics as the best match in WWE for this year, was between Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair who made history by competing in the first ever Last Woman Standing match, which Lynch won.
On December 16, at the pay–per–view, the first ever women's triple threat Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match took place, where Asuka defeated Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair to capture the Smackdown Women's Championship, in what was also the first time that title was featured in the main event match of pay–per–view.
On January 27, 2019, at the Royal Rumble, Becky Lynch (who replaced an injured Lana and took her entry number 28) won the second women's Royal Rumble match, with lastly eliminating her rival Charlotte Flair.
The title shares its name with the original Women's Tag Team Championship, however, it doesn't share the same title history as the original.
In March, it was announced that the scheduled triple threat match for the WWE Raw Women's Championship between Ronda Rousey, Charlotte Flair and Becky Lynch at WrestleMania 35 would be the first women's match to ever main event a WrestleMania show ever since it was created 35 years ago.
In March, Lynch was reinstated and she defeated Flair at Fastlane via disqualification, after Rousey purposely attacked Lynch to give her the win, making the title match at WrestleMania a triple–threat match.
Just days before the event, Flair won the SmackDown Women's Championship, becoming the third woman to win eight women's championships in WWE history in the process, and the title match was changed to a Winner Take All for both titles.
On October 30, 2019 WWE announced a match between Natalya and Lacey Evans for Crown Jewel 2019, making it the first ever women's match in Saudi Arabia.
At the event, both women had to wear full body suits and T-shirts instead of their normal ring attire due to the country's dress policy.
At the event Team Ripley (Rhea Ripley, Candice LeRae, Tegan Nox, and Dakota Kai) defeated Team Baszler (Shayna Baszler, Bianca Belair, Io Shirai, and Kay Lee Ray).
The Main event of the Survivor Series held on November 24, 2019 was a triple threat match between the women's champions of three brands Raw (Becky Lynch), SmackDown (Bayley) and NXT (Shayna Baszler) in which Baszler forced Bayley to submit on Kirifuda Clutch to win the match.
In the Main event of the held on December 15, 2019 The Kabuki Warriors (Asuka and Kairi Sane) defended the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship against Raw Women's Champion Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair in a tag team Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match.
LayCool (Michelle McCool and Layla) were the first female talents featured on the show as 'mentors' and their male talent was Kaval who won the second season on August 31.
AJ Lee, Naomi, Aloisia, Maxine, Aksana, and Jamie Keyes were initially announced as part of the show with Primo, Kelly Kelly, Vickie Guerrero, Alicia Fox, Goldust, and The Bella Twins as the select main roster talents featured on the show as 'mentors'.
In real life, she was released two weeks later, due to the company allegedly finding adult photos, and was replaced by Kaitlyn on the show.
Unlike the first two male victors, the female victor of season 3 would not get a shot at a championship of her choice (the only title being the Divas Championship) but rather, a main roster spot.
In the fifth edition of the program on March 8, 2011, Maryse became co-host of the show up until August 24 when taking time off due to personal injury.
Throughout the years, WWE began hiring new Divas and assigned them to their development territories to train and wait to be called up to the main roster.
These new Divas were recruited from the independent circuit and modeling agencies including previously the Diva Search although in recent years, most came from the indies due in large part to Triple H's change in mentality when it came to hiring talents.
Sara Del Rey signed a contract with WWE on July 9, 2012 and became the first female trainer in WWE's developmental territory NXT, based at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida.
AJ Lee became the first woman to hold the FCW Divas Championship & the WWE Divas Championship, while Naomi became the first woman to hold the FCW Divas Championship & the SmackDown Women's Championship.
On February 12, 2015 at , Charlotte lost the championship to Sasha Banks in a fatal four-way match that also involved Bayley and Becky Lynch, ending her reign at 258 days.
On June 18, 2018, during the first night of the United Kingdom Championship Tournament, the NXT UK Women's Championship was announced for WWE's NXT UK brand.
The photoshoot was followed by a magazine featuring photos from the shoot as well as a television special or video release of highlights from the shoot.
Debra, Chyna, Sable, Tori, Jacqueline, Terri Runnels, Ivory, Luna Vachon, and Ryan Shamrock were part of the photoshoot and promotional material.
Sunny, Sable, and Chyna were the only three female talents for whom WWE created a separate website in their years with the company.
Stratus also claims that she refused the shoot because she says she can still be sexy without taking her clothes off.
Lita has said that she didn't pose because she felt it was wrong for her (she was known as a role model for young girls at the time) to pose for the magazine.
On March 29, 2015 it was announced by the company that the contest would return in fall of 2015 and would air exclusively on the WWE Network.
Since season 2, various former and current company female talents all have either departed or joined the show including being regulated to recurring or guest roles.
Animated version of various female WWE superstars like Sasha Banks, Becky Lynch , Bella Twins, Charlotte Flair, Paige and Stephanie McMahon were included in Camp WWE.
In 2007, Ashley Massaro, Torrie Wilson, Maryse, Brooke, Layla, and Kelly Kelly shot a video for music producer and rapper Timbaland.
Fighting with My Family a 2019 film co-produced by WWE Studios depicts the WWE career of Paige portrayed by Florence Pugh.
It covered various events of Moolah's life like Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection, The Brawl to End It All, The Original Screwjob, WrestleMania 34 name controversy and various other WWE related incidents.
Throughout the years in WWE, there has been instances where female talent have won male contested championships and to being part of major male contested tournaments or gimmick matches.
She was also the first female to be the number one contender for the WWF Championship, but lost the spot to Mankind before SummerSlam in August.
Later that year, Chyna became the only female to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship after defeating Jeff Jarrett No Mercy on October 17.
Eventually the following year, Chyna would win the championship for the second time in an intergender tag team match at SummerSlam.
Molly Holly (competing as Mighty Molly), Trish Stratus, and Terri Runnels all held the Hardcore Championship briefly throughout the year of 2002.
She became the only woman to have held the championship under the WWE banner and the third woman overall to have won the championship as Madusa and Daffney also held the championship under the WCW banner.
Chyna, Beth Phoenix, Kharma, and Nia Jax are the only female talents in the history of the company to have competed and entered in the male contested Royal Rumble match.
Chyna is the only female talent to have competed in the Royal Rumble match twice in the years of 1999 and 2000.
In the 2019 edition, Nia Jax became also became the first woman to compete in both gender Royal Rumble matches within the same night.
Chyna, Molly Holly (competing as Mighty Molly), Trish Stratus, Terri Runnels, Jacqueline, Alundra Blayze, Kelly Kelly, Candice Michelle, Maria Kanellis, Carmella, and Tamina all held male contested championships in the history of the company.
Stratus retained her title until 2004, where Stacy Keibler ended Stratus' reign and won the honor, receiving her own mini-site and a photoshoot for every month in the year, sometimes two.
In 2005, WWE would host the sole 'Rookie' Diva of the Year contest at No Way Out, where Joy Giovanni defeated Michelle McCool, Lauren Jones, and Rochelle Loewen.
Giovanni received more than half of the vote, followed by McCool who got just under 20%, Loewen got just over 10% and Jones received just 6%.
On April 1, 2017, WWE announced a female tournament called the Mae Young Classic as part of a company presentation in which thirty-two women from different countries competed in a exhibition series of matches.
This chart lists in chronological order every female wrestler who held more than one title in the company, including male contested titles.
The WWF Women's Championship is descended from the original NWA World Women's Championship of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), which is still active today.
In 1983, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) disaffiliated with the NWA and recognized then-NWA World Women's Champion The Fabulous Moolah as the promotion's Women's Champion.
At It the Night of Champions pay-per-view on September 19, 2010 the Divas Championship would be unified with the WWE Women's Championship, creating the Unified WWE Divas Championship.
On April 3, 2016, WWE Hall of Famer Lita appeared during the WrestleMania 32 pre-show to introduced the new WWE Women's Championship and revealed that the Divas Championship would be retired.
Although it shares the same name the WWE Women's Championship has a unique title history, separate from WWE's original Women's Championship and the Divas Championship.
In 2009 at The Bash, Michelle McCool defeated Melina to win her first Women's Championship, becoming the first woman to have won both the WWE Divas and Women's championships.
Paige became the first female double champion when she won the WWE Divas Championship in her debut while also being the NXT Women's Champion in 2014.
In 1999, Chyna defeated Jeff Jarrett in his last WWF match at No Mercy, to become the first and only woman to win the Intercontinental Championship.
Molly Holly pinned The Hurricane taking the WWE Hardcore Championship from him at WrestleMania X8 on March 17, 2002 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The NXT Women's Championship was introduced on April 5, 2013 and the first NXT Women's Champion was crowned on June 20, 2013 (aired July 24) in the inaugural championship tournament (2013).
Following the reintroduction of the brand split in July 2016, the WWE Women's Champion (Charlotte Flair) was drafted to the Raw brand, making the championship exclusive to Raw.
In August 2016, the WWE created the SmackDown Women's Championship as a counterpart title and the WWE Women's Championship was subsequently renamed to Raw Women's Championship.
The inaugural champions were crowned at Elimination Chamber on February 17, 2019, in a tag team Elimination Chamber match, featuring three teams from Raw and three teams from SmackDown, making the titles non-exclusive to either brand.
As of the current WWE system, on April 30, 2017, Alexa Bliss became the first woman in the WWE to hold the women's titles on both brands of WWE.
Becky Lynch won both the Raw Women’s Championship and SmackDown Women's Championship in a Winner takes all match at WrestleMania 35, making her a double champion and the only woman to hold both titles simultaneously.
A few songs from previous releases were re-recorded for inclusion on the album; the material was anywhere from three months to three years old.
The group met to discuss their commitment to the band; a portion of their day-job wages was being used to help fund the group.
After finalizing their line-up, the group began performing at local venues, eventually gaining support slots for bands like Better Than Ezra and Sugar Ray.
They stayed for over an hour and a half as the group performed a full set, compared to the 20-minute sets that other labels wanted them to play.
The EP soon caught the attention of major label MCA Records, which had a distribution deal with Drive-Thru that allowed MCA to upstream bands from them.
Throughout November, the group toured the California coast, the Midwest and southern states of the US with Reel Big Fish, Sugarcult, Lucky Boys Confusion, River City High, and Riddlin' Kids.
Main recording took place between January and March at various studios across the US: Cello Studios in Hollywood, California; 4th Street Recording in Santa Monica, California; South Beach Studios in Miami Beach, Florida; and Jungle Room Studios in Glendale, California.
McMahon found it easier coming up with arrangements on the piano, rather than a guitar, as it seemed a better instrument with which to expand song structures.
A day or two after it ended, McMahon sat in his parents' garage, where his piano was situated and wrote the song around his memories of the tour.
Following this, the group toured across Europe supporting New Found Glory in August and September, before headlining two shows in the UK and four in Japan.
Following two European shows, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with the Juliana Theory between January and March 2003, supported by Vendetta Red, Red West and Fiction Plane.
Mednoye () is a village in Kalininsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Tvertsa River, 28 km west of Tver, by the Moscow–St.Petersburg highway.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the village prospered due to its location on the road leading from Tver to Torzhok and Novgorod.
During World War II Mednoye was a centre of heavy tank fighting (October 1941) which formed part of the Battle of Moscow.
Between April 3 and April 19, 1940, 6,311 Polish officers from the Ostashkov POW camp were brought to the area of Mednoye and subsequently shot to death behind the village of Yamka during the Katyn massacre.
Apart from the Katyn war cemetery, the landmarks of Mednoye include the Church of Our Lady of Kazan (1764), the 18th-century post station, and the memorial house of Sergey Lemeshev.
There were two separate multi-round competitions every year: for higher education (universities) and general education (starting from 7th to 10th/11th grade).
The main difference between two Olympiads was that the school one had separate threads for every grade, while the university one was for all students.
Depending on the subject and geographical region the highest round of the Olympiads varied from the All-Union level in Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry to the Regional level in some other disciplines.
Usually, area rounds on each subjects took place in different days, so one student could participate in competitions on several subjects.
This round's contests on different subjects were conducted on the same day, so a student could compete only in one subject.
They were joined by the winners of the Kvant magazine competition and of the republican and All-Union olympiads of the previous year.
This round was a major round, since it recognized the best students of the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union, which are now Independent Countries.
Moscow, Leningrad, a few specialized mathematical schools, and the schools of the transportation ministry system did not compete at the republican level and sent their teams directly to the All-Union round.
An interesting experiment was olympiads in linguistics and mathematics, at which students were challenged to solve problems in both seemingly non-related domains.
This term has come to mean a legit attack or fight in professional wrestling, and its meaning has broadened to include unscripted events in general.
Shoots in general are against the nature of the business, similar to an actor ad-libbing or dropping character during a performance.
Performers who shoot during a wrestling event are often punished (often by lower pay or relegation to opening bouts) or even fired, since it is thought that they cannot be trusted to act according to the bookers' wishes.
While the term technically applies only to wrestling performers, crowds also cause shoots by interfering in events, usually by assaulting or attempting to assault a wrestler.
Fan interference and violence was prevalent in the northeastern and southern United States from the mid to late 20th century, where many wrestling territories became known for offering violent action to a rabid, fiercely loyal audience who largely believed in what they were seeing.
DiBiase, recalling the incident in his autobiography, yelled for Virgil (DiBiase's bodyguard, who was attempting to interfere in the match) to knock the man down, which he did before security led the suspect away as the match played out as intended (Savage knocking the heads of DiBiase and Virgil together before escaping the cage).
In 2002, during a ladder match between Eddie Guerrero and Rob Van Dam, a fan jumped the guardrail, got into the ring, and knocked over the ladder while Guerrero was climbing it.
Guerrero noticed what was going on, landed on his feet, and kicked the fan a few times while security took him away.
During a match with Bray Wyatt at a WWE house show in Victoria, British Columbia in August 2015, Roman Reigns was struck in the head by a metal replica Money in the Bank briefcase thrown by a fan.
Worked-shoot is the term for any occurrence that is scripted by the creative team to come off as unscripted and therefore appear as though it were a real-life happening but is, in fact, still part of the show.
This can be seen as an example of the writers breaking the fourth wall and attempting to court the fans who are interested in shoots (i.e., events outside the traditional in-ring wrestling matchups).
In it, Punk aired his grievances with WWE at the time and announced he would leave the promotion three weeks after his promo with the WWE Championship (Punk would sign a new contract during the time period); the promo was not cut-off until Punk attempted to mention bullying issues within the company.
They are conducted out of character with a wrestler, promoter, manager, or other insider generally being interviewed about their career and asked to give their opinion on wrestlers, promotions, or specific events in their past.
These shoots are often released on DVD, end up on YouTube or other video sharing websites, or as a part of a wrestling podcast.
Drawing from this related term, a shooter or shoot-fighter is not a wrestler with a reputation for being uncooperative but one who uses legit hooking skills as a gimmick.
These wrestlers often gain their skills from martial arts (Ken Shamrock or Josh Barnett), or amateur wrestling (Kurt Angle or Dolph Ziggler).
Angle quickly took Nawrocki down with a guillotine choke, but Nawrocki manages to make it to the ropes, forcing Angle to break the hold.
The term is also often used by wrestling fans, in another definition (in this case, also known as shoot wrestling) to refer to mixed martial arts competitions, which, while superficially similar to wrestling matches, are actual athletic competition rather than sports entertainment.
Example of spontaneous events that are not shoots include mistakes by wrestlers (these are known as botches) or matches where the wrestlers are good enough to not need to plan and rehearse beforehand and can make it up on the spot as time dictates.
They are among the earliest existing Buddhist literature, and place considerable emphasis on the rejection of, or non-attachment to, all views.
They are regarded as earlier because of elements of language and composition, their inclusion in very early commentaries, and also because some have seen them as expressing versions of certain Buddhist beliefs that are different from, and perhaps prior to, their later codified versions.
those of abstention) sides of asceticism, and show a strong concern with letting go of views, regulating everyday bodily activities, and sexual desires.
The ' also places considerable emphasis on the rejection of, or non-attachment to, all views, and is reluctant to put forward positions of their own regarding basic metaphysical issues.
Gomez compared them to later Madhyamaka philosophy, which in its form especially makes a method of rejecting others' views rather than proposing its own.
First, he notes that neither of these short collections of suttas are homogeneous and hence are not all amenable to Gomez' proposals.
According to Vetter, those suttas which do lend support to Gomez probably originated with a heterodox ascetic group that pre-dated the Buddha, and were integrated into the Buddhist Sangha at an early date, bringing with them some suttas that were already in existence and also composing further suttas in which they tried to combine their own teachings with those of the Buddha.
Fuller states that in the Nikayas, right-view includes non-dependence on knowledge and views, and mentions the Buddha's simile of his dhamma as a raft that must be abandoned.
He finds that the Atthakavagga's treatment of knowledge and wisdom is parallel to the later Patthana's apparent criticism of giving, holding the precepts, the duty of observance, and practicing the jhanas.
In his view, both texts exhibit this particular approach not as an attack on practice or knowledge, but to point out that attachment to the path is destructive.
Similarly, the text's treatment of concentration meditation is intended to warn against attachment to insight, and communicate that insight into the nature of things necessarily involves a calm mind.
Alexander Wynne also rejects both of Vetter's claims that the Parayanavagga shows a chronological stratification, and a different attitude toward mindfulness and liberating insight than do other works.
The Theravada tradition has taken the view that the text's statements, including many which are clearly intended to be paradoxical, are meant to be puzzled over and explicated.
Seminiferous tubules are located within the testes, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of male gametes, namely spermatozoa.
The epithelium of the tubule consists of a type of sustentacular cells known as Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule.
There are two types: convoluted and straight, convoluted toward the lateral side, and straight as the tubule comes medially to form ducts that will exit the testis.
The seminiferous tubules are formed from the testis cords that develop from the primitive gonadal cords, formed from the gonadal ridge.
During spermatogenesis, the DNA of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules is subject to damage from such sources as reactive oxygen species.
As of the 1990 Census, 'Thaddeus' was the 611th most popular male name in the United States, while 'Thad', its diminutive version, was the 846th most popular.
Smaller airports with scheduled passenger service are Rotterdam The Hague Airport (formerly known as Zestienhoven), Groningen Airport Eelde, Eindhoven Airport and Maastricht Aachen Airport.
Medical helipads have been assigned the identification codes EH0001 to EH0031 by the Dutch authorities, but these are not official ICAO indicators and thus these helipads are not included in this list.
After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles the airports on Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius became a part of the Netherlands, however they use the TN prefix instead of EH which is used for other Dutch airports.
Beginning in the late 1800s the area became known for its resorts, but a hurricane in 1906 ended the hotel business.
He was educated at the Quebec grammar school; he studied law and was called to the bar of the province of New Brunswick in 1848.
He practised his profession for four years, and then entered into partnership with a Mr. Hawe in the business of lumbering and shipbuilding.
He became a member of the Executive Council in 1859, and introduced the colony's first bankruptcy act in order to make things easier for debtors.
Mitchell did not run for re-election in 1861, but was soon appointed to the Legislative Council of New Brunswick (the colony's upper house) and rejoined the Executive Council.
He resigned from the Executive Council in 1865 when the pro-Confederation government of Samuel Leonard Tilley was defeated, and helped lieutenant-governor Arthur Hamilton Gordon force the resignation of the anti-Confederation government of Albert J. Smith in 1866.
Mitchell asked Gordon to call an election, and he and his Confederation Party were returned with a majority that approved the participation of the colony in the Canadian Confederation in 1867.
He was an aggressive defender of Canadian interests, and contested foreign fishing in Canadian waters to the extent of using gunboats to seize American vessels.
Mitchell resigned from the Senate in 1872 to run for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada where he felt he would have more influence.
Mitchell resigned his seat in 1878 after being accused of violating the Independence of Parliament Act by leasing a building to the government while he was a senator.
Mitchell returned to the Commons in the 1882 election and was re-elected in the 1887 election as an independent Liberal, but was defeated in the 1891 election.
He also called for mercy for Louis Riel, and blamed Macdonald for causing the Riel Rebellion by not dealing with Métis complaints.
Laurier made him general inspector of fisheries for Quebec and the Maritime provinces, and Mitchell held that position until his death in 1899.
He seemed to recover, but on 25 October 1899, he was found dead in his rooms in the Windsor Hotel, Montreal.
Patrons of the BME website and its IAM community have often gathered for barbecues where they can meet with one another.
Historically, the largest of these BBQs, known as BMEFest, were held in or around Toronto, Ontario and generally on Canada Day with hundreds of participants.
The festivities of BMEFest almost always include suspensions, fireworks, grilled food both vegan and otherwise, and there is usually a commemorative T-shirt for each event.
It is generally free to attend but it is encouraged to sign up ahead of time and may be exclusive to a private group.
The BME site is blocked by many Internet filtering services intended to protect children (and workplaces), for reasons such as nudity, torture, and other adult content.
The residence is so named because of its history as an old farmstead dating back to the mid-19th century and built by settler Henry Fleury in 1850.
Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King privately purchased the farmstead, as part of his country estate at Kingsmere Lake in 1927.
King died at the residence on July 22, 1950, he left the residence and grounds (231-hectare) to the government and people of Canada so that future Canadian officials & citizens could make use of the area.
While he also stated his intentions for his successors to enjoy The Farm as he did, 24 Sussex Drive was already the official residence of the Prime Minister.
Later in his life, he turned to esoteric fields and published obscure hypotheses for which he was strongly criticized by the scientific community.
The Mad Capsule Markets (originally known as The Mad Capsule Market's and Berrie) were a Japanese band that formed in 1985 and were active until 2006.
Their popularity in the Japanese underground music scene steadily grew and in 1990 this success earned them a place as the opening act for the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Their earlier lyrical content, with the lyrics wrote mostly by bassist Takeshi Ueda had Marxist/working-class influences, with lyrical themes becoming more and more political with later releases.
From 1990 their sound was mainly punk influenced but quickly began to incorporate different influences in their music by the likes of Killing Joke, Aburadako, The Stalin and Yellow Magic Orchestra.
This was also the first album to be released overseas (in the United States, although almost two years after its Japanese release).
Later that year, the band released The Mad Capsule Market's, a greatest hits compilation containing re-recorded songs from their career up to that point.
On 5 April the band announced that they were taking an 'extended break' from making music under the Mad Capsule Markets' name and instead work on separate projects.
The act itself is described with the verb jobbing, while the act of booking (rather than being booked) to job is called jobbing out.
A regular jobber skilled at enhancing the matches he loses, as opposed to a mediocre local rookie or part-timer, is called a carpenter.
At other times a high-profile loss, particularly one which makes the wrestler in question look weak, foolish, or otherwise damages their reputation, might signify certain behind-the-scenes events that have real-life implications on a wrestler.
Such a job may mark the end of a push, a departure from the company, or a loss of faith in the wrestler as a marketable commodity.
Sometimes, jobbing is presented to a wrestler because of the problems and bad working relationship that the wrestler and the owner of the promotion actually have.
At other times, it is a requirement of a wrestler's on-the-job training, learning how to perform in front of a live audience while helping make the more established wrestlers look credible.
Jobber is a professional wrestling term used to describe a wrestler who is routinely defeated by main eventers, mid-carders, or low-carders.
Jobbers have been used since the 1950s, and they were popular in promotions of the United States and Canada around this time.
Many of these wrestlers also did work matches against each other at larger arena cards at venues such as Madison Square Garden and were usually more competitive against their opponents, with several of these wrestlers gaining victories.
A jobber may not necessarily lose, only make the superstar look powerful - or at least make another wrestler interfering with the match to look more powerful.
One example is Jimmy Jacobs: employed by WWE as a jobber for a time, Jacobs wrestled Eddie Guerrero during the latter's last heel run.
This win (and the Kid) were worked into Ramon's feud with Ted DiBiase, with DiBiase taunting Ramon repeatedly over losing to a nobody until he too was pinned by the Kid.
Jobbers can also get recognition on social media after appearing on a major promotion, giving them exposure they wouldn't receive otherwise.
Some jobbers like Trent Knight, Cougar Jay, Tim Parker, Reno Riggins, Tommy Angel, Bob Emory, Ricky Nelson, Curtis Thompson, the Mulkey Brothers, Kenny Kendall, Red Tyler, Eddie Jackie, among others, grew to become household names to fans due to this, and fans would expect to see the humiliating act after the match.
There are times, however, when a jobber will prove their skill, determination, and/or loyalty to the business, and move beyond jobber status.
Billy Kidman initially started out as a jobber in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), before moving up the ranks to become a champion in both the WCW and WWE.
Paul Roma, who started as a jobber for the WWE in the 1980s, gained enough popularity in WCW to win that promotion's Tag Team Titles with partners such as Paul Orndorff and Arn Anderson, the latter as part of the Four Horsemen; however, in Roma's case, he went downhill again some time later.
The brothers the Hardy Boyz began their careers in WWE as jobbers for a few years, before receiving their first push as legitimate contenders in the tag division.
Another example is Siva Afi, who was a successful main-eventer/mid-carder in the independent circuit, including challenging Ric Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship to a 60-minute time limit draw in front of 20,000 people, ended up being a jobber in the WWF, which eventually led to other local promotions to give him a jobber position.
A tag-team known as The Undertakers that did well on the independent circuit became jobbers when they joined the WWF in 1992 and became known as Double Trouble.
On average, however, Brad Armstrong was more of a jobber to the stars, while his brothers were pure jobbers for the most part, though Brian Armstrong would find the greatest success of the brothers in WWE as the Road Dogg.
A jobber angle involved Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP), whose continual losses during the end of 2008 – including embarrassing losses in which he was pinned by roll-ups from mid-level WWE superstars – cost him the signing bonus he received when he joined WWE.
Autons are essentially life-sized plastic dummies, automatons animated by the Nestene Consciousness, an extraterrestrial, disembodied gestalt intelligence which first arrived on Earth in hollow plastic meteorites.
However, more sophisticated Autons can be created, which look and act human except for a slight plastic sheen to the skin and a flat-sounding voice.
In this attempt, the Nestenes also made use of more mundane, everyday plastic objects, animating plastic toys, inflatable chairs and artificial flowers in addition to their Auton servants.
The Doctor convinced the Master that the Nestenes were too dangerous to be reliable allies, and they reversed the radio beam the invasion force was coming in on, sending it back into space.
The story also featured in a discussion in the House of Lords, where Baroness Bacon expressed worries about it being too frightening even for older children.
When the series was revived in 2005, producer and writer Russell T Davies chose the Autons as the first monster to be featured.
Their intent was to overthrow and destroy the human race, as Earth was ideal for their consumption needs, being filled with smoke, oil and various pollutants.
It is not yet clear if the war mentioned was also the motivation behind their earlier invasions or a recent development, but it is likely to be the Time War that is featured in subsequent episodes of the series.
The Autons in this episode were programmed to believe they were the soldiers of a Roman legion, among them Rory Williams, using the memories of Amy Pond.
They were very realistic and far more sophisticated than the average Auton, and their hands contained futuristic laser guns rather than projectile weapons.
Due to the influences of the cracks in time, the Rory copy possessed the personality of the real Rory and helped save the universe.
In the sequels, the escaped Autons attempt to awaken several dormant Nestenes put in place since before the development of human civilization.
Though BBV was licensed to use the Nestenes, Autons and UNIT by the writers who created them, as with all spin-off productions the canonicity of these films is unclear.
They appeared in issue 15 of Doctor Who - Battles in Time in which they were the main theme of the issue.
In a scramjet engine the residence time of the fuel is very low and complete penetration of the fuel into the flow will not occur.To avoid these conditions flame holders are used.
The simplest design, often used in amateur projects, is the can-type flame holder, which consists of a can covered in small holes.
Much more effective is the H-gutter flame holder, which is shaped like a letter H with a curve facing and opposing the flow of air.
Even more effective, however, is the V-gutter flame holder, which is shaped like a V with the point in the direction facing the flow of air.
Some studies have suggested that adding a small amount of base bleed to a V-gutter helps reduce drag without reducing effectiveness.
It uses only a small amount of space, and its expected running time is proportional to the square root of the size of the smallest prime factor of the composite number being factorized.
A polynomial modulo formula_3, called formula_4 (e.g., formula_5), is used to generate a pseudorandom sequence: A starting value, say 2, is chosen, and the sequence continues as formula_6, formula_7, formula_8, etc.
Because the number of possible values for these sequences are finite, both the formula_11 sequence, which is mod formula_3, and formula_9 sequence will eventually repeat, even though we do not know the latter.
Due to the birthday paradox, the number of formula_14 before a repetition occurs is expected to be formula_15, where formula_16 is the number of possible values.
Once a sequence has a repeated value, the sequence will cycle, because each value depends only on the one before it.
This works because if the formula_28 is the same as formula_29, the difference between formula_23 and formula_24 is necessarily a multiple of formula_2.
He used the same core ideas as Pollard but a different method of cycle detection, replacing Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm with the related Brent's cycle finding method.
In particular, instead of computing formula_41 at every step, it suffices to define as the product of 100 consecutive formula_42 terms modulo , and then compute a single formula_43.
But it then suffices to go back to the previous term, where formula_44, and use the regular ρ algorithm from there.
The ρ algorithm was a good choice for because the prime factor = 1238926361552897 is much smaller than the other factor.
Here we introduce another variant, where only a single sequence is computed, and the is computed inside the loop that detects the cycle.
The code will only work for small test values as overflow will occur in integer data types during the square of x.
In the following table the third and fourth columns contain secret information not known to the person trying to factor = 10403.
If the pseudorandom number formula_48 occurring in the Pollard ρ algorithm were an actual random number, it would follow that success would be achieved half the time, by the Birthday paradox in formula_49 iterations.
It is believed that the same analysis applies as well to the actual rho algorithm, but this is a heuristic claim, and rigorous analysis of the algorithm remains open.
By 1997, he had recruited permanent members; this line-up, which consisted of Townsend on vocals and guitar, Jed Simon on guitar, Byron Stroud on bass, and Gene Hoglan on drums, lasted until the band's dissolution.
Strapping Young Lad's music was characterized by the use of polyrhythmic guitar riffing and drumming, blast beats and wall of sound production.
The band's musical direction was mainly determined by Townsend, whose battle with bipolar disorder and dark sense of humour were major influences on his songwriting.
Townsend disbanded Strapping Young Lad in May 2007, announcing his decision to retreat from public view while continuing to record solo albums.
During a brief stint as touring guitarist for The Wildhearts, Townsend received a phone call from an A&R representative for Roadrunner Records, expressing an interest in his demos and an intention to sign him.
Townsend recruited a permanent line-up for the second album: Jed Simon on guitar, Byron Stroud on bass, and Gene Hoglan on drums.
The band embarked on a world tour in 1997 to promote the album, which included dates in Europe, the US and Australia.
On May 30, 1998, they performed at the Dynamo Open Air festival in Eindhoven, Netherlands, then continued touring the next month in Europe.
Century Media was not initially interested in releasing a live record, but impressed with Townsend's production, the label agreed to release it.
At the end of 1998, Townsend placed Strapping Young Lad on hiatus to concentrate on his solo career and on his work as a record producer.
Although Strapping Young Lad was officially on hiatus, they gave occasional live performances, including an appearance on the Foot In Mouth Tour in 2001 with Fear Factory.
During this period, Townsend's bandmates were active musically; both Stroud and Hoglan recorded with other bands, and all three were involved in Townsend's solo efforts as studio musicians and as part of his live band as well.
Hoglan and Simon also formed a side project called Tenet with Grip Inc. bassist Stuart Carruthers and Interzone frontman Rob Urbinati in early 2002.
In December 2001 Townsend announced, contrary to his earlier public statements, a new Strapping Young Lad album would be released in 2002.
After playing a small number of festivals in 2002, Strapping Young Lad entered the studio in September of that year, to record their third album.
was originally one of two confirmed songs for an EP that was supposed to contain four new songs and four covers.
The band embarked on a headlining tour in the United States in April and May 2005, then went on to tour in Europe.
Starting at the end of June, they toured North America as part of the Sounds of the Underground tour, then joined Fear Factory on the Transgression Tour in the U.S.
While on tour, the band started writing the next album, then continued the work in January 2006, and finished the album by May.
Century Media imposed a strict deadline on the release date of the album; it was to be ready before the 2006 Ozzfest.
In June 2006 Strapping Young Lad embarked on a short festival tour of Europe, including performances at the Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals in Germany and the Download Festival in England, which was followed by a second stage appearance at Ozzfest in July and August, where they played to some of their largest audiences in their career.
So I was just like, I'm going to make this record, and do this stupid Ozzfest thing, and tell a bunch of stupid jokes in front of a lot of people at Download, then I'm just going to fuck off for a while.
The bigger this gets, the less I care, to the point where I just need to go spend some time with my family.
Strapping was about the big middle finger, and it still is, but I don't think it needs to go any further than this.
At the time, Townsend's decision to dissolve the band caused a rift between himself and the remainder of the band, who considered SYL to be at the peak of their popularity and potential at the time; according to Simon, the rest of the band remained estranged from Townsend as a result for a time.
Townsend has since stated that this was a one off performance and that he is not interested getting SYL back together or playing songs at future shows.
He posted to Twitter that he no longer feels the same connection to SYL's music and that this performance was closure for him and Strapping.
In an interview on the Metal Hammer podcast, Townsend said that while he still connects to the music, SYL required him to go to extremes that took a toll on him.
On his own website, he reiterates that SYL was a project that he eventually perceived to be harmful to his mental and physical health.
Many of the band's songs showcased Townsend's versatile vocal style, often changing from screaming, and growling to clean vocals, or even falsetto, within the course of a single song.
To achieve a chaotic and cacophonic sound the band utilized complex time signatures, polyrhythmic composition, blast beats, sampling, keyboard effects and intricately layered production.
Townsend used the newest technology available, such as Pro Tools, Steinberg Cubase and Logic Pro, when recording, mixing and producing the band's songs.
Simon and Stroud listed classic hard rock bands, like AC/DC, Led Zeppelin and Kiss, and old school thrash and death metal bands, like Exodus, Slayer and Morbid Angel among their influences, while Hoglan's influences range wildly in style from Stevie Wonder to progressive rock drummers like Neil Peart, Terry Bozzio and Nick Mason.
He also used the technique of cross-referencing, repeating lines from his own works, such as older Strapping Young Lad, or solo material.
Strapping Young Lad was known for its energetic live performances, mostly owing to the eccentric appearance and persona of Devin Townsend.
Townsend was famous for his on-stage antics; he integrated his ironic and tongue-in-cheek humor into live shows and interacted heavily with the audience.
He would deliver comical, and often insulting remarks to them, organize circle pits, and parody heavy metal clichés as well as the genre itself.
Morton A. Kaplan (May 9, 1921 – September 26, 2017) was Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science, Emeritus, at the University of Chicago.
He was also President of the Professors World Peace Academy International; and Editor of the World&I magazine, published by the Washington Times Corporation, from its founding in 1986 until 2004.
He has held fellowships from the Center of International Studies at Princeton University and from the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.
Virtual sex is sexual activity where two or more people - or one person and a virtual character - gather together via some form of communications equipment to arouse each other by transmitting sexually explicit messages.
There are companies which allow paying customers to actually watch people have live sex or masturbate and at the same time allow themselves to be watched as well.
Distinctions between positive and negative experiences of sexting are mostly dependent on whether consent was given to make and share the images.
, it is illegal for any person's under the age of 18 to consent to any form of virtual sex (only if nude pictures are sent ), because images of minors are considered child pornography.
Mammary intercourse is a sex act, performed as either foreplay or as non-penetrative sex, that involves the stimulation of a man's penis by a woman's breasts and vice versa.
It involves placing the penis between a woman's breasts and moving the penis up and down to simulate sexual penetration and to create sexual pleasure.
Mammary intercourse involves a man kneeling or sitting on a woman's stomach or chest and placing his erect penis between her breasts, and rubbing or thrusting it there, while the breasts are squeezed around the penile shaft, by either the woman or the man, creating tightness similar to masturbation, and in simulation of penetrative sex.
To create a smooth motion, a lubricant, masturbation cream, or saliva may be spread between the breasts or on the penis.
In one variant, the woman can tighten her breasts around the penis and move them up and down to bring the man to orgasm.
Alternative positions are for the man standing while the woman kneels, or the man laying back with the woman on top.
In some cases, the mammary intercourse can be combined with oral sex by the woman who, through fellatio, can bring the man to orgasm.
Mammary intercourse is mostly suited for women with naturally larger breasts, while it is recommended that woman with smaller breasts be on top.
The woman does not receive direct sexual stimulation during mammary intercourse, other than the erotic stimulation of bringing her sexual partner to orgasm, without sexual penetration.
Since mammary intercourse is a non-penetrative sex act, the risk of passing a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that requires direct contact between the mucous membranes and pre-ejaculate or semen is greatly reduced.
HIV is among the infections that require such direct contact and is therefore very unlikely to be transmitted via mammary intercourse.
A study of the condom usage habits of New Zealand's sex workers said that they offered various safe sex alternatives to vaginal sex to clients who refused to wear a condom.
One sex worker said that mammary intercourse was one alternative used; mammary intercourse performed by a woman with large breasts felt to the client like penetrative vaginal sex.
Freud, however, considered such extensions of sexual interest to fall within the range of the normal, unless marked out by exclusivity (i.e.
At that time, the sperm typically covers the intermammary sulcus or part of the breast, and may be called a tie or cravate, because it resembles a business tie.
Prior to CKY, Margera performed in the band Foreign Objects with former CKY vocalist and guitarist Deron Miller, and he has since worked with Gnarkill, Viking Skull, The Company Band and Fuckface Unstoppable.
Jess Margera is the older brother of professional skateboarder and filmmaker Bam Margera, alongside whom he is considered a founding member of the CKY Crew, which worked on the video series of the same name.
He chose to play the drums as he had two uncles who played the instrument, one of whom later worked as a drum technician on a CKY tour.
Along with bassist Ryan Bruni, the duo later performed under the name Oil, before meeting guitarist Chad I Ginsburg (who was then working as an audio engineer) and changing the name of the band to CKY.
Speaking about his replacement of Morrison, Margera has revealed that he unwittingly contributed to the temporary breakup of the band in 2006, after drinking heavily with the band on tour.
In addition to his work with CKY and Viking Skull, in 2007 Margera formed The Company Band, a supergroup featuring Clutch frontman Neil Fallon and Fireball Ministry frontman James Rota.
Each of the bands had toured with one another between 2005 and 2006, after which the group began jamming together and eventually formed into an official band.
The fate of CKY was cast into doubt in 2011, when the band released a video in which each member spoke about their desires for the future of the band; all members but Ginsburg wanted to record solo albums, while the guitarist favoured releasing another CKY album.
Margera has claimed that Davies offered to join the band during a phone call with the drummer, after he had performed on the singer's solo album.
The programme transferred to television in 2003, with an Open University series on BBC Four, which was later repeated on BBC Two.
Like the radio version, the television series was written by Mark Steel, and features a series of sketches, often setting historical events in the modern day, and making numerous pop culture references.
This version saw Steel deliver his lectures on location, with different sections of each programme coming from locations relevant to that part of the story.
Unlike the radio version, there were no audience sounds, which some critics suggested made the comedy sections feel out of place .
The Swazi () are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa, predominantly inhabiting modern Eswatini and South Africa's Mpumalanga province and Mozambique.
The Swazi are part of the Nguni family that can be archaeologically traced in East Africa where the same tradition, beliefs and cultural practices are found.
This lineage is exclusive to the inhabitants of Eswatini, even though there have been more Swazi people that have moved to South Africa and the United Kingdom in the 20th century.
The Swazi people and the Kingdom of Eswatini today are named after Mswati II, who became king in 1839 after the death of his father King Sobhuza who strategically defeated the British who occupied Swaziland.
The Kingdom of Swaziland was a region occupied by the San people of Southern Africa and the current Swazis came in from North Eastern regions through to Mozambique and eventually Swaziland in the 15th century.
The dominant Swati language and culture are factors that unify Swazis as a nation since there is no other language spoken except for English.
The Swazis are Nguni clans, who migrated from North East Africa and later originated in South-east Africa in the fifteenth century, moved into southern Mozambique, and then into present-day Eswatini (Swaziland).
However some of the Swazi people originate from Sotho clans that were also inhabitants of Eswatini which is why the surname Maseko as the original Royal rulers in Eswatini is similar to Maseho in Lesotho.
As part of the Nguni expansion southwards, the Swazis crossed the Limpopo River and settled in southern Tongaland (today in southern Mozambique near Maputo) in the late fifteenth century.
Under the leadership of Dlamini III who took over from the Maseko and settlement took place in 1750, along the Pongola River where it cuts through the Lubombo mountains.
In 1815, Sobhuza I became the king of Swaziland and was responsible for the establishment of Swazi power in central Swaziland.
Here the Swazis continued the process of expansion by conquering numerous small Sotho and Nguni speaking tribes to build up a large composite state today called Swaziland.
In the late 1830s, initial contact occurred with the Boers, who had defeated the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River, and were settling in the territory that would become the South African Republic.
To establish a peaceful coexistence, a substantial portion of Swazi territory was ceded to the Transvaal Boers who were settled around the Lydenburg area in the 1840s.
It was during the rule of Mswati II, that the Swazi nation was further unified and the people and their country became known as they are today.
The Ngwenyama was not a signatory, and the Swazi claim that their territory extends in all directions from the present state.
The number of Swazis in South Africa is slightly larger than that of Swazis in Swaziland, which is approximately 1.1 million people.
The Kings of Eswatini date back to some considerable time to when the Royal line of Dlamini lived in the vicinity of Delagoa Bay.
The 15 founding clans were Dlamini, Nhlabathi, Hlophe, Kunene, Mabuza, Madvonsela, Mamba, Matsebula, Mdluli, Motsa, Ngwenya, Shongwe, Sukati, Tsabedze, Tfwala and Zwane.
On Saturday morning, the bridal party sit by nearby river, eat goat or cow meat offered by groom's family; in the afternoon, they dance in the groom's homestead.
On Sunday morning, the bride, with her female relatives, stabs ground with a spear in man's cattle kraal, later she is smeared with red ochre.
Umhlanga is one of the well known cultural events in Eswatini held in August/September for young unmarried girls to pay homage to the Ndlovukati.
Most Swazis intertwine this belief with modern day Christianity that was brought by the missionaries, yet many remain faithful to their original African spiritual beliefs.
The album contains six songs by each band, with each band's songs being covers of songs originally performed by the other band.
One with a green cover, which had the songs performed by NOFX followed by the songs performed by Rancid, and one with an orange cover, which placed Rancid's songs ahead of NOFX's (the order of the songs by each band remains identical).
Leigh Eddings (30 September 1937 – 28 February 2007; née Judith Leigh Schall), was the wife of David Eddings and co-author of many of his later works and uncredited co-author of his early works, and married him 27 October 1962.
She had been in the Air Force and had been described by her husband as a world-class cook, a highly skilled fisherwoman and an excellent markswoman.
It was Lester del Rey who believed that multi-authorships were a problem and that it would be better if David Edding's name alone appeared on the books.
Esteban Rodríguez Miró y Sabater, KOS (1744 – June 4, 1795), also known as Esteban Miro and Estevan Miro, was a Spanish army officer and governor of the Spanish American provinces of Louisiana and Florida.
Miró was one of the most popular of the Spanish governors, largely because of his prompt response to the Great New Orleans Fire (1788), which destroyed almost all of the city.
Esteban Miró was born in Reus (currently in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia), Spain, to Francisco Miró and Marian de Miró y Sabater.
In 1779 during the American Revolutionary War and Anglo-Spanish War (1779–83), Miró was a part of the forces commanded by Bernardo de Gálvez in campaigns against the British in West Florida.
Spain had taken over this territory from France after the latter's defeat in 1763 by Great Britain in the Seven Years' War.
After the Revolutionary War, Miró was a key figure in Spain's boundary dispute with the U.S. over the northern boundary of West Florida.
In 1767, the northern boundary was moved to 32°28' north latitude (from the current location of Vicksburg, Mississippi, east to the Chattahoochee River).
In 1783, Britain recognized the Spanish conquest of West Florida in the war, but it did not specify the northern border.
Britain had also granted free navigation on the Pearl River to the United States, even in areas where Spain claimed both sides of the river.
In 1784, the Spanish government closed the lower Mississippi River to the Americans, causing significant fear and resentment among settlers in the western frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee, who depended on river trade and the major port of New Orleans.
The settlers' anger was directed as much toward the U.S. government for not acting aggressively enough to protect their interests as it was against Spain.
A significant faction within Kentucky considered becoming an independent republic rather than joining the U.S. One of the leaders of this faction was James Wilkinson, who met with Miró in 1787, declared his allegiance to Spain, and secretly acted as an agent for Spain.
Miró fortified Nogales (present-day Vicksburg) and the mouth of the Mississippi against the possibility of war with the U.S. After the Good Friday fire in March of 1788 destroyed almost all of the city of New Orleans, Miró arranged for tents for residents, brought in food from warehouses, sent ships to Philadelphia for aid, and lifted Spanish regulations restricting trade to the city.
The city of New Orleans (today's French Quarter), was rebuilt with more fire-resistant buildings of brick, plaster, heavy masonry, ceramic tiled roofs, and courtyards.
Wherefore, after having made his investigations with the utmost secrecy and precaution, he notified Mirò that, in order to carry, as he was commanded, his instructions into perfect execution in all their parts, he might soon, at some late hour of the night, deem it necessary to require some guards to assist him in his operations.
Not many hours had elapsed since the reception of this communication by the Governor, when night came, and the representative of the Holy Inquisition was quietly reposing in bed, when he was roused from his sleep by a heavy knocking.
Thinking that they had come to obey his commands, in consequence of his letter to the Governor, he said: 'My friends, I thank you and his Excellency for the readiness of this compliance with my request.
The Distillers are an American punk rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1998 by vocalist and guitarist Brody Dalle.
The Distillers first came together in late 1998, when Australian-born guitarist Brody Dalle met bassist Kim Chi and the two bonded over their love for playing punk rock.
By the end of the year, Kim Chi had left the group to join Exene Cervenka in her band, the Original Sinners.
By summer 2002, The Distillers were composed of Dalle, Sinn, and new drummer Andy Granelli; joint American dates with No Doubt and Garbage were planned for later that fall.
Granelli left the band in early 2005, moving on to play with Darker My Love, and by summer, Sinn had exited as well, later joining up with Angels and Airwaves.
In early 2006, Dalle had her first child, daughter Camille, with new husband Josh Homme of Queens of the Stone Age.
In January 2018, Dalle shared a teaser video from The Distillers' Instagram and a newly-opened Twitter account to confirm the return of the band.
Initially, it was believed the four Twitter accounts that The Distillers' Twitter was following, would make up the 2018 line-up of the band: Dalle, Bradley, Granelli and former Spinnerette member Alain Johannes.
It was later announced that the band would perform their first official show in over 13 years at The Casbah in San Diego, California in late April 2018.
On April 28th 2019, The Distillers announced they would be entering the studio with English music producer Nick Launay who has worked with Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Arcade Fire, Kate Bush, Talking Heads, David Byrne, INXS and many more.
Part Two consists of twenty-four chapters, each demonstrating the lesson by tracing the effects of one common economic belief, and exposing common economic belief as a series of fallacies.
If you simply read and comprehend these relatively short texts, you will know far more than most educated people about economics and government.
Economist J. Bradford DeLong said Hazlitt's book well states the Classical view of economics, but does not properly address arguments made by Keynesians.
In a paperback edition in 1961, a new chapter was added on rent control, which had not been specifically considered in the first edition apart from government price-fixing in general.
Following World War II, Chuikov was Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (1949–53), commander of the Kiev Military District (1953–60), Chief of the Soviet Armed Forces and Deputy Minister of Defense (1960–64), and head of the Soviet Civil Defense Forces (1961–72).
Chuikov was twice awarded the titles Hero of the Soviet Union (1944 and 1945) and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by the United States for his actions during the Battle of Stalingrad.
Following his death in 1982, he was interred at the Stalingrad memorial at Mamayev Kurgan, which had been the site of heavy fighting.
Born into a peasant family in the village of Serebryanye Prudy in the Tula region south of Moscow, Chuikov was the eighth of 12 children and the fifth of eight sons.
At the age of 12, he left school and his family home to earn his living in a factory in Saint Petersburg, turning out spurs for cavalry officers.
In October 1918, Chuikov saw active service when he was sent to the Southern Front as a deputy company commander to fight against the White Army.
In the spring of 1919, he became commander of the 40th Regiment (later renamed the 43rd), part of the 5th Army under Tukhachevsky facing the White Army under Kolchak in Siberia.
In the fighting from 1919 to 1920 he received two awards of the Order of the Red Banner for bravery and heroism.
He was wounded four times—one, in Poland in 1920, left a fragment in his left arm that could not be operated on.
Chuikov carried this war wound for the rest of his life, and it eventually led to septicaemia breaking out in 1981, causing a nine-month illness and finally his death.
He left his regiment in 1921 to continue his studies at the Frunze Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1925.
On account of his excellent academic performance, Chuikov was invited to stay at the Frunze Military Academy for another year to study Chinese language and history in the Orient Studies Department.
In the fall of 1926, Chuikov joined a Soviet diplomatic delegation that toured Harbin, Changchun, Port Arthur, Dalian, Tianjin and Beijing, cities in northeastern and northern China.
Chuikov traveled extensively in southern China and Sichuan, became fluent in Chinese, and gained a deeper understanding of Chinese politics and culture.
In 1929, during the China Eastern Railway Incident, Chuikov was forced to leave China after the Soviet Union broke diplomatic relations with the Republic of China on July 13.
Chuikov was assigned to the newly-formed Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army in Khabarovsk and worked on military intelligence, reporting to Vasily Blyukher, the commander of the Far Eastern Army.
The Soviet Far Eastern Army defeated the Northeastern Army of Zhang Xueliang, and Chuikov participated in negotiations that restored Soviet control of the China Eastern Railway.
According to Chuikov's memoirs, his recall was due to Nationalist China claiming that the USSR was providing military aid as part of an attempt to draw the USSR into the Second Sino-Japanese War.
On returning to Moscow, Chuikov was placed in command of the 64th Army, on the west bank of the Don River.
The 64th Army took part in the fighting withdrawal to Stalingrad, and shortly before the Battle of Stalingrad itself began, Chuikov was made commanding general of the more important weak 62nd Army (later 8th Guards), which was to hold Stalingrad itself, with the 64th on its southern flank.
Chuikov had witnessed firsthand the blitzkrieg tactics the Wehrmacht had used to sweep across the Russian steppe, so he used the Germans' carpet-bombing of the city to draw panzer units into the rubble and chaos, where their progress was impeded.
This tactic also rendered the Luftwaffe ineffective, since Stuka dive-bombers could not attack Red Army positions without endangering their own forces.
Chuikov then commanded the 8th Guards as part of 1st Belorussian Front and led its advance through Poland, finally heading the Soviet offensive which conquered Berlin while the Western Allied forces were wiping out what was left in Southern and Western Germany in April/May 1945.
Chuikov's advance through Poland was characterized by massive advances across difficult terrain (on several occasions, the 8th Guards Army advanced over in a single day).
On 1 May 1945, Chuikov, who commanded his army operating in central Berlin, was the first Allied officer to learn about Adolf Hitler's suicide, being informed by General Hans Krebs who had come to Chuikov's headquarters under a white flag.
After the war, Chuikov continued to command the 8th Guards Army in Germany, later serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany from 1949 until 1953, when he was made commander of the Kiev Military District.
From 1961 until his death, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
He was a major consultant for the design of the Stalingrad battle memorial on Mamayev Kurgan, and was buried there after his death at the age of 82.
The river is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and flows from the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park to the Madawaska River.
The river begins in the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park at Yorkend Lake, in geographic Clyde Township in the municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County.
It flows west out of the park through geographic Eyre Township and Harburn Township, then loops back east into the southernmost part of the park in geographic Bruton Township.
It takes in the left tributary North York River just before Branch Lake, turns southeast, passes over the High Falls, and exits the park into Benoir Lake.
The river leaves the lake south at the lake's southeast tip, controlled by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources-operated Baptiste Lake Dam, enters the town of Bancroft, and passes over the Bancroft Light & Power Generating Station and dam.
The river is crossed by Ontario Highway 28 and Ontario Highway 62 in the town centre, then turns east and northeast.
It is crossed again by Ontario Highway 28, passes over Egan Chute and Fram Chute at Egan Chutes Provincial Park, and briefly reenters Hastings Highlands at geographic Monteagle Township.
The rivers continues northeast into geographic Carlow Township in the municipality of Carlow/Mayo, passes over the Conroy Rapids and enters the Conroy Marsh, a provincially significant wetland.
As the river flows through the marsh, it first passes into the municipality of Brudenell, Lyndoch and Raglan, Renfrew County, then takes in the right tributary Little Mississippi River.
The river then reaches its mouth as a right tributary of the Madawaska River in geographic Radcliffe Township in the municipality of Madawaska Valley, near the community of Mayhews Landing.
In the second half of the 19th century, the river was used to transport logs out of the forests surrounding its watershed.
Now, parts of this river have been turned into a provincial waterway park as well as a provincial nature reserve (at Egan Chute).
Arthur Desmond Herne Plummer, Baron Plummer of St Marylebone, TD, DL, FRSA (25 May 1914 – 2 October 2009) was a British Conservative Party politician in London and the longest serving Leader of the Greater London Council 1967 - 1973.
He qualified as a Surveyor but his career was curtailed by World War II where he served with the Royal Engineers leaving with the rank of Major.
In 1950 he was awarded the Territorial Decoration for long service in the Territorial Army, and he was a member of the Territorial Army Sports Board from 1953 until 1979.
He was selected as a Conservative candidate for a byelection to the London County Council in St Marylebone in 1960, and returned unopposed for the safe seat.
By 1966 Plummer was chosen as Leader of the Opposition in succession to Sir Percy Rugg, just a year before the GLC elections.
One of Plummer's first acts was the official opening of the Southbound Blackwall Tunnel, as witnessed by an inscription on its entrance .
His GLC pioneered the sale of council housing, and negotiated from the Government the power to run the London Underground and the rest of London Transport in 1969.
The Conservatives were re-elected under Plummer in 1970 a few weeks before the general election, although Labour regained control of the Inner London Education Authority.
Plummer believed that London's streets, constructed before the car, were insufficient to cope with the growing traffic, and proposed to deal with the problem by creating urban Motorways in the 'Motorway Box'.
The first stretch to be built was the Westway from Marylebone to Acton, which involved the demolition of thousands of homes and building a large concrete flyover which continues to be the major route into central London from the west.
Residents in areas where the new motorways were to go declared their firm opposition, and the Labour opposition pledged to scrap the schemes and instead subsidise public transport.
This, combined with the difficulties of Edward Heath's Conservative government, led to Plummer and the Conservatives being voted out in 1973.
He had already been Chairman of his own Association in 1965, and served on the Executive of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations from 1967 to 1976.
Plummer resigned the Leadership of the Conservative Group on the GLC that year, to be succeeded by Horace Cutler, and resigned from the Council in 1976.
He also took up the job of President of the Political Committee of the Carlton Club, the leading Conservative club, from 1979 to 1984.
He was created a life peer on 29 May 1981 as Baron Plummer of St Marylebone in the City of Westminster.
He was not, as some authors have said, an angler but a supporter of making the Thames clean and took an active interest in the angling clubs on the river.
The group also added multimedia and performance art elements to their live shows, which often featured support from like-minded acts such as The Need.
Samson had previously worked with the band as a roadie and the operator of the band's slideshow during the few live performances before Benning's departure.
The cover became a moderate dance hit in Europe, peaking at number five on the Belgian Dance Chart, and at number sixty-six on the UK Singles Chart.
The hall is home to The Hallé orchestra and the Hallé Youth Orchestra and Choir, and is the primary concert venue for the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra.
The venue is named after the Third Duke of Bridgewater who commissioned the eponymous Bridgewater Canal that crosses Manchester, although the hall is situated on a specially constructed arm of the Rochdale Canal.
Proposals to replace the concert venue in the Free Trade Hall existed since it was damaged in the Second World War but the hall, which was home to The Hallé orchestra was repaired and renovated.
Throughout the 1970s and 80s several schemes to replace it were considered but the project became more likely in 1988 after the creation of the Central Manchester Development Corporation.
In the 1990s, land east of Lower Mosley Street and north of Great Bridgewater Street adjacent to the G-Mex exhibition centre (now Manchester Central Convention Complex) which was occupied by a former bus station and car park near the Rochdale Canal was identified as the site for a new hall.
A competition inviting architects to present designs for the new concert hall was launched and a proposal by Renton Howard Wood Levin (RHWL) architects was chosen.
The development included the construction of a basin on a specially built short arm of the Rochdale Canal and part of the Manchester & Salford Junction Canal providing a waterfront setting for the hall.
The Bridgewater Hall held its first concert on 11 September 1996 and was officially opened on 4 December by Queen Elizabeth II, alongside the Duke of Edinburgh.
The Bridgewater Hall was one of a number of structures built in the 1990s that symbolised the transition to a new and modern Manchester following de-industrialisation and the 1996 bombing.
Construction of the hall was a joint venture between Manchester City Council and the Central Manchester Development Corporation who obtained funding from the European Regional Development Fund The architects were RHWL and the builders were John Laing.
The main auditorium sits on a foundation of earthquake-proof isolation bearings that insulate it from noise and vibration from the adjacent road and Metrolink line.
The lower part of the hall is built of deep red sandstone from Corsehill Quarry in Annan, the upper walls are clad in aluminium and glass.
Inside the hall, the focal point is a £1.2 million pipe organ with 5500 pipes and four manuals, built by Marcussen & Son, which dominates the auditorium, covering the rear wall with wood and burnished metal.
Since its opening on 11 September 1996, it has been the home of the Hallé Orchestra, the Hallé Choir and the Manchester Boys Choir, and is a regular venue for concerts by the BBC Philharmonic and Manchester Camerata.
From September 2002 it has been home to the Hallé Youth Orchestra and Youth Choir, founded for musicians under the age of nineteen who are not in full-time musical education.
The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP ) is an international non-governmental organization whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation in physics, and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity.
IUPAP carries out this Mission by: sponsoring international meetings; fostering communications and publications; encouraging research and education; fostering the free circulation of scientists; promoting international agreements on the use of symbols, units, nomenclature and standards; and cooperating with other organizations on disciplinary and interdisciplinary problems.
The Council is its top executive body, supervising the activities of the nineteen specialized International Commissions and the four Affiliated Commissions – it typically meets once or twice per year.
Members of the Council and Commissions are elected by the General Assembly, based on nominations received from Liaison Committees and existing Council and Commission members.
In addition IUPAP has established a number of Working Groups to provide an overview of important areas of international collaboration in physics.
These provide a broad overview of an entire field (typically the field of interest to a Commission), and normally occur at two- or three-year intervals, as advances in the field warrant.
Unlike the Type A, B and C conferences, they do not need to be truly international, but should involve neighbouring countries, and they should address the needs of the region.
The school, which was incorporated into a Jesuit residence in the present Abbeygate Street, continued in Galway through a time of political upheaval and military activity.
In 1859, at the request of the Bishop of Galway, the Jesuits once more took up residence in the city, this time in Prospect Hill and served in the nearby St. Patrick’s Church.
Within a year they had opened a college near the site of the present Bank of Ireland at 19 Eyre Square.
The college’s present location on Sea Road dates from 1863, when it was built the same year as the Jesuit church next door, St Ignatius Church.
The local enthusiasm for the language revival efforts of the emerging Republic of Ireland was to be served by a re-invigorated Coláiste Iognáid, which became an Irish-medium School in 1931.
In 1969, with the co-operation of management and staff, coupled with the help of parents, past pupils, and friends of the Jesuits, the present main school building, the Griffin Building, was built.
Following consultation with staff and Jesuits, the school established the Board of Management in 1980 to take shared responsibility for all aspects of the school – the first agreed board of its kind in Ireland.
This produced a new science block (O’Reilly Building), a refurbished classroom block (Andrews Building), a library, and art, computer, and co-educational facilities.
Coláíste Íognáíd is a non-fee-paying, co-educational, secondary school, comprising Jesuit and lay staff and catering to a broad spectrum of social and academic intake.
In the three-year junior cycle all pupils follow the Junior Certificate syllabus in the core subjects of Irish, English, maths, French, commerce, science, geography, history, S.P.H.E., and C.S.P.E., as well as religion and physical education.
There are also options to study home economics, technical graphics, art, music (each student studies one of these), and German, which can be chosen instead of French.
The subjects taken are as follows: accounting, art - design & craft, career guidance, computers, English (in 4 modules - media studies, modern fiction, drama, creative writing), French, Gaeilge, geography, German, history, home economics, safety, home maintenance, mathematics, music, P.E., religious education, science, Spanish, and social studies.
In addition to religious education, pupils study Irish, English, maths, French, and a choice of three from chemistry, accountancy, German, art, physics, geography, economics, music, biology, history, business, home economics (social and scientific), and design and communication graphics.
As circumstances allow, the school provides the following sports: rowing, Gaelic football, rugby, hockey, soccer, basketball, canoeing, athletics, swimming and mountaineering.
With many of the nearby schools, extra-curricular activities pupils enter city, provincial, and national competitions like Feile Scoil Dramaiochta, Feis Cheoil na hÉireann, Concern and Denny debates, the Young Scientist Competition, golf, and the various blitz, cup, and league fixtures and regattas.
The Jes S (Senior XV) have been the most successful side in Connacht since the new millennium, having won the Connacht Schools Senior Cup a record Eight times (2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2016 and 2017).
In all since the School's first Cup win 1924, the school has a record of having won the Senior Cup on 14 occasions (second in the all time winners list) from 1913 to 2017, with several further final appearances.
In the 2007-2008 season the school progressed to the Connacht Schools Senior Cup Final where they met Marist College, Athlone and won 10-7.
In 2008–2009, the Jes beat Sligo Grammar School 10–3 to record their 11th victory in this competition and move up to third in the all-time-winners list.
The Jes returned to the final for season 2015/16, resulting in the Cup returning to Sea Road after a 16-15 win over Garbally College.
The Junior Rugby Team (Jes J) reached the final of the Connacht Schools Junior Cup in recent years in 2006 and lost to Garbally 12–20.
The junior side have been Connacht Champions on four occasions (1918, 1978, 1981,1987) and have been finalists in 1999 and 1989 though records are incomplete.
In 2008 and 2009 the Senior team won the Connacht Schools Senior Cup with victories over Taylor's Hill and Our Lady's Bower Secondary School, Athlone, respectively in the finals.
They then participated in the 2008-2009 ESB Kate Russell All-Ireland Girls Schools Finals where they beat Foyle and Londonderry College 3-2 in the final.
Coláiste Iognáid Rowing Club (CIRC) has won various regional and national trophies as well as having members represent Ireland in international competitions.
At the 2008, Coup de la Jeunesse at the NRC, Cork, Eddie Mullarkey was in the two-bow seat of the men's coxed four that took silver.
In the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, Cormac Folan, a former student, competed in the bowseat of the Heavyweight Four, finishing 10th overall.
At the 2009 European Junior Rowing Championships at Vichy, France, Zoe Mannion and Aifric Keogh representing Ireland finished second to Britain to win a silver medal in the women's junior pairs.
Three weeks previously, rowing as Coláiste Iognáid, the pair won the junior title at the Irish National Rowing Championships held in Cork.
The Jes has teams participating in regional girls' competitions at the senior and under-16 level and in boys' competitions in the under-16, second, and first-year age groups.
The under-14 and under-16 teams qualified for the knockout round of the Connacht schools cup – both coming through their groups through disqualification.
The current society, founded in 2007 by students Leah Colclough and Ciaran Garrett (winner of 2012 ESU John Smith Memorial International Mace), convenes every week and is open to all students.
The school was represented in the National Junior Mace finals every year of its existence and also qualified for ICYD nine times (2010,2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017).
In 2015 (Frank O'Neill and Eoghan Finn) and 2017 (Kate Duggan and Conor O'Sullivan), the school qualified for Cambridge Senior International.
From 2008 to 2009 and in 2014, 2015,2016, the society won both the NUIG Junior and Senior Maces as well as being runners up in the All-Ireland Denny Schools Debating Competition.
Students featured as representatives to the Irish National Session of the European Youth Parliament and were selected to the National Schools’ Debate Team.
From 2012 to 2013, the society were champions at the West of Ireland Senior Final, the Coláiste na hInse Junior Mace, and the National Junior Mace 2013.
The following year, in 2015, the school won it again, meaning that since its first involvement in 2004 the school has won it most of any school.
It is a national school and is the main primary school of the college, located on Bothar Na Sliogan, 200m from the college.
The Sorbian alphabet is based on the ISO basic Latin alphabet but uses diacritics such as the acute accent and the caron, making it similar to the Czech and Polish alphabets.
The alphabet is used for the Sorbian languages, although some letters are used in only one of the two languages (Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian).
Flemming was a school teacher and lumberman before entering politics and serving as Provincial Secretary-Treasurer from 1908 to 1911 and Minister of Lands and Mines from 1911-1914.
Nevertheless, Flemming remained popular and won a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1925 federal election and again in the 1926 election.
His son, Hugh John Flemming took over the business and too entered politics, serving as Premier of New Brunswick from 1952 to 1960.
The Mark Steel Solution was initially broadcast on BBC Radio 5 for a series, before three series were broadcast on BBC Radio 4.
Delivered by Mark Steel, each scripted lecture presents persuasive, yet witty, arguments for a seemingly bizarre solution to a contemporary social problem by highlighting the flaws in the present system.
Known by his second name, Douglas, he entered politics in 1885 when he was elected as an alderman in Fredericton, New Brunswick.
As premier, Hazen fought political corruption and attempts by the federal government to reduce the Maritime provinces' representation in the federal House of Commons.
Douglas Hazen left provincial politics in 1911 to become federal Minister of Marine and Fisheries and Minister of the Naval Service in the government of Sir Robert Borden.
For his years of service to The Crown and to Canada, in 1918 Douglas Hazen was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George by King George V.
Sir Douglas Hazen Park in Oromocto, New Brunswick and Sir Douglas Hazen Hall at the University of New Brunswick, Saint John are named in his honour.
German-Jewish history is documented in the collections, the library and the archive, and is reflected in the museum's program of events.
Opposite the building ensemble, the W. Michael Blumenthal Academy of the Jewish Museum Berlin was built – also after a design by Libeskind – in 2011/2012 in the former flower market hall.
The first Jewish Museum in Berlin was founded on 24 January 1933, under the leadership of Karl Schwartz, six days before the Nazis officially gained power.
The museum was built next to the Neue Synagoge on Oranienburger Straße and, in addition to curating Jewish history, also featured collections of modern Jewish art.
The museum's art collection was also seen as a contribution to German art history and one of the last exhibitions to be held was a retrospective of the German impressionist, Ernst Oppler in 1937.
To reflect this focus on living history, the entrance hall of the museum both contained busts of prominent German Jews, such as Moses Mendelssohn and Abraham Geiger, and also a number of works by contemporary Jewish artists such as Arnold Zadikow and Lesser Ury.
On 10 November 1938, during the 'November Pogroms', known as Kristallnacht, the museum was shut down by the Gestapo, and the museum's inventory was confiscated.
The empty museum was completed in 1999 and attracted over 350,000 people before it was filled and opened on 9 September 2001.
The Libeskind building, consisting of about 161,000 square feet (15,000 square meters), is a twisted zig-zag and is accessible only via an underground passage from the old building.
Third, that only through the acknowledgement and incorporation of this erasure and void of Jewish life in Berlin, can the history of Berlin and Europe have a human future.
Here a similarity to Libeskind's first building – the Felix Nussbaum Haus – is apparent, which is also divided into three areas with different meanings.
In Berlin, the three axes symbolize three paths of Jewish life in Germany – continuity in German history, emigration from Germany, and the Holocaust.
The bare concrete Tower is neither heated nor cooled, and its only light comes from a small slit in its roof.
In 2016, a jury appointed by the Jewish Museum Berlin awarded the first prize in an architectural competition for a new €3.44 million children's museum for 5 to 12 year-olds to Olson Kundig Architects; the second prize was awarded to the Berlin firm Staab Architekten and third prize to Michael Wallraff of Vienna.
The planned children's museum will be housed in the W. Michael Blumenthal Academy and is scheduled to open in spring 2020.
Visitors still have access to the axes in the basement of the Libeskind Building, the Garden of Exile, and the Voids.
The Baroque period was regarded through the lens of Glikl bas Judah Leib (1646–1724, also known as Glückel von Hameln), who left a diary detailing her life as a Jewish business woman in Hamburg.
The intellectual and personal legacies of philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786) were next; both figures were flanked by depictions of Jews in court and country.
The Age of Emancipation in the nineteenth century was presented as a time of optimism, achievement and prosperity, though setbacks and disappointments were displayed as well.
In the section on National Socialism, emphasis was placed on the ways in which Jews reacted to the increasing discrimination against them, such as founding Jewish schools and social services.
Towards the end of the exhibition, two major Nazi trials of the post-war period were examined – the Frankfurt Auschwitz trial (1963-1965) and the Majdanek trial in Düsseldorf (1975-1981).
The exhibition tour concluded with an audio installation of people who grew up in Germany reporting on their childhood and youth after 1945.
Visitors are invited to walk on the faces and listen to the sounds created by the metal sheets, as they clang and rattle against one another.
The museum archive safeguards over 1,500 family bequests, in particular from the eras of the Empire, the First World War, and Nazism.
Since September 2001, there has been a branch of the archive of the New York Leo Baeck Institute at the Jewish Museum.
The LBI has its principal office in New York and holds the most comprehensive collection of materials on the history of Jews in Germany, Austria, and other German-speaking areas in Central Europe of the last 300 years – including about one million documents such as local authority records, personal documents, correspondence, a photo archive as well as numerous testimonies from religious, social, cultural, intellectual, political, and economic life.
Until March 2017, Jewish history was presented in a multimedia and interactive way at 17 computer terminals for individual visitors and groups.
The Academy of the Jewish Museum Berlin was opened in 2012 to create a place of research and discussion that goes beyond Jewish history and present, expanding the museum's spectrum to include the themes of migration and diversity.
The Jewish Museum Berlin Foundation receives an annual grant from the funds of the Federal Government Commissioner for Cultural Affairs and the Media; this covers around three-quarters of its total budget.
Since 2002, the Jewish Museum Berlin and the Friends and Patrons of the Jewish Museum Berlin have presented the annual Prize for Understanding and Tolerance.
In February 2019, the German government indicated that it would take steps to prevent the museum becoming a platform for BDS.
In June 2019, then-director Schäfer used the museum's official Twitter account to retweet a call by 240 Jewish and Israeli academics for the German government to not equate BDS with anti-Semitism, to protect freedom of expression and assembly, and to fight anti-Semitism.
This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table).
According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide.
In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country.
Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment).
According to surveys, the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany, are the German culture, outdoor activities and countryside, and the German cities.
From the late 18th century onwards, cities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were major stops on a European Grand tour.
Rugia and Usedom islands, Heiligendamm, Norderney and Sylt islands) particularly developed during the 19th and early 20th century, when major train routes were built to connect the seaside spas to urban centers.
At rivers and close to natural landscapes (along the Middle Rhine valley and in Saxon Switzerland for example) many health spas, hotels and recreational facilities were established since the 19th century.
Since the end of World War II tourism has expanded greatly, as many tourists visit Germany to experience a sense of European history and the diverse German landscape.
The country features 14 national parks, including the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park.
Small and medium-sized cities often preserved their historical appearance and have old towns with remarkable architectural heritage - these are called Altstadt in German.
The table below shows the distribution of national and international visitor nights spent in each of the sixteen states of Germany in 2017.
With 18.472 nights per 1.000 inhabitants, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has the highest density of tourists per population (German median: 5.568 nights per 1.000 people).
The official body for tourism in Germany is the German National Tourist Board (GNTB), represented worldwide by National Tourist Offices in 29 countries.
Surveys by the GNTB include perceptions and reasons for holidaying in Germany, which are as follows: culture (75%), outdoors/countryside (59%), cities (59%), cleanliness (47%), security (41%), modernity (36%), good hotels (35%), good gastronomy/cuisine (34%), good accessibility (30%), cosmopolitanism/hospitality (27%), good shopping opportunities (21%), exciting nightlife (17%) and good price/performance ratio (10%) (multiple answers were possible).
The most visited tourist regions in Germany are the East Frisian and North Frisian Islands, the Baltic Sea coasts of Holstein, Mecklenburg and Vorpommern, the Rhine Valley, the Bavarian and Black Forest, and the Bavarian Alps.
Since the 1930s, local and regional governments have set up various theme routes, to help visitors get to know a specific region and its cultural or scenic qualities.
Other popular German theme routes include parts of the European Route of Brick Gothic and European Route of Industrial Heritage, the Harz-Heide Road, Bertha Benz Memorial Route and Bergstrasse.
The main winter sport regions in Germany are the Bavarian Alps and Northern Limestone Alps, as well as the Ore Mountains, Harz Mountains, Fichtel Mountains and Bavarian Forest within the Central Uplands.
In terms of numbers of overnight stays, travel to the twelve largest cities in Germany more than doubled between 1995 and 2005, the largest increase of any travel destination.
Consequently, the provision and supply of more and higher standards of cultural, entertainment, hospitality, gastronomic, and retail services also attract more international guests.
Other cities and towns with over 1 million nights per year are Rostock, Hannover, Bremen, Cuxhaven, Bonn, Freiburg, Münster, Lübeck, Wiesbaden, Essen and Regensburg.
Berlin has a yearly total of about 135 million day visitors, which puts it in third place among the most-visited city destinations in the European Union.
In the first half of 2012, there was an increase of over 10% compared to the same period the year before.
The tourism sector employs more than 175,000 people full-time and brings in revenue of €9.3 billion, making the tourism industry a major economic force in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
The area of Reeperbahn in the quarter St. Pauli is Europe's largest red light district and home of strip clubs, brothels, bars and nightclubs.
Hamburg's famous zoo, the Tierpark Hagenbeck, was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures.
Germany is home to several of the world's largest trade fairgrounds, and many of the international exhibitions are considered trend-setters or industry leaders.
Other much visited architectural landmarks include the Drosselgasse in Rüdesheim (), the medieval old towns of Rothenburg ob der Tauber (), Regensburg (), Frauenkirche in Dresden (), Bad Münstereifel (), the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and the Holsten Gate in Lübeck .
In immunology, the mononuclear phagocyte system or mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or macrophage system) is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue.
The mononuclear phagocyte system is also a somewhat dated concept trying to combine a broad range of cells, and should be used with caution.
The monocyte is formed in the bone marrow and transported by the blood; it migrates into the tissues, where it transforms into a histiocyte or a macrophage.
Macrophages are diffusely scattered in the connective tissue and in liver (Kupffer cells), spleen and lymph nodes (sinus histiocytes), lungs (alveolar macrophages), and central nervous system (microglia).
The half-life of blood monocytes is about 1 day, whereas the life span of tissue macrophages is several months or years.
Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable was a 70 mm film, shown in the Harvest Theater in The Land pavilion at Epcot in Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida.
He explained to them that, at first, they were small in numbers, so they only took what they needed to survive, which at that time wasn't much.
Timon and Pumbaa are initially excited by man's developments, but Simba shows them the price that comes with the human necessities.
He explains that humans have caused harm to the environment with their excessive consumption through activity such as deforestation, endangerment of species and pollution.
He says that once humans realized what they were destroying, they began to repair the damage through recycling, alternative energy and conservation programs.
Timon and Pumbaa decide to help the humans give back to nature, but Simba shows them that they already can at home.
At the beginning of every mission, the player must 'start up' the machine and operating system; this is handled through a series of switches and buttons dedicated to this purpose.
This allows a newer, more advanced operating system, startup sequence, and combat functions, as well as a wider cockpit view and layout.
In order to both raise worldwide awareness of physics and celebrate the major advances made in the field, the World Congress of Physical Societies proposed and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics resolved that 2005 should be commemorated as the World Year of Physics.
Composers began setting the poems to music less than ten years after their first appearance, and many parodists have satirised Housman's themes and poetic style.
He had more than a year to think about it, since most of the poems he chose to include in his collection were written in 1895, while he was living at Byron Cottage in Highgate.
The book was published the following year, partly at the author's expense, after it had already been rejected by one publisher.
At first the book sold slowly; the initial printing of 500 copies, some 160 of which were sent to the US, did not clear until 1898.
Sales revived during the Second Boer War (1899–1902), due in part to the prominence of military themes and of dying young.
Initially he declined royalty payments, so as to keep the price down, and also encouraged small, cheap pocket (and even waistcoat pocket) editions.
By 1911 sales were at an annual average of 13,500 copies, and by its fiftieth anniversary there had been approaching a hundred UK and US editions.
Housman later repeated the claim made in the final poem of the sequence (LXIII) to have had a young male readership in mind.
They responded to Housman's lament for the transience of love, idealism and youth in what was in essence a half-imaginary pastoral countryside in a county only visited by him after he had begun writing the poems.
Not all the poems are in the same voice and there are various kinds of dialogue between the speaker and others, including conversations beyond the grave.
The collection begins with an imperial theme by paying tribute to the Shropshire lads who have died as soldiers in the service of The Queen Empress, as her golden jubilee (1887) is celebrated with a beacon bonfire on Clee Hill (I).
The poet exchanges a glance with a marching soldier and wishes him well, thinking they will never cross paths again (XXII).
The hostility of the ancient Saxon and Briton are in his blood, and he owes his life to violence and rape (XXVIII).
(XXXII) If he is of no use to those he loves, he will leave, perhaps to enlist as a soldier (XXXIV, XXXV).
The wind sighs across England to him from Shropshire, but he will not see the broom flowering gold on Wenlock Edge (XXXVIII-XL).
London is full of cold-hearted men who fear and hate one another, but he will make the best of life while he has a living will (XLIII).
These two poems were suggested by a report on the death of a naval cadet in August 1895 who had left behind him a letter mentioning these reasons for taking his own life.
He was happy before he was born, but he will endure life for a while: the cure for all sorrows will come in time (XLVIII).
If crowded and noisy London has its troubles, so do quiet Clun and Knighton, and the only cure for any of them is the grave (L).
From the grave the suicide's ghost visits the beloved (LIII), a theme apparently derived from a traditional ballad of the unquiet grave type.
Like the lad that becomes a soldier, one can choose to face death young rather than put it off out of cowardice (LVI).
It matters not if he sleeps among the suicides, or among those who died well – they were all his friends (LXI).
Some mock his melancholy thoughts but he has used them like the poisons sampled by Mithridates and will survive to die old (LXII).
All but eight poems in the collection have been set to music, and eleven of them in ten or more settings.
Several composers wrote song cycles in which the poems, taken out of their sequence in the collection, contrast with each other or combine in a narrative dialogue.
Charles Wilfred Orr, who made 24 Housman settings, united some in cycles of two (1921-2), seven (1934) and three songs (1940).
The example of rather traditional woodcuts was also taken up in the US in the Peter Pauper Press edition (Mount Vernon, NY, 1942) with its 'scenic decorations' by Aldren Watson (1917-2013); that too saw later reprintings.
Other American editions have included the Illustrated Editions issue (New York, 1932) with drawings by Elinore Blaisdell (1900–94) and the Heritage Press edition (New York, 1935) with coloured woodcuts by Edward A. Wilson (1886-1970).
Translations of poems from all of Housman's collections into Classical Greek and Latin have been made since he first appeared as an author.
In the same year, a pink climbing rose with a strong fragrance, bred by David Austin, was also named after the book.
A trowel is a small hand tool used for digging, applying, smoothing, or moving small amounts of viscous or particulate material.
A power trowel is a much larger gasoline or electrically powered walk-behind device with rotating paddles used to finish concrete floors.
Numerous forms of trowel are used in masonry, concrete, and drywall construction, as well as applying adhesives such as those used in tiling and laying synthetic flooring.
Masonry trowels are traditionally made of forged carbon steel, but some newer versions are made of cast stainless steel, which has longer wear and is rust-free.
Clifford William Robinson (September 1, 1866 – July 27, 1944) was a New Brunswick lawyer, businessman and politician, the 12th Premier of New Brunswick.
He was born in Moncton, New Brunswick and was educated in Point de Bute, Saint John and Moncton before attending Mount Allison University.
The Liberals had been in power since 1883, however, and voters opted for a change in the 1908 election which brought the Conservatives to power.
When the Liberals returned to power in 1917, Robinson became minister without portfolio and then Minister of Lands and Mines in the governments of Walter E. Foster and Peter J. Veniot until 1924 when he was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King.
He was president or director for a number of businesses in the Moncton area, helped found the Central Trust Company Limited and the Petitcodiac Hydro Development Company and also helped establish Moncton radio station CKCW.
Cheek kissing is a ritual or social kissing gesture to indicate friendship, family relationship, perform a greeting, to confer congratulations, to comfort someone, to show respect.
Cheek kissing is very common in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, Central America and South America.
In other countries, including the U.S. and Japan, cheek kissing is common as well at an international meeting between heads of state and First Ladies or members of royal and the Imperial families.
Depending on the local culture, cheek kissing may be considered appropriate among family members as well as friends and acquaintances: a man and a woman, two women, or two men.
In Eastern Europe, male–female and female–female cheek kissing is a standard greeting among friends, while male–male cheek kisses are less common.
The appropriate social context for use can vary greatly from one country to the other, though the gesture might look similar.
In cultures and situations where cheek kissing is the social norm, the failure or refusal to give or accept a kiss is commonly taken as an indicator of antipathy between the people, and to dispel such an implication and avoid giving offense may require an explanation, such as the person has a contagious disease such as a cold.
Cheek kissing between adults, when it occurs at all, is most often done between two people who know each other well, such as between relatives or close friends.
Particularly in the southeastern United States (Southern), elderly women may be cheek kissed by younger men as a gesture of affection and respect.
In Miami, Florida, an area heavily influenced by Latin American and European immigrants, kissing hello on the cheek is the social norm.
When introduced to someone new by a mutual acquaintance in social settings, it is customary to greet him or her with a cheek kiss if the person being introduced to them is a member of the opposite sex or if a woman is introduced to another woman.
In business settings, the cheek kiss is not always standard upon introduction, but once a relationship is established, it is common practice.
As with other regions, cheek kissing may be lips-to-cheek or cheek-to-cheek with a kiss in the air, the latter being more common.
As in Southern Europe, in Argentina and Uruguay men kissing men is common but it varies depending on the region, occasion and even on the family.
Men kissing men varies depending on the country and even on the family, in some countries (or areas like Southern Italy) men will kiss men; in others only men of the same family would consider kissing.
For example, in most parts of Crete, it is common between a man and a woman who are friends, but is very uncommon between men unless they are very close relatives.
In Athens it is commonplace for men to kiss women and women to kiss other women on the cheek when meeting or departing.
However, in Portugal and Spain, usually, women kiss both men and women, and men only kiss women (so, 2 men rarely kiss).
In Portuguese families men rarely kiss men (except between brothers or father and son), the handshake is the most common salutation between them.
Hugging is common between men and men and women and women; when the other is from the opposite sex, a kiss may be added.
In most Southern European countries, kissing is initiated by leaning to the left side and joining the right cheeks and if there's a second kiss, changing to the left cheeks.
some parts of Italy) the process is the opposite, you first lean to the right, join the left cheeks and then switch to the right cheeks.
In the former Yugoslavia, cheek kissing is also very commonplace, with your ethnicity being ascertainable by the number of kisses on each cheek.
Typically, Croats and Bosniaks will kiss once on each cheek, for two total kisses, whereas Serbs will kiss once, but three times as a traditional greeting, typically starting at the right cheek.
In Serbia and Montenegro, it is also not uncommon for men to kiss each other on the cheek three times as a form of greeting, usually for people they have not encountered in a while, or during the celebrations (wedding, birthday, New Year, religious celebrations, etc.
In Bulgaria cheek kissing is practiced to a far lesser extent compared to ex-Yugoslavia and is usually seen only between very close relatives or sometimes between close female friends.
In Romania, cheek kissing is commonly used as a greeting between a man and a woman or two women, once on each cheek.
A popular French joke states that you may recognize the city you are in by counting the number of cheek kisses, as it varies across the country.
In the Netherlands and Belgium, cheek kissing is a common greeting between relatives and friends (in the Netherlands slightly more so in the south).
Generally speaking, women will kiss both women and men, while men will kiss women but refrain from kissing other men, instead preferring to shake hands with strangers.
It is customary in many regions to only have kisses between women and women, but not men and women, who only shake hands or hug (more familiar) instead.
Although cheek kissing is not as widely practiced in the United Kingdom or Ireland as in other parts of Europe, it is still common.
Generally, a kiss on one cheek is common, while a kiss on each cheek is also practiced by some depending on relation or reason.
It is mostly used as a greeting and/or a farewell, but can also be offered as a congratulation or as a general declaration of friendship or love.
Cheek kissing is acceptable between parents and children, family members (though not often two adult males), couples, two female friends or a male friend and a female friend.
Cheek kissing between two men who are not a couple is unusual but socially acceptable if both men are happy to take part.
The cheek kiss is usually made once (right cheek to right cheek), either between two women, or between a woman and a man.
Amongst the upper classes, it is a common greeting among adults who are friends, while for the rest of the population, however, the gesture is generally reserved for relatives.
In certain communities in Indonesia, notably the Manado or Minahasa people, kissing on the cheeks (twice) is normal among relatives, including males.
In parts of Central, South, and East Asia with predominantly Buddhist or Hindu cultures, or in cultures heavily influenced by these two religions, cheek kissing is largely uncommon and may be considered offensive, although its instances are now growing.
It is typical for individuals to cheek kiss twice (one time on each cheek) when greeting and when saying goodbye, regardless of gender.
Some exceptions to this are liberal areas within cities in some of the more liberal Arab countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Tunisia, where cheek kissing is a common greeting between unrelated males and females in most communities.
Normally in Lebanon, the typical number of kisses is three: one on the left cheek, then right, and then left between relatives.
Male to male cheek kissing is considered normal in almost every occasion, but very rarely for men who are introduced for the first time.
Some men hit each other's head on the side instead of cheek kissing, possibly as an attempt to masculinize the action.
Cheek kissing between women is also very common, but it is also very rare for women who are introduced for the first time.
A man and a woman could cheek kiss each other for greeting without sexual connotations only if they are good friends or depending on the circle, the setting, and the location like in big cities.
However, cheek kissing between male and female in public is considered to be a punishable crime by the government, but it is known to occur among some young Iranians.
They share many of their parents' distinctively lively, playful personality traits and are similarly distinguished by a pointed coat pattern in a variety of colors.
The best known variety is the short-haired Tonkinese, but there is a medium-haired (sometimes called Tibetan) which tends to be more popular in Europe, mainly in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and France.
The founder of the American Burmese type, a female named Wong Mau imported to the United States in 1930, is thought to have been genetically a crossbreed of this type.
Margaret Conroy, of Canada, and Jane Barletta, of the United States, crossed the Siamese and Burmese breeds, with the aim of creating the ideal combination of both parent breeds' distinctive appearance and lively personalities.
The name is a reference to the Tonkin region of Indochina, though it is suggestive only, as the cats have no connection with the area.
They have a gently rounded, slightly wedge-shaped head and blunted muzzle, with moderately almond-shaped eyes and ears set towards the outside of their head.
The American style is a rounder but sculpted head with a shorter body and sturdier appearance to reflect the old-fashioned Siamese and rounded Burmese from which it was originally bred in the United States.
Newer Tonk breeders wanted to avoid defective genes in the original Burmese lines, so avoided using cats they believed carried the so-called lethal genes.
Tonkinese are currently officially recognized by the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in four base colors: natural (a medium brown), champagne (a paler buff-beige), blue, and platinum.
TICA (The International Cat Association) has always accepted all of the colors and patterns, as they are not a selective association, like CFA, whose breeds and colors are determined by its breed councils and the executive board.
While both of these major organization have rules for acceptance and advancement of breeds, TICA adheres to a scientific approach based on genetics, while CFA relies on its breed council membership to determine a breed's merits.
Like both parent breeds, Tonkinese are intelligent, active, vocal and generally people-oriented cats, playful and interested in everything going on around them; however, this also means they are easily susceptible to becoming lonesome or bored.
Their voice is similar in tone to the Burmese, persistent but softer and sweeter than the Siamese, similar to the gentle quacking of a duck.
Like Burmese, Tonkinese are reputed to sometimes engage in such dog-like behaviors as fetching, and to enjoy jumping to great heights.
The Tonkinese is a true crossbreed type, with coat color and pattern wholly dependent on whether individuals carry the Siamese or Burmese gene.
Breeding two mink Tonkinese cats does not usually yield a full litter of mink kittens, as this intermediate pattern is the result of having one gene for the Burmese solid pattern and one for the Siamese pointed pattern.
A pointed bred to a mink will produce half pointed and half mink kittens, and a solid bred to a mink will produce half solid and half mink kittens.
The land the Nivkh inhabit is characterized as taiga forest with cold snow-laden winters and mild summers with sparse tree cover.
The Nivkh are believed to be the original inhabitants of the region, and to derive from a proposed Neolithic people that migrated from the Transbaikal region during the Late Pleistocene.
In the 1850s–1860s, Cossacks of the Russian Empire annexed and colonized Nivkh lands, where they are a small, often neglected, minority today.
Today, the Nivkh live in Russian-style housing and with the overfishing and pollution of the streams and seas, they have adopted many foods from Russian cuisine.
The Nivkh are physically and genetically different from the surrounding peoples, and scholars believe they are the indigenous inhabitants of the area.
The current archaeological model suggests that a sub-Arctic technological culture originating from the Transbaikal region, termed the microlithic culture, migrated across Siberia and populated the Amur and Sakhalin region during the Late Pleistocene, perhaps earlier.
The Nivkh are considered the last surviving ethnic group able to adapt to the warmer climate and not be assimilated or squeezed out by the newcomers, hence the Nivkh isolate language.
(2002) tested a sample of seventeen Nivkh males and found that six of them (35%) belonged to Haplogroup C-M48, six of them (35%) belonged to Haplogroup P-M45(xQ-M3, R-M17), two of them (12%) belonged to Haplogroup C-M130(xM48), two of them (12%) belonged to Haplogroup K-M9(xO1a-M119, O2-M122, N-Tat, P-M45), and one of them (6%) belonged to Haplogroup O1a-M119.
According to the abstract for a doctoral dissertation by Vladimir Nikolaevich Kharkov, a sample of 52 Nivkhs (Нивхи) from Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область) contained the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 71% (37/52) C3*-M217(xC3c-M77/M86, C3d-M407), 7.7% (4/52) O3a*-M324(xO3a3c-M134), 7.7% (4/52) Q-M242(xQ1a3-M346), 5.8% (3/52) D-M174, 3.8% (2/52) O-M175(xO2-P31, O3-M122), 1.9% (1/52) O2-P31, and 1.9% (1/52) N1c1-M46/M178.
(2005), the members of this sample of Nivkhs belong to haplogroup Y (37/57 = 64.9%), haplogroup D (16/57 = 28.1%), haplogroup G1 (3/57 = 5.3%), and haplogroup M(xC, Z, D, G) (1/57 = 1.8%).
(2005) have found the following mtDNA haplogroups: 67.3% (37/55) haplogroup Y, 25.5% (14/55) haplogroup G, 3.6% (2/55) haplogroup D, 1.8% (1/55) haplogroup M(xC, Z, D, G), and 1.8% (1/55) haplogroup N or R(xA, B, F, Y).
(2013), the members of a sample of 38 Nivkhs collected in northern Sakhalin belonged to haplogroup Y1a (25/38 = 65.8%), haplogroup D4m2 (10/38 = 26.3%), and haplogroup G1b (3/38 = 7.9%).
One identical Y1a haplotype was shared by eight Nivkh individuals, another Y1a haplotype was shared by six Nivkh individuals, and two other Y1a haplotypes were shared by three Nivkh individuals each, indicating a low genetic diversity of this population.
Likewise, one identical D4m2 haplotype was shared by four Nivkh individuals, another D4m2 haplotype was shared by two Nivkh individuals, and a third D4m2 haplotype was shared by two or three Nivkh individuals and a Northeast Yakut individual.
Besides the Nivkhs, the authors also have found mtDNA that belongs to haplogroup D4m2 in 8.7% (2/23) Sakkyryyr Evens, 3.7% (1/27) Tompo Evens, and 3.1% (1/32) Northeast Yakuts, with the Northeast Yakut individual sharing an identical haplotype with several of the Nivkhs.
The authors have noted that mtDNA sequences that belong to the same branch of haplogroup D have been found in Evenks, Evens, Yukaghirs, and South Siberian Buryats and Turkic speakers, and another study has reported one instance of D4m2 in a sample of 154 Dolgans.
A genetic analysis in 2016 showed that the Okhotsk people, often theorised to be ancestors of the Nivkhs, were present in parts of northern Japan during the 5th and 9th centuries.
Ainu-related ancestry is present in the Japanese and the Ulchi people from the lower basin of the Amur River (17.8 and 13.5% mean ancestry, respectively), as well as in two Nivkh individuals, an indigenous population from the Sakhalin island, in a similar analysis with additional samples (27.2% mean ancestry).
The Sakhalin Nivkhs populated the island during the Late Pleistocene period, when the island was connected to the Continent of Asia via the exposed Strait of Tartary.
Nivkh lands extended along the northern coast of Manchuria from the Russian fortress at Tugur Bay eastward to the mouth of the Amur River at Nikolayevsk, then south through the Strait of Tartary as far as De Castries Bay.
Formerly their territories had extended westwards at least as far as the Uda river and the Shantar Islands until pushed out by the Manchus and, later, the Russians.
After the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, they functioned as intermediaries between the Russians, Manchu and Japanese, also with the Ainu who were vassals of the Japanese.
The Russian Empire gained complete control over Nivkh lands after the 1858 Treaty of Aigun and the 1860 Convention of Peking.
The Nivkh suffered epidemics of smallpox, plague, and influenza, brought by the foreign immigrants and spread in the crowded, unsanitary prison environment.
Though the Empire of Japan never controlled the northern part of Sakhalin, Japan and Russia jointly ruled the island as part of the 1855 Treaty of Shimoda.
The Russian Priamur Governor-Generalship had difficulty finding Russian labour and allowed Japanese and Nivkh fishermen to develop the area, though they were heavily taxed.
Russian authorities prevented the Nivkh from fishing in prior coastal and river systems via bans and high taxes from cached fish.
The first of many incidents of over-exploitation of fisheries by the Japanese (and later the Russians) on the Tartar Strait and lower Amur occurred in 1898.
Soviet authorities showcased the Nivkh as a 'model' nation for a culture quickly transforming from the Neolithic to a socialist industrial model.
From 1945 to 1948, many Nivkh, as well as half of the Oroks and all of the Sakhalin Ainu, who had been living under Japanese jurisdiction in the southern half of Sakhalin, were forced to move to Japan along with the ethnic Japanese settlers.
In the post-Soviet Russian commonwealth of nations, the Nivkh have fared better than the Ainu or the Itelmens, but worse than the Chukchi or the Tuvans.
The Soviet government in 1962 resettled many of the Nivkh into fewer, denser settlements, such that Sakhalin settlements had been reduced from 82 to 13 by 1986.
The Nivkh were dependent on the state-funded collectives, and with their dissolution, rapid economic hardship ensued for the already poor populace.
At present, the Nivkh living in the north of Sakhalin see their future threatened by the giant offshore oil extraction projects known as Sakhalin-I and Sakhalin-II, operated by foreign Western firms.
Since January 2005, the Nivkh, led by their elected leader Alexey Limanzo, have engaged in non-violent protest actions, demanding an independent ethnological assessment of Shell's and Exxon's plans.
It is suggested that the Nivkh people were present in a wide area of Northeast Asia and influenced other people and their cultures.
There are indications that the ancestors of the Nivkh may have played a much more prominent role in pre- and protohistorical Manchuria.
Nivkh villages consisted of 3 to 4 households shared by several families with larger villages rare, mostly located on the Amur estuary.
Villages would last for several decades but were susceptible to floods and sometimes vanished such as the many wiped out during the devastating Amur floods of 1915 and 1968.
In the late fall able-bodied Nivkh men would leave the villages to hunt for game in the surrounding hunting grounds whereas women would gather foods from the forests.
Nivkh would move to winter settlements near rivers to survive the harsh snows and catch salmon spawning (see list of Nivkh settlements).
The Nivkh were very hospitable, such that the Nanai located upstream on the Amur when faced with hard times would often visit or stay in Nivkh villages.
Cross-cousin marriage seems to be the original custom with the clan a latter necessity when the clan was unable to marry individuals without breaking taboo.
Nivkh's traditional religion was based on animist beliefs, especially via shamanism, before colonial Russians made efforts to convert the population to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
Nivkh animists believe the island of Sakhalin is a giant beast lying on its belly with the trees of the island as its hair.
Nivkhs' have extensive folklore, songs, and mythos of how humans and the universe were created, and of how fantastic heroes, spirits and beasts battled with each other in ancient times.
Generally, the Bear Festival was an inter-clan ceremony where a clan of wife-takers restored ties with a clan of wife-givers upon the broken link of the kinsman's death.
The Bear Festival was suppressed during Soviet occupation through the festival has had a modest revival since the decline of Soviet Union, albeit as a cultural instead of religious ceremony.
In the fish-rich Amur River estuary in the districts of Nixhne-Amruskii and Takhtinskii, winters have high winds and heavy snows with mid-winter usually averaging from .
The area's biome is characterized as Taiga and evergreen coniferous forests consisting of larch, yew, birch, maple, lilac, honeysuckle, and extensive low-lying swamp grasses.
Bears, foxes, sables, hares, Siberian tigers, elks, grouse, and deer typical near the Amur outlet which usually floods during the rainy season.
Winters are longer, with a mean temperature of , however, short summers are warmer averaging due to warmer Pacific Ocean currents moving around the island.
Barren tundra dominates the north, with sparse trees such as larch, birch and various grasses, while moving southward, spruce and fir are seen.
The Strait of Tartary is currently only wide and is shallow enough that the divide is covered by an ice bridge during the winter that can be traversed by foot or dog-sledge.
The Eurasia continent was connected to Sakhalin via the Strait of Tatar and Hokkaidō via the Soya Strait of which humans migrated.
The receding ice age warmed the area allowing greater tree cover and wildlife, thus new resources for the Nivkhs to exploit.
The opening of the Soya and then the shallower Strait of Tartary allowed warm pacific currents to bathe the island and the lower Amur River.
The dwelling was a round dugout about 7.5 meters (23 feet) in diameter, shored up by wooden poles and covered with packed dirt and grass.
Fish was the main source of food for the Nivkh, including pink, Pacific, and chum salmon as well as trout, Red Eye, burbot and pike found in rivers and streams.
Saltwater fishing provided saffron cod, flatfish, and marine goby caught in the littoral coasts of the Strait of Tartary, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Pacific Ocean, though over fishing by Russian and Japanese trawlers have depleted many of these fish stocks.
Additionally, industrial pollution such as phenols and heavy metals in the Amur River have devastated fish stocks and damaged the soil of the estuaries.
Contacts with the Chinese, Manchu, and Japanese from the 12th century on introduced new foods incorporated in the Nivkhs diet such as salt, sugar, rice, millet, legumes and tea.
They are set within a series of artificially-constructed universes, created and ruled by decadent beings who are genetically identical to humans, but regard themselves as superior, who are the inheritors of an advanced technology they no longer understand.
This consists of a single planet with a green sky, shaped in the form of a huge stepped pyramid on five stages, with each stage being a disk or squat cylinder.
A small sun and a single moon orbit around this planet (thus, in this universe Geocentrism is a correct description of astronomical reality).
The overall storyline of the series follows the adventures of two people from Earth who independently discover gates into the World of Tiers.
The earlier books focus on the character of Robert Wolff as he explores this world and tries to discover its secrets.
Although the main characters from the other books do not occur directly, this novel provides some background material on events and characters in the other novels.
This planet consists of a series of cylindrical layers stacked one atop the other, to form an enormous, approximately conical tower (albeit much broader than it is tall).
The top surfaces (levels or tiers) of each cylindrical monolith are densely inhabited, while the vertical sides of the monoliths act as enormous cliffs (30,000-100,000 feet / 9,000-30,000 metres high) which partially isolate the inhabitants of each tier from each other.
These cliffs do provide some purchase for climbing, and many specialized creatures live on the cliff surfaces, so this isolation is not complete.
There is no diminution of atmosphere from one level to the next, due to Jadawin's manipulation of the local gravitational fields.
The various inhabitants are immortal as far as physical aging is concerned, though they can be killed by most other means.
The exact dimensions of the monoliths are not stated, and so they must be inferred from hints in the novels, such as the quote above.
outer edge of the Amerind tier to the base of the monolith Abharhploonta is quoted as being 1500 miles (approximately 2400 km), while the surface area of the Amerind tier is quoted as being equal to that of North and South America combined (approximately 42 million square kilometers).
From this information it can be inferred that the outer radius of the Amerind tier (and hence the radius of the monolith Thayaphaeawoed) is approximately 4000 km.
The next tier down (Okeanos) consists of a circular ocean girdling the monolith Thayaphaeawoed, approximately 480 kilometers wide, and a circular beach and forest.
This disagrees with the quote above, since, in order to have a surface area equal to that of the water surface of Earth, the world of tiers would require a radius of approximately 10,700 km.
As one example, in the first novel of the series the monolith Idaquizzoorhruz is quoted as being 30,000 feet (approximately 10 km) tall, while in the third novel it is stated as being 100,000 feet (approximately 33 km) tall.
In any case, while the overall shape of the planet is a conical stepped pyramid, it is clearly much broader (several thousand kilometers) than it is tall (around 100 km).
If this refers to the moon's angular width, we can infer that the moon orbits Alofmethbin at a distance of approximately 300,000 km.
While inspecting a house to purchase and live in during retirement with his wife, a gate to the World of Tiers opens before him.
There he regains his youth and health, due to the effects of drugs in the water supply provided by the Lord Jadawin.
He meets and falls in love with Chryseis, and when she is kidnapped, he sets out to rescue her, ascending the various levels of the planet.
Paul Janus Finnegan was born in Indiana in 1918, and served in the American army during the Second World War, driving a tank.
In the ruins of a museum in a small German town, he discovered a metal crescent made of an apparently indestructible metal, and kept it as a souvenir.
This crescent proved to be one half of a gate to the World of Tiers, the other half belonging to a displaced Thoan who attempted to buy (and later, steal) the crescent from him.
Finnegan interrupted the Thoan in the middle of entering the gate and accidentally activated the completed gate himself, ending up transported to the World of Tiers.
At the start of the first novel in the series, Finnegan has lived on the World of Tiers for approximately twenty-four years.
In that time, he has learned many of the local languages, become extremely skilled at knife-throwing, archery, and other combat and outdoors survival skills, and lived under many assumed names and identities.
The body created for her by Jadawin is essentially human, except that her eyes are exceptionally large in proportion to her face (like a cat's eyes), her legs are exceptionally long, and her hair is tiger-striped.
She is driven out of her own universe by an ancient enemy that threatens to destroy all the Thoans, and takes refuge in the World of Tiers where she meets Kickaha.
She is initially arrogant and cruel, as most Thoans are, but is impressed by Kickaha's resourcefulness, and gradually becomes sympathetic and humane as she falls in love with him.
Podarge, a terrible and extremely dangerous harpy, whose fantastic winged body was created by Wolff during his former life as Lord Jadawin, and who was given the brain of an ancient Greek woman by Wolff/Jadawin, appears periodically as both an ally and foe in the World of Tiers series.
Podarge and her huge air armada of giant green eagles (and many of the individuals in it), often play pivotal parts in this story.
Wolff enters the World of Tiers, arriving on the Okeanos level, and over the space of a few months regains his youth thanks to chemicals in the water and food.
It is revealed that Wolff was actually the Lord, Jadawin, who created the World of Tiers, but that he was attacked by another Lord and marooned on Earth, where the shock of being in such primitive surroundings caused him to suffer amnesia.
Urizen has kidnapped Chryseis, and Wolff finds himself reunited with his brothers, sisters and cousins, all of whom must travel from one dangerous planet to another to escape.
He meets three dispossessed Lords (one of whom is Anana) who are fleeing an army led by the Black Bellers - artificial intelligences capable of taking over the bodies of human hosts.
It is revealed that the civilization of the Thoans, including their understanding of the scientific principles behind their advanced technology, was destroyed during the war with the Black Bellers ten thousand years before.
Since then the few remaining Black Bellers have been in hiding, waiting for an opportunity to rebuild their ranks and attempt to take over again.
It is revealed that Earth is itself an artificial world constructed to be an exact replica of the Thoan's home world during the stone age, and allowed to develop as a social experiment.
It is strongly implied that this is all an exact copy of the Thoans' homeworld universe and that Thoa is itself artificial, but this question is not explored in the later novels.
The remaining books in the series follow Kickaha and Anana as they travel to Earth to kill the final Black Beller.
The secret Lord of Earth, Red Orc, attempts to kill Kickaha and Anana despite their informing him that they simply want to kill the last Black Beller and will then leave peacefully.
Eventually they manage to kill the Black Beller, but wind up in a battle between Red Orc and another Lord called Urthona.
They are all gated to the Lavalite world, a planet that changes shape periodically like the wax in a lava lamp, and which was created by Urthona.
The final book of the series takes place fifteen years later, Anana and Kickaha having been directed into a trap universe by Red Orc.
They escape, but Kickaha is forced by Red Orc to go in search of an entrance to a universe he found ten thousand years earlier but has been unable to return to.
This universe contains the last remaining databanks that preserve the technology of the Thoans and Red Orc plans to use this technology to conquer all the artificial universes.
The story culminates with Kickaha defeating Red Orc in hand-to-hand combat, and returning to the World of Tiers to resume his adventuring trickster lifestyle.
The structure of the world of tiers, with a central mountain or tower which the sun passes behind at night is equivalent to early Babylonian and Egyptian cosmological theories.
The placement of the Lord's palace at the highest level of the world is reminiscent of the home of the gods atop Mount Olympus.
The moon of the world of tiers is modelled after Barsoom, from Edgar Rice Burroughs' novels, a homage which Farmer openly admits in the third book of the series.
By contrast, the character of Kickaha is a trickster, who avoids the affairs of the god-like Thoans wherever possible, and who survives and defeats his enemies by cunning, trickery and skill.
The central concept of the series is the existence of arrogant beings who possess awesome powers (as a result of technology) and use these powers to play the role of gods.
They are able to travel from place to place almost instantaneously by using gates to teleport from one location or universe to another.
This is extremely similar to several central concepts in the fictitious Stargate universe, although there is currently no suggestion that Stargate copied these ideas from the World of Tiers stories.
The overall setting: a family of feuding dimension hopping immortal lords, as well as the specific plot of the first book: wherein an amnesiac immortal lord must travel from Earth to another dimension to regain his powers, bears striking similarities to Roger Zelazny's Amber series.
The word may also be transliterated as Sulaiman, Suleman, Soliman, Sulayman, Sulaymaan, Sulyman, Suleyman, Sulaman, Süleyman, Sulejman, Sleiman, Sleman, Sliman, Slimane, Soleman, Solyman, Souleymane Seleman.
The Third Division North of the Football League was a tier in the English football league system from 1921 to 1958.
It ran in parallel with the Third Division South with clubs elected to the League or relegated from a higher division allocated to one or the other according to geographical position.
Some clubs in the English Midlands shuttled between the Third Division North and the Third Division South according to the composition of the two leagues in any one season.
The Third Division South had been created in 1921 from the Third Division formed the previous year made up of 22 teams drawn mostly from the Southern League.
It was decided that this gave the Football League overall too much of a southern bias, so the Third Division North was created in 1921-22 to redress the balance.
Stockport County had finished bottom of the Second Division at the end of the 1920-21 season, and they were relegated into this new division, where they joined Grimsby Town who had spent a season in the Third Division after relegation from the Second Division in 1919-20.
As there was no Northern equivalent of the Southern League, the remaining 18 teams came from several regional leagues: the Midland League, the Central League, the North Eastern League, the Lancashire Combination and the Birmingham Combination.
The original 20 teams were: Stockport County, Darlington, Grimsby Town, Hartlepools, Accrington Stanley, Crewe Alexandra, Stalybridge Celtic, Walsall, Southport, Ashington, Durham City, Wrexham, Chesterfield, Lincoln City, Barrow, Nelson, Wigan Borough, Tranmere Rovers, Halifax Town and Rochdale.
The division was extended by a further two teams in 1923 to take the total to 22, and for the 1950-51 season the division was expanded to 24 clubs, with Scunthorpe United and Shrewsbury Town joining.
Only one promotion place was available each season from the Third Division North to the Second Division, which made it very difficult to win promotion.
Eight teams, Accrington Stanley, Barrow, Crewe Alexandra, Halifax Town, Hartlepool United, Rochdale, Southport and Wrexham, were ever-present in the division for the 30 years of its existence.
Its final season was 1957–58, after which the North and South sections were merged to form a single Third Division and the Fourth Division.
The top 12 clubs in Division Three North, except for the Champions Scunthorpe United, went into the new Third Division, and the bottom 12 clubs went into the Fourth Division.
From the 1954-55 season until the 1957-58 season, there was a series of games between teams representing the Third Division North and the Third Division South.
In computer and telecommunications networks, presence information is a status indicator that conveys ability and willingness of a potential communication partner—for example a user—to communicate.
Presence information has wide application in many communication services and is one of the innovations driving the popularity of instant messaging or recent implementations of voice over IP clients.
The most common use of presence today is to display an indicator icon on instant messaging clients, typically from a choice of graphic symbols with easy-to-convey meanings, and a list of corresponding text descriptions of each of the states.
Current standards support a rich choice of additional presence attributes that can be used for presence information, such as user mood, location, or free text status.
The most straightforward way of checking if the recipient is available is to walk to the desk, which requires the commitment of the walk regardless of the outcome and usually requires some interaction if the recipient is at the desk.
Presence gives the state of the recipient to the requester and the requester has the choice to interact with the recipient or use that information for non-interactive purposes (such as taking roll).
The idea that multiple communication devices can combine state, to provide an aggregated view of a user's presence has been termed Multiple Points of Presence (MPOP).
Extension to other devices could include whether the user's cell phone is on, whether they are logged into their computer, or perhaps checking their electronic calendar to see if they are in a meeting or on vacation.
A message directed to the user's ID would go to the resource with highest priority, although messaging a specific resource is possible by using the form user@domain/resource.
Presence is highly sensitive information and in non-trivial systems a presentity may define limits to which its presence information may be revealed to different watchers.
Presence, particularly MPOP, requires collaboration between a number of electronic devices (for example IM client, home phone, cell phone, and electronic calendar) and the presence services each of them are connected with.
To date, the most common and wide-scale implementations use closed systems, with a SPOP (Single Point of Presence, where a single device publishes state).
Some vendors have upgraded their services to automatically log out connected clients when a new login request reaches the server from a newly connecting different device.
For presence to universally work with MPOP support, multiple devices must be able to not only intercommunicate among each other, the status information must also be appropriately handled by all other interoperable, connected presence services and the MPOP scheme for their clients.
2.5G and, even more so, 3G cell phone networks can support management and access of presence information services for mobile users cell phone handsets.
Presence information allows you to instantly see who is available in your corporate network, giving more flexibility to set up short-term meetings and conference calls.
An example of the time-saving aspect of presence information is a driver with a GPS; he/she can be tracked and sent messages on upcoming traffic patterns that, in return, save time and money.
For example, when an employee is on his/her day off they are still connected to the network and have greater ability to be tracked down.
In 1999, a group called the Instant Message and Presence Protocol (IMPP) working group (WG), was formed within the Internet Engineering Task Force organization (IETF) in order to develop protocols and data formats for simple presence and instant messaging services.
Instead it issued a common profile for presence and instant messaging (CPP) which defined semantics for common services of presence to facilitate the creation of gateways between presence services.
In 2001, the SIMPLE working group was formed within IETF to develop a suite of CPP-compliant standards for presence and instant messaging applications over the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
The SIMPLE activity specifies extensions to the SIP protocol which deal with a publish and subscribe mechanism for presence information and sending instant messages.
At the end of 2001, Nokia, Motorola, and Ericsson formed the Wireless Village (WV) initiative to define a set of universal specifications for mobile Instant Messaging and Presence Services (IMPS) and presence services for wireless networks.
IMPS defines a system architecture, syntax, and semantics for representation of presence information and a set of protocols for the four primary features: presence, IM, groups, and shared content.
This IM protocol, which is a robust and widely extended protocol, is also the protocol used in the commercial implementation of Google Talk and Facebook Chat.
In October 2004, the XMPP working group at IETF published the documents RFC 3920, RFC 3921, RFC 3922 and RFC 3923, to standardize the core XMPP protocol.
The Third Division South of The Football League was a tier in the English football league system from 1921 to 1958.
It ran in parallel with the Third Division North with clubs elected to the League or relegated from Division Two allocated to one or the other according to geographical position.
Some clubs in the English Midlands shuttled between the Third Division South and the Third Division North according to the composition of the two leagues in any one season.
This division was created in 1921 from the Third Division, formed one year earlier when the Football League absorbed the leading clubs from the Southern League.
The Third Division South was formed from the original 22 teams in the Third Division, with the exceptions of Crystal Palace, who were promoted to the Second Division, Grimsby Town who were transferred to the Third Division North, and Aberdare Athletic and Charlton Athletic who joined The Football League for the first time.
Several Midlands-based teams were included in the Third Division South from time to time, although most were geographically closer to their Northern division rivals; Nottingham Forest and Notts County played in the Southern division although nearby Derby County spent time in the Northern division.
Only one promotion place was available each season from the Third Division South to the Second Division, which made it very difficult to win promotion.
Six teams, Brighton & Hove Albion, Exeter City, Northampton Town, Southend United, Swindon Town, and Watford, were ever-present in the division for the 30 years of its existence.
Of the teams that played in the Third Division South, Portsmouth, Ipswich Town, and Nottingham Forest were later English football champions.
Its final season was 1957–58, after which the North and South sections were merged to form a single Third Division and a new Fourth Division.
The top 12 clubs in Division Three South, except for the Champions Brighton & Hove Albion, went into the new Third Division, and the bottom 12 clubs went into the Fourth Division.
From the 1954–55 season until the 1957–58 season, there was a series of games between teams representing the Third Division North and the Third Division South.
However, it fumes profusely even in a relatively dry atmosphere (it has been used as a smoke agent) due to formation of a sulfuric acid mist.
Both the gamma and the beta forms are metastable, eventually converting to the stable alpha form if left standing for sufficient time.
Relative vapor pressures of solid SO are alpha < beta < gamma at identical temperatures, indicative of their relative molecular weights.
After being purified by electrostatic precipitation, the SO is then oxidised by atmospheric oxygen at between 400 and 600 °C over a catalyst.
The majority of sulfur trioxide made in this way is converted into sulfuric acid not by the direct addition of water, with which it forms a fine mist, but by absorption in concentrated sulfuric acid and dilution with water of the produced oleum.
Along with being a strong oxidizing agent, sulfur trioxide will cause serious burns on both inhalation and ingestion because it is highly corrosive and hygroscopic in nature.
It should also be kept away from organic material due to the strong dehydrating nature of sulfur trioxide and its ability to react violently with such materials.
She received many award nominations for her acting in theatre, film and television; her awards include three Bambi Awards, two Romys, an Adolf Grimme Award, both a Deutscher and a Bayerischer Fernsehpreis, and a Goldene Kamera.
She applied for the Max Reinhardt Seminar, a famous acting school in Vienna, and was accepted, but she left shortly afterwards after accepting a film role without permission.
In 1962, she went to Hollywood and worked with stars such as Charlton Heston, Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Richard Widmark, John Wayne, Kirk Douglas, and Yul Brynner.
She returned to Germany to accept an offer for a role in a series, which would have brought an obligation of several years.
In 1963, Berger met Michael Verhoeven, son of the German film director Paul Verhoeven (not to be confused with the Netherlands Paul Verhoeven).
Filmed by Levy-Gardner-Laven and released by United Artists, it stars Tom Tryon, Harve Presnell, Senta Berger, James Caan, and Michael Anderson.
In 1970, Berger starred for the first time in a film produced by her own company and directed by her husband.
From 2003 to 2010, Berger was president of the German Film Academy, which seeks to advance the new generation of actors and actresses in Germany and Europe.
Among her memories of Hollywood are a less-than-subtle attempt by Darryl Zanuck to get her on his casting couch, and of all the shallow people she met in Hollywood.
Berger married German film director Michael Verhoeven in 1966; their sons are actor-director Simon Verhoeven (born 1972) and actor Luca Verhoeven (born 1979).
It comprised lands along the east bank of the Missouri River and added to the northwest corner of the state of Missouri.
This expansion of the slave state of Missouri was in violation of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which prohibited the extension of slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north except within the boundaries of the state of Missouri as defined at the time of the adoption of the Missouri Compromise.
The area acquired was almost as large as the states of Delaware and Rhode Island combined, and extended Missouri westward along the river.
St. Joseph, one of the main ports of departure for the westward migration of American pioneers, was located in the new acquisition.
The region of the Platte Purchase includes the following modern counties within its bounds: Andrew (435 square miles, 1127 km), Atchison (545 square miles, 1412 km), Buchanan (410 square miles, 1062 km), Holt (462 square miles, 1197 km), Nodaway (877 square miles, 2271 km), and Platte (420 square miles, 1088 km).
It also includes the northwest suburbs of Kansas City, a small area of Kansas City proper, the cities of St. Joseph and Maryville, Missouri, as well as Kansas City International Airport and almost all of Missouri's portion of Interstate 29, save the small portion which runs concurrently with Interstate 35 in Clay County.
When Missouri entered the Union, its western border was established on the left bank of the Missouri River (the northern side as the river flows south) at the mouth of the Kaw River in what is now Kansas City (94 degrees, 36 minutes west longitude) (which is also the border between Missouri and Kansas south of the Missouri River).
This addition increased the land area of what was already the largest state in the Union at the time (about 66,500 square miles (172,000 km) to Virginia's 65,000 square miles, which then included West Virginia).
In less than a year after the Indian Removal Act, the Missouri General Assembly was petitioning Congress to more clearly define the border on the northwest corner of the state.
The Legislature noted the boundary was not clear, and that the land was not surveyed, thus leading to settlers encroaching on the lands.
The most spectacular example of encroachment was Joseph Robidoux who had been operating an American Fur Company trading post at St. Joseph, Missouri since 1826.
Dougherty agreed, noting that the territory was preventing access to Missouri River shipping by Missouri residents east of the purchase line.
The first tribes to give up their land were the Potawatomi, who gave up their land in the Treaty of Chicago, which was agreed to in 1833 but wasn't finalized until 1835.
The formal application came in the summer of 1835 when at a meeting on the Dawes farm near Liberty, Missouri, where the Indian agent for the Sac and Fox tribes, Andrew S. Hughes, presided over a meeting of Missouri residents who formally asked Congress to acquire the land.
Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton introduced a bill to acquire the land and it was approved with little opposition in June 1836.
An agreement was reached in 1836 with the chiefs Mahaska and No Heart of the Ioway tribe and leaders of the combined Sac and Fox tribes in a ceremony at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas that was presided by William Clark, then the Superintendent of Indian Affairs and based in St. Louis.
In October 1837, the Missouri General Assembly accepted the land and placed it all initially in the newly created Platte County.
The tribes gave up 3.1 thousand square miles of land for a combined reservation of 29 square miles (26 for the Sac and Fox and 3 for the Ioway).
Michigan entered the union in January 1837 and so by the time the purchase was finalized Missouri remained the second biggest state.
Much of the land was dispensed as military land warrants to veterans of the War of 1812 (and later Mexican–American War).
Under the terms of the program, which was expanded in 1855, the 160-acre land grants could be given to military descendants and those grants could be sold.
Since the purchase opened up a new slave area, the area was heavily settled by slaveholders from Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky.
Today the Platte Purchase area is among the most rural areas in Missouri, with St. Joseph and Maryville, Missouri being the only communities totally within the purchase area with populations greater than 10,000, although Kansas City, Missouri has expanded its boundaries into southern Platte County.
The 25120 required a 6.3 VAC V (vacuum tube filament) supply, a +10 V (double the V of standard TTL logic of the day), and V of 0±2% volt (i.e.
Velvet Goldmine is a 1998 musical drama film written and directed by Todd Haynes from a story by Haynes and James Lyons.
It is set in Britain during the glam rock days of the early 1970s; it tells the story of a fictional pop star, Brian Slade.
The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival and won the award for the Best Artistic Contribution.
Sandy Powell received a BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design.
Set in 1984, British journalist Arthur Stuart is writing an article about the withdrawal from public life of 1970s glam rock star Brian Slade, and is interviewing those who had a part in the entertainer's career.
As each person recalls their thoughts, it becomes the introduction of the vignette for that particular segment in Slade's personal and professional life.
Part of the story involves Stuart's family's reaction to his homosexuality, and how the gay and bisexual glam rock stars and music scene gave him the strength to come out.
Rock shows, fashion, and rock journalism all play a role in showing the youth culture of 1970s Britain, as well as the gay culture of the time.
But when he comes to the United States, he seeks out American rock star Curt Wild, and they become involved in each other's lives on a personal and creative level.
Eventually, Slade's career ends following the critical and fan backlash from his on-stage publicity stunt where he faked his own murder.
As he gets closer to the truth of where Slade is now, Stuart is suddenly told by his editor that the story is no longer of public interest, and Stuart has now been assigned to the Tommy Stone tour, which coincidentally is Brian Slade's new identity.
We discover Stuart was also at the concert where Slade faked his own death, and that after seeing Wild perform on another night, Wild and Stuart had a sexual encounter.
The film centers on Brian Slade, a sexually fluid and androgynous glam rock icon who was patterned after David Bowie, Jobriath and, to a lesser extent, Marc Bolan.
Bowie initially disapproved of the film and its many similarities with his life story, and threatened to sue, resulting in substantial rewrites to create more distance between the character and the real man.
Ewan McGregor co-stars in the role of Curt Wild, a genre-defying performer who doesn't back down from sex, nudity, or drugs on or off stage, and whose biographical details are based on Iggy Pop (who grew up in a trailer park) and Lou Reed (whose parents sent him to electroshock therapy to 'cure' his homosexual feelings).
Also featured are Christian Bale as the young glam rock fan and reporter, Arthur Stuart, and Toni Collette as Slade's wife, Mandy, who is based on Bowie's first wife, Angela.
Maxwell Demon was the name of an early band of Brian Eno, a long-time Bowie associate, whose music is heard at various points in the film.
Haynes has said that the story is also about the love affair between America and Britain, New York City and London, in the way each music scene feeds off and influences each other.
The film is strongly influenced by the ideas and life of Oscar Wilde (seen in the film as a progenitor of glam rock), and refers to events in his life and quotes his work on dozens of occasions.
The film opened in the United States on 6 November 1998 in 85 venues, earning $301,787 in its opening weekend and ranking sixteenth in the North American box office, and fifth among the week's new releases.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 57% rating based on 44 reviews, with an average of 6.5/10.
A Blu-ray was released in Region A on 13 December 2011, and includes a newly recorded commentary track by Haynes and Vachon.
Although the character of Brian Slade is heavily based on David Bowie, Bowie himself disliked the script and vetoed the proposal that his songs appear in the film.
The English musicians who played under the name The Venus in Furs on the soundtrack were Radiohead's Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood, David Gray Band's Clune, Suede's Bernard Butler, and Roxy Music's Andy Mackay.
The American musicians who played as Curt Wild's Wylde Ratttz on the soundtrack were The Stooges' Ron Asheton, Sonic Youth's Thurston Moore and Steve Shelley, Minutemen's Mike Watt, Gumball's Don Fleming, and Mark Arm of Mudhoney.
The soundtrack features new songs written for the film by Pulp, Shudder to Think and Grant Lee Buffalo, as well as many early glam rock compositions, both covers and original versions.
All three members of the band Placebo also appeared in the film, with Brian Molko and Steve Hewitt playing members of the Flaming Creatures (Malcolm and Billy respectively) and Stefan Olsdal playing Polly Small's bassist.
Another member of the Flaming Creatures, Pearl, was played by Xavior (Paul Wilkinson), former lead singer of Romo band DexDexTer and later a keyboard player for Placebo and Rachel Stamp.
Salvino D'Armato degli Armati of Florence (died 1317) is sometimes credited with the invention of eyeglasses, however this claim was shown to be a hoax.
In this book, del Migliore claimed to own a burial register of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, which had recently been renovated.
Again, despite the lack of evidence, the historian Pasquale Villari (1827-1917) composed and had posted in Florence in 1855 a plaque honoring Salvino degli Armati as the inventor of eyeglasses.
Furthermore, between 1850 and 1900, a portrait head of Salvino degli Armati with a plaque containing his epitaph was mounted in the chapel of the Orlandini de Beccuto family of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore.
Furthermore, Vasco Ronchi (1897-1988), an Italian physicist who specialized in optics, also published an article on the subject as did the American historian of science Edward Rosen (1906-1985) and the Italian professor of ophthamology Giuseppe Albertotti (1851-1936).
α-Carotene is a form of carotene with a β-ionone ring at one end and an α-ionone ring at the opposite end.
The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit is a 1956 American drama film based on the 1955 novel of the same name by Sloan Wilson.
The film focuses on Tom Rath, a young World War II veteran trying to balance his marriage and family life with the demands of a new job while dealing with the aftereffects of his war service.
The film stars Gregory Peck as Rath and Jennifer Jones as his wife Betsy, with Fredric March, Lee J. Cobb, Keenan Wynn and Marisa Pavan in supporting roles.
Ten years after the end of World War II, Tom Rath (Gregory Peck) is living in suburban Connecticut with his wife Betsy (Jennifer Jones) and three children; he's having difficulty supporting his family on his salary writing for a nonprofit organization.
Tom is also dealing with flashbacks from his combat service as an Army Captain in both the European and Pacific theaters, involving men that he killed (including, by accident, his best friend), and a young Italian girl named Maria (Marisa Pavan), with whom he had a brief but heartfelt affair in Italy despite his being in a relationship with Betsy at the time.
Before he left Maria for the final time to go back into battle, Tom was told that she was pregnant and was going to keep the baby.
When an expected inheritance from Tom's recently deceased grandmother turns out to have been depleted, leaving only her large and unsaleable mansion, Betsy pressures Tom to seek a higher-paying job.
Acting on a tip from a fellow train commuter, Tom applies for an opening in public relations at television network UBC.
Hopkins is powerful and highly respected, but unbeknownst to his employees, his workaholic habits have caused him to be estranged from his wife and his rebellious daughter, who soon elopes with an unsuitable man.
Tom is initially supervised by Bill Ogden (Henry Daniell), a micromanager and office politician who rejects Tom's drafts of an important Hopkins speech intended to launch the campaign, substituting his own draft consisting of what Ogden thinks Hopkins wants to hear.
Hopkins, who has just received the unwelcome news of his daughter's elopement, is receptive to Tom's criticism and thinks Tom resembles his own late son, who refused to accept an officer's commission in World War II and was subsequently killed in action as an enlisted man.
Judge Bernstein (Lee J. Cobb) intercedes and presents evidence that suggests that not only did Edward forge the bequest letter, but he also padded his bills, thus depleting the estate and accumulating a large fortune in the town's bank that he could not otherwise explain.
Caesar is married to Maria's cousin and tells Tom that Maria and her son by Tom are desperate for money in their still war-ravaged country.
Tom has kept his affair and child a secret from Betsy, but he now decides to tell her, remembering her admonition to be honest at all times.
That night, Hopkins calls to ask Tom to accompany him on a trip to California in support of the new campaign.
In mathematics, more specifically in multivariable calculus, the implicit function theorem is a tool that allows relations to be converted to functions of several real variables.
There may not be a single function whose graph can represent the entire relation, but there may be such a function on a restriction of the domain of the relation.
More precisely, given a system of equations (often abbreviated into ), the theorem states that, under a mild condition on the partial derivatives (with respect to the s) at a point, the variables are differentiable functions of the in some neighborhood of the point.
In other words, under a mild condition on the partial derivatives, the set of zeros of a system of equations is locally the graph of a function.
Ulisse Dini (1845–1918) generalized the real-variable version of the implicit function theorem to the context of functions of any number of real variables.
The purpose of the implicit function theorem is to tell us the existence of functions like formula_7 and formula_8, even in situations where we cannot write down explicit formulas.
Now we are looking for a solution to this ODE in an open interval around the point formula_31 for which, at every point in it, formula_42.
These functions allow us to calculate the new coordinates formula_55 of a point, given the point's old coordinates formula_54 using formula_59.
Based on the inverse function theorem in Banach spaces, it is possible to extend the implicit function theorem to Banach space valued mappings.
The Ford GT is an American mid-engine two-seater supercar manufactured and marketed by Ford for model year 2005 in conjunction with the company's 2003 centenary.
The GT recalls Ford's historically significant GT40, a consecutive four-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans (1966–1969), including a 1-2-3 finish in 1966.
Carroll Shelby, the original designer of the Shelby GT 500, was brought in by Ford to help develop the GT; which included performance testing of the prototype car.
The GT is similar in outward appearance to the original GT40, but is bigger, wider, and most importantly taller than the original's overall height; as a result, a potential name for the car was the GT44.
Although the cars are visually related, structurally, there is no similarity between the modern GT and the 1960s GT40 that inspired it.
Three pre-production cars were shown to the public in 2003 as part of Ford's centenary celebrations, and delivery of the production version called simply the Ford GT began in the fall of 2004.
When production of the continuation cars ended, they sold the excess parts, tooling, design, and trademark to a small Ohio based company called Safir GT40 Spares.
When Ford decided to put the GT40 concept to production stage, negotiations between the two firms failed, thus the production cars are simply called the GT.
The car began assembly at Mayflower Vehicle Systems in Norwalk, Ohio and was painted and continued assembly at Saleen Special Vehicles facility in Troy, Michigan, through contract by Ford.
Installation of the engine and transmission along with seats and interior finishing was handled in the SVT building at Ford's Wixom, Michigan plant.
Approximately 550 cars were built in 2004, nearly 1,900 in 2005, and just over 1,600 in 2006, for a grand total of 4,038 cars.
The final 11 car bodies manufactured by Mayflower Vehicle Systems were disassembled, and the frames and body panels were sold as service parts.
The first private sale of Ford's new mid-engine sports car was completed on August 4, 2004, when former Microsoft executive Jon Shirley took delivery of his Midnight Blue 2005 Ford GT.
A few other early cars sold for as much as a US$100,000 premium over the suggested retail price of $139,995 (Ford increased the MSRP to $2.5 million on July 1, 2005).
Optional equipment available included a McIntosh sound system, racing stripes, painted brake calipers, and forged alloy wheels adding $13,500 to the MSRP.
One of the show's presenters, Jeremy Clarkson, owned a GT and despite initially reserving high acclaim for the vehicle, ultimately requested a refund from Ford due to extensive problems with the car's aftermarket alarm system.
The DOHC 4 valves per cylinder heads are a revision of the 2000 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra R cylinder heads (with slightly increased wall casting thickness in the exhaust port).
One modified version holds the record for fastest street legal vehicle (the vehicle used in the record run is street legal and registered for road use in the U.S.A) achieved by a highly modified twin turbo version of the original 5.4 V8 producing approximately 2500 hp with a top speed of 300.4 mph set in Texas in March 2019.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency mileage estimate for the GT is in city driving, and in highway cruising, for a combined .
The Ford GTX1 is an aftermarket roadster iteration of the Ford GT introduced by the company at the 2005 SEMA Show.
Kip Ewing, a development engineer who had been involved in the development of the GT and conceived the idea, supervised the project.
The resulting car had a chassis 10% less stiff than the standard GT but this did not impact the performance of the car.
Two roof pieces could be installed and removed when the roof bar was installed making the car a T-top, a canvas roof panel would be installed when the roof bar was removed.
The car received a positive response at the show and customers urged Ford to build this version of the GT but the end of the production of the GT in the forthcoming year meant that it would be expensive to produce another limited variant of the car.
The GTX1 was offered as a kit by the body shop adding US$38,000 to the price of a standard Ford GT.
A total of 100 orders for the GTX1 were received and completed over a two-year planned production period, these including the exact copies of the SEMA show car.
Other modifications on the GTX1 included race seats, a customized interior, new Wilwood brakes, a hidden rear bumper and a maximum power increase to .
The GTX1 was featured in various automotive publications along with several reviews, including that of famous motor journalist Jeremy Clarkson who had quoted that it was one of the best cars he had ever driven.
The car marked 50 years since the GT40 won the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans and competed successfully in the 2016 24 Hours of Le Mans to better celebrate the anniversary, winning the LMGTE Pro class.
The engine shares many components with the F-150's 3.5 L V6 engine including the cylinder heads, block and dual fuel system.
Notable differences include larger turbochargers, an aluminum intake manifold, a custom dry sump lubrication system, unique camshafts and higher strength rotating and timing drive components.
Underpinning the GT is a carbon fiber monocoque bolted to aluminum front and rear subframes covered in carbon fiber body panels.
The windshield of the vehicle is made of Gorilla Glass manufactured by Corning, which is also used for manufacturing smartphone screens.
The Gorilla Glass is used to reduce the weight of the vehicle by allowing for a thinner windscreen with the same strength as a normal glass windscreen.
Production began in December 2016, with a planned production rate of one car per day (until October 2020) at Multimatic's low-volume assembly facility in Markham, Ontario, Canada.
The cars produced for the 2019 model year were primarily for buyers unsuccessful in the initial selection process, and the cars produced for the 2020 model year are for new customers.
It is not street legal and only 45 will be built and each costs $1.2 million being the most expensive new Ford ever.
The Ford GT1 is a racing version of the Ford GT developed by Matech Concepts to comply with FIA GT1 rules.
The official race debut of the Ford GT1 coincided with the kick-off of the 2009 FIA GT Championship season in Silverstone.
For the 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship season four cars were fielded by two teams: Matech Competition and Marc VDS Racing Team.
Three cars competed in the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans race, with two (the number 70 car run by the Marc VDS Racing Team and the number 61 car run by Matech Concepts) retiring early on.
For the 2011 FIA GT1 World Championship season, Matech left the series which left Marc VDS running the four cars during the season, two under the Marc VDS Racing Team name and the other two cars under the name of Belgian Racing.
The Ford GT GT3 is involved in numerous championships including the FIA GT3 European Championship, FIA GT1 World Championship, Blancpain Endurance Series, and others.
On 12 June 2015, at Le Mans, it was announced that Ford will return to the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2016 with a factory-supported, four-car effort operating as Ford Chip Ganassi Racing.
On June 19, 2016 the Number 68 Ford GT of Ford Chip Ganassi Racing finished first at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the LMGTE Pro class; the victory marked fifty years after Ford won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1966, where they came first, second and third with the GT40.
In the 2016 6 Hours of Fuji and the 6 Hours of Shanghai, both the Ford GT's finished 1-2 at both races, the 67 winning both and the #66 coming second in both.
Two races later, on June 19, 2017 the Number 67 Ford GT of Ford Chip Ganassi Racing finished runner up at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the LMGTE Pro class; this time fifty years after the second Le Mans Race win in 1967.
It operated from – , parallel to Operation Reinhard during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, and again from – during the Soviet counter-offensive.
At the very minimum, 152,000 people were killed in the camp, which would make it the fifth most deadly extermination camp, after Sobibór, Bełżec, Treblinka, and Auschwitz.
However, the West German prosecution, citing Nazi figures during the Chełmno trials of 1962–65, laid charges for at least 180,000 victims.
The Polish official estimates, in the early postwar period, have suggested much higher numbers, up to a total of 340,000 men, women, and children.
The gives the figure of around 200,000, the vast majority of whom were Jews of west-central Poland, along with Romani from the region, as well as foreign Jews from Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Germany, Luxembourg, and Austria transported to Chełmno via the Łódź Ghetto, on top of the Soviet prisoners of war.
Chełmno was a place of early experimentation in the development of Nazi extermination programme, continued in subsequent phases of the Holocaust throughout occupied Poland.
One of the camp survivors, who was fifteen years old at the time, testified that only three Jewish males had escaped successfully.
In October 1941, Lange toured the area looking for a suitable site for an extermination centre, and chose Chełmno on the Ner, because of the estate, with a large manor house similar to Sonnenstein, which could be used for mass admissions of prisoners with only minor modifications.
Staff for the facility was selected personally by Ernst Damzog, Commander of Security Police and SD from headquarters in occupied Poznań (Posen).
Greiser and the SS decided to create space for the incoming Jews by annihilating the existing Polish-Jewish population in his district.
The killing center consisted of a vacated manorial estate in the village of Chełmno on the Ner river, and a large forest clearing about northwest of Chełmno, off the road to Koło town with a sizable Jewish population which had been previously ghettoized.
Its rooms were adapted to use as the reception offices, including space for the victims to undress and to give up their valuables.
Later on, Lange was given three gas vans by the RSHA in Berlin for the killing of greater numbers of victims.
The vehicles had been converted to mobile gas-chambers by the Gaubschat company () in Berlin which, by June 1942, produced twenty of them in accordance with the SS purchase order.
The sealed compartments (also called superstructures) installed on the chassis had floor openings – about in diameter – with metal pipes welded below, into which the engine exhaust was directed.
The exhaust gases causing death by asphyxia were tested by a chemist from the mass murder operation Action T4 to make sure they contained large enough amounts of carbon monoxide (or 1% concentration), to form carboxyhaemoglobin, a deadly blood agent, in combining with haemoglobin in the cells.
The SS had first used pure carbon monoxide from steel cylinders to kill mental patients in extermination hospitals of Action T4, and therefore had considerable knowledge of its efficacy.
In the newly occupied territories, the gas vans were used to kill mental patients as well as Jews in the extermination ghettos.
The maximum strength of each Special Detachment was just under 100 men, of whom around 80 belonged to the Order Police.
The first people transported to the camp were the Jewish and Romani populations of Koło, Dąbie, Sompolno, Kłodawa, Babiak, Izbica Kujawska, Bugaj, Nowiny Brdowskie and Kowale Pańskie.
Using whips, the Orpo police marched them toward the Warta river near Zawadka, where they were locked overnight in a mill, without food or water.
In addition, they included over 10,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia and Luxembourg, who had first been deported to the ghetto in Łódź and subsided there already for weeks.
They were told that all hidden banknotes would be destroyed during steaming and needed to be taken out and handed over for safe-keeping.
Occasionally they were met by a German officer dressed as a local squire with a Tyrolean hat, announcing that some of them would remain there.
As round-ups in Łódź normally took place in the morning, it was usually late afternoon by the time Jews disembarked from the Holocaust trains in Powiercie.
The following morning the Jews were transported from Zawadki by truck, in numbers which could be easily controlled at their destination.
Beginning in late July 1942, the victims were brought to the camp directly from Powiercie after the regular railway line linking Koło with Dąbie was restored; and the bridge over the Rgilewka River had been repaired.
The large trenches were quickly filled, but the smell of decomposing bodies began to permeate the surrounding countryside including nearby villages.
The bodies were cremated on open air grids constructed of concrete slabs and rail tracks; pipes were used for air ducts, and long ash pans were built below the grid.
By then, Jews had also been deported to Łódź from Germany, Bohemia-Moravia, and Luxembourg, and were included in the transports at that time.
Soon after that, the Saurer van exploded while the driver was revving its engine at the loading ramp; the gassing compartment was full of living Jews.
There is evidence that some red powder and a fluid were delivered from Germany by Maks Sado freight company, in order to kill the victims more quickly.
These were transported every night in sacks made of blankets to river Warta (or to the Ner River) on the other side of Zawadka, where they were dumped into the water from a bridge and from a flat-bottomed boat.
First, the victims were taken to the desecrated church in Chełmno where they spent the night if necessary, and left their bundles behind on the way to the reception area.
The remaining Jewish workers were executed just before the German retreat from the Chełmno killing center on January 18, 1945, as the Soviet army approached (it reached the camp two days later).
The 15-year-old Jewish prisoner Simon Srebnik was the only one to survive the last executions with a gunshot wound to the head.
Note: a 1946–47 report by the Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (IPN) placed the number closer to 340,000 based on a statistical approach, as the camp authorities had destroyed all waybills in an effort to hide their actions.
After the war, some Chełmno extermination camp personnel were tried in Poland as well as in other court cases spanning a period of about 20 years.
One survivor may not have been recorded in the early postwar years because he did not testify at trials of camp personnel.
Five escaped during the winter of 1942, including Mordechaï Podchlebnik, Milnak Meyer, Abraham Tauber, Abram Roj and Szlama Ber Winer (Szlamek Bajler) whose identity was recognized also as Yakov or Jacob Grojanowski.
In June 1945, both Podchlebnik and Srebnik (then age fifteen), testified at the Chełmno trials of camp personnel in Łódź, Poland.
Two other survivors of Chełmno include Yitzhak Justman and Yerachmiel Yisrael Widawski who escaped together from the forest burial commando in the winter of 1942.
Widawski spoke with Rabbi Lau as well as some members of the prewar Communal Council before he left the ghetto, robbing them of their peace of mind with earth-shattering facts about the extermination process.
They headed in various directions and made a tremendous effort to inform and warn the Jewish communities about the fate that awaited them, however, many people refused to believe their stories.
The main goal in the game is to retrieve ship parts by using the three varieties of Pikmin available in different combinations.
All three of the Pikmin colors that Olimar discovers must be used in order to overcome various obstacles and complete the game.
Red Pikmin are the first type found in the game, and more powerful than the other two varieties and resistant to fire.
With the exception of the first day, which lasts until the player finds the first ship part, all days in the game are about thirteen minutes in length.
By the end of each day, all Pikmin should be immediately rounded up, work halted, and Olimar must return with the Pikmin to the ship (except for those idle in the landing area).
The reason for this is that many of the creatures inhabiting the Pikmin's planet are nocturnal predators and eat all unattended Pikmin on the surface after the sun sets.
If Olimar does not collect all twenty five mandatory ship parts within the 30-day time limit, his ship's life support system will fail and Olimar will die from oxygen poisoning.
When he regains consciousness, Olimar finds out that the planet's atmosphere contains high levels of poisonous oxygen and he can stay on the planet for only thirty days before his life support system stops functioning.
Although Olimar initially states in his journal entries that he needs all thirty parts, as the game progresses, it is hinted that some parts might not be needed to actually lift off and, indeed, one can successfully complete the game with only 25 parts rather then all 30.
To help Olimar are indigenous creatures called Pikmin, which are nearly extinct and unable to survive in the environment without direct leadership.
Two good endings occur should the player retrieve all thirty parts or twenty-five necessary parts, and a bad ending occurs should the player fail to find twenty-five parts.
There were originally suspicions that he may have been referring to the re-releases of the two games, but it was confirmed in an interview that he was talking about a completely new game.
It was released on December 25, 2008 in Japan, February 6, 2009 in Europe and March 9, 2009 in North America (original version only).
It was also announced that the game saves day-by-day records of the player's playthrough, allowing the player to restart from any recorded day of his or her choice.
In an interview, director Shigefumi Hino stated that besides adding motion controls, they wanted to include the ability to go back to saves they have made in the past, allowing players to replay all 30 days one by one in order to improve.
The game was released on July 13, 2013 in Japan, July 26, 2013 in Europe, July 27, 2013 in Australia, and August 4, 2013 in North America.
The term means to earn an honest, pure and dedicated living by exercising one's God-given skills, abilities, talents and hard labour for the benefit and improvement of the individual, their family and society at large.
This means to work with determination and focus by the sweat of one's brow and not to be lazy and to waste one's life to time.
There are some jobs which aren't allowed in Sikhism, such as a worker in brothels, prostitute, fortune-teller, astrologer, worker in taverns and pubs, worker in places were gambling is dealt, and many more.
Some of these peers were granted a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom which gave them an hereditary seat in the House of Lords.
It was the British Columbia branch of the Western Canada Concept, a political party that operated at the federal level, advocating the separation of the four western provinces of Canada and the formation of a new country comprising British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
In the October 22, 1986 election, the party nominated one candidate, who won 322 votes, or 0.02% of the popular vote.
In the October 17, 1991 election, the party nominated five candidates, who collected 651 votes, or 0.04% of the popular vote.
In the May 17, 2005 election, the party nominated two candidates, who collected a total of 374 votes, 0.02% of the popular vote.
Officials in these parties have distanced themselves from Christie - for example, they do not include links to the WCC or WBP on their websites even though the SPA and WIPS do link to one another.
He was born on August 2, 1955, in Manhattan, one of three sons born to Beat Generation figure Lucien Carr and Francesca Von Hartz.
Lucien's close circle of friends included William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, and Allen Ginsberg, whom Lucien had known since his college days.
Carr received his primary education from St. Luke’s School in Greenwich Village and his secondary education from Friends Seminary, also in downtown New York City.
He attended Kenyon College, in Gambier, Ohio, from 1973 to 1975 and returned to New York City in 1975 to complete his education at New York University, where, in 1977, he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in Military and Diplomatic History.
Lucien's parents separated when he was five, and the balance of his childhood was spent in St. Louis, where both the elder Carrs, Russell and Marion, had been born to socially prominent families.
Lucien had left University of Chicago after a suicide attempt, which he tried to pass off as a piece of performance art, and enrolled at Columbia University.
Kammerer followed him and took up residence in the West Village, not far from where his friend William Burroughs was by then living.
He was charged with second degree murder, pleaded guilty to first degree manslaughter, and was sentenced to one-to-twenty years in prison, with a recommendation from the judge for psychiatric treatment.
From 1946 until his retirement in 1993, Carr rose steadily through the ranks from copy boy to manager of the world news desk.
The physical and verbal abuse fueled by alcohol and rage didn't stop even after Caleb's parents divorced when he was eight.
After the Carrs' divorce Kerouac proposed marriage to Caleb's mother, but she turned him down and afterwards married writer John Speicher.
They spent most summers at a house in upstate New York, originally bought by Carr’s maternal grandparents, then owned by his mother.
Carr first went to work for The Council of Foreign Relations after high school as a library assistant, and rose during his college year summers (and a semester off) to research assistant.
During this period, he published his first nationally noticed broadside: a long indictment, published on the letters page of the New York Times, of Henry Kissinger’s foreign policy.
This assisted noted historian and expert on U.S. foreign policy James Chace in helping Carr, after he left New York University, to get a job as a researcher and editorial assistant for the Foreign Affairs Quarterly, where Chace was managing editor.
It has a few good scenes, but is essentially ‘roman a clef’ nonsense that every writer has to get out of his system early on.
Winner of the 1995 Anthony Award for best first novel (although technically it was his second), the book, set in 1896 New York City follows the exploits of a small band of individuals determined to catch a serial killer.
Carr’s lifelong interest in violence, which initially fed his study of military history, expanded into a study of serial killers with the advent of the Son of Sam murders of 1976–1977.
Consulted by Paramount TV as to what could be done to salvage the pilot, Carr told Paramount that, if left to work on his own with the assistant editor, he could produce a new cut of the show for a television movie that would at least be moderately successful, especially abroad.
But when Frankenheimer suddenly died and was replaced by Paul Schrader, who insisted on his own version of the script, Neeson abandoned the project and Carr, deeply disillusioned, returned to New York for the last time.
Shortly after its publication, he testified before the House Subcommittee on National Security, met privately with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to discuss the future of the war on terrorism, and served as a guest speaker on every major network and many cable news outlets during the American invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.
One council member was told there was a scheduling conflict; others alleged not enough members signed up; yet Carr believed the real reason was due to his criticisms of Henry Kissinger, who was a member of the council.
He furthered his relationship with Bard as a Visiting Professor of History from 2004 to 2005 teaching courses ranging from World Military History to the History of American Intelligence to the History of Insurgencies and Counter Insurgencies.
In 2007, he again participated in the Bard Globalization and International Affairs Program’s Speakers Series speaking on the topic of anticipating counter insurgency in Iraq.
On September 10, 2002, Carr participated in the Bard’s Globalization and International Affairs Program panel discussions to mark the events of September 11, 2001, discussing the repercussions of the attacks on the World Trade Center, Shanksville, Pennsylvania, and the Pentagon.
The fictional kingdom of Broken occupies the part of modern Germany known as the Harz Mountains, in particular the mountain peak known in as Brocken, which for centuries had been considered the seat of supernatural doings, because, Carr demonstrates, of the ignorance and superstition of man.
In response to the continued threats from ISIS near the end of 2015 and early in 2016, for example, Carr published a quartet of essays embodying once again his roots as a noted military scholar.
In the '80s Carr pursued his career as a scholar and journalist; he spent his nights working in the theater directing both repertory works as well as productions of his own plays.
Carr has lived the majority of his life on Manhattan’s Lower East Side, spending his summers and many weekends at his family's home in Cherry Plain, New York.
In 2000, he purchased his own property, known as Misery Mountain, in Cherry Plain; and in 2006 he moved there permanently.
Hed PE (also known as (hed) Planet Earth and stylized as (həd) or as (Hed)pe or (Hed)PE) is an American rock band from Huntington Beach, California.
Hed PE signed with Jive Records, releasing their self-titled debut album in 1997 The rampageous cover art drawn up by the band’s turntablist – DJ Product@1969It was a very ‘hurry up’ and rushed [piece] because of a deadline from the label [for the artwork] to be turned in.” it was done with pressure of the band and label.
I had maybe 24hrs to get something done, otherwise they were gonna use some stock image from the art director at Jive.”..
Due to the label's contractual terms and the disappointing sales of the album, the band found themselves unable to repay the cash advances given to them by Jive.
The album was intended as a return to the basics of rock music, and did not rely as heavily on studio enhancement as previous releases.
Towards the end of 2013, DJ Product mysteriously left the band with no explanation and no comment from the other members.
On May 13, 2014, On the band's official Facebook page, they released the official announcement of when the band's new album Evolution will hit stores.
Hed PE's music is a fusion of styles ranging from hip hop, reggae, and ska to hard rock, punk, and heavy metal.
The band's lyrics draw from a number of subjects, including social justice, the existence of extraterrestrial life, criticism of organized religion, the 9/11 Truth movement, cannabis use and sexual intercourse.
Gomes, in addition to the 9/11 Truth movement, has expressed support for social liberal politicians such as Nancy Pelosi and president Barack Obama.
Tradition holds that he was a stonemason by trade who came from the island of Arba (today Rab), on the other side of the Adriatic Sea (in what is now part of modern-day Croatia, then part of the Roman Empire), fleeing persecution for his Christian beliefs in the Diocletianic Persecution.
of the sea), he became a Deacon, and was ordained by Gaudentius, the Bishop of Rimini; later, he was recognised and accused by an insane woman of being her estranged husband, so he quickly fled to Monte Titano to build a chapel-monastery and live as a hermit.
Another version of the story says that he began preaching to Christian slaves at Rimini, but soon became distracted from the evil of the world.
As Marinus's reputation for his sanctity grew, others started to follow him there, until finally a lady from Rimini and the owner of Mount Titano decided to gift him the mountain.
Marinus was canonised as a saint, and later, the State of San Marino grew up from the centre created by the monastery.
His feast day/memorial day is 3 September, commemorating the day, in 301, when he founded what became known as San Marino, which is also the state's national holiday.
This affirmation of freedom (first and foremost fiscal franchise) from both the Empire and the Papal States, however legendary, has always been the inspiration of the tiny republic.
Although its name is similar to the defunct Reform Party of Canada, the provincial party was founded before the federal party was and it did not have any formal association with it.
The party's first candidates ran in the 1991 provincial election, when four candidates stood in the 75 ridings, receiving 2,673 votes, or 0.18% of the popular vote.
In the May 28, 1996 election, the party nominated candidates in all of the province’s 75 ridings, and collected 146,734 votes (9.27% of the popular vote).
Many blamed Reform for splitting the right wing vote and helping the New Democratic Party of British Columbia under Glen Clark get re-elected.
Richard Neufeld crossed to the BC Liberals, and became a provincial cabinet minister before being appointed to the Canadian Senate on the recommendation of Prime Minister Stephen Harper in 2008.
Following Hanni's resignation, at the November 12–13, 1999 leadership convention, former Social Credit premier Bill Vander Zalm was acclaimed as leader of the party.
Vander Zalm attempted to orchestrate a merger of Reform with other right-wing parties, but ran into stiff opposition from a centrist old guard.
At the time, they were in second place in the polls, with a one percentage point lead over the NDP, and had been in second place for the previous year.
In the 2001 provincial election, the Reform Party nominated eight candidates, receiving a total of 3,008 votes (0.22% of the total vote).
In five ridings, Reform received over 2% of the vote, its best result being in Surrey-Green Timbers, where the party won 3.5% of the vote.
The party nominated one candidate to contest the 2005 election: Ron Gamble won 344 votes (1.76% of the total) in North Vancouver-Lonsdale.
Together with the Khanty people, the Mansi are politically represented by the Association to Save Yugra, an organisation founded during Perestroika of the late 1980s.
The Mansi have been in contact with the Russian state at least since the 16th century when most of western Siberia was brought under Russian control by Yermak Timofeyevich.
Due to their higher exposure to Russian and Soviet control, they are generally more assimilated than their northern neighbours, the Khanty.
The Mansi are said in legends to have ridden moose (Eurasian Elk) into battle, though there is no historical evidence of this.
It has been recorded by many Irish singers and groups, notably John McCormack, The Clancy Brothers, The Dubliners, The Wolfe Tones (a group with Republican leanings) in 1972, the Poxy Boggards, and The Irish Tenors (John McDermott, Ronan Tynan, Anthony Kearns) and Sean Conway for a 2007 single.
The lyrics use a simple ABABCDCD rhyme scheme, with verses of eight lines, and alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter.
Davis describes how he learned of ancient fighters for freedom as a boy — the three hundred Spartans who fought at the Battle of Thermopylae.
Davis mentions his belief that only moral, religious men could set Ireland free, and his own aims to make himself worthy of such a task.
She was a descendant of Poseidon, who, making love to Periboea, begot Nausithous, who in turn had two sons, Rhexenor, her father and Alcinous, her uncle and later on, her husband.
The Colchians arrived soon after in pursuit of Medea and demanded to take her back to face punishment for the death of her father, Aeëtes.
Midtown Madness (also known as Midtown Madness: Chicago Edition) is a 1999 racing game developed by Angel Studios and published by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows.
Players can explore the city via one of several modes, and can determine the weather and traffic conditions for each race.
The Checkpoint mode combines the features of Blitz and Circuit has the player race against other cars to a destination—but also adds the complication of other traffic, such as police cars and pedestrians.
Environmental conditions that traverse all modes include weather (sunny, rainy, cloudy, and snowy), time of day (sunrise, afternoon, sunset, and night-time), and the density of pedestrians, traffic, and police vehicles.
Players start off with 5 vehicles, and 5 more are unlockable; the vehicles available range from a Volkswagen New Beetle and a Ford F-350 to a city bus and a Freightliner Century truck.
If the player has previously won a certain race mission, they can change the race's duration and the weather when replaying it.
The streets feature a number of objects into which the player can crash, including trash bins, parking meters, mailboxes, and traffic lights.
Multiplayer mode includes a Cops and Robbers mode, a capture the flag-style game in which players form two teams and each team tries to steal the opposing team's cache of gold and return it to their own hideout.
According to project director Clinton Keith, the concept behind the game came to two Microsoft employees during an attempt to cross a crowded street in Paris.
Angel Studios (after deciding against rendering pedestrians in two dimensions) developed 3D pedestrian models that could run and jump out of the way.
A demo version was released for download on May 1, 1999; It featured three vehicles (a Mustang, a Panoz Roadster, and a bus), and all driving modes except circuit.
In December 1999, Angel Studios reported that they were considering a race designer for players, but ultimately this feature was not added.
A drill instructor is a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces or police forces with specific duties that vary by country.
The instruction and indoctrination given by the drill instructors of the various U.S. military branches includes instruction in customs and practices of military life, physical fitness, instruction in the proper execution of military drill, instilling discipline and willingness to immediately obey all lawful orders given by superiors, and oftentimes, basic armed and unarmed combat training.
Each recruit platoon is commanded by Recruit Instructors usually consisting of a Lieutenant, a Sergeant and up to four instructors of the Corporal or Bombardier rank.
A Recruit Instructor can be identified by a 1st Recruit Training Battalion colour patch on his or her slouch hat and a small Recruit Instructor badge worn on the right breast pocket, if the position has been held long enough.
In the Royal Australian Navy, there are Instructors at HMAS Cerberus, where the Recruit School course is held, and HMAS Creswell, where the NEOC (New Entry Officer Course) is held, as well as at ADFA.
The AFP is the only police agency to formally train and accredit police drill instructors in Australia, with a number of New South Wales Police Force members attached to the NSW Police College holding that qualification.
The College Sergeant carries a black pace stick as a badge of office at ceremonial functions and a swagger stick during normal duties.
The New South Wales Police Force has a Drill Sergeant and a Drill Constable attached to the NSW Police College at Goulburn.
The Senior Protocol Officer (formally known as Protocol and Discipline Officer) which carries the rank of Senior Sergeant is responsible for the coordination of the final week of drill, known as Attestation Week and holds the position of Parade Sergeant at all Attestation Parades.
The Senior Protocol officer is responsible for dress, bearing and discipline and also is the guardian of NSWPF history, customs, traditions and symbols at the NSW Police College.
The Senior Protocol Officer carries a black pace stick with silver fittings and wears a black coloured Hellweg Brand Sam Browne belt with strap as a badge of office.
The Western Australian Police Force has a Drill Sergeant of the rank of sergeant who trains recruits in drill, discipline and other matters.
In the British Army, the appointment of Drill Sergeant (DSgt) is limited to the five Foot Guards regiments, the Honourable Artillery Company (HAC), Infantry Training Centre Catterick, London District, and the All-Arms Drill Wing (part of the Army School of Ceremonial, Catterick).
There are two Drill Sergeants per battalion (one in the HAC) and they have specific responsibilities for all duties, public or battalion (royal duties, barrack duties etc.).
They support the Garrison Sergeant Major (GSM) or Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) in the formation, practice and execution of these duties, typically running the duties roster, supervising rehearsals, and undertaking the guard mounts, both royal and barrack.
The London District Drill Sergeant supports the GSM in the supervision of Trooping the Colour, the State Opening of Parliament, Beating the Retreat and any state visits.
They have the right to wear Sam Browne belts when in No.2 dress and carry swords (never drawn) on ceremonial duties.
They are the third most senior Warrant Officers within a regimental structure, after the RSM and the Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant (RQMS).
Drill instructors are held responsible for the welfare, behavior, and military education of the recruits assigned to them on a 24-hour basis throughout the period of initial training, of which the most well known is Basic Training or boot camp.
The title of Drill Instructor is a billet independent of rank, to be held by Non-Commissioned Officers who successfully complete the intense training program to earn that title.
The arduous nature of drill instructor duty means that such assignments are among the most prestigious carried out by enlisted personnel.
Those who become drill instructors are eligible for a variety of military awards, such as the Marine Drill Instructor Ribbon, and the Army's Drill Sergeant Identification Badge.
At Officer Candidates School (OCS), candidates are instructed by Drill Instructors who have already served a tour at one of the Recruit Depots.
In the initial phase of training, officer candidates are trained in almost the same manner, and by the same people, as enlisted Marines, with slight differences reflecting the difference between the responsibilities the candidates will have as second lieutenants and those the recruits will have as junior Marines.
In addition, Drill Instructors at either E-6 or E-7 also train naval officer candidates at the Navy's Officer Candidate School at Officer Training Command Newport, Rhode Island, a holdover from the days when they trained prospective naval aviators at the former Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS) at Naval Aviation Schools Command, Pensacola, FL.
Class Drill Instructors train officer candidates alongside Class Chief Petty Officers who have experience training Navy recruits as Recruit Division Commanders (RDCs).
Once a Marine's name comes up on this list, they must either serve the duty or prove that they are unfit for the assignment.
Marines report to either Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island in South Carolina or to Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego in California, where they are assigned to Drill Instructor School.
A Marine assigned to DI School must have at least a rank of Sergeant (E-5), or have been selected for promotion to Sergeant.
The typical training day begins around 4:00 a.m. (0400 military time) and ends around 7:30 p.m. (1930), many times with specific training evaluations and end-of-day cleanups that require even longer days.
At the end of each day, DI School students have to practice effective time management in studying for exams, practicing drill, rehearsing the teaching of drill movements verbatim and preparing uniforms all while still making time for intense physical training.
Physical training also prepares the future Drill Instructors for the Marine Corps Physical Fitness Test which consists of pull-ups, abdominal crunches, and a 3-mile timed run.
Since a drill instructor is often required to spend 20 hours a day or more on his or her feet and to move fast at all times, various running sessions are conducted to enhance speed and endurance.
Students are led by their squad instructors in ability group runs based on speed, gradually increasing distance and speed throughout the course.
Every student is continuously evaluated, corrected, and mentored, with special attention paid to the smallest of details, such as the placement of a finger within 1/4 inch of its required location along a trouser seam, angle of the weapon, and positioning of the student in relation to the unit.
The drill instructor is expected to convey the best possible Marine Corps image to recruits and to America and to conduct his/herself to the highest Marine Corps leadership and integrity standards as well as to impart these standards to every recruit they train.
It is his or her duty to command the recruit platoon for initial drill evaluation, in which, in addition to the platoon receiving a score, the Drill Instructor is evaluated as well.
These new drill instructors bear the burden of responsibility for breaking down a recruit's sense of self and selfishness, so that the more experienced drill instructors can focus the recruits on selflessness, obedience, and fraternity.
Senior Drill Instructors hold a respected position which is distinguished by the wearing of a black highly polished (patent leather) sword belt instead of a green duty belt.
A Senior Drill Instructor is ultimately accountable for the training of the platoon and for the efficiency of his or her assistant Drill Instructors.
Although Senior Drill Instructors are NCOs (Sergeants) or Staff NCOs, their position in the recruit training platoon is similar to that of a commissioned officer Platoon Commander in a line platoon.
Such assignments are referred to as quotas, and include jobs as academic instructors, administrative duties at Recruit Processing (Receiving Barracks, also known as Receiving Company at MCRD San Diego), martial arts instructors, Medical Rehabilitation Platoon (MRP), Physical Conditioning Platoon (PCP), Combat Water Survival Instructors, Field Training Instructors (a.k.a.
These volunteers still report to Drill Instructor School, but are referred to as course challengers, and are only required to complete a short refresher course.
Multiple tour drill instructors, based on rank and experience, are usually assigned as Senior Drill Instructors, Series Chief Drill Instructors (MCRD San Diego) or Series Gunnery Sergeants (MCRD Parris Island), DI school instructors, Company First Sergeants, or Battalion Sergeants Major.
While in Drill Instructor status, both male and female DIs wear a World War I campaign hat with their service and utility uniforms.
This award is also given to other enlisted Marines and officers assigned to the recruit training environment, although these billets are recognized as being less directly involved in actually training recruits such as Series and Company Commander/ XO, Battalion Executive Officer, S-3, and Commander, and various levels of Sergeants Major at each Depot.
Historically, the task of the Drill Sergeant has been intrinsic to good order and discipline and commands respect throughout the Army.
Currently, soldiers of appropriate rank (usually Staff Sergeants and Sergeants First Class ) may volunteer or be centrally selected by U.S. Army Human Resources Command to attend Drill Sergeant School.
Drill Sergeant School is ten weeks long and consists of exactly the same activities as basic training; drill and ceremony, basic rifle marksmanship, obstacle/confidence courses, and field training exercises, training management, and leadership.
Drill Sergeant candidates are held to the highest standards while going through the school as preparation for their tours of duty.
OSUT Drill Sergeants train recruits for an equivalent of BCT plus an additional number of weeks depending on the Military Occupational Specialty, so their average number of cycles is less than that of a BCT Drill Sergeant.
It is not unusual for a cycle to graduate on a Thursday or Friday with new recruits arriving the following Monday or Tuesday.
Following several years of regular noncomissioned officers filling platoon sergeant billets in Advanced Individual Training, the Army announced in early April 2018, that Drill Sergeants will return to AIT training.
Senior Drill Sergeants are the most senior NCO in a given training platoon, and are ultimately responsible for Soldiers within or under their authority.
The only NCO more senior to these individuals at the company level is the company's First Sergeant, the senior enlisted leader and advisor to the company commander.
The Army has had a difficult time recruiting Drill Sergeant volunteers due to recent changes in doctrine and policy, with a recent study by the Department of Defense noting that fewer than 30% of Drill Sergeant candidates are volunteers.
Due to this, and also in part to the second and third order effects of this policy on the operational force, many NCOs feel disenchanted with the prospect of life on the trail and feel that their leadership abilities are better suited elsewhere.
DSL's are selected very carefully by a panel of current senior Drill Sergeant Leaders, along with the leadership from the Academy.
DSL's are held to the same high Army standards that new incoming Drill Sergeants are assessed on and must remain at those standards while instructing at the Academy.
In the United States Navy, recruit training is conducted by Recruit Division Commanders (RDCs, formerly Company Commanders or CCs) at Recruit Training Command Great Lakes, located at Naval Station Great Lakes, in North Chicago, IL.
RDCs are usually E-6 (Petty Officer First Class), but may be up to a Master Chief (E-9) and have at least six years time in service and above, who are volunteers that serve a three-year tour at RTC Great Lakes.
RDC School students typically spend thirteen weeks learning about the duties they will perform as RDCs, including drill and ceremony, classroom instruction, and uniform and compartment maintenance.
Because of the intense workout periods, some RDC students find themselves unprepared; however, they must be ready to keep up with the recruits, some of them who are much younger or more athletic than they are.
RDC duty is considered a highly prestigious one as it is associated with higher levels of accession into the higher petty officer rates, including Chief Petty Officer.
At the end of the three-year tour, eligible RDCs receive the Recruit Training Service Ribbon, along with a choice of coast for their next duty stations.
In addition to training recruits at RTC Great Lakes, RDCs at E-7 (Chief Petty Officer) or above who have experience leading recruit divisions train students at Officer Training Command in Newport, Rhode Island, either training prospective naval officers at Officer Candidate School (OCS) as Class Chief Petty Officers, alongside Marine Corps Drill Instructors, or newly commissioned junior officers in the Navy's Staff Corps (i.e.
MTIs initially conduct basic training at Lackland Air Force Base as part of the 737th Training Group, but a select few conduct military training at the Officer Training School at Maxwell AFB and at the Air Force Academy during basic cadet training.
Their usual duty uniform is the Airman Battle Uniform (ABU), with Blues uniforms worn during certain drill practices, and the graduation ceremony.
Upon receiving their certification as an instructor, they receive the Air Education and Training Command Instructor badge for wear on the right side of the blues uniform.
After this time, graduates will be awarded the Air Force Special Duty Ribbon, newly created and authorized on 1 Oct 2014.
At the conclusion of a tour, some MTIs are offered the chance to work in essential support training roles in the basic training course.
Military training leaders (MTLs) wear a blue aiguillette on the left shoulder and act in the same capacity as Army drill sergeants during technical training.
The aiguillette in various colors is worn by students to indicate leadership roles - green for student flight leaders, yellow for student squadron leaders, and red for squadron student commanders.
A white aiguillette is worn by chapel guides, a white and blue rope denotes they are in the Drum and Bugle Corps, and a teal rope is worn by student counselors.
Coast Guard recruit companies average two or three CCs per, with the newer CCs serving as Assistants to the more experienced Lead CC.
The rationale behind this is to remind these cadets of their experiences coming into the Academy, and to reinforce the mantra that they must do the things they will eventually demand of incoming Swabs.
The experience provides third class cadets with invaluable experience they will need in training the new incoming fourth class cadets during Swab Summer.
In many military services, a Drill Instructors' creed has been created to succinctly state the beliefs that a Drill Instructor should follow.
He is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government Theory at Harvard University Law School, where his course Justice was the university's first course to be made freely available online and on television.
He was president of his senior class at Palisades High School (1971) and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Brandeis University with a bachelor's degree in politics (1975).
Sandel's view is that we are by nature encumbered to an extent that makes it impossible even in the hypothetical to have such a veil.
Some examples of such ties are those with our families, which we do not make by conscious choice but are born with, already attached.
The popularity of the show is attributed to the discussion-oriented format (the Socratic method)—rather than recitation and memorization of facts—and to Sandel's engaging style, incorporating context into discussion; for example, he starts one lecture with a discussion of the ethics of ticket scalping.
These followed a format similar to the Justice lectures, this time recorded in front of an audience at the London School of Economics.
Across three programs, Sandel debates with the audience whether universities should give preference to students from poorer backgrounds, whether a nurse should be paid more than a banker, and whether it is right to bribe people to be healthy.
On April 29, 2013, the philosophy department faculty of San Jose State University addressed an open letter to Sandel protesting the use of MOOCs (massively open online courses) such as his Justice course.
He offers a commentary on the roles of moral values and civic community in the American electoral process—a much-debated aspect of the 2004 US election cycle and of current political discussion.
The lectures were delivered in London on May 18, Oxford on May 21, Newcastle on May 26, and Washington, DC, in early June, 2009.
This proposed solution entailed imposing refugee quotas on nations according to their wealth and then allowing countries to pay other, poorer countries to take refugees allotted under their quota.
The Dodge Daytona is an automobile which was produced by the Chrysler Corporation under their Dodge division from 1984 to 1993.
The Daytona derives its name mainly from the Dodge Charger Daytona, which itself was named after the Daytona 500 race in Daytona Beach, Florida.
The 2.2 L Turbo I engine was available as standard equipment in the XE and XT trim lines and optional on the standard model.
The Laser was replaced by the Mitsubishi built Chrysler Conquest, a rear-wheel drive vehicle which competed directly against the Toyota Celica Supra.
The Laser name was silently terminated after the first half of 1986 model year, then resurrected for the 1990 model year as the Plymouth Laser, built by Diamond Star Motors, a joint venture between Chrysler and Mitsubishi.
However, the Laser’s luxury performance image would be carried over into the 1987 Dodge Daytona Pacifica as well as the Lancer Pacifica and other Dodge vehicles styled by Chrysler's Pacifica Studios.
Chrysler offered a five-year or warranty, or a protection plan with outer body rust-through protection, based on United States Automobile Club tests.
Many Turbo Z models were produced and were more luxurious than other years due to their use of Mark Cross leather, light up speakers, and rear amplifier switches.
But the biggest change was under the hood: the 2.2 Turbo was given four more hp to 146 hp (109 kW), and a new shift linkage was added.
The Shelby Z also featured numerous suspension upgrades, including a larger diameter front sway bar and disc brakes on all four wheels.
Among the optional equipment included a leather interior, eight-way power enthusiast driver's seat (with mechanical thigh and lumbar controls), digital instrument cluster, and a 12-button trip computer (with instant fuel ratings as well as trip averages and estimated travel times).
In order to reduce weight and produce a lighter Daytona, the C/S came without the ground effects and other features that were on the Shelby.
The AGB model C/S had a Turbo I 2.2 L engine, which was available with either an automatic or manual transmission.
Following the Chrysler takeover of Lamborghini, product programs general manager Jack Stavana introduced a program to fit a Lamborghini Jalpa V8 into a Daytona.
The 2.2 L Turbo I was replaced with the 2.5 L Turbo I, rated at 150 hp and 180 ft. lbs.
This new C/S model featured an intercooled 2.2 L Turbo II engine, along with many other features that were also on the Shelby.
The IROC decals where added in halfway through 1991 even though all Shelby Daytonas from 1991 were considered to be IROCs.
The Daytona also received a thorough facelift, which replaced the pop-up headlights with flush-mounted rounded ones and added a new grille and rear fascia.
Window surround moldings on the doors were also new, and rounder than the sharp angles of the moldings on 1984 to 1991 models.
Although the Shelby trim was discontinued after 1991 (due to the end of Carroll Shelby's involvement with Chrysler), a small number of 1992 Daytona IROCs were produced bearing the Shelby name.
These were the last production vehicles produced by Chrysler to bear the Shelby name was in 1991 when replaced with Iroc .
Chia Pets are American styled terracotta figurines used to sprout chia, where the chia sprouts grow within a couple of weeks to resemble the animal's fur or hair.
All include a Chia Alarm Clock during wave 11 to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the Chia Pet in 2006, in 2007 could include either the Chia Alarm Clock, Chia Watch, or Mini Chia Cuddly, and in 2008 could include either the Mini Chia Cuddly or a deck of Chia Playing Cards.
Chia Guy and Chia Professor include a Chia Alarm Clock during wave 11 to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the Chia Pet in 2006, in 2007 could include either the Chia Alarm Clock, Chia Watch, or Mini Chia Cuddly, and in 2008 could include either the Mini Chia Cuddly or a deck of Chia Playing Cards.
The presidents and 2012 candidates are sculpted as heads, atop a base that is thicker than normal for a Chia Head planter.
The Chia Chef's Garden is another step in the direction of the Chia Herb Gardens, in this case designed to grow vegetables indoors.
The set includes three terra cotta pots, three terra cotta saucers, three Chia Wonder Soil inserts, and six packets of seeds (in sweet basil, tomatoes, and peppers) and recipe/tip book.
All include Chia Growing Mix, Cat Grass seeds (a mix of sweet oat and wheat grass) for three plantings, and a plastic saucer.
The purpose of the Chia Cat Grass Planter is to give something tasty and nutritious for cats to eat, rather than one's Chia Pets.
A Watch-Me-Grow Chia Card displays a changing image of the Chia item it was packaged with in various stages of growth, from the bare Terra Cotta statue, to the fully grown image normally displayed on the packaging.
During the time they were available, the cards were rubber-pasted to the front of the packaging, where the usual product image was normally located, though still sealed under the outer layer of shrink-wrap.
Watch-Me-Grow Chia Cards were available depicting the following items: Chia Puppy, Chia Kitten, Chia Bunny, Chia Turtle, Chia Pig, Chia Frog, Chia Hippo, Chia Elephant, Chia Cow, Chia Dinosaur, Chia Guy, Chia Kid, Chia Professor, Chia Clown, Chia Lion Cub, Chia Elmer Fudd, Chia Taz, Chia Tweety, and Chia Tree.
Available packaged with all Chia Pets, the two remaining Chia Heads, and the Chia Tree during wave 11 in 2006 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Chia Pet.
The Chia Alarm Clock continued to be available, but packages could also contain a Mini Chia Cuddly in the shape of the bear cub, or a Chia Watch, which was a simple digital watch with a clear gel watchband having tiny colored images of various Chia Pets stamped on it.
Each packaged Chia Pet, Chia Head, or Chia Tree displayed a decal indicating which of the three pack-ins would be found inside.
The cards were of the standard four-suit playing card variety, and had pictures of various Chia Pets in the center of each card.
The company is a 50/50 joint venture between GE Aviation, a subsidiary of General Electric, and Pratt & Whitney, a subsidiary of United Technologies.
Engine Alliance was established in August 1996 to develop, manufacture, sell, and support a family of aircraft engines for new high-capacity, long-range aircraft.
The main application for such an engine, the GP7100, was originally for the Boeing 747-500/600X projects, before these were cancelled due to lack of demand from airlines.
On September 30, 2017, an Engine Alliance GP7270 engine suffered from an uncontained failure during the passenger flight of Air France Flight 66.
The Kelley School of Business (KSB) is an undergraduate and graduate business school at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana and Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.
As of 2017, approximately 7,500 full-time undergraduate and graduate students are enrolled on its Bloomington campus, as well as 1,740 students at the Indianapolis campus.
Initially it resided in the Commerce Building constructed in 1923 (William A. Rawles Hall since 1971), moving to the Business and Economics Building in 1940 (called Woodburn Hall since 1971) and finally to today's Business School building in 1966.
Although they had been holding classes in Indianapolis since 1961, it wasn't until the Fall of 1974 that the Kelley School of Business officially expanded to Indianapolis.
The dean's office is located on the Bloomington campus, but two positions, Executive Associate Dean - Indianapolis and Associate Dean of Indianapolis Research and Programs, were created to lead the Kelley School of Business curriculum, faculty and programs at IUPUI.
Completed in 2003, the $33 million Graduate and Executive Education Center provides state-of-the-art learning facilities to the Kelley School's graduate and executive education students and houses some of the nation's top-ranked programs and research centers.
Featuring elegant limestone and oak architecture, the building provides students and faculty with every imaginable technological advantage and connects with the undergraduate facilities via a two-story limestone walkway.
In 2003, the Kelley School partnered with the Scotts Miracle-Gro Company to launch Bloomington Brands, a unique brand management work-study program for both undergraduates and MBA students.
Students manage all marketing variables for the Osmocote brand, including the selection of product formulas, sizes, packages, and pricing, as well as the development of marketing strategy, advertising, media purchase and selection, promotional activities, and consumer research.
In the Summer of 2005 interim Dean Dan Smith was appointed to be the new dean of the school, replacing Dean Dan Dalton who stepped down in 2004.
In a ceremony on October 21, 2005, the Kelley School renamed its Graduate and Executive Education Center in honor of William J. Godfrey, an alumnus and successful businessman who bequeathed land valued at $25 million.
On March 30, 2012, the Kelley School renamed its Undergraduate Building Hodge Hall in honor of James R. Hodge who gifted $15 million to help renovate and expand the facility.
The $60 million expansion and renovation of Hodge Hall broke ground in May 2012 and opened in the fall of 2014.
In June 2012 Dean Dan Smith stepped down as dean of the school after serving as dean for seven years to take a new position as president and CEO of the Indiana University Foundation.
The Kelley School of Business undergraduate program has been ranked top 15 in the nation for over fifteen years and top 10 in the last six, across various publications.
In a 2016 survey of over 1,000 recruiters by Bloomberg Businessweek, the undergraduate school was ranked 4th in the nation, 1st among public universities.
In 2017, The Economist ranked the Kelley Master of Business Administration (MBA) program #22 in the world (17th in the U.S.).
The 2017 U.S. News & World Report ranks Kelley's Online Graduate Business Program #1 in the nation, and the online MBA #3.
The school's doctoral program has contributed to overall teaching and research by sending more than 1,000 doctoral graduates to key positions in industry and academe.
In the 2010 QS Global 200 Business Schools Report the school was indexed as the 24th best business school in North America.
Fortune Small Business magazine listed Kelley’s MBA and undergraduate programs in entrepreneurship #1 among all public universities in the nation in 2009.
A 2017 report by Crist|Kolder Associates listed Indiana University 5th in producing current Fortune 500 CEOs and 1st in producing Fortune 500 CFOs among public institutions.
The Kelley School of Business is among the elite 25 percent of business programs internationally accredited by the AACSB International — The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.
The Business/SPEA Information Commons on the Bloomington campus serves the research and study needs of students and faculty of both the Kelley School of Business and Indiana University's School of Public and Environmental Affairs.
It houses administrative offices for the Master of Business Administration program, Kelley Executive Partners, Kelley Direct, the Johnson Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, and graduate accounting, finance and information systems programs.
The Kelley School renamed its Graduate and Executive Education Center in honor of William J. Godfrey, an alumnus and successful businessman who has bequeathed land valued at $25 million.
The most wired building on the Bloomington campus, it features both direct and wireless connectivity that will help students both inside and outside the classroom.
Other special features include a trading room, which includes informational resources comparable to most Wall Street firms, allowing students and faculty to monitor the markets, develop financial products, and engage into trading activities with other counterparties.
Nintendo Selects (formerly Player's Choice) is a marketing label used by Nintendo to promote video games on current Nintendo game consoles that have sold well.
, recommended retail prices are £19.99 in the United Kingdom, USD$19.99 in the United States, CDN$19.99 in Canada, A$49.95 in Australia and €29.99 throughout the Eurozone.
PAL region Player's Choice games have boxes that are colored silver or platinum with Player's Choice markings on the right hand side of a Nintendo 64 box or on the top of a GameCube box.
Later in the year, when 6 new titles were added, Nintendo split the pricing for different sets of GCN games, so that some titles would enter in or stay at U.S.$29.99 while others would be reduced immediately to U.S.$19.99.
The label was then expanded to the Wii U alongside select Wii and Nintendo 3DS titles in Canada, released on March 11, 2016, priced at CA$29.99.
Due to the use of a more expensive cartridge-based format, all N64 Player's Choice titles retailed for $39.95 in the United States and $49.99 in Canada.
The Engine Alliance GP7000 is a turbofan jet engine manufactured by Engine Alliance, a joint venture between General Electric and Pratt & Whitney.
It is built around an 0.72 scale of the GE90-110B/115B core and contains a Pratt & Whitney fan and low-pressure system design.
The competing Rolls-Royce Trent 900 was named as the lead engine for the then-named A3XX in 1996 and was initially selected by almost all A380 customers.
However the GE/PW engine increased its share of the A380 engine market to the point where as of September 2007 it will power 47% of the super-jumbo fleet.
This disparity in sales was resolved in a single transaction, with Emirates' order of 55 GP7000-powered A380-800s, comprising over one quarter of A380 sales (as of September 2007).
Ground testing of the engine began in April 2004 and was first flight tested as the number two engine on GE's 747 flying testbed over Victorville, CA in December 2004.
On August 25, 2006, the same aircraft, A380-861 test aircraft (MSN 009), made the first flight of an Engine Alliance powered A380.
The engine is offered with two ratings appropriate for the various A380 configurations and take-off weights: GP7270 for the 560 tonne variant, and GP7277 for the 590 tonne A380-800 freighter (which was subsequently cancelled by Airbus).
On 30 September 2017, Air France Flight 66, an Airbus A380 with registration F-HPJE, suffered an uncontained engine failure during flight where the entire fan module (blades and disc) and nose cowl on its number-four GP7270 engine separated from the engine.
To repatriate the stranded jet, the damaged engine would be replaced and sent back to GE's workshop at Cardiff; a replacement engine would be placed in the same position to balance the weight but not operable.
The French accident investigation agency BEA, which is conducting the investigation into the incident, released photos of the first engine fan, fan hub and cowling parts being recovered in Greenland.
In mathematics, the plus construction is a method for simplifying the fundamental group of a space without changing its homology and cohomology groups.
Given a perfect normal subgroup of the fundamental group of a connected CW complex formula_1, attach two-cells along loops in formula_1 whose images in the fundamental group generate the subgroup.
The plus construction may then be applied to the perfect normal subgroup formula_14 of formula_15, generated by matrices which only differ from the identity matrix in one off-diagonal entry.
Genital piercing is a form of body piercing that involves piercing a part of the genitalia, thus creating a suitable place for wearing different types of jewellery.
Genital piercings can be found in many tribal societies, in particular in South and East Asia, where it has been part of traditional practice since ancient times.
The traditional heritage place of genital piercings is assumed to be South East Asia, with traditional piercings being found in tribes ranging from India to Borneo.
Piercings of the genitals have a long tradition, with sources mentioning the Apadravya, a male genital piercing, as early as in the Kama Sutra (second century).
The ampallang, a similar piercing (which passes horizontally through the glans instead of vertically), is found in different tribes throughout Sarawak and Sabah on the island of Borneo.
However, the popularity diminished again, with genital piercings becoming rather uncommon in the western world until the second half of the 20th century.
In the 1970s, they were introduced to the emerging body modification community by the early piercings pioneers like Jim Ward and Doug Malloy, many of them associated with the legendary piercing studio The Gauntlet in Los Angeles.
Genital piercings were later sported by the modern primitives movement that developed during the 1980s in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Just like nipple piercings, genital piercings became increasingly more popular and part of mainstream culture in the second decade of the 21st century, with ″nice and normal″ people endorsing them.
Many celebrities such as Christina Aguilera, Fantasia Barrino, Pete Doherty, Lady Gaga, Janet Jackson, Lenny Kravitz, Katarina Waters, or Pete Wentz, stated that they had or planned to have genital piercings.
However, according to Chelsea Bunz, professional piercer from UK, the clearly existing rise in popularity might as well be an effect of more people openly talking about their genital piercings: ″I think genital piercing has always been popular – it's just discussed more openly these days, which makes it increasingly acceptable to the mainstream.
In addition, some (but not all) types of genital piercing increase sensitivity and provide additional stimulation during sexual intercourse or stimulation.
In many traditional cultures, these piercings are done as a rite of passage during adolescence and, symbolically and literally, mark the admittance to the adult world and serve as a marker of cultural identity.
While female genital piercings do this only to the women wearing them, male genital piercings can enhance stimulation for both the person wearing the jewelry and their partner by stimulating both the glans of the wearer and the vaginal wall or the anus of the penetrated partner.
Due to genital physiology, women seem to gain more sexual pleasure from both, their own as well as her partner's genital piercings.
Paolo Mantegazza stated, ″The Dayak women have a right to insist upon the ampallang and if the man does not consent they may seek separation.
Female genital piercings that are reported to enhance pleasure are the piercings that pass through or close to the clitoris, i.e.
In an empirical study at the University of South Alabama, the authors reported a positive relationship between vertical clitoral hood piercings and desire, frequency of intercourse and sexual arousal.
The triangle piercing is known to be quite pleasurable by providing stimulation of the underside of the clitoral glans, an area that is usually not stimulated at all.
Comparable to other piercings, improper hygiene during the piercings process carries the risk of transmitting blood borne diseases and during the healing process it might lead to infection.
Some physicians believe that male genital piercings increase the risk of STD transmission by making safer sex barriers (condoms) less effective.
The time to fully heal a genital piercing varies tremendously, depending on piercing site and individual characteristics: it can range from a week up to six months.
People with fresh piercings should abstain from sexual activity for the first few days and also then should use physical protection barriers such as condoms until the piercing is fully healed.
In many European countries, minors are required to bring a signed consent form from or to be escorted by a legal guardian.
Even in countries that have no laws regulating genital piercing in minors, many piercers refrain from doing them (since physiological development is not completed in minors).
Possible piercing sites on the male genitalia include the glans, the skin of the penis shaft, the scrotum or the perineum.
Piercings through the glans of the penis include the ampallang, which passes horizontally, and the apadravya, that passes vertically through the glans.
The Prince Albert piercing is situated on the ventral side (underside) of the penis immediately behind the glans, while the reverse Prince Albert piercing passes through the dorsal (top) side of the glans.
These piercings provide increased stimulation during intercourse to the male (who is carrying the piercing) as well as to the partner.
These include the mons pubis, the clitoral hood, the (inner and outer) labia and the vulval vestibule (which is the area surrounding the vaginal opening).
The Triangle piercing is located at the ventral end of the labia minora, at the point of transition between labia and clitoral hood.
A less common version of the Fourchette is the Suitcase piercing, which can be considered as a deep Fourchette (it enters on the perineum).
Also rather uncommon is the Princess Albertina piercing, the female version of the Prince Albert piercing, that passes through the ventral (lower) wall of the urethra.
The Christina piercing is a surface piercing, situated on the upper part of the mons pubis where the outer labia meet.
It is similar to the Nefertiti piercing, that can be seen as a combination between vertical clitoral hood piercing and Christina piercing.
These include the pubic piercing, which is situated above the penis in men and on the mons pubic in women (comparable to the Christina piercing, but horizontally).
In its earliest appearance in Greek, this notion of excellence was ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function: the act of living up to one's full potential.
Homer applies the term of both the Greek and Trojan heroes as well as major female figures, such as Penelope, the wife of the Greek hero Odysseus.
The Ancient Greeks applied the term to anything: for example, the excellence of a chimney, the excellence of a bull for breeding, and the excellence of a man.
It was commonly believed that the mind, body, and soul each had to be developed and prepared for a man to live a life of arete.
They did not need to consume one's life, merely exercise the body into the right condition for arete, just like the mind and soul would be exercised by other means.
So, not only is Achilles a brave and brilliant warrior but also, from the outset, he is destined to die in battle at Troy with the utmost glory—a guarantor of Arete.
Arete was occasionally personified as a goddess, the sister of Homonoia (not to be confused with Harmonia), and the daughter of the goddess of justice, Praxidike.
As with many minor Greek deities, there is little or no real mythical background to Arete, who is used at most as a personification of virtue.
The only story involving Arete was originally told in the 5th century BC by the sophist Prodicus, and concerns the early life of the hero Heracles.
This story was later used by Christian writers, such as Methodius of Olympus, Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, and Basil of Caesarea.
This training in arete included physical training, for which the Greeks developed the gymnasion; mental training, which included oratory, rhetoric, and basic sciences; and spiritual training, which included music and what is called virtue.
The Major Indoor Soccer League, known in its final two seasons as the Major Soccer League, was an indoor soccer league in the United States that played matches from fall 1978 to spring 1992.
Before folding after 14 seasons of competition, at the conclusion of the 1991–92 season, a total of 24 franchises – under 31 team names (seven teams would change city/name) – had played in the MISL.
Over its life, MISL teams would be based in 27 different cities – with two different teams, at different times, playing in Cleveland, East Rutherford, New Jersey, St. Louis and Uniondale, New York.
The Houston Summit (1978–80)/Baltimore Blast (1980–92) franchise was the only one to compete for the entire 14 seasons of the MISL's existence.
The next longest-lived franchise, and the longest in a single city, were the 13 seasons of the Wichita Wings team, which missed only the inaugural 1978–79 season.
The third longest-lived franchise was the 12 seasons of the Detroit Lightning (1979–80)/San Francisco Fog (1980–81)/Kansas City Comets (1981–91) franchise, which missed only the first and last seasons.
The San Diego Sockers was the most successful franchise, winning eight of the MISL's 14 overall championships (57%) – which also equates to eight championships during the team's nine seasons in the league (89%).
The most successful player in the MISL is arguably Steve Zungul, a Yugoslav American striker who was MISL Most Valuable Player six times, was the Scoring Champion six times, the Pass Master (most assists) four times, played on eight championship-winning teams (and one runner-up), and won Championship Series Most Valuable Player four times.
Zungul is the MISL's all-time leader in goals (652, nearly 200 ahead of the second highest scorer), assists (471, nearly 100 ahead of second) and points (1,123, nearly 300 ahead of second).
The league averaged 7,644 fans per game over its 14 regular seasons, and averaged 9,049 fans per game over its 14 playoff runs.
Four of the league's seven franchises would continue to operate: Cleveland Crunch and Wichita Wings joined the National Professional Soccer League; Dallas Sidekicks and San Diego Sockers helped found the Continental Indoor Soccer League.
During the MISL All-Star Game at Madison Square Garden, National Football League promotions director Jim Foster sketched a design of what a football field would look like on the back of a 9x12 manila envelope.
That inspiration gave birth to the concept now known as arena football (also indoor football) and the AFL was born six years later.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Three North American Soccer League (NASL) teams temporarily joined the MISL for the 1982–83 season, as the NASL did not play indoors for that season.
As the NASL was folding in 1985 four of its former teams (Chicago, Minnesota, New York and San Diego) joined the MISL in late 1984.
This award was given to 'the most outstanding player in his first year of competition in the Major Indoor Soccer League' in order to differentiate it from the Rookie of the Year award.
Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory and respiratory systems (heart and breath sounds), as well as the alimentary canal.
The act of listening to body sounds for diagnostic purposes has its origin further back in history, possibly as early as Ancient Egypt.
Laënnec's contributions were refining the procedure, linking sounds with specific pathological changes in the chest, and inventing a suitable instrument (the stethoscope) to mediate between the patient's body and the clinician's ear.
Ultrasonography (US) inherently provides capability for computer-aided auscultation, and portable US, especially portable echocardiography, replaces some stethoscope auscultation (especially in cardiology), although not nearly all of it (stethoscopes are still essential in basic checkups, listening to bowel sounds, and other primary care contexts).
Mediate auscultation is an antiquated medical term for listening (auscultation) to the internal sounds of the body using an instrument (mediate), usually a stethoscope.
It was demonstrated in the 2000s that Doppler auscultation using an hand-held ultrasound transducer enables the auscultation of valvular movements and blood flow sounds that are undetected during cardiac examination with a stethoscope.
The Doppler auscultation presented a sensitivity of 84% for the detection of aortic regurgitations, while classic stethoscope auscultation presented a sensitivity of 58%.
Since the physics of Doppler auscultation and classic auscultation are different, it has been suggested that both methods could complement each other.
To manage to escape and go home, he uses the native species of anthropomorphic plants—the Pikmin—to help him find the 30 parts of his ship in the 30 days his life support systems can support him.
After discovering that some things he has brought back from the Pikmin planet are extremely valuable, his boss sends him and a co-worker, Louie, to the planet to find more of it in order to pay down the company's debt.
Player characters Alph, Brittany, and Charlie, who crash-landed on the planet shortly after Olimar, seek to locate him in order to retrieve a crucial piece of their ship, which he took mistaking it for treasure.
He learns that in order to bring his ship back in working order, he must collect 30,000 of the substance known as Sparklium.
Once the player gathers up 30,000 Sparklium, Olimar learns he must retrieve an essential component needed to repair the ship, the Sparklium Converter.
However, it is revealed that it was eaten by the Beserk Leech Hydroe, a giant plant-like creature which he must fight.
In the late eighteenth century, Johann Jacob Schweppe developed a process to manufacture carbonated mineral water based on the discoveries of Joseph Priestley.
In 1843, Schweppes commercialised Malvern Water at the Holywell Spring in the Malvern Hills, which was to become a favourite of the British Royal Family until parent company Coca-Cola closed the historic plant in 2010 to local outcry.
After acquiring many other brands in the ensuing years, the company was split in 2008, with its US beverage unit becoming Keurig Dr Pepper and separated from its global confectionery business (now part of Mondelez International).
In 1945, the advertising agency S.T.Garland Advertising Service Ltd., London coined the word 'Schweppervescence' which was first used the following year.
Thereafter it was used extensively in advertisements produced by Garlands who sold copyright of this word to the Schweppes Company for £150 five years later when they relinquished the account.
An ad campaign in the 1950s and 1960s featured a real-life veteran British naval officer named Commander Whitehead, who described the product's bubbly flavour (effervescence) as evanescence.
Hardwar (sometimes stylized HardW[a]r or given the full name Hardwar: The Future Is Greedy) is a 1998 science fiction flight simulation computer game developed by The Software Refinery and published by Gremlin Interactive.
The colony was once a profitable mining outpost, but the major corporations backed out, leaving the inhabitants without the capability of space travel and a slowly but steadily crumbling infrastructure.
During two hundred years of isolation, the remaining corporations became effectively organised crime gangs, with the corrupt and inefficient police force maintaining little law and order.
Things change when an unidentified, apparently alien, ship crash lands in the defunct Port district, causing the two largest corporations - Klamp-G and Lazarus - to rush to take advantage.
The player finds themself thrust in to the situation, eventually managing to outrace both corporations to help the aliens repair their ship in return for passage off Titan, to an uncertain, but hopefully better, future.
Players may also be lowly scavengers like many artificial intelligence (AI) moths, picking at the dropped cargo of panicked traders, or players can become pirates themselves.
Many AI moths flit about with valuable cargo, should the players decide to take this path; however, stolen cargo in the players' hands can be confiscated by the police, or they could become the target of other outlaws now that they are carrying valuable cargo.
Alternatively, players can use a public hangar, such as one of the various businesses around the city to trade and repair their moths.
Players are able to trade goods from their hangar(s), and based on market forces such as supply and demand, as well as distance to the supply, players can set their own prices.
Based on how good a deal the players make, AI moths will line up in droves to purchase goods, or fly on by for a better deal elsewhere.
Players can set up manufacturing facilities in their hangars with the purchase of relevant equipment, to turn scrap metal into ship parts, to turn water and chemicals into alcohol, or any number of other products.
Software Refinery was located in the north of England at Leeds, and several locations in the game were named after actual buildings near the company's offices.
However, Ian Martin, one of the game's developers, did release a series of unofficial patches to the fan community to add additional features and bug fixes not present in the final official release.
This is a list of all populated places in New Mexico with a population greater than 1,000 as of the 2010 Census.
For a list of all incorporated places, including those with populations less than 1,000, see List of municipalities in New Mexico.
For a list of unincorporated places, including those with populations less than 1,000, see List of census-designated places in New Mexico.
Timaru (; ) is a port city in the southern Canterbury region of New Zealand, located southwest of Christchurch and about northeast of Dunedin on the eastern Pacific coast of the South Island.
The Timaru urban area is home to people, and is the largest urban area in South Canterbury, and the second largest in the Canterbury Region overall, after Christchurch.
The city is the seat of the Timaru District, which includes the surrounding rural area and the towns of Geraldine, Pleasant Point and Temuka, which combined has a total population of .
Caroline Bay beach is a popular recreational area located close to Timaru's city centre, just to the north of the substantial port facilities.
Beyond Caroline Bay, the industrial suburb of Washdyke is at a major junction with State Highway 8, the main route into the Mackenzie Country.
Timaru has been built on rolling hills created from the lava flows of the extinct Mt Horrible volcano, which last erupted thousands of years ago.
The result is that most of the main streets are undulating, a clear contrast with the flat landscape of the Canterbury Plains to the north.
Māori waka seem to have employed the site of Timaru as a place to rest on journeys up and down the eastern coastline for many years before the arrival of the first Europeans in the 19th century.
The area includes over 500 sites with traces of Māori rock art, particularly in the rock overhangs and caves of the Opuha and Opihi river valleys, to the west of modern-day Timaru.
During the 17th or 18th century the resident Ngāti Mamoe were driven southwards into Fiordland by an invasion of the Ngāi Tahu, who came from the North Island.
European settlement began with the construction of a whaling station in 1839 by the Weller brothers of Otago at Patiti Point, close to the present town centre.
One of the earliest settlers was Captain Henry Cain, who set up a store in 1857 on behalf of Henry Le Cren of Lyttelton, and Le Cren himself moved to Timaru in the following year.
Persistent land disputes arose between the Rhodes brothers and local government officials with the result that two townships were established in the port area, Government Town and Rhodestown.
Following the loss of a number of vessels off the coast, the breakwater design by Engineer John Goodall was adopted and work started on the redevelopment of the artificial port in 1877 , which eventually caused sand washed south down the Pacific shoreline to build up against the northern mole.
This was the beginning of the extensive land reclamation around the Caroline Bay district, an area which is still growing today.
Timaru continued to expand during the 20th century, with much of the development taking the form of wooden colonial style bungalows set in individual sections of land.
Timaru has a relatively dry temperate climate similar to that of neighbouring Ashburton and Christchurch, classified as oceanic climate (Cfb) by Köppen-Geiger climate classification system.
Temperatures are warm in summer and cold in winter, with Timaru's extreme maximum temperature being 41.3 °C on 6 February 2011 and extreme minimum temperature of −9.1 °C on 3 August 1998.
Timaru is one of the major cargo ports of the South Island, with a number of light manufacturing plants associated with the export and import trade.
Allan Hubbard the chartered accountant and philanthropist established the failed finance company South Canterbury Finance and accounting firm Hubbard Churcher in Timaru and lived locally until his death in a car accident on 2 September 2011.
There are regular coach and minibus services to Christchurch, Dunedin, Invercargill, Queenstown and the Mackenzie Country, leaving from outside the Visitor Information Centre, which provides booking facilities and other travel services.
The Main South Line section of the South Island Main Trunk Railway runs through Timaru and is a significant freight corridor.
Between 1949 and 1970, Timaru was serviced by the South Island Limited, one of the former New Zealand Railways Department's most prestigious trains.
The South Canterbury Museum is the main museum for the region, containing exhibits relating to physical geography and the environment, fossil remains, Māori rock art, the early settlement of the district, local maritime history, scrimshaw, the E P Seally natural history collection, and information about Richard Pearse, a local inventor and his attempts at manned flight in the first years of the 20th century.
It holds a collection of New Zealand, Pacific, Asian and European art works from the sixteenth century to the present day and includes a sculpture garden.
The parkland of the Bay Area contains a mini golf course, a roller skating rink, a maze and staging for musical events.
To the south of the city centre are the Timaru Botanic Gardens, first laid out in 1864, with a notable collection of roses and native tree ferns.
To the west is the Centennial Park Reserve, opened in 1940, that includes a tranquil 3.5 km walkway following the wooded valley of the Otipua Creek.
The Caroline Bay Carnival, featuring live performances, games, and side shows, takes place from Boxing Day through to mid-January at Caroline Bay Park.
There are also many networked FM radio stations, and a volunteer-run Hospital Radio 88.0/107.5 which celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2019.
In 1870 the Mechanics Institute was created by an addition on an existing building and aimed to provide a Library, Reading Room and News Room.
It was a Carnegie library, built with a 3,000 pound grant from Andrew Carnegie of New York – the condition under which the money was given was that the reading rooms should be open to everyone and that the lending Library should be free to ratepayers of the borough.
Timaru has a comprehensive range of community sporting facilities designed to international standards for rugby, tennis, yachting, Hardcourt Bike Polo, swimming, netball, motor racing, cricket, golf, hockey, croquet, pistol shooting, trap shooting and bowls.
Timaru is also home to the Timaru International Motor Raceway, which is one of only 4 permanent sealed motor racing circuits in the South island.
Forrester is an American market research company that provides advice on existing and potential impact of technology, to its clients and the public.
Forrester has five research centers in the US: Cambridge; New York, New York; San Francisco, California; Washington, D.C.; and Dallas, Texas.
It also has four European research centers in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London, and Paris and four research centers in the APAC region in New Delhi, Singapore, Beijing, and Sydney.
Forrester was founded in July 1983 by George Forrester Colony, now chairman of the board and chief executive officer, in Cambridge , Massachusetts.
The company acquired Fletcher Research, a British Internet research firm, in November 1999; FORIT GmbH, a German market research and consulting firm, in October 2000 and Giga Information Group, a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based information technology research and consulting company, in February 2003.
Forrester's head office has always been in Cambridge, Massachusetts: first, near Harvard Square, then, in Technology Square, and now in Cambridge Discovery Park (Acorn Park).
In September 2017, Forrester launched its first consumer product, an Apple and Android mobile app that allows consumers to rate companies using a simple system based upon a stoplight.
On January 31, 2006, the company announced that on January 26, 2006 its independent registered public accounting firm, BDO Seidman, LLP, informed the company that it had incorrectly accounted for performance-based stock options to purchase 940,500 shares of common stock granted on March 31, 2005.
In estimation theory and statistics, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB), Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB), Cramér–Rao inequality, Fréchet–Darmois–Cramér–Rao inequality, or information inequality expresses a lower bound on the variance of unbiased estimators of a deterministic (fixed, though unknown) parameter.
This term is named in honor of Harald Cramér, Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, Maurice Fréchet and Georges Darmois all of whom independently derived this limit to statistical precision in the 1940s.
In its simplest form, the bound states that the variance of any unbiased estimator is at least as high as the inverse of the Fisher information.
Such a solution achieves the lowest possible mean squared error among all unbiased methods, and is therefore the minimum variance unbiased (MVU) estimator.
This may occur either if for any unbiased estimator, there exists another with a strictly smaller variance, or if an MVU estimator exists, but its variance is strictly greater than the inverse of the Fisher information.
The Cramér–Rao bound is stated in this section for several increasingly general cases, beginning with the case in which the parameter is a scalar and its estimator is unbiased.
Suppose formula_1 is an unknown deterministic parameter which is to be estimated from formula_2 independent observations (measurements) of formula_3, each distributed according to some probability density function formula_4.
A more general form of the bound can be obtained by considering a biased estimator formula_17, whose expectation is not formula_1 but a function of this parameter, say, formula_19.
Apart from being a bound on estimators of functions of the parameter, this approach can be used to derive a bound on the variance of biased estimators with a given bias, as follows.
The first term is the fourth moment about the mean and has value formula_116; the second is the square of the variance, or formula_117.
Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes.
According to the census of the Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education, the total number of Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world is 1,358.
The Catholic religious order with the highest number of universities around the world today is the Society of Jesus with 114.
Like other private schools, Catholic universities and colleges are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of religious affiliation, nationality, ethnicity, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and rules and regulations are obeyed for a fruitful life on campus.
However, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may or may not participate in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.
Born in Blackpool, UK, and brought up in Manchester, Mahoney emigrated to the United States at the age of 19 and started his acting career on the stage in 1977, moving into film in 1980.
In addition to his film and television work, Mahoney also worked as a voice actor and was particularly passionate about his stage work on Broadway and in Chicago theatre.
The family had been evacuated to Blackpool from the Mahoneys' home city of Manchester, when it was heavily bombed during the Second World War.
His father, Reg, was a baker who played classical piano, and his mother, Margaret (née Watson), was a housewife who loved reading.
They would not speak to each other for long periods of time, when they did it often led to heated arguments.
Mahoney moved to the United States aged 18 in March 1959 when his older sister Vera, a war bride living in rural Illinois, agreed to sponsor him.
After graduating from Quincy, he lived in Macomb, Illinois and earned his Master's degree in English from Western Illinois University, where he then taught English in the early 1970s, before settling in Forest Park, Illinois, and later in Oak Park, Illinois.
Dissatisfied with his career, Mahoney took acting classes at St. Nicholas Theatre, which inspired him to resign from his day job and pursue acting full-time.
Mahoney rarely spoke publicly about his private life, but in a 2002 article he revealed he had been in several relationships, although he had never married, citing his parents' unhappy marriage as something he feared he would repeat.
The Spanish were largely gone by the early 18th century, though they remained in nearby Florida, and their presence ultimately left little impact on what would become Georgia.
On April 8, 1776, royal officials had been expelled and Georgia's Provincial Congress issued a constitutional document that served as an interim constitution until adoption of the state Constitution of 1777.
This stimulated the cotton boom in Georgia and much of the Deep South, promoting a cotton-based economy dependent on slave labor.
On January 19, 1861, Georgia seceded from the Union and on February 8 joined other Southern states to form the Confederate States of America.
The first major battle in the state was the Battle of Chickamauga, a Confederate victory, and the last major Confederate victory in the west.
The burning of Atlanta (which was a commercially vital railroad hub but not yet the state capital) was followed by Sherman's March to the Sea, which devastated a wide swath from Atlanta to Savannah in late 1864.
Reconstruction was a period of military occupation and biracial Radical Republican rule that established public education and welfare institutions, and instituted economic initiatives.
Black citizens lost most of their political power and became second class citizens in the Jim Crow era from the 1880s to 1964.
During the broad-based activism of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s, Georgia was the base for African-American leader Martin Luther King Jr.. After 1950 the economy grew, with cotton becoming far less important.
Democratic candidates continued to receive majority-white support in state and local elections until the 1990s, when the realignment of whites shifted to Republicans.
Human occupation of Georgia dates back at least 13,250 years, and coincides with one of the most dramatic periods of climate change in recent earth history, toward the end of the Ice Age, in the Late Pleistocene epoch.
A 2003 research project undertaken by University of Georgia researchers Ervan G, Garrison, Sherri L. Littman, and Megan Mitchell, looked at and reported on fossils and artifacts associated with Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, which is located more than beyond today's shoreline, and 60 to 70 feet (18 to 21 m) below the Atlantic Ocean.
The researchers uncovered artifacts from a period of occupation by Clovis culture and Paleoindian hunters dating back more than 10,000 years.
This culture developed urban societies distinguished by their construction of truncated earthworks pyramids, or platform mounds; as well as their hierarchical chiefdoms; intensive village-based maize horticulture, which enabled the development of more dense populations; and creation of ornate copper, shell and mica paraphernalia adorned with a series of motifs known as the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (SECC).
The largest sites surviving in present-day Georgia are Kolomoki in Early County, Etowah in Bartow County, Nacoochee Mound in White County, and Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon.
At the time of European colonization of the Americas, the historic Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee and Muskogean-speaking Yamasee & Hitchiti peoples lived throughout Georgia.
Closer to the Coastal regions were groups of small, Muskogean tribal groups with a loosely shared heritage that were divided mostly between the Guale associated groups to the east & the Timucua group to the south, a group of 35 tribes whose lands went all the way into central Florida & were backed up to the Hitchiti to the west.
They were related to the three large Muskogean nations between the Mississippi River & the Cherokee—the Choctaw, Chickasaw & Coushatta—as well as a few other small tribes along the Florida-Alabama Gulf Coast region.
The name for Appalachia came from their languages &, in particular, from a specific Timucuan group from northern Florida called the Apalachee.
It was during this colonial attempt, known as San Miguel de Gualdape, that the first Catholic Mass took place in the present-day United States.
A vast undertaking, de Soto's North American expedition ranged across parts of the modern states of Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas and included traversing much of the state of Georgia from south to north encountering many native groups along the way.
The French founded the colonial settlement of Charlesfort in 1562 on Parris Island, when Jean Ribault and his party of French Huguenots settled an area in the Port Royal Sound area of present-day South Carolina.
Most of the colonists followed René Goulaine de Laudonnière south and founded a new outpost called Fort Caroline in present-day Florida.
The people may have succumbed to new infectious diseases introduced by the Europeans and the remaining people coalesced into the documented historic period groups.
There they traded iron tools, guns, cloth, and rum for deerskins and Indian slaves captured by warring tribes in regular raids.
The conflict between Spain and England over control of Georgia began in earnest in about 1670, when the English colony of South Carolina was founded just north of the missionary provinces of Guale and Mocama, part of Spanish Florida.
The coast of future Georgia was occupied by British-allied Yamasee American Indians until they were decimated in the Yamasee War of 1715–1717, by South Carolina colonists and Indian allies.
The surviving Yamasee fled to Spanish Florida, leaving the coast of Georgia depopulated, making formation of a new British colony possible.
Oglethorpe and other English philanthropists secured a royal charter as the Trustees of the colony of Georgia on June 9, 1732.
The misconception of Georgia's having been founded as a debtor or penal colony persists due to the numerous English convicts who were later sentenced to transportation to Georgia.
Land ownership was limited to , a grant that included a town lot, a garden plot near town, and a farm.
Self-supporting colonists were able to obtain larger grants, but such grants were structured in increments tied to the number of indentured servants whom the grantee imported.
From 1735 to 1750, the trustees of Georgia, unique among Britain's American colonies, prohibited African slavery as a matter of public policy.
However, as the growing wealth of the slave-based plantation economy in neighboring South Carolina demonstrated, slaves were more profitable than other forms of labor available to colonists.
From 1750 to 1775, planters so rapidly imported slaves that the enslaved population grew from less than 500 to approximately 18,000, and they constituted a majority of the colony.
Some historians have surmised that the Africans had the knowledge and material techniques to build the elaborate earthworks of dams, banks, and irrigation systems throughout the Lowcountry that supported rice and indigo cultivation; Georgia planters imported slaves chiefly from rice-growing regions of present-day Sierra Leone, the Gambia and Angola.
Recent scholarship argues that the Europeans could have developed the rice culture on their own and that African knowledge played a minor role in the success of its cultivation as a commodity crop.
By the 1750s, British settlers lived as far south as Cumberland Island, which was in violation of the rules of their own government as well as that of Spain, who claimed the territory.
British settlers living south of the Altamaha River frequently engaged in trade with Spanish Florida which was also illegal according to both governments, but the ban on such trade was essentially unenforceable.
The pacing and development of large plantations made the Georgia coast society more like that of the West Indies than of Virginia.
The large plantations were worked by numerous African-born slaves, and many Africans, although of different languages and tribes, came from closely related geographic areas of West Africa.
The slaves of the 'Rice Coast' of South Carolina and Georgia developed the unique Gullah or Geechee culture (the latter term more common in Georgia), in which important parts of West African linguistic, religious and cultural heritage were preserved and creolized.
African-American influence, which absorbed elements of Native American and European-American culture, was strong on the cuisine and music that became integral parts of southern culture.
Georgia was largely untouched by war during much of Britain's involvement in the Seven Years War as the colony was located a long distance from Canada and the French-allied Indians.
In 1762 Georgia feared a potential Spanish invasion from Florida, although this did not occur by the time peace was signed at the 1763 Treaty of Paris.
No manufactures of the least consequence: a trifling quantity of coarse homespun cloth, wool [sic] and cotton mixed; amongst the poorer sort of people, for their own use, a few cotton and yarn stockings; shoes for our Negroes; and some occasional blacksmith's work.
But all our supplies of silk, linens, wool, shoes, stockings, nails, locks, hinges, and tools of every sort ... are all imported from and through Great Britain.
The first was Savannah, the seat of government during British colonial rule, followed by Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta, the capital city from 1868 to the present day.
The state legislature has gathered for official meetings in other places, most often in Macon and especially during the American Civil War.
But all of the 13 colonies developed the same strong position defending the traditional rights of Englishmen which they feared London was violating.
Georgia and the others moved rapidly toward republicanism which rejected monarchy, aristocracy and corruption, and demanded government based on the will of the people.
Angered by the news of the battle of Concord, on the eleventh of May 1775, the patriots stormed the royal magazine at Savannah and carried off its ammunition.
The customary celebration of the King's birthday on June 4 was turned into a wild demonstration against the King; a liberty pole was erected.
In June and July, assemblies at Savannah chose a Council of Safety and a Provincial Congress to take control of the government and cooperate with the other colonies.
The Constitution of 1777 put power in the hands of the elected House of Assembly, which chose the governor; there was no senate and the franchise was open to nearly all white men.
At the Siege of Savannah in 1779, American and French troops (the latter including a company of free men of color from Saint-Domingue, who were mixed race) fought unsuccessfully to retake the city.
In the abstraction [removal] of negro slaves, by the burning of dwellings, in the obliteration of plantations, by the destruction of agricultural implements, and by theft of domestic animals and personal effects, it is estimated that at least one half of the available property of the inhabitants had, during this period, been completely swept away.
Agriculture was at a stand-still, and there was no money with which to repair these losses and inaugurate a new era of prosperity.
Amid the general depression there was, nevertheless, a deal of gladness in the hearts of the people, a radiant joy, an inspiring hope.
The end of the war saw a new wave of migration to the state, particularly from the frontiers of Virginia and the Carolinas.
During the 77 years of the Antebellum period, the area of Georgia was soon reduced by half from the Mississippi River back to the current state line by 1802.
The ceded land was added into the Mississippi Territory by 1804, following the Louisiana Purchase, with the state of Alabama later created in 1819 to become the west Georgia state line.
The slave population increased to work the plantations, but the native Cherokee tribe was removed and resettled west in Oklahoma, in the final two decades before the Civil War, as explained further in the paragraphs below.
In 1787, the Treaty of Beaufort had established the eastern boundary of Georgia, from the Atlantic seashore up the Savannah River, at South Carolina, to modern day Tugalo Lake (construction to the Tugalo dam was started in 1917 and completed in 1923).
Twelve to fourteen miles () of land (inhabited at the time by the Cherokee Nation) separate the lake from the southern boundary of North Carolina.
Georgia maintained a claim on western land from 31° N to 35° N, the southern part of which overlapped with the Mississippi Territory created from part of Spanish Florida in 1798.
The Treaty of 1816 fixed the present-day northern boundary between Georgia and South Carolina at the Chattooga River, proceeding northwest from the lake.
The Mississippi Territory was split on December 10, 1817, to form the U.S. state of Mississippi and the Alabama Territory for 2 years; then in December 1819, the new state of Alabama became the western boundary of Georgia.
In 1829, gold was discovered in the north Georgia mountains, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush, the second gold rush in U.S. history.
During the early 1800s, Cherokee Indians owned their ancestral land, operated their own government with a written constitution, and did not recognize the authority of the state of Georgia.
The dispute culminated in the Indian Removal Act of 1830, under which all eastern tribes were sent west to Indian reservations in present-day Oklahoma.
In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court in 1832 ruled that states were not permitted to redraw the boundaries of Indian lands, but President Andrew Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling.
In 1838, his successor, President Martin van Buren dispatched federal troops to round up the Cherokee and deport them west of the Mississippi.
This forced relocation, beginning in White County, became known as the Trail of Tears and led to the death of over 4,000 Cherokees.
In 1794, Eli Whitney, a Massachusetts-born artisan residing in Savannah, Georgia, had patented a cotton gin, mechanizing the separation of cotton fibres from their seeds.
The Industrial Revolution had resulted in the mechanized spinning and weaving of cloth in the world's first factories in the north of England.
Fueled by the soaring demands of British textile manufacturers, King Cotton quickly came to dominate Georgia and the other southern states.
Although Congress had banned the slave trade in 1808, Georgia's slave population continued to grow with the importation of slaves from the plantations of the South Carolina Lowcountry and Chesapeake Tidewater, increasing from 149,656 in 1820 to 280,944 in 1840.
Slaves worked the fields in large cotton plantations, and the economy of the state became dependent on the institution of slavery.
Requiring little cultivation, most efficiently grown on large plantations by large (slave) workforces, and easy to transport, cotton proved ideally suited to the inland frontier.
The lower Piedmont or 'Black Belt' counties – comprising the middle third of the state and initially named for the region's distinctively dark and fertile soil – became the site of the largest and most productive cotton plantations.
By 1860, the slave population in the Black Belt was three times greater than that of the coastal counties, where rice remained the principal crop.
While there were also many smaller cotton plantations, the proportion of slaves was lower in north Georgia than in the coastal and Black Belt counties, but it still ranged up to 25% of the population.
In 1860 in the state as a whole, enslaved African Americans comprised 44% of the population of slightly more than one million.
Post-secondary education was formalized, in 1785, with the establishment of the University of Georgia, the first university in the U.S. to gain a state charter.
Public education was established by the Reconstruction era legislatures in the South, but after Democrats regained power, they hardly funded them.
They included Georgia Female College, Rome Female College, Greensboro Female College, Griffin Synodical Female College, Thomasville/Young's Female College, and the most enduring of all, Decatur Female Seminary, now Agnes Scott College.
White solidarity was strong in 1861-63, as the planters in the Black Belt formed a common cause with upcountry yeomen farmers in defense of the Confederacy against the Yankees.
However disillusionment set in by 1863, with class tensions becoming more serious, with food riots, desertions, and growing Unionist activity in the northern mountain region.
Approximately 5,000 Georgians served in the union army in units including the 1st Georgia Infantry Battalion, the 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, and a number of East Tennessean regiments.
Governor Joseph E. Brown tried to divert attention by blaming the Confederate officials in Richmond, especially President Jefferson Davis, and insisting that many Georgia troops be kept at home.
Following President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1863, slaves began to leave plantations to join Union lines and gain freedom.
Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston fought a series of delaying battles, the largest being the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, as he tried to delay as long as possible retreating toward Atlanta.
Johnston's replacement, Gen. John Bell Hood attempted several unsuccessful counterattacks at the Battle of Peachtree Creek and the Battle of Atlanta, but Sherman captured the city on September 2, 1864.
In November Sherman stripped his army of non-essentials and began his famous Sherman's March to the Sea, living off the land and burning plantations, wrecking railroads, and killing the livestock.
After the loss of Atlanta, the governor withdrew the state's militia from the Confederate forces to harvest crops for the state and the army.
In July 1864, during the Atlanta campaign, General Sherman ordered approximately 400 Roswell mill workers, mostly women, arrested as traitors and shipped as prisoners to the North with their children.
Poor white women took matters in their own hands in more than two dozen riots when they raided stores and captured supply wagons to get such necessities as bacon, corn, flour, and cotton yarn.
As the South lost control of more and more of its major ocean and river ports, it had to rely on a rickety railroad system and unimproved roads to move soldiers and supplies.
Thinking the state was safe from invasion, the Confederates built small munitions factories throughout the state as well as soldier hospitals and prison camps.
In 1864, the government relocated Union prisoners of war from Richmond, Virginia, to the town of Andersonville, in remote southwest Georgia.
During its 15 months of operation, the Andersonville prison camp held 45,000 Union soldiers; at least 13,000 died from disease, malnutrition, starvation, or exposure.
After the war, the camp's commanding officer, Captain Henry Wirz, was the only Confederate to be tried and executed as a war criminal.
Wartime damage, disruption to plantations, and miserable weather had a disastrous effect on agricultural production before the end of the war.
Production of the state's chief money crop, cotton, fell from a high of more than 700,000 bales in 1860 to less than 50,000 in 1865, while harvests of corn and wheat were also meager.
15 authorizing federal authorities to confiscate abandoned plantations in the Sea Islands and redistribute land in smaller plots to former slaves.
Later that year, after succeeding Lincoln in the presidency after he was assassinated, Andrew Johnson revoked the order and returned the plantations to their former owners.
The region's planters struggled with the transition to paid labor and tried to control the movement of blacks through Black Codes.
Andrew Johnson's decision to restore the former Confederate states to the Union, without requirements for political change, was criticized by Radical Republicans in Congress.
In July 1868, the newly elected General Assembly ratified the Fourteenth Amendment; a Republican governor, Rufus Bullock, was inaugurated, and Georgia was readmitted to the Union.
Refusing to give up social domination, some ex-Confederates organized insurgent paramilitary groups, especially chapters of the newly formed Ku Klux Klan.
Freedmen's Bureau agents reported 336 cases of murder or assault with intent to kill perpetrated against freedmen across the state from January 1 through November 15 of 1868.
It generated revenue for the state by leasing out the prison population, many of whom were black, to work for private businesses and citizens.
One prominent beneficiary of this system was the Republican jurist and politician Joseph E. Brown, whose railroads, coal mines and iron works supplemented their workforce with convict labor.
The activity of political groups opposed to Reconstruction prompted Republicans and others to call for the return of Georgia to military rule.
In January 1870, Gen. Alfred H. Terry, the final commanding general of the Third District, purged the General Assembly of ex-Confederates.
After military rule ended, Democrats won commanding majorities in both houses of the General Assembly, aided by election violence and fraud.
Some Reconstruction-era black legislators held on to their seats through the legislature's passage of laws disfranchising blacks, starting with a poll tax in 1877; the last black legislator served until 1907.
Post-Reconstruction Georgia was dominated by the 'Bourbon Triumvirate' of Joseph E. Brown, Major General John B. Gordon and Gen. Alfred H. Colquitt.
Between 1872 and 1890, either Brown or Gordon held one of Georgia's Senate seats, Colquitt held the other, and, in the major part of that period, either Colquitt or Gordon occupied the Governor's office.
Colquitt represented the old planter class; Brown, head of Western & Atlantic Railroad and one of the states first millionaires, represented the New South businessmen.
He helped negotiate the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction and led to the end of federal enforcement of laws protecting blacks.
A native of northwest Georgia, his popularity impeded the growth of the 'mountain Republicanism,' which was prevalent elsewhere in Appalachian areas where slavery had been minor and resentment against the planter class widespread.
In 1885, when Atlanta and Fulton County enacted prohibition legislation against alcohol, a local pharmacist, John Pemberton invented a new soda drink.
Two years later, after he sold the drink to Asa Candler who promoted it, Coca-Cola became the state's most famous product.
The International Cotton Exposition of 1881 and the Cotton States and International Exposition of 1895 were staged to promote Georgia and the South as textile centers.
They attracted mills from New England to build a new economic base in the post-war South by diversifying the region's agrarian economies.
Attracted by low labor costs and the proximity to raw materials, new textile businesses transformed Columbus and Atlanta, as well as Graniteville, on the Georgia-South Carolina border, into textile manufacturing centers.
Due to Georgia's relatively untapped virgin forests, particularly in the thinly populated pine savanna of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, logging became a major industry.
It supported other new industries, most notably paper mills and turpentine distilling, which, by 1900, made Georgia the leading producer of naval stores.
In the volatile 1880s and 1890s, political violence suppressed black voting as white Democrats imposed laws for Jim Crow and white supremacy.
This period also corresponded to Georgia's disfranchisement of blacks and many poor whites through changes to its constitution and addition of such requirements as poll taxes (1877), literacy and comprehension tests, and residency requirements.
The Cotton States and International Exposition was the venue for Booker T. Washington's speech promoting what became known as the Atlanta Compromise.
He urged blacks to focus their efforts, not on demands for social equality, but to improve their own conditions by becoming proficient in skills for available jobs agriculture, mechanics, and domestic service.
Born in Massachusetts, Du Bois had earned his doctorate in Germany and was one of the most highly educated black men in America; in 1897 he joined the faculty of Atlanta University and taught there for several years.
While Grady and other proponents of the New South insisted on Georgia's urban future, the state's economy remained overwhelmingly dependent on cotton.
Much of the industrialization that did occur was as a subsidiary of cotton agriculture; many of the state's new textile factories were devoted to the manufacture of simple cotton bags.
The price per pound of cotton plummeted from $1 at the end of the Civil War to an average of 20 cents in the 1870s, nine cents in the 1880s, and seven cents in the 1890s.
Through the lien system, small-county merchants assumed a central role in cotton production, monopolizing the supply of equipment, fertilizers, seeds and foodstuffs needed to make sharecropping possible.
By the 1890s, as cotton prices plummeted below production costs, 80–90% of cotton growers, whether owner or tenant, were in debt to lien merchants.
Southern Populists denounced the convict lease system, while urging white and black small farmers to unite on the basis of shared economic self-interest.
You are made to hate each other because upon that hatred is rested the keystone of the arch of financial despotism which enslaves you both.
Southern Populists did not share their Western counterparts' emphasis on Free Silver and bitterly opposed their desire for fusion with the Democratic Party.
They had faced death threats, mob violence and ballot-box stuffing to challenge the monopoly of their states' Bourbon Democrat political machines.
The Populists nominated Watson as William Jennings Bryan's vice-president, but Bryan selected New England industrialist Arthur Sewall as a concession to Democratic leaders.
Watson continued to exert influence in Georgia politics, and provided a key endorsement in the gubernatorial campaign of M. Hoke Smith.
Hoke Smith's tenure as governor was noted for the passage of Jim Crow laws and the 1908 constitutional amendment that required a person to satisfy qualifications for literacy tests and property ownership for voting.
Because a grandfather clause was used to waive those requirements for most whites, the legislation effectively secured the disfranchisement of African Americans.
Georgia's amendment was made following 1898 and 1903 Supreme Court decisions that had upheld similar provisions in the constitutions of Mississippi and Alabama.
The new provisions were devastating for the African-American community and poor whites, as losing the ability to register to vote meant they were excluded from serving on juries or in local office, as well as losing all representation at local, state and Federal levels.
White-dominated state legislatures and the state Democratic parties quickly responded by creating new barriers to an expanded franchise, such as white-only primaries.
The last black member of the General Assembly, W. H. Rogers, resigned in 1907 as the final representative of the Reconstruction-era coastal Georgia political machine.
The rapidly growing middle class of professionals, businessmen and educated worked to bring the Progressive Era to Georgia in the early 20th century.
NAACP and other activists rapidly registered African Americans in cities such as Atlanta, but in rural areas they remained outside politics.
Starting around 1910, and increasing as jobs began to open up during World War I, tens of thousands of African Americans in the Great Migration moved to northern industrial cities out of the rural South for work, better education for their children, the right to vote and for escape from the violence of lynchings.
From 1910 to 1940 and in a second wave from the 1940s to 1970, a total of more than 6.5 million African Americans left the South for northern and western industrial cities.
Before World War I, it was widely believed that the solution to drunkenness was the religious revival, which would turn the sinner into a teetolaling Christian.
The Drys were led by ministers and middle class women of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, who succeeded in securing a local option law that dried up most of the rural counties.
By 1907 the much more effective Anti-Saloon League took over from the preachers and women and cut deals with the politicians, such as Hoke Smith.
It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health.
In 1887, Asa Griggs Candler bought the cola company from Pemberton, and with aggressive regional, national and international marketing turned it into one of the largest and most profitable corporations in the New South.
An outspoken feminist, she became a leader of the prohibition and woman's suffrage movements, endorsed lynching, fought for reform of prisons, and filled leadership roles in many reform organizations.
The state legislature ignored efforts to let women vote in local elections, and not only refused to ratify the Federal 19th Amendment, but took pride in being the first state to reject it.
However, black women were largely excluded from voting by the state's discriminatory devices until after the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 enforced their constitutional rights.
After Frank's death sentence was commuted to life in prison by the outgoing Governor, an outraged lynch mob seized Frank from his jail cell and hanged him.
On November 25, 1915, a group led by William J. Simmons burned a cross on top of Stone Mountain, inaugurating a revival of the 2nd Klan.
By the end of the decade, the organization suffered from a number of scandals, internal feuds, and voices raised in opposition.
Lower commodity prices in the 1920s had a negative impact on the rural economy, which, in turn, effected the entire state.
Cotton prices decreased from a high of $1.00 a pound during World War I, to $.20 in the late 1920s, to lows of 6 cents in 1931 and 1932.
Georgia benefited from several New Deal programs, which raised cotton prices to $.11 or $.12 a pound, promoted rural electrification, and set up rural and urban work relief programs.
Enacted during Roosevelt's first 100 days in office, the Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers to plant less cotton, to reduce oversupply.
He established his 'Little White House' in Warm Springs, where the therapeutic waters offered treatment and relief for the President's paralytic illness.
However, the most powerful member of the Georgia delegation, Congressman Eugene Cox, often opposed legislation which favored labor and urban interests, particularly the National Industrial Recovery Act.
He was a former Agriculture Commissioner who promoted himself as a 'real dirt farmer', winning the support of his rural constituencies.
Appealing to his white conservative base, Talmadge denounced New Deal programs that paid black workers wages equal to whites, and attacked what he described as the communist tendencies of the New Deal.
The Roosevelt administration was often able to circumvent Talmadge's opposition by working with pro-New Deal politicians, most notably Atlanta Mayor William B. Hartsfield.
In the 1936 election, Talmadge unsuccessfully attempted to run for the Senate, but lost to pro-New Deal incumbent Richard Russell, Jr..
Between 1933 and the early 1940s the administration of Franklin D Roosevelt spent slightly over $250 million on projects in Georgia for projects such as malaria control, rural sanitation, hot lunches for school children, nursing services and art projects.
Re-elected Governor in 1940, Talmadge suffered a political setback when he fired a dean at the University of Georgia, on the grounds that the dean had advocated integration.
When this action was opposed by the Georgia Board of Regents, Governor Talmadge reconfigured the board, appointing members more favorable to his views.
This, in turn, led the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to withdraw accreditation from ten of the state's colleges and universities.
Marietta's Bell Aircraft plant, the principal assembly site for the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, employed nearly 28,000 people at its peak, Robins Air Field near Macon employed nearly 13,000 civilians; Fort Benning became the world's largest infantry training school; and newly opened Fort Gordon became a major deployment center.
Shipyards in Savannah and Brunswick built many of the Liberty Ships used to transport materiel to the European and Pacific Theaters.
In 1946, Georgia became the first state to allow 18-year-olds to vote, and remained the only one to do so before passage of the 26th Amendment in 1971.
That same year, the Communicable Disease Center, later called the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was founded in Atlanta from staff of the former Malaria Control in War Areas offices.
This precipitated another wave of urban migration, as former sharecroppers and tenant farmers moved chiefly to the urban Midwest, West and Northeast, as well as to Georgia's own burgeoning urban centers.
Afterwards Mayor Hartsfield lobbied successfully to make the city Delta Air Lines' hub for commercial air travel, based on Atlanta's strategic location in relation to the nation's major population centers.
African Americans who served in the segregated military during World War II returned to a still segregated nation and a South which still enforced Jim Crow laws.
Many were motivated to participate in the NAACP and other groups to enforce their constitutional rights, especially the right to vote, and the right of their children to an equal education.
Atlanta, home to a number of traditional black colleges, sustained a large, educated, middle-class black community which produced leaders of the Civil Rights Movement.
In the postwar period, the new movement for change was carried forward by several groups, with somewhat different agendas, but united in the goal of civil rights for African Americans.
In 1958 the state passed legislation to restrict voter registration by requiring illiterate candidates to answer 20 of 30 questions of comprehension posed by white registrars.
The son of a Baptist minister, King earned a doctorate from Boston University and was part of the educated middle class that had developed in Atlanta's African-American community.
The success of the Montgomery boycott led to King's joining with others to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in Atlanta in 1957, to provide political leadership for the Civil Rights Movement across the South.
Nonetheless the Albany campaign provided important lessons, which were put to use in the more successful Birmingham campaign of 1963–64 in Alabama.
By the 1960s, the proportion of African Americans in Georgia had declined to 28% of the state's population, after waves of migration to the North and some in-migration by whites.
Julian Bond, a noted civil rights leader, was elected to the state House in 1965, and served multiple terms there and in the state senate.
Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. testified before Congress in support of the Civil Rights Act, and Governor Carl Sanders worked with the Kennedy administration to ensure the state's compliance.
With the advantages of cheap real estate, low taxes, Right-to-work laws and a regulatory environment limiting government interference, the Atlanta metropolitan area became a national center of finance, insurance, and real estate companies, as well as the convention and trade show business.
As a testament to the city's growing international profile, in 1990 the International Olympic Committee selected Atlanta as the site of the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Following national Democratic support for civil rights legislation, Georgia, along with the rest of the formerly Democratic Solid South, gradually shifted to support Republicans, first in presidential elections.
Realignment was hastened by the turbulent one-term Presidency of native-son Jimmy Carter, the popularity of Ronald Reagan, organizational efforts of the Republican Party, and the perception of a growing liberalism within the national Democratic Party.
As the era of old south Democratic control, symbolized by iconic personalities Herman Talmadge and Georgia Speaker of the House Tom Murphy drew to an end, new Republican leaders took their place.
Barr later switched his party affiliation to Libertarian and announced his intention to run for the U.S. presidency on May 12, 2008.
After being appointed to the Senate, following the death of Paul Coverdell in 2000, Miller emerged as a prominent ally of George W. Bush on the war in Iraq, Social Security privatization, tax cuts, and other conservative-backed issues.
He delivered a controversial keynote speech at the 2004 Republican convention where he endorsed Bush for reelection and denounced the liberalism of his Democratic Party colleagues.
CNN reported that in 2008 presidential election exit polls, 39% of the voters identified as conservatives; 48% moderates and 13% liberals.
In the 2018 elections, the Governor remained a Republican (by just 17,488 votes against a black female, Stacey Abrams), Republicans lost eight seats in the Georgia House of Representatives (winning 106), while Democrats gained ten (winning 74), Republicans lost two seats in the Georgia Senate (winning 35 seats), while Democrats gained two seats (winning 21), and five Democrat U.S.
Representatives were elected with Republicans winning nine seats (one winning with just 419 votes over the Democratic challenger, and one seat being lost).
The exterior was designed by Henrik Fisker and the interior by Scott Lempert up until 1995, when the latter left BMW and styling was approved.
A concept was later developed to preview the Z8, called the Z07 and was showcased in October 1997 at the Tokyo Motor Show.
The Z8 hardtop differed from the Z07 in being a double-bubble form with a tapering faring versus a single dome with a truncated convex rear.
The Z07's exotic driver's side helmet fairing was never intended for production, in order to allow easy operation of the power soft top.
The Z8 cost US$128,000, had an all-aluminum chassis and body, and used a V8 engine which has a power output of at 6,600 rpm and of torque at 3,800 rpm.
This engine, known internally as the S62, was built by BMW Motorsport and was shared with the E39 M5 sports saloon.
As with most BMW automobiles the top speed of the Z8 was electronically limited to with the delimited top speed amounting to an estimated .
The Z8 used neon exterior lighting, the tail lights and turn indicators are powered by neon tubes that offer quicker activation than standard lightbulbs and are expected to last for the life of the vehicle.
Unlike many contemporary hardtops, which are provided for practical rather than stylistic considerations, the hardtop of the Z8 was designed from the outset to complement the lines of the car's styling.
The displacement of gauges to the middle of the dashboard was intended to offer an unimpeded view of the hood and the road ahead.
Due to the limited volume of production, all elements of the car were constructed or finished by hand, thereby compounding the importance of ongoing manufacturer support for the type.
A significant number of cars with bespoke paint and interior treatments were produced over the course of the four-year production run by BMW Individual, a division of BMW AG.
The Alpina was a departure from the hard-edged sporting focus of the original car, and elements of grand touring intent were evident throughout this final iteration.
Instead of the original 6-speed manual and 4.9 L (S62) engine featured in original Z8, the Alpina came only with an automatic transmission, utilising a 5-speed BMW Steptronic transmission mated to a 4.8 L Alpina-tuned BMW M62 V8 engine from the Alpina E39 B10 V8 S. In order to complete the car's transition from a sports car to a refined grand tourer, a softer suspension setting was used.
The standard Z8's run-flat tyres on wheels were discarded in favor of conventional tyres with softer sidewalls mounted on Alpina wheels.
A new softer grade of Nappa leather replaced the Z8's less supple specification, and special Alpina gauges were fitted on the dash board cluster.
An Alpina steering wheel with three solid spokes replaced the original, which could not be retrofitted with shift paddles for the automatic transmission.
Performance and power output of the Alpina roadster V8 differed from that of the standard car in that the peak power was reduced to , while peak torque was raised to ; this torque was available at significantly lower rpm than the original in order to enable more relaxed cruising.
Production of the Roadster V8 amounted to 555 units, 450 of which were exported to the U.S. market and only eight to the UK.
In the United States, this special edition of the Z8 was sold directly through BMW dealerships, marking a first for Alpina, whose cars had never been sold through retail channels in the U.S.
Based on the Z8, it shares the 4.9 L V8 engine from the donor car generating mated to a 6-speed manual transmission and has carbon fibre gull-wing doors.
It also has a variety of innovative technological features including a sunroof that filters UV light, multilingual voice control and a night vision system.
Jugra was the royal capital of Selangor when the then ruling monarch, Sultan Abdul Samad built Istana Jugra (Jugra Palace) and moved there in 1875.
It was situated in a strategic location, not exactly at the river mouth but easily accessible from the Straits of Malacca, and protected by a hill, Bukit Jugra; which stands clearly out above the low-lying mangrove swamps.
It was during this time that Jugra also briefly became the centre of British administration in Selangor, although this was soon moved to Klang, and a decade later to Kuala Lumpur.
The Sultan continued to live at Jugra until he died in 1898, and the new Sultan, Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah also known as Sultan Sulaiman was proclaimed there.
Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman subsequently moved his official residence to the Istana Alam Shah in Klang further north in 1905, where he lived in for the next 35 years.
Among places of interest in this quaint town are royal palaces such as Istana Bandar, Makam Sultan Abdul Samad, a royal mausoleum, and mosques such as Masjid Alaeddin.
The Michigan Militia, Michigan Militia Corps (MMC), or the Michigan Militia Corps, Wolverines (MMCW) is a paramilitary organization founded by Norman Olson, a former U.S. Air Force non-commissioned officer, of Alanson, Michigan, United States.
The organization was formed around 1994 in response to perceived encroachments by the federal government on the rights of citizens, with roots in racism.
On June 15, 1995, Norman Olson, along with militia leaders from other states, testified before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism.
Not only does the Constitution specifically allow the formation of a Federal Army, it also recognizes the inherent right of the people to form militia.
Norman Olson retained the position of Commander of the MMC until after the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, when he published a press release blaming the Japanese for the bombing, supposedly in retaliation for a clandestine US-sponsored gas attack in the Tokyo subway system.
This press release was an embarrassment to the MMC membership and subsequently Lynn Van Huizen of Nunica, Michigan was elected state commander in 1996.
In the years after the Oklahoma City bombing, the Michigan Militia Corps membership slowly declined and there was infighting among the leadership.
In 2009, with the leadership of Clint Dare and Ron Gaydosh, the Michigan Militia Corps was re-organized and elected a new state commander.
Okri is considered one of the foremost African authors in the post-modern and post-colonial traditions, and has been compared favourably to authors such as Salman Rushdie and Gabriel García Márquez.
His father, Silver, moved his family to London when Okri was less than two years old so that Silver could study law.
In 1968 Silver moved his family back to Nigeria where he practised law in Lagos, providing free or discounted services for those who could not afford it.
His exposure to the Nigerian civil war and a culture in which his peers at the time claimed to have seen visions of spirits, later provided inspiration for Okri's fiction.
At the age of 14, after being rejected for admission to a short university program in physics because of his youth and lack of qualifications, Okri experienced a revelation that poetry was his chosen calling.
Okri claimed that his criticism of the government in some of this early work led to his name being placed on a death list, and necessitated his departure from the country.
In 1978, Okri moved back to England and went to study comparative literature at Essex University with a grant from the Nigerian government.
Although it has been widely categorised as post-modern, some scholars have noted that the seeming realism with which he depicts the spirit-world challenges this categorisation.
Alternative characterisations of Okri's work suggest an allegiance to Yoruba folklore, New Ageism, spiritual realism, magical realism, visionary materialism, and existentialism.
Okri's short fiction has been described as more realistic and less fantastic than his novels, but these stories also depict Africans in communion with spirits, while his poetry and nonfiction have a more overt political tone, focusing on the potential of Africa and the world to overcome the problems of modernity.
Okri was made an honorary vice-president of the English Centre for the International PEN and a member of the board of the Royal National Theatre.
On 26 April 2012 Okri was appointed the new vice-president of the Caine Prize for African Writing, having been on the advisory committee and associated with the prize since it was established 13 years prior.
BBC Worldwide Ltd. was the wholly owned commercial subsidiary of the BBC, formed out of a restructuring of its predecessor BBC Enterprises in January 1995.
The company monetises BBC brands, selling BBC and other British programming for broadcast abroad with the aim of supplementing the income received by the BBC through the licence fee.
The company merged with BBC Studios on 1 April 2018, to form a new licensing, production, and distribution company under the BBC Studios name.
In addition to broadcasting, the BBC has for much of its life also produced additional materials for sale, the profits of which would be returned to the corporation to aid in the financing of these services.
BBC Publications, which produced magazines, books and other supplementary materials, had expanded rapidly in the late 1960s but still had difficulties with finances.
This was rectified however as the economic situation eased and by 1982, BBC Publications had a trading profit of £4.7 million.
This gradually expanded until the establishment of the Television Promotions (later renamed Television Enterprises) department in 1960 under a general manager.
In its first year, the department saw the sale of 550 programmes overseas with a turnover of £234,000, with a further 1,200 programmes sold the following year.
However, following the retirement of the Radio Enterprises general manager in 1969, the two departments were merged to form the BBC Enterprises department.
By 1982, the division were expanding with divisions responsible for home video (under the brand BBC Video), recorded audio (under the brands BBC Records and BBC Cassettes), film and merchanding.
BBC World Service Television became the first commercially funded BBC broadcasting operation after the Foreign Office refused to pay for it.
BBC Enterprises Ltd was subsequently reorganised on 1 January 1995 as BBC Worldwide Ltd. A review of the BBC's commercial activities took place in 2004 and concluded that the sell off of BBC Worldwide's assets would not be as advantageous as keeping the business and driving it harder.
In 2007, BBC Worldwide purchased a 75% stake in the travel guide publisher Lonely Planet, acquiring the final 25% of the company in 2011.
The acquisition was part of the BBC's strategy to grow its online portfolio and to increase its operations in Australia and the USA.
In January 2009, it was announced that Ofcom had put forward the recommendation that Channel 4 merge with either the commercial network Five or BBC Worldwide.
In the same year, the company was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in recognition of the companies growth and success.
In 2012, the company began to reorganise their divisions from a product based system to a location-based system, resulting in Jana Bennett leaving the company.
In 2013, BBC Worldwide sold Lonely Planet to Kentucky billionaire Brad Kelley's NC2 Media for US$75 million (£51.5 million)— significantly less than the £130.2 million the BBC had paid for the company, at an £80 million loss.
In 2017, under revisions to the BBC Charter and subsequent BBC Trust approval, the broadcaster formed a second commercial subsidiary known as BBC Studios, to hold most of the broadcaster's in-house production units (including Factual, Entertainment, Scripted, and Music & Events).
In return for the restructuring, which also allows the BBC to produce programmes for competing broadcasters to fund its public services, the BBC agreed to allow BBC Studios and third-parties to bid on tenders to produce its in-house non-news programmes over the next 11 years.
On 29 November 2017, the BBC announced that BBC Worldwide would be merged into BBC Studios in April 2018, which gave the broadcaster an integrated division involved in both the production and sale of programming.
BBC Worldwide's profit rate was 11.2% in 2011/2012, up slightly from 9.6% the previous year, down from a peak of 21.5% in 2002/2003, contrasting with 7.8% in 2003/2004.
In 2013, BBC Worldwide reorganised the company along geographical, rather than divisional, lines to better serve its audiences around the world and to position itself to take advantage of opportunities in high growth markets.
The seven geographic markets are grouped into three regions: North America; UK, Australia and New Zealand; and Global Markets (Asia, CEMA, Latin America and Western Europe).
The two global business areas - Content and Brands - set the strategic framework and parameters for activities within the regions and keep a close connection into BBC Worldwide's parent, the BBC.
BBC Worldwide was responsible for a wide range of commercial activities, primarily connected in some way with the output and public purposes of the main BBC.
In the past, the business was divided into five operating businesses which covered the entire operations of the company: Channels; Content and Production; Brands, Consumers and New Ventures, Consumer Products and Sales and Distributions.
The Content and Production division was formed in 2006 and invests the company's money into new productions by both the BBC and other independent productions.
The other two divisions of the company deal with the individual programme brands: Global Brands focuses on the international recognition of the brands while the Consumer Products division produces a variety of goods based around these brands.
The work of the former includes expanding the brands into new areas – the Top Gear Live tour is a key example of this.
The latter creates and sells a variety of consumer products, occasionally as a stake or partnership in another company, including VHS and DVD releases, spoken word and music audio products, CD-ROMs, videogames, books and magazines.
Some commercial rivals protest at the advantage the company has from being associated with and being able to exploit the programme catalogue and resources of the BBC to provide its goods and services.
However, not all vertex-transitive graphs are symmetric (for example, the edges of the truncated tetrahedron), and not all regular graphs are vertex-transitive (for example, the Frucht graph and Tietze's graph).
Finite vertex-transitive graphs include the symmetric graphs (such as the Petersen graph, the Heawood graph and the vertices and edges of the Platonic solids).
The finite Cayley graphs (such as cube-connected cycles) are also vertex-transitive, as are the vertices and edges of the Archimedean solids (though only two of these are symmetric).
The most famous example is the Petersen graph, but others can be constructed including the line graphs of edge-transitive non-bipartite graphs with odd vertex degrees.
Two countable vertex-transitive graphs are called quasi-isometric if the ratio of their distance functions is bounded from below and from above.
It is often spelled gorsedh in Cornwall and goursez in Brittany, reflecting the spellings in the Cornish and Breton languages, respectively.
However, other gorseddau exist, such as the Cornish Gorsedh Kernow, the Breton Goursez Vreizh and Gorsedd y Wladfa, in the Welsh Settlement in Patagonia.
Gorsedd Cymru was originally founded as Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain in 1792 by Edward Williams, commonly known as Iolo Morganwg, who also invented much of its ritual, supposedly based on the activities of the ancient Celtic Druidry.
The Gorsedd made its first appearance at an Eisteddfod at the Ivy Bush Inn in Carmarthen in 1819, and its close association with the Festival has remained.
It is an association of poets, writers, musicians, artists and individuals who have made a significant and distinguished contribution to Welsh language, literature, and culture.
The symbol commonly used to represent a Gorsedd is a triple line, the middle line upright and the outer two slanted towards the top of the centre, thus: /|\.
Elephant Butte Reservoir is a reservoir on the Rio Grande in the U.S. state of New Mexico, north of Truth or Consequences.
This reservoir is the 84th largest man-made lake in the United States, and the largest in New Mexico by total surface area and peak volume.
It is impounded by Elephant Butte Dam and is part of the largest state park in New Mexico, Elephant Butte Lake State Park.
The reservoir is part of the Rio Grande Project, a project to provide power and irrigation to south-central New Mexico and west Texas.
Fishing is a popular recreational activity on the reservoir, which contains striped bass, white bass, largemouth bass, crappie, walleye and catfish.
In 2014 a bachelor party stumbled across a stegomastodon skull in excellent condition just below the surface of the sand at Elephant Butte Reservoir.
Elephant Butte Dam, constructed between 1911 and 1916, with the reservoir fill started in 1915, was a major engineering feat in its day.
It stood as the largest irrigation dam ever built at the time of its construction, only being surpassed in 1970 by the Aswan Dam in Egypt.
A large construction community sprang up, which included worker camps, railways, water tanks, cableway systems, and the former administration building of the Bureau of Reclamation.
The former administration building of the Bureau of Reclamation still stands as a bed and breakfast facility, and, along with other structures of the time, are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
When the lake falls over 10 meters (30 feet) below maximum capacity, the ruins of an old machine shop rise out of the water.
Located near the south-east shore, this 3000 square-foot concrete structure was once believed to be the remnants of the old field hospital that served the frequently injured dam construction crew.
Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (), also known as K3G, is an Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Karan Johar and produced by Yash Johar.
The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Hrithik Roshan and Kareena Kapoor, with Rani Mukerji appearing in an extended special appearance.
The film tells the story of an Indian family, which faces troubles and misunderstandings over their adopted son's marriage to a girl belonging to a lower socio-economic group than them.
Initially scheduled to release during the Diwali festivities of 2001, the film eventually released in India, United Kingdom and North America on 14 December 2001.
Yash announces his desire for Rahul to marry Naina, a high-society woman and Rahul's childhood friend, as Yash believes that parents have the right to choose their child's spouse.
However, when he comes to know of Anjali, he is enraged due to her status, and Rahul promises not to marry her, as he does not want to hurt his father.
Ten years later, an adult Rohan returns home from boarding school and finally learns from his grandmothers why Rahul left as well as the fact that he is actually adopted.
He learns that Rahul, Anjali, and Pooja have moved to London, and travels there, lying to his parents that it is to pursue further studies.
In London, Rahul and Anjali live happily with a young son, Krish, and Pooja, now an ultra-modern diva studying at King's College London.
Rohan and Pooja, who were childhood friends in the past after their elder siblings fell in love, reunite and she supports him in his quest to bring his brother and sister-in-law back home.
At Krish's school function, when Pooja asks Krish how he got over his stage nerves, he recites some advice that Rohan had given him.
However, when Yash sees Rahul, Anjali and Pooja with Rohan, he is enraged at Rohan and their confrontation does not go well.
Nandini stands up to Yash for the first time, telling him that he was wrong for disowning Rahul and did not do right by breaking the family.
Nandini gives the couple a proper welcome and Yash tearfully asks for forgiveness, telling Rahul that he had always loved him.
Rohan and Pooja, who have fallen in love, are married, and the family holds a belated celebration of Rahul and Anjali's wedding.
The film also featured Johnny Lever as Haldiram (a shopkeeper in Chandni Chowk), Himani Shivpuri as Haldiram's wife, Jibraan Khan as Krish Raichand (Rahul and Anjali's son), Amar Talwar as Mr. Kapoor (Yash's friend and Naina's father).
However, on the advice of filmmaker Aditya Chopra, who thought that the male characters would be too weak, Karan decided to tweak the story-line to make it the story of two brothers.
Before principal photography could begin, Karan and the contracted costume designers (Manish Malhotra, Shabina Khan and Rocky S) shopped in several locations of USA, London, Milan, and New Delhi to get the right look for each of the cast members.
He did not organise any rehearsals for them, except for a scene involving a climatic encounter between Amitabh Bachchan and Roshan.
In order to lend authenticity, the team took several pictures of the original area and also shopped in the various alleys of Chandni Chowk.
The inside of a palatial mansion was developed from scratch in the same studio to double as the home of the Raichand family.
The crew faced enormous difficulties while filming an emotional scene between Jaya Bachchan and Khan at the Bluewater Complex, as a massive crowd had gathered there to watch them at work.
British journalist, Fuad Omar, wrote extensively about the filming of the film in the UK, covering much of the shoot in a series of online articles and for regional press.
She further stated that the buildup to the story was juxtaposed with the backdrop of two contrasting places – the Raichand home and the interiors of Chandni Chowk.
He added that the characters conveyed a plethora of emotions not through extensive dialogue but through the exchange of glances, which were demonstrated by extreme close-ups on their eyes.
He explained that the film was aimed at invoking nostalgia among the large section of NRI's in Canada, United Kingdom and North America.
In the second half of the film, Rahul and Anjali move to London, where they enjoy an affluent lifestyle, among several non-Indian neighbours and friends.
While certain critics praised the visual richness and the performances of the cast, certain others were negative about the lengthy run time and criticised the script strength and inconsistencies.
He pointed out several flaws in the script, but added that the positive aspects of the film managed to outweigh the negative ones.
The reviews were mostly mixed outside of India too, with several critics praising the technical production details of the film, while being somewhat less enthusiastic about the story line.
Shamaila Khan of BBC gave the film 9 out of 10 stars and praised the performances of Khan, Kajol and Kapoor.
Corey K. Creekmur, of the University of Iowa, said that there were many ignored or illogical plot points and inconsistencies between the moral messages meant to be portrayed and the manner in which they came off on screen.
The film opened to around nett collections in its first weekend in India, with the first week total at around .
The domestic opening week collections were 70% higher than the previous record and never before had opening records been eclipsed by such large margins.
The film was released in around 125 prints in the overseas markets, grossing a total of $8.9 million at the end of its theatrical run.
The film also had the biggest opening ever for a Bollywood film in North America, with a gross of $1.1 million in 73 screens.
However, according to a report by Rediff, the numbers were so high that the official reporting agency did not believe it, and asked for evidence that could not be furnished until after the reporting deadline had passed.
However, according to figures from Box Office Mojo, the film debuted at the 32nd place at the American box office during the week of 4 January 2002.
The film won several awards at the International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA), and some at the Zee Cine Awards and Screen Awards ceremonies, among others.
At the 13th annual Valenciennes International Film Festival, the film won five major awards, including three Best Film awards and Best Actress for Kajol.
It features materials and interviews concerning the producer, director, cinematographer, art director, cast and crew that Iyengar gathered over an 18-month period during the production of the film.
In general, under section 105 of the Copyright Act, such works are not entitled to domestic copyright protection under U.S. law and are therefore in the public domain.
For example, government publications may include works copyrighted by a contractor or grantee; copyrighted material assigned to the U.S. Government; or copyrighted information from other sources.
The contention of the defendant that the Government's ownership of the manuscripts made them available for publication by anyone was denied.
The Printing Law of 1895, which was designed to centralize in the Government Printing Office the printing, binding, and distribution of Government documents, contained the first statutory prohibition of copyright in Government publications.
The Sections of the Copyright Act that now govern U.S. Government work were enacted in 1976 as part of the Copyright Act of 1976.
This in no way suggests to the public that the bulk of the work is uncopyrightable and therefore free for use.
The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 amended the law to make the use of a copyright notice optional on copies of works published on and after March 1, 1989 and also revised Section 403.
Including the notice, however, does continue to confer certain benefits, notably in the challenging a defendant's claim of innocent infringement, where the question of proper notice may be a factor in assessing damages in infringement actions.
Under the FAR general data rights clause (FAR 52.227-14), the government has unlimited rights in all data first produced in performance of or delivered under a contract, unless the contractor asserts a claim to copyright or the contract provides otherwise.
Unless provided otherwise by an Agency FAR Supplement, a contractor may assert claim to copyright in scientific and technical articles based on or containing data first produced in the performance of a contract and published in academic, technical or professional journals, symposia proceedings, or the like.
The express written permission of the Contracting Officer is required before the contractor may assert or enforce the copyright in all other works first produced in the performance of a contract.
However, if a contract includes Alternate IV of the clause, the Contracting Officer's approval is not required to assert claim to copyright.
Whenever the contractor asserts claim to copyright in works other than computer software, the government, and others acting on its behalf, are granted a license to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute, perform and display the copyrighted work.
Copyright law's definition of work of the United States government does not include work that the government owns but did not create.
For example, in 1837, the federal government purchased former U.S. President James Madison's manuscripts from his widow, Dolley Madison, for $30,000.
If this is construed as covering copyright as well as the physical papers, it would be an example of such a transfer.
Most USPS materials, artwork, and design and all postage stamps as of January 1, 1978, or after are subject to copyright laws.
Works of the former United States Post Office Department are in the public domain (due to its former position as a cabinet department).
The lack of copyright protection for works of the United States government does not apply to works of U.S. subnational governments.
Some states have placed much of their work into the public domain by waiving some or all of their rights under copyright law.
Unorganized territories (such as American Samoa and the former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) are treated, for copyright purposes, as the U.S. government.
Certain works, particularly logos and emblems of government agencies, while not copyrightable, are still protected by other laws that are similar in effect to trademark laws.
For example, some uses of the Central Intelligence Agency logo, name, and initialism are regulated under the CIA Act of 1949 ().
It was dipped in vinegar (or in some translations sour wine), most likely posca, a favorite beverage of Roman soldiers, and offered to Christ to drink from during the Crucifixion, according to , , and .
She collected their blood with a sponge and placed it in a well, where she herself was later buried, marked by the disk in the Basilica's floor.
This sponge remained in Constantinople until it was bought from the Latin emperor Baldwin II by Louis IX of France among the relics he needed for the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris.
Acer micranthum, the small-leaved maple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae in the snakebark maple group, native to Japan, on Honshū, Kyūshū and Shikoku.
The leaves are 4–10 cm long and 2–8 cm broad, palmately lobed, with five deeply toothed lobes with long acuminate tips and double-serrated margins, and with distinctive tufts of orange-red hairs in the main vein axils at the base of the leaf; the petiole is 2–5 cm long.
The flowers are produced in early summer in racemes 4–10 cm long, each flower 4 mm diameter, with five yellow to greenish-yellow sepals and petals; it is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees.
The fruit is a paired samara with two rounded nutlets, each with a wing 1.5–2 cm long; the two wings spreading almost horizontally from each other.
Mpe was born in the northern city of Polokwane in Tiragalong, and moved to Johannesburg at the age of 19 to attend university.
Due to his lack of money he ended up living in the deprived inner city area of Hillbrow, a place where he later set his first novel.
The novel is striking in that the problems created by apartheid are in the background; the central problems of black South Africans are those of their own making: xenophobia, mean-spirited gossip, witchcraft, and the inability to fully love each other or themselves.
Before his death he embarked on doctorate studies on sexuality in post-apartheid South African literature with a particular focus on these two issues.
Mpe died suddenly at the age of 34, at the time he was about to begin training as a traditional healer.
At the time of his death Mpe was teaching African literature and publishing studies in the school of literature and languages studies in the University of the Witwatersrand.
Penikese Island entered the historical record in 1602 AD when the English explorer Bartholomew Gosnold and some of his crew visited the island.
Originally tree covered, at some later time the tree cover was lost, and the island was later used for pasturing sheep.
In early 1873, Louis Agassiz, the famous Swiss-American naturalist, persuaded Anderson to give him the island and $50,000 to endow a school for natural history where students would study nature instead of books.
The school was closed following a fire in 1875, but some of the former students opened in 1888 the Marine Biological Laboratory, in nearby Woods Hole.
In 1904, following local opposition to two previously selected sites on the mainland, the state of Massachusetts purchased the island for $25,000 to use as a leprosy hospital to isolate and treat all Massachusetts residents with the disease.
After being open for 16 years, it was closed in 1921 and the thirteen patients were transferred to the federal leprosy hospital in Carville, Louisiana.
At the closing of the hospital, the state burnt and then dynamited the buildings, and all that remains of it is are stone gate posts and a small cemetery.
A residential school for special-needs juvenile boys was opened in 1973, so at any time, there may be school staff and some students on the island.
There may also be visitors and researchers on island from time to time, as the island is publicly owned and is still used at times for biological research.
Beginning in 1990, the island was used as a test site for efforts to reintroduce the endangered American burying beetle, which appears to have succeeded; by 1997 the population had persisted for at least five generations since the last release.
Though largely a matinee idol in the 1930s and early 1940s and known for his striking looks, Power starred in films in a number of genres, from drama to light comedy.
In the 1950s he began placing limits on the number of films he would make in order to devote more time for theater productions.
Power was descended from a long Irish theatrical line going back to his great-grandfather, the Irish actor and comedian Tyrone Power (1795–1841).
Through his paternal great-grandmother, Anne Gilbert, Power was related to the actor Laurence Olivier; through his paternal grandmother, stage actress Ethel Lavenu, he was related by marriage to author Evelyn Waugh; and through his father's first cousin, Norah Emily Gorman Power, he was related to the theatrical director Sir (William) Tyrone Guthrie, founder of the Stratford Festival in Canada and the Tyrone Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Upon his graduation, he opted to join his father to learn what he could about acting from one of the stage's most respected actors.
Power joined his father for the summer of 1931, after being separated from him for some years due to his parents' divorce.
He went door to door, trying to find work as an actor, and, while many contacts knew his father well, they offered praise for his father but no work for his son.
Discouraged, he took the advice of a friend, Arthur Caesar, to go to New York to gain experience as a stage actor.
Despite his own reservations, Darryl F. Zanuck decided to give Power the role, once King and Fox editor Barbara McLean convinced him that Power had a greater screen presence than Ameche.
He walked into the premiere of the movie an unknown and he walked out a star, which he remained the rest of his career.
He attended boot camp at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, then Officer's Candidate School at Marine Corps Base Quantico, where he was commissioned a second lieutenant on June 2, 1943.
As he had already logged 180 solo hours as a pilot before enlisting, he was able to do a short, intense flight training program at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas.
The Marine Corps considered Power over the age limit for active combat flying, so he volunteered for piloting cargo planes that he felt would get him into active combat zones.
In July 1944, Power was assigned to Marine Transport Squadron (VMR)-352 as a R5C (Navy version of Army Curtiss Commando C-46) transport co-pilot at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.
From there, he flew missions carrying cargo in and wounded Marines out during the Battles of Iwo Jima (Feb-Mar 1945) and Okinawa (Apr-Jun 1945).
For his services in the Pacific War, Power was awarded the American Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two bronze stars, and the World War II Victory Medal.
Darryl F. Zanuck was reluctant for Power to make the movie because his handsome appearance and charming manner had been marketable assets for the studio for years.
The movie was directed by Edmund Goulding, and though it died at the box office, it was one of Power's favorite roles for which he received some of the best reviews of his career.
So, he did not publicize it and removed it from release after only a few weeks insisting that it was a flop.
Power was becoming increasingly dissatisfied with his costume roles, and he struggled between being a star and becoming a great actor.
The tour culminated in a run of 65 shows between February and April 1953 at the New Century Theatre on Broadway.
A second national tour with the show began in October 1953, this time for four months, and with Raymond Massey and Anne Baxter.
Fox now gave Power permission to seek his own roles outside the studio, on the understanding that he would fulfill his fourteen-film commitment to them in between his other projects.
Between November 1954 and April 1955, Power toured the United States and Canada in the role, ending with 12 weeks at the ANTA Theater, New York, and two weeks at the Colonial Theater, Boston.
Power was one of Hollywood's most eligible bachelors until he married French actress Annabella (born Suzanne Georgette Charpentier) on July 14, 1939.
She explained that the war clouds over Europe made her unhappy and irritable, and to get her mind off her troubles, she began accepting stage work, which often took her away from home.
The couple tried to make their marriage work when Power returned from military service, but they were unable to do so.
Following his separation from Annabella, Power entered into a love affair with Lana Turner that lasted for a couple of years.
In her 1982 autobiography, Turner claimed that she became pregnant with Power's child in 1948, but chose to have an abortion.
They flew with a crew to various locations in Europe and South Africa, often mobbed by fans when they hit the ground.
Turner also claimed that it could not have been a coincidence that Linda Christian was at the same hotel as Tyrone Power and implied that Christian had obtained Power's itinerary from 20th Century Fox.
Power and Christian were married on January 27, 1949, in the Church of Santa Francesca Romana, with an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 screaming fans outside.
In her autobiography, Christian blamed the breakup of her marriage on her husband's extramarital affairs, but acknowledged that she had had an affair with Edmund Purdom, which created great tension between Christian and her husband.
At the time, he vowed that he would never marry again, because he had been twice burned financially by his previous marriages.
They were married on May 7, 1958, and she became pregnant soon after with, Tyrone Power Jr., the son he had always wanted.
Power had filmed about 75 percent of his scenes when he was stricken by a massive heart attack while filming a dueling scene with his frequent co-star and friend, George Sanders.
Power was interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery (then known as Hollywood Cemetery) in a military service at noon on Flying over the service was Henry King.
It was then that Power had his first experience of flying, which became a big part of his life, both in the U.S. Marines and as a civilian.
It stated his wish that, upon his death, his eyes be donated to the Estelle Doheny Eye Foundation, for such purposes as the trustees of the foundation should deem advisable, including transplantation of the cornea to the eyes of a living person or for retinal study.
For Power's contribution to motion pictures, he was honored in 1960 with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame that can be found at 6747 Hollywood Blvd.
On the 50th anniversary of his death, Power was honored by American Cinematheque with a weekend of films and remembrances by co-stars and family as well as a memorabilia display at the Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles from November 14–16, 2008.
Pharmatex is marketed in France and the province of Quebec; Protectaid in the rest of Canada and Europe; and Today in the United States.
First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus.
Sponges can provide contraception for multiple acts of intercourse over a 24 hour period, but cannot be reused beyond that time or once removed.
The manufacturer of the Today sponge reports effectiveness for prevention of pregnancy of 89% to 91% when used correctly and consistently.
Other sources cite poorer effectiveness rates for women who have given birth: 74% during correct and consistent use, and 68% during typical use.
Following several delays, the Today brand became available again in Canada in March 2003, and in the U.S. in September 2005.
After the manufacturer's parent company declared bankruptcy in 2007, production was shut down again, until the new manufacturer, Mayer Laboratories Ltd., reintroduced Today to the U.S. market in 2009.
Protectaid contains 5,000 mg of the F-5 gel, with three active ingredients (6.25 mg of nonoxynol-9, 6.25 mg of benzalkonium chloride, and 25 mg of sodium cholate).
The Today sponge contains the spermicide nonoxynol-9, which may contain certain risks for those using the sponge multiple times a day, or for those at risk for HIV.
In these cases, nonoxynol-9 can irritate the tissue, which leads to an increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
It is located on the eighth floor of the flagship downtown Toronto location of the Canadian department store The Bay at Yonge and Queen Streets.
The Arcadian Court was intended to compete with the Royal York Hotel's Imperial Room, the Georgian Room at the main Eaton's store, and the Eaton's Seventh Floor on College Street (now called The Carlu) for downtown lunch business.
The restaurant hosted many of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra's first radio broadcasts, and in 1967, it hosted the first auction ever held outside Britain by Sotheby's.
From 1988 to 1989, some of the mezzanine space was converted to gallery space, which displayed the Canadian art collection of Kenneth Thomson.
This gallery space was closed in 2004, and the Thomson collection was transferred to the Art Gallery of Ontario and now displayed as the Thomson Collection.
The renovations have stripped back layers of walls and flooring that have been added over the years, reclaiming approximately the perimeter.
Eight of the 16 grand arches in the mezzanine that were closed off in past renovations were reopened and the squared-off arches were restored.
The Court is now with improved acoustics, new chandeliers that are a deconstructed take on the original Lalique crystal chandeliers and an opened-up mezzanine.
Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong.
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest port in Australia by tonnage.
Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour.
The bay is also the home of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club that was established in 1859, and the adjacent Bay City Marina that was constructed in the 1980s.
Henry Timrod (December 8, 1829 – October 7, 1867) was an American poet, often called the poet laureate of the Confederacy.
The elder Timrod died from tuberculosis on July 28, 1838, in Charleston, at the age of 44, leaving behind his wife of 25 years, Thyrza Prince Timrod, and their four children, the eldest of which was Adaline Rebecca, 14 years; Henry was nine.
In 1856, he accepted a posting as a teacher at the plantation of Colonel William Henry Cannon in the area that would later become Florence, South Carolina.
With the outbreak of American Civil War, in a state of fervent patriotism, Timrod returned to Charleston to begin publishing his war poems, which drew many young men to enlist in the service of the Confederacy.
On March 1, 1862, Timrod enlisted into the military as a private in Company B, 20th South Carolina Regiment, and was detailed for special duty as a clerk at regimental headquarters, but his tuberculosis prevented much service, and he was sent home.
Due to the vigor of his editorials, he was forced into hiding, his home was burned, and the newspaper office was destroyed.
This lasted less than a month, after which he was again dependent on charity and odd jobs to feed his family of women.
He finally succumbed to consumption Sunday morning, October 7, 1867, and was laid to rest in the churchyard at Trinity Episcopal Church in Columbia next to his son.
Later critics of Timrod's writings, including Edd Winfield Parks and Guy A. Cardwell, Jr. of the University of Georgia, Jay B. Hubbell of Vanderbilt University and Christina Murphy, who completed a Ph.D. dissertation on Timrod at the University of Connecticut, have asserted that Timrod was one of the most important regional poets of nineteenth-century America and one of the most important Southern poets.
In terms of achievement, Timrod is often compared to Sidney Lanier and John Greenleaf Whittier as poets who achieved significant stature by combining lyricism with a poetic capacity for nationalism.
Today, Timrod's poetry is included in most of the historical anthologies of American poetry, and he is regarded as a significant—though secondary—figure in 19th-century American literature.
Acceptance of business casual in the United States was preceded by Casual Fridays which originated in California in the 1990s, in turn inspired by the Hawaiian 1960s casual custom of Aloha Friday.
One definition of business casual states that it includes khaki pants, slacks, and skirts, as well as short-sleeved polo shirts and long-sleeved shirts, but excludes jeans, tight or short skirts, T-shirts, and sweatshirts.
Another source, an American university careers service, states that business casual consists of neutral colors more towards the dark shades of black, gray, navy, but can include white and off white, and reminds that the clothing should be pressed and have clean, crisp seams.
It is the largest bat species in the New World, as well as the largest carnivorous bat: its wingspan is .
Due to habitat destruction and its low population density, it is listed as a near-threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The genus and species names were not used in their current combination until biologist George Gilbert Goodwin did so in 1942.
The spectral bat is included within the subfamily Phyllostominae, which includes species of diverse feeding strategies, including carnivory, insectivory and mixed insectivory/frugivory.
The spectral bat is the largest bat species native to the New World and the largest carnivorous bat in the world.
The forearm is furred on the half closer to the body, but naked on the half closer to the wrist and fingers.
While six of its molars have three cusps, as in many mammal species, the last upper molars are reduced to two cusps; they are much smaller than the other molars.
The brain is large relative to the body; at 1:67, its brain-to-body mass ratio is higher than that of cats and dogs.
The brain has well-developed olfactory bulbs and its cerebellum is the most ornamented and complex of any member of its subfamily.
It was once thought to supplement its diet with fruit, but a captive pair refused to eat any fruit over a 5-year period.
Its diet can be studied passively because it carries prey items back to its roost to consume, discarding unwanted parts such as bird feathers, bat wings, and rodent tails.
Over the course of a year, 18 bird species were identified from feathers left under a roost in Costa Rica: based on the assemblage, it prefers non-perching bird species that weigh .
The groove-billed ani, which both has a strong smell and roosts in groups, is a particularly common prey item, representing approximately 24-26 of the 86 prey items identified in the study.
Because its prey items can be so large, it may only need to consume one bird every two or three nights to meet its caloric requirements.
The spectral bat uses echolocation to navigate, creating short pulses of ultrasound at relatively low frequencies; its echolocation characteristics are suited for maneuvering around obstacles while flying low to the ground.
Its foraging style has been compared to owls; it likely uses its agile and maneuverable wings to hover as it plucks prey items off the ground or tree branches.
It stalks the prey and then lands on it from above, securing the prey by hooking it with its sharp thumb claws.
In a study of the wing morphology of 51 Neotropical bat species, the spectral bat had the lowest wing loading (body mass to wing area ratio) at 20.05.
Low wing loading is advantageous for carnivorous bats because it allows them to pick up prey items from the ground and fly with them.
Its wing structure allows it to take flight in confined spaces and to carry heavy prey items, despite the bat's size.
Additionally, it is one of two known species of bat where the males provide parental care, the other being the yellow-winged bat.
Males have relatively small testes—as a monogamous species, there is not generally sperm competition, so males can save energy by producing less sperm.
It is a seasonal breeder, with females giving birth at the end of the dry season or the beginning of the rainy season.
The male is often in attendance as well and will frequently sleep with both the female and their young completely wrapped up in his wings.
The extent of natural depredation upon spectral bats is unknown, but spectral bat remains were once documented in a western barn owl pellet in Oaxaca, Mexico.
An examination of one colony of five individuals consisted of an adult male and female, a nursing pup, and a juvenile male and female.
The juvenile male was estimated to be six months old; he was presumed to be the older offspring of the adults, while the female was also possibly their offspring.
Though it was initially believed to only roost in trees, it was first documented using a cave as a roost in 2008.
Its average lifespan is unknown; however, it is believed that the same individual roosted in a cave from 2008 until at least 2016 based on a unique ear pigmentation, making lifespans of at least 8 years possible.
Its range includes Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
It has been documented at elevations from above sea level, though in Mexico it is only found in lowland areas of below .
Ladysmith, originally Oyster Harbour, is a town located on the 49th parallel north on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
James Dunsmuir founded Ladysmith about 1898, a year after he built shipping wharves for loading coal at Oyster Harbour (now Ladysmith Harbour) from the mine at Extension, nearer Nanaimo.
He chose to build the community at what was then known as Oyster Harbour, some 20 miles (32 km) south of his Extension mines.
In 1900, Dunsmuir renamed the town in honour of the British lifting the siege of Ladysmith in South Africa (28 February 1900) during the Second Boer War.
In addition to commemorating the end of the war by naming his town after Ladysmith, Dunsmuir also chose to name the streets of the community after British military personnel including: Field Marshall Lord Roberts, General John French, General Redvers Buller, General Sir Charles Warren, General Sir George White, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Lieutenant-General Sir William Forbes Gatacre, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, Major General Lord Methuen, and Sir William Penn Symonds.
The Seaforth Highlanders first saw active service in the summer of 1912 when rallies by striking coal miners in the area around Nanaimo led to rioting.
The area has three elementary schools: Ladysmith Primary School (Kindergarten to Grade 3), Ladysmith Intermediate School (Grade 4 to Grade 7), and École North Oyster Elementary (Kindergarten to Grade 7).
The concept of a dwelling has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land-use planning.
Under English law, a dwelling is defined as a self-contained 'substantial' unit of accommodation, such as a building, part of a building, caravan, houseboat or other mobile home.
The term includes an individual condominium unit, cooperative unit, manufactured home, mobile home, or trailer if it is used as a residence.
In international conventions, a person can have only one habitual residence, being the place where the individual ordinarily resides and routinely returns to after visiting other places for a reasonably significant period of time.
The Hague Conference on Private International Law has deliberately refrained from offering a definition so that the concept may be flexible and adaptable to practical requirements.
Therefore, it would no longer be considered a dwelling for legal purposes, which from a defense standpoint, would negate a conviction under this code.
For prosectors, it is advantageous to construe these terms loosely in order to secure as many convictions as possible for violation of this code.
Examples of loose interpretation exist not only in California, but also in other states such as Colorado where similar code (Colorado Code § 18-1-901(3)(g)) applies in cases even when a shooting at an detached garage that does not traditionally constitute a dwelling or house.
However, courts in both of these states and others have held that it does qualify as an occupied building for purposes of criminal conviction.
It delineates the boundary within which a home owner can have a reasonable expectation of privacy with particular relevance to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning.
In urban properties, the location of the curtilage may be evident from the position of fences, wall and similar; within larger properties it may be a matter of some legal debate as to where the private area ends and any 'open fields beyond'.
Għar Dalam Cave is a highly important site, as it was here that the earliest evidence of human presence on Malta was discovered.
The display area consists of two parts: the cave and the museum, which exhibits a remarkable wealth of finds from animal bones to human artifacts.
These temple ruins are important because they reveal not only a four-apse temple (c.2000 BC), but an authentic, fortified Bronze Age domestic settlement.
The remains of a large, defensive wall lie nearby, running across the head of a promontory between two valleys leading down to two bays.
This logistic situation leads scholars to believe that the people living in the village were more afraid of being attacked by invaders by land rather than from the sea.
Archaeologists think that this could have been due to no agricultural produce, civil warfare, or the Neolithic population being murdered by war-like tribes.
In addition to prehistoric sites, the town includes historical structures and remains that date back centuries, revealing changing peoples as the island went through different periods of domination by various political interests.
These sites date back to the rule of the Order of Saint John, who ruled the Maltese islands from 1530 to 1798.
During the last decade, there has been an influx of new workers employed at the nearby Malta Freeport and container terminal.
The X4 passes every 30 minutes to Birzebbuga, 80 every one hour and 82 passes every 15 minutes during the rush hour and 20-30 minutes at other times.
There are two other routes that pass from Birzebbuga; route 210 that travels to and from Mater Dei Hospital and the University of Malta; and route 119 which travels through Birzebbuga and ends at the Malta International Airport and Marsascala.
The blue represents the nearby waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the olive branch the major importance of olives to the local economy, in former times.
Birzebbuga St. Peters' is also in a collaboration with a newly found futsal team, Birzebbuga St. Peters' FC Futsal, which is competing in the Maltese Futsal Fourth Division Section A .
The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD or UT Dallas) is a public research university with its main campus in Richardson, Texas.
Approximately one-third of the campus is located within Dallas County, with plans to open an on-campus DART train stop on the Silver Line (2022).
The institution, established in 1961 as the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest and later renamed the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (SCAS), began as a research arm of Texas Instruments.
The university is associated with four Nobel Prizes, and has members of the National Academy of Science and National Academy of Engineering on its faculty.
The University of Texas at Dallas offers more than 140 academic programs across its eight schools and hosts more than 50 research centers and institutes.
From July 2017 to June 2018, the university granted 3,907 bachelor's degrees, 3,698 master's degrees, and 231 PhDs for a total of 7,836 degrees.
The school has a Division III athletics program in the American Southwest Conference and fields 14 intercollegiate teams including a co-ed varsity eSports program.
Before they founded UT Dallas, Eugene McDermott, Cecil Howard Green and J. Erik Jonsson had purchased Geophysical Service Incorporated (GSI) on December 6, 1941 – the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
With the rapid increase in defense contracts, the General Instrument Division of GSI grew substantially and was later reorganized under the name Texas Instruments, Inc. (TI) in 1951.
However, qualified personnel required by TI were not readily available in the Dallas-Fort Worth area because the region's universities did not provide enough graduates with advanced training in engineering and physical sciences.
To compensate for a shortage, McDermott, Green, and Jonsson established the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest on February 14, 1961.
While the institute initially was housed in the Fondren Science Library at Southern Methodist University, a nearby empty cotton field was later acquired by Jonsson, McDermott, and Green in Richardson, TX in 1962.
Preston Smith signed House Bill 303, which added the institution to the University of Texas System and created the University of Texas at Dallas (effective September 1st 1969).
Founded at the dawn of the Information Age and steeped in science and technology, The University of Texas at Dallas has been more intent on creating the future than on preserving its history.
As a result, not all relevant early historical details were documented carefully and fully; which is a reflection of the nature of a youthful institution's disregard for archiving.
This allowed the campus to expand with the addition of a number of new facilities including most notable the Cecil H. Green Hall, the Eugene McDermott Library, and a campus bookstore.
The school received accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1972, and the first diplomas were awarded in 1973.
The Callier Center for Communication Disorders became part of the UTD in 1975 and the School of Management opened in 1975.
Robert H. Rutford, an Antarctic explorer recognized with the naming of the Rutford Ice Stream and Mount Rutford in Antarctica, became the second president of UT Dallas in May 1982.
During his tenure as president, the university secured approval for a school of engineering, added freshmen and sophomores to its student body, and built the first on-campus housing.
The chess club and debate program were founded in 1996, and later began offering academic scholarships for those skilled in either area.
UT Dallas' ceremonial mace contains a university seal surrounding a wafer embedded with Texas Instruments microchips, representing TI's role in the founding of the college.
A steel band in the headpiece and the metal foot of the staff fashioned from a scientific instrument designed by the UT Dallas Space Sciences Institute and were flown aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor in September 1995.
He previously served on the faculty at UT Austin and was the Dean of Engineering at the University of Illinois from 2001 to 2005.
He has continued the expansion of the campus by adding the Natural Science and Engineering Research Laboratory, the Center for BrainHealth (near the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center), and almost 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) of new facilities added from 2007 to 2010.
In November 2008, improvements included the addition of a tree-lined pathway to an entrance roundabout, and created a central mall area on campus that featured reflecting pools lined with magnolia trees, a chess plaza, the plinth, and misting column.
In July 2001, the 77th Texas legislature failed to pass two proposed bills which had very different plans for the future of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex UT System intuitions.
It would have established UT Dallas (UTD) in Richardson, TX as the main flagship campus, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas (UTSW) as its medical school, and would have designated UT Arlington (UTA) as a UT Dallas satellite campus (a situation similar to UT Rio Grande Valley).
The purpose of the bill was to consolidate all DFW UT System institutions into one, creating single cohesive flagship-level university for the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex.
However, the bill was unpopular with supporters of UT Arlington (because they wanted to retain their identity as a separate institution from UT Dallas) and the House Bill ultimately failed to pass.
The second plan, 77(R) HB 3607 proposed by Domingo Garcia, would have transferred UT Dallas, UT Southwestern, and UT Arlington to the University of North Texas System (to create something similar to the University of Houston System).
The Denton, TX campus would have remained as the flagship university while the 3 Dallas-Fort Worth UT System institutions would have been designated as separate degree-granting sister UNT System colleges.
The law was left pending due to objections from both UT Arlington and UT Dallas, as both preferred to remain under the UT System.
Previously he was Dean of the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech University, which saw record growth from 2005 to 2016 after the number of engineering applicants nearly doubled during his tenure.
He has continued the expansion of the UTD campus with the addition of The Bioengineering and Sciences Building, The Engineering & Computer Science West Building, a new Science Building, The Davidson-Gundy Alumni Center, and Northside Phase 1 & 2 (the first on-campus apartments with first floor retail space).
Since 2016, UT Dallas' national US News ranking has jumped up from 140 to 129, tying it with University of Missouri, University of Kansas, University of Alabama, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, and Catholic University of America (most of which are current or former members of the Association of American Universities).
Undergraduate applications have increased by 5%, undergraduate enrollment has increased by 16%, 6-year graduation rates increased by 4.5%, freshman retention rates have improved from 84% to 87%, and UTD was ranked #1 among universities under 50 years old.
It is typically used to retain UT Dallas’ identity across digital platforms, as the primary logo does not adapt well to mobile devices or smaller screens.
In 2018, the University inherited the Barrett collection of Swiss art which will be housed in a new building as part of the Edith O'Donnell Institute of Art History.
In January 2019, the family of Trammell and Margaret Crow donated the entire collection of the Crow Museum of Asian Art to the University of Texas at Dallas, along with $23 million in support funding to help build a structure on the university campus to show more of the artworks.
1969), 44 years of undergraduate Junior/Senior enrollment (since 1975), 29 years of incoming Freshman enrollment (since 1990), and 58 years as a research center (founded in 1961).
Additionally, the Online MBA's Graduate Business program was ranked 2nd nationally (1st in Texas), and the MBA specialty of information systems was ranked 16th nationally (2nd in Texas).
The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey designated the program a Center of Academic Excellence, the only one in Texas and one of 17 nationwide.
In a 2012 study, assessing the academic impact of publications, the UTD's program in Criminology was ranked 5th in the whole world.
UT Dallas is also home to the #2 Most-Cited Criminologist, Dr. Alex Piquero and one of the Top Women in Criminology, Dr. Nicole Leeper Piquero.
The Naveen Jindal School of Management (Jindal or JSOM) annually releases its own ranking list for business schools based on research quantity and frequency.
For fall 2015, the University of Texas at Dallas offered 138 academic programs across its eight schools including 48 baccalaureate programs, 57 master's programs and 31 doctoral programs.
In 2018 overall ethnicity population proportions, including undergraduate and graduate students, was White American 29%, Asian American 25%, International 20%, Hispanic 14%, African American 5%.
Fall 2017 first-time undergraduate acceptance rate was 70%, with some of the most selective graduate programs only accepting 4% of applicants.
The top majors among undergraduates are biology, computer science, arts and technology, accounting, business administration, mechanical engineering, finance, neuroscience, psychology, and electrical engineering.
In the fall 2017–18 academic year, UTD enrolled 160 National Merit Scholars in its freshmen class, which was the highest total number in Texas and one of the highest in the nation.
The fall 2017 entering freshmen class had an average SAT composite score of 1323 and an average ACT composite score of 29.
These freshman SAT/ACT scores are the highest averages in UTD's history – which surpassed Texas A&M's and matched UT Austin's averages of that year.
For spring 2018 commencement, the university granted 2,314 bachelor's degrees, 2,109 master's degrees and 99 doctoral degrees for a total of 4,843 degrees.
For the fall 2017 incoming freshmen class, the awards range from $3,000 per year for tuition and mandatory fees up to complete coverage of UT Dallas tuition and mandatory fees plus $3,000 per semester cash stipend to defray the costs of books, supplies and other expenses.
The McDermott Scholars Program, established at UT Dallas in 2000, provides full scholarships and unique cultural and civic opportunities to academically talented high school students.
The National Merit Scholars Program, established at UT Dallas in 2011, provides professional and cultural development, full tuition and mandatory fees and a generous additional stipend.
The Terry Scholars Program is a cohort experience that offers academic, cultural, service, mentoring, and other unique opportunities to traditional and transfer students awarded the prestigious scholarship.
The university has more than 50 research centers and institutes and the UTD Office of Technology Commercialization, a technology transfer center.
The William B. Hanson Center for Space Studies (CSS), affiliated with the Department of Physics, conducts research in space plasma physics.
The center conducts a NASA-sponsored mission, Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI), which was launched in April 2008 in cooperation with the United States Air Force.
CINDI, which is part of the payload for the Communication and Navigation Outage Forecast System program, seeks to uncover information about the equatorial plasma bubbles that interrupt radio signals.
Under the leadership of John H. Hoffman, the center designed the mass spectrometer for the Phoenix Mars Lander as part of the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) experiment in cooperation with the University of Arizona.
UT Dallas conducts cybersecurity research in a number of areas including cross-domain information sharing, data security and privacy, data mining for malware detection, geospatial information security, secure social networks, and secure cloud computing.
The university is designated a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Research for the academic years 2008–2013 by the National Security Agency and Department of Homeland Security.
The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute was established in 2001 when Ray Baughman, a pioneering nanotechnologist, became the Robert A. Welch Distinguished Chair in Chemistry and director of the university's NanoTech Institute.
In 2007, it was renamed in memory of the late Alan G. MacDiarmid, who shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Alan Heeger and Hideki Shirakawa.
The Natural Science and Engineering Research Laboratory (NSERL), a four-story, research facility, was completed in December 2006 after two years of construction.
Including ISO 7 cleanroom facilities, the $85 million building provides open floor plans that allows chemists, biologists, nanotechnologists, materials scientists and other specialists to conduct multidisciplinary research.
The Nanoelectronics Materials Laboratory, on the fourth floor, includes a system that allows researchers to deposit thin film materials one atomic layer at a time.
In May 2011 a $3 million JEOL ARM200F scanning transmission electron microscope with an atomic resolution of 0.78 picometers, was added to the research laboratory, already home to two transmission electron microscopes.
The Center for BrainHealth, both its own facility and part of the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, is a research institute with clinical interventions focused on brain health.
The center is located near the UT Dallas' Callier Center for Communication Disorders and adjacent to the north campus of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in the city of Dallas.
Brain research is concentrated on brain conditions, diseases, and disorders including, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, autism, dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and working memory.
The Callier Center for Communication Disorders became part of the University of Texas at Dallas in 1975 as part of the School of Human Development (now the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences).
Research, at the center, includes the causes, prevention, assessment and treatment of communication disorders and the facilities include laboratories for research in child language development and disorders, autism spectrum disorders, speech production, hearing disorders, neurogenic speech and language, cochlear implants and aural habilitation.
Harold Clarke, the Ashbel Smith professor of political science in the School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, and Marianne Stewart, professor of political science are the co-principal investigators for the study, which began in 1964 and is one of the world's oldest continuous political research projects.
The main campus is located in Richardson, Texas next to Dallas' Telecom Corridor, north of downtown Dallas, on the boundary of Dallas and Collin counties.
While the main campus' address is officially within the jurisdiction of Richardson and Collin county, approximately one-third of the college today (one-half in 1969) is physically located within the border of Dallas county (which the city of Dallas typically governs).
This section contains major areas in the south end of campus, including the Visitor Center, Bookstore, the Naveen Jindal School of Management, Athletics District and facilities, half of the Founders Building, parking lots, and some on-campus student housing (Canyon Creek and University Village buildings 1, 2, and 3).
When UT Dallas started growing in the 1960s, the university needed to coordinate with one of the cities for water, electricity, sewer, police, and fire services.
Dallas agreed to let Richardson officially host the university because it did not have the ability or capacity to support UTD at the time (a situation similar to SMU and University Park).
Today, UT Dallas and Richardson share a close relationship and have strongly supported each other's growth for the past 50 years.
Early architecture on the campus (late 20th century) exhibits typical characteristics of Brutalism, a popular civic style when the structures were designed and built.
Most of these buildings are concentrated towards the north end of the Mall area, the most notable being the Founders Building, Eugene McDermott Library, and Administration Building.
Later architecture (early 21st century) exhibits late modern or postmodern features such as bronze glass, bronze aluminum frames, unadorned geometric shapes, unusual surfaces, and unorthodox layouts.
This styling is seen in the Engineering and Computer Science building, School of Management, Cecil and Ida Green Center, and Natural Science and Engineering Research Lab facility (called the Mermaid Building due to its colorful anodized shingles).
To provide protection from inclement weather and extreme temperatures, many of the buildings on campus are connected by a series of elevated indoor walking paths also referred to as skybridges.
The Student Services building, completed in 2010, is the first academic structure in Texas to be rated a LEED Platinum facility by the United States Green Building Council.
A $30 million Campus Landscape Enhancement Project, largely funded by Margaret McDermott (wife of UTD founder Eugene McDermott), was started in October 2008 and completed in late 2010.
The project encompassed all aspects of landscape architecture from campus identity to pedestrian strategies, future growth patterns, sustainability and establishing a campus core.
The next major enhancement a included the commitment to a riparian corridor, consisting of a densely planted natural creek bed along the central entry median to the campus Allée.
The main Mall (or 'Allée') includes 116 hand-picked columnar 'Claudia Wannamaker' Magnolias alongside five reflecting pools and four human-scale chess boards (to represent the achievements of the school's chess team).
The plaza includes a granite fountain complete with mist column, an overhead trellis covered in wisteria vines, and a temperature-modifying shade structure design.
The most recent major phase of the campus landscape upgrades began in 2013, which included to the main pedestrian walkways and corridors on campus, the outdoor space between the Founders and University Theatre buildings, and other areas on campus.
As a result of the Campus Enhancement Plan, the University was earned recognition by Tree Campus USA in the summer of 2017.
In order to maintain this designation, the University created the Tree Advisory Committee, a subcommittee of the Campus Sustainability Committee, and gave each tree a metal tag and GPS locator to manage tree health.
The first building on campus was the Laboratory of Earth & Planetary Science (completed in 1964), later renamed to the Founders Building.
Notable campus buildings added in the 20th century include the Eugene McDermott Library (1975), Student Union (1981), Administration Building (1988), Waterview Apartments (1989), and the Activity Center (1998).
Starting in 2009, UT Dallas began experiencing major growth due to a rapidly increasing undergraduate population, new research opportunities, and donations.
Campus culture is generally more academically inclined compared to other major Texas universities, as traditional athletic sports are not a major focus of the institution.
The university recruits worldwide for its chess team and 24 Grandmasters and International Masters have played for UT Dallas from 1996 to 2018.
The UTD chess team has won or tied for first place in the Pan-American Intercollegiate Chess Championship more than 10 times since 2000.
Students engaged in college debate devote hundreds of hours per season researching and defending a specific policy resolution, in the process gaining a graduate-level understanding of complex social and political issues.
Since 2019, UTD has made 16 consecutive appearances at the National Debate Tournament, which is attended by the 78 best teams in the country.
The University of Texas at Dallas opened the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life in 1992 with Kappa Sigma and Alpha Gamma Delta as the first fraternity and sorority on campus, respectively.
Each Greek organization is a member of one of the four councils on campus: the Interfraternity Council (IFC), the Collegiate Pan-Hellenic Council (CPC), the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), or the Multicultural Greek Council (MGC).
The IFC and CPC are the largest councils by number of students, while the MGC, third in population, is the largest by number of entities.
The Collegiate Pan-Hellenic Council (CPC) is composed of four women's sororities: Alpha Gamma Delta, Delta Delta Delta, Delta Zeta, Kappa Alpha Theta.
Four of those nine entities are represented at UT Dallas: Alpha Kappa Alpha, Alpha Phi Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Sigma Gamma Rho.
Established in the Fall of 2002, The Multicultural Greek Council (MGC), composed of both fraternities and sororities, is the largest of the four councils by number of entities.
Its member organizations are among the youngest national Greek organizations in the world and promote diversity among their membership, although some of them promote a specific cultural ethnicity or nationality.
The nine entities are: Beta Chi Theta, Delta Epsilon Psi, Delta Kappa Delta, Kappa Delta Chi, Lambda Theta Phi, Omega Delta Phi, Sigma Lambda Alpha, Sigma Lambda Gamma, Sigma Sigma Rho.
The radio station was nominated for three college radio awards at the 2010 College Music Journal annual Music Marathon and Festival.
The nominations were for the following categories: Best Use of the Internet, Best Use of Limited Resources and Station of the Year.
The apartment buildings 1–37, which make up 696 units and buildings 38–67, which make up 541 units, are owned by the university and privately managed by American Campus Communities under the name University Village.
Buildings 1–37, previously known as the Waterview Park Apartments, were owned by the Utley Foundation and purchased by UTD on July 1, 2013.
Apartment floor plans vary from 1-bedroom to 4-bedroom units and amenities include swimming pools, volleyball courts, outdoor grills, and study centers.
On August 12, 2009, a residence hall (Residence Hall South) opened, providing housing for 384 full-time freshmen residents and 16 peer advisers.
On each wing and each floor are several communal study areas and the ground floor features a glass-enclosed rotunda with pool and ping-pong tables, large-screen televisions, couches and chairs.
A second, residence hall, (Residence Hall North), was officially completed June 27, 2011, and a third freshman residence hall (Residence Hall Northwest) adjacent to the two existing halls was completed in August 2012.
The two complexes will offer a total of 800 beds and are expected to open in time for the fall 2017 semester.
In 2015, co-developers Balfour Beatty Campus Solutions and Wynne/Jackson began construction of a private mixed-use development known as Northside on leased university land directly adjacent to the main campus.
Opened in time for the fall 2016 semester, the development offers 600 beds through a mix of one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments and townhomes.
Northside also includes 20,000 square feet of space for retail and food vendors, bringing an integrated residential and retail complex to the edge of campus for the first time.
Students have a selection of food sources on campus, including commercial restaurants, primarily within the Student Union, and a traditional dining hall near the residence halls.
Firehouse Subs, Chick-fil-A, Moe's Southwest Grill, Smoothie King, Halal Guys, Torchy's Tacos, Panda Express, Starbucks, Einstein Bros. Bagels, and, IHOP are some of the most popular restaurants.
The Student Union dining hall opened on August 12, 2009 in conjunction with the opening of the first residence hall and was later replaced by a new dining hall within the Residence Hall West complex.
The former Student Union dining hall was later replaced by an extended food court area featuring an expanded Chick-fil-A and a Panda Express, among other options.
All first-year students living on campus are required to purchase a meal plan; meal plans are optional for all other students who live on campus.
Green has become representative several iconic landmarks – the (former) surrounding cotton field, the (current) on-campus magnolia trees, and the green neon color of the Dallas skyline at night produced from the Bank of America Plaza building.
Some of the traditions that give UT Dallas its distinctive flavor are Homecoming, Annual Oozeball Tournament, Ceremonial Mace, Legacy Lane, Welcome Week, Family Day, Splatterdance, Springapalooza and Cecil Green's Head.
Cecil Green helped found the University of Texas at Dallas and outside Green Hall there is a bronze bust of Cecil Green.
Holiday Sing is one of the oldest traditions on campus, the annual Holiday Sing started in 1976 and is hosted by the School of Arts and Humanities during the month of December.
Students and organizations are allowed to paint whatever they like on the rock, provided it conforms to rules of student conduct.
The University of Texas at Dallas' Varsity athletics program started when UTD provisionally joined the NCAA Division III and the American Southwest Conference (ASC) in 1998 and was granted full membership in the ASC in 2002.
UTD club sports include: Archery, Badminton, Climbing, Cycling, Fencing, Gymnastics, Japanese Karate, Jujutsu, Kung Fu, Lacrosse, Mixed Martial Arts, Weightlifting, Powerlifting, Rugby, Running, Soccer, Swimming, Table Tennis, Taekwondo, Tennis, Ultimate Frisbee, and Wrestling.
While available sports and teams can vary each year, teams offered in Spring 2019 include: Badminton, Basketball, Battleship, Cricket, eSports, Flag Football, Sand Volleyball, Soccer, Table Tennis, Tennis, Ultimate Frisbee, Wiffleball, and Xtreme Dodgeball.
They are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra (Vidarbha), Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha.
The term was widely used in 1950s, but has now become almost obsolete, probably because of the political eclipse of the Gond Rajas.
By the 1991 census, this had increased to 9.3 million and by the 2001 census the figure was nearly 11 million.
Gondi people, at the behest of the Chhattisgarh government, formed the Salwa Judum, an armed militant group to fight the Naxalite insurgency.
Scholars believe that Gonds ruled in Gondwana, now in eastern Madhya Pradesh and western Odisha, between the 13th and 19th centuries AD.
The Marathas overthrew the Gond Rajas (princes) and seized most of their territory, while Some Gond zamindaris (estates) survived until recently.
Gonds worship a high god known as Baradeo, whose alternate names are Bhagavan, Sri Shambu Mahadeo, and Persa Pen, and Baradeo oversees activities of lesser gods such as clan and village deities, as well as ancestor.
Baradeo is respected but he does not receive fervent devotion, which is shown only to clan and village deities, as well as ancestor and totems.
Their typical reaction to death has been described as one of anger because they believe it is caused by magical demons.
On Dussehra, the Gondi inhabitants of Paraswadi carry an image of Ravana riding an elephant in a procession to worship him, and protest the burning of Ravana's effigies.
Their worship of Ravana is also a way to resist pressure from Christian missionaries and right-wing Hindu groups and preserve their own culture.
They are a designated Scheduled Tribe in Andhra Pradesh, parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Odisha and West Bengal.
The Government of Uttar Pradesh had classified the Gondi people as a Scheduled Caste but by 2007, they were one of several groups that the Uttar Pradesh government had redesignated as Scheduled Tribes.
GGP was formed in 1991 to plead for the rights of the Gondi people, and to establish a separate Indian state of Gondwana in central [[India].
Jack Hylton (born John Greenhalgh Hilton; 2 July 1892 – 29 January 1965) was an English pianist, composer, band leader and impresario.
He was born John Greenhalgh Hilton in Great Lever near Bolton, Lancashire, the son of George Hilton, a cotton yarn twister.
His father was an amateur singer at the local Labour Club and Hylton learned piano to accompany him on the stage.
His early career involved moving to London as a pianist in the 400 Club and playing with the Stroud Haxton Band.
During the First World War he moved to be a musical director of the band of the 20th Hussars, and later in the Army Entertainment Division.
After the First World War, Hylton formed a double act with Tommy Handley to little success, also collaborating in a number of short-lived stage shows.
After being dismissed by his own bandmates from the Queen's Hall in 1922, Hylton not only set up his own band, but also set up a number of other orchestras under the Jack Hylton Organisation.
Even though he was not professionally trained for business, he brought his band to success even at a time when the Great Depression hit hard during the 1930s.
His good reputation allowed him to make contacts with famous jazz artists of the time, and he was credited for bringing Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and others to Britain and Europe in the 1930s.
Unlike many other bandleaders who took up residences at nightclubs and ballrooms, Hylton often embarked on lengthy tours of England, which ultimately moulded the concept most Britons had of jazz.
The following year he was decorated by the French government, recorded with Paul Robeson, and made the first transatlantic entertainment broadcast with Paul Whiteman and his orchestra.
In late 1933, Hylton left Decca after refusing to take a pay cut, not making records until 1935 when he rejoined HMV.
That same year, Hylton finally was able to perform in the United States; he had repeatedly attempted this for almost a decade, but had been opposed by the musicians' unions (a 1929 tour was cancelled at the last minute).
Standard Oil signed Hylton for a radio show on CBS, not only paying him and his star players, but also paying all expenses for those band members unable to play in the US.
Union pressure led him to return to the UK in 1936, although Pat O'Malley and Alec Templeton stayed in America, making a name for themselves.
Hylton and his band also made a number of appearances on BBC television in the 1930s, on one of which Ernie Wise made his television debut.
The Jack Hylton orchestra disbanded in 1940 as many of its members were called up for service, although Jack continued to conduct orchestras for radio in the years to come, leading the Glenn Miller Orchestra when it visited England in 1943.
This helped to keep the orchestra going when its normal programme had ceased and it was on the edge of bankruptcy.
At this point in his career he became an impresario, discovering new stars and managing radio, film and theatre productions, from ballets to circuses.
There were rumours in 1954 that he would stand for Parliament from Bolton, where he was a prominent member of the local Labour Party branch.
In November 1955, he was contracted as Advisor of Light Entertainment to Associated-Rediffusion (A-R), winner of the London weekday franchise in the recently established ITV network.
He founded Jack Hylton Television Productions, Ltd. in that same month to produce a range of light entertainment programming exclusively for A-R.
In spite of their popularity, however, the company's productions were of low quality, with performers even apologising in front of millions of viewers at times.
However, required annual precipitation depends on factors such as distribution of rainfall over the year, temperatures over the year and fog presence, and definitions in other regions of the world differ considerably.
The latter would, for example, exclude a part of the temperate rain forests of western North America, as Coast Douglas-fir, one of its dominant tree species, requires stand-destroying disturbance to initiate a new cohort of seedlings.
For forests, canopy refers to the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms (neophytes, lanais, arboreal animals, etc.).
Temperate forests cover a large part of the Earth, but temperate rainforests only occur in a few regions around the world.
Most of these occur in oceanic moist climates: the Pacific temperate rain forests in Western North America (Southeastern Alaska to Central California), the Valdivian and Magellanic temperate rainforests of southwestern South America (Southern Chile and adjacent Argentina), pockets of rain forest in Northwestern Europe (southern Norway to northern Iberia), temperate rainforests of southeastern Australia (Tasmania and Victoria) and the New Zealand temperate rainforests (South Island's west coast).
Others occur in subtropical moist climates; South Africa's Knysna-Amatole coastal forests, the Colchan rainforests of the Black Sea region (southeast corner of Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia), the Caspian temperate rainforests of Iran and Azerbaijan, the mountain temperate rainforests along eastern Taiwan's Pacific coast, the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula along the length of the Baekdu Mountain Range and in the area surrounding Mt.
Additionally pockets of temperate rainforest occur in dreary climates that are not categorized by just annual precipitation but also number of cloudy days as well as number of days of measurable precipitation in the form of rain or snow.
In Western North America outside the Pacific Northwest, the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia (BC), northern Idaho and northwestern Montana, have more of a continental climate and have pockets of temperate coniferous rainforest.
In Eastern North America, there are scattered pockets of temperate rainforest along the Allegheny Plateau and adjacent parts of the Appalachian Mountains from West Virginia to New England.
A good example of these forests are found in Zoar Valley in Western New York (nearest major city is Buffalo, New York), Cook Forest State Park within the Allegheny National Forest (nearest major city is Pittsburgh), and Cathedral State Park in West Virginia.
In Eastern Asia, there are scattered pockets of temperate rainforest in what is known as the Russian Far East (Ussuri, Outer Manchuria, Sakhalin) in Asia where the climate is also continental in nature, but get enough precipitation and cloud cover to harbor significant pockets of temperate rainforest.
The mountainous coniferous forests of the Changbai Mountains bordering China and North Korea are also a good example, containing some of the richest high-elevation coniferous evergreen forests in East Asia.
A portion of the temperate rain forest region of North America, the largest area of temperate zone rain forests on the planet, is the Pacific temperate rain forests ecoregion which occur on west-facing coastal mountains along the Pacific coast of North America, from Kodiak Island in Alaska to northern California, and are part of the Nearctic ecozone.
In the different system established by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, this same general region is classed as the Pacific Maritime Ecozone by Environment Canada and as the Marine West Coast Forest and Northwestern Forested Mountains Level II ecoregions by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
In terms of the floristic province system used by botany, the bulk of the region is the Rocky Mountain Floristic Region but a small southern portion is part of the California Floristic Province.
Sub-ecoregions of the Pacific temperate rain forest ecoregion as defined by the WWF include the Northern Pacific coastal forests, Queen Charlotte Islands ecoregion, Vancouver Island ecoregion, British Columbia mainland coastal forests, Central Pacific coastal forests, Southern Cascades forests ecoregion, Klamath-Siskiyou coastal forests, and Northern California coastal forests ecoregions.
A common feature of Pacific temperate rain forests of North America is the Nurse log, a fallen tree which as it decays, provides ecological facilitation to seedlings.
Trees such as the Coast Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, Pacific Yew, and Vine Maple are more closely related to coniferous and deciduous trees in the temperate forests of East Asia.
Some of the largest expanses of old growth are found in Olympic National Park, Mount Rainier National Park, Tongass National Forest, Mount St. Helens National Monument, Redwood National Park, and throughout British Columbia (including British Columbia's Coastal Mountain Ranges), with the coastal Great Bear Rainforest containing the largest expanses of old growth temperate rainforest found in the world.
British Columbia's Rocky Mountains, Cariboo Mountains, Rocky Mountain Trench (east of Prince George) and the Columbia Mountains of Southeastern British Columbia (west of the Canadian Rocky Mountains that extend into parts of Idaho and Northwestern Montana in the USA), which include the Selkirk Mountains, Monashee Mountains, and the Purcell Mountains, have the largest stretch of interior temperate coniferous rain forests.
Some of the best interior rain forests are found in Mount Revelstoke National Park and Glacier National Park (Canada) in the Columbia Mountains.
Temperate rain forests are located in the southern Appalachian Mountains where orographic precipitation causes weather systems coming from the west and from the Gulf of Mexico to drop more precipitation than in surrounding areas.
The largest of these forest blocks are located in western North Carolina, northern Georgia, and far eastern Tennessee, largely in the Pisgah, Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National Forests and nearby Gorges State Park.
In addition, small areas in the highest elevations of the Great Smoky Mountains also receive substantial rainfall, with Clingmans Dome, for example, collecting about 2,000 mm of precipitation per year.
In higher elevation (over 1,980 metres (6,500 ft)), Fraser fir is dominant, in middle elevation (1,675 to 1,890 metres (5,495 to 6,201 ft)) red spruce and Fraser fir grow together, and in lower elevation (1,370 to 1,650 metres (4,490 to 5,410 ft)) red spruce is dominant.
Younger spruce and fir and shrubs like raspberry, blackberry, hobblebush, southern mountain cranberries, red elderberry, minniebush, southern bush honeysuckle are understory vegetation.
Below the spruce-fir forest, at around 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), are forests of American beech, yellow birch, maple birch, and oak.
The temperate rain forests of South America are located on the Pacific coast of southern Chile, on the west-facing slopes of the southern Chilean coast range, and the Andes Mountains in both Chile and Argentina down to the southern tip of South America, and are part of the Neotropic ecozone.
The Valdivian forests are a refuge for the Antarctic flora, and share many plant families and genera with the temperate rainforests of New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia.
In the Valdivian region the Andean Cordillera intercepts moist westerly winds along the Pacific coast during winter and summer months; these winds cool as they ascend the mountains, creating heavy rainfall on the mountains' west-facing slopes.
The tree line is at about 2,400 m in the northern part of the ecoregion (35°S), and descends to 1,000 m in the south of the Valdivian region.
The temperate rainforests of South Africa are part of the Knysna-Amatole forests that are located along South Africa's Garden Route between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth on the south-facing slopes of South Africa's Drakensberg Mountains facing the Indian Ocean.
This forest receives a lot of moisture as fog from the Indian Ocean, and resembles not only other temperate rain forests worldwide, but also the montane evergreen Afromontane forests that occur at higher elevations in southern and eastern Africa.
Temperate rainforest occurs in fragments across the north and west of Europe in countries such as southern Norway (see Scandinavian coastal conifer forests) and northern Spain.
Other temperate rainforest regions include areas of south eastern Europe such as mountains on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea, surrounding North Western Bulgaria along with the Black Sea.
The woodlands are variously referred to in Britain as Upland Oakwoods, Atlantic Oakwoods, Western Oakwoods or Temperate Rainforest, Caledonian forest, and colloquially as 'Celtic Rainforests'.
They are also listed in the British National Vegetation Classification as British NVC community W11 and British NVC community W17 depending on the ground flora.
The majority of surviving fragments of Atlantic Oakwoods in Britain occur on steep-sided slopes above rivers and lakes which have avoided clearance and intensive grazing pressure.
There are notable examples on the islands and shores of Loch Maree, Loch Sunart, Loch Lomond and one of the best preserved sites on the remote Taynish Peninsula in Argyll.
In England, they occur in the Lake District (Borrowdale Woods) and steep-sided riverine and estuarine valleys in Devon and Cornwall including the Fowey valley in Cornwall and the valley of the river Dart which flows off Dartmoor and has rainfall in excess of 2 metres per year.
The Colchian rainforests are found around both the southeast and west corners of the Black Sea starting in Bulgaria all the way to Turkey and Georgia and are part of the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion, together with the drier Euxine forests further west.
The area has multiple representatives of disjunct relict groups of plants with the closest relatives in Eastern Asia, southern Europe, and even North America.
Genetic data suggest that the Colchis temperate rainforest, during the Ice Age, was fragmented into smaller parts; in particular, evolutionary lineages of the Caucasian Salamander from the central and south-western Colchis remained isolated from one another during the entire Ice Age.
The protected area extends along the valley of the river Eume within the Ferrolterra municipalities of Pontedeume, Cabanas, A Capela, Monfero and As Pontes de García Rodríguez.
The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests ecoregion in northern Iran contains a jungle in the form of a rain forest which stretches from the east in the Khorasan province to the west in the Ardebil province, covering the other provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan.
The Elburz or Alborz mountain range is the highest mountain range in the Middle East which captures the moisture of the Caspian Sea to its north and forms subtropical and temperate rain forests in the northern part of Iran.
In southeast Azerbaijan, this ecoregion includes the Lankaran Lowland and the Talysh Mountains, the latter being evenly divided with Iran to the south.
These forests are found in eastern Taiwan and Taiwan's Central Mountain Ranges, part of the Taiwan subtropical evergreen forest region covering the higher elevations.
Jiri, in the southwest, forming the spine of the Korean Peninsula – and the southern coast and islands of the peninsula – including Jeju Island – feature a wide variety of conifers and broadleaf trees.
Major animals species, such as otters, small-eared cats, and badgers also call Hallyeohaesang National Park home, and overall there are 25 mammal species, 115 bird species, 16 reptile species, 1,566 insect species, and 24 freshwater fish species found among the forested, mountains islands.
Seoraksan National Park covers 398.539㎢ of mountainous forests near the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and is a UNESCO designated Biosphere Preservation District.
Over 2,000 animal species live in Seoraksan, including the Korean goral, musk deer, and there are also more than 1,400 rare plant species, such as the edelweiss.
Some of the best preserved examples of forest are found in Kirishima-Yaku National Park on the Island of Yakushima off of Kyūshū in a very wet climate (the annual rainfall is 4,000 to 10,000 mm depending on altitude).
Eucalypt forests are not classified as rainforests although some eucalypt forest types receive high annual rainfall (to over 2000 mm in Tasmania), and in the absence of fire they may develop to rainforest.
Cool-temperate rainforests are widespread in Tasmania (Tasmanian temperate rain forests ecoregion) and they can be found scattered from the World Heritage listed Border Ranges National Park and Lamington National Park on the NSW/Queensland border to Otway Ranges, Strzelecki Ranges, Dandenong Ranges and Tarra Bulga in Victoria.
Kaufman was born in New York City to a Jewish family on November 19, 1958, the son of Helen and Myron Kaufman.
At first Kaufman found the experience of working on a writing staff nerve-wracking and did not speak in the writer's room for the first few weeks.
On all these series Kaufman struggled to keep his material from being from adulterated or not produced at all, due to his unconventional writing and his quiet nature.
The script eventually reached Francis Ford Coppola, who passed it on to his then-son-in-law Jonze, who agreed to direct the film.
Kaufman won his first Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and third BAFTA for the film together with Gondry and French artist Pierre Bismuth.
Rather than make a conventional horror film, the two agreed to have the film deal with things they found frightening, such as mortality and life's brevity.
The film premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival where it split critics, with some calling it the best film of the year and others finding it pretentious.
The film's poor box office resulted in Kaufman finding it difficult to gain funding for scripts he has attached himself to as director.
Few details have been confirmed about the plot except that it is a musical comedy about internet anger culture and was set to star Jack Black, Nicolas Cage, Steve Carell, Kevin Kline, Catherine Keener, Paul Reubens, Jackie Weaver and Elizabeth Banks.
While struggling to get his directorial work made, Kaufman continued to work as a writer for hire, writing numerous unproduced screenplays.
The film is scheduled to be released in 2019; Kaufman will share writing credit with John Lee Hancock and Ness, both of whom worked on the script after Kaufman's draft.
Kaufman co-directed the film with Duke Johnson, who had previous experience in stop motion filmmaking, and the original cast of the play production returned to reprise their roles.
The project begun filming in March 2019, with Jessie Buckley having replaced Larson, and Toni Collette and David Thewlis joining the cast.
Kaufman's works explore such universal themes as identity crisis, mortality, and the meaning of life through a metaphysical or parapsychological framework.
Some writers and directors Kaufman has named as favorites of his, or as influences, are Franz Kafka, Samuel Beckett, Stanisław Lem, Flannery O'Connor, Shirley Jackson, Italo Svevo, David Lynch, Lars von Trier, Woody Allen and Patricia Highsmith.
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a 2004 American romantic science fiction tragicomedy film written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Michel Gondry.
The film uses elements of the psychological thriller and a nonlinear narrative to explore the nature of memory and romantic love.
The film developed a cult following in the years after its release and has come to be regarded by many critics as one of the best films of the 21st century and of the 2000's.
Shy, soft-spoken Joel Barish and unrestrained free spirit Clementine Kruczynski meet on a Long Island Rail Road train from Montauk to Rockville Centre.
Both had felt the need to travel to Montauk that day, and they almost immediately connect, feeling drawn to each other despite their contrasting personalities.
After a fight, Clementine had hired the New York City firm Lacuna, Inc. to erase all of her memories of their relationship.
Upon discovering this from his friends Rob and Carrie, Joel had been angered and saddened, deciding to undergo the procedure himself, a process that took place while he slept.
Joel finds himself revisiting his memories of Clementine in reverse and experiencing their erasure, starting from the downfall of their relationship.
As he comes across happier memories of Clementine early in their relationship, he attempts to preserve at least some memory of her and his love for her, trying to evade the procedure by taking his idealized memory of Clementine into memories not linked to her and attempting to wake up and stop the process.
Joel comes to the last remaining memory of Clementine, the day he had first met her at a beach house in Montauk.
This leads to both Joel and Clementine traveling to Montauk without understanding why they feel the need to, where they subsequently meet on the train.
Patrick, one of the Lacuna technicians performing the erasure, uses Joel's memories and his mementos of Clementine to seduce and date her in the present.
Mary, the Lacuna receptionist, is dating another technician, Stan, but has feelings for the head of Lacuna, Dr. Howard Mierzwiak, who is married.
During Joel's memory wipe, Mary discovers she had previously had an affair with Dr. Mierzwiak and agreed to have the affair erased from her memory after Dr. Mierzwiak's wife found out.
Devastated by this discovery and by the power of the procedure, Mary quits her job and steals the company's records, mailing all of Lacuna's clients the tapes of each client recounting their memories to be erased.
In the present, Joel and Clementine meet at the Montauk train station and are eager to begin what appears to be a new and exciting relationship.
When they both find their Lacuna records mailed to them by Mary, they are shocked and disturbed by the bitter memories they have of each other.
Clementine attempts to leave, saying that the relationship could end up going the same way it did in the tapes, but Joel pleads with her, sensing their deep connection.
The pair had met and become friends in the early 1980s during Gondry's drumming career in the French pop group Oui Oui.
Bismuth had conceived of the idea of erasing certain people from people's minds in response to a friend complaining about her boyfriend; when he asked her if she would erase that boyfriend from her memory, she said yes.
Bismuth originally was going to conduct an art experiment involving sending cards to people saying someone they knew had erased the card's recipient from their memory.
When he mentioned this to Gondry, they developed it into a story based on the situations that would arise if it were scientifically possible.
Due to the similarities, Kaufman became worried and tried to pull out of the project, but Golin made him complete it.
During writing, the pitch's ownership changed several times thus Kaufman did not have to deal with the studios until the end of the scriptwriting process.
Kaufman did not want to make the film a thriller and wanted to downplay the science fiction aspects of memory erasure, focusing on the relationship.
Kaufman resolved the first problem by making Joel lucid and able to comment on his memories and solved the second by making the memories degrade instead of immediately erasing, with complete erasure occurring at awakening.
The production crew recreated some key scenes, such as Joel's Yonkers apartment and the 1950s-style kitchen, in a New Jersey former U.S. Navy base.
Kuras disagreed with this choice and would get around it by lighting the room instead of the actors and by hiding light bulbs around the set to increase light levels.
Another issue the cinematographers encountered was due to the frequent improvisation, the lack of marks and the few rehearsals completed, the cinematographers often did not know where the actors would be.
Two handheld cameras filmed near 360-degree footage at all times, shooting 36,000 feet of film a day to deal with this.
Gondry called back to the work of famed French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard by filming using wheelchairs as well as using sled and chariot dollies instead of traditional dollies.
When using wheelchairs, the shot was not consistently smooth, however as Kuras liked the aesthetic of the low-angle, wobbly movement, the final film contains the footage.
The film used minimal CGI, with many effects accomplished in-camera, through forced perspectives, hidden space, spotlighting, unsynchronized sound, split focus and continuity editing.
A notable example is the ocean washing away the house in Montauk; the production team accomplished this by building the corner of a house on the beach and allowing the tide to rise.
Executing this effect was difficult as the special team hired to place the set in the water refused due to perceived dangers.
Gondry in response fired the team and had the production team, including the actors and producers, place the set in the water.
In the final film, Winslet plays Clementine straight, and degradation of settings and the intrusion of settings upon each other establish memory degradation visually.
Another script component that did not make it into the final film was the appearance of Naomi, Joel's girlfriend, played by Ellen Pompeo.
In the autumn 2008 issue of Screen Journal, Carol Vernallis argued that Gondry's experience in directing music videos contributed to the film's mise-en-scène and sound design.
Vernallis describes some threads of the visual, aural and musical motifs throughout the film, and how some motifs can work in counterpoint.
The film placed seventh in the weekend's box office, and remained in theaters for 19 weeks, earning $34,400,301 in the United States and $37,857,825 in international markets for a total of $72,258,126 worldwide.
Critics praised Kaufman and his ambition, and he won numerous awards for his efforts, including an Academy Award and a BAFTA for Best Original Screenplay.
In October 2016, Anonymous Content announced they would be working with Universal Cable Productions to produce a television series based on the film.
Acacia aneura, commonly known as mulga or true mulga, is a shrub or small tree native to arid outback areas of Australia.
It is the dominant tree in the habitat that it gives its name to (mulga) that occurs across much of inland Australia.
Although generally small in size, mulgas are long-lived, a typical life span for a tree undisturbed by fire is of the order of 200 to 300 years.
These are optimised for low water loss, with a high oil content, sunken stomata, and a profusion of tiny hairs which reduce transpiration.
During dry periods, mulgas drop much of their foliage to the ground, which provides an extra layer of mulch and from where the nutrients can be recycled.
The needle-like phyllodes stand erect to avoid as much of the midday sun as possible and capture the cooler morning and evening light.
Any rain that falls is channeled down the phyllodes and branches to be collected in the soil immediately next to the trunk, providing the tree with a more than threefold increase in effective rainfall.
The roots also harbour bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen and thus help deal with the very old, nutrient-poor soils in which the species grows.
Both summer and winter rainfall are necessary to maintain mulga, and the species is absent from semiarid regions that experience summer or winter drought.
The extent of ground cover in mulga woodlands varies with canopy density of the overstorey, becoming almost nonexistent in extremely dense stands.
In contrast to the eucalypt woodlands that dominate much of Australia, mulga woodlands are not well adapted to regular fire and species in mulga communities vary in their ability to survive fires.
Many species, including mulga, have a very limited ability to resprout after fire, and rely instead on mechanisms of seed production for species survival.
Many plants produce hard, woody fruits or seeds, which can not only survive intense heat, but also may require the stimulus of fire to scarify and promote germination.
Despite containing considerable amounts of indigestible tannins, mulga leaves are a valuable fodder source, particularly in times of drought, as they are palatable to stock and provide up to 12% crude protein.
Mulga was a vital tree to indigenous Australians in Central Australia; the wood was a good hardwood for making various implements, such as digging sticks, woomeras, shields and wooden bowls.
Brown, William Cove, Robert Forgan, J. F. Horrabin, James Lovat-Fraser, John McGovern, John James McShane, Frank Markham, H. T. Muggeridge, Morgan Philips Price, Charles Simmons, and John Strachey.
The party was formed from six of the Labour MPs who signed the Mosley Manifesto (Mosley and his wife, Baldwin, Brown, Forgan and Strachey), although two (Baldwin and Brown) resigned membership after a day and sat in the House of Commons as independent MPs; Strachey resigned in June.
With a threadbare organisation they polled some 16% of the vote, splitting the Labour vote and allowing a Conservative to be returned to the Commons.
At the 1931 general election the New Party contested 25 seats, but only Mosley himself, and a candidate in Merthyr Tydfil (Sellick Davies stood against only one Independent Labour Party (ILP) candidate in Merthyr, while Mosley stood against both Conservative and Labour candidates in Stoke) polled a decent number of votes, and three candidates lost their deposits.
He favoured granting wide-ranging powers to the government, with only general control by Parliament and creating a five-member Cabinet without specific portfolio, similar to the War Cabinet adopted during the First World War.
His economic strategy broadly followed Keynesian thinking and suggested widespread investment into housing to provide work and improve housing standards overall, while also supporting protectionism with proposals for high tariffs walls.
The New Party's sharp turn to the right led previous supporters such as John Strachey and Harold Nicolson to leave it.
In 1932 Mosley united most of the various fascist organisations in the UK, forming the British Union of Fascists, into which the New Party subsumed itself.
In other words, a solution is an expression or a collection of expressions (one for each unknown) such that, when substituted for the unknowns, the equation becomes an identity.
A solution of an equation is often also called a root of the equation, particularly but not only for algebraic or numerical equations.
Solving an equation numerically means that only numbers represented explicitly as numerals (not as an expression involving variables), are admitted as solutions.
Solving an equation symbolically means that expressions that may contain known variables or possibly also variables not in the original equation are admitted as solutions.
Instantiating a symbolic solution with specific numbers always gives a numerical solution; for example, gives (that is, and ) and gives .
Note that the distinction between known variables and unknown variables is made in the statement of the problem, rather than the equation.
When writing polynomials, the coefficients are usually taken to be known and the indeterminates to be unknown, but depending on the problem, all variables may assume either role.
Depending on the problem, the task may be to find any solution (finding a single solution is enough) or all solutions.
Note that the set of solutions can be the empty set (there are no solutions), a singleton (there is exactly one solution), finite, or infinite (there are infinitely many solutions).
The solution set of a given set of equations or inequalities is the set of all its solutions, a solution being a tuple of values, one for each unknown, that satisfies all equations or inequalities.
Its solution set is {}, the empty set, since 2 is not the square of an integer, so no integer solves this equation.
The methods for solving equations generally depend on the type of equation, both the kind of expressions in the equation and the kind of values that may be assumed by the unknowns.
But this also reflects that, in general, no such method can exist: some problems are known to be unsolvable by an algorithm, such as Hilbert's tenth problem, which was proved unsolvable in 1970.
For several classes of equations, algorithms have been found for solving them, some of which have been implemented and incorporated in computer algebra systems, but often require no more sophisticated technology than pencil and paper.
In some other cases, heuristic methods are known that are often successful but that are not guaranteed to lead to success.
If the solution set of an equation is restricted to a finite set (as is the case for equations in modular arithmetic, for example), or can be limited to a finite number of possibilities (as is the case with some Diophantine equations), the solution set can be found by brute force, that is, by testing each of the possible values (candidate solutions).
It may be the case, though, that the number of possibilities to be considered, although finite, is so huge that an exhaustive search is not practically feasible; this is, in fact, a requirement for strong encryption methods.
If a guess, when tested, fails to be a solution, consideration of the way in which it fails may lead to a modified guess.
Polynomial equations of degree up to four can be solved exactly using algebraic methods, of which the quadratic formula is the simplest example.
In some other cases, in particular if the equation is in one unknown, it is possible to solve the equation for rational-valued unknowns (see Rational root theorem), and then find solutions to the Diophantine equation by restricting the solution set to integer-valued solutions.
Often, root-finding algorithms like the Newton–Raphson method can be used to find a numerical solution to an equation, which, for some applications, can be entirely sufficient to solve some problem.
A particular class of problem that can be considered to belong here is integration, and the analytic methods for solving this kind of problems are now called symbolic integration.
It focuses on a lone character called Snowman, who finds himself in a bleak situation with only creatures called Crakers to keep him company.
It was shortlisted for the 2003 Man Booker Prize for Fiction, as well as for the 2004 Orange Prize for Fiction.
Flashbacks reveal that Snowman was once a boy named Jimmy who grew up in a world dominated by multinational corporations and privileged compounds for the families of their employees.
Near starvation, Snowman decides to return to the ruins of a compound named RejoovenEsense to search for supplies, even though it is overrun by dangerous genetically engineered hybrid animals.
In Snowman's recollection of past events, Jimmy's family moves to the HelthWyzer compound, where his father works as a genetic engineer.
During one of their child pornography viewings, Jimmy is very much lovestruck by the gazing eyes of a young girl seen in the porn.
After graduating from high school, Crake attends the highly respected Watson-Crick Institute, where he studies advanced bioengineering, but Jimmy ends up at the loathed Martha Graham Academy, where students study humanities, only valued for their propaganda applications.
Crake uses his prominent position to create the Crakers, peaceful, gentle, herbivorous humanoids who have sexual intercourse only during limited polyandrous breeding seasons.
Crake tells Jimmy about another very important project, a Viagra-like super-pill called BlyssPluss, which also promises health and happiness, but secretly causes sterilization in order to address overpopulation.
At the Rejoov compound, Jimmy eventually sees a human in the Craker habitat and recognizes her as the girl from the pornographic video.
Unaware of Jimmy's obsession with her, Crake explains that her name is Oryx and that he has hired her as a teacher for the Crakers.
He also makes a promise to both Oryx and Crake that he will look after the Crakers if anything happens to them.
After Crake's wonder drug BlyssPluss is widely distributed, a global pandemic, deliberately caused by it, breaks out and begins wiping out the human race and causing mass chaos outside of the protected Rejoov compound.
Realizing that this was planned by Crake all along, and sensing that something dangerous is happening regarding Crake and Oryx, Jimmy grabs a gun to confront Crake, who is returning with Oryx from outside the compound and needs Jimmy to let them in.
Crake presents himself to Jimmy with his arm around an unconscious Oryx, saying that he and Jimmy are immune to the virus.
In March 2001, Atwood found herself in the Northern region of Australia, birdwatching with her partner during a break from the book tour.
However, Atwood explained that the work was also a product of her lingering thoughts on such a scenario throughout her life, as well as spending a great amount of time with scientists throughout her childhood.
Several of my close relatives are scientists, and the main topic at the annual family Christmas dinner is likely to be intestinal parasites or sex hormones in mice, or, when that makes the non-scientists too queasy, the nature of the Universe.
Atwood continued to write the novel through the summer of 2001 while visiting the Arctic North, witnessing global warming's effect on the region.
He has the feeling he's quoting from a book, some obsolete, ponderous directive written in aid of European colonials running plantations of one kind or another.
The exhibitionistic website At Home With Anna K, for instance, is almost certainly a reference to Ana Voog's AnaCam and the lifecasting movement pioneered by Jennifer Ringley and her now-defunct JenniCam website.
Even the seemingly far-fetched idea of broadcasting live executions (which Jimmy and Crake watch on shortcircuit.com, brainfrizz.com, and deathrowlive.com) has already been discussed, with a high percentage of the U.S. population receptive to the concept.
Though chronicling a different set of characters, the follow-up expands upon and clarifies the relationships of Crake with Oryx and Jimmy with his high school girlfriend Ren.
The project was formerly being developed for HBO; in 2016 Aronofsky said that the network was no longer attached, but confirmed that the scripts were written and the project was still underway.
In January 2018, Paramount Television and Anonymous Content announced they had won the bidding war for rights to Atwood's MaddAddam book trilogy and plan to bring the series to cable or video on demand.
The Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public (AZCSP, Russian language: Антисионистский комитет советской общественности, АКСО) was a body formed in 1983 in the Soviet Union as an anti-Zionist propaganda tool.
The fundamental idea of the anti-Zionist manifesto was that potential Jewish emigrants from the Soviet Union were to be considered enemies of the Soviet Union.
From late 1944, Joseph Stalin adopted a pro-Zionist foreign policy, apparently believing that the new country would be socialist and would speed the decline of British influence in the Middle East.
Accordingly, in November 1947, the Soviet Union, together with the other Soviet bloc countries voted in favor of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which paved the way for the creation of the State of Israel.
By 1983, the Soviet regime needed a new propaganda weapon in the Cold War, as well as against increasingly active internal dissident movement, to arrest or discredit the mass emigration of Soviet Jews and to alleviate the Arab concerns about its effects on Israel's demographics.
David Abramovich Dragunsky, Colonel-General, twice Hero of the Soviet Union and World War II hero (he was the commander of the 55th Guards Tank Brigade), well known inside the country and abroad, was designated its chairman.
By the end of the 1980s, with the new policies of glasnost and perestroika, and with the impending dissolution of the Soviet Union, the old Soviet regime had lost its stability and many of those plans had to be cancelled.
Otto Loewi (3 June 1873 – 25 December 1961) was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter.
For his discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, who was a lifelong friend who helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment.
He went to study medicine at the University of Strasbourg (then part of Germany) in 1891, where he attended courses by famous professors Gustav Schwalbe, Oswald Schmiedeberg, and Bernhard Naunyn among others.
Soon, however, after seeing the high mortality in countless cases of far-advanced tuberculosis and pneumonia, left without any treatment because of lack of therapy, he decided to drop his intention to become a clinician and instead to carry out research in basic medical science, in particular pharmacology.
As a result of his work on the action of phlorhizin, a glucoside provoking glycosuria, and another one on nuclein metabolism in man, he was appointed «Privatdozent» (Lecturer) in 1900.
Two years later he published his paper «Über Eiweisssynthese im Tierkörper» (On protein synthesis in the animal body), proving that animals are able to rebuild their proteins from their degradation products, the amino acids – an essential discovery with regard to nutrition.
In 1902 Loewi was a guest researcher in Ernest Starling's laboratory in London, where he met his lifelong friend Henry Dale.
In 1903, he accepted an appointment at the University of Graz in Austria, where he would remain until being forced out of the country in 1938.
Loewi moved to the United States in 1940, where he became a research professor at the New York University College of Medicine.
Shortly after Loewi's death in late 1961, his youngest son bestowed the gold Nobel medal on the Royal Society in London.
He gave the Nobel diploma to the University of Graz in Austria in 1983, where it currently resides, along with a bronze copy of a bust of Loewi.
The original of the bust is at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Loewi's summer home from his arrival in the US until his death.
While pharmacology experiments had established that physiological responses such as muscle contraction could be induced by chemical application, there was no evidence that cells released chemical substances to cause these responses.
On the contrary, researchers had shown that physiological responses could be caused by applying an electrical impulse, which suggested that electrical transmission may be the only mode of endogenous signaling.
In the early 20th century the controversy of whether cells used chemical or electrical transmission divided even the most prominent scientists.
According to Loewi, the idea for his key experiment came to him in his sleep, causing him to go directly to the laboratory in the middle of the night.
He dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate attached, the other heart on its own.
The application of the liquid made the second heart also beat slower, proving that some soluble chemical released by the vagus nerve was controlling the heart rate.
His experiment was iconic because it was the first to demonstrate the endogenous release of a chemical substance that could cause a response in the absence of electrical stimulation.
It paved the way for the understanding that the electrical signaling event (action potential) causes a chemical event (release of neurotransmitter from synapses) that is ultimately the effector on the tissue.
On Easter Saturday 1921, he dreamed of an experiment that would prove once and for all that transmission of nerve impulses was chemical, not electrical.
Thirteen years later, Loewi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he shared with Sir Henry Hallett Dale.
Loewi observed the removing the pancreas from dogs, giving them an experimental form of diabetes led a change of the response of the eye to adrenaline: this compound in normal dogs has no effect, but in the dogs without a pancreas the pupil dilated.
Surgeons used this as a diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis, which was based on Loewi's observation of such a phenomenon in dogs that had had their pancreas removed.
The usefulness of this test was reported in a case series of two patients; it was, as expected, negative in a case involving carcinoma of the bile duct, but positive in a case of pancreatitis.
Its flagship project is the National Cycle Network, which has created of signed cycle routes throughout the UK including of traffic-free paths.
It administers several thousand volunteers who contribute their time to the charity in numerous ways, such as cleaning and maintaining the National Cycle Network, enhancing biodiversity along the routes, leading walks and rides and supporting communities to improve their air quality.
Sustrans was formed in Bristol in July 1977 as Cyclebag by a group of cyclists and environmentalists, motivated by emerging doubts about the desirability of over-dependence on the private car, following the 1973 oil crisis, and the almost total lack of specific provision for cyclists in most British cities, in contrast to some other European countries.
One such railway was the former Midland Railway line between central Bristol and Bath, closed in favour of the more direct, former Great Western Railway between the cities.
Sustrans leased part of the old route with the help of Avon County Council (Bristol and Bath were then part of the County of Avon) and turned it into its first route, the Bristol & Bath Railway Path.
British Waterways collaborated with Sustrans to improve towpaths along some canals, which resulted in greatly increased use of the towpaths, especially by cyclists.
In 2015, Sustrans ran the Campaign for Safer Streets, which encouraged people to write to David Cameron to encourage him to commit to funding safer walking and cycling routes to schools.
Sustrans currently has many sources of funding, and in the 2004/05 financial year, its income was £23.6 million: £2.1 million from supporters' donations, £8.5 million came from the Department for Transport and a further £2.5 million from the National Opportunities Fund specifically for the Safe Routes projects.
It was a survey of residents in seven UK cities, undertaken in conjunction with local councils and transport authorities, attempting to assess the current state of cycling in the UK.
The National Cycle Network was officially opened in June 2000, when had been completed, although some routes had been open for over a decade.
In urban areas, almost 20% of the network is free from motor traffic, though these sections can account for up to 80% of use.
The data collected by Sustrans to compile monitoring reports, from traffic counters and user surveys, showed that National Cycle Network usage is predominantly urban and on traffic-free sections.
In 2018, Sustrans published the National Cycle Network Review: Paths for Everyone report which reviewed the quality and usage of the Network and set out a vision for its future.
Sustrans has opponents within organisations that wish to reduce road haulage and motor travel by promoting the expansion of the modern railway network.
It has been accused of being uncompromising on route sharing; for example, it allowed a single-track railway adjacent to a cycle path on a double-track railway formation.
In 2000, several mainline railways were full to capacity, yet requests by EWS and English China Clays to reopen lost rail links for freight paths such as the former Weedon to Leamington Spa line were refused by the charity.
Sustrans refused to support the application unless the rail promoter provided an alternative cycle track; EWS responded it was an uneconomic provision for both reopening and building replacement pathway expenses.
Sustrans have occasionally been criticised by other cycling organisations and activists over allegedly giving approval to cycle facilities regarded by critics as inadequate or dangerous, allowing local councils and similar bodies to refute criticism by pointing out that Sustrans have approved of the design being questioned.
In 2016, the University of the West of England's Centre for Transport and Society identified shared use designs, and in particular Sustrans Design Guidance which encouraged such designs, as a source of conflict between pedestrians and cyclists and a cause for frustration among those campaigning for better cycling infrastructure provision.
Connect2 was a UK-wide project that aimed to improve local travel in 79 communities by creating new walking and cycling routes.
Sustrans launched the 'Connect2' project in August 2006 in a successful bid to win £50 million from the Big Lottery's 'Living Landmarks; The People's Millions' competition.
Lantmarskalk, () was the title of one of the speakers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates, from 1627 to 1866 and of the Diet of Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906.
The Lantmarskalk should not be confused with the Riksmarsk (Lord High Constable of Sweden) or the Riksmarskalk (Marshal of the Realm), which were Great Officers of the Realm and royal appointees.
Between approximately 1720 and 1772 two parties Hats and Caps were active during a short period of parliamentary rule, referred to as the age of liberty.
Harden–Murrumburrah is a township and community in the Hilltops Region and is located in the South West Slopes of New South Wales in Australia and is adjacent to both the Canberra region of the Australian Capital Territory and the Riverina Region in the southwest area of NSW.
The town is a twin town between Harden and Murrumburrah (which is noted as one of the earliest settlements in the southwest of New South Wales).
The town is traversed by the Burley Griffin Way, the major link from and between the Riverina and the Hume Highway near Yass, and ultimately Sydney, Canberra and the coast.
The Olympic Highway traverses the western end of the shire and is the major link through the central west to the Blue Mountains and from there to the Sydney region.
Harden railway station was opened one km east of Murrumburrah on the Main Southern line in 1877 as Murrumburrah, but changed its name to Harden a year after the opening of a new station in Murrumburrah in 1879.
From 1906 until 2016 Harden–Murrumburrah was the seat of its own local council, but was amalgamated in 2016 to form Hilltops Council.
Harden railway station is served by two daily NSW TrainLink XPT services between Melbourne and Sydney in each direction and the twice weekly Xplorer service between Griffith and Sydney.
NSW TrainLink trial road coach services 703 and 704 between Wagga Wagga and Canberra via Cootamundra pass through Harden, but as at September 2019 do not pick up or drop off passengers there.
Intrigue won a recording contract with Elektra Records, and Fears met up with Brandi Williams at a talent show while a member of that group.
After Lopes's death in a car crash in Honduras on April 25, 2002, they signed with Elektra Records and after Reed gave birth to a son, they began work on their third album.
An alternate version of the shelved album was released to iTunes on May 22, 2007, but was later on taken down.
The album was scheduled to be released exclusively to iTunes in 2008, nearly five years after its completion by Music World Entertainment, but this was canceled.
The Vunivalu and the Roko Tui Bau (sacred chieftain) had had many power struggles during the course of nearly a century.
These struggles led to the death of Seru's paternal uncle, the Vunivalu of Bau, Naulivou Ramatenikutu and the installation of Tanoa as Vunivalu.
However, after he slew the Roko Tui Bau, Ratu Raiwalui, near Vanua Balavu, amongst other murders and reprisals, Tanoa was exiled in 1832.
He subsequently gained power in 1837 when he persuaded the Lasakau people to overthrow the Roko Tui Bau Vuani-ivi clan led by Ratu Ravulo Vakayaliyalo.
Claiming that Bau had suzerainty over the remainder of Fiji, he asserted that he was, in fact, the King of Fiji.
The last, brief rebellion of chiefs against Cakobau's rule culminated in the Battle of Kaba (a village in Bau Tikina, next to Bau Island).
Having become a Christian, Cakobau on the battlefield pardoned all the captives; in accordance with pagan Fijian customs, the defeated men would have been ceremonially humiliated, killed, and eaten.
On 8 May 1865, a Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti was established (comprising Bau, Bua, Cakaudrove, Lakeba, Macuata, Naduri), with Cakobau as Chairman of the General Assembly.
Two years later, however, the confederacy split into the Kingdom of Bau and the Confederation of Lau (comprising Bua, Cakaudrove, Lau), with Cakobau assuming kingship of the former.
Supported by foreign settlers, he finally succeeded in creating a united Fijian kingdom in 1871, and established Levuka as his capital.
The United States government had recognised Cakobau's claim to kingship over a united Fijian nation, long before his claims were accepted by his fellow chiefs.
The American government held him responsible for an arson attack against the Nukulau Island home of John Brown William, the American Consul, in 1849 (before Cakobau was even the Vunivalu, let alone King), and demanded $44,000 compensation.
Unable to pay the debt caused by the Rewan Chiefs, and fearing an American invasion and annexation, Cakobau decided to cede the islands to the United Kingdom.
Cakobau retained his position as Fiji's second most senior chief the title of Vunivalu of Bau, and formally ceded the highest and most precedent Chiefly title of Tui Viti or Paramount Chief of Fiji to the person of Her Majesty Queen Victoria.
This title continued to be held by her descendants, until the de-establishment of the Great Council of Chiefs on 14 March 2012, making Elizabeth II the last Paramount Chief.
A number of other political figures are also descendants of Cakobau, including Roko Tupou Draunidalo, President of the National Federation Party and a Member of Parliament since 2014.
Roustabout is a 1964 American musical feature film starring Elvis Presley as a singer who takes a job working with a struggling carnival.
The film was produced by Hal Wallis and directed by John Rich from a screenplay by Anthony Lawrence and Allan Weiss.
Musician Charlie Rogers is fired from a job at a teahouse after brawling with several college students in the parking lot.
When Charlie tries to become friendly with Cathy, Joe forces him off the road and the bike is wrecked after crashing into a wooden fence.
Maggie offers him a place to stay and a job with her struggling traveling carnival while the bike is being repaired.
After the two men repeatedly clash and Charlie is accused of holding back a customer's lost wallet that Joe was accused of stealing, Charlie leaves to star in the much better financed show of rival carnival producer Harry Carver.
The film finished as #28 on the year-end list of the top-grossing movies of 1964 and earned $3 million at the box office.
The film's screenwriters, Anthony Lawrence and Allan Weiss, were nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical.
As of 2011, with an estimated population of 1.2 billion, India is the world's second most populous country after the People's Republic of China.
The Indo-Gangetic plains have one of the world's biggest stretches of fertile flat-deep alluvium and are among the most densely populated areas of the world.
The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.
Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu has the fastest growth rate of 55.1 percent, followed by Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent).
Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499.
On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million).
The five states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh account for almost half (47.90 percent) of the total Indian population.
While the national average for sex ratio shows an increase from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011, the 2011 census shows a sharp decline in child sex ratio, the number of females per thousand males in a population between age group 0–6 years.
States such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Islands recorded an increase in child sex ratio.
Peter Henry Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith (born 5 January 1950) is a British barrister and a former Attorney General for England and Wales and for Northern Ireland.
On 22 June 2007, Goldsmith announced his resignation which took effect on 27 June 2007, the same day that prime minister, Tony Blair, stepped down.
He is currently head of European litigation practice at US law firm Debevoise & Plimpton and Vice Chairperson of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre.
He took silk in 1987 and became a Deputy High Court Judge in 1994 and he was elected the youngest ever chairman of the Bar of England and Wales in 1995.
He was raised to the peerage as a Labour peer in 1999, as Baron Goldsmith, of Allerton in the County of Merseyside.
One of his first acts was to discuss breaches of the injunction against publishing the whereabouts of the offenders in the murder of James Bulger.
Goldsmith has also held a number of posts in international legal organisations, including Council Member of the International Bar Association (IBA) and of the Union Internationale des Avocats.
Between 1997 and 2000 he was Chairman of the Financial Reporting Review Panel, a non-departmental public body responsible for enforcing financial reporting standards.
In 2006, Goldsmith gave a speech at the Royal United Services Institute, calling for the closure of the US detention camp at Guantanamo Bay.
On 17 February 2007, the Mail on Sunday reported that Goldsmith, who is married, had been having an affair with Kim Hollis QC.
The nature of Goldsmith's legal advice to the Government over the legality of the 2003 invasion of Iraq was a significant political issue at the time.
Goldsmith's original memo to the Prime Minister written on 30 January 2003 opined that UN Resolution 1441 did not sanction the use of force and that a further resolution would be required before military action.
A subsequent memo written on 7 March 2003 was eventually leaked to the press, which led to its official publication on 28 April 2005.
In the memo, Lord Goldsmith discussed whether the use of force in Iraq could legally be justified by Iraq's 'material breach', as established in UN Security Council Resolution 1441, of its ceasefire obligations as imposed by Security Council Resolution 687 at the end of the First Gulf War.
In his final advice to the Government, written on 17 March 2003, Goldsmith stated that the use of force in Iraq was lawful.
This advice stated Goldsmith's preferred view in more unequivocal terms than his earlier memo, without reference to the doubts expressed therein.
This has led to allegations that Goldsmith succumbed to political pressure to find legal justification for the use of force against Iraq.
Shortly after the leak Goldsmith released a statement in response to such allegations, saying that the two documents were consistent, pointing to the difference in the nature of the two documents and to the firm assurances he claims to have had received between 7 and 17 March that Iraq was indeed in breach of its obligations under Security Council resolutions.
The controversy was heightened by the resignation of Elizabeth Wilmshurst, deputy legal adviser at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, on 20 March 2003.
In this, Wilmshurst stated that the reason for her resignation was that she did not agree with the official opinion that the use of force in Iraq was legal.
Goldsmith gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 27 January 2010, in which he was asked to explain his position on the legality of the invasion of Iraq.
In August 2008, Goldsmith qualified as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of England and Wales to become a full equity partner of the firm (and so share in the firm's profits and acquire an ownership share in the firm).
The same report said that he would have expected to earn more than that if he had resumed practice at the English Bar.
Upon leaving office, former Attorneys General usually return to practise at the Bar, often at the chambers which they left upon appointment as Attorney.
Unlike the position with retired Lords Chancellor, there is no prohibition on an Attorney General returning to practise at the Bar.
As a former Minister and holder of public office, Goldsmith had to accept a number of restrictions on his freedom to practise for two years after leaving office.
The restrictions are imposed by the prime minister on the advice of the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, a branch of the Cabinet Office.
For two years after leaving office, he was required to stand aside from dealing with any matter about which he had confidential or privileged information acquired while he was Attorney General.
Goldsmith was a lawyer of famous Georgian businessman Badri Patarkatsishvili who spent the final day in his office, before collapsing and dying of a heart attack at his Leatherhead mansion.
Since 2004, the Komische Oper Berlin, along with the Berlin State Opera, the Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Berlin State Ballet, and the Bühnenservice Berlin (Stage and Costume Design), has been a member of the Berlin Opera Foundation.
Around 800 people could be seated in the stalls, and the balconies and various en-suite dinner rooms housed about a further 1,700 seats.
The theatre was completely rebuilt in 1965/1966 by Architektenkollektiv Kunz Nierade, adding functional extensions and giving the theatre a completely new exterior.
In 2004, due to budgetary problems, the separate ballet companies of Berlin's three opera houses were merged into a single company called the Staatsballett Berlin.
Past General Music Directors (GMD) of the company have included Kurt Masur, Rolf Reuter, Yakov Kreizberg, Kirill Petrenko, Carl St.Clair, and Patrick Lange.
There is no position of Attorney General of the United Kingdom, as England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have different legal systems.
Crown Melbourne (also referred to as Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex) is a casino and resort located on the south bank of the Yarra River, in Melbourne, Australia.
Initially having opened in 1994 on the north bank of the Yarra, Crown Melbourne relocated and re–opened on the south bank of the Yarra, in 1997.
The entire complex has a space of 510,000 m²—the equivalent to two city blocks—making it the largest casino complex in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the largest in the world.
The complex also hosts four hotels, Crown Towers, Crown Promenade, and Crown Metropol, with a fourth hotel approved for construction which is expected to commence in 2018.
The casino is accessible by tram routes 12, 58, 96, 109 which all pass near Southern Cross railway station and the Melbourne City Centre.
Crown's casino complex opened on 8 May 1997, after moving from a temporary location that opened on 30 June 1994 on the north bank of the Yarra.
It was designed by a team of architects and interior designers working in collaboration, including : Bates Smart, Perrott Lyon Mathieson and Daryl Jackson (in association).
Principal practitioners included architects Lyndon Hayward, Bob Sinclair, Peter Dredge, and Hamish Lyon, and interior designers Jeff Copolov, Paul Hecker, Jackie Johnston, Kathy Hall, Fiona Ennis, Jan Eastwood, and Kerry Phelan.
It is one of the central features of the Southbank area in the central business district and the Crown Towers fronts onto the waterfront as part of Southbank Promenade.
Children under the age of 18 are permitted into the entertainment and shopping section of complex, but not into the gaming area or areas serving alcohol.
The entire complex has a space of 510,000 m², making it the largest casino complex in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the largest in the world.
It is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week except on Christmas Day, Good Friday and Anzac Day when it is closed from 4 a.m. to midday.
Amongst other games, Crown provides the six main casino games of blackjack, craps, pai gow, poker, baccarat and roulette and it was also the first to introduce an electronic version of roulette known as Rapid Roulette.
This variation enormously increases the house advantage from around 0.5% in the higher denomination tables, to around 5%, making its odds comparable to double-zero roulette.
As well as three card poker on the main gaming floor, Crown has also offers varieties of poker including Texas hold 'em.
Starting in 2013, it became home to the World Series of Poker Asia-Pacific, the latest expansion of the World Series of Poker.
Crown Casino has 3,500 poker machines on the casino floor, with values ranging from one cent to one dollar, as well as a few two- and five-dollar machines in the VIP areas.
Slot machines at Crown are made by Aristocrat, Ainsworth Gaming Technology (AGT), IGT, Konami and SHFL entertainment/Shuffle Master and WMS Gaming, the latter using Shuffle Master machines.
The regulator overseeing the casino's activities, and to whom grievances can be addressed, is the Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation (VCGR).
The Crown Entertainment Complex has a rewards program where members earn points on every dollar spent at most outlets within the Crown complex.
Notable guests at the Crown Towers, Crown Metropol and Crown Promenade Hotels have included Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes, Kim Kardashian, Katy Perry, Nicole Kidman, Rachel Griffiths, One Direction, Keanu Reeves, Kerry Packer, Tiger Woods and Neil Murray and many other high-profile celebrities and politicians.
Roger Federer, and several other tennis players often stay at the Casino during the Australian Open, partly due to the rooftop tennis courts which can be used for training.
It has played host to some of Australia's premier functions, including the annual TV Week Logie Awards, Brownlow Medal, Melbourne Victory Player of the Year Medal, Allan Border Medal and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix ball.
Water veneers the textured granite faces of six towers that are located on a promenade at the Crown Casino along the Yarra River in Melbourne.
In 2013, a man with access to the video feeds from Crown's security cameras via an accomplice cheated the casino out of $33 million.
In September 2015, Rochelle Nolan the fiancée and de facto wife of entertainer/comedian Russell Gilbert, took her own life after a battle with depression and was found deceased in one of the rooms of the hotel.
In 2016, eighteen employees of Crown Casino were detained by Chinese police after having been accused of resorting to gambling crimes.
MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after the AES2 conference in March 1999, where it was voted as the fifth and last finalist algorithm.
The MARS design team included Don Coppersmith, who had been involved in the creation of the previous Data Encryption Standard (DES) twenty years earlier.
IBM's official report stated that MARS and Serpent were the only two finalists to implement any form of safety net with regard to would-be advances in cryptographic mathematics.
Thus, there are always two inputs that are unchanged through the multiplication process regardless of the subkey, and two others which have fixed output regardless of the subkey.
A meet-in-the-middle attack published in 2004 by John Kelsey and Bruce Schneier can break 21 out of 32 rounds of MARS.
It is headquartered in the Opera House on the coast of the Töölönlahti bay in Töölö, which opened in 1993, and is state-owned through Senate Properties.
During its six years of operation, Bergbom’s opera company had given 450 performances of a total of 26 operas, and the company had managed to demonstrate that opera can be sung in Finnish too.
After the disbandment of the Finnish Opera, the opera audiences of Helsinki had to confine themselves to performances of visiting opera companies and occasional opera productions at the Finnish National Theatre.
A group of notable social and cultural figures, led by the international star soprano Aino Ackté, founded the Domestic Opera in 1911.
In 1956, the Finnish Opera was, in turn, taken over by the Foundation of the Finnish National Opera, and acquired its present name.
Between 1918 and 1993 the home of the opera was the Alexander Theater, which had been assigned to the company on a permanent basis.
When the first dedicated opera house in Finland was finally completed and inaugurated in 1993, the old opera house was given back its original name, the Alexander Theater, after the Tsar Alexander II.
The Finnish National Opera has some 30 permanently engaged solo singers, a professional choir of 60 singers and its own orchestra of 120 members.
Past music directors and chief conductors have included Armas Järnefelt (1932–36), Tauno Pylkkänen (1960–1967), Okko Kamu (1996–2000), Muhai Tang (2003–2006), and Mikko Franck (2006–2013).
With the 2013–2014 season, the Finnish mezzo-soprano Lilli Paasikivi became artistic director of the company, and the German conductor Michael Güttler became principal conductor with the company.
In August 2017, the company announced the appointment of Patrick Fournillier as its new principal guest conductor, effective with the 2017–2018 season.
In May 2019, the company announced the appointment of Hannu Lintu as its next chief conductor, effective from 1 January 2022 to 30 June 2026.
In December 2017, the company announced the appointment of Madeleine Onne as the next artistic director of Finnish National Ballet, effective August 2018.
Formerly the frontman of the short-lived bands Kat Kool & the Kool Cats, Streetband and Q-Tips, he was turned into a 1980s teen idol by subsequent solo success.
As a youth, after school, he played football for the Vauxhall Motors factory and in his spare time played in several bands as a bass guitarist.
In addition, a four piece brass section was created by Steve Farr (baritone saxophone), Richard Blanchard (tenor saxophone), Stuart Van Blandamer (alto saxophone) and Tony Hughes (trumpet) who all hailed from the North London and Hertfordshire area, while organist Ian Kewley lived in Essex.
This was followed by another at the Horn of Plenty in St Albans - a regular gig for Streetband during 1978 - and a total of 16 in their first month of existence.
Constant touring and concert appearances had built a strong fan base by mid-1981, when the small amount of soul music covers were outnumbered by the band's own tracks.
With poor record sales after the release of two albums and seven singles, the Q-Tips broke up in early 1982 when Paul Young signed a solo recording contract with CBS.
Young's new backing band The Royal Family included keyboardist Kewley, fretless bass player Pino Palladino, guitarist Steve Bolton, drummer Mark Pinder, and backing singers Maz Roberts and Kim Leslie AKA 'The Fabulous Wealthy Tarts'.
1 in the UK singles chart for three weeks in the summer of 1983, the first of 14 British Top 40 singles.
The year 1984 was difficult for Young, as his first heavy promotional and live concert tour of America strained his vocal cords severely, to the extent that he was forced to rest his voice and did not sing for much of the year.
On 18 September 1993 Young performed with Pink Floyd at the Cowdray Ruins charity concert in aid of King Edward VII Hospital.
Young performed the vocal parts originally sung by Roger Waters alongside David Gilmour, Nick Mason, and Richard Wright with Mike Rutherford of Genesis on bass.
In November 2001, when Young was on the final night of the Here and Now tour, Michael Aspel awarded him his This Is Your Life book.
After a lengthy absence of recorded material, Young released an album of vintage soul songs in 2016 called Good Thing produced by Arthur Baker, and began a lengthy period of tours and festival appearances.
I've always loved the Tex-Mex sound and knew a few musicians who had a similar passion for this type of music.
From 1983-93, all of Young's studio albums were released during a contract he had with Columbia Records, and since 1994, Young has released albums through Vision, East West and SonyBMG Records.
Later Ajit Singh quit the Indian National Congress and later formed a new party, the Bharatiya Kisan Kamghar Party in 1996.
In 1998, Mr Ajit Singh launched the Rashtriya Lok Dal which was one of the original parties run by his father and former Prime Minister of India, Ch Charan Singh, and was part of NDA and UPA governments.
It can be considered to be a variant of hemangioma, and is characterized by grossly large dilated blood vessels and large vascular channels, less well circumscribed, and more involved with deep structures, with a single layer of endothelium and an absence of neuronal tissue within the lesions.
Clinical symptoms of CNS origin include recurrent headaches, focal neurological deficits, hemorrhagic stroke, and seizures, but CCM can also be asymptomatic.
In up to 30% there is a coincidence of CCM with a venous angioma, also known as a developmental venous anomaly (DVA).
These lesions appear either as enhancing linear blood vessels or caput medusae, a radial orientation of small vessels that resemble the hair of Medusa from Greek mythology.
This cluster, particularly in northern New Mexico, is an example of the founder effect; it has been traced back to early Spanish settlers.
Recently, it has been shown that CCM1 and CCM2 proteins as well as ICAP1alpha form a macromolecular complex in the cell.
In addition, it appears that CCM2 protein may function as a scaffolding protein for MAP kinases that are essential in p38 activation responding to osmotic stress including MEKK3 and MKK3.
CCM3 is known as PDCD10 (programmed cell death 10), which was initially identified as a gene that is up-regulated during the induction of apoptosis (cell death) in TF-1, a human myeloid cell line.
Research is ongoing to determine the function and properties of all three CCM gene products as well as the reaction pathways in which they are involved.
Recently it has been shown that the deletion of CDC42 in endothelial cells elicits cerebral vascular malformations, suggesting that it may be a fourth gene involved in CCM pathology.
Diagnosis is generally made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly using a specific imaging technique known as a gradient-echo sequence MRI, which can unmask small or punctate lesions that may otherwise remain undetected.
In the case of hemorrhage, however, a CT scan is more efficient at showing new blood than an MRI, and when brain hemorrhage is suspected, a CT scan may be ordered first, followed by an MRI to confirm the type of lesion that has bled.
Since CCMs are low flow lesions (they are hooked into the venous side of the circulatory system), they will be angiographically occult (invisible).
If a lesion is discernible via angiogram in the same location as in the MRI, then an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) becomes the primary concern.
The incidence in the general population is roughly 0.5%, and clinical symptoms typically appear between 20 and 30 years of age.
Arts Centre Melbourne, originally known as the Victorian Arts Centre and briefly called the Arts Centre, is a performing arts centre consisting of a complex of theatres and concert halls in the Melbourne Arts Precinct, located in the central Melbourne suburb of Southbank in Victoria, Australia.
It was designed by architect Roy Grounds, the masterplan for the complex (along with the National Gallery of Victoria) was approved in 1960 and construction began in 1973 following some delays.
Arts Centre Melbourne is located by the Yarra River and along St Kilda Road, one of the city's main thoroughfares, and extends into the Melbourne Arts Precinct.
Major companies regularly performing include Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Melbourne Theatre Company, The Production Company, Victorian Opera, Bell Shakespeare, Bangarra Dance Theatre and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.
Arts Centre Melbourne's site has long been associated with arts and entertainment; in the early 20th century it was occupied variously by a permanent circus venue, an amusement park, a cinema and a dance hall.
The area was a popular venue featuring the Olympia Dancing Place, the Glaciarium Ice-Skating Rink, a Japanese tea house, Snowden Gardens, the Trocadero and the Princes Court with a miniature train and water-chute.
During World War II there was a push to establish a new home for the National Gallery of Victoria, along with a state theatre, on the site.
However, by the 1960s, all the entertainment had left and the lot had turned into an improvised parking for city workers.
After many years of discussion, Roy Grounds was chosen as the architect, and his master plan of a gallery and an adjacent theater under a tall copper spire was approved in 1960.
One of the main challenge of the construction was to dry up and retain the waters out of the base, as the construction went as deep as 7 meters below water levels.
Responsibility for the project lay with the building committee, established in 1956 and chaired by Kenneth Myer from 1965 to 1989.
Actor and film director George Fairfax, having joined the project in 1972, was appointed the first general manager of the building committee and then the trust, a position he held until 1989.
In the early 1970s, due to the expansion of the size of both the theatre and the concert hall required, the addition of a smaller second theatre, and to accommodate difficulties associated with the geology of the site, Roy Grounds completely redesigned the project.
The concert hall was separated out and placed in the riverbank, and the theatres building expanded above ground, with a latticework spire above.
During the first phase of the project from 1972 until 1979 responsibility was with Rupert Hamer as Minister for the Arts (and premier) and during the main construction phase from 1979 to 1982 with Norman Lacy as Minister for the Arts (and Minister of Educational Services).
Once the buildings were nearly complete, and with the death of Roy Grounds in 1981, Academy Award-winning expatriate set designer John Truscott, was employed to decorate the interiors.
His work was constrained only by a requirement to leave elements already constructed, such as Ground's faceted cave-like concert hall interior, to which he applied mineral finishes, and his steel mesh draped ceiling in the State Theatre, to which he added perforated brass balls.
During his tenure, Norman Lacy was constantly called on to defend the Victorian Arts Centre Trust and its construction program during some highly charged public debates in the parliament.
He had to defend the acoustics, the design of the spire, the rejection of the proposed changes to the Concert Hall interiors, the BASS ticketing system of the project, as well as its delays and cost over runs.
The trust were given responsibility for the operation and programming of the publicly owned performing arts spaces that make up the Victorian Arts Centre – the Theatres Building beneath the Spire, Hamer Hall and the Sidney Myer Music Bowl.
Soon after the legislation to establish the trust was passed, Norman Lacy and George Fairfax undertook a study trip to North America and Europe to assess administrative arrangements, educational programs and community initiatives at major performing arts centres in Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, Washington, Toronto, Ottawa, London and Paris.
The result was the development of Arts Centre Melbourne's management structure during 1981 and a suite of opening and on-going initiatives.
The rest of Arts Centre Melbourne was opened progressively in 1984, with the Theatres building officially opened in October that year.
This signified the completion of one of the largest public works projects in Victorian history, which had been undertaken over a period of almost twenty-five years.
Hamer Hall, situated closest to the river, was initially planned to be almost entirely underground, thus providing a huge open vista between the theatre spire, the river and Flinders Street railway station.
However, construction problems with the foundations, including water seepage, meant the structure had to be raised to three storeys above ground.
Similarly, budget constraints meant that Grounds' design for the Theatres Building, which included a copper-clad spire, were shelved, and a shortened un-clad design was substituted.
Hamer Hall (formerly the Melbourne Concert Hall) is a 2,661 seat concert hall – the largest venue in Arts Centre Melbourne's complex, used for orchestra and contemporary music performances.
It was opened in 1982 and was later renamed Hamer Hall in honour of Sir Rupert Hamer (the 39th Premier of Victoria) shortly after his death in 2004.
The State Theatre is located in the Theatres Building of Arts Centre Melbourne under the spire, and is a 2,077 seat theatre used for opera, ballet and theatre performances.
The Playhouse is also located in the Theatres Building of Arts Centre Melbourne and is an 822-seat theatre used for plays and dance performances.
Arts Centre Melbourne also houses dedicated gallery spaces including newly opened Australian Music Vault (formally Gallery 1 and the George Adams Gallery) on Level 6 (Ground level), Gallery 2 on Level 7, the St Kilda Road Foyer Gallery and the Smorgon Family Plaza, whose walls and central areas are used for exhibitions, in the Theatres Building.
The Performing Arts Collection at Arts Centre Melbourne is the foremost and largest specialist performing arts collection in Australia, with over 510,000 items relating to the history of circus, dance, music, opera and theatre in Australia and of Australian performers overseas.
The original spire envisaged by Roy Grounds was 115 metres tall and because of its complexity was one of the first structures in Australia to rely on computer-aided-design (CAD).
After significant public controversy, political inquiry and financial reassessment, the spire was completed by the Minister for the Arts, Norman Lacy, installing the lightning conductor rod at its pinnacle on 20 October 1981.
By the mid-1990s, signs of deterioration became apparent on the upper spire structure and Arts Centre Melbourne's Trust decided to replace the spire.
The spire is illuminated with some 6,600 metres (21,653 feet) of optic fibre tubing, 150 metres (492 feet) of neon tubing on the mast and 14,000 incandescent lamps on the spire's skirt.
A wedge-tailed eagle and peregrine falcon were utilised in early 2008 to deter groups of sulphur-crested cockatoos from damaging the spire's electrical fittings and thimble-sized lights.
Two sides of the structure were set ablaze by fireworks that apparently discharged improperly, causing flaming debris to fall to the ground.
The population of the countries in Britain and regions of the United Kingdom was last measured by census in 2011. and the Census organisations have produced population estimates for subsequent years by updating the census results with estimates of births, deaths and migration in each year.
The census results, and the annual population estimates, summarised below show that England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom and its population is therefore also presented by region.
In 1900, the unincorporated town of Oyster Harbour (established c. 1898) on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, was renamed Ladysmith by James Dunsmuir, in honour of the British lifting the siege of Ladysmith in South Africa (28 February 1900) during the Second Boer War.
In 1847 after buying land from the Zulu king Mpande, a number of Boers settled in the area and called it the Republic of Klip River with Andries Spies as their commandant.
The republic was annexed by the British in the same year and on 20 June 1850 was proclaimed a township called Windsor.
Sir Harry Smith was the British general governor of Cape Colony and high commissioner in South Africa from 1847 to 1852.
During the Second Boer War British commander Lieutenant General Sir George White made Ladysmith his centre of operations for the protection of Natal against the Boer forces.
Starting on 29 October 1899 a number of short-lived battles were fought for control of the town, but after suffering heavy casualties the British forces retreated to Ladysmith and the Boer forces did not make use of the opportunity to follow up the attack and take control of the town.
Following the Battle of Ladysmith, whilst British forces under Lieutenant General Sir George White regrouped in the town, Boer forces surrounded Ladysmith.
The siege lasted 118 days, from 2 November 1899 to 28 February 1900, during the most crucial stage of the war.
Three attempts by General Sir Redvers Buller to break the siege resulted in defeat for the British forces at the battles of Colenso, Spion Kop and Vaal Krantz.
On 6 January 1900 the Boer forces of Commandant-General Piet Joubert attempted to end the siege by taking the town before the British could launch another attempt to break the siege.
Buller finally broke the siege on 28 February 1900 after defeating the Boers by using close cooperation between his infantry and artillery.
Mohandas Gandhi, along with the stretcher-bearing corps that he had established earlier during the war, was involved in a number of actions that took place in and around Ladysmith during the Relief.
The worst flooding in 30 years occurred in 1996 leading to R500 million in damages and the evacuation of 400 families.
In 1949 the Windsor Dam was completed, but this dam silted up very quickly and was not an effective means of flood control.
The Soofi Mosque on the banks of the Klip River was originally built some time between 1895 and 1910, but it was greatly extended in the 1960s.
Other buildings of interest are the Siege Museum, originally built in 1884 as a marketplace and the Town Hall, damaged by Boer artillery during the Second Boer War.
The Danskraal Yard is located on the Free State main line and the Glencoe–Vryheid line and acts as a depot for train marshalling and maintenance as well as rail maintenance.
Traffic traveling between Durban and Johannesburg used to pass through Ladysmith up until the late 1980s, but the completion of the N3, bypassing Ladysmith to the west, has caused a dramatic drop in traffic volumes through this town as well as others that are now bypassed.
Located next to the town hall there is a small museum detailing the battles and history at the time of the Siege.
The Burgher Memorial on Wagon Hill was erected in honour of Boer forces killed during the siege and relief of Ladysmith.
On Platrand there are memorials to the Imperial Light Horse, the Devonshire Regiment, the Earl of Ava and a number of others.
One such structure includes the Anglican All Saints Church, built in 1902 from cut flagstones from a quarry in the area.
Islam also has a strong presence in the town, which is well known for the Soofie Mosque and its astounding architecture.
Ladysmith was also the home of a revered saint known as Hazrath Soofie Sayed Mahomed Abed Mia Osmani, who is buried in the Ladysmith Muslim Cemetery.
The oldest Hindu temple resulted from the amalgamation of Hindu Thirokootam (1910) with the Shree Ganaser Temple and hall erected in 1916.
The present site of the SDS temple(Sanathan Dharma Sabha aka Lord Vishnu Temple) also housed Mahatma Gandhi who established a non-White Stretcher-bearer service in the Ambulance Corps in the Ladysmith and Spioenkop during the Anglo-Boer War.
There are also Rastafarian devotees within the areas surrounding Ladysmith, residing in Waters meet, Peace Town, eZakheni,Steadville ,Saint Chad s, Acaciaville and Roosbom.
Others, however, prefer to treat the mountain skink as a distinct species because its range is geographically distinct and there are morphological differences.
The long-lined skink is gray to light brown in color and has light stripes from the eyes extending to beyond its forelegs, whereas the short-lined skink is darker in color and has stripes that end before the forelegs.
Adults reach a maximum SVL (Snout-Vent-Length) of some 7.5 cm (about 3 inches), and a TL (total length) of about .
Both subspecies live in lightly wooded areas, with the short-lined skink having a preference for rocky areas, whereas the long-lined skink is also found in grasslands.
Prosh refers to both a calendar fundraising event and the satirical annual newspaper written by students at the University of Western Australia to raise funds for nominated charities.
The annual tradition is the collaboration of a team of voluntary students who write, design and edit a spoof newspaper designed to poke fun at current events and political agendas.
The event now involves many carefully designed floats, practical jokes and stunts which are played on the public by participating students.
Over the decades of the prosh procession through the city of Perth, various floats and vehicles of dubious form and function passed through the centre of the city prior to the Hay street and Murray Street malls existence.
Currently, PROSH (which is now one of the oldest UWA traditions) is kept alive by volunteers writing, editing and distributing the newspaper annually in April.
In 2013, the satirical newspaper published a 'dreamtime horoscope' that mocked Indigenous Australians with reference to excessive drinking and disproportional financial support from the government.
The incident received national media attention and an apology was issued by the UWA student guild who committed to change policies and guidelines for Prosh publications.
Hydropneumatic suspension is a type of motor vehicle suspension system, designed by Paul Magès, invented by Citroën, and fitted to Citroën cars, as well as being used under licence by other car manufacturers, notably Rolls-Royce (Silver Shadow), Maserati (Quattroporte II) and Peugeot.
The purpose of this system is to provide a sensitive, dynamic and high-capacity suspension that offers superior ride quality on a variety of surfaces.
The principles illustrated by the successful use of hydropneumatic suspension are now used in a broad range of applications, such as aircraft oleo struts and gas filled automobile shock absorbers, first patented in the U.S. in 1934 by Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co.
This type of suspension for automobiles was inspired by the pneumatic suspension used for aircraft landing gear, which was also partly filled with oil for lubrication and to prevent gas leakage, as patented in 1933 by the same company.
They also have advantages related to handling and control efficiency, solving a number of problems inherent in steel springs that suspension designers have previously struggled to eliminate.
First, it was patented by the inventor, and second it had a perceived element of complexity, so automakers like Mercedes-Benz, British Leyland (Hydrolastic, Hydragas), and Lincoln sought to create simpler variants using a compressed air suspension.
Citroën's application of the system had the disadvantage that only garages equipped with special tools and knowledge were qualified to work on the cars, making them radically different from ordinary cars with common mechanicals.
The nitrogen gas (air) as spring medium is approximately six times more flexible than conventional steel, so self-leveling is incorporated to allow the vehicle to cope with the extraordinary suppleness provided.
France was noted for the poor quality of its roads after World War II, but the hydropneumatic suspension as fitted to the Citroën ID/DS and later cars reportedly ensured a smooth and stable ride there.
There have been many improvements to the system over the years, including steel anti-roll bars, variable ride firmness (Hydractive), and active control of body roll (Citroën Activa).
This system uses a belt or camshaft driven pump from the engine to pressurise a special hydraulic fluid, which then powers the brakes, suspension and power steering.
In this way the resulting system does not possess any eigenfrequencies and associated dynamic instabilities, which need to be suppressed through extensive damping in conventional suspension systems.
At the heart of the system, acting as pressure sink as well as suspension elements, are the so-called spheres, five or six in all; one per wheel and one main accumulator as well as a dedicated brake accumulator on some models.
Spheres consist of a hollow metal ball, open to the bottom, with a flexible desmopan rubber membrane, fixed at the 'equator' inside, separating top and bottom.
The top is filled with nitrogen at high pressure, up to 75 bar, the bottom connects to the car's hydraulic fluid circuit.
The high pressure pump, powered by the engine, pressurizes the hydraulic fluid (LHM) and an accumulator sphere maintains a reserve of hydraulic power.
It powers the front brakes first, prioritised via a security valve, and depending on type of vehicle, can power the steering, clutch, gear selector, etc.
Suspension works by means of a piston forcing LHM into the sphere, compressing the nitrogen in the upper part of the sphere; damping is provided by a two-way 'leaf valve' in the opening of the sphere.
When the car is too low, the height corrector valve opens to allow more fluid into the suspension cylinder (e.g., the car is loaded).
Citroën quickly realized that standard brake fluid was not ideally suited to high pressure hydraulics, and developed a special red-coloured hydraulic fluid named LHS, which they used from 1954 to 1967.
The chief problem with LHS was that it absorbed moisture and dust from the air, which caused corrosion in the system.
Most hydraulic brake systems are sealed from the outside air by a rubber diaphragm in the reservoir filler cap, but the Citroën system had to be vented to allow the fluid level in the reservoir to rise and fall, thus it was not hermetically sealed.
Since the system recirculates fluid continually through the reservoir, all the fluid was repeatedly exposed to the air and its moisture content.
Cleaning the filters and changing the fluid at the recommended intervals removes most dust and wear particles from the system, ensuring the longevity of the system.
It is also imperative to always use the correct fluid for the system; the two types of fluids and their associated system components are not interchangeable.
If the wrong type of fluid is used, the system must be drained and rinsed with Hydraflush, before draining again and filling with the correct fluid.
The whole high pressure part of the system is manufactured from steel tubing of small diameter, connected to valve control units by Lockheed type pipe unions with special seals made from Desmopan, a type of polyurethane thermoplastic compatible with the LHM fluid.
The other plastic/rubber parts are return tubes from valves such as the brake control or height corrector valves, also catching seeping fluid around the suspension push-rods.
Height corrector, brake master valve and steering valve spools, and hydraulic pump pistons have extremely small clearances (1–3 micrometres) within their cylinders, permitting only a very low leakage rate.
The metal and alloy parts of the system rarely fail, even after excessively high mileages, but the elastomer components (especially those exposed to the air) can harden and leak, typical failure points for the system.
When Citroën designed their Hydractive 3 suspension they redesigned the spheres with new nylon membranes, which greatly slow the rate of deflation.
With no springing other than the (slight) flexibility of tyres, hitting a pothole with a flat sphere can bend the suspension parts or dent a wheel rim.
In the case of main accumulator sphere failure, the high pressure pump is the only source of braking pressure for the front wheels.
Sensors in the steering, brakes, suspension, throttle pedal and gearbox feed information on the car's speed, acceleration, and road conditions to on-board computers.
Where appropriate, and within milliseconds, these computers switch an extra pair of suspension spheres in or out of the circuit, to allow the car a smooth supple ride in normal circumstances, or greater roll resistance for better handling in corners.
This development keeps Citroën in the forefront of suspension design, given the widespread goal in the auto industry of an active suspension system.
Citroën hydractive (Hydractive 1 and Hydractive 2) suspension was available on several models, including the XM and Xantia, which had a more advanced sub-model known as the Activa.
Whenever the Hydractive 1 or 2 computers received abnormal sensor information, often caused by malfunctioning electrical contacts, the car's suspension system would be forced into its firm setting for the remainder of the ride.
Starting with Xantia model year 1994 and XM model year 1995, all models featured an additional sphere that functioned as a pressure reservoir for rear brakes because of new hydraulic locks, letting the car retain normal ride height for several weeks without running the engine.
Compared to earlier cars, the C5 stays at normal ride height even when the engine is turned off for an extended period, through the use of electronics.
The C5 also uses orange synthetic hydraulic fluid named LDS fluid in place of the green LHM mineral oil used in millions of hydropneumatic vehicles.
A further improved Hydractive 3+ variation was for cars with top engines on the Citroën C5 and in 2005 was standard on the Citroën C6.
Little is publicly known about Red Pike, except that it is a block cipher with a 64-bit block size and 64-bit key length.
Red Pike is available to approved British government contractors in software form, for use in confidential (not secret) government communication systems.
Given that Red Pike is a British encryption algorithm, its name likely refers to a particular fell in the western English Lake District.
Drummer Hein Frode Hansen had recently quit his former band Phobia and started looking for a new musical project to play in.
A friend of his told Hein that a band called Suffering Grief was looking for a new drummer, and after contacting them, he joined the band.
They subsequently invited singer Liv Kristine Espenæs - Rohonyi's then girlfriend - to do female vocals for one song, but quickly invited her to join the band permanently.
It was met with a very mixed reception, and while some older fans were understandably shocked by the new direction of the band, it did gain them a number of new fans.
It was also the first album to feature their long-time session guitarist, Vegard K. Thorsen, as a full member of the band.
While still keeping on the industrial and electronic roots of the last two albums, the album showed a return to some of the sounds developed in their first albums.
As usual with the Theatre machinery there is many things to take into consideration when doing stuff and recently we were forced to change collaborators for the production of the album, and postpone the recordings.
On 1 March 2010, Theatre of Tragedy issued a statement informing fans of their decision to split on 2 October 2010.
In September, fans helped the band to secure funds to finish their first and last DVD by making donations when the label pulled out most of the funding for the production.
The result was Last Curtain Call, a concert film from their very last show on 2 October 2010 in their hometown Stavanger.
In December 2015, Liv Kristine did a tour across Germany, Belgium, Russia, Poland, Netherlands, and United Kingdom, with her own solo project.
Sokoto is a city located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River.
Being the seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria.
With an annual average temperature of , Sokoto is one of the hottest cities in the world, however the maximum daytime temperatures are generally under most of the year, and the dryness makes the heat bearable.
From late October to February, during the 'cold season', the climate is dominated by the harmattan wind blowing Sahara dust over the land.
The dust dims the sunlight, thereby lowering temperatures significantly and also leading to the inconvenience of dust everywhere in the house.
For the rest, the general dryness of the region allows for few crops, millet perhaps being the most abundant, complemented by maize, rice, other cereals, and beans.
The dry season starts from October, and lasts up to April in some parts and may extend to May or June in other parts.
The wet season on the other hand begins in most parts of the state in May and lasts up to September, or October.
But the weather in the state is always cold in the morning and hot in the afternoons, save in peak harmattan period.
The vast fadama land of the Sokoto-Rima River systems dissects the plain and provides the rich alluvial soil fit for a variety of crop cultivation in the state.
Sokoto had been used as early as October 1804 by the Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo as the venue for the meeting with Galadima, Yunfa's Vizier.
Subsequently, it was used by Muhammad Bello as a staging post for an attack on Dufua in the spring of 1806.
In historical perspective, Sokoto was founded as a ribat (military camp or frontier) in 1809, when Shehu Usmanu was at Sifawa.
In the 1820s, Sokoto was at its peak of prosperity coinciding with the peak of its 'rulers' powers at the center of the caliphate, receiving annual tribute from all the fiefs before a long period of decline.
Barth in 1857 estimated the population at only 20,000–22,000, but the market was still supplied and attended, and a thriving suburb outside the wall was more animated than Sokoto itself.
Bovil aptly described Sokoto as a strong position, with steep escarpments from the east to the north-west and a small valley on the west and the south west protecting it against surprise cavalry attacks.
The town dominates the broad lowland where the two rivers, Rima and Sokoto meet, being the junction of roads from Gobir in the north, Kebbi in the south and Burmi Zamfara in the east.
Such wards include Magajin Gari ward, Waziri ward, Sarkin Musulmi ward, Sarkin Adar ward, Magajin Rafi ward, and Sarkin Zamfara Ward.
At this time the wards were small and surrounded with a wall, which included the mosques of Sultan Bello and Shehu, Sultan Palace and other buildings as well as the compound of Shehu.
In 1818, the wall was extended up to the extent that it has gates that come in and out of the Birni wall.
These include the Gobir and Kebbi kingdoms as well as the world-renowned caliphate whose spiritual and political capital is the headquarters of the state.
Following the conquest of the caliphate by the British in 1903, its various components were made autonomous and joined into the government of Northern Nigeria.
Sokoto state has a projected population of 3.7 million people based on a 2006 census made up of two ethnic groups namely, Hausa and Fulani.
The former marks the end of the Ramadan fast, while the latter features the slaughtering of rams in commemoration of an act of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham).
Traditional wrestling (Kokawa) and boxing (Dambe) are the two sports enjoyed by the Hausa while the Fulani and the Sullubawa entertain themselves with Sharo and Doro respectively.
Important visitors to the state are usually treated to the grand or mini durbar, an event involving the parade of heavily decorated horses and camels mounted by men in full traditional military and cultural attire.
They produce such crops as millet, guinea corn, maize, rice, potatoes, cassava, groundnuts and beans for subsistence and produce wheat, cotton and vegetables for cash.
Local crafts such as blacksmithing, weaving, dyeing, carving and leather works also play an important role in the economic life of the people of Sokoto; as a result different areas like Makera, Marina, Takalmawa and Majema became important.
Agro allied industries using cotton, groundnut, sorghum, gum, maize, rice, wheat sugar cane, cassava, gum Arabic and tobacco as raw materials can be established in the area.
Large scale farming can also be practiced in the state using irrigation water from Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko and Kwakwazo lakes among others.
Minerals such as kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate both yellow and green, shade clay, sand etc., are available in commercial quantities.
The availability of these economic potentials provides good investment opportunities, particularly in agro-allied industries such as flour mills, tomatoes processing, sugar refining, textiles, glue, tanning, fish canning, etc.
Transport within the city (when not by foot) is mainly by mopeds which operate as one-person taxis and sometimes tricycles transport persons from one place to the other; this allows for carriage of more than one person at a time (still at a cheap price as mopeds).
Yet one of the major consequences of the jihadist was the speeding of this phenomenon not only in Hausaland but also in all areas affected by the caliphate administration.
New towns sprang up and the older birane entered into a period of unprecedented growth, some as new areas of commercial activities, others as both Emirate capitals and centers of administration and commerce.
One of the aspects of urbanization in the history of the Sokoto caliphate started with the establishment of Sokoto city (the headquarters of the caliphate).
But with the success of the jihad led by the Shehu usmau dan Fodiyo (1804–1808) and subsequent victory of the jihadists over the rulers of Hausaland, Sokoto city (headquarters of the caliphate) was built by Muhammad Bello.
Sokoto city as designed by the architect Muhammad Bello consisted of all the characteristic features of any modern city including roads, bridges, market, ganuwa (fortification round centers of town) and as well as administrative and commercial centers.
However, apart from the central market popularly known as Yardole, other commercial areas designed by Muhammad Bello include Makera, Madinka, Marina, Siriddawa, Takalmawa, Runji and Jirgawa.
In addition, among other things no town in either pre-jihad or 19th century Hausaland could develop into an urban center without effective fortification (ganuwa).
This was built with many strongpoints like Kofar Aliyu Jedo, Kofar Dundaye, Kofar Marke, Kofar Rini, Kofar Kware, and Kofar Taramniya, and this paramount development attracted many people to migrate from their locality into Sokoto city for survival.
From the above observation on how caliph Muhammad Bello designed the city of Sokoto we will see that Sokoto witnessed more immigrants with interest in blacksmithing leather works, pottery etc.
For example, some of these people either engage in the business of blacksmithing or in other related business as in Makera Assada.
There are people who used to travel to different parts of present Nigeria and even in neighbouring countries to buy damaged iron materials like damaged vehicles, cars, lorries, aircraft etc.
iron pipes, and oil tanks in order to break them into pieces and sell them for anybody who wants to put them into use or modify them into another product.
Daniel Keys Moran (born November 30, 1962), also known by his initials DKM, is an American computer programmer and science fiction writer.
DKM, his third wife Amy Stout-Moran, and their sons Richard Moran and Connor Moran, along with Amy's two daughters and one son later lived in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles.
Moran had ambitious plans for a 33 volume series, The Tales of the Continuing Time, three novels of which (Emerald Eyes, The Long Run, The Last Dancer) were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
There are multiple universes, time travel, cyberpunk, alien invasions, martial arts, dance, paganism, the politics of world government, an interesting twist on non-violent protest, and any number of everyday technologies that were unheard of in 1985 but are surprisingly common today.
This fanciful name for the virtual space created by a global network of interconnected computers is Moran’s extrapolation of what the Internet would become.
Aside from its everyday uses in his stories it also provides another environment in which good and evil can do battle.
But when Players ‘Dance’ in the Crystal Wind they can easily incur the wrath of the authorities, corporate entities, or other denizens of the Crystal Wind.
Its primary tasks are to filter the overwhelming amount of available data into understandable information, and to put into effect (through complex technical means) the wishes of the Player.
In this way, the Player automates as much of the slow human search, analysis, actions and reactions that are much faster using suitably advanced Image algorithms and hardware, while concealing his true identity from the authorities.
In effect, the Player creates a computer version of themselves that requires only occasional input from the slower but more complex human.
Prior to the beginning of the stories, the aforementioned Trent character spent some years developing an Image called ‘Ralf the Wise and Powerful’.
As the events in the stories unfold, it is a seemingly minor point when an eleven-year-old Trent is forced by circumstance to abandon his Image code in the net.
Trent's impressive capabilities are confirmed by the fact that his Image was sophisticated enough to make the leap (with some assistance) to becoming a full sentient AI.
As an independent being Ralf closely adheres to his origins, and acts to support Trent in his efforts to serve the greater good according to his pacifistic moral code.
As of the most recent stories it is unknown what effects the flame has apart from giving the witnesses a deep feeling of spirituality.
After submitting over 700 job applications, he was offered a place in 1937 in the Physics Department of Dillard University, a private, African American liberal arts college in New Orleans.
During World War II he worked as a civilian physicist for the US Army Signal Corps while holding fellowships in physics at the universities of Idaho and Oklahoma.
In 1950, he won a Carnegie Grant that allowed him to visit Albert Einstein at his home in Princeton, New Jersey, and also to visit the Institute for Advanced Studies.
In 1952 Miller joined the Physics Department at the then small El Camino College in Torrance, California (1952–1974), to maximum student enrollments due to his great popularity and where he was instantly recognizable by his casual hair and horn-rimmed eyeglasses.
Miller was intolerant of misspelled words and misplaced punctuation, and often angered his colleagues because he charged that the students of most faculty were not learning enough.
During an interview in the 1940s, he stated that intellectual life in America was in trouble, a belief he held for the rest of his life.
Boys and girls are emerging from every level of school with certificates and degrees, but they can't read, write or calculate.
From 1963 to 1986, Miller was the visiting lecturer for the Physics Department of the University of Sydney, and from 1965 to 1985 at the US Air Force Academy.
During the same period, he appeared on a semi-regular basis performing physics experiments, on Steve Allen's late night TV show in Hollywood, syndicated by Group W. Eventually, he also had his own TV shows in Australia, Canada, Norway, and New Zealand.
A paper straw normally does not have sufficient strength but if one pinches the end, the trapped air acts as a piston, easily piercing the potato.
Due to budget constraints the offer was withdrawn, but an agreement was reached for Miller to host his own science-based TV series which was filmed at the University of Sydney where he taught.
Fellow presenters included Professor Harry Messel, the astrophysicist, and the young James Watson, fresh from his triumphant co-discovery of the helical structure of DNA, but decades ahead of his work on the Human Genome.
A common ploy would be to hold up an empty glass and ask guests to confirm it was empty...then chide them for not noticing it was full of air.
While in Australia, Miller also appeared in ads for non-stick saucepans and Ampol petroleum, which included demonstrations of real principles of physics, albeit briefly.
In February 1987, Miller became ill while visiting Australia and returned to the United States where he was diagnosed with leukemia.
Professor Miller's wife, Alice Brown Miller, wanted to perpetuate the memory and achievements of her husband, and so conceived the idea of the Julius Sumner Miller Foundation, which was established in 1998.
Through an offer by Cadbury-Schweppes Pty Ltd, the Cadbury-Julius Sumner Miller Scholarship for Academic Excellence was set up to provide undergraduate scholarships in the School of Physics at the University of Sydney.
Put another way, it contains the theory of elliptic functions with extra symmetries, such as are visible when the period lattice is the Gaussian integer lattice or Eisenstein integer lattice.
It has an aspect belonging to the theory of special functions, because such elliptic functions, or abelian functions of several complex variables, are then 'very special' functions satisfying extra identities and taking explicitly calculable special values at particular points.
It has also turned out to be a central theme in algebraic number theory, allowing some features of the theory of cyclotomic fields to be carried over to wider areas of application.
David Hilbert is said to have remarked that the theory of complex multiplication of elliptic curves was not only the most beautiful part of mathematics but of all science.
An elliptic function formula_2 is said to have complex multiplication if there is an algebraic relation between formula_3 and formula_4 for all formula_5 in formula_6 .
and where the point at infinity, the zero element of the group law of the elliptic curve, is by convention taken to be formula_23.
If the lattice defining the elliptic curve is actually preserved under multiplication by (possibly a proper subring of) the ring of integers formula_24 of formula_6, then the ring of analytic automorphisms of formula_26 turns out to be isomorphic to this (sub)ring.
This means that the j-invariant of formula_31 is an algebraic number – lying in formula_6 – if formula_31 has complex multiplication.
The ring of endomorphisms of an elliptic curve can be of one of three forms:the integers Z; an order in an imaginary quadratic number field; or an order in a definite quaternion algebra over Q.
It is known that, in a general sense, the case of complex multiplication is the hardest to resolve for the Hodge conjecture.
Kronecker first postulated that the values of elliptic functions at torsion points should be enough to generate all abelian extensions for imaginary quadratic fields, an idea that went back to Eisenstein in some cases, and even to Gauss.
Many generalisations have been sought of Kronecker's ideas; they do however lie somewhat obliquely to the main thrust of the Langlands philosophy, and there is no definitive statement currently known.
It was formed by the Labour MP, Dick Taverne when his Constituency Labour Party (Lincoln) asked him to stand down as their candidate at the next general election.
He had fallen out with them over Britain's continued membership of the European Economic Community which he supported but they did not.
His initial ambitions were to eventually re-join the Labour Party, but there were some who attempted to persuade him to try to establish a new party of the political centre.
Taverne resigned from parliament at the same time that he resigned from the Labour Party in order to force the issue into the open, and he won the ensuing Lincoln by-election, held in March,1973.
His victory was aided by the lack of a Liberal candidate as it decided instead to support his candidacy (in those days the party was only able to stand in a limited number of places and had a very limited base to work from in Lincoln) and the controversial adoption of Jonathan Guinness by the Conservatives.
He did not stand in the seat again, but Democratic Labour continued to organise politically, to the extent that Democratic Labour controlled Lincoln City Council from 1973 until 1979 and across England during the 1973 local elections Democratic Labour candidates achieved some success.
Both were unsuccessful in their attempts to gain seats in the House of Commons, losing their deposits (at that time, 12.5% of the vote was needed to keep deposits, falling to 5% after the 1983 General Election).
In many ways, Democratic Labour can be seen as a forerunner of the Social Democratic Party, which was formed by many of the viewpoints as Taverne, that broke away from Labour in the early 1980s.
The Indian national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka.
The domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy.
In addition, the BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition, which is also one of the biggest sports leagues in the world and the biggest cricket league in the world.
While cricket is by far the most popular sport in the country it is not the country's national sport since India has no national sport.
The Indian team shares a rivalry with the Pakistani team, and India-Pakistan matches are some of the most anticipated matches, and most watched television broadcasts in the country.
The entire history of cricket in India and the sub-continent as a whole is based on the existence and development of the British Raj via the East India Company.
India became a member of the 'elite club' joining Australia, England, South Africa, New Zealand and the West Indies in June 1932.
India's first match in Lords against England attracted a massive crowd of 24,000 people as well as the King of the United Kingdom.
The major and defining event in the history of Indian cricket during this period was the Partition of India following full independence from the British Raj in 1947.
An early casualty of change was the Bombay Quadrangular tournament, which had been a focal point of Indian cricket for over 50 years.
As part of 14 consecutive victories in the Ranji Trophy from 1958–59 to 1972–73, Bombay won the title in all ten seasons of the period under review.
Bombay continued to dominate Indian domestic cricket, with only Karnataka, Delhi, and a few other teams able to mount any kind of challenge during this period.
In 1983, again in England, India were surprise winners of the 1983 Cricket World Cup under the captaincy of Kapil Dev.
During the 1970s, the Indian cricket team began to see success overseas beating New Zealand, and holding Australia, South Africa and England to a draw.
Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar and Srinivas Venkataraghavan, giving rise to what would later be called the Golden Era of Indian cricket history.
This decade also saw the emergence of two of India's best ever batsmen, Sunil Gawaskar and Gundappa Vishwanath responsible for the back-to-back series wins in 1971 in the West Indies and in England, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar.
Several team names and spellings were altered during the 1990s when traditional Indian names were introduced to replace those that were associated with the British Raj.
During the 1980s, India developed a more attack-focused batting line-up with talented batsmen such as Mohammad Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar and Ravi Shastri prominent during this decade.
(Despite India's victory in the Cricket World Cup in 1983, the team performed poorly in the Test arena, including 28 consecutive Test matches without a victory.
This appointment met success internationally as India maintained their unbeaten home record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001 and won the inaugural ICC World T20 in 2007.
India's victory against the Australians in 2001 marked the beginning of a dream era for the team under the captainship of Sourav Ganguly, winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England.
India also shared a joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Championship, and went on to the finals in the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be beaten by Australia.
In September 2007, India won the first ever Twenty20 World Cup held in South Africa, beating their arch-rivals Pakistan by 5 runs in a thrilling final.
India won the Cricket World Cup in 2011 under the captainship of Mahendra Singh Dhoni, the first time since 1983 – they beat Sri Lanka in the final held in Mumbai.
For example, the English schedule under which the nation tours other countries during winter and plays at home during the summer.
Cricket in India is managed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), the richest cricket board in the cricket world, yet, average cricket fans cannot get hold of tickets to see matches, much of which are distributed as largesse.
Indian International Cricket Squad has also provided some of the greatest players to the world, the biggest example of which is Sachin Tendulkar.
India has won two World Championship cups in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and recently won in year 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni, which is won after a span of 28 years.
The first unregulated test transmissions in Austria began on 1 April 1923 by , run by the radio pioneer and enthusiast Oskar Czeija (; 1887–1958), who applied for a radio license in 1921; first in his telephone factory in the district of Vienna, later in the nearby TGM technical college.
One year later, a powerful transmitter, designed by the German company, was installed on the roof of the former War Ministry building on in central Vienna.
Regular transmissions began on 1 October 1924 from provisional studios inside the War Ministry building that were to become known as '.
In the course of the abolition of the First Austrian Republic and the implementation of the Austrofascist ' by Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß in 1934, the studios were embattled during the Austrian Civil War in February, as well as by the protagonists of the Nazi July Putsch, when several insurgents entered the studio and had Dollfuß's resignation announced (he actually was killed in his occupied Chancellery office).
The Austrian government widely used RAVAG broadcasts for propaganda activities, defying massive cross-border Nazi propaganda broadcasts aired from German transmitters in the Munich region, but also promoted the live transmission of mass celebrations.
With the Austrian ' to Nazi Germany and the invasion of Wehrmacht troops in 1938, RAVAG was dissolved and replaced by ' subordinate to the national ' network (' from 1939) in Berlin, were also the programmes were produced.
Only hours later, live broadcasts featured the cheering devotees of his Nazi successor Arthur Seyss-Inquart, the triumphant entry of Adolf Hitler in Linz the next day, and his speech on Vienna Heldenplatz.
Following the defeat, independent Austrian RAVAG radio broadcasting resumed in Allied-occupied Austria 24 April 1945, when it announced the formation of a provisional Austrian state government led by Karl Renner.
A new ' station was founded, broadcasting from ' by a provisional transmitter on the rooftop, once again under Oskar Czeija, who nevertheless was ousted shortly afterwards on pressure by the Soviet military administration.
The RAVAG/Radio Wien transmissions were limited to the Eastern Austrian Soviet occupation zone, and as the Cold War progressed was increasingly considered Communist propaganda broadcasting.
A number of other radio stations began broadcasting in the different occupation zones and radio become a popular medium among Austrians: in 1952 there were 1.5 million radio sets in Austrian homes.
The Western Allies could operate their programmes nationwide from Vienna, with a significantly higher popularity rating than the outdated RAVAG transmissions.
All of these radio channels are broadcast terrestrially on FM and via the digital service of the SES Astra satellites at 19.2° east.
ORF is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
The ORF has one regional studio in each state, where each state produces its own radio and state television, which is broadcast over ORF2.
Even though each state has its own studio, most ORF productions are heavily focused on Vienna, since most shows are made there.
Honey is a 2003 American dance film directed by Billie Woodruff and stars Jessica Alba, Mekhi Phifer, Romeo Miller, Joy Bryant, David Moscow, with featured performances by Tweet, Jadakiss and Ginuwine and a cameo by Missy Elliott.
Honey Daniels holds down jobs as a bartender, a record store clerk and a dance teacher at a community center run by her mother in New York.
Honey's dream is to make it as a renowned hip hop choreographer even though her mother presses her to teach ballet in an Uptown school.
When Honey hits the dance floor after her shift at the club she works at where her rival Katrina performs, the two are recorded as they try to out dance each other.
When Honey and friend Gina leave the club, they encounter brothers Benny and Raymond street dancing with other kids from the neighborhood.
The video from the club catches the attention of music director Michael Ellis, who gives Honey a job as a backup dancer in Jadakiss' new video.
Honey's new choreography career brings her money, fame and freedom, but at the same time takes her away from the center and the kids in the neighborhood.
She offers him a job as her assistant in the coming week for Tweet's video if he keeps himself out of trouble.
Meanwhile, she convinces Michael to let her use the kids she teaches at the center as backup dancers in Ginuwine's new video she's been promised with a fresh take on his video theme.
Since Benny has been out of trouble, BB (the drug dealer he works for) goes to Honey's apartment and threatens her.
She begins to date Chaz and he inspires her to focus on what makes her happy and not the fame her career can bring.
Honey made plans to take Gina to Atlantic City for her birthday, but Michael tells her that they have an important meeting they can not miss.
When Honey asks Michael for his phone so she can call Gina, his associates encourage him to follow her and he drunkenly hits on her.
Gina is furious when she sees Honey in the paper being kissed by Michael since she claimed it was work (not play) that kept her from her birthday celebration.
When the day of Ginuwine's video comes, Michael shows up on set with Katrina and changes the video's concept back to the standard exotic cars and scantily clad females.
Benny also comes to the realization that Honey cared enough to come visit him and that he could do a lot better with his life.
Since the ruined Ginuwine video, the large choreography checks haven't been coming in and the remainder of the down payment needs to be paid or the store will go back on the market.
She comes up with the idea to hold a dance benefit at an abandoned church and Benny (released from juvy) brings his dance friends to help prep for the benefit.
She makes it clear that she will postpone the filming of her video until Michael fires Katrina and brings in Honey.
She refuses both his apology and his help, saying she will pay for the studio on her own since she now sees her value.
Before leaving, she tells Michael on how selfish and arrogant he is and makes him realise that not only did his selfishness get Honey fired from her job but make her unintentionally upset her dance students who were hoping to star as backstage dancers in Ginuwine’s upcoming music video.
The benefit is a full house with Honey's parents, Benny and Raymond's overworked mother, Tweet and Honey's boyfriend Chaz in attendance.
Honey's Dad brought her mother to the benefit as a surprise and for the first time, she sees that the dance form her daughter loves can give her all that ballet could.
At the end, the kids bring Honey up to give her recognition for all she has done and the bank manager assures Honey that the building is fully funded.
Missy Elliott arrives as the benefit finishes and rushes in to finally meet Honey in person after berating her directionless driver for making her late.
As the credits roll, we watch Missy introduce the R&B group Blaque to Honey at her new dance studio, The Bronx Dance Center to prepare them for their new video.
A number of popular hip hop and R&B musicians, groups and producers play themselves in prominent cameos, including Missy Elliott, Jadakiss, Sheek Louch, Shawn Desman, Ginuwine, Rodney Jerkins, 3rd Storee, Tweet, and Blaque.
The film is inspired by the life of choreographer Laurieann Gibson, who was the film's choreographer and appeared on screen as Katrina, the main character's rival.
Singer/actress Aaliyah was originally cast as Honey, though the role was later recast to Jessica Alba due to Aaliyah's death in August 2001.
Rotten Tomatoes gives film a score of 21% based on reviews from 115 critics, with an average rating of 4.2 out of 10.
The final box office was $30.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $31.9 million in other countries, for a total of $62.2 million worldwide.
It featured a rear ramp loading door and was intended to carry light vehicles, artillery pieces, or up to 70 paratroopers.
The Tupolev Tu-110 (NATO reporting name: Cooker) was a jet airliner designed and built in the USSR, which saw its maiden flight in .
1511-846 on 12 August 1956, requiring the Tupolev Design Bureau to develop a four-engined version of the Tu-104, to enable the aircraft to safely cross large expanses of ocean, and improve safety on takeoff in case of engine failure.
The Tu-110 was a major redesign of the Tu-104, powered by four Lyulka AL-7 turbojets rated at 5,500 kgf (53.9 kN; 12,100 lbf) thrust each, with two staggered engines in the root of each extended centresection.
Production of the Tu-110 was authorised at the Kazan Aircraft Factory, with an initial order for ten aircraft, but only three aircraft were completed before the programme was terminated.
The production aircraft featured extended-chord wings and enlarged baggage holds, as well as seating for up to 100 passengers in an all-tourist class seating arrangement.
All four aircraft were converted to Tu-110Bs with Soloviev D-20 turbofan engines, in an attempt to improve the performance of the aircraft, but to no avail.
No further orders were forthcoming and the four Tu-110B's were used for experimental work on avionics, missile systems and boundary layer control systems, remaining active into the 1970s.
The Campaign for Social Democracy was a minor political party which stood candidates in the February 1974 United Kingdom general election.
The party was formed in September 1973 by Dick Taverne, who had resigned from the Labour Party, after falling out with his Constituency Labour Party over the European Economic Community.
Taverne had formed the Democratic Labour Association in Lincoln and had been elected as an MP for Lincoln under that banner in a by-election in March, 1973.
He formed the Campaign for Social Democracy as an attempt to build a radical non-doctrinaire social democratic movement, and at the February 1974 general election they stood four candidates against leading Labour left-wingers, including Tony Benn.
The campaign was wound up when the Labour Party won the October 1974 United Kingdom general election, making a split in the Labour Party less likely.
Gun dogs, or bird dogs, are types of hunting dogs developed to assist hunters in finding and retrieving game, usually birds.
Gun dogs, or bird dogs, are types of hunting dogs developed to assist hunters in finding and retrieving game, usually birds.
Although classified according to method of work, gun dogs often have skills which extend beyond the tasks outlined for their classification.
When a pair of dogs work as a team, one works close in while the other ranges out in larger circles.
They should readily comply if the handler casts them to an area of particular interest, such as a brush pile or shuck of corn.
Pointing dogs excel on covey type birds such as bobwhite, quail, and grouse as these birds will hold in position well, allowing the hunter to approach and get into position.
Flushers will not cover the same amount of ground as a pointing dog as the flusher must be kept within shotgun distance.
Flushing dogs excel on these types of bird because they do not point the birds, giving them little time for escape on the ground.
Once commanded, the dog will race to the point of fall, pick up the bird, and return it to the handler.
Since a majority of waterfowl hunting employs the use of small boats in winter conditions, retrievers are expected to remain sitting calmly and quietly until sent to retrieve.
As birds move into range, a well-trained retriever will watch and follow the handler's gun as he shoots, marking, and remembering each bird that is downed.
If a dog did not see the bird fall, a retriever takes direction from the handler, who can use hand and whistle signals to guide the dog to the unseen downed bird.
When competing in conformation shows most kennel clubs, including the The Kennel Club group pedigree gun dog breeds together in their own gun dog group, whilst some such as the American Kennel Club group them in a sporting group.
William Francis Giauque (; May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero.
Following the death of his father in 1908, the family returned to Niagara Falls, where he studied at the Niagara Falls Collegiate Institute.
After graduation, he looked for work in various power plants at Niagara Falls both for financial reasons and to pursue a career in electrical engineering.
Eventually, however, his application was accepted by the Hooker Electro-Chemical Company in Niagara Falls, New York, which led him to employment in their laboratory.
After two years of employment, he entered the College of Chemistry of the University of California, Berkeley, where he received a bachelor of science degree with honors in 1920.
Although he began university study with an interest in becoming an engineer, he soon developed an interest in research under the influence of Professor Gilbert N. Lewis.
Due to his outstanding performance as a student, he became an Instructor of Chemistry at Berkeley in 1922 and after passing through various grades of professorship, he became a full Professor of Chemistry in 1934.
He became interested in the third law of thermodynamics as a field of research during his experimental research for his Ph.D. research under Professor George Ernest Gibson comparing the relative entropies of glycerine crystals and glass.
The principal objective of his researches was to demonstrate through range of appropriate tests that the third law of thermodynamics is a basic natural law.
In 1926, he proposed a method for observing temperatures considerably below 1 Kelvin (1 K is −457.87 °F or −272.15 °C).
He developed a magnetic refrigeration device of his own design in order to achieve this outcome, getting closer to absolute zero than many scientists had thought possible.
This trailblazing work, apart from proving one of the fundamental laws of nature led to stronger steel, better gasoline and more efficient processes in a range of industries.
His researches and that of his students included a large number of entropy determinations from low temperature measurements, particularly on condensed gases.
The entropies and other thermodynamic properties of many gases were also determined from quantum statistics and molecular energy levels available from band spectra as well as other sources.
His correlated investigations of the entropy of oxygen with Dr. Herrick L. Johnston, led to the discovery of oxygen isotopes 17 and 18 in the Earth's atmosphere and showed that physicists and chemists had been using different scales of atomic weight for years without recognising it.
Andrew Vicari (born Andrea Antonio Giovanni Vaccari, 20 April 1932 – 3 October 2016) was a Welsh painter working in France, who established a career painting portraits of prominent people.
Despite being largely unknown in his own country, Vicari was Britain's richest living painter, and at one time Britain 18th richest person.
Vicari was born in Port Talbot, Wales, in 1932 to Italian parents, Vittorio Vaccari ('tobacconist and confectioner'), and his wife, Italini Bertani, from Parma.
Between 1950 and 1952 he studied painting at the Slade School of Fine Art at University College London (UCL) under William Coldstream and occasionally Lucian Freud as teachers.
He then began working in London as a portrait painter and in 1961 a large show of his work was put on in the former Debenhams showroom near Leicester Square financed by the band leader and impresario Jack Hylton.
In the following decades, he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family as well as scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life.
Salinger was born February 13, 1960 in Windsor, Vermont, the son of author J. D. Salinger and psychologist Alison Claire Douglas.
Salinger graduated from Phillips Academy Andover and attended Princeton University before graduating from Columbia University with a degree in art history and drama.
Dick Taverne, Baron Taverne, QC (born 18 October 1928) is an English Liberal Democrat politician and life peer in the House of Lords.
In 1972 he was deselected as a Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln, so he left the Labour Party and resigned his seat, forcing a by-election which he won.
However, his success opened the possibility of a realignment on the left of British politics, which took shape in 1981 as the Social Democratic Party (SDP), which Taverne joined.
Educated at Charterhouse School, and then Balliol College, Oxford, he graduated in Philosophy and Ancient History, qualified as a barrister in 1954 and became a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1965.
He unsuccessfully contested Putney as the Labour Party candidate at the 1959 general election, and was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln at a by-election in March 1962.
Under Harold Wilson's premiership in the 1960s, he served as a Home Office Minister from 1966 to 1968, Minister of State at the Treasury from 1968 to 1969 and then as Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1969 to 1970.
In 1970, he helped to launch the Institute for Fiscal Studies, now an influential independent think tank and was the first Director, later chairman.
He was re-elected as an Independent Democratic Labour candidate at a by-election in March 1973, and held the seat at the February 1974 general election.
When the Social Democratic Party (SDP) was formed in the early 1980s, he joined them, serving on their national committee from 1981 until 1987.
He stood as an SDP candidate in the 1982 Peckham by-election, coming second with 32% of the vote, and in the 1983 general election, he stood in Dulwich, coming third with 22%.
When the SDP merged with the Liberal Party he joined the new Liberal Democrats, serving on its Federal Policy Committee from 1989 until 1990.
In May 2006 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Liberal Democrats in local elections to Westminster City Council in the Marylebone High Street ward.
He became interested in science and public policy, and in 2002 founded Sense About Science, a charity with the objective of advancing public understanding of science and the evidence-based approach to scientific issues.
He was a member of the House of Lords Committee on the Use of Animals in Scientific Procedures, and is currently a member of the Science and Technology Committee of the House of Lords.
He is an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society and a Distinguished Supporter of Humanists UK, as well as a vice-chair of the All Party Parliamentary Humanist Group.
It was established between 1883 and 1887, after the ruling Somalis and Afar sultans each signed a treaty with the French.
The March 11, 1862, agreement the Afar sultan, Raieta Dini Ahmet, signed in Paris was a treaty where the Afars sold the territory of Obock for 10,000 thalaris, around 55,000 francs.
Later on, that treaty was used by the captain of the Fleuriot de Langle to colonize the south of the Bay of Tadjoura.
In March 26, 1885 the French signed another treaty with the Somalis where the latter would become a protectorate under the French, no monetary exchange occurred and Somalis did not sign away any of their rights to the land, the agreement was to protect their land from outsiders with the help of the French.
However, after the French sailors of the vessel Le Pingouin were mysteriously killed in Ambado in 1886, the French blamed first the British, then the Somalis and further used that incident to lay claim to the entire southern territory.
The construction of the Imperial Ethiopian Railway west into Ethiopia turned the port of Djibouti into a boomtown of 15,000 at a time when Harar was the only city in Ethiopia to exceed that.
Although the population fell after the completion of the line to Dire Dawa and the original company failed and required a government bail-out, the rail link allowed the territory to quickly supersede the caravan-based trade carried on at Zeila (then in the British area of Somaliland) and become the premier port for coffee and other goods leaving southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden through Harar.
The railway continued to operate following the Italian conquest of Ethiopia but, following the tumult of the Second World War, the area became an overseas territory of France in 1946.
In 1967, French Somaliland was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas and, in 1977, it became the independent country of Djibouti.
Edna Mae Durbin (December 4, 1921 – April 17, 2013), known professionally as Deanna Durbin, was a Canadian-born actress and singer, later settled in France, who appeared in musical films in the 1930s and 1940s.
With the technical skill and vocal range of a legitimate lyric soprano, she performed many styles from popular standards to operatic arias.
As she matured, Durbin grew dissatisfied with the girl-next-door roles assigned to her, and attempted to portray a more womanly and sophisticated style.
Durbin retired from acting and singing in 1949, and withdrew from public life, granting no interviews for the remainder of her life, except for one in 1983.
Edna Mae Durbin was born on December 4, 1921, at Grace Hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the younger daughter of James Allen Durbin (1885–1976) and his wife Ada (née Read) Durbin (1885–1972), who were originally from Chester, England.
When she was an infant, her family moved from Winnipeg to Southern California, and her parents became United States citizens in 1923.
By the time she was 10, her parents recognized that she had definite talent and enrolled her in voice lessons at the Ralph Thomas Academy.
In early 1935, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was planning a biographical film on the life of opera star Ernestine Schumann-Heink and was having difficulty finding an actress to play the young opera singer.
MGM casting director Rufus LeMaire heard about a talented young soloist performing with the Ralph Thomas Academy and called her in for an audition.
The film was intended as a demonstration of their talent as performers as studio executives had questioned the wisdom of casting two female singers together.
When producer Joe Pasternak cast the film, he wanted to borrow Garland from MGM, but Garland was not available at the time.
Andrés de Segurola, who was the vocal coach working with Universal Studios—himself a former Metropolitan Opera singer—believed that Durbin was a potential opera star.
Also in 1936, Durbin began a radio collaboration with Eddie Cantor which lasted until 1938, when her heavy workload for Universal forced her to quit her weekly appearances.
A musical comedy in a Western setting, this production was filmed mostly on location in southern Utah and co-starred Robert Paige.
In 1946, Durbin was the second-highest paid woman in the United States, just behind Bette Davis, and in 1947, she was the top-salaried woman in the United States.
On August 22, 1948, two months after completing her final film, Universal-International announced a lawsuit which sought to collect from Durbin $87,083 in wages the studio had paid her in advance.
Her second marriage to film writer-producer-actor Felix Jackson in 1945 produced a daughter, Jessica Louise Jackson, but a divorce followed in 1949.
In the interview, she steadfastly asserted her right to privacy and maintained it until the end of her life, declining to be profiled on websites.
According to the Social Security Death Index (under the name Edna M. David), she died on April 17, 2013 in Neauphle-le-Château, France.
Indian-Bengali film director Satyajit Ray, in his acceptance speech for an Oscar (Honorary – Lifetime Achievement) in 1992, mentioned Deanna Durbin as the only one of the three cinema personalities he recalled writing to when young who had acknowledged his fan letter with a reply.
It was officially inaugurated as a National Trail on 24 May 2007 and several new rights of way have been created.
The Cotswold Way route was first suggested some 50 years ago by Gloucestershire-area Ramblers, of which Tony Drake (d. 7 March 2012) of Cheltenham area and the late Cyril Trenfield of the South Gloucestershire area were principals.
Although recognised as a suitable route for a National Trail in due course, the path was initially sponsored by Gloucestershire County Council, who had no powers of footpath creation, and so used only existing rights of way.
An early guide to the Way, in the hand-drawn pictorial style of Alfred Wainwright, was produced by another Cheltenham-area rambler, Mark Richards, in 1973.
Following the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949, which made provision for the designation and creation of long distance paths, I put forward the idea of a footpath route following the Cotswold escarpment.
This met with great interest but the plans which the Gloucestershire Committee of the Ramblers Association submitted to the National Parks Commission in 1953, though acknowledged and mentioned in the Commission's annual report of that year, was nevertheless pigeonholed and largely forgotten until Gloucestershire County Council prepared its recreational plan for the countryside in 1968.
The County Council decided to designate a Cotswold Way route itself, using existing public rights of way, and the scheme was launched during Footpath Week in May 1970.
As it closely follows the scarp of the Cotswold Edge, the Cotswold Way usually affords views, mainly to the north and west—starting in the south with the Severn Estuary and Severn bridges, the meanders of the River Severn above Sharpness, the Forest of Dean, the Welsh hills of Monmouthshire and the Black Mountains on the Welsh border to the west.
The distinctive shape of May Hill is visible for much of the route, as is the long spine of the Malvern Hills.
Further north on the path, above Cheltenham, there are old quarries containing rock features such as the Devil's Chimney at Leckhampton.
The classic Cotswold villages of Stanton and Stanway are visited, then Broadway village, before the final steep ascent to Broadway Tower and the scenic descent to Chipping Campden.
The trail runs northeast from Bath to Chipping Campden, through or near to the following towns: Old Sodbury, near Chipping Sodbury, Wotton-under-Edge, Dursley, Stroud, Painswick, Cranham, Leckhampton, Cheltenham, Winchcombe, Stanway and Broadway.
It passes numerous places of interest, including the site of the Battle of Lansdowne, the Somerset Monument, the Tyndale Monument, Sudeley Castle, Cleeve Hill, Hailes Abbey, and the Broadway Tower.
With the exception of a small stretch around Broadway (which is in Worcestershire), the entire walk is within Gloucestershire (including South Gloucestershire) and Somerset (including Bath and North East Somerset).
Greater New Haven is the metropolitan area whose extent includes those towns in the U.S. state of Connecticut that share an economic, social, political, and historical focus on the city of New Haven.
The region is known for its educational and economic connections to Yale University, oceanside recreation and the beach-community feel of the shoreline towns east of New Haven, and the trap rock landscapes stretching north from New Haven.
The New Haven metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is the set of municipalities containing the contiguous urbanized area centered on the city of New Haven.
A service delivery area is a geographical area within which employment and training services are provided under the Job Training Partnership Act.
A labor market area, as defined by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, is an economically integrated area within which individuals can reside and find employment within a reasonable distance or can readily change employment without changing their place of residence.
The New Haven NECTA is the set of towns containing the contiguous urbanized area centered on the city of New Haven, plus additional outlying towns that have a sufficient number of people commuting into the central towns.
This definition includes 23 towns, adding the following ten towns: Chester, Cheshire, Clinton, Deep River, Durham, Essex, Killingworth, Meriden, Middlefield, Old Saybrook, and Westbrook.
This definition includes a significant portion of the Lower Connecticut River Valley, which is not usually included in local definitions of Greater New Haven.
The New Haven MSA is the set of counties containing the contiguous urbanized area centered on the city of New Haven.
This definition, while consistent with national definitions of metropolitan areas, includes the city of Waterbury and its southern and eastern suburbs, which are not usually included in local definitions of Greater New Haven.
Metro North's New Haven Line serves New Haven State St and New Haven Union Station in downtown New Haven, West Haven as well as Milford.
Shore Line East serves both New Haven stations plus Branford, Guilford, Madison, Clinton and Westbrook in the region, with service to Old Saybrook and New London as well as limited service to west of New Haven.
Both of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services go through New Haven Union Station; most Acela Express and all Northeast Regional trains stop.
Previously an industrial maritime powerhouse of the region and once Scotland's greatest coal port, it is now redirecting itself towards a green energy future.
Prior to the Reformation when Methil was absorbed into the Parish of Wemyss, it was an independent parish centred around a church situated inland of what is now Methilmill Cemetery.
In the 17th century, it developed as a coastal village, first with a tidal harbour, thereafter expanding considerably at the start of the 20th century due to a boom in coal mining.
From 1920 the development of (mainly) council housing caused the town to expand inland to meet up with the formerly separate village of Methilhill and reach the boundaries of Methilmill Cemetery and the site of the ancient parish church.
Historically, the main industry in the area was coal mining, with most of the coal exported through Methil Docks, which exported over 3,000,000 tons per year between the WW1 and WW2.
Nearby is the new Bayview Stadium, home to East Fife Football Club, previously located more centrally in the town at the corner of Wellesley and Kirkland Roads.
The town was traversed by several railways linking the local collieries to the docks, one of which crossed the High Street on an overbridge.
After the post-war nationalisation of the railways, the coal mines and the docks continued to be linked by the Wemyss Private Railway as well as by British Railways (which had replaced the LNER and the North British Railway).
Now there is strong local pressure to reopen the railway line from Thornton Junction, which would arguably help both trade and improve public transport, including tourism for the whole area.
It was amalgamated with Buckhaven High School in August 2016 to form Levenmouth Academy, both of the older schools being demolished immediately thereafter.
Primary schools in the area include Denbeath Primary, Aberhill Primary ('listed' as of architectural/historical interest and long outliving the 1950s and 1960s secondary school buildings) and Methilhill Primary.
Local politics is controlled by Fife Council although there is interest being shown by some people in redeveloping more locally centred councils.
The Maldives are formed by a number of natural atolls plus atolls in the form of a few islands and isolated reefs today which form a pattern stretching from 7 degrees 10′ North to 0 degrees 45′ South.
Some atolls are in the form of a number of islands by time and in the form of isolated reefs, which could be classified as smaller atoll formations.
The atolls of the Maldives form a quite regular chain and, especially in the northern and central atolls, an arrayed structure is apparent.
In 1834–1836 British captain Robert Moresby undertook the laborious and difficult cartography of the Maldive Islands, drawing the first accurate maritime charts of this complicated Indian Ocean atoll group.
Although they contain a few errors, Moresby's charts were so good that they were favoured by Maldivian pilots navigating through the treacherous waters of their atolls until the 1990s.
At the time that they were drawn, the maps of the Maldives were deemed of such a high quality that they were inspected personally by Queen Victoria.
Owing to the many beautiful diving grounds of the numerous atolls of the Maldives, this country has been marketed as a prime destination for scuba divers worldwide.
Hence, during the last couple of decades many guides and maps of the best diving spots have been published and some of them are very accurate and give a wide array of useful hints.
The list below are the names of the geographical or natural atolls and single islands of the Maldives archipelago, going from north to south, together with a brief description.
There are several coral patches in the lagoon and the general depth in the centre is 20 to 30 fathoms (35 to 55 m).
Ihavandhippolhu is bounded in the north by the broad channel known as Māmalē Kandu (or Maliku Kandu) which separates the islands of Maldives from those belonging to India.
Administratively, Ihavandhippolhu belongs to the North Thiladhunmathi (Haa Alifu) Atoll administrative division which also includes the northernmost portion of the Thiladhunmathi natural atoll.
Boduthiladhunmathi Atoll (Tiladummati in the Admiralty Charts) is the largest of the Maldives atolls and the world's largest atoll (not taking into account the mostly submerged Great Chagos Bank and Saya de Malha Bank).
The general depth of the centre of this part is 20 to 25 fathoms (37 m to 46 m) and the bottom is sandy.
Administratively, Thiladhunmathi Atoll together with the Miladhunmadulu group are divided among four administrative divisions, namely North Thiladhunmathi (Haa Alifu) Atoll, South Thiladhunmathi (Haa Dhaalu) Atoll, North Miladhunmadulu (Shaviyani) Atoll and South Miladhunmadulu (Noonu) Atoll.
It has only one inhabited island, Makunudhoo and three other islands (namely Innafushi, Fenboahuraa and Edipparufushi) and it lies west of the NW part of the Miladhummadulhu group.
Owing to the violence of the surf and the perpendicular sides of the reef scarcely a vestige of the wreck remains after a few hours.
Etthingili Alifushi Atoll consists of two islands, Alifushi and Etthingili (also known as Kalhifushi), known as 'The Powell Islands' in the Admiralty Chart.
The islands stand on a detached reef of their own with very deep waters (no sounding) between this reef and the northern end of the main Atoll.
Its western fringe is composed of a series of round or oval reefs (farus) irregularly placed (a feature peculiar to all the larger Northern Atolls).
It has 11 islands with the only inhabited island being Kudarikilu Island on its SE corner just opposite Landaa Giraavaru Island of Southern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll.
The inner lagoon has a depth of 17 to 20 fathoms (31 to 37 m); it has a sandy bottom mixed with mud and clay.
Faadhippolhu Atoll is a smaller atoll with a well-defined barrier reef to the east, on which the NE monsoon (iruvai) breaks with violence.
Its bottom is sandy and there are a number of coral patches and sunken reefs dotting it, except for the south-eastern side.
Kaashidhu Atoll, lies towards the eastern end of the channel to which it gives its name ('Kardiva Channel' in the Admiralty Chart).
Gahaafaru Atoll also known as Gaafaru Atoll or Gaafarufalhu is a small atoll at the eastern end of a large elliptical reef that has proved disastrous to many vessels with the wrecks of Aracan (1873), SS Seagull (1879), Clan Alpine (1879), Erlangen (1894), Crusader (1905) and Lady Cristine (1974).
long and wide Gaafaru reef is as much a separate atoll as Goidu or Rasdhu which are similar in structure and size.
Rasdhu Atoll also known as Rasdhukuramathi Atoll ('Ross Atoll' in the Admiralty Chart) is a small atoll with an almost round lagoon.
Except for a small barrier reef in its southern end, it is shaped by a succession of large, separate oval reefs, like the large atolls in the North, with a clear rim of large faru to the east.
In places its lagoon contains small reef-patches, but it is generally dotted with many large coral reefs, some of which remain submerged even at low tide.
Felidhe Atoll has a very irregular outline; it is surrounded by continuous barrier reefs, or by small patches with vilu separated by narrow passages.
The depth of its inner lagoon is between 12 and 20 fathoms (22 to 37 m) and its bottom is sandy.
Mulaku Atoll is a very shut-in atoll with an open lagoon surrounded by barrier reefs which are remarkably straight and broad in its western fringe.
It is separated from the other Maldive atolls by the channels Vattaru Kandu in the north, Kudahuvadhoo Kandu in the south and the Hatharu-Atholhu Medu Kandu in the west.
There are many coral patches and the depth of the water varies from 28 to 40 fathoms (51 to 73 m); sandy bottom.
The eastern and western rows of atolls that form Central Maldives end in Kolhumadulu Atoll south of the channel Kudahuvadhoo Kandu.
Owing to its typical atoll shape, it differs in no respect from atolls in the Pacific Ocean, save for its greater size.
The lagoon is comparatively open, although it is studded with numerous small coral patches or shoals which are awash at low tide.
The lagoon is comparatively open, containing scattered shoal patches and no emerged islands; the bottom is muddy and the average depth is from 30 to 34 fathoms (55 to 62 m).
Huvadhoo Atoll ( 'Huvadu Atoll' in the Admiralty Chart) measures from north to south, embracing an area of about 2,900 square km.
The exterior islands, formed in general of coral boulders on their seaward side (futtaru) and sand on the reef’s inner face (etherevaru), are string along the east, south and SW sides of the atoll.
There are over 230 islands with 30 sandy islands in the centre of its lagoon, more than any other atoll of the Maldives.
The stretch between the channels of Kaadedhoo Kandu and Fiyoaree Kandu alone has 77 islands, only 5 being inhabited and many unnamed.
The lagoon bottom is covered with sand and has a maximum depth of 50 fathoms (91 m), being on average deeper than any other lagoon of the Maldive Atolls.
It is a relatively isolated atoll with the Huvadhoo Kandu (Suvadiva Channel) to the north and the Addoo Kandu (South Equatorial Channel) to the south.This is the worlds 3rd lagest atoll.Geographicallyfrom the number of islands and from the area this atoll is known as the world biggest atoll.
Fuvahmulah ('Fua Mulaku' in the Admiralty Chart) is a large single island (by itself a small detached atoll) which lies in the Equatorial Channel.
In the distant past Fuvahmulah was a small coral atoll whose southern end was open at a spot called Diyarehifaando and the inside of the island was a saltwater lagoon forming a natural harbour.
There is a spot in the southern end known as a Kudhuheraivali (the forest of the small islet), which indicates that there was a separate little island in that area in ancient times.
In time the inner lagoon lost its saltiness and all that remains today are two small lakes, wetlands and marshy taro fields.
Addu Atoll is long and it is fringed by broad barrier reefs with large islands on its eastern and western sides.
Its lagoon has no islands and is relatively open with few shoals in its centre, but having mazes of coral patches close to the NW and NE corners of its encircling reefs in 7 to 10 fathoms (13 to 18 m) of water.
The distance from Addu Atoll to the closest island in the Chagos Archipelago (Île Yeye, Peros Banhos Atoll) is about , with nothing but deep ocean in between them.
Note: Further south Haddhummati in the middle of the vast emptiness of the Huvadu Channel there is a small bank known as Medutila (also called Derahaa).
This bank is very difficult to spot for at its shallowest point there is a depth of 6 fathoms (11 m).
The names of the natural atolls of the Maldives are the names given to them by the first settlers of the country or the names derived from these.
The atolls are usually named after islands that belong to the atoll and perhaps those that were the first sites of settlements in each atoll, or the main island of each atoll.
The few atoll names on the Admitralty charts that differ from their local Dhivehi names (namely Malcolm Atoll, Horsburg Atoll and Ross Atoll) were named by Robert Moresby in honor of famous commanders and officers of the British Empire, after the Moresby Cartographic Survey (1834–1836) of the Maldive Islands.
One is the channel into the atoll's lagoon and the other is the passage on top of the reef into the vilu.
Human action, in the form of jetties or the dredging of channels on the reef, may change the pattern of currents on the reef and accelerate erosion.
The atolls in Maldives are often separated from each other by vast expanses of the deepest ocean; but despite the great distances, the daily life of Maldivians in the individual inhabited islands shows very few differences all along the length of the atoll chain.
90,000), the environment in most islands is dominated by practically the same small number of ingredients: trees of a few types, low houses with small yards, the waterside always close at hand and almost no dramatic variations in the landscape.
The Maldive atolls are part of the long submerged mountain range that extends from the Laccadives, or Lakshadweep, in the north, to the Chagos in the south.
Northern Maldivians used to visit often Maliku, Minicoy Island, before the 1960s when it was allowed for them to do so.
But even in these remote and strongly oceanic Southern Maldive atolls, knowledge about their neighboring island group is only vague and fragmentary.
Unlike in the Maldives there is not a clearly discernible pattern of arrayed atolls, which makes the whole archipelago look somewhat chaotic.
It is not clear where exactly Ihavandhippolhu Atoll, Maamakunudhoo Atoll, Goifulhafehendhu Atoll, Fasdūtherē Atoll, Vattaru Faru/Atholhu, Gahaafaru Atoll, Rasdhukuramathi Atoll as well as the islands of Alifushi-Ethingili, Kaashidhoo and Thoddoo were grouped in this early classification.
Since these Administrative Divisions of the Maldives are called 'atolls', but are not always consisting of an atoll proper, they should not be confused with a natural atoll.
Many people have come to think that the code-letter of the administrative atoll is its new name and that it has replaced its geographical name.
Aware of the extent of this problem, Maldivian expert Mr. Ibrahim Luthfee wrote a book on Maldivian geography before he died.
With this book, which is unfortunately available only in Divehi, the late Mr. Luthfee tried to clear a number of misconceptions that carelessly researched tourist publications have generalized even among Maldivians.
In 2009 the 20 administrative divisions (that is, excluding Male') were grouped under seven provinces, with each province comprising two or more natural atolls (with the exception of the Medhu-Dhekunu Province made up of solely Huvadhu Atoll).
The city was founded in 1970 out of the formerly independent villages of Willich, Anrath, Schiefbahn and Neersen, although the villages are much older.
The villages belonged to the Electorate of Cologne until the French Revolutionary Wars when they were occupied and annexed by France in 1794.
The village was already impoverished by the decline of previously dominant domestic weaving and now the municipal administration of Anrath even considered a dissolution of the village.
In 1908 Stahlwerk Becker (a steel mill) was built and up to its closing in 1932 was one of the largest employers in Willich.
The factory was finally closed in 1945 and the grounds were converted to a military base for the British Armed Forces.
During Operation Grenade on March 1, 1945 American forces which had entered Schiefbahn met a counterattack from a German Panzer unit.
During the Third Reich, the Nazis deported 40 Jews - of which 38 were ultimately murdered in the Nazi death camps.
The British Army had soldiers stationed in Willich for more than 40 years: 40 Army Engineer Support Regiment (40 AESR), which by the early 80s was reduced down to 40 Army Engineer Support Group (40 AESG).
Sydney Trains is a train operator of a commuter-based rail network centred on the metropolitan area of Sydney which comprises seven metropolitan lines.
The entire length of railway in New South Wales is maintained by Transport for New South Wales which is a statutory authority of the Government of New South Wales.
The Sydney Trains network extends up to Berowra, to the north, Richmond to the north-west, Emu Plains to the west, Waterfall to the south, and Macarthur to the south west.
Most of the Sydney Trains network runs on the surface of suburban areas while some recently constructed and inner city sections will run underground.
It was originally used for only women's palms and sometimes for men, but as time progressed, it was more common for men to wear it.
Staining oneself with turmeric paste, as well as mehndi, are Vedic customs, intended to be a symbolic representation of the outer and the inner sun.
Traditional Indian designs are representations of the sun on the palm, which, in this context, is intended to represent the hands and feet.
Women usually apply mehndi designs to their hands and feet, though some, including cancer patients and women with alopecia occasionally decorate their scalps.
The standard color of henna is brown, but other design colors such as white, red, black and gold are sometimes employed.
In Hindu festivals, many women have Henna applied to their hands and feet and sometimes on the back of their shoulders too, as men have it applied on their arms, legs, back, and chest.
For women, it is usually drawn on the palm, back of the hand and on feet, where the design will be clearest due to contrast with the lighter skin on these surfaces, which naturally contain less of the pigment melanin.
Alta, Alata, or Mahur is a red dye used similarly to henna to paint the feet of the brides in some regions of India, for instance in Bengal.
PPD may cause severe allergic reactions and was voted Allergen of the Year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society.
In the Middle East and Africa, it is common for women to apply henna to their fingernails and toenails and to their hands.
After about 15–20 minutes, the mud will dry and begin to crack, and during this time, a mixture of lemon juice and white sugar can be applied over the henna design to remoisten the henna mud so that the henna will stain darker.
The painted area is then wrapped with tissue, plastic, or medical tape to lock in body heat, creating a more intense colour on the skin.
When first removed, the henna design is pale to dark orange in colour and gradually darkens through oxidation, over the course of 24 to 72 hours.
The final color is reddish brown and can last anywhere from one to three weeks depending on the quality and type of henna paste applied, as well as where it was applied on the body (thicker skin stains darker and longer than thin skin).
Traditional Hindu or Sikh weddings in India can often be long, ritualistic, and elaborate affairs with many pre-wedding, wedding and post wedding ceremonies of Muslims.
Different countries and regions of a country celebrate the ceremonies in different ways according to their own marriage customs, rituals, and culture.
Henna parties were often held in the house that the bride was going to live in, and the guests included girls and women from the bride and groom's side of the family.
According to Hindu tradition, the ceremony is mainly held at the bride's house or at a banquet hall on the eve of the marriage ceremony or few days before the marriage.
Generally, the bride and groom attend the event together and on the occasion, a professional mehndi artist or a relative applies mehndi to the bride's hands and feet.
The event generally has a celebratory festival feel to it with the women dancing and singing traditional songs and the girls wearing vivid colors such as hot pink and yellow, often if the bride to be wishes to tease her future groom she will make him wear purple.
In Pakistan, the Mehndi ceremony is referred to Rasm-e-Heena and is often one of the most important pre-wedding ceremonies, which is celebrated by the bride's family.
In Bangladesh, the Mehndi ceremony has traditionally been separated into two events; one organized by the bride's family and one, by the groom's family.
Mehndi ceremonies take place outside the Indian subcontinent amongst the South Asian community and places like Birmingham in the UK are such known hotspots for lavish Mehndi celebrations.
The henna, a dye produced from a henna plant, would be delivered by the groom's relatives on a silver tray containing two burning candles.
Then, the bride's soon to be mother-in-law would then bring out a piece of silk cloth as a gift to the bride.
The bride would then walk along the unrolled piece of silk cloth in the direction of her future mother-in-law and kiss her hand.
Once this is done, fruits, nuts, and pastries would be brought out and songs would be sung in hopes of making the bride cry.
The bride would then sit on a cushion while her mother-in-law placed a gold coin in her hand as another sign of good luck.
The person who applied the henna was always someone who was already known to be happily married; that person would apply the henna onto the bride's palms, fingers, and toes.
For this reason, it was suggested that it be applied between thirty-two and forty-eight hours before the wedding so that it may have enough time to stain the skin.
The judges, Eusebius notes, must have been motivated either out of compassion or the hope that he might change his mind and renounce Christianity.
According to Eusebius, he not only refused the offer, but he is said to have cheerfully rushed headlong into the bear.
It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes.
As of the , Mendoza had a population of 115,041 with a metropolitan population of 1,055,679, making Greater Mendoza the fourth largest census metropolitan area in the country.
The city is a frequent stopover for climbers on their way to Aconcagua (the highest mountain in the Western and Southern Hemispheres) and for adventure travelers interested in mountaineering, hiking, horse riding, rafting, and other sports.
As such, Mendoza is one of the nine Great Wine Capitals, and the city is an emerging enotourism destination and base for exploring the region's hundreds of wineries located along the Argentina Wine Route.
The system is still evident today in the wide trenches (acequias), which run along all city streets, watering the approximately 100,000 trees that line every street in Mendoza.
It is estimated that fewer than 80 Spanish settlers lived in the area before 1600, but later prosperity increased due to the use of indigenous and slave labor, and the Jesuit presence in the region.
The extra revenues generated from this, and the ensuing additional trade with Buenos Aires, no doubt led to the creation of the state of Cuyo in 1813 with José de San Martín as governor.
It was from Mendoza that San Martín and other Argentinian and Chilean patriots organized the army with which they won the independence of Chile and Peru.
Tourism, wine production, and more recently the exploitation of hard commodities such as oil and uranium ensure Mendoza's status as a key regional center.
Important suburbs such as Godoy Cruz, Guaymallén, Las Heras, Luján de Cuyo and Maipú have in recent decades far outpaced the city proper in population.
Comprising half the metro population of 212,000 in 1947, these suburbs grew to nearly ⅞ of the total metro area of over 1,000,000 by 2015, making Mendoza the most dispersed metro area in Argentina.
Mendoza has several museums, including the Museo Cornelio Moyano, a natural history museum, and the Museo del Área Fundacional (Historical Regional Foundation Museum) on Pedro del Castillo Square.
The Museo Nacional del Vino (National Wine Museum), focusing on the history of winemaking in the area, is southeast of Mendoza in Maipú.
The Casa de Fader, a historic house museum, is an 1890 mansion once home to artist Fernando Fader in nearby Mayor Drummond, south of Mendoza.
Part of the festivities include a beauty pageant, where 17 beauty queens from each department of Mendoza Province compete, and one winner is selected by a panel of about 50 judges.
Mendoza has a number of universities, including the major Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, as well as University of Mendoza, a branch of Universidad Congreso, Aconcagua University, UTN (Universidad Tecnologica Nacional) and Champagnat University.
Mendoza is a popular place to learn Spanish, and there are a number of Spanish language schools, including Intercultural, Green Fields and SIMA.
The city is centered around Plaza Independencia (Independence Plaza) with Avenida Sarmiento running through its center east-west, with the east side pedestrianized (peatonal).
Other major streets, running perpendicular to Sarmiento, include Bartolomé Mitre, San Martín, and 9 de Julio (July 9th), those running parallel include Colón, and Las Heras.
Unique to Mendoza are the exposed stone ditches, essentially small canals, which run alongside many of the roads supplying water to the thousands of trees.
Its grounds include the Mendoza Zoological Park and a football stadium, and it is also the home of the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.
Francisco Gabrielli International Airport serves Mendoza, with flights to/from Buenos Aires taking less than 2 hours and less than 1 hour to/from Santiago.
The trolleybuses are more comfortable than the diesel buses, but are slower, not as numerous nor is the system as extensive.
A heritage railway, El Tren del Vino (The Wine Train) is being planned which will also provide local transportation; it will run through wine-producing districts of Mendoza.
A new light rail line, the Metrotranvía Mendoza, opened for regular service in October 2012. and serves five areas of the Greater Mendoza conurbation.
The line runs from (at the site of the former intercity passenger train station, near the city centre) south to Maipú.
The bright red railcars, Siemens-Düwag U2 models, were purchased from the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) of San Diego, California, USA in 2010.
Mendoza's development was helped partly due to its position at the start of the Transandine Railway linking it to Santa Rosa de Los Andes in Chile.
The Transandine Railway is a line, with sections of Abt rack, whilst the railways it links with are both broad gauge.
A journey from Buenos Aires to Chile involved two breaks-of-gauge, and therefore two changes of train, one at Mendoza, and the other at Santa Rosa de Los Andes.
Vintner Nicolas Catena Zapata is considered the pioneer of high-altitude growing and was the first, in 1994, to plant a malbec vineyard at 5,000 feet above sea level in the Mendoza region.
Several dozens of sets were built, ranging from a long recreation of the Tibetan capital city of Lhasa (built in the foothills of the Andes), to a recreation of the Hall of Good Deeds in the Potala, the ancient palace of the Dalai Lama (built in an abandoned garlic warehouse outside the city).
The city boasts at least two significant football clubs—Independiente Rivadavia and Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza, although neither currently plays in the Primera División.
Examples of approximated five-point perspective can also be found in the self-portrait of the mannerist painter Parmigianino seen through a shaving mirror.
The system uses curving perspective lines instead of straight converging ones to approximate the image on the retina of the eye, which is itself spherical, more accurately than the traditional linear perspective, which uses straight lines and gets very strangely distorted at the edges.
This technique can, like two-point perspective, use a vertical line as a horizon line, creating both a worms and birds eye view at the same time.
It uses four or more points equally spaced along a horizon line, all vertical lines are made perpendicular to the horizon line, while orthogonals are created using a compass set on a line made at a 90-degree angle through each of the four vanishing points.
Distances a and c between the viewer and the wall are greater than the b distance, so adopting the principle that when an object is a greater distance from the observer, it becomes smaller, the wall is reduced and thus appears distorted at the edges.
A line that does not pass through the origin is projected to a great circle on the sphere, which is further projected to an ellipse on the plane.
Joel Albert McCrea (November 5, 1905 – October 20, 1990) was an American actor whose career spanned almost five decades, appearing in over one hundred films.
McCrea graduated from Hollywood High School and then Pomona College (class of 1928), where he had acted on stage and took courses in drama and public speaking, while appearing regularly at the Pasadena Playhouse.
As a high school student, he worked as a stunt double and held horses for cowboy stars William S. Hart and Tom Mix.
He moved to RKO in 1930, where he established himself as a handsome leading man who was considered versatile enough to star in both dramas and comedies.
In a 1978 interview, he said: I liked doing comedies, but as I got older I was better suited to do Westerns.
Because I think it becomes unattractive for an older fellow trying to look young, falling in love with attractive girls in those kinds of situations...
In 1968, McCrea received a career achievement award from the L.A. Film Critics Association, and the following year he was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Joel McCrea has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6901 Hollywood Blvd.
Joel McCrea's work ethic was in part attributed to his Scottish heritage and it also may have stemmed from his friendship in the 1930s with fellow personality and sometime actor Will Rogers.
This was the beginning of what became a spread on which McCrea and his wife Frances lived, raised their sons, and rode their horses.
By the end of the 1940s, McCrea was a multi-millionaire, as much from his real-estate dealings as from his movie stardom.
In the early 1960s, he sold of land to an oil company, on the condition that they would not drill within sight of his home.
After his death his family ultimately donated thirty five acres of their personal property to the newly formed Conejo Valley YMCA for the city of Thousand Oaks, California preserving the ranch.
They also donated 75 acres to the Conejo Open Space Conservancy Agency (COSCA), which is designated as the Joel McCrea Wildlife Preserve; and five acres to the Boys and Girls Club of Camarillo, CA.
Joel McCrea made his final public appearance on October 3, 1990, at a fundraiser for Republican gubernatorial candidate Pete Wilson in Beverly Hills.
He died less than three weeks later, on October 20, at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California from pneumonia, at the age of 84.
Werner Karl Otto Theodor von Haeften (9 October 1908 – 21 July 1944) was an Oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht who took part in the military-based conspiracy against Adolf Hitler known as the 20 July plot.
He studied law in his home town and then worked for a bank in Hamburg until the outbreak of the Second World War when he joined the German Army.
In 1943, having recovered from a severe wound he had suffered on the Eastern Front, Haeften became adjutant to Oberst Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, one of the leading figures in the German Resistance.
All four plotters were shot after midnight by a ten-man firing squad from the Grossdeutschland Guards Battalion in the courtyard of the War Ministry, the Bendlerblock.
When Stauffenberg was about to be shot, in a last gesture of loyalty and defiance, Haeften placed himself in the path of the bullets meant for Stauffenberg.
Haeften's brother Hans Bernd von Haeften, who had also been involved in the anti-Hitler plot, was executed on 15 August at Plötzensee Prison.
Since 2013, the coupé and convertible models have been marketed as the 4 Series, therefore the 3 Series range no longer includes these body styles.
At launch, all models used carburetted 4-cylinder engines, however fuel injected models were introduced in late 1975 and 6-cylinder engines were added in 1977.
It was also the first 3 Series to offer a diesel engine, and all-wheel drive was introduced to the 3 Series range with the 325iX model.
It was also the first 3 Series to be available with a 6-speed manual transmission (in the 1996 M3), a 5-speed automatic transmission and a four-cylinder diesel engine.
The E46 generation introduced various electronic features to the 3 Series, including satellite navigation, electronic brake-force distribution, rain-sensing wipers and LED tail-lights.
The M3 version of the E46 was powered by the S54 straight-six engine and was available in coupé and convertible body styles (other than that, it was powered with the M54 in non-M3 cars).
For the F30/F31/F34 series, the coupe and convertible models were split from the 3 Series and sold as the BMW 4 Series.
The M3 version (designated F80, the first time an M3 has used a separate model designation) was released in 2014 and is powered by the S55 twin-turbo straight-6 engine.
M3 models have been derived from the E30, E36, E46, E90/E92/E93, and F30 (designated F80) 3 series, and sold with coupe, sedan and convertible body styles.
The last M3 coupe was produced in Germany on 5 July 2013, replaced by the F82/F83 M4 Coupe and convertible starting with the 2015 model year, but the M3 name remains in use for the sedan version.
The Isle of Man Football League is the senior football league on the Isle of Man and is run by the Isle of Man Football Association.
Although the league is affiliated with The Football Association, it does not form a part of the English football league system.
In 2006 they beat the Cambridgeshire County League XI and qualified for the 2007 UEFA Regions' Cup, being eliminated in the group stage in Czech Republic.
They won the Inter-League Cup again in 2013, but again were eliminated in the group stage of the Regions Cup, this time in Slovakia.
There are 26 clubs in the Isle of Man Football League which are grouped into two divisions: Premier League and Division Two.
Each division has 13 clubs and in any given season a club plays each of the others in the same division twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home and once at that of their opponents.
At the end of each season the two lowest placed clubs in the Premier League are relegated to Division two, and the top two placed clubs from Division Two are promoted to the Premier League.
It can be done by partial melting of a solid, for example in zone refining of silicon or metals, or by partial crystallization of a liquid, as in freeze distillation, also called normal freezing or progressive freezing.
Partial crystallization can also be achieved by adding a dilute solvent to the mixture, and cooling and concentrating the mixture by evaporating the solvent, a process called solution crystallization.
Freeze distillation is a misnomer, because it is not distillation but rather a process of enriching a solution by partially freezing it and removing frozen material that is poorer in the dissolved material than is the liquid portion left behind.
Such enrichment parallels enrichment by true distillation, where the evaporated and re-condensed portion is richer than the liquid portion left behind.
If, however, a eutectic system forms (analogous to an azeotrope in distillation), a very pure solid can be recovered, as long as the liquid is not at its eutectic composition (in which case a mixed solid forms, which can be hard to separate) or above its eutectic composition (in which case the undesired solid forms).
Fractional freezing is also used in the production of fruit juice concentrates and other heat-sensitive liquids, as it does not involve heating the liquid (as happens during evaporation).
In a process that naturally occurs with sea ice, frozen salt water, when partially melted, leaves behind ice that is of a much lower salt content.
Because sodium chloride lowers the melting point of water, the salt in sea water tends to be forced out of pure water while freezing, called brine rejection.
Large lakes of higher salinity water, called polynas, form in the middle of floes, and the water eventually sinks to the bottom.
Fractional freezing can be used as a simple method to increase the alcohol concentration in fermented alcoholic beverages, a process sometimes called freeze distillation.
In practice, while not able to produce an alcohol concentration comparable to distillation, this technique can achieve some concentration with far less effort than any practical distillation apparatus would require.
The danger of freeze distillation of alcoholic beverages, is that unlike heat distillation, where the methanol and other impurities can be separated from the finished product, freeze distillation does not remove them.
Thus the ratio of impurities may be increased compared to the total volume of the beverage, though not necessarily compared to the amount of ethanol.
Fractional freezing is commonly used as a simple method to reduce the gel point of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels, whereby esters of higher gel point are removed from esters of lower gel point through cold filtering, or other methods to reduce the subsequent alternative fuel gel point of the fuel blend.
This process employs fuel stratification whereby components in the fuel blend develop a higher specific gravity as they approach their respective gel points and thus sink to the bottom of the container, where they can be removed.
They are known as homofermenters meaning that they produce a single product, lactic acid in this case, as the major or only product of glucose fermentation.
Their main purpose in dairy production is the rapid acidification of milk; this causes a drop in the pH of the fermented product, which prevents the growth of spoilage bacteria.
ANIM is a file format, used to store digital movies and computer generated animations (hence the ANIM name), and is a variation of the ILBM format, which is a subformat of Interchange File Format.
The ANIM IFF format was developed in 1988 at Sparta Inc., a firm based in California, originally for the production of animated video sequences on the Amiga computer, and was used for the first time in Aegis Development's Videoscape and Video Titler programs for the Amiga line of computers.
As being very efficient and also being an official subset of existing Amiga ILBM/IFF standard file format, it became the de facto standard for any animation file on Amiga.
Most of these are strictly of historical interest as the only one currently used is the vertical run length encoded byte encoding developed by Atari software programmer Jim Kent.
The initial frame is a normal run-length-encoded, IFF picture, and this allows to have an initial preview of the contents of the file.
While the actual frame is shown on, the subsequent frame is loaded into a swap buffer page of graphic memory and Amiga switch between the screens istantanely while loading the subsequent frames thanks to its bit-blitter circuit capabilities and the DMA feature of its graphic chipset that could access memory without asking request of the CPU.
To better understand this, suppose one has two screens, called A and B, and the ability to instantly switch the display from one to the other.
Note that frame 2 is stored as differences from frame 1, but all other frames are stored as differences from two frames back.
The BODY will normally be a standard run-length-encoded data chunk (but also any other legal compression mode as indicated by the BMHD).
The subsequent FORMs ILBM contain an ANHD, instead of a BMHD, which duplicates some of BMHD and has additional parameters pertaining to the animation frame.
In addition, other chunks may be placed in each of these as deemed necessary (and as code is placed in player programs to utilize them).
However, this inconsistency was not noted until there were a number of commercial products either released or close to release which generated/played this format.
Anim format allow five methods of compression: XOR mode, Long Delta mode, Short Delta mode, General Delta mode and Byte Vertical Compression.
The frame data from the ANIM file is used to modify the hidden frame to the next frame to be shown.
Note that runs of zero bytes, which will be very common, can be ignored, as an exclusive or of any byte value to a byte of zero will not alter the original byte value.
The general procedure, for all compression techniques, is to first decode the initial ILBM picture into the hidden buffer and double buffer it into view.
The next frame is formed in the hidden buffer by applying the DLTA data (or the XOR data from the BODY chunk) and the new frame is double-buffered into view.
The Liverpool Echo is a newspaper published by Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales – a subsidiary company of Reach plc and is based in St Paul's Square, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
Historically the newspaper was published by the Liverpool Daily Post & Echo Ltd. Its office is in St Paul's Square Liverpool, having downsized from Old Hall Street in March 2018.
As Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh for fifty years, Jameson is notable for his advanced scholarship, his superb museum collection and for his tuition of Charles Darwin.
Darwin attended Robert Jameson's natural history course at the University of Edinburgh in his teenage years, learning about stratigraphic geology and assisting with the collections of the Museum of Edinburgh University, then one of the largest in Europe.
At Jameson's Wernerian Natural History Association, the young Charles Darwin saw John James Audubon give a demonstration of his method of using wires to prop up birds to draw or paint them in natural positions.
Jameson was born in Leith on 11 July 1774, the son of Catherine Paton (1750–94) and Thomas Jameson (c.1750–1802), a soap manufacturer on Rotten Row (now Water Street).
His early education was spent at Leith Grammar School, after which he became the apprentice of the Leith surgeon John Cheyne (father of John Cheyne), with the aim of going to sea.
By 1793, influenced by the Regius Professor of Natural History, John Walker (1731–1803), Jameson abandoned medicine and the idea of being a ship's surgeon, and focused instead on science, particularly geology and mineralogy.
It is worth noting that Walker was a presbyterian Minister who had actually combined the Regius Professorship with a period of service as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1790.
During this time his geological field-work frequently took him to the Isle of Arran, the Hebrides, Orkney, the Shetland Islands and the Irish mainland.
In 1800, he spent a year at the mining academy in Freiberg, Saxony, where he studied under the noted geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749 or 1750–1817).
As an undergraduate, Jameson had several noteworthy classmates at the University of Edinburgh including Robert Brown, Joseph Black, and Thomas Dick.
In 1804, Jameson succeeded Dr Walker as the third Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, a post which he held for fifty years.
During this period he became the first eminent exponent in Britain of the Wernerian geological system, or Neptunism, and the acknowledged leader of the Scottish Wernerians, founding and presiding over the Wernerian Natural History Society in 1808 until around 1850, when his health began to decline, together with the fortunes of the Society.
Jameson's support for Neptunism, a theory that argued that all rocks had been deposited from a primaeval ocean, initially pitted him against James Hutton (1726–1797), a fellow Scot and eminent geologist also based in Edinburgh (but not in the university), who argued for uniformitarianism, a theory that saw the features of the Earth's crust being caused by natural processes over geologic time.
Modern scholarship also suggests that, by 1826, Jameson was convinced of Lamarckian concepts of evolution, and that he could express this conviction only in anonymous terms.
Over Jameson's fifty-year tenure, he built up a huge collection of mineralogical and geological specimens for the Museum of Edinburgh University, including fossils, birds and insects.
By 1852 there were over 74,000 zoological and geological specimens at the museum, and in Britain the natural history collection was second only to that of the British Museum.
Shortly after his death, the University Museum was transferred to the British Crown and became part of the Royal Scottish Museum, now the Royal Museum, in Edinburgh's Chambers Street.
A portrait of Robert Jameson is housed by the National Portrait Gallery in London, and a bust of him is in the Old College of the University of Edinburgh.
He was the uncle of Robert William Jameson, Writer to the Signet and playwright of Edinburgh, and therefore also the great-uncle of Sir Leander Starr Jameson, Bt, KCMG, British colonial statesman.
At the time of publication, Reilly hinted at the possibility of a sequel starring the same protagonist, Professor William Race, but the release of such a book has never been officially confirmed.
Deep in the jungles of Peru, the hunt for a legendary Incan idol is underway - an idol that in the present day could be used as the basis for a highly destructive and terrifying weapon.
Guiding the US Army team is Professor William Race, a young linguist who must translate an ancient manuscript which contains the location of the idol.
The main focus of the former story is the journey of a monk named Alberto Santiago who becomes a traitor to his country after witnessing Spanish atrocities among the Incan civilisation.
Aiding an Incan Prince named Renco Capac to escape, Santiago begins a quest to protect a special Idol - 'The Spirit of the People', an idol carved from black stone with purple veins running through it, actually carved from a meteorite that fell on earth, from the invading Spaniards.
Four hundred years later, a group of armed militia storms the monastery, execute the Jesuit monks living there and recover the Santiago manuscript and another party raids DARPA headquarters.
Seeing the seriousness of the mission, DARPA sends Colonel Frank Nash to Peru with the aid of NYU linguistics professor William Race to recover the idol before anyone else can retrieve it.
Along the way are neo-Nazis, a powerplay between the three branches of the US armed forces and a group of nihilistic domestic terrorists called Republican Army of Texas and terrifying rapas (large jaguar like cats).
Their mission: to retrieve 'the Spirit of the People' (as the natives call it), carved out of Thyrium-261, a nuclear material from a binary star system that came to Earth via a meteorite.
Thyrium has the potential to provide virtually limitless clean energy, which can fuel the Supernova, a next-generation weapon of mass destruction with the power to decimate a third of the Earth's surface and bring about Doomsday.
Professor William Race is a young linguist, working for NYU is approached by a retired Col. Frank Nash, a physicist from the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, to translate a manuscript written in ancient Latin, to find an ancient Incan idol in the South American jungles.
Race is told that his brother, Martin Race, was the one who suggested his name, and that his college sweetheart, Lauren O'Connor, who left him many years ago is also accompanying them.
The team lands in Peru with physicist Troy Copeland, archaeologist Gaby Lopez, anthropologist Walter Chambers, five Green Berets, Race's personal bodyguard Van Lewen and Lauren.
But when the manuscript leads the team to an ancient Incan temple, the hunt becomes a fight for survival when their raid of the temple is taken over by hostile German terrorists called BKA, trying to get the idol for themselves.
Most of the team are killed, including the hostile BKA Germans, and both sides are now forced to cooperate with each other for survival, including leader Karl Schroeder and Renee Becker from the BKA team.
The story then proceeds to the Nazis , comprising ex Nazi armymen calling themselves the Stormtroopers, hell-bent on getting the idol to fuel their Supernova and obtain ransom from the developed countries, led by Odilo Ehrhardt and Heinrich Anistaze.
Race and his comrades tactfully combat them, fighting them on land, air and water, losing more of their American and German comrades, and landing up in abandoned Gold Mines used by the Nazis.
Race, Renee Becker, Van Lewen and Doogie eliminate all the Stormtroopers including Ehrhardt and Anistaze with the help of an inside German BKA man, Uzi inside the Nazi team, and prevent detonation of the Supernova activated by thyrium from the stolen idol, at the nick of time.
He learns that the hunt for the idol is a struggle for power by different people- The U.S. Airforce, the Army, the Navy, The Nazis and the Republic army of Texas, each one wanting it for selfish reasons.
He realises that Frank Nash is not a retired DARPA physicist as he claimed to be, but is actually working for the Army and was using Race for his gain.
They reach another village in the rainforest, where the real idol is found at an altar, and the Indians there revere and worship Race, as he is found to have a birthmark below his left eye that corroborates with their idolized hero (Renco in Montago's story).
However, this village is now attached by Navy choppers ruthlessly, who also want to get the idol, again killing team mates and Indians.
At this point, Nash, Lauren and Copeland grab the real idol and begin to run away from everyone towards Vilcafor, and Race chases them with Renee and Doogie following behind.
But Nash has his own plans - his salvage army team arrives in choppers and kills the Navy fighters at Vilcafor.
At this point Race is shocked to see his brother Marty with Nash's salvage Army team, and it is revealed that Lauren actually married Marty, but was keeping an affair with Copeland to get air force secrets from Marty to give them to Copeland.
A ruthless Frank Nash executes all the Navy men on the spot, and proceeds to kill Race, saying he doesn't need the professor anymore, when Van Lewen intervenes and gets shot.
But they are in for a shock when on the spot arrives the Republican Army of Texas with much bigger aircraft, comprising disgraced armymen who want to get the idol to destroy the world for revenge, led by Earl Bittiker.
He is attacked but he manages to disarm the Supernova at the nick of time with a code hinted by Marty.
He then destroys the plane with Copeland in it, and the tanker falls off to the ground and explodes, killing Bittiker in it.
Inside he places the fake idol, sees human remnants of the attackers that the Rapas killed, and sees the treasure of Solon so long sought by the Spaniards in Alberto's story but never found.
Race returns the real idol back to the Indians, advising them to leave the village for elsewhere as more people can come in search for the idol, and he leaves with the others for USA.
It is told in the form of a story within a story, the memoirs of a Spanish priest during the discovery of South America.
Disgusted by the atrocities of his countrymen on the Incans, Spanish priest Alberto Santiago betrays them when he frees Renco Capac, an Incan prince, from a spanish prison hulk.
Much of Santiago's story details his journey with Renco and a criminal named Bassario from Cuzco to the citadel at Vilcafor as they attempt to defend a sacred Incan idol from pursuing conquistadors, led by the wicked Spanish leader Hernando.
The Spaniards wish to conquer the Incas and also grab a hidden treasure, as well as kill Alberto for his treachery.
The trio travel day in and night out and finally make it to Vilcafor with the idol, where they hope to hide it before Hernando can find them.
Santiago's manuscript appears several times in the story, with professor Race reading and translating it, providing his comrades with crucial information.
He learns of the Vicious Rapas that come out of the temple at night, and that when made wet, the idol hums a tune which puts the Rapas in a trance.
Alberto also learns of a treasure hidden in a temple built by one Solon years before, and guarded by Rapas, which the Spaniards are after.
The Incans and Alberto reach the temple with the idol keeping the Rapas in trance, and manage to lure them all into the temple, but are attacked by Hernando and the conquistadors before they can completely close the door.
Renco then lures the Rapas back into the temple and asks that the stone door be shut behind them, thereby trapping the Rapas inside with him and the idols.
As Professor William Race and the others head towards home, Race calls and appraises the investigation officers back home about all the events.
Alberto Santiago is now an old man, reminiscing his memories and penning them in a monastery in the mountains of Europe.
Renco trapped the Rapas and the fake idol and escaped from the temple with the real one (the same way Race did) and reunited with his comrades.
He is highly inspired by the story of Alberto Santiago's adventure with Renco Capac and several similarities are shown between him and Renco.
He was having an affair with Lauren, and using the information she got from her husband he aided Bittiker in detonating the Supernova.
She was having an affair with Copeland, and unintentionally gave him secrets that her husband Marty knew, which aided Copeland in setting up the Supernova with the idol.
It is revealed towards the end that he is married to Lauren, and both have joined hands with Nash in his wicked schemes.
He brought along Chambers, Lopez and Race to aid him, and Copeland and Lauren to steal the idol from its rightful owner, the Incan people.
He is shot brutally by the Nazis, and as a result Race and Van Lewen leave him at the temple, due to his inability to fly away.
Whitty, a former Chief Constable for Liverpool, had campaigned for the abolition of the Stamp Act under which newspapers were taxed.
As well as focusing on local news, the paper also reported on both national and international news allowing it to circulate in Lancashire, Wales, Isle of Man and London.
Founded by Egerton Smith in 1808 the newspaper cost 7d and was published weekly, covering news relating to the city's busy port.
The paper's second edition was claimed to be 72 columns long, making it one of the largest newspapers in the world.
Richard Rigby PC (February 1722 – 8 April 1788), was an English civil servant and politician who sat in the British House of Commons for 43 years from 1745 to 1788.
Rigby accumulated a fortune serving the Crown and politician wheeler-dealers in the dynamic 18th century parliament, and this money eventually ended up endowing the Pitt Rivers Museum.
The Rigby family took Mistley Hall in Essex as the site of their manor, but was descended from the Rigby of Burgh family.
Rigby's father and immediate ancestors made a fortune as merchant drapers in the City of London, as merchants and colonial officers in the West Indies, and as speculators in the South Sea Bubble.
Richard Rigby's father also had the same name, and was significant in the history of Jamaica, serving as its Secretary, the Provost Marshal, and a member of the Royal Assembly in the late 17th and early 18th century.
Richard and James Rigby were sons of Edward Rigby of Mistley Hall, a London draper and landowner based in Covent Garden, and Anne Hyde, a close cousin of Queen Anne (Hyde), Queen Anne, Queen Mary, and the Earl of Clarendon.
Rigby was elected Member of Parliament for Castle Rising in 1745, transferring to Sudbury at the next general election, and was initially a partisan of Frederick, Prince of Wales.
In December 1755 he became a junior minister as one of the Lords of Trade and in 1757, he retained a seat in the Irish House of Commons for Old Leighlin, which he held until 1761.
When Bedford was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1758, in a time of relative peace, Rigby accompanied him as Secretary; the following year he was appointed Master of the Rolls in Ireland.
In theory this was a senior judicial office, but in practice it was then a sinecure and Rigby is said never to have sat as a judge.
In 1762 Rigby was seriously considered for promotion to Secretary at War, but he preferred to remain in lucrative sinecures rather than to accept more substantive office, and instead was made in 1765 joint Vice Treasurer of Ireland.
In 1768, Rigby was transferred to the perhaps the most lucrative of all government posts, Paymaster of the Forces, which he held for the next 16 years.
He took a prominent part in opposing John Wilkes, and later led objections to a public funeral for Pitt the Elder.
Rigby spent much of his fortune reinvesting in the family seats of Mistley and Manningtree, employing the top architects and landscape artists of the day to build a port and a spa.
Though other members of the family continued to bear the Rigby name and arms, the bulk of Richard Rigby's wealth fell to his sister who married General Hale, and ultimately to the Pitt-Rivers family, whose members endowed the museum of that name, a treasurehouse of anthropological exotica, at Oxford University.
His carilloning career started in 1881 when his father, the official carilloneer of Mechelen, went blind and became unable to play.
He used his engineering knowledge to vastly improve the technology surrounding carillons, which is now used all over Europe and the United States.
During the First World War, he, his wife Helene, son and four daughters were among those Belgian refugees who fled to England.
She holds the record for being the most-charted British female solo act of the 1980s, with seventeen UK Top 40 hit singles.
Starting in 1998, while still active in music, she has branched into an alternative career as a landscape gardener, which has included presenting gardening shows on the BBC and Channel 4.
The eldest child of 1950s rock 'n' roller Marty Wilde (birth name Reginald Smith) and Joyce Baker, who had been a member of the singing and dancing group the Vernons Girls, Kim Smith was born in the West London suburb of Chiswick and attended Oakfield Preparatory School, in the Southeast London area of Dulwich.
An instant success, it reached number two in the UK Singles Chart and scaled the Top 5 in other countries such as Germany, France and Australia.
Although it achieved only moderate success in the US, peaking at number 25 when released in 1982, it is often regarded today as Wilde's signature song.
All of Wilde's songs up to this point, including all her major hits, had been written by her father Marty and brother, Ricky.
After topping the charts in Australia and Canada and peaking at number two in the UK, it became a US number one single in 1987.
With that hit, she became the fifth UK female solo artist ever to top the US Hot 100, following Petula Clark, Lulu, Sheena Easton, and Bonnie Tyler.
The release of the album coincided with a tour of Europe, where she was the opening act for Michael Jackson's Bad World Tour.
However, there were problems with her record company – MCA Records had by that time become part of Universal Music – and legal problems concerning the songs.
Since November 2001, Wilde has toured the UK three times (and once in Australia during 2003) as part of the Here and Now Tour, an Eighties revival concert series, together with artists such as Paul Young, The Human League, Belinda Carlisle, Howard Jones and Five Star.
In 2006, Wilde signed a new record deal with EMI Germany and released the first single from her tenth studio album in many countries across Europe, Scandinavia and Asia.
She curiously walked down the grass to track the source of the light and what she noticed was that the light was swiftly moving back and forth.
Wilde holds the record for being the most-charted British female solo act of the 1980s, with seventeen UK Top 40 hit singles throughout the decade (including her duets with Junior Giscombe and Mel Smith).
A number of artists have performed covers of Kim Wilde songs, ranging from pop and rock to dance and death metal versions.
Also, when her parents go on holiday in Turkey, they buy a poster of Kim Wilde and smuggle it into Tehran for Marji.
During her first pregnancy, an old interest in gardening resurfaced and she attended Capel Manor college to learn about horticulture, so as to create a garden for her children.
Translations of the book were released at the same time in Spain, France, Denmark and the Netherlands, and later in Germany.
The Aston Martin Vanquish is a grand tourer introduced by British luxury automobile manufacturer Aston Martin in 2001 as a successor to the Aston Martin Vantage (1993).
The V12 Vanquish featured a carbon fiber and alloy construction, Aston's most powerful V12 engine, and a design that evoked the muscular heritage of other flagship Astons.
The Aston Martin V12 Vanquish was styled by Ian Callum and drew inspiration from the DB-4 Zagato - projecting a more aggressive presence than Callum's DB7 Vantage.
The naturally aspirated 60° DOHC 4 valves per cylinder V12 engine with a bore x stroke of has a power output of at 6,500 rpm and of torque at 5,000 rpm.
The interior featured full instrumentation, advanced electronics, and rich leathers with metallic details - the latter an intentional move away from the wood trim seen in the DB-7.
The first-generation V12 Vanquish was generally very well received by the motoring press receiving near universal praise for its powertrain, chassis, advanced engineering and design.
While the traditional craft techniques had evolved somewhat from those used to make the previous generation of cars, primarily in the panel shaping, there was still a great deal of handwork in assembly and finishing - and each car was very time consuming to create.
As such, the Vanquish represents both the end of an era as the last new Newport Pagnell model - and the beginning of another with its forward-looking engineering and performance.
The V12 Vanquish was recognized - along with the DB-4 Zagato - as one of the ten most beautiful cars of all time .
The Aston Martin V12 Vanquish S debuted at the 2004 Paris Motor Show, with increased engine power output and slight styling revisions.
Visual changes included new wheels, a slightly different nose shape, a new raised bootlid with a larger integrated spoiler incorporating the third high level brake light (in the rear window on the original Vanquish), a Vanquish S badge on the bootlid (the original Vanquish had no rear model designation) and the addition of a small front splitter (although this was mainly done for aerodynamic reasons).
As part of its improvements, the Vanquish S had a slightly improved (from of the Vanquish), with help from a redesigned splitter and boot lid.
The car also incorporated the features of an optional Sports Dynamic Package (available for the Vanquish for the 2004 model year), which incorporated stiffer but sportier suspension, steering, and brakes.
This model was sold for the 2005 (alongside the base Vanquish) and 2006 (as a stand-alone) model years in the United States with only minor changes; it was not sold in the United States for 2007 model year.
The Vanquish S has larger brakes than the V12 Vanquish; front discs with six-piston calipers and rear discs with four-piston calipers.
With a top speed exceeding , the V12 Vanquish S succeeded the previous V12 Vanquish as measured by top speed capability as the fastest production Aston Martin automobile ever - exceeding even the Works Service modified Vantage V-600 and LeMans models - and only with the introduction of the One-77 in 2008 would Aston Martin build a road car that could top that figure.
Aston Martin announced that the last 50 cars built would have a new 'Ultimate Black' exterior colour, upgraded interior, and personalised sill plaques.
The production of the V12 Vanquish ended on 19 July 2007, coinciding with the closing of the company's Newport Pagnell factory after 49 years of operation.
Despite the high enthusiasm for the Vanquish, the hand made nature of their construction limited production to levels commensurate with earlier Newport Pagnell cars.
It included a tweaked version of Aston Martin's familiar grille and headlight design and a more pronounced bulge in the bonnet – with One-77-inspired flourishes saved for the sides and the rear, the side vents run almost to the door handles (shared with the One-77), new rear light design shared with the One-77, and a 5.9-litre V12 engine that has a power output of .
The exterior styling of the Vanquish is an evolution of the DBS with many styling cues such as the elongated side strakes being inspired by the One-77.
The boot lid included an integrated rear spoiler designed to look as if it is impossible to make; this was done on the orders of the then Aston Martin Chief Executive, Dr. Ulrich Bez.
The Vanquish uses the new VH Generation IV platform which is lighter and uses more carbon fibre components than the VH Generation II platform used in the DBS.
The combined space of cabin and a boot that, at 368 litres, is more than 60% larger than that of the DBS.
The suspension is a lightweight aluminium front subframe with hollow castings with independent double wishbones incorporating anti-dive geometry, coil springs, anti-roll bar, and monotube adaptive dampers in the front and independent double wishbones with anti-squat and anti-lift geometry, coil springs, anti-roll bar, and monotube adaptive dampers in the rear.
The changes greatly enhanced performance, with an acceleration of 0 to being achieved in 3.6 seconds, and a top speed of .
The Volante has a full carbon fibre body, triple-skin lightweight fabric roof, 50% larger boot than its predecessor and the third generation Brembo 398 mm × 36 mm (front) and 360 mm × 32 mm (rear) Carbon Ceramic Matrix (CCM) brake discs with six-piston front and four-piston rear brake callipers.
The Centenary Edition is a limited edition of the Vanquish limited to 100 units commemorating 100 years of the Aston Martin company, unveiled at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show.
The Neiman Marcus edition is a limited edition of the Vanquish limited to 10 cars named after the US department store Neiman Marcus.
Based on the US market Vanquish Volante, the bespoke features of the car are designed by the company's bespoke customisation arm; Q by Aston Martin.
The car was unveiled at the 2013 Pebble Beach Automotive Week, followed by the 2013 Los Angeles Auto Show with delivery scheduled for early 2014.
Aston Martin announced a limited series production of the Aston Martin Vanquish Zagato; the latest creation from its long-standing partnership with the prestigious Italian design-house Zagato.
The Vanquish Zagato Concept was unveiled to great acclaim at the prestigious Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este at Lake Como, Italy in May 2016.
99 each were built of the coupé, convertible, and shooting brake, while a mere 28 speedsters were made, for a total of 325 cars.
As part of Aston Martin's 100th anniversary celebration, a Vanquish was airlifted onto the helipad of the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on 17 January 2013.
The Illyrian Provinces were an autonomous province of France during the First French Empire that existed under Napoleonic Rule from 1809 to 1814.
Parts of Croatia were split up into Civil Croatia and Military Croatia, the former served as a residential space for French immigrants and Croatian inhabitants and the latter as a military base to check the Ottoman Empire.
In 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the region with his Grande Armée after key wins during the War of the Fifth Coalition forced the Austrian Empire to cede parts of its territory.
Integrating the land into France was Bonaparte's way of controlling Austria's access to the Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea and expanding his empire east.
Although the respective states were allowed to speak and work in their native languages, French was designated as the official language and much of the federal administration was conducted as such.
He introduced equality before the law, compulsory military service for men, a uniform tax system, abolished certain tax privileges, introduced modern administration, separated church and state and nationalized the judiciary.
In later Greek mythology, Illyrius was the son of Cadmus and Harmonia who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the whole Illyrian people.
The Slovene Lands, ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy, were first occupied by the French Revolutionary Army after the Battle of Tarvis in March 1797, led by General Napoleon Bonaparte.
The French troops under the command of General Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte tried to calm the worried population by issuing special public notices that were published also in the Slovene language.
During the withdrawal of the French army, the commanding general Bonaparte and his escort made a stop in Ljubljana on April 28, 1797.
The foundation of the provincial brigades in June 1808 and extensive preparations for the new war did not stop Napoleon's Grande Armée, which completely defeated the Austrian troops at the Battle of Wagram on July 6, 1809.
These territories lying north and east of the Adriatic Sea were amalgamated with the former Venetian territories of Dalmatia and Istria, annexed by Austria in the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, and the former Republic of Ragusa, which all had just been adjudicated to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1805 and 1808, into the Illyrian Provinces, technically part of France.
The British Navy imposed a blockade of the Adriatic Sea, effective since the Treaty of Tilsit (July 1807), which brought merchant shipping to a standstill, a measure most seriously affecting the economy of the Dalmatian port cities.
An attempt by joint French and Italian forces to seize the British-held Dalmatian island of Vis (Lissa) failed on 22 October 1810.
At Dubrovnik an insurrection expelled the French and a provisional Ragusan administration was established, hoping for the restoration of the Republic.
The Cattaro area (now called Bay of Kotor) and its environs were occupied in 1813 by Montenegrin forces, which held it until 1814, when the appearance of an Austrian force caused the Prince of Montenegro to turn over the territory to Austrian administration on 11 June.
Municipalities - with municipal council, mayor and deputy mayors in larger municipalities; or council, municipality president-syndic and deputy president-deputy syndic - were units of local government.
All officials and councillors were appointed by the emperor or the governor-general, depending on their relevance and/or size of the subdivision unit in which they served.
The ecclesiastical administration was reorganized in accordance with the new political borders; two archdioceses were established with seats at Ljubljana and Zara, with suffragan dioceses at Gorizia, Capodistria, Sebenico, Spalato and Ragusa (1811).
The population (1811) was given at 460,116 for the intendancy of Ljubljana, 381,000 for the intendancy of Karlovac, 357,857 for the intendancy of Trieste and 305,285 for the intendancy of Zara, in total 1,504,258 for all of Illyria.
A French decree emancipated the Jews; in effect the decree abolished a Habsburg regulation which had forbidden Jews to settle within Carniola.
Despite the fact that not all French laws applied to the territory of the Illyrian Provinces, Illyrian offices were accountable to ministries in Paris and to the Higher Court of Paris.
Initially the official languages were French, Italian and German, but in 1811 Slovenian was added for the first time in history.
Among the main changes the French empire brought were the overhaul of administration, the changing of the schooling system – creating universities and making Slovene a learning language – and the usage of the Napoleonic code (the French Code Civil) and the Penal Code.
Although the French did not entirely abolish the feudal system, their rule familiarized in more detail the inhabitants of the Illyrian Provinces with the achievements of the French revolution and with contemporary bourgeois society.
They introduced equality before the law, compulsory military service and a uniform tax system, and also abolished certain tax privileges, introduced modern administration, separated powers between the state and the church (the introduction of the civil wedding, keeping civil registration of births etc.
The linguist Jernej Kopitar and the poet Valentin Vodnik succeeded in instructing the authorities at that time that the language of the inhabitants living in the present-day Slovenian part of the Illyrian Provinces was actually the Slovene language.
Although at the time of the Illyrian Provinces the educational reform did not come to life to its fullest ability, it was nevertheless of considerable social significance.
The plan for reorganisation of the school system provided for education in elementary and secondary schools in the provincial Slovene language in Slovenian areas.
In 1813, the French author Charles Nodier worked in Ljubljana as the last editor of the journal, significantly renovated it, and published it in French, Italian, and German.
The Marmont's school reform introduced, in the fall of 1810, a uniform four-year primary school and an extended network of lower and upper gymnasiums and crafts schools.
Although French rule in the Illyrian Provinces was short-lived and did not enjoy the same level of popularity among people, it significantly contributed to greater national self-confidence and awareness of freedoms, especially in the Slovene lands.
The opinion of Napoleon's rule and the Illyrian Provinces changed significantly at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when liberal Croatian and Slovene intellectuals began to praise the French for liberation from Austrian rule.
It could also be established today that the short period of the Illyrian Provinces was the beginning of a period of an enhanced awareness of the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity.
In 1816 they were reconstituted without Dalmatia and Croatia, yet now with all of Carinthia, as a Kingdom of Illyria, which was formally abolished only in 1849, even though the civil administration of the Croatian districts had already been placed under Hungarian administration in 1822.
The memory of the French and of the Emperor Napoleon is embedded in Croatian and Slovene traditions, in their folk art and folk songs.
The presence of the French on Croatian and Slovene territories reflects also in the surnames and house names of French origin, in frescoes, and other paintings depicting French soldiers as well as in rich immovable cultural heritage (roads, bridges, fountains).
In 1929, a national ceremony was held in Ljubljana during which a monument was erected to Napoleon and Illyria at French Revolution Square.
One of the central streets in Split city centre is named after marshal Marmont, in appreciation of his enlightened rule in Dalmatia.
Established in 2000, The Universities at Shady Grove (USG) is a regional higher education center of the University System of Maryland that offers students access to undergraduate and graduate degree programs from nine universities on one convenient campus in Rockville, Maryland.
USG, in turn, provides centralized on-site student, academic and administrative services in the areas of admissions, financial aid, technology, student support and campus life.
This integrated approach allows USG to offer accessible pathways to approximately 80 upper-level undergraduate, graduate and professional degree and certificate programs.
Students looking to enroll in a program at USG apply directly to the university offering their desired program and follow that school’s admission requirements.
Students are taught by the same professors, take the same courses, and have the same curriculum as students enrolled in that program at their university’s main campus.
Students at USG are held to the same high-quality admissions, academic, and graduation standards as students at their university's main campus, but they benefit from additional scholarships, small classes, and personalized support.
USG’s innovative and pioneering partnership approach to higher education is designed to connect college students to outstanding career opportunities, while providing regional employers with a highly educated, skilled workforce.
He joined the band The Specs and released his first recording on a battle of bands LP produced by a local radio station, and fronted his own local band called The Dialtones.
when they played a show in his hometown the previous year, collaborated with frontman Michael Stipe in a duo group under the name Community Trolls, as well as played guitar in Stipe's sister Lynda Stipe's band, Oh-OK.
The Clark Memorandum on the Monroe Doctrine or Clark Memorandum, written on December 17, 1928 by Calvin Coolidge's undersecretary of state J. Reuben Clark, concerned the United States' use of military force to intervene in Latin American nations.
However, it was not a complete repudiation of the Roosevelt Corollary but was rather a statement that any intervention by the U.S. was not sanctioned by the Monroe Doctrine but rather was the right of America as a state.
This separated the Roosevelt Corollary from the Monroe Doctrine by noting that the Monroe Doctrine only applied to situations involving European countries.
One main point in the Clark Memorandum was to note that the Monroe Doctrine was based on conflicts of interest only between the United States and European nations, rather than between the United States and Latin American nations.
Historian Gene Sessions says the memorandum said the Monroe Doctrine did not explicitly renounce rights of intervention in Latin America (as often stated).
During the late 1920s, a number of American foreign policy leaders started to argue for a softer tone in US relations with Latin American nations, which had been chafing under decades of intervention by the United States.
Under secretary of State, and later Ambassador to Mexico, J. Reuben Clark (1871–1961) held these conciliatory views and completed work on the 236-page Memorandum late in the Coolidge administration.
While sometimes regarded as an outright repudiation of the Roosevelt Corollary, Clark was simply advancing his belief that the corollary was separate from the Monroe Doctrine and that American intervention in Latin America, when necessary, was sanctioned by U.S. rights as a sovereign nation, not by the Monroe Doctrine.
Clark's views were not made public until March 1930 during the Hoover administration, when Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson was guiding American diplomacy toward the beginning of a Good Neighbor Policy with its Latin American neighbors.
Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, Experiences and Products division, the park opened on October 1, 1971, as the first of four theme parks at the resort.
Its layout and attractions are based on Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, and are dedicated to fairy tales and Disney characters.
In 2019, the park hosted 20.9 million visitors, making it the most visited theme park in the world for the thirteenth consecutive year and the most visited theme park in North America for at least the past nineteen years.
Although Walt Disney had been highly involved in planning the Florida Project, he died before he could see the vision through.
He disliked that the cowboy intruded on the futuristic setting of Tomorrowland and wanted to avoid situations like this in the new park.
Because of Florida's high water table, the tunnels could not be put underground, so they were built at the existing grade, meaning the park is built on the second story, giving the Magic Kingdom an elevation of .
The area around the utilidors was filled in with dirt removed from the Seven Seas Lagoon, which was being constructed at the same time.
The tunnels were intended to be designed into all subsequent Walt Disney World parks but were set aside mostly because of financial constraints.
Magic Kingdom Park opened as the first part of the Walt Disney World Resort on October 1, 1971, commencing concurrently with Disney's Contemporary Resort and Disney's Polynesian Village Resort.
It opened with twenty-three attractions, three unique to the park and twenty replicas of attractions at Disneyland, split into six themed lands, five copies of those at Disneyland (Main Street, U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, and Tomorrowland) and the Magic Kingdom exclusive of Liberty Square.
While there is no individual dedication to Magic Kingdom, the dedication by Roy O. Disney for the entire resort was placed within its gates.
The land was home to attractions such as Mickey's Country House, Minnie's Country House, The Barnstormer at Goofy's Wiseacre Farm, and Donald's Boat.
The Walt Disney World Railroad station in Mickey's Toontown Fair, which opened with Mickey's Birthdayland in 1988, was closed for the duration of the construction.
In 2012, the space where Mickey's Toontown Fair sat reopened as a part of Fantasyland, in a sub-land called the Storybook Circus, where the Dumbo the Flying Elephant was relocated.
Since opening day, Magic Kingdom has been closed temporarily because of seven hurricanes: Floyd, Charley, Frances, Jeanne, Wilma, Matthew, and Irma.
The only non-hurricane related day the park has closed is on September 11, 2001, due to the terrorist attacks that day.
This was the only place in the park where alcohol was permitted until December 2016 when four additional restaurants began selling beer and wine including Cinderella's Royal Table, Liberty Tree Tavern, Tony's Town Square Restaurant, and the Jungle Navigation Co. Ltd. Skipper Canteen.
And finally in 2018, the park officially became the second Magic Kingdom-style park to serve alcohol at all table service restaurants, after Disneyland Paris in 1993.
The Walt Disney World Railroad circles around the entire perimeter of the park and makes stops at Main Street, U.S.A., Frontierland, and Fantasyland.
Taking its inspiration from New England to Missouri, this design is most noticeable in the four corners in the middle of Main Street, where each of the four corner buildings represents a different architectural style.
At the end of Main Street is Casey's Corner, where guests enjoy traditional American ballpark fare including hot dogs and fries while enjoying old baseball tunes on the piano.
The Main Street Confectionery sells sweets priced by their weight, such as candied apples, crisped rice treats, chocolates, cookies and fudge.
An example of a classic Main Street, U.S.A. attraction is the narrow gauge Walt Disney World Railroad, which transports guest throughout the park, making stops at Main Street, U.S.A., Fantasyland, and Frontierland.
Main Street, U.S.A. also has the Main Street Vehicles attraction, which includes a narrow gauge tramway with horse-drawn streetcars, and several old-fashioned motor vehicles.
The second stories of all the buildings along Main Street are shorter than the first stories, and the third stories are even shorter than the second, and the top windows of the castle are much smaller than they appear.
In 2012, Disney replaced the shop in the Firehouse with a sign up for the Sorcerers of the Magic Kingdom game.
It is themed to resemble the remote jungles in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South America and the South Pacific, with an extension resembling a Caribbean town square.
It contains classic attractions such as Pirates of the Caribbean, the Jungle Cruise, Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, the Swiss Family Treehouse, and The Magic Carpets of Aladdin.
In Frontierland guests can relive the American Old West, from the romanticized cowboys and Native Americans, to exploring the mysteries of the Rivers of America.
The land also contains shops such as Big Al's, Frontier Trading Post, Prairie Outpost and Supply, Briar Patch, and Splashdown Photos.
Walt Disney World's Festival of Fantasy Parade begins in Frontierland and makes its way through several lands, eventually ending on Main Street, U.S.A., toward the front of the park.
Attractions include It's a Small World, Peter Pan's Flight, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Mickey's PhilharMagic, Prince Charming Regal Carrousel, and Mad Tea Party.
The original Fantasyland attractions left after the expansion was completed are located within the castle walls this courtyard area directly behind Cinderella Castle.
Attractions here include: Mickey's PhilharMagic, Prince Charming Regal Carrousel, Princess Fairytale Hall, It's a Small World, Peter Pan's Flight, Mad Tea Party and The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
An expanded Dumbo the Flying Elephant ride was built, with an interactive queue, and a second Dumbo ride was built next to it, in order to increase capacity.
This attraction features Goofy as a stuntman, Daisy as a fortune-teller, Donald as a snake-charmer, Minnie as a Magician, and Pluto as a special performer.
Storybook Circus opened with a streetmosphere circus act called The Giggle Gang, which had a two-year run from 2012 until 2014.
The attraction, which features Snow White's cottage and state of the art audio-animatronics, is the first roller coaster to move in a wobbling motion on track.
Tomorrowland is set in an intergalactic city, a concept of the future as seen from around the 1950s: rockets, UFOs and robots, etc.
Our scientists today are opening the door of the Space Age to achievements that will benefit our children and generations to come.
The TRON Lightcycle Power Run roller coaster from Shanghai Disneyland will be opening to the north of Space Mountain in a new area of Tomorrowland, and it will be open before Disney World's 50th anniversary in 2021.
Magic Kingdom lies more than a mile away from its parking lot, on the opposite side of the man-made Seven Seas Lagoon.
Upon arrival, guests are taken by the parking lot trams to the Transportation and Ticket Center (TTC), which sells admission into the parks and provides transportation connections throughout the resort complex.
To reach the park, guests either use the Walt Disney World Monorail System, ferryboats, or Disney Transport buses, depending on the location of their hotel or parking lot.
The three hotels closest to Magic Kingdom, Disney's Contemporary Resort, Disney's Polynesian Village Resort (which is connected to the Shades of Green resort by a walking path), and Disney's Grand Floridian Resort and Spa, use either the ferry or monorail system to travel to Magic Kingdom; a walking path also links the Contemporary Resort to the park.
Guests staying at Disney's Wilderness Lodge and Disney's Fort Wilderness Campground can also ride a dedicated ferry boat to the Magic Kingdom docks.
Guests of other hotels take buses to travel to the park, while guests who are not staying at any of the resort's hotels must use the monorail system or ferryboats to travel to the park from the Transportation and Ticket Center.
Guests using ride-hailing services to travel to the park must transfer at the TTC or use the walking path from the Contemporary Resort, as ride-hailing vehicles cannot use the park's bus loops.
The outer lane is a direct nonstop loop between the TTC and Magic Kingdom, while the inner loop has additional stops at Disney's Contemporary Resort, Disney's Polynesian Village Resort, and Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa.
Writer-producer Ronald D. Moore had previously written an original script for the project, which the studio eventually declined to use, stating that Favreau and a new screenwriter would develop a new script.
Based on a concept by Marty Sklar, Randy Bright, and Michael Eisner, the park opened on May 1, 1989, as the Disney-MGM Studios (Theme) Park, and was the third of four theme parks built at Walt Disney World.
Spanning , the park is dedicated to the imagined worlds from film, television, music, and theatre, drawing inspiration from the Golden Age of Hollywood.
Disney's Hollywood Studios was initially developed as both a theme park inspired by show business and an operating production studio, with active film and television production services, an animation facility branch, and a functioning backlot.
Construction on the combined park and studio began in 1987, but was accelerated when the construction of the similarly-themed Universal Studios Florida began a few miles away.
To increase public interest and the variety of film representation within the park, Disney entered into a licensing agreement with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, from which the park's original name was derived.
The park's production facilities were removed throughout the 2000s, and many of the park's soundstages were retrofitted for newer attractions and guest use.
In the 2010s, the park began to distance itself from the original studio backlot intention and entered a new direction of immersive theming and attraction development inspired by Hollywood stories.
In 2018, the park hosted 11.258 million guests, ranking it the fifth most-visited theme park in North America and the ninth most-visited theme park in the world.
A team of Walt Disney Imagineers led by Marty Sklar and Randy Bright had been given an assignment to create two new pavilions for Epcot's Future World section.
The latter was to look like a soundstage backdrop, with a movie theater-style entrance in the middle and would have sat between the Land and Journey Into Imagination pavilions.
When newly appointed CEO Michael Eisner saw the plans for the pavilion, he requested that, instead of placing the ride in an already existing park, it should be the anchor for a new park themed with Hollywood, entertainment, and show business.
In 1985, Disney and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer entered into a licensing contract that gave Disney worldwide rights to use the MGM brand and logo for what would become Disney-MGM Studios, which included working production facilities for films and television shows, a backlot, and a satellite animation studio for Walt Disney Feature Animation, which began operation prior to the park's debut.
In 1988, MGM/UA responded by filing a lawsuit that claimed Disney violated the agreement by operating a working movie and television studio at the resort.
On May 1, 1989, the theme park opened adjacent to the production facilities, with MGM's only affiliation being the original licensing agreement that allowed Disney to use MGM's name and lion logo in marketing, and separate contracts that allowed specific MGM content to be used in the Great Movie Ride.
Disney later filed a countersuit, claiming that MGM/UA and MGM Grand, Inc. had conspired to violate Disney's worldwide rights to the MGM name in the theme park business and that MGM/UA would harm Disney's reputation by building its own theme park at the MGM Grand hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
On October 23, 1992, Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Curtis B. Rappe ruled that Disney had the right to continue using the Disney-MGM Studios name on film product produced at the Florida facility, and that MGM Grand had the right to build a Las Vegas theme park using the MGM name and logo as long as it did not share the same studio backlot theme as Disney's property.
This included the closure of the park's Studio Backlot Tour, American Idol Experience, and the Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow attractions in 2014.
The following year, the Sorcerer's Hat was removed and the original sightlines from Hollywood Boulevard to the park's Chinese Theatre were restored.
In March 2015, during an annual shareholders meeting, Disney CEO Bob Iger hinted at another possible name change for the park due to the changes coming in the near future.
In 2017, the Great Movie Ride closed as the final remaining opening-day attraction and is slated to be replaced by Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway.
Disney's Hollywood Studios is divided into seven themed areas inspired by fantasized iterations of either existing locations found in Hollywood and Los Angeles or imagined worlds from Hollywood stories.
The park's original layout featured a large Hidden Mickey, which was visible in aerial photographs of the park and on the park's early guide maps, though construction and other park changes have eliminated much of this image.
Hollywood Boulevard, inspired by the real street of the same name, serves as the park's main entrance and operates in the same vein as Main Street, U.S.A. at Magic Kingdom.
Near the entrance of Animation Courtyard—resides The Hollywood Brown Derby restaurant, a themed replica of the original Brown Derby restaurant in Hollywood, California.
Behind this building lies a subsection named Commissary Lane, that connects Hollywood Boulevard directly to Grand Avenue and bypasses Echo Lake altogether.
In this area, resides the ABC Commissary and the Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant, a dinner theater with a retro-style theme featuring vintage car themed tables and a large movie screen featuring continuous clips of science-fiction films from the 1950s.
Grand Avenue is themed as a gentrified historic district inspired by the real location of the same name in downtown Los Angeles.
Grand Avenue is also home to PizzeRizzo—a Brooklyn-style pizza restaurant owned by Rizzo the Rat—Mama Melrose's Ristorante Italiano, and BaseLine Tap House, a modern California-styled pub.
In addition to Muppet*Vision 3D, this area was to include a themed restaurant and a Muppet dark ride parody of The Great Movie Ride.
The realized Muppet-themed section became a part of the park's former Streets of America area, which encompassed several attractions, including an urban street amalgamation of New York City and San Francisco.
The area's namesake street facades were formerly the park's working backlot set, which was originally a component of the park's inaugural Studio Backlot Tour, and opened to pedestrian park traffic in the mid-1990s; this area closed on April 2, 2016.
The Muppet-themed areas and a single remaining block of the Streets of America facades were reincorporated into Muppets Courtyard, which served as a placeholder designation until Grand Avenue was completed in September 2017.
The attractions include Toy Story Mania!, an interactive 4D attraction inspired by classic carnival midway games; Slinky Dog Dash, an outdoor roller coaster; and Alien Swirling Saucers, a spinning teacup ride.
was originally a standalone attraction within Pixar Place, an area dedicated to films and characters created by Pixar, resembling the animation studio's Emeryville, California campus.
Mickey Avenue, a subsection of Animation Courtyard, is home to a walk-through exhibit, Walt Disney Presents, which explores the life and legacy of Walt Disney through photos, models, artifacts, and a short biographical film narrated by Julie Andrews.
Sunset Boulevard, inspired by the real thoroughfare of the same name, was the first expansion of the park, opening in July 1994.
Located nearby is Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith, an indoor darkened roller coaster themed to the music of Aerosmith, with three inversions and a high-speed launch.
The celebrity would often be featured in a motorcade along Hollywood Boulevard or would take part in a handprint ceremony at the Great Movie Ride's entrance, or participate in an interview session.
At other times, Disney has imported characters and intellectual properties that were not part of its own original library of films and television shows.
Disney had ownership of the Power Rangers franchise through its purchase of Saban Entertainment until May 2010 when Saban purchased the franchise back and were regular members of the park's cast of characters during that time.
Live musical acts, such as the cover band Mulch, Sweat and Shears and the a cappella quartet Four For a Dollar, used to perform on the park streets or as pre-show entertainment at the larger shows.
The Disney Stars and Motor Cars Parade and the Pixar Block Party Bash featured film characters performing in a street party along Hollywood Boulevard and near Echo Lake.
The Walt Disney Company's original concept of the Disney-MGM Studios was to operate it as a television and motion picture production facility, as well as a theme park.
Music videos, several tapings for World Championship Wrestling, and live broadcasts of WCW Monday Nitro were also shot there; see WCW Disney tapings.
All these production and post-production facilities were constructed to be an integral part of the theme park's Backstage Studio Tour as well.
In 2004, Disney management (including CEO Michael Eisner) downsized Disney's Florida operations by closing the animation studio, laying off personnel and then moving the operations to the main animation studio in Burbank, California.
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London housing a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people.
The gallery moved in 1896 to its current site at St Martin's Place, off Trafalgar Square, and adjoining the National Gallery.
During this time, parts of the collection will be displayed around the UK in a series of exhibitions and collaborations, with other international loan exhibitions.
The gallery houses portraits of historically important and famous British people, selected on the basis of the significance of the sitter, not that of the artist.
One of its best-known images is the Chandos portrait, the most famous portrait of William Shakespeare although there is some uncertainty about whether the painting actually is of the playwright.
Not all of the portraits are exceptional artistically, although there are self-portraits by William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds and other British artists of note.
Some, such as the group portrait of the participants in the Somerset House Conference of 1604, are important historical documents in their own right.
Often, the curiosity value is greater than the artistic worth of a work, as in the case of the anamorphic portrait of Edward VI by William Scrots, Patrick Branwell Brontë's painting of his sisters Charlotte, Emily and Anne, or a sculpture of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in medieval costume.
In addition to its permanent galleries of historical portraits, the National Portrait Gallery exhibits a rapidly changing selection of contemporary work, stages exhibitions of portrait art by individual artists and hosts the annual BP Portrait Prize competition.
The three people largely responsible for the founding of the National Portrait Gallery are commemorated with busts over the main entrance.
At centre is Philip Henry Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope, with his supporters on either side, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay (to Stanhope's left) and Thomas Carlyle (to Stanhope's right).
It was Stanhope who, in 1846 as a Member of Parliament (MP), first proposed the idea of a National Portrait Gallery.
It was not until his third attempt, in 1856, this time from the House of Lords, that the proposal was accepted.
Following calls for a new location to be found, the government accepted an offer of funds from the philanthropist William Henry Alexander.
The first extension, in 1933, was funded by Lord Duveen, and resulted in the wing by architect Sir Richard Allison on a site previously occupied by St George's Barracks running along Orange Street.
In an apparently planned attack, John Tempest Dawson, aged 70, shot his 58 year–old wife, Nannie Caskie; Dawson shot her from behind with a revolver, then shot himself in the mouth, dying instantly.
The incident came to public attention in 2010 when the Gallery's archive was put on-line as this included a personal account of the event by James Donald Milner, then the Assistant Director of the Gallery.
The collections of the National Portrait Gallery were stored at Mentmore Towers in Buckinghamshire during the Second World War, along with pieces from the Royal Collection and paintings from Speaker's House in the Palace of Westminster.
The second extension was funded by Sir Christopher Ondaatje and a £12m Heritage Lottery Fund grant, and was designed by London-based architects Edward Jones and Jeremy Dixon.
The Ondaatje Wing opened in 2000 and occupies a narrow space of land between the two 19th-century buildings of the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery, and is notable for its immense, two-storey escalator that takes visitors to the earliest part of the collection, the Tudor portraits.
In January 2008, the Gallery received its largest single donation to date, a £5m gift from Aston Villa Chairman and U.S. billionaire Randy Lerner.
Reports in February 2014 revealed that the gallery holds nearly 20 portraits of Harriet Martineau and her brother James Martineau, whose great-nephew Francis Martineau Lupton was the Duchess's great-great-grandfather.
Bodelwyddan Castle's partnership with the National Portrait Gallery came to an end in 2017 after its funding was cut by Denbighshire County Council.
In October 2019, a group of semi-naked environmental campaigners were drenched in fake oil, in the Ondaatje Wing main hall, as part of a protest against BP's sponsorship of a collection of pieces in the gallery.
Three activists covered in black liquid lay down for about five minutes on a plastic sheet before standing up again, wiping themselves down with towels, and cleaning up after themselves.
There are a number of planned exhibitions and collaborations around the UK to display parts of the collection while the gallery is closed.
These will include exhibitions starting at the York Art Gallery in 2021, the Holburne Museum, Bath (Tudor portraits, 2022), and museums in Liverpool, Newcastle, Coventry and Edinburgh, which will later tour to other venues.
In addition to the busts of the three founders of the gallery over the entrance, the exterior of two of the original 1896 buildings are decorated with stone block busts of eminent portrait artists, biographical writers and historians.
These busts, sculpted by Frederick R. Thomas, depict James Granger, William Faithorne, Edmund Lodge, Thomas Fuller, The Earl of Clarendon, Horace Walpole, Hans Holbein the Younger, Sir Anthony van Dyck, Sir Peter Lely, Sir Godfrey Kneller, Louis François Roubiliac, William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir Thomas Lawrence and Sir Francis Chantrey.
The National Portrait Gallery is an executive non-departmental public body of the UK Government, sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport.
The National Portrait Gallery's total income in 2007–2008 amounted to £16,610,000, the majority of which came from government grant-in-aid (£7,038,000) and donations (£4,117,000).
On 14 July 2009, the National Portrait Gallery sent a demand letter alleging breach of copyright against an editor-user of Wikipedia, who downloaded thousands of high-resolution reproductions of public domain paintings from the NPG website, and placed them on Wikipedia's sister media repository site, Wikimedia Commons.
The Gallery's position was that it held copyright in the digital images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, and that it had made a significant financial investment in creating these digital reproductions.
In 2012, the Gallery licensed 53,000 low-resolution images under a Creative Commons licence, making them available free of charge for non–commercial use.
A further 87,000 high-resolution images are available for academic use under the Gallery's own licence that invites donations in return; previously, the Gallery charged for high-resolution images.
Frees was born Solomon Hersh Frees in Chicago, Illinois, on June 22, 1920; he grew up in the Albany Park neighborhood and attended Von Steuben Junior High School.
During that time, he was involved in more than 250 films, cartoons and TV appearances; as was the case for many voice actors of the time, his appearances were often uncredited.
Frees' early radio career was cut short when he was drafted into World War II where he fought at Normandy, France on D-Day.
Bogart was suffering at the time from what would be diagnosed as esophageal cancer and thus could barely be heard in some takes, hence the need for Frees to dub in his voice.
Unlike many voice actors who did most of their work for one studio, Frees worked extensively with at least nine of the major animation production companies of the 20th century: Walt Disney Studios, Warner Bros., Walter Lantz Studios, UPA, Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, Jay Ward Productions, Rankin/Bass, and Ruby-Spears.
Disney eventually issued limited edition compact discs commemorating the two rides, featuring outtakes and unused audio tracks by Frees and others.
Frees also provided narration for the Tomorrowland attraction Adventure Thru Inner Space (1967–1985) and the original Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
Frees is well-remembered for providing the voices for many characters in Rankin/Bass cartoons and stop-motion animated TV specials, most notably for a number of holiday-themed specials.
The resonance of his natural voice was similar to that of Orson Welles, and he performed a Welles impression several times.
Burton, who met Frees in the late 1970s, has often re-recorded dialogue for some Disneyland attractions that was originally recorded by Frees.
Dialogue that was slightly rewritten to reflect newer safety standards is performed by actors Joe Leahy (English) and Fabio Rodriguez (Spanish).
Though the official cause of death is listed as suicide, his agent issued a press release stating that he died from heart failure.
The National Portrait Gallery is a historic art museum located between 7th, 9th, F, and G Streets NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States.
The two museums are the eponym for the Gallery Place Washington Metro station, located at the corner of F and 7th Streets NW.
The idea of a federally owned national portrait gallery can be traced back to 1886, when Robert C. Winthrope, president of the Massachusetts Historical Society, visited the National Portrait Gallery in London.
In January 1919, the Smithsonian Institution entered into a cooperative endeavor with the American Federation of Arts and the American Mission to Negotiate Peace to create a National Art Committee.
Among the committee's members were oil company executive Herbert L. Pratt, Ethel Sperry Crocker (an art aficionado and wife of William Henry Crocker, founder of Crocker National Bank), architect Abram Garfield, Mary Williamson Averell (wife of railway executive E. H. Harriman), financier J. P. Morgan, attorney Charles Phelps Taft (brother of President William Howard Taft), steel magnate Henry Clay Frick, and paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott.
In 1937, Andrew W. Mellon donated his large collection of classic and modernist art to the United States, which led to the foundation of the National Gallery of Art.
David E. Finley, Jr., an attorney and one of Mellon's closest friends, was named the first director of the National Gallery of Art, and he pushed hard over the next several years for the establishment of a portrait gallery.
After a public outcry and an agreement to save the historic structure, Congress authorized the Smithsonian Institution to use the structure as a museum in March 1958.
Shortly thereafter, the Smithsonian Art Commission asked the Chancellor of the Smithsonian to appoint a committee to organize a national portrait museum and to plan for the establishment of this museum in the Old Patent Office Building.
Despite the Smithsonian's own extensive collection of art and Mellon's collection, there was very little for the National Portrait Gallery to display.
He encouraged the museum's curators to build a collection from scratch based on individual pieces chosen through high-quality scholarship rather than buying complete collections from others.
The following year, the NPG began the National Portrait Survey, an attempt to catalog and photograph all portraits in all formats held by every public and private collection and museum in the country.
The Library of Congress had long opposed the move in order to protect its own role in collecting photographs, but NPG Director Marvin Sadik fought hard to have the ban eliminated.
The roundel (a circular canvas), one of only four self-portraits by the celebrated early American artist, was donated to the NPG by the Cafritz Foundation.
The famous, unfinished portraits of George and Martha Washington were owned by the Boston Athenaeum, which loaned them to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1876.
It twice offered to sell the two portraits to the Museum of Fine Arts over the previous two years, but the museum declined to purchase them.
The Athenaeum began searching for another buyer, and in early 1979 the Athenaeum tentatively reached an agreement to sell the works to the NPG for $5 million.
NPG director Marvin Sadik declined to cancel the sale, arguing that the portraits were of national historic value and belonged in the Smithsonian.
On April 12, the Athenaeum and NPG agreed to delay the sale until December 31, 1979, to give the Boston fund-raising effort a chance.
Although not completely successful, the lawsuit had one effect: Attorney General Bellotti announced in mid-summer that the Stuart portraits could not be sold without his permission.
By November 1979, the fund-raising campaign had netted only $885,631, with a pledge from the Museum of Fine Arts to match the amount if necessary.
The Athenaeum refused to lower the price, describing the $5 million listing as a significant discount from the portraits' real value.
With public and political pressure on the Smithsonian to resolve the issue, the Museum of Fine Arts and NPG agreed on February 7, 1980, to jointly purchase the portraits.
Under the agreement, the paintings would spend three years at the National Portrait Gallery (beginning in July 1980), and then three years in Boston at the Museum of Fine Arts.
NPG director Marvin Sadik, who had expressed his dissatisfaction over the Stuart painting controversy, took a six-month-long sabbatical in January 1981.
These five paintings — of presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Adams, and James Madison — were known as the Gibbs-Coolidge set.
In December, the museum obtained a bust of Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull (which may have been sculpted from the portrait which was later used for the $10 bill) and a Gilbert Stuart portrait of Representative Fisher Ames from the Henry Cabot Lodge family in Massachusetts.
The following April, Varina Webb Stewart and Joel A.H. Webb presented important portraits of Jefferson Davis and his wife, Varina Howell Davis, to the National Portrait Gallery.
In 1980, the museum obtained (through purchase and loan) a number of works by graphic artist Howard Chandler Christy for exhibit.
The first such acquisition was the Frederick Hill Meserve Collection of 5,419 glass negatives produced by the studio of famed Civil War photograph Mathew Brady and his assistants.
A portion of the purchase price came from the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, which owns and operates Jefferson's historic plantation home of Monticello.
The second major purchase was an Edgar Degas portrait of his friend, Mary Cassatt, for which the museum paid $1.3 million.
On December 31, 1984, a thief pried open a display case and stole four handwritten documents accompanying several portraits of Civil War generals.
He was sentenced in April 1985 to two years in jail (with all but six months suspended) and two years of probation, and required to pay a $2,000 fine.
Two years later, noted photographer Irving Penn donated 120 platinum prints of fashion and celebrity portraits he produced over the past 50 years.
Six years later, the NPG obtained for $115,000 the earliest known daguerreotype of abolitionist John Brown, whose 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry helped sparked the Civil War.
In the fall of 2000, Neil Primrose, 7th Earl of Rosebery, offered to sell Gilbert Stuart's Lansdowne portrait of George Washington to the National Portrait Gallery.
The painting was commissioned in April 1796 by Senator William Bingham of Pennsylvania—one of the wealthiest men in America at the time.
FitzMaurice was the 2nd Earl of Shelburne, and later became the first Marquess of Lansdowne (hence the name of the portrait).
On its third trip in 1968, it was exhibited by the National Portrait Gallery, and it remained there on indefinite loan.
A search for a donor, personally led by Smithsonian Secretary Lawrence Small and the Smithsonian's Board of Regents, proved fruitless after three months.
On March 13, just two weeks before the sale deadline, the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation donated $30 million to buy the Lansdowne portrait.
NPG Director Marc Pachter flew to Nevada to meet with foundation officials on March 3, and the foundation approved the donation the following day.
The $30 million donation included $6 million to put the portrait on a national tour for three years (the NPG was closed for renovations until 2006), and $4 million to construct a new area in the Old Patent Office Building to display it.
Inflation, delays in obtaining approval for the renovation design, the addition of a glass canopy over the open courtyard, and other issues led to increases in both time and costs.
The exhibit focused on depictions of homosexual love through history, and was the first exhibit hosted by a museum of national stature to address the topic.
It was also the largest and most expensive exhibit in the NPG's history, and more private donors contributed to it than to any prior NPG exhibit.
Clough's decision led to extensive accusations of censorship and claims that the Smithsonian was caving in to pressure from a small group of vocal activists.
On December 13, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, one of the principal sponsors of the exhibit, said it would ask for its $100,000 donation back if the film was not restored.
Both decisions drew criticism from some gay rights supporters, who felt the funding cuts were too draconian in view of the fact that the remainder of the pieces continued to be exhibited.
Clough admitted, however, that he may have acted too hastily in the matter (although he continued to say he made the right decision), and the regents asked for Smithsonian staff to study the controversy and report back on how to handle such events in the future.
Named after long time docent and volunteer Virginia Outwin Boochever, this competition is widely regarded as the most prestigious portrait competition in the United States.
For the 2013 competition the total prize money of $42,000 was awarded to the top eight commended artists, and the winner received $25,000 and a commission to make a portrait for the museum’s permanent collection.
The 2006 winner was David Lenz of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and he was commissioned to paint a portrait of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the founder of Special Olympics.
The 2009 winner, Dave Woody of Fort Collins, Colorado, was commissioned to photograph food pioneer Alice Waters, founder of the Chez Panisse Restaurant and Cafe, the Edible Schoolyard and champion of the Slow Food movement.
The 2013 winner was Bo Gehring of Beacon, New York, who was commissioned to direct a video portrait of jazz musician Esperanza Spalding.
An individual also needed to be dead at least 10 years before their portrait could be displayed (although some images of obviously important living people were acquired while they still lived).
After an initial affirmative determination by curators at a monthly curatorial meeting, the National Portrait Gallery Commission (the museum's board of directors) approved the person's inclusion.
Portraits of living individuals or those dead less than 10 years are also now allowed to be displayed in the museum, as long as their inclusion is clearly important (such as presidents or generals).
Some of the criteria used in the decision-making process are: The number of existing portraits of the individual already in the collection, the quality of the potential portrait, the uniqueness of the potential portrait, the reputation of the portrait's author, and the cost of the portrait.
A hallmark of the National Portrait Gallery's permanent collection is the Hall of Presidents, which contains portraits of nearly all American presidents.
The building was used as a hospital during the American Civil War, and both Clara Barton and Walt Whitman worked as nurses there.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs, the General Land Office, and the Bureau of Pensions jointly occupied the building with the Patent Office through the Civil War and into the post-war period.
The massive increase in pension processing required by the Civil War led to the construction of a new Pension Bureau Building into which the Bureau of Pensions moved in 1887.
The United States Civil Service Commission and the Government Accounting Office occupied the building after the Patent Office vacated it in 1932.
Local D.C. businessmen asked the General Services Administration (GSA) to tear down the building and sell the land so a private parking garage could be built on the centrally located site.
Legislation for this purpose was introduced in Congress in the waning days of the 82nd United States Congress in 1952, but did not pass.
The legislation encountered resistance from a few members of Congress, architects, and the influential Committee of 100 on the Federal City (a private business group dedicated to promoting the D.C. economy).
However, the agency said it would continue to use it for federal office space (which was in short supply) until the Civil Service Commission vacated the structure.
On March 21, 1958, Congress unanimously passed legislation authorizing the transfer of the building to the Smithsonian for a national art museum.
Congress passed legislation establishing the National Portrait Gallery in 1962, and the Civil Service Commission moved out of the structure in November 1963.
Preparations for the renovation began in November 1964, and the Grunley, Walsh Construction Co. began demolition of non-historic interior structures by May 1965.
But just three years later, as the renovation was about to begin, the cost of repairs had risen to $110 million to $120 million.
Prior to the building's closure in January 2000, a decision was reached to allot about one-third of the building's total space to the National Portrait Gallery while simultaneously eliminating the informal north-south division between the NPG and American Art Museum.
Although Congress appropriated $33.5 million for the renovation, reconstruction costs were estimated at $214 million in June 2001 and the museum not scheduled to reopen until 2005.
Smithsonian officials subsequently began discussing a major change to the renovation design: Adding a glass roof to the open courtyard in the center of the Old Patent Office Building.
In November, Robert Kogod (a real estate development executive) and his wife, Arlene (heiress to Charles E. Smith Construction fortune) donated $25 million to complete the canopy.
There is plenty of seating, free wifi, and a cafe with snacks for museum visitors open from 11:30 am until 6:30 pm.
The design had to be approved by the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC), which has statutory authority to approve all buildings and renovations in the D.C. metropolitan area.
Although the NCPC approved the preliminary design, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), the United States Department of the Interior, the D.C. State Preservation Office, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation all opposed the enclosure of the courtyard.
In October 2005, the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation made a $45 million donation to the NPG to finish both the building renovation and the canopy.
Jim Carrey reprises his role as the title character Ace Ventura, a detective who specializes in retrieval of tame and captive animals.
The film was written and directed by Carrey's close friend Steve Oedekerk, who had also collaborated in the production and as a character consultant for the first film.
Once he has recovered, he is approached by Fulton Greenwall, a British correspondent working for a provincial consulate in the fictional African country of Nibia.
Because Ace is loathed at the monastery, the Grand Abbot gives Ace excuses to justify his departure, and sends him off with Greenwall.
Greenwall is subjected to Ventura's eccentric behavior when he starts mimicking different mating calls, and his dangerous driving when they head off to Africa, warning him about the hostility of eastern lowland gorillas as it is mating season.
Greenwall wants Ventura to find the Great White bat 'Shikaka', a sacred animal of the Wachati tribe, which disappeared shortly after being offered as dowry of the Wachati Princess, who is set to wed the Wachootoo Prince in a marriage of state.
After arriving in Nibia and meeting with consul Vincent Cadby, Ace begins his investigation, but must overcome his intense fear of bats in order to succeed.
Ace's investigation involves eliminating obvious suspects—animal traders, poachers, and a Safari park owner among others—and enduring the growing escalations of threat between the Wachati and the Wachootoo.
After being attacked with drugged blow-darts, Ace suspects the medicine-man of the Wachootoo of taking the bat, as he strongly disapproves of the wedding.
He eventually does when his pain makes the chief, entire tribe, and even Ouda laugh for the first time in years.
As he and Ouda walk back to the village, Ace realizes the dart he was shot with earlier is not the same as the one he was just shot with—meaning the Wachootoo didn't take Shikaka.
Advised by the Abbot, Ace deduces that Cadby has taken the bat, having planned to let the tribes destroy each other so that he can then take possession of the numerous bat caves containing guano to sell as fertilizer worth billions.
Ace, despite his chronic fear of bats, bravely yet dramatically returns the bat just as the tribes are about to meet on the battlefield.
After escaping, he breathes deeply and heavily, then encounters a female amorous silverback eastern lowland gorilla that mistakes his breathing for a mating call and he subsequently mates with the ape.
The Princess is married to the Prince, who is revealed to be the man who humiliated Ace during one of the Wachootoo tribal challenges earlier.
Because of the success of the first film, Morgan Creek Entertainment Group gave lead-actor Jim Carrey the power to decide the director.
In April 1995, Carrey had DeCerchio replaced with Steve Oedekerk, who had worked on the film's predecessor as a script consultant and wrote the screenplay for this film, but had no previous experience with directing feature films.
Spike Jonze wanted to direct the film, but Carrey turned him down as he also had no experience but he mainly didn't know him well enough.
However, Carrey stated he doesn't regret enlisting Oedekerk to direct as they were friends with creative similarities, which included improvising, changing scenes during filming, and had a vast understanding of the main character.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 32% based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 4/10.
The University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute is a hub of intensive study into the applied science of biotechnology and its application to human health, the marine environment, agriculture, and protein engineering/structural biology.
UMBI's four centers conduct research and training that provide a core of expertise and facilities to advance the state's scientific and economic development.
UMBI emphasizes collaboration with industry, other research institutions, and federal laboratories; and sponsors training workshops, short courses, symposia, and seminars throughout the year.
The Columbus Center's Hall of Exploration was used at the home for a short-lived marine biotechnology museum from May through December 1997.
The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States.
It is part of the National Fire Code series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a private trade association.
In some cases, the NEC is amended, altered and may even be rejected in lieu of regional regulations as voted on by local governing bodies.
The NEC is developed by NFPA's Committee on the National Electrical Code, which consists of twenty code-making panels and a technical correlating committee.
First published in 1897, the NEC is updated and published every three years, with the 2020 edition being the most current.
However, no court has faulted anyone for using the latest version of the NEC, even when the local code was not updated.
In the United States, anyone, including the city issuing building permits, may face a civil liability lawsuit for negligently creating a situation that results in loss of life or property.
This liability and the desire to protect residents has motivated cities to adopt and enforce building codes that specify standards and practices for electrical systems (as well as other departments such as water and fuel-gas systems).
This creates a system whereby a city can best avoid lawsuits by adopting a single, standard set of building code laws.
The Deactivation and Decommissioning (D&D) customized extension of the electrical code standard defined by National Electrical Code was developed since current engineering standards and code requirements do not adequately address the unique situations arising during D&D activities at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities.
The NEC also contains information about the official definition of HAZLOC and the related standards given by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and dealing with hazardous locations such as explosive atmospheres.
When a standards organization develops a new coding model and it is not yet accepted by any jurisdiction as law, it is still the private property of the standards organization and the reader may be restricted from downloading or printing the text for offline viewing.
Once the coding model has been accepted as law, it loses copyright protection and may be freely obtained at no cost.
Annexes A-J relate to referenced standards, calculations, examples, additional tables for proper implementation of various code articles (for example, how many wires fit in a conduit) and a model adoption ordinance.
The introduction and the first 8 chapters contain numbered articles, parts, sections (or lists or tables) italicized exceptions, and Informational notes – explanations that are not part of the rules.
Those wiring methods acceptable by the NEC are found in chapter 3, thus all approved wiring method code articles are in the 300s.
The NFPA also publishes a 1,497-page NEC Handbook (for each new NEC edition) that contains the entire code, plus additional illustrations and explanations, and helpful cross-references within the code and to earlier versions of the code.
To be listed, the device must meet testing and other requirements set by a listing agency such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL), SGS North America, Intertek (Formerly ETL), Canadian Standards Association (CSA), or FM Approvals (FM).
Most NRTLs will also require that the manufacturer's facilities and processes be inspected as evidence that a product will be manufactured reliably and with the same qualities as the sample or samples submitted for evaluation.
An NRTL may also conduct periodic sample testing of off-the-shelf products to confirm that safety design criteria are being upheld during production.
However, an AHJ, under the National Electrical Code provisions, has the authority to deny approval for even listed and labeled products.
Likewise, an AHJ may make a written approval of an installation or product that does not meet either NEC or listing requirements, although this is normally done only after an appropriate review of the specific conditions of a particular case or location.
For circuits defined as low voltage, in some jurisdictions, there is no requirement for licensing, training, or certification of installers, and no inspection of completed work is required, for either residential or commercial work.
Low voltage cabling run in the walls and ceilings of commercial buildings is also typically excluded from the requirements to be installed in protective conduit.
The precise reasoning for the selection of 100 volts as the division between high and low is not clearly defined, but appears to be based on the idea that a person could touch the wires carrying low voltage with dry bare hands, and not be electrocuted, injured, or killed.
The meaning also varies when alternating current is used, as there is the more commonly known root mean square voltage (120 V) but also a peak wave voltage (170 V).
Telephones for example use low voltage cabling, but the ringing voltage from the central office is approximately 90 volts peak AC and has an RMS voltage of 63 V.
Although low voltage cabling does not require inspection or training to install in some jurisdictions, it is still important for installers to be aware of specific safety rules such as how to correctly penetrate building fire barriers.
There are requirements for the minimum number of branches, and placement of receptacles, according to the location and purpose of the receptacle outlet.
Aluminum wiring is listed by Underwriters Laboratories for interior wiring applications and became increasingly used around 1966 due to its lower cost.
Prior to 1972, however, the aluminum wire used was manufactured to conform to the 1350 series aluminum alloy, but this alloy was eventually deemed unsuitable for branch circuits due to galvanic corrosion where the copper and aluminum touched, resulting in poor contact and resistance to current flow, connector overheating problems, and potential fire risk.
Today, a new aluminum wire (AA-8000) has been approved for branch circuits that does not cause corrosion where it contacts copper, but it is not readily available and is not manufactured below size #8 AWG.
The NEC also has rules about how many circuits and receptacles should be placed in a given residential dwelling, and how far apart they can be in a given type of room, based upon the typical cord length of small appliances.
Unlike circuit breakers and fuses, which only open the circuit when the current exceeds a fixed value for a fixed time, a GFCI device will interrupt electrical service when more than 4 to 6 milliamperes of current in either conductor leaks to ground.
While arcs from hot to neutral would not trip a GFCI device since current is still balanced, circuitry in an AFCI device detects those arcs and will shut down a circuit.
As of the 1999 National Electrical Code, AFCI protection is required in new construction on all 15- and 20-amp, 125-volt circuits to bedrooms.
However, in commercial and industrial buildings, wiring must be protected from damage, so it is more commonly installed inside metal or plastic conduit or ductwork, or passageways cast in concrete.
While some types of cable are protected by flexible spiraled metal armor, it is more common to install conduit and ductwork and pull the wire in later.
The NEC spends considerable time documenting safe methods of installing cable in conduit, the primary concerns being the abrading of insulation, damage to the wire or insulation caused by sharp bends, kinking, and damage due to excess pulling strain.
However, a wire pulled with enough force to stretch the wire, but not break it, creates a hazard of future failure or fire.
The stretched wire section will have a thinner cross section and higher resistance than other parts of the cable, and may have damaged insulation.
Breaks may form in the stretched insulation, which may not be discovered until the circuit is powered and damage from arcing or shorting has occurred.
For example, insulated cables may not be inserted directly through knockouts, due to the sharp edge around nearly all knockout holes.
Clamping and other wire protection is often not required for plastic conduit parts, as plastic is not likely to damage insulation in contact with it.
Areas with potentially explosive gases need further protection to prevent electrical sparks from igniting the gases, and internal conduit gas-tight barriers to prevent potentially ignited gases from traveling inside the conduit to other parts of the building.
Most commonly-available circuit breakers are rated to carry no more than 80% of their nominal rating continuously (3 hours or more) (NEC Art.
The temperature rating of a wire or cable is generally the maximum safe ambient temperature that the wire can carry full-load power without the cable insulation melting, oxidizing, or self-igniting.
A full-load wire does heat up slightly due to the metallic resistance of the wire, but this wire heating is factored into the cable's temperature rating.
The NEC also specifies adjustments of the ampacity for wires in circular raceways exposed to sunlight on rooftops, due to the heating effects of solar radiation.
In certain situations, temperature rating can be higher than normal, such as for knob-and-tube wiring where two or more load-carrying wires are never likely to be in close proximity.
This gives them a greater heat dissipation rating than standard three-wire NM-2 cable, which includes two tightly bundled load and return wires.
A Service record (SRV record) is a specification of data in the Domain Name System defining the location, i.e., the hostname and port number, of servers for specified services.
Some Internet protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) often require SRV support by network elements.
As in MX records, the target in SRV records must point to hostname with an address record (A or AAAA record).
Clients should use the SRV records with the lowest-numbered priority value first, and fall back to records of higher value if the connection fails.
The first three records share a priority of 10, so the weight field's value will be used by clients to determine which server (host and port combination) to contact.
The two hosts, smallbox1 and smallbox2 will be used for 40% of requests total, with half of them sent to smallbox1, and the other half to smallbox2.
If bigbox is unavailable, these two remaining machines will share the load equally, since they will each be selected 50% of the time.
If all three servers with priority 10 are unavailable, the record with the next lowest priority value will be chosen, which is backupbox.example.com.
This might be a machine in another physical location, presumably not vulnerable to anything that would cause the first three hosts to become unavailable.
Current load of servers is not taken into account, unless TTL values are low enough (around a minute or lower) that the priority (or weight) values can be quickly updated.
A registry of service names for SRV records & protocols is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) as defined in RFC 6335.
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device.
HDMI implements the EIA/CEA-861 standards, which define video formats and waveforms, transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio, auxiliary data, and implementations of the VESA EDID.
The CEC (Consumer Electronics Control) capability allows HDMI devices to control each other when necessary and allows the user to operate multiple devices with one handheld remote control device.
Several versions of HDMI have been developed and deployed since the initial release of the technology, but all use the same cable and connector.
Other than improved audio and video capacity, performance, resolution and color spaces, newer versions have optional advanced features such as 3D, Ethernet data connection, and CEC (Consumer Electronics Control) extensions.
In Europe, either DVI-HDCP or HDMI is included in the HD ready in-store labeling specification for TV sets for HDTV, formulated by EICTA with SES Astra in 2005.
HDMI has the support of motion picture producers Fox, Universal, Warner Bros. and Disney, along with system operators DirecTV, EchoStar (Dish Network) and CableLabs.
The HDMI founders began development on HDMI 1.0 on April 16, 2002, with the goal of creating an AV connector that was backward-compatible with DVI.
HDMI 1.0 was designed to improve on DVI-HDTV by using a smaller connector and adding audio capability and enhanced capability and consumer electronics control functions.
The first Authorized Testing Center (ATC), which tests HDMI products, was opened by Silicon Image on June 23, 2003, in California, United States.
According to In-Stat, the number of HDMI devices sold was 5 million in 2004, 17.4 million in 2005, 63 million in 2006, and 143 million in 2007.
HDMI has become the de facto standard for HDTVs, and according to In-Stat, around 90% of digital televisions in 2007 included HDMI.
On April 8, 2008 there were over 850 consumer electronics and PC companies that had adopted the HDMI specification (HDMI adopters).
On January 7, 2009, HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that HDMI had reached an installed base of over 600 million HDMI devices.
In-Stat has estimated that 394 million HDMI devices would sell in 2009 and that all digital televisions by the end of 2009 would have at least one HDMI input.
On January 28, 2008, In-Stat reported that shipments of HDMI were expected to exceed those of DVI in 2008, driven primarily by the consumer electronics market.
Ten companies were given a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for their development of HDMI by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences on January 7, 2009.
On October 25, 2011, the HDMI Forum was established by the HDMI founders to create an open organization so that interested companies can participate in the development of the HDMI specification.
All members of the HDMI Forum have equal voting rights, may participate in the Technical Working Group, and if elected can be on the Board of Directors.
There is no limit to the number of companies allowed in the HDMI Forum though companies must pay an annual fee of US$15,000 with an additional annual fee of $5,000 for those companies who serve on the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors is made up of 11 companies who are elected every 2 years by a general vote of HDMI Forum members.
All future development of the HDMI specification take place in the HDMI Forum and are built upon the HDMI 1.4b specification.
Also on the same day HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that there were over 1,100 HDMI adopters and that over 2 billion HDMI-enabled products had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard.
On January 8, 2013, HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that there were over 1,300 HDMI adopters and that over 3 billion HDMI devices had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard.
The maximum pixel clock rate for HDMI 1.0 is 165 MHz, which is sufficient to allow 1080p and WUXGA (1920×1200) at 60Hz.
HDMI 1.3 increases that to 340 MHz, which allows for higher resolution (such as WQXGA, 2560×1600) across a single digital link.
An HDMI connection can either be single-link (type A/C/D) or dual-link (type B) and can have a video pixel rate of 25 MHz to 340 MHz (for a single-link connection) or 25 MHz to 680 MHz (for a dual-link connection).
HDMI 1.0 to HDMI 1.2a uses the EIA/CEA-861-B video standard, HDMI 1.3 uses the CEA-861-D video standard, and HDMI 1.4 uses the CEA-861-E video standard.
On July 15, 2013, the CEA announced the publication of CEA-861-F, a standard that can be used by interfaces such as DVI, HDMI, and LVDS.
To ensure baseline compatibility between different HDMI sources and displays (as well as backward compatibility with the electrically compatible DVI standard) all HDMI devices must implement the sRGB color space at 8 bits per component.
HDMI permits sRGB 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), xvYCC 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), or 4:2:2 chroma subsampling (8–12 bits per component).
Other formats are optional, with HDMI allowing up to 8 channels of uncompressed audio at sample sizes of 16-bit, 20-bit and 24-bit, with sample rates of 32kHz, 44.1kHz, 48kHz, 88.2kHz, 96kHz, 176.4kHz and 192kHz.
HDMI also carries any IEC 61937-compliant compressed audio stream, such as Dolby Digital and DTS, and up to 8 channels of one-bit DSD audio (used on Super Audio CDs) at rates up to four times that of Super Audio CD.
As such, any closed caption stream must be decoded and included as an image in the video stream(s) prior to transmission over an HDMI cable to appear on the DTV.
For example, a DVD player that sends an upscaled 720p/1080i format via HDMI to an HDTV has no way to pass Closed Captioning data so that the HDTV can decode it, as there is no line 21 VBI in that format.
HDMI specifically requires the device implement the Enhanced Display Data Channel (E-DDC), which is used by the HDMI source device to read the E-EDID data from the HDMI sink device to learn what audio/video formats it can take.
HDMI requires that the E-DDC implement I²C standard mode speed (100 kbit/s) and allows it to optionally implement fast mode speed (400 kbit/s).
Transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) on HDMI interleaves video, audio and auxiliary data using three different packet types, called the Video Data Period, the Data Island Period and the Control Period.
During the Data Island period (which occurs during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals), audio and auxiliary data are transmitted within a series of packets.
Both HDMI and DVI use TMDS to send 10-bit characters that are encoded using 8b/10b encoding that differs from the original IBM form for the Video Data Period and 2b/10b encoding for the Control Period.
Each Data Island Period is 32 pixels in size and contains a 32-bit Packet Header, which includes 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data for error correction and describes the contents of the packet.
Each packet contains four subpackets, and each subpacket is 64 bits in size, including 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data, allowing for each packet to carry up to 224 bits of audio data.
Seven of the 15 packet types described in the HDMI 1.3a specifications deal with audio data, while the other 8 types deal with auxiliary data.
The General Control Packet carries information on AVMUTE (which mutes the audio during changes that may cause audio noise) and Color Depth (which sends the bit depth of the current video stream and is required for deep color).
The Gamut Metadata Packet carries information on the color space being used for the current video stream and is required for xvYCC.
Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) is an HDMI feature designed to allow the user to command and control up to 15 CEC-enabled devices, that are connected through HDMI, by using only one of their remote controls (for example by controlling a television set, set-top box, and DVD player using only the remote control of the TV).
It is a one-wire bidirectional serial bus that is based on the CENELEC standard AV.link protocol to perform remote control functions.
It was defined in HDMI Specification 1.0 and updated in HDMI 1.2, HDMI 1.2a and HDMI 1.3a (which added timer and audio commands to the bus).
Introduced in HDMI 1.4, HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel (HEAC) adds a high-speed bidirectional data communication link (HEC) and the ability to send audio data upstream to the source device (ARC).
If only ARC transmission is required, a single mode signal using the HEAC+ line can be used, otherwise, HEC is transmitted as a differential signal over the pair of lines, and ARC as a common mode component of the pair.
This direction is used when the TV is the one that generates or receives the video stream instead of the other equipment.
A typical case is the running of an app on a smart TV such as Netflix, but reproduction of audio is handled by the other equipment.
Without ARC, the audio output from the TV must be routed by another cable, typically TOSLink or coax, into the speaker system.
HDMI Ethernet Channel technology consolidates video, audio, and data streams into a single HDMI cable, and the HEC feature enables IP-based applications over HDMI and provides a bidirectional Ethernet communication at 100 Mbit/s.
The physical layer of the Ethernet implementation uses a hybrid to simultaneously send and receive attenuated 100BASE-TX-type signals through a single twisted pair.
No signal conversion is required when an adapter or asymmetric cable is used, so there is no loss of video quality.
From a user's perspective, an HDMI display can be driven by a single-link DVI-D source, since HDMI and DVI-D define an overlapping minimum set of allowed resolutions and frame-buffer formats to ensure a basic level of interoperability.
In the reverse case, a DVI-D monitor has the same level of basic interoperability unless content protection with High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) interferes—or the HDMI color encoding is in component color space instead of RGB, which is not possible in DVI.
An HDMI source, such as a Blu-ray player, may require an HDCP-compliant display, and refuse to output HDCP-protected content to a non-compliant display.
A further complication is that there is a small amount of display equipment, such as some high-end home theater projectors, designed with HDMI inputs but not HDCP-compliant.
Typically, the only limitation is the gender of the adapter's connectors and the gender of the cables and sockets it is used with.
However, many devices output HDMI over a DVI connector (e.g., ATI 3000-series and NVIDIA GTX 200-series video cards), and some multimedia displays may accept HDMI (including audio) over a DVI input.
Intel created the original technology to make sure that digital content followed the guidelines set by the Digital Content Protection group.
CSS, CPRM and AACS require the use of HDCP on HDMI when playing back encrypted DVD Video, DVD Audio, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.
According to HDCP Specification 1.2 (beginning with HDMI CTS 1.3a), any system that implements HDCP must do so in a fully compliant manner.
A simple example of this is several HDMI devices connected to an HDMI AV receiver that is connected to an HDMI display.
Devices called HDCP strippers can remove the HDCP information from the video signal so the video can play on non-HDCP-compliant displays, though a fair use and non-disclosure form must usually be signed with a registering agency before use.
Type A/B are defined in the HDMI 1.0 specification, type C is defined in the HDMI 1.3 specification, and type D/E are defined in the HDMI 1.4 specification.
An HDMI cable is composed of four shielded twisted pairs, with impedance of the order of 100 Ω (±15%), plus seven separate conductors.
HDMI cables with Ethernet differ in that three of the separate conductors instead form an additional shielded twisted pair (with the CEC/DDC ground as a shield).
Category 1 and 2 cables can either meet the required parameter specifications for inter-pair skew, far-end crosstalk, attenuation and differential impedance, or they can meet the required non equalized/equalized eye diagram requirements.
A cable of about can be manufactured to Category 1 specifications easily and inexpensively by using 28 AWG (0.081 mm²) conductors.
With better quality construction and materials, including 24 AWG (0.205 mm²) conductors, an HDMI cable can reach lengths of up to .
Many HDMI cables under 5 meters of length that were made before the HDMI 1.3 specification can work as Category 2 cables, but only Category 2-tested cables are guaranteed to work for Category 2 purposes.
A new certification program was introduced in October 2015 to certify that cables work at the 18 Gbit/s maximum bandwidth of the HDMI 2.0 specification.
In addition to expanding the set of cable testing requirements, the certification program introduces an EMI test to ensure cables minimize interference with wireless signals.
The cable is backwards compatible with the earlier HDMI devices, using existing HDMI type A, C and D connectors, and includes HDMI Ethernet.
An HDMI extender is a single device (or pair of devices) powered with an external power source or with the 5V DC from the HDMI source.
Long cables can cause instability of HDCP and blinking on the screen, due to the weakened DDC signal that HDCP requires.
HDCP DDC signals must be multiplexed with TMDS video signals to comply with HDCP requirements for HDMI extenders based on a single Category 5/Category 6 cable.
Active HDMI cables use electronics within the cable to boost the signal and allow for HDMI cables of up to ; those based on HDBaseT can extend to 100 meters; HDMI extenders that are based on dual Category 5/Category 6 cable can extend HDMI to ; while HDMI extenders based on optical fiber can extend HDMI to .
The HDMI specification is not an open standard; manufacturers need to be licensed by HDMI LLC in order to implement HDMI in any product or component.
While earlier versions of HDMI specs are available to the public for download, only Adopters have access to the latest standards (HDMI 1.4/1.4a/2).
The annual fee is due upon the execution of the Adopter Agreement, and must be paid on the anniversary of this date each year thereafter.
For example, if a cable or IC is sold to an Adopter who then includes it in a television subject to a royalty, then the cable or IC maker would not pay a royalty, and the television manufacturer would pay the royalty on the final product.
HDMI devices are manufactured to adhere to various versions of the specification, in which each version is given a number or letter, such as 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4b.
Each subsequent version of the specification uses the same kind of cable but increases the bandwidth or capabilities of what can be transmitted over the cable.
Since the release of HDMI 1.4, the HDMI Licensing LLC group (which oversees the HDMI standard) has banned the use of version numbers to identify cables.
Non-cable HDMI products, starting on January 1, 2012, may no longer reference the HDMI number, and must state which features of the HDMI specification the product implements.
The link architecture is based on DVI, using exactly the same video transmission format but sending audio and other auxiliary data during the blanking intervals of the video stream.
It defines two connectors called Type A and Type B, with pinouts based on the Single-Link DVI-D and Dual-Link DVI-D connectors respectively, though the Type B connector was never used in any commercial products.
HDMI 1.0 uses 8b/10b encoding for video transmission, giving it 3.96Gbit/s of video bandwidth ( or at 60Hz) and 8-channel LPCM/192 kHz/24-bit audio.
HDMI 1.0 requires support for RGB video, with optional support for 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 (mandatory if the device has support for on other interfaces).
Color depth of 10bpc (30bit/px) or 12bpc (36bit/px) is allowed when using 4:2:2 subsampling, but only 8bpc (24bit/px) color depth is permitted when using RGB or 4:4:4.
HDMI 1.0 allows only specific pre-defined video formats, including all the formats defined in EIA/CEA-861-B and some additional formats listed in the HDMI Specification itself.
All HDMI sources/sinks must also be capable of sending/receiving native Single-Link DVI video and be fully compliant with the DVI Specification.
HDMI 1.2 was released on August 8, 2005 and added the option of One Bit Audio, used on Super Audio CDs, at up to 8 channels.
To make HDMI more suitable for use on PC devices, version 1.2 also removed the requirement that only explicitly supported formats be used.
It added the ability for manufacturers to create vendor-specific formats, allowing any arbitrary resolution and refresh rate rather than being limited to a pre-defined list of supported formats.
In addition, it added explicit support for several new formats including 720p at 100 and 120 Hz and relaxed the pixel format support requirements so that sources with only native RGB output (PC sources) would not be required to support output.
HDMI 1.2a was released on December 14, 2005 and fully specifies Consumer Electronic Control (CEC) features, command sets and CEC compliance tests.
Like previous versions, it uses 8b/10b encoding, giving it a maximum video bandwidth of 8.16 Gbit/s (1920×1080 at 120 Hz or 2560×1440 at 60 Hz).
It added support for 10 bpc, 12 bpc, and 16 bpc color depth (30, 36, and 48 bit/px), called deep color.
It defined cable Categories 1 and 2, with Category 1 cable being tested up to 74.25 MHz and Category 2 being tested up to 340 MHz.
HDMI 1.3a was released on November 10, 2006, and had Cable and Sink modifications for type C, source termination recommendations, and removed undershoot and maximum rise/fall time limits.
It also changed CEC capacitance limits, and CEC commands for timer control were brought back in an altered form, with audio control commands added.
It also added an HDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC) that accommodates a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet connection between the two HDMI connected devices so they can share an Internet connection, introduced an audio return channel (ARC), 3D Over HDMI, a new Micro HDMI Connector, an expanded set of color spaces with the addition of sYCC601, Adobe RGB and Adobe YCC601, and an Automotive Connection System.
HDMI 1.4 defined several stereoscopic 3D formats including field alternative (interlaced), frame packing (a full resolution top-bottom format), line alternative full, side-by-side half, side-by-side full, 2D + depth, and 2D + depth + graphics + graphics depth (WOWvx).
HDMI 1.4 requires that 3D displays implement the frame packing 3D format at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24.
High Speed HDMI cables as defined in HDMI 1.3 work with all HDMI 1.4 features except for the HDMI Ethernet Channel, which requires the new High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet defined in HDMI 1.4.
HDMI 1.4a was released on March 4, 2010, and added two mandatory 3D formats for broadcast content, which was deferred with HDMI 1.4 pending the direction of the 3D broadcast market.
HDMI 1.4a requires that 3D displays implement the frame packing 3D format at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24, side-by-side horizontal at either 1080i50 or 1080i60, and top-and-bottom at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24.
2020 color space, up to 32 audio channels, up to 1536 kHz audio sample frequency, dual video streams to multiple users on the same screen, up to four audio streams, 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, 25 fps 3D formats, support for the 21:9 aspect ratio, dynamic synchronization of video and audio streams, the HE-AAC and DRA audio standards, improved 3D capability, and additional CEC functions.
In December 2016 additional support for HDR Video transport was added to HDMI 2.0b in the recently released CTA-861-G specification, which extends the static metadata signaling to include Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG).
Ultra High Speed HDMI cables are backwards compatible with older HDMI devices, and older cables are compatible with new HDMI 2.1 devices, though the full 48Gbit/s bandwidth is not possible without the new cables.
The increase in maximum bandwidth is achieved by increasing both the bitrate of the data channels and the number of channels.
The structure of the data has been changed to use a new packet-based format with an embedded clock signal, which allows what was formerly the TMDS clock channel to be used as a fourth data channel instead, increasing the signaling rate across that channel to 12GHz as well.
These changes increase the aggregate bandwidth from 18.0Gbit/s (3 × 6.0Gbit/s) to 48.0Gbit/s (4 × 12.0Gbit/s), a 2.66x improvement in bandwidth.
In addition, the data is transmitted more efficiently by using a 16b/18b encoding scheme, which uses a larger percentage of the bandwidth for data rather than DC balancing compared to the 8b/10b scheme used by previous versions (88.% compared to 80%).
This, in combination with the 2.66x bandwidth, raises the maximum data rate of HDMI 2.1 from 14.4Gbit/s to 42.66Gbit/s, approximately 2.96x the data rate of HDMI 2.0.
The 48Gbit/s bandwidth provided by HDMI 2.1 is enough for 8K resolution at approximately 50Hz, with 8bpc RGB or 4:4:4 color.
Other features such as audio, 3D, chroma subsampling, or variable refresh rate depend only on the versions of the ports, and are not affected by what type of HDMI cable is used.
Products are not required to implement all features of a version to be considered compliant with that version, as most features are optional.
For example, displays with HDMI 1.4 ports do not necessarily support the full 340 MHz TMDS clock allowed by HDMI 1.4; they are commonly limited to lower speeds such as 300 MHz (1080p 120 Hz) or even as low as 165 MHz (1080p 60 Hz) at the manufacturer's discretion, but are still considered HDMI 1.4-compliant.
Likewise, features like 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth may also not be supported, even if the HDMI version allows it and the display supports it over other interfaces such as DisplayPort.
HDMI 1.0 and 1.1 are restricted to transmitting only certain video formats, defined in EIA/CEA-861-B and in the HDMI Specification itself.
Formats that are not supported by the HDMI Specification (i.e., no standardized timings defined) may be implemented as a vendor-specific format.
Successive versions of the HDMI Specification continue to add support for additional formats (such as 4K resolutions), but the added support is to establish standardized timings to ensure interoperability between products, not to establish which formats are or aren't permitted.
Individual products may have heavier limitations than those listed below, since HDMI devices are not required to support the maximum bandwidth of the HDMI version that they implement.
Therefore, it is not guaranteed that a display will support the refresh rates listed in this table, even if the display has the required HDMI version.
The Blu-ray specification does not include video encoded with either deep color or xvYCC; thus, HDMI 1.0 can transfer Blu-ray discs at full video quality.
The HDMI 1.4 specification (released in 2009) added support for 3D video and is used by all Blu-ray 3D compatible players.
The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) spokespersons have stated (Sept. 2014 at IFA show in Berlin, Germany) that the Blu-ray, Ultra HD players, and 4K discs are expected to be available starting in the second half to 2015.
It is anticipated that such Blu-ray UHD players will be required to include a HDMI 2.0 output that supports HDCP 2.2.
Blu-ray permits secondary audio decoding, whereby the disc content can tell the player to mix multiple audio sources together before final output.
Some Blu-ray and HD DVD players can decode all of the audio codecs internally and can output LPCM audio over HDMI.
Multichannel LPCM can be transported over an HDMI connection, and as long as the AV receiver implements multichannel LPCM audio over HDMI and implements HDCP, the audio reproduction is equal in resolution to HDMI 1.3 bitstream output.
Virtually all modern AV Receivers now offer HDMI 1.4 inputs and outputs with processing for all of the audio formats offered by Blu-ray Discs and other HD video sources.
During 2014 several manufacturers introduced premium AV Receivers that include one, or multiple, HDMI 2.0 inputs along with a HDMI 2.0 output(s).
However, not until 2015 did most major manufacturers of AV receivers also support HDCP 2.2 as needed to support certain high quality UHD video sources, such as Blu-ray UHD players.
Although often HD video capable cameras include an HDMI interface for playback or even live preview, the image processor and the video processor of cameras usable for uncompressed video must be able to deliver the full image resolution at the specified frame rate in real-time without any missing frames causing jitter.
For example, Intel's motherboard chipsets since the 945G and NVIDIA's GeForce 8200/8300 motherboard chipsets are capable of 8-channel LPCM output over HDMI.
Eight-channel LPCM audio output over HDMI with a video card was first seen with the ATI Radeon HD 4850, which was released in June 2008 and is implemented by other video cards in the ATI Radeon HD 4000 series.
Linux can drive 8-channel LPCM audio over HDMI if the video card has the necessary hardware and implements the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA).
Cyberlink announced in June 2008 that they would update their PowerDVD playback software to allow 192 kHz/24-bit Blu-ray Disc audio decoding in Q3-Q4 of 2008.
Even with an HDMI output, a computer may not be able to produce signals that implement HDCP, Microsoft's Protected Video Path, or Microsoft's Protected Audio Path.
The first computer monitors that could process HDCP were released in 2005; by February 2006 a dozen different models had been released.
The Protected Video Path was enabled in graphic cards that had HDCP capability, since it was required for output of Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD video.
In comparison, the Protected Audio Path was required only if a lossless audio bitstream (such as Dolby TrueHD or DTS-HD MA) was output.
Uncompressed LPCM audio, however, does not require a Protected Audio Path, and software programs such as PowerDVD and WinDVD can decode Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD MA and output it as LPCM.
A limitation is that if the computer does not implement a Protected Audio Path, the audio must be downsampled to 16-bit 48 kHz but can still output at up to 8 channels.
The Asus Xonar HDAV1.3 became the first HDMI sound card that implemented the Protected Audio Path and could both bitstream and decode lossless audio (Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD MA), although bitstreaming is only available if using the ArcSoft TotalMedia Theatre software.
In September 2009, AMD announced the ATI Radeon HD 5000 series video cards, which have HDMI 1.3 output (deep color, xvYCC wide gamut capability and high bit rate audio), 8-channel LPCM over HDMI, and an integrated HD audio controller with a Protected Audio Path that allows bitstream output over HDMI for AAC, Dolby AC-3, Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio formats.
The ATI Radeon HD 5870 released in September 2009 is the first video card that allows bitstream output over HDMI for Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.
In December 2010, it was announced that several computer vendors and display makers including Intel, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung, and LG would stop using LVDS (actually, FPD-Link) from 2013 and legacy DVI and VGA connectors from 2015, replacing them with DisplayPort and HDMI.
Video game consoles that support HDMI include the Xbox 360 (1.2a), Xbox One (1.4b), Xbox One S (2.0a), Xbox One X (2.1), PlayStation 3 (1.3a), PlayStation 4 (1.4b), PlayStation 4 Pro (2.0a), Wii U (1.4), and Nintendo Switch (1.4a).
Some tablet computers, such as the Microsoft Surface, Motorola Xoom, BlackBerry PlayBook, Vizio Vtab1008 and Acer Iconia Tab A500, implement HDMI using Micro-HDMI (Type D) ports.
Samsung has a similar proprietary thirty-pin port for their Galaxy Tab 10.1 that can adapt to HDMI as well as USB drives.
by means of a digital-to-analog converter or AV receiver, as the interface does not carry any analog signals (unlike DVI, where devices with DVI-I ports accept or provide either digital or analog signals).
The HDMI Alternate Mode for USB-C allows HDMI-enabled sources with a USB-C connector to directly connect to standard HDMI display devices, without requiring an adapter.
The standard was released in September 2016, and supports all HDMI 1.4b features such as video resolutions up to Ultra HD 30 Hz, and Consumer Electronic Control (CEC).
Previously, the similar DisplayPort Alternate Mode could be used to connect to HDMI displays from USB Type-C sources, but where in that case, active adapters were required to convert from DisplayPort to HDMI, HDMI Alternate Mode connects to the display natively.
The Alternate Mode reconfigures the four SuperSpeed differential pairs present in USB-C to carry the three HDMI TMDS channels and the clock signal.
The two Sideband Use pins (SBU1 and SBU2) are used to carry the HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel and the Hot Plug Detect functionality (HEAC+/Utility pin and HEAC−/HPD pin).
As there are not enough reconfigurable pins remaining in USB-C to accommodate the DDC clock (SCL), DDC data (SDA), and CEC these three signals are bridged between the HDMI source and sink via the USB Power Delivery 2.0 (USB-PD) protocol, and are carried over the USB-C Configuration Channel (CC) wire.
This is possible because the cable is electronically marked (i.e., it contains a USB-PD node) that serves to tunnel the DDC and CEC from the source over the Configuration Channel to the node in the cable, these USB-PD messages are received and relayed to the HDMI sink as regenerated DDC (SCL and SDA signals), or CEC signals.
In recent years, DisplayPort connectors have become a common feature of premium products—displays, desktop computers, and video cards; most of the companies producing DisplayPort equipment are in the computer sector.
The DisplayPort website states that DisplayPort is expected to complement HDMI, but 100% of HD and UHD TVs had HDMI connectivity.
These features were added to the official HDMI specification slightly later, but with the introduction of HDMI 2.1, these gaps are already leveled off (with e.g.
DisplayPort uses a self-clocking, micro-packet-based protocol that allows for a variable number of differential LVDS lanes as well as flexible allocation of bandwidth between audio and video, and allows encapsulating multi-channel compressed audio formats in the audio stream.
DisplayPort 1.2 supports multiple audio/video streams, variable refresh rate (FreeSync), Display Stream Compression (DSC), and Dual-mode LVDS/TDMS transmitters compatible with HDMI 1.2 or 1.4.
Revision 1.3 increases overall transmission bandwidth to 32.4Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1Gbit/s per lane; it requires Dual-mode with mandatory HDMI 2.0 compatibility and HDCP 2.2.
The DisplayPort connector is compatible with HDMI and can transmit single-link DVI and HDMI 1.2/1.4/2.0 signals using attached passive adapters or adapter cables.
The same external connector is used for both protocols when a DVI/HDMI passive adapter is attached, the transmitter circuit switches to TDMS mode.
The USB 3.1 Type-C connector is an emerging standard that replaces legacy video connectors such as mDP, Thunderbolt, HDMI, and VGA in mobile devices.
USB-C connectors can transmit DisplayPort video to docks and displays using standard USB Type-C cables or Type-C to DisplayPort cables and adapters; USB-C also supports HDMI adapters that actively convert from DisplayPort to HDMI 1.4 or 2.0.
USB Type-C chipsets are not required to include Dual-mode transmitters and only support DisplayPort LVDS protocol, so passive DP-HDMI adapters do not work with Type-C sources.
DisplayPort has a royalty rate of US$0.20 per unit (from patents licensed by MPEG LA), while HDMI has an annual fee of US$10,000 and a per unit royalty rate of between $0.04 and $0.15.
HDMI has a few advantages over DisplayPort, such as ability to carry Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) signals, and electrical compatibility with DVI (though practically limited to single-link DVI rates).
Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL) is an adaptation of HDMI intended to connect mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to high-definition televisions (HDTVs) and displays.
Unlike DVI, which is compatible with HDMI using only passive cables and adapters, MHL requires that the HDMI socket be MHL-enabled, otherwise an active adapter (or dongle) is required to convert the signal to HDMI.
MHL pares down the three TMDS channels in a standard HDMI connection to a single one running over any connector that provides at least five pins.
This lets existing connectors in mobile devices such as micro-USB be used, avoiding the need for additional dedicated video output sockets.
In addition to the features in common with HDMI (such as HDCP encrypted uncompressed high-definition video and eight-channel surround sound), MHL also adds the provision of power charging for the mobile device while in use, and also enables the TV remote to control it.
Although support for these additional features requires connection to an MHL-enabled HDMI port, power charging can also be provided when using active MHL to HDMI adapters (connected to standard HDMI ports), provided there is a separate power connection to the adapter.
Versions 1.3 and 2.0 added support for 1080p 60 Hz ( 4:2:2) with a bandwidth of 3 Gbit/s in PackedPixel mode.
Version 3.0 increased the bandwidth to 6 Gbit/s to support Ultra HD (3840 × 2160) 30 Hz video, and also changed from being frame-based, like HDMI, to packet-based.
The fourth version, superMHL, increased bandwidth by operating over multiple TMDS differential pairs (up to a total of six) allowing a maximum of 36 Gbit/s.
The six lanes are supported over a reversible 32-pin superMHL connector, while four lanes are supported over USB-C Alternate Mode (only a single lane is supported over micro-USB/HDMI).
Display Stream Compression (DSC) is used to allow up to 8K Ultra HD (7680 × 4320) 120 Hz HDR video, and to support Ultra HD 60 Hz video over a single lane.
The remains of five S-IVB third stages of Saturn V rockets from the Apollo program are the heaviest single pieces sent to the lunar surface.
Humans have left over of material on the Moon, and of Moon rock was brought back to Earth by Apollo and Luna missions.
The only artificial objects on the Moon that are still in use are the retroreflectors for the lunar laser ranging experiments left there by the Apollo 11, 14 and 15 astronauts, and by the Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 missions.
Objects at greater than 90 degrees east or west are on the far side of the Moon, including Ranger 4, Lunar Orbiter 1, Lunar Orbiter 2 and Lunar Orbiter 3.
As an adolescent, she studied drama and ballet, and on graduating from Bowen High School, located in the South Chicago neighborhood, went with a local dance group on a tour of Canada.
She was also very popular across parts of the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in the Philippines where she performed at Manila's now defunct EM Club in 1957.
In 1986 she met, and on October 5, 1997, she married retired Air Force General Bernard Adolph Schriever, 20 years her senior, the leader of the crash program that developed U.S. ballistic missiles — both ICBMs and IRBMs in 1953–1962.
They honeymooned in France and the Greek Isles, then took up residence in Schriever's home in northwest Washington, D.C. Schriever died on June 20, 2005, at the age of 94.
For many years she was out of the public eye, but began touring again in the mid-1990s some years after she was widowed, performing memorable concerts at New York's Town Hall, Carnegie Hall and Avery Fisher Hall.
In October 2001, just a few weeks after 9/11, she appeared at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, accompanied by the Count Basie orchestra.
The streets of the city were still lined with armed soldiers, and she was a guest of honor at the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Tribute to Barbra Streisand.
The Astor family achieved prominence in business, society, and politics in the United States and the United Kingdom during the 19th and 20th centuries.
the Astors settled in Germany, first appearing in North America in the 18th century with John Jacob Astor, one of the wealthiest people in history.
John Jacob Astor (born Johann Jakob Astor) was the youngest of four sons born to Johann Jacob Astor (1724–1816) and Maria Magdalena vom Berg (1730–1764).
In 1783, John Jacob left for Baltimore, Maryland, and was active first as a dealer in woodwind instruments, then in New York as a merchant in furs, pianos, and real estate.
She worked alongside her husband as a consultant, and was accused of witchcraft after her success with the company in 1817.
John Jacob's fur trading company established a Columbia River trading post at Fort Astoria in 1811, the first United States community on the Pacific coast.
He was a horse racing enthusiast, and purchased a thoroughbred named Messenger, who had been brought from England to America in 1788.
During the 20th century, the number of American Astors began to decline, but their legacy lives on in their many public works including the New York Public Library.
While many of Astor members had joined to the Episcopal Church, John Jacob Astor remained a member of the Reformed congregation to his death.
Their New York City namesakes are the famous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, an Astor Row, Astor Court, Astor Place, and Astor Avenue in the Bronx, where the Astors used to stable horses.
There are towns of Astor in the states of Florida, Georgia, Iowa, and Kansas and there are Astorias in Illinois, Missouri and Oregon.
Both of the current titleholders continue to sit in the House of Lords following the expulsion of the majority of the hereditary peers by the House of Lords Act 1999.
Air supremacy is a degree of air superiority where a side holds complete control of air warfare and air power over opposing forces.
Air power has increasingly become a powerful element of military campaigns; military planners view having an environment of at least air superiority as a necessity.
Air supremacy allows increased bombing efforts, tactical air support for ground forces, paratroop assaults, airdrops and simple cargo plane transfers, which can move ground forces and supplies.
Air power is a function of the degree of air superiority and numbers or types of aircraft, but it represents a situation that defies black-and-white characterization.
The degree of a force's air control is a zero-sum game with its opponent's; increasing control by one corresponds to decreasing control by the other.
Although the destruction of enemy aircraft in air-to-air combat is the most glamorous aspect of air superiority, it is not the only method of obtaining air superiority.
Historically, the most effective method of gaining air superiority is the destruction of enemy aircraft on the ground and the destruction of the means and infrastructure by which an opponent may mount air operations (such as destroying fuel supplies, cratering runways with anti-runway penetration bombs and the sowing of air-fields with area denial weapons).
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union claimed it could achieve air superiority despite the inferiority of its fighters, by over-running NATO airfields and parking their tanks on the runways, similar to what they have done during Tatsinskaya Raid during the Battle of Stalingrad (note the Germans used parts of their autobahn motorways as airfields during the last war).
Attack by special forces is seen by some commanders as a way to level the playing field when faced by superior numbers or technology; attacking German aircraft and airfields was the main role which the British Special Air Service was formed for.
Given the disparity in effectiveness between their own and South Korean and US fighters, North Korea maintains a large force of infiltration troops.
In the event of a war, they would be tasked, among other missions, with attacking coalition airfields with mortar, machine gun and sniper fire, possibly after insertion by some 300 An-2 low radar-observable biplanes.
Even in today's era of asymmetrical warfare, 15 fedayeen destroyed or severely damaged 8 Marine Harrier jump jets in the September 2012 Camp Bastion raid, with pilots fighting as infantry for the first time in 70 years.
During the First World War, air superiority on the Western Front changed hands between the Germans and the Allies several times.
Douhet's idea that air power could be a decisive force and be used to avoid the long and costly War of Attrition was influential although later events proved him wrong in many details.
At the beginning of World War II, Douhet's ideas were dismissed by some, but it became apparent that his theories on the importance of aircraft were supported by events as the war continued.
In 1925, the Royal Air Force (RAF) tested the ability of air supremacy in isolation from other warfare forms during their first independent action in Waziristan.
After World War I, then-Assistant Chief of Air Service in the United States Army Air Service under Chief Mason Patrick, Mitchell arranged live fire exercises that proved that aircraft could sink battleships (the largest and most heavily armed class of warships).
The Allies saw it, specifically long-range strategic bombing, as being a more important part of warfare which they believed capable of crippling Germany's industrial centers.
Through home-territory advantage and Germany's failure to push home its strategy of targeting Britain's air defenses, Britain was able to establish air superiority over the territory – a superiority that it never lost.
It denied the German military air superiority over the English Channel, making a seaborne invasion (planned as Operation Sea Lion) impossible in the face of Britain's naval power.
After the air battle, known as the Battle of Britain, the Germans switched to a strategy of night bombing raids, which Britain echoed with raids over Germany.
Achieving allowed the Allies to carry out ever-greater strategic bombing raids on Germany's industrial and civilian centers (including the Ruhr and Dresden), and to prosecute the land war successfully on both the Eastern and Western fronts.
Following the Big Week attacks in late February 1944, the new 8th Air Force commander Jimmy Doolittle permitted P-51 Mustangs to fly far ahead of the bomber formations instead of closely escorting them starting in March 1944.
Allied planes went after the German fighters wherever they could be found and substantially lowered bomber losses for their side for the rest of the war over Western Europe.
The element of air superiority has been the driving force behind the development of aircraft carriers, which allow aircraft to operate in the absence of designated air bases.
For example, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was carried out by aircraft operating from carriers thousands of miles away from the nearest Japanese air base.
Germany's most important air superiority fighters were the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190, while the Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Hurricane were the primary ones on the British side.
Performance and range made the P-51 Mustang the outstanding escort fighter which permitted American bombers to operate over Germany during daylight hours.
In the Pacific Theater, the A6M Zero gave Japan air superiority for much of the early part of the war, but suffered against newer naval fighters such as the F6F Hellcat and F4U Corsair which exceeded the Zero in performance and durability.
The Hellcat shot down 5,168 enemy aircraft (the second highest number), while the land-based Lockheed P-38 was third, shooting down 3,785 in all theaters.
During the Cold War between 1946 and 1991 the US, UK, and NATO allies faced the USSR and its allies and were engaged in an arms race of improving radar and fighter intercept capability versus the threat of intercontinental strategic bombers carrying nuclear weapons.
Initially, high altitude, later combined with high supersonic speeds, was hoped to keep nuclear bombers out of range of fighters and later surface to air missiles, both of which were sometimes equipped with nuclear warheads.
In the 1960 U-2 incident an American very high altitude spy plane was shot down over the USSR with a S-75 Dvina(SA-2) long range high altitude surface to air missile largely refuting the concept of high altitude as a refuge for high-performance bomber aircraft.
US training changed to low altitude flight of bombers and unpiloted cruise missiles in the hopes of avoiding ground-based air defense radar networks by hiding in with ground clutter and terrain, thwarting attempts at air supremacy over the enemy landmass.
Airborne early warning and control flying radar aircraft as well as look down shoot down radar in fighter and interceptor aircraft allowed engaging low flying invaders again tipping the balance though this was partly ameliorated by succeeding generations of electronic countermeasures.
Ultimately the US lead the way in first applying stealth technology to small strike aircraft like the F-117 and stealthy nuclear cruise missiles carried in conventional bombers for standoff release before the air defenses got too thick.
The Soviet Union invested heavily in expensive to defeat intermediate and intercontinental range nuclear missiles and less on expensive to maintain patrol bombers, though they had to spend heavily on interceptors and surface to air missiles as well as radar sites to cover the huge landmass of the Soviet Union.
The US joined with Canada to organize defense of the area of Alaska, Canada, and the continental US with North American Aerospace Defense Command or NORAD using both interceptors, some armed with the nuclear AIR-2 Genie, and a surface to air missile component, which was at one point partly nuclearized.
Development for the B-2 stealth bomber was intended for, and in anticipation of, a nuclear war and it was the first fully mature stealth aircraft to enter service.
The F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter was a stealth fighter and interceptor aircraft designed during the Cold War as a medium altitude air superiority fighter which was intended to destroy Warsaw Pact aircraft without ever being detected or engaged; both were introduced after the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
Air superiority in the feared Cold War era WW-III European theater would include fighters intercepting or diverting nuclear and conventionally armed strike aircraft and ground-based air defences some of which were developed into mobile systems which could accompany and protect armored and mechanized formations.
While the Cold War never went hot directly between NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances, the US was engaged in two major limited air wars aiding allies who faced Soviet supported enemies with both sides using weaponry designed to fight WW-III; the Korean and Vietnam wars.
The United States introduced its own swept-wing F-86 Sabre, which claimed kill ratios as high as 10 to 1 against the MiGs.
The Grumman F9F Panther, the mainstay for the USN during the war, was a straight wing carrier-based jet; it had a good showing, even having a 7:2 kill ratio against the more powerful Mig-15.
During the Vietnam war the US side, especially over the north, had restrictive rules of engagement often requiring visual identification nullifying the advantage they would have had using beyond visual range missiles though possibly avoiding friendly fire due to IFF systems not being ubiquitous on US strike aircraft.
The USAF had developed the F-100 and F-104 as air superiority fighters, though by the Vietnam war had already phased out the F-100 from all but air support missions and the fast but slow turning F-104 allegedly deterred attacks and despite losses scored no victories in air combat but in the USAF was also replaced by the F-4 by 1967.
This imbalance lead to the USAF ordering variants of the F-4 with an internal 20mm gun, and both the USAF and USN sometimes flying with centerline gun pods on aircraft not equipped with an internal gun.
The heavy F-14 and F-15 were assigned the primary air superiority mission, because of their longer range radars and capability to carry more missiles of longer range than lightweight fighters.
From 1948, when Israel reestablished independence from a protective League of Nations mandatory regime managed by the UK, the neighbouring countries have, to varying degrees, disputed the legitimacy of a Jewish state in a majority Arab region.
Some neighbouring states have in the last few decades recognized and signed peace treaties; all have ceased large scale conventional warfare to overrun Israel in large part due to an increasing ability to impose Israeli air supremacy over the region's airspace when required.
The air force initially consisted of mainly donated civil aircraft, a variety of obsolete and surplus ex-World War II combat-aircraft were quickly sourced by various means to supplement this fleet.
Creativity and resourcefulness were the early foundations of Israeli military success in the air, rather than technology which, at the inception of the IAF, was generally inferior to that used by Israel's adversaries.
In light of the complete Arab theater air supremacy, and the bombing and shelling of existing airbases, the first Israeli military-grade fighters operated from a hastily constructed makeshift airbase around the current Herzliya Airport, with fighters dispersed between the trees of an orange orchard.
As the war progressed, more and more Czech, US, and British surplus WW-II aircraft were procured, leading to a shift in the balance of power.
In 1956, Israel, France, and the UK invaded the Sinai after Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli ships in the Suez Crisis.
The Egyptian tactic was to use their new Soviet-made MiG-15 jets as fighter escorts, while their older jets conducted strikes against Israeli troops and vehicles.
In air combat, Israeli aircraft shot down between seven and nine Egyptian jets with the loss of one plane, but Egyptian strikes against the ground forces continued through to 1 November.
With the attack by the British and French air forces, President Nasser ordered his pilots to disengage to bases in Southern Egypt.
Egyptian airfields were destroyed with anti-runway penetration bombs and the aircraft were mostly destroyed on the ground; Syria and Jordan also had their air forces destroyed when they entered the conflict.
This is one of the preeminent examples of a smaller force seizing air supremacy where Israel had complete control of the skies above the entire conflict area.
Following the Six-Day War, from 1967 to 1970, there were small scale incursions into the Israeli-held Sinai desert as Egypt rearmed.
This evolved into large-scale artillery and air incursions in 1969, with Soviet pilots and SAM crews arriving to assist in January 1970.
The strategy was to engage Israeli aircraft in surprise fighter encounters near the Suez Canal where Egyptian SAMs could be used to assist fighters.
The first few days of the 1973 Yom Kippur War saw major Arab ground breakthroughs, surprising Israel who, after its lopsided 1967 victory, considered its air supremacy sufficient to blunt or dissuade any conventional attack.
Despite Egypt and Syria having rebuilt their air forces since 1967, Israel continued to deny them the airspace over the battle area; however, these Arab forces were able to control losses and shoot down Israeli air support aircraft by employing mobile surface to air weaponry which travelled along with invading units.
Most of Israel's air power in the first few days was directed to reinforce the badly mismatched garrison overlooking the besieged Golan Heights which was under attack by Syria.
After weakening the Arab SAM cover with airstrikes, commando raids, and armored cavalry, the Arab armored units outran their mobile SAM cover and Israeli aircraft began to take greater control of Egyptian skies, permitting Israeli landings and establishing a beachhead on the west bank of the Suez canal.
When Egyptian fighter aircraft were sent into the area of the Israeli bridgehead, SAM sites were offlined which allowed Israeli air power to more safely engage and destroy many Egyptian fighters though taking some losses.
The 1978 South Lebanon conflict was an invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River, carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in 1978 in response to the Coastal Road massacre.
In the 1982 Lebanon War where Israel invaded up to Beirut, Syria intervened on the side of Lebanon and the PLO forces residing there.
The Soviets were so shaken by the staggering losses sustained by their allies that they dispatched the deputy head of their air defense force to Syria to examine how the Israelis had been so dominant.
The Israelis have upheld substantial air superiority for most of this time with Israel able to operate almost unopposed; Israel held near air supremacy against targets anywhere within range in the Middle East and North Africa until today.
Regarding aircraft procurement, Israel started with British and French designs, then transitioning to indigenous production and then also design before moving again to purchasing to American designs.
The Arabs directly participating in these battles against Israel except for Jordan and, to some extent, Iraq have commonly used Soviet designs.
During the February 2018 Israel–Syria incident, despite the loss of an aircraft, Israel has demonstrated their capability to operate without effective interference within the Syrian theater.
In the 1980s, the United States opted for a newer fighter capable of gaining air superiority without being detected by an opposing force.
The US government approved the Advanced Tactical Fighter program, resulting in the United States Air Force receiving new aircraft to replace their aging F-15 fleet.
In the Falklands War (2 April–20 June 1982), the British deployed Harrier jets as air superiority fighters against Argentina's Mach-capable Dassault Mirage IIIEA fighters and subsonic Douglas A-4 Skyhawk jets.
The Iraqi Air Force suffered almost complete obliteration in the opening stages of the Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991).
It lost most of its aircraft, as well as command-and-control capability, to precise Coalition strikes or when Iraqi personnel flew their aircraft to Iran.
According to several reports, including reports by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists that quote Russian sources, the Russian Federation has in recent decades formulated explicit strategies for using tactical nuclear weapons.
In response Vladimir Putin, then secretary of the Security Council of Russian Federation, developed a concept of using both tactical and strategic nuclear threats and strikes to de-escalate or cause an enemy to disengage from a conventional conflict threatening what Russia considered a strategic interest.
The Kane quantum computer is a proposal for a scalable quantum computer proposed by Bruce Kane in 1998, who was then at the University of New South Wales.
Often thought of as a hybrid between quantum dot and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computers, the Kane computer is based on an array of individual phosphorus donor atoms embedded in a pure silicon lattice.
The original proposal calls for phosphorus donors to be placed in an array with a spacing of 20 nm, approximately 20 nm below the surface.
Then, a potential is applied to the J gate, drawing adjacent donor electrons into a common region, greatly enhancing the interaction between the neighbouring spins.
Kane's proposal for readout was to apply an electric field to encourage spin-dependent tunneling of an electron to transform two neutral donors to a D–D state, that is, one where two electrons orbit the same donor.
Secondly and perhaps more importantly, it's not clear that the D state has a sufficiently long lifetime to allow for readout—the electron tunnels into the conduction band.
Since Kane's proposal, under the guidance of Robert Clark and now Michelle Simmons, pursuing realisation of the Kane quantum computer has become the primary quantum computing effort in Australia.
A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures.
The main purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures.
Building codes are generally intended to be applied by architects, engineers, interior designers, constructors and regulators but are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants, and others.
In the USA the main codes are the International Building Code or International Residential Code [IBC/IRC], electrical codes and plumbing, mechanical codes.
In some countries building codes are developed by the government agencies or quasi-governmental standards organizations and then enforced across the country by the central government.
In other countries, where the power of regulating construction and fire safety is vested in local authorities, a system of model building codes is used.
When an adopting authority decides to delete, add, or revise any portions of the model code adopted, it is usually required by the model code developer to follow a formal adoption procedure in which those modifications can be documented for legal purposes.
However, due to ever increasing complexity and cost of developing building regulations, virtually all municipalities in the country have chosen to adopt model codes instead.
Similarly, in India, each municipality and urban development authority has its own building code, which is mandatory for all construction within their jurisdiction.
All these local building codes are variants of a National Building Code, which serves as model code proving guidelines for regulating building construction activity.
The book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible stipulated that parapets must be constructed on all houses to prevent people from falling off.
After the Great Fire of London in 1666, which had been able to spread so rapidly through the densely built timber housing of the city, the Rebuilding of London Act was passed in the same year as the first significant building regulation.
Drawn up by Sir Matthew Hale, the Act regulated the rebuilding of the city, required housing to have some fire resistance capacity and authorised the City of London Corporation to reopen and widen roads.
The Laws of the Indies were passed in the 1680s by the Spanish Crown to regulate the urban planning for colonies throughout Spain's worldwide imperial possessions.
Among the provisions, builders were required to give the district surveyor two days' notice before building, regulations regarding the thickness of walls, height of rooms, the materials used in repairs, the dividing of existing buildings and the placing and design of chimneys, fireplaces and drains were to be enforced and streets had to be built to minimum requirements.
Surveyors were empowered to enforce building regulations, which sought to improve the standard of houses and business premises, and to regulate activities that might threaten public health.
In Paris, under the reconstruction of much of the city under the Second Empire (1852–70), great blocks of apartments were erected and the height of buildings was limited by law to five or six stories at most.
The structural failure of the tank that caused the Great Molasses Flood of 1919 prompted the Boston Building Department to require engineering and architectural calculations be filed and signed.
The purpose of building codes is to provide minimum standards for safety, health, and general welfare including structural integrity, mechanical integrity (including sanitation, water supply, light, and ventilation), means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation.
Building departments review plans submitted to them before construction, issue permits [or not] and inspectors verify compliance to these standards at the site during construction.
There are often additional codes or sections of the same building code that have more specific requirements that apply to dwellings or places of business and special construction objects such as canopies, signs, pedestrian walkways, parking lots, and radio and television antennas.
The energy codes of the United States are adopted at the state and municipal levels and are based on the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC).
The remaining states had adopted either: a state-written code; a regional code; a prior version of the MEC or American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers standards; or no code at all.
With 1925 origins as a research station on Solomons Island, the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) is one of the University System of Maryland's two scientific research centers.
The center provides a unified focus for environmental research and education in Maryland, United States, with special attention to problems of the Chesapeake Bay, but research programs are undertaken across the US and globally.
It was the original site of Derby's railway manufacturing industry, but land here had also been used for gas and coke works, gravel abstraction and landfill.
Extensive redevelopment took place over 10 years to reclaim the site, including the building of a new access road to open the area up.
Derby County Football Club are proposing to expand facilities on offer around the football stadium with a £20 million development plan.
This is despite the club being unsuccessful in their bid to include the stadium as a venue in England's bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Derby County CEO Tom Glick, said that these plans would help the club deal with the new Financial Fair Play regulations which will be introduced in the Football League from 2012, as revenue from the Plaza will be reinvested back into the club.
This planned development also coincides with a plan from the City Council to build a multi-use sports arena on the same site as the proposed Plaza.
It was designed as an STOL transport and intended as a replacement for the Antonov An-26, but variants have found success as commercial freighters.
Produced in tandem with the An-72, the An-74 variant adds the ability to operate in harsh weather conditions in polar regions, because it can be fitted with wheel-skis landing gear, de-icing equipment and a number of other upgrades, allowing the aircraft to support operations in Arctic or Antarctic environments.
An unusual design feature of the An-72 is the use of the Coandă effect to improve STOL performance, utilizing engine exhaust gases blown over the wing's upper surface to boost lift.
The An-72 bears a resemblance to the Boeing YC-14, a prototype design from the early 1970s (design submitted to the Air Force in February 1972) which had also used overwing engines and the Coandă effect.
The rear fuselage of the aircraft has a hinged loading ramp with a rear fairing that slides backwards and up to clear the opening.
In 2018 it was reported that six An-72 aircraft will be upgraded for the Russian Aerospace Forces and Navy to carry more fuel and payload for Arctic operations.
This aircraft was designed to be used on unprepared surfaces: its robust undercarriage and high-flotation tyres allow operations on sand, grass, or other unpaved surfaces.
According to Statistics Canada in 2011, there are more than 600 First Nations/Indian bands in Canada and 3,100 Indian reserves across Canada.
3 are governed by the Musqueam Indian Band, one of many examples where a single government is responsible for more than one reserve.
Many reserves have no resident population; typically they are small, remote, non-contiguous pieces of land, a fact which has led many to be abandoned, or used only seasonally (as a trapping territory, for example).
For the 2011 census, of the more than 3,100 Indian reserves across Canada, there were only 961 Indian reserves classified as census subdivisions (including the 6 reserves added for 2011).
One band Chief and Council commonly administer more than one reserve such as the Beaver Lake Cree Nation with two reserves, or the Lenape people, who are in Canada incorporated as the Munsee-Delaware Nation and who occupy Munsee-Delaware Nation Indian Reserve No.
1, consists of three non-contiguous parcels of land totally 1054 hectares within the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 42 near Muncey, Ontario, which was formerly shared between them and the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation as a single parcel of land.
Some reserves are shared by multiple bands, whether as fishing camps or educational facilities such as Peckquaylis, a reserve on the Fraser River which is used by 21 Indian bands; it was formerly St. Mary's Indian Residential School and is an example of a reserve created in modern times.
In 1870, the newly formed Dominion government acquired Rupert's Land, a vast territory in British North America, consisting mostly of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that had been controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company under its Charter with the British Crown from 1670-1870.
After the Royal Proclamation and before Confederation in 1867 the Upper Canada Treaties (1764–1862 Ontario) and the Douglas Treaties (1850-1854 British Columbia) treaties were signed.
Between 1871 and 1921, through numbered treaties with First Nations, the Canadian government gained large areas of land for settlers and for industry in Northwestern Ontario, Northern Canada and in the Prairies.
The treaties, also called the Land Cession or Post-Confederation Treaties, Treaty 1 was a controversial agreement established August 3, 1871, between Queen Victoria and various First Nations in southeastern Manitoba, including the Chippewa and the Swampy Cree tribes.
Treaty 1 First Nations comprise the Brokenhead Ojibway Nation, Fort Alexander (Sagkeeng First Nation), Long Plain First Nation, Peguis First Nation, Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation, Sandy Bay First Nation and Swan Lake First Nation.
Members of bands may enter into a trust agreement with CMHC, and lenders can receive loans to build or repair houses.
Reserve lands and the personal property of bands and resident band members are exempt from all forms of taxation except local taxation.
This exemption has allowed band members operating in proprietorships or partnerships to sell heavily taxed goods, such as cigarettes, on their reserves at prices considerably lower than those at stores off the reserves.
Due to treaty settlements, some Indian reserves are now incorporated as villages, such as New Aiyansh, British Columbia, which like other Nisga'a reserves was relieved of that status by the Nisga'a Treaty.
Indian reserves play a very important role in public policy stakeholder consultations, particularly when reserves are located in areas that have valuable natural resources with potential for economic development.
In computing, a Las Vegas algorithm is a randomized algorithm that always gives correct results; that is, it always produces the correct result or it informs about the failure.
An alternative definition requires that a Las Vegas algorithm always terminates (is effective), but may output a symbol not part of the solution space to indicate failure in finding a solution.
The nature of Las Vegas algorithms makes them suitable in situations where the number of possible solutions is limited, and where verifying the correctness of a candidate solution is relatively easy while finding a solution is complex.
Las Vegas algorithms are prominent in the field of artificial intelligence, and in other areas of computer science and operations research.
However, some systematic search methods, such as modern variants of the Davis–Putnam algorithm for propositional satisfiability (SAT), also utilize non-deterministic decisions, and can thus also be considered Las Vegas algorithms.
Las Vegas algorithms were introduced by László Babai in 1979, in the context of the graph isomorphism problem, as a dual to Monte Carlo algorithms.
Approximate completeness is primarily of theoretical interest, as the time limits for finding solutions are usually too large to be of practical use.
These criteria are divided into three categories with different time limits since Las Vegas algorithms do not have set time complexity.
A simple example is randomized QuickSort, where the pivot is chosen randomly, and divides the elements into three partitions: elements less than pivot, elements equal to pivot, and elements greater than pivot.
However, if the value of pivot is near the middle of the array, then the split will be reasonably well balanced.
In the case of average case, it is hard to determine since the analysis does not depend on the input distribution but on the random choices that the algorithm makes.
The average of QuickSort is computed over all possible random choices that the algorithm might make when making the choice of pivot.
Note that the probability that the pivot is middle value element every time is one out of n numbers which is very rare.
However, it is not practical in real life because it is not easy to find the information of distribution of T(x).
Furthermore, there is no point of running the experiment repeatedly to obtain the information about the distribution since most of the time, the answer is needed only once for any x.
Las Vegas algorithms can be contrasted with Monte Carlo algorithms, in which the resources used are bounded but the answer may be incorrect with a certain (typically small) probability.
By an application of Markov's inequality, a Las Vegas algorithm can be converted into a Monte Carlo algorithm by running it for set time and generating a random answer when it fails to terminate.
By an application of Markov's inequality, we can set the bound on the probability that the Las Vegas algorithm would go over the fixed limit.
If a deterministic way to test for correctness is available, then it is possible to turn a Monte Carlo algorithm into a Las Vegas algorithm.
Assume that there is an array with the length of even n. Half of the array are 0's and the rest half are 1's.
Since Las Vegas does not end until it finds 1 in the array, it does not gamble with the correctness but run-time.
John Graham McVie (born 26 November 1945) is a British bass guitarist, best known as a member of the rock bands John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers from 1964 to 1967 and Fleetwood Mac since 1967.
McVie and Fleetwood are the only two members of the group to appear on every Fleetwood Mac release, and for over forty years have been the group's only remaining original members.
John Graham McVie was born in Ealing, then in Middlesex (now in west London), to Reg and Dorothy McVie and attended Walpole Grammar School.
John McVie started playing the trumpet at an early age then at age 14, McVie began playing the guitar in local bands, covering songs by The Shadows.
Initially he just removed the bottom two (E and B) strings from his guitar to play the bass parts until his father bought him a pink Fender bass guitar, the same as that used by McVie's major early musical influence Jet Harris, The Shadows' bass player.
McVie was in 3J class with Roger Warwick, a baritone sax player who had studied under Don Rendell and was to emerge in the London rock-jazz scene.
McVie's first experience making music with a group of like minds was in the back room of a house in Lammas Park Road, Ealing with his long term friends John Barnes and Peter Barnes who later went on to form a group called The Strangers performing Shadows covers.
McVie's first job as a bass player was in a band called the Krewsaders, formed by boys living in the same street as McVie in Ealing, West London.
Around the time of McVie's tenure as a tax inspector, John Mayall began forming a Chicago-style blues band, John Mayall's Bluesbreakers.
Initially Mayall wanted to recruit bass player Cliff Barton of the Cyril Davies All Stars for the rhythm section of his new band.
Barton declined, however, but gave him McVie's phone number, urging Mayall to give the talented young bass player a chance in the Bluesbreakers.
Under Mayall's tutelage, McVie, not having had any formal training in music, learned to play the blues mainly by listening to B.B.
In 1966, a young Peter Green was asked to join Mayall's Bluesbreakers as the band's new lead guitar player, after Eric Clapton, the third guitarist with the band (after Bernie Watson and then Roger Dean), had left.
Green, McVie, and Fleetwood quickly forged a strong personal relationship, and when John Mayall gave Green some free studio time for his birthday, Green asked McVie and Fleetwood to join him for a recording session.
However, McVie initially was reluctant to join Fleetwood Mac, not wanting to leave the security and well-paid job in the Bluesbreakers, forcing Green to temporarily hire a bassist named Bob Brunning.
A few weeks later McVie changed his mind, however, as he felt that The Bluesbreakers musical direction were shifting too much towards jazz, and he joined Fleetwood Mac in September 1967.
The album was released in February 1968, and became an immediate national hit, establishing Fleetwood Mac as a major part in the English Blues movement.
Fleetwood Mac started playing live gigs in blues clubs and pubs throughout England, and became a household name in the national blues circuit.
In the next three years, the band scored a string of hits in the UK and also enjoyed success in continental Europe.
It was on one such occasion that McVie met his future wife, the lead singer and piano player of Chicken Shack, Christine Perfect.
Following a brief romance of, it has been said, only two weeks, McVie and Perfect got married with Peter Green as best man.
With the couple being unable to spend much time together because of the constant touring with their bands, Christine (now McVie) quit Chicken Shack to become a housewife to spend more time with John.
However, following the departure of Peter Green from Fleetwood Mac in 1970, McVie successfully persuaded Christine to join him in Fleetwood Mac.
After 1970, Fleetwood Mac went through several different line-ups, which occasionally became the source of friction and unease within the band.
In 1974, the McVies, along with the other members of Fleetwood Mac, moved to Los Angeles, where they lived briefly with John Mayall.
In 1981, McVie agreed to go on the road with the Bluesbreakers again for their reunion tour with John Mayall, Mick Taylor, and Colin Allen.
During 1982 the band toured America, Asia and Australia (John McVie did not take part in the European Tour in 1983 and was replaced by Steve Thompson).
In his spare time, McVie is a sailing enthusiast, and he nearly got lost at least once on a Pacific voyage.
On 27 October 2013, Fleetwood Mac announced on their Facebook Page that McVie had been diagnosed with colon cancer and would be undergoing treatment.
He continued to play with the band during their 2014 On With The Show tour following an improvement in his condition.
Transgressive fiction is a genre of literature which focuses on characters who feel confined by the norms and expectations of society and who break free of those confines in unusual or illicit ways.
Because they are rebelling against the basic norms of society, protagonists of transgressive fiction may seem mentally ill, anti-social, or nihilistic.
The genre has been the subject of controversy, and many forerunners of transgressive fiction, including William S. Burroughs and Hubert Selby Jr., have been the subjects of obscenity trials.
Unbound by usual restrictions of taste and literary convention, its proponents claim that transgressive fiction is capable of incisive social commentary.
The early development of the genre was anticipated in the work of early 20th century writers such as Octave Mirbeau, Georges Bataille, and Arthur Schnitzler, who explored psychosexual development.
Random House Inc. challenged the claim of obscenity in federal court and was granted permission to print the book in the US.
In the late 1950s, American publisher Grove Press, under publisher Barney Rosset, began releasing decades-old novels that had been unpublished in most of the English-speaking world for many years due to controversial subject matter.
Both books were ruled not obscene and forced the US courts to weigh the merit of literature that would have once been instantly deemed pornographic (see Miller test).
The transgressive nature of this subject has made Lolita a book often found on the list of books banned by governments and the list of most commonly challenged books in the United States.
Grove Press won all these trials, and the victories paved the way both for transgressive fiction to be published legally, as well as bringing attention to these works.
Ballard, a British writer known for his strange and frightening dystopian novels; Kathy Acker, an American known for her sex-positive feminist fiction; and Charles Bukowski, an American known for his tales of womanizing, drinking, and gambling.
In the 1990s, the rise of alternative rock and its distinctly downbeat subculture opened the door for transgressive writers to become more influential and commercially successful than ever before.
Other influential authors of this decade include Bret Easton Ellis, known for novels about depraved yuppies; Irvine Welsh, known for his portrayals of Scotland's drug-addicted working class youth; and Chuck Palahniuk, known for his characters' bizarre attempts to escape bland consumer culture.
Both of Elizabeth Young's volumes of literary criticism from this period deal extensively and exclusively with this range of authors and the contexts in which their works can be viewed.
The early 21st century saw the rise of writers like Rupert Thomson, R D Ronald and Kelly Braffet with their protagonists further pushing the criminal, sexual, violent, narcotic, self-harm, anti-social and mental illness related subject matter taboos from the shadows of the transgressive umbrella into the forefront of mainstream fiction.
Due to a surge in popularity in the 21st century Transgressive Fiction now has a central hub celebrating authors and books from past classics to contemporary masterpieces.
The Quinnipiac/Quiripi/Renapi people are considered to be the first of the indigenous peoples to be placed on a reservation (by the English in 1638), under the first of several treaties which resulted in additional reservations at Branford, Madison, Derby, and Farmington.
Trumbull was the first to recognize that the New Haven band of the Quiripi was only one band or sub-sachemship and not the entire tribal nation.
Since 1997, more extensive research, based on linguistics and early historical records, has extended the boundaries of the 1500-1600 AD Quiripi/Renapi/Quinnipiac confederacies to include all of what is now Connecticut, eastern New York, northern New Jersey, and half of Long Island (prior to the immigration of the Pequot/Mohegan peoples into eastern CT).
The Quinnipiac River flows southward from Farmington, CT (Tunxis Sub-Sachemship) at Deadwood Swamp to the New Haven harbor on Long Island Sound.
The Quinnipiac people of the Long Water Land had several sub-sachemships and villages along its banks as well as main trails that criss-crossed its length.
The Quinnipiac River and Quinnipiac Hiking Trail still run directly through Sleeping Giant State Park, a sacred site revered by the Quinnipiac people as the petrified body of their culture hero, the Stone Giant, Hobbomock.
The Dutch and French called these people Quiripi (also spelled Quiripey), and the English knew them as Quinnipiac (also Quinnipiack, Quillipiac).
Bands of the Long Water Land Renapi were situated in Eastern New York, Northern New Jersey, and Connecticut, where their summer camps were on the shores and along the estuaries that ran into the Sound.
Quinnipiac River runs almost the width (top to bottom) of the state and the Connecticut (originally spelled Quinnehtukqut) River runs from the Sound all the way to the border between New Hampshire and Quebec, Canada.
), where a hereditary Long-House Grand Sachem presided over an alliance of Stump-Chief Sachems (non-hereditary, but holding positions by virtue of marriage or appointment) and Sagamores/Sagamaughs (hereditary positions), all of whom acted as wise councilors.
One of the most renown was at Cahokia, where archaeologists found these stockpiles with drills and drill bits, as well as large quantities of finished beads.
Samples weighing a few tons can be viewed at the Peabody Museum of Natural History on Whitney Avenue in New Haven, Connecticut.
The Mattabesec Sachemship in the heart of Wangunk sub-sachemships was the easternmost entrance to the Wappinger-Mattabesec Confederacy and prior to the major epidemics of the 16th-17th century, this eastern door was where Rhode Island is now (and the eastern border of Connecticut).
), the estimated population was about 25,000 in Connecticut, an additional 25,000 in Eastern New York and New Jersey (Northern Mountains).
The Quinnipiac reservation at Mioonhktuck (East Haven) is said to be the first reservation in what would become the United States over a century later, as a result of the first Quinnipiac/English Treaty signed in November 1638.
These treaties were with the British Crown and, as such, were ratified by the U.S. Constitution, according to U.S. Supreme Court decisions.
Large groups, who could not remain at the regional reserved lands, embarked on a series of removals to other Algonquian groups.
Some of these included, but were not limited to the Schaghticoke enclave, which began in the year 1699, after old Joseph Chuse married Sarah Mahwee (Mahweeyeuh).
Sarah told Ezra Stiles of Yale that she was born at East Haven and Dr. Blair Rudes confirmed that she was indeed Quinnipiac.
Other groups of refugees migrated to Brotherton at Oneida, New York, then to the White River and Muncie, Indiana; some to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and Stockbridge, Wisconsin; some to Odenak (St. Francis) and Quebec, Canada.
Others who migrated went to Pennsylvania, eastern New York, and northern New Jersey, at the Ramapo Mountain refugium (see Ramapough Mountain Indians), by moving from rock shelter to rock shelter, in order to survive.
A rogue sachem, named Uncus, angry for having been passed over to lead the Pequotoog, took his followers and struck out on his own, founding the Mohegan Band.
Quinnipiac warriors served in many wars and battles as soldiers and sailors and as subsequent refugees, who migrated to Stockbridge, merged into an alliance to help the Sons of Liberty defeat the English in the American Revolution because of the betrayal by English allies in land dealings.
The original thirteen colonies adopted the socio-political structure of the Quinnipiac Wampano Confederacy, with each state having its own totem and calling their leader a sachem.
The bean and squash plants were planted in the valleys between rows of corn, so that the beans would curl around the corn stalks and weeding was unnecessary.
Many other plants considered weeds today were used by the Long Water people for food, beverages, medicine, and for making mats.
During the Colonial period, Quinnipiac men hired out as laborers, fishermen, and guides (the English often got lost), and Quinnipiac women sold their crafts.
The bigger dwellings were sachems' houses, which often had five or six fire pits in one dwelling (because they often had their extended family living with them).
The Long Water Land people were well known for their elm bark canoes (light and fast for easy portage), and to dugout canoes, used for trade and war.
They reckoned the passing of time by a lunar calendar and an eight-part ceremonial cycle, using various lithic and earth features as observatories to determine the phases of the sun, moon, and stars for planting, harvest, and ceremonies.
Mantowese, sachem of Mattabesec (Middletown), to the north of New Haven, signed the Second Treaty with the English, granting them use of land in his sub-sachemship.
Shampishuh, sister to Momauguin, was the female sachem (sunksquaw) of the Menunkatuck (Guilford) Sub-sachemship, who signed the Third Treaty with the English, granting them the use of land near Madison and Guilford, but reserving land east of Kuttawoo River for her people.
Quosoquonch, the sachem of the Totoket Sub-sachemship and uncle of Shampishuh, worked with Shaumpishuh in 1639 to draw up a map (for Rev.
Henry Whitfield and John Higginson) of the Quinnipiac sachemdoms from the Quinnipiac River in the west to beyond Hammonasset in the east, which included landmarks.
Elizabeth Sakaskantawe Brown was born around 1850 and lived to be well over 100 years old, living on about near Branford, Connecticut.
Sakaskantawe (Flying Squirrel) was the last matriarch of the Totoket Band and was a descendant of James Mah-wee-yeuh, a Sachem of the Mioonkhtuk Band (East Haven), who died near Cheshire in 1745.
After contact with the Europeans, which caused the epidemics and resulted in a shift of regional dialects, the language was spoken in western Connecticut, eastern New York, half of Long Island, and northern New Jersey.
From 1770 to the 20th century, the dialect became a pidginized hybridization of the n, l, y, and r dialects, until ACLI began reviving the original dialect.
Many converted just to stay alive; some pretended to convert in order to remain in their homeland and/or to avoid being sold into slavery; others converted but relocated at missionary refugee camps that boasted better treatment; still others migrated to refugiums on land of other Algonquian or Iroquoian peoples.
The Quinnipiac Stone Giant Twins (Hobbomock and Maushop), as the primary culture heroes, acted as the epitomes of good and bad, right and wrong, honorable deeds and mischievous behavior.
Hobbomock was, to the Quinnipiac, a benevolent spirit who taught the people how to hunt, fish, and survive the Ice Age, earthquakes, famines, etc., and he was the one prayed to when assistance was needed.
The Algonquian Confederacy of the Quinnipiac Tribal Council (ACQTC), the primary representative of the Quinnipiac people and heritage, has three forms of membership: full, confederate, and honorary.
Full membership includes those whose lineages trace back to the family names of Manweeyeuh, Mahwee, Cockenoe, Nonsuch, Soebuck, Redhead, Sock, Brown, Adams, Griswold, Parmalee, Curley, Skeesucks, LaFrance, Quinney, Ninham, Dean, Thompson/Tompson, Peters, Montour, Marchand, Klingerschmidt, Moses, Cornelius, Higheum, Waubeno, Douglas, Scott, Anthony, Butler, Burnham, Rouleau, and Hazel and these total about 50 to 100 families.
Confederate membership includes refugee families who trace their ancestry to the refugiums and enclaves cited above at NY, MA, PA, RI, IN, OH, WI, KS, TX, and Quebec (Canada)—which total about 100 families.
Due to its tight and selective binding to F-actin, derivatives of phalloidin containing fluorescent tags are used widely in microscopy to visualize F-actin in biomedical research.
Though phallotoxins are highly toxic to liver cells, they add little to the toxicity of ingested death cap, as they are not absorbed through the gut.
They determined the presence of the sulfur atom using UV spectroscopy and found that this ring structure had a slightly shifted wavelength.
Due to its high affinity for actin, scientists discovered its potential use as a staining reagent for effective visualization of actin in microscopy.
Because of its ability to selectively bind filamentous actin (F-actin) and not actin monomers (G-actin), fluorescently labeled phalloidin is more effective than antibodies against actin.
The gene coding for synthesis of phalloidin is part of the MSDIN family in the Death Cap mushroom and codes for a 34 amino acid propeptide.
After translation, the peptide must be proteolyticly excised, cyclized, hydroxylated, Trp-Cys cross-linked to form tryptathionine, and epimerized to form a D-Thr.
Since phalloidin is exploited for its ability to bind and stabilize actin polymers but cells cannot readily uptake it, scientists have found phalloidin derivatives to be more useful in research.
Note that the synthesis below is simply a general scheme to show the order of bond formation to connect the starting materials.
Ala-phalloidin as well as many other similar variants of phalloidin are useful to increase cell uptake relative to phalloidin and to attach a fluorophore to aid in the visualization of F-actin in microscopy.
The first total synthesis of phalloidin was achieved through a combination of solid phase and solution phase synthesis (Baosheng Liu and Jianheng Zhang, United States Patent, US 8,569,452 B2).
Phalloidin, a bicyclic heptapeptide, binds to actin filaments much more tightly than to actin monomers, leading to a decrease in the rate constant for the dissociation of actin subunits from filament ends, which essentially stabilizes actin filaments through the prevention of filament depolymerization.
Thus, phalloidin traps actin monomers in a conformation distinct from G-actin and it stabilizes the structure of F-actin by greatly reducing the rate constant for monomer dissociation, an event associated with the trapping of ADP.
The properties of phalloidin make it a useful tool for investigating the distribution of F-actin in cells by labeling phalloidin with fluorescent analogs and using them to stain actin filaments for light microscopy.
A high-resolution technique was developed to detect F-actin at the light and electron microscopic levels by using phalloidin conjugated to the fluorophore eosin which acts as the fluorescent tag.
In this method known as fluorescence photo-oxidation, fluorescent molecules can be utilized to drive the oxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB) to create a reaction product that can be rendered electron dense and detectable by electron microscopy.
The amount of fluorescence visualized can be used as a quantitative measure of the amount of filamentous actin there is in cells if saturating quantities of fluorescent phalloidin are used.
Consequently, immunofluorescence microscopy along with microinjection of phalloidin can be used to evaluate the direct and indirect functions of cytoplasmic actin in its different stages of polymer formation.
Phalloidin is much smaller than an antibody that would typically be used to label cellular proteins for fluorescent microscopy which allows for much denser labeling of filamentous actin and much more detailed images can be acquired particularly at higher resolutions.
Furthermore, it is important to note that phalloidin-treated cells will have greater levels of actin associated with their plasma membranes, and the microinjection of phalloidin into living cells will change actin distribution as well as cell motility.
Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.
While different theories may try to explain how income inequality comes about, income inequality metrics simply provide a system of measurement used to determine the dispersion of incomes.
Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labour and capital.
Modern economists have also addressed this issue, but have been more concerned with the distribution of income across individuals and households.
One form of income is the total amount of goods and services that a person receives, and thus there is not necessarily money or cash involved.
Here, income inequality measures also can be used to compare the income distributions before and after taxation in order to measure the effects of progressive tax rates.
Among the most common metrics used to measure inequality are the Gini index (also known as Gini coefficient), the Theil index, and the Hoover index.
An additional property of an inequality metric that may be desirable from an empirical point of view is that of 'decomposability'.
This means that if a particular economy is broken down into sub-regions, and an inequality metric is computed for each sub region separately, then the measure of inequality for the economy as a whole should be a weighted average of the regional inequalities plus a term proportional to the inequality in the averages of the regions.
Because these income inequality metrics are summary statistics that seek to aggregate an entire distribution of incomes into a single index, the information on the measured inequality is reduced.
Rather than to indicate a single measure, the society under investigation is split into segments, such as into quintiles (or any other percentage of population).
In many cases the inequality indices mentioned above are computed from such segment data without evaluating the inequalities within the segments.
The higher the number of segments (such as deciles instead of quintiles), the closer the measured inequality of distribution gets to the real inequality.
Quintile measures of inequality satisfy the transfer principle only in its weak form because any changes in income distribution outside the relevant quintiles are not picked up by this measures; only the distribution of income between the very rich and the very poor matters while inequality in the middle plays no role.
The range of the Gini index is between 0 and 1 (0% and 100%), where 0 indicates perfect equality and 1 (100%) indicates maximum inequality.
The reason for its popularity is that it is easy to understand how to compute the Gini index as a ratio of two areas in Lorenz curve diagrams.
As a disadvantage, the Gini index only maps a number to the properties of a diagram, but the diagram itself is not based on any model of a distribution process.
The 20:20 or 20/20 ratio compares how much richer the top 20% of populations are to the bottom 20% of a given population.
This can be more revealing of the actual impact of inequality in a population, as it reduces the effect on the statistics of outliers at the top and bottom and prevents the middle 60% from statistically obscuring inequality that is otherwise obvious in the field.
The 20:20 ratio for example shows that Japan and Sweden have a low equality gap, where the richest 20% only earn 4 times the poorest 20%, whereas in the UK the ratio is 7 times and in the US 8 times.
Some believe the 20:20 ratio is a more useful measure as it correlates well with measures of human development and social stability including the index of child well-being, index of health and social problems, population in prison, physical health, mental health and many others.
The Palma ratio is defined as the ratio of the richest 10% of the population's share of gross national income divided by the poorest 40%'s share.
It is based on the work of Chilean economist Gabriel Palma who found that middle class incomes almost always represent about half of gross national income while the other half is split between the richest 10% and poorest 40%, but the share of those two groups varies considerably across countries.
The Palma ratio addresses the Gini index's over-sensitivity to changes in the middle of the distribution and insensitivity to changes at the top and bottom, and therefore more accurately reflects income inequality's economic impacts on society as a whole.
Palma has suggested that distributional politics pertains mainly to the struggle between the rich and poor, and who the middle classes side with.
The Hoover index is the simplest of all inequality measures to calculate: It is the proportion of all income which would have to be redistributed to achieve a state of perfect equality.
In a perfectly equal world, no resources would need to be redistributed to achieve equal distribution: a Hoover index of 0.
In a world in which all income was received by just one family, almost 100% of that income would need to be redistributed (i.e., taken and given to other families) in order to achieve equality.
The Hoover index then ranges between 0 and 1 (0% and 100%), where 0 indicates perfect equality and 1 (100%) indicates maximum inequality.
The score is calculated using the total compensation of the CEO, including salary, bonuses, the value of stock awards and employee stock options, as well as non-equity incentive plan compensation, and nonqualified deferred compensation.
It has the advantages of being mathematically tractable and its square is subgroup decomposable, but it is not bounded from above.
A Theil index of 1 indicates that the distributional entropy of the system under investigation is almost similar to a system with an 82:18 distribution.
The Theil index can be transformed into an Atkinson index, which has a range between 0 and 1 (0% and 100%), where 0 indicates perfect equality and 1 (100%) indicates maximum inequality.
When applied to income distributions, the first Theil index relates to systems within which incomes are stochastically distributed to income earners, whereas the second Theil index relates to systems within which income earners are stochastically distributed to incomes.
As in case of the Hoover index, the symmetrized Theil index does not change when swapping the incomes with the income earners.
An important property of the Theil index which makes its application popular is its decomposability into the between-group and within-group component.
For example, the Theil index of overall income inequality can be decomposed in the between-region and within region components of inequality, while the relative share attributable to the between-region component suggests the relative importance of spatial dimension of income inequality.
The Theil index indicates the distributional redundancy of a system, within which incomes are assigned to income earners in a stochastic process.
In comparison, the Hoover index indicates the minimum size of the income share of a society, which would have to be redistributed in order to reach maximum entropy.
In order to increase the redundancy in the distribution category of a society as a closed system, entropy needs to be exported from the subsystem operating in that economic category to other subsystems with other entropy categories in the society.
However, in the real world, societies are open systems, but the openness is restricted by the entropy exchange capabilities of the interfaces between the society and the environment of that society.
For societies with a resource distribution which entropywise is similar to the resource distribution of a reference society with a 73:27 split (73% of the resources belong to 27% of the population and vice versa), the point where the Hoover index and the Theil index are equal, is at a value of around 46% (0.46) for the Hoover index and the Theil index.
These statistics are easy to interpret and communicate, because they are relative (this population earns twice as much as this population), but, since they do not fall on an absolute scale, do not provide an absolute measure of inequality.
Particularly common to compare a given percentile to the median, as in the chart at right; compare seven-number summary, which summarizes a distribution by certain percentiles.
For example, the attached graph shows that in the period 1967–2003, US income ratio between median and 10th and 20th percentile did not change significantly, while the ratio between the median and 80th, 90th, and 95th percentile increased.
This reflects that the increase in the Gini coefficient of the US in this time period is due to gains by upper income earners (relative to the median), rather than by losses by lower income earners (relative to the median).
Because income distribution is generally positively skewed, mean is higher than median, so ratios to mean are lower than ratios to median.
For example, in the chart at right, US income share of top earners was approximately constant from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, then increased from the mid-1980s through 2000s; this increased inequality was reflected in the Gini coefficient.
For example, in 2007 the top decile (10%) of US earners accounted for 49.7% of total wages (formula_7 times fraction under equality), and the top 0.01% of US earners accounted for 6% of total wages (600 times fraction under equality).
The Gini coefficient, the Hoover index and the Theil index as well as the related welfare functions can be computed together in a spreadsheet.
From these data inequality measures as well as the related welfare functions are computed and displayed in fields with green background.
The difference between the Theil index and the Hoover index is the weighting of the relative deviation D. For the Hoover index the relative deviation D per group is weighted with its own sign.
For the Theil index the relative deviation D per group is weighted with the information size provided by the income per individual in that group.
In other cases the groups are created based on income ranges which leads to having different numbers of individuals in the different groups.
For each group the number of individuals (or households) per group A and the total income in that group E is specified.
Evidence from a broad panel of recent academic studies shows that there is a nonlinear relation between income inequality and the rate of growth and investment.
In their study for the World Institute for Development Economics Research, Giovanni Andrea Cornia and Julius Court (2001) reach slightly different conclusions.
The authors claim that such efficiency range roughly lies between the values of the Gini coefficients of 0.25 (the inequality value of a typical Northern European country) and 0.40 (that of countries such as the US, France, Germany and the UK).
The precise shape of the inequality-growth curve obviously varies across countries depending upon their resource endowment, history, remaining levels of absolute poverty and available stock of social programs, as well as on the distribution of physical and human capital.
The Sibylline Books () were a collection of oracular utterances, set out in Greek hexameters, that according to tradition were purchased from a sibyl by the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, and were consulted at momentous crises through the history of the Republic and the Empire.
According to the Roman tradition, the oldest collection of Sibylline books appears to have been made about the time of Solon and Cyrus at Gergis on Mount Ida in the Troad; it was attributed to the Hellespontine Sibyl and was preserved in the temple of Apollo at Gergis.
It would appear to have been this very collection that found its way to Cumae (see the Cumaean Sibyl) and from Cumae to Rome.
The story of the acquisition of the Sibylline Books by Tarquinius is one of the famous legendary elements of Roman history.
The Cumaean Sibyl offered to Tarquinius nine books of these prophecies; and as the king declined to purchase them, owing to the exorbitant price she demanded, she burned three and offered the remaining six to Tarquinius at the same stiff price, which he again refused, whereupon she burned three more and repeated her offer.
Tarquinius then relented and purchased the last three at the full original price and had them preserved in a vault beneath the Capitoline temple of Jupiter.
It was only the rites of expiation prescribed by the Sibylline Books, according to the interpretation of the oracle that were communicated to the public, and not the oracles themselves, which left ample opportunity for abuses.
The Sibylline Books motivated the construction of eight temples in ancient Rome, aside from those cults that have been interpreted as mediated by the Sibylline Books simply by the Greek nature of the deity.
Since they were written in hexameter verse and in Greek, the college of curators was always assisted by two Greek interpreters.
The books were kept in the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitol, and, when the temple burned in 83 BC, they were lost.
The Roman Senate sent envoys in 76 BC to replace them with a collection of similar oracular sayings, in particular collected from Ilium, Erythrae, Samos, Sicily, and Africa.
those of the Sibyl at Tibur (the 'Tiburtine Sibyl') of the brothers Marcius, and others, which had been circulating in private hands but which were called in, to be delivered to the Urban Praetor, private ownership of such works being declared illicit, and to be evaluated by the Quindecimviri, who then sorted them, retaining only those that appeared true to them.
According to the poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus, the general Flavius Stilicho (died AD 408) burned them, as they were being used to attack his government.
They are a miscellaneous collection of Jewish and Christian portents of future disasters, that may illustrate the confusions about sibyls that were accumulating among Christians of Late Antiquity.
Quiripi (pronounced , also known as Quiripi-Unquachog, Quiripi-Naugatuck, and Wampano) was an Algonquian language formerly spoken by the indigenous people of southwestern Connecticut and central Long Island, including the Quinnipiac, Unquachog, Mattabesic, Podunk, Tunxis, and Paugussett (subgroups Naugatuck, Potatuck, Weantinock).
It has been effectively extinct since the end of the 18th century, although Frank T. Siebert, Jr., was able to record a few Unquachog words from an elderly woman in 1932.
It shared a number of linguistic features with the other Algonquian languages of southern New England, such as Massachusett and Mohegan-Pequot, including the shifting of Proto-Eastern Algonquian * and * to and , respectively, and the palatalization of earlier * before certain front vowels.
One of the earliest Quiripi vocabularies was a 67-page bilingual catechism compiled in 1658 by Abraham Pierson, the elder, during his ministry at Branford, Connecticut, which remains the chief source of modern conclusions about Quiripi.
Additionally, three early hymns written circa 1740 at the Moravian Shekomeko mission near Kent, Connecticut, have been translated by Carl Masthay.
It has hosted some of the most notable events in music, dance, theatre, opera and literature and has held important exhibitions of painting, sculpture and photography.
The building is located on the western side of the historic center of Mexico City next to the Alameda Central park.
The first National Theater of Mexico was built in the late 19th century, but it was soon decided to tear this down in favor of a more opulent building in time for Centennial of the Mexican War of Independence in 1910.
The initial design and construction was undertaken by Italian architect Adamo Boari in 1904, but complications arising from the soft subsoil and the political problem both before and during the Mexican Revolution, hindered then stopped construction completely by 1913.
The building is best known for its murals by Diego Rivera, Siqueiros and others, as well as the many exhibitions and theatrical performances its hosts, including the Ballet Folklórico de México.
A section of this housing, on Santa Isabel Alley, was torn down and replaced by the National Theater in the latter 19th century.
During the late 19th century and very early 20th, this theatre was the site of most of Mexico City's high culture, presenting events such as theatre, operettas, Viennese dance and more.
It was then decided to replace this building with a more opulent one for the upcoming Centennial of Mexican Independence celebrations in 1910.
The work was awarded to Italian architect Adamo Boari, who favored neoclassical and art nouveau styles and who is responsible for the Palacio del Correo which is across the street.
Adamo Boari promised in October 1904 to build a grand metallic structure, which at that time only existed in the United States, but not to this size.
One reason for this is that the project became more complicated than anticipated as the heavy building sank into the soft spongy subsoil.
In 1946, the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Institute of the Fine Arts) was created as a government agency to promote the arts and was initially housed at the Museo Nacional de Artes Plásticas, the Museo del Libro and other places.
Much of the technological equipment is being updated, especially in the theatre which needs computerized lights, sound systems and other improvements.
Art Nouveau dominates the exterior, which was done by Adamo Boari, and the inside is dominated by Art Deco, which was completed by Federico Mariscal.
Since construction began in 1904, the theater (which opened in 1934) has sunk some four meters into the soft soil of Mexico City.
On the plaza front of the building, designed by Boari, there are four Pegasus sculptures which were made by Catalan Agustí Querol Subirats.
The roof covering the center of the building is made of crystal designed by Hungarian Géza Maróti and depicts the muses with Apollo.
It divides into three sections: the main hall with adjoining smaller exhibition halls, the theatre and the offices of the Insituto Nacional de Bellas Artes.
In areas of the main hall, pre-Hispanic motifs done in Art Deco style, such as serpents’ heads on window arches and Maya Chaac masks on the vertical light panels distinguish this interior from its contemporaries.
The second floor has smaller exhibition halls as well as murals by José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, Jorge González Camarena, Roberto Montenegro and Manuel Rodríguez Lozano.
At the entrance of the theatre, there are mascarons in bronze with depictions of Tlaloc, and Chaac, the Aztec and Maya deities of water, which along with the rest were designed by Gianette Fiorenzo.
This stage curtain is the only one of its type in any opera house in the world and weighs 24 tons.
The Palace has been the scene of some of the most notable events in music, dance, theatre, opera and literature and has hosted important exhibitions of painting, sculpture and photography.
Two of the best-known groups which regularly perform here are the Ballet Folklórico de México Compania Nacional de Opera de Bellas Artes and the National Symphonic Orchestra.
The first performs in the theatre twice a week and is a spectacle of pre and post Hispanic dance of Mexico.
A typical program includes Aztec ritual dances, agricultural dances from Jalisco, a fiesta in Veracruz, a wedding celebration — all accompanies by mariachis, marimba players and singers.
Regular annual events include the Premio Quorum for Mexican designers in graphic and industrial materials and the Premios Ariel for Mexican films.
Occasionally, the plaza in front of the Palace is the scene of protests such as those against the Iraq War in 2003 and against bullfighting in 2010.
The floors between the ground floor and the uppermost floor are dominated by a number of murals painted by most of the famous names of Mexican muralism.
On the 2nd floor are two early-1950s works by Rufino Tamayo: México de Hoy (Mexico Today) and Nacimiento de la Nacionalidad (Birth of Nationality), a symbolic depiction of the creation of the mestizo (person of mixed indigenous and Spanish ancestry) identity.
At the west end of the 3rd floor is El hombre controlador del universo (Man, controller of the universe- known as Man at the Crossroads), originally commissioned for New York's Rockefeller Center in 1933.
The mural depicts a variety of technological and societal themes (such as the discoveries made possible by microscopes and telescopes) and was controversial for its inclusion of Lenin and a Soviet May Day parade.
On the north side of the third floor are David Alfaro Siqueiros' three-part La Nueva Democracía (New Democracy) and Rivera's four-part Carnaval de la Vida Mexicana (Carnival of Mexican Life); to the east is José Clemente Orozco's La Katharsis (Catharsis), depicting the conflict between humankind's 'social' and 'natural' aspects.
The museum also arranges temporary exhibitions of its collections in other facilities to expose the Mexican public to the country's rich architectural heritage.
Some of the major architects featured at the museum include Jaime Ortiz Monasterio, Carlos Mijares Bracho, Adamo Boari and Luis Barragán.
It owns two national television networks, Azteca Uno and Azteca 7, and operates two other nationally distributed services, adn40 and a+.
Among them was the Instituto Mexicano de la Televisión, known as Imevisión, which owned two national television networks (Red Nacional 7 and Red Nacional 13) and three local TV stations.
In preparation for the privatization, the Imevisión stations were parceled into a variety of newly created companies, the largest of which was named Televisión Azteca, S.A. de C.V.
The new group soon took on the Televisión Azteca name for the entire operation and soon challenged Televisa, turning what had been a television monopoly into a television duopoly.
In 1998, TV Azteca announced an investment of US$25 million in XHTVM-TV, which was owned by Javier Moreno Valle through concessionaire Televisora del Valle de México, S.A. de C.V.
Under the deal, Azteca restructured TVM and took control of ad sales and most programming duties, while Moreno Valle's CNI news service retained some primetime space.
However, in 2000, Moreno Valle broke the contract with Azteca, alleging Azteca of filling up time allotted to CNI and not fulfilling the obligations in the contract.
In December 2002, Azteca used private security guards to retake control of the XHTVM facilities on Cerro del Chiquihuite in Mexico City.
In 2005, an employee strike that crippled CNI, Moreno Valle's mounting legal troubles, and a deal with the 5% owner of the concessionaire allowed Azteca to buy the remainder of the station and retake control of XHTVM, under the name Proyecto 40, in 2006.
It also owns Azteca banks, Azteca insurance, Iusacell, programing pay television, cinemas, live theater, news channels, newspapers, Azteca music, an acting school, Azteca consumer products, Azteca internet, Azteca series, Azteca sports, stadiums, etc.
TV Azteca also receives lucrative contracts from the Mexican government, and therefore the information that emits is also controlled by the actual government.
The news that is normally emitted by TV Azteca is 25% news bulletins that come from advertising, and infotainment relying on celebrities and biased editorials.
On 5 January 2005, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused TV Azteca executives (including chairman Ricardo Salinas Pliego) of having personally profited from a multimillion-dollar debt fraud committed by TV Azteca and another company in which they held stock.
The charges were among the first brought under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, introduced in the wake of the corporate financial scandals of that year.
The Federal Radio and Television Law (known as the Ley Televisa) was a bill concerning the licensing and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The LFRT was favorable to both TV Azteca and Televisa (who together control 95 percent of all television frequencies) because it allowed them to renew their licenses without paying for them.
In February 2012, TV Azteca networks (Azteca 7, Azteca 13, and Proyecto 40) were dropped by Mexican cable-TV carriers representing more than 4 million subscribers in a carriage dispute over terms.
Cable operators claimed that Azteca wanted to charge a fee by packaging its over-the-air stations with cable networks, such as news and soap opera channels, which potentially represented a higher cost to subscribers.
In August 2018, American Tower's Mexican Unit, MATC Infraestructura sued TV Azteca for $97 Million in a New York court for defaulting on a loan from the company.
TV Azteca is part of the conglomerate Grupo Salinas, which includes the Grupo Elektra franchise of department stores, the Banco Azteca bank, and Seguros Azteca life insurance.
These concepts are also important in the design of robust hash functions and pseudorandom number generators where decorrelation of the generated values is of paramount importance.
Confusion means that each binary digit (bit) of the ciphertext should depend on several parts of the key, obscuring the connections between the two.
This property makes it difficult to find the key from the ciphertext and if a single bit in a key is changed, most or all the bits in the ciphertext will be affected.
Diffusion means that if we change a single bit of the plaintext, then (statistically) half of the bits in the ciphertext should change, and similarly, if we change one bit of the ciphertext, then approximately one half of the plaintext bits should change.
Since a bit can have only two states, when they are all re-evaluated and changed from one seemingly random position to another, half of the bits will have changed state.
This will make it hard for an attacker who tries to find out the plain text and it increases the redundancy of plain text by spreading it across the rows and columns; it is achieved through transposition of algorithm and it is used by block cipher only.
To be effective, any non-uniformity of plaintext bits needs to be redistributed across much larger structures in the ciphertext, making that non-uniformity much harder to detect.
More generally, one may require that flipping a fixed set of bits should change each output bit with probability one half.
One aim of confusion is to make it very hard to find the key even if one has a large number of plaintext-ciphertext pairs produced with the same key.
Therefore, each bit of the ciphertext should depend on the entire key, and in different ways on different bits of the key.
In these systems, the plaintext and the key often have a very similar role in producing the output, hence the same mechanism ensures both diffusion and confusion.
Confusion means that the process drastically changes data from the input to the output, for example, by translating the data through a non-linear table created from the key.
We have lots of ways to reverse linear calculations, so the more non-linear it is the more analysis tools it breaks.
Good diffusion scatters those patterns widely through the output, and if there are several patterns making it through they scramble each other.
Its diffusion stage spreads every part of the input to every part of the output: changing one bit of input changes half the output bits on average.
The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Men's Basketball National Championship has been held annually since 1937 (with the exception of 1944).
The NAIA Tournament features thirty-two teams, and the entire tournament is contested at one location in one week, rather than multiple locations over a series of weekends.
The Division I tournament is played in Kansas City, Missouri, while the Division II tournament is held at the Sanford Pentagon in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
It has been held in Kansas City every year since the tournament began except from 1994-2001 when it was played in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The first two rounds will be played at 16 separate sites, with only the 16 winners at these sites advancing to Kansas City.
In 1948 the NAIA became the first national organization to open their intercollegiate postseason to black student-athletes, due primarily to the influence of Indiana State coach John Wooden.
In 1957, Tennessee State would become the first historically black college to win a national championship, and the first team to win three consecutive tournaments.
NAIA Division II Men's Basketball National Championship was most recently held at Keeter Gymnasium on the campus of College of the Ozarks in Point Lookout, Missouri near Branson, but moved in 2018 response to the College of the Ozarks's stance on the 2016 national anthem protests at athletic events.
The NAIA announced in April 2018 that it would discontinue its Division II basketball championships for both men and women after the 2019–20 season.
Knightswood is a suburban district in Glasgow, containing three areas: Knightswood North or High Knightswood, Knightswood South or Low Knightswood, and Knightswood Park.
Knightswood is directly adjoined by the Anniesland, Blairdardie, Drumchapel, Garscadden, Jordanhill, Netherton, Scotstoun, Scotstounhill and Yoker areas of Glasgow, and by Bearsden in the north.
Knightswood was a rural area of Dunbartonshire in the parish of New Kilpatrick with small-scale mining until the land was purchased for housing by the city of Glasgow and was annexed by the city in the 1920s.
In subsequent years, housing developments were built on most of the remaining free plots (including two clusters of tower blocks - eleven in total, two since demolished), but the area remains largely green in line with garden suburb principles, with the only businesses based in small or medium-sized retail units.
Knightswood features on maps by Ordnance Survey cartographer William Roy dating back to 1748-55, which show it lying within the parish of New Kilpatrick in Dumbartonshire.
The modern area is defined at its northern edge by the Forth and Clyde Canal (beyond which is Bearsden) which began construction in the 1760s and opened as the Great Canal in 1790.
Both of these settlements (with Jordanhill and Scotstoun) appear on Joan Blaeu's 1662 Atlas of Scotland, but Knightswood is not shown, either omitted or not yet of significance.
The earliest recorded settlement (1740) in the Knightswood area was known as the Red Town, a small village supporting ironstone miners and brickmakers.
Just before the First World War, Knightswood consisted of an Infectious Diseases Hospital (founded 1877) with a line of terraced cottages to the north called Knightswood Rows, a few houses on the site of Knightswood Secondary School (all that remained of Red Town), but the area was otherwise unpopulated farmland and disused mineworkings.
Much of the housing in the area was constructed in three phases during the 1920s and 1930s on garden suburb principles.
This housing was mainly of cottage flat and semi-detached types, and is similar to other parts of the city such as Mosspark in the South Side and Carntyne in the East End and used for the relocation of people from slum tenements cleared near the city centre.
Land surrounding the junction of Great Western Road and Knightswood Road was designated for the use of several church denominations, and the nearby Knightswood Park, but there were no designated industrial areas or public houses, which remained in adjacent Temple and Scotstoun/Yoker.
In 1926, the district was brought under the control of the city of Glasgow, which had purchased land outside its boundary from the Summerlee Iron Company for the building of the estate.
Knightswood, along with Jordanhill and Temple have been linked to stories of the Knights Templar; but according to the late Lord Lyon King of Arms there is no evidence for their presence in this area.
Knightswood Hospital gradually lost services to other Glasgow Hospitals from the 1960s onwards, ending up as a Geriatric Unit and finally closing in March 2000.
In 2008, Knightswood gained a new church congregation at Knightswood Cross when the Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) moved from temporary premises in Thornwood to the former Brethren Gospel Hall.
In the 2010s, concerns were raised that some of the land of Knightswood was liable to flooding in times of extreme rainfall, which had been increasingly common in recent times and was considered likely to continue; in 2019, plans were outlined to have prevention measures put in place.
The first event on 12 July 2008 was supported by Glasgow City Council, Strathclyde Fire Brigade, local churches (St David's Church of Scotland and Knightswood Baptist Church) and local clubs.
There were demonstrations of falconry and sheepdog trials (herding Indian Runner Ducks due to space restrictions), live music, live entertainment, bouncy castles, stalls promoting community groups and clubs, Baptist church and fire brigade (as 2008).
In 2010 and 2011, Trinley Brae Allotments took part in the Open Gates event as part of Glasgow's Doors Open Day.
This has developed links with the local community and other community events have taken place since the first event in September 2010.
Members are currently researching the history of the allotment site and have the worked with the city council on other community events.
Trinley Brae Allotments (between Knightswood Road and Turret Crescent) provide space for local residents to grow their own fruit, vegetables and flowers.
Children's & Youth Clubs are operated locally for school age children on Thursdays in the south of the area at the Congregational church and Fridays in the North at the Baptist Church.
In 1928, the name of the commune officially became Rueil-Malmaison in reference to its most famous tourist attraction, the Château de Malmaison, home of Napoléon's first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais.
In the Early Middle Ages Malmaison was the site of a royal residence which was destroyed by the Vikings in 846.
Upon her death in 1814, she was buried at the nearby Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church, which stands at the centre of the city.
The Guard was formed by Louis XIII in 1616 and massacred at the Tuileries on 10 August 1792 during the French Revolution.
At the end of the 19th century, Impressionist painters like Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Édouard Manet and Claude Monet came to paint the Seine River which crosses the town.
The city has also become home to many large companies moving out of La Défense business district, located only from Rueil, a trend first established by the move of Esso headquarters to Rueil.
Originally codebooks were often literally books, but today codebook is a byword for the complete record of a series of codes, regardless of physical format.
A codebook contains a lookup table for coding and decoding; each word or phrase has one or more strings which replace it.
The distribution and physical security of codebooks presents a special difficulty in the use of codes, compared to the secret information used in ciphers, the key, which is typically much shorter.
The book used in a book cipher or the book used in a running key cipher can be any book shared by sender and receiver is different from a cryptographic codebook.
For example the 29 letter Swedish alphabet begins with the basic 26 Latin letters and ends with these three letters, 'Å', 'Ä', and 'Ö'.
The character Ů (ů; a Latin U with overring, or kroužek in Czech Republic) is a grapheme in the Czech language preserved for historic reasons, which identifies a vowel shift.
The pronunciation has prevailed in some Moravian dialects, as well as in the Slovak language, which uses the letter ô instead of ů.
ů has been used in Old Lithuanian in Lithuania Minor from the 16th till the beginning of the 20th century and for a shorter time in 16th-century Lithuania Major for diphthong .
Ring upon e (e̊) is used by certain dialectologists of the Walloon language (especially ) to note the vowel typically replacing and in the Brabant province central Walloon dialects.
Many more characters can be created in Unicode using the , including the above-mentioned у̊ (Cyrillic у with overring) or ń̊ (n with acute and overring).
The underring is used in IPA to indicate voicelessness, and in Indo-European studies or in Sanskrit transliteration (IAST) to indicate syllabicity of r, l, m, n etc.
R with ring below, L with ring below, R with ring below and macron, and L with ring below and macron were actually proposed for Unicode because of their use in Sanskrit transliteration and the CSX+ Indic character set.
The ring as a diacritic mark should not be confused with the dot or diacritic marks, or with the degree sign °.
Payne then worked as a financial manager and chief disbursing officer for the Maine & New Hampshire Theaters Company, which operated 132 movie theaters in New England.
He resigned in 1942 in order to serve with the U.S. Air Force during World War II, reaching the rank of a lieutenant colonel.
In 1948, Payne was elected the 60th Governor of Maine after defeating his Democratic opponent, Biddeford mayor Louis Lausier, by a margin of 66%-34%.
During his tenure, he created a two-percent sales tax, expanded the Maine Development Commission, and began a long-range highway modernization program financed by a $27 million bond issue.
A wine bottler claimed he paid $12,000 to a Boston promotion man for the latter's supposed influence with Payne and the state liquor chairman.
He defeated incumbent Senator Owen Brewster in the Republican primary, and went on to defeat Democrat Roger P. Dube in the general election.
During the late 1950s, after a series of lurid magazine articles and Hollywood films helped to sensationalize youth gangs and violence, Payne supported legislation to ban automatic-opening or switchblade knives.
Senator Payne and other congressmen supporting the Switchblade Knife Act believed that by stopping the importation and interstate sales of automatic knives (effectively halting sales of new switchblades), the law would reduce youth gang violence by blocking access to what had become a symbolic weapon.
However, while switchblade imports, domestic production, and sales to lawful owners soon ended, later legislative research demonstrated that youth gang violence rates had in fact rapidly increased, as gang members turned to firearms instead of knives.
As a young man, in 1243 he was taken into the Teutonic Order custody as a hostage, part of the ceasefire agreement between his father and the Order, but the Order did not keep their part of this agreement and failed to return Mestwin II who was held by them until 1248 (for some time in the Order castle in Austria) when finally released.
Most likely upon returning from Teutonic Order captivity his father made Mestwin II the Duke of Świecie (Schwetz) province circa 1250, and upon his father's death he began his challenge against his younger brother for Gdańsk (Danzig) in 1266, starting the so-called Pomerelian Civil War that lasted until 1273.
He fought his younger brother and uncles until he emerged victorious and finally became the principal Pomerelia prince and sole ruler in 1273.
He united all the lands of Pomerelia (after the death of his uncles, Sambor II, prince of Lubiszewo (Lübschau) and Racibor Białogardzki, prince of Białogarda.
In 1269, while searching for allies, Mestwin II entered into an alliance with expanding at the cost of Slavic lands and ever aggressive Brandenburg margraves, Treaty of Choszczno, and most likely in return for military and financial help he gave oath of fealty and paid homage over a couple Pomeralian towns (Świecie and Białogard) to these dukes.
Mestwin's brother Wratislaw II of Pomerania, principal Pomerelian duke and ruler of Gdańsk (Danzig), was forced out of his duchy by Mestwin II and most likely his new ally in 1271.
This action resulted in Wratislaw II and Sambor II military action against Mestwin II, and his own knights and nobles rebelled against him.
Surrounded by adversity and even taken prisoner (for a short time in 1270) Mestwin II gave the possession of Gdansk to the Brandenburg duke Conrad who was holding the city of Gdansk until Mestwin II forced them to resign from their possession of the city by use of force in 1273, having been strengthened by new alliance with his maternal cousin Bolesław Pobożny, the duke of Great Poland.
Defeated Wartislaw II found refuge with Ziemomysł of Kuyavia, the duke of Inowrocław and sought assistance from the Order, but he died unexpectedly in Wyszogród in 1271.
The remaining male relatives of Mestwin II, his uncles Sambor II and Racibor, allied with the Order and various Piast princes, lost their possession within the Pomerelia due to Mestwin II actions against them, and also sought refuge with the Order and their daughters in Kujawy (Sambor) and Śląsk (Racibor).
As a result of the Order actions he was forced to give his castles and villages on the right bank of Vistula to them, and also the important left bank Pomerelian stronghold of Gniew, willed to the Order by his uncle Sambor II, a claim Mestwin II recognized under duress and Papal mediation in 1282.
Mestwin II and Przemysl II, new duke of Greater Poland and future king of Poland, concluded the Treaty of Kępno in 1282 that was at first kept secret.
The treaty, confirmed by magnates and nobles of both duchies, made both Mestwin and Przemysł II either a successor per donatio inter vivos or successor in all his possessions.
It seems that the treaty of Kępno in fact unified Pomerelia and Greater Poland, starting the long process of reunification of Polish principalities by the Piast dynasts.
During the life of Mestwin II nobles and magnates of Greater Poland received grants and appointments to Pomerelian offices and estates.
In 1287 both princes entered into another successor treaty in Słupsk, and there they included in their succession treaty another Western Slavic prince, Bogusław IV of Szczecin (Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania).
These treaties resulted directly from aggressive policies of March of Brandenburg and the Teutonic Order against the territories of these Slavic duchies and provinces.
First came princess Judith, daughter of Ditrich I duke of Brenna i Wettin, who died before 1275, then he married Piast princess Euphrosyne of Opole circa 1275 and they divorced in 1288, and finally married rather unknown Sulisława who died in 1292.
His own sarcophagus did not survive, most likely having been destroyed when the army of Gdańsk burned down the abbey during their rebellious war against king Stephen Báthory in 1577.
However, the cumulative sepulcher of the Samboride dynasty still remains, founded in 1615 by one of the Oliwa abbots, Dawid Konarski.
It consists of 91 hexagonal mirror segments each with a 1-metre inscribed diameter, resulting in a total hexagonal mirror of 11.1 m by 9.8 m. It is located close to the town of Sutherland in the semi-desert region of the Karoo, South Africa.
It is closely based on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory, with some changes in its design, especially to the spherical aberration corrector.
First light with the full mirror was declared on 1 September 2005, with 1 arc second resolution images of globular cluster 47 Tucanae, open cluster NGC 6152, spiral galaxy NGC 6744, and the Lagoon Nebula being obtained.
South Africa contributed about a third of the total of US$36 million that will finance SALT for its first 10 years (US$20 million for the construction of the telescope, US$6 million for instruments, US$10 million for operations).
SALT is located on a hilltop 1837m above sea level in a nature reserve in the Hantam, Karroo north-east of Cape Town, near the small town of Sutherland.
SALT will probe quasars and enable scientists to view stars and galaxies a billion times too faint to be seen by the naked eye.
Similar to the Keck Telescopes, the primary mirror is composed of an array of mirrors designed to act as a single larger mirror; however, the SALT mirrors produce a spherical primary, rather than the paraboloid shape associated with a classical Cassegrain telescope.
Each SALT mirror is a 1-meter hexagon, and the array of 91 identical mirrors produces a hexagonal-shaped primary 11 x 9.8 meters in size.
To compensate for the spherical primary, the telescope has a four-mirror spherical aberration corrector (SAC) that provides a corrected, flat focal plane with a field of view of 8 arcminutes at prime focus.
Each of the 91 mirrors is made of low-expansion Sitall glass and can be adjusted in tip, tilt and piston in order to properly align them so as to act as a single mirror.
Because the mirror is spherical, light emitted from a position corresponding to the center of curvature of the mirror will be reflected and refocused to the same position.
Therefore, the telescope employs a Center of Curvature Alignment Sensor (CCAS) situated at the top of a tall tower adjacent to the dome.
Although this results in only a limited observing window per target, it greatly simplifies the primary mirror mount, when compared to a fully steerable telescope, transferring the complexity to the smaller and lighter payload tracking system, providing for an overall reduction in total telescope construction cost.
SALT has a fixed zenith angle of 37 degrees, optimised for the Magellanic clouds, but because of the full range of azimuths and the celestial rotation, SALT has access to a good fraction of the sky available at the Sutherland site.
The first generation instrumentation for SALT includes the SALT Imaging Camera (SALTICAM), designed and built by the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO); the Robert Stobie Spectrograph (RSS) (née Prime Focus Imaging Spectrograph), a multi-purpose long-slit and multi-object imaging spectrograph and spectropolarimeter, designed and built by the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Rutgers University, and the SAAO; and a fiber-fed High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS), designed by the University of Canterbury (New Zealand).
The telescope is connected to the SAAO site in Cape Town via a 1 Gbit/s fibre connection over the SANREN network.
The SAAO has a 1 Gbit/s connection to the SANREN network with 30 Mbit/s of that link being the international portion.
David Buckley, Gerald Cecil, Brian Chaboyer, Richard Griffiths, Janusz Kałużny, Michael Albrow, Karen Pollard, Kenneth Nordsieck, Darragh O'Donoghue, Larry Ramsey, Anne Sansom, Pat Cote.
As a result, astronomers can study rapidly changing properties of compact stars, primarily as they pull in gas from their companion stars or surroundings.
The gravitational field of a compact star commonly pulls in gas from a companion star, thus radiation (especially X-ray) is emitted.
Studies using SALT concluded that these polar binary star systems take only an hour and a half to complete an orbit.
More research using SALT has aided astronomers to investigate the structure and evolution of our galaxy, such as quasars, Magellanic clouds, the galactic structure and stellar astrophysics.
This also marked the debut of the fully operating SALTICAM, which is a $600,000 digital camera designed and built for SALT.
First light with the full mirror was declared on 1 September 2005 with 1 arc second resolution images of globular cluster 47 Tucanae, open cluster NGC 6152, spiral galaxy NGC 6744, and the Lagoon Nebula being obtained.
Despite initial estimates by SAAO that SALT would bring up to 30,000 tourists to Sutherland, the telescope has so far only resulted in about 14,000 annual visitors, which has nevertheless resulted in the creation of at least 300 jobs in the town of 5,000.
Measuring about 108–167 kilometres in diameter, it was discovered in 1992 by David C. Jewitt and Jane X. Luu at the Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii.
As of January 2018, over 2,400 further objects have been found beyond Neptune, a majority of which are classical Kuiper belt objects.
The next year in 1993, objects in similar orbits were found including (15788) 1993 SB, (15789) 1993 SC, (181708) 1993 FW, and (385185) 1993 RO.
Over one thousand bodies were found the Kuiper belt between orbiting between about 30-50 AU from the Sun in the twenty years (1992-2012), after finding 1992 QB1 (named in 2018, 15760 Albion), showing a vast belt of bodies more than just Pluto and Albion.
In most insects, the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn are the two higher brain regions that receive olfactory information from the antennal lobe via projection neurons.
Studies of fruit fly mushroom bodies have been particularly important for understanding the genetic basis of mushroom body functioning, since their genome has been sequenced and a vast number of tools to manipulate their gene expression exist.
They are mainly composed of the long, densely packed nerve fibres of the Kenyon cells, the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies.
These cells have been found in the mushroom bodies of all species that have been investigated, though their number varies; for example fruit flies have around 2,500 whereas cockroaches have about 200,000.
In Hymenoptera in particular, subregions of the mushroom body neuropil are specialized to receive olfactory, visual, or both types of sensory input.
In ants, several layers can be discriminated that correspond to different clusters of glomeruli in the antennal lobes, perhaps corresponding to different classes of odors.
There are two main groups of projection neurons that divide the antennal lobe into two main regions, an anterior and a posterior.
Projection neuron groups are segregated innervating glomeruli groups separately and sending axons by separate routes, either through the medial-antenno protocerebral tract (m-APT) or through the lateral-anteno protocerebral tract (l-APT), and connecting with two layers in the calyx of the mushroom bodies.
In these layers is represented topographically the organization of the two efferent regions of the antennal lobe, establishing a coarse odotopic map of the antennal lobe in the region of the lip of the mushroom bodies.
Mushroom bodies are known to be involved in learning and memory, particularly for smell, and thus are the subject of current intense research.
In larger insects, studies suggest that mushroom bodies have other learning and memory functions, like associative memory, sensory filtering, motor control, and place memory.
Research implies that mushroom bodies generally act as a sort of coincidence detector, integrating multimodal inputs and creating novel associations, thus illuminating their role in learning and memory.
Information about odors may be encoded in the mushroom body by the identities of the responsive neurons as well as the timing of their spikes.
Experiments in locusts have shown that Kenyon cells have their activity synchronized to 20-Hz neural oscillations and are particularly responsive to projection neuron spikes at specific phases of the oscillatory cycle.
The mushroom body is also able to combine information from the internal state of the body and the olfactory input to determine innate behavior.
There are three specific classes of neurons that make up the mushroom body lobes: α/β, α’/β’, and γ neurons, which all have distinct gene expression.
A topic of current research is which of these substructures in the mushroom body are involved in each phase and process of learning and memory.
Typically, olfactory learning assays consist of exposing flies to two odors separately; one is paired with electric shock pulses (the conditioned stimulus, or CS+), and the second is not (unconditioned stimulus, or US).
After this training period, flies are placed in a T-maze with the two odors placed individually on either end of the horizontal ‘T’ arms.
Immediately after conditioning, an additional set of projection neurons in a set of eight glomeruli in the AL becomes synaptically activated by the conditioned odor, and lasts for only 7 minutes.
A second trace is detectable by GCaMP expression, and thus an increase in Ca influx, in the α’/β’ axons of the mushroom body neurons.
The third memory trace is the reduction of activity of the anterior-paired lateral neuron, which acts as a memory formation suppressor through one of its inhibitory GABAergic receptors.
Decrease in calcium response of APL neurons and subsequent decrease in GABA release onto the mushroom bodies persisted up to 5 minutes after odor conditioning.
An increase in calcium influx and synaptic release that innervates the mushroom bodies becomes detectable approximately 30 minutes after pairing of electric shock with an odor, and persists for at least an hour.
Both long-term memory traces that have been mapped depend on activity and protein synthesis of CREB and CaMKII, and only exist after spaced conditioning.
The first trace is detected in α/β neurons between 9 and 24 hours after conditioning, and is characterized by an increase in calcium influx in response to the conditioned odor.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP or cyclic AMP) is a second messenger that has been implicated in facilitating mushroom body calcium influx in Drosophila melanogaster mushroom body neurons.
Dopamine and octopamine are released by mushroom body interneurons, while odors directly activate neurons in the olfactory pathway, causing calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels.
In a classical conditioning paradigm, pairing neuronal depolarization (via acetylcholine application to represent the odor or CS) with subsequent dopamine application (to represent the shock or US), results in a synergistic increase in cAMP in the mushroom body lobes.
This synergistic effect was originally observed in Aplysia, where pairing calcium influx with activation of G protein signaling by serotonin generates a similar synergistic increase in cAMP.
Additionally, this synergistic increase in cAMP is mediated by and dependent on rutabaga adenylyl cyclase (rut AC), which is sensitive to both calcium (which results from voltage-gated calcium channel opening by odors) and G protein stimulation (caused by dopamine).
While a forward pairing of neuronal depolarization and dopamine, (acetylcholine followed by dopamine) results in a synergistic increase in cAMP, a forward pairing of neuronal depolarization and octopamine produces a sub-additive effect on cAMP.
More specifically, this means that this pairing produces significantly less cAMP than the sum of each stimulus individually in the lobes.
Therefore, rut AC in mushroom body neurons works as a coincidence detector with dopamine and octopamine functioning bidirectionally to affect cAMP levels.
Acetylcholine, which represents the conditioned stimulus, leads to a strong increase in PKA activation compared to stimulation with dopamine or octopamine alone.
The specificity of activation of the alpha lobe in the presence of dopamine is maintained when dopamine is in combination with acetylcholine.
He holds the record for most wins in league history, with 1,248 wins in the regular season and 223 in the Stanley Cup playoffs and ranks 2nd all time (behind Jean Béliveau's seventeen) for most Stanley Cup victories by a player, coach or executive with fourteen.
He is currently the Senior Advisor of Hockey Operations for the Chicago Blackhawks (his son, Stan, is the team's general manager).
As head coach, Bowman has won a record nine Stanley Cup championships; five with the Canadiens (1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979), one with the Penguins (1992) and three with the Red Wings (1997, 1998, and 2002).
He was director of player development for the 1991 Penguins, Consultant with the 2008 Detroit Red Wings, and Senior Advisor of Hockey Operations for the 2010, 2013, and 2015 Chicago Blackhawks.
His teams also made it to the Stanley Cup Finals a record 13 times and the semi-finals a record 16 times.
Soon thereafter, he moved into a coaching job with the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League (OHA), the Montreal Canadiens' junior farm team.
Bowman moved into the NHL in 1967 when he joined the expansion St. Louis Blues as an assistant coach under general manager/coach Lynn Patrick.
Bowman remained in St. Louis until the end of the 1970–71 season, but left due to a dispute with team ownership.
Though the Canadiens were the defending champions, Al MacNeil had been sacked as head coach due to accusations of favoritism toward the team's anglophone players.
The Canadiens would make the playoffs over the next two seasons but lost in the first and third rounds, as the rival Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup.
From 1976 to 1979, Bowman won four consecutive Stanley Cups with a talented Canadiens squad that included Guy Lafleur, Steve Shutt, Larry Robinson and Ken Dryden.
The reason for the falling-out was the team's decision to pass him over as the new General Manager of the club in 1978 after Sam Pollock's retirement, as they hired Irving Grundman instead.
Bowman and General Manager Sam Pollock not only presided over a Canadiens dynasty, but many of their players went on to have successful coaching and managing roles with their own teams.
While the Sabres remained competitive for much of his tenure, he was unable to build them into anything approaching the powerhouses he'd coached in Montreal.
He became the Director of Player Personnel of the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1990 and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1991 as a builder.
In the summer, Bob Johnson, who had just won the Stanley Cup with the Penguins, was diagnosed with brain cancer and Bowman took over as head coach.
In the playoffs, the Penguins were upset in seven games in the Patrick Division finals by the New York Islanders coached by Al Arbour, a former Bowman player with the Blues.
However, he indicated that he was not interested in their initial offer, which was not disclosed to the public, so they rescinded it.
In 1993–94, Bowman became coach of the Red Wings, and led them to a first-place finish in the Western Conference, but his Red Wings were ousted in the first round by the young San Jose Sharks.
According to an apocryphal story, Bowman had difficulty in the maze-like tunnels of the San Jose Arena, eventually having to be rescued after getting lost and twice locking himself into rooms.
In 1995, the Red Wings made it to the Stanley Cup Finals, their first finals appearance in 29 years, but were swept by the New Jersey Devils in four straight.
In the 1997 playoffs, Bowman led the team to its first Stanley Cup in 42 years by sweeping the Philadelphia Flyers 4–0.
In 1999 and 2000, they lost to the Colorado Avalanche in the Western Semi-Finals, and in 2001 they were eliminated by the Los Angeles Kings in the first round.
Bowman decided in February 2002 that he would retire at the end of the season and he went out as a winner as his Red Wings won the Stanley Cup by defeating the Carolina Hurricanes 4 games to 1.
During the presentation of the Cup on the ice, Bowman put on an old pair of skates so he could take a lap with the Cup.
In the 1976 Canada Cup his team won gold over Czechoslovakia and silver in the 1981 Canada Cup against the Soviet Union.
In July 2008, he took a position as senior advisor of hockey operations for the Chicago Blackhawks to work alongside his son Stan Bowman, who is the general manager.
The Blackhawks' Stanley Cup victory in 2010 gave Bowman his 12th Stanley Cup including coaching and team management, and the Blackhawks' 2013, and 2015 Stanley Cup victories were Bowman's 13th and 14th respectively.
On February 8, 2017, it was announced that Bowman would receive Order of Hockey in Canada award in a ceremony on June 19.
As of January 2018 Bowman is living in Sarasota, Florida, attending all of the Tampa Bay Lightning home games in his role as the Senior Advisor of Hockey Operations for the Chicago Blackhawks, managed by his son Stan Bowman.
He was born in Zaragoza, Spain in 1240 and is assumed to have died sometime after 1291, following a stay on the small and windswept island of Comino, the smallest of the three inhabited islands that make up the Maltese archipelago.
Very early in life he was taken by his parents to Tudela, Navarre, where his aged father Samuel Abulafia instructed him in the Hebrew Bible and Talmud.
In 1258, when Abraham was eighteen years old, his father died, and two years later Abraham began a life of ceaseless wandering.
His first journey in 1260 was to the Land of Israel, where he intended to begin a search for the legendary river Sambation and the Ten Lost Tribes.
He got no further than 'Akko, however, because of the desolation and lawlessness in the Holy Land stemming from the chaos following the last Crusades; the war that year between the Mongol Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate forced his return to Europe, via Greece.
Although he always held Maimonides in the highest esteem, and often made use of sentences from his writings, he was as little satisfied with his philosophy as with any other branch of knowledge which he acquired.
He wrote industriously on Kabbalistic, philosophical, and grammatical subjects, and succeeded in surrounding himself with numerous pupils, to whom he imparted much of his own enthusiasm.
On his return to Spain he became subject to visions, and at the age of thirty-one, at Barcelona, began to study a particular kind of Kabbalah whose most important representative was Barukh Togarmi, and received a revelation with messianic overtones.
This book, and particularly the commentary and method of the German Jewish mystic, Eleazar of Worms, exercised a deep influence upon him, and had the effect of greatly increasing his mystical bent.
Letters of the alphabet, numerals, vowel-points, all became symbols of existence to him, and their combinations and permutations, supplementing and explaining one another, possessed for him an illumining power most effectively to be disclosed in a deeper study of the divine names, and especially of the consonants of the Tetragrammaton.
He soon left for Castile, where he disseminated his prophetic Kabbalah among figures like R. Moses of Burgos and his most important disciple, Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla.
He went to Rome in 1280 in order to convert Pope Nicholas III to Judaism on the day before Rosh Hashanah.
The stake was erected in preparation close to the inner gate; but Abulafia set out for Suriano all the same and reached there August 22.
While passing through the outer gate, he heard that the Pope had died from an apoplectic stroke during the preceding night.
He returned to Rome, where he was thrown into prison by the Order of Friars Minor but was liberated after four weeks' detention.
The local Jewish congregation in Palermo energetically condemned Abulafia's conduct, and around 1285 they addressed the issue to Shlomo ben Aderet of Barcelona, who devoted much of his career to calming the various messianic hysteriae of the day.
Abulafia’s literary activity spans the years 1271–1291 and consists of several books, treatises on grammar, and poems, but amongst which only thirty survive.
The spiritualized understanding of the concepts of messianism and redemption as an intellectual development represents a major contribution of the messianic ideas in Judaism.
As part of his messianic propensity, Abulafia become an intense disseminator of his Kabbalah, orally and in written form, trying to convince both Jews and Christians.
In his later writings, the founder of prophetic Kabbalah produces a synthesis between Maimonides' Neoaristotelian understanding of prophecy as the result of the transformation of the intellectual influx into a linguistic message and techniques to reach such experiences by means of combinations of letters and their pronunciation, breathing exercises, contemplation of parts of the body, movements of the head and hands, and concentration exercises.
Much less concerned with the theosophy of his contemporary kabbalists, who were interested in theories of ten hypostatic sefirot, some of which he described as worse than the Christian belief in the trinity, Abulafia depicted the supernal realm, especially the cosmic Agent Intellect, in linguistic terms, as speech and letters.
Abulafia developed a sophisticated theory of language, which assumes that Hebrew represents not so much the language as written or spoken as the principles of all languages, namely the ideal sounds and the combinations between them.
Abulafia's Kabbalah inspired a series of writings which can be described as part of his prophetic Kabbalah, namely, as striving to attain extreme forms of mystical experiences.
Extant in many manuscripts, Abulafia's writings were not printed by kabbalists, most of whom banned his brand of Kabbalah, and only by chance introduced in their writings a few short and anonymous fragments.
Adolf Jellinek refuted this attribution and compiled the first comprehensive list of Abulafia's writings, publishing three of Abulafia's shorter treatises (two epistles, printed in 1853/4, and Sefer ha-Ot in 1887), while Amnon Gross published 13 volumes, which include most of Abulafia's books and those of his students' books (Jerusalem, 1999–2004).
Major contributions to the analysis of Abulafia's thought and that of his school have been made by Gershom Scholem, Chaim Wirszubski, Moshe Idel, and Elliot R. Wolfson.
Some of Abulafia's treatises were translated into Latin and Italian in the circle of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, mostly by Flavius Mithridates, and Pico’s vision of Kabbalah was significantly influenced by his views.
In his numerous works Abulafia focuses on complex devices for uniting with the Agent Intellect, or God, through the recitation of divine names, together with breathing techniques and cathartic practices.
Taking as his framework the metaphysical and psychological system of Moses Maimonides (1135/8–1204), Abulafia strove for spiritual experience, which he viewed as a prophetic state similar to or even identical with that of the ancient Jewish prophets.
His intention is not to relax the consciousness by meditation, but to purify it via a high level of concentration which requires doing many actions at the same time.
The first is an experience of body-photism or illumination, in which light not only surrounds the body but also diffuses into it, giving impression that the body and its organs have become light.
As the ecstatic Kabbalist continues to practice, combining letters and performing physiological maneuvers, the result is the second experience: weakening of the body, in an ‘absorptive’ manner.
This feeling is a result of sensing another ‘spirit’ within his body, as he describes in Otzar Eden Ganuz: ‘And you shall feel another spirit awakening within yourself and strengthening you and passing over your entire body and giving you pleasure’ (Oxford Ms. 1580 fols.
Only after passing these successive experiences does the mystic reach his goal: the vision of a human form, which is closely linked to his own physical appearance and generally experienced as standing in front of the mystic.
As the dialog between the mystic and the ‘form’ proceeds, the reader understands that the ‘form’ is the image of the mystic himself.
And when the man had seen my great fear and my strong awe, he opened his mouth and he spoke, and he opened my mouth to speak, and I answered him according to his words, and in my words I became another man (pp.
Abulafia's subterranean influence is evident in the large number of manuscripts of his major meditation manuals that flourished down to the present day until all his works were finally published in Mea Shearim in Jerusalem during the 1990s.
Abulafia’s prophetic and messianic pretensions prompted a sharp reaction on the part of Shelomoh ben Avraham Adret, a famous legal authority who succeeded in annihilating the influence of Abulafia’s ecstatic Kabbalah in Spain.
Clear traces of Abulafian doctrine are evident in the works of Isaac ben Samuel of Acre, Yehudah Albotini and Hayyim ben Joseph Vital.
In Israel, Abulafia’s ideas were combined with Sufi elements, apparently stemming from the school of Ibn Arabi; thus Sufi views were introduced into European Kabbalah.
After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, Spanish theurgical Kabbalah, which had developed without any significant impact from ecstatic Kabbalah, was integrated with the latter; this combination became, through the book Pardes Rimmonim by Mosheh Cordovero, part of mainstream Kabbalah.
Hayyim Vital brought Abulafian views into the fourth unpublished part of his Shaarei Kedushah, and the eighteenth-century qabalists of the Beit El Academy in Jerusalem perused Abulafia’s mystical manuals.
The influence of ecstatic Kabbalah is to be seen in isolated groups today, and traces of it can be found in modern literature (e.g., the poetry of Yvan Goll), mainly since the publication of Gershom Scholem’s researches.
Aeolian or Eolian refers to things related to Aeolus, the Greek God of wind and patriarch of the Greeks of Aeolia.
Polymer degradation is a change in the properties—tensile strength, color, shape, etc.—of a polymer or polymer-based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals such as acids, alkalis and some salts.
These changes are usually undesirable, such as cracking and chemical disintegration of products or, more rarely, desirable, as in biodegradation, or deliberately lowering the molecular weight of a polymer for recycling.
Polymeric molecules are very large (on the molecular scale), and their unique and useful properties are mainly a result of their size.
Today there are primarily seven commodity polymers in use: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE), polystyrene, polycarbonate, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (Plexiglas).
Polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) are sensitive to oxidation and UV radiation, while PVC may discolor at high temperatures due to loss of hydrogen chloride gas, and become very brittle.
When this polymer is heated above 450 Celsius it becomes a complex mixture of molecules of various sizes that resemble gasoline.
Other polymers—like polyalphamethylstyrene—undergo 'specific' chain scission with breakage occurring only at the ends; they literally unzip or depolymerize to become the constituent monomers.
Electromagnetic waves with the energy of visible light or higher, such as ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays are usually involved in such reactions.
Step-growth polymers like polyesters, polyamides and polycarbonates can be degraded by solvolysis and mainly hydrolysis to give lower molecular weight molecules.
For example, the fracture surface of a fuel connector showed the progressive growth of the crack from acid attack (Ch) to the final cusp (C) of polymer.
Tiny traces of the gas in the air will attack double bonds in rubber chains, with Natural rubber, polybutadiene, Styrene-butadiene rubber and NBR being most sensitive to degradation.
The cracks are always oriented at right angles to the strain axis, so will form around the circumference in a rubber tube bent over.
Such cracks are dangerous when they occur in fuel pipes because the cracks will grow from the outside exposed surfaces into the bore of the pipe, and fuel leakage and fire may follow.
Many process methods such as extrusion and injection moulding involve pumping molten polymer into tools, and the high temperatures needed for melting may result in oxidation unless precautions are taken.
The crutch had fractured across a polypropylene insert within the aluminium tube of the device, and infra-red spectroscopy of the material showed that it had oxidized, possible as a result of poor moulding.
Oxidation is usually relatively easy to detect owing to the strong absorption by the carbonyl group in the spectrum of polyolefins.
Oxidation tends to start at tertiary carbon atoms because the free radicals formed here are more stable and longer lasting, making them more susceptible to attack by oxygen.
The carbonyl group can be further oxidised to break the chain, this weakens the material by lowering its molecular weight, and cracks start to grow in the regions affected.
In the aerospace field, this finding has largely contributed to aircraft safety, mainly those aircraft that use CFRP and has resulted in a wide body of follow-up research and patents.
Normally, when two dissimilar metals such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are put into contact and then immersed in salt water, the iron will undergo corrosion, or rust.
This is called a galvanic circuit where the copper is the noble metal and the iron is the active metal, i.e., the copper is the positive (+) electrode and the iron is the negative (-) electrode.
It follows that plastics are made stronger by impregnating them with thin carbon fibers only a few micrometers in diameter known as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP).
However, in early 1990, it was reported that imide-linked resins in CFRP composites degrade when bare composite is coupled with an active metal in salt water environments.
This is because corrosion not only occurs at the aluminum anode, but also at the carbon fiber cathode in the form of a very strong base with a pH of about 13.
There have been many examples of such pipes and acetal fittings failing in properties in the US as a result of chlorine-induced cracking.
In essence, the gas attacks sensitive parts of the chain molecules (especially secondary, tertiary, or allylic carbon atoms), oxidizing the chains and ultimately causing chain cleavage.
The root cause is traces of chlorine in the water supply, added for its anti-bacterial action, attack occurring even at parts per million traces of the dissolved gas.
The chlorine attacks weak parts of a product, and in the case of an acetal resin junction in a water supply system, it is the thread roots that were attacked first, causing a brittle crack to grow.
Discoloration on the fracture surface was caused by deposition of carbonates from the hard water supply, so the joint had been in a critical state for many months.
The problems in the US also occurred to polybutylene pipework, and led to the material being removed from that market, although it is still used elsewhere in the world.
To degrade properly biodegradable polymers need to be treated like compost and not just left in a landfill site where degradation is very difficult due to the lack of oxygen and moisture.
Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) stabilize against weathering by scavenging free radicals that are produced by photo-oxidation of the polymer matrix.
Under his leadership, the company became one of the world's largest suppliers of sensors for aeronautic, automotive, and industrial applications supplying General Electric and the Ford Motor Company.
The Foundation's mission is implemented through an international program of research institutes, professorships, and symposia in the scientific fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, neuroscience, and theoretical physics.
Three days after he received his engineering degree from the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim he left for America on the .
Having no job or sponsor waiting for him, his visa application was initially rejected, and so in 1955 he immigrated to Montreal, Quebec, Canada instead.
Under his leadership, the company became one of the world's largest suppliers of sensors for aeronautic, automotive, and industrial applications supplying amongst others General Electric and the Ford Motor Company.
In 2000, he sold Kavlico for $345 million to C-Mac Industries Inc. Kavlico is today owned by the French company Schneider Electric.
As a philanthropist, Kavli subsequently established The Kavli Foundation and dedicated much of his wealth to funding research institutions and programs worldwide.
On June 19, 2006, he was appointed Grand Officer, Commander with Star, of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit by King Harald V of Norway in recognition of his work on behalf of Norway and humanity.
In 2008, he was also awarded an honorary doctorate, Doctor Honoris Causa, by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, in recognition of his work to the benefit and advancement of science and research.
He was also a former member of the U.S. President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, and former member of the University of California President's Board on Science and Innovation.
In 2011, he received the Bower Award for Business Leadership from the Franklin Institute, one of the oldest science education centers in the United States, and the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy, which is given biennially to one or more individuals who, like Andrew Carnegie, have dedicated their private wealth to public good, and who have sustained impressive careers as philanthropists.
A Trustee of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Foundation, in addition to supporting scientific research and education, his philanthropic activities include the Fred Kavli Theatre for Performing Arts at the Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza, California, as well as other projects.
On November 21, 2013, Kavli died at his Santa Barbara, California home after surgery for cholangiocarcinoma, a rare form of cancer.
The Kavli Prizes are presented in cooperation with the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and have been awarded biennially at a ceremony in Oslo since 2008.
These committee members are recommended by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the Max Planck Society, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society, with committee chairs chosen by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
The first Kavli Prize winners were announced on May 28, 2008, simultaneously in Oslo and at the opening of the World Science Festival in New York City.
Louis E. Brus and Sumio Iijima shared the nanoscience prize, while Pasko Rakic, Thomas Jessell and Sten Grillner were awarded the neuroscience prize.
The four US winners of the Kavli Prize were honored by President George W. Bush and Science Advisor, Dr. John Marburger, at an Oval Office reception in the White House on November 12, 2008.
The Kavli Foundation, based in Oxnard, California, is dedicated to the goals of advancing science for the benefit of humanity and to promote public understanding and support for scientists and their work.
It was established in 2000 by Mr. Kavli and is actively involved in establishing major research institutes at leading universities and institutions in the United States, Europe and Asia.
These institutions are the beneficiaries of the Kavli Foundation to date, and the list is bound to grow in the future.
In addition to the Kavli Institutes, six Kavli professorships have been established: two at the University of California Santa Barbara, one at the University of California Los Angeles, one at the University of California Irvine, one at Columbia University, and one at the California Institute of Technology.
The institutes are not required to focus on any specific subject but are free to do any basic research they see fit.
Seven researchers associated with the Kavli institutes have been awarded Nobel prizes: David Gross, Frank Wilczek, Richard Axel, Eric Kandel, Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and Rainer Weiss.
As of March 2008, there are 15 institutes in the United States, 2 in China, 1 in the Netherlands, 1 in Norway and 1 in the United Kingdom.
The curiosity of the human being is what has brought us where we are today, and I have complete confidence that it will take us where we need to be in the future.
Born in Montclair, New Jersey, Atkins was a graduate of Appleby College in Oakville and of Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where he completed the Bachelor of Arts program in 1957.
Atkins was a leading figure in advertising and a senior Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario and Progressive Conservative Party of Canada strategist.
In the 1980s, he was a strategist for the federal Conservatives, led by Brian Mulroney, who recommended him to Governor General Jeanne Sauvé for appointment to the Senate in 1986.
Atkins opposed the merger of the Progressive Conservative Party with the Canadian Alliance, and refused to join the product of that merger, the Conservative Party of Canada.
He was elected with the support of defiant Liberal senators after moderate Conservative Senator Michael Meighen resigned his position at the direction of the Prime Minister's Office who reportedly wished to install a more ideologically conservative co-chair.
He moved to United States in the fifties to join in a world tour with the Afroamerican dancer Katherine Dunham and her Dance Company.
Julito Collazo is one of a handful of Cuban percussionists who came to the United States in the 1940s and 1950s.
In the United States Collazo rose to prominence recording and performing with Tito Puente, Eddie Palmieri, Mongo Santamaría, Silvestre Méndez, Dizzy Gillespie and Machito, among others.
These collaborations were magisterial and provide motivation and feedback for researchers, and assure the relevance of the research to the goal of improving the performance of batá drums.
Mestwin was a member of the Samborides dynasty, the son of Duke Sobiesław of Gdańsk and younger brother of Sambor I, whom he succeeded in Pomerelia by appointment of the Polish High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks.
He was married to Swinisława (d. 1240), maybe a daughter of Polish High Duke Mieszko III the Old, formerly also referred to as a daughter of Duke Ratibor I of Pomerania.
Timex Group USA, Inc. (formerly known as Timex Corporation) is an American manufacturing company founded in 1854 as the Waterbury Clock Company in Waterbury, Connecticut.
Its successor today is Timex Group USA, Inc. which is the only remaining watch company in the region, although Breitling has offices in nearby Wilton.
During the turn of the century, Waterbury Clock Company produced millions of pocket watches for the Robert H. Ingersoll & Bro.
In 1877, a new prototype was introduced to Benedict and Burnham for an inexpensive pocket watch made of 58 parts, mostly punched sheet brass.
The department quickly outgrew its space in the plant, so Benedict & Burnham incorporated Waterbury Clock's sister company Waterbury Watch Company in 1880 with a capital of $400,000 to manufacture and sell inexpensive watches and other timepieces.
In a last attempt to salvage the company, Waterbury Watch began to produce higher-end watch models which only created more demand on a workforce unable to keep up with the complexity of the new watches using several hundred parts.
The company was finally reorganized as the New England Watch Company in 1898, as its London sales office was placed into liquidation.
World War I brought new demands for timepiece design; artillery gunners, for example, needed an easy way to calculate and read time while still being able to work the guns.
They added lugs for a canvas strap, repositioned the crown to 3 o'clock, and made the hands and numbers luminescent for nighttime readability, thus producing one of the first wristwatches.
However, Waterbury Clock was unable to deliver on Ingersoll's guarantee of quality in Europe due to the Great Depression, so they sold the London-based Ingersoll, Ltd. to its board of directors in 1930, making it a wholly British-owned enterprise.
The Ingersoll brand name was continued in the United States by Waterbury Clock into the 1950s, while Ingersoll Ltd. produced the Ingersoll watch brand independently for the European and other markets.
They reached a license agreement with Walt Disney in 1930 to produce the famous Mickey Mouse watches and clocks under the Ingersoll brand name.
They introduced the Mickey Mouse timepieces to the public at the Chicago World's Fair in June 1933, and they quickly became the company's first million-dollar line, saving it from financial disaster.
Olsen Shipping Co., and he fled Norway in 1940 together with Joakim Lehmkuhl and their families because of the Nazi invasion.
Olson appointed Lehmkuhl president, who had studied business and engineering at Harvard and MIT, and the company became the largest producer of fuse timers for precision defense products in the United States under his direction.
They built a new concrete plant in nearby Middlebury, Connecticut in 88 days in 1942 for the high-volume production of precision timers.
Sales declined after the Korean War in the 1950s because of diminishing defense orders, and United States Time president Lehmkuhl was convinced that an inexpensive watch would be a market success if it was both accurate and durable.
He felt that low cost could be accomplished through the combination of automation, the precision tooling techniques used in making fuse timers, and a simpler design than that of higher-priced Swiss watches.
These innovations led to the debut of the Timex brand in 1950, though the name was first used on a small trial shipment of nurses' watches in 1945.
US Time Corporation bought Lacher & Co. AG in Pforzheim, Germany (the Laco brand) on February 1, 1959 in order to acquire the electric watch technology which that company had developed.
The company manufactured mechanical components for missiles during the boom of American missile development in the late 1950s, including fuses, gyroscope, accelerometers, guidance sub-system, and various other miniature precision items.
The height of the company's ordnance and ammunition business lasted through the Vietnam era in the 1960s and 1970s, during which it operated Joliet Army Ammunition Plant as well as privately owned plants and storage facilities.
The commercials included high-divers, water skiers, a dolphin, dishwashers, jackhammers, paint mixers, and the propeller of an outboard motor, each torturing a Timex watch.
Consumer demand increased for the watches, despite resistance from jewelers because of the low 50% markup, and Timex opened new distribution channels including department stores, cigar stands, drug stores, and other mass market outlets.
By 1962, the Timex brand held the number one market share position in the United States, where one out of every three watches sold was a Timex.
Foreign markets were added with company sales offices in Canada, Mexico, France, Great Britain, Germany, and Portugal, as well as distributors in about 20 other countries.
Edwin H. Land, co-founder of Polaroid Corporation, contacted United States Time Corporation in 1948 in search of a manufacturer for his cameras.
A strong relationship was forged between the companies in 1950 resulting in United States Time becoming the exclusive manufacturer of all Polaroid cameras worldwide through the 1970s, totaling more than 44 million cameras.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, the American watch and clock industry was devastated by the arrival of cheap mechanical watches from the Far East, as well as the development of digital quartz watches pioneered by Japanese companies.
Lehmkuhl retired in 1973 with no clear successor, and Polaroid ended its contract with Timex in 1975 resulting in a layoff of 2,000 employees.
New technology was developing rapidly in the form of electronic digital watches and quartz analog watches, making Timex's mechanical watchmaking production facilities obsolete.
New competitors were aggressively entering the business, including Japanese companies, low-cost Hong Kong producers, and large American companies such as Gillette, Texas Instruments, and National Semi-Conductor.
The company entered the home computer business in a joint venture with Sinclair Research Ltd., selling computers as the Timex Sinclair 1000 and succeeding machines, modeled on the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum.
They faced declining sales amid a price war with Commodore Business Machines in 1984 and decided not to compete in that market any longer.
Longer battery life, more durable gold plating, greater accuracy, and more water resistant styles were some of the many improvements that they implemented.
Top athletes assisted in the design of sports watches for specific sports, which led to the introduction of the Ironman Triathlon in 1986 which was named for the Hawaiian triathlon that the company had sponsored since 1984, and it became the most successful Timex watch in the post-mechanical watch era.
Within its first year, Timex Ironman became the best-selling watch in the United States, and the world's largest selling sport watch for the next decade.
Indiglo made headlines as a result of the February 26, 1993 World Trade Center bombing, in which an office worker wearing a Timex with an Indiglo night light used its light to guide a group of evacuees down 40 dark flights of stairs.
The Data Link PDA-type watch could receive contact and scheduling information from a sequence in a computer monitor's light using software developed with Microsoft.
The new millennium led to further growth of Timex Corporation and its parent Timex Group B.V., by way of brand acquisition, brand introduction, and licensing partnerships.
In 2007, Timex Group B.V. established Sequel AG as a separate company devoted to the design, manufacture, and distribution of the Guess and the Swiss-made Gc watch brands.
The company was restructured in early 2008, establishing the Timex Business Unit as a separate business function for the Timex brand with its own president.
Previous Timex Group CEOs had managed the Timex Group and brand, which had contributed to the brand's lower earnings in the previous five years.
Timex Group's Sequel division houses the Guess collections and had grown tremendously to rival Timex as the firm's top earner, but the signature brand had been flat as of August 2008.
In 2008, Timex Group USA signed a four-year agreement making Timex the first official timekeeper of the New York City Marathon.
Meanwhile, parent company Timex Group B.V. launched Swiss-made luxury watch brands Salvatore Ferragamo Timepieces and Valentino Timeless under the Timex Group Luxury Watches business.
That same year, they began construction on the second-largest ground-mounted solar array in the United States at Timex Group USA's headquarters in Middlebury, Connecticut.
The Callanen International business unit merged with the Timex Business Unit in 2009, bringing the Timex, Opex, TX, Nautica, and Marc Eckō brands under one company.
Timex Group B.V., a Dutch holding company, is the corporate parent of several watchmaking companies around the globe including Timex Group USA, Inc.
Businesses and exclusive worldwide licenses include the Timex Business Unit (Timex, Timex Ironman, Opex, Nautica, Marc Eckō), Sequel (Guess, Gc), Timex Group Luxury Division (Versace, Versus, Salvatore Ferragamo, Vincent Bérard, CT Scuderia and Teslar) and Giorgio Galli Design Lab.
Today, Timex Group B.V.'s products are manufactured in the Far East, and in Switzerland, often based on technology that continues to be developed in the United States and in Germany.
The southern (lower) part of Lindholm Høje dates to 1000 – 1050 AD, the Viking Age, while the northern (higher) part is significantly earlier, dating back to the 5th century AD in the Nordic Iron Age.
An unknown number of rocks has been removed from the site over the centuries, many, for example, being broken up in the 19th century for use in road constructions.
The first major archaeological excavation, which ultimately included 589 of the approximately 700 graves, began in 1952, although excavations had been conducted as early as 1889.
During the Viking Age, it was only possible to make the crossing at this point or much further west along the fjord at Aggersund, because of the swamps which then edged the fjord on either side.
The settlement was abandoned in approximately 1200 AD, probably due to sand drifting from the western coast, which was a consequence of extensive deforestation and the exposed sand then being blown inland by the rough westerly winds.
Because of its location and transportation links, the settlement was obviously a significant centre for trade at the time, and this is borne out by glassware, gems and Arab coins found at the site.
An 11th-century silver Urnes style brooch found in one grave is the model for bronze copies that were being cast in a Lund jeweler's workshop in the early 12th century.
The majority of the burials discovered were cremations, although a number of inhumations were also discovered, and it appeared that the tendency towards cremation or burial depended upon the period, cremation supplanting inhumation in the Viking Age.
Of the later graves, some women's graves appear to be distinguished by placement of rocks in a circle or oval, but most of the graves are marked with rocks either in a triangle or in the traditional shape of a boat (stone ship), indicating the importance that the Vikings placed upon water.
The shape and size of the grave outline apparently indicate the status of the person – all of which is reminiscent of the ship burials of the Anglo-Saxons, Norwegian and Swedish Vikings and other ancient Germanic societies.
A museum adjacent to the site donated by Aalborg Portland A/S cement company to commemorate their centennial was opened in 1992.
In addition, Lithuanian orthography uses five digraphs (Ch Dz Dž Ie Uo); these function as sequences of two letters for collation purposes.
The majority of the Lithuanian alphabet is in the Unicode block C0 controls and basic Latin (non-accented symbols), and the rest of the Lithuanian alphabet (ą Ą č Č ę Ę ė Ė į Į š Š ų Ų ū Ū ž Ž) is in the Latin Extended-A.
He was the elder son of Duke Sobiesław I and an early scion of the Samborides dynasty, which is named after him.
He is also mentioned in an 1186 deed as the founder of the Cistercian abbey at Oliwa, a filial monastery of Kołbacz.
The 14th century obituary of Oliwa Abbey denotes the date of his death with 7 February 1207, however Sambor probably died under the reign of High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks (1202–1206).
The procession is led by an individual carrying a duck — originally dead, now just wooden — tied to the end of a vertical pole.
The identity of King Edward in the song is not known; it could refer to any of the five English monarchs of that name (three numbered, and two earlier monarchs) up to the time the song was created.
Crick, one of the co-discoverers of the molecular structure of DNA, later became a theorist for neurobiology and the study of the brain.
Human consciousness according to Crick is central to human existence and so scientists find themselves approaching topics traditionally left to philosophy and religion.
Crick claims that scientific study of the brain during the 20th century led to acceptance of consciousness, free will, and the human soul as subjects for scientific investigation.
), Crick focuses on the primate visual system and breaks down the prerequisites for conscious experience into several broad subconditions, including some sort of short term memory and attention mechanism.
The book then delves into a brief overview of many neuroscientific topics, ranging from a survey of how neurons function to a description of basic neural circuits and their artificial equivalents.
Throughout, Crick cites various experiments which illustrate the narrow points he is making about visual awareness, such as studies investigating the phenomenon of blindsight in macaques.
The later chapters of the book try to synthesize many of the points made earlier about the visual system into a unified framework, although Crick frequently notes the many exceptions to his assumptions and the clumsiness of many of his attempts at synthesis.
Also, here he takes the opportunity to make suggestions for further experiments that could provide empirical basis for further understanding about human consciousness and includes a brief addendum on several topics he purposefully glossed over, like free will.
Crick's view of this relationship was that religions can be wrong about scientific matters and that part of what science does is to confront the errors that exist within religious traditions.
For example, the idea of a mechanism for the evolution of life by natural selection conflicts with some views on creation of life by divine intervention.
Some, such as neurologist and Nobel Laureate Gerald Edelman believe that neural Darwinism is a more satisfactory explanation for the emergence of complex intelligence in humans.
Another school of thought, this one largely made up of those outside of scientific disciplines, consider consciousness to either be simply beyond the possibility of explanation or at least dependent on some qualities that are not simply physical (i.e.
Lastly, those who support quantum theory of mind also disagree with how Crick simplifies the workings of the brain to only the Standard Model of physics.
Nicknamed The Szechuan Sage, he wears a yellow outfit and rises into Kitchen Stadium holding a large Chinese chef's knife in his hand.
He was born in Japan to a Japanese mother and a Chinese father of Japanese nationality, Chen Kenmin and his formal name is .
Chen is the son of Chen Kenmin 陈建民 , who is regarded as the father of Sichuan cuisine 四川料理 in Japan.
Even though he is the longest-serving Iron Chef and the only original Iron Chef, having been an Iron Chef for the series' six-year run, Chen has on several occasions considered leaving his position; among his reasons was the desire to tend to his restaurants, which had become booked every night since the show's start, as well as a bout of depression following the death of his mother.
Ultimately, it was fellow Iron Chef Hiroyuki Sakai who convinced Chen to stay, with their agreement that should one leave the show, so would the other.
He was also remarkable for his frequent tasting of food, frequently dipping his ladle into steaming concoctions for sampling, only to place the same ladle back in the food.
Among his more memorable matches was one with challenger Dominique Corby of the Tour d'Argent, where, after the main battle (with foie gras as the theme ingredient) was fought to a tie, the overtime battle (with asparagus as the theme) also resulted in a tie—the only time that such an outcome occurred in the series.
Rather than have Chen and Corby fight a second overtime battle, Chairman Kaga, the show's host, decreed that both contestants were the winners, effectively calling the battle a draw.
In his case, he battled with the chefs of Heichinrou restaurant in Yokohama, defeating two of their number before finally losing to their head chef in an overtime battle.
Chen is an avid baseball fan and states that it would have been his choice to go professional but opted not to.
The restaurant was inherited from his father and he is currently the third to run it after his mother took over.
Benzocaine, sold under the brand name Orajel amongst others, is an ester local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever or in cough drops.
However, there have been reports of serious, life-threatening adverse effects (e.g., seizures, coma, irregular heart beat, respiratory depression) with over-application of topical products or when applying topical products that contain high concentrations of benzocaine to the skin.
Overapplication of oral anesthetics such as benzocaine can increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration by relaxing the gag-reflex and allowing regurgitated stomach contents or oral secretions to enter the airway.
The topical use of higher concentration (10–20%) benzocaine products applied to the mouth or mucous membranes has been found to be a cause of methemoglobinemia, a disorder in which the amount of oxygen carried by the blood is greatly reduced.
As a result, the FDA has stated that benzocaine products should not be used in children under two years of age, unless directed by and supervised by a healthcare professional.
Symptoms of methemoglobinemia usually occur within minutes to hours of applying benzocaine, and can occur upon the first-time use or after additional use.
When the nerve endings are stimulated, sodium enters the neuron, causing depolarization of the nerve and subsequent initiation of an action potential.
Benzocaine is sparingly soluble in water; it is more soluble in dilute acids and very soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl ether.
Whilst giving a numbing effect similar to cocaine on users' mucous membranes, it does not actually produce the effects of cocaine.
Trifolium repens, the white clover (also known as Dutch clover, Ladino clover, or Ladino), is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (previously referred to as Leguminosae).
It is native to Europe, including the British Isles, and central Asia and is one of the most widely cultivated types of clover.
It has been widely introduced worldwide as a forage crop, and is now also common in most grassy areas (lawns and gardens) of North America and New Zealand.
It is low growing, with heads of whitish flowers, often with a tinge of pink or cream that may come on with the aging of the plant.
The stems function as stolons, so white clover often forms mats, with the stems creeping as much as a year, and rooting at the nodes.
It is native in Europe and Central Asia, ubiquitous throughout the British Isles, introduced in North America, South Africa, New Zealand and elsewhere, and globally cultivated as a forage crop.
about 110 to 170 kg N per hectare per year) in root nodules of white clover obviates synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use for maintaining productivity on much temperate zone pasture land.
Such mixtures can not only optimize livestock production, but can also reduce the bloat risk to livestock that can be associated with excessive white clover in pastures.
Such species mixtures also tend to avoid issues that could otherwise be associated with cyanogenic glycoside (linamarin and lotaustralin) intake on pure or nearly pure stands of some white clover varieties.
However, problems do not inevitably arise with grazing on monocultures of white clover, and superior ruminant production is sometimes achieved on white clover monocultures managed to optimize sward height.
Formononetin and biochanin A play a role in arbuscular mycorrhiza formation on white clover roots, and foliar disease can stimulate production of estrogenic coumestans in white clover.
However, while there have been a few reports of phytoestrogenic effects of white clover on grazing ruminants, these have been far less common than such reports regarding some varieties of subterranean and red clover.
Among forage plants, some white clover varieties tend to be favored by rather close grazing, because of their stoloniferous habit, which can contribute to competitive advantage.
It is often added to lawn seed mixes, as it is able to grow and provide green cover in poorer soils where turfgrasses do not perform well.
White clover can tolerate close mowing and grazing, and it can grow on many different types and pHs of soil (although it prefers clay soils).
As a leguminous and hardy plant, it is considered to be a beneficial component of natural or organic pasture management and lawn care due to its ability to fix nitrogen and out-compete weeds.
Natural nitrogen fixing reduces leaching from the soil and by maintaining soil health can reduce the incidence of some lawn diseases that are enhanced by the availability of synthetic fertilizer.
Besides making an excellent forage crop for livestock, its leaves and flowers are a valuable survival food: they are high in proteins, and are widespread and abundant.
They are not easy for humans to digest raw, however, but this is easily fixed by boiling the harvested plants for 5–10 minutes.
Founded in 1908, it became known as Youngstown College in 1931 and sought accreditation through the North Central Association in 1944.
In 1955, Youngstown College became Youngstown University; later designated Youngstown State University in 1967 and now joins the University System of Ohio.
The university is composed of 6 undergraduate colleges including the Beeghly College of Education, Cliffe College of Creative Arts and Communication, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Dr. Dominic A. and Helen M. Bitonte College of Health and Human Services, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, and the Warren P. Williamson, Jr. College of Business Administration.
Youngstown State University boasts 170 undergraduate degree programs and over 50 graduate degree programs serving over 12,000 students in studies up to the doctoral level.
Students can participate in over 100 clubs and organizations, ranging from student government, fraternities and sororities, recreational sports programs, and student media organizations such as The Jambar.
The university is a member of the Horizon League in all varsity sports, with the football team part of an alliance where the Horizon, The Summit League, and Missouri Valley Conference, FCS scholarship schools compete as the Missouri Valley Football Conference.
The university's origins trace back to 1908, when the local branch of the YMCA established a school of law within the Youngstown Association School.
In 1928, a year after establishing the College of Arts and Sciences, the institute once again changed its name to Youngstown College.
Although it is not located near any outstanding geographical features, that has not stopped Youngstown State's campus from being noted for its landscaping, which is dissimilar from that of many other urban universities.
YSU's geographical center has a park-like atmosphere, featuring a rather-hilly terrain and a variety of trees and plant life, as well as tables and chairs that surround a campus fountain.
Most buildings on campus have been built within the last half-century, making them newer than most buildings in downtown Youngstown, where most buildings were constructed before the Great Depression.
It features reading and study rooms, computer labs, a copying center, a variety of restaurants (including a Chick-Fil-A, Wendy's and Dunkin' Donuts), and many student-affairs offices.
Jones Hall, often the building that welcomes those coming onto YSU's campus, is one of the campus' oldest buildings, having been built in 1931, when YSU was still known as Youngstown College.
In 2013, the former Wick Pollock Inn – located on Wick Avenue, next to Bliss Hall – was converted into The University President's House.
Organized shows are available for groups during the week, and scheduled shows available Friday and Saturday evenings (with shows geared toward younger audiences on Saturday afternoons).
YSU offers doctoral degrees in educational leadership and physical therapy, as well as a doctorate in mathematics in cooperation with Rhodes University.
Additionally, the Youngstown State University Symphonic Wind Ensemble performed at New York City's Carnegie Hall in March 2005 and again in November 2015.
Following the conclusion of the strike, relations remained strained, with some faculty and staff calling for the resignation of YSU President David Sweet in May 2007.
Relations have improved since that time and are now typical of what one would expect of a unionized campus in a region that has always been at the center of US union activism.
In June 2015, it was announced that a $7.8 million, 162-bed, four-story, privately owned, student housing complex named University Edge YSU would be built on West Rayen Avenue between Fifth and Belmont avenues by Hallmark Campus Communities of Columbus and Fortress Real Estate Co. of Atlanta.
LRC Realty announced the $10 million, 163-bed, five story, privately, owned retail/student housing complex, called The Enclave, was built on nearly 2 acres between Lincoln and Wick avenues in Youngstown.
Youngstown State University is home to three Greek councils; Interfraternity Council (IFC), National Panhellenic Conference (NPC), and the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC).
Graduate tuition is $7,337/academic year for Ohio residents, while all other graduate students (including international students) pay just $150 per academic year ($8.34 per credit hour) in addition to the in-state tuition.
Once seen as primarily a commuter school, Youngstown State University has a growing number of student housing available both on and off campus.
YSU has participated in the Youngstown Early College program, through which students from the Youngstown City School District can take courses for college credit while in high school.
YSU is no longer affiliated with Youngstown Early College, while Eastern Gateway Community College has taken over full operations away from YSU in 2013.
YSU operates several Centers of Excellence and designated research and economic development programs, including the Center for Transportation and Materials Engineering, the Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Engineering, the Center of Excellence in International Business, the Center for Applied Chemical Biology, the Institute for Applied Topology, and effective in 2012, the Natural Gas and Water Resources Institute.
Youngstown State University is also home to the Center for Working Class Studies and offers a Regional and American Studies program, which was the first of its kind in the United States.
Youngstown State has a number of men's and women's sports teams, including baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, swimming, diving, tennis, track and field, volleyball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and bowling.
Youngstown State currently plays as a member of the NCAA at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-AA) and are a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC).
YSU football has been one of the leading programs in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision, winning four national championships under former head coach Jim Tressel (currently YSU President), which is third behind North Dakota State's seven titles and Georgia Southern's six.
The university is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I, and the Penguins compete in football as members of the Missouri Valley Football Conference.
The structure also houses the university's ROTC branch, as well as the DeBartolo Stadium Club, which overlooks the city of Youngstown and is available for events.
Home of the department of kinesiology and sports sciences, it includes an olympic-sized swimming pool, racquetball and squash courts, as well as administrative offices.
The Andrews Student Recreation and Wellness Center is the main recreational facility on campus, and is available to all students and staff members.
The building boasts Ohio's tallest rock wall (53 feet), as well as free-weight and cardio gyms, meditation and aerobics studios, four indoor multi-purpose courts, and an indoor track.
The Watson and Tressel Training Site, completed in 2011, is one of the largest and newest buildings of its kind in the Horizon league.
Facilities at WATTS include a turf football field, track, long-jump and high-jump pits as well as practice sites for baseball, football, track, softball, golf, and soccer.
The Netherlands has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 60 times since making its debut as one of the seven countries at the first contest in .
The country has missed only four contests, twice because the dates coincided with Remembrance of the Dead (1985, 1991) and twice because of being relegated due to poor results the previous year (1995 and 2002).
The Netherlands hosted the contest in Hilversum (), Amsterdam (), twice in The Hague ( and ), and will host the contest in Rotterdam in .
The Netherlands has won the contest five times, with Corry Brokken (), Teddy Scholten (), Lenny Kuhr in a four-way tie (), Teach-In () and Duncan Laurence ().
The country's other top five results are Sandra & Andres fourth (), Mouth & MacNeal third (), Maggie MacNeal fifth (), Marcha fifth (), Edsilia Rombley fourth (), and second with The Common Linnets ().
After the introduction of the semifinals in 2004, the Netherlands failed to reach the final for eight years in a row from 2005 to 2012, the record of the contest, but have since reached six of the last seven finals.
Brokken's Heel de wereld received the first point from the first voting country, Switzerland, but it turned on to be the only point for her and finished tied ninth and last.
The song led in some early stage before dramatic roller coaster voting occurred before Italy sent seven points to the Dutch and France sent four more for another Dutch victory.
Rudi Carrell and Annie Palmen won the national final with Wat een geluk in 1960 before Carrell was selected for the night but the song finished 12th or second last.
This song is in the distinguished list for finishing last with 0 points but still being the more-remembered entries from the dark age.
This folk song about Troubadour didn't lead early in the voting before the third last country, France, gave six points to lead.
This song received six twelves and almost 8.5 average, winning the contest for the fourth time, being the first song to win after singing first.
This short song was the first time in 1961 that was internally selected before the country selected the entries internally since 2013.
Anouk was eventually chosen, and not only did she break the Netherlands' long non-qualification streak, she gave the country its first top 10 placing since 1999.
The following year, bookmakers downgraded The Common Linnets' chances of success going into the contest, yet the group proved them wrong by winning their semifinal and finishing second overall.
After a non-qualification with Trijntje Oosterhuis in 2015, the Dutch then recorded four consecutive qualifications with Douwe Bob and OG3NE both finishing in 11th place in their respective appearances, and Waylon placing 18th.
In 1991 the contest was again held on 4 May, and so the Netherlands withdrew for the same reason as six years earlier.
There was no Dutch participation in the 1995 and 2002 contests, due to relegation as a result of the country's poor showings in the previous year.
But at 22:00 (UTC+2) on Saturday 13 May, the broadcast was cancelled because of the Enschede fireworks disaster which happened a few hours before.
The points awarded by the Netherlands were taken from the back-up jury vote, as there was no televote after the program was cut short.
Over the years NOS/TROS commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Willem Duys, Ivo Niehe, Pim Jacobs, Ati Dijckmeester and Paul de Leeuw.
On June 29, 2010, Maas was sacked as commentator after putting insults on Twitter about Sieneke, Joran van der Sloot and the Party for Freedom (PVV).
His father had ruled over Eastern Pomerania (or Pomerelia) since about 1205 by appointment of the Polish high duke Władysław III Spindleshanks.
In 1216 or 1217 his son Swietopelk was made a steward over Pomerelia by High Duke Leszek I the White of Kraków.
In 1218, Swietopelk took advantage of a revolt of local knights against Danish rule to occupy the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp.
Swietopelk, who had exploited Piast Poland's fragmentation to gain independence, promised Władysław Odonic the throne of Kraków and Silesia in exchange for his support in the ousting of Leszek and Henry I the Bearded of Lower Silesia .
On 23 November 1227, on the occasion of an assembly of Piast dukes in Gąsawa, Leszek was killed in an ambush set by Swietopelk II and perhaps Władysław, while Henry was severely wounded.
In 1233-34, Swietopelk II, with his brother Sambor, joined a crusading army along with Hermann Balk, Konrad I of Masovia, Henry the Bearded, and Władysław Odonic.
The brothers, over whom Swantopolk was supposed to govern for twenty years, refused to support their overlord after twelve years, and the conflict escalated into a civil war.
Sambor and Racibor were driven out from their lands and sought refuge and alliance first with Piast relatives in Greater Poland, later with the Teutonic Knights, a Christian military order waging a crusade against pagan Prussians.
Eventually, the uprising did not succeed and a peace treaty, mediated by a papal legate, was signed on 24 November 1248.
Swietopelk had to return lands seized from his brothers, allow Teutonic Knights to pass through his domains, stop charging tolls on ships using the Vistula, and stop any aid to the Prussians.
After governing since 1220 for 46 years, Swietopelk died in 1266, with his sons Mestwin II and Wratislaw II inheriting his lands.
The Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company was an American brewery based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and once the largest producer of beer in the United States.
Schlitz first became the largest beer producer in the US in 1902 and enjoyed that status at several points during the first half of the 20th century, exchanging the title with Anheuser-Busch multiple times during the 1950s.
Schlitz was bought by Stroh Brewery Company in 1982 and subsequently sold along with the rest of Stroh's assets to Pabst Brewing Company in 1999.
Blue Ribbon is a partnership between American beer entrepreneur Eugene Kashper and TSG Consumer Partners, a San Francisco–based private equity firm.
The often circulated story of Schlitz' proposed donation of thousands of barrels of beer to the Chicago population after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 is simply a modern myth, pushed by later marketing campaigns.
From the late 1880s, Schlitz built dozens of tied houses in Chicago, most with a concrete relief of the company logo embedded in the brickwork; several of these buildings survive today, including Schuba's Tavern at the corner of Belmont and Southport.
Schlitz died on May 7, 1875 at sea—while traveling to Germany, his ship hit a rock near Land's End, Cornwall, and sank.
The company flourished through much of the 1900s, starting in 1902 when the production of one million barrels of beer surpassed Pabst's claim as the largest brewery in the United States.
The strike greatly impacted Schlitz's production, including all of Milwaukee's other breweries and allowed Anheuser-Busch to surpass Schlitz in the American beer market.
The popularity of Schlitz's namesake beer, along with the introduction of value-priced Old Milwaukee, allowed Schlitz to regain the number-one position.
Faced with a desire to meet large volume demands while also cutting the cost of production, the brewing process for Schlitz's flagship Schlitz beer was changed in the early 1970s.
The primary changes involved using corn syrup to replace some of the malted barley, adding a silica gel to prevent the product from forming a haze, using high-temperature fermentation instead of the traditional method, and also substituted less-expensive extracts rather than traditional ingredients.
The reformulated product resulted in a beer that not only lost much of the flavor and consistency of the traditional formula, but also spoiled more quickly, rapidly losing public appeal.
In 1976, concern was growing that the Food and Drug Administration would require all ingredients to be labeled on their bottles and cans.
The agent reacted badly with a foam stabilizer that was used and Schlitz recalled 10 million bottles of beer, costing it $1.4 million.
As part of its efforts to reverse the sales decline, Schlitz launched a disastrous 1977 television ad campaign created by Leo Burnett & Co.
In each of the ads, a burly Schlitz drinker threatens an off-screen speaker (visually identified with the viewer) who wants him to switch to a rival beer.
The Baldwinsville brewery was purchased by Anheuser-Busch in 1981 to supplement production of the upcoming Budweiser Light – now Bud Light – release in 1982.
Because of the nonstandard brewery design, Baldwinsville is unique and capable of complex production, making it a key player in the 12 domestic Anheuser-Busch plants.
What remained of the historic Schlitz Brewery complex in Milwaukee was transformed with tax increment financing and other government support into a mixed-use development called Schlitz Park.
During the reformulating period of the early 1970s, the original Schlitz beer formula was lost and never included in any of the subsequent sales of the company.
Through research of documents and interviews with former Schlitz brewmasters and taste-testers, Pabst was able to reconstruct the 1960s classic formula.
Pabst Brewing Company, now headquartered in Los Angeles, continues to produce Schlitz beer, Old Milwaukee, and four Schlitz malt liquors—Schlitz Red Bull, Schlitz Bull Ice, Schlitz High Gravity, and Schlitz Malt Liquor.
His television trademark is a red French chef's costume; he rises into Kitchen Stadium holding a nashi pear in his hand.
Sakai agreed after being convinced by his staff, believing the impression that the show would air for another six months, giving him two or three appearances.
Upon his first loss, he had tried to be cheerful in explaining his loss to a younger chef who also owned his own restaurant, but his entire staff was mortified upon hearing the news.
In an effort to learn from others, Sakai often tasted food opponents had prepared, or grabbed assistants and asked them questions after the battle was over.
In 2009, Sakai was named a recipient of the Gendai no Meiko (Contemporary Master Craftsmen) awards, honoring Japan's foremost artisans in various fields.
Fischer esterification or Fischer–Speier esterification is a special type of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Contrary to common misconception found in organic chemistry textbooks, phenols can also be esterified to give good to near quantitative yield of products.
The reaction is often carried out without a solvent (particularly when a large reagent excess of alcohol is used) or in a non-polar solvent (e.g.
Direct acylations of alcohols with carboxylic acids is preferred over acylations with anhydrides (poor atom economy) or acid chlorides (moisture sensitive).
Fischer esterification is an example of nucleophilic acyl substitution based on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon and the nucleophilicity of an alcohol.
Straightforward acidic conditions can be used if acid-sensitive functional groups are not an issue; sulfuric acid can be used; weaker acids can be used with a tradeoff of longer reaction times.
Acid chlorides evolve hydrogen chloride gas upon contact with atmospheric moisture, are corrosive, react vigorously with water and other nucleophiles (sometimes dangerously); they are easily quenched by other nucleophiles besides the desired alcohol; their most common synthesis routes involve the evolution of toxic carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide gases (depending on the synthesis process used).
Acid anhydrides are more reactive than esters because the leaving group is a carboxylate anion—a better leaving group than an alkoxide anion because their negative charge is more delocalised.
For example, in reacting ethanol with acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate forms and acetic acid is eliminated as a leaving group, which is considerably less reactive than an acid anhydride and will be left as a byproduct (in a wasteful 1:1 ratio with the ester product) if product is collected immediately.
If conditions are acidic enough, the acetic acid can be further reacted via the Fischer esterification pathway, but at a much slower pace.
However, in many carefully designed syntheses, reagents can be designed such that acid anhydrides are generated in situ and carboxylic acid byproducts are reactivated, and Fischer esterification routes are not necessarily mutually exclusive with acetic anhydride routes.
Fischer esterification is primarily a thermodynamically-controlled process: because of its slowness, the most stable ester tends to be the major product.
The primary disadvantages of Fischer esterification routes are its thermodynamic reversibility and relatively slow reaction rates—often on the scale of several hours to years, depending on the reaction conditions.
Workarounds to this can be inconvenient if there are other functional groups sensitive to strong acid, in which case other catalytic acids may be chosen.
If the product ester has a lower boiling point than either water or the reagents, the product may be distilled rather than water; this is common as esters with no protic functional groups tend to have lower boiling points than their protic parent reagents.
Purification and extraction are easier if the ester product can be distilled away from the reagents and byproducts, but reaction rate can be slowed because overall reaction temperature can be limited in this scenario.
A more inconvenient scenario is if the reagents have a lower boiling point than either the ester product or water, in which case the reaction mixture must be capped and refluxed and a large excess of starting material added.
In this case anhydrous salts, such as Copper(II) sulfate or Potassium pyrosulfate, can also be added to sequester the water by forming hydrates, shifting the equilibrium towards ester products.
The natural esterification that takes place in wines and other alcoholic beverages during the aging process is an example of acid-catalysed esterification.
Over time, the acidity of the acetic acid and tannins in an aging wine will catalytically protonate other organic acids (including acetic acid itself), encouraging ethanol to react as a nucleophile.
Other combinations of organic alcohols (such as phenol-containing compounds) and organic acids lead to a variety of different esters in wines, contributing to their different flavours, smells and tastes.
Of course, when compared to sulfuric acid conditions, the acid conditions in a wine are mild, so yield is low (often in tenths or hundredths of a percentage point by volume) and take years for ester to accumulate.
It is believed that hydrobromic acid released by TBATB protonates the alcohol rather than the carboxylic acid, making the carboxylate the actual nucleophile.
Cem was the third son of Sultan Mehmed II and younger half-brother of Sultan Bayezid II, and thus a half-uncle of Sultan Selim I of Ottoman Empire.
After being defeated by Bayezid, Cem went on exile in Egypt and Europe, under the protection of the Mamluks, the Knights Hospitaller of St. John on the island of Rhodes, and ultimately the Pope.
At the death of Mehmed the Conqueror, on May 3, 1481, Bayezid was the governor of Sivas, Tokat and Amasya, and Cem ruled the provinces of Karaman and Konya.
Contrary to Islamic law, which prohibits any unnecessary delay in burial, Mehmed II's body was transported to Constantinople, where it lay three days.
His grand vizier Karamanlı Mehmet Pasha – believing himself to be fulfilling the wishes of the recently deceased Sultan – attempted to arrange a situation whereby the younger son Cem, whose governing seat at Konya was closer than his brother Bayezid's seat at Amasya, would arrive in Constantinople prior to his older sibling and be able to claim the throne.
However, Bayezid had already established a political network of influential pashas (two of whom were his sons-in-law), the janissaries, and those opposed to the policies of Mehmed II and the grand vizier.
In spite of Karamanlı Mehmet Pasha's attempts at secrecy, the Sultan's death and the grand vizier's plan were discovered by the Janissary corps, who supported Bayezid over Cem and had been kept out of the capital after the Sultan's death.
After the death of Karamanlı Mehmet Pasha, there was widespread rioting among the janisseries in Constantinople as there was neither a sultan nor a grand vizier to control the developments.
Understanding the danger of the situation, former grand vizier Ishak Pasha took the initiative of beseeching Bayezid to arrive with all due haste.
In the meantime, Ishak Pasha took the cautionary measure of proclaiming Bayezid's 11-year-old son, Sehzade (prince) Korkut, as regent until the arrival of his father.
The decisive battle between the two contenders to the Ottoman throne took place on June 19, 1481, near the town of Yenişehir.
The Mamlūk sultan Qāʾit Bāy (r. 1468–1496) received Cem with honour in Cairo, and Cem took the opportunity to go on pilgrimage to Mecca.
In Cairo, Cem received a letter from his brother, offering Cem one million akçes (the Ottoman currency) to stop competing for the throne.
He intended to give it all up and return to Cairo but all of the roads to Egypt were under Bayezid's control.
Bayezid offered him a stipend to live quietly in Jerusalem but refused to divide the empire, prompting Cem to flee to Rhodes on July 29, 1482.
In return for the overthrow of the new sultan Bayezid, Prince Cem offered perpetual peace between the Ottoman Empire and Christendom if he regained the Ottoman throne.
However, Pierre d'Aubusson realized that conflict with Bayezid would be imprudent, so he secretly approached Bayezid, concluded a peace treaty, and then reached a separate agreement on Cem's captivity in March 1483.
Some hoped to use his name and person to foment turmoil in the Ottoman realm, including the Mamlūk sultan Qāʾit Bāy, the king of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus, and Pope Innocent VIII.
Others, such as the Knights of Saint John, the Venetians, the king of Naples, and Popes Innocent VIII and Pope Alexander VI, viewed his presence in Europe as a deterrent to Ottoman aggression against Christendom and an opportunity for profit.
For his part, Bayezid II dispatched ambassadors and spies to the West to assure that his rival was detained indefinitely, and he even attempted to eliminate him through assassination.
After the death of King Louis XI of France (August 30, 1483), who had refused to accept a Muslim in his lands, the Knights of Saint John transferred him to Limousin (D'Aubusson's birthplace).
Bayezid II negotiated both with D'Aubusson, to have Cem returned to Rhodes, and with representatives of the new French monarch, Charles VIII, to have him kept in France.
When the king of Hungary and Pope Innocent VIII sought custody of the prince, the Pope prevailed, and Cem arrived in Rome on 13 March 1489.
Innocent VIII rebuffed overtures from the Mamlūks and prepared to launch a crusade against the Ottomans, but it was postponed when Matthias Corvinus of Hungary died on April 6, 1490.
These developments worried Bayezid, who contacted D'Aubusson and also sent Mustafa Bey (later a grand vizier) to Rome, to conclude a secret agreement, in December 1490.
The sultan promised not to attack Rhodes, Rome, or Venice, as well as to pay Cem's allowance of 40,000 ducats to the Pope (10,000 of which were earmarked for the Knights of Saint John), in return for the prince's incarceration.
Apparently, Cem found life in Rome more pleasant than in France, and he had lost hope of seizing the Ottoman throne, but he wanted to die in a Muslim land.
Cem's presence in Rome was useful nevertheless, because whenever Bayezid intended to launch a military campaign against Christian nations of the Balkans, the Pope would threaten to release his brother.
In exchange for maintaining the custody of Cem, Bayezid paid Innocent VIII 120,000 crowns (at the time, equal to all other annual sources of papal revenue combined), a relic of the Holy Lance (which allegedly had pierced the side of Christ), one hundred Moorish slaves, and an annual fee of 45,000 ducats.
In 1494, Charles VIII invaded Italy, to take possession of the kingdom of Naples, and announced a crusade against the Turks.
Cem died in Capua, while on a military expedition to conquer Naples under the command of King Charles VIII of France.
He also requested to have Cem's body for a Islamic funeral, but it was not until four years after Cem's death that his body was finally brought to the Ottoman lands because of attempts to receive more gold for Cem's corpse.
The many illustrations in the book are the first accurately described representations in Western Europe of costumes and weapons of the Turkish people.
The book strives for historical accuracy and was translated into Turkish, German, Rumanian, Polish, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, French, Estonian, Greek and Croatian.
At higher magnetic fields (above Hc1 and below Hc2) the superconductor allows magnetic flux to enter in quantized packets surrounded by a superconducting current vortex (see Quantum vortex).
The number of flux tubes per unit area is proportional to the magnetic field with a constant of proportionality equal to the magnetic flux quantum.
On a simple 76 millimeter diameter, 1-micrometer thick disk, next to a magnetic field of 28 kA/m, there are approximately 100 billion flux tubes that hold 70,000 times the superconductor's weight.
This phenomenon is closely related to the Meissner effect, though with one crucial difference — the Meissner effect shields the superconductor from all magnetic fields causing repulsion, unlike the pinned state of the superconductor disk which pins flux, and the superconductor in place.
SQUID magnetometers suffer reduced precision in a certain range of applied field due to flux creep in the superconducting magnet used to bias the sample, and the maximum field strength of high-temperature superconducting magnets is drastically reduced by the depression in critical field.
The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro has also been developing a flux pinning-based MagLev system called , which aims for a smaller form factor than existing urban rail systems.
The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) or .45 Auto (11.43×23mm) is a handgun cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic pistol.
During the late 1890s and early 20th century, the U.S. Cavalry began trials to replace their sidearm arsenal of issued .45 Colt Single Action Army (SAA) in favor of the more modern and versatile double-action revolver in .45 Colt.
It was eventually evaluated that the .38-caliber round was significantly less effective in overall stopping-power than the .45 Colt against determined opponents in cases such as the Moro juramentado warriors, who were encountered in the Moro Rebellion.
This experience, and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904, led the Army and the Cavalry to decide a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun.
Thompson and Major Louis Anatole La Garde of the Medical Corps arranged tests on cadavers and animal remains in the Chicago stockyards, resulting in the finding that .45 was the most effective pistol cartridge.
They noted, however, training was critical to make sure a soldier could score a hit in a vulnerable part of the body.
Colt had been working with Browning on a .41 caliber cartridge in 1904, and in 1905, when the Cavalry asked for a .45 caliber equivalent, Colt modified the pistol design to fire an enlarged version of the prototype .41 round.
The original round that passed the testing fired a 200 grain (13 g) bullet at 900 ft/s (275 m/s), but after a number of rounds of revisions between Winchester Repeating Arms, Frankford Arsenal, and Union Metallic Cartridge, it ended up using a 230 grain (14.9 g) bullet fired at a nominal velocity of 850 ft/s (260 m/s).
The resulting .45-caliber cartridge, named the .45 ACP, was similar in performance to the .45 Schofield cartridge, and only slightly less powerful (but significantly shorter) than the .45 Colt cartridges the Cavalry was using.
DWM, which submitted two Parabellums chambered in .45 ACP, withdrew from testing after the first round of tests, for unspecified reasons.
In the second round of evaluations in 1910, the Colt design passed the extensive testing with no failures, while the Savage design suffered 37 stoppages or parts failures.
Other US military cartridges include: tracer M26 (red tip), blank M1921 (rolled crimp, red paper wad), M12 and M15 shot shells, and M9 dummy (holes in case).
The cartridge was designed by John Browning for Colt, but the most influential person in selecting the cartridge was Army Ordnance member Gen. John T. Thompson.
After the poor performance of the Army's .38 Long Colt pistols evidenced during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902), Thompson insisted on a more capable pistol cartridge.
According to Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives rulings, the .45 ACP cartridge case can handle up to P piezo pressure.
In CIP-regulated countries every pistol cartridge combination has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum CIP pressure to certify for sale to consumers.
It has relatively low muzzle blast and flash, and it produces a stout, but manageable recoil in handguns, made worse in compact models.
The standard issue military .45 ACP round has a 230-grain bullet that travels at approximately 830 feet per second when fired from the government issue M1911A1 pistol and approximately 950 feet per second from the M1A1 Thompson submachine gun.
It operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating of 21,000 psi (145 MPa) (compared to 35,000 psi/241 MPa for 9mm Parabellum and .40 S&W, 37,500 psi/259 MPa for 10mm Auto, 40,000 psi/276 MPa for .357 SIG), which due to a low bolt thrust helps extend service life of weapons in which it is used.
In its non-expanding full metal jacket (FMJ) version, the .45 ACP cartridge has a reputation for effectiveness against human targets because its heavy mass has the capacity to penetrate tissue deeply and damage the central nervous system, and its large 11.5mm diameter creates a more substantial permanent wound channel than other calibers, which can lower blood pressure rapidly if critical organs of the circulatory system are hit.
In tests against ballistic gelatin, a 185 grain hollow point traveling at 1,050 feet per second expanded to about .76 inches.
While slightly decreasing penetration and likewise the chance of hitting a vital organ, a large diameter wound will cause more blood loss.
There is also a reduced likelihood of overpenetration, meaning that it is more likely that the projectile will transfer all of its kinetic energy to the intended target, thus more reliably incapacitating them.
Drawbacks for military use include the cartridge's large size, weight, increased material costs in comparison to the smaller, flatter shooting NATO standard 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, which uses less powder, brass, and lead per round.
Standard 9mm NATO ammunition has limited armor penetration capability − a deficiency with .45 ACP whose large, slow bullet does not penetrate armor to any great extent.
The low muzzle velocity also makes the bullet drop over long ranges, making hits more difficult; however, it is important to note that the vast majority of self-defense situations involving handguns typically occur at close ranges.
Recent testing of the three major police and military calibers by the Federal Bureau of Investigation found that the .45 ACP was no more effective with regard to terminal ballistics than either 9 x 19mm Parabellum or .40 S&W.
After two years of testing, one of the final FBI comments was that services that adopt (or stay with .40 S&W or .45 ACP) did so at the risk of increased recoil and a possible reduction in accuracy as 9 x 19mm with premium quality ammunition had nearly exactly the same performance.
Because of its large diameter and straight-walled design, the .45 ACP geometry is the highest power-per-pressure production, repeating round in existence.
Because of these inherent low pressures of the standard pressure round, however, compensators and brakes have little effect until +P and Super loads are utilized.
While high capacity firearms are available in .45 ACP, the greater length and diameter of the .45 ACP means that the grip of the pistol must be longer and wider than the grip of a comparable pistol of a smaller caliber; this increase in grip size can make the pistol difficult to use for shooters with smaller hands.
Today, most NATO militaries use sidearms chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, but the effectiveness of the .45 ACP cartridge has ensured its continued popularity with large caliber sport shooters, especially in the United States.
In 1985, the .45 ACP M1911A1 pistol was replaced by the Beretta M9 9mm pistol as the main sidearm of the U.S. military, although select Special Operations units continue to use the M1911A1 or other .45 ACP pistols.
Because standard pressure .45 ACP rounds fired from handguns and submachine guns are inherently subsonic, it is one of the most powerful pistol calibers available for use in suppressed weapons since subsonic rounds are quieter than supersonic rounds.
Suppressors cannot act on a supersonic shock wave continuously generated by a bullet exceeding the speed of sound at ambient cold temperatures, as this shock wave is continuously produced throughout the entire flight path over which the bullet is supersonic, which extends long after it exits the barrel.
The downside to the use of .45 ACP in suppressed weapons is that increasing the diameter of the passage through a suppressor decreases the suppressor's efficiency; thus, while .45 ACP is among the most powerful suppressed pistol rounds, it is also one of the loudest.
Rounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 16.5 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230-grain (15 g) FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 grains (7.5 g), quite literally half the weight).
Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 grains (6.5 g) and over 260 grains (16.8 g); popular rounds among reloaders and target shooters include 185-grain and 230-grain (12 g and 15 g) bullets.
Hollow-point rounds intended for maximum effectiveness against live targets are designed to expand upon impact with soft tissue, increasing the size of the permanent cavity left by the bullet as it passes through the target.
This ammunition was available to the United States Border Patrol as early as 1940 and was used through World War II for emergency signalling by downed United States Navy and Marine Corps air crew.
This means the cartridge is loaded to a higher maximum pressure level than the original SAAMI cartridge standard, generating higher velocity and more muzzle energy.
In the case of the .45 ACP, the new standard cartridge pressure is and the SAAMI .45 ACP +P standard is .
This is a common practice for updating older cartridges to match the better quality of materials and workmanship in modern firearms.
These cartridges have the same external dimensions as the standard-pressure cartridges and will chamber and fire in all firearms designed for the standard-pressure loadings.
The inner dimensions of the +P cartridge are different from the standard-pressure cartridge dimensions and thus allows for higher pressures to be safely achieved in the +P cartridge.
If +P loadings are used in firearms not specifically designed for them, they may cause damage to the weapon and injuries to the operator.
The Super is dimensionally identical to the .45 ACP; however, the cartridge carries a developer established pressure of and requires minor modification of firearms for use.
The Rowland operates at a developer established SAAMI and may only be used within a select group of firearms significantly modified for this purpose; the Rowland case is longer specifically to prevent it from being chambered in standard .45 ACP firearms.
The Super provides approximately 20% greater velocity than the .45 ACP +P; the Rowland approximately 40% greater velocity than the .45 ACP +P.
It was introduced in 1908 by Colt, for use in its new Colt Model 1908 pocket hammerless semi-automatic, and has been a popular self-defense cartridge ever since, seeing wide use in numerous handguns (typically smaller weapons).
Other names for .380 ACP include .380 Auto, 9mm Browning, 9mm Corto, 9mm Kurz, 9mm Short, 9×17mm and 9 mm Browning Court (which is the C.I.P.
The .380 ACP was designed to be truly rimless, with headspace on the case mouth instead of the rim for better accuracy.
These relatively low-powered designs were intended for blowback pistols which lacked a barrel locking mechanism, which is often required for any handgun firing a round more powerful than a .380.
Using blowback operation, the design can be simplified, and lowered in cost; a locking mechanism is unnecessary, since the mass of the slide and strength of the recoil spring are enough to absorb the recoil energy of the round, due to the round's relatively low bolt thrust.
A drawback of the blowback system is that it requires a certain amount of slide mass to counter the recoil of the round used.
The higher the power of the round, the heavier the slide assembly has to be in order for its inertia to safely absorb the recoil, meaning that a typical blowback pistol in a given caliber will be heavier than an equivalent recoil-operated weapon (alternatively, a very stiff spring will work, but will make operating the slide very difficult).
Blowback weapons can be made in calibers larger than .380 ACP, but the required weight of the slide and strength of the spring makes this an unpopular option.
Although the low power of the .380 ACP does not require a locking mechanism, there have been a number of locked-breech pistols chambered in .380 ACP, such as the Remington Model 51, Kel-Tec P3AT and Glock 42; all three being designed to be lighter than blowback-operated .380 ACP weapons.
In 1914, it was used by Gavrilo Princip to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia, the event which is credited with starting World War I.
It was later adopted by the armies of at least five European nations as their standard pistol cartridge before World War II; Czechoslovakia (Vz.38), Hungary (FEMARU 37M), and Italy, all of whom used domestic designs, as well as The Netherlands and Yugoslavia, both of whom adopted the FN Model 1922.
It was also used extensively by Germany, who captured or purchased hundreds of thousands of pistols in this caliber during World War II.
The Italian Army used the Beretta M1934, but the Italian Air Force and Navy stuck with the 7.65mm/.32 ACP when they adopted the Beretta M1935.
While .380 ACP was considered to be a moderately powerful service pistol round before World War II when compared to the .32 ACP pistols it replaced, no nation retained it as a military service cartridge for very long after the war (when it was largely replaced by its more powerful 9×19mm Parabellum cousin).
It was widely used by police forces in Europe until at least the 1980s when more powerful 9×19mm handguns began to replace it in this market as well.
The .380 ACP is compact and light, but has a relatively short range and less stopping power than other modern pistol cartridges.
Even so, it remains a popular self-defense cartridge for shooters who want a lightweight pistol with manageable recoil and/or smaller pistol.
The most powerful weapon in the game, it causes major damage to most types of enemies and can clear an entire room of foes in one use.
The player is unaffected by the splash damage, which makes it possible to use the BFG 9000 safely in close quarters, unlike some of the other powerful weapons.
The BFG's internal game mechanics are two-fold: the actual projectile deals a huge amount of damage, but after that, a large dose of damage is dealt in a cone facing away from the player who fired the shot; this increases the weapon's devastating area-of-effect.
One peculiar quirk about the internal workings of the game code is that it remembers the direction the player fired the shot in, but not the position, meaning that the player is allowed to move far away even into an entirely different room, and still deal damage to whoever is in that room depending on the timing of the projectile's impact.
in Latin form) is a first professional undergraduate academic degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at an accredited university.
degree will be accredited by one of the Engineering Council's professional engineering institutions as suitable for registration as an incorporated engineer or chartered engineer with further study to masters level.
Alternatively, it might be accredited directly by another professional engineering institution, such as the US-based Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
contributes to the route to chartered engineer (UK), registered engineer or licensed professional engineer and has been approved by representatives of the profession.
The degree is awarded by the University of Dublin (its Trinity College Dublin has had a School of Engineering since 1841) and also by the constituent universities of the National University of Ireland (N.U.I.
It is also available as a six-year sandwich course (where students are required to undertake a period of professional placement as a part of the degree) or an eight-year part-time course through some universities.
The Institution of Engineers, Australia (Engineers Australia) accredits degree courses and graduates of accredited courses are eligible for membership of the Institution.
Bachelor of Engineering graduates may commence work as a graduate professional engineer upon graduation, although some may elect to undertake further study such as a Master's or Doctoral degree.
Generally, universities in Bangladesh offer engineering degree in the following branches: Computer Science and Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Industrial and Production Engineering, Information and Communication Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Textile Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Food engineering, Leather Engineering and Agricultural Engineering.
Only those universities which have been approved by these bodies can award degrees which are legally valid and are accepted as qualifiers for jobs in the government and private sector.
The Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), a division of the Engineers Canada, sets out and maintains the standards of accreditation among Canadian undergraduate engineering programs.
Graduates of those programs are deemed by the profession to have the required academic qualifications to be licensed as professional engineers in Canada.
A CEAB-accredited degree is the minimum academic requirement for registration as a professional engineer anywhere in the country and the standard against which all other engineering academic qualifications are measured.
Graduation from an accredited program, which normally involves four years of study, is a required first step to becoming a Professional Engineer.
Regulation and accreditation are accomplished through a self-governing body (the name of which varies from province to province), which is given the power by statute to register and discipline engineers, as well as regulate the field of engineering in the individual provinces.
Graduates of non-CEAB-accredited programs must demonstrate that their education is at least equivalent to that of a graduate of a CEAB-accredited program.
Before 2005, academic universities (see Education in Finland) did not make an administrative distinction between studies on the Bachelor's and Master's level and the Master's level diplomi-insinööri was the first degree to be received.
In India, the Bachelor of Engineering (BE) is a professional undergraduate degree awarded after completion of four years of engineering study.
Institute of national importance, like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and National Institute of Technology (NIT) also offer B.Tech but whichever name is used, the degree course follows the standard curriculum laid down by the University Grants Commission of India (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Board of Accreditation (NBA).
Generally, universities in India offer engineering degree in the following branches: Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Metallurgical Engineering, aeronautical engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Production Engineering, Biochemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Agricultural Engineering.
The University Grants Commission of India (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Board of Accreditation (NBA) are responsible government authorities for approving engineering colleges and branches/courses.
Only those universities which have been approved by these bodies can award degrees which are legally valid and are accepted as qualifiers for jobs in the central/state government and private sector.
The pre-requisite for this course is either Higher Secondary Level (10+2 Science) with Physics Major or Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) in Engineering or Science.
degree in several disciplines such as Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Automobile Engineering, Geomatics Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Agricultural Engineering etc.
However, the maximum time to complete the course is 8 years from the time of registration or 4 years after the normal duration.
After the scrutiny examination of the application/applicants, Nepal Engineering Council provides the Certificate of Registration as a General Engineer which is a must for practicing engineering profession in Nepal.
degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from one of the accredited universities, he/she is registered as a General Electronics and Communication Engineer with Er.
A Dutch BEng involves a study of four years and is only awarded in the field of aeronautical engineering, mechanical engineering, software engineering, industrial engineering or electrical engineering.
Completion of a Dutch engineer's study in the field biochemical engineering, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, material engineering is however awarded with a Bachelor of Applied Science degree.
In Pakistan, Bachelor of Engineering (BE) or Bachelor of science in Engineering (BS/BSc Engineering) is a four years undergraduate professional university degree.
The prerequisite for this program is a two years FSc pre-engineering or a three years Diploma of Associate Engineer (DAE) in specific fields e.g.
Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) is the responsible government body for accreditation of undergraduate engineering degrees, registration of engineers and regulation of engineering profession in Pakistan.
Fearing brand dilution and customer confusion about the similar domain names, eToys sued etoy for trademark infringement, and asked etoy to remove graphic images and profane language from their website that were bringing customer complaints.
The .45 GAP (Glock Auto Pistol) or .45 Glock (11.43×19mm) pistol cartridge was designed by Ernest Durham, an engineer with CCI/Speer, at the request of firearms manufacturer Glock to provide a cartridge that would equal the power of the .45 ACP, have a stronger case head to reduce the possibility of case neck blowouts, and be shorter to fit in a more compact handgun.
The .45 GAP has the same diameter as the .45 ACP pistol cartridge but is slightly shorter, and uses a small-pistol primer instead of the large-pistol primer most commonly used in .45 ACP ammunition.
Since the .45 GAP has a much smaller cartridge volume than the .45 ACP, the desired pressure and resulting velocity needed to be achieved through powder selection alone.
Later development concluded that the .45 GAP could also fire projectiles, as does the .45 ACP; though this puts the .45 GAP cartridge to its limits.
The full-size Glock 37 pistol was introduced by Glock to use the .45 GAP cartridge and was followed by the compact Glock 38 and the subcompact Glock 39.
Magazines for the .45 GAP are of the same dimensions as those that the 9×19mm/.40 S&W/.357 SIG line of pistols use.
Initially, due to its acceptance by law enforcement and the popularity of subcompact handguns for concealed carry, a small number of manufacturers decided to produce pistols that were chambered in .45 GAP, but they no longer produce any pistols in that caliber.
Springfield Armory did make the XD Series (HS2000) in .45 GAP, and indeed it was the first commercially available pistol for it, but discontinued that chambering soon thereafter.
Modern law enforcement as a whole has gone away from .45-caliber weapons in favor of firearms chambered in .40 S&W and 9x19mm.
Three state law enforcement agencies have adopted the .45 GAP as a replacement for their current issue 9×19mm Parabellum (New York) or .40 S&W service handguns (South Carolina and Florida).
The New York State Police, (New York Police have recently completed the transition to 45 ACP for their duty round) South Carolina Highway Patrol, and Florida Highway Patrol have all adopted the Glock 37 and .45 GAP.
Smaller agencies also applied the .45 GAP for duty carry such as the Burden, Kansas, Police Department who carry the Glock 37 and serve a town of 535.
The Greenville, North Carolina, Police Department used the Glock 37, and the Berkeley, Missouri, Police Department also used the Glock 37, to name a few.
The Pennsylvania State Police also carried the Glock 37 from 2007, but, due to ammunition supply problems, replaced them in 2013 with the then-new fourth generation Glock 21 in .45 ACP.
After recall issues with the new fourth generation Glocks, the Pennsylvania State Police switched to the SIG-Sauer P227 in .45 ACP.
Buddhist texts were initially passed on orally by monks, but were later written down and composed as manuscripts in various Indo-Aryan languages which were then translated into other local languages as Buddhism spread.
These religious texts were written in many different languages and scripts but memorizing, reciting and copying the texts were of high value.
According to Donald Lopez, criteria for determining what should be considered buddhavacana (buddha word) were developed at an early stage, and that the early formulations do not suggest that Dharma is limited to what was spoken by the historical Buddha.
A number of different beings such as buddhas, disciples of the buddha, ṛṣis, and devas were considered capable to transmitting buddhavacana.
The content of such a discourse was then to be collated with the sūtras, compared with the Vinaya, and evaluated against the nature of the Dharma.
These texts may then be certified as true buddhavacana by a buddha, a saṃgha, a small group of elders, or one knowledgeable elder.
Some scholars believe that some portions of the Pali Canon and Agamas could contain the actual substance of the historical teachings (and possibly even the words) of the Buddha.
According to Venerable Hsuan Hua from the tradition of Chinese Buddhism, there are five types of beings who may speak the sutras of Buddhism: a buddha, a disciple of a buddha, a deva, a ṛṣi, or an emanation of one of these beings; however, they must first receive certification from a buddha that its contents are true Dharma.
However, the general view of what is and is not buddhavacana is broadly similar between East Asian Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism.
The Tibetan Kangyur, which belongs to the various schools of Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, in addition to containing sutras and vinaya, also contains tantras.
The earliest Buddhist texts were passed down orally in Middle Indo-Aryan languages called Prakrits, including Gāndhārī language, the early Magadhan language and Pali through the use of repetition, communal recitation and mnemonic devices.
The Pali canon was preserved in Sri Lanka where it was first written down in the first century BCE and the Theravadan Pali textual tradition developed there.
The Sri Lankan Pali tradition developed extensive commentaries (Atthakatha) as well as sub-commentaries for the Pali Canon as well as treatises on Abhidhamma.
The earliest known Buddhist manuscripts, recovered from the ancient civilization of Gandhara in north central Pakistan (near Taxila just south west of the capital Islamabad) are dated to the 1st century and constitute the Buddhist textual tradition of Gandharan Buddhism which was an important link between Indian and East Asian Buddhism.
Around the beginning of the Christian era, a new genre of sutra literature began to be written with a focus on the Bodhisattva idea, commonly known as Mahayana (great vehicle) sutras.
Many of the Mahayana sutras were written in Sanskrit and then translated into the Tibetan and Chinese Buddhist canons (the Kangyur and the Taishō Tripiṭaka respectively) which then developed their own textual histories.
The Mahayana sutras are traditionally considered by Mahayanists to be the word of the Buddha, but transmitted either in secret, via lineages of supernatural beings (such as the nagas), or revealed directly from other Buddhas or bodhisattvas.
In the Mahayana tradition there are important works termed Shastras, or treatises which attempt to outline the sutra teachings and defend or expand on them.
The late Seventh century saw the rise of another new class of Buddhist texts, the Tantras, which outlined new ritual practices and yogic techniques such as the use of Mandalas, Mudras and Fire sacrifices.
The division of texts into the traditional three yanas may obscure the process of development that went on, and there is some overlap in the traditional classifications.
Some Mahayana texts are also thought to display a distinctly tantric character, particularly some of the shorter Perfection of Wisdom sutras.
believed either composed or hidden by tantric masters and/or elementally secreted or encoded in the elements and retrieved, accessed or rediscovered by other tantric masters when appropriate.
Some termas are hidden in caves or similar places, but a few are said to be 'mind termas,' which are 'discovered' in the mind of the tertön.
Although many versions of the texts of the early Buddhist schools exist, the only complete collection of texts to survive in a Middle Indo-Aryan language is the Tipiṭaka (triple basket) of the Theravadin school.
The other (parts of) extant versions of the Tripitakas of early schools include the Āgamas, which includes texts by the Sarvastivada and the Dharmaguptaka.
The Chinese Buddhist canon contains a complete collection of early sutras in Chinese translation, their content is very similar to the Pali, differing in detail but not in the core doctrinal content.
There are, of course, those that discuss the monastic rules, how they came about, how they developed, and how they were applied.
Though the Theravādin Abhidhamma is well preserved and best known, a number of the early Eighteen Schools each had their own distinct Abhidharma collection with not very much common textual material, though sharing methodology.
phenomena) are ultimately real, which the Theravada Abhidhamma, for instance, insists, is thought to be an important factor in the origin of the Mahayana.
The Dhyāna sutras (Chan-jing) are a group of early Buddhist meditation texts which contain meditation teachings from the Sarvastivada school along with some early proto-Mahayana meditations.
Pali literature continued to be composed into the modern era, especially in Burma, and writers such as Mahasi Sayadaw translated some of their texts into Pali.
Burmese Buddhist literature developed unique poetic forms form the 1450s onwards, a major type of poetry is the pyui' long and embellished translations of Pali Buddhist works, mainly jatakas.
The nineteenth century saw a flowering of Burmese Buddhist literature in various genres including religious biography, Abhidharma, legal literature and meditation literature.
They do not contain an elaborate philosophical argument, but simply try to point to the true nature of reality, especially through the use of paradox.
The basic premise is a radical non-dualism, in which every and any dichotomist way of seeing things is denied: so phenomena are neither existent, nor non-existent, but are marked by sunyata, emptiness, an absence of any essential unchanging nature.
Probably composed in its earliest form in the period 100 bce–100 ce, the sutra proposes that the three yanas (Shravakayana, Pratyekabuddhayana, and Bodhisattvayana) are not in fact three different paths leading to three goals, but one path, with one goal.
Notable for the (re)appearance of the Buddha Prabhutaratna, who had died several aeons earlier, because it suggests that a Buddha is not inaccessible after his parinirvana, and also that his life-span is said to be inconceivably long because of the accumulation of merit in past lives.
They list the forty-eight vows made by Amitabha as a bodhisattva by which he undertook to build a Pure Land where beings are able to practise the Dharma without difficulty or distraction.
The sutras state that beings can be reborn there by pure conduct and by practices such as thinking continuously of Amitabha, praising him, recounting his virtues, and chanting his name.
These Pure Land sutras and the practices they recommend became the foundations of Pure Land Buddhism, which focus on the salvific power of faith in the vows of Amitabha.
Composed in its earliest form some time before 150 CE, the Bodhisattva Vimalakirti appears in the guise of a layman in order to teach the Dharma.
Doctrinally similar to the Perfection of Wisdom texts, a major theme is the Buddhafield (Buddha-kshetra), which was influential on Pure Land schools.
Amongst the very earliest Mahayana texts, the Samadhi Sutras are a collection of sutras focused on the attainment of profound states of consciousness reached in meditation, perhaps suggesting that meditation played an important role in early Mahayana.
It is this Buddha nature, Buddha Essence or Buddha Principle, this aspect of every being that is itself already enlightened, that enables beings to be liberated.
The Tathagatagarbha doctrine was very influential in East Asian Buddhism, and the idea in one form or another can be found in most of its schools.
These include a number of sutras that focus on actions that lead to existence in the various spheres of existence, or that expound the doctrine of the twelve links of pratitya-samutpada or dependent-origination.
This is a large number of sutras that describe the nature and virtues of a particular Buddha or Bodhisattva and/or their Pure Land, including Mañjusri, Ksitigarbha, the Buddha Akshobhya, and Bhaishajyaguru also known as the Medicine Buddha.
However, the sutra also has an Arahant seeing all the Buddha fields, it is said that reciting the name of the sutra will save beings from suffering and the hell realms, and a meditative practice is described that allows the practitioner to see with the eyes of a Buddha, and to receive teachings from them that are very much typical of Mahayana Sutras.
It's authorship to Nagarjuna however has been questioned by modern scholars and it only survives in the Chinese translation by Kumārajīva (344–413 CE) .
Unlike the Da zhidu lun, it was studied and transmitted in both the East Asian Buddhist and the Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
Shantideva also produced the Shikshasamuccaya, which is a compendium of doctrines from a huge range of Mahayana Sutras – some of which no longer exist and therefore are known only through his quotes.
Dignāga is associated with a school of Buddhist logic that tried to establish which texts were valid sources of knowledge (see also Epistemology).
The early period of the development of Chinese Buddhism was concerned with the collection and translation of texts into Chinese and the creation of the Chinese Buddhist canon.
The Tripitaka Koreana, which was crafted in two versions (the first one was destroyed by fire during the Mongol invasions of Korea), is a Korean collection of the Tripitaka carved onto 81,258 wooden printing blocks during the 13th century.
After the arrival of Chinese Buddhism in Japan, Korea and Vietnam; they developed their own traditions and literature in the local language.
They are considered to be the word of the Buddha (Buddhavacana), and the Tibetan Kangyur contains translations of almost 500 tantras.
This is a small class of texts that probably emerged after the 6th century and are entirely centred on the worship of the Buddha Vairocana.
The Shurangama Sutra and the Shurangama Mantra from which it (called the Shitatapatra Ushnisha Dharani) comes can be included in this category.
The primary wrathful Goddess of the Shurangamma Mantra tantric practice is the Great White Umbrella Deity form of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, an important practice in Tibetan Buddhism.
Textual evidence suggests that some of these texts are in fact Shaivite Tantras adopted and adapted to Buddhist purposes, and many similarities in iconography and ritual can be seen in them.
A sadhana is a tantric spiritual practices text used by practitioners, primarily to practice the mandala or a particular yidam, or meditation deity.
Padmasambhava and Yeshe Tsogyal wrote and hid most termas, although texts have also been hidden by figures such as Machig Labdron.
Namtar, or spiritual biographies, are another popular form of Tibetan Buddhist texts, whereby the teachings and spiritual path of a practitioner are explained through a review of their lifestory.
Greatest Hits (titled on the back cover as Greatest Hits 87-92) is the second greatest hits album by Australian-born singer Kylie Minogue.
The release ruffled some feathers in the Kylie camp, in particular the cover which depicts a supposed look-alike dressed in her underwear.
An 'official' cover, designed by Kylie and her team was made available to download from her website and was also given away free inside copies of Heat magazine.
A version of the compilation titled Best Of was also released in France, but withdrawn from sale on day of release.
When in use, a beam of light enters face AB, is refracted and undergoes total internal reflection from face BC, and is refracted again on exiting face AC.
The prism is designed such that one particular wavelength of the light exits the prism at a deviation angle (relative to the light's original path) of exactly 60°.
By rotating the prism (in the plane of the diagram) around any point O on the face AB, the wavelength which is deviated by 60° can be selected.
The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole (pump action) and inversely proportional to the compliance (similar to Elasticity) of the aorta.
The aorta has the highest compliance in the arterial system due in part to a relatively greater proportion of elastin fibers versus smooth muscle and collagen.
This serves the important function of damping the pulsatile (max pump pressure) output of the left ventricle, thereby reducing the initial systolic pulse pressure but slightly raising the subsequent diastolic phase (a period rather similar to Dwell time).
If the aorta becomes rigid because of disorders such as arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis, the pulse pressure would be very high because the aorta becomes less compliant due to the formation of rigid lesions to the (otherwise flexible) aorta wall.
The pulse pressure increases with exercise due to increased stroke volume, healthy values being up to pulse pressures of about 100 mmHg, simultaneously as total peripheral resistance drops during exercise.
This behavior facilitates a much greater increase in stroke volume and cardiac output at a lower mean arterial pressure and enables much greater aerobic capacity and physical performance.
The diastolic drop reflects a much greater fall in total peripheral resistance of the muscle arterioles in response to the exercise (a greater proportion of red versus white muscle tissue).
Individuals with larger BMIs due to increased muscle mass (body builders) have also been shown to have lower diastolic pressures and larger pulse pressures.
If the usual resting pulse pressure is consistently greater than 100 mmHg, the most likely basis is stiffness of the major arteries, aortic regurgitation (a leak in the aortic valve), arteriovenous malformation (an extra path for blood to travel from a high pressure artery to a low pressure vein without the gradient of a capillary bed), hyperthyroidism or some combination.
While some drugs for hypertension have the side effect of increasing resting pulse pressure irreversibly, other antihypertensive drugs, such as ACE Inhibitors, have been shown to lower pulse pressure.
A high resting pulse pressure is harmful and tends to accelerate the normal aging of body organs, particularly the heart, the brain and kidneys.
A high pulse pressure combined with bradycardia and an irregular breathing pattern is associated with increased intracranial pressure and should be reported to a physician immediately.
This is known as Cushing's triad and can be seen in patients after head trauma related to intracranial hemorrhage or edema.
A meta-analysis in 2000, which combined the results of several studies of 8,000 elderly patients in all, found that a 10 mm Hg increase in pulse pressure increased the risk of major cardiovascular complications and mortality by nearly 20%.
The authors of the meta-analysis suggest that this helps to explain the apparent increase in risk sometimes associated with low diastolic pressure, and warn that some medications for high blood pressure may actually increase the pulse pressure and the risk of heart disease.
If the patient suffers from elevated pulse pressure, treatment may include medications that address this factor, such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor).
A 2005 study found that 5 mg of folate (Vitamin B9) daily over a three-week period reduced pulse pressure by 4.7 mm of Hg compared with a placebo, and concluded that folic acid is an effective supplement that targets large artery stiffness and may prevent isolated systolic hypertension.
A longer-term (2 year) study in 158 clinically healthy siblings of patients with premature atherothrombotic disease also found an effect of folic acid (5 mg) plus pyridoxine (Vitamin B6, 250 mg) on pulse pressure, but the effect was not independent of mean arterial blood pressure, and there was no effect on common carotid artery stiffness.
After his parents divorced, his mother married Eugene Addis, a Miami Beach police officer with five sons, and moved Rourke, his younger brother (Joey), and their sister (Patricia) to South Florida.
At age 12, Rourke won his first boxing match as a flyweight, fighting some of his early matches under the name Phil Rourke.
Rodriguez was the number one–rated middleweight boxer in the world and was training for his match with world champion Nino Benvenuti.
From 1964 to 1973, Rourke compiled an amateur boxing record of 27 wins (including 12 straight knockouts) and 3 defeats, which included a first-round knockout win over John Carver and decision victories over Ronnie Carter and Javier Villanueva.
Borrowing $400 from his sister, he moved to New York, working an assortment of odd jobs while studying with Actors Studio alumni Walter Lott and Sandra Seacat.
During his boxing career, Rourke suffered a number of injuries, including a broken nose, toe, and ribs, a split tongue, and a compressed cheekbone.
Rourke's boxing career resulted in a notable physical change in the 1990s, as his face needed reconstructive surgery to mend his injuries.
The opponent later stated that he threw the fight, having been promised payment to take a dive in the second round.
He trained under former WWE wrestler Afa the Wild Samoan for the part, and has received a BAFTA award, a Golden Globe award, an Independent Spirit Award, and an Oscar nomination as Best Actor.
Rourke was pessimistic about his chances to win the Oscar, as he had burned many bridges in Hollywood as a result of his past behavior.
Though he had little screen time, his performance was met with rave reviews and cited as one of the film's highlights.
Just before the end of the year, he confirmed on a British TV talk show that he would play Gareth Thomas in an upcoming film about the Welsh rugby star who came out as gay the previous year.
Doherty, a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, was wanted by UK authorities for his part in an ambush using an M60 machine gun which killed a member of Britain's elite Special Air Service in Belfast, Northern Ireland in 1980.
Doherty was later arrested and charged for his part in the attack but escaped with seven other prisoners after holding a prison officer hostage and engaging in a shoot-out with members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary.
He also expressed his astonishment that Islamic fundamentalists were allowed to continue their activities in the UK after the 7 July 2005 London bombings.
In August 2014, Rourke came under scrutiny for purchasing and wearing a T-shirt bearing the likeness of Russian President Vladimir Putin at a time when most of the Western world was criticizing and sanctioning Russia for its violations of Ukrainian sovereignty.
A spay/neuter advocate, Rourke participated in a protest outside a pet shop in 2007 and has done a public service announcement for PETA.
The ones that are here, the ones that aren't here anymore because sometimes when a man's alone, that's all you got is your dog.
At the time of his Golden Globes tribute to his pets, Rourke owned five chihuahuas: Loki, Jaws, Ruby Baby, La Negra and Bella Loca.
He also appeared in a Japanese TV commercial for Suntory Reserve (early '90s) and a commercial for Daihatsu and Lark cigarettes.
Rourke's portrayal of Marcinko was a source of humorous praise from a few critics (although many others criticized Rourke's role to the same degree that they did every other aspect of the game).
or 9×22mm in unofficial metric notation) is the product of Swiss-German firearms manufacturer SIG Sauer, in cooperation with ammunition manufacturer Federal Cartridge.
Other than specialized competition cartridges like the 9×25mm Dillon (1988), which necked a 10mm Auto case down to a 9 mm bullet, the .357 SIG (1994) was the first modern bottleneck commercial handgun cartridge since the early 1960s, when Winchester introduced a .257 caliber round based on the .357 Magnum, the now obsolete .256 Winchester Magnum (1960).
Then Remington introduced the unsuccessful .22 Remington Jet (1961), which necked a .357 Magnum case down to a .22 caliber bullet, and the .221 Remington Fireball (1963), a shortened version of their .222 Remington.
Soon after the .357 SIG, other bottleneck commercial handgun cartridges appeared: the .400 Corbon (1996), necking the .45 ACP down to .40 caliber; the .440 Corbon (1998), necking down the .50 AE to .44 caliber; the .32 NAA (2002), necking the .380 ACP down to .32 caliber; and the .25 NAA (2004), necking the .32 ACP down to .25 caliber.
Due to its expense, as .357 SIG practice ammo is about twice the cost of 9mm and around 50% more than .40 S&W, .357 SIG never achieved widespread adoption like .40 S&W.
The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406 mm (1 in 16 in), 6 grooves, Ø lands=8.71 mm, Ø grooves=9.02 mm, land width=2.69 mm and the primer type is small pistol.
This is due to the cartridge having been originally designed as a .357 (9.02mm) round, but then rapidly adapted to the .355 (9mm) bullet.
(Commission Internationale Permanente Pour L'Epreuve Des Armes A Feu Portatives) 2008 revised documents, the .357 SIG headspaces on the case mouth (H2).
However, the cartridge and chamber drawing in the ANSI/SAAMI American National Standards also clearly shows the cartridge headspacing on the cartridge mouth.
While it is based on a .40 S&W case necked down to accept bullets, the .357 SIG cartridge case is slightly longer than .40 S&W by to total.
Most .40 S&W pistols can be converted to .357 SIG by replacing the barrel, but sometimes the recoil spring must also be changed.
and the SAAMI pressure limits for .40 S&W are 225 MPa and 35,000 psi), and may not be suitable for use in all .40 S&W-chambered pistols due to the increase in bolt thrust.
Loads are available with energies from to , and penetration depths from to over are available for various applications and risk assessments.
Because of its relatively high velocity for a handgun round, the .357 SIG has an unusually flat trajectory, extending the effective range.
The Virginia State Police has reported that attacking dogs have been stopped dead in their tracks by a single shot, whereas the former 147 grain 9 mm duty rounds would require multiple shots to incapacitate the animals.
Proponents of the hydrostatic shock theory contend that the energy available in the .357 SIG is sufficient for imparting hydrostatic shock with well-designed bullets.
This is because the bullet is channeled through the larger chamber before being seated entirely as the slide goes into full battery.
Flat point bullets are seldom used with other autoloader firearms because of feeding problems; however, such bullets are commonly seen in the .357 SIG chambering and are quite reliable, as are hollow-point bullets.
The goal of the .357 SIG project was to offer a level of performance equal to the highly effective .357 Magnum load.
Measurements of standard factory .357 SIG cartridges loaded with bullets showed approximate muzzle velocities of out of a barrel, which is essentially identical to the .357 Magnum with the same bullet weight and barrel length.
These measurements were performed with a Thompson Center Encore 1842 break-action, single-shot pistol/rifle, preventing differing barrel length definitions between semi-automatic pistols and revolvers giving revolvers a potential muzzle velocity advantage.
This simple approach to recoil is incomplete since the properties of the bullet alone do not determine the felt recoil, but also the rocket-like blast of propellant gases coming out of the barrel after the bullet leaves the muzzle.
A more accurate view on recoil is that it is proportional to the mass of all ejecta × velocity of ejecta.
Of course, other considerations affect the user's perceived recoil, such as the weight of the weapon, front to back balance, moving mass, height difference between the shooter's grip parallel to the barrel, and grip.
In comparing the energy levels of premium self-defense ammunition, the muzzle energy of of the .357 SIG load is greater than either the generated by a Speer GoldDot .40 S&W load or the generated by a Speer GoldDot .40 S&W load.
Like the 10mm Auto, the .357 SIG can be down-loaded to reduce recoil to the point where recoil is similar to that of a 9×19mm Parabellum.
However, since the .357 SIG uses bullets that are generally the same as those used in the 9 mm Para, downloading it to this point would defeat the purpose of fielding the SIG cartridge, as the .357 SIG casing was designed to handle up to 160 gr bullets whereas the less-powerful 9mm maxes out at 147 gr bullet weight in subsonic loads.
Because the .357 SIG fires at relatively high pressures, muzzle flash and report can be significant with standard loads, even with longer barrels.
Many police departments who have utilized the .357 SIG round found that the flash was so significant that night vision was affected.
In 1994, Sig released the P229 pistol, the first production handgun introduced that was chambered in .357 SIG and specifically designed to handle the higher pressures of that round.
From 1991 to 1998, the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) issued either the SIG Sauer P220 in .45 ACP or the SIG Sauer P226 in 9mm Parabellum at the Trooper's discretion.
In 1998, the Texas DPS transitioned to the all-steel, full-sized (34.0 oz) SIG Sauer P226 chambered in the .357 SIG cartridge as the sole choice of pistol for commissioned officers.
In doing so, the Texas DPS became the first government agency to deploy a firearm utilizing the then relatively new .357 SIG chambering.
The ability to carry more rounds per magazine (9mm vs. .357 SIG) in a lighter gun were among the stated reasons for the change.
That transition was suspended after recruits in the A-2014 class, the first to train with the new S&W M&P 9mm polymer handguns, experienced numerous malfunctions with those weapons.
The Bedford Heights Police Department in Ohio has issued the gen3 Glock 31/32/33 since 2008 and are currently testing gen4 Glock 31s.
The Elloree Police Department in South Carolina also issues the Glock 31 in .357 SIG, and the Madison Police Department in Madison, WV issues the Glock 32 in .357 SIG.
Both the New Mexico State Police and the North Carolina State Highway Patrol use SIG Sauer P229s chambered in .357 SIG.
In July 2014 it was announced that the North Carolina State Highway Patrol will equip its 1,600 officers with the SIG Sauer P226 in .357 SIG.
Ottawa, Kansas Police Department carried the Glock 31 .357 SIG, but has since moved to the Glock 17 GEN 4 9mm.
In 2003 the Pennsylvania Game Commission began issuing its Game Wardens Glock 31 gen3 pistols chambered in .357 SIG, but in late 2019 will be transitioning to Glock 31 gen4 chambered in the same caliber.
The Barcelona Metro (Catalan and Spanish: ) is an extensive network of rapid transit electrified railway lines that run mostly underground in central Barcelona and into the city's suburbs.
It is part of the larger public transport system of Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, with unified fares under the (ATM) scheme.
Two lines, L9 and L10 are being built at present, with both lines having different sections of each opened between 2009 and 2016.
Three lines on the network have opened as automatic train operation/driverless vehicle systems since 2009: Line 11, Line 9 and Line 10, in chronological order.
This third one was built between the Plaça de Catalunya and la Bordeta to link the city centre with the Plaça d'Espanya and Montjuïc, the site of the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition.
Today the network consists of 12 lines managed by 2 different operators: Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC, or Catalan Government Railways).
Fares and nomenclature are controlled by the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità, a citywide system that also includes local and regional buses, tramways and some commuter and regional train services.
The major network, operated by TMB, consists of eight lines, numbered L1 to L5 and L9 to L11 (which are distinguished on network maps by different colours), covering of route and 141 stations.
The Barcelona Metro lines do not have a name of their own but are generally referred to by their colour or by the number and the names of their termini.
In addition to those, Renfe and FGC trains and the increasingly important Trambaix and Trambesòs routes and stations are displayed on most recent maps, including the info maps in the metro stations, all in a single variety of dark green.
Construction work is taking place currently on L9/L10, which will run from Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramenet to the Zona Franca district and El Prat International Airport.
The lines, which share a central section between Bon Pastor and Torrassa (L1), will be the longest automated metro line in Europe, at , and will have 52 stations.
The project was approved in 2000 but has been challenged by some technical difficulties and some of their sections are pending further geological analysis.
The first section of Line 9 that runs between La Sagrera and Can Zam opened in 2009, and by June 2010 eleven new stations on the new Lines L9 and L10 had opened.
At the end of 2018, there are currently 187 operational stations in the Barcelona Metro, served by the 12 lines in current use.
An overwhelming majority of stations in the network lack related buildings or structures aboveground, mostly consisting of an access with stairs, escalators or elevators.
The official TMB metro indicator, a red rhombus with a M inside, remains unused by FGC lines, which use their company logo and a different rhombus-shaped logo (actually rather similar to the one used inside the Madrid Metro) inside stations.
A number of stations in the network have been closed, were never inaugurated, or have been moved to a nearby location.
A project of improvements is gradually adding more lifts from street level to ticket office level and then from ticket office level to the platforms, though some stations remain without access.
FGC is developing Sabadell Metro and Terrassa Metro as extensions of its network in the large cities of Sabadell and Terrassa respectively.
It was introduced as Section 11 of the Air Corps Act, passed by the Congress of the United States on July 2, 1926.
A need to recognize acts of heroism in 1922 resulted in the War Department's issuing orders for acts of bravery during peacetime.
The Secretary of War directed that the Quartermaster General prepare and submit appropriate designs of the Soldier's Medal per letter signed by The Adjutant General dated 11 August 1926.
The first Soldier's Medals were awarded on October 17, 1927 to John F. Burns and James P. Martin for their heroism during a fire and to James K. Wilson and Cleophas C. Burnett for saving people from drowning.
The Soldier's Medal is considered to be equivalent to the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, Coast Guard Medal, and Airman's Medal which was authorized on 10 August 1956 to replace the Soldier's Medal awarded to U.S. Air Force personnel by the Army since 26 September 1947.
It is the highest honor a soldier can receive for an act of valor in a non-combat situation, held to be equal to or greater than the level which would have justified an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross had the act occurred in combat.
Any enlisted American servicemember who is eligible for retirement pay will receive an increase of 10 percent in retirement pay, if the level of valor was equal to that which would earn the Distinguished Service Cross.
Additional awards of the medal are denoted by oak leaf clusters worn on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal.
The bronze medal is issued as a 1 3/8 inch wide Bronze octagon with an eagle displayed, standing on a fasces, between two groups of stars of six and seven, above the group of six a spray of leaves.
The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes: 3/8 inch Ultramarine Blue 67118 on each side and the center containing 13 White and Red stripes of equal width (7 White 67101 and 6 Old Glory Red 67156).
The band toured on both side of the Atlantic many times, including headline tours and support tours with Bush, Live, Linkin Park, and Iggy Pop.
The Voice of Russia (), commonly abbreviated VOR, was the Russian government's international radio broadcasting service from 1993 until 2014, when it was reorganised as Radio Sputnik.
Until 2005, the programme was presented by Joe Adamov, who was known for his command of the English language and his good humour.
Several reports published in 2013 claimed that The Voice of Russia was to cease its shortwave radio service as of 1 January 2014 due to budget cuts.
The service had continued to be available worldwide via the internet, in selected regions on satellite, and in several cities on FM, AM (in North America) or local digital radio.
On 10 November 2014, The Voice of Russia was replaced by Radio Sputnik, part of the Sputnik News multimedia platform operated by Rossiya Segodnya.
The Voice of Russia had broadcast in short, medium and longwave formats, in DAB+, Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), HD Radio, as well as through cable, satellite transmission, and in mobile networks.
A digital stamp in crafting, stamping, card making and scrapbooking is a digital image printed onto paper from the user's printer.
Digital stamps offer many advantages over traditional rubber stamps because of their ability to be flipped, resized, rotated and easily stored.
In addition, digital stamps can be printed on a variety of papers and cardstocks, and when properly heat sealed can be used with a variety of coloring mediums including colored pencil, copic markers, even watercolors.
A digital stamp, in mail or philately, is similar to a conventional postage stamp except it is resident on or in a computer.
Paper/hard copies of documents continue to be popular because they can be signed/initialed/remarked on in a manner that is unique and traceable to the reviewer.
A digital stamp seeks to duplicate or replace this and enable a paperless exchange of information that still manages to have a verifiable comment and review.
The school sends many students to the best universities and colleges in Japan, including the University of Tokyo, Kyoto University and other public and private schools.
The school is well known in Japan for its baseball team, which usually participates in and frequently wins the Koshien Tournament for high school baseball.
The school celebrated the 20th anniversary of its exchange program with St Leonards College in November 2007, and with Thomas Jefferson in 2013.
Augusta Hall, Baroness Llanover (21 March 1802 – 17 January 1896), born Augusta Waddington, was a Welsh heiress, best known as a patron of the Welsh arts.
He was created a baronet in 1838, and entered the House of Lords in 1859 under Prime Minister Palmerston as Baron Llanover.
Her sister, Frances, had previously married a German ambassador to Great Britain, Baron Bunsen, whose social circle was also interested in Celtic subjects and culture.
She structured her household at Llanover Hall on what she considered to be Welsh traditions and gave all her staff Welsh titles and Welsh costume to wear.
Her husband shared her concern for the preservation of the heritage of Wales, and campaigned for the Welsh to be able to hear church services conducted in the Welsh language.
She probably commissioned a series of watercolours of Welsh costumes which illustrate costumes worn by women in south Wales and Cardiganshire, 13 of which were reproduced as hand-coloured prints soon after 1834 (but were not published with the essay).
These were little more than fashion prints for herself and friends to create dresses for themselves and their servants to be worn on special occasions, especially fancy dress balls.
She did encourage the production of traditional stripes and checks in woollen cloth and offered prizes for good examples of these at Eisteddfodau, but there were few entrants, with the weaver of Gwenfrwd mill, on her own estate, taking many of the prizes.
Her other interests included cookery ('The First Principles of Good Cookery' published in 1867) and folk music; she encouraged the production and use of the traditional Welsh triple harp, employing a resident harpist at Llanover Hall.
She was a patron of the Welsh Manuscripts Society, of the Welsh Collegiate Institution at Llandovery, funded the compilation of a Welsh dictionary by Daniel Silvan Evans.
She bought Welsh manuscripts of Taliesin Williams, Taliesin ab Iolo and the collection of Iolo Morganwg (Edward Williams) (now held in the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff).
Another main interest of hers was the temperance movement to which end she closed all the public houses on her estate, sometimes opening a modest temperance inn in their place, such as Y Seren Gobaith ('the Star of Hope') temperance inn, which replaced the Red Lion at Llanellen.
Closely associated with her temperance work was religion in the form of militant Protestantism and she endowed two Calvinistic Methodist churches in the Abercarn area, with services conducted in the Welsh language, but a liturgy based on the Book of Common Prayer.
Only one of their daughters survived to adulthood: Augusta, who in 1846 married Arthur Jones of Llanarth, of an old Roman Catholic family.
Hall, who was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford and was admitted to the bar in Lincoln's Inn in 1801.
In December of that year he married Charlotte the daughter of Ironmaster Richard Crawshay, becoming a partner in the Cyfarthfa Ironworks and owner of Hensol Castle and the Abercarn estate.
He was the first great industrialist to enter Parliament serving as MP for Totnes from 1806 to 1812, for Westbury from 1812 to 1814, and for Glamorganshire from then until his death.
As soon as he was elected MP for Glamorgan he was admitted a Freemason and promoted to Provincial Grand Master of South Wales.
Hall's son was Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover, a civil engineer and politician who as Commissioner of Works was notable for the construction of the Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster.
Programmed Airline Reservations System (PARS) is an IBM proprietary large scale airline reservation application, a computer reservations system, executing under the control of IBM Airline Control Program (ACP) (and later its successor, Transaction Processing Facility (TPF)).
By the 1960s, with the American Airlines SABRE reservations system up and running, IBM offered its expertise to other airlines, and soon developed Deltamatic for Delta Air Lines on the IBM 7074, and PANAMAC for Pan American World Airways using an IBM 7080.
By 1967/8 IBM generalized its airline reservations work into the PARS system, which ran on the larger members of the IBM System/360 family and which could support the largest airlines' needs at that time (e.g.
In the early 1970s IBM modified its PARS reservations system so it could accommodate the smaller regional airlines on smaller members of the 370 systems family.
In the early days of automated reservations systems in the 1960s and 1970s the combination of ACP and PARS provided unprecedented scale and performance from an on-line real-time system, and for a considerable period ranked among the largest networks and systems of the era.
In the early 1970s major US banks were developing major on-line teleprocessing applications systems and were in urgent need of ACP's high performance capabilities.
This system was used by the great majority of large airlines in the US and internationally; and its smaller 1970's version was used by many smaller regional airlines.
PARS (and IPARS) was extremely successful, and it massively improved and revolutionized the efficiency of airlines passenger operations and their profitability.
However, when she finished in 1984, she decided to focus her attention on Drama, attending the University of Windsor School of Dramatic Arts in Windsor, Ontario.
Karl Buechner (born December 23, 1970) is an American musician from Syracuse, New York, best known as the frontman for the metalcore band Earth Crisis.
In the mid- to late 1990s, Buechner attained a great popularity within the hardcore music scene as the frontman of Earth Crisis due to their outspoken advocacy for the straight edge and vegan lifestyles.
In his early teens, Buechner got into punk rock through his cousin and skateboarding, becoming a fan of bands such as the Dead Kennedys and Subhumans, as well as having traveled to other cities to participate in skate competitions.
Many of Buechner' skater friends started using drugs and alcohol, one of whom died while others were progressively affected, which motivated him to become straight edge.
His and other Earth Crisis members' families also suffered from tragedies and random acts of violence at the time, including robberies.
He became a pescetarian at the age of sixteen after his sister handed him a PETA magazine with photographs of caged animals in a slaughterhouse.
He attended college to become a history teacher with the intention of supporting a career in music or sports, but left it after two years when Earth Crisis was signed by Victory Records.
He kept the idea of the group alive and continued writing songs, restarting them in 1991 as the new vocalist and releasing five further albums.
In early 2001, he began singing for Freya (formatively titled Nemesis and End Begins after EC songs) with two members of Earth Crisis plus two other members.
They were named for the Norse goddess of fertility and their lyrics took inspiration from history, mythology and more personal issues, without addressing veganism or straight edge directly because not all members follow the lifestyles.
Since 2008, he is the frontman of the supergroup Vehement Serenade along with Mike Couls (Cro-Mags, Skarhead, Cold as Life), Jamin Hunt (Sworn Enemy), Eddie Ortiz (Subzero) and Pauly Antignani (Sworn Enemy).
Since 2017, he is also the frontman of Apocalypse Tribe and they released a split album with Rob Aston's Death March in August 25.
Karl Buechner has been cited as an influence by artists such as Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, Greg Bennick of Trial and Sean Ingram of Coalesce.
In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.
In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.
In the context of a chemical reaction the term neutralization is used for a reaction between an acid and a base or alkali.
The statement is still valid as long as it is understood that in an aqueous solution the substances involved are subject to dissociation, which changes the substances ionization state.
Electrical charges are omitted from generic expressions such as this, as each species A, AH, B, or BH may or may not carry an electrical charge.
After an acid AH has been neutralized there are no molecules of the acid (or hydrogen ions produced by dissociation of the molecule) left in solution.
When an acid is neutralized the amount of base added to it must be equal the amount of acid present initially.
For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide the sodium and chloride ions, Na and Cl take no part in the reaction.
The pH of such a solution is close to a value of 7; the exact pH value is dependent on the temperature of the solution.
The most suitable indicator to use for this type of titration is one, like Methyl orange, that changes color at low pH.
Either a pH meter or a pH indicator which shows the point of neutralization by a distinct color change can be employed.
Simple stoichiometric calculations with the known volume of the unknown and the known volume and molarity of the added chemical gives the molarity of the unknown.
In wastewater treatment, chemical neutralization methods are often applied to reduce the damage that an effluent may cause upon release to the environment.
These are designed to neutralize excess gastric acid in the stomach (HCl) that may be causing discomfort in the stomach or lower esophagus.
In chemical synthesis of nanomaterials, the heat of neutralization reaction can be used to facilitate the chemical reduction of metal precursors.
In order for the nutrients to be absorbed through the intestinal wall, an alkaline environment is needed, so the pancreas produce an antacid bicarbonate to cause this transformation to occur.
Fertilizers that improve plant growth are made by neutralizing sulfuric acid (HSO) or nitric acid (HNO) with ammonia gas (NH), making ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate.
Industrially, a by-product of the burning of coal, sulfur dioxide gas, may combine with water vapor in the air to eventually produce sulfuric acid, which falls as acid rain.
A suspension of lime is then injected into the mixture to produce a slurry, which removes the calcium sulfite and any remaining unreacted sulfur dioxide.
A groom or stable boy (stable hand, stable lad) is a person who is responsible for some or all aspects of the management of horses and/or the care of the stables themselves.
The term most often refers to a person who is the employee of a stable owner, but an owner of a horse may perform the duties of a groom, particularly if the owner only possesses a few horses.
Grooms may be employed in private residences or in professional horse training facilities such as stables, agistment properties and riding academies.
A groom in private service is expected to be 'on call' during specified hours in case any member of the employer's family wishes to ride.
Grooms whose employers are involved in horse sports or horse racing are often required to travel with their employers to provide support services during competitions.
The services required vary with the type of competition and range from simply ensuring that the horse is ready for the start of the competition to warming the horse up beforehand.
At a horse show, grooms outside of the ring perform standard grooming tasks, but if utilized inside the show ring are generally defined as an individual called in to assist an exhibitor with a horse while in competition.
In combined driving the groom is the passenger and at speed is required to shift his weight to balance the carriage.
Stablehand is a more old-fashioned term; the variation stableman usually applies to an experienced adult, the lowest rank stableboy (corresponding to the first origin of groom) rather to a minor and/or trainee.
In many cases the head groom has complete responsibility for the horses including devising training schedules, choosing feeds for optimum nutrition and ensuring the horses are shod, wormed, inoculated and provided with timely veterinary care.
Several other words originally denoting other (often much higher) titles, notably Constable, Equerry and Marshal, have developed into terms for those working with horses.
It is named after the surname of the Earls and Dukes of Bedford; the freehold remains with the Bedford Estate, though the square is managed by Camden Council.
One of the bombings was on a London Underground train between King's Cross St Pancras tube station and Russell Square tube station, and another was on a bus on Tavistock Square, near Russell Square.
The square is named after the surname of the Earls and Dukes of Bedford, who developed the family's London landholdings in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Other past residents include the famous 19th-century architectural father-and-son partnership, Philip and Philip Charles Hardwick, who lived at number 60 in the 1850s.
Those to the west are occupied by the University of London, and there is a blue plaque on one at the north-west corner commemorating the fact that T. S. Eliot worked there from the late 1920s when he was poetry editor of Faber & Faber.
In 1998, the London Mathematical Society moved from rooms in Burlington House to De Morgan House, at 57–58 Russell Square, in order to accommodate staff expansion.
The Cabmen's Shelter Fund was established in London in 1875 to run shelters for the drivers of hansom cabs and later hackney carriages (and taxicabs).
In 2002, the square was re-landscaped in a style based on the original early 19th century layout by Humphry Repton (1752–1818).
Since 2004, the two buildings on the southern side, at numbers 46 and 47, have been occupied by the Huron University USA in London (now the London campus for EF International Language Centres and is the Centre for Professional Students over the age of 25).
One of them was on a London Underground train at that moment running between King's Cross St Pancras tube station and Russell Square tube station, and another was on a bus on Tavistock Square, near Russell Square.
SabreTalk programs are still running in the British Airways Flight Operations system (FICO), although a commercially available automatic converter is being used to translate SabreTalk programs to C programs.
Both the Reservations and Operations Support System (OSS) of Delta Air Lines were developed using both SabreTalk and IBM 360 Assembler.
Although development is currently restricted to C++, the majority of Delta's programming platform remained in Sabretalk until recently in the 2010s.
from SabreTalk to C and because it is no longer supported by the original developers, several companies are beginning the move away from SabreTalk to purely C-based programs.
It was founded in 1978 and defined itself as abertzale, left-wing, socialist, and supported the independence of the Greater Basque Country.
It was refounded as Batasuna in 2001 and subsequently outlawed by the Spanish Supreme Court for being considered the political wing of the terrorist Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA).
Herri Batasuna's founding convention was held in Lekeitio, home of Santiago Brouard, who was then the leader of HASI (Herriko Alderdi Sozialista Iraultzailea or Revolutionary Socialist People's Party).
The party won 150,000 votes in the Basque Country (15%) and 22,000 additional votes in Navarre (9%) in its first Spanish general election in March 1979.
The same happened in 1980 in the first elections to the Basque Parliament, in which HB stood as a second political force, with 151,636 votes (16.55%), winning 11 seats.
Another well-known Herri Batasuna leader, , was also killed by members of the neo-fascist Bases Autónomas in 1989, while he was in a hotel in Madrid.
Since its foundation, Herri Batasuna ran for every election in the Basque Country and in Navarre, as well as in Spanish general elections (from 1979 to 1996) and the European elections of 1987, 1989 and 1994.
Herri Batasuna refused to participate in many of the institutions it won seats in, with the exception of local town halls.
The soil is a sandy moraine, the last tip of the Salpausselkä ridge, and vegetation consists mainly of pine and low shrubs.
However, the Soviets evacuated their 25,000 soldiers in the area during the Continuation War and it was retaken by the Finns and the Swedish Volunteer Battalion in December 1941.
Circus, Barnum & Bailey Circus, Ringling Bros., Barnum & Bailey or simply Ringling was an American traveling circus company billed as The Greatest Show on Earth.
Known as Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows, the circus started in 1919 when the Barnum & Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth, a circus created by P. T. Barnum and James Anthony Bailey, was merged with the Ringling Bros. World's Greatest Shows.
The Ringling brothers had purchased Barnum & Bailey Ltd. following Bailey's death in 1906, but ran the circuses separately until they were merged in 1919.
In 1967, Irvin Feld and his brother Israel, along with Houston Judge Roy Hofheinz bought the circus from the Ringling family.
Since the death of Irvin Feld in 1984, the circus had been a part of Feld Entertainment, an international entertainment firm headed by his son Kenneth Feld, with its headquarters in Ellenton, Florida.
With weakening attendance, many animal rights protests, and high operating costs, the circus performed its final show on May 21, 2017, at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum and closed after 146 years.
Barnum, who as a boy had worked as a ticket seller for Hachaliah Bailey's show, had run the Barnum's American Museum from New York City since 1841 from the former Scudder's American Museum building.
Though Barnum attempted to re-establish the Museum at another location in the city, it too burned down in 1868, and Barnum opted to retire from the museum business.
In 1871, Dan Castello and William Cameron Coup persuaded Barnum to come out of retirement as to lend his name, know-how and financial backing to the circus they had already created in Delavan, Wisconsin.
Independently of Castello and Coup, James Anthony Bailey had teamed up with James E. Cooper to create the Cooper and Bailey Circus in the 1860s.
After Jumbo died, Barnum donated his taxidermied remains to Tufts University on whose Board of Trustees Barnum served as one of Tufts' first trustees.
The Barnum Museum of Natural History opened in 1884 on the Tufts campus and Jumbo was a prominent part of the display.
Similar to dozens of small circuses that toured the Midwest and the Northeast at the time, the brothers moved their circus from town to town in small animal-drawn caravans.
Their circus rapidly grew and they were soon able to move their circus by train, which allowed them to have the largest traveling amusement enterprise of that time.
By that time, Charles Edward Ringling and John Nicholas Ringling were the only remaining brothers of the five who founded the circus.
In 1938, the circus made a lucrative offer to Frank Buck, a well-known adventurer and animal collector, to tour as their star attraction and to enter the show astride an elephant.
After John Nicholas Ringling's death, his nephew, John Ringling North, managed the indebted circus twice, the first from 1937 to 1943.
Special dispensation was given to the circus by President Roosevelt to use the rails to operate in 1942, in spite of travel restrictions imposed as a result of World War II.
Many of the most famous images from the circus that were published in magazine and posters were captured by American Photographer Maxwell Frederic Coplan, who traveled the world with the circus, capturing its beauty as well as its harsh realities.
The Hartford circus fire occurred on July 6, 1944, in Hartford, Connecticut, during an afternoon performance that was attended by approximately 7,500 to 8,700 people.
Although the Hartford Fire Department responded quickly, the fire was exacerbated by the fact that the canvas circus tent had been waterproofed with a mixture of highly flammable paraffin and gasoline.
During the ensuing panic, Emmett Kelly, the tramp clown, threw a bucket of water at the burning canvas tent, and a poignant photograph of his futile attempt was transmitted around the world as news spread of the disaster.
In a 1997 interview, Reilly said that he rarely attended the theater, despite being a director, since the sound of a large audience in a theater reminded him of the large crowd at the circus before the disaster.
Ringling Bros. had applied to the Army, which had an absolute priority on the material, for enough fireproofing liquid to treat their Big Top, but the Army had refused to release it to them.
The circus had instead waterproofed their canvas using an older method of paraffin dissolved in gasoline and painted onto the canvas.
Ringling Brothers' management set aside all profits for the next ten years to pay the claims filed against the show by the City of Hartford and the survivors of the fire.
The post-war prosperity enjoyed by the rest of the nation was not shared by the circus as crowds dwindled and costs increased.
Public tastes, influenced by the movies and television, abandoned the circus, which gave its last performance under the big top in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on July 16, 1956.
In 1956, when John Ringling North and Arthur Concello moved the circus from a tent show to an indoor operation, Irvin Feld was one of several promoters hired to work the advance for select dates.
Irvin Feld and his brother, Israel Feld, had already made a name for themselves marketing and promoting D.C. area rock and roll shows.
In late 1967, Irvin Feld, Israel Feld, and Judge Roy Mark Hofheinz of Texas, together with backing from Richard C. Blum, the founder of Blum Capital, bought the company outright from North and the Ringling family interests for $8 million at a ceremony at Rome's Colosseum.
Irvin got rid of the freak show so as not to capitalize on others' deformations and to become more family orientated.
In 1968, with the craft of clowning seemingly neglected and with many of the clowns in their 50s, he established the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Clown College.
A circus in Europe was purchased for $2 million just to have its star animal trainer, Gunther Gebel-Williams, for the core of his revamped circus.
The separate tours could also offer differing slates of acts and themes, enabling circus goers to view both tours where possible.. Also in 1968, Feld hired The King Charles Troupe, a unicycle club from The Bronx and the first ever African-American circus troupe, to perform unicycle basketball for 18 years with the circus.
The circus was sold to the Mattel company in 1971 for $40 million, but the Feld family was retained as management.
After Walt Disney World opened near Orlando, Florida, in 1971, the circus attempted to cash in on the resulting tourism surge by opening Circus World theme park in nearby Haines City, which broke ground on April 26, 1973.
The theme park was expected to become the circus's winter home as well as to have the Clown College located there.
Mattel placed the circus corporation up for sale by December 1973 despite its profit contributions, as Mattel as a whole showed a $29.9 million loss in 1972.
Venture Out in America, Inc., a Gulf Oil recreational subsidiary, agreed to buy the combined shows in January 1974, and the opening was further pushed back to 1975.
While the Circus Showcase for Circus World opened on , Venture Out placed the purchase deal back into negotiations, and the opening of the whole complex was moved to an early 1976.
By May 1980, the company expanded to three circuses by adding the one-ring International Circus Festival of Monte Carlo that debuted in Japan and Australia.
In 1990, the Seminole Gulf Railway (who took over the rail line serving the Venice facility in 1987) could no longer support the show's train cars, which led the combined circus to move its winter base to the Florida State Fairgrounds in Tampa.
Clair George has testified in court that he worked as a consultant in the early 1990s for Kenneth Feld and the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus.
He was involved in the surveillance of Jan Pottker (a journalist who was writing about the Feld family) and of various animal rights groups such as PETA.
After three years in Baraboo, the clown college operated at the Sarasota Opera House in Sarasota until 1998 before the program was suspended.
On , the circus company started previewing Barnum's Kaleidoscape, a one ring, intimate, upscale circus performed under the tent; designed to compete with similar upscale circuses such as Cirque du Soleil, Barnum's Kaleidoscape was not successful, and ceased performances after the end of 2000.
In 2001, a group led by The Humane Society of the United States sued the circus over alleged mistreatment of elephants.
On March 3, 2015, the circus announced that all elephants would be retired in 2018 to the CEC, but Ringling revised the decision and retired the elephants in May 2016.
Eight months after it retired the elephants, it was announced on January 14, 2017, that the circus would do 30 more performances, that it would lay off more than 462 employees between March and May 2017 and then close.
The Blue and Red Tours presented a full three-ring production for two years each (taking off the month of December), visiting alternating major cities each year.
The Blue Tour presented the even-numbered editions on a two-year tour (beginning each even-numbered year), and the Red Tour presented the odd-numbered editions on the same two-year tour (beginning each odd-numbered year).
In the 1950s there was one gigantic train system comprising three separate train loads that brought the main show to the big cities.
The first train load consisted of 22 cars and had the tents and the workers to set them up; the second section comprised 28 cars and carried the canvasmen, ushers and sideshow workers; the third section had 19 sleeping cars for the performers.
From 2003 to 2015 the circus also operated a truck-based Gold Tour presenting a scaled-back, single-ring version of the show designed to serve smaller markets deemed incapable of supporting the three-ring versions.
In March 2018, Kirby Family Farms located in Williston, Florida bought some of the cars and planned to turn them into hotels.
Many animal rights groups had criticized the circus for their treatment of animals over the years, saying that using them to perform is cruel and unnecessary.
Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey was investigated following the death of a lion who died from heat and lack of water while the circus train was travelling through the Mojave Desert.
In 2000, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), PETA, and other animal groups sued the circus, alleging that it violated the Endangered Species Act by its treatment of Asian elephants in its circus.
After years of litigation and a six-week non-jury trial, the Court dismissed the suit in a written decision in 2009, finding that the barn worker was not credible (ASPCA v. Feld Entm’t, Inc., 677 F. Supp.
Meanwhile, the circus learned during the trial that the animal rights groups had paid the barn worker $190,000 to be a plaintiff in the lawsuit.
The circus then sued the animal rights groups under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act in 2007, accusing the groups of conspiracy to harm its business and other illegal acts.
The 14-year course of litigation came to an end in May 2014 when The Humane Society of the United States and a number of other animal rights groups paid a $16  million settlement to the circus' parent company, Feld Entertainment.
In 2011, the United States Department of Agriculture conducted an inspection of the circus's animals, facilities, and records, finding non-compliance with the agency's regulations.
As part of the settlement, the circus must employ a full-time staff person to ensure compliance with the United States Animal Welfare Act of 1966, and all circus employees who work with or handle animals must complete training regarding compliance with the Act within 30 days of when they are hired.
In March 2015, Feld Entertainment announced it would stop using elephants in their shows by 2018, stating that the 13 elephants that were part of their shows would be sent to the circus's Center for Elephant Conservation, which at that time housed over 40 elephants.
Feld stated that this action was not a result of the allegations by animal rights groups, but rather due to the patchwork of local laws regarding whether elephants could be used in entertainment shows.
Seven tigers, six lions and one leopard were part of a convoy to temporarily move the animals out of Florida ahead of Hurricane Irma on September 5, 2017.
One of them, a 6-year-old Siberian tiger named Suzy who had previously starred in the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, escaped from a convoy of trucks transporting her from Florida to Memphis International Airport and was fatally shot by police after attacking a nearby dog.
A television series of the same title, was inspired by the film, with Jack Palance in the role of Charlton Heston's character.
From the University of Manchester he gained a BSc degree in Maths, then did a PGCE at Huddersfield College of Education.
He was Head of Maths at Barnsley Sixth Form College from 1979-90, then Senior Maths Lecturer at Barnsley College (it took over the sixth form college) from 1990-7.
Sir John is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and an honorary fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces or indirect interaction, where cells attach to surrounding extracellular matrix, a gel-like structure containing molecules released by cells into spaces between them.
Cell adhesion links cells in different ways and can be involved in signal transduction for cells to detect and respond to changes in the surroundings.
Cadherins and immunoglobulins are homophilic CAMs, as they directly bind to the same type of CAMs on another cell, while integrins and selectins are heterophilic CAMs that bind to different types of CAMs.
Alternatively, cell junctions can be categorised into two main types according to what interacts with the cell: cell–cell junctions, mainly mediated by cadherins, and cell–matrix junctions, mainly mediated by integrins.
This family of CAMs are membrane proteins that mediate cell–cell adhesion through its extracellular domains and require extracellular Ca ions to function correctly.
Cadherins forms homophilic attachment between themselves, which results in cells of a similar type sticking together and can lead to selective cell adhesion, allowing vertebrate cells to assemble into organised tissues.
Cadherins are essential for cell–cell adhesion and cell signalling in multicellular animals and can be separated into two types: classical cadherins and non-classical cadherins.
In adherens junctions, cadherins between neighbouring cells interact through their extracellular domains, which share a conserved calcium-sensitive region in their extracellular domains.
When this region comes into contact with Ca ions, extracellular domains of cadherins undergo a conformational change from the inactive flexible conformation to a more rigid conformation in order to undergo homophilic binding.
These protein complexes link cadherins to actin filaments.This association with actin filaments is essential for adherens junctions to stabilise cell–cell adhesion.
This is since cadherin clusters promote actin filament polymerisation,which in turn promotes the assembly of adherens junctions by binding to the cadherin–catenin complexes that then form at the junction.
Instead of classical cadherins, non-classical cadherins such as desmogleins and desmocollins act as adhesion molecules and they are linked to intermediate filaments instead of actin filaments.
No catenin is present in desmosomes as intracellular domains of desmosomal cadherins interact with desmosomal plaque proteins, which form the thick cytoplasmic plaques in desmosomes and link cadherins to intermediate filaments.
Desmosomes provides strength and resistance to mechanical stress by unloading forces onto the flexible but resilient intermediate filaments, something that cannot occur with the rigid actin filaments.
This makes desmosomes important in tissues that encounter high levels of mechanical stress, such as heart muscle and epithelia, and explains why it appears frequently in these types of tissues.
Tight junctions are normally present in epithelial and endothelial tissues, where they seal gaps and regulate paracellular transport of solutes and extracellular fluids in these tissues that function as barriers.
Tight junction is formed by transmembrane proteins, including claudins, occludins and tricellulins, that bind closely to each other on adjacent membranes in a homophilic manner.
Similar to anchoring junctions, intracellular domains of these tight junction proteins are bound with scaffold proteins that keep these proteins in clusters and link them to actin filaments in order to maintain structure of the tight junction.
Claudins, essential for formation of tight junctions, form paracellular pores which allow selective passage of specific ions across tight junctions making the barrier selectively permeable.
These channels allow transport of ions and small molecules between cytoplasm of two adjacent cells, apart from holding cells together and provide structural stability like anchoring junctions or tight junctions.
Gap junction channels are selectively permeable to specific ions depending on which connexins form the connexons, which allows gap junctions to be involved in cell signalling by regulating the transfer of molecules involved in signalling cascades.
Channels can respond to many different stimuli and are regulated dynamically either by rapid mechanisms, such as voltage gating, or by slow mechanism, such as altering numbers of channels present in gap junctions.
Selectins undergo heterophilic bindings, as its extracellular domain binds to carbohydrates on adjacent cells instead of other selectins, while it also require Ca ions to function, same as cadherins.
cell–cell adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells is important for immune responses as leukocytes can travel to sites of infection or injury through this mechanism.
At these sites, integrins on the rolling white blood cells are activated and bind firmly to the local endothelial cells, allowing the leukocytes to stop migrating and move across the endothelial barrier.
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is one of the largest superfamily of proteins in the body and it contains many diverse CAMs involved in different functions.
These transmembrane proteins have one or more immunoglobulin-like domains in their extracellular domains and undergo calcium-independent binding with ligands on adjacent cells.
Some IgSF CAMs, such as neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs), can perform homophilic binding while others, such as intercellular cell adhesion molecules (ICAMs) or vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAMs) undergo heterophilic binding with molecules like carbohydrates or integrins.
Both ICAMs and VCAMs are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and they interact with integrins on the leukocytes to assist leukocyte attachment and its movement across the endothelial barrier.
Cells have specific CAMs that will bind to molecules in the extracellular matrix and link the matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton.
Extracellular matrix can act as a support when organising cells into tissues and can also be involved in cell signalling by activating intracellular pathways when bound to the CAMs.
Integrins can signal in both directions: inside-out signalling, intracellular signals modifying the intracellular domains, can regulate affinity of integrins for their ligands, while outside-in signalling, extracellular ligands binding to extracellular domains, can induce conformational changes in integrins and initiate signalling cascades.
Extracellular domains of integrins can bind to different ligands through heterophilic binding while intracellular domains can either be linked to intermediate filaments, forming hemidesmosomes, or to actin filaments, forming focal adhesions.
In hemidesmosomes, integrins attach to extracellular matrix proteins called laminins in the basal lamina, which is the extracellular matrix secreted by epithelial cells.
Integrins link extracellular matrix to keratin intermediate filaments, which interacts with intracellular domain of integrins via adapter proteins such as plectins and BP230.
Adapter proteins, such as talins, vinculins, α-actinins and filamins, form a complex at the intracellular domain of integrins and bind to actin filaments.
This multi-protein complex linking integrins to actin filaments is important for assembly of signalling complexes that act as signals for cell growth and cell motility.
Plants cells adhere closely to each other and are connected through plasmodesmata, channels that cross the plant cell walls and connect cytoplasms of adjacent plant cells.
Molecules that are either nutrients or signals required for growth are transported, either passively or selectively, between plant cells through plasmodesmata.
Pathogenic fungi use adhesion molecules present on its cell wall to attach, either through protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interactions, to host cells or fibronectins in the extracellular matrix.
Prokaryotes have adhesion molecules on their cell surface termed bacterial adhesins, apart from using its pili (fimbriae) and flagella for cell adhesion.
For example, influenza virus has a hemagglutinin on its surface that is required for recognition of the sugar sialic acid on host cell surface molecules.
Viruses can also target components of cell junctions to enter host cells, which is what happens when the hepatitis C virus targets occludins and claudins in tight junctions to enter liver cells.
Loss of cell–cell adhesion in metastatic tumour cells allows them to escape their site of origin and spread through the circulatory system.
One example of CAMs deregulated in cancer are cadherins, which are inactivated either by genetic mutations or by other oncogenic signalling molecules, allowing cancer cells to migrate and be more invasive.
Other CAMs, like selectins and integrins, can facilitate metastasis by mediating cell–cell interactions between migrating metastatic tumour cells in the circulatory system with endothelial cells of other distant tissues.
This leads to reduced expression of β integrin heterodimers, which are required for leukocytes to firmly attach to the endothelial wall at sites of inflammation in order to fight infections.
Leukocytes from LAD-I patients are unable to adhere to endothelial cells and patients exhibit serious episodes of infection that can be life-threatening.
An autoimmune disease called pemphigus is also caused by loss of cell adhesion, as it results from autoantibodies targeting a person's own desmosomal cadherins which leads to epidermal cells detaching from each other and causes skin blistering.
Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses and protozoans, have to first adhere to host cells in order to infect and cause diseases.
Anti-adhesion therapy can be used to prevent infection by targeting adhesion molecules either on the pathogen or on the host cell.
Apart from altering the production of adhesion molecules, competitive inhibitors that bind to adhesion molecules to prevent binding between cells can also be used, acting as anti-adhesive agents.
The UCL School of Pharmacy (formerly The School of Pharmacy, University of London) is the pharmacy school of University College London (UCL).
The School was founded by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1842 as the College of the Pharmaceutical Society.
It was renamed The School of Pharmacy in 1949 when it became independent of the Pharmaceutical Society and was incorporated into the University of London as a constituent college.
Construction of the School's current main building, designed by Herbert Rowse, began in 1938, although work was stopped on the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and the building was not completed until 1960.
It was decided on 13 May 2011, after a consultation and development process, that the School would merge with University College London (UCL).
The department's staff help teach the undergraduate MPharm degree in the areas of drug discovery, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacognosy/medicinal plants, and an MSc in Pharmacognosy is offered.
The department has played a major role in the development of Pharmacology in the UK and many pharmacologists who trained here are to be found in academies and in industries all over the world.
The department's research focuses on the nervous system, and a wide range of approaches are used to study normal brain function and the causes of many neurological and psychiatric diseases.
The Department of Pharmaceutics is home to a wide range of research activities, such as in Materials Science and Processing and Clinical Pharmaceutical Science.
The department's research in Materials Science and Processing is centred on the fundamental properties of materials and their adaptation to optimise processing and enhance drug delivery.
It operates a number of joint ventures, including the Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, a joint venture with Great Ormond Street Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, and in the Clinical Pharmaceutics with University College Hospitals and Camden and Islington's NHS Trust.
The Microbiology Research Group is also well-established, with work focusing mainly in overcoming antibiotic resistance and obtaining new actives from natural sources.
The Department of Practice and Policy focuses upon making the use of medicines safer and more effective through teaching, service and research.
The department has collaborations with organisations including Imperial College London, the London School of Economics, the Institute of Education and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, as well as several major London hospitals including Guy's and St Thomas's, University College Hospital, Hammersmith, Barts and the London, and Great Ormond Street.
The School offers a number of Masters Degree programmes, including Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacy Practice, and PhD research degrees.
Straight Plan for the Gay Man is an American comedy television series that premiered on February 23, 2004, on Comedy Central.
The makeovers include lessons in poor manners, spartan home decorating, unfashionable wardrobes, and an overdeveloped ego to mask all personal failings.
Brunswick Square is a public garden and ancillary streets along two of its sides in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden.
It is overlooked by the School of Pharmacy and the Foundling Museum to the north; the Brunswick Centre to the west; and International Hall (a hall of residence of the University of London) to the south.
East is an enclosed area of playgrounds with further trees, Coram's Fields, associated with charity Coram Family which is just over double its size; next to that area Brunswick Square is mirrored, symmetrically by Mecklenburgh Square, likewise of 3 acres including roads.
The squares are named after contemporary Queen consorts (the wife of George III and the wife of his eldest son George IV).
Between the two, east of this square, is an enclosed area of playgrounds with further trees, Coram's Fields (associated with charity Coram Family) which occupies just over seven acres.
Brunswick Square and Mecklenburgh Square and Coram's Fields are jointly listed Grade II on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
What is now the square (apart from the longer of the two roads bounding it and sharing in its name which is older) including the nearer part of buildings facing it was originally part of the grounds of the Foundling Hospital.
Brunswick Square, named after Caroline of Brunswick, was finished first, being built by James Burton in 1795–1802; none of the original houses remain.
The bronze sculpture of a child's mitten, by Tracey Emin, sits on top of one of the railings outside the Foundling Museum.
The club was used for Women's Freedom League meetings and as a hostel for suffrage activists and fund-raising annual birthday parties for Charlotte Despard.
The Kashubian Language Council (Kashubian: Radzëzna Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka; Polish: Rada Języka Kaszubskiego) is a body of the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association that oversees and promotes the Kashubian language.
The discussion takes place at the home of Callias, who is host to Protagoras while he is in town, and concerns the nature of sophists, the unity and the teachability of virtue.
Additionally, there are several unnamed foreigners whom Protagoras is said to have picked up in his travels and a servant (a eunuch) in the employ of Callias.
The dialogue begins with an unnamed friend of Socrates asking him how his pursuit of the young Alcibiades, just now reputed to be growing his first beard, was proceeding.
Socrates explains that while he has just been in the company of Alcibiades, his mind is now on more interesting matters.
Socrates relates the story of how his young friend, Hippocrates, son of Apollodorus, came knocking on his door before daybreak and roused him out of bed.
Hippocrates was in a big hurry to be present when Protagoras held court, as he was expected to do, at the home of Callias, and wanted Socrates to introduce him as a potential student to the old Sophist, as Protagoras had a great reputation as a teacher.
With food and drink, you never know what you are getting, but you can consult experts for advice before consuming anything that might be dangerous (313a–314c).
Socrates later notes that Prodicus was assigned to sleep in a storage room that his host had cleaned out for the visit (315d).
A eunuch opens the door, takes one look at them, guesses they are Sophists, and slams the door in their faces (314d).
Upon entering, Socrates and young Hippocrates witness the great Sophist Protagoras walking round the cloister surrounded by numerous men, some of them famous Athenians which Socrates mentioned by name, like Charmides and the two sons of Pericles.
Protagoras does not deny being a Sophist, and claims that it is an ancient and honorable art, the same art practiced by Homer and Hesiod.
He says that he is more straightforward than the ancient artists, trainers, and musicians in frankly admitting that he is an educator.
Protagoras says he is old enough now to be the father of any of the men present, and would like now to address himself to the whole company of people in the house.
Socrates assumes that Prodicus would not want to miss the lecture, and so Callias and Alcibiades are sent to rouse him from his bed (317c–e).
Protagoras begins by saying that a good Sophist can make his students into good citizens by teaching civic virtue (πολιτικὴν τέχνην).
Socrates says that this is fine and good, but that he personally believes that this is not feasible since virtue cannot be taught (319b).
By way of example, Socrates points to the fact that while in matters concerning specialised labour one would only take advice from the appropriate specialist, like for example builders (τέκτονες) about construction, in matters of state everyone's opinions are considered, which proves that political virtue is within everyone, or that at least that is what Athenians in their democratic ideals believe.
He then adds that Clinias, younger brother of Alcibiades, was taken from the family for fear that Alcibiades would corrupt him, and he was given back as a hopeless case.
Protagoras says his claim that virtue can be taught is better made by a story than by reasoned arguments, and he recounts a myth about the origins of living things.
When Prometheus saw what had happened, and realising that without either pelts nor claws, mankind was doomed, he decided to go secretly into the god's mountain home of Olympus and steal something to give back to man.
Initially, Prometheus wanted to steal temperance (sophrosyne), but this virtue was guarded inside the palace of Zeus himself by terrible guardians, and so, the Titan opted for the gift of fire straight from the workshop of Hephaestus, and practical wisdom from the goddess Athena.
Having failed to enter the palace of Zeus however, man was never granted civic wisdom, and so his race was still in danger of extinction.
To Protagoras, this answers Socrates' question as to why people think that wisdom about architecture or medicine is limited to the few while wisdom about justice and politics is thought to be more broadly understood (322d).
First, people do not rebuke the ugly, dwarfish, and weak, but pity them, because they cannot help being as they are, yet they punish the unjust and generally feel as though someone is responsible for not knowing something that can be taught (323d).
Protagoras notes that none of this is surprising, but what would be surprising is if this were not the case (326e).
Naturally, all parents would be eager to teach their sons how to play the flute, but given the importance of this skill, everyone would also be teaching everyone else, as it would be a considered a crime to withhold this knowledge.
The result would be a city where everyone would be at least decent in the art, but being taught constantly and by everyone, those naturally gifted would always be better than those who happen to have gifted parents.
It is considered so important that everyone is taught to a certain degree by everyone else, and to the point that it seems like a part of human nature, while children of virtuous men do not always exceed the rest for the reason analogous to flute playing (327b–d).
Socrates admits that Protagoras has given an excellent answer and that there is only one small thing to clarify which he is certain that the Sophist will do easily.
He asks Protagoras as to whether the attributes that form virtue, such as bravery, kindness and wisdom are one or many things, like for example the parts of a golden object which are fused together or that of a face which form a whole while retaining their individual substance (329d).
Protagoras answers the second but avoids engaging in dialogue and digresses into a rhetoric which does not answer the question sufficiently but still manages to arouse the excitement of their young public.
It is a typical moment of Socratic Dialogues, where a Sophist uses eloquent speeches to hide the inconsistency of his arguments.
Socrates move is to pretend that he has a weak memory (334c), and for the debate to continue, Protagoras needs to answer in a short and concise manner, forcing the Sophist to use Socrates' notorious method, his unique question/answer format that can lead to a logical conclusion, usually in Socrates favour.
Protagoras begins to bristle at this and replies that his answers are as long as they need to be, while Socrates reminds him that as a teacher of rhetoric, and one that advertises his ability to teach others all the different ways a debate can be had, he above all should be able to shorten his answers when the need arises.
Their argument over form appears to be leading them nowhere, and Socrates gets up to leave, grousing that companionable talk is one thing while public speaking another (336b).
Socrates praises the Spartans as the best people in the world not only because of their fierceness in battle but because of their wisdom and philosophical skills.
This is contrary to the common belief that the Spartans lacked in these issues and devoted themselves exclusively to physical training but Socrates claims that they are masters at concealing their skills.
Simonides, on the other hand, claims that it is impossible to live without ever being a bad man, and even to be a good man on occasion is difficult (344a–45d).
Socrates' interpretation is that, since Simonides was a wise man, he must know that no one does any wrong willingly; accordingly, he must mean that he will willingly praise those who do no wrong, not that some do wrong willingly and others unwillingly, only the latter garnering his praise (345d–46b).
Socrates thus argues that the authority of Simonides does not stand against his understanding of virtue and whether anyone willingly does wrong.
Socrates then repeats the initial question of whether virtue is one or many things, and he reminds Protagoras that his answer was the latter, that virtues are many (349b-d).
Socrates proceeds using his method, and asks whether the most courageous soldiers are those who are ignorant or knowledgeable of fighting.
Protagoras says that while there are those who are courageous while being ignorant, their courage is more like madness, and that to be considered truly courageous, one needs to know what he is engaged in.
But after agreeing that courageous people are necessarily knowledgeable, and therefore wise, Protagoras sees through Socrates' tricks, who was indeed trying to push for a unification theory of virtue on the premise that everything, courage and justice included are essentially wisdom, and therefore the same thing.
He tells Socrates that while he agreed that the courageous are knowledgeable, he did not agree about the inverse, that wise men are also courageous.
Socrates finally asks why is it that men do harm to themselves, by overeating or overindulging in other pleasures, and asks Protagoras whether his view is the standard one, that these men do so because of pleasure.
Protagoras agrees, and Socrates continues by saying that what we call bad is not necessarily unpleasant in the short term, but necessarily so in the long term, like certain foods that cause pleasurable sensations but harm the body in the long run.
Socrates then concludes that the only reason why people exchange good for bad, like the pleasant taste of food for sickness that comes by eating it, is because they do not know that the first (the pleasure) is short, while the second (the pain) is long.
The error they make is just like one in judging the sizes of different objects when they are far away, assuming one is smaller because it's further away.
So if men were taught the art of calculating these things correctly, have a more exact knowledge that is, they would not act harmfully (357c–358d).
So, in a way, all virtues are essentially knowledge and can be considered one and the same, more like parts of golden objects (as discussed above) rather than the parts of a face.
And that's how the issue of courage can finally be addressed after being cut short by Protagoras only a short time before.
Because given that courage is good, as both agree, probably together with their entire culture, than the lack of it must necessarily be a lack of knowledge, and so Protagoras was wrong in saying that some courageous men are also ignorant.
He draws the conclusion that to an observer he and Protagoras would seem as crazy, having argued at great lengths only to mutually exchanged positions with Socrates now believing that virtue can be taught and Protagoras that all virtues are one instead of his initial position (361a).
Protagoras acknowledges Socrates a notable opponent in dispute while being much younger than he and predicts that he could become one of the wisest men alive.
Summer Lightning is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 1 July 1929 by Doubleday, Doran, New York, under the title Fish Preferred, and in the United Kingdom on 19 July 1929 by Herbert Jenkins, London.
Gally is down at Blandings and writing his memoirs, to the horror of all who knew him in their wild youths, particularly Lord Emsworth's neighbour and pig-fancying rival Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe.
While sinister forces, including the efficient Baxter and the unpleasant Percy Pilbeam, scheme to put a stop to the book, Ronnie Fish and his old pal Hugo Carmody are entangled in difficult relationships, which require much subterfuge, some pig-theft and a little imposter-ing to resolve.
They hide this from Lady Constance, who is distracted with worries that the book of memoirs her brother Galahad is working on will bring shame to the family.
When they run into Lady Constance in London one day, Ronnie introduces Sue as Myra Schoonmaker, an American heiress he and his mother Lady Julia recently met in Biarritz.
Hoping to get money out of Lord Emsworth, his trustee, Ronnie claims to love pigs, but his uncle has seen him bouncing a tennis ball on the Empress' back, and is enraged.
Ronnie, inspired, steals the pig, planning to return it and earn his uncle's gratitude, roping in Beach to help; they hide her in a cottage in the woods.
Hugo takes Sue out dancing, but when Ronnie arrives at the club he sees Pilbeam, who admires Sue, sat at her table.
He runs amok, and spends a night in jail, and in the morning snubs Sue, who he believes has betrayed him.
Meanwhile, Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe, worrying about the memoirs, hires Pilbeam to retrieve them; Pilbeam agrees, realising he can use the pig-finding job to get into the castle.
Gally soon finds out the truth, when he has a meeting with Mortimer Mason, Sue's erstwhile employer, and he sees her in the gardens.
Baxter, meanwhile, has grown suspicious that the pig was stolen by Carmody as a means of insuring his job; he spots Beach heading off to feed the pig, and follows him, just as the storm breaks.
Their relationship is healed, Hugo having explained about Sue and Ronnie, and Beach, protecting Ronnie, claims he stole the pig for Hugo to return and win Lord Emsworth's favour.
Baxter accuses Beach in front of Emsworth, and the three of them head to the cottage, Emsworth growing ever warier of Baxter's sanity.
They find no pig, Carmody having moved it to Baxter's caravan, where Pilbeam, also caught in the rain, saw him stow it.
While Emsworth, Lady Constance, Gally and Millicent go to dinner with Parsloe-Parsloe (lured away to leave the memoirs unguarded), Ronnie Fish confronts Pilbeam, and learns that Sue was indeed out in London with Carmody, and that she has come to Blandings to be near Ronnie.
Carmody, in a panic, calls Millicent at Matchingham Hall, and is advised to tell Emsworth where the pig is at once.
Meanwhile, Baxter receives a telegram from Myra Schoonmaker in Paris, and goes to the imposter Sue's room to retrieve a note he sent her, criticising Lord Emsworth.
Ronnie spots Pilbeam climbing into the room to steal the book, and chases him downstairs; the returning dinner party assume they are fleeing Baxter, now confirmed as mad by the presence of the stolen pig in his caravan, and Emsworth charges into Sue's room with a shotgun.
Baxter crawls out from under the bed, flustered and enraged by his experience and Emsworth's harsh words, reveals Sue's deception and storms off.
Galahad, hearing that Sue Brown is Dolly Henderson's daughter, reveals that he loved her mother and views her as a kind of honorary daughter.
He tells Lady Constance that he will suppress his book if she agrees to sanction Sue and Ronnie's marriage, and to persuade her sister Julia to do likewise.
Pilbeam, hearing this as he once again climbs the drainpipe, gives up his mission, leaving Galahad to tell Sue the story of Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe and the prawns...
A stage play, adapted by Giles Havergal, was first performed at Glasgow's Citizens Theatre in 1992; a 1998 revival starred Helen Baxendale as Sue Brown.
The cast included Charles Dance as Galahad Threepwood, Patricia Hodge as Lady Constance, Tim Pigott-Smith as Beach, Matt Lucas as Percy Pilbeam, Martin Jarvis as Lord Emsworth, Samuel West as Hugo Carmody, Lisa Dillon as Sue Brown, Matthew Wolf as Ronnie Fish, Rachael Stirling as Millicent, Jared Harris as Rupert Baxter, Michael Jayston as Sir Gregory Parsloe, and Ian Ogilvy as the narrator.
Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was a satellite-based mission to test two unverified predictions of general relativity: the geodetic effect and frame-dragging.
This was to be accomplished by measuring, very precisely, tiny changes in the direction of spin of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth satellite orbiting at 650 km (400 mi) altitude, crossing directly over the poles.
The spaceflight phase lasted until <time>2005</time>; its aim was to measure spacetime curvature near Earth, and thereby the stress–energy tensor (which is related to the distribution and the motion of matter in space) in and near Earth.
The expected frame-dragging effect was similar in magnitude to the current noise level (the noise being dominated by initially unmodeled effects due to nonuniform coatings on the gyroscopes).
Mission scientists viewed it as the second gravity experiment in space, following the successful launch of Gravity Probe A (GP-A) in <time>1976</time>.
This was to be accomplished by measuring, very precisely, tiny changes in the direction of spin of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth satellite orbiting at 650 km (400 mi) altitude, crossing directly over the poles.
A gyroscope's axis when parallel transported around the Earth in one complete revolution does not end up pointing in exactly the same direction as before.
A more precise explanation for the space curvature part of the geodetic precession is obtained by using a nearly flat cone to model the space curvature of the Earth's gravitational field.
Gravity Probe B was expected to measure this effect to an accuracy of one part in 10,000, the most stringent check on general relativistic predictions to date.
Previously, only two analyses of the laser-ranging data obtained by the two LAGEOS satellites, published in <time>1997</time> and <time>2004</time>, claimed to have found the frame-dragging effect with an accuracy of about 20% and 10% respectively, whereas Gravity Probe B aimed to measure the frame dragging effect to a precision of 1%.
However, Lorenzo Iorio claimed that the level of total uncertainty of the tests conducted with the two LAGEOS satellites has likely been greatly underestimated.
A recent analysis of Mars Global Surveyor data has claimed to have confirmed the frame dragging effect to a precision of 0.5%, although the accuracy of this claim is disputed.
Also the Lense–Thirring effect of the Sun has been recently investigated in view of a possible detection with the inner planets in the near future.
An unusual feature of the mission is that it only had a one-second launch window due to the precise orbit required by the experiment.
In polar orbit, with the gyro spin directions also pointing toward HR8703, the frame-dragging and geodetic effects came out at right angles, each gyroscope measuring both.
Near-absolute zero temperatures were required to minimize molecular interference, and enable the lead and niobium components of the gyroscope mechanisms to become superconductive.
Also important was its well understood motion in the sky, which was helped by the fact that this star emits relatively strong radio signals.
In preparation for the setup of this mission, astronomers analyzed the radio-based position measurements with respect to far distant quasars taken over several years to understand its motion as precisely as needed.
The conceptual design for this mission was first proposed by an MIT professor, George Pugh, who was working with the U.S. Department of Defense in <time>1959</time> and later discussed by Leonard Schiff (Stanford) in <time>1960</time> at Pugh's suggestion, based partly on a theoretical paper about detecting frame dragging that Schiff had written in <time>1957</time>.
This grant ended in <time>1977</time> after a long phase of engineering research into the basic requirements and tools for the satellite.
In <time>1986</time> NASA changed plans for the shuttle, which forced the mission team to switch from a shuttle-based launch design to one that was based on the Delta 2, and in <time>1995</time> tests planned of a prototype on a shuttle flight were cancelled as well.
Gravity Probe B marks the first time in history that a university has been in control of the development and operations of a space satellite funded by NASA.
Although electrostatic patches caused by non-uniform coating of the spheres were anticipated, and were thought to have been controlled for before the experiment, it was subsequently found that the final layer of the coating on the spheres defined two halves of slightly different contact potential, which gave the sphere an electrostatic axis.
In addition, it dissipated energy from the polhode motion by inducing currents in the housing electrodes, causing the motion to change with time.
This meant that a simple time-average polhode model was insufficient, and a detailed orbit by orbit model was needed to remove the effect.
With the electrostatic torque modeled as a function of axis misalignment, and the polhode motion modeled at a sufficiently fine level, it was hoped to isolate the relativity torques to the originally expected resolution.
It is likely that this data will be examined by independent scientists and independently reported to the public well after the final release by the project scientists.
Because future interpretations of the data by scientists outside GP-B may differ from the official results, it may take several more years for all of the data received by GP-B to be completely understood.
Harry Bateman first grew to love mathematics at Manchester Grammar School, and in his final year, won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge.
He studied in Göttingen and Paris, taught at the University of Liverpool and University of Manchester before moving to the US in 1910.
There, working with Frank Morley in geometry, he achieved the PhD, but he had already published more than sixty papers including some of his celebrated papers before getting his PhD.
Theodore von Kármán was called in as an advisor for a projected aeronautics laboratory at Caltech and later gave this appraisal of Bateman.
Harry Bateman married Ethel Horner in 1912 and had a son named Harry Graham, who died as a child, later the couple adopted a daughter named Joan Margaret.
Together they came up in 1908 with the idea of a conformal group of spacetime (now usually denoted as ) which involved an extension of the method of images.
He showed that the Jacobian matrix of a spacetime diffeomorphism which preserves the Maxwell equations is proportional to an orthogonal matrix, hence conformal.
This figure of speech is not to be confused with a string in physics, for the universes in string theory have dimensions inflated beyond four, something not found in Bateman's work.
Bateman received many honours for his contributions, including election to the Royal Society of London in 1928, election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1930.
He was on his way to New York to receive an award from the Institute of Aeronautical Science when he died of coronary thrombosis.
After his death, his notes on higher transcendental functions were edited by A. Erdélyi, W. Magnus, F. Oberhettinger, and F. G. Tricomi, and published in 1954.
The A59 is a major road in England which is around long and runs from Wallasey, Merseyside to York, North Yorkshire.
It is a key route connecting Merseyside at the M53 motorway to Yorkshire, passing through three counties and connecting to various major motorways.
Sections of the A59 in Yorkshire closely follow the routes of Roman roads, some dating back to the Middle Ages as salt roads, whilst much of the A59 in Merseyside follows Victorian routes which are largely unchanged to the present day.
Numerous bypasses have been constructed throughout the 20th century, one of the earliest being the Maghull bypass in the early 1930s, particularly where traffic through towns was congested.
Portions of the route through Lancashire were proposed to be upgraded to motorway standard during the mid-20th century, latterly being downgraded to significant improvements then ultimately withdrawn from consideration.
Sections of the road have previously been noted as being amongst the most dangerous in the country, particularly in Yorkshire, despite continued efforts to improve road safety.
In the centre of Liverpool, a separate spur heads north from the roundabout junction at the entrance of the Queensway Tunnel, joining the main route at Scotland Road in Vauxhall.
It continues north through Kirkdale and Walton, passing Aintree Racecourse and Ormskirk Road (forming the boundary between Aintree and Netherton), before reaching Switch Island junction where it meets the A5036, M57 motorway and the M58 motorway.
From Switch Island, the A59 travels through Maghull and Lydiate, into Lancashire through Aughton and thence to Ormskirk, closely following the Merseyrail Northern Line path.
The road follows through Burscough and Rufford, despite a bypass being considered for this section in the early 1980s, before reaching the A565 at Tarleton.
The road continues over the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and River Douglas through to Longton (and Hutton) bypass, where it returns to dual carriageway.
Passing Lancashire Police HQ, the road continues through Penwortham across the River Ribble into Preston, by-passing the city centre via Ring Way, where the A583 from Blackpool converges.
It briefly merges with the A6 before heading East and meeting the M6 at junction 31, after which the road splits into two separate carriageways until it meets the A677 for Blackburn.
As Longsight Road, it passes through Salesbury until meeting A666, at which point it bypasses Billington, Whalley and Clitheroe before going through the village of Gisburn.
From Horton it enters North Yorkshire and goes through West and East Marton before meeting the A56, after which the road passes Broughton.
Past Broughton, the road meets the Skipton bypass at its western end, where it overlaps the A65 on its route between Kendal and Leeds, de-merging with the A65 further to the east.
The road continues over the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway through a roundabout junction with the B6160 before rising up Beamsley hill.
At the top of the hill, the road crosses into the Harrogate district, at which points there is a long narrow, twisting descent, known as Kex Gill, that leads to Blubberhouses village.
The A59 then runs along the head of Fewston Reservoir and follows the route of a Roman road past the 'golf balls' at Menwith Hill, an RAF station.
Reaching Harrogate as Skipton Road, it meets the A61 Ripon Road for Ripon, Harrogate town centre and Leeds, before continuing through the suburbs of the town as Skipton Road.
The A59 then turns left at the Empress Roundabout, which is itself on the Stray, towards Starbeck, although traffic travelling towards York is directed onto the A661 Wetherby Road to utilise the A658 Harrogate and Knaresborough Southern Bypass.
The A59, however, continues to travel through Starbeck as Knaresborough Road and later High Street, then heads east to Knaresborough, passing through the town centre before heading towards York as York Road.
From Knaresborough, the A59 meets up with York-directed traffic from Harrogate on the A658, and skirts to the north of Goldsborough towards the A1(M).
The A59 heads towards York, travelling close to such places as Nun Monkton, Moor Monkton and Upper Poppleton before finally ending just to the west of the city walls at a zebra crossing at the junction of Bishopthorpe Road and Nunnery Lane, the A1036.
The A59 in Yorkshire from Green Hammerton to York follows the path of an old Roman road known locally as Watling Street and may in Medieval times have been used as a salt road.
Archaeological digging in 2008 showed the Roman road crossing the River Nidd on an old county bridge prior to diverging north-east of Green Hammerton, contrary to previous understanding of the route.
Evidence of ditches earlier than the Roman conquest of Britain were also uncovered during the archaeological dig in 2008, suggesting a road network present in the area dating back to the Iron Age.
Much of the present-day Merseyside alignment is unchanged over the last century, with the route through Liverpool to Switch Island junction in Aintree utilising existing road infrastructure from the Victorian era, such as Scotland Road.
The present day alignment between Switch Island junction and Aughton, Lancashire via Maghull was non-existent prior to the 20th century, with the connecting roads being typically smaller lanes which still exist today.
In Clitheroe district prior to the opening of the new Chatburn road in 1827 the main Liverpool / Skipton route ran through Clitheroe town via Whalley road and Pimlico over the limestone ridge of Chatburn Old road.
The route fell within the first schedule of the act, which also included around of road to be trunked and designated.
Numerous additional bypasses were built after the road was trunked, to realign the A59 away from routes where it may have previously travelled through busy towns and cities.
Prior to the bypass, the A59 travelled through the villages of Walmer Bridge, Longton and Hutton before being realigned to their east.
In Yorkshire at Beamsley Hill, there are two lanes east-bound (on an incline) and a single lane west-bound, some of which was improved at various points during the late 20th century, such as in Hazlewood, where the A59 was rerouted to become a largely straight road, bypassing the now older winding route which exists to its north-west.
The A59 was also rerouted just to the east of the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway during the same period, requiring construction of a new Bolton Bridge over the River Wharfe, with the former alignment now forming a bridleway.
Up until the early 1970s, the start of the A59 was in the centre of Liverpool; this now forms a small spur connecting to the present day A59, which runs through the Kingsway Tunnel from its start point in Wallasey.
In Lancashire, the A59 was realigned during the same period in the early 1970s, to bypass the towns of Clitheroe and Whalley and was constructed as a single-carriageway despite parliamentary concerns that it would be less safe than a dual-carriageway.
The A59 stretch of the Skipton Bypass was opened in 1981 at an estimated cost of £16.4 million (), crossing the B6265 north of the town and providing relief to traffic congestion.
Whilst now skirting to the north of Goldsborough towards the A1(M), originally the route went through the village of Flaxby and onto Allerton, but the route now travels a restricted east–west route and meets the A1(M) at its junction 47.
The road originally ended to the south of Green Hammerton, with the A66 routed down from Boroughbridge and going into York.
The A59 in Yorkshire was part of North Yorkshire's 30 year transport plan in 2016, including maintenance of potholes and resurfacing works, as well as the potential construction of new routes.
Numerous sections of the route have been realigned at various stages, particularly where the previous alignment had travelled through busy villages or towns.
Most have been constructed since the route was trunked and designated the A59, however some parts, such as the Maghull bypass, had been constructed prior to the Trunk Roads Act 1936.
A bypass has been proposed for the Kex Gill section of road that spans from Blubberhouses to the top of Beamsley Hill.
The road has been closed on many occasions since 2010 (particularly in 2016 when it was closed for 8 weeks for emergency repair work).
It was closed again due to a landslip in May 2018 and local planners have stated that a new section of road should be built to the north of the current route on the other side of a very small and narrow valley.
At the same time, they revealed that the closure and repairs bill for the section of the A59 at Kex gill was over £3 million for the period of 2009–2018.
By 1963, Lancashire County Council had dropped the plans for a motorway of this nature, instead deciding to focus later efforts during the mid-1970s on proposing a scheme to improve the A59 link between Liverpool and Preston.
This proposal was at the time considered to potentially become the M59 Motorway, with investigations into all practical options being considered, however the motorway was ultimately never constructed.
A map published by Lancashire County Council and dated 1974 shows the suggested route of the motorway, starting at the missing M58 motorway junction 2 and continuing north-bound towards Blackpool along the alignment of the A59.
North Yorkshire County Council claimed they were taking steps to reduce fatalities on the road and that accidents on the stretch in question was still too high, despite the number of accidents in 2003 being at its lowest in six years.
In 2008 European Road Assessment Programme reported the risk of being involved in a death or disabling injury accident as being between Low-medium and Medium-high depending on the section of road travelled.
A proposal to improve safety of the road between Skipton and Harrogate, which is the only direct route between the towns, was discussed by councillors in March 2017.
Numerous possible re-alignments are being considered in an effort to minimize or eradicate the impact of road closures, which has cost the council almost £1 million.
A section between South Cave and Hull forms the eastward continuation of the M62 motorway and is part of the unsigned Euroroute E20.
The route from Leeds out to Selby runs roughly parallel, and between south of the route of the Leeds and Selby Railway.
The route begins just east of Leeds city centre at a junction with the A61, although, before its February 2009 realignment along the new East Leeds Link Road, it began at a junction with the A64 in the Halton Moor area of the city (now signed as the B6159).
At the end of this dual carriageway section, the route meets the M1, and the road continues north along the motorway for one junction then resumes as the A63.
This dual-carriageway section of the former A1, follows the Leeds – North Yorkshire boundary (Ledsham and South Milford), and was built as part of the Brotherton-Micklefield scheme in November 1964 by Dowsett Engineering Construction.
At the Selby Fork junction south of the Selby Fork Hotel, the A1246 continues southwards along the former A1, and the road enters the district of Selby, in North Yorkshire.
It follows Causeway Dike and passes through Hambleton, where to the east it crosses the Selby Diversion of the East Coast Main Line, and the A1238 (former A63) at a roundabout.
The route follows the six-mile £44 million Selby Bypass and £5 million Barlby Bypass, the latter of which is shared with the north-south A19, although the A19 still passes through Selby itself.
On the bypass the road passes Selby Golf Club, meets the A19 at a roundabout at Brayton, crosses the Selby Canal, crosses the Doncaster-Selby railway, meets the A1041 at a roundabout, and crosses the River Ouse (Ouse Swing Bridge) and the Selby-Hull railway.
The short section around Barlby follows what was the old East Coast Main Line railway before the Selby Diversion opened in the early 1980s.
An alternative route eastwards from the Selby bypass, to the M62, is the A1041 via Camblesforth, then the A645 past Drax power station.
It leaves at the Barlby Roundabout (completed May 2013; formerly a dangerous road junction) to the right, passing Osgodby then over the railway line and passes Hemingbrough.
The section from junction 38 of the M62 (its terminus) to the A1034 junction near South Cave was single carriageway before the M62 opened in May 1976.
The section was constructed as the dualling of the Caves Bypass and opened when the last eastern section of the M62 opened, completing the dual carriageway link to the outskirts of Hull.
The road skirts the southern edge of South Cave, and near Ellerker it crosses the former route (and Ermine Street from Brough, then known as Petuaria, to York) at the A1034 junction.
The road passes on the south side of South Hunsley School (with a leisure centre) at Melton, part of the parish of Welton.
The Humber bridge was designed to take some of Hull's traffic southwards, but the vast majority takes the A63 westwards, towards the M18.
The road passes on the south side of Hessle, next to Hessle railway station, and follows the Hull to Selby railway line closely on the southern side as far as the outskirts of Hull near the western docks.
The Castle Street section of the road (2011) had significant air pollution problems (NO2 levels), with over 55,000 vehicles per day, and had heavy congestion, having been at full capacity for around a decade; much of the traffic is heavy goods vehicles originating as a result of Ro-Ro activity at Hull Docks.
The road section also was experiencing high accident levels, as well as forming a barrier to local north-south movement within the town centre.
Split level junctions including passing under or over the A63 were considered for the bottleneck at the Mytongate roundabout, with additional congestion easing measures, and pedestrian bridges.
In March 2010 the Highways Agency established a preferred scheme – the A63 would be lowered at the Mytongate bottleneck, and the north south connecting roads raised slightly (), creating a split level junction; additionally the eastbound carriageway would be widened, and pedestrian crossings created.
It was originally named Garrison Road but the name was changed to Roger Millward Way in memory of the deceased rugby player in 2018.
Within Drypool there is a northwards junction with the A1165 (Great Union Street), and southwards junction connecting the Victoria Dock Village housing estate at the same point.
It is prone to congestion due to traffic from the Port of Hull and vehicles exiting Victoria Dock heading into the city centre.
On average, the greyish saltator is 20 cm long and weighs 52 g. The plumage depends on age and subspecies, but in general this bird has grey or greyish-olive upperparts, a white stripe over the eye, a narrow white throat, a grey breast and a buff or cinnamon belly.
It appears to be rather close to the type species, the buff-throated saltator, and thus seems more likely than not to retain its genus name.
This species occurs in open woodland, plains and scrub, from Mexico through Central America into southern South America, south to Peru and the Paraná River region in northern Argentina.
It forages at low and middle levels, sometimes in pairs or small groups and sometimes with mixed-species flocks that may include other saltators.
The two pale blue subelliptic eggs per clutch measure some 23–31.5 mm long by about 17–22 mm wide and weigh about 5 grams each.
Charles Nicolas Joseph Justin Favart (17 March 1749 in Paris – 1 or 2 February 1806) was a French playwright at the Comédie-Italienne for two decades.
Usually known as Nicolas Favart, formally Charles-Nicolas Favart or C.-N. Favart, he was simply Favart fils (Favart Jr) in his time.
His son Antoine-Pierre-Charles Favart (1780–1867) was in the diplomatic service, and assisted in editing his grandfather's memoirs; he was a playwright and painter as well.
The Brunswick Centre is a grade II listed residential and shopping centre in Bloomsbury, Camden, London, England, located between Brunswick Square and Russell Square.
The original plan extended up to Euston Road but the Ministry of Defence would not release the site of a building they leased for use by the Territorial Army (and that still stands next to the Centre today).
After failing to attract sufficient private buyers on time, the residential section was leased to the London Borough of Camden for use as council housing, while the developer retained ownership of the structure and shopping areas.
The exterior of the building was never painted because the Borough could not afford to complete work on the building after they took control.
In Hodgkinson's design, the blocks would have been painted cream, a shade typical of the Georgian period, as a homage to the terraced houses that previously stood on the site and those that still surround it.
This included the painting of the blocks in their originally-planned colour and the commissioning of artist Susanna Heron to introduce water features to the central space.
The major work was completed in late 2006 with the opening of branches of several high street chain stores and restaurants.
The dual management has caused problems though, as the landlord restored the structure of the estate but the council is responsible for maintenance of the residential properties – so while the concrete structure was restored, the windows remained untouched, detracting from the overall aesthetic of the development.
Now referring to itself as The Brunswick, the centre contains 560 flats, various shops, cafés and restaurants, a Waitrose supermarket, and a Curzon cinema.
It originally connected Exeter and Southampton, the original A35 ran along what is now the A3052 joining the present road at Charmouth.
After Dorchester, there are approximately of dual carriageway, including the Puddletown bypass, until it reaches its roundabout with the A31 road at Bere Regis.
Continuing roughly south-easterly still, it becomes dual carriageway again near Upton, before returning to a single carriageway through Poole and Bournemouth, apart from a small section of dual carriageway on Wessex Way.
It then heads in a north-easterly direction through the New Forest, passing through Lyndhurst where it meets the A337 road (to Lymington).
It then turns north-east, acting as the western part of Southampton's ring road, with the A27 road making up the eastern part.
In Bournemouth, it has been diverted around the Sovereign Centre of Boscombe along Centenary Way; much of its former road is now pedestrianised.
Some improvements have involved the construction of new dual carriageway bypasses such as the Puddletown bypass which opened in 1999, and others include new sections of single carriageway road, such as its straightening between Slepe and the Upton bypass in 2004, and the extension of the limit west of Slepe by in 2007.
The Puddletown dual carriageway (together with the A30 Honiton-Exeter dualling) were financed under a Design, Build, Finance and Operate (DBFO) contract running from 1996-2026.
Gaudette helped form a neighborhood group, along the lines of those organized by Saul Alinsky, on the far West Side of Chicago called Organization for a Better Austin.
His parents were Roman Catholic and his father a member of a railroad union, two critical influences on Tom Gaudette's later development as a community organizer.
Gaudette served with distinction in the United States Army Air Corps in World War II, surviving the famous raid on Ploesti, Romania, and by war's end earning the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and a Presidential Unit Citation.
By the 1950s Tom Gaudette and his wife Kay had settled in Chicago, where he worked as a vice-president for the Admiral Corporation.
Here, he was introduced to community organizing, for his new home had become a center of community organizing because of the work of Saul Alinsky and the Roman Catholic Church.
Alinsky-style community organizing is dedicated to creating grass-roots organizations led by local people with the end of combating government bureaucracies or businesses or other powers unresponsive to local concerns.
Instead, he or she may inspire local communities to action, but the organizer's real job is to identify leaders who can direct the community organizations, so that communities themselves can truly determine their own direction.
Identified with neither socialist thought nor the New Left of the 1960s, community organizing is thus a populist movement possessed of a profound faith in the democratic abilities of local communities to control their destiny.
His Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council successfully fought for major civic improvements and stands as a landmark success in the history of Alinsky's organizing.
An important reason for the success of Alinsky and the Back of the Yards Council was the strong support of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chicago, with its advocacy of social activism.
Auxiliary Bishop Bernard Sheil championed Alinsky's work in the Back of the Yards, and such other notable Chicago Roman Catholic Church leaders as Cardinal Samuel Stritch and Monsignor John Egan would continue to provide him with invaluable moral and financial support.
Active in their Roman Catholic parish, Tom and Kay Gaudette's involvement in the Christian Family Movement led to their joining the Chatham-Avalon Park Community Council in 1957.
Tom Gaudette emerged as a leader of this organization, serving as its president and spokesman in fights over such issues as zoning restrictions and controls on taverns in Chatham-Avalon Park.
Another key issue, dominant in the Chicago of the 1950s and 1960s, was the African-American integration of white, often ethnic, neighborhoods, with subsequent white flight to the suburbs.
Through his work in these areas, Gaudette met Father Egan, who, as head of the Chicago Archdiocesan Conservation Council concerned with integration, was beginning his rise in the ranks of Roman Catholic social activism.
Impressed with Guadette's character and leadership abilities, Egan believed him the right person to organize an area that the monsignor had targeted for such work: Chicago's West Town, a Polish-American community.
Saul Alinsky had refused Egan's earlier request to organize the area, citing the lack of money and an organizer to carry out the work.
Egan responded by raising money for the project from the archdiocese and sending Gaudette to Alinsky to interview for the position of organizer for West Town.
After an interview memorable for the profane give and take between the two, Alinsky hired Gaudette in 1961, leading to an eleven-year association between the men.
Gaudette went to work for Alinsky on Chicago's west side, organizing the Northwest Community Organization (NCO) in 1961, one of the hallmark Alinsky community organizations in Chicago.
After working with NCO, Gaudette, at the request of Father Egan and other clergy, turned his attention to South Austin in south Chicago.
His work here led to the Organization for a Better Austin (OBA) in 1966, notable for the fact that it brought together African-Americans and whites in an area tormented by racial strife.
Chicago would remain his base of operations, even after Tom Gaudette founded the Mid-America Institute for Community Development in 1972, the same year that Alinsky died.
Gaudette used the Institute (operated out of his Chicago home) for his work throughout the country and even Asia as an independent trainer and teacher of community organizers.
Monsignor Egan credited Tom Gaudette with inspiring more community organizers than any other person, many of whom originally worked with him.
These included Gail Cincotta, who was a member of OBA, and later would become one of the more successful organizers in the United States.
Cincotta's most remarkable accomplishment was her successful campaign for the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act, which the United States Congress passed in 1976.
Another one of Gaudette's more important successes has been his work with John Baumann, S.J., and the Pacific Institute for Community Organization, of Oakland, which stands as one of the more active community organizing networks in the United States today.
Various documents related to Thomas A. Gaudette are archived at Loyola Marymount University as part of its Center for the Study of Los Angeles collection.
It runs east from Birmingham past the National Exhibition Centre and the M42, then bypasses Coventry and Rugby, where it briefly merges with the M45 until it continues to Daventry.
It then heads to Northampton and Wellingborough before running north of Rushden and Higham Ferrers and terminating at its junction with the A14 road in Thrapston.
Prior to the construction of the M6 motorway it was the main route from the Midlands to Ipswich and to the Haven ports.
When the A1-M1 link road section of the current A14 opened in 1994 most of the A45 to the east of Cambridge was re-designated as the A14 and some sections to the west were downgraded to B-roads (including the B645 between Higham Ferrers and St Neots).
Around the same time, the A45 was re-routed around the south of Coventry when the city's southern bypass was completed ).
Initially, the A45 passed through Ipswich to Felixstowe; when the Orwell Bridge was opened in 1982, the road was diverted to pass over the new bridge.
When the new A14 link road between A1 near Huntingdon and the M1 (at its junction with the M6) was opened to traffic in the mid-1990s, the Cambridge to Felixstowe stretch of the A45 was re-designated as the A14 (and many of the villages the route went through were bypassed) and the St Neots to Cambridge section became part of an extended A428.
It passes over the River Cole and meets the A4040 at a grade-separated junction at the Swan Shopping Centre in Yardley.
The section of the A45 from Birmingham city centre to the M45 is all dual carriageway — urban dual carriageway with traffic lights until Birmingham Airport, then rural grade-separated between the airport and Coventry.
The road meets the A452 at Stonebridge at a grade separated junction and passes over the River Blythe where the road briefly enters Warwickshire.
The A45 becomes an urban road and skirts the south side of Coventry, crossing the A4114 near Allesley Park, the B4101 at Tile Hill, West Coast Main Line, A429 and B4113.
Beyond here the road takes a more rural nature, with a grade-separated junction with the A46 and the A444 (three level roundabout with underpass for the A46 and the A444, and an overpass for the A45).
In early 2017, the Tollbar End roundabout was upgraded and the junction is now a roundabout interchange with an underpass for the A46.
The A445 crosses at a roundabout near Ryton on Dunsmore, followed by the War Memorial Roundabout with the B4455 Fosse Way.
This Portland stone memorial obelisk on the roundabout just north of Stretton-on-Dunsmore commemorates King George V's review of the 29th Division before they were sent to Gallipoli.
The road enters Daventry and briefly runs concurrent with the A425 heading to Leamington Spa, then heads south-east on the Daventry bypass, here called the Stefen Way.
The road heads west past Dodford and then bypasses Weedon Bec, crossing the West Coast Main Line and Grand Union Canal and then meets the A5 at a roundabout constructed as part of the Daventry Development Link Road realignment which opened on 15 November 2018.
It then meets the older route (made of sections of the A5076 and A4500) at the A45 / A508 grade-separated junction, near Northampton High School.
It then crosses the River Nene and Nene Way, and after that, there is a large grade-separated junction with the A428 and the A5095).
The road then meets the Wellingborough bypass (A509) at a roundabout, although there is a segregated turn lane for westbound traffic wishing to continue on the A45.
It runs concurrently with the A509 to the grade-separated junction near the bridge over the River Nene, where the A509 exits south near Irchester Country Park.
There is a grade-separated junction for the A5001 into Rushden and the route runs alongside the River Nene, offering a second turning to Rushden at a roundabout with the A5001 again.
The section of dual carriageway from the M1 now ends at the next roundabout and the route from there is now single carriageway.
The route bypasses Ringstead and the A45 finishes at a grade-separated junction with the A14 (roundabout with overpass for the A14) near Thrapston.
Marie Justine Benoîte Favart (née Duronceray) (15 June 1727 – 22 April 1772) was an operatic singer, actress, and dancer, the wife of the dramatist, Charles Simon Favart.
To her is largely due the beginnings of the change in this theatre to performances of a lyric type adapted from Italian models, which developed later into the genuine French comic opera.
She was also a bold reformer in matters of stage costume, playing the peasant with bare arms, in wooden shoes and linen dress, and not, as heretofore, in court costume with enormous hoops, diamonds and long white kid gloves.
Maurice, comte de Saxe, a Marshal of France and her husband's patron, began to make advances to Mme Favart, and Favart was forced to flee.
Mme Favart was established by the marshal in a house at Vaugirard; proving a fickle mistress, she was suddenly arrested and confined in a convent, where she was brought to unconditional surrender in the beginning of 1750.
Before the year was out the marshal died, and Mme Favart reappeared at the Comédie Italienne, where for twenty years she was a great favourite.
In the edition in ten volumes of the works of the couple Favart, published in 1763-1772 at Duchesne (Paris), Volume 5 is devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Marie Justine Favart.
It was fitted with two 1,330 kW Turbomeca Makila 1A1 turboshaft engines, composite rotor blades, improved landing gear and a modified tailfin.
Canada had considered purchasing the Cougar to replace their CH-113 Labrador, but opted in the end to purchase the CH-149 Cormorant.
In 2012 France began a €288.8m project (€11.1m/unit) to upgrade 23 Army Cougars and 3 for the Air Force to address obsolescence issues and to deliver similar avionics to their EC225 and EC725 helicopters.
It runs north from Perth through Blairgowrie and Rattray, then through the Grampian Mountains by way of Glenshee, the Cairnwell Pass and Glen Clunie to Braemar in Aberdeenshire.
At Braemar, the road then switches east down the strath of the River Dee before crossing the A90 and terminating in Aberdeen.
Leaving Perth it passes Scone Palace, ancient coronation site of Scottish kings and now home to Britain's most northerly racecourse, continues through the planned 19th-century village of Guildtown before crossing the River Isla and passing the famous Meikleour Beech Hedge, planted to commemorate the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion and now the tallest hedge in the world.
6 miles up Glenericht it reaches the little village of Bridge of Cally and begins the long climb up into Glenshee, eventually passing the historic settlement of Spittal of Glenshee whose hotel was originally a shelter for travellers run by monks from Coupar Angus abbey.
At this point it climbs from Glenshee onto the bleak desolate moors of Glenbeg and the snow gates at Spittal of Glenshee are regularly closed in winter, which here can be from October to April, to prevent motorists becoming stranded overnight.
At the Cairnwell Pass, the road reaches its maximum altitude of 670 metres (2199 feet) above sea level and passes the Glenshee Ski Centre, Scotland's largest ski centre.
The southern approach to the Cairnwell Pass used to include a notorious double hairpin bend with steep gradients known as the Devil's Elbow.
This was bypassed by a new stretch of road in the early 1970s but the old hairpin bends and World War II anti-tank traps can be accessed on foot from a layby part way up the hill.
Over the summit of the Cairnwell Pass the road enters Aberdeenshire and the standard of the carriageway improves considerably, wider and better surfaced than the 42 miles in Perthshire.
Descending now, it runs along deserted Glen Clunie alongside the Clunie Water for 8 miles to Braemar, a pretty village 1110 feet above sea level at the west end of Royal Deeside.
So far the road has been running roughly north but here it turns east for the 60-mile descent to the North Sea at Aberdeen.
10 miles from Braemar it passes Balmoral Castle, holiday home of the Royal Family, then continues through Ballater, where many small local shops proudly display the Royal Warrant, Dinnet, Aboyne, Kincardine O'Neil, Banchory and Peterculter before entering Aberdeen city.
It runs south from Banff on the north coast through Aberchirder, Huntly, Rhynie and Mossat before terminating at its junction with the A93 road at Dinnet.
It has the distinction of being the city's oldest residential community, where people have continuously inhabited since it was settled in the 1630s.
The construction of the building also led to the development of the area now known as North Square, which was the center of community life.
Increase Mather, the minister of the North Meeting House, was an influential and powerful figure who attracted residents to the North End.
Part of Copp's Hill was converted to a cemetery, called the North Burying Ground (now known as Copp's Hill Burying Ground).
In the early stages of the Revolution, the Hutchinson Mansion, located in North Square, was attacked by anti-Stamp Act rioters on the evening of August 26, 1765, forcing then Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson to flee through his garden.
In 1770, 11-year-old Christopher Seider was part of an angry crowd that attacked the home of a Custom's Office employee, which was located on Hanover Street.
Successive waves of immigrants came to Boston and settled in the neighborhood, beginning with the Irish and continuing with Eastern European Jews and Italians.
Boston as a whole was prosperous, however, and the wealthy residents of the North End moved to newer, more fashionable neighborhoods such as Beacon Hill.
In 1849, a cholera epidemic swept through Boston, hitting the North End most harshly; most of the seven hundred victims were North Enders.
In the latter half of the 19th century, several charitable groups were formed in the North End to provide aid to its impoverished residents.
The North Bennet Street Industrial School (now known as North Bennet Street School) was also founded at around this time to provide North End residents with the opportunity to gain skills that would help them find employment.
Beginning in the 1880s, North End residents began to replace the dilapidated wooden housing with four- and five-story brick apartment buildings, most of which still stand today.
The city contributed to the revitalization of the neighborhood by constructing the North End Park and Beach, Copp's Hill Terrace, and the North End Playground.
Also during this time, the city of Boston upgraded many public facilities in the neighborhood: the Christopher Columbus School (now a condominium building), a public bathhouse, and a branch of the Boston Public Library were built.
These investments, as well as the creation of the Paul Revere Mall (also known as the Prado), contributed to the North End's modernization.
In 1918, the Spanish Influenza Pandemic hit the crowded North End severely; so many children were orphaned as a result of the pandemic that the city created the Home for Italian Children to care for them.
The following year, in 1919, the Purity Distilling Company's 2.3 million gallon molasses storage tank explosively burst open, causing the Great Molasses Flood.
In 1934, the Sumner Tunnel was constructed to connect the North End to East Boston, the location of the then-new Boston Airport (now Logan International Airport)and Boston's formerly second Little Italy.
In the 1950s the John F. Fitzgerald Expressway (locally known as the Central Artery) was built to relieve Boston’s traffic congestion.
Hundreds of North End buildings were demolished below Cross Street, and the Artery walled off the North End from downtown, isolating the neighborhood.
The increased traffic led to the construction of a second tunnel between the North End and East Boston; this second tunnel (the Callahan Tunnel) opened in 1961.
Although the construction of the Central Artery created years' worth of disorder, in the 1950s the North End had low disease rates, low mortality rates, and little street crime.
During this time, many shops in the neighborhood closed, the St. Mary's Catholic School and the St. Mary's Catholic Church closed, and the waterfront industries either relocated or went defunct.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the Boston Redevelopment Authority approved high-rise, high-density housing projects in the neighborhood while North End residents worked to build affordable housing for the elderly.
In 1976, the neighborhood welcomed President Ford and Queen Elizabeth II, who each visited the North End as part of the United States Bicentennial Celebrations.
During the late 20th century through the early 21st century, the Central Artery was dismantled and replaced by the Big Dig project.
Throughout the construction process, access to the North End was difficult for both residents and visitors; as a result, many North End businesses closed.
The North End's modern boundaries are to the northeast of the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway, with the outlet of the Charles and Mystic Rivers to the North, and Boston Harbor to the East.
The Charlestown Bridge crosses the mouth of the Charles River to connect the North End to Charlestown, while the Callahan Tunnel, Sumner Tunnel, and MBTA Blue Line tunnel connect it to East Boston.
Commercial Street and Atlantic Avenue border the neighborhood on the harbor side, while Hanover Street bisects the neighborhood and is the main north-south street.
Other notable green spaces include Cutillo Park, Langone Park, DeFilippo Playground, the Paul Revere Mall (The Prado),and the Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park.
No MBTA Subway station is within the neighborhood, but stations serving the Blue, Orange, and Green Lines are within 5-10 minute walks, including Aquarium, Haymarket, and North Station.
The majority of the North End's residents are White (90.88%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (3.69%), Asian (2.83%), Black/African Americans (1.13%), two or more races/ethnicities (1.01%) other race/ethnicity (0.29%), American Indian and Alaska Native (0.15%), and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (0.03%).
The North End is located within the A-1 police district (Downtown, Beacon Hill, and Chinatown are also included in this district).
Other areas of ongoing concern are several attacks on women in recent years and a series of breaking and enterings to residential apartments.
Members of the Patriarca crime family have historically lived in or operated out of the North End, including Gennaro Angiulo, Gaspare Messina, and the Dinunzio brothers (Anthony & Carmen).
A small community of free African Americans lived at the base of Copp's Hill from the 17th to the 19th century.
Members of this community were buried in the Copp's Hill Burying Ground, where a few remaining headstones can still be seen today.
Between 1845 and 1853, a massive wave of Irish immigrants settled in the North End; the neighborhood became predominantly Irish (the city's overall population was also affected, going from a predominantly Yankee-Protestant city to being one-third Irish in just a few years).
By 1922, however, the majority of Jewish residents had moved out of the North End, preferring other neighborhoods such as Roxbury.
The population of Italian immigrants in the North End grew steadily until reaching its peak, in 1930, of 44,000 (99.9% of the neighborhood's total population).
Although many businesses, social clubs, and religious institutions celebrate the neighborhood's Italian heritage, only about three percent of the North End's current residents are of Italian descent.
The street on which the building was constructed was renamed Michelangelo Street, and remains the only street in the North End with an Italian name.
Later immigrants found more opportunities in the construction trades, and by 1920 the neighborhood was served by Italian physicians, dentists, funeral homes, and barbers.
After World War II, however, Italian Americans began to gain political power which then helped the community to address these issues.
Italian feasts, such as the Feast of St. Anthony and the Fisherman's Feast, are still celebrated in the streets of the North End, and draw large crowds.
It consists of framed portraits of Roman Catholic saints hung on a brick wall, some of which are visible from the street.
Every summer, the residents of the North End hold festivals (feasts) to honor the patron saints of different regions in Italy.
Statues of the saints are paraded down the streets of the neighborhood while well-wishers attach dollar bills to the statues as a donation and show of support.
The North End has a mixture of architecture from all periods of American history, including early structures such as the Old North Church (1723), the Paul Revere House (1680), the Pierce-Hichborn House (1711), and the Clough House (1712).
However, the bulk of the architecture seen in the area today dates from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, when tenement architecture replaced mansions and other buildings to accommodate the influx of immigrants.
By the time of the Great Depression, the North End's reputation as a city slum resulted in lending discrimination; the area's residents could not obtain mortgages for construction or rehabilitation.
Instead, residents, many of whom were carpenters, electricians, plumbers, and masons, lent their labor to each other and succeeded at rehabilitating the North End's buildings at low cost.
Starting in the mid-1970s, the abandoned industrial area along the North End's waterfront was rebuilt and converted into a luxury housing and business district.
The school opened as the North Writing School in 1713 and merged with the North Latin School in 1790 to form the John Eliot School; it is Boston's oldest continuously-run school.
Between 2007 and 2011, school administrators instituted a successful improvement program, and, by 2012 the Eliot school was classified as an innovation school which was recognized for excellence by Governor Deval Patrick.
The North End is also home to the North Bennet Street School, a trade and craftmanship school that was founded in 1885.
Commercial Street has two lanes of northbound and one lane of southbound traffic; and goes around the North End's eastern perimeter.
The North End is accessible via mass transit, including the MBTA's Orange and Green Lines at Haymarket and North Station, the Blue Line at Aquarium Station, four commuter rail lines at North Station, and by the 4, 89/93, 92, 93, 111, 117, 191, 192, 193, 325, 326, 352, 354, 424, 426, 426/455, and 428 bus lines.
Several ferries depart from Long Wharf, connecting the North End by water to Hull, Hingham, Charlestown, Salem (seasonally), Provincetown (seasonally), and Logan Airport.
Boston Harbor Cruises' on demand water taxis stop at five North End docks: Long Wharf, Yacht Haven Marina, Sargents Wharf, Burroughs Wharf, and Battery Wharf.
Three BLUEBikes (formerly Hubway) bikeshare stations are on the edges of neighborhood: at Commercial and Fleet Streets, Hanover and Cross Streets, and Atlantic Avenue and Long Wharf.
It runs west from its junction with the A82 road at Invergarry (), along the north shores of Loch Garry and Loch Cluanie, then down through Glen Shiel and along Loch Duich to Kyle of Lochalsh before crossing the Skye Bridge to Kyleakin, Broadford, and Portree, before terminating at Uig in the north of the Isle of Skye.
Until the 1960s, the road ran along Glen Garry as far as Tomdoun, before heading north over the hills to Glen Loyne, where it crossed Loch Loyne with two bridges.
The A87 route used to involve a short ferry crossing over Loch Long at Dornie, but this has since been replaced with a bridge.
In 1995 the Skye Bridge replaced the ferry between Kyle of Localsh on the mainland and Kyleakin on the Isle of Skye.
It runs east from Oban along the south bank of Loch Etive, through Lochawe and Tyndrum, Crianlarich, Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Crieff before passing through Perth, where it crosses the River Tay via Perth Bridge.
It then multiplexes with the A90 to the Swallow Roundabout before diverging to follow the Invergowrie Bypass, Riverside Avenue and Riverside Drive before terminating in Dundee city centre.
The A90 road from Perth to Dundee was previously numbered A85; on opening of an upgraded A94 to Aberdeen the A90 number was continued across the Friarton Bridge (previously M85) and on to the A85 route, then from Swallow Roundabout to Aberdeen.
The Perth-Dundee stretch was formerly part of the Euroroute system, of route E120 which ran in a circular route between Inverness, Aberdeen, Dundee and Perth.
Some statistics seem to show that the stretch of the A85 between Oban and Tyndrum is among the ten most dangerous roads in Scotland.
It runs south west from Edinburgh for approximately 70 miles, through Saughton, Wilkieston and south of Livingston, Whitburn and Wishaw, then by way of Overtown, Garrion Bridge, Stonehouse, Strathaven, Darvel, Newmilns, Galston, Hurlford and Kilmarnock to Irvine on the North Ayrshire coast.
Formerly a trunk route from the east to the west coast of Scotland it has since been downgraded to a mix of primary and secondary routes.
It passes through the village of Wilkieston and onto the Mid Calder bypass, which leads the route to the south of Livingston.
West of Livingston, the A71 turns sharply south west, bypassing Shotts, Newmains and Wishaw then descends steeply into the Clyde Valley, over Garrion Bridge at the junction with the A72.
The A71 climbs steeply up the western side of the Clyde valley on a road which it shares for a very short section with the A72.
When the A71 peaks at the top of the valley, it goes under the M74 at Jct 8 (a junction known locally as Canderside Toll), before turning towards the village of Stonehouse, where a bypass takes traffic to the north of the narrow village roads, before descending into the Avon valley and into Strathaven.
This village, at a meeting of the A71, A723 and A726, provides a link to East Kilbride and Paisley, as well as to Lanark, Hamilton and Motherwell.
The A71 then becomes a narrow and winding road across moorland, as the road ascends to the head of the Avon valley.
At the highest point is Loudoun Hill, an ancient site of human occupation, and the road here follows the route of a minor Roman road which once linked the Clyde Valley and the coast.
The road descends into the Irvine Valley, going through the towns of Darvel and Newmilns, and bypassing Galston and then through Hurlford.
At Darvel, the A71 becomes a primary route for the rest of its length to Irvine, and widens slightly, with a straighter alignment until its junction with the A77, south of Kilmarnock.
A crash barrier runs along the central reservation of the dual-carriageway from the A77 to the boundary with North Ayrshire at Dreghorn.
In mid 2014, the road began to subside between Darvel and Newmilns, with the westbound lane being affected near to the entrance to Gowanbank House.
Traffic lights were put in place while a solution was sought, however as of January 2017, a solution has been found and the traffic lights have been lifted.
The history of the province of Scania was for many hundred years, up until the 18th century, marked by the struggle between the two Scandinavian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden over the hegemony in the Baltic area.
It was previously thought that society in Scania, like in the rest of Scandinavia, was made up of farmers mostly Fen farmers and cattle farmers, thralls, the farmer being free and equal, and having their say at the Things in the affairs of society.
The plains were to a large extent divided up between large farms which were far bigger than smallholdings, and were often grouped in villages.
Scania had 5 main tribes each having had their own Thanes (leaders), and their own group of warriors, all under the command of the King of Scania.
It now seems likely that a period of domestic colonization within Scania that was earlier believed to have started before the Viking Age, in reality largely took place after the Viking Age, when donations of land to monasteries led to influences from Continental Europe.
Between 1104 and 1536, Lund was the Archbishopric of Denmark, and the Danish National Banner, Dannebrog, was preserved in the Cathedral for several centuries.
King Magnus took advantage of his neighbour's distress, redeeming these lands for the eastern Danish provinces for a huge amount of silver, which included Scania.
The province was later reconquered by the great Danish king Valdemar IV of Denmark in 1360, as part of his conquest campaign to regain previously lost Danish territory.
During parts of the Middle Ages, Scania was known throughout Northern Europe for its herring and the market where it was sold.
The Union was largely a creation of Queen Margaret who had become Queen in Denmark and Norway in 1387, as her only son, King Olaf II of Denmark and IV of Norway died.
Her adopted son Boguslaw, actual son of a Polish-Pomeranian Duke, was given the name Eric of Pomerania, as he was crowned King of all three Scandinavian countries on 17 June 1397 in Kalmar, hence the name of the Union.
King Eric founded the Scanian Town, which today is known as Landskrona at the central part of the all Danish Øresund, and introduced the Sound Dues (Øresundtolden) in 1429, which was to last until 1857 (with exception of Swedish ships between 1658 and 1720).
By this he secured a large stable income for his kingdom that made it relatively rich and which made the town of Elsinore (Helsingør) flowering.
By possessing both sides of the Öresund strait, as well as The Belts, Denmark had effective control over the entrance to the Baltic Sea and was able to monopolize trade through the sounds.
The Sound Dues constituted the major source of income for the Danish crown, up until the 19th century and was resented by the Swedish Crown.
In the winter of 1612, over a period of two weeks, the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf burned down or otherwise destroyed 24 Scanian parishes and most of their population without meeting any enemy troops.
The largest destroyed settlement was the Town Væ, which two years later was replaced by Danish King Christian IV as the nearby Christiansted (after the Swedification process, spelled Kristianstad), the last Scanian town to be founded by a Danish king.
Following the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Scania together with all Danish lands east of Øresund became a possession of the Swedish Crown.
This treaty followed the Dano-Swedish War (1657-1658), which was a part of a wider war, which also included Poland and some of the German states of that time.
This resulted in a Swedish defeat, and as a result of the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660) Bornholm was returned to Denmark and the present border between the countries was established.
Scania, together with the other so-called Scanian provinces, was placed under a Governor-General taking up residence in the city of Malmö.
This type of government was used in territories which were not fully integrated and were regarded as being more exposed to enemy attacks.
However, there had long been plans to establish a university in Götaland and with the new borders Lund and Scania were chosen.
In 1676 was the province regained by Denmark and many Scanians either joined the Danish army or fought with the Danish.
Landskrona Citadel became used as the primary Danish base and recruitment centre Turning points came with the Swedish victories in the Battle of Lund in December 1676 and the Battle of Landskrona in July 1677.
For a tiny sum should the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660) borders be restored, and yet again would Scania become subordinated to the Swedish King against the will of its people.
In 1682, the Diet downgraded the Council of State to a King's Council and gave the king unlimited powers to legislate without the need for confirmation from the Diet.
A decision not to honour the agreement of the Malmö Recess soon followed and a tougher Swedification program was implemented in Scania, aiming to create uniformity within the Swedish kingdom.
Scania was allowed to retain its old laws and customs until 1683, at which point the Swedish administration persuaded the Scanian aristocracy to waive the Scanian laws and privileges in favour of the new Swedish law and church ordinance, as a condition for allowing Scanians to have representation in the Swedish parliament.
The propaganda was not only aimed at convincing the Swedish population of the king's divinely ordained power, but was also part of a campaign to present Sweden to the world as an imperial power of considerable wealth and military glory.
Blekinge and especially Halland were successively removed from the Skåneland dominion and became fully integrated into the Swedish Kingdom, while the four counties of Scania were joined into one county.
The latest battle between Denmark and Sweden concerning the control of Scania was the Battle of Helsingborg (1710) during the Great Northern War.
Scania, eventually became an official part of Sweden after a treaty in Stockholm of 3 July 1720, although Scania had been divided into two counties, Malmöhus County (labeled after the Castle Malmöhus) and Kristianstad County already in the year before.
Between 1801 and 1809, Johan Christopher Toll was appointed Governor-General of Scania, with the county governors of Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County answering to him.
In the Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645), Sweden's representatives stipulated toll freedom in Öresund for the country, and after this point, Sweden was exempted from paying the Danish Sound Toll.
King Charles XII took up residence in the city of Lund for two years after his return to Sweden from the Ottoman Empire in 1716.
The last peace treaty between Sweden and Denmark was signed in the summer of 1720 (in Stockholm), and from that year Scania became a Swedish province.
Rutger Macklean was the first to enforce this largely good reform in the 1780s, at his feudal domains around Svaneholm Castle.
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, the future king Charles XIV John, landed in Helsingborg on the 20 of October 1810 on his way from Paris to Stockholm.
In the aftermath two men publicly first got their right hand cut off and then were beheaded at Stortorget square in Malmö.
The first horse-drawn railway (although with wooden rails) on Swedish soil was opened in 1798 at Höganäs, connecting the coal mine with the harbour.
Train ferries began to sail the HH route between Helsingborg and Elsinore in 1892 and from 1909 on the route Trelleborg – Sassnitz, Germany.
In order to confirm the joint Scandinavian neutrality during the then ongoing World War, the Swedish King Gustav V, the Danish King Christian X and (his brother) the Norwegian King Håkon VII met together with their Ministers of Foreign Affairs, at Malmö.
In 1924 the world's shortest international air route was opened from Malmö Bulltofta Airport to Copenhagen, Denmark, using Junkers F 13.
Then Germany gave the Russian communist agitator Vladimir Lenin and his companions in Switzerland a safe-conduct through the German Empire, in the hope that Lenin and the communists would destabilise Russia so that hopefully peace could be achieved at the Eastern Front.
In August 1917 Lenin and his entourage arrived to Scania, on this historically important journey, through the train ferry line between Saßnitz (Germany) and Trelleborg (Scania in Sweden).
For the 1958 FIFA World Cup was Malmö Stadion build, it was a venue for both football and track and field.
A new administrative pattern was set up 1997 when Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County were amalgamated, forming Skåne County with 33 municipalities.
At 6.22 am CET, on 16 December 2008 did a very unusual earthquake hit not only Scania, but was felt in large parts of Götaland, Denmark and Northern Germany and Poland.
Its epicentre was located close to Sjöbo, and measured 4.8–4.9 on the Richter Scale, and was the worst earthquake in Sweden for a century or longer, according to the closest seismographic station, which is located in Berlin, Germany The craw-flight distance between Sjöbo and Berlin is less than 400 km.
An ecumenical liturgy was held in the 900 year old Lund Cathedral and the following morning the pope conducted a Catholic mass at Malmö FF's football stadium.
During the ecumenical commemoration in the Cathedral the Pope and the president of the Lutheran World Federation, Bishop Dr Munib Younan signed a treaty in which Lutherans and Catholics promised each other to in the future see more to what unites than differs between these two branches of Christianity (The Pope had earlier done the same with the Orthodox Church).
Francesco Minerva (31 January 1904 – 23 August 2004) was an Italian clergyman; at his death he was the second-oldest living bishop in the Roman Catholic Church, after Corrado Bafile.
Pope Pius XII named Minerva bishop of Nardò in 1948, and in 1950 transferred him to the somewhat larger diocese of Lecce.
While his successor in Nardò, Corrado Ursi, went on to become Archbishop of Naples and a Cardinal, Minerva continued in Lecce, which was elevated to an archdiocese in 1980, and retired in 1981.
In most occupied climates water offers the thermal conductivity advantages of a liquid with unusually high specific heat capacity and the option of evaporative cooling.
Low cost often allows rejection as waste after a single use, but recycling coolant loops may be pressurized to eliminate evaporative loss and offer greater portability and improved cleanliness.
Disadvantages of water cooling systems include accelerated corrosion and maintenance requirements to prevent heat transfer reductions from biofouling or scale formation.
Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and large industrial facilities such as nuclear and steam electric power plants, hydroelectric generators, petroleum refineries and chemical plants.
Other uses include cooling the barrels of machine guns, cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; cooling products from tanks or columns; for cooling in HVAC in chillers , and recently, cooling of various major components inside high-end personal computers such as CPUs, GPUs, and motherboards.
Water has unusually high specific heat capacity among commonly available liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure allowing efficient heat transfer over distance with low rates of mass transfer.
Water's high enthalpy of vaporization allows the option of efficient evaporative cooling to remove waste heat in cooling towers or cooling ponds.
Water is an ideal cooling medium for vessels as they are constantly surrounded by water that generally remains at a low temperature throughout the year.
Water containing sediment may require velocity restrictions through piping to avoid erosion at high velocity or blockage by settling at low velocity.
Flow characteristics of recirculating cooling water systems encourage colonization by sessile organisms to use the circulating supply of food, oxygen and nutrients.
Biofouling of heat exchange surfaces can reduce heat transfer rates of the cooling system; and biofouling of cooling towers can alter flow distribution to reduce evaporative cooling rates.
Temperature differences may discourage establishment of thermophilic populations in intermittently operated facilities; and intentional short term temperature spikes may periodically kill less tolerant populations.
Preservation of machinery in the presence of hot water has been improved by addition of corrosion inhibitors including zinc, chromates and phosphates.
With the exception of machines with short design life, closed recirculating systems require periodic cooling water treatment or replacement raising similar concern about ultimate disposal of cooling water containing chemicals used with environmental safety assumptions of a closed system.
Total dissolved solids or TDS (sometimes called filtrable residue) is measured as the mass of residue remaining when a measured volume of filtered water is evaporated.
Corrosion rates initially increase with salinity in response to increasing electrical conductivity, but then decrease after reaching a peak as higher levels of salinity decrease dissolved oxygen levels.
Acid may be added to cooling water systems to prevent scale formation if the pH decrease will offset increased salinity and dissolved solids.
Concentrations of polyphosphates or phosphonates with zinc and chromates or similar compounds have been maintained in cooling systems to keep heat exchange surfaces clean so a film of gamma iron oxide and zinc phosphate may inhibit corrosion by passivating anodic and cathodic reaction points.
These increase salinity and total dissolved solids, and phosphorus compounds may provide the limiting essential nutrient for algal growth contributing to biofouling of the cooling system or to eutrophication of natural aquatic environments receiving blowdown or OTC water.
Chromates reduce biofouling in addition to effective corrosion inhibition, but residual toxicity in blowdown or OTC water has encouraged reduced chromate concentrations and use of less flexible corrosion inhibitors.
Chlorine may be added in the form of hypochlorite to decrease biofouling, but is later reduced to chloride to minimize toxicity of blowdown or OTC water returned to natural aquatic environments.
Water returned to aquatic environments at temperatures higher than the ambient receiving water modify aquatic habitat by increasing biochemical reaction rates and decreasing oxygen saturation capacity of the habitat.
Temperature increases initially favor a population shift from species requiring the high-oxygen concentration of cold water to those enjoying advantages of increased metabolic rates in warm water.
Such facilities are built with intake structures designed to pump in large volumes of water at a high rate of flow.
These structures tend to also pull in large numbers of fish and other aquatic organisms, which are killed or injured on the intake screens.
Large flow rates may immobilize slow-swimming organisms including fish and shrimp on screens protecting the small bore tubes of the heat exchangers from blockage.
High temperatures or pump turbulence and shear may kill or disable smaller organisms passing the screens entrained with the cooling water.
More agile aquatic predators consume organisms impinged on the screens; and warm water predators and scavengers colonize the cooling water discharge to feed on entrained organisms.
As an alternative to OTC, industrial cooling towers may use river water, coastal water (seawater), or well water as their source of fresh cooling water.
The large mechanical induced-draft or forced-draft cooling towers in industrial plants continuously circulate cooling water through heat exchangers and other equipment where the water absorbs heat.
That heat is then rejected to the atmosphere by the partial evaporation of the water in cooling towers where upflowing air is contacted with the circulating downflow of water.
This method was common in early internal combustion engines, until scale buildup was observed from dissolved salts and minerals in the water.
Modern open cooling systems continuously waste a fraction of recirculating water as blowdown to remove dissolved solids at concentrations low enough to prevent scale formation.
Automotive and many other engine cooling applications require the use of a water and antifreeze mixture to lower the freezing point to a temperature unlikely to be experienced.
Antifreeze also inhibits corrosion from dissimilar metals and can increase the boiling point, allowing a wider range of water cooling temperatures.
Its distinctive odor also alerts operators to cooling system leaks and problems that would go unnoticed in a water-only cooling system.
The heated coolant mixture can also be used to warm the air inside the car by means of the heater core.
Such products are used to enhance the cooling of underperforming or undersized cooling systems or in racing where the weight of a larger cooling system could be a disadvantage.
As these devices uses high operation voltages ( around 10 kV), the use of deionized water is required and it has to be carefully controlled.
Water cooling is however also sometimes used for thyristors of HVDC valves, for which also the use of deionized water is required.
This type of cooling is a solution to ensure the optimisation of energy efficiency while simultaneously minimising noise and space requirements.
After disassembly of the rack, advanced technology quick release couplings eliminate spillage for the safety of operators and protects the integrity of fluids (no impurities in the circuits).
Water cooling often adds complexity and cost in comparison to air cooling design by requiring a pump, tubing or piping to transport the water, and a radiator, often with fans, to reject the heat to the atmosphere.
Depending on the application, water cooling may create an additional element of risk where leakage from the water coolant recycle loop may corrode or short-circuit sensitive electronic components.
The primary advantage of water cooling for cooling CPU cores in computing equipment is transporting heat away from the source to a secondary cooling surface to allow for large, more optimally designed radiators rather than small, relatively inefficient fins mounted directly on the heat source.
Through the 1990s, water cooling for home PCs slowly gained recognition among enthusiasts, but it started to become noticeably more prevalent after the introduction of the first Gigahertz-clocked processors in the early 2000s.
As of 2018, there are dozens of manufacturers of water cooling components and kits, and many computer manufacturers include preinstalled water cooling solutions for their high-performance systems.
By transferring device heat to a separate heat exchanger which can variously be made large and use larger, lower-speed fans, water cooling can allow quieter operation, improved processor speeds (overclocking), or a balance of both.
They were made from car radiators (or more commonly, a car's heater core), aquarium pumps and home-made water blocks, laboratory-grade PVC and silicone tubing and various reservoirs (homemade using plastic bottles, or constructed using cylindrical acrylic or sheets of acrylic, usually clear) and or a T-Line.
Water cooling systems in which water is cooled directly by the evaporator coil of a phase change system are able to chill the circulating coolant below the ambient air temperature (impossible with a standard heat exchanger) and, as a result, generally provide superior cooling of the computer's heat-generating components.
The downside of phase-change or thermoelectric cooling is that it uses much more electricity, and antifreeze must be added due to the low temperature.
Additionally, insulation, usually in the form of lagging around water pipes and neoprene pads around the components to be cooled, must be used in order to prevent damage caused by condensation of water vapour from the air on chilled surfaces.
An alternative cooling system, which enables components to be cooled below the ambient temperature, but which obviates the requirement for antifreeze and lagged pipes, is to place a thermoelectric device (commonly referred to as a 'Peltier junction' or 'pelt' after Jean Peltier, who documented the effect) between the heat-generating component and the water block.
Because the only sub-ambient temperature zone now is at the interface with the heat-generating component itself, insulation is required only in that localized area.
Apple's Power Mac G5 was the first mainstream desktop computer to have water cooling as standard (although only on its fastest models).
Machine guns used in fixed defensive positions sometimes use water cooling to extend barrel life through periods of rapid fire, but the weight of the water and pumping system significantly reduces the portability of water-cooled firearms.
A hospital in Sweden relies on snow-cooling from melt-water from to cool its data centers, medical equipment, and maintain a comfortable ambient temperature.
For the main cooling system, normal water is preferably employed through the use of a heat exchanger, as heavy water is much more expensive.
High-grade industrial water (produced by reverse osmosis or distillation) and potable water are sometimes used in industrial plants requiring high-purity cooling water.
This metamaterial aids in cooling of water and increasing the efficiency of power generation, in which it would cool the underneath objects, by reflecting the sun's rays while at the same time allowing the surface to discharge its heat as an infrared thermal radiation.
The first Regius Professorship was in the field of medicine, and founded by the Scottish King James IV at the University of Aberdeen in 1497.
Regius chairs have since been instituted in various universities, in disciplines judged to be fundamental and for which there is a continuing and significant need.
Each was established by an English, Scottish, or British monarch, and following proper advertisement and interview through the offices of the university and the national government, the current monarch still appoints the professor (except for those at the University of Dublin in Ireland, which left the United Kingdom in 1922).
In October 2012 it was announced that Queen Elizabeth II would create up to six new Regius Professorships, to be announced in early 2013, to mark her Diamond Jubilee.
In January 2013 the full list was announced, comprising twelve new chairs, probably the largest number ever created in one year, and more than created in most centuries.
The A62 is a major road in Northern England that runs between the two major cities of Manchester and Leeds, covering a distance of .
The A62 runs north east from the Manchester Inner Ring Road (beginning as Oldham Street and Oldham Road) through Failsworth and Oldham then Saddleworth before crossing the Pennines at Standedge into West Yorkshire.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur () is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East.
The future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of Mongol Empire under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and later Manchus held until 1858 treaty of Aigun ceded the area to the Russian Empire.
The village of Permskoye () was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now Perm Krai.
The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932.
However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of penal labour from the prison camps situated in the area.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk-on-Amur serves as the administrative center of Komsomolsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 19 October 1943 were formed Lenin, Stalin and Central areas.
Areas of the city are very different architectural appearance: Center Stalinist buildings dominated the 40-50s (exception - the residential area near the railway station), Dzemgi is built up mainly typical panel apartment blocks.
Temperatures in the area of the city typically change by over over the course of the year, with a daily average of in January, compared to in July.
It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes.
It runs north east from Prescot on the outskirts of Liverpool via St Helens, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Hindley, Westhoughton, Bolton, Bury, Heywood, Rochdale and Littleborough, then over the Pennines into West Yorkshire.
The road then goes through Ripponden and Sowerby Bridge to Halifax and onwards to Leeds via the villages of Hipperholme, Birkenshaw and Drighlington.
It runs through Leeds as the A58(M) motorway (part of the Leeds Inner Ring Road), then north-east through Scarcroft, Bardsey and Collingham to its terminus at Wetherby.
The original route between Leeds and Wetherby was bypassed with a new dual carriageway diverting from Roundhay Road/ Wetherby Road, at the old Fforde Grene junction in Harehills.
The re-routed section was constructed in the 1930s and had a branch of the Leeds Tramway running along the central reservation until the 1950s.
Constance succeeded her father at the age of two, after he fell in battle, although his cousin, Roger II of Sicily, laid claim to Antioch.
After he died in 1131, Alice again tried to take control of the government, but the Antiochene barons acknowledged the right of her brother-in-law, Fulk of Anjou, to rule as regent for Constance.
After her second husband fell into captivity around 11601161, Constance wanted to rule Antioch alone, but BaldwinIII of Jerusalem declared her fifteen-year-old son, Bohemond III, the lawful prince.
Born in 1128, Constance was the only child of Prince Bohemond II of Antioch and Alice, the second daughter of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem.
According to rumors spreading in Antioch, Alice was planning to send Constance to a monastery or to marry her off to a commoner.
Bohemond's cousin, Roger II of Sicily, regarded himself as Bohemond's lawful successor because he was the senior member of the House of Hauteville.
The Antiochene noblemen sent envoys to Baldwin II, urging him to come to the principality, but Alice decided to resist her father.
However, most Antiochene lords remained hostile to the idea of a female ruler and sent envoys to BaldwinII's successor, Fulk of Anjou, who was Alice's brother-in-law.
Fulk had to travel to Antioch by sea, because Pons did not allow him to march through the County of Tripoli.
Alice wanted to tighten the relationship of the principality and the Byzantine Empire; therefore, she offered Constance's hand to Manuel, a son of the Byzantine Emperor, John II Komnenos.
To prevent the Byzantine marriage, Fulk sent his envoy to France to Raymond of Poitiers to urge him to come to Antioch, which he did, traveling in disguise, because RogerII of Sicily wanted to capture him in southern Italy.
Ralph of Domfront, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, made Alice believe that Raymond came to Antioch to marry her instead of her nine-year-old daughter.
In early 1147 Roger II of Sicily extended an offer to Louis VII of France to transport the French crusaders to the Holy Land during the Second Crusade.
Fearing that Roger only wanted to assert his claim to Antioch, LouisVII and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine (niece of Raymond of Poitiers) declined.
The crusaders tried to convince her husband to launch a campaign against Aleppo, the capital of Nur ad-Din, but LouisVII decided to leave Antioch to Jerusalem, forcing Eleanor to accompany him.
He wanted to persuade Constance to remarry, proposing three candidates (Yves, Count of Soissons, Walter of Saint Omer, and Ralph of Merle), but she declined.
The two ladies tried to persuade Constance to choose among the three candidates, but she returned to Antioch without making a promise to remarry.
According to William of Tyre, Patriarch Aimery convinced Constance to resist, because he wanted to control the government of the principality.
Historian Steven Runciman says that Constance may have refused the candidates proposed by BaldwinIII and ManuelI because she had met Raynald of Châtillon, a knight from France.
After her husband fell into captivity, Constance announced her intention to administer the principality, but most Antiochene noblemen preferred a male ruler.
BaldwinIII of Jerusalem hurried to Antioch and declared Constance's fifteen-year-old son, Bohemond III, the lawful prince, charging Patriarch Aimery with the administration of the principality.
Manuel dispatched his nephew, Alexios Bryennios Komnenos, and John Kamateros to Antioch to begin negotiations about his marriage to Constance's daughter, Maria.
Constance's first husband, Raymond of Poitiers, was the second son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and his second wife, Philippa of Toulouse.
Whether the father of Constance's second son, Baldwin, was Raymond of Poitiers or Raynald of Châtillon cannot be determined with certainty.
It forms part of Canterbury's ring road before leaving via Wincheap and Thanington Without, where a sliproad linking to the A2 was completed in 2011, and passing between the North Downs via Chartham, Chilham, Godmersham and Bilting.
The A28 reenters suburbs at Kennington, a suburb of Ashford, but skirts around the town centre on a section of dual carriageway.
Bypassing Great Chart, the road undulates around the Kentish Weald via Bethersden and High Halden, to the market town of Tenterden.
The A28 continues via Rolvenden and Newenden before crossing a narrow bridge over the River Rother and entering East Sussex via Northiam, beyond which the road becomes very winding.
The first stretch of the A33 is a relatively new road, built as the A33 relief road, which starts on the Inner Distribution Road and bypasses most of suburban Reading, servicing the Kennet Island residential development, Madejski Stadium and Green Park Business Park, towards the M4, where it connects at junction 11.
The first stretch of this road follows the route of the old Coley branch railway, including a passage under the railway era bridge carrying Berkeley Avenue.
A two-year redevelopment scheme ran from early 2008 until late 2010, widening the northern section of the dual carriageway and significantly expanding and improving the motorway junction.
The section south of the M4 is dual carriageway up to the county boundary with Hampshire, where it reverts to single carriageway towards Basingstoke.
The road from here to Winchester is a scenic mix of single and dual carriageway, that was progressively improved in the late 1960s.
At Kings Worthy, the road diverts onto part of the original Winchester Bypass, constructed in the late 1930s, up to the A34.
The third section of A33 starts at the Chilworth Roundabout, a junction with the M3 and A27, and runs south into the centre of Southampton and further south to Ocean Village.
It then turns west and into dual carriageway at a roundabout near the Isle of Wight ferry terminal, past the docks and through Town Quay to run along West Quay Road, continuing past Leisure World and Ikea (which is partially responsible for congestion on the road and immediate surroundings due to its popularity, particularly on weekends).
The A33 then bears left slightly to carry on along the Millbrook Road West dual carriageway to meet the M271 and A35 at Redbridge Flyover.
The A33 originally started at a junction with what was the A32 at Riseley Common and was a continuous route to Southampton Between Basingstoke and Southampton, it mostly followed the course of the historic Roman Road between these towns.
While a significant improvement at the time, as other parts of the road were improved around it, it became increasingly ineffective and dangerous.
It runs north from the A35 at Dorchester in Dorset into Somerset through Yeovil and Shepton Mallet before terminating at the Three Lamps junction with the A4 in central Bristol.
The road is entirely single carriageway, except in the Yeovil and Bristol built-up areas, at Ilchester (where it multiplexes with the A303), and north of Dorchester.
These parts of the road can be dangerous, especially where wide vehicles pass on sections where buildings are close to the road.
was soon renumbered A354, presumably to create a link between the major port of Weymouth and the A30 at Salisbury, from where the route would continue to London.
The junction was also a point where traffic would converge or pass through from multiple locations, this was further exacerbated by the A361 Glastonbury junction which backed right onto the first junction.
After a long campaign for the junction to be replaced, a roundabout was constructed in 1999 significantly improving road safety and traffic flow.
In recent years most of the overtaking lanes, provided on steep stretches just south of Bristol, have been blocked out with chevrons.
Slut is generally a term for a woman or girl who is considered to have loose sexual morals or who is sexually promiscuous.
From the late 20th century, there have been attempts to reclaim the word, exemplified by various SlutWalk parades, and some individuals embrace the title as a source of pride.
These definitions identify a slut as a woman of low character—a person who lacks the ability or chooses not to exercise a power of discernment to order her affairs.
The lack of a comparably popular term for men highlights the double standard in societal expectations (gender roles) between males and females, as negative terms for sexually promiscuous males are rare.
Hence, women may find it difficult to hold high positions at their workplace, whereas men may be mocked for choosing to be stay-at-home fathers.
Although a sexually active and professionally successful woman might be seen as a threat, a man without those qualities is often regarded with suspicion and questions about his sexuality.
Unlike women, who are usually policed for being sexually promiscuous, men are often criticized for not being masculine or dominant enough, thus questioning their heterosexuality.
Unlike women, who are expected to be sexually chaste, men are expected to be sexually active, thus having more sexual freedom.
The term has been reappropriated to express the rejection of the concept that government, society, or religion may judge or control one's personal liberties, and the right to control one's own sexuality.
Though people in society are vocally anti-rape, there is an insinuation that certain types of rape are acceptable or that women are voluntarily taking actions that justify sexual advances.
Many slut walks or movements protest against the idea that a woman's appearance, often considered promiscuous, is a justification of sexual assault and rape.
The participants in these walks protest against individuals that excuse rape due to the woman's appearance, including victim blaming and slut shaming; slut walks have now become a worldwide movement.
Model and actress Amber Rose was one of the first people to conduct and take a lead for a SlutWalk for people of color.
This event is a zero tolerance event and we do not condone hateful language, racism, sexism, ableism, fat-shaming, transphobia or any other kind of bigotry.
It is native to eastern Asia, but has been artificially introduced to North America and Europe to control aphids and scale insects.
It is now common, well known, and spreading in those regions, and has also established in Africa and widely across South America.
The pronotum is white with variable black patterning, ranging from a few black spots in an M formation to almost entirely black.
Despite variation, this species does not generally overlap in pronotal or elytral pattern with any other species, except in unmarked orange or red forms.
They always have reddish-brown legs and are obviously brown on the underside of the abdomen, even in the melanic colour forms.
Consequently, it has been introduced into greenhouses, crop fields, and gardens in many countries, including the United States and parts of Europe.
The species is now established in the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Italy, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Israel, Luxembourg, France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland, and South Africa.
This species became established in North America as the result of introductions into the United States in an attempt to control the spread of aphids.
In the last three decades, this insect has spread throughout the US and Canada, and has been a prominent factor in controlling aphid populations.
The species repeatedly failed to establish in the wild after successfully controlling aphid populations, but an established population of beetles was observed in the wild near New Orleans, Louisiana, in about 1988.
In the following years, it quickly spread to other states, being occasionally observed in the Midwest within five to seven years and becoming common in the region by about 2000.
The species was also established in the Northwest by 1991, and the Northeast by 1994, aided by additional introductions from the native range, rather than just reaching there from the Southeast.
Reportedly, it has heavily fed on soybean aphids (which recently appeared in the US after coming from China), supposedly saving farmers vast sums of money in 2001.
The European population also originated from eastern North America, but with substantial genetic admixture with individuals of the European biocontrol strain (estimated at about 40%).
This species is widely considered to be one of the world’s most invasive insects, partly due to their tendency to overwinter indoors and the unpleasant odor and stain left by their bodily fluids when frightened or crushed, as well as their tendency to bite humans.
In Europe it is currently increasing to the detriment of indigenous species, its voracious appetite enabling it to outcompete and even consume other ladybirds.
The harlequin ladybird is also highly resistant to diseases that affect other ladybird species, and carries a microsporidian parasite to which it is immune, but that can infect and kill other species.
In addition to its household pest status, the harlequin has been reported to be a minor agricultural pest that is inadvertently harvested with and which contaminates crops of tender fruits and grapes in Iowa, Ohio, New York State, and Ontario.
Because the beetles will use crevices and other cool, dry, confined spaces to overwinter, significant numbers may congregate inside walls if given a large enough opening.
These beetles make some use of pheromones to signal to each other, allowing for the large gatherings often seen in the autumn.
However, many aggregation cues are visual, both at long (picking out light-coloured structures that are distinct from their surroundings) and short (picking out pre-existing aggregations to join) distances, while nonvolatile long-chain hydrocarbons laid down by previous aggregations also play a significant role in site selection.
This beetle has good eyesight; it will return from a location to which it is removed, and is known to give a small bite if provoked.
Occasionally, the beetles will bite humans, presumably in an attempt to acquire salt, although many people feel a pricking sensation as a ladybeetle walks across the skin.
These beetles can be difficult to identify because of their variations in color, spot size, and spot count of the elytra.
This species has more white markings on the pronotum than have most native North American species, though this is not useful if not comparing it to North American species.
Numerous methods of control have been investigated in areas where this beetle has been introduced and causes a threat to native species and biodiversity and to the grape industry.
Methods under development involve the investigation of natural parasites and pathogens, including the use of parasitic sexually transmitted mites and fungal diseases.
Sweeping and vacuuming are considered effective methods for removing them from homes, though this should be done carefully so as not to trigger reflex bleeding.
A trap designed for indoor use was developed which attracts the beetles with a light and seals them in a removable bag, though as the beetles are not strongly attracted to light, this does not work particularly well.
It runs north west from Leeds in Yorkshire via Kirkstall, Horsforth, Yeadon, Guiseley, Ilkley and Skipton, passes west of Settle, then continues through Ingleton and Kirkby Lonsdale before terminating at Kendal in Cumbria.
Sexaholics Anonymous (SA) is one of several twelve-step programs for compulsive sexual behavior based on the original twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous.
SA takes its place among various twelve-step groups that seek recovery from sexual addiction: Sex Addicts Anonymous, Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous, Sexual Compulsives Anonymous and Sexual Recovery Anonymous.
Thus, for the married sexaholic, sexual sobriety means having no form of sex with self or with persons other than the spouse.
Sexaholics Anonymous was founded by Roy K (in twelve-step fellowships it is customary to refer to members by their first name and the first initial of their last name, in order to preserve their anonymity).
From the earliest attempts by Roy K to found SA in the 1970s, and throughout the history of SA, some members have sought to change the group’s concept of sexual sobriety.
It was an attempt to endorse as sexually sober, sexual activity by couples, not legally married, whether they be of the same or opposite sex.
The fellowship did not accept this and, as a result, in 1991 some SA members and groups left SA to form Sexual Recovery Anonymous (SRA), citing the SA sobriety definition’s lack of endorsement of same sex relationships and committed relationships.
Murray R, one of the SRA founders had served on the SA General Service Board and had long attempted to change the SA sobriety definition to include committed relationships with either the same or opposite sex.
The point here is this: For SA to validate same-sex sexualizing in SA, even indirectly, would have us endorsing a highly controversial biological theory and political movement against our Tenth Tradition.
If we validate same-sex sexualizing as normative for the sexaholic in recovery, and it turns out not to be normative, SA will have been promoting an untruth and doing a devilish disservice, supporting the problem instead of recovery.
Agitation on the issue continued due to a perception that the ambiguous nature of the survey questions rendered the results meaningless.
Many (probably most) were convinced this vote meant that we are already clear on the meaning of traditional SA sobriety and no further clarification is needed.
In 2000 same-sex attracted SA members expressed their support for the Cleveland Clarification in a letter to SA delegates and trustees signed by 66 members from 7 countries.
Candidates for membership in the SA Board of Trustees, are now required to affirm the SA Sobriety Definition including the Cleveland Clarification.
Topic meetings on same-sex issues are held at SA International Conferences and personal stories of same–sex recovery appear in Essay, the official SA quarterly publication.
SA fully accepts all AA General Conference-approved literature for use in SA meetings, and SA groups frequently read from AA literature in their own meetings.
SA adheres closely to the AA model, applying all of AA's principles to lust and sexual addiction, and whereas other members of other S-groups define sobriety for themselves, SA is closer to AA in proposing an understanding of sobriety which requires abstinence and is common to the group.
A psychologist involved in sexual addiction treatment, Patrick Carnes, encourages self-defined sobriety in his writings, saying that a no-masturbation definition of sobriety is only appropriate for some sex addicts and that bottom lines can in fact be modified over time.
However, the founder Roy K. knew ahead of time that this was a controversial subject and often wrote letters from a contrarian perspective.
He often would leave an SA convention where he was one of the 'keynote speakers' and preach at a church around the corner for those interested in listening to a more evangelical point of view.
The combination of urea and ammonium nitrate has an extremely low critical relative humidity (18% at 30 °C) and can therefore only be used in liquid fertilizers.
The most commonly used grade of these fertilizer solutions is UAN 32.0.0 (32%N) also known as UN32 or UN-32, which consists of 45% ammonium nitrate, 35% urea and only 20% water.
The solutions are quite corrosive towards mild steel (up to 500 milliinches per year on C1010 steel) and are therefore generally equipped with a corrosion inhibitor to protect tanks, pipelines, nozzles, etc.
Moshe Zalman Feiglin (, born 31 July 1962) is an Israeli politician and activist, and the leader of libertarian Zionist party Zehut.
On 8 August 1995, eighty intersections throughout the country were blocked in a massive act of non-violent civil disobedience against the Oslo process.
As a result of his activities, Feiglin was sentenced to six months in prison in 1997 for sedition against the state by Israel's Supreme Court.
In November 1996, Feiglin established the Manhigut Yehudit movement; it joined Likud in 2000, with Feiglin declaring that he would be a candidate for chairmanship of the party as a springboard for premiership of the State of Israel.
In early January 2015, Feiglin announced that he was leaving the Likud and forming his own party, after the Likud primaries the previous month.
He referred to alleged political corruption in the Likud primary and legal maneuvers Benjamin Netanyahu took in the past to move him down the party’s list, accusing the prime minister of trying to assassinate him politically.
His grandfather was the first child born in Metula, and some of his ancestors were among the founders of several settlements, including Mishmar HaYarden, Hadera, and Kinneret.
His family later moved to Rehovot, where he attended the local Tachkemoni school of the Mizrachi movement, and subsequently graduated from Rabbi Haim Drukman's Yeshivat Or Etzion.
It began as a brainchild of Feiglin and a friend of his, Moti Karpel, who established the organization as the continuation of the Zo Artzeinu protest movement.
The main tactical difference between the two in Feiglin's thought is that Zo Artzeinu protested government policy without suggesting an alternative, whereas Manhigut Yehudit seeks to become the government and be the alternative.
He opposes the surrender of what he regards as Jewish land, and has demanded the government take action against the estimated 50,000 illegal Arab structures built throughout the country.
In December 2005, Feiglin ran for Likud chairman and won 12.5% of the votes, coming third out of seven candidates, after Benjamin Netanyahu and Silvan Shalom.
This would have prevented Feiglin, who served a six-month sentence in the mid-1990s for civil disobedience, from running for either an MK or leadership position in the future.
In the 14 August 2007 primaries, Feiglin nearly doubled his previous showing and received 23.4% of the votes to Netanyahu's 72.8%.
Netanyahu, fearing a strong showing by Feiglin, tried to have him ousted from the party prior to the vote, and said he would continue such efforts.
Feiglin ran against Netanyahu again in the 2012 Likud leadership election, held on 31 January 2012, and again received 23% of the vote.
In the Likud primaries held in late 2012 to select candidates for the 2013 elections, Feiglin finished thirteenth, and was elected to the Knesset in the 2013 elections.
He and his Manhigut Yehudit faction suffered a serious setback in the December 2014 Likud primaries, held in the run-up to the 2015 Knesset elections, when he fell to the 36th position on the Likud list, making it unlikely he would be returned to the Knesset.
In January 2015, he announced that he was leaving Likud to form his own party, although he did not do so in time for the elections.
Feiglin has openly stated that, though he is not opposed to peace, peace is not his goal, and would not be on the top of his agenda as Prime Minister.
Rather, Feiglin's focus is on reforming Israel as an essentially Jewish State by acting on several campaigns on the religious, social, legal, and security fronts.
There is no difference in principle between sophisticated biological marking and tattooing an ID number; both turn our identities into the property of a third party.
He has come out against legislation such as the Chametz Law, which forbids selling leavened products on the Passover Holiday, when eating or owning leavened food products is prohibited by Jewish law.
He is also a proponent of the civil marriage initiative in Israel which would allow any Israeli citizen to marry without a religious cleric.
At present, marriage in Israel is impossible outside the confines of a religious system; hence, for tens of thousands of people with problematic religious status, it is impossible ever to get married in the country.
The present system also places the power of divorce in the hand of the Religious courts, who are answerable only to the Supreme Courts.
The civil marriage initiative would make the religious nature of marriage entirely voluntary, effectively separating religion and state in this matter.
Feiglin has advocated removing the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf's control over the entire al-Aqsa complex, and suggested a synagogue should be established on the Temple Mount.
His plan would include annexing all post-1967 land currently in Israel's hands and offering financial incentive for Palestinian families in these areas to emigrate to other countries.
Feiglin pointed to a poll by An-Najah University in Nablus, which showed that one in three Palestinian Arabs would emigrate to other countries even without a financial incentive, as supporting his plan.
Feiglin also proposed that Israel actively encourage Israeli-Arabs to emigrate to the Arab world, and provide assistance to any Arab who chooses to do so.
Point three in the program states that he will enact a new Basic Law which will set forth a detailed proposal for a constitution.
The Law will replace the at-large election of the Knesset with regional representatives, and would also create a lower house to handle municipal issues, in which Israeli Arabs could be represented.
However, the posting had been archived by Israeli scholar Tomer Persico prior to being removed, and Persico wrote a 2012 article analyzing Feiglin's program, referencing the 2003 posting.
On 3 April 2019, Feiglin gave a speech at Maariv Jerusalem Post conference in Tel Aviv, Israel, in which he called to rebuild the Third Temple on Temple Mount immediately.
In addition, if they are citizens, they should not be exempt from paying taxes; they should serve in the IDF, or at least in Sherut Le'umi, the National Service.
We shall offer them human rights without civil rights, so long as they prove their loyalty to their Jewish state host and accept Jewish sovereignty over their land.
In such a situation, they will be given legal-resident status, and they can carry on their private affairs without anyone infringing on their human rights.
Democracy should serve the values of the state, not destroy them... You can’t teach a monkey to speak and you can’t teach an Arab to be democratic.
I was in the army when Meir, Hashem yikom damo [may God avenge his blood], was [most] active, so I didn't get to know him so well.
Several left-wing or Arab commentators have depicted Feiglin as fascist, but for his part, Feiglin rejects this label, claiming that he is fighting fascism himself.
The momentum toward citizenship for all residents of Israel, regardless of their religion, is part of the Zionist ideology based on Western culture.
The ragged, trashy youth body turned into a neat and orderly part of society and Germany received an exemplary regime, a proper justice system and public order.
Feiglin clarified his position to the Maariv newspaper that just because he considers Hitler a military genius, this does not mean he admires him.
In an interview on Israeli television, Feiglin accused Sarid and other left-wing journalists of a smear campaign against him by quoting him out of context.
He explained his point as saying that just because Germany was a democracy, this does not give legitimacy to what Hitler had done.
Feiglin was arrested for organizing mass acts of resistance and blocked highways across Israel during the period in which the Oslo accords were debated and implemented.
He was sentenced to six months in prison in 1997 for sedition, and the sentence was later performed via community service.
This was manifest during a Feiglin rally at Jerusalem's Ramada Hotel that took place before the 2008 Likud primary after Feiglin promised to throw all his votes to them if they showed up.
Former Likud Knesset members Gila Gamliel, David Mena, Daniel Benlulu, and Ayoub Kara attended the event, despite warnings from Netanyahu's advisers not to do so.
Gila Gamliel, who did not vote against the Disengagement from Gaza, eventually took Feiglin's votes and placed 19th, one spot ahead of Feiglin.
Feiglin is a highly vocal supporter of Jonathan Pollard, a former American naval intelligence analyst who formerly served a sentence in the American Federal prison system for spying for Israel.
On Feb. 7, 2013, Feiglin met with an Israeli gay advocacy group in Tel Aviv, and said he was no longer a homophobe.
Although he does not identify with their lifestyle choices, he told them, he supports their rights as individuals and will fight to ensure that those rights are upheld.
When asked by a lesbian supporter if he would support her running in the primaries for the Zehut party, Feiglin was enthusiastically positive about it.
During his 2013 campaign, Feiglin reiterated his view that women's role in Israeli society should be based on Jewish Biblical principles.
These newly introduced concepts are not contrived for the good of those parents raising their children without the support of a spouse (who should be benefiting from aid when needed).
Feiglin has criticized some Christian supporters of Israel, such as Glenn Beck, and challenged the sincerity of Christians who have defended Israel, as well as Israeli Jews who supported Beck.
I have no problem doing business with him, but he has to respect me when he comes here just like I don't try to force my identity on him when I come to him.
In December 2014, a group of academics who are part of the anti-BDS movement and members of The Third Narrative, a Labor Zionist organization, have called on the U.S. and E.U.
Its entire length from Chester to Holyhead is a dual carriageway primary route, with the exception of the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait and several short sections where there are gaps in between the two carriageways.
The road improvements have been part funded with European money, under the Trans-European Networks programme, as the route is designated part of Euroroute E22 (Holyhead - Leeds - Amsterdam - Hamburg - Malmö - Riga - Moscow - Perm - Ekaterinburg - Ishim).
The A55 crosses the River Dee and the border into Wales, passing close to Broughton, Flintshire, and passing north of Buckley, Penyffordd and Northop.
In the eastbound direction another short three-lane section allows vehicles to join the A494 or exit onto the A55 to Chester.
Traffic taking the A55 into England must negotiate a tight 270 degree speed-limited single lane curve to climb up and over the A55/A494 at Ewloe loops.
Plans to upgrade the A494 between this junction at Ewloe and Queensferry were rejected by the Welsh Government on 26 March 2008 due to their scale.
From Ewloe, the road is relatively flat until after Northop when it climbs up onto the flanks of Halkyn Mountain range, passing to the southwest of Holywell with major climbs between Northop and Halkyn (Junctions 33 and 32b) and Halkyn and Holywell Summit (Junctions 32 and 31).
The steep descent towards St Asaph is down the new Rhuallt Hill (Junctions 29 to 28), which also provides the first views of the mountains of Snowdonia in the far distance.
The road bypasses St Asaph to the north, and runs past Bodelwyddan and Abergele to reach the North Wales coast at Pensarn (Junction 23A).
Two sections between (Junction 23) Llanddulas to (Junction 17) Conwy are signed as a 70 mph (110 km/h) speed limit because they are actually special roads.
Legally it means these two stretches of the A55 are neither part of the national UK motorway network or trunk roads.
As such, the national speed limit does not apply so 70 mph (110 km/h) signs (the maximum speed permitted on UK roads) are used instead.
Part of it was built on a narrow swathe of land through the town that was once the North Wales coast railway; had to be rebuilt and the track bed realigned to complete the underpass.
The crossing of the estuary of the River Conwy is by means of an immersed tube tunnel, the first of its kind constructed in the United Kingdom.
This ruled out another bridge by the castle on aesthetic grounds, since it would have damaged the view of the world heritage site Conwy Castle, and the two bridges by Robert Stephenson and Thomas Telford.
An inland alternative with heavy grades which would have passed over Bwlch y Ddeufaen pass at , following the old Roman road, was also worked up but rejected for cost and utility reasons.
The tunnel was constructed by a Costain/Tarmac Construction joint venture, as pre-formed concrete sections, and then floated into position over a pre-prepared trench in the bed of the estuary.
The 3 million tonnes of silt and mud extracted to create the trench in which the tunnel sections sat, were vacuumed to one side of the construction site, as to let them drift down river would have harmed the large mussel fishing beds downstream.
The silt was deposited upstream of the bridge at Conwy which created a large new area of low-lying land which was subsequently given to the RSPB for a wildlife preserve.
Because of the valuable fishery in the river and also because of the history of heavy metal mining in the catchment of the river, extensive ecological assessments were made both prior to the construction of the tunnel and subsequently.
After five years of construction, the tunnel was opened in October 1991 by Queen Elizabeth II, the tunnel initially had an advisory speed limit, but this was dropped in 2007 as accidents were rare in the tunnels.
Leaving Conwy in a westerly direction, the construction of this section has involved major civil engineering works because it crosses two major headlands: Penmaenbach Point and Penmaenan Point.
This new route, carrying traffic in both directions, relieved the original coach road built by Telford in the early 19th century.
Originally at the western end (Llanfairfechan) of the modern Pen-y-Clip tunnel, access was only allowed in an easterly direction because travelling the other way would mean heading the wrong way up the eastbound carriageway.
However, in 2011 a purpose-built bridge - over the westbound carriageway - was constructed to allow unrestricted access to cyclists and walkers.
Both new routes were subject to an advisory 50 mph speed limit until these were lifted in 2007 as there had been few accidents.
For instance the eastbound carriageway at Penmaenbach is subject to a 30 mph (50 km/h) speed limit due to sharp curves and double white lines nominally preclude lane changing.
Plans to rectify the awkward alignment by building another tunnel parallel to the current westbound tunnel (as originally intended when the westbound tunnel was proposed) have been discussed for several years.
The work in late-2007 at Penmaenbach eastbound has seen the erection of gantries to close lanes when bidirectional working is in place.
Some traffic leaves for major holiday destinations such as Caernarfon or the Llŷn Peninsula, though much continues on to the port of Holyhead.
As such part of the route is not classed as clearway and has two at grade junctions (roundabouts), Penmaenmawr (Junction 16) and Llanfairfechan (Junction 15).
The Bangor bypass, in which the road previously terminated and became the A5 regains high standards and is such through the Anglesey section, bar the Britannia Bridge, which is a single carriageway deck above the North Wales Coast railway over the Menai Strait.
In 2007 the Welsh Assembly Government undertook a consultation to determine which of four options would be preferred for a second crossing.
This 20 mile (32 km) section from the end of the Llanfairpwll bypass to Holyhead Harbour was constructed as Private Finance Initiative scheme where the builders, a Carillion / John Laing joint venture, earn a shadow toll based on usage and lane availability.
The approach to Holyhead required major work with a new section over the sea paralleling the Stanley Embankment that carries the original A5 and the North Wales Coast railway.
Work started in early 2017 on the upgrading of the 1960s built substandard section of dual carriageway west of Abergwyngregyn from Tai'r Meibion towards Tan-y-lon, which is relatively narrow and prone to flooding.
This includes mention of improvements to the A55 including the grade separation of the two roundabouts at Penmaenmawr and Llanfairfechan planned to be completed by 2021.
In November 2012, the Welsh Government published two more detailed studies looking at options to improve transport in the North East Wales and the A55 / A494 areas.
The A55 partly follows the alignment of the Roman road from Chester (Deva) to Caernarfon (Segontium), particularly from Junction 31 to 30 and Junction 13 to 12.
Between Chester and Holywell the alignment of this road is uncertain and between St. Asaph and Abergwyngregyn, the Roman road followed an inland route, via Canovium Roman Fort at Caerhun, avoiding the difficulties of the crossing of the Conwy estuary and the cliffs at Penmaenbach and Pen-y-Clip.
There are three large service areas on the A55, along with numerous other petrol stations at the side of the road.
Rotational spectroscopy is concerned with the measurement of the energies of transitions between quantized rotational states of molecules in the gas phase.
The rotational spectra of non-polar molecules cannot be observed by those methods, but can be observed and measured by Raman spectroscopy.
For rotational spectroscopy, molecules are classified according to symmetry into spherical top, linear and symmetric top; analytical expressions can be derived for the rotational energy terms of these molecules.
Analytical expressions can be derived for the fourth category, asymmetric top, for rotational levels up to J=3, but higher energy levels need to be determined using numerical methods.
The rotational energies are derived theoretically by considering the molecules to be rigid rotors and then applying extra terms to account for centrifugal distortion, fine structure, hyperfine structure and Coriolis coupling.
Fitting the spectra to the theoretical expressions gives numerical values of the angular moments of inertia from which very precise values of molecular bond lengths and angles can be derived in favorable cases.
It can be used to establish barriers to internal rotation such as that associated with the rotation of the group relative to the group in chlorotoluene ().
Much of current understanding of the nature of weak molecular interactions such as van der Waals, hydrogen and halogen bonds has been established through rotational spectroscopy.
In connection with radio astronomy, the technique has a key role in exploration of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium.
Current projects in astrochemistry involve both laboratory microwave spectroscopy and observations made using modern radiotelescopes such as the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA).
A molecule in the gas phase is free to rotate relative to a set of mutually orthogonal axes of fixed orientation in space, centered on the center of mass of the molecule.
Rotation about each unique axis is associated with a set of quantized energy levels dependent on the moment of inertia about that axis and a quantum number.
Thus, for linear molecules the energy levels are described by a single moment of inertia and a single quantum number, formula_1, which defines the magnitude of the rotational angular momentum.
For nonlinear molecules which are symmetric rotors (or symmetric tops - see next section), there are two moments of inertia and the energy also depends on a second rotational quantum number, formula_2, which defines the vector component of rotational angular momentum along the principal symmetry axis.
Analysis of spectroscopic data with the expressions detailed below results in quantitative determination of the value(s) of the moment(s) of inertia.
For a linear molecule, analysis of the rotational spectrum provides values for the rotational constant and the moment of inertia of the molecule, and, knowing the atomic masses, can be used to determine the bond length directly.
For linear molecules with more than two atoms it is necessary to measure the spectra of two or more isotopologues, such as OCS and OCS.
This is because there is zero-point energy in the vibrational ground state, to which the rotational states refer, whereas the equilibrium bond length is at the minimum in the potential energy curve.
where v is a vibrational quantum number and α is a vibration-rotation interaction constant which can be calculated if the B values for two different vibrational states can be found.
For other molecules, if the spectra can be resolved and individual transitions assigned both bond lengths and bond angles can be deduced.
When this is not possible, as with most asymmetric tops, all that can be done is to fit the spectra to three moments of inertia calculated from an assumed molecular structure.
In quantum mechanics the free rotation of a molecule is quantized, so that the rotational energy and the angular momentum can take only certain fixed values, which are related simply to the moment of inertia, formula_4, of the molecule.
The general convention, used in this article, is to define the axes such that formula_8, with axis formula_9 corresponding to the smallest moment of inertia.
The particular pattern of energy levels (and, hence, of transitions in the rotational spectrum) for a molecule is determined by its symmetry.
A convenient way to look at the molecules is to divide them into four different classes, based on the symmetry of their structure.
A consequence of this rule is that no microwave spectrum can be observed for centrosymmetric linear molecules such as (dinitrogen) or HCCH (ethyne), which are non-polar.
Tetrahedral molecules such as (methane), which have both a zero dipole moment and isotropic polarizability, would not have a pure rotation spectrum but for the effect of centrifugal distortion; when the molecule rotates about a 3-fold symmetry axis a small dipole moment is created, allowing a weak rotation spectrum to be observed by microwave spectroscopy.
Since these transitions are due to absorption (or emission) of a single photon with a spin of one, conservation of angular momentum implies that the molecular angular momentum can change by at most one unit.
The general selection rule for such a transition to be allowed is that the molecular polarizability must be anisotropic, which means that it is not the same in all directions.
For all other molecules both Stokes and anti-Stokes lines can be observed and they have similar intensities due to the fact that many rotational states are thermally populated.
The value ΔJ = 0 does not correspond to a molecular transition but rather to Rayleigh scattering in which the incident photon merely changes direction.
With infrared spectra in the wavenumber scale (formula_18), the unit is usually the inverse centimeter, written as cm, which is literally the number of waves in one centimeter, or the reciprocal of the wavelength in centimeters (formula_19).
The population of vibrationally excited states follows a Boltzmann distribution, so low-frequency vibrational states are appreciably populated even at room temperatures.
However, as long as the vibrational quantum number does not change (i.e., the molecule is in only one state of vibration), the effect of vibration on rotation is not important, because the time for vibration is much shorter than the time required for rotation.
Historically, the theory of rotational energy levels was developed to account for observations of vibration-rotation spectra of gases in infrared spectroscopy, which was used before microwave spectroscopy had become practical.
To a first approximation, the rotation and vibration can be treated as separable, so the energy of rotation is added to the energy of vibration.
where formula_26 and formula_27 are rotational constants for the upper and lower vibrational state respectively, while formula_28 and formula_29 are the rotational quantum numbers of the upper and lower levels.
In reality, this expression has to be modified for the effects of anharmonicity of the vibrations, for centrifugal distortion and for Coriolis coupling.
Rotational constants obtained from infrared measurements are in good accord with those obtained by microwave spectroscopy, while the latter usually offers greater precision.
A pure rotational spectrum cannot be observed by absorption or emission spectroscopy because there is no permanent dipole moment whose rotation can be accelerated by the electric field of an incident photon.
For example, the molecule methane is a spherical top but the asymmetric C-H stretching band shows rotational fine structure in the infrared spectrum, illustrated in rovibrational coupling.
A linear molecule lies on a single axis and each atom moves on the surface of a sphere around the centre of mass.
The two degrees of rotational freedom correspond to the spherical coordinates θ and φ which describe the direction of the molecular axis, and the quantum state is determined by two quantum numbers J and M. J defines the magnitude of the rotational angular momentum, and M its component about an axis fixed in space, such as an external electric or magnetic field.
As a result, the moment of inertia of the molecule increases, thus decreasing the value of formula_34, when it is calculated using the expression for the rigid rotor.
In consequence, the spacing between lines is not constant, as in the rigid rotor approximation, but decreases with increasing rotational quantum number.
If anharmonicity is to be taken into account, terms in higher powers of J should be added to the expressions for the energy levels and line positions.
The electric dipole moment of the dioxygen molecule, is zero, but the molecule is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons so that there are magnetic-dipole allowed transitions which can be observed by microwave spectroscopy.
The unit electron spin has three spatial orientations with respect to the given molecular rotational angular momentum vector, K, so that each rotational level is split into three states, J = K + 1, K, and K - 1, each J state of this so-called p-type triplet arising from a different orientation of the spin with respect to the rotational motion of the molecule.
The energy difference between successive J terms in any of these triplets is about 2 cm (60 GHz), with the single exception of J = 1←0 difference which is about 4 cm.
Selection rules for magnetic dipole transitions allow transitions between successive members of the triplet (ΔJ = ±1) so that for each value of the rotational angular momentum quantum number K there are two allowed transitions.
Since there are three independent moments of inertia, there are two other independent quantum numbers to consider, but the term values for an asymmetric rotor cannot be derived in closed form.
For this reason far infrared spectrometers have to be freed of atmospheric water vapour either by purging with a dry gas or by evacuation.
The extent of splitting depends on the square of the electric field strength and the square of the dipole moment of the molecule.
A similar removal of degeneracy will occur when a paramagnetic molecule is placed in a magnetic field, an instance of the Zeeman effect.
This means that rotational transitions of molecules with no permanent dipole moment, which cannot be observed in absorption or emission, can be observed, by scattering, in Raman spectroscopy.
The great majority of contemporary spectrometers use a mixture of commercially available and bespoke components which users integrate according to their particular needs.
Although rotational transitions can be found across a very broad region of the electromagnetic spectrum, fundamental physical constraints exist on the operational bandwidth of instrument components.
The instruments and operating principals described below are generally appropriate to microwave spectroscopy experiments conducted at frequencies between 6 and 24 GHz.
A microwave spectrometer can be most simply constructed using a source of microwave radiation, an absorption cell into which sample gas can be introduced and a detector such as a superheterodyne receiver.
An important variation of the technique in which an alternating current is applied across electrodes within the absorption cell results in a modulation of the frequencies of rotational transitions.
Subsequent experiments exploited powerful sources of microwaves such as the klystron, many of which were developed for radar during the Second World War.
Commercial versions of microwave absorption spectrometer were developed by Hewlett Packard in the 1970s and were once widely used for fundamental research.
Following pioneering work by Dicke and co-workers in the 1950s, the first FTMW spectrometer was constructed by Ekkers and Flygare in 1975.
This technique allows a sample to be probed only milliseconds after it undergoes rapid cooling to only a few kelvins in the throat of an expanding gas jet.
This was a revolutionary development because (i) cooling molecules to low temperatures concentrates the available population in the lowest rotational energy levels.
Coupled with benefits conferred by the use of a Fabry-Perot cavity, this brought a great enhancement in the sensitivity and resolution of spectrometers along with a reduction in the complexity of observed spectra; (ii) it became possible to isolate and study molecules that are very weakly bound because there is insufficient energy available for them to undergo fragmentation or chemical reaction at such low temperatures.
While the Fabry-Perot cavity of a Balle-Flygare FTMW spectrometer can typically be tuned into resonance at any frequency between 6 and 18 GHz, the bandwidth of individual measurements is restricted to about 1 MHz.
The result is an instrument that allows the study of weakly bound molecules but which is able to exploit a measurement bandwidth (12 GHz) that is greatly enhanced compared with the Balle-Flygare FTMW spectrometer.
Modified versions of the original CP-FTMW spectrometer have been constructed by a number of groups in the United States, Canada and Europe.
The instrument offers a broadband capability that is highly complementary to the high sensitivity and resolution offered by the Balle-Flygare design.
It runs east from a junction with the A53 at Newcastle-under-Lyme near Stoke-on-Trent via Ashbourne, Derby, Stapleford, Nottingham, West Bridgford, Bingham, Grantham, Boston and Skegness to the east Lincolnshire coast at Mablethorpe.
The mainly dual-carriageway stretch between The Pentagon Island in Derby and the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham was named Brian Clough Way in 2005 to honour the late Derby County and Nottingham Forest football manager Brian Clough.
Historically the A52 used to start at Nantwich in Cheshire, but was renumbered to become the A500, the A531, and the B5500—the A500 sections later becoming unclassified.
It passes the leisure centre on the right, then veers right at a junction with the B5045 (which continues on the main road), where it enters the City of Stoke-on-Trent.
It passes through Ash Bank and Staffordshire, then meets the A520 (for Leek) at crossroads, then overlaps the A522 (for Cheadle).
It passes through the villages of Kingsley and then Froghall where it crosses over the Churnet Valley Railway and Cauldon Canal, before meeting the A521 and B5053 (for Ipstones).
From here to the dual-carriageway is a popular pub crawl, with many student residences close by for the University of Derby, such as St Christopher's Court.
It passes a large Costco, and the next junction is a GSJ for the Wyvern Retail Park, and passes a KFC, McDonald's, Pizza Hut and Sainsbury's.
The £250,000 Borrowash Bypass opened in 1957, although the bridge at Ockbrook opened in 1969, from a roundabout with the A6005 to Hopwell Firs.
The £2 million (£ as of ),Sandiacre Stapleford Bypass opened in December 1964, being built two years before junction 25 of the M1 had been opened although all the bridges and roundabout were part of the bypass.
It crosses the Nottingham section of the Midland Main Line, and the River Erewash and Erewash Canal, entering Nottinghamshire and the borough of Broxtowe.
The A52 then passes through Bramcote at the roundabout with the A6007 next to Bramcote leisure centre and becomes a three-lane dual carriageway, however the left lane is a bus lane.
It crosses the Beeston Canal and Nottingham - Derby/Loughborough railway line and follows the Clifton Boulevard around the south of Nottingham.
One of the bridges over the Trent at Clifton Bridge includes a section of the former B680 (which followed the route into Nottingham now used by the A453).
The bridge was widened, with the west bridge, to dual-carriageway as the A614 as part of a £3.2 million section, opening in 1972.
It enters the borough of Rushcliffe where it crosses the former Great Central Main Line and meets the A60 (for Ruddington and the Nottingham South Premier Inn), then the A606 at busy roundabouts.
This section from the A606 roundabout, near the Wheatcroft Garden Centre, to the Dunkirk junction (current A6005, then the A453) - the Nottingham Ring Road - was opened in 1963 as mostly single carriageway.
From the A46, the road heads east past Bingham on the £2.6 million (£ as of ), Bingham bypass opened in December 1986.
There is a left turn for Scarrington, then it passes a HM Prison Whatton at Whatton-in-the Vale, near to where it crosses the River Smite.
The section of road from Radcliffe on Trent to Grantham was planned to become a dual-carriageway in the 1990s, but there are no plans at present.
Traffic for Skegness may want to take the A153 instead (via the Sleaford bypass), as from Boston - Wainfleet, the traffic slows down.
From here to the South-Forty Foot Drain (about ), the road lies on the border of the districts of North Kesteven and South Kesteven.
It passes over the Sleaford-Spalding railway and at Donington there is a roundabout with the A152 (the former name of the A52 east of Grantham).
The Hammer & Pincers pub is on the left just before a roundabout, where the main route follows to the left, and the straight-on direction is for Wyberton.
The Alban Retail Park is on the right before it crosses the South Forty-Foot Drain and railway at a level crossing, then meets the A1121 from the left at a mini-roundabout close to a Peugeot, Citroën and BMW garage.
It passes near to Wainfleet St Mary (near the home of Batemans Brewery) which is now bypassed, and meets the B1195, then crosses the Steeping River and over a level crossing.
According to the AA, Newcastle-under-Lyme to Derby takes 56 minutes, Derby to Boston takes 100 minutes, and Boston to Mablethorpe takes 62 minutes, taking three hours and thirty eight minutes to travel the whole distance.
Bohemond III of Antioch, also known as Bohemond the Child or the Stammerer (; 1148–1201), was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to 1201.
Bohemond ascended to the throne after the Antiochene noblemen dethroned his mother with the assistance of Thoros II, Lord of Armenian Cilicia.
He fell into captivity in the Battle of Artah in 1164, but the victorious Nur ad-Din, atabeg of Aleppo released him to avoid coming into conflict with the Byzantine Empire.
Bohemond went to Constantinople to pay homage to Manuel I Komnenos, who persuaded him to install a Greek Orthodox Patriarch in Antioch.
He also made alliances with the Muslim rulers of Aleppo and Damascus against Saladin, who had begun to unite the Muslim countries along the borders of the crusader states.
Bohemond was captured in 1194 by Leo, who tried to seize Antioch, but the burghers formed a commune and expelled the Armenian soldiers from the town.
Raymond's widow, who was Leo's niece, gave birth to a posthumous son, Raymond-Roupen, but Bohemond's younger son, Bohemond of Tripoli, wanted to secure his succession in Antioch with the assistance of the commune.
Neither Baldwin III of Jerusalem nor the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos could persuade the widowed Constance to take a new husband.
Raynald ruled the principality as Constance's husband from 1153 until he was captured by Majd al-Din, governor of Aleppo, in late November 1160 or 1161.
Urged by the Antiochene noblemen, Baldwin III proclaimed Bohemond the rightful ruler, charging Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch, with the administration of the principality during Bohemond's minority.
However, the Antiochene noblemen rebelled against her with the assistance of Thoros II, Lord of Armenian Cilicia, forcing her to leave Antioch in February 1163.
Amalric of Jerusalem entrusted the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem to Bohemond before departing for his campaign against Egypt in July 1164.
Bohemond, RaymondIII of Tripoli, ThorosII of Armenian Cilicia, and Constantine Kalamanos joined their forces and marched to Harenc, compelling Nur ad-Din to retreat.
Reynald of Saint-Valery, Lord of Harenc, tried to convince Bohemond not to pursue the enemy, but Bohemond did not follow his advice.
His advisors urged Nur ad-Din to proceed to Antioch, but he declined, fearing that an attack on Antioch could provoke Emperor Manuel into annexing the principality.
Before long, Nur ad-Din released Bohemond, along with Thoros of Cilicia, for a ransom because he regarded them as vassals of the Byzantine emperor.
In return for monetary aid, Bohemond agreed to allow Athanasius, the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, to accompany him back to Antioch.
Manuel's cousin, Andronicus Komnenus, who was made Byzantine governor of Cilicia in 1166, often visited Antioch to meet Bohemond's beautiful young sister, Philippa.
Mleh, who had seized Cilicia with Nur ad-Din's help, besieged Bagras, the fortress of the Knights Templars near Antioch, in early 1170.
Bohemond sought assistance from Amalric of Jerusalem, and their united army defeated Mleh, also forcing him to restore the towns of the Cilician plains to the Byzantine Empire.
Bohemond's relationship with Armenian Cilicia remained tense, which prevented him from pursuing an active foreign policy until Mleh was dethroned in 1175.
Bohemond concluded an alliance with Gumushtekin, atabeg of Aleppo, against Saladin, the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt and Syria, in May 1176.
According to the contemporaneous William of Tyre, many crusaders blamed Bohemond and RaymondIII of Tripoli for dissuading Philip from participating in a military campaign against Egypt, preferring instead to take advantage of Philip's presence in their own realms.
Indeed, in December Philip and Bohemond jointly laid siege to Harenc, a fortress of As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, Emir of Damascus, seizing the opportunity following a mutiny of the garrison.
They lifted the siege soon after As-Salih informed them that Saladin (the common enemy of both As-Salih and Bohemond) had left Egypt for Syria.
Historian Bernard Hamilton, who accepts William of Tyre's narration, says that Bohemond and Raymond came to Jerusalem to choose a husband for Baldwin's sister and heir, Sibylla, wishing to decrease the influence of the king's maternal relatives.
Bohemond besieged the fortress, but Reynald Masoir, Lord of Margat, and other noblemen who supported the patriarch rose up against him.
Bohemond agreed to restore confiscated church property and Aimery lifted the interdict, but Bohemond's excommunication remained in force because he refused to return to Theodora.
A charter shows that Bohemond was in Acre in April 1185, suggesting that he was present when the leper BaldwinIV died around that time.
After the ransom was paid in 1186, Bohemond released Roupen, who soon reconquered the fortresses and towns that he had ceded to Antioch.
Raymond of Tripoli and his supporters could not prevent BaldwinV's mother, Sibylla, and her husband, Guy of Lusignan, from seizing the throne.
Baldwin of Ibelin, who was the only Jerusalemite baron to refuse to pay homage to Sibylla and Guy after their coronation, moved to Antioch.
Nomad Turkmen bands invaded Cilicia, forcing the new ruler, Leo, to swear fealty to Bohemond shortly after his ascension in 1186 or 1187.
The Turkmens also broke into the Principality of Antioch, pillaging the lowlands around Latakia and the monasteries in the nearby mountains.
Bohemond was forced to make a truce with Al-Muzaffar Umar, Saladin's governor in Syria, who joined Saladin's invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in May.
Even so, Bohemond sent 50 knights under the command of his elder son, Raymond, to Jerusalem after a Christian army was almost annihilated in the Battle of Cresson.
RaymondIII of Tripoli, who died before the end of the year, willed the County of Tripoli to Bohemond's elder son and heir, Raymond.
Bohemond sent his younger son and namesake to take control of Tripoli, convinced that one ruler could not defend both Antioch and Tripoli.
His troops captured Latakia on 22 or 23July, Sahyun six days later, and the fortresses along the Orontes River in August.
After the Knights Templar surrendered their fortress at Bagras to Saladin on 26September, Bohemond pleaded for a truce, offering the release of his Muslim prisoners.
The defence of Antioch was a principal aim of his crusade, but he died unexpectedly near Seleucia in Asia Minor (present-day Silifke in Turkey) on 10June 1190.
His son, Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia, took over the command of the army, but most crusaders decided to return to Europe.
Barbarossa's body, which had been carried to Antioch, was buried in the cathedral before the duke continued his crusade toward the Holy Land.
In May 1191 Bohemond sailed to Limassol along with Guy of Lusignan and Leo of Cilicia to meet Richard I of England, who had arrived to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin.
He once again met Richard during the siege of Acre in summer 1191, but he did not provide military support to the crusaders.
Bohemond's relationship with Leo of Cilicia became tense when Leo captured Bagras and refused to cede it to the Knights Templar.
They signed a ten-year truce that included both Antioch and Tripoli but did not cover Armenian Cilicia even though Leo of Cilicia was Bohemond's vassal.
Bohemond's wife, Sibylla, wanted to secure Antioch for her son, William, with the assistance of Leo of Cilicia (whose wife, Isabel, was her niece).
Leo invited Bohemond and his family to Bagras, saying that he wanted to start negotiations regarding the surrender of the fortress either to Antioch or to the Templars in early 1194.
He appointed his marshal, Bartholomew Tirel, to accompany the Armenian troops, which were under the command of Hethoum of Sason, to Antioch.
An Armenian soldier's rude remark about Saint Hilary, to whom the royal chapel was dedicated, provoked a riot, forcing the Armenians to withdraw from the town.
After Bohemond renounced his claim to suzerainty over Cilicia and acknowledged Leo's possession of Bagras, Leo released him and his retainers.
The elderly Bohemond sent her and her infant son to Cilicia wanting either to secure Antioch for his son by Sibylla, or to guarantee their security.
Before long, he decided to besiege Jabala and Latakia, but he had to return to Antioch to meet the papal legate, Conrad of Wittelsbach, Archbishop of Mainz.
Before long, the younger Bohemond returned to Tripoli, enabling his father to re-take control of state affairs, suggesting that the elder Bohemond had tacitly supported his son's coup.
LeoI of Cilicia appealed to the Holy See to protect Raymond-Roupen's interest, but the Knights Templar submitted a complaint against him for refusing to restore Bagras to them.
Bohemond's first wife, Orgueilleuse of Harenc, was first mentioned in charters issued in 1170, suggesting that Bohemond married her in or before that year.
These divergences have made it impossible to conclude a Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism that incorporates a single, all-encompassing, legally binding, criminal-law definition of terrorism.
In the meantime, the international community adopted a series of sectoral conventions that define and criminalize various types of terrorist activities.
A 2003 study by Jeffrey Record for the United States Army quoted a source (Schmid and Jongman 1988) that counted 109 definitions of terrorism that covered a total of 22 different definitional elements.
The was a panic and state of emergency in Rome in response to the approach of warriors of the Cimbri tribe in 105 BCE.
During the reign of terror a regime or system of terrorism was used as an instrument of governance, wielded by a recently established revolutionary state against the enemies of the people.
The criminalization of terrorist acts expresses society's repugnance at them, invokes social censure and shame, and stigmatizes those who commit them.
The Martens Clause was introduced as a compromise wording for the dispute between the Great Powers who considered francs-tireurs to be unlawful combatants subject to execution on capture, and smaller states who maintained that they should be considered lawful combatants.
More recently the 1977 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, which applies in situations Article 1.
Although political denunciation of terrorism in all its forms had continued apace, there had been no successful attempt to define 'terrorism' as such in a broad sense that was satisfactory for legal purposes.
The international community has worked on two comprehensive counter-terrorism treaties, the League of Nations' 1937 Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism, which never entered into force, and the United Nations' proposed Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism, which hasn't been finalized yet.
Among the negotiators, that definition is not controversial in itself; the deadlock in the negotiations arises instead from the opposing views on whether such a definition would be applicable to the armed forces of a state and to self-determination movements.
In parallel with the criminal law codification efforts, some United Nations organs have put forward some broad political definitions of terrorism.
The following year, Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan endorsed the High Level Panel's definition of terrorism and asked states to set aside their differences and to adopt that definition within the proposed comprehensive terrorism convention before the end of that year.
Some United Nations' member states contended that a definition such as the one proposed by the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, and endorsed by the Secretary General, lacked the necessary requirements to be incorporated in a criminal law instrument.
In 2016, Brazil passed a law that defines acts of terrorism and establishes punishment for committing, planning, enabling, sponsoring, inciting and participating in terrorist acts.
The bill lists a series of acts that provoke social and general terror or endager people, property, infrastructure, or public peace, for reasons of xenophobia, discrimination or prejudice of race, color, ethnics and religion.
Shortly after the creation of the law, Federal Police's Operation Hashtag arrested eleven suspects of planning a terrorist attack in the run-up to the Rio 2016 Olympics.
Successive Independent Reviewers of Terrorism Legislation (most recently in a report of July 2014) have commented on the UK's definition of terrorism.
Title 22, Chapter 38 of the United States Code (regarding the Department of State) contains a definition of terrorism in its requirement that annual country reports on terrorism be submitted by the Secretary of State to Congress every year.
Section 102(1)(a) of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act contains a definition of terrorism in order for insurance companies to provide coverage to all prospective policy holders at time of purchase and to all current policyholders at renewal and requires that the federal government pay 90 percent of covered terrorism losses exceeding the statutorily established deductible paid by the insurance company providing the coverage.
An insurance company may include a specific definition of terrorism as part of its policy, for the purpose of excluding at least some loss or damage caused by terrorism.
It is a word with intrinsically negative connotations that is generally applied to one's enemies and opponents, or to those with whom one disagrees and would otherwise prefer to ignore.
(...) Hence the decision to call someone or label some organization 'terrorist' becomes almost unavoidably subjective, depending largely on whether one sympathizes with or opposes the person/group/cause concerned.
The term has been depicted as carrying racist, xenophobic and ethnocentric connotations when used as an ethnic slur aimed at Arabs or Middle Easterners, or at someone of Arab or Greater Middle Eastern descent or when used by white supremacists.
Terrorism is an anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby - in contrast to assassination - the direct targets of violence are not the main targets.
The immediate human victims of violence are generally chosen randomly (targets of opportunity) or selectively (representative or symbolic targets) from a target population, and serve as message generators.
given their nature or context, [acts which] may seriously damage a country or an international organisation where committed with the aim of seriously intimidating a population.
Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them.
In 1920, Corbusier started to develop the type apartment which became very influential in 20th century modernism and contemporary residential design in Europe.
The first full-scale models were built in Paris and Marseille during the planning of the first high rise concrete structure in the 1940s.
In the 1980s a team from ETH Zurich surveyed several apartments in Marseille and a several full-scale models were constructed for exhibitions in Paris, Karlsruhe, Tokyo and New York.
In 1986 a full-scale model was constructed at the Badischer Kunstverein by Gernot Bayne based on the survey of Ruggero Tropeano.
A full scale original Kitchen, stairs and other parts of the apartments are stored and displayed several museum collections around the world.
One of Le Corbusier's most famous works, it proved enormously influential and is often cited as the initial inspiration of the Brutalist architectural style and philosophy.
The building is constructed in béton brut (rough-cast concrete), as the hoped-for steel frame proved too expensive in light of post-War shortages.
In July 2016, the Unité in Marseille and several other works by Le Corbusier were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Inside, corridors run through the centre of the long axis of every third floor of the building, with each apartment lying on two levels, and stretching from one side of the building to the other, with a balcony.
Corbusier's design was criticised by US architect Peter Blake for having small children's rooms and some of those rooms lacked windows.
Unlike many of the inferior system-built blocks it inspired, which lack the original's generous proportions, communal facilities and parkland setting, the Unité is popular with its residents and is now mainly occupied by upper middle-class professionals.
The flat roof is designed as a communal terrace with sculptural ventilation stacks, a running track, and a shallow paddling pool for children.
The roof, where a number of theatrical performances have taken place, underwent renovation in 2010 and since 2013 it hosts an exhibition center called the MaMo.
In the block's planning, the architect drew on his study of the Soviet communal housing project, the Narkomfin Building in Moscow, which had been designed by the architect Moisei Ginzburg and completed in 1932.
The replacement material (béton brut) influenced the Brutalist movement, and the building inspired several housing complexes including the Alton West estate in Roehampton, London, and Park Hill in Sheffield.
Other, more successful, manifestations of the Unité include Chamberlin, Powell and Bon's Barbican Estate (completed 1982), Gordon Tait's Samuda Estate, Isle of Dogs (1965), Ernő Goldfinger's Balfron Tower (1967), and Trellick Tower (1972), all in London.
The Riverside Plaza in Minneapolis, Minnesota, which opened in 1973, also used multi-colored panels and brutalist design, as influenced by the project.
The apartments were equipped with built-in furniture, and specially designed storage walls with various cupboards with sliding doors, which were designed by Charlotte Perriand in collaboration with Atelier Le Corbusier.
Additionally Perriand collaborated on the design of the apartment kitchens, 321 of the 337 units were equipped with the Cuisine Atelier Le Corbusier, type 1 kitchens, many of which are still in place due to their efficient use of space.
Unité d'habitation model apartments have been renovated in the individual historic Unité buildings as well as rebuilt in exhibitions around the world.
Vesna Vulović ( ; 3 January 1950 23 December 2016) was a Serbian flight attendant who holds the Guinness world record for surviving the highest fall without a parachute: .
She was the sole survivor after a briefcase bomb tore through the baggage compartment of JAT Flight 367 on 26 January 1972, causing it to crash near Srbská Kamenice, Czechoslovakia.
Despite her willingness to resume work as a flight attendant, Jat Airways (JAT) gave her a desk job negotiating freight contracts, feeling her presence on flights would attract too much publicity.
She was fired from JAT in the early 1990s after taking part in anti-government protests during the breakup of Yugoslavia, but avoided arrest as the government was concerned about the negative publicity that her imprisonment would bring.
She continued her work as a pro-democracy activist until the Socialist Party of Serbia was ousted from power during the Bulldozer Revolution of October 2000.
Driven by her love of the Beatles, Vulović travelled to the United Kingdom after completing her first year of university, hoping to improve her English-language skills.
Upon returning to Belgrade, Vulović decided to become a flight attendant after seeing one of her friends in a flight attendant's uniform.
The secondary crew of JAT Flight 367, flying from Stockholm to Belgrade with stopovers in Copenhagen and Zagreb, arrived in Denmark on the morning of 25 January 1972.
According to Vulović, she was not scheduled to be on Flight 367, and JAT had confused her for another flight attendant also named Vesna.
The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, landed at Copenhagen Airport at 2:30 p.m., whereupon Vulović and her colleagues boarded the plane.
Her turquoise uniform was covered in blood and her stiletto heels had been torn off by the force of the impact.
Air safety investigators attributed Vulović's survival to her being trapped by a food cart in the DC-9's fuselage as it broke away from the rest of the aircraft and plummeted towards the ground.
When the cabin depressurized, the passengers and other flight crew were blown out of the aircraft and fell to their deaths.
Investigators believed that the fuselage, with Vulović pinned inside, landed at an angle in a heavily wooded and snow-covered mountainside, which cushioned the impact.
Vulović's physicians concluded that her history of low blood pressure caused her to pass out quickly after the cabin depressurized and kept her heart from bursting on impact.
Vulović said that she was aware of her low blood pressure before applying to become a flight attendant and knew that it would result in her failing her medical examination, but she drank an excessive amount of coffee beforehand and was accepted.
She was offered a hypnotic injection to help her sleep during the flight back to Yugoslavia, but declined, explaining that she was not afraid of flying because she had no memory of the crash.
In Belgrade, Vulović's hospital room was placed under 24-hour police protection because the authorities feared that the perpetrators of the bombing would wish to kill her.
The guards changed shifts every six hours, and no one was allowed in to see her except for her parents and doctors.
Vulović's hospitalization lasted until June 1972, after which she travelled to Montenegro to recuperate at a seaside resort, where her doctors visited her every two or three days.
Within ten months of her fall, Vulović had regained the ability to walk, but limped for the rest of her life, her spine permanently twisted.
The airline felt that her presence on flights would attract too much publicity and instead gave her a desk job negotiating freight contracts.
Vulović continued to fly regularly, stating that other passengers were surprised to see her on flights and wanted to sit next to her.
Although she was advised by physicians that her injuries would not have an adverse effect on her reproductive function, Vulović experienced an ectopic pregnancy that nearly proved fatal and was never able to have children.
In 1985, The Guinness Book of World Records recognized her as the world record holder for surviving the highest fall without a parachute: .
Vulović was thus officially acknowledged as having surpassed the records of other fall survivors, such as Alan Magee, Nicholas Alkemade, and Ivan Chisov.
Around the same time, Vulović was fired from JAT for speaking out against Serbian statesman Slobodan Milošević and taking part in anti-government protests.
In response to her activism, pro-Milošević tabloids launched a smear campaign against her, claiming that Flight 367 had been shot down by a Czechoslovak surface-to-air missile and that she had fallen from a lesser height than previously believed.
When Milošević and his Socialist Party of Serbia were ousted in the Bulldozer Revolution of October 2000, Vulović was among several celebrities who took to the balcony of Belgrade's city hall to make victory addresses.
She later campaigned on behalf of the Democratic Party and advocated for Serbia's entry into the European Union, which she believed would bring economic prosperity.
In 2009, Peter Hornung-Andersen and Pavel Theiner, two Prague-based journalists, claimed that Flight 367 had been mistaken for an enemy aircraft and shot down by the Czechoslovak Air Force at an altitude of , far lower than the official altitude of .
Vulović said that she was aware of the journalists' claims, but stated that because she had no memory of the event, she could not confirm or deny the allegations.
In the last years of her life, Vulović lived on a pension of €300 per month in her dilapidated Belgrade apartment.
Vulović lamented that her mother and father might not have died prematurely had she not been aboard Flight 367, stating that the incident not only ruined her life, but also those of her parents.
By the time she had reached her sixties, Vulović's deteriorating health prevented her from taking part in annual commemorations at Srbská Kamenice, which she had previously attended for many years.
The Smurf Amplifier Registry is a blacklist of networks on the Internet which have been misconfigured in such a way that they can be used as smurf amplifiers for smurf denial of service attacks.
It can probe networks for vulnerability to smurf amplification, and then will either add them to its database, or remove them from the database, depending on the result of the test.
The explosion came two days after Vladimir Putin won reelection and several weeks after a suicide bombing killed 41 Moscow subway passengers.
According to the official version, Alekseychik was fired from his natural gas technician job several days prior to the explosion, and to get even with his former employers and the city he sabotaged the gas system thus causing the tragedy.
Radley College (formally St Peter's College, Radley) is a boys' Public School (independent boarding school) near Radley, Oxfordshire, England, which was founded in 1847.
It is one of four boys-only, boarding-only independent senior schools in the United Kingdom, the others being Winchester, Harrow and Eton.
The five other public schools listed in the Public Schools Act 1868 have since become co-educational: Rugby (1976), Charterhouse (1971), Westminster (1973), Wellington (2005), and Shrewsbury (2014).
For the academic year 2015/16, Radley charged boarders up to £11,475 per term, making it the 19th most expensive HMC (Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference) boarding school.
After the school was founded, extensive building work took place, beginning with the Chapel (replaced by the current building in 1895), F Social and the Octagon (the earliest living accommodation for the boys), the Clocktower (now the icon of Radley), and in 1910 the Dining Hall.
Building work has continued throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with two new Socials, a weights-room/gym, a theatre, and a Real Tennis court being completed since 2006.
Radley College issued a statement expressing full support for staff and procedures both within the art department and across the school.
In 2005 Radley College was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty by the Office of Fair Trading of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees .
Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £21,360 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a Trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.
In their defence, Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had previously been exempt from the anti-cartel rules applied to business; they were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with one another and they were unaware of the current law.
In 2012, the Independent review of A level results, based on government issued statistics, ranked Radley 31st in the UK, ahead of Malvern (32nd), Harrow (34th), Winchester (73rd), Tonbridge (74th), Eton (80th) and Wellington (89th) By 2019 they were still in the top 100 but had dropped to 75th place.
Sports played at the College are rugby football in the Michaelmas (Autumn) Term, hockey, rowing and football in the Lent Term and cricket, rowing, lawn tennis and athletics in the Summer Term.
The cricket grounds (including Smithson Fields) have been described as 'arguably one of the best in the country' while the sporting facilities have been described as world class.
A real tennis court opened in July 2008, which made Radley College the only school in the world to have fives, squash, badminton, tennis, racquets and real tennis courts all on campus.
The school lent its name to the thirty-first steam locomotive (Engine 930) in the Southern Railway's Class V of which there were 40.
This Class was also known as the Schools Class because all 40 of the class were named after prominent English public schools.
Nagamine named his style in honor of the two most important masters that his teachings were based upon, Sōkon Matsumura of Shuri-te, and Kosaku Matsumora of Tomari-te.
Normally, the style is referred to as Shōrin-ryū, but when a definite distinction is required between the other styles of the Shōrin-ryū family (Kobayashi Shōrin-ryū, Shōbayashi Shōrin-ryū and Matsumura Seito Hohan Sōken) then it is called Matsubayashi-ryū.
These are the ranks as set out by the World Matsubayashi-ryu (Shorin-ryu) Karate-Do Association (WMKA) and the Kodokan Nagamine Karate Dojo (World Honbu).
After the passing of the Matsubayashi-ryu founder, Shoshin Nagamine, in 1997 many practitioners of Matsubayashi-ryu Karate-do were affiliated with the Nagamine Honbu Dojo and the Okinawan Matsubayashi-ryu Karate-do Federation.
The Major Dojos and organizations in the United States are the SKKA, Okinawan Shorin ryu Midwest Honbu Dojo, the WSKF, the NAMKA and the SRKDI.
Pharnaces II of Pontus, also known as Pharnaces II (; about 97–47 BC) was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom until his death.
He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus and was the namesake of his late double great grandfather Pharnaces I of Pontus.
After his father was defeated by the Romans in the Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC) and died in 63 BC, the Romans annexed Pontus, merged it with the former Kingdom of Bithynia and formed the Roman Province of Bithynia and Pontus.
However, we know little of his youth from ancient writers and find him first mentioned after Mithridates VI was defeated by the Roman general Pompey during the Third Mithridatic War.
Cassius Dio and Florus wrote that Mithridates planned to attack Italy by crossing Scythia and the River Danube, according to the former, or through Thrace, Macedonia and Greece, according to the latter.
He went to Roman deserters who were encamped near Mithridates to highlight the dangers of the expedition and to encourage them to desert his father.
However, it did not have an effect on him because he was used to taking small portions of poison as a protection against poisoners.
He gave him the Cimmerian Bosporus except for Phanagoria, which was to be independent as a reward for having been the first to rebel against Mithridates.
Mithridates suppressed this before it caused troubles and punished some people, including some of his sons, just of the basis of suspicions.
Mithridates took some poison, but this did not kill him as he was used to take large doses of poison as an antidote.
In 49 BC, a civil war (Caesar's Civil War) broke out between Gaius Julius Caesar and the Roman senate whose forces were led by Pompey.
He took advantage of the absence of Deiotarus, the king of Galatia and Lesser Armenia, to seize Lesser Armenia, part of Cappadocia, and some cities in the Roman province of Bithynia and Pontus which had formerly been part of the Kingdom of Pontus and had been assigned to the Bithynia district of that province.
Caesar, who still had trouble in Egypt, sent Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus to take charge of the Roman legions in Roman province of Asia.
He next advanced towards Bithynia and the Roman province of Asia, but stopped because he learnt that Asander, whom he had left in charge back home in the Cimmerian Bosporus had revolted.
In his book on the Civil Wars, Appian only mentioned that Pharnaces seized the city of Amisus in Pontus, sold its inhabitants into slavery and made the boys eunuchs.
However, in his book on the Mithridatic Wars, he wrote that Pharnaces seized Sinope in Pontus and wanted to also take Amisus (further east in Pontus) and that it was for this reason that he made war on Domitius.
King Deiotarus went to see to Calvinus to beg him not to allow Lesser Armenia or Cappadocia, to be overrun by Pharnaces, otherwise he could not pay the money he had promised to Caesar.
Domitius considered this money to be indispensable for the military expenses and felt that it would be shameful if the kingdoms of the Roman allies and friends were to be seized by Pharnaces.
Thus, he sent envoys to Pharnaces to ask him to withdraw from Armenia and Cappadocia, believing that this would have greater impact than advancing on him with an army.
He had at his disposal only one Roman legion, the 36th, and two legions provided by Deiotarus which were equipped and trained the Roman way.
Pharnaces sent a reply in which he said that he had withdrawn from Cappadocia but had recovered Lesser Armenia which was his inheritance from his father and that, regarding this, he would wait for Caesar's reply and comply with what he decided.
Domitius thought that he had withdrawn from Cappadocia out of necessity rather than his free will because he heard about the two legions sent to Caesar and thought that if they advanced towards Armenia, he could defend it better if he stayed in Lesser Armenia.
Domitius insisted that Pharnaces should withdraw from Lesser Armenia, too, and marched towards Armenia through a wooded ridge which formed the border between Cappadocia and Armenia and extended into Lesser Armenia.
He got the local farmers to graze their cattle at various points in the gorge so that Domitius would not suspect an ambush and to encourage his troops to scatter to plunder the cattle.
Pharnaces intercepted dispatches from Caesar to Domitius and learnt that the latter was still in difficulty in Alexandria and was asking Domitius to send him reinforcements and to advance closer to Alexandria via Syria.
He placed his infantry between the trenches and the cavalry, which far outnumbered the Roman cavalry, on the flanks, outside the trenches.
He lined up for battle near his camp, posting the legions of Deioratus in the centre, the 36th on the right and the one from Pontus in a narrow line supported by the remaining cohorts.
In the battle the 36th attacked the enemy cavalry successfully and advanced close to the city walls, crossed the trench and attacked the enemy rear.
Pharnaces occupied Pontus, took many towns by storm, plundered the property of Roman and Pontic citizens and meted out harsh punishments on the youth.
He sent envoys to Caesar to see if he could make terms with him, reminding him that he had cooperated with Pompey.
He hoped for a truce and that Caesar would proceed to deal with urgent matters in Italy and Africa, after which he could resume his war.
Caesar suspected this and treated two embassies well, so that Pharnaces would hope for peace and he could attack him by surprise.
According to Plutarch, Caesar learned about the defeat of Domitius by Pharnaces and that Pharnaces was taking advantage of this to occupy Bithynia and Cappadocia and hoped to gain Lesser Armenia by instigating revolts by the local princes and tetrarchs when he left Egypt and was crossing Asia.
He jumped on his horse and started the battle, killing many of the enemy, even though he had only 100 cavalry.
In Cappadocia he prevented disputes between Ariobarzanes II of Cappadocia and his brother Ariarathes by giving the latter part of Lesser Armenia as a vassal of the former.
Besides this legion Caesar had the veteran 6th legion he had brought from Alexandria, which had lost many men in previous combats and was reduced to 1,000 men, and two legions which had fought with Domitius.
Caesar replied that he would be fair if Pharnaces kept his promise and ordered him to withdraw from Pontus and make restitutions to Rome's allies and Roman citizens.
He would accept his gifts (Pharnaces had sent him a golden crown) only after he had done what he was asked.
Pharnaces promised to comply and, hoping that Caesar would trust him as he had to return to Rome in a hurry, he asked for a later date for his withdrawal and proposed agreements as a delaying tactic.
Pharnaces had repaired the rampant of the camp his father had built when he posted his forces there during the Third Mithridatic War.
The following night he left his camp with all his troops and occupied a spot nearer the enemy camp which was the place where Pharnaces’ father defeated a Roman army.
This victory filled Caesar 'with incredible delight' because he brought a very serious war to an end quickly, won an easy victory and resolved a very difficult situation.
Caesar also allowed him to wage war against Asander and conquer the Cimmerian Bosporus because he had shown cruelty to his friend Pharnaces.
In the early 1st century BC Mithridates VI made an alliance with the Sarmatian tribes, and, probably through this alliance, Pharnaces (possibly sometime after 77 BC) married an unnamed Sarmatian noblewoman.
The 18th-century librettist Antonio Maria Lucchini crafted a libretto based on incidents from the life of Pharnaces II that was originally set by Antonio Vivaldi in 1727 under the title Farnace.
Based on the number of revivals of it that were staged, it must be counted as one of Vivaldi's most successful operas.
Isaac Bickerstaff Esq was a pseudonym used by Jonathan Swift as part of a hoax to predict the death of then famous Almanac–maker and astrologer John Partridge.
Accounts of an undertaker arriving at his house to arrange drapes for the mourning, an elegy being printed and even a gravestone being carved, all culminate to Partridge publishing a letter in hopes to have a last word on the matter and proclaim (and reclaim) himself as living.
In 1709 Swift, writing as Bickerstaff for the last time, publishes A Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff in which he abandons any real attempt to maintain the hoax.
John Partridge (1644 - c. 1714) was an English astrologer, the author and publisher of a number of astrological almanacs and books.
Although starting out in life humbly enough (he was working as a shoemaker in Covent Garden around 1680), Partridge managed to teach himself enough Latin, Greek, Hebrew and astrology to enrol at Leyden University, Holland.
His program for reform involved eliminating the elements derived for the medieval Arabic tradition in favour of a return to Ptolemy.
Born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, he was the mayor of the municipality from 1917 to 1930 and from 1932 to 1944 and president of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities in 1918.
He also founded the Union des municipalités de la province du Québec (Federation of municipalities in the province of Quebec) in 1919.
He served as Liberal leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1936 to 1939, after Liberal leader Adélard Godbout lost the 1936 election and also narrowly lost his own seat.
Positive economics (as opposed to normative economics) is the branch of economics that concerns the description and explanation of economic phenomena.
Still, positive economics is commonly deemed necessary for the ranking of economic policies or outcomes as to acceptability, which is normative economics.
The methodological basis for a positive/normative distinction has its roots in the fact-value distinction in philosophy, the principal proponents of such distinctions being David Hume and G. E. Moore.
Such debates are reflected in discussion of positive science and specifically in economics, where critics, such as Gunnar Myrdal (1954), and proponents of Feminist Economics such as Julie A. Nelson, Geoff Schneider and Jean Shackelford, and Diana Strassmann, dispute the idea that economics can be completely neutral and agenda-free.
A small multiple (sometimes called trellis chart, lattice chart, grid chart, or panel chart) is a series of similar graphs or charts using the same scale and axes, allowing them to be easily compared.
In the example, the departmental salary expense is charted by month with a dashed line indicating the average for each department.
Muybridge's work not only proved for the first time that all four of a horse's hooves left the ground during gallop (see upper central plates), but it also broke new ground in terms of artistic expression and became foundational to the development of the motion picture.
Muybridge went on to produce many more examples of small multiples showing animal locomotion through the medium of stop-motion photography, including boys playing leapfrog and a bison cantering.
Superintendent of the US Census at the time of its creation, Walker was determined to modernize the Census collection and analysis methods and used the Atlas to present the final data set using unprecedented visual forms, including many beautiful examples of small multiples.
At left is a chart showing the population broken down by occupation, including a count of those attending school, according to the 1870 Census.
The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) is a public research university on Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, Camden, and a constituent college of the University of London that specialises in public health and tropical medicine.
Since its foundation it has become one of the most highly placed institutions in global rankings in the fields of public health and infectious diseases.
The LSHTM's mission is to contribute to the improvement of health worldwide through the pursuit of excellence in research, postgraduate teaching and advanced training in national and international public health and tropical medicine, and through informing policy and practice in these areas.
The annual income of the institution for 2018–19 was £247.5 million of which £167.6 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £267.8 million.
The school was founded in 1899 by Sir Patrick Manson as the London School of Tropical Medicine after the Parsi philanthropist Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit made a donation of £6,666.
Just prior to this teaching in tropical medicine had been commenced in 1899 at the Extramural school at Edinburgh and even earlier at London's Livingstone College founded in 1893 by Charles F. Harford-Battersby (1865–1925).
Before giving lectures at St George's Hospital, London, in 1895, Livingstone College afforded Manson his first opportunity to teach courses in tropical medicine.
Manson's early career was as a physician in the Far East where he deduced the correct etiology of filariasis, a parasitic vector based disease, transmitted through the bite of a mosquito.
He strongly believed that doctors should be trained in tropical medicine to treat British colonial administrators and others working throughout Britain's tropical empire.
He also encouraged and mentored Ronald Ross during this period to uncover the correct etiology of malaria, which Ross subsequently discovered in 1897, winning the Nobel Prize for his efforts.
Among the School's early achievements were discoveries by George Carmichael Low, who proved filariasis is spread by mosquito bites, and Aldo Castellani, who discovered trypanosomes in the cerebral fluid of those affected by sleeping sickness, as well as further experiments proving mosquitoes as the vector in the spread of malaria.
During World War I, many of the faculty were conscripted into the army where they often continued to treat or research tropical diseases with the aim of protecting the health of the troops fighting in the Middle Eastern and African campaigns.
On the night of January 19th, 1917 a TNT explosion from a nearby munition depot damaged the school and hospital, further complicating the School's operations.
As a result of the war, the School expected an increase in the amount of patients suffering from tropical diseases after the return of troops from abroad and so a resolution was proposed to move the School to Central London.
In 1920 the School moved, with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, to Endsleigh Gardens in central London, taking over a former hotel which had been used as a hospital for officers during the First World War.
In 1921 the Athlone Committee recommended the creation of an institute of state medicine, which built on a proposal by the Rockefeller Foundation to develop a London-based institution that would lead the world in the promotion of public health and tropical medicine.
A competition to design a new school building to be sited in Gower Street, was held involving five architects, all experienced in laboratory design and construction.
The purchase of the site and the cost of a new building was made possible through a gift of $2m from the Rockefeller Foundation.
The Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health aims to be a methodological centre of excellence for research in national and global health issues, to expand the limits of epidemiological thinking & multi-disciplinary research to further understanding of health issues in their full complexity, to develop, refine and disseminate tools & methods for research design, data collection, analysis and evaluation, and to conduct rigorous research in national and global health.
The Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (ITD) was formed in August 1997 and encompasses all of the laboratory-based research in the School as well as that on the clinical and epidemiological aspects of infectious and tropical diseases.
The range of disciplines represented in the faculty is very broad and inter-disciplinary research is a feature of much of its activity.
The Faculty of Public Health and Policy aims to improve global health through research, teaching and the provision of advice in the areas of health policy, health systems and services, and individual, social and environmental influences on health.
The School has the largest numbers of research active staff in the areas of epidemiology, public health and health services research in the UK.
The Faculty of Public Health and Policy has over 220 members of staff, including epidemiologists, public health physicians, economists, policy analysts, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, psychologists, statisticians and mathematicians.
The Faculty's research programmes, with an annual spend of over £7m, focus on public health problems of importance both globally and in the UK, and build on an extensive network of collaborations.
The research programmes exploit multidisciplinary and multi-method approaches, generate new knowledge for specific contexts and test transferability to different settings, and engage with policymakers and providers of health care to ensure research is relevant and translated into practice.
The Faculty hosts School Centres in the areas of History in Public Health, Research on Drugs and Health Behaviours, Spatial Analysis in Public Health, Global Change and Health, Health of Societies in Transition (ECOHOST), and Gender Violence and Health.
In addition, staff participate in Centres based in other departments, notably the Malaria Centre and the Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease.
All three Faculties offer a wide range of MSc courses and Research Degrees leading to a University of London degree of DrPH, MPhil and PhD.
The LSHTM won the 2009 Gates Award for Global Health established by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and received $1 million in prize money.
More recently, a team of researchers led by Richard Hayes at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, have been awarded $37 million to test an innovative combination of strategies to prevent HIV in African countries.
In 2015 and 2016, US News Best Global Universities Rankings ranked the LSHTM as 3rd in the world for social sciences and public health, ranking behind only Harvard and Johns Hopkins Universities.
The School also ranked 29th in the world for clinical medicine, 20th for immunology and 39th for microbiology, contributing to an overall ranking of 114th in the world, 38th in Europe and 10th in the UK.
In the 2015 CWTS Leiden Ranking, the LSHTM has been ranked top university in Europe for research impact in all fields, ahead of Oxford and Cambridge.
The School is also ranked 6th overall in the world for impact based on the top 1% of published papers in all fields, after MIT, Harvard, Caltech, Stanford and Berkeley, 3rd in the world for biomedical and health sciences, after only MIT and Caltech, and 5th in the world overall for collaborative research.
The School has been ranked one of the top three research institutions in the UK in the Times Higher Education Table of Excellence, which is based on the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise.
Many normative (value) judgments, however, are held conditionally, to be given up if facts or knowledge of facts changes, so that a change of values may be purely scientific.
This specific statement makes the judgment that farmers deserve a higher living standard and that family farms ought to be saved.
Some earlier technical problems posed in welfare economics and the theory of justice have been sufficiently addressed as to leave room for consideration of proposals in applied fields such as resource allocation, public policy, social indicators, and inequality and poverty measurement.
Bringing years of previous toy making experience, Milton and Julius Forcheimer, two immigrant cousins from Nuremberg, Germany, whose family was involved in the production of Fandor trains founded Dorfan in 1924.
Dorfan's alloys suffered from impurities, which weakened the metal and caused the trains to disintegrate over time, an early victim of zinc pest.
Dorfan was also unique in its approach of building model trains that could be easily disassembled and reassembled, encouraging its customers to take the trains apart and learn how they worked (McKenney, 1993; Dorfan, pp.
At its peak, Dorfan had about 150 employees, but the Great Depression crippled the company and was not able to recover.
Because of the inevitable deterioration of the engine castings, limited numbers of Dorfan trains survive today, making them among the highly sought after models by collectors.
Some of the Dorfan tooling was later used by Unique Art to make its tinplate trains in the early 1950s (McKenney, 1993; Dorfan, pp.
The experiment sent a hydrogen maser, a highly accurate frequency standard, into space to measure with high precision the rate at which time passes in a weaker gravitational field.
Masses cause distortions in spacetime, which leads to the effects of length contraction and time dilation, both predicted results of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Because of the bending of spacetime, an observer on Earth (in a lower gravitational potential) should measure a different rate at which time passes than an observer that is sufficiently high up in Earth's atmosphere (at higher gravitational potential).
The equivalence principle states that a reference frame in a uniform gravitational field is indistinguishable from a reference frame that is under uniform acceleration.
Further, the equivalence principle predicts that phenomenon of different time flow rates, present in a uniformly accelerating reference frame, will also be present in a stationary reference frame that is in a uniform gravitational field.
The probe was carried via a Scout rocket, and attained a height of 10,000 km (6,200 mi), while remaining in space for 1 hour and 55 minutes, as intended.
The equivalence principle was a key component of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, and states that the laws of physics are the same regardless of whether you consider a uniformly accelerating reference frame or a reference frame that is acted upon by uniform gravitational field.
First, imagine a rocket ship that is at rest on the Earth's surface; objects in the rocket ship are being accelerated downward at 9.81 m/s².
Now, imagine a rocket ship that has escaped Earth's gravitational field and is accelerating upwards at a constant 9.81 m/s² due to thrust from its rockets; objects in the rocket ship that are dropped will fall to the floor with an acceleration of 9.81 m/s².
Further, the equivalence principle guarantees that phenomena that are caused by inertial effects will also be present due to gravitational effects.
The light beam does not seem to travel on a horizontal path according to the outside observer, rather the light seems to bend down toward the floor (because the floor is accelerating uniformly upward).
Indeed, the phenomenon of gravitational lensing states that matter can bend light, and this phenomenon has been observed by the Hubble Telescope.
Time dilation refers to the expansion or contraction in the rate at which time passes, and was the subject of the Gravity Probe A experiment.
Under Einstein's theory of general relativity, matter distorts the surrounding spacetime, so that space gets bent similarly to the way a sheet of fabric would bend if a bowling ball were dropped in the middle of the sheet.
But the distortion manifests itself in the time direction as well: time would appear for a distant observer to flow more slowly in the vicinity of a massive object.
For example, the metric, surrounding a spherically symmetric gravitating body, has a smaller coefficient at formula_1 closer to the body, which means slower rate of time flow there.
There is a similar idea of time dilation occurrence in Einstein's theory of special relativity (which deals with neither gravity nor the idea of curved spacetime).
Such a particle would observe time passing faster on the side it is accelerating towards and more slowly on the opposite side.
Einstein's equivalence principle generalizes this analogy, stating that an accelerating reference frame is locally indistinguishable from an inertial reference frame with a gravity force acting upon it.
In this way, the Gravity Probe A was a test of the equivalence principle, matching the observations in the inertial reference frame (of special relativity) of the Earth's surface affected by gravity, with the predictions of special relativity for the same frame treated as being accelerating upwards with respect to free fall reference, which can thought of being inertial and gravity-less.
Maser is an acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, and is similar to a laser, as it produces coherent electromagnetic waves in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum (as opposed to lasers which produce light in the visible or ultraviolet region).
The probe was launched nearly vertically upward to cause a large change in the gravitational potential seen by the maser, reaching a height of .
Along with the hydrogen maser, a microwave repeater was also included in the probe in order to measure the Doppler shift of the maser signal.
A Doppler shift occurs when a source is moving relative to the observer of that source, and results in a shift in the frequency that corresponds to the direction and magnitude of the source's motion.
The maser's signal is Doppler shifted because it is launched vertically at a high speed relative to the Earth, and the results from the maser need to be Doppler shifted in order to be correctly understood.
The goal of the experiment was to measure the rate at which time passes in a higher gravitational potential, so to test this the maser in the probe was compared to a similar maser that remained on Earth.
Before the two clock rates could be compared, the Doppler shift was subtracted out of the clock rate measured by the maser that was sent into space, to correct for the relative motion between the observers on Earth and the motion of the probe.
The two clock rates were then compared and further compared against the theoretical predictions of how the two clock rates would differ.
The stability of the maser permitted measurement of changes in the rate of the maser of 1 part in 10 for a 100-second measurement.
Gravity Probe A confirmed the prediction that deeper in the gravity well the time flows slower, and the observed effects matched the predicted effects to an accuracy of about 70 parts per million.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Marler studied at Selwyn House School, Bishop's College School, Royal Naval College of Canada and McGill University, where he earned a bachelor of civil law degree.
Marler successfully ran as a Liberal candidate in the provincial district of Westmount–Saint-Georges in a by-election held on March 23, 1942.
At the 1950 Quebec Liberal Party leadership convention, Marler declined nomination, and Georges-Émile Lapalme became the new party leader on May 20, 1950.
However, Lapalme failed to win a seat in the legislature in the 1952 election, so Marler continued as Leader of the Opposition until Lapalme won a by-election in 1953.
Marler resigned from the legislature on June 30, 1954, and was appointed to the federal cabinet of Louis Saint-Laurent as minister of transport.
One of the founding members of the society was Eduard Rüppell, and the two men collaborated in publishing the results of Rüppell's explorations in Africa.
Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, directly east of mainland Port Macquarie, northeast of Sydney, and about southwest of Norfolk Island.
It is about long and between wide with an area of , though just of that comprise the low-lying developed part of the island.
Most of the population lives in the north, while the south is dominated by forested hills rising to the highest point on the island, Mount Gower ().
Apart from Lord Howe Island itself, the most notable of these is the volcanic and uninhabited Ball's Pyramid about to the southeast of Howe.
When whaling declined, the 1880s saw the beginning of the worldwide export of the endemic kentia palms, which remains a key component of the Island's economy.
The Lord Howe Island Group is part of the state of New South Wales and is regarded legally as an unincorporated area administered by the Lord Howe Island Board, which reports to the New South Wales Minister for Environment and Heritage.
Most of the island is virtually untouched forest, with many of the plants and animals found nowhere else in the world.
Other natural attractions include the diversity of the landscapes, the variety of upper mantle and oceanic basalts, the world's southernmost barrier coral reef, nesting seabirds, and the rich historical and cultural heritage.
The island was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007 and the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Lord Howe Island is part of the IBRA region Pacific Subtropical Islands (code PSI) and is subregion PSI01 with an area of .
Prior to European discovery and settlement, Lord Howe Island apparently was uninhabited, and unknown to Polynesian peoples of the South Pacific.
The first reported European sighting of Lord Howe Island was on 17 February 1788 by Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball, commander of the Armed Tender (the oldest and smallest of the First Fleet ships), which was on its way from Botany Bay with a cargo of nine male and six female convicts to found a penal settlement on Norfolk Island.
On the return journey of 13 March 1788, Ball observed Ball's Pyramid and sent a party ashore on Lord Howe Island to claim it as a British possession.
Ball named Mount Lidgbird and Ball's Pyramid after himself and the main island after Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time.
Inside the reef also there were fish innumerable, which were so easily taken with a hook and line as to be able to catch a boat full in a short time.
The island was subsequently visited by many government and whaling ships sailing between New South Wales and Norfolk Island and across the Pacific, including many from the American whaling fleet, so its reputation as a provisioning port preceded settlement, with some ships leaving goats and pigs on the island as food for future visitors.
Between July and October 1791, the Third Fleet ships arrived at Sydney and within days, the deckwork was being reconstructed for a future in the lucrative whaling industry.
Whale oil was to become Australia's most profitable export until the 1830s, and the whaling industry shaped Lord Howe Island's early history.
They left three men, George Ashdown, James Bishop, and Chapman, who were employed by a Sydney whaling firm to establish a supply station.
Huts were built in an area now known as Old Settlement, which had a supply of fresh water, and a garden was established west of Blinky Beach.
This was a cashless society; the settlers bartered their stores of water, wood, vegetables, meat, fish, and bird feathers for clothes, tea, sugar, tools, tobacco, and other commodities not available on the island, but it was the whalers' valuation that had to be accepted.
These first settlers eventually left the island when they were bought out for £350 in September 1841 by businessmen Owen Poole and Richard Dawson (later joined by John Foulis), whose employees and others then settled on the island.
The new business was advertised and ships trading between Sydney and the New Hebrides (Vanuatu) would also put into the island.
Between 1839 and 1859, five to 12 ships made landfall each year, occasionally closer to 20, with seven or eight at a time laying off the reef.
Then in 1847, Poole, Dawson, and Foulis, bitter at failing to obtain a land lease from the New South Wales government, abandoned the settlement although three of their employees remained.
In the 1850s, gold was discovered on mainland Australia, where crews would abandon their ships, preferring to dig for gold than to risk their lives at sea.
As a consequence, many vessels avoided the mainland and Lord Howe Island experienced an increasing trade, which peaked between 1855 and 1857.
Between 1851 and 1853, several aborted proposals were made by the NSW government to establish a penal settlement on the island.
On board were three Scottish biologists, William Milne (a gardener-botanist from the Edinburgh Botanic Garden), John MacGillivray (naturalist) who collected fish and plant specimens, and assistant surgeon and zoologist Denis Macdonald.
George Campbell (who died in 1856) and Jack Brian (who left the island in 1854) arrived, and the third, Nathan Thompson, brought three women (called Botanga, Bogoroo, and a girl named Bogue) from the Gilbert Islands.
Thompson was the first resident to build a substantial house in the 1860s from mainland cedar washed up on the beach.
Most of the residents with island ancestors have blood relations or are connected by marriage to Thompson and his second wife Bogue.
From the early 1860s, whaling declined rapidly with the increasing use of petroleum, the onset of the California gold rush, and the American Civil War—with unfortunate consequences for the island.
It anchored in deep water at what is now Sylph's Hole off Old Settlement Beach, but was eventually tragically lost at sea in 1873, which added to the woes of the island at that time.
He was accompanied by Charles Moore, director of the Botanic Gardens in Sydney, and his assistant William Carron, who forwarded plant specimens to Ferdinand Mueller at the botanic gardens in Melbourne, who by 1875, had catalogued and published 195 species.
Together, they surveyed the island with the findings published in 1870 when the population was listed as 35 people, their 13 houses built of split palm battens thatched on the roof and sides with palm leaves.
Around this time, a downturn of trade began with the demise of the whaling industry and sometimes six to 12 months passed without a vessel calling.
From 1860 to 1872, 43 ships had collected provisions, but from 1873 to 1887, fewer than a dozen had done so.
In 1876, a government report on the island was submitted by surveyor William Fitzgerald based on a visit in the same year.
He also managed to upset the residents, and parliamentarian John Wilson was sent from the mainland in April 1882 to investigate the situation.
With Wilson was a team of scientists who included H. Wilkinson from the Mines Department, W. Condor from the Survey Department, J. Duff from the Sydney Botanical Gardens, and A. Morton from the Australian Museum.
This study sealed a lasting relationship with three scientific organisations, the Australian Museum, Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens, and Kew Royal Botanic Gardens.
The first plane to appear on the island was in 1931, when Francis Chichester alighted on the lagoon in a de Havilland Gipsy Moth converted into a floatplane.
It was damaged there in an overnight storm, but repaired with the assistance of islanders and then took off successfully nine weeks later for a flight to Sydney.
After World War II, in 1947, tourists arrived on Catalina and then four-engined Sandringham flying boats of Ansett Flying Boat Services operating out of Rose Bay, Sydney, and landing on the lagoon, the journey taking about 3½ hours.
When Lord Howe Island Airport was completed in 1974, the seaplanes were eventually replaced with QantasLink twin-engined turboprop Dash 8-200 aircraft.
In recent times, tourism has increased and the government of New South Wales has been increasingly involved with issues of conservation.
A plan has been made to drop 42 tonnes of rat bait across the island, but the community is heavily divided.
As at the 2016 census, the resident population was 382 people, and the number of tourists was not allowed to exceed 400.
Early settlers were European and American whalers and many of their offspring have remained on the island for more than six generations.
Nowadays, the area known locally as Church Paddock has Anglican, Catholic, and Adventist churches, the religious affiliations on the island being 30% Anglican, 22% no religion, 18% Catholic and 12% Seventh Day Adventist.
The ratio of the sexes is roughly equal, with 47% of the population in the age group 25–54 and 92% holding Australian citizenship.
In 1878, Richard Armstrong was appointed administrator when the NSW Parliament declared the island a forest reserve, but as a result of ill feeling, and an enquiry, he was eventually removed from office on 31 May 1882 (he returned later that year though to view the transit of Venus from present-day Transit Hill).
After his removal, the island was administered by four successive magistrates until 1913, when a Sydney-based board was formed; in 1948, a resident superintendent was appointed.
In 1913, the three-man Lord Howe Island Board of Control was established, mostly to regulate the palm seed industry, but also administering the affairs of the island from Sydney until the present Lord Howe Island Board was set up in 1954.
The Lord Howe Island Board is a NSW Statutory Authority established under the Lord Howe Island Act 1953, to administer the island as part of the state of New South Wales.
It reports directly to the state's Minister for Environment and Heritage, and is responsible for the care, control, and management of the island.
Its duties include the protection of World Heritage values; the control of development; the administration of Crown Land, including the island's protected area; provision of community services and infrastructure; and regulating sustainable tourism.
The board also manages the Lord Howe Island kentia palm nursery, which together with tourism, provides the island's only sources of external income.
Under an amendment bill in 2004, the board now comprises seven members, four of whom are elected from the islander community, thus giving about 350 permanent residents a high level of autonomy.
The full board meets on the island every three months, while the day-to-day affairs of the island are managed by the board's administration, with a permanent staff that had increased to 22 people by 1988.
Land tenure has been an issue since first settlement, as island residents repeatedly requested freehold title or an absolute gift of cultivated land.
In 1913, with the appointment of a board of control, permissive occupancies were revoked and the board itself given permissive occupancy of the island.
Short-term special leases were granted for larger areas used for agriculture, so in 1955, 55 perpetual leases and 43 special leases were granted.
An active debate exists concerning the proportion of residents with tenure and the degree of influence on the board of resident islanders in relation to long-term planning for visitors, and issues relating to the environment, amenity, and global heritage.
The first exporter of palm seeds was Ned King, a mountain guide for the Fitzgerald surveys of 1869 and 1876, who sent seed to the Sydney Botanic Gardens.
The native kentia palm (known locally as the thatch palm, as it was used to thatch the houses of the early settlers) is now the most popular decorative palm in the world.
The mild climate of the island has evolved a palm that can tolerate low light, a dry atmosphere and lowish temperatures—ideal for indoor conditions.
The nursery received certification in 1997 for its high quality management complying with the requirements of Australian Standard AS/NZS ISO 9002.
With fewer than 800 people on the island at any time, facilities are limited; they include a bakery, butcher, general store, liquor store, restaurants, post office, museum, and information centre, a police officer, a ranger, and an ATM at the bowling club.
To protect the fragile environment of Ball's Pyramid (which carries the last remaining wild population of the endangered Lord Howe Island stick insect), recreational climbing there is prohibited.
Tourist activities include golf (9-hole), lawn bowls, tennis, fishing (including deep-sea game fishing), yachting, windsurfing, kitesurfing, kayaking, and boat trips (including glass-bottom tours of the lagoon).
Swimming, snorkelling, and scuba diving are also popular in the lagoon, as well as off Tenth of June Island, a small rocky outcrop in the Admiralty group where an underwater plateau drops to reveal extensive gorgonia and black corals growing on the vertical walls.
Bushwalking, natural history tours, talks, and guided walks take place along the many tracks, the most challenging being the eight-hour guided hike to the top of Mount Gower.
Lying in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, the island is east of mainland Port Macquarie, northeast of Sydney, and about from Norfolk Island to its northeast.
Along the west coast is a semienclosed, sheltered coral reef lagoon with white sand, the most accessible of the island's 11 beaches.
Both the north and south sections of the island are high ground of relatively untouched forest, in the south comprising two volcanic mountains, Mount Lidgbird () and Mount Gower which, rising to , is the highest point on the island.
Apart from Lord Howe Island itself, the most notable of these is the pointed rocky islet Balls Pyramid, a eroded volcano about to the southeast, which is uninhabited by humans but bird-colonised.
Lord Howe Island is the highly eroded remains of a 7-million-year-old shield volcano, the product of eruptions that lasted for about 500,000 years.
It is one of a chain of islands that occur on the western rim of an undersea shelf, the Lord Howe Rise, which is long and wide extending from New Zealand to the west of New Caledonia and consisting of continental rocks that separated from the Australian plate 60 to 80 million years ago to form a new crust in the deep Tasman Basin.
The shelf is part of Zealandia, a microcontinent nearly half the size of Australia that gradually submerged after breaking away from the Gondwanan supercontinent.
The Lord Howe Seamount Chain is defined by coral-capped guyots stretching to the north of the island for and including the Middleton ( away) and Elizabeth ( away) reefs of the Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Park Reserve.
This chain of nine volcanic peaks was probably produced by the northward movement of the Indo-Australian Plate over a stationary hotspot, so the oldest guyots were the first formed and most northerly as the plate moved northward at a rate of per year (see plate tectonics).
Geological pyroclastic remnants of volcanic eruption can be seen on the Roach Island (where the oldest rocks occur) and Boat Harbour as tuff (ash), breccia (with angular blocks), and agglomerate (rounded 'bombs').
From the dimensions of the rock on which the island stands, the island has been calculated to erode to 1/40th of its original size.
Rocks and land at the foot of these mountains is calcarenite, a coral sand, blown inland during the Pleistocene between 130,000 and 20,000 years ago and cemented into stratified layers by water percolation.
The crescent of the island protects a coral reef] and lagoon, the barrier reef, at 31°S, is the most southerly in the world.
Beach sands, rather than consisting of quartz grains derived from granite, as on the mainland, are made of fragments of shell, coral, and coralline algae, together with basalt grains, and basaltic minerals such as black diopside and green olivine.
The island continues to erode rapidly and is expected to be fully submerged within 200,000 years, taking an appearance akin to the Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs.
In general, the summers are warm-hot with rainfall erratic, but occasionally heavy, while in winter it is very mild with rainfall more or less uniform.
The humidity averages in the 60–70% range year round, becoming more noticeable on warmer summer days than in the cooler winter months.
Almost half of the island's native plants are endemic and many of the island's unique plants grow on or around the mountain summits where the height has allowed the development of a true cloud forest and many different microhabitats from sea level to the summits.
In geological terms at 7 million years old, Lord Howe Island is relatively young and was never part of any continent, its flora and fauna colonising the island from across the sea, carried by wind, water, or birds, possibly assisted at a geological time when other islands were exposed, enabling island hopping.
The combined flora of these two islands is more closely related to that of New Zealand and New Caledonia than to that of Australia.
The flora of the island is relatively untouched with a large number of rare plants, 44% being endemic to the island.
With a diversity of conditions ranging from valleys, to ridges, plains, and misty mountain tops, habitat is available for a wide range of plant communities, which have been comprehensively analysed and mapped.
Plant communities have been classified into nine categories: lowland subtropical rainforest, submontane rainforest, cloud-forest and scrub, lowland swamp forest, mangrove scrub and seagrass, coastal scrub and cliff vegetation, inland scrub and herbland, offshore island vegetation, shoreline and beach vegetation, and disturbed vegetation.
The palms are the signature plants of the island as the kentia and curly palms especially dominate the landscape in many places, the kentia being of special economic importance.
Natural hybrids between these species occur on the island and a mature specimen of one is growing in the island nursery.
No snakes nor highly venomous or stinging insects, animals, or plants occur, and no dangerous daytime sharks are found off the beaches, although tiger sharks have been reported on the cliff side of the island.
Eighteen species of land birds breed on the island and many more migratory species occur on the island and its adjacent islets, many tame enough that humans can get quite close.
The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an endemic bird area, and the Permanent Park Preserve as an important bird area, because it supports the entire population of Lord Howe woodhens, most of the breeding population of providence petrels, over 1% of the world population of another five seabird species, and the whole populations of three endemic subspecies.
From the Little Island Track between March and November, one of the world's rarest birds, the providence petrel, also performs courtship displays during winter breeding, and it is extremely tame.
The island was its only breeding location for many years after the breeding colony on Norfolk Island was exterminated in the late 19th century, though a small population persists on the adjacent Phillip Island.
The Kermadec petrel was discovered breeding on Mount Gower in 1914 by ornithologist Roy Bell while collecting specimens for Gregory Mathews and the black-winged petrel was only confirmed as a breeder in 1971; its numbers have increased following the elimination of feral cats from the island.
The flesh-footed shearwater, which breeds in large numbers on the main island in spring-autumn, once had its chicks harvested for food by the islanders.
The wedge-tailed and little shearwaters breed on the main island and surrounding islets, though only a small number of the latter species can be found on the main island.
Masked boobies are the largest seabirds breeding on Lord Howe and can be seen nesting and gliding along the sea cliffs at Mutton Bird Point all year round.
Sooty terns can be seen on the main island at Ned's and Middle Beaches, North Bay, and Blinkey Beach; the most numerous of the island's breeding seabirds, their eggs were formerly harvested for food.
Common and black noddies build nests in trees and bushes, while white terns lay their single eggs precariously in a slight depression on a tree branch, and grey ternlets lay their eggs in cliff hollows.
The iconic endemic rail, the flightless Lord Howe woodhen, is the only surviving member of its genus; its ancestors could fly, but with no predators and plenty of food on the island, this ability was lost.
This made it easy prey for islanders and feral animals, so by the 1970s, the population was less than 30 birds.
From 1978 to 1984, feral animals were removed and birds were raised in captivity to be successfully reintroduced to the wild.
The endemic Lord Howe long-eared bat is known only from a skull and is now presumed extinct, possibly the result of the introduction of ship rats.
Marine environments are near-pristine with a mixtures of temperate, subtropical, and tropical species derived from cool-temperate ocean currents in the winter and the warm East Australian Current, which flows from the Great Barrier Reef, in summer.
Various species of cetaceans inhabit or migrate through the waters in vicinity, but very little about their biology in the area is known due to lack of studies and sighting efforts caused from locational conditions.
Bottlenose dolphins are the most commonly observed and are the only species confirmed to be seasonal or yearly residents, while some other dolphin species have also been observed.
Humpback whales are the only of large whales showing slow but steady recoveries as their numbers annually migrating past the island of Lord Howe are much smaller than those migrating along Australian continent.
Historically, migratory whales such as blue, fin, and sei whales were very abundant in the island waters, but were severely reduced in numbers to near-extinction by commercial and illegal hunts, including the mass illegal hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s to 1970s.
Southern right and sperm whales were most severely hunted among these, hence the area was called the Middle Ground by whalers.
These two were likely once seasonal residents around the island, where right whales prefer sheltered, very shallow bays, while sperm whales mainly inhabit deep waters.
About 10% of Lord Howe Island's forests has been cleared for agriculture, and another 20% has been disturbed, mostly by domestic cattle and feral sheep, goats, and pigs.
As a result, 70% of the island remains relatively untouched, with a variety of plants and animals, many of which are endemic, and some of which are rare or threatened.
The Lord Howe Island Board instigated an extensive biological and environmental survey (published in 1974), which has guided the island conservation program.
Administration of the preserve was outlined in a management plan for the sustainable development of the island prepared by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, which has a ranger stationed on the island.
This consists of a state marine park managed by the Marine Parks Authority of New South Wales in the waters out to three nautical miles around the island and including Ball's Pyramid.
It also includes a Commonwealth Marine Park extending from 3 to 12 nautical miles out and managed by the federal Department of the Environment and Heritage.
Pigs and goats were released on the island as potential food in the early 1800s; the goats destroyed shrubs and grasses used as nesting sites and the pigs ate eggs and chicks and disturbed the land by rooting for food.
The first round of extinctions included the Lord Howe swamphen or white gallinule, white-throated pigeon, red-crowned parakeet, and Tasman booby, which were eliminated by visitors and settlers during the 19th century, either from overhunting for food or protection of crops.
This triggered a second wave of extinctions, including the vinous-tinted thrush, robust white-eye, Lord Howe starling, Lord Howe fantail and the Lord Howe gerygone as well as the destruction of the native phasmid and decimation of palm fruits.
The Lord Howe boobook may have become extinct through predation by, or competition with, the Tasmanian masked owls, which were introduced in the 1920s in a failed attempt to control the rat population.
Invasive plants such as Crofton weed and Formosa lily occur in inaccessible areas and probably cannot be eradicated, but others are currently being managed.
Introduced species that harmed Lord Howe's native flora and fauna, feral pigs, cats and goats were eradicated by the early 2000s.
In July 2012, the Australian federal Environment Minister Tony Burke and the New South Wales Environment Minister Robyn Parker announced that the Australian and NSW governments would each contribute 50% of the estimated A$9 million cost of implementing a rodent eradication plan for the island, using aerial deployment of poison baits.
Following the successful eradication of the rodents all woodhends and currawongs were released across the island in late 2019 and early 2020.
A recovery program has restored the Lord Howe woodhen numbers from only 20 in 1970 to about 200 in 2000, which is close to carrying capacity.
According to an analysis by Tim Flannery, the ecosystem of Lord Howe Island is threatened by climate change and global warming, with the reefs at risk from rises in water temperature.
The Lord Howe Islands Group was inscribed on the World Heritage List for its unique landforms and biota, its diverse and largely intact ecosystems, natural beauty, and habitats for threatened species.
Lord Howe Island and adjacent islets, Admiralty Islands, Mutton Bird Islands, Ball's Pyramid, and associated coral reefs and marine environs were added to the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007, on the basis of the World Heritage List.
In September 2019 it was revealed that, in 2017, federal environment minister Josh Frydenberg overruled a recommendation from his department to install two wind turbines.
The project, which would have substantially reduced the Island's dependence on diesel-powered electricity generators, had been considered not to endanger the Island's heritage status and was supported by the Islanders.
They are periodic changes of atmospheric pressure, temperature and orthometric height in a current of air caused by vertical displacement, for example orographic lift when the wind blows over a mountain or mountain range.
They can also be caused by the surface wind blowing over an escarpment or plateau, or even by upper winds deflected over a thermal updraft or cloud street.
Usually a turbulent vortex, with its axis of rotation parallel to the mountain range, is generated around the first trough; this is called a rotor.
The strongest lee waves are produced when the lapse rate shows a stable layer above the obstruction, with an unstable layer above and below.
These wave fronts represent extrema in the perturbed pressure field (i.e., lines of lowest and highest pressure), while the areas between wave fronts represent extrema in the perturbed buoyancy field (i.e., areas most rapidly gaining or losing buoyancy).
Energy is transmitted along the wave fronts (parallel to air parcel oscillations), which is the direction of the wave group velocity.
Both lee waves and the rotor may be indicated by specific wave cloud formations if there is sufficient moisture in the atmosphere, and sufficient vertical displacement to cool the air to the dew point.
Wave clouds do not move downwind as clouds usually do, but remain fixed in position relative to the obstruction that forms them.
World record wave flight performances for speed, distance or altitude have been made in the lee of the Sierra Nevada, Alps, Patagonic Andes, and Southern Alps mountain ranges.
The Perlan Project is working to demonstrate the viability of climbing above the tropopause in an unpowered glider using lee waves, making the transition into stratospheric standing waves.
The Mountain Wave Project of the Organisation Scientifique et Technique du Vol à Voile focusses on analysis and classification of lee waves and associated rotors.
It can even be a hazard for large aircraft; the phenomenon is believed responsible for many aviation accidents and incidents, including the in-flight breakup of BOAC Flight 911, a Boeing 707, near Mt.
Fuji, Japan in 1966, and the in-flight separation of an engine on an Evergreen International Airlines Boeing 747 cargo jet near Anchorage, Alaska in 1993.
The rising air of the wave, which allows gliders to climb to great heights, can also result in high altitude upset in jet aircraft trying to maintain level cruising flight in lee waves.
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (7 January 1794 in Brünn (Brno), Moravia – 5 March 1865 at Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna) was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).
He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a pupil of Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766–1839).
The Jefferson River and the Madison River form the official beginning of the Missouri at Missouri Headwaters State Park near Three Forks.
From broad valleys to a narrow canyon, the Jefferson River passes through a region of significant geological diversity, with some of the oldest and youngest rocks of North America and a diversity of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary formations.
The region was only intermittently inhabited by Native Americans until relatively recent times, and no single tribe had exclusive use of the Jefferson River when the Lewis and Clark Expedition first ascended the river in 1805.
Today, the Jefferson River retains much of its scenic beauty and wildlife diversity from the days of Lewis and Clark, yet is threatened by water use issues and encroaching development.
The longest begins at Brower's Spring, 9,030 feet (2,750 m) above sea level, on the northern flank of the Centennial Mountains.
The water flows west then north as Hell Roaring Creek before merging with Rock Creek and flowing west through Upper and Lower Red Rock Lakes.
Here it becomes the Red Rock River, flowing west through Lima Reservoir and then northwest into Clark Canyon Reservoir near Dillon.
It is joined by the Ruby River above the town of Twin Bridges and converges with the Big Hole River to form the Jefferson about two miles downstream from town.
The Jefferson River flows north through the Jefferson Valley towards Whitehall and then east, where it is joined by the Boulder River before passing through the narrow Jefferson River canyon near Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park.
The Jefferson converges with the Madison River at Missouri Headwaters State Park near Three Forks to form the Missouri River, joined a short distance downstream by the Gallatin River.
The geology of the Jefferson River and the surrounding mountain ranges includes some of the oldest rocks found in North America, dating back to the Archean Eon, 2.7 billion years ago.
Found primarily in the Tobacco Root and Ruby ranges, these ancient rocks are metamorphic, having been highly compressed and nearly re-melted by geologic forces over eons of time.
About a billion years ago, the Willow Creek Fault, north of the Jefferson River canyon, dropped down deeply and filled with seawater, stretching north to Alberta and British Columbia.
Eventually, the sea receded and erosion wore away intervening geologic history until about 530 million years ago, during the Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era.
A new sea encroached on the land, depositing sedimentary layers of limestone, dolomite, shale, and sandstone over several hundred million years.
By the Mississippian Period, 340 million years ago, much of western North America was covered with a warm, shallow sea, much like the Gulf Coast of Florida today.
Small marine fossils can be found in the Madison Group limestone that makes up the steep, narrow section of the Jefferson River canyon today.
Rainwater percolated down through cracks in the limestone, dissolving rock and creating caves such as those found at Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park.
The batholith is composed of at least seven, and possibly as many as fourteen, discrete igneous rock masses called plutons, which formed beneath the Earth’s surface during a period of magma intrusion about 73 to 78 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous.
The ancient metamorphic and more recent sedimentary layers above the batholiths eroded away as the magma pushed up through the crust.
Thus, the granite batholiths are typically found at the center of local mountain ranges, while the much older metamorphic gneiss is usually found lower in the mountains, and limestone layers are mostly found in the foothills nearest the Jefferson River.
The Rocky Mountains began a new and continuing phase of crustal stress 5 to 10 million years ago as tectonic forces began to pull the region apart.
Blocks of earth dropped down to form valleys, and the Jefferson River eroded a channel through rock to form the Jefferson River canyon.
Clovis points dated 12,000 to 13,000 years old have been found along the Missouri River near Townsend, Montana, about forty-five miles beyond the Jefferson.
Upstream from the Jefferson, at Barton Gulch, a tributary of the Ruby-Jefferson River system, archaeologists excavated an extensive complex of Paleo-Indian cooking pits and earth ovens dated to 9400 RCYBP.
The Salish and Pend d'Oreille migrated in from the north and northwest, venturing south to the Jefferson River/Missouri Headwaters and eastward.
With horses of Spanish origin, the Shoshone migrated into Montana from the Great Basin and hunted buffalo, becoming the dominant tribe in the area.
However, the arrival and expansion of European settlers on the east coast pushed Native Americans west, in a domino effect that extended all the way into Montana.
The Crow migrated into Montana from the east in the 1600s, followed by the Blackfeet, Gros Ventre, and Assiniboine in the 1700s.
By 1800, the Missouri headwaters and much of southwest Montana was a crossroads frequented by the Lemhi Shoshone, Bannock, Nez Perce, Flathead, Crow, Sioux, and Piegan Blackfeet.
Sacagawea, of the Lemhi Shoshone, was captured by the Hidatsa on the lower Jefferson River in 1800, when she was about twelve years old.
She was later married to Toussaint Charbonneau and both of them joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition when Lewis and Clark wintered with the Hidatsa in North Dakota in 1804-05.
The Missouri River flowed southeast from an unknown source, joining the Mississippi River before flowing south to the Gulf of Mexico.
The United States acquired the Missouri River watershed through the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, and President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark with a company of men to explore up the Missouri in the hopes of finding a navigable water route to the Pacific, with a low portage connecting one watershed with the other.
The Expedition departed from Saint Louis, Missouri in the spring of 1804, ascended the Missouri River that summer, then wintered over with the Hidatsa Indians in North Dakota, where they met Toussaint Charbonneau and his Shoshone wife Sacagawea.
Of the three streams that make up the headwaters of the Missouri, the eastern fork is the smallest, while the larger middle and western forks are of relatively equal size.
The expedition rested a couple days at the Missouri headwaters, then began to ascend the Jefferson River, using ropes to pull the dugout canoes upstream against the current.
The valley though which our rout of this [day] lay and through which the river winds it's meandering course is a beatifull level plain with but little timber and that on the verge of the river.
the land is tolerably fertile, consisting of a black or dark yellow loam, and covered with grass from 9 Inches to 2 feet high.
The plain ascends gradually on either side of the river to the bases of two ranges of mountains which ly parallel to the river and which terminate 〈it's〉 the width of the vally.
Arriving at a major confluence, Lewis and Clark named the western fork the Wisdom River, the eastern fork the Philanthropy River and retained the middle fork as a continuation of the Jefferson River.
The Jefferson River is a segment of the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, established by Congress in 1978 and administered by the National Park Service.
The Jefferson River is rated as Class I water for recreational purposes from its origin at the Beaverhead and Big Hole rivers to its confluence with the Missouri at Three Forks.
The upper Jefferson is a much-braided, meandering river and floodplain system that supports productive farm fields, extensive cottonwood groves, rich meadows, and abundant wildlife.
The river creates diverse habitats as it naturally shifts back and forth across the Jefferson Valley, forming oxbows and swamps of various depth and age.
The upper Jefferson extends from the confluence of the Big Hole and the Beaverhead rivers approximately 44 miles downstream to the community of Cardwell.
The middle Jefferson enters a narrow canyon a short distance downstream from Cardwell and is largely contained by the geography for most of the next 15 miles downstream to Sappington Bridge.
Lacking the ability to flood or meander, this section of the river has few trees, swamps, meadows, and significantly less wildlife than the upper Jefferson.
The lower Jefferson opens up again into a meandering, braided river from Sappington bridge approximately 24 miles downstream to its confluence with the Madison River.
Dams constructed upstream on the Ruby and Beaverhead rivers store surplus water from spring runoff which is released to augment natural flows during the summer irrigation season.
The unnaturally warm water, combined with excess nutrients from irrigation runoff and grazing practices, can stimulate rapid growth of algae in mid-summer, to the detriment of anglers and floaters.
The Ruby River was measured at 310 CFS, the Big Hole River was measured at 200 CFS and the Beaverhead River was measured at 630 CFS.
Irrigators took over 98% of this stream flow by forcing the river into irrigation channels using diversion dams, leaving less than 2% of water in the river.
While much of the Jefferson River remains untouched and scenic, it is threatened by new housing developments that incrementally fragment wildlife habitat and vistas along the river.
Efforts to stabilize portions of the riverbank with rock, concrete, and other rip-rap materials have inhibited the river's ability to flood, meander, and form new cottonwood groves and wildlife habitat.
The river's original headwaters, formed by the confluence of the Red Rock River and Horse Prairie Creek, are now flooded under Clark Canyon Reservoir, which also floods the first of the river.
With the Red Rock River included in its length, the river stretches another , for a total length of , one of the more significant drainages of south-western Montana.
In 1805, Captain Meriwether Lewis traveled up the Jefferson and Beaverhead first, but when the rest of the expedition came, a sign Lewis had left at the confluence of the Beaverhead and Big Hole telling them to follow the Beaverhead had been cut down by a beaver, and the expedition traveled up the Big Hole instead.
As a result, the swifter current of the Big Hole swamped two of their canoes before they could travel back down to the confluence.
Together with the Red Rock River, the Beaverhead forms the uppermost headwaters of the Missouri River, the longest tributary of the Mississippi River.
The river is a Class I water from the Clark Canyon Dam to its confluence with the Jefferson river for the purposes of public access for recreational purposes.
It won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for best science fiction novel in 1982, as well as an Australian Science Fiction Achievement Award in 1983.
It is Hoban's best-known adult novel and a drastic departure from his other work, although he continued to explore some of the same themes in other settings.
Hoban began work on the novel in 1974, inspired by the medieval wall painting of the legend of Saint Eustace at Canterbury Cathedral.
Roughly two thousand years after a nuclear war has devastated civilization, Riddley, the young narrator, stumbles upon efforts to recreate a weapon of the ancient world.
Their level of civilization is similar to England's prehistoric Iron Age, although they do not produce their own iron but salvage it from ancient machinery.
Church and state have combined into one secretive institution, whose mythology, based on misinterpreted stories of the war and an old Catholic saint (Eustace), is enacted in puppet shows.
He served as Conservative leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1931 to 1932, after Conservative leader Camillien Houde lost the 1931 Quebec election and also failed to win a seat.
He was re-elected in the 1935 election as a Conservative, but in his unsuccessful election bid in 1936 he ran as an independent Conservative candidate and lost to Gilbert Layton of the Union Nationale, which had been formed from the merger of the now-defunct Conservative Party of Quebec and the short-lived Action libérale nationale.
Waterstones, formerly Waterstone's, is a British book retailer that operates 283 shops, mainly in the UK and also other nearby countries.
Established in 1982 by Tim Waterstone, after whom the company was named, the bookseller expanded rapidly until being sold in 1993 to WHSmith.
The company was taken under the umbrella of HMV Group, which later merged the Dillons and Ottakar's brands into the company.
In May 2011, it was announced that A&NN Capital Fund Management, owned by Russian billionaire Alexander Mamut, had bought the chain for £53.5m and appointed James Daunt as managing director.
The company is incorporated in England & Wales as Waterstones Booksellers Ltd, with its registered office at 203–206 Piccadilly, London (which is also the location of its flagship shop).
As well as the Waterstones brand, the company owns the London bookseller Hatchards, Irish shop Hodges Figgis, and reached an agreement to purchase Foyles in 2018.
The bookseller has concession agreements with Paperchase and previously with coffee chains Costa Coffee and Starbucks in some shops, but since 2012 has introduced its own Café W brand.
For a time, Waterstones sold eReaders, including in 2012 partnering with Amazon to sell the Amazon Kindle, but has since pulled out of this market for commercial reasons.
He set up his first shop in Old Brompton Road, Kensington with the ambition of creating a 'different breed of bookshop', using techniques he had seen in the United States.
In 1990 WHSmith took a strong minority stake in the chain, and ten years after its birth, by 1992, Waterstone's had grown to be the largest bookseller group in Europe.
WHSmith then acquired the company in 1993 at an enterprise value of £47m, paying £5.27 a share on 8.1m 10p shares, a 53x multiple for the early stage investors.
Under WHSmith, Waterstones pursued international expansion, opening its first US shop in Boston in 1991, as well as further domestic expansion – opening its 100th UK shop in a former chapel in Reading.
The chain was part of the eventual dismantling of the Net Book Agreement, when in 1991, following a promotion by then rivals Dillons, the company decided to pursue its own discounting promotion on selected titles.
Following an attempt by Tim Waterstone in 1997 to buy the entire WHSmith group, WHSmith sold the Waterstones chain for £300 million to HMV Media plc (now HMV Group) – a joint venture between EMI, Advent International and Tim Waterstone.
In 2003, Waterstones announced it was supporting Dyslexia Action as its chosen charity, helping to raise awareness and understanding for dyslexia.
In 2006 Giles stepped down from his position and was replaced by Gerry Johnson as managing director of Waterstones and Simon Fox as group CEO.
Following a consultation, the company's supply chain was overhauled in 2008 with the implementation of a warehouse and distribution centre in Burton-upon-Trent.
Existing direct-to-store deliveries from suppliers were replaced by a centralised warehouse capable of receiving merchandise and sorting an estimated 70 million books per year and 200 staff were made redundant by the process.
In September 2008, Waterstones began selling the Sony Reader in an agreement which saw the booksellers' branches and Sony Centre shops stock the reader exclusively for two weeks after its release.
In January 2010, HMV Group announced that Waterstones like-for-like sales over the Christmas period were down 8.5 per cent on the previous year.
He was replaced by development director Dominic Myers, who was managing director of the British academic bookselling chain Blackwells until 2005.
In response to the decline in sales, he implemented a three-year plan in which branches were tailored to their local market alongside a 'rejuvenation' of the company brand and an increase in range.
The company also moved to support the Rainbow Trust, which provides support to children with life-threatening and terminal illnesses and their families, in the same year.
After an announcement that profits would be at the lower end of analysts' forecasts due to falling sales and a share price fall of 20%, HMV Group indicated its intention to close a number of Waterstones branches in January 2011.
These shop closures, including two in Dublin, Republic of Ireland and nine others across the United Kingdom occurred in February 2011.
In May 2011 HMV Group announced the sale of Waterstones to A&NN Capital Fund Management, a fund controlled by Russian businessman Alexander Mamut for £53 million.
On 29 June 2011, the sale of Waterstones was completed and approved by the vast majority of shareholders at an emergency general meeting.
Mamut appointed James Daunt, founder of Daunt Books, as managing director and a Board of Directors was announced in October 2011 including Miranda Curtis as Chairman.
In January 2012, the company announced that it would be moving away from the branding developed in 2010 by agency VentureThree, and reverting to its original logo.
In the same month, Waterstones confirmed plans to open a Russian language bookshop in its Piccadilly branch, intending to stock 5000 titles with the shop being entirely staffed of Russian-speaking booksellers.
Following a decision in late-2011 to scrap an e-reading offer in-branch, it was announced in May 2012 that Waterstones would be selling the Amazon Kindle across its estate.
The Café W brand was trialled in the Sutton branch, with an expressed aim for around 130 shops over a 3-year period to be fitted with a café.
The accounts for the year to 2012 showed Waterstones, prior- and post-acquisition had made losses of £37.3 million Started in 2012 was an overhaul of the company's business strategy, with centralised decision making giving way to shop-based decisions and a renewed emphasis on traditional bookselling techniques.
Waterstones embarked on a major restructuring of staffing levels, with a company-wide consultation with 560 managerial staff to subsequently reduce roles within the company.
Waterstones launched a number of new partnerships through the year, including with the University of Derby to launch a professional qualification programme for its staff, with the Folio Society to extend customer reach and stock selection in London-based bookshops, and partnering with a new charity, BookTrust.
By the end of 2013, Waterstones had cut its losses to £12.2 million, opened 12 further Café W and embarked on a capital investment in its shop portfolio of £29.5 million.
In 2014, the opened new shops in Ringwood, Blackburn and Southwold, its first branch to be without Waterstones branding, as well as closing shops in Eastleigh and St Neots.
Continued business strategy change saw further departures from Head Office in brand communication and PR and a renewed agency contract for Waterstones’ digital marketing with Epiphany.
The retailer overhauled its business technology with new algorithms on its website to help personalise the online shopping experience, updated point-of-sale IT and by introducing contactless payment in its shops.
The retailer partnered with Airbnb to hold a one-off ‘sleepover’ for customers in its Piccadilly branch in October 2014 after a customer was accidentally trapped in the Trafalgar Square branch after closing.
This was followed, after a failed attempt to buy Blinkbox books from Tesco in January 2015, with Waterstones announcing it had sold its ebook business to Rakuten Kobo Inc. in May 2016, subsequently directing customers who had purchased eBooks through the retailer to access their ebooks via Kobo's eBook site.
The company partnered with Oxfam in 2015 to raise £1 million for those impacted by the Syrian civil war crisis through a nationwide campaign called ‘Buy Books for Syria’.
Further changes to shops were made in 2015, with the closure of Wimbledon and Birmingham New Street, the opening of The Rye Bookshop and a return to Welwyn Garden City.
The company reported an operating income of £5.4 million and a further narrowing of losses to £4.5 million from £18.8 million the previous year.
Shops in Oxford Street Plaza, Edinburgh George Street, and Reading Oracle were closed, Harpenden Books, Glasgow Fort, Tottenham Court Road were opened and Wimbledon and Watford were reopened in new sites.
Daunt made public his concern that the UK EU referendum was likely to impact on company sales due to an expected retail downturn following a ‘no’ vote.
He later noted that sales had remained ‘buoyant’ following the decision to leave the EU, but remained pessimistic for the future.
This included increased profits in Ireland, with sales rising 7% over the year, with the company expressing a desire to open more shops in Ireland.
The management board was reduced from 7 members to 3 in August 2016, with the departure of Miranda Curtis and a statement that the future composition was under review.
Waterstones announced it had raised £300,000 for BookTrust in 3 years since partnering, and would continue the partnership for a fourth year.
In April 2018, hedge fund Elliott Management Corporation bought a majority stake in the company, leaving Alexander Mamut's Lynwood Investments with a minority holding.
Acquired in 1995 by the Thorn EMI group, Dillons was the UK's second largest bookseller behind Waterstones and was the bookselling arm of EMI's retail division, which included HMV.
Following the demerger of Thorn and EMI in 1996, the retail arm was divested from the EMI portfolio within a year and spun off into the HMV Media Group, an investment venture between EMI Group and Advent International private equity group.
This venture included HMV, Dillons and Waterstones (the latter bought from WHSmith for £300 million), combining to make an international entertainment retailer of over 500 shops.
Following a rebuffed takeover attempt in 1997 of WHSmith, Tim Waterstone became part of the deal and by May 1998, following the £801 million deal completion became chairman of the group.
This alarmed publishers and authors who hoped the Office of Fair Trading would refer the takeover bid to the Competition Commission.
In July 2006, a conversion programme was initiated and within four months, every Ottakar's shop had been relaunched as a Waterstones and had seen the loss of 100 jobs.
The shops, in Fleet Street, London Wall, Holborn, Wandsworth, Uxbridge, Finchley Road, and Canary Wharf, were rebranded and merged into the Waterstones chain by September 2008.
Amazon has received sustained scrutiny for the amount of its overall sales that are reported by its UK subsidiary, in comparison to those 'processed offshore in Luxembourg to avoid UK tax'.
In the 2012–13 financial year, Amazon paid £3.2 million in tax on sales of £4.2 billion and received £2.5 million in grants from the government.
In the same period, it was revealed that Waterstones paid £11.9 million in tax, despite an operating loss of £25.4 million and sales of £410.4 million.
In the 2013–14 financial period, the first full year under A&NN, Waterstones reported sales to Companies House of £398.5 million and an operating loss of £12.2 million.
Commentators were split on the ethics of the decision to open unbranded shops, but it was noted that at no point had attempts been made to hide the connection to the retailer.
Waterstones maintains and supports various literary awards, including the Waterstones Children's Laureate, the Waterstones Children's Book Prize, The Waterstones Book of the Year, and the Pushkin House Russian Book Prize as well as now defunct awards including the Waterstones 11 and The Guardian First Book Award.
The prize, which has been running since 2012, sees booksellers from across the company select a shortlist of books from any category, published at any time, before the winner is chosen by panel.
Set up in 2011, the Waterstones 11 was created to promote debut literary fiction from new authors being published in the year ahead.
Books were chosen from a list of 100 submitted by publishers, and were announced in January 2011 with in-shop and online support, as well as a media campaign for the final 11.
Waterstones has academic and high street shops in Europe including the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland (with shops in Cork and Drogheda, and previously with shops in Dublin), and in the Netherlands and Belgium.
Its flagship shop on Piccadilly, formerly the Simpsons of Piccadilly department store and notable for its 1930s-Modernist architecture, is the largest shop in the Waterstones estate and claimed to be the largest bookshop in Europe.
The main academic branch, formerly the flagship shop of Dillons, is located on Gower Street, between University College London and the Student Central, and promoted as Europe's largest academic bookshop.
The Madison River is a headwater tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 183 miles (295 km) long, in Wyoming and Montana.
The Madison rises in Teton County in northwestern Wyoming at the confluence of the Firehole and Gibbon rivers, a location known as Madison Junction in Yellowstone National Park.
It flows west then north through the mountains of southwestern Montana to join the Jefferson and Gallatin rivers at Three Forks.
The central fork of the three, it was named for U.S. Secretary of State James Madison, who would succeed Thomas Jefferson as President in 1809.
It is classified as a blue ribbon fishery in Montana and is one of the most productive streams in Montana for brown trout, rainbow trout and mountain whitefish.
An autostereogram is a single-image stereogram (SIS), designed to create the visual illusion of a three-dimensional (3D) scene from a two-dimensional image.
In order to perceive 3D shapes in these autostereograms, one must overcome the normally automatic coordination between accommodation (focus) and horizontal vergence (angle of one's eyes).
The illusion is one of depth perception and involves stereopsis: depth perception arising from the different perspective each eye has of a three-dimensional scene, called binocular parallax.
A stereoscope presents 2D images of the same object from slightly different angles to the left eye and the right eye, allowing us to reconstruct the original object via binocular disparity.
When viewed with the proper vergence, an autostereogram does the same, the binocular disparity existing in adjacent parts of the repeating 2D patterns.
An image designed for wall-eyed viewing if viewed correctly will appear to pop out of the background, while if viewed cross-eyed it will instead appear as a cut-out behind the background and may be difficult to bring entirely into focus.
In 1838, the British scientist Charles Wheatstone published an explanation of stereopsis (binocular depth perception) arising from differences in the horizontal positions of images in the two eyes.
He supported his explanation by showing pictures with such horizontal differences, stereograms, separately to the left and right eyes through a stereoscope he invented based on mirrors.
Between 1849 and 1850, David Brewster, a Scottish scientist, improved the Wheatstone stereoscope by using lenses instead of mirrors, thus reducing the size of the device.
He noticed that staring at repeated patterns in wallpapers could trick the brain into matching pairs of them as coming from the same virtual object on a virtual plane behind the walls.
In 1939 Boris Kompaneysky published the first random dot stereogram containing an image of the face of Venus, intended to be viewed with a device.
In 1959, Bela Julesz, a vision scientist, psychologist and MacArthur Fellow, invented the random dot stereogram while working at Bell Laboratories on recognizing camouflaged objects from aerial pictures taken by spy planes.
At the time, many vision scientists still thought that depth perception occurred in the eye itself, whereas now it is known to be a complex neurological process.
Julesz used a computer to create a stereo pair of random-dot images which, when viewed under a stereoscope, caused the brain to see 3D shapes.
Japanese designer Masayuki Ito, following Julesz, created a single image stereogram in 1970 and Swiss painter Alfons Schilling created a handmade single-image stereogram in 1974, after creating more than one viewer and meeting with Julesz.
Having experience with stereo imaging in holography, lenticular photography, and vectography, he developed a random-dot method based on closely spaced vertical lines in parallax.
This type of autostereogram allows a person to see 3D shapes from a single 2D image without the aid of optical equipment.
Stereopsis, or stereo vision, is the visual blending of two similar but not identical images into one, with resulting visual perception of solidity and depth.
In the human brain, stereopsis results from complex mechanisms that form a three-dimensional impression by matching each point (or set of points) in one eye's view with the equivalent point (or set of points) in the other eye's view.
By looking at a horizontally repeating pattern, but converging the two eyes at a point behind the pattern, it is possible to trick the brain into matching one element of the pattern, as seen by the left eye, with another (similar looking) element, beside the first, as seen by the right eye.
With the typical wall-eyed viewing, this gives the illusion of a plane bearing the same pattern but located behind the real wall.
If, over some area of the picture, the pattern is repeated at smaller distances, that area will appear closer than the background plane.
If the distance of repeats is longer over some area, then that area will appear more distant (like a hole in the plane).
If the virtual 3D objects reconstructed by the autostereogram viewer's brain were real objects, a second viewer observing the scene from the side would see these objects floating in the air above the background image.
The 3D effects in the example autostereogram are created by repeating the tiger rider icons every 140 pixels on the background plane, the shark rider icons every 130 pixels on the second plane, and the tiger icons every 120 pixels on the highest plane.
The brain is capable of almost instantly matching hundreds of patterns repeated at different intervals in order to recreate correct depth information for each pattern.
Yet, despite the apparent chaotic arrangement of patterns, the brain is able to place every tiger icon at its proper depth.
Autostereograms where patterns in a particular row are repeated horizontally with the same spacing can be read either cross-eyed or wall-eyed.
In such autostereograms, both types of reading will produce similar depth interpretation, with the exception that the cross-eyed reading reverses the depth (images that once popped out are now pushed in).
Starting with a background plane where icons are spaced at 140 pixels, one can raise a particular icon by shifting it a certain number of pixels to the left.
For instance, the middle plane is created by shifting an icon 10 pixels to the left, effectively creating a spacing consisting of 130 pixels.
A depth map is simply a grayscale image which represents the distance between a pixel and its left counterpart using a grayscale value between black and white.
Using this convention, a grayscale depth map for the example autostereogram can be created with black, gray and white representing shifts of 0 pixels, 10 pixels and 20 pixels, respectively as shown in the greyscale example autostereogram.
Conceptually, at every pixel in the output image, the program looks up the grayscale value of the equivalent pixel in the depth map image, and uses this value to determine the amount of horizontal shift required for the pixel.
One way to accomplish this is to make the program scan every line in the output image pixel-by-pixel from left to right.
It uses this repeat interval to look up the color of the counterpart pixel to the left and uses its color as the new pixel's own color.
Unlike the simple depth planes created by simple wallpaper autostereograms, subtle changes in spacing specified by the depth map can create the illusion of smooth gradients in distance.
In practice, the total number of depth planes is determined by the number of pixels used for the width of the pattern image.
The fine-tuned gradient requires a pattern image more complex than standard repeating-pattern wallpaper, so typically a pattern consisting of repeated random dots is used.
Smooth gradients can also be achieved with an intelligible pattern, assuming that the pattern is complex enough and does not have big, horizontal, monotonic patches.
A big area painted with monotonic color without change in hue and brightness does not lend itself to pixel shifting, as the result of the horizontal shift is identical to the original patch.
The following depth map of a shark with smooth gradient produces a perfectly readable autostereogram, even though the 2D image contains small monotonic areas; the brain is able to recognize these small gaps and fill in the blanks (illusory contours).
While intelligible, repeated patterns are used instead of random dots, this type of autostereogram is still known by many as a Random Dot Autostereogram, because it is created using the same process.
When a series of autostereograms are shown one after another, in the same way moving pictures are shown, the brain perceives an animated autostereogram.
If all autostereograms in the animation are produced using the same background pattern, it is often possible to see faint outlines of parts of the moving 3D object in the 2D autostereogram image without wall-eyed viewing; the constantly shifting pixels of the moving object can be clearly distinguished from the static background plane.
When a regular repeating pattern is viewed on a CRT monitor as if it were a wallpaper autostereogram, it is usually possible to see depth ripples.
These are caused by the sideways shifts in the image due to small changes in the deflection sensitivity (linearity) of the line scan, which then become interpreted as depth.
This effect is especially apparent at the left hand edge of the screen where the scan speed is still settling after the flyback phase.
While some people may quickly see the 3D image in an autostereogram with little effort, others must learn to train their eyes to decouple eye convergence from lens focusing.
Because autostereograms are constructed based on stereo vision, persons with a variety of visual impairments, even those affecting only one eye, are unable to see the three-dimensional images.
Children with poor or dysfunctional eyesight during a critical period in childhood may grow up stereoblind, as their brains are not stimulated by stereo images during the critical period.
If such a vision problem is not corrected in early childhood, the damage becomes permanent and the adult will never be able to see autostereograms.
Binocular vision allows the brain to create a single Cyclopean image and to attach a depth level to each point in it.
The depth level of each point in the combined image can be represented by a grayscale pixel on a 2D image, for the benefit of the reader.
Thus, the way the brain perceives depth using binocular vision can be captured by a depth map (Cyclopean image) painted based on coordinate shift.
As with any camera except pinhole cameras, it needs to focus light rays entering through the iris (aperture in a camera) so that they focus on a single point on the retina in order to produce a sharp image.
It is the convergence angle that gives the brain the absolute reference depth value for the point of convergence from which absolute depths of all other objects can be inferred.
That is, when looking at a faraway object, the brain automatically flattens the lenses and rotates the two eyeballs for wall-eyed viewing.
This decoupling has no useful purpose in everyday life, because it prevents the brain from interpreting objects in a coherent manner.
To see a man-made picture such as an autostereogram where patterns are repeated horizontally, however, decoupling of focusing from convergence is crucial.
By focusing the lenses on a nearby autostereogram where patterns are repeated and by converging the eyeballs at a distant point behind the autostereogram image, one can trick the brain into seeing 3D images.
If the patterns received by the two eyes are similar enough, the brain will consider these two patterns a match and treat them as coming from the same imaginary object.
Because the two eyeballs converge on a plane farther away, the perceived location of the imaginary object is behind the autostereogram.
When the autostereogram is correctly interpreted by the brain using wall-eyed viewing, and one stares at the dolphin in the middle of the visual field, the brain should see two sets of flickering lines, as a result of binocular rivalry.
The leftmost pattern and the rightmost pattern by themselves have no partner, but the brain tries to assimilate these two patterns onto the established depth plane of adjacent dolphins despite binocular rivalry.
As a result, there are seven apparent dolphins, with the leftmost and the rightmost ones appearing with a slight flicker, not dissimilar to the two sets of flickering lines observed when one stares at the 4th apparent dolphin.
Because of foreshortening, the difference in convergence needed to see repeated patterns on different planes causes the brain to attribute different sizes to patterns with identical 2D sizes.
In the autostereogram of three rows of cubes, while all cubes have the same physical 2D dimensions, the ones on the top row appear bigger, because they are perceived as farther away than the cubes on the second and third rows.
If one has two eyes, fairly healthy eyesight, and no neurological conditions which prevent the perception of depth, then one is capable of learning to see the images within autostereograms.
As with a photographic camera, it is easier to make the eye focus on an object when there is intense ambient light.
Thus it may help to concentrate on converging/diverging the two eyes to shift images that reach the two eyes, instead of trying to see a clear, focused image.
Eventually the brain will successfully match a pair of patterns reported by the two eyes and lock onto this particular degree of convergence.
Once this is done, the images around the matched patterns quickly become clear as the brain matches additional patterns using roughly the same degree of convergence.
When one moves one's attention from one depth plane to another (for instance, from the top row of the chessboard to the bottom row), the two eyes need to adjust their convergence to match the new repeating interval of patterns.
If the level of change in convergence is too high during this shift, sometimes the brain can lose the hard-earned decoupling between focusing and convergence.
For a first-time viewer, therefore, it may be easier to see the autostereogram, if the two eyes rehearse the convergence exercise on an autostereogram where the depth of patterns across a particular row remains constant.
In a random dot autostereogram, the 3D image is usually shown in the middle of the autostereogram against a background depth plane (see the shark autostereogram).
It may help to establish proper convergence first by staring at either the top or the bottom of the autostereogram, where patterns are usually repeated at a constant interval.
Once the brain locks onto the background depth plane, it has a reference convergence degree from which it can then match patterns at different depth levels in the middle of the image.
One way to help the brain concentrate on divergence instead of focusing is to hold the picture in front of the face, with the nose touching the picture.
If one slowly pulls back the picture away from the face, while refraining from focusing or rotating eyes, at some point the brain will lock onto a pair of patterns when the distance between them matches the current convergence degree of the two eyeballs.
Another way is to stare at an object behind the picture in an attempt to establish proper divergence, while keeping part of the eyesight fixed on the picture to convince the brain to focus on the picture.
A modified method has the viewer focus on their reflection on a reflective surface of the picture, which the brain perceives as being located twice as far away as the picture itself.
The viewer may hold one finger between their eyes and move it slowly towards the picture, maintaining focus on the finger at all times, until they are correctly focused on the spot that will allow them to view the illusion.
Stereoblindness, however, is not known to permit the usages of any of these techniques, especially for persons in whom it may be, or is, permanent.
The Bloomsbury Theatre is a theatre on Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden, owned by University College London.
The Theatre has a seating capacity of 547 and offers a professional programme of innovative music, drama, comedy and dance all year round.
Funded by a UGC grant and a considerable private donation, the theatre was opened in 1968 as the Collegiate Theatre, and was renamed the Bloomsbury Theatre in 1982.
Between 2001 and 2008, the theatre was known as The UCL Bloomsbury, to emphasise links with UCL, who use it for student productions 12 weeks a year.
The Bloomsbury Theatre recently returned to the logo designed by cartoonist Gerald Scarfe which it had used for nearly twenty years until 2001.
The theatre building also provides access to the UCL Union Fitness Centre and Clubs and Societies Centre on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors.
Amongst the many other artists who have performed at the theatre are; UCL alumnus Ricky Gervais has performed two of his standup shows in the theatre, where they were also filmed for release on DVD and was the venue for Crusader Norman Housley come-back lecture series: Contesting the Crusades, which he developed into a popular history book.
The immediate area was sparsely populated until a naval base was constructed during World War II, though Garelochhead was already a thriving village served by Clyde steamers and a railway station.
The Tennen Rishin ryu is a traditional swordsmanship school, codified during the Kansei Era (1789–1801) by Kondō Kuranosuke Nagahiro (or Nagamichi).
There is limited information in regards to him: he came from Tōtōmi Province (today's western Shizuoka Prefecture), but we do not know when he was born.
Even though he would have most likely been appointed as a teacher of this style, he left the Shintō-ryū aiming to create a new sword based combat system.
In fact, during those years the Japanese swordsmanship gradually evolved from the rigid katageiko (form practice performed with either bokutō or with dull-edged swords called habiki) towards a free practice called shinaigeiko (also known as gekiken).
This kind of training allowed two practitioners to spar without the risk of severe injury thanks to bamboo swords (shinai) and armors protecting the head (men), the arm (kote), and the torso (dō).
Kuranosuke organized all his martial arts knowledge into a new system of teaching and transmission; for this reason, even if codified during the Edo period, Tennen Rishin Ryū could be listed among new schools called shin ryūha.
He created his own school by synthesizing an actual sword fight every occasion, sticking to a fencing style whose last goal was to obtain full victory without losing composure in front of an enemy.
While he was establishing a dōjō in Yagenbori he most likely went to teach in the Sagami area (today's Kanagawa Prefecture) and Tama area (western part of Tōkyō).
Since Tama was the birthplace of 2nd generation (Kondō Sansuke), 3rd generation (Kondō Shūsuke) and 4th generation (Kondō Isami) headmasters, there is little doubt that this actually happened.
The Shinsengumi ceased to exist after the 2nd year of Meiji (1869), with the end of the Boshin War and the collapse of Bakufu.
It is commonly believed that the Boshin War marked the end of Tennen Rishin Ryū since Kondō Isami was sentenced to death and beheaded in Itabashi, Okita Sōji died of tuberculosis, and both Inoue Genzaburō and Hijikata Toshizō died in battle (the first one at Toba-fushimi and the latter in the battle of Goryōkaku).
The boy was supposed to marry Tama, Kondō's daughter (born in 1862) from a wedding with Matsui Tsune once the girl reached the age to be wed.
Even though he did not probably receive any teaching from Kondō, Yūgorō was already practicing Tennen Rishin Ryū with his real father.
Miyagwa Otogorō was a pupil of Tennen Rishin Ryū as well, since he joined the school together with his younger brother Katsugorō (the latter Kondō Isami).
He probably studied with Harada Kamezō (son of Harada Chūji, a disciple of Kondō Shūsuke), despite another theory claiming that he was to become a pupil of Matsuzaki Watagorō (eldest son of Matsuzaki Shōsaku, student of the nidaime Sansuke).
The bloodline of Kondō Isamu ceased to exist when Hisatarō died in the Russo-Japanese war of 1905 at the age of twenty-two.
Kondō Yūgorō eventually divorced from his new wife because she had a bad relationship with Matsui Tsune, the wife of Kondō Isamu and mother of Yūgorō’s wife Tama.
At the beginning of Shōwa period he was interviewed by Shimozawa Kan (1892–1968), a writer whose Shinsengumi related books would go to inspire an entire literature genre in regards to the swordsmen corps.
The best disciple of Kondō Yūgorō, Sakurai Kinpachi, inherited the title of 6th generation headmaster when his teacher was still alive.
Afterwards, the Kondō line was left without guidance for several years until a new pupil, named Katō Isuke (student of Yūgorō and Shinkichi), returned from the war to claim the position of headmaster.
L. M. Kit Carson died in his sleep of pneumonia on October 20, 2014 in his native Dallas, Texas, aged 73.
Star Trek is the code name that was given to a secret prototype project, running a port of Mac OS 7 and its applications on Intel-compatible x86 personal computers.
The project, starting in February 1992, was conceived in collaboration between Apple Computer, who provided the majority of engineers, and Novell, who at the time was one of the leaders of cross-platform file-servers.
The plan was that Novell would market the resulting OS as a challenge to Microsoft Windows, but the project was discontinued in 1993 and never released, although components were reused in other projects.
The impetus for the creation of the Star Trek project began out of Novell's desire to increase its competition against the monopoly of Microsoft and its DOS-based Windows products.
Novell's first idea to extend its desktop presence with a graphical computing environment was to adapt Digital Research's GEM desktop environment, but Novell's legal department rejected this due to apprehension of a possible legal response from Apple, so the company went directly to Apple.
With shared concerns in the anti-competitive marketplace, Intel's CEO Andy Grove supported the two companies in launching their joint project Star Trek on February 14, 1992 (Valentine's Day).
Apple set a deadline of October 31, 1992 (Halloween Day), promising the engineering team members a performance bonus of a large cash award and a vacation in Cancun, Mexico.
Achieving their deadline goal and receiving their bonuses, the developers eventually reached a point where they could boot an Intel 486 PC (with very specific hardware) into System 7.1, and its on-screen appearance was indistinguishable from a Mac.
However, the project was canceled in mid-1993 because of political infighting, personnel issues, and the questionable marketability of such a project.
Apple's side of the project had seen the exit of a supportive CEO, John Sculley, in favor of a new CEO, Michael Spindler.
Spindler was not interested in the project, instead reallocating most software engineering resources toward the company's total migration to the competing PowerPC architecture.
Star Trek was designed as a hybrid of Apple's Macintosh operating system, made to run as an operating system GUI shell application upon Novell's next in-development version of the DR DOS operating system.
It was designed so that a user could think of it as a standalone application platform and general computing environment, in a concept similar to Microsoft's competing Windows 3.1x, running on top of DOS.
This was a radical and tedious departure both technologically and culturally, because at that time, Mac OS had only ever officially run on Apple's own computers, which were all based on the Motorola 68000 architecture.
For maximum speed at minimum resource footprint, the DR DOS BIOS, BDOS kernel, device drivers, memory managers and the multitasker were written in pure x86 assembly language.
Apple's port of System 7.1 would run on top of this high-performance yet light-weight hybrid 32-bit/16-bit protected mode multitasking environment as a graphical system and shell in user space.
Though the joint effort had been canceled, Novell published the long-awaited DR DOS 7.0 as Novell DOS 7 (BDOS 7.2) in 1994.
Instead, TASKMGR provides a text mode interface to the underlying multitasker in EMM386, but the system also provides an API to allow third-party GUIs to take control.
Microsoft Windows, ViewMAX 2 and 3, and PC/GEOS / NewDeal are known to utilize this interface, when run on Novell DOS 7 (or its successors OpenDOS 7.01 or DR-DOS 7.02 and higher), and Star Trek would have been yet another one.
Apple reused some of the platform abstraction technology developed for Star Trek, incorporating it into the concurrently developedand which some consider competingmigration to the PowerPC architecture.
This abstraction technology includes the capability of loading the Mac OS ROM data from a file instead of from a ROM chip.
Apple's first and quickly aborted concept of porting its flagship operating system to Intel systems was in 1985, following the exit of Steve Jobs.
It was also accomplished in the form of the Macintosh Application Environment (MAE), which was the functional equivalent of Star Trek plus an embedded 68k emulator (as was the case with System 7 for Power Macintosh), running as an application for Solaris and HP/UX.
Although a direct x86 port of the classic Mac OS was never released to the public, determined users could make Apple's retail OS run upon non-Mac computers through emulation.
The development of these emulation environments was said to have been inspired by the initiative shown in the Star Trek project.
Two of the more popular 68k Macintosh emulators are vMac and Basilisk II, and a PowerPC Macintosh emulator is SheepShaver; each are written by third parties.
Ten years after Project Star Trek, it became possible to natively run Darwin, the Unix-based core of Mac OS X, on the x86 platform by virtue of its NeXTstep foundation.
It was not included with Darwin, which depended on other window managers running on X11 for graphical interfaces, and thus most commercial Mac OS applications cannot run natively on Darwin alone.
This project was to retain OPENSTEP's x86 port, keeping Mac OS X and all supporting applications (including iLife and Xcode) running on the x86 architecture as well as that of the PowerPC.
Marklar was publicly revealed by Apple's CEO Steve Jobs in June 2005 when he announced the Macintosh transition to Intel processors starting in 2006.
Comparing and contrasting with Apple's efforts, IBM had long since attempted a different strategy to provide the same essential goal of innovating a new software platform upon commodity hardware, while nondestructively preserving existing legacy installations of MS-DOS heritage.
However, its strategy was based upon its OS/2 operating system, which had long since achieved seamless backward compatibility with MS-DOS applications.
In 1992, roughly coinciding with the timeframe of the Star Trek project, IBM devised a new and fundamentally integral subsystem for backward compatibility with Windows 3.0 and Windows 3.1 applications.
Although conceived through different legacy business requirements and cultures, Win-OS/2 was designed with similar software engineering objectives and virtualization techniques as was Star Trek.
Apple and IBM have attempted several proprietary cross-platform collaborations, including the unreleased port of QuickTime to OS/2, the significant traction of the OpenDoc software framework, the AIM alliance, Kaleida Labs, and Taligent.
A corporation formerly known as ARDI developed a product called Executor, which can run a compatible selection of 68k Macintosh applications, and is hosted upon either the DOS or Linux operating systems on an Intel CPU.
Executor is a cleanroom reimplementation of the Macintosh Toolbox and versions 6 and 7 of the operating system, and an integrated 68k CPU emulator called Syn68k.
Liken from Andataco, for Sun and HP workstations, emulates the Macintosh hardware environment including the 68k CPU, upon which the user must install System 6.0.7.
Quorum Software Systems made two apps targeting UNIX workstations: Equal provides binary compatibility by emulating the Mac APIs and 68k CPU, to put each precertified Mac app into its own X window, on Sun and SGI workstations; Latitude provides a source code porting layer with a Display Postscript driver.
In 2015, he pleaded guilty to a bribery scheme and was sentenced to 2 to 6 years in prison plus a $500,000 forfeiture.
Hussam Muhammad Bilal Abdo (Arabic: حسام محمد بلال عبده; born 24 February 1990) is a Palestinian from the Masahiya area of Nablus, who, as a teenager, made international headlines on 24 March 2004, when he entered the Hawara Checkpoint in the West Bank, with eight kilos (18 lbs) of explosives strapped to his body as part of a suicide attack attempt.
Abdo, then reportedly aged 16, approached the checkpoint running towards the soldiers, wearing 8 Kilograms (18 lbs) of explosives on a vest with the activation switch in his hands.
When the Israeli soldiers noticed something suspicious about the boy, they directed their weapons at him and he became startled and raised his arms without detonating the belt.
After all the people were ordered to safety, a specialized Bomb disposal robot was sent to him with a pair of scissors, so that he could cut off the explosives, all the while telling soldiers that he did not want to die.
He was then searched for more bombs but none were found and the bomb taken from Abdo's vest was later exploded at a safe area.
Media reported that Abdo said he was offered 100 NIS and promised sex with the promised virgins and Israeli security forces added that in the inquiry it was found that Abdo was unpopular among his fellow students and that his friends would mock him.
Fatah's military wing of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades from the Balata refugee camp in Nablus took responsibility for the sending of the boy.
In July 2004, the BBC was allowed an interview with Abdo in an Israeli jail in which he detailed the trail of mission.
Abdo was then taken to Wael, a 21-year-old member of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades who took him to a third militant who put the bomb belt on the boy and both took pictures of him.
Abdo described his feelings towards the people who sent him as 'normal' and noted that one of them is also in prison and that they are friends.
When asked about the reasons for the attack, Abdo stated it was because his friend was killed and also because he desired to be relieved of school.
Abdo's uncle Khalil said that if he found out who sent his nephew out as a suicide bomber, he'd gladly kill the dispatcher himself.
Husam was interviewed by Pierre Rehov for making of his documentary Suicide Killers where Rehov studies the psychopathology behind Muslim terrorism, and why some Muslim parents are willing to offer their children as martyrs.
According to Shafiq Masalha, a clinical psychologist who teaches at Tel Aviv University's education program, 15% of Palestinian children dream of becoming suicide bombers.
As a result, he has been featured sporadically in Claremont scripted comic books at both Marvel and DC Comics as a sympathetic journalist over the years.
The Kai Islands (also Kei Islands) of Indonesia are a group of islands in the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands, located in the province of Maluku.
The Moluccas have been known as the Spice Islands due to regionally specific plants such as nutmeg, mace, and cloves that originally intrigued the European nations of the 16th century.
A second influx of Austronesian immigrants began in the early 20th century under the Dutch and continued in the Indonesian era.
Though geographically in the Kai Islands, the city of Tual forms a regency-level administration and is not in the Southeast Maluku Regency.
The Kai Islands are a part of the Wallacea, the group of Indonesian islands that are separated by deep water from both the Asian and Australian continental shelves, and were never linked to either continent.
As a result, the Kai Islands have few native mammals and are a part of the Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests ecoregion.
The indigenous inhabitants call the islands Nuhu Evav (Evav Islands) or Tanat Evav (Evav Land), but they are known as Kai to people from neighboring islands.
The islands are on the edge of the Banda Sea, south of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea, west of the Aru Islands, and northeast of the Tanimbar Islands.
The Kai Islands' total land area is and had a population of 154,524 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) was 172,126.
The Kai Islands reside in a topical zone in close proximity to the equator, leading to an average temperature of , and an average low of .
Local history holds that ancestors of contemporary Kai islanders came from Bali, part of the expanding Majapahit kingdom from the western archipelago.
The village of Ohoi-Ewur (first Raja Ewab: Raja Ohoi-Ewur = Raja Tabtut) on Kai Kecil or Nuhuroa island was the arrival point for the Balinese royal family and their army.
Evidence for these stories include an inheritance and a harbor named 'Bal Sorbay' (Bali Surabaya) on Kai Kecil which is, presumably, the harbor at which the royals arrived.
It is recognized by Kai islanders that some of their ancestors came from other places such as Sumbawa island (Sumbau), Buton (Vutun) in Sulawesi, Seram (Seran) and Gorom (Ngoran) islands in the Central Moluccas, and the sultanates of Jailolo (Dalo) and Ternate (Ternat) as well.
The tiny island of Tanimbarkei is not part of Tanimbar, as the name might suggest, but is one of the Kai Islands.
After the 1999 clashes between the Muslim and Christian populations in Ambon, similar inter-communal clashes swept through Kai but quickly calmed down.
All of the islands depend on 22 ratshcaap, or traditional local leaders called Rat or Raja, as kings of customary law.
Three Austronesian languages are spoken on the Kai Islands; Keiese is the most widely spoken, in 207 villages on Kai Kecil, Kai Besar, and surrounding islands.
Bandanese is spoken in the villages of Banda-Eli (Wadan El) and Banda-Elat (Wadan Elat) on the west and northeastern side of Kai Besar.
The predominant religion in the Kai Islands is Christianity, where unlike like much of the surrounding area there are more Catholics than Protestants.
A primary minority in the region consists of non-native Muslims, who generally follow a milder form of Islam where the women are rarely veiled.
Half of the people who live on the small island of Tanimbarkei practice a variant of the Hindu religion, which involves a form of ancestor worship.
Their story of creation is an earth-diver myth that involves sending a dog down to the earth, who brings up his sandy paws.
While fishing one day, Parpara, the youngest of the brothers, lost a fish-hook which he had borrowed from Hian, his oldest brother.
After much fruitless search, the Parpara met a fish who asked him what his trouble was, and who, on learning the facts, promised to aid in the search.
The object proved to be the long-lost hook, which the friendly fish delivered to Parpara, who thus was able to restore it to its owner.Parpara, however, determined to have his revenge upon his brother, and so he secretly fastened a bamboo vessel full of palm liquor above Hian's bed in such a way that when the latter rose, he would be almost certain to upset it.
Sliding down the rope, the three brothers and one of the sisters, together with their four dogs, safely reached the world which lay below, and which was thus discovered for the first time.
As the second sister was descending, however, one of the brothers chanced to look up, at which his sister was so ashamed that she shook the rope and was hauled up by the other sky-people.
In this way the three brothers with their sister were the first occupants of the world and became the ancestors of the human race.
Meiti Kei is an annual natural phenomenon occurring for a few weeks, and celebrated with a festival between October 22 and 23, where the ocean recedes up to 6 km, allowing for one to walk to other islands normally separated by water.
After graduating in 1982, he went on to perform onstage across Canada, from Ottawa's National Arts Centre to Edmonton's Citadel Theatre and the Stratford Festival.
By the late 1980s, he had established himself as a seasoned veteran of Canadian theatre—a long way from Lucky Larry, his first role.
His character was stabbed at the end of season 3 and in the first episode of the fourth season it was revealed he had died.
He now lives in Fairfield, California, but commutes to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he works for the Nevada State Education Association.
He moved to San Francisco in 1993, where he became involved in local politics through an advocacy group for homeless people called Mission Agenda.
Daly is married to Sarah Low Daly, whom he met at the World Youth Festival in Havana, Cuba; they have two children.
He sponsored legislation to help low-income tenants of Single Room Occupancy (SRO) residential hotels, many of whom were located in his district.
Daly also received unanimous support for a plan to demolish and rebuild an apartment complex at Trinity Plaza in exchange for 590 affordable units.
This was the first time in California history that a housing developer voluntarily allowed new construction to be covered by rent control.
Critics of Daly's housing policies point to his attempt to ban tenancy-in-common apartment conversions, which they believe allow middle-income people to buy property in San Francisco.
In June 2006, Daly sponsored the Eviction Disclosure Ordinance, which required real estate agents to inform buyers whether a tenant was evicted from a property they wish to purchase.
In March 2007, Daly, chairman of the Budget and Finance Committee, introduced a proposal that would appropriate $28 million for affordable housing.
Eight members of the Board of Supervisors passed the affordable housing measure, but Mayor Gavin Newsom refused to spend the money.
He said that he wanted to spend time with his family and that his wife was due to give birth shortly before the mayoral election.
Daly suggested putting a charter amendment before voters in the November 2007 municipal election calling for elimination of the police chief post.
In June 2007, Daly announced that he was working with anti-war activist organizations such as Code Pink, Global Exchange and Veterans for Peace and considering introducing a proposal to ban the Blue Angels from flying during San Francisco's Fleet Week.
On June 15, 2007, Board President Aaron Peskin removed Daly as chairman of the Budget and Finance Committee shortly before it was to finalize the $6.06 billion budget proposed by Mayor Gavin Newsom.
Daly, along with Aaron Peskin, was instrumental in the canceling of the San Francisco Grand Prix, a world-class bicycle race held from 2001 to 2005, because of disagreements over the amount to be paid for traffic and crowd control and because the race's backers owed the city $89,924.
In 2001 Mayor Willie Brown, who supported the race, allowed its organizers to incur a $350,000 debt and later ordered city officials to forgive that debt.
The race, which was organized as a 1.HC event and in 2005 was part of the UCI America Tour attracted hundreds of thousands of spectators as well as world-class athletes such as seven-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong, and was regarded as one of the country's most challenging, particularly for its famously difficult 18% grade Fillmore and Taylor street climbs.
A 2005 study commissioned by the San Francisco Convention & Visitors Bureau found the Labor Day weekend race generated $10.2 million for city businesses that year.
Daly's resolution was covered extensively by the local media and elevated the issues of treatment of protests in relation to the Olympics being held in China, the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay and the torch ceremonies being held in San Francisco, the only North American stop.
The torch relay will be the first time in Olympics history that protests will accompany the torch as it passes through a U.S. city.
On October 22, 2003, during his one-day shift as Acting Mayor, while Mayor Willie Brown traveled to Tibet, Daly appointed two members to the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission without Brown's consent, having consulted with the City Attorney who had advised him that as acting mayor he had the legal authority to make appointments in Mayor Brown's absence.
Nonetheless, the City Attorney stood behind its legal opinion and environmentalist and former Sierra Club president Adam Werbach was later sworn in.
The second appointee, architect Robin Chiang, was rescinded because Brown had already made one appointment, Andrew Lee, son of one of Brown's fund-raiser Julie Lee, who was convicted of mail fraud and witness tampering on July 12, 2008.
The custom of assigning the acting mayor position to supervisors on a round-robin basis was discontinued as a result of Daly's appointments.
In 2002, Daly was arrested after a confrontation with police over a land use dispute concerning Hastings Law School, and reportedly told the arresting officer that he would have him fired; no charges were filed.
On June 19, 2007, during a Board of Supervisors meeting, Daly suggested that Mayor Gavin Newsom uses cocaine and is a hypocrite for proposing public health cuts for substance abuse treatment for the poor.
Normally at Board of Supervisors hearings, speakers have 2–3 minutes to speak, but time is limited by the discretion of the chair often to shorter periods of time, especially if there are a large number of speakers.
This was the second time the item had been heard in committee, and Chris Daly chose to limit public comment to one minute, so that another item regarding black flight from the City could be heard at that same hearing.
On April 21, 2009, at a Democratic Party fundraising lunch, members of the Building and Construction Trades Council called on Party Chairman Aaron Peskin and Daly to resign over their support for the voter-approved Historic Preservation Commission.
He stated that although it would be impossible for Lennar (the project's Miami-based developer) to meet this expanded affordability requirement, that nevertheless shouldn't be a concern.
A galaxy is named after him, Malin 1, which he discovered in 1986 and which is the largest spiral galaxy so far discovered.
In 1975 he moved to Sydney to take up a job with the Anglo-Australian Observatory (AAO), now the Australian Astronomical Observatory.
Whilst working at the AAO, Malin developed several photographic processing techniques to maximise the ability to extract faint and low contrast detail from the non-linear response and high densities of photographic plates.
These techniques were initially devised to enhance the scientific return from photography, but Malin is now best known for the series of three-colour wide field images of deep space objects which have been widely published as posters and in books around the world.
During his career at the AAO, Malin made about 150 three-colour images of deep sky objects, mostly using plates taken with the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the UK Schmidt Telescope.
Each photographic plate is a special black and white emulsion designed for low light conditions and is further enhanced for low light sensitivity by baking in a nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere.
The colour image is re-assembled in the darkroom, where further techniques such as unsharp masking to enhance fine detail might also be applied.
In 1986 he discovered Malin 1, a giant spiral galaxy located away in the constellation Coma Berenices, near the North Galactic Pole.
Since the early 1990s, silver-based astrophotography has been largely superseded by digital sensors, but many of the technical advances Malin introduced to the field have been carried over to processing astrophotography on computers.
In 2001 he retired from the AAO to concentrate on his own business, David Malin Images, which manages his image collection along with those of related photographers.
He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as Hugh Morrus and World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E) under his real name.
He was most recently the head trainer for WWE's developmental system NXT until his resignation in 2015 following allegations of misconduct, which he denied.
Generally used as a jobber to the stars in WCW, he attained championship success during the promotion's dying days in late 2000 and early 2001, holding the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship twice.
Under this name he found some success, first capturing the AWF Heavyweight title from Steve Strong in Puerto Rico, before moving on to the Japanese promotion W*ING and winning their World Tag Team Championship with Mr. Pogo.
When DeMott returned to the United States, he wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling for a short time under his Crash the Terminator name.
On February 21, 1994 DeMott received a tryout match with the World Wrestling Federation at a Monday Night Raw taping at Poughkeepsie, NY.
Crash's final ECW appearance came on May 13, 1994, in a TV victory against AJ Powers, which aired on June 7.
In 1995, DeMott was signed to a World Championship Wrestling (WCW) contract at the behest of Kevin Sullivan who had been impressed by him.
He debuted in dark matches as The Man of Question and The Laughing Man, a strange gimmick that saw him wearing a singlet covered in question marks and laughing frequently.
Although the Family found success and received a push following a victory over their rivals The Revolution, the stable was suddenly disbanded.
He returned in early 2000, utilizing the same name and ring attire, but squashing a number of wrestlers as an angrier version of himself.
The angry Morrus gimmick came to a halt when Vince Russo and Eric Bischoff took over and aimed to take WCW in a new direction.
After getting on Russo's bad side (in kayfabe), Morrus was fired from his New Blood stable along with a number of other wrestlers.
These ex-New Blood members (including Chavo Guerrero, Jr. and Booker T) formed the comedic Misfits In Action stable, which saw its members adopt both military-themed names and attires.
As the stable's leader, Morrus re-christened himself General Hugh G. Rection, and led the group in a feud against The Filthy Animals.
Upon the introduction of the heel Team Canada, the Misfits In Action immediately began feuding with Team Canada, based over the patriotism both stables had for their respective countries.
Following the title loss, the Misfits disbanded when Rection announced that they were honorably discharged, which led to Rection reverting to his Hugh Morrus name while the now former Misfits briefly feuded amongst each other.
DeMott would then resume his pursuit of the United States Heavyweight Title until the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) bought out WCW.
When WCW was purchased by the WWF, DeMott signed a deal with the WWF and became part of The Invasion angle under his Hugh Morrus ring name as a member of The Alliance.
In the September 29 episode of WWE Metal, Morrus made his first appearance at the show, where he takes on Billy Gunn, in a losing effort.
When The Invasion ended at Survivor Series following Team Alliance's loss to Team WWF, Morrus was kayfabe fired by Vince McMahon.
During his time in the HWA, he teamed with Raven to defeat Lance Cade and Steve Bradley to win the Tag Team Champions on March 12, 2002, which they lost only three days later.
DeMott also worked as a booker for DSW, although his direction in the promotion received criticism, most notably by former WWE developmental wrestler Kenny Omega, who soon requested to be released from his developmental contract due to poor treatment.
DeMott was released from his WWE contract on January 19, 2007, with Tom Prichard taking his place as DSW's head trainer.
In March 2015, Devon Nicholson described an incident from 2006 that DeMott was involved with while he was head trainer for the WWE's Deep South Wrestling developmental territory.
Nicholson described an incident where Drew Hankinson was completely naked in the ring for a long period of time and gave naked stinkfaces to Zack Ryder and Melissa Coates while DeMott held jelly donuts over their faces.
The wrestlers agreed to do this (with the other talent encouraging them) to get out of regular training for that day.
DeMott refuted the notion that it was his idea, stating that the other trainees came up with because they wanted to skip the session.
After parting ways with WWE, DeMott competed for several independent promotions, including the Carolina Wrestling Association and the United Wrestling Federation.
In addition to wrestling, he also began operating his own wrestling school called New Energy Wrestling School from 2009 to 2010 in McDonough, Georgia, while also running a brief series of wrestling events in Locust Grove, Georgia.
After FCW was rebranded into NXT, DeMott retained his position as the head trainer, and continued in that role when the WWE Performance Center was opened in 2013.
DeMott resigned from the company on March 6, 2015 following widespread accusations of misconduct and abuse by a number of ex-trainees (see below), allegations which DeMott denied.
Several former FCW, DSW, and NXT employees previously working within or with the WWE developmental system made public allegations of misconduct by DeMott during his time as trainer, including accusing DeMott of making trainees perform dangerous drills, physically assaulting and bullying trainees, using homophobic and racial slurs amongst other derogatory terms, letting trainees train while naked, and condoning sexual harassment.
These allegations were made by Kevin Matthews, Mike Bucci and Devon Nicholson in 2012, Chad Baxter and Chase Donovan in 2013, Curt Hawkins in 2014, as well as several wrestlers including Judas Devlin, Briley Pierce, Brandon Traven, Derrick Bateman and independent wrestler Terra Calaway from late February to March 2015.
Devlin and Traven claimed to have submitted complaints to WWE management about DeMott in March 2013 when they were still employed with WWE, but only publicized the complaints in 2015.
WWE released statements regarding some of the claims that came to light in 2013 and 2015, claiming that investigations were done and no wrongdoing was found.
Pierce questioned the thoroughness of the investigations, stating that WWE did not question him despite him allegedly being one of the claimed victims.
They had two daughters: Casey, who was born two months premature on July 7, 1993, and Keri, who was born on January 9, 1995 and died in a car accident in Orlando, Florida on October 10, 2015.
Brahms intended the work to be more than simply a set of theme and variations; each variation also has the characteristic of a study.
During Reagan's two terms in office, he served as White House Chief of Staff (1988–1989), as well as both the Assistant and the Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs (1981–83).
Duberstein is said to be the first Jewish-American appointed as White House Chief of Staff (although Hamilton Jordan's maternal grandmother was Jewish).
He returned to the private sector between his various White House assignments as Vice President of lobbying firm Timmons & Company.
His earlier government service included Deputy Under Secretary of Labor during the Ford Administration and Director of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs at the U.S. General Services Administration.
Among the boards of directors on which Duberstein serves are: The Boeing Company, ConocoPhillips, the Fleming Companies, Inc., and The St. Paul Companies, Inc.
He also is on the Board of Governors for the American Stock Exchange and NASD, and has served on the Board of Directors of Fannie Mae.
He is chairman of the Ethics Committee for the U.S. Olympic Committee and served as vice chairman of the independent Special Bid Oversight Reform Commission for the U.S. Olympics Committee.
In an interview with CNN's Fareed Zakaria aired November 2, 2008, Duberstein announced his support of Democratic candidate Barack Obama for president.
This came after he was rebuffed by Sen. John McCain, the GOP nominee, for the position of director of his presidential transition, according to ABC News.
The Tanimbar Islands, also called Timur Laut, are a group of about 65 islands in the Maluku province of Indonesia, including Fordata, Larat, Maru, Molu, Nuswotar, Selaru, Selu, Seira, Wotap, Wuliaru and Yamdena.
The Regency covers a land area of 4,465.79 sq.km, and it had a population of 105,341 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as of January 2014) was 117,341.
The population was 105, 341 at the 2010 Census, of whom about 94% are Christian, and the remainder Muslim or other.
The tiny island of Tanimbarkei is not part of Tanimbar, but of the Kai Islands and inhabited by less than 1000 very traditional people.
During World War II the Dutch sent a detachment of thirteen men to the town of Saumlaki in the Tanimbar Islands in July 1942.
On 31 July an Australian contingent arriving at the jetty at Saumlaki in order to support the Dutch garrison - and unaware that the town had fallen to the Japanese - was fired on from the shore, and the commander on board was killed.
Recently, the Japanese oil and gas corporation, Inpex intended to develop the Masela Block Project with billions of tonnes of natural gas produced.
He negotiated the Oslo Accords with Israel and remained chief negotiator from 1995 until May 2003, when he resigned in protest from the Palestinian government.
He completed his Ph.D. in peace and conflict studies at Bradford University, a public, plate glass university in England (in 1983).
In 1991, Erekat was deputy head of the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid Conference and the subsequent follow-up talks in Washington between 1992 and 1993.
In 1994, he was appointed the Minister for Local Government for the Palestinian National Authority and also the Chairman of the Palestinian negotiation delegation.
Erekat was also, along with Arafat and Faisal Husseini, one of the three high-ranking Palestinians who asked Ariel Sharon not to visit the Al-Aqsa Mosque in September 2000, an event which Palestinians claim sparked off the Second Intifada.
When Mahmoud Abbas was nominated to serve as Prime Minister of the Palestinian Legislative Council in early 2003, Erekat was slated to be Minister of Negotiations in the new cabinet, but he soon resigned after he was excluded from a delegation to meet Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.
Erekat was later reappointed to his post and participated in the 2007 Annapolis Conference, where he took over from Ahmed Qurei during an impasse and helped hammer out a joint declaration.
After the incident was over, however, and the Palestinian death toll was recorded at actually be between 53 and 56 casualties, mostly combatants, Erekat faced strong criticism in the US.
It was recorded from late 2002 to early 2003 and released on 1 April 2003 by record labels Virgin and Hut.
The album title's about carrying the ghosts of your relationships with you, to the point where sometimes a smell or a situation or an item of clothing they bought brings a person back.
In a way writing the songs helps me to get a lot of the nasty feelings off my chest and put them in a box, and therefore have a bit more of an objective discourse with those emotions because you've done something positive with them, you've rid yourself of them.
A Special Edition version of the album was released on 22 September 2003 worldwide, featuring a diverse selection of cover versions that the band had recorded in previous years.
Colonel Samuel Richard Tickell (19 August 1811 – 20 April 1875) was a British army officer, artist, linguist and ornithologist in India and Burma.
He was educated in England with a training at Addiscombe from 1827–29, returning at age nineteen to join the Bengal Native Infantry in 1829.
He returned to Bengal in 1843, and after his promotion to Captain in 1847 he was moved to Arakan, lower Burma.
He applied to serve as revenue surveyor in Bhagalpur in 1848 but found himself without experience and let his assistants work on surveys while he carried out administrative duties.
During his time in India, Tickell made important contributions to the country's ornithology and mammalology, with field observations and the collections of specimens.
The work showcased his excellent artistic abilities, including paintings of birds in natural habitats as well as ink vignettes showing scenes from Indian life.
The Scottish Senior Citizens Unity Party (SSCUP) - later the All-Scotland Pensioners Party - was formed on 3 February 2003, in time to contest that year's elections to the Scottish Parliament.
Swinburne was inspired to form the party after reading the UK government's plans for pensions in December 2002: he felt it was unfair that people might have to work longer in the future and consequently have less time to enjoy their retirement.
The SSCUP made an electoral pact with this party for the Scottish Parliamentary elections, whereby they did not stand candidates against each other.
Former Scottish international footballers Billy McNeill, who played for Celtic and Eric Caldow, who played for Rangers, both stood for the SSCUP in these elections.
In the 2007 Scottish Election the SSCUP lost its only seat in Holyrood, despite polling as the sixth best party and a slight increase in its vote share.
Black Isle ceased to exist once more, without having produced any new games, when Interplay sold off all of its video game assets and intellectual property in 2016.
Originally conceived as an MMO set in the world of Fallout, the project suffered a significant setback when Interplay lost all rights to use the Fallout brand.
As part of their efforts to restart the project anew, Interplay revived Black Isle Studios with two of its original team members and began a crowdfunding campaign to fund a prototype in 2012.
The campaign did not raise sufficient funds to develop a playable prototype, and communications from Interplay and Black Isle about the project had ceased completely by early 2014.
In 1846, in order to marry the adopted son of the Okita family, Okita Rintarō (1826–1883), his oldest sister Okita Mitsu became an adopted daughter of Kondo Shusuke in name.
By that time, Kondo Shusuke had already adopted Shimazaki Katsuta (the later Kondō Isami), but Hijikata Toshizō had not yet enrolled at the Tennen Rishin-ryū school.
Even though he was often commented to be honest, polite, and good-natured by those around him, he was also known to be a strict and quick-tempered teacher to his students.
Okita changed his name to Okita Sōji Fujiwara no Kaneyoshi some time before his departure with the Rōshigumi to Kyoto in March 26, 1863.
Okita and several other founding members remained behind in Mibu to form the Mibu Rōshigumi, which would later be renamed as the Shinsengumi in August 18, 1863.
He was one of the members involved in the Serizawa Kamo (one of the original commanders of the Shinsengumi) and the Uchiyama Hikojiro assassinations in 1863.
It is a popular conception by the public that his tuberculosis was first discovered when he fainted during the Ikedaya incident, mostly due to the depiction appearing in a famous work chronicling the Shinsengumi as well as a number of period dramas based upon it.
However, one should note that people rarely survived the disease longer than a year once it progressed to the point that they would collapse, and Okita did not die until four years after the affair.
While many of Shinsengumi fans believe that Yoshida Toshimaro was killed by Okita during the Ikedaya Affair (based on Shimosawa Kan and Shiba Ryōtarō's fiction), it is a historical inaccuracy.
There is no record showing that Hijikata and Okita were close; it is debatable whether Okita even got along with Hijikata.
In 1865, Okita became the captain of the first unit of the Shinsengumi and also served as a kenjutsu instructor; later that year, he was appointed by Kondo Isami to be the fifth master of the Tennen Rishin-ryu after him.
During the Boshin War, after the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in the first month of the year Keiō-4, Okita went into Matsumoto Ryōjun's hospital in Edo.
The claim that Okita died when he was 25 is based on the theory that he was born in 1844 and therefore was 25 by East Asian age reckoning when he died in 1868.
Due to the newfound interest in the Shinsengumi and Okita thanks to the drama itself, many visitors flocked to the temple to see his grave, resulting in the temple's cemetery to become restricted to the public, except for one day each year in June.
Like the other members of the Shinsengumi, fictionalized accounts of Okita's life and actions appear in novels, period dramas and anime/manga series.
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) is the European Community Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) which, together with the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, became European Law in February 2003.
The RoHS Directive set restrictions upon European manufacturers as to the material content of new electronic equipment placed on the market.
The symbol adopted by the European Council to represent waste electrical and electronic equipment comprises a crossed-out wheelie bin with or without a single black line underneath the symbol.
The directive has undergone a number of minor revisions since its inception in 2002 (Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003).
After nine years the Directive was seen as failing to achieve some of its goals, hence the legislation had been amended again.
On 20 December 2011 the European Parliament and the European Council agreed on amendments to the Directive, subject to a second-reading vote, which was taken on 19 January 2012.
To provide a transitional period of seven years to introduce the revised method of calculation, the present method is retained for the first four years from the time the amended Directive comes into force.
For the next three years, commencing with the fifth year after the amendment, the calculation of collection rates will be revised to 45% of the weight of E&E products entering the market.
Once this seven years transitional period is over, EU member states will individually select the actual collection options they wish to use.
The directive imposes the responsibility for the disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment on the manufacturers or distributors of such equipment.
The WEEE Directive obliged the then twenty-five EU member states to transpose its provisions into national law by 13 August 2004.
On 13 August 2005, one year after the deadline, all member states except for the UK had transposed at least framework regulations.
Historic WEEE implies equipment placed on the market prior to 2005 and the WEEE directive places the onus upon the owner of the equipment to make provisions for its recycling.
Where equipment was placed on the market after 2005, it is known as non-historic WEEE (denoted by a bar underneath the crossed-out wheeled bin symbol), and it is the responsibility of the producer/distributor to make provisions for its collection and recycling.
Prior to the implementation of the WEEE directive in the UK, waste electronic and electrical equipment was disposed of in the household (municipal) waste stream.
Hazardous wastes are derived (issued with a universal EU descriptor) from the European Waste Catalogue (known in the UK as the List of Wastes), which denotes wastes with a six digit number in three sets of two.
WEEE that is delivered to household waste recycling centres (HWRC), also known as designated collection facilities (DCFs), is collected by or delivered to approved authorised treatment facilities (AATFs).
Post re-processing (recycling), total volumes of each category are reported to the producer compliance scheme and the reprocessor is reimbursed accordingly.
Totals of obligated WEEE for all AATFs are collated by the environment agency on a quarterly basis and reported to the EU.
This arose where obligated WEEE was partially treated by the first AATF to receive the waste, prior to it being passed onto a second AATF for further treatment.
The management of WEEE is applied via the waste hierarchy, with particular emphasis upon reduction of waste arising, re-use of equipment and recycling (recovery) of materials: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
65, by Dmitri Shostakovich was written in the summer of 1943, and first performed on November 4 of that year by the USSR Symphony Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky, to whom the work is dedicated.
The symphony does not appear on concert programs very often, yet many recent scholars have ranked it among the composer’s finest scores.
The recapitulation sees a dissonant version of the fate motif displaced by a cor anglais solo which meanders towards a restatement of the second subject.
The movement begins with a passage for solo bassoon, and ends quietly with both pizzicato and sustaining strings; for some additional color, a solo flute joins in for the last note of the motive, at the very bottom of its range.
The pizzicato material is an inverted version of the symphony's opening fate motif, and is connected by Haas to a similar passage for soprano voice in the fifth movement of Mahler's Second.
The weight of the first and final movements of the symphony is centered on simultaneous crescendos of the snare and bass drums, while trumpets call to the pinnacle which is overlaid by woodwind trills.
A second interval is used as a motif throughout the symphony: C–B–C in the opening motif of the first movement, D–C–D in the theme of the second movement, E–F–E in the third movement (here separated by an octave), and C–D–C in the last movement.
The symphony is scored for a large orchestra which consists of 4 flutes (3rd and 4th doubling piccolos), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 B-flat clarinets, E-flat clarinet, bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, tambourine, cymbals, snare drum, triangle, xylophone, tamtam, and strings.
I am sure that it will give rise to valuable critical observations which will both inspire me to future creative work and provide insights enabling me to review that which I have created in the past.
The bleak tone, and in particular the lack of an optimistic conclusion, made it unsuitable as propaganda at home or abroad.
The symphony was criticised by Prokofiev and others at a Composers' Plenum in March 1944, and after the Zhdanov decree of 1948 it was effectively banned until eight years later.
It was introduced to the western hemisphere during World War II by CBS correspondent Bill Downs, who returned from the Moscow bureau to the United States with the score.
Largely a single-issue party, its formation was prompted by those involved in the fishing industry angry at cuts in the quantity of fish they were being allowed to catch as a result of the European Union Single Fisheries Policy.
The rationale behind its formation was that they were in the best position to represent the fishing industry as they were part of it themselves.
The party was led by George Geddes, formerly vice chairman of the Scottish White Fish Producers' Association, with the aim of securing seats in the Scottish Parliament.
The party was supported by Albert McQuarrie, the former Conservative Member of Parliament for Banff and Buchan, but he refused to stand as a candidate on the grounds of age.
There was speculation that this might result in the loss of votes for the Scottish National Party, as traditionally it has won the majority of the votes of those involved in the Scottish fishing industry.
The party was deregistered as a political party with the Electoral Commission on 23 March 2004 and is understood to be defunct.
A column of marching troops is enfiladed if fired on from the front or rear such that the projectiles travel the length of the column.
The advantages of enfilading missiles have been appreciated since antiquity, whether in pitched battles such as the Battle of Taginae or in fortifications designed to provide the defenders with opportunities to enfilade attacking forces.
Although sophisticated archery tactics grew rare in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, enfilade fire was reemphasized by the late medieval English using ranked archers combined with dismounted knights, first employed at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in 1332 and used to devastating effect against the French in the Hundred Years War.
The benefit of enfilading an enemy formation is that, by firing along the long axis, it becomes easier to hit targets within that formation.
Enfilade fire takes advantage of the fact that it is usually easier to aim laterally (traversing the weapon) than to correctly estimate the range to avoid shooting too long or short.
Additionally, both indirect and direct fire projectiles that might miss an intended target are more likely to hit another valuable target within the formation if firing along the long axis.
When planning field and other fortifications, it became common for mutually supporting positions to be arranged so that it became impossible to attack any one position without exposing oneself to enfilading fire from the others, this being found for example in the mutually supporting bastions of star forts, and the caponiers of later fortifications.
Fire is delivered so that the long axis of the target coincides or nearly coincides with the long axis of the beaten zone.
Defilade is also used to refer to a position on the reverse slope of a hill or within a depression in level or rolling terrain.
Ideally, this dead space should be covered by the interlocking fields of fire of other nearby positions, and/or by pre-planned indirect fire such as mortars or other forms of artillery.
In the case of antitank weapons, and especially short-range man-portable antitank rockets, defiladed positions behind a hill have several important advantages.
This is because the dead space created by the intervening crest of the hill prevents an approaching tank from using the range of its direct-fire weapons, and neither the attacker nor defender will have a clear shot until the tank is within range of the defending antitank weapon.
In such engagements the tank is usually at a further disadvantage because the defender will often be camouflaged while the attacking tank will be silhouetted against the sky, giving the defender an easier shot.
In addition, if the tank fails to detect the defending antitank weapon while the tank is still defiladed, but advances beyond that position to the crest of the hill, it may expose the relatively thinner armor of its lower hull or belly to the defender.
Artificial entrenchments can provide defilade by allowing troops to seek shelter behind a raised berm that increases the effective height of the ground, within an excavation that allows the troops to shelter below the surface of the ground or a combination of the two.
A unit sited in defilade threatens an enemy that decides to pass it and move forward, because the enemy would be put in an enfiladed position when moving in a rank.
The friendly unit would be in a position that is shielded by terrain from direct enemy fire, while still being able to fire on the enemy in an effective manner.
The song was recorded in a different key than the final recording; it was sped up at the request of McCartney to make his voice sound younger.
The song is sung by a young man to his lover, and is about his plans of their growing old together.
It was in the Beatles' setlist in their early days as a song to perform when their amplifiers broke down or the electricity went off.
There were multiple overdub sessions, including the lead vocal by McCartney on 8 December and backing vocals by McCartney, Lennon, and George Harrison on 20 December.
Recorded in C major, the master take was sped up to raise the key by one semitone at the insistence of McCartney.
He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954.
After attending a public school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College, graduating in 1962 with a B.A.
While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he quickly returned to rock after moving back to New York.
The fact is that pop writers in general shy away from such arcana as key signature and beats to the measure ...
As of 2007, he was also an adjunct professor in the Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music at New York University.
The website was created after the September 11, 2001 attacks when Hull was stuck in New York while visiting from his native Wichita.
Although he no longer oversaw the poll, Christgau continued to vote and, since the 2015 poll, also contributed essays to the results.
Only his top ten count toward his vote in the poll, but his full lists of favorites usually numbered far more than that.
The following are Christgau's choices for the number-one album of the year, including the point score he assigned for the poll.
Pazz & Jop's rules provided that each item in a top ten could be allotted between 5 and 30 points, with all ten items totaling 100, allowing critics to weight certain albums more heavily if they chose to do so.
In some years, Christgau often gave an equal number of points to his first- and second-ranked albums, but they were nevertheless ranked as first and second, not as a tie for first; this list collects only his number-one picks.
Lately, Christgau has grown arrogant and humorless—the raves are reserved for jazz artists, while even the best rock is treated condescendingly unless it conforms to Christgau's passion for leftist politics (particularly feminism) and bohemian culture.
While he is far too shrewd to let his dislike for apolitical or middle-class performers affect his A plus to E minus rating of them, the tone of the writing is now snotty—it lacks compassion, not to mention empathy, with current rock.
Christgau has named Louis Armstrong, Thelonious Monk, Chuck Berry, the Beatles, and the New York Dolls as his top five artists of all time.
Christgau readily admits to having prejudices and generally disliking genres such as heavy metal, salsa, dance, art rock, progressive rock, bluegrass, gospel, Irish folk, jazz fusion, and classical music.
But if you mean to ask whether I think some rock critics are better than others, you're damn straight I do.
Christgau married fellow critic and writer Carola Dibbell in 1974; they have an adopted daughter, Nina, born in Honduras in 1986.
Christgau has been long, albeit argumentative, friends with critics such as Dave Marsh, Greil Marcus, and the late Ellen Willis, whom he dated from 1966 to 1969.
Clonidine, sold as the brand name Catapres among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or smoking), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.
Clonidine is used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or smoking), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.
Clonidine may improve symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in some people but causes many adverse effects and the beneficial effect is modest.
While not as effective as methylphenidate in treating ADHD, clonidine does offer some benefit; it can also be useful in combination with stimulant medications.
Some studies show clonidine more sedating than guanfacine, which may be better at bed time along with an arousing stimulant at morning.
Clonidine may be used to ease drug withdrawal symptoms associated with abruptly stopping the long-term use of opioids, alcohol, benzodiazepines and nicotine (smoking).
It can alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms by reducing the sympathetic nervous system response such as tachycardia and hypertension, as well as reducing sweating, hot and cold flashes, and general restlessness.
Clonidine may also reduce severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome in infants born to mothers that are using certain drugs, particularly opioids.
Clonidine also has several off-label uses, and has been prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders including stress, sleep disorders, and hyperarousal caused by post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and other anxiety disorders.
Clonidine has also been used to treat refractory diarrhea associated with irritable bowel syndrome, fecal incontinence, diabetes, diarrhea associated with opioid withdrawal, intestinal failure, neuroendocrine tumors and cholera.
Injection into the knee joint space of α receptor agonists, including clonidine, may reduces the severity of knee pain after arthroscopic knee surgery.
The reduction in circulating norepinephrine by clonidine was used in the past as an investigatory test for phaeochromocytoma, which is a catecholamine-synthesizing tumour, usually found in the adrenal medulla.
In a clonidine suppression test plasma catecholamine levels are measured before and 3 hours after a 0.3 mg oral test dose has been given to the patient.
Clonidine is classed by the FDA as pregnancy category C. It is classified by the TGA of Australia as pregnancy category B3, which means that it has shown some detrimental effects on fetal development in animal studies, although the relevance of this to human beings is unknown.
Clonidine appears in high concentration in breast milk and nursing infants have approximately 2/3 of serum clonidine concentrations as the mother.
Clonidine suppresses sympathetic outflow resulting in lower blood pressure, but sudden discontinuation can cause rebound hypertension due to a rebound in sympathetic outflow.
Clonidine treats high blood pressure by stimulating α receptors in the brain stem, which decreases peripheral vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure.
This binding has a sympatholytic effect, suppresses release of norepinephrine, ATP, renin, and neuropeptide Y which if released would increase vascular resistance.
Clonidine also acts as an agonist at imidazoline-1 (I) receptors in the brain, and it is hypothesized that this effect may contribute to reducing blood pressure by reducing signaling in the sympathetic nervous system, but this effect acts upstream of the central α agonist effect of clonidine.
In the setting of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), clonidine's molecular mechanism of action occurs due to its agonism at the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, the subtype of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor that is most principally found in the brain.
The alpha-2A adrenergic receptors are found on the presynaptic cleft of a given neuron, and, when activated by an agonist, the effect on downstream neurons is inhibitory.
Thus, clonidine's agonism on alpha-2A adrenergic receptors in the PFC inhibits the action of downstream neurons by preventing the secretion of norepinephrine.
This mechanism is similar to the brain's physiological inhibition of PFC neurons by the locus ceruleus (LC), which secretes norepinephrine into the PFC.
Although norepinephrine can also bind to target adrenergic receptors on the downstream neuron (otherwise inducing a stimulatory effect), norepinephrine also binds to alpha-2A adrenergic receptors (akin to clonidine's mechanism of action), inhibiting the release of norepinephrine by that neuron and inducing an inhibitory effect.
Because the PFC is required for working memory and attention, it is thought that clonidine's inhibition of PFC neurons helps to eliminate irrelevant attention (and subsequent behaviors), improving the person's focus and correcting deficits in attention.
After being ingested, clonidine is absorbed into the blood stream rapidly and nearly completely, with peak concentrations in human plasma occurring within 60–90 minutes.
Clonidine is fairly lipid soluble with the logarithm of its partition coefficient (log P) equal to 1.6; to compare, the optimal log P to allow a drug that is active in the human central nervous system to penetrate the blood brain barrier is 2.0.
Less than half of the absorbed portion of an orally administered dose will be metabolized by the liver into inactive metabolites, with roughly the other half being excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
The half-life of clonidine varies widely, with estimates between 6 and 23 hours, and is greatly affected by and prolonged in the setting of poor kidney function.
As of June 2017 clonidine was marketed under many brand names worldwide: Arkamin, Aruclonin, Atensina, Catapin, Catapres, Catapresan, Catapressan, Chianda, Chlofazoline, Chlophazolin, Clonid-Ophtal, Clonidin, Clonidina, Clonidinã, Clonidine, Clonidine hydrochloride, Clonidinhydrochlorid, Clonidini, Clonidinum, Clonigen, Clonistada, Clonnirit, Clophelinum, Dixarit, Duraclon, Edolglau, Haemiton, Hypodine, Hypolax, Iporel, Isoglaucon, Jenloga, Kapvay, Klofelino, Kochaniin, Melzin, Menograine, Normopresan, Paracefan, Pinsanidine, Run Rui, and Winpress.
It was marketed as a combination drug with chlortalidone as Arkamin-H, Bemplas, Catapres-DIU, and Clorpres, and in combination with bendroflumethiazide as Pertenso.
Bangor is located 28 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire in the area commonly called Menai.
The name 'Bangor' was selected in 1895 by the land's owner, a farmer named Owen Jones, after his birthplace Bangor in Wales.
Bangor is a mostly residential suburb with a small shopping centre which consists of Bangor Community Pharmacy, Bangor Newsagency, Bangor Post Office, Bangor Bakery, Manson Property, Friendly Grocer supermarket, Peter's Bangor Chinese, Thai Max, ABC School Wear, Bangor Dry Cleaners, Bangor Butchers and Doug Frost Swim School.
Transdev NSW buses (routes 961 and 962) connect Bangor to Menai, Illawong, Alfords Point, Barden Ridge, Padstow, Bankstown, Sutherland, Kirrawee, Gymea and Miranda.
The closest train station is Sutherland, on the T4 Illawarra line; although Padstow on the T8 East Hills/Airport line is also frequently used.
A family friendly cycle way runs from Sutherland to Padstow through Bangor, which links up with the broader Sydney cycle way.
The Bangor Scout Group was established in 1986 with a Scout Hall in Ross Reserve in Pyree Street and caters for youth aged from 6 to 26 years old.
The nearby rivers and extensive bush areas are popular with the locals and offer a variety of outdoor activities including bush walking, mountain bike riding, canoeing, kayaking, rowing, fishing.
Well-known recipients include Nobel laureates Robert Andrews Millikan, Edward M. Purcell, Richard Feynman, Isidor I. Rabi, Norman F. Ramsey, Hans Bethe, and Carl Wieman; as well as Arnold Sommerfeld, George Uhlenbeck, Jerrold Zacharias, Philip Morrison, Melba Phillips, Victor Weisskopf, Gerald Holton, John A. Wheeler, Frank Oppenheimer, Robert Resnick, Carl Sagan, Freeman Dyson, Daniel Kleppner, and Lawrence Krauss, and Anthony French, David Hestenes, Robert Karplus, Robert Pohl, and Francis Sears.
He went to Kyoto and taught in the dōjō of a man named Yoshida, who had relied on Saitō's father Yūsuke in the past.
The same age as Okita Sōji and another member named Tōdō Heisuke, the three shared the distinction of being the youngest in Kondō Isami's group and being among its most gifted swordsmen.
He always made sure that his obi was tied properly and when he walked he was careful not to drag his feet.
At rest he always sat in the formal position, called seiza, and he would remain very alert so that he could react instantly to any situations that might occur.
Along with his duties as Captain of the Third Squad in the Shinsengumi, he was also responsible for weeding out any potential spies within the Shinsengumi ranks.
During the Ikedaya incident on July 8, 1864, Saitō was with Hijikata Toshizō's group that arrived later at the Ikedaya Inn.
In August 20, 1864, Saitō and the rest of the Shinsengumi took part in the Kinmon incident against the Chōshū rebels.
In the reorganization of the ranks in November 1864, he was first assigned as the fourth unit's captain and would later receive an award from the shogunate for his part in the Kinmon incident.
Saitō was considered to be on the same level of swordsmanship as the first troop captain Okita Sōji and the second troop captain Nagakura Shinpachi.
His controversial reputation comes from accounts that he executed several corrupt members of the Shinsengumi; however, rumors vary as to his role in the deaths of Tani Sanjūrō in 1866 and Takeda Kanryūsai in 1867.
His role as an internal spy for the Shinsengumi is also questionable; one common example being that he is said to have been instructed to join Itō Kashitarō's splinter group Goryō Eji Kōdai-ji faction, to spy on them, which eventually led to the Aburanokōji incident in December 13, 1867.
Later in late December 1867, Saitō and a group of six Shinsengumi members were assigned to protect Miura Kyūtarō, who was one of the major suspects of the assassination of Sakamoto Ryōma.
On January 1, 1868, they fought against sixteen assassins who were trying to kill Miura in revenge at the Tenmaya Inn on what was known as the Tenmaya incident.
After the outbreak of the Boshin War from January 27, 1868 onwards, Saitō, under the name , took part in Shinsengumi's fight during the Battle of Toba–Fushimi and the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma, before withdrawing with the surviving members to Edo and later to the Aizu domain.
Due to Hijikata being incapacitated as a result of the injuries sustained at the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle, Saitō became the commander of the Aizu Shinsengumi around May 26, 1868 and continued on into the Battle of Shirakawa.
After the Battle of Bonari Pass, when Hijikata decided to retreat from Aizu, Saitō and a small group of 20 members parted with Hijikata and rest of the surviving Shinsengumi and continued to fight alongside with the Aizu army against the imperial army until the very end of the Battle of Aizu.
This parting account was recorded in Kuwana retainer Taniguchi Shirōbei's diary, where it was recorded as an occurrence also involving Ōtori Keisuke, whom Hijikata requested to take command of the Shinsengumi; thus the said confrontation was not with Hijikata.
Saitō, along with the few remaining men of the Shinsengumi who went with him, fought against the imperial army at Nyorai-dō (a small temple near Aizuwakamatsu Castle), where they were severely outnumbered.
After Aizuwakamatsu Castle fell, Saitō and the five surviving members joined a group of former Aizu retainers who traveled southwest to the Takada Domain in Echigo Province, where they were held as prisoners of war.
Kurasawa was involved in the migration of Aizu samurai to Tonami and the building up of the settlements in Tonami (now Aomori Prefecture), particularly in Gonohe village.
When on June 10, 1874, he left Tonami for Tokyo, Yaso moved in with Kurasawa and the Kurasawa family records last entry of her is in 1876.
Tsutomu and his wife Nishino Midori had seven children; the Fujita family continues to the present day through Tarō and Naoko Fujita, the children of Tsutomu's second son Makoto.
Fujita fought on the Meiji government's side during Saigō Takamori's Satsuma rebellion, as a member of the police forces sent to support the Imperial Japanese Army.
During his lifetime, Fujita Gorō shared some of his Shinsengumi experiences with a select few, these included Aizu natives Yamakawa Kenjirō and Takamine Hideo, whose houses he frequented.
During his life in the Meiji period, Fujita was the only one who was authorized by the government to carry a katana despite the collapse of the Tokugawa rule.
Following his retirement from Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department in 1890, Fujita worked as a guard for Tokyo National Museum, and later as a clerk and accountant for Tokyo Women's Normal School from 1899, as well as for the Tokyo Higher Normal School, jobs he secured thanks to his friendship with Takamine Hideo.
Takamine also relied upon Fujita's skill as an appraiser of swords, and gave Fujita permission to freely enter his art warehouse.
Since he has been featured in several anime and manga Saitō has become a well-known figure among young anime fans in the west.
The series introduces Saitō as an anti-hero and eventual ally to the protagonist Himura Kenshin, and depicts several of the known historical descriptions of him from real life, from his personality and role in the Shinsengumi to his being left-handed.
However, Saitō changes as a man through his interactions with Kanichiro Yoshimura (played by Kiichi Nakai) during the last years of the Shinsengumi.
Here, like his historical inspiration, he is very reserved and analytical, using a left-handed sword technique and later joining Itō's splinter group at the order of Hijikata.
It is 16 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is located in the local government area of Canterbury-Bankstown Council, having previously been the administrive centre of the City of Bankstown prior to 2016.
In 1795, Matthew Flinders and George Bass explored up the Georges River for about 20 miles beyond what had been previously surveyed, and reported favourably to Governor Hunter of the land on its banks.
Hunter examined the country himself, and established one of the pioneer colonies there, called Bank's Town, today written as one word Bankstown.
The first town hall and Council Chambers were opened on 22 Oct 1898 on the northern side of the Hume Highway (Liverpool Road), near Rookwood Road (site of the Three Swallows Hotel).
After the arrival of Douglas MacArthur in Australia, control of Bankstown Airport was handed to US Forces, becoming home to US 35th Fighter Squadron and the 41st Pursuit Squadron of the United States Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces who occupied the airport from 1942 to 1944.
In 1945 operations became the responsibility of the British Fleet Air Arm, known as HMS Nabberley, until 1946, when it was handed back to the RAAF.
Their living quarters were located next door and down the road from the hall & the staff were housed in galvanised iron barracks.
Operations were handed over to the United States Army Air Corps on 10 April 1942 before they were transferred to a disused railway tunnel at St James railway station in Sydney.
The unit was renamed, Air Defence Headquarters Sydney (ADHQ) on 21 January 1945 and moved into a three-storey semi-underground purpose built operations and plotting facility at Bankstown, known as the Bankstown Bunker.
Few factories or industry of any consequence were located in Bankstown prior to 1945, this was changed dramatically between 1942 and 1954, especially when the Department of Aircraft Production gave approval for aircraft manufacturer Hawker De Havilland, to operate a factory at the airport for the production and manufacture of de Havilland Mosquito bombers.
The Bankstown Bunker is of similar design to the underground Ops rooms of wartime England, which directed Britain's air defence fighter plane attacks on the invading German Luftwaffe.
Entrance to the bunker was obtained through a concrete passageway which was well screened by a grassy slope, a stairway led to a maze of corridors and hallways leading to various sections.
The Bankstown bunker is currently buried under a public park, surrounded by residential dwellings at the northern end of Taylor Street.
Bankstown's population increased dramatically after World War II by people relocating from the inner-city areas and incoming migrants, mainly from Europe and towards the end of the 20th century from Asia, Middle East (especially Vietnamese and Lebanese) and the rest of the world.
Bankstown Council relocated to its third premises in 1963 when the Civic Centre that is located on the corner of Chapel Road and The Mall was constructed.
Council offices relocated to Bankstown Civic Tower (the blue tower) in 1999 and on 13 June 2000 Bankstown's now popular Central Park, where the former administration building once stood, was officially declared Paul Keating Park.
The average summer temperature range is from 17.6 °C (63.7 °F) to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F), although hot north-westerly winds can cause temperatures to rise up to +40 °C (104 °F).
On average, Bankstown sees 8.8 days per year where the temperature rises above 35 °C (95 °F), as opposed to only 3.0 days for Sydney Observatory Hill., The average winter temperature range is from 5.9 °C (42.6 °F) to 18.0 °C (64.4 °F).
The highest temperature recorded at Bankstown was 46.1 °C (115.0 °F) on 18 January 2013, and the lowest temperature recorded was -4.0 °C (24.8 °F) on 26 July 1968.
Bankstown's annual mean rainfall is 869.0mm, slightly less than the Sydney CBD, which is affected more by coastal showers which do not penetrate very far inland.
The commercial area beside the railway station is known as Bankstown Plaza, while the ethnic diversity of the area has created a host of restaurants, eateries and cafes.
Bankstown Central Shopping Centre, formerly known as Centro Bankstown and previously known as Bankstown Square, is a large shopping centre, immediately to the northeast of the railway Station.
Eight years earlier in 1946, Bankstown became the first municipality to adopt the Library Act of 1939 by opening a Children's Library, located at Restwell Street.
The suburb is affected with unusually high unemployment and is subject to a dedicated income management program specifically targeting the problem.
In 1928, the line was extended westwards from Bankstown to join the Main Suburban railway at Lidcombe and the Main South line to Liverpool.
Since then Bankstown has seen the development of several different educational facilities, such as, Al Amanah College, Bankstown Senior College (formerly Bankstown Boys High School 1963-1991), Bankstown Girls High School, Georges River Grammar School, LaSalle Catholic College and St Euphemia College.
'Paul Keating Park' was built on the site of Bankstown Council's former administration building, after it was destroyed by fire on 1 July 1997.
Bankstown is considered as one of the most multicultural areas in the country with over 60 different languages spoken by the people of this suburb.
Botany sits on the northern shore of Botany Bay, east of Sydney Airport, adjacent to the suburbs of Mascot, Banksmeadow, Pagewood and Port Botany.
Botany Bay, to the south, is where Captain James Cook first landed on 29 April 1770, when navigating his way around Australia on his ship, the Endeavour.
The ship's English botanist Joseph Banks and Swedish assistant botanist Daniel Solander, spent several days on shore collecting vast numbers of specimens, that were previously unknown in Europe.
Cook's journals first referred to the bay as Sting Rays' Harbour, then later Botanist Bay and finally both these names were crossed out and replaced with Botany Bay.
In 1809, Mr E Redmond was one of the first to settle here and Simeon Lord (1771–1840) was an important developer in the area who built a fulling mill in 1815.
The other historic landmark in the area is St Matthew's Church of England, on the corner of Botany Road and Lord Street.
The service from Circular Quay initially via Elizabeth, Chalmers and Redfern Streets (from 1902), then in 1933 via Pitt and Castlereagh Streets, and Eddy Avenue, Lee and Regents Streets, to Botany Street in Waterloo.
A single-track connection along Bourke and O'Dea Streets joined at the present day Green Square, allowing access to the Dowling Street Depot.
From Botany, a single-track line crossed the Botany Goods railway at Beauchamp Road, then passed along Perry Street and Bunnerong Road, past the former Bunnerong Power Station to join the La Perouse line at Yarra Junction.
Port Botany is the site of Sydney's major port and as such, Botany is a suburb with extensive commercial development centred on shipping and freight.
The plant once manufactured paints, plastics and industrial chemicals such as solvents, and is responsible for a large groundwater plume of pollution in the area.
The Pleasure Gardens reflect the history of the area with a zoo playground featuring life size animal statues, a mosaic depicting Banks’s journey, decorative flag terrace, Banksia garden and the central oval running track.
One of them is the well known NRL club named the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Botany Rams some other teams are Pagewood Botany Soccer Club, Botany Golf Club, Bonnie Doon Golf Club, Eastlake Golf Club and The Lakes Golf Club.
This increase in development in Botany has been as a result of increased urbanisation, with the redevelopment of industrial areas, allowing developers to take advantage of the proximity to beaches and CBD.
The Kyrenia Mountains is a long, narrow mountain range that runs for approximately along the northern coast of the island of Cyprus.
A devastating fire in July 1995 burned large portions of the Kyrenia Mountains, resulting in the loss of significant forest land and natural habitat.
These mountains are a series of sedimentary formations from the Permian to the Middle Miocene pushed up by a collision of the African and Eurasian plates.
Though only half the height of the Troodos Mountains, the Kyrenia Mountains are rugged and rise abruptly from the Mesaoria plain.
The location of the mountains near the sea made them desirable locations for watch towers and castles overlooking the northern Cyprus coast, as well as the central plain.
The castles of St. Hilarion, Buffavento, and Kantara sit astride peaks and were of strategic importance during much of the history of Cyprus during the Middle Ages.
One tells the story of a conceited villager who fell in love with the local queen and asked for her hand in marriage.
The queen wished to be rid of the impertinent young man and requested that he bring her some water from the spring of Apostolos Andreas monastery in the Karpas, a perilous journey in those days.
In a fit of rage, he poured the water on to the earth, seized a handful of the resulting mud and threw it at the queens head.
She ducked and the lump of mud sailed far across the plain to land on top of the Kyrenia mountain range, where it is to this day, still showing the impression of the thwarted villager’s five fingers.
Tradition has it that Digenis Akritas's hand gripped the mountain to get out of the sea when he came to free Cyprus from its Saracen invaders, and this is his handprint.
Although his work is less fashionable than it once was, Pagnol is still generally regarded as one of France's greatest 20th-century writers and is notable for the fact that he excelled in almost every medium—memoir, novel, drama and film.
In 1913, at the age of 18, Marcel passed his baccalaureate in philosophy and started studying literature at the University in Aix-en-Provence.
In 1922, he moved to Paris, where he taught English until 1927, when he decided instead to devote his life to playwriting.
Separated from Simone Collin since 1926 (though not divorced until 1941), he formed a relationship with the young English dancer Kitty Murphy.
In 1929, on a visit to London, Pagnol attended a screening of one of the first talking films and he was so impressed that he decided to devote his efforts to cinema.
Over the next decade Pagnol produced his own films, taking many different roles in the production – financier, director, script writer, studio head, and foreign-language script translator – and employing the greatest French actors of the period.
On 4 April 1946, Pagnol was elected to the Académie française, taking his seat in March 1947, the first filmmaker to receive this honour.
As a pictorial naturalist, Pagnol relies on film as art to convey a deeper meaning rather than solely as a tool to tell a story.
Pagnol also took great care in the type of actors he employed, hiring local actors to appear in his films to highlight their unique accents and culture.
Using interchangeable symbols and recurring character roles, such as proud fathers and rebellious children, Pagnol illuminates the provincial life of the lower class.
Bundeena is located 29 km south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.
Bundeena is adjacent to the village of Maianbar and lies on the southern side of Port Hacking, opposite the suburbs of Cronulla and Burraneer.
Bundeena may be reached by passenger ferry from Cronulla or by road through the Royal National Park from Sutherland or Waterfall.
Many people from Bundeena drive to the railway station at Sutherland, as it is only a 25-minute drive as opposed to 30 minutes by ferry to Cronulla and then a 15-minute train trip to Sutherland.
In addition there is one return trip every Wednesday to Engadine and one return trip every Friday to Miranda both via Maianbar.
Many residents see the deer as pests, but they are a protected species, although the National Parks & Wildlife Service are permitted a small yearly cull.
In December 2013, Lacson was appointed by then Philippines President Benigno Aquino III as Presidential Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery, to lead the management and rehabilitation efforts of the central provinces in the Philippines affected by Typhoon Haiyan.
Eight months into his job, Lacson secured the approval from Aquino of the phased implementation of the rehabilitation plan of six areas in the Super-Typhoon Yolanda destruction corridor, especially in the Eastern Visayas and Central Visayas regions.
He finished grade school at the Bayang Luma Elementary School in 1960 and high school at the Imus Institute in 1964.
He completed his Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy degree at the Lyceum of the Philippines University before entering the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) in 1967.
After his graduation in 1971, Lacson was commissioned in the Philippine Constabulary (PC), then a major service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) responsible for maintaining peace and order and enforcement of laws in the country.
After the 1986 People Power Revolution, he served at the PC-INP Anti-Carnapping Task Force as its commander from 1986 to 1988, as provincial commander of the Province of Isabela from 1988 to 1989, and as commander of the Cebu Metropolitan District Command (Metrodiscom) from 1989 to 1992.
In 1991, he joined the then-newly created civilian Philippine National Police, or PNP, formed as a result of the merger of the military Philippine Constabulary and the civilian Integrated National Police or INP.
In 1981, Lacson was a Lieutenant Colonel with the PC-Metrocom, when he led a team that rescued now-tycoon Robina Gokongwei-Pe, daughter of businessman John Gokongwei Jr., from a kidnap-for-ransom gang.
The Gokongweis eventually decided to show their gratitude by donating mobile patrol vehicles to the PC, coursing it through then PC chief Maj. Gen. Fidel Ramos.
Lacson, who would later head the Philippine National Police from 1999 to 2001, founded the PNP Foundation in 2000, as a way for civic-minded people to give contributions for the benefit of the PNP as an institution.
The victim's family intended to give the money they prepared as ransom to Lacson and his operatives as a reward, but Lacson declined it.
Aside from kidnap-for-ransom gangs, jueteng and other forms of illegal gambling were also in Lacson's sights when he was in the PC, and eventually in the Philippine National Police.
In 1992, he bared an attempt by local jueteng operators in Laguna to bribe him, initially to the tune of P1.2 million a month.
He rationalized the distribution of financial and logistical resources by downloading 85 percent to the police frontline units, retaining only 15 percent in the police headquarters.
Lacson refused to accept bribe money from illegal gambling operators and contractors and suppliers transacting business with the PNP, declining offers of monetary rewards from kidnap-for-ransom victims after rescuing them from their captors.
The Kuratong Baleleng of the 1990s was a criminal gang linked to a series of violent crimes that included kidnappings and bank robberies.
In 1995, members of a composite task group assigned to stop robberies in Metro Manila were linked to the killing of 11 members of Kuratong Baleleng in Quezon City.
In 2003, the High Tribunal ordered the Quezon City Regional Trial Court to try the case against Lacson and 33 other police officials.
The special prosecuting team later moved for new trial before the High Tribunal to remand case to the trial court to present new evidence against Senator Lacson, inter alia.
On May 2, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines resolved to take cognizance of the motion of the families of the slain Kuratong Baleleng members for revival of the murder case against police officials and Senator Panfilo Lacson.
On November 13, 2012, the Supreme Court in an en banc decision denied the government's motion to revive the case and affirmed the lower court's decision dismissing it.
The Department of Justice filed double murder charges against Police Senior Superintendent Michael Ray Aquino and other police officers, including Senior Superintendent Cezar Mancao II and Senior Superintendent Glenn Dumlao – all members of Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) headed by then Police Director-General Panfilo Lacson.
In his 2001 affidavit, Senior Superintendent Glenn Dumlao implicated then President Joseph Estrada and then Director-General Panfilo Lacson in the Dacer–Corbito Murder Case.
In 2009, former police senior superintendent Cezar Mancao II named Lacson as the mastermind of the murders of Salvador Dacer and Emmanuel Corbito.
Mancao was allegedly present when Lacson gave the hit order to then Police Senior Superintendent Michael Ray Aquino sometime in October 2000.
On January 5, 2010, Lacson left the Philippines on a Cathay Pacific flight to Hong Kong, shortly before charges against him were filed in court.
Lacson returned to the country on March 26, 2011, a month after the Supreme Court affirmed the Court of Appeals' ruling on the case.
In a 2015 interview with the media, Mancao (still a fugitive) apologized to Lacson and Estrada for linking them in the Dacer–Corbito murders, admitting that he had no personal knowledge on the supposed involvement of the two.
Lacson was appointed by then President Joseph Estrada to head the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) and to serve as Philippine National Police Chief.
Lacson's notable accomplishments were the reduction of corrupt policemen (Kotong Cops) and various organized crime syndicates engaged in kidnapping, drug trafficking, and other illegal activities.
From April 30 to May 1, 2001, together with Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Miriam Defensor Santiago and Tito Sotto, he led the EDSA III protests against Joseph Estrada.
On March 11, 2003, Lacson delivered a speech entitled Living Without Pork, exposing the evils and temptations presented by the pork barrel system, and called for its total abolition.
During deliberations on the national budget, he stated he would make sure his PDAF allocation reverted to the National Treasury – in the process saving the government some PhP2.4 billion during his first 12 years in the Senate.
Lacson's advocacy against the pork barrel system and the corruption associated with him was cited by the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila when it conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, on March 27, 2019.
He was one of the main authors of two legislative measures of the Aquino administration, one of which was the Reproductive Health Act.
The measure seeks to promote responsible parenthood and to protect the health of the mother and child by giving them access to reproductive health services.
Another legislative measure where Lacson was a main author was the Sin Tax Reform Act, which imposes higher taxes on tobacco and alcohol products to deter the public from buying such products.
Those who buy such products will have to pay higher taxes, whose proceeds will go to the government's universal health program.
Lacson authored an amendment to the Armed Forces of the Philippines Modernization Act, which aims to provide more funds to the military.
2993, An Act Providing for a comprehensive law on firearms, light weapons and ammunitions, which was signed into law as Republic Act 10591.
In the aftermath of Super Typhoon Yolanda, that caused widespread destruction, substantial damage and death in several areas in the country, particularly in the Visayas, President Aquino appointed Lacson as Presidential Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery (PARR) with the mandate of unifying the efforts of government and other agencies involved in the rehabilitation and recovery efforts.
His office crafted the Yolanda Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan (CRRP) with a PhP167 billion proposed funding, which provides for an overall strategic vision and integrated short-term, medium-term and long-term programs in the Yolanda-affected areas.
Lacson pointed out that while his mandate as PARR was to develop a rehabilitation plan, he had no authority to implement or manage funds.
However, due to low ratings in most pre-election presidential surveys, he decided to run for a senate seat as an independent candidate in the 2016 Philippine general election.
Lacson, who endorsed former Interior Secretary Mar Roxas' presidential campaign, garnered around 17 million votes in the 2016 elections, earning his way to a Senate seat by ranking fourth in terms of total votes.
In the 17th Congress, Lacson filed Senate Bill 41, the National Reference Act of 2016, which seeks to establish a National ID system that can help government law enforcers deter criminality and terrorism by facilitating the processes of apprehension and prosecution.
The system seeks to address the problems of constant delays and inconveniences in availing of basic public services and social security benefits due to inefficient and unreliable means of identifying the beneficiaries.
Lacson filed Senate Bill 42, penalizing a wide range of crimes ranging from drug-related offenses to treason, terrorism, and human trafficking.
Lacson filed Senate Bill 48, which seeks to amend Republic Act 4200 to update the list of crimes where wiretapping may be deemed lawful under certain circumstances.
At a Senate hearing on January 28, 2017, the former Lacson showed a video of police officers in civilian clothing, appearing to plant evidence in an anti-drug operation – to stress his call for internal cleansing in the PNP.
The bill seeks to give local government units an active role in nation building by providing them with funding for development projects.
Lacson noted House members were allowed to identify P80 million worth of projects before the submission of the 2017 National Expenditure Program to Congress for deliberations – the pork barrel system already declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
This prompted the Senate to realign P8.3 billion in the proposed 2017 national budget to cover tuition of students in state colleges and universities.
For the 2019 budget, Lacson raised questions about the post-ratification tweaks made by the House leadership to the spending bill, saying this would violate the 1987 Constitution‘s Art.
Meanwhile, in the proposed 2020 budget, Lacson cited information from some House members of a plan to give each district P700 million, and each of 22 deputy Speakers P1.5 billion.
Lacson's revelations prompted some House members to demand an apology from Lacson, but Lacson said there is nothing to apologize for, as he is guarding the budget.
House members demanded that he named his sources, but Lacson refused, saying he gets more information because he protects his sources.
On August 23, 2017, Lacson delivered a privilege speech at the Senate, where he narrated details of corruption at the Bureau of Customs.
This led to Faeldon being cited in contempt by the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee after he refused to testify in the probe on illegal drugs.
On September 28, Lacson filed charges against Faeldon and several others before the Office of the Ombudsman over rice smuggling in March 2017.
Also, Lacson said the family of Health Secretary and ex-oficio PhilHealth chairman Francisco Duque III had entered into a lease agreement with PhilHealth's Region 1 office where the agency rented the building owned by the Duque family's EMDC in Dagupan City.
Lacson said a General Information Sheet of EMDC showed Secretary Duque was among the stockholders of the company, thus indicating a conflict of interest.
In addition, Lacson said Doctors Pharmaceuticals Inc., a company owned by Secretary Duque's relatives, bids for government contracts with the DOH.
The company was found in 2015 by the Food and Drug Administration of manufacturing for other companies, and was slapped a cease-and-desist order in June 2015.
The FDA also ordered the recall of all drug products, but a tip that prompted an FDA inspection showed the firm was still operating.
Malacanang said that while Secretary Duque, who denied the allegations, still enjoys President Rodrigo Duterte's trust, it will not stop him from attending the congressional investigations.
The bill was consolidated in Senate Bill 1465, which along with House Bill 5670 were the basis for Republic Act 10969 – the Free Irrigation Service Act – which President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law on February 2, 2018.
The probe found indications of a cover-up attempt via Facebook chat by Aegis Jvris fraternity, the organization Castillo sought to join.
The probe resulted in Senate Bill 1662, which updated the existing Anti-Hazing Act of 1995 by imposing heavier penalties on hazing.
The proposed measure – Senate Bill 1738 – was approved in the Senate with a vote of 17–2 on March 19, 2018.
Lacson, the principal sponsor of the measure and a perennial author since 2001, expressed thanks to Duterte, as it was under his term that the national ID system saw the light of day.
On February 8, 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11200, which provides for a rank classification in the Philippine National Police.
He had a strong following among young voters in the Philippines due to his efforts to promote honesty and good governance.
They have six children (Robbie Pierre, Raul Jr., Sophia, Sareena, Rex and Synara) and seven grandchildren (Nica, Reece, Samantha, Shania, Santina, Beannie and RB).
Raul Roco was born in Naga City in the Philippine province of Camarines Sur, the son of farmer Sulpicio Azuela Roco and public school teacher Rosario Orlanda Sagarbarria.
Roco finished elementary school at age 10 from Naga Parochial School, and high school at age 14 from Ateneo de Naga.
Later, Roco received a Bachelor of Laws degree (also at San Beda College) and was the college's Abbott Awardee for Over-All Excellence.
In the United States, he obtained his Master of Laws at the University of Pennsylvania, while also enrolled at the Wharton School.
He was the president of the National Union of Students of the Philippines in 1961 and was named one of the Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines in 1964.
After he passed the bar in 1965, Roco lobbied for the holding of a Constitutional Convention that aimed to amend the 1935 Philippine Constitution.
Among all legislators of the Eighth Congress of the Philippines (which lasted from 1987–1992), he was adjudged by the Ford Foundation and the University of the Philippines Institute of Strategic and Development Studies as first in over-all performance.
Some other laws that he wrote resulted in the liberalization of the banking industry and the strengthening of the thrift banks.
He helped fund the teachers' cooperatives as well as the increment mandated by the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers for retiring public school teachers.
He wrote the Women in Nation Building Law, the Nursing Act, the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Anti-Rape Law, and the Child and Family Courts Act.
He was given the Bantay Katarungan award by Kilosbayan for playing an integral role in the Senate impeachment trial of then-president Joseph Estrada who was impeached by the House of Representatives on 2000 for graft and corruption.
Roco took over as education secretary of the Philippines in 2001, at a time when the Philippines had not only one of the ten most corrupt governments in the world (according to Transparency International), but its Department of Education was also the fourth-most corrupt of its agencies (as named by the Asia Foundation - Social Weather Stations Survey of Enterprises on Public Sector Corruption).
To combat this corruption, Roco imposed a department-wide transparency policy which also held employees accountable for the purchase of textbooks, which had been a major source of the department's corruption.
This allowed the department to purchase textbooks for a much lower price, and after just eight months under Roco's leadership, the Department of Education gained a 73% public approval rating and became the most trusted government agency in the Philippines.
He also enacted a reform of basic education curriculum in order that children would focus their studies on reading, writing, arithmetic, science, and Makabayan.
He lost to Vice-President Joseph Estrada but had a remarkable showing in a field of eleven candidates despite being an independent candidate.
His strong showing was attributed to the widespread support he received from young Filipinos who eventually formed his party, Aksyon Demokratiko, and its youth arm, Aksyon Kabataan.
However, during the campaign, he battled with [recurrence of his cancer], after remission from his bout with prostate cancer in 1996.
His widow, Sonia, lost her bid for Senator under the Genuine Opposition (formerly United Opposition) umbrella in the May 14, 2007 midterm elections.
She still represents the party he started, Aksyon Demokratiko, in the hope of continuing the advocacies that her late husband had started.
Caringbah once stretched from Woolooware Bay on the Georges River to Yowie Bay and Burraneer Bay on the Port Hacking estuary.
These suburbs include Taren Point to the north on the Georges River, and Port Hacking, Lilli Pilli, Dolans Bay and Caringbah South, located on the Port Hacking River to the south.
The suburb was originally called Highfield, but it is unclear whether this was a position description or whether it was named after an early resident.
Commercial developments here include many home furnishing retailers such as Nick Scali Furniture, large retailers including Bunnings, as well as home renovation showrooms.
The main shopping centre is located close to Caringbah railway station and is centred on the intersections of President Avenue, the Kingsway and Port Hacking Road South.
Caringbah is home to the public district Sutherland Hospital adjacent to Caringbah Ambulance Station and Kareena Private Hospital on Kareena Road.
President Avenue and the Kingsway both run from Sutherland via Miranda in the west, to the popular beachside suburb of Cronulla in the east.
Caringbah railway station is on the Cronulla branch of the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line T4 on the Sydney Trains network.
Transdev NSW runs buses to such places as Lilli Pilli, South Cronulla, Hurstville, Sutherland, Cronulla and Dolans Bay and Transit Systems operates one school route.
Metro-North Railroad (MNCR) is a commuter railroad system serving two of the five boroughs of New York City (Manhattan and the Bronx), Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, Rockland, and Orange Counties in New York, as well Fairfield and New Haven Counties in Connecticut.
It was established by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1983 to acquire operation of all commuter rail service in New York and Connecticut from Conrail, which itself had been formed in 1976 through the merging of a number of financially troubled railroads, and previously operated commuter railroad service under contract from the MTA.
As with many commuter railroad systems of the late-20th Century in the United States, the stations exist along lines that were inherited from other railroads of the 19th and early 20th Centuries.
Stations on the east side of the Hudson River were originally part of either New York Central Railroad or New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, both of which became part of Penn Central Railroad in 1968 and 1969 respectively.
Stations on lines on the west side of the Hudson River were originally part of Erie Railroad which was merged into the Erie Lackawanna Railroad in 1960.
Dozens of active stations that serve Metro-North are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the most notable of which is Grand Central Terminal which is also a National Historic Landmark and a New York City Landmark.
Four of the northern termini of each line contains stations that are on NRHP, but the only one that serves Metro-North trains is Poughkeepsie station.
The New Haven Line has been terminating northeast of the historic New Haven Union Station at State Street station since 2002.
The Danbury Branch, Waterbury Branch, and Port Jervis Lines stop at platforms just short of former stations that are listed on NRHP.
Other structures related to the railroad are listed on NRHP, but are not stations, such as the Housatonic River, Norwalk River, and Saugatuck River Railroad Bridges.
Stations along the Pascack Valley Line from Hoboken, NJ to Montvale, NJ and along the Main Line and Bergen County Line from Hoboken, NJ to Mahwah, NJ are operated solely by New Jersey Transit.
Any stations closed by New York Central Railroad, Penn Central Railroad, New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, Erie Railroad, Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, Conrail, or the MTA before 1983 will not be included on this list.
Circular Quay is a harbour, former working port and now international passenger shipping port, public piazza and tourism precinct, heritage area, and transport node located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia on the northern edge of the Sydney central business district on Sydney Cove, between Bennelong Point and The Rocks.
In an archaeological dig in Parramatta, Western Sydney, it was found that the Aboriginals used charcoal, stone tools and possible ancient campfires.
Near Penrith, a far western suburb of Sydney, numerous Aboriginal stone tools were found in Cranebrook Terraces gravel sediments having dates of 45,000 to 50,000 years BP.
Prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in the Sydney area from as many as 29 different clans.
The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the indigenous people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells, and cooking fish.
The Cadigal band are the traditional owners of the Sydney CBD area, and their territory south of Port Jackson stretches from South Head to Petersham.
Sydney Cove, on which Circular Quay is located, was the site of the initial landing of the First Fleet in Port Jackson on 26 January 1788.
The governor's temporary canvas house was erected on the east side of the cove, while the western shore became the centre of the early settlement.
Late 18th-century Scottish constitutional reformer Thomas Muir was sentenced to transportation to Sydney for sedition, and had a cottage on what is now Circular Quay.
The eastern side of the cove remained largely uninhabited in the early years of the colony; one notable inhabitant was Bennelong, after whom the adjacent Bennelong Point and Bennelong Apartments are named.
In the early 19th century, the entire eastern shore of Circular Quay was part of the Governor's Domain, though some commercial activity developed along the shoreline.
Cadman's Cottage is a building which survives from that era, built in 1816 for the use of the governmental coxswains and their crews, it marks approximately the location of Circular Quay's natural western shore, prior to reconstruction.
Reflecting Circular Quay's status as the central harbour for Sydney, the Customs House was built on the southern shore in 1844-5.
During the construction of Circular Quay, the eastern side of the cove was used as a quarry and housed construction works.
After the governor's residence was moved up the hill to the present Government House in the 1840s and 1850s, Macquarie Street was extended north through the Governor's Domain to Fort Macquarie.
This led to the development of the area between the street and the shore into a commercial working wharf dominated by the wool trade, while the eastern side of the street remained part of the Domain.
From the 1890s, ferry terminals came to dominate the harbour, and Circular Quay became the hub of the Sydney ferry network.
The first tram to operate through Circular Quay was horse-drawn, running from the old Sydney Railway station to Circular Quay along Pitt Street in 1861 allowing easy transfer to ferries.
Trams operated from Central station down Castlereagh Street to Circular Quay and back up Pitt Street in a large anti-clockwise loop.
From 1936, the appearance of Circular Quay was dramatically changed with the construction of a railway viaduct, and later the elevated Cahill Expressway above the viaduct, across the southern shore of the cove.
The Circular Quay railway station was opened on 20 January 1956 and the elevated Cahill Expressway was officially opened on 24 March 1958.
Further north, the Sydney Cove Passenger Terminal was built in 1958-1960 to accommodate the increased number of passengers arriving by ship.
In 1984, Lionel Todd (Sydney Opera House Stage 3 Architect), proposed his semi-circular quay concept to enhance views of the opera house from the main pedestrian approach, and extend the Royal Botanic Gardens over Macquarie Street, to Sydney Cove.
In return for reducing the height of the building and adding a colonnade to facilitate public access, the development was permitted to extend further towards the foreshore, with the design finalised in 1992.
In 2019, the Circular Quay area is undergoing a significant transformation of its built form, with several property developments underway by the private sector, including: Quay Quarter Sydney by AMP Capital, Opera Residences, One Circular Quay by Yuhu Group, Circular Quay Tower by Lendlease, and the Sandstone Hotels precinct by Pontiac Group.
The Cahill Expressway is a prominent feature of the quay, running from the east, over the elevated railway station to join the Sydney Harbour Bridge in the west.
The Overseas Passenger Terminal, situated on the Quay, is a major piece of Sydney transport infrastructure serving cruise ships and ocean liners and their passengers.
The wharf complex hosts five commuter ferry wharves and is the terminus for all public ferry routes in Sydney Harbour and the Parramatta River other than the Mortlake Ferry between Mortlake and Putney.
As many Sydney bus routes follow the previous tram lines, the tram terminus in Alfred Street became a major bus terminus for many bus routes.
In response to increasing bus congestion in the CBD, on 13 December 2012 the NSW Government announced a commitment to build a $1.6 billion light rail from Circular Quay down George Street to Central Station, then across to Moore Park and down Anzac Parade.
South of Moore Park the line will spit into two branches - one continuing down Anzac Parade to The Nine Ways at Kingsford, and the second heading to Randwick via Alison Road.
Circular Quay is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney location between the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Circular Quay is also the home of Sydney's Museum of Contemporary Art and the City of Sydney Library in the heritage-listed Customs House.
Sydney Writers Walk - a series of plaques commemorating writers with some connection to Sydney - was installed in the footpath along Circular Quay in 1991.
In autumn 2006, the largest open-air art exhibition ever in Australia took place on Circular Quay: Over 7 weeks the Berlin Buddy Bears visited Sydney.
Water Polo by the Sea is held there every year by Australian Water Polo with the Australia men's national water polo team take on the International All Stars.
Sir Thomas Graves KB (c.1747 – 29 March 1814) was an officer of the Royal Navy who rose to the rank of admiral after service in the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Thomas Graves was born circa 1747, the third son of Reverend John Graves of Castle Dawson, County Londonderry, by his wife Jane Hudson.
After the peace he was appointed to with his cousin Thomas, whom he followed to , and by whom, in 1765, while on the coast of Africa, he was promoted to be lieutenant of .
In 1770 Graves was lieutenant of , and in 1773 was appointed to with Captain Constantine Phipps for the voyage of discovery in the Arctic Seas.
In the following year he went out to North America with his uncle Samuel, and was appointed by him to command , one of the small schooners employed for the prevention of smuggling.
She had thirty men, with an armament of four 2-pounder guns, and on 27 May 1775, being sent from Boston into the Charles River, was attacked by a large force of insurgents, whose numbers swelled till they reached a total of something like two thousand men, with two field-pieces.
In 1779 he was promoted to the command of the sloop on the West Indian and North American stations, and in May 1781 he was advanced to post rank.
During the peace Graves spent much of his time in France, and in the early years of the French Revolutionary Wars had no employment.
It was not until October 1800 that he was appointed to command the 74-gun , in the Channel Fleet, under the orders of Lord St. Vincent.
This was only for a few months; for on 1 January 1801 he was promoted to be Rear-Admiral of the White Squadron, and in March hoisted his flag on board the 64-gun , one of the fleet proceeding to the Baltic with Sir Hyde Parker.
Graves afterwards shifted his flag to , and in her was third in command under Parker and Nelson at the Battle of Copenhagen on 2 April 1801.
For his services on this important occasion he received the thanks of Parliament, and an appointment as Knight Commander of the Bath.
Towards the end of July the fleet left the Baltic, and on its return to England Graves, who had been in very bad health during the greater part of the campaign, retired from active service.
, captained for a time by Christopher Nesham, carried his flag in the Bay of Biscay from October 1804 to February 1805.
This is the longest distance between stations on the Hudson Line, the longest on any Metro-North main line, and the third longest on the entire system.
In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places; it and Philipse Manor are the only Hudson Line stations outside Manhattan to be so recognized.
The first Poughkeepsie station was built in 1850 as what became the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route worked its way up the Hudson River.
For its first two years it was the end of the line, but even after it was completed all the way to Albany, it remained the most important intermediate stop.
Many local industries, particularly the carpet mills and shoe factories in the city, used the rail facilities to get their products to market.
The concentration of industry around a major rail stop also led to the rise of banking and finance within the city as well.
In 1888, with the completion of the nearby Poughkeepsie Railroad Bridge providing east-west rail service across the Hudson, Poughkeepsie became even more important to regional rail transportation.
When it came time for a third station to be built on the site, the firm of Warren & Wetmore was hired to design a station that would impress travelers and communicate the city's confidence and cosmopolitan aspirations.
The building has remained largely intact since then, despite declines in passenger rail use and the demise of the New York Central.
It has since transitioned, under the auspices of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, from being a station for primarily intercity rail to the commuter services of Metro-North.
Until April 4, 2009, the southbound Lake Shore Limited (Train 48) stopped at this station, as well as at Hudson, and Rhinecliff-Kingston stations.
On November 8, 2010, Lake Shore Limited service to this station was restored in both directions, and later at Rhinecliff-Kingston, but not at Hudson.
A massive restoration in the late 20th century included the reconstruction of the overpass from the station to Main Street and a large parking garage to serve commuters (many of whom come from points north and west).
Since the 1990s, there have been rumors and plans to expand the Hudson Line north to Rhinecliff (or even further to Rensselaer).
Local property owners have objected to this given plans to build stations in Hyde Park and Staatsburg though those who do commute via Poughkeepsie are in favor of the plan.
The station is a four-story building built into a rockface, with the bottom two levels given over to the tracks and the top two accounted for by the main waiting room, a two-story brick-faced building.
The waiting room, modeled on Grand Central Terminal, is a high gallery lit during daylight by the windows and the three original chandeliers.
The walls are paneled in wood to eight feet (240 cm), after which the carved stone shows all the way to the cornice.
More original woodwork, the stained walnut rafters, is present in the ceiling, possibly modeled after a similar design in San Miniato al Monte, an 11th-century church in Florence, Italy.
Amenities include bathrooms (also modernized), a concession stand, as well as a ticket counter selling Metro-North tickets alongside two vending machines which also sell MetroCards; Amtrak tickets are available only by Quik-Trak machine.
There are four tracks at the platform level, enough to accommodate Amtrak and Metro-North stops simultaneously, although only three are regularly used.
The fourth and easternmost has a lower speed limit and is used mainly for non-revenue maintenance trains or those experiencing difficulties.
In the late 1960s the North-South Arterial (US 9) was built and elevated immediately to the station's east, somewhat isolating it from the rest of the city.
Traffic going along the expressway gets a good view of the station, and it and the nearby steeple of the Church of the Holy Comforter have become landmarks to travelers passing through the city.
Having run as a grant-aided school since it was founded, the school commenced operation in the Direct Subsidy Scheme in September 2003.
In 1860, Mrs Lydia Smith (the Bishop of Victoria's wife) and the FES (the Society for the Promotion of Female Education in the Far East) set up the Diocesan Native Female Training School, a day-school turned boarding school for native girls, affiliated with the Diocese of Victoria.
On 30 January 1869, in a bid to gain popular support, Bishop Alford issued an appeal to admit boys into the school and to turn it into an orphanage.
In July 1870, William Arthur, formerly of the Garrison School, was appointed as the headmaster and Mrs Arthur as the matron.
In July, he withdrew his proposal following pressure from William Beswick, honorary treasurer of the DHO, although the Bishop still thought it inappropriate to have boys and girls boarding in the same school campus.
It is unclear when the school was renamed the Diocesan Boys' School, although the name was used as early as 1918.
In 1949, Goodban introduced a new house system in which houses were named after former headmasters, along with the Piercy Challenge Shield.
In early 1950s, construction plans for a gymnasium, a Carnegie Hall (the old art room beside the demolished gymnasium) and a science wing were proposed.
In 1955, Canon George Zimmern, also known as George She, was appointed the next headmaster, the first Hong Kong-born old boy to be given the role.
It was decided that the primary classes should be dropped for lack of space and that a completely new primary school - Diocesan Preparatory School - would be built, although the decision was only implemented in 1969.
Based on his previous experience in the school, he restructured the administration to improve efficiency and appointed more teachers to posts with designated duties.
Chang was highly in favour of joining the DSS, but some students and most teachers opposed the DSS because they were afraid it would shut out students from poorer families.
The Diocesan Boys' School Primary Division (DBSPD) had its first, partial intake of students in 2004 and expanded its intake with students aged between 6 and 12 over the following years.
In April 2012, Diocesan Boys' School became the first secondary school in Hong Kong to have a school app on iOS and Android.
In September 2012, Chang retired and Ronnie Kay Yen Cheng – an old boy who had been the conductor of the school choirs – succeeded him as headmaster.
In 2019, the school introduced a refresh to the school uniform, with the new uniform now featuring black trousers, two new types of overcoats for winter, a new tracksuit and new shorts for physical education lessons.
After they complete the Pre-IB programme, they will enter the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP), and will graduate if they pass the IB Finals.
Originally, the school intended to admit girls into the IB course but this was later cancelled when it was faced with strong objection and protest from students and parents.
In March 2009, the school received media attention when a Form 4 student complained that he had had a nude female model as a subject in his art class, and alleged embarrassment.
The visual arts teacher, employed for 27 years, told reporters that he had been inviting nude models without any complaint for nearly ten years.
Recently, the school has won the Inter-School Swimming Competition for a record 27 consecutive years and the Inter-School Tennis Competition for a record 19 consecutive years (straight wins every year).
Athletics Team was crowned the Overall Champion for a record 7 consecutive years between 2003/04 and 2009/10, and Life Saving Team was crowned the Overall Champion for a record 23 consecutive years between 1992/93 and 2014/15.
In 2013/14, the school won a record 14 Open Grade/Overall Championships in Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Basketball, Cross Country, Fencing, Football, Handball, Indoor Rowing, Life Saving, Swimming, Tenpin Bowling, Tennis and Volleyball; a record 3 Jing Ying Team Championships in Badminton, Basketball and Football; as well as the BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl, the BOCHK Rising Star Award and the Outstanding School Award in Jing Ying Team Sports Competitions.
In 2016/17, the school won a record 14 Open Grade/Overall Championships again in Athletics, Basketball, Beach Volleyball, Cross Country, Fencing, Football, Handball, Indoor Rowing, Life Saving, Squash, Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis and Volleyball.
In 2018/19, the school won a record 6 Grand Slams in Beach Volleyball, Cross Country, Football, Indoor Rowing, Swimming and Volleyball.
In March 2003, the school football team made history by becoming the Champion of the All Hong Kong Schools Jing Ying Football Tournament as a Division Three team.
The school is the leader in terms of the number of Omega Rose Bowl/BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl won in the Boys Schools Section with 27 victories.
The BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl, previously known as Omega Rose Bowl, is the annual award to member secondary schools of the Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Secondary Schools Regional Committee achieving the best all-round performance from all sporting events organised by the Regional Committee each year.
The Diocesan Boys' School Music Department contains six choirs, a full symphony orchestra, string and wind orchestras, a Chinese orchestra, and many chamber ensembles.
The Orchestra was founded during George She's time in 1956, though before that Mr Goodban had already been promoting instrumental music within DBS.
Having performed extensively in Hong Kong, the Orchestra has collaborated with artists such as conductors Marin Alsop, Kristjan Järvi, Niel Varon and Wilson Ng; violinists Leo Phillips, Chuan-yun Li, Renée Jolles and Christoph Koncz; violist Born Lau, harpist Catherine Michel and pianist Colleen Lee.
The DBS Orchestra was awarded the Gold Prize in the Washington D.C. International Music Festival 2015 with an average score of 93.67 marks.
The orchestra performed at the Smetana Hall in Prague, Czech Republic; the Vigadó Concert Hall in Budapest, Hungary; and performed Beethoven's Symphony No.
The intermediate choirs are for students who are at the earlier stages of adolescent vocal development, while the senior choirs are for students with relatively developed voices.
The Diocesan Boys' School Chinese Orchestra (DBSCO; Chinese: 拔萃男書院國樂會) originated from a Pipa Ensemble back in the 1950s and developed into a full orchestra in the 1960s.
Since its founding, Diocesan Boys’ School Chinese Orchestra has been an active participant in the Hong Kong Schools Music Festival and captured numerous championships in the ‘Chinese Orchestra (Senior)’ category.
Currently, Dean of Culture - Mr. CHO Ka-wai (曹家偉) and Mr. WONG Ka-long (王家朗) are the teachers-in-charge of DBSCO and Mr. KWOK Hang-kei is the Principal Conductor and Art Director.
In October 1998, the Orchestra was invited by a renowned Erhu master, Professor Wong Kwok-tung (王國潼) to perform in a concert with other Chinese Orchestras in the Hong Kong City Hall.
DBSCO was awarded the Golden Band (First Prize) in the category Ensembles with free instrumentation up to 35 years and got the Grand Prix (Overall Champion) of the event.
The Prefects' Board was established in 1916 and continues to serve an important function within the school: as its oldest student organisation, prefects are an integral part of everyday school life.
They are selected from senior form students and are expected to lead the school in inter-school events, organise functions for the school and uphold discipline within the school on a daily basis.
Being tasked to enforce discipline, prefects are allowed to punish students by requiring them to copy lines from the school rules, a system that is unique in Hong Kong.
The Board is led by the Head Prefect: under him is the Second Prefect of Activities and the Second Prefect of Discipline.
Each year in December during the Christmas service, the Candlelight Ceremony signifies the transition of the previous year's board to the new board, with a new Head Prefect elected by the teachers and other Prefects.
Established at the beginning of the 21st century, the Student Council is a democratically elected body by the student population at the beginning of each academic year.
Their main function is to organise events throughout the year for students to participate in, such as inter-class competitions in sports and the end of year ball.
DBS also participates in other competitions, such as art, drama, debate, business, mathematics, computer programming and the Hong Kong Schools Speech Festival.
DBS counts a total of 11 winners of the Hong Kong Outstanding Students Awards, ranking eighth among all secondary schools in Hong Kong.
Como is a suburb in southern Sydney, located on the southern banks of the Georges River, in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
The postal locality (suburb) of Como West was originally created in 1939 from within the greater Como locality, and is bounded to the west by the Woronora River.
Circa early 1883, a small weatherboard and iron roofed building called the Woronora Hotel had been constructed by the proprietor, Mr Thomas Hanley, in response to the rapidly growing railway worker's camp situated adjacent to where they were planning to extend the Illawarra railway line across a bridge being constructed over the Georges River.
The Woronora Post Office opened on 16 May 1883, adjacent to the Woronora Hotel; this facility also being operated by Mr Hanley.
In 1922, the postal locality of Woronora was changed to Como upon a suggestion offered by Mr James Frederick Murphy, manager of the Holt-Sutherland Co. and the affairs of Thomas Holt (1811–1888), who at the time owned much of the land that stretched from Sutherland to Cronulla.
Mr Murphy likened the area to its namesake in Italy on account of its similarity to Lake Como at the foot of the Lepontine Alps and Lugano Prealps.
The Italian influence on the suburb is also reflected in many of the existing street names, which were named after various cities located throughout Italy including Genoa Street, Verona Range, Tivoli Esplanade, Ortona Parade, Novara Crescent, Pavia Road, Cremona Road and Loretta Avenue (originally named Loretto, a misspelling of the Italian city of Loreto).
Shortly after, on 10 Jul 1883 first mention of the Como Post Office appears in an article published in the Sydney Morning Herald, thus confirming the locality had already officially been renamed to Como.
On 25 Sep 1883, the NSW Government awarded the tender for timber construction of the new Worinora Public School to R.G.
On 14 Jun 1884, an article in the Australian Town & Country Journal notes that Mr Hanley had enlarged a room at the Woronora Hotel to cater as an assembly hall and theatre for the now hundreds of women and children encamped nearby.
The article also mentions that the Como Public School grounds were soon to be improved, thus confirming the school name had also been officially changed to Como.
Murphy's Pleasure Grounds would later be reclaimed for public use and is generally known as the Como Pleasure Grounds to this day.
After James F. Murphy died, his estate provided scholarships for young men studying agricultural science at St John's College Sydney and the Hawkesbury Agricultural College.
In January 1887, the first (presumed small) version of George Agnew's Como Hotel had been constructed — however only in a non-liquor capacity.
This small first establishment would last around two years, until the much larger second version build began in March 1888 (see the version one timeline below for full details).
In March 1888, tenders were called for the construction of a major 20-room hotel at Como, by master building contractor Robert Fielding (on behalf of George Agnew).
However, this decision had been made at the same time when the majority of the temporary railway workers with their families had already begun moving out of Como and heading further south with the ongoing extension of the Illawarra railway line.
In effect, George was building a bigger, grander hotel that would be reliant on a rapidly dwindling population to survive — in hindsight, a very poor business decision.
Unsurprisingly, with the 1890 Depression in full swing there were no takers for an expensive-to-run hotel, especially in a tiny town with a declining populace and no public school.
With no further takers after more advertisement in October 1890, George Agnew was forced to apply himself for a Publicans' License.
By 1894, George Agnew was still in financial difficulty, being forced to sell all his household furniture and effects from his Como residence.
The second establishment of the Como Hotel was frequented by the Australian poet Henry Lawson, who lived at Como in the early 1900s.
In 1939, the Como West Post Office was opened, along with the first classroom(s) at the new Como West Public School.
The iconic, second version of the Como Hotel was destroyed on 3 November 1996, after an electrical fault in the restaurant kitchen started a massive blaze.
By early 1884, the Murphy brothers partnership had built and were managing the first commercial boat house and boat hire facilities at Como being located just east of where the rail bridge over the Georges River was later to be constructed.
Como had also been developing a reputation (reported in the newspapers of the time) for skilled boat building, with suitable facilities located on the south bank of the Georges River, also near where the future rail bridge was to be built.
She was built by Mr Harry Stephens for Messrs C. & E. Miller (one of the Illawarra Railway Line contractors) and was intended to carry railway materials from South Australian ports.
On 16 Feb 1894, it was reported in the Evening News (Sydney) that the boat hire business of H.C. Press & Sons was forced to close down their operations, following a successful Court appeal against their application for Lease by their main competition - James F. Murphy & F.S.E.
On 17 May 1894, it was reported in the Sydney Morning Herald that another boat hire operator, Mr John H. Wills, had been successful in obtaining a lease on the western side of the Como Station for a boat shed and wharf.
Their impressive facilities were located immediately adjacent to the eastern side of the southern bridge abutment (just west of Murphy's Boat House facilities) and can clearly be seen in numerous historical images of the time.
Circa 1905/1906, advertisements for H.C. Press & Sons Ball Room & Boat Hire facilities at Como cease, instead advertising their other Woolloomooloo Bay boating facilities.
C. and M. Millar won the contract to build the section from Redfern to Waterfall, crossing the Georges River and into the Holt-Sutherland Estate via the Double Bay paddock.
On 26 December 1885 the original single-track Como railway bridge spanning the Georges River began first services, with the opening of the bridge and single platform railway station at Como.
Rather alarmingly, it was not until 19 Jan 1886 (a month after opening) that the New South Wales Government Railway testing engineer carried out an initial load strength safety test on the bridge.
Also of interest is the media report on 2 Mar 1886 (3 months after the official opening) that construction of the initial station building was still underway.
The natural environment at Como made it popular for river cruises, and holiday makers and trains were reported as being overcrowded on their first day of service along the newly extended section reaching to Sutherland.
In addition, a larger station building on the western station platform replaced the much smaller one that had originally stood on the single eastern platform.
Since 1942, the original Georges River rail bridge has carried Sydney Water's pipeline, which runs from Woronora Dam to the Penshurst Reservoirs.
It eliminated the bottleneck imposed by the original Gauntlet track design which had limited service numbers on the increasingly busy Sutherland line.
There appear to be no newspaper records relating to its initial construction, and no references that could help determine whether it was demolished outright and totally replaced by the second, much larger Edwardian styled version, or was simply incorporated into the second build (though that seems unlikely, given that the second version built circa 1888-1889 used 160,000 bricks in its ground floor).
Tenders sought by building contractor Robert Fielding were called during Dec 1889-Feb 1890 for sub-contractors to supply large quantities of building materials & carry out associated works, including delivery of 160,000 bricks, quarrying local stone, providing and erecting large quantities of iron posts, railings & ornamental castings, providing plumbing & plastering work etc.
First proprietor George Agnew must have spent so much in building the establishment that he was forced to advertise for a buyer/lessee soon after he had opened it.
However, having failed to get a suitable buyer/lessee for his hotel after four months (Jul 1890 to Oct 1890), he himself was forced to apply for a Conditional Publican's License, while continuing to search for a buyer/lessee.
By the time Paul Buchholz had bought out the License on 16 Feb 1905, he had become the 12th Licensee in only 13½ years (exclusive of the 1st owner/Licensee, George Agnew).
The four-storey white stucco, brick and timber hotel in Cremona Road at the southern end of the Como railway bridge, has been a landmark of the Georges River foreshores since the 1880s.
In recent weeks controversy has raged in the Como community about plans by the owners to erect a four-storey building of 42 flats and a carpark behind the hotel.
(footnote - the article is mistaken in stating this version of the Como Hotel was Established in the 1880s - it should read from 1890).
Although the idea had been proposed in the early years, no road bridge was ever constructed across the George's River at Como.
The Como Hotel is an Edwardian styled hotel which was extensively rebuilt in 2001 after a large fire had destroyed the original 2nd version back in November 1996.
Picnickers & families with children are well catered for with the expanded play area facilities, lawns & seating in and around the Como Pleasure Grounds.
The site of the first school (with adjacent flagpole and school masters house) can clearly be seen in a photo of the area, taken circa 1894 AFTER the school had been closed down for good).
Como also features a number of parks, including Scylla Bay Oval (home to the successful Como-Jannali Crocodiles) and the historic Como Pleasure Grounds, home to the Como Swimming Club, with swimming baths and a freshwater pool.
It was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 12 February 1982 for shipments in excess of 60,000 copies.
The cover shows a computer terminal (apparently based on one made by the Hazeltine Corporation) displaying the heads of the four band members.
Alessandro Pavolini (September 27, 1903 – April 28, 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and essayist, notable for his involvement in the Fascist government, during World War II, and also, for his cruelty against the opponents of fascism.
A native of Florence, Pavolini was the son of Paolo Emilio Pavolini, a major scholar of Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages.
After joining Benito Mussolini's movement in Florence, he took part in several actions of the Blackshirts, and led a squad during the 1922 March on Rome – the moment when Fascism took over in Italy.
After becoming a member of the national PNF leadership in 1932, he moved on from local politics to become the president of the Fascist Confederation of Professionals and Artists, which propelled him to a leadership position in the Council of Corporations.
Minister of Popular Culture (Minculpop in short) meant in fact Ministry of Propaganda and Pavolini had an iron grip on what the press could or could not publish.
Minculpop also tackled the cinema industry (the famous and very creative Cinecitta studios in Rome were created by Mussolini's will to act as a counter against Hollywood productions; the Venice film festival is also a creation of the fascist period).
The Allied invasion of Sicily and the ousting of Mussolini in Rome brought Nazi intervention and the proclamation of a new fascist puppet state, the northern Italian Social Republic.
Pavolini was captured after a desperate escape attempt which saw him swimming across Lake Como and then trapped in a Mexican standoff over a half submerged rock.
Before burial, his body was hung upside down in public, along with Mussolini, Mussolini's mistress Clara Petacci, the former Party Secretary Achille Starace, Nicola Bombacci and others in Piazzale Loreto, Milan.
The New Hamburg station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, serving the communities of Wappingers Falls, New York, and the town of Poughkeepsie, New York.
Another notable fact about the station is that the distance between it and Poughkeepsie — — is the longest such distance between stations on the Hudson Line (on any Metro-North main line, in fact) and the third-longest system-wide.
The Hudson River Railroad was built through New Hamburg in 1849, opening on December 6, in order to expand the Troy and Greenbush Railroad from the Albany area to New York City.
Earlier attempts to build the railroad in 1848 were delayed by a fatal cholera outbreak among railroad workers between 1848 and 1849.
Old photographs show a grade crossing used to exist here; since the line was double-tracked in 1928, however, getting from one end of Main Street to the other has required a detour via nearby Bridge Street.
In April 1973, the Penn Central Railroad (PC) announced planned to close flag stops, including New Hamburg, Oscawanna, Manitou and Chelsea stations on the Hudson Line due to low ridership.
The stops were initially supposed to be closed on April 29, but the date was pushed back to May 9 due to a 90-day freeze imposed by Congress on the status of railroad crews.
This change was opposed by a group of New Hamburg commuters led by Frank Lucas, who attested that the station's usage was 15 to 20 daily passengers, not the 2 indicated by PC figures.
On June 7, 1973, the Penn Central Railroad announced that the station would close along with the Oscawanna, Manitou and Chelsea stations on the Hudson Line due to low ridership on July 2, 1973.
This announcement strongly disturbed two state legislators from Dutchess County, who stated that the MTA had indicated that no decision had been reached in a letter from the previous month, due to the inconvenience its closure would result in, and because of the short notice of the announcement.
Its proposal entailed the installation of new platforms, lighting, and parking for 100 cars, and the construction of a pedestrian overpass to replace the tunnel, which was boarded up due to flooding.
County Legilator Joseph Poillucci said that he would only be willing to sponsor the project if it could be cut to less than $100,000.
After the meeting, Lois Sackelos created the New Hamburg Station Citizen's Committee to determine the minimum investment needed to get the station into acceptable use and how to finance it.
It proposed eliminating the shelter for passengers, reducing the amount of lighting being called for, using the existing passenger tunnel with the installation of pumps, and the paving over of the existing platform instead of building a new one.
The MTA assured Sackelos that trains could start stopping immediately if funding was provided and if the MTA approved of the plan.
The MTA cut the cost estimate for the station in March 1980 from $180,000 to $65,000 for a scaled down plan, accepting the basic concept of the committee's plan.
The MTA called for the construction of a four-car platform for $25,000, while the group's proposal called for the construction of a three-car long platform for $9,000 to $10,000.
In April 1980, the MTA agreed to pay for the remainder of the station work if the County provided $15,000 for the parking lot.
In April 1980, the Dutchess County Legislature appropriated $3,000 to reopen the station, with an additional $15,000 to pave the parking lot, provide lighting and repair the tunnel under the tracks.
That month, County Legislator Joseph Poillucci requested that the station be reopened after receiving a petition signed by 800 people from the Sackelos' citizens group.
In April 1981, the Dutchess County Legislature held a vote on the contract between the MTA and Dutchess County to reopen the station.
It had taken a year to negotiate the contract, which requires that the county pay $15,000 to repair the stop prior to its reopening.
The station reopened on October 17, 1981 after the MTA took over the line after efforts led by New Hamburg resident Lois Sackelos, and County Legislator Joseph Poillucci.
The reopening of the station was appreciated by commuters, but not with all local residents, who believed that it was hurting the town's character as noise, traffic and litter increased.
Ridership during this period increased to 207 in 1985, 354 in 1987 and 401 in 1989, following a drastic increase in ridership on the Upper Hudson Line.
On July 12, 1988, Metro-North announced plans to build 80 new parking spaces around the station for $140,000 so the lot could accommodate 360 cars.
On January 19, 1993, Dutchess County's new LOOP bus service began stopping at New Hamburg to connect with five morning trains and six evening trains in order to ease station parking.
On March 22, 1994, Metro-North agreed to add more parking at the station after local officials threatened to delay $954 in railroad improvements.
On April 27, 1994, the Poughkeepsie Town Board passed a law prohibiting parking in New Hamburg Park as commuters had started parking there due to a parking shortage.
By June 40 spaces were to be added to the 452-space lot by repainting the lot, and additional 40 were to be added by December.
Kalākaua (November 16, 1836 – January 20, 1891), born David Laʻamea Kamananakapu Mahinulani Naloiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and sometimes called The Merrie Monarch, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.
At his coronation and his birthday jubilee, the hula that had been banned from public in the kingdom became a celebration of Hawaiian culture.
Two of Kalākaua's projects, the statue of Kamehameha I and the rebuilding of ʻIolani Palace, were expensive endeavors but are popular tourist attractions today.
Extravagant expenditures and his plans for a Polynesian confederation played into the hands of annexationists who were already working towards a United States takeover of Hawaiʻi.
He had faith in his sister Liliʻuokalani's abilities to rule as regent when he named her as his heir-apparent following the death of their brother, William Pitt Leleiohoku, in 1877.
Kalākaua was born at 2:00 a.m. on November 16, 1836, to Caesar Kaluaiku Kapaʻakea and Analea Keohokālole in the grass hut compound belonging to his maternal grandfather ʻAikanaka, at the base of Punchbowl Crater in Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu.
From his biological parents, he descended from Keaweaheulu and Kameʻeiamoku, two of the five royal counselors of Kamehameha I during his conquest of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.
Kameʻeiamoku, the grandfather of both his mother and father, was one of the royal twins alongside Kamanawa depicted on the Hawaiian coat of arms.
The second surviving child of a large family, his biological siblings included his elder brother James Kaliokalani, and younger siblings Lydia Kamakaʻeha (later renamed Liliʻuokalani), Anna Kaʻiulani, Kaʻiminaʻauao, Miriam Likelike and William Pitt Leleiohoku II.
Kinimaka would later marry Pai, a subordinate Tahitian chiefess, who treated Kalākaua as her own until the birth of her own son.
At the age of four, Kalākaua returned to Oʻahu to begin his education at the Chiefs' Children's School (later renamed the Royal School).
He and his classmates had been formally proclaimed by Kamehameha III as eligible for the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
His classmates included his siblings James Kaliokalani and Lydia Kamakaʻeha and their thirteen royal cousins including the future kings Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V and Lunalilo.
At the school, Kalākaua became fluent in English and the Hawaiian language and was noted for his fun and humor rather than his academic prowess.
In October 1840, their paternal grandfather Kamanawa II requested his grandsons to visit him on the night before his execution for the murder of his wife Kamokuiki.
The next morning the Cookes allowed the guardian of the royal children John Papa ʻĪʻī to bring Kaliokalani and Kalākaua to see Kamanawa for the last time.
Later sources, especially in biographies of Kalākaua indicated that the boys witnessed the public hanging of their grandfather at the gallows.
Historian Helena G. Allen noted the indifference the Cookes' had toward the request and the traumatic experience it must have been for the boys.
After the Cookes retired and closed the school in 1850, he briefly studied at Joseph Watt's English school for native children at Kawaiahaʻo and later joined the relocated day school (also called Royal School) run by Reverend Edward G. Beckwith.
He received his earliest military training under the Prussian officer, Major Francis Funk, who instilled an admiration of the Prussian military system.
In 1852, Prince Liholiho, who would later reign as Kamehameha IV, appointed Kalakaua as one of his aide-de-camp on his military staff.
In the army, Kalākaua served as first lieutenant in his father Kapaʻakea's militia of 240 men and later worked as military secretary to Major John William Elliott Maikai, the adjutant general of the army.
He was promoted to major and assigned to the personal staff of Kamehameha IV when the king ascended to the throne in 1855.
In the fall of 1860, when he was Chief Clerk of the kingdom's Department of the Interior, Kalākaua accompanied Prince Lot, high chief Levi Haʻalelea and Hawaii's Consul for Peru, Josiah C. Spalding, on a two-month tour of British Columbia and California.
He was also appointed to the House of Nobles, the upper body of the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1858, serving there until 1873.
He served as 3rd Chief Clerk of the Department of the Interior in 1859 under Prince Lot who was Minister of the Interior before becoming king in 1863.
In 1870, he was admitted to the Hawaiian bar and was hired as a clerk in the Land Office, a post he held until he came to the throne.
Kalākaua was briefly engaged to marry Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, the younger sister of Kamehameha IV and Kamehameha V. However, the match was terminated when the princess decided to renew her on-and-off betrothal to her cousin Lunalilo.
Kalākaua would later fall in love with Kapiʻolani, the young widow of Bennett Nāmākēhā, the uncle of Kamehameha IV's wife Queen Emma.
Under the 1864 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii, if the king did not appoint a successor, a new king would be appointed by the legislature to begin a new royal line of succession.
There were several candidates for the Hawaiian throne including Bernice Pauahi Bishop, who had been asked to succeed to the throne by Kamehameha V on his deathbed but had declined the offer.
Lunalilo was more popular, partly because he was a higher-ranking chief than Kalākaua and was the immediate cousin of Kamehameha V. Lunalilo was also the more liberal of the two—he promised to amend the constitution to give the people a greater voice in the government.
According to historian Ralph S. Kuykendall, there was an enthusiasm among Lunalilo's supporters to have him declared king without holding an election.
In response, Lunalilo issued a proclamation stating that, even though he believed himself to be the rightful heir to the throne, he would submit to an election for the good of the kingdom.
Lunalilo won with an overwhelming majority while Kalākaua performed extremely poorly receiving 12 votes out of the more than 11,000 votes cast.
During the ʻIolani Barracks mutiny by the Royal Guards of Hawaii in September 1873, Kalākaua was suspected to have incited the native guards to rebel against their white officers.
Lunalilo responded to the insurrection by disbanding the military unit altogether, leaving Hawaii without a standing army for the remainder of his reign.
On the other hand, Kalākaua and his political cohorts actively campaigned for him to be named successor in the event of the king's death.
She had strong ties to the United States through her marriage to wealthy American businessman Charles Reed Bishop who also served as one of Lunalilo's cabinet ministers.
When Lunalilo became ill several months after his election, Native Hawaiians counseled with him to appoint a successor to avoid another election.
He failed to act on the issue of a successor, and died on February 3, 1874, setting in motion a bitter election.
While Lunalilo did not think of himself as a Kamehameha, his election continued the Kamehameha line to some degree making him the last of the monarchs of the Kamehameha dynasty.
The election was held on February 12, and Kalākaua was elected by the Legislative Assembly by a margin of thirty-nine to six.
His election provoked the Honolulu Courthouse riot where supporters of Queen Emma targeted legislators who supported Kalākaua; thirteen legislators were injured.
The kingdom was without an army since the mutiny the year before and many police officers sent to quell the riot joined the mob or did nothing.
Unable to control the mob, Kalākaua and Lunalilo's former ministers had to request the aid of American and British military forces docked in the harbor to put down the uprising.
Given the unfavorable political climate following the riot, Kalākaua was quickly sworn in the following day, in a ceremony witnessed by government officials, family members, foreign representatives and some spectators.
This inauguration ceremony was held at Kīnaʻu Hale, the residence of the Royal Chamberlain, instead of Kawaiahaʻo Church, as was customary.
When Leleiohoku II died in 1877, Kalākaua changed the name of his sister Lydia Dominis to Liliuokalani and designated her as his heir-apparent.
From March to May 1874, he toured the main Hawaiian Islands of Kauai, Maui, Hawaii Island, Molokai and Oahu and visited the Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement.
This free trade agreement between the United States and Hawaii, allowed sugar and other products to be exported to the US duty free.
He led the Reciprocity Commission consisting of sugar planter Henry A. P. Carter of C. Brewer & Co., Hawaii Chief Justice Elisha Hunt Allen, and Minister of Foreign Affairs William Lowthian Green.
The state dinner in his honor hosted by President Ulysses S. Grant was the first White House state dinner ever held.
Many in the Hawaii business community were willing to cede Pearl Harbor to the United States in exchange for the treaty, but Kalākaua was opposed to the idea.
Ratifications by both parties took two years and eleven months, and were exchanged on December 9, 1887, extending the agreement for an additional seven years.
The Education of Hawaiian Youths Abroad was a government-funded educational program during Kalākaua's reign to help students further their education beyond the institutions available in Hawaii at that time.
Between 1880 and 1887, Kalākaua selected 18 students for enrollment in a university or apprenticeship to a trade, outside the Kingdom of Hawaii.
King Kalākaua and his boyhood friends William Nevins Armstrong and Charles Hastings Judd, along with personal cook Robert von Oelhoffen, circumnavigated the globe in 1881.
There they spent four months opening contract labor dialogue in Japan and China, while sightseeing and spreading goodwill through nations that were potential sources for workers.
Their most productive immigration talks were in Portugal, where Armstrong stayed behind to negotiate an expansion of Hawaii's existing treaty with the government.
Before embarking on a train ride across the United States, Kalākaua visited Thomas Edison for a demonstration of electric lighting, discussing its potential use in Honolulu.
He had brought the small island nation to the attention of world leaders, but the trip had sparked rumors that the kingdom was for sale.
The first palace was a coral and wood structure which served primarily as office space for the kingdom's monarchs beginning with Kamehameha III in 1845.
By the time Kalākaua became king, the structure had decayed, and he ordered it destroyed to be replaced with a new building.
During the 1878 session of the legislature Finance Chairman Walter Murray Gibson, a political supporter of Kalākaua's, pushed through appropriations of $50,000 for the new palace.
December 31, 1879, the 45th birthday of Queen Kapiʻolani, was the date Kalākaua chose for the ceremonial laying of the cornerstone.
In between the laying of the cornerstone and the finishing of the new palace, Kalākaua had seen how other monarchs lived.
Immediately upon completion, the king invited all 120 members of Lodge Le Progres de L'Oceanie to the palace for a lodge meeting.
At the same time, the newspaper rebuked many of the recent actions and policies not only of Gibson but of the King's cabinet in general.
Following the ceremony, Kalākaua unveiled the Kamehameha Statue in front of Aliiolani Hale, the government building, with Gibson delivering the unveiling speech.
Originally intended for the centennial of Captain James Cook's landing in Hawaii, the statue, which was the brainchild of Gibson, had been cast by Thomas Ridgeway Gould but had been lost during shipment off the Falkland Islands.
By the time the replica arrived, the intended date had passed, and it was decided to unveil the statue as part of the coronation ceremony.
A further $7,000 was allocated for the second statue with an additional $4,000 from the insurance money spent to add four bas relief panels depicting historic moments during Kamehamena's reign.
Due to weather conditions, the planned illumination of the palace and grounds for the day of the coronation happened a week later, and the public was invited to attend.
At this time, United States gold coins had been accepted for any debt over $50; any debt under $50 was payable by US silver coins.
In 1880, the legislature passed a currency law that allowed it to purchase bullion for the United States mint to produce Hawaii's own coins.
When Hawaii's silver coins began circulating in December 1883, the business community was reluctant to accept them, fearing they would drive US gold coins out of the market.
He and Minister of the Interior Luther Aholo put forth a motion for the legislature to form a committee to oversee the birthday jubilee on September 20.
At sunrise, the kingdom's police force arrived at ʻIolani Palace to pay tribute, followed by the king's Cabinet, Supreme Court justices, the kingdom's diplomats, and officials of government departments.
Throughout the next two weeks, there was a regatta, a Jubilee ball, a luau, athletic competitions, a state dinner, and a marksmanship contest won by the Honolulu Rifles.
During the early part of his reign, Kalākaua restored the Household Guards which had been defunct since his predecessor Lunalilo abolished the unit in 1874.
Initially the king created three volunteer companies: the Leleiohoku Guard, a cavalry unit; the Prince's Own, an artillery unit; and the Hawaiian Guards, an infantry unit.
By the latter part of his reign, the army of the Kingdom of Hawaii consisted of six volunteer companies including: the King's Own, the Queen's Own, the Prince's Own, the Leleiohoku Guard, the Mamalahoa Guard and the Honolulu Rifles, and the regular troops of the King's Household Guard.
The ranks of these regiments were composed mainly of Hawaiian and part-Hawaiian officers with a few white officers including his brother-in-law John Owen Dominis.
The king and the governor of Oahu also had their own personal staff of military officers with the ranks of colonel and major.
Dominis was appointed lieutenant general and commander-in-chief and other officers were commissioned while the king was made the supreme commander and generalissimo of the Hawaiian Army.
The idea of Hawaii's involvement in the internal affairs of Polynesian nations had been around at least two decades before Kalākaua's election, when Australian Charles St Julian volunteered to be a political liaison to Hawaii in 1853.
Kalākaua's interest in forming a Polynesian coalition, with him at the head, was influenced by both Walter M. Gibson and Italian soldier of fortune Celso Caesar Moreno.
In 1883, he introduced the approved legislation to convey in writing to foreign governments that Hawaii fully supported the independence of Polynesian nations.
In 1885, Gibson dispatched Minister to the United States Henry A. P. Carter to Washington D. C. and Europe to convey Hawaii's intentions towards Polynesia.
He pushed for direct intervention into a political upheaval in Samoa, where the German Empire backed rebels under their leader Tamasese in an attempt to overthrow King Malietoa Laupepa.
United States special commissioner to Samoa, George H. Bates advised Kalākaua that Hawaii should mind its own business and stay out of Samoan affairs.
Instead, Hawaii sent a delegation headed by John E. Bush to Samoa, where Samoan King Malietoa Laupepa signed a Samoan-Hawaiian confederation treaty on February 17, 1887.
Bush also presented Malietoa with the Royal Order of the Star of Oceania, which Kalakaua had created to honor the monarchs and chiefs of the Polynesian confederation.
He stated that King Kalākaua appointed cabinet members not for their ability to do the job, but for their ability to bend to his will.
Dole placed much of the blame on Gibson, and accused Kalākaua of taking a bribe of $71,000 from Tong Kee to grant an opium license, an action done via one of the king's political allies Junius Kaʻae.
Kaʻae had suggested to rice planter Tong Kee, also known as Aki, that a monetary gift to the king might help him acquire it.
The license was eventually awarded to Chun who withheld his payment until the license was actually signed over to him on December 31, 1886.
However, other liabilities and outstanding debt forced him to sign his debt over to trustees who would control all of Kalākaua's private estates and Crown Land revenues.
Anticipating a coup d'état, the king took measures to save himself by dismissing Gibson and his entire cabinet on June 28.
The new appointed cabinet members were William Lowthian Green as prime minister and minister of finance, Clarence W. Ashford as attorney general, Lorrin A. Thurston as minister of the interior, and Godfrey Brown as minister of foreign affairs.
He felt betrayed by people he once trusted and had told her that everywhere he went he was under constant surveillance.
The Bayonet Constitution allowed the King to appoint his cabinet but placed that cabinet under the sole authority of the legislature.
The new constitution restricted suffrage only to Hawaiian, American or European men residing in Hawaii, if they were 21 years old, literate with no back unpaid taxes, and would take an oath to support the law of the land.
By placing a new minimum qualifier of $3,000 in property ownership and a minimum income of $600 for voters of the House of Nobles, the new constitution disqualified many poor Native Hawaiians from voting for half of the legislature.
On July 30, 1889, however, he and Robert Napuʻuako Boyd, another state-sponsored student, led a rebellion aimed at restoring the 1864 constitution, and, thereby, the king's power.
Kalākaua, possibly fearing Wilcox intended to force him to abdicate in favor of his sister, was not in the palace when the insurrection happened.
Minister of Foreign Affairs John Adams Cummins reported the trip was solely for the king's health and would not extend beyond California.
Local newspapers and British commissioner Wodehouse worried the king might go farther east to Washington, DC, to negotiate a continued cession of Pearl Harbor to the United States after the expiration of the reciprocity treaty or possible annexation of the kingdom.
His sister Liliʻuokalani, after unsuccessfully dissuading him from departing, wrote he meant to discuss the McKinley Tariff with the Hawaiian ambassador to the United States HenryA.P.Carter in Washington.
Traveling throughout Southern California and Northern Mexico, he suffered a minor stroke in Santa Barbara and was rushed back to San Francisco.
He was given a tonic of Vin Mariani that got him on his feet, and was accompanied to the rites by an escort from the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.
Shortly before his death his voice was recorded on a phonograph cylinder, which is now in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
After a state funeral in California and a second one in Honolulu, the king's remains were buried in the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla on February 15, 1891.
In a ceremony officiated by his sister Liliʻuokalani on June 24, 1910, his remains, and those of his family, were transferred to the underground Kalākaua Crypt after the main mausoleum building had been converted into a chapel.
Kalākaua's reign is generally regarded as the first Hawaiian Renaissance, for both his influence on Hawaii's music, and for other contributions he made to reinvigorate Hawaiian culture.
He issued an invitation to all Hawaiians with knowledge of the old meles and chants to participate in the coronation, and arranged for musicologist A. Marques to observe the celebrations.
Kalākaua's cultural legacy lives on in the Merrie Monarch Festival, a large-scale annual hula competition in Hilo, Hawaii, begun in 1964 and named in his honor.
The Hawaiian Board of Health (different from the governmental Board of Health) passed by the 1886 legislature consisted of five Native Hawaiians, appointed by Kalākaua, who oversaw the licensing and regulation of the traditional practice of native healing arts.
He also appointed Emma Kaili Metcalf Beckley Nakuina as the first Native Hawaiian curator of the Hawaiian National Museum and increased funding for the institution.
The original Hale Naua had not been active since Kamehameha I, when it had functioned as a genealogical research organization for claims of royal lineage.
When Kalākaua reactivated it, he expanded its purpose to encompass Hawaiian culture as well as modern-day arts and sciences and included women as equals.
The ranks of the society grew to more than 200 members, and was a political support for Kalākaua that lasted until his death in 1891.
The ukulele was introduced to the Hawaiian islands during the reign of Kalākaua, by Manuel Nunes, José do Espírito Santo, and Augusto Dias, Portuguese immigrants from Madeira and Cape Verde.
According to American journalist Mary Hannah Krout and Hawaii resident Isobel Osbourne Strong, wife of artist Joseph Dwight Strong and stepdaughter of Robert Louis Stevenson, he would often play the ukulele and perform meles for his visitors, accompanied by his personal musical group Kalākaua's Singing Boys (aka King's Singing Boys).
The King David Kalakaua Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 under its former name U.S. Post Office, Customhouse, and Courthouse.
In 1985, a bronze statue of Kalākaua was donated to the City and County of Honolulu to commemorate the 100-year anniversary of the arrival of the first Japanese laborers after the king's visit to Japan.
The statue was designed and created by musician Palani Vaughan, architect Leland Onekea and Native Hawaiian sculptor Sean Kekamakupaa Kaonohiokalani Lee Loy Browne.
It is from Grand Central Terminal, the travel time from which varies depending on run, ranging from 1 hour and 10 minutes (super-express runs) to 1 hour and 15–18 minutes (trains making all local stops north of ) and 1 hour and 25–30 minutes (trains making all local stops north of Croton-Harmon and some lower Hudson stops, such as and ).
It is a wheelchair accessible station, featuring wheelchair ramps, an elevator to the train platform, and a high-level island platform which is level with the doors on the train (for many years, most Upper Hudson Line stations had platforms that were lower than the train doors).
In September 4, 1866, the Dutchess and Columbia Railroad was established with the hope of running from the south side of Fishkill Creek northeast and north to meet the New York and Harlem Railroad at Craryville, New York.
The first station at Dutchess Junction, which was shared by the NYC&HR and D&C was burned down in April 1876, and rebuilt.
In 1881 the New York and New England Railroad built a ferry port near Fishkill Landing station, and added a connecting spur along the north side of the Fishkill Creek (now known as the Beacon Secondary) leading to what became Wickopee Junction, and turned it over to the ND&C.
Dutchess Junction station would face another fire in 1893, and was replaced by little more than a sheltered shed which lasted only into the 1950s.
The New York and New England ferry terminal was bought by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, along with the rest of the NY&NE in 1898.
In 1905 the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad acquired the ND&C, and in 1907 merged it into the Central New England Railway, which itself was acquired by the New Haven Railroad system in 1904, and allowed to operate under its own name until 1927.
Between 1913 and 1915, the original HRR line was realigned, and the station was rebuilt in order to accommodate both the New York Central Railroad Hudson Division, as well as the connecting spur of the ND&C along the north side of Fishkill Creek.
Since Fishkill Landing was consolidated into the City of Beacon in 1913, the new station would be called Beacon as well.
By 1916, the ND&C was moved from the southeast side of Fishkill Creek to the north side of the creek, and the original section between Dutchess Junction and Wickopee Junction was gradually abandoned in the 1930s.
The decline in railroad service during the post-WW II era affected Beacon station as it did with much of the country, but other forces also put the station at risk.
Winter freezes along the Hudson (including one that stranded a ferry boat in the Hudson River), and the construction of the Newburgh–Beacon Bridge brought ferry service at the station to an end.
New York Central merged with their long time rival Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 to form Penn Central Railroad, then acquired the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1969, including the former ND&C.
Amtrak took over intercity passenger service in 1971, but Beacon station continued to serve only Penn Central Hudson Line commuter trains which by that time ran to Poughkeepsie, subsidized by the MTA.
A fire in 1976 destroyed the station built by New York Central in 1913, which was demolished later than year to create more parking capacity.
Conrail took over Penn Central in 1976 continued to operate Hudson Line trains until Metro-North Commuter Railroad assumed operation in 1983.
On October 17, 2005, ferry service to the station from Newburgh resumed after 42 years in which the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge had sufficed to bring people across the river.
This has allowed the MTA to essentially increase the available parking for the station with little new construction due to the availability of land on the Newburgh waterfront.
Rail and ferry service at Beacon was severely disrupted by Hurricane Irene in 2011 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012, but not obliterated.
Gymea is located 26 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.
The Gymea Lily has been adopted as a symbol of the area and features on the crest of many local organisations.
Development in the area has eradicated most of the lilies but many can still be found, a few kilometres south, in the Royal National Park.
Over the last decade it has become a popular shopping and 'café culture' district with many cafés, restaurants, boutiques and gourmet food shops opened along Gymea Bay Road.
Gymea railway station is on the Cronulla branch of the Illawarra railway line, part of the Sydney Trains network, which provides regular rail services to the city.
The suburb has one public primary school, Gymea North Public School; a Catholic primary school, St Catherine Labouré Primary; a secondary school, Gymea Technology High School; and the Sydney Montessori School for pre-primary, primary and secondary students.
Many children in Gymea attend schools in Gymea Bay, especially Gymea Bay Public School(the largest primary school in the Sutherland Shire), and Kirrawee.
Gymea is home to the Hazelhurst Regional Gallery and Arts Centre, which features art galleries, art studios, a theatrette, gardens, meeting rooms, gallery shop and cafe.
Like many suburbs in the Sutherland Shire, Gymea maintains an active culture of youth sport and has well-established cricket, rugby league, swimming (Gymea Bay Amateur Swimming Club), football (Gymea United FC, which is currently the largest club in the Oceania region), and netball clubs.
Australian writer Scot McPhie named his collection of poetry published in 1999 'Gymea', after living near the suburb in the 1990s.
The New South Wales Corps (sometimes called The Rum Corps) was formed in England in 1789 as a permanent regiment to relieve the New South Wales Marine Corps, who had accompanied the First Fleet to Australia.
The regiment was formed in England in June 1789 as a permanent unit to relieve the New South Wales Marine Corps, who had accompanied the First Fleet to Australia.
Although drafts were sent from Britain to reinforce the regiment throughout its time in Australia, full strength was never to exceed 500.
A fourth company was raised from those Marines wishing to remain in New South Wales under Captain George Johnston, who had been Governor Arthur Phillip's aide-de-camp.
After the poor crops of 1793 he cut the rations of the convicts but not those of the Corps, overturning Phillip's policy of equal rations for all.
In a connived attempt to improve agricultural production and make the colony more self-sufficient, Grose turned away from collective farming and made generous land grants to officers of the Corps.
Grose also relaxed Phillip's prohibition on trading of rum (sometimes a generic term for any form of distilled beverage, usually made from wheat), usually from Bengal.
The colony, like many British territories at the time, was short of coins, and rum soon became the medium of trade.
Due to poor health Grose returned to England in December 1794 and Captain William Paterson assumed temporary command until a permanent replacement, Governor John Hunter, arrived in September 1795.
Paterson had obtained his commission with the backing of Sir Joseph Banks because he was interested in natural history and would explore and collect samples for Banks and the Royal Society.
Governor Hunter attempted unsuccessfully to use the troops of the Corps to guard imported rum and stop the officers from buying it up.
Attempts to stop the importation were also thwarted by the failure of other governments to co-operate and by the Corps' officers chartering of a Danish ship to bring in a large shipment of rum from India.
Hunter also tried to start up a public store with goods from England to provide competition and stabilise the price of goods, but Hunter was not a good businessman and supplies were too erratic.
He also issued an order restricting the amount of convict labour that officers could use, but again had no means to enforce it.
In 1799 Paterson, now a Lieutenant Colonel, returned from England with orders to stamp out the trading in rum by officers of the Corps.
In 1800 he charged Major George Johnston, who had also served as Hunter's aide-de-camp, with giving a sergeant part payment in rum at an exorbitant rate.
The English courts decided that colonial affairs were not a matter for them and, as all the evidence and witnesses were in Sydney, that any trial should be held there.
They also decided that, as proper court martial could not be constituted in Sydney, no further action should be taken against Johnston.
He had the power to levy an excise duty on alcohol, and the Transit Board now required all ships to lodge a bond which was forfeit for disobeying the Governor's orders, which included the prohibition of the landing of more than 500 gallons of rum.
King also encouraged private importers and traders, opened a public brewery in 1804, and introduced a schedule of values for Indian copper and Spanish pieces of eight which were used as currency; there was still a serious problem keeping the coin in the colony despite it being valued higher than its face value.
King's actions were not wholly effective but they still antagonised officers of the Corps, and like Hunter he was the subject of pamphlets and attacks.
Late on 4 March 1804, a great number of Irish rebels rose up at the government farm at Castle Hill, armed themselves with muskets and pikes from surrounding farms, and planned to sack Parramatta and take Sydney Town.
Some say they then intended to take ships and sail back to Ireland, others say the intention was to declare the Republic of New Ireland two weeks later on St. Patrick's Day.
An alarm at around 11pm raised Major Johnston from his sleep; he then led 29 soldiers of the New South Wales Corps on a forced march from their barracks at Annandale to Parramatta.
They arrived around dawn and then later in the morning, with 50 militia of the Loyal Volunteers, they pursued the rebels who were now heading to Green Hills, today's Windsor.
At a feigned meeting with the rebels aided by a priest as lure, Johnston took the ringleaders hostage and when they and their men refused to surrender, to the shouts of 'death or liberty' the troops quickly put down the revolt.
Governor King highly commended Major Johnston for his actions, even though King had to intervene directly to stop a military kangaroo court from hanging one in ten of the rebels.
At midnight on 4 March, Captain Daniel Woodriff of landed 150 of his crew to assist the New South Wales Corps and Governor King.
Governor King had been requesting a replacement, for at least a year, and eventually Governor William Bligh was appointed in 1805.
Although the economy had developed and diversified somewhat by 1806, Bligh arrived determined to bring the Corps, and especially John Macarthur, to heel, and stop their trading in rum.
Having arrived in the colony in December 1809 with the 73rd Regiment of Foot, which was to take over from the 102nd Regiment of Foot, Governor Lachlan Macquarie was able to control the rum trade more effectively, introducing and enforcing a licensing system.
The construction of Sydney Hospital was entirely funded by granting a monopoly on the import of rum to the contractors, who were the merchants Alexander Riley and Garnham Blaxcell, and the colonial surgeon D'Arcy Wentworth, and troops were used to prohibit the landing of rum anywhere but at the hospital dock.
A few of the officers and long-serving privates in the 102nd Regiment were transferred to Macquarie's 73rd regiment, bringing it up to near full strength.
In England, most of the returnees went to Veteran or Garrison battalions, most officers ending up in the 8th Royal Veteran Battalion.
Detachments of the regiment remained on both sides of the border between the British colony of New Brunswick and the US State of Maine after the war's end in December 1814 at Moose Island, modern day Eastport, Maine, USA.
After the end of the wars against Napoleonic France and the United States, the British Army disbanded many units for the sake of economy.
The regiment was the last British unit to occupy the United States; the last detachments returned to Chatham in England, where the regiment was disbanded on 24 March 1818.
It was the first Kraftwerk LP to be created using predominantly digital musical instruments, although the finished product was still recorded onto analog master tapes.
The final mixing was done at Right Track Studios in New York together with DJ François Kevorkian and Ron St. Germain.
The side is divided into three tracks, but they may be taken to be one long piece of three variations with recurring elements.
However, shortly after this, Ralf Hütter suffered a cycling accident on the Rhine Dam and was apparently unable to work with the band for some time.
By this time, Hütter & Schneider had regained the rights to the recording following the expiration of the group's original contract with Philips Records.
When work did recommence on the sessions, the band was reportedly concerned that the album's production was not of a sufficiently ground-breaking quality to match its reputation as sonic innovators.
The final mix of the album was completely redone from scratch at least once, with Hütter eventually travelling to New York with the master tapes to work on them with producer François Kevorkian.
Kraftwerk are notoriously secretive about their activities, but a fairly reliable and consistent picture can be gleaned from interviews given by the various band members.
Though both singles went to on the Billboard dance chart in 1987, neither of the singles performed well in the general pop charts.
Earlier, MTV Europe had already included elements from the original song and the video in the title graphics for MTV's Greatest Hits.
The animation, which was complex for its time, was created by Rebecca Allen, using state-of-the-art facial animation software developed by the New York Institute of Technology.
However, when EMI was acquired by Universal Music in 2013, all of Kraftwerk's oeuvre went to Warner with its subsequent purchase of Parlophone.
Band member Wolfgang Flür is included in a subsequent general list of personnel, but is not credited with a musical or production role in these recordings.
It is located at the southern end of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney.
Haymarket is adjacent to Darling Harbour and is surrounded by the suburbs of Ultimo, Chippendale, Surry Hills and the Sydney CBD.
Sydney's produce markets were located in Haymarket from the early 20th century through to the 1980s when they were moved to a new site at Flemington.
The 'Market City' complex contains the markets, The Peak apartment building, a modern shopping centre featuring a food court, restaurants, boutiques, specialty shops and entertainment options, such as a cinema and amusement centre.
The outer walls of the original vegetable market, built in 1909, were preserved and restored as an example of Edwardian architecture.
They were part of the original city markets—designed by city architect C.Broderick—which were bounded by Hay Street, Quay Street and Thomas Street.
The new markets included the Sydney City Markets building (Ultimo Road), designed by George McRae and built in 1910, and the Sydney Markets Bell Tower (Quay Street), built in 1911 and restored by the State Bank in 1985.
Haymarket became a commercial and community centre for the Chinese community who lived in large numbers in this area and nearby areas such as Surry Hills.
With the relocation of the produce market to Flemington and outflow of residents to the suburbs, the commercial role of Haymarket declined.
This included the construction of Chinese paifang-style gates, with stone lions, on Dixon Street, and other Chinese-style street furniture, as well as encouraging Chinese restaurants to open along Dixon Street.
Despite significant demographic change due to successive waves of immigration from Asia, today's Chinatown remains a centre for Asian restaurants and other businesses.
More than half of Haymarket residents were attending an educational institution, with the majority of these people attending a tertiary or technical institution.
The most common other countries of birth were Thailand 20.7%, China 18.9%, Indonesia 11.5%, Korea, Republic of (South) 5.0% and Vietnam 2.1%.
47.8% of households renting their accommodation were paying more than 30% of household income as rent, compared to the NSW average of 12.9% and the Australian average of 11.5%.
Haymarket is also serviced by the Dulwich Hill Line of Sydney's light rail network with stations at Central, Capitol Square and Paddy's Markets.
A short section is not used by the light rail having been converted to The Goods Line pedestrian link to Railway Square and Central station.
The Breakneck Ridge station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, serving campers and hikers traveling to and from Breakneck Ridge, north of Cold Spring, New York and south of Beacon, NY.
It is served by twelve trains daily on those days: six northbound to in the morning and early afternoon, and six southbound to Grand Central Terminal in the afternoon and early evening.
This station has two small, wooden low-level side platforms each long enough for one door of one car to receive or discharge passengers.
It is located off an embankment from New York State Route 9D, with only one sign (on the east side of the track), merely a small path leading to the overpass and then down to the tracks about north of the main parking area for the Breakneck Ridge hiking trail.
In June 2017, the Town of Fishkill requested a portion of Metro-North's property to build and operate a multi-use trail from New York State Route 9D to the Hudson Line.
It would run from the Breakneck Ridge Trailhead before running north to the pedestrian overpass that provides access to the inbound side of Metro-North's Breakneck Ridge station.
Over the past few years, more people have been using the Breakneck Ridge station, resulting in an increase in weekend service at the station.
The stop and trailhead was initially planned to close for reconstruction at the beginning of 2018, with reopening planned for April 2019.
However, by May 2019, the station's closure and reconstruction, along with that of the rest of the Breakneck Ridge trailhead, was slated for mid-2020 at the earliest.
Jennifer Louise Macklin (born 29 December 1953) is an Australian former politician who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1996 until 2019, representing the Division of Jagajaga for the Labor Party.
She was a minister in the Rudd and Gillard Governments from 2007 to 2013, having previously been her party's deputy leader from 2001 to 2006.
She spent time in Japan as a student before graduating from the University of Melbourne with an honours degree in economics.
Macklin was a researcher at the Australian National University in 1976–78, an economics research specialist with the Parliamentary Library in Canberra 1978–81, Research Coordinator at the Labour Resource Centre in Melbourne 1981–1985, an adviser to the Victorian Minister for Health 1985–88, director of the federal government's National Health Strategy 1990–93 and director of the Australian Urban and Regional Development Review 1993–1995.
She was a member of a Canberra discussion group, the Red Fems, which presented a paper to the Women and Labour Conference in 1980.
On her election to Parliament as a member of the Australian Labor Party, Macklin was immediately elected a member of the Opposition Shadow Cabinet, where she served in a number of roles, including Shadow Minister for Aged Care, Social Security and the Status of Women.
Macklin remained Deputy Leader after Crean's replacement as leader by Mark Latham in December 2003, and also under Kim Beazley following Latham's resignation in January 2005.
On 1 December 2006, Macklin's position as deputy leader of the ALP came under threat after Kim Beazley called for a spill of all the leadership positions, in a bid to end growing speculation over the issue.
Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Kevin Rudd, and Shadow Minister for Health, Julia Gillard, announced their intentions to run against Beazley and Macklin as a team for the positions of leader and deputy leader respectively of the party.
On the day of the ballot, Macklin effectively stepped down from the position, choosing not to contest the deputy leadership after Kevin Rudd was elected as the new party leader.
Macklin was once again elected to the Shadow frontbench, and was appointed Shadow Minister for Families and Community Services and Shadow Minister for Indigenous Affairs and Reconciliation.
In this capacity she oversaw the passage and implementation of Australia's first national Paid Parental Leave Scheme, the Closing the Gap framework to address the life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, a historic rise in the pensions and a number of other significant changes to social policy and family support payments.
In 2011, Macklin was given the additional responsibility of Minister for Disability Reform, overseeing the design and implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS).
Macklin was instrumental in the National Apology to the Stolen Generations, delivered by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in February 2008 and the implementation of the Close the Gap Framework, the first comprehensive strategy for tackling Indigenous disadvantage in Australia's history.
On 23 November 2011, the Stronger Futures Policy legislation was introduced by Macklin to address key issues such as unemployment, school attendance, alcohol abuse, child protection, safety, housing and land reforms in the Northern Territory.
On 10 August 2011, Prime Minister Julia Gillard and Minister Macklin announced the Labor Government’s support for a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) a major social policy reform designed to ensure that people with disability received the care and support they need.
The rollout of the NDIS commenced in 2013 at four launch sites around Australia, with full rollout to be completed in 2019.
Macklin was instrumental in the success of negotiations with states and territories, which resulted in a nationwide agreement on the NDIS.
Prior to its launch on 1 January 2011, Australia was one of just two developed countries without a national paid parental leave scheme.
An independent review of the scheme in 2014 found that more than 75 per cent of parents accessing paid parental leave were on incomes of less than $70,000 a year.
In the 2015 Budget the Abbott Government announced a measure to end so called 'double dipping' of paid parental leave by restricting 80,000 new parents from accessing both employer and government paid parental leave schemes.
The introduction of Dad and Partner Pay (DAPP) on 1 January 2013, established two weeks paid leave to fathers and partners to help them take time off work to support new mothers in their caring role and be involved in the care of their newborn baby.
An independent report conducted by the University of Queensland in 2014 found that DAPP reduced the barriers to fathers taking leave following a birth.
Macklin was also the steward for the National Apology to the Forgotten Australians and former Child Migrants, in her capacity as Families Minister.
Former Prime Minister Rudd gave the Apology on 16 November 2009 on behalf of the Australian Government to over half a million children who were taken from their families and placed in institutions where they were often victims of abuse.
Macklin announced her retirement from politics on 6 July 2018, revealing she would not stand as a candidate for the seat of Jagajaga at the 2019 federal election.
Goran Jelisić (; born 7 June 1968, Bijeljina, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian Serb war criminal who was found guilty of having committed crimes against humanity and for violating the customs of war by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at the Luka camp in Brčko during the Bosnian War.
He was acquitted on the charge of genocide as the court did not believe the prosecution had proved this beyond reasonable doubt.
On 29 May 2003, Jelisić was transferred to Italy to serve the remainder of his sentence with credit for time served since his 1998 arrest.
On 21 December 2011, his wife, Monika Karan-Ilić (aka Monika Simeunović), was detained on suspicion of having committed war crimes against non-Serbs at the Luka camp.
She was found guilty of having participated in torture, inhumane treatment and infliction of suffering on Bosniak and Croat civilians in the Luka camp and Brčko police station between May and June 1992, when she was a teenager.
It recognizes a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper or news site through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, video and other online material, and may be presented in print or online or both.
It is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win.
As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists.
There were four years for which no award was given, and two prizes were awarded in the years 1967, 1990, and 2006.
A reporter (rather than a publication) was first named in 1947; recently that has been more common and as many as three reporters have been named.
Holsworthy is a suburb in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 31 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool.
Originally the land belonged to the Tharawal people but following the arrival of the First Fleet, indigenous people were pushed back from their traditional lands in the area surrounding Sydney.
In 1795, explorers George Bass and Matthew Flinders explored the Georges River and in 1798, grants of land for farming were made in the area.
By 1815, Governor Macquarie declared a state of open warfare against aborigines in the Georges River area and forbade them carrying weapons within a mile of any British settlement.
During World War I it was home to a large internment camp for civilians of German or Austro-Hungarian background, the camp absorbed prisoners from the infamous Torrens Island Concentration Camp in 1915.
The streets are named with a military theme, such as Tarakan, Bardia, Wewak, Lae, Brunei, Finschhafen, Madang, Gona, Anzac, Light Horse, Infantry, Cavalry, Sabre, Gunners Row and Trooper Row.
Being inland from the coast, and away from Sydney City, Holsworthy receives up to 500mm (20 in) less precipitation than coastal areas, just away.
There were a high number of families with children (76.2%) and the median age of Holsworthy residents (30) was eight years younger than the national median.
A congregation of Lifegate Community Church (Holsworthy & Wattle Grove) meets weekly in the Wattle Grove Primary Public School Hall on Cressbrook Drive (Holsworthy Church on google maps).
The Cold Spring station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in Cold Spring, New York.
It is 52.5 miles (85 km) from Grand Central Terminal, and travel time to Grand Central is approximately one hour and 21 minutes.
The Hudson River Railroad was built through Cold Spring in 1851 in order to expand the Troy and Greenbush Railroad from the Albany area to New York City.
A pedestrian tunnel was added in 1929 connecting the two sections of Main Street, and a road bridge over the tracks was built in 1930, but the station was closed to passengers in 1954, despite remaining in use.
As with all stations along the Hudson Line, it was converted into a Penn Central Railroad station upon the merger of NYC with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968.
Bankruptcy for Penn Central in 1970 forced them to turn passenger service over to the MTA in 1972, the same year that the former station house was converted into a restaurant after spending 18 years as a car dealership.
MTA control of passenger service continued through the period when it was taken over by Conrail in 1976, and then by Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
Cold Spring station was one of the last stations within the system to be rebuilt and relocated with high-level platforms, a pedestrian bridge, and elevators.
The current Cold Spring station is located slightly south of the old one, still standing at the foot of Cold Spring's Main Street.
Walkways on both sides of the tracks connect the old and new station, and the pedestrian tunnel built by New York Central Railroad is still in use today by both commuters and local residents.
Kneeboarding is an aquatic sport where the participant is towed on a buoyant, convex, and hydrodynamically shaped board at a planing speed, most often behind a motorboat.
In the usual configuration of a tow-sport kneeboard, riders kneel on their heels on the board, and secure themselves to the deck with an adjustable Velcro strap over their thighs.
The advantages of kneeboarding versus other tow-sports seems to be an easier learning curve and a sense of being closer to the water when falls occur.
Others tried kneeling on surfboards and some used purpose-built kneeboards designed specifically for riding waves, but the water ski kneeboard did not emerge as a product until the 1970s.
In 1973, John Taylor, a former Knee Ski employee, decided to make and sell his own boards under the name of Glide Slide.
Danny Churchill, quarter mile speed ski record holder in 1974 and former Glide Slide employee, bought the company in the wake of the oil crisis.
Churchill is most commonly known for popularizing the sport through advertising and promotions in the newly released full color water ski publications of the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Founded by Roland Hillier of Maitland, Florida, a former World Overall and Slalom Champion; National Slalom and Trick Champion; Masters Overall Water Ski Champion and three time Intercollegiate Overall Champion.
In cableway competition, Roland designed the trick event which also included the use of small ramps for doing spins and flips.
The next year, Sea World of Orlando approached the IKA to hold a National Championship at their park, however, the original sponsors to the IKA would not be allowed to participate and Hillier felt strongly that supporters should be included and did not accept.
The American Kneeboarding Association (AKA) was founded by another group of people after the International Kneeboard Association rejected the Sea World offer, and created their own form of competition.
Many were disappointed at the lack of new compositions and, moreover, the production values of the re-recorded tracks did not strike many listeners as particularly cutting edge, something which Kraftwerk had previously been renowned for.
Production is credited to Ralf Hütter, Florian Schneider, and Fritz Hilpert, the latter of whom had replaced percussionist and stage set designer Wolfgang Flür after Flür left the group in 1987.
A newly remastered edition of the album was released by EMI Records, Mute Records, and Astralwerks Records on CD, digital download, and heavyweight vinyl in October–November 2009.
Anthony John Abbott (born 4 November 1957) is an Australian politician who served as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia from 2013 to 2015 and leader of the Liberal Party from 2009 to 2015.
Abbott was born in London to an Australian mother and a British father, and moved to Sydney at the age of two.
He studied economics and law at the University of Sydney, and then attended The Queen's College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, studying Philosophy, Politics and Economics.
After graduating from Oxford, Abbott briefly trained as a Roman Catholic seminarian, and later worked as a journalist, manager, and political adviser.
In 1992, he was appointed director of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy, a position he held until his election to parliament at the 1994 Warringah by-election.
In 2003, Abbott became Minister for Health and Ageing, retaining this position until the defeat of the Howard Government at the 2007 election.
Initially serving in the shadow cabinets of Brendan Nelson and then Malcolm Turnbull, Abbott resigned from the front bench in November 2009, in protest against Turnbull's support for the Rudd Government's proposed Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS).
Forcing a leadership ballot on the subject, Abbott defeated Turnbull by 42 votes to 41, to become the party's leader and Leader of the Opposition.
Abbott went on to lead the Coalition to victory in the 2013 election and was sworn in as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia on 18 September 2013.
On 14 September 2015, Abbott was defeated in a vote for the Liberal leadership (54 votes to 44) by Malcolm Turnbull, who replaced Abbott as Prime Minister the following day.
After his defeat in the party leadership, he returned to the backbench and held his seat of Warringah at the 2016 federal election.
She immigrated to Australia from the Netherlands in 1912 with her five-year-old son, Anthony Bredschneijder (later to take his stepfather's surname Peters).
Abbott attended primary school at St Aloysius' College at Milson's Point, before completing his secondary school education at St Ignatius' College, Riverview, both Jesuit schools.
He graduated with a Bachelor of Economics (BEc) in 1979 and a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 1981 from the University of Sydney.
Influenced by his chaplain at St Ignatius', Father Emmet Costello, he then attended The Queen's College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, where in June 1983 he graduated as a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) and on 21 October 1989 proceeded by seniority to Master of Arts.
A student newspaper editor with political views opposed to those of Abbott took him to court for indecent assault after he touched her during a student debate; the charges were dismissed by the court.
Abbott organised rallies in support of Governor-General John Kerr after he dismissed the Whitlam Government in November 1975, as well as a pro-Falklands War demonstration during his time at Oxford.
A. Santamaria, a Catholic layman who led a movement against Communism within the Australian labour movement in the 1950s, culminating in the 1955 Labor Party split and the formation of the Democratic Labor Party.
He wrote the foreword to a novelisation of Santamaria's life written by Alan Reid, and in 2015 launched a biography of Santamaria written by Gerard Henderson.
And I thought then that the best way in which I could be a 'man for others' was to become a priest.
He did not hold Australian citizenship from birth, as at the time Australian citizenship by descent could only be acquired from the father.
On 12 October 1993, he renounced his British citizenship to be eligible to run for parliament under section 44 of the constitution.
He went on to lead the Coalition to victory at the 2013 election and was sworn in as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia on 18 September 2013.
Abbott lost a Liberal Party leadership spill on 14 September 2015, and was replaced by Malcolm Turnbull as leader of the party and Prime Minister of Australia.
While deciding his future career path, Abbott developed friendships with senior figures in the New South Wales Labor Party, and was encouraged by Bob Carr, as well as Johno Johnson, to join the Labor Party and run for office.
According to Howard, he and Abbott established a good rapport, but Hewson and Abbott fell out shortly before the 1993 election, and Abbott ended up in search of work following the re-election of the Keating Government.
He was approached to head Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM), the main group organising support for the maintenance of the Monarchy in Australia amidst the Keating Government's campaign for a change to a republic.
He easily held the safe Liberal seat in the Liberals' traditional Northern Beaches heartland, suffering a swing of only 1 percentage point in the primary vote.
Before 2019, he only dropped below 59 percent of the two-party vote once, in 2001; that year independent Peter Macdonald, the former member for the state seat of Manly, held Abbott to only 55 percent.
Abbott served as the parliamentary secretary to the Minister for Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs (1996–98), Minister for Employment Services (1998–2001), Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Small Business (2001), Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations (2001–03) and Minister for Health and Ageing from 2003 to November 2007.
Abbott was also accused of offering funds to One Nation dissident Terry Sharples to support his court battle against the party.
As Minister for Employment Services, he oversaw the implementation of the Job Network and was responsible for the government's Work for the Dole scheme.
Howard appointed Abbott to replace Kay Patterson as Minister for Health in 2003, during a period of contentious Medicare reform and a crisis in Medical indemnity Insurance, in which the price of insurance was forcing doctors out of practice.
Health care initiatives instigated by Abbott include the Nurse Family Partnership, a long term scheme aimed at improving conditions for indigenous youth by improving mother-child relationships.
Abbott visited the victims of the bombings in hospital, and in his capacity as Health Minister organised for Australians who required lifesaving emergency surgery and hospitalisation to be flown to Singapore.
In 2006, Abbott controversially opposed access to the abortion drug RU486, and the Parliament voted to strip Health Ministers of the power to regulate this area of policy.
The Coalition lost government in 2007 and Abbott was re-elected to the seat of Warringah with a 1.8% swing toward the Labor Party.
Following Peter Costello's rejection of the leadership of the Parliamentary Liberal Party, Abbott nominated for the position of party leader, along with Malcolm Turnbull and Brendan Nelson.
Nelson was elected Liberal leader in December 2007 and Abbott was assigned the Shadow Portfolio of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.
As indigenous affairs spokesman, Abbott said that it had been a mistake for the Howard Government not to offer a national apology to the Stolen Generations; spent time teaching at remote Aboriginal communities; and argued for the Rudd Government to continue the Northern Territory National Emergency Response which restricted alcohol and introduced conditional welfare in certain Aboriginal communities.
He recommended the establishment of local hospital and school boards to manage health and education, and discussed family law reform, multiculturalism, climate change, and international relations.
During November 2009, Abbott resigned from shadow ministerial responsibilities due to the Liberal Party's position on the Rudd Government's Emissions trading Scheme (ETS), leading to the resignation of other shadow ministers.
On 1 December 2009, Abbott was elected to the position of Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia over Turnbull and Shadow Treasurer Joe Hockey.
Abbott proposed blocking the government's ETS in the Senate whereas Turnbull sought to amend the bill which the majority of the Liberal Party did not support.
Abbott announced a new Coalition policy on carbon emission reduction in February, which committed the Coalition to a 5 per cent reduction in emissions by 2020.
Abbott proposed the creation of an 'emissions reduction fund' to provide 'direct' incentives to industry and farmers to reduce carbon emissions.
He told press gallery journalist Laurie Oakes that he did not do doorstop interviews in front of church but regularly faced pointed questions about his faith which were not being put to Prime Minister Rudd, who conducted weekly church door press conferences following his attendances at Anglican services.
Abbott reportedly missed the 2009 vote on the Rudd Government $42 billion stimulus package because he fell asleep in his parliamentary office after a night of drinking.
In 2013, Abbott stated on 3AW that if his sister Christine Forster were to have a marriage ceremony with her partner Virginia he would attend.
In March 2010, Abbott, announced a new policy initiative to provide for six months paid parental leave, funded by an increase in corporate tax by 1.7 percentage points on all taxable company income above $5 million.
While Opposition Spokesman for Indigenous Affairs, Abbott spent time in remote Cape York Aboriginal communities as a teacher, organised through prominent indigenous activist Noel Pearson.
Abbott and Pearson believed that the Queensland law would 'block the economic development' of indigenous land, and interfere with Aboriginal land rights.
In April he set out on a 9-day charity bike ride between Melbourne and Sydney, the annual Pollie Pedal, generating political debate about whether he should have committed so much time to physical fitness.
The replacement of a first-term Prime Minister was unusual in Australian political history and the Rudd-Gillard rivalry remained a vexed issue for the Gillard Government into the 2010 election and its subsequent term.
Polls in the first week gave a view that Labor would be re-elected with an increased majority, with Newspoll and an Essential poll showing a lead of 10 points (55–45) two party preferred.
Unable to agree on further debates, the leaders went on to appear separately on stage for questioning at community fora in Sydney and Brisbane.
In Sydney on 11 August, Abbott's opening statement focused on his main election messages around government debt, taxation and asylum seekers.
Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.
On the crossbench, four independent members, one member of the National Party of Western Australia and one member of the Australian Greens held the balance of power.
Following the negotiations, Gillard formed a minority government with the support of an Australian Greens MP and three independent MPs on the basis of confidence and supply.
Another independent and the WA National gave their confidence and supply support to the Coalition, resulting in Labor holding a 76–74 tally of votes on the floor of the Parliament.
Abbott announced his shadow ministry on 14 September, with few changes to senior positions, but with the return of former leadership rival Malcolm Turnbull, whom he selected as Communications spokesman.
Abbott announced that he wanted Turnbull to prosecute the Opposition's case against the Gillard Government's proposed expenditure on a National Broadband Network.
Abbott announced a proposal for a taskforce to examine further construction of dams in Australia to deal with flood impact and food security.
Abbott said that Gillard had lied to the electorate over the issue because Gillard and her Treasurer Wayne Swan had ruled out the introduction of a carbon tax in the lead up to the 2010 election.
April saw Abbott announce a $430 million policy plan to improve the employment prospects of people with serious mental health problems.
Following the first Gillard Government budget in May 2011, Abbott used his budget-reply speech to reiterate his critiques of government policy and call for an early election over the issue of a carbon tax.
In September 2011, he announced a plan to develop an agricultural food bowl in the north of Australia by developing dams for irrigation and hydroelectricity.
Coalition task force leader Andrew Robb claimed that Australia currently produced enough food for 60 million people, but that the Coalition plan could double this to 120 million people by 2040.
The head of the Northern Australia Land and Water Taskforce expressed concerns about the economic and environmental viability of this plan as well as its effects on the indigenous Australian communities in northern Australia.
Reflecting on indigenous issues on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy on Australia Day 2012, Abbott said that there had been many positive developments in indigenous affairs in recent decades including Rudd's apology and moves to include indigenous Australians in the Australian Constitution.
A major security scare resulted, which was broadcast around the world, resulting in Gillard and Abbott being rushed to a government car amid a throng of security due to fears for their safety.
In an address to the National Press Club on 31 January 2012, Abbott outlined some of his plans for government if elected.
These included an intent to live one week of every year in an indigenous Australian community, and to prune government expenditure and cut taxes.
Abbott responded to the February 2012 Labor leadership crisis by criticising the cross bench independents for keeping Labor in power and renewed his calls for a general election to select the next Prime Minister of Australia.
Following his attendance at the 10th anniversary commemoration of the Bali bombing in Bali, Abbott travelled to Jakarta with his Shadow Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Immigration for a meeting with Indonesian President Yudhoyono and Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa.
At the federal election on 7 September 2013, Abbott led the Liberal/National coalition to victory over the incumbent Labor government, led by Kevin Rudd.
The Prime Minister was the subject of criticism for his decision to only include one woman, Deputy Liberal leader Julie Bishop, in his cabinet.
On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support.
The Carbon Tax Repeal Bill passed both houses of Parliament on 17 July 2014 and the Mining Tax Repeal Bill passed both houses of Parliament on 2 September 2014 after negotiations with the Palmer United Party.
On 25 March 2014, Abbott announced that he had advised the Queen to reinstate the knight and dame system of honours to the Order of Australia.
Controversy ensued when Abbott announced on Australia Day 2015 that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen's husband and a resident of the United Kingdom, would be appointed a Knight of the Order of Australia.
This decision was widely criticised, including by members of the government, and fuelled speculation that the prime minister's leadership could be challenged.
On 6 February 2015, Liberal backbencher Luke Simpkins announced that he would move a motion, at a meeting of the party room, for a spill of the federal Liberal Party's leadership positions.
Both Malcolm Turnbull and deputy leader Julie Bishop were speculated to be considering a leadership run if the spill motion had succeeded.
Bishop came under intense media scrutiny in July 2015 after details of her use of taxpayer-funded political entitlements were made public, including chartering a helicopter flight between Melbourne and Geelong to attend a Liberal party fundraiser.
Abbott was criticised over his handling of the entitlements scandal as he allowed the controversy to drag on for weeks because of his refusal to sack the Speaker, a close friend and political mentor.
During Abbott's prime ministership, Australian law continued to define marriage as a union of male and female persons, while recognising same-sex couples as de facto couples in areas such as taxation law, social security law, immigration and superannuation, and Abbott did not support changing the law.
During Abbott's time as Opposition Leader and Prime Minister, the position of the Labor Party and opinion polls shifted towards favouring same-sex marriage.
There is more moral quality in a relationship between two people devoted to each other for decades than in many a short-lived marriage.
The First Rudd Government and Gillard Government held similar views (although the short-lived second Rudd government reversed Labor's position on the issue).
In Government, Abbott reaffirmed that he did not support changing the law to recognise same-sex marriages, and did not alter Coalition policy on the issue – however he permitted Coalition members to advocate for change if they felt strongly on the issue, and indicated that if a bill were to come before the new parliament, the Coalition party room would discuss its stance on the issue.
On 11 August 2015, after renewed debate about same-sex marriage in Australia, Abbott called a Coalition Party room vote and Coalition MPs voted against allowing a free vote on the issue 66 to 33.
Some MPs said they were willing to cross the floor on the issue and Abbott was criticised by some pro-gay marriage Liberal MPs, including Christopher Pyne, for holding the vote in the Coalition party room, rather than the Liberal party room (as the inclusion of National Party votes decreased chances of a pro-change outcome).
Although he remains personally opposed to change, he says Parliament should respect the outcome of the national vote on the issue.
On 14 September 2015, Malcolm Turnbull, the Minister for Communications, resigned and stated his intention to challenge the Liberal Party leadership in a leadership spill.
A ReachTel poll of 743 residents in Abbott's safe Liberal seat of Warringah, conducted by phone on the evening of 17 December 2015, indicated his electorate wanted him to retire from parliament at the 2016 federal election.
On 24 January 2016, Abbott confirmed that he would stand for Liberal preselection for the Division of Warringah in the 2016 federal election.
Since Abbott's re-election at the 2016 federal election he has been critical of policy positions of his party on a number of occasions.
Astro Labe, 38, was later charged with common assault; he pleaded guilty in the Hobart Magistrates Court on 18 January 2018 and was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment on 9 April 2018.
On 18 May 2019, during the federal election, Abbott lost his seat of Warringah to independent candidate and former Olympic skiier Zali Steggall.
This came despite the seat being traditionally conservative (it had been held by the Liberals and their predecessors without interruption since 1922).
However, he lost over 12 percent of his primary vote from 2016, and finished over 4,100 votes behind Steggall on the first preference count.
As Opposition Leader, he worked with Cape York Aboriginal activist Noel Pearson, volunteered as a teacher in remote Aboriginal Communities and gave a commitment to continue to live one week a year in such communities if elected Prime Minister.
While the Coalition and Labor were engaged in negotiations with crossbenchers to obtain minority government in 2010, Noel Pearson lobbied Rob Oakeshott to back Abbott.
In November 2012, Abbott flew to Alice Springs to back Aboriginal Country Liberal Party MLA Alison Anderson to run in the federal seat of Lingiari and become the first indigenous woman to enter Parliament.
In August 2015, he disappointed Aboriginal leaders Patrick Dodson and Noel Pearson by rejecting as potentially divisive their request for the federal government to fund a series of Indigenous-only conventions on the wording for the referendum.
In March 2014, Abbott advised the Queen to reintroduce the grade of Knight/Dame to the Order of Australia, without discussing it in the Cabinet and despite stating in December 2013 that he did not plan to do so.
The Fraser Government initially introduced the grade of Knight/Dame of the Order of Australia in 1976; the Hawke Government discontinued it in 1986.
Prior to becoming Opposition Leader, Abbott initially supported proposals by Liberal leaders Howard and Turnbull to introduce floating prices to reduce carbon emissions, but also expressed some doubts as to the science and economics underlying such initiatives.
In 2009, Abbott announced his opposition to Turnbull's support for the Rudd Government's Emissions Trading Scheme proposal, and successfully challenged Turnbull for the Liberal leadership, chiefly over this issue.
As Opposition Leader, Abbott declared that he accepted that climate change was real and that humans were having an impact on it, but rejected carbon pricing as a means to address the issue, proposing instead to match the Labor government's 5% emissions reduction target through implementation of a plan involving financial incentives for emissions reductions by industry, and support for carbon storage in soils and expanded forests.
Upon becoming Leader of the Opposition, Abbott put the question of support for the Government's Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) to a secret ballot and the Liberal Party voted to reject the policy – overturning an undertaking by Turnbull to support an amended version of the government's scheme.
Under Abbott, the Coalition joined the Greens and voted against the CPRS in the Senate, and the bill was defeated twice, providing a double dissolution trigger.
A January 2013 OECD report on taxation of energy use measured Australia's effective tax rate on carbon at 1 July 2012 as among the lower rates in the OECD.
In the first few months of his Prime Ministership, the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly passed the Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013, a bill to allow same-sex couples to legally marry.
Nine days later, on 12 December, the High Court gave judgement that the Same Sex Act would be dismantled as it clashed with the Federal Marriage Act 1961.
With Malcolm Turnbull as Shadow Minister for Communications and Broadband, the Liberal/National Coalition proposed an alternative - The Multi-Technology Mix (MTM), which heavily utilised Fibre to the Node (FttN) technology - in the lead up to the 2013 Australian federal election.
Abbott said that if elected, all Australians would have access to a minimum broadband speed of 25Mbps by the end of their first term of government.
They promised download speeds between 25 and 100 Mbps by the end of 2016 and 50 to 100 Mbps by 2019, with the rollout completed by the end of 2019.
In 2004, the man sought out Abbott, and it was publicly revealed he was an ABC sound recordist who worked in Parliament House, Canberra, and was involved in making television programs in which Abbott appeared.
As a former Catholic seminarian, Abbott's religiosity has come to national attention and journalists have often sought his views on the role of religion in politics.
Various political positions supported by Abbott have been criticised by church representatives, including aspects of Coalition industrial relations, asylum seeker, and Aboriginal affairs policies.
In 2008, Abbott spent three weeks teaching in a remote Aboriginal settlement in Coen on Cape York, organised through indigenous leader Noel Pearson.
In 2009, he spent 10 days in Aurukun on Cape York working with the truancy team, visiting children who had not been attending school.
Dick Godfrey Harry Adams (born 29 April 1951), Australian former politician, was a Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from the 1993 federal election until the 2013 federal election, representing the Division of Lyons in central Tasmania.
He was born in Launceston, Tasmania, and was a meat worker, rural worker and an organiser with the Australasian Meat Industry Employees' Union and the Liquor and Hospitality and Miscellaneous Workers' Union (Miscellaneous Division) before entering politics.
Adams was a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly for the Franklin division from the 1979 state election until the 1982 state election, serving as Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees from 1980 until 1981, and as Minister for National Parks, Lands, Aged Persons and Community Welfare from 1981 until 1982.
He also participated in a number of Parliamentary Standing Committees, including the Parliamentary Library joint committee which he served as a member and chair from 2006.
From 2007 he was the chairman of the Primary Industries and Resources Standing Committee and the National Capital and External Territories Standing Committee, and was an inaugural member of the Standing Committee on Petitions which was established to receive and process petitions to the Federal Parliament from citizens and groups.
Adams was also on the Joint Committee for Public Accounts & Audit, Standing Committee of Agriculture, Resources, Fisheries, and Forestry, and Joint Standing Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence & Trade and all relevant sub committees - Adams was the only Member of Parliament to sit on all of the Foreign Affairs, Defence & Trade.
Adams was narrowly defeated by Liberal candidate Eric Hutchinson at the 2013 election suffering a 13.5 percent two-party swing, the largest in the nation.
She was educated at the Ursuline Convent in Sligo, where she was a boarder from 1978 to 1983 and later at University College Dublin, graduating with a Social Science degree.
Coming from a political family, Coughlan was always interested in politics, and joined a local party branch at the age of 16.
She was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1987 general election as a Fianna Fáil TD for the Donegal South-West constituency.
Her uncle Clement Coughlan was a TD from 1980 until his death in 1983 in a road traffic accident, while her father Cathal Coughlan was a TD from 1983 to 1986 when he died after a short illness.
The death of her father resulted in Coughlan being co-opted onto Donegal County Council in 1986, which launched her own political career.
She remained on the backbenches of the Dáil for the first thirteen years of her career as a TD, before being appointed a junior Minister.
During this period she served on a number of Oireachtas committees, including the Joint Committee on Tourism, Sport and Recreation and the Joint Committee on the Irish language where she served as Chairperson.
She served in this position until 1997 but was not included in the cabinet or junior ministerial team when the party came to power.
In February 2001, Coughlan received her first ministerial position, that of Minister of State (Junior Minister) at the Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (with responsibility for the Gaeltacht and Islands).
In this role for just sixteen months, she was responsible for securing Government approval for the general scheme of the Official Languages Equality Bill, which aimed to confirm the language rights of citizens and outline their rights when dealing with the State in either official language.
She also oversaw the coming-into-force of an amended Gaeltacht Housing Act, updating the supports available for Irish-speaking households building in or moving to the Gaeltacht.
The Commission on Irish in the Gaeltacht (Comisiún na Gaeltachta) also completed its work under her guidance and Coughlan saw its report approved and published.
In addition, during her tenure Coughlan oversaw significant investment in island infrastructure and in the connection of islands to the national electricity grid, including Inishbofin Island, off the County Donegal coast, which was connected for the first time in 2002 by using an underwater cable from the mainland.
She established the Family Support Agency with a mandate to support families, promote stability in family life, prevent marital breakdown and foster a supportive community environment for families at a local level.
She was also widely criticised for cuts she made as Minister to entitlements for widows and widowers after the death of a spouse.
However, many considered these and other similar cutbacks to have been forced upon her by Charlie McCreevy, who was Minister for Finance at the time, and who was blamed for many of his decisions.
During her time as Minister for Social and Family Affairs, she was praised for introducing large increases in Child Benefit and in pensions.
Coughlan also established the Office of the Pensions Ombudsman and provided additional funding and support for the State's Money Advice and Budgeting Service (MABS).
In a 2004 cabinet reshuffle, Coughlan succeeded Joe Walsh as Minister for Agriculture and Food, becoming the first woman to hold that portfolio in Ireland.
They criticised the government's and the Minister's roles, both were seen as not doing enough to try to stop the closures, though they had retained some control over the factories since they had been privatised a number of years before.
Coughlan also headed this Department at a time when the spread of bird flu from abroad looked very likely to occur, especially in 2006.
Coughlan was re-appointed to the portfolio on 14 June 2007 following the 2007 general election, with the additional responsibility of fisheries as Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
Shortly after her re-appointment Coughlan had to put in place measures to deal with the threat of the potential spread of foot-and-mouth disease from Britain in early August 2007.
Following Bertie Ahern's resignation on 6 May 2008, Coughlan, in a cabinet re-shuffle, became Tánaiste and Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment on 7 May 2008, by newly appointed Taoiseach Brian Cowen.
Her performance as Tánaiste in defence of the October 2008 budget was criticised by opposition politicians and the media, with Fine Gael's Leo Varadkar publicly comparing Coughlan to gaffe-prone Alaskan Governor Sarah Palin.
Coughlan announced a third change in the budgetary position, in her local constituency, prior to Cabinet agreement and five days before the responsible Minister for Social and Family Affairs announced it to the nation, via RTÉ Radio.
Coughlan acted to clean up years of wasteful spending by executives at the state training and employment agency, FÁS, and was considered to have taken a tough line with Director General, Rody Molloy, who was forced to resign in November 2008.
The 2008 fall in the value of sterling against the euro saw the price gap between North and South widen and shoppers cross to Northern Ireland to the detriment of businesses in the South.
Coughlan asked multiple retailers to reduce their margins south of the border and provide better value to consumers in the South.
Research from Forfás, concluded that only a five per cent difference in the cost of goods between North and South was justifiable.
The findings highlighted retailers' larger margins in the South in relation to their operations in the North and Coughlan queried why the price differential in many identical goods was substantially in excess of 5%.
It's up to Tesco, it's up to Superquinn, it's up to Aldi, it's up to Lidl; it's up to them to cut their prices.
When retailers continued to remain silent on the price differential, Coughlan sent in the Competition Authority to investigate supply chains in the retail sector.
She also successfully secured over €22 million of European Globalisation Adjustment Fund money to the benefit of the workers made redundant in Limerick.
Coughlan acted to close loopholes in company law that made it possible for bank directors not to have to disclose the full extent of their indebtedness to the bank in its published accounts.
McGuinness' credibility was subsequently undermined when it was revealed that he had hired external PR advice in an effort to undermine Coughlan and enhance his own profile as a Minister of State within her Department.
In April 2009, she denied there would be a supplementary budget – one was announced five days later – also claiming that the public finances were under control at the same time.
Later that month she apparently let slip the date of a general election while speaking about the budget when Brian Cowen was in New York.
On 23 March 2010, following a cabinet reshuffle, she was moved to the newly named Department of Education and Skills, while retaining the position of Tánaiste.
One of Coughlan's first initiatives in the portfolio was to voice her support for the introduction of a CAO points bonus for students studying higher level maths.
She revamped the Student Maintenance Grant application procedure, streamlining administration and getting the scheme out two months earlier than in previous years.
Her running mate Brian Ó Domhnaill also failed to be elected, leaving Donegal South-West without a Fianna Fáil TD for the first time in its history.
The legislation which Coughlan subsequently produced limited the meaning of the word 'spouse' to include only married couples; this was regarded by the Opposition parties and LGBT rights campaigners as discriminatory towards same-sex couples as there had been no legal recognition of same-sex unions in the Republic of Ireland at the time.
Two months later, Coughlan caused comment at a European Union conference on family and social policy by stating that Ireland would never be ready for same-sex marriage or gay adoption.
During her time in Social and Family Affairs, Coughlan produced a report discussing new definitions of 'the family' which recommended a more progressive approach to the matter.
Mary Coughlan was married to David Charlton, a Garda who lost a leg in a serious car accident a few years after they were married, from 1991 until his death from cancer on 2 September 2012.
They were married when Coughlan was aged 26, two years after they met, David was working as a Garda on duty at Leinster House at the time.
Anthony Norman Albanese ( or ; born 2 March 1963) is an Australian politician serving as Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Labor Party since 2019.
Albanese served as the 15th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia in 2013 and a Cabinet Minister in the Rudd and Gillard Governments from 2007 to 2013.
Albanese was born in Sydney and attended St Mary's Cathedral College, before going on to the University of Sydney to study economics.
Albanese was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1996 election, winning the Division of Grayndler in New South Wales.
He was first appointed to the Shadow Cabinet in 2001 and went on to serve in a number of roles, eventually becoming Manager of Opposition Business in 2006.
After Labor's victory in the 2007 election, Albanese was appointed Leader of the House; he was also made Minister for Regional Development and Local Government and Minister for Infrastructure and Transport.
In the subsequent leadership tensions between Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard from 2010 to 2013, Albanese was publicly critical of the conduct of both, calling for unity.
After the final leadership ballot between the two in June 2013, Albanese was elected Deputy Leader of the Labor Party and was sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister of Australia the following day.
Following Labor's defeat in the 2013 election, Albanese stood against Bill Shorten in the ensuing leadership election, the first to include party members as well as MPs.
Although Albanese won a large majority of the membership, Shorten won more heavily among Labor MPs; Shorten subsequently appointed Albanese to his Shadow Cabinet.
Albanese became the only person to nominate in the leadership election; he was subsequently declared elected unopposed as the Leader of the Labor Party, becoming Leader of the Opposition.
Growing up, Albanese was told that his father had died in a car accident; he did not meet his father, who was in fact still alive, until 2009, tracking him down with the assistance of the Australian Embassy in Italy.
It was also there where he started his rise as a key player in the left faction of the Labor Party.
After completing his economics degree, Albanese took on a role as research officer to the then-Minister for Local Government and Administrative Services, Tom Uren, who would become a mentor to him.
In 1989, the position of Assistant General Secretary of the New South Wales branch of the Labor Party became vacant when John Faulkner was elected to the Senate.
The election to replace him was closely disputed between the Labor Left's Hard Left and Soft Left groupings, with Albanese being elected with the backing of the Hard Left, taking on that role for the next six years.
When Jeannette McHugh announced she would not recontest her seat of Grayndler at the 1996 election, Albanese won preselection for the seat.
The campaign was a difficult one, with aircraft noise a big political issue following the opening of the third runway at Sydney Airport, and the newly established No Aircraft Noise party (NAN) having polled strongly in the local area at the 1995 New South Wales election.
In his maiden speech to the House of Representatives, he spoke at length about aircraft noise and the need to build a second Sydney Airport, as well as his support for funding public infrastructure in general, multiculturalism, native title, the social wage and childcare.
In his first year in Parliament he continued this theme, speaking up on behalf of the Northern Territory's euthanasia legislation, and entitlement to superannuation for same-sex couples.
In 1998 he unsuccessfully moved a private member's bill that would have given same-sex couples the same rights to superannuation as de facto heterosexual couples.
Over the next nine years, he tried three more times without success, until the election of the Rudd Government in 2007 saw the legislation passed.
In 1998, Albanese was appointed a Parliamentary Secretary, a position which assists ministers and shadow ministers and is often a stepping stone to a full ministerial position.
A 2002 reshuffle saw him become Shadow Minister for Employment Services and Training, and in 2004 he became Shadow Minister for Environment and Heritage.
It was during this latter role that then-Prime Minister John Howard and Science Minister Brendan Nelson started raising the idea of nuclear power for Australia.
In 2005, he was given the additional role of Shadow Minister for Water alongside his existing responsibilities, and was also appointed Deputy Manager of Opposition Business in the House.
In December 2006, when Kevin Rudd first became Leader of the Labor Party, Albanese took over from Julia Gillard as Manager of Opposition Business in the House, a senior tactical role on the floor of the parliament, and was appointed Shadow Minister for Water and Infrastructure.
Following Labor's victory at the 2007 election, Albanese's rise in standing within the party was evidenced by his appointment as Minister for Infrastructure and Transport, Minister for Regional Development and Local Government and Leader of the House of Representatives in the Rudd Ministry.
One of Albanese's first moves as Minister for Infrastructure and Transport was the establishment of an independent statutory body, Infrastructure Australia, to advise the Government on infrastructure priorities.
Armed with advice from this independent body and his own persuasive skills in the Cabinet, he was able to argue for a doubling of the roads budget and a tenfold increase in rail investment.
The establishment of Infrastructure Australia was regarded by many as a success; projects delivered through the Infrastructure Australia process included Melbourne's Regional Rail Link, the Hunter Expressway, the Ipswich Motorway, the Gold Coast light rail system , the Redcliffe Peninsula railway line, the extension of the Noarlunga Centre railway line to Seaford, South Australia and various projects along the Pacific Highway in NSW and Bruce Highway in Queensland.
Following the 2010 election which resulted in a hung parliament, Albanese was a key player in negotiating the support of independent members Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott through his role of Leader of the House.
The first on urban planning drew on the work of Danish designer Jan Gehl and set out plans for urban design with better transport links and safety.
The second, on shipping, was notable for gaining the approval of both the conservative Australian Shipowners Associations and the radical Maritime Union of Australia.
This caused outrage among supporters of the protest and a week later a public rally in support of the truckies was held outside Albanese's electorate office in .
Shortly before the ballot, Albanese came out in support of Rudd, stating that he had always been unhappy with the manner of Rudd's removal.
He tearfully explained how he had offered his resignation as Leader of the House to the Prime Minister, but that she had refused to accept it, and called on Labor to cease leadership divisions and unify.
That same ballot saw Albanese elected by the caucus as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party, and the following day Albanese was sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister.
Following the defeat of Labor at the 2013 election, Albanese announced his candidacy to be Leader of the Labor Party, standing against Bill Shorten.
Shorten was announced as the winner after a month-long contest that was the first to involve a combined vote of MPs and rank-and-file members.
In October 2013, shortly after the leadership election, Shorten appointed Albanese Shadow Minister for Infrastructure and Transport and Shadow Minister for Tourism; he would hold these roles throughout Shorten's time as leader.
Bill Shorten announced his resignation as Leader of the Labor Party on 18 May 2019, following Labor's unexpected defeat in the 2019 election.
On 21 May, Chris Bowen announced he would also contest the ballot; however, the next day, he announced his withdrawal, citing his lack of support among the party membership.
Aged 56 when he took office, he is the oldest first-time Opposition Leader in 59 years, since Arthur Calwell (aged 63) took office in 1960.
Albanese is married to Carmel Tebbutt, former Deputy Premier of New South Wales and former member for the state electoral district of Marrickville, which until its abolition in 2015 overlapped with Grayndler in Sydney's inner west.
He is also a music fan who reportedly once went to a Pogues gig in a Pixies shirt and intervened as Transport Minister to save a Dolly Parton tour from bureaucratic red tape.
As a lifelong supporter of the South Sydney Rabbitohs, he was a board member of the club from 1999 to 2002 and influential in the fight to have the club readmitted to the National Rugby League competition.
Albanese admitted he had phoned the NRL chief executive, David Gallop, as well as other league officials, to advise them against the idea.
He was an independent member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 until October 2007, representing the electorate of Calare, New South Wales.
He was a teacher, television reporter, presenter and producer and radio and television news editor with Prime Television and 2GZ before entering politics.
He was not only displeased with the quality of candidates in the field to succeed longtime Labor incumbent David Simmons, but felt that rural Australia was losing its voice in Canberra.
However, owing partly to his name recognition (Prime's service area covered most of the electorate), Andren won the seat after Labor's preferences flowed overwhelmingly to him, taking 63 percent of the two-candidate vote.
He held the seat without serious difficulty in the next three elections; his two candidate-preferred vote of over 75 per cent in 2001 made Calare the second-safest seat in Australia.
He had been an active opponent of genetically modified crops, and was involved with the Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Regional Services.
Andren was known to join with the other two rural independent members, Bob Katter and Tony Windsor, in raising regional issues with the Parliament and media.
A redistribution of electoral boundaries in 2006 effectively cut Calare in half and reduced Andren's notional majority, leading to speculation that he might have stood for the neighbouring seat of Macquarie, which now included former Calare cities Bathurst and Lithgow, at the next election.
On 29 March 2007, he instead made an announcement that he would stand down from Calare to contest a New South Wales seat in the Senate—a race that it was widely believed he would win.
Due to his illness, he had to abandon his candidacy for a seat in the Senate and he saw out his term as member for Calare until the parliament was dissolved on 17 October, before the 2007 election.
He died less than three weeks later, on 3 November, survived by his partner Valerie Faber, his two sons Greg and Josh and his ex-wife Jenny Price.
Cullen was one of 14 Progressive Democrats TDs elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1987 general election, the first election after the party was founded.
During his first period as a TD he served as his party's spokesperson on Tourism, Transport and Communications (1987–1988) and Industry and Commerce (1988–1989).
During the intervening period he was elected to Waterford City Council, before returning to the Dáil at the 1992 general election.
In 1997 a Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats coalition government came to power and Cullen was appointed Minister of State at the Department of Finance.
He was also given responsibility for the Office of Public Works where he made huge progress in restoring the reputation of that Department with number of high-profile projects, such as Leinster House 2000 and the purchase of the Farmleigh estate from Edward Guinness.
As Minister responsible for elections, he inherited a previous government decision to move to a electronic-based system which was successfully tested by the previous government.
However a media-led campaign which became highly politicized, derailed public confidence in the new system coupled with a desire to retain the old paper system.
Ireland assumed the European Presidency during his tenure and he became President of the European Environmental Council and played a significant role at the world Earth Summits.
Two independent reports have cleared him of any wrongdoing in the awarding of lucrative Public Relations contracts to Monica Leech, who subsequently became President of Waterford Chambers of Commerce.
With the support of a majority of Dáil Éireann, he was the minister responsible for the stock market flotation of Aer Lingus, Ireland's national airline.
Some critics at the time suggested that it was important that Ireland, as an island nation, retain control of an airline in order to ensure connectivity to nearby countries.
Shortly after the privatisation, Irish-based private airline Ryanair attempted a takeover of Aer Lingus which was eventually blocked by other shareholders including the government (who retained a 28.3% share), Aer Lingus employee groups and Irish businessman Denis O'Brien.
In August 2007, Aer Lingus announced that it would cease flying from Shannon Airport to London Heathrow Airport, instead using its Heathrow slots to fly from Belfast International Airport in Northern Ireland.
The airport access slots are held by Aer Lingus for historical reasons, as the national carrier for the Republic of Ireland.
In December 2008 he courted controversy by commenting on national radio that he would be supportive of having an Irish football club taking part in England's Premier League, despite the damage such a development would have on domestic football in Ireland, and the comments were also seen as unsuitable for the Minister for Arts, Sports, and Tourism.
In March 2009, a helicopter which was carrying him from Killarney to Dublin made an emergency landing shortly after take-off, because a door had fallen off.
Cullen dismissed criticism at his use of the Air Corps helicopter, and said there had been no unnecessary spending on his travel.
On 21 January 2010, he published his speech to the forum on Defamation Law, in which he spoke of his experiences of false allegations of adultery in the press.
Cullen described how he had been pursued by the media, with reporters harassing him, photographers following him, even once a photograph of him, the Taoiseach and his secretary, and a third man at a state function was altered to make it appear he was dining alone with the woman.
Cullen announced his resignation from his ministerial office and as a TD on 8 March 2010, due to a back ailment that had been troubling him severely in the preceding months.
He presided over the House during the special sitting in May 2001 to mark the centenary of the Parliament of Australia, which met in the Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne, as did the first Parliament in 1901.
Along with Leo McLeay and Bronwyn Bishop, Andrew was one of only three Speakers (as of 2014) to be subjected to a motion of no confidence.
However, a redistribution ahead of the 2004 elections pushed his seat well to the south to take in heavily pro-Labor northern Adelaide suburbs that had previously been in the safe Labor seat of Bonython.
Andrew held his old seat with a comfortably safe majority of 14 percent, but the reconfigured Wakefield had a Labor majority of just over one percent.
Prior to the new boundaries being announced, Andrew notified Prime Minister John Howard that he would not renominate for Wakefield in the upcoming election.
The area was originally explored by British settlers in 1789 and the nearby eminence to the west of the Hawkesbury River was known by them as 'Richmond Hill'.
The name was given by Governor Phillip, in honour of Charles Lennox, the third Duke of Richmond who was Master General of Ordnance in the Pitt administration.
It is perhaps the first time that the colonial authorities sent in the troopers and expressly stated their intent to 'destroy' the whole local Aboriginal population of an area.
One of the early settlers, James Blackman, built Bowman Cottage from brick nog, a common construction technique in the colony, using money borrowed from William Cox.
The building was restored by the NSW Public Works Department and then became a Division of the Australian Foundation for the Disabled, providing employment for the disabled.
The location of this bunker is unknown but it has been reported that this bunker was identical to the Bankstown Bunker which is currently buried under a public park in Bankstown.
Richmond has a range of educational facilities, from primary and high schools to Technical and Further Education (TAFE), including a private Registered Training Organisation (RTO), National Training Masters and the Hawkesbury Campus of Western Sydney University.
There are three primary schools in Richmond (although there are many more in the Richmond/Hawkesbury area): Richmond Public School, Hobartville Public School and St Monica's Primary School, a comprehensive Catholic school.
Richmond High School is the only High School in the town of Richmond, as Colo High School draws from the area west of Richmond and Windsor High School to the east.
The expansion of the Sydney suburban area has almost reached Richmond and it is now considered to be an outer suburb of Sydney.
Richmond railway station is the terminus of the Richmond branch of the North Shore, Northern & Western Line of the Sydney Trains network.
Richmond is surrounded by the 329 km Richmond Woodlands Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of the importance of the patches of remnant eucalypt woodland it contains for endangered regent honeyeaters and swift parrots.
Richmond's extreme summer temperatures are also credited to föhn wind sweeping off the Central Tablelands down into the foothills of the suburb.
He is currently a backbench Member of the House of Representatives for the seat of Menzies, to which he was first elected at the 1991 by-election.
Previously, Andrews served in the Howard Government as the Minister for Ageing, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, and then the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship until the 2007 election where his party lost government.
Following the 2009 Liberal leadership ballot, Andrews served in the Shadow Cabinet of Tony Abbott as shadow minister for Families, Housing and Human Services until the 2013 election where his party won government.
At the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Andrews unsuccessfully contested for the Liberal deputy leadership against Julie Bishop, while supporting Tony Abbott against Malcolm Turnbull as Liberal leader.
He was educated at the Rosedale Primary School, St Patrick's College, Sale and the University of Melbourne, where he lived at Newman College and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1979 and a Bachelor of Arts in 1980.
After graduation, he worked for the Law Institute of Victoria from 1980 to 1983, as a research solicitor and co-ordinator of Continuing Legal Education.
From 1983 to 1985, he served as associate to Sir James Gobbo, Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria, and subsequently the Governor of Victoria.
While practising law he specialised in health law and bioethics and was involved with the St Vincent's Bioethics Centre, the Mercy Hospital for Women, the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Lincoln School of Health Sciences.
Andrews was a member of the Lyons Forum, a socially conservative Christian group within the Coalition that was disbanded in the mid-1990s.
Andrews called for an end to trials of the RU-486 drug and voted against a bill that took away the Health Minister's power to veto applications to allow the drug to be used.
He also took a stance against stem cell research during a debate in 2006, which resulted in the overturning of a previous ban on the research.
After the Coalition's third victory in 2001, Andrews was brought into the outer ministry as Minister for Ageing, a portfolio in which he served from 26 November 2001 to 7 October 2003.
He was subsequently appointed to Cabinet as the Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and was responsible for introducing the Howard Government's major changes to industrial relations law in 2005, commonly known as WorkChoices.
In a reshuffle in early 2007, Andrews was made Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, a position which he held until the swearing-in of the First Rudd Ministry on 3 December 2007, following the defeat of the Howard Government in the 2007 election.
During 2008 and 2009, he served as Chairman of the Coalition's Policy Review Committee, reviewing and developing the Opposition's policies, until he was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet (to the position of Shadow Minister for Families, Housing and Human Services) in December 2009 by the newly elected Opposition Leader, Tony Abbott.
In November 2009, Andrews declared his candidacy against Malcolm Turnbull in a vote for a leadership spill, in opposition to Turnbull's support for the government's emissions trading scheme.
He had declared himself a climate change sceptic, saying that 'the jury is still out' on human contributions to global warming.
In the 2010 federal election, Andrews was re-elected to the seat of Menzies with a 2.7-point swing against the Labor Party.
Andrews chairs the Joint Standing Committee on the National Disability Insurance Scheme, the Human Rights Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, the Coalition Policy Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, and the Australia–China Parliamentary Friendship Group.
On 14 September 2015, after Deputy Leader Julie Bishop announced she would support Malcolm Turnbull in challenge against Prime Minister Tony Abbott for the leadership of the Liberal Party, Andrews announced he supported Abbott and would stand for the deputy leadership against Bishop.
As Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Andrews attracted controversy after he revoked on character grounds the visa of Dr Muhamed Haneef, who had been granted bail on charges of aiding terrorists.
This was criticised as a move to keep Haneef in detention; upon posting bail, Haneef would have been transferred from Brisbane's Wolston Correctional Centre to Sydney's Villawood Detention Centre.
Following the Director of Public Prosecutions dropping all charges against Haneef, Andrews refused calls to reinstate Haneef's visa, stating that his personal evidence was still valid.
Andrews' justification of his decision, that he had a reasonable suspicion that Haneef had associated with suspected terrorists and therefore failed the test of good character that a person must pass to keep a visa, was rejected in the Federal Court, and the revocation of Haneef's visa was overturned.
Following Andrews' criticism of irregularities discovered in the CV of an Indian doctor working on the Gold Coast, various media organisations carried reports disputing Andrews' claim on parliamentary and ministerial websites to have co-authored three books, having contributed only a chapter to each.
In addition members of the Australian community viewed Andrews as responsible for creating a racial tension leading to anti-African sentiment in the community and racially based attacks on Sudanese migrants in Australia.
He is an advisor to the Board of Life Decisions International (LDI), a (non-denominational) Christian pro-life group that is primarily concerned with opposing abortion and the agenda of the Planned Parenthood organisation.
LDI promotes chastity, boycotts corporations that fund Planned Parenthood, such as GlaxoSmithKline, Time Warner and Disney, and names individual celebrities who support abortion, euthanasia or embryonic stem cell experimentation.
On 9 April 2003, Andrews made a speech to the Endeavour Forum, a conservative Christian group founded to counter the feminist movement which opposes abortion, equal opportunity and affirmative action.
He is a vocal public opponent of same-sex marriage and has publicly stated he will vote against any bill, regardless of the results of the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey.
Just under 70% of the migrant intake are in the 15–44 age cohort, compared to 43% of the Australian population as a whole.
Andrews was an Adjunct Lecturer in Politics and in Marriage Education in the John Paul II Institute for Marriage and Family in Melbourne.
He was a National Party of Australia member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Richmond, New South Wales, from the March 1996 election until his defeat in the 2004 election.
Anthony was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and educated at Canberra Grammar School before attending university at the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Anthony first ran in Richmond in 1993, losing to Labor incumbent Neville Newell—the first time that a member of the Anthony family had lost an election.
However, due to demographic changes over the previous two decades that made Richmond much more compact and urban, Anthony was never able to establish nearly as secure a hold on the seat as his father and grandfather possessed when they held it for 47 consecutive years from 1937 to 1984.
In 2004, he was defeated by Labor's Justine Elliot, being the only Coalition MP from a rural electorate to lose his seat and the first member of the Anthony family to be unseated at an election.
On the seventh count, Elliot picked up a large flow of Green preferences, allowing her to defeat Anthony by 301 votes.
Anthony was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Trade 1998–99, Minister for Community Services 1999–2001 and Minister for Children and Youth Affairs from 2001 to 2004.
He is a Fellow of the Financial Services Institute of Australia and a fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors..
Larry was appointed (2005 - 2012) as Chair of The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award - Australia and from 2012 to current as President/Chair of The Friends of The Duke of Edinburgh Award in Australia.
Waterfall is bordered to the north by the suburb of Heathcote, with Engadine further north; by The Royal National Park to the east; and by Heathcote National Park to the west.
Its local school has only two rooms which have kindergarten to 2nd class in one room, and 3rd class to 6th class in another.
Waterfall was a town created by rail workers, who built the line from Sydney to Wollongong in the late 19th century.
It is the highest point on the line, with a steep rising gradient at one end, and a falling gradient at the other end, and sidings were provided in both directions to allow freight wagons to be stowed and shunted.
The Waterfall train collision on 20 December 1994 involved two S-set electric trains which collided in the early hours of the morning during a shunting procedure at Waterfall station in the south of Sydney.
The Waterfall train disaster on 31 January 2003 involved an interurban train service operated by unit G7, which crashed just past Waterfall.
The cause of G7's crash was determined to be the heart attack of the driver and a failure of the safety equipment and the guard to stop the train.
Waterfall is the last suburb heading south on the Princes Highway before it leads into the Princes Motorway (formerly known as the F6 freeway) to the city of Wollongong.
Waterfall is also a stop on the NSW TrainLink South Coast Line, with platform 1 to Sydney terminal, platform 2 to Port Kembla, Dapto and Kiama.
It is 49.9 miles (80 km) from Grand Central Terminal and travel time to Grand Central is approximately one hour, 17 minutes.
Garrison Landing was built around the station, which along with the line was acquired by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1864, and like many others on the Hudson Line, it is also right on the Hudson River.
In 1892, NYC&HR rebuilt the station with elements of the Italianate, Victorian Gothic and Hudson River Bracketed styles, similar to stations such as Dobbs Ferry.
On October 24, 1897, the Garrison train crash occurred south of the station at Kings Dock resulting in 19 deaths (mostly from drowning) and hundreds of injuries.
In April 1945, the station was a stop on the funeral train of Franklin D. Roosevelt, where West Pointers could pay tribute to the dead president as his body was transported to Hyde Park.
The station house became a Penn Central station upon the merger between NYC and Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968, like many NYCRR stations in Putnam County.
Bankruptcy for Penn Central in 1970 forced them to turn passenger service over to the MTA in 1972, even through the period when it was taken over by Conrail in 1976, and then by Metro-North Railroad in 1983 which rebuilt a new station south of the former NYC station house.
The former station house became a contributing property to the Garrison Landing Historic District in 1982, and has been the headquarters of the Philipstown Depot Theatre since 1996.
Eugeniusz Bodo (born Bohdan Eugène Junod; 18991943) was a film director, producer and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the inter-war period.
Towards the end of that decade he also became a successful entrepreneur, a co-owner of a successful film studio, a café and a producers company.
However, shortly after the German invasion of the Soviet Union he was arrested by the NKVD and sentenced to 5 years of lager/labor camp as a result of NKVD Interrogation carried out by NKVD chief Pyotr Fedotov signed on 20 October 1942 (source: documents sent to Poland by the Russian Red Cross in 1992).
Initially imprisoned in Butyrki prison in Moscow, he was not released following the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement as the Soviet authorities argued that he was not a Pole but rather a Swiss citizen and hence the Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union did not apply to him.
His whereabouts remained unknown for another 50 years, before the collapse of communism in 1989 the Soviets gave the false version that Bodo had been murdered by the Germans in 1941.
Grimethorpe is located to the east of Barnsley and south of Hemsworth; until the local government reorganisation of 1974, it was part of the Hemsworth district and constituency.
Since the 1984–85 miners' strike accelerated the downscale of UK coal mining and international cheap open-cast mining provoked closure of its colliery in May 1993.
Following the Norman conquest, the Brierley-Grimethorpe area came under the rule of the De Laceys of Pontefract, with a local Saxon owner.
In 1066, this owner was Ernui who was said to have six carucates of land at Brerelia and Hindelia, valued at forty shillings.
This land was given after the Norman conquest to Airic who was given the whole of Staincross wapentake by Ilbert de Lacey, the Norman of Pontefract.
It was about ten miles from north to south and about twenty miles from east to west, its boundaries being in the northeast the high ridge on which Brierley stands and in the southwest the water shed of the Pennines.
A stone cross called Ladycross was erected near Grimethorpe, probably by the monks of Monk Bretton Priory, as a place of sanctuary, there being an old law protecting people on Church lands.
The Lady referred to in the place names of Ladycross, Ladywell and Ladywood is probably Mary Magdalene to whom Monk Bretton Priory was dedicated.
On a well- hidden site between Brierley and Grimethorpe stood the fortified Manor of Hall Steads (the name means 'hall site'), which belonged to the early Brereley estate.
The two pits in the village were 'Grimethorpe' and 'Ferrymoor' which merged with 'Riddings' in 1967, which in turn merged with 'South Kirkby' in 1985.
Grimethorpe colliery was one of the deepest pits in Britain and, following similar mergers with 'Houghton Main' and 'Dearne Valley', employed 6,000 men at the time of its closure in May 1993.
During mid-October of the 1984-85 miners' strike, there was a series of riots in Grimethorpe and local residents complained that the policing was too heavy-handed.
This sparked a period of regeneration and much of the denser basic housing was demolished and replaced with new housing stock.
Historically Grimethorpe had road links to the major compass points without natural barriers but was distant to major cities and its public transport was represented by long-distance bus routes; comparable ex-mining-centric villages in West Yorkshire such as Fitzwilliam and South Elmsall have rail links to Leeds and a greater population supporting local retail and commerce.
This has brought many jobs to the area especially the construction of a huge unit occupied by South Yorkshire-based furniture company Symphony.
Since this time regeneration work has continued with the opening of the large ASOS distribution centre, and many other industrial units on the Park Springs Industrial Estate.
Willowgarth High School was demolished to be replaced by larger Outwood Academy Shafton, the secondary school with a main catchment area including Grimethorpe, Shafton, Brierley, Cudworth, Monk Bretton and Lundwood.
Grimethorpe has had two senior football clubs – Grimethorpe Athletic, who played in the FA Cup from 1904 to 1953, and Grimethorpe Miners' Welfare, who competed in the FA Vase.
The station is open part-time, serving one peak hour (weekday) train in each direction (one at 8:09 in the morning towards New York and 7:21 in the evening towards Poughkeepsie), and six weekend trains each direction.
The Manitou station is one of three stations–along with Breakneck Ridge on the Hudson Line and Appalachian Trail on the Harlem Line–that receives limited passenger service.
There is no elevated platform and facilities at the station, one of two on the line adjacent to a grade crossing, are limited to a small shelter with the current schedule posted inside.
This station has two low-level side platforms, each long enough for just one door of one car to receive and discharge passengers.
It is just south of a grade crossing whose gates remain down as long as any northbound train is in the station.
The former station building built by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1874 still stands, although it is no longer staffed.
The freight depot, was the site of a February 19, 1861 visit by Abraham Lincoln who stopped there during his train trip to his inauguration.
The railroad was acquired by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in November 1869, and they rebuilt the passenger station in 1874.
NYC&HR rebuilt the freight depot around 1890 and today it is on the National Register of Historic Places, as is the Standard House which served the railroad, as well as ships on the Hudson River.
With the railroads in decline during the post-WW II era, New York Central merged with their long time rival Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 and the station became a Penn Central station.
Amtrak took over intercity passenger service in 1971, but Peekskill station continued to serve only the expanded Penn Central Hudson Division trains which by that time ran to Poughkeepsie and were subsidized by the MTA.
Conrail took over Penn Central in 1976 and ran Hudson Branch trains as far north as Albany until 1981 when they reverted to Poughkeepsie where it has remained ever since.
One reason for the use of the pennywhistle is that it is cheap and portable, but it also lends itself as a solo or an ensemble instrument.
The popularity of the pennywhistle may have been based on the fact that flutes of different kinds have long been traditional instruments among the peoples of the more northerly parts of South Africa, and the pennywhistle thus enabled the swift adaptation of folk tunes into the new marabi-influenced music.
It is said that the young men who played the pennywhistle on street corners also acted as lookouts to warn those enjoying themselves in the shebeens of the arrival of the police.
Kwela music was influenced by blending the music of Malawian immigrants to South Africa, together with the local South African sounds.
The music was popularised in South Africa and then brought to Malawi, where contemporary Malawian artists have also begun producing Khwela music.
Although it has been asserted that Khwela music exclusively uses the chord progression I-IV-Iformula_1-V., others maintain that there is no specific Khwela chord progression, and that I-IV-V-I and I-I-IV-V are particularly prevalent.
Artists such as Lemmy Mabaso were renowned for their pennywhistle skills, and Spokes Mashiyane was one of the most prominent with his kwela pennywhistle tunes.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z, and a desktop version for x86-64.
All of Red Hat's official support and training, together with the Red Hat Certification Program, focuses on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform.
Red Hat uses strict trademark rules to restrict free re-distribution of their officially supported versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, but still freely provides its source code.
They are offered to schools and students, are less expensive, and are provided with Red Hat technical support as an optional extra.
The reason for this is that the ES product is indeed the company's base enterprise server product, while AS is the more advanced product.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release schedules do not follow that of Fedora (around 6 months per release) but are more conservative (2 years or more).
For example, RHEL 6 was forked from Fedora at the end of 2009 (approximately at the time of the Fedora 12 release) and released more or less together with Fedora 14.
(Note about Fedora Core 1 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3: Red Hat released Red Hat Linux 10 beta 1, then took two forks from that codebase to seed both Fedora Core 1 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 beta releases.
In addition, the Fedora project includes Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL), a community-provided set of packages for RHEL going beyond the ones that Red Hat selected for inclusion in its supported distribution.
Fedora is a general purpose system that gives Red Hat and the rest of its contributor community the chance to innovate rapidly with new technologies.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial enterprise operating system and has its own set of test phases including alpha and beta releases which are separate and distinct from Fedora development.
Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux is based completely on free and open source software, Red Hat makes available the complete source code to its enterprise distribution through its FTP site to anybody who wants it.
Accordingly, several groups have taken this source code and compiled their own versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, typically with the only changes being the removal of any references to Red Hat's trademarks and pointing the update systems to non-Red Hat servers.
Groups which have undertaken this include CentOS, Oracle Linux, Scientific Linux, White Box Enterprise Linux, StartCom Enterprise Linux, Pie Box Enterprise Linux, X/OS, Lineox, and Bull's XBAS for high-performance computing.
Rebuilds of Red Hat Enterprise Linux are free but do not get any commercial support or consulting services from Red Hat and lack any software, hardware or security certifications.
Unusually, Red Hat took steps to obfuscate their changes to the Linux kernel for 6.0 by not publicly providing the patch files for their changes in the source tarball, and only releasing the finished product in source form.
Red Hat's CTO Brian Stevens later confirmed the change, stating that certain information (such as patch information) would now only be provided to paying customers to make the Red Hat product more competitive against the growing number of companies offering support for products based on RHEL.
CentOS developers had no objections to the change since they do not make any changes to the kernel beyond what is provided by Red Hat.
The life cycle of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is at least seven years for versions 3 and 4, and spans at least 10 years for versions 5, 6 and 7.
To maintain a stable application binary interface (ABI), Red Hat does not update the kernel version, but instead backports new features to the same kernel version with which a particular version of RHEL has been released.
Consequently, RHEL may use a Linux kernel with a dated version number, yet the kernel is up-to-date regarding not only security fixes, but also certain features.
One specific example is the socket option which was added to Linux kernel 3.9, and was subsequently backported and became available since RHEL 6.5, which uses version 2.6.32 of the Linux kernel.
For the first 6 months of the EUS channel / yum repo, features may be added, but then the channel is locked down so that only bug and security fixes are patched.
EUS allows the organization / company to stay on a minor version if required by a third party application which is only tested with a particular minor version of RHEL, such as Oracle Database, IBM DB2, IBM Cloud Orchestrator, hortonworks.
There may also be extra costs associated with using the EUS repos/channels depending on the agreement the organization / company has with Red Hat.
The standard base channel for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, which is the most recent minor release aka rhel 7Y where y is the latest greatest.
In addition to normal OS updates, RHEL 8 also maintains application streams to allow for certain applications to be supported and updated independent of the base OS and to match the maintenance stream of the application vendor.
Each application stream will be supported from two to five years with new versions only available during the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Full Support Phase.
The new facility includes an overpass extension that ties the original station east of the tracks with a new entrance on the west side off NY 9A, new parking and a landscaped, canopy-covered, intermodal drop-off plaza.
The leaves are arranged in decussate pairs, scale-like, 3–10 mm long, glossy green above, and marked with vivid white stomatal bands below; they have a distinctive thick, almost fleshy texture.
The seed cones are ovoid, 7–15 mm long and 6–10 mm diameter, with 6–12 thick scales, brown with a violet-white wax bloom when fresh.
In the latter two regions, planting is confined to areas with good rainfall or in gardens with reliable irrigation, as the species is not drought tolerant.
She has been the Lord Mayor of the City of Sydney since 2004 and is currently the longest serving Lord Mayor of Sydney since the creation of the City of Sydney in 1842.
She was an independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 2012, representing the electorates of Bligh (1988–2007) and Sydney (2007–2012).
Clover Margaret Collins was born in 1945 and grew up in the suburb of Gordon, on Sydney's North Shore, one of three daughters of Kathleen and Francis Collins.
Moore matriculated to the University of Sydney, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1969 and a Diploma of Education from the Sydney Teachers' College, and resided at Sancta Sophia College.
After graduation she began work as an English and History teacher at Fort Street High School, before moving to London to teach for several years.
However in 1981, the New South Wales Government amalgamated the South Sydney Council with the City of Sydney, and Moore was subsequently elected to the newly formed Sydney City Council from 1981.
Moore developed a visible profile in the community, campaigning on a variety of issues both in her position as councillor and in the broader community.
In 1987 the state government abruptly sacked the Sydney City Council and appointed a board of commissioners to run it until new elections could be held.
Instead of standing again for council, Moore decided to run for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as an independent at the 1988 election.
In the same year, she was re-elected for a second term with a massive swing in her favour, increasing her share from 26.7 per cent to 43 per cent.
Her power also increased dramatically when, along with fellow independents Peter Macdonald and Tony Windsor, she gained the balance of power in the Legislative Assembly.
Moore was to again take the spotlight when the Independent Commission Against Corruption handed down a finding that was sharply critical of Liberal Premier Nick Greiner on 1 June 1992.
While the findings were still pending a ruling in the NSW Court of Appeals, Moore and two other Independent MPs made a symbolic march to the NSW Parliament with a threat to withdraw their support of the coalition's minority-government.
The LGBT community thanked her for her support by featuring likenesses of her in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras parade that year.
Although she sat as an independent in parliament, Moore often worked with other minor parties and independents, particularly with the Australian Democrats, who sponsored some of her bills in the upper house and Moore encouraged voters at the 2011 state election to vote for the Democrats in the upper house, along with South Coast Independent MP, John Hatton.
Following her re-election as mayor in the 2012 elections, she was forced to resign the state seat she held for 24 years before the first meeting of the new council.
This resulted in a 2012 Sydney by-election on 27 October in which she endorsed independent candidate Alex Greenwich of the Australian Marriage Equality advocacy group who won in a landslide victory.
In early 2004, the Labor Party government under Bob Carr sacked and re-amalgamated the City of Sydney and South Sydney Councils.
The move came largely as a surprise, with then-Lord Mayor Lucy Turnbull being notified by a fax posted under her door.
The decision to amalgamate the two councils was widely interpreted by the media as an attempt to get the Labor candidate, former federal minister Michael Lee, elected as Lord Mayor, as it would bring a large area of largely Labor-voting suburbs into the City of Sydney.
Despite a spirited challenge from Lee, who was supported by much of the business community which had concerns about Moore's anti-development stance, Moore won.
Though she had made a point of not directing voting preferences in her four election campaigns in the Legislative Assembly, Moore decided to support a team of independents for the council race.
This turned out to be quite successful, with four of her team of six – John McInerney, Robyn Kemmis, Marcelle Hoff and Phillip Black – being elected to council.
In the 2016 NSW local government elections she was comfortably returned to office, improving her vote 8.0% to win 59.1% of the popular vote.
It has installed bicycle lanes; upgraded its car fleet to hybrids; planted 10,000 trees; provided 600 on-street car-share spaces; installed Sydney's largest building-based solar photovoltaic system; installed water harvesting in 11 major parks and voted to install two new trigeneration plants.
Moore stated in an article on Impakter.com in September 2018 that emissions in Sydney have been reduced by 52% and the use of water by 36% since the year 2006 and that the city aims to become carbon neutral.
On 27 October 2007 Moore proposed a Private Members Bill that would ban the sale of dogs, cats and other mammals in NSW pet stores, and effectively ban the breeding of crossbred dogs.
Bike lanes constructed through Sydney angered many local residents for reducing parking and critics attacked the cost while other groups, including local headmasters and school groups, applauded them.
Between 2014 and 2017 'Cloud Arch', a steel sculpture intended to be installed over George Street in Sydney, had its budget rise from to 11.3 million dollars.
It has been criticised for both the rise in cost, after a re-design, and for not being suited to the city's aesthetic.
It is the main transfer point between the Hudson Line's local and express service and marks the endpoint of third rail electrification on the route.
Ma'anshan (), also colloquially written as Maanshan, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of Anhui province in Eastern China.
An industrial city stretching across the Yangtze River, Ma'anshan borders Hefei to the west, Wuhu to the southwest, and Nanjing to the east.
It is a satellite city of the Nanjing metropolitan area and is also a city in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone.
As of the 2010 census, Ma'anshan was home to 2,202,899 inhabitants, of whom 1,366,302 lived in the built-up area made of three urban districts and Dangtu County, which is largely urbanized.
In September 2012, Jinjiazhuang District was dissolved and merged with Huashan District, while part of Dangtu County was split and established as Bowang District.
According to legend, the name came to be when the Western Chu hegemon Xiang Yu was fleeing from the Battle of Gaixia.
Rather than be captured, the defeated general killed himself at the area now known as Ma'anshan after ensuring that his beloved horse would be ferried across the river to safety.
The coming of a railroad and the opening of the Huai-nan coalfield in the 1930s made it possible for the Japanese to open an iron and steel works in 1938.
Although destroyed at the end of the Second World War, the industries were restored to production in 1953, and Ma'anshan grew rapidly under the Communists' first and second Five-Year Plans.
Its climate is similar to other cities in the Yangtze River Delta, with lower humidity that makes its summers and winters less extreme.
Ma'anshan city has an annual manufacture investment ranking No.1 in Anhui Province and her GDP ranks No.4 in Anhui Province after Hefei, Anqing and Wuhu.
Ma'anshan's population ranks No.16 in the province and has a GDP per capita of US$7,118 which is No.1 in Anhui Province and near the average of Yangtze River Delta.
Maanshan has been identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Ma'anshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China.
The deep water river port of Ma'anshan, with custom offices ensures fast and inexpensive transportation to other cities both in the East coast, and the inner cities along the Yangtze River.
Nanjing Lukou International Airport is from Ma'anshan, with direct flights to every corner of China and also daily flights to Europe.
The city has one Yangtze River crossing—the Ma'anshan Yangtze River Bridge, opened in 2013, enables direct road access to cities in northern Anhui.
The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider silk to make a cradle in which the actual nest is built.
They have short rounded wings, a long tail, strong legs and a sharp bill with curved tip to the upper mandible.
The sexes are identical, except that the male has long central tail feathers in the breeding season, although the reliability of sexing data accompanying museum specimens used in determining this sexual dimorphism has been questioned.
These are due to the dark pigmented and bare skin that are present in both sexes and sometimes give the appearance of a dark gorget.
The birds roost alone during the non-breeding season but may roost side-by-side during the breeding season, sometimes with the newly fledged juvenile sandwiched between the adults.
The roost sites chosen are thin twigs on trees with cover above them and were often close to human habitation and lights.
In Sri Lanka the main breeding periods are March to May and August to September, although they can breed throughout the year.
The nest is a deep cup, lined with soft materials and placed in thick foliage and the leaves holding the nest have the upper surfaces outwards making it difficult to spot.
The punctures made on the edge of the leaves are minute and do not cause browning of the leaves, further aiding camouflage.
One observer noted that the birds did not utilize cotton that was made available while another observer, Edward Hamilton Aitken, was able to induce them to use artificially supplied cotton.
The female alone incubates according to some sources, while others suggest that both sexes incubate; however, both parents take part in feeding and sanitation.
An unusual case of a pair of tailorbirds adopting chicks in an artificially translocated nest belonging to a different pair has been recorded.
Trained within the Neo-Kantian Marburg School, he initially followed his mentor Hermann Cohen in attempting to supply an idealistic philosophy of science.
After Cohen's death, Cassirer developed a theory of symbolism and used it to expand phenomenology of knowledge into a more general philosophy of culture.
After working for many years as a at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, Cassirer was elected in 1919 to the philosophy chair at the newly founded University of Hamburg, where he lectured until 1933, supervising amongst others the doctoral theses of Joachim Ritter and Leo Strauss.
After leaving Germany he taught for a couple of years at the University of Oxford, before becoming a professor at Gothenburg University.
When Cassirer considered Sweden too unsafe, he applied for a post at Harvard University, but was rejected because thirty years earlier he had rejected a job offer from them.
In 1941 he became a visiting professor at Yale University, then moved to Columbia University in New York City, where he lectured from 1943 until his death in 1945.
His grave is located in Westwood, New Jersey, on the Cedar Park Beth-El Cemeteries in the graves of the Congregation Habonim.
Warburg was an art historian who was particularly interested in ritual and myth as sources of surviving forms of emotional expression.
Although inter-subjective objective validity in the natural sciences derives from universal laws of nature, Cassirer asserts that an analogous type of inter-subjective objective validity takes place in the cultural sciences.
Cassirer sees Nazi Germany as a society in which the dangerous power of myth is not checked or subdued by superior forces.
The book discusses the opposition of logos and mythos in Greek thought, Plato's Republic, the medieval theory of the state, Machiavelli, Thomas Carlyle's writings on hero worship, the racial theories of Arthur de Gobineau, and Hegel.
Cassirer claimed that in 20th-century politics there was a return, with the passive acquiescence of Martin Heidegger, to the irrationality of myth, and in particular to a belief that there is such a thing as destiny.
Of this passive acquiescence, Cassirer says that in departing from Husserl's belief in an objective, logical basis for philosophy, Heidegger attenuated the ability of philosophy to oppose the resurgence of myth in German politics of the 1930s.
As a youth, during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, he moved to Poland to become the music tutor to the children of Princess Sapieha.
Organisation was a predecessor to Kraftwerk, which was formed by two members of the band, Ralf Hütter and Florian Schneider-Esleben, after the album's release.
Sales were poor and RCA opted to drop the band, which then dissolved following the departure of Hutter and Schneider-Esleben to Kraftwerk.
This song features the short-lived line-up of Florian Schneider, Michael Rother and Klaus Dinger (Ralf Hütter had left the group during this period to pursue studies in architecture).
Gideon Brand van Zyl, PC (; 3 June 1873 – 1 November 1956) was Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 1945 to 1950.
Born in Cape Town, he was the son of a prominent attorney, and he joined the family firm after qualifying at the University of Cape Town.
In World War I (1914–1918), he was Deputy Director of War Recruiting, and served in the Cape Peninsula Garrison Regiment (a home defence unit).
He was a member of the Cape Provincial Council (the provincial legislature) until 1918, and then a member of Parliament until 1942.
Arseny Grigoryevich Zverev (; 18 February 1900 – 27 July 1969) was a Soviet Russian politician, economist and statesman whose career spanned the rules of Stalin and Khrushchev, but culminated during the Stalin years.
After years in local politics, he rose to prominence as a Deputy Commissar of Finance, but he also held other lesser posts such as a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
As Deputy Commissar of Finance he was able to work up, and eventually get promoted to People's Commissar for Finance (renamed to Ministry in 1946).
Before attending university, Zverev worked from 1913 to 1919 at two factories, the first being Vysokovsky manufactory located in Moscow Oblast and Trekhgorny factory in the city of Moscow.
By 1919 he had joined both the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) (RCP(b)) and the Red Army to fight in the Russian Civil War.
In 1922, he became the head of the local Agitation and Propaganda Department, and two years later, an agent of the provincial Financial Department of Moscow.
In 1927 he became Chairman of the Executive Committee of Klin, and later in 1929, Head of Tax Administration of the Financial Department of Smolensk Oblast.
From 1931 to 1932 he attended the Moscow Institute of Finance and Economics and from 1936 to 1937 a District Council Chairman in Moscow.
Due to mass arrests perpetrated by the Soviet state in the 1930s, known as the Great Purge, Zverev along with many others were quickly promoted to the top of Soviet bureaucracy.
He was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union from 1937 to 1950 and again from 1954 to 1962.
In the meantime he held a range of offices in government, the first being the position of Deputy Commissar for Finance in September 1937 but was again quickly promoted, this time to the office of the People's Commissar for Finance, the head of Soviet finance.
During the Great Patriotic War, Zverev was responsible for providing the necessary funds for the Soviet military for the production of new equipment.
He got his old office back in December 1948 and in October 1952 became a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee.
Following his leave as Minister of Finance, he became Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on 1-2 and 4-5 convocations before leaving politics for good.
Irish had diminished as a spoken tongue, remaining the main daily language only in isolated rural areas, with English having become the dominant language in the majority of Ireland.
Interest in Gaelic culture was evident in the beginning of the nineteenth century with the formation of the Ulster Gaelic Society in 1830, and later in the scholarly works of John O'Donovan and Eugene O'Curry, and the foundation of the Ossianic Society.
Concern for spoken Irish led to the formation of the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language in 1876, and the Gaelic Union in 1880.
The objective of the League was to encourage the use of Irish in everyday life in order to counter the ongoing anglicisation of the country.
It organised weekly gatherings to discuss Irish culture, hosted conversation meetings, edited and periodically published a newspaper named , and successfully campaigned to have Irish included in the school curriculum.
It had fraught relationships with other cultural movements of the time, such as the Pan-Celtic movement and the Irish Literary Revival.
Early pioneers of Irish scholarship were John O'Donovan, Eugene O'Curry and George Petrie; O'Donovan and O'Curry found an outlet for their work in the Archaeological Society, founded in 1840.
From 1853, translations of Irish literary works, particularly mythological works of the Ossianic Cycle—associated with the Fianna—were published by the Ossianic Society, in which Standish Hayes O'Grady was active.
The Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language was formed in 1877 by, among others, George Sigerson and Thomas O'Neill Russell.
The secretary of that society, Father John Nolan, split with it in 1880 and formed the Gaelic Union, of which the president was The O'Conor Don, and whose members included Douglas Hyde and Michael Cusack.
Cusack's interest in Gaelic culture was not restricted to the language; he took a keen interest in the traditional games of Ireland, and in 1884, with Maurice Davin, he would found the Gaelic Athletic Association to promote the games of Gaelic football, hurling and handball.
Its first editor was David Comyn; he was followed by John Fleming, a prominent Irish scholar, and then Father Eugene O'Growney.
He said that the Irish people had become almost completely anglicised, and that this could only be reversed through building up the language.
Its focus on the vernacular form of language and modern literature distinguished it from the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language, The Celtic Society and the Gaelic Union.
Although it was more concerned with fostering the language in the home than with teaching it in schools, it was nonetheless successful in having Irish added to the curriculum; the number of schools teaching it rose from about a dozen in the 1880s to 1,300 in 1903.
In March of the following year, following a dispute with the owner, this was replaced by , with MacNeill again as editor.
In 1901 MacNeill was replaced as editor by Eoghan Ó Neachtain, who was in turn replaced in 1903 by Patrick Pearse.
The League also concerned itself with the folk music of Ireland, and was involved in the movement which led to the organisation of the Feis Ceoil (Festival of Music) by Annie Patterson in 1897.
The League's relations with contemporary cultural movements were strained, and sometimes hostile, despite the fact that some of the League's leaders were on friendly terms with those movements.
Pan-Celticism was viewed with suspicion by many members because its leaders in Ireland, especially Lord Castletown, were closely associated with the Irish establishment.
When Douglas Hyde was invited to the planned Pan-Celtic Congress of 1900—to be held in Dublin—as a delegate of the League, the (executive committee) refused to send any representative, though Hyde might attend as an individual if he wished.
The Irish Literary Revival was denounced because its works were written in English, not Irish, and therefore tended even more towards anglicisation.
Born in Vilna, he grew up poor and first worked braiding lace in Kovno, where he was associated with the devout, moralistic Musar movement of Rabbi Israel Salanter.
Forcibly conscripted into the Russian Army just before his twentieth birthday, he was soon released due to Czar Alexander II's revocation of the harsh conscription law.
However, life in New York was not conducive to his muse, and he wrote little in the years after his arrival in America, mostly poems rather than songs.
Zunser was saved from penury in his final years by a benefit performance on his behalf held at Cooper Union on March 30, 1905, which raised enough money to give him a pension.
Zsigmondy was born in Vienna, Austrian Empire, to Hungarian parents Irma Szakmáry, a poet born in Martonvásár, and Adolf Zsigmondy Sr., a scientist from Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava) who invented several surgical instruments for use in dentistry.
His elder brothers, Otto (a dentist) and Emil (a physician), were well-known mountain climbers; his younger brother, Karl Zsigmondy, became a notable mathematician in Vienna.
In high school Richard developed an interest in natural science, especially in chemistry and physics, and experimented in his home laboratory.
He began his academic career at the University of Vienna Medical Faculty, but soon moved to the Technical University of Vienna, and later to the University of Munich, to study chemistry under Wilhelm von Miller (1848–1899).
Zsigmondy left organic chemistry to join the physics group of August Kundt at the University of Berlin, and completed his habilitation at the University of Graz in 1893.
Because of his knowledge about glass and its colouring, in 1897 the Schott Glass factory offered him a job which he accepted.
His scientific career continued in 1908 at the University of Göttingen, where he stayed for the rest of his professional career as professor of inorganic chemistry.
In 1925, Zsigmondy received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on colloids and the methods he used, such as the ultramicroscope.
Before Zsigmondy finished his PhD thesis in organic chemistry, he published research on colouring glass with silver salts and dissolved silver particles, which he recovered by dissolving the glass in hydrofluoric acid.
The exact mechanism which yields the red colour of the Cranberry or Ruby glass was a result of his studies of colloids.
The establishment of a new city-fortress was a part of the deal between the Protestant nobility of Inner Austria and the archduke Charles II of Austria.
In exchange for their religious freedom the nobility agreed to finance the building of a new fortress against the Ottoman Empire.
It was founded as a six-pointed star fortress built on the Zrinski estate near the old town of Dubovac at the confluence of the Kupa and Korana rivers.
It was intentionally built on terrain exposed to flooding and disease from unhealthy water, with the intent to hamper the Turkish advance.
The first church (of the Holy Trinity) was built in the central square in 1580, but all of the city buildings burned down in the fire of 1594.
The forces of the Ottoman Empire laid siege to Karlovac seven times, the last time in 1672, but failed to occupy it.
As a military outpost of the Habsburg Monarchy, Karlovac was the site of the trial and execution of the best-known leader of the rebel Uskoks from the coastal fort of Senj, Ivan Vlatković.
He was executed in Karlovac on 3 July 1612 as an example to his troops who were creating difficulties for the Habsurgs by their piracy against Venetian shipping on the Adriatic Sea, and by marauding raids into the Ottoman hinterland.
When the Treaty of Paris (ratified in Madrid) was concluded in 1617, bringing an end to the war between Venice and the Habsburgs, under the terms of the treaty the Uskok families were forcibly removed from Senj and disbanded into the hinterland, most notably in the Žumberak hills near Karlovac.
Meanwhile, the fort was becoming too crowded for the city's expanding population and the Military Frontier government could not allow for its further growth.
Queen Maria Theresa, after long insistence from the Croatian Diet, restored the towns of Karlovac and Rijeka (Fiume) to the Croatian crownland on August 9, 1776.
Maria Theresa was also responsible for the founding of Gymnasium Karlovac, and later King Joseph II reaffirmed it as a free town with an official charter in 1781.
This allowed the citizens to expand the city and exploit the potential of being at the crossroads of paths from the Pannonian plains to the Adriatic coast.
The town blossomed in the 18th and 19th centuries with the development of roads to the seaside and waterways along the Kupa River.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Karlovac was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The southern sections of the city found themselves close to the front lines between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbian Krajina, with shelling devastating the neighborhoods of Turanj, Kamensko, as well as parts of Mekušje, Mala Švarča and Logorište.
The Karlovac City Museum has transformed the old Austrian military barracks of Turanj into a museum exhibition dedicated to the military history of Karlovac and in particular, through the exhibited weapons, of the Croatian War of Independence.
HS Produkt is arguably best known as the designer and manufacturer of the HS2000 pistol, sold in the United States as the Springfield Armory XD.
A documentary film made by Dušan Vukotić in 1979 on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the city plays much on that theme, and shows pictures of happy bathers on the Korana's Fogina beach (Foginovo kupalište) in the city centre.
Most of the parks are planted in the former trenches dug around the old military fort that were once filled with water as an added layer of protection from the marauding Ottoman armies.
One part of the city centre maintains the name of Šanac ('trench') after the old trenches which preserve the old hexagonal form of the historic centre.
49,140 of its citizens were Croats (88.21%), 4,460 were Serbs (8.01%), 250 were Bosniaks (0.45%), 237 were Albanians (0.43%), 72 were ethnic Macedonians (0.13%), 49 were Montenegrins (0.09%), and the rest were other ethnicities.
Population by religion in 2011 was following: 45,876 Roman Catholics (82.36%), 3,866 Orthodox Christians (6.94%), 2,806 Atheists (5.04%), 705 Muslims (1.27%), 488 Agnostics (0.88%), and others.
Much of the population of Karlovac has changed since the beginning of the 1991-95 Croatian War of Independence, with numerous families of Croatian Serbs leaving and being replaced by people who were themselves displaced from parts of Croatia that were held by rebel Serbs during the war (such as from the town of Slunj), as well as by families of Bosnian Croats who started arriving during the war.
The migration outflow was mostly towards Serbia, the Republika Srpska entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to countries of Western Europe, North America and Australia.
Karlovac Music School, one of the oldest educational music institutions from this part of Europe (established on December 1, 1804), is the home of Karlovac Piano Festival.
Karlovac Piano Festival (founded in 2013) is typically held in mid-summer, and consists of master classes with renowned piano pedagogues as well as Karlovac International Piano Competition.
Music school also hosts International guitar school, while in Karlovac theatre Zorin dom Croatian Flute Academy is traditionally held, so during summer months Karlovac is center of young artists of Europe.
In the 20th century, Karlovac was a breeding ground for young rock bands, most notably Elektroni in the 1960s and Nužni Izlaz, Prije svega disciplina, Duhovna pastva and Lorelei in the 1970s and the 1980s.
Member yachts are given the Suffix RYS to their names, and permitted to wear the White Ensign of the Royal Navy rather than the merchant Red Ensign worn by the majority of other UK registered vessels.
The club's patron is Queen Elizabeth II and the club's admiral is Prince Philip who is also a former club commodore.
Founded on 1 June 1815 in the Thatched House Tavern in St James's, London as The Yacht Club by 42 gentlemen interested in sea yachting, the original members decided to meet in London and in Cowes twice a year, to discuss yachting over dinner.
Its association with the Royal Navy began early and Nelson's captain at Trafalgar, Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy, headed the list of naval members.
The burgee (a triangular shaped flag identifying yacht club membership) is differenced with a St George's Cross and crown on a white background.
In August 2013, the members of Royal Yacht Squadron voted to allow full membership to women, which had been restricted since its foundation.
In 1851, the club's commodore, visiting the Great Exhibition, issued a challenge for the squadron's £100 Cup for a race around the island.
This elegant creation provides on shore facilities for yachtsmen and their families while allowing the castle to retain its 'country house' ambiance.
He is most notably remembered for his time in the Premier League, with Manchester United, where he spent six years of his career, winning numerous trophies in the process.
He also played in the top division of English football for Arsenal, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth and Sunderland, as well as in the Football League for Bristol City, Birmingham City, Burnley and Nottingham Forest.
Cole has the distinction of being one of the few players in England to have swept all possible honours in the English game, including the PFA Young Player of the Year award, as well as the coveted UEFA Champions League title.
Cole was also capped 15 times for the England national team between 1995 and 2001, scoring once against Albania in a 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier.
He made his only league appearance for Arsenal, aged 19, as a substitute against Sheffield United at Highbury during a First Division match on 29 December 1990.
He also made a substitute appearance against Tottenham Hotspur in the Charity Shield in 1991 and almost made an immediate impact, hitting the side netting from outside the penalty area.
Cole joined Second Division Bristol City on loan in March 1992 before signing in a £500,000 permanent deal in the summer of 1992, at the time becoming their most expensive player.
Having proved himself as a competent young goalscorer with Bristol City (who began the 1992–93 season in the new Football League Division One following the creation of the Premier League), Cole was quickly one of the hottest prospects in England and his name was regularly linked with Premier League clubs throughout the 1992–93 season.
His 12 goals included two hat-tricks, the first against Barnsley on 7 April, the second on the final day of the season in a 7–1 hammering of Leicester City.
He also scored the first of the club's two goals in their 2–0 promotion clinching win over Grimsby Town at Blundell Park on 4 May.
After David Kelly was sold to Wolverhampton Wanderers, manager Kevin Keegan brought in Peter Beardsley as Cole's strike partner for the 1993–94 Premier League campaign.
Cole scored 34 goals in 40 matches during Newcastle's first Premier League season as they finished third and qualified for the UEFA Cup.
Cole scored 41 total goals in all competitions – breaking the club's goalscoring record which had been set by Hughie Gallacher nearly 70 years earlier (Gallacher still holds the record for the highest number of league goals in a season with 36).
His first top division goal was in a 1–1 draw against defending league champions Manchester United (who went on to win the double) at Old Trafford on 21 August.
Another hat-trick followed against Coventry City in late February and with Peter Beardsley almost as lethal as his strike partner, Newcastle finished third in the league and qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time since the 1970s.
Cole then scored 9 goals in 18 Premier League matches for Newcastle after the start of the 1994–95 season, and also scored a hat-trick against Royal Antwerp in the UEFA Cup.
On 10 January 1995, Cole was suddenly sold in a shock deal to Manchester United for a deal worth £7 million – £6 million cash plus £1 million-rated Keith Gillespie going in the opposite direction, setting a new record for the most expensive British transfer.
Despite joining halfway through the 1994–95 season, Cole still managed to score 12 goals in just 18 Premier League matches for United.
This included his first, the winner in a 1–0 victory over Aston Villa on 4 February at Old Trafford and five in the 9–0 rout of Ipswich Town, making him the first player to score five goals in a Premier League match.
However, Cole missed two goal chances in the final minutes against West Ham United on the final day of the season as they could only manage a 1–1 draw and the league title went to Blackburn Rovers instead.
United were also without the banned Eric Cantona and the injured Andrei Kanchelskis, the club's two other highest scoring players that season.
Cole's first full season in 1995–96 with Manchester United proved to be difficult, as Cole struggled to find his trademark form in a side now built around the much heralded return of Eric Cantona.
Though Cole scored in four-straight matches during the winter, including an important opening goal in United's 2–0 defeat of title rivals Newcastle United on 27 December, Cole was badgered by fans and critics alike across much of the season for only scoring 14 times and missing many chances.
However, Cole picked up his form in the business end of the season and scored critical goals including the equaliser in the FA Cup semi-final against Chelsea to help send United to Wembley Stadium again.
He then collected his first Premier League title winners medal and scored the second goal in United's 3–0 defeat of Middlesbrough on the final day of the season to help United win the Premier League title for the third time in four years.
He also played in their FA Cup final victory to become part of England's first ever side to win the double twice.
Before the 1996–97 season began, Cole had to deal with being offered to Blackburn Rovers as part-exchange in a £12 million deal that would have brought Alan Shearer to Old Trafford, but the offer was rejected and Shearer joined Newcastle instead.
Despite Alex Ferguson's clear indication to Cole that he was looking for another striker, after the Shearer deal fell through, Cole fought to stay at the club and was handed the number 9 shirt, having previously worn 17.
The arrival of Ole Gunnar Solskjær – and being the victim of two broken legs suffered after a tackle by Neil Ruddock in a reserve match against Liverpool, restricted Cole's first-team chances further.
However, he managed to recover by December that year and still played in 20 Premier League matches (ten as a substitute) for the season.
Cole then ended the season strongly with several crucial goals in both the league (such as away at title rivals Arsenal), and in the UEFA Champions League (where he scored a goal voted the season's best European goal against Porto) to complete his comeback from injury.
For the 1997–98 season, the retirement of Eric Cantona saw Cole emerge as first choice striker once again, and he discovered his best form ever for the club.
He became the joint top goalscorer in the Premier League during the course of the season with 18 goals, including a slew of spectacular goals, one of which (a chip against Everton) had the fans' vote as the Manchester United goal of the season.
Cole also developed a strong partnership with Teddy Sheringham (despite considerable personal friction between the two), but United finished trophyless for only the second time in nine seasons as they lost to Arsenal in the end.
Cole achieved several personal landmarks in this campaign, scoring his first European hat-trick for the club in an away match at Feyenoord, as well as ending the season as runner-up in the PFA Players' Player of the Year award to Arsenal's Dennis Bergkamp.
Despite this accreditation, and being the leading goalscorer in all competitions that season with 25, Cole was omitted from England's 1998 FIFA World Cup squad by then-manager Glenn Hoddle.
Cole remained upbeat when interviewed and when asked about his new-found return to success, he claimed he had found freedom in his life after the injuries of the previous season, saying he had great joy with his newborn son and lived for him and his family in his faith as a born-again Christian.
He also claimed the friendship of Ryan Giggs, his roommate on away matches, was a major motivating factor through the tough times when fans doubted him at United.
Cole faced competition from new signing Dwight Yorke, Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær during the 1998–99 season, but ended up developing an immensely successful partnership with Yorke.
The two contributed 53 goals between them and were rated as one of the most feared attacking partnerships in Europe, with the pair scoring against sides like Barcelona away at the Camp Nou, and repeating the form all season with incredible one-touch passes and assists that at times seemed to demonstrate a telepathic understanding.
Cole played a key role in the side's unique treble of the Premier League title, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League.
Cole scored the winning goal in United's final Premier League match of the season against Tottenham Hotspur, a result which meant United finished one point ahead of rivals Arsenal to win the Premier League title.
He also scored United's third and winning goal in their Champions League semi-final second leg against Juventus, sealing their place in the final for the first time in over 30 years.
Also in this season, Cole scored his 100th Premier League goal in a top-of-the-table clash against Arsenal at Old Trafford on 17 February; the match ended 1–1.
During United's pre-season tour of Australia in July 1999, Cole was involved in a horror tackle which left 19-year-old Australian defender Simon Colosimo sidelined for six months and requiring a complete knee reconstruction.
Before the injury, Colosimo was one of Australia's best young players and was about to make a big money move to Europe, and was never able to complete a career in Europe, despite a handful of appearances for Manchester City.
He collected his fourth Premier League title medal in five seasons, and scored over 20 goals in all competitions for the third successive season.
Cole scored many goals for United including the only goal of the game in their top-of-the-table clash against their closest rivals Leeds United.
He also joined an elite group during this season by scoring his 100th goal for the club in a 2–2 draw against Wimbledon.
Another title followed in 2000–01 when, despite suffering from an injury that restricted his appearances, Cole scored 13 goals in all competitions, including four in the UEFA Champions League, allowing him (at the time) to become Manchester United's record goal scorer in European competition of all-time.
The following 2001–02 season saw Cole face competition from new signing Ruud van Nistelrooy, as well as Dwight Yorke, Ole Gunnar Solskjær and also Paul Scholes for places up front, with Sir Alex Ferguson adopting a more conservative approach, especially in European matches, by playing Scholes behind Van Nistelrooy with Roy Keane and Juan Sebastián Verón in a three-man midfield.
Cole made one last appearance for Manchester United in the UEFA Celebration Match six years later, on 13 March 2007, coming on at half-time for a friendly match between Manchester United and a European XI, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the European Community and 50 years of Manchester United in the European Cup.
The arrival of Ruud van Nistelrooy and Juan Sebastián Verón counted against Cole's first-team chances in the 2001–02 season, and on 29 December 2001, Cole was sold to Blackburn Rovers for £8 million.
Within two months of arriving, he had collected a League Cup winners medal, scoring the winning goal for Blackburn in the final against Tottenham Hotspur, who were managed by the former England manager and open critic of Cole, Glenn Hoddle.
This victory meant that, in the space of seven seasons, Cole had won all four domestic trophies plus a European trophy.
Cole ended the season with a total of 18 goals in all competitions, 5 for Manchester United and 13 in just 20 matches for Blackburn.
That campaign saw Cole reunited with Dwight Yorke, who had signed for Blackburn from Manchester United for £2 million in July 2002.
Cole had a frustrating season in 2003–04 season, as Rovers slid into the bottom half of the Premier League, finishing 15th.
Thirteen years after spending a month on loan at Fulham, Cole returned to Craven Cottage for the 2004–05 season, joining them on a one-year contract.
Despite this successful period at Fulham, he decided to leave the club after only one season as his family wanted to return to the North West.
Cole signed for Manchester City on a free transfer at the beginning of the 2005–06 season, and enjoyed a good start to his career at Eastlands.
Stuart Pearce's side spent most of the season in the top half of the table, but Cole's season was ended by injury in March.
Despite signing a new contract with Manchester City only months earlier and leaving Fulham in 2005 to return to the north, Cole signed for south coast club Portsmouth on transfer deadline day (31 August 2006) for an undisclosed fee, reported as £500,000 with the potential to rise to £1 million depending on appearances.
He scored his first league goal for his new club in the 2–0 win at home to West Ham United on 14 October.
However, Cole struggled to break into Harry Redknapp's side and in March 2007, he signed on loan for Birmingham City of the Championship until the end of the season.
After being released by Portsmouth at the end of the 2006–07 season, Cole signed a one-year contract with Sunderland on a free transfer, reuniting him once more with former Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers strike partner Dwight Yorke, and under the management of former United teammate Roy Keane.
After seven matches for the club, Cole spent three months on loan at Burnley where he scored six goals for the Championship club, including a hat-trick against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road.
However, on 31 October 2008, Forest confirmed Cole's contract had been cancelled by mutual consent after 11 appearances and 0 goals.
Despite first being capped for England in 1995, Cole earned only 15 caps by the time he announced his retirement from international football after failing to be selected for the 2002 World Cup squad.
Glenn Hoddle, in defence of his decision not to select Cole for the World Cup in 1998, accused Cole of needing six or seven chances to score one goal.
He made his debut against Uruguay under Terry Venables in 1995; appeared next against Italy under Glenn Hoddle at the Tournoi de France in 1997; made his third appearance against France under caretaker Howard Wilkinson in 1999; and finally earned his fourth cap against Poland under new manager Kevin Keegan in his first starting appearance a few weeks later.
In August 2009, Cole was hired by his former Manchester United and England teammate, Milton Keynes Dons manager Paul Ince, to coach the club's forwards on an initially temporary basis.
However, one week later, Cole agreed to spend at least two days a week working on finishing with the forwards at Huddersfield Town, under his former Newcastle United and Fulham teammate Lee Clark.
Cole's father, Lincoln, emigrated to the UK from Jamaica in 1957 and worked as a coal miner in Gedling, Nottinghamshire, from 1965 to 1987.
In 2008, Cole was questioned by police after an alleged assault on his wife in their Alderley Edge, Cheshire, home before being released on bail.
Six months later, Cole, through his representative law firm Schillings, won damages in an action against the owners of the Daily Star for defamation regarding the publication of material concerning the assault allegations and for harms caused against his family by sensationalist reports.
In 2000, Cole visited Zimbabwe and returned to set up his own charitable foundation, called the Andy Cole Children's Foundation, which helped AIDS orphans in the country.
Although the current meaning of the word is believed to have originated in Persia, its use has spread and now has been accepted into the vernacular in countries around the world.
Although the lack of archaeological evidence has limited detailed studies of the evolution of bazaars, indications suggest that they initially developed outside city walls where they were often associated with servicing the needs of caravanserai.
As towns and cities became more populous, these bazaars moved into the city center and developed in a linear pattern along streets stretching from one city gate to another gate on the opposite side of the city.
The rise of large bazaars and stock trading centres in the Muslim world allowed the creation of new capitals and eventually new empires.
Bazaars were typically situated in close proximity to ruling palaces, citadels or mosques, not only because the city afforded traders some protection, but also because palaces and cities generated substantial demand for goods and services.
Bazaars located along these trade routes, formed networks, linking major cities with each other and in which goods, culture, people and information could be exchanged.
The Greek historian, Herodotus, noted that in Egypt, roles were reversed compared with other cultures and Egyptian women frequented the market and carried on trade, while the men remain at home weaving cloth.
City bazaars occupied a series of alleys along the length of the city, typically stretching from one city gate to a different gate on the other side of the city.
The Bazaar of Tabriz, for example, stretches along 1.5 kilometres of street and is the longest vaulted bazaar in the world.
Moosavi argues that the Middle-Eastern bazaar evolved in a linear pattern, whereas the market places of the West were more centralised.
In spite of the centrality of the Middle East in the history of bazaars, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence.
Today, bazaars are popular sites for tourists and some of these ancient bazaars have been listed as world heritage sites or national monuments on the basis of their historical, cultural or architectural value.
The Medina of Fez, Morocco, with its labyrinthine covered market streets was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.
European society generally frowned on nude painting – but harems, concubines and slave markets, presented as quasi-documentary works, satisfied European desires for pornographic art.
The Oriental female wearing a veil was a particularly tempting subject because she was hidden from view, adding to her mysterious allure.
British painter John Frederick Lewis who lived for several years in a traditional mansion in Cairo, painted highly detailed works showing realistic genre scenes of Middle Eastern life.
Other notable painters in the Orientalist genre who included scenes of street life and market-based trade in their work are Jean-Léon Gérôme Delacroix (1824–1904), Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps (1803–1860), Frederic Leighton (1830–1896), Eugène Alexis Girardet 1853–1907 and William Holman Hunt (1827–1910), who all found inspiration in Oriental street scenes, trading and commerce.
In Albania, two distinct types of bazaar can be found; Bedesten (also known as bezistan, bezisten, bedesten) which refers to a covered bazaar and an open bazaar.
After sustaining irreparable damage during the country's civil war, Beirut's ancient souks have been completely modernised and rebuilt while maintaining the original ancient Greek street grid, major landmarks and street names.
Mountain Records describes Coetzee thus: His distinctive raunchy tenor sound and the untiring commitment to his cultural roots made him one of the best known jazzmen to come out of South Africa.
Together with Robbie Jansen they created the unique brass sound of the group The Pacific Express inspiring many younger cape jazz musicians in Cape Town.
Coetzee was signed to the Cape Town based Mountain Records label for a large part of his recording career and made his only solo albums for the label.
It was recorded in difficult times for the artist as he sought to establish his name away from previous successful associations.
In the period between leaving his former Pacific Express associates and playing only sporadically for Ibrahim, Coetzee and bass player Paul Abrahams worked together as a duo.
The band Sabenza was active on the local scene, and regularly featured bassist Paul Abrahams, guitarist James Kibby, and drummer Vic Higgins.
Basil Coetzee died during the night of 11 March 1998, after a long struggle with cancer, survived by five children and six grandchildren.
His funeral took place on Saturday 14 March 1998 in Mitchell's Plain, and he is buried in the Garden of Eden in Ottery.
Abdullah Ibrahim was one of those who paid tribute to Basil's memory at his funeral, announcing plans for the establishment of a Basil Manenberg Coetzee Music Academy in his memory.
Dublin started his career as a centre back with Norwich City, but made his name at Cambridge United as a centre-forward.
Dublin then went on to begin his professional footballing career with Norwich City after leaving school in 1985, but he never made a first-team appearance and was released from the club in 1988.
In August 1988, he joined Cambridge United on a free transfer, as a centre-half, which had been his position at Norwich City.
The 1989–90 season saw Cambridge promoted from the Fourth Division via the play-offs, when Dublin became the first ever scorer in a Wembley play-off final.
In the 1990–91 season, the club were champions of the Third Division, and the club also reached the quarter-final of the FA Cup in both seasons, with Dublin scoring at Arsenal in 1991.
In the 1991–92 season, he played a big part in helping Cambridge to their highest ever finishing position in the football league, by finishing in fifth place in the last ever season of the old Second Division, but when Cambridge failed to win promotion to the top flight via the play-offs Dublin was put up for sale.
Having seen Dublin in a cup tie, Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson signed him for £1 million on 7 August 1992, fighting off competition from Chelsea and Everton.
Dublin was something of a surprise purchase for United, after Ferguson had tried to sign Alan Shearer from Southampton but lost out to Blackburn Rovers.
He scored in United's fourth Premier League game of the 1992–93 season, a last minute winner in United's first Premier league victory – 1–0 against Southampton at The Dell.
However, on 2 September, he suffered a broken leg against Crystal Palace in a 1–0 win at Old Trafford, after a tackle by Eric Young, and was out of action for six months.
By the time he had recovered, however, United had signed Eric Cantona and the Frenchman was firmly established as first choice strike partner to Mark Hughes.
United won the league that season for the first time since 1967, but Dublin failed to make the 10 Premier League appearances required to automatically gain a title winner's medal.
In the 1993–94 season, Dublin regained his fitness, but his first team chances were restricted by the successful partnership of Cantona and Hughes.
In December 1993, Ferguson agreed a deal with Everton manager Howard Kendall, that would have seen Dublin moving to Goodison Park, but a member of Everton's board of directors, apparently feeling that Dublin was not worth the money Kendall had offered United, intervened to prevent the transfer going through – this dispute sparked Kendall's resignation as manager.
Dublin would remain a United player for another nine months, but never managed to claim a regular place in the first team.
He managed five league appearances that season, scoring once in a 3–2 home win over Oldham Athletic in early April, his goal helping secure a vital victory in the title run-in during a spell when United started to drop points and Blackburn Rovers were closing in on them.
He also managed a further goal in the Football League Cup second round first leg, as United were beaten 2–1 by Stoke City at the Victoria Ground.
He was left out of the FA Cup winning team, and failed to make enough appearances to merit another Premier League title winners medal, and in September 1994, he was sold to Coventry City for £2 million - a record signing for Coventry City at the time - and also one of the largest fees received by Manchester United.
In four-and-a-half years with Coventry, Dublin established himself as one of the Premier League's top strikers and during the 1997–98 season won the first of his four England full caps.
That season, he equalled the Coventry City record for most goals in a top division season with 23 goals in all competitions.
Following Phil Neal's departure in 1995, the arrival of Ron Atkinson and Gordon Strachan would see Dublin fit into an attacking team in the typical Atkinson mould.
It included the likes of Noel Whelan, John Salako and Darren Huckerby to add to the already attack minded Peter Ndlovu.
The addition of Gary McAllister, following Euro 96, should have provided mid table stability but the teams defensive frailties often undermined Dublin's scoring at the other end.
This game followed on from an away win at Anfield (Dublin scoring in the dying seconds) and a home win against Chelsea.
But at Tottenham Hotspur that afternoon, Dublin scored in the first half before Paul Williams netted to secure an unlikely 2–1 win.
Dublin formed an impressive partnership with Darren Huckerby which not only produced some memorable goals but also propelled the Sky Blues to the FA Cup Sixth Round against Sheffield United; a game they narrowly lost in a penalty shoot out.
The 1997–98 season also saw Dublin share elite status as the Premier League's top scorer with Blackburn's Chris Sutton and Liverpool's Michael Owen – each Englishman scoring 18 league goals.
Dublin was controversially excluded from the England 1998 FIFA World Cup squad, despite being the Premier League's joint top-scorer in the 1997–98 season, alongside Michael Owen and Chris Sutton.
However, his exploits at club level were still attracting significant attention and in the autumn of 1998, he chose to move to Aston Villa for £5.75 million.
In his first four games for the club, he would score 7 goals including a memorable hat-trick against Southampton in only his second game for the Villans.
As a result, he is one of only six players to score in the first four consecutive games for a Premier League club.
In December 1999, whilst playing for Aston Villa against Sheffield Wednesday, he sustained a life-threatening broken neck, as a result of which he permanently has a titanium plate holding three neck vertebrae together.
In April 2000, a week after returning to the team, he helped Aston Villa reach their first FA Cup final in 43 years, which they lost 1–0 against Chelsea, scoring a penalty in the semi-final shoot-out against Bolton Wanderers.
Faced with competition for a first team place by Juan Pablo Ángel and Peter Crouch, Dublin spent several weeks on loan at First Division Millwall.
In his time there, he scored two goals, against Stockport County, and Grimsby Town in five league matches to help them into the play-offs where despite Dublin's goal in the first leg of the semi final, Millwall lost to Birmingham City 2–1 on aggregate.
Dublin was sent off at Villa Park for a headbutt on Robbie Savage in the Birmingham derby match, which ended 2–0 to Birmingham City.
He was snapped up quickly by then Celtic manager Gordon Strachan, to cover for the loss of Chris Sutton, on a contract until the end of the season.
On 19 March 2006, Dublin came on as a sub and scored the final goal as Celtic defeated Dunfermline 3–0 to win the Scottish League Cup final, and also played enough matches with Celtic to merit a title medal.
In the league, he made three league starts and eight substitute appearances for Celtic, scoring once against Kilmarnock on 9 April 2006 in a 4–1 win at Rugby Park.
He scored his first competitive goal in Norwich City colours in a 3–3 draw against Queens Park Rangers on 14 October 2006 at Loftus Road.
Steve Wilson cited Dublin as the main inspiration behind Norwich's 4–1 FA Cup 3rd Round win at Tamworth, in which the striker scored two goals and set up numerous chances for other teammates.
Dublin was an important figure in Norwich securing safety from relegation to League One and the supporters recognised his contribution by voting him in second place in the Norwich City player of the year award, and on 23 May 2007 he ended speculation about his future by signing a new one-year contract at Norwich, keeping him at the club until the end of the 2007–08 season.
On 2 September 2007, Dublin, whilst a pundit on the Aston Villa v Chelsea game, said that this season would be his last as a footballer, citing the fact that his 'bones have started to talk to him' as the reason, meaning that he did not think his body can handle another season.
In the spring of 2008, Dublin was approached by Jimmy Quinn, then manager of Cambridge United, about joining his old club for the 2008–09 season.
He was voted the club's Player of the Year and awarded the Barry Butler trophy on 26 April 2008 in his final season as a footballer, at his penultimate game, and on his final appearance at Carrow Road.
Dublin played his final game on 4 May 2008, featuring in Norwich's 4–1 loss to Sheffield Wednesday in front of 36,208 fans at Hillsborough – the highest Championship attendance that season.
When he was taken off in the 66th minute, Dublin received a standing ovation from both sets of supporters, players and referee Mark Clattenburg.
Dublin earned his first cap for England on 11 February 1998, playing the whole 90 minutes in the 2–0 friendly defeat to Chile at Wembley Stadium.
In the run-up to the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Dublin played in the King Hassan II International Cup Tournament in May, starting in the 1–0 win against Morocco, and coming off the bench in 0–0 draw with Belgium, a game England lost on penalties.
Despite showing good form and versatility throughout the season, including finishing joint top scorer in the Premier League with 18 goals, Glenn Hoddle included Les Ferdinand ahead of Dublin in his 22-man squad for the tournament in France.
The White Ensign, at one time called the St George's Ensign due to the simultaneous existence of a cross-less version of the flag, is an ensign flown on British Royal Navy ships and shore establishments.
The White Ensign is also flown by yachts of members of the Royal Yacht Squadron and by ships of Trinity House escorting the reigning monarch.
In addition to the United Kingdom, several other nations have variants of the White Ensign with their own national flags in the canton, with the St George's Cross sometimes being replaced by a naval badge omitting the cross altogether.
Yachts of the Royal Irish Yacht Club fly a white ensign with an Irish tricolour in the first quadrant and defaced by the crowned harp from the Heraldic Badge of Ireland.
The Flag of the British Antarctic Territory and the Commissioners' flag of the Northern Lighthouse Board place the Union emblem in the first quarter of a white field, omitting the overall red St George's Cross, but are not ensigns for use at sea.
English naval ensigns were first used during the 16th century, and were often striped in green and white (the Tudor colours), but other colours were also used to indicate different squadrons, including blue, red and tawny brown.
(These striped ensigns can be seen in use on both English and Spanish warships in contemporary paintings of the 1588 Spanish Armada battles).
Later, there was usually a St George's Cross in the upper canton, or sewn across the field as on the modern White Ensign.
The use of stripes continued in the red and white of both the flag of the Honourable East India Company, adopted in 1600, and of the 1775 Grand Union Flag that formed the basis for the modern flag of the United States of America, and the red, white and blue striped ensign that serves as the flag of Hawaii.
The first recognisable White Ensign appears to have been in use during the 16th century, consisting of a white field with a broad St George's cross, and a second St. George's cross in the canton.
By 1630 the white ensign consisted of simply a white field, with a small St George's cross in the canton, which was consistent with the red and blue ensigns of the time.
In 1707, the St. George's cross was reintroduced to the flag as a whole, though not as broad as before, and the Union Flag was placed in the canton.
There was also a version of this flag without the overall St George's cross, which appears to have been for use in home waters only, though this flag appears to have fallen out of use by 1720.
In 1801, after the Act of Union 1800, the flag was updated to include the new Union Flag in the canton, and so took on the form as used today.
The blue field of the Union Flag was darkened at this time at the request of the Admiralty, in the hope that the new flags would not require replacing as often as the previous design, due to fading of the blue.
In 1687, the then Secretary of the Admiralty, Samuel Pepys, instructed that flags be of the ratio 11:18 (18 inches long for each breadth, 11 inches at the time).
Throughout this period in the history of the Royal Navy, the White Ensign was one of three ensigns in use, with each one being assigned to one of the three squadrons of the navy, according to its colour (red, white and blue, with red being the most senior and blue the least).
Ships flew the colour of ensign corresponding to the squadron to which they were attached, which was in turn determined by the seniority of the admiral under whose command the ship sailed (a rear admiral of the red was senior to a rear admiral of the white).
In 1864 the Admiralty decided to end the ambiguity caused by the Red Ensign being both a civil ensign and a naval ensign, and the White Ensign was reserved to the Royal Navy; the relevant Order in Council retained the option to use Red or Blue Ensigns in HM Ships if desired.
The White Ensign may also be worn on a gaff, and may be shifted to the starboard yardarm when at sea.
When alongside, the White Ensign is worn at the stern, with the Union Jack flag flown as a jack at the bow, during daylight hours.
The White Ensign is worn at the mastheads when Royal Navy ships are dressed on special occasions such as the Queen's birthday, and may be similarly be worn by foreign warships when in British waters when dressed in honour of a British holiday or when firing a salute to British authorities.
Yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron and the Trinity House vessels when escorting the British Monarch (King or Queen of the United Kingdom) are also permitted to wear the White Ensign.
On land, the White Ensign is flown at all naval shore establishments (which are commissioned warships), including all Royal Marines establishments.
The Ensign is also displayed on the Cenotaph alongside the Union Jack flag (for the British Army) and the Royal Air Force Ensign, in memory of the dead in the World Wars.
Special permission was granted to any individual or body to fly the White Ensign to mark Trafalgar Day and the victory in the naval Battle of Trafalgar on its 201st anniversary in 2006.
The U.S. Navy destroyer is the only U.S. warship to fly the White Ensign along with the Stars and Stripes to honour her British namesake, the former prime minister.
Isambard Kingdom Brunel's , although a merchant ship, appears to have worn (and still bears and flies, preserved in dry dock as a historical exhibit / museum ship) the White Ensign, apparently because its first master (an ex-Royal Navy man) brought it with him.
The White Ensign was historically used, in its unaltered form, by the naval forces of Australia, Canada and New Zealand, with the Blue Ensign of each of these Dominions (as they were then known) as a jack.
In 1965, with the adoption of the Maple Leaf Canadian flag, Canada stopped using the White Ensign on its naval vessels in favour of the new flag.
This flag, however, was until 2013 not used as the ensign, but as the jack, and also as the basis of the queen's colours of the Royal Canadian Navy.
During Australia's involvement in Vietnam, the RAN modified the White Ensign (1967) to create a uniquely Australian ensign which would avoid any confusion with UK vessels; Britain was not involved in the conflict.
The modified RAN and RNZN White Ensigns incorporate the Union Flag in the first quarter, but with the Southern Cross designs from each national flag (blue stars for the RAN and red stars for the RNZN) replacing St. George's Cross.
For example, the Indian Navy and the South African Navy have both retained a cross on a white field, with their own national flag in the canton, in place of the Union Flag.
The Royal Indian Marine (Royal Indian Navy from 1934) used the unaltered White Ensign as its ensign from 1928 until 26 January 1950, when India became a republic within the Commonwealth.
After that date, the RIN became the Indian Navy and the Union Jack in the canton was replaced with the Indian Tricolour.
Apart from a brief period from 2001–2004, the Indian Navy has retained its variant of the White Ensign with one minor modification: the addition of the Lion Capital of Asoka crest in gold at the centre of the cross.
Aside from being flown by the Arleigh Burke class destroyer , the British Naval Ensign is authorised to be used at the memorial on the campus of The Citadel.
The White Ensign also flies over the British Cemetery on Ocracoke, North Carolina, which contains the remains of several seamen from , as well as a memorial to the lost naval trawler, which was sunk off the coast of Ocracoke Island in May 1942.
A White Ensign, without Saint Patrick's Saltire, defaced with a blue lighthouse in the fly, is the Commissioners' flag of the Northern Lighthouse Board.
The burgee of the Royal Naval Tot Club of Antigua and Barbuda is sometimes misidentified as a White Ensign; the burgee is a white swallowtail pennant (similar to a Royal Navy Commodore's) with the Union Flag is use until 1801 in the upper hoist canton.
The Bahamas uses a variant of its white ensign, with a blue cross instead of the red Cross of St George found on the military ensign, as a government and 'non combatant' ensign, serving a similar purpose to the UK's Blue Ensign.
The early part of the 20th century saw the increasing urbanisation of black South Africans in mining centres such as the gold mining area around Johannesburg - the Witwatersrand.
This led to the development of township slums or ghettos, and out of this hardship came forth new forms of music, marabi and kwela amongst others.
Marabi was the name given to a keyboard style (often using cheap pedal organs) that had a musical link to American jazz, ragtime and blues, with roots deep in the African tradition.
Nonetheless, as with early jazz, the lilting melodies and catchy rhythms of marabi found their way into the sounds of popular dance bands with a distinctively South African style.
Marabi is characterised by a few simple chords repeated in varying vamping patterns that could go on for a long time; repetitive harmonic patterns being typical of traditional African musics.
Associated with illegality, police raids, sex and a desperately impoverished working class, marabi was thought of as a corrupting menace and for this reason, it is no surprise that no early marabi musicians were recorded.
A reflection of this music can be heard in the music of such Cape Jazz performers as Basil Coetzee or Abdullah Ibrahim.
The beginnings of broadcast radio intended for black listeners and the growth of an indigenous recording industry helped propel such sounds to immense popularity from the 1930s onward.
This has which has influenced South African music since then, from the jazz performers of the post-war years to the more populist township forms of the 1980s and onwards.
With the infusion of more traditional influences, marabi has lost much of its links to the styles jazz roots and is now part of the African music culture as opposed to South African Jazz.
Most South African jazz musicians could not read scores, so they developed their own jazz flavor, mixing American swing with African melodies.
In February 2009, CTV announced it would not renew CKNX's broadcast licence for the 2009-2010 television season and put the station up for sale.
In April 2009, CTV announced a deal to sell the station along with two other sister stations in Windsor and Brandon to Shaw Communications for a dollar.
It signed on as a CBC Television affiliate on November 18, 1955 and was located in a former high school along with its sister AM radio station CKNX.
After going to air, one of their early identification cards displayed the station's mascot, which was a smiling television camera wearing a large cowboy hat.
Although nothing could be salvaged, CKNX-TV was on the air again later that night with the help of nearby stations CFPL-DT, CKVR-DT, CKCO-DT, and CBLT-DT.
CKNX operations continued as such (with various temporary offices set up in Wingham) until they purchased new equipment and moved into a new building in 1963.
Staffers were required to be more versatile than ever to better compete, giving them well-rounded knowledge for moving up in the industry.
CKNX disaffiliated from the CBC in 1988 and remained an independent station for another ten years until CHUM Limited purchased the station from Baton Broadcasting.
News programming aired on CKNX is simulcast from CFPL in London, however CKNX viewers still receive a separate 11 p.m. news feed (Monday - Friday) which originates from the CFPL studios.
On July 12, 2006, CTV owner CTVglobemedia announced plans to purchase A-Channel owner CHUM Ltd. for $C1.7 billion, with plans to divest itself of the A-Channel and Access Alberta stations.
On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Rogers Communications filed with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to purchase all of the A-Channel stations, including CKNX, CKX-TV, Access Alberta and several cable channels being put up for sale in the wake of CTVglobemedia's pending acquisition of the CHUM group.
On June 8, 2007, the CRTC announced its approval of CTVglobemedia's purchase of CHUM Limited, but added a condition that CTVglobemedia must sell off CHUM's Citytv stations to another buyer while keeping the A-Channel stations (including CKNX), in effect cancelling the planned sale of A-Channel to Rogers Media.
On July 26, 2007, CTVglobemedia named Richard Gray the head of news for the A-Channel stations and CKX-TV will report to the CTVgm corporate group, not CTV News, to preserve independent news presentation and management.
On February 25, 2009, CTV announced that, given the ongoing structural problems facing the conventional television sector in Canada and the current global economic crisis, it would not be applying to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) for renewal of the licences of CKNX-TV and its sister station CHWI-TV in Wheatley/Windsor.
CTV said that with the CRTC's decision to disallow fee-for-carriage, CKNX-TV and CHWI-TV—the two smallest stations in the A system—were no longer viable.
On April 30, 2009, Shaw Communications announced it would purchase CKNX, CHWI and CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba for a dollar each from CTVgm, pending CRTC approval.
However, it was reported on June 30, 2009 that Shaw has backed out of the deal and is declining to complete the purchase, putting the stations' futures in serious doubt.
The same day, CTV announced it would retain its sister station, CHWI in Windsor until at least 2010, based on temporary increases to the Local Programming Improvement Fund.
In addition, the CRTC renewed the licences for CKNX, CHWI and CKX, even though CTV had not filed renewals for these stations.
As a result, on August 31, CKNX signed off for the last time as a separate station, becoming a full-time repeater of CFPL.
On June 27, 2016, it was announced that Bell Media filed a proposal with the CRTC to shut down 40 of its television transmitters (all rebroadcasters of other stations), due to maintenance costs, high cable and satellite viewership, and no generation of revenue.
These analog transmitters generate no incremental revenue, attract little to no viewership given the growth of BDU or DTH subscriptions and are costly to maintain, repair or replace.
The Commission has determined that broadcasters may elect to shut down transmitters but will lose certain regulatory privileges (distribution on the basic service, the ability to request simultaneous substitution) as noted in Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015-24, Over-the-air transmission of television signals and local programming.
Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony William Durnford (24 June 1830 – 22 January 1879) was an Irish career British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who served in the Anglo-Zulu War.
Breveted colonel, Durnford is mainly known for his defeat by the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana, which was a disaster for the British Army.
In July 1846 Durnford returned to England to enter the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in 1848 initially serving at Chatham and Scotland.
He was transferred in 1856 to Malta as an intermediate posting, but did not see active service either in the Crimea or in the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
He served in Malta as an adjutant until February 1858, when he was promoted to Second Captain and posted back to Chatham and Aldershot in England.
In 1864, promoted to captain, he was transferred to China, but was invalided back to England while in transit due to heat apoplexy.
In a letter to his mother he wrote of the blacks: ″...they are at least honest, chivalrous and hospitable, true to their salt, although only barbarians.
They are fine men, very naked and all that sort of thing, but thoroughly good fellows.″ He appears to have adhered to his idealistic picture throughout the remaining years of his life.
He was later stationed at Pietermaritzburg, where he was befriended by Bishop Colenso and he joined Theophilus Shepstone on an expedition to crown King Cetshwayo.
Durnford saw some action during the pursuit of Langalibalele at Bushman's River Pass, where he showed great courage but received two assegai stabs, one in his side, the other in his elbow; severing a nerve thus paralysing his left under-arm and hand for the rest of his life.
In 1878 Durnford, as the senior Royal Engineer officer in the colony, served on Sir Henry Bulwer's Boundary Commission to investigate the disputed border between the Transvaal and the Zulu Kingdom.
Later that year he was tasked to plan the formation of an African auxiliary force which soon became the Natal Native Contingent (NNC).
2 Column of Chelmsford's invasion army, Durnford commanded a mixed force of African troops including the Natal Native Horse and a detachment of the 1st Regiment Natal Native Contingent.
2 Column under Durnford arrived at Rorke's drift and camped on the Zulu bank where it remained through the next day.
5 Field Company, Royal Engineers, commanded by Lieutenant John Chard, which had arrived on the 19th to repair the pontoons which bridged the Buffalo.
Around 10:30am on the morning of 22 January, Durnford arrived from Rorke's Drift with five troops of the Natal Native horse and a rocket battery.
A Royal Engineer, Durnford was superior in rank to Brevet Lt-Col Henry Pulleine, who had been left in control of the camp.
Durnford did not over-rule Pulleine's dispositions, however, and after lunch he quickly decided to take the initiative and move forward to engage a Zulu force which Pulleine and Durnford judged to be moving against Chelmsford's rear.
Durnford asked for a company of the 24th, but Pulleine was reluctant to agree since his orders had been specifically to defend the camp.
Durnford was killed during the resulting battle, and was later criticised for taking men out of the camp thus weakening its defence.
It must be added, moreover, that the actions of Durnford and his command effectively halted the left horn of the Zulu army until their cartridge boxes began to run dry.
In one last valiant effort, Durnford, after ordering his native troopers to escape, perished with a mixed group of colonial volunteers and infantrymen of the 24th Foot after they had held apart the horns of the Zulu army long enough to enable many survivors to escape.
Among the causes of the disaster were the ill-defined relationship between Durnford and Pulleine, brought about by failures of Lord Chelmsford's command and control, a lack of good intelligence on the size and location of Zulu forces which resulted in Chelmsford splitting his force and, most decidedly, Chelmsford's decision not to fortify the camp (which was in direct violation of his own standing pre-campaign orders).
Irradiance is often called intensity, but this term is avoided in radiometry where such usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity.
Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength.
The two forms have different dimensions: spectral irradiance of a frequency spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per hertz (W·m·Hz), while spectral irradiance of a wavelength spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per metre (W·m), or more commonly watts per square metre per nanometre ().
Chickenhawk (chicken hawk or chicken-hawk) is a political term used in the United States to describe a person who strongly supports war or other military action (i.e., a war hawk), yet who actively avoids or avoided military service when of age.
The term indicates that the person in question is hypocritical for personally dodging a draft or otherwise shirking their duty to their country during a time of armed conflict while advocating that others do so.
Generally, the implication is that chickenhawks lack the moral character to participate in war themselves, preferring to ask others to support, fight and perhaps die in an armed conflict.
Previously, the term war wimp was sometimes used, coined during the Vietnam War by Congressman Andrew Jacobs, a Marine veteran of the Korean War.
The film was A. R. Rahman's debut Hindi film with an original score and soundtrack, as his previous Hindi releases were dubbed versions of his Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films.
The film was a major box office success and received critical acclaim, and was screened at the mainstream section of the International Film Festival of India.
A street-toughened orphan by the name of Munna (Aamir Khan) is befriended by some kind folks, whose effervescent daughter Mili (Urmila Matondkar) soon grows to be his best buddy.
Munna tries many times to tell Mili that he loves her, but he is unable to, or Raj gets in the way.
She asks Raj to help her find Munna, which he does after realizing that Mili seems to love Munna and not him.
The soundtrack fetched Rahman two filmfare awards, Filmfare Best Music Director Award and Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent.
Despite the film's huge success, It was still regarded as a film ahead of its time as the films made during the early 1990s had dated plots and storylines.
Shekhar Kapur called it 'The film of the 21st Century with great music and visuals' at the screening of the film.
The presentation of Urmila Matondkar in the film became the talk of the town as it re-invented the image of the Bollywood Heroine.
Aamir Khan played an unusual character of a Mumbaiya Tapori in the early stages of his career and that proved to be the milestone for him.
The toys began as elephants, and were originally a design Steiff found in a magazine and sold as pincushions to her customers.
However, children began playing with them, and in the years following she went on to design many other animal-themed toys for children, such as dogs, cats and pigs.
Steiff's nephew Richard joined in 1897 and gave the company an enormous boost by creating stuffed animals from drawings made at the zoo.
They are required to be highly flame resistant and, among other things, smaller pieces such as eyes must be able to resist considerable tension, wear and tear, etc.
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York.
The foundation stone of University College Hull, then an external college of the University of London, was laid in 1927 by Prince Albert, the Duke of York (who later became king as George VI).
The college was built on land donated by Hull City Council and by two local benefactors, Thomas Ferens and G F Grant.
The college at that time consisted of one building, now named the Venn building (after the mathematician John Venn, who was born in Hull).
Other early buildings include the Cohen Building, which originally housed the college library, and Staff House, now named Canham Turner building, built in 1948 as the Students' Union.
With the rapid expansion of student numbers which took place in the 1950s many many academic departments were housed in temporary buildings, colloquially known as 'huts', which gave the campus the feel of an 'academic army camp'.
The first principal of the college was Arthur E. Morgan (1926–1935), the second was John H Nicholson (1935–1954), who also served as the university's first vice-chancellor when the college was granted university status (1954–1956).
The symbols are the torch for learning, the rose for Yorkshire, the ducal coronet from the arms of the City of Hull, the fleur-de-lys for Lincolnshire and the dove, symbolising peace, from the arms of Thomas Ferens.
This empowered it to award degrees of its own, making it the 3rd university in Yorkshire and the 14th in England.
The twenty six years between the formation of the university college and the awarding of the charter were the shortest such period in the history of university formation in England up to that time.
Within a year of the charter being granted applications to study at the new university had doubled, and in 1956 student numbers topped 1,000 for the first time.
Made of gilt silver, and incorporating devices from the Hull University coat of arms, the mace was presented to the university in December 1956 by the Lord Mayor of Hull.
The period of rapid expansion of Hull University coincided with the vice-chancellorship of Sir Brynmor Jones (1956–1972), during whose time in office student numbers quadrupled.
The Brynmor Jones Library, which houses more than a million volumes, was constructed in two phases: the first phase was fully completed in 1959, with a tower block extension officially opened in 1970.
During the 1950s and 1960s a considerable number of academic buildings were built, including the Larkin and Wilberforce Buildings (originally given other names).
The 'Martin Plan' of 1967, Sir Leslie Martin was the university architect, envisaged a campus with its tallest buildings in the centre surrounded by buildings diminishing in height towards the perimeter.
This early phase of expansion through building ended in 1974, after this year there was to be no further academic building construction on the campus until 1996.
In 1972 George Gray and Ken Harrison created room-temperature stable liquid crystals in the university chemistry laboratories, which were an immediate success in the electronics industry and consumer products.
This led to Hull becoming the first university to be awarded the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement for the joint-development of the long-lasting materials that made liquid crystal displays possible.
In 2000 the university bought the site of University College Scarborough on Filey Road, Scarborough, plus two linked buildings on the same road.
A further significant expansion took place in 2003, when the buildings of the former Humberside University campus, which were situated immediately adjacent to Hull University's main campus, were purchased.
The site now houses the Hull York Medical School and the relocated business school, which is located in three of the most prominent buildings – Wharfe, Derwent and Esk.
In 2012, the University began the ambitious refurbishment of the Brynmor Jones Library, a £28 million project which will transform the 7 storey former workplace of Philip Larkin, into a learning hub suitable for students for years to come.
The Hull History Centre, which opened in 2010, is located in a new building on Worship Street in Hull city centre.
It unites the holdings of Hull City Library's Local Studies collections and Hull University's archives and is run in partnership between the City Library and University Library.
As well as being involved in the planning and preparation of the bid, the University and its staff and students have been involved in many of the events of the year.
For example, during the initial three-month season, Hull Maritime Museum displayed a multimedia installation depicting a Bowhead whale The installation was designed by students from Hull School of Art and Design with music by students from Hull University.
Hull University is a campus university; though situated in a city, its main campus is in a suburban rather than urban district.
The main campus occupies a single, clearly defined site and is self-contained in regard to catering and entertainment for students and staff.
Most of the major features of the campus are described in the 'history' section above; in addition, the campus has a large Students' Union building, which is often described as one of the finest in the country, and extensive playing fields and other sports facilities.
University of Hull: Scarborough Campus was a satellite campus of the university located in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, attended by approximately 2,000 students.
Formerly a higher education institution offering BSc and BA degrees, the building was acquired by the University of Hull in 2000, offering Education courses, particularly at a primary level, as well as courses in Marine Biology, Digital Media, Music Technology Theatre Studies, Tourism Management, and a number of Business and English courses.
Until recently, there were two faculties, the 'Faculty of Applied Science & Technology' and the 'Faculty of Science & the Environment', before becoming the 'Faculty of Science' and later being renamed to the 'Faculty of Science and Engineering'.
Notable centres for research include the Hull Immersive Visualisation Environment (HIVE), the Institute for Estuarine and Coastal Studies (IECS), the E.A.
A new biomedical research facility will bring academics from biology and chemistry together and will include Positron Emission Tomography with CT scanning (PET-CT) and two mini cyclotrons.
Two new research groups will be based at the facility, called the Allam building: one focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic research and the other on cancer.
Established in 1994, one of the PGMI's sections is the Yorkshire Cancer Research-funded Centre for Magnetic Resonance Investigations which is actively engaged in researching the application of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques to cancer research.
The Wilberforce Institute, patron Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu, for the study of Slavery and Emancipation (WISE) is located in Oriel Chambers on the High Street in Hull's Old Town, adjacent to Wilberforce House.
The University's Maritime Historical Studies Centre provides a BA in History and Maritime History, an online Diploma in Maritime History and PhD research in Maritime History.
Approximately 50 sports clubs are affiliated to the Students Union's Athletic Union, many of which compete in BUCS national university leagues.
The Courtyard opened in 2016 and is situated next to the Student Union, it houses 562 students in en-suite rooms as well as some rooftop apartments.
The University also has halls located in the nearby village of Cottingham at The Lawns: seven halls which could hold around 1,000 students.
In March 2019 it was announced that The Lawns would not be taking in students for the 2019/2020 academic year citing a lack of demand.
In the recent past there were additional halls of residence in Cottingham at Needler Hall which closed in 2016, Thwaite Hall which closed in 2017 and Cleminson Hall (located adjacent to Thwaite Hall) which closed in 2004.
Student housing is based primarily in the terraced streets around the university campus itself, as well as around the Newland Avenue and Beverley Road areas of the city.
The University's Brynmor Jones Library was the workplace of the poet Philip Larkin who served as its Head Librarian for over thirty years.
The Philip Larkin Society organises activities in remembrance of Larkin including the Larkin 25 festival which was organised during 2010 in partnership with the University.
They include former MP and later Deputy Prime Minister Lord Prescott (John Prescott), former MP and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party Lord Hattersley (Roy Hattersley) and current deputy leader Tom Watson, politician and author Chris Mullin, social scientist Lord Giddens (Anthony Giddens), poet Roger McGough, journalist John McCarthy and film director, playwright and screenwriter the late Anthony Minghella.
SMART was the acronym of a discretionary business grant scheme – the Small firms' Merit Award for Research and Technology – run by the UK Department of Trade and Industry for a number of years in the 1980s and 1990s.
The award was made to companies winning an annual competition (organised regionally) based on a judgement of the technical and market viability of research or technology development proposals; in essence the award represented seed-corn funding for innovative developments that had some market potential.
In 2005 the scheme was shut down and replaced with the Grant for Research and Development which was again a regional competition.
SMART is a mnemonic/acronym, giving criteria to guide in the setting of objectives, for example in project management, employee-performance management and personal development.
However, the term's inventor had a slightly different version and the letters have meant different things to different authors, as described below.
The principal advantage of SMART objectives is that they are easier to understand and to know when they have been done.
Archery at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held at Sydney International Archery Park in Sydney, Australia with ranking rounds on 16 September and regular competition held from 17 to 20 September.
One hundred twenty-eight archers from forty-six nations competed in the four gold medal events—individual and team events for men and for women—that were contested at these games.
The 1999 World Target Competition's top 8 teams (besides the host nation) each received three spots, and the 19 highest ranked archers after the team qualifiers were removed also received spots.
Each NOC that received three places for individual archers (i.e., the host nation, the top 8 teams at the World Target Competition, and any other nation that was able to take 3 of the remaining 37 places) was able to have its three archers compete as a team in the team competition.
64 archers in each gender took part in the Olympics, with each National Olympic Committee being able to enter a maximum of three archers.
There were three rounds of elimination that used six ends of three arrows, narrowing the field of archers to 32, then to 16, then to 8.
It was first released on 26 June 1995 in the United Kingdom by Junior Boy's Own, Freestyle Dust, and Virgin Records, and on 15 August 1995 in the United States by Astralwerks.
The album received critical acclaim and was in the UK charts for many weeks, charting in each year from its release in 1995 until 2000; its highest peak was number 9 in 1995.
He decided to play it live in his DJ sets, and signed the duo to his Junior Boy's Own record label, which re-released the single in 1993.
The duo became resident DJs at the small—but hugely influential—Heavenly Sunday Social Club at the Albany pub in London's Great Portland Street at this point.
The Dust Brothers (as they were at the time) were subsequently asked to remix tracks by Manic Street Preachers and The Charlatans.
The album was finished by 1995 and released on the Junior Boy's Own label, in conjunction with The Chemical Brothers' own independent leg of that label, Freestyle Dust; and Virgin Records, which later replaced Junior Boy's Own as the band's head label.
The duo, however, had to change their name to The Chemical Brothers after the US Dust Brothers had threatened to sue them if they refused to.
A lot of techno albums just have fractals on them, and we wanted something a bit more romantic and otherworldly with soft, nice colours.
This list may not include Federal officials and members of the United States Congress who live in Maryland but are not actual natives.
In the aftermath of the Japanese invasion of Thailand on 7–8 December 1941, the regime of Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun) declared war on the United Kingdom and the United States on 25 January 1942.
Seni, a conservative aristocrat whose anti-Japanese credentials were well established, organized the Free Thai Movement with American assistance, recruiting Thai students in the United States to work with the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS).
By the end of the war, more than 50,000 Thai had been trained and armed to resist the Japanese by Free Thai members who had been parachuted into the country.
The Royal Thai Army joined Japan's Burma Campaign with the goal of recovering part of the Shan states previously surrendered to the United Kingdom by the Treaty of Yandabo.
They gained the return of the four northernmost Malay states lost in the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, and with Japanese mediation in the Franco–Thai war they also recovered territory lost in the Franco-Siamese War of 1893.
However, Japan had stationed 150,000 troops on Thai soil, and as the war dragged on, the Japanese increasingly treated Thailand as a conquered country rather than an ally.
Although the United States had not officially declared war, on 26 December 1942, US Tenth Army Air Force bombers based in India launched the first major bombing raid, which damaged targets in Bangkok and elsewhere and caused several thousand casualties.
In June 1944, Phibun was forced out of office and replaced by the first predominantly civilian government since the 1932 coup.
Allied bombing raids continued, and a B-29 raid on Bangkok destroyed the two key power plants on 14 April 1945, leaving the city without power and water.
Throughout the bombing campaign, the Seri Thai network was effective in broadcasting weather reports to the Allied air forces and in rescuing downed Allied airmen.
The most influential figure in the regime, however, was Pridi Banomyong (who was serving as Regent of Thailand), whose anti-Japanese views were increasingly attractive to the Thais.
After falling-out with Pridi, Khuang was replaced as prime minister by the regent's nominee, Seni, who had returned to Thailand from his post as leader of the Free Thai movement in Washington.
The scramble for power among factions in late 1945 created political divisions among the civilian leaders that destroyed their potential for making a common stand against the resurgent political force of the Thai military in the immediate postwar years.
As a result of the contributions made to the Allied war efforts by the Free Thai Movement, the United States, which unlike other Allied countries had never officially been at war with Thailand, refrained from dealing with Thailand as an enemy country in postwar peace negotiations.
Before signing a peace treaty, however, the United Kingdom demanded war reparations in the form of rice shipments to Malaya, and France refused to permit admission of Thailand to the United Nations (UN) until the Indochinese areas regained by the Thais during the war were returned to France.
Abdullah Ibrahim (born Adolph Johannes Brand on 9 October 1934 and formerly known as Dollar Brand) is a South African pianist and composer.
His music reflects many of the musical influences of his childhood in the multicultural port areas of Cape Town, ranging from traditional African songs to the gospel of the AME Church and ragas, to more modern jazz and other Western styles.
During the apartheid era in the 1960s Ibrahim moved to New York City and, apart from a brief return to South Africa in the 1970s, remained in exile until the early '90s.
Over the decades he has toured the world extensively, appearing at major venues either as a solo artist or playing with other renowned musicians, including Max Roach, Carlos Ward and Randy Weston, as well as collaborating with classical orchestras in Europe.
With his wife, the jazz singer Sathima Bea Benjamin, he is father to the New York underground rapper Jean Grae, as well as to a son, Tsakwe.
He attended Trafalgar High School in Cape Town's District Six, and began piano lessons at the age of seven, making his professional debut at 15.
Although the group avoided explicitly political activity, the apartheid government was suspicious of it and other jazz groups, and targeted them heavily during the increase in state repression following the Sharpeville massacre, and eventually, the Jazz Epistles broke up.
The Dollar Brand Trio (with Johnny Gertze on bass and Makaya Ntshoko on drums) subsequently played at many European festivals, as well as on radio and television.
Ibrahim and Benjamin moved to New York in 1965 and that year he played at the Newport Jazz Festival, followed by a first tour through the US; in 1966 Ibrahim substituted for Duke Ellington on five dates, leading the Duke Ellington Orchestra.
While in the US he interacted with many progressive musicians, among them Don Cherry, Ornette Coleman, John Coltrane, Pharoah Sanders, Cecil Taylor and Archie Shepp.
As the Black Power movement developed in the 1960s and 1970s, it influenced a number of Ibrahim's friends and collaborators, who began to see their music as a form of cultural nationalism.
Ibrahim briefly returned to South Africa in the mid-1970s, having in 1968 converted to Islam (with the resultant change of name from Dollar Brand to Abdullah Ibrahim).
He met Rashid Vally at the latter's Kohinoor record shop in Johannesburg in the early 1970s, and Vally produced two of Ibrahim's albums in the following years.
Ibrahim has worked as a solo performer, typically in unbroken concerts that echo the unstoppable impetus of the old marabi performers, classical impressionists and snatches of his musical idols – Ellington, Thelonious Monk and Fats Waller.
Since his return to South Africa in the early 1990s, he has been feted with symphony orchestra performances, one of which was in honour of Nelson Mandela's 1994 inauguration as President.
In 1997, Ibrahim collaborated on a tour with drummer Max Roach, and the following year undertook a world tour with the Munich Radio Philharmonic Orchestra.
In 2016, at Emperors Palace, Johannesburg, Ibrahim and Hugh Masekela performed together for the first time in 60 years, reuniting the Jazz Epistles in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the historic 16 June 1976 youth demonstrations.
In 2007, Ibrahim was presented with the South African Music Lifetime Achievement Award, given by the Recording Industry of South Africa, in a ceremony at the Sun City Superbowl.
In July 2018, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) announced Abdullah Ibrahim as one of four recipients of the NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships, to be celebrated in a concert on 15 April 2019 at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC.
Awarded in recognition of lifetime achievement, the honor is bestowed on individuals who have made significant contributions to the art form, the other 2019 recipients being Bob Dorough, Maria Schneider, and Stanley Crouch.
Rivas was born in Mexico City, Mexico, his father was Antonio Ribas Murphy (1901–1945) a Catalan, his mother was Maria Luisa Rowlatt Romana (1910–1983) British descendant.
While sharing stages with luminaries such as Mario Moreno 'Cantinflas', Silvia Pinal and Enrique Rambal, he made more over 100 television and movie appearances.
Rivas appeared in films of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, generally comedies, but he was also capable of playing dramatic roles.
His film career reached its peak in 1919-20, when his name appeared on seven films, most of them serials, three of them starring Harry Houdini.
After that—probably because of the film industry's migration to Hollywood and Reeve's desire to remain in the east—Reeve worked more sporadically in film.
In 1927, Reeve entered into a contract (with John S. Lopez) to write a series of film scenarios for notorious millionaire-murderer, Harry K. Thaw, on the subject of fake spiritualists.
During his career, Reeve covered many celebrated crime cases for various newspapers, including the murder of William Desmond Taylor in 1922, and the trial of Lindbergh baby kidnapper, Bruno Hauptmann, who was executed in 1936.
The Scottish Labour Party (SLP), also known as the Scottish Parliamentary Labour Party, was formed by Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, the first socialist MP in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, who later went on to become the first president of the Scottish National Party, and Keir Hardie, who later became the first leader of the Independent Labour Party.
He had tried and failed to gain Liberal Party support for his candidature, and the experience convinced many of his fellow miners of the need for an independent party representing the interests of labour.
This was chaired by Cunninghame Graham, while other attendees included Irish nationalist politician John Ferguson, crofter John Murdoch, land reformer Shaw Maxwell and miners' leader Robert Smillie.
However, the organised socialist movement was not initially involved; both the Social Democratic Federation and the Socialist League boycotted the event.
The diverse factions had very different perspectives on the party's future, but were able to agree a programme, largely based on a draft by Hardie.
R B Cunninghame Graham, a strong supporter of Scottish independence, was the party's main MP, for the North West Lanarkshire constituency, between his defection from the Liberal Party in 1888 and his defeat in the United Kingdom general election 1892, in the Glasgow Camlachie constituency.
Following their departure, with many of the other radicals, the party declared itself in favour of socialism, and prohibited officials (but not other members) from dual membership with other political parties.
Attempts by Cunninghame Graham and Shaw Maxwell to arrange a non-contest pact with the Liberals failed, and the SLP candidates did not poll well.
The party initially supported Henry Hyde Champion's trades council movement, but became concerned when it formed the Scottish United Trades Councils Labour Party under the secretaryship of Chisholm Robertson, presenting itself as a potential rival to the Scottish Labour Party.
However, Champion's movement soon faded, while it did serve to move some trades councils to a position supporting independent labour candidates, and closer co-operation with the Scottish Labour Party.
In 1894, Hardie became President of the new Independent Labour Party (ILP), and the vast majority of Scottish Labour Party members supported him.
Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine from 1983 to 2002, he was Minister of the Budget under Prime Minister Édouard Balladur (1993–1995) during François Mitterrand's second term.
During his term, he faced the late-2000s financial crisis (causing a recession, the European sovereign debt crisis), the Russo-Georgian War (for which he negotiated a ceasefire) and the Arab Spring (especially in Tunisia, Libya, and Syria).
After leaving the presidential office, Sarkozy vowed to retire from public life before coming back in 2014, being subsequently reelected as UMP leader (renamed The Republicans in 2015).
He has been charged with corruption by French prosecutors in two cases, notably concerning the alleged Libyan interference in the 2007 French elections.
According to Sarkozy, his staunchly Gaullist grandfather was more of an influence on him than his father, whom he rarely saw.
Paris X Nanterre had been the starting place for the May '68 student movement and was still a stronghold of leftist students.
After graduating from university, Sarkozy entered Sciences Po, where he studied between 1979 and 1981, but failed to graduate due to an insufficient command of the English language.
After passing the bar, Sarkozy became a lawyer specializing in business and family law and was one of Silvio Berlusconi's French lawyers.
Sarkozy married his first wife, Marie-Dominique Culioli, on 23 September 1982; her father was a pharmacist from Vico (a village north of Ajaccio, Corsica), her uncle was Achille Peretti, the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine from 1947–1983 and Sarkozy's political mentor.
They had two sons, Pierre (born in 1985), now a hip-hop producer, and Jean (born in 1986) now a local politician in the city of Neuilly-sur-Seine where Sarkozy started his own political career.
As mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Sarkozy met former fashion model and public relations executive Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz (great-granddaughter of composer Isaac Albéniz and daughter of a Moldovan father), when he officiated at her wedding to television host Jacques Martin.
Between 2002 and 2005, the couple often appeared together on public occasions, with Cécilia Sarkozy acting as the chief aide for her husband.
Less than a month after separating from Cécilia, Sarkozy met Italian-born singer, songwriter and former fashion model Carla Bruni at a dinner party, and soon entered a relationship with her.
Sarkozy declared to the Constitutional Council a net worth of €2 million, most of the assets being in the form of life insurance policies.
As the French President, one of his first actions was to give himself a pay raise: his yearly salary went from €101,000 to €240,000 to match his European counterparts .
He is also entitled to a mayoral, parliamentarian and presidential pension as a former Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, member of the National Assembly and President of France.
From 2004 to 2007, Sarkozy was president of the Union pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP), France's major right-wing political party, and he was Minister of the Interior in the government of Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, with the honorific title of Minister of State, making him effectively the number three official in the French State after President Jacques Chirac and Villepin.
His ministerial responsibilities included law enforcement and working to co-ordinate relationships between the national and local governments, as well as Minister of Worship (in this role he created the French Council of the Muslim Faith (CFCM).
A member of the Neo-Gaullist party RPR, he went on to be elected mayor of that town, after the death of the incumbent mayor Achille Peretti.
At the same time, from 1993 to 1995, he was Minister for the Budget and spokesman for the executive in the cabinet of Prime Minister Édouard Balladur.
During his tenure, he increased France's public debt more than any other French Budget Minister, by the equivalent of €200 billion (US$260 billion) (FY 1994–1996).
The first two budgets he submitted to the parliament (budgets for FY1994 and FY1995) assumed a yearly budget deficit equivalent to six percent of GDP.
After Chirac won the election, Sarkozy lost his position as Minister for the Budget, and found himself outside the circles of power.
But it obtained its worst result at the 1999 European Parliament election, winning 12.7% of the votes, less than the dissident Rally for France of Charles Pasqua.
In 2002, however, after his re-election as President of the French Republic (see 2002 French presidential election), Chirac appointed Sarkozy as French Minister of the Interior in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, despite Sarkozy's support of Edouard Balladur for French President in 1995.
Following Chirac's 14 July keynote speech on road safety, Sarkozy as interior minister pushed through new legislation leading to the mass purchase of speed cameras and a campaign to increase the awareness of dangers on the roads.
Tensions continued to build between Sarkozy and Chirac and within the UMP party, as Sarkozy's intentions of becoming head of the party after the resignation of Alain Juppé became clear.
Towards the end of his first term as Minister of the Interior, in 2004, Sarkozy was the most divisive conservative politician in France, according to polls conducted at the beginning of 2004.
Unlike the Catholic Church in France with their official leaders or Protestants with their umbrella organisations, the French Muslim community had a lack of structure with no group that could legitimately deal with the French government on their behalf.
In addition, Sarkozy has suggested amending the 1905 law on the separation of Church and State, mostly in order to be able to finance mosques and other Muslim institutions with public funds so that they are less reliant on money from outside France.
During his second term at the Ministry of the Interior, Sarkozy was initially more discreet about his ministerial activities: instead of focusing on his own topic of law and order, many of his declarations addressed wider issues, since he was expressing his opinions as head of the UMP party.
These remarks were sharply criticised by many on the left wing and by a member of his own government, Delegate Minister for Equal Opportunities Azouz Begag.
After the rioting, he made a number of announcements on future policy: selection of immigrants, greater tracking of immigrants, and a reform on the 1945 ordinance government justice measures for young delinquents.
Before he was elected President of France, Sarkozy was president of UMP, the French conservative party, elected with 85 percent of the vote.
Sarkozy opened another avenue of controversy by declaring that he wanted a reform of the immigration system, with quotas designed to admit the skilled workers needed by the French economy.
He also wants to reform the current French system for foreign students, saying that it enables foreign students to take open-ended curricula in order to obtain residency in France; instead, he wants to select the best students to the best curricula in France.
Later, groups such as the Odebi League and EUCD.info alleged that Sarkozy personally and unofficially supported certain amendments to the law, which enacted strong penalties against designers of peer-to-peer systems.
In February 2007, Sarkozy appeared on a televised debate on TF1 where he expressed his support for affirmative action and the freedom to work overtime.
Despite his opposition to same-sex marriage, he advocated civil unions and the possibility for same-sex partners to inherit under the same regime as married couples.
Opponents also accused him of courting conservative voters in policy-making in a bid to capitalise on right-wing sentiments among some communities.
However, his popularity was sufficient to see him polling as the frontrunner throughout the later campaign period, consistently ahead of rival Socialist candidate, Ségolène Royal.
In the second round, Sarkozy came out on top to win the election with 53.06 percent of the votes ahead of Ségolène Royal with 46.94 percent.
In his speech immediately following the announcement of the election results, Sarkozy stressed the need for France's modernisation, but also called for national unity, mentioning that Royal was in his thoughts.
On 6 May 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy became the sixth person to be elected President of the Fifth Republic (which was established in 1958), and the 23rd President in French history.
The official transfer of power from Chirac to Sarkozy took place on 16 May at 11:00 am (9:00 UTC) at the Élysée Palace, where he was given the authorization codes of the French nuclear arsenal.
Sarkozy appointed Bernard Kouchner, the left-wing founder of Médecins Sans Frontières, as his Foreign Minister, leading to Kouchner's expulsion from the Socialist Party.
In addition to Kouchner, three more Sarkozy ministers are from the left, including Éric Besson, who served as Ségolène Royal's economic adviser at the beginning of her campaign.
Sarkozy also appointed seven women to form a total cabinet of 15; one, Justice Minister Rachida Dati, is the first woman of Northern African origin to serve in a French cabinet.
The ministers were reorganised, with the controversial creation of a 'Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Co-Development'—given to his right-hand man Brice Hortefeux—and of a 'Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Administration'—handed out to Éric Wœrth, supposed to prepare the replacement of only a third of all civil servants who retire.
Sarkozy broke with the custom of amnestying traffic tickets and of releasing thousands of prisoners from overcrowded jails on Bastille Day, a tradition that Napoleon had started in 1802 to commemorate the storming of the Bastille during the French Revolution.
In the 2007 and 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and Quebec Premier Jean Charest all spoke in favour of a Canada – EU free trade agreement.
Shortly after taking office, Sarkozy began negotiations with Colombian president Álvaro Uribe and the left-wing guerrilla FARC, regarding the release of hostages held by the rebel group, especially Franco-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt.
Furthermore, he announced on 24 July 2007, that French and European representatives had obtained the extradition of the Bulgarian nurses detained in Libya to their country.
In exchange, he signed with Muammar Gaddafi security, health care and immigration pacts—and a $230 million (168 million euros) MILAN antitank missile sale.
On 8 June 2007, during the 33rd G8 summit in Heiligendamm, Sarkozy set a goal of reducing French CO emissions by 50 percent by 2050 in order to prevent global warming.
Critics alleged that Sarkozy proposed to nominate Strauss-Kahn as managing director of the IMF to deprive the Socialist Party of one of its more popular figures.
In 2010, a study of :Yale and Columbia universities ranked France the most respectful country of the G20 concerning the environment.
The Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), Sarkozy's party, won a majority at the June 2007 legislative election, although by less than expected.
Sarkozy's UMP majority prepared a budget that reduced taxes, in particular for upper middle-class people, allegedly in an effort to boost GDP growth, but did not reduce state expenditures.
The Government has also made changes to long-standing French work-hour regulations, allowing employers to negotiate overtime with employees and making all hours worked past the traditional French 35-hour week tax-free.
The new database would be interconnected with the Schengen Information System (SIS) as well as with a national database of wanted persons (FPR).
The Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) protested against this new decree, opposing itself to the recording of fingerprints and to the interconnection between the SIS and the FPR.
On 21 July 2008, the French parliament passed constitutional reforms which Sarkozy had made one of the key pledges of his presidential campaign.
During his 2007 presidential campaign, Sarkozy promised a strengthening of the entente cordiale with the United Kingdom and closer cooperation with the United States.
Sarkozy has publicly stated his intention to attain EU approval of a progressive energy package before the end of his EU Presidency.
On 6 December 2008, Nicolas Sarkozy, as part of France's then presidency of the Council of the EU, met the Dalai Lama in Poland and outraged China, which has announced that it would postpone the China-EU summit indefinitely.
On 3 April 2009, at the NATO Summit in Strasbourg, Sarkozy announced that France would offer asylum to a former Guantanamo captive.
The plan, which was jointly proposed by Sarkozy and Egyptian ex-President Hosni Mubarak envisions the continuation of the delivery of aid to Gaza and talks with Israel on border security, a key issue for Israel as it says Hamas smuggles its rockets into Gaza through the Egyptian border.
Muammar Gaddafi's official visit to Nicolas Sarkozy in December 2007 triggered a strong wave of protests against the President in France.
In March 2011, after having been criticized for his unwillingness to support the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions, and persuaded by the philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy to have France actively engage against the forces of the Libyan leader, Muammar Gaddafi, Nicolas Sarkozy was amongst the first Heads of State to demand the resignation of Gaddafi and his government, which was then fighting a civil war in Libya.
On 10 March 2011, Nicolas Sarkozy welcomed to the Elysee Palace, three emissaries from the Libyan National Transitional Council (NTC), brought to him by Bernard-Henri Levy who mediated at the meeting.
François Hollande, the Socialist Party candidate, received the most votes in the first round held on 22 April election, with Sarkozy coming second, meaning that both progressed to the second round of voting on 5–6 May 2012.
Shortly after, Sarkozy briefly considered a career in private equity and secured a €250 million commitment from the Qatar Investment Authority to back his planned buyout firm.
On 19 September 2014, Sarkozy announced that he was returning to politics and would run for chairman of the UMP party.
In August 2016, he announced his candidacy for 2016 Republican presidential primary in November 2016, but only came in third place behind François Fillon and Alain Juppé.
His official portrait destined for all French town halls was done by Sipa Press photographer Philippe Warrin, better known for his paparazzi work.
In 2009, a worker at a factory where Sarkozy gave a speech said she was asked to stand next to him because she was of a similar height to Sarkozy.
Sarkozy lost a suit against a manufacturer of Sarkozy voodoo dolls, in which he claimed that he had a right to his own image.
Whereas in the history of the Fifth Republic, the successive presidents were traditionally focused on the foreign policy of the country and on international relations, leaving the Prime Minister and the government to determine the domestic policy, as the Constitution states it, Nicolas Sarkozy appeared to determine both the foreign and domestic policy.
Sarkozy is generally disliked by the left and has been criticised by some on the right, most vocally by moderate Gaullist supporters of Jacques Chirac and Dominique de Villepin.
He advocated reducing the separation of church and state, arguing for the government subsidies for mosques to encourage Islamic integration into French society.
After meeting with Tom Cruise, Sarkozy was criticized by some for meeting with a member of the Church of Scientology, which has been seen by some as a cult.
In September 2005 Sarkozy was accused of pushing for a hasty inquiry into an arson attack on a police station in Pau, of which the alleged perpetrators were acquitted for lack of proof.
Eon was arrested for causing offence to the presidential function and the prosecutor, who in France indirectly reports to the president, requested a fine of €1000.
The court eventually imposed a symbolic €30 suspended fine, which has generally been interpreted as a defeat for the prosecution side.
This incident was widely reported on, in particular as Sarkozy, as president of the Republic, is immune from prosecution, notably restricting Eon's rights to sue Sarkozy for defamation.
However, he was critical of the way Chirac and his foreign minister Dominique de Villepin expressed France's opposition to the war.
In October 2009, Sarkozy was accused of nepotism for helping his son, Jean, try to become head of the public body running France's biggest business district EPAD.
On 3 July 2012, French police raided Sarkozy's residence and office as part of a probe into claims that Sarkozy was involved in illegal political campaign financing.
On 5 July 2010, following its investigations on the Bettencourt affair, online newspaper Mediapart ran an article in which Claire Thibout, a former accountant of billionairess Liliane Bettencourt, accused Sarkozy and Eric Woerth of receiving illegal campaign donations in 2007, in cash.
On 1 July 2014 Sarkozy was detained for questioning by police over claims he had promised a prestigious role in Monaco to a high-ranking judge, Gilbert Azibert, in exchange for information about the investigation into alleged illegal campaign funding.
Mr Azibert, one of the most senior judges at the Court of Appeal, was called in for questioning on 30 June 2014.
It is believed to be the first time a former French president has been held in police custody, although his predecessor, Jacques Chirac, was found guilty of embezzlement and breach of trust while he was mayor of Paris and given a suspended prison sentence in 2011.
Nevertheless, he later stood as a candidate for the Republican party nomination, but was eliminated from the contest in November 2016.
Shortly after Sarkozy's inauguration as President of France in 2007, he invited Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi to France over the objections of both the political opposition, and members of his own government.
The visit marked the first time Gaddafi had been to France in more than 35 years and, during it, France agreed to sell Libya 21 Airbus aircraft and signed a nuclear cooperation agreement.
Negotiations for the purchase of more than a dozen Dassault Rafale fighter jets, plus military helicopters, were also initiated during the trip.
During the 2011 Libyan Civil War – a conflict in which France intervened – Saif-al-Islam Gaddafi said in an interview with euronews that the Libyan state had donated €50 million to Sarkozy's 2007 presidential campaign in exchange for access and favors by Sarkozy.
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi's claim was later repeated by former Libyan prime minister Baghdadi Mahmudi in October of that year, though Sarkozy denied its veracity.
Investigative website Mediapart subsequently published several documents appearing to prove a payment of €50 million, and also published a claim by Ziad Takieddine that he had personally handed three briefcases stuffed with cash to Sarkozy.
Shortly thereafter, however, Ghanem was found dead, floating in the Danube in Austria and thereby preventing his corroboration of the diaries.
Djouhri was an associate of Sarkozy and had refused to respond to a French judicial summons for questioning over allegations he had helped launder Libyan funds on behalf of Sarkozy.
On 20 March, Sarkozy was arrested by French police and held for questioning concerning the various allegations about a Libyan connection, the first time he had been interrogated in relation to the matter.
He also claimed that a former officer of the Libyan intelligence service was in possession of a recording of a meeting between his father and Sarkozy in Tripoli in 2007 at which payments were discussed.
It was released on 7 April 1997 in the United Kingdom by Freestyle Dust and Virgin Records and in the United States by Astralwerks.
Frank Joseph Zamboni, Jr. (, ; January 16, 1901 – July 27, 1988) was an American inventor and engineer, whose most famous invention is the modern ice resurfacer, with his surname being registered as a trademark for these resurfacers.
In 1920, he moved with his parents to the harbor district of Los Angeles, where his older brother George was operating an auto repair shop.
After Frank attended a trade school in Chicago, he and his younger brother Lawrence opened an electrical supply business in 1922 in the Los Angeles suburb of Hynes (now part of Paramount).
They continued their ice business in 1939, but saw little future in that business with the advent of electrically operated refrigeration units.
In 1940, the brothers, along with a cousin, Pete Zamboni, opened the Iceland rink, which proved very popular, in no small part because Frank had devised a way to eliminate rippling caused by the pipes that were laid down to keep the rink frozen.
Then, in 1949, he invented a machine that transformed the job of resurfacing an ice rink from a five-man, 90-minute task to a one-man, 15-minute job.
The initial machine included a hydraulic cylinder from an A-20 attack plane, a chassis from an oil derrick, a Jeep engine, a wooden bin to catch the shavings, and a series of pulleys.
Zamboni did not expect to make more but, after seeing the machine, Sonja Henie immediately ordered two, and then the Chicago Blackhawks placed an order.
Zamboni applied for a patent in 1949 – obtained in 1953 – and set up Frank J. Zamboni & Co. in Paramount to build and sell the machines.
The machine shaves ice off the surface, collects the shavings, washes the ice, and spreads a thin coat of fresh water onto the surface.
In the early 1950s, Zamboni built them on top of Jeep CJ-3Bs, then on stripped Jeep chassis from 1956 through 1964.
Demand for the machine proved great enough that his company added a second plant in Brantford, Ontario and a branch office in Switzerland.
In the 1970s, he invented machines to remove water from outdoor artificial turf surfaces, remove paint stripes from the same surfaces, and roll up and lay down artificial turf in domed stadiums.
He died of cardiac arrest at Long Beach Memorial Hospital in July 1988 at the age of 87, about two months after his wife's death.
Zamboni was inducted into the Ice Skating Institute's Hall of Fame in 1965, and he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from Clarkson University in 1988.
Frank was posthumously inducted into the NEISMA Hall of Fame in 1988, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2000, the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2006, the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007, the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame in 2009, and into the United States Speed Skating Hall of Fame in 2013.
Franciszek Zabłocki (January 2, 1754, Volhynia – September 10, 1821, Końskowola), is considered the most distinguished Polish comic dramatist and satirist of the Enlightenment period.
Zablocki was a regular invitee to these parties, which included in its guest list such Polish luminaries as A. Naruszewicz and I. Krasicki.
His major works are Amphitryon (1783), Sarmatism (1785), Muhammad Harlequin (1785), King of bliss in the country (1787), Yellow nightcap (1783), Doctor of Lublin (1781), Gamrat (1785) and The Marriage of Figaro (1786).
Indlamu () is a traditional Zulu dance from Southern Africa, synonymous with the Zulu tribe of South Africa and the Northern Ndebele tribe of Western Zimbabwe.
The dance is characterised by the dancer lifting one foot over his/her head and bringing it down sharply, landing squarely on the downbeat.
Lodovico (or Ludovico) Zacconi (11 June 1555 – 23 March 1627) was an Italian composer and musical theorist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras.
He worked as a singer, theologian, and writer on music in northern Italy and Austria; for a time he was in the employ of Archduke Karl of Graz, and worked in Graz and Vienna.
In 1577 he was in Venice studying at the church of San Stefano, and at some point in the following six years he was accepted by Andrea Gabrieli as a student of counterpoint.
In 1584 he auditioned at San Marco as a singer, and was accepted; however he seems to have declined the position.
On 20 July 1585, he joined the musical establishment of Archduke Karl of Graz, a position he retained until Karl's death in 1590.
In 1596 he left the employ of Wilhelm, returning to Italy; in the following years he worked as a prior at Pesaro, and as a preacher and administrator in both Italy and Crete.
His theoretical works are conservative, and make no mention of the emerging Baroque style, in spite of his studies with the distinguished Venetian composer Andrea Gabrieli.
But he also treats of orchestral instruments—their compass and method of playing—and gives valuable information as to the scoring of early operas and oratorios.
Having begun his career at Crewe Alexandra in 1993, he moved to Liverpool in 1997, where he won a treble of the League Cup, FA Cup and UEFA Cup in 2001.
During his time at Liverpool he scored the winning goal against Manchester United at Old Trafford three times, each a 1–0 win.
After brief spells at Charlton Athletic and Tottenham Hotspur he joined Fulham, which he helped reach the 2010 UEFA Europa League Final, and ended his career at Blackburn Rovers.
Murphy made his debut as a 16-year-old substitute in December 1993, coming off the bench at Valley Parade against Bradford City in a Football League Trophy tie.
Before he left, he helped Crewe reach the second tier of English football for the first time since 1896, as Crewe finished third in Division Two, before going on to defeat Brentford 1–0 at Wembley in the 1997 play-off final.
After signing for Liverpool in 1997, for an initial fee of £1.5 million, he made his debut as a substitute on the opening day of the 1997–98 season in a draw with Wimbledon.
However, he did not break into the first team squad immediately and, after making just one league appearance for the club during the following season, he returned to Crewe for a successful period on loan, during which he helped save his old club from relegation.
After the loan period ended, he looked set to be sold but he went on to become a first-team regular at Anfield.
Though naturally a central midfield player, Murphy often played as a wide midfielder due to the fierce competition for places, most notably from Steven Gerrard and Dietmar Hamann.
Murphy's career at Liverpool included a unique cup treble in 2001 (where Liverpool won the League Cup, FA Cup and UEFA Cup), a Premier League second-place finish in 2002 and a second League Cup in 2003.
Although the 2002–03 season was overall a disappointing one for Liverpool, with the club slumping to fifth in the table after a lengthy winless run in mid-winter, Murphy had a fine individual campaign which saw him score 12 goals and be voted the supporters' player of the season.
He also started the 2003 Football League Cup Final as Liverpool defeated Manchester United, having missed the 2001 final due to injury.
He developed an uncanny habit of scoring the deciding goal in 1–0 wins against Manchester United at Old Trafford, a feat he achieved three times in four seasons (2000–01, 2001–02 and 2003–04).
However, in the first three months of the 2005–06 season he emerged as a viable option for England once more, and also won the September player of the month award, scoring several goals along the way.
Murphy scored his first Tottenham goal in the 2–1 defeat of Portsmouth on 1 October 2006 after only 39 seconds of the game.
He scored his second goal for Tottenham when Jermain Defoe was injured in a pre-match warm-up against Newcastle United; manager Martin Jol brought Murphy into a 4–5–1 formation.
After several months, the FA decided to take the goal away from Murphy and put it down as an own-goal for Taylor.
Murphy was unable to establish himself as a regular at Tottenham, but made clear later that despite reports in the media, there was no disagreement between him and Jol.
Murphy cemented himself as a regular starter, kept his place in the team throughout the season and scored six goals in 43 matches.
One goal, a rare header scored on 11 May 2008, gave Fulham a 1–0 win away at Portsmouth and ensured their Premier League survival at the expense of Birmingham City and Reading; the goal was scored as manager Roy Hodgson prepared to substitute Murphy.
Murphy signed a new one-year contract, with an option for a further year, at the end of the season, and was appointed club captain for 2008–09.
On 9 November 2008, Murphy scored his 100th goal at club level from the penalty spot, as Fulham beat Newcastle United 2–1.
The year's option on Murphy's contract was taken up during the season, but in August 2009, amid reported interest from clubs including Birmingham City and Stoke City, he signed another extension, until June 2011.
Murphy missed two months in the early part of the season with a knee ligament problem, but went on to captain Fulham to their first European final.
They eliminated opponents including Juventus, defending champions Shakhtar Donetsk, Bundesliga champions Wolfsburg, and Hamburg to reach the 2010 UEFA Europa League Final.
Just one day after signing a new contract, Murphy scored his first goal of the season and then another, as Fulham beat his former club Tottenham 4–0 in the fourth round of the FA Cup.
After making forty-nine appearance and scoring seven times in all competitions, he was released by Fulham at the end of the 2011–12 season as he and Martin Jol, who had replaced Hodgson's successor, Hughes, could not agree on a contract extension.
He was unveiled on 2 July 2012, wearing the same number 13 squad number that he wore throughout his career, therefore also taking Mark Bunn's number.
Murphy said that he moved to Blackburn Rovers for first team football and said it was the right time to leave Fulham.
On 1 July 2013, Murphy had his contract terminated by mutual consent despite being willing to stay at the club for another season.
While at the club, Murphy was praised by manager Gary Bowyer for his assistance during Bowyer's management career at Blackburn Rovers.
He made his debut in a friendly match against Sweden in November 2001, and scored his only international goal in a 4–0 victory over Paraguay in April 2002.
Having been called up as a replacement for injured club teammate Steven Gerrard, he was set to play at the 2002 World Cup, but had to withdraw from the squad after he suffered a metatarsal injury similar to that which had affected England teammates David Beckham and Gary Neville in the run-up to the tournament.
He announced his retirement as a player on 10 October 2013, with the intention of continuing his media work and completing his coaching badges.
2011–12 appearances includes match in UEFA Cup, away to Dnipro on 25 August 2011, which is currently not included on Soccerbase website.
Stéphane Henchoz (; born 7 September 1974) is a Swiss football coach and a former international player who played as a defender, most notably for the English club Liverpool.
He was capped 72 times and played for his country from his debut in 1993, and played at Euro 1996 and Euro 2004.
In June 1997, he turned down an opportunity to join Manchester United, instead signing for Blackburn Rovers for a fee of £3 million.
Henchoz enjoyed a very successful debut Premiership season as Rovers finished sixth in 1997–98, although they were then relegated at the end of the 1998–99 season.
This partnership played an important part in Liverpool's historic cup treble in 2001, although it was Henchoz's clumsy challenge on Martin O'Connor in the 90th minute of the League Cup final against Birmingham City that led to extra time (the match itself was only settled on penalties).
Henchoz is also remembered for inadvertently blocking a goalbound Thierry Henry shot with his arm in the 17th minute of that year's FA Cup final, Liverpool then went on to win the match with two Michael Owen finishes.
His last two seasons were interrupted due to spells of injury but he still surpassed the 200 mark of games for Liverpool in 2003–04.
With injury problems and Gerard Houllier preferring Igor Bišćan at centre half, Henchoz became something of a bit part player appearing as an occasional right back.
When Rafael Benítez replaced Gérard Houllier as manager, his decision to try versatile English defender Jamie Carragher in partnership with Hyypiä spelled an end to Henchoz's Anfield career.
Carragher, previously employed as a full-back, was a revelation at centre back and Henchoz consequently joined Celtic on a six-month contract in January 2005.
Upon the expiration of his Celtic contract, Henchoz opted to move back to the Premier League, signing a one-year contract with newly promoted Wigan Athletic.
Henchoz left Wigan after only a year, signing a contract until the end of the 2006–07 season back with Blackburn Rovers.
He was expected to play in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, but due to health problems he retired from international football on 31 March 2006.
On 6 February 2019 the club announced, that they had sacked Michel Decastel and Henchoz would take charge of the club for the rest of the season.
At the end of March 2019 the club confirmed, that Henchoz would leave his position at the end of the season.
He resigned on 4 November 2019 following a 0–3 loss to FC St. Gallen, which was the 5th loss in 6 league games.
She was Chief Minister briefly in 2000 and again in 2005, then from 2002 to 2003 and from 2007 to 2012.
In 1993 Kanshi Ram formed a coalition with the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1995.
In 1997 and in 2002 she was Chief Minister with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the second time only for a year up to 26 August 2003 due to BJP withdrawing support.
After losing the 2012 legislative assembly elections to the rival Samajwadi Party, she resigned from her post as party leader on 7 March 2012.
She was working as a teacher in Inderpuri JJ Colony, Delhi, and studying for the Indian Administrative Services exams, when Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes politician Kanshi Ram visited her family home in 1977.
Influenced by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Constitution of India, the party's primary focus is to improve the situation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and other disadvantaged groups through policy reform, affirmative action on hiring of members of scheduled castes for government posts, and providing rural development programmes.
Reservation in India is a system whereby a percentage of government positions and seats at universities are reserved for persons of backward classes and scheduled castes and tribes.
Throughout her political career, Mayawati supported reservation in both government and private sectors for backward classes, with an increase in quotas and inclusion of more communities such as religious minorities and economically weak upper castes.
In August 2012 a bill was cleared that starts the process of amending the constitution so that the reservation system can be expanded to promotions in state jobs.
In its first election campaign in 1984, BSP fielded Mayawati for the Lok Sabha (Lower House) seat of Kairana in the Muzaffarnagar district, for Bijnor in 1985, and for Haridwar in 1987.
Although BSP did not win control of the house, the electoral experience led to considerable activity for Mayawati over the next five years, as she worked with Mahsood Ahmed and other organisers.
In 1995 she became, as head of her party, Chief Minister in a short-lived coalition government, the youngest Chief Minister in the history of the state up until that point, and the first female Dalit Chief Minister in India.
She became Chief Minister again for a short period in 1997 and then from 2002 to 2003 in coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party.
She was elected unopposed for a second consecutive term on 27 August 2006, for a third term on 30 August 2014 and for fourth term on 28 August 2019.
In 2007, MLA Umakant Yadav of her own political party accused in a land grabbing case, was arrested near her dwelling on her orders.
During September–October 2010, at the time of the Ayodhya verdict, her government maintained law and order and the state remained peaceful.
Uttar Pradesh achieved higher GDP growth rate at 17 per cent and lesser crimes under Mayawati regime as compared to previous and successive governments.
In April 1997, she created Gautam Budh Nagar district from the district of Ghaziabad, Kaushambi district was separated from Allahabad district, and Jyotiba Phule Nagar district from Moradabad district.
In May 1997, Mahamaya Nagar district was created out of Aligarh district and Banda district was split into Banda and Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Nagar.
She setup Dr Ambedkar Awards and erected over 100 statues of various sizes of Ambedkar in Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad and other key towns.
Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state and one of its poorest, is considered pivotal in the politics of India because of its large number of voters.
The BSP won 20 seats in Lok Sabha from the state of Uttar Pradesh in the 2009 elections, obtaining the highest percentage (27.42%) of votes for any political party in the state.
She announced an agenda that focused on providing social justice to the weaker sections of society and providing employment instead of distributing money to the unemployed.
Her government began a major crackdown on irregularities in the recruitment process of police officers recruited during the previous Mulayam Singh government.
Over 18,000 policemen lost their jobs for irregularities in their hiring, and 25 Indian Police Service officers were suspended for their involvement in corruption while recruiting the constables.
The Dr Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana scheme was launched for supplying water, electricity, and constructing roads in villages with a Dalit majority.
Mayawati government started efforts to set up solar power plants and the first 5 MW solar power plant located in Naini of Allahabad district started functioning in March 2012 and was developed by EMC Limited.
Mayawati's dream project of 165 km six lane Yamuna Expressway connected Delhi to Agra through Noida–Greater Noida Expressway, touching 1,182 villages in the state.
On 15 January 2008, Mayawati inaugurated the construction of the 1,047 km Ganga Expressway at the cost of for joining Ballia to Greater Noida.
In October 2011, Mayawati government under public-private partnership with Jaypee Group successfully executed and delivered First F1 Indian Grand Prix, an international event at Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida constructed by Jaypee Group.
The event was hailed as flawlessly conducted salvaging some of India's prestige when compared to minor embarrassments in 2010 Commonwealth Games (Before opening ceremony) conducted in Delhi.
Foreigners found the track as 'impressive' and 3 Indian teenagers picked by a F1 panel to train them as future Formula One drivers in Europe.
Mayawati has seen through to completion of several memorials dedicated to icons of Bahujan Samaj build first time in India, including the Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji Green Eco Garden (inaugurated March 2011), the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna Sthal and Green Garden (inaugurated October 2011), and the Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar Samajik Parivartan Prateek Sthal (opened November 2012).
She renamed Amethi district as Chattrapati Sahuji Maharaj Nagar, Kanpur Dehat as Rambai Nagar, Sambhal as Bheem Nagar, Shamli as Prabuddha Nagar, Hapur as Psanchseel Nagar, Kasganj as Kanshiram Nagar, Hathras as Mahamaya Nagar and Amroha as JP Nagar.
Mayawati during her tenure directed the all the Commissioners and the District Magistrates to distribute 3 acre land pieces or pattas to weaker sections of society by launching special drive for illegal possesses of pattas be dispossessed of them and the eligible poor be identified by regular monitoring of pattas and strict action against the mafias and musclemen through spot verification of different development and public welfare programmes.
Mayawati dedicated the 286-bed super-specialty Centenary hospital in Lucknow and 50-bed critical care unit at CSMMU and increased salaries of doctors.
After coming to power in 2007, Mayawati wrote letters to the Prime Minister regarding partitioning of Uttar Pradesh into four different states in 2007, in March 2008 and December 2009.
Finally on 15 November 2011, Mayawati's cabinet approved partitioning Uttar Pradesh into four different states (Pashchim Pradesh, Awadh Pradesh, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal) for better administration and governance.
On 6 March 2012 the Bahujan Samaj Party lost its majority to the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati tendered her resignation to the governor of Uttar Pradesh the next day, thereby becoming the first CM to complete full five years in office.
On 13 March 2012 she filed nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha, and she was declared elected unopposed on 22 March.
She has been praised for her fundraising efforts on behalf of her party, and her birthdays were major media events as well as a symbol for her supporters.
In 2002, the government of Uttar Pradesh began improvements of the infrastructure in the Taj Heritage Corridor, the important tourist area in Agra that includes the Taj Mahal.
The project was soon riddled with problems, including funds being released for the project without the submission of the required detailed project reports to the environmental authorities.
In the 2007–08 assessment year, Mayawati paid an income tax of 26 crore, ranking among the top 20 taxpayers in the country.
On 13 March 2012 Mayawati revealed assets worth 111.26 crore in an affidavit filed with her nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha.
The disproportionate assets case was finally quashed on 6 July 2012—nine years later—by a Supreme Court bench of Justice P Sathasivam and Dipak Misra; the court found that the case was unwarranted.
On 4 October 2012 a review petition was filed by Kamlesh Verma, contending that the case had been dismissed merely on technical grounds, and that the evidence had not been adequately reviewed.
In her tenures as a Chief Minister, Mayawati commissioned the production and public display of several monuments having parks, gallerias, museums, memorials, murals and statues representing Buddhist and Hindu, Dalit/OBC icons like Gautama Buddha, Gadge Maharaj, Sant Ravidas, Sant Kabir, Narayana Guru, Jyotirao Phule, Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, Babasaheb Ambedkar, BSP party founder Kanshi Ram, and of herself.
She claims that the expenditure was required because the past governments did not show respect towards Dalit leaders, in whose memory nothing had ever been built.
She spent somewhere between 25 and 60 billion rupees (about US$500 million to US$1.3 billion) on projects in five parks and at memorials such as Dr. B.R.
In June 2009 the Supreme Court issued a stay against further building on the projects, until the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) questioning these expenditures was settled.
The Comptroller and Auditor General of India reported that 66 crore (about US$12 million) in excessive costs had been incurred on the construction of the memorials.
In February 2010 Mayawati's government approved a plan for a special police force to protect the statues, as she feared that her political opponents might demolish them.
In December 2010, her government received permission to continue part of the plan, namely maintenance and completion of Ambedkar Memorial Park.
Despite the existing Supreme Court stay, in October 2011 Mayawati inaugurated the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna Sthal and Green Garden, built at a cost of 685 crore.
Since the memorial also features her own statues, Mayawati was accused by the Indian National Congress of wasting the taxpayers' money.
The BSP dismissed the allegations, stating that her statues were erected because Kanshi Ram's will requested that his statues should be constructed next to those of the current President of BSP.
In January 2012, the Election Commission ordered that all of the statues of Mayawati as well as recent statues of elephants ( the symbol of the Bahujan Samaj Party) should be covered up until after February's Uttar Pradesh election.
The BSP had still not provided evidence about where the monies expended on such monuments came from, whether it was all from appropriation bills passed by the legislature or also included party funds spent for the purpose.
The projects were preplanned and on schedule, but the Mayawati government made changes which put the projects behind schedule, including rapidly transferring high-caste managers in and out of rural posts.
The project coordinator of the Diversified Agriculture Support Project has been changed twice in quick succession and at the moment there is no project coordinator.
She then decreased the number of transfers, stopped creating new posts, and temporarily reduced the level of government spending on furniture and vehicles in response to the allegations.
Mayawati started her political career after Kanshi Ram, the founder of Bahujan Samaj Party, persuaded her to join the civil service and politics.
He stated that the party's eventual goal is to gain power at the national level, and that Mayawati's efforts had helped in that quest.
In 2009, the day was marked by the announcement of welfare schemes targeted towards poor and downtrodden people of the state and, in 2010, by the launch of social programmes with a value of over 7,312 crore.
She was at number 20 in I-T department's compilation of the top 200 taxpayers' list with names like Shah Rukh Khan and Sachin Tendulkar.
At Kanshi Ram's funeral ceremonies in 2006, Mayawati stated that both Kanshi Ram and herself had been, and she would continue to be, observant of Buddhist traditions and customs.
She has stated her intention to formally convert to Buddhism when the political conditions enable her to become Prime Minister of India.
Her act of performing the last rites (traditionally done by a male heir) was an expression of their views against gender discrimination.
By the most common interpretation of the storyline, the film can be divided into a prologue, seven major episodes interrupted by an intermezzo, and an epilogue (see also Structure, below).
If the evenings of each episode were joined with the morning of the respective preceding episode together as a day, they would form seven consecutive days, which may not necessarily be the case.
A helicopter transports a statue of Christ over an ancient Roman aqueduct outside Rome while a second, Marcello Rubini's news helicopter, follows it into the city.
The news helicopter is momentarily sidetracked by a group of bikini-clad women sunbathing on the rooftop of a high-rise apartment building.
Hovering above, Marcello uses gestures to elicit phone numbers from them but fails in his attempt then shrugs and continues on following the statue into Saint Peter's Square.
A beautiful and wealthy heiress, Maddalena is tired of Rome and constantly in search of new sensations while Marcello finds Rome suits him as a jungle he can hide in.
On the way to the hospital, he declares his everlasting love to her and again as she lies in a semiconscious state in the emergency room.
During Sylvia's press conference, Marcello calls home to ensure Emma has taken her medication while reassuring her that he is not alone with Sylvia.
After the film star confidently replies to the barrage of journalists' questions, her boyfriend Robert (Lex Barker) enters the room late and drunk.
Finding themselves alone, Marcello and Sylvia spend the rest of the evening in the alleys of Rome where they wade into the Trevi Fountain.
Blindly following the two children from corner to corner in a downpour, the crowd tears a small tree apart for its branches and leaves said to have sheltered the Madonna.
Outside on the terrace, Marcello confesses to Steiner his admiration for all he stands for, but Steiner admits he is torn between the security that a materialistic life affords and his longing for a more spiritual albeit insecure way of life.
Steiner philosophizes about the need for love in the world and fears what his children may grow up to face one day.
With Paparazzo, they go to the Cha-Cha-Cha Club where Marcello introduces his father to Fanny, a beautiful dancer and one of his past girlfriends (he had promised to get her picture in the paper, but failed to do it).
Marcello tells Paparazzo that as a child he had never seen much of his father, who would spend weeks away from home.
Fanny invites Marcello's father back to her flat, and two other dancers invite the two younger men to go with them.
Marcello wants him to stay with him in Rome so they can get to know each other, but his father, weakened, wants to go home and gets in a taxi to catch the first train home.
Emma starts an argument by professing her love, and tries to get out of the car; Marcello pleads with her not to get out.
With some violence (a bite from her and a slap from him), he throws her out of the car and drives off, leaving her alone on a deserted road at night.
However, their inebriation causes the party to descend into mayhem with Marcello throwing pillow feathers around the room as he rides a young woman crawling on her hands and knees.
He shrugs and returns to the partygoers; one of the women joins him and they hold hands as they walk away from the beach.
In various interviews, Fellini said that the film's initial inspiration was the fashionable ladies' sack dress because of what the dress could hide beneath it.
Credit for the creation of Steiner, the intellectual who commits suicide after shooting his two children, goes to co-screenwriter Tullio Pinelli.
Having gone to school with Italian novelist Cesare Pavese, Pinelli had closely followed the writer's career and felt that his over-intellectualism had become emotionally sterile, leading to his suicide in a Turin hotel in 1950.
Set designer Piero Gherardi created over eighty locations, including the Via Veneto, the dome of Saint Peter's with the staircase leading up to it, and various nightclubs.
However, other sequences were shot on location such as the party at the aristocrats' castle filmed in the real Bassano di Sutri palace north of Rome.
Fellini scrapped a major sequence that would have involved the relationship of Marcello with Dolores, an older writer living in a tower, to be played by 1930s Academy Award-winning actress Luise Rainer.
The scene in the Trevi Fountain was shot over a week in winter: in March according to the BBC, in late January according to Anita Ekberg.
Fellini claimed that Ekberg stood in the cold water in her dress for hours without any trouble while Mastroianni had to wear a wetsuit beneath his clothes - to no avail.
Marcello is a journalist in Rome during the late 1950s who covers tabloid news of movie stars, religious visions and the self-indulgent aristocracy while searching for a more meaningful way of life.
Marcello leads a lifestyle of excess, fame and pleasure amongst Rome's thriving popular culture, depicting the confusion and frequency with which Marcello gets distracted by women and power.
A more sensitive Marcello aspires to become a writer, of leading an intellectual life amongst the elites, the poets, writers and philosophers of the time.
In the opening sequence, a plaster statue of Jesus the Labourer suspended by cables from a helicopter, flies past the ruins of an ancient Roman aqueduct.
Interrupting the seven episodes is the restaurant sequence with the angelic Paola; they are framed by a prologue (Jesus over Rome) and epilogue (the monster fish) giving the film its innovative and symmetrically symbolic structure.
In a device used earlier in his films, Fellini orders the disparate succession of sequences as movements from evening to dawn.
Also employed as an ordering device is the image of a downward spiral that Marcello sets in motion when descending the first of several staircases (including ladders) that open and close episodes.
The upshot is that the film's aesthetic form, rather than its content, embodies the theme of Rome as a moral wasteland.
Ebert's first review for the film, written on October 4, 1961, was the first film review he wrote, before he started his career as a film critic in 1967.
The film earned $6 million in rentals in the United States and Canada in its original release and was the highest-grossing foreign language film at the US box office.
During World War I, he was a leader of a progenitor of the United States Air Force, the United States Army Air Service.
William L. Kenly was born on February 18, 1864, in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Major William L. Kenly and Marion Hook.
He was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, 12 June 1889, in field artillery and took part on August 16, 1899 in the Battle of Angeles, in the Pampanga Province during the Philippine–American War.
On September 3, 1917, Brigadier General Kenly became the first Chief of Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France, effectively taking control away from the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps.
Previously a field artillery commander, he did not have experience leading an air force, and Billy Mitchell wielded a large amount of influence in the AEF's operational decisions.
Kenly then returned to the United States to become Director of Military Aeronautics from May 20, 1918 to August 28, 1918.
He retired in 1919 and King George of Great Britain awarded Kenly the honor of Companion of the Order of the Bath.
Milan Baroš (; born 28 October 1981) is a Czech footballer who plays as a striker for Baník Ostrava in the Czech First League.
He went on to win Ligue 1 with Lyon in 2007, the FA Cup with Portsmouth in 2008 and the Süper Lig with Galatasaray in 2012.
On 1 November 2007, Baroš was arrested in France while driving at in his black Ferrari F430, on a freeway limited to .
Stopped by French police between Lyon and Geneva in the region of Ain, the local authorities said the radar reading of 271 km/h was the fastest speed ever recorded in the region, surpassing the previous mark of set by a motorcyclist in 2000.
As a boy, Baroš played for youth clubs in Vigantice and Rožnov pod Radhoštěm before joining the youth team of Baník Ostrava at the age of 12.
In 1998, he made his debut for the club in the Czech First League, the top division of Czech football, becoming a regular over the next few seasons.
Baroš joined Liverpool in 2002 in a transfer worth £3.2 million, although he did not move straight away due to delays in obtaining a work permit for him.
He made his club debut in a UEFA Champions League tie away to Barcelona on 13 March; he played last 16 minutes in place of Emile Heskey as the match finished goalless.
In the 2002–03 season, Baroš scored twice on his Premiership debut away to Bolton Wanderers on 14 September 2002, as Liverpool won 3–2 away.
He entered the game in the second half, but did not play to the end of the game, being substituted himself a minute before the end of the game.
Towards the end of the season, he scored twice in a 6–0 away win over already-relegated West Bromwich Albion in April 2003.
Baroš broke his ankle in a September 2003 match against Blackburn Rovers, a match which also saw teammate Jamie Carragher sustain a broken leg.
His first goal came in a league match against Leeds United in February 2004, while his other goal was in March in a 1–1 Champions League draw against Marseille.
Baroš would later claim that had manager Gérard Houllier stayed at the club after the summer of 2004, he would have put in a transfer request.
With Michael Owen and Emile Heskey having been sold and new signing Djibril Cissé out with a long-term injury, Baroš was now Liverpool's only senior striker.
Despite being the club's joint top scorer with 13 goals, including a hat-trick against Crystal Palace, Spaniard Fernando Morientes was preferred to Baroš in Liverpool's starting lineup for the League Cup Final, a match they lost to Chelsea.
However, he did start the 2005 Champions League Final, being substituted after 85 minutes as the game finished 3–3 in normal time.
Baroš also received his first red card during the campaign, being sent off for a high challenge on Everton's Alan Stubbs in the Merseyside derby on 20 March.
The player rejected the approach, but only made two substitute appearances for Liverpool in the 2005–06 season before leaving the club.
Just ten minutes into his Aston Villa debut, he scored the only goal in his new team's league victory over Blackburn.
With Villa trailing 3–1 at half time, Baroš scored shortly after the beginning of the second half and won a penalty, which Gareth Barry converted.
He also provided the cross for Barry's second goal of the game as Villa scored seven goals in the second half, resulting in a final score of 8–3, their biggest win in over 40 years.
He went on to score his second goal of the game, and Villa's fourth, earning him man of the match honours.
Baroš scored twice in January 2006's fourth round FA Cup win against Port Vale, and added another in the following round's 1–1 draw with Manchester City.
Late in the season, he scored two goals in the Second City derby against Birmingham City at Villa Park, marking his 11th and 12th goals of the season and winning another man of the match award.
Baroš failed to score at the start of the 2006–07 season, leading new manager Martin O'Neill to challenge him in October to prove himself before the January transfer window.
He subsequently scored his first goal of the season in December 2006, eight months since scoring his last one, with a close-range equaliser against Sheffield United in a 2–2 draw.
Although he also managed to score for Aston Villa in a 2–1 loss to Manchester United in the FA Cup, he left the club in January 2007, having scored just once in 17 league matches that season.
On 22 January 2007, Baroš signed with French side Lyon, signing a three-and-a-half year contract and reuniting with former manager Gérard Houllier from his time at Liverpool.
He played no further part in that season's Champions League campaign, as he remained on the bench in the return leg as Lyon were eliminated.
In May 2007, Baroš was accused of making a racist gesture towards his Cameroonian opponent Stéphane Mbia during Lyon's match against Rennes on 18 April.
After having been fouled by Mbia several times, Baroš held his nose in front of Mbia and waved his hand as if to waft away an unpleasant smell.
In the ensuing controversy, Baroš insisted that his gesture was not intended to be racist in any way, and he was only trying to tell Mbia to get out of his face and leave him alone.
Baroš and Mbia were brought before an official disciplinary hearing of the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP), which ruled that Baroš was innocent of racist behaviour, but he was nevertheless suspended for the remaining three games of the season for unsportsmanlike conduct.
However, he played significantly less under new manager Alain Perrin, making just six starts and scoring a total of three league goals.
Baroš joined Premier League side Portsmouth on loan from Lyon in January 2008 until the end of the season, with the option of making the move permanent at the end of the loan.
He won Portsmouth's match-winning penalty kick in the quarter-final at Manchester United and assisted Nwankwo Kanu's deciding goal in the semi final match against West Bromwich Albion with a suspected handball that went unnoticed by both the referee and his assistant.
The final match of Baroš' loan spell was the 2008 FA Cup Final victory over Cardiff City at Wembley Stadium, where he appeared as an 87th-minute substitute for Kanu.
By the end of the season, Baroš had played 16 matches for Portsmouth, including seven as a substitute, although he failed to score.
He was one of a number of Portsmouth players to be absent at the team parade after the club won the FA Cup, leading to speculation he could have played his last game for the club.
Three days later, in his first league start, he once again scored two goals against Kocaelispor, with Galatasaray going on to win the match 4–1.
On 21 December 2008, Baroš scored a hat-trick in the 4–2 Süper Lig derby win against Beşiktaş, converting two penalties and scoring one from open play.
Baroš scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season in his third league game when he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Kayserispor.
He scored a total of five times in ten matches before breaking his left foot in two places after a tackle by Emre Belözoğlu in the Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray derby on 25 October 2009.
He returned to action four and a half months later on 14 March 2010 for a game against Ankaragücü, scoring a goal on his comeback.
In August 2010, a week before the start of the 2010–11 Süper Lig, he extended his contract with Galatasaray for two seasons, keeping him contracted to the club until the end of the 2012–13 season.
Although he had been injured during pre-season training, Baroš appeared as a substitute in his club's UEFA Europa League qualification match against Karpaty Lviv, scoring twice as Galatasaray returned from 2–0 down to draw the match.
At the end of September, he scored his fourth hat-trick for the club against Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor, although he failed to complete the game due to an injury.
Baroš did not start a match for his club for four weeks, but scored an important goal against Samsunspor in the eighth match of the streak.
The club won a ninth-straight game, with Baroš scoring his seventh goal of the season, in the 5–1 win against Kardemir Karabükspor, although he left the game with an injury.
He returned from injury in a February match against Antalyaspor, coming on as a substitute, but was on the field of play just 15 minutes before receiving a red card.
Baroš scored his last goal for the club in April 2012 in the last match of the regular season against Manisaspor.
On 18 February 2013, Czech club Baník Ostrava announced that Baroš had rejoined the club where he started his career, signing a one-and-a-half-year contract.
Having not played a competitive match since 21 June of the previous year, he played his first match of the season on 23 February, coming on as a substitute in the 0–0 home draw with Dynamo České Budějovice.
He scored a hat-trick in Ostrava's 3–0 league victory against Hradec Králové on 9 March 2013, his first hat-trick in the top flight of Czech football.
He suffered damage to his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in December 2013, ruling him out of action for the rest of the season.
He took part in two other major tournaments at junior level: the 2000 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, at which the Czech Republic placed second, and the 2002 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, which the Czech Republic won.
Baroš made his first appearance for the senior national side on 25 April 2001 in a friendly match against Belgium, scoring on his debut.
Baroš and national teammate Pavel Nedvěd were both shown the red card in a November 2001 qualification match for the following year's World Cup, as the Czech Republic were eliminated by Belgium.
At UEFA Euro 2004, Baroš scored the first goal for the Czech Republic in their first game of the tournament, a come-from-behind 2–1 victory over Latvia.
His second goal of the tournament came against the Netherlands; the Dutch team had taken a two-goal lead over the Czechs before Jan Koller scored from a Baroš pass.
The third group match saw the Czech Republic make nine changes to their starting lineup, having already qualified for the quarter-finals.
Baroš appeared as a substitute and scored the winning goal, as opponents Germany failed to advance to the next stage of the tournament.
Baroš added two goals in two minutes of the second half of the Czechs' quarter-final win over Denmark, and finished as the tournament's Golden Boot winner with five goals.
In qualification for the 2006 World Cup, Baroš scored five goals for his country, including four in consecutive matches in 2005.
An injury to his foot, picked up in a match on 3 June, kept him out of 2006 FIFA World Cup games against the United States and Ghana.
He did appear in the Czechs' final group game against Italy, but appeared unfit and left the game after 64 minutes to be replaced by David Jarolím.
Despite neither playing in the match nor even being on the pitch, Baroš suffered the indignity of receiving a yellow card during stoppage time at the end of the match.
Baroš was banned indefinitely from playing for his national side in April 2009 after a breach of discipline, having attended a bar late at night.
On 12 August 2009, he marked his return to international duty with a goal from the penalty spot in the 3–1 home win against Belgium in a friendly match.
The following month, Baroš scored a career high of four goals against San Marino, in a World Cup qualifier which the Czech Republic won 7–0.
In doing so, he became only the second player from the Czech Republic to score four goals in an international match.
After the tournament, during which he failed to score, Baroš announced his retirement from international football, having scored a total of 41 international goals in 93 matches.
His total of 41 international goals for his country is second only to strike partner Jan Koller, who holds the record with 55.
It was released on 21 June 1999 in the United Kingdom by Freestyle Dust and Virgin Records and in the United States by Astralwerks.
The Jesus in question was a music fan called William Jellett who had adopted the divine moniker and was often seen dancing ecstatically at concerts across the UK from the 1960s to the 1990s, his miracles were to give dried fruit and nuts to strangers.
A special tour edition of the album was released in Australia and New Zealand, which contained a second disc of B-sides from the album.
It was not eligible for the UK charts because its release contained five songs instead of three, which is required for qualification.
Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; two or three minor calyces converge to form a major calyx, through which urine passes before continuing through the renal pelvis into the ureter.
Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureters to the bladder.
Come with Us is the fourth studio album by English electronic music duo The Chemical Brothers, released in January 2002 by record labels Virgin and Freestyle Dust in the UK and Astralwerks and Ultra in the US.
In the release's dawn, the duo had begun recording a new album, and the track had proved basis for the band's recording of the album.
Like that scratch segment in 'Afrika', those tiny segments where it sounds like a DJ cutting in, those sorts of things used to really excite us.
The duo also experimented with Emagic Logic Audio on this album, which proved successful in the album's production as it never crashed, unlike Steinberg Cubase, which the band had used previously.
It was re-released officially as the first single on 10 September 2001 and reached number 8 in the UK Singles Chart.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 72, based on 23 reviews.
The United Free Church of Scotland (UF Church; , ) is a Scottish Presbyterian denomination formed in 1900 by the union of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (or UP) and the majority of the 19th-century Free Church of Scotland.
The United Presbyterian Church was formed in 1847 by a union of the United Secession and Relief Churches, both of which had split from the Church of Scotland.
The two denominations united in 1900 to form the United Free Church (except for a small section of the Free Church who rejected the union and continued independently under the name of the Free Church).
They issued a summons, claiming that in altering the principles of the Free Church, the majority had ceased to be the Free Church of Scotland and therefore forfeited the right to its assets – which should belong to the remaining minority, who were the true 'Free Church'.
However, the case was lost in the Court of Session, where Lord Low (upheld by the second division) held that the Assembly of original Free Church had a right, within limits, to change its position.
An appeal to House of Lords, (not delivered until 1 August 1904 due to a judicial death), reversed the Court of Session's decision (by a majority of 5–2), and found the minority entitled to the assets of the Free Church.
It was held that, by adopting new standards of doctrine (and particularly by abandoning its commitment to 'the establishment principle' – which was held to be fundamental to the Free Church), the majority had violated the conditions on which the property of the Free Church was held.
The judgement had huge implications; seemingly it deprived the Free Church element of the UF Church of all assets—churches, manses, colleges, missions, and even provision for elderly clergy.
A conference, held in September 1904, between representatives of the UF and the (now distinct) Free Church, to come to some working arrangement, found that no basis for agreement could be found.
A convocation of the UF Church, held on 15 December, decided that the union should proceed, and resolved to pursue every lawful means to restore their assets.
They concluded, however, that the Free Church was in many respects unable to carry out the purposes of the trusts, which, under the ruling of the House of Lords, was a condition of their holding the property.
They recommended that an executive commission should be set up by act of parliament, in which the whole property of the Free Church, as at the date of the union, should be vested, and which should allocate it to the United Free Church, where the Free Church was unable to carry out the trust purposes.
The allocation of churches and manses was a slow business, but by 1908 over 100 churches had been assigned to the Free Church.
Some of the dispossessed UF Church congregations, most of them in the Highlands, found shelter for a time in the parish churches; but it was early decided that in spite of the objection against the erection of more church buildings in districts where many were now standing empty, 60 new churches and manses should at once be built at a cost of about £150,000.
In October 1906 the commission intimated that the Assembly Hall, and the New College Buildings, were to belong to the UF Church, while the Free Church received the offices in Edinburgh, and a tenement to be converted into a college, while the library was to be vested in the UF Church, but open to members of both.
After having held its Assembly in university class-rooms for two years, and in another hall in 1905, in 1906 the UF Church again occupied the historic buildings of the Free Church.
The missionaries of both churches joined the union, and the united Church was then equipped with missions in various parts of India, in Manchuria, in Africa (Lovedale, Livingstonia, etc.
It combined an acceptance of the findings of contemporary science, and the more moderate results of higher criticism with commitment to evangelism and missions.
British Prime Minister Bonar Law was raised in a Canadian Free Church manse and was a member of the United Free Church in Helensburgh.
As its early days were preoccupied with the aftermath of union, so its later days were with the coming union with the Church of Scotland.
The Very Rev William Paterson Paterson, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland made much progress during his period in office 1919/20.
The main hurdles were overcome by two parliamentary statutes, firstly the Church of Scotland Act 1921, which recognised the Church of Scotland's independence in spiritual matters (a right asserted by its Articles Declaratory of 1919).
These measures satisfied the majority of the UFC that the Church-state entanglement of the Church of Scotland, which had been the cause of the Disruption of 1843 had at last ended.
In 1929, the merger with the Church of Scotland largely reversed the Disruption of 1843 and reunited much of Scottish Presbyterianism.
On 2 October 1929, at an assembly at the Industrial Hall on Annandale Street off Leith Walk in Edinburgh, the two churches merged.
Voluntaryism led some to oppose the union (the United Free Church Association, led by James Barr – minister of Govan and Labour MP for Motherwell).
The phrase 'continuing' was used for five years to avoid confusion between the remaining United Free Church and the pre-union Church.
The church elected a woman as its moderator in 1960, when Elizabeth Barr became the first female moderator of a general assembly of a Scottish church.
The General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland meets annually, beginning on the Wednesday after the first Sunday in June, and lasting until the Friday.
The modern UFC is involved in the ecumenical movement in Scotland and is a member of Action of Churches Together in Scotland..
Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow or Zachau (14 November 1663, Leipzig – 7 August 1712, Halle) was a German musician and composer of vocal and keyboard music.
Zachow probably received his training from his father, the piper Heinrich Zachow, one of Leipzig's town musicians in the Alta capella, and maybe from Johann Schelle, a leading German composer, when the family moved to Eilenburg.
In 1695 he was criticized by the pietists because of his excessive long and elaborate music, that could be only appreciated by cantors and organists.
Zachow was influenced by Johann Theile in Merseburg and the poetry of Erdmann Neumeister, pastor in the nearby Weissenfels, and his criticism on pietism.
Zachow was the teacher of Gottfried Kirchhoff, Johann Philipp Krieger and Johann Gotthilf Ziegler, but is best remembered as George Frideric Handel's first music teacher.
Zachow's teaching was so effective, that in 1702 at the age of seventeen, Handel accepted a position as organist at the former Dom in Halle.
It is said that after Zachow died in 1712, Handel became a benefactor to his widow and children in gratitude for his teacher's instruction.
It was formed in 1847 by the union of the United Secession Church and the Relief Church, and in 1900 merged with the Free Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland, which in turn united with the Church of Scotland in 1929.
For most of its existence the United Presbyterian Church was the third largest Presbyterian Church in Scotland, and stood on the liberal wing of Scots Presbyterianism.
The Presbytery of Relief was constituted in 1761 by three ministers of the Church of Scotland, one of whom was Thomas Gillespie, who had been deposed by the assembly in 1752 for refusing to take part in the intrusion of unacceptable ministers.
The number of congregations under its charge increased with considerable rapidity, and a Relief Synod was formed in 1773, which in 1847 had under its jurisdiction 136 congregations.
The Relief Church issued no distinctive testimonies, and a certain breadth of view was shown in the formal declaration of their terms of communion, first made in 1773, which allowed occasional communion with those of the Episcopal and Independent persuasion.
In 1847 a union formed between all the congregations of the United Secession Church and 118 out of 136 of the Relief Churches, in what then became the United Presbyterian Church.
It was the first Presbyterian body to relax the stringency of subscription, the Church Synod passing a declaratory act on the subject in 1879.
On such points as that of the six days' creation, it was made clear that freedom was allowed; but when Mr David Macrae of Gourock claimed that it should also be allowed on the question of eternal punishment, he was at once declared to be no longer a minister of the church.
He left behind him many who sympathized with his position, and in the remaining part of the 19th century the United Presbyterian Church came fully to share the forward movement of thought of the other Scottish churches.
Doctrinally, little distinguished the United Presbyterian Church and the Free Church of Scotland, and between 1863 and 1873 negotiations took place on a union, which however proved fruitless.
But in 1896 the United Presbyterian Church again made advances, which were promptly met, and on 31 October 1900 the United Free Church of Scotland came into existence.
The United Presbyterian Church constructed a number of notable buildings, the largest of which often used a neoclassical design with a portico.
A particularly fine example is Wellington Church, near the University of Glasgow, which was built in 1883-4 by the architect Thomas Lennox Watson.
This preference for neoclassical architecture contrasts strongly with the prevailing mid-Victorian taste for Gothic Revival in most of the other Scottish churches.
Of the three only St. Vincent Street survives intact, Caledonia Road being an empty shell and Queen's Park destroyed by World War II bombing.
His architectural style was often eclectic; it cannot be described as truly neoclassical (he never managed to visit Greece), but he frequently used Egyptian and other Middle Eastern motifs.
His interior designs and colour schemes for churches were strongly influenced by Biblical descriptions of King Solomon's Temple, for example the reference to pomegranates in 2 Chronicles 4:13 and the furnishings mentioned in 1 Kings 6:15-36.
John Tupper (Jack) Saywell (April 3, 1929 – 20 April 2011) was a Canadian historian specializing in the fields of politics and constitution.
Born in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, John Tupper Saywell was born on April 3, 1929, to parents John Ferdinand Tupper Saywell and Vera Marguerite Saywell.
He also interpreted Canadian, British and European history for thousands of high-school students across Ontario through close to a dozen textbooks with his friend John Ricker.
The John T. Saywell Prize for Canadian Legal History was endowed by his family and friends and is given bi-annually by the Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History to the best new book in Canadian legal history.
He was Director of the Graduate Program in History at York from 1987 to 1998; its Ph.D. graduates can be found in most major Canadian universities.
The MVP recognition lasts for a year and is awarded for a person's Microsoft related activity, contributions and influence over the previous year.
A posting from Tamar Granor on the Universal Thread web site gives this account of the origin of the MVP program.
However, the largest key indicator Microsoft looks for when considering someone for the Microsoft MVP Award is how much impact their activities over the last 12 months have on the community.
This may have been in response to a recent suit against AOL by its newsgroup leaders, who felt that they deserved to be paid for the time they put in online.
After an outpouring of online support to the MVP program, including many emails sent directly to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, Microsoft announced three days later that the cancellation had been rescinded.
The program stayed in support, but additional investments were made - one of the original CompuServe engineers was brought in for a new position as Director of Community, reinvigorating the MVP program with a dedicated project coordinator, site resources and support engineers.
The program became far more successful through these efforts, expanding its global footprint and receiving coverage with more than 100 independent press articles, eventually landing as one of Microsoft's Board of Director's 7 Big Bets for 2007.
With the introduction of a site dedicated to MVPs, it is now easier to locate an MVP from a specific country and from a specific area of expertise.
The forum site deals with almost all products and hence users can expect MVPs from almost all areas of expertise there.
Windows Community is a Microsoft featured community that deals primarily with assistance and information on Microsoft Windows Operating System and related applications plus news.
The site, however, lacks a list of MVP awardees that can make it easier for people to locate area and location specific Microsoft experts.
This site was for the use of any individual granted MVP status by Microsoft, and provided a platform for continuing their MVP work through technical sites in a variety of Microsoft applications and technologies.
The listing of MVP web sites, the hosting of those sites, and MVPS.org email addresses were provided to MVPs strictly upon request by MVPs to the MVPs.org admins after their profile has been published by the Microsoft MVP program.
The names on MVPS.org represents only a small subsection of MVP awardees since 1995, and is not intended to be a definitive listing of current and past award recipients.
Zero population growth, sometimes abbreviated ZPG (also called the replacement level of fertility), is a condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a specified population neither grows nor declines, considered as a social aim by some.
According to some, zero population growth, perhaps after stabilizing at some optimum population, is the ideal towards which countries and the whole world should aspire in the interests of accomplishing long-term environmental sustainability.
What it means by ‘the number of people neither grows nor declines’ is that births plus in-migrants equal deaths plus out-migrants.
A loosely defined goal of ZPG is to match the replacement fertility rate, which is the average number of children per woman which would hold the population constant.
This replacement fertility will depend on mortality rates and the sex ratio at birth, and varies from around 2.1 in developed countries to over 3.0 in some developing countries.
The American sociologist and demographer Kingsley Davis is credited with coining the term but it was used earlier by George Stolnitz, who stated that the concept of a stationary population dated back to 1693.
In the late 1960s ZPG became a prominent political movement in the U.S. and parts of Europe, with strong links to environmentalism and feminism.
In the long term, zero population growth can be achieved when the birth rate of a population equals the death rate, i.e.
This analysis is valid for the planet as a whole (assuming that interplanetary travel remains at zero or negligible levels), but not necessarily for a region or country as it ignores migration.
As it is younger people who have children, there is large time lag between the point at which the fertility rate (mean total number of children each woman has during her childbearing years) falls to the replacement level (the fertility rate which would result in equal birth and death rates for a population at equilibrium) and the point at which the population stops rising.
The reason for this is that even though the fertility rate has dropped to replacement level, people already continue to live for some time within a population.
The related calculations are complex because the population's overall death rate can vary over time, and mortality also varies with age (being highest among the old).
In addition, if a country's fertility is at replacement level, and has been that way for at least several decades (to stabilize its age distribution), then that country's population could still experience coincident growth due to continuously increasing life expectancy, even though the population growth is likely to be smaller than it would be from natural population increase.
Zero population growth is often a goal of demographic planners and environmentalists who believe that reducing population growth is essential for the health of the ecosystem.
Preserving cultural traditions and ethnic diversity is a factor for not allowing human populations levels or rates to fall too low.
Achieving ZPG is difficult because a country's population growth is often determined by economic factors, incidence of poverty, natural disasters, disease, etc.
However, even if there is zero population growth, there may be changes in demographics of great importance to economic factors, such as changes in age distribution.
Biologist Alan D. Thornhill and Author Daniel Quinn argue that human population growth is a function of the human food supply and that human population growth can only be achieved by an expanded food supply to support the growing population.
However, many demographers also credit China's family planning policy, which was formulated in the early 1970s, encourages late marriages, late childbearing, and the use of contraceptives, and since 1980 has limited most urban couples to one child and most rural couples to two children.
It was said, in 2009, that the Chinese government was hoping to see zero population growth in the future but, in November 2013, a relaxation of the one-child policy was announced amid unpopularity, reduced labour pool and support for an ageing population.
The body is mandated with determining the boundaries of the country's constituent Federal Member States, as well as arbitrating between these regional states on their respective jurisdiction.
Meet and greets are often held in different cities, which gives a fan the opportunity to meet the artist for free.
Ticket prices range depending on the location, some artists have VIP passes, allowing the fan to have access to the stage and to meet them after the show.
Underground artists with critically acclaimed albums include Atmosphere, Binary Star, Blu, Cannibal Ox, Company Flow, Del the Funky Homosapien, Freestyle Fellowship, Hieroglyphics, Juggaknots, Jurassic 5, Kool Keith, Little Brother, MF DOOM, Non Phixion, Planet Asia, RJD2, MC TP, and Ammar Kazi among many others.
Additionally, many underground hip hop artists have been applauded for the artistic and poetic use of their lyrics, such as Aesop Rock, Aceyalone, Busdriver, Cage, CunninLynguists, Dessa, Doomtree, El-P, Eyedea & Abilities, Itslordjoshua, Illogic, Onry Ozzborn, MF DOOM, Rob Sonic, Sage Francis, Shad and Sleep, among others.
It featured rappers such as The Notorious B.I.G., Big L, Jay-Z, and Eminem, as well as groups like Wu-Tang Clan, Mobb Deep, and Fugees, all before they gained any popularity.
Rev Adam Gib (15 April 1714 – 14 June 1788) was a Scottish religious leader, head of the Antiburgher section of the Scottish Secession Church.
He studied literature and theology at the University of Edinburgh and at Perth, and was licensed as a preacher in 1740.
His eldest brother being a prodigal son, Adam succeeded to the paternal estate, but burned the will when his brother promised to reform.
In 1745 he was almost the only Edinburgh minister who continued to preach against rebellion while the troops of Bonnie Prince Charlie were occupying the town.
When, in 1747, the Associate Synod, by a narrow majority, decided not to give full immediate effect to a judgment which had been passed in the previous year against the lawfulness of the Burgess Oath, Gib led the protesting minority, who broke off and formed the Antiburgher Synod (10 April) in his own house in Edinburgh.
It was chiefly through Gib's influence that the Antiburghers decided, at subsequent meetings, to summon to the bar their Burgher brethren, and to depose and excommunicate them for contumacy.
Gib's action in forming the Antiburgher Synod led, after prolonged litigation, to his exclusion from the building in Bristo Street where his congregation had met.
In 1765 he made his response to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which had stigmatized the Secession as threatening the peace of the country.
From 1753 till within a short period of his death, he preached regularly in Nicolson Street Church, which was constantly filled with an audience of two thousand persons.
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanization of Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages.
It is based on a scheme that emerged during the nineteenth century from suggestions by Charles Trevelyan, William Jones, Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva Oriental Congress, in September 1894.
IAST makes it possible for the reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script.
By contrast, the ISO 15919 standard for transliterating Indic scripts emerged in 2001 from the standards and library worlds; it includes solutions to problems such as representing Old Indo-Aryan and New Indo-Aryan languages side by side in library catalogues, etc.
For the most part, ISO 15919 follows the IAST scheme, departing from it only in minor ways (e.g., ṃ/ṁ and ṛ/r̥)—see comparison below.
The highlighted letters are those modified with diacritics: long vowels are marked with an overline, vocalic (syllabic) consonants and retroflexes have an underdot.
For the most part, IAST is a subset of ISO 15919 that merges: the retroflex (underdotted) liquids with the vocalic ones (ringed below); and the short close-mid vowels with the long ones.
The following seven exceptions are from the ISO standard accommodating an extended repertoire of symbols to allow transliteration of Devanāgarī and other Indic scripts, as used for languages other than Sanskrit.
Linux Modern Linux systems allow one to set up custom keyboard layouts and switch them by clicking a flag icon in the menu bar.
This Pali keyboard installer made by Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) supports IAST (works on Microsoft Windows up to at least version 10).
Microsoft Windows has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting then type codice_1 then hit ) since version NT 4.0 – appearing in the consumer edition since XP.
It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs.
Users of SCIM on Linux based platforms can also have the opportunity to install and use the sa-itrans-iast input handler which provides complete support for the ISO 15919 standard for the romanization of Indic languages as part of the m17n library.
Only certain fonts support all the Latin Unicode characters essential for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to the ISO 15919 standard.
The majority of other text fonts commonly used for book production are defective in their support for one or more characters from this block.
Accordingly, many academics working in the area of Sanskrit studies now make use of free and open-source software like LibreOffice, instead of Microsoft Word, in conjunction with free OpenType fonts like FreeSerif or Gentium, both of which have complete support for the full repertoire of conjoined diacritics in the IAST character set.
Released under the GNU FreeFont or SIL Open Font License, respectively, such fonts may be freely shared and do not require the person reading or editing a document to purchase proprietary software to make use of its associated fonts.
It attained hurricane status south of Jamaica on November 15 and passed south of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico over the next few days.
Lenny rapidly intensified over the northeastern Caribbean on November 17, attaining peak winds of about south of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.
On November 13, the system became better organized; a Hurricane Hunters flight later that day discovered a surface circulation and winds of about .
After its formation, the depression gradually became better organized; the NHC upgraded it to Tropical Storm Lenny on November 14, based on reports from the Hurricane Hunters.
The Hurricane Hunters reported winds of , which indicated that Lenny had become a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
However, the cloud pattern subsequently became less organized as the eye disappeared, and Lenny's winds weakened to while the hurricane passed south of Hispaniola.
At the time, a ridge was expected to build to Lenny's east and turn the storm northeastward into Puerto Rico 24 hours later.
Beginning on November 16, Hurricane Lenny underwent a 24-hour period of rapid deepening, reaching major hurricane status about south of the Mona Passage.
It developed well-defined banding features, good outflow, and a circular eye that was visible from the radar in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Around 1200 UTC on November 17, Lenny intensified into a Category 4 hurricane while approaching the islands of the northeastern Caribbean.
It was the fifth storm of such intensity in the year, setting the record for most Category 4 hurricanes in a season.
Shortly thereafter, Lenny attained peak winds of while passing south of the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.
Hurricane Hunters reported Lenny's peak winds in the southeastern portion of the hurricane; the group also reported a minimum pressure of 933 mbar, a drop of 34 mbar in 24 hours.
In addition, a dropsonde recorded winds of while descending to the surface, the highest dropsonde wind speed recording in a hurricane at the time.
Despite favorable conditions for strengthening, the hurricane weakened as it turned to an eastward drift, possibly due to the upwelling of cooler waters.
Late on November 19, Lenny weakened to tropical storm intensity after increased wind shear exposed the cyclone's center from the deepest convection.
Lenny turned to the east for the final time early on November 22, dissipating on the next day about east of the Lesser Antilles.
Later, a hurricane watch was issued for the southern coast of Hispaniola, and a tropical storm warning was also issued for the Dominican Republic.
Haitian officials declared a state of alert in three southern provinces and allocated about $1 million (1999 USD) in hurricane funds.
A hurricane watch was issued for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands late on November 15, which was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later.
After Lenny made its closest approach to the island, the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning on November 17, which was discontinued the following day along with the advisories in the Virgin Islands.
In Puerto Rico, the media maintained continuous coverage on the hurricane based on statements and warnings from the San Juan National Weather Service office.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated six medical assistance teams, three medical support teams, and two advance medical assessment units.
Schools closed ahead of the storm, and the ferry between the island and Saint Martin was halted and moved to a safe location.
Most of the islands' tourism areas were on western-facing beaches, many of which were unprepared for the high waves and winds produced by Lenny.
Early in its existence, Lenny produced large waves and high tides along the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia, sinking two boats and flooding 1,200 houses.
Flooding around Les Cayes in southwestern Haiti destroyed 60 percent of the rice, corn, and banana plantations, while high waves wrecked several houses in Cavaellon.
Rainfall in the days prior to Lenny's approach left areas susceptible to flooding, which caused many rivers in the northeastern portion of the island to overflow their banks following the storm.
Because of the heavy rainfall, about 200 farmers in southeastern Puerto Rico sustained about $19 million in crop damage (1999 USD).
After passing southeast of Puerto Rico, Hurricane Lenny struck St. Croix in the United States Virgin Islands, although its strongest winds remained southeast of the island.
In Frederiksted, the hurricane produced a storm surge of along with high waves that washed out roads and damaged coastal structures.
There was also severe beach erosion in western St. Croix; high waves dumped of sand onto coastal roads about inland, and also washed several boats ashore.
In Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the hurricane left about $330 million in damage (1999 USD), but caused no deaths.
Property damage in the British Virgin Islands totaled $5.6 million (1999 USD); however, the damage combined with the loss of tourism and productivity yielded a loss of $22 million to the islands' economy, or 3.1 percent of the gross domestic product.
Saint Barthélemy and the SSS Islands, which include Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Saint Martin, were in the path of Hurricane Lenny on November 18 through 19.
The highest precipitation related to the storm occurred at the police station on the French side of Saint Martin, where a total of was recorded.
Sustained winds on the island peaked at at the Princess Juliana International Airport; these were the highest sustained winds observed on land.
Due to the hurricane's unusual track from the west, it produced unparalleled waves of along the western coast of St. Martin, which damaged or destroyed many boats.
During its passage, Lenny left widespread damage to the infrastructure, including to the airport, harbor, resorts, power utilities, schools, and hospitals.
While passing over Antigua, Hurricane Lenny dropped of rain at the V. C. Bird International Airport, while locations in the southern portion recorded over .
On Grande-Terre, the eastern island of Guadeloupe, the hurricane produced a significant wave height of , with estimates as high as .
Hotels along the island's west coast sustained heavy damage, and across the nation the hurricane's impact was worse than that from Hurricane Luis four years prior.
In Saint John Parish, the storm knocked out the water and power supply and forced several families to evacuate their damaged houses.
At least 10 homes were destroyed in the country, and damage totaled $94.6 million; this represented 27 percent of the island's gross domestic product.
This allocated federal funding for loans to public and private entities and provided 75 percent of the cost of debris removal.
The United States Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance provided $185,000, mostly directed toward the United Nations Development Programme, for aid to other islands in the eastern Caribbean.
Other agencies, including the Caribbean Development Bank, the United Kingdom's Department for International Development, and the European Union, provided $1.1 million in assistance.
In response to the damage on Saint Martin, officials in the Netherlands Antilles issued an appeal to the European Parliament for assistance from the international community.
Due to their small population and area, the small islands of the eastern Caribbean required international funding to repair the damage from the hurricane and return to normal.
However, 20,000 people in Antigua remained without water for a week after the hurricane, and the stagnant water caused an increase in mosquitoes.
With a loan from the Caribbean Development Bank, the government worked to complete a sea wall along a highway south of its capital Roseau.
In Grenada, workers repaired the road system to allow fuel transportation across the island and began to reclaim land near its airport to mitigate erosion.
Due to its effects, the name Lenny was retired by the World Meteorological Organization and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane.
Ryder became known in the 1970s as a member of the Oxford Group, a group of intellectuals loosely centred on the University of Oxford who began to speak out against animal use, in particular factory farming and animal research.
He was working at the time as a clinical psychologist at the Warneford Hospital in Oxford, and had himself been involved in animal research in the United Kingdom and United States.
In 1977 he became chairman of the RSPCA Council, serving until 1979, and helped to organize the first academic animal rights conference, held in August 1977 at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Jack Dudley Ryder was the great-grandson of the Honourable Granville Ryder (1799–1879), second son of Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby (1762–1847).
He obtained his bachelor's degree in experimental psychology from the University of Cambridge (1960–1963), followed by a period of research into animal behaviour at Columbia University, and a diploma in clinical psychology from the University of Edinburgh.
He was interviewed several times on the radio, and in December 1970 took part in a televised debate in Scotland on animal rights with Brophy.
Paul Waldau writes that Ryder used the term in the pamphlet to address experiments on animals that he regarded as illogical, and which, he argued, a fully informed moral agent would challenge.
Ryder was also addressing the general attitude that excluded all nonhumans from the protections offered to humans, now known as the anti-speciesism critique.
Waldau writes that this original definition of the term – in effect, human-speciesism – has been extended by others to refer to the assignment of value to any being on the basis of species membership alone, so that, for example, prioritising the value of chimpanzees over other animals (human-chimpanzee speciesism) might be seen as similarly illogical.
He wrote in the essay that animal researchers seek to have it both ways: they defend the scientific validity of animal experiments on the grounds of the similarity between humans and nonhumans, while defending the morality of it on the grounds of the differences.
Racists violate the principle of equality by giving greater weight to the interests of members of their own race when there is a clash between their interests and the interests of those of another race.
Their aim was to change the direction of the RSPCA from an organisation that dealt mostly with companion animals into one that would oppose what the reformers saw as the key issues: factory farming, animal research, hunting, and bloodsports.
They sought to secure the election of reformers – including Ryder and Andrew Linzey, the Oxford theologian – to the RSPCA's ruling council.
As a result, Ryder was elected to the council in 1971, became its vice-chairman in 1976, then chairman from 1977 to 1979.
He argues that painism can be seen as a third way between Peter Singer's utilitarian position and Tom Regan's deontological rights view.
It combines the utilitarian view that moral status comes from the ability to feel pain with the rights-view prohibition on using others as a means to an end.
He has also criticised the utilitarian idea that exploitation of others can be justified if there is an overall gain in pleasure.
Ryder is a supporter of VERO (Voice for Ethical Research at Oxford), a group of Oxford members and graduates formed in 2006 to protest the construction by the university of a new animal laboratory, the Biomedical Sciences Building, completed in 2008.
The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society.
His mother Laure Meyer, who was Jewish, died when he was young and he was brought up by his aunt and father, Henry Marcel.
During the First World War he worked as head of the Information Service, organized by the Red Cross to convey news of injured soldiers to their families.
He taught in secondary schools, was a drama critic for various literary journals, and worked as an editor for Plon, the major French Catholic publisher.
Roger Moirans, the central character of the play, is a politician, a conservative who is dedicated to defending the rights of Catholicism against free thought.
He has set himself up as the champion of traditional monarchy and has just achieved a great success in the city council where he has attacked the secularism of public schools.
It is natural enough that he should be opposed to the divorce of his daughter Therese, who wants to leave her unfaithful husband and start her life afresh.
In this instance he proves himself virtually heartless; all his tenderness goes out to his second daughter, Clarisse, whom he takes to be spiritually very much like himself.
Moirans is horrified by the idea that this creature, so lovely, intelligent, and full of life, might go and bury herself in a convent and he decides to do his utmost to make her give up her intention... Clarisse is deeply shocked; her father now appears to her as an impostor, virtually as a deliberate fraud...
In this case, Moirans is unable to treat either of his daughters as a subject, instead rejecting both because each does not conform to her objectified image in his mind.
Another related major thread in Marcel was the struggle to protect one's subjectivity from annihilation by modern materialism and a technologically driven society.
For many years, Marcel hosted a weekly philosophy discussion group through which he met and influenced important younger French philosophers like Jean Wahl, Paul Ricœur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean-Paul Sartre.
Marcel was puzzled and disappointed that his reputation was almost entirely based on his philosophical treatises and not on his plays, which he wrote in the hope of appealing to a wider lay audience.
Maturín () is a city in Venezuela, the capital of the Venezuelan state of Monagas and a centre for instrumental exploration and development of the petroleum industry in Venezuela.
Maturín is also a busy regional transportation hub, connecting routes from the northeastern coast to the Orinoco Delta and the Gran Sabana.
December 7, 1760 is the official date of the foundation of Maturín (according to the Venezuelan Academy of History) by the Franciscan missionary Lucas de Zaragoza.
However, the Jesuit priest Pablo Ojer found in the Archivo General de Indias a document which proves a previous foundation of the city in 1722.
San Juan de la Tornera de Maturín had the category of city for Spaniards, but it did not survive very long because of the lack of population and little economical resources.
Maturín was named after an Indian chief (el Indio Maturín) who lived with his tribe next to the bank of Guarapiche River.
The Indian chief was murdered by a supposed Spanish captain named Arrioja during a battle of the Indians against Spaniards in the actual location of the town in 1718.
They based their opinions on the legend of a supposed French missionary who had explored this area at the end of the 17th century.
The legend says that the missionary (whose surname might have been Mathurin) baptized a young Indian and gave him the name Mathurin.
Maturín (as a part of the Province of Cumaná) was on the republican side during the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence on July 5, 1811.
In this battle the Venezuelan patriots, led by Manuel Piar, obtained a great victory against the Spanish general Juan Domingo de Monteverde.
Antonio José de Sucre, José Francisco Bermúdez, José Tadeo Monagas, José Gregorio Monagas and José Félix Ribas were others who fought in the five battles.
Persons, who had escaped from Caracas during the military campaign of José Tomás Boves against the republic, came to Maturín to shelter from the Spanish troops.
The causes of this lack of population were civil wars (which destroyed the former farming and livestock richness of the region and killed many people) and fatal diseases, such as malaria and yellow fever, which were caused by mosquitoes.
In the 20th century Maturín had rapid demographic growth thanks to the discovery of petroleum fields near the town and a health campaign carried out by doctors to eliminate mosquitoes.
The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of seven councillors, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws.
Maturín is one of the most important cities in the east of the country as its strategic position serves as a bridge to the other states of the region.
The city had grown during the last few years mainly because of the increase of the oil industry in the state.
The anterior grey column, also known as the anterior horn of spinal cord, comprises three different types of neurons: large alpha motor neurons, medium gamma motor neurons, and small neurons thought to be interneurons.
The posterior grey column, also known as the posterior (or dorsal) horn of spinal cord, is divided into several laminae, based on the type of sensory information sent to each section.
Laminae I and II are sent information from afferent neurons that sense nociception, temperature, and itching, laminae III and IV are sent information from neurons that sense mechanical pressure, and laminae V and VI are sent information from proprioceptors.
Laminae I and II are important in nociception, laminae III and IV are not involved nociception, and lamina V is involved in both nociception and non-nociception.
The main areas these neurons innervate are the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the lateral parabrachial area (LPb), the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), and certain regions in the thalamus.
The excitatory interneurons release glutamate as their main neurotransmitter and the inhibitory interneurons use GABA and/or glycine as their main neurotransmitter.
This lamina is also known as the neck of the posterior column and receives information from mechanoreceptors and danger information from nociceptors.
The lateral grey column, or the lateral horn of spinal cord, is part of the sympathetic nervous system and receives input from brain stem, organs, and hypothalamus.
The number of large alpha motor neurons and medium gamma motor neurons was greatly reduced and the number of small neurons was either slightly or greatly reduced depending on the type of ALS.
A large loss of large alpha motor neurons, medium gamma motor neurons, and small neurons was recorded in cases of muscular atrophy.
The posterior column has a prominent role in the pain system, it is the first central relay in the nociceptive pathway.
The axon of the second order neuron, if it is a projection neuron and not an interneuron, then goes to the third order neuron in the thalamus.
Among these there are A beta fibers which are faster and carry information about non-painful touch and A delta fibers which are slower and thinner than the A beta fibers.
C fibers that carry nociceptive signals can be divided into two types: fibers that contain neuropeptides, like substance P, and fibers that do not contain neuropeptides.
Non-peptidergic C fibers are linked to the skin, where they innervate the epidermis while peptidergic C fibers innervate other tissues and deeper parts of the skin.
He attended public schools in Bayside, New York and Waterbury, Connecticut, studied at the University of Virginia, and was active in the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
Demonstrations in St. Augustine in 1963 and 1964 led by Dr.Robert Hayling and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. resulted in the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, one of the two great legislative accomplishments of the movement.
ACCORD has launched a permanently marked Freedom Trail of historic sites of the civil rights movement that has gained international publicity.
On July 2, 2009, the 45th anniversary of the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, he received the President's Volunteer Service Award from Barack Obama.
In the May 2003 elections Kun stood for the Parliament of Nauru, and was duly was elected to represent the Ubenide constituency.
He was Justice Minister in the Ludwig Scotty government from June to August 2003 and returned to that post under René Harris in February 2004.
He lost the post again, however, in June 2004 when Scotty became President again and appointed David Adeang to the post.
He lost his seat in Parliament in the October 2004 elections because of the State of Emergency and was out of job in Nauru.
From 17 July 2005, he subsequently worked in the Public Defender's office in Majuro, Marshall Islands, along with Lionel Aingimea, the former legal officer of Nauru.
They have two children Lynette Eimon Kun, born on 8 May 1991, in Auckland, and Russell Jr Kun, born on 25 November 1994, in Wellington.
He is now living with his partner, Roselinda deBrum, of Likiep, Marshall Islands and they have one child in Selinda Litia Kun, born on 10 September 2006, in Majuro, Marshall Islands.
, more commonly known as simply Metal Slug, is a run and gun video game developed and originally released by Nazca Corporation and later published by SNK.
The player does not die simply by coming into contact with enemies, and correspondingly, many of the enemy troops also have melee attacks.
Much of the game's scenery is also destructible, and occasionally, this reveals extra items or power-ups, although most of the time it simply results in collateral damage.
During the course of a level, the player also encounters POWs, who, if freed, offer the player bonuses in the form of random items or weapons.
There are a total of six levels, in locations such as forests, garrisoned cities, snowy mountain valleys, canyons, and military bases.
Much of the game's humor comes from how the enemies are depicted; the player often encounters them as they are sunbathing, roasting food over a fire, or simply conversing amongst themselves.
They also tend to scream loudly if they see the player, and often try to either run away or fight back.
Marco Rossi and Lt. Tarma Roving of the Peregrine Falcon Strike Force are sent to locate and eliminate his powerbase, as well as reclaim or destroy any Metal Slugs they can find so as to keep the technology out of Morden's hands.
After battling their way through hordes of Morden's soldiers, the duo eventually face off against Morden himself, in a heavily armored helicopter.
As the credits roll, the plane flies across the various levels of the game, from the destroyed Metal Slugs on the forest and the city where a woman grieves for her slain lover who is a Rebel Army member before disappearing into outer space.
If the game is completed using 2 players, the epilogue changes to show the rebel soldiers dancing around the various levels to a very upbeat tune.
This time, the paper plane is caught by a wounded but still alive Morden, who unfolds it before looking up to the starry sky.
In order to retain all the animations of the arcade version, the Saturn version uses newer compression techniques, inter-level loading, and the 1 MB RAM expansion cartridge.
The games are emulated versions of the originals, with none of the additional game modes or content introduced in the other home versions.
Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London.
Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807.
Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805.
Delta waves, like other brain waves, are recorded with an electroencephalogram (EEG) and are usually associated with the deep stage 3 of NREM sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), and aid in characterizing the depth of sleep.
Delta waves were originally defined as having a frequency between 1 and 4 Hz, although more recent classifications put the boundaries at between 0.5 and 2 Hz.
They are the slowest and highest amplitude classically described brainwaves, although recent studies have described slower (<0.1 Hz) oscillations Delta waves begin to appear in stage 3 sleep, but by stage 4 nearly all spectral activity is dominated by delta waves.
Stage 3 sleep is defined as having less than 50% delta wave activity, while stage 4 sleep has more than 50% delta wave activity.
Delta waves have also been classified according to the location of the activity into frontal (FIRDA), temporal (TIRDA), and occipital (OIRDA) intermittent delta activity.
This discrepancy does not become apparent until early adulthood (in the 30s or 40s, in humans), with males showing greater age-related reductions in delta wave activity than females.
In the cortex, the suprachiasmatic nuclei have been shown to regulate delta waves, as lesions to this area have been shown to cause disruptions in delta wave activity.
Infants have been shown to spend a great deal of time in slow-wave sleep, and thus have more delta wave activity.
Analysis of the waking EEG of a newborn infant indicates that delta wave activity is predominant in that age, and still appears in a waking EEG of five-year-olds.
Delta wave activity during slow-wave sleep declines during adolescence, with a drop of around 25% reported between the ages of 11 and 14 years.
In addition to a decrease in the incidence of delta waves during slow-wave sleep in the elderly, the incidence of temporal delta wave activity is commonly seen in older adults, and incidences also increase with age.
Regional delta wave activity not associated with NREM sleep was first described by W. Grey Walter, who studied cerebral hemisphere tumors.
In some cases there may be increases or decreases in delta wave activity, while others may manifest as disruptions in delta wave activity, such as alpha waves presenting in the EEG spectrum.
Delta wave disruptions may present as a result of physiological damage, changes in nutrient metabolism, chemical alteration, or may also be idiopathic.
Disruptions in delta activity is seen in adults during states of intoxication or delirium and in those diagnosed with various neurological disorders such as dementia or schizophrenia.
Temporal low-voltage irregular delta wave activity has been commonly detected in patients with ischemic brain diseases, particularly in association with small ischemic lesions and is seen to be indicative of early-stage cerebrovascular damage.
Sleep walkers have also been shown to have more hypersynchronous delta activity (HSD) compared to total time spent in stages 2, 3, and 4 sleep relative to healthy controls.
Total sleep deprivation has been shown to increase delta wave activity during sleep recovery, and has also been shown to increase hypersynchronous delta activity.
Sleep disturbances, as well as dementia, are common features of Parkinson's disease, and patients with this disease show disrupted brain wave activity.
People suffering schizophrenia have shown disrupted EEG patterns, and there is a close association of reduced delta waves during deep sleep and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
During slow wave sleep (stages 3 and 4), schizophrenics have been shown to have reduced delta wave activity, although delta waves have also been shown to be increased during waking hours in more severe forms of schizophrenia.
A recent study has shown that the right frontal and central delta wave dominance, seen in healthy individuals, is absent in patients with schizophrenia.
Disruptions in slow wave (delta) sleep have been shown to increase risk for development of Type II diabetes, potentially due to disruptions in the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary.
Low-voltage irregular delta waves, have also been found in the left temporal lobe of diabetic patients, at a rate of 56% (compared to 14% in healthy controls).
showed that the delta wave activity of these patients in stages 3 and 4 sleep were often interrupted by alpha waves.
Alcoholism has been shown to produce sleep with less slow wave sleep and less delta power, while increasing stage 1 and REM incidence in both men and women.
In long-term alcohol abuse, the influences of alcohol on sleep architecture and reductions in delta activity have been shown to persist even after long periods of abstinence.
W. Grey Walter was the first person to use delta waves from an EEG to locate brain tumors and lesions causing temporal lobe epilepsy.
Neurofeedback has been suggested as a treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy, and theoretically acts to reduce inappropriate delta wave intrusion, although there has been limited clinical research in this area.
Initially, dreaming was thought to only occur in rapid eye movement sleep, though it is now known that dreaming may also occur during slow-wave sleep.
In Advaita Vedanta, deep dreamless sleep coexists with wakefulness and dreaming in turiya, considered the background of the higher state of consciousness.
While most drugs that affect sleep do so by stimulating sleep onset, or disrupting REM sleep, a number of chemicals and drugs have been shown to alter delta wave activity.
Diets very low in carbohydrates, such as a ketogenic diet, have been shown to increase the amount of delta activity and slow wave sleep in healthy individuals.
Marcel Chaput (October 14, 1918 - January 19, 1991) was a scientist and a militant for the independence of Quebec from Canada.
Along with some 20 other people including André D'Allemagne and Jacques Bellemare, he was a founding member of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN).
He considered that he and the other pioneers of the contemporary movement for the independence of Quebec did nothing but update an idea that goes back to the British conquest of French Canada in 1760.
He had been working at the Eddy paper manufacture since May 1939 when the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada granted him a job interview in the month of December of the same year.
He was hired as chemistry laboratory aid to doctor Richard Helmuth Fred Manske for a salary of $70 CAD per month.
On September 15, 1945, he married Madeleine Dompierre, daughter of Odias Dompierre and Marie-Méa Marquis, at the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Catholic Church in Hull.
After suffering from pleurisy, the doctor ordered his wife to leave the overheated rooms where the Chaput family was living and take some rest.
Madeleine packed her things and returned to Marcel's parents in Hull, while he rented a room in Montreal in the neighbourhood of McGill.
He initially resumed the same work he had been doing during the war, then transferred to the department of chemical research in Shirley Bay.
This study would have helped General Jean-Victor Allard to convince the federal government to create francophone units in the Canadian Army.
From 1953 to 1959, in parallel to his lab work, he completed the studies of a masters in psychology at the Institute of Psychology of the University of Ottawa.
Chaput invited Barbeau to hold a conference in Hull on August 28, 1959, in an old parish room of the Notre-Dame Church.
Barbeau invited Chaput to give a short speech in the Saint-Stanislas room of Montréal on September 13, 1959 as part of a soirée organized to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
During that period, although his patriotic and charitable activities were numerous, his militant activity for independence was limited to writing letters in newspapers on the topic of the hour.
As secretary to the commission, Chaput wrote the final report which concluded that French Canadians enjoy the right to self-determination and that members of the OJC should feel free to support independence if such was their political conviction.
On March 17, 1961, he was expelled from the secret organization after having insisted on learning the position of the Order on constitutional and political matters.
On May 7, 1960, Chaput presided a meeting that received Raymond Barbeau as speaker at the Le Grenier theatre in Hull.
Following the meeting, there were discussions on the possibility to form a Club Laurentie in Hull, but after reflecting on the matter for a while the small group of independence supporters in Hull decided to remain autonomous.
On September 10, 1960, he took part with 20 other people to the foundation of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) which took place at the Auberge Le Châtelet in Morin Heights in the Laurentides.
On May 23, 1961, he again spoke as part of a public meeting organized by the RIN, this time at the Ermitage in Montreal.
Chaput's increasingly active involvement in public affairs did not fail to grab the attention of his employer, the federal government in Ottawa.
In the House of Commons of the Parliament of Canada, Douglas Fisher, NDP Member of Parliament for Port Arthur in Ontario, asked Minister of National Defense Douglas Harkness about a certain doctor Chaput.
Harkness was forced to admit that the Marcel Chaput, public speaker promoting the independence of Quebec was the same Marcel Chaput employed by his department.
The Parliament of Canada took interest in his case again after some French-speaking MPs received invitations to attend a public meeting of the RIN announced for May 30, 1961 at the École normale de Hull.
The day of the event, Chaput was called in the office of doctor Keyston, vice-president of the Defence Research Board, and was threatened with firing if he gave his talk.
The general student association of Université Laval invited him to participate to the Canadian Affairs Conference, an event conducted under the honorary patronage of the Governor General of Canada.
He was suspended from his research functions for two weeks - without pay - after he decided to attend the Canadian Affairs Conference anyway.
On October 28, 1961, shortly before he resigned his job, he was elected President General of the RIN during the organization's annual congress in Montreal.
Although it never missed a chance to attack Premier Jean Lesage and all federalists in Quebec City or in Ottawa, the RIN adopted resolutions as part of a special congress on June 9 and 10 - to support the government of Quebec in its project to nationalize electricity companies.
When during fall Jean Lesage announced there would be general elections on November 14, Chaput thought the time right to present himself as candidate for the RIN in the electoral district of Bourget.
On September 30, the RIN took the unanimous decision to support his candidacy, but as an independent candidate, not as candidate of the RIN.
On Saturday October 20, during a congress held in the gymnasium of the Collège Mont-Saint-Louis, Guy Pouliot succeeded Chaput in the presidency of the RIN.
On November 14, 3,299 voters of Bourget supported Marcel Chaput, who improvised an electoral campaign with $2,500 CAD and dozens of volunteers.
He proposed to the RIN the creation of a position of political organizer, but the council rejected his proposal, still of opinion that the time had not yet come to be active in the political arena.
He decided to quit the RIN on December 17, 1762 in order to dedicate all his energies to the foundation of a pro-independence political party.
On February 23, 1963, he called a press conference to announce the opening of the office of the Parti républicain du Québec (PRQ).
Chaput announced that the first congress of the PRQ would be held on March 16 and 17 at Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal.
On May 7, Raymond Barbeau announced in a press conference that he decided to dissolve the Alliance laurentienne to unite the strength of its members to that of the PRQ.
In June, the PRQ permanent office moved from the 2nd floor of the old baseball stadium on rue de Lorimier to 4270, rue Papineau.
The PRQ rapidly accumulated a debt of $50,000 following the purchase of advertising time on television in April, May and June.
During the period of his two fasts he often made the headlines and continued to be invited to give talks on the subject of independence for Quebec.
After the dissolution of the PRQ on January 21, 1964, Chaput dedicated his time to searching for employment to support his family.
Since his resignation as a civil servant in December 1961, he had been living on his own savings and an insufficient public service pension to meet the needs of his wife and children.
Two insurance companies and one mutual fund company, though interested in him because of his notoriety, refused to hire him in the end because, he was told, the direction feared losing the Anglophone clientele.
At the end of the March 1964, his friend Jacques Lamarche suggested he apply for a teaching position with the Fédération des collèges classiques.
Under the name Gilles Côté, he participated to the publication of two economic dossiers during the summer of 1964, the first on general insurance, the second on life insurance.
The direction of the CEE eventually came under a new leadership who learned that Chaput was being employed by the organization.
A sympathizer of the RIN, José Leroux, principal of the private Collège Valéry, offered him a position as teacher of biology and history.
On February 5, 1965, in a moment of discouragement, he addressed a public letter to the media to lament the fate Quebec society reserved to those who advocated independence.
The only serious offer than was made to him from Quebec was that made by Doctor Elliot, one of his teachers at McGill University, who had since then become dean of the Department of Biochemistry, who offered him the direction of a research chair.
He refused the job on principles, asserting he did not wish to work in English in Quebec, and also for pragmatic reasons, because he wished for a flexible schedule that would allow him to continue his militancy for independence in his spare time.
It is only in 1968 that he found a permanent job through an association with Eugène Caraghiaur, with whom he founded Pétro-Montréal, a company delivering heating oil.
He returned to the RIN in August 1965, at the invitation of Pierre Bourgault, who was president of the party at the time.
He came in third behind Roland Théorêt of Union nationale and Bernard Desrosiers of the Parti libéral du Québec, with 2,504 votes (10.32%).
In October 1968, two weeks after the founding congress of the Parti Québécois (PQ), the members of the RIN gathered and voted the dissolution of their party.
Regulation 3926, contested in court, was declared unconstitutional by the Quebec Superior Court, before being finally declared constitutional, several years later, by the Supreme Court of Canada.
In the spring of 1970, he presented himself as candidate for nomination by the PQ in the electoral district of Maisonneuve.
He presented himself as candidate for nomination by the PQ in the electoral district of Terrebonne in 1973, but Guy Mercier was elected.
In 1975, he and his wife Madeleine received the first Patriot of the Year award given by the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montréal.
From 1968 to 1970, after receiving a Ph.D. in naturopathy from the Institut de naturopathie du Québec, he was a consultant at the Clinique naturiste de Montréal.
Daydreaming is the stream of consciousness that detaches from current external tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction.
This phenomenon is common in people's daily life shown by a large-scale study in which participants spend 47% of their waking time on average on daydreaming.
Daydreaming is the term used by Jerome L. Singer whose research programs laid the foundation for nearly all the subsequent research in this area today.
The list of terminologies assigned by researchers today puts challenges on identifying the common features of the phenomenon, in this case daydreaming, and on building collective work among researchers.
Mooneyham and Schooler reviewed studies published from 1995 and found 29 studies related to costs compared to only 6 recent studies arguing functional benefits of daydreaming.
Some of the major costs of daydreaming summarized by the review are associated with performances such as reading, sustained attention, mood, etc.
To be specific, there are costs associated with daydreaming during reading and the costs include deficits of item-specific comprehension and model-building ability.
Research finds people generally report to be less happy when they are daydreaming than when they are not even the activities they otherwise do are the least enjoyed by them.
For the positive daydreaming, people report the same happiness rating between current tasks and pleasant things they are more likely to daydream about.
The important relationship between mood and daydreaming from time-lag analysis is that the latter comes first, not the other way round.
one potential reason is the payoff of daydreaming is usually private and hidden compared to the measurable cost from external goal-directed tasks.
It's hard to know and record people's private thoughts such as personal goals and dreams, so whether daydreaming supports these thoughts is difficult to discuss.
They argued that the mind is not idle during daydreaming, though it's at rest when not attentively engaging in external tasks.
Rather, during this process, people indulge themselves in and reflect on fantasies, memories, future goals and psychological selves while still being able to control enough attention to keep easy tasks going and monitor the external environment.
Thus, the potential benefits are the skills of internal reflection developed in daydreaming to connect emotional implication of daily life experience with personal meaning building process.
Since daydreaming is disruptive in external tasks and its potential benefits are quite private and subtle, it's worth discussing the reason why daydreaming exists and occupies a large amount of people's waking time.
Though it's costly for current external activities performances, the benefit will be paid off later since future thinking allows better plan and preparation of the future goals.
When tackling unsolved problems, the most productive incubation periods in terms of creative solutions are those in undemanding conditions rather than attention-demanding conditions.
Attentional cycling is an adaptive function of daydreaming in that it helps to keep people's behaviors relatively optimal when there are multiple target problems at the same time.
Dishabituation is beneficial in the situation when the internal response to the external stimulus decreases as the external stimulus repeats during learning process.
One research identified this effect in learning and showed that learning is more effective with distributed practices rather than massive practices.
Daydreaming can provide the opportunity to allow thoughts to drift away from intensive learning temporarily and to focus again with the refreshed capability to continue attention-demanding tasks.
Like nighttime dreams, daydreams, also, are an example of wish-fulfilment (based on infantile experiences), and are allowed to surface because of relaxed censorship.
The state of daydreaming is a kind of liminal state between waking (with the ability to think rationally and logically) and sleeping.
They stand in much the same relation to the childhood memories from which they are derived as do some of the Baroque palaces of Rome to the ancient ruins whose pavements and columns have provided the material for the more recent structures.
In the late 1960s, cognitive psychologists Jerome L. Singer of Yale University and John S. Antrobus of the City College of New York, created a daydream questionnaire.
Humanistic psychology on other hand, found numerous examples of people in creative or artistic careers, such as composers, novelists and filmmakers, developing new ideas through daydreaming.
Eric Klinger's research in the 1980s showed that most daydreams are about ordinary, everyday events and help to remind us of mundane tasks.
Klinger found that fewer than 5% of the workers' daydreams involved explicitly sexual thoughts and that violent daydreams were also uncommon.
Israeli high school students who scored high on the Daydreaming Scale of the IPI had more empathy than students who scored low.
Some psychologists use the mental imagery created during their clients' daydreaming to help gain insight into their mental state and make diagnoses.
Although unable to recall their names or duties, they quickly realize that somehow they still know how to operate the starship.
The computer also provides evidence that they are on a mission to cross into Lysian space and destroy that species's central command, as well as any Lysian vessel that attempts to stop them.
Although they retain their practical knowledge and skills, none of the crew can remember who their crewmates are, and have forgotten their own identities.
Mysteriously, during the scan, an additional crewmember, in an officer's uniform, with the rank of commander, has joined the group on the bridge.
The bridge crew attempts to gain control of the situation, and Worf—wearing his baldric— assumes because he is decorated that he is the captain of the ship, and assumes command.
Data, with the memory files identifying who he is unavailable, and based on where he was when the scan happened, assumes the job of bartender in Ten Forward.
After considerable time, the ship's computer memory is finally reached, and La Forge brings up the manifest of the senior staff members.
Worf apologises to Picard for taking over but is assured he and the rest of the crew were simply doing their best.
Doctor Crusher works to restore the memories of the crew, a process complicated when it's found that the medical records for the crew have been destroyed.
She tries an experimental procedure on MacDuff, who apparently reacts poorly to the treatments, but later smiles when Crusher turns away.
Picard complains to MacDuff that he feels as though he has been given a weapon, taken into a room and told to shoot a stranger.
Ultimately, when faced with the Lysian central command, drastically incapable of fighting them off and with 15,311 people on board, Picard calls off the mission, stating that he does not fire on defenseless people.
MacDuff struggles to activate the ship's weapons, but Riker and Worf defeat him by simultaneously firing their phasers at him causing him to collapse.
A Time for Judas is a historiographic metafiction novel by Canadian author Morley Callaghan, published by Macmillan of Canada in 1983.
The novel tells the story of a man in modern times who discovers tablets written by a scribe named Philo of Crete or Philo the Greek.
In the story, these tablets are from the time of Jesus and are Philo's telling of Jesus' last days and the aftermath, including his resurrection.
He tells his story to Philo, who writes it all down on papyrus, seals it up in a Greek jar, and hides it until it is discovered in the 20th century.
The story goes that Judas hanged himself, not because he was ashamed of betraying Jesus, but because he had not kept the secret as Jesus had made him promise to do.
The New York State University College of Human Ecology (HumEc) is a statutory college located on the Cornell University campus in Ithaca, New York.
The College of Human Ecology is a compilation of area of study, such as consumer science, nutrition, health economics, public policy, human development and textiles, each through the perspective of human ecology.
New York State residents and out-of-state residents are eligible to attend College of Human Ecology and in-state residents attending the college pay a reduced rate compared to the tuition rates for their out-of-state counterparts.
In 2007-2008, the HumEc total budget of $42 million included $33 million in tuition revenue and $9 million in state appropriations.
The College enrolls approximately 1,250 undergraduates and 458 graduate students, and has approximately 105 professors and lecturers, and 70 research associates.
Thirty-five to forty percent of Human Ecology students continue in professional or graduate degree programs following the completion of undergraduate degree programs.
Pioneers such as Ellen Swallow Richards and Mr. and Mrs. Melvil Dewey championed home economics as a field in higher education.
From 1903 to 1907 Martha Van Rensselaer, and American nutritionist Flora Rose (1874-1959), and Anna Botsford Comstock taught early home economics courses at the New York State College of Agriculture.
In 1914, the United States Congress passed the Smith-Lever Act to establish a system of cooperative extension services provided by land-grant universities for the purpose of educating American farmers, youth, and other groups about developments in the fields of agriculture, home economics, 4-H and other related domains.
Van Rensselaer and Rose advocated for the state charter of 1925 for the New York State College of Home Economics - the first unit of its kind in the United States.
In 1929, Eleanor Roosevelt lent political influence to assist the college to obtain public funds to construct a building, later completed in 1933.
Requests for appropriations, budgets, estimates, and expenditures has remained under the management and control of the State University of New York, and the college is therefore subject to the financial supervision of the SUNY trustees.
In 1933, the College was housed in Martha Van Rensselaer Hall (MVR), located at 116 Reservoir Avenue in Ithaca, New York.
In 2003, Dean Patsy Brannon presided over the completion of a west wing addition to MVR Hall, providing space for the Division of Nutritional Sciences, including a human metabolic research unit as well as an interactive distance-learning classroom.
In 2011, a new 89,000-square foot facility designed by Gruzen Samton and IBI Group was completed to provide a parking garage, a three-story building, and a commons adjacent to the existing building.
Due to the fact that most modern microprocessors include subtle, complex functions for the purposes of efficiency, it can be difficult to learn systems programming using a real-world system.
The Simplified Instructional Computer solves this by abstracting away these complex behaviors in favor of an architecture that is clear and accessible for those wanting to learn systems programming.
Similar to most modern computing systems, the SIC architecture stores all data in binary and uses the two's complement to represent negative values at the machine level.
Any three consecutive bytes form a 24-bit 'word' value, addressed by the location of the lowest numbered byte in the word value.
There is also a more complicated machine built on top of SIC called the Simplified Instruction Computer with Extra Equipment (SIC/XE).
The XE expansion of SIC adds a 48-bit floating point data type, an additional memory addressing mode, and extra memory (1 megabyte instead of 32,768 bytes) to the original machine.
In the System Software book, this is used with a theoretical series of operation codes to aid in the understanding of assemblers and linker-loaders required for the execution of assembly language code.
SIC uses a special assembly language with its own operation codes that hold the hex values needed to assemble and execute programs.
The third column takes the symbol value obtained by going through the first column and uses it to run the operation specified in the second column.
This process creates an object code, and all the object codes are put into an object file to be run by the SIC machine.
For example, the top line is an 'H' record, the first 6 hex digits signify its relative starting location, and the last 6 hex digits represent the program's size.
The lines throughout are similar, with each 'T' record consisting of 6 hex digits to signify that line's starting location, 2 hex digits to indicate the size (in bytes) of the line, and the object codes that were created during the assembly process.
Since the SIC and SIC/XE machines are not real machines, the task of actually constructing a SIC emulator is often part of coursework in a systems programming class.
The purpose of SIC is to teach introductory-level systems programmers or collegiate students how to write and assemble code below higher-level languages like C and C++.
Adam-12 is a television police procedural drama that follows Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers Pete Malloy and Jim Reed as they ride the streets of Los Angeles in their patrol unit, 1-Adam-12.
It starred Martin Milner and Kent McCord and purported to realistically capture a typical day in the life of police officers.
The show ran from September 21, 1968, through May 20, 1975, and helped to introduce police procedures and jargon to the general public in the United States.
Adam-12's radio call sign identified it as a Central Division unit serving Downtown Los Angeles, but the show actually featured the fledgling LAPD Rampart Division station at 2710 West Temple Street as the setting for the series.
This was either a production creative decision or an LAPD bureaucratic decision to showcase a new modern facility rather than the much older Central Division police station.
Many of the filming locations were in the San Fernando Valley (composed of LAPD Devonshire, Foothill, Mission, North Hollywood, Topanga, Van Nuys, West Valley, and Valley Traffic Divisions); and the garage used tow trucks from the North Hollywood Division, close to Universal Studios, which co-produced the show with Mark VII Limited.
The Temple Street building was closed in 2008, as a newer and larger station now houses the Rampart Division; the old building is being renovated to serve as headquarters for LAPD's Metro Division, an elite reserve unit that includes counterterrorism and SWAT platoons.
In the program, the Rampart Division, Division 2, portrayed the Central Division, Division 1, so in reality the unit's call sign should have been 2-Adam-12.
Each episode of the series was based on actual cases, with names changed to protect the innocent, and covered a variety of incidents that the officers encountered during a shift, from the tragic to the trivial.
In episode 1, Reed is less than a week out of the prestigious Los Angeles Police Academy and is eager to begin his career.
Three weeks earlier, Malloy's patrol partner and friend had been killed apprehending an armed robbery suspect; Malloy is deeply saddened, to the extent that he plans to resign from the force.
Watch commander Lieutenant Moore (Art Gilmore) was Malloy's first training officer seven years earlier, and he assigns Malloy to take Reed the rookie out for his first patrol on Malloy's final shift.
Reed shows tremendous potential on his first night on the job, but Malloy realizes that his new partner has plenty to learn, and the veteran officer decides to stay on the job and guide Reed during his nine-month probationary period.
Reed's probationary period is played out during the first and second seasons, after which he is promoted to a full officer.
In later seasons, Malloy and Reed began patrolling other beats of Los Angeles, including the Los Angeles International Airport, the Los Angeles Harbor, the Foothill District, the West Valley area, Venice, Van Nuys, Hollywood, Rampart, and North Hollywood.
Some episodes had Reed serving as the training officer, whereas Malloy had been promoted to the rank of a Senior Lead Officer (P-3+1) who coordinates patrols in many neighborhoods and works as the acting shift supervisor.
Several of their fellow officers were recurring characters; the most frequent were Jerry Woods (Fred Stromsoe), Ed Wells (Gary Crosby), Detective Sgt Jerry Miller (Jack Hogan), and Officer Brinkman (Claude Johnson).
Malloy is a bachelor who has at least two girlfriends during the course of the series (the last being Judy (Aneta Corsaut)), while Reed is married to a woman named Jean (played by several actresses, including Kristin Nelson); in Season 2 he becomes a father.
The police vehicles used in the production of show were purchased from local dealerships and outfitted by the prop department to LAPD cruiser specs.
In seasons two and three, there were many instances where Reed and Malloy would be seen driving a 1969 Plymouth one minute, then with a camera or scene change, they would be in a 1968.
Friday's partner, but the project was cancelled due to Jack Webb's sudden death in December, 1982; since none of the scripts Webb wrote for the project were ever produced or released, it is not clear if he intended McCord to play a different character or to revive the Jim Reed character.
Many gay, lesbian and bisexual people were born into cultures and religions that stigmatized, repressed or negatively judged any sexuality that differed from a heterosexual identity and orientation.
Additionally the majority of heterosexuals still view non-heterosexual acts as taboo and non-conventional sexual desires are generally hidden entirely or masked in various ways.
The term has come into more prominence in the academic field starting in the 1980s and more prominently in the 1990s with major studies of identities of non-heterosexual youth and a smaller number of studies specifically looking at non-heterosexual college students.
The authors point out, however, that not only do many lesbians have children but they routinely identify as heterosexual through much of their lives or at least until their children are old enough that a non-heterosexual identity would not greatly impact their families negatively.
It came into wider use in this context when the AIDS pandemic's impact on gay male communities was being explored as many gay men created families out of extended networks of friends and these became their support systems.
The use of the term 'non-heterosexual' to refer to LGBTQ people as a blanket term could perpetuate heterosexuality as the norm.
He states that men and women were now meant to enjoy sex; relations between those of the 'opposite sexes' was seen as healthy and encouraged by medical professionals; and this creation and celebration of the 'Normal Sexual' ultimately resulted in its counterpart: the 'Sexual Pervert,' anyone who fell outside the heterosexual ideal.
Katz concludes that the term heterosexuality was created as a way to subjugate and other anyone who did not confirm to mainstream ideals of sexuality.
The term non-heterosexual suggests a division between heterosexual and homosexual, the heterosexual-homosexual dichotomy, rather than the heterosexual-homosexual continuum, which accounts for identities that are not exclusively heterosexual or homosexual.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the term oral stage or hemitaxia denotes the first psychosexual development stage wherein the mouth of the infant is his or her primary erogenous zone.
Spanning the life period from birth to the age of 18 months, the oral stage is the first of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: (i) the oral, (ii) the anal, (iii) the phallic, (iv) the latent, and (v) the genital.
Moreover, because it is the infant's first human relationship—biological (nutritive) and psychological (emotional)—its duration depends upon the child-rearing mores of the mother's society.
Sociologically speaking, the duration of infantile nursing is determined normatively; in some societies it is common for a child to be nursed by its mother for several years but in others this period is much shorter.
Psychologically, Sigmund Freud proposed that if the nursing child's appetite were thwarted during any libidinal development stage, the anxiety would persist into adulthood as a neurosis (functional mental disorder).
Therefore, an infantile oral fixation (oral craving) would be manifest as an obsession with oral stimulation; yet, if weaned either too early or too late, the infant might fail to resolve the emotional conflicts of the oral, first stage of psychosexual development and he or she might develop a maladaptive oral fixation.
The infant who is neglected (insufficiently fed) or who is over-protected (over-fed) in the course of being nursed, might become an orally-fixated person.
Said oral-stage fixation might have two effects: (i) the neglected child might become a psychologically dependent adult continually seeking the oral stimulation denied in infancy, thereby becoming a manipulative person in fulfilling his or her needs, rather than maturing to independence; (ii) the over-protected child might resist maturation and return to dependence upon others in fulfilling his or her needs.
Since Freud's presentation of the theory of psychosexual development in 1905, no evidence has confirmed that extended breast-feeding might lead to an oral-stage fixation, nor that it contributes to a person becoming maladjusted or to developing addictions (psychologic, physiologic).
The pediatrician Jack Newman proposed that breast feeding a child until he or she chooses to wean (c. 2–4 years of age) generally produces a more psychologically secure, and independent person.
It has been recorded by numerous artists, including Arthur Lyman, Santo & Johnny, Rob E. G., The Atlantics, and Johnnie Spence and his Orchestra.
Outdoor action was shot largely at Corriganville Movie Ranch northwest of Los Angeles in Simi Valley, where the production made ample use of the facility's Fort Apache.
Additional action sequences were shot on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, Calif., known for its huge sandstone boulders and widely recognized as the most heavily filmed outdoor shooting location in the history of Hollywood.
The show's troupe of 12 character actors were often required to play multiple parts in the same episode, sometimes to the point of one actor fighting himself, wearing a cavalry uniform in one shot and an Apache outfit in another.
The eponymous dog, Rin Tin Tin IV, lived about away at Duncan's ranch in Riverside, California, receiving visitors who were eager to see the famous dog.
The original black and white prints were tinted light brown with new opening and closing segments filmed in color in Utah.
The show currently airs in syndication on Antenna TV, with remastered episodes produced by Cerulean Digital Color and Animation, with lines redubbed for some scenes using actors other than those from the original series cast, with a different generic theme song.
The Connecticut Western Reserve was a portion of land claimed by the Colony of Connecticut and later by the state of Connecticut in what is now mostly the northeastern region of Ohio.
Connecticut relinquished claim to some of its western lands to the United States in 1786 following the American Revolutionary War and preceding the 1787 establishment of the Northwest Territory.
Despite ceding sovereignty to the United States, Connecticut retained ownership of the eastern portion of its cession, south of Lake Erie.
The phrase Western Reserve is preserved in numerous institutional names in Ohio, such as Western Reserve Academy, Case Western Reserve University, and Western Reserve Hospital.
The Reserve encompassed all of the following Ohio counties: Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Erie and Huron (see Firelands), Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Trumbull; and portions of Ashland, Mahoning, Ottawa, Summit, and Wayne.
Nevertheless, the state held fast to its claim on the lands between the 41st and 42nd-and-2-minutes parallels that lay west of the Pennsylvania state border.
The claim within Ohio was for a -wide strip between Lake Erie and a line just south of present-day Youngstown, Akron, New London, and Willard, about south of present-day U.S. Highway 224.
Connecticut gave up western land claims following the American Revolutionary War in exchange for federal assumption of its debt, as did several other states.
As population increased in portions of the Northwest Territory, new states were organized and admitted to the Union in the early 19th century.
The state sold the Western Reserve to the Connecticut Land Company in 1796 (or possibly 12 August, 2 September, or 5 September 1795) for $1,200,000.
The initial eight men in the group (or possibly seven or 35) planned to divide the land into homestead plots and sell it to settlers from the east.
Clear title was obtained east of the Cuyahoga River by the Greenville Treaty in 1795 and west of the river in the Treaty of Fort Industry in 1805.
The next year, the Land Company sent surveyors led by Moses Cleaveland to the Reserve to divide the land into square townships, on each side (.
Youngstown was founded in 1796, Warren in 1798, Hudson in 1799, Ravenna also in 1799, Ashtabula in 1803, and Stow in 1804.
It was a center of the steel industry, receiving iron ore shipped through the Great Lakes from Minnesota, processing it into steel products, and shipping these products to the east.
This industry stimulated the development of great freight lakers, as the steam ships were known, including the first steel ships in the 20th century.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these cities attracted hundreds of thousands of European immigrants and migrants (both black and white) from the rural South to its industrial jobs.
At the request of Congress in 2011, the National Park Service prepared a feasibility study for declaring the 14-county region of the Western Reserve as a National Heritage Area.
This is a means to encourage broad-based preservation of such historical sites and buildings that are related to a large historical theme.
Such assessment and designation has been significant for recognizing assets, and encouraging new development and businesses, including heritage tourism, often related to adaptive re-use of waterways, and buildings, as well as totally new endeavors.
49 National Heritage Areas have been designated in the United States, including two in Ohio: the Ohio Canal of the Ohio and Erie Canal and the National Aviation Heritage Area.
The settlers in northern Ohio repeated the style of structures and the development of towns with which they were familiar in New England; many buildings in the new settlements were designed in the Georgian, Federal, and Greek Revival styles.
Towns such as Aurora, Bath, Canfield, Chagrin Falls, Gates Mills, Hudson, Medina, Milan, Norwalk, Oberlin, Painesville, Poland, and Tallmadge exemplify the expression of these styles and traditional New England town planning.
The essence of the story is the journey of a mechanical genius from his self-imposed exile from the rest of humanity to a more normal life, conquering the disease myasthenia gravis as well as his own contempt for humans in general.
Wearing a glove and harness, Waldo could control a much more powerful mechanical hand simply by moving his hand and fingers.
In reference to this story, the real-life remote manipulators that were later developed also came to be called waldoes, some even by NASA.
He reasons that if a chimpanzee is ten times as strong as a man, and a man is ten times as strong as Waldo, then Waldo is as far above men as men are above chimpanzees.
Afterward, in the dressing room, while preparing to depart for his other job as a neurosurgeon, the dancer reminisces to a reporter about what made him take up dancing.
James Stevens, Chief Engineer of North American Power-Air (NAPA), is desperate to discover what is causing vehicles driven by broadcast power to cease functioning.
Society has harnessed cheap atomic power, broadcast by NAPA, to run homes, factories, ground vehicles, and even personal aircraft which can travel into space.
If the failures continue, not only will he lose his job but the entire power system of the country could collapse.
In desperation, Stevens approaches Doc Grimes, a physician who has known Waldo since birth, to try to persuade Waldo to help.
Waldo lives in a satellite in high orbit, where the lack of gravity allows him to move around despite his weakness.
Waldo reluctantly takes the case, but Grimes insists on one more condition: Waldo must figure out what effect broadcast power has on humans.
Stevens returns to Earth, to find that McLeod, one of his engineers who had experienced a power failure in his personal craft, has returned.
Waldo calls Stevens to have Rambeau brought to him, but Stevens reports that Rambeau somehow escaped from his restraints without actually unfastening them.
In Schneider's hands, Waldo does indeed experience a sense of well-being, and is able to lift up a coffee cup one-handed for the first time in his life.
Schneider explains an old philosophy, how something which can be true for this world might not be for the Other World.
Of course, NAPA offers a settlement from which Waldo profits hugely, even though the new deKalb is a repaired one with a lot of distracting technology attached.
Tricking Grimes and Stevens into taking him to Earth again, he walks out of the craft, almost causing Grimes to have a heart attack.
A typical illustration of the tools in the story is Waldo's handling of his need to perform micro-dissection on the scale of cellular walls.
He uses human-sized waldoes to make smaller waldos, then uses those to make even smaller waldoes, and continues the series until he has waldoes small enough to work at the cellular scale.
The time in which the story is set is not mentioned, but is clearly decades ahead of the 1940s when it was written.
When Waldo visits Gramps Schneider, whom McLeod described as being older than anybody even when McLeod was a child, he notices a campaign button on the wall of Schneider's house.
The Romanian philologist Ilie Gherghel wrote a study about Blachernae and concluded that it possibly derived from the name of a Vlach (sometimes written as Blach or Blasi), who came to Constantinople from the lower Danube, a region named today Dobruja.
The name Blachernae appeared in a work of Theophanes the Confessor in connection with a revolt of Flavius Vitalianus against Emperor Anastasius I in 513.
According to Ilie Gherghel, the word vlach became known in the Germanic and Slavic world through the Vikings that came in contact with the Byzantine Empire.
The quarter was connected to the city proper at the construction of the Theodosian Walls, but the Church of St. Mary remained outside of the walls until 627, when Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) built another wall to enclose it.
By that time, the church had become the major Marian shrine of the city, and the second-most important church in Constantinople after Hagia Sophia, if only because the emperors' residence was nearby.
South of the church and situated on the city's Seventh Hill stood the imperial Palace of Blachernae, which was first erected in c. 500.
During the Komnenian period, it became the favourite imperial residence, eclipsing the older Great Palace of Constantinople on the eastern end of the city.
Although the Latin emperors returned to the Bucoleon Palace, the Palaiologos emperors of the restored Byzantine Empire again used the Blachernae Palace as their main residence.
The Palace of the Porphyrogenitus () and the so-called Prison of Anemas are the main surviving structures of the Palace of Blachernae, which was a complex of multiple buildings.
Following the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in May 1453, the Sultan's residence was moved to Topkapı Palace on the site of the ancient acropolis of Byzantium, opposite to the original site of the Great Palace, which had by this time fallen into complete ruin, and the Blachernae area (with the exception of the Palace of Porphyrogenitus) fell into disuse.
In chemistry and physics, a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
The presence of valence electrons can determine the element's chemical properties, such as its valence—whether it may bond with other elements and, if so, how readily and with how many.
For a main group element, a valence electron can exist only in the outermost electron shell; in a transition metal, a valence electron can also be in an inner shell.
Atoms with one or two valence electrons more than a closed shell are highly reactive due to the relatively low energy to remove the extra valence electrons to form a positive ion.
An atom with one or two electrons less than a closed shell is reactive due to its tendency either to gain the missing valence electrons and form a negative ion, or else to share valence electrons and form a covalent bond.
Similar to an electron in an inner shell, a valence electron has the ability to absorb or release energy in the form of a photon.
Or the electron can even break free from its associated atom's valence shell; this is ionization to form a positive ion.
When an electron loses energy (thereby causing a photon to be emitted), then it can move to an inner shell which is not fully occupied.
The number of valence electrons of an element can be determined by the periodic table group (vertical column) in which the element is categorized.
With the exception of groups 3–12 (the transition metals), the units digit of the group number identifies how many valence electrons are associated with a neutral atom of an element listed under that particular column.
The electrons that determine how an atom reacts chemically are those whose average distance from the nucleus is greatest; that is, those with the highest energy.
For a main group element, the valence electrons are defined as those electrons residing in the electronic shell of highest principal quantum number n. Thus, the number of valence electrons that it may have depends on the electron configuration in a simple way.
For example, the electronic configuration of phosphorus (P) is 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p so that there are 5 valence electrons (3s 3p), corresponding to a maximum valence for P of 5 as in the molecule PF; this configuration is normally abbreviated to [Ne] 3s 3p, where [Ne] signifies the core electrons whose configuration is identical to that of the noble gas neon.
So as opposed to main group elements, a valence electron for a transition metal is defined as an electron that resides outside a noble-gas core.
For example, manganese (Mn) has configuration 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d; this is abbreviated to [Ar] 4s 3d, where [Ar] denotes a core configuration identical to that of the noble gas argon.
In this atom, a 3d electron has energy similar to that of a 4s electron, and much higher than that of a 3s or 3p electron.
In effect, there are possibly seven valence electrons (4s 3d) outside the argon-like core; this is consistent with the chemical fact that manganese can have an oxidation state as high as +7 (in the permanganate ion: ).
The farther right in each transition metal series, the lower the energy of an electron in a d subshell and the less such an electron has the properties of a valence electron.
Because the number of valence electrons which actually participate in chemical reactions is difficult to predict, the concept of the valence electron is less useful for a transition metal than for a main group element; the d electron count is an alternative tool for understanding the chemistry of a transition metal.
Therefore, elements whose atoms can have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the periodic table of the elements.
As a general rule, a main group element (except hydrogen or helium) tends to react to form a closed shell, corresponding to the electron configuration sp.
The most reactive kind of metallic element is an alkali metal of group 1 (e.g., sodium or potassium); this is because such an atom has only a single valence electron; during the formation of an ionic bond which provides the necessary ionization energy, this one valence electron is easily lost to form a positive ion (cation) with a closed shell (e.g., Na or K).
An alkaline earth metal of Group 2 (e.g., magnesium) is somewhat less reactive, because each atom must lose two valence electrons to form a positive ion with a closed shell (e.g., Mg).
A nonmetal atom tends to attract additional valence electrons to attain a full valence shell; this can be achieved in one of two ways: An atom can either share electrons with a neighboring atom (a covalent bond), or it can remove electrons from another atom (an ionic bond).
Such an atom has the following electron configuration: sp; this requires only one additional valence electron to form a closed shell.
To form an ionic bond, a halogen atom can remove an electron from another atom in order to form an anion (e.g., F, Cl, etc.).
To form a covalent bond, one electron from the halogen and one electron from another atom form a shared pair (e.g., in the molecule H–F, the line represents a shared pair of valence electrons, one from H and one from F).
Within each group of nonmetals, reactivity decreases with each lower rows of the table (from a light element to a heavy element) in the periodic table, because the valence electrons are at progressively higher energies and thus progressively less tightly bound.
In fact, oxygen (the lightest element in group 16) is the most reactive nonmetal after fluorine, even though it is not a halogen, because the valence shell of a halogen is at a higher principal quantum number.
In these simple cases where the octet rule is obeyed, the valence of an atom equals the number of electrons gained, lost, or shared in order to form the stable octet.
Valence electrons are also responsible for the electrical conductivity of an element; as a result, an element may be classified as a metal, a nonmetal, or a semiconductor (or metalloid).
In each row of the periodic table, the metals occur to the left of the nonmetals, and thus a metal has fewer possible valence electrons than a nonmetal.
However, a valence electron of a metal atom has a small ionization energy, and in the solid state this valence electron is relatively free to leave one atom in order to associate with another nearby.
Such an element is found toward the right of the periodic table, and it has a valence shell that is at least half full (the exception is boron).
Its ionization energy is large; an electron cannot leave an atom easily when an electric field is applied, and thus such an element can conduct only very small electric currents.
A solid compound containing metals can also be an insulator if the valence electrons of the metal atoms are used to form ionic bonds.
For example, although elemental sodium is a metal, solid sodium chloride is an insulator, because the valence electron of sodium is transferred to chlorine to form an ionic bond, and thus that electron cannot be moved easily.
A semiconductor has an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of a metal and that of a nonmetal; a semiconductor also differs from a metal in that a semiconductor's conductivity increases with temperature.
The properties of semiconductors are best explained using band theory, as a consequence of a small energy gap between a valence band (which contains the valence electrons at absolute zero) and a conduction band (to which valence electrons are excited by thermal energy).
Adventures of Superman is an American television series based on comic book characters and concepts that Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created in 1938.
The show was the first television series to feature Superman and began filming in 1951 in California on RKO-Pathé stages and the RKO Forty Acres back lot.
The first and last airdates of the show, which was produced for first-run syndication rather than for a network, are disputed, but they are generally accepted as September 19, 1952, and April 28, 1958, respectively.
The show's first two seasons (episodes 1–52, 26 titles per season) were filmed in black and white; seasons three through six (episodes 53–104, 13 titles per season) were filmed in color but were originally telecast in black and white.
George Reeves played Clark Kent/Superman, with Jack Larson as Jimmy Olsen, John Hamilton as Perry White, and Robert Shayne as Inspector Henderson.
Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen, Clark's colleagues at the office, often find themselves in dangerous situations that only Superman's timely intervention can resolve.
The series discontinued production, however, and remained unaired until September 1952, when cereal manufacturer Kellogg's agreed to sponsor the show (as the company had previously done with the Superman radio series).
Noel Neill, who had played the character in both Columbia theatrical serials, stepped into the role and remained until the series' cancellation.
The core cast thereafter remained intact, with Phillips Tead occasionally joining the regulars in the last seasons as the eccentric recurring character Professor Pepperwinkle.
To promote and advertise the show, cast members Reeves, Hamilton, and Larson were able to earn extra money by appearing in Kellogg's commercials during the second season.
However, Noel Neill was never approached for these because sponsors worried that scenes of Clark Kent having breakfast with Lois Lane would be too suggestive.
From the beginning, the series was filmed like a movie serial, with principals wearing the same costumes throughout the show to expedite out-of-sequence shooting schedules and save budgetary costs.
Money was further saved by using a simple change of wall hangings to change Clark's office into Lois's office, thus dispensing with additional set construction.
In the last seasons, for example, there were fewer exterior location shoots, and episodes were filmed almost entirely in the studio.
Reeves's red, blue, and yellow Superman costume was originally brown, gray, and white so that it would come through in appropriate gray tones on black-and-white film.
The monochrome prints of the color episodes also had to be treated so that there would be a similar level of contrast in the colors of Reeves's new costume and that from the earlier seasons.
Throughout the last 50 episodes, a lackadaisical attitude toward flubbed lines prevailed, ascribed to deterioration of morale among cast and crew, the added expense of color filming and salary disputes.
The first season's episodes usually featured action-packed, dark, gritty, and often violent story lines in which Superman fought gangsters and crime lords.
When it came time to reassemble the cast and crew for filming the second season, Phyllis Coates was no longer available, having committed herself to another project.
The second-season shows were still fairly serious in nature, retaining the film-noir/crime drama qualities while steering more in a science fiction direction, with Ellsworth tempering the violence significantly.
With most of the villains becoming comic bunglers less likely to frighten the show's juvenile viewers and with only some occasional deaths, usually off screen, Kellogg's gave its full approval to Ellsworth's approach and the show remained a success.
With the color seasons, the show began to take on the lighthearted, whimsical tone of the Superman comic books of the decade.
On occasions when Superman did use physical force, he would take crooks out in a single karate-style chop or, if he happened to have two criminals in hand, by banging their heads together.
Scripts for the sixth and final season reestablished a bit of the seriousness of the show, often utilizing science fiction features like a kryptonite-powered robot, atomic explosions, and impregnable metal cubes.
Noel Neill's hair was dyed a bright red for this season, though the color change was not apparent in the initial black-and-white broadcasts.
In the episode, Reeves appears as himself playing TV's Superman, though no mention of George Reeves is ever made until the credits roll.
The episode was colorized and re-broadcast as part of an hour-long Lucy special on the CBS network on May 17, 2015.
At the request of the US Treasury Department, the production company made a special truncated film, with a run time of 17 minutes and 32 seconds, to promote school savings-stamp plans to children.
It features Clark Kent/Superman, Jimmy Olsen and Lois Lane and plays like a normal black-and-white episode of the second season, with series semi-regulars Tristram Coffin, as a government spokesman, and Billy Nelson, as a criminal.
Hillsides in Culver City, city streets of downtown Los Angeles, or residential areas of the San Fernando Valley were sometimes used as exteriors during all six seasons.
In later seasons, filming occurred on sound stages, with exterior shots, such as cars driving along roadways, shot as second-unit material, often with doubles at the wheel.
Bill Kennedy, framed by the show's theme music, voiced the opening narration of the show, expanded from that of the 1940s radio show and the 1940s Superman cartoons.
In later syndication, when Kellogg's was no longer the sponsor, the episode openings were re-edited to remove the opening line relating to the cereal company.
The theme is ascribed to studio music arranger Leon Klatzkin, although it may have been adapted from an earlier unrelated, and now lost, theme.
The main theme, based on a triad, matched the three syllables in the character's name, as has been the case with nearly all Superman music.
With the exception of the title theme, musical cues ranged from the serious to the lighthearted and were different for each of the seasons, except for the third season, wherein some cues from the previous season would be reused in a number of episodes.
The characters from the TV series, except Lois Lane and Superman himself, made a number of TV commercials promoting their cereal products.
The sponsor originally requested to have this line placed, at the intro's start, on every single episode of the series, as well as—from second season onward—the company's logo on the intro and on the end of the closing credits.
When Kellogg's ceased being the show's sponsor, the logo and the intro line were removed from some prints, especially when Warner Bros. Television received distribution rights.
Reeves would run into frame and hit the out-of-frame springboard, which would boost him out of frame, sometimes over the camera, and onto padding.
The springboard had enough force, along with subtle camera manipulation, to make it look as though he was actually taking off.
The typical technique had footage of Reeves stretched out on a spatula-like device formed to his torso and leg, operated on a counterweight like a boom microphone, allowing him to bank as if in flight.
In the two monochrome seasons, Reeves was occasionally filmed in front of aerial footage on a back-projection screen or against a neutral background which would provide a matte which would be optically combined with a swish-pan or aerial shot.
That footage was matted onto various backgrounds depending on the needs of the episode: clouds, buildings, the ocean, mountain forests, etc., by which he would appear to fly.
For the color episodes, the simpler and cheaper technique of a neutral cyclorama backing was used, usually sky-blue, or black for night shots.
Other veteran film and television actors making appearances on the show included Dona Drake, George E. Stone, James Craven, Dan Seymour, Victor Sen Yung, Maudie Prickett, John Doucette, Norma Varden, Roy Barcroft, Elizabeth Patterson, and George Chandler.
Director Tommy Carr's brother Steve appeared as an unbilled extra in nearly every one of the first 26 shows and frequently in more substantial character roles.
Superman arrived on television in 1952 with a mythology established through comic books, a novel, a radio series, two theatrical serials, and seventeen Max Fleischer animated shorts.
Another element appropriated from the mythology for the television series was Lois Lane's suspicions regarding Clark Kent's true identity and her romantic infatuation with Superman.
The sudden death of the show's star George Reeves in June 1959 was not the end of the series either, in the producers' eyes.
Their dialogue scene was cut for theatrical release, but played in its entirety when the film was broadcast on TV, and later in the 2001 director's cut restoration.
Neill played the multimillionaire wife of Lex Luthor, played by Kevin Spacey, who dies at the beginning of the film, leaving her entire inheritance to Luthor.
When the series went into syndicated reruns, Kellogg's ceased being the show's sponsor and its name had to be removed from the opening titles.
In every print since the network run (including the video and DVD releases), the 52 black-and-white shows appear to have been made in 1951, and the 52 color shows all seem to be from 1957.
This is because the opening credits were standardized for syndication: a vintage-1951 opening was spliced onto the black-and-white shows, and a vintage-1957 opening was added to the color shows.
George Reeves, who acts Superman, doesn't have too much of a role in the initial pix, since most of it deals with boyhood of the hero, but he registered nicely as the meek reporter and as the hero.
He briefly acted as President of the Rally for the Republic in 2002 after Michèle Alliot-Marie was nominated as Minister of Defence, and just before the Party was officially dissolved within the Union for a Popular Movement.
Ticonderoga () is a hamlet in the southeast part of the town of Ticonderoga, in Essex County, New York, United States.
In 1889, the hamlet of Ticonderoga was incorporated as a village within the town of Ticonderoga, but in 1992 residents voted to dissolve the village.
Fort Ticonderoga, east of the community, was a military outpost before it fell into disrepair after its importance in war declined.
The community lies between Lake George and Lake Champlain on the site of a portage between the two lakes, previously guarded by historic Fort Ticonderoga.
The waterway running through this portage is called the La Chute River, which drains the outflow of Lake George into Lake Champlain, and it contains a waterfall at the eastern edge of the hamlet.
The junction of New York State Route 9N, New York State Route 74, and New York State Route 22 is at the northern edge of the CDP.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.81%, is water.
They are notable musicians and singers, who are from Peoples indigenous to the contemporary United States, including Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and Native Americans in the United States.
Historical figures might predate tribal enrollment practices and would be included based on ethnological tribal membership, while any contemporary individuals should either be enrolled members of federally recognized tribes or have cited Native American ancestry and be recognized as being Native American by their respective tribes(s).
Package labeling (American English) or labelling (British English) is any written, electronic, or graphic communication on the package or on a separate but associated label.
The first packages used the natural materials available at the time: baskets of reeds, wineskins (bota bags), wooden boxes, pottery vases, ceramic amphorae, wooden barrels, woven bags, etc.
The earliest recorded use of paper for packaging dates back to 1035, when a Persian traveler visiting markets in Cairo, Arab Egypt, noted that vegetables, spices and hardware were wrapped in paper for the customers after they were sold.
The manufacturing of tinplate was the monopoly of Bohemia for a long time; in 1667 Andrew Yarranton, an English engineer, and Ambrose Crowley brought the method to England where it was improved by ironmasters including Philip Foley.
The method pioneered there of rolling iron plates by means of cylinders enabled more uniform black plates to be produced than was possible with the former practice of hammering.
With the discovery of the importance of airtight containers for food preservation by French inventor Nicholas Appert, the tin canning process was patented by British merchant Peter Durand in 1810.
He sold his patent in 1812 to two other Englishmen, Bryan Donkin and John Hall, who refined the process and product and set up the world's first commercial canning factory on Southwark Park Road, London.
Robert Yeates, a cutlery and surgical instrument maker of Trafalgar Place West, Hackney Road, Middlesex, UK, devised a claw-ended can opener with a hand-operated tool that haggled its way around the top of metal cans.
In 1858, another lever-type opener of a more complex shape was patented in the United States by Ezra Warner of Waterbury, Connecticut.
Gair's invention came about as a result of an accident: as a Brooklyn printer and paper-bag maker during the 1870s, he was once printing an order of seed bags, and the metal ruler, normally used to crease bags, shifted in position and cut them.
Commercial paper bags were first manufactured in Bristol, England, in 1844, and the American Francis Wolle patented a machine for automated bag-making in 1852.
As additional materials such as aluminum and several types of plastic were developed, they were incorporated into packages to improve performance and functionality.
Post-consumer recycling of aluminum and paper-based products has been economical for many years: since the 1980s, post-consumer recycling has increased due to curbside recycling, consumer awareness, and regulatory pressure.
As a prominent concept in the military, mil spec packaging officially came into being around 1941, due to operations in Iceland experiencing critical losses, ultimately attributed to bad packaging.
In most cases, mil spec packaging solutions (such as barrier materials, field rations, antistatic bags, and various shipping crates) are similar to commercial grade packaging materials, but subject to more stringent performance and quality requirements.
Packaging may be described in relation to the type of product being packaged: medical device packaging, bulk chemical packaging, over-the-counter drug packaging, retail food packaging, military materiel packaging, pharmaceutical packaging, etc.
For example, depending on the use, a shrink wrap can be primary packaging when applied directly to the product, secondary packaging when used to combine smaller packages, or tertiary packaging when used to facilitate some types of distribution, such as to affix a number of cartons on a pallet.
Some requirements and symbols exist to communicate aspects of consumer rights and safety, for example the CE marking or the estimated sign that notes conformance to EU weights and measures accuracy regulations.
In the European Union, products of animal origin which are intended to be consumed by humans have to carry standard, oval-shaped EC identification and health marks for food safety and quality insurance reasons.
Each has an essential function: identification codes either relate product information or serve as keys to other data, bar codes allow for the automated input of identification codes and other data, and EDI moves data between trading partners within the distribution channel.
Elements of these core technologies include UPC and EAN item identification codes, the SCC-14 (UPC shipping container code), the SSCC-18 (Serial Shipping Container Codes), Interleaved 2-of-5 and UCC/EAN-128 (newly designated GS1-128) bar code symbologies, and ANSI ASC X12 and UN/EDIFACT EDI standards.
Alternatively, development of a package (or component) can be a separate process, but must be linked closely with the product to be packaged.
Package design starts with the identification of all the requirements: structural design, marketing, shelf life, quality assurance, logistics, legal, regulatory, graphic design, end-use, environmental, etc.
The design criteria, performance (specified by package testing), completion time targets, resources, and cost constraints need to be established and agreed upon.
When the distribution system includes individual shipments by a small parcel carrier, the sorting, handling, and mixed stacking make severe demands on the strength and protective ability of the transport package.
If the logistics system consists of uniform palletized unit loads, the structural design of the package can be designed to meet those specific needs, such as vertical stacking for a longer time frame.
Packaging engineers need to verify that the completed package will keep the product safe for its intended shelf life with normal usage.
Packaging processes, labeling, distribution, and sale need to be validated to assure that they comply with regulations that have the well being of the consumer in mind.
For example, regulations for an over-the-counter drug might require the package to be tamper-evident and child resistant: These intentionally make the package difficult to open.
Package design may take place within a company or with various degrees of external packaging engineering: independent contractors, consultants, vendor evaluations, independent laboratories, contract packagers, total outsourcing, etc.
Some sort of formal project planning and project management methodology is required for all but the simplest package design and development programs.
An effective quality management system and Verification and Validation protocols are mandatory for some types of packaging and recommended for all.
which considers the material and energy inputs and outputs to the package, the packaged product (contents), the packaging process, the logistics system, waste management, etc.
Sustainability is the fastest-growing driver for packaging development, particularly for packaging manufacturers that work with the world's leading brands, as their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) targets often exceed those of the EU Directive.
Choosing packaging machinery includes an assessment of technical capabilities, labor requirements, worker safety, maintainability, serviceability, reliability, ability to integrate into the packaging line, capital cost, floorspace, flexibility (change-over, materials, multiple products, etc.
The performance has since been made available as a stand-alone live album on digital download and streaming services such as iTunes and Amazon.
The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok is an American Western television series which ran for eight seasons from 1951 through 1958.
The Screen Gems series began in syndication, but ran on CBS from 1955 through 1958, and, at the same time, on ABC from 1957 through 1958.
They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III.
Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities between 10 and a few thousand times that of the Sun.
A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf no matter how large and luminous it is.
A star becomes a giant after all the hydrogen available for fusion at its core has been depleted and, as a result, leaves the main sequence.
For a star with a mass above about 0.25 solar masses (), once the core is depleted of hydrogen it contracts and heats up so that hydrogen starts to fuse in a shell around the core.
The portion of the star outside the shell expands and cools, but with only a small increase in luminosity, and the star becomes a subgiant.
The inert helium core continues to grow and increase in temperature as it accretes helium from the shell, but in stars up to about it does not become hot enough to start helium burning (higher-mass stars are supergiants and evolve differently).
This causes the outer layers to expand even further and generates a strong convective zone that brings heavy elements to the surface in a process called the first dredge-up.
This strong convection also increases the transport of energy to the surface, the luminosity increases dramatically, and the star moves onto the red-giant branch where it will stably burn hydrogen in a shell for a substantial fraction of its entire life (roughly 10% for a Sun-like star).
The core continues to gain mass, contract, and increase in temperature, whereas there is some mass loss in the outer layers.
If the star's mass, when on the main sequence, was below approximately , it will never reach the central temperatures necessary to fuse helium.
It will therefore remain a hydrogen-fusing red giant until it runs out of hydrogen, at which point it will become a helium white dwarf.
According to stellar evolution theory, no star of such low mass can have evolved to that stage within the age of the Universe.
In stars above about the core temperature eventually reaches 10 K and helium will begin to fuse to carbon and oxygen in the core by the triple-alpha process.
When the core is degenerate helium fusion begins explosively, but most of the energy goes into lifting the degeneracy and the core becomes convective.
The overall luminosity of the star decreases, its outer envelope contracts again, and the star moves from the red-giant branch to the horizontal branch.
When the core helium is exhausted, a star with up to about has a carbon–oxygen core that becomes degenerate and starts helium burning in a shell.
As with the earlier collapse of the helium core, this starts convection in the outer layers, triggers a second dredge-up, and causes a dramatic increase in size and luminosity.
This is the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) analogous to the red-giant branch but more luminous, with a hydrogen-burning shell contributing most of the energy.
Stars only remain on the AGB for around a million years, becoming increasingly unstable until they exhaust their fuel, go through a planetary nebula phase, and then become a carbon–oxygen white dwarf.
Main-sequence stars with masses above about are already very luminous and they move horizontally across the HR diagram when they leave the main sequence, briefly becoming blue giants before they expand further into blue supergiants.
They start core-helium burning before the core becomes degenerate and develop smoothly into red supergiants without a strong increase in luminosity.
At this stage they have comparable luminosities to bright AGB stars although they have much higher masses, but will further increase in luminosity as they burn heavier elements and eventually become a supernova.
They largely follow the tracks of lighter stars through RGB, HB, and AGB phases, but are massive enough to initiate core carbon burning and even some neon burning.
The giant phase for such stars is a brief phase of slightly increased size and luminosity before developing a supergiant spectral luminosity class.
The most massive stars develop giant or supergiant spectral features while still burning hydrogen in their cores, due to mixing of heavy elements to the surface and high luminosity which produces a powerful stellar wind and causes the star's atmosphere to expand.
For most of their lifetimes, such stars have their interior thoroughly mixed by convection and so they can continue fusing hydrogen for a time in excess of 10 years, much longer than the current age of the Universe.
Eventually they do develop a radiative core, subsequently exhausting hydrogen in the core and burning hydrogen in a shell surrounding the core.
Although some subgiants are simply over-luminous main-sequence stars due to chemical variation or age, others are a distinct evolutionary track towards true giants.
Another luminosity class is the bright giants (class II), differentiated from normal giants (class III) simply by being a little larger and more luminous.
Within any giant luminosity class, the cooler stars of spectral class K, M, S, and C, (and sometimes some G-type stars) are called red giants.
Red giants include stars in a number of distinct evolutionary phases of their lives: a main red-giant branch (RGB); a red horizontal branch or red clump; the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), although AGB stars are often large enough and luminous enough to get classified as supergiants; and sometimes other large cool stars such as immediate post-AGB stars.
The RGB stars are by far the most common type of giant star due to their moderate mass, relatively long stable lives, and luminosity.
They are the most obvious grouping of stars after the main sequence on most HR diagrams, although white dwarfs are more numerous but far less luminous.
They are far less numerous than red giants, partly because they only form from stars with somewhat higher masses, and partly because they spend less time in that phase of their lives.
High-luminosity yellow stars are generally unstable, leading to the instability strip on the HR diagram where the majority of stars are pulsating variables.
Yellow giants may be moderate-mass stars evolving for the first time towards the red-giant branch, or they may be more evolved stars on the horizontal branch.
Evolution towards the red-giant branch for the first time is very rapid, whereas stars can spend much longer on the horizontal branch.
The blue giants are a very heterogeneous grouping, ranging from high-mass, high-luminosity stars just leaving the main sequence to low-mass, horizontal-branch stars.
Higher-mass stars leave the main sequence to become blue giants, then bright blue giants, and then blue supergiants, before expanding into red supergiants, although at the very highest masses the giant stage is so brief and narrow that it can hardly be distinguished from a blue supergiant.
Lower-mass, core-helium-burning stars evolve from red giants along the horizontal branch and then back again to the asymptotic giant branch, and depending on mass and metallicity they can become blue giants.
Freedomland U.S.A. (usually called Freedomland) was a short-lived, American history theme park in the Baychester section of the northeastern Bronx, New York City.
Freedomland was built on a tract of marshland owned by the Webb & Knapp development company, of which William Zeckendorf Sr. was the major owner.
The park layout was conceived and built by C. V. Wood, and consisted of over 40 attractions arranged in the shape of a large map of the contiguous United States.
Due to Freedomland's $65 million cost, the park already faced financial issues at the time of its opening, and by the end of the 1961 season, Freedomland was $8 million in debt.
By 1963, further financial issues led the owners to sell off a portion of Freedomland's lot to a pension fund of the Teamsters Union, as well as close off a section of the park.
Even though Freedomland's planners anticipated that the park would eventually be developed into a full-time amusement area, it closed for the last time at the end of the 1964 season.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the site of Freedomland was redeveloped as Co-op City, the world's largest housing cooperative.
Many Freedomland attractions and design features were auctioned or sold to other parks, and many of these rides no longer exist.
Freedomland was conceived and built by C. V. Wood, a Texan who had worked in the planning, construction, and management of Disneyland, which opened in Anaheim, California in 1955.
Wood had conceived of an American-history theme park as early as 1957, in conjunction with Milton Ted Raynor, the International Recreation Corporation (IRC)'s president.
The new theme park would be themed entirely around American history, in a more historically accurate version of the Disneyland layout, which initially included four distinct areas: Adventureland, Tomorrowland, Fantasyland, and Frontierland.
By 1959, a site had been selected: a portion of the holdings of the Webb & Knapp development company, in the northeast Bronx, New York City.
National Development Corporation (NDC), a Webb & Knapp subsidiary, as well as Freedomland Inc., an IRC subsidiary, were created to operate and manage the theme park.
Under the terms of the lease agreement, the park was to pay an annual rent of $600,000 for the first five years, $750,000 for the next ten years, and $1 million thereafter.
The ceremony featured a helicopter ride over the premises for the park's backers, a specially reserved subway train to take people to the ceremony; it was only attended by 19 people, excluding sponsors and performers.
Over the next months, more than 2,000 workers were hired, mostly by the two major contractors, Turner Construction and Aberthaw Construction.
When announced, Freedomland was supposed to be completed in June 1960 at a cost of $15.5 million, which was paid for through Freedomland Inc's stock issues.
The final cost was significantly higher, at $65 million; the land was valued at $30 million and the scenery another $33 million.
The first phase, targeting the 10 million people living within of New York City, consisted of daily advertisements in the city's newspapers, radio and TV stations, and subway cars.
On March 24, 1960, six small unfinished buildings were destroyed by fire and were razed; however, this did not affect progress on the rest of the park.
On June 18, 1960, Freedomland was dedicated with 5,000 people in attendance for a ceremony and a special day that raised funds for local youth programs.
To draw more visitors, Freedomland started a second advertising campaign on that day, targeting ten major populated areas within a radius of .
On the first day of operation, people lined up to get into the park two and a half hours before its official 9:00 a.m. opening.
By 2:05 p.m., Freedomland was forced to stop selling tickets due to traffic jams on highways and local roads leading to the park.
Ultimately, the park recorded 61,500 visitors, one-third less than the expected maximum capacity, and closed at 9:00 p.m., three hours before its intended closing.
At the time, Freedomland was described as having an unfinished quality: one security guard was quoted as saying that the drinking functions were non-functional, the restrooms were few and far between, the concessionaires were poorly equipped for operation, and many exhibits were not yet painted or decorated.
The property layout was arranged in the shape of a large map of the contiguous United States and created similar to a movie set.
Of the 16 areas and attractions announced in an August 1959 press release, 12 were operating on opening day, some of which were themed to a completely different time span than in the original plan.
As conceived, the park also focused on history from a narrow time span, between roughly 1850 and 1900, rather than on a larger time span.
The premises included of navigable waterways and lakes, 10,000 newly planted trees, more than 18 restaurants and snack bars, and parking for 7,200 cars for guests and 1,800 for employees.
The programs were designed to be interactive: for instance, children were enlisted to participate in fighting a reenacted Great Chicago Fire.
The site had easy access from the rest of the city via the New York City Subway's Pelham Bay Park station.
Furthermore, the presence of several highways, such as the New England Thruway, made the site accessible from the surrounding metropolitan area, whose population exceeded 10 million.
Express bus service was provided from Manhattan, as well as to the Pelham Bay Park and Gun Hill Road subway stations.
General manager Frederich V. Schumacher hoped that Freedomland would be as large a New York City icon as Central Park or the Statue of Liberty.
However, although optimistic projections called for up to 5 million visitors a year, Freedomland would have needed to see two million visitors in its first season in order to break even.
Toward the end of the season, first-year visitation projections were decreased by two-thirds, from 4.8 million to 1.7 million; the park ultimately saw 1.5 million visitors, a statistic that was never surpassed in subsequent seasons.
For the 1960 operating season, Freedomland was open seven days a week until September 18, when its operating hours were cut to weekends only for the rest of the season.
On August 28, 1960, three armed men stole the day's receipts of over $28,000, though the thieves were caught soon after and most of the money was recovered.
On June 25, 1960, days after the grand opening, a horse-drawn stagecoach overturned in the Great Plains section of the park and injured 10 people.
These patron lawsuits, as well as additional lawsuits from contractors (including a $3.6 million suit from Turner Construction) left the park in debt.
Webb & Knapp bought a 40% share in the project, only for the stock to drop by almost two-thirds, from $17.50 to $6.25 a share.
Zeckendorf Sr. hired Art K. Moss, a marketing expert who cut costs by decreasing the $150,000 weekly payroll by 20% and forbidding employees from collecting overtime.
At the end of the 1960 season, park operators initially predicted that the park would reopen in May 1961, though the reopening date was later pushed back to June.
This led the IRC to propose that Zeckendorf sell the leaseholds on several Manhattan hotels to Freedomland Inc. in exchange for a $16.35 million mortgage note.
To entice visitors, Freedomland started to add more traditional amusement rides, such as the Moon Bowl dance floor, as well as expanded its schedule of performances.
The park still had a myriad of issues: for instance, to satiate employees' demands for pay raises, the security budget was decreased, which resulted in people sneaking into the park without an admission ticket.
To combat the park's declining reputation, Moss announced that taxicab drivers of New York City and their families would be able to enter Freedomland for free.
The 1962 season started on May 27 of that year; it was open weekends only for the first month, expanding its schedule to seven days a week in late June.
It appeared to be doing well economically: after starting a radio campaign, had laid off 700 of its 3,000 workers during that season.
The changes also resulted in a lawsuit: on September 5, 1962, Benjamin Moore, a paint company that sponsored an exhibit in Satellite City, unsuccessfully sued Freedomland for $150,000 in damages.
Concessionaires also started complaining of high rents, which had increased to , a price that many vendors could not pay with their low profits.
The 1963 season started in April 21 of that year, at which point it was open weekends only until that June.
By that time, the themes of the amusements and events had little to do with history in general, let alone American history.
The park also saw the addition of the Meteor single-rail coaster, bumper cars, side shows, a wax display, and a reconstructed carousel from the Dentzel Carousel Company.
In December 1963, Zeckendorf sold a portion of Freedomland's property to a pension fund of the Teamsters Union, which made a mortgage loan of $25 million to the park in December of that year, thus resolving its short-term debt.
During July, the IRC acquired the controlling interest in Freedomland Inc., and National Development Corporation president Hyman Green had bought the controlling interest from Zeckendorf.
The transactions were intended to relieve Webb & Knapp of its large debt, which it had incurred after writing off $17.9 million in investments in IRC and Freedomland Inc the previous year.
Toward the end of the 1964 operating season, Freedomland had only collected $738,000 in admissions, but was still expected to reopen the following year.
At the time, Freedomland Inc's liabilities were $27.041 million and its assets were $9.741 million, meaning that its equity was negative $17.3 million.
Freedomland Inc. had never earned a net profit in each of its five operating seasons, but with a downsize to , Freedomland estimated that it could possibly earn a $25,000 profit if it were to reopen in 1965.
At the time, the traditional New York City amusement area of Coney Island was also in a state of decline: its last integrated amusement park, Steeplechase Park, had also shuttered for the last time in 1964.
Disneyland had seen 6 million guests in all of 1964, while Freedomland was only open for three months a year, and thus could only potentially see about a quarter of that visitation amount.
A third factor was the weak sense of identity in Freedomland, as people wishing for more traditional attractions could go to other places like Coney Island or Rye Playland.
The NDC sold the property to the United Housing Foundation, which in February 1965 announced plans for the residential Co-op City development, the world's largest housing cooperative, on the site.
During the late 1960s, Co-op City was constructed on Freedomland's parking lot and the Little Old New York and Satellite City areas of the park.
Bay Plaza Shopping Center was constructed about 10 years later on the land that featured the additional five themed areas of the park.
Furthermore, most of the attractions were themed on the American frontier, a factor influenced by Wood's and Raynor's respective upbringings in Texas and Chicago, as well as Zeckendorf's grandfather's adventures in Arizona Territory.
A small portion of the former park site, at the northeast corner of Bartow and Baychester Avenues, remains zoned as a C7 district.
The zoning district is a holdover from Freedomland's operation, Due to its C7 zoning, the lot lacked any restrictions for the surface areas of signs located within its limits, but following a 2019 controversy involving a tall billboard on the lot, Co-op City residents proposed changing the lot's zoning to a standard commercial use.
That way, if someone at the printing plant notices a problem with the printing of a certain stamp, the plate number can be used to locate the proper plate or cylinder so the problem can be investigated.
In some cases, for instance the Penny Reds of Great Britain and modern United States plate number coils, the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves, but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet, sometimes alongside the name of the printer.
On coil stamps (stamps issued in a long band of single stamps with the edges imperforate) a plate number sometimes is printed on the margin of a stamp, which collectors refer to as a plate number coil.
Mint plate number coil stamps are most often collected as strips of three or five with the stamp with the plate number at the center of the strip.
Until the late 1960s, United States stamps included two rows of stamps attached to one another in a block of four or more, with printing information, including the printing plate number, on attached margin paper.
Then plate block collecting changed in the US due to the addition of up to eight multi-digit numbers which represented different colors used to print the stamps.
The usual practice in plate block collecting varies by country and era; the classic 20th century US plate block consisted of a 2 x 3 block in the middle top, bottom and/or sides of the sheet for flat plate issues (a 2 x 2 block in the corner of the sheet for rotary press issues).
Ambitious collectors will seek to own blocks displaying every known plate number for the stamp; specialized stamp catalogs will list these.
They may also collect all of the block positions, such as the numbers of each corner that exist after a large sheet is quartered.
At the direction of Her Majesty's Government an advanced group of Royal Naval vessels began to steam towards Ascension Island on 5 April 1982, a territory that would play a strategic part during Operation Corporate.
On 16 May 1982 the Group joined the large Amphibious Group centred on and , and on 18 May 1982 the Group met up with the Carrier Battle Group.
Neither exploded, although one killed two sailors, Able Seaman Iain M. Boldy and Able Seaman Matthew J. Stuart, when it entered the ship's Sea Cat missile magazine, detonating two missiles, and the other did severe damage in the boiler room, knocking out the ship's power and leaving her dead in the water.
This was very risky work, as demonstrated on 24 May when sank after an unexploded bomb detonated whilst a British Army bomb-disposal team was attempting to defuse it.
Karin Månsdotter (in English Catherine; 6 November 1550 – 13 September 1612) was first a mistress of King Eric XIV and then briefly Queen of Sweden as his consort.
The position seems to have been quite official, as she was given expensive clothes and appeared with him openly at court, and was given her own apartment and servants.
Thus, she could be regarded as the first official royal mistress in Sweden, although only Hedvig Taube otherwise is considered an official royal mistress in Sweden.
In the summer of 1565, she belonged to the king’s retinue to Skara, where she was provided for from the baliff’s provision for the warfaring army, which was otherwise reserved for the army, and illustrates her new status.
The royal accounts states that she was given a new and expensive wardrobe and her own staff, among them her own former employer: Karin, the wife of Gert Cantor.
Before this, the king had several mistresses in parallel, such as Agda Persdotter and Doredi Valentinsdotter, but when Karin entered his life, he dismissed them all.
After she became royal mistress, he managed to get into the palace, where he was discovered by Carl the manservant and taken to the king, who had him killed.
Karin Månsdotter's portrait was done only in her husband's scribbled drawings in captivity and in a latter-day bust at her grave (a portrait long believed to be of her has been discovered to be of her sister-in-law).
She was described as very beautiful with long blond hair and innocent eyes, and her personality seems to have been calm, humble and natural.
The king was mentally unstable, and she seems to have been the only one who could comfort him and calm him down, which made her appreciated by his relatives, who considered her good for him.
She had no personal enemies at court, but she was not respected, and their marriage in 1568 was considered a scandal and may have contributed to his dethronement.
Sometime in 1567, Eric decided to marry Karin in accordance to the agreement he made with the council in 1561, in which he had been promised to marry whom he pleased.
His plans was supported by his advisor Jöran Persson, as the foreign negotiations had failed and a native aristocrat as queen would have threatened Persson’s position.
Karin is reported to have been a good friend of Persson's wife Anna Andersdotter, who apparently often accompanied her on her travels between the different royal palaces.
Her contemporaries, specially the nobles at court, early used her to appeal to Eric on their behalf, and it seems as she did her best to do so, which is illustrated in the Sture Murders in Uppsala 1567, which could perhaps describe the form of her influence on Eric.
Later the same morning, the king visited Svante Sture in prison, fell on his knees before him and begged for his friendship.
Karin Månsdotter donated to the sisters of Vadstena Abbey on three occasions between 1566 and 1568, and it is noted that her largest donation was made during Eric's sickness in 1567.
Eric XIV married Karin morganatically in 1567, and officially in 1568, when she was ennobled and crowned queen under the name Katarina Magnusdotter (a formal version of her name).
The wife of Eric's advisor Jöran Persson, Anna Andersdotter, a close friend of Karin, was accused of having spread the rumours and sentenced for slander, but was pardoned on request by Karin herself.
Eric is reported to have plans to have his brothers and other enemies killed before the wedding, but they were to have been warned of these plans by Karin Månsdotter through queen dowager Catherine Stenbock.
Karin Månsdotter was walked to the altar by the king's cousin Per Brahe under a banner of golden textile carried by four nobles.
Karin's peasant relatives, her three maternal uncles from Uppland, Hans Jakobsson, Jakob Jakobsson and Erik Nilsson, were present dressed in clothes made for them by the royal tailor.
During the coronation, the Lord Chancellor Nils Gyllenstierna, who was carrying the crown, fainted and dropped the crown to the floor.
Karin was imprisoned with Eric at first at the Royal Palace of Stockholm, and then at Castle of Turku (1570–71), at Kastelholm Castle in Åland, at Gripsholm Castle (1571–73) and Västerås Castle (1573).
Shortly after they were imprisoned, their children were placed in the care of Queen Dowager Catherine Stenbock and their French governess Johanna (Jeanne) de Herboville, but were reunited with their parents in 1570.
In the summer of 1569, an attempt to free the prisoners and restore Eric to his throne was made by a group of conspirators led by Karin's head lady-in-waiting, Elin Andersdotter, and Karin's personal secretary Thomas Jakobsson.
Eric was involved in the plans, but it is not mentioned in the documents if Karin was, although the leading conspirators were in her employment.
It is known that Eric was on at least three occasions physically abused by his keeper, but it is not thought that this happened in the presence of Karin.
Queen Karin and her children were separated from her husband the 14 June 1573 to prevent the birth of any more legitimate offspring.
Karin and her children were taken to the Castle of Turku (Åbo) in Finland where she remained under house arrest until the death of her husband four years later.
In 1575, her son was taken from her and sent to Poland to be placed under the care of the Jesuits, but she was allowed to keep her daughter.
She was treated with kindness and given the royal estate Liuksiala Manor in Kangasala, Finland, where she lived the rest of her life.
In 1587, her daughter Sigrid was appointed lady-in-waiting to the new king's daughter, Princess Anna of Finland, who followed her brother King Sigismund to Warsaw where he had been elected king.
He was now a Catholic, had forgotten her and they could not speak to each other because he had forgotten the Swedish language, the only language Karin was able to speak; she could identify him only by his birthmarks.
She tried to help him financially, and for the rest of her life, tried to get permission for him to return to Sweden, but never saw him again.
Karin became respected and liked in Finland; during the great peasant rebellion Cudgel War in 1596–97, the rebels refrained from plundering her estate.
She was also successful in managing the affairs of the estate; in 1587, Liuksiala Manor was one of the most lucrative estates in Finland, and in 1599 it became the second most lucrative.
Her daughter, whose spouse had been loyal to King Sigismund, was forced to flee from Charles IX to Riga in 1598, but when she returned in 1603, Karin gave her refuge.
In August 1605, Charles IX gave instructions that Karin and her niece (her sister's daughter, who was apparently staying with her) should be moved to Stockholm.
It is not known why, but it may have been because of the political situation in Russia, where her son was a participant.
In 1606, Karin asked Charles for permission to free her tenants from the royal taxes so she could use their tax money to buy the freedom of her son, who was at the time a prisoner in Russia, but the king refused.
Although three Queens of Sweden in her same century were not of royal blood, but noblewomen, Karin Månsdotter was the only one before Silvia (1976) who was a commoner — not counting Queen Desideria, who although born a commoner became Princess of Ponte Corvo four years before becoming Swedish royalty.
He came to the United States in 1969 to continue his studies in civil engineering and earn his master's degree from the University of Cincinnati.
He then went on to earn his doctorate earned his doctorate in civil engineering in 1973 from the University of Michigan.
Papadakis served as head of the civil engineering department at Colorado State University and then dean of University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering prior to 1995.
He was appointed President of Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1995 and held that position until his death in 2009.
Papadakis died at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from pulmonary complications due to pneumonia on April 5, 2009 after battling lung cancer for months.
In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on the purpose and function of the building.
This principle is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession, particularly in regard to modern architecture, as it is less self-evident than it first appears.
The theoretical articulation of functionalism in buildings can be traced back to the Vitruvian triad, where 'utilitas' (variously translated as 'commodity', 'convenience', or 'utility') stands alongside 'firmitas' (firmness) and 'venustas' (beauty) as one of three classic goals of architecture.
The debate about functionalism and aesthetics is often framed as a mutually exclusive choice, when in fact there are architects, like Will Bruder, James Polshek and Ken Yeang, who attempt to satisfy all three Vitruvian goals.
The ideas were largely inspired by the need to build a new and better world for the people, as broadly and strongly expressed by the social and political movements of Europe after the extremely devastating world war.
A new slight addition to this new wave of functionalism was that not only should buildings and houses be designed around the purpose of functionality, architecture should also be used as a means to physically create a better world and a better life for people in the broadest sense.
This new functionalist architecture had the strongest impact in Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, the USSR and the Netherlands, and from the 1930s also in Scandinavia and Finland.
However, this aphorism does not relate to a contemporary understanding of the term ‘function’ as utility or the satisfaction of user needs; it was instead based in metaphysics, as the expression of organic essence and could be paraphrased as meaning 'destiny'.
It became a pejorative term associated with the baldest and most brutal ways to cover space, like cheap commercial buildings and sheds, then finally used, for example in academic criticism of Buckminster Fuller's geodesic domes, simply as a synonym for 'gauche'.
For 70 years the influential American architect Philip Johnson held that the profession has no functional responsibility whatsoever, and this is one of the many views today.
Popular notions of modern architecture are heavily influenced by the work of the Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier and the German architect Mies van der Rohe.
In 1923 Mies van der Rohe was working in Weimar Germany, and had begun his career of producing radically simplified, lovingly detailed structures that achieved Sullivan's goal of inherent architectural beauty.
The former Czechoslovakia was an early adopter of the functionalist style, with notable examples such as Villa Tugendhat in Brno, designed by Mies van der Rohe in 1928, Villa Müller in Prague, designed by Adolf Loos in 1930, and the majority of the town of Zlin, developed by the Bata shoe company as a factory town in the 1920s and designed by Le Corbusier's student František Lydie Gahura.
Numerous villas, apartment buildings and interiors, factories, office blocks and department stores can be found in the functionalist style throughout the country, which industrialised rapidly in the early 20th century while embracing the Bauhaus-style architecture that was emerging concurrently in Germany.
Large urban extensions to Brno in particular contain numerous apartment buildings in the functionalist style, while the domestic interiors of Adolf Loos in Plzeň are also notable for their application of functionalist principles.
In Scandinavia (including Finland), the international movement and ideas of modernist architecture became widely known among architects at the 1930 Stockholm Exhibition, under the guidance of director and Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund.
Some of the common features are flat roofing, stuccoed walls, architectural glazing and well-lit rooms, an industrial expression and nautical-inspired details, including round windows.
The global stock market crisis and economic meltdown in 1929, instigated the needs to use affordable materials, such as brick and concrete, and to build quickly and efficiently.
These needs became another signature of the Nordic version of functionalist architecture, in particular in buildings from the 1930s, and carried over into modernist architecture when industrial serial production became much more prevalent after World War II.
As most architectural styles, Nordic funkis was international in its scope and several architects designed Nordic funkis buildings throughout the region.
Nordic funkis features prominently in Scandinavian urban architecture, as the need for urban housing and new institutions for the growing welfare states exploded after World War II.
Møller were among the most active and influential Danish architects of the new functionalist ideas and Arne Jacobsen, Poul Kjærholm, Kaare Klint, and others, extended the new approach to design in general, most notably furniture which evolved to become Danish modern.
Some Danish designers and artists who did not work as architects are sometimes also included in the Danish functionalist movement, such as Finn Juhl, Louis Poulsen and Poul Henningsen.
Many residential buildings only included some signature funkis elements such as round windows, corner windows or architectural glazing to signal modernity while not provoking conservative traditionalists too much.
Some of the most prolific and notable architects in Finland, working in the funkis style, includes Alvar Aalto and Erik Bryggman who were both engaged from the very start in the 1930s.
Many of the first buildings in the funkis style were industrial structures, institutions and offices but spread to other kinds of structures such as residential buildings, individual housing and churches.
The functionalist design also spread to interior designs and furniture as exemplified by the iconic Paimio Sanatorium, designed in 1929 and built in 1933.
This technique became a cornerstone of later developments in modernist architecture after World War II, especially in the 1950s and 1960s.
Interbellum avant-garde Polish architects in the years 1918-1939 made a notable impact in the legacy of European modern architecture and functionalism.
A lot of Polish architects were fascinated by Le Corbusier like his Polish student Jerzy Sołtan and his coworkers Helena Syrkus, Roman Piotrowski and Maciej Nowicki.
Only a few years after the construction of Rietveld Schröder House, Polish architect Stanisław Brukalski built his own house in Warsaw in 1929 supposedly inspired by Schröder House he had visited.
Just before the Second World War, it was fashionable to build in Poland a lot of large districts of luxury houses in neighbourhoods full of greenery for wealthy Poles like, for example, district Saska Kępa in Warsaw or district Kamienna Góra in seaport Gdynia.
In Russia and the former Soviet Union, functionalism was known as Constructivist architecture, and was the dominant style for major building projects between 1918 and 1932.
Encompassing more than 500 buildings, it remains the largest coherent functionalistic villa area in Sweden and possibly the world, still well-preserved more than a half-century after its construction 1933–40 and protected as a national cultural heritage.
In that time the city was a headquarters of Bata Shoes company and Tomáš Baťa initiated a complex reconstruction of the city which was inspired by functionalism and the Garden city movement.
Hence the same building materials (red bricks, glass, reinforced concrete) were used for the construction of all public (and most private) edifices.
The simplicity of its buildings which also translated into its functional adaptability was to prescribe (and also react to) the needs of everyday life.
Khrushchyovka () is an unofficial name of type of low-cost, concrete-paneled or brick three- to five-storied apartment building which was developed in the Soviet Union during the early 1960s, during the time its namesake Nikita Khrushchev directed the Soviet government.
At the residential scale, designers like Christopher Tunnard, James Rose, and Garrett Eckbo advocated a design philosophy based on the creation of spaces for outdoor living and the integration of house and garden.
At a larger scale, the German landscape architect and planner Leberecht Migge advocated the use of edible gardens in social housing projects as a way to counteract hunger and increase self-sufficiency of families.
At a still larger scale, the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne advocated for urban design strategies based on human proportions and in support of four functions of human settlement: housing, work, play, and transport.
It is surrounded by Bamyan Province in the northeast, Ghazni Province in the southeast, Urozgan Province in the south, Helmand Province in the southwest, and Ghor Province in the northwest.
Daykundi was established on March 28, 2004, when it was created from the isolated Hazara-dominated northern districts of neighboring Oruzgan province.
While the Government of Afghanistan, NGOs, the United Nations, and NATO's ISAF forces have had little involvement in reconstruction in the province, there have been some initiatives.
Following heavy rainfall and flooding in February 2007 the United Nations Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA) opened a sub-office in the province and Oxfam, one of the few NGOs operating in the province, described UNAMA's input into coordinating flood relief as impressive.
In November 2007 a World Food Programme convoy carrying mixed food aid was forced to abandon its mission due to security concerns and Afghanistan's Interior Ministry confirmed that Taliban insurgents had infiltrated the southern district of Kajran in a bid to destabilise the province.
In the meantime, a rebel leader along with his 150 fighters joined the government-initiated peace drive in Nili, capital of Daikundi province.
Sargent and Greenleaf, more commonly known among Safe and Vault technician circles as S&G, is a U.S. company that manufactures combination locks, key-operated safe and safe deposit box locks, high security military padlocks, and associated equipment.
A propfan, also called an open rotor engine, or unducted fan, is a type of aircraft engine related in concept to both the turboprop and turbofan, but distinct from both.
A propfan is typically designed with a large number of short, highly twisted blades, similar to a turbofan's bypass compressor (the fan itself).
In 1982, the weekly aviation magazine Flight International defined the propfan as a propeller with 8–10 highly swept blades that cruised at a speed of , although its definition evolved a few years later with the emergence of contra-rotating propfans.
The engine uses a gas turbine to drive an unshrouded (open) contra-rotating propeller like a turboprop, but the design of the propeller itself is more tightly coupled to the turbine design, and the two are certified as a single unit.
El-Sayed differentiates between turboprops and propfans according to 11 different criteria, including number of blades, blade shape, tip speed, bypass ratio, Mach number, and cruise altitude.
About a decade after German aerospace engineers began exploring the idea of using swept wings to reduce drag on transonic speed aircraft, Hamilton Standard in the 1940s attempted to apply a similar concept to engine propellers.
It created highly swept propeller blades with supersonic tip speeds, so that engines with exposed propellers could power aircraft to speeds and cruising altitudes only attained by new turbojet and turbofan engines.
Early tests of these blades revealed then-unresolvable blade flutter and blade stress problems, and high noise levels were considered another obstacle.
The popularity of turbojets and turbofans curtailed research in propellers, but by the 1960s, interest increased when studies showed that an exposed propeller driven by a gas turbine could power an airliner flying at a speed of Mach 0.7–0.8 and at an altitude of .
One of the earliest engines that resembled the propfan concept was the Metrovick F.5, which featured twin contra-rotating fans—14 blades in the fore (front) fan and 12 blades in the aft (back) fan—at the rear of the engine and was first run in 1946.
There were other contra-rotating propeller engines that featured on common aircraft, such as the four powerful Kuznetsov NK-12 engines (each powering its own set of coaxial contra-rotating propellers) on the Soviet Union's Tupolev Tu-95 Bear high-speed military bomber and Antonov An-22 military transport aircraft, and the Armstrong Siddeley Double Mamba (ASMD) engines (both connected to a lone set of coaxial contra-rotating propellers) on the British Fairey Gannet anti-submarine aircraft.
When the 1973 oil crisis caused the petroleum price spikes in the early 1970s, interest in propfans soared, and NASA-funded research began to accelerate.
The propfan concept was outlined by Carl Rohrbach and Bruce Metzger of the Hamilton Standard division of United Technologies in 1975 and was patented by Rohrbach and Robert Cornell of Hamilton Standard in 1979.
Later work by General Electric on similar propulsors was done under the name unducted fan, which was a modified turbofan engine, with the fan placed outside the engine nacelle on the same axis as the compressor blades.
Since the blades bend and deflect with higher power loading and centrifugal force, the initial designs needed to be based on the in-motion shape.
With the help of computers, the blade designers would then work backward to find the optimal unloaded shape for manufacturing purposes.
This testing led to the Propfan Test Assessment (PTA) program, where Lockheed-Georgia proposed modifying a Gulfstream II to act as in-flight testbed for the propfan concept, while McDonnell Douglas proposed modifying a DC-9 for the same purpose.
NASA chose the Lockheed proposal, where the aircraft had a nacelle added to the left wing, containing a Allison 570 turboprop engine (derived from the XT701 turboshaft developed for the Boeing Vertol XCH-62 heavy lift helicopter).
The test engine, which was named the Allison 501-M78, had a thrust rating of about , and it was first operated in flight on March 28, 1987.
The extensive test program, which cost about $56 million, racked up 73 flights and over 133 hours of flight time before finishing on March 25, 1988, although most of the flight testing was done in 1987.
In 1989, however, the testbed aircraft returned to the air from April 3 through April 14 to measure ground noise levels during en-route flying.
The GE36 Unducted Fan (UDF), from the American engine maker General Electric (GE) with 35-percent participation from French partner Snecma (now Safran), was a variation on the original propfan concept and resembled a pusher configuration piston engine.
One set of turbine rotors drove the forward set of propellers, while the rear set was driven by the other set of rotors which rotated in the opposite direction.
Airframers, who had been wary of issue-prone gearboxes since the 1950s, liked GE's gearless version of the propfan: Boeing intended to offer GE's pusher UDF engine on the 7J7 platform (which would have had a cruise speed of Mach 0.83), and McDonnell Douglas was going to do likewise on their MD-94X airliner.
The GE36 UDF for the 7J7 was planned to have a thrust of , but GE claimed that in general its UDF concept could cover a thrust range of , so a UDF engine could possibly match or surpass the thrust of the CF6, GE's family of widebody engines at that time.
McDonnell Douglas developed a proof-of-concept aircraft by modifying its company-owned MD-80, which is suited for propfans due to its aft fuselage-mounted engines (like its DC-9 ancestor), in preparation for the possible propfan-powered MD-91 and MD-92 derivatives and a possible MD-94X clean-sheet aircraft.
Test flights began in May 1987, initially out of Mojave, California, which proved the airworthiness, aerodynamic characteristics, and noise signature of the design.
Following the initial tests, a first-class cabin was installed inside the aft fuselage and airline executives were offered the opportunity to experience the UDF-powered aircraft first-hand.
The test and marketing flights of the GE-outfitted demonstrator aircraft concluded in 1988, exhibiting a 30% reduction in fuel consumption over turbo-fan powered MD-80, full Stage 3 noise compliance, and low levels of interior noise/vibration.
The GE36 would have the same thrust on the MD-92X, but the same engine would be derated to thrust for the smaller MD-91X.
The MD-80 was also successfully flight tested in April 1989 with the 578-DX propfan, which was a prototype from the Allison Engine Company (a division of General Motors) that was also derived from the Allison XT701 and built with Hamilton Standard propellers.
Unlike the competing GE36 UDF, the 578-DX was fairly conventional, having a reduction gearbox between the LP turbine and the propfan blades.
None of these projects came to fruition, however, mainly because of excessive cabin noise (compared to turbofans) and low fuel prices.
For General Electric, the GE36 UDF was meant to replace the CFM56 high-bypass turbofan that it produced with equal partner Snecma in their CFM International joint venture, as in the 1980s the engine was initially uncompetitive against the International Aero Engines rival offering, the IAE V2500.
General Electric did add the UDF's blade technology directly into the GE90, the most powerful jet engine ever produced, for the Boeing 777.
At the beginning of the 1990s, the Soviet Union/Russia performed flight tests on the Progress D-236, a geared contra-rotating propfan engine based on the core of the Progress D-36 turbofan, with eight blades on the front propeller and six blades on the back propeller.
One testbed was a propfan mounted to an Ilyushin Il-76 and flown to the Hannover ILA 90 airshow, which was intended for an unidentified four-propfan aircraft.
The other testbed was a , mounted to a Yakovlev Yak-42E-LL and flown to the 1991 Paris Air Show, as a demonstration for the planned Yak-46 aircraft with twin propfan engines, which in its base 150-seat version would have a range of and cruise at a speed of (Mach 0.75).
The Soviets claimed the D-236 had a true aerodynamic efficiency of 28 percent and a fuel savings of 30 percent over an equivalent turboprop.
Like the Progress D-236, the more powerful Progress D-27 propfan engine is a contra-rotating propfan with eight front blades and six back blades, but the D-27 has advanced composite blades with a reduced thickness-to-chord ratio and a more pronounced curvature at the leading edge.
Two rear-mounted D-27 propfans propelled the Ukrainian Antonov An-180, which was scheduled for a 1995 first flight and a 1997 entry into service.
In January 1994, Antonov rolled out the first prototype of the An-70 military transport aircraft, powered by four Progress D-27s attached to wings mounted to the top of the fuselage.
However, since the propeller component of the Progress D-27 is made by Russia's SPE Aerosila, the An-70 cannot be built because of Ukraine's political conflict with Russia.
Instead, Antonov began working with Turkey in 2018 to redevelop the An-70 as the rebranded An-77, so that the aircraft can comply with modern-day requirements without Russian supplier participation.
In the first decade of the 21st century, jet fuel prices began to rise again, and there was increased emphasis on engine/airframe efficiency to reduce emissions, which renewed interest in the propfan concept for jetliners that might come into service beyond the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350XWB.
While Rolls-Royce was lukewarm on propfan technology in the 1980s (although it had the rear (pusher) configured RB.509-11 and front (tractor) configured RB.509-14 geared propfan designs, which produced using the gas generator from its XG-40 engine with of shaft power), it had now developed an open rotor engine design that was thought to be a finalist for the new Irkut MS-21 narrowbody aircraft.
The European Commission launched in 2008 an Open Rotor demonstration led by Safran within the Clean Sky program with 65 million euros funding over eight years.
A demonstrator was assembled in 2015, and ground tested in May 2017 on its open-air test rig in Istres, aiming to reduce fuel consumption and associated CO emissions by 30% compared with current CFM56 turbofans.
After the completion of ground testing at the end of 2017, Safran's geared open rotor engine had reached a technology readiness level of TRL 5.
The demonstrator, which is based on the core of the Snecma M88 military fighter engine, uses up to , provides a thrust of about , and would cruise at a speed of Mach 0.75.
Turboprops have an optimum speed below about , because all propellers lose efficiency at high speed, due to an effect known as wave drag that occurs just below supersonic speeds.
This powerful form of drag has a sudden onset, and it led to the concept of a sound barrier when first encountered in the 1940s.
In the case of a propeller, this effect can happen any time the propeller is spun fast enough that the blade tips approach the speed of sound, even if the aircraft is motionless on the ground.
The most effective way to counteract this problem (to some degree) is by adding more blades to the propeller, allowing it to deliver more power at a lower rotational speed.
This is why many World War II fighter designs started with two or three-blade propellers but by the end of the war were using up to five blades; as the engines were upgraded, new propellers were needed to more efficiently convert that power.
The major downside to this approach is that adding blades makes the propeller harder to balance and maintain, and the additional blades cause minor performance penalties due to drag and efficiency issues.
But even with these sorts of measures, eventually the forward speed of the plane combined with the rotational speed of the propeller blade tips (altogether known as the helical tip speed) will again result in wave drag problems.
Since the inside of the propeller is moving slower in the rotational direction than the outside, the blade is progressively more swept back toward the outside, leading to a curved shape similar to a scimitar - a practice that was first used as far back as 1909, in the Chauvière two-bladed wood propeller used on the Blériot XI.
The Hamilton Standard test propfan was swept progressively to a 39-degree maximum at the blade tips, allowing the propfan to produce thrust even though the blades had a helical tip speed of about Mach 1.15.
The blades of the GE36 UDF and the 578-DX have a maximum tip speed in rotation of about , or about half the maximum tip speed for the propeller blades of a conventional turbofan.
That maximum blade tip speed would be kept constant if the engine designer chooses to widen or narrow the propeller diameter (resulting in an RPM reduction or increase, respectively).
Drag can also be reduced by making the blades thinner, which increases the speed that the blades can attain before the air ahead of them becomes compressible and causes shock waves.
For example, the blades of the Hamilton Standard test propfan had a thickness-to-chord ratio that tapered from less than twenty percent at the spinner junction to two percent at the tips, with the ratio being only four percent at mid-span.
Propfan blades had approximately half the thickness-to-chord ratio of the best conventional propeller blades of the era, thinned to razor-like sharpness at their edges, and weighed as little as .
As fuel costs become an increasingly important aspect of commercial aviation, engine designers continue to seek ways to improve aero engine efficiency.
This efficiency came at a price, as one of the major problems with the propfan is noise, particularly in an era where aircraft are required to comply with increasingly strict aircraft noise regulations.
General methods for reducing noise include lowering the blade tip speeds and decreasing the blade loading, or the amount of thrust per unit of blade surface area.
A concept similar to wing loading, blade loading can be reduced by lowering the thrust requirement or by increasing the amount, chord (width), and/or span (length) of the blades.
Some think that propfan engines can potentially cause less of a community impact than turbofan engines, because the rotational speeds of a propfan are lower than that of a turbofan.
In 2007, the Progress D-27 was successfully modified to meet the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Stage 4 regulations, which correspond to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Chapter 4 standards and were adopted in 2006.
The study also projected that at existing technology levels, open rotors would be nine percent more fuel-efficient but remain 10–12 decibels louder than turbofans.
Snecma, however, maintains that open-rotor tests show that its propfan engines would have about the same noise levels as its CFM LEAP turbofan engine, which entered service in 2016.
For example, another study estimated that if propfan engines were used to power a hybrid wing body aircraft instead of a conventional tube-and-wing aircraft, noise levels could be reduced by as much as 38 EPNdB compared to ICAO Chapter 4 requirements.
In 2007, the British budget airline easyJet introduced its ecoJet concept, a 150-250 seat aircraft with V-mounted open rotor engines joined to the rear fuselage and shielded by a U-tail.
A twin-engine aircraft carrying 100-150 passengers would require propfan diameters of , and a propfan with a propeller diameter of would theoretically produce almost of thrust.
These sizes achieve the desired high bypass ratios of over 30, but they are approximately twice the diameter of turbofan engines of equivalent capability.
For this reason, airframers usually design the empennage with a T-tail configuration for aerodynamic purposes, and the propfans may be attached to the upper part of the rear fuselage.
For the Rolls-Royce RB3011 propfan prototype, a pylon of about long would be required to connect the center of each engine to the side of the fuselage.
If the propfans are mounted to the wings, the wings would be attached to the aircraft in a high wing configuration, which allows for ground clearance without requiring excessively long landing gear.
For the same amount of power or thrust produced, an unducted fan requires shorter blades than a geared propfan, although the overall installation issues still apply.
Turboprops and most propfans are rated by the amount of shaft horsepower (shp) that they produce, as opposed to turbofans and the UDF propfan type, which are rated by the amount of thrust they put out.
The rule of thumb is that at sea level with a static engine, is roughly equivalent of thrust, but at cruise altitude, that changes to about thrust.
That means a narrowbody aircraft with two engines can theoretically be replaced with a pair of propfans or with two UDF propfans.
George P. Livanos (9 August 1926 – 1 June 1997) was a Greek shipping magnate born in New Orleans, the son of Peter Livanos from Chios.
He is often confused with his distant cousin, George S. Livanos, the sole son of Stavros G. Livanos, a legend in Greek shipping.
After the end of World War II, Livanos served in the Transportation Corps of the United States Army, first in Japan and then in Korea, where he was a sea captain in Army ships carrying cargo.
After earning a degree in Economics from the University of Athens, he founded his own company, Ceres Hellenic Shipping Enterprises, in 1949.
He also created a shipping company, which pioneered fast ferry services between the Greek Islands, introducing coastal passenger hydrofoils on an extensive network of routes linking the mainland with nearby islands.
Loyalty to his Greek roots prompted Livanos to shun flags of convenience for his vessels, despite the enormous tax advantages that this would have meant.
He was ahead of his time, as he had begun to heed warnings that abuse of the environment could destroy the planet and was involved in the protection of ocean and coastal waters.
Livanos married Fotini Carras, the daughter of the Greek shipowner Yiannis Carras, and had a son, Peter, and a daughter, Marina.
They are widespread across northernmost South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes but also appear in central Brazil.
Most are still spoken but often by only a few hundred speakers; the only one with more than a few thousand is Macushi, which has 30,000.
The Cariban family is well known in the linguistic world partly because Hixkaryana's default word order is object–verb–subject, which had previously not been thought to exist in human language.
Some years prior to the arrival of the first Spanish explorers, Caribs invaded and occupied the Lesser Antilles and killed, displaced or assimilated the Arawaks who had inhabited the islands.
That was because the invading Carib men killed Arawak men and took Arawak wives, who then passed their language on to the children.
As each generation of Carib-Arawak boys reached adulthood, they acquired less Carib until only basic vocabulary and a few grammatical elements were left.
Dominica is the only island in the eastern Caribbean to retain some of its pre-Columbian population, the Carib Indians, about 3,000 of whom live on the island's east coast.
The Cariban languages are closely related, and in many cases where a language is more distinct, this is due to influence from neighboring languages rather than an indication that it is not closely related.
The extinct Patagón de Perico language of northern Peru also appears to have been a Cariban language, perhaps close to Carijona.
As of Gildea (2012), there had not yet been time to fully reclassify the Cariban languages based on the new data.
The list here is therefore tentative, though an improvement over the one above; the most secure branches are listed first, and only two of the extinct languages are addressed.
The Cariban languages share irregular morphology with the Ge and Tupi families, and Ribeiro connects them all in a Je–Tupi–Carib family.
Meira, Gildea, & Hoff (2010) note that likely morphemes in proto-Tupian and proto-Cariban are good candidates for being cognates, but that work so far is insufficient to make definitive statements.
The Apocalypse of Peter (or Revelation of Peter) is an early Christian text of the 2nd century and an example of apocalyptic literature with Hellenistic overtones.
It is not in the Bible, but is mentioned in the Muratorian fragment, the oldest surviving list of New Testament books, which also states it was not allowed to be read in church by others.
The text is extant in two incomplete versions of a lost Greek original, one Koine Greek, and an Ethiopic version, which diverge considerably.
The Ethiopic work is of colossal size and post-conciliar provenance, and therefore in any of its variations it has minimal intertextuality with the Apocalypse of Peter which is known in Greek texts.
The Greek manuscript was unknown until it was discovered during excavations initiated by Gaston Maspéro during the 1886–87 season in a desert necropolis at Akhmim in Upper Egypt.
The fragment consisted of parchment leaves of the Greek version that was claimed to be deposited in the grave of a Christian monk of the 8th or 9th century.
In addition, some common lost source had been necessary to account for closely parallel passages in such apocalyptic Christian literature as the Apocalypse of Esdras, the Apocalypse of Paul, and the Passion of Saint Perpetua.
The Apocalypse of Peter, with its Hellenistic Greek overtones, belongs to the same genre as the Clementine literature that was popular in Alexandria.
Like the Clementine literature, the Apocalypse of Peter was written for an intellectually simple, popular audience and had a wide readership.
The Muratorian fragment, the earliest existing list of canonical sacred writings of the New Testament, which is assigned on internal evidence to the last quarter of the 2nd century (c. 175–200), gives a list of works read in the Christian churches that is similar to the modern accepted canon; however, it also includes the Apocalypse of Peter.
The Apocalypse of Peter is framed as a discourse of the Risen Christ to his faithful, offering a vision first of heaven, and then of hell, granted to Peter.
The punishments in the vision each closely correspond to the past sinful actions in a version of the Jewish notion of an eye for an eye, that the punishment may fit the crime.
In the version of the text in the 3rd century Rainer Fragment, the earliest fragment of the text, Chapter 14 describes the salvation of those condemned sinners for whom the righteous pray.
Although the numerous references to it attest that it was once in wide circulation, the Apocalypse of Peter was ultimately not accepted into the Christian canon.
Additionally, as catalogues of Ethiopic manuscripts continue to be compiled by William MacComber and others, the number of Ethiopic manuscripts of this same work continue to grow.
It is critical to note that this work is of colossal size and post-conciliar provenance, and therefore in any of its recensions it has minimal intertextuality with the Apocalypse of Peter, which is known in Greek texts.
In the first half of the 20th century, Sylvain Grebaut published a French translation, without Ethiopic text, of this monumental work.
A little later, Alfons Mingana published a photomechanical version and English translation of one of the monumental manuscripts in the series Woodbrooke Studies.
That collation, together with collation to some manuscripts of the same name from the Vatican Library, later surfaced in a paper delivered at a conference in the 1990s of the Association pour l'Etudes des Apocryphes Chretiennes.
Of even further interest is that some manuscripts, such as the Vatican Arabo manuscript used in the aforementioned collation, contains no less than three presentations of the same minor apocalypse, about the size of the existing Apocalypse of John, having a great deal of thematic overlap, yet quite distinct textually.
Textual overlaps exist between the material common to certain Messianic-apocalyptic material in the Mingana and Grebaut manuscripts, and material published by Ismail Poonawalla.
Collations of these manuscripts can be daunting, because a plenary manuscript in Arabic or Ethiopic/ Ge'ez is typically about 400 pages long, and in a translation into any modern European language, such a manuscript will come to about 800 pages.
Overall, it may be said of either recension that the text has grown over time, and tended to accrete smaller works.
There is every possibility that the older portions that are in common to all of the major manuscripts will turn out to have recensions in other languages, such as Syriac, Coptic, Church Armenian, or Old Church Slavonic.
The film follows a young man who must take care of his precocious daughter in the midst of a family tragedy.
It was the first film written and directed by Smith not to be set in the View Askewniverse as well as the first not to feature appearances by Jay and Silent Bob, although animated versions of the duo appear in the View Askew logo at the beginning of the film, as well as a still version of the logo at the end.
At $35 million, it is Smith's biggest-budgeted film, and went on to underperform at the box office, grossing just $36 million.
Ollie Trinké (Ben Affleck) is a powerful media publicist in New York City whose wife, Gertie (Jennifer Lopez), dies during childbirth with an aneurysm.
To avoid his grief, he buries himself in his work and ignores his new daughter, Gertie, while his father, Bart (George Carlin), whose own wife died many years earlier, takes a month off from work to take care of her, later returning to work to force his son to live up to his responsibility as a single parent.
Blacklisted by all of New York City's public relations firms, Ollie has to work as a civil servant in the borough where he now lives.
At the video store, they meet Maya (Liv Tyler), a graduate student and one of the clerks, whose uninhibited probing into Ollie's love life almost leads to them having sex.
As part of his job in the borough, Ollie speaks to a group of outraged citizens to win over their approval for a major public works project that will temporarily close a street in the neighborhood.
The prospect of moving back to New York City creates tension among Ollie, Gertie, Bart, and Maya, especially when he says that his interview is on the same day as Gertie's school talent show.
He claims he hates her too, and says she and her mother Gertie took his life away and he just wants it back.
A few days later they finally patch things up, and she accepts that they will be moving to New York City.
Smith has no idea who Ollie is, but they have a conversation about work and children that persuades Ollie to skip the interview and leave.
He holds her in his arms and says that they are staying in New Jersey because he decided to not take the job.
He then says that he thought he did, but he loves his new life more because being a father to her was the only thing that he was ever really good at.
In the original draft of the script, Bruce Willis rather than Will Smith was the cause of (and eventual resolution to) Ollie's problems.
Paulsboro, New Jersey served as another of the shooting locations; scenes were shot there at its municipal building, Clam Digger Bar, and high school.
The extended version included much more of the Jennifer Lopez section, Ben Affleck's full speech at city hall, a longer ending, and some music changes.
The film grossed $25.2 million in North America, and $10.8 million internationally, for a total gross of $36.1 million, against a $35 million budget.
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 42% based on 173 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10.
In politics, a common front is an alliance between different groups, forces, or interests in pursuit of a common goal or in opposition to a common enemy.
Kay Elizabeth Hull (born 3 February 1954) is a former Australian politician who served as a National Party member of the House of Representatives from 1998 to 2010, representing the Division of Riverina in New South Wales.
On 6 April 2010, Kay Hull announced that she wouldn't be contesting the next Federal election, after 12 years serving the Riverina electorate.
In April 2010, Charles Sturt University named the Kay Hull Veterinary Teaching Hospital in its South Campus in honour of Kay Hull.
In May 2010, Regional Express Airlines named the Kay Hull Conference Room at the Australian Airline Pilot Academy in honour of Kay Hull.
Michael Benjamin Bay (born February 17, 1965) is an American filmmaker known for directing and producing big-budget, high-concept action films characterized by fast cutting, stylistic visuals and extensive use of special effects, including frequent depictions of explosions.
As a boy, he attached some firecrackers to a toy train and filmed the ensuing fiery disaster with his mother's 8 millimeter camera.
His opinion changed after seeing it in the theater and he was so impressed by the experience that he decided to become a film director.
advertisement campaign for the California Milk Processors Board in 1993, which also won a Grand Prix Clio Award for Commercial of the Year.
The action film proved to be a break-out role for Smith, who was segueing from television to films at that time.
Shooting in Miami was a good experience for Bay, who would later own a home in the city and spend a great deal of time there.
The film was completed for $19 million and grossed a remarkable $141 million at the box office in the summer of 1995.
It was also produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson, the latter of whom died five months before the film's release.
Connery and Cage won 'Best On-Screen Duo' at the MTV Movie Awards in 1997 and the film was nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Achievement in Sound category for the work of Greg P. Russell, Kevin O'Connell, and Keith A. Wester.
The film, about a group of tough oil drillers who are sent by NASA to deflect an asteroid away from a collision course with Earth, starred Bruce Willis, Billy Bob Thornton, Ben Affleck and Liv Tyler.
It was nominated for 4 Oscars at the 71st Academy Awards including Best Sound, Best Visual Effects, Best Sound Editing, and Best Original Song.
The film grossed $138 million domestically, enough to cover the production budget, and $273 million worldwide, almost twice as much as the first movie.
Bay stated that he was not comfortable with the domestic marketing campaign, as it confused the audience to the true subject of the film.
The film was released in the U.S. and Canada on July 3, 2007, with 8 p.m. preview screenings on July 2.
The previews earned $8.8 million, and in its first day of general release it grossed $27.8 million, a record for Tuesday box office attendance.
While being the lowest-grossing film at the box office of Bay's career, it went on to massive DVD sales upon its digital release in May 2016, earning over $40 million in home video revenue.
Bay and Wyndcrest Holdings, a Florida-based investment firm, acquired the digital effects company Digital Domain from James Cameron and Stan Winston in 2006, infusing the struggling business with a $50 million investment.
After leaving Propaganda Films, Bay and producer Scott Gardenhour, also formerly at Propaganda, formed The Institute for the Development of Enhanced Perceptual Awareness (now known as The Institute), to produce commercials and other projects.
The graphic novels employ Touchcode technology from T+ink (previously used in the Power Glove), in which ink used in the printing process unlocks access to exclusive content that is housed on the Machinima Network, which is transferred to users' touch-screen-enabled mobile devices when the printed books are touched to those devices.
The studio merges Hollywood production with interactive talent to generate story-driven content for games, mobile, virtual reality, mixed reality, television and feature film.
As part of the partnership, Bay will develop and direct a multiplatform action-adventure game and cinematic VR experiences, based on an original IP conceived by him.
As a boy, he donated his Bar Mitzvah money to an animal shelter and often includes his dogs in his films.
Despite his box office success, Bay's work has been poorly received by film critics, and his name is often used pejoratively in art-house circles.
Besides being accused of making films that pander to a low demographic, critics and audiences have been critical of elements of Bay's filmmaking style such as the overuse of Dutch angles, rapid cutting, and cliché camerawork.
Other elements include extreme patriotism, juvenile humor, excessive product placement, oversaturated orange and teal color grading, reusing footage from his previous films, his refusal to make thought-provoking films, and his preference of action and spectacle over story and characters.
He is a member of the Liberal Party and has served in the House of Representatives since November 2001, representing the Division of Flinders in Victoria.
He has previously served as a parliamentary secretary in the Howard Government (2004–2007), Minister for the Environment (2013–2016), Minister for Industry, Innovation and Science (2016–2017), and Minister for Sport (2017).
He was one of five sons born to Alan Hunt, who was a Liberal state government minister in the 1970s and 1980s.
Hunt was an associate to the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia in 1992, and subsequently attended Yale University as a Fulbright Scholar, where he obtained a Master of Arts in International Relations.
Beginning in 1994, Hunt served as a senior adviser to Alexander Downer, during both his periods as Leader of the Opposition (1994 to 1995) and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1995 to 1998).
He then worked for McKinsey & Company from 1999 to 2001, and was also Director of Strategy at the World Economic Forum in Geneva from 2000 to 2001.
A member of the Liberal Party since 1994, Hunt was first elected to parliament at the 2001 federal election, replacing the retiring Peter Reith in the Division of Flinders.
He was first elevated to the ministry following the 2004 federal election, when he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage.
One of his first actions as minister was to inform Tim Flannery, the head of the Gillard government's Climate Commission, that the government was closing this body, as per its election platform.
In December 2013, he announced a project to dredge Abbot Point, which was approved by the Marine Park Authority in January 2014.
Following the change in Liberal Party leadership in September 2015, Hunt was retained as Minister for the Environment in the new Turnbull Government.
With the reelection of the Turnbull Government in 2016, Hunt became the Minister for Industry, Innovation and Science in the Second Turnbull Ministry.
Following the resignation of Sussan Ley as Health Minister, Turnbull appointed Hunt as the Minister for Health and the Minister for Sport.
Hunt stood for the deputy leadership of the party, polling 16 votes out of 82 (20 percent) compared with 46 for Josh Frydenberg and 20 for Steven Ciobo; there were three abstentions.
In June 2017 Hunt, Michael Sukkar and Alan Tudge faced the possibility of being prosecuted for contempt of court after they made public statements criticising the sentencing decisions of two senior judges while the government was awaiting their ruling on a related appeal.
Charles Tate Regan FRS (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century.
Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was educated at Derby School and Queens' College, Cambridge and in 1901 joined the staff of the Natural History Museum, where he became Keeper of Zoology, and later director of the entire museum, in which role he served from 1927 to 1938.
Julia Claire Irwin (born 8 November 1951), Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to July 2010, representing the Division of Fowler, New South Wales.
Irwin was born in Sydney and was variously a bank officer, trade union administration officer and electorate officer before entering politics.
The Hurro-Urartian languages are an extinct language family of the Ancient Near East, comprising only two known languages: Hurrian and Urartian.
While the genetic relation between Hurrian and Urartian is undisputed, the wider connections of Hurro-Urartian to other language families are controversial.
After the decipherment of Hurrian and Urartian inscriptions and documents in the 19th and eariy 20th century, Hurrian and Urartian were soon recognized as not related to the Semitic nor to the Indo-European languages, and to date, the most conservative view holds that Hurro-Urartian is a primary language family not demonstrably related to any other language family.
Early proposals for an external genetic relationship of Hurro-Urartian variously grouped them with the Kartvelian languages, Elamite, and other non-Semitic and non-Indo-European languages of the region, often included in the historical Alarodian proposal in the first half of the 20th century.
Igor Diakonoff and Sergei Starostin have suggested that Hurro-Urartian can be included as a branch of the Northeastern Caucasian language family, the latter dubbed Alarodian languages by Diakonoff.
Other scholars, however, doubt that the language families are related, or believe that, while a connection is possible, the evidence is far from conclusive.
It has also been proposed that two little known groups, the Nairi and the Mannae, might have been Hurrian speakers, but as little is known about them, it is hard to draw any conclusions about what languages they spoke.
Francfort and Tremblay on the basis of the Akkadian textual and archaeological evidence, proposed to identify the kingdom of Marhashi and Ancient Margiana.
The Marhashite personal names seems to point towards an Eastern variant of Hurrian or another language of the Hurro-Urartian language family.
There was also a strong Hurrian influence on Hittite culture in ancient times, so many Hurrian texts are preserved from Hittite political centres.
Urartian is attested from the late 9th century BC to the late 7th century BC as the official written language of the state of Urartu and was probably spoken by the majority of the population in the mountainous areas around Lake Van and the upper Zab valley.
Although Hurro-Urartian languages became extinct with the collapse of the Urartu empire, it is suggested that traces of its vocabulary survived in a small number of loanwords in Old Armenian.
Besides their fairly consistent ergative alignment and their generally agglutinative morphology (despite a number of not entirely predictable morpheme mergers), Hurrian and Urartian are also both characterized by the use of suffixes in their derivational and inflectional morphology (including ten to fifteen grammatical cases) and postpositions in syntax; both are considered to have the default order subject–object–verb, although there is significant variation, especially in Urartian.
In nouns, the sequence in both languages is stem – article – possessive suffix – plural suffix – case suffix – agreement (Suffixaufnahme) suffix.
Hurrian clearly marks tense or aspect through special suffixes (the unmarked form is the present tense) whereas Urartian has not been shown to do so in the attested texts (the unmarked form functions as a past tense).
Hurrian has special negative verbal suffixes that negate a verb and are placed before the ergative person agreement suffixes; Urartian has no such thing and instead uses negative particles that are placed before the verb.
In Urartian, the ergative suffixes and the absolutive clitics have merged into a single set of obligatory suffixes that express the person of both the ergative and the absolutive participant and are an integral part of the verb.
In general, the profusion of freely moving pronominal and conjunctional clitics that characterize Hurrian, especially that of the Mitanni letter, has few parallels in Urartian.
Urartian is closer to the so-called Old Hurrian variety (mostly attested in Hittite documents) than to the Hurrian of the Mitanni letter.
Desert Research Institute (DRI) is the nonprofit research campus of the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE), the organization that oversees all publicly supported higher education in the U.S. state of Nevada.
DRI's environmental research programs are divided into three core divisions (Atmospheric Sciences, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, and Hydrologic Sciences) and two interdisciplinary centers (Center for Arid Lands Environmental Management and the Center for Watersheds and Environmental Sustainability).
This initiative, funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, seeks to augment snowfall in mountainous regions of Nevada to increase snowpack and water supply.
DRI researchers use ground stations and aircraft to release microscopic silver iodide particles into winter clouds, stimulating the formation of ice crystals that develop to snow.
For over a decade the Atmospheric and Dispersion Modeling Program team has been performing work focused on observations and modeling of atmospheric dispersion processes over complex terrain and coastal areas.
In particular, the team is applying, developing, and evaluating mesoscale meteorological models as well as regulatory and advanced atmospheric dispersion models such as ISC3ST, AERMOD, WYNDVALLEY, ASPEN, and CALPUFF.
Several recent projects led to developing real-time mesoscale forecasting system using the MM5 model coupled with a Lagrangian random particle dispersion model and implementation of data assimilation schemes.
A two-page bill signed into law by the Nevada Governor Grant Sawyer on March 23, 1959, authorized establishment of the Desert Research Institute at the University of Nevada, Reno.
UNR hired Dr. Wendell Mordy as the Founding Director (1960-1969) of the University's Desert Research Institute, which initially was an office at the top of the historic Morrill Hall building on UNR's campus.
They plan on studying the pollution to determine if it is from local sources or if particles from discarded plastic products have been transported long distances through the atmosphere by wind, rain and falling snow.
Sharryn Maree Jackson (born 12 February 1962), Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives.
For the 15 years prior to her entry into politics, she was, firstly, the Industrial Officer, and later the Assistant State Secretary of the Miscellaneous Workers' Union.
After being overlooked by the Richard Court-led State Coalition Government for a posting as Commissioner of the Western Australian Industrial Relations Commission, in mid-2000 Jackson resolved to run for Federal Parliament.
After the electoral redistribution which created the Division of Hasluck for the 2001 Australian Federal election, the electorate was notionally held by Labor with a margin of 2.55 per cent.
In the election, Jackson polled a lower primary vote than Liberal contender Bethwyn Chan, but won the seat after a distribution of minor party preferences gave her a margin of 1.8 per cent.
During her first term in office Jackson also campaigned for the establishment of a university in the eastern suburbs of Perth, an area that was not served by university.
Following her defeat in the 2004 election, Jackson worked as Chief of Staff for State MP Bob Kucera, who was the Minister for Sport and Recreation.
Her employment in this role drew criticism, since the job was not advertised and the role was already being filled by other public servants.
She was elected as Western Australian State President of the Australian Labor Party in November 2005, defeating Sarah Burke in a tight contest.
Jackson, a member of Labor's Socialist Left faction, signaled that she intended to bridge the widening divisions between the different factions within the State Labor Party.
After initially considering running for the Division of Brand in the forthcoming 2007 Federal election to replace outgoing member Kim Beazley, Jackson announced in January 2007 that she intended to once again seek Labor Party endorsement for the seat of Hasluck.
Jackson resigned from her position within the Department of Premier and Cabinet in March 2007, and Sally Talbot succeeded Jackson as State Labor President in June 2007.
Jackson was probably aided in her campaign by voter discontent relating to a Government decision to allow the construction of a brick works in the electorate, against the wishes of the sitting member, Stuart Henry.
Mirroring an election promise made by John Howard when he was visiting the electorate the previous week, Jackson announced that Labor would undertake major roads funding in Hasluck, including the construction of a grade-separated interchange at Great Eastern Highway and Roe Highway, to cost $48 million.
At the 2010 federal election it took several days to determine an outcome in the seat of Hasluck as the result was very close.
Situated on the Boite river, in an alpine valley, it is a winter sport resort known for its skiing trails, scenery, accommodation, shops and après-ski scene, and for its jet set and Italian aristocratic crowd.
It then spent much of its history under Austrian rule, briefly undergoing some territorial changes under Napoleon, before being returned to Austria, who held it until 1918.
Among the specializations of the town were crafting wood for furniture, the production of tiled stoves and iron, copper and glass items.
Today, the local economy thrives on tourism, particularly during the winter season, when the population of the town typically increases from about 7,000 to 40,000.
The Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo was built between 1769 and 1775 on the site of two former thirteenth and sixteenth-century churches; it is home to the parish and the deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo.
The town also contains the Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum, established in 1975, the Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum, and the Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum.
Although Cortina was unable to go ahead with the scheduled 1944 Winter Olympics because of World War II, it hosted the Winter Olympics in 1956 and subsequently a number of world winter-sports events.
The town is home to SG Cortina, a top league professional ice hockey team, and Cortina is also the start and end point of the annual Dolomites Gold Cup Race.
The discovery in 1987 of a primitive tomb at Mondeval de Sora high up in the mountains to the south of Cortina testifies to the presence of Mesolithic man in the area as far back as the 6th millennium B.C.
In the 6th century B.C., Etruscan writing was introduced in the province of Cadore, in whose possession is remained until the early 5th century.
In 1508 it was conquered by Habsburgs, and by 1511 people of Ampezzo swore loyalty to the Emperor Maximilian, and that area was subsequently adjoined to the region of Pusterthal.
In 1797, when the Treaty of Campo Formio was signed, Napoleon initially permitted Habsburg Empire to retain it, but in 1810 he added Ampezzo to the Department of Piave, following an attack on the town in which it was burned by the French.
It was short-lived; Austrian Empire reclaimed it in 1813, and it remained in its possession even after the battles of Custoza and Sadowa in 1866 when Venice was ceded to Italy.
When Italy entered World War I in 1915, most of the male inhabitants were fighting for Austria-Hungary on the Russian front.
Following Italy's victory in World War I, Ampezzo was (together with the central and southern part of Tyrol) definitively ceded to Italy in 1920.
Three years later, it was separated from Tyrol (along with Colle Santa Lucia and Livinallongo del Col di Lana) and incorporated into the province of Belluno, itself part of Veneto region.
Already an elite destination for the first British tourists in the late 18th and early 20th century, after World War I Cortina d'Ampezzo became a resort for upper-class Italians too.
Cortina d'Ampezzo was chosen as the venue of the 1944 winter Olympics, which did not take place due to World War II.
Thanks to finally hosting the winter Olympics in 1956, Cortina grew into a world-famous resort, with a substantial increase in tourists.
With a resident population of 6,150 people in 2008, Cortina has a temporary population of around 50,000 during peak periods such as the Christmas holidays and mid-August.
This was motivated by improved cultural ties with the small Ladin-speaking community in South Tyrol and the attraction of lower taxes.
The referendum is not executive and a final decision on the matter can only be taken by law of the Italian parliament with consent of both regional councils of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige.
In the European elections of 2014, the leading party was the Democratic Party with 30.4% of the vote, followed by Forza Italia (19.4%) and the autonomous Südtiroler Volkspartei with 14.1%.
Cortina is situated more or less in the centre of the Ampezzo valley, at the top of the Valle del Boite in the Dolomites, which encircle the town.
The town is positioned between Cadore (to the south) and the Puster Valley (to the north), Val d'Ansiei (to the east) and Agordo (to the west).
Among the surrounding mountains are Tofane to the west, Pomagagnon to the north, Cristallo to the northeast, Faloria and Sorapiss to the east, and Becco di Mezzodì, Croda da Lago and Cinque Torri to the south.
The town centre is located at an elevation of , although the highest summit is that of the Tofana di Mezzo, which towers at .
In late December and early January, some of Italy's lowest recorded temperatures are to be found in the region, especially at the top of the Cimabanche Pass on the border between the provinces of Belluno and Bolzano.
Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by 2,099 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years.
Nevertheless, with 6,112 inhabitants, Cortina d'Ampezzo is the seventh most populous place in the province following Belluno (36,509), Feltre (20,688), Sedico (9,734), Ponte nelle Alpi (8,521), Santa Giustina (6,795) and Mel (6,272).
In 2008, there were 44 births (7.1 ‰) and 67 deaths (10.9%), resulting in an overall reduction of 23 inhabitants (−3.8 ‰).
The presence of foreign residents in Cortina d'Ampezzo is a fairly recent phenomenon, accounting for only a small number of inhabitants in what in any case is a fairly small town.
This compares with 7.0% in the town Belluno, 6.4% in the entire province of Belluno, and 10.2% in the Veneto region.
In addition to Italian, the majority of the population speak fluent Ampezzano, a local variant of Ladin, now recognized as a language rather than a dialect.
Maintaining the local language, that is not only spoken by the older people but also by many of Cortina's younger inhabitants, has become a symbol of their attachment to the local mountainous heritage.
The community is also proud of its Ladin or Tyrolean culture, that continues to survive despite the increasing pressure it has faced in recent years.
Its importance is even beginning to be recognized by the local authorities who in December 2007 decided to use Ladin on signs for the names of streets and villages, in compliance with regulations for the protection of linguistic minorities in force since 1999.
The growing importance of this sector led the Austrian Ministry of Commerce to authorize the opening of a State Industrial School in 1874, which later became the Art Institute.
It became a reputable institution in teaching wood and metal work, admitted boys from the age of 13 and up to four years of study.
Among the specializations of the town were crafting wood for furniture, the production of tiled stoves and iron, copper and glass items.
Today, the local economy thrives on tourism, particularly during the winter season, when the population of the town typically increases from about 7,000 to 40,000.
Cortina is home to some of the most prestigious names in fashion, including Bulgari, Benetton, Gucci and Geox, and various artisan shops, antiquarians, and craft stores.
In this shopping centre many trades can be found, from confectioners to newspaper vendors, toys, gift shops, skiing stores and blacksmiths.
The cooperative in Cortina was one of the first cooperatives founded in the Italian Peninsula, and currently provides employment to approximately 200 people.
Other hotels of note include Hotel Cornelio on Via Cantore, Hotel Montana on Corso Italia, Hotel Menardi on Via Majom and Hotel Villa Gaiai on Via Guide Alpine.
There are several mountain hostels in the vicinity, including Rifugio Faloria, Rifugio son Forca, Rifugio Capanna Tondi and Rifugio duca D'Aosta, which contains restaurants.
Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum, established in 1975, is a paleontological museum with a collection of hundreds of fossils of all colors, shapes and sizes, found, gathered and cataloged by photographer Ampezzo Rinaldo Zardini.
All of the exhibits were found in the Dolomites and tell of a time when these high mountain peaks were still on the bottom of a large tropical sea, populated by marine invertebrates, fish, corals and sponges.
Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum is an ethnographic museum situated in an old restored Venetian sawmill on the confluence of the Boite and Felizon rivers to the north of the town.
There are objects related to everyday life, rural and pastoral practices in the vicinity, agricultural tools, techniques, materials processing and clothing typical of this valley etc.
Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum is an art gallery, established in 1941, which preserves over 800 works by major Italian artists of the twentieth century including Filippo De Pisis, Felice Carena, Pio Semeghini, Renato Guttuso, Tullio Garbari, Massimo Campigli and many others.
In winter it is accessible to skiers but it is easier to visit on foot or by mountain bike in the summer months.
The Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo was built between 1769 and 1775 on the site of two former thirteenth and sixteenth-century churches; it is home to the parish and the deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo.
Its façade features an intricate fresco depicting the Madonna della Difesa, and the interior is decorated with a wealth of statues, paintings, polychrome marble and gold leaf.
Decorated by artist Corrado Pitscheider of the Val Gardena, it is a small church of particular interest given the reconstruction sculpture.
The Cappella di Sant'Antonio da Padova in the village of Chiave was completed in 1791 but the interior was renovated in 1809 after serious fire damage caused by the Napoleonic troops.
Sacrario militare di Pocol (also known as Ossario di Pocol) is a cemetery and shrine located at an altitude of towards Passo Falzarego, in the locality of Pocol.
A shrine was built in 1935 as memorial to the thousands who lost their lives during World War I on the Dolomite front.
In a crypt in the centre of the structure rests the body of general Antonio Cantore, who was awarded the gold medal for military valor.
It consists of low white outer walls and two white corner towers, with a small chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity.
The construction of the castle began in 1694, but on August 19, 1696 the works were interrupted; the building remained unfinished in 1809 when it was burned by French revolutionary troops who had invaded Ampezzo.
Forte Tre Sassi (or Forte Tra i Sassi) is a fortress constructed in 1897 during the Austro-Hungarian period on the Passo Valparola.
It lies between Sass de Stria and Piccolo Lagazuoi, dominating the passage between the Passo Falzarego and Val Badia in South Tyrol (Alto Adige).
It was part of the large complex of Austrian fortifications built on the Italian border in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Rendered unusable due to a bombing by the Italians on 5 July 1915, the ruins remained in a state of disrepair until the advent of the 21st century, when it was restored by the local administration of Ampezzo, with the assistance of the Lacedelli family.
Castello di Botestagno (also known as Podestagno) was a medieval fort perched on a rock in the valley of the river Boite, a little further north of Cortina, in the town of Prà del Caštel.
It is believed that it was first erected as a stakeout during conflict with the Lombards between the seventh and eighth centuries, with the aim of dominating the three valleys that converge beneath it: the Boite, the Val di Fanes and the Val Felizon.
It was held by the Germans until 1077, and then by the patriarchs of Aquileia (12th century) and Camino (13th century), until Botestagno became the seat of a captaincy.
During the eighteenth century the castle lost importance gradually, until it was auctioned in 1782 by order of Emperor Joseph II.
Today the fort has now almost completely disappeared; only the remnants of what must have been the wine cellars and the foundations remain, now weathered and largely covered up by vegetation.
Ernest Hemingway, Saul Bellow, Dino Buzzati, as well as Vittorio Gassman, Leonardo Sciascia, Leonardo Mondadori and many others, spent their vacations in the town and took part in the cultural life of the city.
Music is important to the locals of Cortina, with a guitar found in most houses, and young musicians are often found walking the streets.
The festival attracts young pianists from around the world who are able to benefit from classes with some of the world's leading performers.
The Festival of the Bands is another annual musical event featuring brass bands from Italy and beyond during the last week of August.
Traditionally, on the eves of the festivals of Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and St Philip and St James, the youth of the town would climb the hills at sunset and light fires.
After Ernest Hemingway's wife Hadley lost a suitcase filled with Hemingway's manuscripts at the Gare de Lyon in Paris, he took a time off.
Among the religious minorities, mainly a result of recent immigration, there is a small community of Eastern Orthodox Christians and Muslims.
Roger Moore's James Bond meets the character Luigi Ferrara (John Moreno) at the peak of Tofana and stays at the Hotel Miramonti.
A number of action sequences were shot in the town involving Bond and Erich Kriegler (John Wyman), as Kriegler competes in the biathlon.
The battle culminates in one of the famous ski chase sequences in film, where Bond has to escape Kriegler and a crew of assassins on a spike-wheeled motorcycles, his route taking them all onto the bobsleigh run.
The actual town centre was also the scene of the first attack on Bond and his partner Melina Havelock (Carole Bouquet) by two motorcyclists who attempted to run them over, only for Bond to eliminate them both, putting one of them through the window of a local florist.
The 1927 Nordic, 1941 Nordic, and 1941 Alpine World Championships were held in Cortina as well, although both 1941 championships were withdrawn by the International Ski Federation (FIS) in 1946.
Cortina is also the start and end point of the annual Dolomites Gold Cup Race, a historic reevocation event for production cars on public roads.
The longest run, the Armentarola piste in the Lagazuoi-5 Torri area, starts next to the Lagazuoi refuge at and is reached by cable car.
In and around Cortina, there are opportunities to participate in many other winter sports such as curling, ski mountaineering, snowboarding, sledding, and extreme skiing.
The nearest airports are those serving Venice: the distance to Treviso is while that to Venice Marco Polo Airport is .
The railway station for Cortina is Calalzo di Cadore, to the south east, with rail connections to Venice and a bus service to Cortina.
There are also direct bus links from Venice Mestre and Padova railway stations, coordinated with the arrivals and departures of Eurostar trains.
The line closed in 1964 but in February 2016 the regional governments of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige announced that they are to commission a feasibility study to build a new line between Calalzo, Cortina and Toblach.
Other notable visitors include John Ball (1818–1889), the Irish mountaineer and naturalist who climbed Monte Pelmo in 1857, the Italian mountaineers Emilio Comici (1901–1940), Angelo Dibona (1879–1956) and Lino Lacedelli (1925–2009), the Italian skier Kristian Ghedina (born 1969), the Italian bobsledder Eugenio Monti (1928–2003), the Austrian mountaineer Paul Grohmann (1838–1908) and the Austrian skier Toni Sailer (1935–2009).
Frequent visitors include the Italian businessman and former racing driver Paolo Barilla (born 1961) and the journalist and writer Indro Montanelli (1909–2001).
Among the distinguished sportsmen from Cortina itself are the skiers Enrico Colli, his younger brother Vincenzo, and Giuseppe Ghedina who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics, and Severino Menardi who participated in the 1932 and 1936 Winter Olympics.
This most northerly of the Halcyonidae is resident over much of its range, but northern populations are migratory and they wintering south of their range to Sri Lanka, Thailand, Borneo and Java.
It is distinctive in having a black cap that contrasts with the whitish throat, purple blue wings and the coral red bill.
Usually seen on coastal waters and especially in mangroves, it is easily disturbed, but perches conspicuously and dives to catch fish but also feeds on large insects.
The distribution ranges from India (including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands where they occur even on remote islands like Narcondam), Sri Lanka, Kansu, Shansi, Korea, Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Burma, Ryu kyu Islands, Hainan, Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Basilan, Tawi Tawi), Borneo, Sumatra east to Sulawesi where it occurs only in winter.
Vagrants in winter have been recorded in Pakistan while movements related to rainfall may lead to their being found far inland and away from their usual distribution.
Jenkins served as the 26th Speaker of the House of Representatives, from 2008 until his unexpected resignation as Speaker on 24 November 2011.
His father was Dr Harry Jenkins, who was Member for Scullin from 1969 to 1986 and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1983 to 1986.
Jenkins Jnr was educated at the Australian National University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science in 1975, and was a public servant before entering politics.
He was elected by Labor caucus on 29 November 2007 to become the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the 42nd Parliament.
Although Speakers normally carry the courtesy title while in office 'the Honourable', Jenkins said his personal preference was that it not be used.
The Labor Party renominated Jenkins as Speaker in the 43rd Parliament, and he was elected unopposed when the Parliament opened on 28 September 2010.
Convention would normally have required Jenkins to resign as Speaker, but the House of Representatives immediately thereafter approved a motion of confidence in the Speaker and he remained in the position.
It possesses pharmacological properties similar to those of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia.
Triazolam is also sometimes used as an adjuvant in medical procedures requiring anesthesia or to reduce anxiety during brief events, such as MRI scans and nonsurgical dental procedures.
A 2009 meta-analysis found a 44% higher rate of mild infections, such as pharyngitis or sinusitis, in people taking triazolam or other hypnotic drugs compared to those taking a placebo.
A review of the literature found that long-term use of benzodiazepines, including triazolam, is associated with drug tolerance, drug dependence, rebound insomnia, and CNS-related adverse effects.
Other withdrawal symptoms can range from mild unpleasant feelings to a major withdrawal syndrome, including stomach cramps, vomiting, muscle cramps, sweating, tremor, and in rare cases, convulsions.
Benzodiazepines require special precautions if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, in alcoholics, or in other drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Triazolam, similar to other benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines, causes impairments in body balance and standing steadiness in individuals who wake up at night or the next morning.
An extensive review of the medical literature regarding the management of insomnia and the elderly found considerable evidence of the effectiveness and durability of nondrug treatments for insomnia in adults of all ages and that these interventions are underused.
Compared with the benzodiazepines including triazolam, the nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics appeared to offer few, if any, significant clinical advantages in efficacy or tolerability in elderly persons.
Newer agents with novel mechanisms of action and improved safety profiles, such as the melatonin agonists, hold promise for the management of chronic insomnia in elderly people.
Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics for insomnia lacks an evidence base and has traditionally been discouraged for reasons that include concerns about such potential adverse drug effects as cognitive impairment, anterograde amnesia, daytime sedation, motor incoordination, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and falls.
More research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment and the most appropriate management strategy for elderly persons with chronic insomnia.
Co-administration of benzodiazepine drugs at therapeutic doses with erythromycin may cause serious psychotic symptoms, especially in those with other physical complications.
Death can occur from triazolam overdose, but is more likely to occur in combination with other depressant drugs such as opioids, alcohol, or tricyclic antidepressants.
Triazolam issued nonmedically: recreational use wherein the drug is taken to achieve a high or continued long-term dosing against medical advice.
Bangka (or sometimes Banka) is an island lying east of Sumatra, administratively part of Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of about 1 million.
It is the 9th largest island in Indonesia and the main part of Bangka-Belitung Province, being one of its namesakes alongside the smaller Belitung across the Gaspar Strait.
Bangka lies just east of Sumatra, separated by the Bangka Strait; to the north lies the South China Sea, to the east, across the Gaspar Strait, is the island of Belitung, and to the south is the Java Sea.
Most of the geographical faces of the island consists of lower plains, swamps, small hills, beautiful beaches, white pepper fields and tin mines.
The other important towns are Toboali in the southern region, Koba an important tin mining town, also located on the southern part of the island, and Belinyu, a town famous for its seafood products.
There are 4 sea ports in Bangka; Mentok on the far west, Belinyu on the far north, Sadai on the far south, and Pangkal Balam which is in Pangkal Pinang.
During the glacial periods, Bangka was connected to mainland Asia similarly with the larger islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo as part of the Sunda Shelf, and got separated once the sea level rose.
The Kota Kapur inscription, dated from 686 CE, was found in Bangka in 1920, showed Srivijayan influence on the island around the 7th century.
Later, the island was conquered by an expedition from Majapahit, led by Gajah Mada, which appointed local rulers and established social structures.
Bangka was recorded as Pengjia hill (彭加山) in the 1436 Xingcha Shenglan, compiled by the Chinese soldier Fei Xin during the treasure voyages of Admiral Zheng He.
Contemporary records show that the area - close to the busy Strait of Malacca and waters of the Musi River - had significant presence of Chinese traders.
It continued to pass to the Banten Sultanate before it was then inherited by the nearby Palembang Sultanate sometime in the late 17th century.
The Dutch East India Company managed to secure a monopolistic tin purchase agreement in 1722, but hostilities began to develop between the Sultan and the Dutch.
During the British Invasion of Java in 1811, then-Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin attacked and massacred the staff of the Dutch post on the island.
His successor ceded Bangka to Britain in 1812, but in 1814 Britain exchanged it with the Dutch for Cochin in India following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.
Around the late years of the 18th century, Bangka was an important production center of tin in Asia, with annual outputs hovering around 1,250 tons.
In 1930 Bangka had a population of 205,363.Japan occupied the island from February 1942 to August 1945 during World War II.
The island, together with neighboring Belitung, was formerly part of South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) province, but in 2000 the two islands became the new province of Bangka-Belitung.
Bangka is also home to a number of communist Indonesians who have been under house arrest since the 1960s anti-Communist purge and are not permitted to leave the island.
The population is split between those work on the tin mines, palm oil plantations, rubber plantations, fisherman and those who work on pepper farms.
Michael Andrew Johnson (born 31 January 1970), an Australian federal politician, was a member of the Australian House of Representatives for the seat of Ryan, Queensland, from 2001 to 2010, representing the Liberal Party from November 2001 to May 2010 and then as an independent from May 2010 until he was defeated at the 2010 federal election in August 2010.
He was born in Hong Kong, and was educated at St. Peters Lutheran College and later at the University of Queensland, the University of Cambridge, where he obtained an MPhil, and the University of Birmingham, where he obtained a master's degree in international studies.
He was the Australian Chevening Scholar in 1994, the Charles Hawker Memorial Scholar in 1996 and was a 2004 graduate of the Kennedy School of Government’s Executive Leaders’ Program at Harvard.
After leaving his political life he started to run a privately owned business networking company (East Coast Forum) with Huyen and Ryan that both help out.
He is Chairman of the Australia-China Business Forum, and is a Member of the Asia Society’s International Advisory Board and sits on the Australian Advisory Board.
He was accused by opponents in the party of signing up ethnic Chinese with only limited connections to the Liberal Party, many from outside the Ryan electorate, and in at least one case, outside Australia.
Unfortunately for Johnson, it was revealed he had failed to properly renounce his British citizenship and was ruled ineligible to contest preselection.
On 20 May 2010, he was expelled from the Liberal National Party, the Queensland branch of the Liberal and National parties.
During the meeting Johnson claimed that McIver produced a large black folder which he alleged contained material and documents that was evidence of alleged criminal behaviour by Johnson.
McIver denies the claims that he asked him to resign from Parliament, though openly admits he asked Johnson to quit the LNP.
At the 2010 federal election, Johnson secured less than 9% of the primary vote and was easily defeated by Liberal National candidate, Jane Prentice.
America: A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks; Fox, ABC, NBC and CBS.
It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001.
Done in the style of a telethon, it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families, particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers.
On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles, twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope, while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages.
The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles (CBS Television City), New York, and London, while the celebrity messages took place in Los Angeles.
Further, the American Forces Network carried the program live on radio and television to American soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines in over 175 countries around the world.
As the first overall pick - and with the Senators blue line among the weaker in the league, Berard felt he was going to step right into the National Hockey League.
However, after his first training camp with the team, he was reassigned back to Junior hockey and Berard had concerns about the team's management.
In January 1996, the Senators traded him in a three-team trade with the New York Islanders and Toronto Maple Leafs that saw his rights, along with those of Wade Redden, Martin Straka, Kirk Muller, Ken Belanger, Don Beaupre and Damian Rhodes move between the three teams.
With 48 points in his rookie season, he led all defensemen on the Islanders in scoring and finished 9th league-wide for blue liners.
He was rewarded for his efforts in 1997 by winning the Calder Trophy as the top rookie player in the NHL, edging out Jarome Iginla for the honor.
Berard put up 19 points in 38 games with the Maple Leafs following the trade then suited up for 17 more contests in the post season.
On March 11, 2000, during a game between the Maple Leafs and the Senators in Ottawa, the stick of the Senators' Marian Hossa clipped Berard in the right eye on a follow through, severely injuring it.
In the hospital room after the incident, after being told he might lose his eye, Berard reportedly told his friends that he would play hockey again.
Despite being optimistic about his future in hockey, he ended up receiving a $6.5 million settlement from his insurance company, what many considered to be a career-ending settlement.
When it became apparent that he might play again, the Maple Leafs stated they were interested in his services, but Berard opted to play for a team that was currently rebuilding and was a bit closer to his home of Woonsocket, Rhode Island.
Upon signing a tryout contract with the New York Rangers, he returned his insurance settlement and risked a comeback to the NHL.
He played well enough that his tryout contract turned into a $2 million contract for the 2001–02 season, plus two one-year options that could have turned it into a $9.75 million pact.
However, he was released by the Rangers after a disappointing season where he only scored 2 goals and 23 points despite playing in all 82 games for the Rangers.
With Boston, Berard began to return to his pre-injury form posting ten goals and 38-points, his highest total since his second year in the league.
Despite his success, the Bruins balked when an arbitrator awarded Berard a $2.51 million contract and they walked away from the ruling, making him an unrestricted free agent.
In Chicago, Berard's game continued to improve and he finished the year second on the team in scoring with 47-points, just one off his career best.
With his career seemingly on the upswing, the Blackhawks and Berard agreed on a one-year $3 million contract for the 2004-05 campaign.
But the season was ultimately cancelled due to labour unrest in the league and with a new General Manager replacing Bob Pulford during the cancelled season, Berard was not tendered an offer for the 2005-06 season.
Unfortunately for Berard, while he had overcome the limitations of his vision to become a solid offensive defensemen, his time in Columbus would be marred by troubles with his back.
His first season with the Jackets saw him post impressive numbers with 12-goals and 32-points in just 44 games but a back injury - and subsequent surgery - shut him down in March.
In October, when he should have been gearing up for his second year with the club, he had another surgery to repair a herniated disc in his back and managed to play just eleven games with the Jackets.
In his first game back with the first NHL team he ever played for, Berard scored the game-winning goal against another of his former teams, the rival New York Rangers in a 2–1 Islander victory.
In early 2006, it was revealed that he had tested positive for an anabolic steroid known as 19-norandrosterone, in a drug test he had taken in November 2005.
The NHL did not hand down any form of suspension to Berard, as they did not administer the test, but he was banned from international play for two years effective January 3, 2006.
It can often be found well away from water where it feeds on a wide range of prey that includes small reptiles, amphibians, crabs, small rodents and even birds.
During the breeding season they call loudly in the mornings from prominent perches including the tops of buildings in urban areas or on wires.
White-throated kingfisher is a common species of a variety of habitats, mostly open country in the plains (but has been seen at 7500 ft in the Himalayas) with trees, wires or other perches.
The tail may be flicked now and in its courtship display the wings are stiffly flicked open for a second or two exposing the white wing mirrors.
The nest is a tunnel (50 cm long, but a nest with a 3-foot tunnel has been noted) in an earth bank.
The nest building begins with both birds flying into a suitable mud wall until an indentation is made where they can find a perch hold.
Birds have sometimes been seen attracted to lights at night, especially during the monsoon season, suggesting that they are partly migratory.
With a powerful bill and rapid flight, these kingfishers have few predators when healthy and rare cases of predation by a black kite and a jungle crow may be of sick or injured birds.
An individual found dead with its beak embedded into the wood of a tree has been suggested as an accident during rapid pursuit of prey, possibly an Indian white-eye.
He currently is a leading figure in the opposition European Georgia, after most recently serving as a governor of the Kakheti region.
Having a background in academia and the nongovernmental sector, Tchiaberashvili joined the ranks of the government after Georgia's 2003 Rose Revolution, serving as the chairman of the Central Election Commission of Georgia from 2003 to 2004 and then as the mayor of Tbilisi from 2004 to 2005.
Tchiaberashvili was Georgia's permanent representative to the Council of Europe from 2005 to 2010 and ambassador to the Swiss Confederation and Principality of Liechtenstein, and Permanent Representative to the United Nations office and other international organizations in Geneva from 2010 to 2012.
A Tbilisi native, Zurab Tchiaberashvili studied at the Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology, Tbilisi State University (1989–1994, BA degree) and the Institute of Philosophy, Georgian National Academy of Sciences (1994–1997, MA degree), and obtained Ph.D. in Philosophy from the Tbilisi State University (1999).
As an Open Society Institute's Faculty Development Fellow, he spent two Spring Semesters (2002 and 2003) at the Transregional Center for Democratic Studies, Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science, New School University, New York, USA.
In 2009 he graduated from the Executive MBA Joint program with Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA, and WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar, Germany.
In 1997 he began active in civic society, joining the election watchdog International Society for Fair Elections and Democracy (ISFED) of which he became the Executive Director in 2002.
After the power change, Tchiaberashvili became the chairman of the Central Election Commission of Georgia, being in charge of conducting the snap presidential and parliamentary elections in 2004.
On April 19, 2004, Tchiaberashvili became Mayor of Tbilisi—the capital of Georgia—still an appointive office at that time, after President Mikheil Saakashvili dismissed Mayor Ivane Zodelava.
He presided over the creation of a strategic plan to overcome problems with Tbilisi's urban infrastructure, including the water, sewage, electric, and public transportation systems.
During his tenure, Tchiaberashvili was criticized by his former NGO colleagues for turning back from his original plans to decentralize the Tbilisi government.
On September 16, 2005, Tchiaberashvili was approved by the Parliament of Georgia as Georgia's permanent representative to the Council of Europe (CoE), a position which made him involved in diplomatic battles following the August 2008 Russian–Georgian war.
On December 10, 2010, Tchiaberashvili was approved as ambassador to the Swiss Confederation and Principality of Liechtenstein, and Permanent Representative to the United Nations office and other international organizations in Geneva.
On March 15, 2012, he was nominated as Georgia's Minister of Health, Labour and Social Affairs, and approved by the Parliament of Georgia on March 20, 2012.
On May 21, 2013, Zurab Tchiaberashvili and Ivane Merabishvili, Georgia's former Prime Minister and the Secretary General of the United National Movement party, were arrested in connection to investigation into alleged misspending of GEL 5.2 million public funds on their party activists during the 2012 election campaign, leading to accusations of political vendetta leveled by the United National Movement against the Ivanishvili government.
Jovanovski played major junior ice hockey for two seasons with the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), earning First All-Star, Second All-Star and All-Rookie Team honours.
During his rookie NHL season, he earned All-Rookie Team honours and helped the Panthers advance to the Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Colorado Avalanche.
As a youth, Jovanovski played in the 1990 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Windsor.
After playing bantam and Junior B in his hometown of Windsor, Jovanovski joined the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) with the Windsor Spitfires.
In addition to being voted as the Emms Division's top bodychecker by League coaches, he was named to the OHL's All-Rookie and Second All-Star Teams.
He admitted to being surprised at the top selection, as he had not been ranked first at any point in his draft-eligible season.
Czech prospect Radek Bonk was ranked first overall by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, but Panthers President Bill Torrey preferred to select a defenceman over a forward.
Following the Draft, the 1994–95 NHL season was suspended for three-and-a-half months due to a labour dispute between NHL players and owners.
When NHL was set to resume play in January 1995, it was speculated that the Panthers might sign Jovanovski and call him up to the NHL.
However, then-Panthers General Manager Bryan Murray announced that Jovanovski would remain with Windsor, citing that he would likely not receive much playing time with the club.
Playing with the club during the subsequent pre-season, he broke his right hand during a fight with Hartford Whalers forward Brendan Shanahan.
After recovering, he scored his first career NHL goal against the Whalers on December 2, 1995, a game-winner in a 5–3 victory.
During the regular season, he was encouraged by Panthers management to play more conservatively than he was used to in the OHL, focusing on defensive positioning.
Ranking fourth in the Eastern Conference going into the 1996 playoffs, Jovanovski helped the Panthers advance to the Stanley Cup Finals.
He scored his first career Stanley Cup playoff goal in Game 2 of the first round against Boston Bruins goaltender Craig Billington.
He was also nominated for the Calder Memorial Trophy as the League's rookie of the year, alongside Chicago Blackhawks forward Éric Dazé and Ottawa Senators forward Daniel Alfredsson, who ultimately won the award.
In a game against the Dallas Stars the previous night, he illegally left the penalty box ready to fight any opposing players during a break in play.
Later in the season, he suffered a knee injury during a game against the Edmonton Oilers in January 1997, sidelining him for several weeks.
The following month, he was involved in an on-ice altercation with San Jose Sharks forward Bernie Nicholls, resulting in a two-game suspension and the maximum $1,000 fine for Nicholls for intent to injure.
With his contract set to expire following the 1998–99 season, Jovanovski was beginning to be seen as a disappointment in Florida, failing to improve on his successful rookie year.
On January 17, 1999, after three-and-a-half seasons with the Panthers, Jovanovski was traded in a seven-player deal to the Vancouver Canucks.
He was sent with Dave Gagner, Mike Brown, Kevin Weekes and a first-round draft pick in 2000 (Nathan Smith) in exchange for Pavel Bure, Bret Hedican, Brad Ference and a third-round pick in 2000 (Robert Fried).
Joining the Canucks in the midst of a rebuilding period for the franchise, Jovanovski quickly established himself as a top defenceman in Vancouver's lineup.
A month following his trade, Jovanovski suffered a broken foot while blocking a shot in a game against the New Jersey Devils on February 9, 1999.
After being high-sticked in the face by Corson, the two players were sent off the ice, at which point Corson entered the Canucks' dressing room to verbally confront Jovanovski.
As a result of entering the Canucks' dressing room, the Canadiens forward was later suspended five games by the NHL, in addition to one game for the high-sticking infraction.
In his first full season with Vancouver, Jovanovski tallied five goals and 26 points (first among team defencemen) over 75 games.
At the end of the season, he also earned his first of three consecutive Babe Pratt Trophies, awarded annually to the Canucks' fan-voted best defenceman.
The Canucks finished as the eighth seed in the Western Conference for the second consecutive season, and were eliminated by the Detroit Red Wings in the opening round of the 2002 playoffs.
His 46 points ranked tenth overall in the League amongst defencemen, and it marked the fourth consecutive year he led Canucks defencemen in scoring.
Jovanovski added eight points in 14 post-season games before the Canucks were eliminated in the second round by the Minnesota Wild.
Midway through the 2003–04 season, Jovanovski suffered a third-degree shoulder separation during a game against the Nashville Predators on January 25, 2004.
Due to the NHL lockout, as well as rib and knee injuries sustained during the 2004 World Cup, Jovanovski was inactive during the 2004–05 season.
When the NHL resumed play in 2005–06, Jovanovski was on pace for a career year, but his season was interrupted by groin, foot and abdominal injuries.
The Canucks suffered from Jovanovski missing the final 27 games of the season and did not qualify for the 2006 playoffs.
The decision to let him go was influenced by the re-signings of Daniel and Henrik Sedin, as well as the acquisition of goaltender Roberto Luongo, leaving no room on the team's salary cap to retain Jovanovski.
He missed the last 22 games of the 2006–07 regular season with an abdominal injury, limiting him to 29 points (first among Coyotes defencemen) in 54 games.
In 2007–08, Jovanovski recorded a career-high 51 points (12 goals and 39 assists), which tied for tenth among League defencemen and led all Coyotes defencemen.
Jovanovski's career season included a one-game suspension on December 1, 2007, for a hit to the head of Minnesota Wild forward Marián Gáborík.
The team continued to struggle, however, as they ranked 12th in the West, eight points out of a 2008 playoff spot.
Although it was his lowest total since his third season with the Panthers in 1997–98 (not including seasons with major injuries), he still led all Coyotes defencemen in scoring for the third consecutive year.
On a team basis, he missed the playoffs with Phoenix for the third-straight year, as they finished 13th in the West.
Shortly after returning to the Coyotes lineup, he was suspended for two games by the NHL for a hit to the head of Minnesota Wild forward Andrew Ebbett with his forearm on December 7, 2009.
While the season was marked with an uncertain future for the Coyotes from a business perspective, as the franchise had filed for bankruptcy in May 2009 and was taken over by the NHL, the team performed well and recorded their best season in history.
With 50 wins and 107 points (a 28-point improval from the previous season), they finished with the third best record in the West and came within five points of a Pacific Division and Conference title, trailing only the San Jose Sharks.
In the first month of the 2010–11 season, Jovanovski was chosen to serve in place of the suspended Shane Doan as team captain from October 21 to 25, 2010.
Over a week later, he recorded his first career NHL hat-trick in a 4–3 win against the Nashville Predators on November 3.
He scored all three goals against goaltender Pekka Rinne, becoming the first Coyotes defenceman to score a hat-trick in team history.
On December 26, he became the 256th player in NHL history to play 1,000 career games, reaching the feat against the Dallas Stars.
His most serious injury was an orbital bone fracture after his face collided with an opposing player's helmet in a game against the Atlanta Thrashers on February 17, 2011.
After missing 20 games with the injury, he returned in April for the last three games of the regular season and the playoffs.
Following his NHL rookie season, he was named as a reserve to the Canadian men's team for the 1996 World Cup.
The youngest player on the roster, he played in one exhibition game against Russia, a 4–4 tie, but did not appear in any main tournament games as Canada lost in the final to the United States.
Two years later, Jovanovski competed at the 1998 World Championships in Switzerland; he was the second-youngest named to the Canadian squad.
Playing the United States in the gold medal game, Jovanovski earned an assist on the game-winning goal, backhanding a saucer pass from the opposition's blueline to Joe Sakic on a five-on-three power play advantage.
He suffered a cracked rib and a second degree sprain on his medial collateral ligament (MCL) during the first game against the United States, sidelining him for the rest of the tournament.
Later that year, he was named to his second Canadian Olympic team for the 2006 Games in Turin, but was not able to play due to a lower abdominal injury.
He recorded one assist over nine games as Canada lost in the gold medal game by a 5–4 score in overtime to Russia.
In both aspects of his game, he is considered to play with a high level of risk, taking the chance of being out of position in favour of a good scoring chance or a hit.
During his junior career, Jovanovski and two other Windsor Spitfire teammates were charged with sexually assaulting a 24-year-old woman in February 1995.
After a pre-trial hearing in June, the Crown attorney dropped the charges in August due to a lack of convincing evidence.
Kristin was later pregnant with twins a second time and gave birth to son Cole and daughter Coco on May 25, 2006, in Florida.
While at St. Thomas, Dekker embarked on an apprenticeship as a tailor before returning to Kingston, where he became a welder.
In 1962 Judge Not and One Cup Of Coffee became the first recorded efforts of Marley, who retained gratitude, respect and admiration for Dekker for the rest of his life.
Dekker then recruited four brothers, Carl, Patrick, Clive and Barry Howard, as his permanent backing vocalists to perform with him under the name Desmond Dekker and The Aces.
The song established Dekker as a rude boy icon in Jamaica and also became a favourite dance track for the young working-class men and women of the United Kingdom's mod scene.
Dekker was the first Jamaican artist to have a hit record in the US with a form and style that was purely Jamaican.
Kong, whose music production skills had been a crucial part of both Dekker's and Cliff's careers, died in 1971, affecting the careers of both artists for a short period of time.
The 1980s found Dekker signed to a new label, Stiff Records, an independent label that specialized in punk and new wave acts as well as releases associated with the 2 Tone label, whose acts instigated a short-lived but influential ska revival.
Dekker died of a heart attack on 25 May 2006, at his home in Thornton Heath in the London Borough of Croydon, England, aged 64 and was buried at Streatham Park Cemetery.
The island and surrounding fishing grounds are part of the ancestral domain of the indigenous Tagbanwa people, officially designated such on June 5, 1998.
It is a wedge-shaped mountainous island, dominated by steep cliffs and Karst rock formations made of Permian limestone of Jurassic origin that comprises about 70% of its area.
The cave is named after Günther Bernert, who was part of the first dive group to explore the cave, after hearing from local fishermen about its existence.
With domestic tourism on the rise due to a rapidly growing middle class, Coron is one of the top destinations for Filipinos to add to their wish list, with Coron island containing some of the most iconic.
Drafted first overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft, Daigle failed to live up to the high expectations, achieving a career-high of only 51 points in three separate National Hockey League (NHL) regular seasons.
Daigle is widely regarded today as the all-time greatest draft bust in NHL history, and one of the greatest draft busts in sports history.
As a youth, Daigle played in the 1988 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Laval, Quebec.
The Senators were even accused of deliberately losing games late in the 1992–93 season, their first in the NHL, in order to guarantee the first overall selection and the right to draft him.
The Senators subsequently finished last place overall in the 1992–93 league standings, thus securing the rights to the first overall pick.
As the draft approached, the Quebec Nordiques, who were hosting the event, were reportedly so eager to draft the next Quebecois superstar that they were rumored to have offered star players such as Owen Nolan, Peter Forsberg, Ron Hextall, and draft picks, but Ottawa management disregarded all offers.
Daigle was selected first overall by the Senators, ahead of future superstar Hall-of-Famers Chris Pronger and Paul Kariya, who were picked second and fourth, respectively.
He subsequently received the largest starting salary in league history (five-years, $12.25 million), leading to the introduction of a rookie salary cap a few years later.
Chris Pronger, selected after Daigle with pick two by the Hartford Whalers, was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015.
Daigle initially seemed destined to live up to the pre-draft hype, scoring 20 goals and 51 points in a rookie season in which he had little offensive support.
However, he was never able to reproduce the dominance he displayed in junior, and the superstardom the Senators and the league had hoped for failed to materialize.
He scored 20 or more goals twice – in his rookie year and in 1996–97, never registering more than 26 goals in a season.
Both entered the league in the 1993–94 season and were promoted as future stars of the franchise, on the cover of the Senators' year book and media guide.
Management, however, supported Daigle over Yashin, touting him over Yashin for the Calder Memorial Trophy (though Yashin ended up receiving a nomination instead of Daigle).
After management continued to support Daigle despite his subpar performance, an angered Yashin held out in the 1995–96 season unless his contract was renegotiated to pay him at a level similar to Daigle's.
Head coach Rick Bowness and assistant coach Alain Vigneault were fired on November 21, 1995, after demoting Daigle to the fourth line.
Upon hearing Daigle's comment, the flight attendant notified the captain, who immediately contacted USAir ground control, and police were subsequently notified.
What Daigle didn't know was that then-U.S. President Bill Clinton was also on the Pittsburgh International Airport tarmac at the time, resulting in a heightened level of security.
Daigle was not prosecuted for the incident, but was fined $300 and was not allowed to board the attaching flight to Tampa with the rest of the team.
During the 1997–98 season, after four and a half seasons, 74 goals and 172 points in 301 games played, Ottawa finally soured on Daigle and traded him to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for prospect Václav Prospal and another first-round bust, Pat Falloon.
In January 1999, the Flyers traded Daigle to the Edmonton Oilers, who later that same day traded him to Tampa Bay for Alexander Selivanov.
The New York Rangers then acquired Daigle as a reclamation project, sending cash to the Lightning, but they too realized the one-time junior superstar was not living up to expectations and waived him at the end of the season.
No one was willing to take a chance on the under-achiever, and in fact, by his own admission said he had no desire to play the game anymore.
In an interview on national television broadcaster Radio-Canada, Daigle said he never wanted to play hockey, but stuck to the game because of his talent.
Despite his impressive training camp, Daigle was unable to continue his success into the regular season, ultimately spending the better part of the season with the team's AHL affiliate in Wilkes-Barre/Scranton.
Over the course of the 2003–04 season, Daigle managed to match his career high point total, finishing the campaign with 51 points (20 goals and 31 assists) to lead the team in scoring.
During this season, he was also the Wild's nominee for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, given annually to an NHL player who best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey.
Daigle did not play a game for the Aeros, and was subsequently loaned to the Manchester Monarchs of the AHL on March 13, 2006, in exchange for forward Brendan Bernakevitch.
On May 5, 2006, he signed a two-year contract with Davos, a top team in the Swiss National League A, and inked a two-year extension with them in December.
In a little over three seasons with Davos, Daigle played 137 games, tallying 46 goals and 94 assists for 140 points (averaging a little over one point per game).
Daigle played 25 games with the SCL Tigers in the 2009–10 season, with 7 goals and 17 assists for 24 points.
Daigle ranked seventh on the team in points while playing in fewer than half as many games as the team's other top scorers.
On March 23, 2010, Daigle and Davos agreed to have his contract reduced from five years to three years, making him a free agent after the 2009–10 season.
Initially it was part of Narre Warren, but was named Lysterfield in 1874 when land was set aside for a primary school.
Further along that road is the City of Knox Avenue of honour, which was first planted in 1918-19 in recognition of First World War veterans.
A well-known attraction in Lysterfield is the Lysterfield Lake, built in 1929 by the State Rivers & Water Supply Commission, to supply water to the Mornington Peninsula, Springvale, and Dandenong.
It is one-third in the City of Knox, the rest being in the Shire of Yarra Ranges and a small part in the City of Casey.
This park includes a few ruins such as the Donlane and the Dargon homestead site, still with its surrounding orchards and the ruins of the dairy that is renowned as Boy's Farm.
The centre of Lysterfield reflects its rural status, with a farm shop and a petrol station, which is advertised as 'prime land'.
Lysterfield is home to the Salesians of Don Bosco Auxilium College, numerous equestrian trails and horse riding schools, the Lysterfield Christian Fellowship, and a quarry operated by Boral Ltd.
Culpability, or being culpable, is a measure of the degree to which an agent, such as a person, can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction.
Culpability therefore marks the dividing line between moral evil, like murder, for which someone may be held legally responsible and a randomly occurring event, like earthquakes, for which no human can be held responsible.
The definitions of specific crimes refer to these degrees to establish the mens rea (mental state) necessary for a person to be guilty of a crime.
Thus to be guilty of murder in the first degree, one must have an explicit goal in one's mind to cause the death of another.
Thus to be guilty of this one only needs to be aware of a substantial risk he is putting others in danger of; it does not have to be one's explicit goal to put people in risk.
In strict liability crimes, the actor is responsible no matter what his mental state; if the result occurs, the actor is liable.
An example is the felony murder rule: if the prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that one commits a qualifying felony (see the article) during which death results, one is held strictly liable for murder and the prosecution does not have to prove any of the normal culpability requirements for murder.
Due to the shape of Lakes Bemidji and Irving, according to folk legends, Lakes Bemidji and Irving were formed in Paul Bunyan's footprint.
The water clarity (assessed using a Secchi disk) ranges from 2.5 to 21.0, with a maximum reading usually obtained in early summer.
Evidence of the retreating glaciers exists today in Bemidji’s lush wilderness, Lake Bemidji, and other bodies of water found within Beltrami County.
In the year 1910, Crookston Sawmill had become the second largest sawmill in the country, expanding Bemidji’s economy (volume of business) to 18th within the state.
The fires which took place at the sawmill during the 1910s and early 1920s which burned the mills to the ground twice foreshadowed the final fire of the newly rebuilt Crookston mill #1.
Ever since, the 18 foot lumberjack and his faithful ox have christened the south shore of Lake Bemidji with their presence.
After more than 50 years of towering Lake Bemidji, the statues were officially honored by the National Park Service as a cultural resource worthy of preservation, adding them to the National Register of Historic Places.
The north trailhead of Paul Bunyan State Trail is located at the state park and adjoins with 16.6 miles of paved trail which runs along the shores of the lake.Historian Rosemary Given-Amble also accounts that the lake is home to some of the largest parks in Bemidji including Diamond Point Park, Cameron Park, Library Park, and South Shore Park.
Today, the lake is home to two resorts, a bed and breakfast, Lake Bemidji State Park campground, and multiple hotels situated along the south shore development.The south shore development is a growing infrastructure which is home to multiple businesses, housing complexes, South Shore park, and the Sanford Center.
However, the lores are dark, creating a dark stripe through the eye (the stripe does not extend through the eye in mangrove kingfisher), and the underwing, primaries and secondaries are black with white underwing coverts (there is a black carpal patch on the white coverts in mangrove kingfisher).
The inner webs of the base of the flight feathers are white, creating an indistinct white wingbar (white completely absent from wings in mangrove kingfisher).
The call of this noisy kingfisher is a loud trill sounding like a nail run down the teeth of a comb.
This kingfisher is essentially resident within 8° of the equator, but northern and southern populations are migratory, moving into the equatorial zone in the dry season.
It hunts from an exposed perch, often on a dead branch of a tree, or perches quietly in semi-shade while seeking food.
A suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository), or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects.
Several different ingredients can be used to form the base of a suppository: cocoa butter or a similar substitute, polyethylene glycol, hydrogels, and glycerinated gelatin.
The type of material used depends on the type of suppository, the type of drug, and the conditions in which the suppository will be stored.
Roman Hamrlík (born April 12, 1974) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He was originally selected first overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Tampa Bay Lightning, going on to begin his career with the team before later playing for the Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders, Calgary Flames, Montreal Canadiens, Washington Capitals and New York Rangers.
In total, he played 1,395 games during his NHL career and participated in three NHL All-Star Games, in 1996, 1999 and 2003.
Hamrlík also represented the Czech Republic on numerous occasions at the international level, including at the 1998 Winter Olympics, where he was part of the gold medal-winning Czech team.
He also played in the 2002 Winter Olympics, as well as two Ice Hockey World Championships, in 1994 and 2004, and two World Cup of Hockey tournaments, in 1996 and 2004 World Cup of Hockey.
Drafted first overall by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft from ZPS Zlín, Hamrlík played as a defenceman who typically took on an offensive role for his team, especially on the powerplay.
After his draft, Hamrlík would make the immediate leap to North America to play for the Lightning in the 1992–93 season.
Hamrlík then signed as a free agent with the New York Islanders in the summer of 2000, where during the 2000–01 season, he would match his career-high in goals with 16.
Hamrlík signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Calgary Flames on August 12, 2005, to a two-year, $7 million contract.
After four productive seasons with Montreal, Hamrlík signed as a free agent on a two-year, $7 million contract with the Washington Capitals on July 1, 2011.
In his second season with Washington during the lockout-shortened 2012–13 season, Hamrlik was limited to just four games as a reserve defenceman before he was ultimately placed on waivers by the team on March 5, 2013.
Hamrlík has an older brother, Martin Hamrlík, who was drafted by the Hartford Whalers in 1991, but never played in the NHL.
During his 18-year NHL career, he played for the Quebec Nordiques, Colorado Avalanche, San Jose Sharks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Phoenix Coyotes, Calgary Flames, Minnesota Wild,as well as playing a season with the ZSC Lions of National League A.
After playing A hockey for the Thorold bantam A's Nolan was selected in the second round of the 1988 OHL Priority Selection by the Cornwall Royals.
Nolan was drafted first overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, and played with them until nine games into the 1995–1996 season (this was the first season the team played in Denver as the Colorado Avalanche), when he was traded to the San Jose Sharks for defenceman Sandis Ozolinsh.
During his tenure with the Sharks he was named captain, and registered his best career year in 1999–2000, finishing with 84 points, and tied for second in the NHL with 44 goals.
That same year, the eighth seeded Sharks took out the first-seeded Blues in seven games with Nolan leading the way with six goals.
In game seven, Nolan scored with 10 seconds left in the first period from just past centre ice, beating goaltender Roman Turek to give the Sharks a 2-0 lead.
Nolan was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs just before the NHL trade deadline in 2003, for players Alyn McCauley and Brad Boyes, and Toronto's first-round pick in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft.
However his performance in Toronto was disappointing, he suffered from a series of injuries and never played at the same level as he had in San Jose.
Nolan broke new ground in contract negotiations, having a clause put in that stated if the 2004–05 NHL season was cancelled, then he would gain a player option for an additional year in 2005–06.
With the new NHL salary cap, the Maple Leafs deemed Nolan's salary too high, and refuse to recognize Nolan as under contract.
Nolan argued that the option was valid, that he would play, and be paid, for the Toronto Maple Leafs, and that he deserved to be paid during the 2004–2005 NHL lock-out due to injury.
The Maple Leafs, who deemed Nolan as healthy just after the lock-out, claimed that the injury was incurred off the ice and refused to pay Nolan's desired US$12 million.
This case was settled in late 2006, however, the terms of the agreement by Leafs management and Nolan were not disclosed.
Before the playoff push, Nolan indicated that several teams (including San Jose) wanted to sign him, but he decided not to play because he wanted to be at 100%, both because he did not want to become re-injured and because he felt he owed his team that.
In the summer of 2006, during free agency, Nolan contemplated joining many teams before signing a one-year, US $1 million contract with the Phoenix Coyotes.
He scored 16 goals to go with 24 assists during his only year in Phoenix before becoming a free agent once again.
On 30 January 2008, Nolan had his 11th career hat trick and first hat trick since 1999 in a 5-4 victory over former team the San Jose Sharks.
He was honoured as the game's first star as his hat trick included a short-handed goal and the game winner, and Nolan also had a decisive victory in a second-period scrap with Mike Grier.
On 13 April 2008, Nolan scored the game-winning goal in game three of the first round of the 2008 NHL Playoffs against his former team San Jose Sharks.
It was his first playoff goal since 2002, when he was a member of the Sharks and the 19th playoff goal of his 18-year career.
On 10 March 2009, Nolan scored his 400th (and 401st) goal of his NHL career with the Minnesota Wild against the San Jose Sharks.
A free agent prior to the 2010–11 season, and with the intention of continuing his NHL career, Nolan was unable to secure an NHL contract.
With the beginning of the season underway, in order to garner interest and keep in game condition, Nolan signed a one-month contract with Swiss team, ZSC Lions of the National League A, on 20 October 2010.
On 4 August 2011, Nolan signed a tryout contract with the Vancouver Canucks, returning to the NHL after a year in Switzerland.
On 7 February 2012, Nolan announced his retirement from professional hockey, at a press conference in San Jose five days before his 40th birthday.
He was the runner-up to Mark Recchi for the All-Star game MVP in 1997, during which he performed a memorable 'called shot', pointing to the top corner of the net on a breakaway and promptly scoring there against Dominik Hašek to complete a hat trick.
Nolan is one of six players in NHL history to be born in Ireland or Northern Ireland (Sid Finney, Bobby Kirk, Jim McFadden, Sammy McManus and Jack Riley are the others).
He moved to Thorold, Ontario when he was seven months old and grew up playing baseball and soccer; it was not until he was nine that he began skating.
Nolan owns two restaurants called Britannia Arms in San Jose, California He and his wife Diana have one daughter, Jordan, and one son, Dylan.
His generation was the second since emigrating from Russia and Austria; the paternal grandparents who immigrated to the United States had been a rabbi grandfather from Russia and a grandmother from Austria-Germany.
William Levitt served as company president, overseeing all aspects of the company except for the designs of the homes they built, which fell to William's brother Alfred.
Even before returning from the war, Levitt had experimented with mass housing projects, building a 1,600-shack community in Norfolk, Virginia, which was not a success - units remained unsold in 1950.
Levitt & Sons' first successful housing development was located on almost of land near Hempstead, Long Island and was named Levittown.
The assembly line construction method enabled Levitt to build more efficiently than other developers at the time, with teams of specialized workers following each other from house to house to complete incremental steps in the construction.
Levitt also reduced costs by freezing out union labor – a move which provoked picket lines – enabling him to use the latest technology, such as spray painting.
He also cut out middlemen and purchased many items, including lumber and televisions, directly from manufacturers, as well as constructing his own factory to produce nails.
His mass production of thousands of houses at virtually the same time allowed Levitt to sell them, fully furnished with modern appliances, for as little as $8,000 each ($65,000 in 2009 dollars), which, with the G.I.
During the 1960s, when Levitt was leading the company, Levitt & Sons developed properties beyond the American mainland, such as Levittown, Puerto Rico; Lésigny in Seine-et-Marne; and Mennecy in Essonne.
By the late 1960s, Levitt had become one of the richest men in America, with a fortune estimated in excess of $100 million.
The Jewish Levitt barred Jews from Strathmore, his first pre-Levittown development on Long Island in New York, and he refused to sell his homes to African Americans.
His sales contracts also forbade the resale of properties to blacks through restrictive covenants, although in 1957 a Jewish couple resold their house to the first black family to live in a Levitt home.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the American Civil Liberties Union opposed Levitt's racist policies, and the Federal Housing Administration prepared to refuse mortgages on his next Levittown.
After he had built over 140,000 houses around the world, then 60-year-old Levitt sold the company to ITT for $92 million ($ million today) in July 1967, of which $62 million was in the form of ITT stock.
ITT made Levitt president of the renamed Levitt Corp., on condition that Levitt could not move to another United States home building company for ten years.
He entered the agreement thinking he would play an active role in ITT affairs, but executives felt Levitt was too old to take on more responsibility.
After the restriction against Levitt moving to a new home building company in the United States expired, he was unable to repeat the success he had achieved with Levitt & Sons.
The ITT stock he often used for collateral on these ventures lost 90% of its value, saddling him with great debt.
The Levitt Corp. had their license to conduct business in Prince George's County, Maryland revoked in October 1978 after building inspectors found more than 2,500 code violations in 122 homes of their latest subdivision, Northview.
He was accused of misappropriation of funds from the charitable Levitt Foundation and agreed to repay $5 million, more than $5 million or $11 million (in 1992).
Levitt died from kidney disease at a hospital in Manhasset, New York on January 28, 1994, at the age of 86.
William Levitt came to symbolize the new suburban growth with his use of mass-production techniques to construct large developments of houses, eponymously named Levittowns, selling for under $10,000.
While he did not invent the building of communities of affordable single-family homes within driving distance of major areas of employment, his innovations in providing affordable housing popularized this type of planned community in the years following World War II.
At his height, when he was completing one suburban house every 11 minutes, Levitt compared his successes to those of Henry Ford's automobile assembly line.
The Horn Papers were a genealogical hoax consisting of forged historical records pertaining to the northeastern United States for the period from 1765 to 1795.
They were published by William Franklin Horn (1870-1956) of Topeka, Kansas between 1933 and 1936, and presented as a transcription of documents of his great-great-great grandfather, Jacob Horn (died 1778), and other members of the Horn family.
Because the papers appeared to supply information about famous historical figures and to fill gaps in existing historical knowledge, they were received enthusiastically despite some apparent contradictions.
Although a minority opposed William Horn, on August 11, 1936 his claims appeared to have been corroborated when he announced that he had dug up two lead plates dated 1795 in a location predicted by the papers.
The apparent find increased the confidence of members of the Greene County, Pennsylvania Historical Society, who sponsored the reissuing of the papers in book form.
Sexual penetration is the insertion of a body part or other object into a body orifice, such as the vagina, anus or mouth, as part of human sexual activity or animal sexual behavior.
Penetrative oral sex may involve penetration of the mouth by a penis (fellatio) or the use of the tongue to penetrate a woman's vagina or vulva (cunnilingus).
The insertion of an object, such as a dildo, vibrator or other sex toy, into a person's genital area or anus may also be considered sexual penetration.
Penetrative sex crimes are generally considered more serious than non-penetrative sex crimes, and sexual penetration of a child even more so.
Unlawful sexual penetration is generally an offense irrespective of how deep the penetration was and irrespective of whether ejaculation of semen took place.
The London SS is a British pub rock group founded in March 1975 by drummer Geir Wade, bassist John Brown, guitarist Mick Jones, and guitarist Eunan Brady (formerly of the Hollywood Brats).
In 2012 Brady put together a new lineup, featuring himself along with Jimi McDonald, Taj Sagoo, Michael Kane, and Andi Emm.
In an effort to soften the blow of Mick's sacking, Blacklock suggested that he team up with the new band, minus James.
Besides Blacklock and James, guitarist Brian James (no relation to Tony James) was the only other semi-permanent member at this time.
Other musicians who played with them included Matt Dangerfield and Casino Steel, then members of The Hollywood Brats, who would later go on to play in The Boys.
Rat Scabies, future drummer for The Damned, played with the band even though he was in his own protopunk band, Rot, at the time.
Roland Hot also served as drummer, before joining Kid Rogers and the Henchmen, with Kid Rogers (guitarist) and Doug McArthur (Bass).
Brian James and Rat Scabies joined Johnny Moped guitarist Ray Burns and backed up music journalist Nick Kent in the shortlived Subterraneans.
Ultimately, The London SS members were more famous for what they did later than they were for anything that they accomplished during the band's existence.
During his playing career, Turgeon played in the NHL for the Buffalo Sabres, New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens, St. Louis Blues, Dallas Stars and Colorado Avalanche.
In his rookie season, he contributed a respectable 42 points (14 goals, 28 assists) during the 1987–88 season, helping the Sabres reach the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in three years.
His production increased to 88 points (34 goals and 54 assists) for the 1988–99 season as he quickly became a fan favourite.
In the 1989–90 season, he became a star by scoring 106 points (40 goals and 66 assists) and playing in the 1990 NHL All-Star Game.
Turgeon's production dipped a little bit in the 1990–91 season to 79 points (32 goals and 47 assists), but he was still a solid performer.
On October 25, 1991, after over four years with the Sabres, Turgeon was traded (along with Benoît Hogue, Uwe Krupp and Dave McLlwain) to the New York Islanders in exchange for Pat LaFontaine, Randy Wood, Randy Hillier and future considerations.
Turgeon's best season as an Islander was in 1992–93, where he scored 58 goals and 132 points and helped lead the Islanders to the Wales Conference Finals, where they would lose to eventual Stanley Cup champion Montreal Canadiens in five games.
After scoring a series-clinching goal during game six at Nassau Coliseum, Turgeon was checked from behind by Dale Hunter of the Capitals as he celebrated his goal.
During the 1994–95 NHL lockout in which the 1994–95 season was limited to 48 games, Islanders general manager Don Maloney decided to rebuild the team, which included trading Turgeon and Vladimir Malakhov to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Kirk Muller, Mathieu Schneider and Craig Darby.
Turgeon would be named captain of the Canadiens for the 1995–96 season after the departure of Mike Keane to the Colorado Avalanche in December 1995.
During the 1995–96 season, Turgeon would nearly record a 100-point season with 38 goals and 58 assists for 96 points; he would also play in the 1996 NHL All-Star Game.
On October 29, 1996, Turgeon was traded to the St. Louis Blues (along with Rory Fitzpatrick and Craig Conroy) in exchange for Murray Baron, Shayne Corson and a fifth-round pick in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.
Turgeon spent the next five seasons in St. Louis, producing well with the likes of Brett Hull, Chris Pronger, Al MacInnis and Grant Fuhr as teammates.
On July 1, 2001, Turgeon joined the Dallas Stars as a free agent, followed by the Colorado Avalanche as a free agent on August 3, 2005.
Upon signing with the Avalanche, Turgeon switched his jersey number to #87 from his customary #77, as the number was retired by Colorado for Ray Bourque.
On November 8, 2005, Turgeon became the 34th player in NHL history to score 500 goals, doing so against the San Jose Sharks.
He is the highest-scoring player in NHL history who is otherwise eligible and has not been elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame.
On June 8, 2018, the Kings announced that they had accepted Turgeon's resignation to leave the organization due to family reasons.
George W. Strawbridge, Jr., an active shareholder of the Buffalo Sabres and director and member of the team's executive committee for more than 30 years, named one of his thoroughbred racehorses in Pierre Turgeon's honor.
Turgeon raced for Strawbridge's racing stable in France where he won several conditions races and, after retiring, is developing into a successful sire.
One of their children, Elizabeth, died in a car accident on December 23, 2010, near Vaughn, New Mexico, at age 18.
An Undang is a ruling chief or territorial chief who still play an important role in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Malaysia's modern day constitution confirms the status of the Undang under Article 71, 160, 181 and Eight Schedule of Federal Constitution as Malay Ruler within the Federation.
The Undangs carry out duties such as co-head of state, co-head of Islam as state religion, upholding and safeguarding Bumiputera special position in Negeri Sembilan, attending the state opening of the legislative assembly and electing the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan, who is also the co-head of state of Negeri Sembilan.
Seri Menanti is a town, a mukim and a state assembly constituency in the Kuala Pilah District, in central Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
It is the royal town of the state of Negeri Sembilan and houses the seat of the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan or Yamtuan Besar, the ruler of the state of Negeri Sembilan.
The design has subtle hints of Minangkabau architecture, has five levels rising to a height of sixty seven feet or approximately twenty meters high and has ninety nine columns to support the main structure.
The drawings and plans for Istana Lama was detailed by Mr. Woodford (Public Works Department) based on the designs provided by two local craftsmen, Kahar and Taib.
The Istana Lama has been designated as a national heritage site and was converted into a Royal Museum in 1992 and is currently closed to the public to facilitate repairs and upgrading works which is expected to be completed in 2020.
There is also the Ladang Alam Warisan located in Kampong Tengah which has horseback riding and horseback archery and lodging facilities.
Among the villages in the area are Kampung Tanah Datar, Kampung Tengah, Kampung Gamin, Kampung Istana Lama, Kampung Sikai, Kampung Buyau, Kampung Batu Hampar, Kampung Mertang Seberang, Kampung Merual, Kampung Galau, Kampung Masjid Terbakar, Kampung Padang Biawas, Kampung Jumbang, Kampong Gunung Pasir and others.
A few traditionally styled houses, a derivative of the Minangkabau design Rumah Gadang remain standing around Seri Menanti and in the adjacent villages.
Seri Menanti located about 33.2 km from Seremban via Jalan Kuala Pilah-Seremban (Route 51) with a right turn at the junction at kampung Terachi on to N29.
The N24 continues on to Senaling which is about 12 km away and connects on to Route 9 with Kuala Pilah (left turn), Johol and Tampin (right turn).
The town consists of a row of wooden shop houses, a Post Office, a Police station, a government clinic (Klinik Kesihatan), a general purpose hall (Dewan Tunku Ampuan Najihah), a primary school SRK Tunku Laxamana Nasir and a secondary school SMK Tunku Besar Burhanuddin.
The incumbent Tunku Besar of Seri Menanti is Tunku Ali Redhauddin, the eldest son of the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir.
In March 2017, it was the site of the CIMB CYCLE @ SERI MENANTI 2017 which comprised the 120 km Endurance Route and 35 km Challenge Route.
In February 2009, the Unity, Culture, Arts and Heritage Minister Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal announced that the Istana Lama Seri Menanti is among ten historical structures in Malaysia gazetted as a national heritage, along with Victoria Institution in Kuala Lumpur and The Stadthuys in Malacca.
Several key initiators of the KMUK ended up as major figures in the struggle for independence against the British colonial power.
The New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations (ILR) is an industrial relations school at Cornell University, located in Ithaca, New York, United States.
The School has six academic departments which include: Economics, Human Resource Management, International and Comparative Labor, Labor Relations, Organizational Behavior, and Social Statistics.
Established by the state legislature in 1945, the school is a statutory or contract college through the State University of New York (SUNY) system and receives funding from the State of New York.
It was the world's first school for college-level study in workplace issues and remains as one of the leading institutions for industrial relations.
More specifically, the State Legislature established the school in 1945 based on the recommendations of the New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Industrial and Labor Conditions.
Ives, along with others in the committee, determined that a fundamental dysfunction in the relationship between management and labor was that each group brought different technical information and skills to the negotiating table and that these differences were hindering the formation of mutually favorable outcomes.
In other words, it was the committee’s recommendation to provide common training to leaders from all perspectives of the management-labor debate.
It was hoped that this common training would stabilize the negotiating table by producing leaders on all sides who have common technical information and competencies.
However, due to time constraints, the school soon moved into quonset huts on the Ithaca campus and later into buildings vacated by the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine.
Milton R. Konvitz, who was a labor-law expert, was a founding faculty member and remained active until his death in 2003.
Frances Perkins, who served as Secretary of Labor for 12 years under Franklin D. Roosevelt, joined the faculty and served until her death in 1965.
The first two years consisted of many social science classes such as American history and government, sociology, psychology, economics, and law.
The last two years of coursework were the technical core: classes that were expected to provide the students with the technical skills and competencies which enable them to develop professional expertise within the field of industrial and labor relations.
To fulfill this expectation, students would spend three of their summers working in the field for each of the following types of organizations: industrial or commercial, government, and labor.
Between its founding in 1945 and 1960, the school was housed in temporary quarters in quonset huts on the engineering quadrangle.
Original plans called for an I&LR school to be built behind Phillips Hall on part of Hoy Field, but these plans were rejected by school alumni.
Between 1959-1961, a new ILR quadrangle was constructed using state funds on land formerly occupied by the Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine.
Of these, the 1911 building housing the ILR Conference Center (and renamed King-Shaw Hall in 2012) is listed on the register of historic structures.
The main campus occupies a quad near the center of Cornell, comprising an academic building, a research building, an extension building, a conference center, and a library.
Ives Hall, named after ILR founding dean Irving Ives, is the academic building and is divided into a classroom/student wing and a faculty wing.
Also on the quad is the Martin P. Catherwood Library, which is one of only two official depository libraries of the International Labour Organization (the other being the Library of Congress).
The ILR Conference Center, with its distinctive belfry atop, hosts special training sessions and recruiting events and offices for the United Auto Workers.
Recently, the State also renovated the faculty wing of Ives Hall at a cost of $14 million, and in 2004, New York State completed extensively renovations of three other campus buildings.
ILR also has campuses in Albany, New York, Buffalo, New York, Rochester, New York and an extension building in New York City - the headquarters of the R. Brinkley Smithers Institute for Alcohol-Related Workplace Studies and Institute for Workplace Studies.
The 1911 building which houses the ILR Conference Center was rededicated as Patricia G. and Rubén Jose King-Shaw, Jr. Hall in 2012.
The school is divided into six departments: Labor Relations, Law and History; Human Resource Studies; International and Comparative Labor; Economics; Organizational Behavior; and Social Statistics.
While most such schools offer only masters and PhD degrees in human resources or labor relations, Cornell is one of a few that offer a four-year undergraduate program focused on work and employment, the B.S.
All students are required to complete a 120 credit hour curriculum with the following general requirements: First-year students are required to complete two writing seminars, Introduction to Organizational Behavior, Introduction to U.S. Labor History, as well as Introductory Microeconomics and Introductory Macroeconomics.
Sophomore year students have the following course requirements: Introductory Statistics, Labor and Employment Law, Human Resource Management, Labor Relations, Economics of Wages and Unemployment, and an advanced writing course.
In 2016, 10 percent of undergraduates went on to attend law school and seven percent earn an MBA or other advanced degree.
Graduate-level degrees offered through the Graduate School include the Master of Industrial and Labor Relations (MILR), the dual MILR/Master of Business Administration (MBA) (joint with the Johnson School), the Master of Professional Studies (MPS), the Executive Master of Human Resource Management, and the M.S./Ph.D.
Graduate students may also complete a semester abroad or a one-year-additional dual-degree Master in Management from ESCP Europe at any one of its campuses: Paris, Torino, Berlin, Madrid, or London.
The school's contingent has claimed the title at the National MBA Human Capital Case Competition five times (the most of any school)—2007, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015.
Through eCornell, a wholly owned subsidiary of Cornell University, the School of Industrial and Labor Relations offers a series of professional development certificate programs.
These Human Resources management certificates are developed by faculty and seasoned HR practitioners from the ILR school and the courses bring together the insights and work of leading academic researchers with instruction grounded in practice and focused on real-world application.
The school's extension program provides training and consulting services to both organized labor and management on contract negotiations, handling grievances, and employee relations.
ILR also offers online learning courses and materials through eCornell, and its international program hosts scholars from other nations to conduct research in Ithaca as visiting fellows.
Current and former faculty include Charles Tharp, former SVP of HR at Bristol-Myers Squibb and Saks; Kevin Hallock, board member for WorldatWork; Francine D. Blau (also ILR alumna), first female recipient of the IZA Prize; and the 4th U.S. Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins—the first female U.S.
Cabinet member, the longest-serving (12 years) Secretary of Labor, witness to the Triangle Factory fire, and champion of both the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Social Security Act.
Tengku Alam Shah Temenggong,Tengku Ali Iskandar Shah was a prince of the House of Bendahara (Johor), and was the oldest son of Sultan Ali, the 19th Sultan of Johor by his second wife, Daing Siti.
Following his father's death in 1877, Tengku Alam and his supporters made an active pursuit to his claims for the Kesang territory and was publicly proclaimed as the Sultan of Johor and Pahang with the regnal name of Alauddin Alam Shah during his marriage ceremony in 1879.
Within the same year, a brief civil war erupted in Jementah, after repeated attempts to get his claims to the Kesang territory being recognised failed.
The Sultan's decision took Tengku Alam and his supporters in Singapore to anger, who felt that Tengku Alam should inherit his father's properties given that he was the eldest son.
The British on their part, refused to recognise Sultan Ali's will on his son's (Tengku Mahmud) hereditary claims to the Kesang territory.
Meanwhile, the chieftains and village headmen in the Kesang territory held their own elections for a new leader, and voted for the Maharaja of Johor, Abu Bakar to take charge of Muar, which the British accepted the outcome of the poll.
Supporters of Tengku Alam had criticised the irregularities in the electoral process, by claiming that the Maharaja had coerced the Muar chiefs into voting for him prior to the election, and called for an election with Tengku Alam's family members as the electors.
Tengku Alam's supporters argued that the 1855 secession treaty which Sultan Ali had signed with Temenggong of Johor guaranteed the hereditary rights of Sultan Ali's family members to the Kesang territory.
Tengku Alam's claims were fell on deaf ears, and the British government, with the assistance of Engku Mandak, proceeded with the electoral process into 1878.
Meanwhile, the British authorities allowed Tengku Alam to inherit the $500 monthly allowance which Sultan Ali had received from the Temenggong's family, and gave him an additional $68 monthly allowance from the British East India Company.
An angry Tengku Alam was declined these allowances from the British, and was said to have used abusive language when they were offered to him.
Tengku Alam's proclamation briefly generated serious concern from Maharaja Abu Bakar and the British government, who feared that Abu Bakar's political position could be a sign of a potential threat to his political position, especially after Tengku Alam had made a public declaration to challenge Abu Bakar for his claims to the Kesang territory.
In October, a frustrated Tengku Alam and his supporters launched a civil war in Jementah which was quickly subdued by the British authorities.
Tengku Alam returned to Singapore and lived out his remaining years quietly at Istana Kampong Glam, where he died in 1891.
He was recognised as the head of the royal household by his family members, and occasionally handled administrative affairs pertaining to the royal household.
The Istana was recognised as state property, but the British government (and later the Singapore government) quietly allowed members of the royal household to live in it until the 1990s.
Sebastian Inlet State Park is a Florida State Park located 10 miles south of Melbourne Beach and 6 miles north of Vero Beach, Florida.
The park occupies on the barrier island on the Atlantic coast of Brevard County, at a point where a channel links the Indian River intracoastal waterway with the Atlantic.
The site where the survivors camped was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1970, under the title of Spanish Fleet Survivors and Salvors Camp Site.
The park mainly provides leisure activities, particularly fishing from both its Atlantic and Indian River shores; fishing jetties extend from both sides of the inlet into the ocean.
Boats can be launched into the Indian River, and there is a marina complex at the north end of the park.
Wildlife is abundant in the park, and the casual visitor can reasonably hope to see ospreys and many species of shorebird.
Sea turtles nest in the park, and visitors during the summer may make reservations for a nighttime foray to observe nesting Loggerhead Turtles.
Tidal pool (Robert Campbell Cove) within the State Park contains varied marine and bird life and permits a safe area for swimming and a beach for children.
COLREGs can also refer to the specific political line that divides inland waterways, which are subject to their own navigation rules, and coastal waterways which are subject to international navigation rules.
Although rules for navigating vessels inland may differ, the international rules specify that they should be as closely in line with the international rules as possible.
In most of continental Europe, the Code Européen des Voies de la Navigation Intérieure (CEVNI, or the European Code for Navigation on Inland Waters) apply.
The Racing Rules of Sailing, which govern the conduct of yacht and dinghy racing under the sanction of national sailing authorities which are members of the International Sailing Federation (ISAF), are based on the COLREGs, but differ in some important matters such as overtaking and right of way close to turning marks in competitive sailing.
Prior to the development of a single set of international rules and practices, there existed separate practices and various conventions and informal procedures in different parts of the world, as advanced by various maritime nations.
Vessel navigation lights for operating in darkness as well as navigation marks also were not standardised, giving rise to dangerous confusion and ambiguity between vessels at risk of colliding.
With the advent of steam-powered ships in the mid-19th century, conventions for sailing vessel navigation had to be supplemented with conventions for power-driven vessel navigation.
Sailing vessels are limited as to their manoeuvrability in that they cannot sail directly into the wind and cannot be readily navigated in the absence of wind.
On the other hand, steamships can manoeuvre in all 360 degrees of direction and can be manoeuvred irrespective of the presence or absence of wind.
The Trinity House rules were included in the Steam Navigation Act 1846, and the Admiralty regulations regarding lights for steam ships were included in this statute in 1848.
In the UK in 1858 coloured sidelights were recommended for sailing vessels and fog signals were required to be given, by steam vessels on the ships whistle and by sailing vessels on the fog horn or bell, while a separate but similar action was also taken in the United States.
Also in 1850, courts in the England and the United States adopted common law pertaining to reasonable speed within the Assured Clear Distance Ahead.
In 1863 a new set of rules drawn up by the British Board of Trade, in consultation with the French government, came into force.
In 1880, the 1863 Articles were supplemented with whistle signals and in 1884 a new set of international regulations was implemented.
With the recommendation that the direction of a turn be referenced by the rudder instead of the helm or tiller being informally agreed by all maritime nations in 1935.
International Conference made several recommendations, including the recognition of radar these were eventually ratified in 1952 and became effective in 1954.
They were designed to update and replace the Collision Regulations of 1960, particularly with regard to Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) following the first of these, introduced in the Strait of Dover in 1967.
As of June 2013, the convention has been ratified by 155 states representing 98.7% of the tonnage of the world's merchant fleets.
In 1987 amendments were made to several rules, including rule 1(e) for vessels of special construction; rule 3(h), vessels constrained by her draught and Rule 10(c), crossing traffic lanes.
In 2001 new rules were added relating to wing-in-ground-effect (WIG) craft and in 2007 the text of Annex IV (Distress signals) was rewritten.
Individual governing bodies must pass legislation to establish or assign such authority, as well as to create national navigation laws (and subsequent specific regulations) which conform to the international convention; each national administration is thereafter responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the regulations as it applies to ships and vessels under its legal authority.
As well, each administrations are typically empowered to enact modifications that apply to vessels in waters under the national jurisdiction concerned, provided that any such modifications are not inconsistent with the COLREGs.
The full texts of current rules, as they apply in various national jurisdictions, are available in book form, and likewise from various national administration websites.
The multiple books are thus in many languages, and not only provide the rules, but also provide discussion and examples related to interpreting the raw rules, including diagrams and hypothetical cases.
Certain individuals are legally required to carry or possess a copy of the rules, such as the owners and/or operators of certain vessels, and individuals subject to the rules are expected be aware of them.
Material published by the MCA is subject to Crown copyright protection, but the MCA allows it to be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for research or private study, provided it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context.
A commonly held misconception concerning the rules of marine navigation is that by following specific rules, a vessel can gain certain rights of way over other vessels.
A stand on vessel does not have an absolute right of way over any give way vessel, and is not free to maneuver however it wishes, but is obliged to keep a constant course and speed (so as to help the give way vessel in determining a safe course).
Furthermore, a stand on vessel may still be obliged (under Rule 2 and Rule 17) to give way, in particular when a situation has arisen where a collision can no longer be avoided by actions of the give way vessel alone.
Contracting Parties shall use the provisions of the Code for Implementation in the execution of their obligations and responsibilities contained in the present Convention.
(a) Every Contracting Party shall be subject to periodic audits by the Organization in accordance with the audit standard to verify compliance with and implementation of the present Convention.
(b) The Secretary-General of the Organization shall have responsibility for administering the Audit Scheme, based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.
(c) Every Contracting Party shall have responsibility for facilitating the conduct of the audit and implementation of a programme of actions to address the findings, based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.
The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for the purpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of other signals which may be confused with any of the above signals is prohibited.
Before 1850 there were just a few farmsteads on Swarth Moor, and Swarthmoor Hall, which is located to the east of today's village.
George Fox (1624-1691), a founder of the Quakers, came to the area in 1652 and was later allowed by Judge Thomas Fell (1598–1658) to use Swarthmoor Hall as a meeting place.
The modern village of Swarthmoor grew in the mid-19th century, with houses built to accommodate the workers from nearby iron ore mines, particularly the Lindal Moor Mines.
Some of the houses in Fox Street were built by John Bolton ('Old Daddy Bolton'), who was a surveyor and geologist.
In 1883 a reading room on Fox Street was opened by Lord Muncaster, as a place for local miners to read newspapers – the Reading Rooms building is now used by village organisations, its upper floor is the church of St Leonard.
Swarthmoor is home to Swarthmoor Social Football Club Founded in 1946, the club has two adult teams who play in the Furness Premier League.
It, like other members of its genus, Ceratophrys, is commonly called the Pac-man frog, because of its resemblance to the video game character of the same name.
The backs of these frogs typically have dark green and brown coloration, although albino variants with orange and yellow backs also exist.
However, due to a row a teeth along their upper jaw, they are unable to release prey from their mouth causing them to potentially die by choking.
At extreme temperatures, Cranwell's frogs enter a period of estivation, developing a thick layer of protective skin to trap moisture and aid in respiration.
In many cases, the frog uses its jaws to help pull the skin over its back, often eating the skin in the process.
As a rule of thumb, these frogs should be fed every 1–2 days until the age of 18 months, at which point they should be fed once every 4–7 days.
Because of their large mouths, these frogs are particularly susceptible to impaction, a condition whereby the frog's gastrointestinal tract is obstructed by a foreign body accidentally swallowed.
The foreign body can be almost anything, but in Pacman frogs kept as pets, it is commonly a small rock or piece of gravel used as substrate.
Impaction often leads to constipation and malnutrition, and possibly death unless treated promptly with laxatives such as the osmotic diuretic lactulose.
In severe cases, the volume of feces in the intestines is so large that the lungs are obstructed and the frog's breathing is impaired.
Coccoloba is a genus of about 120–150 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics.
The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, in South America, the Caribbean and Central America, with two species extending into Florida.
The leaves are alternate, often large (to very large in some species; up to 36 in (90 cm) wide in C. pubescens), with the leaves on juvenile plants often larger and of different shape to those of mature plants.
The fruit is a three-angled achene, surrounded by an often brightly coloured fleshy perianth, edible in some species, though often astringent.
He spent a part of his childhood in Kentucky and in upstate New York where he attended the Northwood School, a private school in Lake Placid, and was a member of the ski jump team.
Platt saw the advantages of using videotape over film, and his crew shot the production with electronic TV cameras and portable VTRs, then had the images transferred to film for theatrical release.
On March 19, 1974, Platt was found dead in his Santa Monica apartment, at the age of 58; Initially it was reported that he had died from a heart attack, but Platt's son later admitted his father's death was from suicide, after a long struggle with untreated depression.
Forward chaining starts with the available data and uses inference rules to extract more data (from an end user, for example) until a goal is reached.
An inference engine using forward chaining searches the inference rules until it finds one where the antecedent (If clause) is known to be true.
When such a rule is found, the engine can conclude, or infer, the consequent (Then clause), resulting in the addition of new information to its data.
Because the data determines which rules are selected and used, this method is called data-driven, in contrast to goal-driven backward chaining inference.
One of the advantages of forward-chaining over backward-chaining is that the reception of new data can trigger new inferences, which makes the engine better suited to dynamic situations in which conditions are likely to change.
A basement or cellar is one or more floors of a building that are completely or partly below the ground floor.
It generally is used as a utility space for a building, where such items as the boiler, water heater, breaker panel or fuse box, car park, and air-conditioning system are located; so also are amenities such as the electrical distribution system and cable television distribution point.
In cities with high property prices, such as London, basements are often fitted out to a high standard and used as living space.
A basement can be used in almost exactly the same manner as an additional above-ground floor of a house or other building.
However, the use of basements depends largely on factors specific to a particular geographical area such as climate, soil, seismic activity, building technology, and real estate economics.
Basements in small buildings such as single-family detached houses are rare in wet climates such as Great Britain and Ireland where flooding can be a problem, though they may be used on larger structures.
However, basements are considered standard on all but the smallest new buildings in many places with temperate continental climates such as the American Midwest and the Canadian Prairies where a concrete foundation below the frost line is needed in any case, to prevent a building from shifting during the freeze-thaw cycle.
Basements are much easier to construct in areas with relatively soft soils and may be foregone in places where the soil is too compact for easy excavation.
Their use may be restricted in earthquake zones, because of the possibility of the upper floors collapsing into the basement; on the other hand, they may be required in tornado-prone areas as a shelter against violent winds.
Adding a basement can also reduce heating and cooling costs as it is a form of earth sheltering, and a way to reduce a building's surface area-to-volume ratio.
Large powered excavation machines such as backhoes and front-end loaders have reduced the time and manpower needed to dig a basement dramatically as compared to digging by hand with a spade, although this method may still be used in the developing world.
It could be little more than a cellar, or it could be a section of a building containing rooms and spaces similar to those of the rest of the structure, as in the case of basement flats and basement offices.
However, beginning with the development of large, mid-priced suburban homes in the 1950s, the basement, as a space in its own right, gradually took hold.
Initially, it was typically a large, concrete-floored space, accessed by indoor stairs, with exposed columns and beams along the walls and ceilings, or sometimes, walls of poured concrete or concrete cinder block.
A daylight basement is contained in a house where at least part of the floor goes above ground to provide reasonably-sized windows.
However, there are instances where the terrain dips enough from one side to another to allow for 3/4 to full-size windows, with the actual floor remaining below grade.
In most parts of North America, it is legal to set up apartments and legal bedrooms in daylight basements, whether or not the entire basement is above grade.
In some parts of the US, however, the appraisal for daylight basement space is half that of ground and above ground level square footage.
This can either be through a stairwell leading above ground, or a door directly outside if a portion of the basement is completely at or above grade.
The only exceptions are when the entire basement is nearly entirely underground, and a stairwell leads up nearly a floors worth of vertical height to lead to the outdoors.
Walk-out basements with at-grade doors on one side typically are worth a lot more, but are more costly to construct since the foundation is still constructed to reach below the frost line.
At-grade walk-out basements are on the door-side often used as livable space for the house, with the buried portion used for utilities and storage.
In the homes where there is any type of basement mentioned above, such as a look-out basement, all of the volume of the subbasements from floor to ceiling are located well below ground.
In the homes that have subbasements, all of the basement can be used as part of the main home where people relax and do recreational things, while all of the subbasement can be used for storage.
Subbasements are even more susceptible to flooding and water damage than basements and are therefore rare, except in dry climates and at higher elevations.
The subbasement of the US Capitol Building is used as storage and that in the White House is used to store guest items.
Cellars are more common in the UK in older houses, with most terraced housing built during late 19th and early 20th centuries having cellars.
Tornado Alley), cellars still serve as shelter in the event of a direct hit on the house from a tornado or other storm damage caused by strong winds.
In the UK, almost all new homes built since the 1960s have no cellar or basement due to the extra cost of digging down further into the sub-soil and a requirement for much deeper foundations and waterproof tanking.
The reverse has recently become common, where the impact of smaller home-footprints has led to roof-space being utilised for further living space and now many new homes are built with third-floor living accommodation.
For this reason, especially where lofts have been converted into living space, people tend to use garages for the storage of food freezers, tools, bicycles, garden and outdoor equipment.
The majority of continental European houses have cellars, although a large proportion of people live in apartments or flats rather than houses.
However, full basements are commonplace in new houses in the Canadian and American Midwest and other areas subject to tornado activity or requiring foundations below the frost line.
An underground crawl space (as the name implies) is a type of basement in which one cannot stand up—the height may be as little as one foot (30 cm), and the surface is often soil.
Crawl spaces offer a convenient access to pipes, substructures and a variety of other areas that may be difficult or expensive to access otherwise.
While a crawl space cannot be used as living space, it can be used as storage, often for infrequently used items.
Care must be taken in doing so, however, as water from the damp ground, water vapour (entering from crawl space vents), and moisture seeping through porous concrete can create a perfect environment for mould/mildew to form on any surface in the crawl space, especially cardboard boxes, wood floors and surfaces, drywall and some types of insulation.
As air warms in a home, it rises and leaves through the upper regions of the house, much in the same way that air moves through a chimney.
Mould spores, decomposition odours, and fecal material from dust mites in the crawl space can come up with the air, aggravating asthma and other breathing problems, and creating a variety of health concerns.
It is usually desirable to finish a crawl space with a plastic vapour barrier that will not support mold growth or allow humidity from the earth into the crawl space.
This helps insulate the crawl space and discourages the habitation of insects and vermin by breaking the ecological chain in which insects feed off the mould and vermin feed on the insects, as well as creating a physical inorganic barrier that deters entrance into the space.
Vapour barriers can end at the wall or be run up the wall and fastened to provide even more protection against moisture infiltration.
Such vents are usually fitted with metal grating, mesh, or louvers which can block the movement of rodents and vermin but generally not insects such as termites and carpenter ants.
While crawl space vents do allow outside air to ventilate into the home, the ability of that air to dry out the crawl space is debatable.
In areas with humid summers, during the summer months, the air vented into a crawl space will be humid, and as it enters the crawl space, which has been cooled naturally by the earth, the relative humidity of the air will rise.
In those cases, crawl space vents can even increase the humidity level of a crawl space and lead to condensation on cool surfaces within, such as metal and wood.
In the winter, crawl space vents should be shut off entirely, to keep out the cold winter air which can cool hot water pipes, furnaces, and water heaters stored within.
By sealing off all openings in the crawl space, including the vents, unconditioned outside air is kept out of the home.
Unless constructed in very cold climates, the frost line is not so deep as to justify an entire level below the ground, although it is usually deep enough that a basement is the assumed standard.
In places with oddly stratified soil substrata or high water tables, such as most of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and areas within of the Gulf of Mexico, basements are usually not financially feasible unless the building is a large apartment or commercial structure.
A water stop, some gravel and a french drain may need to be used to prevent water from entering the basement at the bottom of the wall.
Some designs elect to simply leave a crawl space under the house, rather than a full basement due to structural challenges.
Even so, basements in Canada and the northern United States were typically only in height, rather than the standard full of the main floors.
Older homes may have even lower basement heights as the basement walls were concrete block and thus, could be customized to any height.
If there are posts supporting a main floor beam to form a post and beam system, these posts typically go right through the basement floor to a footing underneath the basement floor.
Modern construction for basement walls typically falls into one of two categories: they will be made of poured-in-place concrete using concrete forms with a concrete pump, or they will use concrete masonry units (block walls).
In monolithic architecture, large parts of the building are made of concrete; in insulating concrete form construction, the concrete walls may be hidden with an exterior finish or siding.
Inside the structure, a single Lally column, steel basement jack, wooden column or support post may hold up the floor above in a small basement.
Heating ducts typically run in the ceiling of the basement (since there is not an empty floor below to run the ducts).
In countries such as Canada, laminate flooring is an exception: It is typically separated from the concrete by only a thin foam underlay.
Even if unfinished and unoccupied, basements are heated in order to ensure relative warmth of the floor above, and to prevent water supply pipes, drains, etc.
In Canada, the walls of a finished basement are typically insulated to the floor with vapor barriers to prevent moisture transmission.
However, a finished basement should avoid wood or wood-laminate flooring, and metal framing and other moisture resistant products should be used.
Below-ground structures will never be as dry as one above ground, and measures must be taken to circulate air and dehumidify the area.
Basement floor drains that connect to sanitary sewers need to be filled regularly to prevent the trap from drying out and sewer gas from escaping into the basement.
Health Canada advocates the use of special radon gas traps for floor drains that lead to soil or to a sealed sump pump.
In areas where storm and sanitary sewers are combined, and there is the risk of flooding and sewage backing up, backwater valves in all basement drains may be mandated by code and definitely are recommended even if not mandated.
If the water table outside the basement is above the height of the basement floor, then the foundation drains or the weeping tiles outside the footings may be insufficient to keep the basement dry.
If the draintiles become clogged by leaves or debris from the rain gutters, the roof water would cause basement flooding through the draintile.
There are draining membranes that can be applied to the outside of the basement that create channels for water against the basement wall to flow to the foundation drains.
Waterproofing on the outside requires the expense of excavation, but does offer a number of advantages for a homeowner over the long term.
The unfinished design, found principally in spaces larger than the traditional cellar, is common in residences throughout the U.S. and Canada.
One usually finds within it a water heater, various pipes running along the ceiling and downwards to the floor, and sometimes a workbench, a freezer or refrigerator, or a washer/dryer set.
Boxes of various materials, and objects unneeded in the rest of the house, are also often stored there; in this regard, the unfinished basement takes the place both of the cellar and of the attic.
Home workshops are often located in the basement, since sawdust, metal chips, and other mess or noise are less of a nuisance there.
In this case the space has been designed, either during construction or at a later point by the owners, to function as a fully habitable addition to the house.
Frequently most or all of the basement is used as a recreation room or living room, but it is not uncommon as well to find there (either instead of or alongside the living/recreation room) a guest bedroom or teenager's room, a bathroom, a home office, a home gym, a home theater, a basement bar, a sauna, and one or more closets.
Occasionally a part of the basement is unfurnished and is used for storage, a workshop, and/or a laundry room; when this is the case the water heater and furnace will also often be located there, although in some cases the entire basement is finished, and the water heater and furnace are boxed off into a closet.
The main point of distinction between this type of basement and the two others lies in its being either entirely unmodified (unlike the finished basement) beyond the addition of furniture, recreational objects and appliances, and/or exercise equipment on the bare floor, or slightly modified through the installation (besides any or all of the aforementioned items) of loose carpet and perhaps simple light fixtures.
It is also common to have a secondary (or primary) home office in a partially finished basement, as well as a workbench and/or a space for laundry appliances.
Toilets and showers sometimes exist in this variety of basement, as many North American basements are designed to allow for their installation.
In London the construction of finished retrofit basements is big business with a large number of projects in the 100–200 square meter bracket.
Hospitals often place their nuclear chemistry and radiation therapy and diagnostic resources in basements to utilize the shielding from the earth.
In Canada, historically the basement area was excluded from advertised square footage of a house as it was not part of the living space.
Due to fire code requirements, most jurisdictions require an emergency egress (through either egress-style windows, or, in the case of a walk-out basement, a door) to include the basement square footage as living space.
Gautier started his career as a nightclub comic and a singer; he joined ASCAP in 1959 after serving in the United States Navy.
In 1973, when Burt Ward and Yvonne Craig reprised their Batman roles (as Robin and Batgirl respectively) for a TV public service announcement about equal pay for women, Adam West, who was trying to distance himself from the Batman role at the time, declined to participate.
Gautier attended TFcon 2013 as a guest where he reprised his role as Rodimus Prime from the Transformers series for a voice play.
Regional elections were held in Belgium, to choose representatives in the regional councils of Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels and the German-speaking Community on 13 June 1999.
The incumbent Flemish Government consisted of the Christian democrats (CVP) and the Socialist Party (SP), led by Minister-President Luc Van den Brande (CVP).
Also notable was the continuation of the rise of Vlaams Blok, especially in the constituency of Antwerp where Filip Dewinter was candidate and where the party received 25% of the votes, or as much as 30% in the city of Antwerp itself.
In chess, it is called retrograde analysis, and it is used to generate table bases for chess endgames for computer chess.
It is one of the two most commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical implications – the other is forward chaining.
Backward chaining starts with a list of goals (or a hypothesis) and works backwards from the consequent to the antecedent to see if any data supports any of these consequents.
An inference engine using backward chaining would search the inference rules until it finds one with a consequent (Then clause) that matches a desired goal.
If the antecedent (If clause) of that rule is known to be true, then it is added to the list of goals (for one's goal to be confirmed one must also provide data that confirms this new rule).
Note that the goals always match the affirmed versions of the consequents of implications (and not the negated versions as in modus tollens) and even then, their antecedents are then considered as the new goals (and not the conclusions as in affirming the consequent), which ultimately must match known facts (usually defined as consequents whose antecedents are always true); thus, the inference rule used is modus ponens.
Because the list of goals determines which rules are selected and used, this method is called goal-driven, in contrast to data-driven forward-chaining inference.
In 1997 NASA estimated there were approximately 2,465 artificial satellite payloads orbiting the Earth and 6,216 pieces of space debris as tracked by the Goddard Space Flight Center.
A spacecraft enters orbit when its centripetal acceleration due to gravity is less than or equal to the centrifugal acceleration due to the horizontal component of its velocity.
For a low Earth orbit, this velocity is about ; by contrast, the fastest manned airplane speed ever achieved (excluding speeds achieved by deorbiting spacecraft) was in 1967 by the North American X-15.
The energy required to reach Earth orbital velocity at an altitude of is about 36 MJ/kg, which is six times the energy needed merely to climb to the corresponding altitude.
The rate of orbital decay depends on the satellite's cross-sectional area and mass, as well as variations in the air density of the upper atmosphere.
Kopell attended Erasmus High School in Brooklyn before enrolling at New York University, majoring in dramatic arts and graduating with a bachelor of fine arts in 1955.
While fulfilling his military service, he served as a librarian at Naval Air Station, Norfolk, Virginia and then between 1956 and 1957 on board the , a former WW2 and Korean war battleship, stationed at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.
After completing active duty, Kopell returned to New York before being lured to Los Angeles with the promise of an agent by fellow graduate Jim Drury.
A few moments later, he was shown having been re-seated in the mezzanine when the second parody was made at his expense, and again stood up, raised his fists and stormed out, playing along with the host.
Kopell has been married three times, first to actress Celia Whitney, then actress Yolanda Veloz, before marrying Catrina Honadle in 1997.
Coccoloba uvifera is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae, that is native to coastal beaches throughout tropical America and the Caribbean, including southern Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and Bermuda.
Sea grape is a dioecious species, that is, male and female flowers are borne on separate plants, and cross-pollination is necessary for fruit to develop.
Honey bees and other insects help pollinate these plants; male and female plants can be distinguished by the appearance of their flowers, as males usually show dead flower stalks.
The fruits of the sea grape may be eaten raw, cooked into jellies and jams, or fermented into sea grape wine.
The popular version of the story differs from the official report by Pere Ibarra (the local keeper of the records) which stated that Antonio Maciá found the bust.
Ibarra's version of the discovery story, was that farm workers clearing the southeast slope of La Alcudia for agricultural purposes, discovered the sculpture.
Dr. Campello, owner of the farm, was married to Asunción Ibarra, daughter of Aureliano Ibarra Manzoni, a humanist from the 19th century whose hobby was archeology.
Ibarra Manzoni had found a number of objects and Iberian vestiges on his own farmland and in other places in the municipality of Elche.
He provided instructions that she make the necessary arrangements for the collection to be offered for sale to the Real Academia de la Historia after her death, to be located finally at the National Archaeological Museum.
The family placed the Lady on their balcony so that it could be viewed by all of the residents of Elche.
The Louvre offered a large sum of money for the time: 4000 francs, and purchased the sculpture within a few weeks of its discovery.
After the start of World War II in 1939, as a precaution, the sculpture was transferred for safe-keeping to the castle of Montauban near Toulouse.
On 19 January 2006, the Minister of Culture of Spain, Carmen Calvo, issued a decision to temporarily lease the Lady to its hometown.
The bust was first accused of being a forgery in 1906, in an essay called 'Las esculturas del Cerro de los Santos, cuestion de autenticidad' by archeologist José Ramón Mélida.
The Lady was found more than a century ago, and many of its features, not then understood, have been confirmed by subsequent finds.
A Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) study on the Lady of Elche's micropigmentation published in 2005 concluded that the trace pigments on the statue were consistent with ancient materials and that no modern pigments had been found.
Luxán deduced that the particles belonged to the ashes of human bones and that they compared with those of the Iberian period.
She concluded that the statue was used as a funerary urn in the Iberian period, thus guaranteeing its antiquity and confirming the hypothesis about its function.
William Joseph Schallert (July 6, 1922 – May 8, 2016) was an American character actor who appeared in dozens of television shows and movies over a career that spanned almost 60 years.
He began acting while a student at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles but left to become an Army Air Corps fighter pilot in World War II.
He was a founding member of the Circle Players at The Circle Theatre, started in 1946, now known as El Centro Theatre.
In the story line, two veterans of the Mexican War who served under Reno (played by Frank Griffin and Stanley Clements) honor him with the naming of the second-largest city in Nevada.
He appeared in an episode of the TV series In The Heat of The Night, where he portrays a husband who kills his terminally ill wife, as Carl Tibbets, owner of a book store in Sparta.
ABC backed out of the series shortly before full production was to begin, although the completed pilot was released in theaters by Warner Brothers as a short subject.
Schallert served as president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) from 1979 to 1981, and afterwards remained active in SAG projects, including serving as a trustee of the SAG Pension and Health Plans since 1983, and of the Motion Picture and Television Fund since 1977.
During Schallert's tenure as SAG president, he founded the Committee for Performers with Disabilities, and in 1993 he was awarded the Ralph Morgan Award for service to the Guild.
In a 2014 interview, Schallert said that he was suffering from peripheral neuropathy, forcing him to wear leg braces while effectively confining him to a wheelchair.
The couple had four sons: William Joseph, Jr. (born in 1949), Edwin G. (born in 1952), Mark M. (born in 1954), and Brendan C. Schallert (born in 1961).
Schallert died on May 8, 2016, at his home in Pacific Palisades at the age of 93, six weeks after the death of his on-screen daughter Patty Duke on March 29.
The suburb had its start in the early 1960s, much of it being built on land formerly used as an apple orchard.
North Blackburn Shopping Centre was originally known as Old Orchard Shopping Centre for this reason, as is Old Orchard Primary School today.
Property prices have risen markedly in the last 10 years, especially since the Eastern Freeway was extended to run past the suburb.
Prior to the formation of the City of Whitehorse in 1994, Blackburn North was a part of the now defunct City of Nunawading.
While it is well served by North Blackburn Square Shopping Centre on Springfield Road, it is in fact located in Blackburn.
Centro Box Hill, formerly Box Hill Central and now incorporating the former Centro Whitehorse, can also be found in Box Hill.
It can be accessed through several buses, notably bus routes 270/271, which can also be taken in the opposite direction to Eastland Shopping Centre and other shopping locations.
These routes run through the suburb to the nearby public transport hub at Box Hill, where a bus terminus, tram terminus and Box Hill railway station can be found.
The former Blackburn Technical School has closed down, and since 1995, Old Orchard Primary School has used a portion of that site.
Also situated in Blackburn North is Slater Reserve, home of the Blackburn Vikings Basketball Association competing in the VJBL for juniors and BigV for seniors.
Craggaunowen Castle was built around 1550 by John MacSioda MacNamara, a descendant of Sioda MacNamara, who built Knappogue Castle in 1467.
It was left in ruins in the 17th century, and rendered uninhabitable by the removal of the roof and staircase, and indefensible by removal of the battlements, at the time of the Cromwellian confiscations around 1653.
Steele had the castle rebuilt as a summer house in the 1820s and he used it, and the turret on the hill opposite, as places of recreation.
Following his death in 1848 the lands were divided, Cullane going to one branch of his family, Craggaunowen to his niece Maria Studdert.
Much of the poor quality land was given over to forestry and the castle itself was allowed to fall into disrepair.
In the mid-19th century, the castle, herd's house and 96 acres were reported in the possession of a Reverend William Ashworth, who held them from a Caswell (a family from County Clare just north of Limerick).
Box Hill North's boundaries are Koonung Creek in the north, Elgar Road in the west, Middleborough Road in the east, and Thames Street in the south.
Although central Box Hill was established as a post town in 1861, Box Hill North was largely developed as a suburban area following the Second World War.
Kerrimuir Post Office opened on 1 April 1955 and Box Hill North Post Office opened on 1 August 1955 as the suburb developed.
A better array of shops are just up the road by bus to Box Hill Central in the south, the Westfield owned Doncaster Shoppingtown in the north and North Blackburn Shopping Centre to the east.
It includes hot food snack bars open during weekday business hours to service the light industrial businesses and several shops and factory outlets.
Koonung Secondary College, Box Hill High School and Blackburn High School are in the neighbouring suburbs of Mont Albert North, Box Hill and Blackburn North respectively.
There are many parks in the suburb, including Elgar Park, Bushy Creek Park, Memorial Park, Springfield Park, Tassell's Park, Frank Sedgman Reserve, Hagenauer Reserve, Halligan Park, Eram Park as well as many smaller, often unnamed, reserves.
The Bushy Creek Trail runs from the intersection at Elgar Road and Belmore Road, near Elgar Park, to the intersection at Dorking Road and Wimmera Street, near Springfield Park.
The Koonung Creek Trial also runs through the north of the suburb, connecting it with neighbouring suburbs, such as Mont Albert North, Blackburn North, Nunawading, and Balwyn North.
In the summer of 1885/86, Tom Roberts and Frederick McCubbin set up a camp, on a site near Damper Creek (now Gardiners Creek), on the property of David Houston, about a mile south of the Box Hill railway station.
Following the end of World War II, extensive suburbanisation of the area occurred, including the development of a Housing Commission estate.
Box Hill South Post Office opened on 19 October 1927, with the Wattle Park Post Office opening on 12 December 1960 and the Houston Post Office, on Middleborough Road, on 16 October 1961.
Heritage places listed in the City of Whitehorse Planning Scheme include Tyneholm, in Elgar Road (built in 1891), Pound House in Canterbury Road, St James Uniting Church in Riversdale Road and Gwynton Park (built c. 1907), which is now the administration building of Kingswood College in Station Street.
Box Hill South is bounded to the north by Canterbury Road, to the east by Middleborough Road, to the south by the Burwood campus of Deakin University, Gardiners Creek and Eley Road and to the west by Elgar Road.
Located on the Station Street south of the intersection with Peidmont Street, Kingswood College, founded in 1890, is a coeducational K–12 school, operated by the Uniting Church.
Hays International College, in Hay Street, provides certificate and diploma level courses in Aged Care Work, Hospitality, English as a Second Language and Golf.
There are no major shopping centres in the suburb, but smaller strip shopping centres exist at the intersection of Canterbury Road and Station Street (including the Box Hill South Post Office), the intersection of Elgar Road and Riversdale Road (including the Wattle Park Post Office) and the intersection of Middleborough Road and Mirabella Crescent (including Houston Post Office).
The principal north-south roads are Elgar Road, Station Street and Middleborough Road, while the principal east-west roads are Canterbury Road and Riversdale Road, the latter terminating at the Box Hill Golf Course.
Box Hill South is not served directly by rail, however, the terminus of tram route 70 is located on the suburb's western boundary, at Wattle Park.
The suburb is served by seven bus routes, running down Elgar Road, Station Street, Middleborough Road and Riversdale Road, as well as some side streets.
The pipe organ was relocated from the Unitarian Church in Melbourne, where it had been originally installed in 1887 by Alfred Fuller and rebuilt by Kilner's Piano Works in 1965.
Other churches include St Aidans Anglican Church in Surrey Street and Wattle Park Chapel in Elgar Road, an independent church associated with the Christian Brethren.
The original settlement was centred near Burwood Cemetery and the Police Station, but the focus shifted to the intersection of Warrigal Road and Toorak Road, with later commercial development.
By 1904, Burwood had a population of 600 and had a post office, two hotels, a savings bank and a number of churches.
It operated on the site where Deakin University’s Burwood Campus is now located, until the site was sold to the government in 1951.
Following World War II, development headed east along Burwood Highway to and beyond the neighbourhood of Bennettswood, where a post office has been open since 2 February 1954.
Burwood Boys Home, originally located at 155 Warrigal Road, was founded in 1895 by Robert Campbell Edwards, who was concerned about the number of children living on the streets of Melbourne.
In the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s the Methodist Church developed residential units (cottages) on the site of 87 Elgar Road, Burwood, for the care of abandoned and neglected children, children that were deemed wards of the state of Victoria.
The Princess Elizabeth Kindergarten for the Deaf, the first facility of its kind in Australia, was opened on a site at 90 Elgar Road in 1950.
The Royal Victorian Institute of the Blind (now Vision Australia) purchased of land on Burwood Highway in 1951 for a school, which was opened in 1959.
The drive-in was located near the intersection of Burwood Highway and McComas Grove, in a natural amphitheatre setting, provided by the Gardiners Creek Valley.
Burwood is bounded to the north by Riversdale Road, the northern boundary of Deakin University, Gardiners Creek and Eley Road, the east by Middleborough Road and to the west by Warrigal Road.
The southern boundary runs near to Carlyle and Zodiac Streets, then along Gardiners Creek and subsequently, in approximate alignment with Ashwood Drive, Montpellier Road, Arthur Street, Huntingdale Road and Highbury Road.
The most prominent features of the Burwood landscape are the large buildings constructed along Burwood Highway at Deakin University, include Building C (The Alfred Deakin Building).A new multistoried modern building has also been constructed just adjacent to the Burwood Highway.
Parks in the suburb include Wattle Park and Gardiners Creek Reserve, the latter which has a shared bicycle and pedestrian path.
The Eastern Lions Soccer Club compete in the National Premier Leagues of Victoria second division and are located at Gardiners Reserve.
The principal north-south roads are Warrigal Road, Elgar Road, Station Street and Middleborough Road, while the principal east-west roads are Riversdale Road, Burwood Highway and Highbury Road.
There are also aged care facilities, including Elizabeth Gardens, in Elizabeth Street, Highwood House, in Warrigal Road and Burwood Hill, in Edwards Street.
Burwood East is bounded by Springvale Road to the east, Middleborough Road to the west, Eley Road and Hawthorn Road to the north and Highbury Road to the south.
The Wurundjeri Aboriginal clan, one of four Koorie clans that inhabited the Port Phillip region, were the original occupants of the area now occupied by East Burwood.
To the east of present-day Middleborough Road, much of the land was initially not very attractive to European squatters for settlement and parts were mostly covered with open forests, consisting of Red Stringybark, Red Box, Long Leaf Box, Candlebark and Manna Gum.
By the mid 19th century, East Burwood and the surrounding districts were under cultivation and local horticulturists were supplying Melbourne's markets, including the Victoria Markets, with cut flowers and produce.
However little more than thirty years later, the last of the orchards located in East Burwood had been ripped up or relocated in one case, to Bacchus Marsh.
It was the first 24-hour Kmart store and proved very popular with locals, frustrated with the limited shopping hours on offer at the time.
The Tally Ho Business Park, on the corner of Burwood Highway and Springvale Road, hosts the headquarters of many corporations and organisations, including the Country Fire Authority and a regional headquarters of VicRoads and Yokogawa.
The site of the Tally Ho Business Park and its surrounds was previously occupied by the Tally Ho Boys' Home, which was established on land provided at a reduced price to the Methodist Church by Abel Hoadley, the inventor of the Violet Crumble chocolate bar.
On the north side of Burwood Highway, there are additional business buildings including a HP building, expanding the business park beyond the boundary of the original Tally Ho Boys' Home.
Vision Drive (located adjacent to the Tally Ho Business Park) is the current location of World Vision Australia's National Office, The GPT Group and the National Archives of Australia (Melbourne Repository).
Tram Route 75 originally terminated at the intersection of Blackburn Road and Burwood Highway until July 2005, with the completion of the 3 km line extension to Hartland Road in Vermont South.
This is good news for Route 75 passengers travelling across Zone 1+2, as they now only need to pay Zone 1 fares.
Burwood East is home to the Nunawading Basketball Centre, Nunawading Velodrome, East Burwood/Bennettswood Cricket Club and East Burwood Football Club, on Burwood Highway.
The State Government has declared the Burwood Heights area as a 'Major Activity Centre' because of the easy access to public transport, current uses and the potential for significant development.
In March 2008 Whitehorse Council approved a development plan that will see housing for up to 1000 residents at the old brickworks site in East Burwood.
The owners of the Kmart Plaza, also known as the East Burwood Plaza, will double the size of the complex, on the corner of Burwood Highway and Blackburn Road, from 15,000 square meters to 30,000 square metres.
Pomeroy Pacific development manager Paul Chiodo said the $35 million extension will add about 30 speciality shops, a 5,500 square metre Coles Supermarket, a 333-seat restaurant, gymnasium and a First Choice bottle shop.
Construction work is currently underway, with stage 1 completed in 2011 and the centre is named to be 'Burwood One' .
RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) Burwood East is the largest RSPCA animal shelter in Victoria and features an animal adoption centre, animal shelter, veterinary clinic, animal behaviour training, grooming and education centre.
Mitcham was named after Mitcham Grove, a farm property that was owned by William Slater, who grew roses and herbs for perfumes and remedies.
The other top responses for country of birth were 6.7% China, 2.9% India, 2.8% England, 1.8% Malaysia and 1.3% New Zealand.
The main shopping precinct is centered on the intersection of Whitehorse Road and Mitcham Road and features a supermarket, cafes, fast food outlets and speciality shops.
The main east-west road is Whitehorse Road (Maroondah Highway), which connects with the EastLink tolled freeway, which skirts the northern and eastern boundaries of the suburb.
Mitcham was the home of comedian Dave O'Neil, The Volvos musicians Heynes Arms & AC Fanta, Sforzando (band) lead vocalist, poet and writer Quincy Hall, actor brothers Brett and Trevor Lewis, playwright Sandra Long, writer Michael McArthur, director James McArthur, sculptor Joanne Mott and abstract artist 'Egghatch'.
Dorothy Canfield Fisher (February 17, 1879 – November 9, 1958) was an educational reformer, social activist, and best-selling American author in the early decades of the twentieth century.
In addition to bringing the Montessori method of child-rearing to the U.S., she presided over the country's first adult education program and shaped literary tastes by serving as a member of the Book of the Month Club selection committee from 1925 to 1951.
From 1877 to 1891 her father was a University of Kansas professor with responsibility for various historical studies, and finally president of the National Education Association.
Canfield Fisher is most closely associated with Vermont, where she and her mother made trips to the family home and where she spent her adult life.
She was the first woman to receive an honorary degree from Dartmouth College and received others from the University of Nebraska, Middlebury, Swarthmore, Smith, Williams, Ohio State University, and the University of Vermont.
Much impressed, she took up the cause of bringing the method back to America, translating Montessori's book into English and writing five of her own: three nonfiction and two novels.
She followed her husband to France in 1916 during World War I and while raising her young children in Paris worked to establish a Braille press for blinded veterans.
She also established a convalescent home for refugee French children from the invaded areas; continuing her relief work after the war, she earned citations of appreciation from Eleanor Roosevelt, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, and the government of Denmark.
She did war-relief work in 1917 in France, establishing the Bidart Home for Children for refugees and organizing an effort to print books in Braille for blinded combat veterans.
After the war, she was the head of the U.S. committee that led to the pardoning of conscientious objectors in 1921, and sponsored financial and emigration assistance to Jewish educators, professionals, and intellectuals.
After her son was killed in World War II, she arranged a fellowship at Harvard Medical School for the two Philippine surgeons who tried to save his life.
In 2017, an Abenaki educator lobbied the Vermont Department of Libraries to pull Fisher's name from the children's literature award created in the state over half a century ago to honor her.
Judy Dow claimed that Fisher stereotyped French Canadians and Native Americans in her works of fiction, and that she may have been part of the eugenics movement that promoted cleansing Vermont of people considered genetically less desirable in the 1920s and 1930s.
Yet others suggested that because Fisher's works are no longer widely read nor is her name well recognized, perhaps it has become time to retire the title of the literature award.
Other writers who corresponded with Canfield Fisher included Henry Seidel Canby, Richard Wright, Heywood Broun, Witter Bynner, Isak Dinesen, and Robert Frost.
Canfield Fisher spoke five languages fluently, and in addition to writing novels, short stories, memoirs, and educational works, she wrote extensively as a literary critic and translator.
Though the book can be read purely for pleasure, it also describes a schoolhouse which is run much in the style of the Montessori method.
The Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award is an award for new American children's books whose winner is chosen by the vote of child readers.
When her mother died in 1958, Mrs. John Paul Scott lived in Bar Harbor, Maine, and had written 18 children's books as Sally Scott.
He served with the Alamo Scouts for three months at the end of 1944, following which he was attached to a Ranger unit which carried out the raid to free POWs imprisoned at Cabanatuan in the Philippines.
Nunawading is centred at the intersection of Whitehorse Road and Springvale Road, in Melbourne's eastern suburbs and features the City of Whitehorse's main offices, as well as large retail (e.g.
The name Nunawading, thought to be derived from an Aboriginal word meaning battlefield or ceremonial ground, was initially applied to a vast area which now incorporates Box Hill, Blackburn, Mitcham, Forest Hill and Vermont.
The name Tunstall, named after the famed pottery producing English town, was given to the area, based at the intersection of Whitehorse Road and Springvale Road.
The name is still reflected in Tunstall Park, on Luckie Street, Tunstall Avenue, off Springvale Road and the Tunstall Square Shopping Centre, on Tunstall Road, in nearby Donvale.
The opening of the Tunstall railway station contributed to the growth of the brick and clay industries, with orchards soon following.
The civic centre was opened in 1968 and became the administrative centre for the City of Nunawading, which was later incorporated, along with the City of Box Hill, into the City of Whitehorse, in 1994.
A large Seventh-day Adventist campus exists on Central Road with a church, church offices, a retail book shop, Coronella Retirement Village and the coeducational Nunawading Christian College (Primary and Secondary), as well as a combined kindergarten and Primary School, located on Mount Pleasant Road; Mount Pleasant Road Primary School.
It was formerly home to the Winlaton Youth Training Centre, Wobbies World amusement park and the Melbourne studios of the Network Ten television network.
Nunawading has benefited from the new railway station, one of the larger metropolitan stations in the Eastern Suburbs, and the Springvale Road grade separation, in 2010.
The south and north areas of Nunawading are now more unified, with better access to the Eastern Freeway, which runs along the top of the suburb.
The Nunawading Primary School on Springvale Road has closed and the new Whitehorse Primary School has opened on the site of the old Springview Primary School.
There is also Mount Pleasant Road Primary School (formerly Nunawading South Primary School), located on the corner of Mount Pleasant Road and Eugenia St.
At September 2019, the average sale price for a house in Nunawading was $899,000 and for a unit it was $694,000.
The other top responses for country of birth were 5.3% China, 3.2% India, 2.9% England, 1.8% Vietnam, 1.3% Malaysia, 1.3% New Zealand, 1.0% Hong Kong, 1.0% Italy, 0.8% Cambodia, 0.8% Sri Lanka, 0.6% Philippines, 0.6% Greece, 0.5% South Africa, 0.5% Republic of Korea.
The other top languages spoken are 5.7% Mandarin, 4.6% Other, 4.3% Cantonese, 4.0% Language spoken at home not stated, 1.8% Vietnamese, 1.6% Greek, 1.6% Italian.
The religious makeup of Nunawading is 26.2% No religion, 21.9% Catholic, 10.6% Anglican, 8.0% Religious affiliation not stated, 5.3% Buddhism, 4.3% Uniting Church, 3.5% Baptist, 3.0% Eastern Orthodox, 2.7% Christian, nfd, 2.6% Presbyterian and Reformed.
Competing in the Box Hill Reporter District Cricket Association, the club holds the record number of premierships in the competition and has been the breeding ground of many prominent Australian cricketers, including Victoria and Tasmania seam bowler David Saker; after whose ancestors the club's main ground is named.
The Beavers currently play section 9 on Sundays and are aiming to win the championship this season under the guidance of ex-Warrior Nick Papaziakas.
Although their home ground (Nunawading Stadium) is in Burwood East, the Nunawading Spectres represent Nunawading in the Melbourne East Basketball Association (MEBA).
Vermont is bordered by Mitcham to the north, Nunawading and Forest Hill to the west, Vermont South to the south and Wantirna and Ringwood to the east.
The honour board used to hang in the former Mechanics Institute Hall, which was on the site now occupied by the Scout Hall.
The most common responses for religion in Vermont (State Suburbs) were No Religion, so described 36.2%, Catholic 19.4%, Anglican 8.8%, Not stated 7.1% and Buddhism 4.3%.
The nearest railway station is Mitcham railway station, located north of Vermont and Heatherdale Station, which is located 1.4 km north of Vermont (from Canterbury Road).
The Whitehorse United Soccer Club is located in Vermont South, previously winning the State League 4 East competition in 2017, the club is currently competing in the State league 3 south-east competition.
Vermont Futsal Club was founded in 2015 and has competed in the state levels of Victoria and has played previously in State League One.
The suburb was mostly developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, after developers bought the apple orchards in the area.
Prior to the first European colonialists, the landscape was thickly timbered bushland, occupied by the Wurundjeri, Indigenous Australians of the Kulin nation, who spoke variations of the Woiwurrung language group.
Selectors followed and they marked out, leased and improved allotments, which would enable them to gain freehold titles from the Crown.
Apart from some general farming, orchards dominated the landscape until the 1950s and 60s, when the demand for new housing areas led to the subdivision of orchards.
Nunawading Council (now Whitehorse Council) began the acquisition of property in 1966, with the purchase of a large block (7.26 hectares) from local orchardist Cecil Rhodes to form Bellbird Dell.
In 1972, after heavy rains and the increased run-off from the subdivisions caused flooding of Morack Road and the Burwood Highway, Bellbird Dell Creek was barrelled and the natural watercourse disappeared, with the site and its adjoining land reserve as public open space.
The lookout is located at the peak of a man-made hill, which is the remains of the former City of Nunawading Tip, that was closed in the 1970s.
These walking/bike trails (Dandenong Creek Trail) connect to the greater bike trails of eastern Victoria, including the Mount Dandenong National Park and Nortons, Napier and Jells Parks.
Vermont South Shopping Centre is located on Burwood Highway, which contains a Coles Supermarket, an Aldi Supermarket, ProTechnologies Computer Repair and adjoining McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Subway, La Sera Pizza and other small outlets.
On the south side of Burwood Highway is the head office and laboratories of the former Australian Road Research Board, now ARRB Group Ltd.
The Government of Victoria extended tram route 75 from its former terminus at Burwood East to the Vermont South Shopping Centre in 2005.
In addition to the tram, a Transit Bus Link has been added, which travels down Burwood Highway to Westfield Knox Shopping Centre.
On weekdays it runs from 4:30 am–1:20 am the next morning, running at every 10 minutes in the daytime off-peak period and from every 5–7 minutes in the morning and afternoon peak periods, while after 7:30 pm on weeknights, service intervals are set at every 20 minutes.
On Saturdays, the Knox Transit Link bus service runs from approximately 4:30 am–1:20 am the next morning, at 12-minute intervals in the daytime, and every 15–20 minutes beyond the 12 minute interval periods.
On Sundays, a 12-minute daytime frequency is offered with a 30-minute service in the early morning and at night, with the last service to run from Vermont South at approximately 12:45 am.
An upgrade in November 2007 saw the introduction of an hourly Sunday service and buses running until 9 pm 7 days a week.
Local parks in Vermont South include Billabong Park, Charlesworth Park, Terrara Park, Tyrol Park and the Dandenong Valley Metropolitan Park (west of Dandenong Creek).
It is a 1.4 km linear park with an area of 17.5 hectares, named after the bellbirds that can be heard in the park.
For walkers 'The Dell' offers short or long strolls but dogs must be on a leash, as the main pathways are shared with cyclists.
A pocket guide to Walking and Wheeling in Whitehorse has been produced highlighting some of the parks and walking trails in the municipality.
Participating communities are guided through a process where they learn about sustainability and how to share practical sustainable principles and actions with others, as well as how to organise themselves as a group in implementing an event/project.
To celebrate the opening milestone event, a ‘Come and Try Day’ was held at Sportlink Vermont South, with the chance to see the new development, watch sports demonstrations and take part in fun activities.
Sportlink, which features four indoor and four outdoor courts, includes a multipurpose room, community room, café, first aid room and change rooms.
The Vermont South Community House is one of nine community and neighbourhood houses that provide courses and activities for all age groups within the City of Whitehorse.
The house is run by a volunteer network, who run programs to share information and advocate on behalf of the community.
When the television movie spawned a series of the same name on The Disney Channel, he was to reprise the role but died weeks before the series began production.
Although he was born in Philadelphia, he and his family later moved to Binghamton, New York, living on the west side of that city.
He later attended Ithaca College, first as a medical student, but later developed an interest in acting, engaging in some nighttime radio announcing.
In the 1970s and 1980s, he wrote a series of cookbooks and hosted a Canadian television series on microwave oven cooking.
At his memorial service, a number of people previously unknown to Deacon's friends and colleagues spoke of how Deacon had provided for needy people and charitable organizations during his life.
At launch, Gmail had an initial storage capacity offer of one gigabyte per user, a significantly higher amount than competitors offered at the time.
Users can receive emails up to 50 megabytes in size, including attachments, while they can send emails up to 25 megabytes.
Google's mail servers automatically scan emails for multiple purposes, including to filter spam and malware, and to add context-sensitive advertisements next to emails.
This advertising practice has been significantly criticized by privacy advocates due to concerns over unlimited data retention, ease of monitoring by third parties, users of other email providers not having agreed to the policy upon sending emails to Gmail addresses, and the potential for Google to change its policies to further decrease privacy by combining information with other Google data usage.
In June 2017, Google announced the upcoming end to the use of contextual Gmail content for advertising purposes, relying instead on data gathered from the use of its other services.
This was changed in March 2017 to allow receiving an email of up to 50 megabytes, while the limit for sending an email staying at 25 megabytes.
The Gmail user interface initially differed from other web-mail systems with its focus on search and conversation threading of emails, grouping several messages between two or more people onto a single page, an approach that was later copied by its competitors.
Gmail's user interface designer, Kevin Fox, intended users to feel as if they were always on one page and just changing things on that page, rather than having to navigate to other places.
Gmail's interface also makes use of 'labels' (tags) – that replace the conventional folders and provide a more flexible method of organizing email; filters for automatically organizing, deleting or forwarding incoming emails to other addresses; and importance markers for automatically marking messages as 'important'.
Major redesigned elements included a streamlined conversation view, configurable density of information, new higher-quality themes, a resizable navigation bar with always-visible labels and contacts, and better search.
Users were able to preview the new interface design for months prior to the official release, as well as revert to the old interface, until March 2012, when Google discontinued the ability to revert and completed the transition to the new design for all users.
Gmail's spam filtering features a community-driven system: when any user marks an email as spam, this provides information to help the system identify similar future messages for all Gmail users.
In August 2014, Gmail became the first major email provider to let users send and receive email from addresses with accent marks and letters from outside the Latin alphabet.
The modern AJAX version is officially supported in the current and previous major releases of Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge and Safari web browsers on a rolling basis.
In addition to the native apps on iOS and Android, users can access Gmail through the web browser on a mobile device.
Media outlets noticed that the new protection was announced amid a widespread phishing attack on a combination of Gmail and Google's Docs document service that occurred on the same day.
Citing issues such as distractions, difficulty in finding important information buried in messages, and receiving more emails than ever, Inbox by Gmail has several important differences from Gmail, including bundles that automatically sort emails of the same topic together, highlights that surface key information from messages, and reminders, assists, and snooze, that help the user in handling incoming emails at appropriate times.
In September 2018, Google announced it would end the service at the end March 2019, most of its key features having been incorporated into the standard Gmail service.
On February 9, 2010, Google commenced its new social networking tool, Google Buzz, which integrated with Gmail, allowing users to share links and media, as well as status updates.
Gmail was integrated with Google+ in December 2011, as part of an effort to have all Google information across one Google account, with a centralized Google+ user profile.
Backlash from the move caused Google to step back and remove the requirement of a Google+ user account, keeping only a private Google account without a public-facing profile, starting in July 2015.
In May 2013, Google announced the integration between Google Wallet and Gmail, which would allow Gmail users to send money as email attachments.
Initially only available on the web, the feature was expanded to the Android app in March 2017, for people living in the United States.
In September 2016, Google released Google Trips, an app that, based on information from a user's Gmail messages, automatically generates travel cards.
A travel card contains itinerary details, such as plane tickets and car rentals, and recommends activities, food and drinks, and attractions based on location, time, and interests.
Users can send trip details to other users' email, and if the recipient also has Google Trips, the information will be automatically available in their apps as well.
On the web and on Android devices, users can check if a message is encrypted by checking if the message has a closed or open red padlock.
At the end of May 2017, Google announced that it had applied machine learning technology to identify emails with phishing and spam, having a 99.9% detection accuracy.
The company also announced that Gmail would selectively delay some messages, approximately 0.05% of all, to perform more detailed analysis and aggregate details to improve its algorithms.
In Google's Transparency Report under the Safer email section, it provides information on the percentage of emails encrypted in transit between Gmail and third-party email providers.
Once enabled, users are required to verify their identity using a second method after entering their username and password when logging in on a new device.
Common methods include entering a code sent to a user's mobile phone through a text message, entering a code using the Google Authenticator smartphone app, or by inserting a physical security key into the computer's USB port.
Google combats child pornography through Gmail's servers in conjunction with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) to find children suffering abuse around the world.
This changed once the project became better and better, and by early 2004, almost everybody was using it to access the company's internal email system.
In October 2007, Google began a process of rewriting parts of the code that Gmail used, which would make the service faster and add new features, such as custom keyboard shortcuts and the ability to bookmark specific messages and email searches.
An update around January 2008 changed elements of Gmail's use of JavaScript, and resulted in the failure of a third-party script some users had been using.
In May 2015, Google announced that Gmail had 900 million active users, 75% of whom were using the service on mobile devices.
In May 2014, Gmail became the first app on the Google Play Store to hit one billion installations on Android devices.
Google claims that Gmail refrains from displaying ads next to potentially sensitive messages, such as those that mention race, religion, sexual orientation, health, or financial statements.
Google's mail servers automatically scan emails for multiple purposes, including to add context-sensitive advertisements next to emails, and to filter spam and malware.
In 2004, thirty-one privacy and civil liberties organizations wrote a letter calling upon Google to suspend its Gmail service until the privacy issues were adequately addressed.
The letter also called upon Google to clarify its written information policies regarding data retention and data sharing among its business units.
The organizations also voiced their concerns about Google's plan to scan the text of all incoming messages for the purposes of ad placement, noting that the scanning of confidential email for inserting third-party ad content violates the implicit trust of an email service provider.
On June 23, 2017, Google announced that, later in 2017, it will phase out the scanning of email content to generate contextual advertising, relying on personal data collected through other Google services instead.
The company stated that this change was meant to clarify its practices and quell concerns among enterprise G Suite customers who felt an ambiguous distinction between the free consumer and paid professional variants, the latter being advertising-free.
In March 2011, a former Gmail user in Texas sued Google, claiming that its Gmail service violates users' privacy by scanning e-mail messages to serve relevant ads.
Google updated its terms of service for Gmail in April 2014 to create full transparency for its users in regard to the scanning of email content.
In 2013, Microsoft launched an advertising campaign to attack Google for scanning email messages, arguing that most consumers are not aware that Google monitors their personal messages to deliver targeted ads.
In light of the attacks, Google enhanced the security and architecture of its infrastructure, and advised individual users to install anti-virus and anti-spyware on their computers, update their operating systems and web browsers, and be cautious when clicking on Internet links or when sharing personal information in instant messages and emails.
The February 2010 launch of Google Buzz, a former social network that was linked to Gmail, immediately drew criticism for publicly sharing details of users' contacts unless the default settings were changed.
A new Gmail feature was launched in January 2014, whereby users can email people with Google+ accounts even though they do not know the email address of the recipient.
In June 2016, Julia Angwin of ProPublica wrote about Google's updated privacy policy, which deleted a clause that had stated Google would not combine DoubleClick web browsing cookie information with personally identifiable information from its other services.
This change has allowed Google to merge users' personally identifiable information from different Google services to create one unified ad profile for each user.
After publication of the article, Google reached out to ProPublica to say that the merge would not include Gmail keywords in ad targeting.
AMOS has been fitted to a wide range of armoured vehicles, such as the Sisu Pasi, Patria AMV and Combat Vehicle 90.
The Swedish Navy originally planned to fit AMOS to the CB90 assault craft, but found that it was too small to carry it.
Using its computer-controlled MRSI feature (multiple rounds simultaneous impact) it is possible to set up a burst of up to 16 rounds that hit the target simultaneously.
The next rounds are shot later with a slightly smaller angle and less propellant so that they fly a lower arc to the same target.
In a typical installation, mounted on a Patria AMV or a similar vehicle, the vehicle can dash to the next position roughly 30 seconds after initiating the 14-round salvo, leaving minimal time for detection and counter-attack by enemy; evasion is the primary means of self-protection.
On October 30, 2012, she became the president of Lucasfilm after The Walt Disney Company acquired the company for over $4 billion.
Kennedy has participated in the making of over 60 films that garnered 8 Academy Award nominations and over $11 billion worldwide, including three of the highest-grossing films in motion picture history.
Her twin sister, Connie, formerly a location manager in British Columbia, Canada, is now the executive producer of the Virtual Production company Profile Studios.
Her other sister is Dana Middleton-Silberstein, a television host and anchor, and press secretary/communications director for former Governor Gary Locke (D-WA).
In her final year, Kennedy gained employment at a local San Diego TV station, KCST (now KNSD), taking on various roles including camera operator, video editor, floor director and finally as KCST news production coordinator.
Both Spielberg and Kennedy agree she was a terrible typist who was kept on only because of her good production ideas.
She took over a large portion of running of Amblin and served as its president until 1991, when she and Marshall formed The Kennedy/Marshall Company with a deal at DreamWorks.
In 1995, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.
In 2007, she was the first recipient of Women in Film's Paltrow Mentorship Award, for showing extraordinary commitment to mentoring and supporting the next generation of filmmakers and executives.
In 2019, she was appointed Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to film production in the United Kingdom.
Two oil-fired boilers fed steam at and to a pair of double reduction geared steam turbines that in turn drove two propeller shafts, with the machinery rated at , giving a speed of .
A single Sea Cat surface-to-air missile launcher was fitted aft (on the Helicopter hangar roof), while two Oerlikon 20mm cannon provided close-in defence.
A Limbo anti-submarine mortar was fitted aft to provide a short-range anti-submarine capability, while a hangar and helicopter deck allowed a single Westland Wasp helicopter to be operated, for longer range anti-submarine and anti-surface operations.
The ship had a sonar suite of Type 184 medium range search sonar, Type 162 bottom search and Type 170 attack sonar, together with a Type 199 variable depth sonar (VDS).
The 4.5 inch gun turret, Sea Cat launcher and Limbo anti submarine mortar were removed, with a sextuple Sea Wolf surface-to-air missile launcher and four Exocet missiles fitted forward.
Two triple STWS-1 torpedo tubes allowed anti-submarine torpedoes to be launched, while the ship's hangar and flight deck was enlarged to allow a Westland Lynx helicopter to be carried instead of the smaller Wasp.
A completely new radar outfit was fitted, with a Type 967 air-search radar and a Type 968 low-level air warning and surface search radar fitted back to back on the ship's foremast, and with a Type 1006 navigation radar fitted lower down on the ship's foremast.
Nicole Kristen Powell (born June 22, 1982) is an American retired professional basketball player who is currently the head coach at Grand Canyon University.
Following a standout collegiate career at Stanford University, Powell had an 11-year WNBA career most notably with the Sacramento Monarchs where she was an All-Star and won a WNBA Championship.
Powell had previously served on the coaching staffs at Gonzaga and Oregon before being named the head coach of Grand Canyon University in April 2017.
Born in Sierra Vista, Arizona, Powell played for Mountain Pointe High School in Phoenix, where she was named a WBCA All-American.
She also was named a 2000 Parade Magazine First Team All-American in 2000 and the Arizona Player of the Century by the Arizona Republic.
In addition, Powell during her high school years earned all-region selection in both tennis and track, won the state badminton singles championships in 1997, 1999 and 2000, won the state discus title in 2000, and was an Arizona 5A doubles runner-up in tennis in 2000.
She was the first women's basketball player in the history of what is now the Pac-12 Conference to have achieved multiple triple-double games (that is, 10 totals or more in three different statistical categories) during the same season.
Powell has since been joined by two other players: Brittany Boyd of California, who recorded two triple-doubles in the 2014–15 season, and Sabrina Ionescu of Oregon, who has had multiple triple-doubles in all four of her college seasons (four in 2016–17, six in 2017–18, eight in 2018–19, and four so far in 2019–20).
Powell and Ionescu are also the only NCAA Division I women's players to have recorded multiple triple-doubles in the NCAA tournament; Powell had two consecutive triple-doubles in 2002, while Ionescu had one each in 2018 and 2019.
After Graves accepted the head coaching position for the University of Oregon, Powell took the assistant coach position at Oregon for three years.
The 2016-2017 season was the most successful under Powell's assistant coaching career; it included a top-five recruiting class in 2016, headlined by Ionescu; a run to the Elite 8 in the 2017 NCAA Tournament; winning 6 out of 23 games against Top 25 opponents; and finishing the season at #16.
The trade greatly aided the Monarchs in the 2005 season while Powell enjoyed a breakout year and eventually was named the recipient of that year's WNBA's Most Improved Player award.
In 2009, with several of her teammates hobbled by injuries, Powell averaged 16.7 points per game and was the best free throw shooter in the WNBA with 97.9% of attempts made.
She was traded to the Tulsa Shock before the 2013 season and signed with the Seattle Storm before the 2014 season.
Powell was a member of the USA Women's U18 team which won the gold medal at the FIBA Americas Championship in Mar Del Plata, Argentina.
Powell was named to the USA Women's U19 team which represented the USA in the 2001 U19 World's Championship, held in Brno, Czech Republic in July 2001.
Powell scored 7.0 points per game, led the team in rebounding with 6.3 per game to help the USA team to a 6–1 record and the bronze medal.
In 2003, Powell helped the United States women's national basketball team win a silver medal at the Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
She also helped national teams win a bronze medal (in the Czech Republic) and a gold medal (in Argentina) at two other international tournaments.
During the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 WNBA off-season, Powell contributed to Fenerbahçe's victories each year in the Turkish women's basketball league championship.
In 2007–2008 she played for CSKA Moscow in Russia, in 2006–2007 for Perfumerias Halcon Avenida in Spain, in 2005–2006 for Fenerbahçe for the first time, also winning the country's championship, and 2004–2005 Basket Spezia in Italy.
Its neighbours are Adıyaman to the north, Şanlıurfa to the east, Syria and Kilis to the south, Hatay to the southwest, Osmaniye to the west and Kahramanmaraş to the northwest.
An important trading center since ancient times, the province is also one of Turkey's major manufacturing zones, and its agriculture is dominated by the growing of pistachio nuts.
After World War I and the Ottoman Empire's disintegration, it was invaded by the forces of the French Third Republic during the Turkish War of Independence.
It was returned to Turkish control after the Treaty of Lausanne was signed, formally ending hostilities between Turkey and the Allies of World War I.
Two major active geological faults meet in western Gaziantep near the border with adjoining Osmaniye Province: the Dead Sea Transform and the East Anatolian Fault.
These represent the tectonic boundary between the northward-moving Arabian Plate to the east, and the converging African and Eurasian Plates to the west.
It was built only in prototype form, and was converted into a land-based aircraft after Joseph Stalin's death in 1953 cancelled the aircraft carriers being designed.
In order to equip the proposed carriers, Soviet Naval Aviation required a long-range carrier-based strike aircraft, capable of attacking with bombs or torpedoes.
It was powered by an Kuznetsov TV-2 engine mounted mid-fuselage, driving a six-bladed contra-rotating propeller in the nose via a long shaft.
It could carry a heavy load of torpedoes or bombs on pylons under the fuselage and under the wings, and had a gun armament of two cannon in the wing roots and two more in a remotely-controlled tail turret.
After the death of Stalin in 1953, the planned fleet of carriers was cancelled, but development of the Tu-91 continued as a land-based aircraft, the design being revised to eliminate wing-folding and arresting gear.
Fabada asturiana, often simply known as fabada, is a rich Spanish bean stew, originally from and most commonly found in the autonomous community of Principality of Asturias, but widely available throughout the whole of Spain and in Spanish restaurants worldwide.
Fabada is a hot and heavy dish and for that reason is most commonly eaten during winter and at the largest meal of the day, lunch.
Gaziantep (), previously and still informally called Antep (), is the capital of Gaziantep Province, in the western part of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region, some east of Adana and north of Aleppo, Syria.
In the center of the city stands the Gaziantep Fortress and the Ravanda citadel, which were restored by the Byzantines in the 6th century.
Following the Muslim conquest of the Levant, the city passed to the Umayyads in 661 AD and the Abbasids in 750.
It reverted to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in 1150, was controlled by the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia between 1155–1157 and 1204–1206 and captured by the Zengids in 1172 and the Ayyubids in 1181.
It was ruled by the Ilkhanate between 1260–1261, 1271–1272, 1280–1281 and 1299–1317 and by the Mamluks between 1261–1271, 1272–1280, 1281–1299, 1317–1341, 1353–1378, 1381–1389 and 1395–1516.
In the Ottoman period, Aintab was a sanjak centered initially in the Dulkadir Eyalet (1516–1818), and later in the Aleppo vilayet (1908–1918).
By the end of the 19th century, Aintab had a population of about 45,000, two thirds of which was Muslim—largely Turkish, but also Arabs and Kurdish.
Gaziantep is traditionally said to reflect in advance the rising political trends in Turkey, according preference to ANAP in 1984, DYP in 1989, Necmettin Erbakan's (then named as) Welfare Party in 1994, and AKP in 2004 local elections.
One exception was in 1999 when, boosted by the successful image of Gaziantep city mayor Celal Doğan, CHP came first with 17.02% of the votes for the Provincial General Assembly (with four parties scoring over 15%), and the rightist MHP's rise at that time (campaigning on Turkish-identity consciousness arguments) still being reflected by its second position after CHP for the province.
DEHAP, campaigning on Kurdish-identity consciousness arguments, after having touched a modest 5% ceiling in 1999, seems to have ebbed down, its score under SHP's cover in 2004 local elections remaining at a still more modest 1.81% (with MHP at 5.36%).
In any case, in 2004, AKP obtained 55.11% and CHP 21.57%, and all other parties below 6% at the Provincial General Assembly elections.
Prime Minister Erdoğan is known to have deemed the local elections in Gaziantep as particularly important and to have mobilized considerable governmental weight beforehand.
The current Mayor of Gaziantep is Fatma Şahin, who had previously served as the Minister of Family and Social Policies in the third cabinet of Erdoğan.
The number of large industrial businesses established in Gaziantep comprise four percent of Turkish industry in general, while small industries comprise six percent.
Traditionally, commerce in Gaziantep was centre in covered markets known as 'Bedesten' or 'Hans', the best known of which are the Zincirli Bedesten, Hüseyin Pasha Bedesten and Kemikli Bedesten.
Development around the base of the castle upgrades the beauty and accessibility to the castle and to the surrounding copper workshops.
In comparison with some other regions of Turkey, tourists are still a novelty in Gaziantep and the locals make them very welcome.
With its extensive olive groves, vineyards, and pistachio orchards, Gaziantep is one of the important agricultural and industrial centres of Turkey.
In 2009, the largest enclosed shopping center in the city and region, Sanko Park, opened, and began drawing a significant number of shoppers from Syria.
The Gaziantep Museum of Archaeology has collections of ceramic pieces from the Neolithic Age; various objects, figures and seals from the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages; stone and bronze objects, jewellery, ceramics, coins, glass objects, mosaics and statues from the Hittite, Urartu,Greek Persian, Roman, Commagene, and Byzantine periods.
The Hasan Süzer Ethnography Museum, a restored late-Ottoman stone building, has the old life style decoration and collections of various weapons, documents, instruments used in the defense of the city as well as the photographs of local resistance heroes.
It is the largest open-air sculpture workshop in the Near East and the ruins in the area date back to Hittites.
The Gaziantep Defence Museum: Before you enter the Panorama Museum located within the Gaziantep Castle, you encounter the statues of three local heroes Molla Mehmet Karayılan, Şehit Mehmet Kâmil and Şahin Bey at the entrance.
Zeugma is an ancient city which was established at the shallowest passable part of the river Euphrates, within the boundaries of the present-day Belkıs village in Gaziantep Province.
Gaziantep Citadel, also known as the Kale, located in the centre of the city displays the historic past and architectural style of the city.
Although the history of castle is incomplete, as a result of the excavations conducted there, Bronze Age settlement layers are thought to exist under the section existing on the surface of the soil.
Şirvani Mosque (Şirvani Mehmet Efendi Mosque), also called 'İki Şerefeli Cami' - One of the oldest Mosques of Gaziantep located in Seferpaşa.
Tradition states that it was first built during the period of the Muslim Caliphate under the second Caliph Umar (hence its name), which would make it the oldest known mosque in Gaziantep.
It has a rectangular plan and was built through white cut stones on a foundation of black cut stone within a large garden.
Old houses of Gaziantep The traditional houses of Gaziantep are located in the old city: Eyüboğlu, Türktepe, Tepebaşı, Bostancı, Kozluca, Şehreküstü and Kale.
They are made of locally found keymik rock and have an inner courtyard called the 'Hayat' which the focal point of the house.
The Tahmis Coffee House was built by the Turkmen Ağa and Flag Officer, Mustafa Ağa Bin Yusuf in 1635–1638, in order to provide an income for the dervish lodge.
From records, it is known that there was formerly an epigraph on the south gate written by Kusuri; however, this inscription is not in place today.
The exact date of the inn's (caravanserai) construction is unknown, but it is estimated to have been built in the early 19th century.
The original building was constructed by Mustafa Ağa in 1640 to provide an income for the dervish lodge, but was completely destroyed in a fire.
This inn has no epigraph showing the dates of construction or renovation, but according to historical data, the estimated date of construction is the late 17th century.
The epigraph on the main gate of the inn is dated 1800, but the building apparently had been built earlier and was repaired at this date.
The first owners of the inn were Asiye, the daughter of Battal Bey and Emine Hatun, the daughter of Hadji Osman Bey.
The city is home to many Turkish baths (Hamams), most of which date from the Ottoman and Dulkadir beylik period, namely the Hüseyin Pasha Baths, İki kapılı Baths, Tabak Baths, Şeyh Fethullah Baths and Şehitler Baths.
Yıl Atatürk Kültür Parkı (100th Anniversary Atatürk Culture Park) is the largest park in Gaziantep located in the centre of the city along the Alleben river which it borders for .
Food in Gaziantep is different from the cuisine in other parts of Turkey because of the influence of Armenians, Oğuz Turks, Kurds and the culinary traditions of nearby Aleppo which was an important regional administrative center of the Seljuk and Ottoman empires.
The meatballs come in varieties of çiğ köfte, içli köfte, meatball with malhita (lentils), sour small meatballs, and small meatball with yoghurt.
Gaziantep's food is known for being spicy compared to other Turkish cuisine; many of the local specialties as well as savory foods shared with other regions of Turkey are prepared with Aleppo pepper, a type of chili pepper, and paprika.
Its kebab varieties include the kıyma (minced meat) kebab, kuşbaşı (meat cut in goulash-type cubes) kebab, simit kebab, patlıcan (aubergine) kebab, ciğer (liver) kebab and soğan (onion) kebab.
There is also lahmacun, yuvarlama (mas soup) and karışık (mixed) dolama (a preparation made of different types of vegetables, yoğurtlu patates (potato with yogurt), beyran, etc.
Gaziantep has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Köppen climate classification) with influences of a continental climate during winter with hot, dry summers and cool, wet and occasionally snowy winters.
Gaziantep Science High School is a public boarding high school in Gaziantep, Turkey with a curriculum concentrating on natural sciences and mathematics, and with teaching in Turkish.
The institution acquired state university status in 1987, but had already offered higher education since 1973 as an extension campus of the Middle East Technical University.
It is a love story between two youngsters, Nikos, a Greek boy, son of a wealthy Athenian ship owner; and Nazlı, daughter of a Gaziantep baklava maker.
Due to the historic rivalry and hatred between the Greeks and Turks, a love affair between these two youngsters is received badly by both families.
The dislike between the two families increases as the episodes pass, with the Turkish family being more strict towards their daughter.
The main culprits, however, are the two grandparents (Nikos' grandmother and Nazlı's grandfather), who reach extreme points in order to stop the youngsters' wedding.
They form a naturalistic depiction of Irish middle class life in and around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century.
The stories were written when Irish nationalism was at its peak, and a search for a national identity and purpose was raging; at a crossroads of history and culture, Ireland was jolted by various converging ideas and influences.
They centre on Joyce's idea of an epiphany: a moment where a character experiences a life-changing self-understanding or illumination, and the idea of paralysis where Joyce felt Irish nationalism stagnated cultural progression, placing Dublin at the heart of this regressive movement.
The initial stories in the collection are narrated by child protagonists, and as the stories continue, they deal with the lives and concerns of progressively older people.
Between 1905, when Joyce first sent a manuscript to a publisher, and 1914, when the book was finally published, Joyce submitted the book 18 times to a total of 15 publishers.
Joyce thereupon resubmitted the manuscript to other publishers, and about three years later (1909) he found a willing candidate in Maunsel & Roberts of Dublin.
Yet, a similar controversy developed and Maunsel too refused to publish it, even threatening to sue Joyce for printing costs already incurred.
Joyce offered to pay the printing costs himself if the sheets were turned over to him and he was allowed to complete the job elsewhere and distribute the book, but when Joyce arrived at the printers they refused to surrender the sheets.
He then returned to submitting the manuscript to other publishers, and in 1914 Grant Richards once again agreed to publish the book, using the page proofs saved from Maunsel as copy.
The Realists view Dubliners as the most simple of Joyce's works, which often causes them to disregard the revolutionary nature of the work.
It has been argued that the narrators in Dubliners rarely mediate, which means that there are limited descriptions of their thoughts and emotions, a practice said to accompany narratorial invisibility where the narrator sees instead of tells.
While some point to Joyce's use of free indirect discourse as a way to understand his characters, he often obscures the reliability of his characters in a way that would make any kind of analysis very difficult.
The object of the game is to play higher cards than the previously played cards, first to get replacement cards from the stock pile, and, after the stock pile has exhausted, to get rid of one's cards.
One of the most widespread variants is Valepaska, in which the cards are played face down, and players need not announce their plays truthfully.
If the player cannot or does not want to play cards according to the previous rules, he must take the entire pile in hand.
An ace causes the pile with the previous card J-K. An ace cannot be played on 3-9, and Ten cannot be played on J-K.
If a player has fewer than five cards in his hand, he must take cards from the stock so that he has five cards (if there are cards left in the stock).
If you were honest, the challenger must take the pile in his hand (and it's your turn to start the new pile), and if you lied, you must take the pile (and the turn passes to the next player).
Variant: After a challenge the next player in turn plays, except if the challenged player was honest and caused the pile fall, in which case he continues.
The author of the website recommends that an exposed liar must never continue, and an honest player who caused the pile fall must always be allowed to continue.
In addition to the hand, each player is dealt four cards face down and four cards face up on the table.
If it cannot be played according to the rules, you must take the card and the entire pile to your hand.
If you must take the pile when playing the table cards, the pile becomes your hand cards, and you must get rid of your hand cards before you can continue playing from the table.
According to some rules, in Pöytäpaska ace does not fall the pile, ten can be played on the top of anything, aces and face cards can be played on the top of all smaller or equal cards, and anything can be played on the top of a two.
Percy Heath (April 30, 1923 – April 28, 2005) was an American jazz bassist, brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and drummer Albert Heath, with whom he formed the Heath Brothers in 1975.
Heath played with the Modern Jazz Quartet throughout their long history and also worked with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Wes Montgomery, and Thelonious Monk.
Deciding after the war to go into music, he bought a stand-up bass and enrolled in the Granoff School of Music in Philadelphia.
In Chicago in 1948, he recorded with his brother on a Milt Jackson album as members of the Howard McGhee Sextet.
It transpired that other members of the Gillespie big band, pianist John Lewis, drummer Kenny Clarke, Milt Jackson, and bassist Ray Brown, decided to form a permanent group; they were already becoming known for their interludes during Gillespie band performances that, as AllMusic.com says, gave the rest of the band much-needed set breaks---that would eventually become known as the Modern Jazz Quartet (MJQ).
When Brown left the group to join his wife Ella Fitzgerald's band, Heath joined and the group was officially begun in 1952, with Connie Kay replacing Clarke soon afterward.
Percy Heath died, after a second bout with bone cancer, two days short of his 82nd birthday, in Southampton, New York.
Heath was an avid striped bass fisherman, and surfcaster, who could be found on many a day, along the surf line of his beloved Montauk Point.
On May 27, 2006, a plaque was set into a 5000lb stone, at Turtle Cove, at Montauk Point, as a memorial.
It was established in 1849 as a port town for the nearby coal mines in Ereğli and the coal trade remains its main economic activity.
Another is that the name may derive from the name of the nearby ancient settlement of Sandaraca or Sandarake (in Ancient greek Σανδαράκη).
The port city of Zonguldak suffered a heavy bombardment by the Russians during World War I, according to the caption of a Lubok popular print.
Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.
The water temperature like in the whole Turkish Black Sea coast is always cool and fluctuates between 8° and 20 °C throughout the year.
The city is the terminus of a railway line to Irmak, with the terminating station Zonguldak Railway Station built in 1937.
Saqqez (), also known as Saghez, Saqez, Saqqiz, Saqiz, and Sakīz, is a city which is the capital of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran.
In 1969 Saqqez recorded a temperature of , the lowest ever recorded by an Iranian weather station until Kheirabad Zanjan recorded on January 29, 1997.
The free-air correction does so by adjusting these measurements of gravity to what would have been measured at a reference level.
Here, formula_2 is the free-air gravity anomaly, formula_3 is observed gravity, formula_4 is the correction for latitude (because planetary bodies are not perfect spheres), and formula_5 is the free-air correction.
However, the second elephant refused to budge and hung on to its friend, resulting in them drowning together in the rising tide.
Another folklore mentions about an ancient tree located in Sitiawan, describing the story of an old man's spirit often wandering around the tree.
Today, Shi Zi Lu is a common area for people waiting to board on buses to travel to other parts of the country.
In September 1903, the settlement have a population influx due to the arrival of more than 360 Christian Foochows seeking refuge and desperate to escape violence during the Qings Dynasty.
The Chinese Christians were attacked by the Boxer party also known as Yihetuan in Chinese 义和团 and the Qing Dynasty government support the cause causing mess in Fujian in 1901 also known as Boxer Rebellion.
Sitiawan is one of the driest places after Kuala Klawang Town (Jelebu), Malacca City (Malacca) and Lubok Merbau (Perak) in Malaysia with average annual rainfall of a little under .
Most of the time, the average rainfall is just above with October and November being wetter months while June is the driest month of the year.
The town was flanked by various Chinese settlements composed mostly of the descendants of immigrants from the Kutien district of Fuzhou, China.
The settlers, however, found that paddy-planting is not suited to the soil of the region and so they switched to livestock farming before discovering that the land was much better suited for rubber plantations.
The rapid development of urban settlements saw the plantation and estate areas develop, and eventually converted into residential and commercial areas.
In the 1980s, a large remainder of the rubber estates underwent mass conversions into oil palm plantations, due to better yield and profits compared to rubber sheets and latex.
Tourism has not been a major economic activity, but the town centre derives some economic advantages from its close proximity to Pangkor Island which is a famous niche tourist destination.
One of the main reasons was the establishment of the Royal Malaysian Navy's Naval Base in Lumut, approximately 10 km from the town centre.
The base has acted as a catalyst for the development of commercial activities in the town, serving both the residents of the base and sailors visiting from other countries.
Located at the western coast of Perak with direct access to the Straits of Malacca, it is no surprise that port-related activities, marine services and industries play a major role.
Its main port, Lumut Port consists of the Lumut Maritime Terminal (LMT) and Lekir Bulk Terminal (LBT) and it serves the surrounding regions and the state of Perak.
Since 1995, the Terminal has been improved and upgraded and its facilities have been extended to include additional open and covered storage.
The main berth has been extended for another 280m in 2001, with the alongside depth of 12m ACD, resulting in a total overall linear berth length of 510m.
LBT is a deepwater seaport, and with a natural depth of 20 metres, LBT is currently South-East Asia's largest dry bulk unloading facility.
An industrial zone, Lumut Port Industrial Park (LPIP), located within Lumut Port itself with direct sea, trade access, is home to various industries and companies.
In recent years, bio-diesel, oleo and palm-oil based companies have been set up due to the proximity to its raw material source.
A secondary jetty, located at Teluk Rubiah is built and managed by Vale Malaysia Minerals Sdn Bhd, a Brazilian mining giant.
The Vale Jetty serves a maximum 90 million tonnes per annum of iron ore and functions as entry and exit points for all material including iron ore, sinter pellets, blast furnace pellets and pelletizing plant additives.
The jetty is designed to bring in incoming iron ore from the largest bulk carrier of 400,000 DWT Valemax, and to export it with a maximum of 80,000 DWT panamax size vessel.
Fears expressed by civic groups and local residents concern the destruction of the environment, the livelihood of locals, particularly fishermen, and beach-side tourism.
Consumer and environmental groups have joined in the condemnations with claims that the ecosystem of the area, formerly gazetted as a forest reserve, would be destabilised.
The plant is located on a 450-acre site which was originally a Permanent Forest Reserve but the state government re-gazetted it to an ‘Industrial Zone’.
The Perak Department of Wildlife and National Parks said that the area is rich in flora and fauna and protected under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972.
The site is surrounded by mature and regenerating natural primary forest whilst the bird life and mammals are protected by national and international laws.
Another major industry is its rich rubber latex resource, YTY Industry Sdn Bhd, a world leader in Nitrile Gloves production for examination and surgical use, TNB JanaManjung Sdn Bhd an independent power generation company, TNB's Sultan Aziz Shah Coal-Fired Power Plant and several other industrial manufacturing and mining companies.
There are many schools in Sitiawan, such as Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Ahmad Boestamam, Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan Nan Hwa,Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Convent Sitiawan, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan ACS (Anglo Chinese School) Sitiawan,Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tok Perdana.
SMJK Nan Hwa was previously a private Chinese school which had been converted into a partially subsidised government school which uses the Chinese medium.
Nan Hwa was founded in 1935 from the amalgamation of the High School section of 4 Chinese primary schools (Chung Cheng Primary School, Kuok Min Primary School, Uk Dih Primary School and Uk Ing Primary School) in the Sitiawan area.
They are SJK (C) Chung Cheng, Sitiawan in 1920, SMJK Nan Hwa (which split into Sekolah Tinggi Nan Hwa, Ayer Tawar Road in 1984) in 1935, SJK (C) Ping Min, Lumut in 1951 and SMJK Dindings, Lumut in 1953.
Local cuisine such as red rice wine, and Foochow vermicelli continue to play an important role in the livelihood and traditions of those living in or from Kampung Koh.
In recent years, intense development on routes connecting Lumut, Seri Manjung and Sitiawan have brought prosperity and pollution to what was once a relatively quiet town.
The primary industries within Sitiawan are rubber production, manufacturing of rubber gloves, palm oil production, mineral ores, fishing, fisheries and shipbuilding.
This development renders shop and small business owners in Kampung Koh and Simpang Empat obsolete and resulting in many businesses shutting down.
A row of statues carved to resemble Chinese deities are situated in the garden area of the temple facing the Pasir Panjang seashore.
The Barbarian Football Club, also known as British Barbarian FC but usually just known as the Barbarians and nicknamed the Baa-Baas, is an invitational rugby union team based in Britain.
The Barbarians traditionally played six annual encounters: Penarth, Cardiff, Swansea and Newport during their Easter Tour; a game with Leicester traditionally on 27 December and the Mobbs Memorial Match against East Midlands in the spring.
Although initially designed as a fund raiser towards the end of the tour, the encounter became a popular and traditional fixture.
Initially played every three years, it has become more frequent in the professional era, with the Barbarians now often playing one of the national teams visiting Britain each Autumn.
On 29 May 2011, during halftime of the Barbarians' match against England at Twickenham, the Barbarians and their founder William Percy Carpmael were honoured with induction to the IRB Hall of Fame.
Many invitational clubs are based on the Barbarians, including the French Barbarians, Australian Barbarians, New Zealand Barbarians and South African Barbarians.
The Barbarian Club was formed by William Percy Carpmael, who had played rugby for Cambridge University, and had been part of the Cambridge team which had undertaken a tour of Yorkshire in 1884.
Inspired by the culture behind short rugby tours he organised his first tour in 1889 with Clapham Rovers, which was followed by an 1890 tour with an invitational team calling themselves the Southern Nomads.
At the time practically every club ceased playing in early March and there were no tours and players just 'packed up' until the following season.
In 1890 he took the Southern Nomads – mainly composed of players from Blackheath – on a tour of some northern counties of England.
His idea – collecting a touring side from all sources to tackle a few leading clubs in the land – received strong support from leading players, particularly ex-university players.
On 8 April 1890, in Leuchters Restaurant and later at the Alexandra Hotel in Bradford, the concept of the Barbarians was agreed upon.
The concept took hold over the years and the nearest thing to a club home came to be the Esplanade Hotel at Penarth in South Wales, where the Barbarians always stayed on their Easter tours of Wales.
The annual Good Friday game against the Barbarians was the highlight of the Penarth club's year and was always attended by enthusiastic capacity crowds.
The non-match day of Easter Sunday would always see the Barbarians playing golf at the Glamorganshire Golf Club, in Penarth, while the former Esplanade Hotel, which was located on the seafront at Penarth, would host the gala party for the trip, sponsored by Penarth RFC.
The first match took place in 1901, and over the next 75 encounters, Penarth won eleven games, drew four and lost 60.
Between 1920 and the first Athletics Field game in 1925, the Good Friday games were hosted on Penarth County Grammar School's sports field.
The final Penarth v Barbarians game was played in 1986, by which time the Penarth club had slipped from its prominent position in Welsh rugby.
However, a special commemorative game, recognising the 100 years since the first Good Friday match, took place in 2001 and was played at the Athletic Field next to the Penarth clubhouse the day before the Barbarians played Wales at the Millennium Stadium.
After the Second World War, in 1948, the Barbarians were asked by the British and Irish unions to raise a side to play the touring Australia team.
The Barbarian 'Final Challenge' match with the All Blacks at Cardiff Arms Park on 27 January 1973 is celebrated as one of the best games of rugby union ever played.
It was a game of attack and counterattack, and the Barbarians won the match 23–11, handing the All Blacks their fourth defeat of the tour.
The nature of the Barbarians as a touring side made for a diverse fixture list, but at a number of points in the club's history they have settled for a time into a regular pattern.
The 2014–15 fixture list included matches against Leicester Tigers and Heriot's Rugby Club in addition to the Final Challenge game with Australia and the annual Combined Services match.
The Heriot's game celebrated the 125th anniversary of both that club and the Barbarians, while the Leicester game was also part of the Barbarians' 125th anniversary schedule.
The Barbarians were also invited to play in the first ever Rugby match at the London Olympic Stadium in 2015 against Samoa.
The match formed part of the BOA's programme of events to celebrate the centenary of the first London Olympic Games where Australia defeated a Great Britain (Cornwall) side in the final 32–3.
In 1908 France were the defending Olympic champions, but when they withdrew from the event, leaving just Australia and Great Britain to contest the gold medal, it was then County champions Cornwall who took to the field to represent the host nation.
Cornwall's 1908 contribution was also further recognised by the presentation of the Cornwall Cup to the winning 2008 captain at Wembley, with the players of the respective sides receiving gold or silver commemorative medals.
In a change to the tradition of the Barbarians players wearing their own club socks, in this game, they all wore Cornwall's black and gold socks.
The break with the tradition was highly regarded by the secretary of the Cornwall Rugby Football Union, Alan Mitchell, who was said to have been humbled by the honour.
Their first match was a 19–0 victory against Munster on 10 November 2017, played as part of a double header with the men's team playing Tonga.
Their first-ever match against international competition saw six tries scored in a 34–33 victory against the USA at Infinity Park in the Denver suburb of Glendale, Colorado.
Valedictorian is an academic title of success used in the United States, Canada, Philippines, and Armenia, (and elsewhere in limited number of schools) for the student who delivers the closing or farewell statement at a graduation ceremony (called a valediction).
The chosen valedictorian is traditionally the student with the highest ranking (highest Grade Point Average, or GPA) among their graduating class.
The valedictory address generally is considered a final farewell to classmates, before they disperse to pursue their individual paths after graduating.
In Australia, the title is sometimes awarded to a member of a graduating university class on the basis of contribution to the school rather than academic success.
Some institutions confer the title on the class member chosen to deliver the final graduation address, regardless of the speaker's academic credentials.
Historically and traditionally, however, schools confer the title upon the highest ranking graduate of the class, who thereby earns the honor of delivering the valedictory address.
Some institutions award the title based upon various criteria such as overall academic record of grades and credits, a student's grade point average, the level of rigor within a student's academic program of studies, a vote by school administrators, the level of participation in and dedication to extracurricular activities, and one's public-speaking skills and abilities.
In other schools, the position may be elected by the school body or appointed directly by the school administration based on various systems of merit.
This may occur in the case of a numerical tie in grade point averages, as part of a Latin honors system.
Often the differences separating the top student from the nearest competitors are small, and sometimes there are accusations that the winner took advantage of the rules in a way that seemed unfair, such as taking easy courses to get additional credits.
In turn, such changes have led to complaints that it is unfair to change the rules after a competition has begun.
The New Jersey Commissioner of Education, for example, required schools to make changes to valedictorian award policy effective only for the incoming freshman class, not students already enrolled.
Another New Jersey case raised the question of whether accommodations for students under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and related laws should affect valedictorian honors.
While those who do well in school often find success in University and professional life, one study claimed to show that valedictorians were not any more likely to excel at a global scale than other students, with the argument made that those with passions for subjects are more likely to excel, but those students find it more difficult to work hard at subjects they're not interested in.
It is an oration at commencement (in Canada, called convocation in university and graduation in high school) exercises in U.S. and some Canadian high schools, colleges, and universities delivered by one of the graduates.
The various aims of this address are to inspire the graduates and to thank individuals responsible for their successes while reflecting on youthful frivolity and the accomplishments of the class.
Above all, however, the primary aim of the valedictory address is to allow a representative of the graduating class to bid a final farewell to the students and to the school, as the graduates prepare to disperse and to begin the next phase of their lives.
Salutatorian is an academic title given in the United States, Armenia, and the Philippines to the second-highest-ranked graduate of the entire graduating class of a specific discipline.
This honor is traditionally based on grade point average (GPA) and number of credits taken, but consideration may also be given to other factors such as co-curricular and extracurricular activities.
The title comes from the salutatorian's traditional role as the first speaker at a graduation ceremony, delivering the salutation (where the valedictorian, on the other hand, speaks last, delivering the valediction).
In a high school setting, a salutatorian may also be asked to speak about the current graduating class or to deliver an invocation or benediction.
At the universities of Princeton and Harvard a Latin orator, usually a classics major, is chosen for his or her ability to write and deliver a speech to the audience in that language.
The patient undresses and is then placed in a position where the anus is accessible (lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over it, or lying down with feet in stirrups).
If the patient is lying on his/her side, the physician will usually have him/her bring one or both legs up to his/her chest.
If the patient bends over the examination table or the back of a chair, the physician will have him place his elbows on the table and squat down slightly.
If the patient uses the supine position, the physician will ask the patient to slide down to the end of the examination table until their buttocks are positioned just beyond the end.
The physician spreads the buttocks apart and will usually examine the external area (anus and perineum) for any abnormalities such as hemorrhoids, lumps, or rashes.
Then, as the patient relaxes and bears down (as if having a bowel movement), the physician slips a lubricated finger into the rectum through the anus and palpates the insides for a short time.
A number of medical students in Australia and the United Kingdom were instructed by consultant physicians to perform a rectal exam on patient without acquiring informed consent.
In veterinary medicine rectal examination is useful in dogs for analysis of the prostate (as in men), pelvic urethra, sublumbar lymph nodes, and anal glands.
In horses it is a vital component of the clinical examination for colic, to determine the presence or absence of bowel torsion, impaction, or displacement.
When horses undergo a rectal examination there is a small risk of a rectal tear occurring, which can be a life-threatening event, rapidly leading to peritonitis and septic shock.
It is also a common procedure in cattle, and is one method of diagnosing pregnancy in both the horse and the cow.
Although often debating the concept, most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be characterized by abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic behavior (e.g., art, ornamentation), music and dance, exploitation of large game, and blade technology, among others.
Other models focus on how modern human behavior may have arisen through gradual steps; the archaeological signatures of such behavior only appearing through demographic or subsistence-based changes.
To classify what traits should be included in modern human behavior, it is necessary to define behaviors that are universal among living human groups.
As well, a reliance on social learning may be responsible in part for humans' rapid adaptation to many environments outside of Africa.
Since cultural universals are found in all cultures including some of the most isolated indigenous groups, these traits must have evolved or have been invented in Africa prior to the exodus.
The use of trait lists, according to Shea (2011), runs the risk of taphonomic bias, where some sites may yield more artifacts than others despite similar populations; as well, trait lists can be ambiguous in how behaviors may be empirically recognized in the archaeological record.
Some researchers argue that a greater emphasis should be placed on identifying only those artifacts which are unquestionably, or purely, symbolic as a metric for modern human behavior.
These authors note that traits used as a metric for behavioral modernity do not appear as a package until around 40–50,000 years ago.
Klein (1995) specifically describes evidence of fishing, bone shaped as a tool, hearths, significant artifact diversity, and elaborate graves are all absent before this point.
Most researchers argue that a neurological or genetic change, perhaps one enabling complex language, such as FOXP2, caused this revolutionary change in our species.
Howiesons Poort, Blombos, and other South African archaeological sites, for example, show evidence of marine resource acquisition, trade, the making of bone tools, blade and microlith technology, and abstract ornamentation at least by 80,000 years ago.
Given evidence from Africa and the Middle East, a variety of hypotheses have been put forth to describe an earlier, gradual transition from simple to more complex human behavior.
Some authors have pushed back the appearance of fully modern behavior to around 80,000 years ago in order to incorporate the South African data.
These researchers describe how anatomically modern humans could have been cognitively the same and what we define as behavioral modernity is just the result of thousands of years of cultural adaptation and learning.
Noting that Neanderthal assemblages often portray traits similar to those listed for modern human behavior, researchers stress that the foundations for behavioral modernity may in fact lie deeper in our hominin ancestors.
These features include blade and microlithic technology, bone tools, increased geographic range, specialized hunting, the use of aquatic resources, long distance trade, systematic processing and use of pigment, and art and decoration.
This suggests a gradual assembling of the package of modern human behaviours in Africa, and its later export to other regions of the Old World.
Between these extremes is the view – currently supported by archaeologists Chris Henshilwood, Curtis Marean, Ian Watts and others – that there was indeed some kind of 'human revolution' but that it occurred in Africa and spanned tens of thousands of years.
These archaeologists point in particular to the relatively explosive emergence of ochre crayons and shell necklaces apparently used for cosmetic purposes.
While viewing the emergence of language as a 'revolutionary' development, this school of thought generally attributes it to cumulative social, cognitive and cultural evolutionary processes as opposed to a single genetic mutation.
Cultural evolutionary models may also shed light on why although evidence of behavioral modernity exists before 50,000 years ago it is not expressed consistently until that point.
With small population sizes, human groups would have been affected by demographic and cultural evolutionary forces that may not have allowed for complex cultural traits.
High local extinction rates within a population also can significantly decrease the amount of diversity in neutral cultural traits, regardless of cognitive ability.
Highly speculatively, bicameral mind theory argues for an additional, and cultural rather than genetic, shift from selfless to self-perceiving forms of human cognition and behavior very late in human history, in the Bronze Age.
This is based on a literary analysis of Bronze Age texts which claims to show the first appearances of the concept of self around this time, replacing the voices of gods as the primary form of recorded human cognition.
Before the Out of Africa theory was generally accepted, there was no consensus on where the human species evolved and, consequently, where modern human behavior arose.
Beads and other personal ornamentation have been found from Morocco which might be as much as 130,000 years old; as well, the Cave of Hearths in South Africa has yielded a number of beads dating from significantly prior to 50,000 years ago, and shell beads dating to about 75,000 years ago have been found at Blombos Cave, South Africa.
Specialized projectile weapons as well have been found at various sites in Middle Stone Age Africa, including bone and stone arrowheads at South African sites such as Sibudu Cave (along with an early bone needle also found at Sibudu) dating approximately 60,000-70,000 years ago, and bone harpoons at the Central African site of Katanda dating to about 90,000 years ago.
Evidence also exists for the systematic heat treating of silcrete stone to increased its flake-ability for the purpose of toolmaking, beginning approximately 164,000 years ago at the South African site of Pinnacle Point and becoming common there for the creation of microlithic tools at about 72,000 years ago.
Analysis shows that a liquefied pigment-rich mixture was produced and stored in the two abalone shells, and that ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones and hammer-stones also formed a composite part of the toolkits.
Expanding subsistence strategies beyond big-game hunting and the consequential diversity in tool types has been noted as signs of behavioral modernity.
Pinnacle Point, in particular, shows exploitation of marine resources as early as 120,000 years ago, perhaps in response to more arid conditions inland.
Taphonomic change in fish skeletons from Blombos Cave have been interpreted as capture of live fish, clearly an intentional human behavior.
Humans in North Africa (Nazlet Sabaha, Egypt) are known to have dabbled in chert mining, as early as ≈100,000 years ago, for the construction of stone tools.
Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviors including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points.
In 2019, further evidence of early complex projectile weapons in Africa was found at Aduma, Ethiopia, dated 100,000-80,000 years ago, in the form of points considered likely to belong to darts delivered by spear throwers.
While traditionally described as evidence for the later Upper Paleolithic Model, European archaeology has shown that the issue is more complex.
A variety of stone tool technologies are present at the time of human expansion into Europe and show evidence of modern behavior.
Despite the problems of conflating specific tools with cultural groups, the Aurignacian tool complex, for example, is generally taken as a purely modern human signature.
If, as this might suggest, human groups were already migrating into eastern Europe around 40,000 years and only afterward show evidence of behavioral modernity, then either the cognitive change must have diffused back into Africa or was already present before migration.
Despite this, European evidence has shown a variety of personal ornaments and artistic artifacts produced by Neanderthals; for example, the Neanderthal site of Grotte du Renne has produced grooved bear, wolf, and fox incisors, ochre and other symbolic artifacts.
There are two options to describe this symbolic behavior among Neanderthals: they copied cultural traits from arriving modern humans or they had their own cultural traditions comparative with behavioral modernity.
If they just copied cultural traditions, which is debated by several authors, they still possessed the capacity for complex culture described by behavioral modernity.
Most debates surrounding behavioral modernity have been focused on Africa or Europe but an increasing amount of focus has been placed on East Asia.
Unlike Europe, where initial migration occurred around 50,000 years ago, human remains have been dated in China to around 100,000 years ago.
Although one site, Kanedori in Honshu, does suggest the use of watercraft as early as 84,000 years ago, there is no other evidence of hominins in Japan until 50,000 years ago.
The Zhoukoudian cave system near Beijing has been excavated since the 1930s and has yielded precious data on early human behavior in East Asia.
Although disputed, there is evidence of possible human burials and interred remains in the cave dated to around 34-20,000 years ago.
Along with possible burials, numerous other symbolic objects like punctured animal teeth and beads, some dyed in red ochre, have all been found at Zhoukoudian.
Although fragmentary, the archaeological record of eastern Asia shows evidence of behavioral modernity before 50,000 years ago but, like the African record, it is not fully apparent until that time.
It operates scheduled and charter services throughout Europe from its hub at Podgorica Airport with a second base maintained at Tivat Airport.
Montenegro Airlines had to cease international flights from Serbia to countries other than Montenegro, thus losing the profitable Niš - Zurich line, due to lack of Seventh Freedom policy.
In an effort to circumvent this, Montenegro Airlines registered a separate airline in Serbia called Master Airways, but it was denied an operating license allegedly due to Serbian Government protectionist policies.
On April 17, 2009, El Al and Montenegro Airlines issued a joint statement reiterating El Al's keen interest in buying 30% of the stock, but the plan failed.
After the arrival of the airline's first pair of Embraer E-195s, Montenegro Airlines requested Embraer to change the remaining backlog order to the E-175.
On July 6, 2012, local media cited that Montenegro Airlines has yet again changed the fourth order, this time requesting an E-190LR model.
In August 2016, it was reported that accounts belonging to Montenegro Airlines had been frozen after the airline failed to comply with a court ruling regarding the payment of debts to the operator of the country's airports.
As of July 2018, Montenegro Airlines serves 21 destinations in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Austria, Slovenia, Serbia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
The Melbourne gangland killings were the murders of 36 criminal figures in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 16 January 1998 and 13 August 2010.
The majority of the murders are still unsolved, although police from the Purana Taskforce believe that Carl Williams was responsible for ten of them.
On his 29th birthday, while meeting with Jason Moran and his half brother Mark Moran on 13 October 1999 at a suburban park in Gladstone Park, Jason Moran shot Carl Williams in the stomach over a dispute about money earned in the amphetamine trade.
Through the period after his run-in with the Moran family, Williams commenced a war with the aim of killing all of the Moran clan.
The murder of former lawyer Mario Condello on 6 February 2006 caused speculation of a possible resurgence in the killings, although this was denied by police.
The majority of underworld crime figures and major incidents can be traced back to the Painters and Dockers Union that existed on Melbourne's waterfront after the Second World War.
The Union had a Mafia-like structure, and most criminal activity was centred around control of the Union, and the cut associated with the drugs (primarily heroin and cocaine) that passed through the port.
The Melbourne Markets were seen as a natural distribution point for these illegal substances (they were just across the road from the docks area).
As well as drug dealing, criminals received income through protection rackets in King Street nightclubs, as well as in prostitution, illegal gambling, and armed robbery.
The genesis of the underworld conflict can be traced to the 1996 arrest of John William Samuel Higgs, then Australia's number one trafficker of amphetamines.
Higgs was a well-connected criminal with a wide network of contacts both in the underworld and among corrupt police, and it took several years in one of the country's most expensive criminal investigations to finally convict him of drug trafficking charges.
The case was controversial and included a major cache of drugs linked to Higgs and his syndicate mysteriously vanishing in the storage depots of Melbourne's drug squad, almost certainly thanks to corrupt police involvement.
The downfall of Higgs and his closest associates meant younger criminals became keen to enter the drug trade and fill the vacuum left by Higgs' arrest.
This included underworld figures such as Jason Moran and Carl Williams who would become key figures in the Melbourne gangland killings.
Both Gangitano and Hegyalji had been major figures in the Melbourne underworld, and Gangitano in particular had been a close ally of Higgs.
Following these two deaths many of Gangitano and Hegyalji's former associates suddenly rose to positions of importance in the underworld, and it was several of these figures, such as Vince Mannella and Dimitrios Belias, who became the next victims in Melbourne's underworld war as the fight for power escalated.
The conflict was further exacerbated by the 1999 shooting of Carl Williams, who was shot in the stomach by the Moran brothers, Jason and Mark, over a drug-related debt.
Williams, who survived the shooting, vowed to exterminate the Moran family and in doing so became the most infamous criminal involved in the killings, as he arranged the murders of most of the Moran family and several of their allies in the Carlton Crew.
The task force was established by Victoria Chief Commissioner of Police Christine Nixon in 2003, and enjoyed success in investigating and halting the killings, despite being initially pushed for staff.
Victoria's state police have lamented the death of gang figures who were killed before they were able to aid their investigation.
At approximately 8.30am on the 28th of December 2002 - While under police surveilance, Mark Anthony Smith, returned to his home after dropping his daughter off at work.
Smith parked the car, and as he was getting out was shot in the neck and hand in the driveway of his Keilor home.
He pleaded guilty to drug trafficking charges relating to his arrest in 2001 and in October 2004 was given a seven-year jail sentence, which he was serving in the maximum security Acacia unit of Barwon Prison at the time of his death.
Thomas Hentschel turned informer and consequently, on 17 September 2004, Alfonso Traglia, Victor Brincat and Carl Williams were charged with the murders of Jason Moran and Pasquale Barbaro.
In May 2005 Carl Williams was additionally charged with the murder of Mark Moran, after a former employee agreed to testify that he was Carl's driver on the day of the incident, and drove him to a location near Mark's house at the time of the murder.
In May 2005, Keith Faure, brother Noel Faure, 50, and Evangelos Goussis, 37, all of Geelong were charged with the murder of Lewis Moran and the attempted murder of Bert Wrout.
During the trial in June 2005 an eyewitness to the shooting refused at the last minute to testify against Ibrahim, and was charged with contempt of court.
During the trial, he claimed he had acted in self-defence after Veniamin pulled out a .38 calibre handgun and threatened to kill him.
Gatto claims that during a struggle he was able to turn the gun around on Veniamin and fire one shot into his neck, and one shot in the eye.
He also claimed that during the argument, Veniamin had implicated himself in the deaths of Dino Dibra, Paul Kallipolitis and Graham Kinniburgh.
On 3 November 2005, Keith Faure and Evangelos Goussis became the first convicted with murder related to the Melbourne gangland killings.
He was charged with the murder of Mark Mallia whose tortured body was stuffed in a wheelie bin, dumped in a stormwater drain and set alight.
On 28 February 2007, Carl Williams pleaded guilty to murdering Jason Moran in June 2003 and his father Lewis Moran in March 2004.
He also pleaded guilty to a third murder, but the name of that victim was suppressed until recently when it was announced that it was Mark Mallia.
Wearing a brown stuff wig and having grown a beard, Mokbel was found carrying a fake Australian passport and driver's licence in the name of Stephen Papas.
Tony Mokbel was finally extradited back to Melbourne (and Barwon Prison) on 17 May 2008, from Athens via a heavily guarded, private charter plane.
Moran claimed that she was visiting her son, Mark's grave at Fawkner cemetery at the time as the date of the murder was also the ninth anniversary of Mark's death.
But the real motive for the crime was on ongoing dispute between Judy and Des over the money remaining after the murders of three family members.
Judy Moran drove the shooter, Geoffery Armour and also accomplice Michael Farrugia to and from the Ascot Vale deli where Des was eventually shot and killed.
It was then revealed that Armour pleaded guilty to the murder of Des Moran with Farrugia pleading guilty to manslaughter months earlier before becoming the prosecution's star witness in the case against Judy Moran in which the jury took seven days to deliberate before finally finding Moran guilty of murder.
In December 2018, it was revealed that one of the defence lawyers involved in the prosecutions had become a police informant, prompting a royal commission..
The Royal Commission into the Management of Police Informants will examine the extent to which cases may have been affected by the conduct of Gobbo, who was registered as an informant with Victoria Police from 1 January 1995 to 13 January 2009.
Due to ongoing legal proceedings in Victoria, Justice Betty King prohibited the Nine Network from airing the show in Victoria and from providing access to the show via their website.
It is the final album by the band to feature co-founder Bev Bevan on drums, as well as the last album to feature keyboardist Richard Tandy in an official capacity, until 2019's From Out Of Nowhere.
By this time Kelly Groucutt had departed and the group was pared down to a trio of Jeff Lynne (who doubled on bass as a result of Groucutt's absence), Richard Tandy, and Bev Bevan.
ELO played some live concerts in the UK and Europe (their last for fifteen years), and for one UK show George Harrison performed as guest guitarist.
The remastered version of the album was released on 26 February (UK) and 20 March (US) 2007 as part of the Sony/BMG Music Epic/Legacy series.
The Ankh-Morpork City Watch is expanding; there is now a Traffic department with traffic cameras implemented using iconograph technomancy and a wheel clamping team, and the clacks are beginning to replace homing pigeons for communications between officers.
The Watch is also investigating the theft of the replica Scone of Stone (a parody of the real-life Stone of Scone) from the Ankh-Morpork Dwarf Bread Museum.
Samuel Vimes, Commander of the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and Duke of Ankh, is sent to the remote region of Überwald as an ambassador to take advantage of the coronation to negotiate with the new Low King on increased imports of fat.
They instigate the apparent theft of the real Scone of Stone from its closely guarded cave, hoping to cause a civil war between traditionalists and progressive dwarfs and isolate the country under the werewolves' feudal leadership.
In his official capacity as ambassador Vimes meets the leaders of the local vampires, werewolves and dwarfs, starting to investigate the planned putsch along the way.
Meanwhile, back in Ankh-Morpork, Angua, alerted by another wolf, learns that her werewolf brother Wolfgang is the head of the conspiracy and sets out to Überwald to stop him.
As captain, Colon becomes increasingly strict and paranoid, punishing other members of the watch for minor offences which they did not commit, such as demoting Constable Visit to Lance Constable for supposedly stealing a sugar lump.
The other members of the Watch join and protest against Colon, but eventually it dwindles to just Nobby, Visit, zombie Constable Reg Shoe and golem Constable Dorfl.
Vimes' wife has been taken to the castle of Angua's werewolf family, so the commander and his entourage set out to save her.
With the Low King's regalia returned, the enthronement ceremony finally takes place, and Vimes is granted prime rates for fat imports to Ankh-Morpork, thus fulfilling his original mission.
Carrot takes back his old rank of captain, returning Colon to his duties as a sergeant and ordering him and Nobby to gather the rest of the Watch together.
From 2001, the airline phased out its Soviet-era fleet for a more modern fleet of Boeing 717s, which were extensively used for service on domestic routes until their retirement.
On April 29, 2009 a Boeing 737-700 was demonstrated in Ashgabat and on 2 September Boeing announced that Turkmenistan Airlines had confirmed an order for three more such aircraft worth $192 million.
Booking flights can be carried out in the standard way, but the information about air travel began to given out in the form of a passenger itinerary receipt.
In October of the same year, flights to Donetsk and Riga commenced followed in December by the first scheduled service to Western Europe - Paris.
, Turkmenistan Airlines operates flights to 23 domestic and international destinations from its hub at Ashgabat International Airport as well as some additional minor and mainly domestic operations from Turkmenabat Airport and Turkmenbashi Airport.
On 30 September 1717, Christian-Louis de Montmorency Luxembourg, Prince of Tigny and Marshal of France, purchased, for the sum of 91 Livres, 2869 toises (30,000 m²) of land along the Rue de Varenne.
But the expense of the enterprise forced the Prince of Tigny to sell, and it was Jacques Goyon, Count of Matignon who bought the Hôtel, completed in 1725, as a present for his son, the Duke of Valentinois.
This archway reveals the main courtyard, bracketed by two low wings of offices and outbuildings, to the right of which are situated another courtyard, the stables and the kitchens.
Those to the right and left house the staircases, while the central pavilion displays a magnificent balcony sculpted with lion motifs.
Visitors' admiration is drawn by two singular architectural features: the segmented cupola of the entrance hall and, to its right, the first room to have been originally designed for dining.
The façade seen from the garden runs the entire length of the buildings, concealing the main courtyard and the servants' yard.
Although the design results in a slight imbalance in the natural disposition of the mansion, it respects the placement of a central pavilion with three panels surmounted by a broken pediment bearing the arms of the owners.
The wood panelling is the work of Michel Lange, who had already decorated the Grand Salon of the Hôtel d'Évreux (today the Ambassadors' Salon of the Élysée Palace.
In 1731, the wife of Jacques de Matignon, daughter of Anthony I Grimaldi, succeeded her father as head of the principality of Monaco.
A professional dancer, she caught the eye, at the Carnival of Venice, of Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg, who had three children by her.
The Duke died in 1793, and finding herself in Vienna and once more a dancer, she became the mistress of Joseph II.
In 1808, the Hôtel Matignon passed into the hands of one of the best-known figures of the first half of the 19th century: Monsieur de Talleyrand, Prince of Bénévent and Deputy Great Elector.
He was obliged to put the Hôtel for sale; the Emperor had it purchased for 1,280 000 Francs ... but Talleyrand never reimbursed Hamburg.
She promptly installed a community of nuns on the premises, charged with praying for the souls of victims of the French Revolution.
Her niece inherited the property in 1822 and moved the community to the Rue de Picpus to rent out the Hôtel.
Following the revolution of 1848, it was planned to place the Hôtel Matignon at the disposal of the head of the executive branch of the new Republic.
A short time later the Hôtel was sold to the Duke of Galliera, Raffaele de Ferrari, member of the Genoese nobility and husband of Marie de Brignole Sale, great niece to the Princess of Monaco.
On 14 May 1886, this was the setting of one of the century's most sumptuous receptions: three thousand guests, the entire aristocracy of France, the diplomatic corps and numerous political figures thronged to celebrate the marriage of Princess Amélie, the Count's daughter, with Carlos, heir to the Portuguese throne.
The story goes that, on the day of the reception, the President had a sudden desire to visit the Bois de Boulogne, but was unable to leave the Elysée because of the congested traffic.
The following day, no doubt alarmed by such a large gathering of Monarchists in the Capital, the President of the Council, Charles de Freycinet, called for a law exiling pretenders to the French throne.
The Duchess of Galliera was disenchanted and quit Paris, leaving her mansion to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor, who made it his embassy in France.
During World War I, the hôtel was also the place where the philatelic collection of Philipp von Ferrary (the most valuable stamp collection ever assembled) was deposited when its owner, the son of the Duke of Galliera and an Austrian citizen, had to flee France in 1917.
There were plans to turn the mansion into a museum; the property was to be subdivided and individual dwellings built, including the adjacent mansion built by the architect Jean Walter in 1924.
Edouard Daladier, prime minister at the start of the Second World War, did not leave his apartment near the Arc de Triomphe and worked at the War Ministry.
In their haste they even confused the Avenue Matignon, located on the Right Bank of the Seine, with the Hôtel Matignon, situated on the Left Bank.
Luodian County () is a county under the administration of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the south of Guizhou province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south.
The county is frequented by both Chinese and foreign geologists, with the core area of work called Big Guizhoutan, or Big Guizhou Shoal.
In 1749, Luojing Prefecture was sentenced to the Prefecture of Fanzhou and was transferred to Guiyang Prefecture; in 1880, the state was changed to the same name in August; on March 1, 1881, Luo Yi Tongzhi was promoted to Luo Wei Hall.
The government stationed a new city; in 1936, Luodian County administers seven districts and thirty-four joint guarantees; in the 1937, Luodian County was renamed Guizhou Province.
For the two districts; in 1947, the Luodian County Administrative Region was reorganized into a district office, two towns, 16 townships, and 121 Baohe 1032 A.
On March 23, 1951, Luodian was liberated, and the next day the Luodian County People's Government was established, which was attached to the Guiyang area.
On June 26, 1954, the Luodian County People's Government renamed the People's Government of the Buyi Autonomous Region of Luodian County.
On November 5, 1955, the People's Government of the Buyi Autonomous Region of Luodian County was renamed the People's Committee of Luodian Buyi Autonomous County.
In December of this year, the district office was revoked, and the six people's communes that formed one district and one community by district were replaced.
On December 29 of the same year, Pingtang County was withdrawn and the three communes (districts) under its jurisdiction were placed under the jurisdiction of Luodian County.
In August 1961, Pingtang County was restored, and the three communities (districts) that had been originally transferred back to Pingtang County.
In December of the same year, six district offices were restored, and 52 administrative districts were built into 22 people's communes.
In the autumn of 1969, Luodian County withdrew from the district and merged with the original 54 communes and towns into 22 communes.
In January 1979, the Revolutionary Committees of various districts were renamed the District Offices, and at the end of the year, the Revolutionary Committees of the Communities were renamed the Commune Management Committee.
In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses.
When a current name has a basionym, the author or authors of the basionym are included in parentheses at the start of the author citation.
If a basionym is later found to be illegitimate, it becomes a replaced synonym and the current name's author citation must be changed so that the basionym authors do not appear.
In 1964, the subfamily name Pomoideae, which had been in use for the group within family Rosaceae that have pome fruit like apples, was no longer acceptable under the code of nomenclature because it is not based on a genus name.
Claude Weber did not consider the family name Malaceae to be taxonomically appropriate, so he created the name Maloideae at the rank of subfamily, referring to the original description of the family, and using the same type.
Located seven kilometres west of the city centre, south of the Phoenix Park, it is bordered on the north by Chapelizod, on the south by Walkinstown, on the east by Inchicore, on the north-west by Palmerstown and the south-west by Clondalkin.
The Papal Bull Laudabiliter of Adrian IV, and encouragement by his successor, Pope Alexander III urged a Norman invasion of Ireland.
An expeditionary force led by Richard De Clare (Strongbow) with a retinue of about six hundred were dispatched with the consent of Angevin King Henry II of England.
Diarmait was at war with the Ard Rí, Ruari O'Conor and Tighernan O'Ruairc, Prince of Breffni who together had unseated him.
After the Treaty of Windsor in 1175, through feudal land grants and intermarriage, the Cambro Norman knights came into possession of land in south and west Dublin.
Family names associated with the area at this time included Mac Giolla Mocolmog (FitzDermot), O'Cathasaidhe, Fitzwilliam, Le Gros (Grace), O'Dualainghe, Tyrrell, O'Hennessy, O'Morchain, Dillon, O'Kelly, De Barneval (Barnewall), and Newcomyn (Newcomen).
In 1307 the manor of Ballyfermot was held by William Fitzwilliam and his wife Avice, who leased part of it to Thomas Cantock, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
Located northwest of the intersection of Le Fanu and Raheen Roads, it was the centre of the Upper (west) and Lower (east) Ballyfermot townships.
Built in stone by Wolfram De Barneval in the fourteenth century, it was a stronghold against the formidable O'Byrnes and O'Tooles.
A short distance from the castle site at the south-east end of Le Fanu Park is a mound which covers the ruins and churchyard of the rectory church of St Laurence.
Sir Robert Newcomen who died in 1629 and his son Sir Beverley Newcomen, Admiral of Ireland, who died in 1637 while taking soundings at Waterford harbour were buried here.
His mother Elizabeth (Barnewall of Drimnagh Castle) who died in 1643 is buried as is his widow Margaret (Usher of Donnybrook Castle).
MPs for the Westmeath constituency of Kilbeggan, they also married into the Fitzgeralds of Maynooth, and the Nugents, Husseys, Tuites and Nagles of East and West Meath.
Area manor houses of note include Johnstown House (St John's College), Colepark House, Sarsfield House, Sevenoaks, Floraville, Auburn Villa and Gallanstown House.
The Ballyfermot townlands were transferred from the Barony of Newcastle to the Barony of Uppercross in the late nineteenth century (Ireland Local Government Act 1898).
This development, along with estates at Drimnagh, Crumlin, Walkinstown and other pockets in the south city, and Cabra, Finglas and Donnycarney along with smaller pockets in the north city provided modern accommodation to facilitate the Dublin City Council public/private housing programs.
Initially leased to waiting lists, these modest high quality, well constructed homes were sold to their residents even prior to similar government initiatives in the United Kingdom.
Gradually, the adjacent townlands to the south of Ballyfermot Road and north of Grange Cross - Ballyfermot Upper, Blackditch, Cherry Orchard, Raheen and Gallanstown were similarly developed.
Johnstown, a townland of Palmerstown, located around Johnstown House (St John's College De La Salle) south of Chapelizod was developed for residential housing.
Now divided along the Drumfin/Glenaulin/Sports Park perimeter, the west portion was retained by Palmerstown, while the east portion became the township/electoral district of Drumfin in Dublin City (Local Government Act 1993), and included in postal district Dublin 10.
During the 1970s Ballyfermot suffered from a lack of facilities and opportunities for its residents however these conditions have improved over time.
Ballyfermot is bordered to the north by the N4, to the south by the N7 and to the west by the M50.
The local station is Cherry Orchard/Park West Station, which is located on the Park West Road on the western perimeter of Ballyfermot.
A Luas line to Lucan proposes passing through the centre of Ballyfermot village before going on to serve Liffey Valley and Lucan village.
The magnificent Irish National War Memorial, Memorial Gardens and Park, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, are accessible from the Sarsfield Road via East Timor Park.
Other parks located in the area include Le Fanu Park, Glenaulin Sports Park, Markievicz Park (also known as the Match Box by some older residents), East Timor Park, and Cherry Orchard Park.
Cherry Orchard Hospital is a public health facility which has a containment laboratory capable of testing for the deliberate release of Bacillus anthracis.
The Ballyfermot Medical Clinic is closed but a new Primary Care and Mental Health Centre has been opened beside Cherry Orchard Hospital.
The Hermitage Hospital is a 101-bed private facility with specialised medical teams who provide medical, surgical and advanced radiotherapy care to patients.
Published by Wolfhound Press, it is about growing up in Dublin which wasn't easy in the 1940s, but having a family trade helped.
His life is full of colourful characters including Christy Brown and family, Brendan Behan, Noel Purcell, Patrick Kavanagh, Mick McCarthy and the famous Embankment, and of course, Luke Kelly and the Dubliners.
This intriguing book gives the reader a rare picture of Dublin as a growing town soon to become the capital city of today.
People who grew up here have fond nostalgic memories of childhood Saturday matinees, complete with weekly episodes of Batman and Super Man.
Many of these very young early rock musicians were graduates of the De La Salle music programme and played with the popular De La Salle Boy's Band.
The local Young Shadows and the Casino Showband (later the Indians) made their national debut live in black and white on RTÉ's Showband Show.
Some of their members went on to successful international musical careers here and in the UK, the continent, USA, Canada and Australia.
The Fureys, an internationally renowned traditional Irish music family, grew up locally and began their professional career while living in Ballyfermot.
BYS provides a range of services to the young people of Ballyfermot from outdoor education programmes, drop-in information centres, music and arts programmes, access to the European Youth in Action programme and a comprehensive Drugs Peer Education programme.
The BYS is one of the biggest youth services in Ireland and helps organise numerous youth exchanges all over Europe for youth in the area to allow them to experience other cultures.
The youth club has been opened since 1958 and offers a great place for children over the age of 9 to meet new friends and do activities weekly.
A number of players who started with this team have gone on to play professional soccer in the English Premiership and its associated divisions.
Ballyfermot De la Salle GAA Club is the only GAA club active in the actual area of Ballyfermot, with Liffey Gaels GAA clubhouse based at the border of Ballyfermot and Inchicore and serves the parish of Inchicore.
They currently play their senior home games in the Drumfin/Glenaulin Sports Park, located on the west side of California Hills Park.
The club plays in the Kerry colours as a tribute to the first parish priest, Kerryman Charles Canon Troy, who sponsored the club.
Michael and James's to reflect the efforts of the teachers and students of these schools in the development of the club.
Today their immediate catchment area is Inchicore and the parishes of St Michael's, St James’, St Catherine's, Rialto and Donore Avenue.
Jimmy was the manager of the senior teams in both football and hurling with Jack Whitney, Patrick (Paddy) Carolan and Bob Weathman.
Jimmy led the club to many successes on his watch, reaching the smooth turf of Croke Park on a number of occasions.
St Matthew's Boxing Club is located on Drumfinn Road adjacent to the grounds of Mary Queen of Angels National School, close to Ballyfermot Garda Station.
Cherry Orchard Equine Centre is an equine, education and training centre that offers a number of services to the local area located at Cherry Orchard Green, Ballyfermot.
It was established in 2001 in response to children not attending school in order to tend to the horses kept in Ballyfermot.
The problem of horses being kept in the Dublin suburb has spanned generations despite lack of proper facilities and horsemanship knowledge.
This centre was established in order to combat this issue and provide people with the skills required to care for a horse.
Rugby, Badminton, martial arts, snooker, pool, bowling, squash, handball, racquetball, indoor go-karting, tennis, pitch and putt, fishing, boules, rock-climbing, River Liffey rowing, and table tennis are all represented by local clubs.
Religious institutions serving the area include the Roman Catholic Church of the Assumption and the Church of St Matthew, St Laurence's Church, Chapelizod (Church of Ireland), and a number of Christian Evangelist denominations.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway had the largest stock of steam locomotives of any of the 'Big Four' Grouping, i.e.
Despite early troubles arising from factions within the new company, the LMS went on to build some very successful designs; many lasted until the end of steam traction on British Railways in 1968.
Unfortunately this practice, while emininently suitable for the route from Sheffield, Derby and Nottingham to London was not at all suited to the route from Euston to Glasgow via Crewe, Preston and Carlisle (the 'West Coast Main Line') and it took several years to convince the senior staff responsible for such matters that this was the case.
The first sign of the change was the Royal Scot 4-6-0 class of 1927, officially designed by Fowler, but actually designed by the North British Locomotive Company with approval from Henry Fowler.
His large, streamlined 'Princess Coronation' class engines were iconic and flew the flag for the LMS against the competing Class A4 of the London and North Eastern Railway.
See LMS locomotive numbering and classification for an explanation of the numbers allocated to inherited locomotives and the power classification system used below.
Its locomotives (which it always referred to as engines) followed a corporate small engine policy, with numerous class 2F, 3F and 4F 0-6-0s for goods work, 2P and 4P 4-4-0s for passenger work, and 0-4-4T and 0-6-0T tank engines.
The only exceptions to this were its 0-10-0 banking engine for Lickey Incline on its Bristol-Birmingham line, and the 7F 2-8-0 goods engines built by the Midland at their Derby locomotive works for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway.
The LNWR did not have a significant impact on LMS policy as the Midland, although it did inspire the Fowler-built 7F.
There were two other additions to the capital stock, the two locomotives of the narrow gauge Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway.
The class number used for Caledonian Railway engines was the stock number of the first member of the class to reach traffic.
It is known best for the Baltic tanks (which seemed to be a little more successful than the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway examples of the same arrangement).
The only class that survived as far as nationalisation were some moderate sized 0-6-0 tender engines classified '3F' by the LMS and as D5 by Bob Rush.
At the end of Fowler's reign, Ernest Lemon briefly took over as CME, but was quickly promoted to make room for William Stanier.
The Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was jointly owned by the LMS and the Southern with the LMS responsible for locomotive affairs.
William Stanier arrived in 1932 from the Great Western Railway and, with the backing of Josiah Stamp, reversed the small engine policy.
Charles Fairburn was somewhat restricted by the rules applied to the railway companies by the war situation (not to mention the fact that Stanier had left things in a state that required little or no new design).
He was responsible for the construction of a number of locomotives to Stanier designs (mainly the 8F 2-8-0 and 5MT 4-6-0) and some detailed design variations on the latter.
He continued building some Stanier types, but introduced some low-powered class 2 engines and a medium-powered class 4 mixed traffic design.
LMS locomotive design should have ended in 1948 at Nationalisation, but had enormous influence over the design of British Railways's 'Standard' steam locomotives by former LMS man R.A.
The Popular Front () was an alliance of left-wing movements, including the communist French Section of the Communist International (SFIC, also known as the French Communist Party), the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the progressive Radical-Socialist Republican Party, during the interwar period.
Three months after the victory of the Spanish Popular Front, the Popular Front won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Léon Blum and exclusively composed of republican and SFIO ministers.
The workers' movement welcomed this electoral victory by launching a general strike in May–June 1936, resulting in the negotiation of the Matignon agreements, one of the cornerstones of social rights in France.
However, the economy continued to stall, with 1938 production still not having recovered to 1929 levels, and higher wages had been neutralized by inflation.
The presidency of the cabinet was then taken over by Camille Chautemps, a Radical-Socialist, but Blum came back as President of the Council in March 1938, before being succeeded by Édouard Daladier, another Radical-Socialist, the next month.
The Popular Front dissolved itself in autumn 1938, confronted by internal dissensions related to the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), opposition of the right-wing, and the persistent effects of the Great Depression.
After one year of major activity, it lost its spirit by June 1937 and could only temporize as the European crisis worsened.
The workers obtained major new rights, but their 48 percent increase in wages was offset by a 46 percent rise in prices.
Industry had great difficulty adjusting to the imposition of a 40-hour workweek, which caused serious disruptions while France was desperately trying to catch up with Germany in military production.
France joined other nations and bitterly disappointed many French leftists in refusing to help the Spanish Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, partly because the right threatened another civil war in France itself.
The elections of 1932 had resulted in a victory for the two largest parties of the left, the Marxist SFIO and the Radical-Socialist PRRRS, as well as a several smaller parties ideologically close to Radicalism (an electoral pact known as the Cartel des Gauches); the Communist Party had run on its own, accusing the Socialists of social-fascism and opposing the subsequent centre-left governments.
However, major differences between the SFIO and PRRRS prevented them from forming a cabinet together, as all had expected, leaving France governed by a series of short-lived cabinets formed exclusively of the six Radical parties.
The Socialist Party reliably granted its confidence to these cabinets but fundamentally disagreed with their budget cuts, and the various small liberal centre-right parties who agreed with the budget cuts refused to support centre-left governments in which they were not represented.
The tensions finally erupted into the infamous 6 February 1934 crisis in which massive riots by authoritarian paramilitary leagues caused the collapse of the Cartel.
The Radical-Socialists and other republican centre-left parties accepted entry into a government dominated by the centre-right (the liberal conservative Democratic Alliance) and hard right (the Catholic conservative Republican Federation).
The support by extreme-right paramilitaries for the National Unity government alarmed the left, which feared that plans to reform the constitution would lead to the abandonment of parliamentary government for an authoritarian regime, as had recently occurred in other European democracies.
Thus, antifascism became the order of the day for a growing number of Communists, Socialists and Republicans as a result of a convergence of influences: the collapse of the centre-left coalition of 1932, the fear of the consequences of the 1934 riots and the broader European policy of the Comintern.
The Radical-Socialists were at the time the largest party in the Chamber, and had often been the dominant party of government during the second half of the Third Republic.
Beside the three main left-wing parties, Radical-Socialists, SFIO and PCF, the Popular Front was supported by several other parties and associations.
For the first time, the Socialists won more seats than the Radical-Socialists, and the Socialist leader, Léon Blum, became the first Socialist Prime Minister of France and the first Jew to hold that office.
The first Popular Front cabinet consisted of 20 Socialists, 13 Radical-Socialists and two Socialist Republicans (there were no Communist Ministers) and, for the first time, included three women (who were then not able to vote in France).
On 11 June, the Chamber of Deputies voted for the forty-hour workweek, the restoration of civil servants' salaries, and two weeks' paid holidays, by a majority of 528 to 7.
The Blum administration democratised the Bank of France by enabling all shareholders to attend meetings and set up a new council with more representation from government.
The legislative pace of the Popular Front government meant that before parliament went into recess, it had passed 133 laws within the space of 73 days.
Other measures carried out by the Popular Front government improved the pay, pensions, allowances, and taxes of public-sector workers and ex-servicemen.
The 1920 sales tax, opposed by the Left as a tax on consumers, was abolished and replaced by a production tax, which was considered to be a tax on the producer instead of the consumer.
The government also made some administrative changes to the civil service, such as a new director-general for the Paris police and a new governor for the Bank of France.
In addition, a secretariat for sports and leisure was established, and opportunities for the children of workers and peasants in secondary education were increased.
Secondary education was made free to all pupils; previously, it had been closed to the poor, who were unable to afford to pay tuition.
A Decree of the 12th of July 1936 extended compensation to cover diseases contracted in sewers, skin diseases due to the action of cements, dermatitis due to the action of trichloronaphthaline (acne), and cutaneous and nasal ulceration from potassium bichromate.
An Act of August 1936 extended to workers in general supplementary allowances that had previously been confined to workers injured in accidents prior to 9 January 1927.
An order dealing with rescue equipment in mines was issued on 19 August 1936, followed by two orders concerning packing and caving on 25 February 1937.
An act of 26 August 1936 that amended the social insurance scheme for commerce and industry raised the maximum daily maternity benefit from 18 to 22 francs, and an order of 13 February 1937 prescribed a special sound signal for road-rail coaches.
Improvements were made in unemployment allowances, and an Act of August 1936 increased the rate of pensions and allowances payable to miners and their dependents.
A decree was introduced that same month for the inspection of farm dwellings, and at the beginning of January 1937, an Advisory Committee on Rents was appointed by decree.
Blum persuaded the workers to accept pay raises and go back to work, ending the massive wave of strikes that disrupted production in 1936.
At the end of 40 hours, a shop or small factory had to shut down or replace its best workers; unions refused to compromise on this issue.
In turn, the Popular Front was actively fought by right-wing and far-right movements, which often used antisemitic slurs against Blum and other Jewish ministers.
The French left massively supported the Republican government in Madrid, and the right mostly supported the Nationalist insurgents, some even threatening to bring the war to France.
He collaborated with Britain and 25 other countries to formalize an agreement against sending any munitions or volunteer soldiers to Spain.
The Republicans in Spain found themselves increasingly on the defensive, and over 500,000 political refugees crossed the border into France, where they lived for years in refugee camps.
After 1937, the precarious coalition went into its death agony with rising extremism on left and right, as well as bitter recriminations.
In late 1938, the Communists broke with the coalition by voting against the Munich agreement, in which the Popular Front had joined with the British by handing over part of Czechoslovakia to Germany.
Radical cultural ideas came to the fore in the era of the Popular Front and often were explicitly supported by the governments, as in the 1937 Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne.
The new cross-class coalition of the Popular Front forced the Communists to accept some bourgeois cultural norms that they had long ridiculed.
These included patriotism, the veterans' sacrifice, the honor of being an army officer, the prestige of the bourgeois, and the leadership of the Socialist Party and the parliamentary Republic.
The party set up the Union des Jeunes Filles de France (UJFF) to appeal to young working women through publications and activities that were geared to their interests.
It issued a new model more attuned to the mood of the late 1930s and one more acceptable to the middle class elements of the Popular Front.
It now portrayed the ideal young Communist woman as a paragon of moral probity with her commitment to marriage and motherhood and gender-specific public activism.
With the 1936 Matignon Accords, the working class gained the right to two weeks' vacation a year for the first time.
Tens of thousands of families who had never seen the sea before now played in the waves, and Léo Langrange arranged around 500,000 discounted rail trips and hotel accommodation on a massive scale.
While this measure was thought of as a response to workers' alienation, the Popular Front gave Lagrange (SFIO), named Under-Secretary for Sports and the organisation of Leisure, responsibility for organizing the use this leisure time with priority to sports.
The fascist conception and use of sport as a means to an end contrasted with the SFIO's official stance, which had ridiculed sports as a bourgeois and reactionary activity.
That new sign of German's revisionism towards the conditions of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles violated the 1925 Locarno Treaties, which had been reaffirmed in 1935 by France, Britain and Italy, allied in the Stresa Front.
That led parts of the SFIO in supporting a conception of sport used as a training field for future conscription and, eventually, war.
The complex situation did not stop Lagrange from holding fast to an ethical conception of sports that rejected fascist militarism and indoctrination, scientific racist theories and the professionalisation of sports, which he opposed as an elitist conception that ignored the main popular aspect of sport.
Thus, as shown by the hierarchy of the ministers, which placed the sub-secretary of sport under the authority of the Minister of Public Health, sport was considered above all as a public health issue.
Such corporatist conceptions had led to the neo-socialist movement, whose members had been excluded from the SFIO on 5 November 1933.
However, scientific racist positions were upheld inside the SFIO and the Radical-Socialist Party, who supported colonialism and found in this discourse a perfect ideological alibi to justify colonial rule.
In protest against holding the event in a fascist country, the Spanish Popular Front, decided to organize rival games in Barcelona, under the name People's Olympiad.
Blum's government at first decided to take part in it, on insistence from the PCF, but the games were never held because the Spanish Civil War broke out.
In 1937, the Popular Front organized the Million Franc Race to induce automobile manufacturers to develop race cars capable of competing with the German Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union racers of the time, which were backed by the Nazi government as part of its sports policy.
The next year, Dreyfus succeeded in overwhelming the legendary Rudolf Caracciola, and his Silver Arrow at the Pau Grand Prix, becoming a national hero.
The Popular Front initiated the 1936 Blum-Viollette proposal, which was supposed to grant French citizenship to a minority of Algerian Muslims.
There is general agreement that at first it created enormous excitement and expectation on the left, but in the end, it failed to live up to its promise.
There is also general agreement, that the Popular Front provided a set of lessons and even an inspiration for the future.
It began a process of government intervention into economic affairs that grew rapidly during the Vichy and postwar regimes into the modern French welfare state.
Charles Sowerwine argues that the Popular Front was above all a coalition against fascism, and it succeeded in blocking the arrival of fascism in France until 1940.
Others point to the Communists, who refused to turn the general strike into a revolution, as well as their refusal to join the government.
Economic historians point to numerous bad financial and economic policies, such as delayed devaluation of the franc, which made French exports uncompetitive.
Economists especially consider the bad effects of the 40 hour week, which made overtime illegal, forcing employers to choose whether stop work or to replace their best workers with inferior and inexperienced workers when 40 hours had been reached.
More generally, the argument is made that France could not afford the labor reforms in the face of poor economic conditions, the fears of the business community, and the threat of Nazi Germany.
The forty hour week was particularly problematic in light of German weapons production - France was trying to compete with a nation which not only had a larger population but one which was working fifty to sixty hour work weeks.
Johann Deisenhofer (born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane protein, a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essential to photosynthesis.
Born in Bavaria, Deisenhofer earned his doctorate from the Technical University of Munich for research work done at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, West Germany, in 1974.
He conducted research there until 1988, when he joined the scientific staff of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the faculty of the Department of Biochemistry at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
This membrane protein complex, called a photosynthetic reaction center, was known to play a crucial role in initiating a simple type of photosynthesis.
Between 1982 and 1985, the three scientists used X-ray crystallography to determine the exact arrangement of the more than 10,000 atoms that make up the protein complex.
Their research increased the general understanding of the mechanisms of photosynthesis and revealed similarities between the photosynthetic processes of plants and bacteria.
Deisenhofer currently serves on the board of advisors of Scientists and Engineers for America, an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government.
The main road from Dubbo to the west also passes through, this being the Mitchell Highway named after the early explorer Sir Thomas Mitchell.
The village of Narramine was proclaimed in July 1883, and numerous buildings followed, including the police station built in 1890, the store (1890) and the Royal Hotel (1890).
In late March 1926, Narromine experienced its biggest flood since 1893, with the Macquarie River peaking at at 5 am on 27 March.
The town of Narromine has produced several success stories, most recently sports personalities Glenn McGrath (Australian cricket team: Fast bowler ), Melinda Gainsford-Taylor (Sprinter: Commonwealth Games medallist), Disney animator Adam Phillips and Justin Smith (rugby league: North Queensland Cowboys).
Other notable sportsmen to represent Australia at the International level include David Gillespie (Australian Rugby League) and David Jansen (International Gliding Championships).
The 1958 Melbourne Cup Winner, Baystone, was owned by the Burns family from Narromine - Robert Burns, and his two sons Norman and Noel.
Founded in 1982, the Gorillas have been a major force across the central west competitions and currently compete in the Blowes Clothing Cup.
The Gorillas had a successful 2017 season in which they won the Graincorp cup (north) without tasting defeat the entire year.
The infamous urn had never been held by Narromine in the 33 years since its inception, and this was the first time it had been contested since 1994.
Prior to this recent success the first grade side won the 2009 Blowes Cup defeating the Bathurst Bulldogs in the grand final, and also registered three straight minor premierships from 2009-2011.
As well as senior teams, the Gorillas has a fantastic junior rugby program with U/13's, U/15's and U/17's teams, plus sub-juniors.
During World War 2, Narromine was the location of RAAF No.19 Inland Aircraft Fuel Depot (IAFD), completed in 1942 and closed on 14 June 1944.
Usually consisting of 4 tanks, 31 fuel depots were built across Australia for the storage and supply of aircraft fuel for the RAAF and the US Army Air Forces at a total cost of £900,000 ($1,800,000).
Fossil species found there include invertebrates and also a type of rhinoceros, as well as a mousebird and a diving petrel.
Langebaanweg is also notable as the birthplace of former England cricketer Allan Lamb, who played 79 Tests for his adopted country as well as in the 1987 and 1992 Cricket World Cup Finals.
It was a network of affiliated college and university clubs, known as Labour Clubs, who campaigned in their campuses and communities for Labour’s values of equality and social justice.
Labour Students’ main activities included providing political education and training to its members, sending activists to by-elections and marginal constituencies across the country and organising politically within the National Union of Students and Student Unions.
Labour Students was disaffiliated from the Labour Party by the Party's National Executive Committee in September 2019, with the intent of replacing it with a new student organisation.
The Labour Party's first organisation for students was the National Association of Labour Student Organisations (NALSO), which was founded in 1946 but had its recognition by the party withdrawn in 1967 after it was taken over by supporters of the Trotskyist Socialist Labour League.
In 1970, some Labour supporters created Students for a Labour Victory, a group intended to coordinate campaigning in the general election that year.
Despite changing its name in the early 1990s, the current body, Labour Students, is still sometimes referred to by the acronym NOLS.
In its early years, NOLS was divided between two factions — members of the entryist Militant group and a mainstream left group, associated with the Tribune group of Labour MPs, which formed in January 1974 called Clause Four, after the central political statement of the Labour Party constitution.
Members of NOLS in the 1970s included future parliamentarians Charles Clarke, Bill Speirs, Peter Mandelson, Sally Morgan, Mike Gapes, Mike Jackson, Nigel Stanley, Margaret Curran and Johann Lamont.
In the early 2019 Labour Students leadership election there were 507 eligible voters, out of a claimed approximately 30,000 Labour Party student members.
As a consequence, about half of member clubs, including Oxford University Labour Club and Cambridge Universities Labour Club, disaffiliated from Labour Students.
Further to the disaffiliations by Labour university Clubs, a motion was tabled by Jon Lansman at the Labour Party NEC meeting in September of 2019 to dissolve the current organisation on the grounds that it did not pay its affiliation fees nor submitted its political rules to the party.
This means that, whilst its aims was broadly in line with the wider party, Labour Students was an independent organisation and was entitled to democratically determine its own policy and governance.
It also includes panels and sessions around issues of particular importance to Liberation groups, for example mental health services or tackling antisemitism on campuses.
The Labour Students National Committee convened regularly and work together to ensure the organisation runs smoothly and works effectively to represent members.
The rest of the National Committee was made up two vice chair positions, a further education representative, an international officer, eleven regional coordinators, the chairs of Welsh Labour Students and Scottish Labour Students, and four liberation officers.
A notable liberation officer is Lily Madigan who was the national women's officer and in charge of running the women's network and relevant liberation campaign.
These include the Labour Students NUS Group Leader/s, the Labour Students Rep on the Labour Party's National Policy Forum and the Youth and Students Rep on the Labour Party's National Executive Committee.
These were the Women's, Lesbian Gay Bisexual & Trans, Disabled Students and Black Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) Students campaigns, all of which are entitled to elect an officer to the National Committee.
Labour Students holds caucuses for each of the liberation groups at every national event, has an equal opportunities policy and ensures all events are fully accessible.
There were separate organisations for Labour Clubs in the devolved nations, known as Welsh Labour Students and Scottish Labour Students respectively.
Labour Students train and frequently deploy extremely experienced activists to campaign in by-elections across the country and in key marginal seats during general elections.
Labour Students have been credited with helping secure Labour victories at a number of by-elections in 2011, including in Feltham and Heston, Barnsley Central and Oldham East and Saddleworth.
As a result of this, Labour Students was viewed as an influential faction within the NUS and its members were frequently elected to the NUS National Executive Council (NEC) and to full-time officer positions, although 2015 saw a majority of their candidates losing to those to the Left.
In the late 1970s, Labour Students (then NOLS) worked within the NUS as part of the Broad Left, a student coalition which also included the student wing of the Communist Party of Great Britain and independent left wing students.
A succession of NOLS candidates were elected to the NUS Presidency until 2000 with the strongest challenges generally coming from those to the left of the Labour Party.
Several former NOLS NUS Presidents, including Charles Clarke and Jim Murphy, went on to serve as Cabinet ministers, serving as members of a Labour government.
Labour Students' flagship policy in NUS was the rejection of campaigning for universal grants, in favour of targeting student support funds towards poorer students through means testing.
However, the position was reversed again when National Conference 2016 voted to campaign for universal living grants, funded through progressive taxation, in both further and higher education, in a policy change that had been pushed forward by the left-wing group, the National Campaign Against Fees & Cuts.
Recent graduates of Labour Students have often gone on to work in Labour Party Headquarters, as ministerial special advisers, Trade Union officials and as members of left-leaning think tanks.
Doctor of Divinity should not be confused with the Doctor of Theology (ThD) degree, which is a research doctorate in theology awarded by universities and divinity schools, such as Duke Divinity School and others.
Another research doctorate in theology is the Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD) which is in particular awarded by Catholic pontifical universities and faculties.
In the United Kingdom, the degree is a higher doctorate conferred by universities upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction for accomplishments beyond the PhD level.
Typically, the candidate will submit a collection of work which has been previously published in a peer-reviewed context and pay an examination fee.
The university then assembles a committee of academics both internal and external who review the work submitted and decide on whether the candidate deserves the doctorate based on the submission.
For example, Martin Luther King Jr. (who received a PhD in systematic theology from Boston University in 1955) subsequently received honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees from the Chicago Theological Seminary (1957), Boston University (1959), Wesleyan College (1964), and Springfield College (1964).
As of 2009, 20 U.S. states and Puerto Rico had some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight.
SouthGobi includes several well known tourist areas, including the Flaming Cliffs, Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park and Khongoryn Els - The Singing Sand Dunes.
According to a 2009 survey, 73.5% of the residents of Omnogovi are Buddhists, 2.9% are Christians, 23.3% do not identify with a formal religion, and 0.3% adhere to other formal religions.
After making a name for himself in Europe in Portugal, most notably with Porto and Benfica where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 246 matches and 54 goals over one full decade, he went on to have brief stints in Spain and Greece.
Although primarily a midfielder, he scored 11 goals in 32 Champions League appearances and 35 in 80 for the Slovenian national team.
The all-time record holder in goals for Slovenia, Zahovič was an essential member of the squad as they qualified for the first time ever to a European Championship and a World Cup, in the early 2000s.
In 1989, the 18-year-old Kovinar Maribor player was noticed by FK Partizan's Milko Ǵurovski, at the time doing his mandatory military service in the town, who recommended the youngster to the club.
With the Belgrade club, he was repeatedly used over the course of three seasons – he also played one year on loan for FK Proleter Zrenjanin – contributing with 15 games and three goals as it won the 1992–93 national championship.
In the summer of 1993, aged 22, Zahovič moved to Portugal and signed for Vitória de Guimarães, joining fellow Primeira Liga side FC Porto after three solid seasons and two UEFA Cup qualifications.
With his new team he was equally important, winning three consecutive leagues whilst rarely missing a match; in his last year, he scored a career-best 14 goals.
Zahovič netted seven goals for Porto during the 1998–99 UEFA Champions League, thus finishing third in the competition's scoring charts behind Dynamo Kyiv's Andriy Shevchenko and Dwight Yorke of Manchester United, who both scored eight.
However, his year in Greece was marred by hefty fines and a lengthy suspension, for questioning the tactics of Alberto Bigon.
His new club reached the final of the 2000–01 UEFA Champions League, lost after a penalty shootout against FC Bayern Munich where he had his attempt saved by Oliver Kahn.
Additionally, in October 2000, he was not picked up for a game at his former club for fear of reprisals from its supporters.
He was an important first-team member in his first three seasons, but lost his importance when manager Giovanni Trapattoni arrived at the club, a situation which was aggravated in January 2005 with the purchase of Nuno Assis.
The national team qualified for UEFA Euro 2000 in Belgium and the Netherlands, with the player scoring nine goals in 15 games.
In the finals he continued to excel, netting three of the side's four goals in an eventual group stage exit where his performances earned him comparisons to David Beckham.
However, after being replaced by manager Srečko Katanec in the 63rd minute of the first group match against Spain (1–3 loss), Zahovič insulted the coach, who immediately sent him home following the match.
He made his last appearance on 28 April 2004 against Switzerland, and totalled 80 caps and 35 goals (at the time both records), which made him the most successful Slovenian footballer since the country's independence in 1991, and the inception of its football association into FIFA the following year; his international appearances total was surpassed by Boštjan Cesar on 15 November 2014.
Immediately after his retirement from professional football, in June 2005 at the age of 34, according to his statement in the Pozareport.si interview, Zahovič was offered a head coach position of the Benfica juniors, but opted for a return to his homeland where, in 2007, he became director of football at NK Maribor.
When Luka scored a late equaliser in a Champions League group stage match between Maribor and Sporting CP, on 17 September 2014, the two became only the second father and son pair – first among Europeans – to have both scored in the competition since 1992 when the competition was established in its current format.
The Pacific swallow builds a neat cup-shaped nest, constructed with mud pellets collected in the beak, under a cliff ledge or on a man-made structures such as a building, bridge or tunnel.
The hill swallow builds a neat cup-shaped nest, constructed with mud pellets collected in the beak, under a cliff ledge or on a man-made structures such as a building, bridge or tunnel.
Detailed studies on the breeding ecology of the species was conducted in Silent Valley National Park and Muthikkulam reserve forests of Kerala.
Pretzel Logic is the third studio album by the American rock band Steely Dan, released on February 20, 1974, by ABC Records.
It was written by principal band members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen, and recorded at The Village Recorder in West Los Angeles with producer Gary Katz.
It was the final album to feature the full five-member band of Becker, Fagen, Denny Dias, Jeff Baxter, and Jim Hodder, and also featured significant contributions from many prominent Los Angeles-based studio musicians.
It was produced by Gary Katz and written primarily by Walter Becker and bandleader Donald Fagen, who also sang and played keyboard.
The cover photo featuring a New York pretzel vendor was taken by Raeanne Rubenstein, a photographer of musicians and Hollywood celebrities.
In a long career spanning decades, his repertoire included popular songs such as 'Chalo ek baar phir se Ajnabi ban jayen hum dono' (Gumrah) and 'Neele gagan ke tale' (Hamraaz).
He lent his voice to actor Manoj Kumar in most of his films and had a lengthy association with director-producer B.R.
At an early age he was inspired by legendary singer Mohammed Rafi and considered him his mentor, he started learning classical music under classical singers like Pt.
Manoj Kumar, one of the lead stars refused to use Talat's voice for him and the song was re-recorded with Kapoor replacing Talat.
Kapoor sung in a large number of Indian languages, and is the playback singer who has performed in the largest number of in Gujarati, Punjabi, Bhojpuri and Marathi movies.
In spite of being associated with Dada Kondke's colloquial style his singing for Marathi movies was not limited to Dada Kondke's movies only.
Mahendra Kapoor is one of the golden era singers when Mohd Rafi, Kishore Kumar, Mukesh and Manna Dey were ruling the main platform of playback singers of Bollywood.
He remained as one of the most popular singers in Bollywood who has given his voice to almost all of the popular heroes like Dilip Kumar, Shammi Kapoor, Raj Kapoor, Dev Anand, Shashi Kapoor, Biswajeet, Raj Kumar, Dharmendra, Amitabh Bahchcan, Manoj Kumar, Jeetendra, Vinod Khanna, Shatrughina Sinha and many more.
The first physician to the spa was appointed in 1833 by the Serbian ruling prince Miloš Obrenović, only 20 days after the town was liberated from the Ottomans.
It was a surgeon Georgije Đorđe Novaković, originally Leopold Ehrlich, a Jew from Galicia, who switched to Serbian Orthodox Church after moving to Serbia.
In 1834, Prince Miloš ordered for the mineral waters from Sokobanja to be sent to Vienna, Austria, for testing which confirmed the positive healing effect of the water.
On 21 June 1837, Prince Miloš signed an order for a sergeant major Lazarević from the Military-police office in Kragujevac to be sent to Sokobanja for a healing treatment.
Prince personally visited spa a lot and built several other objects, like the Prince Miloš Fountain, on the road to Aleksinac, Miloš' Konak in downtown Sokobanja, today a restaurant, and Miloš' bathtub in the hamam.
The prince's bathtub, which still in use today just as the entire hamam complex, is short but deep, has its own tap and is placed in a separate room.
Apart from Nušić, it was visited by Jovan Cvijić, Isidora Sekulić, Stevan Sremac and Meša Selimović, while the Nobelist author Ivo Andrić draw a graphic of the town.
The world will rush in and I will have to run away from here and try to find a new spa.
The illnesses which are being treated in the spa include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, respiratory infections, allergies in children, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism, neurological and gynecological illnesses, physical and psychic exhaustion, etc.
The fortress was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1982, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.
It was founded in the 6th century during the reign of Emperor Justinian I, to prevent incursions of Pannonian Avars and Slavs into the Balkan peninsula.
The fort was rebuilt and expanded in the late 13th and early 14th centuries on the foundations of the Roman fort.
The town was destroyed in 1413 by the Ottomans during the 1402–13 civil war, in the battle between Musa Çelebi and the local Turkish chieftain Hamuz Beg.
It was also originally a Roman fortress built during the rule of Emperor Justinian I and was also destroyed in 1413.
The villagers began to revitalize the objects, with the help of the village diaspora from the United States, Switzerland and Italy.
Other attractions include swimming in the Moravica river and the Lake Bovan, which is especially popular among fishermen, galleries, museums, various concerts and festivities, hiking, wellness centers, hotels, aqua park, saunas, etc.
Hiking is organized on the Ozren, Rtanj, Devica, and Bukovik mountains, while the popular excursion sites are the Sesalac cave, Očno, Kalinovica and Lepterija, known for the natural phenomenon, an apparent image of the Mother of God in the boulder.
In the neighborhood of Gradašnica, on the river of the same name, there were 13 watermills, built from the early 19th century.
One of them has been renovated and became operational again, but only for the touristic purposes so that visitors can grind the cereals and knead dough themselves.
Special hospitals for lung diseases (Hospital for non-specific lung diseases, founded in 1978) and ophthalmology are situated on Ozren mountain, surrounded by the forest.
Closer to Sokobanja, on the Ozren mountain, there is a Jermenčić Monastery, founded in the 14th century by the Armenians who were fleeing the invading Ottomans.
According to 2011 census of population, there were 16,021 inhabitants in the municipality and 7,982 in the town and municipal seat.
Gérard Philipe (4 December 1922 – 25 November 1959) was a prominent French actor who appeared in 34 films between 1944 and 1959.
Active in both theater and cinema, he was, until his untimely death, one of the main stars of the post-war period.
Born Gérard Albert Philip in Cannes in a well-off family, he was of one quarter Czech ancestry from his maternal grandmother.
He died from liver cancer while working on a film project in Paris, a few days short of his 37th birthday.
In accordance with his last wishes, he is buried, dressed in the costume of Don Rodrigue (The Cid), in the village cemetery in Ramatuelle, Var near the Mediterranean Sea coast.
To commemorate the centenary of the cinema in 1995, the French government issued a series of limited edition coins that included a 100 franc coin bearing the image of Philipe.
Among the most popular French actors of modern times, he has been elevated to mythic status in his homeland, not least because of his early death at the peak of his popularity.
There is a film festival named in his honour as well as a number of theatres and schools (such as the College Gérard Philipe - Cogolin) in various parts of France.
In Germany he has been scarcely less respected than in his native country; a cultural centre is named after him in Berlin.
Tolmin is situated on the southern rim of the Julian Alps, the largest settlement in the Upper Soča Valley (), close to the border with Italy.
The area is located in the historic Goriška region, itself part of the larger Slovene Littoral, about north of Nova Gorica and west of the Slovene capital Ljubljana.
In the north, the road leads further up the Soča River to Bovec, with an eastern branch-off to Škofja Loka and Idrija.
It was ruled successively by the Roman Empire, Odoacer, the Ostrogoths, the Eastern Roman Empire and part of the Lombard Duchy of Friuli until it was conquered by the Frankish king Charlemagne in 774 and replaced by the Carolingian March of Friuli.
Ancestors of Slovenes had come to this area during the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps from about 600 onwards, embattled by Avar raids.
It was passed to Middle Francia in 843 after the Treaty of Verdun and in 952 passed to the vast March of Verona, which was initially ruled by the Dukes of Bavaria, from 976 by the Carinthian dukes.
King Henry IV of Germany ceded it to the newly established Patria del Friuli in 1077, before it was occupied by the Republic of Venice in 1420.
Finally the Tolmin area was conquered by the Habsburg Emperor Maximilian I during the War of the League of Cambrai in 1509.
Tolmin was then ruled with the possessions of the extinct Counts of Gorizia as part of the Inner Austrian territories of the Habsburg Monarchy.
It was part of the Illyrian Provinces, which were part of Napoleonic French Empire between 1809 and 1814 before returning to Austrian rule.
After the Italian caputilation, it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1943 and was part of Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral before liberation by Yugoslav partisans.
The most significant relic of the time is the Javorca Church, dedicated to the Holy Spirit built above the Polog shepherds outpost in the Tolminka Valley by Austro-Hungarian soldiers to commemorate their deceased comrades.
The museum, library, schools, and the town’s open spaces provide venues for a variety of events, exhibitions, and presentations all year round.
She developed an interest in performing from a young age and enrolled into jazz dancing classes where she would eventually also assist teaching younger students.
During this three-year stint, Wood had her first experience of recording for an album and performing solo in front of large crowds, her biggest being the opening of the Sydney Harbour Tunnel where she performed in front of over 20,000 people.
They performed a wide range of songs including Tracy Chapman, Pearl Jam, Shania Twain, Alanis Morissette, 80's rock and more and Wood recorded original songs with the band.
However, after original member Chantelle Barry was forced out of the group in controversial circumstances, Wood was selected to replace her as the fifth member of the band, now known as Bardot.
At the girl's final public concert, performed live at Channel [V], Wood broke into tears, sad at the realisation that it was all coming to an end.
Later in interviews, she stated that she and former bandmate Belinda Chapple were the two members keen to continue as a group.
Like former Bardot bandmate Sophie Monk, Wood signed a solo recording contract with Warner Music and changed her name from Tiffany Wood to Tiffani Wood in order to avoid confusion with the 1980s American popstar Tiffany.
The track debuted at No.27 on the ARIA singles chart on 22 March 2004 and was one of the most-played songs on Australian radio in that month.
Wood insisted that the second single be a self-penned track but Warner Music already planned on releasing someone else's song as the next single.
After failing to reach a compromise, Wood made the decision to leave behind her recording contract for the option of artistic freedom and ultimate career control.
In 2005, after leaving Warner Music, Wood decided to release her material independently and established her own record label Mudhoney Records.
The tongue-in-cheek lyrics, written by Wood and Richie Goncalves (who produced the song) took a stab at the music industry and how major record labels take advantage of their younger artists in order to make them 'marketable'.
The single debuted at No.13 on the Association of Independent Records Labels (AIR) chart and spent numerous weeks in the top 20.
In 2006, she put together a burlesque-styled show, drawing inspiration from the 1940s and Dita Von Teese for her latest look and style of performance.
In December 2005, Wood publicly announced her engagement to UK born bouncer Neil Cummins, and the couple married on 28 January 2007.
Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.
If a small quantity of sushi is ordered, it is placed on the conveyor belt but marked so other customers know that this dish was ordered by someone.
Some restaurants in Japan also have touch screen displays for ordering specific dishes which might be delivered on a separate conveyor belt or by waiters.
Condiments and tools are usually found near the seats, for example pickled ginger, chopsticks, soy sauce, and small dishes for the soy sauce.
Self-served tea and ice water is usually complimentary, with cups stacked on a shelf above the conveyor belt and teabags or green tea powder in a storage container on the table.
Expensive items may be placed on two plates, with the price being the sum of the prices of the individual plates.
Some conveyor belt sushi restaurant chains, such as Kappa Sushi or Otaru Zushi, have a fixed price of 100 yen for every plate.
Some restaurants have a counting machine where the customer drops the plates to be counted automatically, or they use RFID tagged plates and just count each stack at once with a special reader.
The chain actually runs on its side (on its link plates), with the crescent plate attached to the other side plate by means of a snap pin.
This gives the chain a very small bending radius and allows the conveyor to make the tight corners found in most conveyor belt sushi restaurants.
Further, the horizontal layout means that there is no return side of the chain, which not only eliminates chain sag and sliding with the roller, but allows for a much shallower design.
Major chain companies can offer different pin materials (stainless steel being common), plate shapes, surface treatments, and so on depending on the individual application.
Innovations in sushi conveyors include chainless designs for quieter operation and design/layout freedom, multi-tiered conveyors to allow for more sushi to be displayed in limited spaces, and high speed lanes for custom orders.
Conveyor belt sushi was invented by Yoshiaki Shiraishi (1914–2001), who had problems staffing his small sushi restaurant and had difficulties managing the restaurant by himself.
He got the idea of a conveyor belt sushi after watching beer bottles on a conveyor belt in an Asahi brewery.
Initially in a conveyor belt sushi restaurant, all customers were seated to face the conveyor belt, but this was not popular with groups.
Subsequently, tables were added at right angles to the conveyor belt, allowing up to six people to sit at one table.
A conveyor belt sushi boom started in 1970 after a conveyor belt sushi restaurant served sushi at the Osaka World Expo.
Another boom started in 1980, when eating out became more popular, and finally in the late 1990s, when inexpensive restaurants became popular after the burst of the economic bubble.
A new variant of conveyor belt sushi has a touch screen monitor at every table, showing a virtual aquarium with many fish.
The customer can order the sushi by touching the type of fish, which is then brought to the table by conveyor belt.
The Lotus Esprit is a sports car that was built by Lotus Cars at their Hethel factory in the United Kingdom between 1976 and 2004.
The second, Project M70, meant to develop a successor to the Europa which, like the Europa, was to be a two-door fixed-head mid-engined coupé.
A meeting between Colin Chapman and Giugiaro was arranged in 1971 by designer Oliver Winterbottom, who also suggested that Giugiaro use his Maserati Boomerang concept as the inspiration for the new Lotus.
According to Italdesign, Chapman was disappointed with the wind-tunnel test results with the model and halted the project, but the Italian coach-builder pressed on and built a full-size mock-up on a stretched, modified Europa chassis.
The Esprit was launched in October 1975 at the Paris Motor Show and entered production in June 1976, replacing the Europa in the Lotus model lineup.
The engine was mounted longitudinally behind the passengers and drove the rear wheels through a Citroën C35 5-speed manual transaxle also used in the SM and Maserati Merak.
While the S1 Esprit was lauded for its handling and was said to have the best steering of any Esprit, it was generally regarded as being under-powered, especially in markets such as the United States where the engine was stifled by emission controls.
Lotus' claim of acceleration from in 6.8 seconds and a top speed of may have been optimistic, as actual road tests revealed a 0-60 mph acceleration time of 8 seconds and a top speed of about .
The S1 Esprit was distinguished from later Esprits by its shovel-style front air dam, Fiat X1/9-sourced taillights, absence of body-side ducting, and Wolfrace alloy wheels.
External changes included intake and cooling ducts added behind the rear quarter windows, taillights from the Rover SD1, and an integrated front spoiler.
Other changes included relocating the battery from above the right side fuel tank under the rear quarter window to the rear of the car, adding an access door to the engine cover, installing wider seats and replacing the Veglia instrument cluster with individual gauges made by Smiths and a new style of illuminated dashboard switches.
Wearing the black and gold livery of John Player & Sons (JPS), Lotus' F1 sponsor at the time, these cars were known as the Commemorative Edition Esprits.
The S2.2 was a stop-gap model introduced in May 1980 whose only major difference from the S2 was, as indicated in its model name, having a 2.2 L type 912 engine.
This special edition model wore the blue, red and chrome livery of the Essex Overseas Petroleum Corporation, the sponsor of Team Lotus from 1979 to 1981.
While Lotus dealer Bell and Colvill had been offering turbo conversions for the S2 Esprit from as early as 1978, the Essex Turbo Esprit was the first factory turbocharged Esprit.
The Essex Turbo Esprit received the dry sump type 910 engine which has a power output of at 6,250 rpm and of torque at 4,500 rpm.
The chassis and rear suspension were redesigned, with an upper link added at the rear to alleviate strain on the half-shafts.
Giugiaro designed an aerodynamic body kit for the car, with a rear lip spoiler, prominent louvered rear hatch, more substantial bumpers, a deeper front airdam, and air ducts in the sills just ahead of the new three-piece 15 inch Compomotive rear wheels.
45 Essex Turbo Esprit cars were built, interspersed and followed by a number of non-Essex-liveried but otherwise identical specification dry sump turbo cars.
By the end of 1980, Lotus was building three different models of Esprit with distinct chassis designs and body moulds - the domestic (i.e.
Interior trim was revised which, when combined with changes to the body moulds, resulted in more headroom and an enlarged foot-well.
The Turbo Esprit retained the aerodynamic body kit of the Essex cars and featured prominent 'turbo esprit' decals on the nose and sides.
The S3 gained the new larger bumpers but kept the simpler sill line and glazed rear hatch of the S2.2 body.
One interesting omission was that the Esprit S3 had no cigarette lighter as standard equipment; ashtrays are tucked away in the door sills.
The X180 cars inherited most of their mechanical components from the earlier HC Esprit and Turbo Esprit, although the name for the forced induction model was now Esprit Turbo.
1988 model year North American Esprit Turbo models kept the Citroën transaxle and Bosch fuel injection system used in the previous model year.
Power output of the Type 910 turbocharged engine was unchanged, but 0–97 km/h acceleration times decreased from 5.6 seconds to between 5.4 and 5.1 seconds.
The 910S engine went into the new Special Equipment (SE) model, which also received changes to the body, with side skirts parallel to the body, five air ducts in the front air dam, wing mirrors from the Citroën CX and the addition of a rear wing.
Lotus also produced the rarely seen Esprit S, a mid-range turbocharged variant offering fewer appointments and having a power output of , as well as the standard Turbocharged engine having a power output of included as an option.
Equipped with an intercooled and turbocharged version of the 900-series engine that had a power output of at 6,250 rpm, this model appeared in December 1991.
The brakes were by AP Racing, and the car's Delco/Moraine ABS system was the first anti-lock braking system ever used on an Esprit.
The Chargecooled Type 910S engine had a revised engine management system with larger fuel injectors and now had a power output of .
In the first season the car was able to claim six pole positions, win four races and post two one-two finishes.
Three more race cars were built for the 1991 season to be run by Lotus Sport alongside the two upgraded 105s in the American IMSA Bridgestone Supercar Championship.
They had a reinforced chassis with a revised roll cage and larger wheels and tyres but weighed less than the Type 105.
The engine was modified with larger fuel injectors, a better Chargecooler and the removal of the catalytic converter which caused the output to rise to .
In 1991 driver/actor Robert Carradine placed second in the series and in 1992, Bundy won three races and took the driver's title.
In 1993, the sanctioning body changed the rules such that the X180R was assessed a weight penalty, which made the cars uncompetitive.
The Sport 300 utilised a Garret T4 turbocharger along with an improved Chargecooler and larger inlet valves enabling the engine to have a power output of at 6,400 rpm and of torque at 4,400 rpm.
Exterior changes included a smaller rear spoiler placed halfway up the rear deck-lid, revised front and rear bumpers, side skirts and valence panels.
The engine was still a 2.2 L 910-series, but with performance-enhancing modifications that included enlarged inlet ports, cylinder head modifications, a re-calibrated ECM and a revised turbocharger.
The last iteration of the four-cylinder Esprit was the GT3, a turbocharged, Chargecooled variant with the 2.0 L Type 920 which had previously been used only in Italian market cars.
The engine is an all-aluminium 90° DOHC 4 valves per cylinder with a flat-plane crankshaft and two Garrett AiResearch T25/60 turbochargers but no Chargecooler.
The transaxle used was the same Renault unit as before but upgraded by Lotus racing driver Derek Bell with a much thicker single piece input shaft.
Among the visual changes was a large carbon fibre rear wing on aluminium uprights in place of the standard fibreglass rear wing.
Having raced the Esprit in GT2 and GT3 classes, Lotus began to develop a new version of the car to race in GT1 class racing.
Development of the car was entrusted to the newly formed Lotus GT1 Engineering group, which included many staff from the recently dissolved Team Lotus.
The Esprit GT1 was built on the Type 114 platform using the body from the new S4 road-going Esprit made from composite materials and carbon fibre.
Power came from a Type 918 V8 engine with a single Garrett T4 turbocharger that had a power output of .
The front suspension was now upper and lower A-arms, while at the rear were upper and lower lateral links paired with upper and lower trailing links.
The braking system used AP Racing carbon ceramic discs and calipers, and Penske triple-adjustable gas-pressurised shock absorbers were used at all four wheels.
Carr, who had contributed to the S4 update, revised the car with changes that included incorporating the same round taillights as the Lotus Elise S2.
PBB Design built three cars before the moulds were sold to Mark Irwin's Esprit Developments, who updated the design and marketed it along with a Rover V8 conversion.
As part of a five-car announcement at the 2010 Paris Motor Show, Lotus unveiled a completely redesigned Esprit, with production slated to start in late 2013 and sales in the spring of 2014.
The car was unveiled during Donato Coco's tenure as design chief and was to have featured a futuristic front-end with LED front daytime running lights and a centre-mounted dual exhaust system in the rear.
The interior was to have a futuristic but minimal design which included a digital instrument cluster, a sport steering wheel and carbon fibre trim scattered throughout the cabin.
Lotus had decided to continue making lightweight cars and nimble cars instead of heavier and more expensive cars due to the company's financial position at the time.
Esprits built before 1993 used many British Leyland parts and those built in the mid-to-late 1980s incorporated more Toyota parts while those built after 1993 had many GM (Vauxhall, Opel) parts.
Door handles from the Morris Marina/Austin Allegro were used until the S4 model in 1994 when GM Calibra door handles were used.
The alternator on the V8 models was a standard GM unit also found in the V6 Opel Omega B and the earlier Lotus Carlton/Omega, which also provided interior plastic fittings such as door handles and steering column covering.
The GT3's Brembo front brake pads were the same as on a Fiat Coupé Turbo or a Peugeot 406 3.0 V6.
An indirect branch (also known as a computed jump, indirect jump and register-indirect jump) is a type of program control instruction present in some machine language instruction sets.
Rather than specifying the address of the next instruction to execute, as in a direct branch, the argument specifies where the address is located.
An example is 'jump indirect on the r1 register', which means that the next instruction to be executed is at the address in register r1.
For instance, based on program input, a value could be looked up in a jump table of pointers to code for handling the various cases implied by the data value.
An indirect jump could then be made based on the value of that register, efficiently dispatching program control to the code appropriate to the input.
In a similar manner, subroutine call instructions can be indirect, with the address of the subroutine to be called specified in memory.
Since 1956 it has supported millions of parents through birth and early parenthood whilst also securing major advances in professional practice and public policy.
It is a movement of parents supporting parents, with 327 local branches and over 5,000 volunteers offering a wide range of activities.
These include Bumps and Babies drop-in sessions, Nearly New Sales selling low-cost baby clothes and equipment, and Baby First Aid courses.
Briance suffered two traumatic childbirth experiences and set about changing the situation for other women, so that they should be more humanely treated during pregnancy and labour.
Briance was inspired by the writings of British obstetrician Grantly Dick-Read, who is regarded by many as the father of natural childbirth, and became the first president of the NCT.
The charity provides free antenatal and postnatal support and information through its nationwide network of over 300 local branches, run by volunteers.
Many of these groups are informal drop-ins, such as ‘Bumps and Babies’ groups, where parents usually pay a small fee to cover the costs of tea and coffee.
Baby Cafés, NCT’s free feeding drop-ins primarily based in deprived areas, were used by almost 8,000 women in the UK last year (2017), providing information and support about feeding.
For example, maternity champions on the Mozart Estate in London’s Queens Park; ‘Parents in Mind’ peer support projects to help mums with poor mental health; and a project in Leeds for refugee and asylum-seeking women.
Now situated in Cahir town centre, County Tipperary, the castle is well preserved and has guided tour and audiovisual shows in multiple languages.
The castle was built in two parts, with the side now by the street being built 200 years before the side now housing the audio-visual show.
Granted to the powerful Butler family in late 14th century, the castle was enlarged and remodelled between the 15th and 17th centuries.
His son James, the second Earl (by his second marriage) passed the lands around the barony of Iffa and Offa West to his children, though they were not themselves noble.
In 1599 the castle was captured after a three-day siege by the army of the Earl of Essex and was for a year put under the charge of Sir Charles Blount.
Lord Cahir joined with the Earl of Tyrone in 1601 and was attainted for treason, but later obtained a full pardon.
In 1627 the castle was the scene of a celebrated killing when Cahir's son-in-law, Lord Dunboyne, murdered his distant cousin, James Prendergast, in a dispute over an inheritance: he was tried for the killing but acquitted.
In 1647 George Mathew, the guardian of the young Lord Cahir, surrendered to Murrough O'Brien, 6th Baron Inchiquin (later 1st Earl, and a descendant of Cahir's builder) following his victory at the Battle of Knocknanauss.
In the late 20th century the castle was named a National Monument, and is now managed by the Office of Public Works, who maintain the castle and operate tours.
Its history dates from before the 8th century BC and it has substantial structures from the Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval periods.
The site is believed to have been continuously inhabited as a city since at least the end of the 8th century BC.
With the decline of the episcopate and the discovery of local alum deposits, Volterra became a place of interest of the Republic of Florence, whose forces conquered Volterra.
When the Republic of Florence fell in 1530, Volterra came under the control of the Medici family and later followed the history of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
All three major naval powers sought to circumvent the limitations on heavy cruiser numbers by building light cruisers that were equal in size and effective power to heavy cruisers.
All of these ships carried BL 6-inch Mk XXIII guns in triple turrets, with the centre gun mounted behind the two outer guns to prevent interference between the shells in flight and to give the gunners more room to work in.
The turret roofs had cutouts at the front to allow extreme elevation, originally intended to give the guns an anti-aircraft capability.
In practice the guns could not be trained or manually loaded quickly enough for continuous anti-aircraft fire, so the Royal Navy designed the Auto Barrage Unit (ABU) which allowed the guns to be loaded with time-fuzed shells and then fired when the target aircraft reached a set range.
These ships were equipped with the HACS AA fire control system for the secondary armament and the Admiralty Fire Control Table for surface fire control of the main armament.
However, in response to new, heavily armed small cruisers of the United States and Japanese es, the last two planned ships, and , were cancelled and re-ordered as a new, much larger cruiser type, with the new ships named as and .
Based on the initial design chosen in November 1933, the estimated cost of the new ships was £2.1m each compared to an estimated cost of £1.6m each for a Leander-class cruiser.
The extra weight is balanced with extra beam, increased from 64.02ft in the Southampton to 64.10ft in the three Gloucester ships and more propulsion power with 82,000 shp engines to maintain speed and add more electrical generation.
All were heavily modified during the Second World War and after the Korean War; , and had one aft turret replaced by two quad 40 mm Bofors guns during the Second World War, since there was insufficient space to fit the needed extra anti-aircraft guns and retain the turret.
The class saw much service during the Second World War and took part in many famous actions, such as the sinking of the .
One ship of the Town-class — — remains, moored on the River Thames in London as a museum-ship of the Imperial War Museum, a role she has performed since 1971.
Boryslav (, ) is a city located on the (a tributary of the Dniester), in Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine.
There are remnants of a pagan shrine from the 1st millennium BC located in the area, where approximately 270 petroglyphs are found, mostly depicting solar signs – symbols of a pre-Christian Solar deity.
With the collapse of the latter, in the 14th century Boryslav became a part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
It was first mentioned in a document from 19 March 1387, listing all personal belongings of Queen regnant Jadwiga of Poland.
Since that time, Borysław, as it was then called, was a small town related to the nearby metropolis of Lwów (currently Lviv, Ukraine) and mostly shared its fate.
In 1772, during the Partitions of Poland, it was annexed by Austria and became a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.
One of the great technological developments of the 19th century was the discovery by pharmacist Johan (Jan) Zeh () (1817–1897, in nearby Lviv) of technology that led to the establishment of a new industry based on petroleum.
Their discoveries marked the beginnings of the rapid search for petroleum in the Carpathians — especially in the eastern sector of the mountain chain where rich oil deposits were discovered.
In the second half of 1853, following the research of Jan Zeh, and several other scientists working in the nearby city of Lemberg (the then official name of Lviv), the town and its surroundings saw the emergence of an oil industry.
Also the ozokerite, a natural mineral wax, mined in Borysław, was used for insulation of the first trans-Atlantic telegraphic cable line.
In 1909, more than 1,920,000 tonnes of oil were produced in the region — roughly 5% of the world's oil production at that time making the region the third biggest producer of oil after the US and the Russian Empire in the world.
Together with the nearby settlement of Tustanowice (Tustanovychi, now part of Boryslav), Boryslaw produced in 1925 about 80% of Polish oil (812,000 tons).
After the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, the town was annexed by the Soviet Union under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
In 1941, the city fell under German control upon the advances of the German army to the east at the start of Soviet–German hostilities.
The first anti-Jewish actions began at the end of November 1941, when around 1,500 Jews, the majority of whom were deemed weak and unable to work, were shot by the German security police in the forest near the town of Truskavets.
From the end of July till the beginning of November 1942, about 8,500 Jews from Boryslav and neighboring villages, like Pidbuzh and Skhidnytsya, were sent to the Janowska concentration camp or Belzec.
During the second aktion in February, 1943, 600 Jews were shot by members of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police, German police, and the Schupo.
The isolated executions of Jews took place all the time from May till June 1943 until the total liquidation of the Boryslav ghetto at the end of June 1943.
150+ bands and artists from various backgrounds (gothic rock, gothic metal, EBM, industrial, noise, darkwave, neo-folk, neo-classical, medieval, experimental, deathrock and punk music being examples) play at several venues throughout the city over four days on Whitsuntide.
The festival also features multiple all-night dance club parties, several fairs with medieval, gothic, and related merchandise, a variety of cultural exhibitions and performances, large themed picnics, and a number of unofficial fringe events.
With 18,000 to 20,000 regular attendants, the WGT is one of the largest events of the gothic, cybergoth, steampunk, and rivethead subcultures worldwide.
However, as the laws of the German Democratic Republic made this kind of event illegal, only a few hundred visitors attended.
The largest installment of the WGT was the one in the year 2000 with over 300 acts and an estimated 25,000 visitors.
After all festival security guards, most bands and much of the technical staff had left, volunteer helpers and several bands who played for free staged a final concert.
A limited number of free tickets are also available for those officially participating in the festival to attend opera performances, classical music concerts, theatre, and ballet.
Many museums in Leipzig such as the Egyptian Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts, and the Grassi Museums offer free admission or special guided tours for paid festival attendees.
In addition, there are Renaissance fairs, Viking and Pagan markets, themed picnics, Gothic Romance events, CD/DVD and film premieres, literary readings, lectures and discussions, artist signing events, brunches celebrating absinthe, and fetishistic events.
Later in the evenings there are many late-night danceclubs every night, with top-name dark music DJs, at venues such as Darkflower and Moritzbastei, as well as a dance area within the main venue itself.
When validating their festival ticket, participants receive a wrist band which gives them entry to the event venues and entitles them to free usage of the city's public transportation, such as bus, tram, and local train, for the length of the festival.
One of the two largest halls at the Agra is for the headline concerts, the other is for the main shopping market, and a third hall at the Agra houses a bistro area and a dance forum with many well-known DJs.
The dozen-or-more additional venues for the WGT concerts and activities are as varied as the events, from the stately to the somber Krypta of the Völkerschlachtdenkmal to the Parkbühne under the trees.
Festival participants typically stay either in designated camping areas on the Agra grounds near the main venue or in the hotels and hostels in and around Leipzig.
This is on the Sunday seven weeks after Easter and can range from as early as May 10 to as late as June 13 .
Unofficial events start in Leipzig on the Thursday night preceding the date of , with activities such as a social gathering for English-speaking attendees and multiple dance club nights with DJs in the Agra's bistro area as well as at local venues like Darkflower, Moritzbastei, and others.
The official festival starts on Friday, and as Monday is a public holiday in Germany the events run until the end of the all-night farewell club parties in the early morning on Tuesday.
In club football, he played 635 league games, scoring a total of 138 goals, playing 21 of 25 career seasons in either the English or Scottish top-flight.
In international football Strachan earned 50 caps, scoring five goals and playing in two FIFA World Cup final tournaments, Spain 82 and Mexico 86.
A right-sided midfielder, Strachan made his senior debut in 1974 with Dundee before moving on within Scotland, to spend seven seasons at Aberdeen.
While at Aberdeen Strachan won multiple domestic league and cup honours in the early 1980s, as well as the 1982–83 European Cup Winners' Cup and 1983 European Super Cup.
He spending the next seven seasons as club captain at Leeds, winning the 1989–90 Second Division and 1991–92 First Division league titles.
After five years as Coventry manager, he was sacked in 2001 after the club was relegated from the top-flight for the first time in 34 years.
He returned to Scotland to become manager of Celtic, where he achieved three successive league titles and other domestic cup wins.
He then became manager of Middlesbrough in the English Championship, but left the club after an unsuccessful 12 months in the job.
He was offered a contract by Hibernian manager Eddie Turnbull, but his father decided against the offer after stating the club did not pay sufficient expenses for footwear.
In joining the club, he rejected an approach from Manchester United, reasoning he had a better chance to establish himself in the first team at Dens Park.
His natural talent was immediately apparent and he quickly earned a reputation as an outstanding player in the second team, twice winning the Scottish Reserve Player of the Year Award.
Strachan became a regular player in the 1975–76 season, the inaugural season of the Scottish Premier Division, featuring in 17 of the club's 36 league matches.
New boss Tommy Gemmell handed 19-year-old Strachan the captaincy for the 1976–77 First Division campaign, and he remains the youngest player to have captained Dundee.
Strachan played at Hampden Park in the 1979 League Cup defeat to Rangers, and set up Duncan Davidson for the game's opening goal.
Though the 1978–79 campaign was a disappointment, Aberdeen went on to win the league title in 1979–80 after closing a ten-point deficit over Celtic with a late run that included two victories at Celtic Park.
After gaining assurance Alex McLeish would also stay with the club, Strachan signed a new contract to keep him at Pittodrie until 1984.
With fit-again Strachan on the right flank – supported by full-back Stuart Kennedy – and record signing Peter Weir on the left-flank, Aberdeen mounted a genuine title challenge in 1981–82, but had to settle for second place to Celtic.
They did though lift the Scottish Cup with a 4–1 extra-time victory over Rangers, with Strachan contributing one assist and one goal.
The 1982–83 campaign was the greatest in the history of the club, and Strachan made his mark early on with four goals in a 5–1 victory at former club Dundee in the League Cup.
Despite only finishing third in the league (albeit only one point behind champions and New Firm rivals Dundee United) and exiting the League Cup in the quarter-finals, Aberdeen won the Scottish Cup and the European Cup Winners' Cup.
FC Köln, United paid £75,000 compensation to resolve the row – teammate Mark McGhee had also signed a contract with Hamburger SV on the understanding that Strachan would also be playing in Germany.
He featured at Wembley Stadium in the 1985 FA Cup Final, as United ran out 1–0 winners over Everton; his lung-bursting run off-the-ball helped Norman Whiteside to find the space for his extra-time winner.
After winning their opening ten league matches of the 1985–86 season, United had to cope without Strachan, who was sidelined for much of the season with injury.
They proved unable to cope with their injuries – another key player facing extended time in the treatment room was Bryan Robson – and limped to another fourth-place finish.
In March 1989, Sheffield Wednesday manager Ron Atkinson had a bid of £200,000 accepted by Manchester United, and he offered Strachan a contract paying more money than anyone in the club's history.
However likely a move to Sheffield seemed, Leeds United manager Howard Wilkinson matched the offer and convinced Strachan to drop down into the Second Division.
He formed an unlikely midfield partnership with hard-man Vinnie Jones and led the club to the Second Division title in 1989–90.
Strachan was voted FWA Footballer of the Year for his performances during the campaign, becoming the first player to win the award both in Scotland and in England.
However, Strachan (now nearing age 35) was beginning to feel the effects of his sciatica and missed a number of matches due to his bad back.
However, Leeds were unable to build on their success, and finished the 1992–93 season down in 17th place in what was newly re-branded as the Premier League.
This was his second hat-trick for Leeds, the first having come in September 1989 when he found the net three times in a 4–0 win over promotion rivals Swindon Town in the Second Division at Elland Road.
He was rarely selected in the 1994–95 season, which would prove to be the end of his spell at Elland Road, where he had spent six years.
In March 1995, Strachan moved to Coventry City to work as assistant manager under new manager Ron Atkinson, the man who had brought him south of the border to Manchester United 11 years earlier.
The club struggled at the start of the 1996–97 campaign, and the club's board of directors asked Atkinson to step aside in November 1996, some months earlier than first agreed, and Strachan was appointed manager.
Strachan won his first cap for Scotland on 16 May 1980, in a British Home Championship defeat to Northern Ireland at Windsor Park.
Strachan helped Scotland qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup and scored a crucial goal in qualifying by scoring the only goal against Sweden at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm.
He did not feature in the 1982 British Home Championship, as Jock Stein wanted to rest him for the World Cup, held in Spain.
The Scots cruised to a 5–2 victory over New Zealand at La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga; Strachan was named Man of the Match.
In the third match, a 2–2 draw with the Soviet Union back in Málaga saw Scotland exit the tournament on goal difference.
However, shortly after the draw with Wales at Ninian Park on 10 September 1985, Jock Stein died of a heart attack, and his assistant Alex Ferguson took charge for the World Cup campaign.
The Scots faced a tough draw in Mexico and lost their opening match 1–0 at the Estadio Neza 86 in the Mexico City suburb of Nezahualcóyotl to the unseeded – but highly fancied – Denmark.
Strachan then scored in a 2–1 defeat to West Germany at the Estadio Corregidora in Queretaro; his goal celebration was memorable, as he tried to climb the advertising hoardings, but was thwarted by his short stature and so merely rested his leg on the hoarding before he was joined by his teammates.
In the third and final group match back in Nezahualcóyotl, Scotland drew 0–0 with Uruguay despite their opponents going down to ten men after less than a minute of play when José Batista attempted to take Strachan out of the game.
Strachan fell out of the first team picture under Andy Roxburgh, and was omitted from the squad for the 1990 World Cup.
Nevertheless, he enjoyed a national team revival between 1990 and 1992, and captained his country in qualification for UEFA Euro 1992.
However, he did not travel to Sweden as a member of the squad, as he announced his retirement due to long-term back troubles.
Strachan played in the win over Chelsea at Highfield Road at age 40, in what was at the time a record age for an outfield player in the Premier League.
Strachan signed Swedish goalkeeper Magnus Hedman and defender Roland Nilsson, Dutch midfielder George Boateng, and Romanian striker Viorel Moldovan – all of whom would win international caps.
After Miller left the club, Strachan replaced him with Garry Pendrey, who would go on to spend many years as his assistant at various clubs.
The club finished 15th in 1998–99 and 14th in 1999–2000, as Strachan spent £6 million on Irish striker Robbie Keane and £5 million on Moroccans Mustapha Hadji and Youssef Chippo, while selling Dion Dublin to Midlands rivals Aston Villa.
Strachan attempted to launch a promotion campaign by signing striker Lee Hughes, but in the face of increasing supporter unrest, he was sacked five matches into the 2001–02 First Division campaign.
Strachan returned to management within weeks, taking the manager's job at Premier League Southampton, who had sacked manager Stuart Gray after a terrible start to their first season at the new St Mary's Stadium.
Most pundits had already written off their survival chances by the time of Strachan's appointment in October 2001, but he turned round their fortunes and they finished 11th in the Premier League.
The Saints progressed further in 2002–03 when they finished eighth and reached the FA Cup Final, where they lost 1–0 to Arsenal.
In February 2004, Strachan announced his resignation as Southampton manager after his decision not to stay on at the club in the summer was leaked to the press.
He wanted to take a break from football, but was forced to resign earlier than initially intended due to the speculation surrounding his and the club's future following the leak.
After a 16-month break, Strachan returned to management on 1 June 2005, when he succeeded Martin O'Neill as manager of Celtic in the Scottish Premier League (SPL).
He had an embarrassing start to his campaign as Celtic manager, losing 5–0 to Slovakian champions Artmedia Bratislava on 27 July 2005 and three days later, drawing 4–4 with Motherwell in his first SPL match in charge of the Glasgow club.
A low-point was the shock defeat in the third round of the Scottish Cup to First Division Clyde on 8 January 2006.
However, the following month his team made history when they defeated Dunfermline Athletic 8–1, a record victory margin for the SPL at the time.
Strachan's first season was ultimately successful as he coached Celtic to victory in the League Cup and, on 5 April 2006, his side clinched the SPL title in record time and with six matches remaining.
The following year, Strachan restructured the team and made a series of signings, bringing in players such as Hibernian's Derek Riordan; Chelsea's Jiří Jarošík; Kenny Miller and Lee Naylor from Wolverhampton Wanderers; Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink from PSV; Thomas Gravesen from Real Madrid; and Paul Hartley and Steven Pressley from Hearts.
UEFA Champions League football again returned to Celtic Park, the team having automatically qualified for the group stages and drawn alongside Benfica, Copenhagen and Manchester United.
Home victories against all three Group F members saw the team progress to the round of 16 of the Champions League for the first time since the competition was re-formatted in 1993.
In the 2007–08 season, Strachan led Celtic into the round of 16 of the UEFA Champions League again after defeating Milan, Benfica and Shakhtar Donetsk.
However, by April, there was significant criticism from the press and the fans after a 1–0 loss to Aberdeen in the Scottish Cup quarter-final and a 1–0 loss to ten-man Motherwell in the SPL.
However, after defeating Rangers twice at home, on 22 May 2008 Strachan became only the third ever Celtic manager to guide the club to three consecutive Scottish league titles.
Despite winning the League Cup after extra time against Rangers, after failing to lead Celtic to another league title in the 2008–09 season, he resigned as manager on 25 May 2009.
His first match in charge was on 31 October, a 1–0 defeat to Plymouth Argyle, with Adam Johnson missing a penalty.
After a poor run of results, including a 3–0 loss at home to Blackpool and a 1–0 loss at home to Cardiff City, Strachan earned his first home win after his team beat Scunthorpe United 3–0.
After a poor start to the 2010–11 season meant Middlesbrough were down in 20th place, Strachan left the club by mutual consent on 18 October.
Scotland suffered defeats to Wales and Serbia in Strachan's first two competitive matches, which ended the Scots' slim chances of qualification for the 2014 World Cup.
In Euro 2016 qualifying, Scotland appeared to have a better chance of qualification as the finals tournament was expanded from 16 teams to 24, but were drawn in a tough group with Germany, Poland and the Republic of Ireland.
After losing their opening match in Germany, Scotland recorded home wins against Georgia, Ireland and Gibraltar, and away draws against Poland and Ireland.
Scotland came from behind to lead 2–1 in their match, but Ireland had scored the only goal of their match, leaving the Scots needing a win to stay alive.
Typically playing a traditional 4–4–2 formation, and very occasionally 4–5–1, Strachan is widely known for his rigorous management style, and states that he watches video replays of his club's matches two, sometimes three, times.
He also places great emphasis on player health and fitness, forbidding his players to drink alcohol excessively or regularly, and often giving dietary advice to his players, attributing his own longevity as a player to a strict and somewhat unusual diet involving seaweed.
In August 2006, after his Celtic team was drawn to play Ferguson's Manchester United in the Champions League, Strachan said that there was no longer any enmity between the two managers.
Following the release of convicted sex offender Adam Johnson from prison, Strachan had appeared to suggest that abusing Johnson for that offence was comparable with racial abuse.
For the 2006 World Cup, Strachan was appointed as the official FIFA Ambassador for Scotland, joining 50 others in fundraising for SOS Children's Villages, the official charity of the tournament.
In 1996, psychopathic career criminal Simon Phoenix kidnaps a number of hostages, and takes refuge with his gang in an abandoned building.
John Spartan uses a thermal scan of the building; finding no trace of the hostages, he leads an unauthorized assault to capture Phoenix.
Phoenix sets off a series of explosives that demolish the building, and the hostages’ corpses are found in the rubble; Phoenix claims Spartan knew about the hostages and attacked anyway.
She explains to Spartan that San Angeles—a metropolis that combines the former Los Angeles, San Diego, and Santa Barbara—is a peaceful utopia, and the police are no longer equipped to deal with violent crime.
To his confusion, Phoenix finds that he is unable to shoot Cocteau, who reveals that he had orchestrated Phoenix's escape all along.
To their shock, they find that Phoenix's rehabilitation program has been replaced with combat training programs and the information necessary for his escape.
Spartan meets with the Scraps in time to ward off an attack by Phoenix and other criminals who have been thawed out of cryo-sleep to help assassinate Friendly.
Phoenix taunts Spartan, revealing that he had killed the 1996 hostages before setting off the bomb, meaning Spartan has spent 36 years in prison for no reason.
Spartan enters the prison alone to fight Phoenix, heavily damaging the facility in the process; he uses the cryogenic chemical to freeze and kill Phoenix.
The police fear that the loss of Cocteau and the cryo-prison will end society as they know it, but Spartan suggests that they and the Scraps work together to combine the best aspects of order and personal freedom.
The film featured the actual demolition of one of the buildings of the famed, no longer operative Belknap Hardware and Manufacturing Company in Louisville, Kentucky.
The film mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger having served as President of the United States, after a Constitutional amendment was passed allowing him to run for the office due to his popularity.
In the novel, a terrorist and his enemy, a counter-terrorism soldier, are cryogenically frozen and awakened in the 22nd century to find violence has been purged from society.
He chose not to initiate a lawsuit, as it would have been too expensive for him to hire a lawyer and fight against major Hollywood forces in the United States.
He also claimed that Hollywood has plagiarized works of many Eastern European writers after the fall of the Iron Curtain, and that he knows the person he claims to be responsible for illegally selling his idea to the filmmakers.
The title theme is a heavier remix of the song originally recorded by Grace Jones and written by Sting during his time as frontman for The Police.
Warner Bros. released it on VHS in March 1994, on DVD in October 1997 and 2014, and on Blu-ray in August 2011.
The 3DO version is a multi-genre game that incorporates Full Motion Video scenes, with both Sylvester Stallone and Wesley Snipes reprising their roles as their characters in scenes that were filmed exclusively for the game.
To celebrate the film's 25th anniversary, Taco Bell recreated the 2032 San Angeles version of their restaurant at the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con.
Dennis Rodman had his hair dyed and styled the same way Snipes' Simon Phoenix had it before his San Antonio Spurs debut, starting Rodman dyeing his hair in different colors.
dd is a command-line utility for Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the primary purpose of which is to convert and copy files.
On Unix, device drivers for hardware (such as hard disk drives) and special device files (such as /dev/zero and /dev/random) appear in the file system just like normal files; can also read and/or write from/to these files, provided that function is implemented in their respective driver.
As a result, can be used for tasks such as backing up the boot sector of a hard drive, and obtaining a fixed amount of random data.
The program can also perform conversions on the data as it is copied, including byte order swapping and conversion to and from the ASCII and EBCDIC text encodings.
The command's syntax resembles the JCL statement more than other Unix commands do, so the syntax may have been a joke.
By default, reads from stdin and writes to stdout, but these can be changed by using the (input file) and (output file) options.
Also, certain features of will depend on the computer system capabilities, such as 's ability to implement an option for direct memory access.
Sending a SIGINFO signal (or a USR1 signal on Linux) to a running process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error once and then continue copying.
For example, Unix tools ported to Windows vary as to the EOF: Cygwin uses (the usual Unix EOF) and MKS Toolkit uses (the usual Windows EOF).
The GNU variant of as supplied with GNU coreutils does not describe the format of the messages displayed on standard output on completion.
Command-line options can specify a different block size for input/reading () compared to output/writing (), though the block size () option will override both and .
The suffix (words) means multiplication by 2, lowercase (blocks) means 512, lowercase (kibibytes) means 1024, then uppercase (mebibytes) means 1024 × 1024, (gibibytes) means 1024 × 1024 × 1024, and so on for tebibytes, exbibytes, pebibytes, zebibytes, and yobibytes.
Some implementations also understand the suffix uppercase to indicate SI units such as kB (kilobytes) for 1000 bytes or MB (megabytes) for .
For example, is interpreted as 2 × 80 × 18 × 512 = , the exact size of a 1440 KiB floppy disk.
When is used with variable-block-size devices such as tape drives or networks, the block size may determine the tape record size or packet size, depending on the network protocol used.
The data may be input or output to and from any of these; but there are important differences concerning the output when going to a partition.
An attempt to copy the entire disk using may omit the final block if it is of an unexpected length; whereas may succeed.
The conversion option means do not truncate the output file — that is, if the output file already exists, just replace the specified bytes and leave the rest of the output file alone.
When compared to the data modification example above, conversion option is not required as it has no effect when the 's output file is a block device.
Note that filling the drive with random data may take longer than zeroing the drive, because the random data must be created by the CPU, while creating zeroes is very fast.
Modern hard disk drives contain a Secure Erase command designed to permanently and securely erase every accessible and inaccessible portion of a drive.
The early history of open-source software for data recovery and restoration of files, drives and partitions included the GNU , whose copyright notice starts in 1985, with one block size per process, and no recovery algorithm other than the user's interactive session running one form of after another.
However, the author of the 2003 shell script , which enhances 's data recovery algorithm, recommends GNU , a data recovery program unrelated to that was initially released in 2004.
To help distinguish the newer GNU program from the older script, alternate names are sometimes used for GNU's , including (the name on freecode.com and freshmeat.net), (Debian package name), and (openSUSE package name).
This can be overcome by sending an signal to the running process results in printing the current number of transferred blocks.
Using ATA hard disk drives over 128 GiB in size requires system support 48-bit LBA; however, in Linux, uses the kernel to read or write to device files instead of accessing hardware directly.
Compared to , allows more than one output file, supports simultaneous multiple checksum calculations, provides a verification mode for file matching, and can display the percentage progress of an operation.
Peter Armbruster (born 25 July 1931) is a physicist at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) facility in Darmstadt, Germany, and is credited with co-discovering elements 107 (bohrium), 108 (hassium), 109 (meitnerium), 110 (darmstadtium), 111 (roentgenium), and 112 (copernicium) with research partner Gottfried Münzenberg.
He studied physics at the Technical University of Stuttgart and Munich, and obtained his Ph.D. in 1961 under Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, Technical University of Munich.
His major research fields are fission, interaction of heavy ions in matter and atomic physics with fission product beams at the Research Centre of Jülich (1965 to 1970).
He has received many awards for his work, including the Max Born Medal and Prize awarded by the Institute of Physics and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft in 1988, and the Stern-Gerlach Medal awarded by the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft in 1997.
Ingenuus was a Roman military commander, the imperial legate in Pannonia, who became a usurper to the throne of the emperor Gallienus when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260.
Appointed by Gallienus himself, Ingenuus served him well by repulsing a Sarmatian invasion and securing the Pannonian border, at least temporarily.
A well-liked and admired commander, Ingenuus found an opportunity to become the Roman Emperor when Valerian was captured and killed by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire.
Gallienus was in Germania on the Rhine frontier, so he acted quickly by recalling troops from Gaul and after a rapid march he met Ingenuus on the battlefield at Mursa.
The troops of Ingenuus were defeated, as Gallienus' general, Aureolus, used to great effect the advantage given by the mobility of an improved cavalry component of the army, which was the remarkable military innovation wanted by the Emperor.
The image of Bhaiṣajyaguru is usually expressed with a canonical Buddha-like form holding a gallipot and, in some versions, possessing blue skin.
The Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang visited a Mahāsāṃghika monastery at Bamiyan, Afghanistan, in the 7th century CE, and the site of this monastery has been rediscovered by archaeologists.
I vow that my body shall shine as beams of brilliant light on this infinite and boundless world, showering on all beings, getting rid of their ignorance and worries with my teachings.
May all beings be like me, with a perfect status and character, upright mind and soul, and finally attaining enlightenment like the Buddha.
I vow that my body be like crystal, pure and flawless, radiating rays of splendid light to every corner, brightening up and enlightening all beings with wisdom.
With the blessings of compassion, may all beings strengthen their spiritual power and physical energy, so that they could fulfill their dreams on the right track.
I vow that I shall grant by means of boundless wisdom, all beings with the inexhaustible things that they require, and relieving them from all pains and guilt resulting from materialistic desires.
Provided they sincerely regret their wrong-doings, and vow for a change with constant prayers and strong faith in the Buddha, they could receive the rays of forgiveness, recover their lost moral and purity.
I vow that all beings who are physically disabled or sick in all aspects be blessed with good health, both physically and mentally.
I shall lead them onto the path of light through inculcating them with righteousness and honour so that they will walk the Buddha way.
If they hear my name and faithfully cherish it, I shall lead them to the advantages of Dharma and favour them with the best food and eventually lead a tranquil and happy life.
Bhaiṣajyaguru is typically depicted seated, wearing the three robes of a Buddhist monk, holding a lapis-colored jar of medicine nectar in his left hand and the right hand resting on his right knee, holding the stem of the Aruna fruit or Myrobalan between thumb and forefinger.
He is also depicted standing on a Northern Wei stele from approximately 500 AD now housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accompanied by his two attendants, Suryaprabha and Candraprabha.
The practice of veneration of the Medicine Buddha is also popular in China, as he is depicted as one of the three prominent Buddhas, the others being the founder Śākyamuni and Amitabha.
There are two popular Chinese translations of this sutra: one by Xuanzang and the other by Yijing both translated in the Tang dynasty.
The version translated by Yijing includes not only the vows of the Medicine Buddha but also the vows of the Seven Past Buddhas.
Furthermore, much like the nianfo path of Amitabha, the name of Medicine Buddha is also recited for the benefit of being reborn in the Eastern Pure Lands, though this is deemphasized in favor of the Medicine Buddha's role for the living.
Some of Yakushi's role has been taken over by Jizō (Ksitigarbha), but Yakushi is still invoked in the traditional memorial services for the dead.
Older temples, those mostly found in the Tendai and Shingon sects, especially those around Kyoto, Nara and the Kinki region often have Yakushi as the center of devotion, unlike later Buddhist sects which focus on Amitabha Buddha or Kannon Bodhisattva almost exclusively.
The practice of Medicine Buddha, the Supreme Healer (or Sangye Menla in Tibetan) is not only a very powerful method for healing and increasing healing powers both for oneself and others, but also for overcoming the inner sickness of attachment, hatred, and ignorance, thus to meditate on the Medicine Buddha can help decrease physical and mental illness and suffering.
The water is now believed to be blessed by the power of the mantra and the blessing of the Medicine Buddha himself, and the patient is to drink the water.
The content of the fanzine is satirical - featuring jokes at the expense of Manchester United's own players in addition to their rival clubs.
At the time of the launch, Alex Ferguson had failed to deliver any silverware as team manager and the club were still in a run that would eventually last 26 years without winning England's top division league title.
The fanzine contains several regular contributions, starting with the editorial comments inside the front cover reflecting on recent United performances and news.
Green & Gold - Till They Die Or Fold/Till the club is sold is the current campaign by the Red Issue faithful led by forum leader Chatmaster.
After Manchester United claimed an historic 19th League title, the Red Issue fanzine was behind the unveiling of a banner at arch-rivals Liverpool's home stadium Anfield, taunting opposition fans with their league titles record having been toppled.
The magazine can be purchased from sellers at both Manchester United home and away matches, and from branches of Aleef's Newsagents in Manchester City Centre, from sellers at breakaway club F.C.
Rather than acting as a replacement for it, it acted as a more regular port of call for minor Manchester United related stories, usually with a short comment by the editor preceding them.
Typical characteristics of teen pop music include autotuned vocals, choreographed dancing, emphasis on visual appeal (photogenic faces, unique body physiques, immaculate hair styles and fashion clothes), lyrics focused on teenage issues such as love/relationships, finding oneself, friendships, teenage angst, teen rebellion, coming of age, fitting in and growing up (regardless of the artists' age) and repeated chorus lines.
Teen-oriented popular music had become common by the end of the swing era, in the late 1940s, with Frank Sinatra being an early teen idol.
During the 1970s, one of the most popular preteen and teen-oriented acts was the Osmonds, where family members Donny and Marie both enjoyed individual success as well as success as a duo apart from the main family (Donny also recorded with his brothers as the Osmonds).
Other successful singers and bands appealing to tweens and teens were Leif Garrett, Bobby Sherman, the DeFranco Family, David Cassidy and the Partridge Family, Shaun Cassidy, the Bay City Rollers and the Jackson 5 to name a few.
The first major wave of teen pop after the counter-culture of the 1960s and 1970s occurred in the mid to late 1980s, with artists such as Menudo, New Edition, the Jets, Debbie Gibson, Tiffany, Martika, New Kids on the Block and Kylie Minogue.
In the early 1990s, teen pop dominated the charts until grunge and gangsta rap crossed over into the mainstream in North America by late 1991.
Teen pop remained popular in the United Kingdom with the boy band Take That during this period, until the mid-1990s when Britpop became the next major wave in the UK, eclipsing the style similar to how grunge did in North America.
In their wake, other teen pop groups and singers came to prominence, including Hanson, the Backstreet Boys, *NSYNC, Robyn, All Saints, S Club, Five, B*Witched, and Destiny's Child.
In 2001 artists like Aaron Carter, Swedish group A-Teens, girl groups 3LW, Play, Eden's Crush and Dream and boy bands O-Town, B2K, and Dream Street were teen pop artists and hits.
1990s and early 2000s teen pop artists eventually entered hiatuses and semi-retirements (*NSYNC, Dream, Destiny's Child) or changed their musical style, including the Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Mandy Moore, 3LW and Aaron Carter.
B2K, hip hop, pop, and R&B group, was made up of teenage boys, so it was considered a boy band and was popular across the world, though they were only active from 2001 to 2004.
Their style of music was very different than other teenage artists, sounding more mature than the typical boy band, though the members were all in their mid-teenage years as well.
Jesse McCartney, Rihanna, Skye Sweetnam, Hope Partlow, Jordan Pruitt, Fefe Dobson, Taylor Swift, Stacie Orrico, Cheyenne Kimball, Bow Wow, Ciara, Lumidee, Paula DeAnda, Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Raven-Symoné, Corbin Bleu, and Chris Brown achieved success, indicating new relevance of teen-oriented pop music.
Since early 2000s, but some did many years before that, many teen stars have developed careers through their involvement with Disney.
Alongside Disney, other teen pop stars emerged by 2007, among them American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, David Archuleta, and Nickelodeon stars Miranda Cosgrove, Victoria Justice, Keke Palmer and Ariana Grande.
Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, the Jonas Brothers, Jesse McCartney and Demi Lovato are some examples of teen pop singers whose careers started on the Disney Channel.
The introduction of Canadian singer Justin Bieber, a protégé of Usher, created a resurgence of interest in teen pop, especially of the traditional male teen idol.
In 2005, AKB48 was created to promote idol culture & Japanese Pop nationwide and overseas followed by the expansion of sister groups and rival groups locally and internationally over the years.
On 2016, SNH48, as AKB48's second international sister group announced its local Chinese sister groups like BEJ48, GNZ48, SHY48 & CKG48 to integrate idol culture with a Chinese twist.
In 2010, the creation of Ark Music Factory helped contributed a new generation of teen pop artists via the internet, such as Rebecca Black and Jenna Rose, despite major criticism with these artists due to the excessive use of auto-tune.
in 2019, she became the first artist born in the 2000s to have a number one album in the United States, and the youngest female ever to have a number one album in the United Kingdom.
The principal industry in the area was engineering, although many were employed in the mining and textiles industries in the thriving areas of Clayton Vale and Bradford.
The heath in question formerly stretched from Miles Platting to Failsworth, and is bounded by brooks and rivers on all four sides — the River Medlock, Moston Brook, Newton Brook and Shooters Brook.
French Huguenots settled in the area in the 16th century to avoid continental persecution, and brought cotton and linen weaving and bleaching skills with them.
The arrival of textile mills saw Newton Heath's cottage industry change forever into a fully mechanised mass production system – in 1825 Newton Silk Mill (which exists to this day) was built and the Monsall Silk Dye Works followed soon afterwards.
Later came other industries, including a soap works, Elijah Dixon's match manufacturing factory, and rope works as well as engineering and glass making works.
The 18th century saw Oldham Road (A62) turnpiked and a toll bar installed at Lambs Lane; this road still forms the main artery through the district.
With the Industrial Revolution, by the beginning of the 19th century the Rochdale Canal had been constructed and this brought industry and creeping urbanisation to the district.
Newton Heath was home to a number of famous companies such as Mather & Platt, who established a vast engineering works producing pumps, electrical machinery and fire sprinkler systems.
The parish was the birthplace of the Newton Heath Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Football Club which was established in 1878 and later became Manchester United.
It began life as a football team formed by Frederick Attock a Liverpudlian, who was a superintendent engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR).
Newton Heath FC's biggest successes were its election to the First Division on its expansion in 1892 and winning the Lancashire Cup in 1898.
Manchester City Council were forced to review their offer and the existing Ten Acres Lane site is now to be developed for other purposes.
United instead moved into a partnership arrangement with Moston Juniors Football Club, building a new stadium, Broadhurst Park, in nearby Moston in 2015.
Newton Heath is in the parliamentary constituency of Manchester Central alongside Manchester city centre, Hulme, Beswick, Clayton, Openshaw and Moss Side.
The area between the two districts is called Clayton Vale; although it was a former centre of industry, the land has since become a rural wilderness.
Manchester Abattoir, on Riverpark Road, was the primary source of meat produce for the city but has gradually downsized over recent years.
The town's main shopping area is on Church Street, where alongside small family run stores you can find Iceland, Asda and a Lidl store.
The local market, once a local attraction, is now closed after a doomed attempt to upgrade the facilities led to the regular clientele finding other pitches.
Philips Park was opened on 22 August 1846 at a cost of £6,200 and was the first public park opened in Manchester.
The park, covering 31 acres (12 hectares), was named after Mark Philips MP who was committed to creating parks for the use of the working people of the city.
Culcheth Hall, which stood alongside the River Medlock in Newton, was owned by the Byron family (of which the poet Lord Byron was a member).
Other great houses once lay within the district, including Clayton Hall (owned by the Greaves family), Whitworth Hall and Hulme Hall.
Railways arrived in Newton Heath during the 1840s and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) laid two main lines across the district.
Steam locomotive repair sheds were opened in 1877 at the Newton Heath Motive Power Depot (now Traction Maintenance Depot), coded 26A by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
These grew to become a major local employer which, by the 1860s, had been expanded to a 40-acre (16 hectare) site with over 2,000 workers.
Both Newton Heath (closed on 3 January 1966) and Park railway stations (closed on 27 May 1995) were deemed by British Rail to be surplus to requirements following the decline of the local engineering industry.
A £35.6 million Metrolink station was built in 2005 at Central Park south of Newton Heath in anticipation of the network extension, but the project was cancelled by the Government due to funding problems until confirmation of the Metrolink conversion in 2007.
Newton Heath Cricket club, which was established in 1859, is located on Mabel Street and affiliated with the Manchester & District and the Lancashire Cricket Associations.
Ten Acres Astro Centre is a council-run sport centre with a full-size outdoor AstroTurf pitch (marked for football and hockey) and an indoor sports hall (marked out for netball, basketball, volleyball, five-a-side football and badminton).
Policing in Newton Heath is provided by Greater Manchester Police, with a part-time station on Silk Street under the command of North Manchester (A) Division.
Ron Staniforth, who played in the 1954 World Cup in Switzerland, was born in the town and went on to play 107 games for Sheffield Wednesday.
Former England and Lancashire cricket captain, Mike Atherton OBE was born in the town and attended Briscoe Lane school before moving to Failsworth and going on to Manchester Grammar School.
Television talkshow host and journalist Judy Finnigan was born in the parish and raised in the family home on Amos Avenue and also attended Briscoe Lane.
Journalist, writer and former editor of The Sunday Times, Sir Harold Matthew Evans and Alfred Morris, Baron Morris of Manchester attended the now closed Brookdale Park High School, although Morris was originally from Ancoats.
While space maps have borders, planetary maps are virtually borderless - units leaving the map at the eastern border reappear in the west, those leaving in the north reappear in the south.
Some restrictions exist, such as land vehicles only being able to operate on planetary maps, or specific starships not being able to enter planetary environments.
Early game reviews talked about a total sum of 900 million available planets, each with their own climate, seasons and population, a figure that was repeated in advertising text on the game box and even topped by the official website, which claimed several million systems and billions of planets.
The persistent universe feature means that even when players are not involved in the game their mines extract ore, factories create equipment, ships continue commerce, and combat units continue to do battle.
The game also has option to allow the user be notified via cell phone text message if their units came under attack.
After the transfer of Vibes to its Asian partner, the game was bought by O2 Online Entertainment Ltd., it is being primarily maintained by Quantex since 2008.
He studied physics at Justus-Liebig-Universität in Giessen and Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck and completed his studies with a Ph.D. at the University of Giessen, Germany, in 1971.
In 1976, he moved to the department of nuclear chemistry at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany, which was headed by Peter Armbruster.
In 1984, he became head of the new GSI project, the fragment separator, a project which opened new research topics, such as interactions of relativistic heavy ions with matter, production and separation of exotic nuclear beams and structure of exotic nuclei.
Among the rewards he received should be mentioned the Röntgen-Prize of the University of Giessen in 1983 and (together with Sigurd Hofmann) the Otto-Hahn-Prize of the city of Frankfurt/Main in 1996.
In Shingon services, lay followers recite a devotional mantra to each figure, though in Shingon practice, disciples will typically devote themselves to only one, depending on what the teacher assigns.
The Thirteen Buddhas are also an important part of a traditional Japanese Buddhist funeral service, with each deity having a corresponding memorial service for the deceased.
While the thirteen figures have several mantras associated to each respectively, those listed below pertain to the standard formula used in Japanese ritual.
The City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, currently known as the Etihad Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is the home of Manchester City and, with a domestic football capacity of 55,097, the sixth-largest in the Premier League and tenth-largest in the United Kingdom.
Built to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, the stadium has since staged the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, England football internationals, rugby league matches, a boxing world title fight, the England rugby union team's last match of the 2015 Rugby World Cup and summer music concerts during the football off-season.
The stadium, originally proposed as an athletics arena in Manchester's bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics, was converted after the 2002 Commonwealth Games from a 38,000 capacity arena to a 48,000 seat football stadium at a cost to the city council of £22 million and to Manchester City of £20 million.
The stadium was built by Laing Construction at a cost of £112 million and was designed and engineered by ArupSport, whose design incorporated a cable-stayed roof structure which is separated from the main stadium bowl and suspended entirely by twelve exterior masts and attached cables.
The stadium design has received much praise and many accolades, including an award from the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2004 for its innovative inclusive building design and a special award in 2003 from the Institution of Structural Engineers for its unique structural design.
In August 2015, a 7,000 seat third tier on the South Stand was completed, in time for the start of the 2015–16 football season.
Plans to build a new stadium in Manchester were formulated before 1989 as part of the city's bid to host the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Manchester City Council submitted a bid that included a design for an 80,000-capacity stadium on a greenfield site west of Manchester city centre.
Four years later the city council bid to host the 2000 Summer Olympics, but this time focusing on a brownfield site east of the city centre on derelict land that was the site of Bradford Colliery, known colloquially as Eastlands.
The council's shift in focus was driven by emerging government legislation on urban renewal, promising vital support funding for such projects; the government became involved in funding the purchase and clearance of the Eastlands site in 1992.
For the February 1993 bid the city council submitted another 80,000-capacity stadium design produced by design consultants Arup Associates, the firm that helped select the Eastlands site.
Undeterred, Manchester City Council subsequently bid to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, once again proposing the same site along with downsized stadium plans derived from the 2000 Olympics bid, and this time were successful.
In 1996, this same planned stadium competed with Wembley Stadium to gain funding to become the new national stadium, but the money was used to redevelop Wembley.
After successful athletics events at the Commonwealth Games, conversion into a football venue was criticised by athletics figures such as Jonathan Edwards and Sebastian Coe as, at the time, the United Kingdom still lacked plans for a large athletics venue due to the capability of installing an athletics track having been dropped from the designs for a rebuilt Wembley Stadium.
Had either of the two larger stadium proposals developed by Arup been agreed for funding, then Manchester would have had a venue capable of being adapted to hosting large-scale athletics events through the use of movable seating.
would provide the extra £50 million required to convert the stadium to a 65,000 seater athletics and footballing venue with movable seating.
However, Manchester City Council did not have the money to facilitate movable seating and Manchester City were lukewarm about the idea.
Stadium architects Arup Sport believed history demonstrated that maintaining a rarely used athletics track often does not work with football – and cited examples such as the Stadio delle Alpi and the Olympic Stadium with both Juventus and Bayern Munich moving to new stadiums less than 40 years after inheriting them.
The stadium was designed by Arup Associates and constructed by Laing Construction at a cost of approximately £112 million, £77 million of which was provided by Sport England, with the remainder funded by Manchester City Council.
For the Commonwealth Games, the stadium featured a single lower tier of seating running around three sides of the athletics track, and second tiers to the two sides, with an open-air temporary stand at the northern end; initially providing a seating capacity for the Games of 38,000, subsequently extended to 41,000 through the installation of additional temporary trackside seating along the east and south stands.
Among the dignitaries present was Queen Elizabeth II who made a speech, delivered to her in an electronic baton, and 'declared the Commonwealth Games open'.
During the following ten days of competition, the stadium hosted the track and field events and all the rugby sevens matches.
Sixteen new Commonwealth Games track and field records (six men's and ten women's) were set in the stadium, eight of which (three men's and five women's records) are still extant after three subsequent series of Games in 2006, 2010 and 2014.
Prior to the 2012 Summer Olympics held in London, the 2002 Games was the largest multi-sport event ever to be staged in the United Kingdom, eclipsing the earlier London 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and competing athletes (3,679), and it was the world's first multi-sport tournament to include a limited number of full medal events for elite athletes with a disability (EAD).
In terms of number of participating nations, it is still the largest Commonwealth Games in history, featuring 72 nations competing in 281 events across seventeen (fourteen individual and three team) sports.
Sections of the track were removed and relaid at other athletics venues, and the internal ground level was lowered to make way for an additional tier of seating, on terracing already constructed then buried for the original configuration.
The three temporary stands with a total capacity of 16,000 were dismantled, and replaced with a permanent structure of similar design to the existing one at the southern end.
This work took nearly a year to complete and added 23,000 permanent seats, increasing the capacity of the converted stadium by 7,000 to approximately 48,000.
The total cost of this conversion was in excess of £40 million, with the track, pitch and seating conversion being funded by the city council at a cost of £22 million; and the installation of bars, restaurants and corporate entertainment areas throughout the stadium being funded by the football club at a cost of £20 million.
The Games had made a small operating surplus, and Sport England agreed that this could be reinvested in converting the athletics warm-up track adjacent to the main stadium into the 6,000 seat Manchester Regional Arena at a cost of £3.5 million.
The 2008 takeover made the football club one of the wealthiest in the world, prompting suggestions that it could consider buying the stadium outright.
Manchester City signed an agreement with Manchester City Council in March 2010 to allow a £1 billion redevelopment led by architect Rafael Viñoly.
During the 2010 closed season the football pitch and hospitality areas were renovated, with a £1 million investment being made in the playing surface so that it is better able to tolerate concerts and other events without damage.
In October 2010, Manchester City renegotiated the stadium lease, obtaining the naming rights to the stadium in return for agreeing to now pay the City Council an annual fixed sum of £3 million where previously it had only paid half of the ticket sales revenue from match attendances exceeding 35,000.
This new agreement occurred as part of a standard five-year review of the original lease and it amounts to an approximate £1 million annual increase in council revenues from the stadium.
During 2011–14, the club sold all 36,000 of its allocated season tickets each season and experienced an average match attendance that is very close to its maximum seating capacity (see table in previous section).
The South Stand was extended with the addition of a third tier which, in conjunction with an additional three rows of pitch side seating, increased stadium capacity to approximately 55,000.
A final phase of expansion, which received planning approval at the same time as the others but remains unscheduled, would have added a matching third tier of seats to the North Stand.
In November 2018 the club consulted with season ticket holders on possible alternative configurations for this expansion; including proposals for a still larger two-tier North Stand without executive boxes or corporate hospitality lounges, and possibly with areas convertible to safe standing.
The full length of the second tiers in the East and West stands would then be reconfigured as premium seating associated with new hospitality bar areas.
Depending on the preferred design option, this final phase could bring the stadium's total seating capacity up to approximately 63,000, making the Etihad Stadium the nation's third largest capacity club ground.
The attention to detail, often absent in stadium design, has been remarked upon, including the cigar-shaped roof supports with blue lighting beacons, sculpted rainwater gutters, poly-carbonate perimeter roof edging and openable louvres to aid pitch grass growth with similarities also made to high-tech architecture.
A catenary cable is situated around the inner perimeter of the roof structure which is tied to the masts via forestay cables.
With the expansion of the South Stand in 2015 to accommodate a third tier of seating, the original south end roof was dismantled; but with the southern masts and corner ties remaining, so as to continue to tie the catenary cable which now runs below the new roof.
The new higher South Stand roof is a separate structure, with its own set of braced masts and cables; and it is expected that a counterpart arrangement will be adopted for the proposed North Stand expansion.
Access to the upper tiers of seats is provided by eight circular ramps with conical roofs resembling turrets above which eight of the twelve masts rise up providing the support structure for the roof.
The roof of the south, east and west stands built for the athletics stadium configuration was supported by the cable net system.
The temporary open stand at the north end was built around the masts and tie down cables that would ultimately support the roof of the North Stand.
The temporary bleachers at the north end were removed and the North Stand and lower tier of seats constructed on the prepared excavation.
The stadium has facilities for players and match officials in a basement area below the west stand, which also contains a kitchen providing meals for up to 6,000 people on match days, press rooms, ground staff storage, and a prison cell.
Fitting out of the hospitality suites, kitchens, offices, and concourse concessions was accomplished by KSS Architects, and included the installation of the communications cabling and automatic access control system.
The stadium's interior comprises a continuous oval bowl, with three tiers of seating at the sides, and two tiers at each end.
A service tunnel under the stadium provides access for emergency vehicles and the visiting team's coach to enter the stadium directly.
Once inside the stadium patrons have access to six themed restaurants, two of which have views of the pitch, and there are 70 executive boxes above the second tier of seating in the north, west and east stands.
These are capable of keeping the stadium electrics running as well as the floodlights at 800 lux, the minimum level stipulated by FIFA to continue to broadcast live football.
To create the optimum grass playing surface in the stadium bowl, the roof was designed to maximise sunlight by using a ten-metre band of translucent polycarbonate at its periphery.
Additionally, each of the corners of the stadium without seating have perforated walls with moveable louvres that can be adjusted to provide ventilation of the grass and general airflow through the stadium.
The grass playing surface is recognised as being one of the best in English football, and has been nominated five times in the last nine seasons for best Premier League pitch, an accolade it won in 2010–11 among other awards.
The stadium was named the City of Manchester Stadium by Manchester City Council before construction began in December 1999, but has a number of commonly used alternatives.
Eastlands refers to the site and the stadium before they were named SportCity and CoMS respectively, and remains in common usage for both the stadium and the whole complex, as does SportCity but with less frequency.
The football club, under its new ownership, renegotiated its 250-year lease with the city council in October 2010, gaining the naming rights in return for a substantial increase in rent.
The stadium was renamed the Etihad Stadium by the club in July 2011 as part of a ten-year agreement with the team kit sponsors Etihad Airways.
The agreement encompasses sponsorship of the stadium's name, extends the team kit sponsorship for ten years, and relocated the club's youth academy and training facilities to the City Football Academy onto the Etihad Campus development across the road from the stadium.
Despite being a continuous oval bowl, each side of the stadium is named in the manner of a traditional football ground.
All sides were initially named by compass direction (North Stand and South Stand for the ends, East Stand and West Stand for the sides).
In February 2004, after a vote by fans, the West Stand was renamed the Colin Bell Stand in honour of the former player.
The vote was almost cancelled (and the stand instead named after Joe Mercer) due to suspicions it had been hijacked by rival fans who wished to dub the renamed stand The Bell End.
The East Stand is unofficially known by fans as the Kippax as a tribute to the very vocal east stand at the club's Maine Road ground.
Commencing season 2010–11, seating in the North Stand has been restricted to only supporters accompanied by children, resulting in this end of the ground now being commonly referred to as the Family Stand.
Although the North Stand has never been officially renamed and is still frequently referenced that way, most external ticketing offices and stadium guides, in addition to the club itself, now preferentially label and refer to this section of the ground as the Family Stand when discussing seating and ticket sales.
Supporters initially dubbed the South Stand the Scoreboard End (the former name of the North Stand at Maine Road), and it houses the majority of City's more vocal fans.
Supporters of visiting teams are also normally allocated seats in this stand, as it has ready access from the visitor supporter coach park.
From 2003 to 2006, the South Stand was renamed the Key 103 Stand for sponsorship reasons, though this was largely ignored by regular patrons.
The singing area would then be in the North Stand, and the Family Stand would be relocated elsewhere in the Stadium.
Adjacent to the stadium is the Manchester Regional Arena, which served as a warm-up track during the Commonwealth Games and is now a 6,178-capacity venue that hosts national athletics trials, but has previously also hosted the home games of both the Manchester City women's team and the club's under-21 reserve team.
The Regional Arena has regularly hosted the AAA Championships and Paralympic World Cup, and is currently the home ground of amateur rugby league side Manchester Rangers.
The National Squash Centre and the National Cycling Centre, which includes both the Manchester Velodrome and the National Indoor BMX Arena, are all a short distance from the stadium.
The Squash Centre, which has hosted the British National Squash Championships since 2003 was added to the SportCity complex for the Commonwealth Games along with CoMS.
The Velodrome, another showpiece venue used to stage all the track cycling events for the Games, was already in place and had been home to British Cycling, the governing body for cycling in Britain, since it was built in 1994, as part of Manchester’s unsuccessful 2000 Olympics bid.
Prior to the completion of the Lee Valley VeloPark for the 2012 Summer Olympics, the Velodrome had been the only indoor Olympic-standard track in the United Kingdom.
The collocated BMX Arena houses the United Kingdom’s only permanent indoor BMX track and provides seating for up two thousand spectators.
Between 11 March (Commonwealth Day) and 10 August 2002, as part of the preparations for the upcoming Commonwealth Games and to celebrate Her Majesty the Queen's Golden Jubilee, a national Spirit of Friendship Festival was organised.
On 9 July, a few weeks before the Games began, a sculpture outside the new national headquarters of the English Institute of Sport at SportCity was unveiled by the middle-distance runner Steve Cram.
This sculpture, commissioned in late 2001, was created in a little over eight weeks by Altrincham-based artist, Colin Spofforth, who had submitted to Manchester City Council his idea for a heroic-sized sculpture of a sprinter as a means of celebrating the beauty, power and determination of the competing athletes.
In 2014, money recovered by the Manchester City Council as a result of lengthy legal battles consequent to this debacle was used to fund a new £341,000 public sculpture a few hundred yards further south.
The first competitive match followed four days later, a UEFA Cup match between Manchester City and Welsh Premier League side The New Saints, which City won 5–0 with Trevor Sinclair scoring the first competitive goal in the stadium.
Having started the Premier League season with an away match, Manchester City's first home league fixture in the new stadium was on 23 August, a game drawn 1–1 with Portsmouth, with Pompey's Yakubu scoring the first league goal in the stadium.
2011–12 saw the Etihad Stadium play host to the setting of a number of new club and Premier League footballing records, such as the club becoming the first ever team to win eleven of its opening twelve games in a Premier League season, and going on to remain unbeaten at the Etihad Stadium in all nineteen of the Premier League games played there.
The club's record of 55 home points out of a possible 57 at the stadium is a joint best Premier League record, and the club's record of twenty consecutive home wins at the stadium (going back to the end of the previous season) also set a new Premier League record in March 2012.
The record football attendance at the stadium not involving its host team Manchester City is 43,878, which was set at the 2008 UEFA Cup Final game between Zenit Saint Petersburg and Rangers on 14 May 2008.
As is customary for such games, the then 47,715 maximum physical capacity of the stadium had been reduced by UEFA to around 44,000 for this final.
However, neither limit would have been able to accommodate the vast number of supporters of the Scottish club, estimated to be in excess of 130,000, that travelled down from Glasgow to Manchester on the day of the game, despite the club's official ticket allocation being just 13,000 and police requests for fans without tickets to stay home.
This order of magnitude mismatch between the numbers of traveling fans and those holding tickets ultimately led to a serious public disorder incident in the centre of the city now inextricably associated with this final, despite the fact that the 44,000 or so crowd who watched the game inside the stadium were perfectly well-behaved.
It has won a number of design awards, including the 2004 Royal Institute of British Architects Inclusive Design Award for inclusive building design, the 2003 Institution of Structural Engineers Structural Special Award, and in 2002 a BCI Major Project high commendation was awarded by the British Construction Industry.
In July 2014, the stadium was declared one of the United Kingdom's five most iconic structures by the Construction Industry Training Board.
In 2003, initial reception by Manchester City supporters was polarised, with some lukewarm about moving from Maine Road which had a reputation for being one of English football's most atmospheric grounds, whilst others were enthusiastic about the bigger stadium and move back to East Manchester where the club was formed.
Since 2010, the club has boasted more than 36,000 season ticket holders each season, which is more than the 35,150 maximum capacity of Maine Road just before the club moved homes.
A 2007 Premier League survey found that fans thought sight lines at the stadium were the second best in the Premier League after the Emirates Stadium.
Opposition fans have generally given positive feedback, with CoMS coming second to Old Trafford in a 2005 poll to find the United Kingdom's favourite football ground.
In 2010, the City of Manchester Stadium was the third most visited stadium after Old Trafford and Anfield by overseas visitors.
In the early years of Manchester City's tenure, the stadium suffered from a poor atmosphere, a common problem with modern stadia when compared with traditional football grounds such as Maine Road.
In the 2007 Premier League survey, Manchester City supporters rated the atmosphere as second worst in the league, but the atmosphere has since significantly improved and continues to do so.
In October 2014, the club received two national VisitFootball awards for the quality of its customer care of Premier League fans visiting the Etihad Stadium during the previous season.
VisitFootball, a joint venture between the Premier League and the national tourism board's VisitEngland, has been assessing the care that patrons receive at football grounds since August 2010, and presents annual awards for those clubs who deliver outstanding customer service.
Manchester City had been one of the first four clubs to receive an inaugural VisitFootball award in 2011, but in 2014 it was the recipient of both the Club of the Year and Warmest Welcome awards.
In July 2011, CoMS was renamed the Etihad Stadium, sponsored by Etihad Airways who fought off competition from Ferrostaal and Aabar to gain the stadium naming rights.
The lucrative ten-year sponsorship deal included not just the naming rights to the stadium itself but to the whole £200 million complex of football-related facilities into which it was soon to be incorporated.
In mid-September 2011, development plans were duly announced for a new state-of-the-art youth academy and training facility, now known as the City Football Academy (CFA) to be built on derelict land adjacent to the stadium and which would include a 7,000 capacity mini-stadium plus fifteen additional outdoor football pitches, six swimming pools and three gyms.
The planned CFA facility was not only to become the new home base of the Manchester City first team squad, reserve (under-21 youth) team squad, and all of the Academy younger age group squads, but also the new home of the prior loosely affiliated Manchester City Ladies team (which was re-branded in 2012 as Manchester City Women's F.C.
At the beginning of March 2014, the structural framework for a new pedestrian walkway/footbridge over the junction of Alan Turing Way and Ashton New Road connecting the CFA with the Etihad Stadium was lowered into place.
With sponsor Suisse Power & Gas SA having subsequently secured the naming rights, the completed SuisseGas Bridge was officially opened and turned over to Manchester City Council for general public access on 26 November 2014.
Manchester Piccadilly railway station, which serves mainline trains, is a twenty-minute walk away along a well-lit signposted route that is supervised by stewards close to the ground.
Piccadilly station also has a Metrolink tram stop (in the undercroft); from which regular trams along the East Manchester Line to Ashton-under-Lyne serve the stadium and Etihad Campus, with enhanced service frequencies and doubled tram units on matchdays.
The Etihad Campus tram stop close to Joe Mercer Way to the immediate north of the stadium opened in February 2013, and handles several thousand travellers each matchday; spectators travelling by tram from Manchester city centre being able to board services at Piccadilly Gardens, the journey taking approximately 10 minutes.
The Velopark tram stop also opened in February 2013 and provides access to the southeastern approach to the stadium, as well as closer access to other areas of SportCity such as the Manchester Velodrome and the City Football Academy.
Under the terms of its lease, the stadium is able to host non-football events such as concerts, boxing and rugby fixtures at Manchester City's prerogative.
Manchester City applied for a permanent entertainment licence in 2012 in a bid to expand the number of non-footballing events at the stadium.
Outside the football season the stadium hosts annual summer concerts, and is one of the United Kingdom's largest music venues, having a maximum capacity of 60,000 for performances.
Other artists who have played the stadium are U2, Beyoncé, Jay-Z, George Michael, Rod Stewart, Foo Fighters, Pet Shop Boys, Manic Street Preachers, Bastille, Dizzee Rascal, The Futureheads, the Sugababes, Taylor Swift, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Coldplay, Bruce Springsteen, Muse, Bon Jovi (three times), Robbie Williams, One Direction, The Stone Roses and the Spice Girls.
In 2008, late post-concert pitch renovation, combined with an early start to the football season, led to the pitch not being ready for the first home fixture, causing the club to play its UEFA Cup first round qualifying match at Barnsley's Oakwell Stadium and a moratorium to be imposed on the staging of non-football events at Eastlands.
In May 2010, the club invested in a new pitch and summer concerts resumed in 2011 when Take That played eight nights, with ticket sales totalling approximately 400,000.
CoMS is rated a category 4 stadium by UEFA and has hosted several major football matches in addition to Manchester City's home fixtures.
It became the fiftieth stadium to host an England international football match when the English and Japanese national teams played on 1 June 2004.
In June 2005, the stadium hosted England's opening game in the UEFA Women's Championship, setting an attendance record of 29,092 for the competition.
In May 2011, the stadium hosted the Conference National play-off final between AFC Wimbledon and Luton Town; Wimbledon gained promotion to the Football League after beating Luton in a penalty shoot-out.
The stadium was used for the play-offs because the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final was due to take place at Wembley on 28 May 2011 and UEFA regulations stipulate the stadium hosting the Champions League final must not be used for other matches during the previous two weeks.
In October 2004, the stadium played host to a rugby league international match between Great Britain and Australia in the Tri-Nations series in front of nearly 40,000 spectators.
This is a rugby league competition in which all 14 members of the Super League competition play each other over a full weekend.
After a record attendance in 2012 – both for a single day (32,953) and the aggregate for the whole weekend (63,716) – the Etihad Stadium became the venue of choice for this annual rugby league event, setting another attendance record (36,339 / 64,552) for it in May 2014.
However, the current construction work involved with the expansion of the South Stand caused this competition to be relocated to St. James' Park for the summer of 2015, but it is expected to return to the Etihad again once the expansion work is complete.
The fight was held in front of 56,337 fans, setting a record attendance for a British boxing event post World War II.
He was a successful British composer of popular music of the 1930s and 1940s whose output comprised 45 songs as well as the music for 28 films and 26 London shows.
He was educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School before obtaining a scholarship at the age of 15 to attend the Royal College of Music in London, after which he attended university.
A precocious talent, he had deputised for the choirmaster of Wakefield Cathedral from the age of eight, becoming honorary deputy organist at twelve.
He had become music director and organist at St. Anne's Church in London's Soho district by the age of eighteen, prior a brief period of military service during the First World War and then studies at Christ's College, Cambridge.
This originally opened in 1937 at the Victoria Palace Theatre, London and, after a shaky start, gained popularity when the BBC broadcast it live on radio on 13 January 1938.
The show was revived in 1952 and again in 1984, when the book was revised by Stephen Fry and came to include some of Gay's own songs.
The latter production ran for eight years, initially at the Haymarket Theatre in Leicester and then at the Adelphi Theatre in London, before going on tour throughout Britain and transferring to Broadway.
After the war, his musical output diminished and he concentrated more on production, in part because of increasing deafness and also because the fashion for cheerful Cockney-themed songs was on the wane.
It now forms a part of the Noel Gay Organisation which includes divisions for television and theatre and is a significant British showbusiness agency, under the day-to-day control of his family.
Among Noel Gay's songs were the following, sourced from US Library of Congress copyright catalogues and the catalogue of the National Library of Australia as indicated.
His pure land is predicted to be one of the two best pure lands in all of existence in all the past, present, and future.
The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri.
Mañjuśrī is depicted as a male bodhisattva wielding a flaming sword in his right hand, representing the realization of transcendent wisdom which cuts down ignorance and duality.
This syllabary was most widely used for the Gāndhārī language with the Kharoṣṭhī script but also appears in some Sanskrit texts.
is the seed syllable of the mantra and is chanted with greater emphasis and also repeated a number of times as a decrescendo.
Mount Wutai in Shanxi, one of the four Sacred Mountains of China, is considered by Chinese Buddhists to be his bodhimaṇḍa.
In Mount Wutai's Foguang Temple, the Manjusri Hall to the right of its main hall was recognized to have been built in 1137 during the Jin dynasty.
These made it a popular place of pilgrimage, but patriarchs including Linji Yixuan and Yunmen Wenyan declared the mountain off limits.
According to official histories from the Qing dynasty, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchens of Northeast China and founder of what became the Qing dynasty, named his tribe after Mañjuśrī as the Manchus.
In eighth century Java during the Medang Kingdom, Mañjuśrī was a prominent deity revered by the Sailendra dynasty, patrons of Mahayana Buddhism.
Mañjuśrī was portrayed as a youthful handsome man with the palm of his hands tattooed with the image of a flower.
Zenica ( ; ; ), an administrative center and a seat of the City of Zenica (), is a city and an administrative and economic center of the Zenica-Doboj Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
According to the final results of 2013 population census in BiH, the settlement of Zenica itself counts 70,553 citizens and the Zenica City 110,663.
The urban part of today's city is formed in several phases, including Neolithic, Illyrian, Roman Municipium Bistua Nuova (2nd–4th century; old name of the city) with early Christian dual basilica.
Traces of an ancient settlement have been found here as well; villa rustica, thermae, a temple and other buildings were present too.
Time of the independence of the Medieval Bosnia is directly connected to Zenica (Gradješa's plate and abdication act; Kulin ban's time; Vranduk, a castle of the Bosnian kings; Janjići and 'hižas' [homes] of the Bosnian Church members; stećci, stone tombstone monuments etc.).
During the Ottoman rule (1463–1878), Zenica became a Muslim town (kasaba); at the very end of the 17th century, Zenica had 2,000 citizens, mostly Muslims; Orthodox and Catholic Christians get mentioned again from the end of the 18th century, and Jews in the 19th century.
Number of citizens has been rising rapidly during the 20th century, and from Bosnian War until 2013 city lost a quarter of its population.
One of the marks of the Zenica is the football club Čelik, as well as one of the tallest buildings on the Balkans – Lamela.
Some of the most famous Zenicans are Semir Osmanagić, Anabela Basalo, Danis Tanović, Amar Jašarspahić Gile, Nihad Fetić Hakala, Mladen Krstajić, Dejan Lovren, Mervana Jugić-Salkić and Amel Tuka.
The legend about the name is connected with the saddest of times of the medieval Bosnian state and Croat people on the Balkans; fall of the Bosnia under Ottomans in 1463.
In the city Zenica's settlement of Bilimišće, traces of ancient settlement were found; in the City of Zenica's villages Putovići and Tišina, where villa rustica dominates, thermae, temple and a series of other following objects are present, too.
The following findings are from the Metal Age in Orahovički stream near Nemila, Gračanica, Ravna and other places; metal axes, arrows, ornamental fibulae and ceramic remains were unearthed here.
The urban part of today's Zenica has already formed in the younger Stone Age – Neolithic, and especially later in the time of Illyrians – today, toponyms of their 'gradinas' are proof for that; Gradišće, Gračanica, Gradac.
Recent () international archaeological research, conducted by Vienna (), Zenica (Zenica museum) and Sarajevo students and scientists using modern technology, shows precisely that settlements around settled place (city) Zenica were settled by humans and animals even before 3,100 years from now.
place Kopilo, what indicates that humans (farmers) used to live there at the time; two tombs (one with human bones and ceramics), two tumuli and a completely new prehistorical settlement 'Ravna gradina' were found too.
Information that Bistua Nuova's bishop Andrew (Andreas, Andrija) took part in and was a signer of Solin sinodas in 530 and 533 underlines its importance.
In the urban settlement of Odmut, and rural settlements of Putovići and Tišina, archaeologists found various findings; epigraphs stand out by their importance, which guided them towards conclusion that Bistua Nuova was in the Zenica area.
According to the documents that have been studied until so far, the city's current name was first mentioned on 20 March 1436, and later – Zenica is mentioned in a series of documents related to Republic of Ragusa (Republic of Dubrovačka).
In the period of Middle Ages, in 1370 more precisely, settlement Klopče was mentioned, as well as family of that name; on 8 January 1404 Bosnian bishop from Janjići sent dispatches to the Ragusan prince Vlaho Sorkočević.
In the Zenica settlement of Varošište, a Middle Ages church has been unearthed and Franciscan monastery of St. Mary, which was built by sculptor Ivan Hrelić, a student of Juraj Dalmatinac.
Time of the political independence of the Middle Ages Bosnia is directly connected to Zenica, before all with Gradješa's plate and act of abjuration, by which Kulin ban's time was continued and it denotes facts of political power too.
Small distance of the fortified city of Vranduk, the seat of Bosnian kings, Janjići and homes of the bishops of the Bosnian Church, with stećci in Puhovac and Pojske, several scribes and builders – among other – are the facts and proofs of a special significance of this place in the Middle Ages.
Also with its names (Bistua Nuova, Bilino polje, Brod), and Zenica after 20 March 1436, this city is tied for central part of the country and river Bosna.
According to the presumptions, Zenica had 2,000 citizens, among which Muslims dominated; at the end of 18th century Orthodox and Catholic Christians are mentioned again, and in 19th century Jews.
After ruination and exodus after the intrusion of Eugene of Savoy in 1697, time of stabilization begins for Zenica, and in administrative, urban, business and topographic sense Zenica čaršija stands out with its characteristic marks.
After the Berlin Congress, held in 1878, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was given the rights to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina; armed resistance to occupying troops soon arose.
It is believed that exactly Zenica, more precisely the Hadži Mazića house, was the place of negotiations between the representatives of the Ottoman authorities in the Bosnian vilayet, Hafiz-pasha and the commander of the Austro-Hungarian occupying forces, General Filipović, on the conditions of the cessation of the conflict.
They include the railway from Bosanski Brod to Zenica (1879), the coal mine (1880), the paper factory (1885), the ironworks (1892), and the penitentiary (1886).
Cultural societies were organized, on a strictly national-confessional basis, such as the Croatian Singing Society, Zvečaj, the Czech Word and others; at the same time, other societies of general character are established, such as firefighters, hunters, mountaineers and others.
This will, aside from other things, cause a series of changes – both qualitative and quantitative shifts in the city's development.
After World War I, the Kingdom of SHS was formed, which in 1929 became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia; Bosnia and Herzegovina belonged to these countries.
The political, economic and social life of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1918 to 1941 stagnated, although the situation changed slightly before the beginning of World War II, when certain investments in Ironworks Zenica came.
20th century in Zenica is generally marked with series of different characteristic phenomena, increased industrialization, especially after 1938 with Harsh railway (Gruba pruga) being built, the pauperization of the part of the citizenry, its proletarization, as well as mixing of advanced urban European and still domestic Bosnian mentality and habits.
Specific-functions-and-purposes city develops, especially bordered with two facts – Penitentiary and Ironworks Zenica – but also precious confirmation of the coexistence of the Zenicans with different histories; the stone bridge has connected house of Kosta Jefić and Osmanaga Mehmedić, and Jewish Havra, for over 90 years.
In the period between 1941 and 1945, domestic people (mostly Muslims, by declaration of the famous Resolution of Zenica Muslims from May 1942) show evident effort to retain respect and consideration as well as protection of bare life from non-Muslims, through formation of their authentic sign, Muslim militias – in Šerići, Doglodi, Babino and through partisan units, what gave and had certain demands and weight.
After liberation of Zenica achieved by partisans on 12 April 1945 (Zenica Liberation Day), the city started to grow rapidly – as a quickly developed industrial center.
It expanded and included the former villages of Bilino Polje, Klopče and Radakovo; new flat blocks were built for more numerous coalminers and workers in the steelworks.
Number of citizens in 1948 was only about 15,000, and by 1961 it grew up to over 30,000; in year 1981, there was over 63,000 citizens in Zenica, and after the last Yugoslavian census made in Yugoslavia – Zenica was city with over 96,000 citizens.
One year before the breakup of Bosnian War, in 1991, Zenica became seat of one of the first private and independent radio-stations in Eastern Europe – Radio CD-CEMP.
The first official civil victim of the Bosnian War in Zenica was a two-year-old Croat girl Matea Jurić (29 July 1990 – 13 May 1992), who was killed by a gunshot during the blockade of the military barrack of JNA in the urban settlement of Bilimišće.
Today, meeting to remember Jurić is traditionally organized in Radakovo, where she has a memorial panel to lay flowers next to it.
On 19 April 1993, during the Muslim–Croat War, 15 civilians were killed and 50, injured, when HVO's grenade from a howitzer hit the central bazaar of Zenica.
The first attack began at about 12.10 o'clock, second with two grenades at 12.24 o'clock, and the following two rounds with two grenades in 12.29 o'clock.
It is also significant to note that kafana-singers and other singers-amateurs sang in open music performances in the garden restaurant of KPD Zenica while war in Eastern Bosnia rage and Zenica was hit to a lesser extent.
Demography of the city changed much during the war, by the arrival of ethnic Muslims (today's Bosniaks) from other parts of BiH and the departure of Serbs to areas under Serb control.
The ruling party in the City of Zenica for 20 years was the majority Bosniak and Muslim Party of Democratic Action (SDA), for which i.e.
time of its mayors the development of the settled place Zenica / city of Zenica (its urban core but also other villages as the part of then Municipality) advanced slowly, partly because of corruption and various types of misappropriation; many areas of the populated place itself did not get city lights, water supply and canalization and solidly asphalted roads even after 20 years.
The drastic population decrease was seen from 1991 to 2013 and it is ≈26% (Zenica lost one quarter of its citizens, partly because of the War, partly because of unfavorable economic circumstances in BiH and recessions prompting young and middle-aged residents to emigrate to Europe and America).
The Municipality Building was smashed, RMK buildings also demolished, tens of people taken to the cantonal hospital and some officials resigned.
2016 Bosnian-Herzegovinian municipal elections made independent politician (Fuad Kasumović) a Zenica mayor for the first time in the recent city history; he planned to make the city a modern, European and regional center.
These are all reasons because of which city has more visitors from all continents, of which it is significant to mention Africa and Asia.
The issue of stray dogs in the urban core was handled, pollution that culminated at the beginning and in the mid-2010s was reduced significantly (Zenicans were used to pink-red sky and stinky, polluted air especially during the nights of pollution), public transport was improved (new buses, wi-fi etc.)...
There are plans to resolve a huge problem of unemployment and to modernize the education system, build city underground garage, as well as projects of warming the public city flat buildings with styrofoam facades.
Manifestation Čimburijada ( – the local name for the scrambled eggs), that have been present for several decades in Zenica, took place in 2019, too, with video-broadcast on TV Zenica.
Zenica is located in the heart of the Bosnia, in the central part of the river Bosna's flow, after which country BiH bears name.
Coordinates of the city are 44° 12′ 14″ N and 17° 54′ 28″ E. It has average elevation of above sea level.
The reactor has been inoperative for most of the time since it was originally built, and was last operated in 2010.
Monju is a sodium cooled, MOX-fueled, loop-type reactor with three primary coolant loops, designed to produce 280 MWe from 714 MWt.
The plant is located on a site that spans 1.08 km (267 acres), the buildings occupy 28,678 m (7 acres), and it has 104,680 m of floor space.
A subsequent scandal involving a cover-up of the scope of the accident delayed its restart until May 6, 2010, with renewed criticality reached on May 8, 2010.
to decommission or extend funding) was due by end 2016, and a decision to close the facility was made in December 2016.
Intense vibration caused a thermowell inside a pipe carrying sodium coolant to break, possibly at a defective weld point, allowing several hundred kilograms of sodium to leak out onto the floor below the pipe.
Upon contact with air, the liquid sodium reacted with oxygen and moisture in the air, filling the room with caustic fumes and producing temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius.
An alarm sounded around 7:30 p.m., switching the system over to manual operations, but a full operational shutdown was not ordered until around 9:00 p.m., after the fumes were detected.
However, there was massive public outrage in Japan when it was revealed that Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC), the semigovernmental agency then in charge of Monju, had tried to cover up the extent of the accident and resulting damage.
This coverup included falsifying reports and the editing of a videotape taken immediately after the accident, as well as issuing a gag order that aimed to stop employees revealing that tapes had been edited.
On January 27, 2003, the Nagoya High Court's Kanazawa branch made a ruling reversing its earlier 1983 approval to build the reactor, but then on May 30, 2005, Japan's Supreme Court gave the green light to reopen the Monju reactor.
The original fuel loaded was mixed plutonium-uranium oxide with plutonium content of around 15–20%, but by 2009, due to natural radioactive decay, the fuel had only half of the original plutonium-241 content.
A restart date of February 2009 was again delayed due to the discovery of holes in the reactor's auxiliary building; in August 2009 it was announced that restart might be in February 2010.
Having obtained the go ahead from both entities, JAEA started criticality testing, after which it took some months before commercial operation could resume – as for any new nuclear plant.
The Fukui Prefecture governor, Issei Nishikawa asked the METI for additional stimulus to the prefecture including an expansion of the Shinkansen in turn for the restart of the plant.
The JAEA tried to recover the device used in fuel exchange but failed as it had become misshaped, preventing its retrieval through the upper lid.
The JAEA began preparatory engineering work on May 24, 2011 to set up equipment to be used to retrieve the IVTM that fell inside the vessel.
On Sunday 2 June 2012 the sodium heater, which keeps the sodium molten as a secondary coolant, ceased operating for half an hour from about 4:30 p.m.
The power supply was checked, but insufficient information in the service manual, caused the heater to stop, causing a fall of about 40 C from 200 C of the sodium temperature.
Under the internal rules of JAEA, the failure was regarded a too minor incident to report it to the authorities, but the next day the Nuclear Regulation Authority and local governments were informed about the incident.
On 31 May 2013 science and technology minister Hakubun Shimomura announced that Shojiro Matsuura, (77 years) the former chairman of the Nuclear Safety Commission, would be the next president of JAEA on Monday 3 June.
During safety inspections conducted by the NRA between 3 and 21 June 2013, it was revealed that the safety inspections on another 2,300 pieces of equipment had been omitted by JAEA.
In 2014 more uninspected equipment was discovered, and more than 100 improper corrections to inspection records found, leading to concerns that inspection reports were being falsified.
Again in 2015 it was discovered that regular degradation assessments measuring the thickness of sodium cooling pipes had not been carried out since 2007.
During the monthly testing of the emergency diesel generators, staff forgot to close six of the twelve valves they had opened before testing, releasing thick black smoke.
On Monday 16 September 2013 before 3 a.m. the data transmission of the reactor stopped to the government's Emergency Response Support System.
At that moment it was not possible to restore the connection, because the reactor site in Tsuruga was inaccessible due to mudslides and fallen trees caused by the typhoon.
On August 3, 2016, it was discovered that an alert triggered on November 19, 2015, when the quality of the water in a spent nuclear fuel rod pool deteriorated, was ignored until April 2016 and rectified only the next month.
In September 2011 the ministry of education, science and technology asked for the fiscal year of 2012 only 20 to 30 percent of the budget to maintain and manage the Monju reactor for the year 2011.
The test run of the reactor, in which the reactor's output would be raised to 40 percent of its capacity by the end of March 2012, was postponed on September 29, 2011, by the Japanese Government because the uncertainty over the future of nuclear energy.
After the disaster in Fukushima, the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan made a start with a review of Japan's long term energy policy.
The local Fukui edition of the Asahi Shinbun reported on June 22, 2012 that the reactor would restart in July 2012.
After it was revealed in November 2012, that regular safety checks had been omitted, the Nuclear Regulation Authority ordered JAEA to change its maintenance rules and inspection plans.
JAEA had failed to perform periodical safety checks on nearly 10,000 out of 39,000 pieces of equipment at the plant before the deadlines were met.
Half May 2013 not all details were worked out, and under the rules set by the NRA, it was not allowed to change nuclear fuel rods or move the control rods.
On 16 May 2013 the NRA ordered JAEA President Atsuyuki Suzuki to comply with their decisions and planned a meeting on 23 May to explain their reasoning, making it very likely that the NRA would block the reactivation of the reactor.
Because the criticism of the NRA on the sloppy safety controls Atsuyuki Suzuki resigned as President of JAEC on 17 May.
Although the resignation was accepted by the government, the move was a surprise, because on May 16 Susuki had spoken on a meeting in the Japanese parliament, the Diet, and to the NRA secretariat and had pleaded to restore the public's trust in the JAEC.
The NRA commented, that Suzuki's resignation had not solved fundamental problems and that there was a need to restructure the JAEA as an organization.
This money would cover the costs of maintenance and the costs of the test run, planned in the summer of 2012.
On 20 November a seven-member Japanese government commission decided that the future of the Monju reactor should be thoroughly reviewed before a decision could be made for this 2012 budget.
Some members of the commission thought that there would be little public support for restarting the fast breeder project, and that it was uncertain that the reactor could be taken into commercial service in 2050 as originally planned.
Other members said that the Monju project should be stopped completely, and that all efforts should be put into the international fusion reactor project ITER instead.
Decisions about the 2012 budget would be taken after the discussions in a panel of cabinet members about the nuclear policy of Japan, including the fast breeder reactor project, would be complete.
Reports in 2012 indicated that plans to generate electricity at Monju would be abandoned, and the plant repurposed into a research centre for handling spent nuclear fuel.
The NRA said that before it could plan a restart of the reactor, JAEA must allocate appropriate funds and human resources to rebuild a maintenance and management system to prevent the recurrence of coolant leakages and other problems.
The NRA also announced that an assessment would be made of whether geologic faults at the location of the Monju facility are active.
On 2 March 2015 Noboru Hirose, a senior NRA official, told NHK at the beginning of a 3-week regular safety check that he could not say when test runs would be permitted to start.
He would first need to examine how safety checks are conducted and whether adequate measures are in place to avoid a repeat of earlier problems.
On 5 March 2012 a group of seismic researchers revealed the possibility of a 7.4M (or even more potent) earthquake under the Tsuruga Nuclear Powerplant.
Before this date the Japanese governmental Earthquake Research Committee and Japan Atomic Power had calculated that the Urasoko fault under the plant, combined with other faults connected to it, was around 25 km long.
On top of this, the presence of the oceanic faults were not taken into account by NISA and JAP in the assessment of the safety of the Tsuruga nuclear power plant.
Analysis of sonic survey and other data provided by Japan Atomic Power analysed by a panel of experts of Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency showed the presence of multiple faults existing within 2 to 3 km from the Urasoko fault.
According to Sugiyama, a member of this group of scientists, these faults were highly likely to be activated together, and this would extend the length of the Urasoko fault to 35 km.
Computer simulations calculating the length of a fault based on its displacement, showed the Urasoko fault to be 39 km long, a result close to the length estimated by the sonic survey data, and the fault could cause some 5 meter displacement when activated together with other faults.
According to the experts there were many other faults located under one reactor on the west side of the Urasoku fault that could move also simultaneously.
On 6 March 2012 NISA asked Japan Atomic Power Co. to reassess the worst-case scenario for earthquakes at the Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant.
What damage this could do to the buildings on the site, because the Urazoko fault, running around 250 meters from the reactor buildings, could have a serious impact on the earthquake resistance of the power plant.
NISA was also planning to send similar instructions to two other nuclear power plant operators in the Fukui area: Kansai Electric Power Company, and Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
Because the Mihama Nuclear Power Plant and the Monju fast breeder reactor could also be affected by a possible earthquake caused by the Urazoko fault.
On 17 July 2013 a commission of five experts led by NRA commissioner Kunihiko Shimazaki started the investigations on the geological activity of 8 zones of crushed rock under the reactor.
Whether these old faults could move in conjunction with the active fault situated half a kilometer from the reactor site, and would constitute a hazard for the reactor safety.
One of the experts, Chiba University professor Takahiro Miyauchi, did not take part in the two-day survey, but would visit the site afterwards.
On Thursday 18 July Kunihiko Shimazaki told reporters, that his team could not yet reach a conclusion, further research was needed.
Another acoustic survey of the grounds was planned by Japan Atomic Energy Agency and a geological examination to determine the age of the clay and stones in the faults.
On 21 October 2011 the Japanese government appointed a commission to study ways to cut wasteful expenditures, one possibility being decommissioning the Monju prototype fast breeder reactor.
The Government Revitalization Unit took up this issue, because the calls to abolish this reactor were growing after the nuclear accident at Fukushima.
As the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant made it difficult, if not impossible, to build new nuclear power plants, the government panel would also review subsidies for localities with atomic power plants as well as functions of related entities such as the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
On 27 November, after a visit to the plant, nuclear disaster minister Goshi Hosono said that scrapping the Monju-fast-breeder reactor was an option that would be given serious thought.
Politicians and private sector experts of the ruling Democratic Party of Japan made proposals for a thorough operational and budgetary review in the government's energy policy screening session earlier in the week before his visit.
On 21 December 2016, the Japanese government confirmed the closure and decommissiong of the Monju reactor, with the suggestion that this would cost at least ¥375 billion.
Despite its intention to close the Monju facility, the Cabinet appeared to reaffirm its commitment to a fast breeder program of some kind, essential if Japan's stockpile of some 50 tonnes of plutonium is to be disposed of.
The successor to Monju was expected to be a larger demonstration plant to be completed around 2025, built by the newly formed Mitsubishi FBR Systems company.
However, in 2014 Japan agreed to cooperate in developing the emergency reactor cooling system, and in a few other areas, with the French ASTRID demonstration sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor.
As in the neighbouring appellation of Saint-Émilion, the predominant grape variety is Merlot, often with Cabernet Franc and smaller quantities of Cabernet Sauvignon.
However, wines like Château Pétrus and Château Le Pin are priced as high as the classified first growths of the Pauillac and Saint-Émilion such as Château Ausone and Château Cheval Blanc.
It is located at 9 Nicholson Street in the Carlton Gardens, flanked by Victoria, Carlton and Rathdowne Streets, at the north-eastern edge of the central business district.
It was built to host the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880–81, and then hosted the even larger Centennial International Exhibition in 1888, and the formal opening of the first Parliament of Australia in 1901.
Throughout the 20th century smaller sections and wings of the building were subject to demolition and fire; however, the main building, known as the Great Hall, survived.
It received restoration throughout the 1990s and in 2004 became the first building in Australia to be awarded UNESCO World Heritage status, being one of the last remaining major 19th-century exhibition buildings in the world.
The Royal Exhibition Building was designed by the architect Joseph Reed of Reed and Barnes architecture, who also designed the Melbourne Town Hall, the State Library of Victoria, and the Baroque style gardens.
Composed of brick, timber, steel, and slate, the Exhibition Building is representative of the Byzantine, Romanesque, Lombardic and Italian Renaissance styles.
The dome was modeled on the Florence Cathedral, while the main pavilions were influenced by the style of Rundbogenstil and several buildings from Normandy, Caen and Paris.
The building has the scale of the French Beaux Arts, with a cruciform plan in the shape of a Latin cross, with long nave-like wings symmetrically placed east-west about the central dome, and a shorter wing to the north.
The Great Hall is still in beautiful condition, crowned by an octagonal drum and dome rising 68 meters, and 18.3 meters across.
In 1888, electric lighting was installed for the Centennial International Exhibition, making it one of the first in the world that was accessible during night time.
He was also the father of the famed soprano Dame Nellie Melba, who sang at the opening of the Provisional Parliament House in Canberra in 1927.
The foundation stone was laid by Victorian governor George Bowen on 19 February 1879 and it was completed in just 18 months, opening on October 1, 1880, as the Melbourne International Exhibition.
The building consisted of a Great Hall of over 12,000 square metres, flanking lower annexes to the north on the east and west sides, and many temporary galleries between.
In the 1880s, the building hosted two major International Exhibitions: The Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880 and the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition in 1888, celebrating a century of European settlement in Australia.
The most significant event to occur in the Exhibition Building was the opening of the first Parliament of Australia on 9 May 1901, following the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January.
After the official opening, the Federal Parliament moved to the Victorian State Parliament House, while the Victorian Parliament moved to the Exhibition Building for the next 26 years.
On 3 September 1901, the Countess of Hopetoun, wife of the Governor-General, announced the winners of a competition to design the Australian National Flag.
In 1948, members of the Melbourne City Council put this to the vote and it was narrowly decided not to demolish the building.
It was a venue for the 1956 Summer Olympics, hosting the basketball, weightlifting, wrestling, and the fencing part of the modern pentathlon competitions.
Over some decades of this period it also held boat shows, car shows and other regular home and building industry shows.
It was also used during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s for State High School Matriculation and for the Victorian Certificate of Education examinations, among its various other purposes.
It was replaced with a new building on the same footprint providing more exhibition space, clad in mirror glass, in 1980.
Following the outcry over the ballroom demolition, and the appointment of new Trustees and a new Chair in 1983, the heritage of the building began to be seen as important as providing modern space for exhibitions.
The first conservation assessment of the building was undertaken by Alan Willingham in 1987, and over the following decades the Great hall was progressively renovated and restored.
In 1996, the then Premier of Victoria, Jeff Kennett, proposed the location and construction of Melbourne's State Museum in the carpark to the north, which involved the demolition of the 1960s annexes in 1997-98.
The location of the Melbourne Museum close to the Exhibition Building site was strongly opposed by the Victorian State Labor Party, the Melbourne City Council and some in the local community.
Due to the community campaign opposing the museum development, John Brumby, then State opposition leader, with the support of the Melbourne City Council, proposed the nomination of the Royal Exhibition Building for world heritage listing.
The world heritage nomination did not progress until the election of the Victorian State Labor Party as the new government in 1999.
On 1 July 2004, the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens was granted listing as a World Heritage Site, the first building in Australia to be granted this status.
The South faces will include conservation world, the dome of the Great Hall will be repaired and will create a new experience.
The Royal Exhibition Building is still in use as a commercial exhibition venue, hosting many events on a regular basis such as the Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show.
The Royal Exhibition Building is used as an exam hall for the University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne High School, Nossal High School, Mac.Robertson Girls' High School and Suzanne Cory High School.
The modern alternative is the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, which is located in Southbank to the south of the Melbourne central business district.
Chris Knox (born 2 September 1952) is a New Zealand rock and roll musician, cartoonist and movie reviewer who emerged during the punk rock era with his bands The Enemy and Toy Love.
Knox has played live in front of audiences all around New Zealand, winning a reputation for his sometimes confrontational style, and performed annually at Wellington's Bar Bodega.
He has also been an occasional television film reviewer, hosted a Television New Zealand season of classic movies, and presented two seasons of arts series New Artland.
This was the first album Knox recorded in a professional studio, rather than in his trademark DIY style, since his time with Toy Love.
Artists include Jay Reatard, David Kilgour, The Mint Chicks, Shayne Carter, Yo La Tengo, Bonnie 'Prince' Billy, Bill Callahan, The Mountain Goats, The Bats, The Chills, The Verlaines, Jeff Mangum, The Nothing (including Chris), Tall Dwarfs and Lou Barlow.
Robert Kane (born Robert Kahn ; October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998) was an American comic book writer and artist who co-created, with Bill Finger, the DC Comics character Batman.
He was inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1994 and into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996.
A high school friend of fellow cartoonist and future Spirit creator Will Eisner, Robert Kahn graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School and then legally changed his name to Robert Kane.
Finger said he offered such suggestions as giving the character a cowl and scalloped cape instead of wings; adding gloves; leaving the mask's eyeholes blank to connote mystery; and removing the bright red sections of the original costume, suggesting instead a gray-and-black color scheme.
Finger, who said he also devised the character's civilian name, Bruce Wayne, wrote the first Batman story, while Kane provided art.
Kane, who had already submitted the proposal for Batman at DC and held a contract, is the only person given an official company credit for Batman's creation.
He wrote most of the great stories and was influential in setting the style and genre other writers would emulate ...
DC Comics artists ghosting the comic-book stories now included Jack Burnley and Win Mortimer, with Robinson moving up as penciler and Fred Ray contributing some covers.
After the strip finished in 1946, Kane returned to the comic books but, unknown to DC, had hired his own personal ghosts, including Lew Schwartz and Sheldon Moldoff from 1953-1967.
According to Kane, he drew the Penguin after being inspired by the then advertising mascot of Kool cigarettes — a penguin with a top hat and cane.
He enjoyed a post-comics career in television animation, creating the characters Courageous Cat and Cool McCool, and as a painter showed his work in art galleries, although some of these paintings were produced by ghost artists.
Kane was inducted into the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996.
On October 21, 2015, for his work in motion pictures, he posthumously received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6764 Hollywood Boulevard.
Kane's work is housed in collections in New York City's Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, and St. John's University.
In their heyday, the No-Do newsreels predictably contained a good deal of propaganda and effervescent reporting in favour of the Francoist State.
They were a way in which Franco could have a monopoly over the news and supply public information, censorship and propaganda for the formation of public opinion favorable to the Spanish State.
The No-Do newsreels, tainted by their indelible association with the Francoist State, fell out of favour within a few years of Spain's transition to democratic government after Franco's death.
Maine Road holds the record for the highest attendance for a club in their normal home stadium in English club football, set in 1934 at an FA Cup sixth round match between Manchester City and Stoke City.
By Manchester City's last season at Maine Road in 2002–03, it was an all-seater stadium with a capacity of 35,150 and of haphazard design with stands of varying heights due to the ground being renovated several times over its 80-year history.
The following season Manchester City moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in East Manchester, a mile from the city centre and near Ardwick where the club originally formed in 1880.
to leave their Hyde Road ground, which did not have room for expansion and its main stand had been severely damaged by fire in 1920.
But the site was just and an available lease of 50 years was deemed too short by the club, so it was decided that City would move to Moss Side.
A City director, John Ayrton, resigned from the board later in the decade and helped to form a breakaway club, Manchester Central F.C., which played at Belle Vue.
Maine Road was originally known as Dog Kennel Lane but renamed Maine Road (after the Maine law) during the 1870s at the insistence of the Temperance movement which owned land on Dog Kennel Lane and the local authority accepted its request.
However, the Gypsy curse is likely to be an urban myth, as such stories are endemic to a number of football league grounds.
The initial layout of the ground consisted of one covered stand with a seating capacity of 10,000, and uncovered terracing on the other three sides, with gentle curves connecting the corners.
The first match at Maine Road took place on 25 August 1923 when 58,159 fans watched the home side beat Sheffield United 2–1.
The first changes to the ground took place in 1931, when the corner between the Main Stand and the Platt Lane end at the south of the ground was rebuilt to incorporate a roof.
The Maine Road match was between Manchester City and Stoke City in front of 84,569 fans in the sixth round of the FA Cup on 3 March 1934.
A decision was taken to close the turnstiles with an attendance at approximately 85,000, 3000 short of what was thought to be the maximum capacity.
Supporters witnessed a visiting Stoke team which included Stanley Matthews and City's team boasted players Frank Swift, Fred Tilson, Sam Cowan and Matt Busby.
This is the record home attendance for a domestic match and the record home attendance at a club ground, as the 1913 FA Cup final is not considered a home match for either team.
Changes at the Platt Lane end took place in 1935, extending the terracing and providing a roof for the full stand.
Further changes were planned, but suspended when Manchester City were relegated from Division One in 1938, and abandoned when World War II broke out.
The stadium was shared by Manchester United after the Second World War as Manchester United's Old Trafford ground had been damaged during the Manchester Blitz.
The highest attendance for a league game at Maine Road occurred during this period, when 83,260 people watched Manchester United play Arsenal on 17 January 1948.
Maine Road was also used by Manchester United to host three of their four home games in the 1956–57 European Cup.
Floodlights were installed in 1953, and in 1957, prompted by the hosting of two FA Cup semi-finals in successive years, the side facing the Main Stand (which until that time was generally known as the Popular Side) was redeveloped and named the Kippax Stand after a nearby street.
Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, the Kippax became the part of the ground where the club's most vociferous fans congregated.
In 1963, benches were installed at the Platt Lane end, meaning that Maine Road had more seats than any other English club ground of the time.
The next major redevelopment came in the 1970s, with the construction of the North Stand, a cantilevered stand which remained in place until the closure of Maine Road.
The 1980s saw ambitious plans for improvements: however, these plans were shelved due to financial pressures after the Main Stand roof had been replaced at a cost of £1 million.
By 1990, some areas of the ground were becoming outdated, and there was the need for the stadium to become all-seater following the outcome of the Taylor Report in January that year, and the Platt Lane stand was demolished in 1992.
The era of standing accommodation at Maine Road came to an end in May 1994 as the stadium became all-seater to comply with the requirements of the Taylor Report, with the demolition of the Kippax Street Terrace, which unusually for an all-standing area was located at the side of the pitch instead of behind the goals.
A three-tier stand was built in its place, holding nearly 14,000 spectators, and on its completion in October 1995 it was the tallest stand in the country, built at a cost of £16million, four times the turnover of the club according to then-chairman Francis Lee.
The revamp of the Kippax was the second phase of a five-part development plan that would have cost £40million and increased the stadium's capacity to 45,024.
However the club abandoned these plans as City were relegated from the Premier League in 1996 and from Division One two years later.
The new stand was an impressive modern facility, but it also emphasised the haphazard nature in which the ground had been redeveloped, as all four sides were of differing heights and construction styles.
There were further plans for expansion which would have taken the stadium's capacity to 45,000, but these were put on hold following City's relegation from the Premier League in 1996.
There were plans for further expansion at Maine Road to take the capacity to an all-seated 45,000, but these were abandoned in favour of a move to the City of Manchester Stadium built for the Commonwealth Games in 2002.
The final competitive match before the closure of the stadium took place on 11 May 2003 with a Premiership match against Southampton.
Tickets were sold upwards of £250 and a crowd of 34,957, about 100 off maximum capacity filled Maine Road for the final day.
City's final goal at the stadium was scored on 21 April 2003 by Marc-Vivien Foé during a 3–0 victory over Sunderland.
Forty-five days later, the player died on 26 June from an undetected heart condition while representing the Cameroon national football team during the 2003 Confederations Cup.
An auction of the ground's fixtures and fittings took place in July 2003, raising £100,000, which was donated to community projects in the Moss Side area, which was undergoing a lengthy regeneration process.
The two penalty spots and the centre spot were thought to be the most desired mementos, but all three had been cut out from the grass before the auction took place.
The auction lasted for seven hours and 1,000 supporters attended the auction with interest from clubs such as Preston North End and Norwich City for the bigger lots which could be reused.
Towards the end of Maine Road's lifespan there were proposals for other sports teams to make use of the stadium following City's relocation; Stockport County once expressed interest in moving there from Edgeley Park, and in December 2000 Sale Sharks rugby union club was offered a lease for the stadium.
However, none of the proposals came to fruition and some past City players stated their dismay at the stadium not being renovated for mixed-use sport stadium.
Two years later the go-ahead was given for a new housing development to take part on the site, consisting of 474 homes.
There is a public art display commemorating the stadium and features a circular plate half open, symbolising the centre spot and the new emerging development which now sits on the Maine Road stadium.
However, the width was changed several times by managers wishing to alter the pitch size to suit their style of play.
In the final season before the ground was closed, the pitch size was 107 x 71 metres (116.5 x 78 yards).
Maine Road hosted two England internationals, the first was a 3–0 defeat of Wales on 13 November 1946 and the second a 9–2 win over Northern Ireland on 16 November 1949, England's first ever World Cup qualifier.
Maine Road was also the venue for a number of rugby league matches, hosting the Rugby Football League Championship Final eleven times between 1938 and 1956.
Maine Road hosted Manchester United's first three home games of the 1956–57 European Cup, as Old Trafford didn't have floodlights installed and so wasn't deemed suitable to host matches in the tournament.
The first European match at the ground saw United thrash Belgian champions RSC Anderlecht 10–0 in the preliminary round, a competition record which lasted for 17 years.
It hosted many FA Cup semi-finals, the last being in April 1994 when Manchester United beat Oldham Athletic 4–1 in a replay.
The stadium has hosted concerts by many famous artists, including Bryan Adams, Bon Jovi, David Bowie, David Cassidy, Dire Straits, Faith No More, Fleetwood Mac, Guns N' Roses, Jean Michel Jarre, The New Power Generation, Oasis, Pink Floyd, Prince, Queen, Soundgarden, The Rolling Stones, Simple Minds and Mavis Staples, among others.
In June 1961, the American Christian evangelist Billy Graham attracted over 100,000 people to the stadium, over the course of four nights, as part of his UK tour.
The club, who currently play in the North West Counties Football League Division One, was founded by a group of Manchester City supporters in 1955.
Regalianus (died 260) was a Dacian general who turned against the Roman Empire and became himself emperor for a brief period, being murdered by the hands who raised him to power.
After the defeat and capture of Valerian in the east (260), the border populations felt insecure, and elected their own emperors to guarantee they would have leaders against the foreign threats.
The population and the army of the province of Pannonia had chosen Ingenuus, and elected him emperor, but the lawful emperor, Gallienus, had defeated the usurper.
Born in Harlem, New York, to African American Shakespearean actor Bill Robinson and his European American wife Marianne, a folk singer, Vicki Sue Robinson was reared in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for most of her early years, returning with her family to New York City when she was 10.
She gave her first public performance in 1960 at the age of six, when she accompanied her mother on stage at the Philadelphia Folk Festival.
In 2011, Gold Legion.com digitally remastered and reissued Robinson's four albums for RCA Records on CD along with bonus tracks and liner notes.
She also performed at the top venues around the country such as the Boarding House in San Francisco, The Starwood, in Los Angeles, The Bottom Line, Felt Forum, and Carnegie Hall in New York.
She also established herself as a career jingle singer for such products as Wrigley's Doublemint chewing gum, Maybelline Cosmetics, Downy fabric softener, Hanes underwear, New York Bell, and Folger's coffee.
A resurgence of interest in disco music by the mid 1990s led Robinson, along with fellow disco veterans KC and the Sunshine Band, Thelma Houston, Gloria Gaynor and The Village People to embark on a well-received world tour.
ATV is a television station in Melbourne, Australia, part of Network 10 – one of the three major Australian free-to-air commercial television networks.
In April 1963, the licence to operate Melbourne's third commercial television station was awarded to Austarama Television, owned by transport magnate Sir Reginald Ansett.
In 1964, under Reg Ansett, ATV-0 opened their studios in Nunawading, which was at the time the first purpose-built commercial television station in Melbourne.
It was also the studio where the first ever colour broadcast in Australia would be filmed, leading to its consideration for heritage status in 2018.
ATV had been experimenting with colour transmissions from 1967, when the station was the first to mount a colour outside broadcast in Australia, from the Pakenham races.
Rupert Murdoch gained a controlling interest in Sydney television station TEN-10 in 1979 and had bought a controlling stake in transport company Ansett, owner of Austarama Television (licensee of ATV-0).
That triggered a government inquiry into media ownership, the main concern being Murdoch having a controlling interest in television stations in Australia's two largest cities, ignoring the fact that the Kerry Packer-owned Australian Consolidated Press had controlled the Nine Network channels in Melbourne and Sydney for many years.
Due to problems in reception and falling ratings, and the desire to move TV stations out of the VHF band so as to enable FM radio in Australia, the station moved frequency and call-sign from ATV-0 to ATV-10, after getting the agreement of neighbouring Gippsland station GLV-10 to change its frequency to become GLV-8.
Wendt left the channel in 1981 with Charles Slade replacing her and was later replaced by Jo Pearson, who served till 1988, joined by Mal Walden in 1987 and by the next year by Tracey Curro.
On 7 September 1992, ATV-10 relocated from the station's famous Nunawading studios to the Como Centre in inner suburban South Yarra.
On 10 December 2013, at 9:00:01am ATV-10 became one of the last stations in Australia to switch off its analog TV signal being the last Network 10 station and 4th last in the whole country of Australia to convert to Digital only Transmission, the switch was flicked by Bob Rosenthal a retired TEN Engineer who 33 years earlier was there to switch ATV-0 over to ATV-10.
The station's initial news format on weeknights was a 45-minute bulletin starting at 6.15pm, aimed at competing with the 30-minute bulletins offered by rival stations GTV-9 and HSV-7.
The flagship weeknight bulletin was formerly presented by David Johnston, who was replaced by Mal Walden following his move to HSV-7 in 1996.
Co-presenter Jennifer Hansen, who with Walden formed one of the longest-serving news duos in Australian television history, was replaced by Helen Kapalos in 2006.
The cantonal capital is Zenica and the other town mentioned in the name is Doboj, which is in Republika Srpska, but part of the former Doboj municipality is in the Zenica-Doboj Canton.
The company controls the American biotechnology company Genentech, which is a wholly owned affiliate, and the Japanese biotechnology company Chugai Pharmaceuticals, as well as the United States-based Ventana.
Descendants of the founding Hoffmann and Oeri families own slightly over half of the bearer shares with voting rights (a pool of family shareholders 45%, and Maja Oeri a further 5% apart), with Swiss pharma firm Novartis owning a further third of its shares.
In 1976, an accident at a chemical factory in Seveso, Italy, owned by a subsidiary of Roche, caused a large dioxin contamination; see Seveso disaster.
That year Hoffmann-La Roche then merged it with all of its laboratories, and incorporated the merged company as Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. in Burlington.
By the early 1990s, Roche Biomedical became one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the United States, with 20 major laboratories and US$600 million in sales.
In 1995 the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated by the United States FDA's approval of Hoffman LaRoche's HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir.
Within 2 years of its approval (and that of ritonavir 4 months later) annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000 On 28 April 1995 Hoffmann-La Roche sold Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. to National Health Laboratories Holdings Inc. (which then changed its name to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings).
Roche purchased the rights to the drug in 1996 and in 2005 settled a royalty dispute, agreeing to pay Gilead tiered royalties of 14–22% of annual net sales without adjusting the payments for manufacturing costs, as had been allowedin the original licensing agreement.
Also in 2005, Roche acquired the Swiss company GlycArt Biotechnology in order to acquire technology to afucosylate antibodies; one of its products in development was obinutuzumab, which gained FDA approval in November 2013 for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
On 12 March 2009 Roche agreed to fully acquire Genentech, in which it had held a majority stake since 1990, after 8 months of negotiations.
As a result of the Genentech acquisition, Roche closed its Palo Alto based research facilities and moved them to their campus that straddles the border between Clifton, New Jersey and Nutley, New Jersey while Roche's United States headquarters, located on the site since 1929, was moved to Genentech's facility in South San Francisco.
In December, Roche announced it would acquire Munich-based Verum Diagnostica GmbH, gaining entry to the fastest-growing field in the coagulation diagnostics market.
On 7 April 2014, Roche announced its intention to acquire IQuum for up to $450 million, as well as the rights to an experimental drug (ORY-1001) from Spanish company Oryzon Genomics for $21 million and up to $500 million in milestone payments.
In August 2014, the company agreed to purchase Californian-based pharmaceutical firm InterMune for $8.3 billion, at $74 a share this represents a 38% premium over the final share closing price, as well as Santaris Pharma A/S for $450 million.
In December 2014, the company acquired next-generation sequencing processing company Bina Technologies for an undisclosed sum and Dutalys GmbH a developer of next-generation anti-bodies.
On 16 January 2015, the company announced that they would acquire Trophos for €470 million ($543 million) in order to increase the company's neuromuscular disease presence.
In April 2015, Roche acquired CAPP Medical, and its chief development of technology for cancer screening and monitoring via the detection of circulating tumor DNA.
In August, the company announced its intention to acquire GeneWEAVE , Inc. for up to $425 million in order to strengthen its microbial diagnostics business.
In January 2016, the company announced it would acquire Tensha Therapeutics for $115 million upfront, with $420 million in contingent payments.
In February 2018, Roche announced it would acquire Flatiron Health, a business specialising in US cancer data analytics, for $1.9 billion.
In June of the same year the company announced it would acquire the outstanding shares of Foundation Medicine for $2.4 billion ($137 per share).
Later in September Roche announced its intention to acquire Tusk Therapeutics for up to €655 million ($759 million) expanding Roche's oncology pipeline.
Tusk announced that the anti-CD38 antibody it is developing will be spun off to form a new company, Black Belt Therapeutics.
In late November, the company announced that Genentech would acquire Jecure Therapeutics, gaining access to Jecure's portfolio of NLRP3 inhibitors developed to fight inflammatory diseases like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.
In February 2019, the business announced it would acquire gene therapy company, Spark Therapeutics, for ($114.50 per share) adding Spark's gene therapy portfolio to its previous acquired assets.
The offer to acquire Spark Therapeutics was extended to May 2019 after Roche was unable to garner majority support from Spark shareholders.
A second gene therapy-related action came in December with the acquisition of non-United States rights to an investigational duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy developed by Sarepta Therapeutics.
In November Roche acquired Promedior and its lead treatment - PRM-151 - for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, for $390 million upfront and another $1 billion in milestone payments.
Diabetes management products produced by Roche under the Accu-Chek brand include Accu-Chek Mobile, Accu-Chek Aviva, Accu-Chek Compact Plus, Accu-Chek Aviva Expert, Accu-Chek Active, Accu-Chek Advantage, Accu-Chek Performa, Accu-Chek Aviva Nano, Accu-Chek Performa Nano blood glucose monitors.
Stanley Adams, Roche's World Product Manager in Basel, contacted the European Economic Community in 1973 with evidence that Roche had been breaking antitrust laws, engaging in price fixing and market sharing for vitamins with its competitors.
Roche was fined accordingly, but a bungle on the part of the EEC allowed the company to discover that it was Adams who had blown the whistle.
In 1999 the firm pleaded guilty to participation in a worldwide conspiracy to raise and fix prices for vitamins sold in the US and globally.
In addition to internal research and development activities F. Hoffmann-La Roche is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners.
The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative of EFPIA and the European Commission.
Tall Dwarfs are a New Zealand rock band formed in 1981 by Chris Knox and Alec Bathgate, who helped pioneer the lo-fi style of rock music.
Bands who have claimed to be influenced by the Tall Dwarfs include Elf Power, Neutral Milk Hotel and Olivia Tremor Control.
It produces mostly red wine from the Syrah grape; however, small quantities of white wine are also produced from Roussane and Marsanne grapes.
The chapel on top was built in honor of Saint Christopher and today is owned by the negociant Paul Jaboulet Âiné.
Louis XIII made the wine a wine of the court after being offered a glass during a visit to the region in 1642.
Louis XIV presented King Charles II of England with 200 casks of fine wine including examples from Hermitage, Champagne and Burgundy.
The vines grow on the south west side of a steep granite hill facing the afternoon sun and can be divided into a number of smaller vineyards.
Syrah is the primary red grape of Hermitage, mostly used on its own although the appellation rules do allow the addition of 15% or less of Marsanne and/or Roussanne grapes.
Because of the high levels of tannin they are usually aged longer than American or Australian Syrahs and are often cellared up to 40 years.
The town is a popular summer vacation spot for northern Europeans, who are attracted to its sand beaches and the historical sites which date back to the time of the Vikings.
The peninsula on which the town is situated is unique because it is surrounded by two different seas: Öresund and The Baltic Sea.
For example, several architects can build a house in the same virtual environment using their own computers, even if they are using different software.
Verse is designed to use the capacity of one or multiple computers over the Internet: for example, allowing a user with a hand-held computer in Spain to work with the rendering power of a supercomputer in Japan.
Its principles are very general, allowing its use in contexts that are advantageous to collaboration such as gaming and visual presentations.
The Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), with several collaborators including the Interactive Institute, set up an EU project called Uni-Verse.
The EU Commission granted them nearly SEK 18 million over the next several years to develop a system for graphics, sound, and acoustics using Verse and making it into an Open Source platform.
He followed Valerian during his ultimately catastrophic campaign against the Persians in 259 or 260; however, he remained at Samosata during the fatal battle of Edessa and his role in the events before and after the battle is questionable.
After Valerian's capture by Sassanid Emperor Shapur I, Valerian's son Gallienus became sole emperor, but was occupied with his own problems in the West.
With the support of Callistus, one of Valerian's military commanders, and with the influence that possession of the treasury of Valerian brought, Macrianus managed to have his two sons Macrianus and Quietus elevated to the throne.
Macrianus Major and Minor marched the eastern army from Asia to Europe, but were defeated in Thrace in 261 by Aureolus.
There are two public tennis courts and beaches, and a nine-hole golf course at the Peterborough Golf Club on Schomberg Road.
Many ships have been wrecked in the vicinity, due to limestone cliffs eroding away and leaving patches of harder rock concealed just under the waves quite a distance out to sea.
It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, and is available commercially in anhydrous form and as the monohydrate (LiOHHO).
The oxidolithium anion, LiO, was produced by successive decarboxylation and decarbonylation of monolithium oxalate anion, LiO(C=O)(C=O)O, by collision-induced dissociation and was identified by its exact mass.
The gas-phase acidity of LiOH was inferred from the experimentally determined electron affinity of LiO• and previously known heats of formation to give a value of 426 ± 2 kcal/mol.
A popular lithium grease thickener is Lithium 12-hydroxystearate, which produces a general-purpose lubricating grease due to its high resistance to water and usefulness at a range of temperatures.
Domain name scams are types of Intellectual property scams or confidence scams in which unscrupulous domain name registrars attempt to generate revenue by tricking businesses into buying, selling, listing or converting a domain name.
Domain slamming (also known as unauthorized transfers or domain name registration scams) is a scam in which the offending domain name registrar attempts to trick domain owners into switching from their existing registrar to theirs, under the pretense that the customer is simply renewing their subscription to their current registrar.
Scam methods may operate in reverse, with a stranger (not the registrar) communicating an offer to buy a domain name from an unwary owner.
The offer is not genuine, but intended to lure the owner into a false sales process, with the owner eventually pressed to send money in advance to the scammer for appraisal fees or other purported services.
The prospect of an easy, lucrative sale disarms the owner's normal suspicion of an unsolicited offer from a stranger with no earnest value.
Since an actual transfer through the registration system is never involved, legal safeguards built into the official transfer process provide no protection.
Although less common than domain slamming, another domain name scam primarily coming from registrars based in China involves sending domain owners an e-mail claiming that another company has just attempted to register a number of domains with them which contain the targeted domain owner's trademark or has many keyword similarities to their existing domain name.
Often, these domains will be the same as the one(s) owned by the targeted individual but with different TLDs (top-level domains).
The scammer will claim to have halted the bulk registration in order to protect the targeted individual's intellectual property, and if the email recipient doesn't recognize the entity attempting to register these domain names, that they should respond immediately to protect their trademark.
If the scam target does respond by email or by phone, the scammer will then try to get them to register these domain names for several years upfront with the registrar running this scam.
Other variations of this type of scam include registrars that target their own existing customers with similar made-up threats of another entity trying to register the same domain as theirs under different TLDs.
As well, some domainers are known to search for available TLDs for already registered domains, then emailing the owner of the registered domain and offering to sell the unregistered variations to him/her for a marked up amount.
If the target agrees to the deal, the domainer will then purchase the domains on the spot for the regular $7~20 registration fee and immediately sell it back to the victim for a few hundred dollars.
This section outlines reported domain scams as a timeline of events, showing how they have evolved, the companies involved and the outcome of complaints.
Bowie and Visconti took those tracks and worked those into about 7 songs, before adding overdubs like rhythm guitars and keyboards.
Things that they regarded as truths seem to have just melted away, and it's almost as if we're thinking post-philosophically now.
It's direct, warm, emotional honest, even and the surfeit of pleasingly deceptive musical simplicity allows the irony of the central concept – that there is no such thing as reality anymore – an opportunity to filter through.
The standard release was a single jewel case CD version, followed by the CD with a bonus CD of three tracks in digipak format as well as a European gatefold limited edition version with a bonus CD of eight tracks.
The album was then released as a multichannel hybrid SACD, and then reissued with a bonus live DVD recorded in London.
The CD side contains the album, whereas the DVD side contains the album in 5.1 surround sound and bonus material (photo gallery, lyrics, biography, and discography).
The original test marketed DualDisc version differs in packaging and in the design on the inlay card from the version that was later released nationwide.
In the kidney, the loop of Henle () (or Henle's loop, Henle loop, nephron loop or its Latin counterpart ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
Named after its discoverer, the German anatomist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, the loop of Henle's main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
By means of a countercurrent multiplier system, which uses electrolyte pumps, the loop of Henle creates an area of high urea concentration deep in the medulla, near the papillary duct in the collecting duct system.
Water present in the filtrate in the papillary duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the duct, moving passively down its concentration gradient.
The low bloodflow through the vasa recta allows time for osmotic equilibration, and can be altered by changing the resistance of the vessels' efferent arterioles.
The fluid is isotonic because as ions are reabsorbed by the gradient time system, water is also reabsorbed maintaining the osmolarity of the fluid in the PCT.
Since water is also reabsorbed the volume of fluid in the loop of Henle is less than the PCT, approximately one-third of the original volume.
The interstitium of the kidney increases in osmolarity outside as the loop of Henle descends from 600 mOsm/L in the outer medulla of the kidney to 1200 mOsm/L in the inner medulla.
The descending portion of the loop of Henle is extremely permeable to water and is less permeable to ions, therefore water is easily reabsorbed here and solutes are not readily reabsorbed.
The 300 mOsm/L fluid from the loop loses water to the higher concentration outside the loop and increases in tonicity until it reaches its maximum at the bottom of the loop.
This area represents the highest concentration in the nephron, but the collecting duct can reach this same tonicity with maximum ADH effect.
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle receives an even lower volume of fluid and has different characteristics compared to the descending limb.
In the ascending portion, the loop becomes impermeable to water and the cells of the loop actively reabsorb solutes from the luminal fluid; therefore water is not reabsorbed and ions are readily reabsorbed.
As ions leave the lumen via the Na-K-2Cl symporter and the Na-H antiporter, the concentration becomes more and more hypotonic until it reaches approximately 100-150 mOsm/L.
The ascending limb is also called the diluting segment of the nephron because of its ability to dilute the fluid in the loop from 1200 mOsm/L to 100 mOsm/L.
Overall the loop of Henle reabsorbs around 25% of filtered ions and 20% of the filtered water in a normal kidney.
Then the Na/K ATPase will pump 3 Na out into the peritubular fluid and 2 K into the cell on the non-lumen side of the cell.
This gives the lumen of the fluid in the loop a positive charge in comparison and creates a Na concentration gradient, which both push more Na into the cell via the Na-H antiporter.
The hydrogen ion for the antiporter comes from the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which takes water and carbon dioxide and forms bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion.
The Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service (RMAS) was a British Government agency which ran a variety of auxiliary vessels for Her Majesty's Naval Service (incl.
The Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service merged with the former Port Auxiliary Service in 1976 to form a component of Her Majesty's Naval Service that was known as marine services.
In the 1990s, marine services were put out to commercial tender by the Ministry of Defence Warship Support Agency (now absorbed into the Defence Equipment and Support organisation) and by 1996, all tugs, lifting craft, various tenders and management of HMNB Devonport, Portsmouth and Clyde were operated by Serco Denholm.
By the mid 2000s, it was decided that the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service would no longer provide marine services to HM Naval Service, and it would instead be delivered under a Private Finance Initiative instead.
A number of the vessels listed below were later transferred over to Serco Marine Services who continue to provide 'marine services' in support of Her Majesty's Naval Service.
Despite going into the studio with no material ready, the album took only weeks to record (typical for a Bowie album).
On the snare drum stuff, Zac [Alford] went away and did his own loops and worked out all kinds of strange timings and rhythms.
But Brian Eno got in the way - in the nicest possible way - so we didn't get to that until this album.
The album's cover features a photograph of Bowie wearing a Union Jack-based coat designed by Alexander McQueen, who had previously designed stage costumes for Bowie and his band.
A Mandarin version of the song ‘Seven Years in Tibet’ topped the charts in Hong Kong marking Bowie as the first non-Asian artist to reach number 1 in that territory.
On 9 January 1997, the day after he turned 50, Bowie held a 50th birthday concert for himself, performing tracks off the album, as well as a selection of songs from his back catalogue.
Bowie was joined onstage by artists including Billy Corgan, Foo Fighters, Sonic Youth, Black Francis, Robert Smith and Lou Reed, to perform many of his songs.
Other non-performing guests included Beck, Moby, Julian Schnabel, Prince, Charlie Sexton, Fred Schneider, Christopher Walken, Matt Dillon and Bowie's wife Iman.
The event was recorded for a pay-per-view special commemorating the event, and a portion of the proceeds from the event were donated to the charity Save the Children.
Bowie went back on the road in support of this album, with his Earthling Tour taking place between May 1997 and the end of the year.
Alexander Kuzminykh, a 19-year-old seaman who was being detained on punishment charges, broke out from his quarters, killed his guard by stabbing him with a chisel, then seized his AKS-74U assault rifle and shot dead five more sailors.
He barricaded himself in the torpedo room, and for 20 hours repeatedly threatened to set a fire to detonate the torpedoes.
The situation remained a standoff until early on the morning of 12 September, when a special anti-terrorist commando unit of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) stormed the torpedo room.
Kuzminykh was found fit when he was conscripted at a St. Petersburg enlistment office, even though he had suffered from a mental disorder and had been inhaling intoxicants.
Whiplash is the stereotypical villain in the style of stock characters found in silent movies and earlier stage melodrama, wearing black clothing and a top hat and with a handlebar moustache.
On one occasion Whiplash and Do-Right changed hats; Do-Right became the criminal supervillain who actually succeeds at crime and Whiplash became the RCMP hero for capturing the evil Do-Right.
The scene of Nell being tied to railroad tracks is an old running gag - Gloria Swanson was featured in a similar scene in a 1917 movie short.
The Royal Danish Air Force () (RDAF) is the aerial warfare force of Denmark and one of the four branches of the Danish Defence.
It main purpose is to serve as enforcer of Danish airspace and to provide air support to Danish group troops on the battlefield.
The Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF) was formed as a military service independent from the army and navy in 1950 from the merger of the Danish Army Air Corps () founded on 2 July 1912 and the Danish Naval Air Service () which had been founded on 14 December 1911.
All military aviation had been prohibited during the Nazi occupation from 1940 to 1945 and so as of V-E Day the Danish armed forces had no aircraft, but the Luftwaffe had built or expanded air bases in Denmark.
Førslev, who had previously served as a colonel in the army and as first commander of the Danish Army Air Corps.
The national command was located at Værløse Air Base which also served as Command East, while Command West was located at Karup in central Jutland.
Royal Air Force volunteer and former member of the Free Norwegian Forces in England, Kaj Birksted, was appointed chief of the flying staff.
The rivalries and mutual disrespect between the established officer Førslev, who had never been in air combat himself, and the experienced fighter ace Birksted led to a series of misunderstandings which delayed the operationalization of the air force.
XI in 1947–48 plus four additional airframes for ground instruction, which were operated by units of the Hærens Flyvertropper and Marinens Flyvevæsen prior to their merger, and by the Royal Danish Air Force until 1956, when the last examples were retired and all but two scrapped.
The air force received six F-84E Thunderjet and 238 F-84G Thunderjet as military aid from the US, and formed five new squadrons (726 to 730) at Karup Air Base from 1952 to 1954.
The rapid expansion caused problems as neither two-seaters nor flight simulators were available, causing 89 crashed F-84's and 40 pilot casualties.
Some casualties were due to the lack of experience in the newly formed air force while others stemmed from the tactics introduced by American WWII and Korean War-veterans based on fast and low flying attacks to avoid anti-aircraft fire.
To avoid further casualties the air force established a training squadron of two-seated T-33As in 1956 to train US-educated pilots to navigate under local weather conditions.
Furthermore, Eskadrille 722 was changed to function as rescue squadron in 1956 and was strengthened by seven Sikorsky S-55 helicopters in 1957.
Finally, Air Chief Marshal Hugh Saunders from Royal Air Force was employed in 1954 to reorganize the air force which led to the merger of Command East and West, forming Flyvertaktisk Kommando (Air Tactical Command) with the initial mission to lower the number of crashes during training.
They were to defend Copenhagen against Soviet ballistic missiles and high altitude bombers and based as Eskadrille 531 in Gunderød, Eskadrille 532 at Kongelunden on Amager, Eskadrille 533 in Sigerslev and Eskadrille 534 in Tune.
In 1965 four batteries of Hawk missiles were deployed close to the Nike batteries to protect them from low altitude aircraft.
Ever since 1966 the Danish government had started looking for an aircraft to replace two squadrons of Republic RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance aircraft and North American F-100 Super Sabre fighter/ground attacker aircraft.
A number of candidates were considered and these were: the Douglas A-4F Skyhawk, Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter, Vought A-7 Corsair II, Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, Dassault Mirage III/5 and Saab's Draken.
The F-5 and Mirage 5 were the favourites while the Draken was one of the least popular since it had poor payload/range performance and could not carry heavy weapon loads.
In response to the Kongelige Danske Flyvevåben's (Royal Danish Air Force's) initial dislike, Saab decided to create a new Draken variant that would put it on the top of the competition shortlist.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the RDAF operated a number of US financed Lockheed F-104G Starfighters, North American F-100D and F-100F Super Sabres, and several other types.
The first Danish Draken, designated F35, delivery took place on 1 September 1970 when three F35s were delivered to Karup Air Base.
In 1971, the Danish army created the Royal Danish Army Flying Service as the first air-unit outside the air force, since its creation in 1950.
In 1977 the Danish Naval Air Squadron was extracted from squadron 722 to the Danish navy, and it had ship-based helicopters.
In a joint arms purchase four NATO countries: Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium introduced the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon as their common strike fighter in January 1980.
The F-16 was later bought by additional NATO countries, Greece and Turkey, and the United States of America, also a NATO member operates the F-16.
In 1990, the Danish Army Air Corps purchases 12 Eurocopter Fennec lightweight attack helicopters to strengthen capabilities to perform expeditionary mission.
In 1992, during the Yugoslavian civil wars, the RDAF C-130 Hercules aircraft were used for transport of the 900 Danish troops participating in the UN-led mission to the Balkans.
The Gulfstreams were replaced by Challenger planes the following year, when the Danish government ordered the three Challengers in current use.
In 2002, Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Team, and eventually up to 48 F-35s could be bought to replace the F-16s.
In October 2002, a tri-national detachment of 18 Danish, Dutch, and Norwegian F-16 fighter-bombers, with one Dutch KC-10 tanker, flew to the Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan, in support of the NATO ground forces in Afghanistan as part of the Operation Enduring Freedom.
In 2004, the older C-130H Hercules fleet of three transport aircraft (bought by the government in 1973) was replaced by three of the more-advanced and stretched C-130J transport aircraft.
Despite the modifications and improvements, the Danish air force is considering the replacement of 30 F-16s with a more advanced fighter.
In 2006, the air force signed a letter of intent to purchase several of the Boeing Integrated Defense C-17 Globemaster III.
That order needs to be confirmed, but it is to be made on the basis of the formation of a shared NATO C-17 air fleet to support international deployments.
The United States and the United Kingdom have already bought numerous C-17s, and several other NATO countries are considering doing so, too.
In June 2007, Denmark's six EH101 transport helicopters were transferred to the British Royal Air Force to meet an urgent British requirement for additional transport helicopters.
The Danish Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organization (DALO), short listed five helicopters as potential replacements for the Lynx with around 12 new naval helicopters needed.
The Sikorsky/Lockheed MH-60R, the NH90/NFH, H-92, AW159 and AW101 were on the short list and a Request For Proposal was issued on 30 September 2010.
In 2014, RDAF flew F-16 fighter jets in Greenland for the first time, testing the operational capabilities of maintaining sovereignty of the vast arctic airspace.
In 2005 the RDAF requested information about the possible procurement of a replacement for the F-16 fighter aircraft from the producers of the Gripen, Rafale, Eurofighter and Joint Strike Fighter, to which the RDAF has been a partner since 1997.
Due to this fact Rafale-producer, Dassault Aviation, decided not to participate in the information round as they considered it to be biased towards the JSF option.
After several delays, a request for binding information was sent to the four candidates in April 2014 expecting a final decision in mid-2015.
Beginning in 1987 Fokker in the Netherlands built a further 8x F-16A and 4x F-16B for the Royal Danish Air Force.
In 1994 the Air Force received 3x F-16A and in 1997 a further 3x F-16A and 1x F-16B from surplus USAF stocks.
Macrianus, his father and his brother Quietus, were in Mesopotamia in 260, for the Sassanid campaign of Emperor Valerian, when the Roman army was defeated, and the emperor was captured.
With help from his father, who kept the imperial treasure, and by the influence of Balista, Valerian's praefect, Macrianus gained the imperial office together with his brother Quietus, through the election by the army, in contrast with the lawful Emperor Gallienus, son and co-emperor with Valerian, who was far in the West.
The two emperors and brothers were recognized in the eastern part of the Empire, having a stronghold in Egypt, the grain supplying province for the city of Rome.
After having temporarily secured the Persian frontier, Macrianus Major and Macrianus Minor moved to the West to attack and eliminate their rival Gallienus.
According to the esoteric doctrine of the , whereas Buddhas represent pure concepts and bodhisattvas teach through compassion, Wisdom Kings are and teach through fear, shocking nonbelievers into faith.
As mentioned above, Wisdom Kings are usually represented as wrathful deities, often with blue skin, multiple arms, sometimes with many faces, and even many legs.
In the Americas, the fortresses were built to protect against pirates and rival colonists, as well as against resistance from Native Americans.
The presidios of Spanish-Philippines in particular, were centers where the martial art of Arnis de Mano was developed, combining Filipino, Latin-American and Spanish fighting techniques.
Later in western North America, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions like the Presidio de Sonoma, at Sonoma, California, and the Presidio de Calabasas, in Arizona.
This was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison.
These types of deities first appeared in India during the late 6th century with its main source being the Yaksha imagery and became a central feature of Indian Tantric Buddhism by the late 10th or early 11th century.
In non-Tantric traditions of Mahayana Buddhism, these beings are protector deities who destroy obstacles to the Buddhas and the Dharma, act as guardians against demons and gather together sentient beings to listen to the teachings of the Buddhas.
They also represent the energy and power that is needed in order to transform negative mental factors into wisdom and compassion.
They represent the power and compassion of enlightened activity which uses multiple skillful means (upaya) to guide sentient beings as well as the transformative element of tantra which uses negative emotions as part of the path.
In Tantric Buddhist art, fierce deities are presented as terrifying, demonic looking beings adorned with human skulls and other ornaments associated with the charnel ground, as well as being often depicted with sexually suggestive attributes.
Comprising over 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km²) of land, it ran for 200 miles (300 km) along the border with New Mexico, varying in width from 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 km).
In 1882, in a special legislative session, the 17th Texas Legislature struck a bargain with Charles B. and John V. Farwell of Chicago, Illinois, under which a syndicate led by the Farwells, with mostly British investors, agreed to build a new Texas State Capitol in Austin and to accept the 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km²) of Panhandle land as payment.
The ranch stretched across all or portions of Dallam, Hartley, Oldham, Deaf Smith, Parmer, Castro, Bailey, Lamb, Cochran, and Hockley Counties.
Though Mathias Schnell won the contract for constructing the new building in January 1882, by May he had assigned all interest to Taylor, Babcock and Company.
This company was composed of Col. Abner Taylor of Chicago, Col. A.C. Babcock of Canton, and John V. and Charles B. Farwell of Chicago.
Babcock inspected the Capitol Tract that same year, setting out from Tascosa on 23 March and arriving at the Yellow Houses on 27 April.
Munson survey, used to define the capitol lands, used the northwest boundary of the state defined by John H. Clark's 1859 survey.
Clark's line defining the 103rd meridian, approved by Congress in 1891, turned out to be about one half mile west of the true meridian.
The issue was not settled until John V. Farwell and President Taft were instrumental in passing a 16 Feb. 1911 joint resolution by Congress honoring the Clark line.
In order to raise the capital needed to fence the ranch, build houses and barns, provide water, and purchase the cattle, John V. Farwell formed the Capitol Freehold Land and Investment Company, Limited, in London.
Directors of the company included John V. and Charles B. Farwell, Walter Potter, Henry Seton-Karr, Sir William Ewart, Edward M. Denny, Baron Thurlow, and the Marquis of Tweeddale, while the Earl of Aberdeen and Quintin Hogg were Trustees.
Mabry surveyed in the four-wire barbed wire fence line, and by 1886, 781 miles of fence were in place, including a 260 mile long west line and a 275 mile long east line.
Though the northern portion of the ranch had plenty of water near Buffalo Springs, the portion south of the Canadian River needed wells, which were also surveyed in by W.S.
By 1900, the ranch had 335 windmills averaging 34 feet high, with 12–18 foot wheels, producing water from an average depth of 125 feet.
Each calf was branded with XIT on its side, the last numeral of the year on its shoulder, and the number of the division on its jaw.
The ranch was initially divided into 7 division headquarters, located at (1) Buffalo Springs, (2) Middle Water, (3) Ojo Bravo, (4) Rito Blanco, (5) Escarbada, (6) Spring Lake, and (7) Yellow Houses, with (8) Bovina added later.
Large warehouses were maintained at Tascosa in 1887, after the introduction of the Fort Worth and Denver Railroad, and in Bovina, after it was connected to the J.J. Hagerman's Pecos Valley and Northeastern Railroad in 1898.
Each division wrote a monthly report and an annual report containing details about the cattle, range weather, and the men employed.
Buffalo Springs became the steer ranch, Middle Water the cull ranch, while Ojo Bravo, Escarbada, Spring Lake and Yellow Houses became breeding ranges.
Afterwards, the Northern Trail connected Buffalo Springs to the XIT range on Cedar Creek, 60 miles north of Miles City, Montana.
Over a period of 3 months, some 10,000 to 12,500 steers were moved from the Yellow Houses 1000 miles north to Cedar Creek.
Though the original stock consisted of Texas Longhorn cattle, in 1889, work started to improve the herd by introducing Hereford cattle and Polled Angus cattle.
Registered herds were bought in 1892, and the Rito Blanco division bred the Angus, while the Escarbada, Spring Lake and Yellow Houses divisions bred the Herefords.
The original plan of the Capitol Company was colonization, with ranching viewed as a temporary use of the land until farmers arrived.
Cattle prices crashed in 1886 and 1887, and in the fall of 1888, the ranch was unable to sell its cattle and make a profit.
In 1904, the ranch started using land and development companies for wholesale purchases, but in 1905, 800,000 acres were also divided up into 160-640 acre tracts.
The family of Minnie Lou Bradley, who went on to establish the Bradley 3 Ranch in Childress County east of Amarillo, made large purchases of XIT land.
Recognizing that their earlier surveys exceeded the stipulated areas by 2-4 percent, the state of Texas sued the Syndicate in 1918, claiming the excess was 57,840.5 acres.
In remembrance of the massive ranch, the City of Dalhart hosts the XIT Museum and the annual XIT Rodeo and Reunion held the first Thursday through Sunday of August.
The celebration includes three days of junior and professional (PRCA) rodeo events, the world’s largest free barbecue, three nights of live music, a mud bog competition, an antique tractor-pull, and other activities.
Francis Henry Lee (born 29 April 1944 in Westhoughton, Lancashire, England), also known as Franny Lee, is a former professional footballer.
A fast forward, he won League Championship medals with Manchester City and Derby, and scored more than 200 goals in his career.
He made his Manchester City debut in a 2–0 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers at Maine Road, and scored his first Manchester City goal the following week at Fulham.
In the 1969–70 season, Lee was Manchester City's top scorer, an achievement he would subsequently match in each of the next four seasons.
His tally that season included one of the most important goals of his career, a penalty in the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup.
Lee represented England at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico and was the first English player ever to receive a card in a World Cup.
In the 1971–72 season, Lee set a British record for the number of penalties scored in a season, with 15 of his 35 goals scored from the penalty spot.
He was upset at Manchester City's decision to sell him and marked his first match against his former club by scoring the winning goal for Derby.
Lee scored twelve league goals that season, Derby winning their second League title and Lee the second championship medal of his career.
On 1 November 1975, Lee had a confrontation with Leeds United defender Norman Hunter, which gained a level of infamy after it was screened on Match of the Day.
In the first half of the game, the referee adjudged that Hunter had fouled Lee in the Leeds penalty area, and awarded Derby a penalty.
The referee stopped the game and took both players' names, but it was not immediately clear if he had sent off either or both of them.
After intervention by both sets of players, Hunter left the pitch and Lee was restrained and ushered off the field by a club official.
Lee also held the record for the most goals in Manchester derbies, scoring 10 goals in all against Manchester United, a tally that equalled Joe Hayes' record.
This record was later beaten by Wayne Rooney who scored his 11th goal in a Manchester derby on 22 September 2013.
In 1994, Lee became chairman of Manchester City, ousting Peter Swales from the position by purchasing £3 million of shares at a price of £13.35 per share.
When his football career came to an end, he briefly returned to cricket, playing for Westhoughton's first XI in 1977 as a medium-fast bowler and middle to lower order batsman.
Lee was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to football and charity.
He gained the imperial office with his brother Macrianus Minor, after the capture of Emperor Valerian in the Sassanid campaign of 260.
The support of his father, controller of the imperial treasure, and the influence of Balista, Praetorian prefect of the late Emperor Valerian, proved instrumental in his promotion.
Quietus and Ballista stayed in the eastern provinces, while his brother and father marched their army to Europe to seize control of the Roman Empire.
After the defeat and deaths of his brother and father in Thrace in 261, Quietus lost the control of the provinces in favour of Septimus Odaenathus of Palmyra, a loyal client king of the Romans who had helped push the Persians out of the eastern provinces and recovered Roman Mesopotamia in 260.
Forced to flee to the city of Emesa, he was besieged there by Odaenathus, during the course of which he was killed by its inhabitants, possibly instigated by Ballista.
The Department for Transport (DfT) is the government department responsible for the English transport network and a limited number of transport matters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland that have not been devolved.
Following a series of strikes, poor performance, removal of access for the disabled and commuter protests relating to Govia Thameslink Railway a group of commuters crowdfunded £26,000 to initiate a judicial review into the Department for Transport's management and failure to penalise Govia or remove the management contract.
The oral hearing to determine if commuters have standing to bring a judicial review was listed for 29 June 2017 at the Royal Court of Justice.
The attempted judicial review was not allowed to proceed, and the commuters who brought it had to pay £17,000 in costs to the Department for Transport.
Under the Welsh devolution settlement, specific policy areas are transferred to the National Assembly for Wales rather than reserved to Westminster.
The Vikings were seafaring Scandinavians engaged in exploring, raiding and trading in waters and lands outside of Scandinavia from the eighth to eleventh centuries.
In automata theory and sequential logic, a state-transition table is a table showing what state (or states in the case of a nondeterministic finite automaton) a finite semiautomaton or finite-state machine will move to, based on the current state and other inputs.
S and S would most likely represent the single bits 0 and 1, since a single bit can only have two states.
Simultaneous transitions in multiple finite-state machines can be shown in what is effectively an n-dimensional state-transition table in which pairs of rows map (sets of) current states to next states.
From the state-transition table given above, it is easy to see that if the machine is in S (the first row), and the next input is character 1, the machine will stay in S. If a character 0 arrives, the machine will transition to S as can be seen from the second column.
For a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), a new input may cause the machine to be in more than one state, hence its non-determinism.
Here, a nondeterministic machine in the state S reading an input of 0 will cause it to be in two states at the same time, the states S and S. The last column defines the legal transition of states of the special character, ε.
The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) were the first solid-propellant rocket to be used for primary propulsion on a vehicle used for human spaceflight and provided the majority of the Space Shuttle's thrust during the first two minutes of flight.
The prime contractor for most other components of the SRBs, as well as for the integration of all the components and retrieval of the spent SRBs, was USBI, a subsidiary of Pratt and Whitney.
The two reusable SRBs provided the main thrust to lift the shuttle off the launch pad and up to an altitude of about .
While on the pad, the two SRBs carried the entire weight of the external tank and orbiter and transmitted the weight load through their structure to the Mobile Launcher Platform.
Seventy-five seconds after SRB separation, SRB apogee occurred at an altitude of approximately ; parachutes were then deployed and impact occurred in the ocean approximately downrange, after which the two SRBs were recovered.
In addition, failure of an individual SRB's thrust output or ability to adhere to the designed performance profile was probably not survivable.
The primary propellants were ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer) and atomized aluminum powder (fuel), and the total propellant for each solid rocket motor weighed approximately .
Primary elements of each booster were the motor (including case, propellant, igniter, and nozzle), structure, separation systems, operational flight instrumentation, recovery avionics, pyrotechnics, deceleration system, thrust vector control system, and range safety destruct system.
Each booster was attached to the external tank at the SRB's aft frame by two lateral sway braces and a diagonal attachment.
The forward end of each SRB was attached to the external tank at the forward end of the SRB's forward skirt.
On the launch pad, each booster also was attached to the mobile launcher platform at the aft skirt by four frangible nuts that were severed at lift-off.
When the two NSDs were ignited at each hold down, the hold-down bolt traveled downward because of the release of tension in the bolt (pretensioned before launch), NSD gas pressure and gravity.
The solid rocket motor ignition commands were issued by the orbiter's computers through the master events controllers to the hold-down pyrotechnic initiator controllers (PICs) on the mobile launcher platform.
Each HPU consisted of an auxiliary power unit (APU), fuel supply module, hydraulic pump, hydraulic reservoir and hydraulic fluid manifold assembly.
The APUs were fueled by hydrazine and generated mechanical shaft power to drive a hydraulic pump that produced hydraulic pressure for the SRB hydraulic system.
The two separate HPUs and two hydraulic systems were located on the aft end of each SRB between the SRB nozzle and aft skirt.
The fuel tank was pressurized with gaseous nitrogen at , which provided the force to expel (positive expulsion) the fuel from the tank to the fuel distribution line, maintaining a positive fuel supply to the APU throughout its operation.
The gas generator catalytically decomposed the hydrazine into hot, high-pressure gas; a two-stage turbine converted this into mechanical power, driving a gearbox.
The waste gas, now cooler and at low pressure, was passed back over the gas generator housing to cool it before being dumped overboard.
As described so far, the system could not self-start, since the fuel pump was driven by the turbine it supplied fuel to.
Accordingly, a bypass line went around the pump and fed the gas generator using the nitrogen tank pressure until the APU speed was such that the fuel pump outlet pressure exceeded that of the bypass line, at which point all the fuel was supplied to the fuel pump.
When the APU speed reached 100%, the APU primary control valve closed, and the APU speed was controlled by the APU controller electronics.
If the primary control valve logic failed to the open state, the secondary control valve assumed control of the APU at 112% speed.
Each HPU on an SRB was connected to both servoactuators on that SRB by a switching valve that allowed the hydraulic power to be distributed from either HPU to both actuators if necessary.
Each HPU possessed the capacity to provide hydraulic power to both servoactuators within %115 operational limits in the event that hydraulic pressure from the other HPU should drop below .
When the valve was closed, a signal was sent to the APU controller, that inhibited the 100% APU speed control logic and enabled the 112% APU speed control logic.
The ascent thrust vector control portion of the flight control system directed the thrust of the three shuttle main engines and the two SRB nozzles to control shuttle attitude and trajectory during lift-off and ascent.
Commands from the guidance system were transmitted to the ATVC (Ascent Thrust Vector Control) drivers, which transmitted signals proportional to the commands to each servoactuator of the main engines and SRBs.
Four independent flight control system channels and four ATVC channels controlled six main engine and four SRB ATVC drivers, with each driver controlling one hydraulic port on each main and SRB servoactuator.
Each servovalve controlled one power spool in each actuator, which positioned an actuator ram and the nozzle to control the direction of thrust.
With four identical commands to the four servovalves, the actuator force-sum action prevented a single erroneous command from affecting power ram motion.
If the erroneous command persisted for more than a predetermined time, differential pressure sensing activated a selector valve to isolate and remove the defective servovalve hydraulic pressure, permitting the remaining channels and servovalves to control the actuator ram spool.
Within each servoactuator ram was a splashdown load relief assembly to cushion the nozzle at water splashdown and prevent damage to the nozzle flexible bearing.
These provided an output proportional to angular rates about the pitch and yaw axes to the orbiter computers and guidance, navigation and control system during first-stage ascent flight in conjunction with the orbiter roll rate gyros until SRB separation.
The rocket propellant mixture in each solid rocket motor consisted of ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer, 69.6% by weight), atomized aluminum powder (fuel, 16%), iron oxide (catalyst, 0.4%), PBAN (binder, also acts as fuel, 12.04%), and an epoxy curing agent (1.96%).
The main fuel, aluminum, was used because it has a reasonable specific energy density of about 31.0 MJ/kg, but a high volumetric energy density, and is difficult to ignite accidentally.
The propellant had an 11-point star-shaped perforation in the forward motor segment and a double-truncated-cone perforation in each of the aft segments and aft closure.
This configuration provided high thrust at ignition and then reduced the thrust by approximately a third 50 seconds after lift-off to avoid overstressing the vehicle during maximum dynamic pressure (Max Q).
The solid rocket motor ignition commands are issued when the three Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) are at or above 90 percent of rated thrust, no SSME fail and/or SRB ignition Pyrotechnic Initiator Controller (PIC) low voltage is indicated and there are no holds from the Launch Processing System (LPS).
These signals — arm, fire 1 and fire 2 — originate in the orbiter general-purpose computers (GPCs) and are transmitted to the MECs.
The GPC launch sequence also controls certain critical main propulsion system valves and monitors the engine ready indications from the SSMEs.
The MPS start commands are issued by the onboard computers at T minus 6.6 seconds (staggered start engine three, engine two, engine one all approximately within 0.25 of a second), and the sequence monitors the thrust buildup of each engine.
All three SSMEs must reach the required 90% thrust within three seconds; otherwise, an orderly shutdown is commanded and safing functions are initiated.
Normal thrust buildup to the required 90% thrust level will result in the SSMEs being commanded to the lift off position at T minus three seconds as well as the fire 1 command being issued to arm the SRBs.
The booster charge ignites the propellant in the igniter initiator; and combustion products of this propellant ignite the solid rocket motor initiator, which fires down the entire vertical length of the solid rocket motor igniting the solid rocket motor propellant along its entire surface area instantaneously.
At T minus zero, the two SRBs are ignited, under command of the four onboard computers; separation of the four explosive bolts on each SRB is initiated; the two T-0 umbilicals (one on each side of the spacecraft) are retracted; the onboard master timing unit, event timer and mission event timers are started; the three SSMEs are at 100%; and the ground launch sequence is terminated.
The explosive hold-down bolts relieve (through the launch support pedestals and pad structure) the asymmetric vehicle dynamic loads caused by the SSME ignition and thrust buildup, and applied thrust bearing loads.
Without the hold-down bolts the SSMEs would violently tip the flight stack (orbiter, external tank, SRBs) over onto the external tank.
Prior to release of the vehicle stack for liftoff, the SRBs must simultaneously ignite and pressurize their combustion chambers and exhaust nozzles to produce a thrust derived, net counter-rotating moment exactly equal to the SSME's rotating moment.
With the SRBs reaching full thrust, the hold-down bolts are blown, releasing the vehicle stack, the net rotating moment is zero, and the net vehicle thrust (opposing gravity) is positive, lifting the orbiter stack vertically from the launch pedestal, controllable through the coordinated gimbal movements of the SSMEs and the SRB exhaust nozzles.
During ascent, multiple all-axis accelerometers detect and report the vehicle's flight and orientation (referencing the flight deck aboard the orbiter), as the flight reference computers translate navigation commands (steering to a particular waypoint in space, and at a particular time) into engine and motor nozzle gimbal commands, which orient the vehicle about its center of mass.
As the forces on the vehicle change due to propellant consumption, increasing speed, changes in aerodynamic drag, and other factors, the vehicle automatically adjusts its orientation in response to its dynamic control command inputs.
The net result is a relatively smooth and constant (then gradually decreasing) gravitational pull due to acceleration, coupled with a diminishing aerodynamic friction as the upper atmosphere is reached and surpassed.
SRB separation is initiated when the three solid rocket motor chamber pressure transducers are processed in the redundancy management middle value select and the head-end chamber pressure of both SRBs is less than or equal to .
The separation sequence is initiated, commanding the thrust vector control actuators to the null position and putting the main propulsion system into a second-stage configuration (0.8 second from sequence initialization), which ensures the thrust of each SRB is less than .
The forward attachment point also carries the range safety system cross-strap wiring connecting each SRB RSS and the ET RSS with each other.
The solid rocket motors in each cluster of four are ignited by firing redundant NSD pressure cartridges into redundant confined detonating fuse manifolds.
The separation commands issued from the orbiter by the SRB separation sequence initiate the redundant NSD pressure cartridge in each bolt and ignite the BSMs to effect a clean separation.
A range safety system (RSS) provides for destruction of a rocket or part of it with on-board explosives by remote command if the rocket is out of control, in order to limit the danger to people on the ground from crashing pieces, explosions, fire, poisonous substances, etc.
An RSS consists of two antenna couplers, command receivers/decoders, a dual distributor, a safe and arm device with two NASA standard detonators (NSD), two confined detonating fuse manifolds (CDF), seven CDF assemblies and one linear-shaped charge (LSC).
The command receivers are tuned to RSS command frequencies and provide the input signal to the distributors when an RSS command is sent.
The command decoders use a code plug to prevent any command signal other than the proper command signal from getting into the distributors.
The safe and arm device provides mechanical isolation between the NSDs and the CDF before launch and during the SRB separation sequence.
The first message, called arm, allows the onboard logic to enable a destruct and illuminates a light on the flight deck display and control panel at the commander and pilot station.
The recovery battery in each SRB is used to power RSS system B as well as the recovery system in the SRB.
After continuing to rise to about 220,000 feet (67 km), the SRBs begin to fall back to earth and once back in the denser atmosphere are slowed by a parachute system to prevent damage on ocean impact.
A command is sent from the orbiter to the SRB just before separation to apply battery power to the recovery logic network.
A second, simultaneous command arms the three nose cap thrusters (for deploying the pilot and drogue parachute), the frustum ring detonator (for main parachute deployment), and the main parachute disconnect ordnance.
The diameter conical ribbon pilot parachute provides the force to pull lanyards attached to cut knives, which cut the loop securing the drogue retention straps.
This allows the pilot chute to pull the drogue pack from the SRB, causing the drogue suspension lines to deploy from their stored position.
At full extension of the twelve suspension lines, the drogue deployment bag is stripped away from the canopy, and the diameter conical ribbon drogue parachute inflates to its initial reefed condition.
The drogue disreefs twice after specified time delays (using redundant 7 and 12-second reefing line cutters), and it reorients/stabilizes the SRB for main chute deployment.
After the drogue chute has stabilized the SRB in a tail-first attitude, the frustum is separated from the forward skirt by a pyrotechnic charge triggered by the low-altitude baroswitch at a nominal altitude of about 243 seconds after SRB separation.
At full extension of the lines, which are long, the three main chutes are pulled from their deployment bags and inflate to their first reefed condition.
After specified time delays (using redundant 10 and 17-second reefing line cutters), the main chute reefing lines are cut and the chutes inflate to their second reefed and full open configurations.
Because the parachutes provide for a nozzle-first impact, air is trapped in the empty (burned out) motor casing, causing the booster to float with the forward end approximately out of the water.
Formerly, the main chutes were released from the SRB at impact using a parachute release nut ordnance system (residual loads in the main chutes would deploy the parachute attach fittings with floats tethered to each fitting).
Salt Water Activated Release (SWAR) devices are now incorporated into the main chute riser lines to simplify recovery efforts and reduce damage to the SRB.
Once the boosters are located, the Diver Operated Plug (DOP) is maneuvered by divers into place to plug the SRB nozzle and drain the water from the motor case.
Pumping air into and water out of the SRB causes the SRB to change from a nose-up floating position to a horizontal attitude more suitable for towing.
A cold-compromised joint in the right SRB failed at launch and eventually allowed hot gases from within that rocket booster to sear a hole into the adjacent main external fuel tank and also weaken the lower strut holding the SRB to the external tank.
The leak in the SRB joint caused a catastrophic failure of the lower strut and partial detachment of the SRB, which led to a collision between the SRB and the external tank.
Concerns were briefed by the SRB manufacturer due to the cold temperatures, but were overridden due to resistance from NASA managers to change launch criteria at such a late stage in launch preparation.
To correct the situation and ensure higher strength margins during ascent, the attach ring was redesigned to encircle the motor case completely (360 degrees).
The prime contractor for the manufacture of the SRB motor segments was ATK Launch Systems' (formerly Morton Thiokol Inc.), Wasatch Division based in Magna, Utah.
United Space Boosters Inc. (USBI), a division of Pratt and Whitney, under United Technologies, was the original SRB prime contractor for SRB assembly, checkout and refurbishment for all non-solid-rocket-motor components and for SRB integration.
USBI was absorbed by United Space Alliance as the Solid Rocket Booster Element division in 1998 and the USBI division was disbanded at Pratt & Whitney the following year.
The ASRM would have produced additional thrust in order to increase shuttle payload, so that it could carry modules and construction components to the ISS.
The ASRM program was canceled in 1993 after robotic assembly systems and computers were on-site and approximately 2 billion dollars spent, in favor of continued use, after design flaw corrections, of the SRB.
With the closure of SLC-6, the FWC boosters were scrapped by ATK and NASA, but their field joints, albeit modified to incorporate the current three O-ring seals and joint heaters, were later incorporated into the present-day field joints on the current SRBs.
As part of the Constellation Program, the first stage of the Ares I rocket was planned to use five-segment SRBs – in September 2009 a five-segment Space Shuttle SRB was static fired on the ground in ATK's desert testing area in Utah.
The first test of a SRB for SLS was completed in early 2015, a second test was performed in mid 2016 at Orbital ATK's Promontory, Utah facility.
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters are on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, the Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi, the United States Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and at Orbital ATK's facility near Promontory, Utah.
Over time several proposals to reuse the SRB design were presented – however, as of 2016 none of these proposals progressed to regular flights before being cancelled.
Until the 2021 planned first flight of the Space Launch System (SLS), a sole test-flight of the Ares I-X prototype in 2009 was the furthest any of these proposals progressed.
NASA initially planned to reuse the four-segment SRB design and infrastructure in several Ares rockets, which would have propelled the Orion spacecraft into orbit.
In 2005, NASA announced the Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle slated to carry the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle into low-Earth orbit and later to the Moon.
The SRB-derived Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV), named Ares I, was planned to feature a single modified four-segment SRB for its first stage; a single liquid-fueled modified Space Shuttle Main Engine would have powered the second stage.
The Ares I design updated in 2006 featured one five-segment SRB (originally developed for the Shuttle, but never used) as a first stage – the second stage was powered by an uprated J-2X engine, derived from the J-2, which had been used in the upper stage of Saturn V and Saturn IB.
In place of the standard SRB nosecone, the Ares I would have a tapered interstage assembly connecting the booster proper with the second stage, an attitude control system derived from the Regulus missile system, and larger, heavier parachutes to lower the stage into the Atlantic Ocean for recovery.
That final redesign would have made the Ares V booster taller and more powerful than the now-retired Saturn V/INT-20, N-1, and Energia rockets, and would have allowed the Ares V to place both the Earth Departure Stage and Altair spacecraft into Low-Earth orbit for later on-orbit assembly.
Unlike the 5-segment SRB for the Ares I, the 5.5-segment boosters for the Ares V were to be identical in design, construction, and function to the current SRBs except for the extra segments.
The Constellation program, including Ares I and Ares V, was canceled in October 2010 by the passage of the 2010 NASA authorization bill.
The DIRECT proposal for a new, Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle, unlike the Ares I and Ares V boosters, uses a pair of classic 4-segment SRBs with the SSMEs used on the Shuttle.
In 2008 PlanetSpace proposed the Athena III launch vehicle for ISS resupply flights under the COTS program – it would have featured 2 1/2 segments from the original SRB design.
The first versions (Blocks 1 and 1B) of the Space Launch System (SLS) are planned to use a pair of five-segment Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs), which were developed from the four-segment SRBs used for the Shuttle.
Modifications for the SLS included the addition of a center booster segment, new avionics, and new insulation which eliminates the Shuttle SRB's asbestos and is lighter.
Mario Monti, (born 19 March 1943) is an Italian economist who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 2011 to 2013, despite never having been an elected politician, leading a government of technocrats in the wake of the Italian debt crisis.
Monti served as a European Commissioner from 1995 to 2004, with responsibility for the Internal Market, Services, Customs and Taxation from 1995 to 1999 and for Competition from 1999 to 2004.
On 12 November 2011, in the midst of the European sovereign debt crisis, Monti was invited by President Giorgio Napolitano to form a new technocratic government following the resignation of Silvio Berlusconi.
Monti was sworn in as Prime Minister on 16 November 2011, just a week after having been appointed a Senator for Life by President Napolitano, and initially became Minister of Economy and Finances as well, giving that portfolio up the following July.
Although his father grew up in Varese, he was born in Luján in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, where his grandfather Abramo had emigrated to from Italy in the 19th century and built up a soft-drink and beer-production business.
Monti studied at the private Leo XIII High School and attended Bocconi University of Milan, where he obtained a degree in economics in 1965.
Later, he won a scholarship to Yale University where he studied under James Tobin, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
Monti began his academic career at the University of Trento, before moving to teach economics at the University of Turin from 1970 to 1985, and finally to Bocconi University, where he was appointed Rector in 1989, and President in 1994.
In his office as a European Commissioner from 1994 to 1999, he was responsible for internal market, financial services and financial integration, customs, and taxation.
In 1999, Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema confirmed Monti's appointment to the new Prodi Commission and he was given one of the most powerful positions at the Commission, with responsibility for Competition.
As Competition Commissioner, Monti led the investigation into a number of high-profile and controversial mergers, including: Scania AB & Volvo (1999), WorldCom & Sprint (2000), General Electric & Honeywell (2001), Schneider Electric & Legrand (2001) and Carnival Corporation & P&O Ferries (2002).
His term in office also saw the European Court of Justice, for the first time, overrule the Commission's decision to block a merger in three separate cases, although two were decided by his predecessor.
Monti was also responsible for levying the EU's largest ever fine at the time (€497 million) against Microsoft for abusing its dominant market position in 2004.
Monti was criticised in the media and by competition lawyers for the perceived inflexibility of the merger oversight process and the high number of cases that were being blocked.
This ruling in combination with his decision to block the General Electric & Honeywell merger led to criticism in the United States against both the Commission's procedures and accusations that Monti's decisions were politically motivated.
Monti, however, was defended by supporters who saw his actions as an important step in the development of competition law in the EU.
On 11 December 2002, Monti proposed a series of reforms to the EU's merger rules and made structural changes within the Commission's Competition department which aimed to improve transparency for companies throughout the merger review process.
In 2004, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi returned to power in Italy and chose not to re-appoint Monti to the Commission when his second term ended.
He was seen as a favourite to replace Silvio Berlusconi to lead a new unity government in Italy in order to implement reforms and austerity measures.
Monti accepted the offer, and held talks with the leaders of the main Italian political parties, declaring that he wanted to form a government that would remain in office until the next scheduled general elections in 2013.
On 16 November 2011, Monti was sworn in as Prime Minister of Italy, after unveiling a technocratic cabinet composed entirely of unelected professionals.
On 17 and 18 November 2011, the Italian Senate and Italian Chamber of Deputies both passed motions of confidence supporting Monti's government, with only Lega Nord voting against.
On 4 December 2011, Monti's government introduced emergency austerity measures intended to stem the worsening economic conditions in Italy and restore market confidence, especially after rising Italian government bond yields began to threaten Italy's financial stability.
On 16 December 2011, the Lower House of the Italian Parliament adopted the measures by a vote of 495 to 88.
The reforms are intended to open certain professions (such as taxi drivers, pharmacists, doctors, lawyers and notaries) to more competition by reforming their licensing systems and abolishing minimum tariffs for their services.
Article 18 of Italy's labour code, which requires companies that employ 15 or more workers to re-hire (rather than compensate) any employee found to have been fired without just cause, would also be reformed.
The reforms to Article 18 are intended to make it easier for companies to dismiss or lay-off employees, which would hopefully encourage companies to hire more employees on permanent rather than short-term renewable contracts.
In early January 2012, consultations between the government and labour unions commenced and on 13 February it was reported in the Italian media that a compromise on the proposals was very close and the government was hopeful that reforms could be approved by the Italian parliament in March.
On 21 December 2012, Monti announced his resignation as Prime Minister, having made a public promise to step down on 8 December, after the passing of the 2013 Budget.
However, on 28 December, he announced that he would seek to remain Prime Minister by contesting the election, as the leader of a centrist coalition, the Civic Choice.
The election was held on 24 February 2013, and Monti's centrist coalition was only able to come fourth, with 10.5% of the vote.
He was a member of the Commission for Industry, Commerce and Tourism from 30 November 2011 to 14 March 2013 in the sixteenth legislature.
Monti was a member of the independents' mixed parliamentary group until 19 March 2013, when he joined the Civic Choice (SC) parliamentary group, becoming the first lifetime senator aligned with a party group.
On 4 January 2013, Monti launched Civic Choice as an electoral list of the civil society, to realize the implementation of his agenda in a future government.
SC was announced as part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) centrist coalition, alongside Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).
In the 2013 general election, the party obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (on own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI).
On 12 March 2013, Civic Choice was turned into a political party as Monti took office as acting SC president in the Provisional Committee of the party and appointed senator Andrea Olivero as provisional political coordinator.
Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano.
Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to The People of Freedom.
In 2007, Monti was one of the first supporters of the first European civic forum, États Généraux de l'Europe, initiated by European think tank EuropaNova and European Movement.
He was also a member of the French government's Attali Commission from 2007 to 2008, appointed by Nicolas Sarkozy to provide recommendations to enhance economic growth in France.
Monti is a founding member of the Spinelli Group, an organization launched in September 2010 to facilitate integration within the European Union (other members of the steering group include Jacques Delors, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Guy Verhofstadt, Andrew Duff and Elmar Brok).
In January 2014, Monti became Chairman of the High Level Group on Own Resources, a consultative committee of the European Union aimed at proposing new forms of revenue for the European Union's budget.
In 2019, Monti chaired a search committee which recommended to the European Commission the appointment of Mauro Ferrari as the next President of the European Research Council (ERC).
Since 1970 Monti has been married to Elsa Antonioli (born 1944), an Italian Red Cross volunteer, with whom he has two children, Federica and Giovanni.
He said that his youth was given over to hard study; spare-time activities included cycling and keeping up with world affairs by tuning into foreign short-wave radio stations.
It then flashes forward to the present where Haré is a typical boy living in an unnamed village in an unidentified jungle with his lazy mother Weda.
Scared, he runs back to the house where his mom has decided to have a new guest, a cute girl named Guu.
The next morning, Haré wakes up to find Guu a completely different person who is no longer cute, social, or energetic.
After Guu spits Haré out, she accompanies him to school where she meets all of Haré's schoolmates (whom she swallows and spits back out) and the village elder (whose chest hair she rips out).
The school receives a new doctor named Dr. Clive who came from the city and turns out to be Haré's long-lost dad.
She adds another resident to her stomach world, Miss Hiroko Yamada, and shows an adult form that she uses to defend Haré.
Another person who appears is Dama, a hairdresser from the next village over who obsesses over her long-lost husband with white hair that she mistakes Dr. Clive for.
Guu causes more disasters around the jungle such as creating a blizzard and bringing down the wrath of Dama upon Clive.
Haré finds out from Asio the circumstances behind Weda leaving her past life and why Weda is living in they jungle.
Weda eventually forces Bel and Asio to tell the actual reason they came to the jungle: to bring Weda and Haré back to the city since her father had recently died.
Haré, Weda, Guu, Bel, and Asio make it to the city where they are met by Robert, a personal bodyguard hired to protect Haré and Weda.
When Haré and Guu are held hostage by a bank robber, Weda and Robert team up to proficiently take out the robber, safely returning Haré and Guu.
Clive comes to the city where he finally is able to convey his feelings for Weda, ensuring them to be a couple whenever Weda returns.
Try as he might, all seemed lost as Weda was bored enough to want to return to the jungle much to Bel and Asio's chagrin.
Meanwhile, the village elder's chest hair gets so out of control he is swallowed by it enough for him to disappears for the rest of the arc.
After they marry, Haré starts hating the idea of another sibling as he will be the one to take care of the child due to his parents' laziness.
When it looked like he was about to win, Dama shows up at the last minute to fight the bank robber.
Unfortunately, it works against Haré because the school bullies get jealous of the new friendship he has formed with Rita; they bully him.
Haré finds out that he is nothing special to Rita because she likes to feel superior by being nice to everyone and not making any enemies.
The village elder, who is basically a hairball now, is found while Hare gets help with Ame thanks to Adult Guu and the three residents in Guu's stomach.
As life seems to go back to normal for Haré (as normal as life with Guu can be), assassins hired by Weda's siblings show up to kill her because of a new discovery that Weda was included in a later version of her father's will, entitling her to a part of the family fortune.
Dama returns as one of the assassins hired to kill Weda, but Robert manages to talk her into going back to life with her husband.
On the island, they meet a muscle man named QP who becomes a rival to Robert and a bodyguard for Weda.
Guu is kidnapped by Haré and Guu — from a half year in the future — who came to find Dama and her sister.
After some heartfelt goodbyes with their classmates, the kids of the jungle return home except for Wigle who stays to attend college.
But, because Yumi-sensei offered her life for his safety, Toposte realized how she cared for him and accepted and returned her love.
Alva isn't used to the jungle so he sometimes gets lost and has to be returned by a very large pokute.
Later, Haré and Guu decide to find where pokutes come from, learning that they reside in a dark cave deep in the jungle where they are also able to talk.
Gupta wants to reveal his love for Ravenna but he can't get up the courage, so Guu goes with him for a practice date.
Then, with the urge to try to get Haré to love her, Mari takes him around to find how love really is, where they learn the true story behind the baka couple.
First published in 1997 in the Monthly Gangan, the series kept a strong devoted following till its final chapters in 2002.
Astor was known for his legal battles with the estate of his elder half-brother, Vincent Astor, to inherit a larger portion of their father's $85 million fortune (approximately $ billion in dollars).
Jakey's parents' marriage, on September 9, 1911, had sparked much controversy both because of their 29-year age difference and since Colonel Astor had only previously been divorced from his first wife, socialite Ava Lowle Willing (1868–1958), one year earlier, on March 5, 1910.
After Jack's death, Madeleine raised their son at the Astors' Newport, Rhode Island, mansion, Beechwood, as part of the Astor family.
Jakey, who had become close to Dick, strongly opposed the union with Fiermonte and repeatedly tried to convince his mother to end the relationship.
Under the terms of Colonel Astor's will, Madeleine received relatively little of her husband's $85 million estate (approximately $ billion in dollars).
William Vincent Astor (1891–1959), the Colonel's son from his first marriage, received $69 million (about $ billion in dollars), while the Colonel's daughter from his first marriage, Ava Alice Muriel Astor (1902–1956), received a $10 million trust fund (about $ million in dollars).
While not listed by name, his father's will mentioned that any surviving child other than his children Vincent and Ava would receive a bequest of $3 million, to be held in trust until the child reached age 21.
Jakey inherited the $3 million on his 21st birthday, which by that point had grown to $5 million (about $ million in dollars).
When Madeleine died in late March 1940, she left him a diamond solitaire ring worth $50,000 (about $ in dollars) and a pearl necklace worth $1,525 (about $ in dollars).
Astor became engaged to Eileen Sherman Gillespie (1915–2008), the elder daughter of Lieutenant Lawrence Lewis Gillespie (1876–1940) and Irene Muriel Augusta Sherman (1887–1972), in early December 1933.
They planned to marry on February 6, 1934, but she called the wedding off on January 22 after a bitter argument.
Tucky was a granddaughter of Amos Tuck French and a first cousin of Rhode Island Governor William Henry Vanderbilt III (1901–1981), and had been attracted to Jakey while he was engaged to Eileen.
At the time of their son's birth, Astor was working at the International Mercantile Marine Co. Another of Tucky's sisters, Virginia Middleton French (1917–2011), married William Force Dick, Astor's half-brother through his mother, on December 18, 1941, before her marriage to Philip B.
On September 18, 1944, in New York City, Astor married for the second time, to Gertrude Gretsch (1923–1999), the daughter of Walter and Gertrude Gretsch.
Even though some sources refer to Jakey as John Jacob V, John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever (1886–1971) was born first and therefore is actually John Jacob Astor V. Sir Jakie Astor (1918–2000), youngest brother of David Astor, was John Jacob Astor VII; the 3rd Baron Astor of Hever is John Jacob Astor VIII.
Emil Dominik Josef Hácha (12 July 1872 – 27 June 1945) was a Czech lawyer, the third President of Czechoslovakia from 1938 to 1939.
From March 1939, his country was under the control of the Germans and was known as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
Shortly after the outbreak of World War I, he became a judge at the Supreme Administrative Court in Vienna (the court was responsible for Cisleithania).
After the Treaty of Versailles, Pantůček became President of the Supreme Administrative Court of the Republic of Czechoslovakia in Prague, and Hácha became a judge (1918) and Deputy President (1919) of the court.
After Pantůček's death in 1925 he was chosen by T. G. Masaryk as his successor, becoming first President of the Supreme Administration Court.
He was nominated because of his Catholicism, conservatism and lack of involvement in any of the governments that had led to the partition of the country.
The short era of his presidency before the German occupation is known as the Second Czechoslovak Republic and was marked by the shift from democracy to authoritarian state with the Enabling act giving previously unusual powers to the president and government and restricting the powers of the parliament.
When Hácha first arrived in Berlin, he first met with the German Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop prior to meeting with Hitler.
Minutes of the conversation noted that for Hácha this was the most difficult decision of his life, but believed that in only a few years this decision would be comprehensible and in 50 years would probably be regarded as a blessing.
Göring acknowledged making the threat to the British ambassador to Germany, Neville Henderson, but said that the threat came as a warning because the Czech government, after already agreeing to German occupation, couldn't guarantee that the Czech army would not fire on the advancing Germans.
They literally hunted Dr. Hácha and M. Chvalkovsky round the table on which the documents were lying, thrusting them continually before them, pushing pens into their hands, incessantly repeating that if they continued in their refusal, half of Prague would lie in ruins from bombing within two hours, and that this would be only the beginning.
However, Hitler's interpreter Paul Schmidt, who was present during the meeting, in his memoirs denied such turbulent scenes ever taking place with the Czechoslovak President.
The Israeli Jean Ancel noted that Schmidt's memoirs are not a reliable source of information as Schmidt consistently downplayed and ignored the criminal policies of the Nazi regime and his own role in them.
During his time as President of the Protectorate, Hácha also signed into law legislation modeled after the Nazi Nuremberg Laws that discriminated against Czech Jews.
Hácha's situation changed after Reinhard Heydrich was appointed Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, as Neurath was considered not harsh enough by Hitler.
Many of his colleagues and friends were arrested (including the Prime Minister Alois Eliáš) and shot or sent to concentration camps.
He died in prison on 27 June under mysterious circumstances, with many historians entertaining the possibility of assassination, a suspicion shared by the Hácha family.
After his death, he was buried at first in an unmarked grave at the Vinohrady Cemetery, but now there is a marker on his grave.
The magazine, which was audited by the Audit Bureau of Circulations, was free at around 900 venues including restaurants, bars, coffee shops, bookshops and retail stores.
The tablet apps offered a multimedia platform for readers of the magazine, with interactive content, videos and sound clips enhancing the reader's experience.
Formerly known as Lucky Still Limited, the corporation changed its name to Asia City Publishing Limited on 23 May 1989; it underwent another name change to become Asia City Media Group in the 2000s.
SCMP's decision to discontinue the publication has been viewed as part of a wider effort under Alibaba management to shift focus away from Hong Kong and onto mainland China, and to market that coverage to western readers overseas.
The media landscape was changing dramatically, as it continues to do, and their ownership bought us a few final years of life.
But, to my great dismay, this is becoming an increasing impossibility in Hong Kong, in both the mainstream Chinese and much-smaller English media.
The SCMP itself is now owned by Alibaba, perhaps the biggest pro-China organization in the world, if you don’t count the Communist Party.
The paper’s business interests are also drifting away from Hong Kong, and toward readers in the United States and the rest of the west.
As this sad end to HK Magazine shows, it is clear that it is time now for someone else to step up and provide an alternative voice for Hong Kong.
If you care about free speech and the liberal values that make Hong Kong what it is, say something about it.
Additionally, Hong Kong data scientist Mart van de Ven launched a public appeal to help archive back issues of the magazine, expressing doubt that SCMP would preserve the full archive.
Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov (; 22 September 1900 – 15 December 1964) was a Russian lexicographer who in 1926 graduated from the Leningrad University where his teachers included Lev Shcherba and Viktor Vinogradov.
Ozhegov also ran the Russian Language Institute as part of the Russian Academy of Sciences to oversee and advise on the correct spelling, grammar and pronunciation of the Russian language.
During this time, he was a cabinet minister, as Minister of Culture, Recreation and Youth from 1985 to 1988 and Minister of Career Development and Advanced Studies from 1988 to 1989.
Matthews was later elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1997 as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, representing the riding of Burin—St.
He is a former Parliamentary Secretary to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, Deputy House Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party, and Progressive Conservative critic of Fisheries and Oceans.
Matthews contested the 2019 provincial election as the PC candidate in Burin-Grand Bank, but was defeated by Liberal incumbent Carol Anne Haley.
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (; November 10, 1801 – September 22, 1872) was one of the greatest Russian-language lexicographers and a founding member of the Russian Geographical Society.
During his lifetime he compiled and documented the oral history of the region that was later published in Russian and became part of modern folklore.
Vladimir Dal's father was a Danish physician named Johan Christian von Dahl (1764 – October 21, 1821), a linguist versed in the German, English, French, Russian, Yiddish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages.
The prospective lexicographer was born in the town of Lugansky Zavod, in Novorossiya under the jurisdiction of Yekaterinoslav Governorate, part of the Russian Empire (present-day Luhansk, Ukraine).
In 1826 he began studying medicine at Dorpat University and participated as a military doctor in the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) and in the campaign against Poland in 1831–1832.
Following disagreement with his superiors, he resigned from the Military Hospital in Saint Petersburg and took an administrative position with the Ministry of the Interior in Orenburg Governorate in 1833.
Dal then served in administrative positions in Saint Petersburg (1841-1849) and in Nizhny Novgorod (1849- ) before his retirement in 1859.
Some others, yet unpublished, were put in verse by his friend Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) and have become some of the most familiar texts in the Russian language.
After Pushkin's fatal duel in January 1837, Dal was summoned to his deathbed and looked after the great poet during the last hours of his life.
Having no time to edit his collection of fairy tales, he asked Alexander Afanasyev to prepare them for publication, which followed in the late 1850s.
He was interested in the wealth of the Russian language, and he began collecting words while still a student in the Naval Cadet School.
Later he collected and recorded fairy tales, folk songs, birch bark woodcuts, and accounts of superstitions, beliefs, and prejudices of the Russian people.
The discovery of the verbal riches of the Russian language was for the reading public like studying a completely new foreign language.
Both old and popular Russian words seemed gems for which there was absolutely no place in the usual ideological practice of the intelligentsia, in that habitual verbal comfort in simplified speech, composed of international elements.
The encompassing nature of Dal's dictionary gives it critical linguistic importance even today, especially because a large proportion of the dialectal vocabulary he collected has since passed out of use.
For his great dictionary Dal was honoured by the Lomonosov Medal, the Constantine Medal (1863) and an honorary fellowship in the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In 1840, the Damascus Affair had revived the medieval blood libel canard in Europe (the anti-Semitic accusation that Jews use the blood of Christian children for ritual purposes), and Czar Nicholas I instructed his officials, especially Vladimir Dal, to thoroughly investigate the legend.
It was claimed there that although the vast majority of Jews had not even heard of ritual murder, it and the use of blood for magical purposes were committed by sects of fanatical Hasidic Jews.
The federation did have its own flag between 1996 and 2007 when its flag and coat of arms were deemed unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The federation has not yet adopted a new flag, anthem or coat of arms, and instead the symbols of the central state as a provisional solution.
The same went for the coat of arms, whereon the green arms and golden fleur-de-lis stood for the Bosniaks and the chequy shield for Bosnian Croats.
The ten stars arranged in a circle, although they resemble those on the European flag, represented the 10 cantons of the Federation.
Two partial decisions were made in a year 2006, when the Court found that the coat of arms and flag of the Federation of B&H, and coat of arms, anthem, family patron-saint days and church holidays of Republika Srpska were unconstitutional.
Played at regional sites and at Madison Square Garden (Final Four) in New York City each March and April, it was founded in 1938 and was originally the most prestigious post-season showcase for college basketball.
Both tournaments were operated by the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association (MIBA) until 2005, when they were purchased by the NCAA, and the MIBA disbanded.
The post-season National Invitation Tournament was founded in 1938 by the Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association, one year after the NAIA Tournament was created by basketball's inventor Dr. James Naismith, and one year before the NCAA Tournament.
Responsibility for the NIT's administration was transferred in 1940 to the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Committee, a body of local New York colleges: Fordham University, Manhattan College, New York University, St. John's University, and Wagner College.
The field was expanded to 8 teams in 1941, 12 in 1949, 14 in 1965, 16 in 1968, 24 in 1979, 32 in 1980, and 40 from 2002 through 2006.
From its onset and at least into the mid-1950s, the NIT was regarded as the most prestigious showcase for college basketball.
Several teams played in both the NIT and NCAA tournaments in the same year, beginning with Colorado and Duquesne in 1940.
In 1944, Utah lost its first game in the NIT but then proceeded to win not only the NCAA tournament, but also the subsequent Red Cross War Charities benefit game in which they defeated NIT champion St. John's at Madison Square Garden.
In 1950, City College of New York won both the NIT and the NCAA tournaments in the same season, coincidentally defeating Bradley University in the championship game of both tournaments, and remains the only school to accomplish that feat because of an NCAA committee change in the early 1950s prohibiting a team from competing in both tournaments.
From 1943 to 1945, the American Red Cross sponsored a postseason charity game between each year's tournament champions to raise money for the war effort.
The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively selected the NIT champion as its national champion for 1938 (Temple), and chose the NIT champion over the NCAA champion once, in 1939 (Long Island).
Between 1939 and 1970, when teams could compete in either tournament, only DePaul (1945), Utah (1947), San Francisco (1949) and Holy Cross (1954) claim or celebrate national championships for their teams based solely on an NIT championship, although Long Island recognizes its selection as the 1939 national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, made in 1943.
In 1943 the NCAA tournament moved to share Madison Square Garden with the NIT in an effort to increase the credibility of the NCAA Tournament.
In any case, since the mid-1950s, the NCAA tournament has been popularly regarded by most institutions as the pre-eminent post season tournament, with conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it.
Nevertheless, as late as 1970, Coach Al McGuire of Marquette, the 8th-ranked team in the final AP poll of the season, spurned an NCAA at-large invitation because the Warriors were going to be placed in the NCAA Midwest Regional (Fort Worth, Texas) instead of closer to home in the Mideast Regional (Dayton, Ohio).
This led the NCAA to decree in 1971 that any school to which it offered a bid must accept it or be prohibited from participating in postseason competition, reducing the pool of teams that could accept an NIT invitation.
In 1973, NBC moved televised coverage of the NCAA championship from Saturday afternoon to Monday evening, providing the NCAA Tournament with prime-time television exposure the NIT could not match.
Even more crucially, when the NCAA eliminated the one-team-per-conference rule in 1975, its requirement that teams accept its bids relegated the NIT to a collection of teams that did not make the NCAA grade.
Compounding this, to cut costs, the NIT moved its early rounds out of Madison Square Garden in 1977, playing games at home sites until the later rounds.
This further harmed the NIT's prestige, both regionalizing interest in it and marginalizing it by reducing its association with Madison Square Garden.
In 2005, the NCAA purchased 10-year rights to the NIT from the MIBA for $56.5 million to settle an antitrust lawsuit, which had gone to trial and was being argued until very shortly before the settlement was announced.
The MIBA alleged that compelling teams to accept invitations to the NCAA tournament even if they preferred to play in the NIT was an illegal use of the NCAA's powers.
In addition, it argued that the NCAA's expansion of its tournament to 65 teams (68 since 2011) was designed specifically to bankrupt the NIT.
Faced with the very real possibility of being found in violation of federal antitrust law for the third time in its history, the NCAA chose to settle.
NC State, which had been the previous year's NCAA champion, refused to play in the tournament that year, following the precedent set by ACC rival Maryland the previous season after losing the Atlantic Coast Conference championship game to the top-ranked Wolfpack.
In succeeding years, other teams such as Oklahoma State, Louisville, Georgia Tech, Georgetown, and LSU have declined to play in the NIT when they did not make the NCAA tournament.
One such team was Maryland; after being rejected by the NCAA selection committee in 2006, head coach Gary Williams announced that 19-11 Maryland would not go to the NIT, only to be told that the university had previously agreed to use Comcast Center as a venue for the NIT.
In 2008, however, Williams announced that if invited, the Terps would play, because it would serve as a chance to further develop six freshman players on his squad and to give senior forward James Gist more exposure.
At UCLA's Pauley Pavilion, there are individual championship banners for all 11 NCAA titles, various other banners touting many other NCAA and other tournament championships for other sports, but no mention of UCLA's 1985 NIT championship.
However, during the recent remodeling of Pauley Pavilion a plaque was installed along the concourse of the building commemorating the Bruins 1985 NIT Championship.
For other teams, however, the NIT is perceived as a step up in a program climbing from mediocrity or obscurity, and the response is more enthusiastic.
The NIT Season Tip-Off carries none of the postseason tournament's stigma, and is one of many popular season-opening tournaments held every year around the country (alongside events such as the Maui Invitational and the now-defunct Great Alaska Shootout).
Therefore, schools selected to play in the NIT were often major conference teams with records near .500 that had large television fan bases and would likely have a respectable attendance for tournament games on their home court.
The latter is one reason why New Mexico was invited virtually every year — the Lobos often had a winning season but failed to qualify for the NCAA tournament.
In an effort to maintain some quality, a rule saying that a team must have a .500 or better record to qualify for the NIT was imposed.
Instead, a committee of former NCAA head coaches, chaired by Newton, and including Gene Keady (Purdue), Don DeVoe (Tennessee), Rudy Davalos, Les Robinson (NC State), Reggie Minton (Air Force), John Powers, and Carroll Williams among others, prepared a list of potential teams in advance.
Beginning with the 2016 NIT, the committee makeup was restructured; committee members will serve a maximum four-year term, and the committee will feature a mix of current athletics administrators who are actively working at NCAA schools or conferences and former head college basketball coaches.
In 2011 the NCAA and ESPN agreed to a $500 million agreement through 2023–24 for rights to cover championships in several sports, including the NIT; this compares with the 11-year, $6.2 billion TV contract with CBS for the NCAA tournament.
The format won't affect the NIT's automatic bid to any regular-season conference champion that do not make the NCAA's field of 68, since 2011.
A new attendance record for an NIT game was set at Syracuse University's Carrier Dome on March 19, 2007, at the Syracuse-San Diego State game.
From 1969 to 1996, a National Women's Invitational Tournament (NWIT) existed; the tournament was resurrected under the same name in 1998, and has been known as the Women's National Invitation Tournament (WNIT) since 1999.
The revived tournament began with 16 teams, expanded to 32 in its second season, and has since expanded further to 40, 48, and (since 2010) 64 teams.
Neither the NWIT nor WNIT was connected with MIBA, and the WNIT was not purchased by the NCAA; it is currently being ran and operated by Triple Crown Sports.
Ottoman culture evolved over several centuries as the ruling administration of the Turks absorbed, adapted and modified the various native cultures of conquered lands and their peoples.
As the Ottoman Empire expanded it assimilated the culture of numerous regions under its rule and beyond, being particularly influenced by Byzantium, the Arab culture of the Islamic Middle East, and the Persian culture of Iran.
By the 19th century and the era of Tanzimat reforms, the influence of Turkish folk literature, until then largely oral, began to appear in Turkish poetry, and there was increasing influence from the literature of Europe; there was a corresponding decline in classical court poetry.
Prior to the 19th century, Ottoman prose was exclusively non-fictional, and was much less highly developed than Ottoman poetry, in part because much of it followed the rules of the originally Arabic tradition of rhymed prose (Saj').
From the 19th century, the increasing influence of the European novel, and particularly that of the French novel, began to be felt.
Ottoman architecture was a synthesis of Iranian-influenced Seljuk architectural traditions, as seen in the buildings of Konya, Mamluk architecture, and Byzantine architecture; it reached its greatest development in the large public buildings, such as mosques and caravanserais, of the 16th century.
The most significant figure in the field, the 16th-century architect and engineer Mimar Sinan, was a Muslim convert of Armenian descent, having a background in the Janissaries.
One of his pupils, Sedefkar Mehmed Agha, designed the early 17th century Blue Mosque, considered the last great building of classical Ottoman architecture.
Calligraphy had a prestigious status under the Ottomans, its traditions having been shaped by the work of Abbasid calligrapher Yaqut al-Musta'simi of Baghdad, whose influence had spread across the Islamic world, al-Musta'simi himself possibly being of Anatolian origin.
The Diwani script is a cursive and distinctively Ottoman style of Arabic calligraphy developed in the 16th and early 17th centuries.
The highly decorative script was distinguished by its complexity of line and by the close juxtaposition of the letters within words.
Other forms included the flowing, rounded Nashki script, invented by the 10th-century Abbasid calligrapher Ali Muhammad ibn Muqlah, and Ta'liq, based on the Persian Nastalīq style.
The Ottoman tradition of painting miniatures, to illustrate manuscripts or used in dedicated albums, was heavily influenced by the Persian art form, though it also included elements of the Byzantine tradition of illumination and painting.
The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters.
The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia (carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing), and was eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia.
Turks used carpets, rugs and patterned kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation.
Hereke carpets were of particularly high status, being made of silk or a combination of silk and cotton, and intricately knotted.
Jewelry had particular importance as it was commonly given at weddings, as a gift that could be used as a form of savings.
Silver was the most common material used, with gold reserved for more high-status pieces; designs often displayed complex filigree work and incorporated Persian and Byzantine motifs.
Developments in design reflected the tastes of the Ottoman court, with Persian Safavid art, for example, becoming an influence after the Ottoman defeat of Ismail I after the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514.
Most jewelers and goldsmiths were Christian Armenians and Jews, but the interest of the Ottomans in the related art of watchmaking resulted in many European goldsmiths, watchmakers and gem engravers moving to Constantinople, where they worked in the foreigners' quarter, Galata.
Apart from the music traditions of its constituent peoples, the Ottoman Empire evolved a distinct style of court music, Ottoman classical music.
These bands were the ancestors of modern military bands, as well as of the brass ensembles popular in traditional Balkan music.
Dancing was an important element of Ottoman culture, which incorporated the folkloric dancing traditions of many different countries and lands on three continents; from the Balkan peninsula and the Black Sea regions to the Caucasus, the Middle East and North Africa.
Today, living in Istanbul's Roma neighbourhoods like Sulukule, Kuştepe, Cennet and Kasımpaşa, they still dominate the traditional belly dancing and musical entertainment shows throughout the city's traditional taverns.
Today, scholars generally consider the technique of a single puppeteer creating voices for a dialogue, narrating a story, and possibly even singing, all while manipulating puppets, to be an Indonesian invention.
The Jewish Gymnastics Club of Constantinople, founded in 1895, was the first of Istanbul’s sports clubs, soon followed by Kurtuluş Sports Club founded in 1896 by Ottoman Greeks.
1905 saw the creation of the Constantinople Association Football League, which organized soccer matches among athletic clubs, while also providing entertainment for thousands of spectators.
Completed in 1909, with the blessing of Sultan Abdülhamid II, the Union Club provided the first reliable stadium in which thousands of Istanbul spectators could gather to watch sports.
While heavily connected to football, the Union Club hosted a plethora events organized by a variety of Istanbul athletic clubs, including races, gymnastics, and more.
Now under the Republic of Turkey, the Süper Lig represents the region’s most popular football league, and Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe are the league’s most popular teams.
The cuisine of Ottoman Turkey can be divided between that of the Ottoman court itself, which was a highly sophisticated and elaborate fusion of many of the culinary traditions found in the Empire, and the regional cuisines of the peasantry and of the Empire's minorities, which were influenced by the produce of their respective areas.
Rice, for example, was a staple of high-status cookery (Imperial cooks were hired according to the skill they displayed in cooking it) but would have been regarded as a luxury item through most of Anatolia, where bread was the staple grain food.
He has founded influential labels such as Acid Jazz and Talkin' Loud, and started his current label, Brownswood Recordings, in 2006.
He was awarded an MBE in 2004, the AIM Award for Indie Champion 2013, the Mixmag Award for Outstanding Contribution To Dance Music in 2013, the PRS for Music Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music Radio in 2014, and The A&R Award from The Music Producers Guild in 2019.
He started his career on pirate radio station Radio Invicta, later joining legal stations in London, notably the dance music station Kiss FM and, later, a newly-founded Jazz FM.
In 1998, he was hired by BBC Radio 1, and in 2012 he began hosting a three-hour Saturday afternoon programme on BBC Radio 6 Music.
First heard as a DJ on the London pirate radio station Radio Invicta, Peterson spent his teenage years putting up radio transmitters for the pirates and playing on the radio.
Peterson moved over to Kiss FM after being fired from Jazz FM, with the station having become legal when it acquired a licence and started to broadcast from the Holloway Road in North London.
In his shows on Kiss FM he played acts as diverse as Josh Wink, Gang Starr and Horace Silver in the space of a single programme.
It was around the same time that he'd started BGP Records, a sub-label of Ace Records focused on soul, funk and jazz dance, together with DJ Baz Fe Jazz.
It coincided with the rise of acid house in UK clubland and would grow to establish itself as a legendary session.
This was just one among many other significant clubs with which Peterson was associated: Special Branch, Electric Ballroom, Wag Club, Babylon at Heaven, Fez, Talkin Loud at the Fridge, That’s How It Is at Bar Rumba and his long association with Plastic People.
In 1988, Peterson and Eddie Piller founded Acid Jazz Records, a label whose roster included the Brand New Heavies, Jamiroquai, Corduroy, the James Taylor Quartet and Snowboy.
From 1998 to 2012, through his BBC show Worldwide - which was originally produced by longtime collaborator Benji B, Karen P (Folded Wing), Ben Cave, Beccy Grierson, Alex Kenning, and Dave O'Donnell - Peterson continued to present a wide range of music that may be new to its young audiences.
In August 2004, the show moved from Wednesday (midnight till 2am) to an earlier Sunday slot (11pm to 1am), with a spectacular live outside broadcast from The Big Chill at Eastnor Castle Herefordshire, featuring Bugz In The Attic performing a DJ set, and interviews with house DJ Tom Middleton and Mr. Scruff.
One of the highlights of the changed format BBC Radio 1 show was the special sessions from the BBC's Maida Vale Studios.
In late 2011, Peterson announced that after 13 years at the station he would be leaving BBC Radio 1, following his last show in the early hours of Wednesday 28 March and moving to a new show on BBC Radio 6 Music.
Peterson started a new three-hour Saturday afternoon show on BBC Radio 6 Music, beginning on Saturday 7 April 2012, running weekly from 3 to 6pm, and giving him an extra hour of broadcast time.
The event was curated under particular theme each year (2006 - 1 year anniversary, 2008- 3rd Anniversary, 2009 - AFRO-CUBAN FLAVA, 2010 - Galaxy Session, 2011 - Love Supreme, 2012 - Six Sense).
Since the launch, the station has gone out on the road broadcasting across Europe, the US and Asia, with pop-ups in Amsterdam (ADE), Los Angeles (How We Do LA), Marseille (Le Gallette), Milan (Jazzmi Festival), Paris (Le Mellotron), Tokyo (HMV Shibuya), and closer to home, at the 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair (Somerset House).
In 1990, Peterson founded record label Talkin' Loud, enlisting the help of fellow DJ Norman Jay, who formed his own Global Village label.
The Talkin' Loud roster included Nuyorican Soul (a side project of the producers Masters At Work), Courtney Pine, MJ Cole, Young Disciples, Incognito, Terry Callier, The Roots, Galliano and Roni Size's project Reprazent.
The first release from Talkin' Loud was a self-titled compilation in 1990 featuring artists Galliano, Jalal of the Last Poets, Incognito, Young Disciples, Wild & Peaceful, and Ace of Clubs.
Peterson turned from DJ to producer for this ambitious venture, settling in Rio de Janeiro with young UK production associates Sam Shepherd (Floating Points); Dilip Harris and Rob Gallagher from 2 Banks of 4; and Kassin from Rio collective Orquestra Imperial.
The film was also distributed in Tokyo, Japan by Sha-la-la Company and raised money for Fight For Peace (Luta Pela Paz), organization founded in Complexo da Maré, Rio de Janeiro, as a direct response to youth-involvement in drug-related crime and violence.
More recently, they've released music by Zara McFarlane, Ghostpoet's Mercury Prize-nominated debut and their long-running compilation series, compiled by Peterson, called Brownswood Bubblers.
Travelling to Cuba in 2009, Peterson teamed up with the award-winning Cuban jazz pianist Roberto Fonseca to find the best up-and-coming musical talent in Havana.
The double CD album was a celebration of Cuba’s musical forces spanning Latin, Afro jazz and fusion to hip-hop, funk, reggaeton and soul.
In support of this project, Peterson began a European tour in June/July 2010, accompanied by Fonseca, his band and vocalists Danay Suarez, Ogguere and Obsesión.
The Gilles Peterson Havana Cultura Band has now travelled through Europe and beyond with shows in London (Barbican), Paris, Amsterdam, Istanbul, Berlin and Madrid, as well as many festivals.
Travelling with the rest of the 2011 crew, Mala (Digital Mystikz) was also invited to Cuba with Peterson to record and collaborate with local musicians as part of the ongoing Havana Cultura project.
Peterson has made many regular appearances at music festivals across the world including Lovebox in east London, The Big Chill in Hereford and the Southport Weekender in the north west of England.
Away from the UK he has appeared at the Exit Festival in Serbia, INmusic festival in Croatia, and in 2006 the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.
Recently he has appeared in festivals such as Tramlines, Standon Calling, Summerstage, Slide Festival and Odyssia Festival, where he gave a spontaneous interview sharing some interesting thoughts about music and festivals.
Gilles ran the 2011 London Marathon, raising just under £7,000 for Help Musicians UK, followed by the 2016 New York Marathon, where he raised over $21,000 for the Steve Reid Foundation.
He served as a Member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 to 2008, and as Minister of Fisheries and Oceans from February 6, 2006 to October 30, 2008.
Hearn then served in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1982 to 1993, and served as Minister of Education from 1985 to 1989.
Hearn was a candidate in the 1989 Progressive Conservative Leadership Convention to replace outgoing Premier Brian Peckford, the eventual winner was Tom Rideout.
Hearn went on to enter federal politics and was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of St. John's West from 2000 to 2003 and St. John's South—Mount Pearl from 2003 to 2008.
He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 2000 to 2004, and was active in representing the party during its merger discussions with the Canadian Alliance.
He has served (either before or after the merger) as the Progressive Conservative Party House Leader, Conservative Party House Leader, Opposition House Leader, Canadian Heritage Critic, Public Works and Government Services Critic, and Critic of the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons.
In this role, he claimed that several observers from the Humane Society of the United States had been arrested for illegal activity during their campaign against the seal hunt, but was later forced to apologize under threat of a libel suit as no arrests had in fact taken place.
Hearn has also had to deal with the crises in several rural Newfoundland communities involving the sale of fish plants by Fishery Products International to Ocean Choice, often being in conflict with the provincial government, business and unions.
A few days prior to the dissolution of Parliament in September 2008, Hearn announced that he would not stand for re-election in the 2008 election.
On November 19, 2010, Lawrence Cannon, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, announced the appointment of Hearn as Canada's Ambassador to Ireland, succeeding Pat Binns.
He was probably a member of the Piast dynasty, maybe the second son of Doubravka, daughter of Duke Boleslaus I of Bohemia, and her husband Duke Mieszko I of Poland, or a distant relative.
When Duke Boleslaus III was dethroned during a revolt by the Czech Vršovci clan, the Bohemian nobles declared Vladivoj, who had earlier fled to Poland, duke in 1002.
The Czech historian Dušan Třeštík writes that Vladivoj assumed the Bohemian throne with the support of the Polish duke Bolesław I the Brave.
A massacre of the Vršovci clan at Vyšehrad ordered by Boleslaus III led to his deposition and the succession of his younger brother Jaromír.
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol; but may also include impaired production of aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), which regulates sodium conservation, potassium secretion, and water retention.
If not treated, adrenal insufficiency may result in abdominal pains, vomiting, muscle weakness and fatigue, depression, low blood pressure, weight loss, kidney failure, changes in mood and personality, and shock (adrenal crisis).
An adrenal crisis may occur if the body is subjected to stress, such as an accident, injury, surgery, or severe infection; death may quickly follow.
Adrenal insufficiency can also occur when the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland does not make adequate amounts of the hormones that assist in regulating adrenal function.
This is called secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency and is caused by lack of production of ACTH in the pituitary or lack of CRH in the hypothalamus, respectively.
Additional signs and symptoms include weakness, tiredness, dizziness, low blood pressure that falls further when standing (orthostatic hypotension), cardiovascular collapse, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Causes of acute adrenal insufficiency are mainly sudden withdrawal of long-term corticosteroid therapy, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, and stress in people with underlying chronic adrenal insufficiency.
Autoimmune adrenalitis may be part of Type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, which can include type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid disease (also known as autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Hashimoto's disease).
Other diseases that are more common in people with autoimmune adrenalitis include premature ovarian failure, celiac disease, and autoimmune gastritis with pernicious anemia.
Adrenal insufficiency can also result when a patient has a craniopharyngioma, which is a histologically benign tumor that can damage the pituitary gland and so cause the adrenal glands not to function.
Causes of adrenal insufficiency can be categorized by the mechanism through which they cause the adrenal glands to produce insufficient cortisol.
These are adrenal dysgenesis (the gland has not formed adequately during development), impaired steroidogenesis (the gland is present but is biochemically unable to produce cortisol) or adrenal destruction (disease processes leading to glandular damage).
Use of high-dose steroids for more than a week begins to produce suppression of the person's adrenal glands because the exogenous glucocorticoids suppress release of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
With prolonged suppression, the adrenal glands atrophy (physically shrink), and can take months to recover full function after discontinuation of the exogenous glucocorticoid.
During this recovery time, the person is vulnerable to adrenal insufficiency during times of stress, such as illness, due to both adrenal atrophy and suppression of CRH and ACTH release.
Of the synthesis problems, congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most common (in various forms: 21-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase, 11β-hydroxylase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), lipoid CAH due to deficiency of StAR and mitochondrial DNA mutations.
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex is caused by an immune reaction against the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (a phenomenon first described in 1992).
This may be isolated or in the context of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS type 1 or 2), in which other hormone-producing organs, such as the thyroid and pancreas, may also be affected.
Adrenal destruction is also a feature of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), and when the adrenal glands are involved in metastasis (seeding of cancer cells from elsewhere in the body, especially lung), hemorrhage (e.g.
Low levels of glucocorticoids leads to systemic hypotension (one of the effects of cortisol is to increase peripheral resistance), which results in a decrease in stretch of the arterial baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and the aortic arch.
This removes the tonic vagal and glossopharyngeal inhibition on the central release of ADH: high levels of ADH will ensue, which will subsequently lead to increase in water retention and hyponatremia.
Differently from mineralocorticoid deficiency, glucocorticoid deficiency does not cause a negative sodium balance (in fact a positive sodium balance may occur).
The best diagnostic tool to confirm adrenal insufficiency is the ACTH stimulation test; however, if a patient is suspected to be suffering from an acute adrenal crisis, immediate treatment with IV corticosteroids is imperative and should not be delayed for any testing, as the patient's health can deteriorate rapidly and result in death without replacing the corticosteroids.
Dexamethasone should be used as the corticosteroid if the plan is to do the ACTH stimulation test at a later time as it is the only corticosteroid that will not affect the test results.
If not performed during crisis, then labs to be run should include: random cortisol, serum ACTH, aldosterone, renin, potassium and sodium.
However, in order to check the functionality of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis the entire axis must be tested by way of ACTH stimulation test, CRH stimulation test and perhaps an Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT).
In order to check for Addison’s Disease, the auto-immune type of primary adrenal insufficiency, labs should be drawn to check 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies.
Vocalist Alex Chilton went on to front the power pop band Big Star and to launch a career as a solo artist, during which he occasionally performed songs he had sung with the Box Tops.
By January 1967 the group was composed of founding member Danny Smythe (drums, background vocal), along with newer arrivals John Evans (guitar, keyboards, background vocal), Alex Chilton (lead vocal, guitar), Bill Cunningham (bass guitar, keyboards, background vocal; son of Sun Records artist Buddy Blake Cunningham and brother of B.B.
They would soon change their name to The Box Tops to prevent confusion with another band recording at the time, The DeVilles of New York.
Though under two minutes in length, it was an international hit by September 1967, reaching Billboard's number-one position and remaining there for four weeks.
The record, produced by Dan Penn, sold over four million copies, received two Grammy Award nominations, and was awarded a gold disc.
Some of the group's instrumental tracks were performed by session musicians like Reggie Young, Tommy Cogbill, Gene Chrisman, and Bobby Womack at American Sound Studio.
They were replaced by bassist Rick Allen (born January 28, 1946, Little Rock, Arkansas) from the Gentrys and drummer Thomas Boggs (born July 16, 1944, Wynne, Arkansas, died May 5, 2008, Memphis, Tennessee) from the Board of Directors.
Towards the end of 1968, the band switched producers, with Dan Penn being replaced by the team of Cogbill and Chips Moman.
Eventually the group's tolerance for the disrespect and fleecing they had endured as teen musicians from managers, lawyers, and promoters came to an end.
Each of the original members went on to work in the music industry in subsequent years after leaving the Box Tops.
Chilton's career path included work performing with Big Star, Tav Falco's Panther Burns, and his solo trio, as well as briefly producing groups like The Cramps.
Guitarist Talley went on to work in a variety of styles as a session guitarist and songwriter in Memphis, Atlanta, and Nashville.
Artists and producers he has worked with have ranged from Billy Preston, Hank Ballard, Chips Moman, Billy Lee Riley, Billy Joe Royal, Webb Pierce, Waylon Jennings, Tracy Nelson, Willie Nelson, and Tammy Wynette to Sam and Dave's Sam Moore, and others.
He recorded two albums for Appaloosa Records with the group Fish Heads & Rice, Certified in 1991, and 4 Heads in 1994.
During his classical music career, he played with some of the world's best performers; at Cunningham's last public classical music performance, for instance, he performed at the White House with Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman.
Evans played occasionally in Memphis groups after the Box Tops, while working as a luthier, eventually switching to a computer network administrator career.
Smythe performed in Memphis soul and blues groups in the 1970s, later changing to a career in art by the 1980s, but returned to music performance in the 1990s.
There was a one-off Box Tops charity concert in Nashville, Tennessee, at a venue called Ace of Clubs in 1989 for Harold Cloud's family member.
At this show the group was also augmented by backup singers Tracy Nelson, Jonell Mosser, and Kim Morrison and a full horn section.
The album also featured horn arrangements and performances by The Memphis Horns, who subsequently participated in some of the group's concerts.
Sold-out Box Tops concerts in Germany in 2003 were aired on German radio, and the group's 2005 tour schedule showed a number of American dates planned despite the group members' busy careers outside the band.
Cunningham, Talley, and Rick Levy joined the Happy Together Tour performing to sold out shows across the U.S., together with Flo and Eddie of The Turtles, Chuck Negron of Three Dog Night, The Association, The Cowsills, and Ron Dante of The Archies.
Mariano Azuela González (January 1, 1873 – March 1, 1952) was a Mexican author and physician, best known for his fictional stories of the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
These works mainly depicts the satirical picture of life in post revolutionary Mexico sharply and angrily stigmatizing demagoguery and political intrigue.
Azuela was born in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco to a small, but successful rancher, Evaristo Azuela and Paulina Azuela, on January 1, 1873.
He grew up in a small farm owned by his father, which later influences the settings in many of his fictional works.
in 1899, practicing medicine first in his home town of Lagos de Moreno, and later, after the Mexican revolution, practiced in Mexico City.
When Porfirio Díaz was overthrown, Azuela was made Chief of Political Affairs of Lagos de Moreno in 1911 and state Director of Education of Jalisco in 1914 by president Francisco I. Madero.
He traveled with the military forces of Julián Medina, a follower of Pancho Villa, where he served as a field doctor.
He later was forced for a time to emigrate to El Paso, Texas when the counterrevolutionary forces of Victoriano Huerta were temporarily triumphant.
He fought for a better Mexico, and he believed the Revolution corrected some injustices, but it has given rise to others equally deplorable.
Through studying the encyclopedic entries of Nicolás Kanellos, Brown Foundation Professor of Hispanic Studies teaching at the University of Houston, in The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature discussing Mariano Azuela's involvement in The Mexican Revolution, the strong influence and lasting impressions of the revolution on his writing career become evident.
Kanellos stresses in his encyclopedic entry the persisting role of history and its portrayal in Azuela's work, but he also emphasizes the manner in history, in particular the Mexican Revolution, essentially birthed Azuela's writing career.
Azuela must thus emphasize Demetrio's heritage for the readers to understand what is at stake in the novel if cultural identity is lost.
In 1917 he moved to Mexico City where, for the rest of his life, he continued his writing, and worked as a doctor among the poor.
On April 8, 1943 he became a founding member of Mexico's National College, where he gave lectures on Mexican, French, and Spanish novelists, and on his own literary experiences.
He died in Mexico City March 1, 1952 and was placed in a sepulchre of the Panteón Civil in the Rotonda de los Hombres Ilustres.
It was held on May 15–16 at California State University, Los Angeles and contained speakers who were scholars of either Mariano Azuela or the works of the Mexican Revolution.
Wayne Easter (born June 22, 1949) is a Canadian politician who has been the elected member of parliament for the riding of Malpeque since 1993.
Born in North Wiltshire, Prince Edward Island, the son of A. Leith Easter and Hope MacLeod, he was educated at the Charlottetown Rural High School and the Nova Scotia Agricultural College.
Easter received an honorary doctorate of law degree from University of Prince Edward Island in 1988 for his work and contribution to agriculture and social activism on the national and international level.
Easter is a member of the Liberal Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the electoral district of Malpeque in the province of Prince Edward Island since 1993.
Easter entered federal politics in 1993 when he was elected as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Malpeque, P.E.I.
He also served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans from 1997–1999, and to the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food, with a special emphasis on rural development from 2004–2006.
He was the critic for Agriculture and Agri-Food and the Canadian Wheat Board from 2006–2011, International Trade from 2011–2013, and Liberal Party critic for Public Safety from 2013–2015.
Easter currently holds the position of Co-Chair for the Canada- U.S. Inter-Parliamentary Association, and is also the current Chair of the Finance Committee.
He was a son of Jindřich (d. after 1169), a younger brother of Duke Vladislaus II of Bohemia, and his wife Margaret.
After brilliant studies at the University of Paris, he returned to Bohemia and was named provost at the Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul in Vyšehrad.
Henry Bretislaus was elected on March 25 of the same year as successor of the late Prague bishop Valentin, and went to Mainz to receive affirmation by Metropolitan Christian I.
Bretislaus soon came into conflict with Duke Frederick of Bohemia, who had regained the Bohemian throne in 1178 and usurped discretionary power over ecclesiastical properties.
In turn, the emperor elevated Henry Bretislaus to a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, providing that the Prague bishop was only subject to the Holy Roman Emperor.
In the ongoing quarrels over the Prague throne between Duke Frederick and his successors Conrad II and Wenceslaus II, he supported Ottokar, a younger son of the late King Vladislaus II with his second wife Judith of Thuringia.
In 1192, Ottokar usurped the Bohemian throne from Wenceslaus II, allied with his younger brother Vladislaus Henry, Prince of Brno and Znojmo, whom he appointed Margrave of Moravia.
While on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, he was captured by Henry VI, who held him captive at his court.
When Ottokar joined a revolt of several German princes against the ruling House of Hohenstaufen, he and his brother and Vladislaus Henry were declared deposed in June 1193 by a decision of the Imperial Diet at Worms.
Ottokar was abandoned by the nobility and fled; the emperor exempted his cousin Bishop Henry Bretislaus from the payment and enfeoffed him with the Bohemian duchy.
Margrave Vladislaus Henry was summoned to Prague Castle, where he had to spend the following years suspiciously eyed by Duke Bretislaus.
To make amends, he planned to take part in the German Crusade of 1197, decided on at the diet of Worms of December 1195, but due to his prolonged illness it was never actualised.
When Ottokar marched against Prague, Henry Bretislaus proceeded to the Imperial Palace in Eger (Cheb), where he died on 15 or 19 June 1197.
Shortly afterwards, he came to terms with his brother Ottokar, who finally ascended the Prague throne and the next year obtained the royal title from Philip of Swabia, confirmed by the German king Frederick II in the 1212 Golden Bull of Sicily.
The Alfa Romeo SZ (Sprint Zagato) or ES-30 (Experimental Sportscar 3.0 litre) is a high-performance limited-production sports car/road-concept car built between 1989 and 1991 by a partnership between Centro Stile Zagato, Centro Stile Alfa Romeo and Centro Stile Fiat.
It was unveiled as the ES-30 at the 1989 Geneva Motor Show as a prototype by Zagato, although the car was mainly built by them - not designed mechanically.
Robert Opron of the Fiat design studio was responsible for the initial sketches while Antonio Castellana was largely responsible for the final styling details and interior.
The car possessed unusual headlights positioned in a trio on each side - a styling used more subtly on later Alfa Romeos in the 2000s.
Mechanically and engine-wise, the car was based on the Alfa Romeo 75, production being carried out by Zagato at Terrazzano di Rho near the Alfa factory in Arese.
The suspension was taken from the Alfa 75 group A/IMSA car, and modified by Giorgio Pianta, engineer and team manager of the Lancia and Fiat rally works team.
The two-seater hard roof version also saw a convertible version, the RZ (for Roadster Zagato), produced from 1992 until December 1994.
Although almost identical to look at the two cars had completely different body panels save for the front wings and boot.
The RZ had a revised bumper and door sills to give better ground clearance and the bonnet no longer featured the aggressive ridges.
Although the interior layout was almost unchanged from the SZ, the RZ had a painted central console that swept up between the seats to conceal the convertible roof storage area.
350 units were planned but production was halted after 252 units when the Zagato factory producing the cars for Alfa Romeo went into receivership, a further 32 cars were then completed under the control of the receivers before production finished at 284 units.
Rodger Trueman Cuzner (born November 4, 1955) is a Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Cape Breton—Canso and its predecessor, Bras d'Or—Cape Breton, from 2000 to 2019.
For most of 2003, he served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister under Jean Chrétien, and served as Parliamentary Secretary for Employment, Workforce Development and Labour in the Trudeau government.
He worked as the Special Event Coordinator for the Cape Breton Department of Recreation, Culture and Facilities, where he was responsible for major events like the Millennium Countdown 2000.
Cuzner was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Bras d'Or—Cape Breton and, later, Cape Breton—Canso.
Cuzner served as Parliamentary Secretary to former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien from January 13, 2003 to December 11, 2003 and held other key positions within the Liberal Caucus, including chair of Nova Scotia Caucus, chair of Atlantic Caucus, and Chief Opposition Whip.
The Independent Women's Football League (IWFL) is a full-contact Women's American football league that was founded in 2000 and began play in 2001.
It is one of three 11-on-11 U.S. football leagues for women, along with the Women's Football Alliance and the United States Women's Football League, and the oldest of the three.
The league was founded by Catherine Masters in 2000, as the two benchmark teams, the Alabama Renegades and the Nashville Dream played each other six times in exhibition games.
With teams across the United States, the WPFL had its first game in 1999 with just two original teams: the Lake Michigan Minx and the Minnesota Vixens.
In the early 1960s, many women thought that sports in the US were sexist and needed to shift in another direction, moving beyond the stereotype that women were passive.
This sentiment formed the background for the women's football league that was started in order to prove that women had the power to do what men did, with hopes that people would enjoy women's football as much as they did men's.
Since there were no college women's football teams in the US, most of their athletes came from basketball, rugby, and association football (soccer).
In 1999 two businessmen, Carter Turner and Terry Sullivan, decided to research the feasibility of a professional women’s football league by gathering together top female athletes into two teams and playing an exhibition game in front of an audience.
This first season ended with some turmoil however; the regular season was shortened by several games, players were not given their promised $100 per-game salaries, and there were allegations regarding instability with some of the league's financial backers.
Notable changes included the departure of founders Sullivan and Turner (Turner then founded the WAFL; restructure of the league by several WPFL team owners: Melissa Korpacz - New England Storm, Robin Howington - Houston Energy, and Donna Roebuck and Dee Kennamer - Austin Rage; changes to player/team compensation; and the moving of the start of the season from fall to summer.
Goater's first professional club was Manchester United, but he did not reach the first team, making his League debut in 1989 after moving to Rotherham United.
He is most well known for his time at Manchester City, where he scored over 100 goals between 1998 and 2003, finishing as the club's top scorer for four consecutive seasons.
His introduction to English football came in April 1987 when he was invited to join the Saltus Grammar School football and basketball tour.
At the age of 17, he left home to further his education in the United States, where he had a soccer scholarship at Columbia High School, New Jersey.
Whilst home in Bermuda during his Thanksgiving break, Goater was spotted by scouts from Manchester United, who invited him to England for a trial.
However, he gradually got used to living in England, and over the course of seven seasons at Rotherham he gained a reputation as a reliable lower division striker, scoring 86 goals in 262 appearances, with a winner's medal for the 1996 Auto Windscreens Shield the highlight.
In 1993, Goater also had a brief loan spell at Notts County, though he made only one appearance for the Nottingham club due to a work permit problem.
Towards the end of the 1995–96 season, Goater had a disagreement with Rotherham manager Archie Gemmill, and decided his future lay elsewhere.
In the 1995–96 close season, Goater received offers from Spanish club Osasuna and newly formed South Koreans Suwon Samsung Bluewings, but having recently married, he decided to stay in England.
The following season Bristol City were pushing for promotion into the First Division, and Goater scored regularly, eventually being named in the PFA Team of the Year for the division.
Goater joined Manchester City at a turbulent point in their history, with newly appointed manager Joe Royle battling to save the club from relegation to the Second Division.
Goater scored three goals in the seven remaining matches of the 1997–98 season, but this was not enough to prevent the club from being relegated to the third tier of English Football for the first time ever.
The last of these was the winning goal in a play-off semi-final against Wigan Athletic, sending Manchester City to Wembley Stadium for a playoff final which saw City promoted after a penalty shootout.
He was the club's top goal scorer again, this time with 29 goals, and was named Manchester City's Player of the Year by the supporters after Manchester City were promoted for the second successive year.
The following season, Goater made his first appearance in top flight football at the age of 30, though injury and the presence of new signings Paulo Wanchope and former World Player of the Year George Weah meant he had to wait three months to do so.
Again established in the first team, Goater was Manchester City's top goalscorer for the third consecutive season, but his 11 goals could not save the team from relegation.
During the 2000–01 close season, upheaval took place at Manchester City, with manager Royle departing to be replaced by Kevin Keegan.
In the 2001–02 season, Goater became the first Manchester City player since Francis Lee in 1972 to score more than 30 goals in a season.
City were promoted as champions, and he was the club's top scorer for the fourth time in a row, as well as being the top scorer in the division.
Over the summer of 2001–02, there was speculation that Goater would be transferred, as Manchester City had twice broken their transfer record by buying strikers Jon Macken and Nicolas Anelka.
He started just 14 games, but scored seven goals, including his 100th for the club, which came in a derby match against local rivals Manchester United.
In February 2003, Goater struck against the same opposition to score the fastest goal by a substitute in Premier League history, just 9 seconds after coming onto the pitch.
Shortly before the end of the 2002–03 season, Goater announced his intention to leave Manchester City when the season finished in order to seek regular first team football.
In his final match for Manchester City, he was asked to captain the side in Manchester City's final game at Maine Road.
Since ending his footballing career, Goater has been critical of both Kevin Keegan, who he claims never praised him and Nicolas Anelka, who he feels wanted to be 'the daddy' of Manchester City.
Shortly after Goater's arrival, Reading manager Alan Pardew left for West Ham United, and Pardew's replacement, Steve Coppell, did not regard Goater as part of his plans.
Goater and three other partners in the Bermuda-based East End Group Limited announced an amalgamation with Telecommunications Networks Limited (now renamed East End Telecom) on 9 November 2007, which added to the group's two other business subsidiaries, East End Asphalt and East End Aviation.
Goater has also played for the Bermudian national team 36 times, scoring 32 goals, though due to Bermuda's lowly standing in world football he never played in a major international tournament.
During the 1992–93 season, Goater missed eight weeks of the club season in order to represent his country in qualifying for the 1994 World Cup.
Before he went to England he was just quick, but now he's a totally different player, a lot more aggressive and a much better header of the ball.
Goater has expressed a wish to enter coaching following his retirement, and studied for the UEFA B coaching licence in 2005.
On 14 September 2006, Goater and the United Soccer Leagues announced that Bermuda would receive a professional football team that would play in the third division of American football, the USL Second Division.
On 8 August 2015, it was announced that Goater would join Northern Premier League Division One North club New Mills as assistant manager to Andy Fearn.
Goater is married to Anita, his childhood sweetheart, and has two daughters, Amaya and Anais (born 3 October 2000 in Wythenshawe, Manchester).
After serving four years as a naval officer, Stark went into the family business, the Stark Brothers' Nursery, as vice-president and general manager.
He served one term as the Governor of Missouri from 1937 to 1941 and was a delegate to Democratic National Convention from Missouri in 1940.
During his gubernatorial term, Stark's administration established the Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, abolished interstate trade barriers, passed a police reorganization bill, and established a merit system for selection of state employees.
Lloyd Stark had a fierce political rivalry with Harry S. Truman, against whom he ran for the Senate in 1940—and lost when he and the prosecutor (Maurice M. Milligan), who toppled the Kansas City political machine, split the anti-Pendergast vote in the Democratic primary.
Although the loss to Truman heralded the end of Stark's political career, he spent the remainder of his working life managing the Stark Brothers Nurseries.
The falling out between Stark and Kansas City boss Tom Pendergast following the 1936 election is widely believed to have been the turning point in Pendergast's fall from power.
Lloyd Stark was part of a family rather prominent in Missouri and was active with his brother Paul in the then family-owned business Stark Brothers' Nursery (the oldest nursery in America and at one time the largest in the world).
The uncle of Lloyd Stark and Charles Stark Draper, state representative, James O. Stark was a prominent supporter and adviser of presidential contender and Speaker of the House, Champ Clark (despite this connection, Clark's son Bennett, Missouri's other Senator, crucially supported Truman in 1940) - and the husband of the niece of Republican anti-slavery activist Elihu Washburne.
Stark's home at Louisiana from 1915 to 1940 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 as the Gov.
Friedrich Adam von Trott zu Solz (9 August 1909 – 26 August 1944) was a German lawyer and diplomat who was involved in the conservative resistance to Nazism.
A declared opponent of the Nazi regime from the beginning, he actively participated in the Kreisau Circle of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and Peter Yorck von Wartenburg.
Together with Claus von Stauffenberg and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg he conspired in the 20 July plot, and was supposed to be appointed Secretary of State in the Foreign Office and lead negotiator with the Western Allies if they had succeeded.
He was the fifth child of the Prussian Culture Minister August von Trott zu Solz (1855–1938) and Emilie Eleonore (1875–1948), née von Schweinitz, whose father served as German ambassador in Vienna and Saint Petersburg.
By her mother Anna Jay, Emilie Eleonore was a great-great granddaughter of John Jay, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first Chief Justice.
Von Trott developed a strong interest in international politics during a stay in Geneva, seat of the League of Nations, for several weeks in Autumn 1928.
He spent Hilary term of 1929 in Oxford studying theology at Mansfield College, Oxford, when he became friends with the historian A. L. Rowse, and returned to the UK in 1931 on a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Balliol College, Oxford where he became a close friend of David Astor and an acquaintance of the eminent philosopher R. G. Collingwood.
Rowse, who was gay, developed an intense infatuation with the heterosexual Trott, calling him one of the most beautiful, intelligent and charming men he had ever met.
Deeply influenced by the theories of Hegel, Trott believed that the most pressing issue raised by the Great Depression would be how to seek a synthesis of conservatism and socialism, which he believed to be the only solution to the Great Depression.
In the same letter, Trott argued that what was needed was an economic system that guaranteed every man a job, saying that the freedom of the individual counted for nothing if one was unemployed.
Somewhat to the shock of his conservative father, Trott was willing in the early 1930s to exchange ideas with Social Democrats as he set about developing a sort of socialist conservatism.
Given the closeness in relations between China and Germany, as a German citizen, Trott enjoyed a certain privileged status in China, as Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek had often described Nazi Germany as a model for China.
The British historian D.C. Watt rather dismissively wrote that Trott was an impractical idealist who spent of much of 1937 and 1938 in China looking for the answers of the problems of the modern life by studying Confucianism and Taoism.
The Confucian ideal of rule by enlightened and philosophical mandarins also appealed to Trott as an inspiration for a political system.
The Confucian principle that mandarins should not serve an unjust emperor and it was better to suffer and die rather than serve a tyrant influenced Trott's political thinking.
Together with his Chinese teacher who served as his translator, Trott traveled several times to Beijing to talk to various Confucian scholars living in that city, hoping to find the spirituality that he believed that the West was lacking and needed so desperately.
One of Trott's closest friends was the British journalist Shiela Grant Duff who however passionately disagreed with him over the issue of Czechoslovakia, a country that she admired and loved as much he hated it.
The Chinese historian Liang Hsi-Huey wrote there was a certain dichotomy in Trott's thinking between his dislike of the Nazis vs. his support for Germany's great power ambitions, which made for an ambivalent attitude towards Nazi foreign policy.
Liang, whose father Liang Lone was the Chinese minister in Prague between 1933–39, wrote that people like Trott, conservative nationalists opposed to Hitler and who sympathised with China in its struggle against Japan, had much difficulty with accepting the thesis that nations like Czechoslovakia had the right to exist.
Weizsäcker was a man of extreme anti-Polish prejudices, who warmly welcomed the idea of a war to destroy Poland, but was rather less keen on the idea of a war with Britain, hence his repeated efforts to sever Britain from Poland in 1939.
Like Weizsäcker, Trott was unwilling to consider returning the Sudetenland, but he was prepared to consider restoring Czech independence in exchange for Germany taking back all of the lands lost to Poland after World War I.
As a Rhodes scholar, Trott was able to use his friends from days in Oxford in the Establishment to meet the Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and the Foreign Secretary, Lord Halifax, in June 1939.
When Trott returned to Germany, Weizsäcker tried to set up a meeting where Trott would brief Hitler and Ribbentrop about his British visit, but neither wanted to see him.
The German historian Hans Mommsen wrote the majority of the conservatives opposed to Hitler in no way wanted a return to the democratic Weimar Republic, which they also rejected, instead looking back to the reformers who restructured Prussia during the Napoleonic wars as their ideal and role model.
In regards to foreign policy, the anti-Nazi conservatives believed that Hitler's foreign policy goal of making Germany into Europe's number one power was a correct one.
Their objections to Nazi foreign policy were only that Hitler was executing his foreign policy in a reckless, adventurist way that threatened to create a coalition that would defeat Germany; it was only the means, not the ends of Hitler's foreign policy that they were opposed to.
Trott did not understand the way in which British public opinion had changed as he spent much time in Britain attacking the Treaty of Versailles in such violent language that many of his British friends came to believe that he was no different from the Nazis.
In Trott's viewpoint, only the rule by Germany's traditional elites who were committed to conservative values and would rule according to the rule of law could ensure a truly just society.
In August 1939, the British government repeatedly warned Germany that an attack on Poland would cause a war with Britain, in part out of the hope that the Wehrmacht would indeed overthrow Hitler rather than risk another world war.
Despite the promises of numerous messengers, the Wehrmacht stayed loyal to Germany, continued on with the conquest of Poland, and made no effort to depose Hitler.
In October 1939, Trott went to the United States to attend a conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations in Virginia Beach in November 1939.
On his way to the United States, Trott was almost interned in Gibraltar as an enemy alien where his ship had stopped, but was able to persuade the British officials that he was an Afrikaner from South Africa, using his Balliol tie as proof that he attended Balliol College (which was true), which meant he could not be a German (which was not).
During the conference in Virginia Beach, Trott met numerous members of the business and academic worlds of the United States and Canada who were interested in China.
He did not openly defend Nazi principles, but confined himself to several recapitulations of the German case on the usual well-known lines, which might be employed by Germans of nearly any political complexion.
In private conversation, however, he used a very different tone, frankly declaring himself an anti-Nazi, yet maintaining that Germany must keep much of what she had taken in Poland.
Trott's proposals were passed on to the US Department of State, the Canadian Ministry of External Affairs and the British Embassy in Washington D.C, where the reaction was deeply negative as the consensus was that Germany would have to give up its gains in Poland and the Czech lands as the price for peace, something that Trott had indicated that he no interest in doing.
However, Trott's suggestions for the basis of peace, which he wrote down after meeting several German emigres in the United States were passed on the White House and led President Roosevelt to send Summer Welles, the undersecretary at the State Department, on a peace mission to Europe in February 1940 to try to mediate an end to the war.
Friends warned Trott not to return to Germany but his conviction that he had to do something to stop the madness of Hitler and his henchmen led him to return.
At the same time, he served as a foreign policy advisor to the clandestine group of intellectuals planning the overthrow of the Nazi regime known as the Kreisau Circle.
In late spring 1941, Wilhelm Keppler, Secretary of State (Staatssekretär) at the German Foreign Office, was appointed director of Special Bureau for India (Sonderreferat Indien) created in the Information Ministry to aid, and liaise with, Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose, former president of the Indian National Congress, who had arrived in Berlin in early April 1941.
Trott used the cover of the Special Bureau for his anti-Nazi activities, traveling to Scandinavia, Switzerland, and Turkey, and in addition, all of Nazi-occupied Europe to seek out German military officers opposing Nazism.
According to historian Leonard A. Gordon, there were also tensions between Trott and Bose's wife, Emilie Schenkl, each disliking the other intensely.
Trott was a member of the Kreisau Circle, a group of intellectuals who believed in a sort of conservative Christian socialism who met at the estate of Count von Moltke in Kreisau in Silesia.
The Kreisau Circle was in contact with the main opposition group led by General Ludwig Beck and Carl Frederich Goerdeler, but differed with the Beck-Goerdeler group over a number of issues.
On 22 January 1943, at the house of Count Peter Hans Yorck von Wartenburg, a meeting was held between the two groups.
After the meeting of 22 January, no conferences were held, but Trott and von der Schulenburg remained in regular contact with Hassell and Popitiz.
Like most other German conservatives, Trott had deep doubts about the intelligence and morality of ordinary people, holding that only an elite had the necessary qualities to govern.
Certain underground Social Democratic politicians complained of an increase of the appeal of the underground Communist Party and of the Soviet sponsored Free German National Committee among the German working class.
Trott stated that after three years of war with the Soviet Union that the Wehrmacht now had considerable respect for the fighting power of the Red Army, and claimed that the propaganda of Free Germany Committee in Moscow which made a distinction between the German people and the Nazi regime was having much impact in Germany.
an edited version of the lecture given by the German historian Joachim Fest at the inauguration of the Adam von Trott Meeting Room at Balliol College, Oxford.
The Adam von Trott Memorial Appeal at Mansfield College runs annual lectures on themes relevant to his life and work, and funds scholarships for young Germans to read for a master's degree in politics at the college.
He was survived by her, who was jailed for some months, and by their two daughters, who were taken from their grandmother's house by the Gestapo and given to Nazi Party families for adoption.
Alfonso Carrasquel Colón, better known as Chico Carrasquel (January 23, 1926 – May 26, 2005), was a Venezuelan professional baseball player.
He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop for the Chicago White Sox (1950–1955), Cleveland Indians (1956–1958), Kansas City Athletics (1958) and the Baltimore Orioles (1959).
Carrasquel was the first in a long line of Major League shortstops from Venezuela including, Luis Aparicio, Dave Concepción, Ozzie Guillén and Omar Vizquel among others.
He was notable for his excellent defensive abilities and for being the first Latin American in MLB history to start in an All-Star Game.
Born in Caracas, Carrasquel began his professional baseball career in at the age of 17 with the Cervecería Caracas team, where he hit the first home run in Venezuelan Professional Baseball League history.
Carrasquel provided good fielding and hit .315 during the season and .364 in the playoffs to help spur the Cats to the 1949 Texas League championship.
His inability to speak English fluently may have caused Dodgers General Manager Branch Rickey to sell him to the Chicago White Sox although, Rickey later admitted that the move was a mistake.
White Sox' General Manager Frank Lane solved the language communication problem by trading Carrasquel's uncle Alex for reliever Witto Aloma, who served as the interpreter between Carrasquel and White Sox' manager Jack Onslow.
Carrasquel joined the White Sox in 1950, becoming the third Venezuelan to play in Major League Baseball after his uncle, Alex Carrasquel (Washington Senators, 1939) and Chucho Ramos (Cincinnati Reds, in 1944).
Carrasquel soon established himself as an excellent defensive player, combining with second baseman Nellie Fox to make one of the best double play combinations in the league.
As a rookie, Carrasquel hit for a career-high .282 batting average in 141 games and, amassed a 24-game hitting streak until Red Sox pitcher Ellis Kinder stopped the streak.
In September, he suffered a torn cartilage in his right knee and had to sit out the remainder of the season.
Carrasquel finished the season ranked third in voting for the American League Rookie of the Year Award, behind Walt Dropo and Whitey Ford, and finished 12th in the American League Most Valuable Player Award ballot.
In , Carrasquel beat out the reigning American League Most Valuable Player, Phil Rizzuto, in voting for the shortstop of the American League in the 1951 All-Star Game.
On July 19, 1951, Carrasquel broke Rizzuto's Major League record by handling 297 consecutive chances in 53 games without committing an error.
The record would stand for 18 years until , when Don Kessinger of the Chicago Cubs set a new record by playing in 54 games without committing an error.
In November 1951, it was reported that Boston Red Sox manager, Lou Boudreau, wanted to trade Ted Williams for Carrasquel but, Lane refused the offer.
Carrasquel had an off year in 1952 as, a broken finger and then weight problems saw his batting average drop to .248 in 100 games.
After the 1952 season, trade rumors reportedly had the Cleveland Indians offering the American League's runs batted in champion, Al Rosen, in exchange for Carrasquel but, the trade never transpired.
In 1953, Carrasquel was once again voted as the starting shortstop for the American League in the 1953 All-Star Game and ended the season first among the league's shortstops in fielding percentage.
During spring training in 1954, it was reported that White Sox manager Paul Richards was not pleased with Carrasquel's lack of effort on the field.
Carrasquel responded with his most productive season in when, he was voted to make his third start as the American League shortstop in the 1954 All-Star Game and, posted career-highs in home runs (12), RBI (62), hits (158), runs (106), extra-base hits (43), walks (85).
Batting as the White Sox leadoff hitter, he led the league in games played and in plate appearances while hitting for a .255 batting average.
In July 1955, new White Sox manager, Marty Marion, replaced Carrasquel in favor of shortstop Jim Brideweser, citing Carrasquel's lackadaisical efforts and indifferent attitude towards playing.
There was some speculation among major league managers that, playing in the Venezuelan Winter League during the off-season might be wearing him down.
Between spring training, the regular major league season, and then a season of winter baseball in Venezuela, Carrasquel was playing in approximately 300 games a year.
He still showed flashes of his former self as in a game against the Baltimore Orioles on August 23 when, he scored from first base on a bunt.
Nellie Fox hit a bunt down the third base line and, when Orioles third baseman, Gus Triandos, left his base to field the ball, Carrasquel rounded second base and continued to third, where he was called safe on a close play.
When the Orioles argued with the umpire without calling a time out, Carrasquel dashed to home plate without drawing a throw.
Although his dedication was being called into question by Marion and the sporting press, Carrasquel still finished among the league leaders in assists, putouts and in fielding percentage.
Carrasquel had been instrumental in helping the White Sox sign another young, Venezuelan shortstop named Luis Aparicio, who went on to become a perennial All-Star player and was eventually inducted into the Hall of Fame.
By , Aparicio was deemed ready to play in the major leagues and, with Marion dissatisfied with Carrasquel's level of play, he was traded along with Jim Busby to the Cleveland Indians for Larry Doby in October of that year.
After two and a half seasons with the Indians, Carrasquel was traded to the Kansas City Athletics for Billy Hunter in June 1958.
He played half a season for the Athletics before they traded him to the Baltimore Orioles for Dick Williams in October 1958.
On May 10, 1959, Carrasquel was hit above his left eye by a thrown baseball as he was running the base paths and had to be carried off the field.
During a physical examination in September, it was discovered that Carrasquel only had fifty percent of his vision in his left eye, perhaps stemming from the May incident.
He became a free agent and signed a contract to play for the Chicago White Sox in January 1960 but, was released at the beginning of the season.
Carrasquel then signed with the Montreal Royals of the International League in April but, was released after hitting for a .206 average in 35 games.
In a ten-year major league career, Carrasquel played in 1,325 games, accumulating 1,199 hits in 4,644 at bats for a .258 career batting average along with 55 home runs, 474 runs batted in and a .333 on-base percentage.
A four-time All-Star, Carrasquel led the American League three times in fielding percentage, once in assists and finished his career with a .969 fielding percentage.
Carrasquel returned to his native Venezuela where continued to play in the Venezuelan Winter League until when, he retired as an active player at the age of 41.
He later worked as a color commentator on the White Sox' Spanish language broadcasts from to and, as the team's Community Relations Representative until .
In , the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League honored Carrasquel by renaming the Puerto la Cruz baseball stadium as the Estadio Alfonso Chico Carrasquel.
On the occasion of Ozzie Guillén's first home game as White Sox manager in the season, Carrasquel joined Guillén and fellow Venezuelans Luis Aparicio and Dave Concepción in throwing out the first ball at the home opener.
As the first Venezuelan to become a star player in Major League Baseball, Carrasquel became a national idol and was an influential figure in his native country.
His accomplishments as a player influenced the aspirations of future Latin players including Aparicio and, helped pave the way for their baseball careers.
At a time during the cold war when communists threatened to destabilize the country, Walter Donnelly, the United States Ambassador to Venezuela, arranged for members of the Carrasquel family, Venezuelan sportswriters and ballplayers to come to Yankee Stadium for an International Day honoring Carrasquel in July .
A member of the Washburn family, which played a prominent role in the early formation of the United States Republican Party, he served as a congressman from Illinois before and during the American Civil War.
During Grant's administration, Washburne was the 25th United States Secretary of State briefly in 1869, and was the United States Minister to France from 1869 to 1877.
In his youth, when his family became destitute, Washburne left home in Maine at the age of 14, to support himself and further his education.
After working for newspapers in Maine and studying law, Washburne passed the bar and moved to Galena, Illinois, where he became a partner in a successful law firm.
Washburne was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1852 and served from 1853 to 1869, which included the American Civil War and the first part of Reconstruction.
While advocating Lincoln's war policy, Washburne sponsored an up-and-coming Grant; they were acquainted because Grant had moved to Galena shortly before the war to work in his father's leather goods business.
Washburne was Grant's advocate in Congress throughout the war, and their friendship and association lasted through Grant's two terms as president.
As a leader of the Radical Republicans, Washburne opposed the Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson and supported African American suffrage and civil rights.
Washburne was appointed United States Secretary of State in 1869 by President Grant, out of respect for his championship of Grant's career during the Civil War, and to give Washburne diplomatic clout after being appointed minister to France.
Washburne's tenure as Secretary of State lasted for only eleven days, but he served in France for eight years, where he became known for diplomatic integrity and his humanitarian support of Americans, other neutrals, and Germans in France during the Franco-Prussian War.
He did not garner wide support, but Grant had been the front runner for an unprecedented third term, and was disappointed when the party eventually turned to dark horse James A. Garfield.
In retirement, Washburne published a biography of anti-slavery politician Edward Coles, and a memoir of his own diplomatic career in France.
His grandfather served as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolution and was a descendant of John Washburne, who served as Secretary of the Plymouth Colony while in England; he was an original Puritan colonist who emigrated to America in 1631 settled in Duxbury, Massachusetts.
Washburne's father settled in Maine in 1806 and set up a shipbuilding trade at Whites Landing on the Kennebec River in 1808.
Following Puritan heritage, Israel was a strict disciplinarian and Washburne and his siblings were instructed in the Bible and put to work daily in the fields and on other chores, with no time for leisure.
Washburne's family came into financial hard times in 1829, and his father, who was then in the mercantile business, was forced to sell his general store.
The family was destitute and forced to rely on farming for subsistence, while Washburne and several of his brothers had to fend for themselves.
Washburne attended Maine Wesleyan Seminary, studied law with Judge John Otis, and completed his legal studies with a year at Harvard Law School from 1839 to 1840.
On July 31, 1845, Washburne married Adele Gratiot, the niece of his law partner and the daughter of Colonel Henry Gratiot and Susan Hempstead Gratiot, members of one of Galena's most prominent families.
Washburne had met Adele shortly after arriving in Galena; she was 10 years younger than Washburne, and known to be attractive, well-educated, and charming.
The Washburnes had seven children including sons Gratiot, Hempstead, William P., and Elihu B. Jr., and daughters Susan and Marie L. The Washburnes were married for 42 years, which ended with Washburne's death.
Washburne became active in politics as a Whig, and served as a delegate to the Whig National Convention in 1844 and again in 1852.
While in Congress, Washburne was chairman of the Committee on Commerce (34th Congress, and 36th through 40th Congresses), and the Committee on Appropriations (40th Congress).
As Lincoln made his way to Washington, D.C. in early 1861 to begin his presidential term, his supporters feared an assassination attempt.
Washburne was one of only a few men in Washington D.C. who had previously known Ulysses S. Grant, a fellow resident of Galena.
Initially, Grant and Washburne seemed like an odd political pairing; Grant was a Douglas Democrat and Washburne an ardent abolitionist and founder of the Republican Party.
Despite those differences, Washburne became an early and ardent Grant supporter, and helped secure his promotions to the general officer ranks.
Though Grant had no rank or commission at the start of the war, he took the initiative to recruit a company of volunteers in Galena, and accompanied them to Springfield, the state capital.
Grant discussed with Washburne his hope that his West Point education and previous military experience would lead to a field command; Washburne promised to discuss the matter with Governor Richard Yates.
Yates quickly offered Grant a militia commission to serve as mustering officer and continue training the volunteer units which were being raised to rapidly expand the Army.
With Washburne's sponsorship, Grant was commissioned a colonel of volunteers on June 14, 1861, and appointed to command the 21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment.
During his command of the regiment and through the Vicksburg Campaign, Washburne kept in close touch with Grant through his brother, Major General Cadwallader C. Washburn.
In September 1861, Washburne sponsored Grant's promotion to brigadier general and command of a brigade, and supported his subsequent promotion to major general and assignments to district, field army, and military division command.
His changed political outlook and success on the battlefield made him a likely contender for president as a Republican, and Washburne supported Grant's successful campaign in 1868.
During the first months of the Civil War under President Lincoln, Washburne launched an investigation into corruption charges of General John C. Frémont's Western War Department.
Also Frémont had favored sellers who were given exorbitant contracts for railroad cars, horses, mules, tents, and equipment that was inferior in quality.
Washburne became a leader of the Radical Republicans, those most ardently opposed to slavery, and was among the original proponents of racial equality.
As a congressman, he served on the Joint Committee on Reconstruction which drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
When Grant became president in 1869, he appointed Washburne to succeed William H. Seward as Secretary of State, with the understanding that he would hold the post only briefly and then serve as minister to France.
He became ill after becoming Secretary of State, and resigned after only eleven days; his term remains the shortest of any Secretary of State.
This was the first major war in which all belligerents appointed protecting powers to represent their interests in enemy capitals, and the United States agreed to be the protecting power for the North German Confederation and several of the German states.
Washburne arranged for railroad transportation to evacuate 30,000 German civilians who had been living in France, and was responsible for feeding 3,000 Germans during the Siege of Paris.
Although the State Department gave him permission to evacuate the American Legation at his discretion, Washburne chose to remain in Paris throughout the war and the Commune of Paris.
He was permitted by the Germans to receive sealed diplomatic communications from outside the city, a privilege that was denied to the smaller neutrals.
The French Republic finally exchanged chargés d'affaires with the German Empire in June 1871, after an eleven-month breach in diplomatic relations between France and Germany.
Washburne, who had lost 17 pounds during the ordeal, returned immediately to the Carlsbad springs to recuperate; he had been visiting the springs when he learned of the start of the war.
He received special honors from German Emperor Wilhelm I and German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, as well as from the French leaders Léon Gambetta and Adolphe Thiers.
When Grant decided to run for an unprecedented third term in 1880, Washburne agreed to support him, and disavowed attempts by his own supporters to make Washburne a candidate.
With 379 votes required to win the nomination, he consistently received support from 30 to 40 delegates; Grant had been the early front runner, and consistently received between 300 and 315 votes.
Recognizing after more than 30 ballots that neither Grant nor the other leading contenders, James G. Blaine and John Sherman could be nominated, delegates began to search for a dark horse.
Having failed to build momentum for Washburne on an earlier ballot, on the 34th ballot 16 Washburne delegates from Wisconsin cast their votes for James A. Garfield without warning.
Grant was convinced that if Washburne's delegates switched to him, it might have generated momentum sufficient for him to win the nomination.
For Washburne's part, he believed that if Grant had withdrawn, as Blaine and Sherman had, Washburne and not Garfield might have been the dark horse who obtained the nomination.
Washburne died at his son Hempstead's home in Chicago on October 23, 1887, following a two-week period of ill health and a heart ailment.
After his marriage to Adele Gratiot in 1845, he adopted the practice of drinking a single glass of wine with dinner.
It is on the North London Line (NLL) and is also the western passenger terminus of the Gospel Oak to Barking Line - known informally as GOBLIN.
The station is in Travelcard Zone 2, and is managed by London Overground which runs all passenger trains at the station.
The station opened in 1860 as Kentish Town on the Hampstead Junction Railway from to Old Oak Common Junction south of .
It was renamed Gospel Oak in 1867 when a new station more appropriately named Kentish Town was opened about a mile south on the same line (that station is now ).
Due to financial constraints a planned connection from the Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway to Gospel Oak station was not added until 4 June 1888, some 20 years after that railway opened, and then without a link to the North London Line due to other companies' opposition.
From 1926 to 1981, the station was not a passenger interchange: passenger trains left the Barking line at Tufnell Park and descended the gradient to station.
In 1981 that passenger service from Barking was diverted from Kentish Town to Gospel Oak with the terminal platform rebuilt on the north side of the existing station.
The North London Line through Gospel Oak was electrified on the fourth-rail 660 volt DC system in 1916 by the LNWR: in the 1970s that was changed to 750 volt DC third rail.
The platforms are high above street level with stairs and two lifts, one serving westbound trains, and one serving eastbound trains and the Barking line.
The North London Line has two platforms and the Barking line has a short terminal platform north of which are two separate through freight tracks which join the NLL just west of the station.
To allow four-car trains to run on the London Overground network, the North London Line between this station and closed from February 2010 to 1 June 2010, for installing a new signalling system and for extending 30 platforms.
The two brick skew arch bridges by which the trains cross Gordon House Road are shown in the cover photograph of the 1997 Gospel Oak EP by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor.
Others blur the boundaries, being more mobile and efficient in passing: they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders, play-makers, box-to-box, or holding midfielders.
The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team's formation; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield.
Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team's attacks, while others may be tasked with creating goals, or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence.
Central or centre midfielders are players whose role is divided roughly equally between attack and defence and to dominate the play around the centre of the pitch.
These players will try to pass the ball to the team's attacking midfielders and forwards and may also help their team's attacks by making runs into the opposition's penalty area and attempting shots on goal themselves.
When the opposing team has the ball, a central midfielder may drop back to protect the goal or move forward and press the opposition ball-carrier to recover the ball.
A centre midfielder defending their goal will move in front of their centre-backs in order to block long shots by the opposition and possibly track opposition midfielders making runs towards the goal.
The 4−4−2 formation may use two central midfielders, and in the 4–2–3–1 formation one of the two deeper midfielders may be a central midfielder.
The term box-to-box midfielder (shortened as BBM or B2B) refers to central midfielders who are hard-working and who have good all-round abilities, which makes them skilled at both defending and attacking.
These players can therefore track back to their own box to make tackles and block shots and also run to the opponents' box to try to score.
Notable examples of box-to-box midfielders are Steven Gerrard, Frank Lampard, Antonio Conte, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Yaya Touré, Arturo Vidal, Patrick Vieira, Radja Nainggolan, Daniele De Rossi, and Aaron Ramsey.
The mezzala is often a hard-working attacking-minded midfielder, with noted offensive capabilities, and a tendency to make overlapping attacking runs, but also a player who participates in the defensive aspect of the game; as such, the term can be applied to several different roles.
Left and right midfielders have a role balanced between attack and defence, similar to that of central midfielders, but they are positioned closer to the touchlines of the pitch.
They may be asked to cross the ball into the opponents' penalty area to make scoring chances for their teammates, and when defending they may put pressure on opponents who are trying to cross.
It became obsolete as wide players with defensive duties have tended to become more a part of the defence as full-backs.
Defensive midfielders may also move to the full-back or centre-back positions if those players move forward to join in an attack.
A good defensive midfielder needs good positional awareness, anticipation of opponent's play, marking, tackling, interceptions, passing and great stamina and strength (for their tackling).
This player will make mostly short and simple passes to more attacking members of their team but may try some more difficult passes depending on the team's strategy.
Early examples of a destroyer are Nobby Stiles, Herbert Wimmer, Marco Tardelli, while later examples include Claude Makélélé and Javier Mascherano, although several of these players also possessed qualities of other types of midfielders, and were therefore not confined to a single role.
Early examples of a creator would be Gérson, Glenn Hoddle, and Sunday Oliseh, while more recent examples Xabi Alonso, and Michael Carrick.
A deep-lying playmaker is a holding midfielder who specializes in ball skills such as passing, rather than defensive skills like tackling.
They may try to set the tempo of their team's play, retain possession, or build plays through short exchanges, or they may try to pass the ball long to a centre forward or winger, or even pass short to a teammate in the hole, the area between the opponents' defenders and midfielders.
An attacking midfielder is a midfield player who is positioned in an advanced midfield position, usually between central midfield and the team's forwards, and who has a primarily offensive role.
a creative playmaker between the forwards and the midfield), who are usually mobile, creative and highly skillful players, known for their deft touch, vision, ability to shoot from range, and passing prowess.
However, not all attacking midfielders are trequartistas – some attacking midfielders are very vertical and are essentially auxiliary attackers who serve to link-up play, hold up the ball, or provide the final pass, i.e.
The attacking midfielder is an important position that requires the player to possess superior technical abilities in terms of passing and dribbling, as well as, perhaps more importantly, the ability to read the opposing defence in order to deliver defence-splitting passes to the striker.
This specialist midfielder's main role is to create good shooting and goal-scoring opportunities using superior vision, control, and technical skill, by making crosses, through balls, and headed knockdowns to teammates.
an advanced playmaker, is regularly utilized, he or she is commonly the team's star player, and often wears the number 10 shirt.
As such, a team is often constructed so as to allow their attacking midfielder to roam free and create as the situation demands.
The false attacking midfielder description has been used in Italian football to describe a player who is seemingly playing as an attacking midfielder in a 4–3–1–2 formation, but who eventually drops deeper into midfield, drawing opposing players out of position and creating space to be exploited by teammates making attacking runs; the false-attacking midfielder will eventually sit in a central midfield role and function as a deep-lying playmaker.
The false-attacking midfielder is therefore usually a creative and tactically intelligent player with good vision, technique, movement, passing ability, and striking ability from distance.
This means two problems for the opposing midfielders: either they let the false 10 drift wide, and their presence, along with both the winger and the fullback, creates a three-on-two player advantage wide; or they follow the false 10, but leave space in the centre of the pitch for wingers or onrushing midfielders to exploit.
False 10s are usually traditional wingers who are told to play in the centre of the pitch, and their natural way of playing makes them drift wide and look to provide deliveries into the box for teammates.
On occasion, the false-10 can also function in a different manner alongside a false-9, usually in a 4–6–0 formation, disguised as either a 4–3–3 or 4–2–3–1 formation.
When other forwards or false-9s drop deep and draw defenders away from the false-10s, creating space in the middle of the pitch, the false-10 will then also surprise defenders by exploiting this space and moving out of position once again, often undertaking offensive dribbling runs forward towards goal, or running on to passes from false-9s, which in turn enables them to create goalscoring opportunities or go for goal themselves.
In modern football, the terms winger or wide player refer to a non-defender who plays on the left or right sides of the pitch.
In the 2−3−5 formation popular in the late 19th century wingers remained mostly near the touchlines of the pitch, and were expected to cross the ball for the team's inside and centre forwards.
This has led to most modern wide players having a more demanding role in the sense that they are expected to provide defensive cover for their full-backs and track back to repossess the ball, as well as provide skillful crosses for centre forwards and strikers.
As the role of winger can be classed as a forward or a midfielder, this role blurs the divide between defender and midfielder.
The prototypical winger is fast, tricky and enjoys 'hugging' the touchline, that is, running downfield close to the touchline and delivering crosses.
Even players who are not considered quick, have been successfully fielded as wingers at club and international level for their ability to create play from the flank.
A famous example is Carlo Ancelotti's late 2000s Milan, who typically play in a narrow midfield diamond formation or in a Christmas tree formation (4–3–2–1), relying on full-backs to provide the necessary width down the wings.
Most wingers are assigned to either side of the field based on their footedness, with right-footed players on the right and left-footed players on the left.
This assumes that assigning a player to their natural side ensures a more powerful cross as well as greater ball-protection along the touch-lines.
However, when the position is inverted and a winger instead plays inside-out on the opposite flank (i.e., a right-footed player as a left inverted winger), they effectively become supporting strikers and primarily assume a role in the attack.
As opposed to traditionally pulling the opponent's full-back out and down the flanks before crossing the ball in near the by-line, positioning a winger on the opposite side of the field allows him or her to cut-in around the 18-yard box, either threading passes between defenders or taking a shot on goal using his or her dominant foot.
This offensive tactic has found popularity in the modern game due to the fact that it gives traditional wingers increased mobility as playmakers and goalscorers, such as the left-footed right winger Domenico Berardi of Sassuolo who achieved 30 career goals faster than any player in the past half-century of Serie A football.
Not only are inverted wingers able to push full-backs onto their weak sides, but they are also able to spread and force the other team to defend deeper as forwards and wing-backs route towards the goal, ultimately creating more scoring opportunities.
Former Bayern Munich manager Jupp Heynckes often played the left-footed Arjen Robben on the right and the right-footed Franck Ribéry on the left.
One of the foremost practitioners of playing from either flank was German winger Jürgen Grabowski, whose flexibility helped Germany to third place in the 1970 World Cup, and the world title in 1974.
Of humble Daco-Roman origins, he was 'made' by the Emperor Gallienus and proved himself to be one of the most brilliant and innovative soldiers of the age.
However, he later turned against his benefactor, and was destroyed in the political turmoil that surrounded the Emperor's assassination in a conspiracy orchestrated by his senior officers.
There is no way of determining his date of birth, but given that he was at the height of his powers in the later 250s and 260s AD he is likely to have been born by 230 at the latest.
It may be conjectured that, like many Dacians, he enlisted in the Roman Army as a young man and had the good fortune to come to the attention of the Emperor Gallienus.
If so, he must have been a good one, because we first encounter him as Master of the Imperial Horses ('Phronistes') according to Zonaras.
He was said to have been ambidextrous which is doubtless a useful skill for a groom, but may also be a commentary on his untrustworthy character as interpreted by later historians.
Throughout his reign Gallienus was always willing to promote talent wherever he found it, and Aureolus was one of the most brilliant of the New Men who were replacing senators in positions of high command in the army in the course of his reign.
As Imperial Horsemaster Aureolus would have been well-placed to work with Gallienus in formulating and developing the concept of a self-contained cavalry force to beef up the effectiveness of the comitatus as a highly mobile field army under the Emperor's direct control.
Aureolus first made his mark in history in 258 (or 260—the date is uncertain) when his cavalry was principally responsible for the defeat of the usurper Ingenuus at the Battle of Mursa (Osijek in Croatia).
In 261 he commanded the force which defeated the army of the usurpers Macrianus Major and Macrianus Minor in battle somewhere in the central Balkans.
As the army of the Macriani, which was swollen by the garrisons of the Danubian provinces that were obviously still seething with the resentments that had caused them to support first Ingenuus and then Regalianus, was probably at least 30,000 strong it would have required more than Aureolus's cavalry alone to challenge it.
In any case Gallienus seems to have given Aureolus a free hand in crushing the rebels and entrusted him with a force that proved sufficient for the purpose.
(In any case, Postumus had been principally responsible for the murder of Gallienus's son, the Caesar Saloninus, which made their dispute highly personal in a way that with the Macriani was not).
It may have been as a result of this campaign that the province of Raetia was recovered from the Gallic Empire (which had driven out the Juthungi where Gallienus seems to have failed) and Postumus's inscription on the Augsburg Altar was erased.
It is often implied that even at this stage Aureolus was willing to see Gallienus displaced as Emperor and that he deliberately allowed the Gallic usurper to evade destruction.
Zosimus (1.41) reports that Aureolus and two other officers conspired against Gallienus, but that all of them were punished and submitted, except Aureolus, who retained his anger against the emperor.
Perhaps, as a Dacian, Aureolus resented Gallienus's policy of withdrawing elements of the Dacian garrison to reinforce his field army for the defence of Italy thus compounding the problems of barbarian incursions into Dacia.
At any event, whether or not he indulged in an unsuccessful conspiracy, Aureolus does seem to have lost the confidence of Gallienus as a result of his failure to destroy Postumus in Gaul even though he was not brought to trial nor dismissed from the Imperial service for that dereliction of duty.
He seems instead to have been made commander of the Raetian garrison while his cavalry went east with the Emperor under the command of Claudius (later the Emperor Claudius Gothicus) or Aurelian who also became Emperor in due course.
Losing command of the elite cavalry he had done so much to create and had once led so brilliantly must have seemed a humiliating demotion for Aureolus.
That it distinguished itself still further in the campaign against the Goths (especially at the battle of Nessus (the River Nestus that divided the provinces of Macedonia and Thrace) was no doubt additionally galling.
Aureolus confirmed his disaffection from Gallienus by deserting his Alpine command, and invading Italy where he took his old base, Milan.
This was an act of the very highest treason and meant that Gallienus had to break off his campaign against the Goths in the Balkans at a most critical moment to return to Italy to deal with him.
However, it may be that the long-term consequences of Aureolus's rebellion were even more serious in that it opened Raetia to further invasion by the Alamanni who then went on to raid in force into Italy itself next year in the early months of the reign of Claudius Gothicus.
It may have been at this time that the Agri Decumates, the Roman lands north-east of the upper Rhine were lost for good.
Using the Imperial mint in Milan he had coins struck bearing Postumus's image as Emperor with appeals to the faith of his former comrades of the cavalry on the reverse.
This seems to have been Aureolus's idea alone for Postumus never tried to suborn the loyalty of the cavalry in this way.
It may have been sheer resentment at his demotion after the unsuccessful attack on Postumus combined with a belief that Gallienus's military policies had undermined the defences of Dacia and the Illyrian provinces.
Admittedly, if indeed he had deliberately let Postumus off the hook, he would have been very lucky to escape with his life under almost any other Roman Emperor rather than be rewarded with another significant command.
However, the conspiracy by the Praetorian Prefect, together with Aurelius Heraclianus, Claudius and Aurelian that was to cost Gallienus his life suggests that there was a growing belief at the highest level of the army in the later 260s that the Emperor was no longer fit to rule and Aureolus may well have shared these sentiments.
When Gallienus was murdered it is possible Aureolus made his own bid for the Purple if a rather obscure issue of coinage is to be believed.
However, as Aureolus had earlier offered his allegiance to Postumus it seems likely that he made this last defiant gesture—if indeed he did make it—only when Postumus failed to take advantage of the turmoil in Italy.
Aureolus's end came when he surrendered to Claudius Gothicus who had by this time succeeded Gallienus as Emperor after the latter was assassinated in a 'Marshals' Plot' in which Claudius was almost certainly a prime mover.
However, apparently before Claudius could decide what to do with him, Aureolus was murdered by Claudius's Praetorian Guard, supposedly in revenge for Aureolus's rebellion against Gallienus which had evoked great fury in the ranks of the Imperial comitatus which obviously did not share the treasonable disloyalty to that Emperor's regime of its most senior officers.
who, however tainted by treason, had at least shown themselves as resolute defenders of the Empire in numerous wars against its barbaric foes, was of a different order to that enjoyed by Aureolus after his suspicious failure to finish off Postumus after his victory over the Macriani.
However, it is also possible to suggest that the action of Claudius's Praetorians in taking it upon themselves to dispose of Aureolus would have been very convenient if their master wanted to obliterate any evidence of treasonable links between Aureolus and Gallienus's murderers.
Against this one might wonder why Gallienus's treacherous marshals would see any benefit in associating themselves with damaged goods such as Aureolus.
Aureolus was murdered by furious soldiers who were then persuaded to turn a blind eye to the likely greater culpability of their new leader—no doubt convinced in the end by the generous donative he was able to offer them.
In the end we do not know and will never know what motivated the men of the Imperial Comitatus or their leaders in 268 AD.
The Gospel Oak to Barking line (sometimes unofficially called the GOBLIN) is part of the Network Rail network of railway lines.
It is in length from one terminus to the other and carries both through goods trains and London Overground passenger trains, connecting Gospel Oak station in north London and Barking station in east London.
The line is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 6, and is classified as a London and South East Commuter line.
For much of its existence the line has played a minor role in London's transport system; however, it has received significant investment to increase its capacity, including full 25 kV AC overhead electrification, completed in 2018.
The line has existed in its current form since 1981, and is mostly an amalgamation of lines built in the 19th century.
The main section, between South Tottenham and Woodgrange Park, was built as the Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway, a joint project between the Midland Railway and the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway.
This opened on 9 July 1894, linking the Midland and Great Eastern joint line at South Tottenham and the Forest Gate and Barking line at Woodgrange Park.
The section west of South Tottenham was built as the Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway, which opened in 1868 but had not been commercially successful as a stand-alone railway.
Although the route between Upper Holloway and Woodgrange Park has been constant, several stations have been the ends of the line.
A connection to Gospel Oak was added in 1888, but the routes via Kentish Town remained the primary ones and the Gospel Oak branch was abandoned in 1926.
The line was considered for closure to passengers in 1963 as part of the Beeching Axe, but local users protested and formed an action group to prevent closure.
Even so, it was allowed to fall into a poor state of repair and reliability, and by 1980 had been cut back to an hourly service between Kentish Town and Barking.
The situation began to improve in 1981 when electrification and upgrades to the line out of (later part of Thameslink) displaced the line from Kentish Town.
A new link to Gospel Oak was built and the hourly service from Kentish Town was replaced by the current route from Gospel Oak with two trains per hour.
The service remained very unreliable due to the age of the trains, which were initially Class 115 and 108 units, replaced in the early 1990s by class 117 and 121 units.
Initially part of British Rail Network SouthEast, the line was privatised in 1994, the track being owned by Railtrack (subsequently Network Rail) with the passenger service provided by the North London Railways franchise.
There were minor improvements in station facilities (such as CCTV and information points) but no major investment to upgrade the line and boost capacity, and the stations remained unstaffed.
Many lines within London were running at full capacity, and as a consequence the line took on a new strategic significance as a by-pass, relieving load on other lines by allowing passengers to travel between north and east London directly.
In 2005, TfL started funding a small number of additional peak time and late evening services to relieve the worst overcrowding.
TfL took full control in November 2007 introducing improved late night and weekend services, and staff, ticket machines and Oyster equipment at all stations.
The frequency was increased to three trains per hour during morning and afternoon peaks and the line was included on the Tube map for the first time.
By replacing the overbridges carrying Sussex Way and Albert Road, and lowering the track in some other locations, it was made possible for W10 loading gauge goods trains to operate.
In 2010 eight new Class 172 Turbostar diesel trains replaced the Class 150 units, with two 23-metre coaches and the option to introduce a third coach.
The delivery of the trains was delayed by the manufacturer however and it was not known at that time when these units would enter service.
Due to the class 172 units being needed by West Midlands Trains, three Class 378 units (378 206, 378 209 and 378 232) were moved from other parts of the London Overground and shortened down from five to four carriages to provide an interim service until the class 710 units entered service.
However, 6 trains are needed to be able to run a full service, so from 15 March 2019 (the day the last class 172 units left London Overground) the frequency on the line was halved to two trains per hour.
On 23 May 2019 the first two class 710 units entered service but the existing two trains per hour service was maintained until the full timetable was restored in June of that year.
All eight of the new class 710 units were deployed by August 2019, with TfL offering a month's free travel to compensate passengers.
In 2011, Network Rail proposed electrification in Control Period 5 (CP5), but in July 2012 Justine Greening, the Secretary of State for Transport, stated that electrification was not included in the High Level Output Specification for CP5, and that any funds would need to be provided by TfL.
It was announced in June 2013 that £115M of funding for electrification was being made available as part of upgrades to rail infrastructure included in the government's 2013 spending round.
At the same time Transport for London announced that they had obtained a £90M commitment from the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Secretary of State for Transport.
There were part closures (at weekends and from South Tottenham to Barking) from June to late September 2016, followed by a full closure from October to February 2017.
Further evening and weekend works until late June 2017 were already planned, followed by around four months of commissioning work before the electric wires could be turned on so that Class 710 trains could run.
Increases in passenger numbers led to severe overcrowding at peak times, but it was not possible to increase peak frequencies without reducing the number of goods trains, as the line could accommodate only eight trains per hour in each direction.
The two-coach Class 172 diesel trains in use between 2010 and 2019 were incapable of handling the increased number of passengers experienced after the incorporation into the London Overground.
Between 2016 and 2018 the line was electrified by Network Rail; this work was delayed due to a number of design, track works and delivery problems.
These trains were intended to be introduced in the spring of 2018, but the delivery was delayed by the manufacturer, the first two entering service on 23 May 2019, with the full fleet entering service in August 2019.
Because the delay caused timetable cutbacks and continued overcrowding, TfL offered a month's free travel, financed by the manufacturer Bombardier, to compensate passengers for the months of disruption they experienced.
It carries both goods and passenger traffic.However it is extremely badly run (as verified by thousands of passenger complaints)- and is besit with problems over many years causing major disruption to the passengers it is supposed to carry.
Passenger services on the line are operated by Arriva Rail London as part of the London Overground network under contract to TfL.
There are four trains per hour in each direction Monday to Saturday from about 06:30 to about 2330, and on Sundays until about 22:00.
There is also single weekday morning service from Woodgrange Park to Willesden Junction, calling at all intermediate stations except for Gospel Oak.
The line is heavily used by freight as it provides part of an orbital route around London, connecting with many radial routes and the North London Line at Gospel Oak.
Owing to the lack of ticket barriers and the difficulty of ticket verification when trains are crowded, the line has historically had a high level of fare avoidance.
In theory, passengers could purchase tickets from the conductors on the trains, but it was not always possible to do this.
Following the introduction of the current ticketing arrangements, ticketless travel fell from an estimated peak of 40% under Silverlink, to 2% in March 2008.
Notes: The large increases in the year beginning April 2006 were partly due to travelcards for National Rail journeys being made from stations that have only a London Underground office and also using a different methodology to estimate likely journeys made from National Rail stations in Zone 1.
The large increases in the year beginning April 2010 were partly due to Oyster Cards being introduced in January 2010, and new rolling stock.
Usage of the Gospel Oak to Barking line on the London Overground reduced as a result of engineering works throughout the year.
In 2017, all trains were diesel powered as the line was not fully electrified, with only two short sections having overhead electrification, at South Tottenham, to provide a link from Seven Sisters to Stratford, and from the junction with the Great Eastern Main Line to Barking but excluding the bay platform which this service uses.
Electrification of the line finished in 2018 but no electric trains were running as there were delays with the new Class 710s.
As the leases for the Class 172 came to an end in early 2019, London Overground temporarily shortened three of its Class 378s to run on the line to substitute the Class 172s until the long-delayed Class 710s entered service on 23 May 2019.
The line has same-station interchange with the North London Line at Gospel Oak, the Victoria line at Blackhorse Road and the Hammersmith & City line, District line and c2c at Barking.
As the trains do not align exactly with the platform height, wheelchair users will probably require assistance to board or leave them.
It was announced as part of the 2014 United Kingdom budget that the Gospel Oak to Barking Line of London Overground would be extended to Barking Riverside.
In December 2018, a £196m contract was signed to extend the line to the brownfield 10,800-home Barking Riverside housing development, which Barking and Dagenham Council does not believe to be viable without improved transport connections.
The developers of the site, Barking Riverside Limited, will provide £172M towards the project with the remainder coming from Transport for London.
As part of the preferred route known as 'Alignment B' it has provision for a stop at Renwick Road on the London, Tilbury & Southend Railway if it is needed in the future.
In the document it states that provision for a station should be near Alfred's Way or East of Renwick Road; all other options such as the Freight Yards were considered unfeasible.
In addition to the plan to extend the Gospel Oak to Barking Line to Barking Riverside, there are also proposals in the Thamesmead Extension Scheme to extend it further across the river via a future Belvedere Crossing to a station in Thamesmead, and then on to Abbey Wood to connect with the future Crossrail line.
Local residents and users of the line have proposed adding a station between Leytonstone High Road and Wanstead Park to serve the Cann Hall area.
The line's user group and Islington Borough Council have been pressing for the reopening of the station at Junction Road, as its proximity to Tufnell Park Underground station would allow interchange with the Northern line.
On the Underground it is a stop on the District line and is also the eastern terminus of the Hammersmith & City line; on the National Rail network it is served by c2c services operating to and from ; and on the Overground it is the eastern terminus of the Gospel Oak to Barking Line.
The station was opened in 1854 by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway as one of the first stations on the route.
It was rebuilt in 1908 and again in 1959. , significant redevelopment of the station is currently proposed by Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council and the Department for Transport.
The station was opened on 13 April 1854 by the London Tilbury and Southend Railway (LTSR) on their new line to Tilbury, which split from the Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) at Forest Gate.
A shorter route from London between Little Ilford and Gas Factory Junction in Bow, and avoiding the ECR, opened in April 1858.
In 1894 the Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway was extended by means of the Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway to join the 1854 line from Forest Gate to Tilbury.
Platform 1 is the terminal platform for the Gospel Oak to Barking Line, and is only used by London Overground services.
The four Shere Fastticket machines still on site as at 25 April 2018 have been taken out of service with effect from 1 April 2018, according to a sign posted on them.
There are sidings to the east which were built to accommodate D stock, C stock and S stock, though from 2017 only S stock is in service on the route.
The westernmost carries the NR tracks to and from platforms 7 and 8 over the four tracks to and from platforms 2–6 to join the tracks to and from Woodgrange Park and beyond, facilitating c2c services to serve Stratford and Liverpool Street, and, in future, the first part of the London Overground's extension to Barking Riverside Station.
The easternmost bridge carries the westbound Underground tracks from platform 6 over the NR tracks to and from platforms 4 and 5 to the southern side of the LU tracks from platform 2.
Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council has developed a Barking Station Masterplan for the redevelopment of the station, including the removal of retail units from the station concourse, expansion of ticket barriers, additional Oyster card machines, and new building work to provide replacement retail and to increase natural light within the station.
In 2009, the station was identified as one of the ten worst category B interchange stations for mystery shopper assessment of fabric and environment, and it was planned to receive a share of £50m funding for improvements.
As part of the 2011 renewal of the Essex Thameside franchise it was proposed that ownership of the station could transfer to Transport for London.
The new franchise invitation to tender proposes the transfer of building maintenance from Network Rail to the new operator, and includes an option to complete the redevelopment works.
In 2012, the public space outside the station on Station Parade was re-ordered and repaved, using funding from Transport for London.
On the Underground, it is served by the District and Hammersmith & City (and two early morning Circle line services) lines and forms the eastern terminus for the Hammersmith & City whilst District line services continue eastward to .
London Buses routes serve the station include 5, 62, 169, 238 (terminates here), 287 (terminates here), 366, 368 and night bus route N15 and school bus route 687 (terminates here) and by all East London Transit routes (EL1, EL2 and EL3) These buses provide connections to Canning Town, Stratford, Beckton, Romford, Ilford, Redbridge, Barkingside, Chadwell Heath, Goodmayes, Rainham and Dagenham.
It was formed in 1996 by Rosendahl with guitarist Jonas Struck, drummer Emil Jørgensen and keyboardist Tim Christensen, who was her boyfriend at the time.
Christensen and Rosendahl entered into the James Bond Tomorrow Never Dies soundtrack contest by co-writing a song of the same name.
When Dizzy Mizz Lizzy ultimately broke up in 1998, Christensen became even more introverted, and his crisis was too much for Rosendahl to handle, resulting in the couple to break up after five years and causing Christensen to depart the band in 1999.
An entire album was recorded with Cannibal Records, but never released because of musical differences with the record label director Kim Hyttel, followed by lawsuits.
On September 30, 1994 it reached Shibahara Station, on April 1, 1997, , and on August 22, 1997, its current eastern terminal at Kadoma-shi Station.
The Saito Line branch opened in two stages: on October 1, 1998 from Bampaku-kinen-koen Station to Handai-byoin-mae Station, and on March 19, 2007, to Saito-nishi Station, in the residential area of Saito, about a kilometer from the Minoo Campus of Osaka University (former Osaka University of Foreign Studies).
A hallmark is an official mark or series of marks struck on items made of metal, mostly to certify the content of noble metals—such as platinum, gold, silver and in some nations, palladium.
A hallmark is not the mark of a manufacturer to distinguish his products from other manufacturers' products: that is the function of trademarks or makers' marks.
To be a true hallmark, it must be the guarantee of an independent body or authority that the contents are as marked.
Many nations require, as a prerequisite to official hallmarking, that the maker or sponsor itself marks upon the item a responsibility mark and a claim of fineness.
Responsibility marks are also required in the US if metal fineness is claimed, even though there is no official hallmarking scheme there.
Nevertheless, in nations with an official hallmarking scheme, the hallmark is only applied after the item has been assayed to determine that its purity conforms not only to the standards set down by the law but also with the maker's claims as to metal content.
In some nations, such as the UK, the hallmark is made up of several elements, including: a mark denoting the type of metal, the maker/sponsor's mark and the year of the marking.
In England, the year of marking commences on 19 May, the feast day of Saint Dunstan, patron saint of gold- and silversmiths.
In other nations, such as Poland, the hallmark is a single mark indicating metal and fineness, augmented by a responsibility mark (known as a sponsor's mark in the UK).
Within a group of nations that are signatories to an international convention known as the Vienna Convention on the Control of the Fineness and the Hallmarking of Precious Metal Objects, additional, optional yet official, marks may also be struck by the assay office.
Signatory countries each have a single representative hallmark, which would be struck next to the Convention mark that represents the metal and fineness.
The control or inspection of precious metals was an ancient concept of examination and marking, by means of inspection stamps (punch marks).
The use of hallmarks, at first on silver, has a long history dating back to the 4th century AD — there is evidence of silver bars marked under authority of the Emperor Augustinian around AD 350 — and represents the oldest known form of consumer protection.
A series or system of five marks has been found on Byzantine silver dating from this period, though their interpretation is still not completely resolved.
These assayers examined precious metal objects, under the auspices of the state, before the object could be offered for public sale.
In this period, fineness was more or less standardized in the major European nations (writ: France and England) at 20 karats for gold and 12 to 13 lots (75% to 81%) for silver, but the standards could only be partly enforced, owing to the lack of precise analytical tools and techniques.
Modern hallmarking in Europe appears first in France, with the Goldsmiths Statute of 1260 promulgated under Etienne Boileau, Provost of Paris, for King Louis IX.
In 1275, King Philip III prescribed, by royal decree, the mark for use on silver works, along with specific punches for each community's smiths.
In 1300 King Edward I of England enacted a statute requiring that all silver articles must meet the sterling silver standard (92.5% pure silver) and must be assayed in this regard by 'guardians of the craft' who would then mark the item with a leopard's head.
In 1327 King Edward III of England granted a charter to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths (more commonly known as the Goldsmiths' Company), marking the beginning of the Company's formal existence.
In 1424, the French cardinal Jean de Brogny, after consulting a council of eight Master Goldsmiths from Geneva, enacted a regulation on the purity and hallmarking of silver objects (following the French standards) for application in Geneva.
In the modern world, in an attempt at standardizing the legislation on the inspection of precious metals and to facilitate international trade, in November 1972 a core group of European nations signed the Vienna Convention on the Control of the Fineness and the Hallmarking of Precious Metal Objects.
Articles which are assayed and found by the qualifying office of a signatory country to conform to the standard, receive a mark, known as the Common Control Mark (CCM), attesting to the material's fineness.
This mark is recognized in all the other contracting states, including: Austria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine (see links below).
Complete international hallmarking has been plagued by difficulties, because even amongst countries which have implemented hallmarking, standards and enforcement vary considerably, making it difficult for one country to accept another's hallmarking as equivalent to its own.
While some countries permit a variance from the marked fineness of up to 10 parts per thousand, others do not permit any variance (known as negative tolerance) at all.
Many nations abide by the Vienna system and procedures are in place to allow additional nations to join the Vienna Convention.
The Hallmarking Act 1973 made Britain a member of the Vienna Convention as well as introducing marking for platinum, a recognised metal under the Convention.
In 1999 changes were made to the UK hallmarking system to bring the system closer into line with the European Union (EU).
A Legislative Reform Order (LRO) came into law on 8 February 2013 giving UK Assay Offices the legal right to strike hallmarks outside of UK territory.
In July 2016 Birmingham Assay Office began striking Birmingham Hallmarks in Mumbai, India and further offshore offices are likely to be established.
In March 2018 the British Hallmarking Council announced that UK Assay Office marks struck offshore must be distinguishable from those struck in the UK.
It is likely that an 'offshore' assay mark will have to be added to signify that the item was not assayed in the UK.
As it now stands, the compulsory part of the UK hallmark consists of the sponsor or maker's mark, the assay office mark, and the standard of fineness (in this case silver, 925 parts in 1000).
The bottom example shows the extra marks that can also be struck, the lion passant, indicating Sterling silver, the date mark (lowercase a for '2000'), and in this example, the 'Millennium mark', which was only available for the years 1999 and 2000.
Although hallmarking in the Swiss territories dates back to Geneva in the fifteenth century, there was no uniform system of hallmarking in Switzerland until 1881.
Under the current law, on all gold, silver, platinum or palladium watches cases made in Switzerland or imported into Switzerland, there shall be affixed, near the Maker's Responsibility Mark and his indication of purity, the official Hallmark, the head of a Saint Bernard dog.
In addition to the Swiss hallmark, all precious metal goods may be stamped with the Common Control Mark of the Vienna Convention.
This is significant since producers that exported precious metal goods to the Netherlands would have been required to register their marks.
The problem with traditional punching is that the process of punching displaces metal, causing some distortion of the article being marked.
For this reason, and that off-cuts from sprues are often used for assay, many articles are sent unfinished to the assay office for assay and hallmarking.
A new method of marking using lasers is now available, which is especially valuable for delicate items and hollowware, which would be damaged or distorted by the punching process.
2D laser marking burns the outline of the hallmarks into the object, while 3D laser marking better simulates the marks made by punching.
Precious metal items of art or jewelry are frequently hallmarked (depending upon the requirements of the laws of either the place of manufacture or the place of import).
Where required to be hallmarked, semi-finished precious metal items of art or jewelry pass through the official testing channels where they are analyzed or assayed for precious metal content.
While different nations permit a variety of legally acceptable finenesses, the assayer is actually testing to determine that the fineness of the product conforms with the statement or claim of fineness that the maker has claimed (usually by stamping a number such as 750 for 18k gold) on the item.
In the past the assay was conducted by using the touchstone method but currently (most often) it is done using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF).
This method is better suited for the assay of bullion and gold stocks rather than works or art or jewelry because it is a completely destructive method.
The age-old touchstone method is particularly suited to the testing of very valuable pieces, for which sampling by destructive means, such as scraping, cutting or drilling is unacceptable.
A rubbing of the item is made on a special stone, treated with acids and the resulting color compared to references.
Differences in precious metal content as small as 10 to 20 parts per thousand can often be established with confidence by the test.
It is not indicated for use with white gold, for example, since the color variation among white gold alloys is almost imperceptible.
As applied to gold bearing metallics, as in hallmark assaying, it is also known as cupellation and can have an accuracy of 1 part in 10,000.
Since this method is totally destructive, when this method is employed for the assay of jewelry, it is done under the guise of random or selective sampling.
For example, if a single manufacturer deposits a lot of rings or watch cases, while most are assayed using the non-destructive methods a few pieces from the lot are randomly selected for fire assay.
There are methods of assay noted above which are more properly suited for finished goods while other methods are suitable for use on raw materials before artistic workmanship has begun.
Raw precious metals (bullion or metal stock) are assayed by the following methods: silver is assayed by titration, gold is assayed by cupellation and platinum is assayed by ICP OES spectrometry.
The Computer Graphics Lab was a computer lab located at the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT) in the late 1970s and 1980s, founded by Dr. Alexander Schure.
Researchers at the New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab created the tools that made entirely 3D CGI films possible.
NYIT CG Lab was regarded as the top computer animation research and development group in the world during the late 70s and early 80s.
The Travelcard is an inter-modal travel ticket for unlimited use on the London Underground, London Overground, TfL Rail, Docklands Light Railway, Tramlink, London Buses and National Rail services in the Greater London area.
Travelcards can be purchased for a period of time varying from one day to a year, from Transport for London, National Rail and their agents.
Depending on where it is purchased, and the length of validity, a Travelcard is either printed on a paper ticket with a magnetic stripe or encoded onto an Oyster card, Transport for London's contactless electronic smart card.
The cost of a Travelcard is determined by the area it covers and, for this purpose, London is divided into a number of fare zones.
The Travelcard season ticket for unlimited travel on London Buses and the London Underground was launched on 22 May 1983 by London Transport.
The introduction of the Travelcard caused an increase in patronage and reduced the number of tickets that needed to be purchased by passengers.
Before the introduction of the Travelcard, tickets for the London Underground were purchased on a 'point-to-point' basis between two stations, either as a single, return or season ticket; and were priced according to distance travelled.
The introduction of the Travelcard was intended to increase patronage on London Underground and London Buses, particularly during less busy times and to speed up the boarding of bus services.
Following successful legal action against it, on 21 March 1982 London Bus fares were doubled and London Underground fares increased by 91%.
The two central area zones were retained and the fares to all other stations were restructured to be graduated at three mile intervals; and thus grouping those stations within three miles of the central zones in an 'inner zone'.
In 1983, a third revision of fares was undertaken, and a new inter-modal Travelcard season ticket was launched covering five new numbered zones; representing an overall cut in prices of around 25%.
In January 2002 a peak version of the One Day Travelcard was introduced on weekdays, which allows travel between 04:30 and 09:30 and in 2005 a 3-day version of the Travelcard was launched (they were discontinued in 2010).
Travelcard season tickets were made available on electronic smart cards, known as Oyster cards, from 2003 and by 2005 Transport for London ceased selling season tickets on paper tickets, although they continue to be available from National Rail stations.
A Travelcard entitles the holder to unlimited travel in Greater London on London Buses, Tramlink, London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway and National Rail services.
They provide travel within up to 9 numbered concentric zones, with Zone 1 (which includes the central areas of The City and the West End) at the middle and zones 6, 7, 8 and 9 (which includes London Heathrow Airport and outlying suburbs such as Uxbridge and Upminster, as well as places outside London such as Amersham) at the outer edge.
On the London Underground, London Overground, DLR and National Rail, the Travelcard is only valid within the zones indicated on the ticket.
Travelcards are sold in a limited number of combinations of adjacent zones with different combinations available depending on the length of validity.
Travelcards valid for travel in Zone 1 (most of central London) are more expensive than those excluding it, although as of 2011 one-day travelcards not including Zone 1 are no longer sold.
The Anytime Travelcard can be used at any time from 04:30 on the day it becomes valid; and the cheaper Off-Peak Travelcard cannot be used from 04.30 to 09.30 on weekdays.
When bought at a London Underground station or other Transport for London agent, one day Travelcards are sold on a paper ticket with a magnetic stripe and Travelcards lasting seven days or more are loaded on to an Oyster Card.
A monthly travelcard (valid for between 28 and 31 days depending on month) is sold for 3.84 times the price of a 7-day card, while annual travelcards are sold for the price of 40 7-day tickets.
The price of a travelcard valid for between one month and one year will be the sum of the relevant number of months, plus a pro-rata monthly rate for the number of days in the final month.
As 40 weekly tickets cost approximately the same as a 10-month-12-day ticket, it is not possible in practice to buy a travelcard for a period between 10M12D and 1 year, as an annual pass is cheaper and will be issued anyway.
These include one return journey to and from the edge of the Travelcard area and standard Travelcard validity within the Travelcard Zones.
Network rail ticket barriers outside zone 6 will retain the ticket once the return journey has been made even though the travelcard part of the ticket remains valid until 04:30 the following day within the zone 6 boundary.
Although located in Zone 6, travel by Heathrow Express to Heathrow Central, Heathrow Terminal 4 and Heathrow Terminal 5 is not included, but since May 2018 travel to Heathrow has been available on the TfL Rail stopping service.
Watford Junction is served by London Overground but is not within any of the Travelcard zones, yet a special travelcard including the station and zones 1 - 9 is available.
The revenues from Travelcard sales are divided according to a scheme agreed by Transport for London and the Rail Delivery Group.
A quarterly survey known as the Travelcard Diary Survey is undertaken, where travelcard holders are asked to record all the bus, rail and tube trips they have made using their travelcard.
The average mileage recorded on each mode is then calculated to give allocation factors of the Travelcard revenue to tube, bus and rail.
Travelcards entitle the holder to a 33% discount on scheduled London River Services and 25% on the Emirates Air Line in the docklands.
Travelcards issued on paper tickets at National Rail stations are also treated as 'train tickets' for the Days Out Guide 2-for-1 offers at most attractions participating in the scheme.
Maynard C. Krueger (January 16, 1906 – December 20, 1991) was an American socialist politician and an economics professor at the University of Chicago.
He entered the University of Missouri, from which he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1926 and a Master's degree in 1927.
An instructor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1928 to 1932, Krueger also spent time at the universities of Berlin, Paris, and Geneva.
In 1932, Krueger accepted a position at the University of Chicago as an Assistant Professor, initially lecturing in Sociology under Edward Shils.
Soon moving to the Economics Department, Krueger became an Associate Professor in 1947, a full Professor in 1965, and Emeritus in 1977.
He gained a measure of public recognition during the 1930s as a frequent participant in the University of Chicago's regular Round Table radio broadcasts.
Krueger was involved with many left-wing organizations such as the Socialist Party of America and the Chicago Workers Committee on Unemployment.
Krueger was also active in the trade union movement, serving three times as a vice president of the American Federation of Teachers during the decade of the 1930s.
Although Krueger was 34 at the time of the November 1940 election, younger than the constitutional age of 35 for someone seeking to be in line for the U.S. presidency, he was able to point out that by Inauguration Day on January 20, 1941, he would be 35 years and 4 days old.
Krueger was on the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party for many years, serving as the SP's National Chairman from 1942 to 1946.
It is located between Qarb Town and the district of Gisha, standing at 435 meters from the base to the tip of the antenna.
The tower is a part of the International Trade and Convention Center of Tehran, which also includes a five-star hotel, a convention center, a world trade center and an IT park.
The Milad Tower was part of the Shahestan Pahlavi project, a vast development for a new government and commercial centre for Tehran, that was designed in the 1970s but never materialized, except for the Tower.
After an international competition, the project was awarded to the Llewely Davies Company, and construction was inaugurated on August 19, 1975, with the Shah of Iran and the Mayor of Tehran Dr G.R.
There is also another background of building this tower, since the construction of the tower was started after the 1979 revolution.
The new government of Iran wanted to create a new symbol for Tehran to replace the Azadi Tower that was a symbol of Pahlavi's reign.
Upon completion of its construction in the mid 2000s, the Milad Tower was considered the fourth-tallest freestanding telecommunication tower in the world.
While the tower opened in 2007, numerous conflicts on the history of the tower still prevail, partly because sections of the tower were open to visitors once the elevators started operating during construction and the tower was still far from finished.
The general contractor was the company of Boland Payeh, and the main client and investor was the company of Yadman Sazeh, a representative of the Municipality of Tehran.
The tower was officially opened on October 7, 2008 by the 55th Mayor of Tehran, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, and members of the City Council of Tehran.
The first three floors consist of 63 trade units, 11 food courts, a cafeteria, and a commercial products exhibition which is supposed to be about .
Six elevators in three different sides of the shaft are used to transfer the visitors to the head of the tower at the speed of , besides an emergency staircase at the fourth side.
The top floors of the tower include a public art gallery, a cafeteria, a revolving restaurant, a VIP restaurant, telecommunication floors, mechanical floors, fire-immune areas built as a refuge zone, a closed observation deck, an open observation deck, and a sky dome.
The lower floor of the mast is for the adjustment of public users' telecommunication antennas, and the three upper floors are dedicated to the antenna of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.
The complex also features a parking area of about , a large computer and telecommunications unit, a cultural and scientific unit, a commercial transaction center, a temporary showroom for exhibiting products, a specialized library, an exhibition hall, and an administrative unit.
It was essentially a youth ideology (similar to those that had swept France, Ireland, the United States of America and Italy).
Its main proponents were Karl Gutzkow, Heinrich Laube, Theodor Mundt and Ludolf Wienbarg; Heinrich Heine, Ludwig Börne and Georg Büchner were also considered part of the movement.
Among the many things they advocated were: separation of church and state, the emancipation of the Jews, and the raising of the political and social position of women.
During a time of political unrest in Europe, Young Germany was regarded as dangerous by many politicians due to its progressive viewpoint.
During December 1835 the Frankfurt Bundestag banned the publication in Germany of many authors associated with the movement, namely Heine, Gutzkow, Laube, Mundt, and Wienbarg.
The ideology produced poets, thinkers and journalists, all of whom reacted against the introspection and particularism of Romanticism in the national literature, which had resulted in a total separation of literature from the actualities of life.
As a result of the decades of compulsory school attendance in German states, mass literacy meant an excess of educated males which the establishment could not subsume.
The method is based on the concept of using periodogram spectrum estimates, which are the result of converting a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain.
Welch's method is an improvement on the standard periodogram spectrum estimating method and on Bartlett's method, in that it reduces noise in the estimated power spectra in exchange for reducing the frequency resolution.
After doing the above, the periodogram is calculated by computing the discrete Fourier transform, and then computing the squared magnitude of the result.
The Works is a shelved 3D computer animated film which was under development by the staff of the Computer Graphics Lab in association with the New York Institute of Technology in Old Westbury, New York.
Being worked on sporadically from 1979 to 1986, the film's development and production had difficulties which finally prompted the film being abandoned before completion.
Short in length and few in number, the completed film sequences were highly impressive considering the state of the technology and what was then the unique look of 3D computer animation.
T-Square, who worked and lived in a nearby asteroid belt, vowed to journey to Earth and fight to make it safe for the return of her fellow space-faring humanity.
Many staff-members contributed designs and modeled characters and sets under the coordination of art director Bil Maher who created blueprint-style designs for T-Square and many of the 25 robots called for by the script.
The founder of NYIT (New York Institute of Technology), entrepreneur and eccentric millionaire Dr. Alexander Schure, had a long and ardent interest in animation.
He was a great admirer of Walt Disney and dreamed of making animated features like those from the golden age of theatrical animation.
After visiting the University of Utah and seeing the potential of the computer technology in the form of the computer drawing program Sketchpad created by Ivan Sutherland, he told his people to pore over the Utah research center and get him one of everything they had.
He then established the NYIT Computer Graphics Lab, buying state-of-the-art equipment and hiring major researchers from throughout the computer graphics field.
At first, one of CGL's main goals was to use computers to produce 2D animation and invent tools to assist traditional animators in their work.
Schure enthusiastically agreed and green-lit the project as he too dreamt of a computer animated movie and had this in mind when he created the facility.
While creating a one-of-a-kind film in a method that had never been done before was the motivation, the practical reason for the project was to continue to develop patentable tools while demonstrating what computer animation could accomplish for the entertainment industry.
In theory the project's success would lead to significant improvements in visual effects and in the editing process in film and television.
Integrating computer power into visual media held promise in terms of speed, cost, creativity, and quality compared to more conventional techniques.
Interested representatives from movie studios and television networks regularly toured the lab as did musicians Laurie Anderson and Peter Gabriel, puppeteer Jim Henson and animation legends Chuck Jones and Shamus Culhane.
Schure was well aware of the challenges and potential for success going into the project and consistently provided very extensive resources to aid the research and development of the necessary technologies.
This meant that with each new advance in the field, his staff would have to upgrade their systems, convert existing programs, and rework familiar tools for use on new machines.
When these upgrades actually delayed production significantly, Schure kept himself isolated from the complaints of his staff but for his part there were never any budgetary constraints or the pressure of a release date.
George Lucas also realized the potential gains from computer animation, and in 1979, he created a new department of Lucasfilm which had the same goals as CGL, but ensured that movie industry professionals had a hand in the production.
They were among the best and most powerful of their kind but, compared to the computers of today, were too slow and underpowered to generate the number of images required for a theatrical film.
Attempting to pick up the pace, Dr. Schure recommitted himself to the project and the NYIT Computer Graphics Lab had more than 60 employees at its peak.
Now not only did the computer team have to continue do ground-breaking animation and tool development, but as the quality of their output improved, they attracted outside clients wanting to commission title animations, commercials, and scenes for music videos, jobs which further sapped energy from the production.
Scientist Ned Greene looked at the situation, analyzed all the elements needed to the film and crunched the numbers with devastating results: with the technology available, even if all the models and animations were calculated, it would take seven years to output the rendered frames needed to complete the film.
The fact was, that in spite of all the resources brought to bear, CGL did not have the human or technical capacity to create film quality sequences on the hardware of the time.
Many of those who had been working at CGL were hired by others and took their ideas, techniques and experience to new places.
People involved in the project were and are among the top computer graphics researchers and developers in the world and their early creations are now in common use in 3D modeling and animation programs and in editors like After Effects, Photoshop, and Flash.
Hepatica (hepatica, liverleaf, or liverwort) is a genus of herbaceous perennials in the buttercup family, native to central and northern Europe, Asia and eastern North America.
Bisexual flowers with pink, purple, blue, or white sepals and three green bracts appear singly on hairy stems from late winter to spring.
Although poisonous in large doses, the leaves and flowers may be used as an astringent, as a demulcent for slow-healing injuries, and as a diuretic.
Originally designed and implemented at Hewlett-Packard labs in Palo Alto, California, TimesTen spun out into a separate startup in 1996 and was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2005.
All data within a TimesTen database is located in physical memory (RAM), which means that no data operation requires disk I/O.
This is unlike traditional disk-optimized relational databases such as the Oracle Database, DB2, Informix or SQL Server, whose designs must contain algorithms that attempt to minimize disk accesses.
As memory operates far faster than hard disk, TimesTen is used in applications where service-level agreements require low and predictable response times, such as telecommunications, real-time financial-services trading applications, network equipment, and large web applications.
Also, unlike other memory-caching systems that use key-value pairs (such as Memcached, Hazelcast or Coherence), TimesTen can be accessed with standard interfaces and provides the functionality of the SQL query language.
TimesTen functionality is contained in a set of shared libraries that application developers link to their application, allowing TimesTen to execute as part of the application's process.
This shared library approach is different than conventional RDBMS systems where the database is essentially a set of distinct processes to which applications connect via some form of inter-process communication.
This communication may take the form of a client/server connection spanning over a network or it may be some form of intra-system IPC such as a Unix domain socket connection or a shared memory based connection mechanism.
The data for each active TimesTen database is stored in a shared memory segment, allowing multiple TimesTen databases to be active concurrently, and also allowing an application to simultaneously access several TimesTen databases on the same system.
On 64-bit platforms, the size of a TimesTen database is practically limited only by the amount of RAM available on its host computer.
Starting TimesTen requires starting a background process called the TimesTen main daemon, which then starts multiple TimesTen subdaemon processes to manage each database created in the system.
Client applications that connect to traditional disk-based relational databases typically use TCP/IP or another IPC mechanism to communicate with a database server process.
In TimesTen, applications that reside in the same server as the TimesTen database can connect directly to the in-memory image of the database by using the TimesTen direct driver, eliminating the need for any inter-process communication of any kind, thus providing extremely fast performance.
If the application resides on a remote server, the application can also connect to the TimesTen database using the traditional client/server model of data access.
All TimesTen data exists in RAM, however TimesTen does utilize non-volatile storage (such as a hard disk) for database persistence and recoverability.
A TimesTen database stores all transactional data modifications in an in-memory log buffer, which is eventually persisted to disk in the form of transaction log files.
The combination of checkpoint files and transaction log files allow TimesTen to provide recoverability in the event of a system failure.
In this mode, a commit operation occurs purely in memory, and the writing of the log records for the transaction to disk occurs asynchronously to the commit.
This provides for very low response times and very high throughput at the cost of the potential for some small amount of data loss in the event of a system failure.
A true synchronous commit mode (durable commit mode) is also provided; this mode avoids the possibility of any data loss at the cost of reduced performance.
TimesTen allows the architect / developer to balance performance versus data safety by providing control of the commit mode at three different levels: database, connection, and transaction.
In addition to the active and standby databases, multiple subscriber databases can be configured to serve as disaster recovery copies or read-only farms.
The replication agent sends and receives updates between databases by communicating with the replication agents of other databases involved in the same replication scheme.
Change capture is via log-mining with in-memory optimization; under normal operating conditions change records are captured from the in-memory log buffer with no need for any disk I/O.
Database tables in a cache group must each have a defined primary key or a unique index declared across a set of non-nullable columns and must be related in a parent-child hierarchy via primary key-foreign key constraints.
Applications can then read from and write to cache groups, and all data modifications will then be synchronized with the corresponding Oracle database tables either automatically or manually.
XLA provides functions which allow applications to be notified of data changes occurring in TimesTen tables (and also DDL occurring in the TimesTen database).
XLA can also be used in conjunction with materialized views to simplify the process of monitoring changes made to rows spanning multiple tables.
Database application deployments that do not include an Oracle database which want to use TimesTen as an in-memory cache database can use XLA to capture updates and, via custom application code, apply these updates to their backend database.
At HP, Jean-René Bouvier decided to embed Smallbase into HP OpenCall, which made the first commercial use of the product in 1995.
In 1996, the product was spun off into a separate venture capital funded startup company based in Mountain View, California under the leadership of CEO Jim Groff.
The product became popular for telecommunications equipment, as response times in the milliseconds or even microseconds were required for applications like packet switching.
After the acquisition, Neimat remained as the director of TimesTen development at Oracle, adding many Oracle database features to the product such as support for PL/SQL and integration with Oracle SQL Developer and Oracle Enterprise Manager.
The is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).
The Kyoto Line operates in combination with the Biwako Line and the JR Kobe Line, and offers through service trains to the Kosei Line and the JR Takarazuka Line.
Freight trains also operate on the line except for the section near Osaka Station where freight trains use separate freight lines.
From September 5, 1876 to the opening of Kyoto Station on February 6, 1877, was the station for the city of Kyoto.
The temporary station was located at 40 chains (0.80 km) west of Kyoto Station construction site, or 3 miles and 47 chains (5.77 km) away from Mukōmachi Station.
The line now called the JR Kyoto Line opened in 1876, only four years after the opening of the first railway in Japan.
On July 26, 1876, the Japanese Government Railways opened the section between Ōsaka and Mukōmachi with an intermediate station at Takatsuki.
The Critique of Judgment (), also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment, is a 1790 book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant.
The First Critique argues that space and time provide ways in which the observing subject's mind organizes and structures the sensory world.
The first position, of causal determinism, is adopted, in Kant's view, by empirical scientists of all sorts; moreover, it led to the Idea (perhaps never fully to be realized) of a final science in which all empirical knowledge could be synthesized into a full and complete causal explanation of all events possible to the world.
The good is essentially a judgment that something is ethical — the judgment that something conforms with moral law, which, in the Kantian sense, is essentially a claim of modality — a coherence with a fixed and absolute notion of reason.
It is in many ways the absolute opposite of the agreeable, in that it is a purely objective judgment — things are either moral or they are not, according to Kant.
This apparently oxymoronic term means that, in practice, the judgments are subjective, and are not tied to any absolute and determinate concept.
However, the judgment that something is beautiful or sublime is made with the belief that other people ought to agree with this judgment — even though it is known that many will not.
The central concept of Kant's analysis of the judgment of beauty is what he called the ″free play″ between the cognitive powers of imagination and understanding.
We call an object beautiful, because its form fits our cognitive powers and enables such a ″free play″ (§22) the experience of which is pleasurable to us.
The main difference between these two judgments is that purpose or use of the object plays no role in the case of free beauty.
The judgment that something is sublime is a judgment that it is beyond the limits of comprehension — that it is an object of fear.
However, Kant makes clear that the object must not actually be threatening — it merely must be recognized as deserving of fear.
The beautiful and the sublime both seem to refer to some external noumenal order — and thus to the possibility of a noumenal self that possesses free will.
In this section of the critique Kant also establishes a faculty of mind that is in many ways the inverse of judgment — the faculty of genius.
Whereas judgment allows one to determine whether something is beautiful or sublime, genius allows one to produce what is beautiful or sublime.
Kant writes about the biological as teleological, claiming that there are things, such as living beings, whose parts exist for the sake of their whole and their whole for the sake of their parts.
This portion of the Critique is, from some modern theories, where Kant is most radical; he posits man as the ultimate end, that is, that all other forms of nature exist for the purpose of their relation to man, directly or not, and that man is left outside of this due to his faculty of reason.
Kant claims that culture becomes the expression of this, that it is the highest teleological end, as it is the only expression of human freedom outside of the laws of nature.
He recognized the concept of purpose has epistemological value for finality, while denying its implications about creative intentions at life and the universe's source.
This heuristic framework claims there is a teleology principle at purpose's source and it is the mechanical devices of the individual original organism, including its heredity.
Kant's ideas allowed Johann Friedrich Blumenbach and his followers to formulate the science of types (morphology) and to justify its autonomy.
This is in accordance with Kant's usual concern with the correspondence between subjectivity (the way that we think) and objectivity (the external world).
The combination would be flown to its target by a pilot in the fighter; then the unmanned bomber was released to hit its target and explode, leaving the fighter free to return to base.
None of these ambitious schemes, with the exception of the Me 262 mistel, had left the drawing board before the end of the war.
The definitive Mistel warhead was a shaped charge weighing nearly two tonnes fitted with a copper or aluminium liner with the weight of a blockbuster bomb.
They were first flown in combat against the Allied invasion fleet during the Battle of Normandy, targeting the British-held harbour at Courseulles-sur-Mer.
As part of Operation Iron Hammer in late 1943 and early 1944, Mistels were selected to carry out key raids against Soviet weapons-manufacturing facilities—specifically, electricity-generating power stations around Moscow and Gorky.
However, before the plan could be implemented, the Red Army had entered Germany, and it was decided to use the Mistels against their bridgehead at Küstrin instead.
On 12 April 1945, Mistels attacked the bridges being built there, but the damage caused was negligible and delayed the Soviet forces for only a day or two.
It features an antenna that increases its height to 421 metres (1,381 feet) and is the 7th tallest freestanding tower in the world.
The rest of the tower below has a stairwell and an elevator to reach the upper area, which also contains a revolving restaurant, providing diners with a panoramic view of the city.
The tower also acts as the Islamic falak observatory to observe the crescent moon which marks the beginning of Muslim month of Ramadhan, Syawal, and Zulhijjah, to celebrate fasting month of Ramadhan, Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Aidiladha.
The official groundbreaking for the Kuala Lumpur Tower was overseen by the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad on 1 October 1991.
Approximately 50,000 cubic metres of concrete were continuously poured for 31 hours, thus setting a record in the Malaysian construction industry.
On 13 September 1994, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad performed the 'topping-up ceremony' where the antenna mast was installed, thus marking the final height of the tower, 421 metres above the ground.
Among the distinguished guests were the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Raja Permaisuri Agong Tuanku Najihah, the wives of the Sultan of Brunei, Sultana Hajah Saleha and Princess Hajah Mariam Binti Abdul Aziz.
Kuala Lumpur Tower, a member of the World Federation of Great Towers, is utilised by several organisations for various broadcasting purposes.
Television stations which are transmitted from the tower includes private (commercial) station, NTV7 a subsidiary of Media Prima Berhad broadcasting through UHF obtained from an antenna by 200 metres.
Kuala Lumpur Tower is not a reliable broadcasting antenna for completely digital broadcasting because the tower is not tall enough to transmit the higher frequency waves needed to areas surrounded by forests or high-rise buildings.
To make Kuala Lumpur Tower more appealing to one free-to-air terrestrial commercial broadcasting on Media Prima Berhad who plan to move their transmitting stations to the new tower have drafted a plan to extend its digital broadcasting antenna by 401 to 421 metres.
To increase the height of the tower's antenna by 421 metres, the structure itself will have to be lengthened by 200 metres, which would cost approximately RM4 billion.
In addition to covering this cost, the company would put RM3.5 billion into refurbishing the transmitting station, offering four times more area to each broadcaster.
Current Kuala Lumpur aviation restrictions limit Kuala Lumpur Tower's height, but has stated that the company plans to discuss the matter with related ministries and agencies.
If these plans are not realised, however, Kuala Lumpur Tower is expected to stop transmitting television waves with the exception of Media Prima Berhad, who will continue to broadcast through the tower.
The KL Tower is the seventh tallest telecommunication tower in the world (after Tokyo Skytree in Japan, the Canton Tower in China, CN Tower in Canada, the Ostankino Tower in Russia, the Oriental Pearl Tower in China, and the Milad Tower in Iran).
Built to enhance the quality of telecommunication services and the clarity of broadcasting, KL Tower is a symbol of Kuala Lumpur.
The tower was moved at a cost of RM430,000 to avoid harming the monumental tree, which is found near the pedestrian mall.
Even though they're not very close, the closest rapid transit stations would be Bukit Nanas Monorail station and Dang Wangi LRT station.
The Cowsills are an American singing group from Newport, Rhode Island, six siblings noted for performing professionally and singing harmonies at an early age, later with their mother.
The band was formed in the spring of 1965 by brothers Bill, Bob, and Barry Cowsill; with their brother John joining shortly thereafter.
A seventh sibling, Bob's twin brother Richard, was never part of the band during its heyday, although he occasionally appeared with them in later years.
When the group expanded to its full family membership by 1967, the six siblings ranged in age from 8 to 19.
After Leonard Stogel took over management of the band, they were signed to MGM Records in 1967 through his efforts on their behalf.
Although Bill and I performed at a very young age, and Bill, I, Barry and John did a lot of frat parties at Brown University and clubs in Newport ... the most memorable performance of what I would view as the precursor of what The Cowsills would be was at Kings Park in Newport (right at the foot of Halidon Hall) at some carnival.
The family angle just evolved ... first Bill and me, then Bill me and Barry, then Bill, me, Barry and John, then Bill, me, Barry, John and Mom, then Bill, me, Barry, John, Mom and Paul, then later, me, Paul, John, Barry, Mom and Susan, then back to Bill, me, Barry and John (very briefly in the end) and then to me, Paul, John and Susan.
He made a request of the group to that extent as their performance would also serve a comedic role in Reiner's mind.
At that time the group had not heard of the musical and considered the request from Reiner as more of an assignment.
In the arrangement for their version, Bob and Bill made sure that each member of the group got to contribute vocally to the recording, both in a lead and background sense.
Bill had an acetate of the song cut at DCT Recorders which ended up being played for a dj at WLS (AM) in Chicago where it generated significant attention.
From 1968 through 1972, the band played an average of 200 performance dates per year, and were among the most popular acts on the American concert circuit..
Now led by Bob, the Cowsills continued as a group releasing three more albums—two with MGM including a greatest hits compilation, and then one with London Records.
Some produced albums and performed from time to time, albeit not as The Cowsills, during the remainder of the 1970s and up into the 1990s.
One project in particular was a band called Bridey Murphy, which was formed in the mid-'70s and featured Paul, Bill, Barry, and Waddy Wachtel, and performed to varying degrees of success.
In the years following the group's split, Susan continued her musical career as a member of The Continental Drifters, along with both her first husband Peter Holsapple and her second husband, Russ Broussard.
She was a member of Dwight Twilley's band in the mid-1980s, and currently leads her own band, the Susan Cowsill Band.
Since December 2000 John has been a regular member of The Beach Boys touring band, playing drums and keyboards and singing lead on some of their tunes.
Bill Cowsill moved to Canada in the 1970s and did well in that country as a solo artist, and as a member of Vancouver, British Columbia's Blue Northern, before forming The Blue Shadows, who recorded two albums for Sony Canada.
This incarnation of the band started playing small clubs and showcases in the Los Angeles area and eventually spread out to similar venues across the country and into Canada.
This has also led to several reunions over the years in various forms, ranging from a few concerts to special feature performances at major events.
This concert took place at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles and included an appearance by Shirley Jones, who introduced the band.
In October 2004, Bob, Paul, Barry, Susan and Richard reunited to sing the National Anthem at Fenway Park before Game 4 of the 2004 American League Championship Series between the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees.
It is a concept album in which she reflects on her losses, mainly through Hurricane Katrina and the deaths of brothers Barry and Bill.
The album features harmonies from her surviving brothers (Bob, Paul and John) as well as appearances by Jackson Browne and Vicki Peterson, and was released May 18, 2010.
Currently, Bob, Paul and Susan perform several shows per month as The Cowsills while still maintaining their separate lives and careers and have been joined occasionally by their brother, John.
During a 50th Anniversary performance at The Cutting Room in New York City, on April 11, 2015, Susan Cowsill said the band planned to return to the studio in January 2016 to begin recording their first new album in 7 years.
After a heated argument with show producer Bob Precht, Bud Cowsill cancelled eight out of the group's nine remaining scheduled performances.
By 1969 Screen Gems approached the family to portray themselves in their own TV sitcom, but when they were told that their mother was to be replaced by actress Shirley Jones the deal fell through.
The film, directed by Louise Palanker and co-directed / edited by Bill Filipiak, tells the behind the scenes story of the family, their rise to fame and subsequent fall due to their father's controlling and abusive nature.
A badly decomposed body recovered from the Chartres Street Wharf in New Orleans on December 28 was identified on January 4, 2006, as Barry.
The official cause of death is believed to be drowning as the New Orleans coroner found no signs of foul play.
He had been in poor health for the last few years of his life, suffering from emphysema, Cushing's syndrome, and osteoporosis.
The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina, was the world's largest active archive of weather data.
Starting as a tabulation unit in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1934, the climate records were transferred to Asheville in 1951, becoming named the National Weather Records Center (NWRC).
In 2015, it was merged with the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and the National Oceanic Data Center (NODC) into the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).
Processing of the climate data was accomplished at Weather Records Processing Centers at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Kansas City, Missouri, and San Francisco, California, until January 1, 1963 when it became consolidated with the NWRC.
The NCDC was then housed at the Veach-Baley Federal Complex in downtown Asheville where it moved after the building's completion in 1995.
In 2015, NCDC merged with the National Geophysical Data Center and the National Oceanographic Data Center to form the National Centers for Environmental Information.
Data were received from a wide variety of sources, including weather satellites, radar, automated airport weather stations, National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observers, aircraft, ships, radiosondes, wind profilers, rocketsondes, solar radiation networks, and NWS Forecast/Warnings/Analyses Products.
The Center provided historical perspectives on climate which were vital to studies on global climate change, the greenhouse effect, and other environmental issues.
While it is generally accepted that humans are negatively influencing the climate, the extent to which humans are responsible is still under study.
Regardless of the causes, it is essential that a baseline of long-term climate data be compiled; therefore, global data must be acquired, quality controlled, and archived.
Working with international institutions such as the International Council of Scientific Unions, the World Data Centers, and the World Meteorological Organization, NCDC develops standards by which data can be exchanged and made accessible.<br><br>NCDC provides the historical perspective on climate.
Wise use of our most valuable natural resource, climate, is the goal of climate researchers, state and regional climate centers, business, and commerce.
The four World Centers (U.S., Russia, Japan and China) have created a free and open situation in which data and dialogue are exchanged.
It was composed of four teams, one in Grand Rapids, Michigan, one in Tennessee, one in North Carolina, and one in Jacksonville, Florida (Jacksonville Dixie Blues), who now play in the Women's Football Alliance.
On December 1, 1969 the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from January 1, 1944 to December 31, 1950.
The reason for the lottery of 1969 was to address perceived inequities in the draft system as it existed previously, and to add more military personnel towards the Vietnam War.
The Vietnam War had arisen from a series of conflicts dating back to the early stages of French colonialism and Japanese occupation of Vietnam in World War II.
President Lyndon B. Johnson increased the number of U.S. personnel in South Vietnam due to the political instability in the country.
More active US involvement in the war began in August 1964, when two U.S. warships were alleged to have been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats.
Due to the heavy demand for military personnel, the United States increased the number of men the draft provided each month.
The war was costing the U.S. $25 billion a year, and many of the young men drafted were being sent to a war they wanted no part of.
Martin Luther King Jr. also started to support the anti-war movement, believing the war to be immoral and expressing alarm at the number of African-American soldiers that were being killed.
Many critics at the time saw Richard Nixon as a liar; when he took office, he claimed that he would begin to withdraw American troops from Vietnam.
After ten months of being in office, the president had yet to start withdrawals, and U.S. citizens felt he had lied.
After much debate within the Nixon administration and Congress, Congress decided that a gradual transition to an all-volunteer force was affordable, feasible, and would enhance the nation's security.
These pieces of paper were then each placed in opaque plastic capsules, which were then mixed in a shoebox and then dumped into a deep glass jar.
All men of draft age (born January 1, 1944 to December 31, 1950) who shared a birth date would be called to serve at once.
The first 195 birthdates drawn were later called to serve in the order they were drawn; the last of these was September 24.
Also on December 1, 1969, a second lottery, identical in process to the first, was held with the 26 letters of the alphabet.
Among men with the same birthdate, the order of induction was determined by the ranks of the first letters of their last, first, and middle names.
A random procedure will not distribute the lottery numbers uniformly over the months of the year, but this was what some people expected.
It happened that November and December births, or numbers 306 to 366, were assigned mainly to lower draft order numbers representing earlier calls to serve.
From January to December, the rank of the average draft pick numbers were 5, 4, 1, 3, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 7, 11, and 12.
A Monte Carlo simulation found that the probability of a random order of months being this close to the 1–12 sequence expected for unsorted slips was 0.09%.
Many men were unable to join the National Guard even though they had passed their physicals, because many state National Guards had long waiting lists to enlist.
Still others chose legal sanctions such as imprisonment, showing their disapproval by illegally burning their draft cards or draft letters, or simply not presenting themselves for military service.
The 1970s were a time of turmoil in the United States, beginning with the civil rights movement which set the standards for practices by the anti-war movement.
For the draft lottery held on July 1, 1970 (which covered 1951 birthdates for use during 1971, and is sometimes called the 1971 draft), scientists at the National Bureau of Standards prepared 78 random permutations of the numbers 1 to 366 using random numbers selected from published tables.
From the 78 permutations, 25 were selected at random and transcribed to calendars using 1 = January 1, 2 = January 2, ... 365 = December 31.
The 365 birthdates (for 1951) were written down, placed in capsules, and put in a drum in the order dictated by the selected calendar.
Similarly, the numbers from 1 to 365 were written down and placed into capsules in the order dictated by the raw permutation.
On July 1, the drawing date, one drum was rotated for an hour and the other for a half-hour (its rotating mechanism failed).
Pairs of capsules were then drawn, one from each drum, one with a 1951 birthdate and one with a number 1 to 366.
The first date and number drawn were September 16 and 139, so all men born September 16, 1951, were assigned draft number 139.
The 11th draws were the date July 9 and the number 1, so men born July 9 were assigned draft number 1 and drafted first.
The draft numbers issued from 1972 to 1975 were not used to call any men into service as the last draft call was on December 7, and authority to induct expired July 1, 1973.
In the present, not much has changed regarding how the draft would be conducted if it were required in the future.
The Selective Service Committee, which presides over draft procedures, has stored the large tumbler that holds all the numbers and dates that would be drawn to select candidates, and the only obvious change between the method of the past and the present is that instead of using pieces of paper in blue capsules, the SSC now uses ping-pong balls with the dates and numbers on them.
It is one of the highest mountains in Iranian Azerbaijan, in addition to being an important dormant volcano in the country.
Due to the presence of a variety of flora and fauna, the Sahand mountains are known as the bride of mountains in Iran.
The absolute dating of Sahand rocks indicates that this volcano has been sporadically active from 12 million years ago up to almost 0.14 million years ago.
In the complex the Sahand Skiing Stadium has a 1200 meters length ski area and skiing and snowboarding is practiced in the resort.
The snow sculpture competition, which runs once a year at mid-winter in the stadium, is a famous entertainment that attracts spectators and competitors from all over the country.
James Lewis Thomas Chalmers Spence (25 November 1874 – 3 March 1955) was a Scottish journalist, poet, author, folklorist and occult scholar.
Spence was a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, and Vice-President of the Scottish Anthropological and Folklore Society.
In this time Spence's interest was sparked in the myth and folklore of Mexico and Central America, resulting in his popularisation of the Mayan Popul Vuh, the sacred book of the Quiché Mayans (1908).
In this book, Spence theorized that the original Britons were descendants of a people that migrated from Northwest Africa and were probably related to the Berbers and the Basques.
Spence's researches into the mythology and culture of the New World, together with his examination of the cultures of western Europe and north-west Africa, led him to the question of Atlantis.
During the 1920s he published a series of books which sought to rescue the topic from the occultists who had more or less brought it into disrepute.
Despite Spence's erudition and the width of his reading, the conclusions he reached, avoiding peer-reviewed journals, have been almost universally rejected by mainstream scholarship.
Nevertheless, he seems to have had some influence upon the ideas of controversial author Immanuel Velikovsky, and as his books have come into the public domain, they have been successfully reprinted and some have been scanned for the Internet.
Spence was also the founder of the Scottish National Movement which later merged to form the National Party of Scotland and which in turn merged to form the Scottish National Party.
Spence died in Edinburgh in 1955 aged 80 and is buried in the north-west section of the 20th century northern extension to Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh.
The Kiev TV Tower () is a lattice steel tower built in 1973 in Kiev, Ukraine, for radio and television broadcasting.
The central pipe, or core, where the elevator is located, is 4 meters in diameter and made of pipe that is 12 mm thick.
At about 200 meters is a second enclosed level that houses television and FM transmitters, as well as a control and maintenance shop.
The tower is unique in that no mechanical fasteners such as rivets are used in the structure: every joint, pipe and fixture is attached by welding.
The Soviet government ordered the engineers to shorten the tower by almost 30%, so as not to be as tall as the Moscow one.
The ship served in the Battle of Tassafaronga, the Battle of Kula Gulf, the Battle of Kolombangara and the Battle of Peleliu.
The second Navy ship named for the city of Honolulu, Hawaii, she was launched on 26 August 1937 at the New York Navy Yard, sponsored by Helen Poindexter (the daughter of Joseph B. Poindexter, the Governor of Hawaii), and commissioned on 15 June 1938, with Captain Oscar Smith in command.
She steamed from New York on 24 May 1939 to join the Pacific Fleet, arriving at San Pedro, California on 14 June.
She operated there through 1941, and she was moored at the Naval Station when the Japanese launched their attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941.
After two months of continuous operations out of Kodiak, Alaska, she proceeded to Kiska in the Aleutian Islands on 7 August, to begin bombardment of the island.
One Japanese destroyer was sunk by American cruiser gunfire, but four cruisers were hit by Japanese torpedoes, with one of the cruisers, , sinking.
After supporting the landings on New Georgia Island on 4 July, she opened fire on enemy ships in the Battle of Kula Gulf, knocking out one destroyer and assisting in the destruction of others.
The task force then retired to Tulagi for temporary repairs, and then departed for the large naval base at Pearl Harbor.
She screened the landings on Green Island on 13 February, before retiring from the Solomons to begin preparations for the Saipan and Guam operations in the Mariana Islands.
She remained on station for three weeks, performing great service with her accurate gunfire, before returning to Purvis Bay on Florida Island in the Solomons on 18 August.
Eighth Wonder of the World is an unofficial title sometimes given to new buildings, structures, projects, or even designs that are deemed to be comparable to the seven Wonders of the World.
In ancient mystery religions, a mystagogue would be responsible for leading an initiate into the secret teachings and rituals of a cultus.
In the early Christian church, this same concept was used to describe role of the bishop, who was responsible for seeing to it that the catechumens were properly prepared for baptism.
Mystagogical homilies, or homilies that dealt with the Church's sacraments, were given to those in the last stages of preparation for full Church membership.
The term is sometimes used to refer to a person who guides people through religious sites, such as churches, and explains the various artifacts.
Early Native American tribes around the Great Lakes region, taught that the mystagogue was a spiritual leader, and upon death would transform into a beast with many heads.
The mystagogue would reappear in his beastly form and feed on those who strayed from the tribe if it was not in keeping with their religious customs.
The historical tradition of the mystagogue has carried on today in one way through the fraternity system in American universities, that have historically held a position for a mystagogue at either the chapter or the national level.
The mystagogue is a person of great respect, and his knowledge concerning both the physical and spiritual matters of the organization is not questioned.
In a way similar to that of some Native American traditions, the mystagogue in the fraternity system has the power to shut down parts of the fraternity which are not in keeping with customs or tradition.
The Gerbrandy Tower consists of a concrete tower with a height of 100 meters on which a guyed aerial mast is mounted.
This tower type is a partially guyed tower, which combines a lower free standing tower antennas with an upper guyed mast.
The Gerbrandy Tower is not the only tower which consists of a concrete tower on which a guyed mast is set.
There is one similar but smaller tower with the same structure in the Netherlands, the radio tower of Zendstation Smilde, which consisted of an 80 metres high concrete tower, on which a 223.5 metres high guyed mast was mounted.
Rebuilding of that tower started in late 2011 and was completed in October 2012; the replacement structure is also a partially guyed tower, now 303 metres high.
Only hours later, a similar tower in Smilde caught fire and collapsed, after which all transmitters in the Gerbrandy tower were shut down as a precaution, leaving large parts of the Netherlands without FM-radio and digital TV (DVB-T) reception.
The ownership of the tower is complex: the concrete main structure is owned by Alticom: a company established in 2007 that bought many assets from KPN.
Alticom was part of the European TDG Group, but in June 2011 it was announced that all shares in Alticom were acquired by investment company Infracapital who are the infrastructure specialists of Prudential plc.
The metal mast on top of the structure is owned by NOVEC, which is a subsidiary of the electricity transmission operator TenneT.
And the ground on which the tower is built, excluding the first three meters around the base, is (still) owned by KPN.
In the event that officers demonstrate superior performance and prove themselves capable of performing at the next higher pay grade, they are given an increase in pay grade.
There are also a small number of direct commissioned officers, primarily staff corps officers in the medical, dental, nurse, chaplain and judge advocate general career fields.
Note 2: See also Commodore (United States) — today an honorific title (but not a pay grade) for selected URL captains (O-6) in major command of multiple subordinate operational units, and formerly a rank (O-7).
Unrestricted Line (URL) and Restricted Line (RL) officers wear an embroidered gold star above their rank of the naval service dress uniform while staff corps officers, and chief warrant officers wear unique specialty devices.
The Liberation Tower is a 372-meter-high telecommunications tower in Kuwait City, Kuwait, the second-tallest structure in the country and the 39th tallest building in the world.
Originally intended to be named The Kuwait Telecommunications Tower, construction of the tower commenced before the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990.
The Almaty Television Tower, or simply Almaty Tower, is a steel television tower built between 1975 and 1983 in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
It has two observation decks at the height of 146 m and 252 m, which are accessible by two high-speed elevators.
The programme was originally recorded in the small (and now closed) Fountain TV studios in New Malden; it then moved to the Capital Studios in Wandsworth.
On 2 September 2019, it was confirmed that Rylan Clark-Neal would host a revived daytime series on BBC One in 2020.
Two members of the public provided two celebrity chefs with a bag of ingredients they had bought, usually to a set budget of £5.
Occasionally, the permitted budget was increased: a so-called Bistro Bag allowed for ingredients of up to £7.50, while the Gourmet Bag could have a value of up to £10.
Another format was used on occasion in which both kitchens were given the same ingredients, and the toss of a red and green die determined who had first pick.
The chefs had to make several dishes out of the said ingredients (and a generously stocked kitchen containing basic ingredients and aids) in 20 minutes, with the help of the contestants and the programme host.
Prior to the September 2006 season it was customary for the chefs to name their dishes, which usually included a pun.
The preparations were voted on by the studio audience, who each held up a card showing either a red tomato or green pepper.
In the newer episodes, the audience members pushed a button on their seat keypad to indicate who they would like to win.
The winner received a cash prize of £100, which celebrity guests donated to charity (an example the regular guests sometimes followed) but this was changed to a plate towards the end of the series.
Their decision was based on produce that was currently in season or unusual ingredients that had not featured on the show recently.
In late August 2007, the quickie bag changed format with the bag being brought in by George Edward Mcauliffe, who challenged the chefs to prepare the dish.
The two chefs each had a chance to describe what they would cook using the bag of ingredients and the audience members voted to choose which dish they would like to see prepared.
The winner then had 10 minutes to complete the described dishes, with the help of the other chef and the host.
The hectic preparation of the chosen chef's suggested dishes often includes a slight element of chaos and ad-libbing along the way.
A viewer's question relating to a cooking problem is usually put to the chefs, further adding to the pressure upon them to complete their dishes in the time allowed.
Celebrity appearances include: David Tennant, Wendy Richard, Kate Winslet, Honor Blackman, James May, Richard Hammond, Paul O'Grady as alter-ego Lily Savage, Cliff Richard, Twiggy, Fiona Bruce, Gail Porter, Midge Ure, Edd China, Amanda Redman, Ade Edmondson and Alan Davies.
The illusion of control is the tendency for people to overestimate their ability to control events; for example, it occurs when someone feels a sense of control over outcomes that they demonstrably do not influence.
Those who were told that they had control, yet had none, felt as though they had as much control as those who actually did have control over the elevator.
Heider later proposed that humans have a strong motive to control their environment and Wyatt Mann hypothesized a basic competence motive that people satisfy by exerting control.
Feedback that emphasizes success rather than failure can increase the effect, while feedback that emphasizes failure can decrease or reverse the effect.
Although people are likely to overestimate their control when the situations are heavily chance-determined, they also tend to underestimate their control when they actually have it, which runs contrary to some theories of the illusion and its adaptiveness.
People also showed a higher illusion of control when they were allowed to become familiar with a task through practice trials, make their choice before the event happens like with throwing dice, and when they can make their choice rather than have it made for them with the same odds.
People are more likely to show control when they have more answers right at the beginning than at the end, even when the people had the same number of correct answers.
People will of course give up control if another person is thought to have more knowledge or skill in areas such as medicine where actual skill and knowledge are involved.
However, when it comes to events of pure chance, allowing another to make decisions (or gamble) on one's behalf, because they are seen as luckier is not rational and would go against people's well-documented desire for control in uncontrollable situations.
However, it does seem plausible since people generally believe that they can possess luck and employ it to advantage in games of chance, and it is not a far leap that others may also be seen as lucky and able to control uncontrollable events.
In one instance, a lottery pool at a company decides who picks the numbers and buys the tickets based on the wins and losses of each member.
The member with the best record becomes the representative until they accumulate a certain number of losses and then a new representative is picked based on wins and losses.
Even though no member is truly better than the other and it is all by chance, they still would rather have someone with seemingly more luck to have control over them.
In another real-world example, in the 2002 Olympics men's and women's hockey finals, Team Canada beat Team USA but it was later believed that the win was the result of the luck of a Canadian coin that was secretly placed under the ice before the game.
The coin was later put in the Hockey Hall of Fame where there was an opening so people could touch it.
The illusion of control is demonstrated by three converging lines of evidence: 1) laboratory experiments, 2) observed behavior in familiar games of chance such as lotteries, and 3) self-reports of real-world behavior.
Subjects had a variable degree of control over the lights, or none at all, depending on how the buttons were connected.
By skill cues, Langer meant properties of the situation more normally associated with the exercise of skill, in particular the exercise of choice, competition, familiarity with the stimulus and involvement in decisions.
One simple form of this effect is found in casinos: when rolling dice in a craps game people tend to throw harder when they need high numbers and softer for low numbers.
Forty percent of the subjects believed their performance on this chance task would improve with practice, and twenty-five percent said that distraction would impair their performance.
Participants who chose their own numbers were less likely to trade their ticket even for one in a game with better odds.
Another way to investigate perceptions of control is to ask people about hypothetical situations, for example their likelihood of being involved in a motor vehicle accident.
They also rate a high-control accident, such as driving into the car in front, as much less likely than a low-control accident such as being hit from behind by another driver.
Ellen Langer, who first demonstrated the illusion of control, explained her findings in terms of a confusion between skill and chance situations.
These are features of a situation that are usually associated with games of skill, such as competitiveness, familiarity and individual choice.
This theory proposes that judgments of control to depend on two conditions; an intention to create the outcome, and a relationship between the action and outcome.
As well as an intention to win, there is an action, such as throwing a die or pulling a lever on a slot machine, which is immediately followed by an outcome.
Even though the outcome is selected randomly, the control heuristic would result in the player feeling a degree of control over the outcome.
To the extent that people are driven by internal goals concerned with the exercise of control over their environment, they will seek to reassert control in conditions of chaos, uncertainty or stress.
While those with high core self-evaluations are likely to believe that they control their own environment (i.e., internal locus of control), very high levels of CSE may lead to the illusion of control.
Taylor and Brown have argued that positive illusions, including the illusion of control, are adaptive as they motivate people to persist at tasks when they might otherwise give up.
His argument is essentially concerned with the adaptive effect of optimistic beliefs about control and performance in circumstances where control is possible, rather than perceived control in circumstances where outcomes do not depend on an individual's behavior.
Taylor and Brown argue that positive illusions are adaptive, since there is evidence that they are more common in normally mentally healthy individuals than in depressed individuals.
However, Pacini, Muir and Epstein have shown that this may be because depressed people overcompensate for a tendency toward maladaptive intuitive processing by exercising excessive rational control in trivial situations, and note that the difference with non-depressed people disappears in more consequential circumstances.
showed that participants in whom they had induced high self-efficacy were significantly more likely to escalate commitment to a failing course of action.
Knee and Zuckerman have challenged the definition of mental health used by Taylor and Brown and argue that lack of illusions is associated with a non-defensive personality oriented towards growth and learning and with low ego involvement in outcomes.
In the late 1970s, Abramson and Alloy demonstrated that depressed individuals held a more accurate view than their non-depressed counterparts in a test which measured illusion of control.
(2005, 2007) found that the overestimation of control in nondepressed people only showed up when the interval was long enough, implying that this is because they take more aspects of a situation into account than their depressed counterparts.
(1989) showed that depressed people believe they have no control in situations where they actually do, so their perception is not more accurate overall.
argue, as do Gollwittzer and Kinney, that while illusory beliefs about control may promote goal striving, they are not conducive to sound decision-making.
Illusions of control may cause insensitivity to feedback, impede learning and predispose toward greater objective risk taking (since subjective risk will be reduced by illusion of control).
Psychologist Daniel Wegner argues that an illusion of control over external events underlies belief in psychokinesis, a supposed paranormal ability to move objects directly using the mind.
As evidence, Wegner cites a series of experiments on magical thinking in which subjects were induced to think they had influenced external events.
They each watched a graph being plotted on a computer screen, similar to a real-time graph of a stock price or index.
Sabalan (Persian: سبلان , Savalan ) is an inactive stratovolcano in the Lesser Caucasus mountain range and Ardabil Province of northwestern Iran.
On one of its slopes around in elevation there are large rock formations of eroded volcanic outcrops which resemble animals, birds, and insects.
On the slopes of the mountain the mineral water from springs attracts large numbers of tourists each year, many of whom have faith in healing properties attributed to the springs.
But the main volcanism happened in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene as some of its rocks have been dated to 5–1.4 million years.
The highest point is at the northeast end of the ridge, and is separated from the + group of southwestern summits by a col.
Precipitation falls primarily as snow in late autumn, winter, and spring, and is sufficient to sustain seven glaciers near the summit above .
The climbing surface includes rocks of various sizes (Class 2 scrambling), and a moderate degree of fitness is required to climb it.
If this is done, a regular car should be able to make it to the base camp during the climbing season.
On a Friday during the climbing season (late June to mid August), one may find hundreds of people on the mountain.
This is a list English words of Polish origin, that is words used in the English language that were borrowed or derived, either directly or indirectly, from Polish.
Borrowings from Polish tend to be mostly words referring to staples of Polish cuisine, names of Polish folk dances or specialist, e.g.
Its highest point reaches , which makes it the third tallest tower in Europe (after the Ostankino Tower at and the Kiev TV Tower at ) and the 15th tallest self-supporting tower in the world.
There is a public observation platform just above it at , from which most of the city and surroundings and the Gulf of Riga can be seen.
Since May 2019, the tower has closed to visitors for about five years for the renovation and expansion of the visitors' area and the adjacent territory under the TV Tower 2.0 project.
It is planned to re-open in 2023 when there will again be a restaurant and the opening of the tower's bomb shelter will open to the public and a 500 kg Foucault pendulum will be installed.
The tower is built on an island called Zaķusala (English: Hare Island) in the middle of the River Daugava, and the base of the tower is located about above mean sea level.
The tower is built to resist winds up to without any noticeable vibration with the help of three dampers installed at the level.
The support section of the tower rises the first , comprising the three pillars that give the tower its unusual appearance, and a central building that contains offices and machine rooms.
There are two high-speed sloping elevators, one in the north-east pillar and one in the south-west pillar, that ascend the bottom section in just 42 seconds.
The middle section, at , contains equipment and a central elevator and is enclosed by panels of COR-TEN, an aluminum-iron alloy.
The top section, at , is a cylindrical structure which supports and contains the various antennas, and is topped by a flagpole.
Sources vary slightly as to the exact height: The official website shows ; Emporis claims the exact equivalent, ; Structurae claims .
They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks.
Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.
The archaeologist Colin Renfrew argued that gathering and storing agricultural surpluses in Bronze Age Minoan ‘palaces’ was a critical ingredient in the formation of proto-state power.
The Horrea Galbae, a warehouse complex on the road towards Ostia, demonstrates that these buildings could be substantial, even by modern standards.
Galba's horrea complex contained 140 rooms on the ground floor alone, covering an area of some 225,000 square feet (21,000 m²).
But as attested by legislation concerning the levy of duties, some medieval merchants across Europe commonly kept goods in their large household storerooms, often on the ground floor or cellars.
An example is the Fondaco dei Tedeschi, the substantial quarters of German traders in Venice, which combined a dwelling, warehouse, market and quarters for travellers.
The warehouses of the trading port Bryggen in Bergen, Norway (now a World Heritage site), demonstrate characteristic European gabled timber forms dating from the late Middle Ages, though what remains today was largely rebuilt in the same traditional style following great fires in 1702 and 1955.
Always a building of function, in the past few decades warehouses have adapted to standardisation, mechanisation, technological innovation and changes in supply chain methods.
The mass production of goods launched by the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries fuelled the development of larger and more specialised warehouses, usually located close to transport hubs on canals, at railways and portside.
Specialisation of tasks is characteristic of the factory system, which developed in British textile mills and potteries in the mid-late 1700s.
Warehouses also fulfill a range of commercial functions besides simple storage, exemplified by Manchester's cotton warehouses and Australian wool stores: receiving, stockpiling and despatching goods; displaying goods for commercial buyers; packing, checking and labelling orders, and dispatching them.
Before and into the nineteenth century, the basic European warehouse was built of load-bearing masonry walls or heavy-framed timber with a suitable external cladding.
Inside, heavy timber posts supported timber beams and joists for the upper levels, rarely more than four to five stories high.
A gabled roof was conventional, with a gate in the gable facing the street, rail lines or port for a crane to hoist goods into the window-gates on each floor below.
Technological innovations of the early 19th century changed the shape of warehouses and the work performed inside them: cast iron columns and later, moulded steel posts; saw-tooth roofs; and steam power.
Two more new power sources, hydraulics, and electricity, re-shaped warehouse design and practice at the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century.
It not only reshaped transport methods but enabled many applications as a compact, portable power plant, wherever small engines were needed.
The forklift, and its load fixed to a uniform pallet, enabled the rise of logistic approaches to storage in the later 20th century.
Warehouses are generally considered industrial buildings and are usually located in industrial districts or zones (such as the outskirts of a city).
Types of warehouses include storage warehouses, distribution centers (including fulfillment centers and truck terminals), retail warehouses, cold storage warehouses, and flex space.
There were already seven warehouses on Portland Street when they commenced building the elaborate Watts Warehouse of 1855, but four more were opened before it was finished.
Ammonia refrigerant is cheaper, easily available, and has a high latent heat of evaporation, but it is also highly toxic and can form an explosive mixture when mixed with fuel oil.
Insulation is also important, to reduce the loss of cold and to keep different sections of the warehouse at different temperatures.
There are two main types of refrigeration system used in cold storage warehouses: vapor absorption systems (VAS) and vapor-compression systems (VCS).
It should be in close proximity to a growing area as well as a market, be easily accessible for heavy vehicles, and have an uninterrupted power supply.
The packing warehouses: Asia House, India House and Velvet House along Whitworth Street in Manchester were some of the tallest buildings of their time.
The first railway warehouse to be built was opposite the passenger platform at the terminus of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
There was an important group of warehouses around London Road station (now Piccadilly station).In the 1890s the Great Northern Railway Company’s warehouse was completed on Deansgate: this was the last major railway warehouse to be built.
The London Warehouse Picadilly was one of four warehouses built by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in about 1865 to service the new London Road Station.
Castlefield warehouses are of this type- and important as they were built at the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal in 1761.
A customised storage building, a warehouse enables a business to stockpile goods, e.g., to build up a full load prior to transport, or hold unloaded goods before further distribution, or store goods like wine and cheese that require maturation.
As a place for storage, the warehouse has to be secure, convenient, and as spacious as possible, according to the owner's resources, the site and contemporary building technology.
Their customers rarely order in pallet or case quantities; instead, they typically order just one or two pieces of one or two items.
They include the order, the picker, the pick module, the pick area, handling equipment, the container, the pick method used and the information technology used.
Warehouse operation can fail when workers move goods without work orders, or when a storage position is left unregistered in the system.
Material direction and tracking in a warehouse can be coordinated by a Warehouse Management System (WMS), a database driven computer program.
Logistics personnel use the WMS to improve warehouse efficiency by directing pathways and to maintain accurate inventory by recording warehouse transactions.
Pallets and product move on a system of automated conveyors, cranes and automated storage and retrieval systems coordinated by programmable logic controllers and computers running logistics automation software.
These high-bay storage areas are often more than 10 meters (33 feet) high, with some over 20 meters (65 feet) high.
Slotting addresses which storage medium a product is picked from (pallet rack or carton flow), and how they are picked (pick-to-light, pick-to-voice, or pick-to-paper).
With a proper slotting plan, a warehouse can improve its inventory rotation requirements—such as first in, first out (FIFO) and last in, first out (LIFO)—control labor costs and increase productivity.
It is important to know the dimensions of racking and the number of bays needed as well as the dimensions of the product to be stored.
Modern warehouses commonly use a system of wide aisle pallet racking to store goods which can be loaded and unloaded using forklift trucks.
Traditional warehousing has declined since the last decades of the 20th century, with the gradual introduction of Just In Time techniques.
However, with the gradual implementation of offshore outsourcing and offshoring in about the same time period, the distance between the manufacturer and the retailer (or the parts manufacturer and the industrial plant) grew considerably in many domains, necessitating at least one warehouse per country or per region in any typical supply chain for a given range of products.
Typically, items ready for sale are on the bottom of the racks, and crated or palletized inventory is in the upper rack.
Cross-docking is a specialised type of distribution center (DC) in that little or no inventory is stored and product is received, processed (if needed) and shipped within a short timeframe.
There are few non-profit organizations which are focused on imparting knowledge, education and research in the field of warehouse management and its role in the supply chain industry.
The Australian College of Training have government funded programs to provide personal development and continuation training in warehousing certs II – V (Diploma), they operate in Western Australia online and face to face, or Australia wide for online only courses.
Warehousing has unique health and safety challenges and has been recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues.
He was known for his flamboyant suits, his wicked charm, and his risqué jokes which often got him into trouble with the censors.
He was the second child of James Sargent, a labourer and Alice (née West), a flower seller; Miller had three brothers and two sisters.
His parents were poor and often unable to pay rent so were forced to move to other parts of the town.
He tried various jobs, labouring, delivering milk, selling fish and chips, caddying at the Brighton and Hove Golf Course and finally trained to be a motor mechanic.
He joined the Royal Sussex Regiment and, after serving in France, was posted to India and a year later to Mesopotamia, where he was temporarily blinded for three days.
Returning to Brighton he saw an advertisement for artists to join Jack Sheppard's concert party in an alfresco theatre on Brighton beach.
Kathleen Marsh came from a middle-class family whose parents came to Brighton from Dorset shortly before she was born in 1896.
Her elder brother Ernest Marsh served as a Brighton alderman for 43 years and became mayor of the then town from 1949 to 1950.
Max and Kathleen formed a double act for a while but it became obvious to her that Max was the stronger performer and that he would be better as a solo act.
This show ran until February 1926 when he got work in variety or cine-variety, the latter a show half film and half live acts.
Miller much preferred to perform solo, and from 1930 onwards, he appeared in variety in various large theatres including the London Palladium and the Holborn Empire.
In those days instant success was unheard of, and Miller, like any other performer, had to earn his fame through a long apprenticeship.
Although he was not credited for his role, his three-minute debut was impressive, got him noticed and led to his making a further 13 films working up from small parts to starring roles.
The act is Miller's, and the sequence is the only one in existence giving us an idea of his stage act.
He would sometimes wait for up to 10 seconds until he appeared leading to resounding applause, walk to the microphone and just stand there in his costume, a gloriously colourful suit with plus-fours, a kipper tie, trilby and co-respondent shoes and wait for the laughter to begin.
He used double entendre and when telling a joke would often leave out the last word or words for the audience to complete.
He preferred being booked in theatres in London or the south, so he could return to his beloved Brighton after a show.
But in 1932 he embarked on his only overseas tour, when he sailed to Cape Town to appear in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa.
After that Miller was back touring in variety and broke all records as the highest paid variety artist, earning £1,025 in a single week at the Coventry Hippodrome in February, 1943.
In the last he was annoyed that he was only given six minutes while the American comedian Jack Benny got 20 minutes, so he abandoned his script and went on for 12 minutes ending with riotous applause.
The new medium did not suit his style; he needed the feedback only a live theatre audience could give him and the freedom to use his naughty material.
His last West End appearance took place at the Palace Theatre in April 1959 and the last ever in variety in Folkestone in December 1960.
Miller's material needed approval by those bodies but by using innuendo, leaving out the last word or words of a joke, he could get away with much risqué and saucy material.
In one of his acts he would take from his pocket two books, one a white book and the other a blue book, explaining to the audience that these are joke books and asking them which the audience would like; the crowd almost always chose the blue book.
It has erected a bronze statue sculptured by Peter Webster in the Royal Pavilion Gardens, New Road, Brighton (unveiled 1 May 2005; re-sited August 2007) and mounted two blue plaques on his former homes on Ashcroft in Kingston Lane, Shoreham-by-Sea (2000) and at 160 Marine Parade, Brighton (2006).
Thomas Edwin Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix; January 6, 1880 – October 12, 1940) was an American film actor and the star of many early Western movies between 1909 and 1935.
He was Hollywood's first Western star and helped define the genre as it emerged in the early days of the cinema.
Thomas Hezikiah Mix was born January 6, 1880 in Mix Run, Pennsylvania, about north of State College, Pennsylvania, to Edwin Elias Mix (February 22, 1854 – November 29, 1927) and Elizabeth Heistand (November 1858 – July 25, 1937).
He grew up in nearby DuBois, Pennsylvania, where his father, a stable master for a wealthy lumber merchant, taught him to ride and love horses.
He had dreams of being in the circus and was rumored to have been caught by his parents practicing knife-throwing tricks against a wall, using his sister as an assistant.
His unit never went overseas, and Mix later failed to return for duty after an extended furlough when he married Grace I. Allin on July 18, 1902.
In 1905, Mix rode in President Theodore Roosevelt's inaugural parade with a group of 50 horsemen led by Seth Bullock, which included several former Rough Riders.
He eventually found employment at the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch, one of the largest ranching businesses in the United States, covering , hence its name.
He stood out as a skilled horseman and expert shot, winning national riding and roping contests at Prescott, Arizona, in 1909, and Canon City, Colorado, in 1910.
Shot at the Selig studio in the Edendale district of Los Angeles (now known as Silver Lake), the film was a success, and Mix became an early motion picture star.
By then, Selig Polyscope had encountered severe financial difficulties, and Mix and Forde both subsequently signed with Fox Film Corporation, which had leased the Edendale studio.
Today, his Bar Circle A Ranch developed into a planned community called Yavapai Hills where there is still a street named Bar Circle Ranch Road.
The set also included a simulated desert, a large corral, and (to facilitate interior shots) a ranch house with no roof.
Mix played hard-to-get, threatening to move to Argentina to make films or to join the circus, but eventually he signed with FBO, although he then left the studio for Universal after salary disputes with FBO studio head Joseph P. Kennedy.
Meanwhile, the Great Depression (along with the actor's free-spending ways and many wives) reportedly had wiped out most of his savings.
He acted in nine films for Universal, but because of injuries he received while filming, he was reluctant to do any more.
Outdoor action sequences for the production were filmed primarily on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, on the outskirts of Los Angeles.
In one episode, Mix was filmed descending from the top of the rock, with boot holes carved into it to assist him in making the descent.
The Ralston company offered ads during the radio program for listeners to send in for a series of 12 special Ralston–Tom Mix comic books available only by writing the Ralston Company by mail.
Most of Mix's radio work has been lost over the years; recordings of only approximately 30 scattered episodes, and no complete story arcs, survive.
On October 12, 1940, after visiting Pima County Sheriff Ed Echols in Tucson, Arizona, Mix headed north towards Phoenix on U.S. Highway 80 (now Arizona State Route 79), driving his 1937 Cord 812 Phaeton.
He stopped to call his agent at the Oracle Junction Inn, a popular gambling and drinking establishment, then continued toward Phoenix.
A large aluminum suitcase containing money, traveler's checks, and jewels, situated on the package shelf behind his head, hurtled forward and struck him, breaking his neck.
His funeral took place at the Little Church of the Flowers in Glendale, California, on October 16, 1940, and was attended by thousands of fans and Hollywood personalities.
When an injury caused football player Marion Morrison (later known as John Wayne) to drop out of the University of Southern California, Mix helped him find work moving props in the back lot of Fox Studios.
As of 2007, only about 10% of these were known to be available for viewing, though it was unclear how many are now considered lost films.
For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Mix has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1708 Vine Street.
His cowboy boot prints, palm prints and the hoof prints of his horse, Tony, are at Grauman's Chinese Theatre, at 6925 Hollywood Boulevard.
In 1958 Mix was inducted posthumously into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Between 1980 and 2004, 21 Tom Mix festivals were held during the month of September, most of them in DuBois, Pennsylvania.
By the 21st century, people were more familiar with Mix's name through the many cultural references which have echoed long after his death than from his films.
A limit price (or limit pricing) is a price, or pricing strategy, where products are sold by a supplier at a price low enough to make it unprofitable for other players to enter the market.
The quantity produced by the incumbent firm to act as a deterrent to entry is usually larger than would be optimal for a monopolist, but might still produce higher economic profits than would be earned under perfect competition.
The problem with limit pricing as strategic behavior is that once the entrant has entered the market, the quantity used as a threat to deter entry is no longer the incumbent firm's best response.
This means that for limit pricing to be an effective deterrent to entry, the threat must in some way be made credible.
A way to achieve this is for the incumbent firm to constrain itself to produce a certain quantity whether entry occurs or not.
An example of this would be if the firm signed a union contract to employ a certain (high) level of labor for a long period of time.
It is important to note that due to the often ambiguous nature of cost in production, it may be relatively easy for a firm to avoid legal difficulties when undertaking such action.
When a monopoly exists, it becomes very difficult to compare alternative prices with other, similar firms to confirm claims that limit pricing may be occurring.
Firm B also has no fixed costs, and has constant marginal cost equal to formula_3, where formula_4 (so that Firm B's marginal cost is greater than Firm A's).
Since Firm B will never sell below its marginal cost, as long as formula_6, Firm B will not enter the market when Firm A charges formula_7.
In this case, if Firm A charges formula_7, Firm B has an incentive to enter the market, since it can sell a positive quantity of good X at a price above its marginal cost, and therefore make positive profits.
In order to prevent Firm B from having an incentive to enter the market, Firm A must set its price no greater than formula_3.
Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin, (born 23 September 1949) is a Trinidadian-British actress, author, television presenter, singer, businesswoman and politician.
On 28 June 2010, Lady Benjamin was introduced to the House of Lords as a Life Peer nominated by the Liberal Democrats with the title of Baroness Benjamin, of Beckenham in the County of Kent.
She was chief executive of Floella Benjamin Productions Ltd, which had produced television programmes since 1987 and was dissolved in 2014.
Benjamin was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to broadcasting in the 2001 New Year Honours.
In 2006, she was awarded the degree of Hon D.Litt (Exon) by the University of Exeter for contributions to the life of the United Kingdom.
In the 2010 Dissolution Honours List, she was appointed a Liberal Democrat life peer, being created Baroness Benjamin, of Beckenham in the London Borough of Bromley on 26 June 2010.
In 2010, she was appointed Chair of Governors at The Isle of Sheppey Academy until her term in office expired at the end of 2011.
Benjamin was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to charity.
In July 2007 she spoke of what she saw as the low standard of children's television and in March 2013, she used a speech marking International Women's Day to warn of the impact on children of the availability of violent pornographic material online, claiming this was leading to the increasing objectification of women.
In October 2015 in a talk to migrant children, Floella Benjamin said that dropping her accent was the key to her success and that migrant pupils should do the same to avoid racism and bullying.
CRYPTREC is the Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committees set up by the Japanese Government to evaluate and recommend cryptographic techniques for government and industrial use.
It is comparable in many respects to the European Union's NESSIE project and to the Advanced Encryption Standard process run by National Institute of Standards and Technology in the U.S..
Both efforts include some of the best cryptographers in the world therefore conflicts in their selections and recommendations should be examined with care.
For instance, CRYPTREC recommends several 64 bit block ciphers while NESSIE selected none, but CRYPTREC was obliged by its terms of reference to take into account existing standards and practices, while NESSIE was not.
Essentially the same consideration led to CRYPTREC's inclusion of 160-bit message digest algorithms, despite their suggestion that they be avoided in new system designs.
Also, CRYPTREC was unusually careful to examine variants and modifications of the techniques, or at least to discuss their care in doing so; this resulted in particularly detailed recommendations regarding them.
It was started in May 2000 by combining efforts from several agencies who were investigating methods and techniques for implementing 'e-Government' in Japan.
It is also the organization providing technical evaluation and recommendations in regard to regulations implementing Japanese laws: examples include that on Electronic Signatures and Certification Services (Law 102 of FY2000, taking effect as from April 2001), the Basic Law on the Formulation of an Advanced Information and Telecommunications Network Society of 2000 (Law 144 of FY2000), and the Public Individual Certification Law of December 2002.
Piers Morgan was born in 1965 in Surrey, England (although he moved to Newick, Sussex, England after a few months) as Piers Stefan O'Meara, the son of Vincent Eamonn O'Meara, an Irish dentist originally from County Offaly, and Gabrielle Georgina Sybille (née Oliver), who raised her son as a Catholic.
His father died when Morgan was 11 months old; his mother later married Glynne Pughe-Morgan, a Welsh publican later in the meat distribution business, and he took his stepfather's surname.
He was at the independent Cumnor House prep school between the ages of seven and 13, then Chailey School, a comprehensive secondary school in Chailey, near Lewes, East Sussex.
Although he was not a fan of pop music, he was considered skilled at self-publicity and became the column's main writer.
Morgan left this post in 1995 shortly after publishing photographs of Catherine Victoria Lockwood, then wife of Charles, Earl Spencer, leaving an addictive disorders clinic in Surrey.
This action ran against the editors' code of conduct, a misdemeanour for which the Press Complaints Commission upheld a complaint against Morgan.
Fearful of a privacy law action if he had not criticised one of his employees, Murdoch is said to have apologised to Morgan in private.
Morgan was found by the Press Complaints Commission to have breached the Code of Conduct on financial journalism, but kept his job.
During the trial it emerged that Morgan had bought £67,000 worth of Viglen shares, emptying his bank account and investing under his (first) wife's name, too.
However, Morgan has refused to admit that the photographs were faked, and has stated that the abuse shown in the photographs is similar to the sort of abuse which was happening in the British Army in Iraq at the time.
At the annual Pride of Britain Awards broadcast on ITV, Morgan chaired a panel of prominent people who had chosen the recipients of the awards from 1999 to 2006.
Morgan and Platell were put together because of their opposing political viewpoints; Platell interrogated guests from the right wing, Morgan from the left wing.
The show was dropped after three series reputedly because of poor viewing figures, although the chairman of Channel 4 Luke Johnson was reported not to like the programme.
He was eventually the overall winner, being named Celebrity Apprentice by host Donald Trump on 27 March, ahead of fellow finalist, American country music star Trace Adkins, and having raised substantially more cash than all the other contestants combined.
Morgan stated he personally would not vote for Donald Trump in the 2016 United States presidential election (though as a permanent resident of the United States, not a citizen, he is not qualified to vote).
He predicted Trump's election as President of the United States and has described himself as a close personal friend of Trump.
Morgan criticised Trump after Trump retweeted Jayda Fransen, deputy leader of the small right-wing party Britain First in late November 2017.
During Trump's state visit to the United Kingdom in June 2019, Morgan once again interviewed Trump, this time at the Churchill War Rooms.
The conflict escalated and at one point the host, Angus Deayton, asked if they wished to go outside and have a fight.
In May 2011, Morgan banned actor Hugh Grant from his shows on CNN and ITV after Grant spoke out against the need for the tabloid press.
On 24 September 2014, the Trinity Mirror publishing group admitted for the first time that some of its journalists had been involved in phone hacking and agreed to pay compensation to four people who sued for the alleged hacking of voicemails.
Morgan announced in mid 2011 that the couple were expecting a child, and on 25 November 2011, Walden gave birth to a daughter, Elise, her first child and Morgan's fourth.
When Arsenal midfielder Aaron Ramsey met Morgan on 26 April 2015, Ramsey refused to shake his hand due to the criticism he received from Morgan during the 2012–13 season.
The Council of State () is a body established by the Constitution of Ireland to advise the President of Ireland in the exercise of many of his or her discretionary, reserve powers.
It also has authority to provide for the temporary exercise of the duties of the president in the event that these cannot be exercised by either the president or the Presidential Commission (an eventuality that is very unlikely to occur, since it would require the simultaneous absence of the President and two members of the three-member Commission).
Unlike most of the president's other duties, which must be conducted in accordance with the advice of the cabinet, the seven presidential appointees to the Council of State are chosen at the president's absolute discretion.
When the McCracken Tribunal found in 1997 that former Taoiseach Charles Haughey had misled the Tribunal, there were calls for him to formally resign from the Council of State.
Before exercising any reserve power but one, the President is required to seek the advice of the Council of State, although not required to follow its advice.
Article 13 allows additional powers to be given to the President acting on the advice of the Government; originally, it was the advice of the Council of State that was to be required.
Article 14 provides for a Presidential Commission as the collective vice-presidency of the state when the President is absent; originally the Council of State was to fill this function.
The Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 1958, which was defeated at a referendum, gave a role for the Council of State in the work of an envisaged constituency boundary commission.
Working meetings called by the President for consultation under the terms of the Constitution are rare, though less so since the election of Mary Robinson in 1990.
Four meetings have related to an address the Oireachtas, which requires the approval of the Government as well as the consultation of the Council of State.
At the first meeting of the Council in Mary McAleese's first term, there was a photocall in the State Reception Rooms.
Members are seated in order of precedence in the Presidents' Room around a 1927 dining table purchased by President de Valera in 1961.
The Council does not offer collective advice; the President asks each member in turn to comment, and further discussion may involve several members.
Apart from the Council of State's official meetings, its members are invited to important state functions, such as state funerals, the National Day of Commemoration, and the inauguration of the next President.
The seven new Presidential nominees of Mary McAleese's second term were introduced at a luncheon in the Áras the month after their appointment.
In some cases, the President has decided to sign the bill (thereby enacting it) without referring it to the Supreme Court; in other cases, the President has referred the bill (or sections of it) and the court has upheld its constitutionality; and in other cases the Court has found some or all of the referred portions to be unconstitutional.
It is not revealed whether some or all members of the Council of State counselled for or against the President's course of action.
Jim Duffy in 1991 criticised the lack of supporting resources for members of the Council; at meetings they were provided only with a copy of the Constitution.
By contrast, prior to the 2013 meeting to discuss the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill, a dossier of background information was sent to each member, including legal briefs and news reports.
Although the serving Chief Justice is a member of the Council, by convention they do not get involved in substantive discussions on the bill, as they will be involved in the deliberations if the bill does get referred.
The 2013 meeting was the first at which two serving members of the Supreme Court were present, as John Murray is an ex-Chief Justice but was then an ordinary member of the Court, the first such since the term of the Chief Justice was limited to seven years in 1997.
He was born in New York City and educated at the College of the City of New York (S.B., 1871) and Columbia University (M.D., 1874).
Abbe was most known as a plastic surgeon, and between 1877 and 1884 he served as a surgeon and professor of surgery at the New York Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital, and the New York Babies Hospital.
During this time, he would spend summers travelling, and he amassed a large collection of Native American artifacts and archeological materials.
He was an attending surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital in New York, where the plastic surgical laboratory is named for him.
He was a lecturer and fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and Vice President of the Academy of Medicine.
He collected many photographs of her, documented the production of radium, and explored, with her, the medical uses of radiation and x-rays.
He was a vigorous opponent of the use of tobacco which he considered a cause of cancer and reported over 100 cases of smoker's cancer.
Those who knew him recognized his unique spirit, and many who visit the Museum today feel the specialness of the man and the museum.
His dreams of a museum became reality with the help of friends such as George Dorr and Charles Eliot, the founding fathers of Acadia National Park.
Its founding coincided with that of the national park, which was established as Lafayette National Park in 1919 and became Acadia in 1929.
Today it is one of only two remaining private trailside museums in national parks, the other one being the Borax Museum in Death Valley, California.
On the Sublime (Περì Ὕψους Perì Hýpsous) is a Roman-era Greek work of literary criticism dated to the 1st century AD.
The treatise highlights examples of good and bad writing from the previous millennium, focusing particularly on what may lead to the sublime.
Subsequent interpretations have attributed the work to Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1st century) or Cassius Longinus (c. 213–273 AD), though neither is now widely accepted.
There remains the possibility that the work belongs to neither Cassius Longinus nor Dionysius of Halicarnassus, but, rather, some unknown author writing under the Roman Empire, likely in the 1st century.
Cassius is a dubious possibility for author of the treatise because he wrote in the 3rd century, and no literature later than the 1st century AD is mentioned (the latest is Cicero, who died in 43 BC) and the work is now usually dated to the early 1st century AD.
The work ends with a dissertation on the decay of oratory, a typical subject for the time when authors such as Tacitus, Petronius and Quintilian, who also dealt with the subject, were alive.
Cassius was executed by Aurelian, the Roman emperor who conquered Palmyra in 273 AD, on charges of conspiring against the Roman state.
This was most likely because of what he had written for Queen Zenobia of Palmyra while she was still in power.
Longinus is reported to have written answers for the Queen, which were used in response to Aurelian, the man who would soon rise to power as the Roman emperor.
Given his positive reference to Genesis, Longinus has been assumed to be either a Hellenized Jew or readily familiar with the Jewish culture.
On the other hand, too much luxury and wealth leads to a decay in eloquence—eloquence being the goal of the sublime writer.
The effects of the Sublime are: loss of rationality, an alienation leading to identification with the creative process of the artist and a deep emotion mixed in pleasure and exaltation.
But on the contrary, he thought that literature could model a soul, and that a soul could pour itself out into a work of art.
The author speaks also about the decay of oratory, as arising not only from absence of personal freedom but also from the corruption of morals, which together destroy that high spirit which generates the Sublime.
If Petronius pointed out excess of rhetoric and the pompous, unnatural techniques of the schools of eloquence as the causes of decay, Tacitus was nearer to Longinus in thinking that the root of this decadence was the establishment of Princedom, or Empire, which, though it brought stability and peace, also gave rise to censorship and brought an end to freedom of speech.
Matters are further complicated in realizing that ancient writers, Longinus' contemporaries, do not quote or mention the treatise in any way.
The treatise is also limited in its concentration on spiritual transcendence and lack of focus on the way in which language structures determine the feelings and thoughts of writers.
Longinus rebels against the popular rhetoric of the time by implicitly attacking ancient theory in its focus on a detailed criticism of words, metaphors, and figures.
More explicitly, in refusing to judge tropes as entities unto themselves, Longinus promotes the appreciation of literary devices as they relate to passages as a whole.
As far as the language is concerned, the work is certainly a unicum because it is a blend of expressions of the Hellenistic Koine Greek to which are added elevated constructions, technical expressions, metaphors, classic and rare forms which produce a literary pastiche at the borders of linguistic experimentation.
Not only does Longinus come to Plato's defense, but he also attempts to raise his literary standing in opposition to current criticisms.
Another influence on the treatise can be found in Longinus' rhetorical figures, which draw from theories by a 1st-century BC writer, Caecilius of Calacte.
Herzog says that he thinks of Longinus as a good friend and considers that Longinus's notions of illumination has a parallel in some moments in his films.
HETAC was created in 2001, subject to the policies of the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland, and, specifically, granted qualifications at many Institutes of Technology and other colleges.
The National Council for Educational Awards (NCEA) was founded in April 1972, on an ad-hoc basis and granted the first National Certificates that year at five Regional Technical Colleges.
The founding director of the National Council for Educational Awards was Padraig Mac Diarmada, whose educational vision and philosophy created the foundation stone for HETAC, and further education for all in Ireland.
Early on it was decided that the NCEA would be the only extra-university conferring institution in the State at higher education rather than having a multitude of competing institutions, with authority to grant awards at all academic levels including degree level.
During the 1970s this caused some trouble as Fine Gael-Labour (National Coalition) government attempted to limit the NCEA to sub-degree awards only, later Fianna Fáil government of 1977 restored the full powers and placed the NCEA on a statutory footing in 1980 by the National Council for Educational Awards Act, 1979.
The first chief executive, former Holy Trinity NS, Donaghmede, national teacher and INTO President Séamus Puirséil (Seamus Purcell), was previously the executive officer of the NCEA.
In October 2008 the Irish Government announced its intention to amalgamate HETAC with FETAC and NQAI, the two other bodies established under the Qualifications Act, while also incorporating the functions for the external review of Irish universities then carried out by the Irish Universities Quality Board.
In 2004 HETAC completed the transition from awards derived from the NCEA standards to a new awards system based on the National Framework of Qualifications.
Reportedly the world's largest Muslim organization, WAMY organizes conferences, symposia, educational workshops and research circles to address youth and students issues, in addition to football tournaments and European Muslim Scouts camps for Muslim youth in Europe.
It maintains satellite chapters in 31 other countries and is affiliated with some 196 other Muslim youth groups on five continents.
WAMY was founded in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 1972, and it opened offices in countries with significant Muslim populations throughout the world.
WAMY aims to organize exchange visits, Hajj and Umrah trips and provide training and support to Muslim youth organizations in order to help them better fulfill their objectives.
Originally named Green Jellö, the band changed its name due to legal pressure from Kraft Foods, the owners of the Jell-O trademark, who claimed that it was an infringement of their trademark.
Known for sophomoric humor, theatrical performances and intentionally crude musicianship, Green Jellÿ has had hundreds of members during the band's existence, with vocalist Bill Manspeaker the only consistent member throughout.
The name, which was suggested by a friend of the band, was chosen because the band members felt lime-flavored Jell-O was the worst Jell-O flavor, and Manspeaker believed this also reflected the band's talents.
The band were musical novices to the degree that the bassist had to color-code the frets on his bass guitar so that he could memorize finger placement by color.
During the show, members of the rowdy audience broke into the venue's kitchen mid-concert and found a full case of ice cream sandwiches, which they proceeded to throw at the band.
By the end of the night the stage was ruined and Green Jellö had to reimburse the venue for damages and cleaning.
Another early gig at a YMCA also ended in the band having to pay for clean-up; this time for spilling a large amount of fake blood on the carpets.
The group was eventually banned from Buffalo music club McVans for an act that included smashing televisions on stage with a sledgehammer.
Implements of sadomasochism, such as inversion boots and wheels of torture were employed and on some occasions the band incompetently played an entire show of Led Zeppelin covers.
In 1984 Green Jellö opened for the Ramones at a Buffalo State College summertime outdoor free concert, and the band (who as the opening act had their equipment set up in front of the Ramones' gear) were pelted by the audience with the usual Jell-O, whipped cream and pudding.
The back cover of the picture sleeve features an actual endorsement from Kiss member Paul Stanley, whom Green Jellö had met during that time.
Other weird things Green Jellö used to do on stage during early Buffalo shows included making peanut butter and jelly sandwiches on their chests, and ironing clothes on stage while singing.
In 1987, while working at Tower Records on Sunset Boulevard, they reformed the band, and quickly became a fixture in the Hollywood underground scene.
Their first Los Angeles show was at The Central (which later became the Viper Room on Sunset Blvd), playing a show organized by Sylvia Massy, who would later produce two of their albums.
In 1988, Bill and the band met Gwar, and an instant friendship was formed over their mutual love of costumes and props.
After the initial meeting, Green Jellö decided to ditch their uncomfortable and dangerous papier maché/chicken wire costume heads in favor of the more user friendly foam rubber heads that Gwar had been making.
The band began to tighten up musically, enlisting drummer Danny Carey (later in Tool), as well as bassist Bill Tutton (King Dot), guitarists Marc Levinthal (Pippi Rockstocking), Steven Shenar (Sven Seven), C.J.
17 for most of the summer of 1993 in the US, receiving both an MTV music award and Billboard music award nomination.
In 1994, Green Jellÿ began a joint venture with $4 million from their parent company, BMG Music, to open Green Jellÿ Studios, an audio and visual production house on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California.
Focusing more on the musical side, and even featuring non-comedy songs, the album was a more eclectic gathering, ranging from thrash metal to grunge rock to dance music.
Due to the state of video game music technology at that time, the soundtrack was not recorded music, but a computerized rendition of the songs.
In 1995, the band recorded an album's worth of brand-new material for Zoo Entertainment, but due to ongoing problems with the struggling label which would eventually lead to it being merged with Volcano Entertainment in 1996, the album was not released.
Although Green Jellÿ never officially broke up, the members of the band's core Cereal Killer/333 lineup (with the exception of Manspeaker) gradually started going separate ways afterwards.
On February 19, 2008, music news website Blabbermouth.net announced that Green Jellÿ was reuniting and that a possible U.S. tour was in the works.
The band also re-released the Cereal Killer and 333 video/albums on a self-produced DVD with Originology Records, which were only sold at their concerts.
In late August, the band announced via their Myspace page that they would again be going on tour in the Fall.
On March 25, 2010, Green Jellÿ embarked on the Parental Advisory tour with headliners Nashville Pussy and the cult comedy metal band Psychostick.
The band took most of 2011 off, only playing select shows at The Vans Warped Tour and The Skatopia Bowl Bash.
To present day 2019 this tour has been ongoing and only broke for brief periods of time, up to three weeks.
While talking to members of the local opening bands at shows, Bill Manspeaker realized that a lot of these people grew up listening to, and learning how to play along to, Green Jellÿ songs.
The concept would allow Manspeaker to fly to a state one weekend, meet his franchise band at the airport, play three shows, and fly home before starting the process all over again the next weekend in a new state with a new frachise band.
Toronto filmmaker & Green Jellö superfan Rob Gabriele joined, toured, and documented the band and their crazy antics while on stage at seedy dive bars.
A clear with Green splatter version limited to 100 copies, and a Three Little Pigs version and Maximum Carnage version limited to 200 copies each.
Bill Manspeaker, Lazy D, Mike Snyder, and a few members of the Eastern Canadian chapter, appeared on Trailer Park Boys: Park After Dark.
The following day, Bill Manspeaker, along with members of the band, showed up at the promoters home to demand their money.
Later in 1992, Green Jellÿ was sued by the Kellogg Company for trademark infringement of their Toucan Sam character, as well as others.
Demogorgon is a deity or demon, associated with the underworld and envisaged as a powerful primordial being, whose very name had been taboo.
Although often ascribed to Greek mythology, the name probably arises from an unknown copyist's misreading of a commentary by a fourth-century scholar, Lactantius Placidus.
The Lactantius Placidus commentary became the most common medieval commentary on the poem by Statius and is transmitted in most early editions up to 1600.
The commentary has been attributed incorrectly to a different Lactantius, the Christian author Lucius Caelius Firmianus Lactantius, even though the commentator appears to have been Mithraic.
Note, however, Milton does not refer to the inhabitants of Hell, but of an unformed region where Chaos rules with Night.
They travel through the air in various strange conveyances, and it is no easy matter to distinguish between their convention and a Witches' Sabbath.
A bold bad man, that dar'd to call by name<br>Great Gorgon, Prince of darknesse and dead night,<br>At which Cocytus quakes, and Styx is put to flight.
He is known as the Prince of Demons, a self-proclaimed title, but one that is acknowledged by mortals and even his fellow demons because of his power and influence.
However, he does not have a fixed place in the game, and is generally only seen when other major demons summon him (a small probability per turn).
It was written in 1881 and first staged in 1882 in Chicago, Illinois, in a production by a Danish company on tour.
Because of its subject matter, which includes religion, venereal disease, incest, and euthanasia, it immediately generated strong controversy and negative criticism.
She has built the orphanage to deplete her husband's wealth so that their son Oswald will not inherit anything from him.
Pastor Manders once advised her to return to her husband despite his philandering, and she followed his advice in the hope that she could reform him.
But her husband continued his affairs until his death, and Mrs. Alving stayed with him to protect her son from the taint of scandal and for fear of being shunned by the community.
In the course of the play, she discovers that her son Oswald (whom she had sent away to avoid his being corrupted by his father) is suffering from syphilis that she believes he inherited from his father.
She also discovers that Oswald has fallen in love with her maid Regina Engstrand, who is revealed to be the illegitimate daughter of Captain Alving and is therefore Oswald's half-sister.
Earlier, Manders had persuaded Mrs. Alving not to insure the orphanage, as to do so would imply a lack of faith in divine providence.
Engstrand says the blaze was caused by Manders' carelessness with a candle and offers to take the blame, which Manders readily accepts.
The play concludes with Mrs. Alving having to confront the decision of whether or not to euthanize her son in accordance with his wishes.
The issue of Lord Chamberlain's Office censorship, because of the subject matter of illegitimate children and sexually transmitted disease, was avoided by the formation of a subscription-only Independent Theatre Society to produce the play.
On 4 May 1962, the play was represented in México, in the Theatre Sala Chopin in Mexico City with Mexican actress and Hollywood star Dolores del Río in the role of Mrs. Alving.
The cast included Edward Binns, John Neville (who also directed the production) as Pastor Manders, Liv Ullmann as Mrs. Alving, and Jane Murray as Regina.
A touring UK production, designed by Simon Higlett and inspired by Edvard Munch's original stage designs for a 1906 staging in Berlin, began performances at Kingston's Rose Theatre in the United Kingdom on 19 September 2013, prior to an official opening on 25 September.
Directed by Stephen Unwin, the cast included Patrick Drury as Pastor Manders, Florence Hall as Regina, Kelly Hunter as Mrs Alving, and Mark Quartley as Oswald.
An award-winning 2013–14 London production opened at the Almeida Theatre on 26 September 2013 and transferred to the West End at Trafalgar Studios on 9 December, running through 22 March 2014.
Manville and Lowden won Olivier Awards for their performances; Manville also won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Actress, and Lowden also won the Ian Charleson Award.
The production also won the Olivier Award for Best Revival, and received Olivier Award nominations for Best Director and Best Lighting Design.
A filmed February 2014 performance of the production screened in more than 275 UK and Irish cinemas on 26 June 2014.
The production was also adapted for radio by director Richard Eyre, broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 15 December 2013 and re-broadcast on 26 April 2015.
Ibsen's contemporaries found the play shocking and indecent, and disliked its more than frank treatment of the forbidden topic of venereal disease.
At the time, the mere mention of venereal disease was scandalous, and to show that a person who followed society's ideals of morality was at risk from her own husband was considered beyond the pale.
In 1987 it was televised on the BBC, directed Elijah Moshinsky and featuring Judi Dench as Mrs. Alving, Kenneth Branagh as Oswald, Michael Gambon as Pastor Manders, and Natasha Richardson as Regina.
In 2014 Richard Eyre's award-winning London stage adaptation starring Lesley Manville and Jack Lowden was filmed and screened at numerous cinemas, and is available to view online.
The Further Education and Training Awards Council () or FETAC is a former statutory awarding body for further education in Ireland; it was established on June 11, 2001 under the Qualifications (Education and Training) Act 1999.
FETAC was the successor to the National Council for Vocational Awards (NCVA) and also made awards previously made by Fáilte Ireland – National Tourism Development Authority (previously Bord Fáilte and CERT, the Council for Education, Recruitment and Training), FÁS – Training and Employment Authority, National Council for Educational Awards (Foundation Certificate only) and Teagasc – Agriculture and Food Development Authority.
FETAC does not deliver the education and training programmes itself; they are delivered by a number of bodies in both the public and private sector.
Examples of teaching bodies in the public sector are Bord Iascaigh Mhara, FÁS, Teagasc, Vocational Education Committees and Institutes of Technology.
Awards granted by FETAC are included in the ten-level National Framework of Qualifications established by the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland.
Rose was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1987 to two musicians: her father was session musician Kim Bullard, and her mother performed backing vocals.
Growing up, Rose recalls spending time in the recording studio, meeting Alanis Morissette, Weird Al Yankovic, the Goo Goo Dolls and Tori Amos.
Rose began creating musical works of her own at the age of 13, which gained the attention of several record labels.
In theatrical magic, misdirection is a form of deception in which the performer draws audience attention to one thing to distract it from another.
The term describes either the effect (the observer's focus on an unimportant object) or the sleight of hand or patter (the magician's speech) that creates it.
The other approach re-frames the audience's perception, distracting them into thinking that an extraneous factor has much to do with the accomplishment of the feat when it really has no bearing on the effect at all.
In World War II, British military intelligence employed stage magician Jasper Maskelyne to help devise various forms of misdirection such as ruses, deception, and camouflage.
Magicians who have researched and evolved misdirection techniques include Max Malini, John Ramsay, Tommy Wonder, Derren Brown, Juan Tamariz, Tony Slydini, and Dai Vernon.
Warren Steed Jeffs (born 3 December 1955) is the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church), a polygamous Mormon denomination.
In 2011, Jeffs was convicted of two felony counts of child sexual assault, for which he is currently serving a sentence of life plus twenty years.
In 2006, Jeffs was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List for his flight from the charges that he had arranged illegal marriages between his adult male followers and underage girls in Utah.
In September 2007, Jeffs was convicted of two counts of rape as an accomplice, for which he was sentenced to imprisonment for ten years to life in Utah State Prison.
Jeffs was extradited to Texas, where he was found guilty of sexual assault of a child (for sex with a 15-year-old he had married) and aggravated sexual assault against a child (for sex with a 12-year-old he had married), for which he was sentenced to life in prison plus twenty years and fined $10,000.
Rulon Jeffs became the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church) in 1986, and at his death, was survived by nineteen or twenty wives and approximately 60 children Former church members claim that Warren himself has 87 wives.
Warren grew up outside of Salt Lake City, Utah, and for more than twenty years served as the principal of Alta Academy, an FLDS private school at the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon.
The latter concerned being head of the organization of all adult male church members that were deemed worthy to hold the priesthood, a tradition carried on in the Latter Day Saint movement.
Within a week he had married all but two of his father's wives; one refused to marry Jeffs and was subsequently prohibited from ever marrying again, while the other, Rebecca Wall, fled the FLDS compound.
As the sole individual in the FLDS Church with the authority to perform marriages, Jeffs was responsible for assigning wives to husbands.
Until courts in Utah intervened, Jeffs controlled almost all of the land in Colorado City, Arizona, and Hildale, Utah, which was part of a church trust called the United Effort Plan (UEP).
As the result of a November 2012 court decision, much of the UEP land is to be sold to those who live on it.
In January 2004, Jeffs expelled a group of twenty men from the Short Creek Community, including the mayor, and reassigned their wives and children to other men in the community.
Jeffs, like his predecessors, continued the standard FLDS and Mormon fundamentalist tenet that faithful men must follow what is known as the doctrine of plural marriage in order to attain exaltation in the afterlife.
Jeffs specifically taught that a devoted church member is expected to have at least three wives in order to get into heaven, and the more wives a man has, the closer he is to heaven.
Before his 2006 arrest, Jeffs had last been seen on 1 January 2005, near Eldorado, Texas, at the dedication ceremony of the foundation of a large FLDS temple on the YFZ Ranch.
The ranch came into the public eye on 7 April 2008 when Texas authorities conducted a raid and took legal custody of 416 children, in response to a 31 March phone call alleging physical and sexual abuse on the ranch.
The caller claimed to be a 16-year-old girl married to a 50-year-old man who had, at age 15, given birth to his child.
Residents, however, told authorities that there was in fact no such girl, and the calls were ultimately traced to 33-year-old Rozita Swinton, totally unconnected to the FLDS Church, and known for repeated instances of filing false reports.
The women and children who were suspected of being minors were returned after Texas courts established that the state had not presented sufficient evidence of abuse to have removed them.
Jeffs presented a handwritten note to the judge at the end of trial on March 27 saying that he was not a prophet of the FLDS Church.
Other records show that while incarcerated, Jeffs tried to commit suicide by banging his head against the walls and trying to hang himself.
In July 2004, Jeffs' nephew, Brent Jeffs, filed a lawsuit alleging that Jeffs had anally raped him in the FLDS Church's Salt Lake Valley compound in the late 1980s.
Two of Jeffs' nephews, and two of Jeffs' own children, have also publicly claimed to have been sexually abused by him.
In June 2005, Jeffs was charged in Mohave County, Arizona, with sexual assault on a minor and with conspiracy to commit sexual misconduct with a minor for allegedly arranging, in April 2001, a marriage between a then-14-year-old girl and her 19-year-old first cousin, Allen.
In July 2005, the Arizona Attorney General's office distributed wanted posters offering $10,000 for information leading to Jeffs' arrest and conviction.
During a routine traffic stop in Pueblo County, Colorado, police found nearly $142,000 in cash, $7,000 worth of prepaid debit cards and personal records.
During Seth's court case, FBI Agent Andrew Stearns testified that Seth had told him that he did not know where his older brother was and that he would not reveal his whereabouts if he did.
On 5 April 2006, Utah issued an arrest warrant for Jeffs on felony charges of accomplice rape of a teenage girl between 14 and 18 years old.
Shortly after, on 6 May, the FBI placed Jeffs on its Top Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, offering a $60,000 reward.
On 28 August 2006, around 9 p.m. PDT, Jeffs was pulled over on Interstate 15 in Clark County, Nevada, by highway trooper Eddie Dutchover because the temporary license plates on his red 2007 Cadillac Escalade were not visible.
Jeffs possessed four computers, sixteen cell phones, disguises (including three wigs and twelve pairs of sunglasses), and more than $55,000 in cash.
In a Nevada court hearing on 31 August, Jeffs waived extradition and agreed to return to Utah to face two first-degree felony charges of accomplice rape.
He was held in the Washington County jail, pending an 23 April 2007 trial on two counts of rape, as an accomplice for his role in arranging the marriage between Elissa Wall and her first cousin.
Jeffs was believed to be leading his group from jail, and a Utah state board has expressed dissatisfaction in dealing with Hildale police, believing that many members of the force had ties to Jeffs, so therefore did not cooperate.
In May and July 2007, Jeffs was indicted in Arizona on eight counts, including sexual conduct with a minor and incest.
At the culmination of the trial, on 25 September, Jeffs was found guilty of two counts of being an accomplice to rape.
The court found that the trial judge should have told the jury that Jeffs could not be convicted unless he intended for Elissa's husband to engage in nonconsensual sex with her.
He had entered a not-guilty plea on 27 February 2008, to sex charges stemming from the arranged marriages of three teenage girls to older men.
On 9 June 2010, a state judge, at the request of Mohave County prosecutor Matt Smith, dismissed all charges with prejudice.
Smith said that the Arizona victims no longer wanted to testify, and that Jeffs had spent almost two years in jail awaiting trial — more than he would have received had he been convicted.
On 9 August 2011, Jeffs was convicted on two counts of sexual assault of a child and sentenced to life in prison.
On 9 July 2008 he was taken from the Mohave County, Arizona jail in Kingman, Arizona to a Las Vegas, Nevada hospital for what was described as a serious medical problem.
Sheriff Tom Sheahan did not specify Jeffs' medical problem but said it was serious enough to move him about 100 miles from the Kingman Regional Medical Center to the Nevada hospital.
On 29 August 2011, Jeffs was taken to East Texas Medical Center, Tyler, Texas, and hospitalized in critical condition under a medically induced coma after excessive fasting.
Jeffs allegedly suffered a mental breakdown in the summer of 2019, leaving him unfit to give a deposition in a sex abuse case against him.
In 2017, both the trust and Jeffs were sued by a woman alleging she was sexually abused by Jeffs when she was a child.
The court oversaw it for more than a decade before a judge handed it over to a board of community members composed mostly of former sect members.
Current FLDS members continue to consider Jeffs to be their leader, their prophet who speaks to God and has been wrongly convicted.
In December 2012, Jeffs predicted that the world would end before 2013 and called for his followers to prepare for the end.
Presidential elections are conducted in line with Article 12 of the Constitution and under the Presidential Elections Act 1993, as amended.
An election is ordinarily held not more than 60 days before the scheduled ending of the incumbent's seven-year term of office.
The dates during which candidates may be nominated and the date of the election are fixed by an order made by the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government.
All Irish citizens may vote in presidential elections if they have the right to vote in elections to Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas or parliament).
The Dáil electoral register is based on residency within a geographical Dáil constituency, so that those living abroad may not vote, except diplomats and military posted overseas.
A proposed constititional amendment giving nonresident citizens a vote in presidential elections is planned to be put to referendum in October 2019.
Elections are conducted by means of the instant-runoff voting, which is the single-winner analogue of the single transferable vote used in other Irish elections.
If a member of the Oireachtas or a County or City council nominate more than one candidate, only the first nomination paper received from them will be deemed valid.
The limit is €750,000 (was €1.3 million) and the amount a candidate can be reimbursed from the State is €200,000 (was €260,000).
A candidate who is elected or who receives in excess of one quarter of the quota can seek reimbursement of their expenses.
The value of donations that may be accepted by candidates, their election agents and third parties at a presidential election is governed by law.
In the case of candidates and presidential election agents, the maximum donation that may be accepted from a person (or a body) in a particular year cannot exceed €2,539.
Election dates in italics indicate dates which were set in the ministerial order, but where no election was held as only one candidate had been nominated.
Harriet Stratemeyer Adams (December 12, 1892 – March 27, 1982) was an American juvenile book packager, children's novelist, and publisher who was responsible for some 200 books over her literary career.
She wrote the plot outlines for many books in the Nancy Drew series, using characters invented by her father, Edward Stratemeyer.
Adams also oversaw other ghostwriters who wrote for these and many other series as a part of the Stratemeyer Syndicate, and rewrote many of the novels to update them starting in the late 1950s.
Edna ran the daily business operations, while Adams dealt with publishers and wrote; Edna became inactive when she married in 1942, and Adams took over the business.
Adams is credited with keeping the Syndicate afloat through the Great Depression, and with revising the two most popular series, Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys, in the 1950s and 1960s, removing stereotypes and streamlining plots and characters.
The extremely popular Nancy Drew books were the brainchild of Adams's father, who created the characters of a sixteen-year-old sleuth, her lawyer father, and their housekeeper.
Although Adams claimed to write all the Nancy Drew books entirely by herself during her lifetime, it is well established that Wirt and 28 other authors did the actual writing, following Adams's ideas and embellishing on them.
Harriet Stratemeyer was born in Newark, New Jersey, on December 12, 1892, the daughter of Edward Stratemeyer and Magdalena Van Camp.
In 1915, she married Russell Vroom Adams, and raised four children, becoming involved in the family business only after her father's death.
His height was 4 foot 6; he had crooked legs and an enormous nose that he would sometimes augment with a paper-mache version whenever anyone stared at his natural nose.
Despite his small stature, he deliberately rode the tallest horse available in Edinburgh, dismounting by a ladder to the cheers of onlookers.
He quarrelled with his son-in-law, Thomson Bonar, and refused to speak with him for the last ten years of his life.
In classical music, musical development is a process by which a musical idea is communicated in the course of a composition.
In this process, certain central ideas are repeated in different contexts or in altered form so that the mind of the listener consciously or unconsciously compares the various incarnations of these ideas.
This practice has its roots in counterpoint, where a theme or subject might create an impression of a pleasing or affective sort, but delight the mind further as its contrapuntal capabilities are gradually unveiled.
In bars 33-48, the two fragments combine and the development goes through a modulating sequence that touches on a succession of keys; The following outline demonstrates Beethoven’s strategic planning, which he applied on a larger scale in the development sections of some of his major works.
She has two sisters, director Antoinette Beumer and actress Marjolein Beumer, both of whom changed their surnames to simply Beumer after their parents divorced.
At the end of the film, she is killed by Wolverine (played by Hugh Jackman), who only does it because Jean asks him to, not wanting to hurt anyone when Phoenix is in control.
In the film, Wolverine went back in time and changed the course of the future, the result being that the events of the third movie, including the deaths of Jean Grey and Cyclops, never happened.
Janssen appeared with her dog, Licorice, a brindle Boston Terrier, in a 2007 PETA campaign to raise awareness for animal rights.
On 28 January 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime at a United Nations anticorruption conference held in Nusa Dua, Bali.
Brand's beliefs render him lonely, because those around him, when put to the test, generally cannot or will not follow his example.
He is a young idealist whose main purposeis to save the world, or at least people's souls, but his judgment of others are harsh and unfair.
He means that people have become too sloppy about their sins and shortcomings, because of the dogma that Christ, through his sacrifice, cleansed humanity once and for all.
Meanwhile, a mother comes from the other side of the fjord, telling of her husband who needs absolution, because he, in dire need, killed one of his children rather than seeing him starve.
Brand muses over the remaining children, and what this experience might do to them, when a couple of farmers show up and demand that he stay with them as their priest.
In the end of the second act, we meet Brand's mother, and learn that he grew up under the glacier, in a dreary place with no sun.
His mother robbed his father while he was on his deathbed, and as a consequence, Brand does not want her money, but she urges him to take it.
Meanwhile, his mother is dying, and Brand impresses on her that she will not get her priest unless she gives all her money to charity.
The local mayor is mostly opposed to Brand, but tells him that he has rising support in the parish and for his plans for a jail/labor facility.
He also tells him how his mother was forced to break bonds with her true love, and married an old miser instead.
Brand gets his new church built (in the 1860s, many old Norwegian churches were being rebuilt as new, larger places of worship).
Brand comes to believe that his new church is still too small, and rebels against the authorities, the local dean and the mayor.
Whereas Brand mourns the loss of his wife, Einar in the end thinks her death was righteous, because he regards her as a female seducer.
In the end, Brand protests the heavy plight lain upon him by his elders, and throws the key to the church into the river and makes for the mountain with the entire parish following him.
In the end, he states that they all shall be priests in the task of relieving all people in the country from mental thralldom.
They are lured down again by the mayor, who fakes news of great economical opportunity (a great amount of fish in the sea).
The spirit says that the fall of man forever closed the gates to Paradise, but Brand states that the road of longing is still open.
Gerd, being a hunter from the start of the play, fires a shot at the hawk, and lets loose a great avalanche, which in the end buries the entire valley.
A key to this interpretation is found in the name of Agnes, clearly derived from Agnus Dei, the lamb of God or the sacrificial lamb.
But when she chooses, Brand reminds her of the moral consequence of that choice - it is final, and there is no turning back.
One can also see a discussion in the play about what the Christian message really means, and what God's purpose with man really is.
His rebellion against the clergy, whom he feels are leading people astray rather than in the right direction, is also foreshadowed by Wergeland.
From the beginning, Brand wishes to make man whole, because he is aware that there has been a split, a sundering somewhere in the past, and he wishes to fight a fragmented view of man and God.
This fragmentation makes man weak, he states, and an easy prey to temptation - a result of the fall of man.
The definition of wholeness as a greater good and fragmentarism as a bad thing, is a philosophical statement, originally derived from Plato and Pythagoras.
Throughout the play, we see that Brand looks for the right way to solve this problem, and makes new discoveries as he moves forward.
In this view, the collapse at the very end is a collapse of Brand's conflicting self, and the disaster opens a closed road for him.
Kierkegaard gave an essential place in his philosophy to the opposition between faith and reason, the importance of making decisive choices and suffering in the name of God, and whose life ended during an official attack he led against the church of his country (which he thought perverted the original Christian message, making it an empty religion).
In recent years, the character of Brand has been fairly misunderstood, and he is often regarded as an unsympathetic, fundamentalistic and conservative man.
While Ibsen states an open ending, as he does in most cases, modern instructors often condemn Brand where Ibsen does not.
One could interpret this change in judgment of the character as a consequence of postmodernism and the acknowledgement of a fragmented soul.
The answer to that question can only come through examination of Ibsen's text; however the most important questions that Ibsen is raising require that the reader not only study the text, but also engage in self-reflection.
The Stanley Cup winners were the New Jersey Devils, who won the best of seven series 4–3 against the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
The San Jose Sharks, who many felt would be one of the elite teams in the West, stumbled early and badly disassembled much of the team.
The two-year-old Minnesota Wild, on the other hand, got out to an early start and held onto their first-ever playoff berth throughout the season, winning coach Jacques Lemaire the Jack Adams Award.
The elite teams of previous years such as the Detroit Red Wings, St. Louis Blues, Colorado Avalanche and New Jersey Devils, were joined by two younger Canadian teams, the Ottawa Senators and Vancouver Canucks.
The Dallas Stars, which had missed the playoffs the year before, returned as a major power, backed by the record-setting goaltending of Marty Turco.
The most surprising team was probably the Tampa Bay Lightning, which many had predicted to finish last, winning their first Southeast Division title and making the playoffs for the first time in seven years.
The most disappointing teams, other than the Sharks, were the New York Rangers, who finished out of the playoffs again despite bearing the league's leading payroll, and the Carolina Hurricanes, who finished last overall after a surprise run to the Stanley Cup Final the year before.
On January 8, 2003, Chicago Blackhawks goaltender Michael Leighton gained a shutout in his NHL debut in a 0–0 tie versus the Phoenix Coyotes.
It was the first—and with the abolition of ties two years later, the only—time that two goalies in the same game both earned their first career shutouts.
Ottawa continued to dominate, having the best season in franchise history and winning both the Eastern Conference and the Presidents' Trophy.
Despite their success, the Ottawa Senators were in bankruptcy protection for almost all of 2003, and at one point could not pay the players.
Owner Rod Bryden tried a variety of innovative financing strategies, but these all failed and the team was purchased after the season by billionaire Eugene Melnyk.
The season was marked by a great number of coaches being fired, from Bob Hartley in Colorado to Darryl Sutter in San Jose and Bryan Trottier of the New York Rangers.
The season began with an attempted crack down on obstruction and interference, but by the midpoint of the season this effort had petered out.
The 2003 Stanley Cup playoffs was one of shocking upsets in the Western Conference and hard fought battles in the Eastern Conference.
The defending champions and perennial cup favourite Detroit Red Wings were swept by the underdog Mighty Ducks of Anaheim behind the goaltending of Jean-Sebastien Giguere.
After losing three out of the first four games, the Minnesota Wild came back and defeated the powerhouse Colorado Avalanche in game seven.
Vancouver also lost three of its first four games with the St. Louis Blues, but then rallied and won game seven.
The only round that surprised no one was round seven of the Dallas Stars–Edmonton Oilers grudge match that saw the first place Stars oust the Oilers with only some difficulty.
The Western Conference final was a meeting of two dark horse teams, but the superb goaltending of Giguère and the Ducks triumphed over the tight checking of the Minnesota Wild.
This was the first time since 1994 that a team other than Detroit, Colorado, or Dallas had won the Western conference and earned a trip to the Stanley Cup Final.
These playoffs also signaled an end to the dominance of the afore mentioned three teams and shift the balance of power in the Western conference towards teams like Anaheim and San Jose.
Of Detroit, Colorado, and Dallas only Detroit has returned to the Stanley Cup Final since, winning the Stanley Cup in 2008 and losing the Final to Pittsburgh in 2009.
The east was far more predictable as Tampa Bay's youth showed when playing the grizzled veterans of the New Jersey Devils and the Ottawa Senators dispatched a tired Flyers team for the second year in a row.
The Devils came out to an early lead in the series, Ottawa rallied, winning games five and six on the energizing play of rookie Jason Spezza, but then the Devils regained their form as goaltender Martin Brodeur helped them win game seven and advance to the Stanley Cup Final for the third time in four years.
The Stanley Cup Final was a duel between two elite goaltenders, but after seven games the Devils triumphed to win their third Cup in nine seasons.
The series also saw Scott Stevens land one of his prototypical crushing hits on Anaheim captain Paul Kariya in Game 6, similar to the one that had knocked out Eric Lindros, then of the Flyers in the 2000 Playoffs.
Unlike Lindros, Kariya dramatically returned to the game only ten minutes later and scored a goal that effectively put the game away for the Mighty Ducks.
The Cannonball Run is a 1981 American comedy film starring Burt Reynolds, Roger Moore, Dom DeLuise, Farrah Fawcett, and an all-star supporting cast.
Filmed in Panavision, it was directed by Hal Needham, produced by Hong Kong's Golden Harvest films, and distributed by 20th Century Fox.
The film is based on the 1979 running of an actual cross-country outlaw road race beginning in Connecticut and ending in California.
One at a time, teams drive up to the starters' stand, punch a time card to indicate their time of departure, then take off.
Beyond the starting line, JJ and Victor (driving their ambulance) come across Foyt and Glover, who have been involved in a minor fender-bender.
Glover implores JJ and Victor to help, but when they tell Foyt to enter the ambulance through the back door, they kidnap Glover and take off without Foyt.
Various teams are shown either evading law enforcement, most of which deal with talking their way out of a possible ticket, or concocting crazy schemes to outmaneuver their opponents.
In Ohio, Fenderbaum and Blake are able to convince Victor to pull over the ambulance in order to bless the patient on board.
JJ gets his revenge in Missouri by convincing a nearby police officer that the two men dressed as priests are actually Communists and sex perverts who are responsible for the flashing victim in the ambulance.
The Subaru team also joins in (Naturally, Jackie Chan puts his martial arts skills to work) and fists and kicks fly.
The construction crew announces that the road is open, so the teams sprint back to their cars to resume the race.
The vehicles all arrive at the final destination at the same time, so it is a foot race to the finish line.
JJ hands his team's time card to Victor, then ambushes the remaining racers, leaving only Victor and one of the Lamborghini women, Marcie.
Victor, still in his Captain Chaos persona, rushes to save the baby (later revealed to be her dog), allowing Marcie to clock in first and win the race.
JJ is furious and never wants to see Captain Chaos again, but Victor replies that he does not care, becoming the persona he really wants to be, Captain USA.
Seymour offers a cigar and tells Foyt to use the lighter in his car, which activates an ejection seat when pushed.
The film is based on the 1979 running of the Cannonball Baker Sea-To-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash, an actual cross-country outlaw road race held four times in the 1970s, starting at the Red Ball Garage on 31st Street in New York City (later the Lock, Stock and Barrel Restaurant in Darien, Connecticut) and ending at the Portofino Inn in Redondo Beach, California, in Los Angeles.
In the March 1979 race Yates formed one of 46 teams with director Hal Needham to compete with a 150-MPH van converted into an ambulance, with LA doctor Lyell Royer, and Brock's second wife, Pamela Reynolds, riding as the patient on the gurney.
Although the ambulance never made it to the finish line — the transmission gave out 50 miles short of the Redondo Beach finish line — Yates made it to the movie as a race official and Needham as an EMT, as did the ambulance itself and even the transmission failure.
The ambulance was stopped once, in Pennsylvania; that event made it into the movie, as did a cop stopping traffic in Kansas, exiting from a rodeo, to let the ambulance pass unimpeded.
The Right Bra team was put together by rail-thin auto writer Judy Stropus, race driver Donna Mae Mims and Peggy Niemcek, whose husband was part of another entry, driving a Cadillac limo.
that Stropus's version of the race does not mention the baptism with green fluid from the porta-potty the three girls experienced when the limo overturned.
In an attempt to appear legitimate to law enforcement, the team of J.J. and Victor hires Doctor Nikolas Van Helsing, a frightening, yet friendly, physician of questionable skill played by Jack Elam.
He was eventually persuaded by Needham's promise to keep the actor's schedule to only 14 days of filming, and a fee of $5 million plus a percentage of the profits.
On June 25, 1980 24-year-old German American stuntwoman Heidi von Beltz (1955–2015), a former championship skier and aspiring actor, was critically injured in a car crash during production of the film.
The car was to be driven by Jimmy Nickerson, weaving between oncoming vehicles while von Beltz rode in the passenger seat operating a smoke machine to give the impression the car was on fire.
The Aston Martin car was beset with mechanical problems, including defective steering, clutch, and speedometer; it had bald tires, and no seat belts.
When it became clear that von Beltz's personal injury lawsuit would exceed all available primary insurance coverage, the production's excess insurer, Interstate Fire (a subsidiary of Hollywood's favorite insurer, Fireman's Fund Insurance Company) sued von Beltz and her employer, Stuntman Inc., for a declaratory judgment that von Beltz's lawsuit was not covered under its policy.
On June 4, 2018, it was announced that Doug Liman was in early talks to direct the film from a script by Thomas Lennon and Robert Ben Garant.
Baron Abercromby, of Aboukir and of Tullibody in the County of Clackmannan, was a title in the peerage of the United Kingdom.
It was created on 28 May 1801 for Mary, Lady Abercromby, in honour of her husband, the noted military commander Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby, who died from wounds received in the Battle of Aboukir in 1801.
The latter was the grandson of Alexander Abercromby, member of the Scottish Parliament for Clackmannanshire from 1703 to 1707, younger son of Sir Alexander Abercromby, 1st Baronet, of Birkenbog (see Abercromby baronets).
James Abercromby, third son of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Baroness Abercromby, served as speaker of the House of Commons from 1835 to 1839 and was created Baron Dunfermline in 1839.
Ambassador Kosh informs Delenn that the Vorlons will be bringing an Inquisitor to the station to test her ability to lead in the fight against the Shadows.
She explains the situation to Sheridan, who finds it odd but agrees to arrange an isolated section of the station for this test and to make sure the Inquisitor is met without incident.
When Delenn arrives, Sebastian gives her a set of wristbands which can inflict pain on her, but she has the option of removing them at any time.
Feeling neither of them are worthy, Sebastian suggests finishing one of them off, but both of them beg Sebastian to take them instead.
Sebastian concludes his test, revealing both of them have passed: they were willing to sacrifice themselves not for fame or glory, but for the life of a loved one in an isolated area that no one would ever hear of.
As Sebastian prepares to leave, Sheridan reveals he has researched his background and concluded he really is Jack the Ripper, taken by the Vorlons from Earth in 1888.
Sebastian affirms Sheridan's theory, noting that he, too, had thought he was chosen for a holy cause, which led the Vorlons to identify him as ideally suited to be an Inquisitor in the future.
Meanwhile, Ambassador G'Kar seeks ways to smuggle weapons onto the Narn homeworld to fight the Centuari, a costly endeavor according to his arms dealer.
G'Kar tries to convince the other Narn on the station to help with the cost of the weapons but they question if the effort would be of any value and wonder if G'Kar is fit to lead them.
G'Kar makes a deal that he will get communication with one of the Narn families within the day or otherwise give up his leadership position.
After the original airing, the line was dubbed over to correct this error, and the dubbed version can be found on the DVD release.
Actor Wayne Alexander (who was raised in the San Joaquin Valley, California) spoke with such a convincing English accent that many UK viewers believed he was an Englishman.
The Enid are a British progressive rock band founded in 1973 by the keyboardist Robert John Godfrey, previously known for his work with Barclay James Harvest.
He revealed in 2014 that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease but in 2018 announced that he was much recovered and suspected that the original diagnosis was flawed.
The release was a concept album dealing with the threat of nuclear warfare and the various ways in which people respond to it.
In June 2013, it was revealed that the band's sole-remaining founding member Robert John Godfrey had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease, and that as a result he will retire from the band in the near future.
Keyboardist William Gilmour founded a new band, Craft, after leaving The Enid, along with Grant McKay Gilmour and Martin Russell of Afro Celt Sound System.
In March 2016 Godfrey revealed that he would be retiring from touring, with keyboardist Zach Bullock and vocalist Joe Payne covering all aspects of Godfrey's performance; with the line-up for the following tour consisting of Bullock, Payne, guitarists Jason Ducker and Max Read, drummer Dave Storey, and new bassist Josh Judd.
On 5 September 2016 it was announced that Payne had departed the band after five years as frontman; and three days later it was revealed that guitarist Read and Storey had also decided to leave The Enid, and that the band now consisted of Bullock, Ducker, and returning drummer Dominic Tofield.
In the 2001 the band formed a marketing agreement with Inner Sanctum that saw most of the band's back-catalogue being reissued on that label.
In March 2006 Godfrey announced on the band's website that he would be making its entire back catalogue available for free download as high-quality mp3s.
The Enid represents my life's work and I want it and what it contains to live on in those who warm to it.
Once used to describe only women of a high social class or status, the female equivalent of lord, now it may refer to any adult woman.
The term is also used in titles such as First Lady and Lady Mayoress, the wives of elected or appointed officials.
It is thus a less formal alternative to the full title giving the specific rank, of marchioness, countess, viscountess or baroness, whether as the title of the husband's rank by right or courtesy, or as the lady's title in her own right.
Margaret Thatcher was informally referred to in the same way by many of her political colleagues when Prime Minister of Great Britain.
In Nigeria, the Yoruba aristocrats Kofoworola, Lady Ademola and Oyinkansola, Lady Abayomi made use of the title due to their being the wives of British knights.
The Lord of Abernethy was from the 12th century to the 14th century the hereditary holder of the church and lands of the Scottish monastery at Abernethy.
It gradually evolved alongside the title Abbot of Abernethy, displacing that term in extant sources by the end of the 13th century.
Following the failure of the main MacDuff line, and after the execution of the Stewart Murdoch, Earl of Fife in 1425, the privilege fell back to the second line of MacDuffs, those of Abernethy.
This continuity has survived to the current era, most notably at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, when the then Lord Abernethy and Angus, Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton bore and presented the Crown of Scotland to the Queen at St. Giles' Cathedral.
Following the death of Alexander Abernethy, the title passed to his daughter Margaret who married John Stewart of Bonkyll, who assumed the title, as well as being granted the forfeited Earldom of Angus.
His granddaughter Margaret Stewart, 4th Countess of Angus and Lady of Abernethy, had an illegitimate son by William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas.
In a charter of 1389, Lady Angus transferred the titles of Earl of Angus and the Lordships of Abernethy and Bonkyll to her child.
Berlin describes hedgehogs as those who use a single idea or organizing principle to view the world (such as Dante Alighieri, Blaise Pascal, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Plato, Henrik Ibsen and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel).
Foxes, on the other hand, incorporate a type of pluralism and view the world through multiple, sometimes conflicting, lenses (examples include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, James Joyce, William Shakespeare, Aristotle, Herodotus, Molière, and Honoré de Balzac).
One set of scholars has applied the notion of conceptual framework to deductive, empirical research at the micro- or individual study level.
Likewise, conceptual frameworks are abstract representations, connected to the research project's goal that direct the collection and analysis of data (on the plane of observation – the ground).
Formal hypotheses posit possible explanations (answers to the why question) that are tested by collecting data and assessing the evidence (usually quantitative using statistical tests).
These factors (environment, population and building characteristics) became the hypotheses or conceptual framework he used to achieve his purpose – explain factors that influenced home fires in U.S. cities.
Rather, the conceptual framework-research purpose pairings they propose are useful and provide new scholars a point of departure to develop their own research design.
He lost much of his political power after his support for a failed marriage alliance between Prince Charles and the Spanish House of Habsburg royal family.
Rather than continue in politics, he resigned all of his political offices in 1625 except for his position on the Privy Council and declared his Catholicism publicly.
Calvert took an interest in the British colonisation of the Americas, at first for commercial reasons and later to create a refuge for persecuted English Catholics.
He became the proprietor of Avalon, the first sustained English settlement on the southeastern peninsula on the island of Newfoundland (off the eastern coast of modern Canada).
Discouraged by its cold and sometimes inhospitable climate and the sufferings of the settlers, he looked for a more suitable spot further south and sought a new royal charter to settle the region, which would become the state of Maryland.
Calvert died five weeks before the new Charter was sealed, leaving the settlement of the Maryland colony to his son Cecil (1605–1675).
At George Calvert's knighting, it was claimed that his family originally came from Flanders (a Dutch-speaking area today across the English Channel in modern Belgium).
The Acts of Supremacy and the Uniformity Act of 1559 also included an oath of allegiance to the Queen and an implicit denial of the Pope's (then Pope Paul IV) authority over the English Church.
This oath was required of any subject who wished to hold high office, attend university, or take advantage of opportunities controlled by the state (king/kingdom).
From the year of George's birth onward, his father, Leonard Calvert, was subjected to repeated harassment by the Yorkshire authorities, who in 1580 extracted a promise of conformity from him, compelling his attendance at the Church of England services.
George Calvert went up to Trinity College at Oxford University, matriculating in 1593/94, where he studied foreign languages and received a bachelor's degree in 1597.
As the oath of allegiance was compulsory after the age of sixteen, he would almost certainly have pledged conformity while at Oxford.
In November 1604 he married Anne Mynne (or Mayne) in a Protestant, Church of England ceremony at St Peter's, Cornhill, Middlesex, where his address was registered as St Martin in the Fields.
His children, including his eldest son and heir Cecil, who was born in the winter of 1605–06, were all baptised in the Church of England.
Calvert had a total of thirteen children: Cecil, who succeeded his father as the 2nd Baron Baltimore, Leonard, Anne, Mary, Dorothy, Elizabeth, Grace, Francis, George, Helen, Henry, John, and Philip.
His 8th great-grandson is Stephen Chase Hale who resides in Ohio and his 9th great-granddaughter is Ashley Ann (Hale) Moran who also resides in Ohio.
King James rewarded Robert Cecil, whom he made a Privy Councillor and secretary of state, with the granting of the title of Earl of Salisbury in 1605 and Lord High Treasurer in 1608, making him the most powerful man at the royal court.
Calvert's foreign languages, legal training, and discretion made him an invaluable aide to Robert Cecil who, no lover of Catholics, seems to have accepted Calvert's conformity as beyond question.
In August 1605, he attended the King at Oxford, and received an honorary master-of-arts degree in an elaborate ceremony at which the Duke of Lennox (Ludovic Stewart), the earls of Oxford and Northumberland, and Cecilius received degrees.
Given the prestige of the other graduates, Calvert's was the last awarded, but his presence in such company signalled his growing stature.
Calvert also served in James's First Parliament as a member for the borough of Bossiney, in the county of Cornwall, installed there by Cecil to support his policies.
In 1610 and 1611, Calvert undertook missions to the continent on behalf of the King, visiting a number of embassies in Paris, Holland, and the Duchy of Cleves, and acting as an ambassador to the French Royal Court during the coronation of King Louis XIII (1601–1643) in 1610.
In 1615, James sent him to the continental Electorate of the Palatinate (German) in the Holy Roman Empire, whose impoverished elector, Frederick V, Elector Palatine (1596–1632), had married James's daughter Elizabeth of Bohemia (1596–1662) in 1613.
Calvert had to convey the King's disapproval that Elizabeth, for lack of money, had given away expensive jewels to a gentlewoman leaving her employ.
Elector Frederick's decision in 1619 to accept the throne of Bohemia triggered a war with the powerful neighbouring Habsburg dynasty of Austria to the southwest in Vienna, which James attempted to end through a proposed alliance with the Kingdom of Spain.
The king's favourite, Sir Robert Carr, first Earl of Somerset (1587–1645), Viscount Rochester, assumed the duties of secretary of state and recruited Calvert to assist with foreign policy, in particular the Latin and Spanish correspondence.
Carr, soon raised to the earldom of Somerset, was not a success in the job, and fell from favour partly as a result of the murder of Thomas Overbury (1581–1613), to which Carr's wife Frances, the former Countess of Essex and later Somerset (1590–1632), pleaded guilty in 1615.
Carr's place as James's principal favourite was now taken by the handsome George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592–1628), with whom James was said to have been infatuated.
In 1613 the King commissioned Calvert to investigate Roman Catholic grievances in Ireland, along with Sir Humphrey Wynch (1555–1625), Sir Charles Cornwallis (XXX?-1629) and Sir Roger Wilbraham (1553–1616).
The commission spent almost four months in Ireland, and its final report, partly drafted by Calvert, concluded that religious conformity should be enforced more strictly in Ireland, Catholic schools be suppressed, and bad priests removed and punished.
In 1616 James endowed Calvert with the manor of Danby Wiske in Yorkshire, which brought him into contact with Sir Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1593–1641), who became his closest friend and political ally.
In 1619, Calvert completed his rise to power when James appointed him as one of the two principal secretaries of state.
Assuming he owed his promotion to the king's increasingly powerful favourite George Villiers (1592–1628) (later first Duke of Buckingham), he sent him a great jewel as a token of thanks.
In Parliament, a political crisis developed over the king's policy of seeking a Spanish wife for Charles, Prince of Wales, as part of a proposed alliance with the Habsburgs.
In the parliament of 1621, it fell to Calvert to advocate the Spanish Match, as it came to be called, against the majority of Parliament, who feared an increase in Catholic influence on the state.
As a result of his pro-Spanish stance and defence of relaxations in the penal laws against Catholics, Calvert became estranged from many in the Commons, who were suspicious of his close familiarity with the Spanish ambassador's court.
Calvert also faced difficulties in his private life: his wife's death on 8 August 1622 left him the single father of ten children, the oldest of whom, Cecil, was sixteen years old.
Calvert was increasingly isolated from court circles as the Prince of Wales, (heir to the throne) and George Villiers wrested control of policy from the ageing James.
Without consulting the diplomatically astute Calvert, the prince and the duke travelled to Spain to negotiate the Spanish marriage for themselves, with disastrous results.
In a reversal of policy, Buckingham dismissed the treaties with Spain, summoned a war council, and sought a French marriage for the Prince of Wales.
As the chief parliamentary spokesman for an abandoned policy, Calvert no longer served a useful purpose to the English Royal Court, and by February 1624 his duties had been restricted to placating the Spanish ambassador.
On the pretext of ill health, he began negotiations for the sale of his position, finally resigning the secretariat in February 1625.
No disgrace was attached to Calvert's departure from office: the King, to whom he had always remained personally loyal, confirmed his place on the Privy Council and appointed him Baron Baltimore, in County Longford in Leinster in central Ireland.
George Cottington, a former employee of Calvert, suggested in 1628 that Calvert's conversion had been in progress a long time before it was made public.
Calvert, who had probably met Stock at the Spanish embassy in London, later worked with the priest on a plan for a Catholic mission in his new first Newfoundland Colony (off modern Canada).
When King James I died in March 1625, his successor Charles I maintained Calvert's barony but not his previous place on the Privy Council.
After Buckingham's dabblings in wars against Spain and France had ended in failure, he recalled Baltimore to court, and for a while may have considered employing him in the peace negotiations with Spain.
Calvert had long maintained an interest in the exploration and settlement of the New World, beginning with his investment of twenty-five pounds in the second Virginia Company in 1609, and a few months later a more substantial sum in the East India Company, which he increased in 1614.
In 1620, Calvert purchased a tract of land in Newfoundland from Sir William Vaughan (1575–1641), a Welsh writer and colonial investor, who had earlier failed to establish a colony on the large subarctic island off the eastern coast of North America.
He named the area of the peninsula as Avalon, after the legendary spot where Christianity was supposedly introduced to Roman Britain in ancient times.
Calvert dispatched Captain Edward Wynne and a group of Welsh colonists to Ferryland, where they landed in August 1621, and set about constructing a settlement.
Wynne sent positive reports concerning the potential for local fisheries and for the production of salt, hemp, flax, tar, iron, timber and hops.
Wynne and his men began work on various building projects, including a substantial house and the shoring up of the harbour.
To protect them against marauding French warships, a recent hazard in the area, since the recent founding of New France in the interior (modern Lower Canada of the 18th and 19th centuries, Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada) along the St. Lawrence River, Calvert employed the pirate John Nutt.
The settlement appeared to be progressing so well that in January 1623, Calvert obtained a concession from King James for the whole of Newfoundland, though the grant was soon reduced to cover only the southeastern Avalon peninsula, owing to competing claims from other English colonists.
His plans were disrupted by the death of King James I, and by the crackdown on Catholics with which King Charles I began his reign to appease his opponents.
The new King required all privy councillors to take the oaths of supremacy and allegiance; and since Baltimore, as a Catholic, had to refuse, he was obliged to step down from that cherished office.
Given the new religious and political climate, and perhaps also to escape a serious outbreak of plague in England, Baltimore moved to his estates in Ireland.
His expedition to Newfoundland had set sail without him in late May 1625 under Sir Arthur Aston, who became the new provincial Governor of Avalon.
From the time of his conversion in 1625 onwards, Baltimore took care to cater for the religious needs of his colonists, both Catholic and Protestant.
He had asked Simon Stock to provide priests for the 1625 expedition, but Stock's recruits arrived in England after Aston had sailed.
Stock's own ambitions for the colony appear to have exceeded Baltimore's: in letters to De Propaganda Fide in Rome, Stock claimed the Newfoundland settlement could act as a springboard for the conversion of natives not only in the New World but also in China, the latter via a passage he believed existed from the east coast to the Pacific Ocean.
Aston's return to England in late 1626, along with all the Catholic settlers, failed to deter Baltimore, who finally sailed for Newfoundland in 1627, arriving on 23 July and staying only two months before returning to England.
He had taken both Protestant and Catholic settlers with him, as well as two secular priests, Thomas Longville and Anthony Pole (also known as Smith), the latter remaining behind in the colony when Baltimore departed for England.
The land Baltimore had seen was by no means the paradise described by some early settlers, being only marginally productive; as the summer climate was deceptively mild, his brief visit gave Baltimore no reason to alter his plans for the colony.
In 1628 he sailed again for Newfoundland, this time with his second wife Jane, most of his children, and 40 more settlers, to officially take over as Proprietary Governor of Avalon.
He and his family moved into the house at Ferryland built by Wynne, a sizeable structure for the time, by colonial standards, and the only one in the settlement large enough to accommodate religious services for the community.
His settlers were so successful against the French that they captured several ships, which they escorted back to England to help with the war effort.
Baltimore was granted the loan of one of the ships to aid in his defence of the colony, as well as a share of the prize money.
Adopting a policy of free religious worship in the colony, Baltimore allowed the Catholics to worship in one part of his house and the Protestants in another.
The final blow to his hopes was dealt by the Newfoundland winter of 1628–9, which did not release its grip until May.
Nine or ten of Baltimore's company died that winter, and with half the settlers ill at one time, his house had to be turned into a hospital.
In late September or October 1629, Baltimore arrived in Jamestown, where the Virginians, who suspected him of designs on some of their territory and vehemently opposed Catholicism, gave him a cool welcome.
After no more than a few weeks in the colony, Baltimore left for England to pursue the new charter, leaving his wife and servants behind.
In early 1630 he procured a ship to fetch them, but it foundered off the Irish coast, and his wife was drowned.
The Virginians, led by William Claiborne, who sailed to England to make the case, campaigned aggressively against separate colonising of the Chesapeake, claiming they possessed the rights to that area.
Baltimore was short of capital, having exhausted his fortune, and was sometimes forced to depend on the assistance of his friends.
The king first granted him a location south of Jamestown, but Baltimore asked the king to reconsider in response to opposition from other investors interested in settling the new land of Carolina into a sugar plantation.
Baltimore eventually compromised by accepting redrawn boundaries to the north of the Potomac River, on either side of the Chesapeake Bay.
The charter was about to pass when the fifty-two-year-old Baltimore died in his lodgings at Lincoln's Inn Fields, on 15 April 1632.
In his will, written the day before he died, Baltimore beseeched his friends Wentworth and Cottington to act as guardians and supervisors to his first son Cecil, who inherited the title of Lord Baltimore and the imminent grant of Maryland.
Avalon, which remained a prime spot for the salting and export of fish, was expropriated by Sir David Kirke, with a new royal charter which Cecil Calvert vigorously challenged, and it was finally absorbed into Newfoundland in 1754.
Although Baltimore's failed Avalon venture marked the end of an early era of attempts at proprietary colonisation, it laid the foundation upon which permanent settlements developed in that region of Newfoundland.
Maryland became a prime tobacco exporting colony in the mid-Atlantic and, for a time, a refuge for Catholic settlers, as George Calvert had hoped.
Under the rule of the Lords Baltimore, thousands of British Catholics emigrated to Maryland, establishing some of the oldest Catholic communities in what later became the United States.
One hundred and forty years after its first settlement, Maryland joined twelve other British colonies along the Atlantic coast in declaring their independence from British rule and the right to freedom of religion for all citizens in the new United States.
Similarly, the phrase the Protomartyr (with no other qualification of country or region) can mean Saint Stephen, the first martyr of the Christian church or Saint Thecla, the first female martyr of the Christian church.
Alpha-2-macroglobulin may act as a carrier protein because it also binds to numerous growth factors and cytokines, such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, TGF-β, insulin, and IL-1β.
The concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin rises 10-fold or more in the nephrotic syndrome when other lower molecular weight proteins are lost in the urine.
The net result is that alpha-2-macroglobulin reaches serum levels equal to or greater than those of albumin in the nephrotic syndrome, which has the effect of maintaining oncotic pressure.
Each monomer of human alpha-2-macroglobulin is composed of several functional domains, including macroglobulin domains, a thiol ester-containing domain and a receptor-binding domain.
The amino acid sequence of alpha-2-macroglobulin has been shown to be 71% the same as that of the Pregnancy zone protein.
The alpha-macroglobulin (aM) family of proteins includes protease inhibitors, typified by the human tetrameric alpha-2-macroglobulin (a2M); they belong to the MEROPS proteinase inhibitor family I39, clan IL.
These protease inhibitors share several defining properties, which include (i) the ability to inhibit proteases from all catalytic classes, (ii) the presence of a 'bait region' (aka.
a sequence of amino acids in an α2-macroglobulin molecule, or a homologous protein, that contains scissile peptide bonds for those proteinases that it inhibits) and a thiol ester, (iii) a similar protease inhibitory mechanism and (iv) the inactivation of the inhibitory capacity by reaction of the thiol ester with small primary amines.
The mechanism involves protease cleavage of the bait region, a segment of the aM that is particularly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, which initiates a conformational change such that the aM collapses about the protease.
In the resulting aM-protease complex, the active site of the protease is sterically shielded, thus substantially decreasing access to protein substrates.
Two additional events occur as a consequence of bait region cleavage, namely (i) the h-cysteinyl-g-glutamyl thiol ester becomes highly reactive and (ii) a major conformational change exposes a conserved COOH-terminal receptor binding domain (RBD).
alpha-2-Macroglobulin is known to bind zinc, as well as copper in plasma, even more strongly than albumin, and such it is also known as transcuprein.
alpha-2-Macroglobulin levels are increased when the serum albumin levels are low, which is most commonly seen in nephrotic syndrome, a condition wherein the kidneys start to leak out some of the smaller blood proteins.
alpha-2-Macroglobulin binds to and removes the active forms of the gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) from the circulation via scavenger receptors on the phagocytes.
The Paper, Allied-Industrial, Chemical and Energy Workers International Union (PACE) was an international union that represented workers in the United States and Canada.
PACE was founded on January 4, 1999 by the merger of the United Paperworkers International Union with the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union.
Like all labor unions, PACE fought for rights, wage raises, and improvement of working conditions for workers in such fields as: the paper industry, the oil industry, chemicals, nuclear materials, pharmaceuticals, automobile parts, motorcycles, tissues, toys, cement, corn sugar, etc.
The new union, with 860,000 active members in the United States and Canada, is the largest industrial labor union in North America.
It was created on 20 April 1632 for George Gordon, Earl of Enzie, eldest son of George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, with remainder that the title should pass to his second son the Hon.
On Lord Huntly's succession to the marquessate in 1636 the viscountcy passed according to the special remainder to his second son, the second Viscount.
Capitol Hill, in addition to being a metonym for the United States Congress, is the largest historic residential neighborhood in Washington, D.C., stretching easterly in front of the United States Capitol along wide avenues.
It is one of the oldest residential neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., and with roughly 35,000 people in just under , it is also one of the most densely populated.
The Capitol building has been the home of the Congress of the United States and the workplace of many residents of the Capitol Hill neighborhood since 1800.
To the east of Capitol Hill lies the Anacostia River, to the north is the H Street corridor, to the south are the Southeast/Southwest Freeway and the Washington Navy Yard, and to the west are the National Mall and the city's central business district.
The Capitol building is surrounded by the Capitol Hill Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
The Capitol Hill Historic District was expanded in 2015 to the north to include the blocks bordered by 2nd Street, F Street, 4th Street, and just south of H Street, NE, collectively known as the Swampoodle Addition.
While a man named Thomas Jenkins had once pastured some livestock at the site of the Capitol (and thus his name was associated with the site), artist John Trumbull, who would paint several murals inside the Capitol's rotunda, reported in 1791 that the site was covered with a thick wood, making it an unlikely place for livestock to graze.
Research published in 2004 by the Capitol Hill Historical Society showed that Jenkins' land was just seven blocks east of the site of the Capitol and that L'Enfant was likely to have given Jenkins' name to the general location.
While serving in 1793 as President George Washington's Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson named Capitol Hill, invoking the famous Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.
The neighborhood that is now called Capitol Hill started to develop when the government began work at two locations, the Capitol and the Washington Navy Yard.
In 1799, the Washington Navy Yard was established on the banks of the Anacostia River, providing jobs to craftsmen who built and repaired ships.
Many of the craftsmen who were employed both at the Navy Yard and in the construction of the Capitol chose to live within walking distance, to the east of the Capitol and the north of the Navy Yard.
In 1801, Thomas Jefferson, who was at the time President of the United States, selected the location of the Marine Barracks, which had to be within marching distance of both the Capitol and the White House, near the Washington Navy Yard.
Electricity, piped water, and plumbing were introduced in the 1890s, and were first available in the downtown areas of the District of Columbia, including Capitol Hill.
There was a real estate development boom between 1890 and 1910 as the Capitol Hill area became one of the first neighborhoods having these modern conveniences.
The boundaries of the historic district are irregular, extending southward from F Street NE, as far east as 14th Street, as far west as South Capitol Street, and with a southern limit marked chiefly by Virginia Avenue but including some territory as far south as M Street SE.
Capitol Hill's landmarks include not only the United States Capitol, but also the Senate and House office buildings, the Supreme Court building, the Library of Congress, the Marine Barracks, the Washington Navy Yard, and Congressional Cemetery.
Side by side exist early 19th century manor houses, Federal townhouses, small frame dwellings, ornate Italianate bracketed houses, and the late 19th century press brick rowhouses with their often whimsical decorative elements combining Richardsonian Romanesque, Queen Anne, and Eastlakian motifs.
In the 1990s, gentrification and the booming economy of the District of Columbia meant that the neighborhood's non-historic and obsolete buildings began to be replaced.
New buildings, which have to comply with height limits and other restrictions, are often done in a decorative modernist style, many by Amy Weinstein, whose designs feature polychrome brickwork set in patterned relief.
There are multiple schools within the boundaries, including Brent Elementary School, the main primary school, St. Peter's School on Capitol Hill, the only Catholic school, Capitol Hill Day School, Stuart-Hobson Middle School, Elliot-Hine Jr. High School, Eastern High School and many others.
Eastern Market is an 1873 public market on 7th Street SE, where vendors sell fresh meat and produce in indoor stalls and at outdoor farmers' stands.
After a major fire gutted the main market building on April 30, 2007, it underwent restoration and reopened on June 26, 2009.
One of the most beloved stores, Fragers Hardware, has been based on Pennsylvania Avenue for nearly 100 years before it suffered a fire similar in destructiveness to the Eastern Market fire.
Barracks Row (8th Street SE), so called because of its proximity to the U.S. Marine Barracks, is one of the city's oldest commercial corridors.
Recent estimates in Capitol Hill newspapers suggest as many as a third of all Members of Congress live on Capitol Hill while in Washington.
Famous people who were born in the Capitol Hill neighborhood include John Philip Sousa (whose birthplace, on G St., near Christ Church is still standing) and J. Edgar Hoover.
A forward, he began his career with Telstar and AZ Alkmaar, before leaving the Netherlands for Portuguese club Campomaiorense in August 1995.
Later that year he was signed by English side Leeds United for a £2 million fee, and went on to win the Premier League Golden Boot award in 1998–99.
He was sold on to Spanish club Atlético Madrid for £10 million in 1999, and reached the final of the Copa del Rey with Atlético despite the club also suffering relegation from La Liga.
He moved to Middlesbrough on a free transfer in July 2004, and played in the final of the UEFA Cup in 2006.
He also scored nine goals in 23 matches in a four-year international career for the Netherlands national team, and appeared at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.
In May 2013 he was appointed manager of Royal Antwerp in the Belgian Second Division, where he stayed for one season.
In November 2014, he was hired by Burton Albion, and in his first season he led them to their first ever promotion to League One as champions of League Two.
In December 2015, he was appointed manager of Queens Park Rangers in the Championship, and lasted 11 months in the job until he was dismissed in November 2016.
Hasselbaink was born on 27 March 1972 in Paramaribo, Suriname (then part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands), to Frank Ware and Cornelli Hasselbaink; he was the youngest of six children.
In October 1978, his mother took him and three siblings to live in Zaandam, Netherlands; his father remained in Suriname and rarely contacted the family.
After his release he joined the youth team at DWS, but was dismissed from the club for stealing the watch of a first-team player.
He began his senior career with Telstar, while still a gang member, and had disciplinary issues at the club due to his persistent lateness.
He had an unsuccessful trial with FC Eindhoven, and after failing to agree terms with PEC Zwolle he instead spent the 1993–94 season training with HFC Haarlem.
He then played amateur football for Neerlandia whilst he looked abroad for a professional contract, spending time in Austria with Admira Wacker.
He signed for newly promoted Portuguese Primeira Divisão side Campomaiorense in August 1995 after impressing trainer Manuel Fernandes on a trial.
He failed to score in his first four games and missed a penalty in his fifth game after insisting on taking the penalty ahead of regular taker Stanimir Stoilov, however he made amends for the miss later in the game by scoring both goals in a 2–0 win over Gil Vicente.
The 1996–97 season was chaotic for the club, as the chairman dismissed two managers, Zoran Filipović and João Alves, before ending the campaign with Rui Casaca.
He scored his first professional hat-trick at the club, in a 3–1 victory over Marítimo at the Estádio do Bessa; he later scored a hat-trick in a 7–0 win over Gil Vicente, as did teammate Nuno Gomes.
Though head coach Casaca left Hasselbaink on the bench due to his arranged transfer to Leeds, Hasselbaink entered the final of the Taça de Portugal as a late substitute for Erwin Sánchez as Boavista held on to a 3–2 win over Benfica.
He scored on his Premier League debut in a 1–1 draw with Arsenal at Elland Road on 9 August, though initially he struggled to adapt to the pace of the English game.
He scored only five league goals before Christmas, but ended the campaign with 26 goals in all competitions following a strong second half of the season.
However, he and his agent were dissatisfied with the contract offered by the club, and though he still had two years to run on his existing deal he was sold on.
On 30 October, he scored twice in the Madrid Derby as Atlético beat Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium for the first time in nine years.
Despite this Hasselbaink shared the league's Silver Boot award with Catanha (Málaga CF), scoring only three goals fewer than top-scorer Salva Ballesta (Racing de Santander).
Atlético reached the final of the Copa del Rey at the Mestalla Stadium, but lost 2–1 to Espanyol; Hasselbaink scored a late consolation goal.
The club's league form did not improve following Ranieri's departure, and his successor Radomir Antić failed to prevent the club from being relegated into the Segunda División.
Hasselbaink returned to the Premier League in May 2000, when he was signed by Chelsea, for a club record fee of £15 million, which matched the then-transfer record for an English club; he signed a four-year contract.
Despite this Hasselbaink scored 23 goals in 35 league appearances in the 2000–01 season, including four goals in a 6–1 win against Coventry City on 21 October; he finished the season as the winner of the Premier League Golden Boot.
At the start of the 2001–02 season he earned the distinction of scoring the first competitive goal at Southampton's new St Mary's Stadium as Chelsea won 2–0 on 25 August.
He formed both a good friendship and a productive partnership with Icelandic striker Eiður Guðjohnsen, scoring 29 goals in all competitions whilst Guðjohnsen scored 23 goals in a season which also saw Chelsea reach the FA Cup final after overcoming Norwich City, West Ham United, Preston North End, Tottenham Hotspur, and Fulham.
Hasselbaink was a doubt for the final due to a hamstring injury, and was substituted on 68 minutes at the Millennium Stadium as Chelsea lost 2–0 to rivals Arsenal.
In summer 2002 the cause of his hamstring injury was discovered, and he underwent an operation to relieve a blockage in the arteries of his right leg which had been severely restricting circulation.
Ranieri initiated a squad rotation system for the 2002–03 season, but focused the team around Gianfranco Zola, which limited Hasselbaink's playing time.
Barcelona manager Louis van Gaal agreed an £8 million transfer for Hasselbaink in the January transfer window after months of negotiations but was dismissed before the transfer went through and the deal subsequently collapsed.
Though the attack was focused on Zola throughout the season Hasselbaink managed to score 15 goals in 44 games, only one goal less than Zola.
In the 2003–04 season he scored 17 goals in all competitions which, despite the arrival of new strikers Adrian Mutu and Hernán Crespo, made him top-scorer at the club for the third time in four years.
On 27 March, his 32nd birthday, Hasselbaink came on as a 60th-minute substitute for Geremi and scored a hat-trick as Chelsea came from behind to beat Wolverhampton Wanderers 5–2 at Stamford Bridge.
Chelsea finished the season in second place and reached the semi-finals of the Champions League; Hasselbaink played in both legs of the semi-final defeat to AS Monaco, as Chelsea lost 5–3 on aggregate.
In July 2004, Hasselbaink turned down approaches from Fulham, Celtic and Rangers and instead joined Middlesbrough on a two-year contract after a free transfer.
Due to several other internationals being signed by the club at the time, he predicted that Middlesbrough could qualify for the Champions League.
On 14 August, he scored on his debut for the club in a 2–2 draw with Newcastle United at the Riverside Stadium.
In the 2004–05 season he finished as the club's top-scorer with 13 goals in 36 Premier League games, including a hat-trick in a 4–0 win over Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park on 16 October.
The cup final proved to be Hasselbaink's last appearance for the club, as new manager Gareth Southgate decided to release him in July 2006.
After a potential move to Celtic of the Scottish Premier League broke down, Hasselbaink joined his fourth Premier League team, Charlton Athletic, on a free transfer in July 2006.
Soon after joining the club, he was charged by the FA with improper conduct and/or bringing the game into disrepute for his claiming Chelsea paid players a bonus after the 2004 Champions League win over Arsenal; a Premier League inquiry into what would have been illegal bonus payments found no evidence to support the claims, which were denied by Chelsea.
After seven games without a goal, Hasselbaink scored against yet another of his former clubs, Middlesbrough on 13 January, a game which Middlesbrough went on to win 3–1.
He was released by Charlton at the end of the 2006–07 season having scored only four goals in 29 games, with half of his goal tally coming against League One side Chesterfield in the League Cup.
Hasselbaink was on the verge of joining Championship side Leicester City in August 2007, but the club later withdrew their offer.
Instead Cardiff City chairman Peter Ridsdale, who worked with Hasselbaink at Leeds United, brought him to Cardiff on a one-year deal, putting him in a veteran strike partnership with Robbie Fowler.
Manager Dave Jones said that Hasselbaink initially took time to settle and become match fit but despite being a demanding player his professionalism was ultimately a positive influence.
On 19 September, Hasselbaink scored his first goal for Cardiff with a 20-yard low drive in the 2–1 league defeat to Watford at Ninian Park.
He was nominated for the Player of the Round in the Fifth Round of the FA Cup after scoring an impressive goal against Wolverhampton Wanderers.
As the season finished he entered talks to extend his stay at Cardiff, however he left the club in July 2008 following a dispute over pay.
Hasselbaink came to the attention of Netherlands manager Guus Hiddink whilst playing in England for Leeds United, and made his international debut on 27 May 1998 in a 0–0 draw in a friendly with Cameroon at the GelreDome in Arnhem; he came on as a 61st-minute substitute for Marc Overmars.
On 1 June he scored his first goal in a 5–1 friendly victory over Paraguay, and a few days later scored his second goal in another 5–1 friendly victory over Nigeria.
He was part of the Dutch squad for the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France, as back-up to established international strikers Patrick Kluivert, Dennis Bergkamp and Pierre van Hooijdonk and wingers Boudewijn Zenden and Marc Overmars.
With other strikers not fully fit, Hasselbaink started the opening game against Belgium at the Stade de France, but missed a scoring opportunity in the 0–0 draw and was taken off for Bergkamp after 65 minutes.
Kluivert was sent off in the match but Bergkamp was played as the only striker in the next game against South Korea, and van Hooijdonk was taken off the bench to replace him.
In the third group game against Mexico at the Stade Geoffroy-Guichard Hasselbaink came on for Bergkamp after 78 minutes, which was to be his last appearance at the tournament as Kluivert returned from suspension to leave Hasselbaink as Hiddink's fourth choice forward; Netherlands ended the tournament in fourth place.
He next played on 18 August 1999, alongside Kluivert and Ruud van Nistelrooy in a friendly against Denmark; he was taken off for Clarence Seedorf and the game ended 0–0.
He next appeared six months later, playing ten minutes against Germany and 70 minutes against Scotland, and despite van Nistelrooy being injured Hasselbaink was not selected for UEFA Euro 2000 as the five forwards chosen were Bergkamp, Kluivert, van Hooijdonk, Roy Makaay and Peter van Vossen.
He had been part of the 25 man initial squad but, along with André Ooijer and Winston Bogarde, was not chosen for the final 22.
Louis van Gaal rated Hasselbaink more highly than Rijkaard, meaning more chances at international level when van Gaal took over as manager in July 2000.
Hasselbaink scored against Spain in a 2–1 win at the Estadio de La Cartuja on 15 November 2000 but both he and Spanish captain Fernando Hierro were sent off for fighting late in the game.
On 24 March 2001, he scored in a 5–0 win over Andorra at the Mini Estadi, and four days later converted a penalty in a draw with Portugal at the Estádio das Antas.
On 25 April he scored in his third successive World Cup qualifying game, in a 4–0 win over Cyprus at the Philips Stadion.
He later played against Estonia (twice), England, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark; he scored a penalty past Denmark in a 1–1 draw at Parken Stadium.
On 21 August, he came on as a substitute in a 1–0 win over Norway at the Ullevaal Stadion, and on 7 September he scored in a 3–0 victory over Belarus, the opening qualifying game for UEFA Euro 2004; this was his last appearance for Netherlands.
He then worked with Chelsea's under-16 squad and coached at the Nike Academy while taking his UEFA 'B' and 'A' licences.
From July 2011 to January 2013 he was a member of the coaching staff at Nottingham Forest, leaving the club when manager Sean O'Driscoll was dismissed.
He led the club to a seventh-place finish in the 2013–14 season, before turning down a new deal at the club in May 2014.
Four days after his appointment he took charge of his first game at Burton, a 3–1 win at Wycombe Wanderers which moved the club into fourth in the table.
He was nominated for the League Two Manager of the Month award in January for going unbeaten in the month and leading the club to victories over promotion rivals Shrewsbury Town and Bury; however Chris Wilder of Northampton Town won the award.
On 18 April, Burton won 2–1 away at Morecambe to earn promotion to League One for the first time in their history.
Two weeks later, Burton came from 2–1 down, with ten men following the dismissal of goalkeeper Jon McLaughlin, to defeat Cambridge United 3–2 at the Abbey Stadium and win the League Two title.
On 4 December 2015, Hasselbaink was appointed as manager of Championship club Queens Park Rangers; he signed on a rolling contract, alongside his assistant David Oldfield.
Eight days later, he took charge of them for the first time, in a goalless draw against Burnley at Loftus Road.
On 4 September 2017, Hasselbaink was appointed manager of League One club Northampton Town on a three-year deal, replacing Justin Edinburgh who had been sacked after four losses from the start of the season.
His first game was against Doncaster Rovers five days later, a home tie which ended in a 1–0 victory for Northampton Town.
Shortly afterwards, Port Vale chairman Norman Smurthwaite revealed that he had rejected Hasselbaink for the vacant managerial position at his club in 2014, out of fear that racist elements of their support would abuse him.
Hasselbaink negotiated a deal to work with a fictitious Far Eastern firm looking to become involved in the transfer of footballers.
Charles Lane (born Charles Gerstle Levison; January 26, 1905 – July 9, 2007) was an American character actor and centenarian whose career spanned 72 years.
Lane was born Charles Gerstle Levison to a Jewish family in San Francisco, California, to parents Alice (née Gerstle) and Jacob B. Levison.
His father, an executive at the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, was instrumental in rebuilding San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake of which Lane was one of the last remaining survivors.
Actor/director Irving Pichel first suggested that Lane go into acting in 1929, and four years later Lane was a founding member of the Screen Actors Guild.
Bedloe was a mean-spirited railroad executive who periodically visited the Shady Rest Hotel while seeking justification to end train service of the Hooterville Cannonball, but he never succeeded in that objective.
He was a good friend of Lucille Ball, and his specialty in playing scowling, beady-eyed, short tempered, no-nonsense professionals provided the perfect comic foil for Ball's scatterbrained television character.
However, Lane was in reality a placeholder for Ball's original choice, Gale Gordon, who joined the program in 1963 as Mr. Mooney after he was free from other contractual obligations.
On his busiest days, Lane said he sometimes played more than one role, getting into costume and filming his two or three lines, then hurrying off to another set for a different costume and a different role.
Despite his stern, hard-hearted demeanor in most of his film and television roles, friends and acquaintances have unanimously described Lane as a warm, funny and kind person.
Lane was not the only person in his family to have a long life; in 1973 his mother Alice died in her San Francisco home at the age of 100.
Earl of Aboyne is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, borne in the Gordon family (see the Marquess of Huntly for earlier history of the family).
There is some contemporary evidence that this title was first created for James Gordon, 2nd Viscount Aboyne during the Civil War, but this creation is not recorded in peerage sources.
The title was created (or revived) on 10 September 1660 for Lord Charles Gordon, fourth son of George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly, and Viscount Aboyne's younger brother.
His great-great-grandson (the titles having descended from father to son), the fifth Earl, succeeded as Marquess of Huntly in 1836, since when the earldom has been held as a subsidiary title.
The original town was burnt down during the reign of King John (1199-1216); it was rebuilt in 1252 and a charter granted to Johanna de Berkeley authorising her to hold a market and a three-day annual fair on the Feast of the Cross.
In 1272 the inhabitants of the borough were authorised to elect one of their members as a Mayor, a practice that continued every year until 1886.
The Katharine Lady Berkeley's Grammar School was established in 1384 and is now a comprehensive named Katharine Lady Berkeley's School although the present modern building is a little outside of the town on the way to the village of Kingswood.
Overlooking the town on the top of Wotton Hill are a collection of trees planted in the 19th century to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo.
These are situated on the site that housed one of the early warning beacons used to warn England of the approach of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
New Mills, founded in 1810, prospered by supplying both sides in the Napoleonic wars but after a century of decline the mill was near to closing in 1981 when it was acquired by Renishaw plc.
In 2002, following the closure of the local cinema, a group of volunteers raised funds for a refurbishment to become one of the first digital cinemas in the UK.
It re-opened in 2005 as a 100-seat facility inside an old stable yard, once part of the Crown Inn which closed in 1911.
Films were first shown in the old Banqueting Hall of the Inn and moved to the stable yard some years later, due to the popularity of films.
There was once one at nearby Charfield, which is still on a partly-extant line, and there have been calls for the station to be re-opened.
Garroway has been honored for his contributions to radio and television with a star for each on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as well as the St. Louis Walk of Fame, the city where he spent part of his teenage years and early adulthood.
By the time Garroway was 14 he had moved with his family thirteen times, finally settling in St. Louis, Missouri, where he attended University City High School and Washington University in St. Louis, from which he earned a degree in abnormal psychology.
Before going into broadcasting, Garroway worked as a Harvard University lab assistant, as a book salesman, and as a piston ring salesman.
Garroway began his broadcasting career at NBC as a page in 1938, he graduated 23rd in a class of 24 from NBC's school for announcers.
As a station reporter, he went about the region filing reports from a hot-air balloon, a U.S. Navy submarine in the Ohio River, and from deep inside a coal mine.
His early reporting efforts earned Garroway a reputation for finding a good story, even if it took him to unusual places.
While stationed in Honolulu, he hosted a radio show when he was off duty, playing jazz records and reminiscing about the old days back in Chicago.
One oddity Garroway introduced on his radio shows was having the studio audience respond to a song number not by applauding but by snapping their fingers.
Garroway worked on the air at WCBS radio in 1964 and briefly hosted the afternoon rush hour shift at KFI in Los Angeles in late 1970 and early 1971.
Along with Arthur Godfrey, Arlene Francis, Steve Allen and Jack Paar, Garroway was one of the pioneers of the television talk show.
He was joined by news editor Jim Fleming and announcer Jack Lescoulie when the show debuted on Monday, January 14, 1952.
In 1961, Garroway hosted a special filmed program for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association that traced Billy Graham's crusades from 1949 to 1960.
When Garroway's second wife, Pamela, died of a prescription drug overdose on April 28, 1961, Garroway sank into a deeper emotional malaise.
While he was in the publishing business, Garroway began reading various law books in an effort to try to understand what his lawyer was saying.
The show had promise, but management instead decided to fill its time slot with old movies instead of more expensive local programming.
Upon Lawrence's death in 2003, the boxes were turned over to the Library of American Broadcasting, Special Collections, University of Maryland Libraries, where they remained as of 2009.
Garroway was very interested in astronomy, and during a tour of Russian telescopes he met his third wife, astronomer Sarah Lee Lippincott.
Garroway, a music lover and amateur drummer, lent his name to a series of recordings of jazz, classical, and pop music released in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Garroway, who had recently undergone rehab for an amphetamine addiction, appeared to be cheerful and in good spirits during the show.
There was no suicide note and Garroway's nurse did not recall him being unusually depressed in the final day of his life.
Because of Garroway's dedication to the cause of mental health, his third wife, Sarah, helped establish the Dave Garroway Laboratory for the Study of Depression at the University of Pennsylvania.
The first creation was on 13 April 1676 for Lord John Butler, who was created Earl of Gowran at the same time.
Duke of Cleveland is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
The first creation in 1670 (along with the barony of Nonsuch and the earldom of Southampton) was for Barbara Castlemaine, a mistress of King Charles II.
The dukedom was created with a special remainder allowing it to be inherited by her first son, Charles FitzRoy, and his heirs male, then by her third son, George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, both being her illegitimate sons by Charles II.
As there were no heirs male descended from George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland and the 1st Duchess of Cleveland's 2nd son (Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton) and his heirs male had not been made eligible to inherit the dukedom of Cleveland, the title became extinct.
He was a great-grandson of Charles FitzRoy, the second Duke of the first creation, and had already been created Marquess of Cleveland on 5 October 1827.
It is part of the North Maluku province of Indonesia and Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island.
It has a population in 1995 of 162,728; it has increased to 449,938 for the island itself (excluding the tip which is considered part of the Joronga Islands, but including Gebe and Ju islands) and 667,161 for the island group (including all of South Halmahera and Tidore, but not Ternate).
Sparsely-populated Halmahera's fortunes have long been closely tied to those of the smaller islands of Ternate and Tidore, both off its west coast.
These islands were both the sites of major kingdoms in the era before Dutch East India Company colonized the entire archipelago.
In 1999 and 2000 Halmahera was the site of violence that began as a purely ethnic dispute between residents of (mainly Christian) Kao and (entirely Muslim) Malifut sub-districts and then took on a religious nature as it spread through much of the North Moluccas, called the Maluku sectarian conflict.
In June 2000, about five hundred people were killed when a ferry carrying refugees from the fighting on Halmahera sank off the northeast tip of Sulawesi island.
Today, much transportation to the rest of Indonesia is through connections on the provincial capital, Ternate island although Tobelo, the largest town on Halmahera, also has direct ferry and cargo sea links to Surabaya and Manado.
Particularly since the inauguration of the first ever directly elected Bupati (Regent or District Head), Tobelo is undergoing rapid development and is aiming at rivaling Ternate's historical dominance.
Also, in 2010 the provincial government has moved the provincial capital from Ternate City to Sofifi, a small village on the Halmahera coast opposite Tidore island.
The regencies are: North Halmahera, West Halmahera, East Halmahera, Central Halmahera, South Hamahera, Ternate Municipality, Tidore City and Islands, Morotai and Sula Islands.
The volcanic island lies on an island arc that includes the Raja Ampat Islands, all uplifted by the northward migration of the continent of Australia and subduction of the Pacific Plate.
It was here, in February between the bouts of fever, that a suffering Wallace came to the idea of the natural selection via the survival of the fittest.
Baron Airedale, of Gledhow in the West Riding of the County of York, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
It was created on 17 July 1907 for the Liberal politician Sir James Kitson, 1st Baronet, who had previously represented Colne Valley in the House of Commons and served as Lord Mayor of Leeds.
Kitson had already been created a Baronet, of Gledhow in the West Riding of the County of York, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom 1886.
The counterculture police series earned six Emmy Award nominations, four Golden Globe nominations plus one win for Peggy Lipton, one Directors Guild of America Award, and four Logies.
The concept was to take three rebellious, disaffected young social outcasts and convince them to work as unarmed undercover detectives as an alternative to being incarcerated.
Examples included infiltrations of a high school to solve a teacher's murder, of an underground newspaper to find a bomber, and of an acting class to look for a strangler who was preying on blonde actresses.
Groundbreaking in the realm of socially relevant drama, it dealt with issues such as abortion, domestic violence, child abuse, illiteracy, slumlords, the anti-war movement, illegal immigration, police brutality, student protest, soldiers returning from Vietnam and PTSD, racism, euthanasia, and the illegal drug trade.
Since the first interracial kiss on an American television show was in 1967, this was still fairly new territory in popular culture.
In the U.S., MeTV reran the series from May 26, 2014 to August 29, 2014 and again on Sunday afternoons from January 4, 2015 to August 30, 2015.
A television pilot was shot in 1968, with a running time of 74 minutes, but it was never aired in its entirety.
In 1999, the series was adapted into a film with the same title by MGM starring Giovanni Ribisi, Omar Epps, Claire Danes, and Dennis Farina.
On August 20, 2013, it was announced that Visual Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series (under license from Paramount) and would release season 3 on DVD on September 24, 2013.
In Canada, Season 3 was released on DVD a week earlier, on September 17, 2013, and Season 4 was released on October 8, 2013.
In Kelso's van, Kelso tells Hyde and Fez that he has a CB radio, and runs some possible names by them.
A girl comes on the radio and says that her name is Foxy Lady, and she is with her friend, Nice 'n Easy.
Earl of Airth was a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created on 21 January 1633 by Charles I, for William Graham, 7th Earl of Menteith.
Owing to the uncanonicity of the marriage of Robert II to Elizabeth Mure, and the 1373 Act which only sidestepped this question for heirs male of Robert II's sons, William Graham's ancestors potentially had a better claim to the Scottish throne than Mary, Queen of Scots.
Graham thus had a potentially better claim to the throne than Mary's descendant, Charles I, as Graham's claim descends from Robert II's second - undoubted - marriage.
Graham had successfully petitioned for the return of the title of Earl of Strathearn which the first Graham Earl of Mentieth had held.
He was sacked from his positions and instead of receiving the Earldom of Strathearn, he was given the insultingly minor title of Earl of Airth.
In 1834 Capt Robert Barclay Allardice of Ury and Allardice petitioned the King to be recognised as Earl of Airth as a descendant of William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth, his great-great-great-grandfather, basing his claim on the fact that the Letters Patent of 1633 specified descent to 'heirs general', rather than limiting it to 'heirs male'.
No decision was forthcoming and in 1840 Capt Barclay Allardice petitioned Queen Victoria for him to be recognised as Earl of Strathearn, Menteith and Airth.
The Committee for Privileges heard evidence in support of the opposing claims in 1870 and 1871, but came to no decision, and the three Earldoms remained dormant.
The Greatest American Hero is an American comedy-drama superhero television series that aired for three seasons from 1981 to 1983 on ABC.
The series features William Katt as teacher Ralph Hinkley, Robert Culp as FBI agent Bill Maxwell, and Connie Sellecca as lawyer Pam Davidson..
The series chronicles Ralph's adventures after a group of aliens gives him a red and black suit that grants him superhuman abilities.
Unfortunately for Ralph, who hates wearing the suit, he immediately loses its instruction booklet, and thus has to learn how to use its powers by trial and error, often with comical results.
As Ralph lost the suit's instruction manual, his discovery of these different powers often come as a surprise even to himself.
Notably, while the suit enables Ralph to fly, it does not endow him with any particular skill at landing, so he frequently crashes in an undignified (if undamaged) heap.
But Jim was overwhelmed with the power of the suit, and he used it selfishly and for ill-gotten gains, until the aliens discover this and take the suit away.
He loses the book when he shrinks to a fraction of normal size, but is not holding the book when he returns to normal.
Producers made various modifications to the suit to help him, and accommodated him by scheduling filming so he would not have to wear it all day during a shoot.
On the Season 1 DVD, Stephen J. Cannell notes that the symbol design on the front of the suit is actually based on a pair of scissors that he had on his desk during the design of the uniform.
The episode story concerns a KGB mole-agent (played by guest actor Dixie Carter) placed into the FBI with the sole purpose of discovering the methods used by agent Bill Maxwell in catching spies and other assorted villains.
The powers of the red suit were somewhat general, but still were similar enough to the abilities of Superman that Warner Bros., the owners of DC Comics, filed a lawsuit against ABC.
Ultimately, the pilot was re-edited as an episode of the original series (complete with original opening credits and theme), and added to syndication sets of the original series aired on several local television stations in the late 80s, for which it is the final episode.
The pilot movie reveals that several years after the final episode, Ralph's secret identity was finally revealed to the public, resulting in his becoming a celebrity.
This angers the aliens who gave him the suit, and they charge him with finding a new hero to wear the costume and use its powers for fighting evil.
Once the transfer is made, they explain, all memory of Ralph's exploits will be purged from the world's memory and remembered only by Ralph, Pam, and Bill.
Bill begins their search by researching people with desired hero qualities, but Ralph finds a young woman named Holly Hathaway (Mary Ellen Stuart), an elementary school teacher who spends her off-hours time looking for lost kittens, raising environmental awareness, and serving as a foster mother.
Holly reacts emotionally to the fond farewells, but breaks the somber mood as she accidentally pulls the door off of Bill's sedan.
The rest of the episode deals with her learning how to use the suit with Bill Maxwell's guidance, and the pair trying to develop a working relationship.
During July 2008, it was announced that Katt was writing a comic book series based on the television series for his publishing company, Catastrophic Comics, in conjunction with Arcana Studios.
Deadline reported on September 8, 2017, that Rachna Fruchbom and Nahnatchka Khan will produce a female-led reboot for 20th Century Fox TV and ABC Studios.
On February 12, 2018, Simone was announced as the lead in ABC's reboot; however, ABC declined to pick up the series.
Additionally, on October 3, 2006, they released a special 13-disc boxed set that includes all 43 episodes of the series as well as other bonus material.
However, both the individual DVD sets and the complete boxed set are missing original performances by Mike Post and Joey Scarbury whenever the song concerned originated by another artist.
Williams Arena, located on the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota, is the home of the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers men's and women's basketball teams.
It is in a neighborhood called Stadium Village, named for the old Memorial Stadium that stood there until its demolition in 1992.
The arena is adjacent to TCF Bank Stadium, Mariucci Arena, and Ridder Arena, where the football and hockey teams respectively play.
Initially known as the Minnesota Field House (another building has that name today), Williams Arena was constructed in the 1920s and opened in 1928.
The arena was remodeled in 1950, and renamed Williams Arena after Dr. Henry L. Williams, the football coach from 1900 to 1921.
As part of the 1950 renovation, it was divided into two separate arenas within one building—a larger one for basketball and a smaller one for hockey.
Both arenas were called Williams Arena until March 2, 1985, when the hockey section was renamed Mariucci Arena after longtime Gopher hockey coach John Mariucci.
The old Mariucci Arena within Williams was remodeled into the Sports Pavilion, now the Maturi Pavilion, named for former University of Minnesota athletic director Joel Maturi in August 2017. which houses the volleyball, wrestling, and gymnastic teams.
The venue hosted the 1951 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament championship game and the 1964 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament Mideast Regional.
The Minnesota Lynx played all of their 2017 postseason home games at Williams Arena, ultimately winning the franchise's fourth WNBA championship in the building.
Over the summer of 2012, a new Daktronics videoboard and fascia displays were installed as part of a sporting facility update, replacing the older board.
The court surface is raised above the ground approximately two feet so that players' benches, officials tables, etc., are actually below the court.
Normally, other than the officials and those players actively playing, only head coaches are allowed to be on the court itself.
The raised floor is one of only a few remaining examples left and contributes significantly to the historic aura of the 90-year-old arena.
This served as the inspiration for the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship to host stadiums for their Final Four as of 2009 to have the floor about off the stadium floor as part of an increased capacity to a minimum of 70,000.
PCL Construction began work on , replacing the original playing surface from 1928 with a new floor along with new basketball goals.
From 1950 until the opening of Marriott Center at Brigham Young University in 1971, it had the largest capacity of any collegiate basketball arena in the country.
Hinkle Fieldhouse at Butler University also was constructed in 1928, and held the honor of being the highest capacity arena until the remodeling of Williams Arena in 1950.
In 1896, the team moved into the campus Armory, a large building with gymnasium space for the team to use, even if basketball was not its primary purpose.
Halfway through the 1924–25 season, coach Harold Taylor moved the team from the University Armory to the Kenwood Armory in downtown Minneapolis.
The team only played at Kenwood for a few seasons, however, as the University of Minnesota Field House (later known as Williams Arena) opened partway through the 1927–1928 season.
In some cases, the drain has a device that can be manipulated to block the drain to fill the basin of the fixture.
Most fixtures also have an overflow, which is a conduit for water to drain away, when the regular drain is plugged, before the water actually overflows at the flood rim level.
However, water closets and showers (that are not in bathtubs) usually lack this feature because their drains normally cannot be stopped.
For water closets, this tube usually ends in a flat neoprene washer that tightens against the connection, while for lavatories, the supply usually ends in a conical neoprene washer.
Kitchen sinks, tubs and showers usually have supply tubes built onto their valves which then are soldered or 'fast jointed' directly onto the water supply pipes.
However, their proper sealing depends on proper seating of the water closet, on a firm and secure base (floor), and on proper installation of the closet bolts which secure the closet to the flange, which is in turn supposed to be securely fastened to the floor.
Traps are pipes which curve down then back up; they 'trap' a small amount of water to create a water seal between the ambient air space and the inside of the drain system.
Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.
Once the food is small enough to pass out of this chamber, it is flushed down the rest of the plumbing.
In most of Europe, garbage disposers are not used at all; the high load of organic matter in the waste water requires a higher capacity sewage treatment plant, since the increased organic matter requires additional oxygen and water to process.
The stated reason was the above-mentioned increased sewage treatment capacity, but many area residents also suspected that it was the garbage unions not wanting work taken away from them.
For example, while a user is lathering up with soap, the fixture shuts off and then resumes when the user needs it to.
However, many people, especially children, dislike or even fear automatic flush toilets, since they have the tendency to flush without warning, even while the user is still sitting on the toilet.
Some parents have started keeping track of public bathrooms that have manual flush toilets, or even carrying post-it notes or other devices with them to temporarily disable the automatic flush sensor.
These fixtures typically cost more to install than conventional plumbing fixtures, because they require the services (or presence) of both a licensed plumber and a licensed electrician.
Sir David Kirke (c. 1597 – 1654), also spelt David Ker, was an adventurer, colonizer and governor for the king of England.
He is best known for his successful capture of New France in 1629 during the Thirty Years' War and his subsequent governorship of lands in Newfoundland.
A favourite of Charles I of England, Kirke's downfall came with that of the Crown during the English Civil War and it is believed he died in prison.
Kirke was a son of Gervase (Jarvis) Kirke, a rich merchant of the City of London, and Elizabeth Goudon, a French Huguenot woman.
A second English invasion fleet, of six ships and three pinnaces, left Gravesend in March 1629 with Jacques Michel, a deserter from Champlain, to act as pilot on the St. Lawrence River.
Champlain sent a party from Quebec, whose residents were on the point of starvation, to meet an expected relief fleet under Émery de Caën.
Unknown to Champlain, Caën was also bringing word that in April peace had been declared in Europe by the Treaty of Susa.
However, Champlain argued that the English seizure of the lands was unlawful, as the war had already ended; and he worked to have the area returned to France.
As part of the ongoing negotiations of their exit from the Anglo-French War, in 1632 Charles I of England agreed to return the lands in exchange for Louis XIII paying his wife's dowry.
A portion of Newfoundland, the Avalon Peninsula, had already been granted to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, but he was accused of abandoning his colony before his death in 1632, and the lands were transferred to Kirke.
The charter of this new grant had stipulations designed to reduce conflict with migratory fishermen; there was to be no settlement within six miles of the shore, fishing rooms were not to be occupied before the arrival of the summer fishing crews, and a five per cent tax was to be collected on all fish products taken by foreigners.
The original governorship of the Avalon Peninsula had passed to Baltimore's son, Cecilius Calvert, who had installed William Hill as governor.
At the time the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were being fished by many European nations, and Kirke's 5 per cent tax gave the advantage to the English.
Represented in London by Kirke, Barkeley, and Company, with several of his brothers in control, Kirke used his land rights to support the fish trade, in conflict with the terms of his charter.
Although the merchants' complaints were put aside during the war, they were revived at the end of it, and the Kirkes were no longer protected by the crown.
In 1651 a team of six commissioners, led by Maryland merchant John Treworgie, was sent to Ferryland to seize Kirke and bring him to England to stand trial.
His wife, Dame Sara Kirke, returned to Newfoundland to oversee his business and reclaim his property, but Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, brought new charges against Kirke over the title of the lands around Ferryland.
Kirke is thought to have died in the original Southwark jail, The Clink, as early as January 1654, while awaiting trial.
The next year, he and two other commissioners were arrested by James Kirke for holding possession of lands rightfully owned by the Kirkes, and an unpaid debt of £1,100.
The outcome is lost, but it appears that Treworgie was found not guilty, as he continued to serve as governor until 1660.
In 1660, Treworgie returned to England to ask for another term as governor and for six year's salary he claimed he was owed.
The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 re-opened the debate between the Kirkes and the Calverts over the ownership of the Avalon Peninsula.
Lady Kirke petitioned Charles II to make Lewis's nephew George Kirke the governor of Newfoundland, an arrangement suggested by the Newfoundlanders, but the king did not appoint any resident governor.
Lady Kirke and her children were still in Ferryland in 1673, when a Dutch fleet sacked and burned the settlement during the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
A decade later, in 1683, Sir John Kirke, whose daughter had married Pierre-Esprit Radisson and who was himself a member of Prince Rupert’s Hudson’s Bay Company, asked the king for compensation for the losses incurred in the conquest of Canada in 1629.
The last known reference to his nephew George Kirke dates from 1680, when he was proposed as a collector of the toll levied on all boats fishing in Newfoundland waters.
As late as 1696, three of Sir David Kirke's sons, George, David the Younger, and Phillip, remained substantial planters on the Southern Shore of Newfoundland.
During the aftermath of World War I, the Imperial War Graves Commission in Europe asked what arms should mark the graves of soldiers from Newfoundland.
In 1928, they were adopted as the official coat of arms of Newfoundland and continue to be used today by the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Earl of Aldborough, of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland held by the Stratford family.
It was created on 9 February 1777, along with the courtesy title of Viscount Amiens, for John Stratford, 1st Viscount Aldborough, a descendant of the English Stratford family.
He had already been created Baron Baltinglass, of Baltinglass, in the County of Wicklow, on 21 May 1763, and Viscount Aldborough, of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond, on 22 July 1776.
3M Arena at Mariucci is the home arena for the Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey team of the University of Minnesota.
The arena is located on the Minneapolis campus and seats approximately 10,000 fans (9,600 in the main bowl plus club room and suite seating).
The women's ice hockey team played at Mariucci from 1997 until 2002 when they moved to Ridder Arena, which is connected to Mariucci via a tunnel.
Mariucci Arena has been host to prominent regional, national, and international competitions, including the 2005 and 2009 West Regional of the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship, the 2006 NCAA Women's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament, and the 2006 World Short Track speed skating event.
On November 6, 2004, 10,587 fans watched the Gophers complete the sweep of the arch-rival Wisconsin Badgers, the largest crowd to watch a game at Mariucci Arena.
Before the 2012-13 hockey season, the University of Minnesota upgraded Mariucci Arena, which saw the replacement of the old scoreboard with a new state of the art Daktronics videoboard and the addition of a fascia display that rings the arena.
The renovations would include reducing the ice sheet to approximately x , increased seating capacity, improved sightlines and an upgraded weight room.
The reduced-size playing surface would allow for playing style to be more similar to the NHL, which has a standard × sized rink.
In mathematics, the Schwarzian derivative, named after the German mathematician Hermann Schwarz, is a certain operator that is invariant under all Möbius transformations.
Thus, it occurs in the theory of the complex projective line, and in particular, in the theory of modular forms and hypergeometric functions.
This makes the Schwarzian derivative an important tool in one-dimensional dynamics since it implies that all iterates of a function with negative Schwarzian will also have negative Schwarzian.
Note that the Gaussian hypergeometric differential equation can be brought into the above form, and thus pairs of solutions to the hypergeometric equation are related in this way.
The Schwarzian derivative and associated second -order ordinary differential equation can be used to determine the Riemann mapping between the upper half-plane or unit circle and any bounded polygon in the complex plane, the edges of which are circular arcs or straight lines.
For polygons with straight edges, this reduces to the Schwarz–Christoffel mapping, which can be derived directly without using the Schwarzian derivative.
Universal Teichmüller space is defined to be the space of real analytic quasiconformal mappings of the unit disc D, or equivalently the upper half-plane H, onto itself, with two mappings considered to be equivalent if on the boundary one is obtained from the other by composition with a Möbius transformation.
allows the Schwarzian derivative to be interpreted as a continuous 1-cocycle or crossed homomorphism of the diffeomorphism group of the circle with coefficients in the module of densities of degree 2 on the circle.
There is an infinitesimal version of this result giving a 1-cocycle for Vect(S), the Lie algebra of smooth vector fields, and hence for the Witt algebra, the subalgebra of trigonometric polynomial vector fields.
The crossed homomorphisms in turn give rise to the central extension of Diff(S) and of its Lie algebra Vect(S), the so-called Virasoro algebra.
In fact the homeomorphisms of S induced by quasiconformal self-maps of D are precisely the quasisymmetric homeomorphisms of S; these are exactly homeomorphisms which do not send four points with cross ratio 1/2 to points with cross ratio near 1 or 0.
Taking boundary values, universal Teichmüller can be identified with the quotient of the group of quasisymmetric homeomorphisms QS(S) by the subgroup of Möbius transformations Moeb(S).
It is also naturally a complex manifold and this and other natural geometric structures are compatible with those on Teichmüller space.
The Schwarzian derivative and the other 1-cocycle defined on Diff(S) can be extended to biholomorphic between open sets in the complex plane.
In this case the local description leads to the theory of analytic pseudogroups, formalizing the theory of infinite-dimensional groups and Lie algebras first studied by Élie Cartan in the 1910s.
This is related to affine and projective structures on Riemann surfaces as well as the theory of Schwarzian or projective connections, discussed by Gunning, Schiffer and Hawley.
On the other hand, taking the local holomororphic flow defined by holomorphic vector fields,—the exponential of the vector fields—the holomorphic pseudogroup of local biholomorphisms is generated by holomorphic vector fields.
If the 1-cocycle satisfies suitable continuity or analyticity conditions, it induces a 1-cocycle of holomorphic vector fields, also compatible with restriction.
Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with complex names, is a repository for some names that may be considered unusual.
Some names derive legitimately from their chemical makeup, from the geographic region where they may be found, the plant or animal species from which they are isolated or the name of the discoverer.
Some are given intentionally unusual trivial names based on their structure, a notable property or at the whim of those who first isolate them.
The collection listed below presents a sample of trivial names and gives an idea how chemists are inspired when they coin a brand new name for a chemical compound outside of systematic naming.
Living water has the further advantage of being able to purify even while flowing, as opposed to rainwater which must be stationary in order to purify.
In Orthodox Judaism, these regulations are steadfastly adhered to, and, consequently, the mikveh is central to an Orthodox Jewish community; they formally hold in Conservative Judaism as well.
The existence of a mikveh is considered so important that a Jewish community is required to construct a mikveh even before building a synagogue, and must go to the extreme of selling Torah scrolls or even a synagogue if necessary, to provide funding for its construction.
Before the beginning of the first century BCE, neither written sources, nor archaeology gives any indication about the existence of specific installations used for ritual cleansing.
Mikvoth appear at the beginning of the first century BCE, and from then on, ancient mikvoth can be found throughout the land of Israel, as well as in historic communities of the Jewish diaspora.
According to these rules, a mikveh must be connected to a natural spring or well of naturally occurring water, and thus can be supplied by rivers and lakes which have natural springs as their source.
A cistern filled by the rainwater is also permitted to act as a mikveh's water supply so long as the water is never collected in a vessel.
Similarly snow, ice and hail are allowed to act as the supply of water to a mikveh no matter how they were transferred to the mikveh.
A river that dries up upon occasion cannot be used because it is presumed to be rainwater and not spring water, which cannot purify while in a flowing state.
As water flows through only pipes that open at both ends, the municipal and in-home plumbing would be construed as a non-vessel.
So long as the pipes, hoses, and fittings are all freestanding and not held in the hand, they could be used to fill a mikvah receptacle that met all other requirements.
There are also classical requirements for the manner in which the water can be stored and transported to the pool; the water must flow naturally to the mikveh from the source, which essentially means that it must be supplied by gravity or a natural pressure gradient, and the water cannot be pumped there by hand or carried.
One is that tap water is made to flow into a kosher mikveh, and through a conduit into a larger pool.
A second method is to create a mikveh in a deep pool, place a floor with holes over that and then fill the upper pool with tap water.
Most contemporary mikvoth are indoor constructions involving rainwater collected from a cistern and passed through a duct by gravity into an ordinary bathing pool; the mikveh can be heated, taking into account certain rules, often resulting in an environment not unlike a spa.
Traditionally, the mikveh was used by both men and women to regain ritual purity after various events, according to regulations laid down in the Torah and in classical rabbinical literature.
It also became customary for Kohanim to fully immerse themselves before Jewish holidays, and the laity of many communities subsequently adopted this practice.
Orthodox Judaism generally adheres to the classical regulations and traditions, and consequently Orthodox Jewish women are obligated to immerse in a mikveh between Niddah and sexual relations with their husbands.
In accordance with Orthodox rules concerning modesty, men and women are required to immerse in separate mikveh facilities in separate locations, or to use the mikveh at different designated times.
In the customs of certain Jewish communities, men also use a mikveh before Jewish holidays; the men in certain communities, especially hasidic and haredi groups, also practice immersion before each Shabbat, and some immerse in a mikveh every single day.
Although the Temple Mount is treated by many Orthodox Jewish authorities as being forbidden territory, a number of groups permit access, but require immersion before ascending the Mount as a precaution.
Orthodox Judaism requires that vessels and utensils must be immersed in a mikveh before being used for food, if purchased or received from a non-Jew.
Kaplan points out that most of the laws of impurity relate to some form of death (or in the case of Niddah the loss of a potential life).
One who comes into contact with one of the forms of death must then immerse in water which is described in Genesis as flowing out of the Garden of Eden (the source of life) in order to cleanse oneself of this contact with death (and by extension of sin).
The experience of submerging drives home the realization that our existence in this world is transient, and we should strive towards more lasting goals.
In a series of responsa on the subject of Niddah in December 2006, the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of Conservative Judaism reaffirmed a requirement that Conservative women use a mikveh monthly following the end of the niddah period following menstruation, while adopting certain leniencies including reducing the length of the nidda period.
Conservative Judaism encourages, but does not require, immersion before Jewish Holidays (including Yom Kippur), nor the immersion of utensils purchased from non-Jews.
In the 21st century the mikveh is experiencing a revival among progressive Jews who view immersion as a way to mark transitions in their lives.
In some Jewish communities it is customary that at some point during the ninth month of a woman's pregnancy she should dip in a mikveh.
The person should be wearing no clothes, jewelry, makeup, nail polish, fake nails, or grooming products on the hair or skin.
Showering or bathing and carefully checking the whole body is therefore part of the religious requirements before entering the water of a Mikveh for a woman.
According to rabbinical tradition, the hair counts as part of the body, and therefore, water is required to touch all parts of it, meaning that braids cannot be worn during immersion; this has resulted in debate between the various ethnic groups within Judaism, about whether hair combing is necessary before immersion.
The Ashkenazi community generally supports the view that hair must be combed straight so that there are no knots, but some take issue with this stance, particularly when it comes to dreadlocks.
In the Mishnah, following on from a discussion about Yom Kippur, immersion in a Mikveh is compared by Rabbi Akiva with the relationship between God and Israel.
A different allegory is used by many Jews adhering to a belief in resurrection as one of the Thirteen Principles of Faith.
The Reform Movement’s Israel Religious Action Center sued the state on behalf of the Reform and Conservative/Masorti movements to allow members to use publicly funded mikvoth.
The case, which took ten years to resolve, resulted in the Israeli Supreme Court ruling that public ritual baths must accept all prospective converts to Judaism, including converts to Reform and Conservative Judaism.
Until this ruling, Orthodox officials barred non-Orthodox converts from using any mikveh, claiming their traditions do not conform to Jewish law, and the people they convert are therefore not Jews.
In 2013, the Israeli Center for Women's Justice and Kolech, an organization committed to Orthodox Jewish feminism, petitioned the Supreme Court to forbid attendants from asking intrusive questions of women at state-funded and -operated mikvot.
The complaint charged that the Chief Rabbinate is ignoring directives passed in 2013 that allow women to use the mikvah facilities without being asked intrusive questions by attendants.
Mayyim Hayyim, an organization in Newton, Massachusetts, collaborated with Keshet, one of Boston's LGBT Jewish organizations, to actively create a mikveh space that felt accessible to transgender people, including training mikveh guides on gender issues.
Others still see mikveh as a place for married women to go after their periods, and therefore a transgender female would be exempt from these requirements as she does not menstruate.
Unlike traditional impervious paving materials, permeable paving systems allow stormwater to percolate and infiltrate through the pavement and into the aggregate layers and/or soil below.
The goal is to control stormwater at the source, reduce runoff and improve water quality by filtering pollutants in the subsurface layers.
Permeable pavement surfaces are made of either a porous material that enables stormwater to flow through it or nonporous blocks spaced so that water can flow between the gaps.
Permeable pavement is commonly used on roads, paths and parking lots subject to light vehicular traffic, such as cycle-paths, service or emergency access lanes, road and airport shoulders, and residential sidewalks and driveways.
Permeable solutions can be based on: porous asphalt and concrete surfaces, concrete pavers (permeable interlocking concrete paving systems – PICP), or polymer-based grass pavers, grids and geocells.
Porous pavements and concrete pavers (actually the voids in-between them) enable stormwater to drain through a stone base layer for on-site infiltration and filtering.
Grass pavers, plastic turf reinforcing grids (PTRG), and geocells (cellular confinement systems) are honeycombed 3D grid-cellular systems, made of thin-walled HDPE plastic or other polymer alloys.
In addition to load support, the cellular grid reduces compaction of the soil to maintain permeability, while the roots improve permeability due to their root channels.
Permeable paving is an important component in Low Impact Development (LID), a process for land development in the United States that attempts to minimize impacts on water quality and the similar concept of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the United Kingdom.
The infiltration capacity of the native soil is a key design consideration for determining the depth of base rock for stormwater storage or for whether an underdrain system is needed.
Permeable pavers provide a solid ground surface, strong enough to take heavy loads, like large vehicles, while at the same time they allow water to filter through the surface and reach the underlying soils, mimicking natural ground absorption.
Permeable pavers also combat erosion that occurs when grass is dry or dead, by replacing grassed areas in suburban and residential environments.
Permeable paving surfaces keep the pollutants in place in the soil or other material underlying the roadway, and allow water seepage to groundwater recharge while preventing the stream erosion problems.
.in areas where infiltration is not possible due to unsuitable soil conditions permeable pavements are used in the attenuation mode where water is retained in the pavement and slowly released to surface water systems between storm events.
This integrates healthy ecology and thriving cities, with the living tree canopy above, the city's traffic on the ground, and living tree roots below.
The benefits of permeables on urban tree growth have not been conclusively demonstrated and many researchers have observed tree growth is not increased if construction practices compact materials before permeable pavements are installed.
Use of this technique must be part of an overall on site management system for stormwater, and is not a replacement for other techniques.
During large storm event, the water table below the porous pavement can rise to a higher level, preventing the precipitation from being absorbed into the ground.
Some additional water is stored in the open graded / crushed drain rock base, and remains until the subgrade can absorb the water.
For clay-based soils, or other low to 'non'-draining soils, it is important to increase the depth of the crushed drain rock base to allow additional capacity for the water as it waits to be infiltrated.
The best way to prevent this problem is to understand the soil infiltration rate, and design the pavement and base depths to meet the volume of water.
Since porous pavement is an infiltration practice, it should not be applied at stormwater hot spots due to the potential for groundwater contamination.
All contaminated runoff should be prevented from entering municipal storm drain systems by using best management practices (BMPs) for the specific industry or activity.
However, given the variability of products available, the growing number of existing installations in North America and targeted research by both manufacturers and user agencies, the range of accepted applications seems to be expanding.
Working examples exist at fire halls, busy retail complex parking lots, and on public and private roads, including intersections in parts of North America with quite severe winter conditions.
Permeable pavements may not be appropriate when land surrounding or draining into the pavement exceeds a 20 percent slope, where pavement is down slope from buildings or where foundations have piped drainage at their footers.
The key is to ensure that drainage from other parts of a site is intercepted and dealt with separately rather than being directed onto permeable surfaces.
Sand cannot be used for snow and ice control on porous surfaces because it will plug the pores and reduce permeability.
Furthermore, experience suggests that preventative measures with rapid drainage below porous surfaces be taken in order to increase the rate of snow melt above ground.
Using permeable paving, however, can reduce the cost of providing larger or more stormwater BMPs on site, and these savings should be factored into any cost analysis.
The City of Olympia, Washington is studying the use of pervious concrete quite closely and finding that new stormwater regulations are making it a viable alternative to storm water.
If maintenance is not carried out on a regular basis, the porous pavements can begin to function more like impervious surfaces.
With more advanced paving systems the levels of maintenance needed can be greatly decreased, elastomerically bound glass pavements requires less maintenance than regular concrete paving as the glass bound pavement has 50% more void space.
Plastic grid systems, if selected and installed correctly, are becoming more and more popular with local government maintenance personnel owing to the reduction in maintenance efforts: reduced gravel migration and weed suppression in public park settings.
Traditional permeable concrete paving bricks tend to lose their color in relatively short time which can be costly to replace or clean and is mainly due to the problem of efflorescence.
Efflorescence is a hardened crystalline deposit of salts, principally calcium carbonates, which migrate from the center of concrete or masonry materials to the surface, where they form insoluble deposits that harden on the surface.
Over time, efflorescence begins to degrade the overall appearance of masonry/concrete and may cause the surfaces to become slippery when exposed to moisture.
If left unchecked, this efflorescence will harden whereby the calcium/lime deposits begin to affect the integrity of the cementitious surface by slowly eroding away the cement paste and aggregate.
Efflorescence forms more quickly in areas that are exposed to excessive amounts of moisture, such as near pool decks, spas, and fountains or where irrigation runoff is present.
This can be of serious concern especially as a public safety issue to individuals, principals and property owners by exposing them to possible injury and increased general liability claims.
Installation of porous pavements is no more difficult than that of dense pavements, but has different specifications and procedures which must be strictly adhered to.
These systems have been used readily in Europe for over a decade, but are gaining popularity in North America due to requirements by government for many projects to meet LEED environmental building standards.
Porous asphalt is produced and placed using the same methods as conventional asphalt concrete; it differs in that fine (small) aggregates are omitted from the asphalt mixture.
Generally, porous asphalt pavements are designed with a subsurface reservoir that holds water that passes through the pavement, allowing it to evaporate and/or percolate slowly into the surround soils.
Instead, they allow water to infiltrate the top 3/4 to 1.5 inch of the pavement and then drain out to the side of the roadway.
They give an architectural appearance, and can bear both light and heavy traffic, particularly interlocking concrete pavers, excepting high-volume or high-speed roads.
Enough resin is used to allow each aggregate particle to adhere to one another and to the base yet leave voids for water to permeate through.
Resin bound paving provides a strong and durable surface that is suitable for pedestrian and vehicular traffic in applications such as pathways, driveways, car parks and access roads.
The binder, which may include color, is mixed with the decomposed granite and the mixture is moistened either before it is put in place or after.
Stabilized decomposed granite provides a strong and durable surface that is suitable for pedestrian and vehicular traffic in applications such as pathways, driveways, car parks and access roads.
Elastomerically bound recycled glass porous pavement consisting of bonding processed post-consumer glass with a mixture of resins, pigments, granite and binding agents.
Iams () is a popular brand name for dog food and cat food manufactured by Spectrum Brands in Europe and Mars, Inc worldwide.
Its products are developed by nutritionists and veterinarians and can be found in three main formulas: ProActive Health, Healthy Naturals and Premium Protection.
Paul Iams, an animal nutritionist who graduated from Ohio State University in 1938, founded The Iams Company in 1946 in a small feed mill near Dayton.
Prior to founding Iams and Eukanuba, he worked for a number of companies including his father’s feed business in Dayton, Ohio.
In 1973 during the Arab oil embargo, the costs for meat and bone meal tripled, but sale prices in the US were frozen by a nationwide wage and price control issued by then-President Richard Nixon.
After expanding the company from $100,000 revenue in 1970 to $900 million in 1999, Mathile sold it to P&G in September 1999.
In July 2006, P&G reorganized the Pet Health & Nutrition division into P&G Pet Care (consisting of the Iams and Eukanuba brands).
In its largest divestiture in five years, Procter & Gamble announced in April 2014 that it would sell its Iams, Eukanuba and Natura pet food brands in all markets except Europe to Mars, Incorporated for $2.9 billion in cash.
Mars, Inc also exercised options to acquire P&G’s pet food business in some parts of Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, including Australia, Japan and Singapore.
The drive started with 14 animal rescue organizations in San Diego and has expanded its network to more than 3,500 in 21 different countries.
In 2008 and 2009, actresses and pet adoption advocates Felicity Huffman and Hilary Swank served as the celebrity ambassadors for the IH4TH program, respectively.
In 2002, a film by animal rights organizations PETA criticized Iams for the way the company conducted animal research at external laboratories.
Iams ended its relationship with the Sinclair Research Center in 2003, stating that the filmed activity was contrary to the company's strict long-standing animal studies policies.
According to Iams, since 2006, studies have been conducted in pet owners' homes, P&G Pet Care's Pet Health & Nutrition Center, and locations where dogs and cats are already living such as assistance dog organizations.
Starting in 1982, the Gophers played their home games in the new Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and Memorial Stadium was demolished a decade later.
After 27 seasons indoors, the Gophers returned to campus in 2009 at the new TCF Bank Stadium, a block from the site of Memorial Stadium.
Opened on October 14, 1924, the stadium was dedicated to the 3,527 students, graduates, and workers who served in World War I, which had ended six years earlier.
From the 1940s onward, temporary bleachers were occasionally brought in to boost capacity to approximately 66,000, though many of the seats were far away from the field.
Memorial Stadium also served as the university's track and field venue, and was an occasional back-up venue for professional football and soccer.
In 1969, the NFL's Minnesota Vikings played a regular season game on October 5 against the Green Bay Packers at Memorial Stadium.
It was due to a conflict with a Minnesota Twins playoff game at Metropolitan Stadium, game three of the 1969 American League Championship Series the following day.
The Minnesota Kicks soccer team of the NASL played once at Memorial Stadium, a 1981 playoff game on September 6 against the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and lost 3-0.
Memorial Stadium served as the anchor for Stadium Village, a small commercial area at the southeast portion of the Twin Cities campus.
Pressured by downtown Minneapolis business interests and athletic boosters, the school elected to move out of the stadium to the new Metrodome, about away, during the spring of 1982.
Following the move, the University of Minnesota proposed a new natatorium that would extend into the field at the open end of the horseshoe and ensure that there could be no return to Memorial Stadium.
After legal challenges to halt construction of the natatorium failed, the Aquatic Center opened in 1990 and the stadium was torn down two years later.
The original brick entrance arch was preserved, and when the McNamara Alumni Center was built on the same site it was installed in the interior atrium over the entrance to a small museum.
The move to the Metrodome proved to be a dismal failure in the long run, as Gophers home games lost the charm of being on a college campus.
The Gophers had the lowest priority in scheduling, behind the Twins and Vikings, and had to move games if the Twins were in the baseball playoffs.
The university also gave up most concession and parking revenue, although their portion of the rent was the lowest of the three Metrodome tenants.
The new stadium is located about a block from where the old stadium once stood, and was designed so that the alumni center on the old site is visible through the open end of the horseshoe.
The first creation came in the Peerage of Ireland on 28 July 1642 when William Alington was made Baron Alington, of Killard in the County of Cork.
His second son, the third Baron (who succeeded in the title on the early death of his elder brother), was a Major-General in the English Army.
On 5 December 1682 he was created Baron Alington, of Wymondley in the County of Hertford, in the Peerage of England.
The title was revived on 15 January 1876 when the horse racing profile and Conservative politician Henry Sturt was made Baron Alington, of Crichel in the County of Dorset, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
He was the son of Henry Sturt, great-grandson of Humphrey Sturt by his wife Diana (through which marriage Crichel House in Dorset came into the Sturt family), daughter of Sir Nathaniel Napier, 3rd Baronet, and the Honourable Catherine, daughter of the third Baron of the 1642 creation.
In physics and probability theory, mean-field theory (aka MFT or rarely self-consistent field theory) studies the behavior of high-dimensional random (stochastic) models by studying a simpler model that approximates the original by averaging over degrees of freedom.
In MFT, the effect of all the other individuals on any given individual is approximated by a single averaged effect, thus reducing a many-body problem to a one-body problem.
The ease of solving MFT problems means that some insight into the behavior of the system can be obtained at a lower computational cost.
MFT has since been applied to a wide range of fields outside of physics, including statistical inference, graphical models, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, epidemic models, queueing theory, computer network performance and game theory, as in the Quantal response equilibrium.
The ideas first appeared in physics (statistical mechanics) in the work of Pierre Curie and Pierre Weiss to describe phase transitions.
MFT has been used in the Bragg–Williams approximation, models on Bethe lattice, Landau theory, Pierre–Weiss approximation, Flory–Huggins solution theory, and Scheutjens–Fleer theory.
Systems with many (sometimes infinite) degrees of freedom are generally hard to solve exactly or compute in closed, analytic form, except for some simple cases (e.g.
In field theory, the Hamiltonian may be expanded in terms of the magnitude of fluctuations around the mean of the field.
For example, when computing the partition function, studying the combinatorics of the interaction terms in the Hamiltonian can sometimes at best produce perturbative results or Feynman diagrams that correct the mean field approximation.
So if the field or particle exhibits many random interactions in the original system, they tend to cancel each other out so the mean effective interaction and MFT will be more accurate.
This is true in cases of high dimensionality, when the Hamiltonian includes long-range forces, or when the particles are extended (e.g.
The Ginzburg criterion is the formal expression of how fluctuations render MFT a poor approximation, often depending upon the number of spatial dimensions in the system of interest.
where formula_8 is shorthand for the degrees of freedom of the individual components of our statistical system (atoms, spins and so forth), one can consider sharpening the upper bound by minimizing the right hand side of the inequality.
Define formula_11 as the generalized sum of the observable formula_12 over the degrees of freedom of the single component (sum for discrete variables, integrals for continuous ones).
In order to minimize we take the derivative with respect to the single degree-of-freedom probabilities formula_19 using a Lagrange multiplier to ensure proper normalization.
Mean field theory can be applied to a number of physical systems so as to study phenomena such as phase transitions.
If we expand the right hand side, we obtain one term that is entirely dependent on the mean values of the spins, and independent of the spin configurations.
The summation over neighboring spins can be rewritten as formula_33 where formula_34 means 'nearest-neighbor of formula_35' and the formula_36 prefactor avoids double-counting, since each bond participates in two spins.
It is worth noting that this mean field directly depends on the number of nearest neighbors and thus on the dimension of the system (for instance, for a hypercubic lattice of dimension formula_41, formula_42).
However, this need not always be the case: in a variant of mean-field theory called dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), the mean-field becomes a time-dependent quantity.
The John Labatt Centre, which opened on October 11, 2002, was named after John Labatt, founder of the Labatt brewery in London.
Labatt still has a large brewery in London to the present day, although its head office was moved to Toronto in the early 1990s.
The John Labatt Centre's name was changed to Budweiser Gardens (after Labatt's sister brand in AB InBev) in Fall 2012, as approved by London City Council on Tuesday, June 26, 2012 with a vote of 12-3.
The centre was built, in part, to be the new downtown home of London's Ontario Hockey League team, the London Knights, replacing the 40-year-old London Ice House in the south end of the city, near Highway 401.
Originally planning to re-use the old bricks from the Talbot Inn on the northeast facade of Budweiser Gardens, the City of London suddenly had the building demolished on the morning of Sunday, June 3, 2001—without a demolition permit or delisting the Talbot Inn's facade as a designated heritage property.
The rationale cited by civic officials was that the Talbot Inn bricks were not salvageable due to their moisture content after a contractor had power-washed the paint off the bricks.
Some of the original bricks, however, were used for the interior walls of the restaurant on Budweiser Gardens second level and the rest were trucked to TRY Recycling in London where they were re-sold.
Prior to the construction of Budweiser Gardens during an archaeological assessment of the property, the skeletal remains of an infant, believed to be from the 1830s or 1840s, were found in the soil at the site.
The discovery caused an uproar and delayed construction for a few months and likely contributed to the sudden demolition of the Talbot Inn in 2001.
Budweiser Gardens is leased from the City of London by the London Civic Centre Corporation, an example of a public-private partnership.
The London Civic Centre Corporation is owned in turn by EllisDon and Global Spectrum, the Philadelphia-based subsidiary of Comcast the American cable company.
Because of this, the Philadelphia Flyers, a corporate cousin of Global Spectrum, customarily have played a preseason game at Budweiser Gardens each year.
In addition to the standard end stage configuration for large concerts, the arena can be set up to accommodate touring Broadway shows or smaller concerts in its theatre mode.
When the sports-entertainment centre was originally being planned, estimates for sports seating were as low as 6,500 and high as 12,000 before settling on the original 9,090.
It was decided due to several smaller arenas in the 4,000 to 7,000 range struggling financially and the cost on construction nearly doubling to have 12,000 or more seats.
Budweiser Gardens was built at a cost of approximately $42 million by the London, Ontario-based construction company EllisDon Corp., builders of Toronto's Rogers Centre.
The City of London contributed $32 million for arena construction and $10 million to purchase the land, while the London Civic Centre Corporation added $9.5 million to the arena's construction.
The sports-entertainment centre was originally named the John Labatt Centre, after the Labatt Brewing Company which has a production plant in London, until 2012 when their 10-year naming rights expired.
The Labatt Brewing Company had an exclusive first rights on a second deal and could change the name if they chose, which they did, to Budweiser Gardens to further promote the main brand of their sister corporation, Anheuser-Busch.
Global Spectrum, which manages the sports-entertainment centre, was selected by the City of London to choose the naming rights and they used a subsidiary called Front Row Marketing.
Proceeds from naming rights are put into the net revenue, though the exact divide of the amount going to the City of London and Global Spectrum is unknown.
Within a few years of opening, the London Knights had a championship season in 2004–05 and the centre was well positioned to take maximum advantage of the team's popularity.
Budweiser Gardens hosted the 2005 Memorial Cup, the CHL championship series which the Knights also won after winning the OHL championship.
The arena also hosted the 2014 Memorial Cup in which the Edmonton Oil Kings were champions defeating the Guelph Storm by a score of 6–3.
The arena also hosted on September 22, 2014, a NHL preseason game between the Philadelphia Flyers and the Toronto Maple Leafs.
In 2010, Budweiser Gardens was awarded as the Canadian Venue of the Year at the Canadian Music and Broadcast Industry Awards.
It was created on 28 August 1717 for John Allen, who had earlier represented County Dublin, County Carlow and County Wicklow in the Irish House of Commons.
He was made Baron Allen, of Stillorgan in the County of Dublin, at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland.
Baron Allerton, of Chapel Allerton in the West Riding of the County of Yorkshire, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
The 18 minute film was directed by Dr. Dre and Fab Five Freddy and chronicles the fictional death of Snoop Dogg and his resurrection after making a deal with the Devil.
In fact, the earliest surviving table of sine (half-chord) values (as opposed to the chords tabulated by Ptolemy and other Greek authors), calculated from the Surya Siddhantha of India dated back to the 3rd century BC, was a table of values for the sine and versed sine (in 3.75° increments from 0 to 90°).
The haversine, in particular, was important in navigation because it appears in the haversine formula, which is used to reasonably accurately compute distances on an astronomic spheroid (see issues with the earth's radius vs. sphere) given angular positions (e.g., longitude and latitude).
One could also use sin directly, but having a table of the haversine removed the need to compute squares and square roots.
The haversine continues to be used in navigation and has even found new applications in recent decades, as in Bruce D. Stark's method for clearing lunar distances utilizing Gaussian logarithms since 1995 or in a more compact method for sight reduction since 2014.
Whilst the usage of the versine, coversine and haversine as well as their inverse functions can be traced back centuries, the names for the other five cofunctions appear to be of much younger origin.
This formula was known to the Chinese mathematician Shen Kuo, and a more accurate formula also involving the sagitta was developed two centuries later by Guo Shoujing.
This usage is especially common in rail transport, where it describes measurements of the straightness of the rail tracks and it is the basis of the Hallade method for rail surveying.
The first creation came in 1623 when Christopher Villiers was created Earl of Anglesey, in Wales, as well as Baron Villiers.
He was the elder brother of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham and the younger brother of John Villiers, 1st Viscount Purbeck.
However, the Earldom and Barony became extinct on the death of his son, the second Earl, in 1661, who in 1644 had married the young widow of his cousin William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, becoming the step-father of her only child, Barbara Villiers.
The second creation came in 1661 when Arthur Annesley, 2nd Viscount Valentia, was created Earl of Anglesey, in Wales, and Baron Annesley, of Newport Pagnel in the County of Buckinghamshire.
All but the last of these, and various other family members, are believed to be buried in the crypt of St Peter's Old Parish Church, Farnborough, Hampshire - (see list of early burials).
The Wilbur Cross Parkway is a limited access road in Connecticut, comprising the portion of Route 15 between Milford and Meriden.
Commercial vehicles, trailers, towed vehicles (except as provided in Connecticut state law Section 14.298.240), buses, hearses, and large vehicles are prohibited from using the parkway.
The four-lane Wilbur Cross Parkway begins as a direct continuation of the Merritt Parkway at the Sikorsky Bridge over the Housatonic River at the town line between Milford and Stratford.
Immediately after is the exit for the Milford Parkway, which connects to the Connecticut Turnpike (I-95) and the Boston Post Road (US 1).
The only road tunnel through a natural obstacle in Connecticut, it is lighted solely using low pressure sodium vapor lamps, rare in the United States.
Reflecting its history as a toll road, two pairs of service plazas lie opposite one-another along the parkway in Orange and North Haven.
In addition to gas pumps and an Alltown convenience store at each plaza, they now include Dunkin' Donuts and Subway shops.
The Wilbur Cross Parkway was originally planned in 1937 as route from US 1 in Milford to the Massachusetts state line in Union.
The first section of the parkway to open was the Milford to Orange segment, from the Housatonic River (Exit 54) to Route 34 (Exit 57-58) at the end of 1941.
After the war, two more sections of the parkway opened: the segment from US 5 in Wallingford (Exit 66) to US 5 in Meriden (Exit 68), bypassing the city center opened in 1946; and the segment from Route 10A in Hamden (Exit 61) to US 5 in Wallingford opened in 1947.
Because the New Haven segment had not yet been completed, motorists were directed to temporarily follow Route 34, US 5, and Route 10A.
It was created in 1681 for the Honourable Altham Annesley, younger son of Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey and Elizabeth Altham, daughter and co-heiress of Sir James Altham (see Viscount Valentia for earlier history of the Annesley family).
The title was created with remainder to heirs male and in default thereof to his younger brothers and their male issue.
However, after the deposition of James II he was restored and allowed to take his seat in the Irish House of Lords in 1695.
He was succeeded by his son, Arthur, the fourth Baron, whose son and rightful heir James Annesley was overlooked for the succession by his uncle, Richard Anglesey, the fifth Baron Altham and later sixth Earl of Anglesey.
They are located in Southeast Asia, 150 km north of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea.
Located 1,300 km southeast of the Indian subcontinent, across the Bay of Bengal, they form part of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Indira Point () is the southernmost point of Great Nicobar Island and also of India itself, lying about 150 km north of Sumatra, Indonesia.
The collision lifted the Himalayas and most of the Indonesian islands, and created a long arc of highlands and islands, which includes the Arakan Yoma range of Burma, the Andaman and Nicobar islands, and the islands off the west coast of Sumatra, including the Banyak Islands and Mentawai Islands.
The vegetation of the Nicobars is typically divided into the coastal mangrove forests and the interior evergreen and deciduous tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests.
As a result of lower sea levels during the ice ages, the Andaman Islands were linked to the Southeast Asian mainland, but it is not believed that the Nicobar Islands ever had a land bridge to the continent.
Lower sea levels did link the islands to one another: Great Nicobar and Little Nicobar were linked to each other, and Nancowry, Chaura, Katchall, Trinka, Camorta, and the nearby smaller islands were linked to one another as well.
Six indigenous Nicobarese languages are spoken on the islands, which are part of the Austroasiatic language family, which includes Mon, Khmer and Vietnamese languages of Southeast Asia, and the Munda languages of India.
An indigenous tribe living at the southern tip of Great Nicobar, called the Shompen, may be of Mesolithic Southeast Asian origin.
During this time they were administrated from Tranquebar (in continental Danish India) administrated under the name of Frederiksøerne; missionaries from the Moravian Church Brethren's settlement in Tranquebar attempted a settlement on Nancowry and died in great numbers from disease; the islands were repeatedly abandoned due to outbreaks of malaria: 1784–1807/09, 1830–1834 and finally from 1848 gradually for good.
Between 1778 and 1783, William Bolts attempted to establish an Austrian colony on the islands on the mistaken assumption that Denmark–Norway had abandoned its claims to the islands.
The Italian Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Luigi Torelli started a negotiation that looked promising, but failed due to the unexpected end of his office and the .
Denmark's presence in the islands ended formally on 16 October 1868 when it sold the rights to the Nicobar Islands to Britain, which in 1869 made them part of British India.
On 26 December 2004, the coast of the Nicobar Islands was devastated by a 10–15 m high tsunami following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
At least 6,000 people were killed on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands with reports putting the death toll on Katchal Island alone at 4,600.
Several islands were heavily damaged with initial reports of islands broken in two or three pieces and coral reefs moved above water.
The Pan-Pacific Auditorium, was a landmark structure in the Fairfax District of Los Angeles, California, once stood near the site of Gilmore Field, an early Los Angeles baseball venue predating Dodger Stadium.
It was located within sight of both CBS Television City on the southeast corner of Beverly and Fairfax Avenue and the Farmers Market on the northeast corner of Third Street and Fairfax.
In 1978 the Pan-Pacific Auditorium was included in the National Register of Historic Places, but 11 years later the sprawling wooden structure was destroyed in a fire.
Built by event promoters Phillip and Cliff Henderson and designed by Los Angeles architects Wurdeman & Becket, the Pan-Pacific Auditorium opened to a fanfare of Boy Scout bugles on May 18, 1935 for a 16-day model home exhibition.
Noted as one of the finest examples of Streamline Moderne architecture in the United States, the green and white facade faced west, was long and had four stylized towers and flagpoles meant to evoke upswept aircraft fins.
Throughout the following 30 years the Pan-Pacific would host the Ice Capades and the Harlem Globetrotters, serve as home to the Los Angeles Monarchs of the Pacific Coast Hockey League along with UCLA ice hockey, UCLA men's basketball, USC men's basketball, professional tennis, car shows, political rallies and circuses.
The building carried on as Los Angeles' primary indoor venue until the 1972 opening of the much larger Los Angeles Convention Center, after which the Pan-Pacific Auditorium was closed.
There were hopes throughout the surrounding Fairfax District towards refurbishing the Pan-Pacific, possibly as an ice rink or cultural center and the parking lot soon became a park.
On the evening of May 24, 1989 (six days after the 54th anniversary of its opening), the Pan-Pacific Auditorium was destroyed by a fire, the smoke from which was visible throughout the Los Angeles basin.
The site is now Pan-Pacific Park and has a recreation center, with a scaled-down replica of one of the famous towers, which opened in 2002.
The 1984 motion picture , in which a deep-frozen 400-year-old samurai is shipped to Los Angeles, where he comes back to life, includes scenes of both the seriously decayed facade and the dimly lit interior.
A nearly full-scale, stylized replica of the facade opened as the main entrance to Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida on May 1, 1989, just three weeks before the original was destroyed by fire.
Disney California Adventure Park, at the Disneyland Resort, opened new entrance gates in the style of the Pan-Pacific's facade on July 15, 2011.
The tunnel, which opened in 1970, was built by the Burlington Northern Railroad as part of a new bypass of part of the existing route that had to be abandoned due to changes caused by the construction of Libby Dam.
Fans and a door at the east portal are used to ventilate the tunnel and clear it of diesel locomotive exhaust.
It was created on 22 May 1801 for Sir Richard Arden, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and former Master of the Rolls.
The title became extinct on the death of his second son, the third Baron (who had succeeded his elder brother), in 1857.
It is considered to be the most densely connected structure in the brain allowing for integration of various cortical inputs (ex.
The claustrum is difficult to study given the limited number of individuals with claustral lesions and the poor resolution of neuroimaging.
Five cell types exist and a majority of these cells resemble pyramidal neurons found in the cortex Within the claustrum, there is no organization of cell types compared to the cortex and the somas of the cells can be a pyramidal, fusiform or circular shape.
The claustrum usually connects to the cortex in an ipsilateral manner; however, the few that travel contralaterally are considerably weaker than the former.
One of the proposed functions of the claustrum is to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information so that the latter can be ignored.
Due to the claustrum's widespread connectivity to these areas, it is suggested that it may play a role in both attention and consciousness.
The neural networks that mediate sustained attention and consciousness implicate numerous cortical areas, many of which overlap in connectivity with the claustrum.
The claustrum is a small bilateral gray matter structure (comprising roughly 0.25% of the cerebral cortex) located deep to the insular cortex and extreme capsule, and superficial to the external capsule and basal ganglia.
Although the regional neuroanatomical boundaries of the claustrum have been defined, there remains a lack of consensus in the literature when defining its precise margins.
However, recent work has suggested that this mysterious structure is present in all mammals, with extensive connections to cortical and subcortical regions.
More specifically, electrophysiological studies show extensive connections to thalamic nuclei and the basal ganglia, while isotopological reports have linked the claustrum with the prefrontal, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices.
Structures such as the corona radiata, occipital-frontal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus project to the claustrum from frontal, pericentral, parietal and occipital regions.
Altogether, these findings leave the claustrum as the most highly connected structure per regional volume in the brain and suggest that it may serve as a hub to coordinate activity of cerebral circuits.
Interestingly, even with this extensive connectivity, most projections to and from the claustrum are ipsilateral (although there are still contralateral projections), and little evidence exists to describe its afferent or efferent connections with the brainstem and spinal cord.
In summary, the cortical and subcortical connectivity of the claustrum implies that it is most involved with processing sensory information, as well as the physical and emotional state of an animal.
This focus on peripheral sensory system is not an isolated occurrence, as most sensory afferents entering the claustrum bring peripheral sensory information.
For example, there is a retinotopic organization within the visual processing area of the claustrum that mirrors that of visual association cortices and V1, in a similar (yet less complicated) manner to the retinotopic conservation within the lateral geniculate nucleus.
Five types of cells exist and the majority of these cells are structurally similar to pyramidal neurons found in the cortex.
These cells receive inputs from the cortex, and their axons will then leave in a medial or lateral fashion and send reciprocal projections back to the cortex.
Finally, many studies show that the claustrum is best distinguished structurally by its prominent plexus of parvalbumin-positive fibers formed by local interneurons.
The claustrum has been shown to have widespread activity to numerous cortical components, all of which have been associated with having components of consciousness and sustained attention.
Crick and Koch suggest that the claustrum has a role similar to that of a conductor within an orchestra as it attempts to co-ordinate the function of all connections.
The claustrum, in order to facilitate consciousness, would need to integrate various sensory and motor modalities from various parts of the cortex.
An fMRI scan looks at oxygenated blood levels in the brain as a way of observing the activity of specific cortical areas.
fMRI scans show dampened activity when anesthetized versus awake in rats, specifically claustrum connections to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the mediodorsol thalamus (MD thalamus).
The claustrum is situated anatomically at the confluence of a large number of white-matter tracts used to connected different parts of the cortex.
Gap junctions have been shown to exist between aspiny interneurons of the claustrum – suggesting a role in its ability to synchronize these modalities as input is received.
The claustrum has regional specificity to it; information coming in from visual centers project to specific areas of grey matter neurons in the structure and the auditory cortex.
rats), claustral regions receive input from somatosensory modalities, such as whiskers' motor control perspective because of its sensory and discriminatory use in these mammals.
Attention itself has been considered as top-down processing or bottom-up processing; both fit contextually with what is observed in the claustrum structurally and functionally, supporting the notion that interactions occur with high-order sensory areas involved in encoding objects and features.
It has been reported that the claustrum has a basal frequency firing that is modulated to increase or decrease with directed attention.
For example, projections to motor and occulomotor areas would assist with gaze movement to direct attention to new stimuli by increasing the firing frequency of claustral neurons.
Furthermore, MRI studies have shown that increased signal intensity with the claustrum has been associated with status epilepticus – a condition in which epileptic seizures follow one another without recovery of consciousness in-between events.
As well, increased signal intensity is associated with Focal dyscognitive seizures, which are seizures that elicit impairment of awareness or consciousness without convulsions.
The individual becomes unaware of his or her environment, and the seizure will manifest as a blank or empty stare for a window of time.
Using an operant conditioning task combined with HFS of the claustrum resulted in significant behavioural changes of rats; this included modulated motor responses, inactivity and decreased responsiveness.
Beyond this, studies have also shown that the claustrum is active during REM sleep, alongside other structures such as the dentate gyrus.
Consciousness functionally can be divided into two components: (i) wakefulness, which is arousal and alertness; (ii) content of consciousness, which is the processing of content.
In a single case-study, consciousness was shown to be disrupted when there was stimulation to the extreme capsule of the brain – is in close proximity to the claustrum – such that upon termination of stimulation, consciousness was regained.
Another study looking at the symptomology of schizophrenia established that the severity of delusions was associated with decreased grey matter volume of the left claustrum; postulating that correlations exist between the structure and positive symptoms seen in this psychiatric disorder.
Further supporting this correlation between schizophrenia and the claustrum is that there is an increase in white matter volume entering the claustrum.
Inverse correlations between grey matter volume, and severity of hallucinations in the context of auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia has been supported.
As well, to see the total loss of function of the claustrum, lesions to both claustrums on each hemisphere would need to occur.
Damage to the claustrum can lead to various common diseases or mental disorders; delayed development of the structure leads to autism.
The claustrum may be involved in schizophrenia as findings show an increase in positive symptoms, such as delusions, when the grey matter volume of the left claustrum and right insula is decreased.
The claustrum is also seen to play a role in epilepsy; MRIs have found increased claustral signal intensity in those that have been diagnosed with epilepsy.
In certain cases, seizures tend to appear to originate from the claustrum when they are involved in early kainic acid induced seizures.
A single case-study showed that consciousness was disrupted when the area between the insula and claustrum was electrically stimulated; consciousness was regained when stimulation stopped.
Patients that had a lesion in their left claustrum were more likely to experience a loss of consciousness compared to those that presented with lesions outside of the claustrum.
A team of investigators led by neuroscientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has identified the claustrum as the likely origin of parkinsonism across different conditions.
The team used a novel methodology called lesion network mapping to discover the origins of parkinsonism in 29 patients whose symptoms were not the result of Parkinson’s disease but rather attributed to a brain lesion – an abnormality or injury to the brain visible on brain imaging.
The mapping of the 29 lesions – which were located in different regions of the brain – revealed that connectivity to the claustrum was the single most sensitive and specific marker of lesion-induced parkinsonism.
In animals, through tract tracing, findings have shown that the claustrum has extensive connections throughout the cortex with sensory and motor regions along with the hippocampus.
Cells in the V1 are part of layer 6, which different from cells that go to the lateral geniculate nucleus; these cells use glutamate as their neurotransmitter.
The cat claustrum has 3 defined zones: (1) the anterior dorsal zone, which connects to the motor and somatosensory cortex, (2) the posterior dorsal zone that has connections to the visual cortex and (3) a third zone that is ventral to visual one and connects to the auditory areas.
These loops are retinotopical, meaning that regions getting visual input are responsible for the same region in the visual field as the area of the cortex that projects to the claustrum.
The visual claustrum is a single map of contralateral visual hemifield, receiving information based on motion in the visual field's periphery and has no real selectivity.
The sensory barrel cortex and primary visual cortex also receive input from the ipsilateral claustrum but send very few projection back to the claustrum.
These local networks suggest to synchronize activity of claustrocortical projections to therefore influence brain rhythms and co-ordinated activity of different cortical brain regions.
Interestingly although claustrocortical input to visual cortical areas were engaged, the strongest responses measured were in higher-order regions of the cortex, this included the anterior cingulate cortex which is densely innervated by claustral projection.
The relationship between animal's movement and how neurons in the dorsocaudal claustrum behaves are as follows: 70% of movement neurons are non-selective and can fire to do any push, pulls or turn movements in the forelimb, the rest were more discerning and did only one of the three movements listed above.
Sunrise Studios produced a 26-episode anime adaptation that was directed by Mitsuru Hongo and aired on the Japanese station TV Tokyo in early 1998.
The animated series has since been translated and broadcast worldwide.</onlyinclude> This includes an English version from Bandai Entertainment that received an edited airing on the North American Cartoon Network blocks Toonami in early 2001 and later on Adult Swim in early 2002.
However, some found fault with the show's pacing, believing that the storyline quality begins to wane after the first few episodes.
As new colonies were formed throughout the vast reaches of outer space, pirates, assassins, and outlaws began to threaten humanity's new frontier.
Hilda reveals that the ship's true purpose is to locate the , a place which popular claims say is a holder of immense treasure, knowledge, and power.
The anime episodes often involve Gene and his comrades taking on various jobs or missions to fund their ship's massive maintenance costs.
Throughout their travels, the crew often encounters Ronald MacDougall and Harry MacDougall, a pair of bounty hunters responsible for the death of Gene's father.
Ronald acts as a rival to Gene, while Harry wishes to form a bond with Melfina, a bio-android like himself, who instead develops strong feelings for Gene.
They are Nguyen Khan, a scientist wishing to gain omniscience through the Leyline; and Lord Hazanko, the leader of the ruthless assassin organization the Anten Seven that seek the Leyline to gain ultimate power.
In the end, Ron MacDougall retreats, saved by a computer copy of his brother Harry (who is killed trying to protect Melfina from Hazanko), Khan is integrated into the Leyline as data, Gene reveals to Melfina that he is in love with her and frees her from the Leyline by making it their shared wish to be together forever, and Hazanko is eventually defeated by the Outlaw Star crewmembers.
Once the conflict comes to a close, Gene and his friends return to Sentinel III and go their separate ways, but ultimately reunite to continue their adventures together.
Others who contributed to the work include producer Kenzoh Tomita; starship designer Shoji Kawamori; character concept and imageboard illustrators Yutaka Minowa and Hajime Jinguji; and a team of production designers and assistant artists.
Itō and Sunrise agreed that the theme should be one that had not been used in a recent animation and that it should feature male vocals.
Profanity was removed, scenes with violence and lewd behavior were cut or toned down, and many scenes containing nudity were altered by digitally inserting clothing onto characters.
Episode 23, in which the Outlaw Star crew visits a hot spring planet, was not aired due to nudity and suggestive themes.
However, the broadcast was cancelled late in the year and (according to Akins) the network allowed its rights to the anime to expire by 2003.
Bandai released the series in North America in three DVD collections on September 1, 2000, February 14, 2001, and March 6, 2001.
In October 2014, the entire series was released in Japan for the first time on Blu-Ray, with the set including such features as staff commentary, an art gallery board, book breaks of Gene and Melfina, and various songs.
Each edition includes a DVD and Blu-ray copy of the series, while the Collector's Edition comes in a metallic chipboard artbox designed after the XGP-15A2 and includes a 100-page artbook.
Following Funimation's acquisition of the series, it aired again on Cartoon Network as part of Adult Swim on the Toonami programming block starting on Saturday August 19, 2017 and concluding on March 17, 2018.
Due to its late night broadcast on Adult Swim, the anime was aired with much fewer edits and included the TV premiere of episode 23.
The two books are an adaptation of the anime series, retelling the early events that trigger Gene and company's search for the Galactic Leyline.
Another light novel, , was written by Miho Sakai, illustrated by Takuya Saitou, and released as a single volume on July 14, 2000.
The novel features an original plot involving the Outlaw Star crew pursuing a serial killer named Billy McAglen in a mining town called El Dorado.
Asako Nishida, one of the show's animation directors, compiled her contributions to the Toward Stars Era franchise in a 2009 art book.
Upatkoon found the artwork of the anime version to be good, and he particularly enjoyed the opening sequence, but took issue with the occasionally inconsistent character designs.
He also appreciated the show's dichotomy between serious and humorous subject matter, shown by the titular ship in its grappler mode and how it communicates with the crew.
However, Dawe did regard the English script writing and voice acting, and called the over-the-top introductory narration for each episode a reminder that the show should be enjoyed for what it was.
Owens commented that the plot will not seem very original, but that it does seem to have direction, despite said direction not being very clear.
Due to the lack of the franchise's popularity in Japan and the busy schedule of animation director Mitsuru Hongo, no production date was set.
In October 2001, Takehiko Itō commented that his team only had static, preliminary plans for the sequel series and that they could perhaps continue the manga series in the future.
They are one of the most successful teams in the history of British basketball, second only to Newcastle Eagles, and dominated the domestic scene throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.
The franchise was established in 1991 when the team, then called the Sheffield Forgers in reference to the city's history as a major steel producer, were admitted to National Basketball League Division 2.
After two seasons competing in the division, with an overall 26–16 record, the Forgers were crowned Champions in 1993 and promoted to NBL Division 1.
Their stay in the First Division did not last long, and although they finished in 4th position with a 10–8 record, the Forgers were admitted to the professional top-tier British Basketball League to replace the withdrawing Guildford Kings.
On court, the team dominated the league in its rookie season, and with a 29–7 league record, marched on to take the BBL League Championship and National Cup with an incredible 89–66 victory in the final against Thames Valley Tigers.
The Sharks also missed out on the Play-off final following a 72–84 loss to Worthing Bears in the Final Four, despite this the Sheffield team still enjoyed a phenomenal debut season.
In 1995, the 1995 McDonald's Championship came to London and the Sharks were entered as the host team, mixing with the elite of world basketball including the NBA's Houston Rockets, Spanish League giants Real Madrid and Bologna of the Italian League amongst others.
After knocking out Luxembourg-based team Residence Helmsange in the Qualifying round, the Sharks were then eliminated in the First Round by Real Madrid after a 57–67 defeat in Sheffield and a 75–78 defeat in Madrid.
As a result of losing, Sheffield were then placed in the Third Round of the less glamorous European Cup, where they were subsequently knocked out by Belgian League club Oostende Basket, thus ending their European adventure.
On the domestic scene, the Sharks could not repeat the highs of their previous season, finishing as Runners-up in the League Championship (30–6) to London Towers, and losing the final of the National Cup 58–70 also to the dominating Towers.
The Sharks again reached the BBL Cup final in 1996 and 1997, finishing second then third in the Championship, and their next piece of silverware was the 1998 BBL Trophy.
They claimed their second BBL Cup and Championship double in 1999, with Terrell Myers picked as League MVP, before successfully defending the Cup in 2000 after reaching their fifth Cup final in six years.
It was during the most successful period of the clubs’ history that owners Chrysalis Group decided to sell off their majority stake.
After running into off-court financial difficulties and on the brink of a wind-up order from the BBL, the franchise was acquired by Montgomery Leisure Services Ltd in 2001, the same year that a first Play-off final appearance was secured in after topping the Championship.
However it was Leicester Riders who triumphed 84–75, and the Sharks were beaten again in the play-off final the following year, 93–82 by Cheshire Jets.
The Sharks claimed their third Championship in five years in 2003 and although they failed to reach the play-off final, they got there the following year after a second-placed league finish.
It was the Sharks' third play-off final in four years and a case of third time lucky as they beat Cheshire 86–74.
In the 2009–2010 season, Sheffield won the BBL Cup for the first time in six years beating the Cheshire Jets 89–86.
During the 2010–2011 season, they successfully defended their cup victory by beating the Mersey Tigers 93–66 and also made it to the final of the Play Offs but were beaten out by Mersey Tigers 79–74.
In the 2012–2013 season, the Sharks won the BBL Trophy for the first time in 15 years beating the Leicester Riders 71–69.
This time however, for the first time in 12 years the Sharks in the Final of the Play-offs on 8 May 2016, beat Leicester Riders 84–77.
The One-Tonne Challenge was a challenge presented by the Government of Canada in March 2004 for Canadians to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by one tonne each year.
The figure represented 20% of total greenhouse gas output by Canadians at the time and aimed to help the country reach its Kyoto Protocol emission reduction targets.
The Liberal Government under Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin approved over $45 million to fund the program from 2003 to 2006.
He was made Viscount Holmesdale, in the County of Kent, at the same time, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
In 1776, he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baron Amherst, of Holmesdale in the County of Kent, with normal remainder to heirs male of his body.
In 1788, he was created Baron Amherst, of Montreal in the County of Kent, also in the Peerage of Great Britain, with special remainder to his nephew William Pitt Amherst and the heirs male of his body.
The 1776 barony became extinct on his death in 1797, while he was succeeded in the 1778 barony as second Baron according to the special remainder by his nephew, William Amherst, who later was elevated to an earldom in 1826.
The first Earl was succeeded in 1857, by his second but eldest surviving son, the second Earl, who prior to his ennoblement had represented East Grinstead in the House of Commons.
He was a soldier and politician, who in 1880 had been summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Amherst.
In 1651 he was named as one of a party of six sent to Newfoundland to arrest Sir David Kirke who had been accused of withholding taxes collected on behalf of the crown and otherwise violating the royal charter which granted him the governorship of Newfoundland.
He remained after the arrest of Kirke and was named governor by the English government and given authority over both migratory fisherman and colonists and ordered to fortify the colony.
John Treworgie was the son of James Treworgie (or Treworgy), the son-in-law of Alexander Shapleigh, a Devonshire merchant and fisheries owner who founded Kittery, Maine.
In 1654 Treworgie and two other commissioners were arrested for illegally taking possession of David Kirke's property and was found guilty.
In 1660, he asked for another term as governor but the legal conflict between Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore and the Kirke family over ownership of Newfoundland complicated matters and it is unlikely Treworgie ever returned to the island.
He signed a recording contract with Columbia Records in 1965 and subsequently recorded numerous albums and singles, most of them containing romantic ballads.
He sang the unofficial Indiana anthem almost every year from 1972 to 2014, except for occasional absences due to illness or scheduling conflicts.
After graduating, he moved to New York City, where he worked as a typist for the United Nations; after a year, he moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he got his first job in the television industry as a film cutter.
Though the show lasted only one season, Nabors was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host or Hostess in a Talk, Service or Variety Series.
The disease caused liver failure, and Nabors was given a dim prognosis; however, his friend Carol Burnett made an arrangement with the transplant division of University of California, Los Angeles, and secured Nabors a transplant.
The production, featuring local and national artists, ran for 40 performances and was directed by Tom Hansen until Hansen's death in 2006.
In March 2014, Nabors announced that the 2014 Indianapolis 500 would be his final appearance, because health issues were limiting his ability to travel.
For 25 years, he owned a macadamia plantation on Maui before selling it to the National Tropical Botanical Garden, a conservationist organization, though he still retained farming rights to the land and owned a second home on the property.
On January 15, 2013, Nabors married his partner of 38 years, Stan Cadwallader, at the Fairmont Olympic Hotel in Seattle, Washington, a month after same-sex marriage became legal in Washington.
Although Nabors’ homosexuality was not widely known before this, it was not completely secret; for instance, Nabors brought his then-boyfriend Cadwallader along to his Indy 500 performance in 1978.
Not only was same-sex marriage not yet legal anywhere in the United States at the time, but the two gay actors were reportedly never more than casual friends.
The rumor was spread by those who failed to get the joke, and because Nabors was still closeted at the time and Hudson never publicly admitted to being homosexual (despite longtime suspicion that he was), the two reportedly never spoke to each other again.
These ferns are characterized by root steles having 3–5 protoxylem poles and antheridia with 6–12 narrow, twisted or curved cells in their walls.
Otherwise, their habitus is highly diverse, including plants with the typical fern fronds, others whose leaves resemble those of palm trees, and yet others again which have undivided leaves.
(2011), intended for compatibility with the classification of Chase and Reveal (2009) which placed all land plants in Equisetopsida, reclassified Smith's Polypodiopsida as subclass Polypodiidae and placed the Gleicheniales there.
The circumscription of the order and its families was not changed, and that circumscription and placement in Polypodiidae has subsequently been followed in the classifications of Christenhusz and Chase (2014) and PPG I (2016).
In historical treatments, the order has sometimes been treated as a subclass Gleicheniatae of the Pteridopsida, with the taxa treated as families here upranked to orders, so that a distinct subclass can be established for the leptosporangiate ferns.
But the ferns in the loose sense are much too diverse a group to be shoehorned into one taxon at such a low rank.
The A- and B-class destroyers were a group of 18 destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the late 1920s, with two additional ships built for the Royal Canadian Navy.
The initial staff requirements were unrealistic and would have resulted in a much larger, unaffordable ship; they were scaled back, both to reduce the size of the ship and to save money.
Nonetheless, the design had an improved gun armament, heavier torpedo armament, and greater range, at the cost of of speed, in comparison with the prototypes.
The As were fitted with the Two-Speed Destroyer Sweep (TSDS) minesweeping gear and only had a residual anti-submarine ability while the Bs were equipped with Type 119 ASDIC (sonar) and had a full complement of depth charges, but could not use the TSDS.
The destroyers were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three water-tube boilers equipped with superheaters.
Her specific fuel consumption was reduced from /hp/hour in her sisters to /hp/hour, although she was plagued by mechanical problems for her whole life.
In the event the trials were inconclusive, and the Admiralty continued to use the lower-temperature and pressure Admiralty three-drum boiler until the of 1942, nearly ten years after other major navies began to use higher-pressure and temperature boilers.
All of the ships had the same main armament, four quick-firing (QF) Mark IX guns in single mounts with enlarged gun shields, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear.
Although the A class were intended to be equipped with gun mounts that could elevate up to 40°, and 'B' gun on a high-angle mount capable of 60°, all four guns ultimately had a maximum elevation of 30°.
For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, the A- and B-class ships carried two QF two-pounder Mark II AA guns mounted on platforms between the funnels, each with 500 rounds.
The A-class ships were initially going to be fitted with two throwers and four chutes for eight depth charges, but they interfered with the TSDS equipment so the throwers, one chute and two depth charges were removed.
While not initially fitted with ASDIC, space was reserved for it, and at least some of the As received it beginning in the late 1930s.
A pedestal-mounted, manually operated Destroyer Director Sight and a separate rangefinder positioned to its rear were situated above the bridge; the director transmitted training angles and firing impulses to the main guns, which fired at fixed elevations.
No fire-control computer was initially installed, but an Admiralty Fire Control Clock Mark II was retrofitted after it had been proven in the subsequent C-class destroyers.
The two Canadian ships were designed to be of a similar performance to the A-class ships to allow them to tactically combine.
More flare was given to the bow to keep it drier and the forward part of the hull was strengthened to withstand ice.
Their metacentric height was increased to allow for the build-up of ice and snow on the upperworks and they were shorter than their British counterparts.
Although the ships had an additional of fuel, fewer horsepower and lacked superheaters for their boilers, they had the same range and speed as their brethren of the A and B classes.
The ships were built by John I. Thornycroft & Company in Woolston, Hampshire and had the broad, slab-sided funnels characteristic of that builder.
was built to an enlarged design to accommodate the commander of the destroyer flotilla (Captain (D)) and his staff, some 47 additional officers and ratings.
The ship displaced roughly more than the private ships ( at standard load and at deep load); she was longer overall and had a beam wider.
She shipped a fifth 4.7-inch gun between the funnels, which forced the two-pounders to be repositioned abaft the rear funnel, and was not fitted with TSDS.
However, the increased length made her somewhat unhandy, having a turning circle much greater than the standard A class, which complicated manoeuvres with her flotilla.
The initial proposal was to enlarge the aft deckhouse to make room for the Captain (D) and his staff at the expense of 'Y' gun and the TSDS gear, but the gun was reinstated while she was under construction.
The initial wartime modifications were limited and mostly related to the survivability of the crew, aside from the addition of 50 rounds per gun of 4.7-inch ammunition and the increase of depth charge stowage to 42 (the Canadian ships carried 33).
Beginning in May 1940, the after bank of torpedo tubes was removed in most ships and replaced with a QF 20-cwt anti-aircraft gun, the after mast and funnel being cut down to improve the gun's field of fire.
Beginning in 1941, most ships had 'Y' gun and the TSDS gear replaced by racks and throwers for a pattern of 10 depth charges, with stowage increased to 70 charges.
Their light AA armament was augmented by a pair of QF Oerlikon guns, one each abreast the bridge, and a Type 286 short-range, surface-search radar, adapted from the Royal Air Force's ASV radar, was also added.
The Canadian ships replaced their two-pounders with a pair of quadruple machine guns and were not fitted with Oerlikons by 1942.
Beginning in 1943, the three-inch gun was removed to allow for the installation of a Huff-Duff radio direction finder on a short mainmast; the aft torpedo tubes were sometimes reinstalled.
The single 20 mm guns abreast the bridge were replaced by Mark V powered mountings for twin weapons later in the war, the singles replacing the two-pounder or .50 caliber guns amidships, with a further pair of Oerlikons that replaced the searchlight between the torpedo tubes.
The class saw much service in the Second World War, being involved in convoy protection and anti-submarine warfare in home waters and the North Atlantic.
was so badly damaged when the ammunition ship blew up on 4 August 1943 at Algiers that she could not be repaired and was towed to Taranto and paid off.
Although it did not fare very well at the box office, grossing $1,829,804 with its limited theatrical release to 20 movie theaters, the film received favorable word-of-mouth, and became a success on cable and video in the mid-1990s.
At a local hangout, she first meets Ivy, a street-smart but poor, and trashy girl, and witnesses Ivy mercy-killing a heavily wounded dog.
In their second meeting, when Sylvie's father Darryl comes to pick her up, Ivy asks for a ride, and Darryl reluctantly agrees.
She puts her feet on the dashboard and deliberately allows her mini-skirt to fall back onto her hip, revealing her legs, which Darryl notices.
They meet Sylvie's sickly mother, Georgie, whom Ivy later wins over by talking about her scholarship and helping her unblock her oxygen tank.
In an attempt to improve his failing career, Darryl decides to throw a party at his house, and enlists Sylvie to help him.
However, Sylvie is needed at work on the night of the party, which is orchestrated by Ivy so that she will be the one to assist Darryl.
Ivy sits on the bed next to Georgie and begins to massage Darryl with her foot while he kisses her legs.
Sylvie becomes increasingly irritated with Ivy for her growing presence in her family, and her anger reaches a breaking point when even her dog chooses Ivy over her, which in fact is because Ivy has some dog treats in her pockets.
When Sylvie becomes suspicious of her involvement in Georgie's death, Ivy crashes the car, then moves the unconscious Sylvie into the driver's seat.
As Darryl runs outside to look for Sylvie, Ivy runs out after him, accidentally revealing that she was behind the wheel due to scarring on her chest.
He drives off to find Sylvie and Ivy goes up to Georgie's old room, plays the tape Sylvie made for Georgie, wears Georgie's robe and walks out the balcony.
Sylvie sees Ivy and, because of her head injury, believes that it is her mother, and makes her way to the balcony.
New Line then wanted Shea to revive the character for sequels which the director did not want to do; Shea now says she regrets the decision.
Shea says that she never regarded Ivy as villainous, but rather as a tragic character who just wants to be loved.
The film debuted at the Sundance Film Festival and proved very controversial, in part because it was made by a female director.
I'm out to prove it's possible to make a film that's really artistic, that's an honest expression that comes from me and that can still be commercial.
Meanwhile, Delenn brings Dr. Franklin to attend to a Minbari Ranger, injured while trying to get back to the station with key information.
The Minbari reports that among the Non-Aligned worlds, the Shadows have engaged them in local civil and interplanetary wars, all creating discourse and chaos among the galaxy.
Delenn decides she must go see the Grey Council, regardless if they will listen to her, to warn about the situation.
As they discuss matters, word arrives that President Clark has ordered the bombing of the Mars colony who has resisted the martial law order.
The news network ISN, which has been reluctant to broadcast any material critical of Clark, decides to report on the secession of the Proxima III and Orion VII colonies from the Earth Alliance in the wake of the Mars bombing.
She barges into their chambers and instead speaks to them, warning them that all of their prophecies have come to pass.
While she knows the warrior caste will refuse to help, she has the power with the help of the worker and religious caste.
She is the former director of the San Francisco Poetry in the Schools program and the Bay Area's Storytellers in the Schools program.
She has undergone theater training, studied anthropology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and traveled with student peace groups to Soviet Russia and revolutionary China in the 1950s.
In Cuba, in 1968, she met Salvadorean exiled poet Roque Dalton and they co-authored a TV drama about the folkloric Dalton Gang and saw it produced on Cuban television.
She also wrote and produced film scripts (What Is to Be Done/Que Hacer?, After the Earthquake/Despues del terremoto, Back from Nicaragua).
Serrano served as an Alameda County Arts Commissioner, and is a former director of San Francisco's Poetry in the Schools program.
She was a co-founder of the Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts in San Francisco's Mission District, where she is still actively involved.
The Cascade Tunnel refers to two railroad tunnels (original and its replacement) in the northwest United States, east of the Seattle metropolitan area in the Cascade Range of Washington, at Stevens Pass.
It is approximately east of Everett, with both portals adjacent to Both single-track tunnels were constructed by the Great Northern Railway.
The first was in length and opened in 1900 to avoid problems caused by heavy winter snowfalls on the original line that had eight zig zags (switchbacks).
The current tunnel is in length and entered service in early approximately south of and lower in elevation than the original.
The tunnel connects Berne in Chelan County on its east with Scenic Hot Springs in King County on its west and is the longest railroad tunnel in the United States.
John Frank Stevens was the principal engineer on the interim switchback route (opened in 1893, with grades up to 4 percent) and the first Cascade Tunnel.
Because of the steepness of the line, the locomotives had to pull hard to make the grade and thus burn more coal, which would lead to immense smoke in the bore.
The unusual system used was three-phase AC, 6600 volts at 25 Hz, from a 5 MW hydroelectric plant on the Wenatchee River just west of Leavenworth.
The tunnel section only was electrified; 4.0 route miles (6.4 km) or 6.0 track miles (9.6 km) and 1.7 percent grade through the tunnel.
The motive power for the section consisted of four GN boxcab locomotives supplied by the American Locomotive Company; they used electrical equipment from General Electric and were of 1500 hp and weighed each..
Initially three locomotives were coupled together and hauled trains at a constant speed of , but when larger trains required four locomotives the motors were concatenated (cascade control), so that the speed was halved to to avoid overloading the power supply.
During the winter of 2007–2008, a section of the roof caved in and created a debris dam inside the tunnel, making it impassable to pedestrians due to standing water and ceiling debris.
A warning was issued to stay clear of the western side of the old tunnel for a distance of one-half mile for the indeterminate future.
The new tunnel was started in December 1925, and was built in just over three years by A. Guthrie of St. Paul, Minnesota; the aim was to finish by the winter of 1928–1929 so that further maintenance on deteriorating snow sheds could be avoided.
The new locomotives had a motor-generator supplying DC traction motors, and the single-phase AC supply required only one instead of two overhead conductors.
Hence, the Great Northern re-electrified 21 miles of the original route at single-phase (11 kV, 25 Hz) AC, including 8 miles that were subsequently abandoned upon completion of the new tunnel, and used steam locomotives on the short remaining stretches of the old line.
On March 5, 1927, the three-phase electrification was abandoned, and the new locomotives were placed in service between Skykomish and the east portal of the old tunnel; the time was reduced from 4 hours for a 2500-ton eastbound train to 1 hour 45 minutes for a 3500-ton train.
Furthermore, for the first time regenerated power could be used by another train or fed back to the utility company (power from regenerative braking was previously dissipated in a water rheostat at the power station).
It was the longest railroad tunnel in the Americas until 1989, when the Mount Macdonald Tunnel in British Columbia was completed, moving the Cascade into second place.
On April 4, 1996 an eastbound freight train broke through the doors at the east portal after they did not open properly.
There were no injuries, but the broken doors slowed operations for a couple of days while replacement doors were brought up from the Seattle area.
Because of safety and ventilation issues, this tunnel is a limiting factor on how many trains the railroad can operate over this route from Seattle to Spokane.
Because of the length of the tunnel, an unusual system is used to ensure that the air inside remains breathable and reduce problems with excess fumes.
For example, as a train enters the west portal of the tunnel, doors close on the east portal and huge fans blow in cool air through a second portal to help the diesel engines.
After the train has left the tunnel, the red-and-white-checked door closes and the fans operate for 20 to 30 minutes with maximum power to clear the tunnel of exhaust before the next train passes through.
Present-day train crews carry portable respirators for use in the event of a fan failure or a train stalling inside the tunnel.
In addition, there are emergency/safety stations spaced apart, depending on the location within the tunnel, that provide additional air tanks and equipment to be used in the event of a ventilation/other failure.
The tunnel door is protected by an absolute signal near the east portal; at Scenic on the west side, another signal with dual flashing lunar aspects indicates to eastbound trains that the tunnel fans are operating.
The 1996 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 96, was the 10th UEFA European Championship, a quadrennial football tournament contested by European nations and organised by UEFA.
Games were staged in eight cities and, although not all games were sold out, the tournament holds the European Championship's second-highest aggregate attendance (1,276,000) and average per game (41,158) for the 16-team format, surpassed only in 2012.
It was also the first European Championships where 3 points for a win were awarded during the qualification and group stages, following the previous system of 2 points being awarded for a win, reflecting the growing use of this system in domestic leagues throughout the world during the previous decade.
Germany won the tournament, beating the Czech Republic 2–1 in the final with a golden goal during extra time; this was the first major competition to be decided using this method.
Instead, the bids were largely prepared as if hosting an eight-team tournament, meaning only four venues were due to be required.
In the year preceding the decision, the English FA had dropped plans to also bid for the 1998 World Cup in order to gain the support of other UEFA members who were planning to bid for that event.
The hosts, England, drew 1–1 with Switzerland in the opening match of Group A when Alan Shearer's 23rd-minute goal was cancelled out by a late Kubilay Türkyilmaz penalty kick.
England defeated rivals Scotland 2–0 in their next game, and then produced one of their finest performances ever with a 4–1 win over the Netherlands.
Patrick Kluivert's late goal for the Netherlands secured his team second place in the group and ensured that Scotland would exit another major competition on goal difference.
France and Spain dominated the group, with France avenging Bulgaria for the 1994 qualification debacle, and World Cup quarter-finalists Romania going home, with no points and only one goal scored.
Groups C and D saw the Czech Republic and Croatia, whose national teams had only recently come into existence, qualify for the knockout stages.
Italy's defeat meant they had to beat Germany in their final game to progress, but the World Cup finalists could only manage a 0–0 draw and were eliminated.
Turkey became the first team since the introduction of a group stage to be eliminated without gaining a point or scoring a goal.
The knockout stages were characterised by negative, defensive play; as a result, only nine goals were scored in the seven games and four of the matches were decided on penalties.
The first quarter-final between the hosts and Spain ended goalless, after Spain had two goals disallowed and two claims for a penalty denied.
A goal from Davor Šuker evened the score after 51 minutes, before Matthias Sammer of Germany scored eight minutes later, and the game ended 2–1 to Germany.
Alan Shearer headed in after three minutes to give his side the lead, but Stefan Kuntz evened the score less than 15 minutes later, and the score remained 1–1 after 90 minutes.
In extra time, Paul Gascoigne came very close to scoring a golden goal, but fractionally missed a cross from Shearer in front of the empty goal, Darren Anderton hit the post, and Kuntz had a goal disallowed for pushing.
In penalties, both sides scored their first five kicks, but in the sixth round, Gareth Southgate had his penalty saved, allowing Andreas Möller to score the winning goal.
The final saw the Czech Republic hoping to repeat Euro 1976 when Czechoslovakia defeated West Germany; the Germans were aiming to win their third European Championship.
Five minutes into extra time, Bierhoff's shot was mishandled by Czech goalkeeper Kouba and the ball ended up in the back of the net for the first golden goal in the history of the competition.
UEFA cited the increased number of international teams following the recent break up of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia – rising from 33 UEFA members in 1988 to 48 by 1994 – as a driving factor behind the expansion.
At the conclusion of the qualifying group stage in November 1995, the eight group winners qualified automatically, along with the six highest ranked second placed teams.
The remaining two second placed teams – The Netherlands and the Republic of Ireland – contested a one-off play-off match in England to decide the final qualifier.
Croatia, the Czech Republic and Russia competed for the first time in their own right since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union (though the Russian team is considered by FIFA to be the direct descendant of the Soviet Union and CIS teams that had appeared in six past tournaments and the Czech team is the descendant of the Czechoslovakia team).
Seven of the eight participants at the previous tournament in 1992 were again present, with only Sweden – despite also having finished third in the World Cup two years earlier – missing out.
The first four were placed in position 4 of each group, the next four in position 3, and the last 4 in position 2.
While it was decreed in advance that England's group (labeled as III) would be Group A, the remaining three groups then consecutively (from I, II, to IV) had a letter drawn to decide the name of their group, and therefore determine what venues they would play at.
Since the implementation of the Taylor Report in 1990, following the 1989 Hillsborough stadium disaster, England now had enough all-seater stadia of sufficient capacity to hold an expanded tournament due to the necessary stadium refurbishment by its leading clubs.
To accommodate the expansion from an 8-team finals tournament to 16 teams, the format was changed from that used in 1992 with the addition of two extra groups in the group stage, and an extra round in the knockout phases.
The four groups (A to D) still contained four teams each, with the top two from each group still going through to the knockout phase.
8 teams then went into the new quarter-finals, ahead of the usual semi-finals and final, with 8 teams going out at the group stage.
The format is exactly the one which was applied to the 1962, 1966 and 1970 World Cups, except for the absence of a third place play-off.
The design of the ball included a reworking of the England badge, and was the first coloured ball in a major football tournament.
The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progress to the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament.
For the first time at a European Championship three points were awarded for a win, with one for a draw and a none for a defeat.
Any game that was undecided by the end of the regular 90 minutes, was followed by up to thirty minutes of extra time.
For the first time in a major football competition, the golden goal system was applied, whereby the first team to score during the extra time would become the winner.
Alan Shearer was awarded the Golden Boot award, after scoring five goals in the group stage and in the semi-finals against Germany.
The song was prominently sung by England fans during all their games, and was also chanted by the German team upon parading the trophy in Berlin after the tournament.
The official mascot, 'Goaliath', was designed in a similar fashion to the original World Cup mascot from the 1966 World Cup.
Goaliath comprised a lion, the image on the English team crest, dressed in an England football strip and football boots whilst holding a football under his right arm.
A terrorist attack took place in Manchester on 15 June, one day before the group stage match between Germany and Russia was due to take place in the same city.
The detonation of a van bomb in the city centre injured 212 people and caused an estimated £700 million worth of damage.
Four days after the blast, the Provisional Irish Republican Army issued a statement in which it claimed responsibility, but regretted causing injury to civilians.
The Manchester bombing was the first and so far only major terrorist attack in the host city of an ongoing UEFA European Championship.
The scheduled match at Old Trafford on the day following the bombing went ahead as planned after the stadium had been heavily guarded overnight and carefully searched; the game, in which Germany defeated Russia 3–0, was watched by a near capacity crowd of 50,700.
Despite this outbreak, the tournament overall was free of hooliganism, helping rehabilitate England's reputation after their fans' conduct during the previous decades.
UEFA's awarding of the tournament to England was in itself a further step in bringing the country back fully into the international fold, coming soon after their decision in 1990 to re-admit English clubs back into UEFA competitions after the indefinite ban issued to them following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.
Innocence can imply lesser experience in either a relative view to social peers, or by an absolute comparison to a more common normative scale.
People who lack the mental capacity to understand the nature of their acts may be regarded as innocent regardless of their behavior.
As Jean-Jacques Rousseau describes 'childhood as a time of innocence' where children are 'not-knowing' and must reach the age of reason to become competent people in society.
However, this is not the case anymore as technology advances, this has given children in the contemporary world a platform where they are referred to as 'digital natives', where they are seen more knowledgeable than adults Furthermore, because of digital media and internet, young people have become well-informed of the world around and have a better understanding.
Since experience is a prime factor in determining a person's point of view, innocence is often also used to imply naiveté or lack of personal experience.
Other symbols of innocence include children, virgins, acacia branches (especially in Freemasonry), non-sexual nudity, songbirds and the color white (biblical paintings and Hollywood films depict Jesus wearing a white tunic).
It is usually thought of as an experience or period in a person's life that leads to a greater awareness of evil, pain and/or suffering in the world around them.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is a regulatory agency that is dedicated to the safeguarding of food, animals, and plants, which enhance the health and well-being of Canada's people, environment and economy.
According to the CFIA statement of values, science is the basis for regulatory decisions but the need to consider other factors is recognized.
Through the enforcement of various acts and regulations, the CFIA works to protect Canadians from preventable health risks and provide a fair and effective food, animal and plant regulatory regime that supports competitive domestic and international markets.
There have been ongoing regulatory amendments brought forward with the most recent attempt at modernizing the Food and Drugs Act was the introduction of Bill C-51.
Other Acts and Regulations also specify inspection requirements and for certain trade requirements, the need to register with CFIA to conduct business.
All commercial importers must have an import/export account with Canada Border Services Agency who refers food, animal and plant imports to the CFIA as required.
A CFIA technocrat is appointed to be Canada's delegate on the FAO committee that drafts the Codex Alimentarius, which is a vital component of the WTO framework.
The Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO) of Canada resides in the CFIA hierarchy: Doctor Jaspinder Komal is also Vice President, Science at the CFIA.
As delegate to the OIE, the CVO commits the nation to observe the standards created by the international body, which standards in turn serve the WTO.
The Chief Food Safety Officer for Canada resides in the CFIA hierarchy: most recently, Lyzette Lamondin was appointed to the role in 2017.
The occupant of this position sits on the North American Plant Protection Organization and the International Plant Protection Convention, the latter of which informs the WTO's Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.
The Chief Science Operating Officer, currently Primal Silva DVM PhD, is responsible for the CFIA's 13 laboratories (one of which is Canada's contribution to the BSL4ZNet: National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease) and sits on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development as well as the Global Coalition of Regulatory Science Research.
However, Section 19 of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act provides authority for the Minister of Agriculture to order a recall, where there is reasonable grounds that the product poses a risk to public, animal or plant health.
According to the findings of the Independent Investigator that was appointed by the government following the 2008 Listeriosis outbreak, there were 75 confirmed cases of listeriosis and was also the underlying or contributing cause of death for 22 of these individuals.
The report identified response actions that worked well at the federal and provincial levels and gaps in the system should be corrected.
Glyphosate residues were detected in 29.7 per cent of all food samples, with 1.3 per cent containing residue levels above MRLs.
The British Basketball League, often abbreviated to the BBL, is a men's professional basketball league in Great Britain, the highest level of play in the country.
The BBL runs two knockout competitions alongside the BBL Championship; the BBL Cup and the BBL Trophy, as well as the post-season Play-offs.
The BBL is not to be confused with the English Basketball League or the Scottish Basketball Championship, which effectively form the second tier of British basketball.
There is currently no automatic promotion or relegation between the English and Scottish leagues and the BBL because of the franchise system in use in the BBL, although several clubs have been successful in making the step up from the EBL in recent years.
Member franchises of the BBL jointly own the league, and a chairman is elected by the teams to oversee league operations.
In 2012 the BBL, along with several other basketball governing bodies including England Basketball and basketballscotland, united to form the British Basketball Union, an organisation created to promote the commercial development of basketball within Great Britain.
In partnership with England Basketball, the BBL launched a women's league in 2014, branded as the Women's British Basketball League (WBBL).
In 1988 Portsmouth won the inaugural BBL Championship title but the following year saw Kingston win the first of three back-to-back league crowns.
Games became televised and the league picked up sponsors such as Peugeot, Lego, Playboy and Budweiser, while attendance at games increased.
The Manchester Giants opened the 1995–96 season in front of a record 14,251 fans at the Nynex Arena against the London Leopards – a record crowd that stood for a basketball game until 2006 when the NBA started staging pre-season games at the O2.
London Towers, Crystal Palace and the Greater London Leopards had success in the mid-1990s and in 1999 a Conference format was introduced, which was mirrored by the lower-tier NBL the following season.
A single-conference format for the BBL returned in 2002 and five different franchises won the Championship title in the five years after that.
The collapse of ITV Digital cost the league financially, with many franchises struggling to recover from the lost revenue that the £21 million contract was providing.
Long established franchises such as the Giants, the Leopards, Derby Storm, Thames Valley Tigers and Birmingham Bullets ceased to exist, though new teams have since been formed under the Giants and Leopards names.
The membership crisis brought about the addition of new franchises such as Guildford Heat (formed by fans of the defunct Thames Valley Tigers) and elected teams from the lower-tier English Basketball League, like the Plymouth Raiders, both making a refreshing impact on the old boys, with the Heat qualifying for the Play-offs in their rookie season.
During the same season Newcastle won 30 of their 40 regular season league fixtures to clinch the League Championship crown – the previous season saw the Eagles win 31 matches but lose out to Chester Jets in the final week, by just two points.
Guildford Heat, only in their second season in 2006–07, stole the headlines by storming to their first League title coupled with the BBL Cup, to mark a historic moment for the young club and its fans.
Plymouth Raiders also put themselves on the map by overcoming their underdog tags to beat Newcastle on their own court in the BBL Trophy final, their first silverware as a BBL team.
Newcastle managed to redeem themselves at the very end, after a poor season, by their standards, by claiming the Play-off title against rivals Scottish Rocks.
Former league chairman and Newcastle managing director Paul Blake is marketing the game at home and abroad, and after successfully gaining representation in the ULEB Cup with Guildford Heat's appearance in 2007–08 the league is slowly recovering from a low ebb.
In February 2014, the league announced the 2015 BBL Play-Off Final would take place at The O2 Arena, London, following a string of sell-out attendances at Wembley Arena in 2012 and 2013.
The British Basketball League and Basketball England announced in June 2014 the launch of the Women's British Basketball League, the top-level women's basketball league in Great Britain as a counterpart to the BBL.
The league signed a 32-game broadcast deal with BBC which saw both British Basketball League and Women's British Basketball League games broadcast via the BBC Sport website.
In September 2016, the league agreed a six-year deal with Perform, the leading digital sports content and media group, for the distribution and sale of all global media-related rights.
Each club – or franchise as it is known – has an equal shareholding in the BBL and a representative on the board of directors, thus is part of all decision-making regarding League policies, issues, and rules.
The BBL Championship is the flagship competition of the British Basketball League and features all member teams playing a 22-game regular season playing each team home and away (in a round robin format), from September through to April.
Two points are awarded for a win, with overtime used if the score is tied at the final buzzer – unlimited numbers of 5-minute overtime periods are played until one team is ahead when a period ends.
At the end of the regular season, the team with the most points is crowned as winners of the BBL Championship, and thus British Champions.
If points are equal between two or more teams then head-to-head results between said teams are used to determine the winners.
In the case of a tie between multiple teams where this does not break the tie, the winners are then determined by the points difference in the games between said teams.
Following the completion of the Championship regular season, the top eight ranked teams advance into the post-season Play-offs which usually take place during April.
Because of this teams may find themselves playing a series of four or five home games consecutively followed by a straight set of away games.
As the regular season is also particularly short many games are played over weekends as 'doubleheaders', whereby a team will play games (possibly a home and away game) on consecutive days, something that is not commonplace in British sports, although often seen in the National Basketball Association and other North American sports.
The post-season Play-offs usually takes place in April, featuring the top eight ranked teams from the Championship regular season compete in a knockout tournament.
Teams are seeded depending on their final positioning in the Championship standings, so first-place faces eighth-place, second versus seventh-place, third against sixth-place and finally fourth plays the fifth-placed team.
Both the Quarter-finals and the succeeding Semi-finals are played over a three game series, with the higher seed getting two home games either side of the lower seeds home game.
As with the Quarter-finals, teams in the Semi-finals are also seeded, with the highest-ranking team drawn against the lowest-ranking team in one Semi-final and the two remaining teams drawn together in the other Semi-final.
The culmination of the post-season is the grand Final, held at The O2 Arena in London, which sees the two Semi-final winners play a one-game event to determine the Play-off Champions.
The BBL Cup emerged from a breakaway of the English Basketball Association-organised National Cup and was contested for the first time in the 2003–04 season, when Sheffield Sharks were the inaugural winners.
The group stage consists of the teams being split into north and south groups and within each playing a double round-robin system.
The top 4 teams from each group are then seeded with 1st of each group playing 4th in the other and 3rd in each group playing 2nd in the other.
The BBL Trophy traces its origins back to a previous competition known as the Anglo-Scottish Cup – and subsequently the British Master's Cup – which was founded in 1984 and was initially a competition between teams from both the English and Scottish leagues.
Following the launch of the new British Basketball League administration in 1987 – who assumed control over the National Basketball League from the English Basketball Association – the British Master's Cup was scrapped and replaced with the newly formed League Trophy.
The Trophy competition has historically had a round-robin group stage format used for the first round, however the current competition is a knockout tournament with pairings drawn completely at random – there are no seeds, and a draw takes place after the majority of fixtures have been played in each round.
As well as including all BBL member clubs, invited teams from the English Basketball League, and occasionally the Scottish Basketball League, often take part in the Trophy.
In 2018, the Leicester Riders competed in Europe's third tier of continental basketball, the Basketball Champions League, losing in the first qualification round on aggregate to the Bakken Bears.
They became the first British team to compete in European competition since the Guildford Heat featured in the ULEB Cup during the 2007–08 season.
Following their elimination from the Basketball Champions League, the Leicester Riders played in the 2018–19 FIBA Europe Cup, Europe's fourth tier.
To be eligible for entry into the Basketball Champions League or the FIBA Europe Cup, teams must play in arenas with a capacity of at least 2,000 people.
Worcester were awarded a B-Licence by the EuroLeague, the top tier of European competition, for the 2014–2015 season having won the 2014 BBL Playoffs.
During his time as BBL Chairman, Paul Blake outlined a goal for the League to expand to 16 teams with an overall vision to have between 15 and 18 teams playing out of venues with 2,000-plus spectator capacity by 2019.
The current ruling was integrated at the beginning of the 2006–07 season, reverting from the previous law which allowed for up to four non-EU players on a roster, along with naturalised players.
New rules introduced for the 2012–13 season allow teams to field a maximum of five non-British players per game (including up to three work permitted players), further demonstrating the League's commitment towards developing British players.
According to BBL rules, teams must field no more than six import (non-EU) players in any one season, though only three are allowed to be registered to a roster at any one time.
Signings are allowed to be made throughout the pre-season and during the regular season until the league's transfer deadline on 28 February, or if during a leap year, the date is 29 February.
Previously the League enjoyed coverage from Channel 4 in the 1980s and Sky Sports from 1995 to 2001, where audiences peaked at around 150,000 viewers.
The League signed a three-year broadcast deal with the ill-fated digital TV company ITV Digital in 2001, and coverage suffered a sharp decline as the broadcaster struggled and eventually went out of business, resulting in a significant loss of income to member clubs.
Television coverage was then infrequent until the 2007–08 season, when international broadcaster Setanta Sports signed a deal to screen one live game a week.
In 2010, the League agreed a broadcast rights deal with BSkyB network Sky Sports marking the return of BBL action on Sky Sports after a 9-year gap.
The League's own subscription-based online TV station, BBL TV, took over the broadcast of live games from 2013 to 2015, and during the 2013–14 season match highlights were also televised and featured on British Eurosport each week.
In July 2016, the league signed a two-year broadcast deal with the BBC, featuring both British Basketball League and Women's British Basketball League games.
The games would be broadcast on the BBC Sport website with the showpiece finals also being broadcast on the BBC Red Button.
Alongside the BBC deal, a six-year deal with Perform was signed which saw every BBL game broadcast via LiveBasketball.TV, and a deal followed a year later with UNILAD to broadcast one game a week live via Facebook.
FreeSports signed a deal with the league in January 2018 to broadcast games for the remainder of the season, starting with the BBL Cup Final between Worcester Wolves and Cheshire Phoenix.
The title, in the Peerage of Scotland, is held by the Duke of Hamilton, and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the Duke's eldest son.
After the death of Mormaer Maol Chaluim, in probably about 1240, the mormaerdom passed through the marriage of his daughter Matilda, to the line of the Norman Gilbert de Umfraville.
The lands of Clan Ogilvy, in Angus, was ruled by a mormaer; one of the ancient Celtic nobles of Scotland who became the first earls.
Gillebride, Earl of Angus, received a Barony from King William the Lion in 1163, and bestowed upon his son, Gilbert, the lands of Wester Powrie, Ogilvy, and Kyneithin.
The top left quadrant displays the Ogilvy crest; argent, a lion passant, guardant, Gules, crowned with an imperial crown and collared with an open one, Proper.
His heir, second son Robert, also fought on the side of the English and surrendered to King Robert de Brus during the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
Robert's heir Gilbert continued attempting to recover the Earldom and supported Edward Balliol and other disinherited barons and lords in Scotland.
John Stewart of Bonkyll, Berwickshire, obtained the title Earl of Angus in 1329 in a new line after the forfeiture of the de Umfraville line, though the latter family continued to use the title in England until 1381.
This Stewart line ended with Margaret Stewart, countess of Angus in her own right, and widow of Thomas, Earl of Mar.
An illicit affair between Margaret Stewart, Countess of Mar and Angus, and her brother in law, William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas (married to the sister of her husband) produced George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus (c. 1380–1403).
The Countess secured a charter of her estates for her son, to whom in 1389 the title was granted by King Robert II.
He resigned the title of Earl of Angus, having it recreated with the marquessate, so he was the 1st Earl of Angus in the new creation.
He outlived his son Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus (c.1609–1655) and was succeeded by Archibald's son James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (1646–1699).
James' son and heir Archibald Douglas was created Duke of Douglas, Marquess of Angus and Abernethy, Viscount of Jedburgh Forest, and Lord Douglas of Bonkill, Prestoun and Robertoun on 10 April 1703.
According to Herodotus, it was Pan who was able to lead the Athenians to victory in the Battle of Marathon, forcing the Persians to flee.
Another very relatable state of mind is paranoia, in which one fears that unknown threats could, and most likely will, come from anyone, with distrust potentially leading to a loss of touch with reality.
No significant changes related to this personality disorder were made in transitioning to the DSM-5, suggesting the diagnostic criteria are still appropriate.
90125 is the eleventh studio album by the English progressive rock band Yes, released on 7 November 1983 by Atco Records.
They adopted a more commercial and pop-oriented musical direction as the result of their new material, much of which derived from Rabin's demos, with former Yes singer Trevor Horn as their producer.
During the mixing stage former Yes singer Jon Anderson, who had left in 1980, accepted the invitation to return and record the lead vocals, and subsequently Cinema became the new lineup of Yes.
16 on the UK Albums Chart, and remains their best selling album with over 3 million copies sold in the US.
Yes toured for the album in 1984 and 1985 which included two headline shows at the inaugural Rock in Rio festival.
While the North American leg was largely successful, the subsequent UK leg received a mixed reaction feedback from the fans, many of whom were unaccepting of Horn and Downes as they had replaced Jon Anderson and Rick Wakeman respectively.
Later in 1981, the two entered sessions with Jimmy Page with the aim of forming a new band named XYZ, but the project was shelved over management differences and singer Robert Plant's disliking of the material.
By 1982, South African guitarist, singer-songwriter, and producer Trevor Rabin had moved from London to Los Angeles, and sent a demo tape to various record labels with the intent of releasing a fourth solo album.
During this time, Atlantic Records manager Phil Carson, a longtime fan and associate of Yes throughout the 1970s, sought new musicians to work with Squire and White, and was introduced to Rabin by producer Mutt Lange, whom Rabin used to work with as a session musician.
With such a direction, Squire recruited original Yes keyboardist Tony Kaye, who had left in 1971, feeling his simpler style of playing was more suitable to their new music.
The four named themselves Cinema with the intent of establishing a new identity and to distance themselves from their Yes past.
Matters were complicated further when management deemed Squire and Rabin's lead vocals not distinctive enough, so Carson suggested the group have Anderson return to sing the songs.
With no more funds left to finish it, Carson flew to Paris and played the tape to Atlantic founder Ahmet Ertegun, who had signed Yes in 1969.
As the album neared completion, news reports in June and July 1983 indicate that Kaye, though he had played on it, was unsure whether to rejoin.
Following the announcement of Cinema on MTV, the group received threats of legal action from other bands with the same name which prompted a rethink.
As the group now consisted of four past and present Yes members, Carson suggested that they continue as Yes which concerned Rabin as he wished the album to be judged in its own right.
However, seeking to consolidate the band's legal identity as Yes, management came to an agreement with Kaye who returned after touring with Badfinger.
When it came to recording the song, the band were not satisfied with the drum sound they were getting in the studio, so they recorded the vocals first.
It is equivalent to the rank of staff sergeant in the Army and Marine Corps, and technical sergeant in the Air Force.
In the United States Navy, each rating was officially abbreviated, such as ET for electronics technician, STS for sonar technician submarines, or FT for fire control technician.
The Navy now utilizes the Navy Occupational Special system and disestablished the combined rating and rank that gave the shorthand for the petty officer's rank, such as ET1 for electronics technician, first class.
It is common practice to refer to the petty officer by this shorthand in all but the most formal correspondence (such as printing and inscription on awards).
Only second-class petty officers that achieve a passing score on the biannual advancement examination are eligible to be advanced to first-class petty officer.
Once the examination is complete, a quota is established based upon the needs of the Navy with respect to the specific rating the sailor holds.
The Navy's current high year tenure policy imposes a maximum enlistment of 22 years (total active service) to a petty officer first class.
If a petty officer first class is not selected to the paygrade of chief petty officer within those 22 years, the petty officer is honorably retired from active service in the United States Navy, and placed in Fleet Reserve (inactive service) for a period of 8 to 10 years.
On more formal uniforms (dress white and dress blue uniform), the symbol for the petty officer's rating will be placed between the eagle and the chevrons.
On navy blue (black) uniforms, the eagle and rating are white, and the chevrons are red, unless the sailor has served in the Navy for 12 years or more with good conduct- then that sailor wears gold chevrons on the dress blue uniform.
There are situations when there are more than one first class petty officers in a division, due to the demands for highly experienced or skilled Sailors in technical areas.
Leading petty officer experience for a first-class petty officer is not officially required for advancement to chief petty officer (E7); however, it is generally accepted that at least one documented tour as an LPO (preferably at sea) is a vital step for advancement.
Every petty officer has both a rate (rank) and rating (job, similar to a Military Occupation Specialty (MOS) in other services).
Thus, a petty officer, first class, who has the rating of electronics technician would properly be called an Electronics Technician First Class, or ET1.
BASIC A+ was developed by Optimized Systems Software of Cupertino, California, United States, to provide the Atari 8-bit family with an extended BASIC compatible with, but faster than, the simpler ROM-based Atari BASIC.
While Atari BASIC came on an 8 KB ROM cartridge, BASIC A+ was delivered on floppy disk and took 15 KB of the computer's RAM, leaving 23 KB available for user programs in a 48 KB Atari 800.
BASIC A+ was offered at a price of US$80.00 in 1983, including the products OS/A+ and EASMD (Editor/Assembler), and being an extension of Atari BASIC, came with a supplement to the latter's reference manual as its documentation.
In addition to being faster than its ROM-bound counterpart, BASIC A+ provided a number of extra commands for DOS operations, player/missile graphics, and debugging.
The river becomes the Pee Dee River at the confluence of the Uwharrie River south of the community of Badin and east of the town of Albemarle.
Before the Revolutionary War, colonial settlers of primarily Scots-Irish, German, and English extraction migrated into the Yadkin basin from Virginia and Pennsylvania using the Great Wagon Road and the Carolina Road.
Notably, these included Moravian colonists from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania who occupied the 100,000-acre Wachovia tract following its purchase in 1753 (See also Old Salem).
On May 9, 1771, when marching to join Governor William Tryon's army at the Battle of Alamance, a colonial force was intercepted along the Yadkin in Rowan County by a larger force of Regulators formed under Captain Benjamin Merrill.
Realizing their forces were outnumbered, Tryon's men fell back to Salisbury, and were unable to join the governor until after the battle at Alamance was fought.
The court determined that the owners of the dam across the Yadkin could not have his property taken without just compensation.
Morrow Mountain State Park and the Uwharrie National Forest are along the banks of the river where the river's name changes to the Pee Dee River.
In 1985, the NC General Assembly established the Yadkin River State Trail as a paddle trail which follows the river for .
The paddle trail is a part of the North Carolina State Trails System, which is a section of the NC Division of Parks and Recreation.
Water supplies for many communities in North and South Carolina are taken from the Yadkin-Pee Dee and during drought years the division of the water is a contentious issue.
The Mitchell River was impacted in the 1980s by massive runoff of sediment from land clearing at the Olde Beau development.
All but W. Kerr Scott generate hydroelectric power, and High Rock, Tuckertown, Badin, and Falls were managed by Alcoa under contract with the US Government, under oversight by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
The contract with FERC expired in April 2008, and was under review after the N.C. Division of Water Quality revoked their water-quality certificate that the company needs to continue operating its power-generating dams along the river.
The governor of North Carolina, Bev Perdue, and other North Carolina politicians made it a priority to recapture the Yadkin River water rights, but this has been denied.
On September 22, 2016, Alcoa received a license to operate until March 31, 2055, a period 12 years shorter than desired.
The goal in irrigation scheduling is to apply enough water to fully wet the plant's root zone while minimizing overwatering and then allow the soil to dry out in between waterings, to allow air to enter the soil and encourage root development, but not so much that the plant is stressed beyond what is allowable.
In recent years, more sophisticated irrigation controllers have been developed that receive ET input from either a single on-site weather station or from a network of stations and automatically adjust the irrigation schedule accordingly.
Other devices helpful in irrigation scheduling are rain sensors, which automatically shut off an irrigation system when it rains, and soil moisture sensing devices such as capacitance sensors, tensiometers and gypsum blocks.
The Territory of Jefferson was an extralegal and unrecognized United States territory that existed from October 24, 1859 until the creation of the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861.
The Jefferson Territory included land officially part of the Kansas Territory, the Nebraska Territory, the New Mexico Territory, the Utah Territory, and the Washington Territory, but the area was remote from the governments of those five territories.
The government of the Jefferson Territory, while democratically elected, was never legally recognized by the United States government, although it managed the territory with relatively free rein for 16 months.
Many of the laws enacted by the Jefferson Territorial Legislature were reenacted and given official sanction by the new Colorado General Assembly in 1861.
On August 25, 1855, the Kansas Territory created Arapahoe County, a huge county that included the entire western portion of Kansas to the Rocky Mountains.
The leaders of the Kansas Territory were preoccupied with the violent events of Bleeding Kansas, so little time or attention was available to attend to the needs of the far western portion of the territory.
The question of whether to admit Kansas to the union as a slave state or free state dominated discussion in the populous eastern portion of the territory and led to three failed constitutional proposals between 1855 and 1858 (the Topeka, Lecompton and Leavenworth constitutions).
In July 1858, the Pike's Peak Gold Rush began with the discovery of gold at the Dry Creek Diggings in Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory (now Englewood in Arapahoe County, Colorado).
The gold rush brought 100,000 gold seekers to the area known as the Pike's Peak Country, which included Arapahoe County as well as the unorganized southwestern corner of the Nebraska Territory and parts of the New Mexico and Utah territories.
Kansas, with a growing divide between the eastern commercial centers and the central agricultural populations, had concerns over how the gold rush and the influx of miners to the Rockies could shift the base of power from the northeastern side of Kansas to the mountainous region in the west of the state.
Meanwhile, the miners, being from the capital of the territory, felt that the legislature was out of touch with their needs.
They thought a new territory or state would have the benefit of being responsive to their economic situation and consolidate the population that was currently spread across four territories.
Denver area leaders decided to pursue both a relationship with Kansas and a bid for separation by sending delegates to the Kansas Territorial Legislature and the United States Congress.
On February 7, 1859 the Kansas Territorial Legislature replaced Arapahoe County with six new unorganized counties and appointed county commissioners for each.
The settlers in the region attempted to organize a county on their own and on March 28, 1859, an election was held to elect officers.
A desire for a new territorial government kept the elected officials from taking their offices, as doing so would have given recognition to the Kansas Territorial government.
In the meantime, Hiram J Graham, the local delegate to Congress, had successfully introduced a bill to establish a new territory in Pike's Peak Country.
The name Jefferson (in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States who had authorized the 1803 Louisiana Purchase that included much of the proposed territory) was chosen and a constitutional convention was scheduled for June 6, 1859.
The conventioneers met that day, and then adjourned until August 1, 1859, when 167 representatives from 37 districts met to draft a constitution for Jefferson State.
The state constitution was subsequently rejected in a popular referendum on September 24 in favor of creating a territory, primarily because the organization of the territory would be funded by Congress while the organization of a state would be self-funded.
The original authors determined to hold another convention on October 3 to draft a provisional constitution for the Territory of Jefferson.
The territory had the same southern boundary as the present State of Colorado, the 37th parallel north, but the northern boundary was set at the 43rd parallel north, farther north than Colorado's current northern boundary, the 41st parallel north.
In addition the eastern boundary was located about farther east at the 102nd meridian west, and the western boundary about farther west at the 110th meridian west.
On October 24, 1859, an election was held to approve the formation of the Provisional Government of the Territory of Jefferson and to elect officials for the territory.
Those resistant to the self-government of Jefferson Territory held an election on December 8, 1859, and elected Captain R. Sopris as their representative to the Kansas Territorial Legislature.
Governor Steele called the second session of the provisional Jefferson Territorial Legislature to meet at Denver City on January 23, 1860.
Governor Steele pointed out that many gold seekers were working claims in remote areas and estimated that the total number of people in the Jefferson Territory was 60,000.
On August 7, 1860, Steele issued a proclamation requesting that the Provisional Government of the Jefferson Territory be merged into the Kansas Territory.
On November 7, 1860, the U.S. presidential election produced a victory for Abraham Lincoln and precipitated the secession of seven slave states and the formation of the Confederate States of America.
These events eliminated any chance for federal endorsement of the Territory of Jefferson and any role in government for Governor Steele, a staunch pro-Union Democrat and vocal opponent of Lincoln and the Republican Party.
Seeking to augment the political power of the free states, the Republican led U.S. Congress hurriedly admitted the portion of the Territory of Kansas east of the 25th meridian west from Washington to the Union as the free State of Kansas on January 29, 1861.
Most administrative affairs of the Territory of Jefferson were handled at the home of Governor Steele at Mount Vernon, Colorado and later Apex, Colorado.
On June 6, 1861, Governor Steele issued a proclamation declaring the Territory of Jefferson disbanded and urging all employees and residents to abide by the laws governing the United States.
Ganden has two abbots, the abbot of Ganden Shartse and the abbot of Ganden Jangtse, and neither of them can be the Ganden Tripa unless they have also served as abbot of Gyumay or Gyuto tantric colleges.
Since the position is held for only a 7-year term, there have been many more Ganden Tripas than Dalai Lamas to date (102 as against 14).
After Tsongkhapa's passing, his teachings were held and kept by Gyaltsab Je and Khedrub Je who were the next abbots of Ganden monastery.
The 100th Ganden Tripa, Lobsang Nyima Rinpoche, retired and lived at Drepung Loselling Monastery with his labrang (office staff) until his death in 2008.
The Ganden Tripa is nominated or appointed on the basis of a hierarchical progression based on merit, and the appointee does not necessarily have to have any direct connection with Ganden Monastery, although if he started as a Ganden monk he could have obtained his higher Geshe degree there and risen to be its abbot.
These are more elevated positions, above abbots and retired abbots, which are automatically accorded only to the senior-most surviving retired abbot, one from each respective college, with a tenure of 7 years.
This appointment is automatic but is apparently confirmed by the Dalai Lama who, being the pre-eminent spiritual leader, publicly announces the appointment or nomination at the time of changeover.
Massawa ( ; Tigrinya: ምጽዋዕ), or Mitsiwa, is a port city in the Semienawi Keyih Bahri Region of Eritrea, located on the Red Sea at the northern end of the Gulf of Zula beside the Dahlak Archipelago.
As a historical and important port for many centuries, it was ruled by a succession of polities, including the Aksumite Empire, the Umayyad Caliphate, various Beja sultanates, Abyssinia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Khedivate of Egypt.
Massawa was originally a small seaside village, lying in lands coextensive with the Kingdom of Axum also known as Kingdom of Zula in antiquity and overshadowed by the nearby port of Adulis about to the south.
Following the fall of Axum in the 8th century, the area around Massawa and the town itself became occupied by the Umayyad Caliphate from 702 to 750 CE.
The Beja people would also come to rule within Massawa during the Bajag Kingdom of Eritrea from the year 740 to the 14th century.
The port city would also come under the supreme control of the Balaw people (people of Beja descent), during the Balaw Kingdom of Eritrea (12th–15th centuries).
The port was a major site for the Arab slave trade and Venetian merchants were said to have lived in Massawa and nearby Suakin in the 15th century.
The Ottomans nevertheless built the old town of Massawa on Massawa Island into a prominent port on the Red Sea in typical Islamic Ottoman architecture using dry corals for walls, roof and foundation as well as imported wood for beams, window shutters and balconies.
These buildings and the old town of Massawa remain to this day, having withstood both earthquakes and wars with aerial bombardment.
In 1846, Massawa, and later much of the Northeast African coast of the Red Sea, came under the rule of the Khedive of Egypt with Ottoman consent.
With the help of the British, the city eventually came under Italian control and became part of Italy's colony of Eritrea in 1885.
At the end of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Italy created a modern port in Massawa for their newly acquired colony of Eritrea.
In 1885–1897, Massawa (in the Italian spelling: 'Massaua') served as the capital of the region, before Governor Ferdinando Martini moved his administration to Asmara.
Ras Alula's attack on nearby Dogali helped precipitate the First Italo-Ethiopian War; the Italians' disastrous defeat at Adwa ended their hopes of expanding further into the Ethiopian highlands for a decade and brought Menelik II's newly formed Ethiopian Empire international recognition.
Most of the city was completely destroyed by the 1921 earthquake: it took until 1928 to fully restore the port, hampering initially the Italian colonial ambitions.
Massawa became the largest and safest port on the east coast of Africa, and the largest deep-water port on the Red Sea.
Between 1887 and 1932, they expanded the Eritrean Railway, connecting Massawa with Asmara and then Bishia near the Sudan border, and completed the Asmara-Massawa Cableway.
In 1938, Massawa had 15,000 inhabitants, of which almost 2,000 were Italians: the city was improved with an architectural plan similar to the one in Asmara, with a commercial and industrial area.
When the city fell during the East African Campaign, a large number of Italian and German ships were sunk in an attempt to block use of Massawa's harbor.
From 15 April 1942, later master diver and salvage specialist RNR Lieutenant Peter Keeble (then a complete rookie in both disciplines) was assigned to the clearing of the harbour.
The wrecks were salvaged in short order and the port was returned to service, as part of what had now become the British protectorate of Eritrea.
In 1945, following the end of World War II, the port of Massawa suffered damage as the occupying British either dismantled or destroyed much of the facilities.
From 1952 to 1990, when Eritrea entered into a federation with Ethiopia, previously landlocked Ethiopia briefly enjoyed the use of Massawa as the headquarters of the now defunct Ethiopian Navy.
In February 1990, units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front captured Massawa in a surprise attack from both land and sea.
The success of this attack cut the major supply line to the Second Ethiopian Army in Asmara, which then had to be supplied by air.
With Eritrea's de facto independence (complete military liberation) in 1991, Ethiopia reverted to being landlocked and its Navy was dismantled (partially taken over by the nascent national navy of Eritrea).
During the Eritrean-Ethiopian War the port was inactive, primarily due to the closing of the Eritrean-Ethiopian border which cut off Massawa from its traditional hinterlands.
A large grain vessel donated by the United States, containing 15,000 tonnes of relief food, which docked at the port late in 2001, was the first significant shipment handled by the port since the war began.
Notable buildings in the city include the shrine of Sahaba, as well as the 15th century Sheikh Hanafi Mosque and various houses of coral.
Later buildings include the Imperial Palace, built in 1872 to 1874 for Werner Munzinger; St. Mary's Cathedral; and the 1920s Banco d'Italia.
The city receives a very low average annual rainfall amount totalling around and consistently experiences soaringly high temperatures during both day and night.
Born in Milton, Canada West, the son of Edward Martin, a former Reeve, and Mary Ann Fleming, Martin was educated at the Milton public school, the Toronto Normal School and University of Toronto.
He was a telegraph operator and afterwards obtained a First-class Teacher's certificate, and was appointed Principal of the public school in New Edinburgh, Ontario.
He was first elected as the member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the Portage la Prairie riding in 1883 and served as Attorney-General in the government of Thomas Greenway.
In 1890, he initiated legislation to end French language instruction and support for Catholic separate schools, prompting the Manitoba Schools Question crisis.
With increased representation for mainland ridings and a shift in popular support from the Turner government, a government of special interests, railway industrialists, coal barons, lumber and fishing capitalists, Turner's support fell to 17 of 38 seats.
Instead he turned to former premier Robert Beaven, even though he had not been elected in his constituency, to form a government.
During the two year Semlin government, Martin produced controversy by introducing measures such as an eight-hour work day (opposed by mine owners) and an Alien Exclusion Act to prevent Chinese from owning mining claims.
During a controversial public meeting about the issue, Martin breached cabinet solidarity and criticized his own government resulting in a request from Premier Semlin for Martin's resignation.
Semlin reconstituted his ministries and met the legislature facing strong opposition from Martin, often requiring the Speaker of the house to break ties by using his casting vote.
Martin served in the opposition (He became the first leader of the Liberal party of British Columbia) until he was defeated in the 1903 election, the first in British Columbia organized on party lines.
After his return from England, he ran in the 1920 election in Vancouver as an Independent under the banner of the Asiatic Exclusion League.
Martin, who died of complications from diabetes in March 1923, was the first person in Vancouver to be treated with insulin.
He moved to the United Kingdom where he won a seat in the British House of Commons as a Liberal Member of Parliament for St Pancras East.
In December 1911, Winston Churchill, then the First Lord of the Admiralty, had announced to the House of Commons that the British fleet was ready for war.
By 1914 the association did not want Martin to continue as their MP and in May selected Richard Leopold Reiss to be their candidate for the general election expected to be called late 1914/early 1915.
Confronted with the prospect of losing the by-election to the Unionist, due to a split Liberal vote, the Liberal association told Martin in June that they would not contest the by-election.
In July Martin announced that he would instead resign his seat and return to his native Canada, allowing Reiss to run against a Unionist in the by-election.
In August war was declared, the general election was deferred, Reiss resigned as candidate to enlisted and Martin continued as MP.
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method designed to detect forging sender addresses during the delivery of the email.
SPF alone, though, is limited only to detect a forged sender claimed in the envelope of the email which is used when the mail gets bounced.
Only in combination with DMARC can it be used to detect the forging of the visible sender in emails (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam.
SPF allows the receiving mail server to check during mail delivery that a mail claiming to come from a specific domain is submitted by an IP address authorized by that domain's administrators.
The list of authorized sending hosts and IP addresses for a domain is published in the DNS records for that domain.
These posts ignited a lot of interest, led to the forming of the IETF Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG) and their mailing list, where the SPF idea was further developed.
Over the next six months, a large number of changes were made and a large community had started working on SPF.
In early 2004, the IETF created the MARID working group and tried to use SPF and Microsoft's CallerID proposal as the basis for what is now known as Sender ID; but this collapsed due to technical and licensing conflicts.
This is exploited by spammers who often use forged email addresses, making it more difficult to trace a message back to its source, and easy for spammers to hide their identity in order to avoid responsibility.
It is also used in phishing techniques, where users can be duped into disclosing private information in response to an email purportedly sent by an organization such as a bank.
SPF allows the owner of an Internet domain to specify which computers are authorized to send mail with envelope-from addresses in that domain, using Domain Name System (DNS) records.
Receivers verifying the SPF information in TXT records may reject messages from unauthorized sources before receiving the body of the message.
Thus, the principles of operation are similar to those of DNS-based blackhole lists (DNSBL), except that SPF uses the authority delegation scheme of the Domain Name System.
If the server rejects the domain, the unauthorized client should receive a rejection message, and if that client was a relaying message transfer agent (MTA), a bounce message to the original envelope-from address may be generated.
If the server accepts the domain, and subsequently also accepts the recipients and the body of the message, it should insert a Return-Path field in the message header in order to save the envelope-from address.
Spammers can send email with an SPF PASS result if they have an account in a domain with a sender policy, or abuse a compromised system in this domain.
If such receivers use SPF to specify their legitimate source IP addresses and indicate FAIL result for all other addresses, receivers checking SPF can reject forgeries, thus reducing or eliminating the amount of backscatter.
In particular, if a sender provides SPF information, then receivers can use SPF PASS results in combination with a white list to identify known reliable senders.
If a domain publishes an SPF record, spammers and phishers are less likely to forge emails pretending to be from that domain, because the forged emails are more likely to be caught in spam filters which check the SPF record.
Because an SPF-protected domain is less attractive as a spoofed address, it is less likely to be blacklisted by spam filters and so ultimately the legitimate email from the domain is more likely to get through.
For an empty Return-Path as used in error messages and other auto-replies, an SPF check of the HELO identity is mandatory.
With a bogus HELO identity the result NONE would not help, but for valid host names SPF also protects the HELO identity.
This SPF feature was always supported as an option for receivers, and later SPF drafts including the final specification recommend to check the HELO always.
This allows receivers to white list sending mailers based on a HELO PASS, or to reject all mails after a HELO FAIL.
It can also be used in reputation systems (any white or black list is a simple case of a reputation system).
A typical SPF HELO policy codice_13 may execute four or more DNS queries: (1) TXT record (SPF type was obsoleted by RFC 7208), (2) A or AAAA for mechanism codice_14, (3) MX record and (4+) A or AAAA for each MX name, for mechanism codice_4.
In addition if, for example, the sender has an IPv6 address, while its name and its two MX names have only IPv4 addresses, then the evaluation of the first two mechanisms already results in more than two void lookups and hence PERMERROR.
To enable the rapid testing and deployment, initial versions of SPF checked for its setting in the DNS TXT record of the sending domain - even though this record was traditionally supposed to be free-form text with no semantics attached.
Although in July 2005, IANA assigned a specific Resource Record type 99 to SPF the uptake of was never high, and having two mechanisms was confusing for users.
As SPF increasingly prevents spammers from spoofing the envelope-from address, many have moved to only spoof the address in the From field of the mail header, which is actually displayed to the recipient rather than only processed by the recipient's message transfer agent (MTA).
Many mail transfer agents (MTAs) support SPF directly such as Courier, CommuniGate Pro, Wildcat, MDaemon, and Microsoft Exchange, or have patches or plug-ins available that support SPF, including Postfix, Sendmail, Exim, qmail, and Qpsmtpd.
In April 2007, BITS, a division of the Financial Services Roundtable, published email security recommendations for its members including SPF deployment.
In 2008, the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG) published a paper about email authentication covering SPF, Sender ID, and DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM).
In 2015, the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG) revised a paper about email authentication covering SPF, DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), and DMARC (DMARC).
The etymology of 'Orders' is unclear, although there are records extant dating the surname in its current spelling back to the 17th century in the Warminster region of Wiltshire and the 16th century in Cambridgeshire, England.
The root of the name in its possible variant spelling forms can be ALD, AUD, OLD or ORD to which have been added a suffix such as AS, ES, ERS, IS, OS, US, etc.
Calling himself Madman, Sterns hatches a plot to kill the Hulk, giving him a poison injection that rapidly deteriorates his physical state.
This puts the Hulk in conflict with various members of his rogues’ gallery, most notably the Abomination, turning weaker and more emaciated for every battle.
Samuel Sterns, the Leader and Phillip's brother, comes to the Hulk's aid and helps him track down Madman to find the antidote.
During the ensuing battle, Madman suffers a psychological breakdown, completely submerging his original personality, and Hulk manages to cure himself, as well as poison Madman, leaving the latter on the verge of death, with the remedy dropped barely out of reach.
When tracking the creature, he finds it in confrontation with the Hulk in the vicinity of Loch Ness, and knocks out his enemy from behind.
He dumps the Hulk into the lake saddled with iron weights, but is disappointed when the latter takes longer than expected to escape.
When Perseus, a retired Pantheon member the Hulk was visiting, tries to intervene, Madman indifferently kills him, but the Hulk punches him away.
The Hulk overtakes and starts to dismantle the jet, and Madman triggers a pilot-chair parachute, remarking that he's not interested in killing Hulk, since it would be dull to not annoy him anymore, and detonates the plane.
After landing in London, where the two superhumans called Killpower and Motormouth happen to be staying, he immediately holds the British prince Charles hostage on top of Buckingham Palace, and demands to be declared king of England.
As Hulk comes to the rescue Madman states that the latter should understand the demands to use great power and shifts from crying to irreverently upbeat within seconds, dropping the prince towards the ground.
After taking over Kata Jaya, the Leader makes a deal with Mephisto that allows him to observe Madman being tortured in Hell.
The series was set in the British town of Chelmsford in the year AD 123 and concerned the power struggle between Roman governor Aulus Paulinus (Jimmy Mulville) and the British chieftain, Badvoc (Rory McGrath).
Britain is a miserable place, cold and wet – just the place to exile Aulus for accidentally insulting the Emperor's horse but also give him something useful to do.
Aulus, probably a play on Aulus Platorius Nepos, the governor of Roman Britain between 122 and 125, was a rather delicate Roman and was usually outwitted by the scheming Badvoc, who hadn't had a haircut for twenty-five years.
The National Centre for Popular Music was a museum in Sheffield, England, for contemporary music and culture, a £15 million project largely funded with contributions from the National Lottery, which opened on 1 March 1999, and closed in June 2000.
Just prior to closure BBC Radio 2 held a special gig to prize winners of around 75 people, to see Madness perform live with support from Paul Carrack.
This was hosted by Billy Bragg and during the show Ian Dury was beamed in live and was interviewed by Suggs and Billy.
Madness played It Must Be Love, My Old Man (Blockheads), One Step Beyond and Lovestruck before catching a train back to London from Sheffield.
The building, designed by Branson Coates following an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions, consists of four giant stainless steel drums, surrounding an atrium area, the upper floor of which has a glazed roof.
Each of the drums has a rotating turret with a nozzle which is meant to turn with the wind and vent air.
On the reverse of this an opening facing into the wind takes inlet air down through wall cavities, being heated or cooled as required.
At this point on 18 October 1999, the building's owners Music Heritage Ltd, called in PricewaterhouseCoopers to administer the day-to-day running.
It became a live music venue for a period from July 2001 and then being taken over by Sheffield Hallam University from September 2003, who bought it from Yorkshire Forward for £1.85m in February 2003.
On November 1, 2004, Kokufu, along with the village of Fukube (also from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya, Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
As of March 1, 2008, the town has an estimated population of 12,827 and a density of 105 persons per km².
The surrounding landscape is dominated by low-lying hills and slopes; much of the built town and residential areas are located in flatter land between the heights.
The north of the town borders onto Uradome Beach, though much of the rest of the coast consists of rough rocky outcrops and small inlets and bays.
Iwami is around 30 minutes by train from the prefectural capital of Tottori City, and is the third stop by train heading east on the Tottori-Hamasaka line.
Weather in Iwami can be quite changeable, with summer temperatures peaking at over 30 degrees Celsius in August and dropping as low as -2 degrees in January and February.
There are three elementary schools - Iwami Minami, Nishi, and Kita - as well as a junior high school and a high school.
On November 1, 2004, Fukube, along with the town of Kokufu (from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya, Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
On March 31, 2005, Kōge, along with the towns of Funaoka and Hattō (all from Yazu District), was merged to create the town of Yazu.
On March 31, 2005, Funaoka, along with the towns of Hattō and Kōge (all from Yazu District), was merged to create the town of Yazu.
On November 1, 2004, Kawahara, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya, Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the town of Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
On March 31, 2005, Hattō, along with the towns of Funaoka and Kōge (all from Yazu District), was merged to create the town of Yazu.
The school cater for children from the age of 3 plus, who attend the purpose built nursery unit, to the age of 11.
The Headteacher is B J Luck (retrieved 11 April 2013) The school is also home to its PTA organisation, The Friends of Hayes Meadow (Charity number 1087977).
Events like these allow the charity to provide students with extra things such as climbing frames, play equipment, selection boxes etc.
There is a children's play park at the end of Harvey Road on St Barbara's Road in the north easterly part of the village.
This bridge is a little way west of two further bridges which cross the canal which are Grade II listed structures.
The West Coast Main Line runs through the village although the nearest railway station is at Rugeley which is to the north west.
The population of Wakasa is primarily located in mountain villages in a line from the southeast to northwest of the town.
The Hattō River (), the largest tributary of the Sendai River, emerges from Tokura Ridge on the border of Wakasa and Shisō, Hyōgo Prefecture.
The Hattō flows from the southwest foot of Mount Hyōno through the town and joins the Sendai in the Kawaramachi area of Tottori City.
No remains from the Jōmon (14,000 – 300 BCE) or Yayoi 300 BCE – 250 CE) periods have been found in Wakasa.
Settlements in the area are appeared early in the Heian period (794 – 1185), and the name of a village called Wakasa first appear in the historical record this time.
The existence of the Yabe clan and Oniga castle are noted in the Taiheiki, a Japanese historical epic written in the late 14th century.
Wakasa, located in a richly forested area of the Chūgoku Mountains, was a source of lumber and lumber products from early times.
These products, as well as rice, were transported on the Hattō River for export to other parts of Japan via the Japan Sea.
At the beginning of the Edo period (1603 – 1868) the Tokugawa shogunate developed land for rice paddies in Wakasa as part of a nationwide effort to increase rice production in Japan.
The mountainous areas of Wakasa provided extensive irrigation for rice-producing areas in the flatlands of the lower Sendai River, but Wakasa suffered frequent flooding from the Hattō River, notably in 1815 and 1888.
Wakasa has historically been a center of the lumber trade, but is now also known for its production of daikon radish and other agricultural products.
On November 1, 2004, Mochigase, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya, Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the town of Kawahara, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
On November 1, 2004, Saji, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya, Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), and the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
On November 1, 2004, Ketaka, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
On November 1, 2004, Shikano, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya and Ketaka (all from Ketaka District), the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
On November 1, 2004, Aoya, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.
An auto-antonym or autantonym, also called a contronym, contranym or Janus word, is a word with multiple meanings (senses) of which one is the reverse of another.
An auto-antonym is alternatively called an antagonym, Janus word (after the Roman god with two faces), enantiodrome, enantionym, self-antonym, antilogy, or addad (Arabic, singular didd).
In many languages, a word stem associated with a single event may treat the action of that event as unitary, so it can refer to any of the doings or persons on either side of the transaction, that is, to the action of either the subject or the object, or to either the person who does something or the person to whom (or for whom) it is done.
On October 1, 2004, Hawai, along with the town of Tōgō, and the village of Tomari (all from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Yurihama.
On October 1, 2004, Tomari, along with the towns of Hawai and Tōgō (all from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Yurihama.
On October 1, 2004, Tōgō, along with the town of Hawai, and the village of Tomari (all from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Yurihama.
As of June 1, 2016, the town has an estimated population of 6,407 and a density of 27.4 persons per km².
It is believed that bathing one in such waters can be good for one's health, although there is no scientific consensus on whether doing so is detrimental or helpful to one's health (see Radiation hormesis).
20 by Dmitri Shostakovich was first performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and Academy Capella Choir under Aleksandr Gauk on 21 January 1930 (the anniversary of Lenin's death).
The symphony is scored for mixed chorus and an orchestra of 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, snare drum, cymbals, bass drum, tam-tam, glockenspiel, xylophone, and strings.
The band's style makes use of electronic and traditional instruments and has variously been categorized as dance-punk, post-punk revival, new wave, and art-punk.
Following on from this, on April 5, the band announced via Twitter they would be releasing their fifth and final self-titled album on June 24.
Dustin Hawthorne, a drugstore clerk, and Steve Bays, a personal assistant, had been in many different bands together since 1995 and met Paul Hawley in 1998.
In 1999, Hawley bought a Juno 6 keyboard and asked Bays to try playing it, as no one else knew how.
Although Hot Hot Heat got its start as a hardcore band, by the time it made contact with Sub Pop, its sound had mutated into what would soon be known as dance-punk.
The track had been on the B list on the station, guaranteeing 15 plays a week and a potential audience of millions.
Guitarist Dante DeCaro announced his departure from the band in October 2004, but stayed to complete their next album, and in 2005 joined Montreal band Wolf Parade.
Hot Hot Heat played an opening set for American synth rock group The Killers at Red Rocks Amphitheatre on May 17, 2007.
on their MySpace page as a sample of the album, and it was released on iTunes as a single on May 15.
Hot Hot Heat toured in 2007 with Snow Patrol as their opening act on the U.S. leg of their summer tour.
Experimenting with 5/4 disco grooves and electro loops, they went into the studio with producer/musician Ryan Dahle from Limblifter/Age of Electric awhile doing a brief Canadian tour opening for Bloc Party.
At some point during this period Dustin Hawthorne apparently left the band with little to no explanation as to why since.
To build anticipation for the release the band performed residencies at small clubs in NY (Public Assembly in May), and in LA (Bootleg Theater in June).
In response to a fan's question on Twitter, Hot Hot Heat mentioned a release for an album in the fall of 2015.
On Friday June 24, 2016 Hot Hot Heat released a 10 track self-titled album and announced it would be their final album.
On October 1, 2005, Hōjō, along with the town of Daiei (also from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Hokuei.
On October 1, 2005, Daiei, along with the town of Hōjō (also from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Hokuei.
On September 1, 2004, Tōhaku, along with the town of Akasaki (also from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Kotoura.
On September 1, 2004, Akasaki, along with the town of Tōhaku (also from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Kotoura.
The closest rail station to Nanbu is Yonago Station in Yonago, served by the JR West San'in Main Line and JR West Sakai Line.
On October 1, 2004, Aimi, along with the town of Saihaku (also from Saihaku District), was merged to create the town of Nanbu.
Ovens (from the ) is a small village and Roman Catholic parish adjacent to the town of Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland.
The 2006 census recorded that the population of the village was 1,703 - an increase of 62.1% from the 2002 Census.
On January 1, 2005, Kishimoto, along with the town of Mizokuchi (from Hino District), was merged to create the town of Hōki (in Saihaku District).
Hiezu faces the Miho Bay on the Sea of Japan and is surrounded on three sides by the city of Yonago.
Hiezu sits at east the mouth of the Hino River (), which crosses much of western Tottori Prefecture before emptying into the Sea of Japan.
Hiezu became part of the Kayashima shōen estate after this period, but all three areas of the village were destroyed by fire in 1571 in a regional conflict during the Sengoku period (1467 – 1573).
By 1617 the village came under the control of the Ikeda clan, which controlled Hiezu as part of the Tottori Domain through the Edo period (1603 – 1868).
As of June 1, 2016, Daisen had an estimated population of 16,357 and a population density of 86.2 persons per km².
The mountain was an early center of Shinto and Buddhist practice, and the town has numerous designated Cultural Properties of Japan.
The north of the town has a broad coast along the Japan Sea, and its inland area sweeps up to the Chūgoku Region, specifically Mount Daisen.
The town of Daisen was formed from the merger of the towns of Nakayama and Nawa, both from Saihaku District, on March 28, 2005.
On March 28, 2005, Nawa, along with the town of Nakayama (also from Saihaku District), was merged into the expanded town of Daisen.
On March 28, 2005, Nakayama, along with the town of Nawa (also from Saihaku District), was merged into the expanded town of Daisen.
The total area is , representing 10% of the total area of Tottori Prefecture, and making it the largest administrative district in the prefecture.
The Nichinan Cultural Center (785 Kasumi, Nichinan, Tottori), located next to the Nichinan Town Hall, houses the town's three main cultural facilities in one building.
In the Sengoku period (1467 – 1573) the Hino clan built Kagamiyama Castle on Mount Kagami () in the Kurosaka area of Hino.
As of October 2016, the town has an estimated population of 2,950, with a population density of 24 persons per km².
The southern part of the town, which borders Okayama Prefecture, is at a high altitude and is dominated by Mount Giboshi (), Mount Mihira (), and Mount Kenashi ().
Yatai (food stalls) of various kinds come and set up shop along the main road in Ebi, and people from all over come to participate in this festival.
There is a sumo tournament in the early morning among the men who live in the town, and there is even a tournament for the school children as well.
The dance has been passed down for 500 years since the death of the lord who ruled over the town, and it is done in remembrance of him and to also wish for a plentiful harvest and successful year.
The pinnacle of the festival occurs when townspeople light the hill facing the park on fire, spelling out the festival's name (十七夜) on the side of the hill.
On January 1, 2005, Mizokuchi, along with the town of Kishimoto (from Saihaku District), was merged to create the town of Hōki (in Saihaku District).
Hino District belonged to Hōki Province, a former old province of Japan that covered the western part of present-day Tottori Prefecture.
From the middle of the Kamakura period to the end of the Nanboku-chō period, from roughly the 13th to 14th centuries, the district was controlled by the Hino and Kamonamochi clans.
Various clans took control of the district in the Sengoku period (1467 – 1573), but the area was ultimately unified under the Ikeda clan, who ruled from Tottori Castle in present-day Tottori City.
At the beginning of the Edo period (1603 – 1868) the district had 173 villages; by the end of the period, they numbered 165.
In 1858 Hino was separated into two districts, but records from the period indicate the borders of the area were, in general, poorly defined.
Under the administrative reforms of the Meiji period (1868 – 1912) Hino District was re-established, and in 1889 consisted of 29 villages.
He was born in Sussex, New Brunswick, the son of William Pugsley, of United Empire Loyalist descent, and Frances Jane Hayward.
The University of New Brunswick awarded him a BCL in 1879 and would confer honorary degrees of DCL in 1884 and LL.D in 1918.
Pugsley, a Liberal, served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Solicitor-General and Attorney-General in various Liberal governments before becoming premier in 1907.
He resigned in September of that year to become minister of public works in the federal Liberal government of Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
He served in that position until the government's defeat in the 1911 federal election, but remained as a Member of Parliament (MP) until 1917 when he was appointed the 15th Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick.
When his term ended in 1923, he was appointed to a federal position in charge of settling war claims, and held that position until his death.
In the , the indigenous were engaged in trade in a vast territory encompassing the south of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, parts of El Salvador and Nicaragua.
In the exercise of this industry they reached the South Coast of Honduras, and founded the settlement of what is now the city of Choluteca hundreds of years before the Spanish conquest.
Upon independence from Spain, the department of Choluteca was created on June 28, 1825, as one of the seven original departments in which Honduras was divided after independence during the government of the first head of state of Honduras, Dionisio de Herrera.
The head of the department is the city of Choluteca, which is located on the Choluteca river that crosses the department.
Choluteca is bordered to the north by the departments of Francisco Morazán and El Paraíso, to the west by the Golfo de Fonseca and the department of Valle, and to the east and south by Nicaragua.
On January 1, 2006, Nokami, along with the town of Misato (also from Kaisō District), was merged to create the town of Kimino.
On January 1, 2006, Misato, along with the town of Nokami (also from Kaisō District), was merged to create the town of Kimino.
On November 11, 2005, Uchita, along with the towns of Kishigawa, Kokawa, Momoyama and Naga (all from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Kinokawa.
On November 11, 2005, Kokawa, along with the towns of Kishigawa, Momoyama, Naga and Uchita (all from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Kinokawa.
On November 11, 2005, Naga, along with the towns of Kishigawa, Kokawa, Momoyama and Uchita (all from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Kinokawa.
On November 11, 2005, Momoyama, along with the towns of Kishigawa, Kokawa, Naga and Uchita (all from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Kinokawa.
On November 11, 2005, Kishigawa, along with the towns of Kokawa, Momoyama, Naga and Uchita (all from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Kinokawa.
Trujillo was the site of the first Catholic Mass in the American mainland, held when Christopher Columbus reached the Honduran shore in 1502.
The Fort of Santa Barbara, built by the Spaniards in the colonial era, was the site of the execution of US filibuster William Walker in Trujillo, and his remains are buried in the city's graveyard.
Historically, the Delaware and Raritan rivers have provided transportation of goods and people inland from the Atlantic Ocean, and were once connected by the Delaware and Raritan Canal.
At the end of January 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 53,280, with 20,945 households and a population density of 1,400 persons per km².
Iwade was formerly located within the former Naga District until April 1, 2006, when Iwade gained city status which dissolved the district.
Iwade was one of the 6 towns in Naga District, but on November 7, 2005, 5 towns merged to form the new city of Kinokawa.
After the town grew to more than 50,000 people as of the 2005 census and at the request of residents, Iwade decided to gain city status alone.
The cities able to gain city status alone in Japan were Tomisato in Chiba Prefecture (formerly part of Inba District) and Tomigusuku in Okinawa Prefecture (formerly part of Shimajiri District) on April 1, 2002.
The only town to gain city status alone is Arida as written above, but in the Kinki Region, it has been 4 and a half years since the town Ritto in Shiga Prefecture gained city status alone on October 1, 2001.
As of October 1, 2016, the town has an estimated population of 16,686 and a density of 110 persons per km².
As of October 1, 2016, the town has an estimated population of 3,279 and a density of 24 persons per km².
We had taken a trip to the village of Hiro Mura, where formerly lived Hamaguchi Goryo, the benevolent patron of his village, whose act of self-sacrifice in burning his rice straw in order to guide the bewildered villagers to a place of safety when they were being overwhelmed by a tidal wave in the darkness of midnight, has been made the theme of one of Lafcadio Hearn’s interesting tales.
Mr. Hearn, it appears, had never visited the locality; and, indeed, we were assured that we were the first foreigners who had ever been in the village streets.
A former pupil of mine is at the head of a flourishing school patronized by the Hamaguchi family; and having accepted his invitation, in the name of the entire region, to visit them and speak to the school and to the teachers of the Prefecture, the cordial greeting, hospitable entertainment, and the surpassingly beautiful scenery, afforded a rich reward for the three or four days of time required.
On the way back to Wakayama – for Hiro Mura is more than twenty miles from the nearest railway station- three men to each jinrikisha, running with scarcely a pause and at a rate that would have gained credit for any horse as a fairly good roadster, brought us to the well-situated tea-house at Wakano-ura.
For centuries the most celebrated of Japanese poets with the women gathering seaweed at low tide, the fishermen in the offing, the stocks standing on one leg in the water or flying above the rushed of the salt marsh.
Here we were met for tiffin by the Governor of the Prefecture and the mayor of the city, and immediately after escorted to the city hall of Wakayama where an audience of some eight hundred, officials and teachers, had already assembled.
While in the waiting-room of this hall, a telegram from Mr. Yokoi was handed to me, announcing that Marquis Ito had already left Oiso and would reach Kyoto that very evening and arrange to see me the next day.
On January 1, 2006, Kibi, along with the towns of Kanaya and Shimizu (all from Arida District), was merged to create the town of Aridagawa.
A fossil tooth of the 20-foot-long Ginsu Shark Cretoxyrhina from 100 to 82 million years ago in the Cretaceous period has been found at Atagoyama, Kibi-Cho.
Osamu Higashio, a former professional baseball player (1969-1988) and manager of the Saitama Seibu Lions from 1995-2001, was born in Kibi-cho.
It is related to Seeing Essential English (SEE-I), a manual sign system created in 1945, based on the morphemes of English words.
SEE-II models much of its sign vocabulary from American Sign Language (ASL), but modifies the handshapes used in ASL in order to use the handshape of the first letter of the corresponding English word.
The four components of signs are handshape (static or dynamic), orientation (the direction of the palm), location (where the sign is performed relative to the body), and movement (trajectory shape, trajectory size, direction of motion, and planar orientation).
At the time, there was dissatisfaction with the levels of educational achievement of deaf children, as difficulties with syntax and morphology were impacting their writing skills.
With growing concern over the low levels of literacy and other academic skills attained by the majority of deaf students, manually coded sign systems began to develop.
The first manual English System (SEE-I) was developed by David Anthony, a deaf teacher, with input from other deaf educators as well as parents of deaf children.
This system was viewed as inadequate by other members of Anthony's team and Gerilee Gustason, a deaf woman and deaf educator, along with other members of the original SEE-I team developed SEE-II.
SEE-II was devised to give Deaf and hard of hearing children the same English communicative potential as their typically hearing peers.
Unlike ASL, which is a real language and has its own unique grammar system, SEE-II is an exact visual model of spoken English and allows children with hearing loss to access grammatically correct English, just as all hearing children receive in educational settings.
SEE employs English word order, the addition of affixes and tenses, the creation of new signs not represented in ASL and the use of initials with base signs to distinguish from English synonyms.
Usually only the handshapes at the start and end of a dynamic sign are important to understanding the meaning of each sign.
ASL is a complete, unique language, meaning that it not only has its own vocabulary but its own grammar and syntax that differs from spoken English.
SEE-II is not a true language but rather a system of gestural signs that rely on the signs from language of ASL to communicate in English through signs and fingerspelling.
The reason SEE-II signs vary from ASL is to add clarity so that the exact English word meant for the conversation is understood.
This is called an initialized sign- the meaning of the sign is clarified by initializing the sign with the first letter of the intended English word.
Because SEE-II is a manual version of spoken English, SEE-II and its variants may be easy for English speakers to learn.
A small survey of 46 former students of a school in the Northwest that uses SEE indicated that many graduated high school and attended college.
Deaf Community members born in the 1980s were most often raised on some form of signing and speaking and do so in their adult lives.
Because unlike coded manual forms of English, such as SEE-II, ASL is a naturally-evolved language, it is vitally important for children who use SEE to have opportunities to learn ASL as well.
However, it is advocated by some educators as a way of providing deaf children with access to a visual form of the English language.
Young children must be taught which signs have incomplete English morphemic representations just as occurs when children learn to read English writing systems, just are incomplete at time but serve a valuable purpose (as does SEE).
To learn more about SEE and its effectiveness, read the most current research available in the two major journals in the field of Deaf Education.
ASL proponents argue that SEE-II takes the direct communications method used in the grammatical structure of American Sign Language (ASL) and fills it with English based prepositions and articles that slow down communication and make it more difficult for the communicative partners to follow along.
In the United States, about two-thirds of teachers who have deaf or hard of hearing students instruct with some sort of sign language or manually coded system; this can include ASL, SEE-II, SEE-I, or Signed/Manual English, or a combination thereof.
The debate is whether SEE-II benefits children enough to justify its teaching in place of ASL which is only used by 6% of children today.
Proponents of SEE-II demonstrate through research that the system is useful in helping children learn to listen, speak, understand and use English as well as read and write English as do their same-age peers.
They further claim that SEE-II can exist as a practical alternative to ASL without hindering the learning of ASL, because it is easier to learn for native verbal English speakers, such as individuals with partial hearing loss or no hearing impairment.
Opponents point to the logistical disadvantages of trying to promote the mainstream use of a manually coded system, which is not a real language, and dispute that SEE-II offers advantages to warrant educational resources which could be put toward encouraging universal adoption of ASL.
On January 1, 2006, Kanaya, along with the towns of Kibi and Shimizu (all from Arida District), was merged to create the town of Aridagawa.
They were at their most popular during the early 1980s, during a period when other ska revival bands such as Madness, the Specials and the Selecter filled the charts.
Fronted by Buster Bloodvessel (born Douglas Trendle), the band was formed in 1976 while the members were together at Woodberry Down Comprehensive School near Manor House, North London.
The band was also banned from Italian TV after Bloodvessel mooned a concert audience, after being told that the Pope was watching on TV.
The album was assisted with a television advertisement promotion, and it brought the band back to the attention of the media and the British public - but no further chart hits.
After Bad Manners disbanded for a brief spell after their deal with Portrait Records ended, Buster Bloodvessel formed a new outfit called Buster's Allstars in 1987, which enabled him and a few of his friends to continue performing in and around London.
The capital's venues were often packed to capacity and this prompted the then 20 stone vocalist to reform Bad Manners with his fellow original members Louis Alphonso, Martin Stewart, Winston Bazoomies and Chris Kane.
During 1988, the revamped Bad Manners band line-up started to play a number of shows at universities and at scooter rallies and they licensed the name and logo of Blue Beat Records, setting up office inside a 50 ft barge called the Blood Vessel in the back garden of Buster Bloodvessel's's former home in London.
In 1996, Buster Bloodvessel moved to Margate and opened a hotel on the seafront called Fatty Towers, which catered for people with huge appetites.
While living in Margate, he was a regular spectator at Margate F.C., and Bad Manners sponsored the club for one season.
Buster Bloodvessel is the only original member to remain in Bad Manners, but the harmonica player, Winston Bazoomies, is an 'honorary member' of the band.
He now lives a quiet life in Middlesex with his family, and most recently played the keyboards in a band called The Skatalysts.
Louis Alphonso lives in Paris and released his 'A Noir' solo album on the French Fries record label in 2015, while his fellow musician, David Farren, left in 1987 after the band's contract with Portrait Records ended.
He also enjoys visiting Sweden during his spare time but he can still be seen playing his saxophone with numerous outfits.
The drummer has been performing with Ben Russell & The Charmers in recent times while also working with the Barry White Unlimited Love Tour at various venues in the UK, while Andrew Marson, who also left the group the same year, has worked as a carpenter in and around London and also enjoys performing in a country and western outfit called The Drawbacks.
Paul Hyman, another original member who left the band in the late 80s, lives in Enfield and works in the London Stock Exchange, a job he has had since leaving Bad Manners.
In December 2012, founding members of the band met for the first time in decades at the Ship public house in Soho, London.
Paul Hyman, Martin Stewart, Brian Tuitt and Chris Kane met with band historian and harmonica player David Turner, and Christopher 'Dell' Wardell, a music writer and promoter from Darlington.
On 18 July 2013, seven of the original nine members reunited at The Brownswood public house, near Finsbury Park, that is within striking distance of their old school, Woodbery Down Comprehensive.
The 'Bad Manners Originals' who attended the reunion were Andy Marson (alto sax), Paul Hyman (trumpet), Alan Sayag (harmonicas), Chris Kane (tenor sax), David Farren (bass), Martin Stewart (keyboards) and Brian Tuitt (drums).
On January 1, 2006, Shimizu, along with the towns of Kanaya and Kibi (all from Arida District), was merged to create the town of Aridagawa.
On May 1, 2005, Kawabe, along with the villages of Miyama and Nakatsu (all from Hidaka District), was merged to create the town of Hidakagawa.
On May 1, 2005, Nakatsu, along with the town of Kawabe, and the village of Miyama (all from Hidaka District), was merged to create the town of Hidakagawa.
His parents both worked long hours and paid little attention to their children at home; he would later describe feeling ignored by his mother in particular, and resenting her for it.
He would often spy on female neighbors while dressed in women's clothing, including women's underwear that he had stolen, and masturbate with ropes or other bindings around his arms and neck.
Upon discharge, he moved to Park City, where he worked in the meat department of a Leekers IGA supermarket where his mother was a bookkeeper.
He worked at the Wichita-based office of ADT Security Services from 1974 to 1988, where he installed security alarms as part of his job, in many cases for homeowners concerned about the BTK killings.
In this position, neighbors recalled him as being sometimes overzealous and extremely strict, as well as taking special pleasure in bullying and harassing single women.
The victims were Joseph Otero, aged 38, Julie Otero, age 33, and two children: Joseph Otero Jr. age 9, and Josephine Otero age 11.
Their bodies were discovered by the family's eldest child, Charlie Otero, who was in 10th grade at the time, as he returned home from school.
Rader wrote a letter that had been stashed inside an engineering book in the Wichita Public Library in October 1974, which described in detail the killing of the Otero family in January of that year.
In early 1978, he sent another letter to television station KAKE in Wichita, claiming responsibility for the murders of the Oteros, Kathryn Bright, Shirley Vian and Nancy Fox.
He demanded media attention in this second letter, and it was finally announced that Wichita did indeed have a serial killer at large.
He also intended to kill others, such as Anna Williams, who in 1979, aged 63, escaped death by returning home much later than expected.
He spent hours waiting at her home, but became impatient and left when she did not return home from visiting friends.
Marine Hedge, aged 53, was found on May 5, 1985, at East 53rd Street North between North Webb Road and North Greenwich Road in Wichita.
Rader had killed her on April 27, 1985, and he took her dead body to his church, the Christ Lutheran Church, where he was the president of the church council.
Rader had previously stored black plastic sheets and other materials at the church in preparation for the murder and then later dumped the body in a remote ditch.
In 1988, after the murders of three members of the Fager family in Wichita, a letter was received from someone claiming to be the BTK killer, in which the author of the letter denied being the perpetrator of the Fager murders.
Additionally, two of the women Rader had stalked in the 1980s and one he had stalked in the mid-1990s filed restraining orders against him; one of them also moved away.
His final victim, Dolores E. Davis, was found on February 1, 1991, at West 117th Street North and North Meridian Street in Park City.
Then, Rader began a series of 11 communications to the local media that led directly to his arrest in February 2005.
The author of the letter claimed that he had murdered Vicki Wegerle on September 16, 1986, and enclosed photographs of the crime scene and a photocopy of her driver's license, which had been stolen at the time of the crime.
On June 9, 2004, a package was found taped to a stop sign at the corner of First and Kansas in Wichita.
In July, a package was dropped into the return slot at the downtown public library containing more bizarre material, including the claim that he was responsible for the death of 19-year-old Jake Allen in Argonia, Kansas, earlier that month.
After his capture, Rader admitted in his interrogation that he had been planning to kill again and he had set a date, October 2004, and was stalking his intended victim.
It had many cards with images of terror and bondage of children pasted on them, a poem threatening the life of lead investigator Lt. Ken Landwehr, and a false autobiography with many details about Rader's life.
It had the driver's license of Nancy Fox, which was noted as stolen from the crime scene, as well as a doll that was symbolically bound at the hands and feet, and had a plastic bag tied over its head.
In January 2005, Rader attempted to leave a cereal box in the bed of a pickup truck at a Home Depot in Wichita, but the box was discarded by the truck's owner.
Surveillance tape of the parking lot from that date revealed a distant figure driving a black Jeep Cherokee leaving the box in the pickup.
In February, more postcards were sent to KAKE, and another cereal box left at a rural location was found to contain another bound doll, apparently meant to symbolize the murder of 11-year-old Josephine Otero.
In his letters to police, Rader asked if his writings, if put on a floppy disk, could be traced or not.
Police found metadata embedded in a deleted Microsoft Word document that was, unknown to Rader, still stored on the floppy disk.
They obtained a warrant to test the DNA of a pap smear Rader's daughter had taken at the Kansas State University medical clinic when she was a student there.
The DNA of the pap smear was processed by the Kansas Bureau of Investigation at their lab in Topeka, and demonstrated a familial match to the sample taken from Wegerle's fingernails.
This indicated that the killer was closely related to Rader's daughter, and was the evidence the police needed to make an arrest.
Wichita Police, the Kansas Bureau of Investigation, the FBI, and ATF agents searched Rader's home and vehicle, seizing evidence including computer equipment, a pair of black pantyhose retrieved from a shed, and a cylindrical container.
The church he attended, his office at City Hall, and the main branch of the Park City library were also searched.
the Sedgwick County district attorney denied this but refused to say whether Rader made any confessions or if investigators were looking into Rader's possible involvement in more unsolved killings.
On March 5, news sources claimed to have verified by multiple sources that Rader had confessed to the 10 murders he was charged with, but no other ones.
On May 3, the judge entered not guilty pleas on Rader's behalf, as Rader did not speak at his arraignment; however, on June 27, the scheduled trial date, Rader changed his plea to guilty.
At Rader's August 18 sentencing, victims' families made statements, after which Rader apologized in a rambling 30-minute monologue that the prosecutor likened to an Academy Awards acceptance speech.
His statement has been described as an example of an often-observed phenomenon among psychopaths: their inability to understand the emotional content of language.
Rader talked about innocuous topics such as the weather during the 40-minute drive to El Dorado, but began to cry when the victims' families' statements from the court proceedings came on the radio.
He is now in solitary confinement for his protection (with one hour of exercise per day, and showers three times per week).
Following Rader's arrest, police in Wichita, Park City and several surrounding cities looked into unsolved cases with the cooperation of the state police and the FBI.
Police in surrounding states such as Nebraska, Missouri, Colorado, Oklahoma and Texas also investigated cold cases that fit Rader's pattern to some extent.
After exhaustive investigations, none of these agencies discovered any further murders attributable to Rader, confirming early suspicions that Rader would have taken credit for any additional murders that he had committed.
The ten known murders are now believed to be the only murders for which Rader is actually responsible, although Wichita police are fairly certain that Rader stalked and researched a number of other potential victims.
This includes one person who was saved when Rader called off his planned attack upon his arrival near the target's home due to the presence of construction and road crews nearby.
Massachusetts psychologist Robert Mendoza was hired by Rader's court-appointed public defenders to conduct a psychological evaluation of Rader, and determine if an insanity-based defense might be viable.
On October 25, 2005, the Kansas attorney general filed a petition to sue Mendoza and Tali Waters, co-owners of Cambridge Forensic Consultants, LLC, for breach of contract, claiming that they intended to benefit financially from the use of information obtained through involvement in Rader's defense.
On May 1, 2005, Miyama, along with the town of Kawabe, and the village of Nakatsu (all from Hidaka District), was merged to create the town of Hidakagawa.
Despite this merger, many local people still identify with the village name, continue their local traditions, and teach village history in the school system.
These include Kawaharagou, Kasamatsu, and Sougawa; each hamlet has an elementary school, with Kawaharagou home to the village's only Junior High School.
On May 1, 2005, Ryūjin, along with the town of Nakahechi, the village of Ōtō (both from Nishimuro District), and the town of Hongū (from Higashimuro District), was merged into the expanded city of Tanabe.
On October 1, 2004, Minabegawa was merged into the expanded town of Minabe and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
The main part of Minabe, including the train station, government buildings, and business district, lies around the basin of the Minabe River as it flows into Minabe Bay on the Pacific Ocean.
There are three distinguishing features of Minabe Bay: Kashima Island situated approximately 1 km offshore, a long non-swimming beach that runs parallel to the central business district, and two prominent rocky points at either end.
Approximately 8 kilometers from the center of town is the lightly populated region of Takagi which features some farmland and houses.
A further 6 kilometers up the river valley is the even smaller region of Kiyokawa, which is the end of Minabe.
The town supports a small business district centered on its train station, as well as 3 full-service hotels and several restaurants and cafes.
The department covers an area of 3,954 km² and, in 2015, had an estimated population of 1,612,762, making it the most populous in Honduras.
The Merendón Mountains rise in western Cortés, but the department is mostly a tropical lowland, the Sula Valley, crossed by the Ulúa and Chamelecon rivers.
US banana companies arrived in the area in the late 19th Century, and established vast plantations, as well as infrastructure to ship the fruit to the United States.
Its beaches has been white sand from the olden days, but some sand was imported from Perth, Australia when waves and typhoons had washed away some sand during the 1980s.
As of January 31, 2012, the town has an estimated population of 23,325, with 11,149 households, and a population density of 116.02 persons per km².
In the 1960s, when Shirahama was connected by rail to Osaka, the city became a popular tourist destination, particularly with honeymooners, and blocky white hotel towers were erected along the coastal road.
Worried that the town of White Beach would lose its white beach, according to a city official, Wakayama Prefecture began in 1989 to import sand from Perth, Australia, 4,700 miles away.
On May 1, 2005, Nakahechi, along with the village of Ryūjin (from Hidaka District), the village of Ōtō (also from Nishimuro District), and the town of Hongū (from Higashimuro District), was merged into the expanded city of Tanabe.
On May 1, 2005 Ōtō, along with the village of Ryūjin (from Hidaka District), the town of Nakahechi (also from Nishimuro District), and the town of Hongū (from Higashimuro District), was merged into the expanded city of Tanabe.
The town has 5 elementary schools, one major Junior High School with a total student body of 450 students, and one High School.
The territory of El Paraíso was initially part of the departments of Tegucigalpa (renamed Francisco Morazán in 1943) and Olancho after Central America gained its independence in 1825.
The department of El Paraíso was created with municipalities taken from the departments of Tegucigalpa and Olancho on 28 May 1869 by congressional decree in the third political division of Honduras, during the presidential term of José María Medina.
On December 28, 1878, Texiguat was moved to the department of Tegucigalpa, but subsequently moved back into El Paraíso on October 28, 1886.
El Paraíso is bordered to the north by the department of Olancho, to the south by the department of de Choluteca, to the east by the Republic of Nicaragua, and to the west by the department of Francisco Morazán.
The Swazi lilangeni was introduced in 1974 at par with the South African rand through the Common Monetary Area, to which it remains tied at a one-to-one exchange rate.
In 1974, coins for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents and 1 lilangeni were introduced, with the 1 and 2 cents struck in bronze and the others struck in cupro-nickel.
Except for the 1 lilangeni, the coins were not round, with the 1 and 50 cents dodecagonal, the 2 cents square with rounded corners and the 5, 10 and 20 cents scalloped.
The 2 cents was last struck in 1982 and in 1986, round, copper-plated steel 1 cent and nickel-brass 1 lilangeni coins were introduced.
From 2009-2011 new coins were introduced in copper-plated steel (5c and 10c), nickel-plated steel (20c, and a 50c piece which was never released into circulation) and brass-plated steel (L1).
The nickel-brass L1 coin dated 1986 and brass coins dated 1995-2009 had the same dimensions and composition as the British £1 coins introduced in 1983, and thus have sometimes been used fraudulently in British vending machines with the value of the one lilangeni coin decreasing from £0.36 in 1986 to £0.05 in 2015, when those L1 coins were demonetised.
On 6 September 1974, the Monetary Authority of Swaziland introduced notes in denominations of 1 lilangeni, 2, 5 and 10 emalangeni, with 20 emalangeni notes following in 1978.
In 1981, the Central Bank of Swaziland (now Eswatini) took over paper money production, first issuing notes commemorating the Diamond jubilee of King Sobhuza II.
The E2 and E5 notes were replaced by coins in 1995, whilst 100 and 200 emalangeni notes were introduced in 1996 and 1998, respectively, with the E200 notes commemorating the 30th anniversary of independence.
On September 5, 2008, the Central Bank of Swaziland issued 100-, and 200-emalangeni notes to commemorate the 40th birthday of King Mswati III and the 40th anniversary of independence.
As of October 1, 2016, the town had an estimated population of 4,011 and a density of 23 persons per km.
Off of the coast of Susami there is an underwater mailbox, which is an officially recognised mail collection point of Susami's postal system.
The former town of Kushimoto was part of Nishimuro District, but the town has strong ties with the city of Shingū and Higashimuro District, both for political and economic reasons.
Though people were known to have inhabited the area since the Asuka period, the earliest known documented settlements were established during the Edo period.
Being in a very strategic location, Kushimoto was home to many military installations during World War II, including the Kushimoto Seaplane Base and Shiono-Misaki Airfield.
Both bases were attacked by the United States Navy and Air Force in 1945, including a naval bombardment on the night of 24/25 July.
Kushimoto (or specifically, Shiono-Misaki) was the epicenter of the Great Nankai earthquake, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake that struck the area on December 21, 1946, at 4:19am.
The first is explained by a strange tree growing in a shrine in Shiono-Misaki, whose seedling is thought to have floated from a far off island to its current resting place.
Owing to its location on the Kii Peninsula in the path of typhoons and the moist winds of the Kuroshio Current, Kushimoto has a very wet climate, receiving an average of of rainfall per year, though it is not quite as wet as Owase further east.
The wettest month was September 1929 with whilst in January 2010 the town received no rain for the second time since records began in 1913 and had the lowest monthly humidity on record at 47 percent.
The cape of Shiono-Misaki, located in the southern tip of the town, has a park and tower marking the southernmost point of Honshū.
The island of Oshima, connected to the main town via the Kushimoto Big Bridge, is home to two museums of foreign origin.
Nevertheless, the meandering Kuroshio warm current that normally protects the coral, led to influx of cold water in 2018 that killed off most of the coral.
Though waves are relatively tame compared with worldwide standards, Kushimoto is a popular surfing spot for locals and people from the bigger cities in the Kansai area.
Festivals grounds are set up at Oshima Port, and two boats ritually race to and from the port on the mainland Kushimoto.
There are direct services to other big cities in the Kansai area, with many limited express trains bound for Shin-Ōsaka Station and Kyōto Station.
As of February 1, 2012, the town has an estimated population of 17,261, with 8,359 households, and a density of 94.09 persons per km².
Created in 1955 from four towns: Nachi, Katsuura, Ukuimura and Wakamura, by 1960 the municipality expanded to include Shimosato farther south and Otamura inland up the Ota River.
Instruments used in both traditional and modern genres of Bhutanese music include the lingm (six-holed flute), the chiwang (Tibetan two-stringed fiddle), and the dramnyen (similar to a large three-stringed rebec); modern musicians often update these instruments for use in rigsar.
Bhutan was first united in the 17th century, during the reign of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (1594–1652); the same period saw a great blossoming of folk music and dance.
Religious music is usually chanted, and its lyrics and dance often reenact namtars, spiritual biographies of saints, and feature distinctive masks and costumes.
The Cham dance is one of the most conspicuous religious musical subgenres in Bhutan, and is shared among Tibetan Buddhists in Tibet and in other countries, having roots in the 8th century.
Performed during modern Bhutanese tsechus (festivals), cham dances act both to achieve enlightenment and to destroy evil forces in a sort of ritual purification.
The music and choreography of the cham dance are heavily associated with Tibetan Buddhism, however some common features derive directly from the Bön religion.
The influence of Drukpa Buddhism and Buddhist music on Bhutanese culture is such that many folk songs and chanting styles are derived from Drukpa music.
While some lamas and monks are credited for composing certain Bhutanese folk music, the majority of its creators are unknown or anonymous.
Like religious music, the lyrics of folk music are most often in literary Dzongkha or Chöke, however there are also several traditional songs in Khengkha and Bumthangkha.
Vocal and behavioral discipline for traditional singing requires thorough training in order to master the correct pitch, facial expressions, gestures, and overall conduct while performing.
Along with traditional music, masked dances and dance dramas are common participatory components of folk music, and feature prominently at Bhutanese tsechus (festivals).
Energetic dancers wearing colorful wooden or composition face masks employ special costumes and music to depict a panoply of heroes, demons, death heads, animals, gods, and caricatures of common people.
The dances enjoy royal patronage and preserve not only ancient folk and religious customs but also perpetuate the art of mask making.
Traditional song and dance are also an integral part of archery in Bhutan, known for lyrics that range from literary and sublime to provocative and burlesque.
It was developed in the 17th century, and is associated with the folk music of the central valleys of Paro, Thimphu, and Punakha, the heart of the Ngalop cultural area.
Zhungdra is characterized by the use of extended vocal tones in complex patterns which slowly decorate a relatively simple instrumental melody.
Zheys originate in the 17th century, and although there is considerable variety among contemporary zheys, most of them share common tunes and dance formats.
Dancers originally performed barefoot and without any elaborate uniform, however the tradition of wearing long gowns, head gear and traditional boots was established in the 1970s.
In honor of the 2011 royal wedding, Bhutanese dancers performed four major zheys (Goen Zhey of Gasa, Wang Zhey of Thimphu, Nub Zhey of Trongsa, Woochupai Zhey of Paro) and four minor zheys (Auley of Laya, Locho of Sha, Bonghur Zhey of Haa, and Miritsemoi Zhey of Chukha).
According to tradition, when he came in 1616 to at Bangdekha below Wakeyla, a place between Gasa and Laya, the people of Goen in Gasa offered the elaborate dance.
Though the Wang Zhey was once routine in rabneys, archery matches, and weddings of well-to-do families, it is now less frequently performed, and young Bhutanese do not know its significance.
They consist of sung couplets, the first of which describes a relevant scenario, followed by the second couplet, which conveys a point such as love, hate, abuse, or ridicule.
The first is a short exchange lines, while the second is a collection of ballads that vary from region to region.
Rigsar can be contrasted from most traditional music in its updated electronic instrumentation, faster rhythm, and vernacular language, especially Dzongkha and Tsangla.
Rigsar gained popularity on the Bhutan Broadcasting Service, making way for the rigsar band Tashi Nencha to established the first recording studio in Thimphu in 1991.
By the end of the 1980s, rigsar was no longer so popular, its detractors citing repetitive, simple tunes that were often copied directly from foreign music.
Since 1995, with founding of the Norling Drayang recording label, rigsar has returned to relative popularity as a fusion of elements and instruments from English language pop, Indian and Nepalese music.
Rigsar remains ubiquitous in Bhutan, heard in on public streets, in taxis, and on buses, and even used by the government to deliver health and sanitation education.
Bhutan has also been seeing a boom in the popular music such as the B-Pop show that was held to promote creativity in May 2018 by M-Studio in collaboration with the Ministry of Information and Communications.
The Royal Academy of Performing Arts (RAPA) has worked under royal prerogative to document, preserve, and promote traditional Bhutanese music, song, and dance since 1954.
The Royal University of Bhutan Institute of Language and Cultural Studies (ILCS) at Semtokha, Thimphu, was the only university level institute to offer elective courses on traditional and modern Bhutanese music, song, and dance as of 2003.
The ensemble includes members from north, east and south of Bhutan, making it one of the more culturally diverse music groups in Bhutan.
Khuju Luyang won the folk music and dance competition in 2006 and received the silver medal from the Royal Government of Bhutan for preservation of folk dance and music.
As of March 31, 2011, the town had an estimated population of 3,428 and a population density of 541 persons per km.
Taiji is the smallest local government by area in Wakayama Prefecture because, unlike others, it has not experienced a merger since 1889, when the village of Moriura was merged into Taiji.
Taiji has long been well known as a whaling town and spearheaded the development of more sophisticated whaling techniques in the 17th century.
Japanese traditional whaling techniques were developed here in the 17th century, and the commercial hunting and catching of dolphins remains a major source of income for its residents to this day.
The people of Taiji experienced great loss and economic hardship after an incident in 1878, when a large group of whalers were lost at sea while hunting a whale.
Refusing to cut the whale loose until it was too late, many whalers drowned or were otherwise adrift and lost at sea as a result.
Whalers from the town of Taiji continue to hunt small whales such as melon-headed and pilot whales as well as dolphins, commercial activities which are not regulated by the International Whaling Commission.
Whalers from Taiji also participate in the annual hunt for minke whales which is sanctioned under IWC regulations for scientific purposes.
According to the Fisheries Research Agency, 1,623 dolphins were caught in Wakayama Prefecture; this figure represents about 13% of the total national dolphin catch for that year.
Some people who appeared in the film, including Taiji assemblyman Hisato Ryono, have stated that the documentary's producers lied to them about the film's intended content.
Since the film's release, more activists than before, many from outside Japan, have gone to Taiji to observe or protest the annual dolphin slaughter which usually begins in September 1 and continues through the end of February.
As a result, the town announced in July 2011 that it was reinforcing its police presence at the cove where the killings take place by operating a 24-hour, 10-man kōban in order to prevent confrontations between activists and locals.
The average amount of methylmercury found in the hair samples was 11.0 parts per million for men and 6.63 ppm for women, compared with an average of 2.47 ppm for men and 1.64 ppm for women in tests conducted in 14 other locations in Japan.
From the total population, 182 Taiji residents who showed relatively high mercury levels over 7.2 ppm, including 18 men and 5 women over 50 ppm, underwent further medical testing to check for neurological symptoms of mercury poisoning.
However, the study makes no mention of specific causes of death nor does it mention relevant age demographics: as Taiji has 1,225 elderly residents (aged 65 years or older) and Kozagawa has 1,531 elderly residents, both towns have more elderly residents, up to twice as many, as towns mentioned in the study, such as Hiezuson, Tottori (699).
Hair from 700 Taiji residents were tested for mercury; 117 males and 77 females who showed over 10 ppm underwent further neurological tests.
It features two screens – a fully functional interior screen, and a restricted-function external screen, which operates on a stripped-down Series 40 user interface.
Built-in software includes a word processor, spreadsheet and presentation program, which are compatible with the Microsoft Office suite equivalents; also featured is an MP3 player.
In addition to the software applications provided by Nokia, a large range of third-party software is available; many programs written for older Nokia Communicators are compatible with the 9500 and new software can be written in C++ or OPL.
The 9500 also runs Java ME applications, but some do not make full use of the unusually large and wide screen, so that many existing Java games will run, but only use the top left hand corner of the screen.
There were many rumors that a U.S. version with 850 MHz radio capability was going to be made, but it never materialized.
Nokia was producing simultaneously the 9500 and its related version, the 9300, so they decided to make a U.S. version of the 9300 instead.
On April 1, 2005, Koza was merged into the expanded town of Kushimoto (formerly from Nishimuro District, now within Higashimuro District).
According to the census of 2005, 162 people engage in primary industry, 196 people engage in secondary industry, and 927 people engage in third industry.
The Kelham Island Museum is an industrial museum on Alma Street, alongside the River Don, in the centre of Sheffield, England.
The island on which it is located is man-made, resulting from the construction of a mill race, in the 12th century, which diverted water from the River Don to power a corn mill belonging to the Lord of the Manor.
It is reported that the island was subsequently named after the Town Armourer, Kellam Homer, who owned a grinding workshop on the neighbouring goit (mill race) in 1637.
Having remained meadowland for much of its existence, John Crowley's Iron Foundry was built on the site in 1829 and continued in operation until the 1890s.
This building was replaced by a power station, in 1899, to provide electricity for the new fleet of trams in the city.
The museum houses exhibitions on science and Sheffield industry, including examples of reconstructed little mesters' workshops and England's largest surviving Bessemer converter.
The museum gives tours to local schools and has regular demonstrations of the 1905 River Don Engine, a 12,000 horsepower (9 MW) steam engine, which originally powered a local armour plate rolling mill.
The engine is remarkable for its ability to change direction very quickly, a feature that was necessary for the efficient rolling of heavy steel.
The engine rolled steel for nuclear reactors towards the end of its life (it was last used in production in 1978 at the River Don Works).
On May 1, 2005, Hongū, along with the village of Ryūjin (from Hidaka District), the town of Nakahechi, and the village of Ōtō (both from Nishimuro District), was merged into the expanded city of Tanabe.
Alexander S. MacMillan (October 31, 1871 – August 7, 1955) was a Nova Scotia politician and businessman, the province's 13th premier.
He made his fortune in lumbering and construction before being made chairman of the Nova Scotia Highways Board in 1920 and serving briefly as minister of highways in 1925.
He was a member of Nova Scotia's appointed upper house, the Legislative Council from 1925 until 1928 when he won a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Liberal.
In 1940, when Premier Angus L. Macdonald went to Ottawa to serve in the wartime cabinet of William Lyon Mackenzie King, MacMillan became premier in his place.
Once a part of the Mosquito Coast, it was formed in 1957 from all of Mosquitia territory and parts of Colón and Olancho departments, with the boundary running along 85° W from Cape Camarón south.
Gracias a Dios department covers a total surface area of 16,997 km² and, in 2015, had an estimated population of 94,450.
Although it is the second largest department in the country, it is sparsely populated, and contains extensive pine savannas, swamps, and rainforests.
Due to its remoteness and the Honduran government having a relatively low ability to fight crime, trafficking of narcotics is common in Gracias a Dios.
Located on the Caribbean Sea, not far east of the entrance to the Gulf of Honduras, they are clearly visible from the mountainous mainland.The group is made up of the three large islands, Utila, Roatan, and Guanaja, and the smaller islands, or island groups, St. Helena, Barbareta, Morat, and, closest to the mainland, the two Hog Islands (Cayos Cochinos).
The island's southern coast has an abundance of deep ports and wide inlets, or 'bights', protected by reefs, while its northern coast is, save for a few narrow passages, largely inaccessible due to extensive coral reef growth.
The island of St. Helene has been described as a virtual extension of Roatán, since it is separated only by a long stretch of mangrove swamp.
This island has a small elevated hill at its center, but is characterized by a large number of caves, most of which are located along a cliff on its western end.
Utila is third in size and is characterized by low mangrove swamps and a few small, low hills on its eastern end; the soils on this island are surprisingly fertile, perhaps owing to the islands's flat topography as well as volcanic tuffs and basalt lavas through coralline limestone.
They were anciently known as Las Guanajas, from Guanaja, first seen by Christopher Columbus in his 4th and last voyage to the New World, on July 30, 1502.
It was from this island that he then encountered the coast of the American continent, on which he landed on the 14th of August following, at the point now called Punta Castilla de Trujillo.
Based on this information, the Queen of Spain did not hesitate to issue a decree, granting license to the Spaniards to capture and sell the islanders.
Due to this inhuman decision, in 1516, Diego Velasquez, governor of Cuba, authorized several companies aiming to serve on the Indian slave trade.
Claibourne was granted a formal patent in 1638 by the Providence Company to establish a colony on the island of Roatán.
These invaders conducted a number of successful piratical raids against the Spanish, and in 1650 four Spanish war ships, under one Francisco Villalva y Toledo, attempted to drive the buccaneers from Roatán.
The first records indicating permanent English settlements in the Bay Islands show that Port Royal, on the island of Roatán, was again occupied in the year 1742.
In this year the British made an attempt to gain possession of most of the Caribbean coast of Central America, and in doing so, rebuilt the old fort on Roatán.
On August 2nd of that year, the Major wrote a letter to a Mr. Edward Trelawny, Governor of Jamaica, describing Spanish harassment of English settlements...
vessels cruised in the neighborhood, the object of the whole being to intercept the ships plying between the kingdom of Guatemala and Cuba.
Six years later, in 1788, England completely evacuated all of her settlements in the Bay Islands as well as on the Miskito Shore.
According to the Honduran historian, Durón, the British employed two men-of-war and a brigantine, landing the deportees in April, not February, in 1797.
This state of things continued until May, 1830, when the superintendent of the British establishment of Belize, as a measure of coercion against the republic, which had refused to surrender certain runaway slaves, made a descent on Roatan and seized it on behalf of the British crown.
The republic of Central America had meantime been dissolved, and the feeble state of Honduras was left alone to contest these violent proceedings.
Some time in this year, a petition was drawn up by the British party, addressed to the governor of Jamaica, asking him to name magistrates and assume supreme authority in the island.
Jolly, in H. B. M.'s ship-of-war Bermuda, was sent to the islands, who called a meeting of the inhabitants, and declared them under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.
Chief Justice Fitzgibbon protested against the whole proceeding...In spite of this protest, however, and backed by the guns of the Bermuda, the authorities appointed by Sir Charles Grey were duly installed in the islands.
The proclamation of these islands as a British colony, attracted immediate attention in the United States, where it was universally regarded as a direct violation of the convention of July 5, 1850, known as the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty.
Expostulations to this effect were at once addressed by the American government to that of the United Kingdom, and an elaborate correspondence was carried on through the years 1854–1856, between Mr. Buchanan, American minister in London, and Lord Clarendon, on the subject, but without any satisfactory result.
The United Kingdom hastily augmented her naval forces on the West India station, and her example was promptly followed by the United States; and, for a time, the peace of the two countries hung upon the discretion of a few naval commanders, acting under orders necessarily vague and indefinite.
At a convention held in Guatemala on April 30, 1859, the United Kingdom, under a great deal of pressure from the United States, agreed to surrender the Bay Islands and the Miskito Coast of both Honduras and Nicaragua, if allowed complete freedom of action in the territory known at that time as British Honduras.
This solution was regarded with favor by both parties, and a convention was entered into between the United Kingdom and Honduras, whereby the Bay islands were placed under the sovereignty of the latter state, with the reservation of trial by jury, freedom of conscience, etc., to the actual inhabitants.
They sought the help of American filibuster William Walker in order to put pressure on the British government to keep the islands.
Walker who in 1857 had been deposed from the presidency of Nicaragua, by a Central American army, decided to assist them.
Walker arrived in Honduras, landed in Trujillo with one hundred men, but his efforts to help the English settlers, were in vain.
The Government of Honduras was heavily embroiled with troubles on the mainland, and had little interest in her newly won possessions some off her northern shore.
Honduras took no action at all until April 12, 1861, when her Minister of Foreign Affairs sent a brief note to a Mr. Hall, then British Consul to Honduras.
This note informed Hall that Honduras was not yet prepared to take possession of the Bay Islands, and requested that England remain patient.
It was not until 1902, a year after the death of their beloved Queen Victoria, that many of the islands' English population realized that their assumed British nationality and claims to British protection were no longer valid.
Islander men frequently join on with the merchant marine or work on international cruise ships for several months of the year.
This low-key existence began to change starting in the late 1960s, when tourists discovered the islands’ reefs, beaches, and funky culture.
According to the Honduran Institute of Tourism, during the year 2010 the islands of Roatán received 803,102 cruise shippers, 373,273 more than those received in 2009 (an increase of 86.8%).
As such, the Bay Islands’ economy depends directly on two sectors – tourism and fisheries, representing approximately 50% of gross island product and both closely linked to the archipelago’s environment.
All other activities provide services to these sectors, either directly as in the case of transportation or indirectly such as real estate and construction.
The dynamic character of these sectors has led to accelerated growth over the last two decades, a phenomenon that has induced population growth rates approaching 8% annually, largely as a result of migration from various parts of Honduras and elsewhere.
The university fields a total of 23 (11 men's, 12 women's) teams in both men's and women's sports and competes in the Big Ten Conference.
Most of the facilities that the teams use for training and competitive play are located on the East Bank of the Minneapolis campus.
The Cheerleaders and the Dance Team are also part of the university's athletic department; they are present at events for basketball, ice hockey, and football, and compete for UCA/UDA national titles in the winter.
The University of Minnesota spirit squad was the first as sideline cheerleading was invented at the U of M, and it currently prides itself in being one of the largest spirit squads in the country.
The U of M spirit squad currently consists of three cheerleading teams (all girl, coed, and small coed), a dance team, Goldy Gopher, and a unique ice hockey cheerleading team.
During the 2006–07 academic year, the Golden Gophers wrestling team won the NCAA national championship and the Big Ten team title.
The Golden Gophers also won conference championships in men's ice hockey, men's golf, women's rowing, men's swimming and diving, and women's indoor track and field.
Minnesota rugby plays Division I college rugby in the Big Ten Universities conference against traditional Big 10 rivals such as Wisconsin and Iowa.
Some of Minnesota's games have been well attended by fans, with the team drawing as many as 6,000 fans to watch the team play at TCF Bank Stadium.
Other early yearbooks included depictions of gophers as well, and the University of Minnesota football coach Clarence Spears officially named the football team the Gophers in 1926.
After the radio announcer Halsey Hall began referring to the team as the Golden Gophers due to the color of their uniforms, the team was renamed under coach Bernie Bierman.
Lempira is one of the 18 departments of Honduras, Central America, located in the western part of the country with borders with El Salvador.
On April 1, 2005, Tsukigase, along with the village of Tsuge (from Yamabe District), was merged into the expanded city of Nara.
Ocotepeque is one of the 18 departments of Honduras, Central America, located in the West and bordering both El Salvador and Guatemala.
On April 1, 2005, Tsuge, along with the village of Tsukigase (from Soekami District), was merged into the expanded city of Nara.
Located in the northeastern corner of Nara Prefecture, it is located on a plateau, with Mount Kanna as its highest mountain.
The departmental capital is Juticalpa, which is also the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Juticalpa, which covers the department.
Rugged mountains rise in the western and northern portions of the department, notably the Sierra de Agalta, the Montaña de Tembladeros, and the Montaña de Botaderos.
These plains, sometimes called pampas due to their similarity to the vast Argentinian plains, are famous for their large cattle herds and extensive farming.
The eastern part of the department is covered with rainforests, though the influx of impoverished, farmers and intense timber extraction have increased deforestation rates in the area.
A portion of the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, a tropical rainforest with diverse wildlife and declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO, straddles the border of Olancho and the neighboring departments of Gracias a Dios and Colón.
The Guayape River is famous for its placer gold with concessions where today the mining company Eurocantera (Goldlake Group) exploits ethical gold.
Extensive gold dredging is also underway during the dry season in much of the river, including deep into the mountainous regions of the Rio Patuca (into which the Guayape feeds).
It was used as a burial site by the native peoples, and over time, the bones left there were covered by the calcite dripping from the ceiling, giving them an eerie, sparkling appearance.
Radiocarbon testing indicated that the burials were made around 900 B.C., well before the rise of the Mayans and other civilizations.
The ossuary chamber was discovered in 1994 by a Peace Corps volunteer named Timothy Berg, along with two Catacamas locals named Desiderio Reyes and Jorge Yáñez, and research is still being conducted in the area.
In June 2012, after a Drug Enforcement Administration agent killed a suspect in Honduras, it was confirmed that the US government has been running covert operations in the Olancho area to combat drug trafficking.
Currently, many multinational corporations as well as charitable and religious organizations with personnel in Honduras actively discourage their members from visiting Olancho, as do the governments of the US, Canada, France, New Zealand and the UK, among others.
As of November 1, 2017, the town has a population of 23,185 people, 10,985 males and 12,200 females and a density of 2,640 persons per km².
Located in the northwestern portion of Nara Prefecture, it is a relatively small town situated close to the center of the Nara Basin.
Grimlock can be cold, merciless and contemptuous of those he considers beneath him, such as human beings, and at times, even Optimus Prime himself.
Nevertheless, he is a valiant warrior whose actions command respect from all who are witness to them, both friend and foe.
However he is still an Autobot and is willing to protect the Earth as much as the Autobots, and does also show a begrudging respect for Optimus Prime.
In the animated series, Grimlock's fellow Dinobots share his speech impediment, whereas in the Marvel Comics series the other Dinobots are capable of grammatically correct speech.
Grimlock is among the strongest of the Transformers, possibly an equal to, or even superior to Optimus Prime and Megatron in certain continuities.
In robot mode, Grimlock wields an energon sword, whose blade is sheathed in crackling energon and can slice a concrete wall in one slash.
The original character profiles written by Bob Budiansky and Dan Bobro indicate that Grimlock and the Dinobots were intended to come from Cybertron to Earth like most of the other Transformers.
The discovery of fossilized dinosaur bones in a cavern in their volcano base set the Earthbound Autobots on the track to creating the Dinobots.
Their design specs proved to be too accurate to the creatures they were modeled on, as their primitive brains went out of control, and Grimlock and the other Dinobots almost destroyed Teletraan I, before the trio was stopped.
Optimus Prime deemed them too dangerous to use again, and had them sealed back up in the cavern, but when the majority of the Autobot forces was captured by the Decepticons, Wheeljack freed them to go to their rescue.
Equipped with new devices that enhanced their brainpower to functional levels, the three Dinobots successfully rescued their Autobot comrades, and Optimus Prime admitted his error.
When Soundwave read his mind and learned of this animosity, Megatron was able to trick Grimlock and the Dinobots into switching sides, attacking and capturing Optimus Prime.
Ultimately, it was when Optimus Prime threw himself into harm's way to save Grimlock from an explosion that he accepted his mistake and rejoined the Autobots.
In a rare display of modesty and humility, Grimlock emotionally apologized to Prime, admitted his jealousy of the leader, and accepted fault for the battle.
Although content for the moment to remain a soldier, rather than a leader, Grimlock still had trouble accepting orders, only agreeing to help stem the tide of natural disasters ravaging Earth due to Cybertron being pulled into its orbit when he realized he would die if he did not.
Grimlock and the Dinobots were semi-regularly called into action when the Autobots were faced with challenges that required extra strength, such as the Sub-Atlantican invasion of Washington, D.C., or the Decepticons' control of the TORQ III supercomputer; with every piece of help he and his troops gave, Grimlock was never slow to add a scathing remark about the inabilities of the Autobots.
When the Autobots began to suffer from Cybertonium deficiency, Spike Witwicky and his girlfriend Carly attempted to persuade the Dinobots - who continued to function perfectly, as they had been built on Earth without Cybertonium - to steal some of the mineral from a Decepticon shipment coming in from Cybertron.
Grimlock instead opted to lead the Dinobots to Cybertron itself, where they were captured by Shockwave and put to work in the Cybertonium mines, until Swoop, Spike and Carly rescued them.
Brought back to Earth, the Dinobots agreed to follow Prime's order again - until such time as Grimlock did not feel like it.
By 2005, it seemed apparent that Grimlock had undergone some degree of a personality change, becoming more childish and petulant, rather than brutish and stubborn.
Also of note, it seemed that, along with the other Dinobots, Grimlock remained in his dinosaur mode almost exclusively, rarely changing back to his robot form.
Throughout 2006, he regularly participated in missions with his fellow Autobots rather than the other Dinobots, battling on the planets of Chaar, Goo, Dredd and Eurythma.
They slipped through to the other-dimensional realm of Menonia, and were tricked into fighting on the Red Wizard's side, only to find out that he was the Quintesson criminal, who overthrew the Golden One.
Ultra Magnus, Blaster, Eject, Rewind, Ramhorn, and Steeljaw followed, and using Blaster's amplification, they help the Golden One defeat the Red Wizard.
Later in the year, when Galvatron, the new Decepticon leader, had Cybertron infused with function-inverting anti-electrons, a dose of the particles gave Grimlock super-intelligence.
During a mission to Unicron's disembodied head, where the Autobots were outmatched by the new Decepticon Terrorcons, Grimlock used components of Unicron's head to construct the Technobots to battle them.
Combined as Computron, the Technobots felt they could not match the Terrorcons, until Grimlock transferred his super-intelligence into Computron, reverting to his old self and allowing the Autobots to claim victory.
Grimlock's greatest victory came when he and a large number of other Transformers with primitive animal-themed transformations were summoned to a world at the centre of the galaxy by the ex-assistant of the ancient genius, Primacron, creator of Unicron.
When Tornedron turned on his master, like his predecessor, Primacron's complicated plans and equations could not find a way to stop him; Grimlock, on the other hand, randomly flicked a switch which reversed Tornedron's energy polarity, undoing the damage the now dissipating Tornedron had done.
Grimlock decimated Primacron's lab while dancing around over his successful saving of the universe, dubbing it the smartest thing he'd ever done.
He was seen fighting alongside his fellow Dinobots as well as the Throttlebots against the invading Decepticons, however, they didn't fare too well against the Decepticon Headmasters, as they are all quickly put to sleep by Mindwipe's hypnosis attack.
In the second episode, Grimlock was again in action, trying to protect Vector Sigma along with two fellow Dinobots and Jazz.
After the animated series ended in the US Grimlock appeared in animated form one last time in the commercial for the Classic Pretenders.
Although no Grimlock toy was made in the Transformers: Universe toy line, both Grimlock and his counterpart appeared in the storyline.
Note, there is a small continuity error in that this story ends with Grimlock, Megatron and Primal standing over Reptilion, but issue #2 of the comic starts with them standing over Striker (2003 Botcon Voice Actor Play).
After the events of the Botcon 2003 voice actor play, Optimus Primal is able to use his spark telepathy to free Striker from Unicron's influence.
Optimus Primal, Megatron and Grimlock help break free the slaves from various timelines which are held there and gets them to Cybertron (Transformers: Universe #2).
In 2004 Grimlock was among the Autobots under the leadership Optimus Prime who attempted to take back the planet Cybertron from the Decepticon tyrant Shockwave.
After an accident with the teleportational systems of the supercomputer Teletran-3, Grimlock found himself sent back in time and on the planet Earth.
This was simply a distraction, however, to allow Cobra Commander access to the real prize - Serpent O.R., a technorganic android created from the DNA of many great warleaders and parts from Megatron.
The Autobots and Joes pursued him to Cybertron, where they were captured by Serpentor, the Predacons, the Seacons and the Stunticons.
At the end, after Serpentor's defeat and Prime's rescue, Grimlock admitted he was wrong about the Joes, and that they were great heroes, warriors and friends.
The 21st century re-imagining of the original universe by Dreamwave Productions depicted Grimlock in a manner similar to his depiction in Marvel Comics - a powerful, cunning warrior who values strength of body and character.
When Megatron began using the games to identify suitable soldiers for his burgeoning Decepticon army, Grimlock was recruited by him and initially fought on his side, befriending Starscream and perhaps the scientist, Jetfire, before defecting to the Autobots - not out of any particular fondness for them and their ideals, but rather out of sheer hatred of Megatron and his ideals.
When Prime and Megatron disappeared in an early test of the experimental spacebridge transport system, disarray struck the Autobot and Decepticon ranks and they splintered off into numerous smaller factions - Grimlock founded the Lightning Strike Coalition to fight the battles he considered the most important.
As Grimlock leapt to Ultra Magnus's defence, he apparently perished - naturally, we know he later returned to life, but unfortunately, due to Dreamwave's closure, this story was never resolved, and Grimlock's restoration to life was left unexplained.
When Optimus Prime and Megatron's troops vanished four million years ago, they pursued the Decepticons known as the Insecticons, who had set off in search of the missing leaders.
When the Transformers were all believed destroyed in the explosion of the ship that was taking them back to Cybertron, several of them, including Grimlock, were recovered by a rogue military faction and reprogrammed so that they could be operating as killing machines.
Bumblebee, Frenzy, Grimlock, Laserbeak, Prowl, Ravage, Soundwave and Starscream were forced to attack the Smitco oil refinery in the Arctic to display their power for sale to the highest bidder.
When Megatron liberated himself and several others from this control, Grimlock, tired of risking his life for the humans, joined him, ripping off his insignia and joining in the Decepticon attack on San Francisco, during which he was dispatched from behind by Trailbreaker.
In the four-million-year interim, the planet had been unified by Shockwave for his own sinister ends, but once there, Grimlock led an assault on Iacon, providing enough chaos and unrest for Optimus Prime's Autobot underground to overthrow Shockwave's rule of Cybertron.
Grimlock's Pretender form is given an entry in the seventh issue of the More Than Meets the Eyes profile series, indicating there may have been plans to make him a Pretender at some point in the Dreamwave universe.
Although not one of the Dinobots in this continuity, transforming into a Sherman Tank, this Grimlock shared the rebellious attitude and speech mannerisms of other incarnations of the G1 character, although he had a softer attitude towards humans.
Joe to fight the Decepticons and Cobra, Grimlock battled Cobra forces and Rumble alongside Roadblock, although the Decepticon's piledriver arms nearly defeated them, with Grimlock telling Roadblock to leave him, until Bumblebee and Scarlett intervened.
When Bludgeon and his Decepticons were banished after the battle of Klo Grimlock refitted his Decepticon battleship, the Graviton, with weapons and recruited his several Dinobots and Autobots to hunt them down.
After getting word from Optimus Prime that Megatron was alive on Earth Grimlock left Ultra Magnus in charge of the Graviton and took a shuttle to Earth.
This would lead to Grimlock joining Galvatron in coming to the aid of Decepticon City on Earth when it was attacked by the Autobots in an effort to break the Decepticon war effort once and for all.
Grimlock would be sent in to attack Superion, only to be overpowered after letting his guard down due to the humor-in his eyes, at least-of a Combiner made up of Micromasters.
However, his extreme agenda eventually leads him to steal the G-Virus, a contagion born from the essence of the fallen Galvatron with the ability to remake any Cybertronian in his image.
Grimlock soon leads his team to a gladitorial event, intent on unleashing the virus on the spectators, only to have the now Micromaster Hot Rod interfere.
One of Grimlock's own subordinates then destroys most of the virus, unaware that a Cybertronian has already been affected and been turned into a new Galvatron.
In the issue on Shockwave, Grimlock and the 'Dinobots' (sporting Cybertronian designs much like their War Within designs) appear in a story that partially pays homage to their Marvel G1 origin.
Refusing to pick dying and thus weak Ice Age mammals for an alternate form, Grimlock chose to utilise more ferocious dinosaurian beast modes which were much more impressive.
The Dinobots got the initial jump on Shockwave, as their attack was too illogical for him to understand, but he quickly recovered and dispatched the entire team, destroying their synthetic skins and sending them into stasis lock.
Grimlock got the final laugh, as the Dinobot ship fired a pre-programmed blast into the surrounding volcanoes to unleash a flow of lava that engulfs all six Transformers until they were uncovered by human paleontologists in 2006.
He fought against Predacon leader Magmatron in a one-on-one battle but lost the upper hand when Magmatron split into three separate beast forms, which attacked him simultaneously; in the long run however, he provided the necessary distraction for the Maximals to steal Magmatron's Chronal Phase armband, leading to his ultimate defeat.
As he is placed in a stasis pod he is looked upon by Predacon-and future Maximal-Dinobot, possibly indicating where the warrior took his future name.
Hence, when the Ark crashed on Earth four million years ago, it was followed down to the planet by the Decepticon Shockwave, who touched down in the prehistoric region of Antarctica known as the Savage Land.
The Ark's computer detected his presence on the planet, and its scans of the Savage Land led it to believe that dinosaurs were the dominant life form.
Unfortunately, he slyly outmaneuvered them and managed to pick them off at a distance with his superior firepower; knocking them into a tar pit one by one.
With their final strike the battle ended in a stalemate as the Dinobots made him fall in the pit along with them, buried under a rock slide for several million years.
In 1984, when Shockwave was accidentally reactivated by an Autobot probe and took command of the Decepticons from Megatron, Autobot medic Ratchet entered into an uneasy alliance with the deposed Decepticon leader, agreeing to recover the Dinobots so that they might defeat Shockwave again.
Ratchet pulled a double-cross, however, and had the Dinobots attack Megatron instead, resulting in a battle that ended with Megatron's disappearance.
Grimlock steadily grew more and more displeased with Optimus Prime's leadership, and eventually broke his Dinobots away from the main Autobot faction.
His policy towards Earth and its inhabitants were vastly different from Optimus Prime's – instead of viewing them as objects of protection, Grimlock expressed a disdain for humanity, viewing them as an inferior species unworthy of their protection.
Although Wheeljack thought this would impress Grimlock by reducing their dependence on human help, Grimlock seemed to think the Autobots should just take what they need from the humans.
Blaster and Goldbug could not endure Grimlock's leadership any more, and set out on their own, only to have Grimlock mark them as traitors.
When the Autobot Headmasters and Targetmasters arrived from Nebulos, Grimlock refused to recognize the authority of Fortress Maximus and failed to establish an allegiance with his group.
This proved to be the last straw for the Autobots under Grimlock's command, who collectively conspired to overthrow him, arranging for Blaster to challenge Grimlock for leadership.
During their battle on the moon, the Decepticons took advantage of this weakness in the Autobot ranks and interrupted the duel with an all-out assault.
With all Autobots now under attack from their mortal enemies, Grimlock and Blaster put their differences aside and fought alongside each other against the Decepticon horde.
Ratchet shortly after was lost in a transport incident while taking out Megatron, and was thus unable to continue his work restoring other Autobots in stasis lock (Ratchet later returned, physically merged with Megatron).
Under the leadership of Powermaster Optimus Prime, Grimlock proved to be a loyal and powerful Autobot, daring even to battle the Matrix-powered Decepticon Thunderwing during the Matrix Quest.
However, he was still obsessed with quickly reviving the Dinobots, a goal which put him at odds with Optimus Prime, who advocated patience in the search for a way to rebuild the fallen Autobots.
Grimlock finally lost patience, stole the bodies of the Dinobots and a shuttle from the Ark, and piloted it to the planet Hydrus Four, where scientists had developed a new fuel called nucleon.
It was more powerful than energon and capable of bringing dead Transformers back to life, but it was unstable and could have unforeseen consequences.
Grimlock was unwilling to subject his Dinobots to anything he would not go through himself, and thus decided to test the fuel on himself first.
When no ill effects were apparent, he used it to revive the Dinobots, and brought enough back to revive the remaining fallen Autobots.
Their arrival, and their reviving the fallen Autobots with Nucleon, was an important part of Transformer victory that day, but Optimus Prime once again lost his life, sacrificing himself to destroy Unicron, and once again naming Grimlock as his successor with his dying breath.
Grimlock began to experience brief bursts of immobility, his joints locking, which reached a peak when he became completely paralyzed in Cybertron's wastelands while he and the Dinobots were under attack by monstrous creatures from beneath Cybertron's surface.
At that point, Cybertron was believed to be dying as a result of the battle with Unicron, and the Autobots and Decepticons were co-operating to evacuate.
Grimlock and the Dinobots were the only ones among the Autobots who saw through the Decepticons' false pretense of peaceful co-existence and suspected the plan of mass betrayal.
He revealed that he had captured Decepticon ships after a strike against them before the voyage to Earth, and had hidden them away.
Thanks to those ships, the Autobots were able to flee Cybertron and follow the Decepticons to the planet Klo for a final showdown.
Grimlock was one of the few survivors, and when Optimus Prime returned, recreated by the Last Autobot, Grimlock participated in the rout of the Decepticons.
The author of these stories, Simon Furman, was particularly fond of Grimlock, often using him for his original stories, and even using the character for responses on the readers' letters page.
When leader of the Autobots, Grimlock was involved in assisting Action Force battle Megatron in London and attempted to kill the Predacon Divebomb in order to silence embarrassing facts about Swoop's past.
Towards the end of the series, the UK comics began a break-away storyline that branched off from the continuity of the American stories, beginning with Grimlock's decision to once again break his Dinobots away from the main Autobot force.
Tired of Prime's pacifistic approach to protecting Earth, Grimlock was joined by several older Autobots like Prowl and Wheeljack, who had just recently been reactivated, and longed for the older, simpler days.
Under Grimlock's command, they formed the Earthforce, a pro-active Autobot group based in Canada who regularly battled the two Decepticon forces under the commands of Megatron and Shockwave.
where Soundwave lead the bulk of the Decepticon forces on Earth against the Autobot Earthforce headquarters while Starscream attacked an oil tanker.
Sent into battle by Prowl, the Dinobots routed the main Decepticon forces while Springer lead the Autobot Survivors, Broadside, Inferno, Skids, and Carnivac to defeat Starscream.
Of the Dinobots, only Slag retained the ability to transform, until the discovery of new nucleon allowed all the Transformers previously empowered by it to regain their transforming abilities.
It followed on from the events at the conclusion of the American series, yet cannot fit in with American continuity as it puts Megatron in a situation he cannot possibly be in.
However, he remained as rebellious and aggressive as ever, though it proved to be a mixed blessing - at one point his urge to combat Jhiaxus's forces led him and his troops right into a trap, while at another time, his willingness to defy Optimus Prime's orders and launch an all-out attack saved Prime from certain death at the hands of Megatron.
When the Autobots and Decepticons united against Jhiaxus and the threat of the Swarm - a destructive by-product of Transformer reproduction - Grimlock was the joint leader of the ground troops as Prime and Megatron fought on other fronts, and survived the brutal conflict.
This version is not a humanoid who can change into a tyrannosaurus, but rather is a Tyrannosaurus who can change into a motorcycle.
He judges any situation in a composed, calm manner, and dispenses accurate advice based on his many past experiences in battle to others, particularly his leader, Wedge.
He can combine with his fellow Build Team members to create Landfill, able to form either a leg or a pair of arms.
As a side effect of the device Rhinox built, a vortex opens which sucks in an Autobot shuttle from the past piloted by Bumblebee, Tracks, and Cosmos.
The characters' joint biography clearly draws on the Generation 1 cartoon incarnation of the original characters, presenting them as Autobots who are simple in speech and thought, but who make up for it in raw strength.
Decepticons have been known to flee in fear when faced with the two Dinobots, as Swoop uses his aerial abilities to confuse and distract them, while Grimlock attacks from behind and stomps them flat before they know what hit them.
Producer Tom DeSanto has stated that he had an idea on how to include the Dinobots and Constructicons in a possible sequel, although director Michael Bay has confirmed that they will not be.
Later reports revealed that Grimlock and other Dinobots would be featured in the fourth film, with images surfacing of Optimus Prime riding Grimlock into battle in Hong Kong.
After the Autobots escape with the part of the ship holding them, Optimus releases the Dinobots for backup and engages in a battle for dominance with Grimlock which Optimus wins.
Submitting to Optimus, Grimlock allows Optimus to ride him into battle in Hong Kong and aids in destroying the KSI Decepticons and protecting the Seed.
This Grimlock is larger than previous incarnations and, like the rest of the Dinobots, he isn't referred to by name (although in The Last Knight he is named by Cade Yeager) as he cannot speak, or at least has yet to learn how.
During the TRF and Decepticon invasion of the junkyard, Grimlock attacks a fleet of TRF cars along with Slug, eating the Decepticon Dreadbot.
These featured cameos by Generation 1 Transformers, including scenes of Grimlock destroying a construction site, as well as scenes of Kickback and Laserbeak being video taped by people accidentally, and a security video showing bits of a robot looking a lot like Generation 1 Bumblebee transforming in a parking garage.
He is similar to his animated Generation 1 incarnation in persona and form, but with his face modified with a feral look.
Professor Sumdac and Megatron rebuild the animatronic dinosaurs as technological wonders named the Dinobots, who go on a rampage under the Deception's influence until the attacks powered Sari's AllSpark key affecting Bumblebee and Ratchet's Electromagnetic blast against the Dinobots by making them conscious.
The Dinobots are lured away by the Autobots, with Prowl secretly placing them at the later named Dinobot Island in hopes that they'll live in peace.
However, while expressing his rage at two birds defecating on him, Grimlock accidentally transforms to robot mode and finds his new form to his liking.
1, Optimus Prime, Prowl, and Bulkhead try to get the Dinobots to help them fight the Decepticons, but they refused saying that robots are their enemies.
Soon enough, Grimlock heads right towards Prowl and Bulkhead, thinking something has made him hostile, but later discovering something is wedged between his foot, and yank it out.
Out of the Dinobots, Grimlock had the most love for Blackarachnia, refusing to accept that she's using him when she departs, leaving him heartbroken.
In the ensuing battle, they are overwhelmed and defeated by and Jetstorm, though Jetfire noted Grimlock seemed to have some fight left in him.
Though she managed to convince him not to attack with her techno-organic powers, Grimlock refuses to give the Autobots aid; however, he indirectly led her in looking for Snarl, whom he lost respect towards and considered a 'traitor' for befriending the marooned Scrapper.
According to the Tech Specs Grimlock was created as an experiment in artificial intelligence by the Decepticons which became too violent and Megatron shut him down.
Grimlock was reprogrammed by Optimus Prime to not be able to attack anything bearing the purple Autobot symbol, but after being granted an ember he seems to have overcome this limitation.
The mad Autobot scientist Wheeljack duplicates Grimlock's design to create an army of Dinobots, which he uses to attack the Decepticons, but sadly the dinobots attack each other in the frenzy of their first battle.
Grimlock runs off, being called to the super computer known as the Omega Terminus, Grimlock is granted an ember, superior intelligence and the ability to transform.
Followed by the Rodimus, Blurr, Cliffjumper and Sideswipe, he confronts the four with the aid of an army of zombie mechs, including the reanimated bodies of the dead Cliffjumper from his world and Sideswipe's old leader Drench.
Although presumed dead he appears at the Autobot headquarters offering his services to Optimus Prime of his own free will, secretly planning on helping grant embers the various Dinobots and Dinocons.
The first, featured in the video game, is known for not following orders or trusting in Optimus Prime's ability to be an effective leader.
Due to Shockwave's experiments, Grimlock has been left with a malfunctioning voice processor and alt-mode inspired by a distant primitive world.
Some major changes from previous Grimlock incarnations is that along with not having a speech impediment that was shown in series prior, he also has a much more mild manner and a showingly kind personality with an artistic side, frequently doing art projects and sculptures as the series progresses.
Grimlock becomes the leader of a city known as Last Spark, ruling over and protecting the citizens in a monarchial fashion.
He and the other Dinobots are forced to contend with the prejudices of other Cybertronians due to their altered states, as well as Shockwave's creations, which include a group of Decepticons known as the Forged.
Grimlock becomes the first to break free following a brief encounter with the disgraced Starscream and proceeds to free three of four (Sludge having been put in stasis lock and left behind after they were captured) other members of his team, discover his Dinobot abilities, and destroy the space bridge Megatron plans to use as a route to a perpetual energy source, Earth.
The stasis unit on his cell was damaged however, and he was thus awake when the Autobots were engaging his former fellow inmate Underbite in the first pilot episode.
After Underbite was imprisoned, Bumblebee decided to allow Grimlock to join the team on probation, and thus has been a major character in the series since.
Later, after bringing the cyber-tick Minitron, he was formally inducted into the Autobot ranks and began to sport Autobot symbols instead of the Decepticon ones he sported in all of the episodes prior.
This version also has missile launchers in his robot mode shoulders, and a seismic stomp attack more often paired with Dinobot Sludge.
The Yamato River flows through the town, and branches off into three rivers, the Asuka River, the Tera River, and the Soga River.
On January 1, 2006, Ōuda, along with the towns of Haibara and Utano (all from Uda District), was merged to create the city of Uda.
A three-mile long stretch of national routes 166 and 370 in the southern part of the town is where most of the businesses and homes are clustered.
On January 1, 2006, Utano, along with the towns of Haibara and Ōuda, and the village of Murō (all from Uda District), was merged to create the city of Uda.
On January 1, 2006, Haibara, along with the towns of Ōuda and Utano, and the village of Murō (all from Uda District), was merged to create the city of Uda.
They go to Haibara Junior High School for one day to view the education system, live with families in Haibara to see what life is like there, and upon returning home, they share their knowledge and experiences with the community.
On January 1, 2006, Murō, along with the towns of Haibara, Ōuda and Utano (all from Uda District), was merged to create the city of Uda.
The department contains rich agricultural lands, concentrated mainly on the valley of the Aguan River and the Sula Valley, on opposite ends.
It is famous for the Lluvia de Peces (rain of fishes), a tradition by which fish fall from the sky during very heavy rains.
Mitsue is located in the southern portion of the Soni Plateau, and the upper part of the Nabari River is situated here.
As of April 1, 2017, the village has an estimated population of 5,681, with 2,170 households, and a population density of 240 persons per km².
Although it's outside Asuka, Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line, Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines.
In 1956, the village of Asuka (明日香) was founded as a result of a merger of three villages, Sakaai, Takechi and Asuka (飛鳥村).
Along with this decision, the government planned to build Asuka National Historic Park, for which construction was launched in 1966 and finished in 1994.
Since the Special Arrangement for Preservation of Historic Sites Law (1966) restricts any visual changes in the areas which it concerns, it has directly affected the daily life of residents.
As compensation, the Asuka Law, which aims to preserve the site effectively and give economic support for Asuka residents, was settled in 1980.
There are also several nearby kofuns or tombs including the Ishibutai Kofun which is built from massive boulders including one that weighs an estimated 75 tons.
The modern city of Katsuragi was established on October 1, 2004, from the merger of the towns of Shinjō and Taima (both from Kitakatsuragi District).
The east side of Katsuragi City includes the commercial and residential areas with National Route 24, railway stations and the Katsuragi River.
On October 1, 2004, Taima, along with the town of Shinjō (also from Kitakatsuragi District), was merged to create the city of Katsuragi.
As of April 1, 2015, the town has an estimated population of 22,791 and 9,771 households, and a density of around 3,000 people per km².
As of April 1, 2015, the town has an estimated population of 17,831, and 7,775 households, with a density of around 2,200 persons per km².
Most of the area is mountainous, but the section along the Yoshino River is somewhat flatter and contains most of the town's roads, train tracks and houses.
The most well-known area within the town is Yoshino Mountain, famous for its many thousands of sakura trees; much poetry has been written on the subject by several famous authors, including Chiyo and Uejima Onitsura.
These flowering cherry trees were planted in four groves at different altitudes, in part so that the trees would be visible coming into bloom at different times in the spring.
An account of Yoshino written in about 1714 explained that, on their climb to the top, travelers would be able to enjoy the lower 1,000 cherry trees at the base, the middle 1,000 on the way, the upper 1,000 toward the top, and the 1,000 in the precincts of the inner shrine at the top.
Sacred For adherents of Shugendo, Yoshino Mountain is the traditional beginning of the Mount Ōmine pilgrimage trail (part of the Omine-Okugake Trail), although nowadays many hikers begin and end their trek in the Dorogawa district of Tenkawa Village.
Most of the forest within the Yoshino area is artificial, consisting of red cedar and cypress trees that have been planted and harvested in cycles for 500 years.
According to a local story, Prince Oama (later to become Emperor Tenmu), taught the residents of Kuzu the process of making washi in the 7th century.
As of October 1, 2016, the town has an estimated population of 17,731 and a density of 470 persons per km².
Shimoichi-Terebi offers news coverage, local sight-seeing information and tours, as well as various public information; such as fire, earthquake, and storm updates.
This festival marks the annual opening of the shrine in which members of the community and visitors may enter and pray for good business.
In 2009, Nara's mascot Sento-kun visited the event as the streets were lined with various fair foods, games, door prizes, and plants for sale.
In July, the neighboring town of Oyodo will host the Yoshino-gawa festival which includes a dynamic fireworks display and various festival games and foods.
An opening ceremony including fireworks and the lighting of an Olympic style torch takes place as the neighborhoods compete in various games.
Door prizes are awarded on the neighborhood and town level, and may include items such as bags of rice, bicycles, toaster ovens, heaters, tissue, beer, game systems, and various household items.
Activities involve a parade of lanterns and drums down the main street until reaching its destination at one of the town's temples which resides near the top of a mountain.
The baseball club also has a good prefectural reputation and was chosen to participate in a prefectural baseball tournament during the 2007-2008 school year.
The JET Programme is a Japanese government initiative which aims to promote internationalization in Japan’s local communities by helping to improve foreign language education and developing international exchange at the community level.
The area is thought to have been inhabited by the Yamato people since prehistoric times, with archaeological evidence indicating activity in the area as far back as the Jōmon period.
On September 25, 2005, Nishiyoshino, along with the village of Ōtō (also from Yoshino District), was merged into the expanded city of Gojō.
During the Northern and Southern Courts period of Japanese history (1336 to 1392), three emperors of the Southern Court - Emperor Go-Daigo, Emperor Go-Murakami, and Emperor Go-Kameyama are believed to have stayed in the Imperial Villa in the Anō area of Nishiyoshino.
WITN-TV, virtual channel 7 (UHF digital channel 34), is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Washington, North Carolina, United States and serving Eastern North Carolina's Inner Banks region.
WITN-TV's studios are located on East Arlington Boulevard in Greenville, and its transmitter is located in Grifton Township along NC 118.
The station signed-on September 28, 1955 from facilities on US 17 in Chocowinity (outside Washington, though with a Washington mailing address).
It was an NBC affiliate from the start but shared secondary ABC relations with WNCT until the 1963 sign-on of WNBE-TV (channel 12, now WCTI-TV) in New Bern.
WITN aired an analog signal on VHF channel 7 from the region's highest transmitter at that time; its current tower was also one of the tallest structures in the United States.
Majority ownership was held by the Roberson family, owners of WITN radio (930 AM, now WDLX; and FM 93.3, now WERO).
In 1997, AFLAC sold its broadcasting group to Retirement Systems of Alabama which merged with Ellis Communications to form Raycom Media.
However, Raycom could not keep WITN for long due to a significant signal overlap with Wilmington's WECT, an Ellis property that was part of the deal.
At the time, the FCC normally did not allow one company to own two stations with overlapping signals, and would not even consider a waiver for a city-grade overlap.
On January 7, 2009, a high definition feed of WITN was launched on DirecTV and can now also be obtained on Dish Network.
In addition to offering network and syndicated programming, WITN was also a multimedia rights partner for East Carolina University Athletics from 1998 to 2014.
In addition to hosting the weekly coaches' shows for football and basketball, the station produced live broadcasts of select games that were not picked up nationally by ESPN as part of its deal with Conference USA.
Even though most of the broadcasts were limited to its own market, WITN got other television outlets throughout North Carolina to carry a football game in 2003 which saw ECU competing against in-state rival University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium.
In 2014, WNCT-TV picked up the ECU sports package, just as the school moved its programs to the American Athletic Conference.
WITN-DT2 is the MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of WITN-TV, broadcasting in standard definition on UHF channel 34.2 (or virtual channel 7.2 via PSIP).
It picked up MyNetworkTV on September 28, 2009 after the area's Ion Television owned-and-operated station WEPX-TV, channel 38 (and its full-time satellite, WPXU-TV, channel 35) dropped the programming service.
At that point, local weather programming was reduced to overnights and mornings while syndicated offerings made up the rest of WITN-DT2's schedule.
A further addition to that service occurred April 18, 2011 when it added MeTV and dropped all remaining weather-related programming with the new network taking up most of the weekend and daytime schedule.
On January 17, 2013, it separated programming from MyNetworkTV and MeTV onto dedicated digital subchannels (with MeTV relocating to the third subchannel).
For a period of time, WITN-DT2 could also be seen on the digital tier of Time Warner Cable in the greater Wilmington area since that market's MyNetworkTV affiliate, W47CK, was technically ineligible for carriage on cable providers due to its low-powered status.
As a result, the clearance allowed WITN-DT2 to unofficially serve as Wilmington's MeTV outlet (since, at that time, there was no television outlet affiliated with the network in that area).
In July 2008, WNCT was the most watched television station in the market after taking first place weeknights at 6 and 11.
While broadcasting from its original facility in Chocowinity, WITN maintained secondary studios in Greenville on East Arlington Street (within the Square Shopping Center) less than two blocks from its current base of operations.
This location began broadcasting a weekday morning newscast in 1997 featuring a news anchor, meteorologist, and photographer based out of there.
After moving into its brand new facility in Greenville on June 5, 2013, WITN became the area's second television outlet to upgrade news production to high definition level.
In addition to its main studios in Greenville, the station operates news bureaus in Washington (on Main Street), Jacksonville (on Western Boulevard), and in New Bern (on Middle Street).
Many rivers, such as the Iketsu River, run through the village and are eventually united by the Totsukawa River which flows to the Pacific Ocean.
On September 25, 2005, Ōtō, along with the village of Nishiyoshino (also from Yoshino District), was merged into the expanded city of Gojō.
Shimokitayama is composed of seven main hamlets, arranged roughly in a circle, and Zenki, which is no longer inhabited but which once housed a religious community of shugendo practitioners, including Jitsukaga.
Roads lead north toward Nara from Ikehara, east toward Kumano from Shimokuwahara, south toward Kitayama from Kamikuwahara, and west toward Totsukawa from Uramukai.
Even with such a small student body, in 2009 the village began employing an ALT(Assistant Language Teacher) of English from the JET Programme to live and work in village.
As of October 1, 2016, the village has an estimated population of 1,661 and a density of 13 persons per km².
The Audi TT is a 2-door sports car marketed by Volkswagen Group subsidiary Audi since 1998, and now in its third generation.
in Győr, Hungary, using bodyshells manufactured and painted at Audi's Ingolstadt plant and parts made entirely by the Hungarian factory for the third generation.
For each of its three generations, the TT has been available as a 2+2 coupé and as a two-seater roadster employing consecutive generations of the Volkswagen Group A platform, starting with the A4 (PQ34).
As a result of this platform-sharing, the Audi TT has identical powertrain and suspension layouts as its related platform-mates; including a front-mounted transversely oriented engine, front-wheel drive or quattro four-wheel drive system, and fully independent front suspension using MacPherson struts.
The design is credited to J Mays and Freeman Thomas, with Hartmut Warkuss, Peter Schreyer, Martin Smith and Romulus Rost contributing to the interior design.
The Audi TT takes its name from the successful motor racing tradition of NSU in the British Isle of Man TT (Tourist Trophy) motorcycle race.
NSU marque began competing at the Isle of Man TT in 1907 with the UK manager Martin Geiger finishing in fifth position in the single-cylinder race.
The 1938 Isle of Man Lightweight TT race was won by Ewald Kluge with a 250 cc supercharged DKW motor-cycle and the DKW and NSU companies later merged into the company now known as Audi.
The Audi TT also follows the NSU 1000TT, 1200TT and TTS cars of the 1960s in taking their names from the race.
It is based on the Volkswagen Group A4 (PQ34) platform as used for the Volkswagen Golf Mk4, the original Audi A3, the Škoda Octavia, and others.
The styling differed little from the concept, except for slightly reprofiled bumpers, and the addition of rear quarterlight windows behind the doors.
Early TT models received press coverage following a series of high-speed accidents and the related fatalities which occurred at speeds in excess of during abrupt lane changes or sharp turns.
Both the coupé and roadster variants were recalled in late 1999/early 2000, to improve predictability of the car's handling at very high speeds.
The TT uses a transversely mounted internal combustion engine, with either front-wheel drive with 'quattro four-wheel drive' available as an option.
It was first available with a 1.8-litre inline four-cylinder 5-valve turbocharged engine in two states of DIN-rated power outputs; and .
The original four-cylinder engine range was complemented with a VR6 engine rated at and of torque in early 2003, which came as standard with the quattro four-wheel-drive system.
In July 2003, a new six-speed dual clutch transmission – dubbed the Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG), which improves acceleration through much-reduced shift times, was offered, along with a stiffer suspension.
In 2005, Audi released the Coupé-only limited edition (800 sold in the UK, not the 1000 originally planned) (known as the in Europe).
Built by AUDI AG's high-performance specialist subsidiary quattro GmbH, it had increased power from its 1.8-litre turbocharged engine – rising to and of torque – and a reduction in weight of to , which allowed for a time of 5.9 seconds, and an electronically limited top speed of .
This weight reduction was achieved by removing the spare wheel, rear harmonic damper, rear parcel shelf and rear seats, and the standard fitment air conditioning.
The main battery was also relocated to the rear of the vehicle in order to maintain weight distribution as much as possible.
The brochure stated V6-spec brakes were to be fitted, however models delivered in the UK came with the standard 225 spec brake callipers which were red-painted.
On 22 June 2007, Pearson, Simon, Soter, Warshaw & Penny, LLP and the Law Office of Robert L. Starr filed a class action lawsuit against Volkswagen Group of America, alleging that the timing belts for model year 1999–2003 Audi and Volkswagen vehicles equipped with a 1.8-litre turbocharged engine fail prematurely.
The parties have reached a class-wide settlement, and preliminary approval of the settlement was granted by the court on 19 May 2008.
On 22 May 2008, the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, entered an order preliminarily approving a nationwide settlement of a class action lawsuit brought by Green Welling LLP, on behalf of all current and prior owners and lessees of 2000–2004, and 2005 model year Audi TTs.
The lawsuit and settlement related to allegedly defective instrument clusters, and Audi TT owners are entitled to submit claims for repairs, replacement and/or cash reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses, and all TT owners covered by the suit will receive a two-year extension of their existing four-year warranty (limited to the instrument cluster).
For the 30th anniversary Quattro gmbH unveiled an Imola Yellow TT that sported a 2.7 L Bi-Turbo V6 engine from a B5 Audi RS4 that produced and at 2,500 rpm which was manufactured in 2001.
This was accomplished by using a B5 RS4 donor car, which included engine, transmission, rear differential, axles, brakes, and wheels from a B5 Avant.
Using the RS4 drivetrain, Audi had the ability to utilize a Torsen based 6-speed Quattro manual transmission in a car that is normally using a transverse engine layout and Haldex based all wheel drive system.
In August 2004, Audi announced that the next generation TT would be manufactured using aluminium, and would go into production in 2007.
A preview of the second-generation TT was provided in the form of the Audi Shooting Brake concept car, shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2005.
Available in front-wheel drive or 'quattro' four-wheel drive layout, the TT is again offered as a 2+2 Coupé, and as a two-seater Roadster.
The powertrain options initially only included petrol engines, which consist of either one of two inline four-cylinder engines – the all-new 1.8-litre EA888 Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection (TFSI) (available initially only in Germany, later elsewhere from mid 2009), or the more common and established EA113-variant 2.0-litre TFSI.
The Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology was derived from the Audi Le Mans endurance race cars, and offers improved fuel efficiency as well as an increased power output and cleaner emissions.
The 3.2-litre 'V6' badged VR6 engine is carried over from the previous generation, and this engine was also available in the Canadian model.
Quattro on-demand four-wheel drive, again using the Haldex Traction clutch is available – standard on V6 models, but not available on the 1.8 TFSI.
Like all its PQ35 platform-mates, the new 8J TT now has a multi-link fully independent rear suspension to complement the front independent suspension.
This is based on BWI Group's MagneRide, which uses magneto rheological dampers (this means that an electronic control unit for the suspension will automatically adjust its damping properties depending on the current road conditions and driving manner).
Launched at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show, Audi offered the first diesel engined version of the Audi TT in the European market, the .
Power comes from the new 2.0-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) engine, now with 16 valves, double overhead camshaft (DOHC), common rail fuel delivery and eight-hole piezo fuel injectors, which produces a DIN-rated output of at 4,200 rpm and torque of at 1,750 to 2,500 rpm.
Acceleration from standstill to on the Coupé is achieved in 7.5 seconds, and it will go on to reach a top speed of .
Audi claim average fuel consumption for the Coupé variant with this 2.0 TDI engine is , which achieves a CO emissions rating of 139 gram/km.
As an additional package a standard Audi TT can be bought from factory with a special body kit upgrade to make it look like the Audi TT-RS version.
The cylinder block, cylinder head and the fuel injectors have all been modified from the base 2.0 TFSI engine (ID: CDL).
Together with other modifications, this engine produces a DIN-rated power output of , and generates a torque of from 2,500 to 5,000 rpm.
The exterior has some changes over the standard model – with a TTS body styling: with redesigned front, with larger air intakes, redesigned rear bumper, side sill extensions, and four exhaust tailpipes.
Audi UK offered eight TTS cars for official use by the race organisers at the 2008 Isle of Man TT motorcycle races.
In 2014, at the International Motor Show in Geneva, Audi unveiled the new TTS model for the 2016 model year, alongside the standard 2016 Audi TT model.
Audi displayed a new show car variant of the second generation Audi TT – the Audi TT Clubsport quattro, at the 2008 Wörthersee Tour at Pörtschach am Wörthersee in Austria.
The soft-top on the standard TT Roadster has been deleted, and replaced with two 'humps', along with two substantial roll bars.
LED daytime running lamps, an aggressive body kit with large frontal air intakes, black-painted 'single frame grille' and a lower spoiler lip complete the new look from the front.
The axle track has been widened by , with bolder and wider wheel arch extensions, polished 19-inch alloys, wider side sills and 255-section tyres are the highlight of the side profile.
Racing bucket seats, along with lightweight aluminium detail complete the interior look, and a six-speed S tronic dual-clutch transmission with quattro four-wheel drive and TTS spec brakes ( up front, and at the rear) complete the mechanicals.
The TT RS is the first Audi RS vehicle that didn't have any of its assembly performed in Neckarsulm but was completely assembled in the Audi factory in Győr, Hungary, alongside the base Audi TT.
Additions to the quattro system include a constant velocity joint before the cardan propeller shaft, and a compact rear-axle differential – upgraded to cope with the increased torque from the five-cylinder turbo engine.
It includes a fixed rear spoiler (retractable optional), and has black interior with heated Alcantara/leather sports seats (Silk Nappa, Fine Nappa leather optional).
Also carried over from the B7 RS4 is the 'Sport' button, which sharpens the throttle response and deepens the exhaust note, and a three-stage user-selectable Electronic Stability Programme (ESP).
Official performance figures indicate the TT RS Coupé will accelerate from a standstill to in 4.5 seconds (4.7 seconds for the Roadster), with an electronically limited top speed of .
As of 2010 the TT-RS is available with the 7-speed DSG automatic transmission capable of handling the torque delivered by the engine.
The 6-speed gearbox used in the TT-S cannot cope with which is why the TT-RS initially was offered only with a manual transmission.
It featured the uprated version of the TT RS' engine that had originally been developed for the RS Q3 concept car; this version of the engine produces at 5500 rpm, and of torque at 1650 rpm.
As a result of this power increase, Audi claimed that the 0-62 mph (100 km/h) time had decreased to 4.3 seconds for the manual version, and 4.1 seconds for the S-tronic version.
Like its predecessor, the Audi TT FV/8S was previewed in the form of the Audi Allroad Shooting Brake concept car, shown at the Detroit Motor Show in 2014.
The 2.0 TFSI is available in two versions: a version producing and 370 Nm (272.90 lb-ft) of torque in the TT and a version producing and 380 Nm (280.27 lb-ft) of torque in the TTS.
A 2.0 TDI Inline-four engine producing and 380 Nm (280.27 lb-ft) of torque is also available as an option for the TT.
The interior of the third generation Audi TT is notable for its HVAC design, featuring temperature and airflow controls that are embedded in the air-vents themselves, hence improving ergonomics.
It was announced in May 2019 that the current generation TT would be the last, and it would be discontinued at the end of the model's lifecycle.
In 2016, the MQB-based Audi TT RS coupé and roadster were announced with the five-cylinder 2.5 litre TFSI engine now producing and 480 Nm (354 ft-lbs) of torque between 1,700 and 5,850 rpm.
Audi's all-wheel drive quattro system is the standard layout and the only transmission option is the 7-speed S tronic automatic transmission.
In auto racing, the Istook's Motorsports team has currently entered a Revo Technik-sponsored Audi TT in the Grand-Am KONI Sports Car Challenge Street Tuner (ST) class.
Under the racing name of RS Werkes, Istook's Motorsports out of Fort Worth, Texas, built and raced the first TT RS brought into the United States in the Grand Am GS class in 2012, 2013 and 2014.
The Audi TT Offroad Concept was unveiled as an SUV concept version of the Audi TT at the 2014 Auto China.
In full EV mode, the vehicle uses the rear motor only; Hybrid and Sport modes utilise all three power sources, and all-wheel-drive traction is applied as needed.
The distinguishing features of the concept include matrix LED headlights and two new assistance systems: One that scans intersections for potentially dangerous situations, and a second that connects to a municipality's traffic-light system in order to recommend a perfect speed to reach the next light when it is green.
The interior is relatively close to the TT's with leather upholstery from Italian fashion brand Poltrona Frau and features a high-tech TFT display in front of the driver populated with the information that would normally be projected onto a central, dash-mounted screen—i.e.
Due to Audi's heavy sponsorship of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the TT S coupe made a cameo in and a convertible TTS was driven by Peter Parker in .
He is well known for singing soul ballads (often as a duo with female singers) and has contributed to two Disney animated feature soundtracks.
He had two sisters and a brother and spent much of his childhood on his grandfather's farm in Mauldin, South Carolina.
His love for music stemmed from his mother, who often took the family to concerts of well-known African-American artists at the time.
Two years later, he left home to tour the Chitlin' Circuit with another local band, Moses Dillard and the Tex-Town Display.
Although Bang was not impressed with Dillard's band, the young backup singer caught the ear of the label's general manager, Eddie Biscoe.
His tax problems caught up with him on August 21, 2003, when the U.S. Internal Revenue Service seized property from his Atlanta, Georgia, home.
The IRS auctioned many of his possessions, including both Grammy Awards, electronic equipment, his grand piano and multiple pairs of shoes including the 2 Versace pair purchased by Nashville Bassist and Florida native Justin Lowry.
Before marrying his present wife, former singer and member of English R&B group The 411 Tanya Boniface, Bryson was engaged several times to Juanita Leonard, the former wife of boxing great Sugar Ray Leonard.
On April 29 2019, it was reported that Bryson had suffered a heart attack, and had been taken to Atlanta hospital where he was said to be in a stable condition.
Xanthium (cocklebur) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family, native to the Americas and eastern Asia.
Unlike many other members of the family Asteraceae, whose seeds are airborne with a plume of silky hairs resembling miniature parachutes, cocklebur seeds are produced in a hard, spiny, globose or oval double-chambered, single-seeded bur long.
Cockleburs are short-day plants, meaning they only initiate flowering when the days are getting shorter in the late summer and fall, typically from July to October in the Northern Hemisphere.
The cocklebur is legally listed as a noxious weed in the states of Arkansas and Iowa in the United States of America.
Some domestic animals will avoid consuming the plant if other forage is present, but less discriminating animals, such as pigs, will consume the plants and then sicken and die.
Symptoms usually occur within a few hours, producing unsteadiness and weakness, depression, nausea and vomiting, twisting of the neck muscles, rapid and weak pulse, difficulty breathing, and eventually death.
The many species of this plant, which can be found in many areas, may actually be varieties of two or three species.
When the bur is prepared as an herbal remedy, the spines are usually removed, reducing the CAT content of the finished product.
Shahan began building the set on his ranch in September, 1957 for Wayne, who had tried for years to make a movie about the Battle of the Alamo for Republic Pictures, before finally breaking away to form Batjac Productions.
Shahan agreed to continue working while Wayne raised more money, if Wayne would agree to building full sets with four walls, floor and roofs.
The set includes a full-scale re-creation of the Alamo compound as it would have appeared in 1836 (the real Alamo is in the middle of what is now Downtown San Antonio and is surrounded by modern skyscrapers).
The building of the set required over 1.5 million adobe bricks (which were manufactured on site), 14 miles of gravel road and a 4,000-foot runway.
Shahan preserved the set after the end of the 1960 production and, over the years, over a dozen films about the Alamo have been shot there.
In addition, over 100 other western movies as well as documentaries, music videos and commercials have been shot using various parts of the set.
Frank Thompson, a film historian, noted that each production changed the set in some way, big or small, and that the changes appear in each new movie about the Alamo, documenting the current view of authenticity over time.
In addition to the replica of The Alamo, the village included a cantina and restaurant, a trading post, an Indian store, a church, a jail, a blacksmith shop, the John Wayne Western Museum, several museums, and a celebrity gallery.
Alamo Village also maintained a collection of antique tools, vehicles and other period props, as well as a herd of longhorn cattle.
During the summer, live music and stage shows performed frequently, and over Labor Day weekend the Labor Day Horse Races brought crowds to the village.
Alamo Village was closed to the public while her estate evaluated the feasibility of the Village's continued operation in the midst of the late-2000s recession.
Alamo Village temporarily re-opened after the death of Virginia Shahan but on September 28, 2009, Tulisha Shahan Wardlaw, Happy and Virginia's daughter died at the age of 67.
Alamo Village reopened briefly for the summer in 2010 with limited hours and no shows, stores or restaurants, but closed again within a few months.
In 1990 the brewery was opened (the first for 100 years to open in Sheffield) on purpose-built premises on Alma Street by the owner of the Fat Cat public house, Dave Wickett.
As well as the Fat Cat, the brewery owns a British-styled pub in Rochester, New York (United States), named the Old Toad.
Barry Manilow (born Barry Alan Pincus, June 17, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, musician and producer with a career that has spanned more than 50 years.
He recorded and released 46 Top 40 singles on the Adult Contemporary Chart, including 13 that hit number one and 28 of which appeared within the top ten, and has released many multi-platinum albums.
As well as producing and arranging albums for himself and other artists, Manilow has written and performed songs for musicals, films, and commercials for corporations such as McDonald's, Pepsi-Cola, and Band-Aid, from the 1960s.
He has been nominated for a Grammy Award (winning once) as a producer, arranger and performer a total of fifteen times (and in every decade) from 1973 to 2015.
Manilow has sold more than 75 million records as a solo artist worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists.
His father was born to a Jewish father and an Irish-American Catholic mother, while his maternal grandparents were of Russian Jewish background.
Manilow grew up in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, and graduated in 1961 from Eastern District High School, which closed in 1995.
He enrolled in the City College of New York, where he briefly studied before entering the New York College of Music.
During this time, he began work as a commercial jingle writer and singer, which continued through the remainder of the 1960s.
Manilow was awarded an Honorary Clio at the 50th Anniversary Clio Awards in Las Vegas in 2009 for his 1960s work as a jingle writer.
When accepting the award, he stated that he learned the most about making pop music by working for three or four years as a writer in the jingle industry.
At the same time, he and Jeanne Lucas performed as a duo for a two-season run at Julius Monk's Upstairs at the Downstairs club in New York.
In 1973, Manilow was nominated for the Album Of The Year Grammy Award for his production role on 'The Divine Miss M'.
With a $10 million investment by CPI, and a reorganization of the various Columbia Pictures legacy labels (Colpix, Colgems, and Bell), Davis introduced Columbia Pictures's new record division, Arista, in November 1974 with Davis himself owning 20% of the new venture.
According to album liner notes, Manilow did, however, perform co-production as well as arrangement duties on all the above tracks along with Ron Dante, most famous for his vocals on records by The Archies.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, ABC aired four variety television specials starring Manilow, who served as an executive producer.
From the same tour in 1978, a one-hour special from Manilow's sold-out concert at the Royal Albert Hall aired in the UK.
In the United States, at Radio City Music Hall, his 1984 10-night run set a box-office sales record of nearly $2 million, making him the top draw in the 52-year history of the venue.
Also in 1980, a concert from Manilow's sold-out shows at England's Wembley Arena was broadcast while he was on a world tour.
This was the first of his own albums that Manilow produced without Ron Dante, who had co-produced all the previous albums.
In December 1983, Manilow was reported to have endowed the music departments at six major universities in the United States and Canada.
That same year, Showtime aired a documentary of Manilow recording the album with a number of jazz legends including Sarah Vaughan and Mel Tormé.
In October 1986, Manilow, along with Bruce Sussman, Tom Scott, and Charlie Fox, went to Washington, D.C. for two days of meetings with legislators, including lunch with then Senator Al Gore (D-TN).
They were there to lobby against a copyright bill put forward by local television broadcasters that would mandate songwriter-producer source licensing of theme and incidental music on syndicated television show reruns and would disallow use of the blanket license then in effect.
The songwriters said without the blanket license, artists would have to negotiate up front with producers individually, without knowing if a series would be a success.
Manilow said that such a bill would act as a precedent for broadcasters to get rid of the blanket license entirely.
In the early 1990s, Manilow signed on with Don Bluth to compose the songs with lyricists Jack Feldman and Bruce Sussman for three animated films.
On February 19, 1992, Manilow testified before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property and Judicial Administration House Committee in support of H.R.
After a legal battle with Mark Schwartz, the show's producer, Manilow and Sussman in 2005 won back the rights to the musical.
This HDTV special documented the concert tour at the time with the greatest hits of his career and was also released to video.
While Manilow was at Concord Records, the Barry Manilow Scholarship was awarded for four consecutive years (2002–2005) to the six highest-achieving students to reward excellence in the art and craft of lyric writing.
Scholarship recipients were selected by the instructor based on progress made within the course, lyric writing ability, and the instructor's assessment of real potential in the field of songwriting.
Manilow told the audience that he was what Clay Aiken was going to look like in thirty years, thus acknowledging an ongoing comparison between the two.
Also on the special were guests Cyndi Lauper, José Feliciano, and Bette Midler (Midler, busy preparing her own tour in Los Angeles, appeared only in a pre-taped segment).
Las Vegas Hilton executives in a press conference with Manilow on December 14, 2004, announced his signing to a long-term engagement as the house show.
Four more took place in December, half in the NY tri-state area in Uniondale and East Rutherford, and two in Cleveland, Ohio, and Detroit.
Manilow launched another short tour in early 2008, visiting several large venues including the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota.
In May 2011, Manilow recorded his concerts at the O2 Arena in London, for CD and DVD release in early 2012.
Other destinations included Chicago at the United Center, Los Angeles at the Staples Center, and Brooklyn at the Barclay's Center for the tour finale on June 17, where Manilow celebrated his 72nd birthday during his Barclays Center debut.
Further, he has notched at least one top 40 album in each of the five decades from the 1970s through the 2010s.
Manilow later stated that he was in love with his wife and that his passion for a music career, in addition to his lack of maturity, put a strain on their relationship.
Manilow stated in 2017 that, despite his later long-term relationship with a man, he was in love with Deixler and the failure of his marriage was not related to issues of sexual orientation.
The media began to publicize the event when a friend of Manilow's, Suzanne Somers, publicly disclosed the private exchange of vows at Manilow's home in Palm Springs.
No official paperwork was filed, but it was reported that Manilow and Kief exchanged wedding bands as a sign of their dedication.
Manilow replied that he was just friends with Byrd, an innocent picture had been taken, and that there was no truth to the supposed engagement.
To help with the aftermath of Hurricane Hugo in 1989, which affected the Charleston, South Carolina, area, Manilow held a benefit concert November 12, 1989, at the University of South Carolina's Carolina Coliseum in Columbia, where the $10 tickets sold out in three hours, and asked concertgoers to bring canned food to be donated to residents in disaster areas.
On January 15, 1994, three hours before showtime, Manilow canceled a performance at an Ethnic Pride and Heritage Festival hosted at the Convention Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Benefactors included the Children's Hospital of New Jersey in Newark, the Community Foundation of New Jersey as well as United Hospitals Medical Center Foundation and Newark Museum in Newark during the pre-inaugural activities for then New Jersey Governor-elect Christie Whitman.
Manilow said in a statement that he was specifically told in writing that the concert would be part of a non-partisan event.
On February 8, 1994, Manilow sued Los Angeles radio station KBIG (104.3 FM), seeking $13 million in damages and $15 million in punitive damages, claiming that one of their advertisements was causing irreparable damage to his professional reputation.
The ad, a thirty-second spot which began airing on January 31, suggested that people listen to KBIG because it does not play Manilow's music.
Two days later, KBIG/104.3 FM agreed to drop the commercial poking fun at the singer, but a lawyer representing his business interests stopped short of agreeing to withdraw a $28 million lawsuit.
Arizona Court of Appeals Judge Philip Espinosa sued Manilow over the volume of a December 23, 1993, concert he attended with his wife.
The judge said in a lawsuit he has had a constant ringing in his ears and nearly blew his ears out.
The suit also named Manilow's production company, an Arizona concert promoter and the city of Tucson, Arizona, which runs the convention center where the concert was held.
In July 1997, to settle the suit it was reported that Manilow donated $5,000 to American Tinnitus Association, an ear-disorder association.
To help in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, for every US dollar donated by his fans to the American Red Cross through the Manilow Fund for Health and Hope website, Manilow personally matched, and the fund itself also matched, tripling the original donation.
Manilow made headlines in June 2006 when Australian officials blasted his music from 9pm until midnight every Friday, Saturday and Sunday to deter gangs of youths from congregating in a residential area late at night.
On October 27, 2011, Manilow visited Joplin, Missouri, a little more than five months after a tornado destroyed one-third of that city, including its only high school.
Abdulah Sidran, the second of four children, was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 2 October 1944, although several sources inaccurately give his date of birth as 29 September 1944.
After spending most of his life in Sarajevo, Sidran lived in Goražde before moving to a small village near Tešanj where he currently lives.
Sidran made regional headlines in January 2015 when he claimed that his former friend and director Emir Kusturica in fact died defending Sarajevo during the war in 1994 and was replaced by a Serb doppelganger named Pantelija Milisavljević.
Waterloo Region is still home to the largest population of Old Order Mennonites in Canada, particularly in the areas around St Jacobs and Elmira.
They are often seen on the local roads using their traditional horse and buggy transportation; many also use horses to pull the implements in their farm fields.
Valentine Ratz built the first sawmill to the west of the village in 1844 and the first school, in a log house, was founded in the same year.
Jacob C. Snider, of Swiss German descent, built a sawmill, a flour-mill and a woollen-mill by 1852, after having built a dam.
An 1851 report indicated that the village itself had a flour mill owned by Benjamin D. Snyder, a hotel, a blacksmith, a general store and a cooperage.
The first post office opened in 1852, called St. Jacobs, with Joseph Eby as postmaster and the village was incorporated in that year.
By 1855, the population was 400 and by then, there were four hotels, including Benjamins which still stands; it was later known as the Dominion Hotel.
Even that did not help to boost the population and St. Jacobs remained a small village, with virtually no growth until the 1950s.
In the early 1900s, North Waterloo County - the Kitchener, Waterloo, St. Jacobs, Elmira area - exhibited a strong German culture and those of German origin (from Pennsylvania or direct from Europe) made up a third of the population in 1911.
The Home Hardware company, founded in 1963 and still operating, can trace its roots all the way back to the 1880s in St. Jacobs, when a tinsmith shop was opened and was later sold to Henry Gilles, who added a blacksmith shop and hardware store that was managed by his son, Alfred Gilles.
In 1933, Henry Sittler took over as manager of the hardware business and stayed on after the business was sold to Gordon Hollinger who added a wholesale division to the hardware store.
In 1938, Walter J. Hachborn (who would establish Home Hardware) began working for Hollinger while he was still a teenager; he was able to speak both English and the Low German of his Mennonite customers.
During a 1962 meeting, the two agreed that independent hardware store owners would benefit from an organization that would allow for lower wholesale prices due to buying in bulk.
They met with 25 store owners and by March 1963, 122 dealers committed to the concept, paying to acquire the new corporation, Hollinger Hardware Limited.
Eventually, this would lead to the Canada-wide dealer-owned cooperative business with the Home Hardware head office and the massive distribution centre in St. Jacobs.
The village is a commercial centre where over 100 retailers, attractions, and restaurants cater to the interests of visitors in Woolwich.
St. Jacobs features dozens of artisans in historic buildings, such as the Country Mill, Village Silos, Mill Shed, and the Old Factory.
Visitors may watch artisans make pottery, quilts, designer clothes, jewellery, glass vases, woven wall hangings tiffany lamps, stained glass doors, miniature doll houses and more.
The Visitor Centre in downtown St. Jacobs is a Mennonite interpretation centre, providing information and education about the Mennonite people in the township.
The first store opened in downtown St. Jacobs in 1964 and remains in use as the local furniture outlet but a large new Home Hardware store across the street opened in November 2014.
SOLRS operates the seasonal, recreational Waterloo Central Railway between the St. Jacobs Farmers' Market, the Village of St. Jacobs, and the town of Elmira.
It operates on market days (May to October) and during certain special events including the Maple Syrup Festival in early April.
The market was established in April 1975 by eight farmers, including Jim Wideman, Jacob Shantz, Ross Shantz, and Milo Shantz; the Shantz families then managed the facility for over forty years.
The Millrace Footpath, a recreational trail that forms part of the Trans Canada Trail, runs along the Conestogo River from the Village of St. Jacobs to dam further up the river.
The trail offers many scenic views of the river and of the millrace constructed in the 1860s that used to power the village's gristmill.
The village also has an arena and community centre, as well as a originally built in 1934, with renovations financed by a private donation from Lola Snider.
Shannon () or Shannon Town (), named after the river near which it stands, is a town in County Clare, Ireland.
Spearheaded by Brendan O'Regan, it was built in the 1960s on reclaimed marshland alongside Shannon Airport, along with the Shannon Free Zone industrial estate.
The residential areas were intended as a home for the thousands of workers at the airport, surrounding industries and support services.
This was partly due to the proximity of 'friendly' places to live, such as Ennis town and Limerick city, or even the nearby village of Newmarket-on-Fergus.
Shannon was located in the parish of Newmarket-on-Fergus in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe, and at first a priest in residence of the airport served the population.
The Church of Ireland community is served by the Drumcliffe Union and the Methodist community is served by a lay pastor.
Shannon was the manufacturing base of GAC Ireland, which built almost all buses for CIÉ during its short existence between 1980 and 1986.
Shannon town currently has six primary schools: St. Tola's, St John's, St Senan's, Gaelscoil Donnacha Rua, St. Conaire's (largest primary school) and St. Aidan's, including a Gaelscoil (Gaelscoil Donncha Rua) and a school under the patronage of Church of Ireland (St. Johns NS).
Major companies in Shannon include global market leaders as Element Six, Symantec, Avocent, Genworth Financial, Lufthansa Technik, Mentor Graphics, RSA Security, Molex, GE Capital, Ingersoll Rand, Intel and Digital River.
The town is administered at a local level by Clare County Council, preceded by Shannon Town Council, which in turn succeeded the Shannon Town Commissioners.
In addition, prior to September 2004, Shannon Development, a state-sponsored body had charge of many services normally provided by local authorities in the Republic of Ireland.
Hiatt has been nominated for nine Grammy Awards and has been awarded a variety of other distinctions in the music industry.
Hiatt was born in 1952 to Ruth and Robert Hiatt, the sixth of seven children in a Roman Catholic family from Indianapolis.
To escape the stress of his early life, Hiatt watched IndyCar racing and listened to Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and the blues.
In his youth, Hiatt reports that he and several others stole a Ford Thunderbird, a crime for which he was caught by the owners but got away with, posing as a hitchhiker.
He learned to play the guitar when he was eleven, and began his musical career in Indianapolis, Indiana, as a teenager.
He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, when he was 18 years old and got a job as a songwriter for the Tree-Music Publishing Company for $25 a week.
During this time his style evolved from country-rock to new wave-influenced rock in the style of Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe and Graham Parker.
He performed at Paradiso in Amsterdam for the first time in 1979 (opening for Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes) and came back often and built a solid fan base.
The song would later be covered on albums by Willie Nelson, Paul Young, Rubén Blades and Willy DeVille, among others, as well as by Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan in concert.
Hiatt was signed to Geffen (which would later absorb MCA) in 1982, where he recorded three diverse albums from 1982 to 1985.
In 1992, Cooder, Keltner, and Lowe again backed up Hiatt, but this time they gave themselves a band name, Little Village, a reference to a Sonny Boy Williamson II song.
Hiatt recorded the album with producer Matt Wallace, who had worked most prominently with Faith No More, a band that Hiatt's 15-year-old son Rob had recommended for him.
Hiatt's next few albums never gained any momentum on the charts, and he saw little change in his fanbase in the late 1990s, indicating a dedicated following.
The album was produced by Jim Dickinson, and Hiatt was backed up by the bassist David Hood and several members of the North Mississippi Allstars.
The album, his first in four years, was recorded over four days in the summer of 2017, a period that included the August 21st solar eclipse.
Evenki (Ewenkī), formerly known as Tungus or Solon, is the largest member of the northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and (the more closely related) Oroqen language.
The influence of Russian in general is overwhelming (in 1979, 75.2% of the Evenkis spoke Russian, rising to 92.7% in 2002).
The Evenki language varies considerably among its dialects, which are divided into three large groups: the northern, the southern and the eastern dialects.
A written language was created for Evenkis in the Soviet Union in 1931, first using a Latin alphabet, and from 1937 a Cyrillic one.
SIL International's Ethnologue divides Tungusic into two sub-families, Northern and Southern, with Evenki alongside Even and Negidal in the Northern sub-family, and the Southern family itself subdivided into Southwestern (among which Manchu) and Southeastern (Nanai and others).
Others propose three or more sub-families, or at the extreme a continuum with Manchu at one end and Evenki at the other.
Bulatova enumerated 14 dialects and 50 sub-dialects within Russia, spread over a wide geographical area ranging from the Yenisei River to Sakhalin.
According to Ethnologue, the Hihue or Hoy dialect is considered the standard; Haila’er, Aoluguya (Olguya), Chenba’erhu (Old Bargu), and Morigele (Mergel) dialects also exist.
Bulatova and Grenoble list Evenki as having 11 possible vowel phonemes; a classical five-vowel system with distinctions between long and short vowels (except in ) and the addition of a long and short , while Nedjalkov claims that there are 13 vowel phonemes.
Evenki has a moderately small consonant inventory; there are 18 consonants (21 according to Nedjalkov 1997) in the Evenki language and it lacks glides or semivowels.
Knowledge of the rules of vowel harmony is fading, as vowel harmony is a complex topic for elementary speakers to grasp, the language is severely endangered (Janhunen), and many speakers are multilingual.
This alphabet had the following composition: Aa Bb Çç HH Dd Ӡӡ Ee Әә Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn ​​Ŋŋ Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Ww Yy; it also included diacritical marks: a macron to indicate the longitude of the sound and a sub-letter comma to indicate palatalization.
In 1930, it was decided to create a written language for the majority of the peoples of the North of the USSR.
This project differed from Vasilevich’s alphabet only by the presence of letters for displaying Russian borrowings (C c, F f, J j, W w, Z z), as well as using V v instead of W w. After some refinement, the letter Çç was replaced by C c, V v by W w, and the letter Y y was excluded.
The script has one additional letter, ӈ, to indicate /ŋ/; it is used only inconsistently in printed works, due to typographical limitations.
Instead д stands in for both /d/ and /dʒ/; when the latter pronunciation is intended, it is followed by one of Cyrillic's iotified letters, similar to the way those letters cause palatalization of the preceding consonant in Russian.
Evenki scholars made an attempt in the 1980s to create standard written forms for their language, using both Mongolian script and a pinyin-like Latin spelling.
They published an Evenki–Mongolian–Chinese dictionary () with Evenki words spelled in IPA, a pinyin-like orthography, and Mongolian script, as well as a collection of folk songs in IPA and Mongolian script (and Chinese-style numbered musical notation).
The Evenki language has a rich case system — 13 cases, though there is some variation among dialects — and it is a nominative–accusative language.
Evenki differentiates between alienable and inalienable possession: alienable possession marks the possessor in the nominative case and the possessum in the possessed case, while inalienable possession is marked by personal indices.
The Evenki did not have their own writing system until the introduction of the Latin script in 1931 and the subsequent change to Cyrillic in 1936-7.
The literary language was first based on the Nepa dialect of the Southern subgroup, but in the 1950s was redesigned with the Stony Tunguska dialect as its basis.
However, despite its failure to gain widespread acceptance, within its dialectal base of roughly 5,000 people, it survived and continues in use up to the present.
There is a large quantity of Russian loan words in Evenki, especially for technologies and concepts that were introduced by the Russian pioneers in Siberia.
In their daily life the people come into contact with Russian, Buriat and Yakut, and each of these languages had affected the Evenki language.
According to the 2002 Russian census, there are 35,527 citizens of the Russian Federation who identify themselves as ethnically Evenki, but only 7,580 speakers of the language.
In China, there is an ethnic population of 30,500 but only 19,000 are fluent in Evenki and there are only around 3,000 people who are monolingual in Evenki.
However Chaoke noted more than a decade later that the usage rate of Evenki remained quite high, and that it was still common to find Evenki speakers who were proficient in three, four, or even five languages.
There is a small population of Mongolized Hamnigan speakers of the Hamnigan dialect of Buryat in Mongolia as well, numbering around 1,000.
Instruction as a second language is also available in the Institute of the Peoples of the North at Herzen University (the former St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University).
In the 1980s, Christian missionaries working in Siberia translated the Bible into Evenki and a Christian group called the Global Recordings Network records Christian teaching materials in Evenki.
Even though there have been numerous tweaks to the Tuscan's chassis and suspension, the overall size and appearance of the variants remain virtually identical apart from minor aerodynamic aids to the S model in the form of an undertray in the front and a small boot-lid spoiler on the rear.
The modifications were restricted to cosmetic changes to the front and rear lights, the dashboard, and the spoilers on the S model plus some minor changes to the chassis to improve the handling.
TVR's design philosophy holds that such features do not improve either the performance or safety of their vehicles and thus they are not so equipped.
A modified version of the car was used in the 2003 24 Hours of Le Mans, and again the following year.
Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the middle of the 1950s as The Charlemagnes, the group is most noted for several hits on Gamble and Huff's Philadelphia International label between 1972 and 1976, although they performed and recorded until Melvin's death in 1997.
Despite group founder and original lead singer Harold Melvin's top billing, the Blue Notes' most famous member was Teddy Pendergrass, their lead singer during the successful years at Philadelphia International.
Pendergrass had been a member of Philadelphia R&B group The Cadillacs (not the New York group that had hits in the late 1950s) and was promoted to lead singer when John Atkins quit the same year.
This line-up of the group, featuring Melvin, Pendergrass, Bernard Wilson, Lawrence Brown, and Lloyd Parks, was signed to Gamble & Huff's Philadelphia International label in 1972.
Shortly after the arrival of Cummings, the Notes scored several major R&B and pop hits including million-selling singles and albums over the next four years.
In 1972, Melvin brought in Jerry Cummings to replace Lloyd Parks and Sharon Paige was added to the line-up at that time, providing solo performances on several recordings.
The Blue Notes departed Philadelphia International (who had signed Pendergrass for solo recordings) and joined ABC Records in 1977, where they recorded two albums produced by Melvin.
Saunders left the act in 1992, and Harold Melvin continued to tour with various lineups of Blue Notes until suffering a stroke in 1996.
Melvin died on March 24, 1997 at the age of 57 and was laid to rest at the Ivy Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.
First, Teddy Pendergrass died of respiratory failure on January 13, 2010 at age 59, after having previously dealt with colon cancer.
Six months later, original member Roosevelt Brodie, who was the second tenor for the original Blue Notes, died July 13, 2010 at age 75 due to complications of diabetes.
And just five months later in that year, Bernard Wilson died on December 26, 2010 at age 64 from complications of a stroke and a heart attack.
Lloyd Parks, Jerry Cummings, and Original Member Bobby Cook, are still living and are the sole survivors of the original Blue Notes.
Today, Gil Saunders continues to perform as a solo artist, and still performs all the hits of the past as well as his own material.
Former member Jerry Cummings is an ordained minister and has been asked to form Jerry Cummings' Blue Notes but has turned down the offer.
Dutch director David Kleijwegt made a documentary: Mister Soul - A story about Donny Hathaway which was premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on January 28th 2020.
Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born in Chicago but raised with his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project of St. Louis.
Hathaway began singing in a church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three and studying piano.
Hathaway then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he met close friend Roberta Flack.
Hathaway formed a jazz trio with drummer Ric Powell while there but during 1967 left Howard just before completing a degree, after receiving job offers in the music business.
Former Cleveland Browns president Bill Futterer, who as a college student promoted Curtom in the southeast in 1968 and 1969, was befriended by Hathaway and has cited Hathaway's influence on his later projects.
That year, Hathaway signed to Atco Records, then a division of Atlantic Records, after being spotted for the label by producer/musician King Curtis at a trade convention.
It was recorded at two concerts: side one at the Troubadour in Hollywood, and side two at The Bitter End in Greenwich Village, Manhattan.
In the mid-1970s, he also produced albums for other artists including Cold Blood, where he expanded the musical range of lead singer Lydia Pense.
It was found that he was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and was known to take strong medication daily to try to control the illness.
On January 13 of that year, Hathaway began a recording session at which producers/musicians Eric Mercury and James Mtume were present.
Mercury and Mtume each reported that although Hathaway's voice sounded good, he began behaving irrationally, seeming to be paranoid and delusional.
Given Hathaway's behavior, Mercury said that he decided the recording session could not continue, so he aborted it and all of the musicians went home.
Hours later, Hathaway was found dead on the sidewalk below the window of his 15th-floor room in New York's Essex House hotel.
The glass had been neatly removed from the window and there were no signs of struggle, leading investigators to rule that Hathaway's death was a suicide.
Front pointing is a fundamental technique in mountaineering and ice climbing which is used to ascend moderate to steep ice slopes.
Also referred to as the German technique, it is accomplished through the use of crampons with two front-slanting points or spikes, which allow traction to be concentrated at the toe of the climber's boots.
Climbers generally pick up this technique rather easily as it feels natural and secure but have a tendency to overuse it on moderately angled slopes where an alternate technique called flat-footing (French technique) would be less tiring and just as secure.
Due to the added stress and tiring effect on the calf muscles, climbers who regularly use this technique wear rigid crampons, or stiff/plastic mountaineering boots, versus the hinged variety used for more general mountaineering on steep snow slopes or glaciers.
It was first implemented in Masterton and Carterton on 29 September 1958, and was progressively rolled out nationwide with the last exchanges converting in 1988.
For the quarter of New Zealand’s then 414,000 telephone subscribers that were still on manual exchanges, one would simply pick up the telephone and ask the answering operator for the police, ambulance, or fire service by name.
However, the problem on manual exchanges was that calls were answered first-come-first-served, which meant on busy exchanges, emergency calls could be delayed.
For automatic exchanges, one would need to know the local police, ambulance or fire service’s telephone number, or look it up in the telephone directory, or dial the toll operator and ask them to place the call.
The problem was that the numbers were different for each exchange, and again, there was no way to tell emergency calls apart from regular calls.
Auckland, for example, had 40 telephone exchanges, and the telephone directory had 500 pages to search through to find the right number, although the separate emergency numbers for fire, police and ambulance in the main service area (e.g.
Following the 1947 Ballantynes fire in Christchurch, fire officer Arthur Varley was recruited from the UK to bring about a reform of the fire service.
In mid-1957, a committee was set up to institute a common emergency number across New Zealand, consisting of the Post and Telegraph Department, the Police, the Health Department, and the Fire Service.
With pulse dialling, New Zealand telephones pulse in reverse to the UK - dialling 0 sent ten pulses, 1 sent nine, 2 sent eight, 3 sent seven, etc.
In the early years of 111, the telephone equipment was based on British Post Office equipment, except for this unusual orientation.
Therefore, dialling 111 on a New Zealand telephone sent three sets of nine pulses to the exchange, exactly the same as the UK's 999.
The telephone exchange in Masterton was replaced in 1956, and was the first exchange to have the technology installed for the 111 service.
When a subscriber dialled 111 at either exchange, the call was routed by the automatic exchange onto one of three dedicated lines to the toll switchboard at the Masterton exchange (although the exchange connected calls automatically, long-distance (toll) calls still had to be connected manually through an operator).
The first operator to plug into the line took the call, and a supervisor would plug into the line to help if the situation became difficult.
Dedicated lines connected the toll switchboard to the Masterton police station, fire brigade, and the hospital, where they were connected to a special red telephone.
A similar arrangement was employed at the police station, while at the hospital the call went to the local switchboard where it was identified by a red light and a distinctive bell.
Among the first 111 calls was a call for an ambulance after an accident at a sawmill, and call to the fire service after a rubbish tip fire in Carterton.
The first hoax call also occurred on the first day – a caller dialled 111 to ask for the address of a Carterton hotel.
After the introduction of 111 in Masterton and Carterton, the service soon expanded to most major towns and cities, including from 1961 the main centres like Wellington, where the multi-exchange area included some pre-war Rotary exchanges.
By the mid-1980s all but a few rural exchanges had the service, and by 1988, 111 was available on every exchange in mainland New Zealand.
A case that caused particular concern was the disappearance of Iraena Asher, who vanished in October 2004 after she rang the police in distress and was instead sent a taxi that went to the wrong address.
It expressed ongoing concerns for public safety, and identified inadequate management, poor leadership, inadequate training, understaffing, underutilised technology and a lack of customer focus as being underlying risks for systemic failures.
The report made over 60 recommendations for improvement, including recommending a 15 to 20 year strategy to move away from using 111 as an emergency telephone number because of problems with misdialling due to the repeated digits.
Mobile networks will treat a 111 call as the highest priority, disconnecting another call if necessary to allow it to go through.
If the mobile network your phone is connected to has limited or no coverage where you're calling from, an attempt will automatically be made to access another mobile network to ensure the call is connected.
The Spark operator will remain connected with the caller until the specific service's communications centre has answered, and two way communication has been confirmed.
Over time, several measures have been introduced to attempt to reduce the number of non-genuine calls, such as the recorded message played to callers as soon as they dial 111 and charging for non-genuine calls made from landlines.
In May 2017, New Zealand introduced the Emergency Caller Location Information (ECLI) Service for providing the location of 111 mobile callers.
Depending on a number of environmental conditions the location provided can be as precise as 4 meters using the GNSS capabilities of an smartphone.
All location data is only be held for 60 minutes and is then deleted to comply with the regulated conditions of use of ECLI as set by the NZ Privacy Commissioner.
His father was attached to the household of the duke of Orléans, and his mother, who was on intimate terms with Anne of Austria, was regularly called upon to amuse Louis XIV.
By a whim of his mother, the boy was dressed like a girl until he was eighteen, and, after appearing for a short time in man's costume, he resumed woman's dress on the advice—doubtless satirical—of Madame de La Fayette.
He delighted in the most extravagant toilettes until he was publicly rebuked by the duc de Montausier, when he retired for some time to the provinces, using his disguise to assist his numerous intrigues.
De Choisy was made an abbé in his childhood, and poverty, induced by his extravagance, drove him to live on his benefice at Sainte-Seine in Burgundy, where he found among his neighbors a kindred spirit in Bussy-Rabutin.
He visited Rome in the suite of the cardinal de Bouillon in 1676, and shortly afterwards a serious illness brought about a sudden and rather frivolous conversion to religion.
The Pomeranian culture, also Pomeranian or Pomerelian Face Urn culture was an Iron Age culture with origins in parts of the area south of the Baltic Sea (which later became Pomerania, part of northern Germany/Poland), from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century BC, which eventually covered most of today's Poland.
Between 200 and 150 BC, it was succeeded by the Oksywie culture in eastern Pomerania and the Przeworsk culture at the upper Vistula and Oder rivers.
Babeş and Shchukin argue in favour of an origin in eastern Pomerania on the Baltic coast of northwestern Poland, on the grounds of correspondences in archaeological material e.g.
In the later Iron Age, the Pomeranian culture spread southward, into areas formerly belonging to the Lusatian, Wysoko- and Milograd cultures.
Colored or coloured is an ethnic descriptor historically used in the United States (predominantly during the Jim Crow era), and the United Kingdom with its former colonies.
In South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the term coloured (often capitalized) refers both to a specific ethnic group of complex mixed origins, which is considered neither black nor white, and in other contexts (usually lower case) to people of mixed race.
When Gates's cousin became the first black cheerleader at the local high school, she was not allowed to sit with the team and drink Coke from a glass, but had to stand at the counter drinking from a paper cup.
The term lives on in the name of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, generally called the NAACP.
She is a Member of the Legislative Council for Bihar Vidhan Parishad who has served three terms as the Chief Minister of Bihar, as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal political party, between 1997 and 2005.
She is the wife of the Indian politician Lalu Prasad Yadav, former Chief Minister of Bihar and former Railway Minister of India.
Devi's appointment as the Chief Minister of Bihar was considered as one of the most unexpected and awkward decisions in the entire Indian political history because she was a traditional housewife and had no interest nor any prior experience in politics until then.
The move fitted well with the needs of the government in power at the time as Lalu Prasad Yadav had to quit as the Chief Minister of Bihar after the Fodder scam was revealed, but he was alleged to have been controlling the affairs by giving his wife the coveted post of the head of the state government.
She became the first woman Chief Minister of Bihar on 25 July 1997 after her husband Lalu Prasad Yadav had to resign as the Chief Minister following the arrest warrant issued against him in corruption charges; in an unprecedented move, he appointed Rabri Devi as the new Bihar Chief Minister to hold onto power.
In 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Rabri Devi contested on two seats: Raghopur and Sonpur assembly seats, but lost both while Rashtriya Janata Dal faced massive defeat, winning only 22 seats.
The appointment of Rabri Devi as the Chief Minister of Bihar came under severe satirical criticism and stiff opposition, because she was illiterate and had little experience or interest in politics.
Rabri Devi married Lalu Prasad Yadav in 1973 at the age of 17 and has nine children, seven girls and two boys.
Her younger son Tejashwi Yadav served as the 4th Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar and at 26 years, was the youngest to hold the office.
Louise Angélique Motier de la Fayette (8 November 1618 – 11 January 1665) was a French courtier and close friend and confidant of King Louis XIII.
Through her grandmother, Louise de Bourbon-Busset, she came to the French court to Paris, and became maid-of-honor to Anne of Austria.
In 1635 Cardinal Richelieu sought to attract the attention of Louis XIII to her in the hope that she might counterbalance the influence exercised over him by Marie de Hautefort.
But when he divulged to her his resentment for the Cardinal, she, far from repeating Louis's confidences to the minister, set herself to encourage the King in his resistance to Richelieu's dominion.
She refused, nevertheless, to become Louis's mistress, and after taking leave of the King in Anne of Austria's presence, retired to the convent of the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary in 1637.
The cessation of their intercourse was regretted by the queen, who had been reconciled with her husband through the influence of Louise.
At the time of her death in January 1665, Mlle de La Fayette was superior of a convent of her order which she had founded in 1651 with Henrietta Maria widow of Charles I of England at Chaillot.
The cheese is round and flat like Gouda however it is made with sharp edges on one side and less roundness to its side.
On the farms, about 5% of buttermilk may be added to the milk, and it is set with rennet at a temperature of to .
About 30 minutes later, the curd is cut with a harp, stirred, and warmed to about by pouring in hot whey.
Cumin seeds are added to a portion of the curd, and the curd is then put into cloth-lined hoops in three layers, with the spiced curd as the middle layer.
This resulted in a byproduct of semi-skimmed (part skim) milk, which was usually fed to calves, as it was of limited value.
Farmers in the area near Leiden added cumin seeds and used to colour their cheeses using annatto, which gives the cheese its red color.
York was born in Fulmer, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, son of Florence Edith May Chown, a musician, and Joseph Gwynne Johnson, a Llandovery-born Welsh ex-Royal Artillery British Army officer and executive with Marks & Spencer department stores.
York has an older sister, Penelope Anne (born 1940) and younger twin sisters, Caroline and Bridget (born 1947); Bridget died a few hours after birth, according to his autobiography.
York met photographer Patricia McCallum in 1967 when she was assigned to photograph him, and they married on 27 March 1968, York's 26th birthday.
Prior to graduating with a degree in English from the University of Oxford in 1964, York had toured with the National Youth Theatre, also performing with the Oxford University Dramatic Society and the University College Players.
In the 1971 film Zeppelin, he portrayed a World War I soldier with conflicted family loyalties who pretends to side with the Germans.
Many critics, both whites and non-whites, of the term object to its lack of specificity and find the phrase racially offensive.
San Jiao is believed to be a body cavity of some kind which has the ability to influence other organs, and overall health, mainly through the free movement of Qi, the fundamental energy or life force.
According to traditional Chinese medicine, the three burners is essential in transporting fluids throughout the body, removing itching and heat, treating swellings, and overcoming problems with various organs.
Pain of Salvation is a Swedish progressive metal band led by Daniel Gildenlöw, who is the band's main songwriter, lyricist, guitarist, and vocalist.
Pain of Salvation's sound is characterised by riff-oriented guitar work, a broad vocal range, oscillation between heavy and calm passages, complex vocal harmonies and the structures of their albums, syncopation, and polyrhythms.
Lyrically, the band tends to address contemporary issues, such as sexuality, war, the environment, and the nature of God, humanity, and existence.
Their music is heavily inspired by The Beatles, Faith No More, Jeff Buckley, Jesus Christ Superstar, also other musical genres like jazz, classical music and ethnic music; Sometimes hip hop, soul and funk elements can be heard in their songs.
The band have also covered songs by Leonard Cohen, Stevie Wonder, Kiss, Lou Reed, Dio, The Moody Blues, The Beatles, Simon & Garfunkel and Elton John.
One of the early members was Daniel Magdic, who would remain with the band until after Entropia was recorded in 1997.
Preparations for the band’s second album were disrupted by the amicable departure of Magdic, who reportedly was unprepared to commit to the increasing demands associated with the band's initial success.
Some of the concepts explored are the impact of nuclear waste on the environment and life, in particular at Lake Karachay in the former USSR; indigenous peoples rights, displacement, and beliefs; and war and firearms.
Released in October 2000, the album was noted for being more straightforward and melodic than the two previous albums, yet retaining the complexity of arrangement and concept.
On 12 May 2003, Pain of Salvation recorded an acoustic concert in their hometown of Eskilstuna before a crowd of 80.
For much of 2003 and 2004, the band worked on their most ambitious conceptual undertaking to date: a concept album about the nature of God and humanity, which Daniel Gildenlöw had been working on intermittently since 1996.
The recording of the album was preceded by a number of live shows in Eskilstuna, where the band performed the album in its entirety.
After the conclusion of the string of performances, the material was further refined by Daniel Gildenlöw prior to commencing the recording in February 2004.
The messages were compiled and presented with a relaxed instrumental accompaniment, resulting in what the band considers to be one of their most touching tracks.
In 2004, Daniel Gildenlöw expressed his refusal to take part in the U.S. policy of fingerprinting all out-of-country visitors, as well as his contempt for the Bush administration.
On 22 January 2009, he announced his support for the newly elected Barack Obama and lifted his embargo on the country.
On 21 February 2006, Kristoffer Gildenlöw, unable to attend rehearsals due to his relocation to the Netherlands, was asked to leave the band.
Simon Andersson was recruited as touring bassist and, on 10 March 2007, he was made a full member of the band.
On 29 April 2007 the band announced that Johan Langell would depart at the end of the tour due to family commitments.
However, the recent bankruptcy of SPV forced both Pain of Salvation and Beardfish to back out of the tour because of a lack of financial backing.
The Ending Themes (On the Two Deaths of Pain of Salvation) DVD was released on 24 March 2009 and featured the band performing in Amsterdam performance.
However, the project was delayed due to the bankruptcy of SPV, subsidiary InsideOut Music was acquired by Century Media, which allowed the band to finish the albums.
By the time that Daniel Gildenlöw returned to the album, he had re-evaluated the double album concept and ultimately decided to split the project into two separate releases.
The band performed during the first semi-final and qualified for the runners-up broadcast; however, they lost to Pernilla Wahlgren by a slim margin and did not progress to the finals.
In late 2011 and early 2012, the band's lineup underwent significant turmoil, with Johan Hallgren and Fredrik Hermansson leaving at the end of the year, touring bassist Daniel Karlsson joining the band on keyboards, Gustaf Hielm returning on bass guitar, and Ragnar Zolberg joining on guitars.
On May 1st, 2017, the band announced the departure of Ragnar Zolberg from the band and the return of previous band member Johan Hallgren.
In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression.
Physically abused children are at risk for later interpersonal problems involving aggressive behavior, and adolescents are at a much greater risk for substance abuse.
In addition, symptoms of depression, emotional distress, and suicidal ideation are also common features of people who have been physically abused.
Studies have also shown that children with a history of physical abuse may meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
These recent findings may, at least in part, be carried forward by epigenetic changes that impact the regulation of stress physiology.
Many other potentially important consequences of childhood physical abuse on adolescent and adult physical and mental health and development have been documented via the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) studies.
Seeking treatment is unlikely for a majority of people that are physically abused, and the ones who are seeking treatment are usually under some form of legal constraint.
The prevention and treatment options for physically abused children include: enhancing positive experiences early in the development of the parent-child relationship, as well as changing how parents teach, discipline, and attend to their children.
Evidence-based interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as well as video-feedback interventions and child-parent psychodynamic psychotherapy; all of which specifically target anger patterns and distorted beliefs, and offer training and/or reflection, support, and modelling that focuses on parenting skills and expectations, as well as increasing empathy for the child by supporting the parent's taking the child's perspective.
These forms of treatment may include training in social competence and management of daily demands in an effort to decrease parental stress, which is a known risk factor for physical abuse.
Although these treatment and prevention strategies are to help children and parents of children who have been abused, some of these methods can also be applied to adults who have physically abused.
This definition has been adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) from a definition put forward by Action on Elder Abuse in the UK.
It includes harms by people the older person knows, or has a relationship with, such as a spouse, partner, or family member; a friend or neighbor; or people that the older person relies on for services.
Many forms of elder abuse are recognized as types of domestic violence or family violence since they are committed by family members.
In 2006 the International Network for Prevention of Elder Abuse (INPEA) designated June 15 as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD), and an increasing number of events are held across the globe on this day to raise awareness of elder abuse and highlight ways to challenge such abuse.
Although elders who have dementia or mental illness commonly make false accusations of theft and other forms of abuse by caregivers or family members, all reports of abuse must be investigated.
Although there are common themes of elder abuse across nations, there are also unique manifestations based upon history, culture, economic strength, and societal perceptions of older people within nations themselves.
The fundamental common denominator is the use of power and control by one individual to affect the well-being and status of another older individual.
In addition to observing signs in the elderly individual, abuse can also be detected by monitoring changes in the caregiver's behavior.
Caregivers who have a history of substance abuse or mental illness are more likely to commit elder abuse than other individuals.
An abuser can be a spouse, partner, relative, friend, neighbor, volunteer worker, paid worker, practitioner, solicitor, or any other individual with the intent to deprive a vulnerable person of their resources.
Children and living relatives who have a history of substance abuse or have had other life troubles are of particular concern.
For example, Hybrid Financial Exploitation (HFE) abusive individuals are more likely to be a relative, chronically unemployed, and dependent on the elderly person.
Elder abuse perpetrated by individuals with mental illnesses can be decreased by lessening the level of dependency that persons with serious mental illness have on family members.
This can be done by funneling more resources into housing assistance programs, intensive care management services, and better welfare benefits for individuals with serious mental illness.
People with substance abuse and mental health disorders typically have very small social networks, and this confinement contributes to the overall occurrence of elder abuse.
The majority of abusers are relatives, typically the older adult's spouse/partner or sons and daughters, although the type of abuse differs according to the relationship.
In some situations, an older couple may be attempting to care and support each other and failing, in the absence of external support.
In fact, a case study in Canada suggests that the high elder abuse statistics are from repeat offenders who, like in other forms of abuse, practice elder abuse for the schadenfreude associated with the act.
Institutional abuse may be the consequence of common practices or processes that are part of running of a care institution or service.
With the aging of today's population, there is the potential that elder abuse will increase unless it is more comprehensively recognized and addressed.
Elder abuse is not a direct parallel to child maltreatment, as perpetrators of elder abuse do not have the same legal protection of rights as parents of children do.
For example, a court order is needed to remove a child from their home but not to remove a victim of elder abuse from theirs.
At the relationship level, a shared living situation is a huge risk factor for the elderly, and living in the same area as the abuser is more likely to result in abuse.
At the sociocultural level, a representation of an older person as weak and dependent, lack of funds to pay for care, elderly people who need assistance but live alone, and destruction of bonds between the generation of a family are possible factors in elder abuse.
There has been a general lack of reliable data in this area and it is often argued that the absence of data is a reflection of the low priority given to work associated with older people.
However, over the past decade there has been a growing amount of research into the nature and extent of elder abuse.
One study suggests that around 25% of vulnerable older adults will report abuse in the previous month, totaling up to 6% of the general elderly population.
However, some consistent themes are beginning to emerge from interactions with abused elders, and through limited and small scale research projects.
Work undertaken in Canada suggests that approximately 70% of elder abuse is perpetrated against women and this is supported by evidence from the Action On Elder Abuse (AEA) helpline in the UK, which identifies women as victims in 67% of calls.
Also domestic violence in later life may be a continuation of long term partner abuse and in some cases, abuse may begin with retirement or the onset of a health condition.
The higher proportion of spousal homicides supports the suggestion that abuse of older women is often a continuation of long term spousal abuse against women.
This is an important point because the domestic violence of older people is often not recognized and consequently strategies, which have proved effective within the domestic violence arena, have not been routinely transferred into circumstances involving the family abuse of older people.
According to the AEA helpline in the UK, abuse occurs primarily in the family home (64%), followed by residential care (23%), and then hospitals (5%), although a helpline does not necessarily provide a true reflection of such situations as it is based upon the physical and mental ability of people to utilize such a resource.
In 2007, 4766 cases of suspected abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation involving older adults were reported, an increase of 9 percent over 2006.
Although there has been an increase in awareness of elder abuse over the years, physicians tend to only report 2% of elder abuse cases.
Reasons for lack of reporting by physicians include a lack of current knowledge concerning state laws on elder abuse, concern about angering the abuser and ruining the relationship with the elderly patient, possible court appearances, lack of cooperation from elderly patients or families, and lack of time and reimbursement.
Educating and training those in the criminal justice system, such as police, prosecutors, and the judiciary on elder abuse, as well as increased legislation to protect elders, will also help to minimize elder abuse.
In general, preventing the occurrence or recurrence of elder abuse helps not only the elder but it may also improve the anxiety and depression of their caregivers too.
For example, several communities throughout the United States have created Financial Abuse Specialist Teams, which are multidisciplinary groups that consist of public and private professionals who volunteer their time to advise Adult Protective Services (APS), law enforcement, and private attorneys on matters of vulnerable adult financial abuse.
By one estimate, 70% of elderly people with mental impairments such as dementia, delusions, or paranoia falsely accuse caregivers of stealing.
Psychological abuse, often called emotional abuse, is a form of abuse, characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
It is often associated with situations of power imbalance in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, and abuse in the workplace.
It also may be perpetrated by persons conducting torture, other violence, acute or prolonged human rights abuse, particularly without legal redress such as detention without trial, false accusations, false convictions and extreme defamation such as where perpetrated by state and media.
It can include anything from verbal abuse and constant criticism to more subtle tactics such as intimidation, manipulation, and refusal to ever be pleased.
Even though there is no established definition for emotional abuse, emotional abuse can possess a definition beyond verbal and psychological abuse.
The victim's self-worth and emotional well being are altered and even diminished by the verbal abuse, resulting in an emotionally-abused victim.
This would involve the tactics of brainwashing, which can fall under psychological abuse as well, but emotional abuse consists of the manipulation of the victim's emotions.
The victim may feel their emotions are being affected by the abuser to such an extent that the victim may no longer recognize their own feelings regarding the issues the abuser is trying to control.
The U.S. Department of Justice defines emotionally abusive traits as including causing fear by: intimidation, threatening physical harm to self, partner, children, or partner's family or friends, destruction of pets and property, forcing isolation from family, friends, or school or work.
Rather, it is defined by a pattern of such behaviors, unlike physical and sexual maltreatment where only one incident is necessary to label it as abuse.
Although psychological abuse does not always lead to physical abuse, physical abuse in domestic relationships is nearly always preceded and accompanied by psychological abuse.
A 2012 review by Capaldi et al., which evaluated risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV), noted that psychological abuse has been shown to be both associated with and common in IPV.
Basile found that psychological aggression was effectively bidirectional in cases where heterosexual and homosexual couples went to court for domestic disturbances.
A 2007 study of Spanish college students aged 18–27 found that psychological aggression (as measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale) is so pervasive in dating relationships that it can be regarded as a normalized element of dating, and that women are substantially more likely to exhibit psychological aggression.
found that female intimate partners in heterosexual relationships were more likely than males to use psychological aggression, including threats to hit or throw an object.
found that females in intimate heterosexual relationships were more likely than males to threaten to use a knife or gun against their partner.
In 1996, the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, for Health Canada, reported that 39% of married women or common-law wives suffered emotional abuse by husbands/partners; and a 1995 survey of women 15 and over 36–43% reported emotional abuse during childhood or adolescence, and 39% experienced emotional abuse in marriage/dating; this report does not address boys or men suffering emotional abuse from families or intimate partners.
A BBC radio documentary on domestic abuse, including emotional maltreatment, reports that 20% of men and 30% of women have been abused by a spouse or other intimate partner.
Emotional abuse of a child is commonly defined as a pattern of behavior by parents or caregivers that can seriously interfere with a child's cognitive, emotional, psychological, or social development.
Some parents may emotionally and psychologically harm their children because of stress, poor parenting skills, social isolation, and lack of available resources or inappropriate expectations of their children.
Rates of reported emotional abuse in the workplace vary, with studies showing 10%, 24%, and 36% of respondents indicating persistent and substantial emotional abuse from coworkers.
In a web-based survey, Namie found that women were more likely to engage in workplace bullying, such as name calling, and that the average length of abuse was 16.5 months.
This study also reports that 51.4% of the workers surveyed have already experienced verbal abuse, and 29.8% of them have encountered workplace bullying and mobbing.
In their review of data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (a longitudinal birth cohort study) Moffitt et al.
The study found that no matter what gender a person is, aggressive people share a cluster of traits, including high rates of suspicion and jealousy; sudden and drastic mood swings; poor self-control; and higher than average rates of approval of violence and aggression.
also argue that antisocial men exhibit two distinct types of interpersonal aggression (one against strangers, the other against intimate female partners), while antisocial women are rarely aggressive against anyone other than intimate male partners.
Male and female perpetrators of emotional and physical abuse exhibit high rates of personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.
Rates of personality disorder in the general population are roughly 15–20%, while roughly 80% of abusive men in court-ordered treatment programmes have personality disorders.
Abusers can be very manipulative, often recruiting friends, law officers and court officials, and even the victim's family to their side, while shifting blame to the victim.
Often, research shows that emotional abuse is a precursor to physical abuse when three particular forms of emotional abuse are present in the relationship: threats, restriction of the abused party and damage to the victim's property.
A study of college students by Goldsmith and Freyd report that many who have experienced emotional abuse do not characterize the mistreatment as abusive.
Additionally, Goldsmith and Freyd show that these people also tend to exhibit higher than average rates of alexithymia (difficulty identifying and processing their own emotions).
This is often the case when referring to victims of abuse within intimate relationships, as non-recognition of the actions as abuse may be a coping or defense mechanism in order to either seek to master, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict.
A 1998 study of male college students by Simonelli & Ingram found that men who were emotionally abused by their female partners exhibited higher rates of chronic depression than the general population.
Pimlott-Kubiak and Cortina found that severity and duration of abuse were the only accurate predictors of after effects of abuse; sex of perpetrator or victim were not reliable predictors.
report that children whose families are characterized by interpersonal violence, including psychological aggression and verbal aggression, may exhibit a range of serious disorders, including chronic depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation and anger.
report that, in a survey of female patients, 24% suffered emotional abuse, and that this group experienced higher rates of gynecological problems.
In their study of men emotionally abused by a wife/partner or parent, Hines and Malley-Morrison report that victims exhibit high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and drug addiction, including alcoholism.
performed a study which discovered that among the youth, those with a history of maltreatment showed that emotional distress is a predictor of early initiation of sexual intercourse.
In families where child maltreatment had occurred, children were more likely to experience heightened emotional distress and subsequently to engage in sexual intercourse by age 14.
It is apparent that psychological abuse sustained during childhood is a predictor of the onset of sexual conduct occurring earlier in life, as opposed to later.
Namie's study of workplace emotional abuse found that 31% of women and 21% of men who reported workplace emotional abuse exhibited three key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (hypervigilance, intrusive imagery, and avoidance behaviors).
There are non-profit organizations which provide support and prevention services, such as the Domestic Abuse Helpline for Men & Women (in the USA), operated by staff and trained volunteers to offer information and crisis intervention to victims of domestic violence.
Some researchers have, however, begun to develop methods to diagnose and treat such abuse, including the ability to: identify risk factors, provide resources to victims and their families, and ask appropriate questions to help identify the abuse.
The majority of companies within the United States provide access to a human resources department, in which to report cases of psychological/emotional abuse.
Similarly, Sorenson and Taylor randomly surveyed a group of Los Angeles, California residents for their opinions of hypothetical vignettes of abuse in heterosexual relationships.
Their study found that abuse committed by women, including emotional and psychological abuse such as controlling or humiliating behavior, was typically viewed as less serious or detrimental than identical abuse committed by men.
Additionally, Sorenson and Taylor found that respondents had a broader range of opinions about female perpetrators, representing a lack of clearly defined mores when compared to responses about male perpetrators.
While it is typical for people to consider males to be the more aggressive of the two sexes, researchers have studied female aggression to help understand psychological abuse patterns in situations involving female abusers.
This concept that females are raised with fewer restrictions on aggressive behaviors (possibly due to the anxiety over aggression being focused on males) is a possible explanation for women who utilize aggression when being mentally abusive.
These findings state that existing cultural norms show males as more dominant and are therefore more likely to begin abusing their significant partners.
Dutton found that men who are emotionally or physically abused often encounter victim blaming that erroneously presumes the man either provoked or deserved the mistreatment by their female partners.
Often, this results in further dependence of the individual on their abuser, as they may often change certain aspects of their lives that limit their resources.
Many abusers are able to control their victims in a manipulative manner, utilizing methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the abuser, rather than to force them to do something they do not wish to do.
Simon argues that because aggression in abusive relationships can be carried out subtly and covertly through various manipulation and control tactics, victims often don't perceive the true nature of the relationship until conditions worsen considerably.
While some women are aggressive and dominating to male partners, some studies show that the majority of abuse in heterosexual partnerships, at about 80% in the US, is perpetrated by men.
However, more recent data specifically regarding domestic abuse (including emotional abuse) report that 3 in 10 women, and 1 in 5 men, have experienced domestic abuse.
Commentators argue that legal systems have in the past endorsed these traditions of male domination, and it is only in recent years that abusers have begun to be punished for their behavior.
Studies suggest that fundamentalist religious prohibitions against divorce may make it more difficult for religious men or women to leave an abusive marriage.
A 2016 report by the Muslim Women's Network UK cited several barriers for Muslim women in abusive marriages who seek divorce through Sharia Council services.
These barriers include: selectively quoting religious text to discourage divorce; blaming the woman for the failed marriage; placing greater weight on the husband's testimony; requiring the woman to present two male witnesses; and pressuring women into mediation or reconciliation rather than granting a divorce, even when domestic violence is present.
William John Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock, PC (8 December 1907 – 14 October 1985) was a British judge and Law Lord.
Born the son of an Irish solicitor, he attended Whitgift School and University College, Oxford, where he read chemistry and was later to become an Honorary Fellow.
He became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (Law Lord) in 1968 and was elevated as a life peer with the title Baron Diplock, of Wansford in the County of Huntingdonshire to the House of Lords.
As Lord Diplock, he chaired a commission set up in 1972 to consider legal measures against terrorism in Northern Ireland, which led to the establishment of the juryless Diplock courts with which his name is now associated.
He made many contributions to legal thought and pushed the law in new and unique directions, not least UK courts without jurys ('Diplock courts)'.
Roman boy-emperor Elagabalus, for example, was said to enjoy practical jokes at his dinner parties and would often place whoopee cushions under the chairs of his more pompous guests.
The modern version was invented in the 1920s by the JEM Rubber Co. of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by employees who were experimenting with scrap sheets of rubber.
The owner of the company approached Samuel Sorenson Adams, the inventor of numerous practical jokes and owner of S.S. Adams Co., with the newly invented item.
If placed on a chair, an unsuspecting victim will sit on the whoopee cushion, forcing the air out of the opening, which causes the flap to vibrate and create a loud, farting-like sound.
In psychology, the false-consensus effect or false-consensus bias is an attributional type of cognitive bias whereby people tend to overestimate the extent to which their own opinions, beliefs, preferences, values, and habits are normal and typical of those of others (i.e., that others also think the same way that they do).
This false consensus is significant because it increases or decreases self-esteem, the overconfidence effect or a belief that everyone knows one's own knowledge.
This bias is especially prevalent in group settings where one thinks the collective opinion of their own group matches that of the larger population.
Since the members of a group reach a consensus and rarely encounter those who dispute it, they tend to believe that everybody thinks the same way.
The false-consensus effect is not restricted to cases where people believe that their values are shared by the majority, but it still manifests as an overestimate of the extent of their belief.
Additionally, when confronted with evidence that a consensus does not exist, people often assume that those who do not agree with them are defective in some way.
There is no single cause for this cognitive bias; the availability heuristic, self-serving bias, and naïve realism have been suggested as at least partial underlying factors.
When this personal knowledge is used as input to make generalizations, it often results in the false sense of being part of the majority.
The false-consensus effect can be contrasted with pluralistic ignorance, an error in which people privately disapprove but publicly support what seems to be the majority view (see below).
The false-consensus effect can be contrasted with pluralistic ignorance, an error in which people privately disapprove but publicly support what seems to be the majority view (regarding a norm or belief), when the majority in fact shares their (private) disapproval.
While the false-consensus effect leads people to wrongly believe that the majority agrees with them (when the majority, in fact, openly disagrees with them), the pluralistic ignorance effect leads people to wrongly believe that they disagree with the majority (when the majority, in fact, covertly agrees with them).
Pluralistic ignorance might, for example, lead a student to engage in binge drinking because of the mistaken belief that most other students approve of it, while in reality most other students disapprove, but behave in the same way because they share the same mistaken (but collectively self-sustaining) belief.
In a parallel example of the false-consensus effect, a student who likes binge drinking would believe that a majority also likes it, while in reality most others dislike it and openly say so.
The principal claim of Leon Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory was that individuals evaluate their thoughts and attitudes based on other people.
As an extension of this theory, people may use others as sources of information to define social reality and guide behavior.
The problem, though, is that people are often unable to accurately perceive the social norm and the actual attitudes of others.
First, as social comparison theory explains, individuals constantly look to peers as a reference group and are motivated to do so in order to seek confirmation for their own attitudes and beliefs.
In order to guarantee confirmation and a higher self-esteem, though, an individual might unconsciously project their own beliefs onto the others (the targets of their comparisons).
The false-consensus effect, as defined by Ross, Greene, and House in 1977, came to be the culmination of the many related theories that preceded it.
In their well-known series of four studies, Ross and associates hypothesized and then demonstrated that people tend to overestimate the popularity of their own beliefs and preferences.
The theoretical perspectives of this era can be divided into four categories: (a) selective exposure and cognitive availability, (b) salience and focus of attention, (c) logical information processing, and (d) motivational processes.
Instead, they admit that there is overlap among the theories and that the false-consensus effect is most likely due to a combination of these factors.
This theory is closely tied to the availability heuristic, which suggests that perceptions of similarity (or difference) are affected by how easily those characteristics can be recalled from memory.
As a result of the selective exposure and availability heuristic, it is natural for the similarities to prevail in one's thoughts.
This theory suggests that when an individual focuses solely on their own preferred position, they are more likely to overestimate its popularity, thus falling victim to the false-consensus effect.
For instance, if an individual makes an external attribution for their belief, the individual will likely view his or her experience of the thing in question as merely a matter of objective experience.
On the other hand, someone in the same situation who makes an internal attribution (perhaps a film aficionado who is well-aware of his or her especially high standards) will realize the subjectivity of the experience and will be drawn to the opposite conclusion; their estimation of consensus with their experience will be much lower.
By this logic, then, it can be said that the false-consensus effect is really a reflection of the fundamental attribution error (specifically the actor-observer bias), in which people prefer external/situational attributions over internal/dispositional ones to justify their own behaviors.
In a study done by Fox, Yinon, and Mayraz, researchers were attempting to determine whether or not the levels of the false-consensus effect changed in different age groups.
In order to come to a conclusion, it was necessary for the researchers to split their participants into four different age groups.
The younger age groups cannot logically relate to those older to them because they have not had that experience and do not pretend to know these objective truths.
These results demonstrate a tendency for older people to rely more heavily on situational attributions (life experience) as opposed to internal attributions.
Instead of looking at situational attributions, personality psychology evaluates a person with dispositional attributions, making the false-consensus effect relatively irrelevant in that domain.
For an organism to visibly see ultraviolet light, they must have genes (which then give rise to the biological structure) that allows them to see the external environment.
Since the brain is a biological system, there must be an underlying biological disposition that similarly allows an individual to register and interpret the social environment, thus generating the false-consensus effect.
Belief in a favorable future is the belief that future others will change their preferences and beliefs in alignment with one's own.
Belief in a favorable future suggests that people overestimate the extent to which other people will come to agree with their preferences and beliefs over time.
For example, if a man doubted whether he wanted to buy a new tool, breaking down his notion that others agree with his doubt would be an important step in persuading him to purchase it.
By convincing the customer that other people in fact do want to buy the appliance, the seller could perhaps make a sale that he would not have made otherwise.
In this way, the false-consensus effect is closely related to conformity, the effect in which an individual is influenced to match the beliefs or behaviors of a group.
There are two differences between the false-consensus effect and conformity: most importantly, conformity is matching the behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a real group, while the false-consensus effect is perceiving that others share your behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes, whether or not they really do.
Making the customer feel like the opinion of others (society) is to buy the appliance will make the customer feel more confident about his purchase and will make him believe that other people would have made the same decision.
That is to say, while some people are motivated to reach correct conclusions, others may be motivated to reach preferred conclusions.
Members of the latter category will more often experience the false-consensus effect, because the subject is likely to search actively for like-minded supporters and may discount or ignore the opposition.
First of all, it is unclear exactly which factors play the largest role in the strength and prevalence of the false-consensus effect in individuals.
For example, two individuals in the same group and with very similar social standing could have very different levels of false-consensus effect, but it is unclear what social, personality, or perceptual differences between them play the largest role in causing this disparity.
For example, many of the referenced studies in this article examined college students, who might have an especially high level of false-consensus effect both because they are surrounded by their peers (and perhaps experience the availability heuristic) and because they often assume that they are similar to their peers.
A silver medal in sports and other similar areas involving competition is a medal made of, or plated with, silver awarded to the second-place finisher, or runner-up, of contests or competitions such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, etc.
The custom of gold-silver-bronze for the first three places dates from the 1904 games and has been copied for many other sporting events.
From 1928 to 1968 the design was always the same: the obverse showed a generic design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli with text giving the host city; the reverse showed another generic design of an Olympic champion.
From 1972–2000, Cassioli's design (or a slight reworking) remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse.
Noting that Cassioli's design showed a Roman amphitheatre for what was originally a Greek games, a new obverse design was commissioned for the Athens Games.
In The Open Championship golf tournament, the Silver Medal is an award presented to the lowest scoring amateur player at the tournament.
In many sports with an elimination tournament, including those with a third place playoff (such as Olympic ice hockey, Olympic soccer, FIFA World Cup), silver is the only medal given to a team that loses, whereas gold and bronze are earned by teams winning their final matches.
Notable athletes such as Jocelyne Larocque (2018 Olympics) removed their runners-up/silver medals right after receiving them; Larocque was later ordered by the International Ice Hockey Federation official to put her silver medal back on.
A bronze medal in sports and other similar areas involving competition is a medal made of bronze awarded to the third-place finisher of contests or competitions such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, etc.
The practice of awarding bronze third place medals began at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, Missouri, before which only first and second places were awarded.
From 1928–1968 the design was always the same: the obverse showed a generic design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli with text giving the host city; the reverse showed another generic design of an Olympic champion.
From 1972–2000, Cassioli's design (or a slight reworking) remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse.
Noting that Cassioli's design showed a Roman amphitheatre for what was originally a Greek game, a new obverse design was commissioned for the Athens 2004 Games.
In 1995, a study was carried out by social psychologists Victoria Medvec, Scott Madey and Thomas Gilovich on the effects of counterfactual thinking on the Olympics.
The study showed that athletes who won the bronze medal were significantly happier with their winning than those athletes who won the silver medal.
The silver medalists were more frustrated because they had missed the gold medal, while the bronze medalists were simply happy to have received any honors at all (instead of no medal for fourth place).
This is more pronounced in knockout competitions, where the bronze medals are achieved by winning a playoff, whereas silver medals are awarded after a defeat in the final.
This page lists all marquessates, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
The title of Marquess of Dublin, which is perhaps best described as Anglo-Irish, was the first to be created, in 1385, but like the next few creations, the title was soon forfeit.
The Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
According to the Article V of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Presidency comprises three members: one Bosniak, one Serb, and one Croat.
The Bosniak and Croat members are elected from a joint constituency in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whilst the Serb member is elected from voters in Republika Srpska.
Similar to the Russian presidency, individuals are able to serve no more than two consecutive four-year terms, although there are no overall term limits.
The position of Chairperson rotates twice around the three members every eight months, with the candidate receiving the most votes overall becoming the first Chairperson over the four-year term.
The Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation (Ph) is a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of leukemia cancer cells (particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells).
(Some cases are confounded by either a cryptic translocation that is invisible on G-banded chromosome preparations, or a variant translocation involving another chromosome or chromosomes as well as the long arm of chromosomes 9 and 22.
However, the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is not sufficiently specific to diagnose CML, since it is also found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (aka ALL, 25–30% of adult cases and 2–10% of pediatric cases) and occasionally in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) as well as mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL).
The chromosomal defect in the Philadelphia chromosome is a reciprocal translocation, in which parts of two chromosomes, 9 and 22, swap places.
p190 is generally associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), while p210 is generally associated with chronic myeloid leukemia but can also be associated with ALL and AML.
The ABL1 gene expresses a membrane-associated protein, a tyrosine kinase, and the BCR-ABL1 transcript is also translated into a tyrosine kinase containing domains from both the BCR and ABL1 genes.
This is due to the replacement of the myristoylated cap region, which when present induces a conformational change rendering the kinase domain inactive, with a truncated portion of the BCR protein.
As the N-terminal Y177 and CC domains from BCR encode the constitutive activation of the ABL1 kinase, these regions are targeted in therapies to downregulate BCR-ABL1 kinase activity.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors specific to such domains as CC, Y177, and Rho (such as imatinib and sunitinib) are important drugs against a variety of cancers including CML, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
The BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and protein encoded by the Philadelphia chromosome affects multiple signaling pathways that directly affect apoptotic potential, cell division rates, and different stages of the cell cycle to achieve unchecked proliferation characteristic of CML and ALL.
Particularly vital to the survival and proliferation of myelogenous leukemia cells in the microenvironment of the bone marrow is cytokine and growth factor signaling.
The JAK/STAT pathway moderates many of these effectors by activating STATs, which are transcription factors with the ability to modulate cytokine receptors and growth factors.
JAK2 mutations have been shown to be central to myeloproliferative neoplasms and JAK kinases play a central role in driving hematologic malignancies (JAK blood journal).
ALL and CML therapies have targeted JAK2 as well as BCR-ABL using nilotinib and ruxolitinib within murine models to downregulate downstream cytokine signaling by silencing STAT3 and STAT5 transcription activation (appelmann et al).
The interaction between JAK2 and BCR-ABL within these hematopoietic malignancies implies an important role of JAK-STAT-mediated cytokine signaling in promoting the growth of leukemic cells exhibiting the Ph chromosome and BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity.
Though the centrality of the JAK2 pathway to direct proliferation in CML has been debated, its role as a downstream effector of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase has been maintained.
Impacts on the cell cycle via JAK-STAT are largely peripheral, but by directly impacting the maintenance of the hematopoietic niche and its surrounding microenvironment, the BCR-ABL upregulation of JAK-STAT signaling plays an important role in maintaining leukemic cell growth and division.
In Ph chromosome-containing cells, the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activates the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, which results in unregulated cell proliferation via gene transcription in the nucleus.
Ras in particular is shown to be an important downstream target of BCR-ABL1 in CML, as Ras mutants in murine models disrupt the development of CML associated with the BCR-ABL1 gene (Effect of Ras inhibition in hematopoiesis and BCR/ABL leukemogenesis).
The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is also implicated in overexpression of osteopontin (OPN), which is important for maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell niche, which indirectly influences unchecked proliferation characteristic of leukemic cells.
BCR-ABL fusion cells also exhibit constitutively high levels of activated Ras bound to GTP, activating a Ras-dependent signaling pathway which has been shown to inhibit apoptosis downstream of BCR-ABL (Cortez et al).
Interactions with the IL-3 receptor also induce the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway to phosphorylate transcription factors which play a role in driving the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
The c-Abl gene in wild-type cells is implicated in DNA binding, which affects such processes as DNA transcription, repair, apoptosis, and other processes underlying the cell cycle.
While the nature of this interaction has been debated, evidence exists to suggest that c-Abl phosphorylates HIPK2, a serine/threonine kinase, in response to DNA damage and promotes apoptosis in normal cells.
The BCR-ABL fusion, in contrast, has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, but its effect on DNA binding in particular is unclear.
In apoptotic inhibition, BCR-ABL cells have been shown to be resistant to drug-induced apoptosis but also have a proapoptotic expression profile by increased expression levels of p53, p21, and Bax.
Another factor preventing cell cycle progression and apoptosis is the deletion of the IKAROS gene, which presents in >80% of Ph chromosome positive ALL cases.
The IKAROS gene is critical to Pre-B cell receptor-mediated cell cycle arrest in ALL cells positive for Ph, which when impaired provides a mechanism for unchecked cell cycle progression and proliferation of defective cells as encouraged by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase signaling.
The Philadelphia chromosome is designated Ph (or Ph') chromosome and designates the shortened chromosome 22 which encodes the BCR-ABL fusion gene/protein kinase.
It arises from the translocation, which is termed t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, with breaks happening in region (3), band (4), sub-band (1) of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 and region (1), band (1), sub-band (2) of the long arm (q) of chromosome 22.
In the late 1990s, STI-571 (imatinib, Gleevec/Glivec) was identified by the pharmaceutical company Novartis (then known as Ciba Geigy) in high-throughput screens for tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Subsequent clinical trials led by Dr. Brian J. Druker at Oregon Health & Science University in collaboration with Dr. Charles Sawyers and Dr. Moshe Talpaz demonstrated that STI-571 inhibits proliferation of BCR-ABL-expressing hematopoietic cells.
Other pharmacological inhibitors are being developed, which are more potent and/or are active against the emerging Gleevec/Glivec resistant BCR-abl clones in treated patients.
Combination therapies with nilotinib and ruxolitnib have also shown success in suppressing resistance by targeting the JAK-STAT and BCR-ABL stages simultaneously.
Small molecule inhibitors, like arsenic trioxide and geldanamycin analogues, have also been identified in downregulating BCR-ABL kinase translation and promoting its degradation by protease.
Axitinib, a drug used to treat renal cell carcinoma, has been shown to be effective at inhibiting the Abl kinase activity in patients with BCR-ABL1(T315I).
The T315I mutation in the fusion gene confers resistance to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, however axitinib has been successfully been used to treat a patient with ALL carrying this mutation, as well as CML cells in culture.
Treatment of pediatric Ph+ ALL with a combination of standard chemotherapy and RTK inhibitors may result in remission, but the curative potential is unknown.
A potentially curative, but risky, option for pediatric Ph+ ALL or Ph+ CML is bone marrow transplant or cord blood transplant, but chemotherapy is favored by some for achieving first remission (CR1).
For some, bone marrow transplant from a matched sibling donor or a matched, unrelated donor may be favored when remission is obtained.
Cord blood transplant is favored by some when a 10/10 bone marrow match is not available, and cord blood transplant may have some advantages, including a reduced incidence of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), which is a common and significant complication of transplant.
However, transplant with cord blood sometimes requires longer periods of time for engraftment, which may increase the potential for complications due to infection.
Regardless of the type of transplant, transplant-related mortality and relapse are possible, and the rates may change as treatment protocols improve.
The Philadelphia chromosome was first discovered and described in 1959 by David Hungerford from Fox Chase Cancer Center (then the Institute for Cancer Research) and Peter Nowell from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and was named after the city in which both facilities are located.
Hungerford was writing his doctoral thesis on chromosomes in a genetics lab at Fox Chase Cancer Center, and detected a tiny flaw in chromosomes from the blood cells of patients with a type of leukemia.
Nowell was a pathologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studying leukemia cells under the microscope when he noticed cells in the act of dividing.
In 1973, Janet Rowley at the University of Chicago identified the mechanism by which the Philadelphia chromosome arises as a translocation.
Živko Radišić (, ; born 15 August 1937) is a Bosnian Serb politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Radišić was elected Bosnian Serb member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency in September 1998, defeating the incumbent Momčilo Krajišnik by 45,000 votes.
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), also Wernicke's encephalopathy is the presence of neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B1).
The condition is part of a larger group of thiamine deficiency disorders, that includes beriberi in all its forms, and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome.
While it is commonly regarded as a condition peculiar to malnourished people with alcohol misuse, it can be caused by a variety of diseases.
It is treated with thiamine supplementation, which can lead to improvement of the symptoms and often complete resolution, particularly in those where alcohol misuse is not the underlying cause.
Wernicke encephalopathy may be present in the general population with a prevalence of around 2%, and is considered underdiagnosed; probably, many cases are in patients who do not have commonly-associated symptoms.
However, in actuality, only a small percentage of patients experience all three symptoms, and the full triad occurs more frequently among those who have overused alcohol.
Although hypothermia is usually diagnosed with a body temperature of 35 °C / 95° Fahrenheit, or less, incipient cooling caused by deregulation in the central nervous system (CNS) needs to be monitored because it can promote the development of an infection.
Cardiac abnormalities are an aspect of the WE, which was not included in the traditional approach, and are not classified as a separate disease.
Because of the frequent involvement of heart, eyes and peripheral nervous system, several authors prefer to call it Wernicke disease rather than simply encephalopathy.
A very high percentage of patients with Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome also have peripheral neuropathy, and many alcoholics have this neuropathy without other neurologic signs or symptoms.
In a study, half of Wernicke-Korsakoff cases had good recovery from the amnesic state, which may take from 2 months to 10 years.
Wernicke encephalopathy has classically been thought of as a disease solely of alcoholics, but it is also found in the chronically undernourished, and in recent years had been discovered post bariatric surgery.
The body only has 2–3 weeks of thiamine reserves, which are readily exhausted without intake, or if depletion occurs rapidly, such as in chronic inflammatory states or in diabetes.
The primary neurological-related injury caused by thiamine deficiency in WE is three-fold: oxidative damage, mitochondrial injury leading to apoptosis, and directly stimulating a pro-apoptotic pathway.
Thiamine deficiency alters the glutamate uptake of astrocytes, through changes in the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2, leading to excitotoxicity.
Despite its name, WE is not related to Wernicke's area, a region of the brain associated with speech and language interpretation.
Brainstem lesions may include cranial nerve III, IV, VI and VIII nuclei, the medial thalamic nuclei, and the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve.
in 1997 established criteria that Wernicke encephalopathy can be diagnosed in any patient with just two or more of the main symptoms noted above.
The sensitivity of the diagnosis by the classic triad was 23% but increased to 85% taking two or more of the four classic features.
Some British hospital protocols suspect WE with any one of these symptoms: confusion, decreased consciousness level (or unconsciousness, stupor or coma), memory loss, ataxia or unsteadiness, ophthalmoplegia or nystagmus, and unexplained hypotension with hypothermia.
As a much more diverse range of symptoms has been found frequently in patients it is necessary to search for new diagnostic criteria, however Wernicke encephalopathy remains a clinically-diagnosed condition.
in several papers the involvement of the cranial nerve nuclei and central gray matter on MRI, is very specific to WE in the appropriate clinical setting.
The location of the lesions were more frequently atypical among non-alcoholics, while typical contrast enhancement in the thalamus and the mammillary bodies was observed frequently associated with alcohol abuse.
Thiamine can be measured using an erythrocyte transketolase activity assay, or by activation by measurement of in vitro thiamine diphosphate levels.
Normal thiamine levels do not necessarily rule out the presence of WE, as this may be a patient with difficulties in intracellular transport.
There are hospital protocols for prevention, supplementing with thiamine in the presence of: history of alcohol misuse or related seizures, requirement for IV glucose, signs of malnutrition, poor diet, recent diarrhea or vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, intercurrent illness, delirium tremens or treatment for DTs, and others.
In the clinical diagnosis should be remembered that early symptoms are nonspecific, and it has been stated that WE may present nonspecific findings.
Considering the diversity of possible causes and several surprising symptomatologic presentations, and because there is low assumed risk of toxicity of thiamine, because the therapeutic response is often dramatic from the first day, some qualified authors indicate parenteral thiamine if WE is suspected, both as a resource for diagnosis and treatment.
The diagnosis is highly supported by the response to parenteral thiamine, but is not sufficient to be excluded by the lack of it.
Alcohol abusers may have poor dietary intakes of several vitamins, and impaired thiamine absorption, metabolism, and storage; they may thus require higher doses.
The observation of edema in MR, and also the finding of inflation and macrophages in necropsied tissues, has led to successful administration of antiinflammatories.
Other supplements may also be needed, including: cobalamin, ascorbic acid, folic acid, nicotinamide, zinc, phosphorus (dicalcium phosphate) and in some cases taurine, especially suitable when there cardiocirculatory impairment.
There are no conclusive statistical studies, all figures are based on partial studies, and because of the ethical problems in conducting controlled trials are unlikely to be obtained in the future.
In a series of autopsy studies held in Recife, Brazil, it was found that only 7 out of 36 had had alcoholic habits, and only a small minority had malnutrition.
In a reviewed of 53 published case reports from 2001 to 2011, the relationship with alcohol was also about 20% (10 out of 53 cases).
WE was first identified in 1881 by the German neurologist Carl Wernicke, although the link with thiamine was not identified until the 1930s.
A similar presentation of this disease was described by the Russian psychiatrist Sergei Korsakoff in a series of articles published 1887–1891.
The Light of Other Days is a 2000 science fiction novel written by Stephen Baxter based on a synopsis by Arthur C. Clarke, which explores the development of wormhole technology to the point where information can be passed instantaneously between points in the spacetime continuum.
The novel examines the philosophical issues that arise from the world's population (increasingly suffering from ecological and political disturbances) being aware that they could be under constant observation by anyone, or that they could observe anyone without their knowledge.
An underground forms which attempts to escape this observation; corruption and crime are drastically reduced; states discover the true causes and outcomes of international conflicts; and religions worldwide are forced to re-evaluate their divine histories.
As the underground movement grows, it utilises a direct neural interface coupled with the unlimited communication provided by the wormhole technology to develop a group mind.
One of the central themes of the novel is that history is biased towards viewpoints of the person who wrote it.
For example, during the book's progression the time viewer technology shows that Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman centurion (although the apocryphal story of his visiting Great Britain is proven to be true), and that Moses was based on a collection of stories rather than the actions of a real person.
A time hole is opened to the beginning of life on Earth and it is discovered that all existing life is descended from a biological sample placed by intelligent beings (labeled Sisyphans) who inhabited the Earth over three billion years ago, trying to preserve genetic samples when geological and climatic changes and a large bolide threatened an extinction level event.
By combining past viewing with neural sensing wormholes, scientists also find ways to copy the dead from the past and upload them to the present, achieving Nikolai Fedorov's vision of technological resurrection of the dead, bringing back to life all the dead from the past.
Born in Niort (Deux-Sèvres), he belonged to a noble Protestant family of Languedoc which had been reduced to poverty by the revocation of the edict of Nantes.
His parents died in 1774–1775, and in 1777 Fontanes went to Paris, where he found a friend in the dramatist Jean-François Ducis.
He married at Lyon in 1792, and his wife's first child was born during their flight from the siege of that town.
Fontanes was in hiding in Paris when the four citizens of Lyon were sent to the Convention to protest against the cruelties of Collot d'Herbois.
The petition was drawn up by Fontanes, and the authorship being discovered, he fled from Paris and found shelter at Sevran, near Livry, and afterwards at Andelys.
On the fall of Robespierre he was made professor of literature in the École Centrale des Quatre-Nations, and he was one of the original members of the Institute.
He has been accused of servility to Napoleon, but he had the courage to remonstrate with him on the judicial murder of the duc d'Enghien, and as grand master of the University of Paris (1808–1815) he consistently supported religious and monarchical principles.
Over the first two Tests, his performance was ordinary and was dropped for the Third Test in favour of debutant Ramnath Kenny.
In the Fifth and final Test of the series, Borde made his international breakthrough with a maiden century, 109 and then 96 in the second innings of a drawn match.
In the next series, India toured England, and Borde fractured the little finger on the left hand in the First Test, and missed the second Test.
In the Fourth Test against Pakistan in Madras, he made 177*, his second century and highest Test score, combining in a 177-run stand with fellow centurion Polly Umrigar.
Borde played a key part in India's first victory over England in the Fourth Test played in Eden Gardens, Kolkata, scoring two half centuries (68 and 61) and taking 3 wickets in the First Test.
He followed it with good performances in the next two series (England in India, and Australia tour of India) scoring 383 at 42.55 and taking ten wickets in eight Tests.
New Zealand toured India in 1964/65 and Borde took a liking to the opposition, scoring a century in Brabourne Stadium, Bombay in the Third Test.
Borde followed up the successful New Zealand series with another great individual performance in the home series against West Indies scoring two centuries as India lost the three Test series 2–0.
Outside his sole Test as captain in Australia, Borde had disappointing performances on the tours to Australia, England and New Zealand scoring 468 runs at 24.67 in 11 Tests with only four half-centuries.
Playing only as a specialist batsman, Borde was dropped as part of a youth selection policy, with his place taken by Gundappa Viswanath after the First Test against Australia at Brabourne Stadium.
Yashwant Sinha (born 6 November 1937) is a former Indian administrator, politician and a former Minister of Finance (1990–1991 under Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar and March 1998 – July 2002 under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Minister of External Affairs July 2002 – May 2004).
His son Jayant Sinha, a consultant and investor, won the 2019 elections for the Hazaribagh constituency and was former Minister of State for Civil Aviation in Narendra Modi's cabinet.
He was Under Secretary and Deputy Secretary in the Finance Department of the Bihar Government for 2 years after which he worked in the Ministry of Commerce as Deputy Secretary to the Government of India.
After working for over seven years in this field, he acquired experience in matters relating to foreign trade and India's relations with the European Economic Community.
Thereafter, he worked in the Department of Industrial Infrastructure, Government of Bihar State and in the Ministry of Industry, Government of India dealing with foreign industrial collaborations, technology imports, intellectual property rights, and industrial approvals.
He later was Joint Secretary to Government of India in the Ministry of Surface Transport from 1980 to 1984, his main responsibilities were road transport, ports, and shipping.
He was appointed All-India General secretary of the party in 1986 and was elected Member of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of the Indian Parliament) in 1988.
In the Lok Sabha elections of 2004, he was defeated in Hazaribagh Constituency by the able efforts of Prashant Sahay grandson of K B Sahay who later saved his life as well.
Sinha, during his tenure, was forced to roll back some of his government's major policy initiatives for which he was much criticised.
Still, Sinha is widely credited for pushing through several major reform measures that put the Indian economy on a firm growth trajectory.
Among them are lowering of real interest rates, introducing tax deduction for mortgage interest, freeing up the telecommunications sector, helping fund the National Highways Authority, and deregulating the petroleum industry.
Sinha is also known for being the first Finance Minister to break the 53-year tradition of presenting the Indian budget at 5 pm local time, a practice held over from British Rule days that sought to present the Indian budget at a time convenient to the British Parliament (1130am GMT) rather than India's Parliament.
Yashwant Sinha has been accused by opponents, and by other political observers of trying to promote nepotism by nominating his son Jayant Sinha as a successor to contest from Hazaribagh overlooking the interests of many other loyal party workers, though he tried to justify the nomination of his son as a party decision.
On 25 April 2015, The French Government honoured him with the highest French civilian distinction of Officier de la Légion d’Honneur (Officer of the Legion of Honour).
It was bestowed upon him in recognition of his work as Union Minister of Finance, Minister of External Foreign Affairs and for his invaluable contribution to international issues.
While presenting the Honour to Sinha, French Ambassador to India François Richier said as Minister of External Affairs, and Chair of the Indo-French Parliamentary Friendship Group since its very inception (2009-2014), Sinha contributed to the deepening of the Indo-French strategic partnership, launched during the visit of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Paris (September 1998) and the development of ties between France and India.
Created in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, the Legion of Honour is the highest civilian award given by the French Republic for outstanding service to France, regardless of the nationality of the recipients.
Jayant also contested elections for Member of Parliament from Yashwant Sinha's home constituency of Hazaribagh, which he won by a margin of votes, getting a total of in his favour.
Sumant Sinha is also an alumnus of IIT Delhi, the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, and was a Dean's Fellow at The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University.
On 4 April 2017, Sinha was detained in Hazaribagh district along with BJP MLA Manish Jaiswal and 150 others after trying to hold a religious procession.
The current rank of seaman apprentice should not be confused with the rank of apprentice seaman which was the lowest Navy rank from 1904 to 1948.
The museum houses over 13,000 spaceflight artifacts—the largest combined collection of US and Russian spaceflight artifacts in the world—and is home to internationally acclaimed educational programs.
The facility houses the largest collection of Russian space artifacts outside of Moscow, and a collection of US space artifacts second only to the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C..
The Cosmosphere has four venues: The Hall of Space Museum, The Justice Planetarium, The Carey Digital Dome Theater, and Dr. Goddard's Lab (an explosive live science presentation on the history of rocketry).
The Cosmosphere also hosts summer camps for all ages, and co-curricular applied STEM education programs for field trips, groups, and scouts that meet Next Generation Science Standards and common core, focused on college and career readiness.
In 2015, the Justice Planetarium underwent a complete renovation, transitioning from an optical starball projection system to the Spitz Sci-Dome XD digital projection system.
The Cosmosphere's SpaceWorks division has restored flown U.S. spacecraft for museums and exhibits across the globe, including artifacts that are part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum.
A prized item on display is a Moon rock from Apollo 11, the first manned mission to land on the Moon.
The Cosmosphere museum begins with the earliest experiments in rocketry during the World War II era, explores through the Space Race and Cold War, and continues through modern times with the Space Shuttle and International Space Station, as well as SpaceShipOne and commercial spaceflight.
The Cosmosphere hosts summer camps for all ages, and co-curricular applied STEM education programs for field trips, groups, and scouts that meet Next Generation Science Standards and common core, focused on college and career readiness.
There are programs available for Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and American Heritage Girls that meet program requirements and help scouts earn merit badges.
In November 2003, the Cosmosphere released a statement indicating that a routine audit had revealed many missing items from the museum.
Over a year later, in April 2005, former Cosmosphere director Max Ary was charged with stealing artifacts from the museum's collection and selling the pieces for personal profit.
Some of the missing items included a nose cone, silk screens, boot covers, nuts and bolts, an Air Force One control panel, and a tape of the Apollo 15 landing which Ary sold for $2,200.
Additional charges involved the theft of dozens more artifacts from the Cosmosphere when he left in 2002, and false insurance claims made on the loss of an astronaut's Omega watch replica.
He testified that the artifacts he sold were from his private collection which he had accumulated through undocumented trades and salvage of unwanted items.
Some of the items in question were supposedly brought with him from the Noble Planetarium in 1976 and incorporated into the Cosmosphere's permanent collection, and in many cases, ownership of artifacts could not be proved on Ary's behalf or the Cosmosphere's.
In 2008 he lost his appeal, and began to serve his sentence in a federal prison in El Reno, Oklahoma on April 24, 2008.
Since its formation in 1991, the band line-up has included Tim Sult (lead guitar), Dan Maines (bass), Jean-Paul Gaster (drums), and Neil Fallon (vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards).
Clutch was formed in 1991 by Dan Maines (bass), Jean-Paul Gaster (drums), Tim Sult (guitar), and Roger Smalls (vocals) in Germantown, Maryland.
Smalls soon departed and was replaced by Neil Fallon, a longtime schoolmate of the other members at Seneca Valley High School.
The later album was produced by Joe Barresi who has also produced for Kyuss, Melvins, Queens of the Stone Age, and Tool.
The set includes the entire December 28, 2009 show at Washington, D.C.'s 9:30 club, in which the band performed its entire 1995 self-titled LP.
In an interview on January 7, 2015 with music and entertainment company 88 Miles West, Fallon stated that the band was heading to Dripping Springs, Texas, to record their upcoming eleventh album.
In the late 1990s, Clutch and its sibling project The Bakerton Group (an instrumental jam band composed of all four Clutch members) formed an independent record label, River Road Records, to release their own music.
In 2007, Gaster collaborated with Opeth keyboardist Per Wiberg and Kamchatka guitarist Thomas Andersson in a band called King Hobo, which has thus far released one album.
In 2012, guitarist Tim Sult formed the side-project Deep Swell with drummer Jesse Shultzaberger and bassist Logan Kilmer of The Woodshedders and vocalist Briena Pearl.
Fallon is also the singer for The Company Band as well as Dunsmuir, the collaboration with former Black Sabbath and Heaven and Hell drummer Vinny Appice.
Its ideological origins date back to Guzmán's Guildist Movement, born out of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in 1966, espousing the independence and depoliticization of intermediate bodies of civil society.
UDI, together with National Renewal (RN) and other minor movements, formed a coalition of right-wing parties called Coalition for Change, which is the successor to Alliance for Chile and rose to power in March 2010, after victory in the presidential elections of January 2010.
In the 2009 Chilean parliamentary election, UDI held the largest plurality in the election of deputies, electing 40 deputies (one third of the House) with 23.04% (1,507,001 votes), and got 21.21% (369,594 votes) in the election of senators.
In the 2008 Chilean municipal election, UDI got 347 councilmen (16.16% of councilmen) by a vote of 15.11%, and obtained 58 mayors (16.81% of mayors) by a vote of 20.05%.
That year, it was the largest party by elected councilmen and the most voted for party in the election of councilmen.
Also, UDI is the second largest party by number of mayors in Chile (only one mayor less than Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Chile).
The movement quickly became one of the most important in the Catholic University, and later won the presidency of the University's Student Union.
Jaime Guzmán criticized liberal democracy and sought inspiration in authoritarian corporatism, proposing the principle of subsidiarity and to invigorate intermediate social movements, by the way that these were independent to develop their own specific purposes.
Well into the government of Salvador Allende, some young members of the National Party and the Christian Democrats became part of the Gremialismo Movement of Jaime Guzmán.
Guzmán was later appointed a member of the Commission for the Study of the New Constitution, who worded the new constitution promulgated in 1980.
The emerging movement, a supporter of the military government, had (as opposed to the traditional right-wing political groups) a strong empathy with the lower classes, in order to seize from the Marxist left its traditional domain.
Amid the growing economic crisis of the time, UDI engaged in empowering leaders in the countryside and peripheral neighbourhoods that would help extend its influence in the middle and lower classes.
On April 29, 1987, the Independent Democratic Union merged with other related movements such as National Union Movement, led by Andrés Allamand, and National Labour Front, led by Sergio Onofre Jarpa, plus some former members and supporters of the National Party and the Christian Democrats, to form the National Renewal party (RN), who managed briefly to unite all the right movements in the country.
However, UDI members maintained their own identity in the new party, which caused a crisis in 1988, culminating in the resignation of all former UDI members to National Renewal.
Allamand stayed in charge of National Renewal, while Jaime Guzman managed to register a new political party: Independent Democratic Union in 1989.
In the 1989 parliamentary elections, the Independent Democratic Union obtained a 9.82% of votes in deputies (14 deputies out of 120) and 5.11% in the Senate (2 senators elected on 38).
Although Guzman took third place with only 17% of the vote, behind Christian Democrat Andrés Zaldívar and Party for Democracy leader Ricardo Lagos, the two main leaders of the Coalition of Parties for Democracy, the binomial system allowed Zaldívar's and his election and deferred Ricardo Lagos who got 30%.
By 1990, Guzman was positioned as the leader of the opposition and was one of the harshest critics of the new democratic government, accusing it of softness in the fight against left-wing armed organizations which kept operating in Chile after the restoration of restricted democracy.
The Independent Democratic Union remained as a minor party in the early years of transition, compared with its ally National Renewal, but over the years managed to win preferences, match and surpass them.
In subsequent elections, UDI began to grow noticeably: got 12.11% in a congressional election in 1993, a 14.45% in elections in 1997 and 25.19% in the 2001 elections, when it became the largest party in Chile, removing that title to the Christian Democrats.
In 1998, when Pinochet was arrested in London, the UDI and National Renewal pressed the Frei government to return him to Chile.
In 1999, Joaquín Lavín, the mayor of Las Condes and member of UDI, was proclaimed as the Alliance for Chile candidate for the presidential election.
Even as a relatively new face, a moderate support for Augusto Pinochet and a proposal eminently pragmatic rather than dogmatic, took him to get the 47.51% of the votes against the Concertación candidate Ricardo Lagos on the first ballot, with a difference of about 30,000 votes (i.e., almost one vote per polling place).
During the first half of the presidential term of Ricardo Lagos (2000–2006), UDI established itself as a relevant political actor of the opposition.
Proof of this are the results of UDI in the 2000 municipal elections, the parliamentary elections of 2001, and the Lagos-Longueira agreement of January 17, 2003 to modernize the State administration and give a consensual political solution to Inverlink case and MOP-Gate case, which affected the institutional stability of the Lagos administration.
A milestone in the party's image came in 2003 when Longueira reported in a TV interview that he met with relatives of Disappeared Detainees, who saw the party as a serious and reliable institution, through which they could get some of the solutions that Socialist governments had not granted them.
Also in 2003, stressed the frictions and conflicts between RN and UDI, mainly due to a dispute between the parties for the leadership within the Alliance for Chile, as well as personal disagreements between the presidents of both parties, Pablo Longueira and Sebastián Piñera.
That is Joaquin Lavin, who was then leader of the Alliance for Chile and only presidential candidate, had suddenly and publicly call on both the resignation from their posts.
In 2005, UDI selected Joaquín Lavín for presidential elections again, but National Renewal launched its own candidate, the millionaire businessman and former senator Sebastián Piñera.
During the government of Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010), UDI was the majority party in both houses of Congress and successfully fought the municipal election of 2008.
At the internal level, in July 2008 was first presented two lists to lead the party: one headed by Juan Antonio Coloma and Victor Perez Varela (who had the backing of the historical leaders of the party) and one by Jose Antonio Kast and Rodrigo Alvarez (supported mainly by the younger members).
Coloma's board immediately got down to the details of the upcoming 2008 Chilean municipal election, and just finished it, the preparations for next year's parliamentary and presidential election.
In December 2008, the highest party leaders decided to forgo the option to offer the country a UDI presidential candidate and provided support for Piñera's candidacy in order to avoid a fifth consecutive Concertacion government.
Sebastián Piñera, the candidate of the Coalition for Change, was elected President of the Republic of Chile on January 17, 2010, in runoff against Senator Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle.
Meanwhile, in 2009 Chilean parliamentary election, UDI managed to remain the largest party in the country and elected 40 deputies out of 120, representing the largest bank obtained by a single political party in Chile since 1990.
In August 2010 they met for the second time the lists of Juan Antonio Coloma and Jose Antonio Kast to lead the party, again with a triumph for Coloma with more than 67% of the votes.
His father, Pierre Ducis, originally from Savoy, was a linen draper at Versailles, and his mother, Maria-Thérèse Rappe, was the daughter of a porter of the Count of Toulouse and all through life he retained the simple tastes and straightforward independence fostered by his bourgeois education.
Ducis was noted for his translations of six of Shakespeare's plays and Ducis' adaptations, which frequently involved renaming characters and revising plots, became the basis for translations into Italian and the languages of Eastern Europe.
He had been named a member of the Council of the Ancients in 1798, but he never discharged the functions of the office; and when Napoleon offered him a post of honor under the empire, he refused.
Amiable, religious and bucolic, he had little sympathy with the fierce, sceptical and tragic times in which his lot was cast.
His ignorance of the English language left him at the mercy of the translations of Pierre Letourneur (1736–1788) and of Pierre de la Place (1707–1793); and even this modified Shakespeare had still to undergo a process of purification and correction before he could be presented to the fastidious criticism of French taste.
That such was the case was not, however, the fault of Ducis; and he did good service in modifying the judgment of his fellow countrymen.
He did not pretend to reproduce, but to excerpt and refashion; and consequently the French play sometimes differs from its English namesake in everything almost but the name.
The area comprising the Southwest is largely the same as the historical province of Finland Proper, so named because it is the original home of the tribe known as the Finns.
In historic times, in the area of the present Southern Finland lived three tribes, which were the Finns, the Tavastians and the Karelians.
In the 17th century the name began to be used to refer to the whole land and a specified name for the lesser Finland was required.
As of 2018, Southwest Finland had an population of 478,582, making it the third most populated Finnish region after Uusimaa and Pirkanmaa.
Muslim league fared badly in these elections, failing to secure a majority even in Muslim majority states but it still demanded that the Congress should admit its representatives in all Provincial ministries.
Gary Edmund Carter (April 8, 1954 – February 16, 2012) was an American professional baseball catcher whose 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career was spent primarily with the Montreal Expos and New York Mets.
Known throughout his career for his hitting and his excellent defense behind the plate, Carter made a major contribution to the Mets' World Series championship in 1986, including a 12th-inning single against the Houston Astros which won Game 5 of the NLCS and a 10th-inning single against the Boston Red Sox to start the fabled comeback rally in Game 6 of the World Series.
He is one of only four people ever to be named captain of the Mets, and he had his number retired by the Expos.
Athletic at a young age, Carter - along with four other boys - won the 7-year-old category of the first national Punt, Pass, and Kick skills competition in 1961.
He attended high school at Sunny Hills High School, in Fullerton, California, where he played football as a quarterback and baseball as an infielder.
After receiving more than 100 athletic scholarship offers, Carter signed a letter of intent to play football for the UCLA Bruins as a quarterback, but instead signed with the Montreal Expos after they drafted him in the 1972 Major League Baseball draft.
Carter was drafted by the Montreal Expos as a shortstop in the third round of the 1972 Major League Baseball draft.
Following a September call-up, Carter made his major league debut in Jarry Park in Montreal in the second game of a double header against the New York Mets on September 16.
He hit his first major league home run on September 28 against Steve Carlton in a 3–1 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies.
Carter split time between right field and catching during his rookie season (), and was selected for the National League All-Star team as a right fielder.
He did not get an at bat, but appeared as a defensive replacement for Pete Rose in the ninth inning, and caught Rod Carew's fly ball for the final out of the NL's 6–3 victory.
In that rookie season, Carter hit .270 with 17 home runs and 68 runs batted in, receiving the Sporting News Rookie of the Year Award and finishing second to San Francisco Giants pitcher John Montefusco for the National League Rookie of the Year award.
That same year, he was voted the Expos Player of the Year for the first of four times (also winning in 1977, 1980 and 1984).
Carter again split time in the outfield and behind the plate in while a broken finger limited him to 91 games.
In , Carter clubbed 29 home runs, drove in 101 runs, and earned the first of his three consecutive Gold Glove Awards.
He finished second to third baseman Mike Schmidt in NL MVP balloting, whose Phillies took the National League East by one game over the Expos.
Carter was elected to start his first All Star Game, and responded with two home runs and being named the game's MVP.
MLB split the 1981 season into two halves, with the first-place teams from each half in each division meeting in a best-of-five divisional playoff series.
In his first post-season, Carter batted .421, hit two home runs and drove in six in the Expos' three games to two victory over the Phillies in the division series.
Carter's average improved to .438 in the 1981 National League Championship Series, with no home runs or RBIs, and his Expos lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games.
Carter hit a home run in the 1984 Major League Baseball All-Star Game to give the NL a 2–1 lead that they would not relinquish, earning him his second All-Star game MVP award.
At the end of the season, the rebuilding Expos chafed at Carter's salary demands and traded him to the Mets for Hubie Brooks, Mike Fitzgerald, Herm Winningham and Floyd Youmans.
In his first game as a Met on April 9, 1985, he hit a tenth-inning home run off Neil Allen to give the Mets a 6–5 Opening Day victory over the St. Louis Cardinals.
The Mets and Cardinals rivaled for the National League East championship, with Carter and first baseman Keith Hernandez leading the Mets.
The season came down to the wire as the Mets won 98 games that season; however, they lost the division to a Cardinals team that won 101 games.
The Mets had three players finish in the top ten in NL MVP balloting that season (Dwight Gooden 4th, Carter 6th, and Hernandez 8th).
Carter batted .276 with nine RBIs in his first World Series, and hit two home runs over Fenway Park's Green Monster in Game Four.
He is the only player to hit two home runs in both an All-Star Game (1981) and a World Series game.
Carter started a two-out rally in the tenth inning of Game 6, scoring the first of three Mets runs that inning on a single by Ray Knight.
He had 299 home runs by May 16, after a fast start, then slumped until August 11 against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field when he hit his 300th.
During his home run drought, Carter was named co-captain of the team with Hernandez, who had been named captain the previous season.
He ended the season with 10,360 career putouts as a catcher, breaking the career mark of Detroit Tigers catcher Bill Freehan (9941).
He found himself again in a pennant race in with the Los Angeles Dodgers, who finished one game behind the Atlanta Braves in the National League West.
In his last at-bat (in the seventh inning) on September 27, 1992, he hit a double over the head of Chicago Cubs right-fielder and former Expos teammate Andre Dawson.
In his sixth attempt on the Baseball Hall of Fame ballot, Gary Carter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame along with Eddie Murray on January 7, 2003.
Carter had originally expressed a preference during his final playing season to be inducted wearing an Expos cap on his plaque.
Given the uncertainty of the Expo franchise, Carter's employment by the Mets organization since retiring as a player, his World Series title with the Mets, and his media celebrity during his stint in New York, Carter shifted his preference to be enshrined with a Mets cap after his election to the Hall.
At the induction ceremony, Carter spoke some words in French, thanking fans in Montreal for the great honor and pleasure of playing in that city, while also taking great care to note the Mets' 1986 championship as the highlight of his career.
While the Mets have not retired number eight, it has remained unused since Carter's election to the Hall of Fame in 2003.
In , Carter was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame along with Kirk McCaskill, and his number eight was retired by the Expos.
After the Expos moved to Washington, D.C. to become the Washington Nationals following the season, a banner displaying Carter's number along with those of other Expos stars Andre Dawson, Tim Raines and Rusty Staub was hung from the rafters at the Bell Centre, home of the NHL's Montreal Canadiens.
A year later, he was promoted to the A-level St. Lucie Mets, and guided his team to the Florida State League championship, again earning Manager of the Year honors.
In more recent years, Carter was criticized, most notably by former co-captain Keith Hernandez, for twice openly campaigning for the Mets' managerial position while it was still occupied by incumbents Art Howe in 2004, and in Willie Randolph.
In 2008, he managed the Orange County Flyers of the Golden Baseball League, guiding his team to the GBL Championship and was named Manager of the Year.
For the following season Carter was named manager of the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.
The Ducks won the 2009 second half Liberty Division title, but were defeated by the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs in the Liberty Division playoffs.
His daughter Kimmy was the head softball coach at Palm Beach Atlantic University and was a softball catcher for Florida State from to .
The Gary Carter Foundation (of which Carter was the president) supports 8 Title I schools in Palm Beach County whose students live in poverty.
Since its inception, The Gary Carter Foundation has placed over $622,000 toward charitable purposes, including $366,000 to local elementary schools for their reading programs.
On January 20, 2012, daughter Kimmy posted on her blog that an MRI had revealed additional tumors on her father's brain.
Even as he battled an aggressive form of brain cancer, Carter did not miss Opening Day for the college baseball team he coached.
Nine days later, the Mets announced that they were adding a memorial patch to their uniforms in Carter's honor for the entire 2012 season.
On the Mets' 2012 opening day, the Carter family unveiled a banner with a similar design on the center field wall of Citi Field.
and hung retired numbers in its arena after the Expos' relocation to Washington, paid tribute to Carter by presenting a video montage and observing a moment of silence before a game against the New Jersey Devils on February 20, 2012.
wore a patch on his Canadiens jersey featuring a white circle with a blue number 8 inside it for the remainder of the season.
It wasn't the cool thing to do but on the same token, I think he actually served as a role model for a lot of these guys as they aged.
They did have a lot of fun, there's no question about that, but they were also one of the fiercest, most competitive teams I've ever seen and obviously their comebacks from the '86 postseason defines that team.
On March 28, 2014, during an exhibition game between the Toronto Blue Jays and the New York Mets at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, a banner was unveiled in honor of Carter in a special ceremony before the first pitch.
The Co-operative Bank plc is a retail and commercial bank in the United Kingdom, with its headquarters in Balloon Street, Manchester.
The Co-operative Bank is the only UK high street bank with a customer-led Ethical Policy which is now incorporated into the Bank’s Articles of Association.
The Bank doesn’t provide banking services to organisations that conflict with customers’ views on a comprehensive range of issues, for example: human rights, environmental stability, international development and animal welfare, or those involved in irresponsible gambling or payday lending as stated in its ethical policy.
The bank mostly raised equity to cover the shortfall from hedge funds, while The Co-operative Group became a minority shareholder holding a 20% stake in the bank.
Following restructuring and the formation of a new holding company on 1 September 2017, the Co-operative Group no longer owns a stake in the bank and the relationship agreement between the two organisations will end in 2020.
The sole shareholder of the Co-operative Bank Finance plc is the Co-operative Bank Holdings Ltd which is a private company limited by share capital.
The bank was formed in 1872 as the Loan and Deposit Department of the Co-operative Wholesale Society, becoming the CWS Bank four years later.
In 1975, the bank became the first new member of the Committee of London Clearing Banks for 40 years and thus able to issue its own cheques.
Following the UK Government's acquisition of 43.4% of Lloyds Banking Group in 2009, the Co-operative Bank entered into negotiations with Lloyds Banking Group to purchase over 600 of its branches.
In February 2012, press reports suggested that the Financial Services Authority (FSA) might intervene to block the purchase due to concerns about the Co-operative Bank's ability to integrate IT systems.
It was rumoured that the FSA was particularly concerned that the Co-operative bank was still behind schedule in the integration of its IT systems with those of the Britannia Building Society, despite the fact that the merger took place in 2009.
The purchase was publicly announced in July 2012 and it was revealed that the branches would be initially split from Lloyds under the resurrected TSB brand.
The Financial Times had previously reported that the Co-operative would require a £1 billion increase in capital to support enlarging the bank.
In May Moody's downgraded its credit rating by six notches to junk (Ba3) resulting in the chief executive Barry Tootell's resignation.
The scheme contrasted with the rescues of other British banks in 2008 and 2009 when central government introduced new capital into the failed institutions.
Details of the outcome for small retail investors in the Bank were uncertain at the time of the June announcement, but there was no suggestion that ordinary deposits in the Bank would be put at any additional risk by the rescue, as they would continue to be covered by the existing compensation scheme.
The bondholders had the opportunity to seek to reject the restructuring proposed, and an alternative option of the Bank of England taking over the ownership of the bank under the Banking Act 2009 special resolution regime was considered.
In September it was discovered that there was a £3.6bn funding gap between the value the Co-operative Bank placed on its loan portfolio and the actual value it would realise if forced to sell the assets.
In October it was reported that the Co-operative Group had been forced to renegotiate the bank's £1.5bn rescue with US hedge funds Aurelius Capital Management, Beach Point Capital Management, and Silver Point Capital that owned its debt.
As a result, the Group would lose majority control of its banking arm with the proportion of the bank's equity remaining under its ownership dropping to 30%, less than the 75% proposed in the original rescue plan.
The plan passed a creditor vote and on 18 December 2013 a judge on the UK high court allowed the plan to move forward.
An independent review commissioned by the bank, published in April 2014, concluded that the root of the bank's problems lay in its 2009 takeover of the Britannia Building Society and poor management controls.
The bank's accountants, KPMG, were fined £4 million for misconduct shortly after the takeover of Britannia, particularly the valuation of Britannia's commercial loans and other liabilities, by the Financial Reporting Council in 2019.
The bank's chief executive at the time, Niall Booker, a former banker at HSBC who nursed HSBC's sub-prime lending business back to health, was appointed in 2013.
At this point, the Bank was Britain's seventh biggest lender, and the majority of the bank's revenue was made from interest charges on loans.
Flotation on the London Stock Exchange was planned for 2014 but the plans were abandoned in March 2014 when a rights issue was announced to raise an additional £400 million.
In May 2014 the bank finalised the £400 million fundraising plan and obtained shareholder approval, which reduced the Co-operative Group's ownership of the bank to just over 20%.
However, this loss was partly offset by 9,700 who switched to the bank – double the number who joined six months earlier, resulting in a net loss of 28,199 customers (around 2% of the bank's total).
The rate of loss slowed significantly in 2015, resulting in a loss of 2,250 current account customers between January and August of that year.
Figures released by the bank in August 2014 for the first half of the year showed a pre-tax loss of £75.8 million was identified, compared to £844.6 million for the same period in 2013.
Co-op Bank also said its core Tier 1 capital ratio, a key measure of financial strength, stood at 11.5 percent at the end of June and was expected to be significantly above the previous guidance of 10 percent at the end of 2014.
In late 2014 the bank sold its repossessed properties business for £157.5 million, and its ATM operating business for £35 million.
The narrowing of losses was driven largely by a faster-than-expected reduction in unwanted assets, including significant parts of the portfolio of sub-prime mortgages the bank inherited from its merger with Britannia Building Society.
In August 2014 the bank said it had cut staff numbers by 21 percent (about 1,560 workers) in the previous year and that there were more job losses to come.
In August 2015 the bank said that it had closed 62 branches over the previous year, taking the total down to 165.
This was partly due to a 28% drop in in-branch transactions resulting from a change in demand from branch to internet banking.
The closure of a further 10 branches in the spring of 2017 reduced the branch total to 95, down from nearly 300 at the start of the process.
In December 2014 a Bank of England assessment measured the bank's core capital ratio (a measure of financial strength) at minus 2.6%.
On 1 April 2016 the bank announced a pre-tax loss for 2015 of £611m, more than double the loss of £264m for 2014.
They said that they were also considering options other than a sale to build capital, including raising cash from new and existing investors.
In April 2017 the Co-operative Group wrote off its 20% stake in the bank and in May 2017 the bank began seeking a debt-for-equity swap.
It was then announced that institutional bondholders had agreed to convert £426 million of bonds into equity, which would give them a 17 per cent stake in the bank.
Additionally, it was announced that existing investors had agreed to put £250 million of new equity into a newly established holding company, which would take a 68 per cent stake in the bank.
The investors also agreed to add £100 million over 10 years to the bank's pension fund and provide over £200 million of collateral to assist in separating the bank's pension from that of the Co-operative Group.
The group was due to own 1 per cent of the bank, with the bank retaining its name and ethical policy.
These arrangements were implemented in September 2017 and the final 1% stake held by the group was sold shortly afterwards for £5 million, ending the group's ownership of the bank entirely.
The bank reduced staff numbers by 800 in 2017 and made a pre-tax loss of £174.4 million (the loss for the previous year had been £477.1 million).
In February 2018 the bank announced that its remaining branch network would be reduced from 95 to 68 branches during April and May 2018.
Andrew Bester joined as the Bank’s CEO in July 2017, setting out to deliver a plan that enhances the Bank’s digital capabilities while developing the ethical brand further.
In September 2018 the bank expressed an interest in bidding for part of a £775 million fund designed to help banks develop their business banking services and encourage SME customers to transfer their accounts from RBS Group.
The fund was created by RBS as a consequence of its £45 billion Government bailout during the financial crisis of 2007–2008.
In May 2019, the Bank was awarded £15 million by Banking Competition Remedies (BCR) to grow its presence in the business banking market, following its successful application for funding from Pool B of the Capability and Innovation Fund.
In September 2019, the Bank made a re-entry into the loans market partnering with Freedom Finance to offer customers a wide choice of products.
Despite its name, the Co-operative Bank was not itself a true co-operative as it was not owned directly by its members.
Its customers could, however, choose to become Co-operative Group members and hence indirectly acquire an ownership interest in the bank, earning dividends on their account holdings and borrowing with the Bank.
These shareholders could attend the bank's general meetings, but only had speaking and voting rights if the dividend is in arrears, or on any resolution varying their rights or winding up the bank.
Unlike other co-operative banks, such as the Dutch company Rabobank, the Co-operative Bank did not have a federal structure of local banks, instead being a single national bank.
The Ethical Policy excludes the provision of any banking services to businesses which take part in certain business activities or sectors.
The Bank's partnership with youth homelessness charity, Centrepoint, continued during 2018 and raised over £1m, helping to fund a national helpline for Centrepoint, and a specialist helpline service based in Manchester.
Support for new and developing co-operatives continued with investment of £1.3m over four years in The Hive, a co-operative business start-up consultancy service with Co-operatives UK.
In 2018, the Bank partnered with charity Refuge and successfully lobbied for the launch of a new banking industry code of practice for customers affected by financial abuse.
A brand campaign launched in 2018 positioned the Bank as ‘For People with Purpose’, its aim to restate their position as an organisation that ‘pioneers banking that makes a positive difference to the lives of our customers and communities’.
In October 2008, it was reported that Co-operative Financial Services was in talks with Britannia Building Society with a view to sharing facilities and possibly a full merger.
Such a venture was facilitated by the passing of the Building Societies (Funding) and Mutual Societies (Transfers) Act 2007, although further secondary legislation was required before such a merger could take place.
In the short term, both Britannia Building Society and the Co-operative Bank continued operating their own products, branch networks and systems.
All Britannia branches were due to be rebranded under the Co-operative name by the end of 2013, but this was abandoned in the wake of the financial crisis, with a great many simply closing and only a smaller number being retained and converted.
In the same year the Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, Andrew Bailey, told the Treasury Select Committee that the Britannia Building Society would have collapsed if it had not been taken over by the Co-operative Bank.
The Co-operative Bank withdrew its CIFA network in October 2011, and this was replaced by the Co-operative Banking Financial Planning Service, which is provided by AXA Wealth.
In 2009, the Co-operative Bank received considerable public criticism from business customers for problems with the bank's business internet banking service.
It subsequently emerged that the service crashed when more than 130 users logged on simultaneously, and some business customers were left unable to access their accounts for days.
In 2011, some Co-operative Bank customers were left temporarily unable to use their debit cards as a result of IT problems.
The former Labour councillor served as the Bank's chairman from April 2010 until June 2013 and it was under his chairmanship that in March 2013 the bank reported losses of £600 million.
Sonic the Comic, known to its many readers as STC, was a British children's comic published fortnightly by Fleetway Editions (the merged companies Fleetway and London Editions, which progressively became integrated with its parent company Egmont until it became known as Egmont Magazines) between 1993 and 2002.
It was the UK's official Sega comic, featuring stories about its mascot Sonic the Hedgehog and related characters, as well as comic strips based on other Sega video games.
The comic generally contained four comic strip stories, each usually following different storylines and being written and drawn by different writers and artists.
The first was always a seven-page story about Sonic himself (except for #148 which began with the Tails strip), and in the earliest issues, the remaining three would involve a different Sega game character (see list below).
Later, the Sega backup strips were supplanted by stories focusing on supporting Sonic characters such as Tails, Knuckles, Amy and Chaotix.
Megadroid had a one-off strip, in which he ran away from the STC offices to a seaside town only to return from his harrowing experience to attend to the needs of the boomers.
Speedlines returned in 2000, though it was no longer a regular feature and instead of Megadroid, the letters were supposedly answered by Sonic himself (actually editor Andy Diggle and later Steve MacManus).
The bulk of the work in the comic was written by either Nigel Kitching or Lew Stringer, while art was provided by Richard Elson, Nigel Dobbyn, Carl Flint, Woodrow Phoenix, Roberto Corona, Mike McMahon, Kitching himself and many others.
The demise of STC began when budget cuts at the comic led to the number of pages being cut from 36 to 32 in 1997 and as a result, the loss of the news, game review and game tips sections.
Despite being one of Fleetway's biggest selling comics in 1998, from issue 133, published that July, one strip an issue was given over to reprints to save money as part of Fleetway's policy of five-year reader cycles (issue 133 was published shortly after the comic's fifth birthday).
Neither Mobius nor any of the main characters bar Sonic and Amy featured, and the lack of ancillary strips meant no other stories could be told.
This happened at short notice – even Kitching wasn't aware that issue 184 would be his last until he requested an extension for the ten-issue storyline he was in the middle of writing, having apparently already made plans for future stories that would follow it.
Groups mailing list on 19 April 2000, a little over two months before the last issue was published and only a few weeks after he himself had been made aware of the fact.
This origin story established that Sonic was originally a normal brown hedgehog on the planet Mobius, who burrowed his way into the underground laboratory of Dr. Ovi Kintobor, a scientist who wished to rid the planet of all evil through the use of powerful gems called the Chaos Emeralds.
In addition, he helped Sonic increase his running speed with the gift of red shoes designed to handle the incredible friction he generated, until the hedgehog eventually broke the sound barrier with a sonic boom which turned him blue.
As time went on, these strips dwindled and were phased out entirely in favour of other stories about Sonic and related characters.
The first of these was a Tails solo series which saw him return to his home in the Nameless Zone, where it was believed that he, not Sonic, was the great hero of Mobius.
In addition to Tails and Sonic, other members of the Freedom Fighters included Johnny Lightfoot and Porker Lewis, characters based upon the generic rabbit and pig sprites freed from Badniks in the video games.
The comic also introduced original characters such as the sky pirate Captain Plunder, rebellious super-Badnik Shortfuse the Cybernik and engineering genius Tekno the Canary, who occasionally featured in their own dedicated strips.
In STC, Super Sonic was a monstrous, inhibitionless alter-ego, the Mr. Hyde to Sonic's Doctor Jekyll, into which Sonic transformed in times of stress or exposure to the Chaos Emeralds.
The appearances of Super Sonic were few and far between in the first eighty or so issues of the comic, although he became a prominent threat during the build-up to issue 100.
Following a storyline in which the Chaos Emeralds' energy was transferred out of Sonic and into the Special Zone, Super Sonic continued to exist as a separate entity, forcing Sonic to pursue him.
After Super Sonic was defeated by being frozen in time within the time-travelling, dimension-jumping Omni-Viewer, Sonic was left isolated in the Special Zone; on Mobius, Shortfuse joined the Freedom Fighters, and Knuckles ended a long quest back to the Floating Island.
Super Sonic's subsequent escape from the Omni-Viewer triggered a planet-wide electromagnetic pulse that the Omni-Viewer shunted to Mobius, deactivating all of Robotnik's robots and computer systems.
Although it ultimately amounted to little more than use of the different elements from the game (Flickies Island, the birds used for Badniks and dimensional travel via Mobius Rings), with the added introduction of a new Metallix villain (with its design based on Knuckles this time), it was a key stepping stone in shaping the direction of Sonic stories right up until the conclusion of the series.
The story introduced the interdimensional alien race known as the Drakon Empire (spun out of a dangling plot point from nearly one hundred issues prior), who allied themselves with Doctor Robotnik in an attempt to acquire the Chaos Emeralds, revealing their previous ownership of the gems ages prior.
Alliances, betrayals and double-crosses culminated in Robotnik's successful capture of the Emeralds and a 4-issue epic in which he had god-like powers & reshaped Mobius entirely, but when his body was drained of Chaos Energy, he vanished into a sub-atomic dimension.
A series of dimension-hopping adventures by Amy and Tekno resulted in Mobius being briefly invaded by Earth military forces, after which Sonic pursued Grimer and Nack the Weasel in their quest to recover Robotnik.
Trapped on the sub-atomic world of Shanazar, Sonic found it hard to adapt to the local culture, and when Amy's adventures led her to join him on the planet, the two explored the world's numerous vastly different zones, combating myriad threats.
Shanazar's zones could now be accessed from portals on Mobius, and various doorways had also opened to various points in Earth's history.
Infuriated with yet another failure, however, Robotnik decided to bring his long war with Sonic to an end by destroying Mobius once and for all.
Entering into a partnership with the living plastic alien hive-mind, The Plax, Robotnik used their technology to absorb elemental energy from both Mobius and Earth, forcing both worlds into total ecological collapse.
His scheme was again foiled, however, by Shortfuse, who wired his armour into Robotnik's machine, undoing the damage and draining the energy from the villain, with the added bonus of the feedback finally liberating him from his armour.
Rampaging out of Grimer's control, Chaos then attacked the Floating Island, intending to absorb the Chaos Emeralds; however, Knuckles jettisoned the emeralds before he could absorb more than one, causing the island itself to plunge into the ocean.
Robotnik's suicide plan was thwarted, however, by the unexpected appearance of Super Sonic, dying due to depletion of his own chaos energy.
Absorbing Chaos's energy, reverting him back to his Drakon form, Super Sonic became his old evil self again and turned on the Freedom Fighters, until Ebony used her magics to fuse Sonic and Super Sonic back together again.
After Johnny Lightfoot's death at the hands of Chaos, Sonic blames himself and disappears for a short while, returning from his self-imposed exile with a less egocentric attitude and a stronger will.
Sonic was once a brown hedgehog, he then one day met the scientist Dr.Kintobor who invented a machine powered by the mysterious power of the Chaos Emeralds.
This depiction of Tails does not have the genius-level intelligence of his video game counterpart, but is capable of flying the Tornado on his own, and coming up with cunning schemes to triumph over his enemies.
Knuckles is the guardian of the Master Emerald, which gives the Chaos Emeralds their power as well as the secret to the Floating Island's levitation powers.
In this media depiction, Knuckles isn't too fond of Sonic's character, and is notably less gullible than his video game counterpart.
Amy first appeared in a two-part story where she was arrested by Dr. Robotnik's Trooper Badniks for the criminal offense of association with Sonic; she had been saying she was his girlfriend.
Amy's character swiftly matured as the comic went on and became one of the most valuable members of the Freedom Fighters, especially due to her expert marksmanship with her crossbow (as opposed to wielding the Piko Piko Hammer), which she created herself.
The notion of a love interest in Sonic was, for the most part, underplayed and one of the comic's writers, Nigel Kitching, revealed he saw it partly as Amy just trying to annoy Sonic.
Several times, Sonic would be left exasperated by either civilians assuming the two were dating, which Amy would play along with or her playing up the crush.
She appeared often in strips, with a few solo stories by Lew Stringer where she saved the day without the others noticing.
At a later part of the comic's life, Amy would be mostly written by Lew Stringer as a straightforward adventurer and had a long series of back-up strips teamed up with her best friend Tekno.
However, Deborah Tate wanted the character to be of a role model for girls, as she was the only female regular character at the time, and dictated that she be more sensible and mature.
Along with Knuckles, this ensemble has been developed through many adventures as some of Sonic's best friends, always willing to help out.
The strip contained a very absurdist and manic sense of black humour, dealing with the daily life of Chuck, Head (the talking skull who, to Head's annoyance, gets thrown at enemies), the evil-minded Igor (who is constantly trying to kill Chuck) and the stereotypical mad scientist Professor Frank N. Stein, who is actually putting on his German accent and really comes from Cardiff.
The game's adversary Max D. Cap only appeared twice, along with his accountant sidekick Rupert, who is constantly encouraging Max to be more stereotypically evil in his mannerisms.
The strip was set in a city ruled by Mr X and his organised crime group The Syndicate, who were opposed by the video games' player characters Axel, Blaze, Max and later Skate.
• Unlike a number of other comics (such as those made by Marvel) any artwork was drawn only after STC was written as a full script.
The Lockheed HC-130 is an extended-range, search and rescue (SAR)/combat search and rescue (CSAR) version of the C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft, with two different versions operated by two separate services in the U.S. armed forces.
The HC-130H Hercules and HC-130J Hercules versions are operated by the United States Coast Guard in a SAR and maritime reconnaissance role.
The HC-130P Combat King and HC-130J Combat King II variants are operated by the United States Air Force for long-range SAR and CSAR.
The USAF variants also execute on scene CSAR command and control, airdrop pararescue forces and equipment, and are also capable of providing aerial refueling to appropriately equipped USAF, US Army, USN, USMC, and NATO/Allied helicopters in flight.
In July 2015, it was announced that the U.S. Forest Service will be receiving some of the U.S. Coast Guard's HC-130H aircraft to use as aerial fire retardant drop tankers as the Coast Guard replaces the HC-130H with additional HC-130J and HC-27J Spartan aircraft, the latter being received from the Air National Guard as part of a USAF-directed divestment of the C-27.
In keeping with the USN/USMC/USCG designation system of the time, the designation for the first order in 1958 was R8V-1G, but with the introduction of the Tri-Service aircraft designation system for commonality with the US Army and USAF in 1962, this was eventually changed to HC-130B.
Six USCG HC-130E aircraft were produced in 1964, but production soon switched to the new C-130H platform which was entering service.
Based on the USAF C-130E airframe, it was modified to conduct search and rescue missions, provide a command and control platform, conduct in-flight refueling of helicopters, and carry supplemental fuel in additional internal cargo bay fuel tanks for extending range or air refueling.
They were also originally modified to employ the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system, although this system has since been discontinued and the specialized equipment removed.
The HC-130N was a follow-up order without the Fulton recovery system and all USAF extant HC-130Ps have since had their Fulton recovery systems removed.
The USAF HC-130P/N, also known as the Combat King aircraft, can fly in the day against a reduced threat; however, crews normally fly night, low-level, air refueling and airdrop operations using night vision goggles (NVG).
To enhance the probability of mission success and survivability near populated areas, USAF HC-130 crews employ tactics that include incorporating no external lighting or communications and avoiding radar and weapons detection.
Secondary mission capabilities include performing tactical airdrops of pararescue specialist teams, small bundles, zodiac watercraft, or four-wheel drive all-terrain vehicles; and providing direct assistance to a survivor in advance of the arrival of a recovery vehicle.
A team of three Pararescuemen (PJ's), trained in emergency trauma medicine, harsh environment survival and assisted evasion techniques, is part of the basic mission crew complement.
Up until 2016, HC-130P/N aircraft of the Combat Air Forces (CAF) were a combination of mid to late-1960s vintage aircraft based on C-130E airframes and mid-1990s vintage aircraft based on C-130H3 airframes.
These modifications included night vision-compatible interior and exterior lighting, a personnel locator system compatible with aircrew survival radios, improved digital low-power color radar and forward-looking infrared systems.
As of 2018, with the exception of a handful of extant aircraft in the Air National Guard, all remaining HC-130P/N aircraft are operated by the Air Force Reserve Command.
U.S. Coast Guard HC-130Hs were primarily acquired for long-range overwater search missions, support airlift, maritime patrol, North Atlantic Ice Patrol and command and control of search and rescue, replacing previously operated HU-16 Albatross amphibious and HC-123 Provider land-based aircraft.
Like their USAF counterparts, USCG HC-130s also have the capability of air dropping rescue equipment to survivors at sea or over open terrain.
The MC-130P Combat Shadow series of aircraft initially entered service in December 1965 during the Vietnam War as the HC-130H CROWN airborne controller.
In mid-1966 flight testing began of rescue helicopters equipped with aerial refueling receivers, and 11 of the controller aircraft were modified as tankers and redesignated the HC-130P SAR Command and Control/vertical lift (helicopter) aerial refueling aircraft, entering service in Southeast Asia in November 1966.
Originally assigned to the Tactical Air Command (TAC) and then the Military Airlift Command (MAC), Combat Shadows have been part of the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) since that command's establishment in 1993.
In February 1996, AFSOC's 28-aircraft HC-130P tanker fleet was redesignated the MC-130P Combat Shadow, aligning the variant with AFSOC's other M-series special operations mission aircraft.
At the same time as this redesignation, USAF continued to field HC-130P/N aircraft as dedicated CSAR platforms under the Air Combat Command (ACC) and in ACC or PACAF-gained CSAR units in the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard.
They initially operated in a logistic support role until they received significant modifications, including installations of a large window on each side of the fuselage to allow crew members to visually scan the sea surface, the addition of an inverse synthetic aperture sea search radar, flare tubes, a forward-looking infrared/electro-optical sensor, a gaseous oxygen system for the crew and an enhanced communications suite.
The USAF HC-130J Combat King II combat rescue variant has modifications for in-flight refueling of helicopters and tilt-rotor aircraft, including refueling pods on underwing pylons and additional internal fuel tanks in the cargo bay.
The HC-130J Combat King II is also capable of itself being refueled in flight by boom-equipped tankers such as the KC-135, KC-10 and KC-46.
The first HC-130J was delivered to the USAF in September 2010, but underwent further testing before achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in 2012.
The final test point was air-to-air refueling, and was the first ever boom refueling of a C-130 where the aircraft's refueling receiver was installed during aircraft production.
Given the advancing age of its current HC-130P/N airframes, all of which are based on either the venerable (and since retired) mid/late-1960s vintage C-130E airframe or the more recent mid-1990s vintage C-130H2/H3 airframe, the Air Force plans to eventually buy up to 78 HC-130J Combat King IIs to equip rescue squadrons in the active Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard.
These aircraft are used for search and rescue, enforcement of laws and treaties, illegal drug interdiction, marine environmental protection, military readiness, International Ice Patrol missions, as well as cargo and personnel transport.
The HC-130P (to include HC-130P/N) is primarily based on the C-130E airlift aircraft, with a smaller number based on the C-130H.
HC-130s were assigned to the Air Combat Command (ACC) from 1992 to 2003, to include those Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard rescue units operationally-gained by ACC.
In October 2003, operational responsibility for the Continental United States (CONUS) and Alaskan air search and rescue (SAR) mission, as well as the worldwide combat search and rescue (CSAR) mission was transferred to the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) at Hurlburt Field, Florida.
In October 2006, all USAF CSAR forces were reassigned back to Air Combat Command with the exception of those Alaska Air National Guard CSAR assets which were transferred to the operational claimancy of Pacific Air Forces (PACAF).
While under AFSOC and since returning to ACC and PACAF, USAF, AFRC and ANG HC-130s have been deployed to Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Djibouti, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Greece in support of Operations Southern and Northern Watch, Operation Allied Force, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Unified Protector.
HC-130s also support continuous alert commitments in Alaska, and provided rescue coverage for NASA Space Shuttle operations in Florida until that program's termination in 2011.
The USAF's first HC-130Js gained initial operating capability (IOC) in April 2013, permitting retirement of the first group of HC-130P aircraft based on C-130E airframes that were built in the mid and late 1960s.
As of 2019, unofficial estimates place the number of HC-130Ps remaining at 6 airframes, all assigned to Air Force Reserve Command.
On 20 February 1972, Lieutenant Colonel Edgar Allison, USAF, and his flight crew set a recognized turboprop aircraft class record of for a great circle distance without landing.
The USAF Lockheed HC-130H was flown from Ching Chuan Kang Air Base, Republic of China (Taiwan), to Scott AFB, Illinois in the United States.
The Registration of Political Parties Act 1998 (c. 48), is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which made legal provision to set up a register of political parties in the United Kingdom.
It was planned to introduce some elements of list-based proportional representation in elections to the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly and also to introduce full list-based proportional representation in European Parliament elections in England, Scotland and Wales and for that, political parties needed to have a stronger legal recognition.
In the 1994 European Elections, Richard Huggett stood as a Literal Democrat candidate for the Devon and East Plymouth seat, taking more votes than the Conservative Party margin over the Liberal Democrats, leading to a legal challenge by the Liberal Democrat candidate.
As the act also permitted logos on ballot papers, the act also introduced a similar register for emblems, which had the result that the Communist Party of Britain is the only party in the United Kingdom permitted to use the hammer and sickle as its ballot-paper logo, although they usually use the hammer and dove variant.
A gene family is a set of several similar genes, formed by duplication of a single original gene, and generally with similar biochemical functions.
One such family are the genes for human hemoglobin subunits; the ten genes are in two clusters on different chromosomes, called the α-globin and β-globin loci.
These two gene clusters are thought to have arisen as a result of a precursor gene being duplicated approximately 500 million years ago.
Knowing the sequence of the protein encoded by a gene can allow researchers to apply methods that find similarities among protein sequences that provide more information than similarities or differences among DNA sequences.
Gene paralogs are genes with similar sequences from within the same species while gene orthologs are genes with similar sequences in different species.
Depending on the diversity and functions of the genes within the family, families can be classified as a multigene families or superfamilies.
Multigene families typically consist of members with similar sequences and functions, though a high degree of divergence (at the sequence and/or functional level) does not lead to the removal of a gene from a gene family.
Individual genes in the family may be arranged close together on the same chromosome or dispersed throughout the genome on different chromosomes.
Due to the similarity of their sequences and their overlapping functions, individual genes in the family often share regulatory control elements.
Other families allow for similar but specific products to be expressed in different cell types or at different stages of an organisms development.
Duplications can occur within a lineage (e.g., humans might have two copies of a gene that is found only once in chimpanzees) or they are the result of speciation.
For example, a single gene in the ancestor of humans and chimpanzees now occurs in both species and can be thought of as having been 'duplicated' via speciation.
As a result of duplication by speciation, a gene family might include 15 genes, one copy in each of 15 different species.
In the formation of gene families, four levels of duplication exist: 1) exon duplication and shuffling, 2) entire gene duplication, 3) multigene family duplication, and 4) whole genome duplication.
Autopolyploidization is the duplication of the same genome and allopolyploidization is the duplication of two closely related genomes or hybridized genomes from different species.
(1,2) When two chromosomes misalign, crossing over - the exchange of gene alleles - results in one chromosome expanding or increasing in gene number and the other contracting or decreasing in gene number.
Gene members of a multigene family or multigene families within superfamilies exist on different chromosomes due to relocation of those genes after duplication of the ancestral gene.
Any genes between the two transposable elements are relocated as the composite transposon jumps to a new area of the genome.
This new DNA copy of the mRNA is integrated into another part of the genome, resulting in gene family members being dispersed.
This protein aids in copying the RNA transcripts of LINEs and SINEs back into DNA, and integrates them into different areas of the genome.
Due to the highly repetitive nature of these elements, LINEs and SINEs when close together also trigger unequal crossing over events which result in single-gene duplications and the formation of gene families.
With one functioning copy of the gene, other copies are able to acquire mutations without being extremely detrimental to the organisms.
Mutant alleles spreading in a gene family towards homogeneity is the same process of an advantageous allele spreading in a population towards fixation.
Gene families, part of a hierarchy of information storage in a genome, play a large role in the evolution and diversity of multicellular organisms.
Over evolutionary time, gene families have expanded and contracted with new gene families being formed and some gene families being lost.
A gene duplicate accumulates enough mutations to be sufficiently divergent to no longer be recognized as part of the original gene family, horizontal transfer of new genes into a genome, or a new gene originate de novo from non-coding sequences.
More famous for his death than for his life, he was executed on charges of aiding Britain and plotting against France.
He was born at the Château de Chantilly, the country residence of the Princes of Condé - a title he was born to inherit.
His uncle was the future Philippe Égalité and he was thus a first cousin of the future Louis-Philippe I, King of the French.
He was an only child, his parents separating in 1778 after his father's romantic involvement with one Marguerite Catherine Michelot, an opera singer, was discovered; it was his mother who was blamed for her husband's infidelity.
At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he emigrated with his father and grandfather a few days after the Storming of the Bastille, and in exile he would seek to raise forces for the invasion of France and restoration of the monarchy to its pre-revolutionary status.
In 1792, at the outbreak of French Revolutionary Wars, he held a command in the corps of émigrés organized and commanded by his grandfather, the Prince of Condé.
After this, the young duke continued to serve under his father and grandfather in the Condé army, and, on several occasions, distinguished himself by his bravery and ardour in the vanguard.
On the dissolution of that force after the peace of Lunéville (February 1801), he privately married Charlotte de Rohan, niece of the Cardinal de Rohan, and took up his residence at Ettenheim in Baden, near the Rhine.
Early in 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul of France, heard news which seemed to connect the young duke with the Cadoudal Affair, a conspiracy which was being tracked by the French police at the time.
French dragoons crossed the Rhine secretly, surrounded his house and brought him to Strasbourg (15 March 1804), and thence to the Château de Vincennes, near Paris, where a military commission of French colonels presided over by General Hulin was hastily convened to try him.
The duke was charged chiefly with bearing arms against France in the late war, and with intending to take part in the new coalition then proposed against France.
The military commission, presided over by Hulin, drew up the act of condemnation, being incited thereto by orders from Anne Jean Marie René Savary, who had come charged with instructions to kill the duke.
Savary prevented any chance of an interview between the condemned and the First Consul, and, on 21 March, the duke was shot in the moat of the castle, near a grave which had already been prepared.
The duc d'Enghien was the last descendant of the House of Condé; his grandfather and father survived him, but died without producing further heirs.
It is now known that Joséphine and Madame de Rémusat had begged Bonaparte for mercy towards the duke; but nothing would bend his will.
Whether Talleyrand, Fouché or Savary bore responsibility for the seizure of the duke is debatable, as at times Napoleon was known to claim Talleyrand conceived the idea, while at other times he took full responsibility himself.
It was an anecdote, then current, to the effect that the duc d'Enghien had gone secretly to Paris to visit Mademoiselle George; that at her house he came upon Bonaparte, who also enjoyed the famous actress' favors, and that in his presence Napoleon happened to fall into one of the fainting fits to which he was subject, and was thus at the Duc's mercy.
The story was very pretty and interesting, especially at the point where the rivals suddenly recognized one another; and the ladies looked agitated.
[T]he dominant sentiment in Bonaparte's mind at that moment was neither fear nor vengeance, but rather the desire for all of France to realise that Bourbon blood, so sacred to Royalist partisans, was no more sacred to him than the blood of any other citizen in the Republic.
Marquess of Cambridge was a title that was created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
The first creation was for Prince George Augustus in 1706, when he was created Duke of Cambridge, Marquess of Cambridge, Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton and Baron of Tewkesbury.
He earned a Bronze Star and four Battle Stars as a Captain in the 26th Special Service Company during World War II.
He lived on West 11th Street in Greenwich Village and is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City.
In addition to his songwriting, he founded St. Nicholas Music in 1949, and served as director of ASCAP from 1957 to 1961.
He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Houston Astros, Baltimore Orioles, Detroit Tigers, and San Francisco Giants, with whom he won two World Series.
In 2005, he was placed on the disabled list for the first time in his career, but he batted .261 with 22 home runs and 92 RBI.
In 2008, he won the Silver Slugger Award for the designated hitter position after batting .304 with 32 home runs and a career-high 108 RBI.
He batted .290 with 26 home runs in 2010, reached the playoffs for the first time, and won his first World Series.
In 2012, he was used mostly as a pinch hitter and appeared in a career-low 52 games but won his second World Series with the Giants.
When he was six years old, his father, Aubrey II, was killed as an innocent bystander in a domestic dispute while working as an electrician.
Huff initially attended Mineral Wells High School but then transferred to Brewer High School when his family moved to Fort Worth.
Huff attended Vernon College for two years and was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of its baseball team in 1996.
As a junior, he tied team single-game records for runs in a game (five against Harvard University on March 28) and most doubles in a game (four on May 16 against Georgia Tech).
Huff finished his college career with a .400 batting average (second in school history) and a .719 slugging percentage (third in school history).
He spent 1998 with the Charleston RiverDogs of the single-A South Atlantic League, where he batted .321 with 85 hits, 19 doubles, 13 home runs, and 54 RBI in 69 games.
In 1999, Huff played for the Orlando Rays of the double-A Southern League and was named a Southern League postseason All-Star.
In 108 games, he batted .316 (fifth) with 129 hits, 36 doubles (fourth, behind Clark's 41, Ryan Jackson's 38, and José Fernández's 37), 20 home runs, and 76 RBI.
Huff was called up by the Devil Rays at the beginning of August to be the starting third baseman after Vinny Castilla suffered an injury.
On August 10, he had a season-high three RBI by hitting his first career home run, a game-winning three-run hit against Jason Ryan in a 10–4 victory over the Minnesota Twins.
Huff began the 2001 season with Durham but was called up on April 13 when Ariel Prieto was sent to the minors.
After batting .243 with 6 home runs and 33 RBI in his first 92 games, he was optioned to Durham on August 23 when Cox came off the disabled list (DL).
On September 19, he had three hits and five RBI, including a game-winning single against David Cone, in a 12–2 victory over the Boston Red Sox.
Huff missed the first month of 2002 with a broken cheekbone and began the season in the minor leagues before getting called up on May 28 to replace the struggling Jason Tyner on the roster.
On June 9, he hit a three-run home run against Bobby Jones in a 9–6 loss to the San Diego Padres.
He hit a game-winning two-run home run against Félix Heredia on June 26 in a 4–2 victory over the Toronto Blue Jays.
On July 19, he had four hits, including a home run against Esteban Loaiza, and three RBI in an 11–8 loss to the Blue Jays.
On August 5, his three-run home run against Jon Garland accounted for all of the Devil Rays' scoring in a 4–3 loss to the Chicago White Sox.
On August 18, he had three hits and three RBI, including a home run against Jeff Suppan, as the Devil Rays defeated the Kansas City Royals 8–6.
He had a 17-game hitting streak from August 23 to September 10, the second-longest streak in franchise history at the time (behind Quinton McCracken's 18-game streak in 1998) and as of 2012 the third-longest (behind Jason Bartlett's 19-game streak in 2009).
In 113 games, Huff finished tenth in the American League (AL) with a .313 batting average and had 142 hits, 25 doubles, 23 home runs, and 59 RBI.
He led the Devil Rays in home runs, marking the first time a player led his team in home runs after starting the season in the minors since 1996, when Tony Clark led the Detroit Tigers.
After playing mostly first and third base in April, he took over from George Lombard as the Devil Rays' right fielder for the remainder of the season on April 29.
On May 3, he had the first multihomer game of his career by hitting two two-run home runs against Adam Bernero in an 8–6 victory over the Tigers.
In the first game of a doubleheader on June 17, Huff had four RBI in an 11–2 victory over the Yankees.
On July 2, he had all four Devil Rays' RBI and hit a three-run home run against Pedro Martínez in a 5–4 loss to the Red Sox.
On September 3, he hit a three-run home run against Freddy García and had four RBI in a 7–0 victory over the Seattle Mariners.
On September 23, he had four hits and hit a home run against Josh Towers in an 8–5 loss to the Blue Jays.
In 162 games (tied for second in the AL with Miguel Tejada behind Hideki Matsui's 163), he batted .311 (ninth) with 47 doubles (third behind Garret Anderson's and Vernon Wells's 49), 34 home runs (ninth), and 107 RBI (tied for eighth with Jason Giambi).
Huff's single-season totals in hits, doubles, home runs, and RBI have been matched by eleven players in major league history as of 2012.
On May 12, he had five RBI, including a three-run home run against Chan Ho Park, in a 9–8 victory over the Texas Rangers.
On May 28, he had four hits, three runs scored, and two RBI including a home run against Javier Vázquez in a 7–5 victory over the Yankees.
Two days later, he hit two home runs against Jon Lieber and had three hits and RBI in a 7–6 victory over the Yankees.
On June 15, he hit a game-winning three-run home run against Brian Lawrence in a 5–2 victory over the San Diego Padres.
On July 2, he had three RBI and hit a game-winning two-run home run against Carl Pavano in a 4–2 victory over the Florida Marlins.
He saw a streak of 398 consecutive games played snapped on August 22 when he was forced to miss a game with a minor back injury.
Four days later, he had three hits, two home runs, and four RBI in a 12-inning, 10–6 loss to the Orioles.
On April 18, Huff had four RBI and hit the 100th home run of his career, a three-run shot against Jaret Wright in a 19–8 loss to the Yankees.
He had three hits and four RBI, including a game-winning three-run home run against Aaron Sele, on June 3 in a 6–1 victory over the Mariners.
After hitting 5 home runs in the first three months, Huff hit 17 home runs through the rest of the season.
On July 22, he hit the first grand slam of his career, a game-winning home run against Bruce Chen in a 7–5 victory over the Orioles.
Three days later, he had two hits and four RBI, including a three-run home run against D. J. Carrasco in a 6–3 victory over the Royals.
He was named the AL Player of the Week from July 25 to 31 after he batted .409 with two home runs and 10 RBI.
On August 28, Huff drove in all the runs for the Devil Rays with a two-run home run against Jarrod Washburn in a 2–1 victory over the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
On September 30, he had two hits and hit a three-run home run against John Maine in a 7–6 loss to the Orioles.
He was placed on the disabled list for the first time in his career on April 12 with a sprained left knee suffered in a collision with Nick Green the day before.
On May 19, he hit his first career walk-off home run against Yusmeiro Petit in a 10-inning, 5–4 win over the Marlins.
He had three hits and three RBI on June 22, including a game-winning two-run home run against Édgar González in a 4–1 victory over the Arizona Diamondbacks.
Huff was used at third base for the Astros until August 1, when he was moved to right field following regular third baseman Morgan Ensberg's return from the DL.
In his debut with the Astros on July 13, the first game after the All-Star break, Huff had two hits, including a three-run home run against Randy Messenger in a 5–1 victory over the Marlins.
On August 9, he had three hits, two home runs, and six RBI in a 14–1 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates.
He combined to bat .267 with 121 hits, 25 doubles, 21 home runs, and 66 RBI in 131 games in 2006.
He began the year getting most of the starts at first base, but in mid-May he became the Orioles regular DH as Kevin Millar was moved to first base.
On May 9, he hit a walk-off home run against Brian Stokes to account for the game's only scoring in a 10-inning, 1–0 win over Tampa Bay.
In a 9–7 loss to the Angels on June 29, he hit for the cycle and got his 1000th hit and 200th double (both against Kelvim Escobar).
He is one of four Orioles to hit for the cycle (along with Brooks Robinson, Cal Ripken, Jr., and Félix Pie) and the first player to do so at Oriole Park at Camden Yards.
On August 3, his three-run home run against James Shields accounted for all the Orioles' runs in a 3–1 victory over Tampa Bay.
On August 14, Huff had two hits and five RBI, including a grand slam against Jeff Karstens in a 12–0 victory over the Yankees.
Before the 2008 season, Huff switched his uniform number from 19 to 17 in honor of his former teammate Joe Kennedy, who died during the offseason.
He was the Orioles' designated hitter for most of the season, although he was moved to third base at the end of August following an injury to Melvin Mora.
On April 2, he hit a two-run home run against Matt Garza and a game-winning two-run double against Al Reyes in a 9–6 victory over Tampa Bay.
On July 3, he had three hits, three RBI, and two home runs against Kyle Davies in a 10–7 loss to the Royals.
He was named AL Player of the Week from June 30 to July 6 after hitting .345 with three home runs and nine RBIs.
On August 27, he had three hits and three RBI, including a two-run home run against Lance Broadway in an 11–3 victory over the White Sox.
Two days later, he had two hits, including a three-run home run against Andy Sonnanstine in a 10–9 loss to Tampa Bay.
He was named the Player of the Week again from August 25–31 after batting .478 with two home runs and seven RBI.
In 154 games, Huff batted .304 with 182 hits (tied with Nick Markakis for 10th in the league), 48 doubles (tied with Markakis for third in the league behind Dustin Pedroia's 54 and Brian Roberts's 51), 33 home runs (tied for eighth with Jason Giambi and Josh Hamilton), and 108 RBI (sixth).
He won the Silver Slugger Award for DH and the Edgar Martínez Award, becoming the first Oriole to win the award since Tommy Davis in 1974.
On June 17, he had three RBI, including a game-winning two-run home run against Pedro Feliciano in a 6–4 victory over the New York Mets.
On August 17, 2009, Huff cleared waivers and was traded to the Detroit Tigers in exchange for pitching prospect Brett Jacobson.
He began his time with the Tigers as the team's DH, but in September he only played against right-handed pitchers as Marcus Thames began playing against left-handed pitchers.
He hit his first career pinch-hit home run against Jason Frasor on September 14, a game-tying three-run hit in a 10-inning, 6–5 victory over Toronto.
His season totals were a .241 batting average, 129 hits, 30 doubles, 15 home runs, and 85 RBI in 150 games.
He spent most of the season playing first base for the Giants, although he played left field and right field when Buster Posey played first base from May 29 – June 30 and Travis Ishikawa made most of the starts at first base from July 3 – August 14.
On April 14, Huff hit his first career inside-the-park home run (his first home run with the Giants), a game-winning hit against Charlie Morton in a 6–0 victory over the Pirates.
He hit two two-run home runs on June 13, including a game-winning home run against Vin Mazzaro in a 6–2 victory over Oakland.
On July 8, he had four RBI and a two-run home run against Manny Parra in a 9–3 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers.
He hit a game-winning two-run home run against Blake Hawksworth on August 20 in a 6–3 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals.
In 157 games, Huff batted .290 with 165 hits, 35 doubles, 26 home runs, and 86 RBI while scoring 100 runs (tied for seventh in the league with Brandon Phillips, Martín Prado, and Dan Uggla) for the first time in his career.
Huff, in the 11th year of his career, reached the playoffs for the first time as the Giants won the NL West.
In Game 4 of the NL Division Series (NLDS) against the Atlanta Braves, he had a ninth-inning, two-out, game-tying RBI single against Mike Dunn in a 3–2 Giants' victory.
He batted .267 with four hits and one RBI in the series as the Giants defeated the Braves in four games.
In Game 4 of the NL Championship Series (NLCS) against the Philadelphia Phillies, on October 20, he had three hits, two runs scored, and an RBI in a 6–5 Giants' victory.
He batted .250 with six hits and three RBI in the series as the Giants defeated the Phillies in six games.
In Game 1 of the World Series against the Texas Rangers, on October 27, he had three hits and an RBI in an 11–7 Giants' victory.
In Game 4 of the series on October 31, he hit a game-winning two-run home run against Tommy Hunter in a 4–0 Giants' victory.
He batted .294 with five hits, a home run, and four RBI in the series, winning his first World Series as the Giants defeated the Rangers in five games to win their first World Series in 56 years.
Huff filed for free agency after the 2010 season, but on November 23, 2010, he re-signed a $22 million contract with the Giants for two years with a club option for 2013.
Coming off the team's 2010 World Series success and his new contract, Huff arrived at 2011 spring training out of shape.
He began 2011 in right field due to an injury to Cody Ross, but he returned to first base when Ross was activated from the disabled list on April 20.
He drew a pinch-hit, game-winning, bases loaded walk on April 30 against John Lannan in a 2–1 victory over the Washington Nationals.
Three days later, he hit a game-winning home run against Taylor Buchholz in a 10-inning, 7–6 victory over the New York Mets.
On June 2, his wife's birthday, Huff hit three home runs and drove in a career-high six runs in the Giants' 12–7 win over the St. Louis Cardinals.
Compared to 2010, his batting average dropped 44 points, his homers fell from 26 to 12, and his walks went from 83 to 47 as he grew impatient.
He had two hits and three RBI on April 13, including a two-run home run against Joel Hanrahan in a 5–0 victory over Pittsburgh.
On April 21, because the Giants did not have any infielders available, Huff was positioned at second base for the first time in his career in the ninth inning of a tied game against the Mets.
He failed to cover second base in a potential double play situation, and the Mets went on to win the first game of the doubleheader 5–4.
He returned from the DL on May 7 but was used mainly as a pinch hitter for the rest of the season.
On June 15, he was placed on the DL with a sprained right knee that he suffered jumping over a dugout railing to celebrate Matt Cain's perfect game.
He returned from the DL on July 28 but was placed on it four days later with right knee tendinitis, which kept him out until August 31.
In 10 games, he had one hit in nine at-bats but won his second career World Series as the Giants swept the Tigers in four games.
Huff ranks among the top ten in several career and single-season records in the history of the Tampa Bay Rays (Devil Rays from 1998–2007) as of 2012.
Through 2012, he ranks third behind Carl Crawford and B. J. Upton in games played (799), at bats (3,028), plate appearances (3,322), hits (870), and doubles (172).
His .287 batting average ranks fourth (behind Crawford's .296, Fred McGriff's .291, and Jason Bartlett's .288), his 128 home runs rank third (behind Carlos Peña's 163, and Evan Longoria's 261), his 449 RBI rank third (behind Crawford's 592 and Peña's 458), and his 400 runs scored rank fifth.
His batting averages in 2002 and 2003 rank sixth and seventh, respectively; his home run totals in 2003 and 2004 are tied for third (with Jose Canseco's 1999 total behind two of Peña's totals) and ninth, respectively; and his RBI totals in 2003 and 2004 are fourth and tied for sixth (with Evan Longoria's 2010 total and McGriff's 1999 total), respectively.
Through the 2012 season, Huff had hit 242 career home runs, tying him for 217th all-time with Dusty Baker, Sal Bando, Wally Berger, Roy Campanella, and J. D. Drew.
In addition to being used as a designated hitter, he has played at five different positions in his career: first base, third base, left field, right field, and second base.
On January 4, 2014, Huff officially announced his retirement from baseball and took a position as a baseball color commentator for the Pac-12 Network.
On his left shoulder, he also has a tattoo of a guitar with his father's name under it in memory of his father.
Huff has stated support for the policies of President Donald Trump, as well as support for pro-gun policies and traditional gender roles.
The tweet was accompanied by a photo of a smiling Huff wearing a pro-Trump T shirt at a shooting range, holding a used target with many bullet holes in it, and accompanied by two children (presumably his sons) whose faces were out of the frame of the picture.
2 c. 2' nomenclature is reference to the statute book of the numbered year of the reign of the named monarch in the stated chapter.
Jervis Bay (, ) is a oceanic bay and village on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, said to possess the whitest sand in the world.
A area of land around the southern headland of the bay is a territory of the Commonwealth of Australia known as the Jervis Bay Territory.
In the Jervis Bay Territory on the southern side of the bay are the settlements of Greenpatch, Hyams Beach, and Bowen Island.
From north to south on the New South Wales shore of the bay are Callala Beach, Callala Bay, Huskisson and Vincentia.
The bay took on its present appearance around 4000 BC after the sea levels had risen , and as sand dune barriers created the southern peninsula.
Much of the rock in Jervis Bay is part of the Sydney Basin sandstone formation, which is 280-225 million years old, although lower areas are overlain with Tertiary-era sediments.
Several features at Jervis Bay have been used as evidence that the Australian coast experienced many giant tsunamis prior to European colonisation.
Rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the seasons, with a bias to the first half of the year, due to prevailing easterlies.
Significant areas of the Jervis Bay natural environment are Booderee National Park, Jervis Bay National Park and the Jervis Bay Marine Park.
Some of the land on both sides of the bay have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because the coastal heathland supports the largest sub-population of the endangered eastern bristlebird, isolated from other sub-populations.
Jervis Bay was sighted by Lieutenant James Cook aboard on 25 April 1770 (two days after Saint George's Day) and he named the southern headland Cape St George.
In November 1791 Master Matthew Weatherhead entered the bay aboard , which had also been part of the Third Fleet, in order to undertake repairs to the ship.
In mid 1797, survivors of the wreck of passed through the area on foot, while undertaking an arduous trek of 600 kilometres in an attempt to get to Port Jackson (Sydney) – only three of them completed the journey.
A separate population of Aborigines, who settlers called 'the Jervis Bay tribe' - the Wandandian people - remained on their traditional lands on the bank of Currambene Creek (near Huskisson) and around St Georges Basin, until well into the C20th.
Jervis Bay is named after Sir John Jervis, Admiral of the Fleet, Earl of St. Vincent, and first Viscount St. Vincent.
In 1841, the township of South Huskisson on Jervis Bay was founded as a seaport and terminus of The Wool Road.
The land now comprising the Jervis Bay Territory was surrendered by the state of New South Wales to the Commonwealth Government in 1915 to provide a seaport for the new Federal capital under construction at Canberra, which would be Australia's only inland capital.
Jervis Bay is well known for recreational fishing, kayaking, paddleboarding, sailing and scuba diving, with tour operators departing from Huskisson and amateurs using boat ramps at bayside towns and camp sites.
Popular diving sites include The Labyrinths, Gorgonian Wall, Point Perpendicular, a submerged Fairey Firefly aeroplane, scallop beds, Middle Ground, Ten Fathom Reef, and Bowen Island.
Jervis Bay is also known for whale watching, because whale migration, both north and south, can be observed as the animals pass the entrance to the bay, frequently entering the sheltered waters to rest.
Southern right whales are also showing a slow but steady increase in recent years as they re-colonize former habitats, having been extensively hunted in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Tourism in Jervis Bay is one of the most important avenues of income for many of the local residents, with many businesses orienting themselves towards it.
The 35-hour working week is a part of a labour law reform adopted in France in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government.
The 35-hour working week had been on the Socialist Party's 1981 electoral program, titled 110 Propositions for France, but was not pursued because of the poor economic state.
The reform's aim was primarily to lower the unemployment rate, then at a record high of 12.5%, by encouraging the creation of jobs with work sharing.
Another reason was that the Jospin government took advantage of the changes introduced with the 35-hour working week to relax other workforce legislation.
It did so by offering a reduced payroll tax for all firms that lowered their current employees' working hours, and hired additional workers before January 2000.
It legally lowered the standard hours worked per week from 39 down to 35 for companies with more than 20 employees.
Additional hours worked after 35 then had to be paid at the overtime premium of 25% for the first eight hours, and then a 50% premium for every additional hour.
Unions and firms signed an agreement to bargain the hourly wage increase to make up for the potential loss of income by the employee's decreasing work time.
To motivate companies to compromise with Unions, the government offered Social Security rebates to all firms that signed contracts with unions agreeing to a 35-hour workweek and wage increases.
To help small companies make the transition, the government increased the annual limit on overtime hours for small companies and set their overtime premiums at a lower rate.
The Raffarin government, some members of which were vocal critics of the law, gradually pushed for further relaxation of the legal working time requirements.
On 22 December 2004, the French Parliament extended the maximum number of overtime hours per year from 180 to 220 under the Fallon laws.
Professor Fabrice Gilles at Université de Lille studied the impact of the Aubry laws by analyzing data on capital operating time from the French Central Bank and the administrative files on worktime regulation agreements from the French Ministry of Labour.
He found that capital operating time has not decreased in shift-work firms, because they responded by increasing the intensity of night-shift work and adding some additional overtime.
There has not been a significant rise in dual jobholding as a result of the reduction of full-time employment work hours.
The expenses and higher wages cause the cost benefit of hiring an extra worker to go down, and raise the marginal cost of an additional worker.
Critics of the 35-hour working week have argued that it has failed to serve its purpose because an increase in recruitment has not occurred.
According to right-wing parties and economic commentators, the main reason that French firms avoid hiring new workers is that French employment regulations on labour flexibility make it difficult to lay off workers during poor economic periods.
The French bar association (CNB) says that 44% of lawyers in the country worked 55 hours or more a week in 2008.
After being implemented, the Aubry reforms were credited with lowering unemployment and expanding the economy, but since the overall unemployment rate is now nearing double digits, further reforms are being called for.
The story revolves around Natsumi Tsujimoto and Miyuki Kobayakawa, two female officers of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and the protagonists of the show as they are stationed at the fictional Bokuto Police Station located at Sumida, Tokyo.
Most of the series reflects on the standing friendship between Miyuki and Natsumi as they deal with their personal lives and their jobs as police officers, with some being portrayed as slice of life stories.
The series also reflects the human side of Bokuto Station's various police officers in their field of work and in their personal lives outside of police work.
The English version of the manga was published by Dark Horse Comics, which only contained selected episodes from volumes 6 and 7 (reportedly at Fujishima's request, resulting in continuity confusion by some fans of the series).
The series was first adapted into a four-episode OVA series, directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi, which was released in Japan from 1994 to 1995.
It was also broadcast on Rai in Italy, NTV7 in Malaysia, Hero TV in the Philippines and TTV and AXN-Taiwan in Taiwan.
Animated by Studio Deen and produced by Bandai Visual, the series featured character designs by Atsuko Nakajima and music by Kow Otani and Yasunori Iwasaki.
One of them is a detective named Ryosuke Arisugawa, a 24-year-old plainclothed officer assigned to Bokuto Police Station in order to identify and arrest a hacker who was trying to break into the precinct's network system.
It is a stand-alone story from the series, detailing a fight with Miyuki and Natsumi due to the latter being late for work again in Bokuto Station.
Work on the novel had been supervised by Kōsuke Fujishima himself personally with Atsuko Nakajima doing the artwork in the novel.
The drama also advances the romantic relationships of the main characters, and it appears as if the producers of this drama were giving the fans what they have always wanted.
The Taymyr Peninsula () is a peninsula in the Far North of Russia, in the Siberian Federal District, that forms the northernmost part of the mainland of Eurasia.
They reside primarily in the settlements of Ust-Avam, Volachanka, and Novaya in the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, with smaller populations residing in the towns of Dudinka and Norilsk as well.
The nickel ore concentrate and other products of the company are transported over a short railroad to the port city of Dudinka on the Yenisei River, and from there by boat to Murmansk and other ports.
The peninsula is the site of the last known naturally occurring muskox outside of North America, which died out about 2,000 years ago.
Atheist is a death metal band from Florida, founded in 1984 by vocalist/guitarist Kelly Shaefer, guitarist Rand Burkey, bassist Roger Patterson, and drummer Steve Flynn.
Seven years after their second break up, Kelly Shaefer decided to re-release and remaster their three albums with different bonus tracks.
Shaefer played with Neurotica until 2002, whereas Tony Choy played in a number of other bands, including Area 305 and Pestilence.
In 2001, Kelly Shaefer tried to regroup the band with all the original members with the addition of the acclaimed Kyle Sokol from the Tampa Bay area on bass guitar, replacing Tony Choy due to Choy's other band commitments according to a metal magazine interview.
Relapse Records re-issued the band's three albums in late 2005, as well as a vinyl box set containing the three albums plus the R.A.V.A.G.E.
A month later, Shaefer announced that they had commenced the recording of a new studio album, which would be their first in over 15 years.
The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) was a state-run health sciences institution of New Jersey, United States.
It was founded as the Seton Hall College of Medicine and Dentistry in 1954, and by the 1980s was both a major school of health sciences, and a major research university.
On July 1, 2013 it was dissolved, with most of its schools merging with Rutgers University to form a new Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences.
The School of Osteopathic Medicine along with its Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, became part of Rowan University and was renamed the Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine.
This was the forerunner of the New Jersey Medical School, the New Jersey Dental School, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.
In 1965, the college was acquired by the state of New Jersey and renamed the New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry (NJCMD).
The College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (CMDNJ) was created by legislature in 1970 with the consolidation of the boards of trustees of Rutgers Medical School (now Robert Wood Johnson Medical School) and New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry.
It was also the leading research university in New Jersey, edging the other major research universities in the state (including Princeton University and Rutgers University) in federal research grant dollars.
In July 2010, the UMDNJ Board of Trustees voted to raise tuition up to 21 percent for out-of-state students and up to 18% for in-state students.
The changes occurred after medical students had already begun their clinical rotations, signed into housing agreements, and received their financial aid packages.
In the students' eyes, the unprecedented increase in tuition was viewed as a way to make up a sudden financial deficit in UMDNJ's budget, though there was a lack of transparency by the UMDNJ Board of Trustees and President Denise Rodgers at the time.
UMDNJ also operated The University Hospital in Newark and the Raritan Valley Hospital in Greenbrook, New Jersey, while Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick, Hackensack University Medical Center in Hackensack and Cooper University Hospital in Camden were affiliates of UMDNJ.
UMDNJ had approximately 7,000 students in more than 100 degree and certificate programs; more than 13,000 employees, including nearly 2,500 faculty members; more than 31,000 alumni and more than 200 education and healthcare affiliates throughout New Jersey.
The University was dedicated to pursuing excellence in the education of health professionals and scientists, conducting research, delivering healthcare, and serving the community.
The criminal complaint filed against the institution charged that health-care fraud occurred through alleged double-billing of Medicaid between May 2001 and November 2004 for physician services in outpatient clinics.
Herbert Jay Stern, a former U.S. Attorney and federal judge in New Jersey, was appointed as a federal monitor to oversee and enforce compliance in accordance with the deferred prosecution agreement that outlines reform and action to help resolve illegal practices and restore financial integrity and professionalism to the institution.
In March 2008, UMDNJ announced that its accreditation by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education had been restored, following the termination of the Deferred Prosecution Agreement; Stern had recommended the return of full responsibility for governance of the institution to the UMDNJ Board of Trustees after implementation of a number of systemic reforms by the Board and administration.
In Stratford, New Jersey, at the UMDNJ School of Osteopathic Medicine, Warren Wallace, the prior Senior Associate Dean for Academic and Student Affairs, was terminated amid accusations of unethical behavior.
Accusations include inappropriate use of UMDNJ time and resources for political activities, efforts to obtain no-bid contracts for a friend or neighbor, and inappropriate actions in relation to obtaining admission to the School of Osteopathic Medicine for his daughter.
R. Michael Gallagher, former dean of the School of Osteopathic Medicine, was convicted of bribing Bryant and received an 18-month sentence.
Partial nominal rigidity occurs when a price may vary in nominal terms, but not as much as it would if perfectly flexible.
For example, in a regulated market there might be limits to how much a price can change in a given year.
The presence of nominal rigidity is an important part of macroeconomic theory since it can explain why markets might not reach equilibrium in the short run or even possibly the long run.
This can lead to involuntary unemployment as it takes time for wages to adjust to equilibrium, a situation he thought applied to the Great Depression.
For other items, such as the cost of a bottle of champagne or the cost of a meal in a restaurant, the price might remain fixed for an extended period of time (many months or even years).
One of the richest sources of information about this is the price-quote data used to construct the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
The statistical agencies in many countries collect tens of thousands of price-quotes for specific items each month in order to construct the CPI.
In the early years of the 21st century, there were several major studies of nominal price rigidity in the US and Europe using the CPI price quote microdata.
The following table gives nominal rigidity as reflected in the frequency of prices changing on average per month in several countries.
Removing sales and temporary price cuts raises the average length of price-spells considerably: in the US it more than doubled the mean spell duration to 11 months.
Another price that is just as important (for example, canned tomatoes) might only change once per year (one price spell of 12 months).
Looking at these two goods prices alone, we observe that there are 13 price spells with an average duration of (12+13)/13 equals about 2 months.
However, if we average across the two items (tomatoes and canned tomatoes), we see that the average spell is 6.5 months (12+1)/2.
If we are looking at nominal rigidity in an economy, we are more interested in the distribution of durations across prices rather than the distribution of price spell durations in itself.
Partial nominal rigidity is less easy to measure, since it is difficult to distinguish whether a price that changes is changing less than it would if it were perfectly flexible.
Linking micro data of prices and cost, Carlsson and Nordström Skans (2012), showed that that firms consider both current and future expected cost when setting prices.
The finding that the expectation of future conditions matter for the price set today provides strong evidence in favor of nominal rigidity and the forward looking behavior of the price setters implied by the models of sticky prices outlined below.
The differences can be thought of as differences in a two-stage process: In time-dependent models, firms decide to change prices and then evaluate market conditions; In state-dependent models, firms evaluate market conditions and then decide how to respond.
The Taylor model is one where firms set the price knowing exactly how long the price will last (the duration of the price spell).
Thus the aggregate price level is an average of the new price set this period and the price set last period and still remaining for half of the firms.
In general, if price-spells last for n periods, a proportion of 1/n firms reset their price each period and the general price is an average of the prices set now and in the preceding n-1 periods.
At any point in time, there will be a uniform distribution of ages of price-spells: (1/n) will be new prices in their first period, 1/n in their second period, and so on until 1/n will be n periods old.
Thus a proportion h of firms can reset their price in any period, whilst the remaining proportion (1-h) keep their price constant.
The probability that the price will last for i periods is (1-h), and the expected duration is h. For example, if h=0.25, then a quarter of firms will rest their price each period, and the expected duration for the price-spell is 4.
There is no upper limit to how long price-spells may last: although the probability becomes small over time, it is always strictly positive.
Unlike the Taylor model where all completed price-spells have the same length, there will at any time be a distribution of completed price-spell lengths.
In state-dependent models the decision to change prices is based on changes in the market and is not related to the passage of time.
In macroeconomics, nominal rigidity is necessary to explain how money (and hence monetary policy and inflation) can affect the real economy and why the classical dichotomy breaks down.
In a perfectly flexible economy, monetary shocks would lead to immediate changes in the level of nominal prices, leaving real quantities (e.g.
For money to have real effects, some degree of nominal rigidity is required so that prices and wages do not respond immediately.
Keynesian macroeconomists suggest that markets fail to clear because prices fail to drop to market clearing levels when there is a drop in demand.
The notion that expectations of future conditions affect current price- and wage-setting decisions is a keystone for much of the current monetary policy analysis based on Keynesian macroeconomic models and the implied policy advice.
Huw Dixon and Claus Hansen showed that even if only part of the economy has sticky prices, this can influence prices in other sectors and lead to prices in the rest of the economy becoming less responsive to changes in demand.
What this result says is that no matter how small the sector affected by menu-costs, it will tie down the flexible price.
In macroeconomic terms all nominal prices will be sticky, even those in the potentially flexible price sector, so that changes in nominal demand will feed through into changes in output in both the menu-cost sector and the flexible price sector.
Now, this is of course an extreme result resulting from the real rigidity taking the form of a constant real marginal cost.
However, the presence of the fixed prices in the menu-cost sector would still act to dampen the responsiveness of the flexible prices, although this would now depend upon the size of the menu-cost sector a, the sensitivity of formula_3 to Y and so on.
In macroeconomics, sticky information is old information used by agents as a basis for their behavior—information that does not take into account recent events.
In contrast to John B. Taylor's model where the nominal wage is constant over the contract life, in Fischer's model the union can choose a different wage for each period over the contract.
The key point is that at any time t, the union setting its new contract will be using the up-to-date latest information to choose its wages for the next two periods.
However, the other union is still setting its wage based on the contract it planned last period, which is based on the old information.
The importance of sticky information in Fischer's model is that whilst wages in some sectors of the economy are reacting to the latest information, those in other sectors are not.
A sudden change in monetary policy can have real effects, because of the sector where wages have not had a chance to adjust to the new information.
This added a new feature to Fischer's model: there is a fixed probability that you can replan your wages or prices each period.
Using quarterly data, they assumed a value of 25%: that is, each quarter 25% of randomly chosen firms/unions can plan a trajectory of current and future prices based on current information.
Thus if we consider the current period, 25% of prices will be based on the latest information available, and the rest on information that was available when they last were able to replan their price trajectory.
Sticky information models do not have nominal rigidity: firms or unions are free to choose different prices or wages for each period.
Thus when a firm gets lucky and can re-plan its current and future prices, it will choose a trajectory of what it believes will be the optimal prices now and in the future.
These studies all show that whilst there are some sectors where prices change frequently, there are also other sectors where prices remain fixed over time.
The lack of sticky prices in the sticky information model is inconsistent with the behavior of prices in most of the economy.
Additionally, within the context of the short run model there is an implication that the classical dichotomy does not hold when sticky inflation is present.
Not only will inflation not respond to monetary policy in the short run, but monetary expansion as well as contraction can both have negative effects on the standard of living.
Prevlaka () is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast.
Because of its strategic location in the southern Adriatic, in the aftermath of the SFR Yugoslav breakup, the peninsula became subject to a territorial dispute between Croatia and FR Yugoslavia, a federal state that included Montenegro.
The narrow, uninhabited peninsula is 2.6 kilometers long and only 150–500 meters wide, covering the area of 93.33 hectares (just under 1 kilometer squared).
Along with the small Montenegrin island of Mamula, which sits some 2 kilometers east of Cape Oštro, in addition to being two sides of an international maritime border, the two spots present observation entry points into the Bay of Kotor.
North of the Prevlaka isthmus, just within the Bay of Kotor, lie the two less prominent capes Konfin and Kobila, to the northwest of which is a road border crossing between Croatia and Montenegro.
Konavle and the Prevlaka peninsula was bought by the Republic of Ragusa from the Bosnian Kingdom in the early 15th century to protect its eastern flank.
In 1806, during Napoleon's conquest of Europe, King Alexander I of Russia was intent on stopping French advances in the Adriatic and to that end deployed a Mediterranean expedition led by vice-admiral Dmitry Senyavin, that by September 1806 made considerable territorial gains in the area, including Prevlaka and the entire Bay of Kotor.
In July 1807, the Russians and the French struck a deal in the first Treaty of Tilsit for the area to be handed over to the First French Empire.
In 1808, the French assigned the newly acquired territory over to their client state called the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy before in 1810 reassigning it back into the First French Empire proper as part of the Illyrian Provinces, their recently created autonomous subdivision.
Austrian rule was ratified by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and the territory became part of its newly created internal administrative subdivision, the Kingdom of Dalmatia.
It remained as such after the transformation of Austrian Empire into the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary following the Congress of Berlin in 1867.
Towards the end of the 19th century, on the suggestion of General Lazar Mamula, the Austro-Hungarian authorities decided to build a fort on Punta d'Ostro, along with another in the island of Mamula in order to ensure military control over the entrance into the Bay of Kotor.
The authorities reportedly also decided to compensate local farmers for the expropriated land, but no money was paid until the collapse of the dual monarchy.
In 1918, after the end of World War I and collapse of Austria-Hungary, Prevlaka became part of the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
By 1922, once the new state determined its internal administrative subdivisions, dividing its territory into 33 oblasts, the peninsula got included in kingdom's Dubrovnik Oblast.
In 1929, as Kingdom of SCS transformed into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia along with its internal administrative subdivisions being reconfigured into 9 banovinas, Prevlaka was included into Zeta Banovina together with Dubrovnik.
In April 1941 Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia, conquering it in less than three weeks before proceeding to dismember its territory by creating a handful of locally-administered fascist puppet states.
Due to its strategic importance, the Axis-aligned Kingdom of Italy under prime minister Benito Mussolini would not let either of the two newly propped up local fascist puppet regimes, the Independent State of Croatia or the Italian governorate of Montenegro, control the Bay of Kotor region.
The Bay of Kotor along with its surrounding areas including eastern Konavle and Prevlaka was controlled directly by Italy based on the May 1941 Treaties of Rome.
As World War II dragged on, in summer 1943, in response to the Allied advances in their Italian campaign, Nazi Germany took over the administration of the Bay of Kotor including Prevlaka.
On 22 December 1944, the Yugoslav Partisans took control of the region, and after the war Prevlaka became part of the newly proclaimed FPR Yugoslavia, specifically its constituent unit the People's Republic of Croatia.
During the Yugoslav Wars that followed the breakup of Yugoslavia, the territory was occupied by Yugoslav forces like most of the Dubrovnik region during the siege of Dubrovnik.
The two sides agreed on the demilitarization of the peninsula and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 779 of October 6, 1992 extended the mandate of UNPROFOR to the implementation of this agreement, together with the European Community Monitoring Mission.
A resolution to the conflict took shape in 1996 when the United Nations mediated the conflict and established an observer mission (UNMOP) which oversaw the demilitarization and acted as a buffer.
The UN mission ended in December 2002 and the territory that had previously been part of SR Croatia was returned to the Republic of Croatia.
An agreement was signed by both sides five days before the departure of the UNMOP that demilitarized Prevlaka and effectively made it a neutral territory, though implementation still has a temporary character.
In 2002, the two states agreed on a temporary solution stipulating that Croatia would receive the entire land mass of the Prevlaka peninsula including some 500 meters of the sea belt entrance into Boka Kotorska while the sea bay on the side of Prevlaka facing Herceg Novi was declared no man's waters.
In 2008, a mixed commission was created, tasked with preparing the legal case for the border settlement in front of the International Court of Justice at The Hague.
In search of the permanent border settlement, the two states have the option of settling the issue between themselves bilaterally or opting for the international arbitration.
Savitri Devi Mukherji (30 September 1905 – 22 October 1982) was the pseudonym of the English-Greek-French Maximiani Portas (), a proponent of Nazism who served the Axis powers by committing espionage on the forces of the Allies of World War II in India.
Savitri was a proponent of a synthesis of Hinduism and Nazism, proclaiming Adolf Hitler to have been sent by Providence, much like an avatar of the Hindu God Vishnu.
She believed Hitler was a sacrifice for humanity which would lead to the end of the Kali Yuga induced by those who she felt were the powers of evil: the Jews.
Born as Maximiani Julia Portas in 1905 in Lyon, Savitri Devi was the daughter of Maxim Portas, a French citizen of Greek and Italian ancestry and an English woman, Julia Portas (née Nash).
Maximine Portas was born two and a half months premature, weighing only 930 grams (2.05 pounds), and was not at first expected to live.
She claimed that, during the World War II, she enabled Subhas Chandra Bose (leader of the Axis-affiliated Indian National Army) to make contact with representatives of the Empire of Japan.
During World War II, Devi's connection to the Axis powers led to a clash with her mother, who served with the French Resistance during the German occupation of France.
During 1941, Devi chose to interpret Allied military support for Greece, against Italian and German forces, as an invasion of Greece.
After World War II, she travelled to Europe in late 1945 under the name Savitri Devi Mukherji as the wife of a British subject from India, under a British Indian passport.
She stopped briefly in England, then visited her mother in France, and then travelled on to Iceland where she witnessed the eruption of Mount Hekla.
Arrested for posting bills, she was tried in Düsseldorf on 5 April 1949 for the promotion of Nazi ideas on German territory subject to the Allied Control Council, and sentenced to two years imprisonment.
In 1957 she stayed with Johann von Leers in Egypt as she traveled across the Middle East when returning home to New Delhi, including stops in Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Tehran, and Zahedan.
This group emerged after the Second World War when a handful of former members of the British Union of Fascists took on the name.
In August 1962, Savitri Devi attended the international Nazi conference in Gloucestershire and was a founder-signatory of the Cotswold Agreement that established the World Union of National Socialists (WUNS).
After retiring from teaching in 1970, Savitri Devi spent nine months at the Normandy home of close friend Françoise Dior while working on her memoirs; although she was at first welcome, her annoying personal habits began to disrupt life at the presbytery (amongst other traits, she did not take a bath during her stay and chewed garlic continually).
Concluding that her pension would go much further in India and encouraged by Françoise Dior, she flew from Paris to Bombay on 23 June 1971.
In August she moved to New Delhi, where she lived alone, with a number of cats and at least one cobra.
Savitri Devi continued correspondence with Nazi enthusiasts in Europe and the Americas, particularly with Colin Jordan, John Tyndall, Matt Koehl, Miguel Serrano, Einar Åberg and Ernst Zündel.
Devi was a pioneer in animal rights activism, and was a vegetarian from a young age and held ecologist views in her works.
According to her, human beings do not stand above the animals; but in her ecologist views, humans are rather a part of the ecosystem and should respect all life, including animals and the whole of nature.
Its origins in Tibet can be traced to early 12th century master Yumo Mikyo Dorje, but became much wider known with the help of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, a monk originally trained in the Sakya school.
The Jonang school was widely thought to have become extinct in the late 17th century at the hands of the 5th Dalai Lama, who forcibly annexed the Jonang gompas (Tibetan-style monasteries) to his Gelug school, declaring them heretical.
The Jonang re-established their religio-political center in Golok, Nakhi and Mongol areas of Kham and Amdo with the school's seat () at Dzamtang Tsangwa () dzong and have continued practicing uninterrupted to this day.
An estimated 5000 monks and nuns of the Jonang tradition practice today in these areas and at the edges of historic Gelug influence.
However, their teachings were limited to these regions until the Rimé movement of the 19th century encouraged the study of non-Gelug schools of thought and practice.
The monk Künpang Tukjé Tsöndrü (, 1243-1313) established a kumbum or stupa-vihara in the Jomonang Valley about northwest of the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Ü-Tsang (modern Shigatse).
The Jonang tradition combines two specific teachings, what has come to be known as the shentong philosophy of śūnyatā, and the Dro lineage of the Kalachakra Tantra.
The origin of this combination in Tibet is traced to the master Yumo Mikyo Dorje, an 11th/12th century pupil of the Kashmiri master Somanatha.
After several centuries of independence, however, in the late 17th century the Jonang order and its teachings came under attack by the 5th Dalai Lama, who converted the majority of their monasteries in Tibet to the Gelug order, although several survived in secret.
The Jonang school generated a number of renowned Buddhist scholars, like Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, but its most famous was Taranatha (1575–1634), who placed great emphasis on the Kalachakra Tantra.
After the Jonang monasteries and practitioners in Gelug-controlled regions were forcibly converted, Jonang Kalachakra teachings were absorbed into the Gelug school.
Taranatha's influence on Gelug thinking continues even to this day in the teaching of the present 14th Dalai Lama, who actively promotes initiation into Kalachakra.
While the Gelugpa embraced the Jonang teaching on the Kalachakra, they ultimately opposed the Jonangpa (followers of the Jonang) over a difference in philosophical view.
Yumo Mikyo Dorje, Dolpopa Sherab Gyeltsen and subsequent lamas maintained shentong teachings, which hold that only the clear-light, non-dual nature of the mind is real and everything else is empty of inherent existence.
The Jonang school, along with the Kagyu, were historical allies with the powerful house of Tsangpa, which was vying with the Dalai Lama and the Gelug school for control of Central Tibet.
Tüsheet Khan and his son were of Borjigin lineage (the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors), meaning they had the birth authority to become khagan.
When the young boy was declared the spiritual leader of all of Mongolia, suddenly the Gelugpa were faced with the possibility of war with the former military superpower of Asia.
While the Mongol Empire was long past its zenith, this was nonetheless a frightening prospect and the Dalai Lama sought the first possible moment of Mongol distraction to take control of the Jonangpa monasteries.
The writings of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen and even those of Sakya proponents of zhentong were sealed and banned from publication and study and that Jonangpa monastics were forcibly converted to the Gelug lineage.
Thus, Tibetologists were astonished when fieldwork turned up several active Jonangpa monasteries, including the main monastery, Tsangwa, located in Zamtang County, Sichuan.
Almost 40 monasteries, comprising about 5000 monks, have subsequently been found, including some in the Amdo Tibetan and rGyalgrong areas of Qinghai, Sichuan and Tibet.
One of the primary supporters of the Jonang lineage in exile has been the 14th Dalai Lama of the Gelugpa lineage.
The Dalai Lama donated buildings in Himachal Pradesh state in Shimla, India for use as a Jonang monastery (now known as the Main Takten Phuntsok Choeling Monastery) and has visited during one of his recent teaching tours.
The Jonang tradition has recently officially registered with the Tibetan Government in exile to be recognized as the fifth living Buddhist tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.
The 14th Dalai Lama assigned Jebtsundamba Khutuktu of Mongolia (who is considered to be an incarnation of Taranatha) as the leader of the Jonang tradition.
Christmas on Mars is a science fiction film from the alternative rock band The Flaming Lips, written and directed by the band's frontman, Wayne Coyne, and featuring the entire band in the cast, as well as many of their associates, including Steve Burns, Adam Goldberg, and Fred Armisen.
The film was released in three different packages on November 11, 2008 through conventional retailers as well as through the band's website.
The main character, Major Syrtis (played by Steven Drozd), is trying to organise a Christmas pageant to celebrate the birth of the first colonist baby.
At the beginning of 2002, over 20 minutes of edited film were ready, with music and preliminary sound effects also completed for these scenes.
Most of the movie was shot on 16 mm film, with most of the sets based in Wayne's Oklahoma City house.
On September 12, 2008, the film made its New York City debut at 7am within the KGB Complex, a former Ukrainian Socialist Social Club, on the Lower East Side.
The film was released on DVD November 11, 2008 in three different packages designed by the band's visual generalist George Salisbury.
The first 1,000 Mega Deluxe Edition versions will have the popcorn boxes signed by all four members of The Flaming Lips.
These songs are both entirely instrumental, in a similar style to acclaimed Lips instrumentals such as the Grammy-winning Approaching Pavonis Mons by Balloon (Utopia Planitia).
Beginning around 1872, multiple organizations were founded in order to bring an art gallery to Milwaukee, as the city was still a growing port town with little or no facilities to hold major art exhibitions.
Shortly after that year, Alexander Mitchell donated all of his collection to constructing Milwaukee's first permanent art gallery in the city's history.
In 1911, the Milwaukee Art Institute, another building constructed to hold other exhibitions and collections, was completed, adjacent to the Layton Art Gallery.
The Milwaukee Art Center, now the Milwaukee Art Museum, was formed when the Milwaukee Art Institute and Layton Art Gallery merged their collections in 1957 and moved into the newly built Eero Saarinen-designed Milwaukee County War Memorial.
In the latter half of the 20th century, the museum came to include the War Memorial Center in 1957 as well as the brutalist Kahler Building (1975) designed by David Kahler and the Quadracci Pavilion (2001) created by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava.
In November 2015, the museum opened a $34 million expansion funded jointly by a museum capital campaign and by Milwaukee County.
The new building, the Shields Building, designed by Milwaukee architect James Shields of HGA, provides an additional 30,000 square feet for art, including a section devoted to light-based media, photography, and video installation.
The building includes a new atrium and lakefront-facing entry point for visitors and was designed with cantilevered elements and concrete columns to complement, respectively, the existing Calatrava and Kahler structures on the site.
The final design emerged after a lengthy process that included the main architect's departure because of design disputes and his return to the project.
Included in the collection are 15th- to 20th-century European and 17th- to 20th-century American paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, decorative arts, photographs, and folk and self-taught art.
Among the best in the collection are the museum's holding of American decorative arts, German Expressionism, folk and Haitian art, and American art after 1960.
Other artists represented include Gustave Caillebotte, Nardo di Cione, Francisco de Zurbarán, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Winslow Homer, Auguste Rodin, Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Gabriele Munter, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Frank Lloyd Wright, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, Wassily Kandinsky, Mark Rothko, Robert Gober, and Andy Warhol.
Endowment proceeds cover a fraction of the museum's expenses, leaving it overly dependent on funds from day-to-day operations such as ticket sales.
Daniel Keegan, who has served as the museum's director since 2008, negotiated an agreement with Milwaukee County and the Milwaukee County War Memorial for the long-term management and funding of the facilities in 2013.
Kalanchoe was one of the first plants to be sent into space, sent on a resupply to the Soviet Salyut 1 space station in 1971.
Kalanchoes are characterized by opening their flowers by growing new cells on the inner surface of the petals to force them outwards, and on the outside of the petals to close them.
Only one species of this genus originates from the Americas, 56 from southern and eastern Africa and 60 species in Madagascar.
They are popular because of their ease of propagation, low water requirements, and wide variety of flower colors typically borne in clusters well above the phylloclades.
They also have the strong positive inotropic effect associated with cardiac glycosides, and with greater doses an increasing effect on the central nervous system.
This is a list of cruisers of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom from 1877 (when the category was created by amalgamating the two previous categories of frigate and corvette) until the last cruiser was decommissioned more than a century later.
In the Royal Navy this classification was not actually used, the term first class cruiser being used instead for both armoured cruisers and large protected cruisers.
Protected cruisers were so-called because their vital machinery spaces were protected by an armoured deck and the arrangement of coal bunkers.
The third class cruiser was not expected to operate with the fleet, was substantially smaller than the second class and lacked the watertight double-bottom of the latter.
With the advent of turbine machinery, oil firing and better armour plate the protected cruiser became obsolete and was succeeded by the light cruiser.
The scout cruiser was a smaller, faster, more lightly armed and armoured cruiser than the protected cruiser, intended for fleet scouting duties and acting as a flotilla leader.
Essentially there were two distinct groups – the eight vessels all ordered under the 1903 Programme, and the seven later vessels ordered under the 1907-1910 Programmes.
The light armoured cruiser – light cruiser – succeeded the protected cruiser; improvements in machinery and armour rendering the latter obsolete.
The Town class of 1910 were rated as second-class protected cruisers, but were effectively light armoured cruisers with mixed coal and oil firing.
This meant that the arrangement of coal bunkers in the hull could no longer be relied upon as protection and the adoption of destroyer-type machinery resulted in a higher speed.
In the London Naval Treaty of 1930, light cruisers were officially defined as cruisers having guns of 6.1 inches (155 mm) calibre or less, with a displacement not exceeding 10,000 tons.
The heavy cruiser was defined in the London Naval Treaty of 1930 as a cruiser with a main gun calibre not exceeding 8 inches.
The County and York classes were also built as light cruisers with most of them in service at the time of the Treaty of London, after which they were also redesignated heavy cruisers.
He represented Canada in three Winter Olympics, 1988 (finishing 8th overall), 1992 (6th) and 1994 (5th), and earned the privilege of carrying the Canadian flag during the opening ceremonies of the 1994 games in Lillehammer, Norway.
On March 25, 1988, at the 1988 World Championships in Budapest, Hungary, Browning landed the first ratified quadruple jump, a toe loop in the competition.
Jozef Sabovčík had previously landed a quad toe loop at the 1986 European Championships which was recognized at the event but then ruled invalid three weeks later.
Choreographed by Sandra Bezic and debuted in a CBC-TV special in 1994, this program is still asked to be performed at ice shows after 20 years.
Browning was awarded with a Lou Marsh Trophy for top Canadian Athlete (in 1990), Lionel Conacher Awards (1990 and 1991), Order of Canada (in 1990), an American Skating World Professional Skater of the Year Award (in 1998), and a Gustav Lussi Award from the Professional Skaters' Association (in 2001).
Their first son, Gabriel, was born on July 12, 2003, and their second son, Dillon, was born on August 14, 2007.
Siena Cathedral () is a medieval church in Siena, Italy, dedicated from its earliest days as a Roman Catholic Marian church, and now dedicated to the Assumption of Mary.
It was the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Siena, and from the 15th century that of the Archdiocese of Siena.
The exterior and interior are constructed of white and greenish-black marble in alternating stripes, with addition of red marble on the façade.
Black and white are the symbolic colors of Siena, etiologically linked to black and white horses of the legendary city's founders, Senius and Aschius.
In December 1058 a synod was held in this church resulting in the election of pope Nicholas II and the deposition of the antipope Benedict X.
Works were started with the north - south transept and it was planned to add the main, larger body of the cathedral later, but this enlargement was never accomplished.
There are records from 1226 on wards of the transport of black and white marble, probably for the construction of the façade and the bell tower.
In 1259 Manuello di Ranieri and his son Parri carved some wooden choir stalls, which were replaced about 100 years later and have now disappeared.
It would have more than doubled the size of the structure by means of an entirely new nave and two aisles ranged perpendicular to the existing nave and centered on the high altar.
The floor of the uncompleted nave now serves as a parking lot and museum, and, though unfinished, the remains are testament to Sienese power, ambition, and artistic achievement.
Underneath the choir of the Duomo, a narthex containing important late 13th-century frescoes (probably about 1280) was found and excavated in 1999-2003.
The façade of Siena Cathedral is one of the most fascinating in all of Italy and certainly one of the most impressive features in Siena.
Each of the cardinal points (west, east, north, and south) has their own distinct work; by far the most impressive of these is the west façade.
Acting as the main entryway to the Duomo proper, it boasts three portals (see Portal (architecture)); the central one is capped by a bronze-work sun.
Built in two stages and combining elements of French Gothic, Tuscan Romanesque architecture, and Classical architecture, the west façade is a beautiful example of Sienese workmanship.
Built using polychrome marble, the work was overseen by Giovanni Pisano whose work on the Duomo’s façade and pulpit was influenced by his father Nicola Pisano.
Built in Tuscan Romanesque style it emphasizes a horizontal unity of the area around the portals at the expense of the vertical bay divisions.
The three portals, surmounted by lunettes, are based on Giovanni Pisano’s original designs, as are much of the sculpture and orientation surrounding the entrances.
The areas around and above the doors, as well as the columns between the portals, are richly decorated with acanthus scrolls, allegorical figures and biblical scenes.
Giovanni Pisano was able to oversee his work until about 1296 when he abruptly left Siena, reportedly over creative differences with the Opera del Duomo, the group that oversaw the construction and maintenance of the Siena cathedrals.
Pisano's work on the lower façade was continued under the direction of Camaino di Crescentino, but a number of changes were made to the original plan.
These included raising the façade due to the raising of the nave of the church and the instillation of a larger rose window based on designs by Duccio di Buoninsegna and commissioned by the city of Siena.
Work on the west façade came to an abrupt end in 1317 when the Opera del Duomo redirected all efforts to the east façade.
The changes were probably needed to accommodate the raised nave and di Cecco's more elaborate design scheme, heavily influenced by French Gothic architecture, caused the apparent division of the upper portion of the cathedral.
Most noticeably the pinnacles of the upper portion do not continue from the columns flanking the central portal as they normally would in such cathedrals.
Instead they are substantially offset, resulting in a vertical discontinuity which is uncommon cathedrals of the time as it can lead to structural weakness.
To adjust for this imbalance, the towers on each side of the cathedral were opened by adding windows, reducing the weight they needed to support.
The upper portion also features heavy Gothic decoration, a marked contrast to the simple geometric designed common to Tuscan Romanesque architecture.
While most of the sculpture decorating the lower level of the lavish façade was sculpted by Giovanni Pisano and assistant depicting prophets, philosophers and apostles, the more Gothic statuary adorning the upper portion—including the half-length statues of the patriarchs in the niches around the rose window—are works of later, unattributed, sculptors.
The smaller mosaics on each side, Nativity of Jesus and Presentation of Mary in the Temple, were made by Alessandro Franchi.
The large door, known as the Porta della Riconoscenza, was commissioned in 1946 near the end of the German occupation of Siena.
Sculpted by Vico Consorti and cast by Enrico Manfrini, the scenes on the door represent the Glorification of the Virgin, Siena’s patron saint.
According to local legend Senius and Aschius, sons of Remus and founders of Siena, left Rome with the statue, stolen from the Temple of Apollo in Rome.
In the interior the pictorial effect of the black and white marble stripes on the walls and columns strikes the eye.
The horizontal moulding around the nave and the presbytery contains 172 plaster busts of popes dating from the 15th and 16th centuries starting with St. Peter and ending with Lucius III.
The vaulted roof is decorated in blue with golden stars, replacing frescoes on the ceiling, while the formerets (half ribs) and the tiercerons (secondary ribs) are adorned with richly elaborated motifs.
The colonnade in the drum is adorned with images and statues of 42 patriarchs and prophets, painted in 1481 by Guidoccio Cozzarelli and Benvenuto di Giovanni.
The eight stucco statues in the spandrels beneath the dome were sculpted in 1490 by Ventura di Giuliano and Bastiano di Francesco.
The enormous bronze ciborium is the work of Vecchietta (1467–1472, originally commissioned for the church of the Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala, across the square, and brought to the cathedral in 1506).
The pulpit is made of Carrara marble and was sculpted between the end of 1265 and November 1268 by Nicola Pisano and several other artists.
The inlaid marble mosaic floor is one of the most ornate of its kind in Italy, covering the whole floor of the cathedral.
The earliest scenes were made by a graffito technique: drilling tiny holes and scratching lines in the marble and filling these with bitumen or mineral pitch.
This technique of marble inlay also evolved during the years, finally resulting in a vigorous contrast of light and dark, giving it an almost modern, impressionistic composition.
The uncovered floor can only be seen for a period of six to ten weeks each year, generally including the month of September.
The rest of the year, the pavements near the altar are covered, and only some near the entrance may be viewed.
The first known artist working on the panels, was Domenico di Niccolò dei Cori, who was in charge of the cathedral between 1413 and 1423.
The Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund was popular in Siena, because he resided there for ten months on his way to Rome for his coronation.
The funeral monument for cardinal Riccardo Petroni (Siena 1250 - Genoa 1314, a jurisconsult of Pope Boniface VIII) was erected between 1317 and 1318 by the Sienese sculptor Tino di Camaino.
Above the sarcophagus, two angels draw apart a curtain, revealing the cardinal lying on his deathbed, accompanied by two guardian angels.
In the pavement, in front of this monument, lies the bronze tombstone of Bishop Giovanni di Bartolomeo Pecci, bishop of Grosseto, made by Donatello in 1427.
The Piccolomini Altarpiece, left of the entrance to the library, is the work of the Lombard sculptor Andrea Bregno in 1483.
This altarpiece is remarkable because of the four sculptures in the lower niches, made by the young Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504: Saint Peter, Saint Paul, Saint Gregory (with the help of an assistant) and Saint Pius.
Duccio di Buonisegnas large stained glass window, original to the building, was removed out of precaution during WWII for fear of shattering from bombs or fire.
The glass depicts a typical Sienese religious subject- three panels of the death, Assumption, and Coronation of Mary, flanked by the city's most important patron saints, Saint Ansanus; Saint Sabinus; Saint Crescentius; and Saint Victor, and in four corners are the Four Evangelists.
At the back of this chapel, amidst the rich renaissance decorations, is the bronze statue of St. John the Baptist by Donatello.
But most impressive in this chapel are the eight frescoes by Pinturicchio, which were commissioned by Alberto Aringhieri and painted between 1504 and 1505.
It is the last, most luxurious sculptural addition to the Duomo, and was commissioned in 1659 by the Sienese Chigi pope Alexander VII.
This circular chapel with a gilded dome was built by the German architect Johann Paul Schor to the baroque designs of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, replacing a 15th-century chapel.
On the eve of the battle of Montaperti (4 September 1260) against Florence, the city of Siena had dedicated itself to the Madonna.
Adjoining the cathedral is the Piccolomini Library, housing precious illuminated choir books and frescoes painted by the Umbrian Bernardino di Betto, called Pinturicchio, probably based on designs by Raphael.
The frescoes tell the story of the life of Siena's favorite son, cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini, who eventually became Pope Pius II.
He was the uncle of cardinal Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (then archbishop of Siena and the future pope Pius III), who commissioned this library in 1492 as a repository of the books and the manuscript collection of his uncle.
The entrance is a finely carved marble monument with two openings with round arches, executed in 1497 by Lorenzo di Mariano.
Pinturicchio painted this cycle of frescoes around the library between 1502 and 1507, representing Raphael and himself in several of them.
These exquisite illuminations by Liberale da Verona and Girolamo da Cremona were executed between 1466 and 1478 and later carried on by other Sienese illuminators.
Also at this level under the Duomo is a crypt excavated beginning in 1999, which contains relics of Siena's key patron saints and frescoes from the 12th and 13th centuries.
In 1977, while in high school, Coyne began working as a fry cook for a Long John Silver's restaurant in Oklahoma City.
Coyne formed the Flaming Lips in 1983 with brother Mark singing lead and Michael Ivins on bass guitar, and Richard English on drums.
During large-crowd festival performances, Coyne makes his entrance by descending from an alien mother ship (a nod to Parliament-Funkadelic) in a bubble and floats across the audience.
Coyne does this to pay homage to a famous picture of Miles Davis who, after a performance, had blood on his suit because a police officer had beaten him during the show.
Flaming Lips concerts also feature confetti cannons, lasers, laser pointers, images projected on to a screen, dozens of large balloons, a stage filled with dancers dressed as aliens, yetis, the gloves etc.
Their performances have been likened to psychedelic experiences rather than simply music shows, a tradition that goes back to the band's formation.
At the New Year's Eve Freakout in Oklahoma City on January 1, 2010, Coyne instructed the audience to set their cell phone alarms for 12:55 a.m.
Located in a remote area in the Maule Region of central Chile, Colonia Dignidad was ~35 km southeast of the city of Parral, on the north bank of the Perquilauquén River.
The main legal economic activity of the colony was agriculture; at various periods it also was home to a school, a hospital, two airstrips, a restaurant, and a power station.
The organization was secretive, and the Colonia was surrounded by barbed wire fences, and featured a watchtower and searchlights, and was later reported to contain secret weapon caches.
In recent decades, external investigations, including efforts by the Chilean government, uncovered a history of criminal activity in the enclave, including child sexual abuse.
Reports based on Chile's National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation, has reported that a small set of the many individuals abducted by Pinochet's Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional during his rule were held as prisoners at Colonia Dignidad, some of whom were subjected to torture, and that some Colonia residents of the time were participants in the atrocities.
Its current leaders have attempted to modernize the colony, allowing residents to leave to study at university, and opening the colony to tourism, attracting visitors due to its infamous past.
The first inhabitants of Colonia Dignidad arrived in 1961, brought by German citizen Paul Schäfer, who was born in 1921, in the town of Troisdorf.
Schäfer's first employment in Germany was as a welfare worker for children in an institution of the local church, a post from which he was fired at the end of the 1940s; he then faced accusations of sexual abuse against children in his care.
The colony intended to project to the outside world an image of harmony, order and an inclusive system of communal work.
This was emphasized by the work of its own press operations who were recording and broadcasting videos showing their happy residents amid celebrations and commemorations: men dedicated to farm work, women and girls embroidering or preparing butter.
However, Schäfer's propaganda efforts were again and again overshadowed by allegations of people escaping from the colony and obtaining asylum in Germany.
In the following year, he freed another inhabitant of the colony, Heinz Kuhn, who confirmed the allegations previously made by Müller, and provided more information on abuses.
However, these first allegations were rejected by politicians and were emphatically denied due to their ties with the management of the Colony in their preparation of the military coup of September 11, 1973, as demonstrated later in Chilean court cases.
Before officially moving his organization to Chile, Paul Schäfer requested that the Chilean government exempt him from paying taxes and grant him asylum as long as he helped with gaining political intelligence.
The Rettig Commission noted a wealth of information supporting the accusations of the use of the laundry owned by Colonia Dignidad for detention and torture of political detainees during Pinochet's military dictatorship.
The Commission has also noted that other sources concluded Colonia Dignidad was used at a minimum as a detention center for political prisoners.
Among these sources are spokesmen for the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances.
Schäefer’s 2005 arrest saw more than 500 government files of missing detainees hidden in the ‘bodega de las papas’ (‘potato cellar’ in English).
In the late 1970s, Pinochet allegedly ordered for the mass graves containing hundreds of murdered detainees to be unearthed and for the bodies to be either thrown into the sea or burned.
Journalist John Dinges has claimed that there was some degree of cooperation between the German Intelligence Service and Colonia Dignidad, including creation of bunkers, tunnels, a hospital, and runways for the decentralized production of armaments in modules (parts produced in one place, other parts in another).
National and international pressure intensified, but each time the police tried to conduct an investigation at the site they were greeted with a wall of silence.
Slowly, Chilean public awareness began to change, creating a growing feeling of resentment towards the place, which many began to perceive as an independent state, or an enclave within Chile.
Before coming to Chile, Schäefer had attempted to start an orphanage in Germany, but two mothers living there accused him of molesting their children, so to escape judicial consequences, he fled to Chile.
Those on the side of the colony said that it was a harmless organization, but, those against it recounted it as tyrannical in structure, and highly restrictive in terms of interaction between genders and in expression of sexuality, with a reportedly aging population.
Today the colony is not as isolated as it was under Schäefer’s leadership; Schäefer made great efforts to keep the colony as isolated as he could.
The road to the colony cut through farmland and forest, and brought the traveler to a large barbed-wire fence that was generally heavily protected.
Inside, however, the colony seemed fairly normal, though a bit old-fashioned:The village had modern apartment complexes, two schools, a chapel, several meetinghouses, and a bakery that produced fresh cakes, breads, and cheeses.
There were numerous animal stables, two landing strips, at least one airplane, a hydroelectric power station, and mills and factories of various kinds, including a highly profitable gravel mill that supplied raw materials for numerous road-building projects throughout Chile.
On the north side of the village was a hospital, where the Germans provided free care to thousands of patients in one of the country’s poorest areas.Schäefer, despite living in Chile for most of his adult life, spoke little Spanish, as only German was spoken inside the colony.
In reality, Schäfer ran a fear-based colony where members were barred from interacting with the world outside the community, and a few were armed to protect the community against possible outside attacks.
The inhabitants lived under an abnormal authoritarian system, where in addition to minimal contact with the outside, Schäfer ordered the division of families (parents did not talk to their children, or did not know their siblings).
It prohibited all kinds of relations, sentimental or conjugal, among adult women and men, and segregated the living quarters of each sex.
Schäfer sexually abused children and some were tortured, as is clear from the statements of the German Dr. Gisela Seewald, who admitted the use of electroshock therapy and sedatives that her boss had claimed were placebos.
Members were often encouraged to confess to him both their own sins, and the sins of others that they had witnessed.
Each person would work 12+ hours a day, receiving no payment, but doing so rather for the sake of Colonia Dignidad.
The colony had a school and hospital in the enclave which offered support to rural families through free education and health services.
However, there are many cases uncovered in recent years that refer to illegal adoptions of children from families residing in the surrounding areas by the German hierarchy in order to deliver on the promise of free education.
Locals around the colony generally knew Colonia Dignidad to be made up of hygienic, hard-working individuals who led a very structured life.
The previous year, in his absence, a Chilean court had convicted him of child abuse, together with 26 other cult members.
At the time of his death he was still under investigation for the 1985 disappearance of mathematician Boris Weisfeiler, an American citizen who went missing while hiking near Colonia Dignidad.
In 1991, Chile's National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation concluded that a number of people apprehended by the DINA were held at Colonia Dignidad, and that some of the colony's residents actively helped the DINA torture some of the captives.
Some defectors from the colony have portrayed it as a cult in which the leader Paul Schäfer held the ultimate power.
There are more than 1,100 desaparecidos (disappeared persons) in Chile, many taken to the Colony where they were tortured and killed.
Then 43-year-old Weisfeiler vanished while on a hiking trip near the border between Chile and Argentina in the early part of January 1985.
In 2012, a judge in Chile ordered the arrest of eight former police and army officials over the kidnapping of Weisfeiler during the Pinochet years, citing evidence from declassified US files.
In 2016, the case was closed and the men were freed when a judge ruled that Weisfeiler had indeed been abducted, but that it was only a common crime, long past the statute of limitations, instead of a human rights violation.
One of the first instances of abuse allegations was in 1966 from escapee Wolfgang Müller, who claimed that, being only sixteen when he came to the colony, he was forced into slave labor, received regular harsh beatings, and was molested by Schäfer on multiple occasions.
The first, within the colony itself, included three containers with machine guns, automatic rifles, rocket launchers, and large quantities of ammunition, some as many as forty years old but with evidence of recent maintenance.
In January 2005, former Chilean secret police operative Michael Townley, then living in the United States under a witness-protection program, acknowledged to agents of Interpol Chile links between DINA and Colonia Dignidad.
This last laboratory would have replaced the old DINA laboratory at Vía Naranja de Lo Curro hill, where Townley worked with the chemist Eugenio Berríos.
It was suggested that part of the intense presence of racism, anti-Semitism, and classism in Chile can be attributed to Nazi presence.
The presence of Colonia Dignidad had an effect on the general political opinion of the surrounding areas, and the government as well because of this, considering the political ties between Colonia Dignidad and the Chilean government.
In June 2016, prosecutors in Germany petitioned a court to enforce a 5-year prison sentence that Hopp was sentenced to in absentia in Chile.
In 2010, Chilean authorities opened an investigation into the events occurring in the colony during the 1990s, resulting 19 months later in the Supreme Court issuing a unanimous ruling to prosecute 16 Chilean and German members of the colony.
On 28 January 2013, six former leaders of the colony were sentenced to prison, while the remaining 10 were found guilty of lesser crimes and given to probationary sentences.
At his peak, Stine was known to complete these stories extremely quickly, some of which were written in only six days.
Stine says he does not have any death in his stories, and the children in his novels are never put into situations that would be considered too serious.
Stine states he often thinks of a title to a novel first, then lets the title lead him to a story.
Two common themes in the series are children triumphing over evil and children facing horrid or frightening situations and using their own wit and imagination to escape them.
Following the success of Stine's young adult horror novels, the co-founder of Parachute Press (the company that developed the series), Joan Waricha, persuaded him to write scary books for younger children.
The series was originally aimed at girls, but both boys and girls enjoyed the series equally with half of Stine's fan mail being sent from boys.
The series continued in 2012 with new stories featuring some of the series' most memorable villains, including Slappy the Dummy, the Lawn Gnomes and others.
Following the release of the first novel in the series, the books quickly became popular, selling a million copies a month soon after they first appeared, and four million copies a month by the mid-1990s.
It is listed as the number two bestselling children's book series of all time and as Scholastic's bestselling children's book series of all time.
In 2000, the series was ranked as the number two children's books by the National Education Association, as chosen by children.
According to the ALA, a challenge is an attempt by a person or group to remove or restrict materials from a library or school curriculum.
In the hearing, most of the parents and children felt the books should not be banned, and the school district's book review committee decided to keep the books.
The TV anthology series ran for four seasons from 1995 to 1998, premiering on the Fox network on October 27, 1995.
The TV series aired in over 100 countries and it was the number one rated children's TV show for three years in the United States.
However, the film did not materialize since they could not find a script they liked or determine which book or monster to adapt.
They felt that the individual books in the series were too short to adapt into a film, so they chose instead to do a fake biographical film in which R. L. Stine writes a book and all the monsters within it become real.
It was announced in February 2014 that Dylan Minnette was cast as Zach Cooper, and Odeya Rush was cast as R. L. Stine's fictional daughter, Hannah.
In the film, which was released on October 16, 2015, Hannah's father R. L. Stine keeps all the monsters in the series locked up in his books.
When Zach unintentionally releases the monsters from the books, Zach, Hannah, and Stine team up in order to put the monsters back where they came from.
Principal photography on the film began on April 23, 2014 in Candler Park in Atlanta; they also shot the film in Conyers and Madison, Georgia.
An attraction based on the series, the Goosebumps HorrorLand Fright Show and FunHouse, opened in October 1997 at Disney-MGM Studios's New York Street.
Before it closed, the attraction consisted of a stage play which featured characters from the series; this show played five times a day.
The attraction also featured a funhouse, called the Goosebumps HorrorLand Hall of Mirrors, which contained a maze of mirrors along with other props and gags from the series.
In November 1996, Scholastic, the publisher of the series, and Parachute Press, the developer of the series, agreed to a new contract.
Scholastic claimed that Parachute Press had been making merchandising deals and issuing press releases without Scholastic's required consent, and had begun withholding payments from them.
In November 1997, Parachute responded by alleging Scholastic had repudiated its financial obligations, claiming Scholastic had voided its rights to publish 54 books.
Parachute Press filed a lawsuit, which followed with numerous other suits and counter lawsuits over who controls certain rights to the series.
In this position, influenced and affected by several different cultures on different sides, the Provençals maintained a unity which was reinforced when it was created a separate kingdom in the Carolingian decline of the later ninth century.
Provence was eventually joined to the other Burgundian kingdom, but it remained ruled by its own powerful, and largely independent, counts.
In the High Middle Ages, the title of Count of Provence belonged to local families of Frankish origin, to the House of Barcelona, to the House of Anjou and to a cadet branch of the House of Valois.
It was inherited by King Louis XI of France in 1481, and definitively incorporated into the French royal domain by his son Charles VIII in 1484.
Provence was usually a part of the division of the Frankish realm known as Kingdom of Burgundy, which was treated as its own kingdom.
Provence was ruled by a poorly known series of dukes during the period of general Carolingian unity until the Treaty of Verdun (843).
After the division of the Carolingian Empire by the Treaty of Verdun (843), the first of the fraternal rulers of the three kingdoms to die was Lothair I, who divided his middle kingdom in accordance with the custom of the Franks between his three sons.
A heritage of royal rule was thus inaugurated in Provence that, though it was often subsumed into one of its larger neighbouring kingdoms, it was just as often proclaiming its own sovereigns.
In the aftermath of the death of Louis the Blind that Provence began to be ruled by local counts placed under the authority of a margrave.
Secondly, Hugh gave the march of Vienne and duchy of Provence to Rudolf II of Burgundy in a treaty of 933.
By his marriage to Emma of Provence, daughter of Rotbold II, William III, Count of Toulouse inherited lands and castles in Provence.
Her son Pons by William III did not survive her, but her grandson did and claimed her title in opposition to the younger line of counts of Provence.
In 1112, the count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer III, married the heiress of Provence, Douce, who was the daughter of the Countess Gerberga of Provence, Gévaudan, Carladais, and part of Rodez.
In 1076, Count Raymond IV was excommunicated, but he still lent his support to Aicard, the deposed archbishop of Arles (since 1080).
With the count away on the First Crusade, the church took the opportunity to seize the balance of power in the region.
The region between the Durance, the Rhône, the Alps, and the sea was that of the county and belonged to the house of Barcelona.
Douce and Ramon Berenguer signed all charters jointly until her death in 1127, after which he alone appears as count in all charters until his death in 1131.
At that time, Douce's younger sister, Stephanie was married to Raymond of Baux, who promptly laid claim to the inheritance of her mother, even though Provence had peacefully passed into the hands of her nephew, Berenguer Ramon I.
From this point, the title of Count of Provence becomes simply one of the many hereditary titles of the French monarchy.
The only time the title was used independently following this time was by the future Louis XVIII of France, who was known as the Comte de Provence until the death of his nephew Louis XVII in 1795, when he claimed the French throne.
It continued the series of Spacelab flights to study the energy of the sun and how it affects the Earth's climate and environment.
The timing of the flight, when the Antarctic ozone hole is diminishing, allowed scientists to study possible effects of the ozone hole on mid-latitudes, the way Antarctic air recovers, and how the northern atmosphere changes as the winter season approaches.
In addition to the ATLAS-03 investigations, the mission included deployment and retrieval of the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometer Telescope for Atmosphere, or CRISTA.
Payloads located in the middeck include the Physiological & Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE/NIR-R), Protein Crystal Growth-Thermal Enclosure (PCG-TES), Protein Crystal Growth- Single Locker (PCG-STES), Space Tissue Loss/National Institute of Health (STL/NIH-C), Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) and the Heat Pipe Performance-2 Experiment (HPP-2).
STS-66 further advanced comprehensive effort to collect data about sun's energy output, chemical makeup of the Earth's middle atmosphere, and how these factors affect global ozone levels.
Also considered a primary payload was the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (CRISTA-SPAS), continuing joint NASA-German Space Agency (DARA, now the DLR) series of scientific missions.
Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS), collected nine hours of observations, measuring distribution of water vapor, chlorine monoxide and ozone at altitudes between 12 and 60 miles (20 to ), before computer malfunction halted instrument operations.
Flying at distance of about 25 to 44 miles (40 to ) behind the Shuttle, payload collected data for more than eight days before being retrieved and returned to the cargo bay.
The CRISTA instrument gathered first global information about medium and small scale disturbances in trace gases in middle atmosphere, which could lead to better models of the atmosphere and Earth's energy balance.
The second CRISTA-SPAS instrument, the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) measured amounts of ozone-destroying hydroxyl and nitric oxide in the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere from 24 to 72 miles (40 to ).
For retrieval of CRISTA-SPAS, a different approach method to the spacecraft was successfully tested as a prelude to the upcoming U.S. Shuttle/Russian Space Station Mir docking flights.
Called R-Bar approach, it is expected to save propellant while reducing risk of contamination to Mir systems from orbiter thruster jet firings.
With a submerged displacement of 48,000 tonnes, the Typhoons are the largest submarines ever built, able to accommodate comfortable living facilities for the crew when submerged for months on end.
Besides their missile armament, the Typhoon class features six torpedo tubes designed to handle RPK-2 (SS-N-15) missiles or Type 53 torpedoes.
A Typhoon-class submarine can stay submerged for 120 days in normal conditions, and potentially more if deemed necessary (e.g., in the case of a nuclear war).
Their primary weapons system is composed of 20 R-39 (NATO: SS-N-20) ballistic missiles (SLBM) with a maximum of 10 MIRV nuclear warheads each.
Typhoon-class submarines feature multiple pressure hulls, similar to the World War II Japanese , that simplifies internal design while making the vessel much wider than a normal submarine.
In the main body of the sub, two long pressure hulls lie parallel with a third, smaller pressure hull above them (which protrudes just below the sail), and two other pressure hulls for torpedoes and steering gear.
This also greatly increases their survivability – even if one pressure hull is breached, the crew members in the other are safe and there is less potential for flooding.
The project was developed with the objective to match the SLBM armament of s, capable of carrying 192 nuclear warheads, 100 kt each, but with significantly longer range.
To accommodate this increase in range, Soviet SLBMs were substantially larger and heavier than their American counterparts (the R-39 Rif is more than twice as heavy as the UGM-96 Trident I; it remains the heaviest SLBM to have been in service worldwide).
In the early 1990s, there were also proposals to rebuild some of the Typhoon-class submarines to submarine cargo vessels for shipping oil, gas and cargo under polar ice to Russia's far flung northern territories.
The submarines could take up to 10,000 tonnes of cargo on-board and ship it under the polar ice to tankers waiting in the Barents Sea.
These ships – after the considerable engineering required to develop technologies to transfer oil from drilling platforms to the submarines, and later, to the waiting tankers – would then deliver their cargo world-wide.
Names were later assigned to the four vessels retained by the Russian Navy, which were sponsored by either a city or company.
In late June 2009, the Navy Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Vladimir Vysotskiy told reporters that the two submarines would be reserved for possible future repairs and modernisation.
The reasons for decommissioning the Typhoon-class vessels are the restrictions imposed on Russia by the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty and successful trials of new Borei-class submarine.
Despite being a replacement for many types of submarines, the Borei-class submarines are slightly shorter than the Typhoon class ( as opposed to ), and have a smaller crew (107 people as opposed to 160).
In addition, the United States and Canada provided 80% of funds for scrapping the older Typhoon-class submarines, making it much more economical to build a new submarine.
However, according to other sources at the Russian defence ministry, no such decision has been made; in that case, the submarines would remain with the Russian Navy.
The objectives of the Mir Rendezvous/Flyby were to verify flight techniques, communications and navigation aid sensor interfaces, and engineering analyses associated with Shuttle/Mir proximity operations in preparation for the STS-71 docking mission.
Other objectives of the flight were to perform the operations necessary to fulfill the requirements of experiments located in SPACEHAB-3 and to fly captively, then deploy and retrieve the Spartan-204 payload.
Payloads flying aboard STS-63 included the Cryo Systems Experiment (CSE), the Shuttle Glow (GLO-2) experiment, Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS-2), the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE), the Air Force Maui Optical Site Calibration Test (AMOS) and the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX).
Original plan called for the orbiter to approach to no closer than 10 meters (33 ft) from Mir, and then complete a flyaround of the Russian space station.
However, three of the 44 orbiter Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters—small firing jets used for on-orbit maneuvering—sprang leaks prior to rendezvous.
A third leak occurred later in flight in the forward primary thruster, but the crew was able to fix the problem.
After extensive negotiations and technical information exchanges between U.S. and Russian space teams, Russians concluded close approach could be safely achieved and the STS-63 crew was given 'go' to proceed.
Ship-to-ship radio contact with Mir was achieved well ahead of time, and Titov, who had previously lived on Mir for more than a year, communicated excitedly with the three cosmonauts aboard the space station: Mir 17 Commander Alexander Viktorenko; Flight Engineer Yelena Kondakova; and Valery Polyakov, a physician who had broken Titov's record for extended time in space.
The commercially developed module was making its third flight on the Shuttle and carried 20 experiments: 11 biotechnology experiments, three advanced materials development experiments, four technology demonstrations and two pieces of supporting hardware measuring on-orbit accelerations.
A new video switch had been added to lessen the need for astronaut involvement in video operations, and an experiment interface had been added to the telemetry system to allow the experiment investigator to link directly via computer with the onboard experiment to receive data and monitor status.
Charlotte, an experimental robotic device being flown for first time, also reduced crew workload by taking over simple tasks such as changing experiment samples.
The objective of Astroculture was to validate performance of plant growth technologies in the microgravity environment of space for application to a life support system in space.
The investigation had applications on Earth, since it covered such topics as energy-efficient lighting and removal of pollutants from indoor air.
Exploiting a known tendency of spaceflight to weaken the immune system, Immune experiment tested the ability of a particular substance to prevent or reduce this weakening.
On flight day two, the crew deployed the Orbital Debris Radar Calibration System-II (ODERACS-II) to help characterize orbital debris environment for objects smaller than 10 centimeters (about four inches) in diameter.
Complement of six target objects of known dimensions and with limited orbital lifespans released into orbit and tracked by ground-based radars, allowing precise calibration of radars so they can more accurately track smaller pieces of space debris in low Earth orbit.
Also on flight day two, the crew lifted with the orbiter remote manipulator system arm the SPARTAN-204 from its support structure in payload bay.
SPARTAN-204 was later released from the arm to complete about 40 hours of free-flight, during which time its Far Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph instrument studied celestial targets in the interstellar medium, the gas and dust which fills the space between the stars and which is the material from which new stars and planets are formed.
Foale and Harris began their EVA suspended at the end of the robot arm, away from the payload bay, to test modifications to their spacesuits to keep spacewalkers warmer in the extreme cold of space.
The two astronauts were then scheduled to practice handling the approximately 2,500 pound () SPARTAN to rehearse space station assembly techniques, but both astronauts reported they were becoming very cold—this portion of the spacewalk being performed during a night pass—and mass handling was curtailed.
Other payloads: Along with ODERACS-II, Cryo System Experiment (CSE) and Shuttle Glow (GLO-2) payloads were mounted on the Hitchhiker support assembly in cargo bay; an IMAX camera was also located here.
BioServe Space Technologies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, developed the Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-1 (FGBA-1) in cooperation with Coca-Cola and several other groups.
The six rays of the Sun and the three stars on the right of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.
Astro-2 was the second dedicated Spacelab mission to conduct astronomical observations in the ultraviolet spectral regions (the first was the Astro-1 mission flown on STS-35).
The Astro-2 Spacelab consisted of three unique instruments – the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE).
These took measurements from objects within the solar system as well as individual stars, nebulae, supernova remnants, galaxies and active extragalactic objects.
The purpose of the UIT was to observe UV radiation from space (most UV radiation is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere and cannot be studied from the ground).
As STS-67 launched at a different time of year from STS-37, data was collected from portions of the sky that Astro-1 was not able to view.
On the Middeck, science experiments included the Protein Crystal Growth Thermal Enclosure System Vapor Diffusion Apparatus-03 experiment (PCG-TES-03), the Protein Crystal Growth Single Thermal Enclosure System-02 (PCG-STES-02), the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II (SAREX-II), the Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE), the Commercial Materials Dispersion Apparatus Instrumentation Technology Associates Experiments-03 (CMIX-03) and the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX).
It consisted of a rate gyro, reaction wheels, a precision pointing payload, and a scanning and pointing payload that produces motion disturbances.
On orbit, Commander Stephen S. Oswald and Pilot William G. Gregory used MACE to test about 200 different motion disturbance situations over 45 hours of testing during the mission.
These observations were made to study the structure of galactic supernova remnants, the distribution of hot gas in the Magellanic Clouds, the hot galactic halo emission, and emission associated with galactic cooling flows and jets.
The spiral galaxy, Jupiter, and the four moons (total of six space objects) as well as the seven stars of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.
After graduating from Hyde Park High in 1927, of which she was vice president of her senior class, as well as voted Belle of the Year, she spent two years at the University of Chicago, where she participated in dramatic activities, before returning to California.
Following her sophomore year in 1929, she went on summer vacation with her mother and older sister to visit family in the Los Angeles, California area.
During their lifetime together, the McCreas lived, raised their children, and rode their horses on their ranch in what was then an unincorporated area of eastern Ventura County, California.
They ultimately donated several hundred acres of their personal property to the newly formed Conejo Valley YMCA for the city of Thousand Oaks, California, both of which celebrated their 40th anniversaries in 2004.
Producers/creators Angela Santomero, Todd Kessler, and Traci Paige Johnson combined concepts from child development and early-childhood education with innovative animation and production techniques that helped their viewers learn.
The show follows an animated blue-spotted dog named Blue as she leaves a trail of clues/paw prints for the host and the viewers, in order to figure out her plans for the day.
The show's producers and creators presented material in a narrative format instead of the more traditional magazine format, used repetition to reinforce its curriculum, and structured every episode the same way.
Research was part of the creative and decision-making process in the production of the show and was integrated into all aspects and stages of the creative process.
The show's extensive use of research in its development and production process inspired several research studies that have provided evidence for its effectiveness as a learning tool.
The cable network Nickelodeon, which had been airing programs for six- to twelve-year-olds, was not legally bound by the CTA but complied with it many years before the laws and regulations were passed anyway.
Nickelodeon assigned a team of producers, Angela Santomero, Todd Kessler, and Traci Paige Johnson, to create a new U.S. television program for young children in mid-1994 using research on early childhood education and the viewing habits of preschoolers.
At first, Nickelodeon had hired Anderson as an adviser for its Nick Jr. block of preschool programs starting in 1993, although Santomero had already been getting his input about research informally.
The host's role was to empower and challenge the show's young viewers, to help increase their self-esteem, and to strongly connect with them through the television screen.
The producers originally wanted a female host, but after months of research and over 1,000 auditions, they hired actor/performer Steve Burns based on the strength of his audition.
Johnson was cast as Blue's voice because, of the show's crew, she was able to sound the most like a dog.
Nick Balaban, who wrote the music for the show along with Michael Rubin, was cast as the voice of Mr. Salt.
The series takes place inside of a picture book world in which everything is made of paper cutouts, clay, and other craft materials.
It is presented by a live-action human host who lives in a yellow house inhabited by an ensemble cast of everyday objects that talk and move.
Steve, the host, presents the audience with a puzzle involving Blue, the animated dog ... To help the audience unlock the puzzle, Blue leaves behind a series of clues, which are objects marked with one of her paw prints.
In between the discovery of the clues, Steve plays a series of games — mini-puzzles — with the audience that are thematically related to the overall puzzle ... As the show unfolds, Steve and Blue move from one animated set to another, jumping through magical doorways, leading viewers on a journey of discovery, until, at the end of the story, Steve returns to the living room.
Early episodes focused on basic subjects such as colors and numbers, but later the programs focused on math, physics, anatomy, and astronomy.
The show's producers believed that comprehension and attention were strongly connected, so they wrote the episodes to encourage and increase their viewers' attention.
Participation, in the form of spoken or physical response from the audience, and the mastery of thinking skills were encouraged by the use of repetition, both within the structure of individual episodes and across multiple episodes.
The purpose of the recurrent formats and content, which were similar in every episode, was to increase viewers' attention, comprehension, and participation during key educational lessons.
The producers believed this telecast strategy empowered young children by giving them many opportunities to master the content and problems presented to them.
In their first brainstorming sessions in 1994, Santomero, Kessler, and Johnson decided to promote mastery rather than rote learning or memorizing, make sure that their viewers knew the answers to the puzzles with which they were presented, and include elements of surprise and play.
They found that as the pilot progressed, children's attention was not only captured and sustained, but they became excited and actively participated with what they saw, to the point that they stood up to get closer to the television and spoke back to the host.
The producers and researchers also consulted outside advisers, who were chosen based on their expertise and the needs of each script.
The show was designed and produced on the assumption that, since children are cognitively active when they watch television, a show could be an effective method of scientific education for young children by telling stories through pictures and by modeling behavior and learning.
The producers wanted to foster their audience's sense of empowerment by eliciting their assistance for the show's host and by encouraging their identification with the character Blue, who served as a stand-in for the typical preschooler.
Its creators believed that if children were more involved in what they were viewing, they would attend to its content longer than previously expected—for up to a half hour—and learn more.
The length of the pauses, which was estimated from formative research, gave children enough time to process the information and solve the problem.
After pausing, child voice-overs provided the answers so that they were given to children who had not come up with the solution and helped encourage viewer participation.
Script drafts, once developed and approved by the show's creators and research team, were tested at public and private schools, day care centers, preschools, and Head Start programs by three researchers, who would narrate the story in the form of a storybook and take notes about the children's responses.
A rough video, in which the host performed from the revised script in front of a blue screen with no animation, was filmed and retested.
The script was revised based on the audiences' responses, tested a third time with animation and music added, and incorporated into future productions.
The show's creators understood that the look and visual design of the show would be integral to children's attachment with it.
The music, produced by composer Michael Rubin and pianist Nick Balaban, was simple, had a natural sound, and exposed children to a wide variety of genres and instruments.
The show's digital design department combined high-tech and low-tech methods by creating and photographing three-dimensional objects, then cutting them out and placing them into the background.
Johnson hired artist Dave Palmer and production company Big Pink to create the animation from simple materials like fabric, paper, or pipe-cleaners, and scan them into a Macintosh computer so that they could be animated using inexpensive computer software such as Media 100, Ultimatte, Photoshop and After Effects, instead of being repeatedly redrawn as in traditional animation.
The result was something that looked different from anything else on television at the time, and the producers were able to animate two episodes in eight weeks, as compared to the sixteen weeks necessary to create a single episode by traditional methods.
Their process looked like traditional cut-out animation, but was faster, more flexible, and less expensive, and it allowed them to make changes based on feedback from test audiences.
Unlike traditional animation environments, which tended to be highly structured, the animators were given information about the characters and goals of the scenes they would animate, and then given the freedom to work out the timing and look of each scene themselves, as long as their creations were true to the characters and to the story.
By 1999, the show's animation department consisted of Palmer, 20 animators, 11 digital designers, and 5 art directors and model makers.
The creators of the TV show were involved in all aspects of the live show, aiming to translate the bond between the TV show's audience and its cast to the stage and to provide young audiences with their first theatrical experience.
The creators chose Jonathan Hochwald as the live show's producer, Gip Hoppe as its director, and Dave Gallo as its set designer.
The producers were concerned with children's response to the host, who was played by Tom Mizer (a different actor than the host of the TV show), but his young audience enthusiastically accepted and embraced him.
In the United Kingdom it was hosted by Kevin Duala and the Korean version became part of pop culture in South Korea.
In 2000, it became one of the first preschool shows to incorporate American Sign Language into its content, with between five and ten signs used consistently in each episode.
The show's extensive use of research in its development and production process inspired several studies that provided evidence for its effectiveness as a learning tool.
In 1999, Anderson and a team of researchers, some of which were his colleagues at Nickelodeon, studied how episode repetition affected comprehension, audience participation, and visual attention.
The researchers tested whether repeated viewings of the show resulted in mastery over the material presented, or whether viewers would habituate or become bored.
They discovered that audience participation was lower for the first few viewings, because children paid more attention to unfamiliar material, and because it was more cognitively demanding to understand and solve the problems presented.
Nielsen ratings of the show's first season, when the same episode was shown daily, were flat over the five-day period, which indicated to Anderson that young children did not tire of its repetition or of its complexity over time.
They found that when the content of a program was new and challenging, children paid more attention, and when it was familiar, either from previous viewings or in a format they recognized, they instead interacted more.
They surmised that experienced viewers would comprehend and interact more with the recurring and familiar segments of the show designed to aid comprehension, but they found that familiarity with the structure of an individual episode did not provide experienced viewers with an advantage over the inexperienced viewers.
The 2002 studies demonstrated that experience with watching one TV series affects how children watch other programs, especially in the way they interact with them.
They also showed that since children are selective in the material they attend to and that their interaction increases with comprehension and mastery, children tend to pay more attention to novel information and interact more with material they have seen before and mastered.
They analyzed 16 episodes over two weeks for the content and frequency of the signs used and found a high incidence of ASL usage by various characters, but that it was inconsistent, especially in the connection between English words and their corresponding signs.
The researchers speculated that hearing children with no previous ASL exposure would be familiarized with ASL and the deaf by these episodes, thus reducing the stigma attached to deafness and hard of hearing individuals.
Based on other research about the positive effects of teaching ASL to hearing children, the researchers also speculated that it could lead to an increase of vocabulary skills and IQ, as well as improve interpersonal communication.
They surmised that deaf children would feel more included and less isolated and be provided with the opportunity to view positive models of ASL and deaf people.
Georgene L. Troseth and her colleagues at Vanderbilt University studied how toddlers use information gained from prerecorded video and from interactions with a person through closed-circuit video, and found that two-year-olds do not learn as much from prerecorded videos because the videos lack social cues and personal references.
Two-year-olds who viewed a pretaped video with instructions about how to find a toy in an adjoining room by a non-interactive researcher did not use the information, even though they smiled and responded to questions.
The Shuttle delivered a relief crew of two cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Nikolai Budarin to the station and recovered Increment astronaut Norman Thagard.
STS-71 marked the first docking of a Space Shuttle to a space station, the first time a Shuttle crew switched members with the crew of a station, and the 100th crewed space launch by the United States.
Together the Shuttle and station crews conducted various on-orbit joint US/Russian life science investigations with Spacelab along with the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II (SAREX-II) experiment.
The primary objectives of this flight were to rendezvous and perform the first docking between the Space Shuttle and the Russian Space Station Mir on 29 June.
Other prime objectives were on-orbit joint United States of America-Russian life sciences investigations aboard SPACELAB/Mir, logistical resupply of the Mir and recovery of US astronaut Norman E. Thagard.
STS-71 was the 100th U.S. human space launch conducted from Cape Canaveral, the first U.S. Space Shuttle-Russian Space Station docking and joint on-orbit operations; largest spacecraft ever in orbit; and the first on-orbit changeout of Shuttle crew.
The rendezvous sequence began at 15:32:19 EDT with a lift-off in-plane with Mir's orbit, at the opening of the 10 minute 19 second launch window.
The OMS 2 burn, initiated at 42 minutes 58 seconds Mission Elapsed Time, adjusted the orbit to 160 x 85.3 nautical miles.
Almost three hours later the orbit was raised to more typical values of 210 x 159 nautical miles by the OMS 3 burn.
R-bar approach allows natural forces to brake the orbiter's approach more than would occur along standard approach directly in front of the space station; also, an R-bar approach minimizes the number of orbiter jet firings needed for approach.
Closing rate was close to the targeted 0.1 foot per second (30 mm/s), being approximately 0.107 foot per second (33 mm/s) at contact.
The Orbiter Docking System (ODS) with Androgynous Peripheral Docking System served as the actual connection point to a similar interface on the docking port on Mir's Kristall module.
On the same day, the Mir 18 crew officially transferred responsibility for the station to the Mir 19 crew, and the two crews switched spacecraft.
Three Mir 18 crew members also carried out an intensive programme of exercise and other measures to prepare for re-entry into gravity environment after more than three months in space.
Inflight problems included a glitch with General Purpose Computer 4 (GPC 4), which was declared failed when it did not synchronize with GPC 1; subsequent troubleshooting indicated it was an isolated event, and GPC 4 operated satisfactorily for the remainder of mission.
This was the first shuttle mission controlled from the new mission control center room at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.
STS-70 was also the first flight of the new Block 1 orbiter main engine, designed to improve both engine performance and safety.
STS-70 had originally moved ahead of STS-71 because of a delay in the launch of the Russian Spektr laboratory module to the Russian space station Mir.
The damage consisted of about 71 holes (ranging in size from 4 inches in diameter to 1/2 inch in diameter) in the ETs thermal protection foam insulation.
The count was held for 55 seconds at T-31 sec by the Booster Range Safety Engineer (CBRS) Tod Gracom at the LCC C-5 Console due to fluctuations seen on the external tank automatic gain control (AGC) ET range safety system receiver .
Engine number 2036 featured the new high-pressure liquid oxygen turbopump, a two-duct powerhead, baffleless main injector, single-coil heat exchanger and start sequence modifications.
The primary mission was the launch and deployment of the 7th Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) by means of the two-stage Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) solid rocket.
At about 3:55 p.m., the IUS fired the first of two burns that would put TDRS-G into its proper, 22,000-mile-high geostationary orbit above the central Pacific Ocean at 178 degrees West longitude.
The deployment operations utilized 3 separate control centers; the White Sands ground station controlled the TDRS, the JSC Mission Control Center (MCC) controlled the shuttle, and the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) control center at Onizuka Air Force Base in Sunnyvale California controlled the booster stage.
The on-orbit TDRS network was rearranged and included two fully operational spacecraft occupying the TDRS East and West slots, one on-orbit fully functional spare, TDRS-1, which was nearly depleted having exceeded its planned lifetime, and the partially operational TDRS-3 spacecraft dedicated to supporting the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and providing coverage an area that can't be seen by the other satellites known as the Zone of Exclusion.
The Bioreactor Demonstration System was designed to use ground-based and space-bioreactor systems to grow individual cells into organized tissue that is morphologically and functionally similar to the original tissue or organ.
The BDS was composed of a device developed at the Johnson Space Center that used a rotating cylinder to suspend cells and tissues in a growth medium, simulating some aspects of microgravity.
Landing opportunities at The Kennedy Space Center at 7:54 am EDT and 9:31 am 21 July 1995 were waved off due to a buildup of ground fog over the Shuttle Landing Facility.
Discovery's astronauts were informed that their landing had been waved off for the day at 7:10 AM CDT after astronaut Steve Oswald, flying weather reconnaissance in a Shuttle Training Aircraft over the landing strip, reported that he could not see the three-mile-long runway from his vantage point.
Nose gear touchdown occurred at 8:02:11 am EDT (Mission Elapsed Time of 8 days 22 hours 20 minutes and 16 seconds) with wheels stop at 8:02:57 am (MET of 8 d 22 h 21 min 2 s).
An earlier KSC landing opportunity at 6:26 am EDT was waved off due to marginal yet improving weather conditions at KSC.
The 11-day mission was the second flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF), a saucer-shaped satellite that was to fly free of the Shuttle for several days.
The purpose of the WSF was to grow thin films in a near perfect vacuum created by the wake of the satellite as it moved through space.
The crew also deployed and retrieved the Spartan 201 astronomy satellite, performed a six-hour spacewalk to test assembly techniques for the international Space Station and tested thermal improvements made to spacesuits used during space walks.
The Spartan 201 mission was a scientific research effort aimed at the investigation of the interaction between the Sun and its outflowing wind of charged particles.
Spartan's goal was to study the outer atmosphere of the Sun and its transition into the solar wind that constantly flows past the Earth.
STS-69 saw the first flight of the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-1), the first of five planned flights to measure and monitor long-term variations in the magnitude of absolute extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux coming from the Sun, and to study EUV emissions from the plasma torus system around Jupiter originating from its moon Io.
This experiment consisted of the CAPL-2 Hitchhiker payload designed as an in-orbit microgravity demonstration of a cooling system planned for the Earth Observing System Program and the Thermal Energy Storage-2 payload, part of an effort to develop advanced energy generation techniques.
Also a part of this payload were several Get Away Special (GAS) experiments which investigated areas such as the interaction of spacecraft attitude and orbit control systems with spacecraft structures, fluid-filled beams as structural dampers in space and the effects of smoldering combustion in a long-term microgravity environment.
Another payload flown with a connection to the development of the Space Station was the Electrolysis Performance Improvement Concept Study (EPICS).
Supply of oxygen and hydrogen by electrolyzing water in space plays an important role in meeting NASA's needs and goals for future space missions.
Other payloads aboard were the National Institutes of Health- Cells-4 (NIH-C4) experiment that investigates bone loss during space flight; the Biological Research in Canister-6 (BRIC-6) that studies the gravity-sensing mechanism within mammalian cells.
(CMIX-4) whose objectives included analysis of cell change in microgravity along with studies of neuro-muscular development disorders and the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-7 (CGBA-7).
CGBA was a secondary payload that served as an incubator and data collection point for experiments in pharmaceuticals testing and biomedicine, bioprocessing and biotechnology, agriculture and the environment.
The TES-2 payload was designed to provide data for understanding the long-duration behavior of thermal energy storage fluoride salts that undergo repeated melting and freezing in microgravity.
The TES-2 payload was designed to study the microgravity behavior of voids in lithium fluoride–calcium fluoride eutectic, a thermal energy storage salt.
Data from this experiment would validate a computer code called TESSIM, useful for the analysis of heat receivers in advanced solar dynamic power system designs.
The crew, who spent 16 days in space, were broken up into 2 teams, the red team and the blue team.
The USML-1 mission provided new insights into theoretical models of fluid physics, the role of gravity in combustion and flame spreading, and how gravity affects the formation of semiconductor crystals.
Where possible, experiment teams refined their hardware to increase scientific understanding of basic physical processes on Earth and in space, as well as to prepare for more advanced operations aboard the International Space Station and other future space programs.
USML-2 Flight controllers and experiment scientists directed science activities from NASA's Spacelab Mission Operations Control facility at the Marshall Space Flight Center.
Other payloads on board included the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), Three Dimensional Microgravity Accelerometer (3DMA), Suppression of Transient Accelerations By Levitation Evaluation (STABLE) and the High-Packed Digital Television Technical Demonstration system.
Launch was originally scheduled for 25 September 1995 but endured six scrubbed launch attempts before its 20 October 1995 lift off.
On 7 November, engineers determined that there was no additional work needed to verify the solid rocket boosters for flight, following discovery of small cracks in the hold-down posts attached to boosters that had flown earlier that year.
Close inspections of the STS-74 stack determined that no such cracks were present on the boosters to be used for the mission.
Pad 39A was cleared on 9 November in preparation for loading of the onboard cryogenic tanks with the cryogenic oxygen and hydrogen reactants that provided electricity through the three onboard fuel cells, and water for the flight as a by-product.
The initial launch attempt, scheduled for 11 November 1995 at 7:56 am EST (12:56 UTC) was postponed due to poor weather at the Transatlantic Abort (TAL) site.
The crew was on board when the postponement was called at the T-minus 5 minute mark at approximately 7:51 am EST (12:51 UTC).
About 43 minutes after launch, a 2-minute and 13 second engine firing changed the shuttle's path into a 162 nautical mile circular orbit.
Mission specialists Jerry Ross and Bill McArthur inspected the spacesuits they would don should a spacewalk become necessary during the mating or docking operations.
The crew members also checked out the Advanced Space Vision System, a precise alignment system for the robot arm that was tested on STS-74.
The OSVS, which was used during the mating operation, consisted of a series of large dots placed on the exterior of the docking module and the docking system.
The day's schedule also included the installation and alignment of the centerline camera in the centre of the Orbiter Docking System.
Cameron, Hadfield and other available crew members also spent the morning answering questions posed by Canadian reporters located in Montreal and Toronto.
On flight day 3, the STS-74 crew members successfully mated the 15-foot Russian built docking module with the shuttle's Orbiter Docking System.
Chris Hadfield, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut and STS-74 mission specialist, used the shuttle's robot arm to hoist the docking module out of the aft portion of the payload bay, rotated it to a vertical position, and moved it to within five inches of the Orbiter Docking System.
Once the two spacecraft were locked together, the docking ring on the Orbiter Docking System retracted, and a series of hooks and latches were engaged to ensure an airtight seal between the two spacecraft.
Shortly after the capture, Commander Ken Cameron expressed the crew's appreciation for the training that prepared them for the docking module installation.
At about 3:00 am CST, the crew received a go from ground flight controllers to ungrapple the robot arm from the docking module.
The camera later provided the primary visual cue for Cameron as he maneuvered Atlantis to its docking with Mir on flight day four.
A series of rendezvous jet firings later further refined the closing rate, leading up to a docking with Mir at 06:27:38 UTC on 15 November.
The two crews greeted each other with handshakes and hugs before carrying out a traditional gift exchange, with flowers and chocolates being swapped between the crews.
This data was later analyzed on the ground to verify the use of photogrammetric techniques to characterize the structural dynamics of the array, thus demonstrating that this technology would result in cost and risk reduction for the International Space Station.
The main landing gear touched down at 12:01:27 pm EST (17:01:27 UTC) on 20 November, a mission elapsed time (MET) of 8 days 4 hours 30 minutes and 44 seconds.
A second landing opportunity had been planned in case of bad weather, for a KSC landing at 1:37 pm EST with a deorbit burn at 12:36 pm on orbit 129, but it was not required.
The nighttime launch window was in support of the mission's primary objective, the capture and return to Earth of a Japanese microgravity research spacecraft known as Space Flyer Unit (SFU).
The SFU was launched by Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) from Tanegashima Space Center in Japan on 18 March 1995 aboard a Japanese H-II rocket (HII-3), and spent ten months in orbit conducting automated research in materials science, biology, engineering, and astronomy.
Both of the satellites's solar arrays had to be jettisoned prior to retrieval when sensors indicated improper latching following their retraction.
It consisted of four experiments: Return Flux Experiment (REFLEX) to test accuracy of computer models predicting spacecraft exposure to contamination; Global Positioning System Attitude Determination and Control Experiment (GADACS) to demonstrate GPS technology in space; Solar Exposure to Laser Ordnance Device (SELODE) to test laser ordnance devices; Spartan Packet Radio Experiment (SPRE) and the Amateur Radio Association at the University of Maryland (W3EAX) amateur radio communications experiment.
On flight day four, Wakata again operated Endeavour's robot arm to deploy the Spartan, sending the experiment-laden platform on its way to a 50-hour free-flight at a distance of approximately 45 miles (72 kilometers) from the orbiter.
Two 6.5 hour spacewalks were conducted by three astronauts to test hardware and tools to be used in the assembly of the International Space Station starting in late 1998.
After taking a few minutes to acclimate themselves in the payload bay, first-time spacewalkers Chiao and Barry attached a portable work platform to the end of the robot arm, operated by Pilot Brent Jett and Mission Specialist Koichi Wakata.
Jett used the arm to grapple various pieces of hardware designed to hold large modular components, mimicking the way equipment boxes and avionics gear will be moved back and forth in assembling the Space Station.
Chiao and Barry then unfolded a cable tray diagonally across the forward portion of the cargo bay housing simulated electrical and fluid lines similar to those which would later connect modules and nodes of the Space Station.
The rigid umbilical, as it is known, was tested for its ease of handling and the ability of the astronauts to hook up the lines to connectors on the side of Endeavour's bay.
While Chiao unraveled various lengths of cable from a caddy device, Barry spent time practicing the hookup of the various cables in the rigid umbilical to connectors in the bay, testing his ability to manipulate tiny bolts and screws in weightlessness.
Other experiments onboard STS-72 included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment (SSBUV-8) (previously flown on STS-34, STS-41, STS-43, STS-45, STS-56, STS-62 and STS-66), EDFT-03, Shuttle Laser Altimeter Payload (SLA-01/GAS(5)), VDA-2, National Institutes of Health NIH-R3 Experiment, Space Tissue Loss Experiment (STL/NIH-C), Pool Boiling Experiment (PBE) (hardware previously flown on STS-47, STS-57 and STS-60) and the Thermal Energy Storage (TES-2) experiment (previously flown on STS-69).
Get Away Special payloads included the United States Air Force Academy G-342 Flexible Beam Experiment (FLEXBEAM-2), Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies' G-459 – Protein Crystal Growth Experiment and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory GAS Ballast Can with Sample Return Experiment.
The crew of STS-72 and their families were followed by a camera crew from PBS from the day they were assigned to the flight and then through their training and, finally, the mission itself.
STS-76 lasted over 9 days, traveled about while orbiting Earth an estimated 145 times, and landing at 5:28 am PST (UTC −8) on 31 March 1996 at Edwards Air Force Base runway 22.
The flight was the third Shuttle mission to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir, as part of the Shuttle-Mir Program, carrying astronaut Shannon Lucid to the orbital laboratory to replace NASA astronaut Norm Thagard.
STS-76 also carried a SPACEHAB single module along with Lucid, and on flight day 6 Linda Godwin and Michael R. Clifford performed the first U.S. spacewalk around two docked spacecraft.
Third linkup between U.S. Space Shuttle and Russian Space Station Mir highlighted by the transfer of veteran astronaut Shannon Lucid to Mir to become the first American woman to live on the station.
Her approximately four-and-a-half month stay also eclipsed long-duration U.S. spaceflight record set by the first American to live on Mir, Norm Thagard.
Lucid was succeeded by astronaut John Blaha during STS-79 in August, giving her distinction of membership in four different flight crews—two U.S. and two Russian—and her stay on Mir kicked off the continuous U.S. presence in space for the next two years.
STS-76 marked first flight of SPACEHAB pressurized module to support Shuttle-Mir dockings; single module primarily served as stowage area for large supply of equipment slated for transfer to space station, but also carried European Space Agency’s Biorack experiment rack for on-orbit research.
Actual connection between Orbiter Docking System and Docking Module attached to Kristall module docking port occurred at 9:34 pm EST, 24 March.
After two-week stay, Andre-Deshays would return to Earth with Onufrienko and Usachev while Korzun and Kaleri remained on board with Lucid.
During five days of docked operations, about 1,500 pounds (680 kilograms) of water and two tons of scientific equipment, logistical material and resupply items transferred to Mir; experiment samples and miscellaneous equipment brought over to orbiter.
Study topics included effect of microgravity and cosmic radiation on plants, tissues, cells, bacteria and insects and effects of microgravity on bone loss.
Also transferred to station were Mir Glovebox Stowage (MGBX) equipment to replenish glovebox already on station; Queen’s University Experiment in Liquid Diffusion (QUELD) flown in orbiter middeck locker; and High Temperature Liquid Phase Sintering (LPS) experiment.
On flight day six, Godwin and Clifford conducted what some claim to be the first U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) around two mated spacecraft.
Other payloads: Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX); KidSat, a project that gives middle school students opportunity to participate in space exploration; and Trapped Ions in Space (TRIS), a Naval Research Laboratory experiment flown in Get Away Special canister in cargo bay.
The mission began from launch pad 39B from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 19 May 1996 lasting 10 days and 40 minutes and completing 161 revolutions before landing on runway 33.
A suite of four technology experiments known as the Technology Experiments for Advancing Missions in Space (TEAMS) also flew in the Shuttle's payload bay.
The SPACEHAB single module carried nearly of experiments and support equipment for 12 commercial space product development payloads in the areas of biotechnology, electronic materials, polymers and agriculture as well as several experiments for other NASA payload organizations.
The Goddard Space Flight Center's (GSFC) Spartan-207 satellite was used to deploy and test the Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE) which laid the groundwork for future technology development in inflatable space structures.
Secondary experiments on the flight included the Brilliant Eyes Ten Kelvin Sorption Cryocooler Experiment (BETSCE), the Aquatic Research Facility (ARF) and the Biological Research In a Canister (BRIC) experiment.
Investigations on plant growth in micro-gravity as well as research on the feasibility of agriculture in space were successfully carried out.
A Coca-Cola fountain dispenser (officially a Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-2 or FGBA-2) was developed for use on STS-77 as a test bed to determine if carbonated beverages can be produced from separately stored carbon dioxide, water and flavored syrups and determine if the resulting fluids can be made available for consumption without bubble nucleation and resulting foam formation.
The two red portions of the NASA logo on the left of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.
The Piazza dei Miracoli (; ), formally known as Piazza del Duomo (), is a walled 8.87-hectare area located in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, recognized as an important centre of European medieval art and one of the finest architectural complexes in the world.
The massive bronze main doors were made in the workshops of Giambologna, replacing the original doors destroyed in a fire in 1595.
The original central door was of bronze, made around 1180 by Bonanno Pisano, while the other two were probably of wood.
Also in the façade is found the tomb of Buscheto (on the left side) and an inscription about the foundation of the Cathedral and the victorious battle against the Saracens.
At the east end of the exterior, high on a column rising from the gable, is a modern replica of the Pisa Griffin, the largest Islamic metal sculpture known, the original of which was placed there probably in the 11th or 12th century, and is now in the Cathedral Museum.
Although it is said that the mosaic was done by Cimabue, only the head of St. John was done by the artist in 1302, his last work, since he died in Pisa the same year.
The cupola, at the intersection of the nave and transept, was decorated by Riminaldi showing the assumption of the Blessed Virgin.
Galileo is believed to have formulated his theory about the movement of a pendulum by watching the swinging of the incense lamp (not the present one) hanging from the ceiling of the nave.
The granite Corinthian columns between the nave and the aisle came originally from the mosque of Palermo, captured by the Pisans in 1063.
The pulpit is supported by plain columns (two of which are mounted on lion's sculptures) on one side and by caryatids and a telamon on the other: the latter represent St. Michael, the Evangelists, the four cardinal virtues flanking the Church, and a bold, naturalistic depiction of a naked Hercules.
It does not lie in its original position, which was nearer the main altar, and the columns and panels are not original.
The upper part has nine narrative panels showing scenes from the New Testament, carved in white marble with a chiaroscuro effect and separated by figures of prophets: the Annunciation, the Massacre of the Innocents, the Nativity, Adoration of the Magi, the Flight into Egypt, the Crucifixion, and two panels of the Last Judgement.
The church also contains the bones of St. Ranieri, Pisa's patron saint, and the tomb of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, carved by Tino da Camaino in 1315.
That tomb, originally in the apse just behind the main altar, was disassembled and moved many times over the centuries for political reasons.
While the sarcophagus is still in the Cathedral, some of the statues were put in the Camposanto or in the top of the church's façade.
Between the tenth century and 1749, when the Tuscan calendar was reformed, Pisa used its own calendar, in which the first day of the year was March 25, the feast day of the Annunciation of Mary.
The exact moment is determined by a ray of sun that, through a window on the left side, falls on an egg-shaped marble, just above the pulpit by Giovanni Pisano; this occurs at noon.
Some relics brought back during the Crusades can also be found in the Cathedral: alleged remains of three Saints (Abibo, Gamaliel, and Nicodemus), and a vase that is said to be one of the jars of Cana.
The building, as have several in Pisa, has tilted slightly since its construction, though not nearly to the extent of the nearby Tower.
the construction was not, however, finished until the 14th century, when the loggia, the top storey and the dome were added in Gothic style by Nicola Pisano and Giovanni Pisano.
It is the largest baptistery in Italy, with a circumference measuring 107.25 m. Taking into account the statue of St. John the Baptist (attributed to Turino di Sano) atop the dome, it is even a few centimetres taller than the Leaning Tower.
The portal, facing the façade of the cathedral, is flanked by two classical columns, while the inner jambs are executed in the Byzantine style.
The lintel is divided into two tiers, the lower one depicting several episodes in the life of St. John the Baptist, and the upper one showing Christ between the Madonna and St. John the Baptist, flanked by angels and the evangelists.
The bronze sculpture of St. John the Baptist at the centre of the font is a remarkable work by Italo Griselli.
The pulpit was sculpted between 1255-1260 by Nicola Pisano, father of Giovanni Pisano, the artist who produced the pulpit in the Duomo.
The scenes on the pulpit, and especially the classical form of the naked Hercules, show at best Nicola Pisano's abilities as the most important precursor of Italian renaissance sculpture by reinstating antique representations.
The last of the three major buildings on the piazza to be built, construction of the bell tower began in 1173 and took place in three stages over the course of 177 years, with the bell-chamber only added in 1372.
Five years after construction began, when the building had reached the third floor level, the weak subsoil and poor foundation led to the building sinking on its south side.
In 1272, to adjust the lean of the building, when construction resumed, the upper floors were built with one side taller than the other.
This walled cemetery is said to have been built around a shipload of sacred soil from Calvary, brought back to Pisa from the Fourth Crusade by Ubaldo de' Lanfranchi, the archbishop of Pisa in the 12th century.
On 27 July 1944, incendiary bombs dropped by Allied aircraft set the roof of the building on fire and covered them in molten lead, all but destroying them.
Since 1945, restoration works have been going on and now the Campo Santo has been brought back to its original state.
Built in 1257 by Giovanni di Simone over a preexisting smaller hospital, the function of this hospital was to help pilgrims, poor, sick people, and abandoned children by providing a shelter.
The hospital exterior was constructed with brick walls with two-light windows in gothic style; the hospital interior was painted in two colours, black and white, to imitate the marble colours of the other buildings.
In 1562, during the time when the Medici dominated the city, the hospital was restructured according to Florentine renaissance canons; all the doors and windows were modified with new rectangular ones encased in grey sandstone.
Since 1976, the middle part of the building contains the Sinopias Museum, where original drawings of the Campo Santo frescoes are kept.
They have been built in different periods, with the main building dating back to at least the 14th century and the latest to the 19th century.
Originally these houses belonged to the workmen of the cathedral complex: the tailor, the gardener, the bell ringers, etc., until the 19th century when the administration offices of the Opera della Primaziale were moved in.
In the course of time the complex was rearranged several times but the façade of the main building still conserves its original aspect.
In the first years of the 21st century the administration offices and the chapter moved again to a nearby palace close to the archbishopric.
The most interesting rooms open to the public are the President room, the Deputation room, the chapel and the Chapter room.
STS-78 was the fifth dedicated Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission for the Space Shuttle program, flown partly in preparation for the International Space Station project.
Once in orbit, the crew entered the 40 foot (13 m) long pressurised Spacelab module to commence over 40 science experiments to take place during the mission.
Not only did these experiments make use of the module's laboratory, but also employed lockers in the middeck section of the Shuttle.
Thirteen of the experiments were dedicated to studying the effects of microgravity on the human body, whilst another six studied the behaviour of fluids and metals in the almost weightless environment and the production of metallic alloys and protein crystals.
The crew also carried out the first ever comprehensive study of sleep patterns in microgravity, research into bone and muscle loss in space, and in-flight fixes to problem hardware on the Bubble, Drop and Particle Unit (BDPU), designed to study fluid physics.
The mission also featured a test of a procedure that was later used during the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission to raise the telescope's altitude without damaging the satellite's solar arrays.
The issue did not compromise astronaut safety because there was a hot gas path through the motors field joint but not the capture joint.
Due to the issue, STS-79 which was meant to dock with the Space Station Mir and return astronaut Shannon Lucid, was delayed.
Options of returning Shannon on a Soyuz were considered, but never followed through as the Shuttle was considered safe and able to return Shannon.
Tijuana bibles (also known as eight-pagers, Tillie-and-Mac books, Jiggs-and-Maggie books, jo-jo books, bluesies, blue-bibles, gray-backs, and two-by-fours) were palm-sized pornographic comic books produced in the United States from the 1920s to the early 1960s.
Others made use of characters based on popular movie stars, and sports stars of the day, such as Mae West, Clark Gable and Joe Louis, sometimes with names thinly changed.
Before World War II, almost all the stories were humorous and frequently were cartoon versions of well-known dirty jokes that had been making the rounds for decades.
The subjects are explicit sexual escapades usually featuring well-known newspaper comic strip characters, movie stars, and (rarely) political figures, invariably used without respect for either copyright or libel law and without permission.
The typical bible was an eight-panel comic strip in a wallet-sized with black print on cheap white paper and running eight pages in length.
Tillie was soon followed by Winnie Winkle, Dumb Dora, Dixie Dugan, Fritzi Ritz, Ella Cinders, and other familiar comic strip characters stamped in the same mold.
Popeye and Blondie were the most popular cartoon characters appearing in Tijuana bibles in the 1930s, judging by the number of their appearances.
The first celebrity bibles were based on real-life newspaper tabloid sex scandals such as the Peaches and Daddy Browning case which made headlines in 1926.
Ten years later, an entire series of bibles by one unknown artist obscenely lampooned Wallis Simpson and the King of England.
By far the most popular celebrity character was Mae West, but virtually every major Hollywood star of the era was featured in the Tijuana bibles, obscenely and libelously.
A popular comic strip character such as Tillie or Blondie might appear in as many as 40 different eight-pagers drawn by ten different artists.
The ten book series format was dictated by the limitations of the printing equipment used to print the bibles, which made it convenient to print a set of ten titles at a time, side by side on a large sheet which was then cut into strips, collated, folded, and stapled.
Typically, a new set of ten would be issued every couple of months, all drawn by the same artist, featuring ten different cartoon characters or celebrities.
Only 42 bibles are known by collectors to have been issued in this style, and most of them were soon being reprinted in truncated eight-page versions.
In addition to comic strip characters and celebrities, many bibles featured nameless stock characters like cab drivers, firemen, traveling salesmen (and farmer's daughters), icemen, maids, and the like.
Tijuana bibles were sold under the counter for 25 cents in places where men congregated: barrooms, bowling alleys, garages, tobacco shops, barber shops, and burlesque houses.
Comics artist and historian Art Spiegelman notes that records do not seem to exist of prosecutions against publishers and artists for making Tijuana bibles; the cartoonist added, however, that authorities occasionally seized shipments and people selling Tijuana bibles.
Old newspaper crime stories seem to indicate that most bibles were the product of a fairly small group of independent small businessmen with their own printing presses, invariably springing up again in a new location after a police raid shut them down.
These businessmen manufactured a variety of pornographic products, including pornographic playing cards, gag greeting cards, and film reels, and created their own underground distribution routes around the United States.
In the early days, Tijuana bibles could be shipped in bulk around the country through commercial express offices, usually the Railway Express Agency firm.
When the mails were used, complex schemes were used to foil postal inspectors, involving mail-forwarding, one-time use postal boxes, and non-existent addresses.
The high success rate of the postal authorities in defeating these schemes is the main reason that bibles were generally sold locally rather than through the mails.
When a seller was arrested and prosecuted for violating a local ordinance, the penalties were far lower than if a federal offense was committed; usually a seller got off with a 30-day sentence, a $100 fine, or probation after a local arrest, at least on a first offense.
Easy access to commercial shipping was suddenly cut off in the mid-1930s, so manufacturers began driving the products themselves to various underground depots around the country in cars and vans, taking advantage of a loophole making it not a federal crime (at that time) to take pornography across state lines in a private vehicle.
The small size of the bibles made them easy to transport; 50,000 bibles could fit in the trunk of a car.
Clandestine distribution centers were located in basements, lofts, and back alley garages in a chain of large cities on an east-west axis from New York City to Kansas City, loosely following the route of the old National Road and generally avoiding the South and New England which were regarded as dangerous places to be arrested for pornography.
Business was always done on a strictly cash basis, with generous discounts for bulk purchases to the local distributors who then resold them to retail vendors.
But the number of new Tijuana bible titles being produced took a nosedive at the beginning of World War II, and the industry never recovered.
Factors in the decline of the Tijuana bibles at this time may have included police raids and the retirement of Doc Rankin, who was called up by the military at the beginning of the war, along with wartime shortages of paper and printing supplies.
Printing plates of older bibles were worn down through continued reprintings until they were nearly blank, and original plates lost in police raids had to be replaced with new plates crudely recut by hamfisted, untrained amateur engravers.
When the business was revived after the war, the quality of new bibles was dismal: both poorly drawn and badly printed.
Mr. Dyslexic, the leading artist of the postwar era, was possessed of an almost staggering lack of drawing talent matched only by his bad taste and ignorance of the English language.
Morse was the only major Tijuana bible artist who did not parody the newspaper comic strips, preferring to create his own characters.
A number of books have alleged that freelance cartoonist Doc Rankin was the creator of hundreds of Tijuana bibles in the 1930s, although this remains unproven.
During World War II, with the production of new Tijuana bible titles shut down, Shomer employed Wesley Morse to produce hundreds of unsigned and uncredited cartoons, illustrations, cover art and advertisements for his line of digest-sized newsstand joke books, Larch Publications.
In addition to his identification of Rankin, Legman also claimed to know that one of the major Tijuana bible artists was a woman.
A declassified FBI memorandum from the early 1940s confirms that they knew one of the main artists to be a woman, but the artist's name has been redacted from the document.
It is likely that the artist referred to was Blackjack, who has never been positively identified but may possibly have been Legman's acquaintance, the erotic illustrator Clara Tice.
fits right in to the 1938 story arc in which Little Orphan Annie and her grownup friend Rose Chance tried to beat the Depression by starting a doughnut-making business.
Blackjack's two baseball-themed bibles, featuring New York Yankees Joe Dimaggio, Lou Gehrig and Lefty Gomez, show a good awareness of the latest tabloid gossip about the Yankees' love lives as of spring training 1937, although the pairing of Lou Gehrig with Mae West seems to be purely a figment of Blackjack's imagination.
Zilch was an early and witty creator of mid-1930s, rivaling Mr. Prolific in talent, popularity, and productivity, who may have been Doc Rankin.
Rankin had a studio in midtown Manhattan, directly across the street from Macy's department store, where he produced commercial artwork on commission, so there is the possibility that assistants were involved.
Commentators have claimed to discern the styles of from a dozen to twenty different artists who produced 10 or more bibles during their heyday, with the most productive artists (Mr. Prolific and Elmer Zilch) each drawing from 150 to 200 titles; followed by the output of Wesley Morse, Blackjack, and Mr. Dyslexic, who each produced about half that many.
There were also two anonymous artists in the 1950s who each drew about 60 to 80 cheaply produced titles, sold for a dime each to a clientele which allegedly consisted largely of high school boys.
A few observers believe that Mr. Prolific and Elmer Zilch may even have been the same artist working in two different styles to vary his output and extend his shelf life.
The total number of distinct stories produced is unknown but has been estimated by Art Spiegelman to be between 700 and 1,000.
In 1930 the sale of two Tijuana bibles for 25 cents each, at the barber shop in the sleepy mountain hamlet of Dover Plains, was front page news.
The affair was uncovered when a maiden aunt, going through her 17-year-old nephew's clothes to prepare them for the wash, discovered the bibles in the back pocket of his jeans, and notified the police.
The guilty barber blamed a mysterious stranger from Poughkeepsie who had supplied him with the merchandise (never identified, but possibly Abe Rubin, a pioneering Tijuana bible distributor, who was arrested in the nearby village of Wingdale in 1932).
The earliest known Tijuana bible arrest occurred in Terre Haute in 1926, when a cache of bibles was discovered in a student's school locker at Wiley High School.
Further inquiry led to a search of the printing offices conducted by Jackson Jewett, under the name of the Jewett Printing Company, where a number of zinc etchings, from which the strips were printed, together with a quantity of booklets, bound and ready for distribution, were seized.
According to the FBI, four tons of material were ready to ship across the country, and seven tons had already gone out and were being rounded up at regional distribution centers in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Cleveland/Akron, Indianapolis, and Kansas City.
During the 1939 World's Fair, men selling pornographic booklets on the midway at the fair were trailed to a warehouse near the Brooklyn Navy Yard where David Brotman and Ben Reisberg were arrested and a cache was seized of 350,000 printed items and photos and 50,000 condoms, along with printing plates.
Collectors have estimated that as many as 50,000 copies would be produced of a single title in this period, and distributed around the country through an underground network of independent local and regional distributors, many of them former bootleggers.
A local distributor such as Andrew Hepler in Northern Virginia or Frank Lang in Pittsburgh would typically buy them in bulk batches of 20,000 or more as new product became available (typically 10 or 20 new titles), break the shipment into packets of 100 or so bibles, and drive around the distribution territory dropping them off at pool halls, gas stations, barber shops, and taverns.
If the distributor did not cross a state line while making his rounds, it was very difficult to charge him (or her, in a few cases) with a Federal offense, although in the Hepler case authorities were able to sentence him to five years in the Atlanta Penitentiary—not for distributing pornography, but on the charge that he had cheated his business partner on the proceeds.
In New York City, police raids on the business were carried out at intervals for decades, usually at the instigation of John S. Sumner and the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, which closely watched the trade in pornography in the city during the years of its existence.
In Boston, this function was carried out by the Watch and Ward Society, which exchanged information with Sumner's organization in New York to coordinate their efforts.
Mary Hubbert Ellis, a Primitive Methodist minister, assembled an ad hoc coalition and terrorized the local smut industry with a series of raids for two years until her enemies and their lawyers were finally able to turn the tables and force her to leave town.
A large file of specimen bibles was maintained at FBI headquarters, eventually comprising over 5,000 items, for the purpose of tracing printers and distributors.
As a result of the 1942 raids the FBI came into possession of thousands of engraved printing plates used to print the original bibles; these gathered dust in a storage cabinet at FBI headquarters for years awaiting a final decision on their destruction.
Sally finds it flattering and keeps it as a reminder of her past sex appeal, but Laurie finds the comic obscene.
The same Tijuana bible is later given away as a gift, owing to its present nature as a collector's novelty item.
His protagonist Billy is a young artist out looking for work who is offered a job illustrating them by a printer and a mobster.
The theme is reminiscent of a real-life episode described by Eisner about being asked by a shady Brooklyn businessman to draw for the publications at a rate of $3 a page, which was good money at the time.
Joe Friday breaking up a high school smut ring which includes a teenage boy (played by Martin Milner) selling eight-pagers out of his school locker.
A popular but erratic student prone to delinquency and alcohol abuse, Ray spent much of his adolescence with his older sister in Chicago, Illinois, where he immersed himself in the Al Capone-era nightlife and attended Waller High School.
With strong grades in English and public speaking and failures in Latin, physics, and geometry, he graduated at the bottom (ranked 152nd in a class of 153) of his class at La Crosse Central High School in 1929.
He studied drama at La Crosse State Teachers College (now the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse) for two years before earning the requisite grades to matriculate at the University of Chicago in the fall of 1931.
Although he spent only one semester at the institution because of excessive drinking and poor grades, Ray managed to cultivate relationships with Frank Lloyd Wright and dramatist Thornton Wilder, then a professor.
An almost impressionistic take on film noir, it was notable for its extreme empathy for society's young outsiders, a recurring motif in Ray's oeuvre.
His staging of the robbery of a bank, all seen by the lad in the pick-up car, makes a fine clip of agitating film.
The former was a Western starring Joan Crawford and Mercedes McCambridge in action roles of the kind customarily played by men.
During filming it was rumored that Ray began a short-lived affair with Wood, who at age 16 was 27 years his junior.
This created a tense atmosphere between Ray and Dennis Hopper, who was also involved with Wood at the time, but they were reconciled later.
Some biographers state that Ray — whom they allege to have begun to sexually experiment with men during his stint at the University of Chicago — was bisexual.
A heavy user of drugs and alcohol, Ray found himself increasingly shut out of the Hollywood film industry in the early 1960s, though he continued working.
When Ray proved to be irascible and amassed an expensive telephone bill, Hopper helped him secure a visiting lecturer position at the State University of New York at Binghamton in upstate New York.
An early version of the film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973, but Ray, never satisfied with the project, continued editing it until his death in 1979.
With the help of old friends, he would eventually secure teaching positions at the Lee Strasberg Institute and New York University, where he mentored graduate student Jim Jarmusch.
It was the first shuttle mission to rendezvous with a fully assembled Mir, and the fourth rendezvous of a shuttle to the space station.
This spaceflight was highlighted by the collection of American astronaut Shannon Lucid after 188 days in space, the first American crewmember exchange aboard the Russian Space Station Mir, and the fourth Shuttle-Mir docking.
Succeeding her on Mir for an approximately four-month stay was John Blaha, who returned in January 1997 with the STS-81 crew.
STS-79 also marked the second flight of the SPACEHAB module in support of a Shuttle-Mir docking and the first flight of the SPACEHAB Double Module configuration.
The aft portion of the double module housed the logistics equipment to be transferred to Mir, which included food, clothing, experiments, supplies, and spare equipment.
Three experiments were also transferred: the Biotechnology System (BTS) for study of cartilage development; the Material in Devices as Superconductors (MIDAS) experiment to measure electrical properties of high-temperature superconductor materials; and the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), containing several smaller experiments, including self-contained aquatic systems.
During her approximately six-month stay on Mir, Lucid conducted research in the following fields: advanced technology, Earth sciences, fundamental biology, human life sciences, microgravity research and space sciences.
Specific experiments included: Environmental Radiation Measurements to ascertain ionizing radiation levels aboard Mir; Greenhouse-Integrated Plant Experiments, to study effect of microgravity on plants, specifically dwarf wheat; and Assessment of Humoral Immune Function During Long-Duration Space Flight, to gather data on effect of long-term spaceflight on the human immune system and involving collection of blood serum and saliva samples.
Some of this research was conducted in the newest and final Mir module, Priroda, which arrived at station during Lucid's stay.
Flying for first time was the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS), an experiment rack designed to cushion payloads from vibration and other disturbances.
A similar maneuver was made at end of second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, STS-82, to re-boost Hubble to a higher orbit while still in orbiter payload bay.
In 1818, King John VI was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire.
A royal decree authorized the Canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland, to establish a colony of 100 Swiss families in the Morro Queimado Farm, in Cantagalo District, a place with climate and natural characteristics similar to those in their country.
Following the Independence of Brazil in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting European colonization.
Eighty German families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of Bahia, for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived on the 3 and 4 May 1824.
Similar arrivals of Italians, Portuguese and a minority of Syrians led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890.
In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, to allow for the flow of the coffee from Cantagalo.
Agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day.
Of similar importance was the relative proximity to Niterói and Rio de Janeiro and the improvement of transport and communication links such as paved roads and telegraph.
This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, became the main source of income for the city.
Nova Friburgo was affected by the 2011 Brazilian floods on 11 January with mudslides causing at least 820 deaths and more than 200 people to go missing in the biggest natural disaster in the history of Brazil.
Nova Friburgo has a highland tropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb), with fresh and dry winters and humid and mild summers.
The hottest temperature ever recorded was in October 15, 1948, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was in August 8, 2014.
However, there are also attractions more distant to the center, which are appreciated by those who are interested in ecotourism and adventure sports like rafting and canoeing.
Nova Friburgo is known as the national capital of the undergarment industry, due to the vast production and variety of models, and the local brands begin to compete in the international market.
Agriculture is important in the area of olericulture and goat raising, as well as in the production of flowers, of which the municipality is the second largest producer in the country, surmounted only by Holambra, in the state of São Paulo.
Likewise, the landing, which was originally scheduled for 5 December, was pushed back to 7 December after bad weather prevented landing for two days.
Although two spacewalks were planned for the mission, they were both canceled after problems with the airlock hatch prevented astronauts Tom Jones and Tammy Jernigan from exiting the orbiter.
It performed without problems for its flight, taking 422 observations of almost 150 astronomical bodies, ranging from the moon to extra-galactic stars and a quasar.
Being the second flight of ORFEUS-SPAS II allowed for more sensitive equipment, causing it to provide more than twice the data of its initial run.
Wake Shield was designed and built by the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center at the University of Houston in conjunction with its industrial partner, Space Industries, Inc.
Among the experiments conducted were analysis of bacteria growth on food in orbit, crystal growth in space, and microgravity's effect on a pendulum.
The Commercial MDA ITA Experiment were a variety of experiments submitted by high school and middle school students sponsored by Information Technology Associates.
Further progress was delayed while two windows on the orbiter were replaced; NASA feared that they might be susceptible to breakage after seven and eight flights.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
The Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA), is in charge of environmental protection and of the study, planning, and management of the Nicaragua's natural resources.
The president at the time, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, rejected the idea and threatened the group with harsh reprisals if they met again.
By the mid-1980s, MARENA was receiving aid and advice from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Soviet Union, France, the Netherlands, Cuba, Mexico, the Organization of American States, the United Nations Environment Programme, and individual United States citizens.
MARENA initiates and manages programs in reforestation, watershed management, pollution control, wildlife conservation, national parks, and the conservation of genetic diversity.
In 1981, MARENA found that half of water sources they sampled were seriously polluted by sewage and that 70,000 pounds of raw sewage was released into Lake Managua each day.
This was in response to Nicaragua being a world leader in the export of rare and endangered species such as White-lipped peccaries, White-tailed deer, hawksbill turtles, freshwater otters, jaguars, ocelots, and margays.
Brother Edwin joined them later and by the late 1920s air travel had become an important means of transportation with Winnipeg becoming a hub for travel to the booming west.
At the end of the war, MacDonald Bros. became an important repair and overhaul centre for the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Their location at the centre of the country lowered the average travel cost for aircraft to the factories, as well as providing aviation jobs in the Canadian west.
The company was an important supplier of accessories for jet engines, building the exhaust pipes for the Avro CF-100 Canuck and later becoming the primary maintenance depot for the aircraft.
During the 1950s and 60s Bristol built on their experience in precision sheet metal work to become a major supplier of hot section components for various engine manufacturers.
In the second half of the 1950s Bristol was selected to build several test rocket airframes for CARDE's ongoing research into high-power solid fuel propellants.
As a result of this work, Bristol entered into a partnership with Aerojet General and became Bristol Aerojet the same year.
A purchase by the Royal Air Force for rocket motors was completed recently along with the sale of 200 redundant launchers that were in long term storage.
As of January 2010, the company has lost contracts with several countries and militaries around the world, thus causing layoffs at the Rockwood plant.
Their resulting proposal was accepted and both the Canadian and USAF F-101s were modified by Bristol, doubling the lifetime of the engines.
In 1967 the parent Bristol Aeroplane, whose UK aircraft construction division had been incorporated into the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) in 1960, was purchased for its Bristol-Siddeley engine business by Rolls-Royce, and renamed Bristol Aerospace.
In the late 1960s, and the early 1970s under the joint U.S.-Canadian project known as the Meteorological Data Sounding System (MDSS) the company developed meteorological sounding rockets for the U.S. Army and other user agencies, such as U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
During the 1970s the company continued to be involved in overhaul and maintenance work, and the CRV7 became a major product line.
The concept for the Wire Strike Protection System (WSPS) evolved from a tragic helicopter crash in Italy in April 1976 where 444 Squadron CH-136 Kiowa helicopters were conducting rescue missions following the earthquake in northern Italy.
Maj Andre Seguin, then a flight commander with 444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron out of Lahr, West Germany conceived the wire protection system following a fatal wirestrike.
The Unit CO tried to get formal recognition for Seguin for the concept during late 1976, but there was no meaningful support from the Canadian headquarters.
In January 1987, Bristol was awarded the maintenance contract for the Canadian Forces Canadair CF-5 fleet, as a consolation contract for losing the more lucrative and longer-term CF-18 maintenance and overhaul contract to Canadair.
Afterward Bristol was contracted to sell off the redundant aircraft to other interested air forces and offered to include a major upgrade to the avionics system.
Bristol brokered a deal in 1996 for the purchase of ten single-seat and three dual-seat CF-5s by the Botswana Defence Force, but this was the only sale to be made.
The company returned the two CF-5D demonstration aircraft to CFB Trenton (for storage) in March 2004, ending over 70 years of aircraft repair and overhaul.
In June 1997 Rolls-Royce plc sold Bristol for $62,500,000 to Magellan Aerospace, a corporation formed by the merger of a number of Canadian and US aerospace firms.
Since then Magellan has accelerated its consolidation of the various divisions located in Canada, the United States and Britain under the Magellan 'brand' logo reducing the visibility and independence of Bristol Aerospace.
Staffing at the Winnipeg plant is now under 600 people while the Rockwood facility in Stony Mountain is approximately 50 personnel.
Following the sale of Fox Family Worldwide (renamed ABC Family Worldwide) including Saban Entertainment (renamed BVS Entertainment) to Disney by Haim Saban and News Corporation, Fox Network's parent company, the show was moved in the fall 2002 to ABC's new Saturday morning block, ABC Kids (formerly Disney's One Saturday Morning on ABC).
The series follows the adventure of Cole Evans, who had been staying with a tribe in a jungle for many years, as he tries to find his destiny in the town of Turtle Cove.
He encounters the Animarium, an island shaped like a sea turtle floating in the sky, which many believed to exist only in fairy tales, and is the home of the Wild Zords, and the Rangers' mentor, Princess Shayla.
As the series continues, he finds out the truth about his real parents, Richard and Elizabeth Evans, who were professors at Turtle Cove University, along with a family friend, Dr. Viktor Adler, who was secretly in love with Elizabeth.
When they were sent to the jungle for research, they discover the remains of Master Org, in which a jealous Adler consumes in order to exact revenge on Richard, who had proposed to Elizabeth before he could.
He has made two appearances for Munster Rugby in the Celtic League, but was released by Munster at the end of the 2008/2009 season.
Rudolf Karl Bultmann (; 20 August 1884 – 30 July 1976) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of the New Testament at the University of Marburg.
Bultmann is known for his belief that the historical analysis of the New Testament is both futile and unnecessary, given that the earliest Christian literature showed little interest in specific locations.
Bultmann contended that only faith in the kerygma, or proclamation, of the New Testament was necessary for Christian faith, not any particular facts regarding the historical Jesus.
After three terms, Bultmann went to the University of Berlin for two terms, and finally to Marburg for two more terms.
He received his degree in 1910 from Marburg with a dissertation on the Epistles of St Paul, written under the supervision of Johannes Weiss.
After brief lectureships at Breslau and Giessen, Bultmann returned to Marburg in 1921 as a full professor, and stayed there until his retirement in 1951.
From autumn 1944 until the end of the Second World War in 1945 he took into his family Uta Ranke-Heinemann, who had fled the bombs and destruction in Essen.
Bultmann became friends with Martin Heidegger who taught at Marburg for five years, and Heidegger's views on existentialism had an influence on Bultmann's thinking.
In 1941 Bultmann applied form criticism to the Gospel of John, in which he distinguished the presence of a lost Signs Gospel on which John — alone of the evangelists — depended.
His argument, in many ways, reflected a hermeneutical adaption of the existentialist thought of his colleague at the time, the philosopher Martin Heidegger.
Bultmann believed his endeavors in this regard would make accessible to modern audiences — already immersed in science and technology — the significance (or existential quality) of Jesus' teachings.
A blind acceptance of New Testament mythology would be simply arbitrariness; to make such acceptance a demand of faith would be to reduce faith to a work.
Bultmann saw theology in existential terms, and maintained that the New Testament was a radical text, worthy of understanding yet questioned in his time because of the prevailing Protestant conviction in a supernatural interpretation.
Bultmann remained convinced that the narratives of the life of Jesus offered theology in story form, teaching lessons in the familiar language of myth.
Some scholars, such as Craig L. Blomberg, criticized Bultmann and other critics for excessive skepticism regarding the historical reliability of the gospel narratives.
The Football League Fourth Division was the fourth-highest division in the English football league system from the 1958–59 season until the creation of the Premier League prior to the 1992–93 season.
Whilst the division disappeared in name in 1992, the 4th tier of English football continued as the Football League Third Division, and later became known as Football League Two.
The Fourth Division was created in 1958 alongside a new Third Division by merging the regionalised Third Division North and Third Division South.
The original economic reasons for having the two regional leagues had become less apparent and thus it was decided to create two national leagues at levels three and four.
The 12 best teams of each regional league in 1957–58 went into the Third Division, and the rest became founder members of the Fourth Division.
Before 1987, the top four teams were promoted to the Third Division and the bottom four teams were subject to a re-election vote by other league clubs to determine whether they would remain in the league.
Automatic relegation to the Conference was introduced in 1987, the same year the fourth promotion place began to be decided through a play-off.
The highest attendance at an individual match was recorded the same season: 37,774 for the Good Friday game at Selhurst Park between Crystal Palace and Millwall.
Sylvain Mizrahi (born February 14, 1951), known professionally as Sylvain Sylvain, is an American rock guitarist, most notable for being a member of the New York Dolls.
Sylvain was born in Cairo, Egypt, to a Jewish family, but his family fled in the 1950s, first to France and finally to New York, United States.
The Mizrahis lived first on Lafayette Avenue in Buffalo, New York, but later moved to the New York City neighborhood of Rego Park, Queens, while he was still a child.
Before joining the New York Dolls in 1971, Sylvain was a member of the band Actress, which also featured Arthur Kane, Johnny Thunders and former fashion partner, Billy Murcia.
He started his own band, The Criminals, with another ex-Doll, Tony Machine, and continued to play the New York club scene.
He landed a solo recording contract with RCA, and released one album with Lee Crystal (drums; later of Joan Jett's Blackhearts) and Johnny Ráo (guitar).
His band mates on this record were: Brian Keats, drums, John Carlucci, bass, and Olivier LeBaron' on lead guitar, with guest appearances by Frank Infante of Blondie and Derwood Andrews of Generation X.
In the late 90s he teamed up with the LA punk band The Streetwalkin' Cheetahs for some touring and they recorded a live radio broadcast on KXLU that remains unreleased.
In 2004 he reunited with the surviving members of the New York Dolls, along with Steve Conte, Brian Koonin and Brian Delaney.
On March 18, 2010, at the South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas, Sylvain and Cheetah Chrome of The Dead Boys and Rocket from the Tombs debuted their new band, The Batusis.
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest and largest society of historians and professors of history in the United States.
Founded in 1884, the association promotes historical studies, the teaching of history, and the preservation of and access to historical materials.
The AHA is the major organization for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is the major organization for historians who study and teach about the United States.
As an umbrella organization for the profession, the AHA works with other major historical organizations and acts as a public advocate for the field.
In 2006 the AHA started a blog focused on the latest happenings in the broad discipline of history and the professional practice of the craft that draws on the staff, research, and activities of the AHA.
The association's annual meeting each January brings together more than 5,000 historians from around the United States to discuss the latest research, look for jobs, and discuss how to be better historians and teachers.
The association's web site offers extensive information on the current state of the profession, tips on history careers, and an extensive archive of historical materials (including the G.I.
The early leaders of the association were mostly gentlemen with the leisure and means to write many of the great 19th-century works of history, such as George Bancroft, Justin Winsor, and James Ford Rhodes.
Much of the early work of the association focused on establishing a common sense of purpose and gathering the materials of research through its Historical Manuscripts and Public Archives Commissions.
From the beginning, the association was largely managed by historians employed at colleges and universities, and served a critical role in defining their interests as a profession.
The association's first president, Andrew Dickson White, was president of Cornell University, and its first secretary, Herbert Baxter Adams, established one of the first history Ph.D. programs to follow the new German seminary method at Johns Hopkins University.
Formed by historians at a number of the most important universities in the United States, it followed the model of European history journals.
Each issue also reviewed a number of history books for their conformity to the new professional norms and scholarly standards that were taught at leading graduate schools to Ph.D. candidates.
Though activities now associated with public history originated in the AHA, these activities separated out in the 1930s due to differences in methodology, focus, and purpose.
The foundations of public history were laid on the middle ground between academic history and the public audience by National Park Service administrators during the 1920s-30s.
The academicians insisted on a perspective that looked beyond particular localities to a larger national and international perspective, and that in practice it should be done along modern and scientific lines.
Their report largely defined the way history would be taught at the high school level as a preparation for college, and wrestled with issues about how the field should relate to the other social studies.
[T]he student who is taught to consider political subjects in school, who is led to look at matters historically, has some mental equipment for a comprehension of the political and social problems that will confront him in everyday life, and has received practical preparation for social adaptation and for forceful participation in civic activities...
The pupil should see the growth of the institutions which surround him; he should see the work of men; he should study the living concrete facts of the past; he should know of nations that have risen and fallen; he should see tyranny, vulgarity, greed, benevolence, patriotism, self-sacrifice, brought out in the lives and works of men.
So strongly has this very thought taken hold of writers of civil government, that they no longer content themselves with a description of the government as it is, but describe at considerable length the origin and development of the institutions of which they speak.
The association also played a decisive role in lobbying the federal government to preserve and protect its own documents and records.
As the interests of historians in colleges and universities gained prominence in the association, other areas and activities tended to fall by the wayside.
The Manuscripts and Public Archives Commissions were abandoned in the 1930s, while projects related to original research and the publication of scholarship gained ever-greater prominence.
In recent years, the association has tried to come to terms with the growing public history movement and has struggled to maintain its status as a leader among academic historians.
Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.
The second rule holds that both %A = %T and %G = %C are valid for each of the two DNA strands.
Such evidence of molecular diversity, which had been presumed absent from DNA, made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material than protein.
In 2006, it was shown that this rule applies to four of the five types of double stranded genomes; specifically it applies to the eukaryotic chromosomes, the bacterial chromosomes, the double stranded DNA viral genomes, and the archaeal chromosomes.
It does not apply to organellar genomes (mitochondria and plastids) smaller than ~20-30 kbp, nor does it apply to single stranded DNA (viral) genomes or any type of RNA genome.
In most bacterial genomes (which are generally 80-90% coding) genes are arranged in such a fashion that approximately 50% of the coding sequence lies on either strand.
The genetic code has 64 codons of which 3 function as termination codons: there are only 20 amino acids normally present in proteins.
The mismatch between the number of codons and amino acids allows several codons to code for a single amino acid - such codons normally differ only at the third codon base position.
Multivariate statistical analysis of codon use within genomes with unequal quantities of coding sequences on the two strands has shown that codon use in the third position depends on the strand on which the gene is located.
Because of the asymmetry in pyrimidine and purine use in coding sequences, the strand with the greater coding content will tend to have the greater number of purine bases (Szybalski's rule).
The origin of the deviation from Chargaff's rule in the organelles has been suggested to be a consequence of the mechanism of replication.
For reasons that are not yet clear the strands tend to exist longer in single form in mitochondria than in chromosomal DNA.
This process tends to yield one strand that is enriched in guanine (G) and thymine (T) with its complement enriched in cytosine (C) and adenosine (A), and this process may have given rise to the deviations found in the mitochondria.
Chargaff's second rule appears to be the consequence of a more complex parity rule: within a single strand of DNA any oligonucleotide is present in equal numbers to its reverse complementary nucleotide.
Chargaff's second parity rule appears to be extended from the nucleotide-level to populations of codon triplets, in the case of whole single-stranded Human genome DNA.
The following table is a representative sample of Erwin Chargaff's 1952 data, listing the base composition of DNA from various organisms and support both of Chargaff's rules.
An organism such as φX174 with significant variation from A/T and G/C equal to one, is indicative of single stranded DNA.
On 6 March 2009, the Greek State announced it had reached an agreement to sell the flight operations, ground handling operations and technical base of the group to Marfin Investment Group, the largest Greek investment fund, thus ending 35 years of state ownership.
Olympic Airlines continued to operate some public service flights to Greek islands as well as some flights to destinations outside the European Union (Cairo, Alexandria, Tel Aviv, Beirut, Belgrade) until the Greek State conducted a public tender and redistributed the routes.
On 31 December 2009 Olympic Airlines ceased all operations, as flights to Greek islands have already been allocated and are being flown by other carriers and flights to destinations outside the European Union have been allocated to other carriers who started operating them from 1 January 2010.
Until the final closure, Olympic Airlines used the temporary code OP for their flights (instead of OA, which is used by their successor, Olympic Air).
All Olympic Airlines flights (using the OP code) since 29 September 2009 and until the final deadline of 31 December 2009, were operated by Olympic Air on a wet lease basis.
The 31 December 2009 deadline as the final possible date that Olympic Airlines should cease operations, was agreed between the Greek Government and the European Commission as part of the deal to close Olympic Airlines and sell the name and assets to Olympic Air.
It was initially expected that operations would end much earlier, but due to the change of government in October 2009 the public tenders for the reallocation of subsidised flights to the Greek islands and for international flight rights outside the European Union were postponed.
In 1951 the poor financial state of the three airlines led to a decision by the Greek state to merge them into a single operator, TAE Greek National Airlines (TAE).
The new airline operated a fleet of twin-engine Douglas DC-3 airliners on domestic Greek routes until the last example was disposed of in May 1970.
In July 1956 the Greek State reached an agreement with Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis for Onassis to purchase the airline.
Onassis always wanted to be in the cutting-edge of the technology, so in 1959 he signed a deal to buy four de Havilland Comet 4B that in 1960 was Olympic's first jet aircraft, that entered service.
When Greek crews had to spend a night in London, British crews would fly the Olympic Comets to BEA destinations, and the same with Greek crews and BEA Comets.
In 1962 Olympic set a record flying a DH Comet 4B from London to Athens in just two hours and 51 minutes.
The cabin crews were attired in Pierre Cardin-designed uniforms and passengers ate with golden cutlery and listened to the stylings of a pianist in the first class cabin.
In 1971 OA purchased new NAMC YS-11 twin-turboprop aircraft to replace the ageing non-pressurized Douglas DC-3 and the Douglas DC-6 pressurised piston-engined airliners still in use on the company's Greek domestic network.
To further this strategy, several examples of the small twin-engined turbo-propellor Short Skyvan utility airliner were obtained for operation on routes serving smaller Greek airports.
In 1972 Olympic turned to the important Greece-Australia market, beginning Boeing 707–320 operations between Athens and Melbourne twice a week via Bangkok and Singapore.
OA even showed interest in the BAC-Aérospatiale Concorde supersonic airliner and, on 5 January 1973, a Concorde landed at Athens' Hellenikon Airport to give a demonstration.
The death of Aristotle Onassis' son, Alexander, in a plane crash came as a shock to the Greek people and a new phase began for Olympic Airways.
A few months later, Onassis sold all of the OA shares to the Greek state and he died shortly afterward (in 1975).
In 1976, under state management, OA purchased eleven Boeing 737-200 jet aircraft and created Olympic Catering, which served both OA and foreign airlines.
In 1977, in a cost-cutting effort, OA shut down their Australia route, followed by the Canadian one in 1978, when OA also placed orders for four Airbus A300s, plus four options.
Olympic AirTours (Ολυμπιακή Τουριστική) was created as a subsidiary of OA, which issued tickets not only for OA, but for other airlines as well.
In 1990 a route to Tokyo via Bangkok was launched but Olympic was soon forced to shut it down, despite very high load factors (95%).
Due to the rising losses and debts, the government decided to formulate a restructuring program in which all debts were erased.
A few years later, in an attempt to make OA profitable, management was given to a subsidiary of British Airways, Speedwing.
By December 2003, the Olympic Airways Group of Companies owned Olympic Airways (Ολυμπιακή Αεροπορία), Olympic Aviation (Ολυμπιακή Αεροπλοϊα), Macedonian Airlines (Mακεδονικές Αερογραμμές), Galileo Hellas (Γαλιλλαίος Ελλάς), Olympic Fuel Company (Ολυμπιακή Εταιρεία Καυσίμων), and Olympic Into-Plane Company.
The subsidiary, Macedonian Airlines S.A., was renamed Olympic Airlines S.A. and took over the flight operations of Olympic Airways, erasing at the same time all of the airline's debts.
The remaining group companies, except for Olympic Aviation (Olympic Airways, Olympic Into-Plane Company, Olympic Fuel Company, Olympic Airways Handling and the Olympic Airways Technical Base), merged and formed a new company, called Olympic Airways - Services S.A..
In December 2004, the Greek government decided to privatize Olympic Airlines, but the sale process ended in failure as none of the buyers were eager to repay the Greek state almost 700 million euro in state aid, which was later declared illegal by the European Commission in December 2005.
In April of that year, a short list of potential buyers was submitted that included Aegean Airlines, German LCC DBA and a Greek-American consortium called Olympic Investors.
In an interview, Olympic Investors stated that they were backed by York Capital with 6.5 billion dollars and assured that OA's workers would not lose their jobs.
They stated that OA should continue to operate as an integrated company and that they were not interested in buying just parts of OA.
By the end of the year, the offer fell through because the huge fine imposed on the airline by the European Commission had not been dealt with.
In June 2006, Greek media reported that Sabre Aviation Consulting Services was contracted by the Greek government to find investors and develop a business plan for an airline to replace Olympic Airlines, aiming to begin operations in autumn 2006.
Under this plan the government would be a minority shareholder of the new carrier, which would be run as a private airline.
was thrown a life line, when the courts ordered Greece to repay them almost 564 million euro owed to the airline.
The money would be used to pay back part of the State aid declared illegal by the European Commission in December 2005.
Olympic Airlines redesigned their website to introduce their e-ticket service, launched on 31 July 2007, in response to the surge of online booking and online check-ins.
As of November 2007, the e-ticket service is available on all European and International routes, and on 19 of the airline's 37 domestic routes.
On 12 September 2007, the Luxembourg-based EU court ruled that Olympic should repay an amount of money less than what the EU Commission had ordered.
On that same day Olympic Investors, the Greek-American consortium that was interested in buying Olympic in 2005, stated renewed interest in buying the airline.
In November 2007, Irish airline Ryanair filed a suit with the European Commission, saying that they had not looked into their claims that Olympic had not paid back their debt.
On 1 December 2007 transport minister Kostas Hatzidakis announced that the entire Olympic Airways Group debts amounted to two billion euro, and that the airline in its present form and size would cease existing in 2008.
This was deemed to be the only way for the European Commission to write off the company's debts to the Greek public sector.
Despite all predictions, traffic for Olympic in 2007 increased to a total of 5,977,104 passengers (3,115,521 in domestic and 2,681,583 in international flights) compared to approximately 5,500,000 passengers in 2006.
However, in 2008 due to lack of aircraft Olympic Airlines cancelled or merged a significant number of flights, about 6,000 according to their union (as of 26 August 2008).
On 6 March 2009, Development Minister Kostis Hatzidakis announced the sale of the flight operations and the technical base companies to Marfin Investment Group (MIG).
As a result, after 35 years of state control and ten years of failed sales attempts, Olympic will once again become a private corporation.
On 28 September 2009, Olympic Airlines ceased to fly to most of their 69 destinations, maintaining flights to Tel Aviv, Beirut, Cairo and all public service obligation routes within Greece, until the Ministry for Transport and Communications redistributed the routes in late November, when Olympic Airlines entered liquidation.
The last Olympic Airlines flight was flight 424 from Toronto via Montreal, landing at 11:10 on 29 September 2009 at the Athens International Airport.
Olympic Air took over the rest of the operations on 29 September 2009 and their first flight was on 1 October 2009 at 06:20 leaving the Athens International Airport and heading to Thessaloniki Makedonia Airport.
Just two years after the first flight, Onassis asked his associates to design a new logo and the coloured rings were created.
Onassis wanted to copy the five coloured rings of the Olympic emblem, but the International Olympic Committee claimed the rights to the emblem, so a new, six ring logo was introduced.
The new logo for Olympic air was selected from among three proposals by an online vote which was open until 5 July 2009 on oalogo.gr.
The logo that was finally selected is a bevel version of the existing logo and font, with the exception that green has replaced the light blue on some circles.
Green along with blue is one of MIG's corporate colours (as seen on Marfin Egnatia bank's logo for example) and was thus also used per the request of MIG on the new uniforms too.
Established in 1891 as the University of Texas Medical Department, UTMB has grown from one building, 23 students and 13 faculty members to more than 70 buildings, more than 2,500 students and more than 1,000 faculty.
It has four schools, three institutes for advanced study, a comprehensive medical library, four on-site hospitals (including an affiliated Shriners Hospital for Children), a network of clinics that provide primary and specialized medical care and numerous research facilities.
UTMB's primary missions are health sciences education, medical research (it is home to the Galveston National Laboratory) and health care services.
Its emergency department at John Sealy Hospital is certified as a Level I Trauma Center and serves as the lead trauma facility for a nine-county region in Southeast Texas; it is one of only three Level I Trauma centers serving all ages in Southeast Texas.
In fiscal year 2012, UTMB received 20 percent of its $1.5 billion budget from the State of Texas to help support its teaching mission, hospital operation and Level 1 Trauma Center; UTMB generates the rest of its budget through its research endeavors, clinical services and philanthropy.
It provides a significant amount of charity care (almost $96 million in 2012), and treats complex cases such as transplants and burns.
In 2003 UTMB received funding to construct a $150 million Galveston National Biocontainment Laboratory on its campus, one of the few non-military facilities of this level.
It has schools of medicine, nursing, allied health professions, and a graduate school of biomedical sciences, as well as an institute for medical humanities.
UTMB also has a major contract with the Texas Department of Corrections to provide medical care to inmates at all TDC sites in the eastern portion of Texas.
The location of the Medical Department of the University of Texas was decided between Galveston and Houston in a popular vote in 1881, but its opening was delayed due to the construction of the main university campus in Austin, Texas.
The original building, the Ashbel Smith Building also called Old Red, was begun in 1890 under the supervision of the Galveston architect Nicholas J. Clayton.
Upon opening, the Red Building had been starkly underfurnished, a problem which was not fully remedied until after the Hurricane of 1900, when the state rallied around the ravaged city.
In addition, the damage to the roof of Old Red allowed for the addition of skylights, which had always been wanted for the dissection room.
By 1924 UTMB had established the first department of pediatrics in the state of Texas – which was also one of the first departments of pediatrics in the United States.
UTMB’s annual budget of approximately $1.4 billion includes grants, awards, and contracts from federal and private sources totaling more than $150 million, in addition to institutional allocations for research.
Much of the money was approved by the 81st Texas Legislative session, $450 million comes from FEMA, $130 million from insurance, $200 million from the Sealy and Smith Foundation, and $50 million from the Social Service Block Grant Funds.
In 2011 the foundation committed $170 million towards the construction of a new Jennie Sealy Hospital on the UTMB campus, an amount that represents the largest single gift ever to a Texas health institution.
Johansen was born in the New York City borough of Staten Island, New York, to a librarian mother, Helen, and an insurance sales representative father who had previously sung opera.
Johansen began his career in the late 1960s as a lead singer in a local Staten Island band, the Vagabond Missionaries, and later in the early 1970s as the singer/songwriter in the proto-punk band, the New York Dolls.
Johansen and Sylvain Sylvain, along with Peter Jordan, Chris Robison, and Tony Machine, continued playing as the New York Dolls until 1976, after which Johansen embarked on a solo career.
In 1982 Johansen was the opening act for The Who at several U.S. East Coast concerts, Shea Stadium Queensborough and Capital Centre.
The Council on the Arts and Humanities for Staten Island commissioned the program and asked each artist to write 20 minutes of music conveying something of his connection to the island often referred to as New York City's forgotten borough.
Inspired by The Moon Gate of Uncommon Beauty, a round portal between two rockscapes in the Chinese Scholar's Garden at the Staten Island Botanical Garden.
An artist noted for his musical unpredictability and versatility, Johansen has been a consistent blues enthusiast since the earliest days of the Dolls, with covers of songs by Bo Diddley and Sonny Boy Williamson among their earliest numbers.
It was the last full season to completely air on Fox Kids following the sale of Fox Family Worldwide, which included Fox Family, Fox Kids and Saban Entertainment being purchased by The Walt Disney Company.
A video game based on the series was released in November 2001 for Sony PlayStation, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance.
In the year 3000, Time Force is a police agency that deals with the crimes of mutants, outcasts of society who have developed super powers.
Ransik, one of the most dangerous mutants, is arrested and sentenced to life for his crimes including murder and the plan to travel back in time to take over the world.
However, after sentencing, he escapes and manages to go back in time to 2001, but seemingly kills Alex, the Red Time Force Ranger, in the process.
Alex's fiancé Jen Scotts, as well as Time Force members Lucas Kendall, Katie Walker, and Trip Regis, decide to break protocol and go back in time after Ransik.
However, upon arriving in 2001, they find that the rest of their Chrono morphers are locked, and cannot be used until someone with Alex's DNA uses the Red Ranger morpher.
To that end, they travel to the town of Silver Hills, Washington, and find Alex's ancestor Wes Collins the son of a billionaire tech businessman, who unlocks the morphers, and then helps them battle Ransik's army of mutants as the Time Force Power Rangers.
As Ransik continues his quest for total domination of Earth, archaeologists discover a box that, unknown to them, contains the Quantum Ranger morpher and powers.
The box eventually falls into the hand of Eric Myers, a member of the Silver Guardians, the city's police force managed by Wes' father, Albert Collins, and Wes's old rival.
Eric, however, becomes cocky and irresponsible with his power, forcing Wes and the Rangers to try to get it back from him; however, Eric defeated them and he kept his powers.
Soon he learns the responsibility of using the Quantum Powers and becomes the leader of the Silver Guardians as the Quantum Ranger, and becomes an ally to the Rangers.
Eventually, the Rangers begin receiving help from an unseen ally from the future in the form of the Time Shadow Megazord.
Soon, this ally arrives in 2001 and reveals himself to be Alex, stating that he is alive because something the Rangers have done in the present has altered the future, and that he has returned to fix it.
Alex reveals to Wes what was meant to happen in the original timeline and encourages him to take action to set it right.
Wes reluctantly agrees, and relinquishes control of his morpher to Alex so he can take care of his father's business while his father lays ill. Alex then briefly leads the team, but his relationship with the Rangers becomes strained when they realize Alex has changed.
Alex eventually realizes that Wes is the true Red Ranger and, having nearly destroyed his relationship with Jen, returns the morpher.
When Ransik makes his final assault on Earth, with a powerful army in large amounts Alex orders the Rangers to return to the future, for fear that if they hesitate, they may not be able to return at all.
The Rangers refuse, and fight Ransik alongside Wes, who, knowing his friends can't stay, forces them into returning to 3000, leaving only himself and Eric to stop Ransik, or die trying.
Right before the Rangers return Ransik and Nadira to the future, Wes and Jen, having soothed over their initially rocky relationship, profess their love for one another.
He graduated from Harvard University in 1917, and in 1919 became an instructor in English at Harvard while engaged in graduate studies.
It is also worth noting that it is Ministry's first album to feature lyrics in the album sleeve, which prior albums did not provide.
Ministry did perform the song several times in concerts in the late 1980s, but it was never released or recorded officially.
Marker was created as a new municipality on 1 January 1964 following the merger of the two former municipalities of Rødenes and Øymark.
The building, which is of Romanesque architectural style and dates from 1230, has a rectangular nave and a lower and narrower choir.
From its source in the Osprey Wetland Conservation Lands, the Saugeen River flows westerly before briefly turning to the north and flowing through the village of Wareham.
After crossing the highway the Saugeen meanders to the south-southwest before turning west again and then turning to the north and flowing through the village of Priceville.
The Saugeen flows westward into the town of Durham where it falls over McGowan Falls, a cascade waterfall in the Durham Conservation Area.
The Saugeen River then skirts the northern edge of the town of Hanover before entering the Darroch Nature Reserve where it takes in the South Saugeen River.
The Saugeen River then enters the town of Paisley where it takes in the Teeswater River in the center of the town and then takes in the North Saugeen River just north of Paisley.
The Saugeen then turns west and enters the town of Southampton; it crosses Ontario Highway 21 at the Zgaa-biig-ni-gan Bridge before emptying into Lake Huron.
The North Saugeen meets the Saugeen just north of Paisley, about south-southeast of its exit into Lake Huron; the South Saugeen joins the Saugeen about further southeast, near the town of Hanover.
The North Saugeen River is home to one of the most critically endangered of all insects: the Hungerford's crawling water beetle.
In fact, the only known population of Hungerford's crawling water beetles outside of the United States were discovered near Scone in Bruce County, Ontario.
In the mid-1990s the British Ministry of Defence identified a need for sealift ships to support the new Joint Rapid Deployment Force (JRDF, subsequently the Joint Rapid Reaction Force).
This requirement would ultimately be met by the construction of six Point-class sealift ships in 2002-3, but the charter of two commercial ships was approved as an interim measure.
It found customers beyond the loyal DS customer base and used the technology of Citroën's advanced grand touring personal luxury car, the SM.
Unlike its principal competitors, the CX did not have worldwide distribution—the cost of development and improvements had to be met from a geographically small sales base.
Citroën had been using a Wind tunnel for many years, and the CX was designed to perform well in aerodynamic drag, with a low coefficient of drag (Cd in English;CX in French) of 0.36.
Mechanically, the car was one of the most advanced of its time, combining Citroën's hydro-pneumatic integral self-leveling suspension, speed-adjustable DIRAVI power steering (first introduced on the Citroën SM), and a uniquely effective interior design that did away with steering column stalks, allowing the driver to reach all controls while both hands remained on the steering wheel.
A Citroën design principle was that turning signals should not cancel themselves – this should be a conscious decision of the driver.
The CX perpetuated this feature, which is not shared by virtually any other contemporary automobile, limiting the CX's potential use as a rental car.
The ability of the CX suspension to soak up large undulations and yet damp out rough surfaces resulted in a consistent ride quality either empty, or fully laden.
The suspension was attached to sub-frames that were fitted to the body through flexible mountings, to improve even more the ride quality and to reduce road noise.
The constant ground clearance component of this suspension was used under license by Rolls-Royce on the Silver Shadow, and the Bentley T series.
The Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9 was not built under license, but copied the Hydropneumatic suspension principles after the less effective Mercedes-Benz 600 Air suspension installation.
significant mechanical packaging space savings (the CX is shorter than the DS); dramatically less engine noise in the cabin (Traction Avant and DS engines are partially in the cabins of those cars); and, improved access for maintenance of many underbonnet items.
Citroën's own small GS and the Alfa Romeo Alfasud were also released as fastback sedans, but both received a hatchback in the late 1970s.
Some very early models did not have power steering and proved difficult to drive - the CX carries 70% of its weight over the front wheels.
The CX engine bay is small because rotary engines are compact, but the Comotor three-rotor rotary engine was not economical and the entire rotary project was scrapped the year the CX was introduced.
Production versions of the CX were always powered by a modest inline 4 cylinder engine - only the very rare GTi Turbo (1985–89) ever had the engine power to match the capabilities of the chassis.
Contemporary reports also indicated that the cost of setting up a new production facility for the CX, on the northern edge of Paris, at Aulnay-sous-Bois, also played a role in undermining the company's finances to the point where it was obliged to surrender its independence to the more financially cautious Peugeot company.
The CX was very slowly developed and improved, the key elements it needed to compete successfully in its market segment taking many years to emerge.
The parent company, PSA Peugeot Citroën, was fielding three cars in the executive car segment, the slow selling Peugeot 604, the abortive Talbot Tagora and the CX, all competing for PSA's scarce financial resources.
In 1974, the DS featured a relatively powerful fuel-injected 2.3-litre engine, while the 1974 CX 2000 generated a much less generous , giving it a sedate acceleration from 0-60 mph of 12 seconds.
The later 2200 improved on this, and eventually the 2400 engine (actually the same 2347 cm unit as used in the DS) arrived; originally only in the Prestige.
In 1984, turbo-powered 2.5 L diesel engine did make the CX Turbo-D 2.5 the fastest diesel sedan in the world, able to reach speeds up to .
In 1985, the GTi Turbo gasoline model, with a top speed of over , gave the CX the powerful engine that finally used the full capabilities of the chassis.
While the DS achieved its greatest sales success at age 15 (1970) the CX design was subject to more intense competitive pressures, peaking at age 4 (1978).
One notable achievement was in the 1977 London–Sydney Marathon road race, where driver Paddy Hopkirk, driving a CX 2400 sponsored by Citroën's Australian concessionaire, staged a come-from-behind sprint to obtain third place.
Citroën tried to operate independently and design a CX replacement that updated the flowing CX design (in 1980 and again in 1986).
Citroën did incur the expense of designing an entirely new gasoline 4-cylinder engine in 1984 for the top-of-the-range cars, but the market demanded either inline-six or V6 engines.
It was styled in a distinctive, angular fashion, and fitted with self-levelling hydropneumatic suspension, and featured new electronic controls and branded Hydractive suspension.
The XM was clearly related to the BX in layout and construction, but incorporated little design and technology from the CX.
The XM at first achieved annual sales similar to the modest totals of the CX in the last decade of its life, before a total collapse in demand set in during the mid 1990s.
The 2006 Citroën C6, first announced as the C6 Lignage concept car in 1999, appears to be the direct descendant of the CX.
It remained in production until the end of 2012 but barely 20,000 examples were sold, the lack of an estate version also hampered sales.
The Safari was a success with speedway riders and other motorcycle racers, as the capacious design meant a bike could easily fit in the back.
The top-end sports model, alongside the CX Prestige luxury model, was the CX 25 GTi Turbo, launched in autumn 1984, rated at and a top speed of .
The suspension became stiffer in most models, with arguably a more aggressive look, as opposed to the more elegant Series 1 design.
A number of CX estates were elongated and retrofitted with a second rear axle, mostly used for high speed bulk transport such as carrying newspapers across Europe.
This joint venture, located in Wuhan, is today known as the Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile factory, producing over 700,000 cars a year.
Ironically, Dongfeng Motor rescued the ailing PSA Peugeot Citroën in 2014, with a cash injection in exchange for an interest in the control of PSA.
The CX was assembled in South America from 1978–1984 starting with the CX 2000 Super in Citroën's facility of Arica, Chile.
In 1974, the final nail in the coffin of Citroën selling autos in North America was delivered — the decision by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to prohibit passenger vehicles with height-adjustable suspension.
Even the financially powerful Mercedes-Benz had to remove the height adjustment switch from its flagship 450SEL 6.9 while retaining the hydropneumatic suspension in the U.S.
A few CXs came to North America under unclear circumstances (some related to diplomatic immunity) during the 1970s, but the situation was eased when U.S. Government repealed the ban on height-adjustable suspension in 1981.
As with any other grey market car, the CX could be imported and brought into compliance with the unique design regulations applied by the U.S.
The importing companies suffered legal harassment from PSA Peugeot Citroën, but despite this, and with no advertising and only a minimal service network, the powerful cult brand of Citroën still managed to sell about 1,000 cars.
Price was the biggest hindrance - for example a US market CX GTi cost 107% more than the factory US-model Peugeot 505S.
As the U.S. government now exempts cars older than 25 years from all design legislation, the CX can be freely imported.
In France, the CX Prestige model was used by the French government, including former president Jacques Chirac, who kept using the CX officially many years after it had left production.
In addition to the numerous CX models owned by Erich Honecker, head of East Germany, many other officials found the car suitable as well, with their government purchasing 5,000 of the Citroën GS model.
Other royal and government figures that drove CX include Harald V, King of Norway, Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, and Prince Bernhard of The Netherlands.
Italian investigative journalist Carmine Pecorelli was investigating former prime minister Aldo Moro's 1978 kidnapping and murder, when he himself was shot and killed by an unknown assailant, while driving his CX in Rome, in March 1979.
In 1982, Robert Cumberford built the Cumberford Martinique, an open two seater with engine and transmission from a BMW 733i, and steering and suspension from the CX.
Value was bolstered in 2015, when one of the Erich Honecker CX's, a 1984 CX 2500 Injection Prestige, was sold for EUR €95,360 (US$108,621) at Artcurial.
The goal was to replace the Space Shuttle by developing a re-usable spaceplane that could launch satellites into orbit at a fraction of the cost.
The VentureStar would have had a wingspan of , a length of , and would have weighed roughly 1000 t (2.2 million lb).
There were a number of other technologies that were part of the program, including the linear aerospike rocket engine, and one point of praise was the metallic thermal protection system invented by BF Goodrich for the launch system.
VentureStar's engineering and design would have offered numerous advantages over the Space Shuttle, representing considerable savings in time and materials, as well as increased safety.
Unlike the Space Shuttle orbiter, which had to be lifted and assembled together with several other heavy components (a large external tank, plus two solid rocket boosters), VentureStar was to be simply inspected in a hangar like an airplane.
Also unlike the Space Shuttle, VentureStar would not have relied upon solid rocket boosters, which had to be hauled out of the ocean and then refurbished after each launch.
Furthermore, design specifications called for the use of linear aerospike engines that maintain thrust efficiency at all altitudes, whereas the Shuttle relied upon conventional nozzle engines which achieve maximum efficiency at only a certain altitude.
VentureStar would have used a new metallic thermal protection system, safer and cheaper to maintain than the ceramic protection system used on the Space Shuttle.
VentureStar's metallic heat shield would have eliminated 17,000 between-flight maintenance hours typically required to satisfactorily check (and replace if needed) the thousands of heat-resistant ceramic tiles that compose the Shuttle exterior.
Whereas most modern rockets fail catastrophically when an engine fails, VentureStar would have a thrust reserve in each engine in the event of an emergency.
For example, if an engine on VentureStar failed during ascent, another engine would shut off to counterbalance the failed thrust, and each of the remaining working engines could throttle up to safely continue the mission.
Unlike the Space Shuttle, whose solid rocket boosters produced chemical wastes, primarily hydrogen chloride, during launch, VentureStar's exhaust would have been composed of only water vapor, since VentureStar's main fuels would have been only liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
VentureStar's simpler design would have excluded hypergolic propellants and even hydraulics, relying instead upon electrical power for flight controls, doors and landing gear.
Because of its lighter design, VentureStar would have been able to land at almost any major airport in an emergency, whereas the Space Shuttle required much longer runways than available at most public airports.
The VentureStar program was cancelled due to development cost concerns accompanied by technical problems and failures in the X-33 program, a program which was intended as proof-of-concept for some of the critical technologies needed by the VentureStar.
The failure during a test of the X-33's complex, multi-lobe composite-structure cryogenic hydrogen tank was one of the main reasons for the cancellation of both the X-33 and the VentureStar.
One positive was that several years later the performance requirements for such a hydrogen tank were achieved, as NASA gained more experience with cryogenic carbon fiber fuel tanks.
September 7, 2004, Northrop Grumman and NASA engineers unveiled a liquid hydrogen tank made of carbon fiber composite material that had demonstrated the ability for repeated fuelings and simulated launch cycles.
Northrop Grumman concluded that these successful tests have enabled the development and refinement of new manufacturing processes that will allow the company to build large composite tanks without an autoclave; and design and engineering development of conformal fuel tanks appropriate for use on a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle.
In the mid-1990s the British Ministry of Defence identified a need for sealift ships to support the new Joint Rapid Deployment Force (JRDF, subsequently the Joint Rapid Reaction Force).
This requirement would ultimately be met by the construction of six Point-class sealift ships in 2002-3, but the charter of two commercial ships was approved as an interim measure.
Stena Ro-Ro ordered five ships from Societa Esercizio Cantieri (SEC) at Viareggio in Tuscany, with ships 2 and 3 earmarked for charter to the British Ministry of Defence.
Problems soon arose as the shipyard was too small and had to build the ships in three sections in different locations.
A stevedore (), longshoreman, docker or dockworker is a waterfront manual laborer who is involved in loading and unloading ships, trucks, trains or airplanes.
Loading and unloading ships requires knowledge of the operation of loading equipment, the proper techniques for lifting and stowing cargo, and correct handling of hazardous materials.
There is only a limited amount of time that a ship can be at a port, so they need to get their jobs done quickly.
In earlier days before the introduction of containerization, men who loaded and unloaded ships had to tie down cargoes with rope.
While loading a general cargo vessel, they use dunnage, which are pieces of wood (or nowadays sometimes strong inflatable dunnage bags) set down to keep the cargo out of any water that might be lying in the hold or are placed as shims between cargo crates for load securing.
The containers either leave the port by truck or rail or are put in the storage area until they are put on another ship.
The jobs involved include the crane operators, the workers who connect the containers to the ship and each other, the truck drivers that transport the containers from the dock and storage area, the workers who track the containers in the storage area as they are loaded and unloaded, as well as various supervisors.
Before containerization, freight was often handled with a longshoreman’s hook, a tool which became emblematic of the profession (mostly on the west coast of the United States and Canada).
London dockers called this practice standing on the stones, while in the United States it was referred to as shaping up or assembling for the shape-up, or catching the breaks.
In Britain, due to changes in employment laws, such jobs have either become permanent or have been converted to temporary jobs.
The Maritime Union of Australia has coverage of these workers, and fought a substantial industrial battle in the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute to prevent the contracting out of work to non-union workers.
The 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, involving New Zealand stevedores, was the largest and most bitter industrial dispute in the country's history.
In some ports a Stevedore is a person who decides where cargo is stowed on a ship, in order for safe stowage and even balance of a ship.
It was once known to refer those working on a ship—loading or unloading the cargo—as stevedores, while those working on the quayside were called dockers.
In present-day American waterfront usage, a stevedore is usually a person or a company who manages the operation of loading or unloading a ship.
In the early 19th century, the word was usually applied to black laborers or slaves who loaded and unloaded bales of cotton and other freight on and off of riverboats.
In this case, the hold was filled with hides from the California hide trade up to four feet below the deckhead (equivalent of 'ceiling').
The steeves had one end shaped as a wedge which was placed into the middle of a book to shove it into the stack.
The other ends were pushed on by means of block and tackle attached to the hull and overhead beams and hauled on by sailors.
The port of Baltimore had an international reputation of fast cargo handling credited to the well-organized gang system that was nearly free of corruption, wildcat strikes, and repeated work stoppages of its other East coast counterparts.
In fact, the New York Anti-Crime Commission and the Waterfront Commission looked upon the Baltimore system as the ideal one for all ports.
At the beginning of the Second World War Polish predominance in the Port of Baltimore would significantly diminish as many Poles were drafted.
Today, a stevedore typically owns equipment used in the loading or discharge operation and hires longshoremen who load and unload cargo under the direction of a stevedore superintendent.
Many large container ship operators have established in-house stevedoring operations to handle cargo at their own terminals and to provide stevedoring services to other container carriers.
One union within the AFL-CIO represent longshoremen: the International Longshoremen's Association, which represents longshoremen on the East Coast, on the Great Lakes and connected waterways and along the Gulf of Mexico.
The International Longshore and Warehouse Union, which represents longshoremen along the West Coast, Hawaii and Alaska, was formerly affiliated with the AFL-CIO but disaffiliated in 2013.
SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g.
SQL injection must exploit a security vulnerability in an application's software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed.
SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database.
SQL injection attacks allow attackers to spoof identity, tamper with existing data, cause repudiation issues such as voiding transactions or changing balances, allow the complete disclosure of all data on the system, destroy the data or make it otherwise unavailable, and become administrators of the database server.
In a 2012 study, it was observed that the average web application received 4 attack campaigns per month, and retailers received twice as many attacks as other industries.
SQL injection (SQLI) was considered one of the top 10 web application vulnerabilities of 2007 and 2010 by the Open Web Application Security Project.
This form of injection occurs when user input is not filtered for escape characters and is then passed into an SQL statement.
While most SQL server implementations allow multiple statements to be executed with one call in this way, some SQL APIs such as PHP's codice_1 function do not allow this for security reasons.
Blind SQL injection is used when a web application is vulnerable to an SQL injection but the results of the injection are not visible to the attacker.
The page with the vulnerability may not be one that displays data but will display differently depending on the results of a logical statement injected into the legitimate SQL statement called for that page.
This type of attack has traditionally been considered time-intensive because a new statement needed to be crafted for each bit recovered, and depending on its structure, the attack may consist of many unsuccessful requests.
Recent advancements have allowed each request to recover multiple bits, with no unsuccessful requests, allowing for more consistent and efficient extraction.
There are several tools that can automate these attacks once the location of the vulnerability and the target information has been established.
from which it would populate the review page with data from the review with ID 5, stored in the table bookreviews.
The query happens completely on the server; the user does not know the names of the database, table, or fields, nor does the user know the query string.
The hacker may proceed with this query string designed to reveal the version number of MySQL running on the server: codice_3, which would show the book review on a server running MySQL 4 and a blank or error page otherwise.
The hacker can continue to use code within query strings to achieve their goal directly, or to glean more information from the server in hopes of discovering another avenue of attack.
Automated web application security scanners would not easily detect this type of SQL injection and may need to be manually instructed where to check for evidence that it is being attempted.
After an apparent SQL injection attack on TalkTalk in 2015, the BBC reported that security experts were stunned that such a large company would be vulnerable to it.
Database firewalls detect SQL injections based on the number of invalid queries from host, while there are OR and UNION blocks inside of request, or others.
With most development platforms, parameterized statements that work with parameters can be used (sometimes called placeholders or bind variables) instead of embedding user input in the statement.
This mainly means that your variables aren't query strings that would accept arbitrary SQL inputs, however, some parameters of given types are definitely necessary.
But if the parameters were to set to '@username' then the person would only be able to put in a username without any kind of code.
The manual for an SQL DBMS explains which characters have a special meaning, which allows creating a comprehensive blacklist of characters that need translation.
For instance, every occurrence of a single quote (codice_6) in a parameter must be replaced by two single quotes (codice_7) to form a valid SQL string literal.
The function codice_16 works for escaping characters, and is used especially for querying on databases that do not have escaping functions in PHP.
Limiting the permissions on the database login used by the web application to only what is needed may help reduce the effectiveness of any SQL injection attacks that exploit any bugs in the web application.
For example, on Microsoft SQL Server, a database logon could be restricted from selecting on some of the system tables which would limit exploits that try to insert JavaScript into all the text columns in the database.
Stephen Sprouse's initial Day-Glo bright, sixties-inspired, graffiti-printed fashion collections for men and women caught the attention of fashion editors, store buyers, and fashionistas, garnering much media coverage.
To much surprise in the fashion and retail communities, Sprouse declared bankruptcy in June 1985 (even though his base of influential fashion editors and high-end stores were firmly in place).
Sprouse cited production, late deliveries, and financial problems in an interview with Women's Wear Daily shortly after he closed his initial business.
Subsequently, the show was cancelled; a Stephen Sprouse Incorporated representative stated at the time that the show was cancelled due to the company relocating to their new Union Square location.
Sprouse was initially noted by fashion magazines and retailers for using high-quality, expensive, custom-dyed fabrics (his woolens were largely sourced by the high-end Italian textile house Agnona).
Sprouse personally did the graffiti that adorned many of his very early, expensive garments (1983, early 1984), which added to their desirability.
In September 1987, with financial backing from high-end furniture manufacturer Knoll International (then known as GFI/General Felt Industries), Sprouse opened a three-level store on Wooster Street in New York City; a second (smaller) store was opened in Los Angeles in the spring of 1988 at the Beverly Center shopping complex.
Bergdorf Goodman sold the line for two seasons (Fall 1992 & Spring 1993), with very limited success, despite wide media coverage, and featuring Sprouse's garments in their window displays.
That same year, Sprouse also served as the costume curator for the new Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, and designed the staff's uniforms.
In 1998, with full production and backing from Italian manufacturer Staff International, he was briefly back in business, but the clothes sold poorly and were largely ignored by the fashion press and retailers that adored him in the 1980s.
Despite such ups and downs, Sprouse's apparel is still coveted - his clothing continues to fetch high prices in vintage stores and online (e.g.
The graffiti logo bags he designed in collaboration with Marc Jacobs for Louis Vuitton in 2001 made the fashion world take notice once again.
In 2003, Sprouse collaborated with fashion brand Diesel on a take over of its Union Square Store for September's New York Fashion Week.
As part of the collaboration, Sprouse designed a series of limited edition jeans, T-shirts and hats, and made a complete makeover of the Diesel store, which meant adding his renowned Day-Glo design to windows, interiors, and outer building exteriors.
For both Fall 2006 and 2008, Marc Jacobs utilized Sprouse's 1987 graffiti leopard images for handbags, shoes, and scarves for Louis Vuitton, which sold-out instantly.
Sprouse designed clothes for Blondie's Debbie Harry (his one-time downstairs neighbor in the Bowery section of NYC) in the late 70s/early 80s, prior to becoming a commercial designer.
Sprouse launched himself as a commercial fashion designer when he competed in a fashion show contest of young designers in the spring of 1983 (at the suggestion of photographer and friend Steven Meisel), sponsored by the Polaroid Corporation (he previously worked as a design assistant to Halston in the 1970s for three years).
Sprouse soon formed an in-house production staff for the small runway collection he showed in his silver-painted showroom (in homage to the Andy Warhol Factory loft of the sixties) in December 1983.
Sprouse died at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York City of heart failure, after a closely guarded diagnosis of lung cancer a year before.
Mirza Muhammad Siraj ud-Daulah (, ; 1733 – 2 July 1757), commonly known as Siraj ud-Daulah, was the last independent Nawab of Bengal.
The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company rule over Bengal and later almost all of India.
Siraj was born to Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan and Amina Begum in 1733, and soon after his birth, Siraj's maternal grandfather, was appointed the Deputy Governor of Bihar.
Siraj, as the direct political disciple of his grandfather, was aware of the global British interest in colonization, and hence resented the British politico-military presence in Bengal represented by the English East India Company.
He was angered at the company's alleged involvement with and instigation of some members of his own court to a conspiracy to oust him.
Firstly, that they strengthened the fortification around the Fort William without any intimation or approval; secondly, that they grossly abused trade privileges granted them by the Mughal rulers – which caused heavy loss of customs duties for the government; and thirdly, that they gave shelter to some of his officers, for example Krishnadas, son of Rajballav, who fled Dhaka after misappropriating government funds.
Hence, when the East India Company began further enhancement of military strength at Fort William in Calcutta, Siraj ud-Daulah ordered them to stop.
The Company did not heed his directives; consequently Siraj retaliated and captured Kolkata (for a short while renamed Alinagar) from the British in June 1756.
The captives were placed in the prison cell as a temporary holding by a local commander, but there was confusion in the Indian chain of command, and the captives were left there overnight, and many died.
His former hatred of the British returned, but he now felt the need to strengthen himself by alliances against the British.
The Nawab was plagued by fear of attack from the north by the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and from the west by the Marathas.
The Nawab also moved a large division of his army under Rai Durlabh to Plassey, on the island of Cossimbazar south of Murshidabad.
The Seths, the traders of Bengal, were in perpetual fear for their wealth under the reign of Siraj, contrary to the situation under Alivardi's reign.
William Watts, the Company representative at the court of Siraj, informed Clive about a conspiracy at the court to overthrow the ruler.
The conspirators included Mir Jafar, the paymaster of the army, Rai Durlabh, Yar Lutuf Khan and Omichund (Amir Chand), a Sikh merchant, and several officers in the army.
A treaty was drawn up between the British and Mir Jafar to raise him to the throne of the Nawab in return for support to the British in the field of battle and the bestowal of large sums of money upon them as compensation for the attack on Calcutta.
On 2 May, Clive broke up his camp and sent half the troops to Calcutta and the other half to Chandernagar.
Mir Jafar and the Seths desired that the confederacy between the British and himself be kept secret from Omichund, but when he found out about it, he threatened to betray the conspiracy if his share was not increased to three million rupees (£300,000).
He suggested that two treaties be drawn – the real one on white paper, containing no reference to Omichund and the other on red paper, containing Omichund's desired stipulation, to deceive him.
The Members of the Committee signed on both treaties, but Admiral Watson signed only the real one and his signature had to be counterfeited on the fictitious one.
Both treaties and separate articles for donations to the army, navy squadron and committee were signed by Mir Jafar on 4 June.
Finding this to be the man in whom the nawab entirely trusted, it soon became our object to consider him as a most material engine in the intended revolution.
We therefore made such an agreement as was necessary for the purpose, and entered into a treaty with him to satisfy his demands.
When all things were prepared, and the evening of the event was appointed, Omichund informed Mr. Watts, who was at the court of the nawab, that he insisted upon thirty lacks of rupees, and five per cent.
upon all the treasure that should be found; that, unless that was immediately complied with, he would disclose the whole to the nawab; and that Mr. Watts, and the two other English gentlemen then at the court, should be cut off before the morning.
I did not hesitate to find out a stratagem to save the lives of these people, and secure success to the intended event.
This treaty was signed by every one, except admiral Watson; and I should have considered myself sufficiently authorised to put his name to it, by the conversation I had with him.
As to the person who signed admiral Watson's name to the treaty, whether he did it in his presence or not, I cannot say; but this I know, that he thought he had sufficient authority for so doing.
The Battle of Plassey (or Palashi) is widely considered the turning point in the history of the subcontinent, and opened the way to eventual British domination.
On 23 June 1757 Siraj-ud-Daulah called on Mir Jafar because he was saddened by the sudden fall of Mir Mardan who was a very dear companion of Siraj in battles.
Betrayed by a conspiracy plotted by Jagat Seth, Mir Jafar, Krishna Chandra, Omichund etc., he lost the battle and had to escape.
Siraj-ud-Daulah was executed on 2 July 1757 by Mohammad Ali Beg under orders from Mir Meerun, son of Mir Jafar in Namak Haram Deorhi as part of the agreement between Mir Jafar and the British East India Company.
Siraj ud-Daulah is usually seen as a freedom fighter in modern India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan for his opposition to the beginning of British rule over India.
He was very young, not 20 years old when he was put to death—and the first provocation to his enmity was given by the English.
It is true, that when he took Calcutta a very lamentable event happened, I mean the story of the Black Hole; but that catastrophe can never be attributed to the intention, for it was without the knowledge of the prince.
I remember a similar accident happening in St. Martin's roundhouse; but it should appear very ridiculous, were I, on that account, to attribute any guilt or imputation of cruelty to the memory of the late king, in whose reign it happened.
A painting by Francis Hayman displaying a half-naked corpse of Siraj indicates that he was a Nawab who behaved like a Pindari.
William Robertson Warren (October 9, 1879 – December 31, 1927) was a Newfoundland lawyer, politician and judge who served as the dominion's Prime Minister from July 1923 to April 1924.
He had at least one sibling, a sister, Alice Mary Warren (died 1930), who was married to Robert Brown Job, President of Job Brothers & Co., Limited.
Warren was first elected to the Newfoundland House of Assembly in 1903 as a Liberal and served as Speaker of the House from 1909-1913.
The Squires government became embroiled in a scandal over allegations of corruption and misspending of government funds and Squires resigned in protest along with three other ministers in 1923.
His government launched a formal inquiry into the corruption charges which resulted in the arrest and conviction of Squires and several others.
Gosselaar was born in Panorama City, Los Angeles, the son of Paula (van den Brink), a homemaker and hostess for KLM, and Hans Gosselaar, a plant supervisor for Anheuser-Busch.
He began modeling at the age of five, and as a child also appeared in commercials for Oreo cookies and Smurf merchandise, later winning guest spots on television series.
It is generally recognised that the first radio transmission was made from a temporary station set up by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895 on the Isle of Wight.
This followed on from pioneering work in the field by a number of people including Alessandro Volta, André-Marie Ampère, Georg Ohm and James Clerk Maxwell.
The radio broadcasting of music and talk intended to reach a dispersed audience started experimentally around 1905-1906, and commercially around 1920 to 1923.
In the early days, radio stations broadcast on the longwave, mediumwave and shortwave bands, and later on VHF (very high frequency) and UHF (ultra high frequency).
However, in the United Kingdom, Hungary, France and some other places, from as early as 1890 there was already a system whereby news, music, live theatre, music hall, fiction readings, religious broadcasts, etc., were available in private homes [and other places] via the conventional telephone line, with subscribers being supplied with a number of special, personalised headsets.
In Britain this system was known as Electrophone, and was available as early as 1895 or 1899 [sources vary] and up until 1926.
The Wikipedia Telefon Hírmondó page includes a 1907 program guide which looks remarkably similar to the types of schedules used by many broadcasting stations some 20 or 30 years later.
Alternative modes included commercial radio, as in the United States; or a dual system with both state sponsored and commercial stations, introduced in Australia as early as 1924, with Canada following in 1932.
A dramatic change came in the 1960s with the introduction of small inexpensive portable transistor radios which greatly expanded ownership and usage.
Argentina was a world pioneer in broadcasting, being the third country in the world to make its first regular broadcasts in 1920, having been the first Spanish-speaking country in Latin America to offer daily radio broadcasts.
In those years several radio stations arose, Argentina (originally Radio Argentina), Culture, Excelsior, Mitre (originally South American), Splendid (originally Grand Splendid), Belgrano (originally National), Prieto (originally Broadcasting Critic), Del Pueblo - (originally Quilmes Broadcasting ), America-, Antartida (originally Fénix), Municipal, Rivadavia (originally Muebles Díaz), Porteña and Stentor (originally Sarmiento).
Meanwhile, the multiplication of the stations generated the first conflicts over the airwaves, which led to the first regulations on emission frequencies at the end of the 20s.
The History of broadcasting in Australia has been shaped for over a century by the problem of communication across long distances, coupled with a strong base in a wealthy society with a deep taste for aural communications.
The Labor Party was especially interested in radio because it allowed them to bypass the newspapers, which were mostly controlled by the opposition.
Both parties agreed on the need for a national system, and in 1932 set up the Australian Broadcasting Commission, as a government agency that was largely separate from political interference.
In 1906, the first official Morse code transmission in Australia was by the Marconi Company between Queenscliff, Victoria and Devonport, Tasmania.
The first broadcast of music was made during a demonstration on 13 August 1919 by Ernest Fisk (later Sir Ernest) of AWA – Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia).
2CM was run by Charles MacLuran who started the station in 1921 with regular Sunday evening broadcasts from the Wentworth Hotel, Sydney.
It was not until November 1923 when the government finally gave its approval for a number of officially recognised medium wave stations.
All stations operated under a unique Sealed Set system under which each set was sealed to the frequency of one station.
Part of the price of the set went to the government via the Postmaster-General's Department (PMG), with money also going to the broadcaster.
As quickly as July 1924, the Sealed Set system was declared to be unsuccessful and it was replaced by a system of A Class and B Class stations.
There were one or two A Class stations in each major market and these were paid for by a listener's licence fee imposed on all listeners-in.
The five former sealed set stations became A Class stations, and they were soon joined by stations in other State capitals.
From 1929, all A Class stations received all their programs from the one source, the Australian Broadcasting Company which was made up of the following shareholders: Greater Union Theatres (a movie theatre chain), Fuller's Theatres (a live theatre chain) and J. Albert & Sons (music publishers and retailers).
As with most countries, most Australian stations originally broadcast music interspersed with such things as talks, coverage of sporting events, church broadcasts, weather, news and time signals of various types.
By the 1930s, the ABC was transmitting a number of British programs sourced from the BBC, and commercial stations were receiving a number of US programs, particularly dramas.
However, in the 1940s, war-time restrictions made it difficult to access overseas programs and, therefore, the amount of Australian dramatic material increased.
In the late 1930s, the number of big production variety shows multiplied significantly, particularly on the two major commercial networks, Macquarie and Major.
Until the 1950s, the popular image of the whole family seated around a set in the living room was the most accepted way of listening to radio.
Therefore, most stations had to be all things to all people, and specialised programming was not really thought about at this stage (it did not come in until the late 1950s).
As early as 1929, two Melbourne commercial radio stations, 3UZ and 3DB were conducting experimental mechanical television broadcasts – these were conducted in the early hours of the morning, after the stations had officially closed down.
2XT was designed and operated by AWA within the State of New South Wales, from a NSW Railways train, between November 1925 and December 1927.
Initially, the station operated from a Ford car and a Ford truck, but from 17 October 1932 they operated from a converted 1899 former Royal Train carriage.
Whilst the engineers were setting up the station's 50-watt transmitter in the town being visited, salesmen would sign up advertisers for the fortnight that 3YB would broadcast from that region.
The station was on the air from 6.00 and 10.00 pm daily, and its 1,000-record library was divided into set four-hour programs, one for each of 14 days.
The Kanimlba was constructed in Northern Ireland in 1936 and was primarily designed for McIlwraith McEachern Limited to ply passengers between Cairns, Queensland and Fremantle, Western Australia.
The broadcasting station was constructed and operated by AWA and was initially given the ham radio callsign VK9MI but was later 9MI.
The station made an experimental broadcast before leaving Northern Ireland, and a number of such broadcasts at sea, on the way to Australia.
The station broadcast on short wave, usually a couple of times per week, but many of its programs were relayed to commercial medium wave stations that were also owned by AWA.
The Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of Canada was the only one to retain the right to continue radio experiments for military use.
The station began regular programming on May 20, 1920 and its call letters were changed to CFCF on November 4, 1920.
Station CKCE began in April 1922 and was so well received that the Star pushed forward with its own studios and transmitting facilities, returning to the air as CFCA in late June 1922.
Because there were governmental limitations on radio frequencies back then, CKAC and CFCF alternated—one would broadcast one night, and the other would broadcast the night after that.
For a time, CKAC was broadcasting some programs in French, and some in English: in 1924, for example, the station rebroadcast fifteen Boston Bruins hockey games from station WBZ in Boston.
Meanwhile, in other Canadian provinces, 1922 was also the year for their first stations, including CJCE in Vancouver, and CQCA (which soon became CHCQ) in Calgary.
As radio grew in popularity during the mid-1920s, a problem arose: the U.S. stations dominated the airwaves and with a limited number of frequencies available for broadcasters to use, it was the American stations that seemed to get most of them.
This was despite an agreement with the US Department of Commerce (which supervised broadcasting in the years prior to the Federal Radio Commission) that a certain number of frequencies were reserved exclusively for Canadian signals.
But if a US station wanted one of those frequencies, the Department of Commerce seemed unwilling to stop it, much to the frustration of Canadian owners who wanted to put stations on the air.
CNR had already made itself known in radio since 1923, thanks in large part to the leadership of CNR's president, Sir Henry Thornton.
The company began equipping its trains with radio receivers, and allowed passengers to hear radio stations from Canada and the US.
In 1932, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission was formed, and in 1936, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the country's national radio service, made its debut.
Due to the proximity of Cuba to the U.S. state of Florida, some Cubans would try to listen to the American stations whose signals reached the island.
PWX broadcast programs in both English and Spanish, and its signal was easily received at night in a number of American cities.
Another early station in Cuba was owned by Frank Jones, an American amateur radio operator and Chief Engineer of the Tuinucu Sugar Company.
As with many other countries, interest in radio expanded, and by 1932, Cuba had more than thirty stations, spread out in cities all over the island.
Radio was a potentially powerful new medium, but France was quite laggard in consumer ownership of radio sets, With 5 million radio receivers in 1937, compared to over 8 million and both Britain and Germany, and 26 million in the United States.
The unexpected result, however, was the Frenchman were puzzled and uncertain great crises erupted in 1938-39, and their morale and support for government policies was much weaker than in Britain.
Before 1933, German radio broadcasting was Conducted by 10 regional broadcasting monopolies, each of which had a government representative on its board.
A listening fee of 2 Reichsmark per receiver paid most costs, and radio station frequencies were limited, which even restricted the number of amateur radio operators.
Immediately following Hitler's assumption of power in 1933, Joseph Goebbels became head of the Ministry for Propaganda and Public Enlightenment and took full control of broadcasting.
Germany was easily served by a number of European mediumwave stations, including the BBC, but the Nazis made it illegal for Germans to listen to foreign broadcasts.
During the war, German stations broadcast not only war propaganda and entertainment for German forces dispersed through Europe, as well as air raid alerts.
All stations were supported by licensing fees: in 1926, for example, people wishing to receive a permit to own a radio set paid a fee of one yen a month to the government.
Programming on Japanese stations of the 1920s included music, news, language instruction (lessons were offered in English, French and German) and educations talks.
Amateur radio was very popular in Mexico; while most of the hams were male, notably Constantino de Tarnava, acknowledged in some sources as Mexico's first amateur radio operator, one of the early ham radio operators was female—Maria Dolores Estrada.
But commercial radio was difficult to achieve, due to a federal regulation forbidding any broadcasts that were not for the benefit of the Mexican government.
Still, in November 1923, CYL in Mexico City went on the air, featuring music (both folk songs and popular dance concerts), religious services, and news.
Pressure from listeners and potential station owners also contributed to the government relenting and allowing more stations to go on the air.
As these were regular transmissions and the program was announced beforehand in the newspaper NRC, this is seen as the start of commercial broadcasting.
There were radio stations operating in the Philippines, including one owned by American businessman named Henry Hermann, as early as 1922, according to some sources; not much documentation about that period of time exists.
By 1932, the island had three radio stations: KRZC in Cebu, as well as KZIB (owned by a department store) and KZFM, the government-owned station in Manila.
Two radio networks were ultimately created: one, the Manila Broadcasting Company, began as a single station, KZRH in Manila, in July 1939, and after World War II, in 1946, the station's owners began to develop their network by buying other radio properties.
As for the Philippine Broadcasting Company, it too began with one station (KZFM), and received its new name in mid-1946, after the Philippines became an independent country.
Both KZRH and KZFM also affiliated with American networks; the stations wanted to have access to certain popular American programs, and the American networks wanted to sell products in the Philippines.
Sri Lanka created broadcasting history in Asia when broadcasting was started in Ceylon by the Telegraph Department in 1923 on an experimental footing, just three years after the inauguration of broadcasting in Europe.
Gramophone music was broadcast from a tiny room in the Central Telegraph Office with the aid of a small transmitter built by the Telegraph Department engineers from the radio equipment of a captured German submarine.
This broadcasting experiment was successful; barely three years later, on December 16, 1925, a regular broadcasting service came to be instituted.
Edward Harper who came to Ceylon as Chief Engineer of the Telegraph Office in 1921, was the first person to actively promote broadcasting in Ceylon.
Sri Lanka occupies an important place in the history of broadcasting with broadcasting services inaugurated just three years after the launch of the BBC in the United Kingdom.
Edward Harper launched the first experimental broadcast as well as founding the Ceylon Wireless Club, together with British and Ceylonese radio enthusiasts on the island.
Edward Harper has been dubbed ' the Father of Broadcasting in Ceylon,' because of his pioneering efforts, his skill and his determination to succeed.
Two years later, in October 1922, a consortium of radio manufacturers formed the British Broadcasting Company (BBC); they allowed some sponsored programs, although they were not what we would today consider a fully commercial station.
Meanwhile, the first radio stations in England were experimental station 2MT, located near Chelmsford, and station 2LO in London: both were operated by the Marconi Company.
By late 1923, there were six stations broadcasting regularly in the United Kingdom: London's 2LO, Manchester's 2ZY, and stations in Birmingham (5IT), Cardiff, Newcastle, and Glasgow.
As for the consortium of radio manufacturers, it dissolved in 1926, when its license expired; it then became the British Broadcasting Corporation, a non-commercial organization.
Herrold claimed the invention of broadcasting to a wide audience, through the use of antennas designed to radiate signals in all directions.
A few early stations, notably 8MK (later known as WWJ in Detroit) were started by newspapers, but in those early years, radio and newspapers regarded each other as competitors.
One early station, 8XK in Pittsburgh, became KDKA in 1920; its ownership has asserted that it was the first radio station in the US, but that claim is controversial There were other stations on the air around the same time as KDKA, including a station at Union College in Schenectady, New York that became known as WRUC; 8MK in Detroit; 1XE in Medford Hillside MA, and several others.
Radio in education began as early as April 1922, when Medford Hillside's WGI Radio broadcast the first of an ongoing series of educational lectures from Tufts College professors.
Soon, other colleges across the U.S. began adding radio broadcasting courses to their curricula; some, like the University of Iowa, even provided what today would be known as distance-learning credits.
Curry College, first in Boston and then in Milton, Massachusetts, introduced one of the nation's first broadcasting majors in 1932 when the college teamed up with WLOE in Boston to have students broadcast programs.
This success led to numerous radio courses in the curriculum which has taught thousands of radio broadcasters from the 1930s to today.
Then, the Radio Act of 1927 created the Federal Radio Commission (FRC); in 1934, this agency became known as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
Another TV network, the DuMont Television Network, was founded earlier, but was disbanded in 1956; later in 1986 the surviving DuMont independent stations formed the nucleus of the new Fox Broadcasting Company.
He is remembered for founding Carols by Candlelight, as a pioneer football commentator, and for hosting both musical and interview programs.
At the commencement of his career, Banks was known for his double entendres and risque remarks; as a talk back host he was outspoken in his conservative views, especially regarding the White Australia policy and Apartheid.
Not including the early television experiments (see above), mainstream television transmission commenced in Sydney and Melbourne in the latter part of 1956, that is, in time for the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games in November/December 1956.
Many forms entertainment, particularly drama and variety, were considered more suited to television than radio, and many such programs were gradually deleted from radio schedules.
The first areas to see specialised stations were the news and current affairs market, and stations specialising in pop music and geared toward the younger listener who was now able to afford his/her own radio.
The fears of intrusion were addressed by a beep that occurred every few seconds, so that the caller knew that his/her call was being broadcast.
By the end of the 1960s, specialisation by radio stations had increased dramatically and there were stations focusing on various kinds of music, talk back, news, sport, etc.
A technical coordinating organization, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD), came into being in 1950 to lessen technical conflicts.
Announcers like Livy Wijemanne, Vernon Corea, Pearl Ondaatje, Tim Horshington, Greg Roskowski, Jimmy Bharucha, Mil Sansoni, Eardley Peiris, Shirley Perera, Bob Harvie, Christopher Greet, Prosper Fernando, Ameen Sayani (of Binaca Geetmala fame),Karunaratne Abeysekera, S.P.Mylvaganam (the first Tamil Announcer on the Commercial Service) were hugely popular across South Asia.
The Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon was hugely successful under the leadership of Clifford Dodd, the Australian administrator and broadcasting expert who was sent to Ceylon under the Colombo Plan.
Radio Luxembourg remained popular during the 1950s but saw its audience decline as commercial television and pirate radio, combined with a switch to a less clear frequency, began to erode its influence.
BBC2 came on the air on April 20, 1964, using the 625-line standard, and began PAL colour transmissions on July 1, 1967, the first in Europe.
A number of 'pirate' radio ships, located in international waters just outside the jurisdiction of English law, came on the air between 1964 and 1967.
The most famous of these was Radio Caroline, which was the only station to continue broadcasting after the offshore pirates were effectively outlawed on August 14, 1967 by the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act.
It was finally forced off air due to a dispute over tendering payments, but returned in 1972 and continued on and off until 1990.
The first network colorcast followed on January 1, 1954, with NBC transmitting the annual Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California to over 20 stations across the country.
Only a handful of radio stations were given new licences during the 1940s, 50s & 60s but, since 1975, many hundreds of new broadcasting licences have been issued on both the FM and AM bands.
In the latter case, this was made possible by having 9 kHz between stations, rather 10 kHz breaks, as per the Geneva Frequency Plan.
However, in 1990, one or two existing AM stations in each major market were given FM licences; the stations being chosen by an auction system.
Apart from an initial settling-in period for those few stations transferred from AM to FM, there has been no simulcasting between AM and FM stations.
All rural regions which traditionally had only one commercial station now have at least one AM and one FM commercial station.
Commercial radio (re-)legalisation in most European countries occurred in this era, starting with United Kingdom in 1973 (see Independent Local Radio) and ending with Austria in 1995.
In 1987, stations in the European Broadcasting Union began offering Radio Data System (RDS), which provides written text information about programs that were being broadcast, as well as traffic alerts, accurate time, and other teletext services.
The Government of Sri Lanka opened up the market in the late 1970s and 1980s allowing private companies to set up radio and television stations.
Sri Lanka's public services broadcasters are the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC), Independent Television Net Work (ITN) and the affiliated radio station called Lak-handa.
Broadcasting in Sri Lanka went through a transformation resulting in private broadcasting institutions being set up on the island among them Telshan Network (Pvt) Ltd (TNL), Maharaja Television – TV, Sirasa TV and Shakthi TV, and EAP Network (Pvt) Ltd – known as Swarnawahini – these private channels all have radio stations as well.
A new pirate station, Swiss-owned Radio Nordsee International, broadcast to Britain and the Netherlands from 1970 until outlawed by Dutch legislation in 1974 (which meant it could no longer be supplied from the European mainland).
The English service was heavily jammed by both Labour and Conservative Governments in 1970 amid suggestions that the ship was actually being used for espionage.
A Belgian station, Radio Atlantis, operated an English service for a few months before the Dutch act came into force in 1974.
Pirate radio enjoyed another brief resurgence with a literal re-launch of Radio Caroline in 1983, and the arrival of American-owned Laser 558 in 1985.
Both stations were harassed by the British authorities; Laser closed in 1987 and Caroline in 1989, since then it has pursued legal methods of broadcasting, such as temporary FM licences and satellite.
Two rival satellite television systems came on the air at the end of the 1980s: Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting.
Huge losses forced a rapid merger, although in many respects it was a takeover of BSB (Britain's official, Government-sanctioned satellite company) by Sky.
Radio Luxembourg launched a 24-hour English channel on satellite, but closed its AM service in 1989 and its satellite service in 1991.
The Broadcasting Act 1990 in UK law marked the establishment of two licensing authorities – the Radio Authority and the Independent Television Commission – to facilitate the licensing of non-BBC broadcast services, especially short-term broadcasts.
In the 1980s, the Federal Communications Commission, under Reagan Administration and Congressional pressure, changed the rules limiting the number of radio and television stations a business entity could own in one metropolitan area.
The cost of these stations' purchases led to a conservative approach to broadcasting, including limited playlists and avoiding controversial subjects to not offend listeners, and increased commercials to increase revenue.
AM radio's decline flattened out in the mid-1990s due to the introduction of niche formats and over commercialization of many FM stations.
The ABC currently has five AM/FM networks and is in the process of establishing a series of supplementary music stations that are only available on digital radios and digital television sets.
In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission plans to move all Canadian broadcasting to the digital band and close all mediumwave and FM stations.
In Sri Lanka in 2005 when Sri Lanka celebrated 80 years in Broadcasting, the former Director-General of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation, Eric Fernando called for the station to take full advantage of the digital age – this included looking at the archives of Radio Ceylon.
In the United States, this band was deemed to be vital to national defense, so an alternate band in the range of 2.3 GHz was introduced for satellite broadcasting.
In addition, a consortium of companies received FCC approval for In-Band On-Channel digital broadcasts in the United States, which use the existing mediumwave and FM bands for transmission.
In early 1942, a secret group of senior Navy officers empaneled by President Franklin D. Roosevelt assessed him as one of the 40 most competent of the 120 flag officers in the Navy.
He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1909, standing 141st in a class of 174, and was commissioned in 1911.
Between the great wars, Oldendorf did a stint in charge of recruiting station Pittsburgh, acted as an engineering inspector in Baltimore, and served as officer in charge of a hydrographic office.
From 1921 to 1922, Oldendorf was stationed on in the Caribbean, while acting as flag secretary to Special Service Squadron commanders Rear Admiral Casey B. Morgan, Captain Austin Kautz and Rear Admiral William C. Cole.
From 1922 to 1924, Oldendorf served as aide to Rear Admiral Josiah S. McKean, commandant of the Mare Island Navy Yard.
In 1925, Oldendorf, now a commander, assumed his first command, the destroyer , Afterwards, he was aide to successive commandants of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Rear Admiral Thomas P. Magruder and Julian Lane Latimer from 1927 to 1928.
Following the normal pattern of alternating duty at sea with shore duty, Oldendorf taught navigation at the Naval Academy from 1932 to 1935.
Then following this teaching assignment at the Academy, Oldendorf returned to sea duty serving as executive officer of the battleship from 1935 to 1937.
On 31 March 1942, Oldendorf was promoted to rear admiral, and assigned to the Aruba-Curaçao sector of the Caribbean Sea Frontier.
Oldendorf was reassigned to the Pacific theater in January 1944, where he commanded Cruiser Division 4 (CruDiv 4) from his flagship .
Cruiser Division 4, consisting of cruisers and battleships, supported carrier operations and provided fire support for the landings in the Marshalls, Palaus, Marianas, and Leyte.
On 12 September 1944, Oldendorf commanded from the bridge of his flagship, , the Fire Support Group tasked with the bombardment of Peleliu in the Palaus island group.
At this point in his career, Oldendorf was an experienced battle commander who had handled similar assignments in three previous Marine landings.
By the end of the first day, aerial reconnaissance photos indicated that close to 300 of the assigned targets had been destroyed or seriously damaged by the all-day bombardment and that virtually every aboveground structure and fortification had been wiped out.
However, Oldendorf was concerned because no return fire had been detected from the concentrations of enemy heavy artillery shown in earlier aerial reconnaissance photos and because the latest photos contained no evidence that these weapons had been destroyed.
Despite these concerns, Oldendorf made the decision to call off the bombardment at the end of the second day of a pre-arranged schedule that called for a third full day of attacks.
Over 500 men were lost, roughly one-sixth of its regimental strength, on the D-Day White Beach assault on Peleliu and the entire beachhead was in danger of collapsing.
He deployed his powerful force of battleships and cruisers in a classic battle line formation across the Surigao Strait, crossing the T of his opponent.
On 22 September 1945, Oldendorf commanded the occupation of Wakayama and dictated terms of surrender to Vice Admiral Hoka and Rear Admiral Yofai.
From 1947 until his retirement in 1948 he commanded the Western Sea Frontier and the United States Navy reserve fleets at San Francisco.
It was recorded at Trident Studios and Langham 1 Studios, London, in August 1973 with co-producers Roy Thomas Baker and Robin Geoffrey Cable, and engineered by Mike Stone.
The white side has songs with a more emotional theme and the black side is almost entirely about fantasy, often with quite dark themes.
Nonetheless, the album has retained a cult following since its release, garnered praise from critics, fans, and fellow musicians alike, and is significant in being the first album to contain elements of the band's signature sound of multi-layered overdubs, vocal harmonies, and varied musical styles.
The band had developed other, more complex material but elected to wait to record it until they had more freedom and experience in the studio.
Queen insisted that Trident Studios allow them to record at regular hours instead of studio down-time, as they had for the first album.
Freddie Mercury sings two songs; May sings one; and Roger Taylor sings the closing track, which is his only composition on the album.
The guitar had been given a replacement hardwood bridge, chiselled flat, with a small piece of fret wire placed between it and the strings, which lay gently above.
It also features May on acoustic guitar and electric guitar and the last guitar solo (during the fade-out) features three solo guitars.
This kind of complex guitar arrangement is typical of May; however, usually the guitars are harmonious, but in this case, all of the guitars play different parts.
The original handwritten lyrics of the song, which were nearly shredded in 2004, are the oldest example of handwritten lyrics in the Queen archive.
The ogre-like screams in the middle are Mercury's, and the high harmonies at the end of the chorus hook are sung by Taylor.
As the title suggests, it tells the story of a battle between ogres, and features a May guitar solo and sound effects to simulate the sounds of a battle.
An acetate was made of an edited version of the BBC recording without the long intro or any of the sound effects in the album version, potentially for release as a second single.
The previous track ends with a three-part vocal harmony from Mercury, May, and Taylor which flows into Mercury playing the piano.
These effects were widely suspected to be synthesisers; however, they were created by someone plucking the piano strings while Mercury played the notes.
He had this lovely little riff idea on the piano, and I think all the middle eighth is stuff that I did.
The sort of unwritten law was the person who brought the song in would get the credit for writing that song, and the money for writing that song.
According to Rock, the group were looking to grab people's attention with the cover, especially since their first album had failed to do so.
Once again, however, EMI delayed the album since the first album had only just been released in the UK and had yet to be issued in the US.
On 8 November 2010, record company Universal Music announced a remastered and expanded reissue of the album set for release in May 2011.
This was as part of a new record deal between Queen and Universal Music, which meant Queen's association with EMI Records would come to an end after almost 40 years.
While the album remains one of the band's lesser-known works, it has since retained a cult following and has in recent years been cited by a number of music publications, fellow artists and fans as one of Queen's finest works.
They had pushed their rock and metal roots as far as they could, and were clearly looking to jump off the train and expand their horizons.
Whenever their newest record would come out and have all these other kinds of music on it, at first I'd only like this song or that song.
Ebenezer Erskine (22 June 16802 June 1754) was a Scottish minister whose actions led to the establishment of the Secession Church (formed by dissenters from the Church of Scotland).
Ebenezer's father, Henry Erskine, served as minister at Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland, but was ejected in 1662 under the Act of Uniformity and imprisoned for several years.
In 1733, a sermon he preached on lay patronage at the Synod of Perth led to new accusations being levelled against him.
After fruitless attempts to obtain a hearing, he, along with William Wilson of Perth, Alexander Moncrieff of Abernethy and James Fisher of Kinclaven, was suspended from the ministry by the Commission of Assembly in November of that year.
In 1739 they were summoned to appear before the General Assembly, but did not attend because they did not acknowledge its authority.
The Associate Presbytery remained united until 1747, when a division took place over how the church should respond to a new oath required of all burgesses.
In 1820 the burgher and anti-burgher sections of the Secession Church were reunited, followed, in 1847 by their union with the relief synod as the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland.
In the United States, part of the Associate Presbyterian Church united with most of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in 1782, forming the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.
He was Initiated in the Dunfermline Lodge of Free Gardeners in 1722 the same year as his patron, John Leslie, 8th Earl of Rothes.
In chess and some other abstract strategy games, the threefold repetition rule (also known as repetition of position) states that a player can claim a draw if the same position occurs three times, or will occur after their next move, with the same player to move.
The reasoning behind the rule is that if the position occurs three times, no real progress is being made and the game could hypothetically continue indefinitely.
For example, if a player has two knights and the knights are on the same squares, it does not matter if the positions of the two knights have been exchanged.
The game is not automatically drawn if a position occurs for the third time – one of the players, on their turn, must claim the draw with the arbiter.
The seventeenth, eighteenth, and twentieth games of the 1972 World Championship match between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky were declared draws because of threefold repetition, although the twentieth game was an incorrect claim (see incorrect claims below).
In the third game of the 1971 Candidates Final Match between Bobby Fischer and Tigran Petrosian, Petrosian (with a better position) accidentally allowed the position after 30.Qe2 to be repeated three times (see diagram).
Players sometimes repeat a position once not in order to draw, but to gain time on the clock (when an increment is being used) or to bring themselves closer to the time control (at which point they will receive more time).
Occasionally, players miscount and inadvertently repeat the position more than once, thus allowing their opponent to claim a draw in an unfavourable position.
As noted above, one of the players must claim a draw by threefold repetition for the rule to be applied, otherwise the game continues.
In the fifth game of the 1921 World Chess Championship match between José Raúl Capablanca and Emanuel Lasker, the same position occurred three times, but no draw was claimed.
These two players had another game in 1914 in which Alekhine (this time with the black pieces) again achieved a draw by a similar process .
A famous draw by threefold repetition occurred in a game between Viktor Korchnoi and Lajos Portisch in 1970 in the Russia (USSR) vs Rest of the World match.
In the game Garry Kasparov–Deep Blue, 1997 the players agreed to a draw, because if White played 50.g8=Q, Black could get a draw by threefold repetition: 50...Rd1+, 51.K-any, Rd2+ 52.Kb1 Rd1+, etc.
Some chess opening lines have been analyzed out to a draw by threefold repetition, such as this position from a line of the Giuoco Piano.
In a game between grandmasters Anatoly Karpov and Tony Miles (Tilburg 1986), Karpov had less than five minutes remaining on his clock in which to finish a specified number of moves or forfeit the game.
He claimed a draw by repetition after checking his scoresheet carefully, whereupon it was pointed out to him that in the first occurrence of position, Black's king had had the right to castle, whereas in the second and third it had not.
Tournament rules stipulated that a player be penalized with three minutes of their time for incorrect claims, which left Karpov's flag on the verge of falling.
In the twentieth game of the 1972 World Chess Championship between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky, Fischer called the Lothar Schmid to claim a draw because of threefold repetition.
After the draw had been agreed, it was pointed out that the position had occurred after White's forty-eighth and fiftieth moves, and again after Black's fifty-fourth move (the final position).
So the claim was actually invalid because it was not the same player's turn to move in all three instances, but the draw result stood .
In Tim Harding's MegaCorr database (a collection of correspondence chess games), the notes to a game between the cities of Pest and Paris played between 1842 and 1845 state that a sixfold repetition was necessary to claim a draw.
In this 1898 Vienna tournament game between Harry Pillsbury and Amos Burn, the same position occurred three times, but no draw was claimed.
Felix Unger (born 2 March 1946 in Klagenfurt, Austria) is a heart specialist and a president of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts and Alma Mater Europaea.
After graduation, he practiced at University Clinic for Cardiology in Vienna (1971, 1972) and at the local University Surgical Clinic (1972–1977) and in 1975 as a researcher in the field of Cardiovascular medicine in Houston, Cleveland and Salt Lake City in USA.
Prof. Unger is a member of a number of academies of science: a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Latvia, Slovenia and Serbia; a regular member of the German Leopoldina, Slovakia and the New York Academy of Sciences; and the world and the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts.
It is one of two express stations on that line south of Croton–Harmon, along with Tarrytown, that serve most trains, excluding peak hour trains to/from Poughkeepsie.
Near the station is a ferry dock which is used by the NY Waterway-operated ferry connection to Haverstraw, allowing Rockland County, New York commuters to use the Hudson Line as an alternative to the New Jersey Transit-operated lines across the Hudson River.
The Hudson River Railroad reached Ossining on September 29, 1849, opening the village up to industrial development along the waterfront and allowing farmers inland to ship their produce to the markets of New York City.
Among the riverside industrial concerns benefiting from the railroad were the marble quarries at Sing Sing Prison, Benjamin Brandreth's pill factory (still extant a short distance up the river) and others.
In 1914 the New York Central Railroad, which the Hudson River had long been merged into, built a new station, the current building, in the Renaissance Revival style.
It was placed on metal stilts to allow Main Street to pass over the tracks, eliminating the grade crossing that had been part of the original station.
Like the rest of the Hudson Line, the station became a Penn Central station once the NYC & Pennsylvania Railroads merged in 1968.
Penn Central's continuous financial despair throughout the 1970s forced them to turn over their commuter service to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
The station and the railroad were turned over to Conrail in 1976, and eventually became part of the MTA's Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
In 2000, New York Waterways used the station as the eastern port for the Haverstraw–Ossining Pedestrian Ferry creating a link between the station and Central Rockland County.
In 1699 he became minister of the small parish of Simprin, where there were only 90 examinable persons; previously, he was a schoolmaster in Glencairn.
It cleared away such conditions as repentance, or some degree of outward or inward reformation, and argued that where Christ is heartily received, full repentance and a new life follow.
He was the only member of the assembly who entered a protest against the lightness of the sentence passed on John Simson, Professor of Divinity at Glasgow, who was accused of heterodox teaching on the Incarnation.
The Yee Hong Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a residential community for senior citizens, particularly those unable to care for themselves.
The Yee Hong Centre for Geriatric Care, formerly the Chinese Community Nursing Home for Greater Toronto, came about when Dr. Joseph Wong reportedly felt that there was a lack of emotional support and difficulty in communicating for Chinese seniors within mainstream medical facilities.
In 1987, Dr. Joseph Wong, gathered a group of thirty Chinese Canadian friends who shared his vision of building a nursing home.
The Centre applied to the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation, and was awarded a three-year accreditation in June 1996, its 20th month of operation.
In November 1996, just two years after the Centre's Grand Opening, an ambitious $8 million Expansion Campaign was launched to add two floors with 65 more beds to the existing Nursing Home and extra Day Care Program space.
The expansion was completed and the first resident, who had been on the waiting list since 1994, was admitted on June 14, 1999.
Located on a site in the heart of Scarborough's Chinese community, the first Centre at Scarborough McNicoll has a nursing home with a specialized Alzheimer's unit and long-term care facility that was honoured thrice as Grand Prize winner of the Ontario Long Term Care Association (OLTCA) Occupational Health and Safety Week Competition since 1997.
It also marked the third consecutive time Yee Hong has been accredited by the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation in 2003.
All of the Centre's staff are fluently bilingual in both English and Chinese and are familiar with the traditions of the Chinese culture.
The Centre includes a Seniors Community Centre which offers a number of social and daycare activities as well as community outreach, drop-in programs and meals-on-wheels.
The Macrobian Club, Yee Hong's seniors social club which operates within the Seniors Community Centre, received the Certificate of Recognition from the Board of Health of the City of Scarborough.
One of the Centre's other impressive accomplishments is the non-profit housing complex - the Aw Chan Kam Chee Evergreen Manor - featuring 130 apartments and 26 family townhouses.
In 1998 and 2001, the Ministry of Health awarded Yee Hong Centre a total of 715 bed licences, the largest such allocation to a non-profit organization in the history of Ontario.
The Yee Hong Centre Capital Campaign was embarked upon in April 1999 to build three new Yee Hong Centres with 200 beds each in Markham and Mississauga and 250 in the new Scarborough Finch centre.
A child care centre will exist side by side with the senior day care centre in the Markham and Mississauga sites with their location in relatively young communities.
The Scarborough Finch Centre will accommodate a 5-bed dialysis unit, the first one of its kind to be based in a nursing home.
He ratified the protests which his brother laid on the table of the assembly after being rebuked for his synod sermon, but he did not formally withdraw from the establishment till 1737.
When the severance took place over the oath administered to burgesses, he adhered, along with his brother, to the burgher section.
There is a larger than life size bronze statue of Ralph Erskine on a pedestal, not far from the High Street in the centre of Dunfermline.
Secondary average, or SecA, is a baseball statistic that measures the sum of extra bases gained on hits, walks, and stolen bases (less times caught stealing) depicted per at bat.
Created by Bill James, it is a sabermetric measurement of hitting performance that seeks to evaluate the number of bases a player gained independent of batting average.
Unlike batting average, which is a simple ratio of base hits to at bats, secondary average accounts for power (extra base hits), plate discipline (walks), and speed (stolen bases minus times caught stealing).
Variations to the formula exist, with some statisticians not counting caught stealing while others multiply caught stealing to increase its significance/negative effects.
Although they share a limited correlation, overall league averages for secondary average are inclined to correspond with league batting averages, which allows for a viable reference point for secondary average in comparison to batting average.
A player can possess a low batting average yet still be a valuable offensive contributor if he has a high secondary average.
Furthermore, batting average and secondary average are not mutually exclusive; a player can have a high batting average as well as a high secondary average.
The table below shows the leaders in both batting average and secondary average for the 2013 season (bold indicates leader in both categories).
Secondary average operates under the principle that batting average is an incomplete indicator of a hitter's ability since batting average does not account for power, plate discipline, and speed.
Since secondary average evaluates a player's offensive contribution independent of batting average, it can identify players who have low batting averages yet are still productive offensively.
For example, in 1990, Bill James identified Eric Davis as the most productive batter with a career average below .275; in spite of his low batting average, Davis had a career secondary average of .504, which was the highest of any active player at the time.
Batting average was not a great indicator of his true offensive value; secondary average was able to demonstrate his value more effectively.
Adam Dunn is an example of a recent player who has a low batting average but an excellent secondary average, resulting from his high walk totals and power numbers.
Although Adam Dunn only has a career .238 batting average, he has a career .456 secondary average, ranking him 12th all-time.
In neuroscience, quantum brain dynamics (QBD) is a hypothesis to explain the function of the brain within the framework of quantum field theory.
As described by Harald Atmanspacher, since quantum theory is the most fundamental theory of matter that is currently available, it is a legitimate question to ask whether quantum theory can help us to understand consciousness.
Large systems, such as those studied biologically, have less symmetry than the idealized systems or single crystals often studied in physics.
Jeffrey Goldstone proved that where symmetry is broken, additional bosons, the Nambu–Goldstone bosons, will then be observed in the spectrum of possible states; one canonical example being the phonon in a crystal.
Ricciardi and Umezawa proposed in 1967 a general theory of quanta of long-range coherent waves within and between brain cells, and showed a possible mechanism of memory storage and retrieval in terms of Nambu–Goldstone bosons.
This was later fleshed out into a theory encompassing all biological cells and systems in the quantum biodynamics of Del Giudice and co-authors.
The Scarborough station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in the Scarborough area of Briarcliff Manor, New York.
Construction of the Scarborough station dates back to the 1860s, when the first station building stood along the Hudson River Railroad, which was completed in 1851 and served areas from New York City to Rensselaer.
The first station building was built by the Hudson River Railroad sometime before 1860, and acquired by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1869.
A hook was installed along the tracks to hang mail bags to be grabbed by workers on the passing trains for outgoing mail distribution; in turn workers threw mail bags off the train for incoming mail distribution.
The first postmaster of the Scarborough Post Office facility was James Van Velsor who had an annual salary of $200 ($ in ) in 1873.
A large thunderstorm occurred in the area on August 4, 1898; the newly renovated station building, built in 1893, was struck by lightning and burned to the ground.
Mail was destroyed although registered mail and money was being kept at the postmaster's house each night; damage amounted to $5,000 ($ in ) and the post office opened the next day, with mail being held in a pushcart.
Soon afterward, attributed to the neighborhood's pride over their name, that sign was thrown into the Hudson River and replaced with the original Scarborough sign.
In April 1931, Siamese King Prajadhipok and Queen Rambai Barni traveled from Bangkok to Ophir Hall (currently Reid Hall of Manhattanville College).
From Chicago, they took another train, departing at 10:30 a.m. on the 21st and arriving at noon on the 22nd, and the trip took 25 hours; the king had requested the train travel slowly, as he was recovering from bronchitis and malaria.
The train arrived at the Scarborough station, where journalists, spectators, and video and still photographers met them, along with one of their hosts.
They were later driven across the county to stay at Ophir Hall for about six weeks in order for a cataract operation to be performed on the king's left eye.
As with the rest of the Hudson Line, the Scarborough station became a Penn Central station once the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroads merged in 1968.
Penn Central's continuous financial despair throughout the 1970s forced them to turn over their commuter service to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
The station and the railroad were turned over to Conrail in 1976, and eventually became part of the MTA's Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
About twenty members began their work around 2010, concerned that the downsizing United States Postal Service would close the Scarborough post office, which is a branch of the Briarcliff Manor post office.
Ridership is moderate, relative to the other Hudson Line stations, with an average of 865 inbound passengers on weekdays and 233 on weekends in 2007.
Historical ridership included many notable passengers, including William Rockefeller, John D. Rockefeller, C. C. Clarke (the First Vice President of the Hudson River Railroad), Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard, Walter William Law, and the Webb family.
His father, Thomas Gillespie (1688-1712), died when he was young, and his mother, Mary Haliburton (1689-1758), ran the family farm and brewery.
In 1738 he left for the seminary run at Perth by William Wilson (1690–1741) of the Secession Church; but was not impressed and moved on after a short while.
The presbytery of Dunfermline agreed to sustain as valid the ordination he had received in England, and to allow a qualification of his subscription to the church's doctrinal symbol, so far as it had reference to the sphere of the civil magistrate in matters of religion.
Gillespie absented himself from presbytery meetings held to ordain Andrew Richardson, an unacceptable presentee, as minister of Inverkeithing, in southern Fife not far from Carnock.
He was then deposed by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland of 1752. for maintaining that the refusal of the local presbytery to act in this case was justified.
The context was the rise of the Moderate Party of the Church of Scotland, from 1751, led by William Robertson with a group of younger ministers including Hugh Blair, Alexander Carlyle and John Home.
They came to an influential position in the Assembly in 1752, on a platform of the Assembly's right to adjudicate in patronage disputes.
There Ralph Erskine died in 1752, and his congregation of the Secession Church sought over a period to have Gillespie as replacement.
He was unable to take it up, however, in the face of strong local opposition, from supporters of Thomas Boston the younger.
The Marquess was on good terms with Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, and supported George Whitefield; his objection to the evangelical Boston was personal, rather than theological.
The foundation arose from a further dispute, at Kilconquhar in Fifeshire, over a presentation made by the James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres, when the minister James Clidsdale died in 1759, and Balcarres nominated John Chalmers as successor.
Gillespie became involved, first suggesting Thomas Scott of Hexham as minister for the seceders, who was in poor health and declined.
Early expansions of the Presbytery were after secessions at Blairlogie (where William Cruden was rejected by the General Synod in 1760, and Auchtermuchty where Thomas Scott of Hexham came as minister in 1763.
James Baine took an Edinburgh church, Lady Yester's, for the Presbytery at the end of 1766, inducted by Gillespie, over the claims of William Cruden; who went to a Glasgow church in 1767 after Boston had died.
Gillespie was believed to favour a reconciliation with the Church of Scotland, and began to distance himself, but on his death in 1774, the Relief Church maintained its independence.
In the former he argued that immediate revelations are no longer vouchsafed to the church; in the latter he traced temptation to the work of a personal devil.
The Philipse Manor station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in the Philipse Manor area of Sleepy Hollow, New York, United States.
Built around 1910 and opened on January 30, 1911, the Tudorbethan architecture of the station's original has earned it a listing on the National Register of Historic Places as an intact example of an early commuter rail station.
The main building (now not used for rail purposes) is a one-story hip-roofed octagonal structure of rock-faced granite block with stone, stucco and wood trim.
It is built into the bluff created when the tracks were cut, and thus access to them was provided through the basement, through doors which have since been bricked off.
The station's east facade is augmented with two gabled portes-cocheres projecting at oblique angles, each supported by a heavy granite pier.
The more modern station subsequently built by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) consists of two long concrete, elevated side platforms with dark-green painted steel shelters.
The inside tracks carry express trains, and diesel-powered Amtrak and Metro-North trains bound for the non-electrified sections between Croton–Harmon and the northern end of the line at Poughkeepsie, none of which stop at Philipse Manor.
The construction of the Hudson River Railroad and its later acquisition by the New York Central in the late 19th century opened up the river towns in Westchester County for suburbanization.
It became possible for those of sufficient means to live in large houses amid the pastoral and scenic riverside, and accordingly villages like Irvington, Tarrytown and North Tarrytown (today's Sleepy Hollow) began to grow and develop.
In 1900 one, John Brisben Walker, acquired the old Kingsland estate in the north of North Tarrytown and began subdividing it.
When the Metropolitan Transportation Authority assumed passenger commuter operations of the then-bankrupt Penn Central in the early 1970s and passed it along to Metro-North in 1983, it eventually closed the station house in favor of automated ticketing operations, and the main house fell into disrepair.
The station has since been reused as the Hudson Valley Writers' Center, which won an award from the Preservation League of New York State for its work on the station in 2005.
It caused minimal damage but required station's inhabitants to wear protective masks for about 36 hours until cabin air was cleaned.
Unlike prior dockings, no flyaround of the station by the orbiter was conducted, but the orbiter was stopped three times while backing away to collect data from a European sensor device designed to assist future rendezvous of a proposed European Space Agency resupply vehicle with the International Space Station.
The Battle of Nibley Green fought on 20 March 1469/1470, is notable for being the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates.
Tyndale was responsible for translating the New Testament into English, for which he was later sentenced to death and burned at the stake in Vilvoorde, Flanders.
From 1992, volunteers have cleared the area to recreate the previously open panoramic views of both the Severn Bridges and beyond to the Black Mountains in Wales.
The village is home to the Nibley Nobblers football team and Nibley Cricket Team, who have won the legendary Pratt Cup two seasons in a row.
MSL was originally launched on 4 April 1997 at 2:20 pm EST and was intended to be on orbit for 15 days, 16 hours.
It built on the cooperative and scientific foundation of the International Microgravity Laboratory missions (IML-1 on STS-42 and IML-2 on STS-65), the United States Microgravity Laboratory missions (USML-1 on STS-50 and USML-2 on STS-73), the Japanese Spacelab mission (Spacelab-J on STS-47), the Spacelab Life and Microgravity Science Mission (LMS on STS-78) and the German Spacelab missions (D-1 on STS-61-A and D-2 on STS-55).
These facilities were the Large Isothermal Furnace, the EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments to the Space Station (EXPRESS) Rack, the Electromagnetic Containerless Processing Facility (TEMPUS) and the Coarsening in Solid-Liquid Mixtures (CSLM) facility, the Droplet Combustion Experiment (DCE) and the Combustion Module-1 Facility.
Additional technology experiments were to be performed in the Middeck Glovebox (MGBX) developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and the High-Packed Digital Television (HI-PAC DTV) system was used to provide multi-channel real-time analog science video.
The Large Isothermal Furnace was developed by the Japanese Space Agency (NASDA) for the STS-47 Spacelab-J mission and was also flown on STS-65 IML-2 mission.
It housed the Measurement of Diffusion Coefficient by Shear Cell Method Experiment, the Diffusion of Liquid Metals and Alloys Experiment, the Diffusion in Liquid Led-Tin-Telluride Experiment, the Impurity Diffusion in Ionic Melts Experiment, the Liquid Phase Sintering II Experiment (LIF), and the Diffusion Processes in Molten Semiconductors Experiment (DPIMS).
The Combustion Module-1 (CM-1) facility from the NASA Lewis Research Center housed experiments on Laminar Soot Processes Experiment and the Structure of Flame Balls at Low Lewis-number Experiment (SOFBALL).
The Droplet Combustion Experiment (DCE) is designed to investigate the fundamental combustion aspects of single, isolated droplets under different pressures and ambient oxygen concentrations for a range of droplet sizes varying between and .
The EXPRESS rack replaces a Spacelab Double rack and special hardware will provide the same structural and resource connections the rack will have on the Space Station.
They included the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), the Microgravity Measurement Assembly (MMA), the Quasi-Steady Acceleration Measurement System and the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE).
The Middeck Glovebox (MGBX) facility supported the Bubble and Drop Nonlinear Dynamics (BDND) Experiment, the Study of the Fundamental Operation of a Capillary-driven Heat Transfer (CHT) Device in Microgravity Experiment, the Internal Flows in a Free Drop (IFFD) experiment and the Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion experiment (FSDC-2).
It is one of two express stations on that line south of Croton–Harmon, along with Ossining, that serve most trains, excluding peak hour trains to/from Poughkeepsie.
The Tappan Zee Bridge is not far from the station, so the station sees some use by commuters from Rockland County.
As of August 2006, daily commuter ridership was 2677 and there are 909 parking spots, fewer than 100 of which are owned by the railroad.
The original station building, which also served as the terminus of John D. Rockefeller's private telegraph wire to his home in Pocantico Hills, was destroyed in a fire caused by a cigarette in April 1922.
Almost 120 years after the station first went into use, an announcement was made in November 2007 concerning a large scale refurbishment of the station as part of the second phase of MTA's Capital Program.
The renovated building will include a ticket agent and waiting area, new heated overpasses, stairways and elevators as well as new platforms.
Metro-North has set aside $3.5 million for the project with the expectation that design work would be completed by the second quarter of 2008.
Work at the Tarrytown station began in October 2009 and Metro North reports this federal stimulus project is expected to be finished by 2012.
The station is currently served by a number of bus lines, including the Westchester Bee-Line, Tappan Zee Express as well as a number of other connections.
The seventh Mir Docking mission carried a SPACEHAB double module for the docking with Mir, cargo transfer and an astronaut exchange.
A spacewalk is scheduled to retrieve the four Mir Environmental Effects Payloads which were attached to the Mir's docking module by Linda Godwin and Rich Clifford during STS-76 to characterize the environment surrounding the Mir space station.
The seventh Mir docking mission continued the presence of a U.S. astronaut on the Russian space station with the transfer of physician David A. Wolf to Mir.
Wolf became the sixth U.S. astronaut in succession to live on Mir to continue Phase 1B of the NASA/Russian Space Agency cooperative effort.
However, the difficulties encountered by Foale and his predecessor aboard Mir, Jerry Linenger, had resulted in intense political pressure on NASA.
The final decision between the termination of NASA crewing of Mir with Foale's departure, or his scheduled replacement by David Wolf was only made by NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin the night before the launch of STS-86.
His estimated mileage logged was 58 million miles (93 million kilometers), making his the second longest U.S. space flight, behind Shannon Lucid's record of 188 days.
His stay was marred by a collision on 25 June between a Progress resupply vehicle and the station's Spektr module, damaging a radiator and one of four solar arrays on Spektr.
The mishap occurred while Mir 23 Commander Vasili Tsibliev was guiding the Progress capsule to a manual docking and depressurized the station.
The crew sealed the hatch to the leaking Spektr module, leaving inside Foale's personal effects and several NASA science experiments, and repressurized the remaining modules.
An internal space walk by Tsibliev and Mir 23 Flight Engineer Aleksandr Lazutkin was planned to reconnect power cables to the three undamaged solar arrays, but during a routine medical exam 13 July Tsibliev was found to have an irregular heartbeat.
Foale then began training for the space walk, but during one of the training exercises a power cable was inadvertently disconnected, leaving the station without power.
On 21 July, it was announced that the internal space walk would not be conducted by the Mir 23 crew but their successors on Mir 24.
The change was deemed necessary to allow Wolf to act as a backup crew member for the space walks planned over the next several months to repair Spektr.
Unlike Wolf, Lawrence could not fit in the Orlan suit that is used for Russian space walks and she did not undergo space walk training.
Following their arrival at the station 7 August, Mir 24 Commander Anatoly Solovyev and Flight Engineer Pavel Vinogradov conducted the internal space walk inside the depressurized Spektr module 22 August, reconnecting 11 power cables from the Spektr's solar arrays to a new custom-made hatch for the Spektr.
During the space walk, Foale remained inside the Soyuz capsule attached to Mir, in constant communication with the cosmonauts as well as ground controllers.
On 5 September, Foale and Solovyev conducted a six-hour external extravehicular activity to survey damage outside Spektr and to try to pinpoint where the breach of the module's hull occurred.
Two undamaged arrays were manually repositioned to better gather solar energy, and a radiation device left previously by Jerry Linenger was retrieved.
First joint U.S.-Russian extravehicular activity during a Shuttle mission, which was also the 39th in the Space Shuttle program, was conducted by Titov and Parazynski.
During the five-hour, one-minute space walk on 1 October, the pair affixed a 121-pound () Solar Array Cap to the docking module for future use by Mir crew members to seal off the suspected leak in Spektr's hull.
Parazynski and Titov also retrieved four Mir Environmental Effects Payloads (MEEPS) from the outside of Mir and tested several components of the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER) jet packs.
During the six days of docked operations, the joint Mir 24 and STS-86 crews transferred more than four tons of material from the SPACEHAB Double Module to Mir, including approximately of water, experiment hardware for International Space Station Risk Mitigation experiments to monitor the Mir for crew health and safety, a gyrodyne, batteries, three air pressurization units with breathing air, an attitude control computer and many other logistics items.
During this maneuver, Solovyev and Vinogradov opened a pressure regulation valve to allow air into the Spektr module to see if STS-89 crew members could detect seepage or debris particles that could indicate the location of the breach in the damaged module's hull.
Other experiments conducted during the mission were the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth investigation; the Cell Culture Module Experiment (CCM-A), the Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM) and the Radiation Monitoring Experiment-III (RME-III); the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local Exhaust (SIMPLE) experiment; and the Midcourse Space Experiment.
The only address given for his father appears in 1813 at 7 Blair Street off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh rather than Leith.
He was educated at Leith High School then the universities of St Andrews and Edinburgh, where he gained a lasting reputation for classical scholarship.
He entered Glasgow Theological Academy under Ralph Wardlaw in September 1827, but in December of the same year he left to become classical tutor at the Blackburn Theological Academy, afterwards the Lancashire Independent College, in north-west England.
After short visits to Germany and London, he was invited back to Edinburgh in November 1834 to become minister of North College Street church (afterwards Argyle Square), an independent church which had arisen in 1802 out of the evangelical movement associated with the Haldane brothers, Robert and James.
When the church sold its property to the government to make way for the National Museum of Scotland, Alexander's congregation worshipped in the Queen Street Hall until 1861 when the new church was completed on George IV Bridge, renamed Augustine Church because of Alexander's strong, albeit independent Augustinian influence in his sermons.
He deliberately put aside the ambition to become a pulpit orator in favour of the practice of biblical exposition, which he invested with charm and impressiveness.
In 1854 Alexander became Professor of Theology at Edinburgh University (and Principal of the Edinburgh Theological Hall from 1877), a position which he held until 1881, in spite of many alternative offers.
Guy Francis de Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British diplomat and Soviet agent, a member of the Cambridge Five spy ring that operated from the mid-1930s to the early years of the Cold War era.
His defection in 1951 to the Soviet Union, with his fellow-spy Donald Maclean, led to a serious breach in Anglo-United States intelligence co-operation, and caused long-lasting disruption and demoralisation in Britain's foreign and diplomatic services.
Born into a wealthy middle-class family, Burgess was educated at Eton College, the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth and Trinity College, Cambridge.
After leaving Cambridge, Burgess worked for the BBC as a producer, briefly interrupted by a short period as a full-time MI6 intelligence officer, before joining the Foreign Office in 1944.
At the Foreign Office, Burgess acted as a confidential secretary to Hector McNeil, the deputy to Ernest Bevin, the Foreign Secretary.
This post gave Burgess access to secret information on all aspects of Britain's foreign policy during the critical post-1945 period, and it is estimated that he passed thousands of documents to his Soviet controllers.
In 1950 he was appointed second secretary to the British Embassy in Washington, a post from which he was sent home after repeated misbehaviour.
Although not at this stage under suspicion, Burgess nevertheless accompanied Maclean when the latter, on the point of being unmasked, fled to Moscow in May 1951.
Burgess's whereabouts were unknown in the West until 1956, when he appeared with Maclean at a brief press conference in Moscow, claiming that his motive had been to improve Soviet-West relations.
He never left the Soviet Union; he was often visited by friends and journalists from Britain, most of whom reported on a lonely and empty existence.
He was well provided for materially, but as a result of his lifestyle his health deteriorated, and he died in 1963.
Experts have found it difficult to assess the extent of damage caused by Burgess's espionage activities, but consider that the disruption in Anglo-American relations caused by his defection was perhaps of greater value to the Soviets than any information he provided.
The Burgess family's English roots can be traced to the arrival in Britain in 1592 of Abraham de Bourgeous de Chantilly, a refugee from the Huguenot religious persecutions in France.
Later generations created a military tradition; Guy Burgess's grandfather, Henry Miles Burgess, was an officer in the Royal Artillery whose main service was in the Middle East.
His youngest son, Malcolm Kingsford de Moncy Burgess, was born in Aden in 1881, the third forename being a nod to his Huguenot ancestry.
The couple settled in the naval town of Devonport where, on 16 April 1911, their elder son was born, christened Guy Francis de Moncy.
Guy's earliest schooling was probably with a governess until, aged nine, he began as a boarder at Lockers Park, an exclusive preparatory school near Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire.
Having completed the Lockers curriculum a year early, he was too young to proceed immediately, as intended, to the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth.
Here he encountered strict discipline and insistence on order and conformity, enforced by frequent use of corporal punishment even for minor infringements.
Burgess had no interest in the available alternatives – the engineering or paymaster branches – and in July 1927 he left Dartmouth and returned to Eton.
At Eton, sexual relationships between boys were common, and although Burgess would claim that his homosexuality began at Eton, his contemporaries could recall little evidence of this.
In January 1930 he sat for and won a history scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, concluding his school career with further prizes in history and drawing.
After a term, he was elected to the Trinity Historical Society whose membership was formed from the brightest of Trinity College undergraduates and postgraduates.
Here he encountered Kim Philby, and also Jim Lees, a former miner studying under a trade union scholarship, whose working-class perspective Burgess found stimulating.
This gave Burgess a greatly extended range of networking opportunities; membership of the Apostles was lifelong, so at the regular meetings he met many of the leading intellectuals of the day, such as G. M. Trevelyan, the University's Regius Professor of History, the writer E. M. Forster, and the economist John Maynard Keynes.
In Britain, the financial crisis of 1931 pointed to the failure of capitalism, while in Germany the rise of Nazism was a source of increasing disquiet.
Another influence was a fellow student, David Guest, a leading light in the Cambridge University Socialist Society (CUSS), within which he formed the university's first active communist cell.
Amid these political distractions, in 1932 Burgess obtained first-class honours in Part I of the history Tripos, and was expected to graduate with similar honours in Part II the following year.
But although he worked hard, political activity distracted him and by the time of his final examinations in 1933 he was unprepared.
During his examinations he fell ill and was unable to complete his papers; this may have been the consequence of belated cramming, or of taking amphetamines.
In February 1934 Burgess, Maclean and fellow-members of CUSS welcomed the Tyneside and Tees-side contingents of that month's National Hunger March, as they passed through Cambridge on their way to London.
Rees had planned to visit the Soviet Union with a fellow-don in the 1934 summer vacation, but was unable to go; Burgess took his place.
When Burgess returned to Cambridge in October 1934, his prospects of a college fellowship and an academic career were fast receding.
Early in 1934 Arnold Deutsch, a longstanding Soviet secret agent, arrived in London under the cover of a research appointment at University College, London.
In June 1934 he recruited Philby, who had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna where he had been involved in demonstrations against the Dollfuss government.
of the Soviet intelligence services was for Burgess to penetrate British intelligence, and with this in mind he needed to publicly distance himself from his communist past.
Thus he resigned his Communist Party membership and publicly renounced communism, with a gusto that shocked and dismayed his former comrades.
Late in 1935 Burgess accepted a temporary post as personal assistant to John Macnamara, the recently elected Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Chelmsford.
Macnamara was on the right of his party; he and Burgess joined the Anglo-German Fellowship, which promoted friendship with Nazi Germany.
The association with Macnamara involved several trips to Germany; some, by Burgess's own later version of events, of a decidedly dissolute nature – both men were practising homosexuals.
These stories, according to the historian Michael Holzman, may have been invented or exaggerated to draw attention away from Burgess's true motives.
In the autumn of 1936 Burgess met the nineteen-year-old Jack Hewit in The Bunch of Grapes, a well-known homosexual bar in The Strand.
Hewit, a would-be dancer seeking work in London's musical theatres, would be Burgess's friend, manservant and intermittent lover for the next fourteen years, generally sharing Burgess's various London homes: Chester Square from 1936 to 1941, Bentinck Street from 1941 to 1947, and New Bond Street from 1947 until 1951.
In July 1936, having twice previously applied unsuccessfully for posts at the BBC, Burgess was appointed as an assistant producer in the Corporation's Talks Department.
Responsible for selecting and interviewing potential speakers for current affairs and cultural programmes, he drew on his extensive range of personal contacts and rarely met refusal.
His relationships at the BBC were volatile; he quarrelled with management about his pay, while colleagues were irritated by his opportunism, his capacity for intrigue, and his slovenliness.
Among those Burgess invited to broadcast were Blunt, several times, the well-connected writer-politician Harold Nicolson (a fruitful source of high-level gossip), the poet John Betjeman, and Kim Philby's father, the Arabist and explorer St John Philby.
On 1 October 1938, during the Munich crisis, Burgess, who had met Churchill socially, went to the latter's home at Chartwell to persuade him to reconsider his decision to withdraw from a projected talks series on Mediterranean countries.
Pursuing their main objective, the penetration of the British intelligence agencies, Burgess's controllers asked him to cultivate a friendship with the author David Footman, who they knew was an MI6 officer.
Footman introduced Burgess to his superior, Valentine Vivian; as a result, over the following eighteen months Burgess carried out several small assignments for MI6 on an unpaid freelance basis.
He was trusted sufficiently to be used as a back channel of communication between the British prime minister, Neville Chamberlain, and his French counterpart Edouard Daladier, during the period leading to the 1938 Munich summit.
At the BBC, Burgess thought his choices of speaker were being undermined by the BBC's subservience to the government – he attributed Churchill's non-appearance to this – and in November 1938, after another of his speakers was withdrawn at the request of the prime minister's office, he resigned.
MI6 was by now convinced of his future utility, and he accepted a job with its new propaganda division, known as Section D. In common with the other members of the Cambridge Five, his entry to British intelligence was achieved without vetting; his social position and personal recommendation were considered sufficient.
Section D was established by MI6 in March 1938, as a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked other than through military operations.
Burgess acted as Section D's representative on the Joint Broadcasting Committee (JBC), a body set up by the Foreign Office to liaise with the BBC over the transmission of anti-Hitler broadcasts to Germany.
He informed them that the British government saw no need for a pact with the Soviets, since they believed Britain alone could defeat the Germans without Russian assistance.
This information reinforced the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's suspicions of Britain, and may have helped to hasten the Nazi-Soviet Pact, signed between Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939.
After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Burgess, with Philby who had been brought into Section D on his recommendation, ran a training course for would-be saboteurs, at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire.
Philby later was sceptical of the value of such training, since neither he nor Burgess had any idea of the tasks these agents would be expected to perform behind the lines in German-occupied Europe.
Philby was posted to a SOE training school in Beaulieu, and Burgess, who in September had been arrested for drunken driving (the charge was dismissed on payment of costs), found himself at the end of the year out of a job.
In mid-January 1941 Burgess rejoined the BBC Talks Department, while continuing to carry out freelance intelligence work, both for MI6 and its domestic intelligence counterpart MI5, which he had joined in a supernumerary capacity in 1940.
After Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, the BBC required Burgess to select speakers who would depict Britain's new Soviet ally in a favourable light.
He turned again to Blunt, and to his old Cambridge friend Jim Lees, and in 1942 arranged a broadcast by Ernst Henri, a Soviet agent masquerading as a journalist.
Information gleaned from regular wining, lunching and gossiping with MPs was invaluable to the Soviets, regardless of the content of the programmes that resulted.
Burgess sought to maintain a political balance; his fellow Etonian Quintin Hogg, a future Conservative Lord Chancellor, was a regular broadcaster, as, from the opposite social and political spectrum, was Hector McNeil, a former journalist who became a Labour MP in 1941 and served as a parliamentary private secretary in the Churchill war ministry.
Burgess's casual work for MI5 and MI6 deflected official suspicion as to his true loyalties, but he lived in constant fear of exposure, particularly as he had revealed the truth to Rees, when trying to recruit the latter in 1937.
Believing that Rees might expose him and others, Burgess suggested to his handlers that they should kill Rees, or alternatively that he should do the job himself.
Always seeking ways of further penetrating the citadels of power, when in June 1944 Burgess was offered a job in the News Department of the Foreign Office, he accepted it.
As a press officer in the Foreign Office News Department, Burgess's role involved explaining government policy to foreign editors and diplomatic correspondents.
His access to secret material enabled him to send Moscow important details of allied policy both before and during the March 1945 Yalta Conference.
Burgess had maintained contact with McNeil who, following Labour's victory in the 1945 General Election, became Minister of State at the Foreign Office, effectively Ernest Bevin's deputy.
McNeil, a staunch anti-communist unsuspecting of Burgess's true allegiance, admired the latter for his sophistication and intelligence, and in December 1946 secured his services as an additional private secretary.
Burgess quickly made himself indispensable to McNeil, and in one six-month period transmitted to Moscow the contents of 693 files, a total of over 2,000 photographed pages, for which he received a further cash reward of £200.
Early in 1948 Burgess was seconded to the Foreign Office's newly created Information Research Department (IRD), set up to counteract Soviet propaganda.
He was quickly sent back to McNeil's office, and in March 1948 accompanied McNeil and Bevin to Brussels for the signing of the Treaty of Brussels, which eventually led to the establishment of the Western European Union and NATO.
Burgess was assigned to the China desk at a point when the Chinese civil war was nearing its climax, a communist victory imminent.
In February 1949, a fracas at a West End Club – possibly the RAC – resulted in a fall downstairs that left Burgess with severe head injuries, following which he was hospitalised for several weeks.
Later in 1949 a holiday in Gibraltar and North Africa became a catalogue of drunkenness, promiscuous sex, and arguments with diplomatic and MI6 staff, exacerbated by the frankly homophobic attitudes towards Burgess by some local officials.
Philby had preceded Burgess to Washington, and was serving there as local head of MI6, following in the path of Maclean who had worked as the embassy's first secretary between 1944 and 1948.
Among his duties he served on the inter-allied board responsible for the conduct of the Korean War, which gave him access to America's strategic war plans.
His frequent behavioural lapses did not prevent his being chosen to act as escort to Anthony Eden, when the future British prime minister visited Washington in November 1950.
Early in 1951 a series of indiscretions, including three speeding tickets on a single day, made his position at the embassy untenable, and he was ordered by the ambassador, Sir Oliver Franks, to return to London.
Philby and his Soviet spymasters believed that Maclean might crack when confronted by British intelligence, and expose the entire Cambridge ring.
He and Blunt then contacted Yuri Modin, the Soviet spymaster in charge of the Cambridge ring, who began arrangements with Moscow to receive Maclean.
Burgess showed little urgency in proceeding with the matter, finding time to pursue his personal affairs and attend an Apostles dinner in Cambridge.
On 11 May he was summoned to the Foreign Office to answer for his misconduct in Washington and, according to Boyle, was dismissed.
He met with Maclean several times; according to Burgess's 1956 account to Driberg, the question of defection to Moscow was not raised until their third meeting, when Maclean said he was going and requested Burgess's help.
Burgess had previously promised Philby that he would not go with Maclean, since a double defection would put Philby's own position in serious jeopardy.
Blunt's unpublished memoirs state that it was Moscow's decision to send Burgess with Maclean who, they thought, would be unable to handle the complicated escape arrangements alone.
These short cruises docked at the French port of St Malo, where passengers could disembark for a few hours without passport checks.
On arrival in St Malo they took a taxi to Rennes, then travelled by rail to Paris and on to Berne in Switzerland.
Here, by prior arrangement, they were issued with papers at the Soviet embassy, before travelling to Zurich, where they caught a flight to Prague.
An MI6 search of the flat revealed papers that compromised another member of the Cambridge ring, Cairncross, who was later required to resign from his civil service post.
The news of the double flight alarmed the Americans, following the recent conviction of the atomic spy Klaus Fuchs, and the defection of the physicist Bruno Pontecorvo the previous year.
Aware that his own position was now precarious, Philby recovered various spying paraphernalia from Burgess's former Washington quarters, and buried them in a nearby wood.
There were strong suspicions that he was responsible for forewarning Maclean via Burgess, but in the absence of conclusive evidence he faced no action and was permitted to retire quietly from MI6.
In private circles, many rumours abounded: the pair had been kidnapped by the Russians, or by the Americans, or were replicating the flight of Rudolf Hess to Scotland in 1941 in an unofficial peace mission.
A cautious Foreign Office statement then confirmed that Maclean and Burgess were missing and were being treated as absent without leave.
In the House of Commons the Foreign Secretary, Herbert Morrison, said there was no indication that the missing diplomats had taken secret documents with them, nor would he attempt to prejudge the issue of their destination.
He brought with him papers indicating that Burgess and Maclean had been Soviet agents since their Cambridge days, that the MGB had masterminded their escape, and that they were alive and well in the Soviet Union.
Unlike Maclean, who learned the language and quickly took up useful work, Burgess spent much of his time reading, drinking, and complaining to the authorities about his treatment – he had not intended his stay to be permanent.
By early 1956 Burgess had moved back to Moscow, to a flat on Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, and was working part-time at the Foreign Literature Publishing House, promoting the translation of classic British novels.
In February 1956 the Soviet government allowed Burgess and Maclean to hold a brief press conference, which included two Western journalists – the first concrete proof to the West that the missing diplomats were alive.
Some assumed that the content had been vetted by the KGB as a propaganda exercise; others thought its purpose was to trap Burgess into revealing information that could lead to his prosecution, should he ever return to Britain.
In the same year Burgess gave a filmed interview to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), forgotten until its rediscovery in 2015.
In it, Burgess revealed that while he wished to continue living in Russia, he maintained an affection for his home country.
When the British prime minister, Harold Macmillan, visited Moscow in 1959, Burgess offered his expertise to the visiting party (he had once spent an evening with Macmillan at the Reform Club).
His offer was declined, but he used this opportunity to lobby officials for permission to visit Britain where, he said, his mother was sick.
Although aware on legal advice that a successful prosecution against Burgess would be problematic, the Foreign Office issued statements implying he would face instant arrest in Britain.
In 1960 and 1961 he was treated in hospital for arteriosclerosis and ulcers, on the latter occasion being close to death.
In April 1962, writing to his friend Esther Whitfield, he indicated how his belongings should be allocated should he die – Blunt, Philby and Chisekov were all named as beneficiaries.
He and Burgess kept apart, though they may have met briefly, when the latter was on his deathbed in August 1963.
Burgess's ashes were returned to England, and on 5 October 1963 were interred in the family plot at St John the Evangelist Churchyard in West Meon.
He sent quantities of information to Moscow – thousands of documents including policy papers, Cabinet minutes and notes of Imperial General Staff meetings.
But the apparent ease with which Burgess and his colleagues could acquire and send such volumes of data also created suspicions in Moscow that they were being fed misinformation.
The British Establishment found it difficult to accept how someone of Burgess's background and education could betray the system that had sustained him in comfort and privilege.
The damage to Anglo-U.S. intelligence co-operation was severe; all atomic intelligence liaison between the two countries was suspended for several years.
He never deviated from the ideological justification that he gave on his reappearance in 1956; he believed that the stark choice to be made in the twentieth century was between America and the Soviet Union.
Yet Lownie points out that most of his fellow Cambridge communists did not work for the Russians, and indeed reassessed their position after the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
Blunt, who was interrogated many times, finally confessed in 1964, although in return for his co-operation this was not made public before his exposure in 1979; he died four years later.
Cairncross, who made a partial confession in 1964 and continued thereafter to cooperate with the British authorities, worked as a writer and historian before his death in 1995.
The mission goals were to conduct experiments using the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-4), conduct two EVAs, and to deploy the SPARTAN-201 experiment.
STS-87 flew the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-4), Spartan-201, Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), tEVA Demonstration Flight Test 5 (EDFT-05), the Shuttle Ozone Limb Sending Experiment (SOLSE), the Loop Heat Pipe (LHP), the Sodium Sulfur Battery Experiment (NaSBE), the Turbulent GAS Jet Diffusion (G-744) experiment and the Autonomous EVA Robotic Camera/Sprint (AERCam Sprint) experiment.
Spartan 201-04 is a Solar Physics Spacecraft designed to perform remote sensing of the hot outer layers of the sun's atmosphere or corona.
The objective of the observations are to investigate the mechanisms causing the heating of the solar corona and the acceleration of the solar wind which originates in the corona.
Two primary experiments are the Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and the White Light Coronograph (WLC) from the High Altitude Observatory.
The Technology Experiment Augmenting Spartan (TEXAS) is a Radio Frequency (RF) communications experiment which provided flight experience for components baselined on future Spartan missions, and a real time communications and control link with the primary Spartan 201 experiments.
The Video Guidance Sensor (VGS) Flight Experiment is a laser guidance system which tested a key component of the Automated Rendezvous and Capture (AR&C) system.
The Spartan Auxiliary Mounting Plate (SPAM) is a small equipment mounting plate which provided a mounting location for small experiments or auxiliary equipment of the Spartan Flight Support Structure (SFSS) It is a honeycomb plate using an experimental Silicon Carbide Aluminum face sheet material with an aluminum core.
The Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF) is a sophisticated materials science facility used for studying a common method of processing semiconductor crystals called directional solidification.
In the type of directional solidification to be used in AADSF, the liquid sample, enclosed in quartz ampoules, will be slowly solidified along the long axis.
The solidification front is of particular interest to scientists because the flows found in the liquid material influence the final composition and structure of the solid and its properties.
The Confined Helium Experiment (CHeX) provides a test of theories of the influence of boundaries on matter by measuring the heat capacity of helium as it is confined to two dimensions.
The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) is a materials science solidification experiment that researchers will use to investigate a particular type of solidification called dendritic growth.
The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn Research Center), is a microprocessor-driven data acquisition system designed to measure and record the microgravity acceleration environment of the USMP carrier.
The digital acceleration data is transferred to optical disk memory for ground analysis and downlinked to the ground for near-real-time analysis.
Each accelerometer has a mass suspended by a quartz element is such a manner to allow movement along one axis only.
This movement is sensed by a detector, causing SAMS electronics to send a voltage to the coil, producing exactly the magnetic field needed to restore the mass to its original position.
While flying separately in the cargo bay, the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center), is an integral part of USMP-04.
It is a highly sensitive instrument designed to acquire and record data of low-level aerodynamic acceleration along the orbiter's principal axes in the free-molecular flow regime at orbital altitudes and in the transition regime during re-entry.
OARE data will support advances in space materials processing by providing measurements of the low-level, low frequency disturbance environment affecting various microgravity experiments.
OARE data will also support advances in orbital drag prediction technology by increasing the understanding of the fundamental flow phenomena in the upper atmosphere.
The objective of the Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding Experiment (SOLSE) is to determine the altitude distribution of ozone in an attempt to understand its behavior so that quantitative changes in the composition of our atmosphere can be predicted.
This will be performed using Charged Coupled Device (CCD) technology to eliminate moving parts in a simpler, low cost, ozone mapping instrument.
The experiment is housed in a Hitchhiker (HH/GAS) canister with canister extension ring and equipped with a Hitchhiker Motorized Door Assembly (HMDA).
Instrumentation includes an Ultraviolet (UV) spectrograph with a CCD array detector, CCD array and visible light cameras, calibration lamp, optics and baffling.
The Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) test will advance thermal energy management technology and validating technology readiness for upcoming commercial spacecraft applications.
The LHP will be operated with anhydrous ammonia as the working fluid to transport thermal energy with high effective conductivity in zero gravity.
LHP is a passive, two-phase flow heat transfer device that is capable of transporting up to 400 watts over a distance of 5 meters through semiflexible, small-diameter tubes.
The Sodium Sulfur Battery Experiment (NaSBE) characterized the performance of four 40 ampere-hour sodium-sulfur battery cells, representing the first test of sodium-sulfur battery technology in space.
Once in orbit, a crewmember activated NaSBE and then the experiment was controlled by the GSFC Payload Operations Control Center (POCC).
Its purpose is to gain an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of transitional and turbulent gas jet diffusion flames under microgravity conditions and to acquire data that will aid in predicting the behavior of transitional and turbulent gas jet diffusion flames under normal and microgravity environments.
The variables for the proposed tests will be the frequency of the disturbance mechanism which will be either 2.5 Hz, 5 Hz, or 7.5 Hz.
Get Away Special (GAS G-036) payload canister contained four separate experiments that hydrate cement samples, record configuration stability of fluid samples, and expose computer discs, compact discs, and asphalt samples to exosphere conditions in the cargo bay of the orbiter.
The experiments are the Cement Mixing Experiment (CME), the Configuration Stability of Fluid Experiment (CSFE), the Computer Compact Disc Evaluation Experiment (CDEE) and the Asphalt Evaluation Experiment (AEE).
Oxygen and hydrogen are supplied to the orbiter's three electrical power generating fuel cells, where they are converted into sufficient electrical energy to support the average 4 family-member house for approximately 6 months.
Longer on-orbit missions benefit microgravity research, Life Sciences research, Earth and celestial observations, human adaptation to the zero-G environment, and support to the Space Station.
The MGBX experiments on this flight are: WCI – The objective of the Wetting Characteristics of Immiscibles was to investigate the influence of alloy/ampoule wetting characteristics on the segregation of immiscible liquids during microgravity processing.
The Enclosed Laminar Flames (ELF) experiment objective was to validate the zero-gravity Burke-Schumann model and the gravity-dependent Hegde-Bahadori extension of the model, investigate the importance of the buoyancy-dependent flow field as affected by oxidizer flow on flame stabilization, examine the state relationships of co-flow diffusion flames under the influence of buoyancy conditions (gravity versus pressure), and study the flow vortex and diffusion flame interactions.
The Particle Engulfment and Pushing by Solidifying Interfaces (PEP) experiment objectives were to generate an accurate value for the critical velocity in a convection-free environment, validate present theoretical model, enhance fundamental understanding of dynamics of insoluble particles at liquid/solid interfaces, and improve understanding of physics associated with solidification of liquid metals-ceramic particles mixtures.
The CUE is composed of a group of experiments that will be flown in the Plant Growth Facility (PGF) and in the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC).
The PGF is composed of the following subsystems: Control and Data Management Subsystems (CDMS), Fluorescent Light Module (FLM), Atmospheric Control Module (ACM), Plant Growth Chambers (PGCs), Support Structure Assembly (SSA), and the Generic External Shell (GES).
The Extravehicular Activity Development Flight Test – 05 (EDFT-05) consists of the payload bay hardware elements of Detailed Test Objective (DTO) 671, EVA Hardware for Future Scheduled Extravehicular Missions.
The other DTO's included in this test are DTO 672, Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Electrical Cuff Checklist and DTO 833, EMU Thermal Comfort and EVA Worksite Thermal Environment.
The free-flyer has a self-contained cold gas propulsion system giving it the capability to be propelled with a 6 degrees of freedom control system.
AERCam/Sprint is a spherical vehicle that moves slowly and is covered in a soft cushioning material to prevent damage in the event of an impact.
The design philosophy is to keep the energy low by keeping the velocities and mass low while providing a mechanism to absorb any energy from an impact.
The commands are sent from the control station to the free-flyer via a Radio Frequency (RF) modem link operating in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range.
The mission marked a lesser known first for having a comic book character being created for a space-going mission, the first to actually fly into space and the first to safely return back to Earth.
Originally, he hoped the series' own star-gazer, Skywise, could be used, but to avoid copyright issues, a unique character was created instead to accompany the experiment insignia, whose name was dubbed Starfire.
Even when taking into account the spoof from the Apollo and Gemini programs into account, who have several references to existing cartoon and comic book characters, such as Snoopy, The Road-Runner or Casper, Starfire is in that regard even more truly a unique contribution.
In line with this, a spoof exists depicting the playful disappointment the series' resident star-gazer was not allowed to fly, showing a gruntled Skywise glaring at Starfire, who only shrugs as it was how it was supposed to be.
After beginning his career in Argentina in 1988 with Newell's Old Boys, followed by River Plate and Boca Juniors where he won titles, the prolific striker played most of his club football with Fiorentina in Italy; he is their all-time top scorer in Serie A with 152 goals.
When Fiorentina was relegated to Serie B in 1993, Batistuta stayed with the club and helped it return to the top-flight league a year later.
He became an icon in Florence; the Fiorentina fans erected a life-size bronze statue of him in 1996, in recognition of his performances for the club.
Despite winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana with the club in 1996, he never won the Italian league with Fiorentina, but when he moved to Roma in 2000 for €36 million – then the highest fee ever paid for a player over the age of 30 – he finally won the Serie A title to crown his career in Italy.
After a brief loan spell with Inter Milan in 2003, he played his last two seasons in Qatar with Al-Arabi before he retired in 2005.
At international level, Batistuta was Argentina's all-time leading goalscorer with 54 goals in 77 official matches, a record he held until 21 June 2016, when he was surpassed by Lionel Messi.
He participated in three FIFA World Cups, scoring 10 goals, making him Argentina's all-time top scorer in the competition, and the joint eighth-highest World Cup goalscorer of all time.
With the Argentina national team he won two consecutive Copa América titles (1991 and 1993), the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy, and the 1992 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Regarded as one of the best strikers of his generation, noted in particular for powerful strikes from volleys or from distance while on the run, in 1999, Batistuta placed third for the FIFA World Player of the Year award.
Batistuta was born on 1 February 1969 to slaughterhouse worker Omar Batistuta and school secretary Gloria Zilli, in the town of Avellaneda, , but grew up in the near city of Reconquista.
He filmed several commercials and was invited onto numerous TV shows, but in spite of this, Batistuta always remained a low-profile family man.
In 2003, after 12 years in Italy, the family moved to Qatar where Batistuta had accepted a lucrative celebrity playing contract with a local team, Al-Arabi, ending his career there in 2005.
Despite having completed his coaching badges in Argentina, he currently has no involvement with football, instead (primarily as he has difficulty walking) he prefers to play polo and golf, he was quoted saying 'I don't like football, it's only my job'.
Now it's all over I can look back with satisfaction, but I never felt that way when I was playing.” In 2006 he expressed an interest in coaching Australia's national team and Argentina's team.
He also worked as technical secretary in the professional football club Colón, joining the club's staff in January 2012, and leaving at the end of the 2012–13 season.
Although he later underwent surgery to relieve the pressure on his cartilage and tendons, and his condition improved slightly, in a 2017 interview he stated that he still had difficulty walking and faced mobility issues as a result of the stresses and injuries he faced throughout his football career due to overexerting himself.
He has however still been able to take part in charity football games, and in 2014 he scored twice – one a trademark finish with a powerful 35 yard strike into the roof of the net – in a game in Italy.
Because of his height he played basketball, but after Argentina's victory in the 1978 FIFA World Cup, in which he was particularly impressed by the skills of Mario Kempes, he devoted himself to football.
While with Platense he was selected for the Reconquista team that won the provincial championship following victory over Newell's Old Boys.
Batistuta's two goals drew the attention of the opposition team’s coach Marcelo Bielsa, and he signed a professional contract with Newell’s in 1988.
At Newell's Old Boys under Bielsa, who would later become Batistuta's national coach with the Argentina national team, things did not come easily for him during his first year with the club.
He was away from home, his family, and his girlfriend Irina, sleeping in a room at the stadium, and had a weight problem that slowed his progress.
At the end of that year, Batistuta was loaned to a smaller team, Deportivo Italiano, with whom he participated in the Carnevale Cup in Italy, ending as top scorer with three goals.
He was drawn out of the team by the new manager Daniel Passarella in the mid-season, apparently with no specific reason.
However, at the beginning of 1991, Óscar Tabárez became Boca Juniors' new manager and he gave Batistuta the support and put him into his best place in the field, the centre of attack.
While playing for Argentina in the 1991 Copa América, the vice-president of Fiorentina was impressed by Batistuta's skills and signed him.
However, the following season, in 1992–93, Fiorentina lost in the relegation battle and were demoted to Serie B, despite Batistuta's 16 league goals.
The club returned to Serie A after one season in Serie B, with the contribution of 16 goals from Batistuta and the management of Claudio Ranieri, as Fiorentina captured the 1993–94 Serie B title.
He was the top scorer of the 1994–95 Serie A season with 26 goals, and he broke Ezio Pascutti's 32-year-old record by scoring in all of the first 11 matches of the season.
In the 1995–96 season, Batistuta, alongside Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano, helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run, as they eventually ended the season with a fourth-place league finish.
Fiorentina also won the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana over A.C. Milan; in the two-legged Coppa Italia final against Atalanta, Batistuta scored a goal in each fixture as Fiorentina won 3–0 on aggregate.
The next season was less successful, as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league, although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, losing out to eventual champions Barcelona, despite scoring a goal in a 1–1 away draw in the first leg.
Scoring over 20 league goals in each of the next three seasons – made all the more impressive given Serie A was the strongest league in the world and the hardest to score in with the best defences – as well as spectacular powerful strikes against Arsenal and Manchester United in the UEFA Champions League, Batistuta came third for FIFA World Player of the Year in 1999.
After an excellent start to the season, Batistuta suffered an injury that kept him out of action for more than a month.
Losing momentum, Fiorentina lost the lead and finished the season in third place, although the result enabled them to participate in the Champions League the following season.
In addition to the fans erecting a life-size bronze statue of him in Florence, Bastituta was inducted into the club’s hall of fame in 2014.
Batistuta stayed at Fiorentina for the 1999–2000 season, tempted by the chance of winning both the Scudetto and the Champions League.
After a promising start in both competitions, the team only reached seventh in the league and were eliminated in the second round group phase of the European tournament.
The following season, he was transferred to Roma in a deal worth 70 billion lire (€36.2 million) and signed a three-year contract, which earned 14.8 billion Italian lire (€7.6 million) per year before tax.
The record was broken in 2017 when Leonardo Bonucci was signed by A.C. Milan on a five-year contract for a €42 million fee.
During the 2000–01 season, Batistuta finally garnered a Serie A winners' medal, scoring 20 league goals, as Roma clinched the Scudetto for the first time since 1983, including a goal in the 3–1 title-deciding victory over Parma on 17 June 2001 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.
On 26 November 2000 Batistuta scored an 83rd-minute winner with a right-foot volley from 30 yards in a league game against Fiorentina in Rome – visibly upset having done so he refused to celebrate with his Roma teammates.
Before the match he ran over to the 3,000 Fiorentina fans and saluted them, and did the same at full time, receiving adoration in return, before he left the stadium in tears.
Now aged 34, Batistuta failed to find form with Roma and was loaned out to Inter Milan, scoring two goals in twelve matches, although he did provide assists for Christian Vieri.
Batistuta ended the season by netting 25 goals, thus surpassing the record for most goals scored, which was previously held by Qatari legend Mansour Muftah.
In 1991, Batistuta was selected to play for Argentina in the Copa América held in Chile, where he finished the tournament as top scorer with six goals as Argentina romped to victory.
In 1993, Batistuta played in his second Copa América, this time held in Ecuador, which Argentina won with Batistuta scoring both goals in a 2–1 win over Mexico in the final.
Despite the disappointing Argentine exit, Batistuta scored four goals in as many games, including a hat-trick in their opening game against Greece.
During the qualification matches for the 1998 World Cup (with former River Plate manager Daniel Passarella) Batistuta was left out of the majority of the games after falling out with the coach over team rules.
In the game against Jamaica, he recorded the second hat-trick of his World Cup career, becoming the fourth player to achieve this (the others were Sándor Kocsis, Just Fontaine, and Gerd Müller) and the first to score a hat-trick in two World Cups.
Argentina were knocked out of the World Cup by the Netherlands courtesy of a last minute Dennis Bergkamp winner after the two sides had held out for a 1–1 draw for almost the entire match.
After a good series of performances by Argentina in the qualification matches for the 2002 World Cup, hopes were high that the South Americans – now managed by Marcelo Bielsa – could win the trophy, and Batistuta announced that he planned to quit the national team at the end of the tournament, which Argentina aimed to win.
With 54 goals from 77 games, Batistuta was the record goalscorer for Argentina, a record he held until it was surpassed by Lionel Messi in 2016.
A quick, hard-working, and powerful player, with an eye for goal and a good all-round game, Batistuta is considered one of the most complete, feared and prolific strikers of his generation.
As a forward, he was primarily known for his technique, offensive movement off the ball, strength in the air, and powerful, clinical finishing ability with both feet from anywhere on the pitch, despite being naturally right-footed.
Batistuta also possessed an excellent positional sense, as well as an ability to anticipate defenders in the area, score acrobatic goals from volleys or bicycle kicks, and strike the ball first time from tight angles while on the run.
He was also highly regarded due to his accurate heading and powerful free-kick taking abilities; although he was a competent penalty taker, his conversion rate from the spot throughout his career was less reliable, however.
In addition to his skill and goalscoring abilities, Batistuta frequently stood out on the pitch throughout his career due to his leadership and fair-play.
Batistuta’s goal celebration – both arms upturned with his fists clenched – features in his statue placed next to those of Maradona and Messi in an emblematic square in the Recoleta district of Buenos Aires.
Batistuta suffered several injuries throughout his career, which often limited his playing time and fitness, in particular in his later career, which would eventually force him to retire.
It was established in memory of British climbers Peter Boardman and Joe Tasker, both of whom wrote books about their mountaineering expeditions, after their deaths on the north-east ridge of Mount Everest in 1982.
It can be awarded for a piece of fiction or non-fiction, poetry or drama, although the work must have been written in (or translated into) English.
Stephen Richard Hackett (born 12 February 1950) is an English musician, songwriter, singer, and producer who gained prominence as the lead guitarist of the progressive rock band Genesis from 1971 to 1977.
Hackett contributed to six Genesis studio albums, three live albums, seven singles and one EP before he left to pursue a solo career.
Hackett's body of work encompasses many styles; in addition to his work in progressive rock, he has explored pop, blues, world music and classical music on his solo recordings.
He has a younger brother John who took up the flute and has performed, collaborated, and written with Hackett throughout his solo career.
In the 1950s, the family relocated to Vancouver, Canada but returned home after his parents, his mother in particular, became too homesick.
Hackett grew up having access to various musical instruments, such as the harmonica and recorder, but he did not develop an interest in the guitar until the age of 12 when he started playing single notes.
Hackett also has cited numerous British blues artists as influences, namely Danny Kirwan, Peter Green, and various guitarists in John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, as well as Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles, and King Crimson.
He did not write any material with the group as the band's founders directed what the other members played, which did not bother Hackett as he wished to get more experience in a recording studio since the band had secured a contract with a label.
Genesis, which also comprised keyboardist Tony Banks, bassist Mike Rutherford, and drummer Phil Collins, had lost founding guitarist Anthony Phillips and sought a new, permanent replacement to his temporary replacement Mick Barnard.
Hackett claimed that Van Halen had told him that he learned the technique after attending a Genesis concert in the mid-1970s.
He had grown increasingly constricted by his lack of freedom and level of input and was insistent that more of his material be included on the album, but was rebuffed.
On 2 October 1982, the group gathered for Six of the Best, a one-off performance held to raise money for Gabriel's WOMAD festival.
In 1983, Hackett was joined on stage by Gabriel and Rutherford during a series of shows at the Civic Hall in Guildford, the three performing with Hackett's band.
In March 2010, 1970–1975 line-up of Genesis were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Phish guitarist Trey Anastasio.
Hackett enjoyed the freedom he had when writing and recording his own album, but was informed by Rutherford and Banks that he could not continue his solo career while in Genesis.
Hackett, who had never sung lead or backing vocals on a Genesis song, turned over most of the vocals to a number of singers, including folk singer Richie Havens, R&B singer Randy Crawford, and Steve Walsh of American progressive rock group Kansas.
This became a group with John Hackett on flute, bass pedals, and guitar, Dik Cadbury on bass and vocals, Nick Magnus on keyboards, John Shearer on drums, and Pete Hicks on lead vocals.
It began at the Chateau Neuf in Oslo, Norway on 4 October 1978 and ended with six shows across the UK, culminating at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 30 October.
The album contains various musical styles, including straightforward and progressive rock, folk, and a wider range of instruments such as a Cantonese koto.
It was recorded without his band which he had worked with since 1979, barring contributions from Magnus and John Hackett, and features Hackett handling all the lead vocals.
Although it contained tracks in a progressive rock and classical style for which Hackett was known for, it also showcased a more pop-oriented approach.
The album's tour marked a line-up change with John Hackett and Magnus joined by Chas Cronk on bass and Ian Mosley on drums.
It would be his last release on Charisma, as growing differences over Hackett's direction, plus management resisting to release an acoustic or live album, caused an end to their partnership.
Hackett's main reason for ending GTR was the lack of funds to continue the project, and his growing desire to pursue a less mainstream career path.
Released in March 1988, his tour across Europe to promote the album was met with large and enthusiastic crowds which included gigs in Estonia, Russia, and the Soviet Union.
It was to raise money and awareness of Asian groups that left the difficult conditions of their home but were refused entry into Western countries.
Released as a single in 1990, the song included May, the Moody Blues, Mike Rutherford, Phil Manzanera, and Godley & Creme.
In 1992, Hackett resumed touring for the first time in six years, which also saw his return to activity in the US in several years.
His reason for the prolonged absence was down to his involvement in various legal issues which prevented him from touring there.
Hackett promoted the album with two shows in Tokyo in December 1996 with John Wetton, Chester Thompson, Ian McDonald, and Julian Colbeck.
This marked the beginning of keyboardist, arranger, and producer Roger King taking a more prominent role on Hackett's future albums and live shows.
Hackett said that he had not worked on a project with John for some time and had missed playing with him, leading to his manager Billy Budis to suggest an album of Satie's music.
It also marked his return to progressive rock music, and unlike his several previous records the material was put together within three months.
On 15 March 2010, Genesis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Hackett making a rare appearance alongside Collins, Banks and Rutherford at the ceremony, though they did not perform together.
A planned reunion of the classic 1970s Genesis line-up fell apart in 2007 when Peter Gabriel expressed reservations, and subsequently Hackett dropped out in deference to the Genesis 'trio' line-up, as opposed to the four-piece.
His main reason to revisit the project was the desire to perform the material live once more, and got various musicians to perform the songs which cover material by Genesis and some solo material.
The album was met with enthusiasm from the public which resulted in Hackett making a stronger chart presence and a sell out supporting tour in the UK.
The UK tour included a show at Hammersmith Apollo, London which won Hackett the Event of the Year Award at the 2013 Progressive Music Awards.
The album continues the exploration of world music/progressive rock, and also contains influences from the Beatles' psychedelia period and classic science fiction.
In August 2018, Hackett revealed that he was more than half way in recording a new studio album and expected an early 2019 release.
October 2018 saw Hackett touring with the Heart of England Symphony Orchestra, under the baton of Bradley Tkachuk, a mixture of Genesis Revisited tracks and solo works but with the addition of a 41 piece orchestra.
This took the arrangements by Tkachuk and his brother Stephen for the 2017 concert in Buffalo, USA, and also used some arrangements from Hackett's collaboration with the Icelandic group Todmobile.
The album reached no 28 in the UK and marked Hacketts 10th solo album on the UK top 40 album charts since his solo debut in 1975.
He was born at Aberdalgie in the parish of Abernethy, Perthshire, on 13 January 1831, was the son of David Bruce, a farmer.
1881); and in 1875, on the death of Patrick Fairbairn, he was appointed to the chair of apologetics and New Testament exegesis in the Free Church Hall at Glasgow.
In the twenty-four years during which he occupied this chair he exercised the strongest influence over students, both from his wide knowledge and on account of the magnetism of his mind.
He acted as convener of the hymnal committees which issued the 'Free Church Hymn Book' in 1882, and in 1898 the 'Church Hymnary' for all the Scottish presbyterian churches.
He was Gifford lecturer in Glasgow University for 1896-7, choosing as his subjects 'The Providential Order of the World' (London, 1897, 8vo) and 'The Moral Order of the World in Ancient and Modern Thought' (London, 1899, 8vo).
Bruce died on 7 August 1899 at 32 Hamilton Park Terrace, Glasgow, and was buried on 10 August at Broughty Ferry.
She survived him with a son David, a Glasgow writer, partner in the firm of Mitchell & Bruce, and a daughter, who married Milward Valentine of Manchester and New York.
Rainbows for All Children is an international grief support organization in the United States, Africa, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Great Britain, Guam, Guatamala, Ireland, Japan, Singapore, Swaziland, Switzerland and beyond.
Rainbows runs peer support groups for children and teens who have lost a parent due to death, divorce/separation, deployment, deportation, incarceration and other traumatic changes.
It also works with those suffering from the aftermath of large-scale crises and disasters, such as school violence, war and natural disaster.
Rainbows was established by Suzy Yehl Marta in 1983, after she was unable to find resources to help her three young sons cope with her divorce.
Today, Rainbows has a global network of more than 7,500 community-based program sites and 40,000 trained volunteer facilitators who work directly with grieving children and teens throughout the United States and in 15 other countries.
The group's National Honorary Chairperson is the actress Roma Downey, and Miss Teen International 2006 Jade Kenny is the Rainbows Teen Spokesperson.
In this installment, the Shee have left Albia in a spaceship, the Shee Ark, to search for a more spherical world.
The Ark was abandoned by the Shee because a meteor hit the ship, but the infrastructure still remains in working order.
The game tries to simulate life, and includes a complex two-dimensional ecology of plants, animals and insects, which provide the environment for the three main species to live and develop in.
The player interacts with the world using a hand-shaped cursor, and tries to encourage the creatures' development by manipulating various objects around the world, guiding the creatures using the cursor and encouraging the creatures to speak.
The executable file for the game was in fact an interpreter for its scripting language, thus allowing users to make total conversions or derivative works from the game.
The hatchery, one of the game's in-built applets, allows the player to add Norn eggs to the world, which can be hatched via the incubator.
Once Norns reach adolescence at around an hour old, they are ready to breed, and female Norns will begin an oestrogen cycle.
Many user-created agents have been made, which can be injected into the world using the Injector Kit applet, which also includes an analysis page giving the opportunity to check new objects for potentially harmful contents before injecting them.
Albia is also home to a substantial amount of animal life, such as bees which pollinate flowers and create honey, and Zander fish, which provide a food source for creatures near the oceans.
Albia also has four seasons: Spring, Summer, Winter and Autumn, and boasts its very own climate, with weather such as snow mainly occurring during the colder months, and rain mostly during the Spring.
Slink later claimed that her design had been compromised by the geneticist brought on to finish her work, Eric Goodwin, and later accused Cyberlife of deriving their update from hers.
He was born in Calcutta, where his father, George Smith, C.I.E., was then Principal of the Doveton College, a boys' school in Madras.
After studying for summer semesters as a postgraduate at the University of Tübingen (1876) and the University of Leipzig (1878) and travelling in Egypt and Syria.
He was ordained into the Free Church of Scotland in 1882 and served at the Queen's Cross Free Church in Aberdeen.
In 1909 he was appointed Principal and Vice Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, a post he held until his retirement in 1935.
He was appointed a Chaplain-in-Ordinary to King George V in 1933, and reappointed by King Edward VIII and King George VI.
William of Norwich (2 February 1132 – 22 March 1144) was an English boy whose death was, at the time, attributed to the Jewish community of Norwich.
William was an apprentice tanner who regularly came into contact with Jews and visited their homes as part of his trade.
His death was unsolved; the local community of Norwich attributed the boy's death to the Jews, though the local authorities would not convict them for lack of proof.
Since most information about William's life comes only from Thomas, it is difficult to distinguish the facts of the case from the story of martyrdom created around it by Thomas.
Shortly before his murder, William's mother was approached by a man who claimed to be a cook working for the Archdeacon of Norwich.
He noted injuries which suggested a violent death and the fact that the boy appeared to have been gagged with a wooden teasel.
The body was then buried at the murder site, and the following day, members of William's family, one of whom was a priest, arrived to confirm the identity of the body.
The Christians of Norwich appeared to have quickly blamed local Jews for the crime, and to have demanded justice from the local ecclesiastical court.
Members of the Jewish community were asked to attend the court and submit to a trial by ordeal, but the local sheriff, John de Chesney, advised them that the ecclesiastical court had no jurisdiction over them, as they were not Christians.
There is no evidence that the initial accusations against the Jews implied that the murder was related to ritual activity of any kind, but as the cult developed, so did the story of how and why he was killed.
.” William's body was later said to have been found in Thorpe Wood with a crown of thorns atop his head.
One convert, called Theobald of Cambridge, told Thomas that there was a written prophecy which stated that the Jews would regain control of Israel if they sacrificed a Christian child each year.
Every year, Jewish leaders met in Narbonne to decide who would be asked to perform the sacrifice; in 1144, the Jews of Norwich were assigned the task.
According to Thomas, the man who claimed to be a cook had been employed to entice William into the house where the sacrifice would occur.
William was initially treated well, but was then bound, gagged and suspended in a cruciform position in a room where he was tortured and murdered in a manner imitating the Crucifixion of Jesus: the Jews lacerated his head with thorns and pierced his side.
Thomas supports this claim by saying that one converted Jew told him that there was an argument over how to dispose of the body.
Another man is said to have confessed on his deathbed, years after the events, that he saw a group of Jews transporting a body on a horse in the woods.
The Jewish community is thought to have been established in Norwich by 1135, only nine years before the murder (though one Jew called 'Isaac' is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086).
There may also have been background conflicts between the cathedral, the sheriff and local people about rights in the city and suburbs.
Thomas repeatedly invokes God as a source of protection for the people against the corrupt Norman sheriffs, claiming that John de Chesney, the sheriff who protected the Jews, was punished with internal bleeding.
After being buried in the monk's cemetery, the body of William was moved to progressively more prestigious places in the church, being placed in the chapterhouse in 1150 and close to the High Altar in 1151.
Thomas devotes most of his book not to the crime, but to the evidence for William's sanctity, including mysterious lights seen around the body itself and miraculous cures effected on local devotees.
Thomas admits that some of the clergy, notably the Prior, Elias, were opposed to the cult on the grounds that there was little evidence of William's piety or martyrdom.
There is little evidence of a flourishing cult of William in Norwich – surviving financial records listing offerings made at his shrine at Norwich Cathedral suggest that, although its fortunes waxed and waned, for much of its history there were few pilgrims, although offerings continued to be made until at least 1521.
A temporary boost to the shrine's popularity occurred after 1376, when William was adopted by the Norwich Peltier's Guild, whose annual service at the Cathedral included a child who played the part of William.
A panel of painted oak, depicting both William and Agatha of Sicily, is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London; William is shown holding a hammer and with three nails in his head.
The screen was commissioned by Ralph Segrym (died 1472), a merchant who became a Member of Parliament and Mayor of Norwich.
As a result of the feelings generated by the William ritual murder story and subsequent intervention by the authorities on behalf of the accused, the growing suspicion of collusion between the ruling class and Jews fuelled the general anti-Jewish and anti-King Stephen mood of the population.
After Thomas of Monmouth's version of William's death circulated a number of other unsolved child murders were attributed to Jewish conspiracies, including Harold of Gloucester (d. 1168) and Robert of Bury (d. 1181).
This, in conjunction with the increase in national opinion in favour of a Crusade, and the conflation of all non-Christians in the Medieval Christian imagination, led to the Jewish deputation attending the coronation of Richard in 1189 being attacked by the crowd.
A widespread attack began on the Jewish population, most notably in London and York, leading to massacres of Jews at London and York.
When the local nobility of Norwich attempted to quash these activities, the local yeomanry and peasantry revolted against the lords and attacked their supporters, especially Norwich's Jewish community.
On 6 February 1190, all Norwich Jews who didn't escape to the support of the local castle were slaughtered in their village.
Hostility against Jews increased in the area until in 1290, Jews were expelled from all of England to Spain, Italy, Greece and elsewhere.
Jews were not officially allowed to settle in England again until 1655 when Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell asked Parliament to allow Jews renouncing Papal sovereignty and who were fleeing Catholic persecution in the Low Countries and France to settle under writ of Parliament.
Thomas of Monmouth's account of William's life was published in 1896 in an edition by Augustus Jessopp and M. R. James.
James notes that Thomas is keen to prove the truth of his version of events by citing witnesses to build up a consistent account.
He argues that some testimonies seem to be pure invention, others are unreliable, but that some appear to describe real events, though facts are clearly being manipulated to fit the story.
James dismisses the claim of planned ritual murder as a fantasy, which only emerges some years after the crime, promoted by the convert Theobald, keen to ingratiate himself with the Christian community.
Independent support is very flimsy, such as the servant who is supposed to have glimpsed a child through a crack in the door, but did not report this until interviewed by Thomas years later.
James suggests several possibilities: 1. an accident in the woods; 2. a murder by a Christian who arranged the scene to cast blame on Jews; 3. a murder by an unknown person that was blamed on Jews for reasons unrelated to the crime itself; 4. accidental or deliberate killing by a Jew that was then covered up by the Jewish community who feared they would all be blamed.
Jacobs argues that it would make no sense for Jews to hide the body in Thorpe Wood, as they would have had to carry it through the whole of the Christian part of the town to get there.
In 1933 Cecil Roth argued that a different type of mock crucifixion may have led to the accusations against Jews, because of a masquerade involving the mock execution of Haman enacted by the Jews at Purim.
She suggests that William had been told not to associate with Jews following one such masquerade; he was then kidnapped and tortured by the Jews to find out why they were being ostracised.
It was probably perpetrated by the man who represented himself as a cook, and who enticed William away from his family to commit the crime.
Raphael Langham, writing in 2005, believed that Theobald was a disturbed individual with a hatred of his own community and thus the most likely killer.
Rose points out that road robberies and kidnappings gone wrong were a frequent cause of death in the region during Stephen's reign, when the Crown struggled to safeguard the roads, and could offer another explanation of William's death.
With origins in the ancient Anglo Saxon nobility of Northumbria, the Royal Scottish House of Dunkeld and the Anglo-Norman nobility, they have contributed courtiers, judges, writers, historians, sailors, airmen, scientists and philosophers to the history of England, Ireland and the new world.
Two members of the family were offered, and declined, the throne of Bohemia in the 15th century and one of their number, William Tyndale, was the first modern translator of the Bible into English and one of the most important figures in the evolution of the modern language.
The first member of the family known by this name was Uchtred, Lord of Tyndale, who married Bethoc Canmore, daughter of Donald III, King of Scots from 1093–1099.
His name, the period of his life and his lands and position suggest a kinship with the Anglo Saxon Earls of Northumbria, one of whom was Uchtred the Bold, Earl from 1006 to 1016.
Whilst the Tyndales soon adopted the use of the Norman 'de', this does not necessarily suggest the family was Norman in the male line; the Saxon family of Woolesley, for example, used 'de' throughout this period.
The earliest feudal records indicate that an Adam de Tindale was the feudal Baron of South Tyne-dale and of Langeley/Langley Castle, both in the county of Northumberland.
The pipe rolls are written in Latin, which explains the use of 'i' rather than 'y' in the name; there is no 'y' in Latin.
The Barony had been held by his father or grandfather by the service of one knight's fee, in the time of Henry I.
Considering the dates, his position and territorial designation, it is probable that this Baron was either the son or grandson of Uchtred, Lord of Tyndale and Princess Bethoc of Scotland.
Adam was succeeded by his son, Adam, who held the Barony during the reign of Richard I of England, paid 100 pounds for his relief, with livery of his land, in 1194 and appears to have died in 1224.
The Barony of Langley and its associated manor continue to modern times as an originally feudal Prescriptive Barony (not a Peerage), and an extensive series of baronial and manorial records are maintained in the National Archives (UK).
The Parliamentary Barony, Baron Scott of Tindale in Northumberland, was created in 1663 for the ill-fated Duke of Monmouth, and 1st Duke of Buccleuch, James Scott, the illegitimate son of King Charles II.
This title was put under attainder, upon his execution for treason in 1685, but later restored, together with the Earldom of Doncaster in 1743.
There is, however, a legend that King James II did not have him executed but exiled to France, where he became known as the Man in the Iron Mask.
Another Barony of Tyndale was created in 1688 as the junior title of the Radclyffe Earl of Derwentwater and in 1716 fell under attainder on his execution for treason for his part in the Jacobite rising of 1715.
The second son of the first Baron Adam de Tindale, Robert, settled at Tansover in Northamptonshire in the time of Edward I.
Some of the (later) genealogies and secondary sources for the family from this period are written in English and use 'Tyndale', for the reasons posited above.
The first that is known of the family after their migration to Northamptonshire was the enlargement of their estates through marriage into the Deane family.
The elder son of Robert de Tyndall of Talsover married the heiress of that family and inherited the lands of Deane, which remained in the family for many generations.
The Deane arms have been quartered with those of Tyndall ever since and were adopted as the only arms of the Tindal branch of the family from the 17th century (and can be seen, below, under the portrait of Rev Nicolas Tindal).
Subsequent Tyndalls married well, inheriting the estates of Hockwald in Norfolk and Mapplestead Magna in Essex in marriages with heiresses of the de Montford and Fermor families.
Sir William Tyndall of Hockwald and Deane was created Knight Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath on 29 November 1489, on the creation of Prince Arthur as Prince of Wales in the reign of Henry VII.
Through marriage to the Felstead family, he became co-heir to the Barony of Scales, the daughter of the last Baron Scales having died without issue.
When King Richard II married Anne of Bohemia, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, she brought with her cousin, Princess Margaret of Teschen, daughter of Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Teschen in modern Silesia by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Bolesław, Duke of Koźle and Bytom.
This lady married Sir Simon Bigod de Felbrigg in Essex, the standard bearer of Richard II and their daughter, Alana, married Sir William Tyndall of Deene.
It has already been related that, through the Felbriggs, the Tyndalls came to be co-heirs to the Barony of Scales with the Earls of Oxford.
However, a more regal dignity descended through Margaret of Teschen when the House of Luxemburg died out with the death of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia (1368–1437) and Sir William Tyndall became one of the heirs to the elective throne of Bohemia.
John Nichols relates that a delegation of Bohemian boyars were sent to England to offer him the throne but that he refused, the Habsburgs succeeding to a throne they held (with one interruption) until 1918.
There was an oral tradition at the University of Cambridge that Humphrey Tyndall, brother of Sir John Tyndall of Mapplestead and uncle (or great uncle) of the eminent deist Dr Matthew Tindal, was again offered the throne by the Protestant party in Bohemia in 1620.
The most eminent member of the family, William Tyndale (c. 1494 – 1536), was the first translator of the Bible into modern English.
His great work was also one of the first vernacular Bibles to be derived from the primary Hebrew and Greek texts.
Its effect on the English church was electrifying, leading to thousands of Bibles being smuggled into England; Tyndale's individual contribution to the linguistic development of the modern English language perhaps ranks as second only to that of Shakespeare.
Aside from his life work, Tyndale was a prodigious pamphleteer, propounding a Protestant agenda that was significantly more radical than that of his protector, Martin Luther.
His radicalism, prodigious output and written battles with Thomas More eventually led to his capture near Antwerp, after which he was burnt at the stake as a heretic.
He is regarded as a martyr in the Church of England and his death is commemorated in the Book of Common Prayer.
Born in Gloucestershire, William Tyndale is known to have been the brother of Edward Tyndale of Pull Court, Gloucestershire, receiver to the lands of Lord Berkeley based on the 1533 letter of Bishop Stokesley of London.
However, all that can be surmised from data available is that William was related to Richard Tyndale and Tabitha Hitchins of Melksham Court and had brothers John and Edward, the Receiver of Berkley, but most certainly was NOT of the line of Tyndale of Hockwold.
Whilst in French imperial service, Ralph Dundas Tindal was created Baron de Tindal on 12 April 1813 by the French Emperor Napoleon (Bonaparte).
Later he joined Dutch forces and became lieutenant-general in the infantry, and on 8 July 1815, King William I of the Netherlands bestowed a knightly order on him, the Willems-Orde.
The senior branch of the English Tyndall family, last seated at Mapplestead Magna in the 17th century, died out in the direct male line in the 17th century and in the female line over a hundred years later.
The senior English branch is thus the Tindal (now Tindal-Carill-Worsley) family, whose history is related in the 1973 volume of Burke's Landed Gentry.
This family derived from Rev John Tindal, Rector of Bere Ferris, Devon, in the mid-17th century, said (in the Nichols genealogy) to have been the younger son of Sir John Tyndall of Mapplestead, the brother of Dean Humphrey Tyndall, President of Queens' College, Cambridge.
Rev John's migration to Devon (after his studies for Holy Orders) was typical of the many migrations of the Tyndall/Tyndale/Tindal/Tindell family since the late 15th century.
The use of 'Tindal' represents a more Latinised usage which was common amongst many literary figures in this era and there is evidence that it was first used by his sons, Matthew (1657–1733), Thomas (1658–1714) and Richard (1659–1697).
Matthew had been described as 'Tyndall' when at Oxford University in 1688; two of his brothers, Thomas and Richard, emigrated to Fenwick's Colony in 1674 and his other brother, John, was the father of Rev Nicolas Tindal (see below).
Rev John Tindal married Ann Hals, who was descended from the Fortescue and Clifford families and was the first cousin of Thomas, Lord Clifford, Lord High Treasurer of England to Charles II.
Through this connection and those of Diana Pocklington, the wife of Capt George Tindal, RN, Lord Chief Justice Tindal (see below) was descended from Lords Chief Justices Sir William Yelverton and Sir John Fortescue and from Sir Roger Manwood, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.
Dr Matthew Tindal (1657–1733), a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, where he lived for most of his life, was an important figure in the early English Enlightenment.
Born during the Commonwealth to the above-mentioned Rev John Tindal, he appears to have been an opportunist in his youth, turning to Rome under James II.
This seminal tract, which had enduring influence on German deism in particular, represented that no true religion could rely on any doctrines that could not be divined through human reason.
Thus, Christianity, if a true religion, has no need of revelation to support its dogmas and must be as old as the Creation.
His writings provoked scandal and his book was burned by the public hangman, in addition to provoking a number of replies.
Dr Tindal's nephew, Rev Nicolas Tindal (1687–1774), was the translator and continuer of the History of England by Paul de Rapin.
Something of a controversialist, he was also known for having been defrauded of his uncle's inheritance by Eustace Brugnell, leading to some lines of Alexander Pope.
Rector of two livings, Chaplain of Greenwich Hospital and a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, Tindal was sufficiently prosporous to allow his son, Capt George Tindal RN to settle in Coval Hall, Chelmsford.
Capt George Tindal's grandson, Rev William Tindal (1756–1804), was a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford and chaplain of the Tower of London.
His career first came to public notice when he acted for Queen Caroline in the famous attempt of George IV to divorce her in the House of Lords.
Whilst Lord Chief Justice, he sat in the famous case of Daniel M'Naghten, who had attempted to assassinate Robert Peel, and derived from the common law the defence of insanity.
Sir Nicolas's second son, Vice Admiral (1810–1876), joined the Royal Navy as a boy, in 1825 and had an adventurous, wide-ranging and distinguished career.
Promoted lieutenant in 1832, by 1836 he was in the sloop 'Vestal' on the North American station and later the sloop 'Calliope' on the South American station.
In 1841 he was in China, where he was present at the Battle of Chuenpi, the storming of Wampea reach and at attacks on Canton.
In recognition of his role in these raids, he was promoted commander that year and given command of the sloop 'Pylades', which he brought home from the east in 1843.
Sir Nicolas's youngest brother, Charles, a commander in the Royal Navy, became Governor of the Bank of England in the west of England.
Having started his career on explorations of New South Wales, he leased a cattle station before buying the Ramornie station on the Orana River, near Grafton in NSW.
In addition to cattle breeding, he was a highly successful breeder of racehorses, both in Australia and England, where he retained his father's property of Fir Grove, Hampshire.
One, Wing Cdr Archibald Tindal, who was killed during the bombing of Darwin on 19 February 1942, became the first RAAF airman to be killed on the Australian mainland during World War II.
Sir Nicolas ultimately left no descendants in the male line, though a branch of the Bosanquet family are his descendants and Reginald Bosanquet, the broadcaster for ITN, was his great great grandson.
Members of the main branch of the English family descend from his brother, Thomas Tindal of Aylesbury, Clerk of the Peace for Buckinghamshire.
Chaplin was a great great grandson of Sir Francis Chaplin, Lord Mayor of London in 1677 and the great grandfather of Sir Arthur Havelock, Governor of Sierra Leone and Tasmania.
Thomas's son, Acton Tindal, Lord of the Manor of Aylesbury, married Henrietta Euphemia Harrison, an eminent poet and descendant of Francis Turner, one of the seven Bishops to defy James II and his Declaration of Indulgences, Sir Francis Windebank, Secretary of State to Charles I, and Sir Edmund Plowden, the eminent Elizabethan jurist.
Elizabeth was a descendant of Erasmus Darwin, the 2nd Earl of Portmore, the Lord Monteagle who foiled the Gunpowder Plot and Charles Worsley of Platt, one of Oliver Cromwell's most trusted Major Generals, to whom was entrusted the Mace when Cromwell famously cried 'rid me of that bauble' in expelling the House of Commons in 1652.
His brother, Anthony, son, Matthew and niece and nephew William and Harriet together run Tindal Wines in England and Ireland (www.tindalwine.com, www.tindalwines.co.uk).
A branch of the family settled in Ireland in the Middle Ages, and manuscript genealogical records of these exist in Trinity College Dublin.
Another William Tyndall is mentioned in the 1659 census as living in Duganstowne, Catherlagh (County Carlow), co-owned by him and a Richard Andrewes as tituladoes.
Similarly, a John Tyndall came from Gloucestershire to Ireland during the Wars of Rebellion and had a grant of land confirmed to him in 1668.
Amongst the landed gentry in Ireland in the 19th century, Tyndalls appeared established with estates and seats at Ballyanne House, and Berkeley Forest, both in New Ross, County Wexford, and Prospect Hall, County Kilkenny, as well as in County Carlow, and Kildevin, County Westmeath, and Dublin City.
John Tyndall (1820–1893) from Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland, a staunch Protestant Unionist, was a well-known physicist from Ireland, who discovered the Tyndall effect.
A relative, another John Tyndall of Newcastle ran a forge, coachmaking and saddlery, in the middle of the 19th century, and his grandson, David P. Tyndall (1890–1970), from Chapelizod, became a prominent Irish businessman in the 20th century, who founded the firm D. Tyndall & Sons, as well as several other companies, and consolidated and modernised the wholesale trade sector, introducing the SPAR chain into Ireland.
John Hutchyns Tyndall (1934–2005) born Exeter, Devon, England, was a British politician who was involved in a number of nationalist movements in post-war Britain, best known for leading the National Front in the 1970s and founding the contemporary British National Party (BNP) in 1982.
First Lieutenant (Air Service) Frank Benjamin Tyndall, United States Army Air Service flew as an Ace Fighter Pilot with 22d Aero Squadron.
43, W.D., 1918), LT. Frank B. Tyndall is cited by the Commanding General, American Expeditionary Forces, for gallantry in action and a Silver Star may be placed upon the ribbon of the Victory Medals awarded him.
First Lieutenant Tyndall distinguished himself by gallantry in action while serving with the 22d Aero Squadron, American Expeditionary Forces, in action near Conflans, France, 29 October 1918, in pursuing an enemy Fokker far within the enemy's lines and bringing it down.
STS-89 was originally scheduled to return Wendy B. Lawrence but returned David A. Wolf (Mir 24–25 / STS-86) and left Andrew Thomas on Mir.
Getaway Special experiments included the University of Michigan G-093 – Vortex Ring Transit Experiment (VORTEX), the German Aerospace Center and University Giessen G-141 – Structure of Marangoni Convection in Floating Zones Payload, the German Aerospace Center and the Technical University of Clausthal G-145 Glass Fining Experiment and the Chinese Academy of Sciences G-432 canister containing 5 crystal growth and material sciences experiments.
The white inside line in the shape of the number eight and the nine stars symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.
The goals of Neurolab were to study basic research questions and to increase the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for neurological and behavioral changes in space.
Specifically, experiments would study the adaptation of the vestibular system and space adaptation syndrome, the adaptation of the central nervous system and the pathways which control the ability to sense location in the absence of gravity, and the effect of microgravity on a developing nervous system.
Other agencies participating in the mission included six institutes of the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research, as well as the space agencies of Canada, France, Germany, and Japan, and the European Space Agency.
Neurolab's 26 experiments targeted one of the most complex and least understood parts of the human body – the nervous system.
Primary goals were to conduct basic research in neurosciences and expand understanding of how the nervous system develops and functions in space.
Cooperative effort of NASA, several domestic partners and the space agencies of Canada (CSA), France (CNES) and Germany (DLR), as well as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA).
This was the 16th and last scheduled flight of the ESA-developed Spacelab module although Spacelab pallets would continue to be used on the International Space Station.
Research conducted as planned, with the exception of the Mammalian Development Team, which had to reprioritize science activities because of the unexpected high mortality rate of neonatal rats on board.
Working with engineers on the ground a week into the flight, the on-orbit crew used aluminum tape to bypass a suspect valve in the Regenerative Carbon Dioxide Removal System that had threatened to cut short the mission.
Mission Management Team considered, but decided against, extending the mission one day because the science community indicated an extended flight was not necessary and weather conditions were expected to deteriorate after planned landing on Sunday, 3 May.
This Phase 1 Program was a precursor to the International Space Station maintaining a continuous American presence in space and developing the procedures and hardware required for an international partnership in space.
The mission was the first to use the super lightweight external tank (SLWT) which was the same size, at long and in diameter, as the external tank used on previous launches, but lighter.
The tank was made of an aluminium lithium alloy and the tank's structural design had also been improved making it 30 percent stronger and 5 percent less dense.
The walls of the redesigned hydrogen tank were machined in an orthogonal waffle-like pattern, providing more strength and stability than the previous design.
The transfer wrapped up a total of 907 days spent by seven U.S. astronauts aboard the Russian space station as long-duration crew members.
During the next four days, the Mir 25 and STS-91 crews transferred more than of water, and almost of cargo experiments and supplies were exchanged between the two spacecraft.
When the hatches closed for undocking at 9:07 am, 8 June, and the spacecraft separated at 12:01 pm that day, the final Shuttle-Mir docking mission was concluded and Phase 1 of the International Space Station (ISS) program came to an end.
On 3 June 1998 the crew was able to set up a bypass system that allowed AMS data to be downlinked via S-band/FM communications when the orbiter came within range of a ground station.
Television broadcasts from Mir were prevented by a problem between a Russian ground station and the mission control center outside Moscow, limiting communications to audio only on NASA television.
Other experiments conducted by the Shuttle crew during the mission included a checkout of the orbiter's robot arm to evaluate new electronics and software and the Orbiter Space Vision System for use during assembly missions for the ISS.
It was a highly publicized mission due to former Project Mercury astronaut and United States Senator John H. Glenn Jr.'s return to space for his second space flight.
Scientific objectives on this mission were not limited to furthering an understanding of the human body, but also to increase astronomical understanding with regards to the Sun, and how it affects life on Earth.
The Spartan 201 spacecraft was released by the crew, flying free from the Shuttle, studying the acceleration of the solar wind that originates in the sun's solar corona.
The launch was rare in that the official launch weather forecast provided by the 45th Weather Squadron was 100 percent for favorable weather for launch as well as the Shuttle Landing Facility.
Bill Clinton became the second incumbent U.S. President to witness a rocket launch, joined by his wife Hillary on the roof of the Vehicle Assembly Building; and the only one to attend a Shuttle launch (President Richard Nixon witnessed the launch of Apollo 12).
The primary objectives included conducting a variety of science experiments in the pressurized Spacehab module, the deployment and retrieval of the Spartan free-flyer payload, and operations with the HST Orbital Systems Test (HOST) and the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH) payloads carried in the payload bay.
A variety of experiments sponsored by NASA, the Japanese Space Agency (NASDA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) focused on life sciences, microgravity sciences and advanced technology during the flight.
It was designed to investigate physical conditions and processes of the hot outer layers of the Sun's atmosphere, or solar corona.
NASA expected that information collected during this mission would lead to a much better understanding of the solar winds that directly influence orbiting satellites and weather conditions on Earth which in turn impact television and phone communications.
On its previous mission, STS-87 in November 1997, Spartan developed problems shortly after being deployed from the Shuttle and had to be brought back into the Shuttle's payload bay by spacewalk.
These problems were due with the attitude control system for fine pointing toward solar targets, and Spartan was cleared for use again on STS-95.
The Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test (HOST) platform carried experiments to validate components planned for installation during the third Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission and to evaluate new technologies in an earth orbiting environment.
The NICMOS Cooling System allowed for zero-g verification of a reverse turbocharged Brayton cycle cooler, which allowed for longer life operation than the dewar system used on Hubble at the time.
The HST 486 computer allowed for the identification of any radiation-susceptible parts in the DF-224 replacement computer to be carried on the third servicing mission, and demonstrate hardware and software responses to Single Event Upsets (SEUs).
A fiber optic line test used the same 4 kbit/s data stream that was sent to the orbiter's Payload Data Interrogator (PDI) and routed to a laptop computer for post-flight comparison.
The six experiments that made up the IEH payload were the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (SEH) payload, which obtained EUV and FUV fluxes that are required when studying the Earth's upper atmosphere; an Ultraviolet Spectrograph Telescope for Astronomical Research (UVSTAR) payload designed to measure EUV fluxes which could be used to form images of extended plasma sources (ex.
); the STAR-LITE payload which made observations of extended and diffused astrophysical targets; the CONCAP-IV payload designed to grow thin films via physical vapor transport; the Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (PANSAT) payload which was managed by the Department of Defense Space Test Program, and involved a small deployable satellite that stored and transmitted digital communications to PANSAT ground stations; and a Getaway Special (GAS) payload.
This series of experiments conducted on Glenn during the mission was sponsored by NASA and the National Institute on Aging, and based on the fact that the aging process and a space flight experience share a number of similar physiological responses.
Shortly before the flight, researchers learned that Glenn had to be disqualified from another of the flight's two main priority human experiments (about the effects of melatonin) because he did not meet one of study's medical conditions; he still participated in two other experiments about sleep monitoring and protein use.
In addition to becoming the oldest person to fly into space, Glenn also became the third sitting member of Congress to do so.
Other astronauts who later entered politics include Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17), later senator from New Mexico, and Jack Swigert (Apollo 13), who was elected to Congress in Colorado but died before being sworn in.
In a reprise of his first space flight, while in orbit, Glenn was greeted again by the citizens of Perth and Rockingham in Australia.
The award is given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.
There was some concern that the drag chute could deploy prematurely prior to touchdown, and the decision was made not to use the chute during landing rollout.
The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast.
NASA had begun a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen and often has a particular meaning to an individual member of the crew, or it is somehow applicable to their situation.
It depicts a stylized blue Space Shuttle with yellow, red, and blue streamers coming from its stern that represent the global benefits of the mission's science experiments and the solar science objectives of the Spartan satellite.
The mission payloads—microgravity material science, medical research for humans on Earth and in space, and astronomy—represent three major scientific fields and are symbolized in the insignia by rocket plumes.
Other payloads on the STS-88 mission included the IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC), the Argentine Scientific Applications Satellite-S (SAC-A), the MightySat 1 Hitchhiker payload, the Space Experiment Module (SEM-07) and Getaway Special G-093 sponsored by the University of Michigan.
To begin the assembly sequence, the crew conducted a series of rendezvous maneuvers similar to those conducted on other Shuttle missions to reach the orbiting FGB.
Once the two elements were docked, Ross and Newman conducted two scheduled spacewalks to connect power and data cables between the Node, PMAs and the FGB.
Reflecting the international cooperation involved in building the largest space complex in history, Commander Robert Cabana and Russian Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev opened the hatch to the U.S.-built Unity connecting module and floated into the new station together.
The rest of the crew followed and began turning on lights and unstowing gear in the roomy hub to which other modules would be connected in the future.
Each passageway within Unity was marked by a sign leading the way into tunnels to which new modules would later be connected.
About an hour later, Robert Cabana and Sergei Krikalev opened the hatch to the Russian-built Zarya control module, which was the nerve center for the station in its embryonic stage.
Joined by Pilot Frederick Sturckow and Mission Specialists Jerry Ross, James H. Newman and Nancy Currie, Cabana and Krikalev hailed the historic entrance into the International Space Station and said the hatch opening signified the start of a new era in space exploration.
The astronauts also conducted a successful test of the videoconferencing capability of the early communications system, which was used by the first crew to permanently occupy the station in November 2000 (Expedition 1).
Newman downlinked greetings to controllers in the station flight control room in Houston and to astronaut Bill Shepherd, who commanded the first crew and lived aboard the station with Krikalev and Cosmonaut Yuri Gidzenko.
Krikalev and Currie replaced a faulty unit in Zarya which controlled the discharging of stored energy from one of the module's six batteries.
The battery had not been working properly in its automatic configuration, but the new unit was functioning normally shortly after it was installed.
The astronauts also unstowed hardware and logistical supplies stored behind panels in Zarya, relocating the items for use by the Shuttle crew that was to visit the station in May 1999 and by Shepherd's expedition crew.
Jerry Ross and Jim Newman checked out the spacesuits they would use on the three EVAs and prepared the shuttle's airlock for use during the spacewalks.
The spacewalkers also tested the redesigned SAFER jet packs, to be used in the event an astronaut became separated from the spacecraft during a spacewalk.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
STS-96 was a logistics and resupply mission for the International Space Station carrying the Spacehab Double Module (DM) 13th Spacehab overall (6th dual module use).
Other payloads on STS-96 were the Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Networking Equipment (STARSHINE), the Shuttle Vibration Forces Experiment (SVF) and the Orbiter Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring – HEDS Technology Demonstration (IVHM HTD).
The STARSHINE satellite consists of an inert, hollow sphere covered by 1,000 evenly distributed, flat, polished mirrors, each 1 inch in diameter.
Additional HH equipment consists of one Hitchhiker Ejection System Electronics (HESE), one 5.0 cubic-foot (142 L) HH canister, and one Adapter Beam Assembly (ABA).
The purpose of the mission was to train international student volunteer observers to visually track this optically reflective spacecraft during morning and evening twilight intervals for several months, calculate its orbit from shared observations, and derive atmospheric density from drag-induced changes in its orbit over time.
The Shuttle Vibration Forces (SVF) Experiment provided flight measurements of the vibratory forces acting between an aerospace payload and its mounting structure.
The force transducers were incorporated into four custom brackets which replaced the existing brackets used to attach the 5 ft (1.5 m) standard canister to the side wall GAS adapter beam.
The purpose of the Orbiter Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring- HEDS Technology Demonstration (IVHM HTD) was to demonstrate competing modern, off-the-shelf sensing technologies in an operational environment to make informed design decisions for the eventual Orbiter upgrade IVHM.
The objective of IVHM was to reduce planned ground processing, streamline problem troubleshooting (unplanned ground processing), enhance visibility into systems operation and improve overall vehicle safety.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
STS-103 had four scheduled Extravehicular Activity (EVA) days where four crew members worked in pairs on alternating days to renew and refurbish the telescope.
NASA officials decided to move up part of the servicing mission that had been scheduled for June 2000 after three of the telescope's six gyroscopes failed.
Four new gyros were installed during the first servicing mission (STS-61) in December 1993 and all six gyros were working during the second servicing mission (STS-82) in February 1997.
The Hubble team believed they understood the cause of the failures, although they could not be certain until the gyros were returned from space.
Having fewer than three working gyroscopes would have precluded science observations, although the telescope would have remained safely in orbit until a servicing crew arrived.
It is believed that oxygen in the pressurized air used during the assembly process caused the wires to corrode and break.
In addition to replacing all six gyroscopes on the December flight, the crew replaced a Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) and the spacecraft's computer.
The new computer was 20 times faster and had six times the memory of the DF-224 computer previously used on Hubble.
A voltage/temperature improvement kit (VIK) was also installed to protect spacecraft batteries from overcharging and overheating when the spacecraft goes into safe mode.
The new recorder could hold approximately 10 times as much data as the old unit (12 gigabytes instead of 1.2 gigabytes).
It protects the telescope from the severe and rapid temperature changes it experiences during each 90 minute orbit as it moves from sunlight to darkness.
The unique project provided elementary schools (selected on a rotating basis) with special posters to be autographed by students, then scanned onto disks and carried aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was an international project spearheaded by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and NASA, with participation of the German Aerospace Center DLR.
SRTM used C-band and X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) to acquire topographic data of Earth's land mass (between 60°N and 56°S).
It produced digital topographic map products which met Interferometric Terrain Height Data (ITHD)-2 specifications (30 meter x 30 meter spatial sampling with 16 meter absolute vertical height accuracy, 10 meter relative vertical height accuracy and 20 meter absolute horizontal circular accuracy).
Besides contributing to the production of better maps, these measurements could lead to improved water drainage modeling, more realistic flight simulators, better locations for cell phone towers, and enhanced navigation safety.
The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission mast was deployed successfully to its full length, and the antenna was turned to its operation position.
Crewmembers split into two shifts so they could work around the clock, and began mapping an area from 60 degrees north to 56 degrees south.
Data was sent to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for analysis, and early indications showed the data to be of excellent quality.
Mapping proceeded fairly smoothly, but during an attitude-hold period for payload mapping during the second day of flight, it was determined that orbiter propellant usage had doubled from 0.07 to 0.15% an hour.
The increase was caused by a failure of the payload cold-gas thrust system that was used to offset the gravity gradient torque of the mast.
As a result of this failure, orbiter propellant was being used at a higher-than-planned rate to maintain the attitude of the vehicle.
Measures to reduce the expenditure were evaluated and based on the analysis, enough propellant could be saved to complete the planned 9-day plus science mission.
Only about in scattered areas remained unimaged, most of them in North America and most already well mapped by other methods.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
STS-101 traveled 4.1 million miles and completed 155 revolutions of the earth and landed on runway 15 at Kennedy Space Center.
STS-101 was originally planned to arrive after the Service Module Zvezda, but when Zvezda fell further behind, mission 2A.2 was split into 2A.2a and 2A.2b, the former arriving before Zvezda and the latter arriving after.
The original plan for STS-101 was to have crewmembers perform a spacewalk to connect cables to Zvezda, but when the module slipped, so did the EVA, and the three spacewalk crewmembers Lu, Williams, and Malenchenko followed their EVA onto STS-106.
Needing three additional crew for STS-101, the Expedition 2 crew of Voss, Helms, and Usachov joined the STS-101 crew for a short mission to their future home.
STS-101 delivered supplies to the International Space Station, hauled up using a Spacehab double module and an Integrated Cargo Carrier pallet.
Detailed objectives included ISS ingress/safety to take air samples, monitor carbon dioxide, deploy portable, personal fans, measure air flow, rework/modify ISS ducting, replace air filters, and replace Zarya fire extinguishers and smoke detectors.
Critical replacements, repairs and spares were also done to replace four suspect batteries on Zarya, replace failed or suspect electronics for Zarya's batteries, replace Radio Telemetry System memory unit, replace port early communications antenna, replace Radio Frequency Power Distribution Box and clear Space Vision System target.
The station was also resupplied with water, a docking mechanism accessory kit, film and video tape for documentation, office supplies and personal items.
Crew health maintenance items were also transferred including exercise equipment, medical support supplies, formaldehyde monitor kit and a passive dosimetry system.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Space Station assembly flight ISS-2A.2b utilized the SPACEHAB Double Module and the Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) to bring supplies to the station.
Veteran Astronaut Terrence Wilcutt (Col., USMC) lead the seven-man crew, commanding his second Shuttle flight and making his fourth trip into space.
Zvezda, which linked up to the ISS on 26 July, served as the early living quarters for the station and is the cornerstone of the Russian contribution to the ISS.
The STS-101 flight was originally planned to carry cargo to the ISS and have three crew perform an EVA to connect Zvezda to the ISS, but the delays caused the mission objectives of STS-101 to be split into 2A.2a (STS-101) and 2A.2b (STS-106).
The goal of the flight was to prepare Zvezda for the arrival of the first residents, or Expedition, crew later in the fall of 2000 and the start of a permanent human presence on the new outpost.
On flight day three, Dr. Ed Lu and Yuri Malenchenko (Col., Russian Air Force), who were both making their second flights into space, conducted a 6-hour and 14 minute space walk.
The spacewalk's objective focused on routing and connecting nine power, data and communications cables between the Zvezda module and the other Russian-built module, Zarya, as well as installing the six-foot-long magnetometer.
The magnetometer would serve as a three-dimensional compass designed to minimize Zvezda propellant usage by relaying information to the module's computers regarding its orientation relative to the Earth.
Lu and Malenchenko used tethers and handrails along the ISS to make their way to a point more than 100 feet above the cargo bay, the farthest any tethered spacewalker has ventured outside the shuttle.
They completed this with the assistance of their crewmates Burbank and Mastracchio who deftly maneuvered them around with the robotic arm.
Lu, designated EV 1, wore the space suit marked by red stripes, while Malenchenko, EV 2, wore the pure white suit.
This was Lu's first space walk, while Malenchenko had conducted a pair of space walks totaling 12 hours during his four-month stay aboard Mir in 1994.
Mission Specialist Rick Mastracchio, also a spaceflight novice, was the prime robot arm operator for the mission, using the Canadian-built arm to move Lu and Malenchenko around the ISS as they conducted their assembly work.
On flight day four the crew entered the International Space Station through Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 (PMA-2) to begin the transfer operations of more than three tons of hardware and supplies.
Transfer of supplies and maintenance tasks continued well into the fifth day, while orbiter consumables remained above the required levels allowing managers to extend the mission one additional day.
Components of the Elektron system, equipment sent into orbit to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen, were installed and would be activated after the first crew arrives.
The crew transferred more than 6,000 pounds of material – including six 100-pound bags of water, all of the food for the first resident crew, office supplies, onboard environmental supplies, a vacuum cleaner and a computer and monitor – to the interior of the station.
The astronauts spent a total of 5 days, 9 hours and 21 minutes inside the station before closing the hatch on the orbiting outpost.
Wilcutt and Altman commanded a series of four altitude boosts to place the station in an orbit of approximately 241 by 233 statute miles, raising the average altitude by .
Wilcutt and his crewmates, Pilot Scott Altman and Mission Specialists Ed Lu, Rick Mastracchio, Dan Burbank, Yuri Malenchenko and Boris Morukov completed the 23rd consecutive landing of a shuttle at the Florida spaceport, and the 30th landing of a Shuttle at the Cape in the last 31 flights.
STS-92 was an ISS assembly flight that brought the Z1 truss, Control Moment Gyros, Pressurized Mating Adapter-3 (PMA-3) (mounted on a Spacelab pallet) and two DDCU (Heat pipes) to the space station.
The CMGs (Control Moment Gyros) weigh about and provide non-propulsive (electrically powered) attitude control when activated on flight 5A, and PMA-3 provides shuttle docking port for solar array installation on flight 4A and Destiny Lab installation on flight 5A.
Over the course of four scheduled spacewalks, two teams of space walkers and an experienced robot arm operator collaborated to install the Z1 (Z for zenith port) truss structure on top of the U.S.
Unity connecting node on the growing station and to deliver the third Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA 3) to the ISS for the future berthing of new station components and to accommodate shuttle dockings.
The Z1 truss was the first permanent lattice-work structure for the ISS, very much like a girder, setting the stage for the future addition of the station's major trusses or backbones.
The Z1 fixture also served as the platform on which the huge U.S. solar arrays were mounted on the next shuttle assembly flight, STS-97.
The Z1 contains four large gyroscopic devices, called Control Moment Gyroscope (CMGs), which are used to maneuver the space station into the proper orientation on orbit once they were activated following the installation of the U.S. laboratory.
During the fourth spacewalk, astronauts Wisoff and López-Alegría tested the SAFER jet backpack, flying up to 50 feet while remaining tethered to the spacecraft.
He was born at Esslingen, Württemberg, the son of Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (1787-1860), a clergyman and professor at Bonn, who was also a botanist and mineralogist.
Having received his early education at the evangelical seminary at Maulbronn, Ferdinand proceeded to the University of Tübingen and the Tübinger Stift; there, under Friedrich August von Quenstedt, the interest he already felt in geology became permanently fixed, and he obtained his doctor's degree and a travelling scholarship.
In 1852 he joined the staff of the Imperial Geological Survey of Austria and was engaged until 1856 in parts of Bohemia, especially in the Bohemian Forest, and in the Fichtel Hills and Karlsbad mountains.
Thus he came to be chosen as geologist to the Novara expedition (1857–59), and made numerous valuable observations in the voyage round the world.
His survey of old Lake Rotomahana and the Pink and White Terraces provides the only primary evidence of the Terrace locations today.
Between 2016 and 2020, his survey diary was reverse engineered to provide the coordinates of the Pink, Black and White Terraces.
On his return he was appointed in 1860 professor of mineralogy and geology at the Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute in Vienna; from 1874 to 1875 he was the rector there.
In these later years he explored portions of Turkey and eastern Russia, and he published papers on a variety of geological, palaeontological and mineralogical subjects.
Detailed descriptions in his diaries were helpful in 2011, when researchers managed to locate the silica terraces on Lake Rotomahana, which was buried in the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera.
Hochstetter Peak on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica is named after Hochstetter, as are New Zealand's Mount Hochstetter (West Coast Region) and the Hochstetter Dome and Hochstetter Icefall close to the Tasman Glacier.
The crew installed the first set of solar arrays to the ISS, prepared a docking port for arrival of the Destiny Laboratory Module, and delivered supplies for the station's crew.
During the 11-day mission, the primary objective was completed, which was to deliver and connect the first set of U.S.-provided solar arrays and the P6 Truss to the International Space Station.
The successful checkout of the Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs), the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) units, the Canadarm (RMS), the Orbiter Space Vision System (OSVS) and the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) were all completed nominally.
On flight day 4, the Expedition 1 Commander William Shepherd, Pilot Yuri Gidzenko and Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev – entered the Unity Module for the first time and retrieved the items left for them.
At 09:36 EST on 8 December 2000 the crew paid the first visit to the Expedition 1 crew residing in the space station.
Until then the shuttle and the station had kept one hatch closed to maintain respective atmospheric pressures, allowing the shuttle crew to conduct their spacewalks and mission goals.
After a welcome ceremony and briefing, the eight spacefarers conducted structural tests of the station and its solar arrays, transferred equipment, supplies and refuse back and forth between the spacecraft, and checked out the television camera cable installed by Tanner and Noriega for the upcoming mission.
On 9 December 2000 the two crews completed final transfers of supplies to the station and other items being returned to Earth.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
All mission objectives were completed and the shuttle reentered and landed safely at Edwards Air Force Base on 20 February 2001, after twelve days in space, six of which were spent docked to the ISS.
Mark C. Lee was scheduled to fly as Mission Specialist 1 on his fifth trip to space, but due to undisclosed reasons, he was removed from this flight.
Upon transport to Kennedy Space Center's industrial buildings, it was fitted with equipment, machines, racks and cables at the Operations and Checkout Building and Space Station Processing Facility.
It is made from stainless steel and aluminum, and comprises three cylindrical sections and two end-cones that contain the hatch openings through which astronauts enter and exit the module.
The crew relocated PMA 2 to the holding area on the Z1 truss temporarily, before using the Shuttle's robotic arm to lift out the 14.5 ton steel module out of the Shuttle's payload bay, and permanently berthed it on the forward hatch of Node 1.
Spacewalks conducted by Thomas Jones and Robert Curbeam reattached electrical cables to the stainless steel hull and connecting ports on Destiny, and also checked the laboratory's nadir window.
The Shuttle spent six days docked to the station while the laboratory was attached and three spacewalks were conducted to complete its assembly.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
STS-102 flew in March 2001; its primary objectives were resupplying the ISS and rotating the Expedition 1 and Expedition 2 crews.
Space Station Assembly Flight ISS-5A.1 was the first use of the Multi Purpose Logistics Module (Leonardo) to bring supplies to the station.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
The highest priority objectives of the flight were the installation, activation and checkout of the Canadarm2 robotic arm on the station.
The arm - manufactured by MDA Space Missions under contract of the Canadian Space Agency and NASA, went into operation on April 28, 2001.
The final component of the Canadarm is the Mobile Base System (MBS), which was installed on board the station during the STS-111 flight.
Remaining objectives included the transfer of other equipment to the station such as an Ultra-High Frequency communications antenna and a spare electronics component to be attached to the exterior during space walks.
Finally, the transfer of supplies and water for use aboard the station, the transfer of experiments and experiment racks to the complex, and the transfer of items for return to Earth from the station to the shuttle were among the objectives.
Endeavour also boosted the station's altitude and performed a flyaround survey of the complex, including recording views of the station with an IMAX cargo bay camera.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Iran Khodro was founded by Ahmad Khayami, with registered in the capital of 100,000,000 Rls, on August 29, 1962 Aliakbar Khayami, Ahmad Khayami, Mahmoud Khayami, Marzieh Khayami and Zahra Seyedy Dashty, in Ekbatan world in Tehran.
Iran Khodro Industrial Group (IKCOOS) is a public joint stock company with the objective of creation and management of factories to manufacture various types of vehicles and parts as well as selling and exporting them.
The opening of the country's largest car assembly plant in Razavi Khorasan in July 2008 is expected to increase capacity with the ability to turn out 100,000 vehicles per year by late 2009.
Iran Khodro, the largest car manufacturer in the Middle East, produced 774,965 units of passenger cars and commercial vehicles in 2010 and aims to produce and market 850 thousand cars in 2011.
Iran Khodro has qualified for ISO 9001 from , Germany, as well as many other health, safety, and environment certificates including ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
For more than three decades, Iran Khodro produced the Paykan, a car developed from the Rootes Group's Rootes Arrow range, best known as the Hillman Hunter.
Paykan saloon car production was discontinued in 2005, almost thirty years after the end of Arrow production (latterly as the Chrysler Hunter) in Britain.
Bardo Pick-up, pick-up version of Paykan, will be replaced by a new pick-up called the Arisun which is related to the Samand .
The firm has a long-term relationship with European and Asian manufacturers including PSA Peugeot Citroën, manufacturing and assembling a number of models under license from these firms.
In 2009, Peugeot 206, Peugeot Pars, Peugeot 405, Peugeot Roa, and Samand sedans were IKCO's export-bound cars sent to Azerbaijan, Iraq, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Syria and Afghanistan.
Four years later, in 2016, after reaching Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action between Iran and E3+3, Iran Khodro and Peugeot decided to make 50%-50% joint venture named IKAP to start the relations again.
Renault Pars is in charge of the engineering, quality control, parts supply, logistics, managing sales policies as well as marketing and customer services for Renault products in Iran and IKCO is one of its main shareholders that produces Tondar for the domestic market.
In a joint-venture with Daimler AG, Iran Khodro is to start production of sophisticated 900-class Mercedes-Benz engines; Daimler states that Iranian-made engines will be exported to Germany.
As of 2015, the company's 7-year strategic plans for product development are in body design, die making, suspension, powertrain, trim and car electronics.
Newsly Italian car design firm 'Pininfarina' signed a €70 million 36-month contract with Iran's biggest car producer, Iran Khodro Group on for the development of four new models and to give the carmaker a second wind in research and development of new models.
The agreement will help develop a modular automotive platform for four different vehicles, and the first passenger car of the medium segment of the market, a press release from the Italian firm said.
IKCO has 12 production site around the globe, 6 sites in within borders of Iran and 6 other in IKCO's main export markets.
In its five-year (2012–17) future growth prospective, IKCO envisions an annual manufacturing capacity of three million units, with exports of a million units per year.
Since Iran Khodro group new movement through international markets in year 2004, the company has exported more than 150,000 units of cars in different classes and models to other countries mainly in the Middle East and CIS region.
IKCO intends to export 9% of its output in 2011, amounting to 75,000 vehicles, before reaching 16% in exports by 2014.
IKCO also hopes to take a 51% share of the Iranian market in 2011, while improving the quality of its products.
Iran Khodro started to design a new range of engines for its products in 2007 in a joint with F.E.V of Germany.
The first EF series engine officially shown to the public in 2008 is EF7 which is currently powering Samand LX car in Iran.
EF7 turbocharged engines were initially shown to the public in mid-2009 and will be installed on Soren ELX by last 2010.
Other EF series engines named EF4 & EFD (Diesel) engines design are finished and they are being tested for mass production by Iran Khodro.
The engine has achieved emission standard of Euro 5, featuring a Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) as well as a new Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR).
SAPCO had been established in 1993 to manage the supplying chain of automotive parts in IKCO, with the main aim of being the best and most respected supplier of automotive parts and technical services.
ISACO Kish, is one the subordinate companies of ISACO which is assigned with the task of supplying after-sale services to IKCO vehicles in the international markets.
In 2011, 37 percent of the needed spare parts were globally outsourced and ISACO aims to reduce this amount to 23 percent.
The main activity of this engineering services company is in the field of power train including design and development, testing, adjusting, product engineering, and quality assurance processes in mass production and design production.
This subsidiary of IKCO is competent in other fields such as designing, installing and commissioning of testing equipments (hardware and software) of automotive parts, engines and vehicles as well.
The company has designed and completed projects of the SAMAND production line in Syria, Venezuela and Senegal without help of foreign companies, relying on its own knowledge and technology.
Samand Investment Co. was established as a Corporation in 2004 with the purpose of the identification of investment opportunities, analysis and evaluation of the stock market and creating income for shareholders.
In 1999 Iran Khodro Company merged its bus and midi-bus production lines with Khawar Industrial Group truck production lines together and the new company Iran Khodro Diesel, public joint stock was established to manufacture different types of commercial vehicles for domestic and overseas markets.
The Joint Airlock is a pressurized flight element consisting of two cylindrical chambers attached end-to-end by a connecting bulkhead and hatch.
Once installed and activated, the ISS airlock became the primary path for International Space Station space walk entry and departure for U.S. spacesuits, which are known as Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMUs.
The Joint Airlock is 20 ft (6.1 m) long, 13 ft (4.0 m) in diameter and weighs 6.5 short tons (5.9 metric tons).
It is made from steel and aluminum, and manufactured at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) by the Space Station main contractor Boeing.
The ISS-airlock has two main components: a crew airlock and an equipment airlock for storing EVA gear and EVA preflight preps.
STS-104 also carries a spacelab pallet with four High Pressure Gas Assembly containers that were attached to the exterior of the airlock.
During the second and third excursions, they focused on the external outfitting of the Quest airlock with four High Pressure Gas Tanks, handrails and other vital equipment.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
The main purpose of STS-105 was the rotation of the International Space Station crew and the delivery of supplies utilizing the Italian-built Multi Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Leonardo on its second flight (STS-102, STS-105).
Aboard Leonardo were six Resupply Stowage Racks, four Resupply Stowage Platforms, and two new scientific experiment racks for the station's U.S. laboratory Destiny.
The Resupply Stowage Racks and Resupply Stowage Platforms were filled with Cargo Transfer Bags that contain equipment and supplies for the station.
The six Resupply Stowage Racks contained almost of cargo and the four Resupply Stowage Platforms contained about of cargo, not including the weight of the Cargo Transfer Bags, the foam packing around the cargo or the straps and fences that held the bags in place.
Also carried in the payload bay was an Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) carrying the Early Ammonia Servicer and MISSE PECs 1 & 2.
This project was a NASA/Langley Research Center-managed cooperative endeavor to fly materials and other types of space exposure experiments on the space station.
The objective was to develop early, low-cost, non-intrusive opportunities to conduct critical space exposure tests of space materials and components planned for use on future spacecraft.
Johnson Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Glenn Research Center, the Materials Laboratory at the Air Force Research Laboratory and Boeing Phantom Works were participants with Langley in the project.
Once on orbit and clamped to the host spacecraft, the PECs are opened and serve as racks to expose experiments to the space environment.
The SSPP system utilizes payload carrier systems such as the Hitchhiker, Getaway Specials and Space Experiment Modules to provide a low cost scientific research environment.
SSPP payloads on STS-105 include the Hitchhiker payload Simplesat, The Cell Growth in Microgravity GAS Canister (G-708), the Microgravity Smoldering Combustion experiment (MSC), and the Hitchiker Experiment Advancing Technology Space Experiment Module-10 payload).
This was the only Shuttle launch to go before the scheduled launch time, at the beginning, rather than the optimal middle or later, of the 10-minute launch window to rendezvous with ISS.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
After a period as assistant in the mineralogical museum, he was appointed associate professor (1837) and then professor (1841) of mineralogy and geognosy at the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.
However, he also became distinguished for his researches on palaeontology, and especially for those on the fossils of the Jurassic system.
He investigated series of ammonite fossils which appeared to represent the coiled and uncoiled forms of similar shells, and considered that they arose as 'pathological' forms.
When Maria von Linden wrote her first paper on the mineral deposits in the River Hürbe it was read at Karlsruhe's geological society (by a man) in 1890.
STS-108 was the 12th shuttle flight to visit the International Space Station and the first since the installation of the Russian airlock called Pirs on the station.
While at the station, the crew conducted one spacewalk and attached the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module to the station so that about 2.7 metric tons (3 tons) of equipment and supplies could be unloaded.
The scrub had to be called after Astronaut Office Chief Charles Precourt, flying the Shuttle Training Aircraft, detected precipitation in a cloud mass that moved into the Complex 39 area shortly before launch.
The transfer of the Expedition 4 seat-liners to the Soyuz return vehicle attached to the station marked the official exchange of crews.
The two spacewalkers stopped at a stowage bin to retrieve a cover that had been removed from a station antenna during an earlier flight, and after its return to Earth, may be reused.
The transferred items included more than 850 pounds of food, 1,000 pounds of clothing and other crew provisions, 300 pounds of experiments and associated equipment, 800 pounds of spacewalking gear, and 600 pounds of medical equipment.
On 12 December 2001, the crew and Mission Control noted a transient problem with one of the shuttle's three inertial measurement units (IMUs), the primary navigation units for the shuttle.
Only two of the three IMUs were on line at the time, with the third unit off line to save electricity.
The IMU that experienced a problem, designated IMU 2, was immediately taken off line and the third IMU brought on line.
A formal change of command ceremony took place 13 December as Expedition 3 ended its residence and Expedition 4 began theirs.
Instead, the shuttle undocked from the station, performing a quarter circle flyaround of the complex to a point about 400 feet directly above the station where it fired its engines in a final separation burn at 12:20 am EST, beginning its departure from the orbiting outpost.
These included the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility, the Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth experiment and cells from the Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support System (CBOSS).
The CBOSS equipment aboard the space station will remain active during Expedition 4, growing ovarian and colon cancer cells, as well as kidney cells in microgravity.
The Multiple Application Customized Hitchhiker-1 (MACH-1) carried a wide array of experiments, including the Prototype Synchrotron Radiation Detector, the Collisions Into Dust Experiment-2, the Capillary Pump Loop, and the Space Experiment Module (SEM).
More than 30,000 students from 660 schools in 26 countries will be tracking STARSHINE 2 as it orbits the Earth for eight months.
The students, who helped polish STARSHINE's 845 mirrors, will use the information they collect to calculate the density of the Earth's upper atmosphere.
STS-108 was the first Space Shuttle launch following the September 11 attacks, and remembering it would become a focus of the flight.
Security was increased at Kennedy Space Center for press and visitors for the launch, and press activity was more tightly controlled.
In the early morning hours of 12 September 2001, New York City Police Sergeant Gerald Kane and Detective Peter Friscia, assigned to the office of Police Commissioner Bernard B. Kerik, retrieved a large American flag that was tattered and torn and wrapped around a flag pole near in corners of Church and Chambers Street amidst the devastation of the World Trade Center site.
The 6,000 smaller flags were later given to families that lost loved ones on 9/11 and the flag retrieved from the World Trade Center site is maintained by the Office of the New York City Commissioner of Records.
Formerly known as The United Kingdom Office for Library and Information Networking, UKOLN was a centre of expertise in digital information management, providing advice and services to the library, information, education and cultural heritage communities.
Latterly it received its core funding solely from JISC, but had received core grants previously from the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council and the British Library .
UKOLN traces its roots back to 1977, when Maurice Line initiated the Bath University Programme of Catalogue Research with funding from the British Library.
This lead to the establishment, in 1979, of a research centre under the directorship of Philip Bryant, again with British Library funding.
It was known initially as the Centre for Catalogue Research, and later renamed the Centre for Bibliographic Management (CBM) to reflect its broadening research portfolio .
The combined organisation was known briefly as UKOLN: The Office for Library and Information Networking, but three years later this was simplified to the UK Office for Library and Information Networking .
Although UKOLN continued after 31 July 2013 it was significantly reduced in size and was no longer working in many of the areas which were responsible for its visibility in national and international arenas.
Initially designed to operate for 15 years, plans for periodic service and refurbishment were incorporated into its mission from the start.
After the successful completion of the second planned service mission (SM2) by the crew of STS-82 in February 1997, three of the telescope's six gyroscopes failed.
During the mission the crew installed a new science instrument, the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), new rigid solar arrays (SA3), a new Power Control Unit (PCU) and an experimental cryocooler for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS).
The STS-109 astronauts performed a total of five spacewalks in five consecutive days to service and upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope.
Accomplishments of the spacewalks included the installation of new solar arrays, a new camera, a new Power Control Unit, a Reaction Wheel Assembly and an experimental cooling system for the NICMOS unit.
Following STS-109, a total of 18 spacewalks had been conducted during four Space Shuttle missions to service Hubble (the others being STS-61, STS-82, STS-103 and STS-125) for a total of 129 hours, 10 minutes by 14 different astronauts.
The main purpose was to install the S0 Truss segment, which forms the backbone of the truss structure on the station.
The main purpose of STS-110 was to attach the stainless steel S0 Truss segment to the International Space Station (ISS) to the Destiny Laboratory Module.
It forms the backbone of the station to which the S1 and P1 truss segments were attached (on the following missions STS-112 and STS-113, respectively).
STS-110 also delivered the Mobile Transporter (MT), which is an (1,950 lb) assembly that glides down rails on the station integrated trusses.
The countdown on 8 April encountered an unscheduled hold at the T-5 minute mark due to data dropouts in a backup Launch Processing System.
STS-111, in addition to providing supplies, rotated the crews aboard the International Space Station, exchanging the three Expedition 4 members (1 Russian, 2 American) for the three Expedition 5 members (2 Russian, 1 American).
The mission also installed a component of the Canadarm2 called the Mobile Base System (MBS) to the Mobile Transporter (MT) (which was installed during STS-110); This was the second component of the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS.
STS-111 was the last flight of a CNES astronaut, the French agency having disbanded its astronaut group and transferred them to the ESA.
The information superhighway or infobahn was a popular term used through the 1990s to refer to digital communication systems and the Internet telecommunications network.
(...) Most predictions about commercial opportunities on the information superhighway focus on the provision of information products, such as video on demand, and on new sales outlets for physical products, as with home shopping.
In 1972, Andrew Targowski presented the Polish National Development Program at the State Council for Informatics, which included the plan of developing the public computer network INFOSTRADA (INFO-STRADA), where autostrada means motorway in Polish.
The light cruiser was launched on 14 December 1943; sponsored by Miss Muriel Hamilton, the daughter of Mayor J. C. Hamilton, of Vicksburg, Mississippi; and commissioned at the Norfolk Navy Yard on 12 June 1944, with Captain William C. Vose in command.
The ship was fitted out for sea at Norfolk, Virginia into July, and conducted the preliminary phases of her shakedown in Chesapeake Bay prior to sailing for the British West Indies on 7 August.
The light cruiser, then operating out of Trinidad, completed her shakedown training in the Gulf of Paria from 12–30 August, conducted shore bombardment exercises off Culebra, Puerto Rico, on 1 September, and on the following day, sailed for Hampton Roads in company with and .
She underwent a post-shakedown overhaul at the Boston Navy Yard from 11–24 September, ran standardization trials off Rockland, Maine, and then took part in naval radiation laboratory tests in the vicinity of Deer Island in Boston Harbor.
The warship departed Hampton Roads on 1 January 1945, and rendezvoused with and at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay to form Task Group (TG) 21.12.
The light cruiser then conducted exercises off Oahu, including aircraft tracking, firing at drones, fighter direction, radar calibration, and long and short range battle practices, through the end of January.
There, she was fueled from and prepared for the ship's upcoming operation, and her baptism of fire, bombarding the shore to support Operation Detachment, landings on Iwo Jima in the Japanese Volcano Islands by the 4th and 5th Marine Divisions.
Directed by the ship's spotter in an OS2U Kingfisher, the light cruiser's 6-inch guns opened up from a range of 12,000 yards, shelling enemy installations on the northern end of the island of Iwo Jima.
Still hampered by bad weather over the target, the spotters doggedly remained airborne and directed gunfire as well as they could through the spotty cloud cover.
B. Nabors, Jr. At 1414, listeners on the radio circuit heard Nabors report that his aircraft was being fired upon by Japanese anti-aircraft guns.
Shortly before 1600, the light cruiser again launched one of her brood of float planes, and, at 1618, commenced Phase IV from a range of 10,000 yards.
The torpedo churned by the bow, some 35 yards ahead of the ship, and proceeded parallel to the cruiser's port side.
Within 20 minutes, another enemy plane closed, dropped flares, and departed, hurried along on its way by antiaircraft fire from the ships of TG 58.1.
The light cruiser's battery blasted away at the intruder and scored three definite hits before 5 inch gunfire (probably from either or blasted the enemy from the sky.
Highlighting the operation for the light cruiser was firing nearly 2,300 rounds of 6 inch and 5 inch projectiles in a six-hour time span, supporting an Army advance up the southern part of the island.
Some of her targets were only a few hundred yards ahead of the advancing troops, a situation that required accurate shooting.
Five days later, on 20 August, the light cruiser departed San Pedro Bay, Leyte, as part of TU 30.3.7, in company with , , and .
The ship reached Long Beach, California on 31 October, but shifted to Portland, Oregon, on 6 November to participate in Armistice Day services before returning to Long Beach on 16 November.
The 15th-century church of St Leonard's is approached by a short climb up a path next to the old school house.
The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a group of intermountain lakes in three basins along the present-day Green River in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah.
The sediments are deposited in very fine layers, a dark layer during the growing season and a light-hue inorganic layer in the dry season.
The mean thickness of a varve here is 0.18 mm, with a minimum thickness of 0.014 mm and maximum of 9.8 mm.
The formation of intermontane basin / lake environments during the Eocene resulted from mountain building and uplift of the Rocky Mountains (late Cretaceous Sevier orogeny and the Paleogene Laramide orogeny).
Tectonic highlands supplied the Eocene sedimentary basins with sediment from all directions: the Uinta Mountains in the center; the Wind River Mountains to the north; the Front Range, Park Range and Sawatch Range of the Colorado Rockies to the east; the Uncompahgre Plateau and the San Juan Mountains to the south and finally, the Wasatch Mountains of Utah and the ranges of eastern Idaho to the west.
The lithology of the lake sediments is varied and includes sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, oil shales, coal beds, saline evaporite beds, and a variety of lacustrine limestones and dolomites.
Volcanic ash layers within the various sediments from the then active Absaroka Volcanic field to the north in the vicinity of Yellowstone and the San Juan volcanic field to the southeast provide dateable horizons within the sediments.
The Green River Formation, is the type locality for eight rare minerals: bradleyite, ewaldite, loughlinite, mckelveyite-(Y), norsethite, paralabuntsovite-Mg, shortite and wegscheiderite.
This enables the beds to be internally dated with a high degree of accuracy, and astrochronological dates agree very well with radiometric dates.
The limestone matrix is so fine-grained that fossils include rare soft parts of complete insects and fallen leaves in spectacular detail.
More than twenty-two orders of insects are represented in the Green River collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., alone.
The various fossil beds of the Green River Formation span a 5 million year period, dating to between 53.5 and 48.5 million years old.
The climate was moist and mild enough to support crocodiles, which do not tolerate frost, and the lakes were surrounded by sycamore ( e.g.
The lake system formed over underlying river deltas and shifted in the flat landscape with slight tectonic movements, receiving sediments from the Uinta highland and the Rocky Mountains to the east and north.
Lack of oxygen slowed bacterial decomposition and kept scavengers away, so leaves of palms, ferns and sycamores, some showing the insect damage they had sustained during their growth, were covered with fine-grained sediment and preserved.
The first documented records of (invertebrate) fossils from what is now called the Green River Formation are in the journals of early missionaries and explorers such as S. A. Parker, 1840, and J. C. Fremont, 1845.
Millions of fish fossils have been collected from the area, commercial collectors operating from legal quarries on state and private land have been responsible for the majority of Green River vertebrate fossils in public and private collections all over the world.
It has been estimated that the oil shale reserves could equal up to of shale oil, up to half of which may be recoverable by shale oil extraction technologies (pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution of kerogen in oil shale).
However, the estimates of recoverable oil has been questioned by geophysicist Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, who argues that the technology for recovering oil from the Green River oil shale deposit has not been developed and has not been profitably implemented at any significant scale.
The unusual chemistry of the lakes in which it was deposited makes the Green River Formation a major source of sodium carbonate.
In southwest Wyoming the formation contains the world's largest deposits of trona, and in Colorado, the world's largest deposits of nahcolite.
After shakedown in the Caribbean and training along the Atlantic coast, the new light cruiser, accompanied by her sister-ships and , departed Boston on 16 April 1944 for the Pacific, via the Panama Canal and San Diego, reaching Pearl Harbor on 6 May.
Early in August she supported raids on Iwo Jima and Haha Jima in the Bonins before steaming to Eniwetok for upkeep.
Her carriers hit Peleliu and Angaur in the Palaus, 7 September, and bombed targets in the Philippines from the 12th through the 15th.
The cruiser continued to support strikes against the Palaus and the Philippines until returning to Saipan on the 29th for replenishment.
Realizing the decisive strategic importance of the Philippines Archipelago, Japan mustered her naval force for a major counter-offensive to turn back the invasion.
Her navy converged on Leyte Gulf from three directions: a northern force steamed above Luzon to lure the 3rd Fleet north and out of the action, a center force struck through the San Bernardino Strait and followed the coast of Samar toward Leyte, and a southern force emerged through Surigao Strait to trap and destroy the amphibious ships in the gulf.
Planes from the carriers located and heavily attacked the Japanese center force in the Sibuyan Sea on 24 October, sinking and so badly damaging that she was forced to retire from action.
When Halsey learned that the center force had again reversed course and had steamed through the San Bernardino Strait to threaten the American amphibious ships off the beachhead at Leyte, he ordered Bogan's group south.
However, the Japanese ships of the center force were stopped and turned back by a handful of minor American ships: three destroyers, four destroyer escorts, and six escort carriers.
During the morning one of the ship's aircraft was carried away, and in the afternoon her hull was damaged by buckling.
On January 1945, the ship operated in air strikes on Formosa, Luzon, French Indochina, South China Coast, Hainan, and Hong Kong.
After a brief visit to Yokosuka, Japan, she steamed to the Carolines and arrived at Truk on 11 November to conduct a survey of bombing damage to the famous naval base there.
She operated on the California coast training naval reservists until decommissioning on 30 June 1947 and entering the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
Conium ( or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family Apiaceae which consists of four species accepted by The Plant List.
The GDP in Osaka-Kobe is $681 billion as measured by PPP , making it one of the world's most productive regions, a match with Paris and London.
MasterCard Worldwide reported that Osaka is the 19th ranking city of the world's leading global cities and has an instrumental role in driving the global economy.
If Keihanshin were a country, it would be the 16th-largest economy in the world, with a GDP of nearly $953.9 billion in 2012.
The Japan Statistics Bureau defines the set of municipalities that are entirely or mostly within of the Municipal Office of Osaka as one measure of the metropolitan area.
Outlying areas are those municipalities where 10% or more of the employed population work in the core area or in another outlying area.
Overlaps are not allowed and an outlying area is assigned to the core area where it has the highest commuter ratio.
This definition assigns a Metropolitan Employment Area to the following cities of the Keihanshin region: Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Himeji, and Wakayama.
The Japan Statistics Bureau defines a Major Metropolitan Area or MMA (大都市圏) as a set of municipalities where at least 1.5% of the resident population aged 15 and above commute to school or work in a designated city (defined as the core area).
This region consists of the combination of the metropolitan areas of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, and Himeji, and additionally includes several periurban areas (particularly in southern Shiga Prefecture) that are not part of the four metropolitan areas.
The fairly centrally located Osaka International Airport, laid over the border between the cities of Itami and Toyonaka, serves primarily domestic routes.
The airport island link to the mainland via the Sky Gate Bridge R, containing a six lane expressway and the Kansai Airport Line, a rail link connecting to the Hanwa Line, which connects Wakayama to Osaka.
Shin-Ōsaka Station acts as the Shinkansen terminal station, though the two lines are physically joined, and many trains offer through service.
From Osaka, Limited Express services connect most major cities within the Keihanshin area and beyond, and are more popular than the Shinkansen for connections within the area due to service to more areas and more centrally located and well connected stations in areas also serviced by Shinkansen.
Lower ticket prices also encourages usage, though they are more expensive than the regular/commuter trains which operate on the same lines.
JR West competes with such private rail operators as Keihan Electric Railway, Hankyu Railway, Hanshin Railway, Kintetsu Railway, and Nankai Electric Railway.
The Keihan and Hankyu lines connect to Kyoto; the Hanshin and Hankyu lines connect to Kobe; the Kintetsu lines connect to Nara, Yoshino, Ise and Nagoya; and the Nankai lines connect to Osaka's southern suburbs and Kansai International Airport as well as Wakayama and Mt.
The Metro system alone ranks 13th in the world by annual passenger ridership, serving over 912 million people annually (a quarter of Greater Osaka Rail System's 4 billion annual riders), despite being only 8 of more than 70 lines in the metro area.
Compared with other urban regions of the world, the agglomeration of Osaka-Kobe is the ninth largest economy, in terms of gross metropolitan product at purchasing power parity (PPP), in 2015 according to a study by the Brookings Institution.
Like almost all her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, and never saw active service again.
While making a sweep around beleaguered Guadalcanal, she participated in the Battle of Rennell Island on 29 January, the last naval engagement of the Guadalcanal Campaign.
On the night of 5–6 March, she heavily bombarded the Vila‑Stanmore airfield on Kolombangara in the Solomons, and helped sink an enemy destroyer in the Battle of Blackett Strait.
She and three other cruisers bombarded Poporang Island on the night of 29–30 June, in preparation for the invasion of New Georgia.
After a voyage to Sydney, Australia, she joined Task Force 39 (TF 39) as its flagship for the invasion of the Treasury and Bougainville Islands.
TF 39, consisting of cruisers and destroyers, engaged a superior Japanese force in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay while guarding transports on the night of 2 November.
In March, she hunted shipping south of Truk and participated in the invasion of the Emiraus, and began shelling Saipan on 14 June to support the Mariana Islands invasion.
In February, she supported operations off Mariveles Harbor, Corregidor, and Palawan, and from 14–23 April, she covered the landings on Mindanao.
From 17 June to 2 July, she sailed off the oil center at Balikpapan, providing support for minesweepers, underwater demolition teams, and amphibious forces.
She reported for duty with the Atlantic Fleet on 11 December, and on 1 July 1946 reported for duty with the 16th Fleet.
She was struck from the Naval Register on 1 March 1959, and was sold for scrap to Bethlehem Steel Co. 22 January 1960.
In January 1917, he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada when his predecessor, Albert Sévigny, was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet.
Rhodes was retained in the position following the 1917 election that fall, becoming the third Speaker since James Cockburn to preside over more than one Parliament.
In 1921, he was made a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada before retiring from politics to become president of the British-American Nickel Company, whose previous president had been James Hamet Dunn.
Prior to the 1925 provincial election, he was asked to become leader of the Nova Scotia Conservative Party after the leader of the party, W. L. Hall, was assaulted on the waterfront.
The Conservatives defeated a Liberal government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been, in its last years, wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in Cape Breton.
Rhodes ran on a Maritime Rights platform, promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province.
An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the province's coal miners.
When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11, voters looked to the Tories for solutions.
His government also abolished the Legislative Council, the province's appointed Upper House, but first had to go to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to obtain permission to appoint enough new members to the Council to secure a vote for its abolition.
From 1932 to 1935, he served as federal Finance Minister, and, despite the Great Depression, handed down austere budgets that increased taxes and reduced spending.
On July 12, 1905, he married Mary Grace Pipes, daughter of William Thomas Pipes, Rhodes' law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884.
The usage of term budō to mean martial arts is a modern one and historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual and moral dimensions with a focus of self-improvement, fulfillment or personal growth.
The historical origin of Japanese martial arts can be found in the warrior traditions of the samurai and the caste system that restricted the use of weapons by other members of society.
Originally, samurai were expected to be proficient in many weapons, as well as unarmed combat, and attain the highest possible mastery of combat skills.
Many people believe that this afforded the warrior class the opportunity to study their weapons with greater depth than other cultures.
For example, in the early medieval period, the bow and the spear were emphasized, but during the Tokugawa period, fewer large scale battles took place, and the sword became the most prestigious weapon.
The martial arts developed or originating in Japan are extraordinarily diverse, with vast differences in training tools, methods, and philosophy across innumerable schools and styles.
The earliest written records of Japan, which are dated from the 8th century AD, record the first sumo match in 23 BC, occurring specifically at the request of the emperor and continuing until one man was too wounded to continue.
This tradition of having matches in the presence of the emperor continued, but gradually spread, with matches also held at Shinto festivals, and sumo training was eventually incorporated into military training.
By the 17th century, sumo was an organized professional sport, open to the public, enjoyed by both the upper class and commoners.
Today, sumo retains much of its traditional trappings, including a referee dressed as a Shinto priest, and a ritual where the competitors clap hands, stomp their feet, and throw salt in the ring prior to each match.
To win a match, competitors employ throwing and grappling techniques to force the other man to the ground; the first man to touch the ground with a part of the body other than the bottom of the feet, or touch the ground outside the ring with any part of the body, loses.
However, more accurately, it means the art of using indirect force, such as joint locks or throwing techniques, to defeat an opponent, as opposed to direct force such as a punch or a kick.
This is not to imply that jujutsu does not teach or employ strikes, but rather that the art's aim is the ability to use an attacker's force against him or her, and counter-attack where they are weakest or least defended.
Methods of combat included striking (kicking, punching), throwing (body throws, joint-lock throws, unbalance throws), restraining (pinning, strangulating, grappling, wrestling) and weaponry.
In reality, these grappling systems were not really unarmed systems of combat, but are more accurately described as means whereby an unarmed or lightly armed warrior could defeat a heavily armed and armored enemy on the battlefield.
Various methods of jujutsu have been incorporated or synthesized into judo and aikido, as well as being exported throughout the world and transformed into sport wrestling systems, adopted in whole or part by schools of karate or other unrelated martial arts, still practiced as they were centuries ago, or all of the above.
Swordsmanship, the art of the sword, has an almost mythological ethos, and is believed by some to be the paramount martial art, surpassing all others.
Regardless of the truth of that belief, the sword itself has been the subject of stories and legends through virtually all cultures in which it has been employed as a tool for violence.
Although originally the most important skills of the warrior class were proficiency at horse-riding and shooting the bow, this eventually gave way to swordsmanship.
The earliest swords, which can be dated as far back as the Kofun era (3rd and 4th centuries) were primarily straight bladed.
According to legend, curved swords made strong by the famous folding process were first forged by the smith Amakuni Yasutsuna (天國 安綱, c. 700 AD).
This development is characterized by profound artistry during peaceful eras, and renewed focus on durability, utility, and mass production during the intermittent periods of warfare, most notably civil warfare during the 12th century and the Mongolian invasions during the 13th century (which in particular saw the transition from mostly horseback archery to hand to hand ground fighting).
In 1600 AD, Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川 家康, 1543–1616) gained total control of all of Japan, and the country entered a period of prolonged peace that would last until the Meiji Restoration.
During this period, the techniques to use the sword underwent a transition from a primarily utilitarian art for killing, to one encompassing a philosophy of personal development and spiritual perfection.
It is the oldest form of training and, at its simplest level, consists of two partners with swords drawn, practicing combat drills.
The primary technical aspects are smooth, controlled movements of drawing the sword from its scabbard, striking or cutting an opponent, removing blood from the blade, and then replacing the sword in the scabbard.
With the long peace of the Tokugawa shogunate there was an increase in specialization with many schools identifying themselves with particular major battlefield weapons.
One point may be scored with a successful and properly executed strike to any of several targets: a thrust to the throat, or a strike to the top of the head, sides of the head, sides of the body, or forearms.
Emphasis is upon joining with the rhythm and intent of the opponent in order to find the optimal position and timing, when the opponent can be led without force.
The bow is a long range weapon that allowed a military unit to engage an opposing force while it was still far away.
If the archers were mounted on horseback, they could be used to even more devastating effect as a mobile weapons platform.
In some schools kyudō is practiced as a highly refined contemplative practice, while in other schools it is practiced as a sport.
Karate originated in and, is technically, Okinawan, except for Kyokushin (an amalgamation of parts of Shotokan and Gojoryu), formerly known as the Ryūkyū Kingdom, but now a part of present-day Japan.
Although some Okinawan karate practitioners were already living and teaching in Honshū, Funakoshi gave public demonstrations of karate in Tokyo at a physical education exhibition sponsored by the ministry of education in 1917, and again in 1922.
It was established in 1947 by who had been in Manchuria during World War II and who on returning to his native Japan after World War II saw the need to overcome the devastation and re-build self-confidence of the Japanese people on a massive scale.
Although Shorinji Kempo was originally introduced in Japan in the late 1940s and 1950s through large scale programmes involving employees of major national organizations (e.g.
It is often said that the art of karate is for self-defense; not injuring one's opponent is the highest expression of the art.
In practical use this often refers to the scream or shout made during an attack, used for proper breathing as well as debilitating or distracting the enemy.
Implicit in these concepts is their separate but equal and interrelated nature, in keeping with their philosophical relationship to the Chinese principles of yin and yang (Jap.
In practice, this may be a direct attack, consisting of movement directly towards the opponent, coinciding with a strike towards the opponent.
A defensive technique where the defender stands their ground to block or parry (directly opposing the attack by stopping it or knocking it aside) would be an example of a hard method of defense.
For example, receiving an attack by slipping past it, followed by adding force to the attacker's limb for the purpose of unbalancing an attacker is an example of soft method.
Analyzing the difference in accordance with yin and yang principles, philosophers would assert that the absence of either one would render the practitioner's skills unbalanced or deficient, as yin and yang alone are each only half of a whole.
To fully take the early initiative, the attack launched must be with total commitment and lacking in any hesitation, and virtually ignoring the possibility of a counter-attack by the opponent.
Late initiative involves an active attempt to induce an attack by the opponent that will create a weakness in the opponent's defenses, often by faking an opening that is too enticing for the opponent to pass up.
The relationship between and is one with its origins not in martial arts, but rather in Japanese and Asian culture generally.
The role of the senior student is crucial to the indoctrination of the junior students to etiquette, work ethic, and other virtues important to the school.
The junior student is expected to treat their seniors with respect, and plays an important role in giving the senior students the opportunity to learn leadership skills.
Senior students may or may not teach formal classes, but in every respect their role is as a teacher to the junior students, by example and by providing encouragement.
There are ultimately two ranking systems in the Japanese martial arts, although some schools have been known to blend these two together.
In the modern system, first introduced in the martial arts through judo, students progress by promotion through a series of grades (kyū), followed by a series of degrees (dan), pursuant to formal testing procedures.
Some arts use only white and black belts to distinguish between levels, while others use a progression of colored belts for kyū levels.
References in the work suggest it was written during the first decade of the 13th century, and 1210 is taken, conventionally, as the date of Gottfried's death.
Gottfried draws more on the learned tradition of medieval humanism than on the chivalric ethos shared by his major literary contemporaries.
Of this his occasional sneers at the clergy are perhaps a better proof than the morality of much of his work.
Unfortunately, Thomas's work, too, is fragmentary and there is little overlap with Gottfried's poem, making it difficult to evaluate Gottfried's originality directly.
It is clear that while Gottfried's statement of his reliance on and debt to Thomas is correct, he both expanded on his source and refined the story psychologically.
Thomas's source, in turn, is a now lost Old French Tristan story, reconstructed by Joseph Bédier, which derives ultimately from Celtic legend.
Riwalin, King of Parmenie, travels to the court of King Marke in Cornwall, where he and Marke's sister, Blanschefleur, fall in love.
Once at sea, the ship is struck by a tempest, the crew conclude that they are being punished by God for abducting Tristan, so they set him ashore in a country that turns out to be Cornwall.
Tristan encounters a hunting party, whom he astonishes with his skill, and he accompanies them to Marke's court, where his many accomplishments make him popular, particularly with Marke.
In order to seek a cure Tristan travels to Ireland incognito (under the name Tantris), and contrives to get himself cured by Gurmun's Queen Isolde (Isolde the Wise).
He is struck by the beauty and accomplishments of her daughter, Isolde the Fair, and returns to Cornwall singing her praises.
Hoping that he will be killed in the process, they suggest Tristan be sent to Ireland to woo Isolde for Marke.
However, observing that the splinter previously found in Morold's skull matches Tantris's sword, Isolde realises Tantris is in fact Tristan, and threatens to kill him as he sits in the bath.
Her mother and her kinswoman Brangaene intervene and Tristan explains the purpose of his journey, which leads to a reconciliation between Ireland and Cornwall.
Isolde the Wise has given Brangaene a magic potion to be drunk by Marke and Isolde on their wedding night to ensure their love.
They avow their love for each other, but know that it cannot be made public, and they enjoy a brief idyll on board before arriving in Cornwall.
This is followed by a series of intrigues in which the lovers attempt to dupe Marke, starting with the wedding night, when the virgin Brangaene substitutes for Isolde in the marriage bed.
However, aware of his approach, Tristan has placed his sword between himself and Isolde, duping Marke into believing that perhaps they are not lovers after all.
In Thomas's poem, which is preserved from around this point, Tristan marries Isolde of the White Hands, though the marriage is never consummated.
Tristan is wounded with a poisoned spear by Estult li Orgillus, and sends for Isolde the Fair, who is the only one who can cure him.
It is agreed that the ship sent for her will bear a white sail if it returns with her on board, but a black sail if not.
However, the jealous Isolde of the White Hands lies about the colour of the sail, and Isolde the Fair arrives to find Tristan dead of grief.
Much of critics' difficulty in interpreting the work was entirely intentional on the part of Gottfried; his extensive use of irony in the text is clearly the greatest cause of disagreement over the meaning of his poem.
Alternatively, some critics see the work not as a pure exaltation of love, but rather as an exploration of the conflict between passionate love and courtly social order.
That Tristan is not knightly represents a rejection of the norms of feudal society; he allows himself to be guided by love and physical passion rather than chivalry.
The deaths of Tristan and Isolde would then seem inevitable, in that their love could not overcome the contemporary social order.
Gottfried praises the Minnesänger Reinmar von Hagenau and Walther von der Vogelweide, and the narrative poets Hartmann von Aue, Heinrich von Veldeke and Bligger von Steinach, the former for their musicality, the latter for their clarity, both features which mark Gottfried's own style.
Conversely, he criticises, without naming him directly, Wolfram von Eschenbach for the obscurity of his style and the uncouthness of his vocabulary.
All but two of the complete manuscripts of Gottfried's work include a continuation by Ulrich or Heinrich; one uses the final part of Eilhart's work.
However, any made before 1930, when Ranke's edition was first published, will be based on an outdated edition of the text.
She was laid down on 14 April 1941 by Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia; launched on 15 May 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Harry T. Hartwell; and commissioned on 24 March 1943, Captain Charles J. Wheeler in command.
On 22 August, she sailed west, joining Task Force 15 (TF 15) the following day for a raid on Marcus Island on 31 August.
She screened the ships of TF 15 as they struck at Tarawa Atoll on 18 September, and the ships of TF 14 hitting Wake on 5–6 October.
From the landings at Betio on the 20th–28th, she remained in the area supporting the Marine assault forces as they fought the first vigorous beachhead opposition to an American amphibious landing.
The mission of the fast carrier forces had by this time evolved into sealing off designated enemy-held atolls and islands which the Allies intended to take and interdicting others to isolate and keep to a minimum Japanese resistance at the target.
Now a third mission was to be added, the pounding of major enemy bases without the aid of land-based aircraft, leaving little or no need for a return visit.
Thus, to ease the occupation of Eniwetok and to aid in the encirclement of Rabaul, TF 58 departed Majuro and sailed for the Carolines.
On 16–17 February, they devastated Truk, the best fleet anchorage in the Mandated Territories, the base of the Japanese combined fleet and the center for air and sea communications between Japan and the Bismarck Archipelago.
The force then sailed northwest to the Mariana Islands for strikes on Saipan, Tinian, and Guam, encountering heavy aerial resistance there on 21–22 February.
Next they supported Allied landings at Aitape, Humboldt Bay, and Tanah Merah Bay in New Guinea, and bombarded Wake Island and Sawar Airfield on 21–22 April.
From there, they returned to the Carolines where they conducted air strikes on Truk and bombarded Satawan on 29–30 April, hit Ponape on 1 May, and then headed back to Majuro to replenish and rearm in preparation for the Marianas campaign.
From then through 17 June its planes and ships ranged from the Volcano and Bonin Islands to the southernmost Marianas supporting the assault on Saipan and preventing Japanese reinforcements from reaching that beleaguered island and the next target, Guam.
The following day the Battle of the Philippine Sea opened with a Japanese carrier-based aircraft attack on the ships covering the Saipan assault.
Retiring from the area on 23 June, the carrier force proceeded to Pagan Island, against which strikes were launched on 24 June, and then made for Eniwetok.
Thence, on 30 June, they departed for further strikes on the Bonin and Volcano Islands on 4 July, before turning south once again to continue coverage of the Marianas campaign.
Commencing daily strikes on Guam and Rota 6 July, the force remained in the area until after the landings on Guam.
Reaching the area, they discovered only one large cargo ship, the other vessel having been disposed of by several of the carrier planes.
The next day the force cruised to the east of the northern Philippines and on 20 October guarded the northern air approaches to Leyte as American forces streamed ashore.
On 24 October, TG 38.3 was attacked by planes from Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's Mobile Fleet as they stood by the aircraft carrier .
As the Battle for Leyte Gulf raged over the Philippines, TF 38.3 fought in the Battle off Cape Engaño on 25 October, then pursued the Mobile Fleet back toward Japan.
For the next two months, the cruiser continued to operate in support of the Philippine campaign, guarding the carriers as they sent their planes to cover Allied assault forces in the Visayas and on Mindoro.
On 26 December, she departed Ulithi for the west coast, arriving 16 days later at Terminal Island California, for overhaul and alterations.
Back at Ulithi on 29 March, she continued on to Okinawa, arriving on 3 April, two days after the initial attacks on that Japanese bastion.
At the end of May, she arrived at Leyte where she joined TG 95.7, Philippine training group, with which she operated for the remainder of the war.
In September, she conducted several cruises between Japan and Okinawa, transporting liberated prisoners of wars on the first leg of their return to the United States.
The following month she cruised in the Sasebo area and on 18 November, with Marine Corps and Navy men embarked, she departed for San Diego.
Decommissioned on 9 May 1947, she entered the Reserve Fleet at Bremerton and remained there, in reserve, until 1 March 1959 when she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.
She was sold for scrapping to Zidell Explorations, Inc., on 16 December 1959, and was towed away for scrapping on 19 January 1960.
She is one of seven women, who, along with the Blessed Virgin Mary, are commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.
She is the patron saint of Catania, Molise, Malta, San Marino, Gallipoli in Apulia, and Zamarramala, a municipality of the Province of Segovia in Spain.
She is also the patron saint of breast cancer patients, martyrs, wet nurses, bell-founders, bakers, fire, earthquakes, and eruptions of Mount Etna.
Two early churches were dedicated to her in Rome, notably the Church of Sant'Agata dei Goti in Via Mazzarino, a titular church with apse mosaics of ca.
Agatha is also depicted in the mosaics of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, where she appears, richly dressed, in the procession of female martyrs along the north wall.
One of the most highly venerated virgin martyrs of Christian antiquity, Agatha was put to death during the persecution of Decius (250–253) in Catania, Sicily, for her determined profession of faith.
His persistent proposals were consistently spurned by Agatha, so Quintianus, knowing she was a Christian during the persecution of Decius, had her arrested and brought before the judge.
To force her to change her mind, Quintianus sent Agatha to Aphrodisia, the keeper of a brothel, and had her imprisoned there.
Agatha never lost her confidence in God, even though she suffered a month of rape, assault, and efforts to get her to abandon her vow to God and go against her virtue.
Although the martyrdom of Agatha is authenticated, and her veneration as a saint had spread beyond her native place even in antiquity, there is no reliable information concerning the details of her death.
According to Maltese tradition, during the persecution of Roman Emperor Decius (AD 249–251), Agatha, together with some of her friends, fled from Sicily and took refuge in Malta.
Some historians believe that her stay on the island was rather short, and she spent her days in a rock-hewn crypt at Rabat, praying and teaching the Christian Faith to children.
At the time of St. Agatha's stay, the crypt was a small natural cave which later on, during the 4th or 5th century, was enlarged and embellished.
After the Reformation era, Agatha was retained in the calendar of the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer with her feast on 5 February.
The Festival of Saint Agatha in Catania is a major festival in the region, it takes place in the first five days of February.
Saint Agatha is the patron saint of rape victims, breast cancer patients, wet nurses, and bellfounders (due to the shape of her severed breasts).
She is also a patron saint of Malta, where in 1551 her intercession through a reported apparition to a Benedictine nun is said to have saved Malta from Turkish invasion.
She became the patron saint of the Republic of San Marino after Pope Clement XII, restored the independence of the state on her feast day of February 5, 1740.
She is also the patron saint of Catania, Sorihuela del Guadalimar (Spain), Molise, San Marino, Malta and Kalsa, a historical quarter of Palermo.
Homeowners can choose to hear a song about her life, accompanied by the beats of their walking sticks on the floor or a prayer for the household's deceased.
The seventeenth-century tower served as a military base during both World Wars and was used as a radar station by the Maltese army.
After being selected as part of the first group of astronauts to include women, she flew on three Space Shuttle flights: as mission specialist for STS-51-D and STS-40, and as payload commander for STS-58.
Both before and after her career in the astronaut program, she has been active in the medical community in Tennessee, Mississippi and Texas.
Seddon was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, where she attended St Rose of Lima Catholic School and graduated from Central High School in 1965.
She received a bachelor of arts degree in physiology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1970, and a doctorate of medicine from the University of Tennessee College of Medicine in 1973.
After medical school, Seddon completed a surgical internship and 3 years of a general surgery residency in Memphis with a particular interest in nutrition in surgery patients.
Between the period of her internship and residency, she served as an Emergency Department physician at a number of hospitals in Mississippi and Tennessee, and served in this capacity in the Houston area in her spare time.
Her work at NASA was in a variety of areas, including Orbiter and payload software, Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, Flight Data File, Shuttle medical kit and checklist, launch and landing rescue helicopter physician, support crew member for STS-6, crew equipment, membership on NASA's Aerospace Medical Advisory Committee, Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations, and Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center.
A three-flight veteran with over 722 hours in space, Seddon was a mission specialist on STS-51D (1985) and STS-40 (1991), and was the payload commander on STS-58 (1993).
A malfunction in the Syncom spacecraft resulted in the first unscheduled EVA (spacewalk), rendezvous and proximity operations for the Space Shuttle in an attempt to activate the satellite using the Remote Manipulator System.
STS-40 () Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1), June 5–14, 1991, a dedicated space and life sciences mission was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
During the nine-day mission the crew performed experiments which explored how humans, animals and cells respond to microgravity and re-adapt to Earth's gravity on return.
Other payloads included experiments designed to investigate materials science, plant biology and cosmic radiation, and tests of hardware proposed for the Space Station Freedom Health Maintenance Facility.
Seddon was the Payload Commander on this life science research mission which received NASA management recognition as the most successful and efficient Spacelab flown to date.
During the fourteen-day flight the seven-person crew performed neurovestibular, cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and musculoskeletal medical experiments on themselves and 48 rats, expanding our knowledge of human and animal physiology both on earth and in space flight.
Jeffrey Alan Hoffman (born November 2, 1944) is an American former NASA astronaut and currently a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT.
Hoffman made five flights as a Space Shuttle astronaut, including the first mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope in 1993, when the orbiting telescope's flawed optical system was corrected.
Trained as an astrophysicist, he also flew on the 1990 Spacelab Shuttle mission that featured the Astro-1 ultraviolet astronomical observatory in the Shuttle's payload bay.
He graduated from Scarsdale High School in 1962, received a BA degree (summa cum laude) in astronomy from Amherst College in 1966, an MSc degree in materials science from Rice University in 1988. and a PhD degree in astrophysics from Harvard University in 1971.
Hoffman is a member of the International Academy of Astronautics, the International Astronomical Union, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Astronomical Society, the Spanish Academy of Engineering, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi.
From 1972 to 1975, during post-doctoral work at the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom, he worked on several x-ray astronomy rocket payloads.
He also designed and supervised the construction and testing of the test equipment for use in an x-ray beam facility which he used to measure the scattering and reflectivity properties of x-ray concentrating mirrors.
During his last year at Leicester, he was project scientist for the medium-energy x-ray experiment on the European Space Agency's EXOSAT satellite and played a leading role in the proposal and design studies for this project.
He worked in the Center for Space Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1975 to 1978 as project scientist in charge of the orbiting HEAO-1 A4 hard x-ray and gamma ray experiment, launched in August 1977.
His involvement included pre-launch design of the data analysis system, supervising its operation post-launch, and directing the MIT team undertaking the scientific analysis of flight data being returned.
He joined the MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics faculty in 2001 as a senior lecturer, and since 2002 has been a Professor of the Practice in that department.
His research specialties include human space flight operations, space flight technology, human-machine interactions, extravehicular activity, and conducting laboratory research in space.
Dr. Hoffman instructed a course in systems engineering on the space shuttle that is available for free in video format from academic earth.
During preparations for the Shuttle Orbital Flight Tests, he worked in the Flight Simulation Laboratory at Downey, California, testing guidance, navigation and flight control systems.
He worked with the orbital maneuvering and reaction control systems, with Shuttle navigation, with crew training, and with the development of satellite deployment procedures.
He also worked on EVA, including the development of a high-pressure spacesuit, and preparations for the assembly of the Space Station.
Among the Jewish items he took into space were a Dreidel, which he spun for an hour, a Mezuzah, which he attached to the space station bunk bed he and fellow Jewish astronaut Scott J. Horowitz alternately used, and a Chanukah menorah.
Hoffman left the astronaut program in July 1997 to become NASA's European Representative in Paris, where he served until August 2001.
His principal duties were to keep NASA and NASA's European partners informed about each other's activities, try to resolve problems in US-European cooperative space projects, search for new areas of US-European space cooperation, and represent NASA in European media.
In August 2001, Hoffman was seconded by NASA to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is a Professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Hoffman made his first space flight as a mission specialist on STS 51-D, April 12–19, 1985, on the Space Shuttle Discovery.
Hoffman made his third space flight as payload commander and mission specialist on STS-46, July 31-August 8, 1992, on the Space Shuttle Atlantis.
On this mission, the crew deployed the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), an ESA-sponsored free-flying science platform, and carried out the first test flight of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS), a joint project between NASA and the Italian Space Agency.
During this flight, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was captured, serviced, and restored to full capacity through a record five space walks by four astronauts, including Hoffman.
This was a 16-day mission whose principal payloads were the reflight of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) and the third flight of the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-3).
The TSS experiment produced a wealth of new information on the electrodynamics of tethers and plasma physics before the tether broke at 19.7 km, just shy of the 20.7 km goal.
With the completion of his fifth space flight, Dr. Hoffman has logged more than 1,211 hours and 21.5 million miles in space.
Since 2002, he has been a Professor of the Practice in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Since 2008 he has also been a visiting Professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leicester.
Jan Sterling (born Jane Sterling Adriance, April 3, 1921 – March 26, 2004) was an American film, television and stage actress.
Born in New York City, Sterling was the daughter of Eleanor Ward (née Deans) and William Allen Adriance Jr, an architect and advertising executive.
Jane grew up in a wealthy household and attended private schools before moving with her family to Europe and South America.
Aloysius de Gonzaga (; 9 March 156821 June 1591) was an Italian aristocrat who became a member of the Society of Jesus.
While still a student at the Roman College, he died as a result of caring for the victims of a serious epidemic.
Gonzaga was born the eldest of seven children, at his family's castle in Castiglione delle Stiviere, between Brescia and Mantua in northern Italy in what was then part of the Duchy of Mantua, into the illustrious House of Gonzaga.
He was the son of Ferrante de Gonzaga (1544–1586), Marquis of Castiglione, and Marta Tana di Santena, daughter of a baron of the Piedmontese Della Rovere family.
His father assumed that Aloysius would become a soldier, as that was the norm for sons of the aristocracy and the family was often involved in the minor wars of the period.
In 1576, at age 8, he was sent to Florence along with his younger brother, Rodolfo, to serve at the court of the Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici and to receive further education.
While he was ill, he took the opportunity to read about the saints and to spend much of his time in prayer.
He also repeatedly visited the houses of the Capuchin friars and the Barnabites located in Casale Monferrato, the capital of the Gonzaga-ruled Duchy of Montferrat where the family spent the winter.
He had considered joining the Capuchins, but he had a Jesuit confessor in Madrid and decided instead to join that order.
Aloysius still wanted to become a priest, but several members of his family worked hard to persuade him to change his mind.
When they realized there was no way to make him give up his plan, they tried to persuade him to become a secular priest and offered to arrange for a bishopric for him.
His family's attempts to dissuade him failed; Aloysius was not interested in higher office and still wanted to become a missionary.
He went to Rome and, because of his noble birth, gained an audience with Pope Sixtus V. Following a brief stay at the Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga, the Roman home of his cousin, Cardinal Scipione Gonzaga, on 25 November 1585 he was accepted into the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Rome.
He was sent to Milan for studies, but after some time he was sent back to Rome because of his health.
It is said that, later that year, he had a vision in which the Archangel Gabriel told him that he would die within a year.
After begging alms for the victims, Aloysius began working with the sick, carrying the dying from the streets into a hospital founded by the Jesuits.
Robert Bellarmine, that his constitution was revolted by the sights and smells of the work; he had to work hard to overcome his physical repulsion.
At the time, many of the younger Jesuits had become infected with the disease, and so Aloysius's superiors forbade him from returning to the hospital.
Eventually he was allowed to care for the sick, but only at another hospital, called Our Lady of Consolation, where those with contagious diseases were not admitted.
Aloysius had another vision and told several people that he would die on the Octave of the feast of Corpus Christi.
On that day, 21 June 1591, he seemed very well in the morning, but insisted that he would die before the day was over.
Aloysius was buried in the Church of the Most Holy Annunciation, which later became the church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola (Sant'Ignazio) in Rome.
Many people considered him to be a saint soon after his death, and his remains were moved into the Sant'Ignazio church, where they now rest in an urn of lapis lazuli in the Lancellotti Chapel.
For his compassion and courage in the face of an incurable disease, Aloysius Gonzaga has become the patron both of AIDS sufferers and their caregivers.
Aloysius Gonzaga is also celebrated in a small south Italy town called Alezio, as a patron of the town, celebrated on June 21.
His attributes are a lily, referring to innocence; a cross, referring to piety and sacrifice; a skull, referring to his early death; and a rosary, referring to his devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Gonzaga University is a Roman Catholic university which also has St. Aloysius Gonzaga Church on its campus, which is overseen by the diocese of Spokane.
In Washington, D.C., Gonzaga College High School: Washington Seminary, as Gonzaga was originally called, began classes for lay students in 1821 and was renamed Gonzaga College.
St. Aloysius Gonzaga Church on the campus of Gonzaga High School in Washington, D.C., is used for graduation ceremonies of the high school.
Leonardtown is the seat of St. Mary’s County, where the first major Catholic settlement in the Thirteen Colonies was established in the 17th century by the Jesuit order.
St. Joseph in Gelsenkirchen, the location of German soccer club Schalke 04, has a glass window of the saint with a soccer ball and refers to the club colors and its strong fanbase.
Not long after Aloysius' death, on his feast day in 1608, the three daughters of his brother, Rodolfo, established a community of women dedicated to education, under the formal name of the Noble Virgins of Jesus.
He is credited with conducting the first unscheduled extra-vehicular activity of the space program during Space Shuttle mission STS-51-D. Griggs was killed when the vintage World War II-era training aircraft he was piloting – a North American AT-6D (registration N3931S) – crashed near Earle, Arkansas.
In 1962 he received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy and in 1970 a Master of Science degree in Administration from George Washington University.
He married Karen Frances Kreeb and they had two daughters together, Alison Marie (August 21, 1971) and Carre Anne (May 14, 1974).
Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland and upon completion of test pilot training was assigned to the Flying Qualities and Performance Branch, Flight Test Division, where he flew various test projects on fighter and attack-type aircraft.
In 1970, he resigned his regular United States Navy commission and affiliated with the Naval Air Reserve in which he achieved the rank of Rear Admiral.
As a Naval Reservist, Griggs was assigned to several fighter and attack squadrons flying A-4 Skyhawk, A-7 Corsair II and F-8 Crusader aircraft based at Naval Air Stations in New Orleans, Louisiana and Miramar, California.
He logged 9,500 hours flying time, 7,800 hours in jet aircraft, and flew over 45 different types of aircraft including single and multi engine prop, turboprop and jet aircraft, helicopters, gliders, hot air balloons and the Space Shuttle.
In July 1970, Griggs was employed at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center as a research pilot, working on various flight test and research projects in support of NASA programs.
In 1974, he was assigned duties as the project pilot for the space shuttle trainer aircraft and participated in the design, development, and testing of those aircraft pending their operational deployment in 1976.
He was appointed Chief of the Shuttle Training Aircraft Operations Office in January 1976 with responsibility for the operational use of the shuttle trainer, and held that position until being selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978.
From 1979 to 1983, Griggs was involved in several Space Shuttle engineering capacities including the development and testing of the Head-Up Display (HUD) approach and landing avionics system, development of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and the requirements definition and verification of on-orbit rendezvous and entry flight phase software and procedures.
At the time of his death, Griggs was in flight crew training as pilot for STS-33, a dedicated Department of Defense mission, scheduled for launch in November 1989.
Sir Edmund Walker Head, 8th Baronet, KCB (16 February 1805 – 28 January 1868) was a 19th-century British politician and diplomat.
He was educated at Winchester College and Oriel College, Oxford, and in 1830 he was made a Fellow of Merton College.
He was simultaneously Governor General of the Province of Canada, and Lieutenant Governor of both Canada West and Canada East (1854–1861).
Anna Maria was an artist, who sketched a picture of the view from Major's Hill, Ottawa, Ontario which she subsequently presented to Queen Victoria.
These are usually to speed up traffic through an intersection or due to street cars or other right of ways or if the intersecting road is one-way.
Sounding your horn is not allowed for vehicles in some areas, most commonly in school zones, villages, or near hospitals or churches.
Usually shown as a red diagonal bar inside a blue circle with a red ring in Europe and parts of Asia, and a 'P' in a red circle with a cross through in North and South America, elsewhere in Asia, Australia, Africa and Ireland.
Usually shown as a red cross inside a blue circle with a red ring in Europe and parts of Asia, and a 'E' in a red circle with a X through in South America.
Born in Richfield, Utah, Garn earned a Bachelor of Science degree in business and finance from the University of Utah in 1955, where he became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.
He also served as a pilot of the 151st Air Refueling Group of the Utah Air National Guard, where he flew the Boeing KC-97L and KC-135A.
Prior to his election to the Senate, Garn served on the Salt Lake City commission for four years and was elected as the mayor in 1971, entering office in 1972.
In 1974, Garn was the first vice-president of the National League of Cities, and he served as its honorary president in 1975.
Garn was re-elected to a second term in November 1980 with 74 percent of the vote, the largest victory in a statewide race in Utah history.
Gemma said that he was surprised by the withdrawal of Garn and Hyde from the PAC committee but continued with plans to spend $650,000 for the 1982 elections on behalf of anti-abortion candidates.
Garn was chairman of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee and served on three subcommittees: Housing and Urban Affairs, Financial Institutions, and International Finance and Monetary Policy.
Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, the law that partially deregulated the savings and loan industry and attempted to forestall the looming Savings and Loan crisis.
Garn asked to fly on the Space Shuttle because he was head of the Senate appropriations subcommittee that dealt with NASA, and had extensive aviation experience.
Its primary objective was to deploy two communications satellites, and to perform electrophoresis and echocardiograph operations in space in addition to a number of other experiments.
As a payload specialist, Garn's role on the mission was as a congressional observer and as a subject for medical experiments on space motion sickness.
At the conclusion of the mission, Garn had traveled over 2.5 million miles in 108 Earth orbits, logging over 167 hours in space.
Some NASA astronauts who opposed the payload specialist program, such as Mike Mullane, believed that Garn's space sickness was evidence of the inappropriateness of flying people with little training.
The Jake Garn Mission Simulator and Training Facility, NASA's prime training facility for astronauts in the Shuttle and Space Station programs, is named after him.
Ambassador Shirley Temple, actor James Stewart, singer John Denver, and Tom Abraham, a businessman from Canadian, Texas, who worked with immigrants seeking to become U.S. citizens.
Jake Garn in 1986 donated a kidney to his 27-year-old daughter, Susan Garn Horne, who was experiencing progressive kidney failure as a result of diabetes.
Immermann responded quickly, but was prevented by illness from taking part in the earlier campaign; he fought, however, in 1815 at Ligny and Waterloo, and marched into Paris with Blücher.
In 1834 Immermann undertook the management of the Düsseldorf theatre, and, although his resources were small, succeeded for two years in raising it to a high level of excellence.
The theatre, however, was insufficiently endowed to allow of him carrying on the work, and In 1836 he returned to his official duties and literary pursuits.
His early plays are imitations, partly of Kotzebue's, partly of the Romantic dramas of Ludwig Tieck and Müller, and are now forgotten.
Gordon Sidney Harrington (August 7, 1883 – July 4, 1943) was a Nova Scotia politician and the province's 11th Premier from 1930 to 1933.
He was mayor of Glace Bay from 1913 to 1915 when he enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force fighting in World War I.
He was elected a Conservative MLA in 1925 representing Cape Breton Centre and his support from miners helped ensure the Conservative Party's victory in that election.
Harrington became Minister of Labour in the government of Edgar N. Rhodes and became Premier of Nova Scotia when Rhodes left provincial politics to enter the federal cabinet in 1930.
During Harrington's term he was able to end ongoing labour disturbance among miners in Cape Breton which had afflicted the previous two premiers.
He improved the provincial department of mining, fought for the coal and steel industries in Ottawa, and passed legislation calling for a national policy on coal and steel.
The fief of Aumale was granted by the archbishop of Rouen to Odo, brother-in-law of William the Conqueror, who erected it into a countship.
It was later used as a title by Henri d'Orléans, the youngest son of Louis-Philippe, King of the French and Duke of Orléans.
, the titleholder is a grandson of the late Henri, Count of Paris, Orléans heir, and his wife, Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza of Brazil.
Prince Foulques, Duke of Aumale, son of Prince Jacques, Duke of Orléans and the duchess, née Gersende de Sabran-Pontèves, added it to his title of Comte d'Eu.
Through the end of the Hundred Years' War, the kings of England at various times ruled Aumale, through their claims to be dukes of Normandy and later, kings of France.
However, despite Philip's conquest of Aumale (and, subsequently, the remainder of Normandy), the kings of England continued to claim the Duchy of Normandy, and to recognize the old line of Counts or Earls of Aumale.
A claim upon the inheritance by John de Eston (de Ashton) was settled in 1278 with the surrender of the earldom to the Crown.
Main geographic feature of the district are the five lakes - the Starnberger See and Ammersee, as well as the smaller Weßlinger See, Wörthsee and Pilsensee.
Since 1981 it also has a partnership with the Taipei County (now New Taipei City), which developed after a delegation of parachutists from Taiwan stayed in Starnberg for the 1980 parachuting world championship in Altenstadt/Schongau.
Oliver of Cologne preached the Fifth Crusade in Dokkum in 1214 and Dokkum sent a contingent; the crescent in the coat of arms of Dokkum refers to this event.
In 1923, when Catholics in the Netherlands were not allowed to engage in public expressions of faith such as processions, a processional park was built south-east of the city center, the Boniface park.
Central in the park is the so-called Brouwersbron, the brewers' well, which Titus Brandsma and others (incorrectly) identified as the well that sprang up after the saint's martyrdom.
Brandsma, a Carmelite priest who was murdered by the Nazis in Dachau in 1942, also designed the park's Stations of the Cross, which were finished in 1949.
Other construction works in other parts of the city are also taking place, such as the Lyceumpark, the Fonteinslanden, the Veiling and the Hogedijken.
An upper palaeolithic core (a piece of flint which has been repeatedly used to flake material in order to make flint tools) was found near Salmonby.
The village has a public house, the Cross Keys Inn & Restaurant, fishing lakes, cottages and a Caravan Club CL site.
There is a picnic area at a nearby sandstone cliff wall; the wall has carved reliefs of unknown origin or age.
Villagers build scarecrows modelled on TV and film personalities, historic and contemporary figures and fictional icons, and display them outside their houses each year during May.
Blasius provided a mathematical basis for boundary-layer drag but also showed as early as 1911 that the resistance to flow through smooth pipes could be expressed in terms of the Reynolds number for both laminar and turbulent flow.
One of his most notable contributions involves a description of the steady two-dimensional boundary-layer that forms on a semi-infinite plate that is held parallel to a constant unidirectional flow formula_1.
They started negotiations about a separate peace with the Spanish Crown in the Eighty Years' War which resulted in the Peace Treaty of Arras of 17 May 1579.
After the Pacification of Ghent the entire Habsburg Netherlands united in opposition to the government of king Philip II of Spain, the overlord of the Netherlands.
They formed the Union of Brussels that constituted a formal government, formed by the States General and a governor-general who was appointed by the States General: the archduke Matthias, in competition with the royal governor-general, Don Juan of Austria.
Orange, the leader of the originally rebelling provinces, Holland and Zeeland, had a leading role in the Council of State that formed the executive for the States General.
One of the important provisions of the Pacification was that the Calvinists received freedom of religion in Holland and Zeeland, and would be tolerated elsewhere in the Netherlands, but that the other 15 provinces would officially maintain the Catholic Church as the dominant one.
In Flanders and Brabant they even used force to change the government of cities like Ghent, Bruges, and Antwerp to obtain this objective, much to the dismay of Catholic politicians in the southern part of the country.
Don Juan died in October 1578 and was replaced as commander of the Spanish Army of Flanders and royal governor-general by Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who proved an able diplomat, adept at driving wedges between the Catholic nobles in the South and the regime of Orange and the States General .
Beyond this promise the declaration did not contain more concrete resolutions, such as the formation of a defensive alliance, like a number of the northern provinces formed later in January 1579 in the form of the Union of Utrecht.
However, the members of the Union of Arras soon opened peace negotiations with Parma, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Arras (1579) on 17 May 1579.
He ran in the 1878 federal election against Charles Tupper, but was unable to wrest away Tupper's seat in the House of Commons of Canada.
The Pipes government also tried to get financial assistance from Ottawa, but was unsuccessful, and was forced to cut government spending.
Pipes broke with Fielding in 1886, however, as Fielding moved for the province's secession from Canadian confederation due to the federal government's neglect of the province's demands.
In 1887, Pipes again attempted to win a seat in the federal House of Commons, but again failed to dislodge Tupper.
In 1906, he returned to provincial politics, and served as Attorney-General in the cabinet of Premier George H. Murray until his death in Boston.
Pipes was involved in business as director of Amherst Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Co, a large shareholder in the Rhodes Curry Company, and director and secretary of the Nova Scotia Lumber Company.
Ideally, the zwischenzug changes the situation to the player's advantage, such as by gaining or avoiding what would otherwise be a strong continuation for the opponent.
In the diagram, White has just captured Black's knight on e4 and surely expected the recapture 10...dxe4 11.0-0, when White's king is safe and he has the better pawn structure.
After 17.Kd2 Rxf1 18.Qxf1 Qxb4+ 19.Ke2 Qxf4 20.Qg1 Nxe5, De Vere's zwischenzug had netted him two more pawns, leaving him with the of four pawns for a knight.
Another prominent example that brought the concept of zwischenzug, albeit not the term itself, to public attention was Tartakower–Capablanca, New York 1924.
This was a game won by the reigning World Champion at one of the strongest tournaments of the early 20th century.
In the position in the diagram, Tartakower (White) has just played 9.Bxb8, thinking he has caught Capablanca in a trap: if 9...Rxb8, 10.Qa4+ and 11.Qxb4 wins a bishop .
Instead, after 10.Bf4 Black would play a second zwischenzug, 10...Qf6!, attacking the bishop again, and also renewing the threat of 11...Ne3+ .
In game 5 of the 2013 World Chess Championship match, Carlsen had captured a bishop with 20.cxb6, and Anand maintained material balance by capturing a knight with 20...fxe4, also attacking White's bishop (see diagram).
A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces.
The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer, the articular capsule, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid.
The normal joint space is at least 2 mm in the hip (at the superior acetabulum), at least 3 mm in the knee, and 4–5 mm in the shoulder joint.
Network Solutions, LLC is an American-based technology company and a subsidiary of Web.com, the 4th largest .com domain name registrar with 6,722,545 registrations as of August 2018.
In addition to being a domain name registrar, Network Solutions provides web services such as web hosting, website design and online marketing, including search engine optimization and pay per click management.
Network Solutions started as a technology consulting company incorporated by Albert White and Emitt McHenry in Washington D.C. in January 1979.
Network Solutions, Inc. (NSI) first operated the domain name system (DNS) registry under a sub-contract with the U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) in September 1991.
NSI gave out names in .com, .org, .mil, .gov, .edu and .net for free, along with free Internet Protocol (IP) address blocks.
This work was performed at the Chantilly offices of GSI, the primary contractor, a corporation formed by Infonet to avoid foreign ownership of U.S. government contracts.
In 1992, NSI was the sole bidder on a grant from the National Science Foundation to further develop the domain name registration service for the Internet.
In 1993, NSI was granted an exclusive contract by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to be the sole domain name registrar for .com (commerce), .net (network) and .org (organization) Top Level Domain (TLD) names, a continuation of work NSI had already been doing.
In May 1993, the National Science Foundation privatized the domain name registry; Network Solutions was the only bidder on the $5.9 million annual contract to administer it.
The 30% of the registration fee that went to the NSF was ruled by a court to be an illegal tax.
Further aggravating the controversy was Network Solutions' automated screens blocked the registration of shitakemushrooms.com, though the domain name 'shit.com' had been successfully registered.
Network Solutions argued that it was within its First Amendment rights to block words it found offensive, even though it was operating pursuant to contract with a Federal agency.
Network Solutions' $100 charge and its monopoly position in the market were contributing pressures that resulted in the creation of the International Ad Hoc Committee and a failed attempt to take control of the domain name system, and to the US Department of Commerce, NTIA releasing the White Paper and ultimately contracting with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to administer the DNS.
After the formation of ICANN in 1998, the domain name industry opened up to partial competition, with NSI retaining its monopoly on .com, .net and .org but having to recognize a separation of registry, which manages the underlying database of domain names, and registrar, which acts as a retail provider of domain names.
By the end of 1999 the fee for registration had been reduced, from $34.99, to a wholesale rate of $6 per year to registered resellers.
In 2000, at the peak of the dot-com bubble, the company was acquired by VeriSign, Inc. for $21 billion in stock.
By December 31, 2011, over half of the office space in the Herndon, Virginia headquarters had been vacated, and on March 31, 2012, the company's Belleville, Illinois office was closed.
Koole says that Tucows has found a way to address the issue of domain tasting and has policies in place that uphold the rights of Registrants.
In August 2009, Network Solutions notified customers that its servers were breached, and led to the exposure of names, address, and credit card numbers of more than 573,000 people who made purchases on Web sites hosted by the company.
One year later in August 2010, Network Solutions discovered that one of their widgets offered to their domain registration and hosting customers was capable of distributing malware by sites displaying it.
The affected widget was at least temporarily addressed by Network Solutions, who were able to make changes to the code to prevent it from loading.
In January, 2014 Network Solutions' marketing department sent an email to customers stating that the company would be automatically enrolling customers in a new security program called WebLock, for an initial charge of $1,850 for the first year and $1,350 each subsequent year.
... To help recapture the costs of maintaining this extra level of security for your account, your credit card will be billed $1,850 for the first year of service on the date your program goes live... After that you will be billed $1,350 on every subsequent year from that date.
In September, 2009, Network Solutions began publishing a list of domain name whois searches performed by customers and other service users in the past day.
Wilders said the 15-minute film will show how verses from the Qur'an are being used today to incite modern Muslims to behave violently and anti-democratically.
Network Solutions also came under criticism because although they refused to host Wilders' website, they had provided registration services for the Hezbollah domain hizbollah.org.
In response to these criticisms, Network Solutions agreed that hizbollah.org violated their acceptable use policy and ceased hosting that web site, as well.
Freedom of speech protestors created videos commenting on the situation, and some uploaded Wilders' film to social networking sites such as YouTube shortly after its release.
Krebs wrote that Network Solutions spokesperson Susan Wade stated that Network Solutions had received several complaints regarding the website, but she did not elaborate on the specific nature of the complaints.
In April 2008, reports indicated that in addition to the aforementioned front-running practices, Network Solutions had begun exploiting an obscure provision of its end-user license agreement that permits it to use and advertise on its users' unassigned subdomains, even despite the registration and private ownership of the top-level domain itself.
Ars Technica has documented how to opt out of this scheme, but many private domain holders and privacy advocates cite the move as another step in Network Solutions' series of recent attempts to push the boundaries of profitability and responsibility in its domain practices.
In April 2015, the Federal Trade Commission announced that Network Solutions had agreed to settle charges that it misled consumers who bought web hosting services by promising a full refund if they canceled within 30 days.
Returning to the East Coast for two weeks in June, she conducted a Naval Reserve training cruise out of Newport, R.I. She resumed her Mediterranean cruise 25 June, returning to Boston 30 November.
She arrived at Long Beach 3 April and departed two weeks later for the politically volatile Far East, entering the harbor at Tsingtao, China, 15 May.
During this time, the Nationalist Chinese forces, having suffered extreme setbacks, had begun their withdrawal to the island of Taiwan, 16 July, and the People's Republic of China had been proclaimed at Peiping, 1 October 1949.
The United Nations quickly declared North Korea the aggressor and called on members of that body to repel the invasion, 26 to 27 June.
As part of a carrier group, she commenced operations in the Yellow Sea, supporting United Nations Forces air efforts against the elongated Communist communications lines by coastal patrol, blockade, and bombardment.
After the establishment of major control of the Inchon–Seoul transport complex, she moved north to bombard North Korean troop concentrations on Tungsan Got, while aircraft from her strike force hit the railhead at Ongjin, 27 September.
This action effectively slowed reinforcement of Communist forces in the south by disrupting their supply lines and keeping their troops occupied in defensive action.
Arriving 10 October, she commenced shore bombardment and patrol duties in support of the minesweeping operations in the area while planes from TF 77 conducted raids against North Korean vessels, road and rail centers, warehouses, and supply depots as far north as Songjin.
On 3 December, the cruiser rejoined TF 77 and steamed to Hungnam to support the complete evacuation of that port and the demolition of its facilities.
Naval gunfire kept enemy soldiers from swarming onto the ship until, the ship having been declared unsalvageable, the remainder of the crew was taken off by the cruiser's helicopter.
Firing at both shore and inland targets, she blasted communication and transportation centers, destroying and disrupting the enemy's equipment and troop concentrations.
On 22 February, she steamed to Wonsan to add her guns to the siege and blockade of that port which had commenced five days earlier.
She continued to conduct shore bombardment activities along the northeast coast, primarily at Wonsan and Songjin, for the remainder of her first Korean combat tour.
She arrived back in the combat zone 8 December and took up duties as flagship of TF 95, the U.N. blockading and escort force.
By this time, the conflict had altered in character, from quick forceful action to perseverance in the systematic destruction of the enemy's personnel and equipment.
To this purpose, TF 95 maintained a blockade along the entire Korean coast and bombarded the Communist's main supply routes, which, because of the mountainous terrain, lay on the narrow coastal plains.
The new year, 1953, brought no change in the negative results of the cease-fire talks begun at Kaesong 10 July 1951 and later moved to Panmunjom.
She came back to this besieged city periodically during this tour, spending the remainder of the time on patrol along the bombline, providing fire support for the U.N.
During 1954 and 1955, the cruiser was twice deployed for six month periods with the 7th Fleet in the western Pacific.
Departing Yokosuka 20 January 1956, she stopped at Pearl Harbor for ceremonies and continued on to Long Beach, arriving 5 February.
At the end of the month, she sailed for San Francisco, where she entered the Reserve Fleet 27 February, and decommissioned 27 June 1956.
For part of her Korean deployment (12 July 1951 – 29 May 1952), she was commanded by Laurence Hugh Frost, who would later be the Director of the National Security Agency under Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy.
A stop sign is a traffic sign designed to notify drivers that they must come to a complete stop and make sure that the intersection is clear of vehicles and pedestrians before they continue through the intersection.
The 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals allows for two types of stop sign as well as three acceptable variants.
The finalized version by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Conference on Road Traffic in 1968 (and in force in 1978) proposed the standard stop sign diameters of 600, 900 or 1200 mm.
The United Kingdom and New Zealand stop signs are 750, 900 or 1200 mm, according to sign location and traffic speeds.
In the United States, stop signs have a size of 750 mm across opposite flats of the red octagon, with a 20 mm white border.
Regulatory provisions exist for extra-large signs with legend and border for use where sign visibility or reaction distance are limited, and the smallest permissible stop sign size for general usage is with a legend and 15 mm (⅝ in) border.
In the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of the UN, the instruction on the sign to stop is specified to be either in English as or written in the local language.
The sign's distinctive design was developed and first used in the U.S., and later adopted by other countries and by the U.N.
However, most countries see fewer of them than North America and South Africa, because all-way stops are never used and may even be legally prohibited.
In a majority of European and Central Asian countries, as well as Cuba in North America, junctions without traffic lights or roundabouts are controlled by stop signs on minor roads and by white, yellow and black priority diamond signs on the major road.
In the UK, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, New Zealand, Russia, Germany and Australia, stop signs are restricted to situations wherein coming to a dead stop is actually necessary because of severely limited sight lines.
Finally, at the busier crossing streets, Give Way signs may be replaced by (mini) roundabouts, which also work on the give way (rather than stop) principle.
Stop signs are often used in North America to control conflicting traffic movements at intersections that are not busy enough to justify the installation of a traffic signal or roundabout.
In the United States, the stop sign is not intended for use as a traffic calming device; it is intended to be installed mainly for safety and/or to assign right-of-way for a certain direction.
Nevertheless, in the United States, Mexico and Canada, stop signs are commonly deployed as supposed safety measures in residential areas and near places where children play or walk (such as schoolyards), or that experience frequent automobile collisions, making extra precautions necessary.
However, studies have confirmed that stop signs do not offer measurable safety benefits over the Yield approach adopted in the countries listed above based on original European research dating back many decades.
More recently, Georgia Traffic Engineer Martin Bretherton Jr. reviewed over 70 technical papers to find that multiway stop signs do not typically control traffic speeds, and can create a variety of problems, including liability issues, traffic noise, pollution, enforcement problems, and poor stop compliance when drivers feel that the signs have no justification.
While the initial cost of installing stop signs is low, enforcement costs can be prohibitive, and one 1990 study estimated extra travel costs per intersection as $210,061/year.
Finally, where unwarranted multiway stops have been successfully removed with public support, results have included improved compliance at justified stop signs.
One prolific source of crashes is the misconception of law that every motorist who attempts to enter a main highway from a side road, does so at his or her peril.
Such motorists usually have very definite rights granted by provisions of state vehicle codes, which provide that after the driver has 'yielded' by stopping at an arterial sign he or she may proceed and the drivers of all other vehicles approaching the intersection on the through highway shall yield the right of way to the vehicle crossing the through highway.
Where a car has actually entered an intersection before the other approaches it, the driver of the first car has the right to assume that he or she will be given the right of way and be permitted to pass through the intersection without danger of collision.
He or she has a right to assume that the driver of the other car will obey the law, slow down, and yield the right of way, if slowing down be necessary to prevent a collision.
In order to be able to fulfil the duty of yielding to entering motorists who have established control of the intersection, the through driver must travel no faster than permitted by the assured clear distance ahead.
Vehicles that are approaching an intersection from beyond the subtended angular velocity detection threshold (SAVT) limit may be perceived with subjective constancy by the stopped driver; which means the oncoming vehicle cannot be reliably distinguished between moving or parked or give insight to time-to-collision, though they may be travelling at such an imprudent speed as to pose an immediate hazard.
An entering driver must have fair notice that his or her contemplated conduct is forbidden by such hazard for it to be illegal.
There is a tradeoff between the salient visual cues provided by increased limit line setback, and the crucial time that is lost in approaching the intersection from behind that line; being closer can provide a few additional seconds requisite for safe transit.
However, common creeping into the intersection past the limit line causes drivers to lose the invaluable perspective of the visual acuity of lateral motion, crippling them to the more dangerous SAVT.
As intersections are not engineered to be used this way, the traffic flow ideals have broken down when drivers consistently choose this method as the safer alternative.
Stop signs are accompanied with a limit line, which has a mandatory setback distance which is often not less than 15 feet.
While it may be negligence per se to prematurely pass the stop limit line, drivers may be unfairly denied sufficient time gap or opportunity to enter otherwise because of the through-traffic flow and speed; the inherent problem with this traffic control device.
While stop signs are a relatively inexpensive method of traffic management, they can be expensive from perspective of the damage they cause users.
Pricey but safer traffic signals, roundabouts, and traffic circles are alternatively used where traffic flow dictates it is inappropriate to use a stop sign.
It is just as crucial for law enforcement to regulate traffic through-speed that is above the assured clear distance ahead ahead as it is to cite stop sign runners for this device to be a viable option.
A pivoting arm equipped with a stop sign is a piece of equipment required by law on North American school buses.
The sign normally stows flat on the left side of the bus, and is deployed by the driver while picking up or dropping off passengers.
The stop sign is retroreflective and equipped either with red blinking lights above and below the legend or with a legend that is illuminated by LEDs.
Unlike a normal stop sign, this sign requires other vehicles travelling in both directions to remain stopped until the sign is retracted.
In Europe, stop signs aren't used as often as North America does, and they are generally placed at sites where visibility is severely restricted, or has a high crash rate.
In the UK, stop signs may be placed only at sites with severely restricted visibility, and each must be individually approved by the Secretary of State for Transport.
Section 79 of the Highways Act 1980 enables the government to improve visibility at junctions, as by removing or shortening walls or hedges, in preference to placing a stop sign.
At a junction where two or more traffic directions are controlled by stop signs, generally the driver who arrives and stops first continues first.
If two or three drivers in different directions stop simultaneously at a junction controlled by stop signs, generally the drivers on the left must yield the right-of-way to the driver on the far right.
As stop signs became more widespread, a committee supported by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) met in 1922 to standardize them and selected the octagonal shape that has been used in the United States ever since.
The unique eight-sided shape of the sign allows drivers facing the back of the sign to identify that oncoming drivers have a stop sign and prevent confusion with other traffic signs.
These two organizations eventually merged to form the Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, which in 1935 published the first Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD) detailing the stop sign's specifications.
The MUTCD stop sign specifications were altered eight times between 1935 and 1971, mostly dealing with its reflectorization and its mounting height.
In 1968, this sign was adopted by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals as part of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's effort to standardize road travel across borders.
English-speaking countries, the exception being India, are not party to the Convention but usually use the red octagonal stop sign per their own standards, like the MUTCD.
Although all English-speaking and many other countries use the word on stop signs, some jurisdictions use an equivalent word in their primary language instead of or in addition to it.
In the Canadian province of Quebec, modern signs read either or ; however, it is not uncommon to see older signs containing both words in smaller lettering, with on top.
Bilingual signs with are placed in English-speaking areas of New Brunswick, Acadian regions of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, National Capital Region and all border crossings of the Canada-United States border.
On First Nations or Inuit territories, stop signs sometimes use the local aboriginal language in addition to or instead of English, French or both.
Almost all of Europe uses the word STOP in Latin letters; the only exception is Turkey, while Armenia uses a bilingual sign.
Exceptions include Japan, which uses an inverted solid red triangle, and Zimbabwe, which (until 2016) used a disc bearing a black cross.
Sunday Creek is a tributary of the Hocking River, 27.2 miles (43.8 km) long, in southeastern Ohio in the United States.
Via the Hocking and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining 139 square miles (360 km²) in a mainly rural area of the Allegheny Plateau region.
Its name is locally said to derive from early white settlers who in 1802 reached the creek on a Sunday, and so named it after the day of their discovery.
Sunday Creek rises in southeastern Perry County and flows generally southwardly into northern Athens County, passing through the communities of Rendville, Corning, Glouster, Trimble, Jacksonville, and Millfield (site of the 1930 Millfield Mine disaster), to Chauncey, where it flows into the Hocking River.
In Athens County north of Glouster it collects the East Branch Sunday Creek, 15.5 miles (25 km) long, which rises in Perry County and passes through Morgan County.
Tom Jenkins Dam, constructed on the East Branch in Athens County in 1950 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, forms Burr Oak Lake, the site of Burr Oak State Park.
In Glouster, Sunday Creek collects the West Branch Sunday Creek, 14 miles (22.5 km) long, which rises in Perry County and flows generally southwardly.
Other significant Tributaries include Greens Run, Mud Fork, and Johnson Run, all perennial streams draining the area to the west of the creek.
A predominant land use in the watershed of Sunday Creek has historically been coal mining, with both underground and surface mines in the area.
The lower areas of the creek are generally colored orange from the effects of acid-mine drainage during times of low water.
, an organization called the Sunday Creek Watershed Group operates with the intention of addressing water quality and ecosystem-related matters in the watershed.
He had already been created Lord Portmore in 1699 and was made Lord Colyear and Viscount of Milsington at the same time as he was granted the earldom, also in the Peerage of Scotland.
He was the son of Alexander Colyear, who had been created a Baronet, of Holland, in the Baronetage of England on 20 February 1677.
was a major preglacial river that drained much of the present Ohio River watershed, but took a more northerly downstream course.
The largest still existing contributor to the former Teays River is the Kanawha River in West Virginia, which is itself an extension of the New River.
The largest tributary to the Teays River was the Old Kentucky River (Teller 1991), which extended from southern Kentucky through Frankfort and subsequently flowed northeast, meeting other tributaries and eventually joining the Teays.
Only the Nebraskan is recognized as earlier than Kansan; these have been designated as remnants of deposits left by the Nebraskan glacier.
With the withdrawal of the Nebraskan glacier, which caused integration of the upper Kanawha (Teays) with the preglacial Ohio, a vastly shortened, unnamed descendant of the Teays apparently headed somewhere in west-central Ohio and cut the ‘deep stage’ across Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois during the long Aftonian interglacial stage, which followed.
If the sequence of bedrock formations of northern Indiana were exposed, the extensive cliffs along the ‘deep stage’ of the Teays and its tributaries would provide a clearer understanding of the stratigraphy of northern Indiana.
The entire Silurian section below the Liston Creek limestone and a few feet of the upper Ordovician probably would be visible in the vicinity of La Fontaine.
In Wabash County the part of the Teays Valley above the ‘deep stage’ consists of broad terraces at an altitude of about .
These terraces probably correspond in age to an erosional surface in the unglaciated areas known as the Parker strath, which was the result an erosion cycle that ended before the Kansan phase of the pre-Illinoian glaciation.
The Parker strath probably represents an erosional level existent at the beginning of the Pleistocene before the rejuvenation associated with, and following, the Nebraskan glaciation.
The general appearance and width of the strath terrace along the Teays Valley in Indiana indicates that it represents only a slight rejuvenation following the Lexington cycle.
In Virginia and West Virginia, the Teays River flowed in the valleys of the modern New River and Kanawha River (Hansen, 1995).
The Teays River was a north- and northwest-flowing river existing before the Pleistocene Ice Ages – before 2.5 million years ago.
The Teays then flowed under what is present-day Lafayette, Indiana and just north of Champaign, Illinois, and likely was coincident with the lower present-day Illinois River.
These glaciers were the massive continental ice sheets that began to cover large parts of Ohio and other states downstream (west) of Ohio between 2.5 and 3 million years ago.
These new rivers – formed about 2 million years ago – included the present-day Ohio and Scioto Rivers, which are associated with the most direct evidence of the Teays.
Its headwaters was near the eastern escarpment of the Blue Ridge, at the edge of the Piedmont Plateau in North Carolina and Virginia.
It flows northeasterly direction for some distance and after making a right-angled bend, it trends northward until it makes a 90° turn to the west and joins the Gauley River.
Approaching Huntington, the Guyandotte River joins the general path of the ancient river beginning at Barboursville and follows it north until the former river veers west over the south hills of Huntington and joins the Ohio River Valley heading west towards Kentucky.
The Ohio River follows the Teays path until leaving the Ohio River in the north end of Catlettsburg where it veers away just south of Ashland to Wheelersburg.
The Ohio River has a floor of the original valley as shown by the silted flats south of Ashland and the terraces between Franklin Furnace and Wheelersburg.
At Wheelersburg, the Teays River flowed northward past Minford, Stockdale and Beaver, to Waverly, through a high-level, broad, well-defined open valley.
The Scioto River has eroded and partially destroyed the Teays Valley from Waverly to Richmondale, but its floor exists as broad upland flats, near Omega and Higby.
From Chillicothe, the Teays Valley can be traced in a northwesterly direction past Andersonville, crossing the southwestern part of Pickaway County, past Atlanta.
From there, it crosses the northeast corner of Fayette County near Waterloo, extending in a northwesterly direction past London in Madison County, to Vienna in Clark County.
From Vienna, the Teays River continues in a westerly direction, to a point near Springfield, in Clark County, and thence northwestward past Boulusville and St. Paris in Champaign County, and Sidney, Anna and Botkins, in Shelby County, to the southeastern part of Washington Township in Auglaize County, where it was joined from the north by a tributary, Wapakoneta Creek.
The ‘deep stage’ is used to describe the portion of the Teays Valley and other proglacial valleys carved into bedrock in the Great Lakes region.
The floor of the Teays Valley in West Virginia is above the entrenched Kanawha and Ohio valley floors, and its bedrock floor is at least above them.
The ‘deep stage’ apparently was cut mainly after the diversion of the upper Kanawha (Teays) drainage to the Ohio River (Stout, Ver Steeg, and Lamb, 1943, pp.
The lowest bedrock altitude obtained along the course of the Teays Valley across Wabash County was above sea level in the vicinity of La Fontaine.
The altitude of the valley floor where it occurs beneath the present floodplain of the Wabash River should be about .
In the unglaciated area of southern Ohio, tributaries reflect the adjacent hills, which are considerably reduced: low gradients, broad valleys for the size of the modern streams, and dendritic patterns, all features of maturity.
The largest of the tributaries in Ohio are the Marietta River, Hamden Creek, Albany River, Barlow Creek, Portsmouth River, Logan River, Bremen Creek, Putnam Creek, Cambridge River, Groveport River, Mechanicsburg Creek, and Wapakoneta Creek.
Well records do not indicate a broad depression, which widens northward and is of sufficient size to have accommodated so large a stream as the Cincinnati River.
A tributary from the north enters the Mahomet Valley near Paxton, and important tributaries from the south, north of Danville, and in western Logan and Menard counties.
The Kanawha (Teays) was forced across a major divide when the return of the Laurentian ice sheet dammed the northward flow of the river.
Visual remains of the Teays River today include large valleys containing only small streams (such as the mile-wide valley from Huntington to St. Albans in West Virginia and the valley extending north from Wheelersburg in Ohio).
These glaciers were the massive continental ice sheets that began to cover large parts of Ohio and other states downstream (west) of Ohio between 2.5 and 3 million years ago.
These new rivers – formed about 2 million years ago – included the present-day Ohio and Scioto Rivers, which are associated with the most direct evidence of the Teays.
In 1903 William G. Tight, a professor at Denison University in Granville, Ohio, saw the same type of valley and small stream running from Charleston to the Ohio River.
Professor Tight sought in vain to persuade the geological community that this valley once carried a mighty river that continued across Ohio, Indiana and Illinois through a valley now deeply buried under glacial deposits.
General Charles Murray Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart (21 December 1783 – 16 July 1859), styled Lord Greenock between 1814 and 1843, was a British Army general who became Governor General of the Province of Canada and Lieutenant Governor of Canada West (26 November 1845 – 30 January 1847).
He was a keen amateur geologist, with enough recognition to warrant being made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
He became heir apparent to the lordship of Cathcart in 1804, after his brother William Cathcart, Master of Cathcart died while commanding a Royal Navy vessel in the West Indies.
Cathcart saw service on the ill-fated Walcheren Expedition in 1809 and at the siege of Flushing, after which for some time he was disabled by the injurious effects of the pestilence which cut off so many thousands of his companions.
Becoming lieutenant colonel on 30 August 1810, he embarked for the Peninsula, where he was present at the Battle of Barrosa, for which he received a gold medal on 6 April 1812, at the Battle of Salamanca, and the Battle of Vitoria, during which he served as assistant quartermaster-general.
He was next sent to assist Sir Thomas Graham in Holland as the head of the quartermaster-general's staff and was present at the ill-fated Siege of Bergen op Zoom in March 1814.
He was awarded the Russian Order of St. Vladimir, the Dutch Military William Order, and made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).
He became involved in the proceedings of the Highland Society, became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and where he announced the discovery of a new mineral, a sulphide of cadmium, which was found in excavating the Bishopton tunnel near Port Glasgow and which is now known as Greenockite.
On 16 March 1846 he was appointed commander-in-chief in British North America from 16 March 1846 and in 1850 he was appointed to the command of the Northern and Midland District, and in 1855 he retired.
With this ordering, there is no point in testing for divisibility by four if the number has already been determined not divisible by two, and so on for three and any multiple of three, etc.
A useful table need not be large: P(3512) = 32749, the last prime that fits into a sixteen-bit signed integer and P(6542) = 65521 for unsigned sixteen-bit integers.
Preparing such a table (usually via the Sieve of Eratosthenes) would only be worthwhile if many numbers were to be tested.
It can be shown that 88% of all positive integers have a factor under 100 and that 92% have a factor under 1000.
However, many-digit numbers that do not have factors in the small primes can require days or months to factor with the trial division.
The largest cryptography-grade number that has been factored is RSA-240, a 240 digits number, using the GNFS and a network of hundreds of computers.
James Pinckney Henderson (March 31, 1808 – June 4, 1858) was a United States and Republic of Texas lawyer, politician, soldier, and the first Governor of the State of Texas.
Upon his graduation, he studied 18 hours a day to pass his bar exam and was admitted to the North Carolina State Bar in 1829.
The Texas Declaration of Independence had already been signed on March 2, and David G. Burnet was elected interim President of the new Republic of Texas on March 10.
The Alamo had fallen on March 6, and Sam Houston had been victorious on April 21 at the Battle of San Jacinto.
On May 14, 1836, Antonio López de Santa Anna has signed the Treaties of Velasco agreeing to withdraw his troops from Texas.
Interim President Burnet commissioned Henderson as a Brigadier general in the Texas Army, with orders to return to North Carolina to raise troops to serve in Texas.
Sam Houston became President of the Republic of Texas on September 5, 1836, and appointed Henderson as the Republic's attorney general.
In December of that same year, Henderson was named by Houston to replace the recently deceased Stephen F. Austin as Secretary of State for the Republic.
In early 1837, Houston decreed Henderson as minister from the Republic of Texas to France at the Tuileries Palace, and to England at the Court of St. James's.
During his tenure as minister, he was successful in securing the recognition of the independence of the Republic of Texas, and negotiated trade agreements with both countries.
He was sent to Washington, D.C. in 1844 to work in coordination with Isaac Van Zandt to secure the annexation of Texas to the United States.
When the Mexican–American War broke out in April of that year, Henderson took a leave of absence as governor to command a Texas volunteer cavalry division.
Henderson met his future wife Frances Cox when he represented the Republic of Texas as a minister to France and England.
Frances Cox Henderson died in 1897 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in New Jersey, where she had been living with daughter Julia and son-in-law Edward White Adams.
Henderson County, which was established in 1846, and the city of Henderson, founded in 1843 in Rusk County, are named in his honor.
This re-release took several delays as the first stated release date was 8 August 2011 while the albums finally came out on 13 February 2012.
An announcement in the interim stated that the albums would be remastered with new bonus tracks to be added to the track listings as well as new artwork and liner notes from music journalist Everett True.
Not everything a heel wrestler does must be villainous: heels need only to be booed or jeered by the audience to be effective characters.
To gain heat (with boos and jeers from the audience), heels are often portrayed as behaving in an immoral manner by breaking rules or otherwise taking advantage of their opponents outside the bounds of the standards of the match.
Others do not (or rarely) break rules, but instead exhibit unlikeable, appalling and deliberately offensive and demoralizing personality traits such as arrogance, cowardice or contempt for the audience.
No matter the type of heel, the most important job is that of the antagonist role, as heels exist to provide a foil to the face wrestlers.
If a given heel is cheered over the face, a promoter may opt to turn that heel to face or the other way around, or to make the wrestler do something even more despicable to encourage heel heat.
More theatrical heels would feature dramatic outfits giving off a nasty or otherwise dangerous look, such as wearing corpse paint over their faces, putting on demonic masks, covering themselves in dark leather and the like.
He in turn relished the attention, and exploded in to the one of the most famous (and hated) heels not only of his era, but of all time.
During his period in The Ministry of Darkness, he undertook performances where he would appear as a priest of the occult in a hooded black robe and sit on a devilish throne.
This occurs due to fans being entertained by a wrestler despite (or because of) their heel persona, often due to the performer's charisma or charm in playing the role.
Certain wrestlers such as Eddie Guerrero and Ric Flair gained popularity as faces by using tactics that would typically be associated with heels, while others like Stone Cold Steve Austin, Scott Hall and more recently Becky Lynch displayed heelish behavior during their careers yet got big face reactions, leading them to be marketed as antiheroes.
An example is Roman Reigns, who in 2018 was a top face in WWE, but got booed in his matches while his opponents got cheered regardless of them being face or heel, due to perceived favoritism from WWE bookers and executive and a lack of character development.
Such characters often (but not always) become nudged into becoming villains over time or retooled to present a different public image, such as The Rock's heel turn from a clean-cut face to self-absorbed narcissist in the heel Nation of Domination stable.
The term heel does not describe a typical set of attributes or audience reaction by itself, but simply a wrestler's presentation and booking as an antagonist.
Examples include Seth Rollins during his first WWE World Heavyweight Championship run, Charlotte during her Divas/Raw Women's Championship reign, the Honky Tonk Man during his long Intercontinental Championship reign, Tommaso Ciampa during his NXT Championship reign and The IIconics during their WWE Women's Tag Team Championship reign.
This helps to affirm the intended kayfabe reactions that the face(s) that said heel is feuding with is/are more deserving of the title.
Heels may in fact beg for mercy during a beat down at the hands of faces, even if they have delivered similar beat downs with no mercy, with Ric Flair in particular being well known for this.
Other heels may act overpowering to their opponents as to play up the scrappy underdog success story for the face instead.
Brock Lesnar has played heel in both capacities, but has become quite famous (either as a heel or a face) as an almost-unstoppable machine who can take down anything in his path.
Traditionally, they wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating (in contrast to the villains who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience.
Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic: faces need only to be clapped or cheered by the audience to be effective characters.
The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel, although more elaborate set-ups (such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting) often happen as well.
A good example would be Stone Cold Steve Austin, who despite playing a heel early on in his career would start to be seen more of an antihero because of his popularity with the fans.
While clearly not championing rule following, nor submission to authority, Austin was still regarded as the face in many of his duels such as his rivalry with World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) owner Mr. McMahon.
The portrayal of face wrestlers changed in the 1990s with the birth of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), the start of World Championship Wrestling's (WCW) New World Order (nWo) storyline, and the Attitude Era of the WWF.
During this time, wrestlers like Stone Cold Steve Austin and Sting used tactics traditionally associated with heels, but remained popular with the fans.
Professional wrestling had just come off a huge steroid scandal and was facing poor ratings compared to the 1980s, and as a result, professional wrestling transformed into an edgier, more mature product.
In contrast to the emerging new breed of faces, Kurt Angle was introduced to the then-WWF with an American hero gimmick based on his gold medal win at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Although such a personality appears appropriate for a face wrestler, Angle's character was arrogant and constantly reminded people of his Olympic glory, behaving as if he thought he was better than the fans.
Although his character was intended to be a heel and behaved accordingly, some commentators speculated that if Angle attempted to get over as a face using a more heroic version of the same character, he would have failed.
Some reasons for this include repetitive in-ring antics, a limited moveset, a lengthy title reign, lack of selling their opponents' moves, or an uninteresting character.
For example, Batista's run as a face upon his return to the WWE in 2014 was met with overwhelmingly negative reactions from the fans.
Faces that get more support than expected sometimes move closer towards the main event scene, while those getting less of a reaction than hoped might move down on the card.
In late 2013 Bryan was constantly cheated out of the WWE Championship by on-screen authority figures, much to the fans' dismay, and it did not look like he was slotted to take back his place in the main event anytime soon.
chants that had become synonymous with Bryan were present at any show he was on, and eventually the main event of WrestleMania XXX would be changed from Batista vs Randy Orton for the WWE Championship, to a triple threat match with Daniel Bryan which he would go on to win.
Some face wrestlers often give high fives or give out merchandise to fans while entering the ring before their match, such as T-shirts, sunglasses, hats and masks.
Bret Hart was one of the first superstars to make this popular, as he would drape his signature sunglasses on a child in the audience.
Rey Mysterio, who has been a face in WWE since his debut, would go to any fan (frequently a child) wearing a replica of his mask and touch their head with his head for good luck before wrestling.
Other examples include John Cena throwing his shirts and caps in the crowd before entering a match and Big Show giving his hat to a fan when he was a face.
These actions often relate to wrestlers promoting charity work or other actions outside the ring, blurring the lines between scripted wrestling and their personal lives.
In the ring, traditional faces are expected to abide by the rules and win matches by their own skill rather than by cheating, outside interference etc.
Because heel wrestlers take little issues with using such tactics, the face enters many matches already at a disadvantage to the heel.
Traditional faces similar to Hulk Hogan tend to draw on support from the crowd when it's time for them to make their big comeback.
It is the job of the face commentator to criticize the tactics and behavior of the heel wrestler and gather support for the face wrestler.
The face commentator gathers support for the face wrestler by mentioning how much of a disadvantage he is at, or by praising the hero's morality and valor.
The parish church, dedicated to Saint Vedast, also houses The Hamby Monument, a wall monument originally constructed around 1620, and later restored by their descendants, the Chaplin family.
Tathwell Hall at Tathwell was the longtime home of the Chaplin family, a branch of the Chaplin family of Baronets of Blankney, who served as MPs for Lincolnshire and who were descended from Sir Francis Chaplin, Lord Mayor of London in 1677.
The family became active in Lincolnshire, and in subsequent years many members of the Chaplin family stood for Parliament from Lincolnshire.
The Last Glacial Period (LGP) occurred from the end of the Eemian to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago.
This most recent glacial period is part of a larger pattern of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Quaternary glaciation extending from years ago to present.
While the general pattern of global cooling and glacier advance was similar, local differences in the development of glacier advance and retreat make it difficult to compare the details from continent to continent (see picture of ice core data below for differences).
The end of the Younger Dryas about 11,700 years ago marked the beginning of the Holocene geological epoch, which includes the Holocene glacial retreat.
Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived the last glacial period in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.
Thus, the end of the last glacial period, which was about 11,700 years ago, is not the end of the last ice age since extensive year-round ice persists in Antarctica and Greenland.
The last glacial period is the best-known part of the current ice age, and has been intensively studied in North America, northern Eurasia, the Himalaya and other formerly glaciated regions around the world.
The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and to a lesser extent in the Southern Hemisphere.
Canada was nearly completely covered by ice, as well as the northern part of the United States, both blanketed by the huge Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Local glaciations existed in the Rocky Mountains and the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and as ice fields and ice caps in the Sierra Nevada in northern California.
In Britain, mainland Europe, and northwestern Asia, the Scandinavian ice sheet once again reached the northern parts of the British Isles, Germany, Poland, and Russia, extending as far east as the Taymyr Peninsula in western Siberia.
The maximum extent of western Siberian glaciation was reached by approximately 16,000–15,000 BC and thus later than in Europe ( BC).
The Arctic Ocean between the huge ice sheets of America and Eurasia was not frozen throughout, but like today probably was only covered by relatively shallow ice, subject to seasonal changes and riddled with icebergs calving from the surrounding ice sheets.
In contrast to the earlier glacial stages, the Würm glaciation was composed of smaller ice caps and mostly confined to valley glaciers, sending glacial lobes into the Alpine foreland.
The Pyrenees, the highest massifs of the Carpathian Mountains and the Balkanic peninsula mountains and to the east the Caucasus and the mountains of Turkey and Iran were capped by local ice fields or small ice sheets.
In the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, glaciers advanced considerably, particularly between 45,000 and 25,000 BC, but these datings are controversial.
To a still lesser extent glaciers existed in Africa, for example in the High Atlas, the mountains of Morocco, the Mount Atakor massif in southern Algeria, and several mountains in Ethiopia.
In the Southern Hemisphere, an ice cap of several hundred square kilometers was present on the east African mountains in the Kilimanjaro massif, Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains, still bearing remnants of glaciers today.
Ice sheets existed in the Andes (Patagonian Ice Sheet), where six glacier advances between 31,500 and 11,900 BC in the Chilean Andes have been reported.
In mainland Australia only a very small area in the vicinity of Mount Kosciuszko was glaciated, whereas in Tasmania glaciation was more widespread.
An ice sheet formed in New Zealand, covering all of the Southern Alps, where at least three glacial advances can be distinguished.
Local ice caps existed in Western New Guinea, Indonesia, where in three ice areas remnants of the Pleistocene glaciers are still preserved today.
Studies suggest the mountains of Southern Africa were mostly subject to mild periglaciation during the last glacial cycle and the annual average temperatures were about 6 °C colder than at present.
The estimated 6 °C temperature drop for Southern Africa is in line with temperature drops estimated for Tasmania and southern Patagonia during the same time.
The environment of the Lesotho Highlands during the Last Glacial Maximum was one of a relatively arid periglaciation without permafrost but with deep seasonal freezing on south-facing slopes.
describing over a hundred ocean sediment craters, some 3,000 meters wide and up to 300 meters deep, formed by explosive eruptions of methane from destabilized methane hydrates, following ice-sheet retreat during the last glacial period, around 12,000 years ago.
Irish geologists, geographers, and archaeologists refer to the Midlandian glaciation as its effects in Ireland are largely visible in the Irish Midlands.
Its deposits have been found overlying material from the preceding Ipswichian stage and lying beneath those from the following Holocene, which is the stage we are living in today.
The latter part of the Devensian includes Pollen zones I-IV, the Allerød oscillation and Bølling oscillation, and Oldest Dryas, the Older Dryas and Younger Dryas cold periods.
Evidence suggests that the ice sheets were at their maximum size for only a short period, between 25,000 and 13,000 BP.
Eight interstadials have been recognized in the Weichselian, including: the Oerel, Glinde, Moershoofd, Hengelo and Denekamp; however correlation with isotope stages is still in process.
During the glacial maximum in Scandinavia, only the western parts of Jutland were ice-free, and a large part of what is today the North Sea was dry land connecting Jutland with Britain (see Doggerland).
The Baltic Sea, with its unique brackish water, is a result of meltwater from the Weichsel glaciation combining with saltwater from the North Sea when the straits between Sweden and Denmark opened.
Initially, when the ice began melting about 10,300 BP, seawater filled the isostatically depressed area, a temporary marine incursion that geologists dub the Yoldia Sea.
Then, as post-glacial isostatic rebound lifted the region about 9500 BP, the deepest basin of the Baltic became a freshwater lake, in palaeological contexts referred to as Ancylus Lake, which is identifiable in the freshwater fauna found in sediment cores.
The lake was filled by glacial runoff, but as worldwide sea level continued rising, saltwater again breached the sill about 8000 BP, forming a marine Littorina Sea which was followed by another freshwater phase before the present brackish marine system was established.
As a result of melting ice, the land has continued to rise yearly in Scandinavia, mostly in northern Sweden and Finland where the land is rising at a rate of as much as 8–9 mm per year, or 1 meter in 100 years.
This is important for archaeologists since a site that was coastal in the Nordic Stone Age now is inland and can be dated by its relative distance from the present shore.
The Alps were where the first systematic scientific research on ice ages was conducted by Louis Agassiz at the beginning of the 19th century.
Pollen analysis, the statistical analyses of microfossilized plant pollens found in geological deposits, chronicled the dramatic changes in the European environment during the Würm glaciation.
During the height of Würm glaciation,  BP, most of western and central Europe and Eurasia was open steppe-tundra, while the Alps presented solid ice fields and montane glaciers.
Montane and piedmont glaciers formed the land by grinding away virtually all traces of the older Günz and Mindel glaciation, by depositing base moraines and terminal moraines of different retraction phases and loess deposits, and by the pro-glacial rivers' shifting and redepositing gravels.
The Pinedale (central Rocky Mountains) or Fraser (Cordilleran Ice Sheet) glaciation was the last of the major glaciations to appear in the Rocky Mountains in the United States.
The Pinedale lasted from approximately 30,000 to 10,000 years ago and was at its greatest extent between 23,500 and 21,000 years ago.
This glaciation was somewhat distinct from the main Wisconsin glaciation as it was only loosely related to the giant ice sheets and was instead composed of mountain glaciers, merging into the Cordilleran Ice Sheet.
The Cordilleran Ice Sheet produced features such as glacial Lake Missoula, which would break free from its ice dam causing the massive Missoula Floods.
USGS geologists estimate that the cycle of flooding and reformation of the lake lasted an average of 55 years and that the floods occurred approximately 40 times over the 2,000 year period between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago.
At the height of glaciation the Bering land bridge potentially permitted migration of mammals, including people, to North America from Siberia.
At the height of the Wisconsin Episode glaciation, ice covered most of Canada, the Upper Midwest, and New England, as well as parts of Montana and Washington.
On Kelleys Island in Lake Erie or in New York's Central Park, the grooves left by these glaciers can be easily observed.
In southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta a suture zone between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets formed the Cypress Hills, which is the northernmost point in North America that remained south of the continental ice sheets.
When the enormous mass of the continental ice sheet retreated, the Great Lakes began gradually moving south due to isostatic rebound of the north shore.
Niagara Falls is also a product of the glaciation, as is the course of the Ohio River, which largely supplanted the prior Teays River.
With the assistance of several very broad glacial lakes, it released floods through the gorge of the Upper Mississippi River, which in turn was formed during an earlier glacial period.
In its retreat, the Wisconsin Episode glaciation left terminal moraines that form Long Island, Block Island, Cape Cod, Nomans Land, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Sable Island, and the Oak Ridges Moraine in south central Ontario, Canada.
In the Sierra Nevada, there are three named stages of glacial maxima (sometimes incorrectly called ice ages) separated by warmer periods.
According to ice core data, the Greenland climate was dry during the last glacial period, precipitation reaching perhaps only 20% of today's value.
The glaciated area in the Cordillera de Mérida was approximately ; this included the following high areas from southwest to northeast: Páramo de Tamá, Páramo Batallón, Páramo Los Conejos, Páramo Piedras Blancas, and Teta de Niquitao.
Approximately of the total glaciated area was in the Sierra Nevada de Mérida, and of that amount, the largest concentration, , was in the areas of Pico Bolívar, Pico Humboldt [], and Pico Bonpland [].
During the last glacial maximum the Patagonian Ice Sheet extended over the Andes from about 35°S to Tierra del Fuego at 55°S.
Cryogenic features like ice wedges, patterned ground, pingos, rock glaciers, palsas, soil cryoturbation, solifluction deposits developed in unglaciated extra-Andean Patagonia during the Last Glaciation.
The colonies, the first of which was found in a rotting log, may contain as many as 10,000 workers, winged males and several wingless queens (the majority of ant species feature winged queens).
The workers use venom to stun their prey which are brought back to the colony for the larvae to feed upon.
The colour of the winged males, a darker orange than the workers, suggests they disperse by flying to other colonies before mating.
Freaks (released with the subtitle Ten Stories About Power, Claustrophobia, Suffocation and Holding Hands) is the second studio album by English rock band Pulp, released on 11 May 1987 by Fire Records.
This re-release took several delays as the first stated release date was 8 August 2011 while the albums finally came out on 13 February 2012.
An announcement in the interim stated that the albums would be remastered with new bonus tracks to be added to the track listings as well as new artwork and liner notes from music journalist Everett True.
Charfield is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, south-west of Wotton-under-Edge near the Little Avon River and the villages of Falfield and Cromhall.
Charfield is a medium-sized village of about 2,500 residents with three pubs, the Pear Tree, Railway Tavern and The Plough Inn, a convenience store with Post Office and two churches.
Two new housing developments were built in 2018-2019: St James Mews, opposite St James Church, and Charfield Village, at the eastern end of the village near the Renishaw PLC site.
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny.
The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic.
The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, such as the Memorial Hall and playing field and playground, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning.
The costs of re-opening would be shared between Gloucestershire and South Gloucestershire Councils since, although the station would be in South Gloucestershire, the nearby Gloucestershire town of Wotton-under-Edge would be a principal beneficiary.
The railway line marks the division of the village between two different telephone areas (01453-54x based on Wotton-under-Edge, and 01454-26x based on Falfield).
The Leeds to Bristol LMS night mail train crashed under a road bridge near Charfield railway station, killing 15 and injuring 23.
William Somerset married (2nd) before 1567 Theophila Newton, daughter of John Newton (otherwise Cradock), Knt., of East Harptree, Somerset, by Margaret, daughter of Anthony Poyntz, Knt.
A portrait of Countess Theophila by an unknown artist of that date is mentioned by Ashelford, Visual History of Costume (1983): 72.
William Somerset died at his house Hackney on 21 February 1589 and was buried in the Church of St Cadoc, Raglan, Monmouthshire.
Sir Alfred Rupert Neale Cross (15 June 1912 in Chelsea, London – 12 September 1980, Oxford) was a prominent English lawyer and academic.
Worcester College for the Blind provided his education before he went to Worcester College, Oxford in 1930 where he took a Second in Modern History in 1933.
'[H]ad he not been overstanding for honours he would have obtained a First in BCL, which he took in 1937', according to H.L.A.
On the retirement of Harold Hanbury, Cross was elected Vinerian Professor of English Law in the University of Oxford, a position he held from 1964 to 1979.
As an undergraduate Cross represented Oxford University four times (1931–34) on the top board in the prestigious annual Varsity chess match against Cambridge University.
He played several times in the top section of the British Chess Championship in the 1930s (for which only an elite group of twelve players qualified).
He was a Prize Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge and became in succession a Judge of the Chancery Division, a Lord Justice of Appeal, and a Lord Appeal in Ordinary.
This book has been sufficiently well regarded that two posthumous editions have been produced, under the editorship of John Bell and George Engle.
The fianchetto is less common in Open Games (1.e4 e5), but the is sometimes fianchettoed by Black in the Ruy Lopez or by White in an uncommon variation of the Vienna Game.
Exchanging the fianchettoed bishop should not be done lightly, therefore, especially if the enemy bishop of the same colour is still on the board.
The adjacent diagram shows three different sorts of fianchetti (not as part of an actual game, but as separate examples that have been collapsed into a single chessboard).
White's king bishop is in a regular fianchetto, with the knight pawn advanced one square and the bishop occupying the long diagonal.
This is by far the most common type of fianchetto, seen in the Sicilian Dragon, Pirc Defence, Modern Defence, Modern Benoni, Grünfeld Defence and King's Indian Defence, among other openings.
If White plays the King's Indian Attack 1.Nf3 2.g3, Black may play a long queen's fianchetto to oppose White's bishop and make it more difficult for White to play a c4 .
A long fianchetto on the kingside is more rarely played, because it weakens the pawn shield in front of the castled position and controls a less important square.
If Black moves his e-pawn, White can play Bxf8, after which Black will have to waste on artificial castling after recapturing with his king.
Black often plays ...Ba6 in the French Defence, and the Queen's Indian Defence if White plays g3 in order to fianchetto his own bishop (Aron Nimzowitsch's move against the classical main line).
Released in stages (tech preview and beta) to a participating community, Terragen 2 was released to pre-purchasers on 2 April 2009.
Planetside Software released the first public version of Terragen 2 after more than three years of development of both the core technologies and the program itself.
Since then there have been several released updates to both licenses of the software along the development cycle with a series of technology previews and a beta release.
Terragen Classic is popular among amateur artists, which can be attributed to it being freeware, its intuitive interface, and its capability to create photorealistic landscapes when used skillfully.
A commercial version of the software is also available and is capable of creating larger terrains, renders with higher image resolution, larger terrain files, and better post-render anti-aliasing than the freeware version.
Recorded in 1989, it was belatedly released in 1992 by the independent record label Fire, having already been released in France in 1991 on Rosebud Records.
The songs on the second half of the album range between electronic synthpop and experimental acid house styles, while the first half contains songs more typical of Pulp's late 80s music.
This re-release took several delays as the first stated release date was 8 August 2011 while the albums finally came out on 13 February 2012.
An announcement in the interim stated that the albums would be remastered with new bonus tracks to be added to the track listings as well as new artwork and liner notes from music journalist Everett True.
Chipping Sodbury is a market town in the unitary authority of South Gloucestershire, south-west England, founded in the 12th century by William Crassus (or le Gros).
At the 2001 census the population of Chipping Sodbury was 5,066, but in the last decade the town has become part of a much larger built-up area due to the rapid expansion of nearby Yate, with which it is contiguous to the west.
East of the town is the Chipping Sodbury Tunnel, a railway tunnel under the Cotswolds 2 miles 924 yards (4.06 km) long, which was opened by the Great Western Railway in 1902.
The tunnel is notorious for flooding in wet weather, often leading to disruption of services on the main railway line to and from South Wales.
The event starts with school choirs performing in the street, followed by the arrival of Father Christmas with snow guaranteed (from a blower).
The streets are lined with stalls from local charities and organisations and old time amusements, including a Ferris wheel, Helter Skelter and two children's rides.
The town is served by a community radio station, GLOSS FM which broadcasts 365 days a year on its webcasts and twice a year on 87.7 MHz FM.
Chipping Sodbury School, the secondary school, caters for children aged 11 to 18 and describes itself as a 'Specialist Technology School'.
As social conditions slowly changed and stabilised fortifications were able to be reduced, and over the centuries gave way to comfort.
It became fashionable and possible for homes to be beautiful rather than grim and forbidding allowing for the development of the modern mansion.
In Europe, from the 15th century onwards, a combination of politics and advancements in modern weaponry negated the need for the aristocracy to live in fortified castles.
Due to intermarriage and primogeniture inheritance amongst the aristocracy, it became common for one noble to often own several country houses.
These would be visited rotationally throughout the year as their owner pursued the social and sporting circuit from country home to country home.
As the 16th century progressed, and Renaissance styles of architecture slowly spread across Europe, the last vestiges of castle architecture and life changed; the central points of these great house, great halls, became redundant as owners wished to live separately from their servants, and no longer ate with them in a Great Hall.
All evidence and odours of cooking and staff were banished from the principal parts of the house into distant wings, while the owners began to live in airy rooms, above the ground floor, with privacy from their servants, who were now confined, unless required, to their specifically delegated areas—often the ground and uppermost attic floors.
It was vital for powerful people and families to keep in social contact with each other as they were the primary moulders of society.
The rounds of visits and entertainments were an essential part of the societal process, as painted in the novels of Jane Austen.
Until World War I it was not unusual for a moderately sized mansion in England such as Cliveden to have an indoor staff of 20 and an outside staff of the same size, and in ducal mansions such as Chatsworth House the numbers could be far higher.
In the great houses of Italy, the number of retainers was often even greater than in England; whole families plus extended relations would often inhabit warrens of rooms in basements and attics.
These new builders of mansions did not confine themselves to just the then-fashionable Gothic tastes in architecture, but also experimented with 19th-century versions of older Renaissance and Tudoresque styles; The Breakers in Rhode Island is a fine example of American Renaissance revivalism.
During the 19th century, like the major thoroughfares of all important cities, Fifth Avenue in New York City, was lined with mansions.
Many of these were designed by the leading architects of the day, often in European gothic styles, and were built by families who were making their fortunes, and thus achieving their social aspirations.
However, nearly all of these have now been demolished, thus depriving New York of a boulevard to rival, in the architectural sense, those in Paris, London or Rome—where the many large mansions and palazzi built or remodeled during this era still survive.
One of the most spectacular estates of the U.S., Whitemarsh Hall, was demolished in 1980, along with its extensive gardens, to make way for suburban developments.
Grand Federal Style mansions designed by Samuel McIntire inhabit an area that, in 2012, is the largest collection of 17th- and 18th-century structures in the United States of America.
He and his brothers, Joseph and Angler, began their careers as housewrights and carpenters while in their teens but, early on, Samuel's work caught the eye of Salem's pre-eminent merchant, Elias Hasket Derby.
Over the next quarter century, McIntire built or remodelled a number of homes for Derby and members of his extended family.
McIntire also worked occasionally on Derby's vessels, and wasn't averse to fixing a wagon or building a birdhouse if his patron so desired.
He also built, on elegant Chestnut Street, a function hall (named for Alexander Hamilton) and church for the town's merchant class.
After 1793, Samuel McIntire worked exclusively in the architectural style developed by Robert Adam in Great Britain and brought to America by the great Boston architect, Charles Bulfinch.
The delicate Adamesque style, which emphasized decorative elements and ornamentation, was tailor made for McIntire whose unerring sense of design and proportion was exceeded only by his skill as a woodcarver.
Carved swags, rosettes, garlands, and his signature sheaths of wheat dominate wood surfaces in McIntire homes built between 1793 and his death in 1811.
Even in Europe some 19th-century mansions were often built as replicas of older houses, the Château de Ferrières in France was inspired by Mentmore Towers which in turn is a copy of Wollaton Hall.
Other mansions were built in the new and innovative styles of the new era such as the arts and crafts style: The Breakers is a pastiche of an Italian Renaissance Palazzo; Waddesdon Manor in Buckinghamshire is a faithful mixture of various French châteaux.
One of the most enduring and most frequently copied styles for a mansion is the palladian – particularly so in the 18th century.
The most bizarre example of this was probably Fonthill Abbey which actually set out to imitate the mansions which had truly evolved from medieval gothic abbeys following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century.
These new mansions were often built as the week-end retreats of businessmen who commuted to their offices by the new railways, which enabled them to leave the city more easily.
In Latin America, the grand rural estate, the Hacienda, Estancia, in Portuguese speaking Brazil Fazenda or Estância, with the mansion as its stately center, is a characteristic feature.
Whereas until the second half of the 19th century, Portugal and Spain as the colonial (or former colonial) powers were the eminent models for architecture and upper-class lifestyle, towards the end of the 19th century they were sometimes replaced by then more dominant powers like France or England.
Mansions built during the 20th and 21st centuries usually have specially designed rooms meant to accommodate leisure activities of a particular kind.
At the beginning of the 20th century, no true mansion would have been built without a room to house a private library or study, while at the beginning of the 21st century the presence of a room designed for a home theater or cinema is normal.
A modern mansion today may not necessarily be limited to a single house standing alone, but like Roman Emperor Nero's Domus Aurea, mansions may be compounds or a grouping of larger houses.
In general, whether a house can be called a mansion is contextual—in Manhattan or many cities a house would certainly be described as such, but a similar-sized house in the Atlanta suburbs probably would not.
Calling a dwelling a mansion indicates a level of grandeur and consumption considerably greater than the norm in that location, with the additional connotation of quality, and correlates highly with the housing patterns of the upper class.
In professional wrestling, a gimmick generally refers to a wrestler's in-ring persona, character, behaviour, attire and/or other distinguishing traits while performing which are usually artificially created in order to draw fan interest.
Gimmicks can be designed to work as good guys (babyfaces) or villains (heels) depending on the wrestler's desire to be popular or hated by the crowd.
A wrestler may portray more than one gimmick over their career depending on the angle or the wrestling promotion that they are working for at that time.
Promotions will use gimmicks on more than one person, albeit at different times, occasionally taking advantage of a masked character which allows for the identity of the wrestler in question to be concealed.
Occasionally, a wrestler uses a gimmick as a tribute to another worker; such is the case of Ric Flair's Nature Boy persona which he took on as an homage to the original Nature Boy, Buddy Rogers.
Gimmicks are annually rated for the Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards by the publication's owner, professional wrestling journalists, and various industry insiders, such as Dave Meltzer, promoters, agents and performers, other journalists, historians, and fans.
During the late 19th century-early 20th century, when wrestler Frank Gotch rose to prominence, the focus became on contests largely legitimate (see catch wrestling), which largely resulted in the abandoning previous character gimmicks.
It was not until the First Golden Age of Professional Wrestling in the United States during the 1940s–1950s, when Gorgeous George created pro wrestling's first major gimmick.
Such showmanship was unheard of for the time; and consequently, arena crowds grew in size as fans turned out to ridicule George.
Gorgeous George's impact and legacy on wrestling gimmicks was enormous, demonstrating how fast television changed the product from athletics to performance.
Gimmick matches were a rarity, midget wrestling failed to catch on, while women were banned by the Greater London Council until the late 1970s.
During the Second Golden Age of pro wrestling in the 1980s–1990s a rise of cartoonish, outlandish gimmicks became popular with the increase of World Wrestling Federation's popularity.
The WWF contributed to the explosion of gimmicks by becoming the most colorful and well-known wrestling brand because of its child-oriented characters, soap opera dramatics and cartoon-like personas.
In recent years, the emphasis has been on more realistic gimmicks that portray the wrestler as an actual person, sometimes using their real names, albeit with exaggerated personality traits.
Exaggerating the characteristics of a wrestler's (on occasion fabricated) origin is one of the most commonly exploited gimmicks, in which overarching characteristics of a character play up to clichés and stereotypes.
The undeniable influence of the Puroresu style in the world of Professional Wrestling has resulted in many wrestlers using fabricated Japanese origins or being billed from a Japanese city, without actually being natives of the country.
Several Japanese wrestlers who wrestle outside of their home country are known to play up or exaggerate aspects of their cultural heritage as part of their gimmicks for an overseas audience.
A specific masked gimmick may be used by more than one wrestler at a wrestling company's request since their identity can be permanently concealed.
Other wrestlers that have used masks in their performances include: Mexican-Americans Rey Misterio and Kalisto, Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame inductee Big Van Vader, Bryan Danielson during his masked American Dragon phase, Japanese legend Jyushin Thunder Liger and British wrestler El Ligero.
A high number of wrestlers who start their careers in another sport incorporate their athletic abilities as part of their act.
That is the case for Olympic medallist Kurt Angle, who previously competed in freestyle wrestling and alludes to it in his attire and wrestling style.
In the women's division, Ric Flair's daughter Charlotte has a gymnastics and volleyball background, Dana Brooke was a gymnast for 18 years and is a well known fitness competitor whilst Naomi was a cheerleader and dancer for NBA team Orlando Magic.
Most famously in this category is The Undertaker, considered one of the most respected wrestlers in the business, whose gimmick is a horror-themed character of an undead, macabre and paranormal dark presence prone to scare tactics.
He was managed by the ghostly character that was Paul Bearer and tagged with his half-brother Kane in The Brothers of Destruction stable.
Other wrestlers displaying supposed supernatural powers include Matt Hardy (as his Broken/Woken persona), Bray Wyatt, Mordecai, Papa Shango, and The Boogeyman.
Notable examples of these kind include Swede Tor Johnson, who weighed 181 kilograms, Big Show (7 ft 2 in), André the Giant (7 ft 4in), The Great Khali (7 ft 3 in), Gorilla Monsoon (182 kg), Awesome Kong (123 kg) and Big Boss Man (6 ft 6 in).
Whilst humor has long been present in Professional Wrestling matches and many wrestlers incorporate elements of comedy in their act, full-on comedic gimmicks are not commonly seen.
These are sometimes reserved for wrestlers who not always have the stereotypical physique required in the industry and instead exploit their entertainment abilities.
Wrestlers who fall under this category are Scottish comedian and actor Grado, Doink The Clown which was majorly portrayed by Matt Osborne until 2013, Ring of Honor's Colt Cabana, Santino Marella, Japanese Wrestlers Stalker Ichikawa, Gran Naniwa and Kuishinbo Kamen, Charlie Haas during his impersonations run, and WWE's 1990s turkey character Gobbledy Gooker.
Damien Sandow also falls under this category due to his 'stunt double' gimmick in late 2014 where he copied whatever his on-screen mentor The Miz did, due to the latter using a gimmick of an arrogant movie star.
Wrestlers that followed on with this trend include Bobby Roode, Ravishing Rick Rude, Rick Martel, TNA's Mr Pec-tacular, Curt Hennig's Mr Perfect, NXT's Tyler Breeze and women's tag team The Beautiful People.
Macintosh Programmer's Workshop or MPW, is a software development environment for the Classic Mac OS operating system, written by Apple Computer.
For Macintosh developers, it was one of the primary tools for building applications for System 7.x and Mac OS 8.x and 9.x.
Initially MPW was available for purchase as part of Apple's professional developers program, but Apple made it a free download after it was superseded by CodeWarrior.
MPW provided a command line environment and tools, including 68k and PowerPC assemblers as well as Pascal, C and C++ compilers.
In addition, command line tools were commonly provided with a somewhat standardized graphical interface named Commando that provided limited access to the command line capabilities of the program.
The debuggers were not integrated into MPW like most IDEs of today but the language compilers supported the symbolic debugging information file format used by the debugger.
Apple's compilers had some features that were not common on other platforms—for example, the Pascal compiler was object-oriented, while the C and C++ compilers included support for length-prefixed strings (needed for Pascal-oriented APIs).
MPW was always targeted to a professional audience and was seldom used by hobbyist developers due to the considerable price for the package; by the time it was made freeware it had long since been superseded by offerings from Symantec and Metrowerks, as well as Apple's own development tools inherited from NeXT and distributed for free with OS X.
It was also occasionally available as a wrapper environment for third-party compilers, a practice used by both Metrowerks and Absoft among others.
Apple has officially discontinued further development of MPW and the last version of OS X to run it is 10.4 'Tiger', the last one to support the Classic environment.
Apple maintained a web site and mailing lists that supported the software long after its discontinuation, but that site now redirects to the Xcode page.
This redirection of output required significant patching out of the file system calls so that tools need not do anything special to inherit this feature: the MPW Shell did all of the work.
The MPW Shell command language was based on the Unix csh language, but was extended to support the main features of the Macintosh GUI.
For instance, the classic Mac OS had nothing comparable to Unix fork(), so MPW tools were effectively called as subroutines of the shell; only one could be running at any one time, and tools could not themselves run other tools.
The user may type anything anywhere in the window, including commands, which can be executed via the keyboard's Enter key; command output appears at the insertion point.
Unlike an xterm window, an MPW worksheet is always in visual editing mode and can be freely reorganized by its user.
Hence a worksheet can be purely a command script or purely a text document or a mixture of the two—an integrated document describing the history, maintenance procedures and test results of a software project.
More significantly, since the limitations of the shell precluded the make program from running tools itself, it had to work by composing a script of compile/link actions to be run, then delivering that to the shell for execution.
While this was good enough most of the time, it precluded makefiles that could make on-the-fly decisions based on the results of a previous action.
Apple's Larry Tesler worked with Niklaus Wirth to come up with Object Pascal extensions which Ken Doyle incorporated in one of the last versions of the Lisa Pascal compiler.
The list, and the lists.apple.com server that hosted it, was planned to be shut down January 17, 2014, a decision that was later reversed.
MPW can still be used to develop for Mac OS X, but support is limited to Carbon applications for PowerPC-based computers.
To develop Mac OS X applications based on other technologies, one must use either Xcode or another OS X-compatible development environment.
MPW also included a version control system called Projector; this has been superseded by modern version control systems and is no longer supported in Mac OS X.
His 'n' Hers is the fourth studio album by English rock band Pulp, released on 18 April 1994 by Island Records.
It proved to be the band's breakthrough album, reaching number nine on the UK Albums Chart, and was nominated for the 1994 Mercury Music Prize.
Victor Garber was thrice nominated for an Emmy Award for his portrayal of Jack, and fans voted the relationship between Sydney and Jack the best non-romantic relationship on the show in the 2005 AllAlias.com Fans' Choice Awards.
Jack Bristow, a longtime agent of the CIA and former double officer with SD-6, is often emotionally distant and can be among the show's coldest and most brutal characters.
He is highly protective of her and is willing to do anything - torture, kill, even betray his country - to ensure her well-being.
Prior to the events of the series, Jack fathered Sydney with Irina Derevko, a long-term KGB spy who married Jack to get close to the CIA, specifically to steal the details of Project Christmas, which Jack was developing for the Agency.
Jack and Arvin became friends after they got to know each other in the early seventies, when both started their careers at the CIA.
When Jack was finally cleared, he began drinking heavily and became more of an absentee father, leaving Sydney to be raised by nannies.
About ten years later, Jack was recruited into SD-6 by Sloane when the Alliance of Twelve was founded, and was one of the few agents who knew the truth behind the cell.
He was also Director of Operations at SD-6, and many in the Alliance believed he was a logical choice to take Sloane's place.
Jack reacted negatively to Sydney's telling him that she had gotten a job at Credit Dauphine, the front company for SD-6.
Jack later revealed to Sydney that he had recognized her potential, but wanted to keep her away from this life, away from making the choices that he had to and eventually she had to as an agent.
Sydney's recruitment into SD-6 also ended Jack's friendship with Sloane, although, because of the clandestine nature of Jack's work as a double-agent at SD-6, he couldn't reveal that to Sloane until years after.
Several years later when Sydney herself becomes a double agent for the real CIA, she discovers that her father has long been in the same position and they learn to work together to bring down SD-6.
When Irina Derevko makes her reappearance in Season 2, Jack must also deal with his unresolved feelings of love and bitterness towards her while continuing to perform his job at SD-6 and the CIA.
Sydney initially believed that this programming had taken away her choices in life, but in Season 3 discovers that it had, in fact, protected her autonomy and made her immune to brainwashing by the Covenant.
During Sydney's two year disappearance between Seasons 2 and 3, Jack was again taken into custody, held in solitary confinement for a year because of his working with unsanctioned sources (including Irina) to learn the truth behind Sydney's apparent death.
During Season 3, Jack acts as a far more supportive father-figure to Sydney, in response to her depression and emotional isolation during that season.
Even though he did it because Irina had hired a hit man to kill Sydney, his action causes yet another rift to form between Jack and his daughter, a rift aggravated when both agents are recruited by Sloane into the new CIA black ops agency, Authorized Personnel Only (APO).
He initially keeps his condition a secret from his APO colleagues except for Marshall (who figures it out and confronts Jack, although Marshall later revealed it to Sydney).
Not accepting this prognosis, Jack begins a painful regimen of blood filtering treatments in order to delay the inevitable, and appeared to be experiencing memory loss related to medication; he is also puzzled by the appearance of a mysterious implant in his hand, which his doctor said was designed to regulate the anti-radiation medication.
Jack's doctor and indeed his entire treatment regimen turn out to be hallucinations, and that Jack, his mind affected by the radiation, had been injecting himself with a poison.
Sydney impersonates Irina to get Jack to reveal the doctor's whereabouts; the man is located and begins a genuine treatment regimen for Jack.
During the impersonation, Sydney learned that her father had planned to leave the CIA in order to be a better parent to her and would have done so if her mother had not been revealed as a KGB agent.
Jack learns near the end of the fourth season that he had not in fact killed Irina, but had shot a genetically engineered impostor.
He subsequently reunited with Irina, who chastised him for being so quick to rush to judgment about her, yet also said that she understood why he had acted to protect Sydney.
Following Irina's help in foiling the end game of her sister Elena, Jack decides to let Irina go rather than return her to federal prison.
In the absence of Michael Vaughn, the child's father, Jack attends doctor's visits with Sydney and helps her to assemble a crib for his grandchild's nursery.
However, he is distracted by the presence of Arvin Sloane within APO, a presence he (as the new director of the black ops unit) has authorized; Sloane's behavior appears dishonest, and although Sloane has admitted some of his lies, Jack remains on his guard.
In the final episode, Jack, Vaughn (recently returned from hiding) and Sydney mount an assault on Rambaldi's tomb in Mongolia where Sloane is in the process of activating The Horizon.
Critically wounded, Jack is taken outside and insists that Sydney leave him and go to Hong Kong in order to stop the final player in Rambaldi's endgame - Irina - and his daughter reluctantly obeys.
Later, he somehow obtains a belt of explosives and struggles back into the tomb, where Sloane, who has apparently become immortal, has been revived.
The episode ends with a flash forward in which Sydney and Vaughn, several years in the future, have named their second child Jack in his honor.
In 1494 he followed the king in war for the Kingdom of Naples, taking part in the latter city's capture in 1495, as well as in the battle of Fornovo (1498) against the Italian League, which allowed the French army to retreat in their homeland.
After Charles' death, La Palice accompanied the new King, Louis XII, in the campaign for Milan, which the French captured in 1499.
La Palice took part in the siege of Treviglio and in the victorious battle of Agnadello; he was then made commander-in-chief of the French troops in Lombardy and, sent to help Emperor Maximilian I, he took part against the Venetians in the unsuccessful siege of Padua in 1509.
In 1511, after Charles d'Amboise's death, La Palice became the French overall commander in Italy and was made Grand Master of France.
He took part in the battle of Ravenna (1512), in which de Foix died, being succeeded by La Palice himself as French commander-in-chief.
Returning to France, he was sent to the Pyrenees to rescue John III of Navarre, but soon he was diverted to Thérouanne, then the last French possession in the Artois, to counter the English troops.
La Palice was dismissed, and retired to his lands, where, in 1514, he married to Marie de Melun, who gave him four children.
Louis's successor, Francis I, gave him back the title of Grand Master, adding that of Marshal of France on 2 January 1515.
La Palice, under the command of Marshal Aubigny, took part to the invasion of Piedmont, the capture of Villafranca against Prospero Colonna and was one of Francis' lieutenants at the battle of Marignano.
La Palice was sent at Calais as negotiator of the peace with Charles V. As the participants did not reach an agreement, he returned to Italy as military leader under Marshal Lautrec, commanding the French main line at the battle of Bicocca (1522), in which he was defeated by Colonna.
La Palice was sent again to the Pyrenees, and then to the successful attempt to rescue Marseille from Duke of Bourbon's siege.
On 28 October 1524, at the side of his King, La Palice begun the siege of Pavia, defended by Antonio de Leyva.
A large Bronze Age hoard was found near Meldreth railway station in the nineteenth century that is now in the collections of the British Museum.
Due to its proximity to Cambridge, much of the land has at some time been owned by colleges of the University of Cambridge.
In 1952, the Royal Train carrying King George VI's body passed through the station on its journey from Sandringham to London.
The parish church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity since 1443, consists of a chancel, aisled nave with south porch, and a west tower housing eight bells.
The chancel is unusually long and dates from the 12th century, perhaps indicating the existence of an earlier minster on the site.
Orchards still exist in Meldreth, and locally grown fruits and vegetables are sold in the village, most notably the Meldreth greengage.
In 2001, local celebrations marked the 150th anniversary of Meldreth railway station, which serves the residents of Meldreth and the neighbouring village of Melbourn.
Only one public house is still open; The British Queen has been open since the first half of the 19th century.
The first recorded pub in the village was The Bell (also known as The Old Bell or The Blue Bell Inn) which was housed in a thatched building that was built in 1676 and first recorded as a public house in 1726.
Other former pubs include The Chequer, recorded in 1785 but believed to have closed soon after, and The Green Man which stood next to the brewery at North End and was open from 1808 till the late 19th century.
A stone marker was erected near the western end of Fenny Lane, and unveiled in December 1999 by the Astronomer Royal, Sir Martin Rees.
The city has a population of 72,162 per the (Greater Villa María: 119,000), which makes it the third largest city in the province.
The city lies 137 km southeast from the provincial capital, on the left bank of the Tercero River, near the geographical center of Argentina, at the intersection of National Routes 9 and 158, and right next to the Cordoba-Buenos Aires Highway, one of the nation's most important communication arteries.
The Battle class were a class of destroyers of the British Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN), named after naval or other battles fought by British or English forces.
A modified second and third group, together with two ships of an extended design were planned for the 1943 and 1944 estimates.
Most of these ships were cancelled when it became apparent that the war was being won and the ships would not be required, although two ships of the third group, ordered for the RAN, were not cancelled and were subsequently completed in Australia.
The first years of World War II had shown that British destroyers were ill-equipped to deal with concentrated air attacks, and the Royal Navy suffered heavy losses as a result.
In 1941 urgent consideration of the problem led to a naval staff requirement for a new class of large fleet destroyer with High Angle (HA) twin guns and an HA control system.
It was decided that this main armament would be set forward in a superfiring configuration for all guns to engage one target.
The proposed anti-aircraft (AA) armament were eight 40/60 mm guns in twin mountings set atop the middle and after deck houses to give all around, overlapping arcs of fire.
With these parameters accepted, a sketch design was approved in the autumn of 1941 and orders for sixteen ships (two flotillas) were placed under the 1942 programme.
Considerably larger than the standard fleet destroyer, these ships were seen as a replacement for the which had already suffered many losses.
With a length of they were two feet longer than the Tribals and with a beam of were just over three feet wider.
It was decided to abandon the usual alphabetical naming of destroyer flotillas and name these ships after famous land and sea battles, thus these ships became known as the 1942 Battle class.
The placing of orders did not stop design work but by this time plans were too far advanced for big changes to be considered, although some design changes were made to the armament.
One change, incorporated with protection against air-attack in mind, was the decision to standardise on the 4.5-inch gun for the main armament rather than the low angle 4.7 inch that was the usual destroyer gun and only effective against surface targets.
The four 4.5 inch guns, fitted in two Mk IV turrets, were capable of high angle fire against aircraft and were controlled from a Director Control Tower (DCT) fitted with radar.
It was also decided that the twin 40/60 mm guns would be fitted on Hazemeyer Mark IV mountings fitted with Radar Type 282.
These would be mounted side by side on the middle gundeck between the torpedo tubes and en-echelon atop the after deckhouse.
Due to delays in completion, the plans for 20 mm guns were altered and eventually four single 40/60 mm guns in Mk VII mountings were fitted, one forward of the bridge structure behind 'B' gun, one on either bridge wing and one aft on the quarterdeck.
In all other ships the gun was replaced by two single 40/60 mm Mk VII giving a total of 14 Bofors, the heaviest light AA armament of any British destroyer and heavier than that carried in many cruisers.
Delays in completion of these ships was caused, as in other classes, by the late delivery of the Mk VI DCTs and fire control systems.
The Hazemeyer's Radar Type 282 was metric and operated through a pair of Yagi antennae and could therefore only supply target range.
A further refinement saw the removal of the depth charge equipment and single 40/60 mm Bofors gun from the quarterdeck, to be replaced by a Squid ahead throwing depth charge mortar.
Most had the fire control system updated and new ASDIC fitted and those that still had the quarterdeck AA gun had it replaced by the Squid A/S mortar.
She was given a new, plated foremast to carry the parabolic aerial of a Plessey AWS 1 long range search radar.
Her AA armament now consisted of four single 40/60 mm guns and a quadruple Sea Cat missile launcher on the after end of a new deckhouse which stretched from just aft of the funnel to the quarterdeck.
During a later refit carried out by the Russians, her main gunnery radar and control systems were again modernised, although she retained her original guns and the Sea Cat system was replaced by a modern Russian surface-to-air missile system.
On paying off in 1962, a volunteer towing crew from her last commission took her to Rosyth, where she went into reserve.
Here she was used as the training ship for Artificer Apprentices from who kept her engines and machinery in full working order.
She was eventually replaced by the frigate in 1972 and she too headed for the breakers yard at Cairn Ryan, the last of the Royal Navy's 1942 Battle class destroyers.
Even after the orders for the earlier, 1942 Battle class had been placed much discussion was still taking place within the naval staff about the final design.
Many reasons were given for this, but the most logical seems to have been preventing a single hit from disabling both guns.
An argument was put forward in some quarters that these ships were underarmed for their size, and there was a call for a third turret to be mounted aft.
Modern naval architects feel this is unfair as the role of destroyers had changed since the admiral commanded a destroyer at the battle of Jutland.
The original role of the destroyers was torpedo attack on enemy ships, but their role in the late 1940s was to protect the fleet (and themselves) from aircraft and submarines.
Until 1936 all destroyers were laid out with three boiler rooms, as the naval staff considered this the minimum requirement for battle damage survivability.
In 1936 the head of the destroyer section of the Constructors Department came up with a radical new design for the J class.
It also called for a two-boiler layout with both boilers fitted back to back, allowing them to vent up a single large funnel.
In order to find a solution to these criticisms, it was originally planned that 32 ships (four flotillas) of an improved design would be built under the 1943 and 1944 Naval Estimates and that there would be changes in both armament and layout in the later ships.
They were to be fitted with the American Type 37 DCT which was now becoming available and which would be equipped with the British Radar Type 275 fire control set and Medium Range System (MRS) 9 fire control system.
In an attempt to counter the criticisms that the ships were underarmed for their size, and were incapable of engaging a target right aft, a single 4.5 inch gun on a standard Mk V mounting would be positioned on the original 4 inch gun deck abaft the funnel.
In the event, these guns failed to provide a solution as they were restricted to firing on either beam because the midship positioning meant their arc of fire was fouled by the ships fore and aft superstructure.
V on the middle deckhouse controlled by an STD mounted on top of the gun crew shelter, and a single mounting Mk.
All ships would be fitted with a Squid Anti-submarine mortar on the quarterdeck and ten 21-inch torpedo tubes in two quintuple mountings.
The first eight ships were to be fitted with two twin 4.5-inch guns forward in the new RP41 Mk VI turrets.
These turrets offered improved ammunition handling and a faster rate of fire due to their semi-automatic breech action and it was thought that this was sufficient to preclude the fitting of the single gun amidships.
The AA armament was increased in these ships as the weight saved by dispensing with the single 4.5-inch gun amidships meant that a third twin STAAG could be fitted together with five single 40/60 mm guns giving a total of eleven light AA guns.
Since the inception of the J class the boilers had been concentrated together, an arrangement which allowed a reduced hull length, however plans drawn up for the smaller Weapon class showed that this reduction was, in fact, minimal, so a decision was made to employ a unit arrangement for the propulsion machinery in these ships, based on the same lines as proposed for the Weapon class.
Although all of the ships were laid down between late 1943 and mid 1945 they, like previous members of the class, were plagued by delays in the provision of equipment.
As a result, few had been launched by the end of hostilities and it became obvious that not all of them would be required.
This policy was adopted with other classes of ship, notably cruisers and carriers, some of which were completed up to fourteen years after the end of the war.
Although consideration was given to completing these vessels in 1950, it was never done and they were all scrapped between 1957 and 1961.
The original order was for sixteen ships, but construction was a long drawn out affair and eventually the Admiralty cancelled eight of the ships.
As early as 1944 it had been suggested that the 1943 Battle class could be fitted with a long range early warning radar fitted to a mast amidships, albeit at the expense of some of the torpedo tubes and AA armament.
The idea was not taken up at the time but in the early post war years a need was identified for a Fast Air Detection Escort (FADE).
These ships would accompany the fleet and detect, identify and track potential targets and direct friendly aircraft to engage them, a role known as Aircraft Direction (A/D).
A new frigate, the Type 61, was designed to carry out this role, however, it became clear that with a top speed of only these ships would not be able to keep up with a carrier group.
In 1955 a decision was made to convert four Battle class ships to Fast Air Detection Escorts, although the work was not started until 1959.
The base of this mast straddled the entire width of the ship and was surmounted by a large 4 ton Type 965 AKE-2 double bedstead aerial, with a Type 293Q mounted on a platform below.
All torpedo tubes and light AA armament were removed and a large deckhouse containing generators and radar offices was built abaft the funnel.
Each escort squadron comprised a mix of ships of varying type in order to provide an increased capability within each group.
On returning home she began a refit at Rosyth in September 1965 and on completion in 1967 went into operational reserve at Portsmouth where she remained until put on the disposal list in 1972.
In 1974 she was towed from Portsmouth to Sunderland for breaking but was then towed to Blyth and broken up in 1975.
The short life of these ships after their conversion was due to changes in defence policy made by the Labour Government which came to power in 1964.
The decision to run down the carrier fleet, together with the withdrawal of British forces from the Far East, reduced the need for fast air direction ships.
Moreover, the general purpose frigates then being built, such as the Leander class, were fitted with Type 965 radar and modern operations rooms, so they could replace the converted 'Battles' in most circumstances.
She was stripped of all armament and the forecastle deck was extended right to the stern to provide increased space to accommodate scientists and trials equipment, plus a large Sick Bay.
She was fitted with a second funnel for the exhausting of fumes from the extra generators required to power the sonar equipment.
A new after deckhouse, which ran from the after funnel to the quarterdeck was fitted with a helicopter landing deck on the top.
Her trials period lasted for five years, with a major deployment to the United States in 1976, working with US Navy submarines, much of the work of this vessel remains classified.
The original building programme for the 1943 ships included provision for the later ships, the third flotilla, to be armed with the new 4.5-inch Mark VI turret.
Although these ships were cancelled by the Admiralty two ships of this type had been ordered by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in Australia in 1945.
Neither of these ships were cancelled and both ships were laid down in 1946, although, like the building programme in Britain, progress was slow.
The first of the two ships, , was not completed by HMA Dockyard at Williamstown until 1950, and sister ship , built at Cockatoo Island Dockyard in Sydney, was not completed until the following year.
The only difference between these ships and those planned for the Royal Navy was a distinctive funnel cowl fitted to both ships.
Although music influences political movements and rituals, it is not clear how or to what extent general audiences relate to music on a political level.
Music can express anti-establishment or protest themes, including anti-war songs, but pro-establishment ideas are also represented, for example, in national anthems, patriotic songs, and political campaigns.
However, there may be barriers to the transmission of such messages; even overtly political songs are often shaped by and reference their contemporary political context, making an understanding of the history and events that inspired the music necessary in order to fully comprehend the message.
Thus a distinction has been made, for example, between the use of music as a tool for raising awareness, and music as advocacy.
Furthermore, some forms of music may be deemed political by cultural association, irrespective of political content, as evidenced by the way Western pop/rock bands such as The Beatles were censored by the State in the Eastern Bloc in the 1960s and 1970s, while being embraced by younger people as symbolic of social change.
This points to the possibilities for discrepancy between the political intentions of musicians (if any), and reception of their music by wider society.
Conversely, there is the possibility of the meaning of deliberate political content being missed by its intended audience, reasons for which could include obscurity or delivery of message, or audience indifference or antipathy.
Recent research has also suggested that in many schools around the world, including in modern democratic nations, music education has sometimes been used for the ideological purpose of instilling patriotism in children, and that particularly during wartime patriotic singing can escalate to inspire destructive jingoism.
During the early part of the 20th century, poor working conditions and class struggle lead to the growth of the Labour movement and numerous songs advocating social and political reform.
Later, from the 1940s through the 1960s, groups like the Almanac Singers and The Weavers were influential in reviving this type of socio-political music.
Many topical songwriters with social and political messages emerged from the folk music revival of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Judy Collins, Arlo Guthrie, and others.
Folk songs of this time gained popularity by using old hymns and songs but adapting the lyrics to fit the current social and political conditions.
Archivists and artists such as Alan Lomax, Lead Belly and Woody Guthrie were crucial in popularising folk music, and the latter began to be known as the Lomax singers.
This was an era of folk music in which some artists and their songs expressed clear political messages with the intention of swaying public opinion and recruiting support.
In the UK, Ewan MacColl and A. L. Lloyd performed similar roles, with Lloyd as folklorist and MacColl (often with Peggy Seeger) releasing dozens of albums which blended traditional songs with newer political material influenced by their Communist activism.
In the later, post-war revival, folk music found a new audience with college students, partly since universities provided the organisation necessary for sustaining music trends and an expanded, impressionable audience looking to rebel against the older generation.
Nevertheless, the rhetoric of the United States government during the Cold War era was very powerful and in some ways overpowered the message of folk artists, such as in relation to public opinion regarding Communist-backed political causes.
Various Gallup Polls that were conducted during this time suggest that Americans consistently saw Communism as a threat; for example, a 1954 poll shows that at the time 51% of Americans said that admitted Communists should be arrested, and in relation to music 64% of respondents said that if a radio singer is an admitted Communist he should be fired.
Leading figures in the American folk revival such as Seeger, Earl Robinson and Irwin Silber were or had been members of the Communist Party, while others such as Guthrie (who had written a column for CPUSA magazine New Masses), Lee Hays and Paul Robeson were considered fellow travellers.
As McCarthyism began to dominate the United States population and government, it was more difficult for folk artists to travel and perform since folk was pushed out of mainstream music.
Artists were blacklisted, denounced by politicians and the media, and in the case of the 1949 Peekskill Riots, subject to mob attack.
However, during the popular folk revival's last phase in the early 1960s, new folk artists such as Bob Dylan and Phil Ochs began writing their own, original topical music, as opposed to mainly adapting traditional folksong.
Written by Communist Lewis Allan, and also recorded by Josh White and Nina Simone, it addressed Southern racism, specifically the lynching of African-Americans, and was performed as a protest song in New York venues, including Madison Square Gardens.
Paul Robeson, singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights activist, was investigated by the FBI and was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) for his outspoken political views.
In a symbolic act of defiance against the travel ban, labour unions in the U.S. and Canada organised a concert at the International Peace Arch on the border between Washington state and the Canadian province of British Columbia on May 18, 1952.
Robeson stood on the back of a flat bed truck on the U.S. side of the border and performed a concert for a crowd on the Canadian side, variously estimated at between 20,000 and 40,000 people.
He returned to perform a second concert at the Peace Arch in 1953, and over the next two years two further concerts were scheduled.
Disco, contrary to popular opinion, originated in Black queer communities and offered these communities a form of salvation or safe haven from social turmoil during the 1970s, in the Bronx and other parts of New York.
The spirit of the 60s as well as the experience of Vietnam and black/gay liberation spurred the almost-frenzied energy pertinent in these discotheques.
Not only did discos allow marginalized individuals an opportunity to express their sexuality and appreciate one another's diversity, they had the ability to influence popular music.
Although once mutually exclusive, discotheques allowed for the coming together of black music and pop; this shows how disco music not only led to a social appreciation for diversity, but offered a platform on which Black artists could succeed.
This not only allowed for the roots of such a diverse movement to be lost, but the erasure of the liberation and escapism it offered many minorities.
Although public attention shifted to rock music from the mid 1960s, folk singers such as Joan Baez and Tom Paxton continued to address political concerns in their music and activism.
They were joined by other activist musicians such as Holly Near, Ray Korona, Charlie King, Anne Feeney, Jim Page, Utah Phillips and more recently David Rovics.
In the UK, the Ewan MacColl tradition of political folk has been continued since the 1960s by singer-songwriters such as Roy Bailey, Leon Rosselson and Dick Gaughan.
Since the 1980s, a number of artists have blended folk protest with influences from punk and elsewhere to produce topical and political songs for a modern independent rock music audience, including Billy Bragg, Attila the Stockbroker, Robb Johnson, Alistair Hulett, The Men They Couldn't Hang, TV Smith, Chumbawamba and more recently Chris T-T and Grace Petrie.
Hungary, for instance, experimented with a form of liberal Communism in the late Cold War era, which was reflected in much of their folk music.
During the late twentieth century folk music was crucial in Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia as it allowed ethnicities to express their national identity in a time of political uncertainty and chaos.
An example of folk music being used for conservative, rather than radical, political ends is shown by the cultural activities of Edward Lansdale, a CIA chief who dedicated part of his career to counter-insurgency in the Philippines and Vietnam.
In 1953 he arranged for the release of a campaign song widely credited with helping to elect Philippine president Ramon Magsaysay, an important US anti-communist ally.
In 1965, intrigued by local Vietnamese customs and traditions, and the potential use of 'applied folklore' as a technique of raising consciousness, he began to record and curate tapes of folk songs for intelligence purposes.
Many rock artists, as varied as Roger Waters, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Bruce Springsteen, Little Steven, Rage Against the Machine, Radiohead, Manic Street Preachers, Megadeth, Enter Shikari, Architects (British band), Muse, System of a Down and Sonic Boom Six have had openly political messages in their music.
The use of political lyrics and the taking of political stances by rock musicians can be traced back to the 1960s counterculture, specifically the influence of the early career of Bob Dylan, itself shaped by the politicised folk revival.
Dylan was influenced by the folk revival, as well as by the Beat writers, and the political beliefs of the young generation of the era.
In turn, while Dylan's political phase comes under the 'folk' category, he was known as a rock artist from 1965 and remained associated with an anti-establishment stance that influenced other musicians – such as the British Invasion bands – and the rock music audience, by broadening the spectrum of subjects that could be addressed in popular song.
MC5 was the only band to perform a set before the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago, as part of the Yippies' Festival of Life where an infamous riot subsequently broke out between police and students protesting the recent assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Vietnam War.
Other rock groups that conveyed specific political messages in the late 1960s/early 1970s – often in regard to the Vietnam War – include The Fugs, Country Joe and the Fish, Jefferson Airplane, Creedence Clearwater Revival, and Third World War, while some bands, such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and Hawkwind, referenced political issues occasionally and in a more observational than engaged way, e.g.
Notable punk rock bands, such as Crass, Conflict, Sex Pistols, The Clash, Dead Kennedys, Black Flag, Refused, American Standards, Discharge, MDC, Aus-Rotten, Anti-Flag, and Leftöver Crack have used political and sometimes controversial lyrics that attack the establishment, sexism, capitalism, racism, speciesism, colonialism, and other phenomena they see as sources of social problems.
The sincerity of the early punk bands has been questioned – some critics saw their referencing of revolutionary politics as a provocative pose rather than an ideology – but bands such as Crass and Dead Kennedys later emerged who held strong anarchist views, and over time this association strengthened, as they went on to influence other bands in the UK anarcho-punk and US hardcore subgenres, respectively.
The following year, the release of debut Crass album The Feeding Of the 5000 was initially obstructed when pressing plant workers refused to produce it due to sacrilegious lyrical content.
Crass later faced court charges of obscenity related to their Penis Envy album, as the Dead Kennedys later did over their Frankenchrist album artwork.
The Clash are regarded as pioneers of political punk, and were seen to represent a progressive, socialistic worldview compared to the apparently anti-social or nihilistic attack of many early punk bands.
Partly inspired by 1960s protest music such as the MC5, their stance influenced other first and second wave punk/new wave bands such as The Jam, The Ruts, Stiff Little Fingers, Angelic Upstarts, TRB and Newtown Neurotics, and inspired a lyrical focus on subjects such as racial tension, unemployment, class resentment, urban alienation and police violence, as well as imperialism.
Partially credited with aligning punk and reggae, The Clash's anti-racism helped to cement punk's anti-fascist politics, and they famously headlined the first joint Rock Against Racism (RAR)/Anti Nazi League (ANL) carnival in Hackney, London, in April 1978.
The RAR/ANL campaign is credited with helping to destroy the UK as a credible political force, aided by the support received from punk and reggae bands.
Many punk musicians, such as Vic Bondi (Articles of Faith), Joey Keithley (DOA), Tim McIlrath (Rise Against), The Crucifucks, Bad Religion, The Proletariat, Against All Authority, Dropkick Murphys and Crashdog have held and expressed left-wing views.
An extremely small minority of punk rock bands, exemplified by (1980s-era) Skrewdriver and Skullhead, have held far-right and anti-communist stances, and were consequently reviled in the broader, largely Leftist punk subculture.
Rock the Vote is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit, non-partisan organization founded in Los Angeles in 1990 by Jeff Ayeroff for the purposes of political advocacy.
Rock the Vote works to engage youth in the political process by incorporating the entertainment community and youth culture into its activities.
During Donald Trump's presidential campaign, Kanye West took the opportunity to support the Republican candidate by urging his fans to vote for Trump.
The song, a conversation between the two rappers, became popular not for its musical touch, but because of the courage West and T.I.
Reggae of the 1970s and the 1980s in Jamaica, is one great example of influential and powerful interaction between music and politics.
In 1978 Bob Marley’s One Love Peace Concert brought Prime Minister Michael Manley and the opposition leader Edward Seaga together (who are leaders that embraced two previously notorious rival gang leaders, Bucky Marshall and Claude Massop).
The content of the music changed into a response showing the complex dynamic of the community, especially the black community, while also acting a sometimes contradictory protest of how the disaster was handled in the aftermath.
This topic even reached beyond the locality of New Orleans, as the issue of the disaster and racism was mentioned by other rappers from other regions of the country.
These songs, aside from being catchy and uplifting, discusses serious issues in a lighthearted and simplified manner allowing people to understand while also commonly being influenced by the current political climate such as the violent attacks on the Bataclan Theater in Paris and the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando.
Although musicologists point out that many, if not most early cultures had songs to promote themselves and denigrate any perceived enemies, the origins of Racist music is traced to the 1970s.
By 2001 there were many music genres with 'white power rock' the most commonly represented band type, followed by National Socialist black metal.
'Racist country music' is mainly an American phenomena while Germany, Great Britain, and Sweden have higher concentration of white power bands.
Through this song, Underwood expresses the idea that the best way to close this divide and strengthen what she sees to be a broken world is through unity, loving each other, and working together in times of crisis.
African American country rapper Cowboy Troy, the stage name of Troy Lee Coleman III, incorporates real-life problems into his music, calling for societal change.
Although race is a rare topic to get portrayed by country music, some country artists have made an effort to approach this theme with their songs.
Like any other genre of music, country music opens up a door to talk about topics like family issues, love, politics, or racial reconciliation in this case.
In the period 1933–45 the music of Gustav Mahler, a Jewish Austrian, virtually disappeared from the concert performances of the Berlin Philharmonic.
The album was a critical and commercial success, entering the UK Albums Chart at number one and winning the 1996 Mercury Music Prize.
It has been certified four times platinum, and had sold over 1.3 million copies in the United Kingdom as of 2018.
The inspiration for the title came to frontman Jarvis Cocker in Smashing, a club night that ran during the early 1990s in Eve's Club on Regent Street in London.
Cocker liked the double meaning, with its allusions to the British social class system, which was a theme of some of the songs on the album.
In all standard copies thereafter these 12 individual covers made up the CD booklet, with the wedding photograph used as the actual cover.
Apart from the bride and groom, the photograph features the parents of both the bride and the groom, O'Connor's two brothers, his two best friends and his wife's best friend.
O'Connor also told Hawkins that he and his family had no further contact with the photographer after the day of the wedding, and had no idea that the photographs would be used for the album cover until his mother saw a poster advertising the album in an HMV record store.
Pulp's record company at the time did not pay the family for the use of their picture, but when Pulp reformed in 2011 Rough Trade paid for the family members to see Pulp play live.
Pulp don't stray from their signature formula at all – it's still grandly theatrical, synth-spiked pop with new wave and disco flourishes, but they have mastered it here.
Not only are the melodies and hooks significantly catchier and more immediate, the music explores more territory ... Jarvis Cocker's lyrics take two themes, sex and social class, and explore a number of different avenues in bitingly clever ways.
Released in 1995 at the height of the Britpop era, it is often considered an album which best defines Britpop and has featured at the top of polls of best Britpop albums.
The album was certified 4x platinum in the UK and has sold 1.3 million copies as of September 2018, one tenth of which was sold in its first week.
The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone, which has only three carbon atoms, and it is the only one with no optical activity.
All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an aldol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test.
The test relies on the dehydration reaction which occurs more quickly in ketoses, so that while aldoses react slowly, producing a light pink color, ketoses react more quickly and strongly to produce a dark red color.
The accompanying music video portrayed Madonna as a woman walking in a hotel hallway, looking distressed and tired from work, until being seduced into having sex with a mysterious man and woman.
The song was part of the setlist of three of her concert tours, the most recent being The MDNA Tour in 2012.
Chavez was not credited for the song and later sued Kravitz in 1992: she received an out-of-court settlement, and gained a co-writing credit for her work.
When the lawsuit was settled, Chavez's attorney Steven E. Kurtz clarified that Madonna's additional writing credit was not questioned in the lawsuit.
According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, the song is set in common time, with a tempo of 100 beats per minute.
The remix uses only the chorus and certain lines of the original song, with the verses being replaced by passages from the Book of Revelation.
In Norway, the song entered the chart at number seven and peaked at number three for one week, staying on the chart for nine weeks.
The song entered the French Singles Chart at number 42, and peaked at number 17, staying on the chart for 11 weeks.
Some of the doors to the other rooms are ajar and we catch glimpses of various couples cavorting in BDSM fetish outfits (leather, PVC T-shirts, latex underwear, and corsets).
In a dream-like sequence, Madonna rolls around in bed wearing skimpy lace underwear and a garter belt and stockings while various figures come and go.
The entire nudity (which led to the video being banned) occurs when a topless dominatrix-type woman, played by model Wallis Franken—suspenders partly covering her breasts—appears and roughly grabs a bound man (the same man who is with Madonna) by the hair.
The theme of androgyny is also briefly alluded to when a woman who closely resembles Madonna's lover is seen in men's clothing with a drawn-on pencil mustache.
She also expressed during the interview that she did not understand why MTV banned the video yet allowed videos that contained violence and degradation to women to continue receiving regular airplay.
In 2002, the video was aired in its entirety on MTV2 as part of a special countdown showing the most controversial videos ever to air on MTV.
At the time of its release, the video peaked at #2 on the Billboard's Top Music Videos Chart for two weeks and spent 39 weeks in the chart overall.
The black-and-white backdrop video, directed by Tom Munro, features Madonna being chased by people in carnival masks and locks herself in a room to indulge into her fantasies, while the masked followers search for her.
The video is said to be a metaphor for everybody trying to take advantage of her, judge her or exploit her private life, and the interlude is her expression of escaping the judgement.
As a result of all the controversy, the single was released as a video-single and went on to become the highest selling video single of all time, eventually becoming certified four-times platinum by the RIAA.
Arvin Sloane is the cold, calculating leader of SD-6, directing its operations against the U.S. government under the guise of being a secret organization within the government itself.
It is revealed through the course of the series that Sloane speaks Spanish, French, Japanese, Nepali, Mandarin, and Russian and reads Homeric Greek.
Early in his marriage Sloane was with the CIA, attached to the US Army Corps of Engineers, which is where he first encountered the works of Milo Rambaldi.
It's stated in the series that Michael Vaughn's father kidnapped Nadia for her own safety when she was a young girl, and he was killed by Irina in 1979.
Sydney is age 6 when Irina fakes her death in late 1981, which means that Nadia must have been born in 1982.
Some time after that, Sloane and a number of other CIA agents broke from the agency to attach themselves to the Alliance of Twelve.
When Sydney was 19 and a freshman in college, Sloane recruited her to join SD-6, convincing her that she was joining the CIA.
As a condition of Sloane's being promoted to a full member of the Alliance he was ordered to kill his wife.
Unable to bring himself to do this, Sloane set up an elaborate ruse, including the amputation of Emily's finger, to convince the Alliance that she was dead.
Concurrent with his engineering the downfall of The Alliance and SD-6, Sloane went underground, allying with Julian Sark and continuing his obsessive pursuit of Rambaldi artifacts.
Emily collaborated secretly with the CIA to expose her husband's new crimes and consented to helping them capture Sloane by wearing a hidden wire but was coaxed by Sloane, during this operation, swaying Emily from her cooperation with the CIA, thus allowing them to foil the CIA's original task.
They attempted to flee together, with cover fire from Julian Sark and the help of Sydney's mother, Irina Derevko, (who was stealing a Rambaldi book) to Sloan's awaiting helicopter, but Emily was accidentally shot in the shoulder by the bullet meant for her husband and killed by Marcus Dixon, a former SD-6 agent now with the CIA.
In retaliation, Sloane later arranged for Dixon's death by having a bomb placed in his vehicle one night while he and his wife, Diane, were having dinner with Sydney & Vaughn.
At the last minute, Dixon had turned around and was coming back to tell Sydney something, sparing him from seeing the actual explosion.
Between seasons 2 and 3 (the two-year gap where Sydney went missing), Sloane turned himself in to the U.S. government and, in exchange for a full pardon, utilized all of his knowledge to help bring down various terrorist organizations.
Sloane then moved to Zurich, Switzerland, setting up a humanitarian organization called Omnifam and apparently becoming a philanthropist, claiming that his research into Rambaldi's secrets led him to one word: peace.
Sloane still occasionally worked for the CIA by utilizing his contacts with the Covenant and other organizations, but his motives still elicited suspicion within the government, and particularly from Sydney, who never forgave him for authorizing the murder of her fiancé during the SD-6 days.
Sloane determined that The Passenger was his daughter with Irina Derevko, a woman named Nadia Santos who was an agent with Argentine intelligence.
Nadia generates a complex algebraic equation that translates into a longitude and latitude for another Rambaldi artifact, The Sphere of Life.
Sloane and Nadia briefly teamed up to recover the Sphere, but Nadia left her father when it appeared his Rambaldi obsession had become madness; she returned to Argentina.
Sloane is subsequently pardoned again and is recruited by the CIA to head up a new black ops division patterned after SD-6, called Authorized Personnel Only (APO).
Sloane's first task was to hand-pick the agents he wanted to serve in the APO, choosing Sydney, Jack, Dixon and Vaughn.
Under orders by CIA superiors to keep close tabs on Sloane, the three agents have on several occasions sparked false alarms as to Sloane's loyalty.
Meanwhile, Sloane and Jack have been following an agenda of their own, that appears to be related to the surviving sisters of Irina Derevko.
Toward the conclusion of the fourth season, Sloane confesses that through his work with Omnifam, he has seeded water supplies around the world with chemical contaminants designed to make humanity more peaceful.
He abandons his post as APO director, apparently to join Elena Derevko's scheme to destroy civilization using the contaminated water in conjunction with the Mueller device.
In reality, Sloane is infiltrating Elena's organization in order to stop her endgame but Dixon is seriously wounded when trying to stop Sloane.
During the final mission to stop Elena, Sloane aids APO, but in doing so is forced to shoot Nadia (who has been transformed by the chemical contaminants into a killing machine and is strangling Sydney).
As the season ends, Sloane is imprisoned by the CIA, but receives an unexpected visit from Sydney, who tells him she believes his motives were good as she arranges for him to visit with his daughter.
Dean arranges for Sloane to be released from federal custody, opening the door for Sloane to be reinstated with APO (albeit at a lower rank), which will allow Sloane to search for a cure for Nadia's condition.
This arrangement is short-lived as Sloane ultimately refuses to jeopardize the safety of Sydney or the others any longer, and he betrays Dean.
Dean is captured by APO, but Sloane soon finds himself becoming beholden to another (as yet unexplained) element of Prophet Five, who holds the key to curing Nadia.
Once again, Sloane is forced to act as a mole within APO on behalf of Prophet Five, with a vague promise of a cure for Nadia.
When he attempts to use his new contact to locate Sydney after she is kidnapped, he is asked to make a choice between saving Sydney and saving Nadia.
This tension between his love for Nadia and his fixation upon Rambaldi comes to a head when Nadia demands that he choose between her and Page 47.
When Nadia casts Page 47 into the fireplace, Sloane's obsession takes hold and he throws her out of the way to save it, accidentally killing her when she falls through a glass table.
Following Nadia's death, Sloane realizes that his faith in Rambaldi was all he ever truly had, making the betrayal of his loved ones inevitable.
Sloane subsequently is haunted by an apparition of Nadia, who states she is only appearing because Sloane wants her to be there.
Sloane realized that once his expertise with Rambaldi was no longer necessary to Prophet Five, he would be 'removed' from their services permanently.
To this end he convinced Julian Sark and Kelly Peyton to betray Prophet Five and ally with him, having Peyton execute all leaders of Prophet Five and having Sark eliminate APO with high explosives (killing Thomas Grace).
Sloane finally set about achieving his endgame, kidnapping Marshall Flinkman and Rachel Gibson to force them to hack into a satellite network to locate a cavern where he could utilize another Rambaldi artifact, an amulet, to uncover further details towards the fruition of his ultimate goal.
Finally, Sloane's endgame was achieved in Mongolia, in the Tomb of Rambaldi, where Sloane used The Horizon to create a strange hovering sphere from which a reddish liquid drained.
However before the purpose of this sphere could be revealed, Sydney intervened, removing The Horizon from its setting and causing the sphere to dissipate.
As Sloane's body collapsed, he fell into a vat of the strange liquid created by The Horizon which imbued with him special gifts, apparently the ultimate revelation of Rambaldi, immortality.
Sloane is currently trapped under large rocks in the tomb, several hundred feet underground and alone but he is alive and seemingly immortal.
According to Arvin, it was a risky pregnancy and the baby had fought hard to stay with them, but in the end it was overwhelming and her heart was not strong enough.
1 in the UK Albums Chart, and was well received critically, earning Pulp a third successive nomination for the 1998 Mercury Prize.
The cover photo was art directed by Peter Saville and the American painter John Currin who is known for his figurative paintings of exaggerated female forms.
The model photographed is Ksenia Sobchak and the images were further digitally manipulated by Howard Wakefield who also designed the album.
McMansion may either refer to oversized and cheaply built houses developed at once in a subdivision, or refer to a dwelling that replaces a smaller house, in a neighborhood of smaller houses, which seems far too large for its lot (such a McMansion may lack side windows due to the proximity to the boundaries - another McMansion-related cliché.
One real-estate writer explains the successful formula for McMansions: symmetrical structures on clear-cut lots with Palladian windows centered over the main entry, and brick or stone enhancing the driveway entrance, plus multiple chimneys, dormers, pilasters, and columns - and inside, the master suite with dressing rooms and bath-spa, great rooms, breakfast and dining rooms, showplace kitchen, and extra high and wide garages for multiple cars and SUVs.
Typical attributes also include a floor area of over , ceilings 9 to 10 feet (3 m) high, a two-story portico, a two-story front door hall usually with a large chandelier, a three or more car garage, usually five or more bedrooms and many bathrooms, extensive crown-moulding style features, and lavish - if superficial - interior features.
As noted above, a McMansion replacing a house in a community of smaller-sized houses will cover a much larger portion of the lot than the construction it replaces; in the other usage, McMansions are built en masse in homogeneous communities by a single developer.
Beginning in California in the 1980s, the larger home concept was intended to fill a gap between the more modest suburban tract housing and the upscale custom houses found in gated, waterfront, or golf course communities.
The larger houses proved popular and demand increased dramatically, particularly in light of new land-management laws that were enacted in the 1980s and '90s.
Efforts to economize may have led to a decline in quality for many of these new houses, prompting the coinage of the disparaging term.
In a development that runs counter to the previous boom in construction of McMansions, a 2009 report suggested that the Great Recession (2008–2012) has caused new house sizes in the United States to stabilize.
Throughout the 2010s, as the McMansion style started to fall out of favor, a style of single-family homes dubbed McModerns began to permeate urban neighborhoods of North America.
Most of these communities are usually well-established, being inhabited by traditional blue-blood families, and the real estate prices tend to be high but stable.
By contrast, the McMansion larger house is typically constructed on the outskirts of the city, often further out from the city center than suburban tract housing.
McMansions are often found on land that is zoned as (or recently re-zoned from) agricultural instead of residential, and often outside of the city proper limits, as both of these result in lower property taxes.
These areas may be in demand by buyers who desire a bigger house than the tract house, but do not have the means to afford houses in the city's traditional upscale neighborhoods.
Due to this demographic, which is more susceptible to boom and bust economic cycles, prices are volatile and often fueled by speculation.
Another reason why McMansions are generally found in outlying suburban areas is that lot sizes in older neighborhoods usually are not conducive to residences of this large scale.
McMansions are usually constructed among other large houses by a subdivider on speculation; they generally are built en-masse by a development company to be marketed as premium real estate, but do not offer custom features.
The construction of what seems to be too large a house on an existing lot will often draw the ire of neighbors and other local residents.
McMansions often mix a bewildering variety of architectural styles and elements, combining quoins, steeply sloped roofs, multiple roof lines, complicated massing and pronounced dormers, all producing what some consider an unpleasant jumbled appearance.
Because priority has been given to the interior, a house's exterior appearance suffers, with oddly placed windows and an amorphous or bloated quality.
From the perspective of a housebuilder who owns a lot, luxury houses of or more are more profitable than smaller houses.
As of 2014 32% of the new houses being built were or more, and the average size of new construction had increased to over .
The widespread disdain for the McMansion stems from perceptions that these houses look and feel inappropriate for a given neighborhood, waste land (suburban sprawl, too much room for too few people) and resources (building materials, utilities, long commutes), project the pretentiousness (or lack of taste or refinement) of their owners, and a general discordance in architectural preferences.
McMansions have received extensive criticism in Australia because they do not blend in with the archetypal Australian house (generally single story red brick or bungalows) and because they use render materials that give an ugly, over the top, and exaggerated appearance.
We Love Life is the seventh and final studio album by English rock band Pulp, released on 22 October 2001 by Island Records.
The minimal cover art (by Peter Saville) shows a set of initial capitals held in the collection of St. Bride Printing Library in London.
Nektaspida (also called Naraoiida, Nectaspia and Nectaspida) is an extinct order of soft-bodied arthropods proposed by Raymond in 1920; its taxonomic status is uncertain.
Whittington described it in 1985 with the spelling Nektaspida; the revised 1997 Treatise by Raymond and Fortey uses this spelling, as do other modern works.
Marcus Dwayne Dixon (born September 16, 1984) is an American football coach and a former defensive end who was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2008.
Dixon is also known for a 2003 court case in which, whilst still at high school, he was convicted of statutory rape and aggravated child molestation.
Dixon was a grade A student at Pepperell High School and excelled on the football field to the point where he had been offered a full scholarship at Vanderbilt University, which he was unable to undertake due to his subsequent imprisonment.
At Hampton, Dixon played at defensive end and defensive tackle, and was on the all Mid-Eastern Athletic (MEAC) conference team during his junior and senior seasons.
She has stated that contrary to Dixon's supporters' belief she was never Dixon's girlfriend and although they shared classes, they barely knew each other.
The jury acquitted Dixon of rape, battery, assault and false imprisonment but because Brown was only 15 and Dixon 18 at the time of the incident found him guilty of statutory rape and aggravated child molestation.
The Georgia Supreme Court overturned Dixon's conviction for child molestation and he was released the same day, on May 3, 2004.
L Brands, Inc. (formerly known as Limited Brands, Inc. and The Limited, Inc.) is an American fashion retailer based in Columbus, Ohio.
L Brands posted $12.63 billion in revenue in 2017, and was listed as 231 on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of largest United States companies by revenue.
After spending over 20 years working for Lazarus, in 1951, she and her husband Harry Wexner opened a women's clothing store named Leslie's (after their son) on State Street.
In 1963, he borrowed $5,000 from his aunt and $5,000 from the bank and opened a store at the Kingsdale Shopping Center in Upper Arlington, Ohio.
The original board consisted of only the three family members and longtime friend Jim Waldron, who served as Senior Vice President.
Bella Wexner served as secretary until her death in 2001, Harry as chairman (he served until his death in 1975), and Leslie, CEO from inception, who later succeeded his father as the chairman.
In 1977, The Limited moved into its main headquarters on Morse Road in Columbus, from which L Brands still operates today.
In 1985, the exclusive Henri Bendel store on Fifth Avenue in New York City was purchased for $10 million and 798 Lerner stores for $297 million.
In 1996, The Limited ended its ownership of the A&F brand, when it was spun off into a publicly traded company.
Later in 1998, several Bath & Body Works stores were converted to The White Barn Candle Company stores to begin a home fragrance brand.
On August 3, 2007, Limited Brands sold 75% ownership of its flagship Limited chain to buyout firm Sun Capital Partners, Inc.
The Limited announced on its website that all The Limited stores in the United States had officially closed their doors on January 7, 2017.
The web retail operation of The Limited stores, thelimited.com, was announced to continue to be open for business and ship nationwide.
Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe, (30 January 1785 – 5 September 1846), known as Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt between 1822 and 1845, was a British colonial administrator.
Metcalfe was born on 30 January 1785 in Lecture House, Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, India, the second son of Thomas Metcalfe, then a major in the Bengal Army, who first went to India in 1767 as a cadet in the King's Army, afterwards became a Baronet, MP, and Director of the British East India Company (1789–1812), and was created a baronet on 21 December 1802.
Thomas Metcalfe married Susannah Selina Sophia, Lady Metcalfe (1756–1815) in Calcutta in 1782, who was the daughter of a merchant, John Debonnaire, trading at Fort St. George, who subsequently settled at the Cape of Good Hope.
The sister died on the voyage but Susannah married Major John Smith of the Bengal Establishment in Madras on 24 August 1776.
After his death she married Major Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe in Calcutta in 1782, and the couple returned to England in 1785.
His younger brother, Sir Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, 4th Baronet (1795–1853) was an agent of the Governor General of India to the Mughal court.
At the age of nineteen, Metcalfe was appointed political assistant to General Lake, who was then conducting the final campaign of the Second Anglo-Maratha War against Yashwantrao Holkar.
In 1808 he was selected by Lord Minto for the responsible post of envoy to the court of Ranjit Singh at Lahore; here, on 25 April 1809, he concluded the important treaty securing the independence of the Sikh states between the Sutlej and the Jumna.
His first tenure as Resident at Delhi began on 25 February 1811 for the East India Company, (from 1813 for British Government), and in 1819 he received from Lord Hastings the appointment of secretary in the secret and political department.
From 1820 to 1825 Sir Charles (who succeeded his brother in the baronetcy in 1822) was resident at the court of the Nizam, and afterwards was summoned in an emergency to his former post at Delhi.
On 14 November 1834 he was posted as Governor of the Presidency of Agra where he served for over four months till 20 March 1835.
In 1827 he obtained a seat in the supreme council, and in March 1835, after he had acted as the first governor of the proposed new presidency of Agra, he provisionally succeeded Lord William Bentinck as the Governor General of Bengal (1835–36).
During his brief tenure of office (it lasted for only one year) he carried out several important measures, including that for the liberation of the press, which, while almost universally popular, complicated his relations with the directors at home to such an extent that he resigned the service of the Company in 1838.
In 1839 he was appointed by the Second Melbourne ministry to the governorship of Jamaica, where the difficulties created by the recent passing of the Negro Emancipation Act had called for a high degree of tact and ability.
Metcalfe's success in this delicate position was very marked, but unfortunately his health compelled his resignation and return to England in 1842.
Six months afterwards he was appointed by the Peel ministry to the post of Governor General of the Province of Canada and Lieutenant Governor of Canada West and Canada East from 1843–1845 with instructions to resist further development of responsible government.
Despite suffering from worsening cancer, he fought to preserve the prerogatives of the Crown and the governor's control over the administration and patronage.
He nonetheless had to make some concessions to win support, and the most notable of these was persuading the Colonial Office to grant amnesty to the rebels of 1837-38, and to abandon forced anglicization of the French-speaking population.
Metcalfe's success in Canada carrying out the policy of the home government was rewarded with a peerage shortly after his return to England, with the title Baron Metcalfe, of Fern Hill in the County of Berkshire in 1845.
But his success did not endure and responsible government would be conceded by his successor James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin.
His residence was however at Fernhill Park in Winkfield, near Windsor and it was in the parish church there that he was buried.
A graduate diploma (GradD, GDip, GrDip, GradDip) is generally a qualification taken after completion of a first degree, although the level of study varies in different countries from being at the same level as the final year of a bachelor's degree to being at a level between a master's degree and a doctorate.
In some countries the graduate diploma and postgraduate diploma are synonymous, while in others (particularly where the graduate diploma is at undergraduate degree level) the postgraduate diploma is a higher qualification.
The graduate diploma is normally taken following a bachelor's degree, and some master's degree programs have graduate diploma as a nested (interim) award.
This qualification is at the same level as the post graduate diploma qualifications awarded in New Zealand institutions and Australian graduate diplomas should not be confused with New Zealand graduate diplomas as they belong to two different qualification levels.
is different from a postgraduate diploma, which is a course of study at postgraduate level (e.g., Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Psychology etc.
In the UK, a graduate diploma is a short course, with a value of 80–120 UK credits (equivalent to 40–60 ECTS credits), that is normally studied by students who have already graduated in another field.
Graduate diplomas are distinguished from graduate certificates by having a longer period of study, equivalent to two thirds of an academic year or more.
Until the 1990s, the British conservatoires of music offered three year undergraduate courses to some of their students, leading the award of the Graduate Diploma, e.g.
When a number of conservatoires became affiliated to or constituent colleges of universities, the graduate diplomas were gradually replaced by the award of the BMus degree to all successful students.
Historically, this has not always been the case, with postgraduate diploma and graduate diploma used interchangeably, but the Quality Assurance Agency now makes a clear distinction between these titles.
In 2018, the Royal College of Art launched a new Graduate Diploma in Art and Design programme aimed at preparing graduate students for its master's degree programmes in Art and Design.
The graduate diploma or higher diploma in the Republic of Ireland is an award at the same level as an honours bachelor's degree.
It comprises one year of full-time study and is taken after, and in a different subject from, an earlier bachelor's degree.
The graduate diploma (GradDip) is offered by the Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin City University, HETAC and the University of Limerick.
Certain institutes provide master's level programs with increased number lower credit courses for 2 years, such courses are also called postgraduate diploma.
The graduate diploma is an academic or vocational qualification; as an academic qualification it is often taken after a bachelor's degree although sometimes only a foundation degree is required.
It is also possible for academic graduate diploma holders to progress to a master's degree on an accelerated pathway compared to first embarking on a 3- or 4-year degree program.
To ensure that the graduate diploma qualification is recognised, the awarding body must be registered with the Singapore Ministry of Education.
The National University of Singapore requires study at master's level, but the graduate diplomas at the Singapore University of Social Sciences are UK (i.e.
bachelor's-level) graduate diplomas awarded by the University of London and similarly the Ngee Ann - Adelaide Education Centre offers Australian graduate diplomas (i.e.
The WSQ Graduate Diploma is the highest qualification in Singapore's vocational Workforce Skills Qualifications framework, administered by the Singapore Workforce Development Agency.
The second form is the Graduate Diploma within the adult further education system, which is worth 60 ECTS credits and is taught part-time.
Programs are normally split into Part 1 (graduate certificate) and Part 2 (graduate diploma), each being 60 ECTS Credits (one year of full-time-equivalent study).
In terms of level, the Post graduate Diploma (Arabic: دبلوم عالي ) is comparable to a 1-year WO master's degree in a similar specialization in the Netherlands.
Importantly, the degree may equivalent to BSc, or three-years undergraduate degree, students with Higher Diploma may take additional academic courses (two full-time semesters) in order to get bachelor's degree, as clearly stated in the law of higher education in Libya.
Recently, the government has issued a law in which the institutes of higher education will change into Colleges of Higher Education and to change the degree that given by them to bachelor's degree, in order to meet the world standards.
In the UK, the higher diploma is a level 2 qualification on the Regulated Qualifications Framework, following the recently introduced 14- to 19-year-old Diploma system for the UK, which follows two levels, lower tier (Level 1) and higher tier (Level 2).
To proceed to A-Levels in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales; you have to have completed a specified amount of qualifications at-least equivalent to A*-C GCSE (Level 2).
The Diploma of Higher Education program usually consists of four major subjects: Maths, English, ICT, and a subject you want to study more in-depth.
The award is at the same level as an Associate Degree or Diploma/Advanced Diploma Qualifications Framework Level 4, but below the standard of a Bachelor's Degree.
The higher diploma is currently available in universities in Ireland and has been awarded since June 2005; the standard of the award is broadly similar to the graduate diploma, and replaces reorientation-type courses.
The Higher Diploma is an award equivalent to fourth or third year of bachelor's degree, it's a one-year course with 30 credit hours after achieving the diploma.
Launched on 20 August 1944, she was sponsored by Mrs. Edward J. Kelly, wife of the Mayor of Chicago, Illinois, and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 10 January 1945, Captain Richard R. Hartung, USN, in command.
After conducting training exercises, and calibrated her compasses in Chesapeake Bay, the cruiser got underway on 12 March for the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad.
Arriving on 18 March, the cruiser conducted shakedown training and shore bombardment exercises off Culebra, Puerto Rico, before returning to Norfolk on 11 April.
In company with the destroyer , the cruiser departed for the Caribbean on 7 May, en route to the Pacific Ocean.
After refueling at San Juan, Puerto Rico on 11 May, the ships spent three days conducting gunnery practice before departing for Colon, Canal Zone, on 15 May.
Following another period of gunnery, day battle, anti-aircraft, and shore bombardment exercises off Kahoolawe Island, the cruiser departed for Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, on 28 June.
Underway that same day, with the destroyer , added for anti-submarine screen, the ships joined Rear Admiral Radford's Task Group 38.4 north of the Mariana Islands on 8 July.
After refueling on 12 July, the Task Group returned to the Japanese coast and launched air strikes against airfields, shipping, and railways in the northern Honshū and Hokkaidō areas the next day.
By hanging one plane over the side with the crane the crew was still able to launch a Seahawk from the catapult for spotting services.
After replenishment operations on 16 July, the cruiser resumed screening the carriers as they launched air strikes over the Tokyo Plains, northern Honshū and Hokkaidō, and the Kure-Kobe area over the next two weeks.
Using radar, and assisted by spotting planes dropping flares and rockets, the ships fired at bridges, factories and the rail yard for about an hour.
Operations with the carriers, including a diversion to the south to avoid a typhoon, continued until 9 August when Rear Admiral Shafroth's bombardment unit returned to Kamaishi.
For the next six days, the cruiser screened the carriers as they launched continuous strikes against the Japanese Home Islands, until 15 August and the Japanese armistice.
Anchoring in Sagami Wan on 27 August, and then moving to Tokyo Bay on 3 September, the cruiser supported the unloading of supplies and equipment for Third Fleet occupation forces.
After transferring 47 men and the Marine Detachment for duty at Yokosuka Naval Base, the cruiser remained in port until 23 October when she got underway for the demilitarization of the Izu Islands.
Over the next twelve days, inspection teams helped the Japanese garrison on O Shima and Nii Shima demolish gun emplacements, artillery, ammunition and other military equipment on the islands.
She remained there until 28 March as flagship of the Yangtze Patrol, and then sailed to Sasebo, Japan, where she became flagship of Naval Support Force, Japanese Empire Waters.
Begun on 1 July 1959, the entire superstructure was removed and replaced with new aluminum compartments, modernized electronic systems, and an improved Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) equipped combat information center.
Two triple torpedo tubes, an ASROC launcher, two 5 in/38 cal guns, and two antisubmarine helicopters rounded out the cruisers' modifications.
Following sonar calibration and deperming in Puget Sound the cruiser arrived at her home port of San Diego, California to begin weapons systems qualifications.
Examination and evaluation of the new missile systems were completed by 2 December, following successful trials at the Pacific Missile Range off southern California.
On 4 January 1965, the cruiser shifted to Long Beach, California to begin a series of shock tests off San Clemente Island.
During the first week of October the warship participated in another anti-air exercise, this time shooting down two high-speed, high-altitude drones with Talos and Tartar missiles.
After a cruise to Hawaii from 19 October to 3 November, during which the cruiser practiced tactical data sharing training with the aircraft carrier and destroyer , the ship finished out the year conducting tests and exercises in the San Diego area.
Returning to San Diego on 4 March the ship underwent operational readiness, technical proficiency, boiler, electronics, and nuclear warfare acceptance inspections.
Picking up her helicopter detachment the cruiser departed the next day for duty with Task Force 77 on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf.
After a port visit to Hong Kong, where the ship had to avoid a typhoon on 17 July, the cruiser returned to Yankee Station on 29 July.
After a practice Talos missile shot off Okinawa on 27 August, and a short visit to Keelung, Taiwan, the ship returned to her station on 7 September.
The cruiser, expanding air duties once again, soon became the primary source for MIG warning information, and assumed surveillance responsibility for the North Vietnamese-Chinese border.
On her fourth PIRAZ tour, from 25 October to 12 November, the cruiser helped improve these procedures, particularly in the area of joint Air Force-Navy cooperation.
En route to Sasebo, via Subic Bay, the cruiser stopped at the Okinawa Missile Range to fire two more practice missiles on 18 November.
Arriving in Juneau, Alaska on 10 June, the ship paid an official visit to that city before returning to San Diego eleven days later.
Assigned to tender availability on 1 September, the ship received boiler and other repairs and inspections from before departing for another WestPac deployment on 11 October 1967.
After departing Pearl Harbor on 18 October, the warship assisted in vectoring aircraft to the site of a Navy F-8 Crusader crash site, successfully rescuing the pilot.
Arriving on station in the Gulf of Tonkin three weeks later, via Yokosuka, Okinawa, and Subic Bay, the ship relieved the cruiser , beginning PIRAZ duties on 12 November.
These responsibilities, improved over the past year, included radar surveillance, coordinating barrier CAP and rescue operations, providing MiG and border warnings, and a wide variety of communication and real-time data sharing services.
After a visit to Hong Kong from 16 to 21 December, the cruiser moved to Subic Bay for an import availability period completed on 3 January 1968.
On 28 January, following the seizure of by North Korea, the cruiser steamed to the Sea of Japan to help coordinate air activities for the carriers of Task Group 70.6.
After a brief diversion to the Pacific Missile Range, to conduct experimental aircraft tracking and missile firings, the cruiser entered Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 1 July for a regular repair period followed by machinery and electronics sea trials and inspections for the remainder of 1968.
The cruiser underwent ten days of upkeep and type training at Subic Bay before assuming duties as PIRAZ ship on 11 March.
In response to the shooting down of an EC-121 by North Korean fighters on 14 April, that killed all 31 personnel on board, the Task Force patrolled the Sea of Japan during the crisis that followed.
The cruiser provided PIRAZ and screening duties for the carriers, and their constant air patrols, until 27 April when the ship departed for upkeep at Sasebo, Japan.
After upkeep at Yokosuka, a visit to Hong Kong, and a typhoon evasion, the cruiser returned to the Gulf of Tonkin on 1 August to continue radar surveillance, electronic countermeasures, and missile screen duties.
After a leave and upkeep period, followed by a tender availability that installed Zuni chaff dispensers, the cruiser finished out the year conducting routine inspections, local training exercises, and operations at the missile test range.
Several fleet exercises, two missile firing tests, and inspections filled the months until 12 June 1970, when the cruiser underwent a two-week repair and alteration period.
Communications security, nuclear safety, and operational readiness inspections, as well as final engineering checks, were completed by the end of August.
Supply replenishment, inspections, and a midshipmen's cruise in June and July, were followed by exercises, inspections, and a dependent-guest cruise into October.
After a final readiness test and embarking five guests of the Secretary of the Navy, Chicago departed for another deployment on 6 November 1971.
After a weekend stop at Pearl Harbor, where the passengers were debarked, the ship stopped at Guam and Subic Bay before arriving in the Gulf of Tonkin PIRAZ station on 6 December.
Radar surveillance and air coordination continued, except for a few days in Subic Bay in late February, until a visit to Hong Kong in late March.
The cruiser set course for San Diego before being recalled to PIRAZ station on 3 April 1972 in response to the North Vietnamese Army's invasion of the south.
The scale of U.S. air operations increased dramatically as strike and interdiction missions, designed to restrict the movement of men and supplies, were conducted throughout North Vietnam.
The cruiser monitored all aircraft flying over the gulf, directed friendly CAP, and, despite intense electronic jamming, coordinated fighter escorts during the mid-April B-52 Stratofortress raids against the North Vietnamese.
To avoid exposing F-4 Phantom fighters to North Vietnamese ground-based anti-aircraft defenses, these ships patrolling offshore were given a free-fire zone for Talos missiles to engage defending MiG fighters approaching the coast from Phúc Yên and Kép airfields near Hanoi.
Arriving home on 8 July, the ship underwent a local availability before entering Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 25 August for a Complex Overhaul.
After arrival at Subic Bay on 15 June, the ship prepared for an extended cruise with the frigate , destroyer , and auxiliary vessel .
Departing Subic Bay on 25 June, the squadron passed through the Straits of Malacca on 2 July and arrived at Karachi, Pakistan six days later.
A week later, in an effort to influence Russian negotiations for basing rights in the Mauritius Islands, the squadron conducted a diplomatic port visit to Port Louis.
Following a visit to Hong Kong in early October, the cruiser spent the next month conducting training and fleet exercises in the Philippines area until getting underway for Guam on 17 November.
Technical inspections and equipment modifications, interspersed with a visit by a delegation of French officials, lasted until April when the ship conducted interim refresher training in the southern California operating areas.
Following a series of missile tests in late May, and fleet exercises with Pacific naval units, the cruiser visited Seattle for the Fourth of July celebrations.
From 9 September to 24 October, the cruiser underwent a major restricted availability as repairs were conducted to fuel tanks, boiler casings, and the main propulsion plant.
In February 1976, personnel in the Operations department underwent extensive team training in anti-air, anti-submarine, and electronic warfare in preparation for a fleet exercise in March.
Sailing with an amphibious group the cruiser conducted multi-ship exercises, both before and after Pearl Harbor, and arrived at Yokosuka on 3 May.
After a midshipmen cruise from Yokosuka to the Philippines in early July, the cruiser began an import period lasting until 2 August.
Stopping at Guam on 1 October to refuel, and Pearl Harbor on 9 October for a dependents cruise, the ship finally returned to San Diego on 16 October.
The cruiser remained in port, receiving boiler repairs and equipment upgrades, until 23 February when the ship began post-repair sea trials and crew training.
These exercises, including helicopter pad training, simulated missile and torpedo attacks, and other similar drills, continued until 6 September, when the ship got underway for her eighth WestPac tour.
Chicago arrived in Subic Bay on 30 September, after multi-ship exercises that included four missile shots while underway, to begin a series of operations with the 7th Fleet.
Missile shots and convoy exercises off Mindoro, a barrier exercise off Buckner Bay, and visits to Yokosuka, Keelung, and Hong Kong lasted until late November.
Departing 4 January 1978, the cruiser visited Subic Bay and Hong Kong before starting a month of exercises in the Philippine Sea.
After repairs and upkeep, the ship steamed for Guam on 16 March, arriving five days later to refuel, before arriving in Pearl Harbor on 31 March.
After returning to San Diego on 7 April, the ship remained in upkeep status until 24 July 1978, when the cruiser moved to Long Beach to start a regular overhaul.
After two days of operations with the destroyer and submarine , the cruiser moved back to San Diego to begin a regular schedule of training exercises.
Fleet exercises off Okinawa, and a port visit to Pusan, South Korea, at the end of July, were followed by refugee surveillance in the South China Sea.
On 15 October, after memorial services for two cruisers lost in the Solomon Islands battles during World War II, and the earlier , the cruiser began two weeks of exercises in the Coral Sea.
After the exercise, involving seven U.S. ships and twenty Australian and New Zealand vessels, the ship visited Sydney, Australia, for a week-long port visit, then departed for the west coast via Subic Bay and Pearl Harbor, and arrived at San Diego on 17 December.
Stripped of equipment by 11 August, the hulk was sold for scrap to Southwest Recycling, Inc., Terminal Island, California on 9 December 1991.
From 1932 to 1937, Webb played for six minor-league clubs, including the Springfield Senators (1932-1933), Cedar Rapids Raiders (1935-1936), and Columbus Red Birds (1932 and 1937).
In 1939, he played in 81 games at shortstop for the Indians and had a .264 batting average, the highest of his major-league career.
His batting average dropped to .237 in 1940, and he was relegated to the role of a utility infielder and back-up second baseman in 1942 and 1943.
Traded to the Detroit Tigers at the end of the 1944 season, Webb was the Tigers' starting shortstop in their 1945 World Series championship season.
Some believe that Webb was able to hold on to the starting shortstop job because the Tigers' manager Steve O'Neill was his father-in-law.
Despite his weak hitting performance in the regular season, Webb played all seven games of the 1945 World Series as the Tigers' shortstop.
He finished his major league career playing in 23 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1948, where he hit a career-low .148.
In 12 major league seasons, Webb played in 699 games - 368 at shortstop, 282 at second base, and seven at third base.
The Premier League Manager of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best adjudged Premier League manager each month of the season.
The winner is chosen by a combination of an online public vote, which contributes to 10% of the final tally, and a panel of experts.
It has been called the Carling Premiership Manager of the Month (1993–2001) and the Barclaycard Premiership Manager of the Month (2001–2004); it is currently known as the Barclays Manager of the Month.
The Premier League introduced new Manager of the Month and Manager of the Season awards for the 1993–94 season, supplementing the existing Football Writers' Association and Professional Footballers' Association Player of the Year awards.
For the 1994–95 season, the Premier League introduced the Player of the Month award, which is presented alongside the Manager of the Month award.
Harry Redknapp has had six spells managing Premier League clubs (West Ham United, Portsmouth, Southampton, Portsmouth again, Tottenham Hotspur and Queens Park Rangers), winning a Manager of the Month award in five of those spells.
The award has been won in consecutive months by 15 managers: Joe Kinnear, Kevin Keegan, Roy Evans, Alex Ferguson, Arsène Wenger, David O'Leary, Stuart Pearce, Paul Jewell, Rafael Benítez, Carlo Ancelotti, Manuel Pellegrini, Claudio Ranieri, Antonio Conte, Pep Guardiola and Jürgen Klopp.
The award has been shared on one occasion, in March 2002, when Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier was jointly awarded Manager of the Month with caretaker manager Phil Thompson, who had deputised while Houllier was absent for medical reasons.
He and his youngest brother Stephen spent much of their childhood in separate foster homes, Morrissey spending most of his time at Penkhull Children's Home, under the care of Margaret Cartlidge.
He attended Thistley Hough High School, in Penkhull, where he discovered a love for acting through the encouragement of teacher Sheila Steele.
It was there that he realised that his time in care would end at the end of his first year, aged 17, with the bleak prospect of a move to a working boys hostel that could end his academic and dramatic career.
A solution was found through the family of his friend, Mark Langston, who fostered Neil until the summer of his 18th birthday.
Neil had developed his skills and reputation as an actor though his teenage years at Stoke Schools Theatre, Stoke Repertory Theatre and Stoke Original Theatre, performing at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1979.
His application to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama resulted in an unconditional offer, which paved the way for the next steps in his theatrical growth.
Arriving with no educational grant and no living funds, he was helped by the school to obtain an educational grant, and he 'sofa-surfed' for his first year with friends.
During this time he and a fellow student started a street theatre act, which gained them an agent, and hence the required 40 hours of bookings to gain an Equity card.
Offered the leading role as Robin Hood in The Theatre Chipping Norton's 1982 pantomime, Morrissey agreed to leave the Guildhall School in the first term of his third year.
The series became one of the most popular UK sitcoms of the 1990s and turned Morrissey into a national star and a target for the tabloid newspapers.
Taking the role to pay for his business problems, Morrisey was in this role for two series stating later that he left due to the poor quality of the scripts, making his final appearance in May 2009.
Morrissey starred alongside Adrian Edmonson, Robert Webb and Miles Jupp in the play Neville's Island at Duke of York's Theatre, London during Autumn 2014.
It alleged he has a house, wife and two children in Jordan as well as a degree in Botany for which he had studied for 20 years.
According to the documentary he has invented a cream called 'The Essence' which contains extracts of a plant found only in a remote Jordanian village.
The show followed Morrissey as he carried out his research which involved years of study and crossing continents, funded by his lucrative acting career.
Ultimately Morrissey launches the cream only to have his friends concerned for his health, his laboratory broken into, and a trip to Jordan where he finds that the villagers whose trust he had gained through time spent with them, have abandoned their homes because of the fall-out of his discovery.
This hoax was launched on 1 April and despite the suspicions caused by this date as April Fool's Day, it still managed to convince some people that it was true.
Morrissey's love of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas led him to buy up numerous properties in the village of Laugharne, including the Hurst Hotel, the New Three Mariners pub and Brown's Hotel in April 2004 for £670,000.
In October 2006 it was announced that the business had put Brown's Hotel on the market to finance the redevelopment of the Hurst Hotel, and the expansion of the private members' club, Hurst House in Covent Garden, London.
In July 2008, with delays encountered on the construction of Hurst House-at-the-Mill, a luxury hotel in Hertfordshire due to open in 2009, the Laugharne-based assets of the Hurst House group went into a packaged administration.
From this base came the Morrissey Fox range of real ale beer, developed by Morrissey and chef Richard Fox which is still in production.
Morrissey now owns a chain of pubs in Staffordshire, including The Plume of Feathers in Barlaston, and more recently The Old Bramshall Inn in Bramshall.
On his left arm is his first name and a blob which was going to be his initials before it became infected, causing him to require a tetanus jab.
The boys there apparently saw that he did not have a tattoo and so gave him the option of a tattoo or a beating.
His marriage to the wealthy Mary Charlotte Anne Wellesley-Pole, the niece of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and other Bagot family connections made possible his subsequent diplomatic career.
He was named minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinaire to the United States on 31 July 1815, in the aftermath of the War of 1812.
He also contributed to negotiations leading to the Anglo-American Convention of 1818, which defined the border between British North America and the United States from Lake of the Woods (see Northwest Angle) to the Pacific Ocean.
He subsequently served as British Ambassador to Russia, where he took part in negotiations leading to the 1825 Treaty of Saint Petersburg.
Then, he served as British Ambassador to the Netherlands, where he was involved in negotiations leading to the establishment of Belgium in 1831.
After a hiatus of ten years from diplomatic service, Bagot agreed to succeed Lord Sydenham as governor general of the newly proclaimed Province of Canada.
Bagot was appointed 27 September 1841, and arrived in the Canadian capital Kingston on 10 January 1842, taking office two days later.
As an important concession, however, Bagot did allow the leading Canadian colonial politicians Robert Baldwin and Sir Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine to form a ministry, on the basis of their parliamentary majority.
Lafontaine, as a French-Canadian leader, had suffered abusive treatment by the British under the previous governor general, Lord Sydenham, who had died in office in 1841.
With the arrival of Confederation in 1867, a well-defined system of three-tiered governance—federal, provincial, and municipal—came into being in Ontario and Quebec.
While serving as governor-general, Bagot ordered the first criminal extradition of a fugitive slave to the United States from Canada West.
In 1841, Hacket stole a beaver overcoat and a racing mare from his master, as well as a gold watch and a saddle from two others, and fled to Canada West.
Governor-General Bagot ruled Hacket had committed a crime by stealing items not necessary for his escape, and for this reason he was extradited.
The public in Canada West, as well as abolitionists in the U.S. and Canada, were dismayed, and their displeasure led to a formal treaty, which codified rules for extradition, but upset fugitives, abolitionists, and slave owners.
In 1842 Bagot initiated a major review of government policies and expenditures related to Indigenous peoples in Canada East and Canada West, appointing Rawson W. Rawson, John Davidson and William Hepburn as report commissioners.
Having resigned his governor general's office in January 1843, Bagot died four months later at the vice-regal residence, Alwington House, Alwington, Kingston, too ill to return to the United Kingdom.
Sir Charles Bagot, Bart., G.C.B., married Lady Mary Charlotte Anne Wellesley, daughter of William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington on 22 July 1806.
The family accompanied their parents to Canada, on the appointment of Sir Charles Bagot as Governor-General of British North America on 12 January 1842.
Potential evaporation (PE) or potential evapotranspiration (PET) is defined as the amount of evaporation that would occur if a sufficient water source were available.
If the actual evapotranspiration is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply moisture, then PET is a measure of the demand side.
Penman's equation requires daily mean temperature, wind speed, air pressure, and solar radiation to predict E. Simpler Hydrometeorological equations continue to be used where obtaining such data is impractical, to give comparable results within specific contexts, e.g.
The underlying concept behind the Priestley–Taylor model is that an air mass moving above a vegetated area with abundant water would become saturated with water.
However, observations revealed that actual evaporation was 1.26 times greater than potential evaporation, and therefore the equation for actual evaporation was found by taking potential evapotranspiration and multiplying it by formula_10.
The lowest and turbulent part of the atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer, is not a closed box, but constantly brings in dry air from higher up in the atmosphere towards the surface.
The proper equilibrium of the system has been derived and involves the characteristics of the interface of the atmospheric boundary layer and the overlying free atmosphere.
For that, a specific task in science was chosen: help organic chemists in identifying unknown organic molecules, by analyzing their mass spectra and using knowledge of chemistry.
It was done at Stanford University by Edward Feigenbaum, Bruce G. Buchanan, Joshua Lederberg, and Carl Djerassi, along with a team of highly creative research associates and students.
The software program Dendral is considered the first expert system because it automated the decision-making process and problem-solving behavior of organic chemists.
There are many other programs today for solving the mass spectrometry inverse problem, see List of mass spectrometry software, but they are no longer described as 'artificial intelligence', just as structure searchers.
Heuristic Dendral is a program that uses mass spectra or other experimental data together with knowledge base of chemistry, to produce a set of possible chemical structures that may be responsible for producing the data.
A mass spectrum of a compound is produced by a mass spectrometer, and is used to determine its molecular weight, the sum of the masses of its atomic constituents.
For example, the compound water (H2O), has a molecular weight of 18 since hydrogen has a mass of 1.01 and oxygen 16.00, and its mass spectrum has a peak at 18 units.
Heuristic Dendral would use this input mass and the knowledge of atomic mass numbers and valence rules, to determine the possible combinations of atomic constituents whose mass would add up to 18.
Thus, a program that is able to reduce this number of candidate solutions through the process of hypothesis formation is essential.
New graph-theoretic algorithms were invented by Lederberg, Harold Brown, and others that generate all graphs with a specified set of nodes and connection-types (chemical atoms and bonds) -- with or without cycles.
Moreover, the team was able to prove mathematically that the generator is complete, in that it produces all graphs with the specified nodes and edges, and that it is non-redundant, in that the output contains no equivalent graphs (e.g., mirror images).
It was useful to chemists as a stand-alone program to generate chemical graphs showing a complete list of structures that satisfy the constraints specified by a user.
Meta-Dendral is a machine learning system that receives the set of possible chemical structures and corresponding mass spectra as input, and proposes a set of rules of mass spectrometry that correlate structural features with processes that produce the mass spectrum.
These rules would be fed back to Heuristic Dendral (in the planning and testing programs described below) to test their applicability.
The plan-generate-test paradigm is the basic organization of the problem-solving method, and is a common paradigm used by both Heuristic Dendral and Meta-Dendral systems.
The generator (later named CONGEN) generates potential solutions for a particular problem, which are then expressed as chemical graphs in Dendral.
When there are large numbers of possible solutions, Dendral has to find a way to put constraints that rules out large sets of candidate solutions.
The primary aim of knowledge engineering is to attain a productive interaction between the available knowledge base and problem solving techniques.
A heuristic is a rule of thumb, an algorithm that does not guarantee a solution, but reduces the number of possible solutions by discarding unlikely and irrelevant solutions.
Heuristics programming was a major approach and a giant step forward in artificial intelligence, as it allowed scientists to finally automate certain traits of human intelligence.
In the early 1960s, Joshua Lederberg started working with computers and quickly became tremendously interested in creating interactive computers to help him in his exobiology research.
As he was not an expert in either chemistry or computer programming, he collaborated with Stanford chemist Carl Djerassi to help him with chemistry, and Edward Feigenbaum with programming, to automate the process of determining chemical structures from raw mass spectrometry data.
Feigenbaum was an expert in programming languages and heuristics, and helped Lederberg design a system that replicated the way Djerassi solved structure elucidation problems.
They devised a system called Dendritic Algorithm (Dendral) that was able to generate possible chemical structures corresponding to the mass spectrometry data as an output.
Meta-Dendral was a model for knowledge-rich learning systems that was later codified in Tom Mitchell's influential Version Space Model of learning.
Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience or ideas) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints.
Freedom of thought is the precursor and progenitor of—and thus is closely linked to—other liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression.
Though freedom of thought is axiomatic for many other freedoms, they are in no way required for it to operate and exist.
It does not permit any limitations whatsoever on the freedom of thought and conscience or on the freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of one's choice.
Although Greek philosophers Plato and Socrates had discussed Freedom of Thought minimally, the edicts of King Ashoka (3rd century BC) have been called the first decree respecting Freedom of Conscience.
In European tradition, aside from the decree of religious toleration by Constantine I at Milan in 313, the philosophers Themistius, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, and John Stuart Mill and the theologians Roger Williams and Samuel Rutherford have been considered major proponents of the idea of Freedom of Conscience (or 'soul liberty' in the words of Roger Williams).
During her reign, philosopher, mathematician, astrologer, and astronomer Giordano Bruno took refuge in England from the Italian Inquisition, where he published a number of his books regarding an infinite universe and topics banned by the Catholic Church.
After leaving the safety of England, Bruno was eventually burned as a heretic in Rome for refusing to recant his ideas.
However, freedom of expression can be limited through censorship, arrests, book burning, or propaganda, and this tends to discourage freedom of thought.
The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, which states that thought is inherently embedded in language, would support the claim that an effort to limit the use of words of language is actually a form of restricting freedom of thought.
Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Downes Jackson KCB (1777 – 9 June 1845), born at Petersfield in the English county of Hampshire, was an officer in the British Army and subsequently colonial Administrator.
During that time, he also served for a few months as the Administrator of the government of the Province of Canada.
After seeing action during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 he took part in the Battle of Copenhagen during the Napoleonic Wars.
He fought at the Siege of Cádiz and the Battle of Barrosa during the Peninsular War and was knighted on 12 April 1815.
After the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, Jackson was appointed deputy quartermaster general in 1820, General Officer Commanding Northern District in 1836 and Commander-in-Chief, North America in 1839, a post which he held until his death in 1845.
In May 2008, Ash worked with Transparent Television to make a documentary about the unregulated cosmetic beauty industry whilst exploring her own experiences.
Ash was hospitalised at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in April 2004 after suffering two cracked ribs, saying she fell off her bed on to a table during sex with her husband.
In June 2004 while she was still in hospital, it was announced that a staphylococcus aureus infection might have rendered her permanently unable to walk.
The hospital admitted breach of duty over part of her treatment but denied responsibility for the extent of her injuries and in January 2008 paid out a record £5m compensation in an out-of-court settlement.
Steve Walker, chief executive of the NHS Litigation Authority, said the payout set a new record for compensation following a hospital-acquired infection.
When she was forty she decided to repeat the procedure with the same plastic surgeon, the mother of a Venezuelan friend.
They wrote to the police over their suspicions, and the police informed them that there were four pieces of paper referring to Ash in Mulcaire's notebooks, and five items relating to Chapman.
In August 2011, Ash and Chapman settled a claim against the paper and Mulcaire for an undisclosed sum and received an apology.
In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from the field of graph theory within mathematics.
The Clitherow family were wealthy London merchants throughout the 17th and 18th families, and owned Boston Manor in Brentford (now part of London), from 1670 onwards.
In 1809, Clitherow married Sarah Christie Burton, daughter of General Napier Christie Burton and granddaughter of General Gabriel Christie, who had served with the British Army in the Revolutionary War, afterwards settling in Lower Canada, where he acquired extensive land-holdings.
He served in the Egyptian campaign of 1801, an expedition to Germany in 1805, and an expedition to the Netherlands in 1809.
He served as an advisor to Lord Durham as a member of the Special Council that administered Lower Canada following the rebellion.
In that capacity, on September 18, 1841, Clitherow prorogued the first session of the first Parliament of the Province of Canada.
Clitherow remained the Deputy Governor General for six days, until the Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in Canada, Sir Richard Downes Jackson, was appointed as Administrator.
When a field agent is sent on a mission, Marshall serves in a function similar to Q from the James Bond films: as the in-house creator and proprietor of a number of gadgets and sophisticated tools used by field agent.
He is also socially inept, having a tendency to speak very rapidly, often babbling about tangential subjects in the middle of technical briefings (before someone impatiently brings Marshall back on to the topic at hand).
He has a fondness for unnecessary visual aids when giving a presentation, once even playing a full drum set to make a point (actor Weisman is in a rock band).
However, his expertise in almost any subject imaginable is unparalleled, being well-versed in robotics, chemistry, acoustics, electronics, biometrics, explosives, computer networks, and many other subjects.
Because he is not a field agent, he often doctors photographs of himself in exotic locations to fool his mother into thinking he works for a company requiring a lot of travel; he once asked Sydney to take the photographs for said images.
During the third season, Marshall experiences great character growth, realizing most people do not understand quantum entanglement, understanding how he appears to others and offering suggestions for operations (which are implemented without comment).
By the start of the fourth season (several months later in the timeframe of the series), he has fully recovered from his injuries and is recruited into the new Authorized Personnel Only (APO) black ops offshoot of the CIA (albeit as a 'late' addition to the organization, when they realized that they needed his computer expertise early in their first assignment).
Marshall has also discovered how hard it is to lie to those he loves, having to keep his job at APO a secret even from his wife (who appears to no longer be working for the NSA by the fourth season).
Marshall, delayed in arriving at HQ due to a problem with his baby, avoids being caught in the lockdown and becomes the only APO agent able to save Sydney.
Later in the mission, when required to make contact with an enemy agent while APO was still on lockdown and the man had already met Sydney, he accidentally shoots and kills the agent while attempting to keep him occupied while Sydney tracks a crucial item in his possession; it is not made clear whether this is the first time Marshall has killed anyone.
The fifth season was largely business as usual for Marshall, although he has also struck up a friendship-cum-mutual admiration society with new APO recruit Rachel Gibson, who had primarily served as a data analyst for current foe Gordon Dean before his true agenda was exposed, although she alternated between taking a field role and acting as Marshall's assistant in the office.
The series finale saw Marshall return briefly to the field as part of APO's efforts to capture intel on Prophet Five.
He was later kidnapped from his home by Kelly Peyton and tortured, resisting admirably until at Sydney's urging he cooperated as part of a plan to rescue him and the also-abducted Rachel, allowing him to pass on a discreet message that would help his wife Carrie track his online activity and identify his location.
Marshall continued to provide tech support as the various members of APO raced around the world to thwart the endgames of Arvin Sloane and Irina Derevko, including remotely inputting the codes to stand down missiles Irina had targeted on Washington, D.C. and London.
In a flash forward at the very end of the final episode, it is revealed Marshall and Carrie have two more children and Carrie is pregnant with their fourth.
The two decided they were to be wed before the birth of the baby, but Carrie began to go into labor in the middle of an important mission.
Carrie is strong-willed and tends to get her way in disputes with her husband, and though she tries to keep him in check with her quick wit and sarcasm, they ultimately balance each other out and love one another deeply.
She is unaware Marshall still works for the CIA, since APO is black ops and he is under orders to keep it secret.
For the series finale, Carrie learned Marshall was still with the CIA when he was kidnapped by agents of Arvin Sloane.
She worked with APO to rescue Marshall and the also-abducted Rachel, demonstrating technical prowess rivalling Marshall's, quickly understanding a discreet clue Marshall passed to Sydney that allowed her to track their location from the source of the digital activity.
In the flash forward several years into the future presented at the end of the series finale, it is mentioned Marshall and Carrie have two more children after Mitchell, with another on the way, and all are boys.
Set in the 21st century, the board game begins with the premise that during the Cold War, nuclear terrorists destroyed much of the Middle East's supply of oil.
This creates a great deal of political turmoil - the USSR is especially upset at the nuclear balance of power being shifted - and while the rest of the world realigns in various ways (through alliances and treaties as well as conventional military conflict) the United States, complacent in its technical superiority, becomes isolationist in nature.
These three powers have launched a surprise invasion on the now-conventionally-weak United States: Asian invaders on the Pacific coast, Central American invaders along the Southwestern border with Mexico, and the Euro-Soviet invaders along the Eastern Seaboard.
The unique nature of this game is the notion of three of four players cooperating for the elimination of one player (the US).
The game has an interesting dynamic of the US player being outnumbered 3:1 in military strength but steadily being reinforced by laser relay towers which each have a 60% chance to destroy an enemy unit anywhere on the board each turn.
Also, the invaders must place their reinforcements, which arrive on an even basis over the first few turns and then run out entirely, in their own invasion zones, which are sometimes far from the front, while the U.S. never runs out and can often be reinforced right at the front.
The American player receives reinforcements by drawing two cards per turn, which sometimes specify for partisans or military forces to appear behind enemy lines.
Others allow the U.S. to reconstruct shattered units from the dead pile in home cities, while all invading units are permanently out of play when lost in combat.
The result is a game that - if played well by all players - will result in a very close contest.
There are 30 cities represented on the board and the invaders must capture, and hold until the end of an entire turn, 18 or more of them to win the game.
This allows the U.S. one round to counterattack and recapture after all the invaders have played a round and temporarily achieved their goal of 18.
However, world events and popular culture and Hollywood have influenced a small resurgence in the game's popularity evidenced by the 2012 remake and re-issue.
The first had an image which resembled Saddam Hussein and the other cover replaced the Saddam look-a-like with a bearded and sunglasses-wearing version.
Reflecting population shifts, Kansas City and Buffalo are no longer depicted, Las Vegas and Colorado Springs have been added, plus resource areas were juggled.
The county is located in the centre of Prince Edward Island, and the geography varies from relatively flat plains to rolling hills in the central interior lands known as the Bonshaw Hills.
The coastline features sandstone cliffs and sandy beaches, with numerous sheltered bays on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberland Strait.
The most important geographic feature of Queens County is the Hillsborough River and its extensive estuary, which almost cuts both the county and Prince Edward Island in half.
Queens County was formed in 1765, and was named by Captain Samuel Holland in honour of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, then queen consort of the United Kingdom.
Today, the county is characterised by urban sprawl extending from Charlottetown in the centre of the county is the region's most dominant feature; many rural parts of the county within the Charlottetown census agglomeration, and outside, are facing increased pressures to subdivide and develop into suburbs and exurbs.
Queens County is the only county in Prince Edward Island to have experienced population growth since 2011, with a change of +5.3% from 77,866 recorded in the Canada 2011 Census.
Paul Richards picked up four runs batted in in the seventh game of the series, to lead the Tigers to the 9–3 game win, and 4–3 Series win.
One player decidedly not fitting that description was the Tigers' slugger Hank Greenberg, who had been discharged from military service early.
Having last won the Series in , the Cubs owned the dubious record of both the longest league pennant drought and the longest World Series drought in history, not winning another World Series until .
In that Series' final game, Stan Hack led off the top of the ninth inning of Game 6 with a triple but was stranded, and the Cubs lost the game and the Series.
With two outs and runners on first and third, a passed ball by future Hall of Famer Hal Newhouser scored the game's first run.
Pafko then singled, stole second, moved to third on a passed ball, and scored the game's last run on Nicholson's single.
Doc Cramer's RBI single tied the game before Hank Greenberg's three-run home run put the Tigers up 4–1 Virgil Trucks allowed no other runs in a complete game as the Tigers tied the series at a game apiece.
The Cubs scored two runs in the fourth off Stubby Overmire on RBI singles by Bill Nicholson and Roy Hughes after a leadoff double and one-out walk.
They added another run in the seventh off Al Benton when Mickey Livingston hit a leadoff double, moved to third on a groundout and scored on Claude Passeau's sacrifice fly.
After a one-out walk and single, Hank Greenberg's RBI single and Roy Cullenbine's RBI double knocked starter Ray Prim out of the game.
The Cubs scored their only run of the game in the sixth when Don Johnson hit a leadoff triple and scored on Peanuts Lowrey's groundout.
The Tigers struck first in the top of the third on Doc Cramer's sacrifice fly with runners on first and third, but the Cubs tied the game in the bottom half when Hank Borowy doubled with two outs and scored on Stan Hack's single.
Hy Vandenberg in relief intentionally walked Paul Richards with one out to load the bases before a walk to Newhouser and Skeeter Webb's groundout scored a run each.
In the bottom of the inning, with runners on first and third with two outs, Bill Nicholson's fielder's choice and Mickey Livingston's ground-rule double scored a run each.
In the bottom half, Phil Cavarretta hit a leadoff double and scored on Nicholson's one out single before Newhouser retired the next two batters to end the game and put the Tigers one win away from the championship.
In the top of the seventh with two on and two outs, RBI singles by Roy Cullenbine off Passeau and Rudy York off Hank Wyse cut the Cubs' lead to 5–3, but they got those runs back in the bottom half on a bases loaded walk to Livingston by Bridges followed by Roy Hughes's RBI single off Al Benton.
In the top of the eighth, after a leadoff walk and double, an error on Joe Hoover's ground ball scored a run, then Eddie Mayo's RBI single scored another with Hoover going to third and Mayo being tagged out at second.
In the 12th, after a one-out single by Frank Secory off Dizzy Trout, pinch-runner Bill Schuster came all the way around on Stan Hack's walk-off double to left, forcing a Game 7.
Besides being the last World Series game the Cubs won until 2016, this would also be the second -- and last -- World Series game that the Cubs would win before their hometown fans at Wrigley Field, until 2016.
The Cubs went with the overworked Borowy, who lasted just three batters, each of whom singled, the last of which scoring a run.
Paul Derringer replaced him, intentionally walked Roy Cullenbine with one out to load the bases, then one out later, walked Jimmy Outlaw before Paul Richards clear the bases with a three-run double.
The Cubs got a run in the bottom of the first on Phil Cavarretta's RBI single with two on off Hal Newhouser, but in the second, Derringer allowed a two-out single, then three consecutive walks to force in another run.
The Cubs scored just one more run in the bottom of the inning on Bill Richardson's RBI double with two on as Newhouser pitched a complete game to give the Tigers the championship.
She retired from broadcast news presenting in April 2006 and was a non-executive director of Sainsbury's until the end of 2012.
Her father had declined an offer from Samuel Goldwyn to work in Hollywood, and her mother, Jean (née Winstanley; sister of MP and broadcaster Michael Winstanley, Baron Winstanley) had worked with Alec Guinness.
Her father John later became ordained as an Anglican priest and took Ford and her four brothers to live at Eskdale in the Lake District.
After her father became the parish priest at St Martin's Church in Brampton she moved to the White House Grammar School.
Ford received a BA degree in economics from the Victoria University of Manchester and was president of the university's students' union from 1966 to 1967.
Ford worked as a teacher for four years, including teaching Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners at the Her Majesty's Prison Maze in Northern Ireland for two years.
In February 1978, Ford moved to ITN, and was faced with quickly abandoned legal threats from the BBC for breaking her contract.
ITN were bidding for the breakfast franchise themselves and had positioned Ford as the lead anchor in their bid, unaware that she was involved with another bidder.
Ford was involved in an incident at a party in which she threw her wine over Jonathan Aitken to express her outrage over his involvement in her sacking from the channel.
The three-minute discussion featured feminist barrister Elizabeth Woodcraft and Neil Lyndon, a critic of feminism, with Ford allowing Woodcraft to speak for more than two minutes of the three-minute feature.
Lyndon received an apology for his treatment on the programme and Ford, herself a feminist, was reprimanded by Rod Liddle, then the programme's editor.
On 2 May 2006, J Sainsbury plc, the UK supermarket group, announced Ford was joining the company as a non-executive director.
When the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) on 1 October 2004 to create the new University of Manchester, she became its Co-Chancellor along with Sir Terry Leahy (the former Chancellor of UMIST).
Ford had an early marriage to Alan Bittles (1970-div), although this dissolved before her television career and, in the late 1979, she was briefly engaged to Jon Snow, a colleague at ITN.
She married the magazine editor and cartoonist Mark Boxer, with whom she had two daughters, Claire and Kate, before he died of a brain tumour in 1988 at their home in Brentford, Greater London.
She claimed unsuccessfully that photographs of her in a bikini with David Scott, by a press photographer in Majorca, with a powerful zoom lens and published in the British media, constituted an invasion of her privacy.
Kings County is also least dependent upon the agriculture industry compared with the other two counties, while being more heavily dependent on the fishery and forest industry.
The only heavy industry, aside from forestry and industrial farming, is a small shipyard, although secondary manufacturing has been established in recent years.
Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island (often abbreviated as MCRD PI) is an military installation located within Port Royal, South Carolina, approximately south of Beaufort, the community that is typically associated with the installation.
Male recruits living east of the Mississippi River and female recruits from all over the United States report here to receive their initial training.
Male recruits living west of the Mississippi River receive their training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, California, but may train at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island by special request.
A French Huguenot expedition, led by Jean Ribault in 1562, was the first European group to attempt to colonize Parris Island.
The French expedition built an outpost named Charlesfort, and Ribault left a small garrison as he returned to France for colonists and supplies.
After a long absence because of Ribault's delay from wars in Europe, Charlesfort was abandoned after the garrison mutinied, built a ship on the island and sailed back to France in April 1563.
In 1566, the Spanish, led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded a settlement named Santa Elena which became the capital of La Florida for the next decade.
After coming under English control, the island was granted to Robert Daniell in 1706 and became known as Port Royal Island.
After his death 1736, it gradually became known as Parris Island (and the name Port Royal Island was applied to a different one to the north).
From the 1720s to the Civil War, the island was divided into a number of plantations, initially growing indigo, then later cotton.
During and after the Civil War, the island became home to freed slaves, and was a site of freedmen schools taught by abolitionists such as Frances Gage and Clara Barton.
Thay function was taken up again after the war in large part because of the freedman-turned-Representative Robert Smalls, who fought for the creation of a new federal military installation on the island.
Marines were first assigned to Parris Island on June 26, 1891, in the form of a small security detachment headed by First Sergeant Richard Donovan, two corporals and 10 privates.
Donovan's unit was highly commended for preserving life and property during hurricanes and storm surges that swept over the island in 1891 and 1893.
At the district center are the commanding general's home, a 19th-century wooden dry dock, and an early 20th-century gazebo, all of which are on the National Register of Historic Places.
On November 1, 1915, Parris Island was officially designated a Recruit Depot, and United States Marine Corps Recruit Training has continued since then.
Prior to 1929, a ferry provided all transportation to and from the island from Port Royal docks to the Recruit Depot docks.
During the fateful December 1941, 5,272 recruits arrived there with 9,206 arriving the following month, making it necessary to add the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Recruit Training Battalions.
As the war influx continued, five battalions were sent to New River, North Carolina, to train, and the Depot expanded to 13 battalions.
From 1941 to 1945, the Marines trained 204,509 recruits here and at the time of the Japanese surrender, the Depot contained more than 20,000 recruits.
Later, the command was designated the 4th Recruit Training Battalion, and it now serves as the only battalion in the Corps for training female recruits, and is the only all-female unit in the Department of Defense.
The recruit tide again flooded during the years of the Vietnam War, reaching a peak training load of 10,979 during March 1966.
On the night of April 8, 1956, the Ribbon Creek incident resulted in the drowning of six recruits, and led to widespread changes in recruit training policies.
On October 11, 2002, the Town of Port Royal annexed the entire island, but most visitors still associate the installation with Beaufort, a larger community five miles to the north.
At the next change of command on June 20, 2014, Brigadier General Terry Williams became the first African-American commander of the base.
Recruit training for those enlisted in the United States Marine Corps includes a thirteen-week process during which the recruit becomes cut off from the civilian world and must adapt to a Marine Corps lifestyle.
During training, the drill instructors train recruits in a wide variety of subjects including weapons training, Marine Corps Martial Arts Program, personal hygiene and cleanliness, close order drill, and Marine Corps history.
The structure of EUC is based on the ISO-2022 standard, which specifies a way to represent character sets containing a maximum of 94 characters, or 8836 (94) characters, or 830584 (94) characters, as sequences of 7-bit codes.
Up to four coded character sets (referred to as G0, G1, G2, and G3 or as code sets 0, 1, 2, and 3) can be represented with the EUC scheme.
G0 is almost always an ISO-646 compliant coded character set such as US-ASCII, ISO 646:KR (KS X 1003) or ISO 646:JP (the lower half of JIS X 0201) that is invoked on GL (i.e.
An exception from US-ASCII is that 0x5C (backslash in US-ASCII) is often used to represent a Yen sign in EUC-JP (see below) and a Won sign in EUC-KR.
To get the EUC form of an ISO-2022 character, the most significant bit of each 7-bit byte of the original ISO 2022 codes is set (by adding 128 to each of these original 7-bit codes); this allows software to easily distinguish whether a particular byte in a character string belongs to the ISO-646 code or the ISO-2022 (EUC) code.
The most commonly used EUC codes are variable-width encodings with a character belonging to G0 (ISO-646 compliant coded character set) taking one byte and a character belonging to G1 (taken by a 94x94 coded character set) represented in two bytes.
EUC-JP includes characters represented by up to three bytes whereas a single character in EUC-TW can take up to four bytes.
Modern applications are more likely to use UTF-8, which supports all of the glyphs of the EUC codes, and more, and is generally more portable with fewer vendor deviations and errors.
Unlike the case of Japanese JIS X 0208 and ISO-2022-JP, GB 2312 is not normally used in a 7-bit ISO 2022 code version, although a variant form called HZ (which delimits GB 2312 text with ASCII sequences) was sometimes used on USENET.
It defines an extended form of the EUC-CN encoding capable of representing a larger array of CJK characters sourced largely from Unicode 1.1, including traditional Chinese characters and characters used only in Japanese.
It is not, however, a true EUC code, because ASCII bytes may appear as trail bytes (and C1 bytes, not limited to the single shifts, may appear as lead or trail bytes), due to a larger encoding space being required.
Variants of GBK are implemented by Windows code page 936 (the Microsoft Windows code page for simplified Chinese), and by IBM's code page 1386.
However, Unicode encoded as GB18030 is a variable-width encoding which may use up to four bytes per character, due to an even larger encoding space being required.
Other EUC-CN variants deviating from the EUC mechanism include the Mac OS Chinese Simplified script (known as Code page 10008 or codice_1).
It uses the bytes 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0xA0, 0xFD, 0xFE and 0xFF for the U with umlaut (ü), two special font metric characters, the non-breaking space, the copyright sign (©), the trademark sign (™) and the ellipsis (…) respectively.
This differs in what is regarded as a single-byte character versus the first byte of a two-byte character from both EUC (where, of those, 0xFD and 0xFE are defined as lead bytes) and GBK (where, of those, 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0xFD and 0xFE are defined as lead bytes).
EUC-JP is a variable-width encoding used to represent the elements of three Japanese character set standards, namely JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212, and JIS X 0201.
This encoding scheme allows the easy mixing of 7-bit ASCII and 8-bit Japanese without the need for the escape characters employed by ISO-2022-JP, which is based on the same character set standards, and without ASCII bytes appearing as trail bytes (unlike Shift JIS).
A related and partially compatible encoding, called EUC-JISx0213 or EUC-JIS-2004, encodes JIS X 0201 and JIS X 0213 (similarly to Shift_JISx0213, its Shift_JIS-based counterpart).
Compared to EUC-CN or EUC-KR, EUC-JP did not become as widely adopted on PC and Macintosh systems in Japan, which used Shift JIS or its extensions (Windows code page 932 on Microsoft Windows, and MacJapanese on classic Mac OS), although it became heavily used by Unix or Unix-like operating systems (except for HP-UX).
Vendor extensions to EUC-JP were usually allocated within the individual code sets, as opposed to using invalid EUC sequences (as in popular extensions of EUC-CN and EUC-KR).
EUC-KR is a variable-width encoding to represent Korean text using two coded character sets, KS X 1001 (formerly KS C 5601) and either ISO 646:KR (KS X 1003, formerly KS C 5636) or US-ASCII, depending on variant.
A character drawn from KS X 1001 (G1, code set 1) is encoded as two bytes in GR (0xA1–0xFE) and a character from KS X 1003 or US-ASCII (G0, code set 0) takes one byte in GL (0x21–0x7E).
A common extension of EUC-KR is the Unified Hangul Code (, or ), which is the default Korean codepage on Microsoft Windows (code page 949, numbered 1363 by IBM).
, 0.2% of all web pages use EUC-KR, and 10.9% of Korean pages (making UTF-8 less popular in at least South Korea than in most countries of the world).
Including extensions, it is the most widely used legacy character encoding in Korea on all three major platforms (Unix-like OS, Windows and macOS), but its use has been very slowly decreasing as UTF-8 gains popularity, especially on Linux and macOS.
Note that the plane 1 of CNS 11643 is encoded twice as code set 1 and a part of code set 2.
Ellwangen an der Jagst, officially Ellwangen (Jagst), in common use simply Ellwangen is a town in the district of Ostalbkreis in the east of Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Ellwangen is situated in the valley of the river Jagst, between the foothills of the Swabian Alb and Virngrund (ancient Virgundia) forest, the latter being part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest.
In 764 the Frankish noble Hariolf, Bishop of Langres, founded a Benedictine monastery, Ellwangen Abbey, on a hill next to the settlement.
In 1460 the abbey was converted into an exempt house of secular canons, led by a prince-provost and a chapter consisting of 12 noble canons and 10 vicars.
The king of Württemberg, who had acquired large areas with a predominantly Roman Catholic population, wanted Ellwangen to become the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese.
In 1817, the seminary and the ordinary went to Rottenburg am Neckar, which in 1821 became the seat of the newly formed diocese for Württemberg.
After World War II members of the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division were convicted of a number of war crimes, involving the shooting of foreign concentration camp prisoners in Ellwangen during the war.
In April 1945, US Army troops occupied Ellwangen and until 1946, stationed various Army units at the kaserne — the former German Tank School.
From 1946 the International Refugee Organisation (IRO) used the kaserne as a displaced persons' camp for 3,000 Ukrainian refugees until 1951.
In 1951, the US Army — the combat engineer battalion and medical battalion of the 28th Infantry Division again took over the facility.
In April and May 2018, two police raids at a migrant shelter in the town led to national and international media attention and a public debate about legal deportations.
A Stadtbus only stops if requested by the passengers and was established for older residents and the population surrounding the historic center of the town.
GB2312 (1980) has been superseded by GBK and GB18030, which include additional characters, but GB2312 remains in widespread use as a subset of those encodings.
According to a National Standard Bulletin of the People's Republic of China, the National Standard GB 2312-1980 is no longer mandatory, and its standard code is modified to GB/T 2312-1980.
Old GB2312 standard includes 6,763 Chinese characters (on two levels: the first is arranged by reading, the second by radical then number of strokes), along with symbols and punctuation, Japanese kana, the Greek and Cyrillic alphabets, Zhuyin, and a double-byte set of Pinyin letters with tone marks.
There is an analogous character set known as GB/T 12345, closely related to GB2312, but with traditional character forms replacing simplified forms, and some extra 62 supplemental characters.
GB-encoded fonts often come in pairs, one with the GB 2312 (simplified) character set and the other with the GB/T 12345 (traditional) character set.
Characters in GB2312 are arranged in a 94x94 grid (as in ISO 2022), and the two-byte code point of each character is expressed in the kuten (or quwei) form, which specifies a row (ku or qu) and the position of the character within the row (cell, ten or wei).
The value of the first byte is from 0xA1–0xF7 (161–247), while the value of the second byte is from 0xA1–0xFE (161–254).
Since all of these ranges are beyond ASCII, like UTF-8, it is possible to check if a byte is part of a multi-byte construct when using EUC-CN, but not if a byte is first or last.
Compared to UTF-8, GB2312 (whether native or encoded in EUC-CN) is more storage efficient: while UTF-8 uses three bytes per CJK ideograph, GB2312 only uses two.
To map the kuten code points to bytes, add 160 (0xA0) to the row number (ku, the 1000s and 100s place) of the code point to form the high byte, and add 160 to the column number (ten, the 10s and 1s place) of the code point to form the low byte.
The GBK/GB18030 subset is compatible with both GBK and GB18030; GB2312.TXT is the then-official implementation from ftp.unicode.org, which has been obsolete since August 2011 and missing as of September 2016.
For linguistic reasons, the outlying and insular dialects of Midsland (Terschelling), Ameland, Het Bildt, and Kollum are also sometimes tied to Stadsfries.
Since this process began, the West Frisian language itself has evolved, such that Stadsfries is further away from modern Frisian than it is from Old Frisian.
The language also has typical West Frisian words that don't exist (in that sense) in Dutch, usually this concerns domestic words and words from the mainly West Frisian language agricultural sector.
Finally, several words have survived in the Stadsfries language due to Dutch influence that have since disappeared from the West Frisian language.
These words can in fact be used as criteria for deciding whether a Hollandic-West Frisian mixed dialect can still be considered Stadsfries.
No more than a quarter of the city's population (approximately 20,000 people) speaks the language, although that percentage is higher in smaller towns.
In the first half of the twentieth century the town of Heerenveen had a local strand of Stadsfries known as Haagjes Fries, spoken especially around Oranjewoud, near the country home of the Frisian stadhouder.
Use of most dialects (as well as the West Frisian language) is declining, but because West Frisian is considered prestigious and even recognized as a Dutch national language, Stadsfries has become a sociolect of the lower classes, especially in the cities.
With the rise of Standard Dutch in society's upper classes, brought on particularly by education and mass media, Stadsfries stopped being considered a strand of Dutch.
Danilo Türk (; born 19 February 1952) is a Slovenian diplomat, professor of international law, human rights expert, and political figure who served as President of Slovenia from 2007 to 2012.
Türk was the first Slovene ambassador to the United Nations, from 1992 to 2000, and was the UN Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs from 2000 to 2005.
He is a visiting professor of international law at Columbia University in New York City, a professor emeritus at the Faculty of Law of the University of Ljubljana, and non-resident senior fellow of Chongyang Institute for Financial studies at Renmin University of China in Beijing.
He is also the chairman of the Global High Level Panel on Water and Peace and the chairman of the board of the Global Fairness Initiative, a Washington-based NGO dedicated to economic and social development in developing nations.
After graduation (1975) he served as the secretary of the commission for minority and expatriate affairs at the Socialist Alliance of Working People (SZDL), an organisation sponsored by Yugoslav Communist Party.
In 1982, he obtained his PhD with a dissertation on the principle of non-intervention in international law at the University in Ljubljana and received a full-time job as an assistant professor at the University in Ljubljana's Faculty of Law.
Between 1986 and 1992, he served in a personal capacity as a member the UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities and was the UN Special Rapporteur on the Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
In 1987 he initiated the establishment of the Council for Human Rights in Slovenia and served until 1992 as the council’s vice-chairman.
During this time, he secured the election of Slovenia to the UN Security Council (1998–1999) and was president of the United Nations Security Council in August 1998 and November 1999.
In 2005 he returned to Slovenia and became a professor of international law; from May 2006 to December 2007 he served as the vice dean of student affairs at the University of Ljubljana's Faculty of Law.
In the first round of the presidential elections, held on 21 October 2007, he placed second with 24.54% of the votes, which brought him into the runoff against the centre right candidate Lojze Peterle (who received 28.50% of the popular vote).
He won the runoff on 11 November 2007 with 68.2% of the votes, becoming the third president of Slovenia on December 23, 2007.
Türk ran for reelection in 2012, but lost the election to Borut Pahor in a second round of voting, held on 2 December 2012.
He was later also supported by Prime Minister Miro Cerar and President Borut Pahor, as well as by Speaker of the National Assembly of Slovenia Milan Brglez (also a professor at the University of Ljubljana).
In accordance with the UN procedure, the government of Slovenia nominated Danilo Türk as candidate for UN Secretary-General on 8 February 2016.
He served as the first Permanent Representative of the Republic of Slovenia to the UN and remained in New York as ambassador for eight years, from 1992 until 2000.
His work was recognised by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who chose Türk as one of his close advisors and appointed him Assistant Secretary-General in 2000.
He served in this position until 2005, when he returned to Slovenia to teach international law at the University of Ljubljana.
Türk has long been recognised as an expert and global advocate for human rights and his work has been connected with human rights and the fight for equality for more than 40 years.
One element of human rights that Turk has been questioned about is the UN's role in the Haiti cholera outbreak that has been widely discussed and criticized.
Peacekeepers sent to Haiti from Nepal were carrying asymptomatic cholera and they did not treat their waste properly before dumping it into Haiti's water stream.
St. Vincent followed this up during the UN informal dialogues by asking Mr. Türk how he would place the pursuit of an effective remedy on his list of priorities.
Following-up at the media stakeout, Inner City Press questioned Türk about his statement that there may be some process going on behind the scenes to pay compensation.
He admits that he values the importance of legal regulation including UN immunity, but he also believes in remedies and fair processes.
This pledge asks the candidates to take action on two human rights violations that have tarnished the United Nations' image: failing to provide remedies for victims of cholera in Haiti, and sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers.
Türk issued a statement responding to Aids Free World and the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, expressing his support for the organizations' efforts.
It is known as city of lights because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kur River, which splits the city in half.
The area has been settled for thousands of years, but the current city was founded in 1948, partly by German soldiers who were taken prisoner during World War II.
Despite the fact that Mingachevir is a young town, the territory where the town is located is known as an ancient abode.
It was the chairman of the Caucasus archeological committee, A. I. Berje, who first gave information about the archeological monuments of Mingachevir at the second congress of archeologists in St Petersburg in 1871.
Archeological excavations were carried out from April 1946 to August 1953 by a group of archeologists headed by S. M. Qaziyev in connection with the construction of the Mingachevir hydroelectric power station under a decision by the Supreme Board of the Azerbaijani Academy of Sciences.
Over 20,000 historical monuments – graves and tumuli, means of production, things related to daily life, jewelry etc., which reflected historical periods in chronological sequence, were found during the excavations.
The majority of these finds are currently exhibited in the Azerbaijani Historical Museum, while part of them is held at the Mingachevir Historical Museum.
Historical sources indicate that a fierce battle took place between the powerful army of Roman commander Pompey and the army of Albanian governor Oris just on the territory of the current dam on the bank of the River Kur in the 1st century BC.
Renowned Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi, who lived in the 17th century AD, wrote about Mingachevir and described it as a large settlement on the right bank of the River Kur near the Bozdag Mountain.
A great number of people came to Mingachevir from all districts in Azerbaijan in connection with the construction of the Mingachevir hydroelectric power station, and a total of 20,000 people took part in the construction of this power station.
About 10,000 German POWs were among those who contributed to the construction of the power station by the end of the 1940s.
The most experienced specialists of the country were involved in the construction of this building site as the biggest hydroelectric power station of the then Soviet Union.
The population of the town currently stands at 120,000 people, including 20,000 internally displaced people from Karabakh and the occupied adjacent districts.
Mingachevir is situated 55 meters above sea level on the foothill of the southeast of the Bozdag Mountain chain and on the edge of the Mingachevir reservoir in the Kur-Araz lowland in central Azerbaijan.
The average annual temperature is 14 - 15 °C, highest temperature 42 °C (July–August) and the lowest temperature (January–February) -10 °C.
The town lies on both banks of the River Kur - a 1515 km-long river, which is the biggest and longest one in the South Caucasus.
It is currently considered to be the fourth city of the country both for its economic potential and the number of inhabitants, it is one of the most important cities of the republic in terms of energy, industry, science, education and culture.
As of 2008, Mingachevir fish farm functions in the city, which farms three types of fishes, including carp, silver carp and sturgeon.
The hydroelectric power stations soil dam, whose total capacity is 15.6 cubic kilometers of water, is one of the highest dams in Europe that was constructed through sprinkling.
The length of the reservoir is 70 km, width from 3 to 18 km, deepest point about 75 meters and total area 605 km².
Apart from the River Kur, the reservoir feeds two channels of the 172 km-long Upper Qarabag Channel and the 123 km-long Upper Sirvan Channel.
The Varvara reservoir and the Varvara hydroelectric power station are in 20 km east from the Mingachevir reservoir on the River Kur.
According to the 2009 census, the total population of the city is 96,304, including 95,700 Azerbaijanis, 413 Russians, 52 Lezgins and others.
There are also singing and music circles, as well as training courses on computers, tailoring, board games and arts in the clubhouses.
There are 8 clubhouses, including the Martyr Azar Niftaliyev clubhouse, Samad Vurgun clubhouse, Nariman Narimanov clubhouse and others, in the town.
The city is also home to Mingachevir Gallery, which includes 310 works of art by Azerbaijani and Russian artists, including works by Mikhail Vrubel and Ilya Repin.
The area was not surrounded by water until a storm in February 1825, which caused a connection between the North Sea and the fjord Limfjorden.
Geographically, it is the second largest island of Denmark after Zealand (excluding Greenland) with a population of 296,700 on 1 January 2014.
Danes rarely refer to the area as a whole, but more often to the three constituent districts or to North Jutland (which also includes an area south of the Limfjord).
The names can all be considered ad hoc creations, as a traditional name for the island as a geographical unity is lacking.
The island has six fixed transport links to the mainland (four road bridges, one road tunnel and one rail bridge) and is therefore not so separated transport-wise.
The North Jutlandic Island was formerly a tied island, connected to the Jutland Peninsula by the narrow sand tombolo of Agger Tange between c. 1200 and 1825.
The area became an island again on 3 February 1825, when the North Sea broke through the Agger Tange in its far southwest, cutting off the area from mainland Jutland and creating the Agger Channel.
The syssel was a medieval sub-division which is regarded as the oldest administrative unity in Denmark, existing since before the middle ages.
Since 1 January 2007, when the Danish municipal reform took effect, these areas along with Himmerland and the islands of Mors and Læsø have constituted the North Jutland Region, being the smallest of Denmark's five regions by population.
The term North West Jutland refers to Thy, Mors, and the parts of mainland Jutland bordering the western Limfjord, such as the peninsula of Salling and around the towns of Struer and Lemvig.
During the Spanish Civil War, he served as an ambulance driver for the Republicans as part of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
The 16,800-seat Lakewood Church building, home to four English-language services and two Spanish-language services per week, is located at the former Compaq Center.
John was a Southern Baptist minister, but after experiencing baptism in the Holy Spirit, he founded Lakewood as a church for charismatic Baptists.
In late 2003, the church signed a long-term lease with the city of Houston to acquire the Compaq Center, a 29-year-old former sports arena.
It is a 16,800-seat facility in southwest downtown Houston along U.S. Highway 59, that has twice the capacity of its former sanctuary.
The church also holds in account the belief in the Trinity, as well as the recognition of the death of Christ on the cross and resurrection.
It is also known, before every sermon, for a confession (originally led by John and continued by Joel) which the congregation repeats in unison.
On Wednesday nights, the Associate Pastors John Gray, Paul Osteen, Lisa Osteen Comes, Nick Nilson, Craig Johnson, or guest speakers preach.
The church's weekly services are broadcast on Trinity Broadcasting Network and Daystar Television Network, as well as local channels in most major U.S. markets.
Osteen's sermons and writings are sometimes noted for promoting prosperity theology, or the prosperity gospel, a belief that material gain is a reward for pious Christians.
However, when asked if he is a prosperity teacher, Osteen responded that if prosperity means God wants people to be blessed and healthy and have good relationships, then he considers himself a prosperity teacher, but if it is about money, he does not.
I think prosperity, and I've said it 1,000 times, it's being healthy, it's having great children, it's having peace of mind.
Money is part of it; and yes, I believe God wants us to excel ... to be blessed so we can be a bigger blessing to others.
I wrote a book and sold millions of copies; and Victoria and I were able to help more people than we ever dreamed of.
During the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, Osteen received significant criticism in response to not making Lakewood Church, a 606,000 sq.
At only 26 years old, Jaeger was called to the professorial chair in Greek at the University of Basel in Switzerland once held by Friedrich Nietzsche.
He then moved to Harvard University to continue his edition of the Church father Gregory of Nyssa on which he had started before World War I. Jaeger would remain in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until his death.
Jaeger's position concerning the history of the interpretation of Plato and Aristotle has been summarized effectively by Harold Cherniss of Johns Hopkins University.
In general, the history of the interpretation of Plato and Aristotle has largely followed the outline of those who subscribe to the position that (a) Aristotle was sympathetic to the reception of Plato's early dialogues and writings, that (b) Aristotle was sympathetic to the reception of Plato's later dialogues and writings, and (c) various combinations and variations of these two positions.
Therein Cherniss believed Jaeger to be contrary to Leisegang, and Leisegang was unsympathetic to compatibility between Plato and Aristotle in both (a) and (b) above.
He said:” The fructifying power of the Zoroastrian concepts is suggested by the fact the in the fifth century the Greeks of the mainland were ”apparently more than a century behind the times in comparison with the enlightened cosmological though of the Ionians.
Tidworth is a garrison town and civil parish in south-east Wiltshire, England, located along the A338 and close to the A303.
Situated at the eastern edge of Salisbury Plain, it is approximately west of Andover, south of Marlborough, south of Swindon, north by north-east of Salisbury and east of Amesbury.
Tidworth has a small commercial area containing two supermarkets (a Lidl and a large Tesco), two veterinary surgeries, a pharmacy, and other shops and services.
In 2003 a new medical centre was completed, the cost being split between the Ministry of Defence and the NHS, as it serves the armed forces and their dependants within the surrounding area.
Tidworth has one of the lowest crime rates per thousand in Wiltshire, and between the years of 1990 and 2004 only one major crime took place.
When the boundary between Wiltshire and Hampshire was redrawn in 1992, the distinction between North Tidworth and South Tidworth vanished, and the entire town became part of Wiltshire, though remaining part of the Hampshire postal county.
A description of it, including actions taken to address a suspected meningitis outbreak, is provided by Arthur Bullock, who spent around a week there in 1918.
The Anglican Church of the Holy Trinity was rebuilt in the 15th century on the site of a church from the 12th or 13th centuries.
It was found in tests that the unusually long engine room was liable to collapse, so there were extra large frames in this section, which proved to be something of an operational inconvenience.
Each submarine's armament consisted of eight 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes; six in the bow, and two in the stern.
Initially, up to 30 Mark 8 or Mark 23 torpedoes were carried, although these were replaced in the 1970s by the Mark 24 Tigerfish torpedo.
They are single-pass membrane-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.
Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses.
The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13, though the last three are not found in humans.
The ability of the immune system to recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens is, in part, due to the presence of immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on the membranes of leukocytes including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, cells of the adaptive immunity T cells, and B cells, and non immune cells (epithelial and endothelial cells, and fibroblasts).
The binding of ligands - either in the form of adjuvant used in vaccinations or in the form of invasive moieties during times of natural infection - to the TLR marks the key molecular events that ultimately lead to innate immune responses and the development of antigen-specific acquired immunity.
Upon activation, TLRs recruit adapter proteins (proteins that mediate other protein-protein interactions) within the cytosol of the immune cell in order to propagate the antigen-induced signal transduction pathway.
These recruited proteins are then responsible for the subsequent activation of other downstream proteins, including protein kinases (IKKi, IRAK1, IRAK4, and TBK1) that further amplify the signal and ultimately lead to the upregulation or suppression of genes that orchestrate inflammatory responses and other transcriptional events.
If the ligand is a bacterial factor, the pathogen might be phagocytosed and digested, and its antigens presented to CD4+ T cells.
In the case of a viral factor, the infected cell may shut off its protein synthesis and may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Toll-like receptors have also been shown to be an important link between innate and adaptive immunity through their presence in dendritic cells.
TLRs are a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens but distinguishable from host molecules, collectively referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Proteins with subgroup 1 TIR domains are receptors for interleukins that are produced by macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells and all have extracellular Immunoglobulin (Ig) domains.
A third subgroup of proteins containing TIR domains consists of adaptor proteins that are exclusively cytosolic and mediate signaling from proteins of subgroups 1 and 2.
Molecular building blocks of the TLRs are represented in bacteria and in plants, and plant pattern recognition receptors are well known to be required for host defence against infection.
Members of the TLR family were detected on glia, neurons and on neural progenitor cells in which they regulate cell-fate decision.
Thirteen TLRs (named simply TLR1 to TLR13) have been identified in humans and mice together, and equivalent forms of many of these have been found in other mammalian species.
For example, a gene coding for a protein analogous to TLR10 in humans is present in mice, but appears to have been damaged at some point in the past by a retrovirus.
Other non-mammalian species may have TLRs distinct from mammals, as demonstrated by the anti-cell-wall TLR14, which is found in the Takifugu pufferfish.
Vertebrate TLRs are divided by similarity into the families of TLR 1/2/6/10/14/15, TLR 3, TLR 4, TLR 5, TLR 7/8/9, and TLR 11/12/13/16/21/22/23.
The fly response to fungal or bacterial infection occurs through two distinct signalling cascades, one of which is the toll pathway and the other is the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway.
The toll pathway is similar to mammalian TLR signalling, but unlike mammalian TLRs, toll is not activated directly by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Its receptor ectodomain recognizes the cleaved form of the cytokine Spätzle, which is secreted in the haemolymph as an inactive dimeric precursor.
Signal from TICS is then transduced to Cactus (homologue of mammalian IκB), phosphorylated Cactus is polyubiquitylated and degraded, allowing nuclear translocation of DIF (dorsal-related immunity factor; a homologue of mammalian NF-κB) and induction of transcription of genes for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as Drosomycin.
To explore the role of this pathway in retroviral reprograming, knock down techniques of TLR3 or TRIF were prepared, and results showed that only the TLR3 pathway is required for full induction of target gene expression by the retrovirus expression vector.
This is supported by study, which shows, that efficiency and amount of human iPSC generation, using retroviral vectors, is reduced by knockdown of the pathway with peptide inhibitors or shRNA knockdown of TLR3 or its adaptor protein TRIF.
Taken together, stimulation of TLR3 causes great changes in chromatin remodeling and nuclear reprogramming, and activation of inflammatory pathways is required for these changes, induction of pluripotency genes and generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) colonies.
TLR11 in mouse intestine recognizes the flagellun protein flagellin, causing dimerization of the receptor, activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory cytokines.
Toll-like receptors bind and become activated by different ligands, which, in turn, are located on different types of organisms or structures.
They also have different adapters to respond to activation and are located sometimes at the cell surface and sometimes to internal cell compartments.
Because of the specificity of toll-like receptors (and other innate immune receptors) they cannot easily be changed in the course of evolution, these receptors recognize molecules that are constantly associated with threats (i.e., pathogen or cell stress) and are highly specific to these threats (i.e., cannot be mistaken for self molecules that are normally expressed under physiological conditions).
Pathogen-associated molecules that meet this requirement are thought to be critical to the pathogen's function and difficult to change through mutation; they are said to be evolutionarily conserved.
Somewhat conserved features in pathogens include bacterial cell-surface lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoproteins, lipopeptides, and lipoarabinomannan; proteins such as flagellin from bacterial flagella; double-stranded RNA of viruses; or the unmethylated CpG islands of bacterial and viral DNA; and also of the CpG islands found in the promoters of eukaryotic DNA; as well as certain other RNA and DNA molecules.
The stereotypic inflammatory response provoked by toll Like-Receptor activation has prompted speculation that endogenous activators of toll-like receptors might participate in autoimmune diseases.
TLRs have been suspected of binding to host molecules including fibrinogen (involved in blood clotting), heat shock proteins (HSPs), HMGB1, extracellular matrix components and self DNA (it is normally degraded by nucleases, but under inflammatory and autoimmune conditions it can form a complex with endogenous proteins, become resistant to these nucleases and gain access to endosomal TLRs as TLR7 or TLR9).
Though most TLRs appear to function as homodimers, TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6, each dimer having a different ligand specificity.
TLRs may also depend on other co-receptors for full ligand sensitivity, such as in the case of TLR4's recognition of LPS, which requires MD-2.
A set of endosomal TLRs comprising TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 recognize nucleic acid derived from viruses as well as endogenous nucleic acids in context of pathogenic events.
Activation of these receptor leads to production of inflammatory cytokines as well as type I interferons (interferon type I) to help fight viral infection.
Ligand binding and conformational change that occurs in the receptor recruits the adaptor protein MyD88, a member of the TIR family.
IRAK kinases then phosphorylate and activate the protein TRAF6, which in turn polyubiquinates the protein TAK1, as well as itself in order to facilitate binding to IKK-β.
On binding, TAK1 phosphorylates IKK-β, which then phosphorylates IκB causing its degradation and allowing NFκB to diffuse into the cell nucleus and activate transcription and consequent induction of inflammatory cytokines.
Meanwhile, activation of RIPK1 causes the polyubiquitination and activation of TAK1 and NFκB transcription in the same manner as the MyD88-dependent pathway.
In all, thousands of genes are activated by TLR signaling, and collectively, the TLRs constitute one of the most pleiotropic yet tightly regulated gateways for gene modulation.
Complex consisting of TLR4, MD2 and LPS recruits TIR domain-containing adaptors TIRAP and MyD88 and thus initiates activation of NFκB (early phase) and MAPK.
This TRIF-dependent pathway again leads to IRF3 activation and production of type I interferons, but it also activates late-phase NFκB activation.
Several TLR ligands are in clinical development or being tested in animal models as vaccine adjuvants, with the first clinical use in humans in a recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in 2017, which contains a monophosphoryl lipid A component.
When microbes were first recognized as the cause of infectious diseases, it was immediately clear that multicellular organisms must be capable of recognizing them when infected and, hence, capable of recognizing molecules unique to microbes.
A large body of literature, spanning most of the last century, attests to the search for the key molecules and their receptors.
It followed logically that there must be receptors for such molecules, capable of alerting the host to the presence of infection, but these remained elusive for many years.
The first reported human toll-like receptor was described by Nomura and colleagues in 1994, mapped to a chromosome by Taguchi and colleagues in 1996.
However, in 1991 (prior to the discovery of TIL) it was observed that a molecule with a clear role in immune function in mammals, the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor, also had homology to drosophila toll; the cytoplasmic portions of both molecules were similar.
In 1997, Charles Janeway and Ruslan Medzhitov showed that a toll-like receptor now known as TLR4 could, when artificially ligated using antibodies, induce the activation of certain genes necessary for initiating an adaptive immune response.
These workers used positional cloning to prove that mice that could not respond to LPS had mutations that abolished the function of TLR4.
In turn, the other TLR genes were ablated in mice by gene targeting, largely in the laboratory of Shizuo Akira and colleagues.
Each TLR is now believed to detect a discrete collection of molecules – some of microbial origin, and some products of cell damage – and to signal the presence of infections.
Valdemar Poulsen (23 November 1869 – 23 July 1942) was a Danish engineer who made significant contributions to early radio technology.
He developed a magnetic wire recorder called the telegraphone in 1898 and the first continuous wave radio transmitter, the Poulsen arc transmitter, in 1903, which was used in some of the first broadcasting stations until the early 1920s.
Magnetic wire recording, and its successor, magnetic tape recording, involve the use of a magnetizable medium which moves past a recording head.
An electrical signal, which is analogous to the sound that is to be recorded, is fed to the recording head, inducing a pattern of magnetization similar to the signal.
A playback head (which may be the same as the recording head) can then pick up the changes in the magnetic field from the tape and convert them into an electrical signal.
Poulsen obtained a Telegraphone patent in 1898, and with his assistant, Peder Oluf Pedersen, later developed other magnetic recorders that recorded on steel wire, tape, or disks.
None of these devices had electronic amplification, but the recorded signal was easily strong enough to be heard through a headset or even transmitted on telephone wires.
At the 1900 World's Fair in Paris, Poulsen had the chance to record the voice of Emperor Franz Josef of Austria which is believed to be the oldest surviving magnetic audio recording today.
The Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal was awarded each year for outstanding research in the field of radio techniques and related fields by the .
The award was presented on November 23, the anniversary of his birth, and Poulsen himself received the inaugural award in 1939.
In mathematics, extrapolation is a type of estimation, beyond the original observation range, the value of a variable on the basis of its relationship with another variable.
It is similar to interpolation, which produces estimates between known observations, but extrapolation is subject to greater uncertainty and a higher risk of producing meaningless results.
Extrapolation may also apply to human experience to project, extend, or expand known experience into an area not known or previously experienced so as to arrive at a (usually conjectural) knowledge of the unknown (e.g.
Linear extrapolation will only provide good results when used to extend the graph of an approximately linear function or not too far beyond the known data.
It is possible to include more than two points, and averaging the slope of the linear interpolant, by regression-like techniques, on the data points chosen to be included.
A polynomial curve can be created through the entire known data or just near the end (two points for linear extrapolation, three points for quadratic extrapolation, etc.).
Polynomial extrapolation is typically done by means of Lagrange interpolation or using Newton's method of finite differences to create a Newton series that fits the data.
For the example data set and problem in the figure above, anything above order 1 (linear extrapolation) will possibly yield unusable values; an error estimate of the extrapolated value will grow with the degree of the polynomial extrapolation.
French curve extrapolation is a method suitable for any distribution that has a tendency to be exponential, but with accelerating or decelerating factors.
This method has been used successfully in providing forecast projections of the growth of HIV/AIDS in the UK since 1987 and variant CJD in the UK for a number of years.
Typically, the quality of a particular method of extrapolation is limited by the assumptions about the function made by the method.
In terms of complex time series, some experts have discovered that extrapolation is more accurate when performed through the decomposition of causal forces.
This divergence is a specific property of extrapolation methods and is only circumvented when the functional forms assumed by the extrapolation method (inadvertently or intentionally due to additional information) accurately represent the nature of the function being extrapolated.
For particular problems, this additional information may be available, but in the general case, it is impossible to satisfy all possible function behaviors with a workably small set of potential behavior.
This transform exchanges the part of the complex plane inside the unit circle with the part of the complex plane outside of the unit circle.
Another problem of extrapolation is loosely related to the problem of analytic continuation, where (typically) a power series representation of a function is expanded at one of its points of convergence to produce a power series with a larger radius of convergence.
Also, one may use sequence transformations like Padé approximants and Levin-type sequence transformations as extrapolation methods that lead to a summation of power series that are divergent outside the original radius of convergence.
If this data needs to be convoluted to a known kernel function, the numerical calculations will increase Nlog(N) times even with fast Fourier transform (FFT).
Extrapolation arguments are informal and unquantified arguments which assert that something is true beyond the range of values for which it is known to be true.
For example, we believe in the reality of what we see through magnifying glasses because it agrees with what we see with the naked eye but extends beyond it; we believe in what we see through light microscopes because it agrees with what we see through magnifying glasses but extends beyond it; and similarly for electron microscopes.
Like slippery slope arguments, extrapolation arguments may be strong or weak depending on such factors as how far the extrapolation goes beyond the known range.
The Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP) was founded on 10 November 1975 by Resolution 3376 of the United Nations General Assembly in order to formulate a programme to enable the Palestinian people to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination, to national independence and sovereignty, and the right of Palestine refugees to return.
In recent years the General Assembly has requested the Committee to monitor the situation relating to the question of Palestine and make recommendations to the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Secretary-General.
The Committee continues to advocate the realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, promote a just and peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and mobilize assistance to the Palestinians.
The Committee convenes international meetings and conferences in various regions of the world, bringing together representatives of Governments, intergovernmental and civil society organizations, United Nations system entities, academics, the media and others.
In conjunction with the Division for Palestinian Rights of the United Nations Secretariat, the Committee organizes commemorative activities for the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People held on 29 November each year.
The international day commemorates the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 181 (II) in 1947, which advocated for the partition of Palestine into two States: one Arab and one Jewish.
The Member state are Afghanistan, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Cyprus, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and Venezuela.
The observers at the Committee meetings are Algeria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam and Yemen, as well as the African Union (AU), the League of Arab States (LAS), the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and State of Palestine.
Thematic apperception test (TAT) is a projective psychological test developed during the 1930s by Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan at Harvard University.
Proponents of the technique assert that subjects' responses, in the narratives they make up about ambiguous pictures of people, reveal their underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world.
The TAT was developed by American psychologist Murray and lay psychoanalyst Morgan at the Harvard Clinic at Harvard University during the 1930s.
She reported that when her son was ill, he spent the day making up stories about images in magazines and she asked Murray if pictures could be employed in a clinical setting to explore the underlying dynamics of personality.
Murray wanted to use a measure that would reveal information about the whole person but found the contemporary tests of his time lacking in this regard.
The rationale behind the technique is that people tend to interpret ambiguous situations in accordance with their own past experiences and current motivations, which may be conscious or unconscious.
Murray reasoned that by asking people to tell a story about a picture, their defenses to the examiner would be lowered as they would not realize the sensitive personal information they were divulging by creating the story.
After 3 versions of the test (Series A, Series B, and Series C), Morgan and Murray decided on the final set of pictures, Series D, which remains in use today.
Although she was given first authorship on the first published paper about the TAT in 1935, Morgan did not receive authorship credit on the final published instrument.
Reportedly, her role in the creation of the TAT was primarily in the selection and editing of the images, but due to the primacy of the name on the original publication the majority of written inquiries about the TAT were addressed to her; since most of these letters included questions that she could not answer, she requested that her name be removed from future authorship.
In this chapter, multiple characters inspect the same image (a Doubloon), but each character has vastly different interpretations of the imagery—Ahab sees symbols of himself in the coin, while the religiously devout Starbuck sees the Christian Trinity.
Other characters provide interpretations of the image that give more insight into the characters themselves based on their interpretations of the imagery.
Later, in the 1970s, the Human Potential Movement encouraged psychologists to use the TAT to help their clients understand themselves better and stimulate personal growth.
If these elements are omitted, particularly for children or individuals of low cognitive abilities, the evaluator may ask the subject about them directly.
Some of the cards show male figures, some female, some both male and female figures, some of ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and some show no human figures at all.
One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both a scene and a story about the given scene from the storyteller.
Although the cards were originally designed to be matched to the subject in terms of age and gender, any card may be used with any subject.
Murray hypothesized that stories would yield better information about a client if the majority of cards administered featured a character similar in age and gender to the client.
cards, either using cards that they feel are generally useful, or that they believe will encourage the subject's expression of emotional conflicts relevant to their specific history and situation.
However, the examiner should aim to select a variety of cards in order to get a more global perspective of the storyteller and to avoid confirmation bias (i.e., finding only what you are looking for).
Many of the TAT drawings consist of sets of themes such as: success and failure, competition and jealousy, feeling about relationships, aggression, and sexuality.
There are trends and patterns, which help identify psychological traits, but there are no distinct responses to indicate different conditions a patient may or may not have.
Even when individual scoring procedures are examined, the absence of standardization or norms make it difficult to compare the results of validity and reliability research across studies.
Murstein explained that different cards may be more or less useful for specific clinical questions and purposes, making the use of one set of cards for all clients impractical.
Internal consistency, a reliability estimate focusing on how highly test items correlate to each other, is often quite low for TAT scoring systems.
In contrast to traditional test items, which should all measure the same construct and be correlated to each other, each TAT card represents a different situation and should yield highly different response themes.
Both inter-rater reliability (the degree to which different raters score TAT responses the same) and test–retest reliability (to degree to which individuals receive the same scores over time) are highly variable across scoring techniques.
However, Murray asserted that TAT answers are highly related to internal states such that high test-retest reliability should not be expected.
That is, the validity of the test would be ascertained by seeing how clinician's decisions were assisted based on the TAT.
For example, one study indicated that clinicians classified individuals as clinical or non-clinical at close to chance levels (57% where 50% would be guessing) based on TAT data alone.
Despite the conflicting information about the psychometric characteristics of the TAT, proponents have argued that the TAT should not be judged using traditional standards of reliability and validity.
For example, it has been argued that the purpose of the TAT is to reveal a wide range of personality characteristics and complex, nuanced patterns, as opposed to traditional psychological tests that are designed to measure unitary and narrow constructs.
First, they noted that traditional views of reliability may limit the validity of a measure (such as occurs with multi-faceted concepts in which characteristics are not necessarily related to each other, but are meaningful in combination).
For the TAT, most scales use only a small number of cards (with each card treated like an item) so alphas would not be expected to be very high.
Many clinicians also discount the importance of psychometrics, believing that generalizability of the findings to a given client’s situation is more important than generalizing findings to the population.
Murray's system involved coding every sentence given for the presence of 28 needs and 20 presses (environmental influences), which were then scored from 1 to 5, based on intensity, frequency, duration, and importance to the plot.
Although not widely used in the clinical setting, several formal scoring systems have been developed for analyzing TAT stories systematically and consistently.
Unlike other scoring systems, the PPSS-R only uses six of the 31 TAT cards: 1, 2, 4, 7BM, 10, and 13MF.
The PPSS-R provides information about four different areas related to problem solving ability: Story Design, Story Orientation, Story Solutions, and Story Resolution.
These four areas are assessed by the 13 scoring criteria, 12 of which are rated on a 5-point scale that ranges from -1 to 3.
Individuals can select certain scoring systems if they have the goal to evaluate a specific variable such as motivation, defense mechanisms, achievement, problem-solving skills, etc.
For example, the stories created by the individuals in response to the TAT cards are a combination of three things: the card stimulus, the testing environment, and the personality of the examinee.
For each card, the individual must subjectively interpret the pictures which involves the individual taking their own experiences and feelings to create a story.
With interpretation of the responses, it is important for the clinician to consider some cautions to verify the information is as accurate as possible.
Criticisms include that the TAT is unscientific because it cannot be proved to be valid (that it actually measures what it claims to measure), or reliable (that it gives consistent results over time).
As stories about the cards are a reflection of both the conscious and unconscious motives of the storyteller, it is difficult to disprove the conclusions of the examiner and to find appropriate behavioral measures that would represent the personality traits under examination.
In addition, as the present needs of the storyteller change over time, it is not expected that later stories will produce the same results.
The lack of standardization of the cards given and scoring systems applied is problematic because it makes comparing research on the TAT very difficult.
With a dearth of sound evidence and normative samples, it is tough to determine how much useful information can be gathered in this manner.
Some critics of the TAT cards have observed that the characters and environments are dated, even 'old-fashioned', creating a 'cultural or psycho-social distance' between the patients and the stimuli that makes identifying with them less likely.
Also, in researching the responses of subjects given photographs versus the TAT, researchers found that the TAT cards evoked more 'deviant' stories (i.e., more negative) than photographs, leading researchers to conclude that the difference was due to the differences in the characteristics of the images used as stimuli.
Despite criticisms, the TAT continues to be used as a tool for research into areas of psychology such as dreams, fantasies, mate selection and what motivates people to choose their occupation.
Sometimes it is used in a psychiatric or psychological context to assess personality disorders, thought disorders, in forensic examinations to evaluate crime suspects, or to screen candidates for high-stress occupations.
It is also commonly used in routine psychological evaluations, typically without a formal scoring system, as a way to explore emotional conflicts and object relations.
David McClelland and Ruth Jacobs conducted a 12-year longitudinal study of leadership using TAT and found no gender differences in motivational predictors of attained management level.
The successful male managers were more likely to use reactive power [that is, aggressive] themes while the successful female managers were more likely to use resourceful [that is, nurturing] power themes.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Princess Royal Class is a class of express passenger 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by William Stanier.
The Princesses are related to the GWR King Class, the general outline essentially being a King with a larger firebox supported by additional trailing wheels.
Two were constructed as drawn but the third set of frames was retained as the basis for an experimental turbine locomotive.
The third prototype was constructed with the aid of the Swedish Ljungstrom turbine company and known as the Turbomotive, although not named.
Although 'generally similar' to the rest of the Princess Royals, and 'not all that much different', it used a larger 40 element superheater to give a higher steam temperature, more suitable for turbine use.
The continuous exhaust of the turbine, rather than the sharper intermittent blast of the piston engine, also required changes to the draughting and the use of a double chimney.
Each locomotive was named after a princess, the official name for the class was chosen because Mary, Princess Royal was the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Scots.
They were named after the two children of Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), and his wife, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth, and after the king's death, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother).
Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (later Queen Elizabeth II) was seven years old in 1933 when her namesake was built, and Princess Margaret Rose was nearly five in July 1935 when her namesake was completed.
'Princess Margaret Rose' is owned by The Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust and is on static display at the West Shed Museum, Midland Railway-Butterley, Ripley, Derbyshire.
In Scientology, the concept of the thetan () is similar to the concept of self, or the spirit or soul as found in several belief systems.
In Scientology it is believed that it is the thetan, not the central nervous system, which commands the body through communication points.
According to Scientology, the concept for the thetan was first discovered in the early 1950s by the science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard, drawing on reports by Dianetics practitioners, who in session, found clients came up with descriptions of past-life experiences.
An important goal in Scientology is to develop a greater awareness and higher levels of ability to operate in the physical universe as an Operating Thetan.
Although Hubbard did not name the doctor concerned, there was indeed such an attempt, by Duncan MacDougall, to measure the weight of dying patients to determine the weight of the soul, although MacDougall's experiments took place about fifty years before Hubbard's lectures, not fifteen or twenty, and are generally not regarded as having any scientific validity.
According to Hubbard's son Ronald DeWolf (born L. Ron Hubbard Jr.), his father stated that thetans are immortal and perpetual, having willed themselves into existence at some point several trillion years ago.
Scientologists believe that thetans fell from grace when they began to identify with their creation, rather than their original state of spiritual purity.
Dell deChant and Danny Jorgensen liken Scientology to Hinduism, in that both ascribe a causal relationship between the experiences of earlier incarnations and one's present life.
This has produced multiple universes which have ended and begun in succession, each new one being more solid and entrapping than the last.
The thetans have by now become so enmeshed in the physical universe that many have identified themselves totally with it, forgetting their quadrillions of years of existence and their original godly powers.
Religious scholar Richard Holloway writes that thetans were not created, but they created themselves, adopting and creating the human body as a vehicle or existence.
Events are held at the United Nations headquarters in New York, as well as at the United Nations offices at Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi.
It is generally held on November 29 each year to mark the anniversary of resolution 181 which advocated for the partition of Palestine into two States: one Arab and one Jewish.
Special commemorative activities are organized by the Division for Palestinian Rights of the United Nations Secretariat, in consultation with the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People.
In physics, a dynamical system is said to be mixing if the phase space of the system becomes strongly intertwined, according to at least one of several mathematical definitions.
Furthermore, the stirred mixture is in a certain sense inseparable: no matter where one looks, or how small a region one looks at, one will find 80% cola and 20% rum.
The mixing of gases or liquids is a complex physical process, governed by a convective diffusion equation that may involve non-Fickian diffusion as in spinodal decomposition.
The 1969 Selective Service draft lottery was carried out by mixing plastic capsules which contained a slip of paper (marked with a day of the year).
The A259 is a road on the south coast of England passing through Hampshire, West Sussex, East Sussex and part of Kent.
The road is below the expected standard of a trunk road used by HGVs and a frequent cause of congestion and disruption, and has been documented as one of the most dangerous roads in South England.
The A259 is a busy two-lane road running along the south coast of England; part is roughly parallel to the A27 road.
The A259 runs east from Emsworth in Hampshire, into West Sussex via Chichester, Bognor Regis, Littlehampton, Ferring, Worthing, Lancing, Shoreham-by-Sea, into the Unitary Authority of Brighton and Hove which incorporates Portslade, Hove and Brighton, and on into the East Sussex towns of Peacehaven, Newhaven, Seaford, Eastbourne, Pevensey, Bexhill-on-Sea, Hastings and Rye.
The road has Trunk Road status between Pevensey and Brenzett (A2070) and formed part of the formerly designated South Coast Trunk Road.
Landmarks on the A259 include the Butlins South Coast World in Bognor Regis, Shoreham Power Station, West Pier and the Palace Pier in Brighton, Telscombe Cliffs near Peacehaven and Saltdean, Cuckmere Haven between Seaford and Eastbourne and Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway, which shares the route for from New Romney to Hythe.
In June 2008, a stretch of the A259 between Hastings and Eastbourne was named by EuroRAP as the most dangerous road in the South East of England.
In the summer, this can create significant congestion where goods vehicles between the towns mix with day traffic to popular holiday destinations such as Camber Sands.
What is now the A259 east of Rye was developed after the opening of the Monk Bretton Bridge in 1893, which provided a quicker route through Romney Marsh.
It was extended westwards to Worthing after the local engineering division informed the Ministry of Transport they would like a single number to represent the coast road.
In 1989 the government proposed to dual the road from Pevensey to Bexhill and make other corridor improvements as detailed in their Roads for Prosperity white paper and would have included the following elements: 'Guestling and Icklesham bypass', the 'Winchelsea bypass', 'Rye bypass', 'Ham Street bypass', 'A259 New Romney bypass' and the 'A259 St. Mary's Bay and Dymchurch bypass'.
This scheme along with many others proposed at the time were shelved in 1996-7 after a number of major road protests in the UK.
Plans for a 'Hastings Bexhill bypass' which would have provided a dual-carriageway from the Pevensey roundabout passing to the north of Bexhill and Hastings to join the current A259 near Icklesham at a cost of £120-£130 million were rejected in 2001.
The scheme, which was supported by the South East England Regional Assembly and by the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott was opposed by English Nature who highlighted the damage to a number of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), including the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
They were also concerned about the negative effect the scheme would have on several ancient woodlands and the habitats of the dormouse and great crested newt.
Following the upgrade of the A2070 road in the late 1990s, the section between Brenzett and Folkestone was de-trunked in 2003 (i.e.
In 2008, East Sussex County Council proposed building a new link road between Bexhill and Hastings, to form a long road from its junction with the A259 in Bexhill to a junction with the B2092 Queensway in Hastings.
This was provisionally signed off in July 2009 by the Department for Transport, with the caveat that individual schemes would still need to be assessed for value for money and compatibility with greenhouse gas emission targets.
In addition they objected to the impact on the Combe Haven valley, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, which would be cut in two by the scheme.
The Woodland Trust also objected as the road would seriously impact on the Marline Valley Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest, an ancient ghyll woodland.
This sort of woodland is only found on steep sided valleys and are hugely important for wildlife but are highly sensitive to pollution.
Friends of the Earth were concerned that building roads generates more traffic in the surrounding area and in particular would result in more vehicles using the roads to the north creating pressure in for communities on the approach roads (such as the A21 and the A28).
They also believed is would create pressure to build a 'Hastings Eastern Bypass' which would pass through the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty which they claim is one of Britain's finest landscapes.
When the Bexhill to Hastings Link Road was eventually approved then changes also required to the A21 Baldslow / Queensway (which leads to the link road).
In 2009, Brighton and Hove City Council, Adur District Council and West Sussex County Council and the Shoreham Port Authority proposed to spend a £5million grant from the DfT to 'improve the A259 in relation to a new project to build 10,000 homes scheme.
The Probe was the result of Ford's collaboration with its longtime Japanese partner, Mazda, and both generations of Probe were derived from the front-wheel drive Mazda G platform that underpinned the Mazda Capella.
The Probe succeeded the Ford EXP, and the instrument cluster of the first-generation Probe and pop-up headlight mechanisms were borrowed from the FC RX-7.
Based on the Mazda MX-6 as a sport compact coupe, the Probe was intended to fill the market niche formerly occupied by the Capri in Europe, and it was originally intended to be the fourth generation Ford Mustang in the North American market as a direct competitor with the Acura Integra, Nissan 200SX, and the Toyota Celica.
During that time, Ford's marketing team had deemed that a front-wheel drive platform (borrowed Mazda GD and GE platforms) would have lower costs for production, and also because the platform had been gaining popularity with consumers.
Mustang fans objected to the front-wheel drive configuration, Japanese engineering, and lack of a V8, so Ford began work on a new design for the Mustang instead.
The Probe I, first shown in 1979, was a wedge-shaped design that incorporated a number of drag-reducing features like covered rear wheels and pop-up headlights.
This was followed the next year by a much more conventional looking Probe II, whose hatchback styling was also reminiscent of the pony cars.
The 1981 Probe III was an advanced demonstrator with covered wheels, but its bodywork evolved into the more conventional Ford Sierra (or Merkur XR4Ti) and styling notes that were used on the Ford Taurus.
The 1982 Probe IV was a more radical concept car with a low Cd (drag coefficient), and evolved into the equally radical 1984 Probe V.
After the 1979 energy crisis, the economic slump initiated by high fuel prices prompted Ford to give the Ford Mustang a major redesign.
The new design would be based on a totally new platform introduced to Ford by Japanese automaker Mazda, who had been partnering with Ford since 1971, and whom Ford had owned a 25% stake in since 1979.
Toshi Saito, a North American-based designer working for Ford, took the lead in envisioning styling directions for the front-wheel drive Mustang, and a design by Saito was chosen and finalized in late 1983.
By 1985, Mazda acquired the former Ford Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan and intended to commence production of the two Mazda-badged GD platform cars for North America, the 626 along with the MX-6, and the SN-16, contracted by Ford, in 1987.
The public outcry was immediate, with many Mustang fans and pony car purists detesting the SN-16's Japanese engineering, front-wheel drive platform and lack of a V8 engine, which were anathema to traditional Mustang buyers and enthusiasts.
By 1987, Alex Trotman, the newly-appointed vice president in charge of Ford's North American operations, with strong urging from Ford Marketing vice president Bob Rewey, a dedicated performance enthusiast, decided that in the light of consumer outrage, the SN-16 would not make a suitable Mustang.
At this point, somewhat ironically, Mustang sales, which were lackluster, grew substantially after the article's publication, out of fear that it would be the last opportunity to purchase a traditional RWD V8 Mustang.
While Trotman approved the development of a RWD successor, there were many difficulties, notably that the engineering budget for the Mustang was spent on the SN-16 and Ford was still recovering from a financial crisis of the early 1980s that brought the company close to bankruptcy until the Taurus arrived.
Ken Dabrowski, Ford's small-car line manager, tapped Coletti to lead a skunkworks team that would develop a RWD Mustang successor with the understanding there would not be a full budget to create an entirely new car.
Coletti's team heavily revised the 1979 Fox platform for the new car, which eventually became the fourth-generation Ford Mustang released for the 1994 model year.
However, production for the SN-16 was about to commence, meaning Ford had to put it on sale or lose its development budget along with further potential financial headaches if Ford would break its production contract with Mazda.
It was decided that the SN-16 would be released as the Ford Probe in 1988, taking the name from Ford's line of futuristic concept vehicles, and be sold alongside the Mustang, which would continue production in its then-current form with minor refreshing.
Instead of being aimed as a successor to the Mustang or as a rival to its traditional competitors, the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird, Ford would aim the Probe against popular imported sports coupes of the era such as the Toyota Celica and Honda Prelude.
Japanese models were not in compliance with Japanese Government regulations concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement, resulting in Japanese buyers being held liable for additional taxes as a result.
Sales of the first-generation Probe were successful enough that Ford partnered with Mazda again, with further Ford engineering from the beginning of the project, to create a second-generation Probe for the 1993 model year developed alongside a second-generation Mazda MX-6.
A proposed third-generation Probe, which would have been based on the Ford Mondeo instead of being Mazda-derived, was eventually released as the 1999 Mercury Cougar in the North American market to strengthen the Mercury brand.
However, it is important to note that Ford in North America considered the Escort-based ZX2 the official successor to the Probe and not the Cougar.
After disappointing sales of the Cougar and the waning popularity of front-wheel drive sport coupes in the late 1990s in favor of sport utility vehicles, Ford left the market segment with the 2002 discontinuation of the Cougar, and the 2003 discontinuation of the ZX2.
The first generation Ford Probe was based on the Mazda GD platform, and was powered by a 2.2 L SOHC 4-cylinder Mazda F2 engine.
The 1991 Probe was given a 4-star crash rating in collision tests conducted by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
The Ford and Mazda design teams merged once again to give the Ford Probe a complete redesign for the 1993 model year.
Despite the car being extended 2 inches and widened 4 inches, it was 125 pounds lighter than the first generation Probe.
As first planned during 1992, it finally went on sale in Europe in the spring of 1994, filling the gap left there by Ford in that market sector since the demise of the Capri seven years earlier.
The Capri had regularly been one of Britain's 10 best selling cars throughout the 1970s, but its popularity declined in the early 1980s as Ford launched high performance versions of the Fiesta, Escort and Sierra hatchbacks.
Such was the falling demand for this type of car that by 1986, when the end of Capri production was announced, Ford decided against launching a direct replacement.
The second-generation Probe was designed by a team led by Mimi Vandermolen, who led the interior design of the 1986 Ford Taurus.
However, the late 1980s and early 1990s saw the sales of affordable sports cars recover, first with a rising demand for Japanese built models like the Honda Prelude, Nissan Silvia, Mitsubishi Eclipse, and Toyota Celica, and then with the Volkswagen Corrado and the Vauxhall/Opel Calibra from Ford's direct competitor General Motors.
By 1992, Ford had decided that there was now justifiable demand in Europe for a new affordable sports coupe to be launched.
Ford had been hoping to sell around 20,000 Probes each year in Britain as the car market recovered from the effects of the recession from 1992, but in the three years it was sold there, a total of just over 15,000 were sold - around a quarter of the projected figure for that length of time.
Imports ceased during 1997, and its Cougar successor - launched a year later - was even less successful, being imported to Europe for just two years.
The base model started at just over US $13,000 and came standard with the 2.0L Mazda FS-DE 16-valve 4-cylinder engine, performance instrument cluster with tachometer and full gauge complement, and an electronic AM/FM stereo.
The sportier GT model started at $15,504 and came standard with the 2.5L Mazda K engine KL-DE 24-valve V6, low profile P225/50VR16 91V Goodyear VR50 Gatorback tires, 4-wheel disc brakes, unique front and rear fascias, fog lights, 5-spoke aluminum wheels, leather-wrapped steering wheel, and driver-seat power lumbar/seat back side bolster adjustment.
The V6 engine continued to use the 4EAT, but the 2.0 L I4 engine used a different automatic transmission, the Ford CD4E transmission.
In a coast to coast road test by Automobile Magazine in search of the best cars in the world, the Probe GT scored third place, behind an $80,000 Mercedes-Benz and an $80,000 BMW.
After dropping the Probe Feature Car after only a year of production, Ford carried over the Wild Orchid exterior color for the 1995 model year which was available on all Probe models.
It was essentially nothing more than an appearance package, as performance was identical to the GT, but differences with the exterior were distinct.
Dual racing stripes available in either white or black started at the top edge of the front bumper and continued on to the back lip of the hatch, terminating just below the center light reflector on the rear bumper.
A third-generation model, using the same platform as the Ford Contour, was under development intended for release in mid-1998 as a 1999 model.
It runs south from Ilfracombe on the north Devon coast to Barnstaple, turning south-east to Tiverton then, after a break (the M5 connects the two sections), north east from Taunton in Somerset through Street and Glastonbury, past Frome and then into Wiltshire through Trowbridge, Devizes, Avebury and Swindon.
It then runs through the eastern Cotswolds, via Lechlade, Burford and Chipping Norton and on through Banbury and Daventry before terminating at its junction with the A5 road at the village of Kilsby on the Northamptonshire-Warwickshire border near Rugby.
It was later extended west though Bampton to South Molton, on the route of the former A398, and from South Molton to Barnstaple and Ilfracombe, previously part of the route of the A373.
In the 1970s the route was extended north from Banbury to Daventry, providing a link to the M1 motorway near Crick.
The road passes through the villages of Knowle and Braunton, before becoming dual carriageway standard at Ashford, which continues for the short distance to Barnstaple.
From there it passes the town's railway station then merges with the A39 for a short while before splitting back off near Portmore Golf Park.
The section from Barnstaple to the M5 near Tiverton has been designated the North Devon Link Road, and enables relatively fast access to the Atlantic Highway, relieving pressure on the northern section of the A39 and A358.
This section is a modern, wide single carriageway trunk road (which was de-trunked in 2002), apart from the stretch between Tiverton and the M5, which is dual carriageway.
Tiverton Parkway railway station is situated close to the junction with the motorway in order to give easy rail connections for people driving from north Devon.
Some sections of road are on the alignment of the Devon and Somerset Railway, including the Castle Hill Viaduct over the River Bray, where the stone pillars formerly used to support a lattice girder railway bridge now support the road.
It crosses the Somerset Levels separating Curry Moor from North Moor and Salt Moor, where in flood conditions such as the winter of 2012/2013 the Athelney spillway runs across the road if the drain level at Curry Moor pumping station exceeds 7.1m, making the road impassable.
From there it continues northeast near Cranmore (the home of the East Somerset Railway) and originally passed through Frome, which it now bypasses.
Here it is signposted alternatively via Trowbridge or through North Bradley and Yarnbrook (which could have been reached if the Frome bypass had continued to follow the railway) to merge with the A350 before diverging towards Devizes.
It crosses the A4 at Beckhampton and from here, northwards through Avebury, the A361 has been renumbered the A4361 as it heads for Swindon town centre via Wroughton.
It emerges near Stratton St Margaret, becoming the A361 again at the junction with the A419 which passes northeast of Swindon.
This road links Highworth to Lechlade and has no pavement for the entire length apart from a small section in Inglesham.
The Thames Path National Trail follows the verge for a little over one mile between Upper Inglesham and Inglesham; further north the road crosses the Thames on entering Lechlade, Gloucestershire.
It then enters Banbury from the southwest as an arterial road passing the Banbury Cross, and heading north, the A361 multiplexes on the Southam Road roundabout of the A422.
For about two miles the route is signed as A422, the dual carriageway Hennef Way until Junction 11 of the M40.
Sections of land were purchased in the 1970s after the road was upgraded from the B4038 to the A361 to straighten out some of the sharper corners but the vast majority of these works were never done.
Once the A45 leaves Daventry for Coventry, the remaining section of single carriageway ring road is signed as A361, before it once again turns north to Kilsby to terminate on the A5 at its northern end.
The A361 has been re-numbered the A4361 from its junction with the A4 immediately south of Avebury, northwards — becoming the A361 again at the junction with the A419 which passes north-east of Swindon.
It runs from the A41 at a junction west of Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, through the town to junction 8 of the M1 motorway at Buncefield, and running parallel to the M1 until junction 7, heading south of St Albans, east through Hatfield, Hertford, then across the A10 and into Essex through Harlow, Chipping Ongar and Chelmsford before terminating at Maldon.
The section between the M1 and the Park Street roundabout junction south of St Albans was formerly classified as the M10 motorway.
This was downgraded to A road status on 1 May 2009, following the completion of the M1 widening between junctions 7 and 8 of the M1.
Between the (former) M10 Junction 1 at Park Street, and the A1 junction, the A414 is named the North Orbital Road which reflects the planners' intent to build an outer orbital road around London.
The section of the M25 between the Hunton Bridge Interchange, Watford (J19) and Maple Cross, Rickmansworth (J17) originally opened as the A405 ahead of the completion of the M25.
This route has always connected Hemel Hempstead and Maldon, but over the years it has changed so much that it is almost completely new.
The original route from Hemel Hempstead to St Albans followed the course of what is now the A4147, then from St Albans to Hatfield on the course of what are now the A1057 and B6426.
The villages of Cole Green, Birch Green, and Staines Green were bypassed in the 1990s by a new dual carriageway that linked into the 1970s Hertingfordbury bypass.
On the other side of Hertford, the A414 took what is now the A119 Ware Road, and then diverged along the course of the current B1502 and B181 from Hertford to Stanstead Abbotts.
Between November 2009 and April 2011 the section between junction 7 of the M11 and Southern Way in Harlow was widened from three to four lanes and the Southern way roundabout completely remodelled.
The original A414 road bypassed Harlow to the north, travelling through High Wych on what is now an unclassified road, and travelling through Sawbridgeworth to meet what is now the A1060 at Hatfield Heath, which it followed through to Chelmsford.
In Chelmsford itself, the road numbers have been subject to change several times over the last three or four decades, with the A12, A130 and A414 having been rerouted many times over that period.
The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Coronation Class is a class of express passenger steam locomotives designed by William Stanier.
They were an enlarged and improved version of his previous design, the LMS Princess Royal Class, and were the most powerful steam locomotives ever used in Britain at 2,511 dbhp.
The first ten locomotives of the Coronation class were built in a streamlined form in 1937 by the addition of a steel streamlined casing.
Although a later batch of five unstreamlined locomotives was produced in 1938, most of the ensuing Coronation class were outshopped as streamliners.
Eventually, from 1944 to 1949, all new engines would be built in unstreamlined form and all the streamliners would have their casings removed.
The Coronation class was probably painted in more styles of livery than any other engine class, seven in the LMS era up to 1947 and five more during the British Railways era from 1948 onwards.
That does not mean that all 38 locomotives were painted in all these different styles; many were specific to just a few engines.
The only style that all 38 bore was the British Railways lined Brunswick Green and the entire class was turned out thus between 1955 and 1958.
It was customary on all British mainline journeys to change engines at convenient locations to avoid the lengthy process of re-coaling.
The Coronation locomotives were therefore strategically stationed at key points between London and Glasgow and they would be assigned to the shed at that location.
Whilst the Coronation class was represented at the 1948 British Railways locomotive exchange trials, designed to compare the performances of similar locomotives from all four of the pre-nationalised companies, the representative engine performed disastrously.
Gone was any hint of the power that could be unleashed by these engines; instead, uncharacteristically low coal consumption was the target.
Not only did the increasing use of diesel locomotives make many of the class redundant, but the electrification of the main line between London Euston and Crewe also resulted in their banishment from this important section of the main line as there was insufficient clearance between the locomotives and the live wires.
Initially, the Chief Mechanical Engineer, William Stanier, planned to build five more Princess Royals, but the Chief Technical Assistant and Chief Draughtsman at the LMS Derby Works, Tom Coleman, argued that it would be preferable to design a new class of locomotive that was more powerful, more reliable and easier to maintain.
When Stanier was called on to perform an assignment in India, Coleman became responsible for most of the detailed design in his absence.
Increased power was obtained by adopting a bigger boiler with greater steam-raising capacity; this included a firebox heating surface of versus 217 sq ft, a flue heating surface of versus 2,299 sq ft, superheater surface area of (some sources say 822 sq ft) versus 598 sq ft and a grate area of versus 45 sq ft. Also, the steam passages were better streamlined for greater efficiency.
In order to allow higher speeds, the diameter of the driving wheels was increased to (from 6 ft 6in) and the cylinder diameters were increased by .
Just as the new design was approaching finalisation, the LMS marketing department created a problem that was close to being insurmountable.
The London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) had recently introduced its streamlined Class A4 locomotive which had captured the imagination of the public, and the marketing department persuaded the board that the LMS's new locomotives should be streamlined too.
This was problematic in that the new design was so large that it only just conformed to the maximum loading gauge for the main line; moreover, it was sufficiently heavy that it was close to the Civil Engineer's maximum weight limit.
Nevertheless, Coleman managed to design a streamlined steel casing that hugged the locomotive so tightly that it could still meet the loading gauge.
The casing was tested in a wind tunnel, and retained after it was found to be as good as other forms of streamlining.
After introduction it was subsequently found that its aerodynamic form failed to disturb the air sufficiently to lift the exhaust from the chimney, thus obstructing the driver's vision with smoke.
The special trainsets that they hauled were painted the same shade of blue and the silver lining was repeated along each side of the coaches.
They were painted in the same shade of crimson lake which had already been applied to the Princess Royal class; the same style of horizontal lining that had been a feature of the first five locomotives was continued, but in gilt.
Although the crimson lake matched the standard LMS rolling stock, there was no attempt to apply the gilt lining along the sides of these coaches.
A prototype trainset was built with such lining for exhibition in America, but it was never put into service due to the outbreak of the Second World War.
Stanier, the designer of the locomotives, felt that the added weight and difficulty in maintenance due to the streamlining was too high a price to pay for the actual benefits gained at high speed.
The names of cities for the locomotives would seem to have been adopted because the LMS was fast running out of names of Duchesses.
These engines were built during 1943 and the average cost was held to £10,908 due to the incorporation of recycled boilers.
During the Second World War, the Materials Committee of the government tried to balance the needs for steel between civilian departments and the War Department when allocating those resources.
The final two locomotives were constructed to the modified design of George Ivatt who succeeded both Stanier, following his retirement, and Stanier's immediate successor Charles Fairburn, who unexpectedly died in office.
The spiralling costs after the Second World War, combined with the design changes, resulted in the individual cost of these locomotives escalating to £21,411.
The original design of tender, which came to be known as Type 'A' was designed for the first ten streamlined locomotives.
These were of welded tank construction and included side sheets extending from the rear of the tender, which had the effect of reducing drag from eddies between the tender and the leading coach.
In practice, it would seem that the side sheets made it more difficult to access the water filler as well as the couplings.
Even without the streamlining Type 'B' tenders were distinguishable from Type 'A' by having a slightly different profile at the front and steps and handrails at the rear.
The design was quickly followed by Type 'C2', which differed from the 'C1' in that it had a lower front edge and was fitted with Timken roller bearings.
Whilst nearly fifteen of the tenders remained wedded to their original locomotives, others received new partners – the very first tender to be manufactured swapped partners seven times.
An unusual feature of all Coronation Class tenders was that they were fitted with a steam-operated coal pusher to bring the coal down to the firing plate.
When this was in operation a plume of steam could be seen rising from the rear face of the coal bunker backwall.
All LMS tenders were given their own unique identity numbers and they tended to be constructed in advance of the locomotives they would be paired with.
46221 had its tender (No.9816) withdrawn ahead of time in 1962; the locomotive was then paired to the Princess Royal tender No.
Following a report by George Ivatt in 1945, smoke deflectors were introduced due to drifting smoke obscuring the crew's forward vision.
George Ivatt's 1945 report also recommended the removal of all streamlining casings and they were removed from the fitted locomotives from 1946 onwards.
It had been found to be of little value at speeds below , and was unpopular with running shed employees as it caused difficulty of access for maintenance.
The first step towards de-streamlining was carried out during the Second World War when many of the streamlined tenders had their side sheets cut away at the rear of the tender.
Initially, locomotives that had previously been streamlined could be readily recognised by the sloping top to the front of their smokeboxes, as well as slightly smaller front-facing cab windows.
In due course all were re-equipped with cylindrical smokeboxes and larger cab windows, often, but not necessarily, at the same time.The first locomotive to receive a cylindrical smokebox was No.
46230-46234 and 46249-46252, but not 46253-46257) the running plates veered downwards at right angles to connect with the buffer beam in the style of the Princess Royal Class.
In order to raise the mileage between general overhauls from 70,000 to 100,000, measures were taken to decrease wear to the axle bearings and hornguides through the use of roller bearings and manganese steel linings.
Other modifications included further superheating area, a redesigned rear frame and cast steel trailing truck, rocking grate, hopper ashpan and redesigned cab-sides.
Prior even to 1910, it commenced installing Automatic Train Control (ATC), a system where each distant signal was accompanied by a ramp between the tracks with which a shoe on the locomotive would make contact as it passed over it.
With the signal at danger, the electric current would be cut off and when the shoe detected this it would activate a warning horn.
It was similar to ATC but relied on an induced magnetic field rather than an electric current and featured a visual indicator in the cab.
The outward evidence of on-board AWS comprised a protective shield behind the front screw coupling, a box to house the necessary batteries immediately in front of the cab on the right-hand side and a cylindrical vacuum reservoir above the right-hand running plate.
The first non-streamlined loco was fitted with mock-up nameplates and numbers for each of the first batch of locos which was then photographed to mimic each individual loco.
The ensuing LMS top coats for the Coronation Class came in two basic colours during this period: Caledonian blue and crimson lake.
Linings for streamliners involved the renowned 'speed whiskers' comprising stripes emerging from a fixed point in the lower centre of the front of the locomotive to run in parallel along the sides.
Wheels, lining to the edges of the bands, and the background to the chromium-plated namelates were painted in a darker blue, Navy or Prussian blue.
6249–6255, constructed without streamlining, were also painted unlined black; the lettering and numerals on all these locomotives was in serif style coloured yellow with red shading.
This represented the proposed post-war livery and the lining, painted on one side of the locomotive only, comprised a pale straw yellow line along the running plate with yellow and black edging to cab and tender.
Throughout 1948 and 1949 the English locomotives (now under the control of the London Midland Region of British Railways) were repainted in BR lined black.
However, the Scottish locomotives based at Glasgow's Polmadie shed, which were under the control of the Scottish Region, were destined for a brighter future.
46232, fresh in LMS-style lined black following its heavy general repair, was called back after a mere four days to be repainted blue.
The Polmadie experiment was upheld by British Railways in 1949 when the somewhat darker BR standard blue was selected for all its large passenger locomotives, despite the fact that the Great Western Railway (GWR), the Southern Railway (SR) and the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) had overwhelmingly painted their locomotives green (the LMS by contrast concentrating on crimson lake).
British Railways undertook a massive programme to establish itself by repainting all its locomotives with their new BR numbers and replacing their previous corporate identity with its own.
Gone were the tenders proclaiming the railway companies' logos, emblems and even coats of arms, to be replaced by the stark lettering.
The enormity of this task meant that the necessary repainting was not necessarily carried out to coincide with an overall repaint.
The decision to adopt blue as the standard colour was subsequently reversed and Brunswick green was introduced in November 1951 with No.
In the late 1950s the decision was made that the London Midland Region's main line locomotives could carry the colour maroon.
46245) were lined out in the LMS style; the last ten received the BR style of lining as used on the standard green livery; No.
46247, originally lined in the LMS style, was given the BR style in July 1959; and by November 1961 those with the BR lining were repainted to match No.
Because of insufficient clearance between the locomotives and the 25 kV overhead electric wires south of Crewe, the whole class was banned from operating under them with effect from 1 September 1964.
This inability of the locomotives to operate on the line for which they were designed was crucial in the decision to withdraw the entire class.
This came to an abrupt end when war was declared in September of that year, as the Government had decreed that in such an event all Britain's largest locomotives would be mothballed for the duration.
As the numbers grew, Crewe North was generally the beneficiary, but in 1946 Carlisle Upperby (12B, 12A from 1958), received an initial allocation of six locomotives.
Camden's allocation was now run down (the remaining locomotives being transferred to nearby Willesden (1A)), whilst Polmadie's was dispensed with entirely.
The bulk of the class was situated at either Crewe North or Carlisle, the Kingmoor shed (12A, 68A from 1958) now being used in addition to Upperby.
The table lists the recorded allocations, but many temporary loans are not recorded – throughout the working life of the class, these may have been considerable.
Six of the 1937–38 batches led a quiet life, being situated at Polmadie for the whole of their lives, apart from their initial spell at Camden.
Just south of Crewe, the train (disputably) achieved a speed of , narrowly beating the previous British record for a steam locomotive (held by the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER)).
The brakes were applied far too late at such a speed and the result was that the train entered a series of crossover points at Crewe much too fast.
2512 had suffered severe damage when the centre cylinder's big end bearing failed, No.6220 was undamaged and was driven back to London the same day at an average speed of , maintaining over 100 mph for several miles.
Even though the load was , the train was propelled up the climbs to the summits at Shap and Beattock at unprecedented speeds.
Drawbar horsepower, representing the power conveyed directly to the 20 coach train, was frequently over and a maximum of was recorded.
Because there were unmeasured variables, the horsepower at the cylinders could only be estimated; Cecil J. Allen thought it to be whilst O. S. Nock was more conservative at .
This sustained power output could not be expected on day-to-day service as it was beyond the shovelling capacity of a single fireman, and two firemen were carried for this test run.
Strangely, the drawbar power output on the stationary test plant at Rugby could only be coaxed up to an absolute maximum of which in retrospect casts doubt on the validity of the methodology.
In that dynamometer cars were to accompany the test trains, whilst coal consumption was to be accurately measured, it was unclear whether the aim was to test the locomotives for power or for efficiency – the two are somewhat incompatible.
The locomotive classes were all pre-chosen by BR, but the various regions were free to choose, within certain parameters, which specific locomotives were to be represented.
On the WR, having arrived at Plymouth from Paddington, the dynamometer crew were amazed that such a large locomotive had consumed so little coal; on the undulating tracks of the SR west of Salisbury, it was alleged that coal consumption was held down by running gently uphill then racing downhill without any attempt to follow the timetable passing times.
Additionally, a photograph of the locomotive leaving Kings Cross, bound for Leeds on the ER, shows the locomotive with so little coal on board that none could be seen even from a somewhat elevated vantage point.
In other publications, driver Byford has been heavily criticised for his lacklustre driving Certainly, Byford was so obsessed with minimising coal consumption that he never attempted to demonstrate any other facet of performance, but when coal consumption was being so accurately measured it was a reasonable assumption to draw that coal efficiency was the predominant requirement.
In the second deadliest railway accident in the United Kingdom, 102 people were killed at the scene and 10 more died later from their injuries; no fewer than 340 people were injured.
The same locomotive suffered a similar failure on 7 March 1948 at Lamington due to dirty and malfunctioning water gauge glasses.
By a matter of a few days, the Western Region had managed to withdraw the whole of its King Class locomotives before the Coronation Class lost its first.
The beginning of the end occurred late in December 1962 when it was deemed uneconomic to proceed with major repairs required by three locomotives.
Only one realistic mainline role was contemplated: to replace the Scottish Region A4 Class on the testing route between Edinburgh Waverley and Aberdeen.
With no credible role, only one option remained: in July 1964 it was resolved that the remaining 19 locomotives were to be withdrawn from 12 September.
Up until March 1964 all the withdrawn Coronation class locomotives were cut up for scrap at Crewe Works, but the simultaneous withdrawal of all nineteen remaining locomotives in the autumn of 1964 (one of which was preserved) was too much to deal with and the work was contracted out to private firms.
J. Cashmore at Great Bridge, Staffordshire, accounted for nine of the batch, the West of Scotland Shipbreaking Company at Troon, Ayrshire, dispatched eight and the Central Wagon Company at Wigan, Lancashire, disposed of the one remaining.
In 1975, following a slow deterioration due to the Minehead's salty atmosphere and the looming maintenance costs, Butlin's signed a twenty-year loan agreement for it to be taken under the wing of the National Railway Museum.
In due course a fundraising appeal allowed an overhaul to take place as a precursor to letting the locomotive operate on the national rail network once more.
After a substantial overhaul, the Duchess was declared fit in 1990 to continue working on the national network and at the same time the museum purchased it outright from Butlins.
The project was completed in 2009, and the locomotive returned to York in May, now wearing its crimson streamlining and pre-war number 6229.
Over the course of the next few years, Bloom spent some £16,000 restoring the locomotive (along with some 20,000 man hours) and in May 1974 it was restored to steam once more.
During 1993 it was moved temporarily to the East Lancashire Railway at Bury near Manchester and whilst there an exercise was undertaken to establish what repairs were necessary and how much they would cost.
It was found that the extensive list amounted to £162,000 and no business plan could be found that would support such expenditure.
In November 1995 the Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust purchased the locomotive for £200,000 (through a third party) and the following February it was transferred to the Trust's premises at the Midland Railway in Butterley, Derbyshire.
In 1998, funded by public donation and the Heritage Lottery Fund, the third party purchaser was paid off and the money was now available to restore the locomotive.
The work was carried out at the railway workshops at Swanwick Junction and in July 2001 the restored locomotive was allowed a trial run on the national rail network, where it promptly broke down and had to be towed home.
Following another overhaul commencing in 2010, the locomotive resumed its steaming duties in 2012 this time wearing BR Lined Green with the early BR crest.
It had originally been intended that 46233 would wear BR green for a year after returning to steam in 2012 before returning to its LMS Crimson lake identity a year later, it would however stay in its BR identity for an additional five years until the end of 2017.
In early 2017 it had its early BR emblem replaced with the later crest and on its cabside it had the yellow cabside stripe applied, (in BR days the stripe was applied to locos which were not permitted to run under the overhead wires south of Crewe).
During repairs which were undertaken at Butterley in 2018 the engine was repainted into its LMS crimson lake identity with its four digit LMS number.
The locomotive received its official naming ceremony in March 1945, although it was well over five years old at the time.
Alderman Wiggins-Davies performed the ceremony at the back end of Birmingham New Street station as the locomotive was too large to be accommodated within the main part of the station.
The city's love for its eponymous locomotive was borne out when, in 1953, Birmingham's Museum of Science and Industry determined that when the opportunity arose it would like to acquire No.
After successive spells at Crewe Works, Nuneaton, Crewe again (for cosmetic overhaul), Saltley depot and the Birmingham Lawley Street container terminal, the locomotive was finally moved to the museum in May 1966.
In 1997 Birmingham City Council decided to close the museum and to construct the brand new ThinkTank museum (since re-christened Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum) in nearby Digbeth.
It differs significantly from the other two preserved locomotives in that it represents the only untouched example of a British Railways Coronation locomotive.
De-streamlining took several weeks, so the date for modifications has been taken as the date when the locomotive was returned to service.
The Citroën C5 is a large family car produced by the French manufacturer Citroën from March 2001 until February 2017, in two generations.
This form actually disguised the hatch, so Citroën had completely reversed the design philosophy from the fastback saloon era of Robert Opron.
Power came from 1.8 and 2.0 litre straight-4 and 3.0 litre V6 petrol engines, as well as 1.6, 2.0 and 2.2 litre direct injection diesel engines.
The major change with this system was the use of electronic sensors to replace the mechanical height correctors seen in all previous hydropneumatic cars.
This allowed the suspension computer to automatically control ride height: at high speed the suspension is lowered to reduce drag and at low speeds on bumpy roads the ride height is raised.
Manual control of ride height was retained, though it was overridden by the computer if the car was driven at an inappropriate speed for the selected height.
In a major break with Citroën tradition, the brakes and steering were no longer powered by the same hydraulic system as the suspension, but the power steering used the same LDS fluid with its own pump.
It has been speculated that the primary driver for this was the cost of developing electronic brake force distribution for the system when the PSA Group already had an implementation for conventional brakes.
Another factor may be the highly responsive nature of 'traditional' Citroën brakes, which some have found hard to adjust to on other hydropneumatic cars, though it is felt by some to be superior.
In September 2004, the C5 underwent a major facelift (new front and rear ends; same centre section) to bring it into line with the look of the new Citroën C4.
The Hydractive suspension improves ride quality, keeps the car levelled, and enables the car to drive on three wheels if one tire is flat.
The second generation C5 was officially unveiled in October 2007, and does not retain the hatchback body style, instead being a regular, three box saloon of an aerodynamic shape.
However, this second generation is often criticised, especially by core Citroën fans, for its German like exterior design, which makes it look more like a German saloon, than a French one.
The C5 Airscape, which was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2007, gave an outlook on the second generation C5.
This C5 won 2009 Semperit Irish Car of the Year, as well as being awarded 2008–09 Japan's Import Car of the Year.
The second generation is available with conventional springs, as well as the hydropneumatic suspension and 2.7L Ford AJD-V6/PSA DT17 engine from the Citroën C6.
In 2009, the 2.7L was replaced by an updated 3.0L unit which, despite offering more power, has improved fuel consumption and emissions.
In 2010, the 2.0L HDi 140 and the 2.2L HDi 173 engines, were replaced by the 2.0L HDi 160 engine, mated to a six speed automatic or manual transmissions to comply with the Euro 5.
Similarly, the 2.0L 16V 143 bhp petrol engine was replaced by the 1.6L THP 155, from the DS3 mated to a six speed manual transmission.
Three engines were added to the range consisting of two diesels, 2.0 HDI 160, and a 2.2 HDI 200 as well as a petrol engine, 1.6 VTI 120.
For the Exclusive, the onboard GPS/radio head was also changed to the eMyWay unit which features full Bluetooth connectivity and iPod/USB interface.
However, this could be due to the model being launched at the start of the financial crisis in 2008, as well as increased demand for crossover models.
It is observed that on these cars two technical entities, the hydropneumatic system and the double wishbone layout, are utilized in conjunction.
Comprising a package of services including the emergency and assistance calls, Citroën eTouch also proposes a virtual maintenance manual and an Eco-Driving service accessible via the MyCitroën personal area on the web.
The system is equipped with a GPS module, and a SIM card, with no need for a call plan and unlimited over time.
RTÉ Radio 1 () is the principal radio channel of Irish public-service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann and is the direct descendant of Dublin radio station 2RN, which began broadcasting on a regular basis on 1 January 1926.
The station is a rare modern example of a mixed radio channel, offering a wide spectrum of programming which is mainly speech-based but also includes a fair amount of music.
Station 6CK, a Cork relay of 2RN, joined the Dublin station in 1927, and a high-power transmitter at Athlone in County Westmeath opened in 1932.
Radio Éireann also carried sponsored programmes, often produced by Leonard Plugge's International Broadcasting Company, which tended to be more popular than programming made directly by Radio Éireann itself.
Run as part of the civil service until 1960, the Broadcasting Authority Act 1960 transferred the station to a statutory corporation, also called Radio Éireann, in preparation for the launch of its sister television station.
In 1971 the station began the phased move from the GPO on O'Connell Street in Dublin city centre, to a new purpose-built Radio Centre at Donnybrook.
When, in 1979, RTÉ established a new rock and pop station under the name of RTÉ Radio 2 (now RTÉ 2fm), the original RTÉ Radio channel was renamed once again and became RTÉ Radio 1.
The LW version of Radio 1, which can also be received across the United Kingdom and parts of Western Europe, is also the only RTÉ Radio service available in parts of Northern Ireland since the closure of Medium Wave.
DAB broadcasts of the station began in the east of the country (from the Clermont Carn and Three Rock Mountain high power transmitters via the RTÉ DAB Multiplex) on 1 January 2006.
Listeners to WRN's English Service for Europe and English Service for North America can also hear a selection of RTÉ Radio 1 programmes.
The LW version of Radio 1 which commenced in 2004, which can also be received across the United Kingdom and parts of Western Europe – and is transmitted on the 252 kHz frequency formerly used by the Atlantic 252 radio station – differs in certain respects from that broadcast on FM, particularly at the weekend, with significant additional sports coverage and religious programming.
As a result of further public pressure, especially from elderly Irish listeners in Britain, churches, the GAA, emigrant groups, and listeners in Northern Ireland who wouldn't all have access to RTÉ on FM or DAB, it was announced in December 2014 that the 252 frequency would be kept going until 2017 at least, and in March 2017 that transmission on longwave would continue until June 2019.
This reduction in power means that interference from the French-language station Alger Chaîne 3 – broadcasting on the same frequency from Tipaza with a daytime power of 1500 kW and 750 kW at night – is considerable, and particularly affects reception of RTÉ Radio 1 on longwave on the south coast of Ireland after dark.
Before 1975, the 612 kHz service (then 611 kHz) originated from Athlone on 490meters AM transmissions continue on Long Wave 252 kHz from Summerhill, Co. Meath, it is aimed to serve Irish people living in Britain and uses the old Atlantic 252 transmitter.
In 2007 a new telefunken tram 300kw transmitter was installed which is capable of DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) broadcasts which can transmit up to 7 services in near fm quality but consumer receivers are not being manufactured.
The 2 original 1989 transmitters were made by continental electronics each 300kw and were tube based.Because there's only one 300kw transmitter now the maximum possible power is 300kw even though the site is licenced for 500kw 24hrs.
Most complaints about the closure of medium wave were from groups such as fishermen and the elderly, also from people who didn't have the Long Wave band on their radios.
Part of the rationale behind closing medium wave, and using long wave to access listeners in hard to reach parts of Ireland and the UK, was that reception would be better in places such as the south of England and London areas which in the past had very poor coverage from RTÉ on medium wave.
The FM service is also available online and from the Astra 2E satellite at 28.2° East on transponder 7 (11.836 GHz horizontal, symbol rate 27500, FEC 5/6, service ID 9611), Freesat channel 750, Sky channel 0160 and Virgin Media channel 917.
Frederick Edward Maning (5 July 1812 – 25 July 1883) was an early settler in New Zealand, a writer, and a judge of the Native Land Court.
His father, Frederick Maning, emigrated to Van Diemen's Land in 1824 with his wife and three sons to take up farming.
It is quite likely that Maning participated in the infamous Black Line and at least witnessed aspects of the Black War.
With Maning's physical skills and great stature, as well as his considerable good humor, he quickly gained favour with the tribe.
He returned to Hokianga in March 1839 and in September purchased 200 acres (0.8 km²) for a farm at Onoke, at the mouth of the Whirinaki River.
In 1840, Maning acted as a translator at meetings about the Treaty of Waitangi, and he advised the local Māori to not sign.
His vocal opposition to the Treaty was primarily because he had settled with the Māori precisely to escape from the restrictions of European civilisation.
He feared that the introduction of European style law would put a damper on his lifestyle and on his entrepreneurial trading activities.
Governor William Hobson countered by telling the Māori that without British Law, lawless self-interested Europeans without any regard for Māori rights would soon take all their land.
In 1845–1846, during the New Zealand Wars, he sometimes used his influence with the Māori to intercede on behalf of settlers.
Maning may even have actually fought with Hone Heke against one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui in the Battle of Te Ahu Ahu.
But this seems unlikely as he was known to have sided with the government and Waka Nene by the end of the war.
In 1865, he entered the public service as a judge of the Native Land Court, where his unequalled knowledge of the Māori language, customs, traditions, and prejudices was useful.
At his wish, his body was taken back to New Zealand and buried in December 1883, in the Symonds Street Cemetery in Auckland.
One of the simplest synthesis methods for furans is the reaction of 1,4-diketones with phosphorus pentoxide (PO) in the Paal–Knorr synthesis.
The sp hybridization is to allow one of the lone pairs of oxygen to reside in a p orbital and thus allow it to interact within the π system.
Research has indicated that coffee made in espresso makers, and, above all, coffee made from capsules, contains more furan than that made in traditional drip coffee makers, although the levels are still within safe health limits.
Exposure to furan at doses about 2000 times the projected level of human exposure from foods increases the risk of hepatocellular tumors in rats and mice and bile duct tumors in rats.
Born in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, the son of John Howard Campbell and Mary Campbell, Campbell was educated there and in Brandon.
In 1922, Campbell defeated several other contenders to become the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM) candidate in Lakeside, north of Winnipeg.
The UFM, which governed as the Progressive Party of Manitoba, was founded on an ideology of non-partisan, managerial government, with special attention to rural concerns.
Bracken's government was expanded into an all-party coalition in 1940, with the Conservatives, Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and Social Credit all holding cabinet positions.
On the latter occasion, Campbell defeated Conservative leader Errick Willis in a vote of the coalition caucuses to become the province's next Premier.
The coalition government ended in 1950, with the Progressive Conservatives (which the Conservatives became after 1942) leaving in protest against Campbell's 'minimal-government' philosophy.
The Manitoba Tories had more or less vanished at the grassroots level during the coalition government, and in the 1953 election, Campbell's Liberal-Progressives won a convincing victory (32 of 57 seats).
After the election, Roblin replaced Willis as leader of the Progressive Conservatives and developed a platform of infrastructural development and modernization.
For all intents and purposes, Campbell's opposition to any sort of state intervention put him further to the right of the Tory opposition by this time.
Campbell often had poor relations with the federal Liberals in the late 1950s, despite the fact that Garson was a powerful cabinet minister for the party.
John Diefenbaker's upset victory of 1957 was partly based on unexpected support from Manitoba—Campbell later claimed that he contributed to the federal Liberal defeat.
The provincial election of 1958 resulted in a hung parliament, with the Tories winning 26 seats against 19 for the Liberal-Progressives, and 11 for the CCF, and one Independent.
When it became apparent that the CCF was instead willing to support the Tories, Campbell resigned as Premier on June 30.
Campbell remained as Leader of the Opposition until 1961, when he resigned as leader of what was by now known as the Manitoba Liberal Party; Gildas Molgat succeeded him.
He continued to serve as MLA for Lakeside until standing down in 1969, and exercised a powerful influence over the Liberals during this time.
His 47 continuous years in the legislature (25 of which were spent either in cabinet or as an opposition frontbencher) remains a provincial record.
Campbell resurfaced in the 1980s as a supporter of populist conservative movements—first the Confederation of Regions Party, and subsequently the Reform Party of Preston Manning.
The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it links the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys.
The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland.
The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford.
The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais.
Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design.
Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242.
The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points.
The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney.
At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan.
It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy.
In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50.
This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun.
This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.
Much of the land on the route is undulating, but despite this, the preferred route alignment is considered to be of high standard and as such allows most of the route to have the national speed limit.
The contract for Section 3 – Brynmawr to Tredegar was awarded to Carillion in March 2010 with planning commencing soon after, it was announced in August 2012 that approval for the scheme to commence had been given and that construction should commence by the end of 2012 with completion due by early 2015.
Planning for Section 2 – Gilwern to Brynmawr started in June 2011 and construction began in January 2015 and was expected to last until 2017.. Construction is continuing in December 2019.
The National Transport Plan, published in March 2010, expected Brynmawr to Tredegar to be completed by 2014 and Gilwern to Brynmawr started by the same date.
The remaining sections from Dowlais Top to the A470, and from the A470 to Hirwaun were to be completed by 2020.
Speaking in the Senedd in August 2010, the First Minister said completion of the A465 upgrade was the ultimate solution to the high number of casualties on the road.
As of December 2019, construction of sections 5 and 6 has not begun and the business case for the project will be reviewed before a final decision is made.
The Turbomotive was a modified Princess Royal Class steam locomotive designed by William Stanier and built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1935.
The turbine was designed to operate into a maximum back-pressure of , allowing a conventional double blast-pipe to provide the boiler draught, and eliminating draught fans, which always seemed to give a disproportionate amount of trouble.
Compared to some other experimental steam locomotives of the era such as the LNER Class W1, Turbomotive was relatively successful, showing a saving of coal compared to a normal reciprocating engine and no hammer blow on the track.
Because steam turbines are highly inefficient when throttled (not a problem on steamships, where turbines typically run at constant output, but a major disadvantage for a railway locomotive which has to run at different speeds), power was instead controlled by turning on a different number of nozzles (from the six available) through which steam was admitted to the turbine.
When a turbine failure occurred in 1949 it was considered uneconomic to repair during post-war austerity measures, so the locomotive was taken out of service pending a rebuild.
On 8 October 1952, after only two months in service, it was the train engine of the double-headed Liverpool and Manchester express involved in the Harrow and Wealdstone railway accident.
Landor is a brand consulting firm founded in 1941 by Walter Landor, who pioneered some research, design, and consulting methods that the branding industry still uses.
Headquartered in San Francisco, the company maintains 26 offices in 20 countries, including China, France, Germany, India, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Singapore, Australia, Japan, South Africa, and the United States.
Landor is a member of the Young & Rubicam Group network within WPP plc, the world's largest advertising company by revenues.
Landor's work includes brand research and valuation, brand strategy and architecture, brand purpose and green design, corporate identity and packaging design, innovation, naming and writing, branded experience, brand equity management, employee engagement, and digital branding.
Some of Landor's earliest designs were beer company logos that earned awards from the Brewers Association of America and the Small Brewers Association.
For Arrowhead, Landor created a tilt bottle with two flat sides that could be poured without being lifted from the table.
He was one of the first to apply consumer research to package design, and relied heavily on observing consumers in real-life situations—even soliciting in-store feedback from shoppers regarding label design.
As Landor's reputation grew, the company's client list expanded to encompass airlines, financial institutions, government agencies, hospitality services, and technology firms.
Over time, Landor broadened its consulting services to offer corporate and product naming, brand positioning and architecture, retail environment design, copywriting, internal brand engagement, digital branding, and BrandAsset Valuator analysis, corporate identity, and package design.
In 1994, the Walter Landor/Landor Collection was established at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
The collection contains business records and personal papers belonging to Walter Landor, oral histories, and portfolio materials such as original designer notebooks.
The Amundsen Sea, an arm of the Southern Ocean off Marie Byrd Land in western Antarctica, lies between Cape Flying Fish (the northwestern tip of Thurston Island) to the east and Cape Dart on Siple Island to the west.
The Norwegian expedition of 1928–1929 under Captain Nils Larsen named the body of water for the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen while exploring this area in February 1929.
The ice sheet which drains into the Amundsen Sea averages about in thickness; roughly the size of the state of Texas, this area is known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE); it forms one of the three major ice-drainage basins of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The ice sheet which drains into the Amundsen Sea averages about in thickness; is roughly the size of the state of Texas and the area is known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE); it forms one of the three major ice drainage basins of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, the others being the Ross Sea Embayment and the Weddell Sea Embayment.
In March 2007, scientists studying the ASE through satellite and airborne surveys announced a significant thinning of the ASE, due to shifts in wind patterns that allow warmer waters to flow beneath the ice sheet.
Scientists have found that the flow of these glaciers has increased in recent years, if they were to melt completely global sea levels would rise by about 0.9–1.9 m (1–2 yards).
Scientist have suggested that the loss of these glaciers would destabilise the entire West Antarctic ice sheet and possibly sections of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The study projected a sea level rise of from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet if all the sea ice in the Amundsen Sea melted.
Measurements made by the British Antarctic Survey in 2005 showed that the ice discharge rate into the Amundsen Sea embayment was about 250 km per year.
A subglacial volcano has also been detected in the area, just north of the Pine Island Glacier near the Hudson Mountains.
It last erupted approximately 2,200 years ago, indicated by widespread ash deposits within the ice, in what was the largest known eruption in Antarctica within the past 10 millennia.
Volcanic activity in the region may be contributing to the observed increase of glacial flow, although currently the most popular theory amongst the scientists studying this area is that the flow has increased due to warming ocean water.
This water has warmed due to an upwelling of deep ocean water which is due to variations in pressure systems, which could have been affected by global warming.
Pine Island Bay () is a bay about long and wide, into which flows the ice of the Pine Island Glacier at the southeast extremity of the Amundsen Sea.
Russell Bay () is a rather open bay in southwestern Amundsen Sea, extending along the north sides of Siple Island, Getz Ice Shelf and Carney Island, from Pranke Island to Cape Gates.
It was mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Admiral James S. Russell, USN, Vice Chief of Naval Operations during the post 1957–58 IGY period.
The Ford Capri is a fastback coupé built by Ford Motor Company between 1968 and 1986, designed by American Philip T. Clark, who was also involved in the design of the Ford Mustang.
It used the mechanical components from the Mk2 Ford Cortina and was intended as the European equivalent of the Ford Mustang.
Although the Capri was not officially replaced, the second-generation Probe was effectively its replacement after the later car's introduction to the European market in 1994.
Production of the Capri began in November, 1968, according to Jeremy Walton's 1987 book, 'Capri - The Development & Competition History of Ford's European GT Car' and the FIA, Recognition No.
The intention was to reproduce in Europe the success Ford had had with the North American Ford Mustang: to produce a European pony car.
It was mechanically based on the Cortina and built in Europe at the Halewood plant in the United Kingdom, the Genk plant in Belgium, and the Saarlouis and Cologne plants in Germany.
The continental model used the Ford Taunus V4 engine in 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 L engine displacements, while the British versions were powered by the Ford Kent straight-four in 1.3 and 1.6 L form.
At the end of the year, new sports versions were added: the 2300 GT in Germany, using a double-barrel carburettor with , and in September 1969 the 3000 GT in the UK, with the Essex V6, capable of .
MacPherson struts were featured at the front in combination with rack and pinion steering (sourced from the Ford Escort) which employed a steering column that would collapse in response to a collision.
Ford began selling the Capri in the Australian market in May 1969 and in April 1970 it was released in the North American and South African markets.
These versions all used the underpowered Kent 1.6 engine although a Pinto straight-four 2.0 L replaced it in some markets in 1971.
An exception, though, was the Perana manufactured by Basil Green Motors near Johannesburg, which was powered by a 302ci V8 Ford Windsor engine.
The Capri was sold in Japan with both the 1.6 L and 2.0 L engines in GT trim, and sales were helped by the fact that this generation was compliant with Japanese government dimension regulations.
The 2.0 litre engine required Japanese owners to pay more annual road tax in comparison to the 1.6 litre engine, which affected sales.
A new 2637 cc version of the Cologne V6 engine assembled by Weslake and featuring their special all alloy cylinder heads appeared in September 1971, powering the Capri RS2600.
This model used Kugelfischer fuel injection to raise power to and was the basis for the Group 2 RS2600 used in the European Touring Car Championship.
The 2.6 L engine was detuned in September for the deluxe version 2600 GT, with 2550 cc and a double-barrel Solex carburettor.
Germany's Dieter Glemser won the drivers' title in the 1971 European Touring Car Championship at the wheel of a Ford Köln entered RS2600 and fellow German Jochen Mass did likewise in 1972.
It was only available in vista orange and was optional dealer fitted with a Ford Rally Sport boot mounted spoiler and rear window slats – a direct link to the Mustang.
The Special also had some additional standard extras such as a push-button radio, fabric seat upholstery, inertia reel seat belts, heated rear screen and black vinyl roof.
One of the last limited editions of the original Mk I, was a version that came in either metallic green or black with red interior and featured some additional extras, such as cloth inserts in the seats, hazard lights, map reading light, opening rear windows, vinyl roof and for the first time a bonnet bulge was fitted to the sub-3.0-litre models.
In 1973, the Capri saw the highest sales total it would ever attain, at 233,000 vehicles: the 1,000,000th Capri, an RS 2600, was completed on 29 August.
On 25 September 1973, Ford gave the green light to the long-awaited RHD RS Capri, replacing the Cologne V6 based RS 2600 with the Essex V6 based RS 3100, with the usual 3.0 L Essex V6's displacement increased to by boring the cylinders from the of the 3.0 L to .
Unlike its predecessor, it used the same double-barrel 38-DGAS Weber carburetor as the standard 3.0 L, and reached the same at 5000 rpm as the RS 2600 and at 3000 rpm of torque.
Only 250 RS3100s were built for homologation purposes between November 1973 and December 1973 so its racing version could be eligible for competition in the over three-litre Group 2 class for the 1974 season However, the car was still competitive in touring car racing, and Ford Motorsport produced a 100-model limited edition with this new engine.
The Group 2 RS3100's engine was tuned by Cosworth into the GAA, with , fuel injection, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder and in racing trim.
After 1.2 million cars sold, and with the 1973 oil crisis, Ford chose to make the new car more suited to everyday driving with a shorter bonnet, larger cabin and the adoption of a hatchback rear door (accessing a 630-litre boot).
This made it the first Ford to feature a hatchback - at a time when the hatchback was becoming increasingly popular in Europe after first being patented by Renault in the mid 1960s.
By the standards of the mid 1970s, the Capri II was a very well evolved vehicle with very few reliability issues.
Although it was mechanically similar to the Mark I, the Capri II had a revised, larger body and a more modern dashboard and a smaller steering wheel.
The 2.0 L version of the Pinto engine was introduced in the European model and was placed below the 2.3 litre V6 and the 3.0 litre V6.
The Capri still maintained the large rectangular headlights, which became the easiest way to distinguish between a Mark II and a Mark III.
Sales of the Capri continued in Japan as it remained compliant with Japanese government dimension regulations, but sales were not as successful as the previous generation.
Available only in black or white, the JPS featured yards of gold pinstriping to mimic the Formula 1 livery, gold-coloured wheels, and a bespoke upgraded interior of beige cloth and carpet trimmed with black.
In May 1976, and with sales decreasing, the intermediate 3.0 GT models disappeared to give way for the upscale 3.0 S and Ghia designations.
In October 1976, the only UK plant producing Capris, Ford's Halewood plant stopped production, and all production of the Capri was moved to the Cologne and Saarlouis factories in Germany, and the Genk factory in Belgium.
The concept of a heavily facelifted Capri II was shown at the 1976 Geneva show: a Capri II with a front very similar to the Escort RS2000 (with four headlamps and black slatted grille), and with a rear spoiler, essentially previewed the model some time before launch.
Similar styling elements were subsequently introduced in the 1979 Cortina 80, 1980 Escort Mk III and the 1981 Granada Mk IIb.
In addition, the Mk III featured improved aerodynamics, leading to improved performance and economy over the Mk II, and the trademark quad headlamps were introduced.
At launch the existing engine and transmission combinations of the Capri II were carried over, with the 3.0 S model regarded as the most desirable model although the softer, more luxurious Ghia derivative with automatic, rather than manual transmission, was the bigger seller of the two V6-engined models.
Ford began to focus their attention on the UK Capri market as sales declined, realising the car had something of a cult following there.
Unlike sales of the contemporary four-door Cortina, Capri sales in Britain were mostly to private buyers who would demand fewer discounts than fleet buyers, allowing for higher margins on the coupé.
Between 1980 and 1983, Ford launched the Fiesta XR2, Escort XR3/XR3i and Sierra XR4i, all of which sold well but their introduction onto the market saw a decline in Capri sales even in the UK.
Several of its competitors had already been discontinued without a direct replacement, most notably British Leyland's MG B which was not directly replaced when the Abingdon factory which produced it was closed in 1980.
Vauxhall had launched coupe versions of its MK1 Cavalier in 1978 but when the MK2 Cavalier was launched in 1981 there were no coupe versions.
On 30 November 1984 production of Capris for the European market ceased, from then on it would only be produced in right-hand drive form for the British market.
Ford had decided not to launch a direct successor to the Capri, as it did not feel that demand for affordable coupes in Europe was sufficient enough for a new Capri to be developed.
Ford was, however, enjoying success with high performance versions of the Fiesta, Escort and Sierra, which appealed mostly to buyers who might have been expected to buy a Capri before 1980.
Ford made a return to the coupe market in Europe when the American built Probe was made available to European buyers from 1994.
Its successor, the Cougar, was also built in the States but was only imported to Europe for two years after its 1998 launch.
The smaller Puma, produced from 1997 to 2002, was more successful, but Ford did not replace it directly, instead launching faster versions of the Fiesta and Focus hatchbacks soon after the Puma's demise.
The Puma was the last coupe that Ford has produced for the European market until the American built Mustang was introduced in both right and left hand drive and sold in both Europe and the UK.
For the 1982 model year, the Essex 3.0 V6 powerplant which had been the range topper since September 1969 was dropped, mainly because of ever more strict emissions regulations, that Ford knew the old Essex V6 design could not meet, a new sporty version debuted at the Geneva Motor Show, called the 2.8 Injection.
Power rose to a claimed , even though tests showed the real figure was closer to , giving a top speed of , but the car still had a standard four-speed gearbox.
The Capri 2.8 Injection breathed new life into the range and kept the car in production 2–3 years longer than Ford had planned.
The four-speed gearbox was replaced with a five-speed unit early on – at the same time Ford swapped the dated looking chequered seats for more luxurious looking velour trim.
At the same time the 2.0 Capri was rationalised to one model, the 2.0 S, which simultaneously adopted a mildly modified suspension from the Capri Injection.
The Mark II and Mark III 3.0 litre X-pack special performance options pack for the Capri were offered between 1977 and 1980.
The X-pack was also equipped with a wing as standard and it also featured unique 7,5 x 13 inch wheels for which the special bodykit was made and a free flowing performance exhaust system with distinctive flattened rear ends.
From July 1981 to September 1982, German RS dealers marketed a limited edition, Zakspeed inspired, left-hand drive only, 'Werksturbo' model capable of .
Based on the 3.0 S, this derivative featured widened Series X bodywork, front and rear 'Ford Motorsport' badged spoilers, deep 7.5j four-spoked RS alloy wheels fitted with Pirelli P7 235/60VR13 tyres and an RS badged engine.
The Tickford Capri used a turbocharged 2.8 Injection Cologne engine which developed , allowing it to reach 60 miles per hour in 6.7 seconds and 100 miles per hour in 18.5 seconds, topping out at 137 miles per hour.
This version also featured a luxury interior with optional full leather retrim and Wilton carpeting and headlining, large rear spoiler, colour-coded front grille, deeper bumpers and 'one off' bodykit designed by Simon Saunders, later of KAT Designs and now designer of the Ariel Atom.
What is thought to be the last Capri registered in the UK is a white Tickford registered on 11 September 1991 with the registration number J4AJA.
The Tickford Capri pricing issues meant that Ford also sanctioned the Turbo Technics conversion as semi-official, although only the German RS and British Tickford ever appeared in Ford literature as official Ford products.
From November 1984 onwards, the Capri was sold only in Britain, with only right hand drive cars being made from this date.
This car was registered on 8 May 1987 in Sussex and is to be in a collection of classic cars in Gillingham Kent .
Ford originally intended to make 500 turbo charged vehicles (by Turbo Technics) complete with gold alloy wheels and name it the Capri 500 but a change of production planning meant a name change to Capri 280 as the cars were simply the last models that ran down the production line.
There was no direct successor to the Capri, as Ford felt that there was not adequate demand for a car of this type in Europe to justify a direct replacement; Capri sales had been declining since 1980, with faster versions of more practical hatchbacks and saloons becoming popular at the expense of sports cars.
British Leyland, for instance, had taken the decision not to replace its MG and Triumph sports cars on their demise at the beginning of the 1980s due to falling popularity, instead concentrating on mostly MG-badged versions of hatchbacks and saloons like the Metro and Montego, while Ford had enjoyed strong sales of its faster versions of the Fiesta, Escort and Sierra in the run-up to the Capri's demise.
When the last Capri was made on 19 December 1986 at the Ford factory in Cologne, 1,886,647 Capris had rolled off the production lines.
Sales continued through 1987 and 1988, with the last 280 being registered on 20 November 1989 (registration mark G749 NGP) making it also the only G-reg Capri, and the next-to-last Capri to have been registered – though it is estimated that there are 3 Capri 280s that have never been registered, one of them being a 230 HP Turbo Technics conversion, and two standard cars.
Most of those (more than a million) were the Mk I, because the Mk I sold well in North America and Australia, while the Mk II and Mk III were only exported outside Europe (to Asia and New Zealand) in limited numbers.
Headlamps were four round sealed-beams (shared with the Capri RS3000), and turn signal lamps were grille-mounted on all US-spec 1971–74 Capris and 1976–78 Capri IIs.
1974 models had larger bumpers front and rear with wraparound urethane, body-color bumper covers to meet the revised Federal front and rear 5 mph standard.
1976–78 models were the re-designed hatchback models offered worldwide since 1974, fitted with the grille-mounted turn signal lamps and the required round sealed-beam headlamps, 5 mph body-color bumpers and catalytic converter, requiring no-lead fuel.
In 1976, an 'S' (JPS) special edition featured black or white paint with gold-coloured wheels, gold pin-striping, and upgraded two-tone interior in beige and black.
Due to late production of Capri IIs, there were no 1975 models sold in the US (Lincoln-Mercury dealerships had an inventory of leftover 1974 models during the 1975 model year as seen on TV advertisements).
Unlike the European market where the Capri was available in several trim levels and marketed as the equivalent of a Grand Touring automobile, the US/Canada market Capris were marketed as an compact sports car.
Originally, Cologne-built Capris imported to North America were fitted only with the British 1600 OHV (1.6 L), Kent engine with the four-speed manual transmission.
The 1971 Capri offered the Kent-built 1600 I4 and the optional, Cologne-built OHC 2000 (2.0 L) I4 engine for improved performance with .
An optional three-speed automatic transmission (a Ford Cruise-o-Matic C4, also shared with the Pinto) was made available with the 2000 I4 engine.
In 1972–73, the 2000 I4 became the standard engine, and an OHV 2600 (2.6 L) Cologne V6 was optional, which produced .
For 1974, new engines were used—the OHC 2300 (2.3 L) I4 and OHV 2800 (2.8 L) Cologne V6; producing and respectively.
The engines were carried over for the 1976–77 Capri ll hatchback models, although the V6's power had crept up to at 4,800 rpm.
Capri sales had slid considerably by the time of the introduction of the Capri II, and the high price contributed to ending sales of German-built Capris in the US.
In 1979, no longer importing the Ford Capri, but capitalising on the model's positive image, Mercury dealers began selling a new Capri that was a restyled Ford Mustang.
The Ford Motor Company of Australia assembled the European-designed Capri Mk.1 at its plant in the Sydney suburb of Homebush from March, 1969 until November, 1972.
The Capri was offered in the Australian market from 3 May 1969, as the 1600 Deluxe and the 1600 GT, using the 1.6 L Ford Kent OHV engine.
These models were known as the Capri Perana and were very successful in local touring car events, winning the 1970 South African championship and, in a different format, the 1971 championship as well.
A Group 5 version of the Capri Mk III was built by Zakspeed to compete in the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft motor racing series.
The car retained very little of the Capri, the roof and pillars as well as some parts of the rear end.
The turbocharged Cosworth engine puts out approximately at 9200 rpm with 1.4 bar charge; 1.6 bars were available for short periods for an extra .
He was the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba from 1983 to 2000, and served as the 19th Premier of Manitoba from 1988 to 1999.
For the next four years, Filmon was a member of Winnipeg's Independent Citizens' Election Committee, an unofficial alliance of centre-right Liberal and Progressive Conservative interests in the city.
In 1979, Filmon won a by-election to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the riding of River Heights, held after the resignation of former Tory leader Sidney Spivak.
On January 16, 1981, Filmon was appointed Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs and Minister of Environment in the government of Sterling Lyon.
Lyon's Tories were defeated later in 1981 by the New Democratic Party under Howard Pawley, though Filmon was re-elected in the new riding of Tuxedo.
He was elected to replace Lyon as party leader in 1983, defeating Brian Ransom and Clayton Manness at a delegated convention.
Supporters of Ransom would later allege that Filmon's campaign team had sponsored Manness's candidacy as a means of splitting the conservative vote.
This election was generally regarded as lacking in defining issues, and the two major parties were not seen as having many ideological divisions between them.
Howard Pawley's slender majority government fell in 1988 when disgruntled NDP backbencher Jim Walding broke ranks and joined the opposition to vote down Pawley's budget.
In the subsequent election, the Manitoba Liberal Party rose from one seat to twenty, taking seats away from both the Tories and the NDP in the process.
The 1988-1990 parliament was most notable for its debates on the Meech Lake Accord, which would have confirmed the distinct status of Quebec within Canada.
The Pawley government had supported this initiative, but Filmon was initially opposed to it, and the Manitoba assembly refused to ratify the treaty (rather to the embarrassment of Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney).
Filmon eventually agreed to a compromise deal negotiated by Jean Charest in 1990, but this came to nothing when New Democratic MLA Elijah Harper refused to grant unanimous consent for debate before the bill's deadline.
He supported the 1987 free trade initiative, and worked in favour of the Charlottetown Accord (a successor to Meech Lake) in 1992.
Despite the increased unpopularity of the Mulroney government at the federal level, Filmon's Tories were able to win over many voters who had supported the Liberals in 1988.
While not an ideological conservative in the tradition of Margaret Thatcher, Filmon nonetheless presided over an austerity program of budget cuts.
Filmon also permitted suburban regions to break away from the amalgamated city of Winnipeg, reversing the policies initiated by the Edward Schreyer government in the early 1970s.
This was due in part to the unpopularity of Bob Rae's NDP government in neighbouring Ontario, and concerns that the Manitoba NDP would govern in a similar manner if elected.
Subsequently, the Filmon government privatized the province's telephone system, mandated balanced budgets, and took actions limiting the power of teacher's and nurse's unions.
While Filmon avoided the rhetoric of Ontario Premier Mike Harris (1995–2002), there were nevertheless strong similarities to the reforms instituted by these governments in the late 1990s.
In the late 1990s, the reputation of the Filmon government was damaged by a scandal involving vote-rigging in the 1995 election.
He promised half a billion dollars in new tax cuts, while claiming that he could simultaneously re-invest an identical amount into health and education.
This announcement was greeted with skepticism from many voters, and the Tories lost to Gary Doer's New Democrats by 32 seats to 24 (the Liberals were reduced to one seat, as many Liberal voters from 1995 shifted to the NDP).
Filmon was appointed to the federal Security Intelligence Review Committee on October 4, 2001, which necessitated an appointment to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
In 2003, he was commissioned by the government of British Columbia to undertake a survey of forest fires in that province.
On June 22, 2005, at the Annual General Meeting of the Exchange Industrial Income Fund (EIF.UN-X), Filmon was elected as the chairman of the board of trustees for the ensuing year.
Filmon sat on the board of directors of MTS from 2003 until his mandatory retirement in 2015 , the public telephone utility his government privatized after promising not to do so.
The Rhins of Galloway, otherwise known as the Rhins of Wigtownshire (or as The Rhins, also spelt The Rhinns; ), is a hammer-head peninsula in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.
The principal settlements are Stranraer at the head of Loch Ryan and the small tourist village of Portpatrick on the west coast, other villages are dotted up and down the peninsula, including Kirkcolm, Leswalt, Lochans, and in the South Rhins; Stoneykirk, Sandhead, Ardwell and Drummore.
The peninsula is bounded on its west coast by the North Channel and by Loch Ryan and Luce Bay in the east.
With around of coastline running from Stranraer in the north to Torrs Warren in the south, the land is heavily influenced by the sea.
The coastal landscape varies: the west coast has steep rugged cliffs and occasional inlets, but the calmer eastern coast has sandy beaches and a softer landscape.
The Rhins are exposed to the westerlies from the Atlantic, and thus receives a lot of rainfall (around 1000 mm per year); this has led to the peninsula being principally used for farming, with the relatively flat land offering good dairy and beef production.
As the land is almost surrounded by sea, its temperature is significantly stabilised by the North Atlantic drift, which cools the land in summer and warms it in winter.
The natural geography of the Rhins has led directly to the use of the area for development: the entire peninsula acts as a huge breakwater against the currents of the North Channel and to a lesser extent the Atlantic.
As the ships became larger they required larger protective harbours, and the exposed Portpatrick was no longer suitable, so they moved to the shelter of Loch Ryan from where they still sail today.
Here the land and rocky cliffs support a diverse range of animals and plants, with the Mull area designated a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest and also a [[RSPB]] [[nature reserve]].
Just north of the Mull, south Rhins, the land narrows significantly, forming an isthmus dividing two bays (the East and West Tarbets).
In ancient times boats were brought ashore and moved across the isthmus by manpower, with the aid of log rollers and lubrication.
The [[Southern Upland Way]] begins in the Rhins at Portpatrick and winds its way through the area on its long journey east across Scotland to its finish at [[Cockburnspath]].
Their chieftains lived in hill-forts, like that of Dunman, 'fort of gables,' [[Kirkmaiden]], 400 feet above sea level; some in drystone brochs, like that at Ardwell Bay.
They built substantial fortifications, like the one between East and West Tarbet, which defends the Mull of Galloway against marauders from the north.
[[Image:Dunskey Castle.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The remains of [[Dunskey Castle]] near [[Portpatrick]]]]Having been settled from ancient times, the area has a long history, forming part of the western kingdoms that collectively ruled most of western Scotland, parts of Ireland and the Isle of Man.
When [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola|Agricola]] was in Britain in AD 81, a road was built from [[Dalswinton]] west to the Rhins, terminating at Stranraer on the southwestern tip of Loch Ryan, leading some to argue that if Agricola did attack [[Ireland]], he would have done so from this location.
Due to the very sparse populations that lived in the area it was not until the [[Industrial Revolution]] that changes from a basic subsistence crofting lifestyle would be noted.
[[Salt pan (evaporation)|Salt Pans]] on the western coast of the peninsula were used for centuries as a local source of salt.
[[Image:Port Kale and Port Mora Bays.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Port Kale and Port Mora Bays, near [[Portpatrick]]]]As communications improved the wealth of the area improved, with the sea links to [[Ireland]], [[Glasgow]] & [[Liverpool]] both allowing the export of local farming produce (thus encouraging farming for production rather than subsistence) and also import of materials and goods not common to the area.
The importance of the area's proximity to [[Ireland]] led to significant infrastructure being developed, most notably the link to the railway network, which was laid to Portpatrick to ensure a fast passage for the mail boat to [[Donaghadee]].
As the ships which served the North Channel route increased in size it became more difficult for Portpatrick to offer a safe harbour, with the shipping routes eventually moving in 1849 to the calmer waters of [[Stranraer railway station|Stranraer Harbour]] in Loch Ryan.
During the [[World War II|Second World War]] the area became an important station for anti-[[U-Boat]] activities, with flying boats operating from the Loch side of the peninsula at RAF Station Wig Bay, as well as RAF Station Stranraer.
[[Image:Port Logan.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Port Logan]], the location used for [[BBC]] drama [[Two Thousand Acres of Sky]]]]In modern times the peninsula consists of a patchwork of farms running the full length of the land.
The natural environment of the area saw the [[BBC]] deciding to film the drama [[Two Thousand Acres of Sky]] in the village of [[Port Logan]].
In nuclear physics, a magic number is a number of nucleons (either protons or neutrons, separately) such that they are arranged into complete shells within the atomic nucleus.
For protons, this corresponds to the elements helium, oxygen, calcium, nickel, tin, lead and the hypothetical unbihexium, although 126 is so far only known to be a magic number for neutrons.
Atomic nuclei consisting of such a magic number of nucleons have a higher average binding energy per nucleon than one would expect based upon predictions such as the semi-empirical mass formula and are hence more stable against nuclear decay.
The unusual stability of isotopes having magic numbers means that transuranium elements could theoretically be created with extremely large nuclei and yet not be subject to the extremely rapid radioactive decay normally associated with high atomic numbers.
Unlike the magic numbers 2–126, which are realized in spherical nuclei, theoretical calculations predict that nuclei in the island of stability are deformed.
Before this was realized, higher magic numbers, such as 184, 258, 350, and 462 , were predicted based on simple calculations that assumed spherical shapes: these are generated by the formula formula_1 (see binomial coefficient).
Further predicted magic numbers are 114, 122, 124, and 164 for protons as well as 184, 196, 236, and 318 for neutrons.
However, only the first, third, fourth, and last of these doubly magic nuclides are completely stable, although calcium-48 is extremely long-lived and therefore naturally occurring, disintegrating only by a very inefficient double beta minus decay process.
An example is calcium-40, with 20 neutrons and 20 protons, which is the heaviest stable isotope made of the same number of protons and neutrons.
Both calcium-48 and nickel-48 are doubly magic because calcium-48 has 20 protons and 28 neutrons while nickel-48 has 28 protons and 20 neutrons.
Magic number shell effects are seen in ordinary abundances of elements: helium-4 is among the most abundant (and stable) nuclei in the universe and lead-208 is the heaviest stable nuclide.
For example, the nuclides tin-100 and tin-132 are examples of doubly magic isotopes of tin that are unstable, and represent endpoints beyond which stability drops off rapidly.
At the other extreme, nickel-78 is also doubly magic, with 28 protons and 50 neutrons, a ratio observed only in much heavier elements apart from tritium with one proton and two neutrons (Ni: 28/50 = 0.56; U: 92/146 =  0.63).
In December 2006, hassium-270, with 108 protons and 162 neutrons, was discovered by an international team of scientists led by the Technical University of Munich, having a half-life of 9 seconds.
Hassium-270 evidently forms part of an island of stability, and may even be doubly magic due to the deformed (American football- or rugby ball-like) shape of this nucleus.
Magic numbers are typically obtained by empirical studies; if the form of the nuclear potential is known, then the Schrödinger equation can be solved for the motion of nucleons and energy levels determined.
For instance, the magic number 8 occurs when the 1s, 1p, 1p energy levels are filled, as there is a large energy gap between the 1p and the next highest 1d energy levels.
As with the nuclear magic numbers, these are expected to be changed in the superheavy region due to spin–orbit coupling effects affecting subshell energy levels.
Hence copernicium (112) and flerovium (114) are expected to be more inert than oganesson (118), and the next noble gas after these is expected to occur at element 172 rather than 168 (which would continue the pattern).
Based on the fractional extension of the standard rotation group, the ground state properties (including the magic numbers) for metallic clusters and nuclei were simultaneously determined analytically.
The former village and surrounding area was incorporated into the former Royal Burgh of Ayr in 1935, and the extended village is now a suburb of Ayr on the River Doon.
A nineteenth century memorial to Burns, designed by Thomas Hamilton, is located at the foot of the village next to the present church.
The whole site relating to Burns, encompassing Burns Cottage, the Brig o' Doon, Alloway Auld Kirk, the old and new Museum buildings, the Burns Monument and relevant local landmarks, is maintained by the National Trust for Scotland as the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum.
The Alloway Auld Kirk having been a ruin since the end of the 18th century, a new church was opened for worship on 10 October 1858 and the first minister was called in 1859.
The suite of halls beyond the churchyard was erected in 1965, the session house in 1977 and the octagonal hall in 1987.
The first, Rozelle, hosts the Ayr Flower Show each summer and has an art gallery which holds various exhibitions throughout the year.
Cambusdoon New Ground is located in Alloway on the former Robertson's Field, and has hosted a number of Scotland Cricket Internationals.
Ayr Cricket Club moved from the Dam Park to the original Cambusdoon ground in 1935; it remained their home for 60 years until it was sold for housing in 1995.
The original cricket ground, which hosted two first-class matches (Scotland vs. Ireland in 1958 and 1974), was developed on the grounds of the former Cambusdoon Estate, once owned by 19th Century Iron and Coal magnate James Baird.
Baird's original Cambusdoon House, now a ruin, was converted to a boys' preparatory school in the late 1920s, and the rest of the estate surrounding the cricket ground was developed for housing in the late 1930s.
Former England cricket captain Mike Denness grew up in one of the houses on Shanter Way, which adjoined the cricket ground.
Ayr Hockey Club also play out of the Cambusdoon ground, on a purpose-built floodlit astroturf pitch, which is also used for 5-a-side and 11-a-side football.
There is also a bowling green, with the Cricket Club, Hockey Club and Bowling Club being held under the Cambusdoon Sports Club title.
It has been owned by the Walker family for at least three generations, their family grave being prominent in the churchyard of Alloway Parish Church.
Uncapping, in the context of cable modems, refers to a number of activities performed to alter an Internet service provider's modem settings.
by buying a 512kbit/s access modem and then altering it to 10Mbit/s), pluggable interfaces (as by using more than one public ID), or any configurable options a DOCSIS modem can offer.
One of the most popular modifications is used on Motorola modems (such as the SB3100, SB4100, and SB4200 models); by spoofing the Internet service provider's TFTP server, the modem is made to accept a different configuration file than the one provided by the TFTP server.
An example of spoofing would be to edit the configuration file, which requires a DOCSIS editor, or replacing the configuration file with one obtained from a faster modem (e.g.
), one can convince the modem to accept any desired configuration file, even one from one's own server (provided the server is routed, of course).
Another more advanced method is to attach a TTL to the modem's RS-232 adapter, and get access to the modem's console directly to make it download new firmware, which can then be configured via a simple web interface.
Samuel Bronfman was born in Otaci, Soroksky Uyezd, Bessarabia, then part of the Russian Empire (present-day Moldova), one of eight children of Mindel and Yechiel Bronfman.
Soon Yechiel learned that tobacco farming, which had made him a wealthy man in his homeland, was incompatible with the cold Canadian climate of that region.
Yechiel was forced to work as a laborer for the Canadian Northern Railway, and after a short time moved to a better job in a sawmill.
Yechiel and his sons then started making a good living selling firewood and began a trade in frozen whitefish to earn a winter income.
In 1903, the family bought a hotel business, and Samuel, noting that much of the profit was in alcoholic beverages, set up shop as a liquor distributor.
The Bronfmans sold liquor to the northern cities of the U.S. such as Boston, New York City and Chicago during the Prohibition era, while operating from the perimeters of Montreal, Quebec where alcohol production was legal.
Phyllis Lambert (born January 24, 1927), Edgar Miles Bronfman (June 20, 1929 – December 21, 2013), Charles Rosner Bronfman (born June 27, 1931).
Bronfman eventually built an empire based on the appeal of brand names developed previously by Seagram—including Calvert, Dewars, and Seven Crown—to higher-level consumers.
His sales were boosted during the United States' abortive experiment with prohibition, and he was apparently able to do so while staying within the confines of both Canadian law, where prohibition laws had been previously repealed, and American law.
His renamed company, Seagram Co. Ltd., became an international distributor of alcoholic beverages, and a diversified conglomerate which included an entertainment branch.
Because of changes to US tax law in the Lyndon Johnson administration, it became advantageous for Bronfman to purchase an oil company, which he did with the purchase of Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company in 1963 for $50 million.
Bronfman was President of the Canadian Jewish Congress from 1939 to 1962, and he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1967.
The Bronfman family has continued its support of the university; in 1993 they created the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, and in 2002 donated the Seagram Building on Sherbrooke St. to McGill.
Marie St. Clair and her beau, aspiring artist Jean Millet, plan to leave their small French village for Paris, where they will marry.
When Jean telephones Marie at the station to tell her they must postpone their trip, she gets on the train without him.
She gives Marie the address but can't remember whether the apartment is in the building on the right or the left.
Marie enters the wrong building and is surprised to be greeted by Jean Millet, who shares a modest apartment with his mother.
Jean finishes Marie's portrait, but instead of painting her wearing the elegant outfit she chose for the sitting, he paints her in the simple dress she wore on the night she left for Paris.
Marie arrives unexpectedly outside Jean's apartment just in time to overhear Jean pacify his mother, telling her that he proposed in a moment of weakness.
The following night, Jean slips a gun into his coat pocket and goes to the exclusive restaurant where Marie and Pierre are dining.
The two women reconcile and return to the French countryside, where they open a home for orphans in a country cottage.
One morning, Marie and one of the girls in her care walk down the lane to get a pail of milk.
The most obvious is that he does not appear in the film, at least not in his traditional role of the Tramp.
This role is inconspicuous and not credited (he even precedes the film with a title card which explains that he does not appear).
One of Chaplin's reasons for producing the film was to help Purviance gain recognition as an actress without Chaplin at her side.
Despite his effort, Edna Purviance was never able to achieve the level of success that she had in films with Chaplin's Tramp at her side.
The film was inspired by Chaplin's brief 1922 romance with Peggy Hopkins Joyce, whose stories of her romantic adventures in Europe provided the framework of the screenplay.
Chaplin was very popular at the time, and many went to the film expecting to see Chaplin in his traditional comedic role.
In particular, the motivations and personalities of its characters had a complexity that was unconventional in the context of early 1920s American cinema.
Chaplin’s directorial skill and the film’s power are demonstrated in the careful and direct way that Chaplin tells a simple story.
It can be considered the first Chaplin feature, since it is the first one made by the company he co-founded United Artists.
The film's box office failure was painful for Chaplin, and after its initial release it was not seen by the public for over fifty years.
Chaplin reissued the edited film with a new musical score—replacing the original score by Louis F. Gottschalk—in 1976, a year before his death.
As 125 + 1 it is σ(5), the fifth value of the sum of cubed divisors function, and is a sum of two cubes.
There are exactly 126 crossing points among the diagonals of a regular nonagon, 126 binary strings of length seven that are not repetitions of a shorter string, 126 different semigroups on four elements (up to isomorphism and reversal), and 126 different ways to partition a decagon into even polygons by diagonals.
Also, it is known to be the smallest Granville number with three distinct prime factors, and perhaps the only such Granville number.
For each of these numbers, 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126, an atomic nucleus with this many protons is or is predicted to be more stable than for other numbers.
Thus, although there has been no experimental discovery of element 126, tentatively called unbihexium, it is predicted to belong to an island of stability that might allow it to exist with a long enough half life that its existence could be detected.
The party was formed when the conservative-dominated National Assembly voted to impeach then President Roh Moo-hyun, loyalists and pro-Roh faction in the Millennium Democratic Party chose to break ranks from other party members who showed lukewarm support for the administration.
Some 42 out of 103 lawmakers of the Millennium Democratic Party joined the new party, and 5 lawmakers from the conservative Grand National Party also joined, seeking to complete political reforms.
Indeed, even after the testing of a nuclear bomb by North Korea, the Uri Party members have called for continued unconditional aid to North Korea, triggering heavy criticism and charges of its harboring Communist sympathizers.
The party came to international attention when their members physically blocked the speaker's chair in the National Assembly in a failed attempt to prevent the impeachment vote on President Roh on March 12, 2004.
On August 19, 2004, the party suffered an embarrassing setback when party chairman Shin Ki Nam resigned following revelations by a national investigation that his father had worked for the Japanese military police during the Japanese occupation.
The investigation, initiated on the 56th anniversary of Liberation Day (August 15, 2004) by President Roh, was a part of a national campaign to shed light on the activity of collaborators during the Japanese occupation.
The Uri party failed to secure a single seat out of six electoral districts in the by-election held on April 30, 2005, losing its majority status in the National Assembly.
Despite they lost the majority status, they relied support from the centrist Democratic Party and left-wing Democratic Labor Party, which the liberals maintained majority in the National Assembly.
The party failed to win in all but one area, while the opposition Grand National Party took 12 of the 16 key regional posts in the election.
Sir William Arthur Stanier, FRS (27 May 1876 – 27 September 1965) was an English railway engineer, and was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
He was born in Swindon, where his father worked for the Great Western Railway (GWR) as William Dean's Chief Clerk, and educated at Swindon High School and also, for a single year, at Wycliffe College.
In 1891 he followed his father into a career with the GWR, initially as an office boy and then for five years as an apprentice in the workshops.
In 1912 he returned to Swindon to become the Assistant Works Manager and in 1920 was promoted to the post of Works Manager.
He was knighted on 9 February 1943 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on his retirement, only the third locomotive engineer after Edward Bury and Robert Stephenson to receive that honour.
Sir William was a vice president of the Stephenson Locomotive Society for a number of years until his death in 1965.
William Stanier, with the backing of Sir Josiah Stamp, Chairman of the Company, reversed the small engine policy, which the LMS had inherited from the Midland Railway, with beneficial results.
In computer science, a soft heap is a variant on the simple heap data structure that has constant amortized time for 5 types of operations.
The amount of corruption can be controlled by the choice of a parameter ε, but the lower this is set, the more time insertions require (O(log 1/ε) for an error rate of ε).
Once a key is added to the linked-list, it is considered corrupted because its value is never again relevant in any of the soft heap operations: only the common keys are compared.
The purpose of these corruptions is effectively to lower the information entropy of the data, enabling the data structure to break through information-theoretic barriers regarding heaps.
First, we choose an error rate of 1/3; that is, at most about 33% of the keys we insert will be corrupted.
The Battle of Diu was a naval battle fought on 3 February 1509 in the Arabian Sea, in the port of Diu, India, between the Portuguese Empire and a joint fleet of the Sultan of Gujarat, the Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, and the Zamorin of Calicut with support of the Republic of Venice.
The Portuguese victory was critical: the great Muslim alliance were soundly defeated, easing the Portuguese strategy of controlling the Indian Ocean to route trade down the Cape of Good Hope, circumventing the traditional spice route controlled by the Arabs and the Venetians through the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
After the battle, Portugal rapidly captured key ports in the Indian Ocean like Goa, Ceylon, Malacca and Ormuz, crippling the Mamluk Sultanate and the Gujarat Sultanate, greatly assisting the growth of the Portuguese Empire and establishing its trade dominance for almost a century, until it was lost at the Battle of Swally during the Dutch-Portuguese War, over a hundred years after.
The Battle of Diu was a battle of annihilation like Lepanto and Trafalgar, and one of the most important of world naval history, for it marks the beginning of European dominance over Asian seas that would last until World War Two.
Thus, the Portuguese signed an alliance with a sworn enemy of Calicut instead, the raja of Cochin, who invited them to establish a headquarters.
The Zamorin of Calicut invaded Cochin in response, but the Portuguese were able to devastate the lands and cripple the trade of Calicut, which at the time served as the main exporter of spices back to Europe, through the Red Sea.
Portuguese intervention was seriously disrupting Muslim trade in the Indian Ocean, threatening Venetian interests as well, as the Portuguese became able to undersell the Venetians in the spice trade in Europe.
Unable to oppose the Portuguese, the Muslim communities of traders in India as well as the sovereign of Calicut, the Zamorin, sent envoys to Egypt pleading for aid against the Portuguese.
The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt was, in the beginning of the 16th century, the main middleman between the spice producing regions of India, and the Venetian buyers in the Mediterranean, mainly in Alexandria, who then sold the spices in Europe at a great profit.
Mamluk soldiers had little expertise in naval warfare, so the Mamluk Sultan, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri requested Venetian support, in exchange for lowering tariffs to facilitate competition with the Portuguese.
Venice supplied the Mamluks with Mediterranean-type carracks and war galleys manned by Greek sailors, which Venetian shipwrights helped disassemble in Alexandria and reassemble on the Suez.
The galleys could mount cannon fore and aft, but not along the gunwales because the guns would interfere with the rowers.
They had to spend the monsoon season on the island of Kamaran and called at Aden at the tip of the Red Sea, where they got involved in costly local politics with the Tahirid Emir, before finally crossing the Indian Ocean.
Hence only in September 1507 did they reach Diu, a city at the mouth of the Gulf of Khambhat, in a journey that could have taken as little as a month to complete at full sail.
At the time of the arrival of the Portuguese in India, the Gujarati were the main long distance dealers in the Indian Ocean, and an essential intermediary in east–west trade, between Egypt and Malacca, mostly trading cloths and spices.
In the 15th century, the Sultan of Gujarat nominated Malik Ayyaz, a former bowman and slave of possible Georgian or Dalmatian origin, as the governor of Diu.
Malik Ayyaz received Hussain well, but besides the Zamorin of Calicut, no other rulers of the Indian subcontinent were forthcoming against the Portuguese, unlike what the Muslim envoys to Egypt had promised.
He could not, however, reject Hussain for fear of retaliation from the powerful Sultan of Gujarat – besides obviously Hussain's own forces now within the city.
In March 1508, Hussain's and Ayyaz's fleets sailed south and clashed with Portuguese ships in a three-day naval engagement within the harbour of Chaul.
The Portuguese commander was the captain-major of the seas of India, Lourenço de Almeida, tasked with overseeing the loading of allied merchant ships in that city and escort them back to Cochin.
Although the Portuguese were caught off-guard (the distinctively European-like ships of Hussein were at first thought to belong to the expedition of Afonso de Albuquerque, assigned to the Arabian Coast), the battle ended as a Pyrrhic victory for the Muslims, who suffered too many losses to be able to proceed towards the Portuguese headquarters in Cochin.
Despite fortuitously sinking the Portuguese flagship, the rest of the Portuguese fleet escaped, while Hussain himself barely survived the encounter because of the unwilling committal of Malik Ayyaz to the battle.
Hussain was left with no other choice but to return to Diu with Malik Ayyaz and prepare for a Portuguese retaliation.
Nevertheless, among the dead was the viceroy's own son, Lourenço, whose body was never recovered, despite the best efforts of Malik Ayyaz to retrieve it for the Portuguese viceroy.
Upon hearing in Cochin of the death of his only son, Dom Francisco de Almeida was heart-stricken, and retired to his quarters for three days, unwilling to see anyone.
Only then could the viceroy call back all available Portuguese ships for repairs in dry dock and assemble his forces in Cochin.
Before they could depart though, on 6 December 1508 Afonso de Albuquerque arrived in Cannanore from the Persian Gulf with orders from the King of Portugal to replace Almeida as governor.
Dom Francisco had a personal vendetta against Albuquerque, as the latter had been assigned to the Arabian Coast specifically to prevent Muslim navigation from entering or leaving the Red Sea.
Yet his intentions of personally destroying the Muslim fleet in retaliation of his son's death became such a personal issue that he refused to allow his appointed successor take office.
In doing so, the viceroy was in official rebellion against royal authority, and would rule Portuguese India for another year as such.
From Cochin, the Portuguese first passed by Calicut, hoping to intercept the Zamorin's fleet, but it had already left for Diu.
At Angediva, the fleet fetched freshwater and Dom Francisco met with an envoy of Malik Ayyaz, though the details of such rendezvous are unknown.
Two days later, the viceroy led his heavily armoured forces ashore and crushed the garrison stationed by the riverbank in an amphibious pincer attack.
Dabul paid dearly the act of provocation, as per the viceroy's orders the city was then razed, the surrounding riverside settlements devastated and almost all their inhabitants killed, along with the cattle and even stray dogs in retaliation.
From Dabul, the Portuguese called at Chaul, where Dom Francisco ordered the governor of the town to prepare a tribute to be collected on the return from Diu.
Doubtlessly aware of the danger facing his city, he wrote to appease the viceroy, stating that he had the prisoners and how bravely his son had fought, adding a letter from the Portuguese prisoners stating that they were well treated.
In the ten months between the Battle of Chaul and Diu, important developments took place on the Muslim field: Hussain took the chance to careen his ships and recovered a straggled carrack with a reinforcement of 300 men.
Presumably, only either the hope of fresh reinforcements or fear of the reaction of the Sultan now prevented him from returning to Egypt.
At this point, should Malik Ayyaz assist Amir Hussain, he risked his city and his life; should he choose to turn on Hussain, the Sultan might take Ayyaz' head.
He ordered the oar ships to sally out and harass the Portuguese fleet before they had time to recover from the journey, but they did not pass beyond the range of the fortress' cannon.
As night fell the Muslim fleet retreated into the channel, while the viceroy summoned all his captains to decide on the course of action.
As day broke, the Portuguese could see that the Muslims had decided to take advantage of the harbour of Diu protected by its fort, latching their carracks and galleys together close to shore and await the Portuguese attack, thus relinquishing the initiative.
Portuguese forces were to be divided in four: one group to board the Mamluk carracks after a preliminary bombardment, another to attack the stationary Mamluk galleys from the flank, a 'bombardment group' that would support the rest of the fleet, and the flagship itself, which would not participate in the boarding, but would position itself in a convenient position to direct the battle and support it with its firepower.
A general bombardment between the two forces preceded the grapple, and within the calm waters of the harbour of Diu, the Portuguese employed an innovative gunnery tactic: by firing directly at the water, the cannonballs bounced like skipping stones.
When their bowcastles crossed, a group of men led by Rui Pereira jumped onto the enemy bowcastle, and before the ships were secured, already the Portuguese had stormed all the way to midship.
Hussain had strengthened his forces with a great number of Gujarati soldiers, distributed across the ships, and the heavily armoured Portuguese infantry suddenly risked being overwhelmed.
Hussain had expected the Portuguese to commit their entire forces to the grapple, so he kept the light oarships back within the channel, to attack the Portuguese from behind when they engaged the carracks.
The compact mass of oarships provided an ideal target for Portuguese gunners, who disabled many ships that then blocked the path of the ones following.
Meanwhile, the faster group of galleys and caravels grappled the flank of the stationary enemy galleys, whose guns were unable to respond.
The galleys were dominated, and the shallow caravels positioned themselves between the ships and the coast, cutting down any who attempted to swim ashore.
Eventually, only a single ship remained – a great carrack, larger than any other vessel in the battle, anchored too close to shore for most of the deep-draught Portuguese vessels to reach.
Its reinforced hull was impervious to Portuguese cannonfire and it took a continuous bombardment from the whole fleet to finally sink it by dusk, thus marking the end of the Battle of Diu.
The Mamluks fought bravely to the very end, but were at a loss as to how to counter a naval force, the like of which they had never seen before.
The Portuguese had modern ships crewed by seasoned sailors, better equipped infantry – with heavy plate armour, arquebuses and a type of clay grenade filled with gunpowder – more cannon and gunners more proficient in an art the Mamluks could not hope to match.
Dom Francisco refused to take over Diu, claiming that it would be expensive to maintain, but signed a trade agreement with Ayyaz and opened a feitoria in the city.
The Portuguese would later seek ardently the construction of a fortress at Diu, but the Malik managed to postpone this for as long as he was governor.
600 bronze artillery pieces and three royal flags of the Mamlûk Sultan of Cairo that were sent to Portugal to be displayed in the Convento de Cristo, in Tomar, headquarters of the Order of Christ, former Knights Templar, which Almeida was part of.
The Viceroy extracted from the merchants of Diu (who funded the refittal of the Muslim fleet) a payment of 300,000 gold xerafins, 100,000 of which were distributed among the troops and 10,000 donated to the hospital of Cochin.
The Viceroy ordered most of them to be hanged, burned alive or torn to pieces, tied to the mouths of cannon, in retaliation for his son's death.
After handing over the Viceroy's post to Afonso de Albuquerque and leaving for Portugal in November 1509, Almeida was himself killed in December in a skirmish against the Khoikhoi tribe near the Cape of Good Hope, along with 70 other Portuguese – more than in the Battle of Diu.
He returned to Cairo, and several years later was put in charge of another fleet with 3,000 men to be sent against the Portuguese, but he was murdered on the Red Sea, by his Turkish second-in-command – future Selman Reis of the Ottoman navy.
Of all the leading participants of the Battle of Diu, Malik Ayyaz would be the only one not to die a violent death; he died a wealthy man in his estate in 1522.
In exposition, as in other rhetorical modes, details must be selected and ordered according to the writer's sense of their importance and interest.
Although the expository writer isn't primarily taking a stand on an issue, he can't—and shouldn't try to—keep his opinions completely hidden.
But exposition in fiction works best if embedded in action, only about ten percent of the information is given, and ninety percent remains hidden and mysterious below the surface.
Indirect exposition, sometimes called incluing, is a technique of worldbuilding in which the reader is gradually exposed to background information about the world in which a story is set.
This can be done in a number of ways: through dialogues, flashbacks, characters' thoughts, background details, in-universe media, or the narrator telling a backstory.
Indirect exposition has always occurred in storytelling incidentally, but is first clearly identified, in the modern literary world, in the writing of Rudyard Kipling.
But this was relatively subtle, compared to Kiplings' science fiction stories, where he used the technique much more obviously and necessarily, to explain an entirely fantastic world unknown to any reader, in his Aerial Board of Control universe.
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant– alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause permanent or reversible damage to nervous tissue.
This can eventually disrupt or even kill neurons, which are cells that transmit and process signals in the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
Neurotoxicity can result from organ transplants, radiation treatment, certain drug therapies (e.g., substances used in chemotherapy), recreational drug use, and exposure to heavy metals, bites from certain species of venomous snakes, pesticides, certain industrial cleaning solvents, fuels and certain naturally occurring substances.
They may include limb weakness or numbness, loss of memory, vision, and/or intellect, uncontrollable obsessive and/or compulsive behaviors, delusions, headache, cognitive and behavioral problems and sexual dysfunction.
The presence of neurocognitive deficits alone is not usually considered sufficient evidence of neurotoxicity, as many substances may impair neurocognitive performance without resulting in the death of neurons.
This may be due to the direct action of the substance, with the impairment and neurocognitive deficits being temporary, and resolving when the substance is eliminated from the body.
In some cases the level or exposure-time may be critical, with some substances only becoming neurotoxic in certain doses or time periods.
Some of the most common naturally occurring brain toxins that lead to neurotoxicity as a result of excessive drug use are beta amyloid (Aβ), glutamate, dopamine, and oxygen radicals.
Some of the symptoms that result from cell death include loss of motor control, cognitive deterioration and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Aβ results from a mutation that occurs when protein chains are cut at the wrong locations, resulting in chains of different lengths that are unusable.
Thus they are left in the brain until they are broken down, but if enough accumulate, they form plaques which are toxic to neurons.
An example is through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchRs), which is a receptor commonly found along the surfaces of the cells that respond to nicotine stimulation, turning them on or off.
Aβ was found manipulating the level of nicotine in the brain along with the MAP kinase, another signaling receptor, to cause cell death.
Another chemical in the brain that Aβ regulates is JNK; this chemical halts the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway, which normally functions as memory control in the brain.
Another way Aβ causes cell death is through the phosphorylation of AKT; this occurs as the element phosphate is bound to several sites on the protein.
Thus an increase in Aβ results in an increase of the AKT/BAD complex, in turn stopping the action of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, which normally functions to stop cell death, causing accelerated neuron breakdown and the progression of AD.
When disturbed, an accumulation of glutamate occurs as a result of a mutation in the glutamate transporters, which act like pumps to drain glutamate from the brain.
This causes glutamate concentration to be several times higher in the blood than in the brain; in turn, the body must act to maintain equilibrium between the two concentrations by pumping the glutamate out of the bloodstream and into the neurons of the brain.
In the event of a mutation, the glutamate transporters are unable to pump the glutamate back into the cells; thus a higher concentration accumulates at the glutamate receptors.
Glutamate results in cell death by turning on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDA); these receptors cause an increased release of calcium ions (Ca) into the cells.
As a result, the increased concentration of Ca directly increases the stress on mitochondria, resulting in excessive oxidative phosphorylation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the activation of nitric oxide synthase, ultimately leading to cell death.
This interaction between the Ca and NOS results in the formation of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which then moves from the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm.
Naturally, the body utilizes a defensive mechanism to diminish the fatal effects of the reactive species by employing certain enzymes to break down the ROS into small, benign molecules of simple oxygen and water.
However, this breakdown of the ROS is not completely efficient; some reactive residues are left in the brain to accumulate, contributing to neurotoxicity and cell death.
Because neurons are characterized as postmitotic cells, meaning that they live with accumulated damage over the years, accumulation of ROS is fatal.
Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown is bordered to the east by the Irish Sea, to the north by the local government area of Dublin City Council, to the west by the county of South Dublin and to the south by County Wicklow.
It was created in 1994 by merging the areas under the jurisdiction of the Corporation of Dún Laoghaire and the south-eastern part of the former Dublin County Council.
When County Wicklow was created south of County Dublin in 1606, half of Rathdown was transferred to Wicklow, including Rathdown Castle, now a ruin.
From the 1840s, the poor law union (PLU) of Rathdown covered all of the Wicklow barony and most of the Dublin barony, with part of Uppercross.
From the Dublin and Wicklow sections of the PLU, the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 created rural districts respectively named Rathdown No.
Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown was a Dáil Éireann constituency created by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947 coterminous with the former Rathdown No.
The 1993 act empowered Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council (DLRCC) to apply to change the county's name, but this was not invoked.
For elections to Dáil Éireann, the county is split between the constituencies of Dún Laoghaire (4 representatives) and Dublin Rathdown (3 representatives), with the division generally running along the N11.
These constituencies currently have four Fine Gael TDs, one Green Party TD, one Solidarity–People Before Profit TD and one Independent TD.
The Dublin Area Rapid Transit system runs through the eastern coast of the county and connects to Dublin city centre to the north as well as other points north and south on the Iarnród Éireann railway system, with connections to Intercity trains.
There is a medium-sized harbour at Dún Laoghaire, with now discontinued ferry crossings to and from Holyhead in North Wales; this was a popular route for tourists travelling across the Irish Sea from Britain.
It was traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae, was reclassified in the family Myrsinaceae in 2000, and finally, in 2009 with the introduction of the APG III system, was returned to the subfamily Myrsinoideae within the family Primulaceae.
It is often mistakenly called a corm, but a corm (found in crocuses, for example) has a papery tunic and a basal plate from which the roots grow.
The storage organ of the cyclamen has no papery covering and, depending on the species, roots may grow out of any part.
Leaf stems in early growth may be distinguished from flower stems by the direction their tips curl: tips of leaf stems curl upwards, while tips of flower stems curl downwards.
Most species have leaves variegated in several shades of green and silver, either in an irregular pattern of blotches or an arrowhead or Christmas tree shape.
Most cyclamen species originate from the Mediterranean, where summers are hot and dry and winters are cool and wet, and are summer-dormant: their leaves sprout in the autumn, remain through the winter, and wither the next spring.
In all species, the stem is normally bent 150-180° at the tip, so that the nose of the flower faces downwards.
Flowers have 5 petals, bent outwards or up, sometimes twisted, and connected at the base into a cup, and five sepals behind the cup.
In most species, the style protrudes 1–3 mm out of the nose of the flower, but the stamens are inside the flower.
The fruit is a round pod that opens by several flaps or teeth at maturity and contains numerous sticky seeds, brown at maturity.
In many areas within the native range, cyclamen populations have been severely depleted by collection from the wild, often illegally, for the horticultural trade; some species are now endangered as a result.
However, in a few areas, plant conservation charities have educated local people to control the harvest carefully at a sustainable level, including sowing seed for future crops, both sustaining the wild populations and producing a reliable long-term income.
Cyclamen diversity in the Mediterranean has been studied extensively to understand how the species remain distinct (Debussche et al., 2000, 2002, 2003) and how they have reacted to the dramatic climate changes in the region.
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) (English) or Immigration, Réfugiés et Citoyenneté Canada (French) is the department of the Government of Canada with responsibility for matters dealing with immigration to Canada, refugees, and Canadian citizenship.
Formerly known as Citizenship and Immigration Canada, the department was established in 1994 following a reorganization within the government and was renamed to its current name with the swearing in of the 29th Ministry in 2015.
The objective of IRCC is to be instrumental in helping build a stronger Canada through immigration which aims to continue its humanitarian efforts that is known all over the world.
The vision is to solidify the goal of creating a stable economic agenda as well as its social and cultural landscape.
For 63 years, the Department of the Interior administered the Western Canada settlement program and development which subsequently created Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, respectively.
During and after the Second World War, some federal agencies were sharing the same duties and responsibilities for immigration policy enforcement and administration.
These were the Ministry of Mines and Resources from 1936 to 1949, the Department of Citizenship and Immigration from 1950 to 1966 and 1977 up to present, the Department of Manpower and Immigration from 1966 to 1977, and the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission which was created in 1977.
All immigration responsibilities was put under this federal department but this department was also under the umbrella of Department of State for Citizenship and remained until 1991.
Following amendments to the Canadian Passport Order which dissolved Passport Canada as an independent agency, IRCC took over responsibility for issuing Canadian passports effective July 1, 2013.
An Act which provided that adopted children will automatically acquire Canadian citizenship without going through the application for permanent resident stage.
An Act intended to limit the citizenship privilege to first generation only and gave the opportunity to Canadian citizens to re-acquire their citizenship, hence, repealing provisions from former legislation.
Sydney, Nova Scotia (Case Processing Centre and Centralized Intake Office) is responsible for releasing permanent resident cards for first-time holders, as well as renewals.
Ottawa, Ontario (Case Processing Centre) is responsible for processing visitor visas inside Canada only and restricted to temporary foreign workers and student visas only which meet valid status requirements.
CPC-O processes applications for permanent residents within Canada and from the United States of America that satisfactorily meet requirements according to the standard procedures set by the case processing centre in Mississauga and the intake office in Sydney.
There are identified countries in different regions around the globe that are strategically located and serve as case processing centres for students, temporary residents, visitors, refugees and landed immigrants visa applications.
Service Canada recently started to take over some of the domestic field operations of the department, while with its creation in 2003, the Canada Border Services Agency took over the control of enforcement and entry control at land borders and airports.
IRCC remains responsible for the establishment of policies and processing of permanent and temporary resident visa, refugee protection and citizenship applications.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom is its guiding light in enforcing immigration policies and laws, and preserving human rights.
The below list of Acts and regulations highlights the guiding principles for IRCC's operations and dealings with other organizations, both in Canada and abroad.
Canadian Multiculturalism Act is an Act protecting the heritage of each citizen to practice freedom of religion, opinion, conscience, and use of official languages to name a few.
Canadian Passport Order is a provision relating to the ability of a Canadian citizen to apply for travel documents such as the Canadian passport.
Citizenship Act is a law which defines and identifies persons living in Canada as Canadian citizens in legal circumstances such as natural born citizen or naturalized citizen.
Department of Citizenship and Immigration Act is the Act which created this federal government department to oversee the immigration and citizenship operations.
Financial Administration Act is a provision created to guide financial management in the Government of Canada applicable to all its federal agencies, which the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada is one of the agencies.
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act is the provision created for Canadian immigration policies and provisions for protecting people seeking refuge in Canada who are being persecuted, country-less and lives are in imminent danger.
Revolving Funds Act under the Consolidated Revenue Fund, the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration can utilize this for passport and related travel documents services within Canada and abroad.
Adjudication Division Rules are sets of rules to be followed in any circumstances by the Adjudication Division of Immigration and Refugee Board as created by the Immigration and Refugee Board Chairperson working together with the Director-General of the Adjudication Division, the Deputy Chairperson of the Convention Refugee Determination Division and the Deputy Chairperson of the Immigration Appeal Division.
Immigration Appeal Division Rules is respected when appeals are made during stages of immigration application where the application is refused or denied, hence, the appeal to be reconsidered.
Oath or Solemn Affirmation of Office Rules (Immigration and Refugee Board) is a printed format of the oath proclaiming to respect the duties and obey rules enumerated in the oath.
Order Setting Out the Respective Responsibilities of the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Under the Act is the order to both Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship, and Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness stating their respective responsibilities as set by the Act.
Protection of Passenger Information Regulations are sets of rules applicable to Canada Border Services Agency in support of the protection of national security and public safety.
The Honourable Ahmed D. Hussen, Minister of Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada, through the Departmental Results Report for 2016-2017 reported that the actual spending amount by IRCC was $1,600,050,249.
Once there are available funding opportunities for settlement organizations across Canada, updated application forms will be available at the funding section of IRCC website.
The services can vary from language skills development in both official languages (English and French), employment opportunities banking on the newcomers educational backgrounds and skills.
The IRCC is also funding the Refugee Resettlement Assistance Program by financing individual or family asylum seekers in finding temporary accommodations upon arrival in Canada, and eventually, locating a permanent place to live, supporting the ability to purchase daily basic needs and providing assistance with the development of general life skills.
The Government of Canada welcomed 25,000 Syrian Refugees by the end of February 2016 and also partake in funding this commitment in opening doors to this specific group of refugees.
The Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada announced its estimated spending, through its Developmental Plan for 2018-2019 to be $179,940,020, for 2019-2020 to be $198,524,181, and for 2020-2021 to be $202,337,096.
The sum will be used to encourage students, temporary residents, visitors and immigrants alike to consider Canada as a new home.
As per Departmental Results Report (2016-2017), the Honourable Ahmed D. Hussen, stated that a total of 6311 full-time employees are currently employed with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada.
There have been many examples where an applicant's additional documents were not routed to the proper department which lead to delays with, and in some cases rejection of, applications.
The case processing centre examining the applications lack overall quality as in the case of Vegreville Case Processing Centre which was relocated.
The applicants going through this program is expected to have at least 4 years of total processing time before permanent residency is approved.
Therefore, many skilled applicants if eligible applies for Express Entry which takes only 6 months for 80% of the applications rather than waiting 4 years in the case of Quebec skilled workers.
Due this delays, Quebec skilled worker program is not popular among highly skilled immigrants who have other pathways of faster immigration to the rest of Canada.
Moreover, skilled workers who are currently working or residing in Quebec is not eligible to apply through Express Entry according to the Canada Quebec Accord.
This processing delays has led to many skilled workers and international students moving out of Quebec for faster immigration processing and the province of Quebec experiencing scarcity of skilled foreign workers.
High tech businesses in Montreal are especially affected by this delays as it stunts business growth due to the lack of a skilled workforce.
However, their decisions are subject for judicial review by the citizenship applicants and by the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada.
They will provide citizenship application assessment ensuring that the applicants meet the necessary requirements, such as residency, they will administer the Oath of Citizenship during ceremonies and review the rights, privileges and duties of a Canadian citizen, conduct hearings, and supply written decisions following timeline set by the regulation.
Dominick DeLuise (August 1, 1933 – May 4, 2009) was an American actor, voice actor, comedian, director, producer, chef and author.
He was the husband of actress Carol Arthur and the father of actor, director, pianist, and writer Peter DeLuise, and actors David DeLuise and Michael DeLuise.
He starred in a number of movies directed by Mel Brooks, in a series of films with career-long best friend Burt Reynolds, and as a voice actor in various animated films by Don Bluth.
Unlike DeLuise, however, Reynolds did not voice Charlie in any of the eventual film sequels, TV episodes, TV-episode sequels, or TV series.
Taped in Miami at The Jackie Gleason Theater, it featured many regular Gleason show cast members including The June Taylor Dancers and The Sammy Spear Orchestra.
DeLuise died of kidney failure on May 4, 2009, at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California, at age 75.
So every time I made a movie with Dom, I would plan another two days on the schedule just for laughter.
The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as the Durham Report, or Lord Durham's Report is an important document in the history of Quebec, Ontario, Canada and the British Empire.
The notable British Whig politician John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, was sent to the Canadas in 1838 to investigate and report on the causes of the rebellions of 1837–38.
In Upper and Lower Canada, he formed numerous committees consisting of essentially all the opponents of the Patriotes and made many personal observations of life in the colonies.
Durham wrote that he had assumed he would find that the rebellions were based on liberalism and economics, but he eventually concluded that the real problem was the conflict between the traditionalistic French and the modernizing English elements.
According to Durham, the French culture in Canada had changed little in 200 years, and showed no sign of the progress British culture had made.
Durham had previously been the Governor General in Lower Canada in 1837, but soon afterward submitted his resignation due to conflict with British Parliament.
These conflicts were vastly due to Lord Durham's progressive nature, believing British Parliament should give the colonies more power in their government, namely, a responsible government.
Lord Durham was sent back to Canada in 1838 by British Parliament and the Crown to investigate the cause behind the rebellions of both Upper and Lower Canada, and propose suggestions to fix any remaining problems and lessen the chance of future rebellions.
Lord Durham found that although the rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada were over, peace and unity were yet to be found in Canada.
The report at the time was considered controversial as it suggested radical ideas for the time, such as British Parliament granting Upper and Lower Canada a responsible government.
The two most well known suggestions from Lord Durham's report were the fusion of Upper and Lower Canada, to become a single, unified colony, entitled The Province of Canada, ruled under a single legislature.
A government Durham already believed to be inevitable due to the progressive nature of the colonies neighbour, The United States of America.
He believed as these ideas were already available to the people and understood, nothing less would be accepted or tolerated, and so must be embraced as to satisfy the people and maintain the peace.
The visible and broad line of demarcation which separates the parties by distinctive character of race, happily has no existence in the Upper Province.
Like all such quarrels, it has, in fact created, not two but several parties; each of which has some objects in common with some one of those to which it is opposed.
They differ on one point and agree on another; the sections, which unite together one day, are strongly opposed the next; and the very party, which acts as one, against a common opponent, is in truth composed of divisions seeking utterly different or incompatible objects.
That has been irrevocably done; and the experiment of depriving the people of their present constitutional power, is not to be thought of.
To conduct their Government harmoniously, in accordance with its established principles, is now the business of its rulers; and I know not how it is possible to secure that harmony in any other way, than by administering the Government on those principles which have been found perfectly efficacious in the Great Britain.
I entertain no doubts as to the national character which must be given to Lower Canada; it must be that of the British Empire; that of the majority of the population of British America; that of the great race which must, in the lapse of no long period of time, be predominant over the whole North American Continent.
Durham recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be united into one province, with equal representation even though the English Upper Canada had a smaller population.
He also encouraged immigration to Canada from Britain, to overwhelm the existing numbers of French Canadians with the hope of assimilating them into British culture.
The freedoms granted to the French Canadians under the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 should also be rescinded; according to Lord Durham this would eliminate the possibility of future rebellions.
The French Canadians did not necessarily have to give up their religion and language entirely, but their culture could not be allowed to hinder the progress of British culture.
The proposed merger would also benefit Upper Canada as the construction of canals led to a considerable debt load; while access to the former Lower Canada fiscal surplus would allow that debt to be erased.
He also recommended responsible government, in which the governor general would be a figurehead and the legislative assembly would hold a great deal of power.
However, this recommendation was not accepted in London and the Province of Canada would not get responsible government for another decade.
It was pointed out that many of the Patriote leaders were of British or British Canadian origin, including among others Wolfred Nelson, hero of the Battle of Saint-Denis; Robert Nelson, author of the Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada, who would have become President of Lower Canada had the second insurrection succeeded; journalist Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan; and Thomas Storrow Brown, general during the Battle of St-Charles.
Indeed, from 1791 to the rebellions, the elected representatives of Lower Canada had been demanding the control over the budget of the colony.
The parallel nature of government organisation in Australia and Canada to this day is an ongoing proof of the long-enduring effects of the report's recommendations.
The report did not see any of its recommendations come into force in the African and Asian colonies, but some limited democratic reforms in India became possible that otherwise would not have been.
Durham resigned on 9 October 1838 amid controversy excited in London by his decision of the penal questions and was soon replaced by Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham, who was responsible for implementing the Union of the Canadas.
'many heads'; ), also known as the Olgas, is a group of large, domed rock formations or bornhardts located about southwest of Alice Springs, in the southern part of the Northern Territory, central Australia.
The 36 domes that make up Kata Tjuṯa cover an area of , are composed of conglomerate, a sedimentary rock consisting of cobbles and boulders of varying rock types including granite and basalt, cemented by a matrix of sandstone.
At the behest of Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, Mount Olga was named in 1872 by Ernest Giles, in honour of Queen Olga of Württemberg (born Grand Duchess Olga of Russia, daughter of Tsar Nicholas I).
On 15 December 1993, a dual naming policy was adopted that allowed official names consisting of both the traditional Aboriginal name and the English name.
The region surrounding Kata Tjuṯa lies in the Amadeus Basin, an intracratonic basin formed during the Adelaidian, roughly 850–800  million years ago.
During the Petermann Orogeny, approximately 550 million years ago, an event known as the Woodroffe Thrust lifted granulite facies rocks northward over low-grade metamorphic rocks.
The eventual erosion of the formation resulted in a molasse facies, or deposition in front of rising mountains, in this case the Petermann Orogeny, to create the deposit known as the Mount Currie Conglomerate.
The Mount Currie Conglomerate is made predominately of basalt, porphyry, granite, gneiss and volcanic rock fragments with a matrix composed of angular quartz, microcline and orthoclase among other minerals.
Both Uluru and the Kata Tjuṯa are made of sediment originating in this Mount Currie Conglomerate and both have a chemical composition similar to granite.
Scientists using Rb/Sr dating techniques to accurately date the rock have given it an age of 600 million years, matching the date of the Woodroffe Thrust event.
The actual fresh rock that makes up the Kata Tjuṯa and Uluru is medium to dark grey with green or pink hues in some laminae.
The bright orange-red hue, for which the structures are noted, is due to a patina over finely divided feldspar coated in iron oxide.
A number of legends surround the great snake king Wanambi, who is said to live on the summit of Kata Tjuṯa and only comes down during the dry season.
His breath was said to be able to transform a breeze into a hurricane in order to punish those who did evil deeds.
The Anangu people believe the great rocks of Kata Tjuṯa are homes to spirit energy from the 'Dreaming', and since 1995 the site is being used once again for cultural ceremonies.
A common inhabitant of tropical to subtropical reefs and lagoons, the Moorish idol is notable for its wide distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific.
The Moorish idol got its name from the Moors of Africa, who purportedly believed the fish to be a bringer of happiness.
Moorish idols are also a coveted aquarium fish but, despite their abundance and wide array of habitats, they are notoriously finicky and hard to adjust to captivity.
Their omnivorous diet can be extremely difficult to replicate in aquaria, as the vegetation which they live on is normally exterminated and they have a habit of eating corals and sponges.
With distinctively compressed and disk-like bodies, Moorish idols stand out in contrasting bands of black, white, and yellow, which makes them attractive to aquarium keepers.
The fish have relatively small fins, except for the dorsal fin, whose six or seven spines are dramatically elongated to form a trailing, sickle-shaped crest called the philomantis extension.
Their range includes East Africa, the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and the Ducie Islands; Hawaii, southern Japan, and all of Micronesia; they are also found from the southern Gulf of California south to Peru.
Moorish idols are pelagic spawners; that is, they release eggs and sperm in the water column, leaving fertilized eggs to drift away with the currents.
The Six Divisions were probably founded during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481), but the Sipahis had existed since 1326.
Lewis Thomas (November 25, 1913 – December 3, 1993) was an American physician, poet, etymologist, essayist, administrator, educator, policy advisor, and researcher.
One of the greatest challenges facing the builders of the Panama Canal was dealing with the tropical diseases rife in the area.
These included general health care, the provision of an extensive health infrastructure, and a major program to eradicate disease-carrying mosquitoes from the area.
By the time the United States took control of the Panama Canal project on May 4, 1904, the Isthmus of Panama was notorious for tropical diseases.
An estimated 12,000 workers had died during the construction of the Panama Railway and over 22,000 during the French effort to build a canal.
The high rate of deaths among workers on the Panama Canal due to disease was the source of a great deal of controversy in the United States.
Among other topics, Bigelow brought attention to the poor living conditions of the workers, including pools of standing water where mosquitoes could breed and spread disease from.
It was clear to organizers of the American effort that previous disease control efforts had been largely ineffective, as the causes of the two main diseases were unknown, but in 1897 it was proved by Britain's Ronald Ross in India that malaria was spread by mosquitoes.
However, with the support of chief engineer John Frank Stevens, who took over the post on July 26, 1905, Gorgas was finally able to put his ideas into action.
If larvae were found, carpenters were dispatched to the building, and work was done to eliminate objects or places where stagnant water could collect.
Mosquitoes lay their eggs on the surface of standing water, and when the larvae hatch, they live just below the surface, breathing through a siphon in their tails.
Therefore, by eliminating standing water where possible and by spreading oil on the surface of any remaining pools, the larvae could be destroyed.
These systems eliminated the need for rainwater collection, which had been collected in barrels and was a place for mosquitoes to breed.
Gorgas's sanitation department also provided about one ton of prophylactic quinine each year to people in the Canal Zone to combat malaria.
Oiling was used in a variety of means: workers with spray tanks were sent to spray oil on standing pools, and smaller streams were tackled by placing a dripping oil can over the waterway, which created a film of oil over each still patch of water in the stream.
Within a year of Stevens's appointment, every building in Panama had been fumigated, using up the entire US supply of sulfur and pyrethrum.
In 1906, only one case of yellow fever was reported, and until the end of the Panama Canal's construction, there were zero.
Gorgas's final means of attack on disease was to quarantine individuals infected with yellow fever or malaria from the rest of the workforce.
Gorgas also had the thousands of canal workers sleep in screened verandas, as the mosquitoes that spread malaria are nocturnal and would infect the most people at night.
The first two and a half years of the American canal effort were substantially dedicated to preparation, much of it making the area fit for large-scale human habitation.
In the end, these efforts were a success: by 1906, yellow fever was virtually wiped out in the Canal Zone, and the number of deaths caused by the other tropical disease, malaria, was also reduced significantly.
The hospitals maintained were by far the best to be found anywhere in the tropics; some 32,000 patients were treated per year.
While disease reduction dramatically improved the health of white workers, black workers—the majority of the canal workforce—continued to die in large numbers, at ten times the rate of white workers in 1906.
While medical care was provided to all, housing was not provided to black workers, many of whom had to live in tents and tenements outside the mosquito-controlled zone.
His father, Jesse Jasper Knight (nephew of mining magnate Jesse Knight), was a mining engineer, but Goodwin followed in his mother's (Lille) father's (John B. Milner) footsteps.
He was elected as the 35th Lieutenant Governor of California to serve under Governor Earl Warren in 1946, then reelected in 1950.
As governor, Knight fought for control of the Republican Party of California with U.S. Senate Majority Leader William Knowland and Vice President Richard Nixon.
At first Knight seemed to make an alliance with Knowland, but this began to sour in 1956 when Knowland supported Nixon for renomination as vice president.
He was induced by Knowland, Nixon, President Dwight Eisenhower, and others to run for Knowland's Senate seat instead of running for governor again.
This left Nixon in control of the California party and in line for the presidential nomination, which Knowland and Knight had also desired.
He married Virginia Carlson (born Virginia Piergue on October 12, 1918 in Fort Dodge, Iowa), the widow of an Army Lieutenant, on August 2, 1954 at the Episcopal Church of Our Savior in Los Angeles.
She took her life by carbon monoxide asphyxiation from her car in the garage of her home on Lillian Way in Hancock Park and left behind two sons, Jonathan and Robert Weedman.
Knight discovered his daughter a day later, and this is believed to have contributed to the stroke that ultimately ended his life.
The funeral was attended by then California Governor Ronald Reagan, Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater, General of the Army Omar Bradley and numerous Hollywood and civic leaders.
Knight was initially interred at Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery, but one year later disinterred and his remains moved to Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier, California after his second wife Virginia Knight learned he had purchased a crypt next to his first wife Arvilla.
He specialises in acrobatics and Chinese martial arts and has worked on over 80 films as actor, stuntman and action choreographer.
He was given the stage name Yuen Biao (Little Tiger) and trained alongside schoolmates Jackie Chan, Sammo Hung, Corey Yuen, Yuen Wah and several others, under master Yu Jim-yuen, who would later become famous in Hong Kong cinema.
According to Jackie Chan's autobiography when Yuen was first asked by his master, upon his first day with him, to do a backflip, Yuen did a proper backflip on his very first try.
During his early acting period, he adopted the anglicised name Bill Yuen for use on the Hong Kong films that were released internationally.
However, recognising the growing success of Jackie Chan, Golden Harvest were keen to give him a similar name, and on some international film prints, he was credited as Jimmy Yuen.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, thanks to his good friends and former classmates, Sammo Hung and Jackie Chan, he began working more frequently as an actor.
County Coleraine, called the County of Colerain in the earliest documents, was one of the counties of Ireland from 1585 to 1613.
Sir John Perrot, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, established County Coleraine between the Rivers Bann and Foyle in 1585 during the reign of Elizabeth I.
In the event, the English authorities built the courthouse and jail for the new establishment at Desertmartin in the adjacent county of Tír Eoghain.
Following the Flight of the Earls (1607) and O'Doherty's Rebellion (1608) the Crown, the lands the Irish aristocrats held escheated to the Crown.
In 1609 the territory was given to the City of London Corporation and its livery companies, who received instructions to undertake its plantation.
In 1613, this larger area became incorporated into the newly founded County Londonderry, with its county town in the city of Derry, which was renamed Londonderry as part of the Royal Charter.
tPA can be manufactured using recombinant biotechnology techniques; tPA produced by such means are referred to as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).
tPA is used in some cases of diseases that feature blood clots, such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a medical treatment called thrombolysis.
It can either be administered systemically, in the case of acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and most cases of acute massive pulmonary embolism, or administered through an arterial catheter directly to the site of occlusion in the case of peripheral arterial thrombi and thrombi in the proximal deep veins of the leg.
A meta-analysis of these trials concluded that rtPA given within 6 hours of a stroke significantly increased the odds of being alive and independent at final follow-up, particularly in patients treated within 3 hours.
However a significant mortality rate was noted, mostly from intracranial haemorrhage at 7 days, but later mortality was not significant amongst treated and non-treated patients.
It has been suggested that if tPA is effective in ischemic stroke, it must be administered as early as possible after the onset of stroke symptoms, given that patients present to an ED in a timely manner.
Many national guidelines including the AHA have interpreted this cohort of studies as suggesting that there are specific subgroups who may benefit from tPA and thus recommend its use within a limited time window after the event.
Protocol guidelines require its use intravenously within the first three hours of the event, after which its detriments may outweigh its benefits.
Similarly in the United States, the window of administration used to be 3 hours from onset of symptoms, but the newer guidelines also recommend use up to 4.5 hours after symptom onset, depending on the patient's presentation, past medical history, current comorbidities and medication usage.
Use of tPA in the United States in treatment of patients who are eligible for its use, have no contraindications, and arrival at the treating facility less than 3 hours after onset of symptoms, is reported to have doubled from 2003 to 2011.
Although a small fraction of patients 90 years and above treated with tPA for acute ischemic stroke recover, most patients have a poor 30-day functional outcome or die.
There is consensus amongst stroke specialists that tPA is the standard of care for eligible stroke patients, and benefits outweigh the risks.
The NNT Group on evidence-based medicine concluded that it was inappropriate to combine these twelve trials into a single analysis, because of substantial clinical heterogeneity (i.e., variations in study design, setting, and population characteristics).
Examining each study individually, the NNT group noted that two of these studies showed benefit to patients given tPA (and that, using analytical methods that they think flawed); four studies showed harm and had to be stopped before completion; and the remaining studies showed neither benefit nor harm.
The NNT Group notes that the case for the 3-hour time window arises largely from analysis of two trials: NINDS-2 and subgroup results from IST-3.
Tissue-type plasminogen activators were initially identified and isolated from mammalian tissues after which a cDNA library was established with the use of reverse transcriptase and mRNA from human melanoma cells.
The resulting cDNA library was subsequently screened via sequence analysis and compared to a whole genome library for confirmation of specific protein isolation and accuracy.
Methotrexate strengthens selection by inhibiting DHFR activity which then compels the cells to express more DHFR (exogenous) and consequently more recombinant protein to survive.
For pharmaceutical purposes, tPA was the first pharmaceutical drug produced synthetically with the use of mammalian cells, specifically Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO).
Once in the body, tPA has three main routes it can take, with one resulting in desired thrombolytic activity (see figure).
For starters, following administration and release, tPA can be absorbed by the liver and cleared from the body through receptors present therein.
tPA additionally can be bound by a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), resulting in inactivation of its activity, and following clearing from the body by the liver.
Plasmin, another type of protease, can either be bound by a plasmin inhibitor, or work to degrade fibrin clots, which is the highest utilized and desired pathway.
It is located at approximately 30°8′N latitude 42°8′W longitude; just east of the intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Atlantis Transform Fault.
It is believed that the massif was formed underneath the nearby Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but pulled from underneath the ridge during the movement of the plates, about 1.5 to 2 million years ago.
Geologic studies of the massif have indicated that it is not composed of the black basalt typical of the ocean floor, but rather of dense green peridotite usually found in the mantle.
335–414) was Bishop of Remesiana, present-day Bela Palanka in the Pirot District of modern Serbia, which was then in the Roman province of Dacia Mediterranea.
Because of his missionary activity, his contemporary and friend, Paulinus of Nola, lauded him poetically for instructing in the Gospel barbarians changed by him from wolves to sheep and brought into the fold of peace, and for teaching to sing of Christ with Roman heart bandits, who previously had no such ability.
For Dacia, where Nicetas was from, the poetical authority was Ovid, although the Dacia (probably the province Dacia Mediterranea) of that time did not correspond with the Getia where Ovid had been banished to.
No evidence survives of previous use of this expression, which has since played a central role in formulations of the Christian creed.
His feast day as a saint is on 22 June, the day on which Saint Paulinus of Nola also is celebrated.
Alfred Reed (January 25, 1921 – September 17, 2005) was an American neoclassical composer, with more than two hundred published works for concert band, orchestra, chorus, and chamber ensemble to his name.
Following his military service, he attended the Juilliard School of Music, studying under Vittorio Giannini, after which he was staff composer and arranger first for NBC, then for ABC.
He was a member of the Beta Tau chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the national fraternity for men in music.
He was the professor of music at the University of Miami where he worked with composer Clifton Williams from 1966 until the latter's death in 1976.
Williams' office was across the hall from Reed's office in the UM School of Music, and Reed was chairman of the department of Music Media and Industry and director of the Music Industry Program at the time of his retirement.
He established the very first college-level music business curriculum at the University of Miami in 1966, which led other colleges and universities to follow suit.
Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (; 7 February 1926 – 28 November 2016) was one of the leading Soviet and Russian chess players, among the world's top 20 players from 1946 to 1971.
Also a prolific chess author, Taimanov was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 1952 and in 1956 won the USSR Chess Championship.
His father Evgeny Zakharovich Taimanov was half-Cossack and half-Jewish; his family escaped to Kharkiv from Smolensk during the World War I.
He was a student at the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute and later made a career as a head engineer at the Kirov Plant and the Hydraulic Plant, but left it to work as an engineer at the Leningrad Conservatory and various Leningrad theaters after his brother and his wife's relatives were imprisoned in 1937.
Taimanov's mother Serafima Ivanovna Ilyina came from an Orthodox Russian family; she studied at the Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts.
During the Great Patriotic War he and his father evacuated to Tashkent shortly before the Siege of Leningrad started; his mother along with his two siblings decided to stay in the city and had to survive the siege up till their evacuation in March 1942.
He represented Leningrad in internal Soviet regional team competitions, scoring (+36−24=56) in 116 games, across 15 events, between 1948 and 1983.
In 1956, after finishing equal with Yuri Averbakh and Boris Spassky in the tournament proper, he won a match-tournament ahead of them, for the title.
The official reason given for punishing Taimanov was that he had brought a book by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn into the country, but that explanation was merely a bureaucratic pretext.
Fischer's overwhelming match wins later in 1971, first by 6–0 against Bent Larsen, then by 6½–2½ against Tigran Petrosian, may have helped contribute to their change of mind.
In the inaugural Russia (USSR) vs Rest of the World team match, Belgrade 1970, he played board seven, and scored (+2−1=1) against Wolfgang Uhlmann.
Taimanov was one of the few players to have beaten six world champions (Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Spassky, and Anatoly Karpov).
His younger sister Irina Taimanova (born 1941) is a prominent opera director, TV presenter and professor at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.
Tintin boards the ship and learns from Chiquito, the former assistant of General Alcazar and one of the abductors, that Calculus is to be executed for wearing a bracelet belonging to the mummified Incan king Rascar Capac.
Tintin barely escapes the ship with his life, and he and Haddock alert the authorities; but the abductors evade the police and take Calculus to the Andes mountains.
Tintin and Haddock pursue them to the mountain town of Jauga, where they board a train that is sabotaged in an attempt to kill them.
When they attempt to investigate the whereabouts of Calculus, the local Indios prove to be peculiarly tight-lipped, but then Tintin befriends a young Quechua boy named Zorrino after saving him from Spaniard bullies.
A mysterious man observes this act of kindness and gives Tintin a medallion, telling him that it will save him from danger.
Zorrino informs Tintin that Calculus is taken to the Temple of the Sun, which lies deep within the Andes, and offers to take them there.
After many hardships - including being pursued by four Indios who try their best to leave them stranded or dead - Tintin, Haddock, and Zorrino reach the Temple of the Sun, finding it to be a surviving outpost of the Inca civilisation.
They are brought before the Prince of the Sun, flanked by Chiquito and Huascar, the mysterious man Tintin encountered in Jauga.
Zorrino is saved from harm when Tintin gives him Huascar's medallion, but Tintin and Haddock are sentenced to death by the Inca prince for their sacrilegious intrusion.
The prince tells them they may choose the hour that Pachacamac, the Sun god, will set alight the pyre on which they will be executed.
However, Tintin has chosen the hour of their death to coincide with a solar eclipse, and convinces the terrified Incas that he can command the Sun through play-acting.
Each time the Inca high priest cast his spell over seven wax figures of the explorers, he could use them as he willed as punishment for their sacrilege.
Tintin convinces the Inca prince that the explorers acted in good faith, as they only intended to make known to the world the splendours of their civilisation.
The Inca prince orders Huascar to destroy the wax figures, and at that moment in Belgium, the seven explorers awaken in surprise.
After swearing an oath to keep the temple's existence a secret, Tintin, Haddock and Calculus head home, while Zorrino remains with the Inca, having accepted an offer to live among them.
Amidst the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, Hergé had accepted a position working for ', the largest circulation French language daily newspaper in the country.
Confiscated from its original owners, the German authorities permitted ' to reopen under the directorship of Belgian editor Raymond de Becker, although it remained firmly under Nazi control, supporting the German war effort and espousing anti-Semitism.
Faced with the reality of Nazi oversight, Hergé abandoned the overt political themes that had pervaded much of his earlier work, instead adopting a policy of neutrality.
Hergé planned for the former story to outline a mystery, while the latter would see his characters undertake an expedition to solve it.
His use of an ancient mummy's curse around which the narrative revolved was inspired by tales of a curse of the pharaohs which had been unearthed during the archaeologist Howard Carter's 1922 discovery of Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb.
Hergé had been forced to abandon the story after 152 strips, equivalent to fifty pages of the later published book volume.
The story had been left unfinished after the scene in which Tintin leaves the hospital where he sees the seven members of the expedition enduring a simultaneous fit.
In October 1945, Hergé was approached by Raymond Leblanc, a former member of a conservative Resistance group, the National Royalist Movement (MNR), and his associates André Sinave and Albert Debaty.
His use of the eclipse may also have been influenced by accounts claiming that Christopher Columbus subdued a revolt of indigenous groups in Jamaica in 1503 using knowledge of a solar eclipse that had been predicted by Giovanni Muller's 1474 calendar.
Part of the ceremonial costume worn by the Incan priest was based upon a colour painting of Mexican Aztecs produced by Else Bostelmann for the National Geographic Society which Hergé had a copy of in his files.
He ensured that his depiction of the Peruvian trains was accurate by basing them upon examples found in a two-volume picture encyclopedia of railways published by Librarie Hachette in 1927.
Hergé sent his assistant, Edgar P. Jacobs, to the Cinquantenaire Museum to study its collections of Incan material, and also used Jacobs as a model for several of the poses that characters adopt in the story.
Hergé later concluded that the scene in which Tintin hoodwinked the Inca with his knowledge of the sun was implausible, suggesting that solar worshipers with a keen knowledge of astronomy like the Inca would have been well aware of the sun and its eclipses.
Doctors diagnosed him as suffering from a mental breakdown as a result of overwork, and to recover he spent time in retreat at the Abbey of Notre-Dame-de-Scourmont.
He disappeared again in early 1948, this time for six weeks, again to Gland, but according to biographer Pierre Assouline he was accompanied by a young, married woman, with whom he was having an extra-marital affair.
Angered by his absence, the editorial board decided to command other artists and writers to continue the story, a threat which made Hergé return to work.
He also employed his friend Bernard Heuvelmans to help devise the ending of the story; he paid Heuvelmans 43,000 Belgian francs for doing so.
After the story arc finished serialisation, the publishing company Casterman divided it into two volumes, ' and ', which they released in 1948 and 1949 respectively.
In the original magazine serialisation, Hergé had depicted the moon moving across the sun in the correct direction for the Southern Hemisphere; for the book publication, the drawings had been altered, with the moon now moving in the incorrect direction.
The book was banned by the Peruvian authorities because, in the map of South America contained within it, a region whose ownership was disputed by Peru and Ecuador was shown as being part of the latter country.
He felt that the inclusion of paranormal elements to the story did nothing to make the narrative less convincing, and observes Hergé's recurring depiction of his character's disturbing dreams.
The scene in which Haddock causes an avalanche of snow by sneezing reflected what McCarthy considered a wider theme of the danger of sound, while Zorrino's decision to stay among the Inca was interpreted as a reflection of a wider theme of adoption.
Apostolidès also believed that the eclipse scene reflects a change in the power relations between the sacrificed (Tintin) and the sacrificer (the Inca prince).
Produced by Raymond Leblanc and directed by Eddie Lateste, it was written by Lateste, the cartoonist Greg, Jos Marissen, and Laszló Molnár.
Adapted for the stage by Seth Gaaikema and Frank Van Laecke, the production was directed by Dirk de Caluwé and included music by Dirk Brossé, featuring Tom Van Landuyt in the role of Tintin.
The story was commissioned by the conservative Belgian newspaper for its children's supplement , in which it was initially serialised from September 1939 until the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940, at which the newspaper was shut down and the story interrupted.
Set on the eve of a European war, the plot revolves around the attempts of young Belgian reporter Tintin to uncover a militant group responsible for sabotaging oil supplies in the Middle East.
Critical approaches to the story have been mixed, with differing opinions expressed as to the competing merits of the volume's three versions.
With Europe on the brink of war, Captain Haddock is mobilised into the navy while Tintin and detectives Thomson and Thompson set off for the Middle Eastern kingdom of Khemed on board a petrol tanker.
Thomson and Thompson are cleared and released, but Tintin is kidnapped by the Arab insurgent Bab El Ehr, who mistakenly believes that Tintin has information for him concerning an arms delivery.
When Tintin narrates the sabotage orchestrated by Müller to the Emir Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab, one of the Emir's attendants, Ali Ben Mahmud, informs the Emir that his son Prince Abdullah is kidnapped.
Müller is revealed to be the agent of a foreign power responsible for the tampering of the fuel supplies, having invented a type of chemical in tablet form, codenamed Formula 14, which increases the explosive power of oil by a significant amount.
Thomson and Thompson find the tablets and, mistaking them for aspirin due to their being packaged as such, swallow them, resulting in them growing long hair and beards that change colour.
After analysing the tablets, Professor Calculus develops an antidote for Thomson and Thompson and a means of countering the affected oil supplies.
He also introduced a number of new characters in the story; this included the Emir Ben Kalish Ezab, a character who was based largely on Ibn Saud, the king of Saudi Arabia, whom Hergé had learned about from a 1939 book by Anton Zischke.
The character of the Emir's son, Prince Abdullah, was inspired by the King of Iraq, Faisal II, who was appointed monarch in 1939 aged four, although in creating this character Hergé had also been influenced by an obnoxious child character that appears in the work of O. Henry.
The Supermarine Spitfire, a British single-seat fighter aircraft, was used as the model for Kalish Ezab's plane which drops leaflets onto Bab El Ehr's camp.
The point at which the story was ended corresponds to pages 28 and 30 of the current book edition, when Tintin is caught in a sandstorm following his first confrontation with Müller.
At this point, Hergé was depressed and suffering from a range of physical ailments, including boils and eczema on his hands.
Other alterations include new scenes of Tintin making a divining rod, Tintin disguising himself as one of Müller's henchmen, and a restructuring of the Thompsons' humorous antics while driving a Jeep (a Peugeot 201 in the original version) prior to their reunion with Tintin; the scene in which they fall asleep at the wheel and crash into a mosque, for instance, originally took place without Tintin's presence.
On 4 August 1949, the story was suspended part way through its serialisation as Hergé left Belgium for a holiday near to Gland in Switzerland.
In this revised version, Tintin arrives at Khemkhah in Khemed, where he is arrested by the Arab military police before being captured and taken directly to Bab El Ehr.
These changes were also applied to a scene which a Supermarine Spitfire drops propaganda leaflets on Bab El Ehr's camp: in the earlier versions, the plane is British and Bab El Ehr threatens to shoot anyone who reads the leaflets; in the revised scene, the plane is from an unidentified rival Arabic nation and Bab El Ehr laughs off the bombardment as his men are illiterate.
As a result of the truncation of Tintin's kidnapping, which now occurs two pages earlier than in the second version, the Thompsons' crash into a palm tree in the desert now takes place after the aforementioned scene.
Background details was changed accordingly, with Jewish shop fronts with Hebrew signage being removed, and the nonsensical pseudo-Arabic script from the earlier versions was replaced with real Arabic text.
They felt that this pre-Second World War atmosphere also pervaded the second, coloured version of the book, but that they had nevertheless been partly removed by the creation of the third version.
In 1991, a collaboration between the French studio Ellipse and the Canadian animation company Nelvana adapted 21 of the stories into a series of episodes, each 42 minutes long.
John William Steakley, Jr. (July 26, 1951 – November 27, 2010) was an American author, best known for his science fiction writing.
He then went on to study at Westminster College in Missouri, and at Southern Methodist University, where he received his BA in English.
In return for service, each timariot received a parcel of revenue called a timar, a fief, which were usually recently conquered plots of agricultural land in the countryside.
The timariots had to assemble with the army when at war, and had to take care of the land entrusted to him in times of peace.
The timariot was granted feudatory with the obligation to go mounted to war and to supply soldiers and sailors in numbers proportionate to the revenue of the appanage.
This semi-feudal arrangement allowed for the Ottomans to organize large armies at once, thus making an imperial army from what was still essentially a medieval economy.
This system of using agricultural revenue to pay troops was influenced by a similar Byzantine practice and other near-Eastern states prior to the Ottoman Empire.
The timar-holders took precautions to keep peasants on their land and were also owed certain labor from peasants, such as building a barn.
When the annual income of the holding was above 4.000 akçe the sipahi had to be accompanied by a soldier in a coat of mail, for income above 15.000 akçe by additional soldier for each additional 3.000 akçe.
This ensured that all equipment and troops for campaigns was determined in advance and Ottoman commanders knew the exact number of their forces for mobilization.
The first group of timars in the Balkans had a strong Christian majority (60 percent in Serbia and 82 percent in Bosnia in 1467-69), but the Christian sipahis gradually disappeared due to dispossession or conversion to Islam.
Timar-status could be inherited, but the pieces of land were not inheritable to avoid the creation of any stable landed nobility.
Septic arthritis, also known as joint infection or infectious arthritis, is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation.
Most commonly, joints become infected via the blood but may also become infected via trauma or an infection around the joint.
White blood cells of greater than 50,000 mm or lactate greater than 10 mmol/l in the joint fluid also makes the diagnosis likely.
On physical examination, the septic joint should be ruled out of intra-articular (from inside the joint) or periarticular (around the joint such as bursa and skin) cause.
Intra-articular arthritis usually results in severe limitation of the range of movement of the joint with the joint held in extended position; the joint space will be maximal in this position.
In peri-articular arthritis, pain only occurs when the joint is moved, and the lesion usually lies in one specific area around the joint.
For those with artificial joint implants, there is a chance of 0.86 to 1.1% of getting infected in a knee joint and 0.3 to 1.7% of getting infected in a hip joint.
Microorganisms in the blood may come from infections elsewhere in the body such as wound infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis or endocarditis.
The rate of septic arthritis varies from 4 to 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, depending on the underlying medical condition and the joint characteristics.
For those with a septic joint, 85% of the cases have an underlying medical condition while 59% of them had a previous joint disorder.
Most cases of septic arthritis involve only one organism; however, polymicrobial infections can occur, especially after large open injuries to the joint.
The diagnosis of septic arthritis is based on physical exam and prompt arthrocentesis which yields synovial fluid from within the affected joint.
This fluid should be collected before the administration of antibiotics and should be sent for gram stain, culture, leukocyte count with differential, and crystal studies.
Blood cultures can be positive in 25 to 50% of those with septic arthritis due to spread of infection from the blood.
In the joint fluid, the typical white blood cell count in septic arthritis is over 50,000-100,000 cells per 10/l (50,000-100,000 cell/mm); where more than 90% are neutrophils is suggestive of septic arthritis.
For those with prosthetic joints, white cell count more than 1,100 per mm with neutrophil count greater than 64% is suggestive of septic arthritis.
Synovial fluid cultures are positive in over 90% of nongonoccocal arthritis; however, it is possible for the culture to be negative if the person received antibiotics prior to the joint aspiration.
If the culture is negative or if a gonococcal cause is suspected, NAAT testing of the synovial fluid should be done.
These values are usually elevated in those with septic arthritis; however, these can be elevated by other infections or inflammatory conditions and are, therefore, nonspecific.
This is used to assess any problems in the surrounding structures such as bone fractures, chondrocalcinosis, and inflammatory arthritis which may predispose to septic arthritis.
While x-rays may not be helpful early in the diagnosis/treatment, they may show subtle increase in joint space and tissue swelling.
CT and MRI are not required for diagnosis; but if the diagnosis is unclear or the joints are hard to examine (ie.sacroiliac or hip joints); they can help to assess for inflammation/infection in or around the joint (i.e.
Draining the pus from the joint is important and can be done either by needle (arthrocentesis) or opening the joint surgically (arthrotomy).
Close follow up with physical exam & labs must be done to make sure the person is no longer feverish, pain has resolved, has improved range of motion, and lab values are normalized.
In infection of a prosthetic joint, a biofilm is often created on the surface of the prosthesis which is resistant to antibiotics.
A replacement prosthesis is usually not inserted at the time of removal to allow antibiotics to clear infection of the region.
Low-quality evidence suggests that the use of corticosteroids may reduce pain and the number of days of antibiotic treatment in children.
This usually depends on how quickly treatment is started after symptoms occur as longer lasting infections cause more destruction to the joint.
One-third of people are at risk of functional impairment (due to amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and deteriorating joint function) if they have an underlying joint disease or a synthetic joint implant.
Bhang is common in India; according to a legend, even the Hindu God Shiva was fond of bhang and it became his favourite food.
Berat County () is one of the 12 counties of the Republic of Albania, spanning a surface area of with the capital in Berat.
Archaeologists have found artifacts including silver women's earrings and bronze belt-buckles in Bronze Age tumuli in Pëllumbas, one of the villages of Berat.
Historical manuscripts such as the 6th century Codex Purpureus Beratinus, discovered in 1868, and the Codex Aureus, a 9th-century Greek language manuscript have revealed much about the history of the region and that Berat had a reputation for producing manuscripts; 76 of the 100 codes protected in the National Archives of Albania are from Berat, indicating its historical importance.
The town of Berat became part of the unstable frontier of the Byzantine Empire following the fall of the Roman Empire and, along with much of the rest of the Balkan peninsula, it suffered from repeated invasions by Slavs and other tribes.
In 1272 Berat was captured by the forces of the Kingdom of Albania, while Michael VIII Palaiologos sent letters to the Albanian leaders of Berat and Durrës asking them to abandon their alliance with Charles I of Naples; they sent the letters to Charles as a sign of their loyalty.
In 1274 Michael VIII recaptured Berat and after being joined by Albanians, who supported the Byzantine Empire marched unsuccessfully against the Angevin capital of Durrës.
In March 1281, a relief force from Constantinople under the command of Michael Tarchaneiotes was able to drive off the besieging Sicilian army.
In 1335-1337, Albanian tribes took control of the area between Berat and Vlorë for the first time, that time the Muzakaj formed the Lordship of Berat.
However, it began to recover by the 17th century and became a major craft centre in the Ottoman Balkans, specializing in wood carving.
It became a major base of support for the League of Prizren, the late 19th century organisation which was pro-Albanian independence.
Between 1912 and 1914, it was under the control of the Albanian provisional government, and controlled by the Principality of Albania between 1914 and 1915.
It was occupied by the Allies in 1915 during the First World War, despite Albania's neutrality, before falling to Austro-Hungarian forces in 1916.
In November 1944, the communist-controlled Anti-Fascist National Liberation Council of Albania declared in Berat that it was the provisional government of the country, signalling the beginning of the Enver Hoxha dictatorship.
It lies between latitudes 41° N, and longitudes 20° E. The county area is and the ninth unit of the Albanian county in area and the fifth in the Southern Region.
It is limited to the counties of Elbasan to the north, Korçë tn the east, Gjirokastër to the south and Fier to the west.
The physical relief of the south of the county is dominated by Tomorr massif (known as the Throne of Gods) and Mount Shpirag.
A deep ravine cut by the Osum river on Tomorrs west side, which is deep in a limestone formation, is where Berat is situated on stepped terraces.
The Osum river flows through the Osum canyon and the city of Berat, where the river has formed the narrow Gorica gorge.
According to legend, Tomorr personified a giant who fought his brother Shpirag, personified by a nearby mountain, for the love of a young woman.
Deep in sorrow, the legend states, the grieving woman for whom they had contested wept over their deaths; her tears created the Osum river.
This means that the winters are mild and wet and the summers are hot and dry but it vary by local topography.
Phytogeographically, the county falls within the Illyrian deciduous forests and Pindus Mountains mixed forests terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub.
There are also some Bektashi Muslims with 8.23%, 8.44% percent consisting of believers without a denomination and Christians forming 13.88% of the county's population (Orthodox (7.48%), Evangelists (0.05% (and Roman Catholics) (6.15%).
The landscape of a mixture of minarets of mosques and grand orthodox churches and chapels are a testament to the religious coexistence of Berat inhabitants.
In the Middle Ages, Berat was the seat of a Greek Orthodox Bishpric, and today Aromanian and even Greek speakers can be found in the city and some surrounding villages.
The Saint Mary of Blachernae Church dates back to the 13th century and contains 16th century mural paintings by Nikola, son of the Albania's most famous medieval painter Onufri.
There is also a number of icons and some fine examples of religious silversmith's work (sacred vessels, icon casings, covers of Gospel books, etc.).
The church itself has a magnificent iconostasis of carved wood, with two very fine icons of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
The King Mosque (), the oldest in the town built in the reign of Bayazid II (1481–1512), is notable for its fine ceiling.
Near of tekke is purported to be the grave of Shabbatai Zevi, a Turkish Jew who had been banished to Dulcigno (present day Ulcinj) who created controversy among his followers upon his conversion to Islam.
Dibër County (; ) is one of the 12 counties of the Republic of Albania, spanning a surface area of with the capital in Peshkopi.
Topographically, the county is dominated by mountainous and high terrain, with a great variety of natural features including valleys, canyons, gorges, rivers, glacial lakes and dense forests.
Various mountains ranging between meters above sea level run the length of the county from north to south, including the Korab mountains in the east with Mali i Gramës and Korab at an altitude of being the highest mountain in the county and as well as in Albania.
The county, marked by a significant biological diversity, is water-rich with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karst underground watercourses.
Tourism is one of the most important sectors in the county and has the largest potential to be a source for sustainable income, due to its natural and cultural heritage.
It is evidenced by the settlements of the Early Bronze Age in Manasdren, the Middle Bronze Age in Çetush, the Late Bronze Age in Pesjakë and several others.
In the Middle Ages, Dibër was part of the Principality of Kastrioti ruled by the royal Kastrioti family with Gjon Kastrioti on the Albanian throne.
After the death of Gjon Kastrioti in 1437, the eastern region was annexed by the Ottomans and became seat of the Sanjak of Dibra.
The comprising regions were awarded to his son Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg, where he survived to conquere back his father’s land and untie all of Albania in 1444.
In the 15th century, further during the Albanian wars the region was the frontier between the Ottomans and the League of Lezhë.
After the Balkan Wars and following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the great powers established the borders of the Balkan states at the Conference of London.
It lies between latitudes 42° N, and longitudes 20° E. The county area is and the sixth largest by area in Albania and the second largest in the Northern Region.
It is limited to the counties of Kukës to the north and northeast, Lezhë to the northwest, Durrës to the east, Tirana to the southwest, Elbasan to the southeast and North Macedonia to the west.
Much of the Dibër County is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography.
The main topographic features of the county are the presence of the three major mountain ranges which are the Korab mountains in the east, the Lura mountains in the east and the Skanderbeg mountains in the west, separating the Central Mountain Range with the Western Lowlands.
Phytogeographically, the county falls within the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Balkan mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest.
Inside the county, there are two national parks and a nature park, which include the Lurë National Park, Zall-Gjoçaj National Park and the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park.
The eastern bound of the county forms a part of the European Green Belt, which serves as a retreat for endangered mammal and plant species.
With an estimated total population of around 137,074 people as of the INSTAT census of 2011, Dibër is the 10th most populous county in Albania.
The research revealed the following numbers in the county per ethnic group: 124,897 Albanian people (91.13%), 20 Greek people (0.01%), 28 Aromanian people (0.02%), 97 Egyptian people (0.07%), and 19 Macedonian people (0.01%).
There are also some Bektashi Muslims with less 3.84% (5,264 people), 4.36% percent consisting of believers without a denomination (5,970 people) and Christians forming 2.15% of the county's population (Orthodox (0.09%) (123 people), Evangelists (0.01% (16 people) (and Roman Catholics) (2.04%) (2,799 people) .
The county has geographically a coastline on the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast and extends in the Western Lowlands on a flat alluvial and coastal plain.
The central city Durrës is one of largest cities on the Adriatic Sea and ranks 5th with a population of 175,110 and one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.
The port is also the 10th largest cargo port on the Adriatic Sea that handle more than 3.4 million tonnes of cargo per year.
The city of Krujë is found at an altitude of 600 m (1,969 ft) on the foot of Mount Krujë () of the Krujë Gorge, while south and west of the town is found the plain of the Ishëm River.
The town is located in the northern part of the outer Albanides tectonic unit, which consists of anticlines of Mesozoic carbonate platforms.
The Ishëm is the biggest river in Durrës County, it brings water to the area north of the Albanian capital, Tirana.
Durres plain is divided by Tirana by long range of hills known as the Kodra e Gjatë to the east of the port city.
There are also some Bektashi Muslims with 1.60% (4,215 people), 3.47% percent consisting of believers without a denomination (9,131 people) and Christians forming 4.53% of the county's population (Orthodox (3.30%) (8,675 people), Evangelists (0.12% (325 people) (and Roman Catholics) (1.15%) (3,022 people).
Since the 2015 local government reform, the county consists of the following 7 municipalities: Belsh, Cërrik, Elbasan, Gramsh, Librazhd, Peqin and Prrenjas.
The Fier County borders the Tirana County in the north, Elbasan County in the northeast, Berat County in the east, Gjirokastër County in the southeast, Vlorë County in the south and the Adriatic Sea in the west.
Since the 2015 local government reform, the county consists of the following 6 municipalities: Divjakë, Fier, Lushnjë, Mallakastër, Patos and Roskovec.
There are also some Bektashi Muslims with 1.01% (3,137 people), 7.15% percent consisting of believers without a denomination (22,186 people) and Christians forming 15.91% of the county's population (Orthodox (13.76%) (42,993 people), Evangelists (0.11% (331 people) (and Roman Catholics) (1.98%) (6,149 people).
Since the 2015 local government reform, the county consists of the following 7 municipalities: Dropull, Gjirokastër, Këlcyrë, Libohovë, Memaliaj, Përmet and Tepelenë.
According to the 2011 census Islam is by far the largest religion in the county, forming 38.54% of the total population (27,815 people).
There are also some Bektashi Muslims with 8.48% (6,118 people), 7.15% percent consisting of believers without a denomination (22,186 people) and Christians forming 19.65% of the county's population (Orthodox (17.43%) (15,295 people), Evangelists (0.08% (59 people) (and Roman Catholics) (2.07%) (1,493 people).
Topographically, most of Korçë County is elevated, including the Gramos range, which forms the connection between the Scardus to the north and the Pindus range to the south.
Korçë's eastern border is also Albania's eastern border, as the county borders North Macedonia to the northeast and Greece to the southeast.
Most of the region's inhabitants are ethnic Albanians, but there are also important communities of Greeks (especially in the South), Macedonians (especially in the East), Aromanians (more concentrated in Western parts) and Roma.
Since the 2015 local government reform, the county consists of the following 6 municipalities: Devoll, Kolonjë, Korçë, Maliq, Pogradec and Pustec.
The human presence in the lands of modern Kukës County can be traced back to the Bronze Ages, when ancient Illyrians, Dardanians and Romans established settlements in the region.
Kukës is predominantly mountainous and framed by mountain ranges including the Albanian Alps in the northwest which is typified by karst topography.
The northeast is dominated by the mountains of Gjallica, Koritnik and Pashtrik, while the southeastern bound is mostly formed by the Korab and Sharr Mountains.
Karst topography predominates in the county, resulting in specific landforms and hydrology because of the interaction of the karst and the region's watercourses.
The county is also home to the sources of rivers such as the Valbona, which originates south of Maja Jezercë and Gashi a notable tributary of Valbona.
The county area is and the seventh largest county by area in Albania and the third largest in the Northern Region, behind Shkodër County and Dibër County.
It is limited to the counties of Shkodër County in the west, Dibër County in the south, Lezhë County in the southeast, the countries of Kosovo in the east and northeast and Montenegro in the north and northwest.
The river flows into the Adriatic Sea after crossing the county territory from the confluence of Black Drin and White Drin.
Phytogeographically, the county falls within the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Balkan mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest.
Inside the county, there are a national parks, a nature park and a nature reserve, which include the Valbonë Valley National Park, Korab-Koritnik Nature Park and the Gashi River Nature Reserve.
The northern and eastern bound of the county forms a part of the European Green Belt, which serves as a retreat for endangered mammal and plant species.
Furthermore, the Gashi River was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Primeval beech forests of the Carpathians and other regions of Europe.
With an estimated total population of around 85,292 people as of the INSTAT census of 2011, Kukës is the 11th most populous county in Albania.
Kukës has the highest total fertility rate of Albania with 2.29 children per woman (compared to the national number of 1.54 children per woman).
2.72 identify themselves as Christians; of these, Roman Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 2.62% of the population, after which follows Eastern Orthodoxy (0.03%), Evangelism (0.03%) and other Christianity (0.04%).
Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (12 January 1936 – 7 January 2016) was a politician from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
He served twice as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, from November 2002 to November 2005 and again from March 2015 to January 2016.
He completed his basic studies in Srinagar and earned his law and postgraduate degree in Arabic from Aligarh Muslim University before entering politics.
Sayeed started his political career in the 1950s in the Democratic National Conference, a splinter group of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference led by Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq.
After G. M. Sadiq became the Chief Minister of the state in 1964, Sayeed was appointed as a Deputy Minister in his government.
He is said to have brought about the downfall of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference government, which was led by Farooq Abdullah, in 1984.
In 1987, he quit the Congress party to join V. P. Singh's Jan Morcha, which led to his becoming the first Muslim Minister for Home Affairs in the Union Cabinet of India for one year, from 1989 to 1990.
He rejoined the Congress under P. V. Narasimha Rao, which he left in 1999 along with daughter Mehbooba Mufti to form his own party, the Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party.
He went on to form a coalition government with the Indian National Congress, and was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir for a term of three years.
It was under his tenure which coincided with the peace process led by Indian Prime Ministers Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, with LOC opened for trade and bus service.
In the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, the PDP emerged as the single largest party, though it fell short of a majority.
Following a coalition agreement between the BJP and the PDP, Sayeed started his second tenure as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir in 2015.
In 1989, within few days of taking office as the Union Minister for Home Affairs, his third daughter, Rubaiya, was kidnapped.
He died on 7 January 2016 due to multi-organ failure at about 7:30, according to provincial Education Minister and PDP Spokesman Nayeem Akhter.
Reactions to this death came from Prime Minister Narendra Modi, national Home Minister Rajnath Singh at Delhi airport and the 14th Dalai Lama.
Condolences also came from former President Pranab Mukherjee, former prime ministerial candidate L. K. Advani, Ram Madhav, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal, BJP Vice President Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, former national Oil Minister Milind Deora, PDP member Rafi Mir and politicians Kalraj Mishra, Jitendra Singh and Ahmed Patel.
Illyria was annexed by Rome in the second century BC, becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire.
Falling under Venetian and Ottoman dominion in the late Middle Ages, the modern nation state of Albania emerged in 1912 following its independence.
The climate of the county is profoundly affected by the Adriatic Sea in the west and the Albanian Alps in the north.
The summers are predominantly hot and dry, the winters relatively mild, and falls and springs mainly unstable, both in terms of precipitation and temperatures.
The county features notable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped Albanian Alps in the north to the warm regions of Shkodra Lake and Adriatic Sea in the south and southwest.
Being a geological continuation of the Dinaric Alps, the Albanian Alps are the highest section and one of the most rugged mountains in Europe.
While the Alps occupy the northern part of the territory, the population is concentrated mostly on the Mbishkodra plain, where the largest city is to be found, the cultural and economic centre of Shkodër.
With more than 215,000 inhabitants in 2016, the county is the sixth most populous county in Albania, the second most populous county in the Northern Region.
The country has no official religion and freedom of religion is a right defined by the Constitution of Albania, and the most widely professed religion in the county is Islam and Christianity.
It lies between latitudes 42° N, and longitudes 20° E. The county area is and the second largest county by area in Albania and the largest in the Northern Region.
It is limited to the counties of Kukës to the northeast and east, Lezhë to the southeast and south, the country of Montenegro in the north and the Adriatic Sea in the southwest.
The Albanian Alps, which extends in the north of the county toward Montenegro, is a primarily mountainous region with a high terrain.
The Adriatic Sea in the west and Albanian Alps in the north have a great influence to the climate of the county.
Phytogeographically, the county falls within the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Illyrian deciduous forests terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest and Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub.
Inside the county, there are a national park, a nature park and a protected landscape, which include the Theth National Park, Nikaj-Mërtur Regional Nature Park and the Buna River-Velipoja Protected Landscape.
The northern bound of the county forms a part of the European Green Belt, which serves as a retreat for endangered mammal and plant species.
Tirana, the country's largest metropolitan area and the centre of the county which, with a population of 883,996 as of 2018, makes for 31% of Albania's population.
As argued by various archaeologists, Tirana and its suburbs are filled with Illyrian toponyms as its precincts are some of the earliest regions in Albania to be inhabited.
Tirana is separated from the coastal plain of Durres to the west by long range of hills known as the Kodra e Gjatë, with the county borders running along the spine.
The area has been populated since the Paleolithic era, dating back 10,000 to 30,000 years ago, as suggested by evidence from tools excavated near Mount Dajt's quarry and in Pellumba Cave.
As argued by various archaeologists, Tirana and its suburbs are filled with Illyrian toponyms, as its precincts are some of the earliest inhabited regions in Albania.
The oldest discovery in downtown Tirana was a Roman house, later transformed into an aisleless church with a mosaic-floor, dating to the 3rd century A.D., with other remains found near a medieval temple at Shengjin Fountain in the eastern suburbs.
In 1510, Marin Barleti, an Albanian Catholic priest and scholar, in the biography of the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg referred to this area as a small village.
In winter, the mountain is often covered with snow, and it is a popular retreat to the local population of Tirana that rarely sees snow falls.
Its slopes have forests of pines, oak and beech, while its interior contains canyons, waterfalls, caves, a lake, and an ancient castle.
On the other extremity of the park, along Erzeni River is found the impressive Pellumbas Cave, Erzeni Canyon and Peshkashesh Dam.
There are also some Bektashi Muslims with 8.48% (6,118 people), 7.15% percent consisting of believers without a denomination (22,186 people) and Christians forming 19.65% of the county's population (Orthodox (17.43%) (15,295 people), Evangelists (0.08% (59 people) (and Roman Catholics) (2.07%) (1,493 people).
The coasts on the west can be very steep and rocky with green panoramic vistas and high mountains in the hinterland, including the Ceraunian Mountains.
The northwest of the county is mostly located on the peninsula of Karaburun, with a rough relief, steep cliffs, bays and rocky beaches.
With more than 180,000 inhabitants in 2016, the county is the seventh most populous county within Albania, and the third most populous within the Southern Region.
Sarandë is one of the most important tourist attractions of the Albanian Riviera, situated on an open sea gulf of the Ionian Sea in the central Mediterranean, about east of the north end of the Greek island of Corfu.
Further north another Chaonian settlement was founded, Himarë, while the Corinthians founded the colony of Aulon at the bay of Vlorë.
In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the Byzantine Empire, while during the Slavic invasion there is evidence that Byzantine rule was maintained in the area.
In 1335 Albanian tribes descended south and were in possession of the area between Berat and the bay of Vlorë, while in 1345 after the Serbian invasion an independent principality was formed in Vlorë.
In the middle of the 14th century the aristocratic Delvina family ruled Delvinë, and in 1354 Mehmet Ali Pasha Delvina was testified as the owner of the castle and the city.
The county lies between latitudes 41° N, and longitudes 20° E. It measures an area of placing it the fifth largest in Albania and the third largest in the Southern Region, behind Korçë County and Gjirokastër County.
It is bordered by the counties of Fier to the north and Gjirokastër to the east, the country of Greece to the south and the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, as well as the Ionian Sea in the west.
Sazan Island is located strategically between the Strait of Otranto and the entrance to the Bay of Vlorë and has an area of with no civil population.
In addition to being the largest island in Albania, it is a military facility and sometimes in clear weather it may be seen by eye from the coast of Salento, Italy.
It has an area of half an hectare, with an approximate length of 80 meters and a width of 100 meters.
The larger island is nearly completely covered with tall pine trees and is connected to the mainland by a 270m long wooden bridge.
The smaller island has a smaller vegetation, being 230m in length and 100m in width, with an area of little more than 1 hectare.
The most densely populated areas are the coastal cities of Vlorë, Sarandë and Himarë, while vast regions, such the highlands, are very sparsely populated.
The surrounding region of the city is mainly agricultural and pastoral; a large producer of petroleum, natural gas, bitumen and salt.
Vlorë has grown in importance as an agricultural center with large-scale planting of olive and citrus fruit trees, and as a center of the food processing, oil and bitumen export industries.
It is a significant tourist destination on the Ionian Sea, and by far one of the most popular destinations in Albania.
Vlorë County is considered a prosperous region, one with varied attractions, plants and mountains, rivers and lakes, springs and virgin beaches, citrus plantations, olive groves and vineyards, pastures and woods, fish and shellfish farming and desirable hunting places.
Sarandë's stony beaches are respectable, and there are plenty of sights in and around town, including the ancient archaeological site of Butrint and the hypnotic Blue Eye Spring.
A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays.
Seven-segment representation of figures can be found in patents as early as 1903 (in ), when Carl Kinsley invented a method of telegraphically transmitting letters and numbers and having them printed on tape in a segmented format.
They were also used to show the dialed telephone number to operators during the transition from manual to automatic telephone dialing.
They are sometimes used in posters or tags, where the user either applies color to pre-printed segments, or applies color through a seven-segment digit template, to compose figures such as product prices or telephone numbers.
Unlike LEDs, the shapes of elements in an LCD panel are arbitrary since they are formed on the display by a kind of printing process.
In contrast, the shapes of LED segments tend to be simple rectangles, reflecting the fact that they have to be physically moulded to shape, which makes it difficult to form more complex shapes than the segments of 7-segment displays.
However, the high common recognition factor of 7-segment displays, and the comparatively high visual contrast obtained by such displays relative to dot-matrix digits, makes seven-segment multiple-digit LCD screens very common on basic calculators.
Seven-segment displays may use a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) for each segment, an electrochromic display, or other light-generating or controlling techniques such as cold cathode gas discharge (Panaplex), vacuum fluorescent (VFD), incandescent filaments (Numitron), and others.
Hence a 7 segment plus decimal point package will only require nine pins, though commercial products typically contain more pins, and/or spaces where pins would go, in order to match standard IC sockets.
Some of these integrated displays incorporate their own internal decoder, though most do not: each individual LED is brought out to a connecting pin as described.
Multiple-digit LED displays as used in pocket calculators and similar devices used multiplexed displays to reduce the number of I/O pins required to control the display.
For example, all the anodes of the A segments of each digit position would be connected together and to a driver circuit pin, while the cathodes of all segments for each digit would be connected.
To operate any particular segment of any digit, the controlling integrated circuit would turn on the cathode driver for the selected digit, and the anode drivers for the desired segments; then after a short blanking interval the next digit would be selected and new segments lit, in a sequential fashion.
In this manner an eight digit display with seven segments and a decimal point would require only 8 cathode drivers and 8 anode drivers, instead of sixty-four drivers and IC pins.
Often in pocket calculators the digit drive lines would be used to scan the keyboard as well, providing further savings; however, pressing multiple keys at once would produce odd results on the multiplexed display.
Although to a naked eye all digits of an LED display appear lit, the implementation of a typical multiplexed display described above means that in reality only a single digit is lit at any given time.
In most applications, the seven segments are of nearly uniform shape and size (usually elongated hexagons, though trapezoids and rectangles can also be used), though in the case of adding machines, the vertical segments are longer and more oddly shaped at the ends in an effort to further enhance readability.
The seven segments are arranged as a rectangle of two vertical segments on each side with one horizontal segment on the top, middle, and bottom.
Four binary bits are needed to specify the numbers 0-9, but can also specify 10-15, so usually decoders with 4 bit inputs can also display Hexadecimal (Hex) digits.
Today, a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters is commonly used for A–F; this is done to obtain a unique, unambiguous shape for each hexadecimal digit (otherwise, a capital 'D' would look identical to a '0' and a capital 'B' would look identical to an '8').
There are some conflicts with numerical characters, such as letter 'O' vs zero '0', letter 'I' vs one '1', letter 'S' vs five '5', though a lowercase 'o' and 'i' could be used instead.
In addition, seven-segment displays can be used to show various other letters of the Latin, Cyrillic and Greek alphabets including punctuation, but few representations are unambiguous and intuitive at the same time.
When all letters need to be displayed on a device, sixteen-segment and dot matrix displays are better choices than seven-segment displays.
In the case of such messages it is not necessary for every letter to be unambiguous, merely for the words as a whole to be readable.
There are also fourteen and sixteen segment displays (for full alphanumerics); however, these have mostly been replaced by dot matrix displays.
Twenty-two segment displays capable of displaying the full ASCII character set were briefly available in the early 1980s, but did not prove popular.
Mehbooba Mufti (born 22 May 1959) is an Indian politician of the Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), who served last Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 4 April 2016 to 19 June 2018.
She formed a coalition government with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and resigned on 19 June 2018 after the BJP withdrew from the coalition.
She is the president of the PDP and was a member of the Indian parliament, representing Anantnag in the 16th Lok Sabha; before she was sworn in as the Chief Minister of J&K.
She had previously represented Anantnag in the 14th Lok Sabha (2004–09) but did not contest the 2009 election for the 15th Lok Sabha.
When elections for the state assembly were held in 1996, Mehbooba became one of the most popular members elected from Bijbehara on an Indian National Congress ticket.
Her father had returned to the Congress, which he had left in 1987, angry at the alliance that party had formed with its traditional rival in the state, the National Conference.
Mehbooba quickly made a mark as the leader of the opposition in the assembly, taking on the government of Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah with asperity.
She resigned her assembly seat and went on to contest the parliamentary elections in 1999 from Srinagar, where she lost to the sitting member Omar Abdullah.
She won the Pahalgam seat in the state assembly from South Kashmir, defeating Rafi Ahmed Mir, when assembly elections were held again in 2002.
After her father's death in January 2016, when he was heading the coalition government in Jammu and Kashmir, she took forward the same alliance with Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP), the second time the BJP and the PDP formed a government in Jammu and Kashmir.
On 25 June 2016, she won an Assembly seat in a by-election in Anantnag with the highest margin in any recent elections there and thereafter focussed on settling of Rohingyas.
In November, Iltija Mufti had written a letter to the Srinagar Deputy Commissioner to shift her mother to a place better equipped for the valley's winter.
The Star of India emblem, the insignia of order and the informal emblem of British India, was also used as the basis of a series of flags to represent the Indian Empire.
The order is the fifth most senior British order of chivalry, following the Order of the Garter, Order of the Thistle, Order of St Patrick and Order of the Bath.
It is the senior order of chivalry associated with the British Raj; junior to it is the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and there is also, for women only, the Imperial Order of the Crown of India.
Several years after the Indian Mutiny and the consolidation of Great Britain's power as the governing authority in India, it was decided by the British Crown to create a new order of knighthood to honour Indian Princes and Chiefs, as well as British officers and administrators who served in India.
The Order of the Indian Empire, founded in 1877, was intended to be a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India; consequently, many more appointments were made to the latter than to the former.
The last appointments to the orders relating to the British Empire in India were made in the 1948 New Year Honours, some months after the Partition of India in August 1947.
The orders have never been formally abolished, and Elizabeth II succeeded her father George VI as Sovereign of the Orders when she ascended the throne in 1952.
All those surviving members who had already been made Knights Companion of the Order were retroactively known as Knights Grand Commander.
Former viceroys and other high officials, as well as those who served in the Department of the Secretary of State for India for at least thirty years were eligible for appointment.
Some states were of such importance that their rulers were almost always appointed Knights Grand Commanders; such rulers included the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, the Maharaja of Baroda, the Maharajas of Gwalior, the Nawab of Bhopal, the Maharaja of Indore, the Maharana of Udaipur, the Maharaja of Travancore, the Maharana of Jodhpur and the Maharao of Cutch.
Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares and Sir Azizul Haque were appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1892 and 1941 respectively, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in 1898, and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) for his services in the First World War in the 1921 New Year Honours.
Rulers of other nations in Asia and the Middle East, including the Emir of Kuwait, the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty, the Khedive of Egypt, the King of Bhutan and the rulers of Zanzibar, Bahrain and Oman were also appointed to the Order.
Like some rulers of princely states, some rulers of particular prestige, for example the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty or the Sultans of Oman, were usually appointed Knights Grand Commanders.
The first woman to be admitted to the order was Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal; she was created a Knight Companion at the Order's foundation in 1861.
When collars were worn (either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations), the badge was suspended from the collar.
Unlike the insignia of most other British chivalric orders, the insignia of the Order of the Star of India did not incorporate crosses, as they were deemed unacceptable to the Indian Princes appointed to the Order.
Wives of members of all classes also featured on the order of precedence, as did sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders.
Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms.
They could, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter.
These districts officially dissolved on April 1, 2015 when they were merged into eleven larger districts, whose populations are listed at Local government in Northern Ireland.
The magic constant or magic sum of a magic square is the sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of the magic square.
Summing the individual moments of inertia ( distance squared from the center x the cell value) gives the moment of inertia for the magic square.
Located south of Barra, it is known for its important seabird populations, including puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and razorbills, which nest in the sea-cliffs, amongst the highest in the British Isles.
Between the 15th and 19th centuries Mingulay was part of the lands of Clan MacNeil of Barra, but subsequently suffered at the hands of absentee landlords.
After two thousand years or more of continuous habitation, the island was abandoned by its Gaelic-speaking residents in 1912 and has remained uninhabited since.
In the Pleistocene era Mingulay was covered by the ice sheets which spread from Scotland out into the Atlantic Ocean beyond the Outer Hebrides.
After the last retreat of the ice around 20,000 years ago, sea levels were lower than at present and circa 14,000 BP it was joined to a single large island comprising most of what is now the Outer Hebrides.
Steadily rising sea levels since that time then isolated the island, which is made up of Hebridean gneiss interspersed with some granite.
The ice deposited both erratic blocks of rock and boulder clay on the eastern side of the island around Mingulay Bay.
There are several outlying islets including the twin rocks of Sròn a Dùin to the south-west, Geirum Mòr and Geirum Beag to the south between Mingulay and the nearby island of Berneray, and Solon Mòr ('Big Gannet'), Solon Beag ('Little Gannet'), Sgeirean nan Uibhein, Barnacle Rock and a smaller stack called The Red Boy, all to the north between Mingulay and Pabbay.
The last was named when a relief ship was sent by MacNeil of Barra to discover why communications from the island had ceased.
The south-western promontory of Dun Mingulay has the remains of an Iron Age fort and there is a pre-historic site at Crois an t-Suidheachain near the western landing place at Aneir at the southern end of Mingulay Bay, which may have been a stone circle.
In historic times the Hebrides have been heavily influenced by Celtic, Norse and Scots culture and this is evident in the variety of names the isle possesses.
Early Christianity influenced Mingulay (for example the nearby islands of Pabbay and Berneray both have cross-inscribed slabs) but no direct evidence has yet been found.
From circa 871 onwards Viking raids on the Outer Hebrides gathered pace but similarly the Viking graves found on Berneray and Vatersay are not replicated on Mingulay and whilst there are no definite indications of Norse settlement, their presence on the island is confirmed by the many features they named.
Acknowledged by Malcolm III as part of the Kingdom of the Isles, a Norwegian crown dependency, from the 12th century onwards Norwegian power in the Western Isles weakened.
In 1427, following violence between the MacRory heirs to Garmoran (Clan Ranald, the Siol Gorrie, and Siol Murdoch), Garmoran was declared forfeit.
That same year – 1427 – following the forfeiture, the Lords of the Isles (the remaining MacRory heirs) awarded Lairdship of Barra (and its associated islands) and half of South Uist to Clan MacNeil of Barra.
The islanders' livelihood was based on fishing (for white fish, herring and lobster), crofting (with up to 55 ha (0.21 sq mi) of arable and pasture land fertilised by wrack on which sheep, cattle, ponies, pigs and poultry were kept) and very dependent on the bounty provided by seabirds.
The Reformation never reached the south of the Outer Hebrides and Roman Catholicism held sway from the 12th century to the early 20th.
The lack of a resident priest meant that services were often organised by the lay community, but the local culture and traditions of songs and story-telling were rich and varied.
Since Protestantism was extended to the savage parts of Scotland, it has perhaps been one of the chief labours of the Ministers to abolish stated observances, because they continued the remembrance of the former religion.
An each-uisge was thought to live in a bottomless well near the summit of Macphee's Hill, and faery and their associated music were taken for granted, if generally avoided.
The curative powers of the seventh son of a seventh son were assumed to be sufficient for the treatment of diseases as serious as tuberculosis.
The Barra estates of MacNeil (including all the Barra Isles) were sold to Colonel John Gordon of Cluny Aberdeenshire in 1840 whose lack of consideration for his tenants during the potato famines was matched by his zeal for evictions to create sheep farms.
However, the Highland Clearances seemed to have the effect of increasing Mingulay's population as families evicted from Barra sometimes chose to re-settle there rather than take the emigrant ships to Nova Scotia.
Later census records show that there were 113 residents in 1841, 150 in 1881, 142 in 1891 (occupying 28 houses, compared to the 1841 total of 19), and 135 in 1901.
Families were often large, and ten or more children was not uncommon, with three generations sometimes sharing a single small house.
In the 19th century fishermen sold fish in Glasgow and Ireland, both men and women worked on the east coast herring fishing industry, and food was brought in from mainland Scotland on a regular basis.
At the height of village life there was a mill, a chapel house consisting of a church and a priest's residence, and a school.
However, despite there being a continuous population on Mingulay for at least two thousand years, evacuations began in 1907 and the island was completely abandoned by its residents in 1912.
In 1897 a boat from the neighbouring island of Pabbay was lost off Barra Head with its crew of five: more than half of Pabbay's male population, and this did not encourage confidence amongst the fishermen of Mingulay.
The lack of a sheltered landing meant that the island could be unreachable for weeks at a time, and loading and unloading goods was at best strenuous and at worst hazardous.
This may have meant less at a time when possessions were fewer, but no doubt the population was also increasingly aware of their relative isolation.
one common thread would appear to be the unwillingness of even the most stoical and historically-aware communities to continue an existence based upon endless physical hardship when the opportunity of an easier livelihood elsewhere is there to be taken.
They said their farewells in Castlebay but it did not work out for the latter and he returned from the United States three months later.
To his great surprise he met his friend in Castlebay again, who explained that he had been unable to return to Mingulay since they had last met because of adverse sea conditions.
The Congested Districts Board installed a derrick to assist with the landings at Aneir at the south end of the Bay in 1901, but the design was flawed and its failure was a further disappointment.
In July 1906 grazing land on Vatersay was raided by landless cottars from Barra and its isles, including three families from Mingulay.
By 1910 there were only a dozen fishermen in six families living there, and in summer 1912 the island was finally abandoned.
Some may have wished to stay, but by now the population had been reduced below a viable number and the lack of a school, which had closed in April 1910, would have been a factor.
It is claimed that neither did he like travelling there, nor did the church receive much in the collection box on his visits.
Russell was clearly a man who liked his own company, choosing to live on the island alone all autumn and winter with his pet ferrets and cats, and joined by two shepherds for the spring and summer only.
After seven years he sold up to Peggy Greer, a farmer from Essex who visited only rarely and let the grazings out to local farmers.
In 1951 she attempted to sell the island herself, but without success until 1955 when a local crofters' syndicate called the Barra Head Isles Sheepstock Company completed the purchase.
The advent of motor boats made stocking the islands considerably easier and the company's ownership continued for the next forty years.
Only two buildings survive on the island: the schoolhouse and the chapel house, although the latter has recently lost its roof and front wall.
Mingulay has a large seabird population, and is an important breeding ground for razorbills (9,514 pairs, 6.3% of the European population), guillemots (11,063 pairs) and black-legged kittiwakes (2,939 pairs).
shags (694 individuals), fulmar (11,626 pairs), puffins (2,072 pairs), storm petrel, common terns, Arctic terns, bonxies and various species of gull also nest in the sea-cliffs.
Manx shearwaters nested on Lianamul stack until the late 18th century, when they were driven away by puffins, and tysties have also been recorded there.
Sea holly, otherwise rare in the Western Isles, has grown on Mingulay since at least the late nineteenth century, and sea milkwort, normally only found at sea level is able to grow on the high cliff tops due to the ocean spray and seagull manure.
The National Trust for Scotland operates two licensed boatmen from Barra and further information may be available at the tourist office in Castlebay.
Landing on the beach may be difficult as there is a regular heavy swell and approaching the old landing place at Aneir may be easier.
It has been recorded by numerous artists including Robin Hall and Jimmy MacGregor in 1971, The Idlers and Richard Thompson in 2006.
Although the fame of the song means that it is one of the few things popularly associated with the island and it is evocative of island life, it was never sung by its residents, having been composed long after the evacuation.
Some of Ritty's employees would take the customers' money and pocket it, rather than depositing the cash that was meant to pay for the food, drink, and other wares.
In 1878 while on a steamboat trip to Europe, Ritty became intrigued by a mechanism that counted how many times the ship's propeller went around.
As soon as he got home to Dayton, Ritty and his brother John, a skilled mechanic, began working on a design for such a device.
After several failed prototypes, they created their third design, operated by pressing a key that represented a specific amount of money.
The company did not prosper and in 1881, James Ritty became overwhelmed with the responsibilities of running two businesses, and sold all his interests in the cash register business.
The buyers were a group of investors including Jacob H. Eckert of Cincinnati, a china and glassware salesman who formed the National Manufacturing Company, and John and Frank Patterson, who were then in the coal and railroad business.
Ritty was not resentful that he did not benefit much from his invention and maintained friendly relations with John H. Patterson and many times was invited to attend various NCR meetings and conferences.
James Ritty opened another saloon, the Pony House, in 1882 in a building on South Jefferson Street that was previously a school of French and English for young ladies.
For the Pony House, Ritty commissioned wood carvers from Barney and Smith Car Company to turn 5,400 pounds of Honduras mahogany into a bar.
The initials JR adorn the center peak and the left and right sections are similar to the interior of a passenger railcar, with the giant mirrors set back about a foot with curved, hand-tooled leather covered elements at the top and curved bezel mirror-encrusted sections on each side.
When the Pony House building was torn down in 1967, the bar was saved and today is the bar at Jay's Seafood in Dayton.
The NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship is an annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate water polo.
With a limited number of NCAA water polo programs at the national level, all men's teams, whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III, are eligible to compete each year.
The tournament was expanded from a four-team bracket in 2013 by adding two play-in games that are contested by the bottom four seeds, effectively creating a six-team bracket with a first-round bye for the top two teams.
While the championship often includes teams from around the country, most programs are located within the state of California, and no school from outside California has ever surpassed third place or participated in the NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship game.
California is the most successful program with 14 titles, followed by UCLA with 11 titles, Stanford (10 titles), and USC (10 titles).
Conferences receiving automatic qualification included the Collegiate Water Polo Association, the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation and the Western Water Polo Association.
Conferences receiving automatic qualification included the Collegiate Water Polo Association, the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation and the Western Water Polo Association.
Six teams were seeded into the tournament, with the bottom four participating in Play-in games to fill the four team bracket.
Four conferences received automatic qualification: the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 6 and 7, 2014 at UC San Diego's Canyonview Aquatic Center, La Jolla, CA.
Conferences received automatic qualification were the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
Conferences received automatic qualification were the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
Conferences received automatic qualification are the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), Golden Coast Conference (GCC), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Northeast Water Polo Conference (NWPC), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
Conference, the Golden Coast Conference (GCC), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Northeast Water Polo Conference (NWPC), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
The top two ranked teams are placed in the bracket, with the other six teams competing for the final two spots in opening and first round games.
The NCAA men's water polo championship will be held December 7 and 8, 2019 at the Chris Kjeldsen Aquatic Center, Stockton, California.
Conference, the Golden Coast Conference (GCC), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Northeast Water Polo Conference (NWPC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
The top two ranked teams are placed in the bracket, with the other five teams competing for the final spots in the opening and first round games.
He served during the Parthian War of Lucius Verus, in which he distinguished himself, for which he was elevated to the Senate, and later made Imperial legate.
In 175AD, Cassius declared himself emperor, because he had received news, from Marcus Aurelius' wife, that the Emperor Marcus Aurelius was about to die.
He received broad support in the eastern provinces of Egypt, Syria, Syria Palaestina and Arabia Petraea, especially Syria, which was his homeland.
Despite his control of the vital grain production of Egypt, and his command of seven legions, he was heavily outmatched by Aurelius.
While Aurelius was amassing a force to defeat Cassius, a centurion of one of Cassius' legions murdered Cassius, sending his head to Aurelius as proof.
According to Cassius Dio, he received this post, which was one of the highest posts that an equestrian could hold, due to his oratory skills alone.
His mother, Julia Cassia, was the great-granddaughter of Junia Lepida, who was herself a great-great-granddaughter of the first Roman emperor, Augustus.
Cassius was also a distant descendant of the Roman client-king Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Commagene, who had been dethroned half a century before.
Before the end of the year, Cassius and his legion marched to the south, crossed Mesopotamia at its narrowest point, and attacked and sacked the twin Parthian cities of the Tigris river: Seleucia, which was on the right bank; and Ctesiphon, which was on the left bank and was the Parthian capital.
Despite the fact that Seleucia had surrendered to the Romans, he destroyed it as well, justifying it by claiming that the local population had broken their agreement.
After showing the first signs of having contracted the plague, Cassius marched back to Syria, carrying with him the spoils taken from his campaign.
Much of his success was credited to Emperor Lucius Verus, who, although himself an excellent commander, was notedly unafraid of delegating military tasks to more competent generals.
During that year, Lucius Verus and Cassius launched a new campaign against the Parthians, invading across the northern stretch of the Tigris river, into Media.
This rebellion was centered in the area of the Pentapolis of Middle Egypt, and was motivated by a rapid rise of grain prices in the area.
Cassius succeeded in putting down this revolt in 175AD, after using a strategy of dividing the various revolting tribespeople, and then conquering them.
In 175 AD, after hearing false reports that Marcus Aurelius had succumbed to his severe illness, Cassius declared himself emperor, claiming that Aurelius' troops in Pannonia, where he had been leading troops as a part of the Marcomannic War, had elected him emperor.
Some versions say that Cassius was tricked, or persuaded, by Faustina the Younger, who was the wife of Aurelius, because she feared that Aurelius would die while Commodus, their son, was still young, a situation which would likely have led to a usurper seizing the throne for himself.
According to these accounts, Faustina thus tricked, or persuaded, Cassius into rebelling, to ensure the next emperor was someone of her choosing.
The exact date of his revolt is unknown, although it is known that he revolted by at least 3 May, due to a document about his emperorship from that date.
A papyrus from the Oxyrhynchus Papyri has shown that Cassius was confident of Egyptian support as early as April or even March.
Aurelius attempted to suppress news of the revolt, but, when it became widespread throughout his camp, chose to address it in a speech.
The exact wording of his speech is unknown, as the record given by Cassius Dio is believed to be a free composition, which followed only the outline of Aurelius' actual speech.
He was also recorded as saying that he hoped that Cassius would not be killed or commit suicide, so that he could show mercy.
He received large support from the Eastern provinces, especially his homeland of Syria, due to a combination of his distant royal descent, his victories in the Parthian War and the Bucolic War.
He received support from the provinces of Egypt, Syria, Syria Palaestina and Arabia Petraea, giving him a potential strength of seven legions: three from Syria, two from Syria Palaestina, one from Roman Arabia, and one from Egypt.
Cassius set his base of operations in Egypt, with two important bases outside of Egypt being Antioch and Cyrrhus, both important military centres.
Gaius Calvisius Statianus, the contemporary prefect of Egypt, issued an edict, which has survived in a fragmentary state, ordering the populace of Egypt to rejoice at the accession of Cassius.
Despite controlling some of the most important parts of the Roman East, especially Egypt which was a critical supplier of grain for the city of Rome, Cassius failed to win widespread support for his rebellion.
The Roman Senate swiftly declared Cassius a public enemy, and Publius Martius Verus, the governor of Cappadocia, who staunchly opposed the rebellion, rallied public support for Aurelius.
Cassius, through the marriage of his daughter, Avidia Alexandra, to Titius Claudius Dryantianus Antonius, had connection to the Licinni family, including Claudius Dryantianus's father Tiberius Claudius Agrippinus, who was a consul.
It is unknown how much of a role Claudius Dryantianus played, although it is known that some considered him to be Cassius' partner in crime.
Despite this widespread opposition, the capital of Rome was thrown into a panic, which forced Aurelius to send Gaius Vettius Sabinianus Julius Hospes, the governor of Pannonia Inferior, with troops to secure the city.
It was soon clear that Aurelius was in a stronger position, with far more legions available to him than to Cassius.
When news of Aurelius' plans to invade reached Egypt, a centurion killed Cassius, and sent his head to Aurelius, who refused to see it, and ordered it buried.
He was likely killed by at least the end of July 175, as Egypt chose to recognize Aurelius again on 28 July 175.
Cassius had rebelled for three months and six days before being killed, during which time no coins were struck bearing his image.
He set off with a body of advisors, along with his wife, Faustina, who died along the way, in a village in south Cappadocia, about south of Tyana, called Halala.
After the death of Faustina, Aurelius wrote to the Senate, asking them for a report on Cassius' supporters, but specifically saying he desired no bloodshed to punish them, as several retributions had already been carried out in the name of Aurelius.
Kant's opening paragraph of the essay is a much-cited definition of a lack of enlightenment as people's inability to think for themselves due not to their lack of intellect, but lack of courage.
Kant's essay also addressed the causes of a lack of enlightenment and the preconditions necessary to make it possible for people to enlighten themselves.
He held it necessary that all church and state paternalism be abolished and people be given the freedom to use their own intellect.
He argues that the immaturity is self-inflicted not from a lack of understanding, but from the lack of courage to use one's reason, intellect, and wisdom without the guidance of another.
Kant, whose moral philosophy is centred on the concept of autonomy, distinguishes between a person who is intellectually autonomous and one who keeps him/herself in an intellectually heteronomous, i.e., dependent and immature status.
Kant understands the majority of people to be content to follow the guiding institutions of society, such as the Church and the Monarchy, and unable to throw off the yoke of their immaturity due to a lack of resolution to be autonomous.
It is difficult for individuals to work their way out of this immature, cowardly life because we are so uncomfortable with the idea of thinking for ourselves.
There is hope that the entire public could become a force of free thinking individuals if they are free to do so.
But the responsibilities of their office do not preclude them from publicly voicing any opinions that may conflict with those responsibilities.
With freedom, each citizen, especially the clergy, could provide public comment until public insight and public opinion changes the religious institution.
By defining doctrines and making them politically binding, the Church can control the growth of reason, therefore, publicly it is in your own self-interest not to assent to a set of beliefs that hinder the development of your reason.
Practical thinking is the application of theoretical thinking to our thoughts, with which we can ensure the basis of moral laws through the concepts of freedom, highest good and happiness.
Humanity as a species requires historical development to become autonomous, for reason does not work instinctively; it requires trial, practice and instruction to allow it to progress.
After doing a number of independent films, he met Amanda Winn-Lee, who suggested he audition for anime English dubbing at ADV Films.
As part of Funimation's goal to get the service of the original voice actors from shows and movies they acquired distributing rights for, Spencer reprised Shinji in the movies.
Spencer is married to multi-passionate entrepreneur, owner of Fitness with Kim and CrownYourself.com, screenwriter, Kim MacKenzie, a former Miss California contestant and Miss Norway 2014 in the Queen of the Universe Pageant, as of October 4, 2014.
The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
The British authorities intended the Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India (founded in 1861); consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter.
However, on 21 June 1887, a further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three – Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion.
In 1886, the Order was divided into the two classes of Knights Commander (50 at any given time) and Companions (no quota).
The following year the class of Knight Grand Commander (25 at any given time) was added; the composition of the other two classes remained the same.
By Letters Patent of 2 Aug 1886, the number of Knights Commander was increased to 82, while Commanders were limited to 20 nominations per year (40 for 1903 only).
A special statute of 21 October 1902 permitted up to 92 Knights Commander, but continued to limit the number of nominations of Commanders to 20 in any successive year.
On 21 December 1911, in connection with the Delhi Durbar, the limits were increased to 40 Knights Grand Commander, 120 Knights Commander, and 40 nominations of companions in any successive year.
Generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of the Order of the Indian Empire.
The insignia of most other British chivalric orders incorporates a cross: the Order of the Indian Empire does not in deference to India's non-Christian tradition.
Wives of members of all classes also featured on the order of precedence, as did sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders.
Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms.
They could, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter.
Situated at the center of the Kashmir valley, Srinagar is the second most populous district in Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir, after Jammu District, and, is home to the summer capital (Srinagar) of Jammu and Kashmir (The capital moves to Jammu city in the winter).
According to the 2011 census Srinagar district has a population of 1,236,829, roughly equal to the nation of Estonia or the US state of New Hampshire.
Seven conferences have teams competing in women's water polo: the Big West Conference, the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the single-sport Golden Coast Conference, the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).
The NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship was held on May 8–13, 2018 at the USC Uytengsu Aquatics Center, Los Angeles, California.
Conference champions from the Big West, CWPA, Golden Coast Conference, MAAC, MPSF, SCIAC and WWPA are represented with the seven automatic bids.
Conference champions from the Big West, CWPA, Golden Coast Conference, MAAC, MPSF, SCIAC and WWPA are represented with the seven automatic bids.
Maggie Steffens of Stanford, who scored the winning goal against UCLA with 9 seconds left, was named the tournament's most valuable player.
Conference champions from the Big West, CWPA, Golden Coast Conference, MAAC, MPSF, SCIAC and WWPA were represented with the seven automatic bids.
As has been the case since 2011, conference champions from the MPSF, WWPA, SCIAC, CWPA, MAAC, and Big West represented the six automatic bids.
The tournament was held at the SDSU's Aztec Aquaplex in San Diego, California with automatic bids for the MPSF, CWPA, Big West, MAAC, WWPA and SCIAC conferences.
The tournament was held at the University of Michigan's Canham Natatorium in Ann Arbor, Michigan with automatic bids for the MPSF (Stanford), CWPA (Indiana), Big West (UCI), MAAC (Iona), WWPA (UC San Diego) and SCIAC (Redlands).
The tournament field was announced on Monday, May 3, 2010 with the championship tournament on May 14–16 at San Diego State University's Aztec Aquaplex.
The following conferences and institutions received automatic qualification for the 2009 championships, which were played on May 8–10: Collegiate Water Polo Association, Michigan; Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, Marist; Mountain Pacific Sports Federation, USC; Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Cal Lutheran; and Western Water Polo Association, Loyola Marymount.
The UCLA Bruins women's team (3rd seeded) battled the #1 rated USC Trojans for the national championship on Sunday, May 10, 2009 at College Park, Maryland.
With two goals from Tanya Gandy in the first minute of the game, UCLA won a record fifth consecutive crown, 11th national title and 7th NCAA crown, by a score of 5-4.
Assessing the national power of political entities was already a matter of relevance during the classical antiquity, the middle ages and the renaissance and today.
Important facets of geography such as location (geography), climate, topography, and size play major roles in the ability of a nation to gain national power.
The presence of a water obstacle provided protection to nation states such as Great Britain, Japan, and the United States and allowed Japan to follow isolationist policies.
The presence of large accessible seaboards also permitted these nations to build strong navies and expand their territories peacefully or by conquest.
In contrast, Poland, with no obstacle for its powerful neighbours, even lost its independence as a nation, being partitioned among the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria from 1795 onwards till it regained independence in 1918.
Climate affects the productivity of Russian agriculture as the majority of the nation is in latitudes well north of ideal latitudes for farming.
Expeditors became a publicly traded company in 1984 with the listing of its shares on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol EXPD () and were named to the NASDAQ-100 in 2002.
During their first year as a public company, Expeditors reported more than $50 million in gross revenues and $2.1 million in net earnings.
They are known in the financial services community for their unconventional and entertaining SEC filings, which are rumored to be written by former CEO Peter Rose himself, as well as its responses to questions submitted to the company, which are placed on Expeditors' Investor website.
Also known as cold moulding, the strip-built method is commonly used for canoes and kayaks, but also suitable for larger boats.
In a small boat, there will be just one layer of strip-planking, but larger vessels may have two or three layers which, (being a pre-shaped marine ply), forms a light, strong and torsionally stiff monococque.
In the 1950s, this process for building canoes and kayaks was adapted from ship/boat building techniques, and refined by a group of Minnesota canoe racers, primarily: Eugene Jensen, Irwin C.(Buzzy) Peterson, and Karl Ketter.
Strip-plank epoxy planking may be found on large yachts such as the Brady 45 catamaran, a plans-built Australian design with Indonesian cedar planking.
Working primarily with wood is much more pleasant for the builder than building exclusively with grp, which can cause irritation and respiratory problems.
Also, for a one-off constructor, it makes no sense to build a female mould; its is simpler and cheaper to manufacture a wooden jig that may be discarded afterwards.
Awards were also once given out for professional magazines in the professional magazine category, and since 1984 have been awarded for semi-professional magazines in the semiprozine category; several magazines that were nominated for or won the fanzine category have gone on to be nominated for or win the semiprozine category since it was established.
This is the oldest long-running Hugo award for fan activity; in 1967 Hugo Awards were added specifically for fan writing and fan art.
To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1951, and 1954, and the fanzine category has been included each year.
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), and the presentation evening constitutes its central event.
The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie.
The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated.
The 1955 and 1956 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up magazines, but since 1957 all of the candidates were recorded.
Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.
Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.
Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.
In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the work was first published.
Entries with a blue background won the award for that year; those with a white background are the other nominees on the short-list.
The Barra Isles, also known as the Bishop's Isles, are a small archipelago of islands in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
Access to these islands can be arranged with Barra Fishing Charters, who run regular trips to Mingulay from May to September and visit other islands by arrangement.
This article also includes former self-supporting stations later operating as rebroadcasters of regional affiliates, stations no longer affiliated with CBC Television, and stations purchased by the CBC that formerly operated as private CBC Television affiliates.
The number in parentheses that follows is the station's actual digital channel number; digital channels allocated for future use listed in parentheses are italicized.
Over the years the CBC has gradually reduced the number of private affiliates; until 2006 this usually involved either opening a new station (or new rebroadcast transmitters) in a market previously served by a private affiliate, or purchasing the affiliate outright.
In most cases since 2006 (when CFJC-TV disaffiliated), it declined to open new rebroadcasters in the affected markets for budgetary reasons, and since then has wound down its remaining affiliation agreements, with the last expiring on August 31, 2016.
These disaffiliations, along with the CBC's decision to shut down its TV rebroadcaster network in 2012, have significantly reduced the network's terrestrial coverage; however, under Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulations, all cable, satellite, and IPTV service providers are required to include a CBC Television signal in their basic service, even if one is not available terrestrially in the applicable service area.
This is a table listing of Radio-Canada affiliates, with stations owned by Radio-Canada separated from privately owned affiliates, and arranged by market.
This article also includes former self-supporting stations currently operating as rebroadcasters of regional affiliates, stations no longer affiliated with Télévision de Radio-Canada and stations purchased by the CBC that formerly operated as private Radio-Canada affiliates.
The number in parentheses which follows a virtual channel number is the station's actual digital channel number, digital channels allocated for future use listed in parentheses are italicized.
Originally, Barra Head only referred to the southernmost headland of Berneray but is now a common name for the entire island.
There are numerous prehistoric structures on the island and permanent occupation by 20–50 individuals occurred throughout the historic period, peaking in the 19th century.
From 1931 to 1980 Barra Head was inhabited only by the lighthouse keepers and their wives but the lighthouse is now automated and the island completely uninhabited.
Berneray lies to the west of the Sea of the Hebrides and south of Mingulay across the Sound of Berneray, which has a strong tidal stream.
Due to glacial action the sea channel to the east is significantly deeper than the open ocean to the west, reaching up to .
The rocky north coast has a small landing place at Leac na Fealia to the west and a small jetty at Achduin further east.
The highest point of the island is Sotan, a Marilyn whose summit lies above high cliffs between Barra Head and Skate Point.
This eminence is easily reached from the track that leads from Achduin to the lighthouse that passes just to the north of the summit, which is only from the cliff edge.
The lighthouse is located near the prominence of Sròn an Duin, just east of Skate Point and above the narrow chasm of Sloc na Bèiste (ravine of the monster).
Berneray was inhabited from prehistoric times until the 20th century; Historic Scotland have identified eighty-three archaeological sites on the island, the majority being of a pre-medieval date.
There are four chambered tombs, five cists and five other sites assumed to be burial cairns, suggesting a significant settlement in the Neolithic and Bronze Age.
The fort of Dùn Briste (the broken fort) lies to the north west and a second site nearby dating to the Iron Age was largely destroyed during the construction of the lighthouse.
There is also the presumed site of a chapel near MacLean's Point (just east of the landing place) where an incised cross, tentatively dated to between the sixth and ninth centuries was found.
Archaeological evidence of the Norse presence in the Hebrides is scant, but boat shaped stone settings found not far from the chapel may be graves from this period of occupation.
The 1841 census recorded a population of 30, rising to 56 in 1881 and then declining again to 36 in nine houses by 1891.
From this point the three families of the lighthouse keepers were the only residents and the island became uninhabited with the 1980 automation of the light.
During the 19th century agriculture was based on crops of barley, potatoes, oats, turnips and cabbages and livestock including sheep and cattle.
Ponies were kept, although their use may have been to transport materials to the lighthouse, and goats were also recorded in 1863.
The harvest of the seas remained important, with the island a base for exploiting the rich stocks of white fish by fishermen from several local islands.
The goodman of the house came home with a basketful of eggs from the rocks, and some birds he had caught.
Duncan Sinclair, the only Protestant on the island purchased a Bible and there was much bartering and bargaining with the islanders paying for their purchases in dried fish.
Far out into the Atlantic, exposed to its fullest fury, and generally inaccessible, yet has nursed a population before, rather than behind, those of the other Hebrides.
Without any advantages or other religious ordinances than are supplied by the annual visit of a priest from Barra, these very interesting people thirst for education, and would make considerable sacrifices to obtain it.
Barra Head Lighthouse identifies the southern entrance to The Minch, roughly halfway between the Eilean Glas and Rinns of Islay lighthouses.
The stone tower stands on the west side of the island, at the top of a very steep cliff, making the light above sea level, with a range of .
There is no shallow water west of Berneray to break the blow of the Atlantic storms and small fish are sometimes thrown onto the grass on the cliff top.
The oil-burning light was converted to incandescent in 1906 and the lighthouse was converted to automatic operation on 23 October 1980, when the last keepers were withdrawn.
The departure of the last of the crofting families meant an end to regular links by sea and the regular mist and fog rendered signalling unreliable.
The pier was built in the late 1930s with the approach of war, when a sophisticated radar system was installed to guard the Western Approaches.
A Blenheim bomber crashed into the cliffs nearby during World War II, but the wreck was not discovered until many years later by a rock climber.
In the early 1970s a research project sponsored by BP into a prototype safety boat for Barra Head also assisted the RNLI in developing the Atlantic 21 class lifeboat.
The first class stamp shows the Severn class lifeboat in action in the Sound of Berneray south west of Barra in a swell and a wind.
The National Trust for Scotland purchased the island in 2000 from a local crofters' syndicate called the Barra Head Isles Sheepstock Company who had owned the island since 1955.
Berneray and Mingulay form an important breeding site for around a hundred thousand pairs of seabirds, and are especially important for the razorbill, the two islands having at least 2.0% of the UK's breeding population in 1985.
He joined a travelling show, but disliked the publicity and returned to the islands to run a dairy in Castlebay in the summer and spend the winters at his home on Berneray.
The Roblin family was established in Sophiasburgh by Loyalist farmers Philip and Elizabeth Roblin from Smith's Clove (now known as Monroe) in Orange County, New York.
Roblin served as reeve of Dufferin for five years and as warden for two, and was also a school trustee in the community.
He entered provincial politics in the 1886 Manitoba election, running as a Liberal Party candidate against Conservative cabinet minister David H. Wilson in the constituency of Dufferin North.
Roblin was a supporter of Greenway in this period, and was re-elected by acclamation when the new premier called another provincial election for July 1888.
Although Greenway's Liberals won this election with a landslide majority, the new premier was unable to fulfill a campaign promise for the development of local railways.
The Canadian Pacific Railway had lost its formal monopoly in the region, but it was still the dominant line and transportation costs remained high.
After his failure to reform the provincial railway system, Greenway repudiated an earlier pledge and withdrew state support for Manitoba's Catholic and francophone education system.
Greenway's government was re-elected in the 1892 election, and Roblin was personally defeated in the rural constituency including the town of Morden.
Greenway won another landslide victory in the 1896 election, although Roblin was this time returned to the legislature for the constituency of Woodlands.
He became the parliamentary leader of the Conservatives for a second time, but stood aside to allow Hugh John Macdonald to become the official leader of the party in 1897.
The schools question was resolved in 1896, and Greenway was forced to defend a fairly mediocre record on other issues against a more organized opposition.
Macdonald resigned as premier on October 29, 1900, to run for the Conservative Party of Canada against Clifford Sifton in the federal riding of Brandon.
This consolidation of power reflected Roblin's personal authority over both the government and the provincial Conservative Party: his control over both would be unquestioned for the next fourteen years.
Despite (or because of) some coercion, he was able to effectively dispense patronage and could rely on the support of many loyal followers at the community level.
The extent of this victory may be credited to Greenway's leadership of the Liberal Party—he was increasingly uninterested in provincial politics, and was spending much of his time looking for a federal patronage appointment.
Roblin played a crucial role in the 1911 federal election on reciprocity, by putting his electoral machine at the disposal of the federal Conservative Party.
Like his counterpart James Whitney in Ontario, Roblin expanded the role of government in Manitoba and promoted many initiatives that would be regarded today as progressive.
As railway commissioner, he reached an agreement with Canadian Northern Railways to build an alternate route to the lakehead, and put control of the rates into the hands of the province.
His government also promoted significant expansions in health, education and road services, all of which were required to service Manitoba's rapidly increasing population.
Roblin's Tories created Manitoba's first crown corporations, expropriating Bell's telephone services to create a state-owned system—the first effective public utilities system in Canada.
Roblin also resisted demands to enact a labour code to protect workers, and was sometimes reluctant to enforce the province's existing legislation.
In 1904 he took the appalling step of reducing the age minima for child labour, and increasing the maximum hours of work for women and children.
When Roblin rejected calls for a formal investigation into the legislative buildings scandal, the Liberal opposition petitioned the Lieutenant Governor to take direct action.
The Lieutenant-Governor convened his own commission of enquiry, popularly known as the Mathers Commission as it was led by chief justice T.A.
Roblin formally resigned as premier on May 12, 1915, and Liberal leader Tobias Norris was called to form a new administration.
The commission report concluded that Roblin, Attorney General James H. Howden and developer Thomas Kelly had conspired to commit fraud in the contract arrangements.
A breechloader describes a firearm in which the cartridge or shell is inserted or loaded into a chamber integral to the rear portion of a barrel.
Modern mass production firearms are breech-loading (though mortars are generally muzzle-loaded), except those which are intended specifically by design to be muzzle-loaders and are legal for certain types of hunting.
The main advantage of breech-loading is a reduction in reloading time; it is much quicker to load the projectile and the charge into the breech of a gun or cannon than to try to force them down a long tube, especially when the bullet fit is tight and the tube has spiral ridges from rifling.
In field artillery, the advantages were similar: the crew no longer had to force powder and shot down a long barrel with rammers, and the shot could now tightly fit the bore (increasing accuracy greatly) without being impossible to ram home with a fouled barrel.
It also allows turrets and emplacements to be smaller (since breech loaded guns do not need to be retracted for loading).
After breech loading became common, it also became common practice to fit recoil systems onto field guns to prevent the recoil from rolling the carriage back with every shot and ruining the aim.
Now that guns were able to fire without recoiling, the crew was able to remain grouped closely around the gun, ready to load and put final touches on the aim, subsequent to firing the next shot.
That led to the development of an armored shield fitted to the carriage of the gun, to help shield the crew from long range area or sniper fire from the new, high-velocity, long-range rifles, or even machine guns.
Although breech-loading firearms were developed as far back as the late 14th century in Burgundy, breech-loading became more successful with improvements in precision engineering and machining in the 19th century (see Dreyse needle gun).
They were a particular type of swivel gun, and consisted in a small breech-loading cannon equipped with a swivel for easy rotation, and which could be loaded by inserting a mug-shaped chamber already filled with powder and projectiles.
Meanwhile, in Ming Dynasty China, an early form of breech loading musket, known as the Che Dian Chong, was known to have been created in the second half of the 16th century.
Roughly two hundred of the rifles were manufactured and used in the Battle of Brandywine, during the American Revolutionary War, but shortly after they were retired and replaced with the standard Brown Bess musket.
In Paris in 1808, in association with French gunsmith François Prélat, Jean Samuel Pauly created the first fully self-contained cartridges: the cartridges incorporated a copper base with integrated mercury fulminate primer powder (the major innovation of Pauly), a round bullet and either brass or paper casing.
The Pauly cartridge was further improved by the French gunsmith Casimir Lefaucheux in 1828, by adding a pinfire primer, but Lefaucheux did not register his patent until 1835: a pinfire cartridge containing powder in a card-board shell.
In 1845, another Frenchman Louis-Nicolas Flobert invented, for indoor shooting, the first rimfire metallic cartridge, constituted by a bullet fit in a percussion cap.
Usually derived in the 6 mm and 9 mm calibres, it is since then called the Flobert cartridge but it does not contain any powder; the only propellant substance contained in the cartridge is the percussion cap itself.
But the subsequent Houllier and Lefaucheux cartridges, even if they were the first full-metal shells, were still pinfire cartridges, like those used in the LeMat (1856) and Lefaucheux (1858) revolvers, although the LeMat also evolved in a revolver using rimfire cartridges.
In 1842, the Norwegian Armed Forces adopted the breechloading caplock, the Kammerlader, one of the first instances in which a modern army widely adopted a breechloading rifle as its main infantry firearm.
It was so called because of its .5-inch needle-like firing pin, which passed through a paper cartridge case to impact a percussion cap at the bullet base.
It began development in the 1830s under Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse and eventually an improved version of it was adopted by Prussia in the late 1840s.
This, and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870–71, eventually caused much interest in Europe for breech loaders and the Prussian military system in general.
In 1861 they placed orders for the Calisher and Terry carbine, which used a breech loading system using a bullet consisting of a standard Minié lead bullet in .54 calibre backed by a charge and tallowed wad, wrapped in nitrated paper to keep it waterproof.
The carbine was used extensively by the Forest Rangers, an irregular force led by Gustavus von Tempsky that specialized in bush warfare and reconnaissance.
The French adopted the new Chassepot rifle in 1866, which was much improved over the needle gun as it had dramatically fewer gas leaks due to its de Bange sealing system.
The British initially took the existing Enfield and fitted it with a Snider breech action (solid block, hinged parallel to the barrel) firing the Boxer cartridge.
Following a competitive examination of 104 guns in 1866, the British decided to adopt the Peabody-derived Martini-Henry with trap-door loading in 1871.
Single-shot breech-loaders would be used throughout the latter half of the 19th century, but were slowly replaced by various designs for repeating rifles, first used in the American Civil War.
The first modern breech-loading rifled gun is a breech-loader invented by Martin von Wahrendorff with a cylindrical breech plug secured by a horizontal wedge in 1837.
7, Lok Kalyan Marg (formerly 7, Race Course Road) is the official residence and principal workplace of the Prime Minister of India.
It is spread over 12 acres of land, comprising five bungalows in Lutyens' Delhi, built in the 1980s, which are Prime Minister's office-cum-residence zone and security establishment, including one occupied by Special Protection Group (SPG) and another being a guest house, though all are collectively called 7, Lok Kalyan Marg.
It does not house the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), which is located in the South Block of the Secretariat Building, on Raisina Hill nearby in New Delhi, where the Cabinet Secretariat functions.
When a new Prime Minister is nominated his/her original house is for the time being given a security detail and the new office holder is then advised to move in the 7, LKM at the earliest possible date.
The current address of the residence came into being in September 2016, following the renaming of the 'Race Course Road' to 'Lok Kalyan Marg'.
Earlier, the Prime Ministers of India lived in their own house or house allotted to them through Parliament, allotment by virtue of being an MP.
It was later allotted to the Congress (I) party, though a part of it became biographical museum, Lal Bhadur Shastri Memorial and Museum at 1, Motilal Nehru Place (formerly 10, Janpath), adjacent to the complex.
After the assassination of Indira Gandhi at her 1, Safdarjung Road residence garden while going towards neighbouring 1, Akbar Road office for an interview on 31 October 1984, it was converted into the Indira Gandhi Memorial and Museum.
Rajiv Gandhi, her son and successor as Prime Minister, along with his family, became the first occupant of erstwhile 7, Race Course Road, in 1984.
When V. P. Singh became the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Urban Affairs designated 7, Race Course Road premises occupied by Rajiv Gandhi as the permanent residence-cum-office of the Prime Minister of India to ensure that all successive prime ministers were allotted the same house on assuming office.
In the 1990s I. K. Gujral and some of his predecessors, used 7, Race Course Road as Prime Minister's Office (PMO).
The 14th and current Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi chose 5, Race Course Road as his residence as the erstwhile 7, Race Course Road was being refurbished at that time, after his predecessor Manmohan Singh had vacated it.
The bungalows of the 7 LKM were originally designed by Robert Tor Russell, who was part of British architect Edwin Lutyens’ team, when he was designing New Delhi in the 1920s and 1930s.
PM's residence-cum-office and security spread across five bungalows 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, including 5, Lok Kalyan Marg, the Private Residential Zone for the Prime Minister, though he operates from 7, Lok Kalyan Marg.
Earlier it was resided in by Dr. S. Venugopal Chary of TRS who vacated it on government’s requests with a purpose of beefing up the security.
Bungalow 3 which was earlier the residence of Dr. Manmohan Singh has now been converted into a guesthouse for PM's guests.
Constructed beyond Kemal Atatürk Marg, Golf Course and Safdarjung Tomb and then an overground drive to surface at the helicopter hangar at the airport, work on the tunnel began in 2010 and was completed by July 2014 and Modi was the first PM to use it.
Current prime minister Narendra Modi uses 5, LKM as his residence which has also been used as so by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Rajiv Gandhi.
It is equipped for video conferencing and simultaneous translations This can be modelled into 2–3 conference rooms and can also act as a banquet for a gather of 200–340 people.
While the government-run Special Protection Group (SPG) is the primary agency in charge of the security, it is aided by the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and Delhi Police to provide three-rung security for the estate.
No outside vehicle is allowed to go beyond this checkpoint and even high-profile visitors including cabinet ministers have to park their official vehicles by the checkpoint.
The only exception to this rule allowed by SPG is for the SPG protectors themselves who are allowed to take the vehicle carrying them into the complex.
A concrete wall was added on the periphery, separating the house from the main road, to render any truck bomb or a car bomb attack ineffective.
However the residence is surrounded by various high rise building and public structures, including Samrat Hotel, Ashoka Hotel, and state guesthouses on one side to the Delhi Gymkhana Club (DCG) and Delhi Race Course which lies across the road.
By 2004, the Intelligence Bureau (IB) took over most of the rooms of Samrat Hotel overlooking the residence and watchtowers were erected inside Delhi Gymkhana.
The residence has a power substation, and doctors and nurses from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences are on duty round the clock.
In 2004, the road was refurbished at a cost of to make it the permanent residence of the Indian Prime Minister.
7 LKM also has massive, manicured lawns and has abundant gulmohar, semal and arjuna trees which homes several birds, including peacocks.
The workplace at 7 LKM has two small rooms on either side from the entrance for each of the two personal secretaries.
Adjacent to that is the living space for larger meetings, behind which is the dining room where breakfast and lunch meetings are hosted.
On the walls are artworks loaned by the National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) which are often changed in consultation with the prime minister's office.
He proclaimed himself emperor, but after being defeated by the governor of Mauretania, his supporters in Carthage surrendered him to the imperial authorities.
Jean-Baptiste Louis Claude Théodore Leschenault de La Tour (13 November 1773 – 14 March 1826) was a French botanist and ornithologist.
Born at the family seat (since 1718), Le Villard, near Chalon-sur-Saône, Leschenault de la Tour arrived in Paris after the death of his father, a judge at Lyon.
He collected a great many new specimens in 1801 and 1802, though Baudin's journal suggests that he did not work particularly hard; apparently the poorly educated gardener's boy Antoine Guichenot collected more plant specimens than Leschenault did, and gave them more useful labels.
Forced to spend the next three years on Java he used the time to make the first thorough botanical investigation of the island, which had not previously been visited by naturalists except briefly by Carl Peter Thunberg.
Following the Napoleonic Wars, in May 1816 Leschenault travelled to India to collect plants and establish a botanical garden at Pondicherry.
Less than a year after his return Leschenault travelled to South America, visiting Brazil, Surinam and French Guiana, and introducing tea bushes to Cayenne, the capital of the French colony.
Though Leschenault published little, his collections were subsequently used by other French botanists, including Aimé Bonpland, René Louiche Desfontaines, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, Jacques Labillardière and Étienne Pierre Ventenat.
The Bearded Collie, or Beardie, is a herding breed of dog once used primarily by Scottish shepherds, but now mostly a popular family companion.
Kazimierz Grabski, a Polish merchant, reportedly traded a shipment of grain for sheep in Scotland in 1514 and brought six Polish Lowland Sheepdogs to move them.
A Scottish shepherd was so impressed with the herding ability of the dogs that he traded several sheep for several dogs.
It is generally agreed that Mrs. G. Olive Willison founded the modern Bearded Collie in 1944 with her brown bitch, Jeannie of Bothkennar.
She was so fascinated by the dog that she wanted to begin breeding, so she began searching for a dog for Jeannie.
While walking along the beach, Mrs. Willison met a man who was emigrating from Scotland; she became the owner of his grey dog, David, who became Bailie of Bothkennar.
Bailie and Jeannie of Bothkennar are the founders of the modern breed; there are only a few other registrable blood lines, preserved in large part by the perseverance of Mr. Nicolas Broadbridge (Sallen) and Mrs. Betty Foster (Bredon).
These are based on Turnbull's Blue—a Bearded Collie from pure working stock, registered in ISDS when ISDS still registered non-Border Collies.
The breed became popular during the last half of the 20th century—propelled, in part, by Potterdale Classic at Moonhill, a Bearded Collie who won Best in Show at Crufts in 1989.
The bearded collie is also very good natured and is good as a family pet and a working dog and a show dog.
The Bearded Collie ranks 117 out of 175 breeds in popularity in the United States, according to the American Kennel Club's yearly breed ranking.
Bearded Collies make excellent pets for those willing to accommodate their high energy level - they are very enthusiastic and have a bouncy nature.
Bearded Collies are an energetic breed, originally intended to work in the Scottish Highlands herding sheep; they also excel at treibball, dog agility and Obedience trials.
One of the most common problems for new Beardie owners is the breed's intelligence makes them prone to get quickly fed up if training gets too repetitive.
It is essentially a working dog—bred to be hardy and reliable, able to stand up to the harshest conditions and the toughest sheep.
It has been exported to Australia and the United States, and finds favour among those looking for an independent and intelligent sheepdog.
Whatever the reason, a typical Bearded Collie is an enthusiastic herding dog which requires structure and care; it moves stock with body, bark and bounce as required.
The median longevity (the age at which half of the population has died and half is still alive) of Bearded Collies from recent UK and USA/Canada surveys (the weighted average of all surveys) is 12.8 years; Beardies in the UK surveys lived longer (median ~13.4 years) than their USA/Canada counterparts (median 12.0 years).
Most purebred breeds have median longevities between 10 and 13 years and most breeds similar in size to Bearded Collies have median longevities between 11 and 13 years, so the lifespan of Bearded Collies appears to be on the high end compared with other breeds (at least in the UK).
In a 1996 USA/Canada survey, 32% of Beardies died (including accidental deaths) before the age of nine; however, 12% lived longer than 14 years.
The eldest of the 278 deceased dogs in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey died at 19.5 years; the age at death of the oldest dog in the USA/Canada survey was not reported.
Leading causes of death among Beardies in the UK are old age (26%), cancer (19%), cerebrovascular disease (9%), and chronic kidney failure (8%).
Leading causes of death among Beardies in the US and Canada are old age (18%), cancer (17%), kidney failure (8%), cerebrovascular disease (4%) and hypoadrenocorticism (4%).
Bearded Collie owners in the UK reported that the most common health issues among living dogs were musculoskeletal—mostly arthritis and cruciate ligament rupture (CLR)—gastrointestinal (primarily colitis and diarrhea) and urologic diseases.
Beardie owners in the US and Canada reported that the most common health problems were hypothyroidism, cancer, hypoadrenocorticism (also known as Addison's disease), arthritis and skin problems.
Morbidity in the two studies is not easily compared, however; the UK report grouped diseases, while the USA/Canada report ranked more specific conditions.
Further existing breed dispositions of the Bearded Collie include: Dermatological conditions, such as pemphigus foliaceous and black skin disease, follicular dysplasia, musculoskeletal conditions such as congenital elbow luxation, ocular conditions, such as corneal dystrophy, cataract and generalized progressive retinal atrophy (GPRA).
Hypoadrenocorticism (also known as Addison's disease) is an inherited disease in Bearded Collies, although the mechanism of inheritance is not known.
It affects approximately 2–3.4% of Bearded Collies in the USA/Canada, and causes the death of at least 1% of Bearded Collies in the UK.
These are much higher percentages than for the general dog population (0.1%), and hypoadrenocorticism causes a disproportionate number of deaths among young dogs.
The aircraft proved troublesome and remained in frontline service only until 1950, when the Navy switched to the smaller and simpler Douglas AD Skyraider.
In the 1930s and early 1940s, the Navy divided carrier-borne bombers into two types: the torpedo bomber and the dive bomber, each with crews of two or three men.
Wartime experience showed that pilots could aim bombs and torpedoes without assistance from other crewmembers as well as navigate with the aid of radio beacons and the development of more powerful engines meant that faster aircraft no longer needed a rear gunner for self-defense.
Furthermore, the consolidation of the two types of bombers greatly increased the flexibility of a carrier's air group and allowed the number of fighters in an air group to be increased.
In 1943, the US Navy invited proposals for a new multi-purpose bomber and selected four designs in September: the Curtiss XBTC, Douglas XBT2D Skyraider, Kaiser-Fleetwings BTK and the Martin XBTM.
Martin was tasked to provide a backup to the Curtiss design which had been selected as a replacement to the Curtiss SB2C Helldiver.
The XBTM-1 was a low-wing, all-metal monoplane with folding wings to allow more compact storage in carrier hangar decks, and conventional landing gear.
Its fuselage was an oval-shaped stressed-skin semi-monocoque with the single-seat cockpit and its teardrop-shaped canopy positioned just aft of the air-cooled engine.
It was very effective in this role, mainly due to its great surface area, but this was at the cost of the width of the ailerons, which significantly reduced their efficiency.
The fixed armament of four T-31 autocannon was fitted in the center section, adjacent to the outer wing panels with 200 rounds per gun.
A centerline hardpoint and a pair of outer hardpoints were installed on the center section and rated to take bombs, fuel tanks or torpedoes up to in weight.
The first XBTM-1 made its maiden flight on 26 August 1944 and began flight testing after it reached the Naval Air Test Center on 11 December.
The Navy ordered 750 more aircraft on 15 January 1945, although this was reduced to 99 aircraft after the surrender of Japan in August.
Initial flight tests conducted with the first two prototypes revealed significant problems with the engine, its cowling, the vertical stabilizer and rudder.
In response, the cowling was lengthened and the engine mount was canted two degrees to the right to offset the engine's tremendous torque.
In April 1946 the aircraft designation was changed to AM-1 when the Navy replaced its Bomber-Torpedo classification with Attack, well before the redesign was completed in early 1947.
First deliveries began in March 1947 and a flight test program began that month that lasted three years before the major deficiencies identified were fully corrected.
Carrier landing trials revealed a structural weakness of the rear fuselage when one aircraft was broken in half during a heavy landing.
Severe vibrations in the tail upon engaging the arresting wire were cured by adding a roller bearing to the tailhook to counter the sideways forces placed on the tailhook.
Other necessary changes were the addition of spoiler ailerons and an elevator control boost to improve the aircraft's poor controllability at low speeds.
The NATC finally deemed the Mauler acceptable for carrier landings in August 1948 even though aircraft had been issued to one squadron earlier in the year and a new batch of 50 aircraft had been ordered in May.
Despite all the modifications to the aircraft over its short life, it remained a maintenance nightmare, especially the leaky hydraulic systems.
Pilots found the Mauler a heavy handling aircraft that was difficult to fly in formation, and hard to land aboard a carrier because a less-than-perfect landing often caused the aircraft to bounce over the arresting wires and into the safety barrier.
With the prospect of flying the AD-1 Skyraider and AM-1 in carrier operations, the US Navy assigned the Maulers to Atlantic Fleet squadrons.
Attack Squadron 17A (VA-17A) was the first unit to get the AM-1 and received its 18 aircraft in March and April 1948.
It was redesignated VA-174 on 11 August and began carrier qualification trials aboard on 27–28 December and completed them aboard in January 1949 with all assigned pilots completing their day qualifications.
During this latter deployment, the squadron participated in the unsuccessful search for a British South American Airways Avro Tudor airliner missing in the Caribbean.
The longer flight deck of the carriers made landings easier for the AM-1 pilots and the squadron did not have a single landing accident during its deployment.
They made a short deployment aboard the carrier from 1 to 9 September and began converting back to Skyraiders the following month.
Carrier Air Group 8 (CVG-8) was established on 15 September 1948 in response to the Berlin Blockade with newly qualified pilots and reservists who volunteered for active duty.
VA-84 and VA-85, the air group's attack squadrons, began receiving Maulers in November and the last aircraft was delivered in January 1949.
Many of the AM-1Q electronic-warfare variants were assigned to Composite Squadron 4 (VC-4), based at NAS Atlantic City, and were detached in small groups for each Atlantic Fleet carrier deployment.
Little is known about their service and the squadron is last known to have had Maulers assigned on 1 October 1950.
Although the Skyraider was a third smaller and carried a third less bombload, it proved more reliable in service and easier to fly and land, and Navy pilots preferred it.
In 1950 the decision was made to use the Mauler only from shore-based units and later that year all but Naval Reserve units abandoned the type.
The Order is open only to women and no additional appointments have been made since the Partition of India in 1947.
The letters were set in diamonds, pearls and turquoises and were together surrounded by a border of pearls surmounted by a figure the Imperial Crown.
Queen Elizabeth II (as Princess Elizabeth) and her sister Princess Margaret were appointed to the Order by their father King George VI in June 1947.
At only , it never had a large population, and, after all the able-bodied men were killed in a fierce storm while out on a fishing trip on 1 May 1897, it was abandoned in the early twentieth century.
With only two sheep left on the island in July 2007 and few, if any, other permanent mammalian residents, Pabbay is consequently home in summer to many ground-nesting birds due to the absence of predators.
It's the principal bay on the coast of the island and is well sheltered from the North and West - this made it the ideal area for historical settlers.
It lies in a South-Easterly direction and is only attached to the mainland of the island by a small natural arch.
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ or HCT) is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up.
Other uses include diabetes insipidus, renal tubular acidosis, and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine.
For high blood pressure it is sometimes considered as a first-line treatment, although chlortalidone is more effective with a similar rate of adverse effects.
HCTZ is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness.
Potential side effects include poor kidney function, electrolyte imbalances including low blood potassium and less commonly low blood sodium, gout, high blood sugar, and feeling lightheaded with standing.
While allergies to HCTZ are reported to occur more often in those with allergies to sulfa drugs, this association is not well supported.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
It is also used for the prevention of kidney stones in those who have high levels of calcium in their urine.
Most of the research supporting the use of thiazide diuretics in hypertension was done using chlortalidone, a different medication in the same class.
The thiazide-type diuretics (including hydrochlorothiazide) are less effective than the thiazide-like diuretics (chlortalidone and indapamide) for reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure in persons with high blood pressure and the thiazide-like and thiazide-type diuretics have similar rates of adverse effects.
For diabetes insipidus, the effect of thiazide diuretics is presumably mediated by a hypovolemia-induced increase in proximal sodium and water reabsorption, thereby diminishing water delivery to the ADH-sensitive sites in the collecting tubules and increasing the urine osmolality.
Thiazides decrease mineral bone loss by promoting calcium retention in the kidney, and by directly stimulating osteoblast differentiation and bone mineral formation.
The frequency of side effects increase as the medication dose is increased and the highest occurrence of side effects occur at doses greater than 25 mg per day.
Package inserts, based on case reports and observational studies, have reported that an allergy to a sulfa drug predisposes the patient to cross sensitivity to a thiazide diuretic.
The major site of action in the nephron appears on an electroneutral NaCl co-transporter by competing for the chloride site on the transporter.
Hydrochlorothiazide is available as a generic drug under a large number of brand names, including Apo-Hydro, Aquazide, BPZide, Dichlotride, Esidrex, Hydrochlorot, Hydrodiuril, HydroSaluric, Hypothiazid, Microzide, Oretic and many others.
As with all notes with stems, thirty-second notes are drawn with stems to the right of the notehead, extending up, when they are below the middle line of the musical staff.
When they are on or above the middle line, they are drawn with stems on the left of the note head, extending down.
On stems extending up, the flags start at the top and curve down; for downward extending stems, the flags start at the bottom of the stem and curve up.
A related symbol is the thirty-second rest or demisemiquaver rest (shown to the right), which denotes a silence for the same duration.
They were originally manufactured in three sizes: plastic versions, die-cast metal versions, and slightly taller but much more detailed 5-inch (127 mm) die-cast versions.
Several vehicles were also offered, as well as a set that could be put together to form the super robot Combattra.
Some were able to launch their fists, while the later die-cast versions also had the ability to transform into different shapes.
In the comic book series, the Shogun Warriors were created by a mysterious group called the Followers of the Light and human operators were chosen from all around the world to operate the massive robots in order to battle evil.
This alien force decided that Earth's technology had outpaced its morality, making it their duty to destroy the Shogun Warriors as well as other powerful humans, including Reed Richards and Tony Stark.
After Marvel lost the rights to the characters, the Samurai Destroyer (a giant robot built from the pieces of an abandoned fourth robot that was never finished) destroy the other three giant robots off-panel, before encountering the Fantastic Four and the robots' pilots Richard, Genji and Ilongo.
While the characters never crossed paths in their respective comics, Trimpe (who did the artwork for both of the series) drew a variation of Godzilla and Rodan alongside Daimos, Great Mazinger, Raydeen and Gaiking on the top page of a comic book advertisement soliciting the Shogun Warrior toys.
Mattel simultaneously had a license to produce Shogun Warriors toys (at the time) and a licence to produce toys based on Godzilla and Rodan.
The Women's College World Series (WCWS) is the final portion of the NCAA Division I Softball Championship for college softball in the United States.
From 1969 to 1981, the women's collegiate softball championship was also known as the Women's College World Series and was promoted as such.
Softball was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the AIAW for sole governance of women's collegiate sports.
After UCLA captured the NCAA National Championship, Harding, the MVP of the tournament, returned to her homeland without taking final exams or earning a single college credit.
Despite not violating any formal rules in recruiting Harding, the incident generated heated criticism that some foreign athletes were little more than hired guns.
From 1969–1972, the DGWS (forerunner organization of the AIAW) recognized the WCWS, organized by the Amateur Softball Association, as the collegiate championship tournament.
From 1969–1972, the DGWS (forerunner organization of the AIAW) recognized the WCWS, organized by the Amateur Softball Association, as the collegiate championship tournament.
It is home to the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL), named after its corporate sponsor, United Airlines.
The east side of the arena features statues of Michael Jordan, Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita, while a statue of various Blackhawks sits to the north on Madison Street, where the Chicago Stadium was located.
United Center also hosted the 1996 Democratic National Convention, at which a new style of four-screen speech prompting system for speakers was pioneered in the United States, consisting of two glass teleprompters, accompanied by an inset lectern monitor, and for the first time, a large under-camera confidence monitor.
While the Blackhawks and Bulls had long planned another arena, an inflated real estate market and the early 1990s recession delayed the project until financing was secured from an international syndicate, with funding by banks from Japan, Australia and France.
Both the Chicago Blackhawks and the Chicago Bulls play their home games at the arena with some of them on back to back nights.
The arena was the Bulls' home during their second run of three consecutive championships, hosting the , , and 1998 NBA Finals.
The Bulls won the 1996 and 1997 series in the sixth game at home, but won the 1998 series at the Delta Center, now known as Vivint Smart Home Arena, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
The United Center was also the site of the World Wrestling Federation pay-per-view SummerSlam in 1994 – the first major event held inside the building, and also the only major event held in the building by WWE.
On March 3, 2018, WWE returned to United Center for the first time in over 20 years with a Road To WrestleMania House show.
The Blackhawks won the first two Stanley Cups on the ice of their opponent in the sixth game of the series (Philadelphia's Wachovia Center in 2010 and Boston's TD Garden in 2013).
However, they won the 2015 series against the Tampa Bay Lightning at home in the sixth game, the first time since 1938 the Hawks clinched the Cup in Chicago.
On the weekend of March 5–6, 2011, the Professional Bull Riders made their Built Ford Tough Series debut at the United Center.
The event at the United Center presented a unique scenario as instead of dirt, white crushed stone was used to cover the arena floor.
The United Center has also provided a Chicago home for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (last performance was 2016, and they permanently shut down on May 21, 2017) and Disney on Ice, which occur once per year; the Bulls and Blackhawks have a tradition of taking a two-week road trip when the circus is in town.
After Ringling left Chicago for one final time in November 2016, the Bulls and Blackhawks allowed Ringling's sister production Disney on Ice to perform its last two-week show in February 2017, before being condensed to a one-week period effective February 2018.
The United Center was also the venue of the 1996 Democratic National Convention, where the Democratic Party nominated as its presidential and vice-presidential candidates Bill Clinton and Al Gore, the incumbent holders of the respective offices, who would be re-elected as a result of the general election held that November.
New for the 2009–10 season, the United Center's 300 Level features a renovated concourse with 144 flat screen televisions, new food and beverage stations above select seating sections and two new bars that open up to panoramic views of the arena.
The iconic bull head logo at center court has increased in size by 75% and the image of a basketball that was previously behind the logo has been removed.
The lines on the court have been changed from red and white to all black to emphasize the bold colors of the Bulls brand.
It has a of display with kinetic movement with six independent panels, a first-of-its-kind continuous inner ring display and new audio speakers and lighting.
Originally installed in 1999, during Jordan's first retirement and just after the stadium's opening, the statue features Jordan mid-dunk over an opposing player, with his tenures with the Bulls and career stats engraved on the bottom.
In 2000, in honor of the team's 75th anniversary, a statue of various Blackhawks greats from different eras, along with the franchise's Indian head logo, was erected on the north side of the stadium across Madison Street, near the former Chicago Stadium site.
The back of the statue features the names of all Blackhawks players up to that point, along with a marble plaque commemorating Chicago Stadium.
Blackhawks legends Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita received bronze statues in their honor outside of the United Center during the 2011–12 NHL season.
In December 2013, it was announced that an agreement had been reached to keep United's naming rights for the arena for another 20 years.
They are partners with both the Chicago Bulls and Chicago Blackhawks and have gained rights to signage inside the arena along with a pub.
He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Harvey Mudd College in 1972, and a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Astronomy from the University of Washington in 1974 and 1978, respectively.
Dr. Nelson performed astronomical research at the Sacramento Peak Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico; the Astronomical Institute at Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands) and the University of Göttingen Observatory, (Göttingen, West Germany), and at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (Boulder, Colorado).
He flew as a scientific equipment operator in the WB 57-F earth resources aircraft and served as the Astronaut Office representative in the Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (space suit) development effort.
He also served as support crewman and CAPCOM for the last two OFT flights, STS-3 and STS-4, and as head of the Astronaut Office Mission Development Group.
This was a seven-day (April 6–13, 1984) mission during which the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum satellite, repaired it on board the Orbiter, and replaced it in orbit.
The mission also included flight testing of Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs) in two extravehicular activities (EVAs), and operation of the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems.
This mission, from January 12–18, 1986, launched from the Kennedy Space Center and returned to a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
During the four-day flight, the crew successfully deployed the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C) and operated eleven mid-deck science experiments.
Nelson left NASA in June 1989, became an assistant provost at the University of Washington, and now directs the Science, Mathematics and Technology Education program at Western Washington University in Bellingham.
He is also the principal investigator of the North Cascades and Olympic Science Partnership, a mathematics and science partnership grant from the National Science foundation.
NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal, NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 3 NASA Space Flight Medals, AIAA Haley Space Flight Award, Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V. M. Komarov Diploma, Western Washington University Faculty Outstanding Service Award.
He is also an elected member of Washington State Academy of Science and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Van Hoften is married to the former Vallarie Davis of Pasadena, with three children: Jennifer Lyn (born October 31, 1971), Jamie Juliana (born August 24, 1977), and Victoria Jane (born March 17, 1981).
Graduated from Mills High School, Millbrae, California, in 1962; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966; a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Hydraulic Engineering from Colorado State University in 1968 and 1976, respectively.
He was then assigned to the Naval Air Station, Miramar, California, to fly F-4 Phantoms, and subsequently to VF-121 Replacement Air Group.
He resumed his academic studies in 1974, and completed a dissertation on the interaction of waves and turbulent channel flow for his doctorate.
In September 1976, he accepted an assistant professorship of Civil Engineering at the University of Houston, and until his selection as an astronaut candidate, taught fluid mechanics and conducted research on biomedical fluid flows concerning flows in artificial internal organs and valves.
From 1977 until 1980 he flew F-4N's with Naval Reserve Fighter Squadron 201 at NAS Dallas and then three years as a member of the Texas Air National Guard with the 147th Fighter Interceptor Group at Ellington Field as a pilot in the F-4C.
From 1979 through the first flight, STS-1, Van Hoften supported the Space Shuttle entry and on-orbit guidance, navigation and flight control testing at the Flight Systems Laboratory at Downey, California.
Subsequently, he was lead of the Astronaut Support Team at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, responsible for the Space Shuttle turn-around testing and flight preparations.
The mission also included flight testing of Manned Maneuvering Units (MMU's) in two extra-vehicular activities (EVA's); operation of the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems, as well as a Bee Hive Honeycomb Structures student experiment.
During this mission the crew successfully deployed three communications satellites, the Navy's Syncom IV-4, Australian AUSSAT, and American Satellite Company's ASC-1.
These tasks included two extravehicular activities (EVA's) in which Dr. Van Hoften attached to the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) performed the first manual grapple and manual deployment of a satellite in orbit.
The mission also included the Physical Vapor Transport of Organic Solids (PVTOS), the second material processing experiment to be flown aboard a Shuttle for 3M.
He was managing director of the global airport design and construction business and was responsible for airport developments in the Middle East, Japan, and North and South America.
In the early 1990s, he was the program manager of the $23 billion Hong Kong Airport Core Programme including the new Hong Kong Airport.
Quadrupole magnets, abbreviated as Q-magnets, consist of groups of four magnets laid out so that in the planar multipole expansion of the field, the dipole terms cancel and where the lowest significant terms in the field equations are quadrupole.
Quadrupole magnets are useful as they create a magnetic field whose magnitude grows rapidly with the radial distance from its longitudinal axis.
The simplest magnetic quadrupole is two identical bar magnets parallel to each other such that the north pole of one is next to the south of the other and vice versa.
Such a configuration will have no dipole moment, and its field will decrease at large distances faster than that of a dipole.
In some designs of quadrupoles using electromagnets, there are four steel pole tips: two opposing magnetic north poles and two opposing magnetic south poles.
The quadrupoles in the lattice are of two types: 'F quadrupoles' (which are horizontally focusing but vertically defocusing) and 'D quadrupoles' (which are vertically focusing but horizontally defocusing).
This situation is due to the laws of electromagnetism (the Maxwell equations) which show that it is impossible for a quadrupole to focus in both planes at the same time.
The image on the right shows an example of a quadrupole focusing in the vertical direction for a positively charged particle going into the image plane (forces above and below the center point towards the center) while defocusing in the horizontal direction (forces left and right of the center point away from the center).
If an F quadrupole and a D quadrupole are placed immediately next to each other, their fields completely cancel out (in accordance with Earnshaw's theorem).
But if there is a space between them (and the length of this has been correctly chosen), the overall effect is focusing in both horizontal and vertical planes.
A lattice can then be built up enabling the transport of the beam over long distances—for example round an entire ring.
A common lattice is a FODO lattice consisting of a basis of a focusing quadrupole, 'nothing' (often a bending magnet), a defocusing quadrupole and another length of 'nothing'.
of the vertical component in the horizontal direction (or equivalently, the field gradient of the horizontal component in the vertical direction).
The sign of formula_3 determines whether (for a fixed particle charge and direction) the quadrupole focuses or defocuses particles in the horizontal plane.
He received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Lehigh University in 1968, a Master of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969, and a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from Rutgers University in 1978.
He completed Undergraduate Pilot Training at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, in December 1970, and from then until 1973, flew F-106 interceptors for the Air Defense Command at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, at Loring Air Force Base, Maine, and at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware.
In 1973, he joined the New Jersey Air National Guard and continued flying with the Guard until 1985, retiring as lieutenant colonel in 1990.
In August 1979, he completed a one-year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for flight assignment on future Space Shuttle crews.
He flew as a mission specialist on STS-41-C (April 6-April 13, 1984) and has logged a total of 168 hours in space.
The crew included Captain Robert Crippen (spacecraft commander), Mr. F. R. (Dick) Scobee (pilot), and fellow mission specialists, Dr. George D. Nelson and Dr. James van Hoften.
The mission also included flight testing of Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs) in two extravehicular activities (EVAs); operation of the Cinema 360 and IMAX camera systems, as well as a bee hive honeycomb structures student experiment.
His principal duties included electrical and mechanical design responsibilities for a variety of electronic power equipment used in the Bell System.
It is located on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia.
Khanty-Mansiysk is one of the few administrative centers of a federal subject in Russia that is not the largest in the territory, with the city of Surgut being the largest in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
It was founded in 1930 as a work settlement of Ostyako-Vogulsk () after the obsolete names of Ostyaks and Voguls for the Khanty and Mansi peoples.
In 1940, it was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk, and it was granted town status in 1950, merging with the village of Samarovo, known since the 16th century, along the way.
Khanty-Mansiysk is the administrative center of the autonomous okrug and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Khanty-Mansiysky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of okrug significance of Khanty-Mansiysk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Khanty-Mansiysk is connected to the main road network by two roads: from the west from Perm and Yekaterinburg, and from the south from Tyumen.
The city was the venue of the 2003 and 2011 Biathlon World Championships, and in 2005 the first Mixed Biathlon Relay Championships took place here, and again in 2010.
The 2011 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships where skiers with a physical disability compete, took place in Khanty-Mansiysk in March–April 2011 as well.
The city includes the Ugra Chess Academy, which has been the venue of the 2010 Chess Olympiad and the Women's World Chess Championship 2012.
It also hosted the 2005 Chess World Cup, the 2007 Chess World Cup, the 2009 Chess World Cup and the 2011 Chess World Cup.
It is the capital of Magdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia, after Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Soledad.
Founded on July 29, 1525, by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas, it was the first Spanish settlement in Colombia, its oldest surviving city, and second oldest in South America.
This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such, it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region.
Due to a combination of tropical weather, significant rainfall, and the destruction and misrepresentation of many records by Spanish conquistadors, our understanding of the peoples of this region is limited.
The Tairona formed mid- to large-size population centers, consisting of stone pathways, terraces, protected waterways, and spaces dedicated to agricultural produce.
It is bordered to the north and west by the Caribbean and to the south by the municipalities of Aracataca and Ciénaga.
Baddesley Clinton () is a moated manor house, situated about 8 miles (13 km) north-west of the town of Warwick in Warwickshire, England.
In 1438 John Brome, Under-Treasurer of England, purchased the manor, which passed to his son, Nicholas Brome (d.1517), who rebuilt the nearby parish church dedicated to St Michael, as a penance for having murdered the parish priest, a crime reputed to have been committed inside the house.
When Nicholas Brome died in 1517, the house passed to his daughter, who in 1500 had married Sir Edward Ferrers, Sheriff of Warwickshire.
The house remained a possession of the Ferrers family until 1940, when it was purchased by Thomas Walker, a relative of the family who changed his name to Ferrers.
In the 18th century the great hall was rebuilt in brick and the east range was extended, though with great care to continue the style of the original building.
The house was inhabited in the 1860s by the novelists Georgiana Chatterton and her second husband Edward Heneage Dering, who both converted to Roman Catholicism.
The interior comprises a great hall, parlour and library, with other rooms and contains much 16th century carving and furniture and 19th century accessories used by later inhabitants.
The Ferrers appear to have remained Roman Catholic recusants after the Reformation, along with many other members of the Warwickshire gentry.
They sheltered Catholic priests, who were under threat of a death sentence if discovered, and made special arrangements to hide and protect them.
One such priest hole is off the Moat Room, and is simply a small room with a door hidden in the wood panelling.
Fugitives were able to slide down a rope from the first floor through the old garderobe shaft into the house's sewers, which run the length of the building, which could probably hold a dozen people.
These priest holes are said to have been built by Saint Nicholas Owen, a lay-brother of the Jesuits who constructed many masterful hides, notably at nearby Harvington Hall.
The priest holes came into use at least once, in 1591 when a conference of Jesuit priests was raided by local authorities.
The novel explores the turbulent story of Nicholas Brome, the 15th century lord of the manor, from the perspective of his third wife and widow, Lettice Catesby.
Particle motion in that field will be circular in a plane perpendicular to the field and collinear to the direction of particle motion and free in the direction orthogonal to it.
Such magnets are also used in traditional televisions, which contain a cathode ray tube, which is essentially a small particle accelerator.
The magnets move a single spot on the screen of the TV tube in a controlled way all over the screen.
RuBisCO also catalyzes RuBP with oxygen () in a process called photorespiration, a process that is more prevalent at high temperatures.
Route 173 runs through Saint-Georges Est (where it is known as Boulevard Lacroix) and heads south to the border with Maine, USA.
The name of the parish and of the city, Saint-Georges, is in homage to George Pozer, the fourth seigneur of Aubert-Gallion.
It is home to one of the few inflatable dams, introduced to raise the water level of the Chaudière River for water-based activities and to make the riverside more attractive.
The town is home to the headquarters of the Canam Group, a construction solutions company, and Manac (trailers), the biggest semi-trailer manufacturer in Canada.
The city has a wide array of local and national retailers and restaurants, as well as many services including financial institutions, schools of different levels, medical clinics, a hospital and several others that are not found elsewhere in the region.
Saint-Georges is the headquarters of the intercity bus company Autocars La Chaudière, which provides bus services in the Beauce Region to Quebec City.
The extension of Autoroute 73 to the city has been under discussion for almost thirty years, but the project has not yet been completed; the highway has been extended only to Beauceville, Quebec, approximately to the north, since November 2007.
The first European presence recorded is that of a Jesuit missionary called Father Gabriel Druillettes who made three visits in 1646, 1650 and, finally, in 1651, but there was no colonial settlement established at this time.
Records indicate that in 1760 one of these, Aubert-Gallion, passed into the hands of Marie-Anne Josephte de l'Estrigant de St-Martin and of her daughter Charlotte-Marie-Anne-Joseph Aubert de la Chesnaye.
The two heiresses sold their inheritance in 1768 to William Grant, a Scotsmen with ambitions to become a major Canadian landowner.
Grant died in 1805 or 1807 (sources differ) and the estate was sold again, this time to the German (at least by birthplace), Johann Georg Pfotzer.
Apparently, Licinianus, who was a senator, had the support of the Roman Senate and parts of the population when he initiated an uprising against Decius, who was fighting the Goths.
It is possible that Licinianus was the same Valens Senior, who usurped the purple in Rome during the absence of the Emperor Decius in the war against the Goths (250), and who was quickly executed.
A pole of inaccessibility with respect to a geographical criterion of inaccessibility marks a location that is the most challenging to reach according to that criterion.
In these cases, pole of inaccessibility can be defined as the center of the largest circle that can be drawn within an area of interest without encountering a coast.
The northern pole of inaccessibility, sometimes known as the Arctic pole of inaccessibility, or just Arctic pole, is located on the Arctic Ocean pack ice at a distance farthest from any land mass.
Until a 2013 review of satellite cartography, the northern pole of inaccessibility was thought to lie at , which was away from Ellesmere, Franz-Josef Land, and the New Siberian Islands, north of Utqiagvik, Alaska, and away from the actual northern pole of inaccessibility.
The first attempt to reach this false northern pole of inaccessibility was made by Sir Hubert Wilkins, who flew by aircraft in 1927.
In 1941, the first Soviet expedition using an airplane landed 350 kilometers north of the false northern pole, thus actually becoming the first expedition to reach the real pole.
Ignoring Soviet results, Sir Wally Herbert claimed to be the first to reach what was then considered to be the northern pole of inaccessibility on foot, arriving by dogsled in 1968.
Explorer Jim McNeill claimed in 2006 that Herbert did not quite make the pole, and launched his own unsuccessful attempt to reach it.
In 1986, an expedition of Soviet polar scientists led by Dmitry Shparo reached the pole of inaccessibility by foot during a polar night.
The pole of inaccessibility commonly refers to the site of the Soviet Union research station mentioned below, which was constructed at (though some sources give ).
Today, a building still remains at this location, marked by a bust of Vladimir Lenin that faces towards Moscow, and protected as a historical site.
On 4 December 2006, Team N2i, consisting of Henry Cookson, Rupert Longsdon, Rory Sweet and Paul Landry, embarked on an expedition to be the first to reach the historic pole of inaccessibility location without direct mechanical assistance, using a combination of traditional man hauling and kite skiing.
The team reached the old abandoned station on 19 January 2007, rediscovering the forgotten statue of Lenin left there by the Soviets some 48 years previously.
The team found that only the bust on top of the building remained visible; the rest was buried under the snow.
On 11 December 2005, at 7:57 UTC, Ramón Hernando de Larramendi, Juan Manuel Viu, and Ignacio Oficialdegui, members of the Spanish Transantarctic Expedition, reached for the first time in history the southern pole of inaccessibility at , updated that year by the British Antarctic Survey.
The team continued their journey towards the second southern pole of inaccessibility, the one that accounts for the ice shelves as well as the continental land, and they were the first expedition to reach it, on 14 December 2005, at .
Both achievements took place within an ambitious pioneer crossing of the eastern Antarctic Plateau that started at Novolazerevskaya Base and ended at Progress Base after more than .
This was the fastest polar journey ever achieved without mechanical aid, with an average rate of around per day and a maximum of per day, using kites as their power source.
They were the first to do so without resupply or mechanical support, departing from Novolazerevskaya Base on their way to the South Pole to complete the first East/West crossing of Antarctica through both poles, over 4,000 km.
As mentioned above, due to improvements in technology and the position of the continental edge of Antarctica being debated, the exact position of the best estimate of the pole of inaccessibility may vary.
However, for the convenience of sport expeditions, a fixed point is preferred, and the Soviet station has been used for this role.
It lies in the South Pacific Ocean, from the nearest lands: Ducie Island (part of the Pitcairn Islands) in the north, Motu Nui (part of the Easter Islands) in the northeast, and Maher Island (near the larger Siple Island, off the coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica) in the south.
The area is so remote that sometimes the closest human beings are astronauts aboard the International Space Station when it passes overhead.
Point Nemo is relatively lifeless; its location within the South Pacific Gyre blocks nutrients from reaching the area, and being so far from land it gets little nutrient run-off from coastal waters.
In Eurasia, the Continental Pole of Inaccessibility is the place on land that is farthest from the ocean, and it lies in northwestern China, near the Kazakhstan border.
Earlier calculations suggested that it is from the nearest coastline, located at , approximately north of the city of Ürümqi, in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China, in the Dzoosotoyn Elisen Desert.
The nearest settlements to this location are Hoxtolgay Town at , about to the northwest, Xazgat Township () at , about to the west, and Suluk at , about to the east.
However, the previous pole location disregards the Gulf of Ob as part of the oceans, and a 2007 study proposes two other locations as the ones farther from any ocean (within the uncertainty of coastline definition): EPIA1 and EPIA2 , located respectively at 2,510±10 km (1560±6 mi) and 2,514±7 km (1,562±4 mi) from the oceans.
These points lie in a close triangle about the Dzungarian Gate, a significant historical gateway to migration between the East and West.
Coincidentally, the continental and oceanic poles of inaccessibility have a similar radius; the Eurasian poles EPIA1 and EPIA2 are about closer to the ocean than the oceanic pole is to land.
In North America, the continental pole of inaccessibility is on the Pine Ridge Reservation in southwest South Dakota about north of the town of Allen, located from the nearest coastline at .
The Canadian pole of inaccessibility is allegedly in Jackfish River, Alberta , a few kilometres up the Peace River from where the Jackfish River (one of six Canadian rivers of that name) flows through it.
In Australia, the continental pole of inaccessibility is located either at or at , from the nearest coastline, approximately 161 km (100 miles) west-northwest of Alice Springs.
In Africa, the pole of inaccessibility is at , from the coast, near the town of Obo in the Central African Republic and close to the country's tripoint with South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Originally the ships were to have the British Sea Dart missile system, but this was changed to the more compact American Standard surface-to-air missile.
The ships were replaced by the s. A total of four new frigates have been built, including two also named and .
Chembur comprises large cosmopolitan residential societies of concrete buildings dating back to the early 1950s in addition to older villages such as Ghatla, Gaothan, Wadavli, Mahul, Gavanpada, Ambapada(Ambada), etc.
It is suggested that Chembur is the same place referred to as Saimur by the Arab writers(915–1137), Sibor in Cosmas Indicopleustes(535), Chemula in the Kanheri cave inscriptions(300–500), Symulla by the author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea(247), Symulla or Timulla by Ptolemy(150), and perhaps even Perimula by Pliny(A.D. 77).
The industrialisation of Trombay during and after World War II led to the demand for housing and the growth of Chembur thereafter.
The construction by the Bombay Housing Board in Station Colony(Subhash Nagar), the Shell Colony(Sahakar Nagar), and the Township Colony(Tilak Nagar) in 1955 through to 1958 transformed the area completely by shifting it from an industrial area to a residential one.
It used to lie in Mumbai North-East Parliamentary constituency, prior to delimitation in 2008, where it was moved to Mumbai South Central parliamentary Constituency.
Modes of public transport in Chembur include autorickshaws, online aggregator cabs such as Uber and Ola, taxicabs, BEST buses, NMMT buses, and trains.
This line of the monorail is being extended until Jacob Circle in South Mumbai and is likely to be operational by mid-2018.
Metro Line 2B is an under-construction metro line in the city of Mumbai connecting Dahisar in the northwest with Mandale in Mankhurd in the east via Bandra, BKC and Chembur ( a station is planned in the Diamond Garden area in Chembur).
Dayanand Saraswati Marg, V N Purav Marg, R C Marg, Station Avenue Road, the Eastern Express Highway and Sion Panvel Highway are some of the arterial roads of Chembur.
There are two turnabouts; one each at Ambedkar Garden and Diamond Garden.DS was the best The Dayanand Saraswati Marg near the Railway Station junction meets the Chembur Market Road and Govandi Road.
The Chembur Market area close to the Chembur railway station offers goods and services ranging from clothing to foods and vegetables.
Chembur has open public spaces like Gandhi Maidan, Annabhau Sathe Garden, Diamond Garden, Ambedkar Udyan, Sandu Garden, Tilak Nagar grounds (Sahyadri and Municipal Ground) and Jawahar Grounds where people conduct sports events and activities.
The Bombay Presidency Golf Club at Dr Choitram Gidwani Road in Chembur (East) provides the biggest green cover for the neighborhood.
Chembur has fitness centers and gyms, municipal swimming pools, libraries and Sports club-like Kreeda Sankul in RCF Colony Some grounds have jogging tracks for people to exercise.
Effluents from oil refineries, fertilizer plants and reactors in Chembur are also said to have polluted seawater in Thane Creek and affected marine life.
Although ammonia is easy to scrub, the problem seems to be due to improper operation of pollution control equipment and/or operation of the urea/ammonia complex way beyond the design capacity without augmentation of pollution control equipment.
Again in 2012, the residents complained to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation on the smoke coming out of the dumping ground, which has been affecting asthma patients.
Anushakti Nagar is the residential township of the Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Directorate of Construction Services and Estate Management, Atomic Energy Education Society in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Spread over more than 940 acres, this residential complex for the employees of Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India in Mumbai, is situated in North-east Mumbai.
In the early 1960s the government decided to expand the nuclear research (see BARC) facility in (what was then) a distant suburb of Mumbai.
It has residential flats, local grocery shops, sports and recreation facilities, schools, medical clinics, a large hospital, banks, post office and transport links to many parts of Mumbai.
The other facilities include two Community Centres for social occasions and gatherings, various departmental and co-operative stores, 2 restaurants and 2 creches.
Anushakti Nagar has 17 high-rises and numerous buildings, that have grades, depending on flat-size, and are allotted on the basis of seniority to DAE employees.
Recent additions to the high-rises are two new buildings: Udayagiri and Malayagiri, both of which are state of the art, spacious and well designed.
The Central Avenue road which divides Anushakti Nagar roughly into two halves, connects its main entrance with the BARC North Gate.
Mankhurd, located about 1 km north of the neighbourhood, serves as its primary railway station connecting it via the harbour line of the Mumbai suburban railway network to CSMT via Kurla (about 22 km south) and to Vashi, Belapur, Panvel and Thane (via Vashi) to the north.
It is part of the Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency) which until mid-1990s was the largest (by population) Lok Sabha constituency in India, but it was called Mumbai North-East then.
The education up to XII standard for the residents is provided by Atomic Energy Education Society through Atomic Energy Central School (AECS), which are numbered 1 through 6, and a sprawling Atomic Energy Junior College (AEJC) for grades 11 and 12, on the foot of the Trombay Hill.
4 has grade 11 and grade 12 under the CBSE, and is rated the top most school in all AECS schools in Anushaktinagar.
Admission to these schools is strictly for children whose parents or guardians are employees of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and/or the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
Despite the higher quality of education provided through these schools, the fee structure is highly subsidised and is an incentive for many employees to prefer to stay in Anushakti Nagar.
Anushakti Nagar is host to BARC Training School, established in the year 1956, along with Homi Bhabha National Institute, which is a Deemed University.
The BARC Training School is running Orientation Course for Engineering graduates and Science post-graduates (OCES) and serves as in-house human resource training centre for Department of Atomic Energy.
Homi Bhabha National Institute which is dedicated to encouraging pursuit of excellence in sciences (including engineering sciences) and mathematics in a manner that has major significance for the progress of indigenous nuclear technological capability is located near BARC Training School.
The HBNI provides an academic framework for integrating basic research being done at its grant-in-aid institutions and the research centres of DAE with technology development at the research centres.
The institute trains high-quality manpower in the sciences including engineering sciences for taking up a career in nuclear science and technology and related areas in the Department of Atomic Energy or elsewhere.
The institute also provides continuing education for the employees of the DAE for sharpening and updating their knowledge base while in service.
It has a New Community Centre (NCC) established in the year 1991 and DAE Cultural Centre (DCC) established on 01-Dec-2015 by DAE Sports and Cultural Council for sports and cultural activities.
NCC has facilities for playing indoor games like badminton & table-tennis, Billiards, gym etc., and conducts training in performing arts like Western Dance, Musical Instrument etc.
There is one field each for Football, Cricket and Hockey, 9 floodlit Tennis Courts, 2 Basketball courts and 2 volleyball courts and a large number of badminton courts.
It has produced many domestic & international cricketers like Lalchand Rajput & Surya Kumar Yadav along with international badminton player and national table tennis players like Rajat Hubli and also international Parabadminton champion Manasi Joshi (She is 2017, Tokyo, Japan, Champion in Women's doubles paired with Quixa Yang from China.
The residents of buildings with a large number of flats, like Nilgiri, Akashganga, Akashratna, Akashdeep celebrate many festivals and functions together.
One of the more active clusters is Ragamala, where residents of about 250 flats come together to celebrate national festivals, religious festivals as well as an Annual Day complete with sports, cultural activities, dance, fun and food.
The residents of Anushakti Nagar are also conscious of their carbon footprint and undertake many activities to promote 4R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle & Recover) coupled with giving back to the society.
One of the recent activities included collecting old bicycles, get them repaired and provide them to students in rural areas to ensure better educational outcomes.
The group also conducted drives to collect reusable materials like clothes, books, toys, household goods, etc and works with Goonj to get them delivered to needy.
In addition to this, there have been special initiatives for collection of e-waste, thermocol, plastic waste with an objective of safe disposal.
It is located at the junction of Thames River and Trout Creek southwest of Stratford, and is surrounded by the Township of Perth South in Perth County, Ontario.
Census data published for Perth County by Statistics Canada includes St. Marys and most Perth County publications also do, at least in some sections of the document.
St. Marys Cement, a large cement producer founded in the town, capitalized on this close feed stock, and grew to be a major producer of cement in the province of Ontario.
Timothy Eaton, who went on to become one of Canada's most famous retailers, opened his first businesses in Canada in nearby Kirkton, Ontario and later St. Marys.
In 1839 the Canada Company sent a surveyor to Blanshard Township in the Huron Tract to choose a site for a town on the Thames River which would later be named St. Marys.
The first settlers arrived at the junction of the Thames River and Trout Creek, southwest of Stratford in the early 1840s, attracted by the area's natural resources.
At the new town site, the Thames River cascaded over a series of limestone ledges, providing the power to run the first pioneer mills and giving the community an early nickname: Little Falls.
Professions and Trades.—One grist mill, one saw mill, one physician and surgeon, two asheries, three stores, one tavern, one shoemaker, one tailor, one cooper, one blacksmith.
The arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway in the late 1850's increased the growth; the community became a centre for milling, grain-trading and the manufacture of agriculture-related products.
The building of railways, 1857–60, stimulated development and in 1864, when St. Marys became a town, it was already the centre of lumber and limestone quarry industries and the adjacent prosperous agricultural region.
The first library was opened in 1857; it belonged to the local Mechanics Institute but had no permanent home and had to rent space where it could.
In 1908, a handle and hockey stick company was founded by Solen Doolittle in the town of St. Marys called the St. Marys Wood Specialty Company.
After many ownership changes over the years, by 1988 the now-Cooper bat had risen to #2 in the National Baseball League after Louisville Slugger.
Fully independent of the County of Perth, the Town of St. Marys has its own Mayor and six councillors including the Deputy Mayor.
According to the 2016 census, the land area was 12.45 square kilometres and the population density was 583.5 people per square kilometre.
Notable buildings include the Opera House built in 1880, the spired municipal Town Hall built in 1891, and the Public Library built in 1904.
The Municipal Heritage Committee helps in preserving the historic stone buildings and publishes a useful brochure online, with interesting facts about those in the downtown area.
In 2012, the Re-Purposing of the Sarnia Bridge to part of the Grand Trunk Trail was inducted to the North America Railway Hall of Fame.
Also on site, there are four ballfields, including the St. Marys Cement Company Field, Rotary Field, King Field and 3rd Field.
Over 900 events are held on site each year, including Major League Baseball tryout camps and World Junior Championship exhibition games.
The Quarries consist of two former limestone quarries located in southern St. Marys, one of which has been rehabilitated as an outdoor swimming pool.
In 1945 the town bought the quarries along with of surrounding land, and now manages it as a public recreational facility.
It is serviced by Via Rail at St. Marys railway station connecting it to a rail line between Toronto and Sarnia.
Prior Lincoln team members who played in the NHL include Terry Crisp, Don Luce, Lonnie Loach, Mark Bell, Steve Shields, J. P. Parise and Bob Boughner.
A multiple-wythe masonry wall may be composed of a single type of masonry unit layered to increase its thickness and structural strength, or different masonry units chosen by function, such as an economical concrete block serving a structural purpose and a more expensive brick chosen for its appearance.
All varieties of gypsum, including selenite and alabaster, are composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (meaning that it has two molecules of water), with the chemical formula CaSO·2HO.
Selenite contains no significant selenium, the similarity of the names of the substances coming from the Ancient Greek word for the Moon.
Some of the largest crystals ever found are of selenite, the largest specimen found in the Naica Mine's Cave of the Crystals being 12 metres long and weighing 55 tons.
This is the most important identifying characteristic of gypsum, as any variety of gypsum can be easily scratched with a fingernail.
But also because of the long history of the commercial value and use of both gypsum and alabaster, the four crystalline varieties have been somewhat ignored, except as a curiosity or as rock collectibles (not commonly used).
Selenite crystals commonly occur as tabular, reticular, and columnar crystals, often with no imperfections or inclusions, and thereby can appear water or glass-like.
Selenite crystals sometimes form in thin tabular or mica-like sheets and have been used as window panes as at Santa Sabina in Rome.
Selenite crystals sometimes will also exhibit bladed rosette habit (usually transparent and like desert roses) often with accompanying transparent, columnar crystals.
Selenite crystals can be found both attached to a matrix or base rock, but can commonly be found as entire free-floating crystals, often in clay beds (and as can desert roses).
Satin spar often occurs in seams, some of them quite long, and is often attached to a matrix or base rock.
Both selenite crystals and gypsum flowers sometimes form quite densely in acicular mats or nets; and can be quite brittle and fragile.
Gypsum crystals are colorless (most often selenite), white (or pearly – most often satin spar), gray, brown, beige, orange, pink, yellow, light red, and green.
Colors are caused by the presence of other mineral inclusions such as, copper ores, sulfur and sulfides, silver, iron ores, coal, calcite, dolomite, and opal.
Gypsum crystals can be transparent (most often selenite), translucent (most often satin spar but also selenite and gypsum flowers), and opaque (most often the rosettes and flowers).
Luster is not often exhibited in the rosettes, due to their exterior druse; nevertheless, the rosettes often show glassy to pearly luster on edges.
When cut across the fibers and polished on the ends, satin spar exhibits an optical illusion when placed on a printed or pictured surface: print and pictures appear to be on the surface of the sample.
All four crystalline varieties are sectile in that they can be easily cut, will peel (particularly selenite crystals that exhibit mica-like properties), and like all gypsum varieties, can be scratched by a fingernail (hardness: 2 on Mohs Scale).
Selenite crystals that exhibit in either reticular or acicular habits, satin spar, in general (as fibrous crystals are thin and narrow), desert roses that are thinly bladed, and gypsum flowers, particularly acicular gypsum flowers, can be quite brittle and easily broken.
All four crystalline varieties can range in size from minute to giant selenite crystals measuring 11 meters long such as those found in the caves of the Naica Mine of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Gypsum is formed as an evaporative mineral, frequently found in alkaline lake muds, clay beds, evaporated seas, salt flats, salt springs, and caves.
It is frequently found in conjunction with other minerals such as, copper ores, sulfur and sulfides, silver, iron ores, coal, calcite, dolomite, limestone, and opal.
In dry, desert conditions and arid areas, sand may become trapped both on the inside and the outside of gypsum crystals as they form.
Interior inclusion of sand can take on shapes such as an interior hourglass shape common to selenite crystals of the ancient Great Salt Plains Lake bed, Oklahoma, US.
An example of gypsum crystals reforming in modern times is found at Philips Copper Mine (closed and abandoned), Putnam County, New York, US where selenite micro crystal coatings are commonly found on numerous surfaces (rock and otherwise) in the cave and in the dump.
Whereas geology, mineralogy, and rockhounding groups, clubs, and societies as well as museums usually date (of find and geologic), photograph, and note location of minerals, much of the retail mineral and jewellery trade can be somewhat casual about dates, locations, and descriptive claims.
Newmarket Films was an American privately owned independent film production and distribution company and a former film distribution subsidiary of Newmarket Capital Group.
Newmarket Capital Group was founded in 1994 by Chris Ball and William Tyrer, with the company’s executive team made up of Chris Calhoon, Rene Cogan, John Crye and Robert Fyvolent.
In 2010, Newmarket made a deal with Lionsgate Home Entertainment to become the exclusive home entertainment distributor for Newmarket's film library.
Later that year, Chris Ball left the company to form the distribution company Wrekin Hill; Rene Cogan and John Crye joined him.
The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) was established to oversee the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons in Northern Ireland, as part of the peace process.
An earlier international body, set up during the ceasefires to report on how decommissioning might be achieved, presented its report on 22 January 1996.
The Decommissioning Act, 1997 in the Republic of Ireland and the Northern Ireland Arms Decommissioning Act 1997 in the United Kingdom enabled such a body, which was then set up in an agreement between the British and Irish governments on 26 August 1997.
Decommissioning of PIRA weaponry was often used as a necessary condition before Unionists would agree to the full implementation of the Agreement including power sharing.
In 2000, Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland, and Cyril Ramaphosa, South African political and business leader, were appointed to inspect IRA weapons dumps.
This was confirmed by two witnesses independent of the Commission, Catholic priest Father Alec Reid, and former president of the Methodist Church in Ireland, Reverend Harold Good.
The first act was in October 2001, the second in April 2002, the third in October 2003 and the fourth and final in September 2005.
In February 2010, days before the IICD was due to disband, both the Irish National Liberation Army and the Official Irish Republican Army announced that they had decommissioned their weapons.
The three main loyalist paramilitary groups, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), Red Hand Commando (RHC) and the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), retained their weapons for a longer period during which their members were said by the Independent Monitoring Commission to still be engaged in criminal activities.
The UDA's decommissioning was confirmed by General de Chastelain, Lord Eames, the former Archbishop of Armagh and Sir George Quigley, a former top civil servant.
West Frisian, or simply Frisian ( or simply , ; , ) is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland () in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry.
In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family, and is therefore often considered to be in-between English and Dutch — Dutch is widely dubbed in-between the Anglo-Saxon derived components of English and German.
The unambiguous name used for the West Frisian language by linguists in the Netherlands is (West Lauwers Frisian), the Lauwers being a border river that separates the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen.
Friesland has 643,000 inhabitants (2005), of whom 94% can understand spoken West Frisian, 74% can speak West Frisian, 75% can read West Frisian, and 27% can write it.
In the central east, West Frisian speakers spill over the province border, with some 4,000–6,000 of them actually living in the province of Groningen, in the triangular area of the villages Marum (West Frisian: ), De Wilp (), and Opende ().
Therefore, possibly as many as 150,000 West Frisian speakers live in other Dutch provinces, particularly in the urban agglomeration in the West, and in neighbouring Groningen and newly reclaimed Flevoland.
A Frisian diaspora exists abroad, with Friesland having sent more emigrants than any other Dutch province between the Second World War and the 1970s.
Apart from the use of West Frisian as a first language, it is also spoken as a second language by about 120,000 people in the province of Friesland.
In the western and north-western parts of the province, the region where Clay Frisian is spoken, the soil is made up of thick marine clay, hence the name.
While in the Clay Frisian-speaking area ditches are used to separate the pastures, in the eastern part of the province, where the soil is sandy, and water sinks away much faster, rows of trees are used to that purpose.
Although and are mutually very easily intelligible, there are, at least to native West Frisian speakers, a few very conspicuous differences.
Of the two, probably has more speakers, but because the western clay area was originally the more prosperous part of the mostly agricultural province, has had the larger influence on the West Frisian standardised language.
There are few if any differences in morphology or syntax among the West Frisian dialects, all of which are easily mutually intelligible, but there are slight variances in lexicon.
In the early Middle Ages the Frisian lands stretched from the area around Bruges, in what is now Belgium, to the river Weser, in northern Germany.
This similarity was reinforced in the late Middle Ages by the Ingvaeonic sound shift, which affected Frisian and English, but the other West Germanic varieties hardly at all.
Modern English and Frisian on the other hand have become very divergent, largely due to wholesale Norse and French imports into English and similarly heavy Dutch and Low German influences on Frisian.
One major difference between Old Frisian and modern Frisian is that in the Old Frisian period ( – ) grammatical cases still occurred.
Some of the texts that are preserved from this period are from the 12th or 13th, but most are from the 14th and 15th centuries.
Although the earliest definite written examples of Frisian are from approximately the 9th century, there are a few runic inscriptions from the region which are probably older and possibly in the Frisian language.
These runic writings, however, usually do not amount to more than single- or few-word inscriptions, and cannot be said to constitute literature as such.
The Middle Frisian language period ( – ) is rooted in geopolitics and the consequent fairly abrupt halt in the use of Frisian as a written language.
Up until the 16th century West Frisian was widely spoken and written, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas.
This was in part due to the occupation of its stronghold, the Dutch province of Friesland (), in 1498, by Albert III, Duke of Saxony, who replaced West Frisian as the language of government with Dutch.
This practice was continued under the Habsburg rulers of the Netherlands (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and his son Philip II, King of Spain).
When the Netherlands became independent in 1585, West Frisian did not regain its former status, because Holland rose as the dominant part of the Netherlands and its language, Dutch, as the dominant language in judicial, administrative and religious affairs.
In this period the Frisian poet Gysbert Japiks (1603–1666), a schoolteacher and cantor from the city of Bolsward (), who largely fathered modern West Frisian literature and orthography, was an exception to the rule.
This coincided with the introduction of the so-called newer breaking system, a prominent grammatical feature in almost all West Frisian dialects, with the notable exception of .
When two words differ only because one has I and the other one has Y (such as and ), the word with I precedes the one with Y.
In handwriting, IJ (used for Dutch loanwords and personal names) is written as a single letter (see IJ (digraph)), whereas in print the string IJ is used.
In alphabetical listings IJ is most commonly considered to consist of the two letters I and J, although in dictionaries there is an entry IJ between X and Z telling the user to browse back to I.
Although in the courts of law the Dutch language is still mainly used, in the province of Friesland, Frisians have the right to give evidence in their own language.
In the same year, West Frisian became an official school subject, having been introduced to primary education as an optional extra in 1937.
It was not until 1980, however, that West Frisian had the status of a required subject in primary schools, and not until 1993 that it was given the same position in secondary education.
So far 6 out of 31 municipalities (, , , , and ) have changed their official geographical names from Dutch to West Frisian.
Some other municipalities, like Heerenveen and the 11 towns, use two names (both Dutch and West Frisian) or only a West Frisian name.
West Frisian can be confused with an area (or its local language, which is a dialect of Dutch) in the Dutch province (in Dutch: area =  or local language = ); that is why the term or Westerlauwers Frisian for proper West Frisian language has been introduced.
Below is the Lord's Prayer from the Frisian Bible third edition, published in 1995, with the corresponding English text from the 1662 Book of Common Prayer (see also Frisian languages#The Lord's Prayer).
It was called GunBound Revolution in North America with ijji as its host before it was shut down on July 24, 2009.
Factors like terrain condition, wind currents and elemental phenomena force players to continuously change their aim and trajectory power setting while rethinking their strategy at the same time.
A user's character can be equipped with clothing and other items, termed avatar Items, which provide additional statistical bonuses that will assist players in the game, except on specific servers where avatar bonuses are disabled.
Avatars can also be bought using cash which can be bought using money from a credit card or cash using PayPal or mail (Gcoins).
Most common avatars can be bought by gold, and very strong avatars by G Coin, but some can be bought with both.
Every Mobile falls under one of three different defense categories: Mechanical, Shielded, and Bionic, and one of four different attack categories: Laser, Explosion, Impact, and Electrical.
The 21 Mobiles are Armor Mobile, Mage, Nak, Lightning, JD, A. Sate, Tiburon, J. Frog, Kalsiddon, Trico, Bigfoot, Boomer, Ice, Turtle, Grub, Raon Launcher, Aduka, Maya, Wolf, Phoenix, Dragon, and Knight.
Choosing Random (which randomly picks a bot) is the only way to obtain the Dragon, Knight, or Phoenix (if you aren't a Power User, Cash is used to pay for this EX Item) mobiles; the other bots can be chosen at any time prior to a battle.
Once dead, the deceased players access a three-in-a-row, rolling slots game in which they can gain gold, alter wind conditions (affecting the shots of still-living players), or drop randomly chosen items or bombs from the sky.
In this mode, each player is permitted to switch once per turn between his or her chosen primary and secondary Mobiles, each with its own health value (Initially, secondary Mobiles only have half of its total health.
A team wins if the opposition's life counter reaches zero, or if there are no more opponents left on the field.
Dead players, upon dying, have a choice of their drop location and drop at that point in the field in a set amount of 4 turns after the point is chosen.
Should a player not hit land, he or she will continue to fall and the team life counter will not go down, but instead cause the player to reselect the drop location and wait another 4 turns.
Teams win the game by rounding up at least 100 points, or bunging (hitting the land underneath them until they drop down) their opponents until none are left.
The Thunder Ball will cause thunder to strike where the bullet lands when it is shot as if it went through a thunder storm in other circumstances.
Before the start of every game, the room master has the option to disable certain items from being used during that game.
Items either take up one or two slots, and each player is allowed to acquire any combination of items as long as they fit in six slots.
Attack items show the greatest variety; they can allow you to shoot twice (dual, dual+), boost the power of your shots (blood, power up), imbue your shots with lightning ability (thunderbolt), or blast away extra terrain (bunge shot).
Other items consist of teleport (the player's bot will be teleported to the location of your next shot) and team-teleport (one player switches the location of his/her bot with a teammate).
Most of them are only available with Cash, and the ones that can be purchased by gold are much weaker in comparison to the Cash ones.
By default, there's 12 slots for Item 2, and players can expand it by using Cash (available through the Avatar Shop).
Items 2 are generally much more powerful than Items 1, in which some can completely block an opponent's attack or even completely bunge/kill the opponent(s) in just one turn.
As a result, Items 2 have received critical criticisms from majority of the players regularly throughout the years ever since it was first introduced.
These forces: are lightning (a circle with lightning symbol), tornado (a hurricane symbol), force (a sun symbol), thor (a thor symbol (that looks like a gun)), wind (a comet symbol), land (an ice pellet symbol), protection (a crescent moon symbol), ignorance (an eclipse symbol), dark force (a purple tornado symbol), joker force (a question mark symbol), and mirror force (a trapezoid mirror symbol).
The number of turns equals the number of player's shots before the next icon cycles through (including opposing players rounds); 1 vs 1: Every two turns; 2 vs 2: Every four turns; 3 vs 3: Every six turns; 4 vs 4: Every eight turns.
The New American Standard Bible is considered by some sources as the most literally translated of major 20th-century English Bible translations.
The NASB is an original translation from the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts, based on the same principles of translation, and wording, as the American Standard Version (ASV) of 1901.
It offers an alternative to the Revised Standard Version (1946–1952/1971), which is considered by some to be theologically liberal, and also to the 1929 revision of the ASV.
Seeing the need for a literal, modern translation of the English Bible, the translators sought to produce a contemporary English Bible while maintaining a word-for-word translation style.
In cases where word-for-word literalness was determined to be unacceptable for modern readers, changes were made in the direction of more current idioms.
In the updated NASB, consideration was given to the latest available manuscripts with an emphasis on determining the best Greek text.
The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia is also employed together with the most recent light from lexicography, cognate languages, and the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Punctuation and paragraphing have been formatted for modernization, and verbs with multiple meanings have been updated to better account for their contextual usage.
Shelburne (2016 population 8,126) is a town in Dufferin County, Ontario, Canada, is located at the intersection of Highway 10 and Highway 89.
In the early 1860s, the founder of the town Shelburne, William Jelly, found his way through the bushes to choice lots in Melancthon and built several cabins in the area.
As Melancthon began developing in the late 1840s, the construction of the Toronto-Sydenham Road (now Highway 10) began and led to settlers moving into the Shelburne area in the 1860s.
Rapid economic growth followed and the population increased from 70 villagers in 1869 to 750 villagers in 1877, due to the new railways that were built.
Shelburne is also home to a small retail sector and many residents commute to Orangeville, Brampton and other centres in the Greater Toronto Area.
Sason, who was working as a freelancer for Saab, made some drawings of a small sports coupé in the early 1960s.
As Saab was planning to introduce a sports car model, the company commissioned him to adopt the design for mass production.
For economy reasons, the Catherina utilised many components of the contemporary Saab 96 and shared the same wheelbase, which was longer than the finally accepted design.
Stemming from the design of an integral 'roll bar', it was still a new concept in the automotive industry, preceding the 1966 Porsche 911 Targa, which popularized it (and established the name).
Sason also designed some other unusual features for the Catherina, such as the roof-mounted headlamps (for longer range), which were not included in the prototype because of the need to make the car fit for mass production.
The Catherina ended up on display in the SAAB museum in Trollhättan, but Sason used some of the design cues previewed in the Catherina in his later design, the mass-market Saab 99.
In addition, candidates with other qualifications, particularly technical, may be considered for specific positions where a technical skill set is a prerequisite.
The training programme for Recruit Gardaí remained similar to that conducted in the Phoenix Park, which provided for 18 weeks training before being allocated to a Garda Station.
Following a major examination of all training in the Garda Síochána a new two-year Student/Probationer Education/Training Programme was introduced for trainee Gardaí in April 1989.
A major building programme saw the facilities developed and modernised to the most up to date standards in Europe and the name of the institution changed from the Garda Training Centre to the Garda College.
In 1992 the Garda College was designated by the Minister for Education as an institution which the National Council for Educational Awards (NCEA) could accredit.
The following year, the two-year Student/Probationer Education/Training Programme was accredited by the NCEA with the award of a National Diploma in Police Studies.
A more recent initiative saw the development of a Bachelor of Arts (Police Management) degree for Garda Officers of Superintendent rank upwards.
In addition the sportsfield complex comprises full size Gaelic games, soccer and rugby pitches as well as a modern pavilion with Changing Rooms, First Aid room, Weights Room and facilities for officials.
Campus facilities include a Social Club, Indoor Sports Hall with two Squash Courts and separate handball alley, a 25-metre swimming pool, fully equipped gymnasium with accompanying leisure facilities.
In addition to the technological facilities available, there is also a 'Scenes of Crime Room', a 'Mock' Garda Station, Courtroom, Language Laboratory, classroom facilities and a Library containing over 12,000 books.
Applicants who pass all stages and who are deemed to be acceptable by the Garda Commissioner, will be offered a position as a member of the Garda Síochána.
Traveling south on the route connects to Thurles and then the main Dublin-Cork motorway (M8 / N8 – Junction 6 Horse and Jockey).
To the east, the R433 connects Templemore to the M8 / N8 at a more northerly point (Junction 3) via the villages of Clonmore & Errill and the town of Rathdowney in Co.Laois.
There are direct trains to and from stations like Dublin Heuston railway station (8 trains avg), Thurles (9 trains avg) Cork (4 trains avg) and Limerick (4 trains avg) daily.
The West Siberian Plain, also known as Zapadno-sibirskaya Ravnina, () is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east, and by the Altay Mountains on the southeast.
The number of animal species in the West Siberian Plain ranges from at least 107 in the tundra to 278 or more in the forest-steppe region.
The long Yenisei river flows broadly south to north, a distance of 3,530 km (2,195 mi) to the Arctic Ocean, where it discharges more than 20 million litres (5 million gallons) of water per second at its mouth.
The valley formed by the Yenisei acts as a rough dividing line between the West Siberian Plain and the Central Siberian Plateau.
Glacial deposits extend as far south as the Ob-Irtysh confluence, forming occasional low hills and ridges, but otherwise the plain is exceedingly flat and featureless.
A rise of fifty metres in sea level would cause all land between the Arctic Ocean and the Ob-Irtysh confluence near Khanty-Mansiysk to be inundated (see also Turgai Straits, West Siberian Glacial Lake).
It is a region of the Earth’s crust that has undergone prolonged subsidence and is composed of horizontal deposits from as much as 65 million years ago.
Many of the deposits on this plain result from ice dams that reversed the flow of the Ob and Yenisei rivers, redirecting them into the Caspian Sea, and perhaps the Aral Sea as well.
In the south of the plain, where permafrost is largely absent, rich grasslands that are an extension of the Kazakh Steppe formed the original vegetation, which had almost all been cleared by the early 21st century.
The principal rivers in the West Siberian Plain are from west to east the Irtysh, Ob, Nadym, Pur, Taz and Yenisei.
The Air Battalion Royal Engineers (ABRE) was the first flying unit of the British Armed Forces to make use of heavier-than-air craft.
Founded in 1911, the battalion in 1912 became part of the Royal Flying Corps, which in turn evolved into the Royal Air Force.
In 1911, following the growth in early aviation activity, the War Office issued instructions for the School of Ballooning, which had originally been formed in 1888, to be expanded into a battalion.
An order was issued on 28 February 1911 for the formation of the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers effective 1 April the same year.
Officers could be selected from any branch of the service whereas other ranks were selected from the Corps of Royal Engineers.
1 Company, at Farnborough, was equipped with airships and was under the command of Captain Edward Maitland, an experienced balloon and airship pioneer.
A mechanical engineer from the Royal Field Artillery, Fulton had been an early enthusiast of military flying and had attended the world's first air show at Rheims in 1909.
was killed in the crash of a Valkyrie monoplane at Hendon airfield; a 1922 account of the formation of the RAF states this was the only fatal accident in the Air Battalion.
On 14 February 1912, Lt. Barrington-Kennet flew a government-bought aeroplane – a two-seater Nieuport monoplane with a 50 hp Gnome engine – 249.5 miles in 4 hours and 32 minutes, setting a record.
In October 1911, Italy's use of aircraft in combat against the Ottoman Empire in Tripoli, Libya led to the formation of a sub-committee of the British Imperial Defence Staff to recommend policy for the future of British military flying.
The committee recommended the formation of a separate flying corps and on 13 April 1912 the Royal Flying Corps was created, with the Air Battalion becoming its Military Wing on 13 May.
It began manufacturing bicycle components in 1974, mostly to make a bicycle look more like a motocross motorcycle, including fenders and false fuel tanks.
Sales peaked in 1981 when it was number two of the American Bicycle Association title for top BMX factory team three years in a row.
Jim Melton folded the company in July 1985 because of his wife Vera's poor health, and he did not want to move production abroad.
The JMC Black Shadow was the most desirable of their models with a reputation for light weight and an excellent black finish.
It was in the fall of 1850 that the primeval forest that covered the present site of Tiverton was entered by its first settler, Timothy Allan.
The survey of the north part of Kincardine Township had just been completed, but that part of the township of Bruce in which Tiverton lies had not been commenced.
For several years the work of clearing the bush went steadily on before the idea of a village at that spot was thought of.
The one store was the most suitable place for the office, so naturally the postmastership was given to Norman McInnis, of whom it may be said in passing, he, as much as anyone else, deserves the honor of being called the founder of the village.
He it was who opened the first store and also the first manufacturing industry of the place, which was a pot and pearl-ash factory, which he commenced to operate in September, 1860.
The next industry added to this was a wool-carding mill run by A. McBain, which mill at a later date passed into the hands of James McLeod.
About the end of the sixties a grist mill was added to the industries of the village, John McLeod being the miller.
The grain there purchased used to be delivered at one of the warehouses at Inverhuron; this business ceased with the burning of these warehouses in 1882, as they never were rebuilt.
It was during these years the village attained to its highest notch as a business centre, and new industries were started, among which were a sawmill, a planing-mill and machine shop, but the largest and most prominent of them was John McDonald's tannery, which employed about twenty-five hands and had an output of about $20,000 worth of leather per annum.
Local business are: Kwik-Way Variety store, The Kings Pearl Pub, 2 mechanic shops, a day care centre, Daisy Mart convenience store (which has since closed), an Esso gas station, an East Indian Restaurant, a motel, a couple of antiques stores, a fudge/taffy and giftware store- Crafts & Stuff Country Store, a pizza parlour - Patz Pizza and a Chinese restaurant- 21 Chopstix (opened in 2018).
Moving to Texas, which at the time was part of Mexico, was particularly popular among debtors from the South and West.
Emigrants or their abandoned neighbors often wrote the phrase on doors of abandoned houses or posted as a sign on fences.
A gentleman from Nacogdoches, in Texas, informs us, that, whilst there, he dined in public with col. Crockett, who had just arrived from Tennessee.
In my last canvass, I told the people of my district, that, if they saw fit to re-elect me, I would serve them faithfully as I had done; but, if not, they might all go to , and I would go to Texas.
In music notation, a sixty-fourth note (American), or hemidemisemiquaver or semidemisemiquaver (British), sometimes called a half-thirty-second note , is a note played for half the duration of a thirty-second note (or demisemiquaver), hence the name.
It first occurs in the late 17th century and, apart from rare occurrences of hundred twenty-eighth notes (semihemidemisemiquavers) and two hundred fifty-sixth notes (demisemihemidemisemiquavers), it is the shortest value found in musical notation .
The stem is drawn to the left of the note head going downward when the note is above or on the middle line of the staff.
When the note head is below the middle line the stem is drawn to the right of the note head going upward.
A similar, but rarely encountered symbol is the sixty-fourth rest (or hemidemisemiquaver rest, shown on the right of the image) which denotes silence for the same duration as a sixty-fourth note.
The Bead Museum was founded to establish a haven for a permanent collection of beads and adornments of all cultures, past and present, which would provide an enduring opportunity for the study and enjoyment of these magnificent examples of art and ingenuity.
The Bead Museum served the public through exhibitions and programs designed to heighten awareness of peoples' ideas about themselves and their world through the study of beads.
The museum was founded in 1984 by Gabrielle Liese and housed an international collection of over 100,000 beads and beaded artifacts.
McHenry was a signer of the United States Constitution from Maryland, initiated the recommendation for congress to form the Navy, and the eponym of Fort McHenry.
He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from Maryland, and the third United States Secretary of War (1796–1800), under the first and second presidents, George Washington (administration: 1789–1797) and John Adams (administration: 1797–1801).
Alarmed that he was becoming sick from excessive studying, his family in 1771 sent him at 17 to North America to recuperate.
On August 10, 1776 he was appointed surgeon at the age of 23 of the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion stationed at Fort Washington (New York).
While there, he observed that prisoners were given very poor medical attention and initiated reports to that effect, to no avail.
In August 1780 he was transferred to major-general Lafayette's staff, where he remained until he retired from the army in the autumn of 1781.
Following the war, McHenry was one of three physicians (others were Hugh Williamson and James McClurg) who participated in the Constitutional Convention to create the new Constitution of the United States.
He was elected by the legislature to the Maryland Senate on September 17, 1781 and as delegate to congress by the Maryland legislature on December 2, 1784.
Washington appointed McHenry Secretary of War in 1796 and immediately assigned him the task of facilitating the transition of Western military posts from Great Britain's control to that of the United States, under the terms of the Jay Treaty.
He was instrumental in reorganizing the United States Army into one of four regiments of infantry, a troop of dragoons, and a battery of artillery.
During President John Adams's administration (1797–1801), he also appointed McHenry as his Secretary of War, as he had decided to keep the newly established institution of the presidential cabinet intact.
Adams gradually found that three members of the cabinet repeatedly opposed him; McHenry, Pickering (the Secretary of State), and Oliver Wolcott, Jr. (the Secretary of the Treasury).
They appeared to listen more to Alexander Hamilton than to the president and publicly disagreed with Adams about his foreign policy, particularly with regard to France.
McHenry attributed Adams's troubles as chief executive to the president's long and frequent absences from the capital, leaving business in the hands of secretaries, who bore responsibility without the power to properly conduct it.
To replace McHenry, Adams first considered John Marshall, but when Pickering's departure left a vacancy in the office of Secretary of State, Adams named Marshall to that post.
During the election of 1800, McHenry goaded Hamilton into releasing his indictment against the President, which questioned Adams's loyalty and patriotism, sparking public quarrels over the major candidates and eventually paving the way for Thomas Jefferson to be elected as the next President.
The pamphlet leaked past its intended audience, giving the people reason to oppose the Federalists since that group seemed to be dividing into bitter factions.
In 1792, McHenry had purchased a 95-acre tract from Ridgely's Delight and named it Fayetteville in honor of his friend, the Marquis de Lafayette; he spent his remaining years there.
During that time, McHenry continued frequent correspondence with his friends and associates, in particular Timothy Pickering and Benjamin Tallmadge, with whom he maintained Federalist ideals and exchanged progress of the War of 1812.
He was not a great man, but participated in great events and great men loved him, while all men appreciated his goodness and purity of soul.
His highest titles to remembrance are that he was faithful to every duty and that he was the intimate and trusted friend of Lafayette, of Hamilton, and of Washington.
Sharon is a former village now incorporated into the municipality of the Town of East Gwillimbury, Ontario, Canada, formerly the Township of East Gwillimbury.
It is part of the musical, political, religious and architectural heritage of Ontario and is now a museum and National Historic Site of Canada.
The Children of Peace constructed a series of meeting houses on Willson's farm, which became the core of the utopian community they called Hope.
Sharon has bus service by York Region Transit (Route 50 Queensway, Route 58/58A Mount Albert), as well as commuter train service from GO Transit through East Gwillimbury Station in the southwestern corner of Sharon.
Plans exist to extend the highway through East Gwillimbury and further north have been completed with highway now terminating at Woodbine Avenue in Ravenshoe, Ontario.
The British West Indies dollar (BWI$) was the currency of British Guiana and the Eastern Caribbean territories of the British West Indies from 1949 to 1965, when it was largely replaced by the East Caribbean dollar, and was one of the currencies used in Jamaica from 1954 to 1964.
The British West Indies dollar was never used in British Honduras, the Cayman Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands, the Bahamas, or Bermuda.
Queen Anne's proclamation of 1704 introduced the gold standard to the British West Indies, putting the West Indies about two hundred years ahead of the East Indies in this respect.
Nevertheless, silver pieces of eight continued to form an important portion of the circulating coinage right up until the late 1870s.
In 1822, the British government coined 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 fractional 'Anchor dollars' for use in Mauritius and the British West Indies (but not Jamaica).
The United Kingdom was now operating a very successful gold standard in relation to the gold sovereign that was introduced in 1816, and there was a desire to extend this system to the colonies.
In addition to this, there was the fact that the supply of Spanish dollars (pieces of eight) had been cut off as a result of the revolutions in Latin America where most of the Spanish dollars were minted.
There was now a growing desire to have a stable and steady supply of British shillings everywhere where the British drum was beating.
The 1825 order-in-council was largely a failure because it made sterling silver coinage legal tender at the unrealistic rating in relation to the Spanish dollar of $1 = 4 shillings and 4 pence.
It did succeed in Jamaica, Bermuda, and British Honduras because the authorities in those territories set aside the official ratings and used the more realistic rating of $1 = 4 shillings.
The reality of the rating between the dollar and the pound was based on the silver content of the Spanish pieces of eight as compared to the gold content of the British gold sovereign.
In the years following the 1838 order-in-council, the British West Indies territories began to enact local legislation for the purposes of assimilating their monies of account with the British pound sterling.
Gold discoveries in Australia in 1851 drove the silver dollar out of the West Indies, but it returned again with the great depreciation in the value of silver that followed with Germany's transition to the gold standard between 1871 and 1873.
In the years immediately following 1873, there was a fear that the British West Indies might return to a silver standard.
Even though the British coinage was also silver, it represented fractions of the gold sovereign and so its value was based on a gold standard.
British Guiana used dollar accounts for the purpose of assisting in the transition from the Dutch guilder system of currency to the British pound sterling system.
In the Eastern Caribbean territories the private sector preferred to use dollar accounts whereas the government preferred to use sterling accounts.
In some of the Eastern Caribbean territories, notes were issued by various private banks, denominated in dollars equivalent to 4 shillings 2 pence.
See Antigua dollar, Barbadian dollar, Dominican dollar, Grenadan dollar, Guyanese dollar, Saint Kitts dollar, Saint Lucia dollar, Saint Vincent dollar and Trinidad and Tobago dollar.
In 1946, a West Indian Currency Conference saw Barbados, British Guiana, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago and the Windward Islands agree to establish a unified decimal currency system based on a West Indian dollar to replace the current arrangement of having three different Boards of Commissioners of Currency (for Barbados (which also served the Leeward and Windward Islands), British Guiana and Trinidad & Tobago).
In 1949, the British government formalized the dollar system of accounts in British Guiana and the Eastern Caribbean territories by introducing the British West Indies dollar (BWI$) at the already existing conversion rate of $4.80 per pound sterling (or $1 = 4 shillings 2 pence).
It was one of the many experimental political and economic ventures tested by the British government to form a uniform system within their British West Indies territories.
In 1950, the British Caribbean Currency Board (BCCB) was set up in Trinidad with the sole right to issue notes and coins of the new unified currency and given the mandate of keeping full foreign exchange cover to ensure convertibility at $4.80 per pound sterling.
In 1951, the British Virgin Islands joined the arrangement, but this led to discontent because that territory was more naturally drawn to the currency of the neighbouring US Virgin Islands.
However, although Jamaica (including the Cayman Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands) was part of the West Indies Federation, it retained the Jamaican pound, despite adopting the BWI$ as legal tender from 1954.
Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands were already long established users of the sterling accounts system of pounds, shillings, and pence.
In 1965, the British West Indies dollar of the now defunct West Indies Federation was replaced at par by the East Caribbean dollar and the BCCB was replaced by the Eastern Caribbean Currency Authority or ECCA (established by the Eastern Caribbean Currency Agreement 1965).
The EC$ is now issued by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, based in the city of Basseterre, in Saint Kitts and Nevis.
The bank was established by an agreement (the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Agreement) signed at Port of Spain on July 5, 1983.
The exchange rate of $4.80 = £1 sterling (equivalent to the old $1 = 4s 2d) continued right into up until 1976 for the new Eastern Caribbean dollar.
The , 1, and 2 cent coins were bronze and of the same weight and diameter as British Pound Sterling farthing, penny, and 1 penny coins.
The first banknotes in the British West Indies were issued by private banks, including the Colonial Bank, Barclays Bank (which took over the Colonial Bank) and the Royal Bank of Canada.
The main feature of interest about these banknotes was the fact that they displayed the dual accountancy system by stating the amount in both pounds sterling and in Spanish dollars at the automatic conversion rate of $1 = 4shillings and 2pence sterling.
The 1950-1951 issues bore the portrait of King George VI, with those between 1953 and 1964 bearing that of Queen Elizabeth II.
In March 1965, the East Caribbean Currency Authority (ECCA) was founded following the withdrawal from the British Caribbean Currency Board of British Guiana and Trinidad and Tobago to establish their respective central banks.
It is closely related to the other Frisian languages: North Frisian, spoken in Germany as well, and West Frisian, spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland.
Saterland Frisian is spoken by about 2,250 people, out of a total population in Saterland of some 10,000; an estimated 2,000 people (of whom, slightly fewer than half are native speakers) speak the language well.
It might, however, no longer be moribund, as several reports suggest that the number of speakers is rising among the younger generation, some of whom raise their children in Saterlandic.
There are three fully mutually intelligible dialects, corresponding to the three main villages of the municipality of Saterland: Ramsloh (Saterlandic: Roomelse), Scharrel (Schäddel), and Strücklingen (Strukelje).
The Ramsloh dialect now somewhat enjoys a status as a standard language, since a grammar and a word list were based on it.
Along with North Frisian and five other languages, Sater Frisian was included in Part III of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by Germany in 1998.
The phonology of Saterland Frisian is regarded as very conservative linguistically, as the entire East Frisian language group was conservative with regards to Old Frisian.
A full list of the books and the time of their publication can be seen on the German Wikipedia page of .
According to the app's description, it aims at making the language fun for children to learn teaches them Saterlandic vocabulary in many different domains (the supermarket, the farm, the church).
North Frisian is closely related to the Saterland Frisian language of Northwest Germany and West Frisian which is spoken in the Netherlands.
The phonological system of the North Frisian dialects is strongly being influenced by Standard German and is slowly adapting to that of the German language.
With a number of native speakers probably even less than 10,000 and decreasing use in mainland North Frisia, the North Frisian language is endangered.
It is protected as a minority language and has become an official language in the Nordfriesland district and on Heligoland island.
The closest relatives of North Frisian are the two other Frisian languages, the Saterland Frisian of north-western Lower Saxony, Germany, and the West Frisian language spoken in the northern Netherlands.
The two languages are classified in a common Anglo-Frisian group, which is grouped among the Ingvaeonic languages, together with Low German.
The islands of Sylt, Föhr and Amrum were colonised in around AD 800, and the mainland was settled by Frisians in AD 1100.
On Sylt, Föhr and Amrum and in parts of the northern mainland, there is a strong Danish (South Jutlandic) influence, but on Heligoland and the rest of mainland North Frisia, the Low German influence is predominant.
Moreover, there has historically been little exchange between the dialects and so hardly any lingua franca could develop and there was no cultural centre in North Frisia for which the dialect could have had a leading role.
In contrast to the northern hundreds, Eiderstedt was economically strong and wealthy and was oriented towards the southern, Low German parts of Schleswig-Holstein.
The population of the eastern, remaining part of Strand, the modern Nordstrand, did not succeed in rebuilding the dikes on their own.
Therefore, many Frisian speaking people left their homeland on Strand or were otherwise not able to maintain their native language against mostly Dutch-speaking immigrants.
On Pellworm, the western remainder of Strand, the repair of the dikes was quickly accomplished and so the Frisian language was still spoken in the 18th century, until it also vanished due to changes in population structure.
Likewise close to Halligen Frisian was the Wyk Frisian that used to be spoken in Wyk auf Föhr until the town completely shifted to Low German.
The dialect that most recently died out is Southern Goesharde Frisian which became extinct with the death of its last speaker in the early 1980s.
This designation is today mostly used when the North Frisian collectivity is addressed or in the names of official institutions such as Nordfriisk Instituut, Friisk Foriining or Friisk Gesäts.
Despite the strong differences among the North Frisian dialects, there are still some traits of phonology that are more or less common to all dialects.
Among them is the lowering from to , which is mostly complete in the central dialects but is only at the stage or in the periphery.
Until recently, an additional number of dental consonants that changed the meaning of a word occurred in the dialect of Föhr.
In general, it can be noted that the insular dialects feature a relatively complicated consonantal system, but the mainland dialects have more diverse vowels.
Recently, the phonological system of the North Frisian dialects has been strongly influenced by Standard German and is slowly adapting to its system.
Many are trilingual (North Frisian, Standard German and Low German) and, especially along the Danish border, quadrilingualism used to be widespread (North Frisian, Standard German, Low German and South Jutlandic).
On 24 December 2004 a state law became effective in Schleswig-Holstein that recognises the North Frisian language for official use in the Nordfriesland district and on Heligoland.
Formerly known as the township of Michipicoten, after a nearby river of that name, the township was officially renamed in 2007 for its largest and best-known community of Wawa.
In the late 19th century, both gold and iron ore were found and mined, leading to the region's rise as the steel industry developed in Sault Ste.
The township includes the smaller communities of Michipicoten and Michipicoten River, which are small port settlements on the shore of Lake Superior.
It was at the junction of the main fur trade route from Montreal westward and the route to James Bay via the Missinaibi River.
Four years later, it was re-opened on the same site by fur traders Alexander Henry the elder and Jean Baptiste Cadotte.
With the union of the two companies in 1821, the Lake Superior trade was diverted from Montreal to Hudson Bay via Michipicoten.
In the latter half of the 1950s, the town's name was temporarily changed to Jamestown in honour of Sir James Hamet Dunn, but it was later returned to Wawa at the request of the community's residents.
Notable producers include the Grace Mine (1902-1944), which produced 15,191 ounces, the Minto Mine (1929-1942), which produced 37,678 ounces, the Parkhill Mine (1902-1944), which produced 54,301 ounces, and the Renabie Mine (1920-1991), which produced 1.1 million ounces.
The search for gold during the Michipicoten boom led to the unexpected discovery in 1897 of iron ore. Francis Hector Clergue, an American entrepreneur, immediately recognized the iron ore for its potential; he established a steel company at Sault Ste.
The mine produced high-grade iron ore until 1903, when operations shut down due to financial difficulties encountered by Clergue and his company.
By 1904, the mine had returned to full production capabilities and was mining one thousand tons of hematite ore a day.
The Census of Canada records that the population of the Michipicoten region in 1921 experienced a drop from 1,001 in 1911 to 101 just ten years later.
It was not until 1937, with the threat of war in Europe and the emergence of a profitable market for Canadian iron ore, that the Helen Mine was reopened.
It was used to treat the siderite ore before it was shipped to the blast furnaces at Algoma Steel in Sault Ste.
The ore was transported on an aerial tramline that consisted of over 280 steel three-ton buckets traveling underground and then emerging three-quarters of a mile west of the 2,066-foot vertical MacLeod Shaft.
During the summer of 1971, Wawa hosted an archaeological field camp known as the Wawa Drop-In Project or the Big Dig, for young hitchhikers traveling along Highway 17.
Throughout the 1990s, Wawa and the Algoma Ore Division continued to be challenged by international market problems that plagued both the gold and iron mining industries.
In December 1997, Algoma Steel announced that it could no longer support the high cost of extracting low-grade iron at Algoma Ore Division.
Although Wawa's mountain of iron ore had more to give, operations were shut down in June 1998, one hundred years after iron was first discovered in this remote corner of northern Algoma.
In recent years, diamond prospecting and proposals to create a trap rock mine on the shore of Lake Superior have been developed; however, no mining activities of any kind have yet been established.
In October 2007 Weyerhauser, which operated an oriented strandboard mill 30 kilometres east of the town, announced an indefinite shutdown of its mill.
Since the shutdown, Wawa's economy has suffered a near complete collapse, as the closure resulted in over 135 lost jobs, and more residents left the area.
It peaked at close to 5,600 in the 1990s but has since dropped to under 3,000, according to the 2011 Canadian census.
The collapse of the forestry industry in the first decade of the 2000s also adversely affected the neighbouring communities of Dubreuilville and White River.
The Algoma District School Board is responsible for offering English language instruction and operates Sir James Dunn Public School, offering kindergarten to Grade 8 classes, while Michipicoten High School offers Grades 9 to 12.
The Huron-Superior Catholic District School Board provides French immersion language instruction for junior kindergarten to Grade 7 at St. Joseph French Immersion School.
The Conseil scolaire du Grand Nord offers public school instruction at Ecole publique l'Escalade for students in kindergarten to Grade 8.
The community is known for its 8.5-metre (28-foot) metal statue of a Canada goose, which was built in 1960, and dedicated to the community in 1961.
On July 5, 2010, Canada Post made a commemorative stamp of the Wawa Goose as part of its Roadside Attractions collection.
After James Neufeld resigned on April 27, 2015, Matthew Morrison was appointed to fill the vacant seat on August 10, 2015.
In 2016, Councillor Tamara Liddle and her husband, Gerry Liddle were investigated and it was revealed that both Gerry Liddle and Councillor Tamara Liddle harassed CAO Chris Wray in an effort to obtain a personal benefit to avoid paying municipal taxes/avoid enforcement of their municipal tax arrears.
After the 2018 municipal elections, Ron Rody was acclaimed as mayor and the following councillors were elected: Bill Chiasson, Mitch Hatfield, Robert Reece, and Pat Tait.
Highway 17, the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway, passes through the township, although the primary townsite is located on Highway 101, two kilometers east of the junction with Highway 17.
In October 2012, the town was forced to declare a state of emergency after severe flooding washed out several roads within the municipality, including sections of both Highway 17 and Highway 101.
The line, formerly known as the Algoma Central Railway, provides tourist operations, as well as passenger and freight service to communities in northern Ontario.
Winters are cold and snowy with a January high of and a low of and temperatures below occur 45 days per year.
Snowfall totals are heavy, averaging over due to lake effect snow from Lake Superior as cold air from the northwest passes over the warmer lake.
Summers are cool and mild due to cool, dry air masses from the northwest and the cooling of warm air from the south as it passes Lake Superior.
The average annual precipitation is , which is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year though the months of July to October see a peak in precipitation.
Along Came Polly is a 2004 American romantic comedy film written and directed by John Hamburg and starring Ben Stiller and Jennifer Aniston.
The story follows Reuben Feffer (Ben Stiller), a tightly-wound New Yorker who finds his life falling apart when he discovers his wife cheating on him with a scuba diver on their honeymoon.
He then rebounds and finds himself falling in love with his former classmate, Polly Prince (Jennifer Aniston) as she tries to loosen up his rigid ways, which brings him to question his life and some decisions, and that you can't analyze the safe choice in love all the time.
Reuben Feffer (Ben Stiller), a risk analyst for life insurance, is celebrating his honeymoon with newlywed wife, Lisa Kramer (Debra Messing), on the island of St. Barts, but catches her having sex with Claude (Hank Azaria), a French scuba instructor.
Reuben goes to an art gallery with his friend, Sandy Lyle (Philip Seymour Hoffman), where he runs into former junior high school classmate Polly Prince (Jennifer Aniston).
The contrast between their two personalities is a source of comedy throughout the film until Lisa returns and tells him she wants to reconcile their relationship.
Polly joins Reuben on a sailing trip where he is to inspect Leland Van Lew (Bryan Brown), a high-risk client, but she is offended when she sees his risk analysis of her.
He eventually invites Lisa to Sandy's opening show, where he learns that Polly is leaving New York in a few hours.
After a speech given by his father, Irving (Bob Dishy), to Sandy about not living in the past, Reuben realizes he wants to be with Polly and not Lisa, and he rushes to her apartment to stop her from leaving.
Polly is not convinced she should stay with him, so Reuben eats food off the ground to prove he is capable of taking risks.
Reuben again encounters Claude, but instead of being angry, he thanks Claude before heading into the water with Polly to join Van Lew on his new boat.
The film holds an approval rating of 26% at Rotten Tomatoes based on 159 reviews, with an average rating of 4.78/10.
Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score from 1 to 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gave the film a 44 based on 35 critics.
He generally favour the Liberals for the remainder of his time in parliament (though continuing to sit as an Independent), and stood aside in favour of Cameron in 1878.
Greenway moved to Manitoba in 1879, having acquired a large tract of land in the province's southwestern corner (with financial backing from Cameron).
When a provincial election was held on 16 December of that year, he was elected unopposed in the riding of Mountain.
When Prime Minister John A. Macdonald disallowed Manitoba's local railway legislation in 1882, Greenway formed an opposition group known as the Provincial Rights Party, which ran 15 candidates in the provincial election of 1883.
Although it did not achieve immediate success (Norquay's government won 21 of 30 seats), it emerged as the most powerful voice on the opposition side.
Greenway had to fend off a personal challenge from premier Norquay, who ran as a candidate in Mountain as well as his own riding of St. Andrew's.
If Norquay hoped to silence the strongest opposition voice by this tactic, he was unsuccessful: Greenway won the riding by 330 votes to 244.
The Provincial Rights group subsequently consolidated the non-government MLAs into the Manitoba Liberal Party — rather to the chagrin of some Winnipeg Liberals, who were suspicious of Greenway's rural base.
The Liberals believed they had a chance to win the provincial election of 1886, and in fact, received about as many votes as Norquay's Conservatives.
A personal visit from John A. Macdonald boosted Conservative strength, however, and Norquay's government won roughly 21 seats compared to 14 for the opposition.
Norquay was unable to maintain his alliance with John A. McDonald and resigned after losing the support of his ministers in December 1887.
When his successor David Howard Harrison proved unable to command a parliamentary majority, Greenway was asked by the Lieutenant Governor to form a new administration in January 1888.
Greenway's Liberal administration was tolerated by John A. Macdonald, who once claimed in private correspondence that he preferred Greenway to Norquay.
Perhaps the only thing that Greenway unambiguously stood for in 1888 was provincial railway rights: when he assumed power, he promised to be more successful in securing these rights than the Norquay administration had been.
Greenway was extremely fortunate, in this sense, that his term began just as the Canadian Pacific Railway voluntarily ended its provincial monopoly over rail travel, subject to hefty compensation from the federal government.
He rode a wave of popular support to a landslide election victory in the 1888 campaign, taking 33 seats against 5 for the Conservatives.
His controversial reforms of Manitoba's school system provoked a national crisis in the 1890s, and are still regarded as his administration's most notable accomplishment.
The Manitoba Act of 1870 and School Act of 1871 provided for separate and equally funded Catholic and Protestant school boards.
These boards were divided by language as well as religion: the province's original Catholic population was predominantly francophone, while its Protestant population was almost exclusively anglophone.
Protestants came to outnumber Catholics by a significant margin, and the dual system was regarded by many new settlers as an anachronism.
Greenway sought to appeal to these voters in 1890 by abolishing the dual system and setting up a single Department of Education.
Also in 1890, Greenway's Liberals enacted legislation to unilaterally abolish the province's obligation to ensure all its law were bilingual, doing away with French-language legislation.
In 1984, the federal Government referred the question to the Supreme Court of Canada, which held Greenway's actions had been unconstitutional.
Under Greenways's anti-French and anti-Catholic education legislation of 1890, while Catholic schools were allowed, but they were denied state funding; parents who sent their children to Catholic schools were required to contribute to their secular board as well.
Greenway's legislation brought about a complex series of legal cases, as well as threats of disallowance from various levels of government.
The resulting controversy (known as the Manitoba Schools Question) dominated Canadian politics in the mid-1890s, and divided both the Conservatives and Liberals on the national level.
In 1895, after the Privy Council refused to decide the matter, Conservative Prime Minister Mackenzie Bowell passed remedial legislation defending Catholic rights.
The result, on 15 January 1896, was another Liberal landslide victory — Greenway's Liberals won 31 seats, compared with 6 for the still-leaderless Conservatives (the Patrons of Industry, an upstart third party, were sidelined by the education controversy and won only 2 seats).
Shortly thereafter, the federal Liberals under Wilfrid Laurier won a national election, and resolved the Schools Questions with a mild compromise (providing minimal state support for Catholic and French education on a case-by-case basis).
Greenway's efforts to introduce secular education into the province were successful, and the Laurier government's bid for further concessions in later years came to nothing.
No longer able to benefit from protest votes, the Liberals were defeated by the Conservatives under Hugh John Macdonald (son of the former Prime Minister) in late 1899.
Many voters were apprehensive about recent East European immigration into the province, and were offended by even the minor concessions which Greenway had made on the education question; the Conservative Party was able to tap into this xenophobia, and won 22 seats out of 40.
An attempt for an early Senate promotion came to nothing, and he continued to lead the Liberals in a desultory fashion through the election of 1903 (wherein his party won only 9 of 40 seats).
Although his loyalty to the Liberal Party was now unquestioned, he accomplished very little in Ottawa and continued to spend most of his time seeking out a comfortable sinecure.
Some regarded his education reforms as discriminatory toward minority groups; others (including some in the social gospel and secular left) saw him as a champion of the public school system in western Canada.
Following his departure from the provincial scene, no one doubted that partisan politics had become an established part of Manitoba's cultural landscape.
It is located in the Siberian Platform and extends over an area of , between the Yenisei in the west and the Central Yakutian Lowland in the east.
To the south it is bound by the Altai Mountains, Salair Ridge, Kuznetsk Alatau, the Eastern and Western Sayan Mountains and other mountains of Tuva, as well as the Baikal and Transbaikal mountains.
To the north of the plateau lie the North Siberian Lowland and to the east the plateau gives way to the Central Yakutian Lowland and the Lena Plateau.
The surface of the Central Siberian Plateau is characterized by the alternation of wide plateaus and ridges, some of the latter sharply jagged.
Known geologically as the Siberian Traps, mineral resources here are very rich and include coal, iron ore, gold, platinum, diamonds and natural gas.
Yisroel Lipkin was born in Zagare, Lithuania on November 3, 1809, the son of Rabbi Zev Wolf, the rabbi of that town and later Av Beth Din of Goldingen and Telz, and his wife Leah.
After his 1823 marriage to Esther Fega Eisenstein, daughter of Yenta and Yaakov HaLevi Eisenstein (died August 1871, Vilnius), Rabbi Lipkin settled with her in Salant.
There he continued his studies under Rabbi Hirsch Broda and Rabbi Yosef Zundel of Salant, himself a disciple of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin.
Rabbi Zundel exerted a deep influence on the development of Lipkin's character; he had stressed religious self-improvement (musar), which Lipkin later developed into a complete method and popularized.
When a minor scandal arose related to his appointment, he left the post to its previous inhabitant and moved to Zarechya, an exurb of Vilna.
At Rabbi Lipkin's suggestion, the Musar writings of Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Solomon ibn Gabirol, and Menachem Mendel Lefin were reprinted and popularized in Vilna.
Despite the prohibition against doing work on Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath), Rabbi Salanter set an example for the Lithuanian Jewish community during the cholera epidemic of 1848.
Although some wanted such work to be done on Shabbat by non-Jews, Rabbi Salanter held that both Jewish ethics and law mandated that the obligation to save lives took priority over other laws.
During Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement), Rabbi Salanter ordered that Jews that year must not abide by the traditional fast, but instead must eat in order to maintain their health, again for emergency health reasons.
Some claim that, to allay any doubts, he himself went up to the synagogue pulpit on that holy day, recited the Kiddush prayer, drank and ate - as a public example for others to do the same.
Toward the end of his life, Rabbi Lipkin was called to Paris to organize a community among the many Russian Jewish immigrants, and he remained there for two years.
For example, in order to be able to legally travel outside of the Pale of Settlement, he became a master dye-maker.
Rav Salanter had an outreach philosophy and was the first major East European rabbi to move to Western Europe, where the Orthodox considered religious standards to be lower.
He was considered one of the most eminent Orthodox rabbis of the nineteenth century because of his broad Talmudic scholarship, and his deep piety.
Rabbi Lipkin wrote to the rabbis and community leaders urging them to keep lists of recruits, so as to leave no pretext for the contention that the Jews shirked such service.
He told his disciples that the day the decree was annulled (26 August 1856) should be declared a Yom Tov (Jewish holiday).
Rabbi Salanter is recognized as the father of the Musar movement developed in 19th century Orthodox Eastern Europe, particularly among the Lithuanian Jews.
Rabbi Salanter is best known for stressing that the inter-personal laws of the Torah bear as much weight as Divine obligations.
According to Rabbi Lipkin, adhering to the ritual aspects of Judaism without developing one's relationships with others and oneself was an unpardonable parody.
The concept of the subconscious appears in the writings of Rabbi Salanter well before the concept was popularized by Sigmund Freud.
Already in 1880, the concept of conscious and subconscious processes and the role they play in the psychological, emotional and moral functioning of man are fully developed and elucidated.
Rabbi Salanter would teach that the time for a person to work on not allowing improper subconscious impulses to affect him was during times of emotional quiet, when a person is more in control of his thoughts and feelings.
He would stress that when a person is experiencing an acute emotional response to an event, he is not necessarily in control of his thoughts and faculties and will not have access to the calming perspectives necessary to allow his conscious mind to intercede.
One of the more popular teachings of Rabbi Salanter is based on a real life encounter he had with a shoemaker one very late night.
It was Motza'ei Shabbat (Saturday night after Shabbat) and Rabbi Salanter was on the way to the synagogue to recite Selichot.
Suddenly he felt a tear in his shoe, so he looked around town to see if there was a shoemaker still open for business at this late hour.
Upon hearing this, Rabbi Salanter ran to the synagogue and preached to the public what he had learned from the shoemaker.
In his words, as long as the candle is burning, as long as one is still alive, it is still possible to repair one's soul.
Rabbi Salanter believed that accomplishment in spiritual growth is not limited to rabbinic figures but is also the realm of the ordinary layman.
Therefore his closest disciples included not only leading rabbis of the next generation but also laymen who would come to exert a tremendous positive influence on the physical and spiritual lot of their brethren.
Soviet anti-Zionism was a propaganda doctrine promulgated in the Soviet Union during the course of the Cold War, which intensified after the 1967 Six-Day War.
It was officially sponsored by the department of propaganda of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and by the KGB.
The Soviet Union framed its anti-Zionist propaganda in terms of the ideological doctrine of Zionology, in the guise of a study of modern Zionism.
From late 1944, Joseph Stalin adopted a pro-Zionist foreign policy, apparently believing that the new country would be socialist and would speed the decline of British influence in the Middle East.
Accordingly, in November 1947, the Soviet Union, together with the other Soviet bloc countries voted in favour of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which paved the way for the creation of the State of Israel.
Resolution 3379 was pioneered by the Soviet Union and passed with numerical support from Arab, Muslim and African states amidst accusations that Israel was supportive of the apartheid regime in South Africa.
Also, at the same time, the CPSU set up the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public as an anti-Zionist propaganda tool.
It took more than six years before Moscow consented to restore diplomatic relations with Israel on 19 October 1991, just 2 months before the collapse of the USSR and ten days before the Dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union was one of the sponsors of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86 which was adopted on 16 December 1991 and revoked Resolution 3379 that had called Zionism a form of racism.
Project Looking Glass is a now inactive free software project under the GPL to create an innovative 3D desktop environment for Linux, Solaris, and Windows.
Despite the use of graphics acceleration features, the desktop explores the use of 3D windowing capabilities for both existing application programs and ones specifically designed for Looking Glass.
Looking Glass was first developed by Hideya Kawahara, a Sun programmer who wrote it in his spare time on a small Linux laptop.
After demonstrating an early version to Sun executives, he was assigned to it full-time with a dedicated team and open sourced the project.
It was first demonstrated publicly by Jonathan Schwartz at LinuxWorld Expo 2003 in San Francisco, and since then has gathered momentum in development.
After unveiling the prototype, Steve Jobs called Schwartz's office and told him that Apple would sue Sun if they moved forward to commercialize it.
Regardless of the threat, Sun determined that the project was not a priority and decided not to put more resource to develop it further into product quality.
This capability can be used for features like allowing the user to write notes and comments on the windows' backs, or displaying application dialogs without risking their being detached from the application they relate to.
All windows start by looking like a normal 2D or 2.5D window, but can be manipulated as thin slate-like 3D objects which can be set at any angle or turned completely around by the user.
Other features include tilting all the window to assist the user to pick up a desired window, provision of a panning virtual desktop, icons that reflect the live status of the window they represent and zooming of a window when it receives focus.
One technique became popular by Apple's Dashboard widgets is configuration of an application (widget) by flipping its visual and performing updates on the backside of it.
Windows 7 implements a feature for window selection that hides other windows than the one that the user placed the mouse cursor on a thumbnail above the taskbar.
Looking Glass is similar to the TaskGallery prototype from Microsoft Research and the open source Croquet project based on Squeak in terms of allowance for the user to manipulate applications (including existing 2D applications) in a 3D space.
However, user interaction models of TaskGallery and Croquet are based on Virtual Reality-like experience where the user moves inside the 3D space to perform tasks, whereas Looking Glass retains the operational model of today's desktop (i.e.
Also, these three are similar as they are meant to work on adapted or enhanced versions of existing desktops rather than re-designing the entire graphical user interface from scratch, an approach taken by many Zooming User Interface projects such as the one created by Jef Raskin.
While many window managers (such as Microsoft's Desktop Window Manager, the X Window System based Compiz, and macOS through Core Animation) can utilize 3D effects, these merely augment a conventional 2D environment.
It is also more robust against error-prone data than the Lineweaver–Burk plot, particularly because it gives equal weight to data points in any range of substrate concentration or reaction rate.
One drawback from the Eadie–Hofstee approach is that neither ordinate nor abscissa represent independent variables: both are dependent on reaction rate.
The Variomatic was introduced by DAF in 1958, also putting an automatic gear box in the Netherlands for the first time.
Due the fact the engine runs most of the time in its best fuel economic speed, the fuel consumption of this car was at accepted level, although the fuel efficiency of any mechanical CVT is about 70 (then) to 75% today (Bosch).
Because the system does not have separate gears, but one (continuously shifting) gear and a separate 'reverse mode' (as opposed to a reverse gear), the gear works in reverse as well, giving it the interesting side effect that one can drive backwards as fast as forwards.
As a result, in the former Dutch annual backward driving world championship, the DAFs had to be put in a separate competition because no other car could keep up.
When DAF was taken over by Volvo, the Variomatic patents were transferred to a company called VDT (Van Doorne Transmissie), later taken over by Bosch.
This system uses a metal belt and lacks a limit to the number of gears available, switching between them without noticeable shocks.
There are three factories producing these belts, the Bosch factories in Tilburg (the Netherlands), Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), and San Luis Potosí (Mexico).
The distance between the drums is controlled by the engine vacuum in the inlet manifold and engine RPM, through centrifugal weights inside the drums.
As a result of change in the distance of the conical drums in both pulleys, the diameters and so also the reduction ratio changes continuously.
With the DAF 600 - 55 each rear wheel was propelled individually by a pair of conical drums and drive belt with the effect of a limited slip differential: if a drive wheel on slippery road revs up, the other wheel can still transfer the full torque.
Although each belt could settle (independent of the other) into its optimum position, thus allowing for wheel speed variation, the system was slow to operate and depended on the pulleys being turned.
Low speed handling in icy conditions was interesting as the system tended to drive the car forward against the influence of the steered wheels.
A version with a differential was developed by Williams in the 1993 Williams FW15C CVT Formula One car, but it was banned before being raced.
It is a standard part of all common scooters since 1985, and several companies such as Malossi, Polini, Doppler and Stage6 are offering tuning clutches and variomatic for most common 50, 70 and 125 cc scooters.
Rather than the pulled rubber drive belts as originally used by DAF, the modern transmission is made much more durable by the use of steel link belts that are pushed by their pulleys.
Although found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines, it can cause destructive changes to human and animal lungs if aspirated, specifically to the alveoli resulting in bloody, brownish or yellow colored jelly like sputum.
Also, it is known as Friedlander's bacillum in honor of Carl Friedländer, a German pathologist, who proposed that this bacterium was the etiological factor for the pneumonia seen especially in immunocompromised individuals such as people with chronic diseases or alcoholics.
This patient population is believed to have impaired respiratory host defenses, including persons with diabetes, alcoholism, malignancy, liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, glucocorticoid therapy, kidney failure, and certain occupational exposures (such as papermill workers).
The range of clinical diseases includes pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, urinary tract infection, cholecystitis, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, wound infection, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and bacteremia, and sepsis.
For patients with an invasive device in their bodies, contamination of the device becomes a risk; neonatal ward devices, respiratory support equipment, and urinary catheters put patients at increased risk.
The bacteria remain susceptible to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, varying degrees of inhibition of the beta-lactamase with clavulanic acid have been reported.
Over the past 10 years, a progressive increase in CRKP has been seen worldwide; however, this new emerging nosocomial pathogen is probably best known for an outbreak in Israel that began around 2006 within the healthcare system there.
In the USA, it was first described in North Carolina in 1996; since then CRKP has been identified in 41 states; and is routinely detected in certain hospitals in New York and New Jersey.
CRKP is resistant to almost all available antimicrobial agents, and infections with CRKP have caused high rates of morbidity and mortality, in particular among persons with prolonged hospitalization and those critically ill and exposed to invasive devices (e.g., ventilators or central venous catheters).
New slight mutations could result in infections for which healthcare professionals can do very little, if anything, to treat patients with resistant organisms.
These include hyperproduction of ampC beta-lactamase with an outer membrane porin mutation, CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with a porin mutation or drug efflux, and carbapenemase production.
Because these strains are susceptible to carbapenems, they are not identified as potential clinical or infection control risks using standard susceptibility testing guidelines.
A nationwide outbreak of CRE (which peaked in March, 2007 at 55.5 cases per 100,000 patient days) necessitated a nationwide treatment plan.
The intervention entailed physical separation of all CRE carriers and appointment of a task force to oversee efficacy of isolation by closely monitoring hospitals and intervening when necessary.
The plan was effective because of strict hospital compliance, wherein each was required to keep detailed documentation of all CRE carriers.
Effective sterilization and decontamination procedures are important to keep the infection rate of this antibiotic-resistant strain, CRKP, as low as possible.
On testing by CDC an isolate from the patient was found to be resistant to all 26 antibiotics available in the US, including drug of last resort colistin.
It is believed she may have picked up the microbe while hospitalized in India for two years due to a broken right femur and subsequent femur and hip infections.
Resistance to phages is not likely to be as troublesome as to antibiotics as new infectious phages are likely to be available in environmental reservoirs.
First described by George Hoyt Whipple in 1907 and commonly considered a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes malabsorption but may affect any part of the body including the heart, brain, joints, skin, lungs and the eyes.
Weight loss, diarrhea, joint pain, and arthritis are common presenting symptoms, but the presentation can be highly variable and approximately 15% of patients do not have these classic signs and symptoms.
When recognized and treated, Whipple's disease can usually be cured with long-term antibiotic therapy; if the disease is left untreated, it can be ultimately fatal.
The joint pains may be due to migratory non-deforming arthritis, which may occur many years before any digestive tract symptoms develop; they tend to involve the large joints but can occur in any pattern and tend not to damage the joint surface to the point that the joint becomes deformed.
In its more advanced form, malabsorption (insufficient absorption of nutrients from the diet) leads to wasting and the enlargement of lymph nodes in the abdomen.
Protein-losing enteropathy may also occur, causing depletion of albumin, a blood protein, which may lead to peripheral edema caused by the lowered oncotic pressures.
Various eye problems, such as uveitis, may occur; this is typically associated with deteriorating vision and pain in the affected eye.
Endocarditis (infection of the heart valve) has been reported in a small number of cases, sometimes in people with no other symptoms of Whipple's disease; this is typically noticed as breathlessness and leg swelling due to fluid accumulation as the heart is unable to pump fluid through the body.
Of those affected by Whipple's disease, 10–40% of people have problems related to the involvement of the brain; the symptoms relate to the part of the brain that is affected.
Weakness and poor coordination of part of the body, headaches, seizures, as well as a number of more uncommon neurological features, are present in some cases.
The disease is common in farmers and those exposed to soil and animals, suggesting that the infection is acquired from these sources.
Individuals who are most susceptible to the disease are those with decreased ability to perform intracellular degradation of ingested pathogens or particles, particularly within macrophages.
Common clinical signs and symptoms of Whipple's disease include diarrhea, steatorrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, migratory arthropathy, fever, and neurological symptoms.
Weight loss and diarrhea are the most common symptoms that lead to identification of the process, but may be preceded by chronic, unexplained, relapsing episodes of non-destructive seronegative arthritis, often of large joints.
Diagnosis is made by biopsy, usually by duodenal endoscopy, which reveals PAS-positive macrophages in the lamina propria containing non-acid-fast gram-positive bacilli.
PCR of saliva, gastric or intestinal fluid, and stool specimens is highly sensitive, but not specific enough, indicating that healthy individuals can also harbor the causative bacterium without the manifestation of Whipple's disease, but that a negative PCR is most likely indicative of a healthy individual.
Endoscopy of the duodenum and jejunum can reveal pale yellow shaggy mucosa with erythematous eroded patches in patients with classic intestinal Whipple's disease, and small bowel X-rays may show some thickened folds.
The disease is regarded as extremely rare, with an incidence (new number of cases per year) of one case per million people.
The patients are predominantly male (86% in a survey of American patients), although in some countries the rate of women receiving a diagnosis of Whipple's disease has increased in recent years.
The novel fictionalizes the lives of the immigrants who played a large role in the building of the city of Toronto in the early 1900s, but whose contributions never became part of the city's official history.
Prominence is given to the construction of two Toronto landmarks, the Prince Edward Viaduct, commonly known as the Bloor Street Viaduct, and the R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant, and focuses on the lives of the immigrant workers.
The plot incorporates a number of true stories of the time, such as the fall of a nun from a bridge, the disappearance of Ambrose Small, the political suppression of Police Chief Draper, and the murder of labour union organizers Rosvall and Voutilainen.
In a minor section of the novel, Patrick Lewis visits Paris, Ontario in which Ondaatje describes various parts of the town including: Broadway Street, Wheelers Needleworks, Medusa, Paris Plains, just north of the town, the Arlington hotel, and Paris Public Library.
As a young boy in Depot Creek, Ontario, Patrick watches the loggers arrive in town in the winter, work in the mills in the other seasons, and skate on the frozen river.
Patrick's father, Hazen Lewis becomes a dynamiter and is meticulous when washing his clothes each evening to remove remnants of explosives on his apparel.
As a young man, Patrick leaves the profession that killed his father and sets out to find the vanished millionaire Ambrose Small.
Patrick finds Small living in a house owned by a timber company, and Small attempts to set him on fire—once by dropping kerosene on him and then by throwing a Molotov cocktail.
Patrick escapes to his hotel room and is visited by Clara, who dresses his wounds and makes love to him before returning to Small.
He is accepted into the neighborhood and is invited by Kosta, a fellow dynamiter, to a gathering at the Waterworks—a place where various nationalities gather for secret political discussions and entertainment.
Patrick witnesses a performance in which an actor repeatedly smashes her hand against the stage and rushes forward to help her.
He burns down the hotel, then escapes on a small boat, traveling to the next island, where he meets the blind Elizabeth.
Caravaggio recalls his first robbery, in the course of which he broke his ankle while retrieving a painting, so he had hidden in a mushroom factory where a young woman named Giannetta helped him recover, with whom he had escaped by dressing as a woman.
Caravaggio enters the cottage of a woman whom he met on the lake and calls his wife to let her know he's all right.
Realizing that the water supply is vulnerable to being cut off or poisoned, Harris installs guards at the Waterworks, which he built.
He places dynamite about the plant testing facility and carries the detonating box to Harris' office, where he accuses Harris of exploiting the workers and ignoring their plight.
Patrick tells Harris how Alice Gull was killed and we learn that she accidentally picked up the wrong satchel, containing a bomb.
Patrick exhausted falls asleep, and in the morning Harris asks the police to defuse the bombs and bring a nurse for Patrick.
This novel is categorized thematically as post-colonial, as it is largely concerned with the native cultures and languages of immigrants in Canada.
Additionally, the structure of the novel may be described as postmodern in that Ondaatje uses the integration of different voices, images, and re-organization of time to tell these stories.
Devi draws on Ondaatje's use of converging narratives to uncover the vastly different experiences of immigrants in Canada, and symbolize the overarching issue of how their unofficial history is erased from the official histories.
Guitarist Chad Taylor explained that the tensions between Kowalczyk and the other three members that eventually caused the band to split from him surfaced in 1999, and had grown worse during the album's recording sessions.
The National Premier Soccer League, USL League Two and United Premier Soccer League are USASA national affiliates designed to promote a higher lever of competition than the state organizations.
Three tiers with standard requirements include: Tiers I and II are designed for leagues that have or wish to have a national footprint.
Throwing Copper is the third studio release by American alternative rock band Live, released on April 26, 1994 on former MCA Records subsidiary Radioactive Records.
It has been suggested that the painting explores the themes of betrayal, revenge, and fear and that it shows a group of prostitutes urging a man holding a bible to throw himself off a cliff.
Nomura entered Keio University to study art in 1936, graduated in 1941, and then promptly joined the Shochiku studios as well.
He was first hired as an assistant director but before being assigned any projects he was drafted into the army before being discharged in July 1946.
In 1952, Nomura was promoted to director and made his directorial debut in 1953 with the film , which was such a success that the studio gave him five more films to direct the following year.
He is considered as one of the pioneers of Japanese film noir and frequently collaborated with mystery writer Seichō Matsumoto, with whom he made eight films.
Nomura retired from directing in 1985, after which he worked as a TV producer and as consultant to other Japanese directors.
In 1995, he was decorated by the Japanese Government with the Order of the Rising Sun, the second highest order of Japan.
In 2014, the National Media Museum in the UK organised a programme of five Nomura films, all of which were adaptations of Seichō Matsumoto stories.
David Abramovich Dragunsky (; – 12 October 1992) was a tank officer in World War II who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
As a member of the Komsomol he was made head of a district council and later sent to rural areas to participate in collectivization.
In 1938, he commanded an infantry company during combat operations near Khasan Lake and was awarded an Order of the Red Banner.
During World War II, he was in command of a Tank battalion and, in 1943, he became the commander of the 55th Guards Tank Brigade of the 3rd Guards Tank Army.
He became an ordinary member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1931, a member of the Regimental Party Committee in 1935, and Secretary of the Brigade Committee in 1942.
In 1977, he was designated chairman of Anti-Zionist committee of the Soviet public by the Ideological Department of the CPSU Central Committee and the KGB.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, it was revealed that he himself was under the surveillance of the KGB during the 1960s and 1970s because of his Israeli relatives.
Orhei takes its name from the medieval city of Old Orhei, about below the modern city on the Răut River, which was destroyed by the Crimean Tatars in the 14th to 16th centuries.
Like the rest of Bessarabia, Orhei was taken by the Kingdom of Romania after World War I and was annexed by the USSR in 1940.
Prior to 2003, Orhei was the capital of Orhei County, a large administrative region, but the country was divided further into Raion, or districts.
Also in the area are Baptist, Roman Catholic, a Seventh-day Adventist Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Salvation Army and Jehovah's Witnesses.
The World of Null-A, sometimes written The World of Ā, is a 1948 science fiction novel by Canadian American writer A. E. van Vogt.
The 1970 revision also included a new introduction in which van Vogt defended the controversial work, but also admitted that the original serial had been flawed.
In his author's introduction to the 1970 revised edition, van Vogt acknowledges that he has taken Knight's criticisms seriously, thus the reason for his revising the novel so many years after its original publication.
Note that the cow is able to jump over the Moon with ease because the Man in the Moon has temporarily brought it down to Earth.
By imagining a text that might reasonably have left the surviving rhyme, one can deduce clues that might have left other artifacts in surviving literature.
According to screenwriter Philippa Boyens, the song could either have been made up by Bilbo and taught to Bofur, or the other way around.
A blind spot in a vehicle is an area around the vehicle that cannot be directly observed by the driver while at the controls, under existing circumstances.
In transport, driver visibility is the maximum distance at which the driver of a vehicle can see and identify prominent objects around the vehicle.
Blind spots may occur in the front of the driver when the A-pillar (also called the windshield pillar), side-view mirror, or interior rear-view mirror block a driver's view of the road.
If the side view mirrors of a car are adjusted in a particular way, there is no blind spot on the sides.
Calculated elimination of blind spots by properly trained drivers is inexpensive and obviates the need for costly technological solutions to that problem, provided drivers take the time to set up and use their mirrors effectively.
The arrangementpointing the side-view mirrors substantially outboard in a fixed mechanical formulais relatively simple to achieve, but it takes some knowledgeable effort and getting used to.
The area directly behind vehicles is the source of back-up collisions, particularly involving pedestrians, children, and objects directly aft of a vehicle.
These problems are the object of a number of technological solutions, including (in rough order of technological complexity, simplest first): rear-view mirror, side-view mirror, fresnel lens, sonar, parking sensors, and backup camera.
A similar problem attaches to positions left and right of a vehicles' rear bumper as the driver attempts to back out of a parking space.
As one is driving an automobile, blind spots are the areas of the road that cannot be seen while looking forward or through either the rear-view or side mirrors (expecting that the side mirrors are properly adjusted on a passenger auto see above).
Vehicles in the adjacent lanes of the road that fall into these blind spots may not be visible using only the car's mirrors.
Other areas that are sometimes called blind spots are those that are too low to see behind, in front, or to the sides of a vehicle, especially those with a high seating point.
The front-end blind spots caused by this can create problems in traffic situations, such as in roundabouts, intersections, and road crossings.
The sides of a panoramic windshield are curved, which makes it possible to design vertical A-pillars that give the driver maximum forward visibility.
However, it is impossible to design an aerodynamic small car with a vertical A-pillar because the more vertical the A-pillar is, the less space the door opening has, and the greater frontal area and coefficient of drag the vehicle will have.
For example, the Pontiac Firebird and Chevrolet Camaro from 1993 to 2002 had a windshield angle of 68° with the vertical, which equals just 22° with the horizon.
A flatter A-pillar's advantages include reducing the overall drag coefficient and making the car body stronger in a frontal collision, at the expense of reducing driver visibility in a 180° field of view from left to right.
An A-pillar that is split up and has a small triangle window (Front Quarter glass) can give a short driver visibility problems.
A driver may reduce the size of a blind spot or eliminate it completely by turning their head in the direction of the obstruction.
Because there is no roof connection between the A- and B-pillars, the A-pillars of a convertible automobile have to be stronger and even thicker.
These include safety, as narrower pillars cannot be made strong as easily as thicker pillars, and size restraints pertaining to aerodynamics, as taller, more vertical windshields create additional drag and reduce fuel efficiency.
This system was first introduced in the Volvo S80 sedan and produced a visible alert when a car entered the blind spot while a driver was switching lanes, using two door mounted lenses to check the blind spot area for an impending collision.
On Ford products, the system was first introduced in the spring of 2009 on the 2010 Ford Fusion and Fusion Hybrid, 2010 Mercury Milan and Milan Hybrid and 2010 Lincoln MKZ and Mazda 6.
Some newer and more costly systems use side radar offering better performance and also warn of fast approaching vehicles entering the blind spot.
Blind spots exist where areas behind the sail are obscured from the view of a helmsman on a sailboat or windsurfer.
Julian Alden Weir (August 30, 1852 – December 8, 1919) was an American impressionist painter and member of the Cos Cob Art Colony near Greenwich, Connecticut.
Weir was born on August 30, 1852, the second to last of sixteen children, and raised in West Point, New York.
His father was painter Robert Walter Weir, a professor of drawing at the Military Academy at West Point who taught such artists as James Abbott McNeill Whistler.
His older brother, John Ferguson Weir, also became a well-known landscape artist who painted in the styles of the Hudson River and Barbizon schools.
He was professor of painting and design at Yale University from 1869, starting the first academic art program on an American campus.
Julian Weir received his first art training at the National Academy of Design in the early 1870s before enrolling at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1873.
As a conservative academic painter at this stage in his career, Weir was esteemed by his European peers during his training years.
Upon his return to NYC, Weir became a charter member of the Society of American Artists and continued exhibiting his work at the National Academy of Design, where he first displayed his paintings in 1875.
He earned wages through portrait commissions and teaching art classes at the Cooper Union Women's Art School, the Art Students League and in private classes.
His works as a young artist centered on still life and the human figure, which he rendered in a realist style not unlike the work of Édouard Manet.
In the 1880s Weir moved to rural Wilton, Connecticut after having acquired farm property, now the Weir Farm National Historic Site, through his marriage to Anna Baker in 1883.
Weir was also close friends with the still life and landscape painter Emil Carlsen who summered with Weir on his farm, before purchasing his own home in Falls Village, Connecticut.
This new site was now his rightful property, but it was not the first time he had ever seen the Windham farm.
Weir gained further notoriety and in 1893, the American Art Association grouped his works together with those by Twachtman for a comparative exhibit with pieces done by Claude Monet and Paul Besnard.
During the remainder of his life Weir painted impressionist landscapes and figurative works, many of which centered on his Connecticut farms at Branchville and Windham.
As a rule, his paintings done after 1900 showed a renewed interest of the academicism prevalent in the work of his younger days, with subjects treated less realistically and a greater emphasis placed on drawing and design.
In 1897, Weir became a member of the Ten American Painters, generally known as The Ten, a group of painters who left the Society of American Artists in late 1897 to protest what they saw as the overemphasis on Classical and Romantic Realism over Impressionism by the Society.
The Ten exhibited for twenty years until its demise, due to the death of members and the prominence of newer styles.
In 1912 Weir was selected the first president of the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, but resigned a year later following the association's sponsorship of the modernist Armory Show.
It is a technical masterpiece, displaying a truss bridge that spanned the Shetucket River down the street from Weir's Windham farm.
He used complementary colors to unite the image with equal tonal quality and to depict the realistic reflection of the bridge seen on the water.
While there is pictorial unity in the piece, Weir contrasted the bridge and its surrounding setting by placing the red bridge against the greens of woods and the blues of water and sky and by juxtaposing the geometric man-made bridge with the natural sinuous curves of the trunks and branches.
Today Weir's paintings are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.; the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D. C.; Brigham Young University's Museum of Art, Provo, Utah; the Portland Art Museum in Portland, Oregon; and the Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut.
Weir's farm and studio at Branchville are protected as the Weir Farm National Historic Site; the Weir family continues ownership of the Windham farm.
It began on 7 July 1944, as part of a Polish national uprising, Operation Tempest, and lasted until 14 July 1944.
Though the Germans were defeated, the following day the Soviet Red Army entered the city and the Soviet NKVD interned Polish soldiers and arrested their officers.
Several days later, the remains of the Polish Home Army retreated into the forests, and the Soviets were in control of the city.
From the Polish point of view, while the German defeat constituted a Polish tactical victory, the ensuing destruction of the Polish units by the Soviets resulted in a strategic defeat, especially considering the goals of Operation Tempest.
From the Soviet point of view, the operation was a complete success, as both the Germans and the Poles loyal to the London government suffered a defeat.
The main reason for the operation was for propaganda purposes – to claim full rights to Vilnius by retaking it before the Soviet Army arrived to reinforce the Polish Army.
Operation 'Ostra Brama' was meant to be carried out during an expected state of confusion among German units in Vilnius (Wilno), who would be in fear of the impending arrival of overwhelming Soviet forces.
Since the Polish command did not anticipate successfully taking the city with Kraków Army forces alone, as the Germans held strong positions in the fortified city, the plan for capturing Vilnius resembled plans for the Warsaw Uprising.
The Polish and Soviet armies would take enemy outposts around the city, expecting the Germans to quickly retreat in the face of overwhelming forces.
On 12 June 1944 General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, Commander-in-Chief of the Home Army, issued an order to prepare a plan of liberating Vilnius from German hands.
'Ostra Brama order number 1' comprised an overall outline for an assault on Vilnius, where the Home Army forces of the combined districts Vilnius and Navahrudak would strike from the outside under the lead of lieutenant colonel Poleszczuk.
When the second Red Army crossed the front, equivalent to where it was in 1916 (between Soly and Smarhon’), the uprising would begin.
On 7 July, at dawn (one day earlier than it had been originally scheduled) Wilk made the decision to launch operations early as the Soviet Army was already approaching the city.
As a result of this change, only one of the three designated battalions managed to get in position (the line between the cemetery at Rosa and Bielmont was designated as the line of attack) when the battle began.
In spite of the incomplete mobilization, around 4,000 Polish soldiers, supported by two anti-tank guns and a few mortars attacked Germans' lines.
The Polish Army had to fight against German forces (who were heavily armored, several times stronger and well protected) which had tanks, anti-tanks, strong artillery and air cover provided from a nearby airfield in Porubanek at their disposal.
After bitter fighting, the 3rd and 5th Battalions from Combat Group 1 captured Góry and neutralized an armored train in the vicinity of Kolonia Wileńska, but they could not proceed under heavy fire.
The 1st and 6th battalions reached the first line of fortifications on the boundary of the village of Lipówka and crossed the Vilnius-Pabradė railroad tracks.
They were soon repulsed to their initial positions by a German counterattack, which pinned down the 9th Brigade at blockhouses in Hrybiszek.
After crossing Wileńka, they reached Zarzecze and Trakt Batorego, remaining in their positions until 8 July before taking up the offensive again, joining the approaching Soviet units.
The main forces arrived on 8 July, amounting to 100,000 soldiers in total with the aid of few hundred tanks and air support.
A fierce fight that unleashed on the streets between the Nazis and the combined forces of the Red Army and the Home Army lasted for a few days.
The balance of assault titled in favor of Polish troops when German soldiers defending communication bunker surrendered it to the Polish.
The units in the center of city did not follow the way of other companies, as their failed to seize strategic points in the 'Sródmieście' (city center) of Vilnius.
The Germans fought house-to-house until they eventually arrived at the conclusion that their position had weakened so badly that they no longer can hold the city.
As a result, 3,000 soldiers under Generalleutnant Reiner Stahel evaded the besiegers under the cover of darkness overnight on 13 July.
The Polish commander, Colonel Krzyżanowski (Wilk) ordered Polish units to set off for the Puszcza Rudnicka, while he set off for the headquarters of General Czerniachowski, commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front.
However, this time, the Soviets arrested Krzyżanowski and his Chief of Staff, Major Teodor Cetys, as well as other Polish representatives at the same time in Bogusze.
The replacement commander of the Vilnius district, Lieutenant Colonel Zygmunt Izydor Blumski, and commander of the Navahrudak district, Lieutenant Colonel Janusz Prawdzic Szlaski, moved their units into the Forest of Rudnicka under constant fire from Soviet aircraft.
Those Polish Army that successfully reached the forests were commanded to make their way to Grodno, Białystok, or to disperse into the local terrain.
A few decided to join the 1st Polish Army under General Zygmunt Berling, while the majority were forcibly enlisted into the Soviet Red Army.
There, they became part of the prisoner slave labor system, widespread in the Soviet Union at the end of the war, until their general release in 1947.
Stripped of their officers and confused, by 18 July, roughly 6,000 soldiers and over 5,000 volunteers had withdrawn to the forests around Vilnius.
The wartime allies of the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States, were not interested in revealing any news that would contradict with the general impression that the Soviet Union was a liberator of Europe from Nazi evil.
Poland had already lost its eastern territories to Stalin at the Tehran Conference, but none of the Polish soldiers fighting in the Battle of Vilnius knew about it.
Karl Ludwig Johannes Baedeker ( , ; 3 November 1801 – 4 October 1859) was a German publisher whose company, Baedeker, set the standard for authoritative guidebooks for tourists.
He was the eldest of ten children of Gottschalk Diederich Bädeker (1778–1841), who had inherited the publishing house founded by his own father, Zacharias Gerhard Bädeker (1750–1800).
After his schooling in Hagen, he left home in 1817 to study humanities in Heidelberg where he also worked for a while at the leading local bookseller J.C.B.
Military service followed, after which he moved to Berlin where he worked as an assistant at Georg Andreas Reimer, one of the leading booksellers in the city, from 1823 to 1825.
He then returned home to Essen and worked with his father until 1827 when he left for Coblence (now Koblenz) to start his own bookselling and publishing business.
Essen was then a small town with about 4000 inhabitants and he felt that Koblenz, which was not only larger, but was also the capital of the Prussian province of the Rhine and a hub for tourism, had far more to offer.
After Klein died and the book went out of print, he decided to publish a new edition, incorporating some of Klein's material but also added many of his own ideas into what he thought a travel guide should offer the traveller or reader.
Baedeker's ultimate aim was to free the traveller from having to look for information anywhere outside the travel guide: about routes, transport, accommodation, restaurants, tipping, sights, walks and, of course, prices.
While the travel guide was not something new (Baedeker emulated the style of English guide books published by John Murray), the inclusion of detailed information on routes, travel and accommodation was an innovation.
Baedeker was always generous in acknowledging the part John Murray III had played in nurturing his outlook on the future development of his guides.
As a bookseller in Koblenz, he had often seen tourists enter his bookshop, either carrying a red Murray guide or looking for one.
Baedeker's early guides had tan covers, but from 1856 onwards, Murray's red bindings and gilt lettering became the familiar hallmark of all Baedeker guides as well, and the content became famous for its clarity, detail and accuracy.
To this end, he engaged the services of Eduard Wagner of Darmstadt, a specialist in cartography, and the maps he produced for Baedeker were way ahead of the times.
An accurate cartography of Tripoli and El-Mina in 1906 under the Ottoman Empire can be found in french in the book edited by Leipzig and entitled Palestine et Syrie.
de Genlis and others, acknowledged on the title pages, which were in both English and German, unusual then, but he was an astute businessman and primarily a bookseller at the time.
German title page gave the name of the publisher as K. BAEDEKER, the English page gave this uniquely as CHARLES BAEDEKER.
Tourists in the area, and particularly those from England on their way to Switzerland, would pass through Koblenz and buy it at his bookshop.
The inclusion of Dutch material in the first edition, also unusual at the time and emphasised on the title pages in both languages, further increased its sales, as his brother Adolph, who had opened a bookshop of his own in Rotterdam that year, sold it in Holland and also managed its sales in England.
However, very few copies of the first edition have survived, which has made it one of the rarest and most sought-after Baedeker publications of all time.
Other handbooks of a similar description may claim to be more voluminous; the editor, however, believes this to be a doubtful advantage.
The rear endpages listed the main European exchange rates current at the time of publication, as well as the denomination of the major gold and silver coins across the continent including Scandinavia and Russia - another Baedeker innovation.
According to Hinrichsen's revised list, which starts with the D000 edition, the number of Baedekers he listed, in German, English and French, was just eight short of 1000 i.e.
Hinrichsen's referencing is akin to that of Ludwig Ritter von Köchel's index of Mozart's works, in as much as Baedeker guides are also referred to by their Hinrichsen number à la Köchel/Mozart.
Books and articles about the rise of the House of Baedeker invariably recount anecdotes about its founder and these are not without substance.
He was renowned for his hard and careful work, his high standards, both personal and professional, and for being absolutely incorruptible.
Its author, Herbert Warren Wind, had spent a considerable amount of time at the contemporary Baedeker publishers in Germany, researching the history of the firm.
Towards the end of his life, Baedeker told friends that he regretted not having accomplished more in his life and wondered whether his work would survive.
Little did he know that the name Baedeker would one day become a synonym for a travel guide, whatever its provenance, and that Verlag Karl Baedeker, which still exists and continues to bear his name, would, in its heyday which lay ahead, become the premier and most successful travel guide publishing house in the world.
Its final flight was the first and only successful orbital launch to be conducted by the United Kingdom, and placed the Prospero satellite into low Earth orbit.
Black Arrow originated from studies by the Royal Aircraft Establishment for carrier rockets based on the Black Knight rocket, with the project being authorised in 1964.
Black Arrow was a three-stage rocket, fuelled by RP-1 paraffin (kerosene) and high test peroxide, a concentrated form of hydrogen peroxide (85% hydrogen peroxide + 15% water).
It was retired after only four launches in favour of using American Scout rockets, which the Ministry of Defence calculated to be cheaper than maintaining the Black Arrow programme.
Black Arrow originated from a Royal Aircraft Establishment proposal for a rocket capable of placing a payload into low Earth orbit, in order to test systems designed for larger spacecraft.
Following another election, the government approved the continuation of the programme with several modifications, including the reduction of the test programme from five to three launches.
Most of the technology and systems used on Black Arrow had already been developed or flight-proven on the Black Knight rocket, or the Blue Steel missile.
Black Arrow was designed to reuse as much technology from the earlier programmes as possible in order to reduce costs, and simplify the development process.
Many senior staff of the Black Knight programme transferred directly to Black Arrow, including the Chief Missile Scientist, Roy Dommett, the Chief Design Engineer, Ray Wheeler and the Deputy Chief Engineer, John Underwood.
Westland was subsequently the prime contractor for the Black Arrow, and assembled the first and second stages at East Cowes on the Isle of Wight.
The engines were test fired at the factory before being shipped to the Isle of Wight, where they were integrated into the rocket and the first stage engines were fired again at High Down.
Bristol Aerojet produced the third stage in Somerset, while the Explosives Research and Development Establishment produced its solid propellant in Waltham Abbey, Essex.
The first and second stages of the Black Arrow were fuelled by RP-1 paraffin (kerosene), burnt using high test peroxide as an oxidiser.
Due to the optimum mixture ratio being about 7, a larger oxidiser tank was required compared to many contemporary launch systems.
The oxidiser tanks were located below the fuel tanks, following the practice of putting the more dense propellant at bottom in order to lower the centre of gravity and make the rocket easier to control.
This arrangement had been pioneered by Germany and the United States, whereas the Soviet Union had placed oxidiser tanks above fuel tanks, making it easier for the lower tank to be filled first.
Two of the pairs were arranged perpendicular to the other two, and when all four pairs were used together, they provided roll, pitch and yaw control.
Coralie was used as the second stage of the Europa rocket, and the decision to give Black Arrow the same diameter as Coralie was taken in order to make it compatible with Blue Streak, which was used as the first stage of Europa.
This would have allowed Black Arrow's payload capacity to have been increased, and would also have allowed Britain to use the first stage of Black Arrow as a backup to the Coralie.
For this reason, all dimensions in the original specification were given in imperial units except the first stage diameter, which was given in metres.
The first and second stages were connected by an interstage structure containing four Siskin IB separation and ullage motors, which separated and ignited seven seconds after the first stage had cut off.
The second stage, which was long and measured in diameter, was powered by a two-chamber Gamma 2 engine which ignited shortly after the separation motors, and continued to burn for 123 seconds.
Towards the end of the coast period, the third stage was spun up to a rate of 3 hertz (180 rpm) by means of six Imp rockets.
Just over a minute after the third stage had burned out, the payload was released, and gas generators were used to push the spacecraft and spent upper stage apart.
The delay between burnout and separation was intended to reduce the risk of recontact between the upper stage and payload due to residual thrust.
Despite this, following spacecraft separation on the R3 launch, the upper stage collided with the Prospero satellite, damaging one of the spacecraft's communications antennae; however the spacecraft was still able to successfully complete its mission.
Another suggestion was to mount the entire rocket atop a Blue Streak missile, while a third proposal involved replacing the Gamma engines with the more powerful Larch.
After the first stage engine failed, and the rocket began to fall back to earth, it was destroyed by range safety.
The first all-up launch on 2 September 1970 was the third launch of the Black Arrow, and Britain's first attempt to launch a satellite.
The launch failed due to a leak in the second stage oxidiser pressurisation system, which caused it to cut out early.
The fourth launch successfully orbited the Prospero (before the R2 mission, it was named Puck) satellite, making the United Kingdom the sixth nation to place a satellite into orbit by means of an indigenously developed carrier rocket.
The name was chosen as a reference to events in the play, in which Prospero, a sorcerer, gives up his powers.
All four launches were conducted from Launch Area 5B at the Woomera Prohibited Area in Australia, which had previously been used as a test site for the Black Knight rocket.
The launch sites at Uist and Norfolk were rejected because the former was too remote, while there was a risk that a rocket launched from the latter might drop spent stages on an oil rig in the North Sea.
The Minister of State for Trade and Industry, Frederick Corfield, announced the cancellation of the Black Arrow project in the House of Commons on 29 July 1971.
As the R3 rocket had already been shipped to the launch site, the second stage having arrived three days earlier, permission was given for it to be launched.
The programme was cancelled on economic grounds, as the Ministry of Defence decided that it would be cheaper to use the American Scout rocket, which had a similar payload capacity, for future launches.
Prior to the cancellation of Black Arrow, NASA had offered to launch British payloads for free; however, this offer was withdrawn following the decision to cancel Black Arrow.
In addition, the remains of the first stage of Black Arrow R3 were recovered from the Anna Creek cattle station and were displayed in the William Creek Memorial Park.
They have now been returned to the United Kingdom, and are due to be displayed in Penicuik, Scotland, by the end of March 2019.
The launch facilities at Woomera were demolished within a year of the final flight, and half of the engineers who had worked on the programme were laid off.
The X-4 satellite, which had been manifested for launch by Black Arrow R4, was eventually launched on 9 March 1974, by an American Scout D-1 rocket flying from Space Launch Complex 5 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
As of 2018, the United Kingdom is the only country to have successfully developed and then abandoned a satellite launch capability.
All other countries that have developed such a capability have retained it either through their own space programme or, in the case of France, through its involvement in the Ariane programme.
It is within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Area and its elevated surroundings are the southern foothills of the Pennines.
Although it has been suggested that, once farming began, they would have inhabited the plains of the Derwent and Ecclesbourne, they would most likely have retreated to higher ground during the winter floods.
It has been suggested that they built a fort to protect the ford across which the caravans of lead from Wirksworth joined Rykneld Street at Derby, en route for the North Sea ports, though this is disputed.
In Norman times, Duffield Castle was built to protect the hunting grounds of Duffield Frith, awarded to Henry de Ferrers (or de Ferrars) by William I.
Most of this became the ancient parish of Duffield, which contained the townships of Hazlewood, Holbrook, Makeney, Milford, Shottle, and Windley, and the chapelries of Belper, Heage, and Turnditch.
Its position, so far from the village, it is thought, arose from its purpose, in Anglo-Saxon times, of serving travellers crossing the river on their way from Ashbourne to Nottingham.
Duffield Bridge was built across the river, next to the present Bridge Inn, in the thirteenth century and widened in the eighteenth.
This later became the main road to the north and, in the eighteenth century the road along Duffield Bank was improved, as the 'New Chesterfield Turnpike'.
Following the rebellion by Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby his lands became part of the Duchy of Lancaster until the reign of Charles I.
One other near Duffield was Champain Park to the South West, in the area of what is now Champion Farm on Cumberhills.
In the forest there had been plentiful game, and a supply of timber, particularly oak, while the farmland was exceedingly fertile, though prone to flooding.
Even with the controls on the rivers with the various weirs and dams in the eighteenth century, the centre of the village was subject to regular floods until the middle of the twentieth century.
A notable resident in the sixteenth century was Anthony Bradshaw who erected a monument in the Church to himself and his large family.
Sir Roger Mynor was High Sheriff in 1514, Sergeant of the King's Cellar, an official of Duffield Frith under the Duchy of Lancaster and a Commissioner of Peace for the County of Derby.
The first school in Duffield was Duffield Boys' Endowed School, now known as the William Gilbert School, originally in the centre of the village next to the Ecclesbourne.
It is thought that these were what attracted the de Ferrars family to the area, and there are frequent references to iron-working in historical records, with a forge near to the present Baptist Chapel.
By the nineteenth century, the major occupation in the village itself, was framework knitting, encouraged by Jedediah Strutt's famous 'Derby Rib', while a paper mill opened at Peckwash.
The biggest change came with the coming of the North Midland Railway which passed through from 1840, with the opening of Duffield railway station.
North of the village the main road had been previously realigned on the west side of the cottages known as Castle Orchard, with a slice out of the castle mound, leading to a new road north called New Mills Road.
The railway northwards followed the alignment of the old road, passing under the new one with a magnificent stone built skew arch bridge.
A permanent station was opened in 1841 in its present position, as the village expanded with homes for the Midland Railway workers and management, the former settling in the village around the end of King Street, the managers in larger houses further along the main road and further up King Street and Hazlewood Road.
When the new station was extended with the Wirksworth branch, it created a good deal more upheaval, since the line cut across the road north out of the village.
Around this time a new boys' school was built in Vicarage Lane, with a girls' school lower down King Street, with the Infants' School opposite.
Less well-remembered, though revered by narrow, 'minimum gauge', railway enthusiasts, was the Duffield Bank Railway, built by Sir Arthur Heywood at his house to the east of the village.
The coming of Rolls-Royce in the 1910s brought further expansion, with even bigger houses up Hazlewood Road, and council-provided housing along Holloway Road.
Clearly they were a speculative middle-class project, but in 1910 they were isolated among fields half a mile from the village – hardly attractive, one would have thought, to prospective purchasers.
Near the church was the White Lion and nearby on the main road at the south, there was the Noah's Ark, a coaching inn.
Still in existence is the White Hart, which is not the original building, and a little further up, was the Nag's Head.
When the Commissioners appointed by Parliament to divide up the common and waste lands of Duffield Parish sat in 1787, they held their meetings at the King's Head.
At the top of Crown Street used to be the Crown Inn, and still existing up Hazlewood Road is the New Inn, although this is now been converted to a private dwelling.
In the days before Hazelwood had its own cemetery, it is said that funeral parties would stop for refreshment before completing their journey to the church, and would leave the coffin resting on that wall.
The Patten Makers' Arms is in Crown Street, named after the pattens which were a type of clog that people made there.
In 1957 The Ecclesbourne School was founded, when George Wimpey, the building developer, built new estates, raising the population to around 5000.
The intention was for the latter to meet the Wirksworth Road at Cumberhills Road, but where it crossed New Zealand Lane, the landowner refused to sell and it was several years before there was a through right of way.The attraction of the village for housebuyers centres on the successful secondary school, Ecclesbourne.
Now Mrs Underhill is planning to build houses in the field behind Meadows school, to pay for a renovation of Ecclesbourne Secondary School, including new sports facilities.
Operation Halo was the Canadian Forces contribution of 500 personnel and 6 CH-146 Griffon helicopters to Haiti in March 2004 as part of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti to assist in stabilizing the country following February's 2004 Haitian coup d'état.
Though originally mandated for a total of 90 days, the operation was extended at the request of the United Nations until July 2004 and the Canadian forces returned home in August.
The task force was composed of the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment from CFB Gagetown, the Canadian Forces Joint Operations Group from CFB Kingston, and 430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron from CFB Valcartier.
Divisions between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants played a major role in the history of Ireland from the 16th to the 20th century, especially the Home Rule Crisis and the Troubles.
For example, while the majority of Irish Catholics saw themselves as having an identity independent of Britain and were excluded from power, a number of the instigators in rebellions against British rule were in fact Protestant Irish nationalists, although most Irish Protestants opposed separatism.
In the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Catholics and Presbyterians, who were not part of the established Church of Ireland, found common cause.
In the United States, hostility and violence towards Irish Catholics was expressed by the Know Nothing movement of the 1850s and other 19th century anti-Catholic, anti-Irish groups.
By the 20th century, Irish Catholics were well established in the United States and are now part of mainstream American society.
656 (Saturday, 30 June 1883) and ending in the issue for Saturday, 20 October 1883—Stevenson had finished writing it by the end of summer.
Outlaws in Tunstall Forest organised by Ellis Duckworth, whose weapon and calling card is a black arrow, cause Dick to suspect that his guardian Sir Daniel Brackley and his retainers are responsible for his father's murder.
Dick's suspicions are enough to turn Sir Daniel against him, so he has no recourse but to escape from Sir Daniel and join the outlaws of the Black Arrow against him.
The rhyme posted in explanation of this attack, makes the protagonist Richard ('Dick') Shelton, ward of Sir Daniel, curious about the death of his father Sir Harry Shelton.
Having been dispatched to Kettley, where Sir Daniel was quartered, and sent to Tunstall Moat House by return dispatch, he falls in with a fugitive, Joanna Sedley, disguised as a boy with the alias of John Matcham: an heiress kidnapped by Sir Daniel to obtain guardianship over her and to retain his control over Richard by marrying her to him.
As they travel through Tunstall Forest, Joanna tries to persuade Dick to turn against Sir Daniel in sympathy with the Black Arrow outlaws, whose camp they discover near the ruins of Grimstone manor.
The next day they are met in the forest by Sir Daniel himself, disguised as a leper and returning to the Moat House after his side was defeated at Risingham.
The second half of the novel, Books 3–5, tells how Dick rescues Joanna from Sir Daniel with the help of both the Black Arrow fellowship and the Yorkist army led by Richard Crookback, the future Richard III of England.
Robert Louis Stevenson inserts seafaring adventure in chapters 4–6 of Book 3, wherein Dick and the outlaws steal a ship and attempt a seaside rescue of Joanna.
They are unsuccessful, and after Joanna is moved to Sir Daniel's main quarters in Shoreby, Dick visits her in the guise of a Franciscan friar.
Stevenson, the populariser of the tales of the Arabian nights, has Dick tell the tale of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves in Book 4, chapter 6 to help him escape from the ruined sea captain Arblaster, whose ship Dick and the outlaws had stolen.
After a skirmish in which the outlaws prevail, Dick finds that he has conquered Joanna's lawful guardian, Lord Foxham, who promises to give Joanna to Dick in marriage after a contemplated seaside rescue.
There is irony in Foxham scolding Dick, who is nobly born, for consorting with outlaws when the outlaws are recruited in Dick and Foxham's plans to rescue Joanna.
Wounded in the failed seaside rescue, Foxham writes letters of recommendation for Dick to Richard Crookback, whom Dick must find on the outskirts of Shoreby.
As Dick is leaving Shoreby he sees Crookback holding his own against seven or eight Lancastrian assailants, and assists his victory.
Dick's accurate knowledge of the Lancastrian forces in Shoreby aid Crookback in winning the battle that he wages later that day.
Crookback knights Dick on the field of battle and, following their victory, gives him fifty horsemen to pursue Sir Daniel, who has escaped Shoreby with Joanna.
In the early morning of his wedding day Dick encounters a fugitive Sir Daniel trying to enter Holywood seaport to escape to France or Burgundy.
Because it is his wedding day, Dick does not want to soil his hands with Sir Daniel's blood, so he simply bars his way by challenging him either to hand-to-hand combat or alerting a Yorkist perimeter patrol.
Thereafter Sir Richard and Lady Shelton live in Tunstall Moat House untroubled by the rest of the Wars of the Roses.
From the information given in the novel two time references for the two blocks of action that constitute the narrative can be pinpointed: May 1460 and January 1461.
This characterisation closely follows the Tudor myth, a tradition that overly vilified Richard of Gloucester and cast the entire English Fifteenth century as a bloody, barbaric chaos in contrast to the Tudor era of law and order.
The Battle of Shoreby, a fictitious battle that is the main event of Book 5, is modelled after the First Battle of St Albans in the Wars of the Roses.
The presence of an abbey church in Shoreby is reminiscent of the abbey church of Tewkesbury to which the Lancastrians fled for sanctuary after the battle on 4 May 1471.
The similarity of place-names near this Tunstall, Suffolk to place-names in the novel also suggest that this is Stevenson's Tunstall: Kettley, Risingham and Foxham are probably Kettleburgh, Framlingham and Farnham in actuality.
The name of the main character Richard Shelton and his inheritance, Tunstall, were the name and title of an actual historical personage, Sir Richard Tunstall.
He, as a Lancastrian and ardent supporter of King Henry VI of England, held Harlech Castle against the Yorkists from 1465 to 1468 during the first part of Edward IV's reign.
The book cover depicts two fifteenth century warriors battling with red and white roses for the two houses of Lancaster and York respectively.
It can be noted that the white rose of the cover is larger than the red rose denoting the ascendancy of the House of York at the conclusion of the narrative.
Below is a list of Members of the Order of Merit from the order's creation in 1902 until the present day.
The number shown is the individual's place in the wider order of appointment since the Order of Merit's inception; the blue colour denotes honorary members and the orange colour denotes current members.
The policy adopted by the Royal Navy during the 1950s of acquiring separate types of frigates designed for specialised roles (i.e.
Although the designs themselves had proved successful, the lack of standardisation between the different classes led to increased costs during construction and also in maintenance once the ships became operational.
The first move towards creating a truly general purpose frigate came with the Type 81 Tribal class which was initially ordered in 1956.
The 24 knot speed of the Tribals was considered the maximum possible for tracking submarines with the new medium range sonars, entering service.
The type 81 gas turbine saw the frigates underway quickly, without taking hours flashing up steam turbines, and the provision of a helicopter for long range attack were considered essential in the nuclear age.
These ships were mainly intended to operate in the tropics, but lacked the speed and armament required, for the priority fleet carrier escort role, East of Suez, where fast radar picket capability was important, as much as anti submarine capability, so the new frigates, would combine the roles of the T12 and T61.
A hangar and flight deck were provided aft for the Westland Wasp light anti-submarine helicopter, which was still at the prototype stage when the first ships were ordered.
The superheat temperature of the Y160 was controlled manually by the boiler room petty officer of the watch between and the steam supplied to the main turbines was at a pressure of .
The entire class were designed for a standard weapons fit when built, with a twin 4.5-inch Mark 6 gun mount, GWS-22 Seacat missile system and Limbo anti-submarine mortar, though the first seven entered service fitted with two single 40 mm Bofors guns on the hangar roof instead of Seacat, with the SAM system fitted later.
This conversion gave them Exocet anti-shipping missiles in place of the 4.5in gun mount, 2 additional Seacat systems, and the ability to operate the Lynx helicopter.
The flight deck was extended by plating over the mortar well; the STWS 1 torpedo system and two 20 mm guns were installed.
The ships performed excellently in Royal Navy service, with relatively low noise levels giving the 2031(I) towed sonar mounted during the 1970s a range of more than 100 miles, better than that of the more advanced 2031(Z) sonar when fitted in the Type 22 class.
In 2006 it was announced that the ship was to be sunk as a dive attraction in the Bay of Islands, and this was carried out on 3 November 2007 at Deep Water Cove.
Amongst the roster of Volition artists were Severed Heads, Boxcar, Itch-E and Scratch-E, Single Gun Theory, FSOM, Southend, Vision Four 5, Sexing The Cherry and Robert Racic.
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.
There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.
He went to the University of Leipzig in 1757 and took courses in medicine, philosophy, Latin, Greek, physics, mathematics, and aesthetics.
In the book, he mechanically realizes, independent of the work done by Felkel, the sieve of Eratosthenes, which he then proceeds with rules to both optimize and organize.
The book also contained results in linear diophantine analysis, decimal periods, combinations, and gave combinatorial significance to the digits of numbers written in decimal notation.
He worked on a generalization of the binomial theorem and was a major influence in Gudermann's work on the expansion of functions into power series.
Between 1780 and 1800, he was involved at different times with the publishing of four different journals all relating to mathematics and its applications.
Two of the journals, the Leipziger Magazin für reine und angewandte Mathematik (1786–1789) and the Archiv für reine und angewandte Mathematik (1795–1799), published Johann Heinrich Lambert's Nachlass as edited by Johann Bernoulli.
Two gods, Fate and the Lady, oppose each other in a game over the outcome of the struggle for the throne of the Agatean Empire on the Counterweight Continent.
They offer him the right to call himself a Wizard, which he never actually earned, if he will let them send him to Agatea; he agrees.
Teleportation requires an exchange of mass, and they end up exchanging him with a very heavy live cannon (which they extinguish upon its arrival); this results in Rincewind arriving in Agatea at a very high speed, but he lands safely in a snowbank.
As is typical for Rincewind, his dedicated efforts to run from any kind of danger quickly embroil him in momentous events, and coincidence makes it appear on several occasions that Rincewind is responsible for significant feats of magic.
But when Hong murders the Emperor with the intention of framing the Red Army, it inadvertently creates the opportunity needed by the Silver Horde, who have infiltrated the palace.
Cohen and Ronald Saveloy, a member of the Horde who is a retired schoolteacher, had hoped to conquer the Empire by simply installing Cohen as Emperor, since almost nobody has ever seen the Emperor's face.
But Lord Hong leads four other lords who had been vying against him for the throne to rally their armies against the Horde, to the chagrin of Saveloy who had been trying to civilize the barbarians.
As the battle begins, Rincewind flees and inadvertently discovers the actual Red Army, a multitude of terra cotta warriors that can be controlled by magical armor that he accidentally dons.
However, Rincewind inadvertently wanders into a terracotta ditch and sinks up to his thighs, but realises that the magic boots are weighing him down, and frees himself with Twoflower's help.
Once Cohen realizes that he is now recognized as the Emperor, he prepares proclamations to relax the regime's oppression of the people.
He invites Rincewind to serve as Chief Wizard and found his own university, which convinces Rincewind that something horrible is about to happen.
The cannon, re-lit by the faculty, then arrives and kills both Hong and Saveloy; Saveloy, despite never having managed to be a barbarian in life, decides to go to the warrior's afterlife.
And she interfered in Hex's calculations so that Rincewind is teleported to the unexplored continent of XXXX where he lands safely, while a XXXXian kangaroo (instead of Rincewind) suffers a fatal collision with a wall at Unseen University.
It was designed to undertake a series of experiments to study the effects of space environment on communications satellites and remained operational until 1973, after which it was contacted annually for over 25 years.
Initially called Puck, it was designed to conduct experiments to test the technologies necessary for communication satellites, such as solar cells, telemetry and power systems.
When the Ministry of Defence cancelled the Black Arrow programme, the development team decided to continue with the project, but renamed the satellite Prospero when it was announced it would be the last launch attempt using a British rocket.
An earlier Black Arrow launch, carrying the Orba X-2 satellite, had failed to achieve orbit after a premature second-stage shut down.
Prospero had officially been deactivated in 1996, when the UK's Defence Research Establishment decommissioned their satellite tracking station at Lasham, Hampshire, but the satellite had been turned on in past years on its anniversary.
It is in a low Earth orbit, and is not expected to decay until about 2070, almost 100 years after its launch.
In September 2011 a team at University College London's Mullard Space Science Laboratory announced plans to re-establish communications with Prospero, in time for the satellite's 40th anniversary.
Edward Walter Gillespie (born August 1, 1961) is an American politician, strategist, and lobbyist who served as the 61st Chair of the Republican National Committee from 2003 to 2005 and was Counselor to the President from 2007 to 2009 during the Presidency of George W. Bush.
After winning the Republican primary, he was defeated in the general election by Democratic nominee Ralph Northam; Gillespie received 1.17 million votes (45%) to Northam's 1.40 million (54%) in the election.
He is the son of Conny (Carroll) and Sean (later John) Patrick Gillespie, an immigrant from Ireland who grew up in North Philadelphia.
One of his co-workers there was an intern for Representative Andy Ireland of Florida, and through him, Gillepsie got the same job after he graduated from college.
Gillespie, raised in a Democratic family, began his political career as intern for Andy Ireland, at the time a Democrat from Florida.
In 1999, Gillespie worked as the Press Secretary for the Presidential campaign of John Kasich until his withdrawal from the race and endorsement of George W. Bush.
In 2000, Gillespie served as senior communications advisor for the presidential campaign of Bush, organizing the party convention program in Philadelphia for Bush's nomination and Bush's inauguration ceremony.
In 1997, Gillespie joined the lobbying firm Barbour, Griffith & Rogers, and advised Senate Republicans during the impeachment of Bill Clinton.
In 2000, Gillespie founded the lobbying firm Quinn Gillespie & Associates with Jack Quinn, and within a year had an income of $8.5 million and was 11th on Fortune's list of the most powerful lobbying firms in the US.
One of the firm's clients was Enron, which paid it $1,225,000, including $700,000 to lobby the Department of Energy and the Executive Office of the President to resist efforts to re-regulate the western electricity market during the California Electricity Crisis.
The firm lobbied on behalf of AT&T, Bank of America, and Microsoft in the years 2001-2007, earning more than $3.2 million.
The firm pitched to potential clients that Gillespie, due to his involvement with the White House and association with individuals in power, could leverage those relationships to benefit clients.
In 2016, Gillespie lobbied on behalf of the health insurance company Anthem, as the nation's second-largest insurance firm tried to merge with third-largest insurance firm Cigna.
A federal judge blocked the mergers, citing insurance regulators who said the merger would raise costs and reduce competition in the health insurance market.
Gillespie's former clients Anthem, AT&T, Microsoft, and Bank of America have ongoing interests in the state of Virginia, and these corporations or their top executives have donated to the Gillespie 2017 campaign.
In 2003, Gillespie was selected as Chairman of the RNC, serving in that role through the 2004 elections that saw President Bush win re-election and Republicans retain control of the House and Senate.
In 2005 Bush appointed Gillespie to lead the process to nominate a successor to Sandra Day O'Connor on the Supreme Court; that process led to the selection and confirmation of Samuel Alito.
In February 2009, Virginia Attorney General Bob McDonnell announced that Gillespie would serve as general chairman of his campaign for governor.
In late June 2007, President Bush brought Gillespie into the White House on a full-time basis, to replace the departing Counselor to the President Dan Bartlett with the mandate to help raise Bush's flagging popularity ratings.
In January 2010, Gillespie was announced in as the national chairman of the Republican State Leadership Committee (RSLC), which helps elect state attorneys general, lieutenant governors, secretaries of state and state house and senate candidates.
After Gillespie was announced chairman the RSLC is reported to have laundered $1.5 million from the Poarch Band of Creek Indians to Alabama Speaker Mike Hubbard and a group associated with Jack Abramoff.
Gillespie was not legally listed as the RSLC chairman until February 2011, when the organization filed updated documents with the IRS.
On June 7, 2014, he became the Republican nominee after receiving about 60% of the vote at the state party convention.
Although Warner had been consistently leading Gillespie by double-digit margins in polls before October, Gillespie nearly upset Warner on Election Day, losing by a margin of just 0.8% and 17,723 votes, with 37% turnout.
On June 13, 2017, Gillespie narrowly defeated his primary opponent Corey Stewart to win the Republican nomination for governor and was set to face incumbent Lieutenant Governor Ralph Northam, the Democratic nominee, in the November general election.
In the 2017 gubernatorial campaign up to June 2017, Gillespie ran as an establishment Republican and focused on economic issues rather social issues.
Morgan has made controversial statements, such as saying that the country is on the brink of civil war and that communists are behind efforts to remove confederate monuments.
The ad was pulled the following day in the hours after a terrorist attack in New York City, in which a man killed several people by running them over with a truck.
Northam then distanced himself from the ad, re-emphasizing that it was not released by his campaign and saying that it is not one that he would have chosen to run.
FOX 5 DC reported that the Northam campaign had accepted $62,000 as an in-kind media contribution from the Latino Victory Fund.
Gillespie said he would support a ban on late-term abortions after 20 weeks in Virginia, with exceptions for cases of rape, incest, or pregnancies that endanger the life of the mother.
In a September 2017 gubernatorial debate, Gillespie said that the statues were history and could be used to teach people about slavery in the South.
He said a better remedy would be to erect statues honoring people like Douglas Wilder, a former Virginia governor who was the nation's first African-American governor.
In a debate in 2014, Gillespie was asked by his opponent if he thought there was enough evidence to support climate change.
In his 2017 gubernatorial campaign, Gillespie pledged to push a ban on candidates using campaign funds for personal expenses, to require administration officials to wait at least two years before lobbying their prior office, and to require more frequent disclosures of potential conflicts of interest.
He also proposed prohibiting candidates from using funds raised for one campaign in a campaign for a different office; prohibiting fundraising during special legislative sessions; and live-streaming certain public cabinet meetings and all agency and board meetings.
In 2017, Gillespie said that he opposed Medicaid expansion and said that Virginia should create an interstate compact allowing insurance providers to sell health insurance plans across state lines.
In 2004, as chairman of the RNC, Gillespie opposed same-sex marriage and supported the Republican platform plank in support of constitutional amendment banning gay marriage.
In 2014, as a candidate for the U.S. Senate, Gillespie renounced this position, saying he no longer supported such an amendment.
In September 2017 he said he would oppose any legislation that would dictate which bathrooms that transgender individuals could use, such as the controversial North Carolina Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act.
Earlier, in January 2017, Gillespie did not take a firm position when the Virginia General Assembly was considering a bathroom bill, opting instead to criticize the Obama administration for mandating that public schools allow transgender students to use the restrooms of their choice while saying that localities should decide on the issue.
In the final weeks of the 2017 gubernatorial campaign, Gillespie began running an ad criticizing Democrats for restoring voting rights to more than 200,000 felons, including John Bowen, whose rights were restored based on his completing sentence for an earlier conviction while he was awaiting trial on a new charge of possessing one of the largest child pornography collections in Virginia's history.
The following is a list of FCC-licensed AM and FM radio stations in the U.S. state of Texas, which can be sorted by their call signs, broadcast frequencies, cities of license, licensees, or programming formats.
The Defence Research Establishments were a number of separate UK Ministry of Defence Research Establishments, dating back to World War II, World War I, or even earlier.
the Royal Air Force, the Admiralty and the War Office, had their own research establishments; although some establishments had tri-service functions.
Many establishments were formed, merged or changed their names over time to meet the needs of the UK Government at the time.
These changes also involved the opening of new sites, operating across multiple sites, change of site location; and closing of sites.
For example, the Explosives Research and Development Establishment (ERDE), merged with the Rocket Propulsion Establishment and became the Propellants, Explosives and Rocket Motor Establishment (PERME).
DERA was split up in the early 2000s, with the major part becoming known as QinetiQ and the more sensitive parts retained as Dstl.
An intendant ( , Portuguese and ) was and sometimes still is a usually public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America.
When France won the War of the Spanish Succession and the House of Bourbon was established on the throne of Spain, the intendancy system was extended to Spain and Portugal and the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire.
Intendants were sent to supervise and enforce the king's will in the provinces and had jurisdiction over three areas: finances, policing and justice.
They were chosen by the Controller-General of Finances who asked the advice of the Secretary of State for War for those who were to be sent in border provinces.
They were often young: Charles Alexandre de Calonne became an intendant at the age of 32, Turgot and Louis Bénigne François Berthier de Sauvigny at the age of 34, and Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny at the age of 40.
Those nostalgic for an administration based on noble lineage (such as Saint-Simon) saw intendants as parvenus and usurpers of noble power.
Jacques Necker, the only Minister of Finances since 1720 who had not himself been an intendant, accused them of incompetence because of their youth and social aspirations.
As early as the 15th century, the French kings sent commissioners to the provinces to report on royal and administrative issues and to undertake any necessary action.
These agents of the king were recruited from among the masters of requests, the Councillors of State and members of the Parlements or the Court of Accounts.
Along with these, there were also commissioners sent to the army, in charge of provisioning the army, policing and finances; they would supervise accountants, providers, merchants, and generals, and attend war councils and tribunals for military crimes.
Such commissioners are found in Corsica as early as 1553, in Bourges in 1592, in Troyes in 1594, and in Limoges in 1596.
Under Louis XIII's minister Cardinal Richelieu, with France's entry into the Thirty Years' War in 1635, the Intendants became a permanent institution in France.
When Louis XIV (1643–1715) was in power, the Marquis of Louvois, War Secretary between 1677 and 1691, further expanded the power of the provincial intendants.
They monitored Louis's refinements of the French military, including the institution of a merit promotion system and a policy of enlistment limited to single men for periods of four years.
The French North American colony of New France, which later became the Canadian province of Quebec, also had a senior official called an intendant, who was responsible to the French King.
New France's first intendant was Jean Talon, comte d'Orsainville in 1665, and the last one, at the time of the British conquest of Quebec was Pierre François de Rigaud.
The reforms were designed by the new dynasty to make political administration more efficient and to promote economic, commercial, and fiscal development of their new realms.
Throughout the 18th century the Bourbons experimented with the powers and duties of the intendants, both in Spain and overseas, so what follows is only a general description of the Spanish intendancy.
In any given area at any given time, the duties of the intendant would have been specified by the laws that established that particular intendancy.
In 1749 an intendancy was established in every province, with the intendant also holding the office of corregidor of the capital city.
The first one was set up in central Mexico in 1786, followed in 1787 by Veracruz, Puebla, Valladolid in Michoacan, Guadalajara, Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Durango, Sonora, and in 1789 Mérida, the main city in Yucatán.
These administrative changes codified existing regional divisions of Center (Mexico, Veracruz, Puebla, Michoacan), South (Oaxaca, Mérida), and North (Zacatecas, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Durango, and Sonora).
Initially intendancies were held by a separate person from the viceroy or the governor, but eventually in many places the offices were granted to one person due to conflicts that emerged between these two.
More intendancies were established in Quito, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico (1784), Guatemala, more areas of New Spain, Chile (1786) and Cuenca (1786).
Analogously, the police rank of sub-intendant corresponds to the rank of major, while the police rank of superintendent corresponds to the rank of colonel.
The rank insignia of an intendant consists in a dark blue epaulet with two crossed horsewhips inside a laurel wreath and two PSP stars.
Nowadays in the Spanish armed forces, the title Intendant refers to a Colonel in the Supply Branch either in the Navy, Army or Air Force.
The position of intendant was part of the tsarist Russian army from 1812 to 1868; intendants were responsible for supplies, finances, etc.
After the 1935 rank reform that established 'personal ranks' in the Soviet military, it was reintroduced as the rank title for administrative and supply officers.
On 7 May 1940, the rank title system for all Soviet Army senior officers was changed to bring it closer in line with standard European practice, and the ranks of major general of the intendant service, lieutenant general of the intendant service, and colonel general of the intendant service were introduced.
On 30 March 1942, the 'intendant' ranks equivalent to those between lieutenant and colonel were abolished, and officers holding those ranks also underwent a re-attestation process and received ranks ranging from lieutenant of the intendant service to colonel of the administrative service.
The senior officer of the City of Glasgow Police was called an Intendant in the document establishing the force in 1800.
For much of its history, the chief magistrate of the city of Charleston, South Carolina was the Intendant of the City, roughly corresponding to a mayor.
It is also commonly found today in many theaters and opera houses in Europe, where it is the equivalent to the title of general director, given to an individual in a managerial position, generally having control over all aspects of the company.
Currently, due to advanced wastewater recycling technologies, Israel owns more than 60 percent of the global Medjool market share, which makes it the largest exporter of Medjool dates in the world.
The Marketing Agencies Association Group (MAAG), formerly known as the Marketing Communication Consultant Association (MCCA), is the trade association of marketing communications agencies in the United Kingdom.
The residential tower on the Gold Coast lost its title as the world's tallest residential building to the The Marina Torch in Dubai on 29 April 2011.
It is now the sixth-tallest residential tower in the world and is the tallest building in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere, and the second-tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, behind the Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand.
At and with a roof height of , Q1 qualifies as the world's seventh-tallest all-residential building when measured to the top of its structural point (spire), but is ranked lower behind buildings including Melbourne's Australia 108 (roof height of ) and the Eureka Tower (roof height of ) when measured to its roof height and highest inhabitable floor.
However, according to the ranking system developed by the U.S.-based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, the main criterion by which buildings are ranked is the height of the top of the spire, qualifying Q1 as the taller.
When the Q1 was completed it overtook the 21st Century Tower in Dubai, United Arab Emirates to become the world's tallest residential tower.
It is in the top 50 tallest buildings in the world when measured to its structural point, dwarfing the Gold Coast skyline with the closest buildings to Q1's height being the North Tower of Circle on Cavill and the Soul building.
Q1 Tower was designed by SDG & The Buchan Group, and its form was inspired by the Sydney 2000 Olympic torch and the Sydney Opera House.
The concept was based on studies of wind, movement and tension in which a series of ribbons wrap concentrically around the tower form and hover above the entry plaza area providing cover and shading.
The tension in the movement and free form are expressed by the gradual twisting of the aluminium-clad ribbons as they move around the building.
The result is an open-air galleria-like shopping precinct under the glazed ribbon structure and a curved retail façade to the street edges.
The building was the Silver Award winner of the 2005 Emporis Skyscraper Award, coming in second to Turning Torso in Sweden.
The building is supported by 26 piles, each in diameter, that extend into the ground passing through up to of solid rock.
An application to construct a walkway around the outside of level 78 was lodged with the Gold Coast City Council in mid-2010.
It towers above the Surfers Paradise beach, giving viewers a 360-degree view of Brisbane to the north, the Gold Coast hinterland to the west, Byron Bay, New South Wales, to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the east.
Peeling paint which has revealed rusty steel inside and outside, as well as shattered glass panels are amongst the visible concerns.
The north stairwell was assessed as defective due to the stairwell pressurisation system not meeting the minimum air-flow requirements during a fire emergency.
The building is one of the most popular destinations for students celebrating schoolies week, despite the body corporate committee treasurer's claims that most of the building's unit owners were opposed to their stay.
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), previously the American Zoo and Aquarium Association and originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1924 dedicated to the advancement of North American zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation.
In October 1924, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) was formed as an affiliate of the American Institute of Park Executives (AIPE).
In 1966, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums became a professional branch affiliate of the newly formed National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA, which absorbed the American Institute of Park Executives).
In the fall of 1971, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums membership voted to become an independent association and, on January 19, 1972, it was chartered as the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums with its executive office located in Wheeling, West Virginia, within the Oglebay Park Good Zoo.
In early 2018, AZA acquired the Wildlife Trafficking Alliance to help grow public awareness about the purchase and sale of illegal wildlife products in the United States.
AZA serves as an accrediting body for zoos and aquariums and ensures accredited facilities meet higher standards of animal care than required by law.
As of December 2019, AZA has 238 accredited facilities in the US and 11 other countries: Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, The Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Argentina, Spain, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea.
The association also facilitates both Species Survival Plans and Population Management Plans, which serve to sustainably manage genetically diverse captive populations of various animal species.
Over 2,800 individual members meet each year at AZA's September conference, the largest, most comprehensive zoo and aquarium professionals’ events in the country.
Peer-developed program meetings, roundtables, and workshops in an interactive format challenge attendees to collaborate with one another and promise ample opportunity to learn and discuss issues critical to the profession.
In the United States, any public animal exhibit must be licensed and inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Drug Enforcement Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and others.
Depending on the animals they exhibit, the activities of zoos are regulated by laws including the Endangered Species Act, the Animal Welfare Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 and others.
To achieve accreditation, a zoo must pass an application and inspection process and meet or exceed the AZA's standards for animal health and welfare, fundraising, zoo staffing, and involvement in global conservation efforts.
Inspection is performed by three experts (typically one veterinarian, one expert in animal care, and one expert in zoo management and operations) and then reviewed by a panel of twelve experts before accreditation is awarded.
The AZA estimates that there are approximately 2,800 animal exhibits operating under USDA license as of 2019; fewer than 10% are accredited.
The SAFE program signature species include African lion, African vultures, Asian elephant, American red wolf, Atlantic Acripora coral, black-footed ferret, black rhinoceros, cheetah, Eastern indigo snake, giraffe, gorilla, sea turtles, orangutan, radiated tortoise, sea turtles, sharks and rays, vaquita, western pond turtle, and whooping crane.
The database can be searched by key word, name of researcher, topic, country or region, name of institution, conservation program title, name of cooperating institution (including governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations, colleges or universities, and non-member zoos and aquariums), type of research, or date.
They participate in 115 reintroduction programs, including more than 40 programs for species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
AZA zoos and aquariums spent $25 million on research and published 170 books, book chapters, journal articles, conference proceeding papers, posters and theses or dissertations.
In 2009, Max Cannon urged his readers to contact the editors of their local alternative weekly papers in an effort to save the comics printed within.
The Sukhoi Su-7 (NATO designation name: Fitter-A) is a swept wing, supersonic fighter aircraft developed by the Soviet Union in 1955.
On 14 May 1953, after Joseph Stalin's death, the Sukhoi OKB was reopened and by the summer, it began work on a swept-wing front-line fighter.
It was the first Soviet aircraft to utilize the all-moving tailplane and a translating centerbody, a movable inlet cone in the air intake for managing airflow to the engine at supersonic speeds.
The aircraft also had a dramatic wing sweep of 60°, irreversible hydraulically boosted controls, and an ejection seat of OKB's own design.
Fitted with an afterburning version of the AL-7 engine after the first eleven flights, the prototype set a Soviet speed record of 2,170 km/h (1,170 kn, 1,350 mph, Mach 2.04) in April 1956.
The prototype was intended to be armed with three 37 mm Nudelman N-37 cannon and 32 spin-stabilized 57 mm (2.25 in) unguided rockets in a ventral tray.
Testing was complicated by the unreliable engine, and S-1 was lost in a crash on 23 November 1956, killing its pilot I. N. Sokolov.
Combined with poor visibility from the cockpit, and lack of an instrument landing system, it made operations very difficult, especially in poor weather or on poor airfields.
The front-line fighter version saw limited operational use in the Far East from 1958, but by 1959, a decision was made to proceed with production of the MiG-21, and less than 200 units were deployed.
On the other hand, despite its notoriously heavy controls, the Su-7 was popular with pilots for its docile flight characteristics, simple controls and considerable speed even at low altitudes.
The Su-7 saw combat with Egypt in the 1967 Six-Day War, the subsequent War of Attrition, and saw use in the Yom Kippur War by the Egyptians to attack Israeli ground forces.
Six squadrons, totalling 140 aircraft, flew almost 1,500 offensive sorties during the war, and undertook the bulk of the daytime attack efforts.
The IAF managed to retain a very high operational tempo with its Su-7s, peaking at a sortie rate of six per pilot per day.
After the war, it was found that the aircraft had a high survivability, being able fly home safely despite receiving heavy damage.
For example, Wing Commander H. S. Mangat's Su-7 was badly damaged by a Sidewinder missile fired from Pakistan Air Force J-6.
The impact was so severe that half the rudder was missing, the elevators, ailerons and flaps were severely damaged, and half the missile was stuck in the chute pipe.
In this example, as typically, the subordinate idea originally present in the adjective is transformed into a noun in and of itself.
The conjunction may be elided (parataxis): This coffee is nice and hot can become This is nice hot coffee; in both cases one is saying that the coffee is hot to a nice degree, not that the coffee itself would be nice even if cold.
Johanson, in his discussion of Turkic compounding, considers compounds of synonymous components to be hendiadys:The asyndetic type noun + noun is also used in coordinative compounds, so-called twin words or binomes.
The Hillman Imp is a small economy car made by the Rootes Group and its successor Chrysler Europe from 1963 until 1976.
Revealed on 3 May 1963, after much advance publicity, it was the first British mass-produced car with the engine block and cylinder head cast in aluminium.
Being a direct competitor to the BMC's Mini, it used a space-saving rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout to allow as much luggage and passenger capacity as possible in both the rear and the front of the car.
It was the first mass-produced British car with the engine in the back and the first to use a diaphragm spring clutch.
The baulk-ring synchromesh unit for the transaxle compensated for the speeds of gear and shaft before engagement, which the Mini had suffered from during its early production years.
It incorporated many design features which were uncommon in cars until the late 1970s, such as a folding rear bench seat, automatic choke and gauges for temperature, voltage and oil pressure.
This unorthodox small/light car was designed for the Rootes Group by Michael Parkes (who later became a Formula One driver) and Tim Fry.
In 1966, after winning the Coupe des Dames, Smith was disqualified under a controversial ruling regarding the headlamps of her Imp.
The Imp was also successful in touring car racing when Bill McGovern won the British Saloon Car Championship in 1970, 1971 and 1972.
Considered ahead of its time, the Imp nevertheless suffered from reliability problems which harmed its reputation, leading the Rootes Group to be taken over by Chrysler Europe in 1967.
Petrol was rationed in the UK, sales of heavy cars (which Rootes was known for) had dramatically slumped in sales, and there was a huge market for small economical cars with low fuel usage.
Although the project officially began in 1955, the market for small cars was soon recognised and it was evident that the project would evolve into Rootes first small economical car.
The Hillman Imp was officially announced on 2 May 1963 when HRH Duke of Edinburgh was invited to open the factory in Linwood.
In 1962 the company was acquired by Warsop Fram Group, and all of Ailsa Craig Ltd's assets were up for sale.
The Warsop Fram Group traded the Imp name to the Rootes Group in exchange for a new Humber Super Snipe motor car.
The water-cooled four cylinder power unit was based on the Coventry Climax FWMA fire pump engine featuring an all-aluminium alloy over-head cam, combined with a full-syncromesh aluminium transaxle.
Besides the engine's unique design, it was canted at a 45° angle to keep the center of gravity low and optimise road-holding.
As reported in tests such as The Practical Car and Driver, rear-engined cars generally suffer from oversteer handling characteristics to some extent, and to counteract this as much as possible, the Imp has a semi-trailing arm independent rear suspension system.
This relatively costly and sophisticated solution, atypical for small-car design at the time, was insisted upon by its designers after testing at length a Chevrolet Corvair with swing axles.
To attain balanced handling, the Imp actually uses swing axle geometry at the front, but this initially led to too much understeer and the camber was later reduced by lowering the pivot points.
From the initial problems that surrounded the Mark I, the Rootes Group envisioned to re-introduce the Imp with significant changes both mechanically and cosmetically.
The Mk I Imps had a pneumatic throttle linkage and an automatic choke, both of which were replaced by more conventional items on the Mk II.
Although the car was constantly improved over its production life, there was no single change as significant as that in 1965.
Among these changes were an added water pump, cylinder head with larger ports and valves, along with 'Mark II' emblems appearing on the side of the doors.
However, changes were made to the Imp range when the Rootes Group was fully acquired by Chrysler Europe and thus is sometimes referred to as the 'Chrysler Imp'.
The large speedometer previously positioned behind the steering wheel was replaced by a horizontal row of four circular dials/displays of varying detail and complexity according to the model specified.
The right-hand dial, the speedometer, was now to one side of the driver's normal sightline, while one multi-functional stalk on the right side of the steering column replaced the two control stalks that had been directly behind the steering wheel, one on each side.
The opening rear window is intended to make it easier to load the small luggage area behind the fold-down rear seat.
The fold-down nature of the rear seat was itself unusual in small car design at the time, being more often associated with larger upmarket estate cars.
In an attempt to interest a wider public when sales figures fell well short of the intended 100,000 cars per annum, several badge-engineered derivatives, such as the luxury Singer Chamois (launched October 1964), and the Sunbeam Sport (launched October 1966), with a more powerful twin-carburettor engine, were offered with varying degrees of success.
For marketing reasons the Singer variants were sold as Sunbeams in many export markets, even before May 1970 when the Singer marque was discontinued altogether by Chrysler UK.
The coupe bodyshell is similar to the standard body but features a more shallow-raked windscreen and rear window which, unlike that on the standard bodied cars, can not be opened.
The attempt at a more sporty design did not translate into better acceleration or top speed figures and the aerodynamics of the standard saloon are actually slightly better.
The new body style made its first appearance at the Paris Motor Show in October 1967, with the introduction of the sporting Sunbeam Stiletto.
The coupe body had also appeared, with less powerful engines, in the Hillman Imp Californian announced in January 1967 and the more luxurious Singer Chamois coupe.
The company did not have recent experience building small cars, even though it started off as a car builder by offering the then small Hillman Minx back in 1931.
However, the Minx had since grown larger, and by the time the Imp was introduced it was well established as a medium-size family car.
Rootes had to build a new, computerised assembly plant on the outskirts of Paisley, in Linwood, in which to assemble the Imp.
The UK Government Regional Assistance policy provided financial grants to the Rootes Group to bring approximately 6,000 jobs to the area.
Linwood had become an area of significant unemployment because of redundancies in the declining shipbuilding industry on the nearby River Clyde.
The investment also included an advanced die-casting plant to manufacture the aluminium engine casings, and a stake in a brand new Pressed Steel Company motor pressings works, which manufactured all the new car's body panels.
Linwood was over away from Rootes' main factory at Ryton-on-Dunsmore, but the engine castings made in Linwood had to be sent to Ryton to be machined and assembled, then sent back up to be put on the cars – a round trip.
This was addressed by a complex schedule of trains shifting completed cars and raw castings south, and trains loaded with engine – gearbox assemblies and many other Ryton sourced goods running north.
To aid with balancing the logistical costs of this operation, body pressings for the Hillman Avenger were also made at Linwood, but transported south to Ryton on the component trains.
The local West of Scotland workforce, recruited mainly from the shipbuilding industry, did not bring the distinct skills necessary for motor vehicle assembly, and Imp build quality and reliability suffered accordingly (many years later, Alfa Romeo suffered similar problems when it established Alfasud in Naples as a production satellite of Alfa Nord in Milan).
Industrial disputes and strike action became a regular occurrence, as was the case in many parts of British industry in the 1960s and '70s.
Later the concept evolved into a kind of ultra-economy car with some cheaply and poorly executed, design features as a utilitarian vehicle, like some of the Eastern European marques of the time like Škoda, and later Lada, which were relatively low-cost economy cars, popular with British consumers.
At one point the basic Hillman Imp was the cheapest new car on the British market, which increased low sales figures for a time.
The initial problems damaged the Imp's reputation and popularity trailed off, with half of all production being from the first three years.
It still sold thanks to its competitive price, distinctive styling, and cheap running costs, but sales never lived up to expectations for what had become a very competent small car.
Another problem that contributed to the reputation for poor reliability was the lack of understanding of the maintenance needs of alloy engines by owners and the motor trade in the 1960s.
The company's huge investment in both the Imp and the Linwood production plant was to be a significant part of the demise of the Rootes Group.
The Imp's commercial failure added to the major losses suffered by Rootes, although the main reasons for these losses were unresolved industrial unrest and the effects of the link with the Chrysler Corporation of the USA.
The link was initiated by Lord (William) Rootes in 1964 as a partnership, but he died in October of that year and by 1967 the company had been acquired by Chrysler, to become part of Chrysler Europe.
A year later, ahead of the 1968 London Motor Show, the recommended retail prices of most Imp models were reduced for the domestic market by more than four per cent, despite the general price inflation affecting the UK.
Chrysler stewardship was blamed by some for the demise of the Imp in March 1976, after fewer than 500,000 had been built, but the entire Chrysler Europe operation was not a success and two years later it became part of Peugeot.
Its place in the Chrysler UK range was taken the following year by the Chrysler Sunbeam, a three-door hatchback based on the Avenger rear-wheel drive underpinnings.
Both cars continued to be produced at the Linwood plant until it closed in 1981, after just 18 years in use.
The Imp used a derivative of the Climax FWMA engine whereas the Lotus cars used an FWMC engine which had an entirely different cylinder head.
Unassembled cars were exported for assembly in Australia, Costa Rica, Ireland, Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, Philippines, Portugal, South Africa, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Todd Motors only had two final assembly lines at Petone, so the Avenger and the Hunter shared one line and the larger Chrysler Valiant was built on the other.
Further improvements made over the PA Imp, early cars were still based on UK Mk I CKD kits, but as these were depleted UK Mk 2 CKD kits were used.
Useful improvements in power could be gained by replacing the standard silencer (muffler) with one that impeded the exhaust gas flow less and with better carburettors.
However, in adapting the design to suit modern mass-production methods, Rootes had left the engine somewhat more fragile than the Coventry Climax model from which it had been derived.
The privateer team of George Bevan dominated the British Saloon Car Championship (later known as the British Touring Car Championship) in the early 1970s.
Notable exponents of the Imp in racing include Ian Forrest, Harry Simpson, Ricky Gauld, John Homewood, Roger Nathan, Gerry Birrell, Ray Payne and Chris Barter.
To this day Imps still compete on historic rallies in the UK, with the Vokes' car often making it onto the podium in the HRCR Clubmans Rally Championship.
The Imp was also successfully raced and rallied in other parts of the world, notably Asia, where drivers including Andrew Bryson and Pardaman Singh regularly won saloon car categories into the 1980s.
A number of sidecar crews raced Imp-engined outfits at the Isle of Man TT races, best placement being Roy Hanks in eleventh place in the 1976 TT 1000cc Sidecar.
He bought Imp specialist company Greetham Engineering, and designed a wedge head to increase the 998 cc engine to 125 bhp with twin 40DCOE Webers.
He also fitted a spacer on top of the wet block to accommodate longer cylinder liners, increasing capacity to 1220 cc.
Reutlingen University has a long tradition as a second home for international students; over a quarter of the students currently registered come from countries outside Germany.
The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the main fields of International Business, Engineering, Information, Medical and Natural Science and Design.
The five schools of Reutlingen University are the School of Applied Chemistry, ESB Business School, the School of Information Technology, the School of Engineering and the School of Texiles & Design.
Top Five placements in various rankings and its reputation amongst industry and commerce has made it one of Germany's most prestigious universities of applied sciences.
Reutlingen University's campus sits on the southwestern edge of Reutlingen, close to recreation and sport areas (including the city soccer stadium).
The history of Reutlingen University goes back to the School of Weaving established in 1855 by the Kingdom of Württemberg, the city of Reutlingen, and the textile industry.
The school was renamed in 1891 and became the Royal College of Technology for Textile Industry (German: Königlich Württembergisches Technikum für Textilindustrie), a technical college for spinning, weaving, and knitting.
After the end of monarchy in 1918, the college received state recognition and changed its name once more to the State College of Technology (German: Staatliches Technikum).
In 1967, Mechanical Engineering was added to the State College of Technology, and in 1971, the College received official recognition as a Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences).
The old buildings in the center of town were handed over to the police force, and parts of the original equipment from the Weaving School and other documentation were placed in the Industrial Museum of Reutlingen.
In 1979, the European Study Program for Business Management (ESB), with its partner schools Middlesex University in London and NEOMA Business School Reims, enrolled its first students.
In mid-2008, Reutlingen University merged all three of its business schools (European School of Business, School of International Business, and Production Management) into one school under the European School of Business (ESB) name.
Today's Building 2, home to the School of Applied Chemistry, opened in 1983, and in 1984, the first students entered Automation Technology and Business Information Science classes.
Today, Reutlingen University comprises five schools with international accreditation: School of Applied Chemistry (AC, Angewandte Chemie), ESB Business School (ESB), School of Information Technology (INF, Informatik), School of Engineering (TEC, Technik) and School of Texiles & Design (TD, Textil & Design).
It has over 200 partner universities worldwide and offers 16 Bachelor's degrees and 23 Master's degrees, including MBA's for officers of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defense of Germany).
The University's President is elected by the University Advisory Board, which is responsible for the development and competitiveness of the University.
Moreover, it supervises the management of the President’s Office and deals with further matters concerning its own management, such as the election of the President or decisions about its structure and development plan.
The Chairman of the University Advisory Board is Christoph Kübel, Managing Director and Director of Industrial Relations of Robert Bosch GmbH.
Students have an institutionalized right to participate in the decision making process through Senator mandates, seats in the school councils or as appointed members of academic commissions.
With about 2500 students (of which about 30 percent come from abroad), ESB Business School (ESB) is the largest of the five schools.
The faculty's research activities are supported by the Robert Bosch Centre for Power Electronics (rbz), a research and teaching cooperation between Robert Bosch GmbH, Reutlingen University and the University of Stuttgart.
The faculty includes affiliates such as the research laboratory F+TRC (Fashion and Textile Research Center) and an extensive machinery park with laboratories.
Research and development projects supported by state and federal ministries, and also by the European Union, are carried out in cooperation with industry - in particular with small- and medium-size enterprises.
The Export-Akademie consists of the following departments: SEFEX (Seminars for the Exporting Industry), ZIM (a certificate course for export managers), OBS (a retraining program by the Otto Benecke Trust), and IMI (the International Management Institute).
It works to a large extent with the study materials of the part-time MBA program of the European School of Business.
Under certain circumstances, participants in the program can go on to study at the Distance Learning University of Switzerland, where they can earn an academic degree.
The OBS program is a business retraining program for economists and engineers who have come to Germany from the ex-Soviet Union.
These migrants have completed an academic degree and have work experience which is often very different from what is usual in the German market.
The aim of the OBS courses is to remove these obstacles and to adapt the participants to professional requirements in Germany.
It provides these people with further training in international business and assists in setting up international business academies in these countries.
Five universities enjoy major partnerships with Reutlingen University, sending students to and from all departments and in some cases offering special courses on Reutlingen's campus: Swinburne University of Technology (Hawthorn/Melbourne, Australia), Xi'an University of Technology (Xi'an, China), Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Monterrey, Mexico), Kettering University (Flint, Michigan), and Valparaiso University (Valparaiso, Indiana).
The Amsterdam Fashion Academy (, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) has entered into a student exchange partnership with the Fakultät Textil & Design / School of Textiles & Design Hochschule Reutlingen / Reutlingen University.
In addition to its core activities, such as creating and maintaining new study-abroad opportunities for students, the International Office coordinates events such as study-related excursions and company visits, field trips, cinema and international evenings, and receptions.
The Protestant and Catholic Student Ministry (ekhg) offers workshops about how to develop and improve the social skills one needs when studying, in one's career, and in one's private life.
They attempt to find and live by modern forms of Christian faith, and offer help and advice on both academic and personal matters.
The ekhg supports student groups and initiatives, offers help, advice, and companionship in emergencies and personal crises, and arranges contact with German families for foreign students and faculty members.
The main holdings of older material are literature on textile-related subjects from the 19th to the first half of the 20th century, books that are held by few other German libraries.
The textile collection is kept up to this day, though the emphasis has shifted from textile technology to fashion design and textile marketing.
In addition to coffee and soft drinks, there is a wide range of small snacks, as well as warm dishes and salads during weekday lunchtime.
The same building also houses a bookstore and a branch office of the health insurance company AOK, which provides student insurance.
The Adventure of Foulkes Rath is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery by Adrian Conan Doyle, the youngest son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the Sherlock Holmes creator.
Dr. Watson wonders why Holmes has not been involved in the investigation of the apparent murder of Colonel Matthias Addleton by his nephew Percy Longton, only to find that Holmes already has a telegram in his hand from the family attorney.
Holmes learns that the uncle and nephew had quarreled over the sale of property belonging to the estate after the uncle had returned from a late night horse ride.
Servants, aroused by a scream later that night, found Longton standing over his dying uncle with an axe in his hand.
For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of people with the condition, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized.
With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases have not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic.
Advances in medical science improve the study of causes of diseases and the classification of diseases; thus, regarding any particular condition or disease, as more root causes are discovered, and as events that seemed spontaneous have their origins revealed, the percentage of cases designated as idiopathic decreases.
Some disease classifications prefer the use of the synonymous term cryptogenic disease as in cryptogenic stroke, and some forms of epilepsy.
The use of cryptogenic is also sometimes reserved for cases where it is presumed that the cause is simple and will be found in the future.
Volcano is a 1997 American disaster film directed by Mick Jackson and produced by Andrew Z. Davis, Neal H. Moritz and Lauren Shuler Donner.
Jones is cast as the head of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (LAC OEM), which has complete authority in the event of an emergency or natural disaster.
His character attempts to divert the path of a dangerous lava flow through the streets of Los Angeles following the formation of a volcano at the La Brea Tar Pits.
A joint collective effort to commit to the film's production was made by the film studios of 20th Century Fox, Moritz Original and Shuler Donner/Donner Productions.
Although the film used extensive special effects, it failed to receive any award nominations from mainstream motion picture organizations for its production merits.
It earned an additional $73.5 million in business through international release to top out at a combined $122,823,468 in gross revenue.
The Region 1 code widescreen edition of the film featuring special features was released on DVD in the United States on March 9, 1999.
Michael Roark, the director of the city's Office of Emergency Management, insists on coming to work to help out with the crisis, although he has been on vacation with his daughter Kelly.
His associate, Emmit Reese, notes that the quake caused no major damage, but seven utility workers are later burned to death in a storm drain at MacArthur Park.
As a precaution, Roark tries to halt the subway lines that run parallel, but Los Angeles MTA Chairman Stan Olber opposes, feeling that there is no threat to the trains.
The next morning, at around 5:15 A.M., Barnes, and her assistant Rachel, venture in the storm sewer to investigate the scene of the incident.
While taking samples, a more powerful earthquake strikes, and Rachel is killed when she falls into the crack that is later engulfed by a rush of the hot gases.
Minutes later, steam explodes from the sewer system, and in the La Brea Tar Pits, volcanic smoke and ash billow out, followed by lava bombs that burst out of the tar pits, which ignite several buildings.
Moments later, a newly formed underground volcano erupts from the tar pits, and lava begins to flow freely down Wilshire Boulevard, incinerating everything in its path, including Roark's GMC Suburban, and an LAFD fire truck downed by a lava bomb, killing two firefighters inside.
Roark and his daughter become separated as she is injured when a lava bomb burns her leg, and she is taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center by Dr. Jaye Calder.
In the red line metro tunnel, the passengers in the derailed subway train are exposed to severe heat and toxic gases, which causes them all to eventually lose consciousness.
The train driver tries but fails to open the doors along the length of the train, until reaching the rear where he sees the incoming lava flow in the tunnel hundreds of meters away.
They manage to save everyone, but Olber notices that the train driver is still missing and goes back; he finds the driver alive but unconscious, just as the lava reaches the train and begins to flow underneath it.
Roark, Barnes, and police lieutenant Ed Fox devise a plan to stack concrete barriers at the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax Avenue, creating a cul-de-sac to pool the lava as helicopters dump water on it and all fire fighters open their hoses to form a crust, making the operation a success.
However Barnes later theorizes that the magma is still flowing underground through the Red Line subway extension, and calculates that the main eruption will occur at the end of the line at the Beverly Center near Cedars-Sinai.
To prove this, Barnes and Roark lower a video camera into the tunnel to watch it, only for the camera to be incinerated by a fast-moving flow of lava.
They calculate the speed and realize that they have thirty minutes until the lava flows reaches the end of the Red Line.
Through Roark's direction, explosives are used to create channels in the street to divert the flow of lava into Ballona Creek, which will later flow into the Pacific Ocean, but Barnes realizes that the street is sloping in the opposite direction, and instead, the lava would flow directly towards the injured patients.
Roark devises another plan to demolish a twenty-two story condominium building to block the lava's path from flowing towards the medical area and the rest of the Los Angeles West Side.
Gator refuses to abandon an LAPD SWAT cop, who has gotten trapped under a fallen ventilation duct while slotting explosive charges when it fell on him due to the tremors.
At that point, the lava reaches the dead end of the subway tunnel extension, and bursts out of the ground in a massive geyser.
Gator and the officer sacrifice their lives to detonate the final explosive charge by giving Fox the all-clear to ignite the charges.
Roark then spots Kelly nearby, trying to retrieve a small boy who wandered off, putting them in the direct path of the collapsing building.
Reese shows up with the family dog Max, along with a call from the police chief on how to rebuild the city.
Roark tells Reese that he is on vacation after all, and to tell the chief that too, as he goes home with Kelly while Reese takes over to handle the situation.
Extensive special effects surrounding certain aspects of the film such as the lava flow, were created by ten separate digital effects companies including VIFX, Digital Magic Company, Light Matters Inc., Pixel Envy and Anatomorphex.
An 80% full-size replica of Wilshire Boulevard, which was one of the largest sets ever constructed in the United States, was assembled in Torrance, California.
The audio soundtrack in Compact Disc format featuring 8 tracks, was officially released by the American recording label Varèse Sarabande on April 22, 1997.
Rotten Tomatoes reports that 50% of 46 sampled critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 5.1 out of 10.
The film grossed $14,581,740 in box office business in Canada and the United States on its opening weekend, averaging $5,256 in revenue per theater.
In the month of June during its final weekend showing in theaters, the film came out in 12th place grossing $602,076.
The film went on to top out in the United States and Canada at $49,323,468 in total ticket sales through a 7-week theatrical run.
The Region 1 Code widescreen edition of the film was released on DVD in the United States on March 9, 1999.
During a dinner party, the Abbas Ruby disappeared from the Doverton house, as did all the blooms on Sir John's camillia bush.
Before departing with his prisoner, Inspector Gregson of Scotland Yard shows Holmes and Watson the empty jewel case found concealed in Joliffe's room.
Raymond Redvers Briggs, CBE (born 18 January 1934) is an English illustrator, cartoonist, graphic novelist and author who has achieved critical and popular success among adults and children.
Briggs won the 1966 and 1973 Kate Greenaway Medals from the British Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject.
Raymond Briggs was born in Wimbledon, London, England, to parents Ernest Redvers Briggs (1900–1971), a milkman, and Ethel Bowyer (1895–1971), a former lady's maid-turned-housewife, who married in 1930, his other known relatives are: an adoptive paternal grandmother (his father's step-mother), his maternal grandparents, and two maternal uncles who died during childhood.
He attended Rutlish School, then a grammar school, pursued cartooning from an early age and, despite his father's attempts to discourage him from this unprofitable pursuit, attended the Wimbledon School of Art from 1949 to 1953 to study painting, and Central School of Art to study typography.
From 1953 to 1955, he was a conscript in the Royal Corps of Signals at Catterick where he was made a draughtsman.
After these two years of National Service, he returned to the study of painting at Slade School of Fine Art at University College, London, graduating in 1957.
The first three important works that Briggs both wrote and illustrated were in comics format rather than the separate text and illustrations typical of children's books; all three were published by Hamish Hamilton.
An American edition was produced by Random House in the same year, for which Briggs won the Boston Globe–Horn Book Award, picture book category.
This book was turned into a two-handed radio play with Peter Sallis in the male lead role, and subsequently an animated film, featuring John Mills and Peggy Ashcroft.
As of 2010, Briggs lives in a small house in Westmeston, Sussex; because of the clutter and lack of light, he kept a separate home from his long-term partner, Liz, her children and grandchildren.
The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books.
Briggs was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to literature.
The Adventure of the Dark Angels is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery by Adrian Conan Doyle, the youngest son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the Sherlock Holmes creator.
Holmes and Dr. Watson arrive at their residence to discover that Daphne Ferrers is waiting to consult with Holmes about the behavior of her father, Josua Ferrers of Abbotstanding in Hampshire.
Not only has her father selected the most isolated abode after retiring from his business interests in Sicily, but he has become even more reclusive and agitated due to the appearance of pictures of angels of death on his property.
After a few calculations, Holmes knows that he must move quickly to prevent a tragedy, but arrives too late to save Josua Ferrers' life.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of twelve short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, first published on 14 October 1892.
The only characters common to all twelve are Holmes and Dr. Watson and all are related in first-person narrative from Watson's point of view.
The stories proved popular, helping to boost the circulation of the magazine, and Doyle was paid 30 guineas each for the initial run of twelve.
The initial print run of the book was for 10,000 copies in the United Kingdom, and a further 4,500 copies in the United States, which were published by Harper Brothers the following day.
Sherlock Holmes has been adapted numerous times for both films and plays, and the character has been played by over 70 different actors in more than 200 films.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes were dramatised for BBC Radio 4 in 1990–1991, starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson.
Bert Coules was the head writer, but stories were also written by Vincent McInerny and Peter Mackie, and directed by Patrick Rayner and Enyd Williams.
Kompressor began in 2000, when Drew began recording songs under the Kompressor name and putting songs, and videos of the songs, up for free download.
Kompressor is depicted in his albums and videos wearing a strange alien mask, usually with a black leather jacket and black gloves.
He proclaims to be from Bremen, Germany, to speak English as a second language, and some of his songs are in German, or have some German lyrics.
The song was recorded before the September 11, 2001 attacks, in which terrorists flew planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan.
According to Sharing Machine, Kompressor's record label, while the music is copyrighted, all existing Kompressor lyrics () are available in the public domain.
Kompressor has also stated that his music is free to distribute, as long as it is not sold or used for commercial use.
Kompressor, who announced his intentions to revamp his project at the start of 2006, closed his online store at the end of 2005.
While not explicitly stating all music production will cease, his statement on the matter indicates that he will no longer sell music, and he would be selling off his music equipment.
It is about 14 km south of Cork city on the R611 regional road, which passes through the town, and just off the N28 national primary route to Ringaskiddy.
Carrigaline Pottery, situated in Main Street, closed in 1979, but was subsequently re-opened and run as a co-operative for many years after that.
Of this population, 83% were white Irish, less than 1% white Irish traveller, 11% other white ethnicities, 2% black, 1% Asian, 1% other, and less than 1% had not stated their ethnicity.
In terms of religion the town is 81% Catholic, 8% other stated religion, 11% with no religion, and less than 1% no stated religion.
Carrigaline has town twinning agreements with the commune of Guidel in Brittany, France, and with the town of Kirchseeon, in Bavaria, Germany.
Local sporting organisations include association football (soccer) clubs Avondale United FC and Carrigaline United AFC, Gaelic Athletic Association club Carrigaline GAA, rugby union club Carrigaline RFC, and other tennis, badminton, basketball, golf, and martial arts clubs.
It is recognized as one of the best universities Latin America for its leadership and innovation in science, technology, social sciences, and arts through the functions of creation, extension, teaching, and research.
The institution has more than 40,000 undergraduate and graduate students, offering more than 60 different bachelor and professional degrees, 38 doctoral programs and 116 master programs.
The world ranking of universities, elaborated by Shanghai JiaoTong University (China) and the European Union based on research sciences indicators, places it among the 400 best universities in the world.
SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) makes a characterization of institutions based on research, innovation and visibility on the web, and in 2017 report on investigation, which included more than 4,500 institutions of higher education and other centers in the world, the University of Chile ranked first in Chile, 10 in Latin America and 424 in the world.
Another study which highlights the performance of this institution is the Ranking Web of Universities (Webometrics), which measures the presence and impact on the web of over 11,000 universities and qualifies this college as leader of the country, six in Latin America and 371 worldwide.
In the 2016 version of the ranking made by AméricaEconomía, University of Chile was ranked first in Chile with the top rating in quality indicators of research, accreditation, infrastructure and inclusion.
In December 21, 2011 the University of Chile was notified by the National Accreditation Commission (CNA) of the positive evaluation in all obligatory areas (institutional management and undergraduate teaching) and electives (research, teaching graduate and linkage with medium).
Thus the University is accredited by seven years, the maximum awarded by the agency, for the period between 2011 and 2018.
The University of Chile, the Catholic University and the University of Concepción are the only institutions in this country that have the highest accreditation.
Andrés Bello a Venezuelan poet and humanist, formulated the project which with small modifications became a law on November 19, 1842, creating the Universidad de Chile.
The foundation answered the need to modernize the country which a little more than two decades before had become independent from Spain.
During this period, the university consisted of five faculties (facultades): Humanities & Philosophy, Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Law & Political Sciences, Medicine, and Theology.
By 1931, the number of colleges had increased to six: Philosophy & Education Sciences, Legal & Social Sciences, Biology & Medical Sciences, Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Agronomy & Veterinary, and Fine Arts.
Most of the Chilean presidents have studied in its lecture halls, as well as people with prominent roles in politics, business and culture.
On October 2, 1973, Decree number 50 of 1973 stated that the University's presidents would be designated by the military regime.
Some faculties, such as the one located in avenida Portugal and which now belongs to the Universidad Mayor, were privatized and sold at bargain prices to Pinochet cronies.
These changes were orchestrated by influential advisors to the dictatorship as a way to moderate the University's influence on the nation's politics, economics, public policies and intellectual movements, considered leftist by Augusto Pinochet and other right-wing government officials.
In spite of the complete restructuring of the University of Chile, it still remains Chile's most prestigious university in terms of research, applicant preferences and social impact.
The university's community involves the collaboration of academics, students and staff, who perform the tasks that establish its mission and functions.
The University of Chile offers undergraduate and graduate programs in all areas of knowledge, whose quality has been recognized by the National Accreditation Commission with the maximum score in both areas (2011–2018).
The University has a total of 69 study programs, 55 of which are conducive to professional degrees and 14 degrees terminales.
The University also offers special admission to outstanding athletes, blind students, people with media studies in other countries, ethnic agreements, internal career changes and people with studies in other schools.
Alongside this the institution implemented in 2012 an exclusive way of admission called the Sistema de Ingreso Prioritario de Equidad (SIPEE) for students of public system with special vacancies in all careers.
Also, in 2014 the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences initiated the Programa de Equidad de Género (PEG) with special vacancies for the first 40 women applicants who remain on the waiting list.
The University of Chile has the largest and most complex postgraduate system in the country, formed with 36 doctoral programs, 116 master's programs, 38 graduate programs and 69 specialized courses.
It is responsible for a third of the scientific publications and also for the implementation of a high percentage of competitive research projects in most academic fields, including basic sciences, technologies, humanities, social sciences and arts.
Projects funded by the Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDEF): 30 projects currently ongoing, in the areas of Education, Health, Engineering and Agriculture, Forestry and Animal Sciences.
The University has 3,168,373 m of urban land, 648,502 m of built land in use and 103,884,600 hectares of agricultural land.
The catalog has more than 3 million books, journals, theses and other bibliographic records available to 48 libraries of the University.
The libraries are distributed in 27,536 square meters, where there are 5.278 reading places and 1.082 computers for use of the University community.
The electronic publications of the University of Chile are available freely accessible through the following resources: Institutional Repository, Academic journals and Portal of books.
A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 47th Governor of Texas from 2000 to 2015, having been elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and later assuming the office from George W. Bush.
President Donald Trump nominated him as Secretary of Energy; he was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 62–37 vote on March 2, 2017.
On October 17, 2019, Perry reported to President Trump that he intended to resign as Secretary of Energy at the end of the year.
A fifth-generation Texan, Perry was born on March 4, 1950, in Haskell, Texas, and raised in Paint Creek, Texas, the son of dryland cotton farmers Joseph Ray Perry and Amelia June Holt Perry.
Perry has said that his interest in politics probably began in November 1961, when his father took him to the funeral of U.S. Representative Sam Rayburn.
Perry attended Texas A&M University where he was a member of the Corps of Cadets and the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity.
Upon graduation from college in 1972, Perry was commissioned as an officer in the United States Air Force and completed pilot training in February 1974.
He was then assigned as a Lockheed C-130 Hercules pilot with the 772nd Tactical Airlift Squadron at Dyess Air Force Base, located in Abilene, Texas.
Perry's duties included two-month overseas rotations at RAF Mildenhall, located in Mildenhall, England and Rhein-Main Air Base, located at Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
His missions included a 1974 U.S. State Department drought relief effort in Mali, Mauritania and Chad, and in 1976, earthquake relief in Guatemala.
He left the Air Force in 1977 at the rank of captain, returned to Texas, and went into farming cotton with his father.
In 1984, Perry was elected to the Texas House of Representatives as a Democrat from district 64, which included his home county of Haskell.
On a guest appearance on Fox show Hannity, he partially credits Reagan as part of the reason he became a Republican, also stating he switched political parties sooner in his life than Reagan.
In the Republican primary on March 13, 1990, Perry polled 276,558 votes (47%), with Richard McIver garnering 176,976 votes (30%) and Gene L. Duke, who placed third, polling 132,497 votes (23%).
Since Perry fell shy of the necessary 50% to win outright, a runoff was held between Perry and McIver set on April 10, 1990.
Three aides were convicted in 1993 of using public funds for political fundraising, although Hightower himself was not found to be involved in the wrongdoings.
As Agriculture Commissioner, Perry was responsible for promoting the sale of Texas farm produce to other states and foreign nations, and for supervising the calibration of weights and measures, such as gasoline pumps and grocery store scales.
In 2005, after being questioned on the issue by a potential opponent in the Republican governor primary, Perry said he expressed his support only in order to get Clinton to pay more attention to rural healthcare.
In 1994, Perry was reelected Agriculture Commissioner by a large margin, getting 2,546,287 votes (62 percent) to Democrat Marvin Gregory's 1,479,692 (36 percent).
Gregory, a chicken farmer from Sulphur Springs, Texas, was on the Texas Agricultural Finance Authority with Perry in the early nineties as a Republican, but became a Democrat before running against Perry in 1994.
During this election, Perry had a notable falling out with his previous top political strategist Karl Rove, which began the much-reported rivalry between the Bush and Perry camps.
Perry assumed the office of governor on December 21, 2000, following the resignation of George W. Bush—who was preparing to become President of the United States.
He won the office in his own right in the 2002 gubernatorial election, where he received 58% of votes to Laredo oilman and businessman Tony Sanchez's 40%.
In the 2010 gubernatorial election, Perry became the first Texas governor to be elected to three four-year terms, polling 55% of votes to former Houston Mayor Bill White's 42%.
According to Texans for Public Justice, in his three gubernatorial campaigns, Perry received hard-money campaign contributions of $102 million, half of which came from 204 donors.
In the 2001 legislative session, Perry set a record for his use of the veto, rejecting 82 acts, more than any other governor in any single legislative session in the history of the state since Reconstruction.
In 2003, Perry formed the non-profit organization, the OneStar Foundation, designed to connect non-profits with resources and expertise to accomplish their missions and to promote volunteerism.
He tapped the state Republican chairman Susan Weddington, who stepped down from that position after six years, as the president of OneStar.
Perry is the fourth governor of Texas (after Allan Shivers, Price Daniel and John Connally) to have served three or more terms, and the only one to do so as a Republican.
He is the longest-serving governor in Texas history and, at the time he left office, had held office longer than every other then-current U.S. governor except Terry Branstad of Iowa.
A proclaimed proponent of fiscal conservatism, Perry often campaigned on job growth and tax issues, such as his opposition to creating a state income tax.
In 2002, Perry refused to promise not to raise taxes as governor, and in the following years did propose or approve various tax and debt increases.
Texas began borrowing money in 2003 to pay for roads and was projected to owe $17.3 billion by the end of 2012, increasing total state debt from $13.4 billion in 2001 to $37.8 billion in 2011.
The state's public finance authority sold $2 billion in bonds for unemployment benefits, and it was authorized to sell $1.5 billion more if necessary.
In 2003, Perry signed legislation that created the Texas Enterprise Fund, which has since given $435 million in grants to businesses.
His focus in Texas was on tort reform, signing a bill in 2003 that restricted non-economic damages in medical malpractice judgments.
Perry touted this approach in his presidential campaign, although independent analysts have concluded that it has failed to increase the supply of physicians or limit health-care costs in Texas.
During Perry's governorship, Texas rose from second to first among states with the highest proportion of uninsured residents at 26%, and had the lowest level of access to prenatal care in the U.S. Perry and the state legislature cut Medicaid spending.
In February 2007, Perry issued an executive order mandating that Texas girls receive the HPV vaccine, which protects against some strains of the human papilloma virus, a contributing factor to some forms of cervical cancer.
In May 2007, the Texas Legislature passed a bill undoing the order; Perry did not veto the bill, saying the veto would have been overruled, but blamed lawmakers who supported the bill for the deaths of future Texan cervical cancer victims.
He and his family were members of Tarrytown United Methodist Church in Austin until 2010, when they began attending Lake Hills Church, a non-denominational evangelical megachurch in western Travis County.
In 2006, Perry said he believed in the inerrancy of the Bible and that those who do not accept Jesus as their Savior will go to hell.
In June 2011, Perry proclaimed August6 as a Day of Prayer and Fasting, inviting other governors to join him in a prayer meeting hosted by the American Family Association in Houston.
Following a second rejection of Perry's bill, Perry asked John Sharp to head a task force charged with preparing a bipartisan education plan, which was subsequently adopted.
In 2001, Perry expressed his pride in the enactment of the statute extending in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants who meet Texas' residency requirements.
It also required the undocumented students to pledge to apply for permanent residency or citizenship if this became a possibility for them.
In 2011, after New York legalized same-sex marriage, Perry said it was their right to do so under the principle of states' rights in the Tenth Amendment.
A spokesman later reiterated Perry's support for a federal constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, saying that position was not inconsistent, since an amendment would require ratification by three-fourths of the states.
Perry, an Eagle Scout, has called on the Boy Scouts to continue their ban on homosexuality and blamed America for not living up to the ideals of the Scouts.
Cases in which Perry has been criticized for his lack of intervention include those of Cameron Todd Willingham and Mexican nationals José Medellín and Humberto Leal Garcia.
Perry commuted the death sentence of Kenneth Foster, who was convicted of murder despite evidence that he was only present at the scene of the crime.
Perry also refused to grant a stay of execution in the case of Cameron Todd Willingham even though an investigation by the Texas Forensic Science Commission determined parts of the original investigation may not have looked at all of the evidence correctly.
In 2002, Perry proposed the Trans-Texas Corridor, a $175 billion transportation network that would include a 4,000-mile network of highways, rail, and utility lines and would be funded by private investors.
The first charge of the indictment was abuse of official capacity, which has since been ruled unconstitutional, for threatening to veto $7.5 million in funding for the Public Integrity Unit, a state public corruption prosecutors department.
The second charge, which has also since been ruled unconstitutional, was coercion of a public servant, for seeking the resignation of Travis County District Attorney Rosemary Lehmberg, a Democrat, after she was convicted of drunk driving, and incarcerated.
Perry's supporters called the charges political and partisan, and several Democratic commentators, including David Axelrod, Matthew Yglesias, and Jonathan Chait stated they believed the charges were either weak or unwarranted.
However, Perry decided not to run for re-election to a fourth full term, announcing in front of family and supporters at the Holt Cat headquarters in San Antonio on July 8, 2013, that he would retire instead.
Perry retired with the 10th longest gubernatorial tenure in United States history at the end of his term on January 20, 2015 at days as well as the record of the longest serving Texas Governor.
Perry was considered as a potential candidate since as early as the 2008 presidential election, initially denying he was interested in the office but later becoming more open-minded.
While he was initially successful in fundraising and was briefly considered a serious contender for the nomination, he struggled during the debates and his poll numbers began to decline.
After finishing fifth with just over 10% of the vote in the Iowa caucuses on January 3, 2012, Perry considered dropping out of the presidential race but did not.
Perry withdrew on September 11, 2015—becoming the first in the field of major candidates to drop out—following poor polling after the first debate.
In the weeks before he dropped out of the race, Perry's campaign was in dire financial straits, spending nearly four times as much as it raised.
The nomination initially faced heavy criticism as Perry had called for the Department of Energy to be abolished during his 2012 presidential campaign.
His nomination was approved by a 16–7 vote from the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on January 31, 2017.
For one week in November 2018, it was reported that the U.S. had become a net exporter of oil, temporarily ending nearly 75 continuous years of dependence on foreign oil.
On October 17, 2019, Perry told Trump he would resign by the end of the year, ultimately departing at the beginning of December.
A little more than a month after Perry attended Zelenskiy’s May 2019 inauguration, Ukraine awarded the contract to Perry’s supporters after Perry recommended one to be Zelensky's energy adviser.
A July 25, 2019 telephone call between Trump and Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky led in September to a whistleblower complaint and an impeachment inquiry against Trump.
Two weeks after the inquiry was launched, Trump claimed in a conference call with Congressional Republican leaders that he had only made the telephone call at Perry's urging.
Perry's spokesperson said that Perry had suggested Trump discuss energy security with Zelensky, but energy was not mentioned in the publicly released memo about the conversations, which instead focused on Trump asking Zelensky to launch investigations into Joe Biden, Hunter Biden, Crowdstrike, and the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
Mulvaney had put Gordon Sondland, Kurt Volker, and Perry in charge of managing the Ukraine–United States relations instead of diplomats at the National Security Council and the US Department of State.
Perry was mentioned in October 2019 by former U.S. officials in relation to reports he planned to have Amos Hochstein replaced as a member of the board at Naftogaz with someone aligned with Republican interests.
In February 2015, Perry announced that he would join the board of directors of Energy Transfer Partners, which owns and operates one of the largest energy asset portfolios in the United States, and Sunoco Partners, another major Dallas energy company.
He has given a number of speeches, including one at the Heritage Foundation on his views of the proper role of the federal government and the military in disaster management.
She has spearheaded a number of health-related initiatives such as the Anita Thigpen Perry Endowment at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, which focuses on nutrition, cardiovascular disease, health education, and early childhood development.
Perry is a member of the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and was awarded its Gold Good Citizenship Medal.
The house of Fendi was launched in 1925 by Adele and Edoardo Fendi as a fur and leather shop in Via del Plebiscito, Rome.
Since 1946, the five sisters Paola, Anna, Franca, Carla and Alda joined the company in its second generation as a family-owned enterprise.
Karl Lagerfeld joined Fendi in 1965 and became the creative director of the luxury fashion label's fur and women's ready-to-wear collection (launched in 1977).
Silvia Venturini Fendi, daughter of Anna, joined the iconic fashion house in 1994 and is the creative director for accessories and men's lines.
Also in 2015, Fendi funded the restoration of the Trevi Fountain in Rome, and held the company’s 90th anniversary show over the fountain using a plexiglas floor.
It is located in the Yemeni Highlands, near the port city of Mocha on the Red Sea, lying at an elevation of about above sea level.
With a population of over 600,000 in 2005, it is the third largest city in Yemen after the capital Sana'a and the southern port city of Aden.
In 1175 CE, Taiz was made the capital of Yemen as it was incorporated into dominions of the Ayyubid dynasty by Turan-Shah.
Taiz remained a walled city until 1948, when Imam Ahmed made it the second capital of Yemen, allowing for expansion beyond its fortified wall.
During the Yemeni Revolution fighting in Taiz resulted in anti-government forces seizing control of the city from president Ali Abdullah Saleh.
As part of the 2015 Yemeni Civil War, on 22 March 2015, the Houthis and forces loyal to former president Ali Abdullah Saleh took the city in the aftermath of their coup d'état in Sana'a.
In August 2015 Yemeni MP Muhammad Muqbil Al-Himyari reported Houthi attacks on civilians in Taiz and appealed for help on Suhail TV (Yemen).
Also memorable are the old citadel and the governor's palace that rests on top of a mountain spur above the city centre.
Today, coffee remains a major part of the economy but mango, pomegranate, citrus, banana, papai, vegetables, cereals, onions, and qat are also grown in the surrounding landscape.
It is produced in rural areas like Araf, Awshaqh, Akhuz, Bargah, Barah, Jumah, Mukyas, Suayra, Kamb and Hajda and sold in al-Bab al-Kabeer and Bab Musa markets.
Like Sana'a Zoo, this zoo held fauna caught in the wild, such as the Arabian leopard, besides exotic animals such as African lions and gazelles.
The son of Reuben John and Diana Efford, he completed a business administration program and became the owner and operator of Efford’s Wholesale, Snow's Plumbing Ltd and the Della Lee retail clothing store.
Efford and his wife, Madonna, have three children: Jacqueline Ann, John III and Joseph Lee and three grandchildren: John Efford IV, Jenna Emily Suzanna Efford and Cali Jean Efford Fitzgerald.
He lost the 2001 leadership convention to become Liberal party leader to Roger Grimes by 14 votes in a divisive contest.
Efford was elected to the House of Commons in a by-election in May 2002 and was re-elected in the 2004 general election.
He has also served on the standing committees on Human Resources Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities and on Aboriginal Affairs, Northern Development and Natural Resources.
On September 1, 2005, after considerable speculation that he intended to resign his federal cabinet position due to ill-health, Efford announced, to much surprise, that he had no intention to resign.
He later stated on NTV that he would not run again in the 2006 federal election or run for the leadership of the Newfoundland Liberal Party.
He referenced a Telelink poll released that week by NTV, in which 11 percent of respondents said they would prefer Jones to lead the province.
Jones responded by saying Efford was an absolute nuisance to the Newfoundland and Labrador Liberal party, and another poll done in March showed that Jones' popularity was now up to 18% from the 11% that the February poll showed.
The Fourier transform of a function of time, s(t), is a complex-valued function of frequency, S(f), often referred to as a frequency spectrum.
Any linear time-invariant operation on s(t) produces a new spectrum of the form H(f)•S(f), which changes the relative magnitudes and/or angles (phase) of the non-zero values of S(f).
Any other type of operation creates new frequency components that may be referred to as spectral leakage in the broadest sense.
Leakage caused by a window function is most easily characterized by its effect on a sinusoidal s(t) function, whose unwindowed Fourier transform is zero for all but one frequency.
When both sampling and windowing are applied to s(t), in either order, the leakage caused by windowing is a relatively localized spreading of frequency components, with often a blurring effect, whereas the aliasing caused by sampling is a periodic repetition of the entire blurred spectrum.
Non-rectangular window functions actually increase the total leakage, but they can also redistribute it to places where it does the least harm, depending on the application.
Specifically, to different degrees they reduce the level of the spreading by increasing the high-level leakage in the near vicinity of the original component.
The value measured in bin k+10 and plotted on the spectrum graph is the response of that measurement to the imperfect (i.e.
And when the input is just white noise (energy at all frequencies), the value measured in bin k is the sum of its responses to a continuum of frequencies.
Originally a fishing village, from the 19th century, the economy of the area became more reliant on a growing tourism industry.
Crosshaven was originally a Viking settlement, part of what was known as the 'Ostman's Tancred', after Cork city became a fortified English stronghold.
Nearby coastal artillery and military forts, Fort Templebreedy and Camden Fort Meagher were British outposts until the Treaty Ports installations were relinquished in 1938.
Originally a fishing village, in the late 19th and into the 20th century, tourism became important to the town, which has 5 beaches within a 2-mile radius.
The area saw an increase in 'holiday homes' in the mid-20th century, accommodating families from Cork city who stayed locally in the summer months - some of these temporary cabins were initially built using very large packing crates from the Ford factory in Cork.
In the 1970s and 1980s, environmental concerns came to the fore as a large industrial estate was built across the river in Ringaskiddy.
The club was established at the Cove of Cork (now Cobh) in 1720 and holds the title of the oldest in the world, according to the Guinness Book of World Records.
The biennial Regatta of Cork Week (formerly Ford Cork Week due to the sponsorship of the Ford Motor Company) draws many competitors and upwards of 15 thousand spectators to each competition.
Crosshaven RFC (Rugby Union Football Club) was founded in 1972, and has two pitches, an all-weather pitch and a gym located at Myrtleville Cross in Crosshaven.
The town is situated on the R612 regional road, and served by a single bus from Cork city centre via Carrigaline.
Crosshaven railway station was the southern terminus of the Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway (which originally opened in 1850, but only extended south of Passage West at the start of the 20th century).
Notable residents have included the father of Bob Geldof, who was manager of the local Grand Hotel for a time, and Chelsea FC's all-time 2nd greatest scorer, Bobby Tambling.
While its exact function and importance in the physiology of the brain are still not entirely clear, it has been demonstrated in humans that surgical transection – the cutting of the fornix along its body – can cause memory loss.
There is some debate over what type of memory is affected by this damage, but it has been found to most closely correlate with recall memory rather than recognition memory.
This means that damage to the fornix can cause difficulty in recalling long-term information such as details of past events, but it has little effect on the ability to recognize objects or familiar situations.
The lower edge of the septum pellucidum (the membrane that separates the lateral ventricles) is attached to the upper face of the fornix body.
This lamina contains some commissural fibers that connect the two hippocampi across the middle line and constitute the commissure of fornix (also called the hippocampal commissure).
The columns (anterior pillars; fornicolumns) of the fornix arch downward in front of the interventricular foramina and behind the anterior commissure, and each descends through the grey matter in the lateral wall of the third ventricle to the base of the brain, where it ends in the mammillary bodies.
Diverging from one another, each curves around the posterior end of the thalamus, and passes downward and forward into the temporal horn of lateral ventricle.
Here, it lies along the concavity of the hippocampus, on the surface of which some of its fibers are spread out to form the alveus, while the remainder are continued as a narrow white band, the fimbria of hippocampus, which is prolonged into the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus.
It is known that the fornix is important in some aspects of memory, although there is an ongoing debate as to which in particular.
Fornix transection studies in macaques have shown that the monkeys were strongly impaired on object-in-scene learning, which is a type of recall memory, specifically episodic-like memory (integrating what+where, although not when).
Similar results were obtained from patients who had had their fornix transected inadvertently during a removal of colloid cysts from their third ventricles.
These patients were strongly impaired on general delayed recall tasks, specifically on the Doors and People test, implying an impairment of recall memory, albeit their recognition memory was somewhat impaired as well.
Gerald Byrne Sr. PC MHA (born September 27, 1966) is a Canadian politician who was a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1996 to 2015 representing Humber—St.
He served as Minister of Advanced Education, Skills and Labour, and currently serves as Minister of Fisheries and Land Resources in the Ball government.
Byrne has been a Member of Parliament since 1996 when he won a by-election in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to succeed Brian Tobin.
In the Liberal Party's 2006 leadership election, Byrne started out supporting Maurizio Bevilacqua, after Bevilacque drop out he supported Michael Ignatieff.
When Paul Martin became Prime Minister in 2003 Byrne was not assigned back to his former Cabinet post and was succeeded by Joe McGuire.
On January 25, 2010, Fisheries Minister, Gail Shea was pied while giving a speech at the Canada Centre for Inland Waters.
PETA has taken public responsibility for the incident, saying that it was part of a broader campaign against the Canadian Government's support of the seal hunt.
In response to the pieing of the Fisheries Minister, Byrne denounced the attack on the minister as an act of terrorism.
Byrne retired from federal politics at the 2015 election in order to run successfully provincially later that year becoming MHA for Corner Brook.
Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland ( – 9 October 1709), more often known by her maiden name Barbara Villiers or her title of Countess of Castlemaine, was an English royal mistress of the Villiers family and perhaps the most notorious of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England, by whom she had five children, all of them acknowledged and subsequently ennobled.
Born into the Villiers family as Barbara Villiers, in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster, Middlesex, she was the only child of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, a half-nephew of the 1st Duke of Buckingham, and of his wife Mary Bayning, co-heiress of Paul Bayning, 1st Viscount Bayning.
On 29 September 1643 her father died in the First English Civil War from a wound sustained on 26 July at the storming of Bristol, while leading a brigade of Cavaliers.
He had spent his considerable fortune on horses and ammunition for a regiment he raised himself; his widow and daughter were left in straitened circumstances.
Upon the execution of King Charles I in 1649, the impoverished Villiers family secretly transferred its loyalty to his son, Charles, Prince of Wales.
Every year on 29 May, the new King's birthday, young Barbara, along with her family, descended to the cellar of their home in total darkness and clandestinely drank to his health.
At that time, Charles was living in The Hague, supported at first by his brother-in-law, Prince William II of Orange, and later by his nephew, William III of Orange.
Tall, voluptuous, with masses of brunette hair, slanting, heavy-lidded violet eyes, alabaster skin, and a sensuous, sulky mouth, Barbara Villiers was considered to be one of the most beautiful of the Royalist women, but her lack of fortune left her with reduced marriage prospects.
Her first serious romance was with Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield, but he was searching for a rich wife; he wed Elizabeth Butler in 1660.
On 14 April 1659 she married Roger Palmer (later 1st Earl of Castlemaine) against his family's wishes; his father predicted that she would make him one of the most miserable men in the world.
They remained married until the death of Castlemaine, who predeceased Villiers, but it has been claimed that he did not father any of his wife's children.
Barbara Villiers became King Charles's mistress in 1660, while still married to Palmer, and while Charles was still in exile at The Hague.
In point of fact, she chose to give birth to their second child at Hampton Court Palace while he and the queen were honeymooning.
In the summer of 1662 she was appointed Lady of the Bedchamber despite opposition from Queen Catherine and Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, chief advisor to the King and a bitter enemy of Lady Castlemaine.
On his dismissal in August 1667, Lady Castlemaine publicly mocked him; Clarendon gently reminded her that if she lived, one day she too would be old.
His dislike of her probably sprang from the fact that she was his cousin by marriage, and he felt personally embarrassed by her role as royal mistress.
Her victory in being appointed as Lady of the Bedchamber was followed by rumours of an estrangement between her and the King, the result of his infatuation with Frances Stuart.
Some believe it was an attempt to consolidate her position with the King, and some believe it was a way of strengthening her ties with her Catholic husband.
The Court was equally flippant, the general view being that the Church of Rome had gained nothing by her conversion, and the Church of England had lost nothing.
However, no one at court was sure if this was an indication that she was being jettisoned by Charles, or whether this was a sign that she was even higher in his favours.
The dukedom was made with a special remainder which allowed it to be passed to her eldest son, Charles FitzRoy, despite his illegitimacy.
She also meddled in politics, supporting the Second Dutch War (declared in February 1665), along with most of the court and Parliament.
But there are accounts of exceptional kindness from Lady Castlemaine; once, after a scaffold had fallen onto a crowd of people at the theatre, she rushed to assist an injured child, and was the only court lady to have done so.
While the King had taken other mistresses, the most notable being the actress Nell Gwynne, the Duchess of Cleveland took other lovers too, including the acrobat Jacob Hall, Henry Jermyn, 1st Baron Dover and her second cousin John Churchill.
The King, who was no longer troubled by the Duchess's infidelity, was much amused when he heard about the annuity, saying that after all a young man must have something to live on.
She was reconciled with the King, who was seen enjoying an evening in her company a week before he died in February 1685.
After his death, the 45-year-old Duchess began an affair with Cardonell Goodman, an actor of terrible reputation, and in March 1686 she gave birth to his child, a son.
In 1705 Roger Palmer died, and she married Major-General Robert Fielding, an unscrupulous fortune-hunter whom she later had prosecuted for bigamy, after she discovered that he had married Mary Wadsworth, in the mistaken belief that she was an heiress, just two weeks before he married Barbara.
Barbara died at the age of 68 on 9 October 1709 at Chiswick Mall after suffering from oedema, known at the time as dropsy.
Married since 1967, Herbert and his wife, Jan Herbert, have three daughters named Julie, Kim, and Margaux Beverly (named after Herbert's mother, Beverly Ann Stuart-Herbert).
Herbert also has an elder half-sister, Penny; their younger brother, LGBT rights activist and photographer Bruce Calvin Herbert, died of AIDS in 1993.
An Irish-American girl from Boston spends two hellish weeks in Northern Ireland, after she has been persuaded to help the Irish Republican Army.
Born in L'Anse-au-Loup, Labrador, Newfoundland, O’Brien was an adult education instructor, a public servant, a teacher, and from 1985 to 1996, and a town councillor in Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland.
After his loss in that race, he entered, and won, the federal Liberal nomination for the by-election in the riding of Labrador, vacated by the appointment of Bill Rompkey to the Senate.
O'Brien was elected in the federal by-election on March 25, 1996, and re-elected in the general elections of 1997, 2000, and 2004.
From its publication, its portrayal of the composer and his views was controversial: the Shostakovich of the book was sometimes critical of fellow composers, and most notably was strongly anti-Soviet in his views.
The book also contained comments on his own music, indicating that it was intended as veiled criticism of the Soviet authorities and support for the dissident movement.
Volkov said that Shostakovich dictated the material in the book at a series of meetings with him between 1971 and 1974.
Volkov took notes at each meeting, transcribed and edited the material, and presented it to the composer at their next meeting.
Unfortunately it is difficult without access to Volkov's original notes (claimed to be lost) to ascertain where Shostakovich possibly ends and Volkov possibly begins.
Harper and Row made several changes to the published version, and illicitly circulating typescripts reflect various intermediate stages of the editorial process.
Dmitry Feofanov stated at the local meeting of the American Musicological Society in 1997 how publishing contracts customarily vest copyright and publication rights in a publisher, and not an author.
Assuming Volkov signed a standard contract, he would have no say whatsoever in whether an edition in this or that language appears; such decisions would be made by his publisher.
That was why a group of anonymous Russian translators had translated the book from English into Russian and published it in network in 2009.
But people of different countries have a possibility to read it in their own languages and to have their own opinion.
She found that passages at the beginning of eight of the chapters duplicate almost verbatim material from articles published as Shostakovich's between 1932 and 1974.
From the typescripts available to her, the only pages signed by Shostakovich consist entirely of this material verbatim and down to the punctuation.
Quotations break off one word past each page break and then significantly change in tone and character (more readily apparent in the unpublished Russian).
Critics of the book suggest Volkov persuaded Shostakovich to sign each page containing the composer's own material, before attaching fabricated material of Volkov's own.
This claim could be investigated by studying the paper leaves of the original typescript, but Volkov has strictly prohibited such an investigation.
In particular, he signed the first page of the book, which contains unrecycled and controversial material, as well the first page of the third chapter.
Such things as blacked out passages, passages pasted over, and passages covered by correction tape in the circulated and photocopied typescripts could be reconstructed or investigated by an examination of the original typescript, which has been strictly prohibited by the author.
His ill-health at the time meant that she rarely left him, so that she would have known about any other meetings.
In 1979, a letter condemning the book was signed by six of the composer's acquaintances: Veniamin Basner, Kara Karayev, Yury Levitin, Karen Khachaturian, Boris Tishchenko and Mieczysław Weinberg.
Initially, the book was also criticised by the composer's son, Maxim, but later he and his sister Galina have become supporters of Volkov.
Supporters of the book discount the statements of those who were still in the USSR at the time as extorted or fabricated.
They point to endorsements of the book by emigres and after the fall of the USSR, including Maxim and Galina Shostakovich.
However, endorsing the factuality of the book does not necessarily mean endorsing it as what it claims to be, i.e., the authenticated memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich.
Others who endorse the book are not necessarily even aware of the questions about Shostakovich's signatures raised by Laurel Fay (see above, Recycled material) and therefore their competence in judging the book's authenticity as Shostakovich's memoirs (as opposed to its factual authenticity) is in question.
None of the five composers who were still living in the 1990s has disassociated himself from the condemnation after the fall of the USSR.
They point to the fact that Volkov is known to have met with Shostakovich, and that he could have obtained further accurate information from other of the composer's acquaintances.
Girraween is located 30 km West of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Cumberland Council and is not part of the Greater Western Sydney region.
This area was part of the estate of D'Arcy Wentworth, who was honoured in the naming of the nearby suburb of Wentworthville.
Less than half (37.9%) of people were born in Australia, with the top other countries of birth being India 26.9%, Sri Lanka 10.6%, Malta 2.5%, Philippines and China 2.2%.
Just under half (44.6%) of people were born in Australia, with the top other countries of birth being India 15.8%, Sri Lanka 9.8% and Malta 3.6%.
She was named for Ensign Kay K. Vesole USN (1913–1943), killed in action during an air raid at Bari, Italy on 2 December 1943, and posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.
The STANAVFORLANT squadron incorporated American, Norwegian, Dutch, and British ships, as well as West German, Portuguese, and Canadian ships for a period.
The ship embarked Robert Strausz-Hupé, the American Ambassador to Ceylon and accredited to the Maldives for that nation’s fifth anniversary of independence.
The ship was launched on 20 January 1945 and was christened by Mrs. Theodore S. Wilkinson, wife of Vice Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson.
Later, the ship steamed to Casco Bay, Maine where she operated with a task force to assigned to develop defenses against kamikaze attacks.
Upon completion, the destroyer returned to Boston Navy Yard again where the ship was painted to participate in a Presidential Review of the Fleet in New York City on Navy Day 1945.
Once in Guam, she joined the WESPAC Strike Force, Task Force 77, consisting of the aircraft carriers and , the heavy cruiser , the light cruisers and , and the rest of the destroyer division which included the and three other destroyers.
After the rest of the task force joined up, they steamed to Tsingtao, China, with an overnight stay in Buckner Bay, Okinawa.
She departed early January 1947 and later transited the Panama Canal to return to Norfolk and then Newport, Rhode Island before beginning East Coast operations.
On 24 November President Kennedy declared the quarantine successful, and ordered the quarantine line disbanded after the Soviet MRBM's were dismantled and removed from Cuba.
Between April 24, 1965, and September 3, 1965, she served on a peacekeeping mission off Santo Domingo as American troops were landed to prevent political chaos and subversion.
When maintenance was complete, the crew would return from leave and the ship would spend a period of time undergoing tests or exercises near port.
When exercises were finished, the ship would receive their orders and then return to sea for a new tour of duty.
The remainder of the year was spent conducting local exercises, including an extensive evaluation of her two advanced QH-50 DASH helicopter drones.
On arrival, she was immediately assigned to provide needed gunfire support off the Vietnamese coast as she alternated duty with the carriers on Yankee Station.
Steaming generally in pairs, the two to four American and Australian destroyers and one cruiser worked with carrier-based spotter planes, such as the Douglas A-1 Skyraider and Grumman S-2 Tracker, to find, identify, and destroy infiltrating vessels and shore targets.
Although it was reported that life aboard Sea Dragon destroyers proved stressful and tiring, morale consistently remained high because of the operation's effectiveness.
She was part of Spain's battle to suppress piracy and smuggling, which were very serious threats from opponents of the new free Spanish government.
In 1992, she was stricken and broken up for scrap by Spain after a marathon 47 years of service on the Earth's oceans, having protected two democracies and visited every sea at least once.
However, when the Green Bay and Western Railroad built a line in the river valley, the city developed along the line.
The racial makeup of the city was 73.4% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 22.8% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races.
There were 1,114 households of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.7% were non-families.
32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
26.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.7% were from 25 to 44; 20.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older.
The racial makeup of the city was 97.92% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.96% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races.
There were 1,038 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families.
35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
In the city, the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older.
About 6.0% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.
It is also the home of a poultry plant, formerly called Arcadia Fryers chicken processing corporation, bought in 1993 by Gold'n Plump Inc. and recently Gold'n Plump Inc got bought by Pilgrim's Pride as of November 2016.
Haematoxylum campechianum (blackwood, bloodwood tree, bluewood, campeachy tree, campeachy wood, campeche logwood, campeche wood, Jamaica wood, logwood or logwood tree) is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to southern Mexico and northern Central America.
The tree was of great economic importance from the 17th century to the 19th century, when it was commonly logged and exported to Europe for use in dyeing fabrics.
In a small demonstrative experiment, if two drops, one of concentrated ammonia and one of logwood extract, are placed close enough, the NH vapours will change the color of the extract to a purple shade.
Spain claimed all of Central and South America as its sovereign territory through the 17th and 18th centuries; despite this, English, Dutch, and French sailors recognized the value of logwood and set up camps to cut and collect the trees for shipment back to Europe.
Spain periodically sent privateers to capture the logwood cutters – for example, Juan Corso's 1680 cruise – sometimes in retaliation for buccaneer raids on Spanish cities.
Logwood cutters, now out of work, frequently joined onto pirate and buccaneer crews to raid the Spanish in return, as Edmund Cooke did after losing two logwood-hauling ships to the Spanish.
When Spanish forces ejected a great many logwood cutters in 1715, they flocked to Nassau and swelled the already-considerable numbers of pirates gathering there.
By the mid-1720s logwood cutters had themselves become targets of pirates such Francis Spriggs, Edward Low, and George Lowther; pirate captains Samuel Bellamy and Blackbeard went further, turning captured logwood-hauling sloops into pirate vessels.
John Cadbury (12 August 1801 – 11 May 1889) was an English proprietor and founder of Cadbury, the chocolate business based in Birmingham, England.
As a Quaker in the early 19th century, he was not allowed to enter a university, so could not pursue a profession such as medicine or law.
So, like many other Quakers of the time, he turned his energies toward business and began a campaign against animal cruelty, forming the Animals Friend Society, a forebear of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
Two years later, in 1850, the Cadbury brothers pulled out of the retail business, leaving it in the hands of John's son, Richard Barrow Cadbury (Barrow's remained a leading Birmingham store until the 1960s).
In 1832 he married his second wife, Candia Barrow (1805–1855) and had seven children: John (1834–1866), Richard (1835–1899), Maria (1838–1908), George (1839–1922), Joseph (1841–1841), Edward (1843–1866), and Henry (1845–1875).
John retired in 1861 due to the death of his wife, and his sons Richard and George succeeded him in the business.
In 1879 they relocated to an area of what was then north Worcestershire, on the borders of the parishes of Northfield and King's Norton centred on the Georgian-built Bournbrook Hall, where they developed the garden village of Bournville; now a major suburb of Birmingham.
The district around the factory has been dry for over 100 years, with no alcohol being sold in pubs, bars or shops.
Residents have fought to maintain this, winning a court battle in March 2007 with Britain's biggest supermarket chain Tesco, to prevent it selling alcohol in its local outlet.
It was the biggest British attack of 1915, the first time that the British used poison gas and the first mass engagement of New Army units.
The French and British tried to break through the German defences in Artois and Champagne and restore a war of movement.
Despite improved methods, more ammunition and better equipment, the Franco-British attacks were contained by the German armies, except for local losses of ground.
The battle was the British part of the Third Battle of Artois, an Anglo-French offensive (known to the Germans as the (Autumn Battle).
Field Marshal Sir John French and Douglas Haig (GOC First Army), regarded the ground south of La Bassée Canal, which was overlooked by German-held slag heaps and colliery towers, as unsuitable for an attack, particularly given the discovery in July that the Germans were building a second defensive position behind the front position.
At the Frévent Conference on 27 July, Field Marshal French failed to persuade Ferdinand Foch that an attack further north offered greater prospects for success.
The debate continued into August, with Joffre siding with Foch and the British commanders being over-ruled by Herbert Kitchener, the British Secretary of State for War, on 21 August.
At a conference on 6 September, Haig announced to his subordinates that extensive use of chlorine gas might facilitate an advance on a line towards Douai and Valenciennes, despite the terrain, as long as the French and British were able to keep the attack secret.
The battle was the third time that specialist Royal Engineer tunnelling companies were used to dig under no-man's-land, to plant mines under the parapets of the German front line trenches, ready to be detonated at zero hour.
French decided to keep a reserve consisting of the Cavalry Corps, the Indian Cavalry Corps and XI Corps (Lieutenant-General Richard Haking), which consisted of the Guards Division and the New Army 21st Division and 24th Division, recently arrived in France and a corps staff (some of whom had never worked together or served on a staff before).
Archibald Murray, the Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff (DCIGS) advised French that as troops fresh from training, they were suited for the long marches of an exploitation rather than for trench warfare.
Haig and Foch, commander of the (Northern Army Group), wanted the reserves closer, to exploit a breakthrough on the first day; French agreed to move them nearer to the front but still thought they should not be committed until the second day.
Haig was hampered by the shortage of artillery ammunition, which meant the preliminary bombardment, essential for success in trench warfare, was insufficient.
Prior to the British attack, about of chlorine gas was released with mixed results; in places the gas was blown back onto British trenches, while in others it caused the Germans considerable difficulty.
Due to the inefficiency of contemporary gas masks, many soldiers removed them as they could not see through the fogged-up eyepieces or could barely breathe with them on, which led to some being affected by their own gas.
Wanting to be closer to the battle, French had moved to a forward command post at Lilliers, less than behind the First Army front.
The British were able to break through the weaker German defences and capture the village of Loos-en-Gohelle, mainly due to numerical superiority.
French visited Haig from and agreed that Haig could have the reserve but rather than using the telephone he drove to Haking's headquarters and gave the order at Haig then heard from Haking at that the reserves were moving forward.
A lull fell on 28 September, with the British having retreated to their starting positions, having lost over including three major-generals.
As the British were short of artillery ammunition, the RFC flew target identification sorties prior to the battle, to ensure that shells were not wasted.
During the first few days of the attack, target-marking squadrons equipped with better wireless transmitters, helped to direct British artillery onto German targets.
French had already been criticised before the battle and lost his remaining support in the government and army due to the British failure and a belief that he handled poorly the reserve divisions.
British casualties in the main attack were they suffered in the subsidiary attack, a total of from the casualties on the Western Front in 1915.
James Edmonds, the British official historian, gave German losses in the period as of on the Western Front during the autumn offensives in Artois and Champagne.
On 8 October, the Germans attempted to recapture much of the remaining lost ground by attacking with five regiments around Loos and against part of the 7th Division on the left flank.
Foggy weather inhibited observation, the artillery preparation was inadequate and the British and French defenders were well prepared behind intact wire.
The German attack was repulsed with but managed to disrupt British attack preparations, causing a delay until the night of The British made a final attack on 13 October, which failed due to a lack of hand grenades.
Haig thought it might be possible to launch another attack on 7 November but the combination of heavy rain and accurate German shelling during the second half of October persuaded him to abandon the attempt.
The establishment of LexCorp by Lex Luthor is a stark departure from earlier portrayals of the company's founder, transitioning the character from a warlord and would-be dictator into a power-mad business magnate.
LexCorp was founded primarily to serve as a front to Lex Luthor's criminal enterprise while simultaneously being a symbol of Luthor's victory over Superman, as Luthor values defeating the Superman over financial gain (illustrated by abandoning a hollow victory after plundering Fort Knox).
Luthor intends to convert LexCorp into a legitimate operation after his retirement from crime, and in the future it is shown being a highly successful non-criminal enterprise, to Superman's pleasure.
LexCorp was originally organized as an aerospace engineering firm started in the top floor offices of the Daily Planet building in Metropolis, and has since become one of the world's largest, most diversified multinational conglomerates.
LexCorp grew rapidly into a diverse international conglomerate with interests in utilities, waste management, industrial manufacturing, computer hardware and software, chemicals, retail, bio-engineering, weapons, pharmaceuticals, oil, communications, airlines, real estate, hotels, restaurants, technology, media, financial services, robotics, security, transportation, satellites, stock brokerage houses, cash businesses, and food.
By the timeframe of the Alliance Invasion it was estimated that LexCorp either directly or indirectly employed nearly two-thirds of Metropolis' population of 11 million people, dominating commerce around much of the world.
Among those many subsidiaries are such diverse businesses as Advanced Research Laboratories, Secur-Corp Armored Car Service, North American Robotics, Hell's Gate Disposal Services, and the Good Foods Group, owners of Ralli's Family Restaurants and the Koul-Brau Breweries.
When CEO Lex Luthor was elected President of the United States, Talia al Ghul took over the company, who donated a large portion of its profits to the Wayne Foundation during Superman and Batman's year-long absences.
Following his dismissal as president he fired her and took back his place, though she secretly kept a portion of stock.
Lana Lang was dismissed from her post due to a contractual clause in all LexCorp employment charters forbidding aiding Superman in any way, after she attempted to use a LexCorp security unit to aid Superman in a battle against Atlas.
A kouros (, , plural kouroi) is the modern term given to free-standing ancient Greek sculptures that first appear in the Archaic period in Greece and represent nude male youths.
Such statues are found across the Greek-speaking world; the preponderance of these were found in sanctuaries of Apollo with more than one hundred from the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoion, Boeotia, alone.
It was previously thought that it was used only to represent the god Apollo, as attested by its depiction on a vase painting in the presence of supplicants.
Indeed, some kouroi placed in sanctuaries were not inscribed with the name of the god but with a mortal, for example the 'Delphi Twins' Kleobis and Biton were honoured for their piety with matching kouroi.
A direct influence between Egyptian sculptures (in particular the figure of Horus) and the kouros type has long been conjectured, not least because of trade and cultural relations that are known to have existed since the mid-seventh century BCE.
A 1978 study by Eleanor Guralnick applied stereophotogrammetric measurement and cluster analysis to a number of Greek and Egyptian statues and found the correlation between the Second Canon of the 26th Dynasty and Greek kouroi to be widely distributed but not universal.
The problem of the evolution of the kouros type is inevitably linked to that of the overall development of monumental Archaic Greek sculpture.
There are fundamentally two schools of thought on how those Daedalic forms, some of which we know of only from the literature (kolossos, bretas, andrias and xoanon), became the free-standing sculpture in around the 6th century; namely, that it was a response to the internal development of Greek types and religious needs or a product of foreign influence.
For an external cause for change, possible sources of influence have been cited, such as Egypt, Anatolia and Syria, with the strongest case made for Egypt.
It is known that the Greeks had longstanding trade relations with Egypt prior to the founding of the Greek entrepôt of Naukratis in the mid-7th century, where the Greeks could have learned Egyptian sculpting methods.
The work of Guralnick along with the previous studies by Erik Iversen and Kim Levin have added considerably to the argument for an imitation by Greek sculptors of Egyptian sculpture.
The system of proportion in the second Egyptian canon of the Saite period consisted of a grid of twenty-one and one-fourth parts, with twenty-one squares from the soles of the feet to a line drawn through the centre of the eyes.
The grid was applied to the surface of the block being carved, allowing the major anatomical features to be located at fixed grid points.
It was Guralnick, however, who developed this discovery by comparing other kouroi by means of cluster and Z-score profile analysis to the Egyptian Canon II and a control group composed of statistically average Mediterranean men.
As a result, she has identified two strains within methods of proportioning in sixth century kouroi, where the majority follow the general line of evolution from the foreign model towards an idealized human norm.
Taking from the style of Egyptian figures, Greek kouroi often have their left leg extended forward as though walking; however, the figurine looks as though it could be either standing still or taking a long stride.
A small number of early kouroi are belted around their waists, a practice that died out at the turn of the sixth century.
Such belts have traditionally been assumed to be an abbreviated symbol of a more complex costume, however fully clothed contemporary figures also exist, suggesting that it was not just a sculptor's shorthand for clothing but a signifier in itself.
Again this may have represented athletic or heroic nudity – immortalising the youth as he appeared in the palaestra, but no examples have been found at Olympia nor do they bear any allusion to athletic equipment.
Ptoion, kouroi have been found dedicated at the sanctuaries of Hera at Samos, and of Athena and Poseidon at Sounion, so the contention that they depict Apollo is at the very least problematic.
However, the majority are from Apollonian sites and dedicated to that god, which has led Ridgway to suggest that the early, belted form of the kouros-type statue was introduced in the late seventh century as a replacement for the colossal representation of Apollo.
Over time, the votive and funerary functions of the sculpture became divorced whilst its attributes were shed and its form became more generic until, in the late sixth century, it could serve a number of uses depending on context and location.
The earliest extant examples may be the two life-sized marble figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos dating from the second or third quarter of the seventh century.
The canonical form of the kouros persists until the beginning of the classical period, by which time artists had achieved a high degree of anatomical verisimilitude, if not naturalism, as can be observed on such transitional works as the Kritios Boy, c. 480 BC.
Consequently, the development of the kouros type as we now understand it is based on the relative chronology delineated by Gisela Richter.
She distinguishes six groups by their common anatomical features, with particular reference to the major muscle groups as illustrated in the écorchés to the right.
C. 615–590 BC: the dates of this period are tentative, roughly late seventh-early sixth century, which Richter infers from the duration of development necessary for the previous generations from the more securely dated Tenea-Volomandra group.
Additionally she notes a similarity of sculpture from this time to early Athenian pottery, particularly the Nessos amphora and the human figures on the Horse amphorae.
She also detects a resemblance between the New York-Sounion kouroi and an early Corinthian pyxis of the last quarter of the seventh century.
Notable works of the time include the New York kouros (Met 32.11.1), Dermys and Kittylos (NAMA 56), Delphi Twins (Delphi Mus.
The conception of form in this period is abstract and geometrical, emphasis is on architectural shape and the interrelation of parts which favoured expressive pattern over realism.
Figures display the four faces of the block from which they are carved, their form is cubic with details incised, and their anatomy is only partially understood.
The torso is four-sided and flat, the back is higher than chest with the vertebral column expressed as a straight line.
C. 590–570 BC: this period witnesses a lull in Attica with perhaps only two identifiable works from the beginning of the era until the second quarter of century (NAMA 3858 and 4181), this might be due to the Solonic reforms and their restriction on the extravagance of private funerals.
Activity is more vigorous in Boeotia, especially those from the Ptoan sanctuary and the Orchomenos kouros (NAMA 9), early work there is probably native.
Also Corinth, Actium produces one of the best examples of the period (Louvre MNB 767), detailing still of in the form of grooves and ridges but there is the beginning of modeling in the full roundness of natural form.
One of the more accomplished products of the time is the Thera kouros (NAMA 8), softer and less muscular in modeling it is more Ionian than Dorian though Thera was a Dorian colony.
We may deduce the chronology of this period only if the dates for the Sounion and Volodmera groups are correct since there is no external evidence for the dates of this style; however, we can usefully compare the heads on vase painting of middle Corinthian 600-575 which share the same stolid expression, flat skull, large eyes and horizontal mouth.
The slight protrusions of flanks are sometimes prolonged into a girdle-like ridge, the sculptor occasionally marks the anterior spine of the crest.
C. 575–550 BC: named after an Attic kouros found at Volomandra (NAMA 1906) and a Corinthian specimen from Tenea (Munich 168) this period marks the flowering of the Middle Archaic, and these kouroi are contemporary with such works as the Berlin Standing Kore, the Moschophoros and the Bluebeard Pediment.
There is a tension observable in this group between the solid, architectonic quality of early styles and the expressive possibilities of a vigorous, fluid naturalism .
On the median line a groove along sternum is generally replaced by modelled shapes and only the linea alba is marked by only a groove.
The absolute chronology of this period is provided by the dedication of Rhombos on the Moschophoros, which may belong to the same time as a decree referring to the Panathenaia of 566.
Additionally the terracotta kneeling boy found in a well in the Agora and dated by its black-figure pottery sherd stratum to circa 550 shares the flat almond eyes, absence of the trapezium and pointed arch of the lower thorax that characterizes the late Tenea-Volomandra, furnishing us with a tentative lower boundary for the style.
The anterior part of the helix, which is directed backwards (crus helicis), is often prominent, and joined with the upper end of tragus.
The date of this group is conjectured on the basis that one generation would be required for the development of the Melos group style prior to the more securely dated Anavysos-Ptoon style.
However Richter argues there may be some relationship to other contemporary Greek art works, namely: the figures on Late Corinthian pottery circa 550 BC.
exhibit the same degree of naturalism, and the archaic column sculptures from the Temple of Artemis Ephesos, thought to have been supplied by Croesus of Lydia, share some anatomical features.
Of the important works that come done to us there is the colossal kouros from Megera (NAMA 13), a transitional early piece from Boeotia (Thebes 3) and an early Parian example (Louvre MND 888).
C. 540–520 BC: this is the era of the Peisistratos dynasty and marks the assumption of Athens as the centre of artistic activity in Greece.
Their attachment to sternum and clavicles is often not indicated, this results in a continuous hollow groove or run above the clavicle.
The characteristics of this group can be observed on the Siphnian Treasury which is dated on external evidence before 525 BC, therefore allowing time for the maturation of the style we can date the beginning of this group to, roughly, a generation prior.
The island of Keos supplies us with one of the best examples of the time (NAMA 3686), notable for its advanced rendering of the back where the greatest protrusion of the back is level with that of the chest.
Keos was likely under the cultural influence of Athens at this time and this kouros is comparable to and chronologically close to the Anavyssos kouros and akropolis head.
C. 520–485 BC: the last stage in the development of the kouros type is the period in which the Greek sculptor attained a full knowledge of human anatomy and used it to create a harmonious, proportionate whole.
The lower boundary of abdomen assumes shape of semicircle, and the upper edge of torso with two concave curves becomes regular in form.
This period is framed by the stasis of the Peisistratid era and the beginning of Athenian democracy and the Persian war.
Architecturally earlier than the Hekatompedon of Athens the Delphi temple has a probable date of c.520, thus the kouroi of its pediment which betray the swelling trapezium and semicircular lower boundary of the abdomen can be associated with later examples of the group.
Yet these same youths have a grooved, narrow lower boundary to the thorax and their flanks are level, suggesting that they are early specimens of the style.
Richter names this group after the kouros Ptoon 20, NAMA 20, which is likely a Boeotian work dedicated by Pythias of Akraiphia and Aischrion to Apollo of the silver bow.
This along with the torso form Eutresis (Thebes 7) indicate a vigorous Boeotian school of sculpture which may have existed to serve the Ptoan sanctuary.
Important late kouroi from Athens include the Aristodikos kouros (Ptoon 20 group, NAMA 3938), an akropolis statuette (NAMA 6445) and the bronze Apollo from Piraeus.
The denomination 650 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
The racial makeup of the city was 77.8% White, 0.2% African American, 14.8% Native American, 1.0% Asian, and 6.2% from two or more races.
There were 261 households of which 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.2% were non-families.
44.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
15.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 26.9% were 65 years of age or older.
The racial makeup of the city was 76.92% White, 0.65% Black or African American, 15.22% Native American, 1.31% from other races, and 5.89% from two or more races.
There were 289 households out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 41.9% were non-families.
35.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
In the city, the population was spread out with 20.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 33.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older.
About 10.5% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.
Nearby is the 950 seat all-canvas tent theater known as Big Top Chautauqua which during its summer season has hosted such entertainers as Willie Nelson and Lyle Lovett.
Popular summertime events include Bayfield Race Week regatta, held during the week of the 4th of July and the Festival of Arts and Gallery Tour, which takes place the third weekend of July.
The city is located mostly within the Town of Berlin in Green Lake County, with a small portion extending into the Town of Aurora in Waushara County.
It has been said that this was in reaction to the anti-German sentiment that swept across the United States during World War I, and that the accent was previously on the second syllable.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
The racial makeup of the city was 93.4% White, 0.5% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 3.6% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races.
There were 2,296 households of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.0% were non-families.
32.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 16.4% were 65 years of age or older.
The racial makeup of the city was 95.70% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.47% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races.
There were 2,170 households out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families.
30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
In the city, the population was spread out with 25.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older.
About 3.6% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races.
There were 1,562 households of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families.
34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
23.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 19% were 65 years of age or older.
The racial makeup of the city was 99.13% White, 0.06% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races.
There were 1,424 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families.
32.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
In the city, the population was spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older.
She was named for Commander Bruce L. Harwood USN (1910–1944) who was twice awarded the Navy Cross, and killed in action during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
In addition to aiding in the occupation of Japan, the destroyer also participated in fleet and anti-submarine (ASW) exercises before returning to San Diego 21 February 1947.
Harwood entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard after a second Western Pacific cruise in January 1949 to be equipped with the latest antisubmarine equipment.
Redesignated DDE-861 on 4 March 1950, the escort destroyer reported to her new home port, Naval Station Newport, Rhode Island, on 11 September 1949 to participate in research on cold weather ASW operations as well as fleet and training exercises.
Her bridge was totally reconstructed, new types of torpedo tubes were installed, and the 76 mm antiaircraft guns were removed to accommodate a hangar and launching deck for Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH anti-submarine drones.
She transited the Straits of Gibraltar on the 22d for intense periods of anti-aircraft, anti-submarine, and binary chemical weapon exercises in the Mediterranean Sea.
Returning home 23 December, the destroyer operated along the East Coast of the United States until getting under way 31 March 1964 for a brief visit to Brazil.
She operated along the coast of the United States' southern states until departing Mayport on 22 July 1966 for the Mediterranean deployment.
On this tour she transited the Suez Canal and visited Aden and Kenya before rejoining the 6th Fleet in the Medediterranean Sea on 2 November 1965.
The ship was sunk in error by Turkish Lockheed F-104 Starfighter aircraft on 22 July 1974, mistaking it for a Greek vessel during Turkish landings on Cyprus (some publications claim 21 July 1974).
It flows north, through Castlewood Canyon State Park where it is spanned by the historic Cherry Creek Bridge, past Parker and through portions of Centennial and Aurora, and into southeast Denver.
It flows northwest through Denver, becoming an urban stream and joining the South Platte River at Confluence Park in central Denver just west of downtown and approximately east of the foothills, near the site where the city of Denver was founded in 1858.
The Cherry Creek Dam, completed in 1950, forms Cherry Creek Reservoir in Cherry Creek State Park, providing flood control and irrigation.
The dam lies immediately southeast and southwest of the Denver and Aurora city limits, respectively, approximately , as the crow flies, from the creek's confluence with the South Platte.
The creek lends its name to the Cherry Creek neighborhood in south-central Denver, and also in particular to its Cherry Creek Shopping Center.
The Cherry Creek Bike Path follows the creek from Confluence Park in downtown Denver through Cherry Creek State Park and south towards Parker and Castlewood Canyon.
Speer Boulevard, running along Cherry Creek, is part of Denver's parks and parkway system, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The creek is also home to a large population of small fish (Including immature trout and sunfish, crappie, yellow perch and others).
Large fish are largely absent, except when the Cherry Creek Dam is partially opened and floodwaters carry fish such as rainbow trout, brown trout, mature sunfish, walleye, and even northern pike downstream.
The area around the creek is also known for its snake population, which includes garter snakes, western hognose snakes, bullsnakes and occasionally rattlesnakes.
For some of its distance, notably in the region of Four Mile Historical Park, the creek is flanked on each side by approximately of woods and scrub.
This corridor is one of the few places within the Denver metro area where the creek's namesake plant, the chokecherry, can still be seen in a largely wild state.
Despite the limited area this corridor offers, raccoons, beaver, foxes, coyotes, and even deer are not uncommon sights along the creek.
Historical records kept at what is now Four Mile Historical Park indicate that prior to the construction of the Cherry Creek Dam, the creek's water level rose and fell regularly.
When the dam's floodgates are opened for this venting, the creek's level may rise as much as two feet, sometimes in less than an hour.
Richard Poore or Poor (died 15 April 1237) was a medieval English Bishop best known for his role in the establishment of Salisbury Cathedral and the City of Salisbury, moved from the nearby fortress of Old Sarum.
Richard Poore became Dean of Salisbury in 1197, and unsuccessfully was nominated to the see of Winchester in 1205 and attained the see of Durham in 1213.
His election to Durham was disallowed by Pope Innocent III before it was made public, probably because the pope knew that King John wished for the translation of his advisor John de Gray from the see of Norwich to Durham.
It was during this time that he oversaw and helped plan the construction of the new Salisbury Cathedral as a replacement for the old cathedral at Old Sarum.
He also laid out the town of Salisbury in 1219, to allow the workers building the cathedral a less cramped town than the old garrison town at Old Sarum.
In 1223, with the fall from power of Peter des Roches bishop of Winchester, Ranulph earl of Chester, and Falkes de Breauté, Richard helped Hubert de Burgh take over the government, along with Stephen Langton and Jocelin of Wells bishop of Bath and Wells.
While Poore was at Salisbury, he took part in the translation of St Wulfstan's in 1218, and in the translation of Saint Thomas Becket's relics in 1220.
With his move to Durham, he withdrew from royal service, although he was briefly back in service when Peter des Roches returned to power in late 1232 and early 1233.
At Durham, he inherited a quarrel between the bishop and the cathedral chapter that mainly involved the election of the prior and the right of the bishop to undertake visitations of the priory.
Soon after coming to Durham, Richard issued a set of detailed constitutions that governed many of the relations between the bishop, the prior, and the cathedral chapter that was the basis of church government in Durham until the Dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII of England.
In 1220, while Poore was bishop of Salisbury, he ordered his clergy to instruct a few children so that the children might in turn teach the rest of the children in basic church doctrine and prayers.
He also had the clergy preach every Sunday that children should not be left alone in a house with a fire or water.
Also during his time in Salisbury, he promoted the education of boys by endowing some schoolmasters with benefices provided they did not charge for instruction.
He not only held that a clerk receiving a new benefice should give up the old one, but that if the clerk protested about the loss, he should lose both benefices.
His tomb was claimed for both Durham and Salisbury, but most likely he was buried in the church at Tarrant Keyneston which was what he had wished.
In July, she moved to Newport, Rhode Island, for gunnery exercises and, in August, began duty at Norfolk as a training platform for destroyer nucleus crews.
In October, she interrupted her training schedule to take part in the Navy Day festivities at New York but resumed those duties in November.
For the next two years, the destroyer operated out of Norfolk, along the east coast, and in the West Indies, conducting exercises both independently and in company with other units of the United States Atlantic Fleet.
She ranged up and down the east coast until 4 January 1949 at which time she headed back to the Mediterranean.
Her five Mediterranean tours consisted of normal training operations with units of the Sixth Fleet and with elements of Allied navies as well as port visits at various points throughout the Mediterranean.
In December, when she returned to the Mediterranean for another deployment with the Sixth Fleet, she again transited the Suez Canal, repeated her former visits to middle eastern ports, and added Bahrain Island and Abadan, Iran, to her itinerary.
For the next 10 months, she underwent extensive structural changes as well as equipment installation to improve greatly her anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
She completed her FRAM conversion on 31 January 1963 then deployed to Guantanamo Bay where she did picket duty as part of the post-Cuban Missile Crisis operation.
That assignment lasted until 1 June at which time she and the other ships of Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 32 steamed out of Norfolk for a deployment to the western Pacific with Commander Destroyer Division 322 (COMDESDIV 322) embarked.
Steaming by way of the Panama Canal, Pearl Harbor, and Guam, she and the other ships of Destroyer Squadron 32 reported for duty with the Seventh Fleet at Subic Bay in the Philippines on 15 July.
On the night of 18 and 19 August, her 5 inch guns succeeded in breaking up a company-strength Viet Cong attack on a Popular Forces outpost near Huong Dien.
In addition to service in Vietnamese waters, the warship made visits to Hong Kong and Kaohsiung on Taiwan as well as periodic stops at Subic Bay for upkeep and replenishments.
She spent the first 10 months of 1967 engaged in training operations along the east coast and in the West Indies.
On 14 November 1967, the warship stood out of Norfolk for her first tour of duty with the Sixth Fleet since 1965.
For the next five months, the destroyer ranged the length and breadth of the Mediterranean, conducting training evolutions and making port visits.
She resumed normal Second Fleet operations until 22 July at which time she departed Norfolk for a cruise to South American waters to participate in UNITAS IX, a series of multinational exercises with units of various Latin American navies.
Normal operations and a series of tender availabilities in preparation for overhaul occupied her time from September 1968 to June 1969.
She concluded sea trials successfully late in September and departed Boston on 3 October and arrived in Norfolk on the 5th.
Normal operations out of Norfolk occupied her until 30 April 1970 at which time she embarked upon another Mediterranean tour of duty.
She changed operational control to Sixth Fleet on 10 May and conducted turnover at Majorca between the 12th and the 17th.
However, early in September, she joined a special contingency force assembled in the eastern Mediterranean in response to Syrian intervention in the Jordanian civil war on the side of militant, anti-government, Arab guerrillas.
She conducted operations out of Norfolk until 10 October at which time she began an extended repair period at the Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp.
According to legend, he is often equated with Yama (Buddhism), but actually, Yanluo Wang has his own number of stories and long been worshipped in China.
His personification is always male, and his minions include a judge who holds in his hands a brush and a book listing every soul and the allotted death date for every life.
Drawing from various Indian texts and local culture, the Chinese tradition proposes several versions concerning the number of hells and deities who are at their head.
It seems that originally there were two competing versions: 136 hells (8 big ones divided into 16 smaller ones) or 18 hells, each of them being led by a subordinate king of Yanluo Wang.
They were strongly challenged from the Tang dynasty by a new version influenced by Taoism, which adopted Yanluo Wang to make it the fifth of a set of ten kings (Shidian Yánluó wáng 十殿閻羅王, Guardian king-sorter of the ten chambers) each named at the head of a hell by the Jade Emperor.
The other nine kings are: Qinguangwang (秦廣王), Chujiangwang (楚江王), Songdiwang (宋帝王), Wuguanwang (五官王), Kachengwang (卡誠王), Taishanwang (泰山王), Pingdengwang (平等王) Dushiwang (都市王) Zhuanlunwang (轉輪王), typically Taoist names.
However, that it disappears completely from the list, giving way to a historical figure, magistrate integrity in his lifetime appointed judge of the dead by a superior deity, most often judge Bao, (Baogong 包公 or Bao Cheng 包承) the time of the Song dynasty.
Generally seen as a frightening deity, he can also present the more reassuring image of a righteous and just judge or advocate of dharma.
John Babbitt McNair (November 20, 1889 – June 14, 1968) was the 23rd premier of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada from 1940 to 1952.
At the onset of World War I he enlisted in the Canadian Army and served on the battlefields of France and Germany as part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
John McNair was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1935 New Brunswick general election and served as Attorney-General in the government of Premier Dysart and served as president of the Liberal Party of New Brunswick from 1932 to 1940.
He lost his seat in the 1939 election but returned in 1940, succeeding Dysart as leader of the party and premier.
Despite province wide protests, on April 27, 1950 McNair's government implemented a four percent provincial sales tax to help finance the public education system and social services.
McNair served as premier for twelve years until the defeat of his government in 1952 at which time he returned to the practise of law.
In 1955 he was named Chief Justice of New Brunswick and became the 22nd Lieutenant Governor of the province in 1965.
The Honourable John Babbitt McNair was born to James McNair and Francis Anne Lewis on November 20, 1889, in Andover, Victoria County, New Brunswick.
As a youth he attended Andover Grammar School and Florenceville Consolidated School before enrolling at the University of New Brunswick in 1907.
He was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to attend Oxford University, where he further distinguished himself by earning first-class honours, and received a B.A.
Following the outbreak of the First World War, McNair enlisted with the Armed Forces and served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in France and Germany.
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, McNair volunteered once again and served as a captain in the Royal Canadian Artillery Reserves.
Following his return to New Brunswick in 1919, McNair was admitted to the bar and entered into a law partnership with J.J.F.
In the Legislative Chambers, McNair distinguished himself as a gifted speaker and was widely regarded as the most able member of Dysart's government.
Although defeated in York County at the general election of November 20, 1939, a by-election was created for McNair in Victoria County and on January 20, 1940 he was re-elected.
He also continued as Attorney-General and, with a reputation as a hands-on administrator, he also briefly added the portfolios of Labour, Health and Labour, and Lands and Mines to his responsibilities.
Considered to have been New Brunswick's most intellectually gifted premier, McNair was also a shrewd politician and excellent debater who regularly used his cutting wit to fend off criticism from the Opposition benches.
He was perhaps the last premier to write all his own speeches, which he did by hand either at his home on Waterloo Row or at his cabin at Gordon Vale.
Governing the province during the war years and through harsh economic times, McNair is credited with introducing a succession of budgetary surpluses, undertaking a massive rural electrification program, improving education in rural areas, expanding the role of the civil service, centralizing the provincial government offices and New Brunswick Electric Power Commission in Fredericton.
Following the war, he introduced a variety of social benefit programs, began the modernization of the highway system, and created a Department of Industry and Reconstruction to ensure a smooth economic and social transition for the province from wartime to peacetime.
For the August 1944 general election, McNair became the first politician in Canada to employ the services of a professional advertising agency to direct a political campaign.
During his career after politics, McNair was also a member of the Senate for the University of New Brunswick, Chairman of the Selection Committee for the Awarding of the Beaverbrook Scholarships, and a member of the Beaverbrook Art Gallery Board.
Not long after McNair assumed the premiership, his wife's health deteriorated in an alarming fashion and she spent much of her time in hospitals.
Therefore, in addition to assuming the responsibility for the affairs of the province, McNair also shouldered the heavy responsibility of raising four children.
He was designated a Companion of the Order of Canada on July 6, 1967, but the award had to be presented posthumously as the scheduled ceremony did not take place until September 23, 1968.
Until 1952, the destroyer alternated her operations between the east coast with the Atlantic Fleet and deployment with the 6th Fleet.
She transited the Panama Canal on 31 March and—after calling briefly at San Diego, Pearl Harbor, Midway, Guam, and the Philippine Islands—arrived off Vietnam.
She made another voyage to the Mediterranean from 23 February to 23 July 1971 and returned to the North Atlantic from 10 July to 18 November 1972.
School-to-work transition is a phrase referring to on-the-job training, apprenticeships, cooperative education agreements or other programs designed to prepare students to enter the job market.
This education system is primarily employed in the United States, partially as a response to work training as it is done in Asia.
School to Work is a system to introduce the philosophy of school-based, work-based, and connecting activities as early as kindergarten to expose students to potential future careers.
School to Work is funded and sponsored at the federal level by the U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Education.
At the state level in states like Arizona, the grant is administered by the Arizona Department of Commerce, School to Work Division.
It is composed of more than fifty Cochise County public and private schools, kindergarten through four-year university level, local and community-based organizations, and more than one hundred supporting business partners.
STW is part of a comprehensive education reform movement which includes formulating new standards which emphasize higher order thinking skills, new standards based assessments, and graduation exams, such as the Certificate of Initial Mastery which insure that students are ready for job training or college prep by age 16.
Reformers believe that it is important and egalitarian that all students graduate ready for jobs and ready for college, rather than tracking students one way or the other.
Some believe that it was better to have students who were not bound for college concentrate on career schools, while academic students should spend class time learning core academic subjects such as history or science rather than job-shadowing at a hospital or auto dealer.
A student in North Dakota would have little opportunity to learn to be an auto designer, while one in Alabama would have little opportunity to do job shadowing at a major software company if job training were allocated according to local human resource needs, as many programs are structured.
Local businesses also need to structure their operations to accommodate student workers, and transportation since typically schools are situated close to homes, and not businesses which are typically a car or transit commute away from homes.
Data would be shared with state STW partnership network and local labor market areas which might be an invasion of privacy.
Homeported at Naval Station Norfolk, she operated in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea for the next two years, taking part in United States Navy Reserve training cruises, and anti-submarine warfare exercises.
She participated in the search for lost British submarine in April 1951, and added cruises to the Caribbean and northern Europe in 1953.
The destroyer screened aircraft carrier and heavy cruiser from July to September 1958 while the 6th Fleet landed United States Marines at the request of Lebanese President Camille Chamoun.
In 1960, her homeport became Charleston, South Carolina, and in 1961, during her tenth deployment to the 6th Fleet, the ship cruised in the Persian Gulf during the crisis in Kuwait.
The destroyer rejoined the fleet in early 1963 and through 1964 continued to operate on training and readiness exercises off the Atlantic coast.
Leaving Southeast Asia by steaming eastward through the Suez Canal, she completed her round-the-world cruise upon returning to Norfolk in April 1966.
For her remaining career in the U.S. Navy, she continued to train reservists on cruises along the U.S. East Coast or to the Caribbean Sea.
The First Battle of Ypres ( , was a battle of the First World War, fought on the Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium.
The battle was part of the First Battle of Flanders, in which German, French, Belgian armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) fought from Arras in France to Nieuport on the Belgian coast, from 10 October to mid-November.
The battles at Ypres began at the end of the Race to the Sea, reciprocal attempts by the German and Franco-British armies to advance past the northern flank of their opponents.
North of Ypres, the fighting continued in the Battle of the Yser between the German 4th Army, the Belgian army and French marines.
Attacks by the BEF (Field Marshal Sir John French) the Belgians and the French Eighth Army in Belgium made little progress beyond Ypres.
The German 4th and 6th Armies took small amounts of ground at great cost to both sides, during the Battle of the Yser and further south at Ypres.
Neither side had moved forces to Flanders fast enough to obtain a decisive victory and by November both sides were exhausted.
From 21 to 23 October, German reservists had made mass attacks at Langemarck, with losses of up to to little effect.
Warfare between mass armies, equipped with the weapons of the Industrial Revolution and its later developments, proved to be indecisive, because field fortifications neutralised many classes of offensive weapon.
The defensive use of artillery and machine guns, dominated the battlefield and the ability of the armies to supply themselves and replace casualties prolonged battles for weeks.
Thirty-four German divisions fought in the Flanders battles, against twelve French, nine British and six Belgian, along with marines and dismounted cavalry.
Falkenhayn reconsidered German strategy over the winter, because and a dictated peace against France and Russia had been shown to be beyond German resources.
A strategy of attrition () would make the cost of the war too great for the Allies, until one made a separate peace.
The remaining belligerents would have to negotiate or face the Germans concentrated on the remaining front, which would be sufficient to obtain a decisive victory.
On 9 October, the First German offensive against Warsaw began with the battles of Warsaw (9–19 October) and Ivangorod (9–20 October).
Czernowitz in Bukovina was re-occupied by the Austro-Hungarian army on 22 August and then lost again to the Russian army on 28 October.
Next day Stanislau in Galicia was taken by Russian forces and the Serbian army began a retreat from the line of the Drina.
Britain and France declared war on Turkey on 5 November and next day, Keupri-Keni in Armenia was captured, during the Bergmann Offensive (2–16 November) by the Russian army.
On 10 October, Przemysl was surrounded again by the Russian army, beginning the Second Siege; Memel in East Prussia was occupied by the Russians a day later.
Keupri-Keni was recaptured by the Ottoman army on 14 November, the Sultan proclaimed Jihad, next day the Battle of Cracow (15 November – 2 December) began and the Second Russian Invasion of North Hungary (15 November – 12 December) commenced.
The Great Retreat was a long withdrawal by the Franco-British armies to the Marne, from 1914, after the success of the German armies in the Battle of the Frontiers After the defeat of the French Fifth Army at the Battle of Charleroi (21 August) and the BEF in the Battle of Mons (23 August), both armies made a rapid retreat to avoid envelopment.
A counter-offensive by the French and the BEF at the First Battle of Guise failed to end the German advance and the Franco-British retreat continued beyond the Marne.
General Fournier was ordered on 25 August to defend the fortress at Maubeuge, which was surrounded two days later by the German VII Reserve Corps.
The fortress blocked the main Cologne–Paris rail line, leaving only the line from Trier to Liège, Brussels, Valenciennes and Cambrai open to the Germans, which was needed to carry supplies southward to the armies on the Aisne and transport troops of the 6th Army northwards from Lorraine to Flanders.
The Germans took and captured Small detachments of the Belgian, French and British armies conducted operations in Belgium and northern France, against German cavalry and Jäger.
On 27 August, a squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) flew to Ostend, for reconnaissance sorties between Bruges, Ghent and Ypres.
The rest of the brigade occupied Cassel on 30 September and scouted the country in motor cars; an RNAS Armoured Car Section was created, by fitting vehicles with bullet-proof steel.
On 2 October, the Marine Brigade was sent to Antwerp, followed by the rest of the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division on 6 October, having landed at Dunkirk on the night of From the 7th Division and the 3rd Cavalry Division landed at Zeebrugge.
Naval forces collected at Dover were formed into a separate unit, which became the Dover Patrol, to operate in the Channel and off the French-Belgian coast.
In late September, Marshal Joseph Joffre and Field Marshal John French discussed the transfer of the BEF from the Aisne to Flanders, to unify British forces on the Continent, shorten the British lines of communication from England and to defend Antwerp and the Channel Ports.
Despite the inconvenience of British troops crossing French lines of communication, when French forces were moving north after the Battle of the Aisne, Joffre agreed subject to a proviso, that French would make individual British units available for operations as soon as they arrived.
On 3 October, a German wireless message was intercepted, which showed that the BEF was still believed to be on the Aisne.
II Corps moved from the night of and III Corps followed from 6 October, leaving a brigade behind with I Corps, which stayed until the night of II Corps arrived around Abbeville from and concentrated to the north-east around Gennes-Ivergny, Gueschart, Le Boisle and Raye, preparatory to an advance on Béthune.
The 2nd Cavalry Division arrived at St Pol and Hesdin on 9 October and the 1st Cavalry Division arrived a day later.
III Corps began to assemble around Saint-Omer and Hazebrouck on 11 October, then moved behind the left flank of II Corps, to advance on Bailleul and Armentières.
A decisive result (), was intended to come from the offensive of the 6th Army but on 18 September, French attacks endangered the German northern flank instead and the 6th Army used the first units from Lorraine to repulse the French as a preliminary.
A German attack on 24 September, forced the French onto the defensive and Joffre reinforced the northern flank of the Second Army.
As BEF units arrived, operations began piecemeal on the northern flank; the Belgian army refused a request by Joffre to leave the National redoubt of Belgium and sortie against German communications.
The allied troops managed to advance towards Lille and the Lys river but were stopped by German attacks in the opposite direction on 20 October.
West of a line between Arras and Calais in the north-west are chalk downlands, covered with soil sufficient for arable farming.
East of the line, the land declines in a series of spurs into the Flanders plain, bounded by canals linking Douai, Béthune, St Omer and Calais.
To the south-east, canals run between Lens, Lille, Roubaix and Courtrai, the Lys river from Courtrai to Ghent and to the north-west lies the sea.
The plain is almost flat, apart from a line of low hills from Cassel, eastwards to Mont des Cats, Mont Noir, Mont Rouge, Scherpenberg and Mount Kemmel.
From Kemmel, a low ridge lies to the north-east, declining in elevation past Ypres through Wytschaete, Gheluvelt and Passchendaele, curving north then north-west to Dixmude where it merges with the plain.
The Lys, Yser and upper Scheldt are canalised and between them the water level underground is close to the surface, rises further in the autumn and fills any dip, the sides of which then collapse.
The ground surface quickly turns to a consistency of cream cheese and on the coast movement is confined to roads, except during frosts.
In the rest of the Flanders Plain were woods and small fields, divided by hedgerows planted with trees and fields cultivated from small villages and farms.
The terrain was difficult for infantry operations because of the lack of observation, impossible for mounted action because of the many obstructions and awkward for artillery because of the limited view.
South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal-mining district full of slag heaps, pit-heads () and miners' houses ().
North of the canal, the city of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menin, along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near Aire-sur-la-Lys.
In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws to preserve the surface and marked by signs, which were ignored by British lorry drivers.
The difficulty of movement after the end of summer absorbed much of the labour available on road maintenance, leaving field defences to be built by front-line soldiers.
In October, Herbert Kitchener the British Secretary of State for War forecast a long war and placed orders for the manufacture of a large number of field, medium and heavy guns and howitzers, sufficient to equip a army.
The order was soon increased by the War Office but the rate of shell manufacture had an immediate effect on operations.
While the BEF was still on the Aisne front, ammunition production for field guns and howitzers was a month and only per month were being manufactured for guns; the War Office sent another guns to France during October.
As the contending armies moved north into Flanders, the flat terrain and obstructed view, caused by the number of buildings, industrial concerns, tree foliage and field boundaries, forced changes in British artillery methods.
Lack of observation was remedied in part by decentralising artillery to infantry brigades and by locating the guns in the front line but this made them more vulnerable and several batteries were overrun in the fighting between Arras and Ypres.
Devolving control of the guns made concentrated artillery-fire difficult to arrange, because of a lack of field telephones and the obscuring of signal flags by mists and fog.
Co-operation with French forces to share the British heavy artillery was implemented and discussions with French gunners led to a synthesis of the French practice of firing a field artillery (squall) before infantry moved to the attack and then ceasing fire, with the British preference for direct fire at observed targets, which was the beginning of the development of creeping barrages.
During the advance of the III Corps and an attack on Méteren, the 4th Division issued divisional artillery orders, which stressed the concentration of the fire of the artillery, although during the battle the gunners fired on targets of opportunity, since German positions were so well camouflaged.
As the fighting moved north into Belgian Flanders, the artillery found that Shrapnel shells had little effect on buildings and called for high explosive ammunition.
During a general attack on 18 October, the German defenders achieved a defensive success, due to the disorganised nature of the British attacks, which only succeeded where close artillery support was available.
The unexpected strength of the German 4th Army opposite, compounded British failings, although the partly trained, poorly led and badly equipped German reserve corps suffered high casualties.
German tactics developed during the battles around Ypres, with cavalry still effective during the early manoeuvring, although just as hampered by hedges and fenced fields, railway lines and urban growth as the Allied cavalry, which made the ground far better suited to defensive battle.
In the lower ground between Ypres and the higher ground to the south-east and east, the ground was drained by many streams and ditches, divided into small fields with high hedges and ditches, roads were unpaved and the area was dotted with houses and farmsteads.
Observation was limited by trees and open spaces could be commanded from covered positions and made untenable by small-arms and artillery fire.
As winter approached the views became more open as woods and copses were cut down by artillery bombardments and the ground became much softer, particularly in the lower-lying areas.
The French, Belgian and British forces in Flanders had no organisation for unified command but General Foch had been appointed on 4 October by Joffre.
The Belgian army managed to save from Antwerp and retire to the Yser and although not formally in command of British and Belgian forces, Foch obtained co-operation from both contingents.
On 10 October, Foch and French agreed to combine French, British and Belgian forces north and east of Lille, from the Lys to the Scheldt.
Foch planned a joint advance from Ypres to Nieuport, towards a line from Roulers, Thourout and Ghistelles, just south of Ostend.
Foch intended to isolate the German III Reserve Corps, which was advancing from Antwerp, from the main German force in Flanders.
French and Belgian forces were to push the Germans back against the sea, as French and British forces turned south-east and closed up to the Lys river from Menin to Ghent, to cross the river and attack the northern flank of the German armies.
The German reserve corps infantry were poorly trained and ill-equipped but on 10 October, Falkenhayn issued a directive that the 4th Army was to cross the Yser, advance regardless of losses and isolate Dunkirk and Calais, then turn south towards Saint-Omer.
With the 6th Army to the south, which was to deny the Allies an opportunity to establish a secure front and transfer troops to the north, the 4th Army was to inflict an annihilating blow on the French, Belgian and BEF forces in French and Belgian Flanders.
French, British and Belgian troops covered the Belgian and British withdrawal from Antwerp towards Ypres and the Yser from Dixmude to Nieuport, on a front.
The new German 4th Army was ordered to capture Dunkirk and Calais, by attacking from the coast to the junction with the 6th Army.
German attacks began on 18 October, coincident with the battles around Ypres and gained a foothold over the Yser at Tervaete.
The French 42nd Division at Nieuport detached a brigade to reinforce the Belgians and German heavy artillery was countered on the coast, by Allied ships under British command, which bombarded German artillery positions and forced the Germans to attack further inland.
The French sent the rest of the 42nd Division to the centre but on 26 October, the Belgian Commander Félix Wielemans, ordered the Belgian army to retreat, until over-ruled by the Belgian king.
Next day sluice gates on the coast at Nieuport were opened, which flooded the area between the Yser and the railway embankment, running north from Dixmude.
On 30 October, German troops crossed the embankment at Ramscapelle but as the waters rose, were forced back the following evening.
The Battle of Langemarck took place from after an advance by the German 4th and 6th armies which began on 19 October, as the left flank of the BEF began advancing towards Menin and Roulers.
On 20 October, Langemarck, north-east of Ypres, was held by a French territorial unit and the British IV corps to the south.
The British attack made early progress but the 4th army began a series of attacks, albeit badly organised and poorly supported.
The British IV Corps was attacked around Langemarck, where the 7th Division was able to repulse German attacks and I Corps was able to make a short advance.
Further north, French cavalry was pushed back to the Yser by the XXIII Reserve Corps and by nightfall was dug in from the junction with the British at Steenstraat to the vicinity of Dixmude, the boundary with the Belgian army.
The British closed the gap with a small number of reinforcements and on 23 October, the French IX Corps took over the north end of the Ypres salient, relieving I Corps with the 17th Division.
The left flank of the 7th Division was taken over by the 2nd Division, which joined in the counter-attack of the French IX Corps on the northern flank towards Roulers and Thourout, as the fighting further north on the Yser impeded German attacks around Ypres.
German attacks from 25–26 October were made further south, against the 7th Division on the Menin Road and on 26 October part of the line crumbled until reserves were scraped up to block the gap and avoid a rout.
On 28 October, as the 4th Army attacks bogged down, Falkenhayn responded to the costly failures of the 4th and 6th armies by ordering the armies to conduct holding attacks while a new force, (General Max von Fabeck) was assembled from XV Corps and the II Bavarian Corps, the 26th Division and the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division, under the XIII Corps headquarters.
The was rushed up to Deûlémont and Werviq, the boundary between the 6th and 4th armies, to attack towards Ypres and Poperinghe.
Strict economies were imposed on the 6th Army formations further south, to provide artillery ammunition for guns allotted to support an attack to the north-west, between Gheluvelt and Messines.
The XV Corps was to attack on the right flank, south of the Menin–Ypres road to the Comines–Ypres canal and the main effort was to come from there to Garde Dieu by the II Bavarian Corps, flanked by the 26th Division.
On 29 October, attacks by the XXVII Reserve Corps began against I Corps north of the Menin Road, at dawn, in thick fog.
Advances by to the south-west against I Corps and the dismounted Cavalry Corps further south, came to within of Ypres along the Menin road and brought the town into range of German artillery.
On 30 October, German attacks by the 54th Reserve Division and the 30th Division, on the left flank of the BEF at Gheluvelt, were repulsed but the British were pushed out of Zandvoorde, Hollebeke and Hollebeke Château as German attacks on a line from Messines to Wytschaete and St Yves were repulsed.
The BEF had many casualties and used all its reserves but the French IX Corps sent its last three battalions and retrieved the situation in the I Corps sector.
The French XVI Corps reached the area from St Eloi to Wytschaete on 1 November, to reinforce the cavalry Corps and the IX Corps attacked further north near Becelaere, which relieved the German pressure on both flanks of I Corps.
By 3 November, had lost in five days and of battalions in the BEF which had come to France with about and men each, fewer than of which were under strong, despite receiving replacements up to 28 October.
The attack was forestalled by German attacks on the flanks from On 9 November, the Germans attacked the French and Belgians between Langemarck and Dixmude, forcing them back to the Yser, where the Belgians blew the crossings.
After a lull, the German attacks resumed in great force from mainly on the 4th Army front from Langemarck to Dixmude.
On 10 November, German divisions of the 4th and 6th Armies, and XXVII Reserve Corps attacked from Nonne Bosschen (Nun's Copse) and the edge of Polygon Wood, to Gheluvelt and across the Menin Road to Shrewsbury Forest in the south.
The German 3rd Division and 26th Division broke through to St Eloi and advanced to Zwarteleen, some east of Ypres, where they were checked by the British 7th Cavalry Brigade.
The remains of II Corps from La Bassée, held a front, with and against battalions with The British were forced back by the German 4th Division and British counter-attacks were repulsed.
German troops broke through along the Menin road but could not be supported and the advance was contained by 13 November.
Both sides were exhausted by these efforts; German casualties around Ypres had reached about and BEF losses, August – 30 November, were Ypres.
The Belgian army had been reduced by half and the French had lost by September, having been killed by the end of the year.
Frostbite cases appeared and the physical strain increased, among troops occupying trenches half-full of freezing water, falling asleep standing up and being sniped at and bombed from opposing trenches away.
On 12 November, a German attack surprised the French IX Corps and the British 8th Division arrived at the front on 13 November and more attacks were made on the II Corps front from 14 November.
On 17 November, Albrecht ordered the 4th Army to cease its attacks; the III Reserve Corps and XIII Corps were ordered to move the Eastern Front, which was discovered by the Allies on 20 November.
The German 4th and 6th armies took small amounts of ground at great cost to both sides, at the Battle of the Yser and further south at the Battles of Ypres.
Falkenhayn then tried a limited goal of capturing Ypres and Mount Kemmel, from By 8 November, Falkenhayn had accepted that the coastal advance had failed and that taking Ypres was impossible.
Neither side had moved forces to Flanders fast enough to obtain a decisive victory and both were exhausted, short of ammunition and suffering from collapses in morale, some infantry units refusing orders.
French, British and Belgian troops in improvised field defences repulsed German attacks for four weeks in mutually costly attacks and counter-attacks.
Field fortifications had neutralised many classes of offensive weapon and the defensive firepower of artillery and machine-guns had dominated the battlefield; the ability of the armies to supply themselves and replace casualties kept battles going for weeks.
The German armies engaged in the Flanders battles, the French twelve, the British nine and the Belgians six, along with marines and dismounted cavalry.
A strategy of attrition (), would make the cost of the war was too great for the Allies to bear, until one enemy negotiated an end to the war.
The remaining belligerents would have to come to terms or face the German army concentrated on the remaining front and capable of obtaining a decisive victory.
In 2010, Sheldon wrote that a mad minute of accurate rapid rifle-fire, was held to have persuaded German troops that they were opposed by machine-guns.
Sheldon also wrote that German troops knew the firing characteristics of machine-guns and kept still until French Hotchkiss M1909 and Hotchkiss M1914 machine-guns, which had ammunition in strips, were reloading.
Sheldon wrote that a German description of the fate of the new reserve corps as (massacre of the innocents), in a communiqué of 11 November 1914, was misleading.
After the war, most regiments which had fought in Flanders, referred to the singing of songs on the battlefield, a practice only plausible when used to identify units at night.
In 1986, Unruh, wrote that had been enrolled in six reserve corps, four of which had been sent to Flanders, leaving a maximum of of the reserve corps operating in Flanders made up of volunteers.
Reserve Infantry Regiment 211 had in active service, of the reserve, which was composed of former soldiers from old, who were inexperienced and probably old, (former soldiers from old, released from the reserve) and one (enrolled but inexperienced).
In 1925, Edmonds recorded that the Belgians had suffered a great number of casualties from including British casualties from were losses were and of casualties in Belgium and northern France, from were incurred on the front from the Lys to Gheluvelt, from In 2003, Beckett recorded casualties, casualties, losses and casualties.
In 2010, Sheldon recorded casualties, casualties, that the French had many losses and that the Belgian army had been reduced to a shadow.
Winter operations from November 1914 to February 1915 in the Ypres area, took place in the Attack on Wytschaete (14 December).
A reorganisation of the defence of Flanders had been carried out by the Franco-British from which left the BEF holding a homogeneous front from Givenchy to Wytschaete to the north.
Joffre arranged for a series of attacks on the Western Front, after receiving information that German divisions were moving to the Russian Front.
The Eighth Army was ordered to attack in Flanders and French was asked to participate with the BEF on 14 December.
Joffre wanted the British to attack along all of the BEF front and especially from Warneton to Messines, as the French attacked from Wytschaete to Hollebeke.
French gave orders to attack from the Lys to Warneton and Hollebeke with II and III Corps, as IV and Indian corps conducted local operations, to fix the Germans to their front.
French emphasised that the attack would begin on the left flank, next to the French and that units must not move ahead of each other.
The French and the 3rd Division were to capture Wytschaete and Petit Bois, then Spanbroekmolen was to be taken by II Corps attacking from the west and III Corps from the south, only the 3rd Division making a maximum effort.
On the right the 5th Division was only to pretend to attack and III Corps was to make demonstrations, as the corps was holding a front and could do no more.
On the left, the French XVI Corps failed to reach its objectives and the 3rd Division got to within of the German line and found uncut wire.
One battalion took of the German front trench and took The failure of the attack on Wytschaete resulted in the attack further south being cancelled but German artillery retaliation was much heavier than the British bombardment.
On 17 December, XVI and II corps did not attack, the French IX Corps sapped forward a short distance down the Menin road and small gains were made at Klein Zillebeke and Bixschoote.
Joffre ended attacks in the north, except for operations at Arras and requested support from French who ordered attacks on 18 December along the British front, then restricted the attacks to support of XVI Corps by II Corps and demonstrations by II Corps and the Indian Corps.
Six small attacks were made by the 8th, 7th, 4th and Indian divisions, which captured little ground, all of which was found to be untenable due to mud and water-logging; Franco-British attacks in Flanders ended.
He was the youngest surviving son of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon and Ada de Warenne, a daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, and Elizabeth of Vermandois.
In the litigation for succession to the crown of Scotland in 1290–1292, the great-great-grandson Floris V, Count of Holland of David's sister, Ada, claimed that David had renounced his hereditary rights to the throne of Scotland.
On 26 August 1190 David married Matilda of Chester (1171 – 6 January 1233), daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester.
After the extinction of the senior line of the Scottish royal house in 1290, when the legitimate line of William the Lion of Scotland ended, David's descendants were the prime candidates for the throne.
The two most notable claimants to the throne, Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (grandfather of King Robert I of Scotland) and John Balliol were his descendants through David's daughters Isobel and Margaret, respectively.
David is a possible inspiration figure for the Robin Hood legend because the legend plays at the same time as David lived in the 1190s.
Both David and Robin Hood are said to have taken part in the Third Crusade, and by 1194 David had taken part at the siege of Nottingham Castle where the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derby County was taken captive.
The destroyer was named for Lieutenant Charles R. Ware USN (1911–1942), who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for heroism in the Battle of Midway.
Her first major cruise, between 1 March and 9 April 1946, was to northern waters, where she aided in developing techniques for cold weather operations, crossing the Arctic Circle.
On 10 November 1947 the ship got underway for the Mediterranean, and her first tour of duty with the 6th Fleet.
Her next tour of duty in the Mediterranean came in 1949, during which for 2 weeks she patrolled off the Levant Coast under the direction of the United Nations' Palestine Truce Commission.
Following her 1953 tour, she conducted antisubmarine warfare exercises with British ships off Northern Ireland, calling then at ports in Ireland, Germany, Norway, Denmark, and Belgium.
Early in 1954, she returned to the Mediterranean once more, for a tour of duty which included participation in a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operation.
Her 1955 deployment began with antisubmarine warfare exercises with the Royal Navy off Northern Ireland, and was followed by her 6th Fleet duty.
The year 1957 was marked by assignment to escort the ship carrying King Saud of Saudi Arabia into New York harbor for his state visit, and a European cruise during which she exercised with Spanish destroyers.
That fall, she put to sea for North Atlantic Treaty Organization exercises and on 20 January 1958, she rescued a downed pilot from the aircraft carrier while conducting air operations off the east coast.
She took part in the Naval Review in Lake Saint Louis on 26 June, which was taken by Queen Elizabeth II and President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and sailed on to call at a number of United States and Canadian ports.
Dysart was born in Cocagne, New Brunswick and was educated at University of St. Joseph's College in Memramcook, the Ontario Agricultural College and Dalhousie Law School.
He was elected to the provincial legislature in 1917 and served as Speaker from 1921 to 1925 and served briefly as Minister of Lands and Mines in 1925 until the defeat of the Liberal government.
Dysart also served as his own Minister of Public Works from 1935 to 1938, and Chairman of the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, from 1938 until his retirement from politics.
After suffering from poor health from some time, he led the government to re-election in 1939 and resigned in 1940 to become a County Court Judge of Westmorland and Kent Counties.
In the early 1840s she became familiar with the teachings of Shaykh Ahmad and began a secret correspondence with his successor Kazim Rashti.
Táhirih travelled to the Shiʻi holy city of Karbala to meet Kazim Rashti, but he died a number of days before her arrival.
Táhirih was born Fātemeh Baraghāni in Qazvin, Iran (near Tehran), the oldest of four daughters of Muhammad Salih Baraghani, an Usuli mujtahid who was remembered for his interpretations of the Quran, his eulogies of the tragedies of Karbala, his zeal for the execution of punishments, and his active opposition to the consumption of wine.
Her mother as well as Táhirih and all her sisters all studied in the Salehiyya, the Salehi madrasa her father had established in 1817, which included a women's section.
After interviewing Táhirih's family and the families of contemporaries as well as reading documents about her life Martha Root believed that the most accurate date of birth was between 1817–1819.
The Baraghani brothers had migrated from an obscure village near Qazvin to the city where they made their fortunes in ecclesiastical schools.
They soon rose to the ranks of high-ranking clerics in the court of the Shah of Persia and even running religious sections of Qazvin.
Her father was himself a noted and respected cleric, as was her older uncle who married a daughter of the monarch.
A literate woman was itself a rare phenomenon and surprisingly her father decided to break from protocol and personally tutor his daughter.
She was allowed to undertake Islamic studies, and was known for her ability to memorize the Qurʼan as well as being able to grasp hard to understand points of religious law.
Her father even allowed her to listen to his lessons which he gave male pupils, on the condition that she hide behind a curtain and not let anybody know her presence.
Under the education of her father and uncle, the young Táhirih was able to grasp a better understanding of theological and educational matters compared to her contemporaries.
Girls were expected to remain docile and reticent and many were reluctant to allow their daughters to pursue an education of some sort.
Her father Muhammad-Salih Baraghani was a writer in his own right and his writings laud the martyrdom of the Muhammad's grandson and third Imam Husayn ibn Ali and discuss Persian literature.
He was reported to devote much of his time to scholarship rather than involving himself in the court, unlike his elder brother.
Táhirih's education in Qazvin proved itself in later years, inspiring many new trends among women in her social-circle and may have been instrumental in pressing Táhirih towards the more radical Shaykhi and Bábí teachings.
Táhirih's education with her father lead her to become a devoutly religious and she upheld these beliefs for the rest of her life.
It also made her hungry for knowledge and she busied herself with reading and writing religious and other forms of literature.
Her formal education ended when she was about thirteen or fourteen, when she was summoned by her father to consent to a betrothal arranged by her uncle and father.
Though showing herself a capable writer and poet, Táhirih was forced to comply with family pressure and at the age of fourteen she was married to her cousin Muhammad Baraghani the son of her uncle.
The marriage however, was an unhappy one from the start and Muhammad Baraghani seemed to have been reluctant to allow his wife to further her literary pursuits.
In Qazvin Táhirih reportedly won renown for her beauty and respect for her knowledge, however the latter was a quality regarded as undesirable in a daughter and wife.
Her two sons fled from their father after their mother's death to Najaf and Tehran whilst the daughter died shortly after her mother's passing.
It was in the home of her cousin that Táhirih first became acquainted with and started correspondence with leaders of the Shaykhi movement, including Kazim Rashti, which flourished in the Shiʻi shrine cities in Iraq.
At first Valiyani was reluctant to allow his cousin to read the literature, citing the fact her father and uncle were great enemies of the movement.
Táhirih however was greatly attracted to the teachings, and was in regular correspondence with Siyyid Kazim, whom she regularly wrote asking theological questions.
However, with her newfound faith Táhirih found it difficult to comply with her family's rigid religious doctrine and began openly battling with them.
The religious tension resulted in Táhirih imploring her father, uncle and husband to allow her to make a pilgrimage to the holy shrines of Karbala.
At the age of about 26 in 1843, Táhirih separated from her husband and accompanied by her sister made a sojourn to Karbala.
His widow had allowed her to gain access to much of his unpublished works, and Táhirih made a bond with other women of his household.
She was however forced to follow protocol and taught her pupils from behind a curtain, as it was regarded as unbecoming for a woman's face to be seen in public.
It was equally considered unsuitable for a woman to be in the presence of men let alone teach, and it caused much controversy in Karbala.
She did nevertheless gain a wide and popular following including many women such as Kurshid Bagum (the future wife of the Núrayn-i-Nayyirayn) and the sister of Mullá Husayn.
Her teaching was received negatively by the male clergy and other male Shaykhis forced her to retreat to Kadhimiya for a short period.
As the only woman in this initial group of disciples, she is often compared to Mary Magdalene who, in turn, is likewise often considered to be a Christian antecedent of Tahirih.
Continuing to reside in Siyyid Kazim's home, she started to promulgate the new religion of the Báb, Bábism, and attracted many Shakhis to Karbala.
After some of the Shiʻa clergy complained, the government moved her to Baghdad, where she resided at the home of the mufti of Baghdad, Shaykh Mahmud Alusi, who was impressed by her devotion and intellect.
Táhirih's behaviour was regarded as unbecoming of a woman especially because of her family background and she was received negatively by the clergy.
At some point the authorities in Baghdad argued with the governor that since Táhirih was Persian she should instead be arguing her case in Iran, and in 1847, on instructions from the Ottoman authorities she, along with a number other Bábís, was deported to the Persian border.
A reason may have been her increasing note of innovation in religious matters – in his early teachings, the Báb stressed the necessity for his followers to observe the Islamic Sharia, even to perform acts of supererogatory piety.
Táhirih seems to have been particularly conscious of this and to have linked the concept of the Bāb's overriding authority in religious matters with ideas originating in Shaykhism.
most learned scholar of the Quran and the traditions; think of her as the daughter of a jurist family of letters, daughter of the greatest high priest of her province and very rich, enjoying high rank, living in an artistic palace, and distinguished among her...friends for her boundless, immeasurable courage.
Her poetry illustrates an impressive knowledge of Persian and Arabic literature which Táhirih possessed, seldom seen in a woman in mid-nineteenth century Iran.
Although it is widely considered her signature poem and a masterpiece, it has been claimed by Mohit Tabátabá'i to be older and by someone else – though in making this claim he offered no proof and any argument to the contrary is not possible in Iran.
The result of this propitious find of poems previously unpublished, untranslated, and largely unknown, was the publication of two volumes by Hatcher and Hemmat containing both translation of the poetry into English and copies of the original calligraphy.
As Hatcher and Hemmat explain in the introductions to these two volumes, some scholars question whether or not all the poems in the manuscript are by Táhirih.
During her journey back to Qazvin, she openly taught the Bábí faith, including on stops in Kirand and Kermanshah, where she debated with the leading cleric of the town, Aqa ʻAbdu'llah-i-Bihbihani.
She then travelled to the small town of Sahneh and then to Hamadan, where she met her brothers who had been sent to ask for her return to Qazvin.
Upon returning to Qazvin in July 1847 she refused to live with her husband whom she considered an infidel, and instead stayed with her brother.
Rumours circulated in the court of Táhirih's immorality, but these were most likely hearsay concocted to undermine her position and ruin her reputation.
Such rumours were damaging to the Baraghani families reputation and Táhirih wrote a letter to her father claiming they were merely lies.
Her father may have remained unconvinced about the rumours but her uncle Mulla Muhammad Taqi Baraghani was horrified and resentful to the Báb, whom he blamed for having brought his family to ill repute.
While she was in Qazvin, her uncle, Mulla Muhammad Taqi Baraghani, was murdered, and the blame for this placed on her by her husband, even though she denied any involvement.
During Táhirih's stay in Qazvin, Baraghani had embarked on a series of sermons in which he attacked the Báb and his followers.
There is no hard evidence as to the identity of the murderer, nor any proof as to Táhirih's involvement or lack of it.
With her arrest Táhirih's powerful father convinced the authorities that rather than kill Táhirih, she would be imprisoned in her home.
Though interpreted as a cruel act in Root's interviews with family members of Táhirih one claimed this was done out of genuine fear for her safety.
In her trial Táhirih was questioned hour after hour about the murder of her uncle, in which she denied any involvement.
To exert pressure on her, Táhirih was threatened to be branded as was her maid who was almost tortured to procure evidence from Táhirih.
Táhirih asked Baháʼu'lláh if she could go to Māku as a pilgrim to see the Báb, who was then still a prisoner, but Baháʼu'lláh explained the impossibility of the trek.
In June–July 1848, a number of Bábí leaders met in the hamlet of Badasht at a conference, organized in part and financed by Baháʼu'lláh, that set in motion the public existence and promulgation of the Bábí movement.
In one account the purpose of the conference was to initiate a complete break in the Babi community with the Islamic past.
and it was Tahirih who pushed the notion that there should be an armed rebellion to save the Bab and create the break.
It seems that much of what Tahirih was pushing was beyond what most of the other Babis were about to accept.
Bábís were divided somewhat between those that viewed the movement as a break with Islam, centered around Táhirih, and those with a more cautious approach, centered around Quddus.
As an act of symbolism, she took off her traditional veil in front of an assemblage of men on one occasion and brandished a sword on another.
Prior to this, many had regarded Táhirih as the epitome of purity and the spiritual return of Fatimah, the daughter of the prophet Muhammad.
Many screamed in horror at the sight, and one man was so horrified that he cut his own throat and, with blood pouring from his neck, fled the scene.
The conference of Badasht is considered by Bábís and Baháʼís as a signal moment that demonstrated that the Sharia had been abrogated and superseded by Bábí law.
After the conference at Badasht Táhirih and Quddus travelled to Mazandaran province together, where they then separated, very often facing harassment on their journey.
According to Lisan al-Mulk the harassment was due to their staying in the same inns, and using the same public bath.
Nearby villagers attacked the Bábís and during that time Táhirih was captured, and put under house arrest in Tehran in the home of the Mahmud Khan.
Whilst in the house of Mahmud Khan she earned respect from women around Tehran who flocked to see her and even the Mahmud Khan himself.
The Shah then wrote her a letter in which he explained that she should deny the teachings of the Báb, and that if she did so then she would be given an exalted position in his harem.
Though a prisoner, Táhirih still had relative freedom in the sense that she still taught her religion to people in the mayor's house.
Her words soon made her an influential character and women flocked to see Táhirih, including one princess of the Qajar family who converted.
The clergy and members of the court, however, feared that she had grown too influential, and they organized seven conferences with Táhirih to convince her to recant her faith in the Báb.
After the final conference, the delegation returned and began composing an edict denouncing Táhirih as a heretic, and implying that she should be sentenced to death.
Two years after the execution of the Báb, three Bábís, acting on their own initiative, attempted to assassinate Nasser-al-Din Shah as he was returning from the chase to his palace at Niyávarfin.
The attempt failed, but was the cause of a fresh persecution of the Bábís and Táhirih was blamed due to her Bábí faith.
To the wife of Mahmud Khan she made one supplication: that she be left in peace to continue her prayers in peace.
In the dead of the night in secret, Táhirih was taken to the nearby garden Ilkhani in Tehran, and with her own veil was strangled to death.
A prominent Bábí, and subsequently Baháʼí, historian cites the wife of an officer who had the chance to know her that she was strangled by a drunken officer of the government with her own veil which she had chosen for her anticipated martyrdom.
As a charismatic individual, she was able to transcend the restrictions normally placed on women in traditional society where she lived, and thus attracted attention to the Cause.
She wrote copiously on Bábí matters, and of that volume about a dozen significant works and a dozen personal letters have survived.
They are outlined (including the contents of some further treatises that have been lost) by Denis MacEoin in 'The Sources for Early Babi Doctrines and History' 107–116.
In addition to being well known among Baháʼís, who consider her one of the leading women figures of their religion, Táhirih's influence has extended beyond the Baháʼí community as her life has come to inspire later generations of feminists.
A very early western account of Táhirih would have been on January 2, 1913 when ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the Baháʼí Faith, spoke on women's suffrage to the Women's Freedom League – part of his address and print coverage of his talk noted mentions of Táhirih to the organization.
which was performed in St. Petersburg in 1904 and again in 1916/7, and lauded by Leo Tolstoy and other reviewers at the time.
In Velimir Khlebnikov's writings and poems she is mentioned frequently (as ); a number of Khlebnikov's poems describes her execution (sometimes mistakingly as a burning on a stake).
The writer adopts the revolving points of view, of mother, sister, daughter and wife respectively, to trace the impact of this woman's actions on her contemporaries and read her prophetic insights.
Sarah Bernhardt, the best known French actress of her day, asked two of her contemporary authors Catulle Mendès and Henri Antoine Jules-Bois to write a play about Tahirih and the Babis for her to portray on stage.
Shabnam Tolouei Iranian actress and filmmaker living in France, has made a documentary of 67 minutes about the life of Tahirih Qurratul'Ayn, in April 2016.
She was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at Staten Island, New York, on 30 November 1944, launched on 10 May 1945 by Mrs. H. I. Cone, and commissioned on 18 August 1945.
She deployed with the 6th Fleet to the Mediterranean, participated in Sea Dragon and Market Time operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties, and carried out Naval Gunfire Support missions during the Vietnam War.
After a week at Newport, Rhode Island, she sailed on an extensive goodwill tour to ports in northern and southern Europe, welcoming visitors at each city.
She operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean from her homeport of Norfolk, Virginia, until the summer of 1947; then carried midshipmen on a training cruise to northern Europe.
by Cone's transportation of the United States and British Ambassadors to Greece on a diplomatic call on the monasteries of Mount Athos.
She served again in the Mediterranean in 1952, and on 28 August 1953, cleared Newport for a cruise around the world, sailing by way of Panama, San Diego, Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Yokosuka to join TF 77 on patrol off Korea, and continuing home with calls at Hong Kong, Bahrein, Port Said, Naples, Villefranche, and Lisbon, returning to Norfolk 9 April 1954.
Alerted during the Suez Crisis, she joined a task force which sailed to the eastern Atlantic to stand by, then called at Lisbon and returned home when its services were not needed.
In 1958 and 1959-60 Cone served with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean; through the remainder of the 1960s, she conducted exercises in the Caribbean, operated locally from her new home port, Charleston, S.C., and visited northern European waters during NATO maneuvers.
1981–1982, the Cone's two twin mount guns went through a complete overhaul, with assistance from Charleston's SIMA, and of course some select parts from the decommed destroyer Laffey, which is moored at Patriot's Point museum facilities in Charleston.
Gunnersmates Eastwood and Larson brought the deteriorating condition of the gunmounts back to original status, both in cosmetic, and operational capabilities.
When pulling in to Savannah, Georgia, it was thought that a gun salute would be appropriate as the ship passed the waterfront with the crowds all standing in the majesty of the old cotton warehouses converted into shops, restaurants, bars, etc., and of course it was St. Patty's day 1982, so Gunnersmate Eastwood painted a large 3 leafed clover on the forward gunmount on both sides.
Alamgir's first crew included Cdr A U Khan (CO) later Commodore, Lcdr Aqeel Farooqi (XO), Cdr Ubaid (LO), Lt M Bashir Chaudhry (EO) later Commodore and Lcdr Shahid Latif (SO) later Rear Admiral.
In 1949, she became the first American ship to visit a Spanish port since the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.
The destroyer operated intermittently with the carriers of Task Force (TF) 77 in the Sea of Japan and with TF 95, the United Nations Escort and Blockading Force, along the west coast of Korea and in the Yellow Sea.
On the 19th, she put into Port Said, Egypt, and then sailed through the Mediterranean, visiting the sunny liberty ports along the way.
She was in the Mediterranean in 1958 during the Lebanon crisis and stood by to lend a hand until it was resolved.
From June 1960 until April 1966, she was modified extensively at the Charleston Navy Yard under the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM) program.
In August, she deployed to the 6th Fleet, but spent at least a third of that tour in the vicinity of the Persian Gulf, operating with the Middle East Force.
She exercised with units of the Saudi Arabian and Iranian navies and visited many new ports, notably Djibouti in French Somaliland, Kharg Island in Iran, and Aden.
In the spring of 1966, the destroyer received a Drone Antisubmarine Helicopter (DASH) system and, by 4 May 1966, completed DASH qualification.
Heading via the Panama Canal, San Diego, and Pearl Harbor, the destroyer made for Yokosuka, Japan, and then operations off the coast of Vietnam.
When not operating in the combat zone, she put into Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hong Kong; and Subic Bay in the Philippines for repairs after a collision with a barge being towed by RVN tug during a nighttime underway replenishment .
The first 6th Fleet deployment (from August 1970 to March 1971) was an active tour of duty, encompassing as it did the Jordanian crisis of 1970.
With Syrian elements and left-wing Jordanians attempting to topple King Hussein from his throne, the 6th Fleet was mobilized to maintain a striking force poised in the eastern Mediterranean.
It was given over to normal operations and exercises with other units of the fleet and with units of foreign navies.
In March 1973, she sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and up through the Indian Ocean to rejoin the Middle East Force.
Per Navy Unit Awards posted on awards.navy.mil for the USS Stribling DD-867, the ship received the Navy's Meritorious Unit Commendation for the period 12 September 1970 to 31 October 1970.
The Stribling also earned credit for the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for the periods 17 to 23 July 1958; 25 June 1968; and 9 to 15 June 1969. Credit for Vietnam Service was accrued during the periods 20 March 1969 to 25 April 1969; 4 to 26 May 1969; 28 June 1969 to 2 July 1969; and 12 July 1969 to 3 August 1969.
The Stribling also earned credit for the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation with Palm during the periods 21 March 1969 to 2 April 1969; and 23 to 26 July 1969.
During World War II, Butaritari was known by US forces as Makin Atoll, and was the site of the Battle of Makin.
Butaritari was called Makin Atoll by the U.S. military, and present-day Makin was then known as Makin Meang (Northern Makin) or Little Makin to distinguish it.
The south and southeast portion of the atoll comprises a nearly continuous islet, broken only by a single, broad section of interislet reef.
Bikati and Bikatieta islets occupy a corner of the reef at the extreme northwest tip of the atoll, bordering a small lagoon to the north of the main lagoon.
The erosion problems are identified as being linked to aggregate mining, land reclamation and the construction of causeways that is thought to change the currents along the shoreline.
The causeways have also resulted to reduced flushing of the lagoon that has resulted in low levels of oxygen in the lagoon, which has caused damage to fish stocks in the lagoon and causes other biological problems.
Typical annual rainfall is about 4 m, compared with about 2 m on Tarawa Atoll and 1 m in the far south of Kiribati.
Butaritari has the greatest potential for agriculture in Kiribati: bananas, breadfruit and papaya grow well, and successful cultivars of pumpkin, cabbage, cucumber, eggplant and other vegetables have been created with assistance from the Taiwan Technical Mission based in South Tarawa.
However, most households keep to a subsistence lifestyle and, although food is plentiful, money is often scarce as there are few paid jobs on the island.
The people of Kuma village had the power to call dolphins or whales, and used this ability on special occasions to provide meat for important feasts such as the opening of a new maneaba.
The earliest trading companies on Butaritari were the Hamburg-based Handels-und Plantagen-Gesellschaft der Südsee-Inseln zu Hamburg (DHPG) with Pacific headquarters in Samoa, and On Chong (Chinese traders with Australian connections via the goldfields).
These traders helped Butaritari became the commercial and trading capital of the Gilbert Islands until Burns Philp, a powerful trading company, moved to Tarawa, following the seat of political power.
At this time Nakaeia was the ruler of Butaritari and Makin atolls, his father being Tebureimoa and his grandfather being Tetimararoa.
Nakaeia allowed two San Francisco trading firms to operate, Messrs. Crawford and Messrs. Wightman Brothers, with up to 12 Europeans resident on islands of the atolls.
The presence of the Europeans, and the alcohol they traded to the islanders, resulted in periodic alcoholic binges that only ended with Nakaeia making tapu (forbidding) the sale of alcohol.
During the 15 or so days that Stevenson spent on Butaritari the islanders were engaged in a drunken spree that threatened the safety of Stevenson and his family.
Stevenson adopted the strategy of describing himself as the son of Queen Victoria so as to ensure that he would be treated as a person who should not be threatened or harmed.
Lying east of the Marshall islands, Makin would make an excellent seaplane base, extending Japanese air patrols closer to Howland Island, Baker Island, Tuvalu, Phoenix and Ellice Islands, all held by the Allies and protecting the eastern flank of the Japanese perimeter from an Allied attack.
Most were of aviation or Japanese and Korean labor units who had little or no combat training and were not assigned weapons or a battle station.
A series of strongpoints was established along Butaritari's ocean side as the Japanese expected the invasion to come from there, following the example of a raid in 1942.
Without aircraft, ships, or hope of reinforcement or relief, the outnumbered and outgunned defenders could only try to delay the American attack for as long as possible.
As compared to an estimated 395 Japanese and Koreans killed in action, American combat casualties numbered 66 killed and 152 wounded.
Counting the 687 sailors who went down with the carrier, American casualties exceeded the strength of the entire Japanese garrison on Makin.
Butaritari is served by a twice weekly air service connecting with neighbouring Makin and the capital, South Tarawa, provided by Air Kiribati.
The aim was to facilitate the development of a strong cash crop economy on the island and link the Marshall Islands with Kiribati.
Unfortunately, with the demise of Air Nauru in 2008, the only international air connection is through South Tarawa, which is connected by a twice weekly Fiji Airways flight with Fiji.
There are three guesthouses on Butaritari, providing a basic level of accommodation aimed mainly at government staff and visitors, though tourists are welcomed.
Venetian or Venetan ( or ), is a Romance language spoken as a native language by Venetians, almost four million people in the northeast of Italy, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it, centered in and around Venice, which carries the prestige dialect.
It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia Giulia, Istria, and some towns of Slovenia and Dalmatia (Croatia) by a surviving autochthonous Venetian population, and Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico by Venetians in the diaspora.
Although referred to as an Italian dialect (, ) even by its speakers, Venetian is a separate language with many local varieties.
Like all Italian dialects in the Romance language family, Venetian is descended from Vulgar Latin and influenced by the Italian language.
The language enjoyed substantial prestige in the days of the Venetian Republic, when it attained the status of a lingua franca in the Mediterranean.
They are ranked among the foremost Italian theatrical authors of all time, and plays by Goldoni and Gozzi are still performed today all over the world.
Other notable works in Venetian are the translations of the Iliad by Casanova (1725–1798) and Francesco Boaretti, the translation of the Divine Comedy (1875) by Giuseppe Cappelli and the poems of Biagio Marin (1891–1985).
Even before the demise of the Republic, Venetian gradually ceased to be used for administrative purposes in favor of the Tuscan-derived Italian language that had been proposed and used as a vehicle for a common Italian culture, strongly supported by eminent Venetian humanists and poets, from Pietro Bembo (1470–1547), a crucial figure in the development of the Italian language itself, to Ugo Foscolo (1778–1827).
Despite recent steps to recognize it, Venetian remains far below the threshold of inter-generational transfer with younger generations preferring standard Italian in many situations.
Venetian spread to other continents as a result of mass migration from the Veneto region between 1870 and 1905, and 1945 and 1960.
This itself was a by-product of the 1866 Italian annexation and heavy taxations (tassa sul macinato/mill tax), because the latter subjected the poorest sectors of the population to the vagaries of a newly integrated, developing national industrial economy centered on north-western Italy.
Tens of thousands of starving peasants and craftsmen were thrown off their lands or out of their workshops, forced to seek better fortune overseas.
Venetian migrants created large Venetian-speaking communities in Argentina, Brazil (see Talian), and Mexico (see Chipilo Venetian dialect), where the language is still spoken today.
Though the law does not explicitly grant Venetian any official status, it provides for Venetian as object of protection and enhancement, as an essential component of the cultural, social, historical and civil identity of Veneto.
Venetian is spoken mainly in the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia and in both Slovenia and Croatia (Istria, Dalmatia and the Kvarner Gulf).
Smaller communities are found in Lombardy (Mantua), Trentino, Emilia-Romagna (Rimini and Forlì), Sardinia (Arborea, Terralba, Fertilia), Lazio (Pontine Marshes), and formerly in Romania (Tulcea).
Notable examples of this are Argentina and Brazil, particularly the city of São Paulo and the Talian dialect spoken in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
The town was settled by immigrants from the Veneto region, and some of their descendants have preserved the language to this day.
People from Chipilo have gone on to make satellite colonies in Mexico, especially in the states of Guanajuato, Querétaro, and State of Mexico.
The people of Chipilo preserve their dialect and call it , and it has been preserved as a variant since the 19th century.
In 2009, the Brazilian city of Serafina Corrêa, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, gave Talian a joint official status alongside Portuguese.
Until the middle of the 20th century, Venetian was also spoken on the Greek Island of Corfu, which had long been under the rule of the Republic of Venice.
Moreover, Venetian had been adopted by a large proportion of the population of Cephalonia, one of the Ionian Islands, because the island was part of the for almost three centuries.
Its classification has always been controversial: according to Tagliavini, for example, it is one of the Italo-Dalmatian languages and most closely related to Istriot on the one hand and Tuscan–Italian on the other.
For example, Venetian did not undergo vowel rounding or nasalization, palatalize and , or develop rising diphthongs and , and it preserved final syllables, whereas, as in Italian, Venetian diphthongization occurs in historically open syllables.
Modern Venetian is not a close relative of the extinct Venetic language spoken in Veneto before Roman expansion, although both are Indo-European, and Venetic may have been an Italic language, like Latin, the ancestor of Venetian and most other languages of Italy.
The earlier Venetic people gave their name to the city and region, which is why the modern language has a similar name.
Like most Romance languages, Venetian has mostly abandoned the Latin case system, in favor of prepositions and a more rigid subject–verb–object sentence structure.
Venetian also has the Romance articles, both definite (derived from the Latin demonstrative ) and indefinite (derived from the numeral ).
Adjectives (usually postfixed) and articles are inflected to agree with the noun in gender and number, but it is important to mention that the suffix might be deleted because the article is the part that suggests the number.
This feature may have arisen as a compensation for the fact that the 2nd- and 3rd-person inflections for most verbs, which are still distinct in Italian and many other Romance languages, are identical in Venetian.
For instance, in Venetian the clitic marks the indicative verb and its masculine singular subject, otherwise there is an imperative preceded by a vocative.
The voiceless interdental fricative occurs in Bellunese, north-Trevisan, and in some Central Venetian rural areas around Padua, Vicenza and the mouth of the river Po.
Because the pronunciation variant is more typical of older speakers and speakers living outside of major cities, it has come to be socially stigmatized, and most speakers now use or instead of .
In those dialects with the pronunciation , the sound has fallen together with ordinary , and so it is not uncommon to simply write (or between vowels) instead of or (such as ).
In those dialects that have both types, the precise phonetic realization of depends both on its phonological environment and on the dialect of the speaker.
The extent to which final vowels are deleted varies by dialect: the central–southern varieties delete vowels only after , whereas the northern variety delete vowels also after dental stops and velars; the eastern and western varieties are in between these two extremes.
Speakers of Italian generally lack this sound and usually substitute a dental for final Venetian , changing for example to and to .
Compared to Italian, in Venetian syllabic rhythms are more evenly timed, accents are less marked, but on the other hand tonal modulation is much wider and melodic curves are more intricate.
As a direct descent of regional spoken Latin, Venetian lexicon derives its vocabulary substantially from Latin and (in more recent times) from Tuscan, so that most of its words are cognate with the corresponding words of Italian.
Venetian does not have an official writing system, but it is traditionally written using the Latin script — sometimes with certain additional letters or diacritics.
Medieval texts, written in Old Venetian, include the letters , and to represent sounds that do not exist or have a different distribution in Italian.
In particular, as in other northern Italian languages, the letters and were often used interchangeably for both voiced and voiceless sounds.
Differences between earlier and modern pronunciation, divergences in pronunciation within the modern Venetian-speaking region, differing attitudes about how closely to model spelling on Italian norms, as well as personal preferences, some of which reflect sub-regional identities, have all hindered the adoption of a single unified spelling system.
(Before consonants there is no contrast between and , as in Italian, so a single is always used in this circumstance, it being understood that the will agree in voicing with the following consonant.
Nevertheless, in some books the two pronunciations are sometimes distinguished (in between vowels at least) by using doubled to indicate (or in some dialects ) but a single for (or , ).
In more recent practice the use of to represent , both in word-initial as well as in intervocalic contexts, has become increasingly common, but no entirely uniform convention has emerged for the representation of the voiced vs. voiceless affricates (or interdental fricatives), although a return to using and remains an option under consideration.
Different orthographic norms prescribe slightly different rules for when stressed vowels must be written with accents or may be left unmarked, and no single system has been accepted by all speakers.
Some authors have continued or resumed the use of , but only when the resulting word is not too different from the Italian orthography: in modern Venetian writings, it is then easier to find words as and , rather than and , even though all these four words display the same phonological variation in the position marked by the letter .
However, in spite of their theoretical advantages, these proposals have not been very successful outside of academic circles, because of regional variations in pronunciation and incompatibility with existing literature.
More recently, on December 14, 2017, the Modern International Manual of Venetian Spelling has been approved by the new Commission for Spelling of 2010.
It has been translated in three languages (Italian, Venetian and English) and it exemplifies and explains every single letter and every sound of the Venetian language.
Overall, the system has been greatly simplified from previous ones to allow both Italian and foreign speakers to learn and understand the Venetian spelling and alphabet in a more straightforward way.
The Venetian speakers of Chipilo use a system based on Spanish orthography, even though it does not contain letters for and .
The list below shows some examples of imported words, with the date of first appearance in English according to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.
Leonard Percy de Wolfe Tilley (May 21, 1870 – December 26, 1947) was a New Brunswick lawyer, politician and the 21st Premier.
Tilley was born in Ottawa, the son of Samuel Leonard Tilley, one of the Fathers of Confederation, and grew up there and in Fredericton.
Tilley articled in law with Sir Frederick Barker, was called to the bar in 1893 and set up practice in Saint John.
Tilley was elected to the provincial legislature in 1916 as a Conservative MLA and became a cabinet minister in 1925 under Premier John B. M. Baxter.
In 1931 Baxter's successor, Charles D. Richards made Tilley Minister of Lands and Mines, a position he held until succeeding Richards in 1933 as Premier.
The Conservative government, despite two changes in premiers, was unable to deal with the Great Depression or maintain public confidence and Tilley's government was defeated in the 1935 election.
Its keel was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at Staten Island in New York on 13 February 1945; launched on 7 July 1945, sponsored by Ensign Caroline Brownson Hart, USNR, granddaughter of Admiral Brownson; and commissioned on 17 November 1945, Commander William R. Cox in command.
On 10 February 1947, a boat party attempted to make a landing in the Antarctic on Charcot Island but was unsuccessful because of heavy field ice within three miles of the coastline.
In February 1948 she took part in the 2nd Fleet exercises in the Caribbean and then Joined the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean.
Returning to Newport in February 1953, she operated along the Atlantic seaboard and in the Caribbean until August 1954, with the exception of one Midshipmen cruise and participation in Operation Springboard.
The purpose of the radar pod was to detect submarines under a thermal layer which would hide their presents from a hulled placed sonar receiver.
In 1962 the ship transferred to Cuban waters during the period of tension that culminated in the Cuban quarantine (The Cuban Missile Crisis).
It was later modified in the Boston NSY in 1967 with a large, low frequency, rubberized, prototype sonar dome just forward of midships and a smaller sonar receiver, aft but also along the keel, to achieve '3D' sonar 'pictures'.
After a brief shipyard in Boston, the NIXIE anti torpedo system was installed and further tested at sea on multiple cruises.
It underwent REFTRA (Refresher Training) in Gitmo in winter 1971-72, joined the Sixth Fleet north of Egypt that spring, and participated in NATO fleet exercises.
It grouped together the Papuan languages of New Guinea and Melanesia with the languages of the Andaman Islands (or at least Great Andamanese) and, tentatively, the languages of Tasmania, both of which are remote from New Guinea.
Recently the Kusunda language (and possibly other unclassificated languages), which is generally seen as language isolate, is also included in the Indo-Pacific proposal.
The Indo-Pacific proposal, grouping the non-Austronesian languages of New Guinea with certain languages spoken on islands to the east and west of New Guinea, was first made by Greenberg in 1971.
Greenberg's supporter Merritt Ruhlen considers Indo-Pacific an extremely diverse and ancient family, far older than Austronesian, which reflects a migration from southeast Asia that began only 6,000 years ago; he notes that New Guinea was inhabited by modern humans at least 40,000 years ago, and possibly 10,000 to 15,000 years earlier than that.
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza sees Indo-Pacific as a very heterogenous family of 700 languages and suggests that it may be more than 40,000 years old.
Greenberg's proposal was based on rough estimation of lexical similarity and typological similarity and has not reached a stage where it can be confirmed by the standard comparative method, including the reconstruction of a protolanguage.
Wurm's Trans–New Guinea languages family includes about 70 percent of the languages Greenberg included in Indo-Pacific, though the internal classification is entirely different.
He found that all branches of Indo-Pacific except Tasmanian and Andamanese include languages from Trans–New Guinea, and that this explains the more reasonable cognates that Greenberg proposed, but because these Trans–New Guinea languages are mixed in with languages from other families in those branches, cognates linking the branches do not provide support for Greenberg's proposal that all Papuan languages are related.
The park is located in the St. Lawrence Valley on the Oswegatchie River approximately from Black Lake and approximately southwest of Ogdensburg.
The park is open from Memorial Day through Labor Day and offers 38 campsites, picnic tables and pavilions, bass fishing, and hiking trails.
The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion.
Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth.
While the tournament is frequently referenced as the College Cup, the NCAA applies the title only to the semifinal and championship rounds of the tournament proper.
Since the tournament began, the semifinal and final fixtures have been held at a neutral site predetermined by the NCAA prior to the start of the regular season.
The at-large teams are selected by a committee consisting of representatives from each of the eight regions the NCAA has divided the country into.
The committee uses a number of criteria, the most influential supposedly being the Ratings Percentage Index, a mathematical formula designed to objectively compare the results and strength of schedule of all Division I teams.
This list consists of the top twenty-five men's college soccer teams in terms of appearances in the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship.
In the cultivars of the Flavescens-Group, the leaf stalks are large and often prepared separately from the leaf blade; the Cicla-Group is the leafy spinach beet.
The leaf blade can be green or reddish in color; the leaf stalks are usually white, or a colorful yellow or red.
Chard has been used in cooking for centuries, but because of its similarity to beets and vegetables such as cardoon, the common names that cooks and cultures have used for chard may be confusing; it has many common names, such as silver beet, perpetual spinach, beet spinach, seakale beet, or leaf beet.
The two rankless cultivar groups for chard are the Cicla-Group for the leafy spinach beet, and the Flavescens-Group for the stalky Swiss chard.
Some attribute the name to it having been first described by a Swiss botanist, either Gaspard Bauhin or Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (although the latter was German, not Swiss).
Clusters of chard seeds are usually sown, in the Northern Hemisphere, between June and October, depending on the desired harvesting period.
Chard can be harvested while the leaves are young and tender, or after maturity when they are larger and have slightly tougher stems.
Cultivars of chard include green forms, such as 'Lucullus' and 'Fordhook Giant', as well as red-ribbed forms such as 'Ruby Chard' and 'Rhubarb Chard'.
The red-ribbed forms are attractive in the garden, but as a general rule, the older green forms tend to outproduce the colorful hybrids.
It is one of the hardier leafy greens, with a harvest season typically lasting longer than kale, spinach, or baby greens.
In a 100-g serving, raw Swiss chard provides of food energy and has rich content (> 19% of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamins A, K, and C, with 122%, 1038%, and 50%, respectively, of the DV.
When chard is boiled, vitamin and mineral contents are reduced compared to raw chard, but still supply significant proportions of the DV (table).
She was launched on 3 May 1942; sponsored by Mrs. F. F. Fletcher, widow of Admiral Fletcher; and commissioned on 30 June 1942, with Lieutenant Commander William M. Cole in command.
Sailing from Espiritu Santo 9 November to cover the landing of reinforcements on the embattled island, she joined in driving off a heavy enemy air attack on the transports 12 November, splashing several enemy aircraft.
The resulting Battle of Tassafaronga saw one Japanese destroyer sunk, and one slightly damaged, and four American cruisers badly damaged, though all but one were saved by superb damage control measures.
The destroyer continued to operate in the Solomon Islands, patrolling, bombarding shore targets, driving off Japanese air attacks, rescuing downed aviators, destroying Japanese landing barges, and covering new landings on the northern coast of Guadalcanal.
She supported the landings on the Russell Islands on 21 February, bombarded Munda airfield on New Georgia during the night of 5/6 March, and then continued to guard the movement of transports in the Solomons.
She left Espiritu Santo on 19 June for a Stateside overhaul, returning to Nouméa on 27 September to resume her former activities until 31 October.
Then she sortied with an aircraft carrier task force to provide air support for the invasion of the Gilbert Islands, fighting off a Japanese counterattack from the air 26 November.
She screened a force of troop transports from San Diego to Lahaina Roads from 13–21 January 1944, then joined a bombardment group to fire on Wotje Atoll 30 January.
The next day, she rendezvoused with the main attack force for the landings on Kwajalein, screening the transports and patrolling off the atoll until 4 February.
This was her base during the next month as she supported the Humboldt Bay landings, and by covering reinforcement landings on 30 April.
She made one patrol against any attempt of the Japanese to reinforce their Biak garrison, then covered and provided shore bombardment for the invasions of Noemfoor, Sansapor, and Morotai, as well as patrolling and escorting reinforcements for these various operations through the summer.
She covered them while they sent their boats ashore in the initial landings 20 October, and next day departed for New Guinea, thus clearing Leyte Gulf before the great battle for its control broke out.
She returned to Leyte with transports carrying reinforcements 23 November, and through the next month, continued her support of the first phase of the liberation of the Philippines, escorting convoys, firing prelanding bombardments at Ormoc Bay and Mindoro, and firing on Japanese aircraft in several attacks.
She splashed at least one of the many Japanese aircraft which attacked on 8 January, and during the landings in Lingayen Gulf the next day, patrolled the Gulf.
After supporting the landings on San Antonio Beach, Luzon, on 29 January, she entered Subic Bay to cover minesweeping, then on 31 January provided fire support to the landings in Nasugbu Bay.
After exercises off San Diego and in Hawaii, she was docked at San Diego until placed in commission in reserve 7 August 1946, and out of commission in reserve 15 January 1947.
She also participated in the Battle of Inchon from 13–17 September, and returned to Pearl Harbor, her home port, on 11 November.
Returning to Pearl Harbor on 20 June 1952, she was at sea again from 5 September to 24 November for Operation Ivy, then completed another tour of Far Eastern duty from 14 May to 30 November 1953.
The plants are grown for their large, dark-colored, edible leaves and as a garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, Portugal, the southern United States, many parts of Africa, the Balkans, northern Spain, and Kashmir.
Collard greens have been eaten for at least 2000 years, with evidence showing that the ancient Greeks cultivated several types of collard, as well as kale.
For best texture, the leaves are picked before they reach their maximum size, at which stage they are thicker and are cooked differently from the new leaves.
Like kale, collard greens contain substantial amounts of vitamin K (388% of the Daily Value, DV) in a 100 gram serving.
Collard greens are rich sources (20% or more of DV) of vitamin A, vitamin C, and manganese, and moderate sources of calcium and vitamin B6.
Collards have been cultivated in Europe for thousands of years with references to the Greeks and Romans back to the 1st Century.
Typically used in combination with collard greens are smoked and salted meats (ham hocks, smoked turkey drumsticks, smoked turkey necks, pork neckbones, fatback or other fatty meat), diced onions, vinegar, salt, and black pepper, white pepper, or crushed red pepper, and some cooks add a small amount of sugar.
Traditionally, collards are eaten on New Year's Day, along with black-eyed peas or field peas and cornbread, to ensure wealth in the coming year.
Collard greens may also be thinly sliced and fermented to make a collard sauerkraut that is often cooked with flat dumplings.
It is commonly eaten with Sadza (ugali in West & East Africa, pap in South Africa and polenta in Italy) as part of the staple food.
Some (more traditionally, the Shona people) add beef, pork and other meat to the mbida mix for a type of stew.
Most people eat mbida on a regular basis in Zimbabwe as it is economical and as previously mentioned, can be grown with little to no effort in one's own garden.
For this broth, the leaves are sliced into strips, wide (sometimes by a grocer or market vendor using a special hand-cranked slicer) and added to the other ingredients 15 minutes before it is served.
Leaves in the bud are harvested by pinching in early spring when the dormant buds sprout and give out tender leaves.
On Brassicas it has been reported in several states, including Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, and Kansas (Manzanilla- López et al., 2002).
It is the science concerned with the recognition, evaluation, and control of health hazards to permit the safe use and application of ionizing radiation.
Health physicists principally work at facilities where radionuclides or other sources of ionizing radiation (such as X-ray generators) are used or produced; these include hospitals, government laboratories, academic and research institutions, nuclear power plants, regulatory agencies, and manufacturing plants.
The subfield of operational health physics, also called applied health physics in older sources, focuses on field work and the practical application of health physics knowledge to real-world situations, rather than basic research.
Health physicists, however, focus on the evaluation and protection of human health from radiation, whereas medical health physicists and medical physicists support the use of radiation and other physics-based technologies by medical practitioners for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Installed instruments are fixed in positions which are known to be important in assessing the general radiation hazard in an area.
The area monitor will measure the ambient radiation, usually X-Ray, Gamma or neutrons; these are radiations which can have significant radiation levels over a range in excess of tens of metres from their source, and thereby cover a wide area.
Interlock monitors are used in applications to prevent inadvertent exposure of workers to an excess dose by preventing personnel access to an area when a high radiation level is present.
Airborne contamination monitors measure the concentration of radioactive particles in the atmosphere to guard against radioactive particles being deposited in the lungs of personnel.
The UK National Physical Laboratory has published a good practice guide through its Ionising Radiation Metrology Forum concerning the provision of such equipment and the methodology of calculating the alarm levels to be used.
The hand-held instrument is generally used as a survey meter to check an object or person in detail, or assess an area where no installed instrumentation exists.
Transportable instruments are generally instruments that would have been permanently installed, but are temporarily placed in an area to provide continuous monitoring where it is likely there will be a hazard.
In the United Kingdom the HSE has issued a user guidance note on selecting the correct radiation measurement instrument for the application concerned .
The fundamental units do not take into account the amount of damage done to matter (especially living tissue) by ionizing radiation.
It is calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose by a weighting factor W, which is different for each type of radiation (see table at Relative biological effectiveness#Standardization).
For comparison, the average 'background' dose of natural radiation received by a person per day, based on 2000 UNSCEAR estimate, makes BRET 6.6 μSv (660 μrem).
However local exposures vary, with the yearly average in the US being around 3.6 mSv (360 mrem), and in a small area in India as high as 30 mSv (3 rem).
In 1898, The Röntgen Society (Currently the British Institute of Radiology) established a committee on X-ray injuries, thus initiating the discipline of radiation protection.
The term was possibly coined by Robert Stone or Arthur Compton, since Stone was the head of the Health Division and Arthur Compton was the head of the Metallurgical Laboratory.
The first task of the Health Physics Section was to design shielding for reactor CP-1 that Enrico Fermi was constructing, so the original HPs were mostly physicists trying to solve health-related problems.
Entering service in 1942 during World War II the ship also saw action during the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
She engaged in an offensive sweep against the Tokyo Express, and received Presidential Unit Citation for the rescue of 468 survivors from the cruiser , which had been sunk at Kula Gulf.
The destroyer was damaged by a Japanese mine while supporting the liberation of Luzon in December 1944 and received a Presidential Unit Citation from the Philippine government.
Following the armistice in 1953, she alternated operations along the west coast and in Hawaiian waters with annual deployments to the western Pacific with the Seventh Fleet.
During this period, she participated in anti-submarine operations, escorted aircraft carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin, had two tours of duty on NGFS missions, a turn on the Taiwan patrol, served as forward picket for the Seventh Fleet units operating in the South China Sea and escorted President Lyndon B. Johnson's support units to Malaysia during his tour of southeast Asia.
She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 10 November 1969, and sold for scrap in October 1970, but not before she fought one last battle on her own.
She broke away from the tug that was towing her from Vallejo, California to the Portland, Oregon scrap yard, and took them on a , all day chase toward the Oregon coast.
Grameen Bank originated in 1976, in the work of Professor Muhammad Yunus at University of Chittagong, who launched a research project to study how to design a credit delivery system to provide banking services to the rural poor.
Muhammad Yunus was inspired during the Bangladesh famine of 1974 to make a small loan of US$27 to a group of 42 families as start-up money so that they could make items for sale, without the burdens of high interest under predatory lending.
Yunus believed that making such loans available to a larger population could stimulate businesses and reduce the widespread rural poverty in Bangladesh.
He began to expand microcredit as a research project together with the Rural Economics Project at Bangladesh's University of Chittagong to test his method for providing credit and banking services to the rural poor.
In 1976, the village of Jobra and other villages near the University of Chittagong became the first areas eligible for service from Grameen Bank.
Proving successful, the Bank project, with support from Bangladesh Bank, was extended in 1979 to the Tangail District (to the north of the capital, Dhaka).
Bankers Ron Grzywinski and Mary Houghton of ShoreBank, a community development bank in Chicago, helped Yunus with the official incorporation of the bank under a grant from the Ford Foundation.
The bank's repayment rate suffered from the economic disruption following the 1998 flood in Bangladesh, but it recovered in the subsequent years.
By the beginning of 2005, the bank had loaned over US$4.7 billion and by the end of 2008, US$7.6 billion to the poor.
In 2011, the Bangladesh Government forced Yunus to resign from Grameen Bank, saying that at age 72, he was years beyond the legal limit for the position.
Its success has inspired similar projects in more than 64 countries around the world, including a World Bank initiative to finance Grameen-type schemes.
The bonds are implicitly subsidised, as they are guaranteed by the Government of Bangladesh, and still they are sold above the bank rate.
In 2013, Bangladesh parliament passed 'Grameen Bank Act' which replaces the Grameen Bank Ordinance, 1983, authorising the government to make rules for any aspect of the running of the bank.
Grameen Bank is founded on the principle that loans are better than charity to interrupt poverty: they offer people the opportunity to take initiatives in business or agriculture, which provide earnings and enable them to pay off the debt.
The bank is founded on the belief that people have endless potential, and unleashing their creativity and initiative helps them end poverty.
Access to credit is based on reasonable terms, such as the group lending system and weekly-instalment payments, with reasonably long terms of loans, enabling the poor to build on their existing skills to earn better income in each cycle of loans.
Since 1995, Grameen has funded 90 percent of its loans with interest income and deposits collected, aligning the interests of its new borrowers and depositor-shareholders.
It targets the poorest of the poor, with a particular emphasis on women, who receive 95 percent of the bank's loans.
Yunus and others have found that lending to women generates considerable secondary effects, including empowerment of a marginalised segment of society (Yunus and Jolis 1998), who share betterment of income with their children, unlike many men.
Yunus claims that in 2004, women still have difficulty getting loans; they comprise less than 1 percent of borrowers from commercial banks (Yunus 2004).
The interest rates charged by microfinance institutes including Grameen Bank is high compared to that of traditional banks; Grameen's interest (reducing balance basis) on its main credit product is about 20%.
The bank has set a new goal: to make each of its branch locations free of poverty, as defined by benchmarks such as having adequate food and access to clean water and latrines.
But, in practice the group members often contribute the defaulted amount with an intention to collect the money from the defaulted member at a later time.
To supplement the lending, Grameen Bank requires the borrowing members to save very small amounts regularly in a number of funds, designated for emergency, the group, etc.
In a country in which few women may take out loans from large commercial banks, Grameen has focused on women borrowers; 97% of its members are women.
While a World Bank study has concluded that women's access to microcredit empowers them through greater access to resources and control over decision making, some other economists argue that the relationship between microcredit and women-empowerment is less straightforward.
Grameen says that more than half of its borrowers in Bangladesh (close to 50 million) have risen out of acute poverty thanks to their loan, as measured by such standards as having all children of school age in school, all household members eating three meals a day, a sanitary toilet, a rainproof house, clean drinking water, and the ability to repay a 300 taka-a-week (around US$4) loan.
The meeting has become the main platform for social businesses worldwide to foster discussions, actions and collaborations to develop effective solutions to the most pressing problems plaguing the world.
Moreover, it has improved the livelihoods of farmers and others who are provided access to critical market information and lifeline communications previously unattainable in some 28,000 villages of Bangladesh.
More than 55,000 phones are currently in operation, with more than 80 million people benefiting from access to market information, news from relatives, and more.
In 2003, Grameen Bank started a new program, different from its traditional group-based lending, exclusively targeted to the beggars in Bangladesh.
When Muhammad Yunus took the first steps toward establishing Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and began to provide micro-credit loans to those living in abject poverty in the rural area surrounding Jobra, he adopted and maintained two basic premises.
First, that credit is a human right; second, that the poor are those who know best how to better their own situation.
We get our first look at Muhammad Yunus's perception of the absolute poor when he meets Sufiya Begum, a bamboo stool maker who was trapped in poverty's vicious cycle due to a lack of 27 cents.
That is where we find that what will become Grameen bank, is founded upon one man's heart for those that society and big corporations could or would not help.
Taking productive action, Yunus worked with the banks and community around to empower people like Sufiya to be able to apply for credit, and use it in the best and most productive way that she knows how in her unique situation.
Later, as time progressed, more situations would arise, such as battling for those who were landless, or small-time farmers such as those in Jobra who could not use a deep tube-well that was available to them.
As Grameen bank has developed and expanded in the years since its beginning, it continues to operate on those same two principles.
Today, Grameen bank still assumes that when individuals are provided credit, they will be able to initiate upward social mobility for themselves through entrepreneurial endeavours.
As a result, Grameen differs from many other social justice efforts in that it does not include intensive rehabilitation training programs for the disadvantaged persons it serves.
Instead, Grameen gives its borrowers freedom to pursue a better future using the skills they already possess in the best way they can with membership in a five-person support group being the only requirement.
The Grameen Bank encourages its members to create a positive impact by becoming actively involved in the politics of their country.
According to Muhammad Yunus's book, Banker to the Poor, Yunus commissioned his bank staff to encourage Grameen borrowers to vote; however, the staff were not to influence the voters' decisions on which political party to support.
While all Grameen groups are required to exhibit a form of democracy (such as electing a chairperson and secretary), the Grameen staff were surprised to find that borrowers were thrilled with the opportunity to display their voting rights as citizens of Bangladesh in the 1991 national election.
The work of the Grameen staff initiated a sharp increase in political activity which continued into the 1992, 1996, and 1997 elections.
Since the Grameen Bank caters to women, the 1996 elections received more women voting than men, which led to the removal of political parties opposing women's rights.
Not only did more women participate in political activism, but over 1,750 Grameen members, 268 male and 1,485 female, were elected to local offices in 1997.
In an interview with PBS in 2006, (after sixteen years of experience with Grameen Bank as a social business) Yunus expressed satisfaction in the micro-credit system of Grameen bank as a motivation and an opportunity for the poor to improve their own situations.
He stressed that he has observed that Grameen's borrowers attain a sense of confidence and self-sufficiency when they pay back their loans from Grameen bank.
While being careful not to criticise charity's rightful place, he added that the recipient of a charitable gift does not experience these long-term emotional benefits in the same way.
Of the total equity of the bank, the borrowers own 94%, and the remaining 6% is owned by the Bangladesh government.
As of October 2007, the Bank has a staff of more than 24,703 employees; its 2,468 branches provide services to 80,257 villages, up from the 43,681 villages covered in 2003.
The bank has distributed BDT 1.437 trillion (US$20.92 billion) in loans, out of which BDT 1.317 trillion (US$19.02 billion) has been repaid.
From modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty.
Grameen Bank has been a source of ideas and models for the many institutions in the field of micro-credit that have sprung up around the world.
On 10 December 2006, Mosammat Taslima Begum, who used her first 16-euro (20-dollar) loan from the bank in 1992 to buy a goat and subsequently became a successful entrepreneur and one of the elected board members of the bank, accepted the Nobel Prize on behalf of Grameen Bank's investors and borrowers at the prize awarding ceremony held at Oslo City Hall.
Professor Ole Danbolt Mjøs, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, in his speech said that, by giving the prize to Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wanted to encourage attention on achievements of the Muslim world, on the women's perspective, and on the fight against poverty.
These organisations include Grameen Trust, Grameen Fund, Grameen Communications, Grameen Shakti (Grameen Energy), Grameen Telecom, Grameen Shikkha (Grameen Education), Grameen Motsho (Grameen Fisheries), Grameen Baybosa Bikash (Grameen Business Development), Grameen Phone, Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, Grameen Knitwear Limited, and Grameen Uddog (owner of the brand Grameen Check).
On 11 July 2005 the Grameen Mutual Fund One (GMFO), approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Bangladesh, was listed as an Initial Public Offering.
One of the first mutual funds of its kind, GMFO will allow the more than four million Grameen bank members, as well as non-members, to buy into Bangladesh's capital markets.
The Grameen Foundation was developed to share the Grameen philosophy and expand the benefits of microfinance for the world's poorest people.
Grameen Foundation, which has an A-rating from [Charity Watch], provides microloans in the USA (the only developed country where this is done), and supports microfinance institutions worldwide with loan guarantees, training, and technology transfer.
Researchers have noted instances when microloans from the Grameen Bank were linked to exploitation and pressures on poor families to sell their belongings, leading in extreme cases to humiliation and ultimately suicides.
The Mises Institute's Jeffrey Tucker suggests that microcredit banks depend on subsidies to operate, thus acting as another example of welfare.
He alleged that lending to women but not men inflamed women against men, and that consequently women were vowing not to obey their husbands or continue living in poverty.
The accusation is based on the unauthorised transfer of approximately US$100 million, donated by The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), from one Grameen entity to another in 1996, before the expiry of the Grameen Bank's tax exemption.
However, NORAD published a statement in December 2010 clearing Yunus and the Bank of any wrongdoing on this point, following a comprehensive review of NORAD's support commissioned by the Minister of International Development.
The Government has provided organisations with opportunities; we have made use of these opportunities with aim of benefitting our shareholders who are the rural poor women of Bangladesh.
David Roodman and Jonathan Morduch question the statistical validity of studies of microcredit's effects on poverty, noting the complexity of the situations involved.
Yoolim Lee and Ruth David discuss how microfinance and the Grameen model in South India have in recent years been distorted by venture capitalism and profit-makers.
Xenoliths may be engulfed along the margins of a magma chamber, torn loose from the walls of an erupting lava conduit or explosive diatreme or picked up along the base of a flowing body of lava on the Earth's surface.
rhyolite-dominated lava of Niijima volcano (Japan) contains two types of gabbroic xenoliths which are of different origin - they were formed in different temperature and pressure conditions.
Although the term xenolith is most commonly associated with igneous inclusions, a broad definition could include rock fragments which have become encased in sedimentary rock.
Basalts, kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres, which have their source in the upper mantle, often contain fragments and crystals assumed to be a part of the originating mantle mineralogy.
Some kimberlites contain xenoliths of eclogite, which is considered to be the high-pressure metamorphic product of basaltic oceanic crust, as it descends into the mantle along subduction zones.
The Battle of Kolombangara (Japanese: コロンバンガラ島沖海戦) (also known as the Second Battle of Kula Gulf) was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the night of 12/13 July 1943, off Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands.
An Allied force—commanded by Rear Admiral Walden L. Ainsworth and comprising the United States Navy light cruisers and and Royal New Zealand Navy light cruiser , and the destroyers , , , , , , , , , and —were deployed in a single column with five destroyers in the van followed by the light cruisers and then by five destroyers in the rear.
The U.S. had landed troops of the 37th Infantry Division on New Georgia to attack Munda the week before and had just placed Marine Raiders ashore at Rice Anchorage on New Georgia's northern shore to seize Bairoko.
At 01:00 on 13 July, the Allied ships established radar contact about east of the northern tip of Kolombangara at .
The destroyers increased speed to engage the Japanese force while the cruisers turned to deploy their main batteries, but the Imperial destroyers had already launched Long Lance torpedoes and turned away.
She was reduced to a wreck, broken in two by torpedo hits and sank at about 01:45, with the loss of nearly her entire crew, including Isaki.
Though at a severe cost, Ainsworth also accomplished his mission of preventing an attack on the Marines, and combined with the earlier Battle of Kula Gulf, successfully deterred the Japanese from future use of Kula Gulf in reinforcing Munda.
After the Battle of Kolombangara, the Japanese chose to use Vella Gulf, Blackett Strait, and the more constricted passage at Wana Wana, resulting in a series of nightly attacks by U.S. destroyers and PT boats against their reinforcement efforts.
The naval Battle of Kula Gulf (Japanese: クラ湾夜戦) took place in the early hours of 6 July 1943 during World War II and was between United States and Japanese ships off the coast of Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands.
The Allies were in the process of launching their next offensive in the Solomon Islands, having just landed troops on the island of Rendova as a preliminary step to seizing the major Japanese airstrip at Munda on New Georgia Island.
In support of this landing, which was to set up an initial beachhead for moving U.S. troops across Blanche Channel to New Georgia, Admiral Ainsworth had the night before conducted a cruiser bombardment of Vila on Kolombangara Island and Bairoko on New Georgia and, short of fuel and ammunition, was in the process of retiring to the Coral Sea to replenish.
A U.S. Marine landing was scheduled on the northern shore of New Georgia on 10 July, that would require further naval support.
At 01:06 off Kolombangara, the task group came into contact with a Japanese reinforcement group commanded by Admiral Teruo Akiyama which consisted of ten destroyers loaded with 2,600 combat troops that were bound for Vila, which they used as a staging point for moving into Munda.
The U.S. ships opened fire at 01:57, firing 612 shells in 21 minutes and six seconds, quickly sinking the destroyer and killing Admiral Akiyama.
The main Japanese force, which had countermarched away from Vila with the first contact, then broke away, having landed only 850 of the 2,600 troops.
It is one of the key financial measures in Japan and has considerable influence in stock prices and the currency rate.
It is in southern Nassau County, in the hamlet of Wantagh, on Jones Beach Island, a barrier island linked to Long Island by the Meadowbrook State Parkway, Wantagh State Parkway, and Ocean Parkway.
The park – in length – is renowned for its beaches (which, excepting the beach on Zachs Bay, face the open Atlantic Ocean) and furnishes one of the most popular summer recreational locations for the New York metropolitan area.
It is the most popular and heavily visited beach on the East Coast, with an estimated six million visitors per year.
It once featured dining and catering facilities that were popular sites for private parties and weddings; these have been shut down.
Jones Beach is named after Major Thomas Jones, a major in the Queens County militia in the 1600s who established a whaling station on the outer beach near the site of the present park.
The park was created during Robert Moses' administration as President of the Long Island State Park Commission as part of the development of parkways on Long Island.
Moses' first major public project, Jones Beach is free from housing developments and private clubs, and instead is open for the general public.
Several homes on High Hill Beach were barged further down the island to West Gilgo Beach to make room for the park.
When Moses' group first surveyed Jones Island, it was swampy and only above sea level; the island frequently became completely submerged during storms.
To create the park, huge dredgers worked day and up to midnight to bring sand from the bay bottom, eventually bringing the island to above sea level.
Another problem that followed was the wind — the fine silver beach sand would blow horribly, making the workers miserable and making the use of the beach as a recreational facility unlikely.
In the center of a traffic circle that he planned as a terminus for the Wantagh State Parkway, Moses ordered the construction of an Italianate-style water tower to serve as a central feature of the park.
After rejecting a number of submissions by architects for the bathhouses, Moses selected the designs of the young and relatively inexperienced Herbert Magoon.
The park opened to the public on August 4, 1929, along with the causeway that provided automobile access from the mainland of Long Island.
Moses has been criticized for intentionally specifying very low heights for the bridges over the Southern State Parkway so that buses would not be able to reach the beaches that way, thus making it harder for poor people without cars to enjoy them.
Bathers at Jones Beach State Park can choose from of ocean beach frontage and of bay frontage, on Zachs Bay, which was developed for still water bathing.
The primary buildings on the Jones Beach site are the two enormous bathhouses (west and east) and the park's large water tower, all built to Moses' specifications.
The water tower, built in 1930 to resemble the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, underwent a $6.1 million restoration in 2010.
Large mosaics on the Central Mall Walkway near the water tower were restored in 2015; the $177,000 mosaic restoration was part of a larger $65 million refurbishment of the park announced in 2014.
The park also includes the Jones Beach Boardwalk Bandshell, located near Parking Field 4, which offers live performances and free music.
Jones Beach formerly featured The Boardwalk Cafe, a large restaurant with an expansive ocean view, built in 1966 and demolished in 2004 due to damage from erosion.
The project was stalled for several years due to legal battles over permits required for the restaurant's planned basement, and was eventually cancelled in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.
The West Bath House was home to a Friendly's ice cream parlor on the upper level; the patio outside overlooks both the pool and the ocean.
Robert Moses' plan originally included two swimming pools available for public use at Jones Beach: The West Bath House pool and the East Bath House pool.
While the West Bath House pool has remained open, budget constraints forced the closure of the East Bath House pool in 2009.
As part of a $65 million refurbishment of the park announced in 2014, the West Bath House will receive $7 million in improvements; state officials have announced their desire to eventually rehabilitate the East Bath House as well.
The Theodore Roosevelt Nature Center at Jones Beach State Park includes an exhibit area which depicts a variety of marine habitats, such as the South Shore Estuary Reserve, the seashore, and the dune environment.
Inside the building, children may feel live marine animals and look through a microscope; outdoors, visitors may dig up whale bones in the Discovery Bone Cove, walk through a butterfly garden, view a shipwreck, or walk along a boardwalk through the dune environment.
Jones Beach's West End originally featured two parking fields known as West End 1, which was closed permanently in 1992 and replaced by the Theodore Roosevelt Nature Center after lying abandoned for nearly a decade, and West End 2, which lies at the westernmost area of the state park adjacent to the jetty on Jones' Inlet.
West End 2 is currently a designated surfing area, which is open to stargazers and fisherman at night and bird watchers and other naturalists by day.
The West End 2 parking field along with the Field 1 are the two largest ocean front parking areas currently extant in the park.
Most visitors arrive by car via the Meadowbrook State Parkway or the Wantagh State Parkway; the recreation area is also accessible via the Ocean Parkway.
A significant portion of visitors take the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) to Freeport and then a bus to Jones Beach.
Boaters often anchor on the bay side of Jones Beach (i.e., Zachs Bay), especially at night during a show such as the fireworks show on July 4.
A greenway alongside the Wantagh State Parkway allows bicycling, skating or walking about from Cedar Creek County Park on Merrick Road into Jones Beach.
As of 2016, parking costs $10.00 ($8.00 when the beach is closed), though a New York State Empire Passport ($65.00) can be used to park for free.
Parking fees are charged from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, and from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. weekdays from Memorial Day through Columbus day.
Cars were formerly able to pay parking fees for all fields at manned toll booths on the highways approaching the park, however as of 2017 fees are now paid through automated machines at the entrances to the fields.
He discovered that enzymes can be crystallized, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 with John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley.
While hunting at age 17, Sumner was accidentally shot by a companion and as a result his left arm had to be amputated just below the elbow.
Sumner graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in 1910 where he was acquainted with prominent chemists Roger Adams, Farrington Daniels, Frank C. Whitmore, James Bryant Conant and Charles Loring Jackson.
After a short period of working in the cotton knitting factory owned by his uncle, he accepted a teaching position at Mt.
Allison College at Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada; In 1912, he went to study biochemistry in Harvard Medical School and obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1914 with Otto Folin.
It was in 1917 at Cornell where Sumner began his research into isolating enzymes in pure form; a feat which had never been achieved before.
Sumner's work was unsuccessful for many years and many of his colleagues were doubtful, believing that what he was trying to achieve was impossible, but in 1926 he demonstrated that urease could be isolated and crystallized.
From 1924 on his laboratory was located on the second floor of the new dairy science building, Stocking Hall (today home to Food Science), at Cornell where he did his Nobel Prize–winning research.
By this time, John Howard Northrop of the Rockefeller Institute had obtained other crystalline enzymes by similar methods, starting with pepsin in 1929.
It had become clear that Sumner had devised a general crystallization method for enzymes, and also that all enzymes are proteins.
Everybody knows fluorine and fluorides are very poisonous substances and we use them in enzyme chemistry to poison enzymes, those vital agents in the body.
Service-learning is an educational approach that combines learning objectives with community service in order to provide a pragmatic, progressive learning experience while meeting societal needs.
Service-learning involves students in service projects to apply classroom learning for local agencies that exist to effect positive change in the community.
As stated above, there are four different categories that define various levels of Service-Learning that Sigmon created, using graphical representations of the two words.
An example of this definition would be volunteer programs within a college, that have no real connection to the academics they are pursuing.
An example of this type of service could be a group of students volunteering to serve in a certain area, but also studying the subject while putting in their service, and coming up with ideas to help improve the work they are doing.
All of these variants come underneath the wing of Service-Learning, and each of them can be used at different times, depending on the circumstances.
Volunteerism, community service, internships, and field education all exemplify, in some way or another, the core value of service learning, as all of them benefit the student as well as the one they served to an equal degree, the only difference being how material the benefit is.
These methods also tend to focus on ensuring that the student not only serves, but learns something, whether it is interpersonal skills, work experience in their future field, or a change in how they view themselves and others.
First, there is interpersonal learning, in which students re-evaluate personal values and motivations by channeling a passionate interest to service-learning projects, as well as build a connection and commitment to the community.
The second form is academic material that is taught through practical application and reflective instruction, so that it may be practiced outside classrooms and test-taking.
Thirdly is cognitive development where students are challenged to use critical thinking and problem-solving skills in a context that provides additional information and experience for student evaluation, because service-learning deals with numerous problems in complex situations.
Finally, service-learning focuses on effective citizenship and behavioral issues, and this helps the students better understand social issues relevant to their own community.
It provides experiential learning that connects personal and interpersonal development with cognitive and academic advancement, providing opportunities for personal connections and ultimately transformation.
Beyond that, students may be transformed in the way of developing better problem-solving skills to address those problems about which they now know.
A service-learning experience may be the catalyst in the life of a student to dive into the complexities of the social issues they have encountered and to seek to develop innovative solutions.
In order for students to receive college credit for service-learning courses, a substantial amount of academic learning needs to accompany the service.
When a person is passionate about a certain topic or cause, they will more likely want to make a difference by trying to mend the area with which they are passionate about.
Eyler points that learning the material for a test or exam in a classroom is one thing, but actually pulling that knowledge out and using it in new circumstances or in problems that arise in everyday life is another thing.
Students have the chance to practice what they learn in the classroom by encountering life problems and have a chance to develop skill in how to develop solutions for the problems they face.
She writes that much of the knowledge that students have is not self-consumed, but rather developed from training obtained from the classroom and from daily life.
According to Eyler and Giles Jr., who conducted nationwide studies on service-learning, factors which influence its impact on students include placement quality, duration, and reflection.
A recent sample study assessed the benefits of service learning in undergraduate public health education course using the Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire.
These included various types of journaling, brainstorming as a group, using quotes, writing essays and papers, structured class discussions, and class presentations among other ideas.
Not only does writing permanently record a student's service-learning experience, but it also provides a helpful tool for continued reflection long after the program has been completed.
Not only does the service experience move one to examine his own life, but it also allows him to produce a better version of himself.
Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles Jr. identify five key personal growth outcomes of service-learning: self-knowledge, spiritual growth, the reward of helping others, career benefits and careers in service, and changes in personal efficacy.
As one goes out into the community with the intent of reaching out to those within it, this broader social context causes one to see himself more clearly.
Being involved in the educational process of service-learning also strengthens one's critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which is vital to facing modern-day dilemmas.
As individuals acquire knowledge about serving those around them, they can apply that knowledge to community problems, thus being able to make a greater difference in the world.
Service-learning begins in the heart and mind of the individual; he must understand himself before he can attempt to understand others.
This will prompt him to develop personal connections with those whom he is serving, for it is within community involvement where one's own understanding and knowledge are transformed.
Researchers have found that these personal and interpersonal gains from engaging in service-learning classes where higher when the programs were of better quality.
It was also found that quantity and quality of reflective discussion was linked to the outcome of feeling a closeness among the community and other students.
In most classroom settings there's little room for a deep relationship between the student and teacher, while in service-learning often student and teacher will work alongside each other and develop a more lasting bond.
Service-learning offers an opportunity for students to experience different cultures, which in turn reduces many negative and unnecessary stereotypes derived by inexperienced students.
From 1995–1997, 458 universities received grants from the Corporation for National Service's Learn and Serve Higher Education (LASHE) which enabled 3,000 new service-learning courses to be developed to the benefit of more than 60 students per course.
Much of the research on the effects of service-learning is focused on what students learn through their service to the community; fewer studies have been conducted on the impact of service-learning on the communities where the students serve.
Several studies that have been done on this topic measure the impact of service-learning on the community organizations with which college students volunteer, seeking to understand the organizations' perspectives on service-learning.
One positive impact of service-learning on these organizations is the presence of more volunteers, which enables the organizations to accomplish more and to serve more clients.
Students can use specific skills they possess to benefit the organization, and can be a source of new ideas, energy, and enthusiasm.
Through partnering with a college or university, the organization can gain access to new knowledge and opportunities to connect with other organizations that have partnered with the same school.
Guffey (1997) notes credible service learning begins with tribal ways of knowing and value systems, which is to say that outsiders should not impose service learning projects.
This parallels Matthew Fletcher's (2010) assertion that tribes, and other historically marginalized communities, should unique develop educational programs, as opposed to merely adopting Westernized forms of education.
One such example is provided by Sykes, Pendley, and Deacon (2017) who provide a qualitative case study of a tribally-initiated service learning project embedded within a partnership at a research university.
This case is unique in that it recounts how service learning students (who were also tribal members) came to collectively understand their responsibilities of citizenship through service.
Tulane Professor Carl L. Bankston III has described his own university's policy of mandating service learning as the imposition of intellectual conformity by the university administration on both students and faculty.
According to Bankston, by identifying specific types of civic engagement as worthy community service, the university was prescribing social and political perspectives.
He argued that this was inconsistent with the idea that individuals in a pluralistic society should choose their own civic commitments and that it was contrary to the ideal of the university as a site for the pursuit of truth through the free exchange of ideas.
Communication with faculty is often inconsistent, so organizations do not always understand their roles and the roles of the faculty in students' service projects.
Often the demographics of students do not match well with the demographics of the clients they serve, which can make it difficult for the students to relate to the clients or create an uncomfortable situation for the clients.
The academic calendar students follow tends not to work well with the organizations' schedules, since students' volunteering schedules are interrupted for holiday breaks, finals, and other activities.
Some organizations require more hours for volunteer training than students are required to volunteer, and making a personal connection with clients only to break it off soon after can be more hurtful than helpful.
Representatives of community organizations where service-learning students volunteer expressed interest in working with colleges and universities to change service-learning programs so that they work more smoothly for the organizations.
Their suggestions included establishing more consistent communication between faculty and organizations, creating longer-term partnerships between colleges and community organizations, and ensuring that the students and their projects are matched well with the organizations they serve.
Many engineering faculty members believe the educational solution lies in taking a more constructivist approach, where students construct knowledge and connections between nodes of knowledge as opposed to passively absorbing knowledge.
Educators see service learning as a way to both implement a constructivism in engineering education as well as match the teaching styles to the learning styles of typical engineering students.
As a result, many engineering schools have begun to integrate service learning into their curricula and there is now a journal dedicated to service learning in engineering.
Eyler and Giles Jr. have found that service-learning students, upon reflecting on their experience, find reward in helping others and in developing close personal relationships.
Service learning is about taking the student out of the classroom and placing them in an environment where they can make a difference while also learning.
Service learning strengthens not just the community that is being helped but the person who is giving their time and effort to their cause, which benefits them socially, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
Astin, the Allan M. Cartter Distinguished Professor of Higher Education Emeritus and founding director of both Cooperative Institutional Research Program and Higher Education Research Institute, formed a Theory of Involvement.
Now, she is an advocate of service learning who argues that only a small portion of skills needed to address life’s problems can be learned through traditional academia.
Andrew Furco, Associate Vice President for Public Engagement at the University of Minnesota and a professor, has contributed a variety of literature to service learning, including two books: Service-Learning: The Essence of the Pedagogy and Service-Learning Through a Multidisciplinary Lens, which he co-authored with S. Billig.
Her father was the last of the major Anglo-Saxon earls to remain powerful after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and the son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria.
He received the honour of Huntingdon (whose lands stretched across much of eastern England) probably in right of his wife from William Rufus before the end of the year 1090.
Her first husband died some time after 1111 and Maud next married David, the brother-in-law of Henry I of England, in 1113.
Through the marriage, David gained control over his wife's vast estates in England, in addition to his own lands in Cumbria and Strathclyde.
She died in 1130 or 1131 and was buried at Scone Abbey in Perthshire, but she appears in a charter of dubious origin dated 1147.
In 1933 he left politics when he was appointed to the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, serving as its Chief Justice from 1946 to 1955.
Herbert Claiborne Pell Jr. (February 16, 1884 – July 17, 1961) was a United States Representative from New York, U.S. Minister to Portugal, U.S. Minister to Hungary, and a creator and member of the United Nations War Crimes Commission.
A native of New York City and a member of the prominent and wealthy Lorillard and Claiborne families, Pell was educated at Connecticut's Pomfret School and attended Harvard University, Columbia University, and New York University.
Pell continued to remain active in politics, and was chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee from 1921 to 1926 and a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention.
In 1937, Pell was appointed as Minister to Portugal, where he served from May 27, 1937 until February 11, 1941, when he was appointed Minister to Hungary.
In December 1941, Pell received Hungary's declaration of war against the United States, closed the embassy and returned to the United States.
Pell was recognized as an internationalist on foreign policy and a progressive despite coming from the wealthy and conservative class, which tended to be isolationist.
He was the leading American seeking to build awareness of the plight of European Jews in the 1930s and 1940s and prevent the Holocaust, and was able to aid in holding the perpetrators responsible as the principal U.S. sponsor of and U.S. representative of the War Crimes Commission.
He was the eldest son of two children born to Katherine Lorillard (née Kernochan) Pell (1858–1917) and Herbert Claiborne Pell (1853–1926).
He was a great-grandson of U.S. Representative John Francis Hamtramck Claiborne, and great-great-grandnephew of William Charles Cole Claiborne and Nathaniel Herbert Claiborne.
Through his mother and maternal grandparents, James Powell Kernochan and Catherine (née Lorillard) Kernochan, the daughter of Pierre Lorillard III, he inherited a share of the Lorillard Tobacco fortune.
He was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1921) and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress.
He was chairman of the Democratic State committee from 1921 to 1926 and a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention.
Pell was appointed as Minister to Portugal, where he served from May 27, 1937 until February 11, 1941, when he was appointed Minister to Hungary.
He was serving in Budapest on December 13, 1941 when he received the Hungarian declaration of war against the United States.
He closed the legation in Budapest, returned to the U.S. on January 16, 1942 and submitted his resignation on November 30, 1942.
In June 1927, Matilda married Hugo W. Koehler (1886-1941), a commander in the United States Navy who served as a naval and State Department special agent in Russia during its civil war in 1920.
Pell died on July 17, 1961 in Munich, Germany at the age of 77, while touring Europe with his grandson, Herbert Pell III.
An academic term (or simply term) is a portion of an academic year, the time during which an educational institution holds classes.
In most countries, the academic year begins in late summer or early autumn and ends during the following spring or summer.
In Northern Hemisphere countries, this means that the academic year lasts from August, September, or October to May, June, or July.
In Southern Hemisphere countries, the academic year aligns with the calendar year, lasting from February or March to November or December.
Terms 4&1 (rolled over) and 2&3 are respectively usually deemed 'summer' and 'winter' respectively for purposes of sports participation and uniform standards.
Australian states and territories vary their approach to Easter when determining the dates for the holiday at the end of Term 1.
In Tasmania until and including 2012, the school year was split into three terms, the first one being the longest and including an extended Easter holiday (which was also the practice of mainland Australia until the mid-1980s).
after Term 1 and after Term 3) and a break of three weeks in the middle of the year, although this can vary between jurisdictions.
In the year 2000, due to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, the state of New South Wales extended the break after Term 3 to three weeks, compensating by reducing the break in the middle of the year to two weeks.
Most Australian universities have two semesters a year, but Bond University, Deakin University, CQUniversity, Griffith University, the University of New South Wales and the University of Canberra have three trimesters.
One recent innovation in Australian higher education has been the establishment of the fully distance–online Open Universities Australia (formerly Open Learning Australia) that offers continuous study opportunities of individual units of study (what are called courses in North America) that can lead to full degree qualifications.
Since students often study only part-time and off campus these study periods mesh reasonably easily with existing university offerings based on semesters.
The Austrian school year for primary and secondary schools is split into two terms, the first one starts on the first Monday in September in the states of Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland and on the second Monday of September in Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol and Vorarlberg.
Most schools have holidays between the national holiday on October 26 and All Souls Day on November 2, but those are unofficial holidays not observed by all schools in Austria.
The first term ends in Vienna and Lower Austria on the first Friday of February, in Burgenland, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg on the second Friday of February and in Upper Austria and Styria on the third Friday of February.
In the second term there are the Easter holidays, the Mayday Holiday on May 1 and the long weekends of Pentecost, Ascension and Corpus Christi.
The school year ends in Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland on the last Friday of June, in Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg on the first Friday in July.
The Barbadian school year is fashioned after the British system, and as such, it follows a scheduling with three terms per school year.
The long school holiday period is 9 to 10 weeks from the end of June until the first week of September.
In Brazil, due to the Law of Directives and Bases of Brazilian Education, the academic year must have 200 days, both at schools and at universities.
Most of the universities follow the semester system although for some particular subjects such as Law they follow a yearly system.
Universities and colleges in Belgium use the semester system, dividing the academic year in two equal parts of fourteen weeks of courses.
Colleges start one week earlier, in the second week of September, giving them right to the 'autumn break' of one week.
After 13 weeks of courses the 'Christmas break' starts (around December 20), which is used to study for the 3–4 weeks of examinations in January.
After these examinations the universities have one week of vacation, the so-called 'semestrial vacation', while the colleges start the classes of the second semester at the end of January, immediately after the examinations, which week they reclaim with the 'spring break' at the end of February, which the universities do not have.
After Easter, the classes start again until the end of May, followed by four weeks of examinations in June, after which three months of vacation is given.
The students who failed in passing some of the courses in their curriculum in January and June, the so-called 'first session', have to do the examinations again in the second session at the end of August.
In Cambodia the school year kindergarten sectors in public schools consists of 10 months with a two-month vacation, while in primary, and secondary sectors, it is divided into two semesters and each semester is divided into 2 quarters.
After the 1st semester, a small vacation when the school is halted and at the end of the Second Semester, a 2-month vacation until the start of the new year.
In Canada the school year for elementary and high school consists of 178 to 200 days, depending on jurisdiction, but several days may be deducted from this total for professional development and administrative duties, resulting in approximately 187 teaching days per year for most jurisdictions.
Generally in English Canada, high schools run on a two-semester arrangement, also known as fall and spring semester, the first semester running from the day after Labour Day in September to mid-January and the second running from early February until the Thursday before the last Friday in June.
Some schools in Canada run on a trimester system, the first running from September to January, the second from January to March or April, and the third from March or April until June.
The trimester is more common in elementary and middle schools (Kindergarten – Grade 8) than in high schools (Grade 9 – Grade 12).
Most of those characteristics differ in Québec, where education is, with the exception of a few school boards, given in French.
By tradition, Quebec and Franco-Ontarian elementary and secondary schools arrange timetables to ensure the school year ends before June 24, date of the St-Jean-Baptiste day celebration, a traditional holiday.
The first one starts late February or early March and lasts until late June and the second starts in early August and finishes in mid-December; also, some universities offer a summer period from early January to mid-February but just for exceptional courses.
These semesters have breaks for public festivities, such as Easter, independence commemoration (from two days to two weeks in September depending on year and place) and some public holidays like labour day, among others.
In the People's Republic of China, elementary, middle and high schools have two semesters, the first from September to January, and the second from February or March, depending on the date of Chinese New Year, to July.
Most universities and colleges in China also uses the two-semesters system, while a small portion of Chinese universities, such as Shanghai University, are experimenting with the quarter system.
In the elementary and high schools in the Czech Republic, the school year usually runs from September 1 to June 30 of the following year.
It is divided into two semesters with breaks on public holidays such as St. Vaclav (September 28), Independence day (October 28, two days break), Velvet Revolution (November 17), Christmas (7–10 days break), Spring break (1 week break), Easter (three days break on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday and Easter Monday) and finally Labour day (May 1) and Liberation day (May 8).
After the end of school year on June 30, the Summer holidays follow until September 1 when a new school year starts.
Sole exception to this is the final year at high schools, which ends with Graduation of students at the end of May.
In universities, the academic year runs from around September 1 to June 30, and is often divided into an autumn semester (with January set aside for exams) and a spring semester (with June set aside for exams).
Since 2004, some Danish universities and faculties divide the academic year into four quarters, each of which may consist of eight weeks and an exam week, and being separated from the next quarter by a one-week break.
Universities start on the first Monday of September and usually end in the middle of May or in the beginning of June; though in reality, exam periods may continue until the end of June (e.g.
The second semester usually begins some two weeks after the end of the first and ends in late May or mid June.
Winter Break dates differ of the Academia's location, which could be in Zone A, B, or C, to avoid high traffic on the road.
In secondary school (middle school or high school) end of Academic term is before Middle School Exam in late June, or Baccalaureat, in mid-June.
On Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, pupils have a full day of teaching from around 8:30 a.m. until around 4:30 p.m. On Wednesday mornings, some pupils may have supplementary classes.
The school year in Germany begins between late July and early September, and ends from mid-June to July, with a summer break of similar length to that in the UK (only 6 weeks) but much shorter than in some other countries (with up to 3 months).
The exact dates for the beginning and the end of school breaks are kept different state by state and changed every year.
There is not necessarily any break between those two parts, but pupils get a semi-year school report (it only displays their current level and is not relevant for promotion).
The two lecture-free periods of 12 to 14 weeks between the semesters are for taking exams, doing internships, lab courses, and employment.
It has three terms: Christmas (First), Easter (Second) and August (Third), with two to three weeks break for Christmas and Easter and 6 to 7 weeks during the August term.
The school year in Honduras runs from the first week of February to the end of November, with a one-week break during Easter, and a week break in October.
For universities and other tertiary institutions the academic year usually runs from September or October to April or May, sometimes with an extra summer term roughly from May to July.
In the elementary and high schools in Hungary, the school year usually runs from September 1 to June 15 of the next year, with variation if these dates fall on Saturday or Sunday.
The first semester runs from September 1 until the middle of January and is divided by the fall vacation, which is around All Saints' Day and lasts for a week.
It is made so that the students of the school who partake in the skiing camp of the school need no verification of absence.
In the last school year of secondary education, the Matura examinations (school-leaving exam and entrance exam for university admissions; similar to A-level exams in the UK) are administered from May through July.
They are typically from the first or second week of September to the middle of December (fall semester (őszi félév)) and from February to the middle of May (spring semester (tavaszi félév)).
During the winter exam period, a break of 1–2 weeks is administered between Christmas and the beginning of the new year.
In elementary and secondary schools, the school year in some part is April to March and others June to May, while in universities it is from July to May.
There is a mid-year break during summer, usually from the end of May to the start of July in universities and in elementary and high schools, the vacations range from the beginning of April and last up to the beginning or middle of June.
However, in the Eastern and southern states like West Bengal and Karnataka there will be two breaks, one for Dasara in September/October for 15 days and another for Christmas in December which ranges from 7 to 15 days.
University of Calicut, Kerala University, MG University and Sri Sankara University (SCSVMV University) have reached a consensus, and the other universities are also likely to introduce credit-based semester system in Kerala.
For schools, students move from old to the new academic year immediately after the exams for the previous year is over with a small break of a week for compilation of results.
The first (fall) semester begins on the first day of the Persian Calendar month of Mehr equivalent to the first day of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and ends in January.
There are two week long breaks for Christmas and Easter and two mid-term breaks at the end of October and mid-February, both one week long.
Secondary schools run from September to the end of May, but due to the Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate exams, 3rd and 6th years respectively break at the end of June for summer holidays upon completion of the exams which end in the 3rd week of June.
The academic year for schools in receipt of public funding lasts for a minimum of 167 teaching days in secondary schools and 183 days in primary schools.
at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) and NUI Galway, is to align the first semester with the first term (Michaelmas at TCD) and then split the second semester over the second term (Hilary at TCD) and third term (Trinity at TCD).
The school year in Israel starts in elementary, middle, and high schools on September 1, and lasts until the end of June for elementary schools, and until June 20 for middle and high schools.
For Jews, there is a nine-day break for Sukkot (autumn); a seven-day break for Hannukah (in December); and for Passover (spring) the break is 2–3 weeks long.
The university academic year typically divides into two semesters which start after Sukkot (typically mid to late October) and end in June or July.
Until 2011, the summer break ended on August 31, but in 2011 Israeli ministry of education decided to shorten the summer break by one week and the break now ends on August 26 .
The period between Yom Kippur and Sukkot was added as holiday to compensate for this but , has consequently been removed.
Winter zman starts after Sukkot and lasts until just before Passover, a duration of five months (six in a Jewish leap year).
Summer semester starts after Passover and lasts until either the middle of the month of Tammuz or Tisha B'Av, a duration of about three months.
During every exam session (January–February, May–June–July or September), students are usually allowed to take any exam of their previous carrier that they couldn't pass and even a certain number of exams of the new academic year (credit limit for this last option).
The exact date of the beginning of the summer break and its duration vary across regions, but commonly the break lasts for about six weeks.
The break originated to avoid the heat in summer, so elementary, middle, and high schools in Hokkaidō and Nagano Prefecture tend to have a shorter summer break than the rest of schools in Japan.
Some universities and colleges accept students in September or October in order to let those students from other semester systems enroll.
In recent years a few colleges have begun experimenting with having two semesters instead of the traditional three with the break between two semesters in summer.
After the mid-year holidays, which lasts for two weeks, the second semester begins in mid-June and ends in mid-November, with a one-week mid-term break in September.
For states with a Friday-Saturday weekend (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, and Terengganu), the school week is Sunday to Thursday; as a result, school terms begin and end a day earlier in these four states than in the rest of the country.
For festivities such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri/Hari Raya Puasa, Hari Gawai, Chinese New Year and Deepavali, schools usually apply for additional holidays to allow longer breaks for students to visit relatives in their hometowns.
After the mid-year holidays, which lasts for two weeks, the second semester begins in mid-June and ends in mid-November, with a one-week mid-term break.
The school week is Sunday to Thursday, as a result, all schools terms begin and end same day all over the country.
In the case of universities, normally the school year starts in the last week of July and is divided in trimesters or semesters.
Summer break is usually of 1 week to 1 month and 1 month vacation is provided as festival holiday in November usually.
The New Zealand school year runs from the beginning of February to mid-December, and since 1996, has been divided into four terms.
By law, all state and state-integrated schools are required to be open for instruction for 380 half-days in a year (390 half-days for schools with only Year 8 students or below), meaning that the start and end of the school year is not nationally fixed to a particular date, as schools take different teacher-only days and provincial anniversary days off during the year.
Schools can be exempted from opening the required number of half-days in some cases, such as in Christchurch in 2011 when many schools closed for up to a month after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.
If Easter falls in March or late in April, Term 1 usually ends in mid-April and Term 2 begins at the beginning of May.
If Easter is in March, a 5-day half-term break then exists, with school ending on Maundy Thursday and resuming on the Wednesday.
The start of term two may be delayed if Anzac Day (25 April) falls on the Monday or Tuesday directly following the Easter break.
Private schools are not required to adhere to the Ministry's term structure, but by law they may not be open for instruction on Saturday or Sunday, the ten national public holidays, the school location's relevant anniversary day, and the Tuesday immediately following Easter Monday.
Senior secondary students (Years 11, 12, and 13) in many state schools have examination leave from mid-November, on the Thursday or Friday before the first NCEA external examinations begin.
Students get a number of breaks throughout the year: National Day on 18 November, New Higri year break, Prophet Mohammed birthday break, Eid Al-Fitr break and Eid Al-Adha break.
As most of these breaks depend on the Higri year which is 10 days shorter than the Solar year, there is a gradual change on the date of these events in relation to the school year.
In Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir and some areas of Balochistan, where heavy snow paralyzes life in the winter, the schools close for two months and there are two weeks of summer vacation.
Schools and universities are off on national holidays: Pakistan Day (March 23), Independence Day (August 14), Defence of Pakistan Day (September 6), the anniversaries of the birth (December 25) and death (September 11) of Quaid-e-Azam, Allama Iqbal (November 9) and the birth (July 30) and death (July 8) of Madar-e-Millat.
For the government universities, the students of bachelors are given 1-1.5 month of summer vacation and 1-1.5 weeks of winter vacations.
The Philippine school year lasts usually between nine and ten months long, and a school year must be at least 200 days as prescribed by law, including examination periods.
Private schools may have a slightly shorter academic calendar either starting in the second (or third week) of June or ending earlier in March.
In most primary and secondary (Junior High) schools, an academic year is usually divided into quarters for purposes of examination and reporting of marks though a few private schools adopt a trimestral system.
Each quarter normally lasts for approximately seven (usually the 3rd quarter) to ten weeks (usually the 1st, 2nd and 4th quarters) but the actual length of each quarter and the months they cover varies among private schools.
In most schools, summer break usually lasts for two months, starting from the first week of April up to the last week of May.
The Christmas Break usually begins in the third week of December, and classes resume the Monday or week after New Year's Day (unless that Monday is January 2).
Exceptions to this general schedule are international schools operating in the country, which normally follow their home country's respective school system.
For most universities and colleges, an academic year is divided into two semesters, each up to 18 weeks long except for senior students in their final semester where they end the semester two weeks earlier.
Enrollment/registration in an institution is usually good for only one semester: a student who successfully registers for the first semester is not automatically enrolled to study in the second semester.
The student will need to successfully complete clearance requirements and in a few cases, maintain a certain overall mark in order to progress in her university studies in the next semester.
The first semester is followed by a break consisting of two to four weeks before the second semester, called the Semestral Break, which usually occurs between the second week of October to the second week of November for all universities and colleges.
Other schools such as Technological University of the Philippines in Taguig, De La Salle University, the MBA program of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Far Eastern University – East Asia College, and AMA Computer University operate under a trimestral system.
Under this system, students are typically able to finish their academic studies a year earlier than those from other universities with a semestral programme.
Moreover, starting academic year 2014-2015, constituent campuses in the University of the Philippines System started their school year in August to end in May and the University of Santo Tomas started the Academic Year in August and it will end in May 2015.
In AY 2015-2016, San Beda University and St. Scholastica's College Manila will start their calendar in early July 2015 and it will end in mid- to late April 2016 and it was aimed to be a transition to a full August to May Calendar in the succeeding academic years.
Ateneo de Manila University will also shift to an August to May Calendar this AY 2015-2016 with having a summer term in June to July before AY 2015-2016 starts.
De La Salle University and De La Salle – College of St. Benilde will have an August to August Calendar for the incoming AY 2015-2016.
There is also a winter holiday break lasting two weeks in January or February but the exact date is different for each voivodeship and the dates usually change each year.
The school year is divided into four terms (quarters), separated by one- or two-week holidays (the first week in November, the first two weeks in January, and the last week of March).
The academic year at universities also starts on September 1 and usually consists of 42 educational weeks and 10 weeks of holidays.
The first one (autumn semester) runs from September 1 to January 24/25 (21 weeks, including a 3- to 5-week winter exams session at the end) followed by a two-week holiday.
The second one (spring semester) runs from February 9 to June 30 or July 4/5 (21 weeks, including a 3- to 5-week summer exams session) followed by an eight-week summer holiday.
Some Russian universities do not use a traditional scheme: they exclude exams sessions, and the academic year is divided in a 2:3 ratio of 17 educational weeks (followed by a two-week holiday) and 25 educational weeks (followed by an eight-week summer holiday).
The school year coincides with the calendar year, and the first term begins on January 2 (unless it is a weekend or a Monday).
Terms 1 and 2 are known as Semester 1, and terms 3 and 4 as Semester 2. to accommodate the release of the O level results.
The training year in Institute of Technical Education is made up of two terms, commencing January and April respectively, depending on the month of intake.
The school year for elementary, grammar and high schools begins on September 2 (September 1 is Constitution Day) and ends June 29 of the following year.
The school day starts at 8:00 a.m. and ends at 2:00 p.m. (time varies due to day and type of school).
The school year in Slovenia for elementary and grammar schools begins on 1 September and formally ends on 31 August, although classes and exams are finished by 25 June.
There are also four one-week breaks during the school year, occurring around All Saints Day, between Christmas and New Year, at the end of February, and around the May Day.
It is followed by a one-month break, during which students take the exams for subjects they have read in the semester.
The summer semester begins on 15 February and lasts until 31 May, followed by the exam period, which ends on 30 June.
Students who have not passed the necessary exams have a chance to do so during the autumn exam period in September.
The National Education Department proposed a five-week-long school break in June–July 2010 for the 2010 Soccer World Cup-hosted in South Africa-to avoid pupil and teacher absenteeism and a chaotic transport system.
South African universities have a year consisting of two semesters, with the first semester running from early February to early June, and the second semester from late July to late November.
Each semester consists of twelve or thirteen teaching weeks, interrupted by a one-week short vacation, and followed by three or four weeks of examinations.
In the first semester the short vacation often falls around the Easter weekend, while in the second semester it occurs in early September.
The first term usually runs from March 2, unless it is a Friday or the weekend, to mid-July with the summer vacation from mid-July to late-August (elementary and secondary schools) and from mid-June to late August (higher education institutions).
In Primary School, the lower grades (Grades 1-3) have classes around 8:30 to 2:00 and the upper grades (Grades 4-6) have classes from about 9:00 to 3:00.
For the most part, teachers rotate and the students stay in their classroom except for certain classes such as Physical Education, Music and Science labs.
From 2006 to 2011, Korean students (from elementary to secondary schools) were required to go to school on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th Saturdays of each month.
Prior to 2006, students had to go to school six days a week, except for 2005, when students had one Saturday off every month.
In most public educational institutions from primary to tertiary, the first semester begins in September and continues until January, and the second semester begins February and continues until June.
The English law courts terms and legal training pupillage divided the year into four terms, partly to create a predictable work schedule, but also to make allowances for harsh travel conditions and delays caused by adverse weather at a time when all English law students and many litigants had to travel to London for training or legal advice at one of the Inns of Court.
For state schools, the school year consists of 195 days of which there are 190 teaching days and five INSET teacher training days.
The structure of the school year varies between the constituent countries of the United Kingdom with school holiday dates varying between local education authorities.
Before the mechanisation of agriculture and when more of the population lived in the rural countryside, the long summer school holiday in Britain arose in the 19th century as a result of the education authorities abandoning the battle to keep children at school through haymaking (around the start of August) and wheat harvest (around the end of August), when every available pair of hands was needed on the land.
The terms are separated by two holidays, each of approximately two weeks' duration: the Christmas holidays separating the autumn term and spring term, and the Easter holidays separating the spring term and the summer term.
The period between the end of one school year and the start of the next is the summer holidays, which are six to eight weeks long.
The academic year originated in the pre-industrial era when all able-bodied young people were expected to work through the period of July and August.
For the purposes of education, the remainder of the year was arranged into three terms accommodating the Christian holidays of Christmas and Easter.
However the long summer break has been criticised by educationalists in the post-industrialist age because it creates a break in the academic progress.
Even a House of Commons Education Select Committee recommended in 1999 that schools switch to a five-term academic year, abolishing the long summer holidays.
Each term would be eight weeks long with a two-week break in between terms, and a minimum four-week summer holiday, with no half terms—the idea being that children can keep up momentum for eight weeks without a break.
In 1999, the Local Government Association set up a commission to look at alternative proposals for a more balanced school year.
In partnership with Local Authorities and teachers unions, they were unable to agree to a suitable alternative arrangement for terms, but by 2004 came to an agreement with the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers for a standardised arrangement of school terms.
The school year in Northern Ireland generally runs from early September to late June or early July of the following year.
Most schools operate a three-term school year similar to England and Wales; however, there is no half term during summer term due to the province's longer summer holidays.
The terms are separated by two holidays each consisting of approximately two weeks: the Christmas holidays separating the autumn and spring terms, and the Easter holidays separating the spring and summer terms.
The summer holidays in Northern Ireland last nine weeks, from the start of July until the end of August, due to the Twelfth of July bank holiday.
The school year in Scotland generally runs from middle or late August to late June or early July of the following year (usually in eastern council areas from the third Monday in August to the first Friday in July and in western council areas from the second Monday in August to the last Friday in June).
Most schools operate a three-term school year, each term divided in half by a break known as 'mid-term', lasting a week or two in October, a few days to a week in February, and a few days in May.
The terms are separated by two holidays each consisting of approximately two weeks: the Christmas Holidays separating the autumn and spring terms, and the Easter holidays separating the spring and summer terms.
The period between the end of one school year and the start of the next is known as the summer holidays and consists of six or seven weeks.
The academic year at most UK universities runs from September or October to June or July with three or four week breaks around Christmas and Easter that divide the year into three terms.
Exceptions to the ordinary structure of the academic year include the University of Buckingham, where undergraduate courses do not coincide with the academic year used by universities in Britain and elsewhere.
So, in theory, the maximum number of credits that can be earned per academic year are 36 quarter hours in a quarter system; 36 semester hours in a semester system; or 30 to 32 semester hours in a trimester system.
The word quadmester or quadrimester is occasionally used to mean either four months or (more commonly in modern American usage) a quarter of a year.
In the United States, the K–12 school calendar is determined by the individual states, and in some cases by the local school district, so there is considerable variation.
The academic year typically consists of two 18-week semesters, each divided into two nine-week marking periods (or quarters) or three six-week marking periods, and constituting 170 to 186 instructional days (with an average of 180).
An instructional week is five instructional days, measured Monday–Friday at all public and most private schools; Saturday–Wednesday or Sunday–Thursday at Muslim private schools; and so on.
Although some schools still keep this tradition, many schools now start in the last two weeks of August and some schools (especially private ones) may start as late as the end of September or the first week in October.
There are also some schools, especially in the southern tier of the United States, that begin at the end of July and early August.
They include federal, state, and local holidays, all or only some of which may be observed by an individual school district.
Almost all schools observe the Thanksgiving holiday, and extend it to include the day after Thanksgiving (Black Friday) since it is a Friday.
There is usually a recess of about one to two weeks during the winter holiday period at Christmas and New Year, with a spring break in March or April that is usually correlated to the holidays of Easter and usually Passover.
Unplanned vacations can extend the school year if they could have been prevented by school administrators, in theory if not in fact.
Thus, if the school is closed for two weeks (10 instructional days) because the boiler has broken down, that will extend the school year by two weeks because proper maintenance could have prevented the problem, but snow storms and other forms of severe weather normally do not extend the school year because they cannot be prevented.
Some regions allow for up to three to five snow days, and any additional missed days can extend the school year.
Most colleges that use the quarter system have a fall quarter from late September to mid-December, a winter quarter from early January to mid-March, a spring quarter from late March or early April to mid-June, and an optional summer session.
Notable users of the quarter system include the University of California system (excluding Berkeley, Merced, the UCLA medical school, and all of the system's law schools), Stanford, the University of Chicago, Dartmouth College, Northwestern University, University of Washington, the University of Oregon, and DePaul University.
Union College uses a modified quarter system: fall, winter, and spring terms are each eleven weeks long; there are some summer classes, but there is no official summer quarter.
Another notable and somewhat unique user of the quarter system is Baylor Law School: it operates on the quarter system while the remaining colleges of Baylor University operate on the semester system.
The semester system divides the calendar year into two semesters of 16 to 18 weeks each, plus summer sessions of varying lengths.
Thus, academic credit earned in quarter hours converts to semester hours at of its value, while credit earned in semester hours converts to quarter hours at 3/2 of its value.
Most universities on the semester system have a fall semester from the day after Labor Day in September to mid-December, a spring/winter semester from late January to early May, and an optional summer session.
In practice, the average quarter-long course is four or five units and the average semester course is three units, so a full-time student graduating in four years would take five courses per semester and three or four courses per quarter.
Some colleges and universities have a 4-1-4 system, which divides the year into two four-month terms (September to December and February to May) as well as a single one-month term in January in which students can do independent study, study abroad, internships, activities, or focus on one or two classes.
Some schools have a similar format but ordered as 4-4-1, with the short term in May after the conclusion of the spring semester.
Examples of schools using this system include Wartburg College, Bates College, Chatham University, Clemson University, The College of New Jersey, Elmira College, The Ohio State University, Purdue University, Transylvania University, the University of Redlands, Emory University and Washington and Lee University's 12-12-4 undergraduate calendar.
Institutions that use the trimester system include Carleton College, Knox College (Illinois), Lawrence University, and the United States Merchant Marine Academy.
The spring/summer trimester is usually divided into a 7.5 week Spring Session followed by a 6-week or 7.5 week Summer Session.
The reduced maximum course load that accompanies the shortening from the traditional semester makes the trimester system compatible with the semester system.
At the University of Michigan and Brigham Young University, for example, the Fall trimester (informally still called 'semester') operates from September through December; the Winter trimester runs from January through April; and the spring-summer trimester operates from May through August, as two half-trimesters.
Most spring-summer classes either meet double-time for 7–8 weeks in May and June or double-time/double-plus-time for 6–8 weeks in July and August (with summer half-term classes sometimes starting in the last week of June).
The academic calendar at Park University operates with five terms per year, each lasting eight weeks (January–March, March–May, June–July, August–October, and October–December).
Academic years consist of a number of terms lasting roughly four weeks each, during which a full semester's amount of work is completed in one and only one class.
Quest University in Squamish, British Columbia; Tusculum College in Tusculum, Tennessee; and The University of Montana - Western are the only other colleges operating under this academic calendar.
Margaret of Huntingdon (died before 1228) was the eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon (died 1219) and his wife, Maud (died 1233), sister of Ranulf III, Earl of Chester (died 1232), and daughter of Hugh II, Earl of Chester (died 1181).
Mundo (; died 536), commonly referred to in the Latinized form Mundus, was a Gepid general of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian I.
According to Theophanes, Mundus was the son of Γιέσμ (Giesmus), a ruler of the East Germanic tribe Gepids, and nephew to another Gepid ruler, Trapstila.
His father was killed in battle against the Ostrogoths of Theoderic in 488, after which Mundus accepted the latter's invitation to join him.
During the next two years, he defeated incursions of Slavs and Bulgars into the Balkans and sent much booty to Constantinople.
In the same month, he happened to be in Constantinople with a force of Heruli mercenaries when the Nika riots broke out.
Mundus remained loyal to Justinian and, along with Belisarius, was responsible for the massacre of the supporters of Hypatius in the Hippodrome and thus the reassertion of imperial control.
In 535, as Justinian launched his attempt to reconquer Italy from the Goths, he led his forces into Dalmatia, which the Goths held, while Belisarius invaded Italy by sea.
Mundus defeated the Goths and took the capital, Salona; but, early in the next year, a new Gothic army arrived to reclaim the province.
In a skirmish near Salona, Mundus's son Mauricius was trapped with only a few men by a larger Gothic force and was killed.
Enraged by the loss of his son, Mundus sallied out and defeated the Goths but was mortally wounded in the pursuit.
It is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning.
As such, compared to experiential education, experiential learning is concerned with more concrete issues related to the learner and the learning context.
Beginning in the 1970s, David A. Kolb helped to develop the modern theory of experiential learning, drawing heavily on the work of John Dewey, Kurt Lewin, and Jean Piaget.
Experiential learning entails a hands-on approach to learning that moves away from just the teacher at the front of the room imparting and transferring their knowledge to students.
One example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book.
Likewise, in business school, internship, and job-shadowing, opportunities in a student's field of interest can provide valuable experiential learning which contributes significantly to the student's overall understanding of the real-world environment.
A third example of experiential learning involves learning how to ride a bike, a process which can illustrate the four-step experiential learning model (ELM) as set forth by Kolb and outlined in Figure 1 below.
Rather, what is vital in experiential learning is that the individual is encouraged to directly involve themselves in the experience, and then to reflect on their experiences using analytic skills, in order that they gain a better understanding of the new knowledge and retain the information for a longer time.
Reflection is a crucial part of the experiential learning process, and like experiential learning itself, it can be facilitated or independent.
This reinforces the fact that experiential learning and reflective learning are iterative processes, and the learning builds and develops with further reflection and experience.
Jacobson and Ruddy, building on Kolb's four-stage Experiential Learning Model and Pfeiffer and Jones's five stage Experiential Learning Cycle, took these theoretical frameworks and created a simple, practical questioning model for facilitators to use in promoting critical reflection in experiential learning.
These questions are posed by the facilitator after an experience, and gradually lead the group towards a critical reflection on their experience, and an understanding of how they can apply the learning to their own life.
Although the questions are simple, they allow a relatively inexperienced facilitator to apply the theories of Kolb, Pfeiffer, and Jones, and deepen the learning of the group.
While it is the learner's experience that is most important to the learning process, it is also important not to forget the wealth of experience a good facilitator also brings to the situation.
This can occur without the presence of a facilitator, meaning that experiential learning is not defined by the presence of a facilitator.
Yet, by considering experiential learning in developing course or program content, it provides an opportunity to develop a framework for adapting varying teaching/learning techniques into the classroom.
As higher education continues to adapt to new expectations from students, experiential learning in business and accounting programs has become more important.
Robert Loo (2002) undertook a meta-analysis of 8 studies which revealed that Kolb's learning styles were not equally distributed among business majors in the sample.
More specifically, results indicated that there appears to be a high proportion of assimilators and a lower proportion of accommodators than expected for business majors.
This would provide some evidence to suggest that while it is useful for educators to be aware of common learning styles within business and accounting programs, they should be encouraging students to use all four learning styles appropriately and students should use a wide range of learning methods.
Professional education applications, also known as management training or organizational development, apply experiential learning techniques in training employees at all levels within the business and professional environment.
Training board games simulating business and professional situations such as the Beer Distribution Game used to teach supply chain management, and the Friday Night at the ER game used to teach systems thinking, are used in business training efforts.
This may include for example, learning gained from a network of business leaders sharing best practice, or individuals being mentored or coached by a person who has faced similar challenges and issues, or simply listening to an expert or thought leader in current business thinking.
Providers of this type of experiential business learning often include membership organisations who offer product offerings such as peer group learning, professional business networking, expert/speaker sessions, mentoring and/or coaching.
Experiential learning is most easily compared with academic learning, the process of acquiring information through the study of a subject without the necessity for direct experience.
While the dimensions of experiential learning are analysis, initiative, and immersion, the dimensions of academic learning are constructive learning and reproductive learning.
Though both methods aim to instill new knowledge in the learner, academic learning does so through more abstract, classroom-based techniques, whereas experiential learning actively involves the learner in a concrete experience.
John Babington Macaulay Baxter (February 16, 1868 – December 27, 1946) was a New Brunswick lawyer, jurist and the 19th Premier of New Brunswick.
He entered federal politics and served as Minister of Customs and Excise under Prime Minister Arthur Meighen in 1921 before taking over the leadership of the provincial Conservative party and leading it to victory in 1925.
Baxter was a leader of the Maritime Rights Movement which expressed the discontent felt by the maritime provinces concerning their loss of influence in the Canadian confederation dominated by the provinces of Quebec and Ontario.
He left politics in 1931 and was appointed Chief Justice of the New Brunswick Supreme Court in 1935 serving until his death.
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services.
Sponsorship is a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property (typically in sports, arts, entertainment or causes) in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that property.
While the sponsoree (property being sponsored) may be nonprofit, unlike philanthropy, sponsorship is done with the expectation of a commercial return.
Most use the notion that a brand (sponsor) and event (sponsoree) become linked in memory through the sponsorship and as a result, thinking of the brand can trigger event-linked associations.
Cornwell, Weeks and Roy (2005) have published an extensive review of the theories so far used to explain commercial sponsorship effects.
One of the most pervasive findings in sponsorship is that the best effects are achieved where there is a logical match between the sponsor and sponsoree, such as a sports brand sponsoring a sports event.
Work by Cornwell and colleagues however, has shown that brands that don't have a logical match can still benefit, at least in terms of memory effects, if the sponsor articulates some rationale for the sponsorship to the audience.
Sponsors and sponsored parties should set out clear terms and conditions with all other partners involved, to define their expectations regarding all aspects of the sponsorship deal.
The terms and conduct of sponsorship should be based upon the principle of good faith between all parties to the sponsorship.
There should be clarity regarding the specific rights being sold and confirmation that these are available for sponsorship from the rights holder.
Sponsored parties should have the absolute right to decide on the value of the sponsorship rights that they are offering and the appropriateness of the sponsor with whom they contract.
The sales cycle for selling sponsors is often a lengthy process that consists of researching prospects, creating tailored proposals based on a company's business objectives, finding the right contacts at a company, getting buy-in from multiple constituencies and finally negotiating benefits/price.
Some sales can take up to a year and sellers report spending anywhere between 1–5 hours researching each company that is viewed as a potential prospect for sponsorship.
These are the terms used by many sponsorship professionals, which refer to how a sponsor uses the benefits they are allocated under the terms of a sponsorship agreement.
The Conference on Disarmament (CD) is a multilateral disarmament forum established by the international community to negotiate arms control and disarmament agreements based at the Palais des Nations in Geneva.
The Conference was first established in 1979 as the Committee on Disarmament as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community.
The Conference succeeded three other disarmament-related bodies: the Ten-Nation Committee on Disarmament (1960), the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (1962–68) and the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (1969–78).
Additionally, all decisions of the body must be agreed upon by consensus according to the rules and procedures of the conference.
Furthermore, while the Conference adopts its own rules of procedure and agenda, the United Nations General Assembly can pass resolutions recommending specific topics to the Conference.
The Conference on Disarmament Secretariat and Conference Support Branch of the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, based in Geneva, provides organizational and substantive servicing to the Conference on Disarmament, the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community.
They were instrumental in drafting numerous arms control agreements: most importantly, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), the Biological Weapons Convention (1972), the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993) and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (1996).
However, the work of the body was stalled for over a decade, as members were unable to agree on a work program after the passage of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
Difficulties included strained relations between key players, disagreement among members on the prioritization of issues, and attempts of some countries to link progress in one area to parallel progress in other areas.
Then, in 2009 a breakthrough was made by the body when it established several working groups to tackle various topics under the Conference's authority.
These group focused on: negotiating a treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons (FMCT), creating practical steps to reduce nuclear weapons, prevention of an arms race in outer space (PAROS ) and addressing negative security assurances.
Due to the general dysfunction of the Conference and its limited membership, negotiations for the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons took place at the United Nations, and not at the Conference.
The conference is currently composed of 65 formal members, representing all areas of the world, as well as all known nuclear-weapon states.
Additionally, members are organized into a number of informal regional groups to facilitate their preparation for, and representation in the plenary meetings of the Conference.
Isobel of Huntingdon (1199–1251), also known as Isobel the Scot, was the daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, grandson of David I of Scotland, and Matilda of Chester.
She married Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale, and through her came the claims firstly of her son in 1290 and later in the beginning of 14th century of her great-grandson Robert Bruce, 7th Lord of Annandale, to the Scottish throne.
Her above-mentioned son Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale was regent and recognized heir presumptive of Scotland in the years just before her death.
Monsieur Verdoux is a 1947 black comedy film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin, who plays a bigamist wife killer inspired by serial killer Henri Désiré Landru.
In need of money to invest, Verdoux, as M. Floray, visits Lydia Floray (Margaret Hoffman) and convinces her he is her absent husband.
At a dinner party with his real wife and their friend the local chemist, Verdoux asks the chemist about the drug he developed to exterminate animals painlessly.
The chemist explains the formula and that he had to stop working on it after the local pharmaceutical board banned it.
Verdoux says he could test the drug by using it on a tramp off the street, then laughs it off as a morbid joke.
When he finds she was just released from prison and has nowhere to go, he prepares dinner for her with wine laced with his newly-developed poison.
Before drinking the wine, she thanks him for his kindness, and starts to talk about her husband who died while she was in jail.
After she says her husband was a helpless invalid and that made her all the more devoted to him, Verdoux says he thinks there's cork in her wine and replaces it with a glass of unpoisoned wine.
Verdoux makes several attempts to murder Annabella Bonheur (Martha Raye), who believes Verdoux to be Bonheur, a sea captain who is frequently away, including by strangulation while boating, and by poisoned wine, but she is impervious, repeatedly escaping death without even realizing while, at the same time, putting Verdoux himself in danger or near death.
When he is sentenced in the courtroom, rather than expressing remorse he takes the opportunity to say that the world encourages mass killers, and that compared to the makers of modern weapons he is but an amateur.
When guards come to take him to the guillotine he is offered a cigarette, which he refuses, and a glass of rum, which he also refuses before changing his mind.
Chaplin and Welles disagree on the exact circumstances that led to the film's production, although both men agree that Welles initially approached Chaplin with the idea of having Chaplin star in a film as either a character based on Landru or Landru himself.
Welles claims that he was developing a film of his own and was inspired to cast Chaplin as a character based on Landru.
However, Chaplin later offered to buy the script from him, and as Welles was in desperate need of money, he signed away all rights to Chaplin.
He also acknowledges that Chaplin claims to have no memory of receiving a script from Welles, and that he believes Chaplin is telling the truth when he says this.
Chaplin was initially interested, as it would provide him with an opportunity for a more dramatic role, as well as saving him the trouble of having to write the film himself.
However, Chaplin claims that Welles then explained that the script had not yet been written and he wanted Chaplin's help to do so.
Chaplin later stated that he would have insisted on no screen credit at all had he known that Welles would eventually try to take credit for the idea.
Chaplin was subjected to unusually hostile treatment by the press while promoting the opening of the film, and some boycotts took place during its short run.
In New Jersey, the film was picketed by members of the Catholic War Veterans, who carried placards calling for Chaplin to be deported.
James F. Steranko (; born November 5, 1938) is an American graphic artist, comic book writer/artist, comics historian, magician, publisher and film production illustrator.
Steranko earned lasting acclaim for his innovations in sequential art during the Silver Age of Comic Books, particularly his infusion of surrealism, pop art, and graphic design into the medium.
His work has been published in many countries and his influence on the field has remained strong since his comics heyday.
Steranko's father, one of nine siblings, began working in the mines at age 10, and as an adult became a tinsmith.
One of three children, all boys, Steranko spent his early childhood during the American Great Depression living in a three-room house with a tar-paper roof and outhouse toilet facilities.
Steranko's father and five uncles showed musical inclination, performing in a band that played on Reading radio in the 1930s, Steranko has said.
There, being smaller and younger than his classmates, he found himself a target for bullies and young gang-members until he studied boxing and self-defense at the local YMCA and began to successfully fight back.
Despite his father's denigration of Steranko's artistic talent, and the boy's ambition to become an architect, Steranko paid for his art supplies by collecting discarded soda bottles for the bottle deposit and bundled old newspapers to sell to scrap-paper dealers.
By his account, Steranko learned stage magic using paraphernalia from his father's stage magician act, and in his teens spent several summers working with circuses and carnivals, working his way up to sideshow performer as a fire-eater and in acts involving a bed of nails and sleight-of-hand.
At school, he competed on the gymnastics team, on the rings and parallel bars, and later took up boxing and, under swordmaster Dan Phillips in New York City, fencing.
Up through his early 20s, Steranko performed as an illusionist, escape artist, close-up magician in nightclubs, and musician, having played in drum and bugle corps in his teens before forming his own bands during the early days of rock and roll.
Steranko, whose first band, in 1956, was called The Lancers, did not perform under his own name, claiming he used pseudonyms to help protect himself from enemies.
The seminal rock and roll group Bill Haley and his Comets was based in nearby Philadelphia and Steranko, who played a Jazzmaster guitar, often performed in the same local venues, sometimes on the same bill, and became friendly with Haley guitarist Frank Beecher, who became a musical influence.
During the day, Steranko made his living as an artist for a printing company in his hometown of Reading, designing and drawing pamphlets and flyers for local dance clubs and the like.
Interested in writing and drawing for comic books, he visited DC Comics as a fan and was treated to a tour of the office by editor Julius Schwartz, who gave Steranko a copy of a script featuring the science-fiction adventurer Adam Strange.
He initially entered the comics industry in 1957, not long out of high school, working for a short time inking pencil art by Vince Colletta and Matt Baker in Colletta's New York City studio before returning to Reading.
Then, in a rarity for comics artists, he took over the series' writing with #155 (April 1967), following Roy Thomas, who had succeeded Lee.
In another break with custom, he himself, rather than a Marvel staff artist, had become the series' uncredited colorist by that issue.
soon became one of the creative zeniths of the Silver Age, and one of comics' most groundbreaking, innovative and acclaimed features.
Entire pages would be devoted to photocollages of drawings [that] ignored panel boundaries and instead worked together on planes of depth.
The graphic influences of Peter Max, Op Art and Andy Warhol were embedded into the design of the pages – and the pages were designed as a whole, not just as a series of panels.
He absorbed, adapted and built upon the groundbreaking work of Jack Kirby, both in the use of photomontage (particularly for cityscapes), and in the use of full- and double-page-spreads.
She and Steranko's other skintight leather-clad version of Bond girls pushed what was allowable under the Comics Code at the time.
(Marvel Enterprises, 2001; ), however, Steranko's original final panel was reinserted: In a black-and-white long shot with screentone shading, the couple is beginning to embrace, with Fury standing and the Countess on one knee, getting up.
Decades afterward, however, their images are among comics' best known, and homages to his art have abounded – from updates of classic covers with different heroes in place of Fury, to recreations of famous pages and layouts.
According to Steranko at a 2006 panel and elsewhere, Lee disliked or did not understand the homage to horror author H. P. Lovecraft, and devised his own title for the story.
Steranko served as editor and also produced the covers for the magazine's inaugural four issues before being succeeded editorially by Tony Isabella.
When DC Comics gained the comic book publishing rights to The Shadow, they contacted Steranko to work on the new series but ultimately chose Dennis O'Neil and Michael Kaluta to produce the title instead.
The radiotelephony message PAN-PAN is the international standard urgency signal that someone aboard a boat, ship, aircraft, or other vehicle uses to declare that they have a situation that is urgent, but for the time being, does not pose an immediate danger to anyone's life or to the vessel itself.
This is distinct from a mayday call (distress signal), which means that there is imminent danger to life or to the continued viability of the vessel itself.
The exact representation of PAN-PAN in Morse code is the urgency signal XXX, which was first defined by the International Radiotelegraph Convention of 1927.
Then the caller states their craft's identification, position, nature of the problem, and the type of assistance or advice they require, if any.
Once the urgent situation that led to the pan-pan broadcast is resolved or contended with, conventional practice is for the station that initiated the pan-pan call to make a followup broadcast to all stations, declaring that the urgent situation no longer exists.
These organisations can coordinate or assist and can relay such calls to other stations that may be better able to do so.
In September 1998, Swissair Flight 111 used the call during an emergency landing request following a fume event, which turned out to be an electrical fire that subsequently destroyed the aircraft.
Also, in the wake of Avianca Flight 52, the call is frequently used to denote situations where fuel is getting low for given conditions, but not yet at a critical emergency state.
Qantas Flight 72 (QF-72) issued a pan-pan when the aircraft experienced rapid, uncommanded movements in which the plane dropped several hundred feet without instruction from the flight crew.
Qantas Flight 32 issued a pan-pan when one of its four engines suffered an uncontained engine failure shortly after take-off in a flight from Singapore to Sydney.
Air Berlin Flight 9721, on an Airbus A330 with registration D-ALPA, issued a pan-pan on 5 May 2012, 15 minutes before touchdown at Munich from Palma, Mallorca, when the crew reported fatigue to the traffic controllers and requested autoland.
On 15 December 2010, an RAF CH-47 Chinook helicopter with serial number ZH891 was on a daytime tasking in flight within the Green Zone in Baghdad when it came under small arms and rocket-propelled grenade fire.
On 12 October 2013, Cyprus Airways flight number CY303 from Vienna to Larnaca, Cyprus, operated by an Airbus 319-100, registration number 5B-DCN, issued a pan-pan over Thessaloniki, Greece, due to a crack on the pilots' windscreen.
The pilots decided the best solution was to land at Eleftherios Venizelos airport in Athens, Greece, something they managed after 30 minutes of flight.
On 25 August 2014, an 82-year-old passenger aboard a chartered Australia by Air Beechcraft Duchess from Bankstown to Cowra, New South Wales, wrested controls from the pilot in an apparent attempt to cause a crash.
In February 2016, Virgin Atlantic flight VS025 from London to New York City issued a pan-pan when west of Ireland, after the co-pilot reported feeling unwell due to an incident with a laser soon after take-off.
In March 2017, the crew of a Regional Express (Rex) flight ZL768, from Albury to Sydney, issued a pan-pan when one of the two propellers of the Saab 340 plane fell off over the Sydney suburb of Revesby.
On 5 May 2019, Aeroflot Flight 1492 from Moscow Sheremetyevo to Murmansk (Russia) with 73 passengers and five crew, was in the initial climb when, following a lightning strike, the crew declared pan-pan reporting they had loss of radio communication first, later emergency via transponder codes and returned to Sheremetyevo for a landing on runway 24L at 18:31L (15:31Z).
During the roll out the aircraft burst into flames, veered left off the runway and came to a stop on the grass adjacent to the runway, the aircraft burned down.
41 occupants perished in the accident (28 occupants still missing were declared dead), 35 occupants were able to evacuate the aircraft via both front door emergency slides, the two flight crew escaped via the escape ropes through the cockpit windows, there were 11 injuries.
On 10 July 2019, Virgin Australia Flight VA69 from Melbourne to Hong Kong, issued a pan-pan when the pilot realised the right engine was leaking fuel shortly after take off from Melbourne.
Within 60 minutes of take off the aircraft had landed safely back at Melbourne Tullamarine airport and all crew and passengers were disembarked safely.
This type of call is specifically for getting a physician's advice for a medical problem that does not, in the opinion of the skipper or master of the vessel, seem life-threatening.
Once patched through, a physician or other medical expert on land or in another vessel typically asks the radio operator to detail the symptoms and history of the condition, and provide any available patient medical history.
In some cases, the medical issue may be urgent enough to escalate the pan-pan to a mayday call for immediate intervention by rescuers, if possible.
The root is cultivated in Puerto Rico, sold locally at farmers' markets and supermarkets, and is a traditional staple of the Puerto Rican kitchen.
However, a growing trend (specifically in South American cuisine, particularly Peruvian) is to use the immature vegetable, valued for its intensity of flavour and tenderness overall.
It is edible raw or cooked, and tastes similar to the stalks (the upper part of the stem) of common celery cultivars.
The leaves and stems of the vegetable are quite flavoursome, and aesthetically delicate and vibrant, which has led to their use as a garnish in contemporary fine dining.
The shelf life of celeriac is approximately six to eight months if stored between and , and not allowed to dry out.
If celeriac is not fresh its centre becomes hollow, though even when freshly harvested there can be a small medial hollow.
Peter John Veniot, (October 4, 1863 – July 6, 1936) was a businessman and newspaper owner and a politician in New Brunswick, Canada.
Veniot was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1894, but left politics in 1900 for a customs job.
In 1912, he was hired to reorganize the Liberal Party of New Brunswick, and became a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) again in 1917.
As Minister, Veniot was responsible for the creation of the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission and the modernization of the province's highway system.
Recommendations of freight-rate reductions and subsidy increases were implemented, but suggestions for subsidies based on fiscal need and transportation use to encourage regional development were ignored.
Married in 1885 to Catherine Melanson, their son Clarence Joseph was elected in the federal riding of Gloucester by-election after his death.
He and his wife are interred in Bathurst, in the cemetery adjacent to the offices of the newspaper that made his fortune.
On March 31, 2005, Kashima, along with the towns of Mihonoseki, Shimane, Shinji, Tamayu and Yatsuka, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
On March 31, 2005, Shimane, along with the towns of Kashima, Mihonoseki, Shinji, Tamayu and Yatsuka, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
On March 31, 2005, Mihonoseki, along with the towns of Kashima, Shimane, Shinji, Tamayu and Yatsuka, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
On August 1, 2011, Higashiizumo was merged into the expanded city of Matsue and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Two ships of the class have become museum ships, nine have been sunk in training exercises, and the others have been scrapped or are scheduled to be scrapped.
Nine ships were constructed by Bath Iron Works of Bath, Maine, five were built by Bethlehem Steel at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, two were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding at Pascagoula, Mississippi and two were built by Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Company in Seattle, Washington.
At the time they entered service, these ships were the largest US destroyers ever built, long, with a standard displacement of .
They were originally armed with three /54 caliber guns mounted in single turrets (one forward and two aft), 4 /50 caliber AA guns in twin mounts, as well as hedgehogs and torpedoes for ASW.
On March 31, 2005, Yakumo, along with the towns of Kashima, Mihonoseki, Shimane, Shinji, Tamayu and Yatsuka (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
On March 31, 2005, Tamayu, along with the towns of Kashima, Mihonoseki, Shimane, Shinji and Yatsuka, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
Noted for its production of Menou or Agate, a green quartz stone, this stone is one of the three gifts given to each newly crowned Emperor.
Today, it is a tourist destination for Japanese living in the western part of the country, although it is famous all over Japan.
It hosts the famous Onsen Matsuri, a summer festival that draws thousands of visitors each year, followed by a parade and beautiful sunsets on Lake Shinji.
The Japanese dialect spoken here is Izumo-ben or Izumo dialect which can be difficult to understand but the people are warm and understanding.
On March 31, 2005, Shinji, along with the towns of Kashima, Mihonoseki, Shimane, Tamayu and Yatsuka, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
On March 31, 2005, Yatsuka, along with the towns of Kashima, Mihonoseki, Shimane, Shinji and Tamayu, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.
On October 1, 2004, Hirose, along with the town of Hakuta (also from Nogi District), was merged into the expanded city of Yasugi.
He joined the merchant firm of Vassie and Company and became vice president and managing director after marrying Johanna Vassie, daughter of the firm's head.
Foster was defeated in the Saint John County riding in the 1917 election but was elected to the Legislative Assembly by acclamation in a by-election later that year in Victoria County.
His government established the first department of health in 1918, gave women the right to vote in 1919 and created the province's power commission in 1920.
Walter Foster resigned from provincial politics on February 1, 1923 in order to return to put his own failing personal finances in order.
He entered federal politics becoming Secretary of State of Canada in 1925, but failed to win a seat in that year's federal election, or again in the 1926 federal election.
In 1928, Walter Foster was appointed by Prime Minister Mackenzie King to the Senate of Canada and served as Speaker of the Senate of Canada from 1936 to 1940.
On October 1, 2004, Hakuta, along with the town of Hirose (also from Nogi District), was merged into the expanded city of Yasugi.
On January 31, 2005, Nita, along with the town of Yokota (also from Nita District), was merged to create the town of Okuizumo.
On January 31, 2005, Yokota, along with the town of Nita (also from Nita District), was merged to create the town of Okuizumo.
On November 1, 2004, Daitō, along with the towns of Kamo and Kisuki (all from Ōhara District), the towns of Kakeya and Mitoya, and the village of Yoshida (all from Iishi District), was merged to create the city of Unnan.
On November 1, 2004, Kamo, along with the towns of Daitō and Kisuki (all from Ōhara District), the towns of Kakeya and Mitoya, and the village of Yoshida (all from Iishi District), was merged to create the city of Unnan.
On November 1, 2004, Kisuki, along with the towns of Daitō and Kamo (all from Ōhara District), the towns of Kakeya and Mitoya, and the village of Yoshida (all from Iishi District), was merged to create the city of Unnan.
On November 1, 2004, Mitoya, along with the towns of Daitō, Kamo and Kisuki (all from Ōhara District), the town of Kakeya, and the village of Yoshida (all from Iishi District), was merged to create the city of Unnan.
On November 1, 2004, Yoshida, along with the towns of Daitō, Kamo and Kisuki (all from Ōhara District), and the towns of Kakeya and Mitoya (all from Iishi District), was merged to create the city of Unnan.
On November 1, 2004, Kakeya, along with the towns of Daito, Kamo and Kisuki (all from Ōhara District), the town of Mitoya, and the village of Yoshida (all from Iishi District), was merged to create the city of Unnan.
George Bryan Porter (February 9, 1791 – July 6, 1834), was an American statesman in Pennsylvania and Territorial Governor of Michigan from August 6, 1831, until his death on July 6, 1834.
Appointed by President Andrew Jackson in 1831, Porter served as the Territorial Governor of Michigan from 1832 until his death in 1834.
In this role he accompanied Oneida chief Daniel Bread to the White House to ask President Jackson for alternative land arrangements for the Oneida in response to the 1831 Treaty of Washington, which along with the 1927 Treaty of Butte Morts had reduced Oneida lands by 90%.
Porter died while in office on July 6, 1834 (age 43 years, 147 days) during a cholera epidemic in Detroit, Michigan.
A portrait of Porter was unveiled in November 2015 and hangs on the second floor of the Michigan State Capitol in Lansing.
Porter was married to Sarah Humes of Pennsylvania, on October 31, 1816, and had at least four children, one of whom was General Andrew Porter, one of the generals at the First Battle of Bull Run, who married Margarite Biddle of the famous Biddle family.
He was also the brother of David Rittenhouse Porter, Pennsylvania Governor, 1839–1845, and James Madison Porter, Secretary of War, 1843–1844, and the uncle of Horace Porter, U.S.
On January 1, 2005, Tonbara, along with the town of Akagi (also from Iishi District), was merged to create the town of Iinan.
On January 1, 2005, Akagi, along with the town of Tonbara (also from Iishi District), was merged to create the town of Iinan.
On October 1, 2011, Hikawa was merged into the expanded city of Izumo and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On March 22, 2005, Sada, along with the city of Hirata, the towns of Koryō, Taisha and Taki (all from Hikawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Izumo.
On March 22, 2005, Taki, along with the city of Hirata, the towns of Koryō, Sada and Taisha (all from Hikawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Izumo.
Although now part of the city, officially, it is separated from the main part of Izumo by a drive or train ride of about 20 minutes.
On March 22, 2005, Koryō, along with the city of Hirata, the towns of Sada, Taisha and Taki (all from Hikawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Izumo.
On March 22, 2005, Taisha, along with the city of Hirata, the towns of Koryō, Sada and Taki (all from Hikawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Izumo.
Izumo Taisha, along with Ise Grand Shrine in Ise, Mie prefecture are considered two of the most important sites in Shinto.
Taisha was formerly connected to Izumo by a JR West line, however the station and line from Izumo to Taisha was closed in 1990.
On October 1, 2005, Yunotsu, along with the town of Nima (also from Nima District), was merged into the expanded city of Ōda.
On October 1, 2005, Nima, along with the town of Yunotsu (also from Nima District), was merged into the expanded city of Ōda.
This act repealed Banking and Financial Institutions Act 1989, Insurance Act 1996 (though sections 144, 147(4), 147(5), 150, 151 and 224 of the Insurance Act 1996 continue to remain in full force and effect by virtue of section 275 of FSA 2013), Payment Systems Act 2003 and Exchange Control Act.
Sets out the regulatory framework for Malaysia's Islamic financial sector with the principal regulatory objectives of promoting financial stability and compliance with Shariah.
After careful investigation, the ministry of finance Malaysia should issue and endorse a certification to show that the Central Bank has fully cleared the funds while Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) should also endorse their certification.
This will be at a cost of 0.25 percent of the total funds to be transferred and you are advised to go through your attorney within Malaysia.
A mandate of 0.35 percent of the total funds to be transferred is required to be paid in cash to the necessary authority.
Landmarks located near the Central Bank building include Dataran Merdeka, St Mary's Cathedral, Kuala Lumpur City Hall building, Lake Gardens, Kuala Lumpur and the Tugu Negara.
A new building for the Financial Services and Resources Center (FSRC) was constructed in 2004 to house the FSRC, SEACEN, IFSB and the FMAG (the museum arm of Central Bank).
Located along Jalan Dato Onn, in front of the Tun Hussein Onn Memorial, the building was designed by renowned Malaysian architect firm, Hijjas Kasturi Associates.
Asian Institute of Finance was established in 2009 by Central Bank of Malaysia and Securities Commission Malaysia and focuses on developing human capital across the financial services industry in Malaysia.
In 1837 the Indian rupee was made the sole official currency in the Straits Settlements, but in 1867 silver dollars were again legal tender.
Since then, the continuity of the currency has been broken twice, first by the Japanese occupation 1942 – 1945, and again by the devaluation of the Pound Sterling in 1967 when notes of the Board of Commissioners of Currency of Malaya and British Borneo lost 15% of their value.
On 12 June 1967, the Malaysian dollar, issued by the new central bank, Central Bank of Malaysia, replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar at par.
The new currency retained all denominations of its predecessor except the $10,000 denomination, and also brought over the colour schemes of the old dollar.
Its activities caught the attention of many; initially, Asian markets came to realise the influence Central Bank had on the direction of forex market.
Alan Greenspan, the Federal Reserve's chairman, later realised Central Bank's massive speculation activities and requested the Malaysian central bank to stop it.
On 21 September 1990, BNM sold between $500 million and $1 billion worth of pound sterlings in a short period, driving the pound down 4 cents on the dollar (Millman, p. 228).
Two years later on Black Wednesday, Central Bank attempted to defend the value of the British pound against attempts by George Soros and others to devalue the pound sterling.
In 1998, Central Bank pegged RM3.80 ringgit to the US dollar after the ringgit substantially depreciated during the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
In July 2005, the central bank abandoned fixed exchange rate regime in favour of managed floating exchange rate system an hour after China floated its own currency.
This resulted in capital flight of more than US$10 billion, thought to be due to the repatriation of speculative funds that entered the country in anticipation of the abandonment of the peg: Central Bank's foreign exchange reserves increased by $24 billion in the one-year period between July 2004 and July 2005 (see table below).
During this period there was widespread belief that the ringgit was undervalued and that if the peg was removed, the ringgit would appreciate.
The ringgit has appreciated gradually since the peg was abandoned and as at 28 May 2007, it traded at around RM3.40 to the US dollar.
Malaysia's foreign exchange reserves have increased steadily since the initial capital flight, and as at 31 March 2007 the reserves stood at approximately US$88 billion, which is approximately $10 billion more than the reserves just prior to the peg being abandoned.
On October 1, 2004, Ōchi, along with the village of Daiwa (also from Ōchi District), was merged to create the town of Misato.
On October 1, 2004, Daiwa, along with the town of Ōchi (also from Ōchi District), was merged to create the town of Misato.
On October 1, 2004, Hasumi, along with the towns of Iwami and Mizuho (all from Ōchi District), was merged to create the town of Ōnan.
On October 1, 2004, Mizuho, along with the town of Iwami, and the village of Hasumi (all from Ōchi District), was merged to create the town of Ōnan.
On October 1, 2004, Iwami, along with the town of Mizuho, and the village of Hasumi (all from Ōchi District), was merged to create the town of Ōnan.
An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Iwami as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.
On October 1, 2005, Kanagi, along with the towns of Asahi and Misumi, and the village of Yasaka (all from Naka District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamada.
On October 1, 2005, Asahi, along with the towns of Kanagi and Misumi, and the village of Yasaka (all from Naka District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamada.
On October 1, 2005, Yasaka, along with the towns of Asahi, Kanagi and Misumi (all from Naka District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamada.
On October 1, 2005, Misumi, along with the towns of Asahi and Kanagi, and the village of Yasaka (all from Naka District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamada.
Bordered by the Sea of Japan, Misumi is renowned for an estimated 600-year-old Obira sakura tree approximately seven kilometers outside of town.
Ryūun-ji temple, further along the road from Misumi Shrine up into the mountain, is also a major tourist destination in Misumi.
On November 1, 2004, Mito, along with the town of Hikimi (also from Mino District), was merged into the expanded city of Masuda.
On November 1, 2004, Hikimi, along with the town of Mito (also from Mino District), was merged into the expanded city of Masuda.
As it is close to Yamaguchi prefecture, many tourists who come to Tsuwano also visit Hagi on the Sea of Japan and Yamaguchi at the same time, and Tsuwano is often mistaken as being in Yamaguchi prefecture.
The Catholic church in Tsuwano itself is dedicated to Saint Francis Xavier, who visited Japan as a missionary in 1549–50, and is located on its main street.
The Santa Maria Church at Otome Pass was dedicated in 1951 and is part of a memorial for Japanese Christians persecuted and tortured in Tsuwano by the government during the Edo and Meiji periods.
In 1773 Tsuwano's seventh-generation feudal lord Kamei Norisada had Taikodani Inari built to enshrine a share of the spirit worshipped at the Fushimi Inari in Kyoto.
As one of five Inari shrines in Japan, it attracts people from throughout western Japan to pray for prosperity and good fortune in the coming year.
Mori's tomb is in Yomei-ji Temple in Tsuwano, built in 1420 and known as one of two great Sōtō sect temples (the other being Daijo-ji Temple in Kanazawa).
The other is the Shisei Kuwabara Photographics Museum, the name since April 1, 2004 of what was previously the Tsuwano Documentary Photograph Gallery; this shows photographs by and is named after Shisei Kuwabara, known for his work in Minamata and Korea.
Fujii was convicted of manslaughter in a Canadian court, and served five years of an eight-year sentence, after which she was deported to Japan.
The train is usually pulled by a C57 locomotive, but a C56 does the job on several weekdays between July and September, and both engines are linked in a double-header configuration on weekends in August.
Carriages are decorated in the styles of three Japanese eras—Meiji, Taisho, and Showa—as well as in European style, and the rearmost carriage has an outdoor observation deck.
On October 1, 2005, Kakinoki, along with the village of Muikaichi (also from Kanoashi District), were merged to create the town of Yoshika.
On October 1, 2005, Muikaichi, along with the village of Kakinoki (also from Kanoashi District), were merged to create the town of Yoshika.
On October 1, 2004, Saigō, along with the villages of Fuse, Goka and Tsuma (all from Oki District), was merged to create the town of Okinoshima.
The Battle of Mons Lactarius (also known as Battle of the Vesuvius) took place in 552 or 553 during the Gothic War waged on behalf of Justinian I against the Ostrogoths in Italy.
After the Battle of Taginae, in which the Ostrogoth king Totila was killed, the Byzantine general Narses captured Rome and besieged Cumae.
After the battle, Italy was again invaded, this time by the Franks, but they too were defeated and the peninsula was, for a time, reintegrated into the Empire.
On October 1, 2004, Fuse, along with the town of Saigō, and the villages of Goka and Tsuma (all from Oki District), was merged to create the town of Okinoshima.
On October 1, 2004, Goka, along with the town of Saigō, and the villages of Fuse and Tsuma (all from Oki District), was merged to create the town of Okinoshima.
As of March 2017, the town had an estimated population of 2,293 and a population density of 68 persons per km².
Ama occupies all of the island of Nakanoshima, in the Oki Islands archipelago in the Sea of Japan, along with a number of offshore uninhabited islands and rocks.
Ama was part of the ancient Oki Province, and the island consisted of a single district, also called Ama, and three villages.
Emperor Go-Toba, defeated in the Jōkyū War in 1221, was exiled to the Oki Islands, and lived in Ama for 19 years until his death in 1239.
After the Meiji restoration, the Oki Islands became part of Tottori Prefecture in 1871, but were transferred to Shimane Prefecture in 1881.
Nishinoshima occupies all of the island of Nishinoshima, in the Oki Islands archipelago in the Sea of Japan, along with a number of offshore uninhabited islands and rocks.
Nishinoshima was part of ancient Oki Province, and is the location of a number of Shinto shrines dating to the early Heian period.
After the Meiji restoration, the Oki Islands became part of Tottori Prefecture in 1871, but were transferred to Shimane Prefecture in 1881.
As of Japan's 2010 census, the village has a population of 657 people, constituting 326 households, and a population density of about 48 persons per km².
Chibu is located on , the smallest of the Dōzen group of islands, and includes 18 smaller uninhabited islands located nearby waters.
Chibujima was composed of 7 hamlets: , , , , , , and , which were united to form Chibu Village in 1909.
The village is served by a sea port located in Kurii which provides ship transportation among the three islands of the Dozen group, to Okinoshima, and to the mainland.
Pinus leiophylla, commonly known as Chihuahua pine, smooth-leaf pine, and yellow pine (in Mexico, tlacocote and ocote chino), is a tree with a range primarily in Mexico, with a small extension into the United States in southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico.
The Mexican range extends along the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre del Sur from Chihuahua to Oaxaca, from 29° North Lat.
The needles are in bundles of three to five, long, or rarely to , and are a bright glossy green to yellowish-green.
The cones are ovoid, long, or rarely to , and borne on a long stalk; they are unusual in taking about 30–32 months to mature, a year longer than most other pines.
This species often grows in mixed in stands with several other pines and/or junipers, in Arizona most often with Apache Pine and Alligator Juniper, but also grows in pure stands.
Its habitat is prone to wildfire, and the species shows some adaptations unusual among pines to cope with this; if the crown is destroyed by fire, the trunk, protected by its thick bark, will send out new shoots to re-grow a new crown.
As none of these are species particularly closely related to each other, the adaptation has probably arisen independently in each, an example of convergent evolution.
Players move sand hourglass timers and drop plastic rings around spaces on a hexagonal board in an attempt to limit their opponent's moves.
Each player starts the game with 32 rings, and the player with the fewest remaining rings at the end of the game is the winner.
A timer must have sand running through it in order to be moved, and when it is moved, it is also turned over.
Thus, rather than giving a set amount of time in which to make a move, each player's set of 3 timers all have variable amounts of time remaining in which they can be moved, and that time changes whenever a move is made.
At any point during the game, it may be beneficial to delay moving or to move as quickly as possible, and an opponent can use another timer to force a move if it is in their interest.
Sparwood is quite large for its population, taking up an area of 191.01 square kilometres and incorporating the local coal mines.
In the late 1800s, there was a railroad stop known as Sparwood, which was so named because of the trees from this area being shipped to the coast for manufacturing spars for ocean vessels.
A large part of the population either works in the mines or as tradespeople and labourers in related support industries, such as trucking or as mechanics.
Sparwood was formed on 12 May 1966 accepting people from the nearby towns of Michel, Natal and Middletown (an urban renewal).
The green Titan, in service at Sparwood between 1978 and 1991, stands a few yards from the Crowsnest Highway where it can attract the attention of tourists and travelers.
On 17 October 2017 an ammonia leak at the Fernie Memorial Arena killed three workers (two City of Fernie employees and one CIMCO refrigeration employee from Calgary) during the Fernie Ghostriders' regular season.
Because of this tragedy, the City of Fernie declared a state of emergency and people had to evacuate the area for days.
The 'Riders were relocated because of this to the Elk Valley Leisure Centre in Sparwood during the 2017–18 KIJHL season until the City of Fernie installed a new chiller unit.
There are two public schools in Sparwood; Frank J Mitchell which is an Elementary School and the new Sparwood Secondary School.
As a result of the low overnight lows in summer, September's mean of places Sparwood just above subarctic climates in classification.
The Catholic Church in Sweden was established by Archbishop Ansgar in Birka in 829, and further developed by the Christianization of Sweden in the 9th century.
In the Middle Ages, continental culture, philosophy and science spread to Sweden through the Catholic Church, which also founded schools, Uppsala University, hospitals as well as monasteries and convents.
The Reformation in Sweden began in 1527 when King Gustav Vasa and his Riksdag of Västerås broke the full communion of the Swedish church with the Pope in Rome, and instead made it politically controlled by the kingdom.
Controversies about the state of Catholicism in the Swedish church endured, however, even until the reigns of King John III (1568-1592) and the Catholic King Sigismund of Sweden (1592-1599).
At the Uppsala Synod in 1593, under the influence of Duke and future King Charles IX of Sweden, the Swedish church finally became a Lutheran state church, ratified by Charles' victory in his war against his Catholic predecessor in 1599.
Limited visits of individual foreign Catholics in Sweden were decriminalised through the Tolerance Act, imposed in 1781 by King Gustav III of Sweden.
Still, however, according to the Act of Succession of the Swedish throne, only Lutheran legitimate descendants brought up in Sweden are presently entitled to succeed as monarch and the thus head of state of Sweden.
Since 1953, the Catholic Church in Sweden is formally represented by the Diocese of Stockholm, covering the whole country, estimating some 106,873 registered members (2013), with unofficial estimates of about 150,000 Catholics in the country in total.
On May 21, 2017 Pope Francis named Bishop Anders Arborelius, the Ordinary of Stockholm, a Cardinal, a first for the Catholic Church in Sweden.
The administration of the diocese took it for granted that the name was the Catholic Church, that they had never applied to legally patent the name.
The Catholic Church was the established church of Sweden from the Middle Ages until the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, when King Gustav I severed relations with Rome.
The Church of Sweden became Lutheran at the Uppsala Synod in 1593 when it adopted the Augsburg Confession to which most Lutherans adhere.
In the 1770s, the prominent Liberal Anders Chydenius - himself a Lutheran priest - prevailed upon King Gustav III to legalise the immigration of Catholics (as well as Jews) into Sweden.
However, the Lutheran Church remained the only legal church in Sweden until the middle of the 19th century, when other churches were allowed.
When Emperor Louis the Pious was visited in 829 by two envoyés of the Swedish king, who messaged that several in their homeland were willing to convert to the Christian faith, he appointed Archbishop Ansgar for the mission.
Ansgar and his assistant, the monk Witmar, followed with a convoy of merchants, but halfway they were attacked by vikings, and had to reach Birka on foot.
Thereafter, Christianity slowly grew in Sweden from the 9th century until the late 11th century by people who came in contact with Christianity in other countries, and through missionaries from the Holy Roman Empire and England.
Though, findings from a Christian graveyard at Varnhem dated to the 9th century, indicate that Christianity may have arrived before Ansgar.
The first significant sign that Christianity had been established on a larger scale was the baptism of King Olof Skötkonungs circa 1008.
According to Adam of Bremen, Olof Skötkonung was granted an ultimatum at the ting in Uppsala: if he respected the faith of the pagan Nordic mythology and the blót rituals at the Temple of Uppsala, he got to choose one county to have as Christian.
He chose Västergötland, and in cooperation with the Archbishopric of Bremen, which was responsible for Apostolic Vicariate of the Nordic Missions, the Diocese of Skara was established, with first bishop appointed in 1014: Thurgot of Skara (dead circa 1030).
Some of them are, besides Bridget, are Sigfrid of Sweden, and Helena of Skövde, but there were also local cults of for instance Catherine of Vadstena, , Ingrid of Skänninge, and .
The process had its background in the reformers' criticism of Catholicism, but it was also due to a larger societal context, including attempts to foster a centralised military state under more powerful royal control.
Thus, the break with the Catholic Church and parts of its teachings, was due part to political/economical reasons, part to the theological reformation.
Regarding the first, the conflict stood primarily at the Riksdag of Västerås in 1527, and the break with the pope through the abolition of the Canon law in 1536 under King Gustav Vasa.
Naturally, there were plenty who during and after the Protestant Reformation didn't swap their loyalties so easy, yet didn't wish to leave the country.
Throughout the modern era, immigrants arrived from Catholic countries who only reluctantly made superficial professions of Lutheranism, although some might have been described as crypto-Catholics.
Catholic authorities sent representatives illegally into the country and educated Swedes to become Catholic prelates outside of Sweden, despite that they could not legally return.
John III participated in Catholic eucharist and had extensive dialogue with the Holy See in Rome of having the Swedes returning to Catholicism, but these attempts were stranded.
At the same time, the ideas of the Reformation were recognised along with the establishment of a national church in Sweden during the Uppsala Synod in 1593.
At this time in Sweden, politics was religion, and religion was politics, why the decision could be perceived as a provocative stance by the throne pretendent Duke against future King Sigismund and his supporters, which would eventually result in the War against Sigismund.
Due to the throne ascention of King Sigismund and the establishment of the Swedish–Polish Union 1594-1599, the Protestant Reformation was halted, and religious freedom allowed.
Subsequent to Duke Charles victory in his War against Sigismund 1599, all Catholics were banned and exiled, enforced by death penalty.
Since this time, the Church of Sweden has made claims of being the historical continuation of the earlier Catholic Church in Sweden.
Later, after the death of King Charles IX in 1611, some legal suspensions were offered for ambassadors from Catholic countries and their relatives for them to live their faith, as for a few merchants and mercenaries.
For instance, in 1624, the Mayor Zackarias Anthelius and the royal secretary Göran Bähr both received the death penalty for having converted to the Catholic faith while refusing Lutheranism.
Their visits to the legation chapels were accepted behind closed doors in order to celebrate mass, and in this way these chapels evolved into small parishes.
In 1781, King Gustav III imposed the Tolerance Act in Sweden, which gave foreign Catholics that had moved to Sweden the right to build churches and educate their issue in the Catholic tradition.
First, an Apostolic prefecture was created, and in 1783 Pope Pius VI appointed the French priest Nicolaus Oster as apostolic vicar in Sweden, .
Therefore, until 1837, Stockholm's Catholics celebrated mass in the Freemasons hall inside the building of today's Stockholm City Museum, which they were offered to rent for the purposes.
After King Oscar I married a Catholic Princess, Josephine of Leuchtenberg, the restrictions against the Catholic Church in Sweden were further eased.
At this time also the Chapel of Eugenia was erected at Norrmalm, which stood finished in 1837, but was demolished during the Redevelopment of Norrmalm in the 1960s.
Since 1873 it has been legal also for Sweden citizens to adhere to the Catholic Church without risking death penalty or exile.
Civil rights were still restricted, however: until 1951 it was forbidden for Catholics to become Members of Parliament, teachers, physicians, or nurses.
He was succeeded by Bishop Ansgar Nelson, a Benedictine monk, Bishop John Taylor, Oblates, and Bishop Hubertus Brandenburg, along with assistant bishop William Kenney, Passionist, who would later join Birmingham in the United Kingdom.
The Diocese of Stockholm, founded in 1953, covers all of Sweden's territory, has more than 100,000 members and is one of Sweden's largest religious denominations.
The education typically lasts 7 years in total, covering studies in philosophy, theology, pastoral practical work, as well as spiritual and liturgical instruction.
In the larger towns they have their own masses, and in Stockholm one of the Protestant churches is used twice on Sunday since the Catholic churches are too small.
Approximately one in three priests (42 of 150) are born in Poland, and several others are Swedish-born but of Polish descent.
Croatian believers from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina also typically have their own priests, a number that increased during the wars that followed the break-up of Yugoslavia.
Since the 1980s an increasing number of people of Middle Eastern descent have arrived in Sweden, and in Greater Stockholm each Sunday there are several Divine Liturgies in the Melkite, Maronite, Chaldean, Armenian and Syriac Eastern Rites.
In fact, the current Bishop of Stockholm, Anders Arborelius, is the first ethnically Swedish Catholic bishop in Europe since the Reformation.
However, ethnically Swedish Catholics, most of whom are converts from Lutheranism, do form a majority of the traditionalist Catholics in the country.
Somewhat as in England, Catholicism is seen as an option by certain more devout ethnic Swedes who consider the Church of Sweden too liberal.
On 9 April 2000, the church beatified Swedish nurse Maria Elisabeth Hesselblad (1870–1957), founder of the Swedish chapter of the revived Catholic order of the Bridgettines.
Pope Francis approved the second miracle attributed to her on 14 December 2015 which would allow for her future canonization; the date was decided at an ordinary consistory of cardinals on 15 March 2016 and was celebrated in Saint Peter's Square on 5 June 2016.
Of the rest of the land, or 12.2% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 7.4% is unproductive land.
Out of the forested land, 72.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 10 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 8 people.
The age distribution, , in Ronco sopra Ascona is; 36 children or 5.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 43 teenagers or 6.4% are between 10 and 19.
53 people or 7.8% are between 30 and 39, 109 people or 16.1% are between 40 and 49, and 119 people or 17.6% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 119 people or 17.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 92 people or 13.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 49 people or 7.2% who are over 80.
There were also 22 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
Of these apartments, a total of 341 apartments (34.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 643 apartments (64.8%) were seasonally occupied and 8 apartments (0.8%) were empty.
The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 46 or 19.3%), the SSI (with 42 or 17.6%) and the UDC (with 34 or 14.3%).
The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 54 or 22.5%), the LEGA (with 53 or 22.1%) and the SSI (with 28 or 11.7%).
There were 285 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.0% of the workforce.
There were 76 persons (or about 11.53% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 25 persons (or about 3.79% of the population) did not answer the question.
The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Ronco sopra Ascona there were 10 children in kindergarten.
In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college.
In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student).
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields.
, there were 3 students in Ronco sopra Ascona who came from another municipality, while 66 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Coracias is a genus of the rollers, an Old World family of near passerine birds related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters.
They sit in a tree or on a post before descending on their prey and carrying it back in the beak to a perch before dismembering it.
In 1968, she became the first black woman elected to the United States Congress, and she represented New York's 12th congressional district for seven terms from 1969 to 1983.
In 1972, she became the first black candidate for a major party's nomination for President of the United States, and the first woman to run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, as well as the first woman to appear in a United States presidential debate.
Shirley Anita St. Hill was born on November 30, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York, to immigrant parents from the Caribbean region.
Her father was a laborer who sometimes worked in a factory that made burlap bags, but when he could not find factory employment instead worked as a baker's helper, while her mother was a skilled seamstress and domestic worker who had trouble working and raising the children at the same time.
There they lived on the grandmother's farm in the Vauxhall village in Christ Church, where she attended a one-room schoolhouse that took education seriously.
As a result of her time on the island, and regardless of her U.S. birth, St. Hill would always consider herself a Barbadian American.
Beginning in 1939, St. Hill attended Girls' High School in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, a highly regarded, integrated school that attracted girls from throughout Brooklyn.
He had migrated to the U.S. from Jamaica in 1946 and later became a private investigator who specialized in negligence-based lawsuits.
Chisholm taught in a nursery school while furthering her education, earning her MA in elementary education from Teachers College at Columbia University in 1952.
From 1953 to 1959, she was director of the Friends Day Nursery in Brownsville, Brooklyn, and of the Hamilton-Madison Child Care Center in lower Manhattan.
Running a day care center got her interested in politics, and during this time she formed the basis of her political career, working as a volunteer for white-dominated political clubs in Brooklyn, and with the Bedford-Stuyvesant Political League and the League of Women Voters.
Chisholm was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly from 1965 to 1968, sitting in the 175th, 176th and 177th New York State Legislatures.
By early 1966 she was a leader in a push by the statewide Council of Elected Negro Democrats for black representation on key committees in the Assembly.
She also sponsored the introduction of a SEEK program (Search for Education, Elevation and Knowledge) to the state, which provided disadvantaged students the chance to enter college while receiving intensive remedial education.
In 1968 she ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 12th congressional district, which as part of a court-mandated reapportionment plan had been significantly redrawn to focus on Bedford-Stuyvesant and was thus expected to result in Brooklyn's first black member of Congress.
As a result of the redrawing, the white incumbent in the former 12th, Representative Edna F. Kelly, sought re-election in a different district.
In the June 18, 1968, Democratic primary, Chisholm defeated two other black opponents, State Senator William S. Thompson and labor official Dollie Robertson.
In the general election, she staged an upset victory over James L. Farmer, Jr., the former director of the Congress of Racial Equality who was running as a Liberal Party candidate with Republican support, winning by an approximately two-to-one margin.
When Chisholm confided to Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson that she was upset and insulted by her assignment, Schneerson suggested that she use the surplus food to help the poor and hungry.
She later played a critical role in the creation of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program.
As a reward for her support, Boggs assigned her to the much-prized Education and Labor Committee, which was her preferred committee.
Chisholm said that she had faced much more discrimination during her New York legislative career because she was a woman than because of her race.
In May 1971 she, along with fellow New York Congresswoman Bella Abzug, introduced a bill to provide $10 billion in federal funds for child care services by 1975.
A less expensive version introduced by Senator Walter Mondale eventually passed the House and Senate as the Comprehensive Child Development Bill, but was vetoed by President Richard Nixon in December 1971, who said it was too expensive and would undermine the institution of the family.
Chisholm created controversy when she visited rival and ideological opposite George Wallace in the hospital soon after his shooting in May 1972, during the presidential primary campaign.
Several years later, when Chisholm worked on a bill to give domestic workers the right to a minimum wage, Wallace helped gain votes of enough Southern congressmen to push the legislation through the House.
From 1977 to 1981, during the 95th Congress and 96th Congress, Chisholm was elected to a position in the House Democratic leadership, as Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus.
She was a vocal opponent of the draft and supported spending increases for education, health care and other social services, and reductions in military spending.
Later that year she married Arthur Hardwick, Jr., a former New York State Assemblyman whom Chisholm had known when they both served in that body and who was now a Buffalo liquor store owner.
Hardwick was subsequently injured in an automobile accident; desiring to take care of him, and also dissatisfied with the course of liberal politics in the wake of the Reagan Revolution, she announced her retirement from Congress in 1982.
Chisholm began exploring her candidacy in July 1971, and formally announced her presidential bid on January 25, 1972, in a Baptist church in her district in Brooklyn.
Chisholm became the first black major-party candidate to run for President of the United States, in the 1972 U.S. presidential election, making her also the first woman ever to run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination (U.S.
I am not the candidate of the women's movement of this country, although I am a woman and equally proud of that.
She also struggled to be regarded as a serious candidate instead of as a symbolic political figure; she was ignored by much of the Democratic political establishment and received little support from her black male colleagues.
Security was also a concern, as during the campaign three confirmed threats were made against her life; Conrad Chisholm served as her bodyguard until U.S. Secret Service protection was given to her in May 1972.
But due to organizational difficulties and Congressional responsibilities, she only made two campaign trips there and ended with 3.5 percent of the vote for a seventh-place finish.
Her largest number of votes came in the June 6 California primary, where she received 157,435 votes for 4.4 percent and a fourth-place finish, while her best percentage in a competitive primary came in the May 6 North Carolina one, where she got 7.5 percent for a third-place finish.
Altogether during the primary season, she received 430,703 votes, which was 2.7 percent of the total of nearly 16 million cast and represented seventh place among the Democratic contenders.
At the 1972 Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida, there were still efforts taking place by the campaign of former Vice President Hubert Humphrey to stop the nomination of Senator George McGovern.
This, combined with defections from disenchanted delegates from other candidates, as well as the delegates she had won in the primaries, gave her a total of 152 first-ballot votes for the nomination during the July 12 roll call.
Her largest support overall came from Ohio, with 23 delegates (slightly more than half of them white), even though she had not been on the ballot in the May 2 primary there.
It is sometimes stated that Chisholm won a primary in 1972, or won three states overall, with New Jersey, Louisiana, and Mississippi being so identified.
None of these fit the usual definition of winning a plurality of the contested popular vote or delegate allocations at the time of a state primary, caucus, or state convention.
In the delegate selection vote, Democratic front-runner Senator George McGovern defeated his main rival at that point, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, and won the large share of available delegates.
Most of the Democratic candidates were not on the preference ballot, including McGovern and Humphrey; of the two that were, Chisholm and former governor of North Carolina Terry Sanford, Sanford had withdrawn from the contest three weeks earlier.
During the actual balloting at the national convention, Chisholm received votes from only 4 of New Jersey's 109 delegates, with 89 going to McGovern.
In the May 13 Louisiana caucuses, there was a battle between forces of McGovern and Governor George Wallace; nearly all of the delegates chosen were those who identified as uncommitted, many of them black.
Leading up to the convention, McGovern was thought to control 20 of Louisiana's 44 delegates, with most of the rest uncommitted.
During the actual roll call at the national convention, Louisiana passed at first, then cast 18.5 of its 44 votes for Chisholm, with the next best finishers being McGovern and Senator Henry M. Jackson with 10.25 each.
By the time of the national convention, the loyalists were seated following a credentials challenge, and their delegates were characterized as mostly supporting McGovern, with some support for Humphrey.
During the convention, some McGovern delegates became angry about what they saw as statements from McGovern that backed away from his commitment to end U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia, and cast protest votes for Chisholm as a result.
During the actual balloting, Mississippi went in the first half of the roll call, and cast 12 of its 25 votes for Chisholm, with McGovern coming next with 10 votes.
As such she was not a member of any particular department, but would be able to teach classes in a variety of areas; those previously holding the position included W. H. Auden, Bertrand Russell, and Arna Bontemps.
During those years, she continued to give speeches at colleges, by her own count visiting over 150 campuses since becoming nationally known.
Continuing to be involved politically, she traveled to visit different minority groups and urging them to become a strong force at the local level.
In 1993, President Bill Clinton nominated her to be United States Ambassador to Jamaica, but she could not serve due to poor health and the nomination was withdrawn.
African American women from various political organizations convened to set forth a political agenda emphasizing the needs of women of African descent.
The Shirley Chisholm Project on Brooklyn Women's Activism (formerly known as the Shirley Chisholm Center for Research) exists at Brooklyn College to promote research projects and programs on women and to preserve the legacy of Chisholm.
In January 2018, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced his intent to build the Shirley Chisholm State Park, a state park along of the Jamaica Bay coastline, adjoining the Pennsylvania Avenue and Fountain Avenue landfills south of Spring Creek Park's Gateway Center section.
Chisholm has been a major influence on other women of color in politics, among them California Congresswoman Barbara Lee, who stated in a 2017 interview that Chisholm had a profound impact on her career.
Kamala Harris recognized Chisholm's presidential campaign by using a similar color scheme and typography in her own 2020 presidential campaign's promotional materials and logo.
The party described itself on its website as centrist without any direct specific ideological affiliation other than occupying the centre of the political spectrum.
An earlier party of the same name (no relation to this party) was established by perennial candidate Anne McBride in 1983.
The playing pieces are six white, eight gray, and ten black marbles, and (for the standard game) 37 rings, each of which can hold a marble.
(A quicker variant can be played in which the object is to capture three white marbles, or four grays, or five blacks, or two of each color.
The player must continue to jump with the same ball as long as additional jumps by the same ball are possible.
If at any stage of jumping more than one jump is possible, the player may choose whatever direction he pleases; he must, however, continue jumping with the same ball for as long as at least one other ball is jumpable by that ball.
If no jumps are available, the player whose turn it is must drop a marble of any color onto an empty ring of the board, and take a removable ring from the board.
A ring is removable if it can be detached by sliding it away on the table surface without displacing other rings.
Because a player is forced to capture when possible, a common strategy is for one player to play so that the other must capture a piece of low importance.
This moves other pieces into a position where the first player can then capture one or more pieces of higher importance.
Frequently a game will end with one player forcing the other to repeatedly jump, gaining time to win with a capture by isolation.
The Majority Report with Sam Seder is a listener supported, internet talk radio program and podcast hosted by actor/comedian Sam Seder.
From March 2004 until July 2006 the show was hosted by film actress/comedian Janeane Garofalo and originally aired on the Air America Radio network.
The show focused on the discussion of current news events and political affairs from a liberal or progressive standpoint; to this end, comedy and satire were used on the program from time to time to make key points.
The show debuted with the network on March 31, 2004 and aired from 8 to 11 p.m. Eastern time initially, and later in the year the time slot moved up an hour to 7 to 10 p.m.
According to Seder in an interview for Gothamist in late August 2004, the inspiration for the radio program occurred on election night 2000, when Seder witnessed via the television media what he perceived to be the theft of the presidency by George W. Bush.
In the summer of 2003, Garofalo was approached by representatives of Air America Radio to be a radio personality for their programming.
Comedian Marc Maron filled in for Seder on December 1, 2006 and guest hosted the show for the entire week of December 18–22, 2006.
On June 2, Garofalo responded to Seder's opposition, suggesting that he would not have a problem with the program if it were linked to Jews rather than Scientologists.
She mentioned that Seder was her favorite available choice for co-host when she was approached by Air America for the radio show; her first choice (as she said in obvious jest) was her favorite actor, Steve McQueen, who has been deceased for many years.
Garofalo returned to the show occasionally, performing as Senator Katherine Harris, a comedic/satirical impersonation of Katherine Harris, former (Republican) Florida Secretary of State and Representative for FL-13.
The format closely matches the previous Air America program (even using some of the same recorded intro announcements and bumper music), with politically oriented commentary by Seder and interviews with various guests.
In September of 2017 Kelly Carey departed to work for TYT Politics, and Jamie Peck along with Brendan Finn were hired as producers later in October.
Mental calculation comprises arithmetical calculations using only the human brain, with no help from any supplies (such as pencil and paper) or devices such as a calculator.
People use mental calculation when computing tools are not available, when it is faster than other means of calculation (such as conventional educational institution methods), or even in a competitive context.
For example, when dealing with large numbers, say 1531 × 19625, estimation instructs you to be aware of the number of digits expected for the final value.
1531 is around 1500, and 19625 is around 20000, so a result of around 20000 × 1500 (30000000) would be a good estimate for the actual answer (30045875).
Furthermore, any number which is a multiple of both 5 and 2 is necessarily a multiple of 10, and in the decimal system would end with a 0.
It is a multiple of 10, 7 (the other prime factor of 14) and 3 (the other prime factor of 15).
For example, evaluate 872 − 41 simply by subtracting 1 from 2 in the units place, and 4 from 7 in the tens place: 831.
8192 − 732, mentally, you want to add 8000 but that would be too much, so add 7000, then 700 to 1100, is 400 (so far we have 7400), and 32 to 92 can easily be recognized as 60.
This method can be used to subtract numbers left to right, and if all that is required is to read the result aloud, it requires little of the user's memory even to subtract numbers of arbitrary size.
Discovered by Artem Cheprasov, there is a method of multiplication that allows the user to utilize 3 steps to quickly multiply numbers of any size to one another via three unique ways.
This means two positive integers can be multiplied together to get negative intermediate steps, yet still the correct positive answer in the end.
Where t is the tens unit of the original larger number (75) and t is the tens unit of the original smaller number (35).
The author also outlines another similar algorithm if you want to round the original larger number down and the original smaller number up instead.
If two numbers are equidistant from the nearest multiple of 100, then a simple algorithm can be used to find the product.
T is the original larger number's tens digit and T is the original larger number's tens digit multiplied by their respective power (in this case by 10, for a tens digit).
FOIL can also be looked at as a number with F being the hundreds, OI being the tens and L being the ones.
Where one number being multiplied is sufficiently small to be multiplied with ease by any single digit, the product can be calculated easily digit by digit from right to left.
2×7=14, so the final digit is 4, with a 1 carried and added to the 2×6 = 12 to give 13, so the next digit is 3 with a 1 carried and added to the 2×1=2 to give 3.
and append each result in the respective order to form a new number;(fraction answers should be rounded down to the nearest whole number).
Since 9 = 10 − 1, to multiply a number by nine, multiply it by 10 and then subtract the original number from the result.
This method can be adjusted to multiply by eight instead of nine, by doubling the number being subtracted; 8 × 27 = 270 − (2×27) = 270 − 54 = 216.
Similarly, by adding instead of subtracting, the same methods can be used to multiply by 11 and 12, respectively (although simpler methods to multiply by 11 exist).
Assign the left thumb to be 1, the left index to be 2, and so on all the way to right thumb is ten.
Take the number of fingers still raised to the left of the bent finger and prepend it to the number of fingers to the right.
Ex: There are five fingers left of the right little finger and four to the right of the right little finger.
For single digit numbers simply duplicate the number into the tens digit, for example: 1 × 11 = 11, 2 × 11 = 22, up to 9 × 11 = 99.
The product for any larger non-zero integer can be found by a series of additions to each of its digits from right to left, two at a time.
If a number sums to 10 or higher take the tens digit, which will always be 1, and carry it over to the next addition.
Finally copy the multipliers left-most (highest valued) digit to the front of the result, adding in the carried 1 if necessary, to get the final product.
In the case of a negative 11, multiplier, or both apply the sign to the final product as per normal multiplication of the two numbers.
If you have a two-digit number, take it and add the two numbers together and put that sum in the middle, and you can get the answer.
For example: 24 x 11 = 264 because 2 + 4 = 6 and the 6 is placed in between the 2 and the 4.
Second example: 87 x 11 = 957 because 8 + 7 = 15 so the 5 goes in between the 8 and the 7 and the 1 is carried to the 8.
Or if 43 x 11 is equal to first 4+3=7 (For the tens digit) Then 4 is for the hundreds and 3 is for the tens.
Assign 6 to the little finger, 7 to the ring finger, 8 to the middle finger, 9 to the index finger, and 10 to the thumb.
Knowing that 15 is 225 and 2 is 4, simple subtraction shows that 225 − 4 = 221, which is the desired product.
It may be useful to be aware that the difference between two successive square numbers is the sum of their respective square roots.
Hence if you know that 12 × 12 = 144 and wish to know 13 × 13, calculate 144 + 12 + 13 = 169.
Multiply these numbers together to get 242,000 (This can be done efficiently by dividing 484 by 2 = 242 and multiplying by 1000).
In other words, the square of a number is the square of its difference from fifty added to one hundred times the difference of the number and twenty five.
In other words, the square of a number is the square of its difference from one hundred added to the product of one hundred and the difference of one hundred and the product of two and the difference of one hundred and the number.
For instance, to estimate the square root of 15, we could start with the knowledge that the nearest perfect square is 16 (4).
The actual square root of 15 is 3.872983... One thing to note is that, no matter what the original guess was, the estimated answer will always be larger than the actual answer due to the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.
Thus, in the previous example, the square root of 15 is formula_40 As another example, square root of 41 is formula_41 while the actual value is 6.4031...
If 'a' is close to the target, 'b' will be a small enough number to render the formula_46 element of the equation negligible.
The difficulty of the task does not depend on the number of digits of the perfect power but on the precision, i.e.
In addition, it also depends on the order of the root; finding perfect roots, where the order of the root is coprime with 10 are somewhat easier since the digits are scrambled in consistent ways, as we shall see in the next section.
For example, given 74088, determine what two digit number, when multiplied by itself once and then multiplied by the number again, yields 74088.
Note that every digit corresponds to itself except for 2, 3, 7 and 8, which are just subtracted from ten to obtain the corresponding digit.
The second step is to determine the first digit of the two digit cube root by looking at the magnitude of the given cube.
To do this, remove the last three digits of the given cube (29791 → 29) and find the greatest cube it is greater than (this is where knowing the cubes of numbers 1-10 is needed).
Here, 29 is greater than 1 cubed, greater than 2 cubed, greater than 3 cubed, but not greater than 4 cubed.
The greatest cube it is greater than is 3, so the first digit of the two digit cube must be 3.
These types of tricks can be used in any root where the order of the root is coprime with 10; thus it fails to work in square root, since the power, 2, divides into 10.
To approximate a common log (to at least one decimal point accuracy), a few log rules, and the memorization of a few logs is required.
Start by finding the log of 4, which is .60, and then the log of 5, which is .70 because 4.5 is between these two.
Next, and skill at this comes with practice, place a 5 on a logarithmic scale between .6 and .7, somewhere around .653 (NOTE: the actual value of the extra places will always be greater than if it were placed on a regular scale.
i.e., you would expect it to go at .650 because it is halfway, but instead it will be a little larger, in this case .653) Once you have obtained the log of a, simply add b to it to get the approximation of the common log.
Physical exertion of the proper level can lead to an increase in performance of a mental task, like doing mental calculations, performed afterward.
Using an EEG as a measure of mental workload after different levels of physical activity can help determine the level of physical exertion that will be the most beneficial to mental performance.
Previous work done at Michigan Technological University by Ranjana Mehta includes a recent study that involved participants engaging in concurrent mental and physical tasks.
This study investigated the effects of mental demands on physical performance at different levels of physical exertion and ultimately found a decrease in physical performance when mental tasks were completed concurrently, with a more significant effect at the higher level of physical workload.
This procedure, mostly used in cognitive experiments, suggests mental subtraction is useful in testing the effects maintenance rehearsal can have on how long short-term memory lasts.
It consists of a range of different tasks such as: addition of ten ten-digit numbers, multiplication of two eight-digit numbers, calculation of square roots, and calculation of weekdays for given dates, calculation of cube roots plus some surprise miscellaneous tasks.
It consists of six different tasks: addition of ten ten-digit numbers, multiplication of two eight-digit numbers, calculation of square roots, and calculation of weekdays for given dates, calculation of cube roots plus some surprise miscellaneous tasks.
Awards and money prizes were given for 10 categories in total; of which 5 categories had to do about Mental Calculation (Mental addition, Mental Multiplication, Mental Square Roots (non-integer), Mental Calendar Dates calculation and Flash Anzan).
He was the lead singer of The Orioles, a vocal group from Baltimore, Maryland, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995.
The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally receive less media coverage.
France's first experience with an upper house was under the Directory from 1795 to 1799, when the Council of Ancients was the upper chamber.
With the Restoration in 1814, a new Chamber of Peers was created, on the model of the British House of Lords.
At first it contained hereditary peers, but following the July Revolution of 1830, it became a body whose members were appointed for life.
The Second Republic returned to a unicameral system after 1848, but soon after the establishment of the Second French Empire in 1852, a Senate was established as the upper chamber.
In the Fourth Republic, the Senate was replaced by the Council of the Republic, but its function was largely the same.
With the new Constitution of the Fifth Republic which came into force on 4 October 1958, the older name of Senate was restored.
In 2011, the Socialist Party won control of the Senate for the first time since the foundation of the Fifth Republic.
In 2014, the centre-right Gaullists and its allies won back the control of the Senate; they retained their majority in 2017.
Because both houses may amend the bill, it may take several readings to reach an agreement between the National Assembly and the Senate.
This does not happen frequently; usually the two houses eventually agree on the bill, or the administration decides to withdraw it.
This power however gives the National Assembly a prominent role in the law-making process, especially since the administration is necessarily of the same side as the Assembly, for the Assembly can dismiss the administration through a motion of censure.
Also, a vote of censure can occur only after 10 percent of the members sign a petition; if rejected, those members that signed cannot sign another petition until that session of Parliament has ended.
If the petition gets the required support, a vote of censure must gain an absolute majority of all members, not just those voting.
If the Assembly and the Senate have politically distinct majorities, the Assembly will in most cases prevail, and open conflict between the two houses is uncommon.
The Senate is also the representative of the territories and often defends the regions and mayors, see the article 24 of the Constitution.
In that month, the term was reduced to six years, while – to reflect a growth in the country's population – the number of senators was set to increase progressively, to reach 348 by 2011.
Senators had been elected in thirds every three years; this was also changed to one half of their number every three years.
The President of the Senate is, under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, first in the line of succession—in case of death, resignation or removal from office (only for health reasons)—to the presidency of the French Republic, becoming Acting President of the Republic until a new election can be held.
This happened twice for Alain Poher—once at the resignation of Charles de Gaulle and once at the death of Georges Pompidou.
The President of the Senate also has the right to designate three of the nine members of the Constitutional Council, serving for nine years.
As a consequence, while the political majority changes frequently in the National Assembly, the Senate has remained politically right, with one brief exception, since the foundation of the Fifth Republic, much to the displeasure of the Socialists.
This has spurred controversy, especially after the 2008 election in which the Socialist Party, despite controlling all but two of France's regions, a majority of departments, as well as communes representing more than 50 % of the population, still failed to achieve a majority in the Senate.
The left, led by the Socialist Party, gained control of the Senate for the first time since 1958 during the 2011 election, leading to the election of Jean-Pierre Bel at its presidency.
This proved a short-lived win, as the right, led by the Union for a Popular Movement, regained the Senate three years later.
As an indirectly elected house, the Senate is often criticised by political parties such as La France Insoumise and the National Rally as not being representative enough.
The Republicans and the Socialist Party tend to want to reform the Senate in order to make it more effective without questioning its existence.
Citizen Fish does not emphasize the raw political statements and nihilistic viewpoint of the former, instead focusing on issues of social alienation and human interaction, viewed through a more optimistic lens.
In the following month, after a five-year recording hiatus, the band returned to the studio to record songs for a split album with the New York band Leftöver Crack.
Allen Ravenstine (born May 9, 1950) is an American keyboard player, most recognized for his work in the experimental rock group Pere Ubu.
He had much exposure to music at a young age, his interest derived from his mother playing Sergei Rachmaninoff and other classical music and his father's interest in jazz and percussion records.
Eventually, they discovered a way to attach lights and have them work in conjunction with the sounds being produced and decided to stage art shows.
Soon after, Ravenstine purchased his first synthesizer, an ElectroComp EML 200, and began associating with the garage band Rocket from the Tombs and recording their performances.
However, he was discouraged by the thought of having to perform live shows and opted to discontinue his involvement with the band.
After watching Pere Ubu perform at a few venues, Ravenstine changed his mind and returned as a full-time member of the band, replacing keyboardist Dave Taylor.
Ravenstine obtained a pilot's license after Ubu's initial breakup, and after leaving the band permanently, worked as a flight instructor and charter pilot.
Ravenstine largely avoided musical activity of any kind after leaving Pere Ubu, once making a guest appearance at a Red Krayola show in Los Angeles in 2004.
In this poem the narrator notices a lady in church, with a louse that is roving, unnoticed by her, around in her bonnet.
The poet chastises the louse for not realising how important his host is, and then reflects that, to a louse, we are all equal prey, and that we would be disabused of our pretensions if we were to see ourselves through each other's eyes.
An alternative interpretation is that the poet is musing to himself how horrified and humbled the pious woman would be if she were aware she was harbouring a common parasite in her hair.
Rocket from the Tombs was a Cleveland-based group that eventually fragmented: some members formed The Dead Boys, and others The Saucers, while David Thomas and guitarist Peter Laughner joined with guitarist Tom Herman, bass guitarist Tim Wright, drummer Scott Krauss and synthesist Allen Ravenstine to form Pere Ubu in 1975.
Musicians of many types, including progressive rock, punk rock, post punk and new wave, were influenced by the dark, abstract record.
While most synthesizer players tended to play the instrument as they would a piano or organ, Ravenstine generally opted instead to make sounds that were reminiscent of spooky sound effects from 1950s science fiction films, or perhaps electronic music and musique concrète.
The group disbanded again soon afterwards; Krauss and Maimone formed Home and Garden, while Thomas worked on a solo career, notably with Richard Thompson and with members of Henry Cow.
Jim Jones contributed guitar tracks to each album as well, and guitarist Wayne Kramer of MC5 fame joined the band for their 1998 summer tour.
Their songs imagined 1950s and 1960s garage rock and surf music archetypes as seen in a distorting funhouse mirror, emphasising the music's angst, loneliness and lyrical paranoia.
Sometimes sounding like a demented nursery rhyme sing-along, this already bizarre blend was overlaid with Ravenstine's ominous EML synthesizer effects and tape looped sounds of mundane conversation, ringing telephones or steam whistles.
Their propulsive rhythmic pulse was similar to Krautrock, but Thomas's yelping, howling, desperate singing was and still is peculiar when compared to most other rock and roll singers.
Lucilio Vanini (15859 February 1619), who, in his works, styled himself Giulio Cesare Vanini, was an Italian philosopher, physician and free-thinker, who was one of the first significant representatives of intellectual libertinism.
From Naples he went to Padua, where he came under the influence of the Alexandrist Pietro Pomponazzi, whom he styled his divine master.
Subsequently, he led a roving life in France, Switzerland and the Low Countries, supporting himself by giving lessons and disseminating radical ideas.
Vanini then left Paris, where he had been staying as chaplain to the Marechal de Bassompierre, and began to teach in Toulouse.
In November 1618, he was arrested and, after a prolonged trial, was condemned to have his tongue cut out, to be strangled at the stake and to have his body burned to ashes.
His father was Giovan Battista Vanini, a businessman from Tresana in Tuscany, while his mother was the daughter of a man named Lopez de Noguera, a customs contractor of the Spanish royal family's lands in Bari, Terra d'Otranto, Capitanata, and Basilicata.
A document dated August 1612, discovered in the Vatican Secret Archives, describes Vanini as of Apulia, which is consistent with the native land he mentions in his own works.
The government census of the population of the hamlet of Taurisano, in 1596, includes the names of Giovan Battista Vanini, his lawful son Alexander, born in 1582, and his natural son Giovan Francesco, while there is no mention of Vanini's wife or of another lawful son called Lucilio (or Giulio Cesare).
Afterwards, he remained in the Naples area for two years, apparently living as a friar, or alternatively he returned to Lecce and studied the new Renaissance sciences, chiefly medicine and astronomy.
Vanini, now come of age, was recognised by a court in the capital as heir of Giovan Battista and guardian of his brother Alexander.
In 1608, Vanini moved to Padua, a town under the rule of Venice, to study theology at that university (although there is no record of him subsequently obtaining a degree).
While there he came into contact with the group led by Paolo Sarpi that, with the support of the English embassy in Venice, fueled anti-papal polemics.
During that period, the controversy over the 1606 interdict placed on the Republic of Venice by Pope Paul V was still raging, and Vanini showed himself unambiguously in favour of the Republic.
Consequently, the Prior General of his order, Enrico Silvio, commanded him to return to Naples, where he would have been disciplined, probably severely, but instead Vanini sought refuge with the English ambassador to Venice in 1612.
They passed through Bologna, Milan, the Swiss canton of Graubünden, and descended via the Rhine, through Germany and the Netherlands, to the North Sea coast and the English Channel, finally reaching London and the Lambeth residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
By 1613, however, Vanini was having doubts, so he appealed to the Pope to be allowed back into the Catholic fold, but as a secular priest rather than as a friar; the request was granted by the Pope himself.
Around the start of 1614, Vanini visited the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford and confided to some acquaintances his imminent flight from England, so in January, he and Genocchi were arrested on the orders of the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Abbot.
The Spanish ambassador in London and the chaplain of the embassy of the Venetian Republic were thought to have engineered their escapes.
The two passed through the hands of the papal nuncio in Flanders, Guido Bentivoglio, to the papal nuncio in Paris, Roberto Ubaldini.
In Paris, in the summer of 1614, Vanini subscribed to the principles of the Council of Trent, to prove the sincerity of his return to the Catholic faith.
He then journeyed to Italy, going first to Rome, where he had to face the difficult final stages of the process in the court of the Inquisition, then to Genoa for a few months, where he found his friend Genocchi and taught philosophy to children of Scipio Doria for a time.
Despite assurances, the return of Vanini and Genocchi was not entirely peaceful; in January 1615 Genocchi was arrested by the Inquisitor of Genoa.
A short time later Vanini returned to Paris, where he asked Nuncio Ubaldini to intervene on his behalf with the authorities in Rome.
It was dedicated to François de Bassompierre, a powerful man at the court of Marie de' Medici, and was printed by Adrien Périer, a Protestant.
The work was immediately successful among those aristocratic circles populated by young spirits who looked with interest to the cultural and scientific innovations that came from Italy.
Now, unwelcome in England, unable to return to Italy and threatened by some circles of French Catholics, Vanini saw his room for manoeuvre shrinking and his chances of finding a stable place in French society failing.
Fearing that a court case would be started against him in Paris, he fled and went into hiding at Redon Abbey in Brittany, where Abbott Arthur d'Épinay de Saint-Luc acted as his protector.
But other factors gave cause for concern: in April 1617 Concino Concini, favorite of Marie de' Medici, was killed in Paris, giving rise to a wave of hostility to Italian residents at court.
In the following months, a mysterious Italian, with a strange name (Pompeo Uciglio) and in possession of great knowledge but an uncertain past, appeared in some cities of Guyenne, then the Languedoc and finally Toulouse.
In February 1619, the Parlement of Toulouse found him guilty of atheism and blasphemy and, in accordance with the regulations of the time, his tongue was cut out, he was strangled and his body was burned.
These contain a total of 60 dialogues (but really only 59, as dialogue XXXV is absent), which take place between the author, in the role of disseminator of knowledge, and an imaginary Alessandro, who urges his interlocutor to list and explain the mysteries of nature found around and within man.
But the real origin of supernatural phenomena is, for Vanini, the human imagination, which can sometimes change the appearance of external reality.
Following Pietro Pomponazzi and Simone Porzio in their interpretation of the Aristotelian texts and the commentary thereon by Alexander of Aphrodisias, Vanini denied the immortality of the soul and attacked the Aristotelian cosmos-view.
Like Bruno, he denied the difference between the everyday world and the celestial world, saying that both are composed of the same corruptible material.
He disputed, in the physical and biological world, finality and the hylomorphic Aristotelian doctrine, and, reconnecting Epicureanism with Lucretius, prepared a new mechanistic-materialistic description of the universe where bodies are likened to a watch, and conceived a first form of universal transformation of living species.
He agreed with the Aristotelian eternity of the world, especially considering the temporal aspect, but affirmed the rotation of the earth and appeared to reject the Ptolemaic system in favour of the heliocentric/Copernican system.
The works of Vanini have been extensively reviewed and revalued by contemporary critics, revealing originality and insights (metaphysical, physical, biological) sometimes well ahead of their time.
Since Vanini in his works obscured his ideas, a typical ploy at the time to avoid serious conflicts with the religious and political authorities, the interpretation of his thought is difficult.
Considered as one of the fathers of libertinism, he was regarded as a lost soul by conventional Christians, despite having written a defense of the Council of Trent.
To understand the origins of Vanini's thought one has to look to his cultural background, which was fairly typical of the Renaissance, with a prevalence of elements of Averroistic Aristotelianism but with strong elements of mysticism and Neo-Platonism.
On the other hand, he drew from Nicholas of Cusa typical pantheistic elements, similar to those which are also found in Giordano Bruno, but more materialistic.
As a precursor of libertinism there are many elements that make his teaching close to the thought of the unknown author of the Treatise of the Three Impostors, also a pantheist.
Denying creation from nothing and the immortality of the soul, he saw God in Nature as its driving force and vital force, both eternal.
The thought of Vanini is quite fragmented and also reflects the complexity of its origins, as he was a religious figure, a naturalist, but also a doctor and in part a magician.
The two works, though, instead of turning off the voice of the philosopher, boosted it in an environment that was obviously ready to receive, discuss and recognise the validity of his claims.
In that same year the name of Vanini was again brought to the attention of French culture during the sensational trial of the poet Théophile de Viau, whose outlook had striking similarities with Vaninian thought.
English intellectuals showed interest in the ideas of Vanini, and it was especially with the work of Charles Blount that Vanini's ideas entered English culture, becoming a cornerstone of libertinism and deism in seventeenth century England.
Another manuscript copy of the same work is in the Staats und Universitätbibliothek in Hamburg, reflecting the continued interest in the thought of Vanini in German culture.
The album cover features a photo of a wreath placed on a coffin with the tails of several rats (the Stranglers' trademark).
Jakow Trachtenberg (17 June 1888 – 1953) was a Jewish mathematician who developed the mental calculation techniques called the Trachtenberg system.
He graduated with highest honors from the Mining Engineering Institute in St. Petersburg and later worked as an engineer in the Obukhov arms factory.
It was developed by the Russian Jewish engineer Jakow Trachtenberg in order to keep his mind occupied while being in a Nazi concentration camp.
To find the next to last digit, we need everything that influences this digit: The temporary result, the last digit of formula_2 times the next-to-last digit of formula_3, as well as the next-to-last digit of formula_2 times the last digit of formula_3.
People can learn this algorithm and thus multiply four digit numbers in their head – writing down only the final result.
Trachtenberg defined this algorithm with a kind of pairwise multiplication where two digits are multiplied by one digit, essentially only keeping the middle digit of the result.
The arrow from the nine will always point to the digit of the multiplicand directly above the digit of the answer you wish to find, with the other arrows each pointing one digit to the right.
The vertical arrow points to the product where we will get the Units digit, and the sloping arrow points to the product where we will get the Tens digits of the Product Pair.
As you solve for each digit you will move each of the arrows over the multiplicand one digit to the left until all of the arrows point to prefixed zeros.
Splitting the dividend into smaller Partial Dividends, then dividing this Partial Dividend by only the left-most digit of the divisor will provide the answer one digit at a time.
As you solve each digit of the answer you then subtract Product Pairs (UT pairs) and also NT pairs (Number-Tens) from the Partial Dividend to find the next Partial Dividend.
If a subtraction results in a negative number you have to back up one digit and reduce that digit of the answer by one.
As a final step, the checking method that is advocated both removes the risk of repeating any original errors and identifies the precise column in which an error occurs all at once.
For the procedure to be effective, the different operations used in each stage must be kept distinct, otherwise there is a risk of interference.
If the answer is greater than a single digit, simply carry over the extra digit (which will be a 1 or 2) to the next operation.
The algorithms/operations for multiplication, etc., can be expressed in other more compact ways that the book does not specify, despite the chapter on algebraic description.
Arun Nehru was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and had worked in business for 17 years, from the age of 20, before he entered politics.
He was president of the Jenson and Nicholson group at the time when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi persuaded him to change career.
As a representative of the Indian National Congress (INC), Nehru was a member of Parliament in the 7th Lok Sabha (1980–84) and 8th Lok Sabha (1984-89) from Rae Bareli.
Aside from sitting on various consultative committees during this time, he was Union Minister of State for Energy (December 1984—September 1985,) and for Home Affairs (September 1985—October 1986) in 10th ministry of India.
Later, he left the INC for Janata Dal and was elected to the 9th Lok Sabha from Bilhaur in 1989, where he was Union Minister for Commerce and Tourism (December–November 1990).
During his tenure as minister in the Home department in 1985-86, he was allegedly involved in the Czech pistol case, where a deal with the Czechoslovakian firm Merkuria Foreign Trade Corp. had resulted in a loss of around .
Richard Kenneth Corkill (born 1951) was the Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, December 2001 to December 2004 and an elected member of the House of Keys from 1991 to 2006.
In what would have been a mid term shake up, Mr Corkill replaced MLCs Clare Christian and Pamela Crowe who has come under fire as Health and DLGE ministers respectively.
Steve Rodan was promoted to Health Minister and Bill Henderson and David Anderson were given their first jobs in the council.
Published by Editorial Televisa across the United States and Hispanic America, it was launched in Cuba February 1937 by Editorial Carteles S.A.
The magazine in its beginnings was aimed at women of high class, addressing them in a friendly manner and serving as a guide to help them keep up with the trends in fashion, culture, arts, health and beauty.
To guarantee its market success the magazine is edited locally in some cases, blending national preferences with international trends and always following its traditionally classical style.
However, localized editions are released simultaneously in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, United States, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.
Vanidades magazine stopped circulating in Colombia, Peru, Chile and Argentina due to the closure of Editorial Televisa in those countries between January and February 2019.
It was also distributed in Venezuela through the Bloque Dearmas, but it stopped being published due to the socioeconomic crisis that is lived in that country.
He became a key figure behind the Bombay Natural History Society after 1947 and used his personal influence to garner government support for the organisation, create the Bharatpur bird sanctuary (Keoladeo National Park) and prevent the destruction of what is now the Silent Valley National Park.
He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1958 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1976, India's third and second highest civilian honours respectively.
Along with his siblings, Ali was brought up by his maternal uncle, Amiruddin Tyabji, and childless aunt, Hamida Begum, in a middle-class household in Khetwadi, Mumbai.
Ali's early interest was in books on hunting in India and he became the most interested in sport-shooting, encouraged by his foster-father Amiruddin.
Shooting contests were often held in the neighbourhood in which he grew and his playmates included Iskandar Mirza, a distant cousin who was a particularly good marksman and went on in later life to become the first President of Pakistan.
Salim was introduced to the serious study of birds by W. S. Millard, secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) where Amiruddin was a member, who identified an unusually coloured sparrow that young Salim had shot for sport with his toy air gun.
Millard later introduced young Salim to (later Sir) Norman Boyd Kinnear, the first paid curator at the BNHS, who later supported Ali from his position in the British Museum.
Even at around 10 years of age, he maintained a diary and among his earliest bird notes were observations on the replacement of the males in paired hen sparrows after he shot down the males.
Salim went to primary school at Zenana Bible and Medical Mission Girls High School at Girgaum along with two of his sisters and later to St. Xavier's College, Bombay.
He was sent to Sind to stay with an uncle who had suggested that the dry air might help and on returning after such breaks in studies, he barely managed to pass the matriculation exam of the Bombay University in 1913.
Following a difficult first year in college, he dropped out and went to Tavoy, Burma (Tenasserim) to look after the family's wolfram (tungsten) mining (tungsten was used in armour plating and was valuable during the war) and timber interests there.
He went to study commercial law and accountancy at Davar's College of Commerce but his true interest was noticed by Father Ethelbert Blatter at St. Xavier's College who persuaded Ali to study zoology.
After attending morning classes at Davar's College, he then began to attend zoology classes at St. Xavier's College and was able to complete the course in zoology.
Ali was fascinated by motorcycles from an early age and starting with a 3.5 HP NSU in Tavoy, he owned a Sunbeam, Harley-Davidsons (three models), a Douglas, a Scott, a New Hudson and a Zenith among others at various times.
Ali failed to get an ornithologist's position which was open at the Zoological Survey of India due to the lack of a formal university degree and the post went instead to M. L. Roonwal.
He was hired as guide lecturer in 1926 at the newly opened natural history section in the Prince of Wales Museum in Mumbai for the salary of Rs 350 a month.
He however tired of the job after two years and took leave in 1928 to study in Germany, where he was to work under Professor Erwin Stresemann at the Berlin's Natural History Museum.
Stanford being a BNHS member had communicated with Claud Ticehurst and had suggested that he could work on his own with assistance from the BNHS.
Ticehurst did not appreciate the idea of an Indian being involved in the work and resented even more, the involvement of Stresemann, a German.
This was however not heeded by Reginald Spence and Prater who encouraged Ali to conduct the studies at Berlin with the assistance of Stresemann.
In Berlin, Ali made acquaintance with many of the major German ornithologists of the time including Bernhard Rensch, Oskar Heinroth, Rudolf Drost and Ernst Mayr apart from meeting other Indians in Berlin including the revolutionary Chempakaraman Pillai.
Ali also gained experience in bird ringing at the Heligoland Bird Observatory and in 1959 he received the assistance of Swiss ornithologist Alfred Schifferli in India.
On his return to India in 1930, he discovered that the guide lecturer position had been eliminated due to lack of funds.
Here he had the opportunity to study at close hand, the breeding of the baya weaver and discovered their mating system of sequential polygamy.
Later commentators have suggested that this study was in the tradition of the Mughal naturalists that Salim Ali admired and wrote about in three part series on the Moghul emperors as naturalists.
A few months were then spent in Kotagiri where he had been invited by K M Anantan, a retired army doctor who had served in Mesopotamia during World War I.
He also came in contact with Mrs Kinloch, widow of BNHS member Angus Kinloch who lived at Donnington near Longwood Shola, and later her son-in-law R C Morris, who lived in the Biligirirangan Hills.
Around the same time he discovered an opportunity to conduct systematic bird surveys in the princely states that included Hyderabad, Cochin, Travancore, Gwalior, Indore and Bhopal with the sponsorship of their rulers.
He was aided and supported in these surveys by Hugh Whistler who had surveyed many parts of India and had kept very careful notes.
Salim Ali wrote a response pointing out that this was in error and that such inaccuracies had been carried on from early literature and pointed out that it was incorrect observation that did not take into account a twist in the rachis.
Salim Ali found nothing amiss in Meinertzhagen's bird works but later studies have shown many of his studies to be fraudulent.
He was accompanied and supported on his early surveys by his wife, Tehmina, and was shattered when she died in 1939 following a minor surgery.
Ali was not very interested in the details of bird systematics and taxonomy and was more interested in studying birds in the field.
Ripley's past as an OSS agent led to allegations that the CIA had a hand in the bird-ringing operations in India.
Loke had been introduced to Ali by JTM Gibson, a BNHS member and Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Indian Navy, who had taught English to Loke at a school in Switzerland.
In the 1971 Sunder Lal Hora memorial lecture and the 1978 Azad Memorial Lecture he spoke of the history and importance of bird study in India.
Salim Ali was very influential in ensuring the survival of the BNHS and managed to save the then 100-year-old institution by writing to the then Prime Minister Pandit Nehru for financial help.
A cousin, Humayun Abdulali became an ornithologist while his niece Laeeq took an interest in birds and was married to Zafar Futehally, a distant cousin of Ali, who went on to become the honorary Secretary of the BNHS and played a major role in the development of bird study through the networking of birdwatchers in India.
Ali also guided several MSc and PhD students, the first of whom was Vijaykumar Ambedkar, who further studied the breeding and ecology of the baya weaver, producing a thesis that was favourably reviewed by David Lack.
Ali was able to provide support for the development of ornithology in India by identifying important areas where funding could be obtained.
He helped in the establishment of an economic ornithology unit within the Indian Council for Agricultural Research in the mid-1960s although he failed to gain support for a similar proposal in 1935.
He was also able to obtain funding for migration studies through a project to study the Kyasanur forest disease, an arthropod-borne virus that appeared to have similarities to a Siberian tick-borne disease.
This project partly funded by the PL 480 grants of the USA however ran into political difficulties with allegations made on CIA involvement.
The funding for the early bird migration studies actually came for the early studies from the US Army Medical Research Laboratory in Bangkok under the SEATO (South Atlantic Security Pact) and headed by H. Elliott McClure.
An Indian science reporter wrote in a local newspaper that the collaboration was secretly exploring the use of migratory birds for spreading deadly viruses and microbes into enemy territories.
India was then a non-aligned country and the news led to political upheaval and a committee was set up to examine the research and allegations.
Once cleared of these allegations, the project however stopped routing the funds through Bangkok to avoid further suspicions and was directly funded by the Americans to India.
Ali influenced the designation of the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, the Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary and in decisions that saved the Silent Valley National Park.
One of Ali's later interventions at Bharatpur involved the exclusion of cattle and graziers from the sanctuary and this was to prove costly as it resulted in ecological changes that led to a decline in the waterbirds.
Ali lived for some time with his brother Hamid Ali (1880-1965) who had retired in 1934 from the Indian Civil Service and settled at Southwood, ancestral home of his father in law, Abbas Tyabji, in Mussoorie.
A question he was asked frequently in later life was on the contradiction between the collection of bird specimens and his conservation related activism.
Brought up in a Muslim household, he had, in his younger life been taught to recite the Koran without understanding any Arabic.
In the early 1960s the national bird of India was under consideration and Salim Ali was intent that it should be the endangered Great Indian bustard, however this proposal was over-ruled in favour of the Indian peafowl.
In the same year, he received the J. Paul Getty Wildlife Conservation Prize consisting of a sum of $100,000, which he used as a corpus for the Salim Ali Nature Conservation Fund.
In 1969 he received the John C. Phillips memorial medal of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences awarded him the Pavlovsky Centenary Memorial Medal in 1973 and in the same year he was made Commander of the Netherlands Order of the Golden Ark by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands.
Dr. Salim Ali died in Bombay at the age of 90 on 20 June 1987, after a protracted battle with prostate cancer.
In 1990, the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) was established at Coimbatore by the Government of India.
The government of Goa set up the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and the Thattakad bird sanctuary near Vembanad in Kerala also goes by his name.
On his 100th birth Anniversary (12 November 1996) Postal Department of Government of India released a set of two postal stamps.
The first edition was reviewed by Ernst Mayr in 1943, who commended it while noting that the illustrations were not to the standard of American bird-books.
This work began in 1964 and ended in 1974 with a second edition completed after his death by others, notably J S Serrao of the BNHS, Bruce Beehler, Michel Desfayes and Pamela Rasmussen.
A two-volume compilation of his shorter letters and writings was published in 2007, edited by Tara Gandhi, one of his last students.
James Chance, also known as James White (born April 20, 1953 as James Siegfried in Milwaukee, Wisconsin), is an American saxophonist, keyboard player, songwriter and singer.
Born and raised in Milwaukee and Brookfield, Wisconsin, Chance attended Michigan State University, then the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music in Milwaukee.
There, Chance joined a band named Death, which performed covers of the Stooges and the Velvet Underground before moving toward original songs.
At the end of 1975, Chance dropped out and moved to New York City after the dissolution of the band and the death of its singer.
After studying for a short time under David Murray, Chance formed The Contortions, who fused jazz improvisation and funky rhythms, with live shows often ending in violence when Chance would confront audience members.
While Chance was professionally and romantically linked with No Wave musical luminary Lydia Lunch, the duo created seminal No Wave group Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, whom Chance soon left.
Chance was noted for engaging in physical confrontations, from forcing the audience out of their seats and getting in fist fights with his New York City audience, including rock critic Robert Christgau.
At first, this was just an attempt to engage the passive New York audience, but this practice is reported to have somewhat diminished after audiences came to expect the physical confrontations.
In 2001, Chance reunited with original Contortions members Jody Harris (guitar), Pat Place (slide guitar) and Don Christensen (drums) for a few limited engagements.
Original keyboard player Adele Bertei appeared briefly, but bass player George Scott III had died of an accidental drug overdose in 1980 and his slot was filled by Eric Sanko.
The reunited group has played twice at the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival, and, in 2008, at the PS1 Warm Up series.
In 2009 Chance made occasional appearances playing keyboards in NYC with a trio, with the material restricted to close readings of jazz standards.
In 2016, 19-year-old Dylan Greenberg directed James Chance in the music video for a re-recorded version of Melt Yourself Down, his first music video in nearly 20 years.
Riverfront Stadium, also known as Cinergy Field from 1996 to 2002, was a multi-purpose stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States that was the home of the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball from 1970 through 2002 and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League from 1970 to 1999.
On June 30, 1970, the Reds hosted the Atlanta Braves in their grand opening, with Hank Aaron hitting the first ever home run at Riverfront.
This game is best remembered for the often-replayed collision at home plate between Reds star Pete Rose and catcher Ray Fosse of the Cleveland Indians.
One feature of Riverfront that distinguished it from other cookie-cutters was that the lower level seats for baseball, from home plate to the left field foul line, were wheeled for conversion to a football seating configuration.
(Shea Stadium in New York had featured a similar movable field-level seats design from its debut in 1964 until the Jets moved to Giants Stadium in New Jersey in 1984, after which the Mets retrofitted Shea for exclusive baseball use.
The Reds moved to Riverfront Stadium midway through the 1970 season, after spending over 86 years at the intersection of Findlay Street and Western Avenue – the last 57½ of those years at Crosley Field.
Riverfront quickly earned a place in Cincinnati's century-long baseball tradition as the home of one of the best teams in baseball history.
The Reds had only won three pennants in their final 39 years at Crosley Field (1939, 1940, 1961) but made the World Series in Riverfront's first year (1970) and a total of four times in the stadium's first seven years, with the Reds winning back-to-back championships in 1975 and 1976.
The World Series would return in 1990, with Cincinnati winning the first two of a four-game sweep of the Oakland Athletics at Riverfront.
Baseball purists disliked Riverfront's artificial turf, but Reds' Manager Sparky Anderson and General Manager Bob Howsam took advantage of it by encouraging speed and line drive hitting that could produce doubles, triples and high-bouncing infield hits.
On defense, the fast surface and virtually dirtless infield (see photo) rewarded range and quickness by both outfielders and infielders, like shortstop Dave Concepción who used the turf to bounce many of his long throws to first.
The artificial turf covered not only the normal grass area of the ballpark but also most of the normally dirt-covered portion of the infield.
Only the pitcher's mound, the home plate area (in two circled areas), and cutouts around first, second and third bases had dirt surfaces (which were covered in five-sided diamond shaped areas).
The new stadiums that would follow (Veterans Stadium, Royals Stadium, Louisiana Superdome, Olympic Stadium (Montreal), Exhibition Stadium, Kingdome, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, B.C.
Place, SkyDome) installed sliding pits as the original layout, and the existing artificial turf fields in San Francisco, Houston, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis would change to the cut-out configuration within the next few years.
Riverfront hosted the MLB All-Star Game twice: first on July 14, 1970 with President Richard Nixon in attendance (51,838 total attendance), and again on July 12, 1988 (55,837 attendance).
Despite Cincinnati's love of baseball, it was the prospect of a professional football team that finally moved the city to end 20 years of discussion and build a new stadium on the downtown riverfront.
After playing for two seasons at Nippert Stadium on the University of Cincinnati campus, the Bengals built on the Reds' success in the stadium's first year when they recorded their first winning season and playoff appearance in 1970, just their third year of existence.
Riverfront Stadium hosted the 1988 AFC Championship, as the Bengals beat the Buffalo Bills 21–10 to advance to their second Super Bowl appearance.
During the Bengals' tenure, they defeated every visiting franchise at least once, enjoying perfect records against the Arizona Cardinals (4-0), New York Giants (4-0), and Philadelphia Eagles (3-0).
They posted a 5–1 record in playoff games played in Riverfront Stadium, with victories over the Buffalo Bills (twice), San Diego Chargers, Seattle Seahawks, and Houston Oilers.
Until the late 1990s, there wasn't a logo at midfield or any writing in the end zone, which had long become standard in NFL stadiums.
During the 1988 season as the Bengals were making another Super Bowl run, Riverfront Stadium was nicknamed the Jungle as the Bengals went a perfect 10-0 at home during the regular season and in the playoffs.
Between 1970 and 1990 Riverfront Stadium hosted some 25 University of Cincinnati football games to accommodate higher-caliber visiting teams and local rivals which would overwhelm demand in their usual home, Nippert Stadium (which then could only hold 28,000).
Among the Bearcats' opponents were the University of Alabama, University of Maryland, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, Boston College, West Virginia University, Penn State University, whose 1985 game took place with the Nittany Lions number one in the coaches' poll, and the University of Miami three times, twice while the Hurricanes were the defending national champions.
Prior to the 2001 baseball season, the stadium was remodeled into a baseball-only configuration, and the artificial surface was replaced with grass.
To allow room for the construction of Great American Ball Park (which was being built largely over the grounds the stadium already sat on), a large section of the left and center field stands were removed and the distance to the fences was shortened by .
The new Great American Ball Park and old Riverfront Stadium were 26 inches apart at its closest point during this time.
In the Reds' final two seasons in the stadium, ongoing construction on Great American was plainly visible just beyond the outfield walls while the team played their games.
Today, part of the site is now occupied by Great American Ball Park and the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, along with several mixed-use developments and parking facilities.
A small portion of the Riverfront Stadium site is now occupied by the Reds' Hall of Fame and Museum and Main Street, which was extended when the new park was built and when the old park was demolished.
The death of his father then left him in charge of a large family, and he worked very hard both as a teacher and a writer to provide for them.
In 1836 the Turinese publisher, Giuseppe Pomba, commissioned him to write a universal history, which his vast reading enabled him to do.
In six years the work was completed in seventy-two volumes, and immediately achieved a general popularity; the publisher made a fortune out of it, and Cantù's royalties amounted, it is said, to 300,000 lire (£12,000).
In 1857 the archduke Maximilian tried to conciliate the Milanese by the promise of a constitution, and Cantù was one of the few Liberals who accepted the olive branch, and went about in company with the archduke.
For a short time he was member of the Italian parliament; he founded the Lombard historical society, and was appointed superintendent of the Lombard archives.
The species breeds along the eastern and south-eastern coastlines of the South Island of New Zealand, as well as Stewart Island, Auckland Islands, and Campbell Islands.
Colonies on the Otago Peninsula are a popular tourist venue, where visitors may closely observe penguins from hides, trenches, or tunnels.
On the Otago Peninsula, numbers have dropped by 75% since the mid-1990s and population trends indicate the possibility of local extinction in the next 20 to 40 years.
While the effect of rising ocean temperatures is still being studied, an infectious outbreak in the mid 2000s played a large role in the drop.
In 2019 the 1.25Gb genome of the species was published as part of the Penguin Genome Consortium, and this data should help resolve the origins and aid conservation by helping inform any future breeding programs.
The yellow-eyed penguin is most easily identified by the band of pale yellow feathers surrounding its eyes and encircling the back of its head.
Weight varies throughout the year, with penguins being heaviest just before moulting, during which they may lose 3-4 kilograms in weight.
The northern population extends along the southeast coast of the South Island of New Zealand, down to Stewart Island and Codfish Island.
There is little gene flow between the northern and southern populations as the large stretch of ocean between the South Island and Subantarctic region and the subtropical convergence act as a natural barrier.
Around 90% of the yellow-eyed penguin's diet is made up of fish, chiefly demersal species that live near the seafloor (e.g.
While initially thought that the birds would prey on jellyfish itself deployments of camera loggers revealed that the penguins were going after juvenile fish and fish larvae associated with jellyfish.
Breeding penguins usually undertake two kinds of foraging trips: day trips where the birds leave at dawn and return in the evening ranging up to 25 km from their colonies, and shorter evening trips during which the birds are seldom away from their nest longer than four hours or range farther than 7 km.
While they can be seen coming ashore in groups of four to six or more individuals then disperse along track to individual nests sites out of sight of each other.
The consensus view of New Zealand penguin workers is that it is preferable to use habitat rather than colony to refer to areas where yellow-eyed penguins nest.
The incubation duties (lasting 39–51 days) are shared by both parents who may spend several days on the nest at a time.
For the first six weeks after hatching, the chicks are guarded during the day by one parent while the other is at sea feeding.
After the chicks are six weeks of age, both parents go to sea to supply food to their rapidly growing offspring.
A reserve protecting more than 10% of the mainland population was established at Long Point in the Catlins in November 2007 by the Department of Conservation and the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust.
In spring 2004, a previously undescribed disease killed off 60% of yellow-eyed penguin chicks on the Otago peninsula and in North Otago.
Teenage Jesus and the Jerks were an influential American no wave band, based in New York City, who formed part of the city's no wave movement.
She started to combine her poetry with acoustic guitar and was spurred to start a band after seeing one of Mars' earlier performances.
The group disbanded at the end of 1979, only reuniting briefly in 2008 for a small number of performances with former bassist Jim Sclavunos on drums and Thurston Moore on bass guitar.
Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, and their comrade bands Mars, Contortions and DNA, defined radicalism not as a return to roots but as deracination.
Curiously, the no wave groups staged their revolt against rock tradition by using the standard rock format of guitars, bass and drums.
Kevin Blackmore, who performs under the stage name Buddy Wasisname, is a Canadian singer, songwriter, comedian, and dramatist from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Blackmore is best known as leader of the band Buddy Wasisname and the Other Fellers, who perform mainly Newfoundland music and comedy.
He started his musical career in 1979 as a part of the comedic musical duo, Free Beer, together with Montreal native Lorne Elliott.
In 1983 Blackmore, together with Wayne Chaulk and Ray Johnson, formed the band Buddy Wasisname and the Other Fellers, singing and playing mandolin, fiddle and guitar.
Blackmore, as Buddy Wasisname, performed with the Other Fellers for 35 years, contributing to many concert tours and to 19 albums of recorded music and comedy.
This sword was long kept in Marcilla Castle, later in the Army Museum in Madrid and since 2007 in the Museo de Burgos.
Afterward, it was given by El Cid to his sons-in-law, the Infantes de Carrión but eventually returned into the possession of El Cid.
According to legend, after his death in 1099, the body of El Cid was seated in full armour and in the monastery church of San Pedro de Cardeña, and there with the sword Tizona struck down a Jew who plucked the dead hero's beard.
The monks revived the stunned Jew, who let himself be baptized and under the name Diego Gil became the servant of El Cid's squire Gil Diaz.
The broad blade is of type XIII, typical of c. the 12th century, with a narrow fuller running along less than half of the blade's length.
If authentic, both the hilt and the inscription would have been added later (the inscription possibly in the 13th to 14th century, the hilt in the 15th century).
By contrast, Bruhn de Hoffmeyer (1988) said that the blade may be identical to the sword listed as La Colada in the 1503 inventory.
A 2001 examination performed by the Complutense University of Madrid concluded that the blade may indeed date from the 11th century.
Álvaro Soler del Campo, curator at the Museo del Ejército, points out that the sword is formed of three joined pieces and that their typology is the same as that of the handle, adornment, and the inscription, from the era of the Catholic Monarchs.
This sword remained in the possession of the Marqueses of Falces, from at least the 17th century kept in the Palacial Castle of Marcilla.
Marcilla Castle was plundered by the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, but it was recovered by the Nationalist faction upon taking Figueres.
The sword was moved to the Museo del Ejército in Madrid and was on display there during 1944–2007, while remaining the property of the Marquesses of Falces.
However, in 1997, she transferred the peerage to her son, José Ramón Suárez del Otero y Velluti, who thus became The 17th Marqués de Falces.
However, a 2007 report cast doubt on the sword's authenticity, and the Ministry withdrew its offer, reducing the estimated value to EUR 200,000 – 300,000.
The sword was eventually sold in 2007/8, for a reported price of EUR 1.6 million, by the autonomous community of Castile and León and the Cabinet of Commerce and Industry of Burgos, and since then has been on display in the Museum of Burgos alongside other presumed relics of El Cid.
In 2011, a lawsuit was filed by the two daughters of Salustiano Fernández, demanding to be paid half of the purchase price, assuming that the sword after 1959 had been co-owned by Pedro, 15th Marqués de Falces, and his sister, Olga Velluti.
Jimmy Corrigan is a meek, lonely thirty-six-year-old man who meets his father for the first time in the fictional town of Waukosha, Michigan, over Thanksgiving weekend.
The experience is stressful for him as he can barely communicate with anyone other than his mother, let alone his estranged father.
A parallel story set in the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 shows Jimmy's grandfather as a lonely little boy and his difficult relationship with an abusive father, Jimmy's great grandfather.
Ware met his father only once in adulthood — while he was working on this book — and has remarked that his father's attempts at humor and casualness were not unlike those he'd already created for Jimmy's father in the book.
In addition to the graphic novel, the character of Jimmy Corrigan has appeared in other Ware comic strips, sometimes as his imaginary child genius character, sometimes as an adult.
Corrigan began as a child genius character in Ware's early work, but as Ware continued, the child genius strips appeared less frequently, and increasingly followed Corrigan's sad, adult existence.
In their native country they have few diseases; Icelandic law prevents horses from being imported into the country and exported animals are not allowed to return.
The only breed of horse in Iceland, they are also popular internationally, and sizable populations exist in Europe and North America.
The breed is still used for traditional sheepherding work in its native country, as well as for leisure, showing, and racing.
Developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries, the breed is mentioned in literature and historical records throughout Icelandic history; the first reference to a named horse appears in the 12th century.
The first breed society for the Icelandic horse was created in Iceland in 1904, and today the breed is represented by organizations in 19 different nations, organized under a parent association, the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations.
Icelandic horses weigh between and stand an average of high, which is often considered pony size, but breeders and breed registries always refer to Icelandics as horses.
Several theories have been put forward as to why Icelandics are always called horses, among them the breed's spirited temperament and large personality.
Another theory suggests that the breed's weight, bone structure and weight-carrying abilities mean it can be classified as a horse, rather than a pony.
The neck is short, muscular, and broad at the base; the withers broad and low; the chest deep; the shoulders muscular and slightly sloping; the back long; the croup broad, muscular, short and slightly sloping.
Some focus on animals for pack and draft work, which are conformationally distinct from those bred for work under saddle, which are carefully selected for their ability to perform the traditional Icelandic gaits.
Members of the breed are not usually ridden until they are four years old, and structural development is not complete until age seven.
An Icelandic mare that lived in Denmark reached a record age of 56, while another horse, living in Great Britain, reached the age of 42.
The horses are highly fertile, and both sexes are fit for breeding up to age 25; mares have been recorded giving birth at age 27.
The horses tend to not be easily spooked, probably the result of not having any natural predators in their native Iceland.
As a result of their isolation from other horses, disease in the breed within Iceland is mostly unknown, except for some kinds of internal parasites.
The low prevalence of disease in Iceland is maintained by laws preventing horses exported from the country being returned, and by requiring that all equine equipment taken into the country be either new and unused or fully disinfected.
As a result, native horses have no acquired immunity to disease; an outbreak on the island would be likely to be devastating to the breed.
This presents problems with showing native Icelandic horses against others of the breed from outside the country, as no livestock of any species can be imported into Iceland, and once horses leave the country they are not allowed to return.
As well as the typical gaits of walk, trot, and canter/gallop, the breed is noted for its ability to perform two additional gaits.
There is considerable variation in style within the gait, and thus the tölt is variously compared to similar lateral gaits such as the rack of the Saddlebred, the largo of the Paso Fino, or the running walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse.
Like all lateral ambling gaits, the footfall pattern is the same as the walk (left hind, left front, right hind, right front), but differs from the walk in that it can be performed at a range of speeds, from the speed of a typical fast walk up to the speed of a normal canter.
Some Icelandic horses prefer to tölt, while others prefer to trot; correct training can improve weak gaits, but the tölt is a natural gait present from birth.
Not all Icelandic horses can perform this gait; animals that perform both the tölt and the flying pace in addition to the traditional gaits are considered the best of the breed.
The flying pace is a two-beat lateral gait with a moment of suspension between footfalls; each side has both feet land almost simultaneously (left hind and left front, suspension, right hind and right front).
The Norse settlers were followed by immigrants from Norse colonies in Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Western Isles of Scotland.
These later settlers arrived with the ancestors of what would elsewhere become Shetland, Highland, and Connemara ponies, which were crossed with the previously imported animals.
There may also have been a connection with the Yakut pony, and the breed has physical similarities to the Nordlandshest of Norway.
Mongolian horses are believed to have been originally imported from Russia by Swedish traders; this imported Mongol stock subsequently contributed to the Fjord, Exmoor, Scottish Highland, Shetland and Connemara breeds, all of which have been found to be genetically linked to the Icelandic horse.
About 900 years ago, attempts were made to introduce eastern blood into the Icelandic, resulting in a degeneration of the stock.
The earliest Norse people venerated the horse as a symbol of fertility, and white horses were slaughtered at sacrificial feasts and ceremonies.
Horses played a significant part in Norse mythology, and several horses played major roles in the Norse myths, among them the eight-footed pacer named Sleipnir, owned by Odin, chief of the Norse gods.
According to the book, a chieftain named Seal-Thorir founded a settlement at the place where Skalm stopped and lay down with her pack.
This early literature has an influence today, with many riding clubs and horse herds in modern Iceland still bearing the .
Icelanders also arranged for bloody fights between stallions; these were used for entertainment and to pick the best animals for breeding, and they were described in both literature and official records from the Commonwealth period of 930 to 1262 AD.
The conflicts at the horse fights gave rivals a chance to improve their political and social standing at the expense of their enemies and had wide social and political repercussions, sometimes leading to the restructuring of political alliances.
However, not all human fights were serious, and the events provided a stage for friends and even enemies to battle without the possibility of major consequences.
Natural selection played a major role in the development of the breed, as large numbers of horses died from lack of food and exposure to the elements.
Between 874 and 1300 AD, during the more favorable climatic conditions of the medieval warm period, Icelandic breeders selectively bred horses according to special rules of color and conformation.
From 1300 to 1900, selective breeding became less of a priority; the climate was often severe and many horses and people died.
Between 1783 and 1784, around 70% of the horses in Iceland were killed by volcanic ash poisoning and starvation after the 1783 eruption of Lakagígar.
The eruption lasted eight months, covered hundreds of square miles of land with lava, and rerouted or dried up several rivers.
The population slowly recovered during the next hundred years, and from the beginning of the 20th century selective breeding again became important.
Icelandics were exported to Great Britain before the 20th century to work as pit ponies in the coal mines, because of their strength and small size.
Since 1969, multiple societies have worked together to preserve, improve and market these horses under the auspices of the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations.
Today, the Icelandic remains a breed known for its purity of bloodline, and is the only horse breed present in Iceland.
Icelandic horses still play a large part in Icelandic life, despite increasing mechanization and road improvements that diminish the necessity for the breed's use.
The first official Icelandic horse race was held at Akureyri in 1874, and many races are still held throughout the country from April through June.
The Agricultural Society of Iceland, along with the National Association of Riding Clubs, now organizes regular shows with a wide variety of classes.
Farmers still use the breed to round up sheep in the Icelandic highlands, but most horses are used for competition and leisure riding.
Today, the Icelandic horse is represented by associations in 19 countries, with the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations (FEIF) serving as a governing international parent organization.
The FEIF was founded on May 25, 1969, with six countries as original members: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
Later, Finland, Canada, Great Britain, USA, Faroe Islands, Luxembourg, Italy, Slovenia and Ireland became members, but Ireland subsequently left because of a lack of members.
The registry is a web database program that is used as a studbook to track the history and bloodlines of the Icelandic breed.
The registry contains information on the pedigree, breeder, owner, offspring, photo, breeding evaluations and assessments, and unique identification of each horse registered.
The Islandpferde-Reiter- und Züchterverband is an organization of German riders and breeders of Icelandic horses and the association of all Icelandic horse clubs in Germany.
It has bluish-black to jet black upper parts and white underparts, and a broad, bright yellow eyebrow-stripe which extends over the eye to form a short, erect crest.
Previous records of small breeding populations have also been reported from Campbell Island and the Auckland Islands; in the 1940s a breeding pair was documented on the Otago Peninsula on the New Zealand mainland.
Individuals have been found as far away as the Falkland Islands and it is also a vagrant to Argentina, Antarctica and Australia.
Population estimates from the late 1970s put the total numbers of Erect-crested penguins breeding on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands at 230,000 breeding pairs although the accuracy of these figures have recently been questioned.
Nevertheless there is ample evidence for substantial population declines in the second half of the 20th century although these declines seem to have slowed in recent decades .
The current population is estimated at 150,000 mature individuals and is being listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List; the erect-crested penguin is listed as endangered and granted protection under the U.S.
He was born in France, the eldest son of Charles Gerard, Baron Brandon (later 1st Earl of Macclesfield), and Jeanne, the daughter of Pierre de Civelle, equerry to Queen Henrietta Maria.
That year he entered politics, being elected knight of the shire for Lancashire in both March and October, and again in 1681.
In 1685 he was sentenced to death for being a party to the Rye House Plot, but was pardoned by Charles II.
In 1689 he was re-elected Member of Parliament for Lancashire, which he represented till 1694, when he succeeded to his father's peerage.
Having become a major-general in 1694, Macclesfield saw some service abroad, and in 1701 he was selected first commissioner for the investiture of the elector of Hanover (afterwards King George I) with the order of the Garter, on which occasion he also was charged to present a copy of the Act of Settlement to the dowager electress Sophia.
In March 1698, Macclesfield was divorced from his wife Anna, daughter of Sir Richard Mason of Sutton, by Act of Parliament; the first occasion on which a divorce was so granted without a previous decree of an ecclesiastical court.
The countess was the mother of two children who were known by the name of Savage, and whose reputed father was Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers.
The 2nd earl of Macclesfield was succeeded by his brother Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl (c. 1665–1702), on whose death without heirs the title became extinct in December 1702.
James Douglas, 4th Duke of Hamilton also had a claim on the estate through his second wife Elizabeth Gerard, who was also a granddaughter the 1st Earl.
It seems that Macclesfield preferred Mohun, a former captain of horse in his regiment, over Hamilton whom he disliked because of his Tory sympathies.
After over a decade of legal dispute the pair fought their famous duel in Hyde Park, which resulted in the deaths of both men.
This he treated synthetically, to the total exclusion of analysis, which he hated, and he is said to have considered it a disgrace to synthetic geometry if equal or higher results were obtained by analytical geometry methods.
His investigations are distinguished by their great generality, by the fertility of his resources, and by the rigour in his proofs.
He next gives by aid of these projective rows and pencils a new generation of conics and ruled quadric surfaces, which leads quicker and more directly than former methods into the inner nature of conics and reveals to us the organic connection of their innumerable properties and mysteries.
In this work also, of which only one volume appeared instead of the projected five, we see for the first time the principle of duality introduced from the very beginning as an immediate outflow of the most fundamental properties of the plane, the line and the point.
Other geometric results by Steiner include development of a formula for the partitioning of space by planes (the maximal number of parts created by n planes), several theorems about the famous Steiner's chain of tangential circles, and a proof of the isoperimetric theorem (later a flaw was found in the proof, but was corrected by Weierstrass).
This contains only results, and there is no indication of the method by which they were obtained, so that, according to L. O. Hosse, they are, like Fermat's theorems, riddles to the present and future generations.
Eminent analysts succeeded in proving some of the theorems, but it was reserved to Luigi Cremona to prove them all, and that by a uniform synthetic method, in his book on algebraic curves.
Starting from simple elementary propositions, Steiner advances to the solution of problems which analytically require the calculus of variations, but which at the time altogether surpassed the powers of that calculus.
His oldest papers and manuscripts (1823-1826) were published by his admirer Fritz Bützberger on the request of the Bernese Society for Natural Scientists.
The eldest son of Sir Charles Gerard, he was a member of an old Lancashire family, his great-grandfather having been Sir Gilbert Gerard (died 1593) of Ince, in that county, one of the most distinguished judges in the reign of Elizabeth I.
At the Battle of Edgehill, Gerard commanded a brigade of Royalist foot guards, the steadiness of which largely contributed to avert absolute defeat.
He fought with distinction in the First Battle of Newbury (20 September 1643), and took part in the relief of Newark (March 1644), when he was again wounded, thrown from his horse, and taken prisoner, but released on parole shortly before the besiegers capitulated.
Shortly afterwards Gerard was appointed in succession to the Earl of Carbery in the general command in South Wales, then strongly held by Parliamentary forces, and by 19 May 1644 had succeeded in collecting a force of two thousand five hundred horse and foot with which to begin operations.
He rapidly reduced Cardigan, Newcastle Emlyn, Laugharne, and Roch castles, and seems to have experienced no check until he was already threatening Pembroke about the middle of July, when the garrison of that place by a sortie routed a portion of his force and obtained supplies.
In September Gerard received orders to join Prince Rupert at Bristol, and in October he began his retreat, marching by Usk and Abergavenny, and thus evading General Edward Massey he reached Bristol towards the end of the month.
November he spent in Oxford or the neighbourhood, whence in December he transferred his headquarters to Worcester, where he remained until 11 March 1645, when he marched to Cheshire to co-operate with Rupert, Maurice, and Sir Marmaduke Langdale against General Sir William Brereton.
He marched through Wales from Chester in a south-westerly direction, carrying all before him and ravaging the country as he went.
After a brush with Sir John Price at Llanidloes, he fell in with Laugharne before Newcastle Emlyn on 16 May, and completely defeated him.
The ascendency of the royalists being thus re-established in South Wales, Gerard received orders to move eastward again, and was marching on Hereford at the head of five thousand horse and foot when the Battle of Naseby was fought (14 June 1645).
After the battle King Charles and Rupert, with the fragments of their army, fell back upon Hereford in the hope of effecting a junction with Gerard, who, however, seems to have been unexpectedly delayed; and Rupert, pushing on to Bristol, sent orders that part of Gerard's forces should join him there, while the King required a portion of the cavalry to attend his person.
On the night of 4 August 1645 he escorted Charles from Cardiff to Brecknock, and thence to Ludlow, and throughout his progress to Oxford (28 August).
At Hereford on 14 September Charles heard of the fall of Bristol, and determined if possible to join Montrose in the north.
Escorted by Gerard, he made for Chester, and succeeded in entering the city, having first detached Gerard to the assistance of Sir Marmaduke Langdale, who was endeavouring to muster the royalists in force outside the city, with the view of raising the siege.
After much apparently purposeless marching and counter-marching the royalists risked an engagement with the besiegers on Rowton Heath (23 September 1645), but were totally defeated by General Sydnam Poyntz.
The King then evacuated Chester and retired to Newark, where he arrived with Gerard on 4 October, and fixed his headquarters for the winter.
Gerard was dismissed from the King's service before the end of the month for taking part with Rupert and some other Cavaliers in a disorderly protest against the supersession of Sir Richard Willis, the governor of the place.
They established themselves at Worton House, some fourteen miles from Newark-on-Trent, and made overtures to Parliament with the view of obtaining passes out of the country.
They were ordered to the neighbourhood of Worcester by Parliament, and there remained during the winter, but early in the following year (1646) returned to their allegiance and the King at Oxford.
There Gerard raised another troop of horse, with which he scoured the adjoining country, penetrating on one occasion as far as the neighbourhood of Derby, where he was routed in a skirmish.
At one time he seems to have been in command of Wallingford Castle, but when the lines of investment began to be drawn more closely round Oxford he withdrew within the city walls, where he seems to have remained until the surrender of the city on 24 June 1646).
He was appointed vice-admiral of the fleet in November 1648, and on 8 December passed through Rotterdam on his way to Helvoetsluys to enter on his new duties.
He remained there through part of 1654, was present at the siege of Arras, serving under Marshal Turenne as a volunteer in August of that year, and then returned to Paris, where he divided his energies between quarrelling with Hyde, intriguing on behalf of Queen Henrietta Maria, and instigating his cousin, John Gerard, to assassinate the Protector.
The plot (Gerard's conspiracy), to which the King appears to have been privy (Gerard had presented his cousin to the King early in 1654), was discovered, and John Gerard was beheaded on Tower Hill.
A letter from one F. Coniers to the King, dated London, 11 January 1655, accuses Gerard of having treated with Thurloe for the poisoning of Cromwell.
In this work he seems to have been much aided by the postal authorities, who, according to one of Thurloe's correspondents, allowed him to intercept whatever letters he pleased.
In February 1657 he was at the Hague, corresponding under the name of Thomas Enwood with one Dermot, a merchant at the sign of the Drum, Drury Lane.
The only fragment of this correspondence which remains is unintelligible, being couched in mercantile phraseology, which gives no clue to its real meaning.
From the Hague Gerard went to Brussels, where in April he received instructions to raise a troop of horse guards at once and a promise of an allowance of four hundred guilders a day for his family.
He was almost immediately despatched to Amsterdam, apparently for the purpose of chartering ships, and he spent the rest of that year and the first six months of the next partly in the Low Countries and partly at Boulogne, returning to Paris between August and September 1659.
There he appears to have spent the latter part of the year, joining Secretary Nicholas at Brussels in the following January.
From Brussels in the spring of 1660 Gerard went to Breda (where the King held his court), and in May returned with the King to England.
His title, however, was disputed by the late ranger, James Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, and he was soon involved in litigation with Captains Thomas and Henry Batt, keepers of Potter's Walk and bailiffs of the Chase, whose patents he refused to recognise.
As against the Batts, Gerard succeeded on the technical ground that their patent was under the great seal, whereas by statute it should have been under that of the duchy of Lancaster.
Towards the end of the year he was sent as envoy extraordinary to the French court, where he was very splendidly received.
About this time he became a member of the Royal African Company, which obtained in January 1663 a grant by letters patent of the region between Port Sallee and the Cape of Good Hope for the term of one thousand years.
Litigation in which he was this year engaged with his cousin, Alexander Fitton, afterwards Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was watched with much interest by his enemies.
The dispute was about the title to the Gawsworth estate in Cheshire, of which Fitton was in possession, but which Gerard claimed.
The title depended on the authenticity of a certain deed which Gerard alleged to be a forgery, producing the notorious forger Alexander Granger, who swore that he himself had forged it.
In March 1665 Gerard was granted a pension of £1,000 per annum to retire from the post of captain of the guard, which Charles desired to confer on the Duke of Monmouth.
Pepys also states that it was his practice to conceal the deaths of the troopers that he might draw their pay; and one of his clerks named Carr drew up a petition to the House of Lords charging him with peculation to the extent of £2,000 per annum.
Carr was sentenced to pay a fine of £1,000, to stand in the pillory for three hours on each of three different days, and to be imprisoned in the Fleet during the king's pleasure.
On 5 January 1667 Gerard had been appointed to the general command of the Hampshire and Isle of Wight militia, with special instructions to provide for the security of the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth in view of the threatening attitude of the Dutch.
He continued to hold the post of Gentleman of the Bedchamber, with a pension of £1,000 attached to it, during the reign of Charles II.
In 1684 the question of the Gawsworth title was revived (partly no doubt as a political move) by an application on the part of Fitton to the lord keeper, Francis, Lord Guilford, to review the case.
During the progress of the Prince of Orange from Torbay to London, Gerard commanded his body-guard, a troop of some two hundred cavaliers, mostly English, mounted on Flemish chargers, whose splendid appearance excited much admiration.
In February 1689 he was sworn of the Privy Council, and appointed lord president of the council of the Welsh Marches, and lord-lieutenant of Gloucester, Hereford, Monmouth, and North and South Wales.
In July 1690 he was one of a commission appointed to inquire into the conduct of the fleet during a recent engagement with the French off Beachy Head, which had not terminated so successfully as had been anticipated.
He died on 7 January 1694 suddenly in a fit of vomiting, and was buried on the 18th in Exeter vault in Westminster Abbey.
Elrington Ball, in his study of his cousin and enemy Alexander Fitton, while accepting that Fitton was not a suitable character to be Lord Chancellor of Ireland, remarked that however bad Fitton's character it cannot have been as bad as Gerard's.
Little is known of her except that in 1663 she was dismissed by Charles II from attendance on the queen for tattling to her about Lady Castlemaine, and that on one occasion while being carried in her chair through the city she was mistaken for the Duchess of Portsmouth, saluted as the French whore, and mobbed by the populace.
The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is the United States Customs and Border Protection's federal law enforcement arm within the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
The USBP is the armed and uniformed federal police that secure the borders of the United States by detecting and preventing illegal aliens, terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States, and prevent illegal trafficking of people and contraband.
Mounted watchmen of the United States Department of Commerce and Labor patrolled the border in an effort to prevent illegal crossings as early as 1904, but their efforts were irregular and undertaken only when resources permitted.
Though they never totaled more than 75, they patrolled as far west as California trying to restrict the flow of illegal Chinese immigration.
Although these inspectors had broader arrest authority, they still largely pursued Chinese aliens trying to avoid the National Origins Act and Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
Two days later, the Labor Appropriation Act of 1924 established the Border Patrol as an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor assigned to prevent illegal entries—primarily along the Mexico–United States border, as well as the Canada–U.S.
Operations were established along the Gulf Coast in 1927 to ensure that foreign crewmen departed on the same ship on which they arrived.
The Canadian border operations from Detroit employed more men than the El Paso operations along the Mexican border because of a focus on the prevention of liquor smuggling during prohibition.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Executive Order 6166 formed the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in 1933 by consolidation of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization.
Following the outbreak of World War II in Europe, Border Patrol staffing doubled to 1,500 in 1940, and the INS was moved from the Department of Labor to the U.S. Department of Justice.
Additional stations were temporarily added along the Gulf Coast, Florida and the Eastern Seaboard during the 1960s after Fidel Castro triumphed in the Cuban Revolution and that was followed by the Cuban Missile Crisis.
INS was decommissioned in March 2003 when its operations were divided between CBP, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
In the wake of the attacks of September 11, the Border Patrol was placed under the umbrella of the Department of Homeland Security, and preventing terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States was added to its mission.
The Border Patrol's traditional mission continued: deterring, detecting and apprehending illegal aliens and individuals involved in the illegal drug trade who generally entered the United States at places other than through designated ports of entry.
In 1986, the Immigration Reform and Control Act placed renewed emphasis on controlling illegal immigration by going after the employers that hire illegal aliens.
By 1993, Californians passed Proposition 187, denying benefits to illegal aliens and criminalizing illegal aliens in possession of forged green cards, identification cards, and Social Security numbers.
It also authorized police officers to question non-nationals as to their immigration status and required police and sheriff departments to cooperate and report illegal aliens to the INS.
United States Border Patrol Interior Checkpoints are inspection stations operated by the USBP within of an international border (with Mexico or Canada) or any U.S. coastline, or in the Florida Keys.
In this program, Border Patrol agents would no longer react to illegal entries resulting in apprehensions, but would instead be forward deployed to the border, immediately detecting any attempted entries or deterring crossing at a more remote location.
The idea was that it would be easier to capture illegal entrants in the wide open deserts than through the urban alleyways.
The program significantly reduced illegal entries in the urban part of El Paso, however, the operation merely shifted the illegal entries to other areas.
Congressman Duncan Hunter became a major proponent of border fencing in the San Diego sector; surplus military landing mats were obtained to use as an initial border fence.
Eventually the primitive landing mat fence was replaced with a modern triple fence line that begins over one hundred yards into the Pacific Ocean at Imperial Beach, CA and ends more than 13 miles (19 km) inland on Otay Mesa where the mountains begin.
Through agency whistleblowers, Agent Mark Hall and Agent Robert Lindemann, it was revealed that in 2001, the Border Patrol had approximately 324 agents assigned along the Canada–United States border.
Northern border staffing had been increased by 1,128 agents to 1,470 agents by the end of fiscal year 2008, and is projected to expand to 1,845 by the end of fiscal year 2009, a sixfold increase.
Resources that support Border Patrol agents include the use of new technology and a more focused application of air and marine assets.
The northern border sectors are (west to east): Blaine (Washington), Spokane (Washington), Havre (Montana), Grand Forks (North Dakota), Detroit (Selfridge ANGB, Michigan), Buffalo (New York), Swanton (Vermont), and Houlton (Maine).
The Border Patrol utilizes a variety of equipment and methods, such as electronic sensors placed at strategic locations along the border, to detect people or vehicles entering the country illegally.
Line Watch involves the detection, prevention, and apprehension of terrorists, illegal aliens and smugglers of aliens at or near the land border by maintaining surveillance from a covert position; following up on leads; responding to electronic sensor, television systems and aircraft sightings; and interpreting and following tracks, marks, and other physical evidence.
Traffic checks are conducted on major highways leading away from the border to detect and apprehend illegal aliens attempting to travel further into the interior of the United States after evading detection at the border, and to detect illegal narcotics.
Marine Patrols are conducted along the coastal waterways of the United States, primarily along the Pacific coast, the Caribbean, the tip of Florida, and Puerto Rico and interior waterways common to the United States and Canada.
The Border Patrol maintains watercraft ranging from blue-water craft to inflatable-hull craft, in 16 sectors, in addition to headquarters special operations components.
In October 2007, environmental groups and concerned citizens filed a restraining order hoping to halt the construction of the fence, set to be built between the United States and Mexico.
DHS secretary Michael Chertoff has bypassed environmental and other oppositions with a waiver that was granted to him by Congress in Section 102 of the act, which allows DHS to avoid any conflicts that would prevent a speedy assembly of the fence.
Environment and wildlife groups fear that the plans to clear brush, construct fences, install bright lights, motion sensors, and cameras will scare wildlife and endanger the indigenous species of the area.
Environmentalists claim that the ecosystem could be affected because a border fence would restrict movement of all animal species, which in turn would keep them from water and food sources on one side or another.
Desert plants would also feel the impact, as they would be uprooted in many areas where the fence is set to occupy.
He suggested that the Rio Grande be widened and deepened to provide for a natural barrier to hinder illegal aliens and drug smugglers.
In 2007, the U.S. Border Patrol created the Special Operations Group (SOG) headquartered in El Paso, Texas, to coordinate the special operations units of the agency.
Marine Patrol – In the riverine environments of the northern and southwestern borders of the continental United States, the Border Patrol conducts border control activities from the decks of marine craft of various sizes.
Since 2006, the U.S. Border Patrol has relinquished its littoral law enforcement missions in the Great Lakes and territorial seas to the Office of Air and Marine.
The U.S. Border Patrol maintains over 130 vessels, ranging from blue-water craft to inflatable-hull craft, in 16 sectors, in addition to Headquarters special operations components.
K9 Units, Mounted Patrol, Bike patrol, Sign-cutting (tracking), Snowmobile unit, Infrared scope unit, Intelligence, Anti-smuggling Investigations Unit (ASU/DISRUPT, Border Criminal Alien Program, Multi-agency Anti-Gang Task Forces (regional & local units), Honor Guard, Pipes and Drums, Chaplain, Peer Support, Mobile Surveillance Unit.
The strategy included increased enforcement and extensive fencing near border cities, with the twofold purpose of deflecting aliens to remote areas where they could more easily be detected and apprehended, as well as using the formidable mountains, deserts, and Rio Grande as a deterrent to easy passage.
The newly erected Mexico–United States barrier—which at some remote locations is no more than a fence—has also forced aliens and human traffickers to seek out remote desert locations in California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas where they may attempt crossing.
As early as 1998, the former Immigration and Naturalization Service implemented the Border Safety Initiative in response to concerns about the number of aliens injured or killed while attempting to cross the border.
That same year, Border Patrol, Search, Trauma and Rescue (BORSTAR), a specialized unit trained in emergency search and rescue, was established with the purpose of assisting injured or stranded aliens at remote locations.
The beacons are solar powered and highly visible, and have a button which alerts Border Patrol agents by radio signal, after which a helicopter or ground unit is dispatched.
During a 12-month period in 2011–12, Border Patrol agents made 1,312 rescues along the Mexico-United States border, nearly half occurring in the Tucson Sector.
All Border Patrol agents spend a minimum of 26 weeks at the Border Patrol Academy in Artesia, New Mexico, which is a component of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).
Border Patrol Agent Trainees are instructed in courses including; Spanish, criminal law, nationality law, and administrative immigration law, police sciences, self-defense and arrest techniques, firearms training with pistol, shotgun and rifle, police vehicle driving, and other Border Patrol / federal law enforcement subjects.
Once they arrive back at their duty station, Trainees then must graduate from the Field Training Officer (FTO) program, an on-the-job training program, which varies in length from a minimum of 12 weeks to a maximum of over 16 weeks long, depending on the practical demands of the duty station and local management.
They must also successfully complete the Post Academy Training Program, an extension of the Border Patrol Academy where Trainees complete additional classroom-based training over the course of their first nine months back at their duty station.
The Border Patrol uniform is getting its first makeover since the 1950s to appear more like military fatigues and less like a police officer's duty garb.
Leather belts with brass buckles are being replaced by nylon belts with quick-release plastic buckles, slacks are being replaced by lightweight cargo pants, and shiny badges and nameplates are being replaced by cloth patches.
This Award is bestowed to Border Patrol Agents for extraordinary actions, service; accomplishments reflecting unusual courage or bravery in the line of duty; or an extraordinarily heroic or humane act committed during times of extreme stress or in an emergency.
This award is named for Border Patrol Inspectors Theodore Newton and George Azrak, who were murdered by two drug smugglers in San Diego County in 1967.
Up until 1994 the Border Patrol issued its Patrol Agents a .357 Magnum revolver as their duty sidearm, a Smith & Wesson or Ruger model large frame, six shot revolver.
Although up until 1994 Patrol Agents could purchase a weapon from the agency list of approved authorized personal weapons for duty carry.
This list included the Glock Models 17 and 19 pistols in 9mm, the SIG Sauer P220 pistol in .45 ACP caliber, the Colt Python .357 Magnum revolver, and the Smith & Wesson Model 19/66 .357 Magnum revolver.
The Border Patrol adopted the Beretta Model 96D, a .40 S&W caliber semi-automatic pistol (modified for Double-Action Only) (with 11-round capacity magazines) as its duty issue sidearm in 1995.
The H&K Model USP Compact pistol, H&K Model P2000SK (sub-compact) and Beretta M96D .40 S&W caliber pistols are authorized as secondary sidearms.
On April 9, 2019, CBP announced that the U.S. Border Patrol would transition from the .40 caliber H&K P2000 to an unnamed 9-millimeter Glock pistol, by the end of fiscal year 2021.
It has since been revealed that the three Glock handguns that would be issued to CBP officers and agents would be the model G26, model G19, and the specifically manufactured for CBP model G47.
Border Patrol agents also commonly carry the .223 caliber Colt M4 Carbine (Specifically the updated M4A1) and the H&K UMP .40 caliber submachine gun.
The .308 caliber M14 rifle is used for ceremonial purposes and by agents who are qualified with the rifle and BORTAC.
The plastic pellet balls burst on impact spraying the suspect with OC Pepper dust and also act as an impact projectile.
Unlike in many other law enforcement agencies in the United States, the Border Patrol operates over 10,000 SUVs and pickup trucks, which are known for their capabilities to move around in any sort of terrain.
These vehicles may have individual revolving lights (strobes or LEDs) and/or light bars and sirens and/or have their bumpers removed or have off-road suspension and tires.
An extensive modernization drive has ensured that these vehicles are equipped with wireless sets in communication with a central control room.
All CBP vessel operations within the Customs Waters and on the high seas are conducted by Marine Interdiction Agents of the Office of Air and Marine.
Color schemes of Border Patrol vehicles are either a long green stripe running the length of the vehicle (older vehicles) or a broad green diagonal stripe (newer vehicles) on the door.
In Arizona, these animals are fed special processed feed pellets so that their wastes do not spread non-native plants in the national parks and wildlife areas they patrol.
Since 1904, the Border Patrol has lost 123 officers in the line of duty, more than any other federal law enforcement agency during that time period.
Agents stationed at Ajo, Arizona said that the Mexican soldiers crossed the border into an isolated area southwest of Tucson and pointed rifles at the agent, who has not been identified.
On March 14, 2000, 16 Mexican soldiers in two humvees chased a Border Patrol agent near Santa Teresa, New Mexico, while another agent came under gunfire.
Testifying in front of the United States Senate, Border Patrol Chief Mark Morgan said that the Border Patrol is the one of the most assaulted law enforcement agencies; since 2006, over seven thousand agents of the Border Patrol were attacked.
Intelligence gathering has discovered bounties being placed on Patrol Agents to be paid by criminal smuggling organizations upon the confirmed murder or kidnapping of a U.S. Border Patrol Agent.
In 2009 Border Patrol Agent Rosas was murdered in an ambush while on patrol; a bounty may have been paid to the assassins.
In February 2005, Border Patrol Agents Ignacio Ramos and Jose Compean were involved in an incident while pursuing a van in Fabens, Texas.
Davila escaped back into Mexico, and the agents discovered that the van contained a million dollars worth of marijuana (about 750 pounds).
None of the agents at the scene orally reported the shooting, including two supervisors: Robert Arnold, first-line Supervisor and Jonathan Richards, a higher ranking Field Operations Supervisor.
Ramos was convicted of causing serious bodily injury, assault with a deadly weapon, discharge of a firearm in relation to a crime of violence, and a civil rights violation.
Compeán was found guilty on 11 counts, including discharging a firearm during the commission of a violent crime, which by itself carries a federally mandated 10-year minimum sentence.
Jonathan Richards was promoted to the Patrol Agent in Charge of the Santa Teresa, New Mexico Border Patrol Station soon after the incident.
On January 19, 2009, President Bush commuted the sentences of both Ramos and Compean, effectively ending their prison term on March 20, 2009, and they were released on February 17, 2009.
The case generated widely differing opinion among various commentators and advocacy groups: civil libertarians asserted the agents used illegal and excessive force, while advocates of tighter border control defended the agents actions.
Sergio Adrian Hernandez was a teenager who was shot once and killed on June 7, 2010 by Border Patrol agents under a bridge crossing between El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mexico.
They also claimed that Hernandez was trying to cross the U.S. border and that he had already tried to do so in the past.
On June 12, 2010 the television network Univision aired cellphone video footage of the incident, after which Mexican legislators called for the extradition of the officer accused of the shooting.
Although the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) investigation concluded on November 6, 2015 that Hernández Rojas died of a heart attack, an offer of a million-dollar settlement was made to his family.
As the Washington Office on Latin America's Border Fact Check site points out, a similar incident occurred in October 2012 when 16-year-old Jose Antonio Elena Rodriguez was killed in downtown Nogales, Mexico when a Border Patrol Agent, Lonnie Swartz, opened fire at a group of people allegedly throwing rocks at him; Rodriguez was shot seven times in the back.
On November 25, 2013, the San Diego Tribune reported that 100 aliens who tried to cross the border illegally near the San Ysidro port were pepper-sprayed and tear-gassed after throwing bottles and rocks at border patrol agents.
At some Greyhound Bus Stations and along certain routes, agents from DHS, ICE, and United States Border Patrol have been known to stop and interrogate passengers.
The NBPC's executive committee is staffed by current and retired Border Patrol agents and, along with its constituent locals, employs a staff of a dozen attorneys and field representatives.
The foundation recognizes community leaders who have supported the families of fallen agents, and supports programs to improve awareness of the risks faced by agents.
Palestine is a non-fiction graphic novel written and drawn by Joe Sacco about his experiences in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in December 1991 and January 1992.
The book takes place over a two-month period in late 1991 / early 1992, with occasional flashbacks to the expulsion of the Arabs, the beginning of the Intifada, the Gulf War and other events in the more immediate past.
Sacco spent this time meeting with Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the narrative focuses on the minute details of everyday life in these area.
Though his goal is to document events and interview Palestinians he is affected by the reality of the occupied territories and cannot help but participate in, and comment on, demonstrations, funerals, roadblocks and encounters with soldiers.
Towards the end he becomes even more active as he shares food and lodgings with the Palestinians he interviews and even breaks curfew with them while in the Gaza Strip.
Towards the end of the book, when challenged by an Israeli that he hasn't experienced their point of view, he responds that the Israeli point of view is what he has internalized his whole life, and although another trip would be necessary to fully experience Israel, that was not why he was there.
At the age of one, he moved with his family to Melbourne, Australia, where he spent his childhood until 1972, when they moved to Los Angeles.
While journalism was his primary focus, this was also the period of time in which he developed his penchant for humor and satire.
It was serialized as a comic book from 1993 to 1995 and then published in several collections, the first of which won an American Book Award in 1996 and sold more than 30,000 copies in the UK.
George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, PRS (c. 1695 or 1697 – 17 March 1764) was an English peer and astronomer.
Styled Viscount Parker from 1721 to 1732, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Wallingford from 1722 to 1727, but his interests were not in politics.
In 1722 he became a fellow of the Royal Society, and he spent most of his time in astronomical observations at his Oxfordshire seat, Shirburn Castle, which had been bought by his father in 1716; here he built an observatory and a chemical laboratory.
His action in this matter, however, was somewhat unpopular, as the opinion was fairly general that he had robbed the people of eleven days.
From 1752 until his death, Macclesfield was president of the Royal Society, and he made some observations on the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
In 1750 Macclesfield was offered the honorary position of vice president of the Foundling Hospital, which he accepted and kept until his death in 1764.
The Earl seems to have taken his position seriously, as he commissioned the artist Benjamin Wilson to paint a full size portrait of him, which he then donated to the Hospital.
Emily Howard Stowe (née Jennings, May 1, 1831 – April 30, 1903) was the first female physician to practise in Canada, the second licensed female physician in Canada and an activist for women's rights and suffrage.
In the tradition of the Society of Friends, Jennings parents encouraged her to obtain an education; they sent her to a co-educational Quaker school in Providence, Rhode Island.
After teaching at local schools for seven years, her public struggle to achieve equality for women began in 1852, when she applied for admission to Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontario.
Refused on the grounds that she was female, she applied to the Normal School for Upper Canada, which Egerton Ryerson had recently founded in Toronto.
Hired as principal of a Brantford, Ontario public school, she was the first woman to be a principal of a public school in Upper Canada.
Shortly after the birth of their third child, her husband developed tuberculosis, which led her to take a renewed interest in medicine.
Having had experience with herbal remedies and homeopathic medicine since the 1840s, Emily Stowe left teaching and decided to become a doctor.
Unable to study medicine in Canada, Emily Stowe earned her degree in the United States from the homeopathic New York Medical College for Women in 1867.
In 1870, the president of the Toronto School of Medicine granted special permission to Stowe and fellow student Jennie Kidd Trout to attend classes, a requirement for medical practitioners with foreign licences.
Faced with hostility from both the male faculty and students, Stowe refused to take the oral and written exams and left the school.
The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario granted Stowe a licence to practise medicine on July 16, 1880, based on her experience with homeopathic medicine since 1850.
While studying medicine in New York, Stowe met with Susan B. Anthony and witnessed the divisions within the American women's suffrage movement.
The Literary Club campaigned for improved working conditions for women and pressured schools in Toronto to accept women into higher education.
When the Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association was founded in 1889, Stowe became its first president and remained president until her death.
In an episode that may demonstrate the dominance of the latter, Stowe broke the bond of doctor-patient confidentiality by disclosing the abortion request of a patient, Sara Ann Lovell, a domestic servant, to her employer.
Stowe, as the Attorney General, used the same arguments that the Canadian Parliament had levelled against female suffragists and denied the petition.
While she counted herself a Quaker until 1879, she became a Unitarian in 1879 and attended the First Unitarian Congregation of Toronto.
Public elementary schools in her hometown of Norwich Township (Emily Stowe Public School) as well as Courtice, Ontario are named after her.
Adult sea otters typically weigh between , making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals.
Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom.
First, its use of rocks to dislodge prey and to open shells makes it one of the few mammal species to use tools.
In most of its range, it is a keystone species, controlling sea urchin populations which would otherwise inflict extensive damage to kelp forest ecosystems.
Its diet includes prey species that are also valued by humans as food, leading to conflicts between sea otters and fisheries.
Sea otters, whose numbers were once estimated at 150,000–300,000, were hunted extensively for their fur between 1741 and 1911, and the world population fell to 1,000–2,000 individuals living in a fraction of their historic range.
A subsequent international ban on hunting, sea otter conservation efforts, and reintroduction programs into previously populated areas have contributed to numbers rebounding, and the species occupies about two-thirds of its former range.
The recovery of the sea otter is considered an important success in marine conservation, although populations in the Aleutian Islands and California have recently declined or have plateaued at depressed levels.
The sea otter is the heaviest (the giant otter is longer, but significantly slimmer) member of the family Mustelidae, a diverse group that includes the 13 otter species and terrestrial animals such as weasels, badgers, and minks.
It is unique among the mustelids in not making or burrows, in having no functional anal scent glands, and in being able to live its entire life without leaving the water.
Genetic analysis indicates the sea otter and its closest extant relatives, which include the African speckle-throated otter, European otter, African clawless otter and oriental small-clawed otter, shared an ancestor approximately 5 million years ago.
The modern sea otter evolved initially in northern Hokkaidō and Russia, and then spread east to the Aleutian Islands, mainland Alaska, and down the North American coast.
In comparison to cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds, which entered the water approximately 50, 40, and 20 million years ago, respectively, the sea otter is a relative newcomer to a marine existence.
In some respects, though, the sea otter is more fully adapted to water than pinnipeds, which must haul out on land or ice to give birth.
It is not to be confused with the marine otter, a rare otter species native to the southern west coast of South America.
The Asian sea otter is the largest subspecies and has a slightly wider skull and shorter nasal bones than both other subspecies.
For its size, the male otter's baculum is very large, massive and bent upwards, measuring in length and at the base.
Unlike most other marine mammals, the sea otter has no blubber and relies on its exceptionally thick fur to keep warm.
With up to 150,000 strands of hair per square centimetre (nearly one million per sq in), its fur is the densest of any animal.
As the ability of the guard hairs to repel water depends on utmost cleanliness, the sea otter has the ability to reach and groom the fur on any part of its body, taking advantage of its loose skin and an unusually supple skeleton.
The coloration of the pelage is usually deep brown with silver-gray speckles, but it can range from yellowish or grayish brown to almost black.
The sea otter propels itself underwater by moving the rear end of its body, including its tail and hind feet, up and down, and is capable of speeds of up to 9 km/h (5.6 mph).
When at the surface, it usually floats on its back and moves by sculling its feet and tail from side to side.
At rest, all four limbs can be folded onto the torso to conserve heat, whereas on particularly hot days, the hind feet may be held underwater for cooling.
The sea otter's body is highly buoyant because of its large lung capacity – about 2.5 times greater than that of similar-sized land mammals – and the air trapped in its fur.
Long, highly sensitive whiskers and front paws help the sea otter find prey by touch when waters are dark or murky.
Researchers have noted when they approach in plain view, sea otters react more rapidly when the wind is blowing towards the animals, indicating the sense of smell is more important than sight as a warning sense.
Other observations indicate the sea otter's sense of sight is useful above and below the water, although not as good as that of seals.
Seals and sea otters are the only carnivores with two pairs of lower incisor teeth rather than three; the adult dental formula is .
It must eat an estimated 25 to 38% of its own body weight in food each day to burn the calories necessary to counteract the loss of heat due to the cold water environment.
Its digestive efficiency is estimated at 80 to 85%, and food is digested and passed in as little as three hours.
Most of its need for water is met through food, although, in contrast to most other marine mammals, it also drinks seawater.
It has a period of foraging and eating in the morning, starting about an hour before sunrise, then rests or sleeps in mid-day.
Foraging resumes for a few hours in the afternoon and subsides before sunset, and a third foraging period may occur around midnight.
Observations of the amount of time a sea otter must spend each day foraging range from 24 to 60%, apparently depending on the availability of food in the area.
Sea otters spend much of their time grooming, which consists of cleaning the fur, untangling knots, removing loose fur, rubbing the fur to squeeze out water and introduce air, and blowing air into the fur.
To casual observers, it appears as if the animals are scratching, but they are not known to have lice or other parasites in the fur.
Although it can hold its breath for up to five minutes, its dives typically last about one minute and not more than four.
It is the only marine animal capable of lifting and turning over rocks, which it often does with its front paws when searching for prey.
There, the sea otter eats while floating on its back, using its forepaws to tear food apart and bring it to its mouth.
To eat large sea urchins, which are mostly covered with spines, the sea otter bites through the underside where the spines are shortest, and licks the soft contents out of the urchin's shell.
The sea otter's use of rocks when hunting and feeding makes it one of the few mammal species to use tools.
To pry an abalone off its rock, it hammers the abalone shell using a large stone, with observed rates of 45 blows in 15 seconds.
Releasing an abalone, which can cling to rock with a force equal to 4,000 times its own body weight, requires multiple dives.
A male sea otter is most likely to mate if he maintains a breeding territory in an area that is also favored by females.
Males that do not have territories tend to congregate in large, male-only groups, and swim through female areas when searching for a mate.
Mating takes place in the water and can be rough, the male biting the female on the muzzle – which often leaves scars on the nose – and sometimes holding her head under water.
Gestation appears to vary from four to twelve months, as the species is capable of delayed implantation followed by four months of pregnancy.
Birth usually takes place in the water and typically produces a single pup weighing 1.4 to 2.3 kg (3 to 5 lb).
Mothers have been observed to lick and fluff a newborn for hours; after grooming, the pup's fur retains so much air, the pup floats like a cork and cannot dive.
Nursing lasts six to eight months in Californian populations and four to twelve months in Alaska, with the mother beginning to offer bits of prey at one to two months.
The milk from a sea otter's two abdominal nipples is rich in fat and more similar to the milk of other marine mammals than to that of other mustelids.
A pup, with guidance from its mother, practices swimming and diving for several weeks before it is able to reach the sea floor.
Juveniles are typically independent at six to eight months, but a mother may be forced to abandon a pup if she cannot find enough food for it; at the other extreme, a pup may nurse until it is almost adult size.
Pup mortality is high, particularly during an individual's first winter – by one estimate, only 25% of pups survive their first year.
Much has been written about the level of devotion of sea otter mothers for their pups – a mother gives her infant almost constant attention, cradling it on her chest away from the cold water and attentively grooming its fur.
When foraging, she leaves her pup floating on the water, sometimes wrapped in kelp to keep it from floating away; if the pup is not sleeping, it cries loudly until she returns.
Females become sexually mature at around three or four years of age and males at around five; however, males often do not successfully breed until a few years later.
In the wild, sea otters live to a maximum age of 23 years, with average lifespans of 10–15 years for males and 15–20 years for females.
Several captive individuals have lived past 20 years, and a female at the Seattle Aquarium died at the age of 28 years.
There are several documented cases in which male sea otters have forcibly copulated with juvenile harbor seals, sometimes resulting in death.
Sea otters live in coastal waters 15 to 23 metres (50 to 75 ft) deep, and usually stay within a kilometre (⅔ mi) of the shore.
They are found most often in areas with protection from the most severe ocean winds, such as rocky coastlines, thick kelp forests, and barrier reefs.
Although they are most strongly associated with rocky substrates, sea otters can also live in areas where the sea floor consists primarily of mud, sand, or silt.
The sea otter population is thought to have once been 150,000 to 300,000, stretching in an arc across the North Pacific from northern Japan to the central Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.
The fur trade that began in the 1740s reduced the sea otter's numbers to an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 members in 13 colonies.
Hunting records researched by historian Adele Ogden place the westernmost limit of the hunting grounds off the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido and the easternmost limit off Punta Morro Hermosa about south of Punta Eugenia, Baja California's westernmost headland in Mexico.
In about two-thirds of its former range, the species is at varying levels of recovery, with high population densities in some areas and threatened populations in others.
Sea otters currently have stable populations in parts of the Russian east coast, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and California, with reports of recolonizations in Mexico and Japan.
Before the 19th century, around 20,000 to 25,000 sea otters lived near the Kuril Islands, with more near Kamchatka and the Commander Islands.
By 2004, sea otters had repopulated all of their former habitat in these areas, with an estimated total population of about 27,000.
Of these, about 19,000 are at the Kurils, 2,000 to 3,500 at Kamchatka and another 5,000 to 5,500 at the Commander Islands.
A massive decline in sea otter populations in the Aleutian Islands accounts for most of the change; the cause of this decline is not known, although orca predation is suspected.
The sea otter population in Prince William Sound was also hit hard by the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which killed thousands of sea otters in 1989.
A remnant population survived off Vancouver Island into the 20th century, but it died out despite the 1911 international protection treaty, with the last sea otter taken near Kyuquot in 1929.
This population increased to over 5,600 in 2013 with an estimated annual growth rate of 7.2%, and their range on the island's west coast extended north to Cape Scott and across the Queen Charlotte Strait to the Broughton Archipelago and south to Clayoquot Sound and Tofino.
It is not known if this colony, which numbered about 300 animals in 2004, was founded by transplanted otters or was a remnant population that had gone undetected.
By 2013, this population exceeded 1,100 individuals, was increasing at an estimated 12.6% annual rate, and its range included Aristazabal Island, and Milbanke Sound south to Calvert Island.
In 1969 and 1970, 59 sea otters were translocated from Amchitka Island to Washington, and released near La Push and Point Grenville.
The translocated population is estimated to have declined to between 10 and 43 individuals before increasing, reaching 208 individuals in 1989.
As of 2017, the population was estimated at over 2,000 individuals, and their range extends from Point Grenville in the south to Cape Flattery in the north and east to Pillar Point along the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
Reported sightings of sea otters in the San Juan Islands and Puget Sound almost always turn out to be North American river otters, which are commonly seen along the seashore.
In 1970 and 1971, a total of 95 sea otters were transplanted from Amchitka Island, Alaska to the Southern Oregon coast.
The historic population of California sea otters was estimated at 16,000 before the fur trade decimated the population, leading to their assumed extinction.
Today's population of California sea otters are the descendants of a single colony of about 50 sea otters located near Bixby Creek Bridge in March 1938 by Howard G. Sharpe, owner of the nearby Rainbow Lodge on Bixby Bridge in Big Sur.
Historical records revealed the Russian-American Company sneaked Aleuts into San Francisco Bay multiple times, despite the Spanish capturing or shooting them while hunting sea otters in the estuaries of San Jose, San Mateo, San Bruno and around Angel Island.
The founder of Fort Ross, Ivan Kuskov, finding otters scarce on his second voyage to Bodega Bay in 1812, sent a party of Aleuts to San Francisco Bay, where they met another Russian party and an American party, and caught 1,160 sea otters in three months.
By 1817, sea otters in the area were practically eliminated and the Russians sought permission from the Spanish and the Mexican governments to hunt further and further south of San Francisco.
Remnant sea otter populations may have survived in the bay until 1840, when the Rancho Punta de Quentin was granted to Captain John B. R. Cooper, a sea captain from Boston, by Mexican Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado along with a license to hunt sea otters, reportedly then prevalent at the mouth of Corte Madera Creek.
In the late 1980s, the USFWS relocated about 140 southern sea otters to San Nicolas Island in southern California, in the hope of establishing a reserve population should the mainland be struck by an oil spill.
By 2005, only 30 sea otters remained at San Nicolas, although they were slowly increasing as they thrived on the abundant prey around the island.
The spring 2016 count at San Nicolas Island was 104 sea otters, continuing a 5-year positive trend of over 12% per year.
Sea otters were observed twice in Southern California in 2011, once near Laguna Beach and once at Zuniga Point Jetty, near San Diego.
In this zone, only San Nicolas Island was designated as sea otter habitat, and sea otters found elsewhere in the area were supposed to be captured and relocated.
These plans were abandoned after many translocated otters died and also as it proved impractical to capture the hundreds of otters which ignored regulations and swam into the zone.
However, after engaging in a period of public commentary in 2005, the Fish and Wildlife Service failed to release a formal decision on the issue.
Although abalone fisherman blamed the incursions of sea otters for the decline of abalone, commercial abalone fishing in southern California came to an end from overfishing in 1997, years before significant otter moved south of Point Conception.
Although the southern sea otter's range has continuously expanded from the remnant population of about 50 individuals in Big Sur since protection in 1911, from 2007 to 2010, the otter population and its range contracted and since 2010 has made little progress.
As of spring 2010, the northern boundary had moved from about Tunitas Creek to a point 2 km southeast of Pigeon Point, and the southern boundary has moved from approximately Coal Oil Point to Gaviota State Park.
Cyanobacteria are found in stagnant freshwater enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus from septic tank and agricultural fertilizer runoff, and may be flushed into the ocean when streamflows are high in the rainy season.
A record number of sea otter carcasses were found on California's coastline in 2010, with increased shark attacks an increasing component of the mortality.
Great white sharks do not consume relatively fat-poor sea otters but shark-bitten carcasses have increased from 8% in the 1980s to 15% in the 1990s and to 30% in 2010 and 2011.
In response to recovery efforts, the population climbed steadily from the mid-20th century through the early 2000s, then remained relatively flat from 2005 to 2014 at just under 3,000.
There was some contraction from the northern (now Pigeon Point) and southern limits of the sea otter's range during the end of this period, circumstantially related to an increase in lethal shark bites, raising concerns that the population had reached a plateau.
However, the population increased markedly from 2015 to 2016, with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) California sea otter survey 3-year average reaching 3,272 in 2016, the first time it exceeded the threshold for delisting from the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
If populations continued to grow and ESA delisting occurred, southern sea otters would still be fully protected by state regulations and the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which set higher thresholds for protection, at approximately 8,400 individuals.
However, ESA delisting seems unlikely due to a precipitous population decline recorded in the spring 2017 USGS sea otter survey count, from the 2016 high of 3,615 individuals to 2,688, a loss of 25% of the California sea otter population.
The southernmost limit was Punta Morro Hermoso about south of Punta Eugenia, in turn a headland at the southwestern end of Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay, on the west coast of the Baja Peninsula.
In a 1997 survey, small numbers of sea otters, including pups, were reported by local fishermen, but scientists could not confirm these accounts.
However, male and female otters have been confirmed by scientists off shores of the Baja Peninsula in a 2014 study, who hypothesize that otter dispersed there beginning in 2005.
These sea otter may have dispersed from San Nicolas Island, which is away, as individuals have been recorded traversing distances of over .
United States, otter origins, however one otter had a haplotype not previously reported, and could represent a remnant of the original native Mexican otter population.
In most of its range, the sea otter's diet consists almost exclusively of marine benthic invertebrates, including sea urchins, fat innkeeper worms, a variety of bivalves such as clams and mussels, abalone, other mollusks, crustaceans, and snails.
Where prey such as sea urchins, clams, and abalone are present in a range of sizes, sea otters tend to select larger items over smaller ones of similar type.
In studies performed at Amchitka Island in the 1960s, where the sea otter population was at carrying capacity, 50% of food found in sea otter stomachs was fish.
However, south of Alaska on the North American coast, fish are a negligible or extremely minor part of the sea otter's diet.
Contrary to popular depictions, sea otters rarely eat starfish, and any kelp that is consumed apparently passes through the sea otter's system undigested.
The individuals within a particular area often differ in their foraging methods and prey types, and tend to follow the same patterns as their mothers.
The diet of local populations also changes over time, as sea otters can significantly deplete populations of highly preferred prey such as large sea urchins, and prey availability is also affected by other factors such as fishing by humans.
Sea otters can thoroughly remove abalone from an area except for specimens in deep rock crevices, however, they never completely wipe out a prey species from an area.
Sea otters are a classic example of a keystone species; their presence affects the ecosystem more profoundly than their size and numbers would suggest.
North Pacific areas that do not have sea otters often turn into urchin barrens, with abundant sea urchins and no kelp forest.
Reintroduction of sea otters to British Columbia has led to a dramatic improvement in the health of coastal ecosystems, and similar changes have been observed as sea otter populations recovered in the Aleutian and Commander Islands and the Big Sur coast of California However, some kelp forest ecosystems in California have also thrived without sea otters, with sea urchin populations apparently controlled by other factors.
The role of sea otters in maintaining kelp forests has been observed to be more important in areas of open coast than in more protected bays and estuaries.
Leading mammalian predators of this species include orcas and sea lions, and bald eagles may grab pups from the surface of the water.
Large-scale hunting, part of the Maritime Fur Trade, which would eventually kill approximately one million sea otters, began in the 18th century when hunters and traders began to arrive from all over the world to meet foreign demand for otter pelts, which were one of the world's most valuable types of fur.
In the early 18th century, Russians began to hunt sea otters in the Kuril Islands and sold them to the Chinese at Kyakhta.
Russia was also exploring the far northern Pacific at this time, and sent Vitus Bering to map the Arctic coast and find routes from Siberia to North America.
In 1741, on his second North Pacific voyage, Bering was shipwrecked off Bering Island in the Commander Islands, where he and many of his crew died.
The surviving crew members, which included naturalist Georg Steller, discovered sea otters on the beaches of the island and spent the winter hunting sea otters and gambling with otter pelts.
The Russians found the sea otter far more valuable than the sable skins that had driven and paid for most of their expansion across Siberia.
If the sea otter pelts brought back by Bering's survivors had been sold at Kyakhta prices they would have paid for one tenth the cost of Bering's expedition.
Russian fur-hunting expeditions soon depleted the sea otter populations in the Commander Islands, and by 1745, they began to move on to the Aleutian Islands.
The Russians initially traded with the Aleuts inhabitants of these islands for otter pelts, but later enslaved the Aleuts, taking women and children hostage and torturing and killing Aleut men to force them to hunt.
In 1799, Emperor Paul I consolidated the rival fur-hunting companies into the Russian-American Company, granting it an imperial charter and protection, and a monopoly over trade rights and territorial acquisition.
Under Aleksandr I, the administration of the merchant-controlled company was transferred to the Imperial Navy, largely due to the alarming reports by naval officers of native abuse; in 1818, the indigenous peoples of Alaska were granted civil rights equivalent to a townsman status in the Russian Empire.
Along the coasts of what is now Mexico and California, Spanish explorers bought sea otter pelts from Native Americans and sold them in Asia.
As word spread, people from all over Europe and North America began to arrive in the Pacific Northwest to trade for sea otter furs.
Russian hunting expanded to the south, initiated by American ship captains, who subcontracted Russian supervisors and Aleut hunters in what are now Washington, Oregon, and California.
Between 1803 and 1846, 72 American ships were involved in the otter hunt in California, harvesting an estimated 40,000 skins and tails, compared to only 13 ships of the Russian-American Company, which reported 5,696 otter skins taken between 1806 and 1846.
In 1812, the Russians founded an agricultural settlement at what is now Fort Ross in northern California, as their southern headquarters.
When Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, the Alaska population had recovered to over 100,000, but Americans resumed hunting and quickly extirpated the sea otter again.
During the 1880s, a pelt brought $105 to $165 in the London market, but by 1903, a pelt could be worth as much as $1,125.
In 1911, Russia, Japan, Great Britain (for Canada) and the United States signed the Treaty for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals, imposing a moratorium on the harvesting of sea otters.
During the 20th century, sea otter numbers rebounded in about two-thirds of their historic range, a recovery considered one of the greatest successes in marine conservation.
However, the IUCN still lists the sea otter as an endangered species, and describes the significant threats to sea otters as oil pollution, predation by orcas, poaching, and conflicts with fisheries – sea otters can drown if entangled in fishing gear.
Poaching was a serious concern in the Russian Far East immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991; however, it has declined significantly with stricter law enforcement and better economic conditions.
The most significant threat to sea otters is oil spills, to which they are particularly vulnerable, since they rely on their fur to keep warm.
When their fur is soaked with oil, it loses its ability to retain air, and the animals can quickly die from hypothermia.
The Exxon Valdez oil spill of 24 March 1989 killed thousands of sea otters in Prince William Sound, and as of 2006, the lingering oil in the area continues to affect the population.
The small geographic ranges of the sea otter populations in California, Washington, and British Columbia mean a single major spill could be catastrophic for that state or province.
Increasing the size and range of sea otter populations would also reduce the risk of an oil spill wiping out a population.
However, because of the species' reputation for depleting shellfish resources, advocates for commercial, recreational, and subsistence shellfish harvesting have often opposed allowing the sea otter's range to increase, and there have even been instances of fishermen and others illegally killing them.
In the 1980s, the area was home to an estimated 55,000 to 100,000 sea otters, but the population fell to around 6,000 animals by 2000.
The pattern of disappearances is consistent with a rise in predation, but there has been no direct evidence of orcas preying on sea otters to any significant extent.
Although disease has clearly contributed to the deaths of many of California's sea otters, it is not known why the California population is apparently more affected by disease than populations in other areas.
An estimated 1,200 sea otters live within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and more than 500 live within the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary.
In some areas, massive declines in shellfish harvests have been blamed on the sea otter, and intense public debate has taken place over how to manage the competition between sea otters and humans for seafood.
The debate is complicated because sea otters have sometimes been held responsible for declines of shellfish stocks that were more likely caused by overfishing, disease, pollution, and seismic activity.
Shellfish declines have also occurred in many parts of the North American Pacific coast that do not have sea otters, and conservationists sometimes note the existence of large concentrations of shellfish on the coast is a recent development resulting from the fur trade's near-extirpation of the sea otter.
Although many factors affect shellfish stocks, sea otter predation can deplete a fishery to the point where it is no longer commercially viable.
Scientists agree that sea otters and abalone fisheries cannot exist in the same area, and the same is likely true for certain other types of shellfish, as well.
Sea otters have been credited with contributing to the kelp harvesting industry via their well-known role in controlling sea urchin populations; kelp is used in the production of diverse food and pharmaceutical products.
Although human divers harvest red sea urchins both for food and to protect the kelp, sea otters hunt more sea urchin species and are more consistently effective in controlling these populations.
For many maritime indigenous cultures throughout the North Pacific, especially the Ainu in the Kuril Islands, the Koryaks and Itelmen of Kamchatka, the Aleut in the Aleutian Islands, the Haida of Haida Gwaii and a host of tribes on the Pacific coast of North America, the sea otter has played an important role as a cultural, as well as material, resource.
In these cultures, many of which have strongly animist traditions full of legends and stories in which many aspects of the natural world are associated with spirits, the sea otter was considered particularly kin to humans.
The Aleuts carved sea otter bones for use as ornaments and in games, and used powdered sea otter baculum as a medicine for fever.
These links have been associated with the many human-like behavioral features of the sea otter, including apparent playfulness, strong mother-pup bonds and tool use, yielding to ready anthropomorphism.
The beginning of commercial exploitation had a great impact on the human, as well as animal, populations  the Ainu and Aleuts have been displaced or their numbers are dwindling, while the coastal tribes of North America, where the otter is in any case greatly depleted, no longer rely as intimately on sea mammals for survival.
Since the mid-1970s, the beauty and charisma of the species have gained wide appreciation, and the sea otter has become an icon of environmental conservation.
The round, expressive face and soft, furry body of the sea otter are depicted in a wide variety of souvenirs, postcards, clothing, and stuffed toys.
The Seattle Aquarium became the first institution to raise sea otters from conception to adulthood with the birth of Tichuk in 1979, followed by three more pups in the early 1980s.
In 2007, a YouTube video of two sea otters holding paws drew 1.5 million viewers in two weeks, and had over 20 million views .
Filmed five years previously at the Vancouver Aquarium, it was YouTube's most popular animal video at the time, although it has since been surpassed.
Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapor condenses.
When no CCNs are present, water vapour can be supercooled at about −13°C (8°F) for 5–6 hours before droplets spontaneously form (this is the basis of the cloud chamber for detecting subatomic particles).
The concept of cloud condensation nuclei is used in cloud seeding, that tries to encourage rainfall by seeding the air with condensation nuclei.
A typical raindrop is about 2 mm in diameter, a typical cloud droplet is on the order of 0.02 mm, and a typical cloud condensation nucleus (aerosol) is on the order of 0.0001 mm or 0.1 µm or greater in diameter.
The number of cloud condensation nuclei in the air can be measured and ranges between around 100 to 1000 per cubic centimetre.
The particles may be composed of dust or clay, soot or black carbon from grassland or forest fires, sea salt from ocean wave spray, soot from factory smokestacks or internal combustion engines, sulfate from volcanic activity, phytoplankton or the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and secondary organic matter formed by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds.
The ability of these different types of particles to form cloud droplets varies according to their size and also their exact composition, as the hygroscopic properties of these different constituents are very different.
This is made even more complicated by the fact that many of the chemical species may be mixed within the particles (in particular the sulfate and organic carbon).
Additionally, while some particles (such as soot and minerals) do not make very good CCN, they do act as ice nuclei in colder parts of the atmosphere.
The number and type of CCNs can affect the precipitation amount, lifetimes and radiative properties of clouds as well as the amount and hence have an influence on climate change; details are not well understood but are the subject of research.
Large algal blooms in ocean surface waters occur in a wide range of latitudes and contribute considerable DMS into the atmosphere to act as nuclei.
The idea that an increase in global temperature would also increase phytoplankton activity and therefore CCN numbers was seen as a possible natural phenomenon that would counteract climate change.
Warming oceans are likely to become stratified, with most ocean nutrients trapped in the cold bottom layers while most of the light needed for photosynthesis in the warm top layer.
Under this scenario, deprived of nutrients, marine phytoplankton would decline, as would sulfate cloud condensation nuclei, and the high albedo associated with low clouds.
While his work started in the domain of liberal Christian theology, its main thrust was always apologetical, seeking to defend religion against naturalist critiques.
Otto eventually came to conceive of his work as part of a science of religion, which was divided into the philosophy of religion, the history of religion, and the psychology of religion.
By 1906, he held a position as extraordinary professor, and in 1910 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Giessen.
Otto's fascination with non-Christian religions was awakened during an extended trip from 1911-1912 through North Africa, Palestine, British India, China, Japan, and the United States.
He cited a 1911 visit to a Moroccan synagogue as a key inspiration for the theme of the Holy he would later develop.
Meanwhile, in 1915, he became ordinary professor at the University of Breslau, and in 1917, at the University of Marburg's Divinity School, then one of the most famous Protestant seminaries in the world.
On 6 March 1937, he died of pneumonia, after suffering serious injuries falling about twenty meters from a tower in October 1936.
In his early years Otto was most influenced by the German idealist theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher and his conceptualization of the category of the religious as a type of emotion or consciousness irreducible to ethical or rational epistemologies.
Schleiermacher described this religious feeling as one of absolute dependence; Otto eventually rejected this characterization as too closely analogous to earthly dependence and emphasized the complete otherness of the religious feeling from the mundane world (see below).
In 1904, while a student at the University of Göttingen, Otto became a proponent of the philosophy of Jakob Fries along with two fellow students.
Otto argues consciousness cannot be explained in terms of physical or neural processes, and also accords it epistemological primacy by arguing all knowledge of the physical world is mediated by personal experience.
On the other hand, he disagrees with Descartes' characterization of the mental as a rational realm, positing instead that rationality is built upon a nonrational intuitive realm.
While Kant's philosophy said thought occurred in a rational domain, Fries diverged and said it also occurred in practical and aesthetic domains; Otto pursued Fries' line of thinking further and suggested another nonrational domain of the thought, the religious.
He felt intuition was valuable in rational domains like mathematics, but subject to the corrective of reason, whereas religious intuitions might not be subject to that corrective.
It was one of the most successful German theological books of the 20th century, has never gone out of print, and is now available in about 20 languages.
Otto felt people should first do serious rational study of God, before turning to the non-rational element of God as he did in this book.
Otto therefore understands religious experience as having mind-independent phenomenological content rather than being an internal response to belief in a divine reality.
German-American theologian Paul Tillich acknowledged Otto's influence on him, as did Otto's most famous German pupil, Gustav Mensching (1901–1978) from Bonn University.
Ninian Smart, who was a formative influence on religious studies as a secular discipline, was influenced by Otto in his understanding of religious experience and his approach to understanding religion cross-culturally.
The American Episcopal priest John A. Sanford applied the ideas of both Otto and Jung in his writings on religious psychotherapy.
Other philosophers to acknowledge Otto were, for instance, Martin Heidegger, Leo Strauss, Hans-Georg Gadamer (who was critical when younger but respectful in his old age), Max Scheler, Edmund Husserl, W. T. Stace, Joachim Wach, and Hans Jonas.
He experimented with adding a time similar to a Quaker moment of silence to the Lutheran liturgy as an opportunity for worshipers to experience the numinous.
They have a black head with a white border that runs from behind the eye, around the black ear-coverts and chin, and joins at the throat.
In South America the Humboldt penguin is found only along the Pacific coast, and the range of the Humboldt penguin overlaps that of the Magellanic penguin on the central Chilean coast.
Due to a declining population caused in part by over-fishing, climate change, and ocean acidification, the current status of the Humboldt penguin is threatened.
In 2017 a large mining project proposed by the company Andes Iron in Chile was vetoed due to the possible environmental impact on the penguins.
In 2009 at the Bremerhaven Zoo in Germany, two adult male Humboldt penguins adopted an egg that had been abandoned by its biological parents.
After the egg hatched, the two penguins raised, protected, cared for, and fed the chick in the same manner that heterosexual penguin couples raise their own offspring.
A further example of this kind of behavior came in 2014, when Jumbs and Kermit, two Humboldt Penguins at Wingham Wildlife Park became the center of international media attention as two males who had pair bonded a number of years earlier and then successfully hatched and reared an egg given to them as surrogate parents after the mother abandoned it halfway through incubation.
In addition to their home waters near South America, Humboldt penguins can be found in zoos all around the world, including Spain, Germany, India, Ireland, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and other locations.
One of the 135 Humboldt penguins from Tokyo Sea Life Park (Kasai Rinkai Suizokuen) thrived in Tokyo Bay for 82 days after apparently scaling the 4-metre-high wall and managing to get through a barbed-wire fence into the bay.
When collected in trade paperback form, the chapters of the story were given names, and a table of contents was added to reflect this.
Clay sets out to locate her and becomes embroiled in a series of misadventures involving an incredibly bizarre and varied cast of supporting characters.
Clay is victimized by two crazed policemen, meets a religious cult led by a mass-murderer who intend to overthrow the American government, conspiracy theorists who believe that the reins of the world's political power somehow revolve around a series of dime store novelty figures, an inhumanly malformed, potato-like young woman and her nymphomaniacal mother, and various other freaks and weirdos.
The true nature of the potato-woman's father is never learned by Mr. Loudermilk, but the reader will see suggestions of the Cthulhu Mythos.
As presented by Clowes, the film is a highly commercialized, poorly made flop, with little in common with Clowes' original story beyond the title and a few superficial elements.
In response to a hormogonium-inducing factor (HIF) secreted by plant hosts, cyanobacterial symbionts differentiate into hormogonia and then dedifferentiate back into vegetative cells after about 96 hours.
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed from tongs used to handle hot metal in Bronze Age Europe.
This arrangement creates a mechanical advantage, allowing the force of the hand's grip to be amplified and focused on an object with precision.
As pliers in the general sense are an ancient and simple invention, no single point in history, or inventor, can be credited.
Early metal working processes from several millennia BCE would have required plier-like devices to handle hot materials in the process of smithing or casting.
The number of different designs of pliers grew with the invention of the different objects which they were used to handle: horseshoes, fasteners, wire, pipes, electrical, and electronic components.
The materials used to make pliers consist mainly of steel alloys with additives such as vanadium or chromium, to improve strength and prevent corrosion.
The metal handles of pliers are often fitted with grips of other materials to ensure better handling; grips are usually insulated and additionally protect against electric shock.
The jaws vary widely in size, from delicate needle-nose pliers to heavy jaws capable of exerting much pressure, and shape, from basic flat jaws to various specialized and often asymmetrical jaw configurations for specific manipulations.
Some pliers for electrical work are fitted with wire-cutter blades either built into the jaws or on the handles just below the pivot.
Where it is necessary to avoid scratching or damaging the workpiece, as for example in jewellery and musical instrument repair, pliers with a layer of softer material such as aluminium, brass, or plastic over the jaws are used.
Much research has been undertaken to improve the design of pliers, to make them easier to use in often difficult circumstances (such as restricted spaces).
The handles can be bent, for example, so that the load applied by the hand is aligned with the arm, rather than at an angle, so reducing muscle fatigue.
The same year, she began a two-year attendance in film studies in the drama department of the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California.
Egg yolks have been integrated into ice creams since at least the 1690s, though there are several notable invention stories that are associated with modern commercializations of this practice.
One early commercialization of frozen custard was in Coney Island, New York in 1919, when ice cream vendors Archie and Elton Kohr found that adding egg yolks to ice cream created a smoother texture and helped the ice cream stay cold longer.
Per capita, Milwaukee has the highest concentration of frozen custard shops in the world and the city supports a long-standing three-way competition between Kopp's Frozen Custard, Gilles Frozen Custard and Leon's Frozen Custard.
In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration requires products marketed as frozen custard to contain at least 10 percent milkfat and 1.4 percent egg yolk solids.
Soft serve ice creams may have an overrun as large as 100%, meaning half of the final product is composed of air.
Frozen custard, when made in a continuous freezer will have an overrun of 15–30% depending on the machine manufacturer (an overrun percentage similar to gelato).
The high percentage of butterfat and egg yolk gives frozen custard a thick, creamy texture and a smoother consistency than ice cream.
Frozen custard can be served at −8 °C (18 °F), warmer than the −12 °C (10 °F) at which ice cream is served, in order to make a soft serve product.
The speed with which the product leaves the barrel minimizes the amount of air in the product but more importantly ensures that the ice crystals formed are very small.
Its native range includes the Quartz Mountains and Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma, through Texas, to the Mexican states of Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León.
It is also a smaller tree, not exceeding 1 meter (40 inches) in trunk diameter (compared to 2.5 m (75 inches) in diameter in southern live oak), with more erect branching and a less wide crown.
Like Q. virginiana, its magnificent, stately form and unparalleled longevity has endeared it to generations of residents where it is native.
The tree, especially the Quartz Mountains variety, is generally accepted to be the hardiest evergreen oak, able to withstand very cold winters with minimal leaf burn in areas as cold as USDA zone 6a.
For this reason the tree has become popular within the landscape industry for its beauty, ability to endure urban conditions, and general hardiness.
It is prevalently used for these purposes in Texas and southern Oklahoma but use is becoming more widespread in the Western US.
Much of the plot of the book concerns David's attempt to obtain a woman whom he considers his feminine ideal, based largely on the characteristics of his first cousin, Pamela, with whom he shared some innocent adolescent kisses at a family summer retreat.
Shortly after attending the funeral of a friend, David meets, dates, and is abandoned by Wanda, a woman whom he considers the perfect fulfillment of this ideal.
After sinking into an all-consuming depression for weeks, David is shot in the head by an unknown attacker in front of his own home, but survives with only a small dent in his forehead.
David, his mother, their extended family, and David's roommate and friend Dot all end up stranded on a small island, Hulligan's Wharf, which the family owns and uses for vacations.
While on the island, David has a sexual tryst with his mother's cousin, Mrs. Capon, who later disappears that very night.
Manfred tries to kill Dot by drugging her and throwing her into the water while she sleeps, but she wakes up in time to grab Iris, beat up Manfred, and escape by boat.
When word gets around that David suspects Manfred of killing Mrs. Capon as well, Manfred tries to pummel him, but is stopped by Mr. Hulligan, the island's caretaker.
When the food runs out, David and Mr. Hulligan are abandoned by Manfred and David's mother, and barely make it ashore on a makeshift raft.
He soon discovers that the man who shot him was a professor named Karkes, who was similarly abandoned by Wanda, and assumed that she had left him for David.
David decides that, contrary to his earlier belief that Wanda was the fulfillment of his ideal, Wanda was in fact merely a flawed version of Judy.
Meanwhile, Dot's relationship with Iris has failed, and Iris leaves her for Agent Roy Smith, who is investigating the murders of Mrs. Capon and Whitey.
Smith resolves to frame David and Dot for Whitey's murder, in order to eliminate any competition for Iris, whom he marries.
David loudly and publicly declares his love for Judy, but this only earns him another beating at the hands of her husband.
She fled to the island for her child's safety, and has several months of food supply, planning to start a vegetable garden so that they can survive indefinitely.
At the book's end, David expresses the conviction that he is happy and thankful, and does not care how long he has to live.
Demetrios Chalkokondyles ( ), Latinized as Demetrius Chalcocondyles and found variously as Demetricocondyles, Chalcocondylas or Chalcondyles (14239 January 1511) was one of the most eminent Greek scholars in the West.
He taught in Italy for over forty years; his colleagues included Marsilius Ficinus, Angelus Politianus, and Theodorus Gaza in the revival of letters in the Western world, and Chalkokondyles was the last of the Greek humanists who taught Greek literature at the great universities of the Italian Renaissance (Padua, Florence, Milan).
Chalkokondyles published the first printed publications of Homer (in 1488), of Isocrates (in 1493), and of the Suda lexicon (in 1499).
Demetrios Chalkokondyles was born in Athens in 1423 to one of the noblest Athenian families and was the cousin of the chronicler of the fall of Constantinople, Laonicus Chalcocondyles.
He became the student of Theodorus Gaza and later gained the patronage of Lorenzo de Medici, serving as a tutor to his sons.
In 1463 Chalkokondyles was made professor at Padua, and later, at Francesco Philelpho's suggestion, in 1479 he took over the place of Ioannis Argyropoulos, as the head of the Greek Literature department and was summoned by Lorenzo de Medici to Florence.
It was during his tenure at the Studium in Florence that Chalkokondyles edited Homer for publication, which, dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici, is his major accomplishment.
Kannoth Karunakaran (5 July 1918 – 23 December 2010) was an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress party.
He served as the Chief Minister of Kerala four times: for a brief period from March 1977 to April 1977, another short term from December 1981 to March 1982, followed by a brief period of president's rule from March 1982 to May 1982, from May 1982 to May 1987, and from June 1992 to May 1995.
He was instrumental in several massive infrastructure projects in Kerala which includes the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi) and the Cochin International Airport.
Kannoth Karunakaran was born on 5 July 1918 in Chirakkal near Kannur as the son of Thekkedathu Ravunni Marar and Kannoth Kalyani Marasyar.
He had two elder brothers - Kunjirama Marar and Balakrishna Marar, a younger brother - Damodara Marar (Appunni Marar) and a sister - Devaki (who died when Karunakaran was just five years old).
Though he was named Karunakara Marar, he later dropped his caste title, and came to be known just by his name.
For treating an eye disorder, he went to his maternal uncle's home in Vellanikkara near Thrissur, along with his elder brother Kunjirama Marar.
Later, he married his maternal uncle's daughter Kalyanikkutty Amma in 1954 at Guruvayoor Temple, when he was 36 and Kalyanikkutty Amma was 30.
He also participated intensively in the trade union activities in the vast Thattil rubber estates where his uncle Raghavan Nair was a 'writer'.
During this time, he would spare his artistic skills and labour in helping the workers' union (later INTUC) for their wall writings and campaigns.
He went on to become the Thrissur District Congress Committee President, after which he was elected to the Cochin Legislative Assembly twice before the formation of Kerala State.
Karunakaran was denied a Congress ticket in the 1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections, after which he was allotted a ticket to contest from a strong Communist stronghold, Thrissur's Mala constituency in the 1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections.
Karunakaran surprised everyone by defeating the left front candidate by more than 3000 votes, and since represented the constituency in 1967, 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987, and 1991.
He was suffering from respiratory problems, fever and other age related diseases and had been hospitalized on 21 October 2010, never to be left alive again.
It was coincidental that his death and Narasimha Rao's death was on same date (Rao died six years earlier in 2004).
Karunakaran had played key role in backing the Rao Government and later Rao had dismissed Karunakaran from the chair of Chief Minister of Kerala.
After the Emergency, the Rajan case rocked Kerala politics like no other issue before and Karunakaran was forced to step down as the case attracted national attention.
Eachara Warrier asking the state machinery to produce his son Rajan (a student of Regional Engineering College, Calicut who actively participated in protests against the emergency declared by the Indira government) in court.
The legal battle led by Rajan's father became one of the most remembered human rights fights in the state and diminished Karunakaran's popularity.
He was an accused in the Palmolein Oil Import Scam, which was pending before the Supreme Court at the time of his death.
The Wisconsin State University Conference (WSUC) was an American intercollegiate college athletic conference that was formed in July 1913 as the Wisconsin State Normal Conference.
All of these schools were (and remain) State institutions, most of them had been founded as normal schools in the late 19th century.
They were renamed as state teachers colleges, state colleges, and state universities before becoming campuses of the University of Wisconsin System when the latter merged with the Wisconsin State Universities in 1971.
In July 1997, the nine members of the WSUC merged with the Wisconsin Women’s Intercollegiate Athletic Conference to form the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Journey to the Center of the Earth (also called Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth) is a 1959 CinemaScope science fiction adventure film in color by De Luxe, distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Bernard Herrmann wrote the film score, and the film's storyline was adapted by Charles Brackett from the novel of the same name by Jules Verne.
In 1880 Edinburgh, Scotland, Professor Sir Oliver Lindenbrook (James Mason), a geologist at the University of Edinburgh, is given a piece of volcanic rock by his admiring student, Alec McEwan (Pat Boone).
Finding the rock unusually heavy, Lindenbrook, mostly due to carelessness by his lab assistant, Mr. Paisley (Ben Wright), discovers a plumb bob inside bearing a cryptic inscription.
Lindenbrook and Alec discover that it was left by a scientist named Arne Saknussemm, who had, almost 300 years earlier, found a passage to the center of the Earth by descending into Snæfellsjökull, a volcano in western Iceland.
Professor Göteborg (Ivan Triesault), upon receiving correspondence from Lindenbrook regarding the message, opts to try to reach the Earth's center first.
Göteborg's widow, Carla (Arlene Dahl), who initially believed Lindenbrook was trying to capitalize on her deceased husband's work, learns the truth from Göteborg's diary.
She provides the equipment and supplies her husband had gathered, including much sought after Ruhmkorff lamps, but only on condition that she go along.
They construct a raft from the stems of giant mushrooms in order to cross it, but not before narrowly escaping a family of dimetrodons.
The professor deduces that this must be the center of the Earth: The magnetic forces of north and south meet there and are powerful enough to snatch away even the gold in their rings and tooth fillings.
The right hand of his skeleton points toward a volcanic chimney, whose strong updraft suggests it leads to the surface, but a giant rock partially blocks the way.
Lindenbrook decides to blow up the obstruction with gunpowder left by Saknussemm, and they take shelter in a large sacrificial altar bowl.
Lindenbrook, however, declines the accolades showered upon him, stating that he has no proof of his experiences, but he encourages others to follow in their footsteps.
The film was a co-production between 20th Century-Fox and Joseph M. Schenck, who had been instrumental in helping establish Fox in 1935.
The serious thing about Jules Verne is that all he does is tell a story in exciting episodes, but his stories have always pushed man a little closer towards the unknown.
I invented a lot of new characters—the Pat Boone part, the part of the professor's wife played by Arlene Dahl, the [part of the] villain—and the fact that it all played in Scotland.
He said he was reluctant to make the film because it was science fiction, even after Fox promised to add some songs.
That was absolutely the most beautiful idea, because Clifton Webb had a certain tongue-in-cheek style, suited to playing a professor with crazy notions, which could be paired with Pat Boone as his favorite disciple.
Every week Clifton visited Brackett's office, where we described scenes to him and he became very excited at the prospect of playing that kind of part.
Maybe two or three weeks before we actually began to shoot, Clifton Webb went to the hospital for a checkup, and they never let him out.
Unless my memory fails me completely, it was a double hernia, and he was, as you can imagine, a very sensitive man, very touchy about sickness.
He called Zanuck himself on his private line, and said he could not play the part because it was such a physical part.
I think it was [longtime head of Twentieth Century-Fox casting] Billy Gordon or Lew Schreiber [Twentieth Century-Fox production executive] who suggested James Mason.
From there on it was clear sailing, except that Pat Boone had about three or four songs, if not more, and I think all of them died in the end, with the exception of one or two.
Film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes assigns a rating of 86% based on 29 critics, with an average rating of 7/10.
The film was nominated for three Academy Awards: for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Lyle R. Wheeler, Franz Bachelin, Herman A. Blumenthal, Walter M. Scott, Joseph Kish), for Best Effects, Special Effects, and for Best Sound (Carlton W. Faulkner).
It is unclear who this refers to, as the Mohe tribes are thought to have occupied Manchuria northwest of the northern Korean kingdom Goguryeo, far from Baekje's capital (generally presumed to have been in the present-day Seoul region).
Erleuchtung garantiert (Enlightenment Guaranteed) is a 2000 German film directed by Doris Dörrie about two brothers, Uwe (Uwe Ochsenknecht) and Gustav (Gustav-Peter Wöhler), who travel to Japan to sort out the mess of their lives.
After a particularly stressful morning of playing children bright and early (and waking the couple's infant daughter who had kept Petra up most of the night), Uwe is particularly disrespectful to his wife.
While he is at work as a real estate agent of sorts, his wife packs up most of their belongings and moves out.
Chalkokondyles was a member of a prominent family of Athens, which at the time was ruled by the Florentine Acciaioli family.
When Antonio died in 1435, Maria attempted to secure control of the Duchy of Athens and sent George on a mission to the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, asking that the government of Athens might be entrusted to herself and George Chalkokondyles.
However, during his absence, the Duchess was enticed out of the Acropolis and a young scion of the Acciaiuoli family, Nerio II, was proclaimed Duke of Athens.
George with Laonikos and the rest of the family relocated to the Peloponnese, which was under Byzantine rule as the Despotate of the Morea.
The one glimpse we have of Laonikos himself is in the summer of 1447, when Cyriacus of Ancona met him in the summer of 1447 at the court of Constantine Palaiologos at Mistra.
70.6, written in 1318, with corrections by Plethon, and later used by Bessarion in 1436 to make another copy, contains a subscription written by Laonikos.
In writing this work, his account of the circumcision of Sultan Mehmed II's sons in 1457 suggest he was an eye-witness to the event, and his account of Ottoman finances indicate he interviewed the Sultan's accountants.
After Skanderbeg leaves the Ottoman army and becomes leader of Albania on his own right, Chalkokondyles is brought as a hostage to his court to witness the First Siege of Krujë.
This historical work comprises one of the most important sources for the students of the final 150 years of Byzantine history, despite being defective in its chronology.
It covers the period from 1298–1463, describing the fall of the Byzantine empire and the rise of the Ottoman Turks, which forms the centre of the narrative, down to the conquest of the Venetians and Mathias, king of Hungary, by Mehmed II.
The capture of Constantinople he rightly regarded as an historical event of far-reaching importance and compared it to the fall of Troy.
The work also sketches other manners and civilization of England, France and Germany, whose assistance the Greeks sought to obtain against the Turks.
His model is Thucydides (according to Bekker, Herodotus), his language is tolerably pure and correct, and his style is simple and clear.
The archaic language he used made his texts hard to read in many parts, while the antiquarian names, with which he named people of his time, created confusion (Γέται, Δάκες, Λίγυρες, Μυσοί, Παίονες, Ἕλληνες).
A French translation was published by Blaise de Vigenère in 1577 with a later edition by Artus Thomas, with valuable illustrations on Turkish matters.
Happy Valley is a large beginner's area at Whakapapa separated from the rest of the skifield in its own little valley and is considered one of the best in the country.
The area has a cafe and ski hire facility, there is also a double chair lift, and 4 magic carpet lifts including a dedicated snow sledding area.
The Knoll ridge Express will replace the Knoll Ridge T-Bar and possible the valley t-bar as well, starting from the top of the rangatira express and ending in a similar spot to where the knoll ridge t-bar's top terminal is.
If the plan goes ahead it will be a six seater with a top speed of 5 meters per second and the ability to transport 3,200 people per hour.
A new gondola was installed for the 2019 season, called the Sky Waka, that can transport over 3000 people an hour from the base area at an elevation of 1630m to the Knoll Ridge Cafe at 2020m to provide access to the upper mountain.
On 13 February 2009 arson destroyed two buildings at the skifield: the main chalet and an implement shed containing three snow groomers.
The main chalet, the Knoll Ridge Cafe was replaced by a new, more modern, facility slightly lower down the mountain with less visual impact than the old chalet.
Weather conditions can be changeable over the day, and mountain visitors are advised to be prepared and carry basic survival equipment.
Although severe weather is unusual and generally forecast, it has claimed several lives over the years, including a party of soldiers undergoing winter survival training in 1990.
The same storm also trapped a Japanese tourist when the weather unexpectedly closed in on him, but he built a snow cave and sheltered in it until he was rescued days later.
On July 5, 2003 about 350 skiers and 70 skifield staff were trapped on the mountain overnight at Top o'the Bruce when a sudden snow storm blew up and within a few minutes made the access road too dangerous to descend.
Again on Saturday July 26, 2008 skiers and staff were trapped on the mountain overnight when a fast approaching storm caused the skifield to be closed at 10:30am and made the road too dangerous for cars without chains or 4WD to leave the area.
By 3pm there were still over 100 cars in the Whakapapa car park and those who had not been able to leave by that point were told to settle in for the night.
Whakapapa Village, within 10 minutes of the skifield, has mild summers with max summer temperatures around 20, and very cold winters for NZ standards with snow falling on some days, with an elevation just shy of 1200 meters.
Offered in the summer months of the year, there is an option to view the volcanic crater lake at the top of the mountain.
Visitors take a chairlift ride up to 2020m, from which a guide takes visitors on a 6-hour walk around the lake.
The Jardin du Luxembourg (), also known in English as the Luxembourg Gardens, is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France.
It was created beginning in 1612 by Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV of France, for a new residence she constructed, the Luxembourg Palace.
It covers 23 hectares and is known for its lawns, tree-lined promenades, flowerbeds, model sailboats on its circular basin, and picturesque Medici Fountain, built in 1620.
In 1611, Marie de' Medici, the widow of Henry IV and the regent for the King Louis XIII decided to build a palace in imitation of the Pitti Palace in her native Florence.
In 1612 she planted 2,000 elm trees, and directed a series of gardeners, most notably Tommaso Francini, to build a park in the style she had known as a child in Florence.
Francini planned two terraces with balustrades and parterres laid out along the axis of the chateau, aligned around a circular basin.
He also built the Medici Fountain to the east of the palace as a nympheum, an artificial grotto and fountain, without its present pond and statuary.
In 1630 she bought additional land and enlarged the garden to thirty hectares, and entrusted the work to Jacques Boyceau de la Barauderie, the indendant of the royal gardens of Tuileries and the early garden of Versailles.
He was one of the early theorists of the new and more formal garden à la française, and he laid out a series of squares along an east-west alley closed at the east end by the Medici Fountain, and a rectangle of parterres with broderies of flowers and hedges in front of the palace.
In the center he placed an octagonal basin with a fountain, with a perspective toward what is now the Paris observatory.
In 1780, the Comte de Provence, the future Louis XVIII, sold the eastern part of the garden for real estate development.
Following the French Revolution, however, the leaders of the French Directory expanded the garden to forty hectares by confiscating the land of the neighboring religious order of the Carthusian monks.
He preserved the famous pepiniere, or nursery garden of the Carthusian order, and the old vineyards, and kept the garden in a formal French style.
In 1865, during the reconstruction of Paris by Louis Napoleon, the rue de l'Abbé de l'Épée, (now rue Auguste-Comte) was extended into the park, cutting off about seven hectares, including a large part of the old nursery garden.
The building of new streets next to the park also required moving and rebuilding the Medici Fountain to its present location.
The long basin of the fountain was added at this time, along with the statues at the foot of the fountain.
During this reconstruction, the chief architect of parks and promenades of Paris, Gabriel Davioud, under the leadership of Adolphe Alphand, built new ornamental gates and fences around the park, and polychrome brick garden houses.
He also transformed what remained of the old Chartreux nursery garden, at the south end of the park, into an English garden with winding paths, and planted a fruit garden in the southwest corner.
He kept the regular geometric pattern of the paths and alleys, but did create one diagonal alley near the Medici fountain which opened a view of the Pantheon.
The garden in the late nineteenth century contained a marionette theater, a music kiosk, greenhouses, an apiary or bee-house; an orangerie also used for displaying sculpture and modern art (used until the 1930s); a rose garden, the fruit orchard, and about seventy works of sculpture.
The garden is largely devoted to a green parterre of gravel and lawn populated with statues and centred on a large octagonal basin of water, with a central jet of water; in it children sail model boats.
In addition, free musical performances are presented in a gazebo on the grounds and there is a small cafe restaurant nearby, under the trees, with both indoor and outdoor seating from which many people enjoy the music over a glass of wine.
The bronze fountain represents the work of four sculptors: Louis Vuillemot carved the garlands and festoons around the pedestal, Pierre Legrain carved the armillary with interior globe and zodiac band; the animalier Emmanuel Fremiet designed the eight horses, marine turtles and spouting fish.
Open hours for the Luxembourg Garden depend on the month: opening between 7:30 and 8:15 am; closing at dusk between 4:45 and 9:45 pm.
It was designed by Tommaso Francini, a Florentine fountain maker and hydraulic engineer who was brought from Florence to France by King Henry IV.
It fell into ruins during the 18th century, but in 1811, at the command of Napoleon Bonaparte, the fountain was restored by Jean Chalgrin, the architect of the Arc de Triomphe.
The long basin of water was built and flanked by plane trees, and the sculptures of the giant Polyphemus surprising the lovers Acis and Galatea, by French classical sculptor Auguste Ottin, were added to the grotto's rockwork.
Hidden behind the Medici Fountain is the Fontaine de Léda, (1807), a wall fountain built during the time of Napoleon Bonaparte at the corner of the Rue du Regard and Rue de Vaugirard, with a bas-relief sculpture depicting the legend of Leda and the Swan by Achille Valois.
When the original site was destroyed during the prolongation of the Rue de Rennes in 1856 by Louis Napoleon, the fountain was preserved and moved in 1866 to the Luxembourg Gardens and attached to the back of the Medici Fountain.
It is here that the principal love story of the novel unfolds, as the characters Marius Pontmercy and Cosette first meet.
Prince Kyril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav (Kyril Heinrich Franz Ludwig Anton Karl Philipp; 17 November 1895 – 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma.
He was a younger brother of Boris III of Bulgaria and a prince regent of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1944.
He was born on 17 November 1895 in Sofia as the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma.
Present at the death of his brother, Tsar Boris, on 28 August 1943, Prince Kyril was appointed head of a regency council by the Bulgarian parliament, to act as Head of State until the late Tsar's son, Simeon II of Bulgaria, became 18.
Prince Kyril, with the widowed Tsaritsa, Giovanna of Savoy, daughter of the Italian king, led the state funeral for his brother Tsar Boris III on 5 September 1943 at the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia, thereafter proceeding across the city to the main railway station where the funeral train waited to take the body to the 12th century Rila Monastery in the mountains.
Thereafter the three consecutive governments made efforts to extricate themselves from Bulgaria's agreements with Germany, notably that which permitted their use of the railway to Greece and the German troops stationed along it for protection.
A Bulgarian delegation travelled to Cairo in an attempt to negotiate with the United States and Great Britain but failed, the latter refusing to meet them without the participation of the Soviet Union.
Despite Sofia's continuous diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union, on 5 September 1944 that country declared war on Bulgaria, and on 8 September Soviet armies crossed the Romanian border and Danube.
The Fatherland Front, a coalition of the Communist Party, the left wing of the Agrarian Union, the Zveno group, and a few pro-Soviet politicians who had returned from exile in the Soviet Union, executed a Soviet-backed military coup on 9 September and seized power.
On the night of 1 February 1945, Kyril, along with former Prime Minister and Regent Professor Bogdan Filov, General Nikola Mikhov, and a range of former cabinet ministers, royal advisors and 67 MPs were executed.
The MAC value protects both a message's data integrity as well as its authenticity, by allowing verifiers (who also possess the secret key) to detect any changes to the message content.
For a secure unforgeable message authentication code, it should be computationally infeasible to compute a valid tag of the given message without knowledge of the key, even if for the worst case, we assume the adversary can forge the tag of any message except the given one.
This means that even if an attacker has access to an oracle which possesses the secret key and generates MACs for messages of the attacker's choosing, the attacker cannot guess the MAC for other messages (which were not used to query the oracle) without performing infeasible amounts of computation.
This implies that the sender and receiver of a message must agree on the same key before initiating communications, as is the case with symmetric encryption.
For the same reason, MACs do not provide the property of non-repudiation offered by signatures specifically in the case of a network-wide shared secret key: any user who can verify a MAC is also capable of generating MACs for other messages.
Since this private key is only accessible to its holder, a digital signature proves that a document was signed by none other than that holder.
However, non-repudiation can be provided by systems that securely bind key usage information to the MAC key; the same key is in the possession of two people, but one has a copy of the key that can be used for MAC generation while the other has a copy of the key in a hardware security module that only permits MAC verification.
However, some authors use MIC to refer to a message digest, which is different from a MAC – a message digest does not use secret keys.
This lack of security means that any message digest intended for use gauging message integrity should be encrypted or otherwise be protected against tampering.
Message digest algorithms are created such that a given message will always produce the same message digest assuming the same algorithm is used to generate both.
Conversely, MAC algorithms are designed to produce matching MACs only if the same message, secret key and initialization vector are input to the same algorithm.
Message digests do not use secret keys and, when taken on their own, are therefore a much less reliable gauge of message integrity than MACs.
MAC algorithms can be constructed from other cryptographic primitives, like cryptographic hash functions (as in the case of HMAC) or from block cipher algorithms (OMAC, CBC-MAC and PMAC).
Intrinsically keyed hash algorithms such as SipHash are also by definition MACs; they can be even faster than universal-hashing based MACs.
Additionally, the MAC algorithm can deliberately combine two or more cryptographic primitives, so as to maintain protection even if one of them is later found to be vulnerable.
For instance, in Transport Layer Security (TLS), the input data is split in halves that are each processed with a different hashing primitive (MD5 and SHA-1) then XORed together to output the MAC.
ISO/IEC 9797-1 and -2 define generic models and algorithms that can be used with any block cipher or hash function, and a variety of different parameters.
For example, the FIPS PUB 113 algorithm is functionally equivalent to ISO/IEC 9797-1 MAC algorithm 1 with padding method 1 and a block cipher algorithm of DES.
The receiver in turn runs the message portion of the transmission through the same MAC algorithm using the same key, producing a second MAC data tag.
If they are identical, the receiver can safely assume that the message was not altered or tampered with during transmission (data integrity).
However, to allow the receiver to be able to detect replay attacks, the message itself must contain data that assures that this same message can only be sent once (e.g.
Otherwise an attacker could – without even understanding its content – record this message and play it back at a later time, producing the same result as the original sender.
Universal hashing and in particular pairwise independent hash functions provide a secure message authentication code as long as the key is used at most once.
The head is black with a broad white border that runs from behind the eye, around the black ear-coverts and chin, and joins at the throat.
Magellanic penguins feed in the water, preying on cuttlefish, squid, krill, and other crustaceans, and ingest sea water with their prey.
During the breeding season males and females have similar foraging and diving patterns as well as diet composition, however bone tissue analysis suggests that diets diverge post-season when limitations imposed by chick rearing are removed.
Magellanic penguins do not experience a severe shortage of food like the Galapagos penguins, because they have a consistent food supply being located on the Atlantic coast of South America.
In the breeding season, these birds gather in large nesting colonies at the coasts of Argentina, southern Chile, and the Falkland Islands, which have a density of 20 nests per 100 m. The breeding season begins with the arrival of adult Magellanic penguins at the breeding colonies in September and extends into late February and March when the chicks are mature enough to leave the colonies.
The males return from the sea on the day the second egg is laid to take their turn incubating The second eggs are generally larger and with higher temperature than the first egg.
Male and female Magellanic penguins overlap in the at-sea areas they use whilst foraging, and show only small difference in foraging behaviours during early chick-rearing.
Millions of these penguins still live on the coasts of Argentina and Chile, but the species is classified as threatened, primarily due to the vulnerability of large breeding colonies to oil spills, which kill 20,000 adults and 22,000 juveniles every year off the coast of Argentina.
To help the fight against the oil spills, zoo representatives from all over the world come and adopt the hatchlings, and breed them there.
The decline of fish populations is also responsible, as well as predators such as sea lions, giant petrels, and leopard seals which prey on the chicks.
A colony being tracked by University of Washington professor P. Dee Boersma, about south of Buenos Aires, has fallen by more than 20 percent in the past 22 years, leaving 200,000 breeding pairs.
Some younger penguins are now moving their breeding colonies north to be closer to fish, but, in some cases, this is putting them on private, unprotected lands.
A recent study of professor Dee Boersma showed that an increase of rainstorms caused by climate change affecting weather patterns has had a large impact in the chicks' population.
The chicks haven't yet grown waterproof feathers so they are more likely to die of hypothermia when they get wet during big storms.
Increased frequency of extreme events, such as storms, drought, temperature extremes, and wildfires, associated with climate change, increases the reproductive failure in Magellanic penguins.
The provincial government of Chubut is committed to the creation of a MPA in order to protect the penguins and other marine species near the largest Magellanic breeding colony.
The creation of a MPA would likely improve the breeding success of the colonies as well as increase prey availability, reduce foraging distance, and increase feeding frequency.
In the case of more than 750,000 minor planets, approximately a third remains provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades.
The current system of provisional designation of minor planets (asteroids, centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects) has been in place since 1925, and superseded several previous conventions, each of which was rendered obsolete by the increasing numbers of minor planet discoveries.
A modern or new-style provisional designation consists of the year of discovery, followed by two letters and, optionally, a suffixed number.
For example, the asteroid 6344 P-L is the 6344th minor planet in the original Palomar–Leiden survey, while the asteroid 4835 T-1 was discovered during the first Trojan-campaign.
The first four minor planets were discovered in the early 19th century, after which there was a lengthy gap before the discovery of the fifth.
Astronomers initially had no reason to believe that there would be countless thousands of minor planets, and strove to assign a symbol to each new discovery, in the tradition of the symbols used for the major planets.
For example, 1 Ceres was assigned a stylized sickle (⚳) 2 Pallas a lozenge with a crossed handle (⚴) 3 Juno a Venus mirror crowned by a star (, later became a star with a crossed handle, ⚵) and 4 Vesta a sacred fire altar ().
It soon became apparent, though, that continuing to assign symbols was impractical and provided no assistance when the number of known minor planets was in the tens.
Encke's system began the numbering with Astrea which was given the number (1) and went through (11) Eunomia, while Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta continued to be denoted by symbols, but in the following year's BAJ, the numbering was changed so that Astraea was number (5).
The new system found popularity among astronomers, and since then, the final designation of a minor planet is a number indicating its order of discovery followed by a name.
Even after the adoption of this system, though, several more minor planets received symbols, including 28 Bellona the whip and lance of Mars' martial sister, 35 Leukothea an ancient lighthouse and 37 Fides a Latin cross ().
New numbers were assigned by the AN on receipt of a discovery announcement, and a permanent designation was then assigned once an orbit had been calculated for the new object.
At first, the provisional designation consisted of the year of discovery followed by a letter indicating the sequence of the discovery, but omitting the letter I (historically, sometimes J was omitted instead).
In 1893, though, increasing numbers of discoveries forced the revision of the system to use double letters instead, in the sequence AA, AB... AZ, BA and so on.
In 1916, the letters reached ZZ and, rather than starting a series of triple-letter designations, the double-letter series was restarted with .
The scheme used to get round this problem was rather clumsy and used a designation consisting of the year and a lower-case letter in a manner similar to the old provisional-designation scheme for comets.
For example, (note that there is a space between the year and the letter to distinguish this designation from the old-style comet designation 1915a, Mellish's first comet of 1915), 1917 b.
Temporary designations are custom designation given by an observer or discovering observatory prior to the assignment of a provisional designation by the MPC.
The listed temporary designations by observatory/observer use uppercase and lowercase letters (codice_11, codice_12), digits, numbers and years, as well Roman numerals (codice_13) and Greek letters (codice_14).
Originally, the year was followed by a space and then a Roman numeral (indicating the sequence of discovery) in most cases, but difficulties always arose when an object needed to be placed between previous discoveries.
For comets, the provisional designation consists of the year of discovery, a space, ONE letter (unlike the minor planets with two) indicating the half-month of discovery within that year (A=first half of January, B=second half of January, etc.
skipping I (to avoid confusion with the number 1 or the numeral I) and not reaching Z), and finally a number (not subscripted as with minor planets), indicating the sequence of discovery within the half-month.
Thus, the eighth comet discovered in the second half of March 2006 would be given the provisional designation 2006 F8, whilst the tenth comet of late March would be 2006 F10.
If a comet splits, its segments are given the same provisional designation with a suffixed letter A, B, C, ..., Z, a, b, c..., z.
The Roman numbering system arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), in part to spite his rival Simon Marius, who had proposed the names now adopted.
The provisional designation system for minor planet satellites, such as asteroid moons, follows that established for the satellites of the major planets.
Thus, the first observed moon of 87 Sylvia, discovered in 2001, was at first designated S/2001 (87) 1, later receiving its permanent designation of (87) Sylvia I Romulus.
Where more than one moon has been discovered, Roman numerals specify the discovery sequence, so that Sylvia's second moon is designated (87) Sylvia II Remus.
This means that 15,500 designations () within a half-month can be packed, which is a few times more than the designations assigned monthly in recent years.
Note that the survey designations are distinguished from provisional designations by having the letter codice_38 in the third character, which contains a decimal digit in provisional designations and permanent numbers.
The Minor Planet Center's website does not state how the packed form for minor planets will change when the numbering reaches 620,000 permanently numbered objects.
József baron Eötvös de Vásárosnamény (pronunciation: ['jɔ:ʒef 'øtvøʃ dɛ 'va:ʃa:rɔʃnɒme:ɲ]; 3 September 1813 – 2 February 1871) was a Hungarian writer and statesman, the son of Ignác baron Eötvös de Vásárosnamény and Anna von Lilien, who stemmed from an Erbsälzer family of Werl in Germany.
His father was the Baron Ignác Eötvös de Vásárosnamény (1786–1851), lord of the bedchamber, vice-chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary, and his mother was the Baroness Anne von der Lilien (1786–1858).
He received an excellent education and also spent many years in western Europe, assimilating the new ideas both literary and political, and making the acquaintance of the leaders of the Romantic school.
Baron Eötvös' brother in law was Pál Rosty de Barkóc (1830–1874), a Hungarian nobleman, photographer, explorer, who visited Texas, New Mexico, Mexico, Cuba and Venezuela between 1857 and 1859.
His other brother in law through his wife was dr. Ágoston Trefort (1817–1888) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Religion and Education, as he married the other Rosty sister, Ilona Rosty de Barkóc (1826-1870).
The February Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was the complete triumph of Eötvös's ideas, and he held the portfolio of public worship and instruction in the first Hungarian ministry.
Eötvös, Ferenc Deák and István Széchenyi represented the pacific, moderating influence in the council of ministers, but when the premier, Lajos Batthyány, resigned, Eötvös retired for a time to Munich during the War of Independence.
In the diets of 1861, 1865, and 1867 Eötvös was one of the most loyal followers of Deák, with whose policy he now completely associated himself.
On the formation of the Andrássy cabinet in February 1867 he once more accepted the portfolio of public worship and education, being the only one of the ministers of 1848 who thus returned to office.
That very year the diet passed his bill for the emancipation of the Jews; though his further efforts in the direction of religious liberty were less successful, owing to the opposition of the Catholics.
Perhaps his greatest achievement was the National Schools Act, the most complete system of education provided for Hungary since the days of Maria Theresa.
The core of the CMAC algorithm is a variation of CBC-MAC that Black and Rogaway proposed and analyzed under the name XCBC and submitted to NIST.
Tree-adjoining grammars are somewhat similar to context-free grammars, but the elementary unit of rewriting is the tree rather than the symbol.
Whereas context-free grammars have rules for rewriting symbols as strings of other symbols, tree-adjoining grammars have rules for rewriting the nodes of trees as other trees (see tree (graph theory) and tree (data structure)).
AGs handle exocentric properties of language in a natural and effective way, but do not have a good characterization of endocentric constructions; the converse is true of rewrite grammars, or phrase-structure grammar (PSG).
The center strings and adjunct strings can also be generated by a dependency grammar, avoiding the limitations of rewrite systems entirely.
Tree-adjoining grammars are more powerful (in terms of weak generative capacity) than context-free grammars, but less powerful than linear context-free rewriting systems, indexed or context-sensitive grammars.
These grammar classes are conjectured to be powerful enough to model natural languages while remaining efficiently parsable in the general case.
Vijay-Shanker and Weir (1994) demonstrate that linear indexed grammars, combinatory categorial grammar, tree-adjoining grammars, and head grammars are weakly equivalent formalisms, in that they all define the same string languages.
Lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars (LTAG) are a variant of TAG in which each elementary tree (initial or auxiliary) is associated with a lexical item.
A lexicalized grammar for English has been developed by the XTAG Research Group of the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania.
It was designed by Vincent Rijmen (co-creator of the Advanced Encryption Standard) and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto, who first described it in 2000.
It has also been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as part of the joint ISO/IEC 10118-3 international standard.
Whirlpool is a hash designed after the Square block cipher, and is considered to be in that family of block cipher functions.
The matrix is chosen such that the branch number (an important property when looking at resistance to differential cryptanalysis) is 9, which is maximal.
The key schedule is identical to the encryption itself, except the AddRoundKey function is replaced by an AddRoundConstant function that adds a predetermined constant in each round.
People incorporating Whirlpool will most likely use the most recent revision of Whirlpool; while there are no known security weaknesses in earlier versions of Whirlpool, the most recent revision has better hardware implementation efficiency characteristics, and is also likely to be more secure.
Even a small change in the message will (with an extremely high probability of formula_4) result in a different hash, which will usually look completely different just like two unrelated random numbers do.
The authors provide reference implementations of the Whirlpool algorithm, including a version written in C and a version written in Java.
Christopher Paul Mullin (born July 30, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player and former head coach of the St. John's Red Storm.
During his playing time at St. John's University, he was named Big East Player of the Year three times and was a member of the 1984 U.S. Men's Olympic Basketball team, Mullin was chosen as the seventh pick by the Golden State Warriors in the first round of the 1985 NBA draft.
On March 30, 2015, he was named 20th head coach of the St. John's University men's basketball team, his alma mater.
As a young player in New York, he studied the games of Knicks stars Walt Frazier and Earl Monroe while admiring Larry Bird and wearing #17 in honor of John Havlicek.
As a youth, he regularly traveled to the Bronx and Harlem, in predominately black neighborhoods, to play against the best basketball players in New York City.
Along with playing CYO basketball at St. Thomas Aquinas Parish, Mullin attended Lou Carnesecca's basketball camp with future Xaverian teammates Roger McCready, Danny Treacy, Jimmy Howard, Gerard Shepard, Mike O'Reilly, Joe Cannizzo and Pete Cannizzo.
He transferred as a junior to Xaverian High School and led them to a New York Class A state championship in 1981.
After signing, Mullin averaged 16.6 points per game in his freshman year (also setting the school freshman record for points scored).
In his subsequent three years for the Redmen (now known as the Red Storm), he was named Big East Player of the Year three times, named to the All-America team three times, played for the gold medal-winning 1984 Olympic team, and received the 1985 Wooden Award and USBWA College Player of the Year.
As a senior who averaged 19.8 points per game, Mullin led St. John's to the 1985 Final Four and its first #1 ranking since 1951.
He also holds the distinction of being one of only three players in history to win the Haggerty Award (given to the best college player in the New York City area) three times (1983–1985).
From 1983–1985, Mullin was also named the Big East conference's player of the year, making him the only men's basketball player to receive this award three different seasons.
In his second season, 1986–87, the Warriors advanced to the Western Conference semifinals under George Karl, where they lost to the eventual NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers.
A five-time All-Star, Mullin also won Olympic gold twice—as a member of the 1984 amateur team, and for the 1992 Dream Team.
During the 1992 Summer Olympics, Mullin, who started two games, averaged 12.9 points per game, shot 61.9% from the field and 53.8% from the three-point line.
The Warriors had a successful first season with Webber, but he and Nelson began to bicker over his use as a player.
This led Nelson to resign, and subsequent coaches saw Mullin as injury-prone and began to center the team around Latrell Sprewell.
Mullin was traded after the 1996–97 season to the Indiana Pacers for second-year center Erick Dampier and NBA journeyman Duane Ferrell.
In his first season with the Pacers, coached by Larry Bird, Mullin started all 82 games, averaged 11.3 points per game, and helped the Pacers to the Eastern Conference Finals, where they lost to the Chicago Bulls in seven games.
He had a career high in 3-point shots made (107) and led the NBA in free-throw percentage (.939) that season as well.
Bird began to phase Mullin out and give more time to Jalen Rose at small forward during his second season with the team.
As a member of the Indiana Pacers, Mullin, who was primarily a bench player at this time, appeared in three games of the 2000 NBA Finals against the Los Angeles Lakers and scored four points total.
According to Jim O'Brien, Mullin was similar to NBA legend Larry Bird because both players lacked speed, had a great outside shot and had the innate ability to put their defender off guard.
After his playing days were over, Mullin was hired by the Warriors as a special assistant, dealing with daily business operations.
As an advisor, Mullin's duties were not only to provide advice to Ranadive and D'Alessandro on player transactions, but to also supervise the organization's college and overseas scouting program.
Mullin joined his former television colleagues, Jeff Van Gundy and Mike Breen to announce the game against the Los Angeles Clippers in the season opener and Christmas finale.
In September 2019, after leaving St. John's University, Mullin was announced as a pregame and postgame studio analyst for Warriors games on NBC Sports Bay Area.
On April 4, 2011, Mullin was inducted again to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, this time for his individual career.
On March 19, 2012, Mullin's number 17 was retired by the Golden State Warriors becoming the sixth player in team history to have their jersey retired.
After Bol was badly injured in a taxi cab incident in 2004, Mullin and the Warriors offered to raise money for Bol's medical bills by organizing a fantasy camp.
In July 2014, Mullin was featured at a wheelchair basketball charity and opportunity event hosted in Puerto Rico by Max International.
Before the event, he was presented a jersey from Federacion de Baloncesto en Silla de Ruedas de Puerto Rico (FEBASIRU), the local wheelchair basketball team.
In this event, Mullin participated in a wheelchair basketball game for the very first time with Max International Associate Héctor Marcano Lopez and the local Puerto Rican wheelchair basketball team (FEBASIRU).
The same integral with finite limits is closely related to both the error function and the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.
In physics this type of integral appears frequently, for example, in quantum mechanics, to find the probability density of the ground state of the harmonic oscillator.
This integral is also used in the path integral formulation, to find the propagator of the harmonic oscillator, and in statistical mechanics, to find its partition function.
Although no elementary function exists for the error function, as can be proven by the Risch algorithm, the Gaussian integral can be solved analytically through the methods of multivariable calculus.
The Gaussian integral is encountered very often in physics and numerous generalizations of the integral are encountered in quantum field theory.
Since the exponential function is greater than 0 for all real numbers, it then follows that the integral taken over the square's incircle must be less than formula_20, and similarly the integral taken over the square's circumcircle must be greater than formula_20.
This form is useful for calculating expectations of some continuous probability distributions related to the normal distribution, such as the log-normal distribution, for example.
where the integral is understood to be over R. This fact is applied in the study of the multivariate normal distribution.
There is still the problem, though, that formula_45 is infinite and also, the functional determinant would also be infinite in general.
Slattery was born in Stonebridge, north London, into a working-class background, the fifth and last child of Irish immigrants, Michael and Margaret Slattery.
Slattery claims to have been abused by a priest at the age of eight, an event he believes contributed to his unstable character later in life, but never told his parents.
He was educated at Gunnersbury Boys' Grammar School in west London and won a scholarship to read Modern and Medieval Languages at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, specialising in French literature and Spanish poetry.
He has also been a regular guest with the Comedy Store Players, both at the Comedy Store in London and on tour.
Due to an extended period of illness, he undertook only very occasional television work from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s.
In May 2006 he was the first voice of the narrator in the 35th anniversary theatre production of Richard O'Brien's Rocky Horror Tribute Show, held at the Royal Court Theatre, just downstairs from the first ever showing of Rocky Horror.
In March 2019 he held a Comedy Gala in Hoylake to raise money for a charity close to his heart, Bipolar UK.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth: this allows a portion of oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs by flowing from the aorta, which has a higher pressure, to the pulmonary artery.
Symptoms are uncommon at birth and shortly thereafter, but later in the first year of life there is often the onset of an increased work of breathing and failure to gain weight at a normal rate.
If transposition of the great vessels is present in addition to a PDA, the PDA is not surgically closed since it is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.
In these cases, prostaglandins are used to keep the PDA open, and NSAIDs are not administered until surgical correction of the two defects is completed.
If the PDA is moderate or large, widened pulse pressure and bounding peripheral pulses are frequently present, reflecting increased left ventricular stroke volume and diastolic run-off of blood into the (initially lower-resistance) pulmonary vascular bed.
Echocardiography (in which sound waves are used to capture the motion of the heart) and associated Doppler studies are the primary methods of detecting PDA.
Electrocardiography (ECG), in which electrodes are used to record the electrical activity of the heart, is not particularly helpful as no specific rhythms or ECG patterns can be used to detect PDA.
A chest X-ray may be taken, which reveals overall heart size (as a reflection of the combined mass of the cardiac chambers) and the appearance of blood flow to the lungs.
Some evidence suggests that indomethacin administration on the first day of life to all preterm infants reduces the risk of developing a PDA and the complications associated with PDA.
Neonates without adverse symptoms may simply be monitored as outpatients, while symptomatic PDA can be treated with both surgical and non-surgical methods.
Surgically, the DA may be closed by ligation (though support in premature infants is mixed), either manually tied shut, or with intravascular coils or plugs that leads to formation of a thrombus in the DA.
Because prostaglandin E2 is responsible for keeping the DA open, NSAIDs (which can inhibit prostaglandin synthesis) such as indomethacin or a special form of ibuprofen have been used to initiate PDA closure.
Recent findings from a systematic review concluded that, for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants, ibuprofen is as effective as indomethacin.
A recent network meta-analysis that compared indomethacin, paracetamol and ibuprofen at different doses and administration schemes among them found that a high dose of oral ibuprofen may offer the highest likelihood of closure in preterm infants.
Keeping a ductus arteriosus patent is indicated in neonates born with concurrent heart malformations, such as transposition of the great arteries.
Drugs such as alprostadil, a PGE-1 analog, can be used to keep a PDA open until the primary defect is corrected surgically.
Since PDA is usually identified in infants, it is less common in adults, but it can have serious consequences, and is usually corrected surgically upon diagnosis.
The didactic poem addresses the subject of human happiness in connection with scientific knowledge, and combines metaphysical speculation with satirical attacks on ecclesiastical hypocrisy, and especially on the Popes and Martin Luther.
It was translated into several languages, but fell under the ban of the Inquisition on the ground of its rationalizing tendencies.
As a Christian humanist poet, he features strongly in the grammar-school education of 16th century England, translations including that of 1565 by Barnabe Googe.
Formerly Premier of the Western Cape and Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of South Africa, he was the leader of the New National Party from its inception on 8 September 1997 until its dissolution on 9 April 2005.
He was appointed Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism in the Thabo Mbeki administration after merging his party with the ruling African National Congress (ANC), despite the poor performance of the former in the 2004 General Election.
He was a national serviceman in the South African Defence Force (SADF) from 1978 to 1979 and would later attend the Rand Afrikaans University where he earned a Masters of Arts in Political Science and a B Proc.
His political career began during the late apartheid years at the Rand Afrikaans University as chairman of the Student Representative Council (SRC), the Afrikaanse Studentebond (ASB), and later of the Ruiterwag, the youth wing of the Broederbond.
Van Schalkwyk succeeded F. W. de Klerk as leader of the National Party in 1996, and reorganised it on 8 September 1997 as the New National Party in a bid to distance the party from its apartheid past.
A significant part of the white Afrikaner population views him as a weak politician who destroyed the old NP and merged its successor, the NNP, in a bid to save his own political skin.
In August 2004 it was announced that Van Schalkwyk would become a member of the ANC, and that the NNP would be disbanded in 2005 or 2006 at the latest.
This decision was finalized on 9 April 2005, when the party's federal committee overwhelmingly endorsed its regional committees' recommendation to disband the party as soon as municipal election results were finalised.
On 29 April 2004 Van Schalkwyk was appointed by President Thabo Mbeki as Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism for South Africa.
He held the position until May 2009, when a new Ministry of Water and Environmental Affairs was created and he became Minister of Tourism.
Van Schalkwyk became President of the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN) in June 2008, when South Africa assumed the presidency of AMCEN at the beginning of its 12th Session.
In March 2010, he was nominated by South African President Jacob Zuma to succeed Yvo de Boer as the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The vote did not go his way and on May 17, 2010 de Boer was succeeded by Costa Rican diplomat Christiana Figueres who had been involved with the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas since the early 1990s.
Lutheran Bible Institute of Seattle (LBI) was founded in 1944 as an extension of the Lutheran Bible Institute based in Minneapolis and became independent in 1959.
The college initially provided a biblical studies education and enrichment courses and in the 1970s began to add bachelor's degree programs in biblical studies, global missions, Christian education, and youth ministry.
In 1979, after a decade of sustained enrollment growth, the college purchased the former Providence Heights College campus in Issaquah, Washington, from the Sisters of Providence, with staff and students relocating to the new campus mid-school year.
Shortly thereafter LBI sold a significant portion of their unused property on the south side of the school to a developer.
LBI played a key role in the development of this property, transforming it into a thriving retirement community presently known as Providence Point in honor of the previous school.
In 1982, LBI became regionally accredited by the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges (now Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities).
Enrollment began to decline in the 1990s and faced with financial uncertainty, the college decided to sell the Providence Heights campus and relocate again, moving to downtown Everett, Washington, in 2008, where it remained until the college closed in 2016.
Dr. Kevin Bates (chair of the college's board of directors) released an open letter expressing a plan to end operation of the college.
The college's supporting organization, the Trinity Education Foundation, still exists today, providing scholarship support to students attending private Christian colleges in the Pacific Northwest.
Intercollegiate athletics programs offered at the time of the college's closure included men's and women's cross-country, golf, soccer, swimming and track and field.
Teams played as members of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and Division I members of the National Christian College Athletics Association (NCCAA).
The Trinity Lutheran College Campus Center in Everett, Washington, opened for fall semester 2008 and was located at 2802 Wetmore Ave., at the corner of California St. and Wetmore Ave.
The Campus Center had six floors devoted to classrooms, administrative offices, faculty offices, the library, a student store, and a commons area.
Student housing was provided in a nearby apartment complex and the YMCA, adjacent to the campus center, was available for student recreation use.
Edward Andrew Schultz (January 27, 1954 – July 5, 2018) was an American television and radio host, a political commentator, news anchor, and a sports broadcaster.
Schultz was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and grew up in the Larchmont area near Old Dominion University, the son of George Schultz, an aeronautical engineer, and Mary Schultz, an English teacher.
He made All-American and became the NAIA passing leader in 1977 and signed as a free agent with the Oakland Raiders.
After his football career, he worked as a sportscaster in Fargo, North Dakota, for two local stations, first KTHI-TV (now KVLY-TV) then on WDAY-TV beginning 1983.
Schultz anchored nightly sports broadcasts at WDAY-TV and starting in 1982 did radio play-by-play of North Dakota State University (NDSU) football games.
Management asked Schultz to take some time off after an incident in which Schultz exited the broadcast booth to look for a North Dakota State fan who threw a bottle of Southern Comfort through the booth window.
His political views became more liberal after he visited a Salvation Army cafeteria in 1998 and later took his radio show on the road riding in a 38-foot motorhome.
Schultz pondered a run as a Republican for the United States House of Representatives against Democratic Representative Earl Pomeroy in 1994, but decided against it after visiting with state Republican leaders.
In 2005, Schultz began a nationally syndicated radio show with a liberal-leaning perspective; the expansion was funded by the New York-based nonprofit called Democracy Radio.
Schultz's radio show moved to New York City in May 2009, a relocation brought on by his new television show at MSNBC.
MSNBC issued a statement saying that it had accepted Schultz's offer to take one week of unpaid leave over the matter.
On August 15, 2011, Schultz used an edited video clip of Texas Governor Rick Perry at a rally talking about the national debt crisis.
In April 2011, NBC News producer and sound engineer Michael Queen sued Schultz, claiming Schultz should have compensated him for helping him get a TV show on MSNBC.
On April 30, 2012, Washington federal district court Judge Beryl A. Howell issued a summary judgment that neither party owed anything to the other party.
On July 30, 2015, MSNBC President Phil Griffin announced that the series had been cancelled in an effort to transition to news reporting.
His platform was much more mobile and able to take his show to the streets among those people whom he supported in the labor movement.
In the late 1990s, Schultz stated that a series of events changed his political views from the right of the political spectrum to left of the spectrum.
Although he had criticized the homeless on his show, he said in his book that she helped to humanize them and he reportedly found that some of the people he had insulted were veterans, unable to get the psychiatric or medical services that might help them.
Schultz considered running for the Democratic-NPL party nomination for governor of North Dakota against incumbent Republican John Hoeven in 2004, but decided to continue his more lucrative career in radio.
Meitei is the most spoken Sino-Tibetan language of India and the most spoken language in Northeast India after Bengali and Assamese.
Meiteilon is taught as a subject up to the post-graduate level (Ph.D.) in some universities of India, apart from being a medium of instruction up to the undergraduate level in Manipur.
The Meitei language exhibits a degree of regional variation; however, in recent years the broadening of communication, as well as intermarriage, has caused the dialectal differences to become relatively insignificant.
Meitei proper is considered, of the three, to be the standard variety—and is viewed as more dynamic than the other two dialects.
Meitei has a dissimilatory process similar to Grassmann's law found in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit, though occurring on the second aspirate.
Pamheiba, the ruler of the Manipur Kingdom who introduced Hinduism, banned the use of the Meitei script and adopted the Bengali script.
Many Meitei documents were destroyed at the beginning of the 18th century during the reign of Hindu converted King Pamheiba, under the instigation of the Bengali Hindu missionary, Shantidas Gosai.
In 1976 at a writers conference, all the scholars finally agreed on a new version of the alphabet containing a number of additional letters to represent sounds not present in Meitei when the script was first developed.
Other vowels are written as independent letters or by using diacritical marks that are written above, below, before or after the consonant they belong to.
This spelling is used in the transcription of personal names and place names, and it is extensively used on the internet (Facebook, blogspots, etc.).
It is also found in academic publications, for the spelling of Meitei book titles and the like (examples can be seen in the References, below).
This spelling, on the whole, offers a transparent, unambiguous representation of the Meitei sound system, although the tones are usually not marked.
Agreement in nouns and pronouns is expressed to clarify singular and plural cases through the addition of the suffixes -khoi (for personal pronouns and human proper nouns) and -sing (for all other nouns).
When adjectives are used to be more clear, Meitei utilises separate words and does not add a suffix to the noun.
The culture involved with the Meitei language is rooted deeply with pride and tradition based on having respect to the community elders.
Young children who do not know about the tales that have been passed on from generation to generation are very rare.
Regarding the history behind the ancient use of proverbs that defines the way conversation is held with the Meitei language, it is a way of expressing and telling stories and even using modern slang with old proverbs to communicate between one another.
The Meitei language is known to be one of the oldest languages in northeastern India and has a lengthy 2000-year period of existence.
It was established by the Lummi Nation and is the only accredited Tribal College or University serving reservation communities of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
The NWIC began in 1973 as the Lummi Indian School of Aquaculture, which was established to provide local technicians for employment in Indian-owned and operated fish and shellfish hatcheries in the United States and Canada.
In 1983, the Lummi Nation chartered the Lummi Community College to fulfill the need for a more comprehensive post-secondary education for tribal members.
Years of expansion and dedication resulted in the college gaining accreditation as a four-year, baccalaureate degree-granting institution effective September 2008 by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.
Northwest Indian College is an accredited four-year college located on the Lummi Indian Reservation in Washington state, near the city of Bellingham.
In addition the NWIC's main campus in Lummi, the college has six sites located in Swinomish, Tulalip, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Muckleshoot, Nisqually, and Nez Perce.
NWIC's president since 2012 is Justin Guillory, a descendant of the Nez Perce Tribe from the Nez Perce Indian Reservation in Lapwai, Idaho.
NWIC is a member of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC), which is a community of Tribe- and federal-chartered institutions working to strengthen Tribal Nations and make a lasting difference in the lives of American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Slightly larger than the oboe, it has a less assertive and a more tranquil and serene tone, and is considered the mezzo-soprano of the oboe family, between the oboe (soprano) and the cor anglais, or English horn (alto).
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote many pieces—a concerto, many of his cantatas, and the movement of his Mass in B minor—for the instrument.
Modern makers of oboes d'amore include Howarth of London (instruments in African blackwood or cocobolo wood), F. Lorée in Paris (instruments in African blackwood or violetwood) and others such as French makers , Fossati and Marigaux, Italian maker Bulgheroni (who offer instruments in grenadilla, violetwood, cocobolo, rosewood, palisander, and cocus wood), Japanese maker Joseph and German makers Püchner, Mönnig and Ludwig Franck.
This cost, coupled with the limited call for the instrument, leads many oboists not to possess their own oboe d'amore, but to rent one when their work dictates the need.
For the same reason, however, second-hand oboes d'amore surface from time to time with very little wear, demonstrating they were well loved (and yet with very little reduction in price over a new instrument).
In some cases, however, such as Uncle Earl's Hog Dog Trials, along with bay dog events, catch dog events have been included in the past.
In these, specially bred and equipped dogs caught and held the hog by the ears before the animals were quickly separated by a person who hog-tied the pig.
In a typical match, a hog is released into a pen followed by one or two bay dogs that attempt to control or subdue it by baying: barking and confronting the hog until it stops.
Judges for these contests deduct points for improper behavior such as biting the hog or failing to bark, and award points for proper behaviors such as coming close to the front of the hog and maintaining steady eye contact with it.
Dog owners pay an entry fee, which may be divided among the owners of the winning dogs and the operator of the rodeo.
The control of the wild hog population is important because wild hogs are not an indigenous species and dominate and destroy the environment that all species depend upon.
Typically, a hunter with one or two dogs bays, or corners the hog and a catch dog catches (or catch dogs catch) the hog and the hunter comes in behind the dog(s), throws the hog down, and ties it.
The development of this training into a competitive spectator event is often mistakenly believed to have first taken place in Winnfield, Louisiana at an event known as Uncle Earl's Hog Dog Trials.
The trials were first organized in 1995 as part of the celebration of former governor and well-known hog hunter Earl K. Long's 100th birthday.
In these trials, a group of five judges scores the dogs' skill at baying the hog (cornering it and causing it to stand still).
This sport had been going on for decades before the Uncle Earl's annual meet legitimized and made the sport a state-recognized event.
Injuries are rare in these trials as the dogs are restrained from seriously hurting the hundred pound boars and the dogs always wear protective Kevlar vests or collars if they will be coming into physical contact with any pig.
A proponent of armed revolution for most of his life, he spent 15 years in English prisons prior to his role in the Easter Rising, and was executed after it was quashed.
Clarke was born at Hurst Castle, Milford-on-Sea, Hampshire, England, opposite the Isle of Wight, to Irish parents, Mary Palmer and James Clarke, who was a sergeant in the British Army.
In 1878, at the age of 20, he joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) following the visit to Dungannon by John Daly, and by 1880 he was centre (head) of the local IRB circle.
In August that year, after a member of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) had shot and killed a man during riots between the Orange Order and the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH) in Dungannon, Clarke and other IRB members attacked some RIC men in Irish Street.
British authorities were already following those involved, aided by informants, and Clarke was arrested in possession of dynamite, along with three others.
In 1896, he was one of five remaining Fenian prisoners in British jails and a series of public meetings in Ireland called for their release.
Following his release in 1898 he moved to Brooklyn in the United States where he married Kathleen Daly, 21 years his junior, whose uncle, John Daly, he had met in prison.
In 1906 the couple moved to a farm in Manorville, New York, and bought another there in 1907, shortly before returning to Ireland later that same year.
In Ireland he opened a tobacconist shop in Dublin and immersed himself in the IRB which was undergoing a substantial rejuvenation under the guidance of younger men such as Bulmer Hobson and Denis McCullough.
When the Irish Volunteers were formed in 1913, Clarke took a keen interest, but took no part in the organisation, knowing that as a felon and well-known Irish nationalist he would lend discredit to the Volunteers.
Nevertheless, with MacDermott, Hobson, and other IRB members such as Eamonn Ceannt taking important roles in the Volunteers, it was clear that the IRB would have substantial, if not total, control, (particularly after the co-option of Paidrig Pearse, already a leading member of the Volunteers, into the IRB at the end of 1913).
This proved largely to be the case until leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, John Redmond, demanded the Provisional Committee accept 25 additional members of the Party's choosing, giving IPP loyalists a majority stake.
When the old Fenian Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa died in 1915 Clarke used his funeral (and Pearse's graveside oration) to mobilise the Volunteers and heighten expectation of imminent action.
When an agreement was reached with James Connolly and the Irish Citizen Army in January 1916, Connolly was added to the committee, with Thomas MacDonagh added at the last minute in April.
It has been said that Clarke indeed would have been the declared President and Commander-in-chief, but he refused any military rank and such honours; these were given to Pearse, who was more well-known and respected on a national level.
Clarke was located at headquarters in the General Post Office (GPO) during the events of Easter Week, where rebel forces were largely composed of Irish Citizen Army members under the command of Connolly.
Though he held no formal military rank, Clarke was recognised by the garrison as one of the commanders, and was active throughout the week.
He and other revolutionaries were taken to the Rotunda where he was stripped of his clothing in front of the other prisoners.
National Hockey League goaltenders typically have a save percentage above .900, and National Lacrosse League goaltenders typically have a save percentage above .750.
After the birth of her son Louis XIV, Anne (previously childless after 23 years of marriage) showed her gratitude to the Virgin Mary by building a church on the land of a Benedictine convent.
Louis XIV himself is said to have laid the cornerstone for the in a ceremony that took place April 1, 1645, when he was seven years old.
The church of the Val-de-Grâce, designed by and , is considered by some as Paris's best example of baroque architecture (curving lines, elaborate ornamentation, and harmony of different elements).
The Benedictine nuns provided medical care for injured revolutionaries during the French Revolution, and thus the church at was spared much of the desecration and vandalism that plagued other, more famous Paris churches (for example, was looted and turned into a warehouse, and was used as a barn).
The hospital is accessible to military personnel in need of medical aid as well as to any person with health coverage under the French social security system.
The statue standing in the courtyard is that of (as sculpted by in 1843), who was Napoleon's personal surgeon and innovator of the concept of battlefield triage.
Tours of the museum and church are available for a small fee (being a military facility, the grounds are under military guard and tourists are escorted).
As a part of the French government's efforts to keep morale up during the war, a museum of reconstructive surgery was built in the hospital.
A look at the museum reveals that there is almost no doubt that the exhibits influenced the two artists and eventually the surrealist movement, which frequently deals with themes of dismemberment and disfigurement.
Beetlejuice is an animated television series that ran from September 9, 1989 to October 26, 1991 on ABC and on Fox from September 9, 1991 to December 6, 1991.
Loosely based on the American 1988 film of the same name, it was developed and executive-produced by the film's director, Tim Burton.
As in the film, Lydia could summon Beetlejuice out of the Neitherworld (or go there herself) by calling his name three times.
The animated series was a mega breakout hit for ABC in its initial seasons, and later became one of the first cartoon animated series to ever air on Fox's weekday afternoons children's lineup, though also remaining on ABC's Saturday morning schedules, making it one of the first animated shows to air concurrently on two different United States broadcast networks.
In the TV series, he and Lydia are best friends, Beetlejuice is made out to be more of a prankster, and Lydia is given a much quirkier, but positive demeanor.
These adventures could involve fun activities together, Lydia saving Beetlejuice from a bad situation, or scolding him for a money making scam.
This included trading cards by Dart, a sticker album and sticker/activity book by Panini, a jigsaw puzzle by Golden, a coloring book, a lunchbox and thermos set, Valentine's, a party centerpiece by Party Creations, a PC game by Hi Tech Expressions, a Game Boy game by Rare, and six PVC figures available with Burger King Kids' Meals.
Kenner, the company behind the film's action figures, had begun developing figures for the animated series, but the project did not come to fruition (at least one prototype for that ill-fated collection has been showcased online).
On November 5, 2012, it was announced that Time Life (under Warner Home Video license) had acquired the rights to the series and planned to release it on DVD in 2013.
It sets quotas for which member states are allowed to catch each type of fish, as well as encouraging the fishing industry by various market interventions.
Decisions are now made by the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament acting together under the co-decision procedure.
Article 38 of the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which created the European Communities (now European Union), stated that the common market shall extend to agriculture and trade in agricultural products.
Agricultural products in the treaty meaning the products of the soil, of stock-farming and of fisheries and products of first-stage processing directly related to these products.
The shortfall between fish catches and demand varies, but there is an EU trade deficit in processed fish products of €3 billion.
The combined EU fishing fleets land about 6 million tonnes of fish per year, of which about 700,000 tonnes are from UK waters.
The UK's share of the overall EU fishing catch in 2014 was 752,000 tonnes, the second largest catch of any country in the EU.
The main species in the EU are trout, salmon, mussels and oysters, but interest has been shown in sea bass, sea bream and turbot.
EU support covers similar areas to other land installations, but with additional concerns of technical and environmental problems caused by introducing major fish concentrations where farms are built.
The CFP sets quotas for how much of each species can be caught in a certain ICES Statistical Area or groups of areas on a yearly or two-yearly basis.
They consider proposals drawn up by the European Commission, which consults its own scientific advisers (Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee of Fisheries, STECF).
STECF generally provides its advice to the European Commission taking account of the work conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).
The Council of Ministers furthermore (when relevant) takes account of the views of non-EU fishing nations and the advice coming directly from ICES, which is independent of EU institutions.
The Basic Regulation sets the common principles for the EU management, under which each Member State can use different management approaches as licences, limited entry or individual fishing quota.
A minimum size for catch led to fishermen dumping dead fish that were too small to land legally, so a minimum mesh size was introduced, which let small fish escape to replenish stocks.
There has been an attempt to introduce new technologies to the sector, improve hygiene conditions, and also fund conversions of fish processing factories to other uses.
Money is available for advertising campaigns to encourage consumption of fish species that are not over-fished, or are unfamiliar to the public.
Their members must include a minimum percentage of vessels in that sector, not discriminate in terms of nationality or location of their members within the EU, and must comply with other EU regulations.
They are empowered to take produce out of the market if prices fall below levels set by the Council of Ministers and receive compensation from the EU.
Tuna fishermen have a scheme where surplus stock is not bought up, but fishermen receive direct compensation if their income falls.
The EU has negotiated agreements to recover some of these fishing grounds in return for alternative trading rights with the EU.
External trade is now affected by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), regulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Responsibility for fisheries in the Baltic sea was shared with the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBFC), to which the EU belonged until 1 January 2006.
The EU belongs to the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna, which also makes recommendations for Mediterranean tuna.
Enforcement is the responsibility of member states, but there is a community level inspection service to ensure that member states enforce the rules within their own country.
Inspectors may also check fish processing factories to ensure that all fish is documented and can be traced to its source.
EU inspectors check that hygiene and processing regulations in any country exporting to the EU are satisfactory and of an equal standard to controls within the EU.
The adoption of the EFF was not uncontested, in particular by environmental groups, as it includes the possibility to fund vessel modernisation and other measures, which might increase pressure on already overfished stocks.
This view is contradicted by historical evidence revealing that fishing stocks have been in chronic decline over the last century as a result of intensive trawl fishing.
According to scientific research published in 2010, the depletion of fishing stocks is a consequence of mismanagement long before the Common Fisheries Policy came into being, a statement illustrated by the fact that British catch rates have declined by 94% over the last 118 years.
The quotas is per species, but fishermen can only partly control what species they catch, so species with full quota get thrown.
The Common Fisheries Policy has been a major reason for countries with both substantial fish resources and small home markets, like Norway, Iceland, and Danish dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and some other dependencies, to stay outside the European Union.
A common criticism of the CFP is its centralised, top-down approach to management; although Member States are responsible for the policy's implementation and enforcement, members have given the European Commission sole competence in the creation of proposals and the making of decisions.
Allocation of national catch quotas to Member States is on a pre-determined basis—the so-called relative stability—giving each member state pre-determined percentages of the available fishing opportunities.
Although Member States hold some responsibilities, such as the distribution of quotas, it is argued that the EU retains too much authority over fisheries management.
Furthermore, critics maintain that the organisation is ill-suited to the task of fisheries management as it lacks sufficient understanding of fisheries, and is too far removed from the realities of the industry to set accurate TACs and quotas.
The command-and-control method characterised by the CFP is no longer deemed an effective form of fisheries management, and advocates of CFP reform consider a shift from traditional government to participatory third-order governance, incorporating the fisheries industry and Member States, to be vital to the success of the policy.
Consequently, it is suggested that the management of the CFP could be improved through the application of the theory of subsidiarity—the principle that political decisions should be handled at the lowest, least-centralised competent level.
The subsidiarity principle was introduced into EU policies as part of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty; however, it does not apply to areas such as the CFP over which the Community retains exclusive competence.
A partial devolution of authority, for example involving Member States in the decision-making process and delegating the day-to-day management of fisheries to industry-based organisations, could potentially facilitate the inclusion of industry concerns into the CFP, involving those directly affected by the policy in management decisions and creating to a CFP which encourages compliance and collaboration.
De-centralisation featured prominently in discussions related to the 2002 CFP reform, but the reform itself actually increased centralisation within the CFP, removing the right of Member States to block quota proposals and increasing the EU's role in enforcement.
This increasing monopoly and disregard for the wishes of the fisheries industry led to alienation of stakeholders and resulted in reduced compliance.
The failure of this increasingly centralised reform has proved to de-centralisation advocates that stakeholder participation in the governance process is crucial to the future success of fisheries governance.
Greater devolution within CFP decision-making may therefore silence the voice of the fisheries industry as it competes with other state, private and civil actors to whom authority is also granted.
Thus, although the subsidiarity principle can facilitate the government-to-governance transition advocated by many in relation to reform of the CFP, the participatory role of key stakeholders affected by the policy must be maximised to ensure the development of an effective and equitable Common Fisheries Policy.
The original six Common Market members realised that four countries applying to join the Common Market at that time (Britain, Ireland, Denmark including Greenland, and Norway) would control the richest fishing grounds in the world.
The original six therefore drew up Council Regulation 2141/70 giving all Members equal access to all fishing waters, even though the Treaty of Rome did not explicitly include fisheries in its agriculture chapter.
This was adopted on the morning of 30 June 1970, a few hours before the applications to join were officially received.
This ensured that the regulations became part of the acquis communautaire before the new members joined, obliging them to accept the regulation.
In its accession negotiations, the UK at first refused to accept the rules but by the end of 1971 the UK gave way and signed the Accession Treaty on 22 January 1972, thereby bringing into the CFP joint management an estimated four fifths of all the fish off Western Europe.
When the fisheries policy was originally set up the intention was to create a free trade area in fish and fish products with common rules.
It was agreed that fishermen from any state should have access to all waters, except Irish fishermen that were refused access to fish any waters east of 4° west, thus closing the North Sea to them.
In 1976 the EC extended its fishing waters from 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles ( to ) from the coast, in line with other international changes.
This now had four areas of activity: conservation of stocks, vessels and installations, market controls, and external agreements with other nations.
Although fishing could be managed by reducing the fleet size, available fish vary from year to year too much to make this sensible.
In February 2013 the European Parliament voted for reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, including measures to protect endangered stocks, and the ending of discards.
Little people have been part of the folklore of many cultures in human history, including Ireland, Greece, the Philippines, the Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand, Flores Island, Indonesia, and Native Americans.
Native legends often talk of the little people playing pranks on people, such as singing and then hiding when an inquisitive person searches for the music.
It is often said that the little people love children and would take them away from bad or abusive parents or if the child was without parents and left in the woods to fend for themselves.
Other legends say the little people if seen by an adult human would beg them not to say anything of their existence and would reward those who kept their word by helping them and their family out in times of need.
From tribe to tribe there are variations of what the little people's mannerisms were like, and whether they were good or evil may be different.
Some members of the Crow tribe consider the little people to be sacred ancestors and require leaving an offering for them upon entry to the area.
Ojibwe myths also bring up a creature known as the Memegwaans, or Memegwaanswag (Plural), which seems to be different from the more common Little People variation of Memegwesi.
However, it seems to have a soft spot for children and will often approach in the guise of a child any young person who seems upset, injured, scared or lonely and either protect them or keep them company until help arrives.
If an adult sees one, they will often cower on the ground, screaming and crying hysterically before vanishing in the blink of an eye.
The centre (or center in the United States) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice, away from the sideboards.
Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving.
Centres are responsible for keeping the flow of the game moving, and generally handle, and pass the puck more than any other position player.
Because of this, most good centres tend to score assists rather than goals because the play goes through them as they try to find open teammates.
Because the range of offensive styles teams like to use, exactly how centres are used in the offensive zone is as varied as the players themselves.
Generally the centre's role on offence is to move the offence through himself, setting up other players, and providing support for puck battles.
The first involves the team's best puck carrier (usually the centre) using his speed and quickness to cross the blue line with the puck and set up the offence.
The centre's role here is to provide support for the wingers if they become engaged in a puck battle, and give the battling winger an option to try to move the puck to, or to try to scoop up loose pucks as they become available.
When a centre's winger is being attacked along the boards, the centre can take position behind the net to receive the pressured winger's pass.
It is a very difficult position to defend because it forces the opposing defensemen to leave the front of the net.
From here the centre has clear passing lanes and minimizes the distance and difficulty of passes to nearly any part of the slot.
Many centres use their mobility and freedom to take advantage of the slot area, the area in between the faceoff dots, about 5 to 15 feet from the goal.
The slot area is notorious goalscoring territory because of its proximity to the net and the difficulty the opposing team has in defending it.
From here he can choose to shoot the puck on net, attempt to draw defenders away from the net by skating, or find open players closer to the goal cage.
Centres rarely set up directly in front of the net itself because in case of a turnover, it is much harder to get back in position defensively.
From here he may choose to pass back to a defenceman on the point, go down the boards to a winger behind the net, or drive the net itself hoping to draw defenders to him.
The disadvantage of this position is that it is easily defended, and the centre generally does not have much time to survey the ice looking for an open teammate.
The halfboard position here is made easier to play because the centre has more time to look over the ice surface, and is not pressured by the defenders as much.
Again the centre's role is to move the offence through himself/herself looking for passing lanes to open players or roving the slot area looking for deflections and rebounds.
The centre's role in the Neutral zone on the attacking side if he/she possesses the puck, is to bring the puck into the offensive zone by carrying or dumping the puck in.
Although any player may carry the puck into the zone, centres are most often counted on because of their speed, quickness, and ability to stickhandle.
If another player possesses the puck attacking into the zone, the centre's job is to provide support if the puck carrier needs to pass to another player across the blue line.
On dump ins, the centre's role is to provide support to the wingers as they battle for possession in the corners, and hunt for loose pucks.
If the defending team successfully does force a turnover, the centre is most often responsible for turning the direction of play around or receiving the first pass from a winger who has successfully forced a turnover.
When playing the trap, the centre typically spearheads the defence by placing himself/herself in the middle of the ice between the red line and blue line in defensive position.
Here the attacking player has very few options, and generally must retreat to a defenceman, whereupon the defending team can reset the trap.
This tactic was pioneered by the New Jersey Devils in the late 1990s and has been used extensively in the NHL and all levels of hockey since.
When employing the left wing lock strategy, the centre's role is typically to shadow the puck carrier or provide token pressure in the opposing team's zone to force them to try to pass the puck up ice into the lock.
This is a much older strategy and is less commonly employed at elite levels, however it was most recently used extensively by the 2006 Carolina Hurricanes on their way to their first Stanley Cup.
Again the centre must be able to use their skating ability to cover vast portions of the ice, and is responsible for the greatest percentage of ice in their own zone than of any position.
This is the most difficult area of the ice to defend because of its proximity to the net and its being situated in the middle of the ice.
Because there are no boards in the slot area, it is difficult to play physically on opposing forwards so centres must be adept at using their sticks to defend via poke checks, sweep checks, stick lifts, and other stickwork.
The perimeter is an advantageous position for the defence, the boards act as an extra defender and the defending team often will try to enclose a puck carrier between the boards and two or more defenders to force turnovers.
The centre's general responsibility is to provide support to other players that engage opposing puck carriers in puck battles on the boards by giving the primary defender (normally a defenceman in the defensive zone) an outlet to move the puck to if he/she is able to win the puck from the offensive player, though the centre does on occasion participate in these puck battles if they must.
In a basic fundamental break-out, the puck is controlled by the defence behind the net who then passes up the boards to a forward.
The winger, if undefended, may skate the puck out himself/herself, in which case the centre provides a passing option in the neutral zone, or if the winger is pressured, can make the break-out pass to the centre moving up the ice.
Here the centre can carry the puck out of the zone on their own, or look for the weak side winger coming across centre ice.
The centre can then carry the puck out himself/herself or try to pass to the streaking weakside winger up the ice.
The centre's role does not differ appreciably from any other forward, though they are almost always included on the penalty killing unit for the purpose of taking the faceoff.
Depending on what formation the penalty kill uses, the centre along with the other forward on the ice will play high side defence, trying to cut off passing lanes in the slot.
The centre is expected to play the deepest in the offensive zone but also the first of the forwards to backcheck.
Faceoff techniques and preferences vary widely from player to player depending on that player's skill at taking faceoffs, speed, strength, and agility.
Although faceoff techniques differ greatly, it is almost universal now that the centre reverses his lower hand and takes the faceoff on his backhand in order to gain more strength when pulling the puck.
Bigger, heavier, and stronger centres may prefer to use strength tactics such as tying up the opposing centre and winning the puck with his feet or overpowering the opponent by ripping the puck away using sheer strength.
Smaller, quicker centres may employ swiftness tactics such as trying to contact the puck before his opponent has a chance to get his stick in the dot, or the slide technique where he allows his opponent access to the dot easily so he can slide his stick underneath and pull the puck back out.
To this end, centres that may be deficient in other areas, especially offensively, can still have value to a team if they are excellent faceoff takers.
Journeyman NHL centre Yanic Perreault was offensively limited for much of his career, yet was able to survive in the NHL due to his excellence in the faceoff circle.
Faceoffs are often used as a measure of defensive effectiveness, and good faceoff takers play many minutes on the penalty kill and in late game lead situations where quickly gaining possession of the puck is of vital importance.
The lyrics describe a shooting on a beach, in which the Arab of the title is killed by the song's narrator; in Camus' story the protagonist, Meursault, shoots an Arab on a beach, overwhelmed by his surroundings.
Smith and Elektra requested that radio stations discontinue airing the song and saw the sticker as a compromise to prevent having to pull the album from sale entirely.
In the United Kingdom, varsity team or varsity club refers to the groups participating in varsity matches in sport or other competitions between rival universities.
In the United States and Canada, varsity teams are the principal athletic teams representing a college, university, high school, or other secondary school.
Groups of varsity sports teams are often organized into athletic conferences, which are groups of teams that regularly play each other during a given athletic season.
Because club sports cost more than other clubs, many club student-athletes must pay to play and also engage in team fundraising efforts to pay for facilities time, equipment, and other team expenses.
It was held for the first time in 1878, and was started as a Dutch equivalent for the Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge.
In South Africa and some other Commonwealth countries, varsity is often still used in place of the word university, in contexts unrelated to sporting activity.
In Autumn 1946, the Saab company began internal studies aimed at developing a replacement aircraft for the Saab B 18/S 18 as Sweden's standard attack aircraft.
In 1948, Saab was formally approached by the Swedish Government with a request to investigate the development of a turbojet-powered strike aircraft to replace a series of 1940s vintage attack, reconnaissance and night-fighter aircraft then in the Flygvapnet: the B 18/S 18, J 21R/A 21R and J 30 (de Havilland Mosquito).
However, both timescale and technical difficulties encountered during the development of the Dovern resulted in the Swedish government electing to substitute the intended Dovern engine with the license-built Rolls-Royce Avon Series 100 turbojet engine, designated RM.5, instead.
The single Avon engine provided the Saab A 32A with a thrust to weight ratio of about 0.3, and enabled the aircraft to be roughly 10,000lb heavier than the twin engine Saab 18 it replaced; the later-produced J 32B interceptor and S 32C reconnaissance variants received the upgraded and significantly more powerful RM6A Avon engine instead.
The design of the prototypes had initially featured both Fowler flaps and a leading edge slot; this slot was discarded as unnecessary after trials with the prototypes and never appeared on subsequent production aircraft.
Triangular fences were added near the wing roots during flight testing in order to improve airflow when the aircraft was being flown at a high angle of attack.
In Development 1955, the first production A 32A Lansen attack aircraft were delivered to the Swedish Air Force; deliveries of this variant proceeded through to mid 1958, at which point manufacturing activity switched to the other two variants of the Lansen, the J 32B and S 32C.
These two models differed substantially from the first, the J 32 B being fitted with a new engine for greater flight performance along with new navigation and fire control systems.
On 7 January 1957, the first J 32 B Lansen conducted its maiden flight; on 26 March 1957, the first S 32C Lansen performed its first flight.
The Saab 32 Lansen had a simple general arrangement, being one of the first aircraft in the world to be specifically developed to fly attack missions.
Among them were the engineer and aerodynamicist Hermann Behrbohm, who came to be part of Saab's core in the team around Saab 29 Tunnan and upcoming aircraft types like the The Saab 32 Lansen and Saab 35 Draken.
The aircraft could be armed with a total of four 20 mm cannon, as well as wing pylons for various calibers of rockets and assorted bombs.
The Lansen's nose also contained the Ericsson mapping and navigation radar, the forward antenna of which was housed in a large blister fairing underneath the fuselage, directly forward of the main landing gear; this radar worked in conjunction with the Rb 04C anti-ship missile, one of the earliest cruise missiles in western service.
On the reconnaissance variant of the Lansen, up to six cameras can be installed in the place of the four cannon, the camera bodies required the installation of chin blisters on the upper fuselage of the nose; the Lansen could also carry up to 12 M62 flash bombs for night photography.
The Lansen was the first aircraft on which every mould line had been a result of mathematical calculation, made possible via an early application of computer technology.
hydraulically-boosted ailerons and large Fowler flaps on the wings comprised the main flight control surfaces, as did the hydraulically-assisted elevators of the powered tailplane; a total of four airbrakes were also present on the sides of the rear fuselage.
Other wing features include one-section stall fences on the outer-thirds of the wing, a pitot tube on the right wingtip, and three underwing hardpoints.
To test the 35° sweepback design of the Lansen's wing, a half-scale wing was mounted on a Saab Safir, designated Saab 202 Safir.
The Lansen was powered by an afterburning Svenska Flygmotor RM5 turbojet engine, which was a license-produced Rolls-Royce Avon RA.3/Mk.109 engine manufactured by Svenska Flygmotor.
The two-man pilot and navigator crew were contained in a pressurised cockpit equipped with a single-piece clamshell canopy; a second windscreen separates the cockpit in between the pilot and navigator to protect the latter in case of inadvertent jettisoning of the canopy.
On 25 October 1953, a SAAB 32 Lansen attained a Mach number of at least 1.12 while in a shallow dive, exceeding the sound barrier.
In December 1955, deliveries of the A 32A attack variant formally commenced, allowing the swift retirement of the last piston-powered B 18 bomber from Swedish service shortly thereafter.
According to Bill Gunston and Peter Gilchrist, the A 32A proved to be extremely effective, both in terms of serviceability and the accuracy of its armaments.
Accidents destroyed a third of all Lansens during 25 years of service, killing 100 crew along with 7 civilians in Vikbo.
The accidents were due to a combination of technical faults, the aircraft not being ready for service, and training deficiencies in regards to flying at night and in adverse weather.
In the 1960 Vikbo crash, pilot Uno Magnusson's A 32A suffered an engine outage, and ejected before crashing into a farmhouse, killing all seven civilian occupants.
The crash was due to a known fault which occurred when a drop tank was fitted; the J32 B had been forbidden from using the drop tank.
The crash's causes were suppressed from the public by the Flygvapnet press office; as the victims were civilians, they were not included in official accident statistics.
The replacement of the A 32A formally began in June 1971, the more advanced Saab 37 Viggen being slowly used to take over its attack responsibilities.
As the type was gradually being replaced by more modern types, the Saab 32 continued to be operated into the late 1990s as target tugs and electronic warfare platforms, a total of 20 J 32Bs having been converted for these duties.
By 2010, at least two Lansens were still operational, having the sole task of taking high altitude air samples for research purposes in collaboration with the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; one of these collected volcanic ash samples in mid 2010.
Additionally, eight non flying airframes are on static display at various museums and (former) air force bases, including one in the United States.
In ice hockey, a forward is a player position on the ice whose primary responsibility is to score and assist goals.
Generally, the forwards try to stay in three different lanes, also known as thirds, of the ice going from goal to goal.
This strategy allows for a constant flow of the play, attempting to maintain the control of play by one team in the offensive zone.
The forwards can pass to the defence players playing at the blue line, thus freeing up the play and allowing either a shot from the point (blue line position where the defence stands) or a pass back to the offence.
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, dictionary order, alphabetical order or lexicographic(al) product) is a generalization of the way words are alphabetically ordered based on the alphabetical order of their component letters.
This generalization consists primarily in defining a total order on the sequences (often called strings in computer science) of elements of a finite totally ordered set, often called an alphabet.
One variant widely used in combinatorics orders subsets of a given finite set by assigning a total order to the finite set, and converting subsets into increasing sequences, to which the lexicographical order is applied.
Another generalization defines an order on a Cartesian product of partially ordered sets; this order is a total order if and only if the factors of the Cartesian product are totally ordered.
In book indexes, the alphabet is generally extended to all alphanumeric characters; it is the object of a specific convention whether a digit is considered as smaller or larger than a letter.
The lexicographic order is a total order on the sequences of elements of , often called words on , which is defined as follows.
Given two different sequences of the same length, and , the first one is smaller than the second one for the lexicographical order, if (for the order of ), for the first where and differ.
An important property of the lexicographical order on words of a fixed length on a finite alphabet is that it is a well-order; that is, every decreasing sequence of words is finite.
One of the drawbacks of the Roman numeral system is that it is not always immediately obvious which of two numbers is the smaller.
On the other hand, with the positional notation of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, comparing numbers is easy, because the natural order on nonnegative integers is the same as the variant shortlex of the lexicographic order.
In fact, with positional notation, a nonnegative integer is represented by a sequence of numerical digits, and an integer is larger than another one if either it has more digits (ignoring leading zeroes) or the number of digits is the same and the first digit which differs is larger.
For real numbers written in decimal notation, a slightly different variant of the lexicographical order is used: the parts on the left of the decimal point are compared as before; if they are equal, the parts at the right of the decimal point are compared with the lexicographical order.
Another example of a non-dictionary use of lexicographical ordering appears in the ISO 8601 standard for dates, which expresses a date as YYYY-MM-DD.
This formatting scheme has the advantage that the lexicographical order on sequences of characters that represent dates coincides with the chronological order: an earlier date is smaller in the lexicographical order than a later date.
That is, the elements of the monoid are the finite sequences (words) of elements of (including the empty sequence, of length 0), and the operation (multiplication) is the concatenation of words.
The lexicographical order defines an order on a Cartesian product of ordered sets, which is a total order when all these sets are themselves totally ordered.
As evaluating the lexicographical order of sequences compares only elements which have the same rank in the sequences, the lexicographical order extends to Cartesian products of ordered sets.
One can define similarly the lexicographic order on the Cartesian product of an infinite family of ordered sets, if the family is indexed by the nonnegative integers, or more generally by a well-ordered set.
The functions from a well-ordered set to a totally ordered set may be identified with sequences indexed by of elements of .
They can thus be ordered by the lexicographical order, and for two such functions and , the lexicographical order is thus determined by their values for the smallest such that .
This is not the case for the lexicographical order, as, with the lexicographical order, we have, for example, for every .
Let formula_1 be the free Abelian group of rank , whose elements are sequences of integers, and operation is the addition.
The lexicographical ordering may also be used to characterize all group orders on formula_5 In fact, linear forms with real coefficients, define a map from formula_1 into formula_7 which is injective if the forms are linearly independent (it may be also injective if the forms are dependent, see below).
The lexicographic order on the image of this map induces a group order on formula_5 Robbiano's theorem is that every group order may be obtained in this way.
The colexicographic or colex order is a variant of the lexicographical order that is obtained by reading finite sequences from the right to the left instead of reading them from the left to the right.
The main property of the colexicographical order for increasing sequences of a given length is that every initial segment is finite.
In other words, the colexicographical order for increasing sequences of a given length induces an order isomorphism with the natural numbers, and allows enumerating these sequences.
Many of the main algorithms for multivariate polynomials are related with Gröbner bases, concept that requires the choice of a monomial order, that is a total order, which is compatible with the monoid structure of the monomials.
If is the number of variables, every monomial order is thus the restriction to formula_18 of a monomial order of formula_1 (see above formula_1, for a classification).
This order is not widely used, as either the lexicographical order or the degree reverse lexicographical order have generally better properties.
For this ordering, the monomials of degree one have the same order as the corresponding indeterminates (this would not be the case if the reverse lexicographical order would be used).
A useful property of the degree reverse lexicographical order is that a homogeneous polynomial is a multiple of the least indeterminate if and only if its leading monomial (its greater monomial) is a multiple of this least indeterminate.
Formed in 1950 by Frank X. McNamara, Ralph Schneider, Matty Simmons, and Alfred S. Bloomingdale, it was the first independent payment card company in the world, and it established the concept of a self-sufficient company producing credit cards for travel and entertainment.
His wife paid the tab, and McNamara thought of a multipurpose charge card as a way to avoid similar embarrassments in the future.
He discussed the idea with the restaurant owner at the table, and the following day with his lawyer Ralph Schneider and friend Alfred Bloomingdale.
McNamara returned to the same restaurant the following February, in 1950, and paid for his meal using a cardboard charge card and a signature.
Various versions of the story differ about whether it was a lunch or dinner at which McNamara forgot his wallet, and whether the bill was paid on loan or McNamara waited for his wife to drive his wallet to him.
Alfred Bloomingdale joined briefly, then started a competing venture in California before merging his California-based Dine and Sign with Diners Club.
When the card was first introduced, Diners Club listed 27 participating restaurants, and 200 of the founders's friends and acquaintances used it.
Diners Club's monopoly was short-lived, as American Express and Carte Blanche (which later partnered with Diners Club) began to compete with Diners Club in the travel and entertainment (T&E) card market.
American Express now dominates the charge card sector, providing millions of customers with cards that require the monthly balance to be paid in full.
Towards the end of the 1960s, Diners Club also faced competition from banks that issued revolving credit cards through Bank of America's BankAmericard (later renamed Visa), and Interbank Master Charge (later renamed MasterCard).
Diners Club began early on to allow franchises of the Diners Club name, at first in Europe and later throughout the world, for many years eclipsing the BankAmericard or Interbank Master Charge networks abroad.
better known publicly as Amoco, also issued, for a time, its own co-branded Diners Club cards called American Torch Club (later renamed Amoco Torch Club), and Sun Oil Company issued its version called Sun Diners Club Card starting in 1977.
In 1981, Citibank, a unit of Citigroup, acquired Diners Club International, the franchisor that holds rights to the Diners Club trademark, and many of the largest franchises worldwide.
Diners Club cards issued in the United States and Canada then featured a MasterCard logo and 16-digit account number on the front, and could be used wherever MasterCards were accepted.
Cards from other countries continued to bear a 14-digit account number on the front, with the MasterCard logo on the back.
However, since the takeover of Diners Club International by Discover Financial Services, these cards have had the Discover logo on the back.
The 1960s- and 1970s-era Carte Blanche cards were considered more prestigious worldwide than their competition, the American Express and Diners Club cards, though its small cardmember base hindered its success.
In 1981, Citicorp acquired the Diners Club card, and by the mid-1990s the Carte Blanche card was being phased out in favor of Diners Club.
Diners Club requires payment from individual cardholders in full within 30 days; corporate accounts can pay within 60 days without penalty.
At the time, BMO said the Diners Club fits well with its existing commercial card business, adding that commercial cards are one of the fastest growing segments in the credit card business.
Under the agreement, Russian Standard Bank will process settlement transactions of other banks acting as acquirers of Diners Club in Russia.
In a transaction that closed on August 6, 2010, Citibank sold the Switzerland and Germany franchises to a private investment group headed by Anthony J. Helbling.
On August 7, 2012, Citigroup, Inc. announced the sale of its Diners Club franchise in the United Kingdom and Ireland to Affiniture Cards Ltd., a private investor group.
In 2013, Tomaž Lovše, who owned Diners Club Slovenia, was one of three people investigated in Slovenia regarding unpaid debts that his franchise owed to merchants.
In May, the Central Bank of Slovenia revoked Diners Club Slovenia's license for payment services, which meant 80,000 local members could not use their card.
Diners Club International transferred the franchise to a subsidiary of Austria's Erste Bank group, Erste Card Club, and agreed to repay the franchise's debt to merchants.
Also used are a number of markers which are black on one side and white on the other (similar to Reversi pieces).
Since this is the goal of the game, getting closer to winning necessitates weakening oneself, which considerably complicates strategy as a move which brings one closer to winning the game may end up being a very poor move.
It is possible, and not unheard of, to make a move which causes your opponent to have a line of five markers in a row.
When more than one line is made in the same move, the player who just moved resolves her own lines (if any) first, and then the other player resolves his lines (if any) before making his next move.
Lines are resolved one at a time, so if a single marker is shared by two lines, only one of those lines may be resolved (but the player chooses which).
If all of the markers are placed on the board before either player has won, the game ends, with the winner being the player who has removed more rings.
Pioneer Day is an official holiday celebrated on July 24 in the American state of Utah, with some celebrations taking place in regions of surrounding states originally settled by Mormon pioneers.
It commemorates the entry of Brigham Young and the first group of Mormon pioneers into the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, where the Latter-day Saints settled after being forced from Nauvoo, Illinois, and other locations in the eastern United States.
In addition to being an official holiday in Utah, Pioneer Day is considered a special occasion by many members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
On Pioneer Day, some Latter-day Saints walk portions of the Mormon Trail or reenact entering the Salt Lake Valley by handcart.
Latter-day Saints throughout the United States and around the world may celebrate July 24 in remembrance of the LDS Church's pioneer era, with songs, dances, potlucks, and pioneer related activities.
While the holiday has strong links to the LDS Church, it is officially a celebration for everyone, regardless of faith and nationality, who emigrated to the Salt Lake Valley during the pioneer era, which is generally considered to have ended with the 1869 arrival of the transcontinental railroad.
Notable non-LDS American pioneers from this period include Episcopal Bishop Daniel S. Tuttle, who was responsible for Utah's first non-Mormon schools (Rowland Hall-St. Mark's) and first public hospital (St. Mark's) in the late 19th century.
The Intertribal Powwow at Liberty Park in Salt Lake City honors the cultural heritage and contributions of the area's Native Americans, helping Utahns to gain a deeper understanding of the region's history.
The earliest precursor to Pioneer Day celebrations in Utah occurred on July 24, 1849, when the Nauvoo Brass Band led a commemoration of the second anniversary of the Latter-day Saints entering the Salt Lake Valley.
The first celebration of Pioneer Day in 1857 was interrupted with news of the approach of Johnston's Army, heralding the beginning of the Utah War.
Once President Abraham Lincoln initiated a hands-off policy on Utah in 1862 during the American Civil War Pioneer Day was once again observed, and expanded into the surrounding areas as the Mormon Corridor spread throughout the Intermountain West.
In 1880, Latter-day Saints commemorated the Golden Jubilee of the church's formal organization in 1830; tens of thousands of people in hundreds of communities participated in enthusiastic celebrations.
In the years that followed, federal enforcement efforts of anti-polygamy laws (including the 1882 Edmunds Act) resulted in greatly subdued celebrations.
The 1886 commemoration was particularly notable for its mourning theme, with the Salt Lake Tabernacle decorated in black instead of the usually colorful bunting, and the eulogizing of Latter-day Saints who were in hiding or imprisoned for polygamy offenses.
By 1897, the celebration included not only the 50th anniversary of the initial arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, but also the end of the polygamy issue, the completion of the Salt Lake Temple, and statehood for Utah.
One writer indicated that the 1947 celebrations seemed to incorporate the entire year, with July 24 only being an apex to the events.
The holiday generates a great deal of road traffic; Utah Department of Public Safety statistics states Pioneer Day has the second highest holiday traffic fatality rate in Utah, with the earlier July 4 Independence Day having the highest rate.
He's the founder and executive producer of a fast-growing production company, Broadcast News Networks (BNN), that's challenging some of the most cherished assumptions behind TV news: what gets covered, who gets on camera, how programs get created.
Glenn Bookspan (Rockville Centre, NY), Earnie Salmon (Concord, CA), and Nathan Bett (Marquette, MI) documented their struggles with the powers-that-be over their right to skate in peace.
Jared and Tom disobeyed school orders and took advantage of their first amendment rights by putting out a new issue of the paper, with no further punishment from the administration.
The cruisers claim it's their only harmless outlet for fun; while the police say it's a nuisance and a traffic impediment.
A group of urban homesteaders were evicted from their apartments on New York City's East 13th Street on July 4, 1995 by city police in full riot gear.
Annie, a squatter, tells her tale of injustice and terror at the hands of the officials and describes the fear she now lives in, waiting for the next police raid.
Adam Ford of Boston, Massachusetts went to college for five years and got several degrees before realizing he didn’t want to live in the corporate world.
His chosen career as a bike messenger brought him to Toronto, Ontario for the world championship bike messenger Olympics, where Adam came in tenth place.
Such was the case with dozens of students who called us to lodge complaints against their schools’ newly imposed dress codes.
Jake Easton works for the Princeton Review, teaching high school students how to score better on the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or S.A.T.
He feels that the test is a biased survey of knowledge, and does not appropriately reflect the intelligence or potential for students.
In his segments Jake shows why the test doesn’t work, and gives tips on how to most effectively beat each section of the test.
Nicole (who wants her last name and town to remain anonymous) is in direct violation of California law, because she owns a ferret.
In this piece Nicole shows us what ferrets are like as pets, and speaks to several other members of Ferrets Anonymous, a collective of ferret owners who are banding together to fight the power.
She spends most of her time riding for pleasure or in competitions around her adopted hometown of West Palm Beach, Florida.
Her gripe is with people who have a general disregard for water safety, who are spoiling all the fun for responsible water sport enthusiasts.
Brandon Kennedy and Brian White were sitting around bored four years ago, and came up with a great idea — freestyle walking.
Kate Hewitt had to face the harsh realities of cancer when she was diagnosed with Hodgkin's Disease at the age of fifteen.
Kate talks about the way her attitude changed due to her involvement in a group for teens with cancer called Some of My Best Friends Are Bald.
The Italian student got involved with a foreign exchange program so he could experience the metropolitan glory of an American city for a year.
Scotty Carnahan has cerebral palsy, and he's also a paraplegic due to an auto accident he was in several years ago.
She feels passionate about recording their way of life before it is phased out by the encroaching Westernization forced upon them by the Indonesian government.
She shows us how remarkably calm the labor process is for the mothers, as well as how much more the partner can participate in the process.
Well, Crystal Nordberg and some of her friends are taking a defensive stance by swearing their celibacy until marriage through the Christian-values True Love Waits organization.
When a band of Japanese snow monkeys were brought to Texas a quarter of a century ago, many people were skeptical about their chances for survival.
In addition, poachers have killed several of the monkeys, forcing their guardians to raise funds to move the monkeys to a safer environment.
Mr. Las Vegas, Wayne Newton pitched in with a benefit concert, and the dedicated group at the South Texas Primate Observatory have been working hard to pull together the remaining money.
Debbie Caselton of Portland, Oregon faces hatred and attempts at discrimination on a regular basis as a result of the ultra-right-wing Oregon Citizens Alliance.
As a lesbian mother of a four year old child, Debbie vehemently disagrees and shows us why in this emotionally-charged personal account of her struggle for equality.
Many youths (and their parents) believe this is an infringement on their rights as citizens, but government officials argue that it's a necessary crime reduction technique.
We sent cameras to three decidedly different cities — San Angelo, TX, Anchorage, AK, and Birmingham, AL — to allow some young people to sound off on the issue.
Firearms aficionado and bail enforcement officer Andy Malik contacted us to voice his views on the topic, as well as to reinforce the issues of safety and responsibility that go hand-in-hand with gun ownership.
Katie used our camera as a video diary, detailing her daily struggle to deal with the constant ups and downs of clinical depression.
This is the question posed by follicle enthusiast Tracy Lawton, who sought out her fellow high schoolers’ opinions on female grooming habits, particularly her own proclivity for body hair.
Several students brought our cameras inside their school walls to document their various perspectives on what the schools are doing to combat these problems.
He claims this is nothing more than a case of harassment, since most of the clubgoers are gay, lesbian or bisexual youths.
In this segment, Patrick and his friends try to show us what makes this club such a unique place to call home for those young people who say they have no other place to go.
Viewers in New York City, Houston and San Francisco took cameras to show us how they are using their own skills and resources to help battle the ongoing problem of homelessness in their community.
Through outreach centers, bagged lunches, and even leftover bakery products, these good samaritans are trying to make a difference in the lives of those who are less fortunate.
Educator Susan Bass takes the camera inside her classroom at Grand View Alternative School, which includes both human and canine students.
See, her father has been an avid collector of bedpans & urinals for years; and what started out as a joke a generation ago has now become a family affair.
This piece illustrates the diversity of non-traditional employment, from BB King's guitar manufacturer to the friendly skies, and right to your very own trash can.
Ray's father is the caretaker of the local cemetery, and the family lives smack dab in the middle of the hallowed grounds.
You see, Donnell is a clerk at an adult video and novelty store and was arrested for selling genital stimulators (a.k.a.
Danielle's Unfiltered segment details her struggle, her mother's tale of Danielle's near-death experience as the result of an overdose, and allows us to see into the minds of two of her friends who are still using the drug, despite their better judgment.
Before the car accident that paralyzed her below the waist, Sunday Garcia says she never really gave any thought or consideration to the difficulties people with disabilities face in their daily lives.
However, now that her wheelchair is a permanent extension of her body, she's learned the hard way that even if we don’t see anyone in a handicapped bathroom or parking space, there's a very good reason to leave them vacant for those who really need them.
There's something for everyone in Hollywood, but Steve Fitzgerald contacted us to document the subculture he's immersed himself in: the classic hot rod scene.
Contrary to popular belief, the love a classic automobile is not limited to wealthy collectors, but includes numerous young people who lovingly detail and restore their own classic cars.
In this segment, Fitzgerald introduces us to the basics of the car culture, including the social scene that's been created around their sweet rides.
In the year since our Unfiltered segment on the anti-drug and alcohol Straight Edge movement first aired, we’ve heard a great deal of response, from both supporters and detractors of the movement.
Some people claimed that while our piece played up the positive aspects of the movement, it left out another side of the story.
Ryan Mills contacted us to share a different tale: one of extremely violent straight edgers, who attacked and slashed his friend Rich when he lit a joint at a concert.
Eighteen year-old Dean called to give us a peek into the thoughts of someone with a mind set most of us haven’t experienced; a world saturated with panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive behavior and most of all, agoraphobia.
As a result of Dean's agoraphobia, he has only left the solitude of his house a few times in the past four years, and wanted to show us that despite his long-term struggle, he felt it was important to show others like him that they’re not alone.
We’ve gotten countless calls over the past few months decrying the bad rap that raves have been getting in the media.
While many people believe they’re nothing but drug-infested bacchanals with a beat, those who actively participate in them insist that they’re just feel-good dance parties built around the exploding electronic music scene.
Mike Dowis contacted us to detail the struggle he and some of his colleagues have undertaken to decriminalize their line of work in their home state.
You see, the state of South Carolina made tattooing illegal in the 1960s as a result of a hepatitis epidemic, and that law still remains on the books even though modern sterilization methods make the tattoo application process at least as safe as piercing.
He and the other members of South Carolina Advocates for Safe Tattooing took this opportunity to make the rest of the country aware of their legislative plight.
As you can probably guess, it's not easy to be a parent, now try to imagine how hard it would be if you were a sixteen-year-old high school student.
Karly Hart called us so she could show other teens how traumatic and exhausting the experience can be; and how the parenting process voids out any remaining sense of freedom and youthful abandon.
We sent cameras to each of them so we could get opposite perspectives on problematic size-related issues such as dating, shopping for clothes, and fitting in.
A 22 year old native of Wellsville, Ohio, his drinking began as typical youthful experimentation, but has progressed into a debilitating addiction.
In this segment, he brings the viewer inside his painful world of substance abuse, and through the cathartic process of sharing his grim lifestyle, he gains insight on the nature of his condition.
They are on the verge of being signed by a Christian record label, and recently performed at Cornerstone, an annual Christian music festival.
They practice techniques on each other's stomachs, drawing blood even, in an effort to demonstrate how an ordinary deck of cards can be used as a powerful defense weapon.
There, she was introduced to an important side of Shawn's life — that he is living with HIV, a virus that he contracted at the age of eleven.
Their feelings for each other transcend both the stereotypes surrounding HIV and the great distance separating them, and they soon fall very much in love.
This segment documents their complicated relationship, as Shawn proposes on-line, and then travels to Brazil to personally escort his new fiancé back to the States, where they prepare to forge a life together.
Socially and politically the status of Sylheti is disputed with some considering it to be a Bengali dialect, while others viewing it as a related yet separate language.
There are significant differences in grammar and pronunciation as well as a somewhat one-directional intelligibility between Sylheti and Bengali, with Bengali speakers being less likely to understand the Sylheti language.
Most Sylhetis are at least bilingual to some degree, as Standard Bengali is taught at all levels of education in Bangladesh.
Sylhet was part of the ancient kingdom of Kamarupa, and Sylheti shares many common features with Assamese, including a larger set of classifiers and a larger set of fricatives than other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages.
Considering the unique linguistic properties such as phoneme inventory, allophony, and inflectional morphology in particular and lexicon in general, Sylheti is regarded as a separate language (Grierson 1928, Chatterjee 1939, Gordon 2005).
The Sylheti language was formerly written using its own script, Sylheti Nagari, which, although largely replaced with the Eastern Nagari script in recent times, is beginning to experience a revival in use.
It has been claimed (without providing statistical data and degrees of variation tolerance) that Sylheti shares 70% to 80% of its lexicon with Standard Bengali, despite pronunciation differences, which is a common situation between many related languages, given pronunciation differences.
The Sylheti language is native to the Greater Sylhet region, which comprises the present-day Sylhet Division of Bangladesh as well as the 3 districts of the Barak Valley of Assam in India.
A significant amount of Sylheti migration to the United Kingdom and the United States from the 20th century has made Sylheti one of the most spoken languages of the Bangladeshi diaspora.
The region of Sylhet became a part of the Muslim Bengal in 1303 during the Conquest of Sylhet led by Shamsuddin Firoz Shah.
In the 19th century, the British tea-planters in the area referred to the vernacular spoken in Surma and Barak Valleys as Sylheti.
In 1868, a short glossary of Sylheti terms were written up and compared to standard Bengali to allow ease in understanding the dialect.
The language was primarily written in the Eastern Nagari script however an alternative script was also founded in the Sylhet region known as Sylheti Nagari.
After returning home in the 1870a, he designed a woodblock type for Sylheti Nagari and founded the Islamia Press in Sylhet town.
The British Bangladeshis living in England were mainly of Sylheti origin, and they started a campaign during the mid-1970s to mid-1980s to recognise Sylheti as a language in its own right.
During the mid-1970s, when the first mother-tongue classes were established for Bangladeshis by community activists, the classes were given in standard Bengali rather than the Sylheti dialect which triggered the campaign.
During the 1980s, a recognition campaign for Sylheti took place in the area of Spitalfields in the East End of London.
Nonetheless, Sylheti remains very widespread as a domestic language in working-class as well as upper-class Sylheti households in the United Kingdom.
Sylheti is distinguished by its tonal characteristics and a wide range of fricative consonants corresponding to aspirated consonants in closely related languages and dialects such as Bengali; a lack of the breathy voiced stops; word-final stress; and a relatively large set of loanwords from Assamese, Standard Bengali and other Bengali dialects.
There are two types of tonal contrasts in Sylheti: the emergence of high tone in the vowels following the loss of aspiration, and a low tone elsewhere.
Sylheti continues to have a long history of coexisting with other Tibeto-Burman languages such as various dialects of Kokborok, Reang which are tonal in nature.
Even though there is no clear evidence of direct borrowing of lexical items from those tonal languages into Sylheti, there is still a possibility that the emergence of Sylheti tones is due to an areal feature as the indigenous speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages by and large use Sylheti as a common medium for interaction.
A notable characteristic of spoken Sylheti is the correspondence of the and , pronounced as a voiceless velar fricative to the or of Bengali and voiceless glottal fricative to the /x/ of Assamese respectively.
Winger, in the game of ice hockey, is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area.
Nowadays, there are different types of wingers in the game — out-and-out goal scorers, checkers who disrupt the opponents, and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners.
Wingers should be playing high in the zone, and should always be vigilant for a breakout pass or a chance to chip the puck past the blue line.
Once the puck is controlled by the opposing team in the defensive zone, however, wingers are responsible for covering the defenceman on their side of the ice.
Prior to the puck being dropped for a face-off, players other than those taking the face-off must not make any physical contact with players on the opposite team, nor enter the face-off circle (where marked).
After the puck is dropped, it is essential for wingers to engage the opposing players to prevent them from obtaining possession of the puck.
The National Federation Party is a Fijian political party founded by A.D. Patel in November 1968, as a merger of the Federation Party and the National Democratic Party.
Though it claimed to represent all Fiji Islanders, it was supported, in practice, almost exclusively by Indo-Fijians whose ancestors had come to Fiji, mostly as indentured labourers, between 1879 and 1916.
However, in the 2018 General elections the party recorded a considerable change in its support base as a consequent of the inclusion of more indigenous Fijian candidates.
The formation of the Federation Party was a direct consequence of the dispute between cane farmers and the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) in 1960 regarding the new cane contract.
It contested the 1963 Legislative Council election under the banner of Citizens Federation, which was reconstituted as the Federation Party on 21 June 1964, with A.D. Patel as President and Sidiq Koya as Vice-president.
The merger took place in time for the party to participate in the 1965 constitutional conference which was called to map out a path towards independence from the United Kingdom.
The British Government decided to introduce cross-voting as a compromise between the Fijian and European delegates on one side and the Indians on the other; nine of the 36 seats on the Legislative Council would be elected by universal suffrage, but allocated by ethnicity, divided equally among Fijians, Indians, and general electors (Caucasians, Chinese, and other minorities]]).
The Legislative Council was enlarged to 36 members, consisting of 14 Fijians (9 elected on communal roll, 3 on cross-voting roll and two nominated by the Great Council of Chiefs), 12 Indians (9 elected on communal roll and 3 on cross-voting roll) and 10 Europeans (7 elected on communal roll and 3 on cross-voting roll).
These were the establishment of Public Service Commission, Police Service Commission and Judicial and Legal Services Commission and a Bill of Rights.
The outcome of the constitutional conference was a major issue during the election, which was the first election in Fiji contested on Party lines.
The Federation Party was expected to win at least the three cross-voting seats in the western division because of its predominantly Indian population but managed to win only the 9 Indian communal seats.
The Alliance Party won 22 seats but the three independents and the two Council of Chiefs nominees joined it to give it a total strength of 27.
Ethnic tensions escalated following the adoption of responsible government in 1967, when Patel's arch-rival, the Lauan chief Ratu Kamisese Mara was appointed Chief Minister on 20 September.
In protest at the new government's refusal to call a second constitutional conference, Patel led the nine Federation Party legislators in a mass walkout in September 1967.
There were demonstrations by ethnic Fijians and calls to not renew native land leases and extreme elements called for Indians to be deported from Fiji.
Apisai Tora and Isikeli Nadalo, both indigenous Fijians, were leading figures in the NDP, and the merger brought well-known Fijians into the party for the first time.
The attempt to position itself as a multi-racial party failed to translate into significant electoral support in the indigenous Fijian community.
It did, however, manage to elect several Fijians to what became the House of Representatives after independence in 1970, owing to cross-voting in the renamed national constituencies.
Their original demand for a universal franchise threatened to stall the independence process, but at a conference in London in April 1970, Sidiq Koya, eventually negotiated a compromise with Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, the leader of the Alliance Party, the main ethnic Fijian-dominated party.
With the leaders of both major ethnic groups working together for the first time in Fiji's history, the transition to independence was peaceful and the euphoria of independence continued for some time.
Sidiq Koya travelled with the Prime Minister to India and the United Nations and there was talk of a coalition government.
There were those within the National Federation Party (NFP) who were not happy with the close relationship between Sidiq Koya and Ratu Kamisese Mara, the most notable of whom was R. D. Patel, but for the time being dissent was not being expressed openly.
The first general election since independence was held in May 1972 without the ethnic tension characteristic of the 1966 general election and the 1968 by-elections.
The NFP won only 19 of the 52 seats in the House of Representatives, with Alliance Party actually increasing its share of the Indian vote.
This was firstly due to the announcement by the Minister of Education that the Government would not subsidise school fees for non-Fijians.
Thirdly, the Prime Minister rejected the recommendations of the Royal Commission which investigated the voting system, claiming that implementation of the recommendation would cause bloodshed in the country.
The inability of the NFP to make significant inroads into the ethnic Fijian vote kept the party in opposition in the years following independence.
In the March 1977 election, however, a split in the ethnic Fijian vote enabled the NFP to win a plurality in the House of Representatives.
Internal dissension, however, prevented the party from forming a government, as the party fractured over disputes about the leadership and the allocation of ministerial positions.
A second election to resolve the impasse was held in September that year, resulting in a heavy defeat for the NFP after it had split into two factions known as the Dove and Flower factions.
Reddy followed a policy, which had been tried once before by Koya, that of moderation in which he sought to work with the Alliance Party to bring about change instead of resorting to the divisive policies of A.D. Patel and the later years of Koya's leadership.
Relations between the two sides deteriorated as the Alliance used its massive majority to push through legislations seen to be anti-Indian.
In 1980, after Reddy criticised, Alliance's policy of reserving Crown land for use by ethnic Fijians only, he and Ratu Kamisese Mara were no longer on speaking terms.
The NFP re-united for the 1982 elections and came close to winning the election by winning 24 seats in coalition with the Western United Front (WUF).
Reddy's disagreement with the Alliance Speaker of the House led to his walkout in December 1983 and to resignation from parliament in April 1984.
Internal dissension reached a climax when a Koya supporter from Ba, Dr Balwant Singh Rakkha, was selected to contest the Lautoka seat vacated by Reddy's resignation.
In the Suva City Council election of October 1985, it failed to field any candidate and the FLP won most seats and occupied the Lord Mayor's chair.
In the by-election for the North Central National Seat (based in Ba district), brought about by the resignation of Vijay R. Singh, the Alliance won by a narrow margin over the FLP candidate, Mahendra Chaudhry.
For the 1987 election, therefore, they formed an electoral coalition with the Fiji Labour Party under the leadership of Timoci Bavadra, an ethnic Fijian.
The coalition won the election, but the new government was overthrown a month later in a military coup led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka.
When the government agreed to revise the Constitution in 1997, however, the NFP, now led by Jai Ram Reddy, played a key role in the ensuing negotiations, which resulted in the removal of the guaranteed ethnic Fijian majority from Parliament.
In the election that followed in 1999, the NFP surprised many observers by forming an electoral coalition with the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei, led by their former enemy, Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka.
This may have been a tactical mistake: many Indo-Fijians had not forgiven Rabuka for his role in the overthrow of the Bavadra government and the subsequent drafting of a constitution that they widely considered to be racist, and the NFP, for the first time in 36 years, lost all of its seats in the House of Representatives.
The NFP contested the 2001 election, on a platform calling for the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to look into the Fiji coup of 2000, which had deposed the elected government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, the removal of Value added tax from basic items, reduction of telephone and postal bills, national healthcare insurance for all workers, and consolidation of the independence of the judiciary.
The NFP ended up with only about ten percent of the popular vote and only one parliamentary seat – which it subsequently lost in a court challenge.
The party's refusal to agree to a preference deal with its one-time ally, the Fiji Labour Party, also worked against it.
Municipal elections in October 2003, for which the party formed an electoral coalition with Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase's Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL), gave the party control of six municipalities, either in its own right or together with the SDL.
In the 2005 municipal polls, their performance was more modest, but Ba and Nadi remained in NFP hands, while an NFP/SDL coalition retained its hold on Sigatoka.
On 11 April 2005, Naidu announced that the NFP now regarded itself as a multiracial party and would attempt to win the support of all ethnic communities in Fiji.
In 2005, the NFP was at the forefront of opposition to the government's controversial proposal to establish a Reconciliation and Unity Commission, with the power (subject to presidential approval), to grant compensation to victims of the coup d'état that deposed the elected government in 2000, and amnesty to persons convicted of offences related to it.
On 27 June, Naidu announced that the NFP had started a petition against the bill, and expected to gather 150,000 signatures.
The party was sending copies of the petition, along with a statement of the party's objections to the bill in English, Fijian, and Hindustani to all schools, other organisations, and islands in Fiji.
Naidu said the party was opposed not only to the amnesty provisions of the legislation, but also to its compensation provisions, saying that the taxpayer should not have to foot the bill.
He said that the petition would be presented to the parliamentary committee on Justice, Law and Order, along with the party's submission.
Naidu resigned from the presidency of the party in July 2005, following his arrest on common assault and sexual assault charges.
At the party's annual conference attended by more than 600 delegates in Nausori on 31 July, Raman Pratap Singh, a lawyer and former parliamentarian, was elected to replace him.
A priority for the NFP was to attempt to revive sufficient support to gain Parliamentary representation in the general election scheduled for 2006.
Under Fiji's so-called alternative ballot system, votes cast for low-polling candidates may be transferred to higher-polling candidates, as specified by the candidates.
Rae said on 20 August that in pursuing negotiations with other parties for exchanges of preferences, the NFP would aim to hold the centre ground in Fijian politics and would forge alliances with parties that shared its philosophy.
At the August conference, the party decided that a preference deal with the ruling SDL in the parliamentary election scheduled for 2006 would be conditional on the government withdrawing its Reconciliation and Unity Bill.
In the last election in 2001, a similar deal, which allowed votes cast for low-polling NFP candidates to be transferred to the SDL, was crucial to the SDL victory under Fiji's transferable voting system.
Fiji Village reported on 9 March 2006 that Prime Minister Qarase had offered the NFP Cabinet posts, assuming the party won parliamentary representation, in exchange for a preference deal.
Preferential voting was among the topics discussed, but no serious negotiations were entered into, with both parties indicating that such a move would be premature.
Nevertheless, a flurry of media speculation followed, with several major news services reporting in early September that the two parties were close to reaching a deal.
On 19 September, however, Pratap Singh distanced himself and his party from the speculation that a deal with the FLP was likely.
According to the Fiji Sun (27 February 2006), NFP trustee Attar Singh accused the FLP of having stolen the NFP's 1982 election manifesto and using it for the 1999 election.
Its share of the popular vote fell to 6 percent, its lowest ever, and the party again failed to win parliamentary representation.
In January 2013 the military regime promulgated new regulations governing the registration of political parties, requiring all parties to have at least 5,000 members.
The NFP elected Biman Prasad, Professor of Economics at the University of the South Pacific, as its new leader in March 2014, while Roko Tupou Draunidalo, scion of a distinguished political and chiefly family, was elected President of the party.
Prasad is now the leader of NFP caucus in Parliament, Shadow Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee.
Defence (defense in the United States) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring.
They are often referred to as defencemen, D, D-men or blueliners (the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone).
A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking.
has been assessed a penalty), in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman (typically), or conversely, two defencemen and one forward.
He should not stray too far from his place, because oftentimes he is practically a second goal-minder ... although he should remain close to his goal-keeper, he should never obstruct that man's view of the puck.
It is by playing far up under these circumstances that a clever cover-point can chine to the advantage of his team.
Each year the NHL, the premier ice hockey league in the world, presents the James Norris Memorial Trophy to the best defenceman in the league.
Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins – an eight-time Norris Trophy recipient – is often considered to be the greatest defenceman in NHL and ice hockey history.
In addition to his Norris Trophy honours, he is the only defenceman in NHL history to capture the Art Ross Trophy as the league's leading scorer.
A good example is Rod Langway, who won the Norris Trophy while scoring only three goals that season, as the award winners preceding him were primarily offensive defencemen such as Bobby Orr, Denis Potvin, and Larry Robinson.
To accomplish this, the offensive defence player often pitches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards and high-slot area for scoring opportunities.
This makes it difficult for the opposing team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck.
However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the opposing team if the defender does not succeed.
When in the defensive zone, the defence player is responsible for keeping the opposing forwards' opportunities to a minimum when they are on a rush, forcing them to the corners and blocking both passing and shooting lanes.
When the opposing offence is putting pressure on the defence's team, the defence skater usually plays closer to the net, attempting again to block shooting lanes but also ensure that the goalie is not screened (prevented from being able to see the puck at all times).
It is especially critical for the defenceman to keep opposing forwards from being able to move effectively in front of the net.
If a shot on net is made, an unguarded forward can often redirect it too quickly for the goalie to adjust or else score on a rebound.
Another important duty is clearing rebounds away from the goal, and preferably to the defenceman's teammates, before opposing forwards can get to them.
In the neutral zone, the defence hangs back towards his or her own blue line, usually playing the puck up to other teammates.
Because of this responsibility, defencemen must read the other team's defensive strategy effectively in order to make an effective first pass that furthers the offensive momentum without leaving the defenceman out of position should his team lose control of the puck.
In certain situations the best option could be to skate the puck into the zone to maintain offensive speed as well as preventing an offside.
It is their duty to keep the puck in the offensive zone by stopping it from crossing the blue line that demarcates where the offensive zone begins.
Should the puck cross this line, the offence cannot touch the puck in their opponent's zone without stopping play (see offside).
Defencemen must be quick to pass the puck around, helping their forwards to open up shooting lanes, or taking open shots themselves when they become available.
The defence must also be able to skate quickly to cut off any breakaways, moving themselves back into the defensive zone ahead of the onrushing opponent.
Because defencemen are often expected to shoot on the opposing net from long range, these players often develop the hardest and most accurate slapshots.
This is because taking a more stationary position on the blue line rewards pure accuracy and patience, rather than the adept hand–eye coordination attributed to forwards.
When a team is on a power play, a defence player can set up plays in the offensive zone, and distribute the puck to the teammate that he or she feels is in the best position to score, similar to a point guard in basketball, a playmaker in soccer, and a quarterback in American football and Canadian football.
During faceoffs in the defensive zone, most teams have their defence players pair up with opposing forwards to tie them up while leaving the team's forwards open to move the puck, though this is at the discretion of the individual coach.
In the offensive zone, the defence player acts in his or her usual role, keeping control of the puck as the forwards fight for position.
Defencemen must possess excellent skating abilities, specifically in speed, constant foot movement and quick transitioning from forward to backward and vice versa.
This requires the ability to burst out of the defensive zone with speed, yet at the same time having the ability to use their vision to execute quick passes to open forwards, or gaining the neutral zone before shooting the puck into the offensive zone.
Vehicle insurance (also known as car insurance, motor insurance, or auto insurance) is insurance for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other road vehicles.
Its primary use is to provide financial protection against physical damage or bodily injury resulting from traffic collisions and against liability that could also arise from incidents in a vehicle.
Vehicle insurance may additionally offer financial protection against theft of the vehicle, and against damage to the vehicle sustained from events other than traffic collisions, such as keying, weather or natural disasters, and damage sustained by colliding with stationary objects.
Cars were relatively fast and dangerous by that stage, yet there was still no compulsory form of car insurance anywhere in the world.
This meant that injured victims would seldom get any compensation in an accident, and drivers often faced considerable costs for damage to their car and property.
This ensured that all vehicle owners and drivers had to be insured for their liability for injury or death to third parties whilst their vehicle was being used on a public road.
This would address issues of uninsured motorists by providing additional options and also charge based on the miles (kilometers) driven, which could theoretically increase the efficiency of the insurance, through streamlined collection.
It covers the vehicle owner and any person who drives the vehicle against claims for liability for death or injury to people caused by the fault of the vehicle owner or driver.
CTP may include any kind of physical harm, bodily injuries and may cover the cost of all reasonable medical treatment for injuries received in the accident, loss of wages, cost of care services and, in some cases, compensation for pain and suffering.
Third Party property insurance or Comprehensive insurance covers the third party with the repairing cost of the vehicle, any property damage or medication expenses as a result of an accident by the insured.
In Victoria, the Transport Accident Commission provides CTP through a levy in the vehicle registration fee, known as the TAC charge.
In respect of Act Only Liability Motor Vehicle Insurance, the compensation for personal injuries and property damage to third parties is BDT 20,000 for death, BDT 10,000 for severe injury, BDT 5,000 for injury, and BDT 50,000 for property damage.
Several Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Quebec) provide a public auto insurance system while in the rest of the country insurance is provided privately [third party insurance is privatized in Quebec and is mandatory.
Basic auto insurance is mandatory throughout Canada with each province's government determining which benefits are included as minimum required auto insurance coverage and which benefits are options available for those seeking additional coverage.
International drivers entering Canada are permitted to drive any vehicle their licence allows for the 3-month period for which they are allowed to use their international licence.
International laws provide visitors to the country with an International Insurance Bond (IIB) until this 3-month period is over in which the international driver must provide themselves with Canadian Insurance.
Damage to the driver's own vehicle is optional – one notable exception to this is in Saskatchewan, where SGI provides collision coverage (less than a $1000 deductible, such as a collision damage waiver) as part of its basic insurance policy.
In Saskatchewan, residents have the option to have their auto insurance through a tort system but less than 0.5% of the population have taken this option.
Since 1939, it has been compulsory to have third party personal insurance before keeping a motor vehicle in all federal states of Germany.
The amount of insurance contribution is determined by several criteria, like the region, the type of car or the personal way of driving.
The minimum coverage defined by German law for car liability insurance / third party personal insurance is €7,500,000 for bodily injury (damage to people), €500,000 euro for property damage and €50,000 for financial/fortune loss which is in no direct or indirect coherence with bodily injury or property damage.
Insurance companies usually offer all-in/combined single limit insurances of €50,000,000 or €100,000,000 (about €141,000,000) for bodily injury, property damage and other financial/fortune loss (usually with a bodily injury coverage limitation of €8-15,000,000 for each bodily injured person).
272 of the Laws of Hong Kong), all users of a car, include its permitted users, must have insurance or some other security with respect to third-party risks.
Third-party vehicle insurance is a mandatory requirement in Indonesia and each individual car and motorcycle must be insured or the vehicle will not be considered legal.
Auto insurance in India deals with the insurance covers for the loss or damage caused to the automobile or its parts due to natural and man-made calamities.
Auto premium is determined by a number of factors and the amount of premium increases with the rise in the price of the vehicle.
Certain documents are required for claiming auto insurance in India, like duly signed claim form, RC copy of the vehicle, driving license copy, FIR copy, original estimate and policy copy.
Private Car Insurance – Private Car Insurance is the fastest growing sector in India as it is compulsory for all the new cars.
The amount of premium depends on the make and value of the car, state where the car is registered and the year of manufacture.
This amount can be reduced by asking the insurer for No Claim Bonus (NCB) if no claim is made for insurance in previous year.
The amount of premium depends on the current showroom price multiplied by the depreciation rate fixed by the Tariff Advisory Committee at the beginning of a policy period.
Commercial Vehicle Insurance – Commercial Vehicle Insurance in India provides cover for all the vehicles which are not used for personal purposes like trucks and HMVs.
The amount of premium depends on the showroom price of the vehicle at the commencement of the insurance period, make of the vehicle and the place of registration of the vehicle.
The Road Traffic Act, 1933 requires all drivers of mechanically propelled vehicles in public places to have at least third-party insurance, or to have obtained exemption – generally by depositing a (large) sum of money to the High Court as a guarantee against claims.
The Road Traffic Act, 1961 (which is currently in force) repealed the 1933 act but replaced these sections with functionally identical sections.
From 1968, those making deposits require the consent of the Minister for Transport to do so, with the sum specified by the Minister.
Those not exempted from obtaining insurance must obtain a certificate of insurance from their insurance provider, and display a portion of this (an insurance disc) on their vehicles' windscreen (if fitted).
Those injured or suffering property damage/loss due to uninsured drivers can claim against the Motor Insurance Bureau of Ireland's uninsured drivers fund, as can those injured (but not those suffering damage or loss) from hit and run offences.
Driving without the necessary insurance for that vehicle is an offence that can be prosecuted by the police and fines range from 841 to 3,287 euros.
Police forces also have the power to seize a vehicle that does not have the necessary insurance in place, until the owner of the vehicle pays a fine and signs a new insurance policy.
Minimal insurance policies cover only third parties (including the insured person and third parties carried with the vehicle, but not the driver, if the two do not coincide).
It is also common to include a renounce clause of the insurance company to compensate the damages against the insured person in some cases (usually in case of DUI or other infringement of the law by the driver).
Injuries involving motor vehicles operating on public roads are covered by the Motor Vehicle Account, for which premiums are collected through levies on petrol and through vehicle licensing fees.
If a person drives a vehicle belonging to someone else, and has an accident, the insurance will cover for damage done.
Note that the policy carrier can choose to limit the coverage to only apply for family members or person over a certain age.
South Africa allocates a percentage of the money from fuel into the Road Accident Fund, which goes towards compensating third parties in accidents.
Police forces have the power to seize vehicles that do not have the necessary insurance in place, until the owner of the vehicle pays the fine and signs a new insurance policy.
Driving without the necessary insurance for that vehicle is an offence that will be prosecuted by the police and will receive penalty.
The minimal insurance policies cover only third parties (included the insured person and third parties carried with the vehicle, but not the driver, if the two do not coincide).
The victims of accidents caused by non-insured vehicles could be compensated by a Warranty Fund, which is covered by a fixed amount of each insurance premium.
Since 2013 it is possible to contract an insurance by days as is possible in countries such as Germany and the U.K.
When buying car insurance in the United Arab Emirates, the traffic department requires a 13-month insurance certificate each time you register or renew a vehicle registration.
This insurance policy is the most basic form of vehicle insurance Dubai as it covers the third-party property damage or bodily injuries caused by the insured vehicle.
In 1930, the UK Government introduced a law that required every person who used a vehicle on the road to have at least third-party personal injury insurance.
Today, this law is defined by the Road Traffic Act 1988, (generally referred to as the RTA 1988 as amended) which was last modified in 1991.
The Act requires that motorists either be insured, or have made a specified deposit (£500,000 in 1991) and keeps the sum deposited with the Accountant General of the Supreme Court, against liability for injuries to others (including passengers) and for damage to other persons' property, resulting from use of a vehicle on a public road or in other public places.
It is an offence to use a motor vehicle, or allow others to use it without insurance that satisfies the requirements of the Act.
This requirement applies while any part of a vehicle (even if a greater part of it is on private land) is on the public highway.
However, private land to which the public have a reasonable right of access (for example, a supermarket car park during opening hours) is considered to be included within the requirements of the Act.
A driver caught driving without insurance for the vehicle he/she is in charge of for the purposes of driving, is liable to be prosecuted by the police and, upon conviction, will receive either a fixed penalty or magistrate's courts penalty.
The registration number of the vehicle shown on the insurance policy, along with other relevant information including the effective dates of cover are transmitted electronically to the UK's Motor Insurance Database (MID) which exists to help reduce incidents of uninsured driving in the territory.
The Police are able to spot-check vehicles that pass within range of automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras, that can search the MID instantly.
It should be noted, however, that proof of insurance lies entirely with the issue of a Certificate of Motor Insurance, or cover note, by an Authorised Insurer which, to be valid, must have been previously 'delivered' to the insured person in accordance with the Act, and be printed in black ink on white paper.
The insurance certificate or cover note issued by the insurance company constitutes the only legal evidence that the policy to which the certificate relates satisfies the requirements of the relevant law applicable in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Island of Guernsey, the Island of Jersey and the Island of Alderney.
The Act states that an authorised person, such as a police officer, may require a driver to produce an insurance certificate for inspection.
If the driver cannot show the document immediately on request, and evidence of insurance cannot be found by other means such as the MID, then the Police are empowered to seize the vehicle instantly.
The immediate impounding of an apparently uninsured vehicle replaces the former method of dealing with insurance spot-checks where drivers were issued with an HORT/1 (so-called because the order was form number 1 issued by the Home Office Road Traffic dept).
This 'ticket' was an order requiring that within seven days, from midnight of the date of issue, the driver concerned was to take a valid insurance certificate (and usually other driving documents as well) to a police station of the driver's choice.
As these are seldom issued now and the MID relied upon to indicate the presence of insurance or not, it is incumbent upon the insurance industry to accurately and swiftly update the MID with current policy details and insurers that fail to do so can be penalised by their regulating body.
Vehicles kept in the UK must now be continuously insured unless a Statutory Off Road Notification (SORN) has been formally submitted.
This requirement arose following a change in the law in June 2011 when a regulation known as Continuous Insurance Enforcement (CIE) came into force.
The effect of this was that in the UK a vehicle that is not declared SORN, must have a valid insurance policy in force whether or not it is kept on public roads and whether or not it is driven.
Insurer, and Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) / licence data, are shared by the relevant authorities including the Police and this forms an integral part of the mechanism of CIE. All UK registered vehicles, including those that are exempt from VED (for example, Historic Vehicles and cars with low or zero emissions) are subject to the VED taxation application process.
A physical receipt for the payment of VED was issued by way of a paper disc which, prior to 1 October 2014, meant that all motorists in the UK were required to prominently display the tax disc on their vehicle when it was kept or driven on public roads.
This helped to ensure that most people had adequate insurance on their vehicles because insurance cover was required to purchase a disc, although the insurance must merely have been valid at the time of purchase and not necessarily for the life of the tax disc.
From 1 October 2014, it is no longer a legal requirement to display a vehicle excise licence (tax disc) on a vehicle.
This has come about because the whole VED process can now be administered electronically and alongside the MID, doing away with the expense, to the UK Government, of issuing paper discs.
Once a vehicle has been declared 'SORN' then the legal requirement to insure it ceases, although many vehicle owners may desire to maintain cover for loss of or damage to the vehicle while it is off the road.
A vehicle that is then to be put back on the road must be subject to a new application for VED and be insured.
Part of the VED application requires an electronic check of the MID, in this way the lawful presence of a vehicle on the road for both VED and insurance purposes is reinforced.
It follows that the only circumstances in which a vehicle can have no insurance is if it has a valid SORN; was exempted from SORN (as untaxed on or before 31 October 1998 and has had no tax or SORN activity since); is recorded as 'stolen and not recovered' by the Police; is between registered keepers; or is scrapped.
Motor insurers in the UK place a limit on the amount that they are liable for in the event of a claim by third parties against a legitimate policy.
This can be explained in part by the Great Heck Rail Crash that cost the insurers over £22,000,000 in compensation for the fatalities and damage to property caused by the actions of the insured driver of a motor vehicle that caused the disaster.
No limit applies to claims from third parties for death or personal injury, however UK car insurance is now commonly limited to £20,000,000 for any claim or series of claims for loss of or damage to third party property caused by or arising out of one incident.
This covers all third party liabilities and also covers the vehicle owner against the destruction of the vehicle by fire (whether malicious or due to a vehicle fault) and theft of the insured vehicle.
This kind of insurance and the two preceding types do not cover damage to the vehicle caused by the driver or other hazards.
Although exempt from the requirement to insure, this provides no immunity against claims being made against them, so an otherwise Crown Exempt authority may choose to insure conventionally, preferring to incur the known expense of insurance premiums rather than accept the open-ended exposure of effectively, self-insuring under Crown Exemption.
It also operates the MID, which contain details of every insured vehicle in the country and acts as a means to share information between Insurance Companies.
Soon after the introduction of the Road Traffic Act in 1930, unexpected issues arose when motorists needed to drive a vehicle other than their own in genuine emergency circumstances.
To alleviate this loophole, an extension to UK Car Insurances was introduced allowing a Policyholder to personally drive any other motor car not belonging to him/her and not hired to him/her under a hire purchase or leasing agreement.
The cover provided is for Third Party Risks only and there is absolutely no cover for loss of, or damage to the vehicle being driven.
This aspect of UK motor insurance is the only one that purports to cover the driving of a vehicle, not use.
On 1 March 2011, the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg ruled that gender could no longer be used by insurers to set car insurance premiums.
In September 2012, it was announced that the Competition Commission had launched an investigation into the UK system for credit repairs and credit hire of an alternative vehicle leading to claims from third parties following an accident.
Where their client is considered to be not at fault, Accident Management Companies will take over the running of their client's claim and arrange everything for them, usually on a 'No Win - No Fee' basis.
It was shown that the insurers of the at-fault vehicle, were unable to intervene in order to have control over the costs that were applied to the claim by means of repairs, storage, vehicle hire, referral fees and personal injury.
The subsequent cost of some items submitted for consideration has been a cause for concern over recent years as this has caused an increase in the premium costs, contrary to the general duty of all involved to mitigate the cost of claims.
The 'staging' of a motor collision on the Public Highway for the purpose of attempting an insurance fraud is considered by the Courts to be organised crime and upon conviction is dealt with as such.
Each of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia requires drivers to have insurance coverage for both bodily injury and property damage, except New Hampshire and Virginia, but the minimum amount of coverage required by law varies by state.
For example, minimum bodily injury liability coverage requirements range from $30,000 in Arizona to $100,000 in Alaska and Maine, while minimum property damage liability requirements range from $5,000 to $25,000 in most states.
The insurance concerns the legal liability for death or physical injury to third party (not include the passengers), so it is hardly ever written by insurers.
This type is compulsory to buy for every vehicle so it is the most basic and common car insurance, which insures you against claims for the injury or damage to third party or its property in an accident.
In addition to third party coverage, this policy also provides insurance for your own vehicle due to fire accident or theft.
third party’s physical injury and death, third party’s vehicle damage and your own vehicle’s damage caused by fire, theft or an accident.
If a vehicle is declared a total loss and the vehicle's market value is less than the amount that is still owed to the bank that is financing the vehicle, GAP insurance may cover the difference.
An excess payment, also known as a deductible, is a fixed contribution that must be paid each time a car is repaired with the charges billed to an automotive insurance policy.
If the accident was the other driver's fault, and this fault is accepted by the third party's insurer, then the vehicle owner may be able to reclaim the excess payment from the other person's insurance company.
To reduce the insurance premium, the insured party may offer to pay a higher excess (deductible) than the compulsory excess demanded by the insurance company.
The voluntary excess is the extra amount, over and above the compulsory excess, that is agreed to be paid in the event of a claim on the policy.
As a bigger excess reduces the financial risk carried by the insurer, the insurer is able to offer a significantly lower premium.
Depending on the jurisdiction, the insurance premium can be either mandated by the government or determined by the insurance company, in accordance with a framework of regulations set by the government.
When the premium is not mandated by the government, it is usually derived from the calculations of an actuary, based on statistical data.
Those factors can include the car characteristics, the coverage selected (deductible, limit, covered perils), the profile of the driver (age, gender, driving history) and the usage of the car (commute to work or not, predicted annual distance driven).
Because male drivers, especially younger ones, are on average often regarded as tending to be more aggressive, the premiums charged for policies on vehicles whose primary driver is male are often higher.
On 1 March 2011, the European Court of Justice decided insurance companies who used gender as a risk factor when calculating insurance premiums were breaching EU equality laws.
However, in some places, such as the UK, companies have used the standard practice of discrimination based on profession to still use gender as a factor, albeit indirectly.
Professions which are more typically practised by men are deemed as being more risky even if they had not been prior to the Court's ruling while the converse is applied to professions predominant among women.
Another effect of the ruling has been that, while the premiums for men have been lowered, they have been raised for women.
However, young drivers are often offered discounts if they undertake further driver training on recognized courses, such as the Pass Plus scheme in the UK.
In the US many insurers offer a good-grade discount to students with a good academic record and resident-student discounts to those who live away from home.
By placing restrictions on teenagers' driving (forbidding driving after dark, or giving rides to other teens, for example), these companies effectively reduce their risk.
Typically, the increased risk for drivers over 65 years of age is associated with slower reflexes, reaction times, and being more injury-prone.
Since more points indicate an increased risk of future violations, insurance companies periodically review drivers' records, and may raise premiums accordingly.
Depending on the severity of the accident and the number of points assessed, rates can increase by as much as twenty to thirty percent.
Any motoring convictions should be disclosed to insurers, as the driver is assessed by risk from prior experiences while driving on the road.
Statistics show that married drivers average fewer accidents than the rest of the population so policy owners who are married often receive lower premiums than single persons.
Certain professions may be deemed more likely to result in damages if they regularly involve more travel or the carrying of expensive equipment or stock or if they are predominant either among women or among men.
Two of the most important factors that go into determining the underwriting risk on motorized vehicles are: performance capability and retail cost.
The most commonly available providers of auto insurance have underwriting restrictions against vehicles that are either designed to be capable of higher speeds and performance levels, or vehicles that retail above a certain dollar amount.
Vehicles that are commonly considered luxury automobiles usually carry more expensive physical damage premiums because they are more expensive to replace.
Vehicles that can be classified as high performance autos will carry higher premiums generally because there is greater opportunity for risky driving behavior.
Motorcycle insurance may carry lower property-damage premiums because the risk of damage to other vehicles is minimal, yet have higher liability or personal-injury premiums, because motorcycle riders face different physical risks while on the road.
Risk classification on automobiles also takes into account the statistical analysis of reported theft, accidents, and mechanical malfunction on every given year, make, and model of auto.
Driving to and from work every day at a specified distance, especially in urban areas where common traffic routes are known, presents different risks than how a retiree who does not work any longer may use their vehicle.
Common practice has been that this information was provided solely by the insured person, but some insurance providers have started to collect regular odometer readings to verify the risk.
After the company's risk factors have been applied, and the customer has accepted the per-mile rate offered, then customers buy prepaid miles of insurance protection as needed, like buying gallons of gasoline (litres of petrol).
Insurance automatically ends when the odometer limit (recorded on the car's insurance ID card) is reached, unless more distance is bought.
In the event of a traffic stop, an officer could easily verify that the insurance is current, by comparing the figure on the insurance card to that on the odometer.
Although the newer electronic odometers are difficult to roll back, they can still be defeated by disconnecting the odometer wires and reconnecting them later.
For example, to steal of continuous protection while paying for only the 2000 in the 35000 to 37000 range on the odometer, the resetting would have to be done at least nine times, to keep the odometer reading within the narrow covered range.
Odometers have always served as the measuring device for resale value, rental and leasing charges, warranty limits, mechanical breakdown insurance, and cents-per-mile tax deductions or reimbursements for business or government travel.
Odometer tampering, detected during claim processing, voids the insurance and, under decades-old state and federal law, is punishable by heavy fines and jail.
Under the cents-per-mile system, rewards for driving less are delivered automatically, without the need for administratively cumbersome and costly GPS technology.
Insurer premium income automatically keeps pace with increases or decreases in driving activity, cutting back on resulting insurer demand for rate increases and preventing today's windfalls to insurers, when decreased driving activity lowers costs but not premiums.
In 1998, the Progressive Insurance company started a pilot program in Texas, in which drivers received a discount for installing a GPS-based device that tracked their driving behavior and reported the results via cellular phone to the company.
In following years many policies (including Progressive) have been trialed and successfully introduced worldwide into what are referred to as Telematic Insurance.
Such 'telematic' policies typically are based on black-box insurance technology, such devices derive from a stolen vehicle and fleet tracking but are used for insurance purposes.
Since 2010 GPS-based and Telematic Insurance systems have become more mainstream in the auto insurance market not just aimed at specialised auto-fleet markets or high value vehicles (with an emphasis on stolen vehicle recovery).
Modern GPS-based systems are branded as 'PAYD' Pay As You Drive insurance policies, 'PHYD' Pay How You Drive or since 2012 Smartphone auto insurance policies which utilise smartphones as a GPS sensor, e.g.
The Progressive Corporation launched Snapshot to give drivers a customized insurance rate based on recording how, how much, and when their car is driven.
Progressive has received patents on its methods and systems of implementing usage-based insurance and has licensed these methods and systems to other companies.
They offer a true pay-per-mile insurance where behavior or driving style is not taken into account, and the user only pays a base rate along with a fixed rate per mile.
Drivers with good credit scores get lower insurance premiums, as it is believed that they are more financially stable, more responsible and have the financial means to better maintain their vehicles.
It has been shown that good drivers with spotty credit records could be charged higher premiums than bad drivers with good credit records.
A US patent application combining this technology with a usage based insurance product to create a new type of behavior based auto insurance product is currently open for public comment on peer to patent.
Behaviour based Insurance focusing upon driving is often called Telematics or Telematics2.0 in some cases monitoring focus upon behavioural analysis such as smooth driving.
Auto repair insurance is an extension of car insurance available in all 50 of the United States that covers the natural wear and tear on a vehicle, independent of damages related to a car accident.
In contrast to more standard and basic coverages such as comprehensive and collision insurance, auto repair insurance does not cover a vehicle when it is damaged in a collision, during a natural disaster or at the hands of vandals.
Some companies will only offer mechanical breakdown insurance, which only covers repairs necessary when breakable parts need to be fixed or replaced.
In several countries insurance companies offer direct repair programs (DRP) so that their customers have easy access to a recommended car body repair shop.
Some also offer one-stop shopping where a damaged car can get dropped off and an adjuster handles the claim, the car is fixed and often a replacement rental car is provided.
When repairing the vehicle the car body repair shop is obliged to follow the instructions regarding the choice of original equipment manufacturer (OEM), original equipment supplier parts (OES), Matching Quality spare parts (MQ) and generic replacement parts.
AIRC (International Car body repair Association) General Secretary Karel Bukholczer made clear that DRP's have had big impact on car body repair shops.
He is best known for his time wrestling for WWE between 2003 and 2007 where he was part of La Résistance and became a four-time World Tag Team Champion (once with René Duprée and three times with Rob Conway).
While he was in Florida training and taking part in a modeling shoot, Grenier met WWE producer Pat Patterson, with whom he became good friends.
During this period, Grenier made two appearances for WWE, the first at No Way Out in 2003 as a referee during the match between The Rock and Hulk Hogan in which he helped The Rock to win that match; the other at WrestleMania XIX during the match between Hogan and Vince McMahon.
La Résistance went on to feud with Scott Steiner and Test (who was being forced to be Steiner's tag team partner by Stacy Keibler) until the Judgment Day pay-per-view where La Résistance defeated Steiner and Test.
Once the Dudley Boyz had their backs turned to Conway, he attacked them with the American flag they had given him before tearing it off the pole and laying it on top of them.
During their time together the trio feuded with several tag teams; including the Dudley Boyz, The Hurricane and Rosey, and Garrison Cade and Mark Jindrak.
They held the titles until Unforgiven 2003 when they dropped them to The Dudley Boyz in a three-on-two handicap tables match.
With American-Franco hostility subsiding, WWE ceased billing the team as being from France and instead promoted them as being haughty French Canadians who carried the flag of Quebec to the ring, with Grenier often singing the Canadian national anthem.
They dropped the championship to them at Taboo Tuesday when Benoit was able to defeat both Grenier and Conway, despite Edge abandoning Benoit during the match.
Two weeks later, however, in a three-way tag team elimination match, William Regal and Eugene were the last men standing, beating both La Résistance and the team of Tajiri and Rhyno.
La Résistance were given another chance at Regal and Tajiri during a Tag Team Turmoil match involving five teams during Backlash.
In the match, La Résistance managed to eliminate the current champions but were defeated by the last remaining team, Hurricane and Rosey.
This saw Conway defeat a jobber and Val Venis, while Grenier was defeated by both Val Venis and Chris Jericho before both men competed in a triple threat match (with Intercontinental Champion Shelton Benjamin for the title), Benjamin won the match after the La Résistance members began to argue and fight with each other.
In the coming weeks he continued to appear backstage, telling everyone within earshot how much better Québec was than where ever they were from.
Sylvan returned to OVW on November 15, making a surprise appearance as Sylvain Grenier, teaming with Rob Conway to reform their La Résistance.
The reformed team defeated Cody Runnels and Shawn Spears to earn a shot at the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship, but were unsuccessful in the title match.
Due to Duprée getting suspended at the start of March, however, and being sent to rehab after violating the Health and Wellness policy, the team was quietly disbanded.
This would turn out to be Grenier's final match for WWE, as he was released from his contract on August 13.
During his time with TNA, he embarked on a feud with former commentator Pierre-Carl Ouellet, with Grenier claiming that he was the better commentator.
Grenier returned to the independent circuit in January 2008 at International Wrestling Syndicate's Praise The Violence where he lost to Kevin Steen in an IWS Heavyweight Championship number one contendership match.
On August 30, 2008, Grenier reunited with Rob Conway to reform La Résistance, and they defeated Karl Briscoe and Jay Phenomenon to win Northern Championship Wrestling's Tag Team Championship.
On April 17, 2009, he appeared for Ring of Honor, competing in a six-man tag match, in which he teamed with The American Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) in a loss to Bryan Danielson, Kevin Steen and El Generico.
In a match at a CRW show, he defeated the highflying Van Hawk, a mainstay in the independent circuit of Quebec.
Later that night, in his usual persona, Grenier recaptured the CRW Quebec Championship by defeating Darkko and Dru Onyx in a casket match at a TOW show, before losing it to Darkko two days later.
In November 2011, Greiner toured several European countries as part of American Wrestling Rampage, where he predominantly teamed with former La Résistance partner René Duprée.
On November 18, 2012 Grenier had a match against Kushida but lost to Kushida by distraction of Kyosuke Mikami, Katsuyori Shibata, Cliff Compton coming to the ring.
He also states that contrary to other reports, he came to terms with WWE on his release and would consider working with them in the future.
In July 2016, Grenier was named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury.
Grinspoon are an Australian rock band from Lismore, New South Wales formed in 1995 and fronted by Phil Jamieson on vocals and guitar with Pat Davern on guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar and Kristian Hopes on drums.
Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon, an associate professor emeritus of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use.
In July 1995, Pat Davern (guitar), Joe Hansen (bass guitar), Kristian Hopes(drums) and Phil Jamieson (vocals, guitar) met at a Lismore hotel, The Gollan, for a jam night—they decided to form a band and enter the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition.
Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon, an associate professor emeritus of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use.
On 5 February 2008, Jamieson announced, via the band's official website, that Grinspoon were on hiatus following their appearance at Big Day Out in late January.
Jamieson then toured with a super group composed of The Living End's Chris Cheney, You Am I’s Tim Rogers and Josh Pyke with a 17-piece band in August 2009.
In May 2012 the band announced that they were heading to the United States for a month to record the album.
The album was later slated to feature guest musicians including Chris Cheney of The Living End, Tim Rogers of You Am I and Scott Russo of Unwritten Law.
On the 5 December 2013 a statement on the official Grinspoon website announced that the band would be going on hiatus.
In August 2015, it was announced that the band would be reforming exclusively to play a run of dates opening for Cold Chisel.
In 2017 the band announced they would be re-releasing a special 20th Anniversary edition of Guide To Better Living and announced an Australia wide tour.
Leucanthemum vulgare, commonly known as the ox-eye daisy, oxeye daisy, dog daisy and other common names, is a widespread flowering plant native to Europe and the temperate regions of Asia, and an introduced plant to North America, Australia and New Zealand.
The leaves decrease in size up the stem, the upper leaves up to long, lack a petiole and are deeply toothed.
It is also known by the common names ox-eye daisy, dog daisy, field daisy, Marguerite, moon daisy, moon-penny, poor-land penny, poverty daisy and white daisy.
It is a typical grassland perennial wildflower, growing in a variety of plant communities including meadows and fields, under scrub and open-canopy forests, and in disturbed areas.
The species is widely naturalised in many parts of the world and is considered to be an invasive species in more than forty countries.
A mature plant can produce up to 26,000 seeds that are spread by animals, vehicles, water and contaminated agricultural produce, and some seeds remain viable for up to nearly forty years.
In native landscapes such as the Kosciuszko National Park in Australia, dense infestation can exclude native plants, causing soil erosion and loss of soil organic matter.
This plant was top-ranked for pollen production per floral unit sampled at the level of the entire capitulum, with a value of 15.9 ± 2μl, in a UK study of meadow flowers.
It became an introduced species via gardens into natural areas in parts of Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.
Ox-eye daisy commonly invades lawns, and is difficult to control or eradicate, since a new plant can regenerate from rhizome fragments and is a problem in pastures where beef and dairy cattle graze, as usually they will not eat it, thus enabling it to spread.
He had already been created Baron Pierrepont, of Holme Pierrepont in the County of Nottingham, and Viscount Newark, of Newark-on-Trent in the County of Nottingham, in 1796.
Born Charles Medows, he was the second son of Philip Medows, Deputy Ranger of Richmond Park, by Lady Frances Pierrepont, daughter of William Pierrepont, Earl of Kingston (1692–1713), eldest son and heir apparent of Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull.
The name of the earldom derives from the Manvers family, from a marriage to an heiress of which family (Annora de Manvers) the family seat of Holme Pierrepont (formerly simply Holme) had passed into the Pierrepont family in the 13th century.
In 1788 Charles Medows had succeeded to the Pierrepont estates on the death of the second Duke's wife, and assumed the same year by Royal sign manual the surname of Pierrepont in lieu of Medows.
The sixth Earl's only son died as a child and the Earldom and subsidiary titles became extinct on the Earl's death in 1955.
The hall itself, built in the 1860s by the third Earl to the designs of Anthony Salvin was the 3rd building on the site replacing a smaller Georgian house which in turn had replaced a large Baroque house designed by Talman which had burned down.
It remained the home of the last Countess Manvers until her death aged 95 in 1984 and was subsequently sold by the family and is now a hotel and conference venue.
The Thoresby wider agricultural and forestry estate remains with the descendants of the Pierreponts and they have built a new Country House elsewhere on the Estate.
Pittsburgh Filmmakers was one of the oldest and largest media arts centers in the United States, operating from 1971 to 2019.
The co-op remained a pillar of the organization throughout its life, supporting projects that grew to include an accredited school, the Three Rivers Film festival, and three repertory theaters—the Harris Theater in the downtown Cultural District, the Regent Square Theater in the neighborhood of the same name, and the Melwood Screening Room in North Oakland, located in the same building as the school.
Starting in 1969, a variety of film programs were presented at The Crumbling Wall, a non-denominational coffeehouse run by the Lutheran Church on Forbes Avenue, across from the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
The proximity of these two places played an important part in the development of Pittsburgh Filmmakers: an experimental film series curated by Chuck Glassmeyer drew a regular group of interested people, including Leon Arkus and Sally Dixon, founders of the Department of Film and Video at the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh.
She acquired a grant to purchase 16mm filmmaking equipment so that visiting artists could work on their films while in residence, as well as exhibit them.
The early presence of still photography can be attributed to the support of photographer Robert Haller, later an executive director of the organization and Director of Library Collections at Anthology Film Archives in New York City.
In 1974, when a lack of space became an issue, the University of Pittsburgh offered Filmmakers the use of an empty building at 205 Oakland Avenue.
By 1992, the organization was operating four buildings—the equipment facility at 205 Oakland, a classroom and editing facility at 218 Oakland, administrative offices around the corner at 3712 Forbes, and the Theater Annex in the historic Fulton Building at 101 Sixth Street downtown.
Executive directors of the organization during this phase were: Bob Costa (1971), Phil Curry (1971-1973), Robert Haller (1973-1979), Marilyn Levin (1979-1983), Bob Marinaccio (1983-1987), Jan Erlich-Moss (1987), Tony Buba (1988), Margaret Meyers (1988-1991), Kurt Saunders (1991-1992), Marcia Clark (1992), and Brady Lewis (1992).
Humphrey and his director of administration Dorinda Sankey (née Hughes) mounted a successful campaign starting in 1993 to modernize and unify the facilities.
By the summer of 1995, Pittsburgh Filmmakers opened the first floor of 477 Melwood Avenue, its home for the next 23 years—a space formerly used as Carnegie Mellon University's Tartan Labs.
Also in 1995, Filmmakers lost its screening space in the Fulton Theater Annex; a temporary home for the Theater Annex's exhibition program was found at Point Park College's facility on Craft Avenue in Oakland.
Before year's end, the program moved into the Harris Theater, a former X-rated movie house located at 809 Liberty in downtown Pittsburgh.
In 2001, rehabilitation of the second floor of 477 Melwood was completed, which held more offices, digital editing suites, classrooms, a sound stage, a new gallery for photo and other exhibitions, and an additional 60-seat theater.
At this point of maximum development, alongside its production and exhibition facilities, the organization's School of Film, Photography, and Digital Media offered a comprehensive series of film classes and a range of workshops exploring related topics, such as animation and media literacy.
In 2006, Pittsburgh Filmmakers merged with the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts (PCA), following votes by the Pittsburgh Filmmakers membership, the PCA board, and the Pittsburgh Filmmakers board.
The Pittsburgh Filmmakers bylaws were carried over as the bylaws of the combined organization, which took the new name Pittsburgh Filmmakers/Pittsburgh Center for the Arts (PF/PCA) and used the PCA's Marshall Mansion building in Shadyside as its headquarters.
The last executive directors of the organization while it retained the Pittsburgh Filmmakers name were Germaine Williams (2017-2018) and Dan Demicell (2018).
In 2018, the organization rebranded as the Pittsburgh Center for Arts and Media (PCAM) and continued under new leadership, although all film operations were ended in 2019 and NASAD accreditation withdrawn.
Viscount Newark is a title that has been created twice in British history, each time with the subsidiary title of Baron Pierrepont.
This creation was to become the courtesy title for the heir apparent to the Earldom of Kingston-upon-Hull, with this title being bestowed on the first Viscount Newark in 1628.
The fifth Earl was created Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull in 1715 in the Peerage of Great Britain, with the Dukedom becoming extinct on the death of the second Duke in 1773.
The first Viscount of this creation was the grandson of the first Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, and was named as the heir of the second Duke in his will.
The first Viscount succeeded to the Duke's estates (though not his titles) on the death of the Duke's wife in 1788.
The zero-crossing is important for systems which send digital data over AC circuits, such as modems, X10 home automation control systems, and Digital Command Control type systems for Lionel and other AC model trains.
In a system where an amplifier with digitally controlled gain is applied to an input signal, artifacts in the non-zero output signal occur when the gain of the amplifier is abruptly switched between its discrete gain settings.
At audio frequencies, such as in modern consumer electronics like digital audio players, these effects are clearly audible, resulting in a 'zipping' sound when rapidly ramping the gain, or a soft 'click' when a single gain change is made.
If changes are made only at zero-crossings of the input signal, then no matter how the amplifier gain setting changes, the output also remains at zero, thereby minimizing the change.
If electrical power is to be switched, no electrical interference is generated if switched at an instant when there is no current—a zero crossing.
A Laplace filter is a filter which fits in this family, though it sets about the task in a different way.
It seeks out points in the signal stream where the digital signal of an image passes through a pre-set '0' value, and marks this out as a potential edge point.
Prior to the invention and adoption of mechanized mowers, (and today in places where use a mower is impractical or uneconomical), grass and grain crops were cut by hand using scythes or sickles.
The cutting units can be mounted underneath the tractor between the front and rear wheels, mounted on the back with a three-point hitch or pulled behind the tractor as a trailer.
There are also dedicated self-propelled cutting machines, which often have the mower units mounted at the front and sides for easy visibility by the driver.
The grass, or other plant matter, is cut between the sharp edges of the sickle sections and the finger-plates (this action can be likened to an electric hair clipper).
The bar rides on the ground, supported on a skid at the inner end, and it can be tilted to adjust the height of the cut.
The so-formed channel, between cut and uncut material, allows the mower skid to ride in the channel and cut only uncut grass cleanly on the next swath.
When these mowers are tractor-mounted they are easily capable of mowing grass at up to 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) in good conditions.
Some models are designed to be mounted in double and triple sets on a tractor, one in the front and one at each side, thus able to cut up to 20 foot (6 metre) swaths.
The bar is held at an adjustable level just above the ground and the reel runs at a speed dependent on the forward movement speed of the machine, driven by wheels running on the ground (or in self-powered applications by a motor).
This type of mower is used to produce consistently short and even grass on bowling greens, lawns, parks and sports grounds.
A well-designed reel mower can cut quite tangled and thick tall grass, but this type works best on fairly short, upright vegetation, as taller vegetation tends to be rolled flat rather than cut.
Home reel mowers have certain benefits over motor-powered mowers as they are quieter and not dependent on any extra form of power besides the person doing the mowing.
This is useful not only to lessen dependence on other types of power which may have availability issues, but also lessens the impact on the environment.
These types are used on rough ground, where the blades may frequently be fouled by other objects, or on tougher vegetation than grass, such as brush (scrub).
Due to the length of the chains and the higher weight of the blades, they are better at cutting thick brush than other mowers, because of the relatively high inertia of the blades.
Drum mowers have their horizontally-mounted cutting blades attached to the outside of a relatively large diameter disc fixed to the bottom of a smaller diameter drum and are principally designed for cutting lighter crops, such as grass, very quickly.
Al Dubin came from a Russian Jewish family that emigrated to the United States from Switzerland when he was two years old.
Between ages of thirteen and sixteen, Dubin played hookey from school in order to travel into New York City to see Broadway musical shows.
At age 14 he began writing special material for a vaudeville entertainer on 28th Street between 5th and Broadway in New York City, otherwise known as Tin Pan Alley.
Dubin was accepted and enrolled at Perkiomen Seminary in September 1909, but was expelled in 1911, after writing their Alma Mater (song).
In 1917, Dubin was drafted at Camp Upton in Yaphank, Long Island, and served as a private in the 305th Field Artillery of the 77th Division, known as New York's own.
They were married on March 19, 1921, at the Church of St. Elizabeth in New York City, after Dubin converted to the Catholic faith and McClay was granted an annulment of her first marriage.
In 1925, Dubin met the composer Harry Warren, who was to become his future collaborator at Warner Bros. studio in Hollywood.
Warner Bros. purchased the publishing firms of Witmark, Remick and Harms, and since Dubin was under contract to Harms, Warner Bros. inherited his services.
Julie Nixon Eisenhower (born July 5, 1948) is an American author who is the younger daughter of Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, and Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States, and is the wife of David Eisenhower, grandson of President Eisenhower.
Born in Washington, D.C., while her father was a Congressman, Julie and her elder sister, Patricia Nixon Cox, grew up in the public eye.
Her 1968 marriage to David Eisenhower, grandson of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was seen as a union between two of the most prominent political families in the United States.
Julie Nixon was born while her father, Richard Nixon, was a Congressman, but much of her childhood coincided with her father's service as Dwight Eisenhower's Vice-President (1953–61).
At his second inauguration, President Eisenhower suggested to 8-year-old Julie as their photograph was being taken, to hide a black eye (which she had acquired in a sledding accident) by turning her head.
As a child, one of her favorite pets was a cocker spaniel named Checkers, who figured prominently in one of her father's most famous speeches, given during his 1952 campaign for Vice President of the United States.
After her father lost his presidential bid in 1960 the family returned to California, where her father ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1962.
The Nixons then moved to New York after the gubernatorial race, and Julie attended Smith College after her graduation from the Chapin School.
They discussed the invitations and both chose to decline, but would come in contact again when David visited Julie with his roommate from Amherst and took her and a friend out to get some ice cream.
She began dating David Eisenhower in the fall of 1966 when both were freshmen at Smith College and Amherst College, respectively.
In 1966 during the funeral for Raymond Pitcairn, a friend of the Nixons, Julie mentioned to Mamie that she would be attending Smith College.
Mamie told her of David's plans to go to Amherst College, and soon started trying to get David to call on her.
In 1966, Julie Nixon was presented as a debutante to high society at the International Debutante Ball at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City.
After her father resigned from office, the two lived in California near Julie's parents and later in the suburbs of Philadelphia.
During the United States presidential election of 1968, when her father was the Republican nominee, Julie began to feel that she was not active enough in her father's campaign and worried over what she believed was Hubert Humphrey's popularity at Smith College, which she was attending at the time.
While her father served as President (1969–74), Julie became active at the White House as a spokesperson for children's issues, the environment, and the elderly.
She gave tours to disabled children, filled in for her mother at events, and took an active interest in foreign policy.
She and Tricia were placed in charge of Caroline Kennedy and John F. Kennedy, Jr., when they visited the White House in 1971.
The sisters took the young Kennedys on a tour of their former residence, which included going to their old bedrooms and to the Oval Office.
In 1971, when David was assigned to the Mayport, Florida-based , they moved to the Jacksonville beach community of Atlantic Beach, Florida.
She had been hired to teach third grade at Atlantic Beach Elementary School beginning that fall, but she had to quit when she broke her toe just before classes were to start.
The Eisenhowers continued to live in Atlantic Beach until 1973, even hosting the President and the First Lady at their beachfront garage apartment on Beach Avenue.
After the news of the Watergate break-in and suspicions that it might reach as high as the Oval Office began to mount, Julie took on the press at home and abroad.
On July 4, 1973, she told two reporters that her father had considered resigning over Watergate, but that the family had talked him out of it.
Just before noon on August 9, 1974, Julie stood behind her father while he gave his goodbye speech to the White House staff.
For over twenty years she served on the Board of Directors for Jobs for America's Graduates, a national organization that helps young people graduate from high school and transition into a first job.
From 2002 to 2006 she was Chair of the President's Commission on White House Fellowships, a program fostering leadership in the nation's most exceptional young adults.
She, along with her sister and father, was with her mother when she died of lung cancer on June 22, 1993.
Four days later, on June 26, 1993, she attended her mother's funeral service on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library in Yorba Linda.
The Justice Department moved on April 14, 1999 to prevent her from making an appearance to testify during a legal battle over whether the government would pay her father's estate millions designated for his Presidential Library in compensation for papers and tapes seized when he resigned.
In 2001, she expressed interest in exhuming the body of Checkers, a dog attributed to her father's career when he campaigned for vice president that died in 1964.
As opposed to Tricia's wish for the money to be controlled by a group affiliated with their family, Julie wanted it to be controlled by the library's board.
As long as he's on the outside, historians will continue to look at him, I feel, in a more negative light.
Due in large part to advocating by Julie Eisenhower, the Nixon Library became part of the National Archives system in July 2007.
In spite of her family's history of supporting Republicans, Julie donated $2,300 to Barack Obama in the 2008 Democratic primary race against Hillary Clinton.
On March 16, 2012, she and her sister arrived in Yorba Linda to celebrate what would have been their mother's 100th birthday.
On November 23, 2013, Eisenhower and her husband opened a holiday exhibit for the Nixon Library, which remained there until January 5, 2014.
Walter Daniel John Tull (28 April 1888 – 25 March 1918) was an English professional footballer and British Army officer of Afro-Caribbean descent.
He played as an inside forward and half back for Clapton, Tottenham Hotspur and Northampton Town and was the third person of mixed heritage to play in the top division of the Football League.
The stepmother was unable to cope with six children so the resident minister of Folkestone's Grace Hill Wesleyan Chapel, recommended that the two boys of school age, Walter and Edward, should be sent to an orphanage.
From the age of 9, Tull was brought up in the (Methodist) Children's Home and Orphanage (now known as Action for Children) in Bethnal Green, London.
His brother was adopted by the Warnock family of Glasgow, becoming Edward Tull-Warnock; he qualified as a dentist, the first mixed-heritage person to practise this profession in the United Kingdom.
By the end of the season he had won winners' medals in the FA Amateur Cup, London County Amateur Cup and London Senior Cup.
At the age of 21, Tull signed for Football League First Division team, Tottenham Hotspur, in the summer of 1909, after a close-season tour of Argentina and Uruguay, making him the first mixed-heritage professional footballer to play in Latin America.
Tull made his debut for Tottenham in September 1909 at inside forward against Sunderland and his home Football League debut against FA Cup-holders, Manchester United, in front of over 30,000.
However, soon after, Tull was dropped from the first team and found it difficult to get a sustained run back in the side.
The manager Herbert Chapman – also a Methodist – was a former Spurs player and had played as a young man with Arthur Wharton at Stalybridge Rovers; he went on to manage both Huddersfield Town and Arsenal to FA Cup wins and League championships.
After the First World War broke out in August 1914, Tull became the first Northampton Town player to enlist in the British Army, in December of that year.
Tull served in the two Football Battalions of the Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex) Regiment – the 17th and 23rd – and also in the 5th Battalion.
The commanding officer of the 23rd Battalion, Major Poole and his colleague 2Lt Pickard both said that Tull had been put forward for a Military Cross.
It would have been against army regulations for serving officers to inform an officer's next of kin that their relative had been recommended for, and refused, an honour; it was a court-martial offence.
He was killed in action near the village of Favreuil in the Pas-de-Calais on 25 March during the First Battle of Bapaume, the early stages of the German Army's Spring Offensive.
His body was never recovered, despite the efforts of, among others, Private Tom Billingham, a former goalkeeper for Leicester Fosse to return him to the British position while under fire.
From around 2006, campaigners including the then Northampton South MP, Brian Binley, and Phil Vasili, who has researched Tull since the early 1990s, called for a statue to be erected in his honour at Dover and for him to be posthumously awarded the Military Cross.
However, as the Military Cross was not authorised to be awarded posthumously until 1979, and the change did not include any provision for retrospective awards, this would not be possible without a change in the rules.
The campaigners felt this would be justified given that the army broke the rules in allowing Tull a commission at a time when the army was desperately short of officers.
If he had been recommended for a Military Cross, his status as an officer of non-European descent might have meant to award him the honour would validate his status, leading to more mixed-heritage officers being commissioned.
Tull is commemorated on Bay 7 of the Arras Memorial which commemorates 34,785 soldiers who have no known grave, who died in the Arras sector.
His older brother William, of the Royal Engineers, died in 1920, aged 37, and is buried in the cemetery with a CWGC headstone so his death was recognised as a result of his war service.
He is named on the Folkestone War Memorial, at the top of the Road of Remembrance in Folkestone, and in Dover his name is on the town war memorial outside Maison Dieu House, and on the parish memorial at River.
Through his actions, W. D. J. Tull ridiculed the barriers of ignorance that tried to deny people of colour equality with their contemporaries.
His life stands testament to a determination to confront those people and those obstacles that sought to diminish him and the world in which he lived.
A road behind the North Stand (The Dave Bowen Stand) at Sixfields Stadium is named Walter Tull Way, and a public house, adjacent to the stadium, bears his name.
In 2010, a planning application to erect a bronze memorial statue of Tull in Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park close to the Imperial War Museum in London, was refused by Southwark London Borough Council.
On 21 October 2014, a blue plaque was unveiled at 77 Northumberland Park, London N17, on the site of the house where Tull lived before the war, close to the White Hart Lane ground.
On 25 March 2018, to commemorate the centenary of his death, Rushden & District History Society unveiled a blue plaque at 26 Queen Street, Rushden where he lodged while playing at Northampton Town.
In September 2018, to mark the centenary of the end of the First World War, Royal Mail produced a set of stamps, one of which features Tull.
On Remembrance Sunday 2018, the people of Ayr, Scotland, came together to etch a large sand portrait of Tull into the town's beach as part of ‘Pages of the Sea’, a nationwide public art project curated by Oscar-winning filmmaker Danny Boyle.
In mathematics, the Riemann–Liouville integral associates with a real function formula_1 another function formula_2 of the same kind for each value of the parameter α > 0.
The integral is a manner of generalization of the repeated antiderivative of formula_3 in the sense that for positive integer values of α, formula_2 is an iterated antiderivative of formula_3 of order α.
The Riemann–Liouville integral is named for Bernhard Riemann and Joseph Liouville, the latter of whom was the first to consider the possibility of fractional calculus in 1832.
The integral is well-defined provided formula_3 is a locally integrable function, and α is a complex number in the half-plane re(α) > 0.
Clearly formula_8 is an antiderivative of formula_3 (of first order), and for positive integer values of α, formula_2 is an antiderivative of order α by Cauchy formula for repeated integration.
These properties make possible not only the definition of fractional integration, but also of fractional differentiation, by taking enough derivatives of formula_2.
An alternative fractional derivative was introduced by Caputo in 1967, and produces a derivative that has different properties: it produces zero from constant functions and, more importantly, the initial value terms of the Laplace Transform are expressed by means of the values of that function and of its derivative of integer order rather than the derivatives of fractional order as in the Riemann–Liouville derivative.
Goschen served under John Major as a Lord-in-waiting from 1992 to 1994 and as Under-Secretary of State for Transport from 1994 to 1997.
In 1999 he was among the Conservative hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, the youngest chosen by any party group.
Craig's Brother began in 1995 when Ted Bond, singer and guitar player for General Handywork, joined forces with Andy Snyder, Scott Hrapoff, and Heath Konkel, to pursue a sound that was inspired by the early Fat Wreck Chords releases, particularly Lagwagon.
In December of that year a young guitar player from Florida by the name of Ryan Key convinced the band that he should allow him to come out to California to audition.
After touring vigorously the majority of 1999 the band found themselves without a van or money to buy one in August.
When the band decided to go home and regroup, Ryan decided to go back to Jacksonville where he got a job with Sean Mackin and eventually joined Yellowcard.
After recording finished in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in January, Dan McLintock also opted to return home to Jacksonville, rejoining his old band Inspection 12.
The band continued to play shows experimenting with a number of drummers and guitar players including Garrett Baldwin, Justin (Juice) Cabrera and Steven Neufeld.
The band openly gave their support to file sharing, arguing that sales would ultimately benefit from the free publicity, although reminding the fans that their label was against it.
Both of Craig’s Brother’s Tooth and Nail releases were initially banned from Family Book Stores and picked up later due to the demand from customers.
The band's perspectives on the Christian Music industry, and Napster led to strained a relationship with their label and in fall of 2000, Craig's Brother was released from their contract by Tooth & Nail Records.
Tooth & Nail would press the album in February 2001, but did little to promote it, even neglecting to inform retailers of its existence.
The three longest-lasting members, Ted Bond, Scott Hrapoff and Heath Konkel reunited around Christmas 2003 and Craig's Brother was reformed, with Sam Prather as their new guitarist.
Struggling to find any suiting guitarists, as Steven was often busy working with his own band, HeyMike!, lead singer and songwriter Ted himself took up the role of rhythm guitarist.
On March 23, 2009 the band began recording their third full-length album at The Compound recording studio in Felton, CA with Kyle Black acting as producer, collaborating with their former guitarist Andy Snyder, and also again incorporating the services of former members Steven Neufeld and Adam Nigh.
Without a record label, they financed this record themselves, and worked on it over the next year and a half at DK2 Studios in Santa Cruz, CA with Andy and Ted producing.
It was made available for streaming its entirety on Christmas Day and then released on January 24, 2011 as a digital download, and later that spring on CD, and finally Veritas Vinyl pressed an LP in the summer of 2011.
Éamonn Ceannt (21 September 1881 – 8 May 1916), born Edward Thomas Kent, was an Irish republican, mostly known for his role in the Easter Rising of 1916.
They were a very religious Catholic family and it has been said that Ceannt's religious teaching as a child stayed with him for the rest of his life.
Two events that evoked nationalism at the end of the 19th century were the 1798 commemoration and the Boer War in South Africa.
It was here where he first met many of the men who would play a major role in the rising, including Patrick Pearse and Eoin MacNeill.
The main purposes of the league were to educate people on the Irish culture, revive the Irish language along with Irish music, dancing, poetry, literature and history.
Ceannt was an extremely committed member to the league, he was an elected a member of the governing body and by 1905 he was teaching Irish language classes in branch offices of the league.
Ceannt's musical talents earned him a gold medal at the 1906 Oireachtas and in 1905 he even put on a performance for Pope Pius X.
It is said that the main language in the Pipers Club was Irish and played a role in reviving Irish music.
She came from a strongly nationalist family, both of her sisters Kathleen and Lily O'Brennan were also involved in the nationalist movement.
In 1907 Ceannt joined the Dublin central branch of Sinn Féin and over the following years he became increasingly determined to see an Independent Ireland.
After 5 years of schooling in Louth, the family moved to Drogheda, where he attended the Christian Brothers school, Sunday's Gate (Now Scholars Townhouse Hotel).
After finishing he was presented with the opportunity to work for the civil service but turned this position down as he felt he would be working for the British.
He went on to secure a job with the clerical staff of the City Treasurer and Estates and Finances office; he was working as an accountant with the Dublin Corporation from 1901-1916.
Ceannt was involved in trade unionism, being a member of the Dublin Metropolitan Officers’ Association and later serving as its chairman.
In May 1915, the IRB Military Council, consisting of Joseph Plunkett and Sean MacDiarmada as well as Ceannt, began plans for a rebellion.
Ceannt was one of the seven men to sign the Proclamation of Independence for the Irish Republic and had been appointed Director of Communications.
He was made commandant of the 4th Battalion of the Volunteers, and during the Rising was stationed at the South Dublin Union, with more than 100 men under his command, notably his second-in-command Cathal Brugha, and W. T. Cosgrave.
As 3rd Royal Irish came to Mount Brown, a section of Ceannt's battalion under section commander John Joyce opened fire, killing a number of soldiers.
Ceannt used a contingent at the Marrowbone Lane Distillery to enfilade the passing soldiers; grinding attacks broke through to the Women's Infirmary.
On Tuesday 25 April, the British could have closed off the battle, but failed to press home the advantage when the 4th Royal Dublin Fusiliers arrived, and Ceannt continued to hold out with 20 times fewer men.
The British were forced to tunnel into the buildings and, as Ceannt's numbers reduced, it was increasingly involved in close quarter fighting.
His unit saw intense fighting at times during the week, but surrendered when ordered to do so by his superior officer Patrick Pearse.
After the unconditional surrender of the 1916 fighters, Eamonn Ceannt along with the other survivors were brought to Richmond Barracks to be detained.
While Ceannt was being picked for trial, volunteer James Couhlan remembers him being determined in looking after the welfare of ‘the humblest of those who had served under him’.
These legal issues only allowed the death penalty to be used if one was found aiding the enemy, being Germany at that time.
Not until Maxwell obtained a letter from Patrick Pearse addressed to his mother regarding the communication with the Germans was he legally obliged to deploy the death penalty.
I leave for the guidance of other Irish Revolutionaries who may tread the path which I have trod this advice, never to treat with the enemy, never to surrender at his mercy, but to fight to a finish...Ireland has shown she is a nation.
Galway City's Ceannt Station, the main bus and rail station in his native county of Galway, is named in his honour, as well as Éamonn Ceannt Park in Dublin.
There is also a commemorative plaque on the wall of Scholars Townhouse Hotel, the former Christian Brother School where Eamonn Ceannt was educated.
It is a soft creamy cheese available in a variety of flavours, with a flavour and texture somewhat similar to cream cheese.
Boursin cheese was first developed in Normandy, and at one time was produced exclusively in Croisy-sur-Eure, France, by the Boursin company.
In 1990, the Boursin name was acquired by Unilever, which sold it to Groupe Bel in November 2007 for €400 million.
It is the 5th largest historically black university in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida.
It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida, as well as one of the state's land grant universities, and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
The university is classified as an R2 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, which denotes higher research activity.
For 2017, the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A&M University 216th nationally and 2nd among HBCU for total research and development expenditures.
Abolitionist Jonathan C. Gibbs first introduced legislation to create the State Normal College for Colored Students in 1885, one year after being elected to the Florida Legislature.
The college was located in Tallahassee because Leon County and adjacent counties led the state in African-American population, reflecting Tallahassee's former status as the center of Florida's slave trade.
The site of the university is the 375-acre slave plantation of Florida governor William Pope Duval, whose mansion, today the site of the Carnegie Library, burned in 1905.
On October 3, 1887, the State Normal College for Colored Students began classes, and became a land-grant college four years later when it received $7,500 under the Second Morrill Act, and its name was changed to State Normal and Industrial College for Colored Students.
However, it was not an official institution of higher learning until the 1905 Buckman Act, which transferred control from the Department of Education to the Board of Control, creating what was the foundation for the modern Florida A&M University.
This same act is responsible for the creation of the University of Florida and Florida State University from their previous institutions.
In 1909, the name of the college was once again changed, to Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes, and in 1953 the name was finally changed to Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University.
Two faculty members resigned in connection with a hazing investigation and 13 people were charged with felony or misdemeanor hazing crimes; one student, a band member, was convicted of manslaughter and hazing charges and sentenced to six years in prison.
The scandal resulted in the resignation of FAMU's president and played a role in the university's regional accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, placing FAMU on probation for one year.
In 2017, FAMU became the first university to launch an African-American news network through its School of Journalism and Graphic Communications.
In 2019, FAMU and other HBCUs developed a partnership with Adtalem Global Education and its for-profit Ross University School of Medicine in Barbados.
MSP is a rigorous pre-medical program designed to uniquely prepare academically talented undergraduate students for success in medical school and beyond.
FAMU has nine fully funded, endowed, eminent-scholars chairs, including two in the School of Journalism and Graphic Communications, four in the School of Business & Industry, one in the College of Education, one in Arts and Sciences, and one in its School of Pharmacy.
In 2017, the university had a four-year graduation rate of 21.8% and a six-year graduation rate of 47%, the lowest rates of all the universities in the State University System of Florida.
It received its present name in 1985 in recognition of the expanded role and mission of the college in professional and graduate education.
The Pharmacy School in 2009–2010 graduate student enrollment was 122, with 42 PhDs, 21 DrPH, 45 MPH and 14 MS candidates.
On December 21, 1949, a division of law was established at the then Florida A&M College, and the first class was admitted in 1951.
The FAMU law school was closed through a vote by the Florida legislature in 1965, with the funds transferred to a new law school at Florida State University; vindictiveness for FAMU activism in support of desegregation was a factor.
The College of Law reopened in 2002 and now occupies its own building at 201 Beggs Avenue in downtown Orlando with an onsite College of Law Library that is open to the general public.
The Pharmacy College's research funding is $20.2 million ($20.2 million in federal, $300k in state support, and from $300k in private industry support) with $29,281,352 committed.
Exceptions to this rule include married students, students with dependents, and students who are of age 21 by the start of classes.
Part of the campus is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College Historic District.
The Samuel H. Coleman Memorial Library is the University's main library, named for the man who served as the University's general alumni president for 14 years.
After the University's main building containing administrative offices, cafeteria, and library were destroyed by fire, Andrew Carnegie donated a $10,000 gift for the construction of a new library facility.
The new library was officially dedicated during FAMU's 1949 annual Founders Day celebration in honor of civil leader Samuel H. Coleman.
The facility includes study rooms, a student study lounge and cafe, graduate and faculty study carrels, teleconference rooms, and a state-of-the-art information literacy classroom.
The Libraries hold nearly 2 million volumes, over 155,000 e-books and e-journals, and 256,126 microforms, which are readily accessible to users and support both onsite and online programs.
In 1907, when the city of Tallahassee turned down philanthropist Andrew Carnegie's offer of a library building, because by his rules it would have had to serve black patrons, Carnegie funded instead the Carnegie Library at FAMU.
From 1938 to 1961, the football team won the Black College National Championship eight times, including six times under head coach Jake Gaither, in 1950, 1952, 1954, 1957, 1959 and 1961.
When Gaither retired after 25 years of coaching in 1969, his FAMU teams had a 203-36-4 (wins-losses-ties) record, for a .844 winning percentage.
The men's basketball team has qualified for the opening round game of the NCAA men's basketball tournament three times (1999, 2004 and 2007).
FAMU is the fifth largest HBCU in the nation with a student body of nearly 10,000 students hailing from all regions of the United States and several foreign countries.
The Student Government Association (SGA) is the official voice of the student body and is divided into three branches: Executive, Judicial, and Legislative.
FAMU is home to both Army ROTC and Naval ROTC units, permitting students to pursue careers as commissioned officers in the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Marine Corps, upon graduation.
For those FAMU students desiring to become commissioned officers in the U.S. Air Force, a cross-campus arrangement permits their taking Air Force ROTC training with the AFROTC detachment at nearby Florida State University (FSU).
Likewise, Florida State students desiring to become Navy and Marine Corps officers may also enroll with FAMU's NROTC unit under a similar arrangement.
The FAMU marching band, The Marching 100, received national recognition in January 1993 when it performed in the 42nd Presidential Inauguration Parade by invitation of Bill Clinton.
Frith was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to higher education and popular music.
He argues that rock music is a mass cultural form which derives its meaning and relevance from being a mass medium.
He served as the 28th Governor of Florida from 1941 to 1945, and as a United States Senator from Florida from 1946 to 1971.
on one occasion, he played so well as a pitcher in an exhibition game against the Philadelphia Athletics that Connie Mack (the grandfather of Connie Mack III, who would one day hold the Senate seat Holland once occupied) offered him a contract (he declined).
Huffaker in the Huffaker & Holland law firm, but his plans were interrupted by World War I. Holland volunteered for service and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Corps, where he was transferred to France and served in the brigade's JAG Corps as an assistant adjutant.
Here he served with Lt. George E. Goldwaithe as a gunner and aerial observer, gathering information and taking photographs in reconnaissance missions behind enemy lines.
At various times he took part in battles at Meuse-Argonne, Champagne, St. Mihiel, and Lunéville, where he downed two enemy planes.
He served two years in the prosecutor's office, but left after being elected to a four-year term as a county judge in 1920.
Holland returned to private law practice later that year, joining William F. Bevis in the law firm of Holland & Bevis.
member of the school committee, he drafted and cosponsored the Florida School Code and supported legislation that raised teachers' pay and retirement benefits.
During his time as governor, Holland was noted for reforming the state tax system and supporting cigarette taxes to reduce a $4 million debt in the state budget.
When American involvement in World War II began with the attack on Pearl Harbor, Holland promoted new military bases in Florida and coordinated state defenses with the federal government.
Holland's negotiation of the purchase of Everglades wetland and marshland in 1944 helped lead to the establishment of the Everglades National Park in 1947.
On September 25, 1946 Holland assumed the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Charles O. Andrews, who had died a week earlier.
During the 87th Congress Holland introduced a constitutional amendment prohibiting states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
Approved by both Houses of Congress in August 1962, the amendment was quickly ratified by the required three-fourths of the states (38), and in January 1964 became the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
He won a fourth term in 1964, this time defeating Republican Claude R. Kirk, Jr.. Then, in November 1969, at the age of 77, Holland announced that he would not seek re-election in 1970.
Cramer had the endorsement of U.S. President Richard Nixon, and had handily defeated G. Harrold Carswell (whom Nixon had earlier nominated unsuccessfully to the United States Supreme Court) in the Republican primary.
It is the southernmost of the barrier islands along the Atlantic coast of Florida, and lies south of Miami Beach and southeast of Miami.
The southern part of the island is now protected as Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, adjacent to Biscayne National Park, one of the two national parks in Miami-Dade County.
Geologists believe that the island emerged around 2000 BCE, soon after the sea level stopped rising, as the sand built up to form new barrier islands on the southern Florida coast.
The Cape Florida Channel separates the island from the Safety Valve, an expanse of shallow flats cut by tidal channels that extends southward about to the Ragged Keys, at the northern end of the Florida Keys.
The Cape Florida Channel (ten to eleven feet [three to three-and-a-half meters] deep in 1849) and Bear Cut (four feet [a little more than one meter] deep in 1849) are the deepest natural channels into Biscayne Bay.
They provided the only access for ocean-going vessels to Biscayne Bay until artificial channels were dredged starting early in the 20th century.
In 1849 the island had a fine sandy beach on the east side, and mangroves and lagoons on the west side.
Relations were established with the Tequesta, and in 1567 a mission was established on the mainland across the bay from Key Biscayne.
He moved his household to the island, but after six months, the family returned to St. Augustine, leaving a caretaker Vincent on the island.
In the early nineteenth century, African-American slaves and Black Seminoles escaped to the Bahamas from Cape Florida, including hundreds in the 1820s, to evade American slavers.
In 1824 Mary Ann Channer Davis, who had moved to St. Augustine with her husband in 1821, bought the Fornells claim to Key Biscayne from one of the Fornells' heirs for US$100.
Marshal, probably were aware of plans to build a lighthouse on the Florida coast somewhere between St. Augustine and Key West, and knew that Key Biscayne was a likely location for it.
Mary and William sold three acres (about one-and-a-quarter hectares) of their newly acquired land at the southern tip of the island (Cape Florida) to the U.S. government for US$225.
During the early 1820s an estimated 300 Black Seminoles found passage from Key Biscayne to Andros Island in the Bahamas on seagoing canoes and Bahamian boats.
Although Key Biscayne was less suitable as a departure point after the lighthouse was built, the Bahamas remained a haven for escaping slaves.
The first U.S. citizens to take up permanent residence on Key Biscayne were Captain John Dubose, his wife Margaret and their five children in 1825, when Dubose became the first keeper for the new Cape Florida Light, a post he held until the lighthouse was burned in 1836.
During his tenure as lighthouse keeper, Dubose received hundreds of plants and seeds from Dr. Henry Perrine, United States Consul in Campeche, Mexico, which he planted on the island.
In 1835 a major hurricane struck the island, damaging the lighthouse and the keeper's house, and putting the island under three feet of water, which killed almost all the plants that Dr. Perrine had sent from Mexico.
In 1836, during the Second Seminole War, Seminoles attacked and burned the Cape Florida lighthouse, severely wounding the assistant lighthouse keeper in charge; his black assistant died of wounds.
The fort was initially known as Fort Dallas or Fort Bankhead, but it was eventually renamed Fort Russell for Captain Samuel L. Russell.
Some of the Seminoles captured during the war were held at Fort Russell until they could be placed on ships to be removed to Indian Territory.
Colonel Harney had two earlier encounters with Seminoles, the first a battle in which Chief Arpeika eluded capture, and a second in which Harney escaped in only his shirt and drawers from an early morning attack (the Harney Massacre) on his camp led by Chief Chakaika.
After Chakaika led the raid on Indian Key in August 1840, Harney set out into the Everglades after Chakaika, and killed him in his own camp.
The war quieted down after that, with active pursuit of the Seminoles ending in 1842, although some of the Seminoles remained hidden in the Everglades.
When Indian Key had been named the seat for the newly created Dade County in 1836, the county provided that the county court would meet annually on Key Biscayne.
There is no evidence that the post office ever opened; in 1842 the Postmaster General noted that the appointed postmaster had not completed any of the requirements for opening the post office.
A complication arose when Venancio Sanchez of St. Augustine purchased for US$400 a half share in the old Fornells grant from another surviving heir, who lived in Havana.
A feud quickly developed between Sanchez and the Davises, with Sanchez demanding a division of the property, and the Davises refusing to acknowledge that Sanchez had any claim to the island.
The Davises had hoped that a restored lighthouse would be the centerpiece of their town, but all attempts to repair the lighthouse failed while the war was on.
The numerous ship wrecks that occurred along the southeast coast of Florida from Key Biscayne to the Dry Tortugas was a cause for concern.
The Assistant United States Coast Surveyor reported that in the period from 1845 through 1849, almost one million (United States) dollars worth of vessels and cargoes were lost on the reef.
In a report written by Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee, the Board recommended that Key Biscayne be made a military reservation, and the United States Secretary of War so ordered in March 1849.
Later that year, the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers set up a camp with an astronomical/magnetic station to serve as a datum base for a survey of the Florida Keys and the Great Florida Reef.
Approximately forty men were based at Cape Florida working on the survey when Alexander Dallas Bache, Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey, went to Key Biscayne in 1855 to take charge of it.
The survey eventually covered Key Biscayne, Biscayne Bay, the Florida Keys from south of Key Biscayne to the Marquesas Keys, and Florida Bay from the Keys to Cape Sable.
In 1861, Confederate militants sabotaged the lighthouse so that it could not guide Union sailors during the blockade of Confederate Florida.
In 1878 the Cape Florida Light was replaced by the Fowey Rocks Light, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Cape Florida.
From 1888 to 1893, the Cape Florida lighthouse was leased by the United States Secretary of the Treasury for a total of US$1.00 (20 cents per annum) to the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club for use as its headquarters.
In 1898, in response to the growing tension with Spain over Cuba, which led to the Spanish–American War, the Cape Florida lighthouse was briefly made U.S. Signal Station Number Four.
The earliest mention of coconuts on Key Biscayne is a Spanish account from 1568, although the reference may be to cocoplums rather than coconuts.
Mature coconut trees were on Cape Florida by the 1830s, likely grown from coconuts sent from Mexico by Henry Perrine to the first lighthouse keeper, John Dubose.
In the 1880s Ezra Asher Osborn and Elnathan T. Field of New Jersey started an enterprise to develop the Florida coast from Key Biscayne to Jupiter by clearing native vegetation, leveling Indian midden mounds and beach dunes, and planting coconuts.
As a result of their efforts, in 1885 Osborn and Field were allowed to purchase Key Biscayne and other oceanfront land from the Florida Internal Improvement Trust Fund for 70 cents an acre.
Venancio Sanchez still claimed a half share of the Fornells Grant, two of the town lots had been sold to William Harney around 1840, and Osborne and Field had their deed from the Florida Internal Improvement Fund.
Davis started a pineapple plantation on Key Biscayne; six acres (two-and-a-half hectares) had been cleared and planted in pineapples in 1893–94.
It was a two-story cottage with five bedrooms and verandas on three sides, raised ten feet above the ground on pilings to protect against storm surges.
He soon built a home, the Barnacle, on land on the mainland in Coconut Grove that he bought from John Frow, keeper of the Cape Florida Light and Fowey Rocks Light.
Munroe engaged in wrecking in the waters around Key Biscayne, built sailboats, worked as a pilot for the Cape Florida Channel and opened a pineapple cannery, to which Davis sent his pineapples.
Before mail service to the Miami area improved, Munroe would camp out on Key Biscayne every Tuesday evening so that he could sail out to the edge of the Gulf Stream early Wednesday morning to retrieve a package of newspapers and magazines dropped for him in waterproof pouches by a passing steamship.
Now their son Waters was a retired millionaire, and interested only in preserving Key Biscayne as a quiet retreat for his family.
For a while Flagler's arrival did disturb their quiet, as Flagler brought in dredges to deepen the Cape Florida Channel and the approaches to the mouth of the Miami River, muddying the formerly clear waters of Biscayne Bay.
Soon, however, a shorter route from the ocean to Miami was dredged through the southern end of what is now Miami Beach, at Government Cut, and the Cape Florida Channel was allowed to return to a natural state.
In 1902 William John Matheson, who had made his fortune in the aniline dye business, visited Biscayne Bay on his yacht.
In 1908 Matheson began buying up the property on Key Biscayne north of the Davis holdings, all the way to Bear Cut, over 1,700 (about 690 hectares) acres.
It included housing for the workers and their families, packing houses, docks, a school, a big barn, windmills, and of (unpaved) roads.
This is now the most common variety of coconut found in Florida, after lethal yellowing killed off most of the Jamaican Tall coconut trees and many other varieties.
By 1933, the world price for coconut products had dropped to about two-fifths of its 1925 level, and the plantation stopped shipping.
Although Matheson bid on the property, Munroe arranged a sale, for US$20,000, to James Deering, the International Harvester heir and owner of Vizcaya in Miami.
An Act of Congress and two Executive Orders, in 1847 and 1897, had reserved the island for the federal lighthouse and for military purposes.
Patient legal work eventually convinced the U.S. Congress and President Woodrow Wilson to agree to recognize Matheson's and Deering's ownership of Key Biscayne.
In 1920 the heirs of Venancio Sanchez filed a lawsuit against James Deering, claiming an undivided half interest in his Cape Florida property.
In February 1926 William Matheson entered into an agreement with D. P. Davis (a land developer, not related to Waters Davis) to develop and re-sell the northern half of Key Biscayne, including all of what is now Crandon Park and about half the present Village of Key Biscayne.
Davis had experience with turning submerged or partially submerged land into prime real estate, having created the Davis Islands in Tampa and Davis Shores near St. Augustine.
There were dreams of a bridge to the island, making Key Biscayne the seaside resort for Coral Gables, as Miami Beach had become for Miami.
In March 1926 the U.S. government auctioned off some lots on Key Biscayne that had been retained when the rest of the island was transferred to the State of Florida.
The Mathesons wanted to have clear title to all of their land, and determined to outbid other interested parties for it.
They ended up paying US$58,055 for a total of of land, a record price per acre for the auction of U.S. government land up to that date.
In 1940 William Matheson's heirs donated of land (including of beach on the Atlantic Ocean) on the northern end of Key Biscayne to Dade County to be used as a public park (later named Crandon Park).
The county commissioner who negotiated the gift, Charles H. Crandon, had offered to have the county build a causeway to Key Biscayne in exchange for the land donation.
As planning for the air and sea complex on Virginia Key was proceeding, construction on a causeway to Virginia Key started in 1941.
The Attack on Pearl Harbor and the entry of the United States into World War II stopped all work on the causeway and the development of Virginia Key.
The causeway was named for Eddie Rickenbacker, World War I flying ace, and founder and president of the Miami-based Eastern Air Lines.
A U.S. Post Office contract branch was opened, the Community Church started holding services, and the Key Biscayne Elementary School opened in 1952.
In 1948 José Manuel Áleman, who had fled Cuba in the wake of scandals surrounding his service as education minister under Ramón Grau San Martín, bought the Cape Florida property from the Deering estate.
His offer to donate the lighthouse and ten acres (four hectares) of land around it to the National Park Service was not accepted.
In 1950 the Dade County Planning Board announced a plan to build a highway connecting Key Biscayne with the Overseas Highway on Key Largo.
The project envisioned bridges connecting artificial islands, to be built on the Safety Valve and existing small keys to Elliott Key and on to Key Largo.
Áleman was expected to donate the right-of-way for a road running down the middle of the island to the first bridge at Cape Florida.
With the prospect of a major highway passing through his property, Áleman rushed to prepare it for development: he had it completely cleared, leveled and filled in.
His widow, Elena Santeiro Garcia, added to her Cape Florida property by buying an ocean-to-bay strip that had been part of the Matheson property.
In 1966 Baggs brokered a deal between Elena Santeiro Garcia and the state of Florida, in which Florida bought the property for US$8.5 million, of which US$2.3 million came from the U.S. government.
In 2004 a sign was installed to commemorate the site as part of the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Trail, for the Black Seminoles who escaped to the Bahamas.
A complex of local variants which had a distinct identity from other Sámi dialects, but existed in a linguistic continuum between Inari Sámi and Skolt Sámi (some Kemi groups sounded more like Inari, and some more like Skolt, due to geographic proximity).
A short vocabulary was written by the Finnish priest Jacob Fellman in 1829 after he visited the villages of Salla (Kuolajärvi until 1936) and Sompio.
Holland & Knight LLP is an international law firm with more than 1,300 lawyers and other professionals in 28 offices throughout the world.
Holland & Knight has U.S. offices in Anchorage, Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Houston, Jacksonville, Lakeland, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, Northern Virginia (Tyson's Corner), Orlando, Philadelphia, Portland, San Francisco, Stamford, Tallahassee, Tampa, Washington, D.C., and West Palm Beach.
The firm also maintains working relationships with many law firms throughout South and Central America; the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Sweden and, Norway; Europe and the U.K.; and within the Pacific Rim.
A young Spessard Holland declined a contract to pitch for the Philadelphia Athletics and went on to graduate from Emory University in 1912.
He was a top student in the University of Florida Law School class of 1916 and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross after an aerial mission behind enemy lines during World War I. Mr. Holland served as county judge eight years after the war, then established a law practice in 1929 with W.F.
After leaving the Senate in January 1971, he returned to Holland & Knight to practice law until his death in November 1971.
After graduating from Valparaiso University Law School at age 18, Peter O. Knight moved to Fort Myers, Florida, and was elected mayor in 1886 shortly before his 21st birthday.
Following service in the Florida Legislature, he settled in Tampa, Florida in 1889, five years after the city was chartered, to start a law practice.
Senator Spessard L. Holland was a pallbearer at his funeral—22 years before the names of Holland and Knight would be linked in one of Florida's largest law firms.
During his 55-year professional career, Chesterfield Smith gained notoriety as the outspoken president of the ABA who made an early public call to investigate President Richard M. Nixon during the Watergate scandal.
According to the Center for Responsive Politics, Holland & Knight was one of the top law firms contributing to federal candidates during the 2012 election cycle, donating $1.19 million, 59% to Democrats.
By comparison, during that same period Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld donated $2.56 million, 66% to Democrats, while oil conglomerate ExxonMobil donated $2.66 million, 88% to Republicans.
Since 1990, Holland & Knight has contributed $10.47 million to federal campaigns, and spent over $1 million on lobbying since 2001.
Holland & Knight is known for representing people with legal problems who otherwise would have been denied access to the legal system.
Charitable giving is managed and coordinated by the Holland & Knight Charitable Foundation (GuideStar Profile), which was established as a 501(c)(3) public charity in 1996.
The foundation underwrites several programs that support education, including the Opening Doors for Children reading program, the Holocaust Remembrance Project national essay contest, Young Native Writers Essay Contest for Native American high school students, and Dream Scholarship Essay Contest designed to honor the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Founder and chairman emeritus of Holland & Knight, Chesterfield Smith (1917–2003) was one of the country's most prominent lawyers, and his name remains one of the most revered in national legal circles.
Created initially as a relatively small tactical unit specialized in sensitive hostage situations, it has since grown into a larger and more diversified force of nearly 400 members, with expanded responsibilities.
Although most of its operations take place in France, the unit, as a component of the French Armed Forces, can operate anywhere in the world.
Since its formation, GIGN has been involved in over 1,800 missions and rescued more than 600 hostages, making it one of the most experienced counter-terrorism units in the world.
The unit came into prominence following its successful assault on a hijacked Air France flight at Marseille Marignane airport in December 1994.
GIGN was formed in , near Paris, in 1973 in the wake of the Munich massacre and other less well known events in France.
Initially named ECRI ( or Regional Commando Intervention Team), it became operational in March 1974, under the command of then-lieutenant and performed its first mission ten days later.
Another unit, named GIGN, was created simultaneously within the Gendarmerie parachute squadron in in southwest France but the two units were merged under 's command in 1976 and adopted the GIGN designation.
In 1984, it became the police tactical unit of a larger organisation called GSIGN ( - ), together with EPIGN (), the Gendarmerie Parachute Squadron, GSPR (), the Presidential Security group and GISA (), a specialized training center.
In 2009, the Gendarmerie, while remaining part of the French Armed Forces, was attached to the Ministry of the interior, which already supervised the National Police.
The respective areas of responsibility of each force did not change however as the Police already had primary responsibility for major cities and large urban areas while the Gendarmerie was in charge of smaller towns, rural areas as well as specific military missions.
Under the new command structure, GIGN gendarmes can still be engaged in military operations outside of France due to their military status.
Since its creation, the group has taken part in over 1800 operations, liberated over 600 hostages and arrested over 1500 suspects, losing two members killed in action and seven in training.
On 9 December 2011, French Ministry of Defence, Gerard Longuet, gave the Cross for Military Valour to the flag of the unit for its participation to operation Harmattan in Libya.
On 31 July 2013, the unit's flag received a second Cross for Military Valour for its participation in the Afghanistan War (2001-).
In January 2015, GIGN is engaged for the very first time simultaneously with RAID (French police unit), during the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks.
On 15 June 2015, the unit's flag received the Medal for internal security and, due to its two Crosses for Military Valour, members of the group are officially allowed to wear the Fourragère.
There are several tactical specialties in the group, including: long-range sniping, breaching, observation and reconnaissance, executive protection, free fall parachuting with HALO/HAHO jumps, diving, etc.
Helicopter support is provided by Gendarmerie helicopters and, for tactical deployment of large groups, by GIH () a joint army/air force special operations flight equipped with SA330 PUMA helicopters based in nearby Villacoublay air base.
The domestic units, initially known as PI2Gs () have been redesignated as GIGN branches in April 2016; the overseas units initially known as GPIs () were in turn redesignated as GIGN branches on 26 July 2016.
As of 2016, the six metropolitan GIGN branches are located in Dijon, Nantes, Orange, Reims, Toulouse and Tours while the seven overseas branches are based in Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Réunion, Mayotte, French Polynesia and New Caledonia.
The twenty nuclear protection units called PSPGs (), located on site at each one of the French nuclear power plants, are not a part of GIGN but operate under its supervision.
The DGGN can take charge in a major crisis; however, most of the day-to-day missions are conducted in support of local units of the Departmental Gendarmerie.
GIGN is also a member of the European ATLAS Network, an informal association consisting of the special police units of the 28 states of the European Union.
GIGN was selected by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) to teach the special forces of the other member states in hostage-rescue exercises aboard planes.
Candidates undertake a one-week pre-selection screening followed, for those accepted, by a fourteen months training program which includes shooting, long-range marksmanship (it is often considered as one of the best shooting schools in the world), an airborne course and hand-to-hand combat training.
Like for most special forces, the training is stressful with a high washout rate, especially in the initial phase – only 7–8% of volunteers make it through the training process.
Although GIGN is part of the French military and has been deployed to external combat zones, it is primarily centered in France, engaging in peacetime operations as a special police force.
Respect of human life and fire discipline have always been taught to group members since inception, and each new member is traditionally issued with a 6 shot .357 revolver as a reminder of these values.
Even though he had played a major role in the negotiations, Legorgus's leadership during and after the action was contested even in his own unit and he left GIGN a few months later.
It is named for Hall of Famer Hobey Baker, who played college hockey at Princeton University and died in World War I.
The model for the award trophy was Steve Christoff, who played for the University of Minnesota and in the National Hockey League.
In ice hockey, the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team's net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring.
In today's age of goaltending there are two common styles, butterfly and hybrid (hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique).
The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game.
Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater, but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty (if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop).
Goaltending is a specialized position in ice hockey; at higher levels in the game, no goaltenders play other positions and no other players play goaltender.
At minor levels and recreational games, goaltenders do occasionally switch with others players that have been taught goaltending; however, most recreational hockey rules are now forbidding position swapping due to an increase in injuries.
Most teams typically have a starting goaltender who plays the majority of the regular season games and all of the playoffs, with the backup goaltender only stepping in if the starter is pulled or injured, or in cases where the schedule is too heavy for one goaltender to play every game.
These goaltenders are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goaltenders to start the game.
Some teams have used a goaltender tandem where two goaltenders split the regular season playing duties, though often one of them is considered the number one goaltender who gets the start in the playoffs.
An example is the 1982-83 New York Islanders with Billy Smith and Roland Melanson; Melanson was named to the NHL Second All-Star Team for his regular season play while Smith won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff MVP and both players shared the William M. Jennings Trophy for fewest goals allowed.
Another instance is the Edmonton Oilers' Andy Moog and Grant Fuhr; both of them earned All-Star Game appearances for the regular season play, with Moog being the starter in the 1983 playoffs and Fuhr for the 1984 playoffs (although Moog started Game 4 and 5 of the 1984 Stanley Cup Finals due to Fuhr's injury) and subsequent postseasons.
In an unusual case the 1996-97 Philadelphia Flyers' Ron Hextall and Garth Snow alternated in the playoffs; Snow started nine of the ten games during the first two rounds, but Hextall took over in game two of Conference Finals and remained the starting goaltender for the remainder of the playoffs, though Snow started for game two of the Stanley Cup Finals.
If a player from the other team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of his way, the offending player may be penalized.
In some leagues (including the NHL), if a goaltender's stick breaks, he can continue playing with a broken stick until the play is stopped, unlike other players who must drop any broken sticks immediately.
Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a normal player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player, the goaltender cannot be sent to the penalty box.
Instead, one of the goaltender's teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in his place.
If the goaltender receives a Game Misconduct or Match penalty, he is removed from the ice and a replacement goaltender is played.
Normally, the goaltender plays in or near the goal crease the entire game, unlike the other positions where players are on ice for shifts and make line changes.
However, goaltenders are often pulled if they have allowed several goals in a short period of time, whether they were at fault for the surrendered goals or not, and usually a substituted goaltender does not return for the rest of the game.
A goal scored by shooting the puck is particularly challenging as the goaltender has to aim for a six-foot-wide net that is close to 180 feet away, while avoiding opposing defencemen; in the case of own goals, the combined circumstance of the own goal itself in addition to the goaltender being the last player to touch the puck makes it a very rare occurrence.
At any time in a game, a team may remove its goaltender from the ice in favor of an extra attacker.
Using an extra attacker is usually intended to overwhelm the opposing team's defense, and unlike during a power play, the defense cannot legally ice the puck, (if they are not already shorthanded due to a penalty.
The vulnerability that comes with leaving the net untended means that, if the opposing team does manage to advance the puck out of their own defensive zone, a far easier empty net goal can be scored.
NHL rules strongly encourage that teams use goaltenders in overtime; if a team opts for the extra attacker in overtime and an empty-net goal is scored, the game is credited as a regulation loss instead of an overtime loss.
Teams thus typically forgo using a goaltender only in situations where they are trailing by one or two goals with only a short time (typically less than four minutes) left in the game and have possession of the puck in their opponent's defensive zone.
The rules of the IIHF, NHL and Hockey Canada do not permit goaltenders to be designated as on-ice captains, because of the logistical challenge of having the goaltender relay rules discussions between referees and coaches and then return to the crease.
Out of the five positions on the rink, goaltenders are frequently candidates for the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP, as they have won this honor in four of the last ten playoffs.
Patrick Roy has won a record three times, and four goaltenders have won the Conn Smythe as part of the losing team in the Finals.
Goaltenders often use a particular style, but in general they make saves any way they can: catching the puck with their glove hand, deflecting the shot with their stick, blocking it with their leg pads or blocker or another part of their body, or collapsing to butterfly position to block any low shot coming, especially in close proximity.
After making a save, the goaltender attempts to control the rebound to avoid a goal scored by an opposing player when the goaltender is out of position ('scoring on a rebound'), or to allow the goaltender's own team to get control of the puck.
If there is immediate pressure from the opposing team, a goaltender may choose to hold on to the puck (for a second or more, with judgment from the referee) to stop play for a face-off.
If a goaltender holds on to the puck for too long without any pressure they may be subject to a 2-minute delay of game penalty.
Recently, in the NHL and AHL, goaltenders have been restricted as to where they can play the puck behind the net.
One of the more notable goaltenders who was last seen using stand up was Bill Ranford, but most of the goaltenders from earlier decades such as Jacques Plante were considered pure stand up goaltenders.
This style is not as popular in the modern era, with the majority of contemporary goaltenders switching to the butterfly style and the hybrid style.
The stand-up style is in contrast to the butterfly style, where goaltenders protect the net against incoming shots by dropping to their knees and shifting their legs out.
While standing, a stand-up goaltender can remain square to the puck and adjust his positioning to ensure that he is covering as much of the net as possible at all times.
The goaltender is also in a better position to stop pucks that are headed towards the upper part of the net.
The main disadvantage of the stand-up style, however, is a susceptibility to shots travelling along the bottom half of the net.
A larger percentage of shots occur in the bottom portion of the net, and a goaltender utilizing the butterfly will cover a larger portion of that area.
Early innovators of this style were goaltending greats Glenn Hall and Tony Esposito who played during the 50s-60s and 70s-80s, respectively.
Hall is credited to be among the very first to use this style, and both he and Esposito had tremendous success with it.
This style of goaltending is a combination of both stand-up and butterfly style, where the goaltender primarily relies on reaction, save selection, and positioning to make saves.
Hybrid goaltenders will usually control rebounds well, deflect low shots with their sticks, will utilize the butterfly, and are generally not as predictable as goaltenders who rely heavily on the butterfly as a save selection.
Some goaltenders who do this effectively are Ryan Miller, Jaroslav Halák, Jimmy Howard, Tuukka Rask, Carey Price and formerly Evgeni Nabokov and Martin Brodeur.
This gives the team an extra attacker, but at significant risk—if the opposing team gains control of the puck, they may easily score a goal.
However, shooters that attempt to score on an empty net from the opposite side of the red line face getting called for icing the puck if they miss the net.
A goal scored in an empty net situation is not recorded as a shot faced or goal against on the personal stats of the goaltender who has left the ice.
A back-up may be forced into duty at any time to relieve the starting goaltender in the event of an injury or poor game performance.
The back-up will also be called upon to start some games to give the starter the opportunity to rest from game-play during the season.
A goaltender scoring a goal in an NHL game is a very rare feat, having occurred only fifteen times in the history of the NHL, the first time occurring in 1979 after the league had been in existence for six decades.
NHL rules forbid goaltenders from participating in play past the center line, so a goal by a goaltender is possible only under unusual circumstances.
The remaining seven goals were not actually shot into the net by the goaltender; rather the goaltender was awarded the goal because he was the last player on his team to touch the puck before the opposition scored on themselves.
Martin Brodeur is the only NHL goaltender to be credited with three career goals (two in the regular season and one in the playoffs), Ron Hextall is the only goaltender who has scored two goals by shooting the puck into an empty net (once in the regular season and once in the playoffs).
Damian Rhodes and José Théodore are the only goaltenders in NHL history to score a goal in which they also had a shutout game.
If a goaltender crosses the center line and shoots the puck from that location or any other location past the center line, the goal does not count.
In a game between the Oklahoma City Blazers and the Kansas City Blues, the Oklahoma City Blazers were trailing 2-1 and decided to pull their goaltender.
Subsequently, four goaltenders have scored empty-net goals in the CHL: Phil Groeneveld of the Fort Worth Fire scored against the Thunder in Wichita, Kansas, on November 20, 1995; Bryan McMullen scored for the Austin Ice Bats on February 17, 2002; and Mike Wall of the Arizona Sundogs scored a goal against Corpus Christi on March 16, 2007.
The place-name 'Wickwar' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as 'Wichen', meaning 'dairy farm or settlement'.
The manor was given to John la Warre by King John and was held by Roger la Warre in 1285, when it was referred to as 'Warre Wyke'.
The village originally lay on the Old Saltway from Droitwich to Chipping Sodbury and Pucklechurch, and was developed in the late 13th century by the de la Warre family with the establishment of a market in 1285.
The main street, the present High Street, was laid out around the market place with uniform burgage plots and rear access lanes.
Burghers paid an annual fixed rent to the overlord, but they could sell their tenancies much as in the free market today.
In addition they often carried on trades and crafts which, together with their property rights, distinguished them from the feudal peasant.
The original settlement of Wickwar was located around the church and Poole Court, a 16th-century Manor House demolished in the 19th century, to the north of the village.
All that remains of the Manor is its terraced garden, south-west of the church, which formerly stood on the edge of a lake.
To the north of the church, within the churchyard is the Sunday School, built in 1837 in a Gothic revival style.
The churchyard also has a number of chest tombs, which represent a good collection of local and classical tomb forms and contribute greatly to the setting of the church.
The Old Rectory to the west of the church dates from 1864 and was built by George Devey for the Earl of Ducie.
The High Street has a fine collection of mostly 18th-century fronted, rendered or stuccoed houses, including Albert House and the Police station.
The road width of the High Street varies considerably, from ten yards at its widest point at the centre of the High Street, to four yards at the northern end.
Entering Wickwar from the north, via West End Road or the B4509, the walls that line the road are of local stone and form a strong feature contributing to the village character.
Furthermore, the views of the Old Rectory and the church behind high on the hill, provide a focal point to the town.
The area around the church and the Old Rectory is an attractive landscape with clumps of trees adding to the scene.
The pathway to the Church is a distinctive local feature lined by mature trees as it rises steeply up the hill.
The terraced gardens of the former Poole Court also add interest, with the tower to the south – the air shaft of the railway tunnel – beneath the site of the drained lake.
This area of the town is particularly attractive, with the undulating landscape and openness contrasting with the inward facing town centre.
The views from the churchyard are also splendid, with the Nibley Monument to William Tyndale clearly visible on the horizon and the Somerset Monument to Lord Edward Somerset to the right, both notable landmarks.
These features, coupled with the assortment of clay-tiled and Cotswold stone slate roofs, and rendered, stucco or stone houses add interest to the general street scene.
On the morning of 9 January 1987, a gas pipe running underneath the High Street exploded, demolishing a house and damaging others nearby.
However, an off-duty policeman returning from a late-night game of backgammon smelt the gas and raised the alarm, evacuating the street to the local Social Club before the explosion.
As he said at the time, had he been in bed at the usual time, it would have been far worse.
As a result of the explosion a ban on heavy vehicles was introduced throughout the village, as it was thought that frequent use of the road by lorries, coupled with freezing weather conditions, had caused the 1950s pipes to break.
These are possibly tektite deposits, formed as molten material ejected by a meteorite impact that may have fallen back to Earth.
The Battle of Majuba Hill (near Volksrust, South Africa) on 27 February 1881 was the final and decisive battle of the First Boer War.
It was a resounding victory for the Boers and the battle is considered to have been one of the most humiliating defeats of British arms in history.
Colley's motive for occupying Majuba Hill may have been anxiety that the Boers would soon occupy it themselves, Colley having witnessed their trenches being dug in the direction of the hill.
The hill was not considered to be scalable by the Boers, for military purposes, and hence it may have been Colley's attempt to emphasise British power and strike fear into the Boer camp.
The bulk of the 405 British soldiers occupying the hill were 171 men of the 58th Regiment with 141 men of the 92nd Gordon Highlanders, and a small naval brigade from .
Gen. Colley had brought no artillery up to the summit, nor did he order his men to dig in, against the advice of several of his subordinates, expecting that the Boers would retreat when they saw their position on the Nek was untenable.
However, the Boers quickly formed a group of storming parties, led by Nicolaas Smit, from an assortment of volunteers from various commandos, totaling at least 450 men, maybe more, to attack the hill.
By daybreak at 4:30, the 92nd Highlanders covered a wide perimeter of the summit, while a handful occupied Gordon's Knoll on the right side of the summit.
Oblivious to the presence of the British troops until the 92nd Gordon Highlanders began to yell and shake their fists, the Boers began to panic, fearing an artillery attack.
The Boers, being the better marksmen, kept their enemy on the slopes at bay while groups crossed the open ground to attack Gordon's Knoll, where at 12:45 Ferreira's men opened up a tremendous fire on the exposed knoll and captured it.
Colley was in his tent when he was informed of the advancing Boers but took no immediate action until after he had been warned by several subordinates of the seriousness of the attack.
Over the next hour, the Boers poured over the top of the British line and engaged the enemy at long range, refusing close combat action, and picking off the British soldiers one-by-one.
The Boers were able to take advantage of the scrub and high grass that covered the hill, something the British were not trained to do.
It was at this stage that British discipline began to wane, and panicking troops began to desert their posts, unable to see their opponents and being given very little in the way of direction from officers.
Amidst great confusion and with casualties among his men rising, Colley attempted to order a fighting retreat, but he was shot and killed by Boer marksmen.
The rest of the British force fled down the rear slopes of Majuba, where more were hit by the Boer marksmen, who had lined the summit in order to fire at the retreating foe.
An abortive rearguard action was staged by the 15th Hussars and 60th Rifles, who had marched from a support base at Mount Prospect, although this made little impact on the Boer forces.
Several wounded soldiers soon found themselves surrounded by Boer soldiers and gave their accounts of what they saw; many Boers were young farm boys armed with rifles.
This revelation proved to be a major blow to British prestige and Britain's negotiating position, for professionally trained soldiers to have been defeated by young farmboys led by a smattering of older soldiers.
Some notable British historians, although not all agree, claim that this defeat marked the beginning of the decline of the British Empire.
Since the American Revolution, Great Britain had never signed a treaty on unfavorable terms with anyone and had never lost the final engagements of the war.
The album was recorded at Reel Platinum studio in Lodi, New Jersey, excluding the introduction which was recorded at Eerie Von's home on a four track cassette.
Also appearing on this recording are Lyle Preslar, guitarist for the influential D.C. band Minor Threat (CD tracks 2, 4, 6, and 7), and Al Pike, bassist for Reagan Youth, (CD track 9).
The 1986 cassette release features 'Initium' plus the entire original version of the band's follow-up record, the 'Unholy Passion EP', and is highly prized by collectors.
Also much sought is the initial 1987 CD release of 'Initium', which featured the album plus the re-recorded/remixed version of the EP.
(In 1989, these extra tracks were removed from all future CD pressings, and were instead included on the original 1990 Final Descent album).
It contains a list of mathematical techniques, which the author claimed were retrieved from the Vedas and supposedly contained all mathematical knowledge.
Krishna Tirtha failed to produce the claimed sources, and scholars unanimously note it to be a mere compendium of tricks for increasing the speed of elementary mathematical calculations with no overlap with historical mathematical developments during the Vedic period.
However, there has been a proliferation of publications in this area and multiple attempts to integrate the subject into mainstream education by right-wing Hindu nationalist governments.
Tirtha claimed that no part of advanced mathematics lay beyond the realms of his book and propounded that studying it for a couple of hours every day for a year equated to spending about two decades in any standardized education system to become professionally trained in the discipline of mathematics.
Contra the hyperbolic claims of the author and publisher, the book is primarily a compendium of tricks that can be applied in elementary, middle and high school arithmetic and algebra, to gain faster results.
According to Krishna Tirtha, the sutras and other accessory content were found after years of solitary study of the Vedas—a set of sacred ancient Hindu scriptures—in a forest.
When challenged by Shukla, a mathematician and a historiographer of ancient Indian mathematics, to locate the sutras in the Parishishta of a standard edition of the Atharvaveda, Krishna Tirtha claimed that they were not included in the standard editions but only in a hitherto-undiscovered version, chanced upon by him; the foreword and introduction of the book also takes a similar stand.
Sanskrit scholars have also confirmed that the linguistic style did not correspond to the claimed time-spans but rather reflected contemporary Sanskrit.
These were unknown during the Vedic times and were introduced in India only in the sixteenth century; works of numerous ancient mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Bhaskara were entirely based on fractions.
Some of the sutras even claimed to run parallel to the General Leibniz rule and Taylor's theorem (which, per Krishna Tirtha, were to be yet studied by the western world during the time of his writing) but did ultimately boil down to the sub-elementary operations of basic differentiation on polynomials.
Sutras have been further leveraged to claim that analytic geometry of conics occupied an important tier in Vedic mathematics, which runs contrary to all available evidence.
Although the book was first published in 1965, Krishna Tirtha had been propagating the techniques much earlier through lectures and classes.
A foreword by Tirtha's disciple Manjula Trivedi claims that he had originally wrote 16 volumes—one on each sutra—but the manuscripts were lost before publication.
He believes it did a disservice both to the pedagogy of mathematical education by presenting the subject as a bunch of tricks without any conceptual rigor, and to science and technology studies in India (STS) by adhering to dubious standards of historiography.
Some have however praised the methods and commented on its potential to attract school-children to mathematics and increase popular engagement with the subject.
Dani believes Krishna Tirtha's methods to be a product of his academic training in mathematics and long recorded habit of experimentation with numbers; nonetheless, he considers the work to be an impressive feat.
Alex Bellos points out that several of the calculation tricks can also be found in certain European treatises on calculation from the early Modern period.
However, most of the algorithms have higher time complexity than conventional ones, which explains the lack of adoption of Vedic mathematics in real life.
The book had been included in the school syllabus of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, soon after the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a right-wing Hindu nationalist political party came to power and chose to saffronise the education-system.
Dinanath Batra had conducted a lengthy campaign for the inclusion of Vedic Maths into the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) curricula.
Subsequently, there was a proposal from NCERT to induct Vedic Maths, along with a number of fringe pseudo-scientific subjects (Vedic Astrology et al.
This was only shelved after a number of academics and mathematicians, led by Dani and sometimes backed by political parties, opposed these attempts based on previously discussed rationales and criticized the move as a politically guided attempt at saffronization.
After the BJP's return to power in 2014, three universities began offering courses on the subject while a television channel, catering to the topic, was also launched; generous education and research grants have also been allotted to the subject.
Meera Nanda has noted hagiographic descriptions of Indian knowledge systems by various right-wing cultural movements (including the BJP), which deemed Krishna Tirtha to be in the same league as Srinivasa Ramanujan.
Strong wind shear, which disrupts the formation of cyclones, as well as a lack of weather disturbances favorable for development in the South Atlantic Ocean, make any strong tropical system extremely rare, and Hurricane Catarina in 2004 is the only recorded South Atlantic hurricane in history.
Since 2011, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center has assigned names to tropical and subtropical systems in the western side of the basin, near the eastern coast of Brazil, when they have sustained wind speeds of at least , the generally accepted minimum sustained wind speed for a disturbance to be designated as a tropical storm in the North Atlantic basin.
The Intertropical Convergence Zone drops one to two degrees south of the equator, not far enough from the equator for the Coriolis force to significantly aid development.
During April 1991, these assertions were proven false, when the United States' National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported that a tropical cyclone had developed over the Eastern South Atlantic.
In subsequent years, a few systems were suspected to have the characteristics needed to be classified as a tropical cyclone, including in March 1994 and January 2004.
During March 2004, an extratropical cyclone formally transitioned into a tropical cyclone and made landfall on Brazil, after becoming a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.
At the Sixth WMO International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-VI) in 2006, it was questioned if any subtropical or tropical cyclones had developed within the South Atlantic before Catarina.
It was noted that suspect systems had developed in January 1970, March 1994, January 2004, March 2004, May 2004, February 2006, and March 2006.
It was also suggested that an effort should be made to locate any possible systems using satellite imagery and synoptic data; however, it was noted that this effort may be hindered by the lack of any geostationary imagery over the basin before 1966.
A study was subsequently performed and published during 2012, which concluded that there had been 63 subtropical cyclones in the Southern Atlantic between 1957 and 2007.
During January 2009, a subtropical storm developed in the basin, and in March 2010, a tropical storm developed, which was named Anita by the Brazilian public and private weather services.
In 2011, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center started to assign names to tropical and subtropical cyclones that develop within its area of responsibility, to the west of 20°W, when they have sustained wind speeds of at least .
According to the United States National Hurricane Center, the system was probably either a tropical depression or a tropical storm at its peak intensity.
Just after becoming a hurricane, it hit the southern coast of Brazil in the state of Santa Catarina on the evening of March 28, with winds estimated near , making it a Category 2-equivalent on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
At the time, the Brazilians were taken completely by surprise, and were initially skeptical that an actual tropical cyclone could have formed in the South Atlantic.
On March 8, 2010, a previously extratropical cyclone developed tropical characteristics and was classified as a subtropical cyclone off the coast of southern Brazil.
During the afternoon of March 9, the system had attained an intensity of and a barometric pressure of 1000 hPa (mbar).
There was no damage associated to the storm, except high sea in the coasts of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
Early on March 14, 2011, the Navy Hydrographic Center-Brazilian Navy (SMM), in coordination with the National Institute of Meteorology, were monitoring an organizing area of convection near the southeast coast of Brazil.
Later that day a low pressure area developed just east of Vitória, Espírito Santo, and by 12:00 UTC, the system organized into a subtropical depression, located about east of Campos dos Goytacazes.
Guided by a trough and a weak ridge to its north, the system moved slowly southeastward over an area of warm waters, intensifying into Subtropical Cyclone Arani on March 15, as named by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.
Before it developed into a subtropical cyclone, Arani produced torrential rains over portions of southeastern Brazil, resulting in flash flooding and landslides.
During the next day, low-level baroclincity decreased around the system, as it moved southeastwards away from the Brazilian coast and intensified further.
The system was named Bapo by the Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center during February 6, after it had intensified into a subtropical storm.
Over the next couple of days the system continued to move south-eastwards before it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone during February 8.
At 00:00 UTC on March 11, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy upgraded Cari to a subtropical storm, also assigning a name to it.
According to the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy, on December 9, 2017, a subtropical storm formed over the southeastern tip of a South Atlantic Convergence Zone, being located close to the state border between Espírito Santo and Bahia, moving southeastwards away from land.
Iba was the first tropical storm to develop in the basin since Anita in 2010, as well as the first fully tropical system to be named from the Brazilian naming list.
However, the system did not intensify any further, as it soon encountered unfavorable conditions, and Jaguar eventually dissipated on May 22.
On January 21, 2020, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center began to monitor an area of persisting thunderstorms near São Paulo for potential subtropical cyclone development.
Generally tracking southeastward, the system began to organize within the afternoon hours of January 22 and was designated a subtropical depression in the early hours of January 23.
It weakened back to a subtropical depression on January 25, while also beginning to merge with a large extratropical low to its south.
The front associated with Kurumí later played a role in the 2020 Brazilian floods and mudslides, dragging behind it heavy rainfall.
Over 171.8 mm (6.76 in) of rain fell in the Belo Horizonte metro area on January 24, triggering a landslide and killing 3 people and leaving 1 missing.
Kurumí is the first named South Atlantic subtropical cyclone to have formed in the month of January, and the first to reach tropical storm intensity in January as well.
According to a presentation at the Sixth WMO International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-VI), satellite imagery from January 1970 showed that a system with an eyewall had developed behind a cold front and that the system needed further analysis to determine if it was tropical or subtropical.
On March 27, 1974, a weak area of low pressure that had originated over the Amazon River started to intensify further.
Over the next 48 hours the system quickly developed further and was classified as subtropical, as it developed a banding structure and deep convection near its warm core.
On March 29, a north-westerly flow encroached on the systems environment, which caused the system to rapidly move towards 40S and the cold waters that were present to the south of 40°S.
In March 1994, a system that was thought to be weaker than Catarina was spawned but was located over cool and open waters.
During 2004, the large-scale conditions over the South Atlantic were more conducive than usual for subtropical or tropical systems, with 4 systems noted.
The first possible tropical cyclone developed within a trough of low pressure, to the southeast of Salvador, Brazil on January 18.
The system subsequently displayed a small central dense overcast (CDO) and was suspected to be at the peak of its development as either a tropical depression or a tropical storm during the next day.
The system was subsequently affected by some strong shear, before it moved inland and weakened along the coast of Brazil before it was last noted during January 21.
Within Brazil the system caused heavy rain and flooding with a state of emergency declared in Aracaju, after the river overflowed and burst its banks which flooded homes, destroyed crops and caused parts of the highway to collapse.
However, it was noted that not all of the heavy rain and impacts were attributable to the system, as a large monsoon low covered much of Brazil at the time.
Hurricane Catarina was the third system, while the fourth system had a well-defined eye like structure, and formed off the coast of Brazil on March 15, 2004.
On February 22, 2006, a baroclinic cyclone intensified quickly and was estimated to have peaked with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of , after radar data showed that the system had developed an eye and banding.
However, there were questions about how tropical the system was, as it did not separate from the westerlies or the baroclinic zone it was in.
Between March 11–17, 2006, another system with a warm core developed and moved southward along the South Atlantic Zone, before dissipating.
On January 28, 2009, a cold-core mid to upper-level trough in phase with a low-level warm-core low formed a system and moved eastward into the South Atlantic.
The storm produced rainfall in 24 hours of or more in some locations of Rocha (Uruguay) and southern Rio Grande do Sul.
On November 16, 2010, a cold-core mid to upper-level trough in phase with a low-level warm-core low developed a low-pressure system over Brazil, and moved southeastward into the South Atlantic, where it slightly deepened.
The system brought locally heavy rains in southern Brazil and northeast of Uruguay that exceeded 200 millimeters within a few hours, in some locations of Southern Rio Grande do Sul, northwest of Pelotas.
Between December 23, 2013 and January 24, 2015, the CPTEC and Navy Hydrography Center monitored four subtropical depressions to the south of Rio de Janeiro.
On January 5, 2016, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy issued warnings on a subtropical depression that formed east of Vitória, Espírito Santo.
The following names are published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center's Marine Meteorological Service and used for tropical and subtropical storms that form in the area west of 20ºW and south of equator in the South Atlantic Ocean.
The remixed versions were released as a standalone CD for the first time as part of the Samhain Box Set in 1999 and as an individual CD in 2000.
With an area of 97.8 km (38 sq mi), it is situated between the cities of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe at the confluence of three rivers (Enz, Nagold and Würm).
The largest raid, and one of the most devastating area bombardments of World War II, was carried out by the Royal Air Force (RAF) on the evening of 23 February 1945.
Nearly one third of the town's population, 17,600 people, were killed in the air raid, and about 83% of the town's buildings were destroyed.
The Allies believed that precision instruments were being produced here for use in the German war effort and that the town was a transport centre for the movement of German troops.
Pforzheim is located at the northern rim of the eastern part of the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) and the rim of the hilly country of the Kraichgau, in an open valley at the confluences of the rivers Würm and Nagold and the rivers Nagold and Enz.
The communities Büchenbronn, Eutingen an der Enz, Hohenwart, Huchenfeld and Würm, which by way of the latest regional administrative reform during the 1970s were incorporated into Pforzheim's administration, are represented by independent community councils and community administrations according to § 8 and following paragraphs of the main city-ordinance of Pforzheim.
Due to this strategic location, Pforzheim later became a center for the timber-rafting trade, which transported timber from the Black Forest via the rivers Wuerm, Nagold, Enz and down the Neckar and Rhine to, among other markets, the Netherlands for use in shipbuilding.
The settlement was located where the Roman military road connecting the military camp Argentoratum (nowadays Strasbourg in France) and the military camp at Cannstatt (now a suburb of Stuttgart) at the Upper Germanic Limes border line of the Roman Empire crossed the Enz river.
A Roman milestone (the so-called 'Leugenstein') from the year 245 was excavated in modern times at present-day Friolzheim; it is marked with the exact distance to 'Portus' and is the first documented evidence of the settlement.
259/260: The Roman settlement 'Portus' was destroyed completely, as the Frank and Alemanni tribes overran the Upper Germanic Limes border line of the Roman Empire and conquered the Roman administered area west of the Rhine River.
The Margraves of Baden considered Pforzheim as their most important power base up to the first half of the 14th century.
15th century: Various fraternities, also known as guilds, among people working in the same trade were established: The fraternity of tailors in 1410, the fraternity of bakers on 14 May 1422, the fraternity of the weavers in 1469, the fraternity of the wine-growers in 1491, the fraternity of the skippers and timber raftsmen in 1501, and the fraternity of the carters in 1512.
1447: The wedding of Margrave Charles I (Karl I) of Baden with Katharina of Austria, the sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (Friedrich III), was celebrated in Pforzheim with great pomp (including tournaments and dances).
1455: Johannes Reuchlin, the great German humanist, was born in Pforzheim on 29 January (he died in Stuttgart on 30 June 1522).
He attended the Latin School section of the monastery school run by the Dominican order of Pforzheim in the late 1460s.
The school's teachers and pupils played an outstanding role in the dissemination of the ideas of humanism and the protestant reformation movement.
1460: Margrave Charles I established a kind of monastery (Kollegialstift) at the site of Schlosskirche St. Michael, turning the church into a collegiate church.
There were also plans to establish a university in Pforzheim, but this plan had to be abandoned because Margrave Charles I lost the Battle of Seckenheim.
1463: Margrave Charles I was forced to transfer the palace and the town of Pforzheim as a fiefdom to the Elector Palatine after losing the Battle of Seckenheim.
1491: A contract between Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden and the citizens of Pforzheim was concluded, granting the town of Pforzheim several privileges concerning taxes and business.
During the first half of the 16th century Pforzheim's printers contributed significantly to the establishment of this (in those days) new medium.
The single timber logs that were floated from the deeper Black Forest areas down the Enz, Nagold and Wuerm rivers were bound together in the Au area to form larger timber rafts.
It is not known how many of Pforzheim's citizens died in that year, but there are reports of 500 deceased in the close-by city of Calw and about 4000 in Stuttgart, which accounted for approximately one quarter to one half of the populations of those towns.
Outbreaks of the disease were reported for many places in southwestern Germany, Bohemia, the Alsace region in nowadays France, Switzerland, and Italy.
Common graves with massive numbers of human bones at the cemetery of St. Michael Church and the cemetery on the estate of the Dominican order near nowadays Waisenhausplatz found during the last century may indicate that hundreds of citizens became the victims of the plague.
Its most prominent promoters were Johannes Schwebel, a preacher at Holy Ghost church (Heiliggeistkirche), and Johannes Unger, the principal of the Dominican Latin school.
1535–1565: Due to the heritage division of the clan of the Margraves of Baden, Margrave Ernst of Baden made Pforzheim the residential town of his family line.
1618: At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, the number of inhabitants of Pforzheim is estimated to have been between 2500 and 3000.
These tactics seem to have been mainly the idea of the French war minister, François Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois.
When the army unit was about to depart early in the morning of 21 January 1689 (obviously because an army of the Holy Roman Empire had been approaching), they set many major buildings on fire, including the palais, the city hall, and vicarages.
Between 2 and 4 August, the French army under the general command of Marshal Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras again crossed the Rhine river and began the destruction of major towns in Baden.
On 10 August 1689, a French army unit under the command of General Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac appeared in front of Pforzheims town gates, but this time the town refused to surrender.
In response, the French army began shelling the town with cannons from the Rod hill located southwest of the town, and the several hundred soldiers of the German imperial command, who were defending the town, were forced to surrender.
After a short period of looting, the French troops set the inner town area on fire on 15 August, which made that area uninhabitable for several weeks.
In addition to this, the reconstruction of the town and the repairs of the fortifications under the supervision of Johann Matthaeus Faulhaber, the chief construction officer of the Margraviate Baden, required a lot of efforts.
In 1691, Louvois instructed his marshals to destroy those towns which were to serve as winter quarters for imperial troops, explicitly including Pforzheim, and then continue to Wuerttemberg for further destructions.
After the French troops had crossed the Rhine river under the command of Marshal Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges at Philippsburg on 3 August 1691, they assaulted the Margraves' residential town of Durlach and 1,200 cavalry men, 300 dragoons and 1,200 infantry men advanced toward Pforzheim where they arrived in the morning on 9 August and surrounded the town.
When the approximately 200 imperial soldiers under the command of Captain Zickwolf and other men in the town refused to surrender, the siege began.
After shelling the town during the day and the following night, the resistance of the town broke down and on 10 August in the morning the French forced the town gates open, occupied and looted it (although with little success, as there was not much left to be taken away).
The fortification had again been damaged, though (the White Tower, the Auer Bridge Gate, the Upper Mill and the Nonnen Mill were burnt down).
On 20 September 1692, again crossed the Rhine river under the general command of Marshal Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, and advanced toward Durlach and Pforzheim.
On 24 September, 2,000 cavalry soldiers and 1,200 infantry and artillery troops under the command of Marshal Noël Bouton de Chamilly, moved to Pforzheim, where the town and 600 soldiers of the imperial German army in town surrendered without any military engagements.
On the same day, the French army moved on to Oetisheim near Mühlacker and attacked an imperial army unit of 4,000 cavalry men under the command of Duke Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental in their camp.
As they were taken by surprise, they withdrew hastily and lost several hundred men, either killed or captured by the French.
It was reported that the entire Enz valley between the village of Eutingen east of Pforzheim and the village of Birkenfeld west of Pforzheim was occupied by the 30,000 French soldiers' camps.
From their base in Pforzheim, French army units obviously under the leadership of Marshal de Chamilly advanced along the river valleys of Nagold and Würm and looted and destroyed the villages and towns of Huchenfeld, Calw, Hirsau, Liebenzell and Zavelstein.
They also destroyed Liebeneck castle about 10 kilometres from Pforzheim towering above the Würm valley, where part of the Pforzheim town archives were hidden.
Another part of the town archive as well as documents of Baden administrative office had been brought to Calw, where they went up in flames, too.
The Castle Church (Schlosskirche) of St. Michael was heavily damaged, and the family tombs of the Margraves of Baden in the church were desecrated by the soldiers.
After the week-long presence of 30,000 soldiers in a town of only a few thousand citizens, all food was gone, including the seeds saved for next spring's sowing season.
1715–1730: During this period, there was a prolonged dispute between Pforzheim's citizens and the Margrave of Baden concerning the privileges granted to the town in 1491, which the Margrave considered obsolete and therefore demanded significantly higher tax payments from Pforzheim citizens.
1861–62: Pforzheim was connected to the German railway network with the completion of a section of the Karlsruhe–Mühlacker line between Wilferdingen and Pforzheim.
1863: The railway section between Pforzheim and Mühlacker was completed, thus establishing railway traffic between the capital of Baden, Karlsruhe, and the capital of Württemberg, Stuttgart.
The very first gasoline-powered automobile with an internal combustion engine of the inventor had hit the roads only two years earlier after a patent for this new technology had been granted to Karl Benz on 29 January 1886.
During the trip, Bertha Benz had to make repairs with a hairpin to open a blocked fuel line, and after returning home, suggested to her husband that another gear be provided in his automobile for climbing hills.
To commemorate this first long-distance journey by automobile, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was officially approved as a route of industrial heritage of mankind in 2008.
FC Pforzheim Football (soccer) Club was defeated by VfB Leipzig with a score of 1–2 in the final game of the German soccer championship.
1914–1918: Pforzheim was not a battlefield in World War I, but 1600 men from Pforzheim lost their lives as soldiers on the battlefields.
From 1933: Along with the installation of the Nazi government in Germany the local subsidiaries of all political parties, groups and organizations other than the NSDAP were gradually disbanded in town.
1938: On 9 November, the so-called Kristallnacht, the Pforzheim Synagogue (see WWW-site) of the Jewish community was so badly damaged by Nazi activists that it had to be demolished later on.
1944: Many factories were converted to produce weaponry such as anti-aircraft shells, fuzes for bombs, and allegedly even parts for the V1 and V2 rockets.
About one quarter of the town's population, over 17,000 people, was killed in the air raid, and about 83% of the town's buildings were destroyed.
The town was put on the target list for bombardments in November 1944 because it was thought by the Allies to be producing precision instruments for use in the German war effort and as transport centre for the movement of German troops.
After the main attack, about 30,000 people had to be fed by makeshift public kitchens because their housing had been destroyed.
According to the State Statistics Bureau (Statistisches Landesamt), in the Market Square area (Marktplatzviertel) in 1939 there were 4,112 registered inhabitants, in 1945 none (0).
In the Old Town area (Altstadtviertel) in 1939 there were 5,109 inhabitants, in 1945 only 2 persons were still living there.
Likewise, orders were issued for the destruction of those bridges that had remained unscathed (some of the bridges had been destroyed by air strikes even before and after 23 February), and this could not be prevented.
Only the Iron (Railway) Bridge in Weißenstein ward was saved by stout-hearted citizens who, during an unguarded moment, pulled off the fuze wiring from the explosive devices, which had already been installed, and dropped it into Nagold river.
Soon after that on 8 April, French troops (an armored vehicle unit) moved into Pforzheim from the northwest and were able to occupy the area north of Enz river, but the area south of the Enz river was defended by a German infantry unit using artillery.
The French army units (including an Algerian and Moroccan unit) suffered heavy losses; among the dead was the commander of the army unit, Capitaine Dorance.
The advance of the French army came to a halt temporarily, but with the support of fighterbomber aircraft and due to the bad condition of the defenders (which included many old men and young boys who had been drafted into the Volkssturm) the French troops finally succeeded and on 18 April took possession of the vast rubble field which once was the proud residential town of the Baden Margraves.
The three months of French occupation were reportedly marked by hostile attitudes on both the French army side and the Pforzheim population side; incidents of rape and looting, mainly by Moroccan soldiers, were also reported.
The US Army, which replaced the French troops on 8 July 1945, helped repair Goethe Bridge, Benckiser Bridge, Old Town Bridge (Altstädterbrücke) and Horse Bridge (Roßbrücke) in 1945 and the following year.
The relationship between the population and the US military was reportedly more relaxed than had been the case with the French army.
In September 1951 the Northern Town Bridge (Nordstadtbrücke) was inaugurated (the ceremony was attended by then Federal President Prof. Dr. Theodor Heuss).
Jahn Bridge followed in December 1951, Werder Bridge in May 1952, the rebuilt Goethe Bridge in October 1952, and the rebuilt Old Town Bridge was inaugurated in 1954.
1955: On the occasion of the 500th birthday anniversary of Johannes Reuchlin, the city of Pforzheim established the Reuchlin Prize and awarded it for the first time in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West-Germany), Prof. Dr. Theodor Heuss.
Two persons died (+ another 130 people were buried under the ruins of buildings) and more than 200 were injured, and 1750 buildings were damaged.
During the first night and the following days the soldiers of the French 3rd Husar Regiment and the US Army Unit, which were still stationed at the Buckenberg Barracks, helped clear the streets of a lot of fallen trees (especially in the Buckenberg/Haidach area).
The overhead electric contact wires for the electric trolley buses then still operating in town and the streetcar transport system to the village of Ittersbach were never repaired; those transport systems were retired.
1973 As part of the reform of administrative districts, the rural district of Pforzheim was incorporated into the newly established Enz rural district, which has its administration in Pforzheim.
1994: Merger of the Pforzheim Business School and the Pforzheim School of Design to form the Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences in Design, Technology and Business.
2002: In November, during excavation works for a new shopping center in the center of the city, a power shovel hit a bomb that had not detonated during the bombardment of 1945.
On a Sunday, about 5000 citizens temporarily left their homes as a precaution while specialists defused and disposed of the latest of a large number of unexploded bombs found in Pforzheim's grounds since 1945.
2006; The Timex Group introduced a line of high-end watches engineered in Pforzheim over a five-year period, to six sigma standards.
The technology used miniaturization with digital sensors and microprocessors driving independent motors and dial hands — to enable a range of specialized complications atypical to non-digital, analog watches — an array of functions that would either be impossible or highly impractical in a mechanical movement.
Until 1789 the numbers represent estimates, after that they represent census results (¹) or official recordings by the Statistics Offices or the city administration.
The population growth diagrams show that the largest growth rates were recorded between about 1830 and 1925, which was the period following the political reorganisation of Europe agreed upon at the Vienna Congress of 1815 after the violent period that was so much dominated by Napoleon Bonaparte of France.
The population declined sharply due to the destruction on 23 February 1945, and increased sharply in the post-World War II era due to high economic growth levels in West-Germany and the rapid rebuilding efforts in Pforzheim.
After margrave Karl II of Baden in 1556 installed the Protestant Reformation in the Margraviate of Baden, of which Pforzheim was the capital in those days, Pforzheim continued to be a Protestant town for several centuries.
The congregations in Pforzheim were affiliated with the deanery (Dekanat) of Pforzheim of the Protestant National Church of Baden, unless they were members of one of the independent churches (Freikirche).
The city council is the main representative body of the city and determines the goals and frameworks for all local political activities.
The city administration is led by the Lord Mayor (presently Gert Hager) and three Mayors (presently Alexander Uhlig, Roger Heidt and Monika Mueller).
The coat of arms of Pforzheim city shows in the left-hand half of a shield an inclined bar in red color on a golden background, and the right-hand half is divided into four fields in the colors red, silver, blue and gold.
The inclined bar can be traced back to the 13th century as the symbol of the lords (owners) of Pforzheim, which later on also became the National Coat of Arms of Baden, but its meaning is unknown.
Pforzheim is one of the regional centers (Oberzentrum) in Baden-Württemberg and has one of the highest densities of industrial activity in the state.
Jewelry and watch-making industry is first set up by Jean François Autran after receiving an edict from then overlord Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden.
Pforzheim accounts for just under 70 percent of the total sales of the German jewelry and silverware industry and around 80 percent of all the pieces of jewelry exported by Germany come from Pforzheim.
The mail order companies (Bader, Klingel, Wenz) with their sales volumes in the order of millions of Euros occupies a leading position in Germany.
In this respect the city benefits from its favorable Three-Valleys location at the gateway to the Black Forest, and related to this, from the starting points of a large number of hiking, cycling and waterway routes.
In addition there are two railway lines into the Black Forest: the Enz Valley Railway to Bad Wildbad and the Nagold Valley Railway to Nagold.
Other public transportation services in the city area are provided by buses of the Pforzheim Municipal Transport, subsidiary of Veolia Transport Company (SVP) and several other transportation companies.
Pforzheim is the site of a Local Court of Justice, which belongs to the District Court and Higher District Court Precinct of Karlsruhe.
Wave Race is a 1992 personal watercraft racing video game developed by Nintendo EAD and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Game Boy.
The game is relatively simple, in that the player controls a jet skier around a track aiming to beat the computer or up to three friends using the link cable accessory.
Lithuanian Radio and Television Centre or LRTC for short, otherwise called as Telecentras, has the most extensive experience in the field of telecommunications among Lithuanian companies.
Telecentras maintains the major radio and TV programmes broadcasting networks in Lithuania which include both terrestrial people analogue and digital people broadcasting (DVB-T).
In 2009, the Telecentras was the first company in the European Union which started to provide Internet services using 4G Mobile WiMAX network.
With the advanced communications technologies the company will not ensure radio and TV programmes broadcasting to all residents of Lithuania, as well as provides data transmission, network connection, telephony and other services.
Facilities mounted inside and outside TV tower transmit radio and TV signals and data for provision of internet and other services.
After a varied career in film and television, he has become particularly noted for his voice acting for radio and audiobooks.
Jarvis was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, to Denys Harry Jarvis and Margot Lillian Scottney, and grew up in South Norwood and Sanderstead.
In America, Jarvis and his wife Rosalind Ayres perform frequently in audio drama with the L.A. Theater Works and Hollywood Theater of the Ear.
Jarvis has also lent his voice to audiobooks of P. G. Wodehouse's works, and has won the Audie Award for these.
Being the only district in Buda which has not got a connection to the river Danube, it lies on the green, hilly suburban area of Budapest.
It borders 2nd district to the north, the 1st district (Castle district and Gellérthegy) to the east and 11th district (Kelenföld and Sashegy) to the south.
It has several neighbourhoods: Budakeszierdő, Csillebérc, Farkasrét, Farkasvölgy, Istenhegy, Jánoshegy, Kissvábhegy, Krisztinaváros, Kútvölgy, Magasút, Mártonhegy, Németvölgy, Orbánhegy, Sashegy, Svábhegy, Széchenyihegy, Virányos, Zugliget.
Torre de Collserola () is a uniquely designed tower located on the Tibidabo hill in the Serra de Collserola, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
It was designed by the architect Sir Norman Foster and by the Spanish civil engineers Julio Martínez Calzón and Manuel Julià Vilardell.
The top antenna reaches 288.4 m (946 ft) and the top of the pod, which has thirteen floors, reaches 152 m (499 ft).
The tower has a space for event organisations, composed by a reception room and an observation desk set 560 metres above sea level.
The tower has a hollow slip-formed, reinforced concrete main shaft of only 4.5 m diameter, which reduces to a mere 3 m to hold a radio mast which telescopes from 2.7 m to 0.7 m.
The thirteen floors are surrounded by a perimeter of open stainless steel grilles and suspended from the shaft by three primary vertical steel trusses.
The Donauturm () is a tower in Vienna, the tallest structure in Austria at , and among the 75 tallest towers in the world.
Opening in April 1964, the tower is located near the north bank of the Danube River in the district of Donaustadt.
The Donauturm was constructed during 1962–1964, as designed by architect Hannes Lintl, in preparation for the Viennese International Horticultural Show 1964.
After approximately 18 months of construction, under the supervision of Eberhard Födisch, the tower was officially opened on 16 April 1964 by Federal President Adolf Schärf.
Since then, it has become a part of the Viennese skyline and has become a popular lookout point and a tourist attraction.
It is situated in the middle of the Donaupark, which was built to host the horticultural fair in Vienna's 22nd District, Donaustadt, near the northern bank of the Danube.
In strong winds, the elevators travel at only half speed because of the possible fluctuation of the tower: the movement of the elevator cable could be dangerous.
Two revolving restaurants (at a height of 161.2 and 169.4 metres, or 529 and 556 ft) offer a varied view over the Austrian capital and the Danube River below.
While three of them floated past the tower, the fourth was driven against the tower, where it was initially hung on the security grills, at a height of approx.
The American balloonist Francis Shields died, along with two Austrian passengers: a higher official of the Austrian Post and Telegraph Management, Guntram Pammer, and journalist Dieter Kasper of the Austrian Press agency.
The German Wikipedia had an approximately 600,000-character discussion about the suitable title and categories, as some authors, many of them Austrian, regarded the Donauturm as a mere observation tower.
Alan George Heywood Melly (17 August 1926 – 5 July 2007) was an English jazz and blues singer, critic, writer and lecturer.
He was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, and was educated at Stowe School, where he discovered his interest in modern art, jazz and blues, and started coming to terms with his sexuality.
Melly once stated that he may have been drawn to surrealism by a particular experience he had during his teenage years.
A frequent visitor to Liverpool's Sefton Park near his home, he often entered its tropical Palm House and there chatted to wounded soldiers from a nearby military hospital.
It was the incongruity of this sight, men smoking among the exotic plants, dressed in their hospital uniforms and usually missing a limb, that he felt he later recognised in the work of the Surrealists.
After the war, Melly found work in a London Surrealist gallery, working with E. L. T. Mesens and eventually drifted into the world of jazz, finding work with Mick Mulligan's Magnolia Jazz Band.
The event included Alex Welsh, Diz Disley, Acker Bilk, Chris Barber, Kenny Ball, Ken Colyer, Monty Sunshine, Bob Wallis, Bruce Turner, Mick Mulligan and Melly.
He was also a member of the Max Miller Appreciation Society and on 1 May 2005 joined Roy Hudd, Norman Wisdom and others in unveiling a statue of Miller in Brighton.
While many British musicians of the time treated jazz and blues with almost religious solemnity, Melly rejoiced in their more bawdy side, and this was reflected in his choice of songs and exuberant stage performances.
Melly, who was bisexual, moved from strictly homosexual relationships in his teens and twenties to largely heterosexual relationships from his thirties onwards.
He married twice and had a child from each marriage, though his first child Pandora was not known to be his until she was much older.
She brought with her two children (Candy and Patrick) from two previous marriages, though Patrick later died from a heroin overdose in his twenties.
However, jazz followed him to Wales and this led to a series of celebrated performances in the area and in the South Wales valleys.
In 1984 the Brecon Jazz Festival was conceived by a group of jazz enthusiasts who gained widespread support from the local community.
His passion for fly-fishing never dwindled and in later life he sold several important paintings (by Magritte and Picasso) to enable him to buy a mile of the River Usk.
Melly was still active in music, journalism and lecturing on surrealism and other aspects of modern art until his death, despite worsening health problems such as vascular dementia, incipient emphysema and lung cancer.
His encouragement and support to gallery owner Michael Budd led to a posthumous exhibition for the modern abstract artist François Lanzi.
In addition to age-related health problems, Melly suffered from environmental hearing loss because of long-term exposure to on-stage sound systems, and his hearing in both ears became increasingly poor.
He often equated his dementia to a quite amusing LSD trip, and took a lot of pleasure from his deafness, which he said made many boring conversations more interesting.
On Sunday 10 June 2007, Melly made an appearance, announced as his last ever performance, at the 100 Club in London.
He died at his London home of lung cancer and emphysema (which he had for the last two years of his life) aged 80 on 5 July 2007.
In 2018, writer, musician and filmmaker Chris Wade (known for his music project Dodson and Fogg) made a documentary about Melly entitled The Certainty of Hazard, featuring his wife Diana, son Tom and various friends and associates.
Being the very first dedicated television tower in the Soviet Union, the Saint Petersburg TV Tower is utilized for transmitting for FM-/TV-broadcasting throughout the federal city.
Upon its completion in the same year, the tower was, and is, considered the first dedicated television tower to have ever served the Soviet Union, transmitting FM-/TV-broadcasting ever since.
The Saint Petersburg TV Tower is situated at 3 Ulitsa Akademika Pavlova, which lies in the federal city of Saint Petersburg which, in turn, is the administrative centre of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.
The television tower is located in Central Saint Petersburg, wherein, several famous landmarks, such as famous parks and several embankments, can be found alongside and/or near the tower.
The Saint Petersburg TV Tower is a truss tower made up of steel, making it one of the sturdiest as well.
Being a dual-purpose tower, the Saint Petersburg TV Tower features an observation platform at a height of , thus, being an observation tower at the same time.
In terms of height records, the Saint Petersburg TV Tower is considered as the second-tallest tower after the concrete Ostankino Tower and the tallest lattice tower in Russia, possessing a total height of .
In addition, the Saint Petersburg TV Tower ranks as the eleventh-tallest lattice tower in the world, the second-tallest television tower, and the tallest lattice television tower in the whole of the Russian Federation (see list of tallest towers in the world).
In cases where indigenous territories cover more than one department or municipality, local governments jointly administer them with the indigenous councils, as set out in Articles 329 and 330 of the Colombian Constitution of 1991.
Law 160 of 1994 created the National System of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development Campesino, and replaced Law 135 of 1961 on Agrarian Social Reform; it establishes and sets out the functions of INCORA, one of the most important being to declare which territories will acquire the status of indigenous protection and what extension of existing ones will be allowed.
By 1853 the number of provinces had increased to thirty-six, namely:Antioquia, Azuero, Barbacoas, Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Casanare, Cauca, Chiriquí, Chocó, Córdova, Cundinamarca, García Rovira, Mariquita, Medellín, Mompós, Neiva, Ocaña, Pamplona, Panamá, Pasto, Popayán, Riohacha, Sabanilla, Santa Marta, Santander, Socorro, Soto, Tequendama, Tunja, Tundama, Túquerres, Valle de Upar, Veraguas, Vélez and Zipaquirá.
By 1858 this process was complete, with a resulting eight federal states: Panamá was formed in 1855, Antioquia in 1856, Santander in May 1857, and Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were formed in June 1858.
In the United States, a department of motor vehicles (DMV) is a state-level government agency that administers vehicle registration and driver licensing.
Driver licensing and vehicle registration in the United States are handled by the state government in all states but Hawaii, where local governments perform DMV functions.
The location of a department or division of motor vehicles within the structure of a state's government tends to vary widely.
Hawaii is the only U.S. state where no part of the state government performs DMV functions; it has completely delegated vehicle registration and driver licensing to county governments.
In Kentucky, the Transportation Cabinet sets the policies and designs for licenses and vehicle registration; but the actual registration and licensing are handled by county clerks' (vehicle registration) and Circuit Court clerks' (drivers licensing) offices.
Likewise, in Tennessee, the Department of Revenue and the Driver License Services Division of the Department of Safety and Homeland Security establishes policies and designs for licenses and vehicle registration, but the actual registration and licensing are handled by county clerks.
In the District of Columbia, which is not part of any state, the DMV (formerly the Bureau of Motor Vehicle Services) is part of the city government.
In Virginia, the Department of Motor Vehicles handles both driver licensing and vehicle registration, while the Virginia State Police and the Department of Environmental Quality administer safety inspection and emission inspection, respectively.
In some states, the DMV is not a separate cabinet-level department, but instead is a division or bureau within a larger department.
Departments that perform DMV functions include the Department of Justice (Montana), the Department of Public Safety (Texas, Ohio), the Department of Revenue (Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado), and the Department of Transportation (Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin).
In New Hampshire and Tennessee, the Division of Motor Vehicles and the Driver License Services Division, respectively, is a division of each state's Department of Safety (in Tennessee, Department of Safety and Homeland Security).
Some states do not separate DMV functions into distinct organizational entities at all, but simply bundle them into responsibilities assigned to an existing government agency.
For example, in the state of Washington, the Department of Licensing is responsible for driver's licenses and vehicle and boat registrations in addition to most other business and occupational licensing.
In Maine, Michigan, and Illinois, the Secretary of State's offices perform responsibilities that would be handled by the DMV in other states.
Armed Forces active duty service members are an exception to this general rule; by federal law, servicemembers do not change legal residence when relocating to a new duty station unless they take voluntary action to do so.
These individuals have the option of retaining the license and vehicle registration of their legal residence or obtaining a new license and registration locally.
The Office of Foreign Missions at the U.S. Department of State has a Diplomatic Motor Vehicles program that issues driver's licenses to foreign diplomats and their dependents, registers their vehicles, and issues special diplomatic license plates.
The REAL ID Act of 2005 is an attempt to provide a national standard for identification cards in the United States as identification cards are commonly used in everyday life.
In some states, besides conducting the written and hands-on driving tests that are a prerequisite to earning a driver's license, DMVs also regulate private driving schools and their instructors.
While almost all DMVs title vehicles that are driven on roadways, the responsibility to title boats, mobile homes, and off-road vehicles can be the responsibility of other agencies such as a Department of Natural Resources (DNR).
As the issuer of vehicle titles, DMVs are also usually responsible for recording liens made with an automobile as collateral on a secured loan.
The penalty for such a violation is a $1000 fine and, for first time offenders, a revocation of the inspection permit for 30 days.
In Texas, the Automobile Burglary and Theft Prevention Authority (ABTPA) educates Texans on how to protect themselves from motor vehicle theft and awards financial grants to curtail auto theft and burglary.
Compared to standard law enforcement officers, DMV law enforcement agents operate with greater flexibility when it comes to their specific police powers.
If a person under investigation by the DMV refuses to answer questions or meet with DMV law enforcement agents, their registration and tags may be canceled.
Although a citizen has a constitutional right not to speak or meet with sworn law enforcement officers while under investigation, no constitutional right protects a person's motor vehicle registration with a state agency.
If a person is stopped by police under suspicion of driving while impaired, and refuses a breath test to determine blood alcohol content, the DMV automatically revokes that person's license for one year.
Even if evidence of that person's impairment is found insufficient at trial, the individual loses their driving privileges simply for having refused the sobriety test.
In most states, a separate identification card indicating residency is optionally provided in the case that one does not have a driver's license.
A liquor identification is also provided in some jurisdictions for residents to affirm their age of majority to sellers of liquor, although a state-issued ID that proves the individual is over the legal drinking age often suffices.
Stand Watie () (December 12, 1806 – September 9, 1871), also known as Standhope Uwatie, Tawkertawker, and Isaac S. Watie, was a leader of the Cherokee Nation.
They allied with the Confederacy, and he was the only Native American to attain a general's rank in the Civil War, Confederacy or Union.
Prior to removal of the Cherokee to Indian Territory in the late 1830s, Watie and his older brother Elias Boudinot were among Cherokee leaders who signed the Treaty of New Echota in 1835.
Watie in 1842 killed one of his uncle's attackers, and in 1845 his brother Thomas Watie was killed in retaliation, in a continuing cycle of violence that reached Indian Territory.
Watie led the Southern Cherokee delegation to Washington, D.C. after the war to sue for peace, hoping to have tribal divisions recognized.
After Uwatie converted to Christianity with the Moravians, he took the name of David Uwatie; he and Susanna renamed Degataga as Isaac.
Along with his two brothers and sisters, Stand Watie learned to read and write English at the Moravian mission school in Spring Place, Cherokee Nation (now Georgia).
There was continuing conflict, and Congress passed the 1830 Indian Removal Act, to relocate all Indians from the Southeast to lands west of the Mississippi River.
The majority of the Cherokee opposed removal, and the Tribal Council and Chief John Ross, of the National Party, refused to ratify the treaty.
Those Cherokee who remained on tribal lands in the East were rounded up and forcibly removed by the U.S. government in 1838.
Stand Watie, his brother Elias Boudinot, their uncle Major Ridge and cousin John Ridge, along with several other Treaty Party men, were all sentenced to death on June 22, 1839; only Stand Watie survived.
He arranged for his brother Elias' children to be sent for their safety and education to their mother's family in Connecticut; their mother Harriet had died in 1836 before the migration.
In the 1850s Stand Watie was tried in Arkansas for the murder of Foreman; he was acquitted on the grounds of self-defense.
Although he fought Federal troops, he also led his men in fighting between factions of the Cherokee and in attacks on Cherokee civilians and farms, as well as against the Creek, Seminole and others in Indian Territory who chose to support the Union.
Under the overall command of General Benjamin McCulloch, Watie's troops captured Union artillery positions and covered the retreat of Confederate forces from the battlefield after the Union took control.
In August 1862, after John Ross and his followers announced their support for the Union and went to Fort Leavenworth, the remaining Southern Confederate minority faction elected Stand Watie as principal chief.
He commanded the First Indian Brigade of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi, composed of two regiments of Mounted Rifles and three battalions of Cherokee, Seminole and Osage infantry.
They fought in a number of battles and skirmishes in the western Confederate states, including the Indian Territory, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and Texas.
Watie took part in what is considered to be the greatest (and most famous) Confederate victory in Indian Territory, the Second Battle of Cabin Creek, which took place in what is now Mayes County, Oklahoma on September 19, 1864.
He and General Richard Montgomery Gano led a raid that captured a Federal wagon train and netted approximately $1 million worth of wagons, mules, commissary supplies, and other needed items.
Since most Cherokee were now Union supporters, during the war, General Watie's family and other Confederate Cherokee took refuge in Rusk and Smith counties of east Texas.
The Cherokee and allied warriors became a potent Confederate fighting force that kept Union troops out of southern Indian Territory and large parts of north Texas throughout the war, but spent most of their time attacking other Cherokee.
On June 23, 1865, at Doaksville in the Choctaw Nation (now Oklahoma), Watie signed a cease-fire agreement with Union representatives for his command, the First Indian Brigade of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi.
In September 1865, after his demobilization, Watie went to Texas to see his wife Sallie and to mourn the death of their son, Comisky, who had died at age 15.
After the war, Watie was a member of the Cherokee Delegation to the Southern Treaty Commission, which renegotiated treaties with the United States.
John Ross had signed an alliance with the Confederacy in 1861 in order to avoid disunity within his tribe and among the Indian Territory Indians.
In the summer of 1862, Ross removed the tribal records to Union-held Kansas and then proceeded to Washington to meet with President Lincoln.
After many Cherokee fled north to Kansas or south to Texas for safety, pro-Confederates took advantage of the instability and elected Stand Watie principal chief.
Open warfare broke out between Confederate and Union Cherokee within Indian Territory, the damage heightened by brigands with no allegiance at all.
The U.S. government, recognizing that the two factions would never agree on common terms, decided to negotiate with them separately and play them against each other.
The Northern Cherokee suggested adopting them into the tribe, but wanted the federal government to give the Freedman an exclusive piece of associated territory.
This treaty was signed by Ross on July 19, 1866, and ratified by the U.S. Senate on July 27, four days before Ross' death.
The tribe was strongly divided over the treaty issues and a new chief was elected, Lewis Downing, a full-blood and compromise candidate.
He was buried in the old Ridge Cemetery, later called Polson's Cemetery, in what is now Delaware County, Oklahoma, on September 9, 1871 as a citizen of the Cherokee Nation.
Saladin died while the family was living at Mount Tabor / Bellview, Texas (the home of his in-laws the Bells) in 1868, while Solon died during the following year.
Their main product line is a Lotus Seven inspired car - vehicles originally designed by Colin Chapman with only the bare essentials for motoring in order to give the rawest and most exhilarating driving experience.
Whilst Caterham Cars bought the rights from Lotus Cars, Chris Smith set up a rival company and manufactured kits with very similar styling and construction.
This led Caterham to threaten litigation (based on Industrial design rights) in the late 1980s which was eventually settled out of court and resulted in Westfield improving and changing the design of their cars.
Westfield prefers to employ the same glass fibre body method that Lotus has traditionally used for their other models such as the Elise, Esprit, and Elan, rather than the aluminium used by Caterham.
Westfield has also pioneered technical innovations such as Independent rear suspension and a wider chassis, which other manufacturers have since adopted.
The wide range of drivetrain configurations available to Westfield customers now includes the Honda S2000 engine and gearbox as part of the company's MegaS2000 kit and cars.
In the first series of BBC's Top Gear, a Westfield XTR2 driven by the black Stig set a faster lap time than the reigning record holder of that series, the Pagani Zonda.
In June 2009 Westfield became the first Niche Vehicle Manufacturer to be awarded European Small Series Production Status with its Sport Turbo model, and has subsequently produced the iRacer - an all-electric racing vehicle, as well as a Hybrid vehicle version of the Sport Turbo model.
Sheng is a Swahili and English-based cant, perhaps a mixed language or creole, originating among the urban working poor of Nairobi, Kenya, and influenced by many of the languages spoken there.
Most of the Sheng words are introduced in various communities and schools and given wide exposure by music artists who include them in their lyrics, hence the rapid growth.
Radio presenters John Karani, Jeff Mwangemi and Prince Otach, and many more, took it to the mainstream by presenting the first radio shows using Sheng phrases on the national broadcast.
Although the grammar, syntax, and much of the vocabulary are drawn from Swahili, Sheng borrows from the languages of some of the largest ethnic groups in Kenya, including Luhya, Gĩkũyũ, Luo and Kamba.
Sheng vocabulary can vary significantly within Kenya's various subdivisions and the larger African Great Lakes region, and even between neighbourhoods in Nairobi.
Many youth living in the capital often use the argot as their everyday mode of communication rather than Swahili or English.
Although Watts-Russell and John Fryer were the only two official members, the band's recorded output featured a large rotating cast of supporting artists, many of whom were otherwise associated with 4AD, including members of Cocteau Twins, Pixies, and Dead Can Dance.
Watts-Russell had founded 4AD in 1980, and the label established itself as one of the key labels in the British post-punk movement.
At the time, the band was closing its set with this medley, and Watts-Russell felt it was strong enough to warrant a re-recording.
When the band rebuffed the idea, Watts-Russell decided to assemble a group of musicians to record the medley: Elizabeth Fraser and Robin Guthrie of Cocteau Twins; Gordon Sharp of Cindytalk; and a few members of Modern English.
In June 1998, Watts-Russell began releasing albums in a similar vein to his TMC projects, under the name The Hope Blister.
The channels were designed to sell consumer products via digital TV (currently carried by digital satellite, cable, and terrestrial) or the Internet.
On 1 August 2011, 'Sit-Up' was renamed 'Bid Shopping', with 'Bid TV', 'Price-Drop TV' and 'Speed Auction TV' becoming 'Bid', 'Price Drop' and 'Speed Auction' respectively.
On 21 May 2013, it was announced that the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) had referred Sit-Up Limited to Ofcom for consideration of statutory sanctions following repeated breaches of the UK Code of Broadcast Advertising.
In December 2013, the struggling Bid Shopping group was taken over by former Corporate Restructuring Lawyer Bryan Green; the channel posted pre-tax losses of £7.4m in 2011 and a 10% fall in sales.
In February 2014, it was revealed Bid Shopping had debts of £68m and was looking to enter a voluntary agreement with its creditors to keep the company going.
On 10 March 2014, Bid was rebranded as 'Shop at Bid' and took on a more traditional shopping channel look with the premium rate number replaced with a number costing 20p per minute, it also appears the channel is no longer having auctions and has gone for a traditional sell and buy format.
On 17 April 2014, Bid Shopping was put into administration; Shop at Bid and its sister channel Price Drop were closed down with immediate effect with around 200 jobs being lost.
On 18 February 2015, Grant Miller, through the company Bid Shopping Limited, acquired the intellectual property, patents, brands and domains of Sit-Up, which resulted in Sit-Up emerging from administration.
Bid TV announced via Twitter it will relaunch as an online channel on 4 January 2016 first, then to relaunch on TV during later in the year but due to technical difficulties, they had to delay it again for the 3rd time.
In early January 2005, it was announced that Sit-Up would launch two free-to-air movie channels called Real-movies.tv and Movies On 333.
Real-movies.tv was to be female orientated with an emphasis on true stories, whilst Movies On 333 (intended for Sky Digital channel 333) would focus on western and niche films.
However, another company would launch their own free-to-air movie channel just ahead of Sit-Up's in the 333 slot; True Movies was also female orientated with an emphasis on true stories.
Sit-Up changed their original channel proposals, with Matinee Movies and Bad Movies emerging as their new channels (details below), which both launched on 25 April 2005.
It started by broadcasting 12 hours a day, many of which were pre-recorded, with auction graphics overlaid so people could bid although the video itself was pre-recorded.
Shop at Bid was available on Freeview channel 23, Virgin Media channel 745, Sky channel 645, Freesat channel 802, and WightFibre channel 704.
Price Drop was available on Freeview channel 37, Virgin Media channel 741, Sky channel 654, Freesat channel 801, and WightFibre channel 706.
The channel was later renamed again to Bid Plus in March 2013 and lasted until its closure a few months later.
Pricedropper.co.uk launched on 25 August 2010 and was Bid Shopping's online-only channel, which focuses on fixed-price 'auctions', which aim to beat the high street.
In under a year, the channel and EPG slot was sold to Dolphin Television who rebranded it as a 24-hour channel called Movies4Men on 1 February 2006.
As per Matinee Movies, the channel and EPG slot was also sold to Dolphin Television who rebranded it as a 24-hour channel called ACTIONMAX (later rebranded as Movies4Men 2) on 1 February 2006.
A deal in July 2004 meant that Vector Direct began to broadcast their presentations exclusively on the channel, this led to the channel being stripped of its identity.
Screenshop also broadcast during the hours of 01:30 to 07:45 during Bid Shopping's downtime on its other channels, Bid and Price Drop.
After Probus had left Syria for the Rhine in 280, unruly soldiers and the people of Alexandria forced a reluctant Saturninus to accept imperial office.
However, the cost of living has risen considerably in recent years and is now on par with that of the rest of central Helsinki.
The best-known features of Hakaniemi include a large and lively marketplace, Oriental food stores with a good variety of Asian imported products the headquarters of several trade unions, the headquarters of the Social Democratic Party of Finland and the Left Alliance Party and the Helsinki Hilton hotel.
Famous buildings include the round Ympyrätalo building (architects Heikki and Kaija Sirén, 1968) and the (architect Karl Hård af Segerstad, 1914).
Contrary to popular belief, Töölö is no longer an official name of any district or neighbourhood in Helsinki; in 1959 Töölö was divided into Etu-Töölö (; lit.
Three entries were lifted out for recognition; first prize was awarded to architect Gustaf Nyström (together with engineer Herman Norrmén), second prize to architect Lars Sonck, and third prize to a joint entry by Sonck together with architects Bertil Jung and Valter Thomé.
Nyström's scheme represented classicism with wide main streets and imposing public buildings arranged in symmetrical axial compositions, and the other two extries following two picturesque theories of town planning proposed at that time by Viennese city planner Camillo Sitte, with the street network adapted to the rocky terrain and with picturesque compositions.
When this led to further stalemate Nyström and Sonck were commissioned to work together on the final plan combining Nyström's spacious street network and elements of Sonck's Sittesque details.
The final plan (1916) under the direction of Jung, made the scheme more uniform, while the architecture is seen as typical of the Nordic Classicism style.
A typical street in the plan is that of Museokatu, with tall lines of buildings in a classical style along a curving street line.
A still wider (24 metres) new tree-lined boulevard was that of Helsinginkatu, driven through the working-class district of Kallio, first outlined in 1887 by Sonck, but with further input from Nyström, and completed in around 1923.
There are many parks, including Hesperia Park on the Töölö Bay and also Sibelius Park, named after composer Jean Sibelius and containing a monument in his name.
Töölö also has a vibrant cultural life, being the location of the Finnish National Opera, the National Museum of Finland, Kunsthalle Helsinki, the Zoological Museum, Töölö Library, and many small galleries and bookstores.
With the Olympic Stadium, Sonera Stadium, the Sports Hall and the Ice Hall, all within walking distance from each other, Taka-Töölö is also a significant neighbourhood for sport life in Helsinki.
Hero City (, , ) is a Soviet honorary title awarded for outstanding heroism during World War II (the Eastern Front is known in most countries of the former Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War).
The same day ukases were issued about awarding the cities mentioned above: Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), Volgograd (former Stalingrad), Kiev, Sevastopol, and Odessa.
It was located right on the recently established border between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany drawn in the secret appendix to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
As such, the fortress had little warning when the Axis invaded on 22 June 1941, and became the site of the first major fighting between Soviet frontier guards and the invading German forces of Army Group Centre.
German artillery heavily shelled the fortress; the subsequent attempt to quickly take it with infantry failed, however, and the Germans started a lengthy siege.
The Brest garrison, although cut off from the outside world and having run out of food, water and ammunition, fought and counter-attacked until the very last minute.
Even after the fortress was officially taken, the few surviving defenders continued to hide in the basements and to harass the Germans for several months.
The city of Leningrad, now known as Saint Petersburg, saw what is regarded as one of the greatest human tragedies of the entire war.
Leningrad, one of the cities with a large amount of classical and baroque architecture on the Baltic Sea, was a city with a pre-war population of three million inhabitants.
Finnish forces had meanwhile recaptured the Karelian Isthmus northwest of the city, which they had lost after the Winter War in 1940.
As the Gulf of Finland was blocked as well, Leningrad's only contact with the outer world was a vulnerable waterway across Lake Ladoga (Road of Life), as Finnish command didn't agree to German requests to advance beyond the River Svir and to conquer the rest of the Lake's coastline.
Since taking the city seemed too costly to the Germans, in the light of bitter Soviet resistance, they instead began the Siege of Leningrad in order to starve the city to death.
All public transportation stopped in 1941-42 winter, but in 1942 city tramcars were relaunched (trolleys and buses were inoperable until end of the war).
Thousands of Leningrad citizens froze or starved to death in the first winter of the siege alone, dying at home in their beds or collapsing from exhaustion in the streets.
When Lake Ladoga froze in the winter, the Road of Life was opened to the Soviet-held southern shore, with a long trail of trucks bringing food and supplies to the besieged city and evacuating citizens on their way back.
When Soviet forces eventually lifted the siege in January 1944, over one million inhabitants of Leningrad had died from starvation, exposure and German shelling.
The defence of Stalingrad from July to November 1942, the counter-offensive of 19 November 1942 that trapped the Axis forces in and around the ruined city, and the German surrender on 2 February 1943 marked the turning-point of the European Theatre of World War II.
Workers of the city's weapons factories started personally handing over arms and ammunition to the defending soldiers as the Germans closed in, and eventually continued the fight themselves.
The Red Army moved its strategic reserve from Moscow to the lower Volga, and transferred all available aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad area.
The Germans eventually lost a quarter of their total forces deployed on the Eastern Front, and never fully recovered from the defeat.
In early August 1941, the Black Sea port of Odessa, located in present-day Ukraine, was attacked and besieged by Romanian forces fighting alongside their German allies.
The fierce battle in defense of the city lasted until 16 October, when the remaining Soviet troops, as well as 15,000 civilians were evacuated by sea.
German and Romanian troops had advanced to the outskirts of the city from the north and launched their attack on 30 October 1941.
Having failed to take the city, Axis forces began a siege and heavy bombardment, with such unusual pieces of ordnance as the Mörser Karl self-propelled mortar, and the gigantic Schwerer Gustav railroad cannon.
A second Axis offensive against the city, launched in December 1941, failed as well, as the Soviet army and navy forces continued to fight fiercely.
The advance of the German Army Group Centre came to a halt in late November 1941, at the outskirts of Moscow itself.
General Georgy Zhukov, who assumed command of the city's defence, largely left close combat tactics to the local commanders on the city's approaches, and focused on concentrating fresh troops from Siberia for an eventual counter-attack.
In the freezing cold of an unusually harsh winter, Soviet forces, including well-equipped ski battalions, drove the exhausted Germans back out of reach of Moscow and consolidated their positions on 7 January 1942.
When the Germans commenced their offensive on 7 July, Soviet forces concentrated in the Kyiv area were ordered to stand fast, and a breakout was prohibited.
Kyiv again became a battlefield when advancing Soviet forces pushed the Germans back West, liberating the city on 6 November 1943.
The city of Novorossiysk on the eastern coast of the Black Sea provided a stronghold against the German summer offensive of 1942.
The Soviets however retained possession of the eastern part of the bay, which prevented the Germans from using the port for supply shipments.
Kerch, a Ukrainian port in the East of the Crimean peninsula, formed a bridgehead at the strait dividing Crimea from the Southern Russian mainland.
In May 1942 the Germans occupied the city again, yet Soviet partisan forces held out in the cliffs near the city until October 1942.
Tula, a historical Russian city with important military industry south of Moscow, became the target of a German offensive to break Soviet resistance in the Moscow area between 24 October and 5 December 1941.
The heavily fortified city held out, however, and secured the Southern flank during the Soviet defence of Moscow and the subsequent counter-offensive.
The city of Murmansk, located on the Kola Peninsula close to the Norwegian and Finnish borders, was a strategically important sea port and industrial city.
It was the only Soviet port on the northern coast that did not freeze in the winter, and was vital for the transport of supplies to the South.
Axis forces discontinued their attacks in late October 1941, having failed to take Murmansk or to cut off the Karelian railway line.
German armoured divisions of Army Group Centre began an offensive on July 10, 1941 to encircle Soviet forces in the Smolensk area.
The bitter fighting had considerably delayed the overall German advance toward Moscow, so that defence lines further east could be strengthened.
A number of other countries also awarded their highest military decorations to cities or other territorial units in commemoration of events of World War II.
The Republic of Cuba awards the title of Hero City to those cities with recognized military history, either in the 19th or 20th centuries.
The most prominent example of these is the Hero City of Santiago de Cuba, awarded as such for its part in the Cuban War of Independence against the Spanish, the Spanish–American War and the Cuban Revolution.
After Croatian War of Independence 1991 Croatian border city Vukovar was named Hero City because of damage to Vukovar during the siege 1991 has been called the worst in Europe since World War II, drawing comparisons with Stalingrad.
Prince Gustav Vasa, Count Itterburg (; 9 November 1799 at Stockholm – 4 August/5 August 1877 at Pillnitz), born Crown Prince of Sweden and later called Gustaf Gustafsson von Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Vasa, was the son of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Queen Frederica.
After his birth, he was raised under the supervision of the royal governesses Hedvig Ulrika De la Gardie and Charlotte Stierneld in succession.
When he was ten years old, his father was deposed by the Coup of 1809 and the family was forced into exile.
Queen Charlotte, wife of the new king, was one of the leading figures of the Gustavian Party, and often visited ex-queen Frederica in her house arrest and worked for prince Gustav to be acknowledged as heir to the throne.
She wrote of this issue in her diaries: during a dinner, General Georg Adlersparre told her that Jean Baptiste Bernadotte had asked whether she had any issue, and was interested when he found she had not.
During that period, Queen Charlotte described him in her famous diary as an obedient and dutiful child with a great ability to learn.
When Princess Sophie asked him why their father was no longer King, he told her that it was best not to talk about it.
However, when she told him that he too had lost his position as heir, he cried and embraced her without a word.
He served as an officer to the Habsburgs of Austria, and in 1829, Emperor Francis I created him Prince of Vasa ().
During the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) there was some talk of Gustav becoming its first king, but this never materialized.
In 1828, he became engaged to Princess Marianne of the Netherlands, but political pressure forced an end to any wedding plans.
On 9 November 1830, he married in Karlsruhe his first cousin, Princess Louise Amelie of Baden (5 June 1811 in Schwetzingen – 19 July 1854 in Karlsruhe).
Romanzo d'appendìce (Italian for Feuilleton) was a popular genre in literature, which originated in England and France, in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th.
This literary genre is characterised by the existence of many and often recurring characters, and by many cliffhangers at the end of a chapter, to ensure sales of the next episode.
This is a clear case of form influencing content: these novels were published in episodes in newspapers and could in a certain sense be compared to modern soap opera.
Ponson du Terrail, Eugene Sue, Maurice Leblanc, Gustave Le Rouge and Michel Zévaco were among the numerous authors which contributed to the genre.
Maximilian Maria Joseph Karl Gabriel Lamoral Reichsfreiherr von und zu Weichs an der Glon (12 November 1881 – 27 September 1954) was a field marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.
During the Nuremberg Trials, Weichs was implicated in war crimes committed in the Balkans and was scheduled to take part in the US Army's Hostages Trial.
Born in 1881 into an aristocratic family, Maximilian von Weichs entered the Bavarian Cavalry in 1900 and participated in World War I as a staff officer.
Transferred from the 3rd Cavalry Division to command Germany's 1st Panzer Division upon its formation in October 1935, he led the unit in maneuvers that impressed Army Commander in Chief Werner von Fritsch.
In October 1937 he became the commander of the 13th Army Corps, that later served in the 1938 German annexation of the Sudetenland.
After the Polish surrender, he was made Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Army, a part of Rundstedt's Army Group A in the West.
Leading his army, Weichs later took part in the Balkans Campaign, and in preparation for Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he was assigned to lead the 2nd Army as a part of Fedor von Bock’s Army Group Centre.
He led the 2nd Army in 1941 through the Battle of Kiev, the Battle of Smolensk, and then on to Vyazma and Bryansk.
In addition to the German armies, Army Group B included the 2nd Hungarian Army, 8th Italian Army, the Third and the Fourth Romanian Armies.
Later in February, the remaining part merged with the Don Group into a newly reinstated Army Group South, also led by Manstein.
Since August 1943 Weichs was commander-in-chief in German occupied Yugoslavia, Albania and Thrace whose headquarters were first in Belgrade and since 5 October 1944 in Vukovar.
In order to read a hologram out, some aspects of the reference beam (namely its angle of incidence, beam profile and wavelength) must be reproduced exactly as when it was used to write the hologram.
As a result, usually reference beams are Gaussian beams or spherical wave beams (beams that radiate from a single point) which are fairly easy to reproduce.
In the case of holographic data storage, the beam has some kind information encoded into it (for instance, it can be sent through a transparency or a spatial light modulator).
According to Herodotus and other classical writers, the Caucones were displaced or absorbed by the Bithynians, who had migrated from Thrace.
(The Bithynians also expelled or absorbed other autochthonous tribes, such as the Mysians, although one – the Mariandyni – maintained their cultural independence, in area that became north-east Bithynia.
Strabo (8.3.14–15) in discussing Triphylian Pylos lists Caucones once inhabiting Lepreion as does Pausanias (5.5.5), a settlement that may have had custody over Hades-Demeter shrines at Mt.
1.146-7), after contributing to the spread of the Eleusinian Great Goddesses into Messenia and Thebes (Paus.4.1.5–9), Ephesos and Kolophon (Strabo 14.1.3).
The Milesian Caucones, according to Herodotus (1.147), possessed ancestry from Pylian Codrus, son of Melanthos, the very same genealogy Herodotus (5.65) assigns to the Athenian tyrant Peisistratos.
The Caucones are not to be confused with the Cicones (also mentioned in the Iliad and the Odyssey) who were a Thracian tribe on the south coast of Thrace.
They occur in all Australian states but the genus is under review and a number of species are yet to be described or the description published.
The leaves are usually arranged in opposite pairs and may be simple leaves or compound leaves with up to nineteen or more leaflets, in either a pinnate or bipinnate arrangement.
The flowers are arranged in groups in the leaf axils or on the ends of the branches and have both male and female parts.
Boronias are found in all states and mainland territories of Australia and generally grow in open forests or woodlands, only rarely in rainforests or arid areas.
The Laramie Project is a 2000 play by Moisés Kaufman and members of the Tectonic Theater Project (specifically, Leigh Fondakowski, writer-director; Stephen Belber, Greg Pierotti, Barbara Pitts, Stephen Wangh, Amanda Gronich, Sara Lambert, John McAdams, Maude Mitchell, Andy Paris, and Kelli Simpkins) about the reaction to the 1998 murder of gay University of Wyoming student Matthew Shepard in Laramie, Wyoming.
The murder was denounced as a hate crime and brought attention to the lack of hate crime laws in various states, including Wyoming.
An example of verbatim theatre, the play draws on hundreds of interviews conducted by the theatre company with inhabitants of the town, company members' own journal entries, and published news reports.
It was next performed in the Union Square Theatre in New York City before a November 2002 performance in Laramie, Wyoming.
Many of the performances are all great in the United States have been picketed by followers of Fred Phelps from the Westboro Baptist Church.
But in 2009 it still generated controversy in Colorado and Las Vegas, Nevada, where some parents tried to block a production.
The Foundation's Laramie Project Specialist can help with media, historical context, creative consulting, and other resources and services at no charge to non-profit theatres and educational and religious institutions.
The Foundation can also help those who wish to engage their communities in a conversation about how to erase hate in the world.
After seeing the play, New Jersey resident Dean Walton was inspired to donate more than 500 books and other media to the University of Wyoming's Rainbow Resource Center.
Ten years after Shepard's murder, members of Tectonic Theater Project returned to Laramie to conduct follow-up interviews with residents featured in the play.
The play debuted as a reading at nearly 150 theatres across the US and internationally on October 12, 2009 – the 11th anniversary of Matthew Shepard's death.
Many of the openings were linked by webcam to New York City, where Judy Shepard, Matthew's mother, and the play's producers and writers gave an opening speech, followed by an address by actress Glenn Close.
One of six species of crested penguin, it is very closely related to the royal penguin, and some authorities consider the two to be a single species.
Like all penguins, it is flightless, with a streamlined body and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine lifestyle.
Its diet consists of a variety of crustaceans, mainly krill, as well as small fish and cephalopods; the species consumes more marine life annually than any other species of seabird.
Numbering up to 100,000 individuals, the breeding colonies of the macaroni penguin are among the largest and densest of all penguin species.
After spending the summer breeding, penguins disperse into the oceans for six months; a 2009 study found that macaroni penguins from Kerguelen travelled over in the central Indian Ocean.
English sailors apparently named the species for its conspicuous yellow crest; Maccaronism was a term for a particular style in 18th-century England marked by flamboyant or excessive ornamentation.
The two have generally been considered separate species, but the close similarities of their DNA sequences has led some, such as the Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter Boles, to treat the royal as a subspecies of the macaroni.
The two species are very similar in appearance; the royal penguin has a white face instead of the usually black face of the macaroni.
An adult bird has an average length of around ; the weight varies markedly depending on time of year and sex.
The most striking feature is the yellow crest that arises from a patch on the centre of the forehead, and extends horizontally backwards to the nape.
The flippers are blue-black on the upper surface with a white trailing edge, and mainly white underneath with a black tip and leading edge.
The iris is red and a patch of pinkish bare skin is found from the base of the bill to the eye.
Males also bear relatively larger bills, which average around compared to in females; this feature has been used to tell the sexes apart.
Immature birds are distinguished by their smaller size, smaller, duller-brown bill, dark grey chin and throat, and absent or underdeveloped head plumes, often just a scattering of yellow feathers.
They spend around two weeks accumulating fat before moulting because they do not feed during the moult, as they cannot enter the water to forage for food without feathers.
Overall survival rates are poorly known; the successful return of breeding adults at South Georgia Island varied between 49% and 78% over three years, and around 10% of those that did return did not breed the following year.
A 1993 review estimated that the macaroni was the most abundant species of penguin, with a minimum of 11,841,600 pairs worldwide.
Macaroni penguins range from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula; at least 216 breeding colonies at 50 sites have been recorded.
In South America, macaroni penguins are found in southern Chile, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and South Orkney Islands.
They also occupy much of Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, including the northern South Shetland Islands, Bouvet Island, the Prince Edward and Marion islands, the Crozet Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Heard and McDonald Islands.
While foraging for food, groups will range north to the islands off Australia, New Zealand, southern Brazil, Tristan da Cunha, and South Africa.
The population of macaroni penguins is estimated at around 18 million mature individuals; a substantial decline has been recorded in several locations.
This includes a 50% reduction in the South Georgia population between the mid-1970s to mid-1990s, and the disappearance of the species from Isla Recalada in Southern Chile.
This decline of the overall population in the last 30 years has resulted in the classification of the species as globally Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Long-term monitoring programs are underway at a number of breeding colonies, and many of the islands that support breeding populations of this penguin are protected reserves.
A 2008 study suggests the abilities of female penguins to reproduce may be negatively affected by climate- and fishing-induced reductions in krill density.
Like most other penguin species, the macaroni penguin is a social animal in its nesting and its foraging behaviour; its breeding colonies are among the largest and most densely populated.
Fitted with geolocation sensors, the 12 penguins studied travelled over during the six- to seven-month study period and spent their time largely within a zone 47–49°S and 70–110°E in the central Indian Ocean, not coming ashore once.
Living in colonies results in a high level of social interaction between birds, which has led to a large repertoire of visual, as well as vocal, displays.
Agonistic displays are those which are intended to confront or drive off or, alternatively, appease and avoid conflict with other individuals.
Macaroni penguins, particularly those on adjacent nests, may engage in 'bill-jousting'; birds lock bills and wrestle, each trying to unseat the other, as well as batter with flippers and peck or strike its opponent's nape.
Submissive displays include the 'slender walk', where birds move through the colony with feathers flattened, flippers moved to the front of the body, and head and neck hunched, and general hunching of head and neck when incubating or standing at the nest.
Macaroni colonies suffer comparatively low rates of predation if undisturbed; predators generally only take eggs and chicks that have been left unattended or abandoned.
Female macaroni penguins can begin breeding at around five years of age, while the males do not normally breed until at least six years old.
The surplus of male penguins allows the female penguins to select more experienced male partners as soon as the females are physically able to breed.
Commencing a few days after females arrive at the colony, sexual displays are used by males to attract partners and advertise their territory, and by pairs once together at the nest site and at changeover of incubation shifts.
In the 'ecstatic display', a penguin bows forward, making loud throbbing sounds, and then extends its head and neck up until its neck and beak are vertical.
The nest itself is a shallow scrape in the ground which may be lined with some pebbles, stones, or grass, or nestled in a clump of tussock grass (on South Georgia Island).
Nests are densely packed, ranging from around 66 cm apart in the middle of a colony to 86 cm at the edges.
The two eggs together weigh 4.8% of the mother's body weight; the composition of an egg is 20% yolk, 66% albumen, and 14% shell.
Like those of other penguin species, the shell is relatively thick to minimise risk of breakage, and the yolk is large, which is associated with chicks born in an advanced stage of development.
The fate of the first egg is mostly unknown, but studies on the related royal penguin and erect-crested penguin show the female tips the egg out when the larger second egg is laid.
The task of incubating the egg is divided into three roughly equal sessions of around 12 days each over a five-week period.
The first session is shared by both parents, followed by the male returning to sea, leaving the female alone to tend the egg.
Both sexes fast for a considerable period during breeding; the male fasts for 37 days after arrival until he returns to sea for around 10 days before fasting while incubating eggs and young for another 36 days, and the female fasts for 42 days from her arrival after the male until late in the incubation period.
For about 23 to 25 days, the male protects its offspring and helps to keep it warm, since only a few of its feathers have grown in by this time.
Once their adult feathers have grown in at about 60 to 70 days, they are ready to go out to sea on their own.
The diet of the macaroni penguin consists of a variety of crustaceans, squid and fish; the proportions that each makes up vary with locality and season.
Like several other penguin species, the macaroni penguin sometimes deliberately swallows small (10– to 30-mm-diameter) stones; this behaviour has been speculated to aid in providing ballast for deep-sea diving, or to help grind food, especially the exoskeletons of crustaceans which are a significant part of its diet.
Overnight trips are sometimes made, especially as the chicks grow older; a 2008 study that used surgically implanted data loggers to track the movement of the birds showed the foraging trips become longer once the chick-rearing period is over.
Macaroni penguins are known to be the largest single consumer of marine resources among all of the seabirds, with an estimated take of 9.2 million tonnes of krill a year.
Outside the breeding season, macaroni penguins tend to dive deeper, longer, and more efficiently during their winter migration than during the summer breeding season.
Year round, foraging dives usually occur during daylight hours, but winter dives are more constrained by daylight due to the shorter days.
Foraging distance from colonies has been measured at around at South Georgia, offshore over the continental shelf, and anywhere from at Marion Island.
All dives are V-shaped, and no time is spent at the sea bottom; about half the time on a foraging trip is spent diving.
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an object that imposes some form of spatially varying modulation on a beam of light.
However, it is also possible to produce devices that modulate the phase of the beam or both the intensity and the phase simultaneously.
SLMs are used extensively in holographic data storage setups to encode information into a laser beam in exactly the same way as a transparency does for an overhead projector.
As its name implies, the image on an electrically addressed spatial light modulator is created and changed electronically, as in most electronic displays.
Unlike ordinary displays, they are usually much smaller (having an active area of about 2 cm²) as they are not normally meant to be viewed directly.
An example of an EASLM is the Digital Micromirror Device at the heart of DLP displays or LCoS Displays using ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCoS) or nematic liquid crystals (Electrically Controlled Birefringence effect).
The image on an optically addressed spatial light modulator, also known as a light valve, is created and changed by shining light encoded with an image on its front or back surface.
In a process called active tiling, images displayed on an EASLM are sequentially transferred to different parts on an OASLM, before the whole image on the OASLM is presented to the viewer.
As EASLMs can run as fast as 2500 frames per second, it is possible to tile around 100 copies of the image on the EASLM onto an OASLM while still displaying full-motion video on the OASLM.
Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS) is a technique based on the computer-controlled phase scan of a linear-array spatial light modulator.
Through the phase scan to an ultrashort pulse, MIIPS can not only characterize but also manipulate the ultrashort pulse to get the needed pulse shape at target spot (such as transform-limited pulse for optimized peak power, and other specific pulse shapes).
Given the fondness of the Catalans for music, it may not be surprising to hear that Andorra has a Chamber Orchestra directed by the violinist Gérard Claret; and that it also stages an international singing contest supported by the Spanish singer Montserrat Caballé.
The most important causes are hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC), a genetic disorder, and transfusional iron overload, which can result from repeated blood transfusions.
Diabetes in people with iron overload occurs as a result of selective iron deposition in islet beta cells in the pancreas leading to functional failure and cell death.
), English, and Scandinavian origin have a particularly high incidence, with about 10% being carriers of the principal genetic variant, the C282Y mutation on the HFE gene, and 1% having the condition.
Although it was known most of the 20th century that most cases of haemochromatosis were inherited, they were incorrectly assumed to depend on a single gene.
However, the major problem with using it as an indicator of iron overload is that it can be elevated in a variety of other medical conditions including infection, inflammation, fever, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer.
In premenopausal females, normal range of serum ferritin is between 12 and 150 or 200 ng/mL (330 or 440 pmol/L) .
If the person is showing the symptoms, they may need to be tested more than once throughout their lives as a precaution, most commonly in women after menopause.
Positive HFE analysis confirms the clinical diagnosis of haemochromatosis in asymptomatic individuals with blood tests showing increased iron stores, or for predictive testing of individuals with a family history of haemochromatosis.
The alleles evaluated by HFE gene analysis are evident in ~80% of patients with haemochromatosis; a negative report for HFE gene does not rule out haemochromatosis.
First degree relatives of those with primary haemochromatosis should be screened to determine if they are a carrier or if they could develop the disease.
Liver biopsy is the removal of small sample in order to be studied and can determine the cause of inflammation or cirrhosis.
In someone with negative HFE gene testing, elevated iron status for no other obvious reason, and family history of liver disease, additional evaluation of liver iron concentration is indicated.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a noninvasive way to accurately estimate iron deposition levels in the liver as well as heart, joints, and pituitary gland.
When first diagnosed, the phlebotomies may be performed every week or fortnight, until iron levels can be brought to within normal range.
Once the serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are within the normal range, treatments may be scheduled every two to three months depending upon the rate of reabsorption of iron.
Non-heme iron is not as easily absorbed in the human system and is found in plant-based foods like grains, beans, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds.
Two newer iron-chelating drugs that are licensed for use in patients receiving regular blood transfusions to treat thalassaemia (and, thus, who develop iron overload as a result) are deferasirox and deferiprone.
In general, provided there has been no liver damage, patients should expect a normal life expectancy if adequately treated by venesection.
If the serum ferritin is greater than 1000 ug/L at diagnosis there is a risk of liver damage and cirrhosis which may eventually shorten their life.
It is most common in certain European populations (such as the Irish and Norwegians) and occurs in 0.6% of some unspecified population.
Starting during the Mesolithic era, communities of people lived in an environment that was fairly sunny, warm and had the dry climates of the Middle East.
Some communities of foragers migrated north, leading to changes in lifestyle and environment, with a decrease in temperatures and a change in the landscape which the foragers then needed to adapt to.
As people began to develop and advance their tools, they learned new ways of producing food, and farming also slowly developed.
In the chilly and damp environments of Northern Europe, supplementary iron from food was necessary to keep temperatures regulated, however, without sufficient iron intake the human body would have started to store iron at higher rates than normal.
In theory, the pressures caused by migrating north would have selected for a gene mutation that promoted greater absorption and storage of iron.
Cluster locations and mapped patterns of this mutation correlate closely to the locations of Viking settlements in Europe established c.700 AD to c.1100 AD.
Genetic studies suggest that the extremely high frequency patterns in some European countries are the result of migrations of Vikings and later Normans, indicating a genetic link between hereditary hemochromatosis and Viking ancestry.
In 1865, Armand Trousseau (a French internist) was one of the first to describe many of the symptoms of a diabetic patient with cirrhosis of the liver and bronzed skin color.
The term hemochromatosis was first used by German pathologist Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen in 1890 when he described an accumulation of iron in body tissues.
Sheldon, a British physician, described the link to iron metabolism for the first time as well as demonstrating its hereditary nature.
Felder found that the HFE gene has two main mutations, C282Y and H63D, which were the main cause of hereditary hemochromatosis.
The next year the CDC and the National Human Genome Research Institute sponsored an examination of hemochromatosis following the discovery of the HFE gene, which helped lead to the population screenings and estimates that are still being used today.
Currently, haemochromatosis (without further specification) is mostly defined as iron overload with a hereditary or primary cause, or originating from a metabolic disorder.
Hereditary haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder with estimated prevalence in the population of 1 in 200 among patients with European ancestry, with lower incidence in other ethnic groups.
The gene responsible for hereditary haemochromatosis (known as HFE gene) is located on chromosome 6; the majority of hereditary haemochromatosis patients have mutations in this HFE gene.
Because of the severe sequelae of this disorder if left untreated, and recognizing that treatment is relatively simple, early diagnosis before symptoms or signs appear is important.
The star and crescent design later became a common element in the national flags of Ottoman successor states in the 20th century.
The current flag of Turkey is essentially the same as the late Ottoman flag, but has more specific legal standardizations (regarding its measures, geometric proportions, and exact tone of red) that were introduced with the Turkish Flag Law on May 29, 1936.
The Spanish Navy Museum in Madrid shows two Ottoman naval flags dated 1613; both are swallow-tailed, one green with a white crescent near the hoist, the other white with two red stripes near the edges of the flag and a red crescent near the hoist.
Ottoman flags were originally commonly green, but the flag was defined as red by decree in 1793 and an eight-pointed star was added.
With the Tanzimat reforms in the 19th century, flags were redesigned in the style of the European armies of the day.
The flag of the Ottoman Navy was made red, as red was to be the flag of secular institutions and green of religious ones.
As the reforms abolished all the various flags (standards) of the Ottoman pashaliks, beyliks and emirates, a single new Ottoman national flag was designed to replace them.
The result was the red flag with the white crescent moon and star, which is the precursor to the modern flag of Turkey.
After the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the new Turkish state maintained the last flag of the Ottoman Empire.
It has been suggested that the star-and-crescent used in Ottoman flags of the 19th century had been adopted from the Byzantines.
Franz Babinger (1992) suggests this possibility, noting that the crescent alone has a much older tradition also with Turkic tribes in the interior of Asia.
The crescent and star is found on the coinage of Byzantium since the 4th century BC and was depicted on Byzantine Empire's coins and shields of Christian warrior saints till the 13th century.
Parsons (2007) notes that the star and crescent was not a widespread motive on the coinage of Byzantium at the time of the Ottoman conquest.
The standard used by the last Caliph, Abdülmecid II (between 19 November 1922 – 3 March 1924) consisted of a green flag with a star and crescent in white on a red oval background within a rayed ornament, all in white.
This is a list of supermarket companies in the United States of America and the names of supermarkets which are owned or franchised by these companies.
Other characteristics of this gecko include a thin prehensile tail which will regenerate if it drops off, as well as small toe pads.
Although these geckos have the ability to grip vines, branches, and other obstacles, most do not have the ability to climb sheer surfaces, such as glass.
As small as one inch long (from snout to vent) and weighing 3 grams at hatching, it reaches an average length of 7 to 9 inches and 60 to 70 grams in weight.
They occur in many colors, including varying shades of greys, browns, white, yellow, orange, and red, with varying patterns of blotches and striping.
In captivity, it is fairly easy to hand tame these geckos, because they adapt to a human touching them, and know food comes when one is around sometimes.
They can propel themselves almost three times their body length to reach a vine or tree branch, yet their feet do not have as much traction as other gecko's feet do, so they slip every now and then, making them seem clumsy.
Moving about is no problem to them, as long as their skin is kept moist, it will stretch and accommodate their movements.
Gecko food can be purchased from companies that specialize in it, such as Repashy or Pangea; these foods have the correct nutritional balance of vitamins and minerals, which is not found in basic fruit purees.
As treats, these geckos Sometimes(Depends on the individual lizard) accept live foods such as crickets, feeder roaches, and waxworms, which should be gut loaded, or dusted with vitamins and calcium as extra precautions.
Gargoyle gecko males are always housed separately or as a part of a breeding pair or trio with females, as males housed together will always fight.
While the tank should be misted in the morning and at night it should dry out to no less than 50% humidity during the day.
A lie-to-children (plural lies-to-children) is a simplified explanation of technical or complex subjects as a teaching method for children and laypeople.
Within the work, the authors were critical of use of lie-to-children as an educational methodology which had an unfortunate side-effect of reducing complex science concepts to overly simplified explanations.
Stewart was asked in a 2015 interview about his views on Pratchett beyond the influence of lie-to-children, and the author's take on the understanding of science.
High school teachers and university instructors often explain at the outset that the model they are about to present is incomplete.
An example of this is given by Gerald Sussman during the 1986 video recording of the Abelson-Sussman Lectures (lecture 1-b):If we're going to understand processes and how we control them, then we have to have a mapping from the mechanisms of this procedure into the way in which these processes behave.
What we're going to have is a formal, or semi-formal, mechanical model whereby you understand how a machine could, in fact, in principle, do this.
In fact, this is an engineering model, in the same way that, [for an] electrical resistor, we write down a model V = IR — it's approximately true, but it's not really true; if I put enough current through the resistor, it goes boom, so the voltage is not always proportional to the current, but for some purposes the model is appropriate.
In particular, the model we're going to describe right now, which I call the substitution model, is the simplest model that we have for understanding how procedures work and how processes work — how procedures yield processes.
And that substitution model will be accurate for most of the things we'll be dealing with in the next few days.
But eventually, it will become impossible to sustain the illusion that that's the way the machine works, and we'll go to other, more specific and particular models that will show more detail.
Jeffrey and Robert M. Corless of the Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra at the University of Western Ontario wrote in their 2001 computer science paper on linear algebra instruction on the teaching concept.
Mishra gave as an example parents who engage in mythology by lying to their children and telling them they were brought by a stork to the house, instead of explaining childbirth.
Writing in 2011 for the Carleton College website, geophysicist Kim Kastens in a column with her daughter at first found the notion of lie-to-children as surprising.
Kastens delved further into the issue, and identified specific instances where a lie-to-children teaching technique would do more harm than good for students.
Walsh and Currie concluded that mythmaking within education in order to teach a more complex concept is a form of unwarranted behavior with detrimental impact upon instruction methodology.
The World Data Centre (WDC) system was created to archive and distribute data collected from the observational programmes of the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year by the International Council of Science (ICSU).
Originally established in the United States, Europe, Soviet Union, and Japan, the WDC system expanded to other countries and to new scientific disciplines.
At the end of 2008, following the ICSU General Assembly in Maputo (Mozambique), the World Data Centres were reformed and a new ICSU World Data System (WDS) established in 2009 building on the 50-year legacy of the ICSU World Data Centre system (WDC) and the ICSU Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical data-analysis Services.
Probably Proculus had family connection with the Franks, to whom he turned in vain when his bid for imperial power was failing.
Proculus was an ambitious soldier, who had commanded more than one legion as tribune; when in 280 he was asked by the people of Lugdunum (Lyon) who had started a rebellion against Emperor Probus to take the purple, he accepted, proclaiming himself joint emperor with Bonosus.
In computer science, metalinguistic abstraction is the process of solving complex problems by creating a new language or vocabulary to better understand the problem space.
C) programmer would create data structures to represent the elements of an airport and procedures or routines to operate on those data structures.
A metalinguistic programmer would abstract the problem by creating new, embedded domain specific languages for modelling an airport, with peculiar primitives and types for doing so naturalistically.
Because the creation of functional metalinguistic abstractions in non-functional languages can be cumbersome while the reverse is usually trivial, and also because of the syntactic flexibility and referential safety of functional macros, metalinguistic programming is mostly idiomatic of functional programming languages.
The goal of this article is to present a complete bibliography of the books written or edited by Isaac Asimov, arranged alphabetically.
Since Asimov is one of the most prolific authors of all time, and since he engaged in many collaborations with other authors, this is a substantial research project.
This is a global list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the planet, to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and to support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.
The 2017 event was two 2-day VegFest Pilipinas events at two different locations: from 18–19 November 2017 in Eastwood City, with 'Hair,' Pilita in concert, and VegFest Pilipinas in Chinatown the following weekend, 25–26 November 2017.
The 2018 event again will be two 2-day VegFest Pilipinas events at two different locations: held one weekend from 8 am to 10 pm, 18–19 November 2018, at the BGC Arts Center in the Eastwood Central Plaza Shopping Mall, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines; then again, the following weekend, 25–26 November 2017, in Lucky Chinatown, Binondo, Metro Manila, Philippines.
This vegetarian festival is a nine-day period in October that celebrates the abstinence from meat during the ninth lunar month of the Chinese calendar.
The Vegan Life Festival (veganlife.gr) is a celebration in several Greek cities that presents vegan lifestyles, products, and practices through speeches, workshops, brochures, stalls with companies that provide vegan products, activities for children, and vegan food and sweets.
Organizers claim an attendance of greater than 18,000 visitors at the 2018 Athens event, held at the Technopolis of the Municipality.
The following music festivals have made a conscious decision not to sell any meat on the festival terrain: Digital Festival (DGTL) in Amsterdam (since 2016), Lente Kabinet in Oostzaan (since 2018), Festival Milkshake in Amsterdam (since 2018), and Psy-Fi in Leeuwarden (starting from 2019).
Organisers indicated their motives were sustainability and environmental protection; aside from dropping meat sales, they also focused on reducing the use of disposable products and electricity.
Veganário Fest Lisbon (www.veganario.org) has been organized since 2008 by a group of friends in punk/hardcore community with help of local HareKrishna Community.
It gathers a lot of organizations and small businesses and important people in the vegan community to talk about and spread veganism.
It is growing: Approximately 300/600px until 2014, more than 1500 in 2015, over 2000 in 2016, and more than 3500 in 2017.
Standard advance day tickets are £11.00 (adults), £6.00 (concessions) [including booking fees] and £5.50 (children) but was actually held from October 27–28, 2018, at Olympia London.
The announcement was made in September 2018, citing higher than expected costs and broad availability of good quality vegan food in Bristol, that VegFestUK organizers would not schedule another event in Bristol for 2019 or 2020. but that VegFestUK would continue to hold annual events elsewhere.
Newcastle Vegan Festival took place on Sunday 1 July 2018 from 10:30 AM – 4:30 PM UTC+01 in Newcastle upon Tyne.
The Vegetarian Food Festival in Toronto attracted over 50,000 attendees in 2014 and featured more than 120 food and product vendors.
It is a free public festival held at Harbourfront Centre by the Toronto Vegetarian Association in Toronto the second weekend of every September.
It was first held in 1985 and is believed to be the largest and longest continuously running vegetarian food festival in North America, and is credited with having inspired the broad vegetarian food festival movement in the United States, which was first copied by the long-running Boston Vegetarian Food Festival.
The Toronto Vegan Food and Drink Festival, a fully vegan food and drink festival in the city, strives to present an all vegan experience featuring comfort food, craft brews, wine and spirits.
The Toronto Vegan Expo (formerly known as Vegan Spring Expo) was a free annual vegan festival that took place in Toronto from 2011 to 2013 and had an attendee record of 1500 in 2012.
Over 60 vendors were in attendance to showcase the GTHA's finest veg-based food, drink, clothing & accessories, products, advocate groups and children's activities.
Vegan Fest México was held from November 12–13, Jalisco in 2016, at Parque Agroecologico Zapopan, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, and is scheduled again for future years.
The oldest continuously-held vegetarian food festival seems to be that in Boston (May 1996), organized by the Boston Vegetarian Society and originally copied from the event which the Toronto Vegetarian Society has been managing since 1985.
The Phoenix (PHX) Vegan Food and Beer Fest was held on February 24, 2018. in Margaret T. Hance Park, 1202 N. 3rd Street, in Phoenix, AZ.
The Third Annual VegFest Tucson is scheduled for Sunday, November 11, 2018, from 10am-5pmm at The Whistle Stop Depot, 127 W. 5th Street, in Tucson, Arizona.
The annual Berkeley Vegan Earth Day is organized by Compassionate Living and longtime activist Hope Bohanec and was held on Sunday, April 22, 2018 – Earth Day – at the David Brower Center in Berkeley, California.
VegFest L.A. (formerly WorldFest, a very popular event) was held on May 6, 2018, at 6004–6076 Woodley Avenue in Encino, California, a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles.
The first WorldFest was in 2000 at the same site, and was modeled after the San Diego FallFest held in 1999 in Ocean Beach.
The second annual Long Beach Vegan Food & Music Festival was scheduled for July 8, 2017, and the third annual event is being scheduled for mid-July 2018, from 11 am to 7 pm, at Rainbow Lagoon Park, 400 Shoreline Village Drive, in Long Beach, California.
The Seed Food and Wine LA & Food Festival was held from May 23–27, 2018, in Los Angeles, but some scheduling uncertainties remain.
California Vegetarian Food Festival 2018 is scheduled for September 29, 2018, at Raleigh Studios Hollywood, 5300 Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles, California.
U.S. Veg Corp, organizer of this festival, is also organizing the NYC Vegetarian Food Festival 2018, to be held Saturday, May 19, 2018, beginning at 11:00 AM, at Metropolitan Pavilion, New York City, where tickets are $30 – $75 each.
The 2018 event was held from May 12–20, ending with the Oakland VegFest, which was held for May 20, 2018, from 11 am to 5 pm, at the Lake Merritt Amphitheater.
The Eat Drink Vegan (Formerly Known as Vegan Beer & Food Festival) was held on May 26, 2018, on Memorial Day Weekend, in The Rose Bowl in Pasadena.
The Festival features unlimited pours of the region's best craft beer, wine, ciders, kombucha, cold brew, craft sodas, and tea tastings at the Rose Bowl and Brookside Golf Course... and involves 100+ exhibitors who are restaurants, food carts, trucks, and other vendors.
The Central Coast Veg Fest was held in San Luis Obispo, CA on February 17, 2018, at San Luis Obispo Veteran's Hall at 801 Grand Avenue.
The 2017 event largely featured vegan food leaders (vegan chefs, vegan cookbook authors, vegan food bloggers) and reported attracted about 4000 attendees each day.
The Annual Compassionfest is held outdoors on a mid-July Saturday each summer, from 10 am to 5 pm, at the Whitneyville Cultural Commons, 1253 Whitney Avenue in Hamden, Connecticut.
The 4th Annual Compassionfest was held on Saturday, July 21, 2018, from 10 am to 5 pm, 1253 Whitney Avenue in Hamden, Connecticut.
The Rehoboth VegFest was held on Saturday, June 9, 2018, at the Epworth United Methodist Church on Holland Glade Road in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware.
The event features compassionate vegan speakers, compassionate causes, musical performances, craft and product vendors, vegan food vendors, other topical exhibitors, and workshops and demos.
The 13th Annual Central Florida Earth Day, organized by Vegetarians of Central Florida, was held on Earth Day – Sunday, April 22, 2018 – in Lake Eola Park, 512 East Washington Street, in Orlando, Florida.
The Solutionary Peace Walk & Festival is scheduled to be presented by Solutionary Events around Lake Eola Park (512 E. Washington Street) in Orlando, Florida and to occur in June 2018.
The Sarasota Veg Fest was held on May 5, 2018, from 10 am to 5 pm, at the Sarasota Fairgrounds, 10:00 am – 5:00 pm, 3000 Ringling Blvd, in Sarasota, Florida.
Atlanta Veg Fest is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization whose mission is to support their local community and to promote the recognized benefits of a plant-based vegan lifestyle, often motivated by compassion for animals, humans, and the ecosystem.
Veggie Fest in Lisle, Illinois (a Chicago suburb) is one of the largest vegetarian food and lifestyle festivals in North America and has been held annually since 2005, celebrating its 10th anniversary in 2015.
Chicago – Vegandale Food Drink Festival (formerly Chicago Vegan Food and Drink Fest) is held annually in Grant Park, Butler Field, 100 South Lake Shore Drive, in Chicago.
Celebrate Vegan Fest: Chicago is planned for 2020; this was previously Chicago Veganmania, which outgrew its previous location at the Chicago Armory.
The Indy VegFest, an all vegan event, started on Saturday, March 31, 2018, from 12 noon to 6 pm, at the Biltwell Event Center in Indianapolis, Indiana.
The Michiana VegFest was held March 25, 2018, in Corbett Family Hall and in the Downes Ballroom of the University of Notre Dame.
In 2019 the Michiana VegFest moved to April 14 at the Century Center in South Bend, and the 2020 event is also planned for April at the Century Center.
The Des Moines VeganFest was hosted by VegLife Des Moines and held in the Valley Community Center at 4444 Fuller Road in Des Moines, Iowa, from 11 am to 5 pm on Saturday, March 24, 2018, and featured speakers and 42 vendors or tablers.
NOLA VeggieFest is organized by the Humane Society of Louisiana, and had been scheduled for May 13 (11am-6pm) to 14 (12 noon to 6 pm), 2018, at The Kingsley House, 1600 Constance Street, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
However, the organizers decided to not hold the 2018 event and to reorganize the event and offer it next in Spring 2019.
The Maine Animal Coalition's Veg Food Fest was held on Saturday, June 2, 2018, at the East End School, 195 North Street, in Portland, Maine.
The 15th Annual Maine VegFest will be held Sunday, November 3, 2019 11 am to 3 pm Italian Heritage Center, 40 Westland Avenue, Portland, Maine 04102.
Admission and parking are free to all, and special speakers include engineer and self-taught vegan chef and cookbook author, Colin McCollough, who had become very well known for his earlier work in biodiesel; Christen Mailler of Vegan Publishers; and 37-year medical doctor Dr. Timothy R. Howe, whose plant-based vegan medical practice is 25 years old.
The 7th Annual Baltimore VegFest was held in April 2017, and the next event will be in 2019 because complications preventing holding the Spring 2018 event.
The 5th Annual Baltimore Vegan SoulFest will be held on Saturday, August 25, 2018, from 12:00 noon through 7:00PM, at Clifton Park, 2801 Harford Road, in Baltimore, and admission is free and open to the general public.
The Boston Vegetarian Food Festival (BVFF) is held annually in the autumn, at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center in Mission Hill, Boston between mid-October and early November.
Begun first in May 1996, it may be the oldest vegetarian food festival in the United States, having been copied from the Toronto Vegetarian Food Fair.
The annual Valley Vegfest: a celebration of compassionate living, was organized by ValleyVeg and held on April 7, 2018, at the J.F.K.
The New England VegFest (formerly Worcester VegFest) is a free festival that brings the local community together to celebrate vegetarianism at the DCU Center at 50 Foster Street in downtown Worcester, Massachusetts.
V313, Detroit's Vegan Celebration, was held from 3:00 PM through 9:00 PM on March 3, 2018, in Shed 5 of the Eastern Market at 2930 Russell Street @Alfred Stin in Detroit, Michigan.
It was organized and sponsored by the Plant-Based Nutrition Support Group (PBNSG), VegMichigan, and VegSpeedDate, and featured speakers such as Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn of Cleveland Clinic, Dr. Joel Kahn, Dr. Milton Mills of Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, and Dr. Kerrie Saunders (a.k.a.
The 4th Annual Grand Rapids VegFest was held in the DeltaPlex Arena, 2500 Turner Avenue, NW, Grand Rapids, on Sunday, October 7, 2019, from 10:30 am to 5 pm, with free admission.
American retired professional basketball player, actor, talk show host, and vegan activist John Salley spoke at VegMichigan's Michigan Vegfest from 2009–2012.
Twin Cities Veg Fest, organized annually by Compassionate Action for Animals, presents vegan food and product vendors, food preparation demonstrations, vegan educational speakers, vegan cultural music, art, and informational exhibitors, such as farm sanctuaries, animal advocacy groups, and dietitians, nutritionists, and health educators.
Annual attendance at the indoor September events grew so that, in 2017, the event was moved outside to accommodate anticipated crowd size.
The annual 2018 VegFest Kansas City was organized by Voice for Animals and held June 2018 in The City Market Park, 300 Main Street, in Kansas City, Missouri.
On Saturday, July 13, 2019, the annual Mountain Veg Fest was held outdoors in Colburn Park, 51 North Park Street, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Admission was free to the public park, and donations were announced as funding improved equipment for outdoor presentations to the crowds.
The Sixth Annual New Hampshire VegFest was held Saturday, April 14, 2018, from 9:00am to 3:00pm, at Manchester Community College in Manchester, New Hampshire.
The Atlantic City Vegan Food Festival, organized by New Jersey VegFest, was held on July 14, 2018, from 10am – 5pm at Showboat Atlantic City Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey and the following year for a full summer weekend from Friday, July 12, 2019, through Sunday, July 14, 2019, also at Showboat Atlantic City Hotel on the boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
The 3rd Annual Tri-State Veg Fest Expois scheduled for June 16, 2018, from 12 noon to 6 pm, at The New Jersey Convention and Exposition Center, 97 Sunfield Avenue, in Edison, New Jersey.
The Vegan PopUp Shop is scheduled for Sunday, February 25, from 10 am to 6 pm, at the Laundromat Bar in Morristown, New Jersey.
The New Jersey VegFest 2018 is scheduled for Saturday and Sunday, October 6–7, 2018, from 10 am to 5 pm, at Meadowlands Expo Center in Secaucus, New Jersey.
The fourth (2019) New Mexico Vegan and Red & Green VegFest Albuquerque will be held again at 9 am on August 10, 2019, in the same location as in previous years.
The Seed Experience is scheduled for April 2018, in the Brooklyn Expo Center at 72 Noble Street in the Brooklyn borough of New York, New York.
The New York Vegetarian Vision Festival, which operated for several years during the late 1990s, was organized by NYC-based Vegetarian Vision, a nonprofit organization composed mostly of professional vegetarians from India who were largely devout Jains or Hindus.
They copied their event from the Boston Vegetarian Food Festival (BVFF), which had copied their event from the Toronto Vegetarian Food Fair.
The current NYC Vegetarian Food Festival is organized by U.S. Veg Corp., a nonprofit founded by Sarah Gross Feoli and Nira Paliwoda.
Last year's two-day NYC Vegetarian Food Festival was held on May 19–20, 2018, at The Metropolitan Pavilion, 125 West 18th Street, in New York City.
The 11th annual Veggie Pride Parade was held on April 8, 2018, beginning in Greenwich Village/Union Square in New York City.
This is the first annual Veggie Pride Parade which was not organized by Pamela Rice and VivaVegie, which had started and organized the event for ten years.
The annual Vegan Street Fair New York Nights was held on Saturday, June 9, 2018, at West 8th Street between 5th & 6th, New York City.
Vegan Street Fair Events is a private vegetarian-value company which profitably organizes such events in various locations around the United States.
It is typically held the first Sunday in August, is free to attend, is organized by volunteers, and includes a Tofurky Trot.
The Asheville Vegan Fest is scheduled for June 8–10, 2018, in Pack Square Park at 80 Court Square Park in downtown Asheville, North Carolina.
All three days of events are free to the public, and Sunday's Asheville VeganFest Outdoor Festival runs from 11am to 6pm.
The 7th Annual Charlotte VegFest for 2018 is scheduled for Freedom Hall at the Park Expo and Conference Center, 800 Briar Creek Road, in Charlotte, North Carolina for Saturday, October 13, 2018.
The 6th Annual Charlotte VegFest, the region's largest vegan festival, was held in April 2017 at the Park Expo, from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Wilmington Vegan's First Wilmington Vegfest was held on Saturday, April 14, 2018, at the Coastline Conference Center, 501 Nutt Street, in Wilmington, North Carolina.
Reportedly, this nonprofit event is being organized by the Executive Director from Triangle VegFest, which is sponsored annually by Triangle Vegetarian Society.
The 2018 Cleveland VegFest was held for May 5, 2018, from 11:00 AM – 7:00 PM, at the Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland at 300 Lakeside Ave East.
The 2019 Cleveland VegFest is scheduled for May 18, 2019, again from 11:00 AM – 7:00 PM, at the Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland, and with the same free admission but $5 donation requested.
The first ever Columbus VegFest was held on September 17, 2017, and is expected to be held each August or September.
The Buddha Mind Veggie Fest is organized by Buddha Mind Monastery of Fo Guang Shan, and scheduled for June 2018 at 5800 South Anderson Road in Oklahoma City.
The 4th annual Bethlehem VegFest is again scheduled for July 14, 2018, in the SouthSide Bethlehem Greenway, 316 S New Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Vegan cookbook author and culinary celebrity Chef AJ was admitted to The Vegan Hall of Fame, previously The Vegetarian Hall of Fame, and given the annual award.
The annual 2018 Lancaster VegFest was held on June 2, 2018, from 12 noon to 5 pm, in Buchanan Park in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
After a 2-year hiatus, the annual Philly VegFest, or Philadelphia VegFest, was held on Saturday, June 9, 2018, at Bainbridge Green, 300 Bainbridge Street, in Philadelphia.
The inaugural Pittsburgh VegFest took place in 2015 with an attendance of over 4,000 people from all over the metro area and visitors from Virginia, West Virginia, Erie, Buffalo, Philadelphia and New Jersey.
The Pittsburgh Vegan Festival – Spring Edition – which was begun in 2015, is scheduled for its fourth year sometime in mid-May at the Unitarian Universal Church of North Hills, 2359 West Ingomar Road, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and runs from 12 noon to 8 pm.
All children and others under age 16 must be accompanied by an adult in order to be admitted free, and $5 cash admission is charged for all others, at the door.
The 11th Pittsburgh Vegan Festival was held on Saturday, October 28, 2017 12–6 p.m, and featured Dr. Neal Barnard of Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, among other speakers.
VegFest is a two-day event held in mid-November at the Portland convention center, with the attendance of many vegan vendors and companies.
The annual bilingual Puerto Rico Vegan Fest was held on February 25, 2018, in the Puerto Rico Convention Center in Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
The annual bilingual Puerto Rico Vegan Fest promotes plant-based diets and vegan values as effective, viable, and sustainable working solutions for human health problems and for ethical and ecological crises.
Vive Sano, Vive Mejor Vegan Fest, the Patillas VeganFest, is scheduled for June 4, 2018, from 11 am to 7 pm.
The Charleston Sol-Food Veg Fest was held on Saturday, April 28, 2018, from 10 am to 6 pm, at The Grove at Patriots Point in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
The 2020 VEGANCHILL Fest – ATX 2020 is scheduled for February 23, 2020, and the Texas VegFest 2020 is scheduled for Apr 4, 2020, each in Austin.
The 6th annual 2018 VegFest Houston was held on July 21, 2018, from 10 am to 5 pm, in Stafford Centre Hall in Houston, Texas, where the 2017 event was staged.
The event has been open to the general public and free since its first iteration, but the VIP Pass offers some attractive perks.
HealthFest is an annual free three-day whole foods, plant-based festival that takes place every spring in historic Marshall, Texas, which has been organized annually since 2015.
The 2017 Health Fest was held from March 31 through April 2, 2017 in the Marshall Civic Center, 2501 East End Blvd, in South Marshall, Texas, with 25 scheduled speakers, and was livestreamed.
The 2018 3-day event was organized by Fort Worth Vegetarian Society and held at the same site on Saturday, March 31, 2018.
Vegan Action and the longstanding Vegetarian Society of Richmond are primary organizers, and major cosponsors include VegFund, FOX Richmond TV, YELP Richmond, several publications, Virginia Family Dentistry with 14-locations practice with 57 general dentists and dental specialists, and a local Indian restaurant.
The Seattle VegFest was held on April 7–8, 2018, in Seattle, Washington, at the Exhibition Hall at Seattle Center which had been built for the 1962 Seattle World's Fair just north of Belltown in the Uptown neighborhood.
Mad City Vegan Fest is organized by Alliance for Animals and held in the summer every year in Madison, Wisconsin, and runs from 10 am to 5 pm.
The 2017 event was held June 17, 2017, at the Alliant Energy Center, and the 2018 event is envisioned for June 2018 in the same locale.
The Milwaukee Veg Expo was held on Saturday, May 5, 2018, from 11:30 am – 5:30pm, in the Hart Park Muellner Building in Milwaukee.
The inaugural Vegan Festival Adelaide was in 2007 and the annual event has grown in size ever since, from 1000 attendees in 2007 to 17,000 in 2017.
The second VeganFest Tasmania is expected to be held on Sunday, 3 November 2019, from 10 am to 4 pm, in the Kingborough Community Hub.
She had the unfortunate experience of sinking two Allied ships during her wartime service, once though accidental collision and the other by gunfire after a case of mistaken identify.
She entered service without some components of her main armament's fire control system, which were subsequently fitted at the end of that year.
On the outbreak of war, she operated off the Scandinavian coast, and in November was off the coast of Norway with two destroyers in the hope of intercepting the German passenger ship which had sailed from Murmansk.
On 9 April 1940, she was attacked off Bergen by Junkers Ju 88 and Heinkel He 111 aircraft and damaged by two near misses.
Both bombs of fell about from the ship's side, one bursting on impact abreast station 70 and the other under water further forward.
A large proportion of the bomb which burst on impact entered the ship above the lower deck level, holing an area of approximately with about 60 scattered splinters entering the ship's side in all.
The ship's movement allowed a considerable quantity of water to enter the hull causing the messdecks between stations 53 – 74 to be flooded by of water.
Some minor underwater damage and a small amount of flooding occurred further forward, probably as a result of the other bomb.
After returning to Scapa Flow on 10 April for temporary repairs and transfer of the dead and wounded the ship returned to sea 22 hours later.
On 29 April, she evacuated King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav of Norway, Nygaardsvold's Cabinet and part of the Norwegian gold reserves when they fled from Molde to Tromsø, escaping the advancing German forces.
She then departed to the United Kingdom on 1 May, carrying among others the Minister of Foreign Affairs Halvdan Koht and the Minister of Defence Birger Ljungberg.
She was able to return to Alexandria, where as the shipyard did not have the resources and capability to make a full repair, she was repaired to a level that allowed her to return to secondary duties.
As well as repairing the damage from her 1940 torpedo attack additional 20 mm Oerlikon cannons were added to improve her close range anti-aircraft capability.
As well it was decided to improve her radar suite by replacing her existing type 286M radar with the new type 271, while a type 284 fire-control radar to control her main armament, type 285 and 282 aircraft warning fire-control and type 281 aircraft warning radars were installed.
Following the completion of her shipyard work she returned to the UK in August to complete work on her radar installations at Portsmouth before joining the 10th Cruiser Squadron at Scapa Flow, on 3 September where she was assigned to the covering forces of the Arctic convoys.
Between August and September she entered the HM Dockyard at Devonport where her aircraft facilities were removed and additional 20 mm weapons were installed in order to improve her air defences.
On 26 October she took to sea the First Sea Lord, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham to undertake the interment of the ashes of Admiral Sir Dudley Pound and his late wife in the Solent, off Nab Tower.
Along with the battleships and , the French cruisers and , nine US destroyers and three s, she made up the Gunfire Bombardment Support Force C for Omaha Beach.
On 25–26 June, in support of the attack by the 7th US Corps on Cherbourg, she shelled the German batteries near Querqueville.
Entering a shipyard on the River Tyne on 3 July 1944 her aft 6-inch turret ('X') was removed to compensate for the additional weight of adding the more powerful anti-aircraft armament needed to counter the threat of kamikaze attacks.
New radar systems were fitted including a single aerial air warning Type 281B (which replaced an earlier twin mast Type 281), a surface warning Type 293 (which replaced the existing Type 273), while the main armament's Type 284 gunnery radar was replaced by a Type 274.
She was also fitted with a US made YE homing beacon to help her undertake the high risk role of a radar picket.
Following a refit she was re-commissioned in September 1948 and deployed to the America and West Indies Station, where she was the flagship.
She was then refitted at Chatham in 1951 before becoming in 1952 the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet based at Malta under Admiral the Earl Mountbatten of Burma.
Following conclusion of the Suez Crisis it was decided that she was surplus to requirements and so she was paid off in November 1956 and she was placed on the disposal list in March 1958.
Departing Portsmouth on 4 July she arrived under tow on 8 July at Hughes Bolckow's yard in Blyth for breaking up.
At the age of eighteen, after leaving school, he opted to join the German Army rather than choose an academic career, and joined the army's cavalry arm in 1913.
The effectiveness of his units proved decisive at certain points in the French Campaign, particularly covering the German thrust to the English Channel.
Despite offering vital tactical and operational support to Army Group South, he was moved to the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations, where he commanded Luftwaffe forces in the Italian Campaign.
Soon after the capitulation of Germany in May 1945, he was taken prisoner by the United States Army, but on 12 July he died in captivity of a brain tumour.
Richthofen is not considered a war criminal for his command of air forces, but he knew of the German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war, and was marginally involved in disseminating orders pertaining to their treatment—though the Luftwaffe in general had only partial responsibility for them.
Richthofen was a de facto war criminal, as virtually all other senior commanders on the Eastern Front were guilty of violating the Geneva Conventions in the handling of civilians and prisoners of war, whose abuse Richthofen condoned.
His father, Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen (1856–1922), and mother, Therese Gotz von Olenhusen (1862–1948) were of the Silesian nobility, and the family had been ennobled 350 years before Wolfram's birth.
The family's noble status dated back to the 1500s, and by the 1700s the Richthofens owned 16 estates in Lower Silesia.
When Frederick the Great annexed Silesia in 1740, he personally granted the title of Baron (Freiherr) to one of Richthofen's direct ancestors.
Some years before, Wolfram's uncle General of Cavalry Manfred von Richthofen, his father's brother, had asked him to inherit his estate to keep it in the family, as he himself had no children.
Unlike most Prussian nobles Wolfram von Richthofen went to the local Gymnasium (academic high school) and did not have private tutors at home.
His grades in mathematics and German language were good, but he did not excel at foreign languages (in which he scored average to poor results).
He became good friends with his cousins, Lothar and Manfred von Richthofen, and he hunted game at the estate with them regularly.
By the end of his teens, he had become an established hunter and horse rider – interests which remained with him for the rest of his life.
He enjoyed being outdoors and, while still at school, opted to apply for a commission in the German Army (rather than choose an academic career).
The Cavalry was the most prestigious arm, and he applied to join the 4th Hussars which belonged to the 12th Cavalry Brigade of the Sixth Army Corps in Breslau.
On 18 September 1920, he married Jutta von Selchow (March 1896 – 1991) at a Lutheran church in Breslau (now the city of Wrocław in Poland).
The Hussars of the 12th Cavalry Brigade were attached to the 5th Cavalry Division, which was part of the First Cavalry Corps.
It formed part of the German Third Army which carried out the attack on France and Belgium in August 1914 as part of the long-prepared Schlieffen Plan.
Richthofen crossed the Meuse river at Dinant, and his unit was involved in heavy action against the French VIII Cavalry Corps.
The 5th Cavalry continued its drive into France after the Battle of the Frontiers, but was stopped at the First Battle of the Marne in September.
The new combat environment of trench warfare greatly lessened the effectiveness of cavalry, so Richthofen's division was transferred to the Eastern Front, arriving in Poland in November.
It saw little fighting, as the German army did not use cavalry frequently, and the division was kept mainly in reserve.
Richthofen's brigade served near Pinsk in 1916, and the division would spend late 1915 to January 1917 on defensive duties in the Pripet Marshes.
Richthofen was given command of the horse depot of the Brigade in the autumn of 1916 and was promoted to Squadron Commander, with 160 men under his command.
Before he joined the Air Service, Richthofen was given leave in Germany until he reported to the 14th Flying Replacement Regiment based at Halle, one of several large flight schools.
At this point in the war, German training was more thorough and longer than that of the British Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and at least equal to that of the French Air Force and the United States Army Air Service (USAAS).
His training lasted three months, and he was assigned to the 11th Flying Replacement Battalion for advanced training in March 1918.
On seeing his cousin being attacked, Manfred flew to his rescue and fired on May, causing him to pull away and saving Wolfram's life.
Wolfram continued flying and went on to claim eight aerial victories before the armistice ended the war on 11 November 1918.
In 1933 Richthofen joined the Luftwaffe, which was commanded by his former commanding officer at JG 1, in 1918, Hermann Göring.
Although Richthofen had known Göring, having served under him in the First World War in JG 1, the two did not get along.
They both came from aristocratic backgrounds, but Richthofen was a Silesian from Lower Silesia, a driven commander, and a good and hard working staff officer who enjoyed the company of engineers and like-minded men, while Göring was a Bavarian and a playboy who enjoyed talking about the First World War and his time as an ace and particularly enjoyed the trappings of power.
He was involved in the development of types such as the Dornier Do 23, Heinkel He 111 and Junkers Ju 86.
The need for modern and fast bombers was to meet the future vision of air warfare for bombers that were faster than fighter aircraft.
Even so, Göring was still interested in the heavy bomber program, which would give the Luftwaffe a firm strategic bombing capability.
Richthofen was dubious about the employment of heavy bombers, and wanted the projects developing types like the Dornier Do 19 cancelled.
Unfortunately for Richthofen, for the time being, the Luftwaffes first Chief of the General Staff, Walter Wever, did believe in the heavy bomber program.
At the time, Göring and Wever also required a long-range fighter escort design for protecting the bombers over Britain and the Soviet Union, Germany's expected enemies.
Richthofen joined Wever in moderating some of the design requests of Göring, who insisted on a fast, fighter, bomber, ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft rolled into one design.
However, Richthofen used his position to split the specification into separate designs on 22 January 1935, viewing the request as impossible.
Wever was killed in an air accident in June 1936, and the emphasis shifted back to more economical (in manpower and material terms) medium bombers.
Udet sought out a design that could dog fight, dive bomb and carry out level bombing, much like Göring had requested.
This was at odds with Richthofen's fundamental desire for aircraft that were easy to mass-produce and designed for, and to excel at, specialised tasks.
By the autumn, 1936, Richthofen decided he had had enough of working with Udet, whose ideas he thought were totally wrong.
Wolfram retained his position as Head of Development, but he was now tasked with the evaluation of aircraft under operational conditions.
Richthofen's experiences were to serve the Luftwaffe well in the long-term and he was leading proponent of army support aviation at this time.
Rapid fire 20 mm calibres and 88 mm weapons were first used in Spain and their effectiveness was reported to Berlin.
In order to maximise support over the frontline, aircraft operated from bases near the front to keep and gain an advantage.
Aircraft were sent in small formations to bomb frontline positions, while other groups of ground attack aircraft were en route and refuelling.
At the operational level, the Luftwaffes logistics units had to be completely motorised to bring in fuel, ammunition and spare parts.
The motorised logistics also helped during the rapid redeployment to the south, after the surprise Republican offensive at Brunete in July 1937.
The air support was vital in defeating the offensive, which was supported by modern aircraft sent to the Republicans from the Soviet Union.
German types like the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, which replaced the Heinkel He 51, the Do 17 and He 111 helped win and hold air superiority and interdict the battlefield.
In the first years of the Nazi state these types remained a low-priority for air planners who shaped the embryonic Luftwaffe.
The Spanish experience encouraged the General Staff to embrace the dive-bomber concept, for which Richthofen was partly responsible, but the influence of the conflict on German operational preferences remain ambiguous.
On the eve of World War II, some German air planners regarded the dive-bomber as a strategic weapon to strike with precision at enemy industry.
Even factored into the army support groups, only fifteen percent of Luftwaffe front-line strength contained specialist ground-attack aircraft in September 1939.
One of the first innovations was to prepare signals staff on the frontline in the region of any planned air strikes, and equip them with telephones.
Liaison officers were attached to the Nationalist Army, and improved coordination continued in the second half of 1937 despite occasional friendly-fire incidents.
In the Second World War, the Luftwaffe air units and liaison officers at the front could communicate directly with updated radios.
War games and communication exercises in a different variety of combat operations allowed the officers to familiarise themselves with mobile warfare, and this produced proficient doctrine and better prepared operational methods than most of its opponents.
With notable exceptions, such as RAF Fighter Command, most of the Allied air forces did not conduct large-scale unit and staff exercises, testing tactics and doctrine.
Given the slight numerical and technological advantage of the Luftwaffe over its enemies in 1939–1941, its success during these years can largely be attributed to extensive officer and staff training programs along with the experiences of the Condor Legion in Spain.
They combined to advise and oppose Franco on a number of topics to prevent the misuse of air power and debates were heated.
Both Germans men were blunt with the Spanish leader and although the Germans and Spanish did not like each other, they had a healthy respect which translated into an effective working relationship.
Hellmuth Volkmann assumed his place, but his pessimistic reports to Berlin, his continued demands for support and resources, and his personal disagreements with Richthofen forced his replacement in October 1938.
Richthofen was promoted to the rank of Generalmajor on 1 November 1938 and he oversaw the final stages of the civil war in early 1939.
It had proved highly successful in its limited role and Richthofens's fear of excessive losses in low-level ground attack operations proved ill-founded.
Soon afterwards, and even in modern-day studies, historians referred to it as a deliberate act of terror bombing designed to break civilian morale.
In April 1937 the town was located just behind the Republican frontline and Nationalist forces were applying pressure in the area.
One simple, and possible reason for Richthofen sanctioning the bombing, was that two main roads being used to supply 23 Basque battalions at Bilbao intersected at Guernica.
At least the 18th Loyola and Saseta battalions were stationed in the city at the time making it a legitimate target.
The destruction of the road and train lines around Guernica, as well as the bridges, denied the Republicans an escape route as well as the only way to evacuate heavy equipment.
Only eight days into the campaign, on 8 September, the Tenth Army had advanced so far into Poland, that Richthofen was obliged to move Günter Schwartzkopff, his most experienced dive-bomber exponent, into Polish airfields, while Reichenau closed in on Warsaw.
The collapse of communications deprived commanders and squadrons of orders, a situation exacerbated by the lack of a common radio frequency and by over-stretched logistics, which also forced them to scavenge enemy supply depots.
As early as 3 September, he noted in his diary that the army headquarters had ceased to know where the frontline was, and he refused to respond to army requests for air support.
On one occasion, Ju 87s knocked out a bridge across the Vistula river when a Panzer Division was about to cross.
Loerzer was out of contact with Reichenau's command post for three days, while Richthofen was soon complaining to Löhr about the former's ignorance.
Because he was impetuous and wanted to be in the thick of the action, Richthofen began flying around over the frontline in a Fieseler Fi 156 Storch, as air-ground liaison collapsed.
His claims were not always believed, and these personal operations were a waste of time and needlessly exposed him to danger.
For three days the Germans bombed Polish forces contributing to the success in the Battle of Radom and Battle of the Bzura.
Richthofen sent his air units up under orders to spend only ten minutes over the battlefield, and to expend all ammunition.
Just after midnight on 12/13 September, the Luftwaffe chief of staff Hans Jeschonnek ordered Löhr to prepare to attack ghettos in northern Warsaw, in retaliation for unspecified war crimes against German soldiers in recent battles.
Richthofen confronted Hermann Göring over the need for a united air command for the Warsaw campaign and hinted he was the man for the job.
Leaflets demanding the city's surrender had been dropped on four days earlier, but Richthofen began acting on his own initiative, using Luftwaffe Directive 18, dated 21 September, which gave him responsibility for the conduct of air operations.
Richthofen did not get the aircraft he wanted for the operation, in particular the Heinkel He 111, and instead was handed old Junkers Ju 52 transports which delivered bombs by airmen throwing them out of the doors.
The bombing did great damage, causing 40,000 casualties and destroying one in ten of the buildings in the city, while only two Ju 87s and one Ju 52 were lost.
The army complained of near friendly fire incidents while fighting through the city and smoke made life difficult for the German artillery spotters.
Richthofen's force also flew 450 sorties against Modlin Fortress, securing the town's surrender on 27 September after 318 tonnes of bombs had been dropped on it in two days.
Attacks on enemy air bases were only to be carried out if Allied air power attempted to interdict the German ground forces.
However, the Corps' war diary and Richthofen's personal diary make no mention of this order, which may indicate a breakdown in staff work at some level.
The air liaison teams attached to the corps and Panzer Divisions were directed to report the battle situation at the front, but were forbidden to advise the army, or request air support.
The reports were digested by Kleist and Richthofen's chiefs of staff, and action was or was not taken with mutual agreement.
During the planning for the Sixth Army's operations, Reichenau seemed to display a lack of interest when the subject turned to the capture of the bridges at Maastricht, in the Netherlands, and Fort Eben-Emael in Belgium.
So unenthusiastic was Reichenau about the suggested airborne operation by glider troops against the fort, that he refused to allow the diversion of any army artillery.
Richthofen was ordered to throw in half of his force in the Hague battle and to attack the Scheldt estuary, near Antwerp, the Dutch border, to stop the French before they positioned themselves near the Moerdijk bridgehead.
His support operations were usually 65 kilometres (40 mi) ahead of the forward edge of the battlefield, with even reconnaissance aircraft pressed into service as bombers.
For the cost of twelve aircraft (four Ju 87s), he helped attack French communication and supply positions, and supported Reichenau as he reached the Dyle river.
In the afternoon, he received an order to cease operations in Belgium, and send all he had to support Georg-Hans Reinhardt's XLI Corps, north of Sedan.
He later noted in his diary that it was a major oversight for the OKL not to have informed him of his expected input, but his diary also suggests he relished the fog of war and the unknown.
During the winding down of operations in the north, his units did help the Sixth Army capture Liege in Belgium on 17 May.
The heavy German air assaults on French positions included 360 by his medium bombers, although his Ju 87 units could only fly 90 owing to the difficulties he had moving his Corps around.
His Ju 87s broke up attacks on the flanks of Army Group A, most notably combining to repulse Charles de Gaulle's Fourth Armoured Division on 16 and 19 May, at the Battle of Montcornet and Crécy-sur-Serre.
Richthofen moved his HQ to Ochamps to keep up with events, while he gambled on German air superiority holding out to fill forward airfields up with aircraft leading to overcrowding.
The pressures compelled him to risk being shot down in order to pass on orders, and while flying on 22 May he was forced to land owing to a fractured fuel tank.
By 21 May, with his fighters based at Charleville-Mézières, Ju 87s at Sint-Truiden, and his Do 17s back in Germany, Richthofen's logistics were overstretched and his fuel was running out.
During the Battle of Dunkirk and Siege of Calais (1940), Richthofen supported the advance of Army Groups A and B in these operations.
After the expulsion of the British Army and the surrenders of the Dutch and Belgians, Richthofen was ordered to support the German Ninth Army, containing Guderian's Corps.
The French lost their most capable formations in the encirclement, and they capitulated on 22 June 1940, after the capture of Paris on 14th, and the encirclement of the Maginot Line on 15 June.
The British refusal to reach a compromise with Germany forced the OKL to prepare a plan for attaining air superiority, codenamed Operation Eagle Attack.
Despite Richthofen's Corps being primarily a specialist ground assault organisation, which supported ground forces, he was expected to help lead the assault over Britain.
In June 1940, Richthofen and his Corps' specific mission was to establish air superiority over the southern part of the English Channel (near France) and to clear British shipping from the strip of sea altogether, particularly from the region between Portsmouth and Portland.
Attempts by German air fleets to interdict British shipping in the English Channel were met with a significant response from the RAF, and many air battles ensued over the Channel.
The campaign was complicated by the weather, which grounded the Corps for long periods, and while the Ju 87s proved effective, they proved vulnerable to RAF fighters.
Although Richthofen's force severely over-claimed the number of ships sunk, they did succeed in forcing the Royal Navy to suspend convoys through the Channel temporarily, as well as forcing it to abandon Dover as a base.
On 8 August 1940, during one of the last operations against shipping, his airmen claimed 48,500 tons of shipping sunk in one operation.
The Ju 87s were removed from the battle, and were limited to small-scale attacks on shipping until the spring, 1941, by which time the Battle of Britain was over and the air war over Britain (The Blitz) was winding down.
The failure of the Italian Army in the Greco-Italian War forced Hitler to intervene to secure the Axis flank, close to the Romanian oilfields.
While preparations were taking place he indulged in hunting and horse riding expeditions as a guest of the Bulgarian Royal Family.
Richthofen arranged to have the German Twelfth Army's air reconnaissance units cooperate with his own formations through the use of a liaison.
The Corps' operations supported the German Twelfth Army in southern Yugoslavia, which cut the Yugoslav Army off from Greece and the Allied forces there.
The victory in Yugoslavia was complete with the bombing of Belgrade, which facilitated a rapid victory by destroying command and control centres.
Richthofen's force did not participate in the bombing of Belgrade, but were engaged in attacking Yugoslav reinforcements, concentrated on the Austrian and Hungarian borders in the north, that were streaming south to block the break through.
The bombing of the capital disabled the command and control function of the Yugoslav Army, but it also convinced those in the government that further resistance would meet with even more destruction.
The Axis success in the Battle of the Metaxas Line allowed them to outflank the main Greek Army position and encircle the most effective Greek force.
Unlike the gross over claiming against British shipping in the English Channel in 1940, the claims of 280,000 tons of shipping (60 vessels) destroyed up until 30 April 1941 were approximately correct.
Allied forces withdrew down the east coast of Greece, where the Royal Navy and Greek Navy began evacuating them from ports around southern Greece, including the capital, Athens.
Ju 87 units from Richthofen's Corps inflicted high losses on shipping, eliminating the small Greek Navy and causing damage to British shipping.
The end of the campaign on the mainland meant the sole remaining objective was the island of Crete, which lay off Greece's southern coastline.
Most of the airborne forces that landed by glider or parachute lost most of their radios, which meant Richthofen had to rely on aerial reconnaissance aircraft.
On 21 May, the destroyer was sunk, and the next day, the battleship was damaged and the cruiser was sunk with the loss of 45 officers and 648 ratings.
Around eight British destroyers and four cruisers were sunk (not all by air attack), along with five destroyers of the Greek Navy.
By the summer, 1941, the Luftwaffe and its land-air liaison teams would dramatically reduce the number of friendly-fire incidents, as German assault aviation would have detailed knowledge of friendly and enemy dispositions.
The Luftwaffe lost 78 aircraft on 22 June, but destroyed 1,489 aircraft on the ground, though further research indicates the number exceeded 2,000 destroyed.
In July, waves of unescorted Soviet bombers tried in vain to halt the German advance, only to suffer extremely high loses.
In this phase he was also moved south, to support Panzer Group Guderian, which succeeded in supporting the capture of Orsha.
Results from the battles, and in particular the defeat of the Soviet counterattacks by the Soviet 13th and 24th Armies, were impressive.
Before the operations in the Soviet Union, scant attention had been made to logistical operations in the east, primarily because of German over-confidence.
The German Eighteenth Army and the Sixteenth Army overran the remaining parts of Estonia, seizing Chudovo, north of Novgorod, which severed one of the two main supply lines from Leningrad to Moscow.
In support of these operations, Richthofen's Corps dropped 3,351 tons of bombs in 5,042 attacks from 10 to 20 August 1941.
On 20 August Richthofen moved strike and fighter aircraft to Spasskaya Polist, 40 km north-east of Novgorod, to support an attack that would encircle Leningrad, and cut it off from Murmansk.
Before a main assault could be launched, Leningrad needed to be completely cut off from the Soviet hinterland which led to the Siege of Leningrad.
However, by committing their last resources and reinforcing their 54th Army (later renamed the 48th Army), the Soviets stalled the German advance on 25 September.
One last attempt to capture Moscow was made on 2 December, but lack of fuel and ammunition and increasingly stiff resistance prevented its success.
Concentrating aviation against Soviet ground forces, the Luftwaffe delivered a series of attacks that took the wind out of the Soviet offensive within two weeks.
Army Group South had overrun the Ukraine, were outside Rostov, considered the gate to the Caucasus and its rich oil fields, and had occupied most of the Crimea.
However, in December the Soviets made an amphibious landing at the Kerch Peninsula, on the extreme east coast of the Crimea.
The landing threatened to cut off the German Eleventh Army commanded by Erich von Manstein, which were engaged in the siege of Sevastopol.
The Crimean base allowed the Black Sea Fleet to continue operating against Axis shipping and it would also provide air bases for the VVS to attack the Romanian oil fields.
On 18 April he received a call from the Luftwaffe's Chief of the General Staff Hans Jeschonnek who informed him he was to leave for Kerch immediately.
Hitler had a high opinion of Richthofen and believed the Corps' record, as a specialised close-support force, was unparalleled and would guarantee success.
For the first time organisational custom, which was to place Corps level units under the command of an air fleet in whatever region the Corps was deployed, was abandoned.
Though on one occasion Richthofen claimed in his diary to have taken great delight in beating Manstein in a debate over tactical differences.
The main points of effort were discussed and each man's staff was ordered to deal directly with each other to facilitate rapid cooperation.
The difficulty in getting units out of Germany quickly, where they were refitting, prompted Richthofen, in consultation with Jeschonnek and Manstein, to ask for a postponement of the offensive for two days until they could be brought in.
Richthofen's forces quickly established air superiority in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, destroying 82 enemy fighters within the first day.
They advised the air Corps on the situation and intentions of the ground forces and also advised the army of the best use of air power.
Richthofen then complained he did not have the adequate forces to stop the Soviets evacuating by sea, but Axis aviation did inflict considerable attrition on Soviet units on the beaches and sank a number of vessels.
It effectively decimated Soviet air power in the region, reducing it to barely 60 aircraft from over 300 in 10 days.
The aim of the discussion as far as Richthofen was concerned, was to impress upon Hitler the importance of not diverting forces away from the front as had been done at Kerch.
Richthofen scraped up all the forces he could for the assault, getting three dive-bomber, six medium bomber and three fighter Gruppen for the operation.
He was not overly concerned with his fighter strength, as his fighters outnumbered the 60-odd aircraft of the Soviet air defence.
So confident was Richthofen that the VVS posed no threat, he lent his Flak forces to the army, though he retained operational control.
The stages of the air campaign were managed into three; attacking Soviet reserves beyond German artillery; raids against harbour facilities, airfields, fortresses and shipping; cooperating with German artillery to cancel out Soviet mortar and gun batteries.
However, he did not take into account the systemic technical problems with German U-Boat and aerial torpedoes which were unreliable, and blamed von Wild and the air units instead for failing to achieve much success.
On 7 June 1,300 tons of bombers were dropped in 1,368 air attacks and were followed on 8 June by another 1,200 sorties.
On 9 June 1,044 sorties and 954 tons of bombs were dropped, followed by 688 sorties and 634 tons the next day.
He ordered only important and fewer targets attacked, ordering aircraft to attack in columns to reduce the wastage of bombs and keep the pressure up on the fortifications.
They ordered him to Kursk in order to take up his command, leaving his Corps behind, and Sevastopol air operations under the command of von Wild.
To the north, the Soviets had been convinced the main attack was to come against Moscow owing to the German deception plan Operation Kremlin.
The offensive opened on 28 June, and the Red Army put the German forces on the boundary of Army Groups Centre and South under severe pressure in the belief the main thrust to Moscow would emanate from that region.
Within six weeks, Richthofen had lost 350 aircraft and objected to Hitler's directive splitting the two armies (Army Group A and B) to pursue the capture of Stalingrad and the Baku oilfields at the same time, as he now had to support two lines of logistics which he could ill-afford.
Nevertheless, he committed himself to his task, and ordered Fiebig to destroy rail links around Stalingrad, where the German Sixth Army, despite having 1,000 aircraft supporting its drive to the city, were struggling to make rapid headway.
The Battle of Stalingrad initiated a regression in air tactics back to the First World War, where a few flights of aircraft made pin-point attacks against enemy infantry and acted as an extension of the infantry.
In October, the Romanian Air Corps arrived (180 aircraft) which attacked rail targets north east of Stalingrad and eased the air situation.
Logistics were stretched and the front in Stalingrad formed into a stalemate, with the Germans having taken central and southern Stalingrad.
With no reinforcements, and having lost 14 percent of his strength, Richthofen turned to support the German Army in the Caucasus.
Hitler was in a good mood, and he had taken personal command of Army Group B operations in the Caucasus on 9 September.
He supported Richthofen and gave him the authority to continue, partly in the belief that the battle in Stalingrad was nearly over.
Richthofen had wanted to support Army Group B in the south, but despite the Caucasus oilfields being the primary target for German strategy, the Army Group received poor air support.
Richthofen's arm-chair general tactics were important in deciding where air power was to be used, and would be done so only if he rated the army's chances of success.
He allowed some raids against Grozny's oilfields and close support operations, but the mountain terrain in the region made it difficult for the Panzer Divisions to exploit the actions of his air units.
Hitler's realisation that the oilfields at Baku could not be captured meant that he was forced to order the Luftwaffe to eliminate them.
Until this point, Richthofen had received 42,630 tons of supplies and 20,713 tons of fuel while the army received 9,492 tons of fuel.
He rationed his own fuel stocks which allowed him to create a reserve but also increased, by air lift, the tonnage from 2,000 to 5,000 tons.
He tried to convince Göring that his air fleet did not have the resources to sustain an air lift, and that the best option would be to attempt a breakout before the Soviet forces entrenched.
Other losses included 42 Junkers Ju 86s, nine Fw 200 Condors, five Heinkel He 177 bombers and a Junkers Ju 290.
Its attacks on the Soviet Southwestern Front prevented the Soviets from achieving the goal of isolating the Army Group in the Caucasus.
It had four fewer transport groups than at Demyansk, so failed in its overall task despite Fiebig ordering his bombers onto transport operations.
They managed an average of 68 sorties per day, delivering 111 tons of supplies against the requirement of 300 tons for the Sixth Army.
He first met with Göring and allayed his fears Richthofen would use the opportunity to criticise Göring's leadership in front of Hitler.
Richthofen later did criticise Göring's reluctance to disagree with Hitler and attacked his willingness to allow Hitler to receive what Richthofen considered to be faulty advice.
When Richthofen did meet Hitler he was critical of him for micromanagement, though he soothed Hitler's ego by insisting he had been let down by advisors.
Richthofen argued commanders needed more tactical and operational freedom and won Hitler's agreement – though subsequent operations showed Hitler's remarks were insincere.
Four days later Richthofen was promoted to the rank of field marshal being the youngest officer beside Göring to reach this rank in the Wehrmacht.
The frontline threatened to collapse altogether in the east, but the Red Army had not yet learned the full lessons of manoeuvre warfare.
At Stalin's behest, it attempted to cut off the Axis forces in the Caucasus by advancing to Rostov, using Kharkov and Belgorod as a springboard.
Radio intercepts suggested the Soviets were low on fuel, for their ground forces and the VVS, giving more urgency for a counter strike.
The Luftwaffe was also now back near to pre-prepared air bases, near logistical railheads at Mykolaiv and Poltava which enabled accelerated rates of re-equipment.
Manstein encircled and destroyed a large number of enemy forces, stabilising the front, but leaving a bulge in the east, around the city of Kursk.
Throughout the spring and early summer, 1943, Richthofen began preparing his air fleet for Operation Citadel, and the Battle of Kursk, the major summer campaign which was supposed to repeat the Kharkov victory on a larger scale, and turn the tide in the east back in the Axis favour.
The Third Battle of Kharkov proved to be his last battle in the Soviet Union, and he was transferred to the Mediterranean to begin operations there.
They supported German re-armament, Hitler's disarming of the Sturmabteilung, and lauded the Nazi leader's promises to establish the Reichswehr as the sole military organisation in the Third Reich.
Richthofen stated that the Nazi Party provided a strong sense of national unity and he expressed the view that Germany would once again become a great power.
Richthofen's sincerity cannot be doubted, for he was not compelled to make public speeches and did not need to play political games to safeguard or advance his career.
Though an admirer of Hitler, he was disinterested in the politics of the party, believing it lacked any coherent ideology beyond following the leadership of Adolf Hitler.
Nevertheless, Richthofen never wavered in his admiration for Hitler and sincerely believed that Germany's military decline, and the disastrous military decisions, were the fault of the General Staff advising Hitler.
When Richthofen was promoted to field marshal in 1943, he became a benefactor of financial payments, which were not part of the state's expenses and transferred secretly.
This was an annual salary for the average German worker, and the manner of transfer allowed Richthofen to avoid income tax, thus committing fraud.
Richthofen was active against Greek Army positions in northern Greece at the time; rejecting some historians who credit Richthofen with the death of 17,000 civilians—which Corum also argues is inflated.
This was a ruthless trait Richthofen shared with Allied air commanders, who did not agonise over the destruction of towns and cities if it offered a military advantage.
His personal responsibility, as a high-ranking commander in the Luftwaffe, was in his willingness to support Hitler's grand program of conquest.
On 6 June 1941 the High Command issued the Commissar Order, which was sent throughout the chain of command of both the army and air force.
The nature of the war on the Eastern Front—which differed enormously from its prosecution in Western Europe—can have left no doubt in the minds of senior Wehrmacht commanders that Germany was operating outside the rules of international law.
Corum argues the Luftwaffe cannot escape culpability for the part it played in the deaths of 1.6 to 3.3 million prisoners.
On one recorded occasion, Richthofen's air corps moved into an airfield so rapidly that Soviet ground crews were found working in the facility.
Slave labour was also used to build airfields in Eastern Europe—there is no evidence that workers were treated any better by the Luftwaffe than by the German army.
Richthofen was one of the few air commanders that pioneered practical solutions to the cooperation of ground an air forces, rather than developing theory.
No senior commander in the Luftwaffe put as much effort in developing close air support tactics from 1936 to 1942, or achieved comparable success.
Of particular note, was his secondment of airmen to the army with specialised vehicles which allowed the army and air force to direct air strikes from the frontlines.
Age-old principles, such as employing forces en masse (focus of effort), at the decisive points, was standard military practice stretching back centuries.
Richthofen was also supportive of rocketry and jet propulsion while working at the Technical Research Office, at a time when leaders of the major powers settled for larger piston-engine aircraft.
During his time at the technical office, it was von Richthofen that issued the contracts that lead to the development of the V-1 an V-2, the first practical cruise missile.
The Governor Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a system of canals, tunnels, and pipelines that conveys water collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California.
The aqueduct then heads south, eventually splitting into three branches: the Coastal Branch, ending at Lake Cachuma in Santa Barbara County; the West Branch, conveying water to Castaic Lake in Los Angeles County; and the East Branch, connecting Silverwood Lake in San Bernardino County.
Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam, which forms San Luis Reservoir, the largest offstream reservoir in the United States.
The Castaic Power Plant, while similar and which is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, is located on the northern end of Castaic Lake, while Castaic Dam is located at the southern end.
The aqueduct begins at the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta at the Banks Pumping Plant, which pumps from the Clifton Court Forebay.
The water flows down a long segment, built at a slight grade, and arrives at a pumping station powered by Path 66 or Path 15.
The initial pumping station fed by the Sacramento River Delta raises the water , while a series of pumps culminating at the Edmonston Pumping Plant raises the water over the Tehachapi Mountains.
The Edmonston Pumping station requires so much power that several power lines off of Path 15 and Path 26 are needed to ensure proper operation of the pumps.
From its beginning until its first branch, the aqueduct passes through parts of Contra Costa, Alameda, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Fresno, and Kings counties.
The aqueduct then divides into three branches: the Coastal Branch in the Central Valley, and the East and West Branches after passing over the Tehachapi Mountains.
The Coastal Branch splits from the main line south-southeast of Kettleman City transiting Kings County, Kern County, San Luis Obispo County, and Santa Barbara County to deliver water to the coastal cities of San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria, and Santa Barbara.
With construction beginning in 1994, Phase II consists of of a diameter buried pipeline extending from the Devils Den Pump Plant, and terminates at Tank 5 on Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County.
The Central Coast Water Authority (CCWA) extension, completed in 1997, is a (30–39 in) (76–99 cm) diameter pipeline that travels from Vandenberg through Vandenberg Village, Lompoc, Buellton, and Solvang where it terminates at Lake Cachuma in Los Padres National Forest.
The aqueduct splits off into the East Branch and West Branch in extreme southern Kern County, north of the Los Angeles County line.
The West Branch continues to head towards its terminus at Pyramid Lake and Castaic Lake in the Angeles National Forest to supply the western Los Angeles basin.
When it was open, the California Aqueduct Bikeway was the longest of the paved paths in the Los Angeles area, at long from Quail Lake near Gorman through the desert to Silverwood Lake in the San Bernardino Mountains.
It is expected to remain closed indefinitely due to the continued liability issues and an increased focus on security, especially after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
The Sacramento River, along with its tributaries the Feather River and American River, flows southwards through the Sacramento Valley for about .
In the San Joaquin Valley, the San Joaquin River flows roughly northwest for , picking up tributaries such as the Merced River, Tuolumne River, Stanislaus River and Mokelumne River.
In the south part of the San Joaquin Valley, the alluvial fan of the Kings River and another one from Coast Ranges streams have created a divide and resultantly the currently dry Tulare basin of the Central Valley, into which flow four major Sierra Nevada rivers, the Kings, Kaweah, Tule and Kern.
The rivers of the Central Valley converge in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, a complex network of marshy channels, distributaries and sloughs that wind around islands mainly used for agriculture.
Here the freshwater of the rivers merges with tidewater, and eventually reach the Pacific Ocean after passing through Suisun Bay, San Pablo Bay, upper San Francisco Bay and finally the Golden Gate.
Many of the islands now lie below sea level because of intensive agriculture, and have a high risk of flooding, which would cause salt water to rush back into the delta, especially when there is too little fresh water flowing in from the Valley.
The Sacramento River carries far more water than the San Joaquin, with an estimated of virgin annual runoff, as compared to the San Joaquin's approximately .
Intensive agricultural and municipal water consumption has reduced the present rate of outflow to about for the Sacramento and for the San Joaquin; however, these figures still vary widely from year to year.
Over 25 million people, living both in the valley and in other regions of the state, rely on the water carried by these rivers.
The documentary is typically shown on the History television channel in the United States, although other educational broadcasters globally have shown it.
Biscayne Bay () is a lagoon that is approximately long and up to wide located on the Atlantic coast of South Florida, United States.
It has been severely affected over the last century by raw sewage releases, urban runoff, shoreline bulkheading, dredging, the creation of artificial islands and the loss of natural fresh water flow into the bay.
It has been adversely affected primarily by bulkheading, urban runoff discharged by canals, and the loss of natural fresh water flow.
South Bay is nearly as large as Central Bay, and is the least affected by human activities, although it also suffers from the loss of natural fresh water flow.
South Bay is separated from the Straits of Florida by the northernmost of the Florida Keys, and includes Card Sound and Barnes Sound.
The first bridge across Biscayne Bay was the wooden Collins Bridge built in 1912 by John S. Collins and his son-in-law Thomas Pancoast, who formed the Miami Beach Improvement Corporation; financing was provided by Carl G. Fisher and the Miami banker brothers John N. Lummus and James E. Lummus.
The bridge was a toll bridge; in 1920, the toll was reduced from 20 cents each way (for two-seat cars) to 15 cents one way (and 25 cents round-trip).
The bridge was sold to the Biscayne Bay Improvement Association, which developed five artificial islands that became known as the Venetian Islands: Biscayne and San Marco in Miami, San Marino, Di Lido, and Rivo Alto in Miami Beach.
The Lummus brothers lobbied for the county commission's support for a second causeway connecting Miami to the barrier islands of Miami Beach, and the County Causeway—later the MacArthur Causeway—opened on February 17, 1920.
In 1929, a third causeway crossed Biscayne Bay at Normandy Isle, which developer Henri Levy had created several years earlier by dredging and filling the south half of Meade Island.
Other causeways are the John F. Kennedy (79th Street) and Broad causeways (connecting the Miami mainland), and the Rickenbacker Causeway (connecting Miami to Key Biscayne).
The aquatic preserve spans the entirety of Biscayne Bay from Oleta River in the north to Card Sound in the south, with the exception of the central part of the bay, which is Biscayne National Park.
A second preserve was soon added off of Cape Florida on Key Biscayne, which became known as the Cape Florida to Monroe County Line Preserve.
Seven remaining houses of Biscayne Bay's Stiltsville settlement are now within the boundaries of this National Park which was established in 1980.
The bay is also home to the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science in Virginia Key (founded in 1947) and Florida International University's Biscayne Bay Campus (founded in 1977) in North Miami.
The Safety Valve is a series of shallow sand flats separated by tidal flow channels, stretching about from the south end of Key Biscayne to the Ragged Keys at the north end of the Florida Keys.
The transportation of sand southward along the Atlantic Coast of Florida by longshore drift ends in the area of the Safety Valve.
It is frequently noted as the first tall building to be supported both inside and outside by a fireproof structural steel and metal frame, which included reinforced concrete.
The building was completed in 1885 in Chicago, and was the first tall building to use structural steel in its frame, but the majority of its structure was composed of cast and wrought iron.
While the Ditherington Flax Mill was an earlier fireproof-metal-framed building and is sometimes considered to be the first skyscraper, it was only five stories tall.
The building weighed one-third as much as a masonry building and city officials were so concerned they halted construction while they investigated its safety.
The building was demolished in 1931 and the Field Building, now known as the Private Bank Building, was built the same year on the site.
It was the first multistory building in the United States to largely use iron in its exterior to support the masonry since Badger had constructed similar grain elevators between 1860 and 1862.
The status of the Home Insurance Building as the first skyscraper had been accorded by the time of its centennial in 1985.
An 1884 list of buildings considered skyscrapers in Chicago listed three buildings whose final heights would be taller than the Home Insurance Building's.
Iron framing of multistory buildings had originated in England in the late 18th century and was able to replace exterior load-bearing walls by 1844.
The Broad Street Station in Philadelphia, a 6-story building designed by Wilson Brothers & Company built in 1881, had a structural steel frame and was one of the first buildings in America to use masonry not as structure, but as curtain wall.
Thutmose IV was born to Amenhotep II and Tiaa but was not actually the crown prince and Amenhotep II's chosen successor to the throne.
He soon fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next Pharaoh.
Betsy Bryan, who penned a biography of Thutmose IV, says that Thutmose IV's Konosso stela appears to refer to a minor desert patrol action on the part of the king's forces to protect certain gold-mine routes in Egypt's Eastern Desert from occasional attacks by the Nubians.
Thutmose IV's rule is significant because he established peaceful relations with Mitanni and married a Mitannian princess to seal this new alliance.
Thutmose IV's role in initiating contact with Egypt's former rival, Mitanni, is documented by Amarna letter EA 29 composed decades later by Tushratta, a Mittanian king who ruled during the reign of Akhenaten, Thutmose IV's grandson.
Dating the beginning of the reign of Thutmose IV is difficult to do with certainty because he is several generations removed from the astronomical dates which are usually used to calculate Egyptian chronologies, and the debate over the proper interpretation of these observances has not been settled.
Thutmose's grandfather Thutmose III almost certainly acceded the throne in either 1504 or 1479, based upon two lunar observances during his reign, and ruled for nearly 54 years.
His successor Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV's father, took the throne and ruled for at least 26 years but has been assigned up to 35 years in some chronological reconstructions.
The currently preferred reconstruction, after analyzing all this evidence, usually comes to an accession date around 1401 BC or 1400 BC for the beginning of Thutmose IV's reign.
However, Manetho's other figures for the 18th Dynasty are frequently assigned to the wrong kings or simply incorrect, so monumental evidence is also used to determine his reign length.
Of all of Thutmose IV's dated monuments, three date to his first regnal year, one to his fourth, possibly one to his fifth, one to his sixth, two to his seventh, and one to his eighth.
Two other dated objects, one dated to a Year 19 and another year 20, have been suggested as possibly belonging to him, but neither have been accepted as dating to his reign.
The readings of the king's name in these dates are today accepted as referring to the prenomen of Thutmose III—Menkheperre—and not Menkhepe[ru]re Thutmose IV himself.
Due to the absence of higher dates for Thutmose IV after his Year 8 Konosso stela, Manetho's figures here are usually accepted.
Thutmose IV completed the eastern obelisk at the Temple of Karnak started by Thutmose III, which, at , was the tallest obelisk ever erected in Egypt.
Thutmose IV also built a unique chapel and peristyle hall against the back or eastern walls of the main Karnak temple building.
Thutmose IV was buried in the Valley of the Kings, in tomb KV43, but his body was later moved to the mummy cache in KV35, where it was discovered by Victor Loret in 1898.
An examination of his body shows that he was very ill and had been wasting away for the final months of his life prior to his death.
Recently a surgeon at Imperial College London analysed the early death of Thutmose IV and the premature deaths of other Eighteenth Dynasty pharaohs (including Tutankhamun and Akhenaten).
This would account for both the untimely death of Thutmose IV and also his religious vision described on the Dream Stele, due to this type of epilepsy's association with intense spiritual visions and religiosity.
The Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies (SIIT) is a post-secondary institution offering training and educational programs to new, mature and international students Saskatchewan, Canada.
As of 2015, SIIT has 3 campuses and 8 Construction / Industrial Career Centres throughout the province, as well as 3 Social Media accounts: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
It is governed by a Board of First Nation Chiefs, Tribal Council appointees and an executive member of the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations.
On July 1, 2000, the Saskatchewan government recognized SIIT as a post-secondary institution through the enactment of the Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies Act.
There is a large lintel over the entrance to the chamber (2m high and 1.60m wide) and a relieving triangle, open to the chamber and covered with a slab on the front.
The burial chamber, very carefully built with large porous stones, square in ground plan (4.36m x 4.46m), should have ended in a pyramidal roof.
Just two seal stones have been preserved among the grave goods, one made of copper, the other made of agate, together with some pot fragments.
Many of the paratroopers lost their lives in the attack and are buried in the German war cemetery () located on a hill above Maleme.
There is a Royal Air Force (RAF) memorial to the airmen of 30 and 33 Squadrons who died during the battle.
The memorial is located () behind the roadside hedge between Maleme and Tavronitis overlooking the () Iron Bridge across the Tavronitis River and the end of Maleme aerodrome.
Crested geckos also have two rows of spines that run from the sides of their wedge-shaped head to the base of their tail.
It is believed these structures exploit the weak van der Waals force to help the gecko climb on most solid surfaces.
Unlike some other geckos, once they lose their tail, it will not grow back; however, this is not as harmful to the gecko as it is in other species, such as the leopard gecko, which store fat reserves in their tails.
Breeders of the species have achieved many other patterns such as the extreme harlequin pattern that are not observed in the wild.
The numbers and sizes of crests can vary; some geckos have crests that extend to the base of the tail and some lack crests on one side of their body.
There are three disjunct populations, one found on the Isle of Pines and surrounding islets, and there are two populations found on the main island of Grande Terre.
One population is around the Blue River, which is a protected provincial park, and the other is further north, just south of Mount Dzumac.
They are a mostly arboreal species, preferring to inhabit the canopy of the New Caledonian rainforests, and because of this they can jump considerably well.
The cells around the base of the tail are brittle, allowing the tail to break away when threatened or caught by a predator.
Unlike most species of gecko, this species is an omnivore, also considered frugivorous, feeding on a variety of insects and fruit.
Though the export of wild crested geckos is now prohibited, biologists exported several specimens for breeding and study before New Caledonia stopped issuing permits to export the species.
While they have not been kept in captivity long enough for a definitive life span determination, they have been kept for 15–20 years or more.
They can be kept healthy on specially prepared powder diets with sufficient calcium or a variety of insects dusted with calcium or multivitamin supplements.
Little is known about the wild reproductive behavior of crested geckos, but in captivity they breed readily, with the female laying two eggs, which hatch 60–150 days after they are laid.
Eggs are generally laid at four week intervals as long as the fat and calcium reserves of the female are still at healthy levels.
If an egg-laying female does not have enough calcium her sac will be depleted, and she can suffer from calcium deficiency.
This can lead to a calcium crash, where the female appears shaky or wobbly, lethargic, has a lack of appetite, and can even result in death.
Eggs laid by a female whose calcium reserves are low occasionally exhibit signs of congenital metabolic bone disease, such as an underbite and/or a kinked or wavy tail.
It is currently unknown whether heat plays a role in determining the sex of the embryo, as it can with other gecko species.
Newly hatched crested geckos will generally not eat until after they have shed and eaten their skin for the first time, relying on the remains of their yolk sack for nutrition.
A female crested only has to mate with a male once in order to lay 2 eggs every 4–6 weeks for upwards of 8–10 months.
This cooling cycle must be implemented in captivity or females will lay eggs continuously, resulting in calcium depletion, poor health, and even death.
The ants prey on the geckos, stinging and attacking in great numbers, and they also compete with the geckos for food by preying on arthropods.
The Montreal Convention (formally, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air) is a multilateral treaty adopted by a diplomatic meeting of ICAO member states in 1999.
Whilst maintaining the core provisions which have served the international air transport community for several decades (i.e., the Warsaw regime), the new treaty achieves modernization in a number of key areas.
It protects passengers by introducing a two-tier liability system that eliminates the previous requirement of proving willful neglect by the air carrier to obtain more than US$75,000 in damages, which should eliminate or reduce protracted litigation.
Under the Montreal Convention, air carriers are strictly liable for proven damages up to 113,100.00 special drawing rights (SDR), a mix of currency values established by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) equal to roughly US$170,000.
Where damages of more than 113,100.00 SDR are sought, the airline may avoid liability by proving that the accident which caused the injury or death was not due to their negligence or was attributable solely to the negligence of a third party.
The Convention also amended the jurisdictional provisions of Warsaw and now allows the victim or their families to sue foreign carriers where they maintain their principal residence, and requires all air carriers to carry liability insurance.
The Montreal Convention was brought about mainly to amend liabilities to be paid to families for death or injury whilst onboard an aircraft.
Purely psychiatric injury is not eligible for compensation which has been criticised by people injured in plane accidents, legal experts and their families.
Independent Australian senator Nick Xenophon will introduce a private member's bill into the Australian Parliament in May 2015 which will seek to protect the rights of plane crash survivors to be compensated for psychological trauma.
Leading Australian current affairs TV show 4 Corners on the government owned broadcaster ABC, broadcast a program focusing on the unfairness and injustice of excluding psychiatric injury on March 23, 2015 featuring Karen Casey, a nurse injured when the medical evacuation flight she was nursing on crashed in the waters off Norfolk Island.
The Montreal Convention changes and generally increases the maximum liability of airlines for lost baggage to a fixed amount 1,131 SDR per passenger (the amount in the Warsaw Convention is based on weight of the baggage).
It requires airlines to fully compensate travelers the cost of replacement items purchased until the baggage is delivered, to a maximum of 1,131 SDR.
The limitation of compensation for damage to baggage to 1,131 SDRs means that the value of damaged mobility equipment may often significantly exceed available compensation under the Montreal Convention, while the effect of the loss, even temporarily, of mobility equipment places disabled passengers at a substantially increased disadvantage in comparison to other passengers suffering damaged baggage.
While for non-disabled people the major issue is the loss of hold baggage, for disabled people the problem tends to be physical damage to wheelchairs and other durable medical equipment due to inappropriate stowage in the hold.
There have been further problems with airlines being reluctant to recognise that cheap mass-market wheelchairs may be unsuitable as even a temporary replacement due to the common need for customised seating solutions among long-term wheelchair users.
Other states that have ratified include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, all member states of the European Union, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Nepal Norway, Pakistan, Russia Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States.
In the mathematical area of order theory, completeness properties assert the existence of certain infima or suprema of a given partially ordered set (poset).
On the one hand, these special elements often embody certain concrete properties that are interesting for the given application (such as being the least common multiple of a set of numbers or the union of a collection of sets).
All completeness properties are described along a similar scheme: one describes a certain class of subsets of a partially ordered set that are required to have a supremum or required to have an infimum.
But this is just the least element of the whole poset, if it has one, since the empty subset of a poset P is conventionally considered to be both bounded from above and from below, with every element of P being both an upper and lower bound of the empty subset.
Thus the central operations of lattices are binary suprema formula_1 and infima It is in this context that the terms meet for formula_2 and join for formula_1 are most common.
However, using the given order, one can restrict to further classes of (possibly infinite) subsets, that do not yield this strong completeness at once.
The term is used widely with this definition that focuses on suprema and there is no common name for the dual property.
Also note that the empty set usually has upper bounds (if the poset is non-empty) and thus a bounded-complete poset has a least element.
As explained above, the presence of certain completeness conditions allows to regard the formation of certain suprema and infima as total operations of an ordered set.
It turns out that in many cases it is possible to characterize completeness solely by considering appropriate algebraic structures in the sense of universal algebra, which are equipped with operations like formula_1 or formula_2.
By imposing additional conditions (in form of suitable identities) on these operations, one can then indeed derive the underlying partial order exclusively from such algebraic structures.
In fact this approach offers additional insights both into the nature of many completeness properties and into the importance of Galois connections for order theory.
The general observation on which this reformulation of completeness is based is that the construction of certain suprema or infima provides left or right adjoint parts of suitable Galois connections.
The considerations in this section suggest a reformulation of (parts of) order theory in terms of category theory, where properties are usually expressed by referring to the relationships (morphisms, more specifically: adjunctions) between objects, instead of considering their internal structure.
A fire eater can be an entertainer, a street performer, part of a sideshow or a circus act but has also been part of spiritual tradition in India.
Fire eating relies on the quick extinction of the fire in the mouth or on the touched surfaces and on the short term cooling effects of water evaporation at the surface on the source of fire (usually with a low percentage of alcohol mixed in the water) or saliva in the mouth.
Blowing on it can remove the very thin area of reaction from the source of fuel, and thus extinguish the fire in some cases, where the blown air is faster than the fire front and the flame is small enough to be entirely removed.
Certain materials are avoided when doing the trick, such as materials which may easily ignite, melt or store the heat and release it later.
The most common method of safely performing fire eating acts relies on the fact that it takes time to transfer heat, and that heat rises in air.
Fire eating and fire breathing (and all variants) is a skill which should be passed on from a skilled master to an appropriate student and almost all teachings include instructions on first aid, fire safety, chemistry and other appropriate skills.
A famous fire eater from the 18th century was Robert Powell who allegedly not only swallowed fire but also red-hot coals, melted sealing wax and even brimstone.
He performed, often in front of British and other European royalty and nobility, for nearly sixty years and, in 1751, was awarded a purse of gold and a large silver medal.
Although not the earliest, the first to attract the attention of the upper classes was an Englishman named Richardson, who first performed in France in 1667.
The most torches extinguished in one minute with the mouth (using multiple rods) is 99 and was achieved by Bret Pasek (U.S.) at the Minnesota Renaissance Festival in Shakopee, Minnesota, on 7 September 2014.
The longest duration fire torch teething is 3 minutes 38.39 seconds and was achieved by Alexander Spitfire (U.S.) at Circo Draconum's Draco's Inferno in Hell's Kitchen Lounge Newark, New Jersey on August 30, 2015.
are recognized by most, it is important to note that specific trick names may vary greatly depending on the region of the world in which the student learned.
Transfers are methods of moving a flame from one area to another, by using the body, or another surface or medium.
Age and citizenship status are often among the criteria used to determine eligibility, but some countries further restrict eligibility based on sex, race, or religion.
After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1980s.
In general, low turnout is attributed to disillusionment, indifference, or a sense of futility (the perception that one's vote won't make any difference).
Some studies show that a single vote in a voting scheme such as the Electoral College in the United States has an even lower chance of determining the outcome.
Studies using game theory, which takes into account the ability of voters to interact, have also found that the expected turnout for any large election should be zero.
Enos and Fowler (2014) conducted a field experiment that exploits the rare opportunity of a tied election for major political office.
They listed five major forms of gratification that people receive for voting: complying with the social obligation to vote; affirming one's allegiance to the political system; affirming a partisan preference (also known as expressive voting, or voting for a candidate to express support, not to achieve any outcome); affirming one's importance to the political system; and, for those who find politics interesting and entertaining, researching and making a decision.
Recently, several scholars have considered the possibility that B includes not only a personal interest in the outcome, but also a concern for the welfare of others in the society (or at least other members of one's favorite group or party).
In particular, experiments in which subject altruism was measured using a dictator game showed that concern for the well-being of others is a major factor in predicting turnout and political participation.
The most straightforward example of this is known as the No-Show Paradox, which can occur in both large and small electorates.
High voter turnout is often considered to be desirable, though among political scientists and economists specializing in public choice, the issue is still debated.
Opposition parties sometimes boycott votes they feel are unfair or illegitimate, or if the election is for a government that is considered illegitimate.
For example, the Holy See instructed Italian Catholics to boycott national elections for several decades after the creation of the state of Italy.
In some countries, there are threats of violence against those who vote, such as during the 2005 Iraq elections, an example of voter suppression.
Mark N. Franklin contends that in European Union elections opponents of the federation, and of its legitimacy, are just as likely to vote as proponents.
Assuming that low turnout is a reflection of disenchantment or indifference, a poll with very low turnout may not be an accurate reflection of the will of the people.
On the other hand, if low turnout is a reflection of contentment of voters about likely winners or parties, then low turnout is as legitimate as high turnout, as long as the right to vote exists.
The poor, who comprise the majority of the demographic, are more likely to vote than the rich and the middle classes, and turnout is higher in rural areas than urban areas.
For instance, a high voter turnout among the elderly coupled with a low turnout among the young may lead to more money for retirees' health care, and less for youth employment schemes.
Some nations thus have rules that render an election invalid if too few people vote, such as Serbia, where three successive presidential elections were rendered invalid in 2003.
As turnout approaches 90%, it becomes difficult to find significant differences between voters and nonvoters, but in low turnout nations the differences between voters and non-voters can be quite marked.
Turnout differences appear to persist over time; in fact, the strongest predictor of individual turnout is whether or not one voted in the previous election.
As a result, many scholars think of turnout as habitual behavior that can be learned or unlearned, especially among young adults.
The more educated a person is, the more likely they are to vote, even controlling for other factors that are closely associated with education level, such as income and class.
In the past, these factors unquestionably influenced turnout in many nations, but nowadays the consensus among political scientists is that these factors have little effect in Western democracies when education and income differences are taken into account.
A 2018 study found that while education did not increase turnout on average, it did raise turnout among individuals from low socioeconomic status households.
However, since different ethnic groups typically have different levels of education and income, there are important differences in turnout between such groups in many societies.
One issue that arises in continent-spanning nations, such as Australia, Canada, the United States and Russia, is that of time zones.
Canada banned the broadcasting of election results in any region where the polls have not yet closed; this ban was upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada.
In several recent Australian national elections, the citizens of Western Australia knew which party would form the new government up to an hour before the polling booths in their State closed.
Elections where control of the national executive is not at stake generally have much lower turnouts—often half that for general elections.
Municipal and provincial elections, and by-elections to fill casual vacancies, typically have lower turnouts, as do elections for the parliament of the supranational European Union, which is separate from the executive branch of the EU's government.
With an intensely polarized electorate and all polls showing a close finish between President George W. Bush and Democratic challenger John F. Kerry, the turnout in the 2004 U.S. presidential election was close to 60%, resulting in a record number of popular votes for both candidates (around 62 million for Bush and 59 million for Kerry).
However, this race also demonstrates the influence that contentious social issues can have on voter turnout; for example, the voter turnout rate in 1860 wherein anti-slavery candidate Abraham Lincoln won the election was the second-highest on record (81.2 percent, second only to 1876, with 81.8 percent).
Also in the United States, incarceration, probation, and a felony record deny 5–6 million Americans of the right to vote, with reforms gradually leading more states to allow people with felony criminal records to vote, while almost none allow incarcerated people to vote.
A 2017 study found that the opening and closing hours of polling places determines the age demographics of turnout: turnout among younger voters is higher the longer polling places are open and turnout among older voters decreases the later polling places open.
The preferences of the population are aligned with a Democratic majority in the Senate as well, Mr. Fraga says, despite the bias toward rural states.
A 2017 experimental study found that by sending registered voters between the ages of 18 and 30 a voter guide containing salient information about candidates in an upcoming election (a list of candidate endorsements and the candidates' policy positions on five issues in the campaign) increased turnout by 0.9 points.
There is research that shows that precipitation can reduce turnout, though this effect is generally rather small, with most studies finding each millimeter of rainfall to reduce turnout by 0.015 to 0.1 percentage points.
Studies from the Netherlands and Germany have also found weather-related turnout decreases to benefit the right, while a Spanish study found a reverse relationship.
The season and the day of the week (although many nations hold all their elections on the same weekday) can also affect turnout.
It is extremely rare for factors such as competitiveness, weather, and time of year to cause an increase or decrease in turnout of more than five percentage points, far smaller than the differences between groups within society, and far smaller than turnout differentials between nations.
Some scholars recently argued that the decision to vote in the United States has very strong heritability, using twin studies of validated turnout in Los Angeles and self-reported turnout in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to establish that.
They suggest that genetics could help to explain why parental turnout is such a strong predictor of voting in young people, and also why voting appears to be habitual.
Further, they suggest, if there is an innate predisposition to vote or abstain, this would explain why past voting behavior is such a good predictor of future voter reaction.
Two genes that influence social behavior have been directly associated with voter turnout, specifically those regulating the serotonin system in the brain via the production of monoamine oxidase and 5HTT.
Once these errors were corrected, there was no longer any statistically significant association between common variants of these two genes and voter turnout.
According to a 2018 study, get-out-the-vote groups in the United States who emphasize ballot secrecy along with reminders to vote increase turnout by about 1 percentage point among recently registered nonvoters.
Based on all parliamentary elections between 1945 and 1997, Western Europe averages a 77% turnout, and South and Central America around 54%.
Elections require considerable involvement by the population, and it takes some time to develop the cultural habit of voting, and the associated understanding of and confidence in the electoral process.
Older people tend to vote more than youths, so societies where the average age is somewhat higher, such as Europe; have higher turnouts than somewhat younger countries such as the United States.
In countries that are highly multicultural and multilingual, it can be difficult for national election campaigns to engage all sectors of the population.
Nations with a party specifically geared towards the working class will tend to have higher turnouts among that class than in countries where voters have only big tent parties, which try to appeal to all the voters, to choose from.
A four-wave panel study conducted during the 2010 Swedish national election campaign, show (1) clear differences in media use between age groups and (2) that both political social media use and attention to political news in traditional media increase political engagement over time.
Rules and laws are also generally easier to change than attitudes, so much of the work done on how to improve voter turnout looks at these factors.
The salience of an election, the effect that a vote will have on policy, and its proportionality, how closely the result reflects the will of the people, are two structural factors that also likely have important effects on turnout.
The register was compiled in October, and would come into force the next February, and would remain valid until the next January.
The electoral register would become progressively more out of date during its period of validity, as electors moved or died (also people studying or working away from home often had difficulty voting).
This meant that elections taking place later in the year tended to have lower turnouts than those earlier in the year.
The introduction of rolling registration where the register is updated monthly has reduced but not entirely eliminated this issue since the process of amending the register is not automatic, and some individuals do not join the electoral register until the annual October compilation process.
In comparison, the introduction of individual electoral registration in the UK was thought to have negatively affected the number of eligible citizens on the register and voter turnout.
Similarly, in Nordic countries, all citizens and residents are included in the official population register, which is simultaneously a tax list, voter registration, and membership in the universal health system.
In Australia, voter registration and attendance at a polling booth have been mandatory since the 1920s, with the most recent federal election in 2016 having turnout figures of 91% for the House of Representatives and 91.9% for the Senate.
If a Bolivian voter fails to participate in an election, the citizen may be denied withdrawal of their salary from the bank for three months.
In Luxembourg only voters below the age of 75 and those who are not physically handicapped or chronically ill have the legal obligation to vote.
From 1946 to 1992, thus, the Italian electoral law included light sanctions for non-voters (lists of non-voters were posted at polling stations).
Turnout rates have not declined substantially since 1992 in Italy, though, pointing to other factors than compulsory voting to explain high electoral participation.
Mark N. Franklin argues that salience, the perceived effect that an individual vote will have on how the country is run, has a significant effect on turnout.
The government invariably consists of a coalition of parties, and the power wielded by a party is far more closely linked to its position relative to the coalition than to the number of votes it received.
Individual votes for the federal legislature are thus unlikely to have a significant effect on the nation, which probably explains the low average turnouts in that country.
By contrast Malta, with one of the world's highest voter turnouts, has a single legislature that holds a near monopoly on political power.
On the other hand, countries with a two-party system can experience low turnout if large numbers of potential voters perceive little real difference between the main parties.
If voters feel that the result of an election is more likely to be determined by fraud and corruption than by the will of the people, fewer people will vote.
Another institutional factor that may have an important effect is proportionality, i.e., how closely the legislature reflects the views of the populace.
Under a pure proportional representation system the composition of the legislature is fully proportional to the votes of the populace and a voter can be sure that of being represented in parliament, even if only from the opposition benches.
By contrast, a voting system based on single seat constituencies (such as the plurality system used in North America, the UK and India) will tend to result in many non-competitive electoral districts, in which the outcome is seen by voters as a foregone conclusion.
For instance, after the 2005 German election, the creation of the executive not only expressed the will of the voters of the majority party but also was the result of political deal-making.
Although there is no guarantee, this is lessened as the parties usually state with whom they will favour a coalition after the elections.
Political scientists are divided on whether proportional representation increases voter turnout, though in countries with proportional representation voter turnout is higher.
There are other systems that attempt to preserve both salience and proportionality, for example, the Mixed member proportional representation system in New Zealand (in operation since 1996), Germany, and several other countries.
In the United States and most Latin American nations, voters must go through separate voter registration procedures before they are allowed to vote.
Other methods of improving turnout include making voting easier through more available absentee polling and improved access to polls, such as increasing the number of possible voting locations, lowering the average time voters have to spend waiting in line, or requiring companies to give workers some time off on voting day.
The idea would be that voter turnout would increase because people could cast their vote from the comfort of their own homes, although the few experiments with Internet voting have produced mixed results.
In low-turnout Switzerland, the average voter is invited to go to the polls an average of seven times a year; the United States has frequent elections, with two votes per year on average, if one includes all levels of government as well as primaries.
Holding multiple elections at the same time can increase turnout; however, presenting voters with massive multipage ballots, as occurs in some parts of the United States, can reduce turnouts.
There are difficulties in measuring both the numerator, the number of voters who cast votes, and the denominator, the number of voters eligible to vote.
For the numerator, it is often assumed that the number of voters who went to the polls should equal the number of ballots cast, which in turn should equal the number of votes counted, but this is not the case.
Some may be turned away because they are ineligible, some may be turned away improperly, and some who sign the voting register may not actually cast ballots.
Furthermore, voters who do cast ballots may abstain, deliberately voting for nobody, or they may spoil their votes, either accidentally or as an act of protest.
In the United States, it has been common to report turnout as the sum of votes for the top race on the ballot, because not all jurisdictions report the actual number of people who went to the polls nor the number of undervotes or overvotes.
Overvote rates of around 0.3 percent are typical of well-run elections, but in Gadsden County Florida, the overvote rate was 11 percent in November 2000.
For the denominator, it is often assumed that the number of eligible voters was well defined, but again, this is not the case.
In the United States, for example, there is no accurate registry of exactly who is eligible to vote, since only about 70–75% of people choose to register themselves.
Some political scientists have argued that these measures do not properly account for the large number of Legal Permanent Residents, illegal aliens, disenfranchised felons and persons who are considered 'mentally incompetent' in the United States, and that American voter turnout is higher than is normally reported.
Even in countries with fewer restrictions on the franchise, VAP turnout can still be biased by large numbers of non-citizen residents, often under-reporting turnout by as much as 10 percentage points.
Professor Michael P. McDonald constructed an estimation of the turnout against the 'voting eligible population' (VEP), instead of the 'voting age population' (VAP).
For the American presidential elections of 2004, turnout could then be expressed as 60.32% of VEP, rather than 55.27% of VAP.
This does not eliminate uncertainty in the eligible population because this system has been shown to be unreliable, with a large number of eligible but unregistered citizens, creating inflated turnout figures.
One can count the number of voters, or one can count the number of ballots, and in a vote-for-one race, one can sum the number of votes for each candidate.
These are not necessarily identical because not all voters who sign in at the polls necessarily cast ballots, although they ought to, and because voters may cast spoiled ballots.
During this same period, other forms of political participation have also declined, such as voluntary participation in political parties and the attendance of observers at town meetings.
The decline in voting has also accompanied a general decline in civic participation, such as church attendance, membership in professional, fraternal, and student societies, youth groups, and parent-teacher associations.
Before the late 20th century, suffrage — the right to vote — was so limited in most nations that turnout figures have little relevance to today.
The U.S. saw a steady rise in voter turnout during the century, reaching its peak in the years after the Civil War.
In Europe, voter turnouts steadily increased from the introduction of universal suffrage before peaking in the mid-to-late 1960s, with modest declines since then.
These declines have been smaller than those in the United States, and in some European countries turnouts have remained stable and even slightly increased.
According to a study by the Heritage Foundation, Americans report on average an additional 7.9 hours of leisure time per week since 1965.
Furthermore, according to a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, increases in wages and employment actually decrease voter turnout in gubernatorial elections and do not affect national races.
Potential voters' perception that they are busier is common and might be just as important as a real decrease in leisure time.
There are often barriers to voting in a district where one is a recent arrival, and a new arrival is likely to know little about the local candidate and local issues.
Francis Fukuyama has blamed the welfare state, arguing that the decrease in turnout has come shortly after the government became far more involved in people's lives.
However, on an international level those states with the most extensive social programs tend to be the ones with the highest turnouts.
However, the first signs of decreasing voter turnout occurred in the early 1960s, which was before the major upheavals of the late 1960s and 1970s.
Rosenstone and Hansen contend that the decline in turnout in the United States is the product of a change in campaigning strategies as a result of the so-called new media.
Before the introduction of television, almost all of a party's resources would be directed towards intensive local campaigning and get out the vote initiatives.
In the modern era, these resources have been redirected to expensive media campaigns in which the potential voter is a passive participant.
During the same period, negative campaigning has become ubiquitous in the United States and elsewhere and has been shown to impact voter turnout.
The evidence for this is mixed: elections involving highly unpopular incumbents generally have high turnout; some studies have found that mudslinging and character attacks reduce turnout, but that substantive attacks on a party's record can increase it.
Part of the reason for voter decline in the recent 2016 election is likely because of restrictive voting laws around the country.
Barbour and Wright also believe that one of the causes is restrictive voting laws but they call this system of laws regulating the electorate.
In 2008 the Supreme Court made a crucial decision regarding Indiana's voter ID law in saying that it does not violate the constitution.
For instance Elections Canada has launched mass media campaigns to encourage voting prior to elections, as have bodies in Taiwan and the United Kingdom.
Google theorizes that individuals in this category suffer from voter apathy, as they are interested in political life but believe that their individual effect would be negligible.
In a 2001 article in the American Political Science Review, Michael McDonald and Samuel Popkin argued, that at least in the United States, voter turnout since 1972 has not actually declined when calculated for those eligible to vote, what they term the voting-eligible population.
Ineligible voters are not evenly distributed across the country – 20% of California's voting-age population is ineligible to vote – which confounds comparisons of states.
Furthermore, they argue that an examination of the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey shows that turnout is low but not declining among the youth, when the high youth turnout of 1972 (the first year 18- to 20-year-olds were eligible to vote in most states) is removed from the trendline.
The exact areas to which they were native are uncertain, since they were apparently pre-literate and the only references to them are in ancient Greek sources.
They are distinguished from the Carians, with whom some later writers confused them; they have a king, Altes, and a city Pedasus which was sacked by Achilles.
Pausanias was reminded that the temple of the goddess at Ephesus predated the Ionian colony there, when it was rededicated to the goddess as Artemis.
He states with certainty that it antedated the Ionic immigration by many years, being older even than the oracular shrine at Dodona.
He says that the pre-Ionic inhabitants of the city were Leleges and Lydians (with a predominance of the latter) and that, although Androclus drove out of the land all those whom he found in the upper city, he did not interfere with those who dwelt about the sanctuary.
The fourth-century BC historian Philippus of Theangela suggested that the Leleges maintained connections to Messenia, Laconia, Locris and other regions in mainland Greece, after they were overcome by the Carians in Asia Minor.
Meanwhile, other writers from the 4th century onwards claimed to discover them in Boeotia, west Acarnania (Leucas), and later again in Thessaly, Euboea, Megara, Lacedaemon and Messenia.
In Messenia, they were reputed to have been immigrant founders of Pylos, and were connected with the seafaring Taphians and Teleboans, and distinguished from the Pelasgians.
Perhaps this is the result of some early migration; perhaps it is also the cause of these Lelegian theories; perhaps there was a widespread pre-Indo-European culture that loosely linked these regions, a possibility on which much modern hypothesis has been constructed.
The majority of the species are native to Africa, with a few in southern Asia through to northern Australia with two species in tropical Central America.
Tormentilla erecta, Potentilla laeta, Potentilla tormentilla, known as the (common) tormentil, septfoil or erect cinquefoil ) is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae).
It grows wild predominantly in Scandinavia, Europe, and western Asia mostly on acid soils in a wide variety of habitats, such as mountains, heaths, meadows, sandy soils and dunes.
The radical leaves have a long petiole, while the leaves on the flowering stalks are usually sessile or with short petioles.
The plant is particularly used in herbal medicine as an astringent because of its tannin content, which is unusually high for a herbaceous plant.
they are sea snails (marine gastropod mollusks) that over evolutionary time have either completely lost their shells, or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a greatly reduced or internal shell.
The often bright colors of reef-dwelling species implies that these are under constant threat of predators, but the color can serve as a warning to other animals of the sea slug's toxic stinging cells or offensive taste.
Most sea slugs have two pairs of tentacles on their head used primarily for sense of smell, with a small eye at the base of each tentacle.
All species of genuine sea slugs have a selected prey animal on which they specialize for food, including certain jellyfish, bryozoans, sea anemones, and plankton as well as other species of sea slugs.
These may be the most familiar sort of sea slug, at least to scuba divers; nudibranchs, although most are not large, are often very eye-catching because so many of species have brilliant coloration.
Most sea hares have several defenses; in addition to being naturally toxic, they can eject a foul ink or secrete a viscous slime to deter predators.
Launched by Queen Elizabeth II on Trafalgar Day 1960 and commissioned into service with the Royal Navy in April 1963, she continued in service until 1980.
The submarine was powered by a S5W reactor, a design made available as a direct result of the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement.
The Royal Navy had been researching designs for nuclear propulsion plants since 1946, but this work was suspended indefinitely in October 1952.
The Admiralty appreciated the utility of such vessels and under the drive of the First Sea Lord, Admiral The Earl Mountbatten of Burma and the Flag Officer Submarines, Sir Wilfred Woods, plans were formed to build nuclear-powered submarines.
Although Rickover wished to supply the third generation S3W reactor of the , Mountbatten exerted his influence and the entire machinery system for an American , with its fifth generation S5W reactor, was obtained.
On 31 August 1960, the UK's second nuclear-powered submarine was ordered from Vickers Armstrong and, fitted with Rolls-Royce's PWR1 nuclear plant, was the first all-British nuclear submarine.
She was at Gibraltar in 1965, 1966, and 1967, and on 19 September 1967, she left Rosyth, Scotland for Singapore on a sustained high-speed run.
On 10 September 1970, she completed a major refit at Rosyth, in the course of which her nuclear core was refuelled and her ballast tank valves were changed to reduce noise.
Brought to the United States with South Korean immigrants, it is celebrated in its native land for its fierce loyalty and brave nature.
The Jindo breed became recognized by the United Kennel Club on January 1, 1998 and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 2005.
Distinguishing the Jindo breed from mixes and other breeds is often done by close examination of cranial and facial features and by analyzing the proportion of the head to the body.
The KNDA also recognizes a third body type called Gakgol which is a gradually emerging combination of the two traditional types, retaining the length of body of the Hudu and the depth of chest of the Tonggol.
The United Kennel Club recognizes six different coat colors: white, red fawn, wolf grey, black, black and tan, and brindle (tiger pattern).
Desirable height at maturity, measured at the withers, ranges from 19½ to 21 inches (or 48 to 53 cm) for males and 18½ to 20 inches (or 45 to 50 cm) for females.
The typical weight range for a male Jindo in good condition is 40 to 60 pounds (18 to 27 kg); for a female, 35 to 55 pounds (16 to 25 kg).
The hair on the underside of the tail is thick, stiff, abundant, and twice as long as the coat on the shoulders, which causes the hair to fan outward when the tail is up.
If kept in a yard, the fencing must be at least 6 feet high due to their strong hind legs that enable them to jump high.
In 1962, the Government of South Korea designated the Jindo as the 53rd 'Natural Treasure' (or translated as 'Natural Monument') (천연기념물; 天然記念物) and passed the Jindo Preservation Ordinance.
The Jindo Dogs Guild of Korea (), as of 2008, issues certificates of pure Korean Jindo Dog, which specifies the registered number of the mother, sex, and birth date of the dog, as well as breeder's address and whether the dog is of purebred.
Besides the usual prey of medium to large game, their hunting prowess is displayed in a legend of three Jindos that killed a Siberian tiger.
There have been anecdotal reports of Korean owners being awakened by their Jindo one morning to be led deep into the forest to a deer the dog had taken down alone.
A master with a loyal pack could hunt without much trouble at all, for when the pack brings down a deer, boar or other target, one of them returns to the master to lead him to the prey, while the others stand guard against scavengers.
It is because Jindo dogs' hunting instincts are too strong (they can forget their mission because of their hunting instincts), and they usually give their loyalty only to the first owner, while handlers of search dogs and rescue dogs can frequently change.
In 2010, Son Min-suk (손민석), a member of Korean Security Forum, wrote that most of Korean military dogs were German Shepherds, and that Jindo dogs were not fit for military dogs as they were highly likely to escape their duties to find their first handlers who might be discharged from military services, or to come back to their original home.
In October 2010, the Los Angeles Police Department announced their intent to evaluate the Jindo dog breed for law enforcement service, specifically for patrol and detection service.
After a year of trying, the trainers found that the dogs did not have the right disposition for police work because they were too easily distracted and too eager to please their masters.
In 1993, a 7-year-old female Jindo named Baekgu (백구; 白狗; translated as a White Dog), raised by Park Bok-dan (박복단), an 83-year-old woman on Jindo Island, was sold to a new owner in the city of Daejeon which is located about 300 km (180 mi) away from the island.
Baekgu remained with her original owner, who decided to keep the loyal dog, until the dog died of natural causes 7 years later.
The story was a national sensation in South Korea and was made into cartoons, a TV documentary, and a children's storybook.
Another Jindo, also named Baekgu, a 4-year-old male at the time who lived alone with his owner Park Wan-suh (박완서) residing on Jindo Island, did not eat anything and mourned for his dead owner for seven days after the owner died from a liver disease in June 2000.
The Korean Jindo Dog Research Institute (진돗개 시험연구소) brought him under its care, but a person related to the Institute announced that the dog would not interact with anyone except for his feeder as of 2005.
Dragon's blood was used as a dye, painting pigment, and medicine (respiratory and gastrointestinal problems) in the Mediterranean basin, and was held by early Greeks, Romans, and Arabs to have medicinal properties.
In modern times it is still used as a varnish for violins, in photoengraving, as an incense resin, and as a body oil.
It was also used to colour the surface of writing paper for banners and posters, used especially for weddings and for Chinese New Year.
In American Hoodoo, African-American folk magic, and New Orleans voodoo, it is used in mojo hands for money-drawing or love-drawing, and is used as incense to cleanse a space of negative entities or influences.
At Liverpool he also won an UEFA Cup, FA Cup and League Cup treble in 2001 as well as the 2003 League Cup.
An attacking midfielder, Šmicer first shot to prominence in 1996, helping Slavia Prague reach the semi-finals of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup and then starring for the Czech Republic during their run to the final of UEFA Euro 1996.
Šmicer did not have to wait for notice at Euro 1996, as he signed a contract with French club Lens prior to the tournament.
While at Lens, he enjoyed more success, inspiring the club to a first ever French title in 1997–98, their only title to date.
Šmicer joined Liverpool for a fee of £4.2 million, recruited to fill the void left by the departure of Steve McManaman to Real Madrid.
Upon arriving at Anfield in 1999, Šmicer was given the number 7 shirt, although he would later switch to number 11 after the arrival of Harry Kewell.
He made his Liverpool debut in a match against Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough Stadium and scored his first Premier League goal in a 3–2 away win against Watford.
His first campaign at Liverpool, however, was a difficult one as he struggled to come to terms with the pace of the English game and suffered a succession of injuries.
He scored his first Premier League goal of the season in a 4–3 loss to Leeds United at Elland Road and contributed to Liverpool's treble, starting in the FA Cup and League Cup finals and appearing as a substitute in the UEFA Cup final.
Unfortunately, Šmicer was plagued with injury problems and a lack of consistency meant he was in and out of the team.
However, there were some memorable moments for the Czech, including the last minute winner against Chelsea in 2002, and a stunning volley against Borussia Dortmund in Europe, along with his impressive performance in the 2–0 win over Roma in the Champions League at Anfield.
He returned to fitness in the 2004–05 season and, due to a severe injury crisis at the club, Šmicer began to feature prominently for Liverpool under new manager Rafael Benítez.
His playing return coincided with Liverpool's quest for the Champions League as he made substitute appearances against Bayer Leverkusen, Juventus and Chelsea as Liverpool qualified for the Champions League final against Milan.
I was free in my head and that was my motivation – to do well for the club in my last match.
At that time the scoreline was 1–0 to Milan and Liverpool then went on to go 3–0 down at half time, but in the second half, Liverpool managed to command more of the pitch and just past the hour mark when Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard pulled a goal back from a John Arne Riise cross.
He indicated his delight at returning to Anfield, although injury barred him from playing a part in either of the two matches between the sides.
After another long recovery, Šmicer did not extend his contract in Bordeaux and left the club in the summer of 2007.
He officially made farewell with professional football career at Synot Tip Arena in Prague on 11 May 2010, at the friendly match Slavia Prague – Sparta Prague, featuring legendary players of both clubs.
He was an essential player in three UEFA European Championships for the Czech Republic, in total earning 80 caps and scoring 27 goals.
He also has one cap for the Representation of Czechs and Slovaks team (the combined team of the Czech Republic and Slovakia after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, as the nations started the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification as the unified country).
The Czechs were down 3–2 in a game against Russia and needed to draw in order to qualify for the play-off rounds.
Šmicer was only the second player to score at three European Championships (1996, 2000 and 2004), after Jürgen Klinsmann (1988, 1992 and 1996).
Although he did not play at Euro 2008, Šmicer made his debut as a television commentator during the tournament's opening match between hosts Switzerland and his native Czech Republic, held 7 June in Basel.
Just one day after retiring from football, Šmicer became sports manager of the Czech national team, working alongside head coach Michal Bílek.
Šmicer stood for minor Czech party VIZE 2014 in the European Parliament election; his stated priority was to reduce obesity among children.
In contrast to associative learning the behavioral change is not caused by the animals learning that a particular temporal association occurs between the stimuli.
Central pathways are activated by weak stimuli applied at some distance from the target effector structure and peripheral pathways are activated when the stimuli is applied at a distance or directly on the target effector structure.
A stimulus to the siphon (weak or moderate) is mediated by abdominal ganglion (55%) and by peripheral motor neurons (45%) and is activated simultaneously.
Stimulation of the cells named L7, LD, LD and RD results in large gill contractions and stimulation of L9 and L9 produces smaller contractions.
Throughout his career, he has played for Bayern Munich, Newcastle United, Liverpool and Manchester City primarily in a defensive midfield position.
He was a member of the German national tea, from 1997 until 2006 and represented his nation in two FIFA World Cups and two UEFA European Championships, reaching the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final.
He is known in Ireland as a football pundit on Raidió Teilifís Éireann's live coverage of major European and International competitions.
He is highly respected by supporters of Liverpool due in large part to his involvement in the club's victory in the 2005 Champions League Final.
He resigned from the post on 7 November 2011 after only four months with Stockport struggling in 17th place in the Conference Premier citing failure of a proposed takeover by Tony Evans.
After impressing as a junior, he joined Bayern Munich as a 16-year-old in 1989 and debuted for the Bayern professional team in 1993.
Hamann joined a team led by Lothar Matthäus, Thomas Helmer, Christian Ziege and Oliver Kahn and played five games, mostly as a right winger.
In the next season, Bayern suffered a major injury wave which claimed midfielders Matthäus, Swiss international Alain Sutter, talent Dieter Frey and veteran Markus Schupp, which allowed Hamann to become a regular; he played 30 Bundesliga games and established himself as a valuable role player, playing either right wing or defensive midfield.
He earned himself a full professional contract and was an important player in the tumultuous 1995–96 campaign, in which Bayern recruited striker Jürgen Klinsmann, coach Otto Rehhagel and midfielders Andreas Herzog, Thomas Strunz and Ciriaco Sforza, but the team was torn apart by heavy internal struggles.
Although Hamann was overshadowed by these new midfield recruits, he played in 20 games and provided some stability for the infighting Bayern squad.
After being a bench player most of his career until then, new coach Giovanni Trappatoni made him a starting defensive midfielder, and new recruit Mario Basler took the right wing.
Hamann played in 23 games, also making his debut in the German national team and won his second German championship with Bayern.
In private life, Hamann had to overcome a scary period when he broke down unconscious and was diagnosed with a stroke, but made a full recovery.
After playing for his country in the 1998 World Cup, he joined Newcastle United, managed at the time by Kenny Dalglish, for £5.5 million.
In the 2000–01 season, Hamann won his first big English trophy when Liverpool won a much-celebrated cup treble (League Cup, FA Cup and UEFA Cup) and a place in the Champions League.
Hamann also played the full 90 minutes and assisted Liverpool's second goal (scored by Michael Owen) in the team's 2-0 victory over Manchester United in the 2003 Worthington Cup final.
Although he was suffering a broken toe during the final, Hamann's substitution for Steve Finnan at half time was the catalyst for Liverpool's historic fightback.
The team rallied after being 3–0 down to bring the game back to 3–3 and finally won in the penalty shootout; Hamann also showed a great amount of composure and bravery, as he took and converted the first LFC penalty with his broken foot.
Earlier in the tournament, Hamann had been forced to stand in for Liverpool's key player Steven Gerrard in the first leg of the last 16 round against Bayer Leverkusen.
He more than played his part in another trophy win for the Reds, who were 3–2 down to West Ham United at the time he came on.
In June 2006, Hamann was given permission to talk to Bolton Wanderers about a potential transfer to the North West club.
On 13 February, he signed a contract until the end of the 2008–09 season and scored his first goal for the club in a UEFA Cup qualifying first round match against EB/Streymur.
Hamann played for Germany at under-21 level before making his full international debut in a friendly against South Africa in November 1997.
He was selected by manager Berti Vogts for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, being, at almost 25, the second youngest player in an over-aged Germany squad.
During the group stage, Hamann drifted in and out of the starting XI, finally breaking into the team when Germany gained momentum in the second round game against Mexico.
Hamann was the last player to score at the old Wembley Stadium before its demolition when he scored the winning goal in Germany's qualifier for the 2002 World Cup against England in October 2000.
Alongside Michael Ballack and Bernd Schneider, Hamann was one of the key players in Germany's surprising run to the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final.
He became the third Liverpool player since Roger Hunt in 1966 and Karl-Heinz Riedle in 1990 to play in a World Cup Final, but finished on the losing side as Brazil won 2–0 in Yokohama.
In the 67th minute of that match, Hamann lost the ball to opposing forward Ronaldo, who passed to Rivaldo, who shot from outside the area; goalkeeper Oliver Kahn gave a rebound, allowing Ronaldo to score and give Brazil a 1–0 lead.
After a strong performance in the 2005 Champions League final, Hamann was recalled for the Germany squad by new manager Jürgen Klinsmann.
In the 2–2 draw against the Netherlands, Hamann produced a lacklustre performance, apparently convincing Klinsmann that he did not possess the required pace for that kind of level anymore.
Having not been selected for the German squad in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, he decided to officially retire from international football.
On 5 July 2011, Hamann was appointed as the new manager of newly relegated Conference Premier club Stockport County, replacing Ray Mathias.
In his first league game in charge of Stockport, Hamann's side drew 1–1 with Forest Green Rovers at The New Lawn.
Hamann resigned as Stockport County boss on 7 November 2011, citing the failure of the proposed takeover by Tony Evans to materialise; his team were languishing in 17th place having taken only three wins from his nineteen league games in charge.
Hamann was enlisted by RTÉ Sport for their squad of pundits ahead of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.
He has also appeared on Sky Sports's football coverage as a pundit, usually when the match involves a club he has played for, most commonly Liverpool, and has also appeared regularly on LFC TV during their live pre-game and post game analysis of Liverpool home games from Anfield.
He was again part of RTÉ Sport's studio coverage for the finals of UEFA Euro 2016, beginning with an appearance for the opening night match between tournament hosts France and Romania.
In assessing Ireland's chances for the tournament, Hamann also said he had been in Dublin to see Ireland beat world champions Germany during the qualifying campaign.
He was additionally retained by RTÉ Sport as a studio pundit for Champions League and Irish International games for the full football season 2016–2017, having been an occasional pundit on Champions League matches during the 2015-16 season.
Hamann is also the European columnist for twentyfour7 Football Magazine, where he passes regular comment on the progress and state of the game on the continent.
He released his autobiography, '′The Didi Man: My love affair with Liverpool′' co-written with Malcolm McClean, in February 2012 and it became a Sunday Times Best Seller.
After retiring in February 2011 and managing Stockport County in July 2011, Hamann went back to playing football, and this time for amateur-side TuS Haltern.
Hamann enjoys cricket and once played for Alderley Edge CC 2nd XI vs Neston CC 2nd XI in the Cheshire County Cricket League, taking a catch in the game.
On 23 February 2010, the former German international was found guilty of DUI and sentenced to a 16-month driving ban while also being fined nearly £2 000.
He had been stopped by police at junction six of the M56 near his home in Styal, Cheshire, at 12.15 am on 12 July 2009.
In cooperation with Standard Chartered Bank, an institution for which he also acted as an ambassador, Hamann hosted a football clinic in Nigeria.
The Árpáds or Arpads (, , , , ) was the ruling dynasty of the Principality of Hungary in the 9th and 10th centuries and of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1301.
The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Árpád who was the head of the Hungarian tribal federation during the conquest of the Carpathian Basin, c. 895.
Both the first Grand Prince of the Hungarians (Álmos) and the first king of Hungary (Saint Stephen) were members of the dynasty.
The dynasty came to end in 1301 with the death of King Andrew III of Hungary, while the last member of the House of Árpád, Andrew's daughter, Blessed Elizabeth of Töss, died in 1336 or 1338.
All of the subsequent kings of Hungary (with the exception of King Matthias Corvinus) were cognatic descendants of the Árpád dynasty.
The House of Croÿ and the Drummond family of Scotland claim to descend from Princes Géza and George, sons of medieval Hungarian kings: Géza II and Andrew I, respectively.
Álmos probably accepted the supremacy of the Khagan of the Khazars in the beginning of his rule, but, by 862, the Magyar tribal federation broke free from the Khazar Khaganate.
Around 895, the women and cattle of the Magyar warriors battling in the west were attacked by the Pechenegs, forcing them to leave their territories east of the Carpathian Mountains; the Magyars moved into the Carpathian Basin.
Álmos's death was probably ritual sacrifice, practiced by steppe peoples when the spiritual ruler lost his charisma, and he was followed by his son, Árpád.
Between 899 and 970, the Magyars frequently conducted raids into the territories of present-day Italy, Germany, France and Spain and into the lands of the Byzantine Empire.
Such activities continued westwards until the Battle of Lechfeld (955), when Otto, King of the Germans destroyed their troops; their raids against the Byzantine Empire ended in 970.
From 917, the Magyars made raids into several territories at the same time, which may have led to the disintegration their tribal federation.
The sources prove the existence of at least three and possibly five groups of tribes within the tribal federation, and only one of them was led directly by the Árpáds.
The list of the Grand Princes of the Magyars in the first half of the 10th century is incomplete, which may also prove a lack of central government within their tribal federation.
The medieval chronicles mention that Grand Prince Árpád was followed by his son, Zoltán, but contemporary sources only refer to Grand Prince Fajsz (around 950).
After the defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld, Grand Prince Taksony (in or after 955 – before 972) adopted the policy of isolation from the Western countries – in contrast to his son, Grand Prince Géza (before 972–997) who may have sent envoys to Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor in 973.
Géza was baptised in 972, and although he never became a convinced Christian, the new faith started to spread among the Hungarians during his reign.
Stephen had to face the rebellion of his relative, Koppány, who claimed Géza's inheritance based on the Magyar tradition of agnatic seniority.
The Grand Prince Stephen was crowned on December 25, 1000, or January 1, 1001), becoming the first King of Hungary (1000–1038) and founder of the state.
When King Stephen I died on August 15, 1038, Peter Orseolo ascended to the throne, but he had to struggle with King Stephen's brother-in-law, Samuel Aba (1041–1044).
King Peter's rule ended in 1046 when an extensive revolt of the pagan Hungarians broke out and he was captured by them.
With the assistance of the pagans, Duke Vazul's son, Andrew, who had been living in exile in the Kievan Rus' and had been baptized there, seized power and was crowned; thus, a member of a collateral branch of the dynasty seized the crown.
In the 11th century, the counties entrusted to the members of the ruling dynasty did not form a separate province within the kingdom, but they were organized around two or three centers.
King Andrew I was the first king who had his son, Solomon crowned during his life in order to ensure his son's succession (1057).
However, the principle of agnatic primogeniture was not able to overcome the tradition of seniority, and following King Andrew I, his brother, King Béla I (1060–1063) acquired the throne despite the claims of the young Solomon.
Duke Géza rebelled against his cousin in 1074 and was proclaimed king by his partisans in accordance with the principle of seniority.
King Ladislaus I (1077–1095) managed to persuade King Solomon, who had been ruling in some western counties, to abdicate the throne.
During his reign, the Kingdom of Hungary strengthened and Ladislaus I was able to expand his rule over neighboring Kingdom of Croatia (1091).
On 20 August 1083, two members of the dynasty, King Stephen I and his son, Duke Emeric, were canonized in Székesfehérvár upon the initiative of King Ladislaus I.
Around 1115, the king had Duke Álmos and his son, King Béla, blinded in order to ensure the succession of his own son, King Stephen II (1116–1131).
King Stephen II did not father any sons, and his sister's son Saul was proclaimed heir to his throne instead of the blind Duke Béla.
King Béla II (1131–1141) strengthened his rule by defeating King Coloman's alleged son, Boris, who endeavoured to deprive him of the throne with foreign military assistance.
King Béla II occupied some territories in Bosnia, and he conceded the new territory in appanage to his younger son, Ladislaus.
His son, King Stephen III (1162–1172) had to struggle for his throne against his uncles, Kings Ladislaus II (1162–1163) and Stephen IV (1163–1165), who rebelled against him with the assistance of the Byzantine Empire.
Following the death of King Stephen III, King Béla III (1173–1196) ascended the throne, but he had imprisoned his brother Géza in order to secure his rule.
In 1188, Béla occupied Halych, whose prince had been dethroned by his boyars, and granted the principality to his second son Andrew, but his rule became unpopular and the Hungarian troops were expelled from Halych in 1189.
King Béla III bequeathed his kingdom intact to his elder son, King Emeric (1196–1204), but the new king had to concede Croatia and Dalmatia in appanage to his brother Andrew, who had rebelled against him.
King Emeric married Constance of Aragon, from the house of Barcelona, and he may have followed Barcelonese (Catalan) patterns when he chose his coat-of-arms that would become the Árpáds' familiar badge (an escutcheon barry of eight Gules and Argent).
His son and successor, King Ladislaus III (1204–1205) died in childhood and was followed by his uncle, King Andrew II (1205–1235).
His reign was characterized by permanent internal conflicts: a group of conspirators murdered his queen, Gertrude of Merania (1213); discontent noblemen obliged him to issue the Golden Bull of 1222 establishing their rights (including the right to disobey the king); and he quarreled with his eldest son, Béla who endeavoured to take back the royal domains his father had granted to his followers.
King Andrew II, who had been Prince of Halych (1188–1189), intervened regularly in the internal struggles of the principality and made several efforts to ensure the rule of his younger sons (Coloman or Andrew) in the neighboring country.
One of his daughters, Elizabeth was canonized during his lifetime (July 1, 1235) and thus became the fourth saint of the Árpáds.
Members of the family reigned occasionally in the Principality (later Kingdom) of Halych (1188–1189, 1208–1209, 1214–1219, 1227–1229, 1231–1234) and in the Duchy of Styria (1254–1260).
King Béla IV managed to occupy the Duchy of Styria for a short period (1254–1260), but later he had to abandon it in favour of King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
During his last years, he was struggling with his son, Stephen who was crowned during his lifetime and obliged his father to concede the eastern parts of the kingdom to him.
Two of his daughters, Margaret and Kinga were canonized (in 1943 and 1999 respectively) and a third daughter of his, Yolanda was beatified (in 1827).
They returned during the reign of his son, King Ladislaus IV the Cuman (1272–1290) whose reign was characterized by internal conflicts among the members of different aristocratic groups.
King Ladislaus IV, whose mother was of Cuman origin, preferred the companion of the nomadic and semi-pagan Cumans; therefore, he was excommunicated several times, but he was murdered by Cuman assassins.
The disintegration of the kingdom started during his reign when several aristocrats endeavoured to acquire possessions on the account of the royal domains.
When King Ladislaus IV died, most of his contemporaries thought that the dynasty of the Árpáds had come to an end, because the only patrilineal descendant of the family, Andrew, was the son of Duke Stephen, the posthumous son of King Andrew II who had been disowned by his brothers.
His daughter, Elizabeth, the last member of the family, died on May 6, 1338; she is venerated by the Roman Catholic Church.
Following the death of King Andrew III, several claimants started to struggle for the throne; finally, King Charles I (the grandson of King Stephen V's daughter) managed to strengthen his position around 1310.
Henceforward, all the kings of Hungary (with the exception of King Matthias Corvinus) were matrilineal or cognate descendants of the Árpáds.
The most populated coastal regions of Peru are the two parallel mountain ranges and the series of 20 to 30 rivers descending through its coastal desert.
The Inca were a mountain-based culture that expanded when the climate became wetter, often sending conquered peoples down from the mountains into fallow but farmable lowlands.
In contrast, the Moche were a lowland culture that died out after a strong El Niño, which caused abnormally high rainfall and floods followed by a long drought.
A study reported that crops of squash, peanuts, and cotton were domesticated in Peru around 10,000, 8,500, and 6,000 years ago, respectively.
On land, it results in a cold mist that covers coastal Peru to the extent that desert plants have adapted to obtain water from the air instead of from (infrequent) rainfall.
Peru does not have a quality control program such as Kenya's, but its government has worked to educate farmers on how to improve quality.
The ancient people of Peru built water-moving and preserving technologies like the aqueducts of Cumbe Mayo (c. 1500 BCE) and the Nazca's underground aqueducts called Puquios (date uncertain), or the terraced gardens of the Huari.
Incans irrigated their fields with a system of reservoirs and cisterns to collect water, which was then distributed by canals and ditches.
In the 19th century the Inca fertilizer guano (saltpetre) became the most important resource in Peru's modern history, for its use as a fertilizer and as gunpowder.
The stock of guano built up because the Humboldt current once drew thousands of anchovies and other fish, which in turn, attracted thousands of birds.
By the late 19th century, 50% of the Peruvian government's revenue was going to pay off loans that been guaranteed with guano sources taken by Chile - these debts were eventually paid by sending all the remaining guano to France when it was preparing for war.
He rose successively through the ranks and tribuneships but, while he was stationed in charge of the Rhenish fleet , the Germans managed to set it on fire.
A stile is a structure or opening that provides people passage over or through a boundary via steps, ladders, or narrow gaps.
Stiles are often built in rural areas along footpaths, fences, walls, or hedges that enclose animals, allowing people to move freely.
Recent changes in UK government policy towards farming has encouraged upland landowners to make access more available to the public, and this has seen an increase in the number of stiles and an improvement in their overall condition.
However stiles are deprecated and are increasingly being replaced by gates or kissing gates or, where the field is arable, the stile removed.
Many legacy stiles remain, however, in a variety of forms (as it also the case in the US, where there is no standard).
As well as having a variety of forms, stiles also sometimes include a 'dog latch' or 'dog gate' to the side of them, which can be lifted to enable a dog to get through (see pictures below).
An alternative form of stile is a squeeze stile, which is commonly used where footpaths cross dry stone walls in England.
With this type of stile there is a vertical gap in the wall, usually no more than wide, and often with stone pillars on either side to protect the structure of the wall.
It encompasses a collection of ironic and absurd essays, anecdotes, conversations and opinions on different cultural subjects, which extend artistic sensibility and development into a comprehensive and cohesive life philosophy that even includes a specifically developed language.
Although Mitki is fictional it draws on the characteristics of real people, combining these to create Mityok, the archetypal member of the Mitki group who acts on the instructions provided by the Mitki script.
The Mitki group consisted of a number of St. Petersburg friends and artists of which were the main members Vladimir Shinkarev, Alexander Florensky and Dmitri Shagin.
The first collective exhibition of Mitki paintings in 1984 ended peacefully, but the second in St. Petersburg was raided by police.
Finally, having finished the book, Mr. Mayer decides to go to Russia, gives up his riches, and joins the Mitki movement.
Of course, one can choose some reconstruction formula first, then either compute some sampling algorithm from the reconstruction formula, or analyze the behavior of a given sampling algorithm with respect to the given formula.
The choice of range formula_15 is somewhat arbitrary, although it satisfies the dimensionality requirement and reflects the usual notion that the most important information is contained in the low frequencies.
1929 - d. 1989) was one of the leading official Zionologists in the Soviet Union; senior fellow in Institute for Philosophy and Law of Belarusian Academy of Sciences; state communist propagandist und member of the Union of Journalists of the USSR.
Begun was only admitted of Soviet censors 1970-1980's writer-Jew to study at universities in the field modern Jewish history and politics in the Middle East.
The Amyrlin Seat, Siuan Sanche, sets Nynaeve, Egwene, and later Elayne, to hunting down the Black Ajah, and therefore to Tear.
This wins him enough money to gamble with and escape from Tar Valon; at which Elayne entrusts Mat with a letter to her mother Queen Morgase.
Mat finds Thom Merrilin, and they together travel to Andor, where Mat delivers the letter and learns of a plot by Queen Morgase's lover, Lord Gaebril, to murder Elayne.
In Tear, Nynaeve, Egwene, and Elayne are betrayed by Juilin Sandar (under the influence of Liandrin) to the Black Ajah and imprisoned in the Stone of Tear, whence they are rescued by Mat and a repentant Juilin.
Instead, nearly all chapters are told from the perspectives of his friends and allies as they race to catch up to him and help him.
This is unusual: Rand is the protagonist of the series and, as the Dragon Reborn, he is the title character of this book.
However, although few chapters are told from his point of view, his presence in the plot is ubiquitous; all major characters in the book are either trying to help him or are working against him.
Bitter entered the University of Chicago in 1919, but chose to leave his studies there in 1922 in order to visit Europe.
He established a magnet laboratory in 1938, where he built a solenoid magnet that produced a constant field of 100,000 gauss (10 teslas).
He often traveled to England to find ways to demagnetize British ships to protect them from a new type of German mine, which used a compass needle to trigger detonation.
The mine, dropped from the air, would sink to the bottom of a river and remain there with its magnetic needle aligned to the Earth's magnetic field at that location.
He became a full professor in 1951, and from 1956 to 1960, he served as associate dean of MIT's school of science.
The Argentine Navy (ARA), particularly its commander-in-chief and Junta member, Admiral Jorge Anaya, was the main architect and supporter of a military solution to resolve the long-standing claim of sovereignty over the islands.
By 1982 the country was already in the midst of a devastating economic crisis and large-scale civil unrest against the repressive government and Anaya, now a member of the ruling Junta, ordered Operation Rosario to be brought forward to 2 April, after a group of Argentina military infiltrated a group of Argentine scrap metal merchants and raised the Argentine flag at South Georgia 19 March.
General Galtieri, acting president, agreed in his intention to mount a quick, symbolic occupation, followed rapidly by a withdrawal, leaving only a small garrison to support the new military governor and force the UK to begin talks on the long-delayed sovereignty claim.
On 2 April an amphibious landing was made at Stanley and on 3 April Argentine marines used helicopters to take over the Georgias.
Whilst the military junta was redeploying the assault units back to their home bases they found the British responded with a large-scale mobilisation to organise a naval task force and ground forces to retake the islands by force.
They were expecting new destroyers, frigates and submarines being built in West Germany and their shipment of French Super Étendards and Exocets were not yet complete.
Vassula Rydén (born January 18, 1942) is an author, public speaker, and self-proclaimed Christian mystic living in Switzerland who says she receives messages from Jesus Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary.
She has developed a large following, particularly among Roman Catholics, who come to her lectures and buy her writings and tapes.
In 1995, the Catholic Church's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), led by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, published a Notification (a message from the Holy See) on the writings of Rydén, saying her communications should not be considered supernatural, and calling all Catholic bishops to prevent Rydén's ideas from being spread in their dioceses.
In 2007, Cardinal William Levada confirmed that the 1995 Notification was still in effect; he recommended that Catholics should not join prayer groups organized by Rydén.
Rydén was born Vassiliki Claudia Pendakis on January 18, 1942, in Heliopolis on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, the daughter of Greek Orthodox parents established in Egypt.
Ryden says that from the age of six, she experienced waking dreams and nightmares that she attributed to Satan who was trying to kill her.
When she was 10–12 years old, she had waking dreams of a spiritual marriage with Jesus Christ, as Blessed Virgin Mary was looking on.
During her late teens, she said she was surrounded upon occasion by the spirits of dead people, who she said were asking her to help them.
None of her childhood or teenage mystical experiences resulted in a personal religious transformation, and Rydén went on to live a fairly secular life indifferent to religion.
On June 13, 1981, she married her current husband, Per Rydén, a Swedish Lutheran who had been working for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) in Mozambique.
He took a new position with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) department of the United Nations in Lesotho from 1981 to 1983, then worked again for SIDA from 1984 to 1987 in Bangladesh.
Rydén modeled as a hobby, and painted in oils, including a portrait of the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie which was made into a postage stamp.
In November 1985 when Rydén was living in Bangladesh, Rydén says she experienced an extraordinary sensation when writing a grocery list, a list of cocktail party expenses, or a list of errands.
Rydén says she suddenly experienced a light electrical feeling in her right hand and at the same time, an invisible presence.
She says that Jesus taught her to discern which spirits were engaging her in the writing of messages, and that the Devil's hand thus became recognizable to her.
After several more visits from Rydén, Karl summoned Fannan and the two priests watched Rydén at times when she says she received messages.
In August 1987, Rydén's husband began working for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Rydén family moved to Switzerland.
At Fannan's urging, in June 1988 Rydén visited the city of Medjugorje in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to learn more about Our Lady of Medjugorje—the apparition of the Virgin Mary which appeared to six children there.
In November 1988, Rydén was directed by her guardian angel to publish a book of the collected messages, and to conduct prayer meetings once a month.
Theologian and sociologist Patrick de Laubier became interested in Rydén's messages, and introduced her to French Mariologist Father René Laurentin in August 1989.
Laurentin and Fannan were both in the Marian Movement of Priests, a group of priests who studied modern apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
In 1995, Dominican theologian Father François-Marie Dermine, a Canadian-born priest serving as exorcist for the diocese of Bologna, Italy, wrote that Rydén said that she burned the early messages because there were too many, and they were loose scraps, not bound in a notebook.
Dermine says that this destruction of the first messages is suspicious, as there would normally be heightened reverence held for them, if they were messages from angels and Jesus.
In September 1991, Mariologist Father Philip Pavich was given a copy of Rydén's original messages complete with deletions and modifications showing how Rydén and an editorial assistant had modified the messages for publication.
She explained that she keeps two notebooks: a private one filled with original messages, and a public one containing material rewritten from the private notebook.
Dermine wrote in 2008 that the deleted material includes failed prophecies, and disappointments in Rydén's life, such as the Virgin Mary telling Rydén in June 1988 that she would arrange a meeting between Rydén and Marian Movement of Priests founder Stefano Gobbi—a meeting that never happened.
Rydén asked American Jesuit Father Mitchell Pacwa to review her messages, so he studied the first five volumes of handwritten messages.
Pacwa sent his critique to Father Michael O'Carroll, one of Rydén's spiritual advisors, who said that Pacwa ought to refrain from publishing his findings, and implied divine retribution otherwise.
Pacwa had determined that Rydén's own confused interpretation of the Trinity was echoed in the messages she received, showing that it was Rydén making the messages.
Pacwa published his criticism in August 1993, arguing that Rydén and her messages both confused the roles of God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit.
Pacwa listed many similar instances in the received messages of the Son and the Father being intermixed and confused in a manner not in keeping with Roman Catholic or Orthodox Catholic teaching.
Years later, Dermine described the reaction of O'Donnell as typical of the Rydén organization's response to criticism—a demonization of any who oppose Rydén.
Rydén supporters claim that graphological analysis of the handwriting that Rydén says she produces as dictation shows elements of resisting or being forced and that this is evidence of external spiritual control.
Following Father James Fannan, Fathers Rene Laurentin, Robert Faricy, and Michael O'Carroll as well as Archbishop Frane Franic, who are major promoters of Our Lady of Međugorje, also actively support Rydén through their public statements and publications.
Dermine described Rydén's early works as promoting a New Age-type spirituality including millennialism and pan-Christian ecumenicism, preceded by a time in which the antichrist dominated the Church.
He said these ideas were heretical to Roman Catholicism, and that Rydén stopped putting them in her writings after warnings from the Church, a factor which demonstrates that they are her own thoughts, not those of spirits.
He showed how Rydén's automatic writings were said by her to be from a variety of sources: guardian angels, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, God, and several Christian saints.
He wrote that Rydén explained away the problem by saying that God told her she could change any messages that she felt did not work.
More damning than that was Dermine's assessment that Rydén's automatic writing was directed not by Jesus or God but by the Devil.
Dermine wrote that automatic writing has never been part of Christian mysticism and divine revelation, but it has been connected with demonic possession.
), formed to investigate new religious movements and sects, published a two-part bulletin critical of Rydén and her followers, authored by Mónica de López Roda.
De López Roda described how Rydén's mission appeared to be the unification of all Christian churches under a non-hierarchical ecumenicism; a spiritual Christianity devoid of doctrinal differences.
She said that the positive words from Rydén provoked division among Christians because of questions about whether the messages were fake.
De López Roda named supporters such as Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo and Father René Laurentin who reportedly questioned the directives of the 1995 Notification by the Holy See.
Some skeptics have noted how the revelations have changed with time and have alleged that this was in order to conform more with church doctrine.
Dermine compares Rydén's early publications with later versions, noting that the changes made to the messages are one of the main reasons that the messages should be discredited.
In January 2006, Roger Mahony, the Archbishop of Los Angeles, California, approved the withdrawal of an invitation to host to a conference at the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels at which the main speaker was to be Rydén.
On March 16, 2011, the Greek Orthodox Church and synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople issued a disapproval of her teachings and instructed all Orthodox Christians not to associate with her.
Cardinal Prosper Grech said he communicated to Rydén in the name of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the faith in some period after 1997.
In 2013, the Catholic research group (GRIS) obtained permission from Pio to remount the critical website under a new domain: www.pseudomystica.info.
A Bitter electromagnet or Bitter solenoid is a type of electromagnet invented in 1933 by American physicist Francis Bitter used in scientific research to create extremely strong magnetic fields.
Superconducting electromagnets can produce stronger magnetic fields but are limited to fields of 10 to 20 teslas, due to flux creep, though theoretical limits are higher.
Bitter magnets are constructed of circular conducting metal plates and insulating spacers stacked in a helical configuration, rather than coils of wire.
The purpose of the stacked plate design is to withstand the enormous outward mechanical pressure produced by Lorentz forces due to the magnetic field acting on the moving electric charges in the plate, which increase with the square of the magnetic field strength.
Additionally, water circulates through holes in the plates as a coolant, to carry away the enormous heat created in the plates due to resistive heating by the large currents flowing through them.
By elongating the mounting and cooling holes, there is a substantial drop in the stresses developed in the system and an improvement in cooling efficiency.
As the stresses increased in the original bitter plates, they would flex slightly causing the small circular cooling holes to move out of alignment reducing the efficacy of the cooling system.
The Florida Bitter plates will flex less due to the reduced stresses, and the elongated cooling holes will always be in partial alignment despite any flexure the discs experience.
This new design allowed for a 40% increase in efficiency and has become the design of choice for bitter plate based resistive magnets.
Unlike a copper wire, the current density of a current carrying disc is not uniform across its cross-sectional area, but is instead a function of the ratio of the inner diameter of the disc to an arbitrary radius within the disc.
Large discs (i.e., disc with a large difference between their inner and outer radius) will have a larger discrepancy in the current density between the inner and outer portions of the disc.
This will reduce the efficiency and cause additional complications in the system because there will be a more substantial temperature and stress gradient along the disc.
As such, a series of nested coils is often used as it will more evenly distribute the current across a large combined area as opposed to a single coil with large discs.
Ampère's Law for a basic current carrying loop of wire gives that the on-axis magnetic flux is proportional to the current running through the wire and is related to the basic geometry of the loop, but is not concerned with the geometry of the cross section of the wire.
As such, the current term must be replaced with terms discussing the cross-sectional area of the disc and the current density.
the strongest continuous field achieved by a room temperature magnet is 37.5T produced by a Bitter electromagnet at the Radboud University High Field Magnet Laboratory in Nijmegen, Netherlands.
The strongest continuous manmade magnetic field, 45T, was produced by a hybrid device, consisting of a Bitter magnet inside a superconducting magnet.
Nimrod Racing Automobiles (sometimes referred to as Aston Martin Nimrod) was a partnership founded in 1981 between racing driver and car dealer Robin Hamilton and chairman of Aston Martin Lagonda, Victor Gauntlett.
The project was intended to build sports prototypes for the World Endurance Championship and IMSA GT Championship using Aston Martin V8 engines.
Although Aston Martin did not own the project, they offered their support for the chance to see success for their name in motorsports without the heavy cost of running their own team.
Nimrod built three NRA/C2s for competition in 1982, with two being run by the works team while the third was sold to Dawnay Racing, a team owned by the then AMOC president Viscount Downe.
Combining a production-based V8 engine from the V8 and V8 Vantage models, the engine was refined by Aston Martin Tickford to handle the increased output.
Problems continued for Nimrod Racing at the 24 Hours of Le Mans where their race was ended early with an accident.
Nimrod's only success for the season came at the 1000km Spa, where one of their two cars finished, taking eleventh place.
For 1982, with the evolved NRA/C2, Nimrod Racing would turn to the IMSA GT Championship in North America due to EMKA Racing taking over Aston Martin's factory-backed efforts in Europe with their own car.
Nimrod suffered throughout the season, earning their only success as the 12 Hours of Sebring with a fifth-place finish, third in the GTP class.
The team would struggle to finish races for the rest of the season before financial trouble eventually forced them to return to Europe.
Following their disappointing return to Europe, Nimrod Racing Automobiles closed due to continued financial troubles, ending the short life of the project.
A new chassis had been under development at the time, known as NRA/C3, yet was never completed before the team was dissolved.
Pariz (, also Romanized as Pārīz; also known as Rīz and Bariz) is a city and capital of Pariz District, in Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran.
The school was founded in 1954 by the Brothers of Christian Instruction and resides in the St. Francis Xavier district of the FIC.
The school serves International students living in or near Tokyo, as well as many Japanese students seeking a Western, English-medium education.
St. Mary's is always recognized by the Kanto Plains Schools Association as a unanimous vote for the best school in Tokyo, and the Kanto Region.
The campus features a large, lighted indoor swimming pool with a balcony for visiting audiences, an indoor multi-athletic court with a contractable stage + seats, a large multi purpose hall which converts into an auditorium, number of tennis courts, two outdoor basketball courts, a large soccer field with appropriate synthetic grass, a mass of gardened land, and numbers of other athletic facilities.
The three-story classroom buildings hold classes for grades 1 through 12, plus a readiness program and programs for students using English as a second language (ESL).
Additionally, the school features two large libraries for study, one of them featuring an outdoor 'rooftop' garden, and has computer access throughout all if its classrooms.
The teams' name is the Titans, except the swim team (which also includes students from Seisen International School), which is known as the Buccaneers.
Other regional rivals include Christian Academy in Japan, Nile C. Kinnick High School, Yokota High School, and The British School in Tokyo.
These award-winning choirs have performed in the United States, Austria, Hungary, Canada, Australia, China, South Korea, Indonesia, and many other countries.
St. Mary's high schoolers may also take part in the Tokyo Area Honor Choir amongst other KPASSP schools, if they are accepted through auditioning.
The St. Mary's High Schoolers enroll in contests in the United States with other choirs from universities, since the level on tone and quality of the choir is very high.
Similarly to the choir, high schoolers may take part in the Tokyo Area Honor Band amongst other KPASSP schools, if they are accepted through auditioning.
2-D Art, 3-D Art, and Architecture courses are also provided at the school, with students taking the International Baccalaureate being able to take these classes as credited courses.
Notable artwork usually gets into the Tokyo Artscape, an annual exhibit collaborated on by some KPASSP schools, and some other Tokyo Area schools.
The BrainBowl Team competes in the annual BrainBowl tournament, where SMIS has proven to be a powerhouse, capturing the title 32 times out of the 41 championships.
The last title it won was in 2018, the most recent tournament, with a 150-point lead ahead of its next school.
The Debate Team in St. Mary's is also particularly strong, and competes against Seisen International School, The American School in Japan, and Yokota High School.
The Speech Team at SMIS is also a strong team, and they compete in the annual Speech Contest amongst other KPASSP schools.
Each year, the Math Contest team, composed of students skilled at math, take part in the Math Field Day, a tournament for KPASSP students.
St. Mary's tends to do particularly well there too, with usually at least 1 member of the team in the Top 5 at every grade level.
The fall showcases the Fall Play, where selected students perform and help to make it an annual success, while every year in the spring, selected students perform and help in the Musical.
Activities at St. Mary's include a student newspaper, The Diplomat; a Boy Scouts of America troop, Troop 15; the Yearbook, a television club; the Fall Play; a Musical; and others.
Initially, a production run of 15–25 cars was planned but the project was deemed too costly and only one was built.
The Bulldog was designed to show off the capabilities of Aston Martin's new engineering facility in Newport Pagnell, as well as to chase after the title of fastest production car in the world.
The Bulldog's sharp wedge shape was designed by William Towns and features five centre-mounted, hidden headlamps, as well as gull-wing doors.
Aston Martin planned to build 15-25 Bulldogs, but in 1981 Victor Gauntlett became chairman of Aston Martin and decided the project would be too costly, and the Bulldog project was shelved.
In 1984 Aston Martin sold the Bulldog to a middle eastern collector for £130,000 where the owner added both rear view mirrors and cameras.
The Bulldog later was sold to an American collector and spent some time in the United States, but has recently been offered for sale in Britain.
The Bulldog is powered by a 5.3L V8 with twin Garrett turbochargers that produces (the engine was capable of on the test bed) and maximum torque.
When it came out, Aston Martin claimed the car was capable of 237 mph (381 km/h), but the fastest speed the car was recorded doing was a verified 192 mph (307 km/h) during a test run at the MIRA track in late 1979.
It is the first novel in the series to not involve an appearance by each of the three ta'veren from the Two Rivers, due to Perrin's absence.
Siuan learns from one of her former agents that the Aes Sedai who oppose Elaida have established themselves in Salidar, and the group goes there.
During their travels, they have to break an incredibly strong oath which they have made to Gareth Bryne, for which he pursues them.
After Bryne learns who they are, he forgives them for breaking the oath and forms an alliance with the Salidar Aes Sedai.
The group reaches the town Samara, which has been harmed by the ideas of Masema Dagar, the self-proclaimed prophet of the Dragon Reborn.
Queen Morgase Trakand of Andor realizes that the Forsaken Rahvin, masquerading as Lord Gaebril, has been mind-controlling her and flees Caemlyn with a small group of loyal subjects.
On 10 December 1908, a meeting was held in an ante-room at the Smithfield Show to discuss whether a national organisation should be formed to represent the interests of farmers.
The first President, Colin Campbell, worked to get new branches off the ground, encourage membership and establish the NFU's credibility with Government, at a time when farming was going through the longest and deepest depression in its history, as imports of cheap grain and frozen meat flooded in from abroad.
Under the Constitution and Rules the NFU shall maintain a number of bodies, which are responsible for the Governance of the NFU.
These include NFU Council, Governance Board, Policy Board, National Commodity Boards, Regional Commodity Boards, an Audit and Remuneration Committee and Legal Board and Regional Boards.
Born in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia, Jergović is one of the most colorful figures of the public scene, polemicist without mincing words that slowly turns into a star of European literature.
He is not shy to discuss literature, the differences between Zagreb and Sarajevo, Kusturica and Aralica, Ivan Lovrenović and those who attacked him, and about how Sarajevo today, and how it (once) or is not any (now).
Miljenko Jergović already set up in the pose of the classics, which do not tolerate human weakness, moral deviation and ideological diversion.
While at high-school, he started working as a journalist in printed and electronic media, as a contributor to literary and youth magazines, and was soon recognized as Croatia's media correspondent from Sarajevo.
Critics praise his storytelling skills, his ability to create a compelling atmosphere, his lyricism and his sentimentality, his immersion in history and his ability to incorporate tradition into contemporary prose.
Some critics, however, consider his later works to be too lengthy, too insistent on the intertwining of different nations’ destinies, as well as too arbitrary.
Jergović has written in his novels and stories about his great grandfather with German roots and his family, about his uncle who was sent by the parents to the enemy army and died as an enemy soldier, and about other important and not so important figures from his childhood.
of the guilty conscience that is passed on from one generation to the next, just as I add to my own national identity.
Miljenko Jergović, a literary phenomenon whose writing must be considered, primarily because he writes with bitter irony, easily avoiding the courts and sentimental nostalgia.
In his books Jergovic filters through the consciousness of the social catastrophe that has affected everyone, without exception – in which anyone could become a victim and tormentor.
Jergovic is a master of digression, which descends from the mainstream, as it is a pity that the story would remain in dusty corners.
So the story of tradesman that things have turned out several dozen toilets Saudi prince overlaid plates, an accountant who is obsessed with breaking the codes for the lottery, an attacker FC fighter who was so lazy to nap while his colleagues are building an action, the decades of silence prisoners with Goli, camp for those who have strayed from Tito's political views.
Jergović books is reminiscent of another famous writer from ex Yugoslavia, Danilo Kis, with his passion for mystification, confusion clue, mixing fiction and reality.
Jergović has espoused various liberal stances in his columns, including a criticism of chauvinism among what is usually considered the liberal left and an unusually open support for a liberal political candidate.
Its heroes, who always carry with them their native lore, their religion and their mentality, though they have numerous reasons for feelings of love and understanding of others, become victims of their own inability to rise above their national background, above their old hatreds and the burden of historical conflicts.
And as is Jergovic great storyteller, he starts with what the outside: Volga is not only black but glossy black like the piano.
Jergovic the master of melancholy presents driving as a journey into the past, awakens memories of the companions, the times of sadness and loneliness.
Central figure in the novel is Jalal Pljevljak, who is the experienced driver and a Muslim believer, whose faith prohibits the consumption of alcohol, drunk, and so risked disaster.
Although the reader gets the key to a mysterious accident, second impression prevails much greater issue: the uncertainty about where the boundaries between fact, facts, legends, dreams and lies.
The truth about things, it shows the contrasting perspectives of game storytelling, not just a matter of personal integrity and identity.
As the scene of religious, ethnic and political relations and conflict former multinational federation determines the flow and actions, so, for example, accused Pljevljak, for example, both Croat and Muslim.
At the end of the wars in the nineties it was very popular among intellectuals and yellow press to relativize the guilt of the pre-war crime and surrender it to forgetfulness.
In April 2006, Jergović became involved in a literary dispute with Dražen Katunarić over Jergović's text on Houellebecqu, which Jergović's considered charlatan for being based on the Qur'an.
This controversy encouraged Zdravko Zima to resign his membership in the Croatian Writers' Society because he felt the leadership wasn't distancing themselves from the attacks on Katunarić.
A number of other writers cut ties with the association in a similar fashion, including Ivan Lovrenović who resigned because he felt Velimir Visković's disqualification called for the real and symbolic dismissal of Jergović in 2011.
In 2009, Visković made public claims about Jergović reaffirming Chetniks in Serbia and setting out to market books for a Serbian market.
When CWS members asked Visković to apologize, he refused, citing years of insults to him, his family and other prominent writers.
He even spent the first year of the Bosnian War, more precisely the Siege of Sarajevo there, before moving to Zagreb in 1993.
Jergović has been known as an avid supporter of Sarajevo football club FK Željezničar, whose fan he has been since he was even a kid, even having a membership card of the club as well, renewing it in July 2019.
Most are hand tools, made of a case hardened steel bar of rectangular, square, triangular, or round cross-section, with one or more surfaces cut with sharp, generally parallel teeth.
Files have also been developed with abrasive surfaces, such as natural or synthetic diamond grains or silicon carbide, allowing removal of material that would dull or resist metal, such as ceramic.
Early filing or rasping has prehistoric roots and grew naturally out of the blending of the twin inspirations of cutting with stone cutting tools (such as hand axes) and abrading using natural abrasives, such as well-suited types of stone (for example, sandstone).
But although they existed, and could even have spread widely, in a geographical sense, via trade, they were not widespread in the cultural sense of the word—that is, most people, and even many smiths, did not have them.
For example, in the 13th century, ornamental iron work at Paris was done skillfully with the aid of files, but the process was a secret known only to a master craftsman.
This statement could mislead in the sense that stoning (with sandstone) and lapping (with wood, sand, and water) have never been rare activities among humans, or especially smiths.
But the point is that modern iron or steel files, with teeth and hardening, and the material culture of intricate filing that would lead to locksmithing and gunsmithing, for example, are what took time to become common.
The activity in Remscheid reflects the metalworking spirit of the Rhine-Ruhr region in general (including Essen, Düsseldorf, and Cologne) rather than representing a single village of geniuses in isolation.
Most files of the period were smithed by hand in a sequence in which the iron was forged (heated and hammered), then the teeth were cut with a chisel (some of this action was just as much upsetting/swaging as it was cutting), and then the piece was hardened (by heating and then quenching), followed sometimes by tempering.
Among the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci is a sketch of a machine tool for the cutting of files (the chisel would make one strike, swaging a tooth, then automatically advance into position for the next tooth, and strike again).
Prior to the industrialization of machining and the development of interchangeable parts during the 19th century, filing was much more important in the construction of mechanisms.
The potential precision of such fitting is much higher than generally assumed, but the components of such hand-fit assemblies are decidedly not interchangeable with those from another assembly.
In today's manufacturing environment, milling and grinding have generally replaced this type of work, and filing (when it occurs at all) usually tends to be for deburring only.
Skillful filing to shape and size is still a part of diemaking, moldmaking, toolmaking, etc., but even in those fields, the goal is usually to avoid handwork when possible.
There is no unitary international standard for file nomenclature; however, there are many generally accepted names for certain kinds of files.
In Swiss-pattern files the teeth are cut at a shallower angle, and are graded by number, with a number 1 file being coarser than a number 2, etc.
Most files have teeth on all faces, but some specialty flat files have teeth on only one face or one edge, so that the user can come right up to another edge without damaging the finish on it.
Instead of having teeth cut into the file's working surface, diamond files have small particles of industrial diamond embedded in their surface (or into a softer material that is bonded to the underlying surface of the file).
The use of diamonds in this manner allows the file to be used effectively against extremely hard materials, such as stone, glass or very hard metals such as hardened steel or carbide against which a standard steel file is ineffective.
Needle files are small files that are used in applications where the surface finish takes priority over metal removal rates but they are most suited for smaller work pieces.
They are often used as an intermediate step in die making where the surface finish of a cavity die may need to be improved, e.g.
A cone point (as pictured in the top and bottom files at left) allows a file to center itself in its mount.
Filing machines are rarely seen in modern production environments, but may be found in older toolrooms or diemaking shops as an aid in the manufacture of specialist tooling.
Escapement files, also known as watchmaker's files, are a classification of short, (very) thin files with bastard-cut or embedded diamond surfaces, similar to needle files in form and function but smaller.
Best used for fine, delicate work on small pieces or mechanisms (such as escapements), escapement files are commonly used by clock and watchmakers, as well as in crafting jewelry.
During root canal therapy, round files ranging from diameter files are used to smooth the narrow canals of the interior of the tooth and thus facilitate disinfection of the internal surface.
There are also varying strokes that produce a combination of the straight ahead stroke and the drawfiling stroke, and very fine work can be attained in this fashion.
Using a combination of strokes, and progressively finer files, a skilled operator can attain a surface that is perfectly flat and near mirror finish.
In each of these organs it plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by acting as a glucose sensor, triggering shifts in metabolism or cell function in response to rising or falling levels of glucose, such as occur after a meal or when fasting.
All of the hexokinases can mediate phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is the first step of both glycogen synthesis and glycolysis.
However, glucokinase is coded by a separate gene and its distinctive kinetic properties allow it to serve a different set of functions.
Glucokinase has a lower affinity for glucose than the other hexokinases do, and its activity is localized to a few cell types, leaving the other three hexokinases as more important preparers of glucose for glycolysis and glycogen synthesis for most tissues and organs.
Because of this reduced affinity, the activity of glucokinase, under usual physiological conditions, varies substantially according to the concentration of glucose.
Some biochemists have argued that the name glucokinase should be abandoned as misleading, as this enzyme can phosphorylate other hexoses in the right conditions, and there are distantly related enzymes in bacteria with more absolute specificity for glucose that better deserve the name and the EC 2.7.1.2.
It is dependent on ADP rather than ATP (suggesting the possibility of more effective function during hypoxia), and the metabolic role and importance remain to be elucidated.
The other necessary substrate, from which the phosphate is derived, is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) when the phosphate is removed.
Among the hexose substrates are mannose, fructose, and glucosamine, but the affinity of glucokinase for these requires concentrations not found in cells for significant activity.
Two important kinetic properties distinguish glucokinase from the other hexokinases, allowing it to function in a special role as glucose sensor.
Glucokinase has only a single binding site for glucose and is the only monomeric regulatory enzyme known to display substrate cooperativity.
In other words, at a glucose concentration of about 72 mg/dl, which is near the low end of the normal range, glucokinase activity is most sensitive to small changes in glucose concentration.
The kinetic relationship with the other substrate, MgATP, can be described by classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with an affinity at about 0.3–0.4 mmol/L, well below a typical intracellular concentration of 2.5 mmol/L.
The BGPR for wild type glucokinase is about 28% at a glucose concentration of 5 mmol/l, indicating that the enzyme is running at 28% of capacity at the usual threshold glucose for triggering insulin release.
All except cys 230 are essential for the catalytic process, forming multiple disulfide bridges during interaction with the substrates and regulators.
At least in the beta cells, the ratio of active to inactive glucokinase molecules is at least partly determined by the balance of oxidation of sulfhydryl groups or reduction of disulfide bridges.
These sulfhydryl groups are quite sensitive to the oxidation status of the cells, making glucokinase one of the components most vulnerable to oxidative stress, especially in the beta cells.
There are at least two clefts, one for the active site, binding glucose and MgATP, and the other for a putative allosteric activator that has not yet been identified.
Transcription can begin at either promoter (depending on the tissue) so that the same gene can produce a slightly different molecule in liver and in other tissues.
The two isoforms of glucokinase differ only by 13–15 amino acids at the N-terminal end of the molecule, which produces only a minimal difference in structure.
The two promoters have little or no sequence homology and are separated by a 30 kbp sequence which has not yet been shown to incur any functional differences between isoforms.
The two promoters are functionally exclusive and governed by distinct sets of regulatory factors, so that glucokinase expression can be regulated separately in different tissue types.
The gene structure and amino acid sequence are highly conserved among most mammals (e.g., rat and human glucokinase is more than 80% homologous).
However, there are some unusual exceptions: For example, it has not been discovered in cats and bats, though some reptiles, birds, amphibians, and fish have it.
It has been postulated that the presence of glucokinase in liver reflects the ease with which carbohydrates can be included in the animals' diets.
Most of the glucokinase in a mammal is found in the liver, and glucokinase provides approximately 95% of the hexokinase activity in hepatocytes.
Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) by glucokinase is the first step of both glycogen synthesis and glycolysis in the liver.
When ample glucose is available, glycogen synthesis proceeds at the periphery of the hepatocytes until the cells are replete with glycogen.
G6P, the product of glucokinase, is the principal substrate of glycogen synthesis, and glucokinase has a close functional and regulatory association with glycogen synthesis.
When maximally active, GK and glycogen synthase appears to be located in the same peripheral areas of hepatocyte cytoplasm in which glycogen synthesis occurs.
The supply of G6P affects the rate of glycogen synthesis not only as the primary substrate, but by direct stimulation of glycogen synthase and inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase.
Glucokinase activity can be rapidly amplified or damped in response to changes in the glucose supply, typically resulting from eating and fasting.
Insulin acting via the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) is thought to be the most important direct activator of glucokinase gene transcription in hepatocytes.
The liver promoter in the first exon of the glucokinase gene includes such an E box, which appears to be the principal insulin-response element of the gene in hepatocytes.
It was previously thought that SREBP1c must be present for transcription of glucokinase in hepatocytes however, it was recently shown that glucokinase transcription was carried out normally in SREBP1c knock out mice.
It is not known whether this effect is one of the downstream effects of activation of insulin receptors or independent of insulin action.
Insulin is by far the most important of the hormones that have direct or indirect effects on glucokinase expression and activity in the liver.
While rising portal vein glucose levels increase glucokinase activity, the concomitant rise of insulin amplifies this effect by induction of glucokinase synthesis.
The mechanisms by which insulin induces glucokinase may involve both of the major intracellular pathways of insulin action, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) cascade, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) cascade.
However, as would be expected given its antagonistic effect on glycogen synthesis, glucagon and its intracellular second messenger cAMP suppresses glucokinase transcription and activity, even in the presence of insulin.
Glucokinase can be rapidly activated and inactivated in hepatocytes by a novel regulatory protein (glucokinase regulatory protein), which operates to maintain an inactive reserve of GK, which can be made quickly available in response to rising levels of portal vein glucose.
Although most of the glucokinase in the body is in the liver, smaller amounts in the beta and alpha cells of the pancreas, certain hypothalamic neurons, and specific cells (enterocytes) of the gut play an increasingly appreciated role in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
In the context of glucokinase function, these cell types are collectively referred to as neuroendocrine tissues, and they share some aspects of glucokinase regulation and function, especially the common neuroendocrine promoter.
It is likely that many of the regulatory relationships discovered in the beta cells will also exist in the other neuroendocrine tissues with glucokinase.
In islet beta cells, glucokinase activity serves as a principal control for the secretion of insulin in response to rising levels of blood glucose.
One of the immediate consequences of increased cellular respiration is a rise in the NADH and NADPH concentrations (collectively referred to as NAD(P)H).
This shift in the redox status of the beta cells results in rising intracellular calcium levels, closing of the K channels, depolarization of the cell membrane, merging of the insulin secretory granules with the membrane, and release of insulin into the blood.
It is as a signal for insulin release that glucokinase exerts the largest effect on blood sugar levels and overall direction of carbohydrate metabolism.
This physical association stabilizes glucokinase in a catalytically favorable conformation (somewhat opposite the effect of GKRP binding) that enhances its activity.
Insulin is produced by the beta cells, but some of it acts on beta cell B-type insulin receptors, providing an autocrine positive-feedback amplification of glucokinase activity.
Much, but not all, of the glucokinase found in the cytoplasm of beta cells is associated with insulin secretory granules and with mitochondria.
It has been suggested that binding serves a purpose similar to the hepatic glucokinase regulatory protein—protecting glucokinase from degradation so that it is rapidly available as the glucose rises.
It has also been proposed that glucokinase plays a role in the glucose sensing of the pancreatic alpha cells, but the evidence is less consistent, and some researchers have found no evidence of glucokinase activity in these cells.
Glucagon is a protein hormone that blocks the effect of insulin on hepatocytes, inducing glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and reduced glucokinase activity in hepatocytes.
The degree to which glucose suppression of glucagon is a direct effect of glucose via glucokinase in alpha cells, or an indirect effect mediated by insulin or other signals from beta cells, is still uncertain.
These glucose-sensing neurons are concentrated primarily in the ventromedial nucleus and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which regulate many aspects of glucose homeostasis (especially the response to hypoglycemia), fuel utilization, satiety and appetite, and weight maintenance.
Glucokinase has been found in the brain in largely the same areas that contain glucose-sensing neurons, including both of the hypothalamic nuclei.
The presumption, based on indirect evidence and speculation, is that neuronal glucokinase is somehow exposed to plasma glucose levels even in the neurons.
While glucokinase has been shown to occur in certain cells (enterocytes) of the small intestine and stomach, its function and regulation have not been worked out.
It has been suggested that here, also, glucokinase serves as a glucose sensor, allowing these cells to provide one of the earliest metabolic responses to incoming carbohydrates.
Because insulin is one of, if not the most important, regulators of glucokinase synthesis, diabetes mellitus of all types diminishes glucokinase synthesis and activity by a variety of mechanisms.
This creates hypoglycemia of varying patterns, including transient or persistent congenital hyperinsulinism, or fasting or reactive hypoglycemia appearing at an older age.
Several pharmaceutical companies are researching molecules that activate glucokinase in hope that it will be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Adjacent to the northern boundary of Greater London, it is part of the metropolitan area of London and the Greater London Built-up Area.
The Chigwell civil parish was part of Epping Rural District from 1894 to 1933, with local government split between Chigwell Parish Council, Epping Rural District Council and Essex County Council.
Following a county review order in 1933, Chigwell formed together with Buckhurst Hill and Loughton the Chigwell Urban District, with the Chigwell Urban District Council replacing both the parish and rural district councils.
When Greater London was created in 1965 a small, more densely populated section to the southeast was transferred to the London Borough of Redbridge; this area is now known as the Manford estate and continues to be within the Chigwell post town.
From 1933 to 1958 there was an RAF presence at Roding Valley Meadows (near what is now the David Lloyd Leisure Centre).
It served first to provide barrage balloon protection during the Second World War and was involved in the rollout of Britain's coastal nuclear early warning system during the Cold War.
The hamlet of Chigwell Row lies towards the east of Chigwell, near Lambourne; this part of the parish is well forested and mostly rural.
Grange Hill is the area around the junction of Manor Road and Fencepiece Road/Hainault Road, extending as far as the boundary with Redbridge including the Limes Farm estate.
The area is characterised by large suburban houses, notably in Manor Road, Hainault Road and Chigwell High Road, which featured in the popular English situation comedy Birds of a Feather (although many of the outside locations used in that programme were not in Chigwell).
Schools in the area include Chigwell Primary Academy, Limes Farm Infants School & Nursery, Limes Farm Junior School, Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa College, West Hatch High School and Chigwell School, an independent school, which was founded from a bequest by Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York, in 1629, among whose past pupils are William Penn, who later went on to found Pennsylvania, and actor Sir Ian Holm.
The diarist John Aubrey recorded that it was at Chigwell School that Penn had a mystical vision, which influenced his later conversion to Quakerism.
Until May 2012 Tottenham Hotspur Football Club had its training facilities in the area, when they moved to a new facility in Enfield, north east London, However the club still runs training sessions for local youth on the Limes Farm estate through the summer months.
A David Lloyd Leisure Centre is situated off Roding Road by the M11 motorway, which contains indoor and outdoor tennis courts, swimming pools and gymnasium.
The town is also included in a number of London loop walks, which start in the city and pass through the outskirts of the capital.
The building was subsequently sold to local resident Lord Sugar's property company Amsprop which now leases the Grade 1 building to the Sheesh Turkish restaurant.
There is a Local Nature Reserve at Roding Valley Meadows off Roding Lane which follows the River Roding up to Loughton.
Chigwell is served by Chigwell station and Grange Hill station (further south bordering Hainault), both on the Central line of the London Underground.
For a more frequent service to London there are also nearby Buckhurst Hill, Woodford, Loughton and Hainault stations as services between Grange Hill and Woodford are limited to three trains per hour in each direction, with an increased service during morning peak hours.
The Battle of Harpers Ferry was fought September 12–15, 1862, as part of the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War.
As Lee's Army of Northern Virginia advanced down the Shenandoah Valley into Maryland, he planned to capture the garrison at Harpers Ferry to secure his line of supply back to Virginia.
Although he was being pursued at a leisurely pace by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, outnumbering him more than two to one, Lee chose the risky strategy of dividing his army and sent one portion to converge and attack Harpers Ferry from three directions.
Col. Dixon S. Miles, Union commander at Harpers Ferry, insisted on keeping most of the troops near the town instead of taking up commanding positions on the surrounding heights.
The slim defenses of the most important position, Maryland Heights, first encountered the approaching Confederates on September 12, but only brief skirmishing ensued.
During the fighting on Maryland Heights, the other Confederate columns arrived and were astonished to see that critical positions to the west and south of town were not defended.
Hill to move down the west bank of the Shenandoah River in preparation for a flank attack on the Federal left the next morning.
By the morning of September 15, Jackson had positioned nearly 50 guns on Maryland Heights and at the base of Loudoun Heights.
After processing more than 12,000 Union prisoners, Jackson's men then rushed to Sharpsburg, Maryland, to rejoin Lee for the Battle of Antietam.
Harpers Ferry is a small town at the confluence of the Potomac River and the Shenandoah River, the site of a historic Federal arsenal founded by President George Washington in 1799 and a bridge for the critical Baltimore and Ohio Railroad across the Potomac.
To the west, the ground rose gradually for about a mile and a half to Bolivar Heights, a plateau high, that stretches from the Potomac to the Shenandoah.
As Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia advanced into Maryland, Lee expected that the Union garrisons that potentially blocked his supply line in the Shenandoah Valley, at Winchester, Martinsburg, and Harpers Ferry, would be cut off and abandoned without firing a shot (and, in fact, both Winchester and Martinsburg were evacuated).
Lee planned to capture the garrison and the arsenal, not only to seize its supplies of rifles and ammunition, but to secure his line of supply back to Virginia.
Although he was being pursued at a leisurely pace by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan and the Union Army of the Potomac, which outnumbered him by more than two to one, Lee chose the risky strategy of dividing his army to seize the prize of Harpers Ferry.
While the corps of Maj. Gen. James Longstreet drove north in the direction of Hagerstown, Lee sent columns of troops to converge and attack Harpers Ferry from three directions.
The largest column, 11,500 men under Jackson, was to recross the Potomac and circle around to the west of Harpers Ferry and attack it from Bolivar Heights, while the other two columns, under Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws (8,000 men) and Brig.
Gen. John G. Walker (3,400), were to capture Maryland Heights and Loudoun Heights, commanding the town from the east and south.
Miles was a 38-year veteran of the U.S. Army and the Mexican–American War, but who had been disgraced after the First Battle of Bull Run when a court of inquiry held that he had been drunk during the battle.
His garrison comprised 14,000 men, many inexperienced, including 2,500 who had been forced out of Martinsburg by the approach of Jackson's men on September 11.
He left 3,000 men near Brownsville Gap to protect his rear and moved 3,000 others toward the Potomac River to seal off any eastern escape route from Harpers Ferry.
Walker's men were ordered to destroy the aqueduct carrying the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal across the Monocacy River where it empties into the Potomac, but his engineers had difficulty demolishing the stone structure and the attempt was eventually abandoned.
Whether or not his disposition was to blame, White led Walker on a meandering route around the Short Hill Mountain to reach the base of Loudoun Heights four days later on September 13.
So the attack on Harpers Ferry that had been planned for September 11 was delayed, increasing the risk that McClellan might engage and destroy a portion of Lee's army while it was divided.
Miles insisted on keeping most of the troops near the town instead of taking up commanding positions on the surrounding heights.
The defenses of the most important position, Maryland Heights, were designed to fight off raiders, but not to hold the heights themselves.
There was a powerful artillery battery halfway up the heights: two naval Dahlgren rifles, one 50-pounder Parrott rifle, and four 12-pounder smoothbores.
On the crest, Miles assigned Col. Thomas H. Ford of the 32nd Ohio Infantry to command parts of four regiments, 1,600 men.
Some of these men, including those of the 126th New York, had been in the Army only 21 days and lacked basic combat skills.
On September 12 they encountered the approaching men from Kershaw's South Carolina brigade, who had been moving slowly through the very difficult terrain on Elk Ridge.
Their commander, Col. Ford, felt ill that morning and stayed back two miles (3 km) behind the lines, leaving the fighting to Col. Eliakim Sherrill, the second-ranking officer.
Sherrill was wounded by a bullet through the cheek and tongue while rallying his men and had to be carried from the field, making the green troops grow panicky.
Although Maj. Sylvester Hewitt ordered the remaining units to reform farther along the ridge, orders came at 3:30 p.m. from Col. Ford to retreat.
During the fighting on Maryland Heights, the other Confederate columns arrived—Walker to the base of Loudoun Heights at 10 a.m. and Jackson's three divisions (Brig.
Hill to the south) to the west of Bolivar Heights at 11 a.m.—and were astonished to see that these positions were not defended.
Inside the town, the Union officers realized they were surrounded and pleaded with Miles to attempt to recapture Maryland Heights, but he refused, insisting that his forces on Bolivar Heights would defend the town from the west.
In fact, Jackson's and Miles's forces to the west of town were roughly equal, but Miles was ignoring the threat from the artillery massing to his northeast and south.
Charles Russell of the 1st Maryland Cavalry with nine troopers to slip through the enemy lines and take a message to McClellan, or any other general he could find, informing them that the besieged town could hold out only for 48 hours.
This included four Parrott rifles to the summit of Maryland Heights, a task that required 200 men wrestling the ropes of each gun.
Although Jackson wanted all of his guns to open fire simultaneously, Walker on Loudoun Heights grew impatient and began an ineffectual bombardment with five guns shortly after 1 p.m. Jackson ordered A.P.
Hill to move down the west bank of the Shenandoah in preparation for a flank attack on the Federal left the next morning.
That night, the Union officers realized they had less than 24 hours left, but they made no attempt to recapture Maryland Heights.
Unbeknownst to Miles, only a single Confederate regiment now occupied the crest, after McLaws had withdrawn the remainder to meet the Union assault at Crampton's Gap.
Davis and Col. Arno Voss led their 1,400 cavalrymen out of Harpers Ferry on a pontoon bridge across the Potomac, turning left onto a narrow road that wound to the west around the base of Maryland Heights in the north toward Sharpsburg.
Despite a number of close calls with returning Confederates from South Mountain, the cavalry column encountered a wagon train approaching from Hagerstown with James Longstreet's reserve supply of ammunition.
They were able to trick the wagoneers into following them in another direction and they repulsed the Confederate cavalry escort in the rear of the column, and the southern teamsters found themselves surrounded by Federals in the morning.
Capturing more than 40 enemy ordnance wagons, Davis had lost not a single man in combat, the first great cavalry exploit of the war for the Army of the Potomac.
By the morning of September 15, Jackson had positioned nearly 50 guns on Maryland Heights and at the base of Loudoun Heights, prepared to enfilade the rear of the Federal line on Bolivar Heights.
So disgusted were the men of the garrison with Miles's behavior, which some claimed involved being drunk again, it was difficult to find a man who would take him to the hospital.
The Confederate Army sustained 286 casualties (39 killed, 247 wounded), mostly from the fighting on Maryland Heights, while the Union Army sustained 12,636 (44 killed, 173 wounded, 12,419 captured).
The list of captured artillery pieces included one 50-pounder Parrott rifle (spiked), six M1841 24-pounder howitzers, four 20-pounder Parrott rifles, eight M1841 12-pounder field guns (2 spiked), four 12-pounder Napoleons (2 spiked), six M1841 6-pounder field guns, two 10-pounder Dahlgren guns (spiked), 10 3-inch Ordnance rifles, and six 3-inch James rifles.
Confederate soldiers feasted on Union food supplies and helped themselves to fresh blue Federal uniforms, which would cause some confusion in the coming days.
As he rode into town to supervise his men, Union prisoners lined the roadside, eager for a look at the famous Stonewall.
By early afternoon, Jackson received an urgent message from General Lee, telling him to get his troops to Sharpsburg as quickly as possible.
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved of the battlefield in nine acquisitions since 2002, much of which has been incorporated into the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, which also preserves portions of the battlefield.
Additional areas are preserved within the Harpers Ferry Historic District and the National Register of Historic Places listed B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing.
After serving in the United States Army during World War I, Burton became active in Republican Party politics and won election to the Ohio House of Representatives.
Burton was known as a dispassionate, pragmatic, somewhat plodding jurist who preferred to rule on technical and procedural rather than constitutional grounds.
Harold's father was an engineer and the first Dean of Student Affairs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1902-1921), reporting to the president.
They had four children: Barbara (Mrs. Charles Weidner), William (who served on the USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413) during WWII, in the Ohio House of Representatives and was a noted trial lawyer), Deborah (Mrs. Wallace Adler), and Robert (a distinguished attorney and counsel to athletes).
However, in 1914, he joined his wife's uncle as a company attorney for Utah Power and Light Company in Salt Lake City.
He later worked for Utah Light and Traction, and then for Idaho Power Company and Boise Valley Traction Company, both in Boise, Idaho.
After the war, Burton joined several veterans' organizations, including the Army and Navy Union, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the American Legion.
He was elected to the East Cleveland Board of Education in 1927 and to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1928.
After serving briefly in the Ohio House, he became law director for the City of Cleveland in 1929 before returning to private practice in 1932.
Burton served on the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program (Truman Committee), which monitored the U.S. war effort during World War II, and the two got along well.
The Senate referred it to the Senate Judiciary Committee, which referred it unanimously back to the Senate for confirmation without holding any hearings.
Burton resigned from the Senate on September 30, 1945, and was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on October 1.
His judicial restraint, however, was informed by his political views, not by a legal philosophy, and he tended to defer to legislative and executive branch judgments because he agreed with them personally.
This pragmatism won him the respect of his fellow justices, and served as a unifying influence on the court when the other justices were split on constitutional issues but could come together on technical or procedural grounds.
From 1945 to 1953, Burton was usually in the centrist majority on the court, sometimes finding himself in a slightly more conservative majority on some issues.
But beginning with the appointment of Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1953, and more so after the appointment of William J. Brennan Jr. in 1956, Burton found himself increasingly in the minority.
Burton insisted on having all precedents researched before writing his opinions, wrote the first draft of his opinions himself, and was well known for working long hours in his office.
Outside the court, the press and some prominent legal scholars depicted Burton as mediocre, plodding, a weak legal mind, and more concerned with social activities.
The Cold War led state and federal governments to enact a wide variety of laws and regulations aimed at curbing espionage and subversion.
Despite a significant split among the justices, Burton wrote a plurality decision in which he disposed of the case on technical grounds.
Burton agreed with the majority, although he added the caveat that such evidence should first be reviewed by a district court judge to ensure that no national security secrets were revealed.
Burton dissented in the case not because he disagreed with Black's emphasis on the strict separation between church and state but because he believed that the state law violated the strict separation doctrine laid out by Black.
Burton joined the majority only after Black agreed not to extend his ruling to release time programs that involved off-site religious instruction.
Although Burton's law clerks argued that the school was tacitly instructing children to attend religious classes, Burton disagreed, characterizing the dismissal as akin to excusing a child from school for a doctor's appointment.
Burton wrote for a 5-to-4 majority that the Constitution did not require a state to advise a defendant about his rights to counsel, or to provide such counsel, if the crime is not a capital offense.
Burton was powerfully motivated by a need to protect the Supreme Court's reputation, which he felt would be sullied if it approved such a distasteful practice.
Burton wrote a dissent, joined by justices Minton, Harlan, and Reed, in which he strongly defended the federal nature of criminal procedure.
Even though Columbia Steel was the largest steel manufacturer on the West Coast, Burton joined the majority in holding that the acquisition was not a violate of the Clayton Antitrust Act because Columbia Steel represented such a small percentage of overall American steel production.
Citing extensive statistics about the farm system, broadcasting revenues, and national advertising campaigns, Burton concluded it was unreasonable to claim that major league baseball was not engaged in interstate commerce.
But Burton, dissenting, was highly skeptical that the Clayton Act applied to vertical integration, and strongly criticized the majority's logic concerning market power.
Burton had been a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from 1941 to 1945, and was a dependable vote for civil rights on the high court.
Burton argued that, in the absence of a federal statute, each state should be free to establish its own laws on racial segregation.
Henderson, an African American federal worker, held a ticket that cost the same and allegedly provided the same level of service as a ticket sold to a white passenger.
The federal district and appellate courts had upheld the constitutionality of the system, persuaded that the club was purely private and thus no state action was involved.
But at the first post-oral argument conference held by the justices, Burton was adamant that the Supreme Court reverse and declare the practice unconstitutional.
Black won over all but one justice (Minton) by agreeing to remand the case back to the district court for a solution, but not specifying what that solution should be.
Burton himself noted in his diary that he felt the court was likely to vote 6-to-3 to bar on racial discrimination in schools, but not on constitutional grounds.
Douglas even worried that a 5-to-4 decision would be reached in which schools would be given a decade or more to bring unequal African American schools up to par.
Vinson was a fence-sitter of a different kind: He was deeply troubled by the effect a desegregation order would have on the nation.
Some hoped for changes in the political landscape that would make a decision easier, while others worried about the effect a divided opinion would have.
The news was not unexpected; Warren had declined a fourth term as governor on September 2, and he had long been seen as a favorite for a Supreme Court nomination.
Warren's was a recess appointment, which meant he would have to give up his seat unless the Senate confirmed him before the end of its next session.
Senator William Langer, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, kept the nomination bottled up for seven weeks in order to hold hearings on unsubstantiated charges that Warren was a Marxist and controlled by the California liquor lobby.
Warren's nomination was forwarded to the Senate on February 24 on a favorable 12-to-3 vote, and the Senate confirmed him on March 1 on a voice vote after just eight minutes of discussion.
Immediately after his swearing-in ceremony, Warren worked hard to become as friendly as possible with Burton, quietly seeking him out before any of the more senior justices.
But even Reed admitted on December 12 that what was constitutional in 1896 might not be in 1953, due to changing circumstances.
During the lunch break on December 12, Warren invited Reed (the justice most unlikely to oppose segregation) to lunch, accompanied by Burton, Black, Minton, and Douglas (the justices most likely to bar segregation).
The social pressure on Reed continued for the next five days, as Warren lunched daily with Reed, Burton, Black, and Minton.
Burton not only pushed for pragmatic solutions (which helped win over Reed), but proved to be articulate, passionate, and persuasive—which few on the court expected.
During part of his time on the Supreme Court, Burton kept notes on all judicial conferences as well as a diary in which he documented the discussions he had with other justices.
The shaking in his left arm had become so severe by the start of 1958 that he decided to retire from the Supreme Court.
Worried about other domestic and international events, Eisenhower asked Burton to consider staying one more year, and make no public announcement.
In the meantime, arrangements were made to give Burton's law clerks positions at the United States Department of Justice should Burton retire before the end of the 1958-1959 Supreme Court term.
Burton informed Chief Justice Earl Warren of his decision, and Warren urged him to stay on the court at least until September 30.
Various crises and events conspired to keep Burton from meeting with the president until July 17, at which time Burton privately informed Eisenhower of his intention to resign.
This case arose out of the Little Rock Nine situation, in which nine African American students were barred from enrolling at Little Rock Central High School by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas.
The case was clearly headed for the Supreme Court: A local court had ruled in favor of the school district, and the NAACP had appealed both to an Arkansas circuit court and the U.S. Supreme Court (which, on June 30, declined to hear the appeal until the circuit court had ruled but which also had advised the circuit court to rule swiftly—before the school year began).
The Supreme Court held a special summer session on September 11 and issued its decision on September 29, after which Burton informed his law clerks and the rest of the Supreme Court of his decision to retire.
Following his retirement from the Supreme Court, Burton sat by designation for several years on panels of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.
The Western Reserve Historical Society has 10 linear ft. relating mainly to his tenure as mayor of Cleveland; the collection contains correspondence, reports, speeches, proclamations, and newspaper clippings relating to routine administrative matters and topics of special interest during Burton's mayoralty.
Lucius Domitius Alexander (died c. 311), probably born in Phrygia, was vicarius of Africa when Emperor Maxentius ordered him to send his son as hostage to Rome.
The incident was probably caused by the conflict between Maxentius and his father Maximian early in 308, and Zosimos confused Galerius with Maximian in his account.
Maxentius sent his praetorian prefect Rufius Volusianus and a certain Zenas to quell the rebellion, and Alexander was taken prisoner and then executed by strangulation.
The year of the end of Alexander's reign is subject to debate; dates ranging from 309 to 311 have been proposed.
Royal Canadian Air Force Base Shearwater , commonly referred to as RCAF Shearwater, was a Canadian Forces base located east southeast of Shearwater, Nova Scotia, on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour in the Halifax Regional Municipality.
Following a base rationalization program in the mid-1990s, the Canadian Forces closed CFB Shearwater as a separate formation and realigned the property's various facilities into CFB Halifax.
In August 1918 the US Navy established Naval Air Station Halifax on the shores of Eastern Passage to support flying boat patrol aircraft.
The seaplane station was taken over by the Air Board in 1920 for civil flying operations, and later developed by the Canadian Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force.
In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Dartmouth, Nova Scotia at with a variation of 23 degrees west and elevation of .
Base rationalization and defence budget cutbacks for the Canadian Forces during the mid-1990s saw a largely administrative move when the formation CFB Shearwater stood down and the facilities transferred to the formation CFB Halifax and aircraft operations becoming the responsibility of newly formed 12 Wing.
During the late 1990s and early 2000s the Shearwater airfield was scaled back significantly as the facility transitioned to a heliport with surplus lands identified and transferred to Canada Lands Company.
As part of the Department of National Defence's Shearwater Heliport Conversion Project, runway 10H/28H was reduced in length to the east end only in July 2007.
These changes allowed for heliport operations including instrument approaches and were accompanied with the construction of other non-airfield facilities in support of the Maritime Helicopter Project.
As part of the heliport conversion project, the old runway 16/34 was permanently closed and placed outside (east) of a new fence for the Shearwater Heliport, as shown in the Canada Flight Supplement effective 31 July 2008.
This land for the old runway 16/34 was then transferred by the Department of National Defence to the Canada Lands Company for sale.
On 3 April 2009 the land for the old runway 16/34 was re-transferred from Canada Lands Company back to DND, however its future use is unknown.
Shearwater Heliport's primary mission remains as a heliport in support of the Royal Canadian Navy's Maritime Forces Atlantic warships with shipborne helicopters operated by 12 Wing, a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force.
12 Wing's squadrons at Shearwater Heliport in Nova Scotia and at Patricia Bay in British Columbia currently operate the Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King but is expected to re-equip with the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone commencing in 2012 with the conclusion of the Maritime Helicopter Project.
There are currently numerous construction projects ongoing at Shearwater Heliport in support of the Maritime Helicopter Project, including the Maritime Helicopter Training Centre where No.
406 Squadron will be located, as well as a new No.423 (MH) Squadron hangar facility, a new 12 Air Maintenance Squadron facility with 6 repair bays, and a new Operational Support Facility where the Helicopter Operational Test and Evaluation Facility (HOTEF) and various 12 Wing headquarter functions will be located.
The Shearwater Heliport is the location of the headquarters of 12 Wing, whose sole purpose is to support and operate shipborne helicopters for the Royal Canadian Navy.
Beginning in the 1970s, CFB Shearwater began hosting an Armed Forces Day every fall, typically on the weekend following Labour Day, and included an air show where the long and wide runways at Shearwater hosted some of the largest aircraft in the world, including the U.S. Air Force's C-5 Galaxy transport planes and B-52 Stratofortress bombers.
Defence cutbacks and unit and facility realignments from 1994 to 1996 saw CFB Shearwater stand down as a separate formation and the facility merged as an airfield attached to CFB Halifax.
Modifications to the airfield from 2002 onward as part of the Shearwater Heliport Conversion Project saw runways closed, eliminating the ability of fixed-wing aircraft to land at Shearwater, forcing the airshow to remove the static (ground) display component of the event, with the air show component continuing to be staged in the skies over Shearwater (using the nearby Halifax Stanfield International Airport as the fixed-wing airfield).
From 2004 to 2008 the show was held at Halifax Stanfield International Airport which allowed for both static (ground) display and air show at the same venue, however the airport was deemed unsuitable due to numerous interruptions in the air show component by civilian air traffic movements.
The air show moved to Yarmouth Airport in 2009 but returned to Shearwater in 2010, the first time since 2003 that an air show was held at the historic airfield (but again with no ground component).
The Eagle Talon is a two-door 2+2, Front-wheel drive (FWD) or All-wheel drive (AWD) hatchback coupé manufactured and marketed between 1989 and 1998 and sold by Eagle along with rebadged variants the Plymouth Laser and Mitsubishi Eclipse.
The Talon, Laser and Eclipse were badge variants using the Chrysler D platform, manufactured at the DSM (Diamond Star Motors joint venture between Chrysler and Mitsubishi) manufacturing plant in Normal, Illinois.
The base model DL did not use this engine but still had a bulge as evident in the 1992 Talon brochure.
The ES model (or just the base Talon before 1993) sported a naturally aspirated 2.0 L 135 hp Mitsubishi 4G63 engine.
The front-drive TSi produced only 190 hp due to a more restrictive exhaust system, and the automatics produced due to a 13g turbo.
Mechanically, the new Talon and Eclipse models were almost identical with the engines in the turbocharged versions receiving a modest increase in output thanks to a redesigned intake and exhaust, higher 8.5:1 (vs. 7.8:1) compression pistons, and new turbocharger.
The new T25 turbocharger, provided by Garrett, had boost increased to 12 psi of peak boost and was smaller than the previous Mitsubishi built 14b turbo that was on 1G models.
The T25 did spool up faster than the previous turbocharger in order to increase the turbo response or reduce turbo lag.
While the 1G had MacPherson struts in the front, the 2G had double-wishbone in the front and multilink suspension in the rear.
From an aesthetic standpoint, the differences between the Eagle Talon and its Mitsubishi equivalent were somewhat more substantial than exhibited in the first generation models.
Other differences included the air intake beneath the front bumper, which did not have a body-colored splitter (minor difference), and the absence of side skirts.
Lastly, on the TSi and TSi AWD models, the aluminum wheels were increased to and incorporated more angles replacing the curved 5-spoke wheel.
There was a slight change in gear ratios and the number of splines on the shaft feeding power to the transfer case was altered.
TSi adds: turbocharged engine, sport-tuned exhaust system, upgraded suspension, driver's seat lumbar support adjustment, split folding rear seat, leather-wrapped steering wheel and manual gearshift handle, power mirrors, turbo boost and oil pressure gauges, cassette player, lighted visor mirrors, rear defogger, cargo-area cover, cargo net, lower bodyside cladding, fog lamps, 205/55/R16 tires, alloy wheels.
The Talon won the SCCA World Challenge touring car championship from 1990 to 1991 and the GT Touring championship from 1993 to 1995.
Eddie Garrison drove a 1997 Eagle Talon TSi to Rookie of the Year honors in the 2007 Grand Bayou Race Series hosted by No Problem Raceway in Belle Rose, Louisiana.
It was marketed as a sportier model in the line-up (with the exception of the 5.9 Limited) and featured Indigo blue trim and monochromatic scheme that was available on the Talon.
The TSi name reappeared again, as a high-performance model for the Chrysler Sebring sedan, for the 2005 and 2006 model years.
On 24 March 1944 a patrol of German police came to the house of Józef and Wiktoria Ulma, where they found eight Jewish members of the Szall and Goldman families.
When the six children began to scream at the sight of their parents' bodies, Joseph Kokott, a German police officer (Volksdeutsche from Sudetenland), shot them after consulting with his superior.
He holds the record for the most goals in the history of English league football, scoring 434 from 619 league games.
He holds the club record for the most goals in a single season at both Leicester City and Shrewsbury Town, scoring 44 goals in 42 league matches at Leicester in 1956–57 and 38 goals in 43 games for Shrewsbury in 1958–59.
Born in Wolverhampton where he was educated at Dudley Road School and later at St Peter's Collegiate School, he started his career originally as a centre-half before moving up front where his prowess in the forward line won him an early selection into the schools first team.
On leaving school in 1940, Rowley went to work for a sheet metal firm doing war work before joining his older brother Jack in Manchester.
The following day, 26 April 1941, at 15 years and 5 days old, he became the youngest ever player to feature in the Manchester United first team when he lined up alongside Jack in a war-time league match against Liverpool at Anfield.
Rowley also played regularly as an amateur at Wolverhampton Wanderers as guest during the war, before turning professional with West Bromwich Albion later in the summer of 1944.
Albion sold Rowley early in the 1948–49 season to Fulham, where he immediately found his goal-scoring touch, scoring 19 goals in 22 appearance as he helped the side to the Second Division title.
There was much criticism from Leicester fans originally towards manager Norman Bullock on signing the relatively unproven Rowley as a replacement for the well-liked Jack Lee.
By the end of his debut season, his 28 goals had appeased the crowd, though the club still finished in a disappointing 14th position.
It was in his second season that Rowley began to make a name for himself as he broke Arthur Chandler's club record for the most goals in a season, netting 38 times.
He then broke his own record again the following season, scoring 41 times in 42 games, 39 of these goals coming in the league, earning him the Second Division golden boot award.
However, Leicester lasted just one season in the First Division as they were relegated back to the second tier at the first attempt.
A couple of seasons later, in 1956–57, Rowley broke the club record for the most goals in a season for the third time, scoring 44 times in 42 games (this record still stands today), again earning him the Second Division top goalscorer award and again leading Leicester to the Second Division title.
Rowley scored a further 20 times in 25 games in 1957–58 to help Leicester this time avoid relegation back to the second tier.
However Dave Halliday decided to sell Rowley in the summer of 1958 when he was just 8 goals short of Arthur Chandler's club record for the all-time top goalscorer.
In the summer of 1958 Rowley left Leicester, who were playing in the First Division, to become the player-manager of Shrewsbury Town of the newly created Fourth Division.
In his first season at the Gay Meadow Rowley led Shrewsbury to promotion with a haul of 38 goals in 43 games, winning the Fourth Division golden boot.
After retiring as a player Rowley managed Shrewsbury for another four years before becoming manager of Sheffield United on 11 July 1968.
United had just been relegated to Division Two but despite good signings who would later gain the team promotion, results were disappointing and he was sacked on 6 August 1969.
He managed Southend United from 1970 to 1976 and was also assistant manager of Telford United and manager of non-league Knighton Town and Oswestry Town before leaving football.
Rowley represented Shropshire in three Minor Counties Championship matches between 1961 and 1962 as a right-handed batsman and a leg break bowler.
He died in December 2002 aged 76 and was buried on Saturday 26 December (Boxing Day) in Shrewsbury General Cemetery in Longden Road.
Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about south of Konya.
In the 6th century BC it came under Achaemenid rule until 322 BC, when it was destroyed by Perdiccas, a former general of Alexander the Great, after he had defeated Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia.
It belonged to the Roman and later Byzantine Empire until it was captured by the Seljuks in the early 12th century.
In 1468 the Karamanids were conquered by the Ottomans and in 1483 the capital of the province was moved to Konya.
An exquisite mihrab from a mosque from Karaman can now be found in the Çinili Pavilion near the Archeology Museum in Istanbul.
The poet Yunus Emre (c. 1238–1320) resided in Karaman during his later years and is believed to lie buried beside the Yunus Emre Mosque.
In 1222, the Sufi preacher Bahaeddin Veled arrived in town with his family, and the Karamanoğlu emir built a medrese to accommodate them.
Veled's son was the famous Mevlana Jelaluddin Rumi, who married his wife, Gevher Hatun, while his family was living in Karaman.
She was buried, along with other family members, in the Aktekke Mosque (also known as the Mader-i Mevlana Cami), which Alaeddin Ali Bey had built to replace the original medrese in 1370.
Some words are simple transliterations of Japanese language words for concepts inherent to Japanese culture, but some are actually words of Chinese origin that were first exposed to English via Japan.
The words on this page are an incomplete list of words which are listed in major English dictionaries and whose etymologies include Japanese.
The following ethnic groups are found in the department: Bora, Cocama, Macuna, Mirana, Okaina, Ticunas, Tucano, Uitoto, Yagua, and Yucuna, among others.
Arauca Department (, ) is a department of Colombia located in the extreme north of the Orinoco Basin of Colombia (the Llanos Orientales), bordering Venezuela.
The southern boundary of Arauca is formed by the Casanare and Meta Rivers, separating Arauca from the departments of Casanare and Vichada.
He was first a soldier in the company of Georg von Speyer, who passed through the south of present Venezuela and the eastern part of what is today known as Colombia.
In the eighteenth century, being expelled from the Jesuits under Viceroy Pedro Mesia de la Zerda, the Augustinian Recollect succeeded in their mission of evangelization.
They founded five centers of the catechism: Solitude of Cravo, Cuiloto San Javier, San Jose del Ele, Lipa San Joaquin and San Fernando de Arauca.
In 1810, the Araucanian territory became part of the newly created province of Casanare and in 1819 Arauca was incorporated into the province of Cundinamarca.
By decree 113 of January 20, 1955, the territory was elevated to the national quartermaster, and finally, with the Constitution of July 5, 1991, Arauca became a department.
There are small numbers of descendants of European immigrants: the Spanish, German, Portuguese, Italian, French, British, Dutch, Polish, Greek and Arab (i.e.
Six indigenous groups populate this region; U'wa with 1,124 members; Betoye at 800, Sikuani number 782, 441 Hitnü are registered, Kuiba count up to 241, Hitanü are listed at 110, the Chiricoa amount to 63 and thirty Piapoco are registered in Arauca.
They are located in the northeastern foothills of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, until the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy in Boyacá.
The main economical activity of Arauca is centered around the oil industry, with the Caño Limón oilfields as the most important source.
The soils of the region have shown good conditions for growing cacao, bananas, cassava, rice, corn and fruit trees, as well as industrial crops such as African palmtree, sorghum, soybeans and sesame.
East Williamsburg is a name for the area in the northwestern portion of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, United States, which lies between Williamsburg, Greenpoint, and Bushwick.
Much of this area is still referred to as either Bushwick, Williamsburg, or Greenpoint with the term East Williamsburg falling out of use since the 1990s.
East Williamsburg consists roughly of what was the 3rd District of the Village of Williamsburg and what is now called the East Williamsburg In-Place Industrial Park (EWIPIP), bounded by the neighborhoods of Northside and Southside Williamsburg to the west, Greenpoint to the north, Bushwick to the south and southeast, and both Maspeth and Ridgewood in Queens to the east.
In the 18th century, Bushwick was already an established town, and the waterfront area that provided ferry service to the island of Manhattan was simply known as Bushwick Shore.
During the Revolutionary War occupation of the area by the British, the land was cleared, with the wood of the thickets being used for fuel.
In 1800, Richard M. Woodhull purchased the waterfront property and laid out a settlement, naming it Williamsburgh after his friend and surveyor Colonel Jonathan Williams.
Williamsburgh was incorporated as a village in 1827 (as a part of the town of Bushwick), and included 26 streets running East to West and 12 streets east of the shore line running North to South.
On April 18, 1835, the village of Williamsburg was extended eastward to Bushwick Avenue and to Flushing Avenue on the Southeast (then known as Newtown Road).
The region that is now circumscribed on the west by Union Ave, on the south by Broadway, then along Flushing Avenue to Bushwick Avenue on the east and on the north (approximately) by the Newtown Creek was designated as the Third District of the Village of Williamsburg in 1835.
At this time, the three districts of Williamsburg were more commonly known as the North Side, South Side, and the New Village.
In 1854, Williamsburg was incorporated into the City of Brooklyn, which was one of the original six Dutch Townships of western Long Island.
Upon consolidation with Brooklyn in 1854, Districts one (North Side) and two (South Side) became, respectively, Wards 14 and 13 of the City of Brooklyn.
Ward 15 was the section north of Ten Eyck Street, between Union Avenue and Bushwick Avenue, with the addition of the portion of Ainslie, Grand, Hope, and South Second Streets between west of Union Avenue and east of Rodney Street.
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of East Williamsburg was 34,158, an increase of 2,280 (7.2%) from the 31,878 counted in 2000.
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 43.1% (14,706) White, 9.3% (3,189) African American, 0.1% (40) Native American, 12.7% (4,354) Asian, 0.1% (21) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (115) from other races, and 1.6% (561) from two or more races.
On the border with Bedford-Stuyvesant is the Flushing Avenue stop of the BMT Jamaica Line () and the Flushing Avenue stop of the IND Crosstown Line ().
East Williamsburg is also served by the B24 bus on Kingsland and Meeker Avenues, the B57 on Flushing Avenue, the B60 on Johnson and Morgan Avenues, the Q54 on Metropolitan Avenue, and the Q59 on Grand Avenue.
The Kosciuszko Bridge (carrying Interstate 278) and the Grand Street Bridge across the Newtown Creek connect East Williamsburg with Maspeth, Queens.
East Williamsburg is in Brooklyn Community Board 1 and is bounded by the East River, Kent Avenue, Flushing Avenue, and the Newtown Creek.
The neighborhood includes the zip codes 11211, served by the Williamsburg Post Office at 263 S. 4th Street; 11206, served by the Metropolitan-Bushwick Post Office at 47 Debevoise Street; 11222, served by the Greenpoint Post Office at 66 Meserole Avenue; and 11237, served by the Wyckoff Heights-Bushwick Post Office at 86 Wyckoff Avenue.
There are several public housing projects in East Williamsburg, including the Williamsburg Houses, Borinquen Plaza Houses, Cooper Park Houses, John Francis Hylan Houses, and the Bushwick Houses.
The eastern half of East Williamsburg, roughly bounded by the Newtown Creek on the east and by I-278 and Flushing Avenue on the north and south, respectively, is mostly zoned for industry with some residential housing mixed among the warehouses and factories.
The section is currently referred to by the city as the East Williamsburg Industrial Park (EWIP), or formally the East Williamsburg In-Place Industrial Park (EWIPIP).
The EWIP is one of eight In-Place Industrial Parks in New York City and is managed by the East Williamsburg Valley Industrial Development Corporation (EWVIDCO), a company founded in 1982 with the goal of revitalizing East Williamsburg by attracting new businesses, providing business assistance to existing firms and grow overall job opportunities in the neighborhood.
In the late 19th century the region east of the present-day Humboldt Street, west of the Newtown Creek, south of Meeker Avenue, and north of Metropolitan Avenue was the 18th ward of the City of Brooklyn.
The north part of the EWIP is served by the Greenpoint Post Office and is considered by some to be part of Greenpoint.
The portion of the EWIP to the South of Metropolitan Avenue was historically part of Bushwick and is still referred by many as being in Bushwick.
For many years a well-known landmark in East Williamsburg was a pair of cylindrical natural gas holders located on Maspeth Avenue, built in 1927 and 1948 by Brooklyn Union Gas, and demolished in 2001.
The section of Brooklyn that lies east of Bushwick Avenue, bordered by Metropolitan Avenue and Flushing Avenue on the North and South, is referred to some as being part of East Williamsburg since the region is part of EWIP.
Factories and warehouses are being decommissioned due to heavy and light industry leaving the area, and were converted into loft and apartment space, similar to the residential development of the DUMBO neighborhood in Brooklyn An example of this can be seen in the adjacent picture which shows the two loft buildings on McKibbin St., 255 McKibbin and 248 McKibbin.
Since the late 19th century, most of the immigrants to this section have come from Italy or from Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries.
Graham Avenue (also known as Avenue of Puerto Rico to the south of Grand Street, and Via Vespucci to the north), Grand Street, and Metropolitan Avenue are the main shopping districts.
By the late 1880s, the neighborhood along Graham Avenue was inhabited by many Italian immigrants, as evidenced by The Saint Mary of the Snow Society at 410 Graham Avenue, established in 1888.
Italians also attended St. Cecilia's Catholic Church at 84 Herbert Street, which was established in 1871 and run mainly by Irish.
Other Italian societies in the neighborhood include Sabino Society on Withers St., the San Cono Society on Ainslie St. A second wave of Italian immigration occurred from World War II until the 1970s.
The neighborhood also was home to The Motion Lounge, the former nightclub at 420 Graham Avenue owned by Bonanno crime family caporegime Dominick Napolitano.
Pratt Institute, New York University, School of Visual Arts, Fashion Institute of Technology, The New School) and the relatively inexpensive rent.
The rent is rising however, and the influx of said students has made housing more competitive pushing out those who cannot afford the rising cost of living in the north.
Its full name is Villa de Santa Bárbara de Arauca, it is located at N 07° 05′ 25″ - W 70° 45′ 42″.
Arauca was founded on December 4, 1780, by Juan Isidro Daboín on the site of an indigenous hamlet of about ten families called Guahibo.
Arauca was named after the Arauca River, which now separates it from Venezuela, which river in turn was named for the indigenous people the Arauca.
At one point, it was the capital of the New Granada Province of Casanare which was much larger than the current Department of Casanare.
But increasingly, since 1984 it is the exploitation of nearby petroleum (oil sands) that has provided the bulk of municipal income in recent years.
Located in the southwestern part of the country, facing the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Valle del Cauca Department to the north, Tolima Department to the northeast, Huila Department to the east, and Nariño Department to the south.
It is located in the southwest of the country on the Andean and Pacific regions (between 0°58′54″N and 3°19′04″N latitude, 75°47′36″W and 77°57′05″W longitude).
The municipalities are grouped into 27 circles and 29 notaries notary, a circle-based registration in Popayán and eight sectional offices based in Bolívar, Caloto, Puerto Tejada, Santander de Quilichao, Patia, Guapi and Silvia, makes up the judicial district, Popayán, with 8 seats judicial circuit in Popayán, Bolívar, Caloto, Guapi, Patia, Puerto Tejada, Santander de Quilichao and Silvia.
The relief of the territory of the department of Cauca belongs to the Andean system at the macro level seven distinguishing morphological units: the Pacific plate, western cordillera, Central cordillera, highlands of Popayán, Macizo Colombiano, Valle del Patia and the sector of the Amazon basin.
The Pacific plate comprises two sectors, the alluvial coastal belt or platform characterized by low, covered with mangrove forest, swampy, both the quantity of rivers, estuaries and reaching the Pacific coast, such as being subjected the ebb and flow of tides, the other area is the actual plain of hills comprising the western slopes of the western cordillera.
Among the most important landmarks are the blade of Napí, the hills of Guaduas, Munchique, and Naya, and the Cauca River Valley.
The central mountain range crosses the department from south to north; relevant landmarks include Sotará Colcano, Petacas Nevado del Huila, and the departmental boundary.
The highlands of Popayán, sandwiched between the Western and Central Cordilleras, is seen as a landmark within the plateau of the hill of La Tetilla.
Among the most representative landmarks of the Colombian Massif, shared with the department of Huila, are the Páramo del Buey, the volcanoes of Cutanga and Puracé, the peak of Paletará, and the Sierra Nevada of Coconucos.
Patia Valley, framed by the Central and Western mountain ranges, where the Patia River runs north-south extends to the department of Nariño.
The Colombian Massif is a strategic national and international level, given its significance for water production, biodiversity and ecosystems, an area that represents a special conformation of the regions with more potential for development in Colombia.
Alto Cauca, formed by the Cauca River and its tributaries: Palo, Guengué, Negro, Teta, Desbaratado, and Quilichao, Mondomo, Ovejas, Pescador, Robles, Piedras, Sucio, Palacé, Cofre, Honda, Cajibío, Piendamó, Tunia, Molino, Timbío and Blanco.
Alto Magdalena, the main river is the Páez River which is fed by the rivers: San Vicente, Moras, Ullucos, Negro y Negro de Narvaez, and the streams: Toez, Símbola, Salado, Gualcar, Gallo, Macana, Honda and Totumo.
Agriculture has been developed and modernized in the northern department, with the main crops being sugar cane, cane panela, conventional maize, rice, corn tech, banana, agave, yucca, potatoes, coconut, sorghum, cocoa, groundnut, and palm.
The manufacturing industry is located in Popayán, Santander de Quilichao, Puerto Tejada with factories of food, beverages, dairy products, paper, packaging, wood processing, sugar industry and paper processing for export.
The region was first inhabited by indigenous peoples known as Euparíes in the Valley of Upar and Guatapuríes in the Valley of the Cesar river, among these were the Orejones pertaining to the Tupe, Acanayutos pertaining to the Motilon and Alcoholados pertaining to the Chimila.
The first European to explore the area was Spanish Captain Pedro de Vadillo, but German Ambrosio Alfínger savagely conquered the region in 1532.
In 1857 became a province of the state of Magdalena and by Law of December 29, 1864 became the department of Valledupar pertaining to state of Magdalena.
The department of Cesar is located in northern Colombia bordering to the north with the department of La Guajira, to the east with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, to the west with the department of Magdalena, to the southwest with the Department of Bolivar and to the south with the departments of North Santander and Santander covering a total area of 22,905 km².
The majority of the Department is flat in 57% of the total area and 43% mountainous mainly in the Serranía del Perijá and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain ranges.
The Department of Cesar contains five Ecoregions; the Serranía del Perijá mountain range, the valley of the Cesar River, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range, the valley of the Magdalena River and the Cienaga de Zapatosa marshes complex.
The Serranía del Perijá covers, partially or totally the area of 17 municipalities in the Department of Cesar; Aguachica, Codazzi, Becerril, Chimichagua, Chiriguana, Curumani, Gonzalez, La Gloria, La Jagua de Ibirico, Los Robles La Paz, Manaure, Pailitas, Pelaya, Rio de Oro, San Alberto, San Diego and San Martin.
There are also the indigenous reserves pertaining to the Yukpas people; Iroka, Socorpa and Menkue-Misaya-La Pista; and to the Wiwas people; Caño Padilla, El Rosario-Bella Vista-Yucatán and Campoalegre.
Approximately 70% of the mountain range preserves unique flora and fauna and some 20 rivers are born in the mountain range among other minor streams, flowing into the Department of Cesar and feeding the Magdalena and Cesar river basins and the Cienaga de Zapatosa marshes.
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range is an isolated mountain range located in the northwestern region of the Department of Cesar.
The mountain range is shared with by Department of La Guajira, which covers the northern area, the Department of Magdalena to the western side and the Department of Cesar which covers the southern face, covering a total area of 16,615 km² (1'661,500 ha) of which 380,000 ha pertain to the Department of Cesar.
The Cesar River and the western side of its basin is born on the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, including the Guatapuri, Badillo, Ariguani, Cesarito, Los Clavos, Garupal and Rio Seco rivers.
Mountain climate in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá cools downs the higher the altitude reachin freezing low temperatures at the snowy peaks and the region has two rainy seasons and two dry seasons, averaging a temperature throughout the year of 28°C.
The mountainous regions are characterized by low temperatures with snow at high altitude peaks and precipitations ranging more than 2,000 mm a year.
The region was first inhabited by indigenous peoples known as Euparíes in the Valley of Upar and Guatapuríes in the Valley of the Cesar river, among these were the Orejones pertaining to the Tupe, Acanayutos pertaining to the Motilon and Alcoholados pertaining to the Chimila.
These tribes are believed to be related to the Mesoamerican culture, the Caribs and Arawaks, directly associated to the Muisca culture in the Colombian eastern branch of the Andes.
Archeological findings has shown that the indigenous in the area worked with stones and wood, including a boomerang shaped weapon found in a cemetery at Los Robles La Paz.
The first European to explore the area was Spanish Captain Pedro de Vadillo, but German Ambrosio Alfínger savagely conquered the region in 1531.
In 1857 became a province of the State of Magdalena and by Law of December 29, 1864 became the Department of Valledupar pertaining to State of Magdalena.
For administrative reasons the Department of Cesar is subdivided into 4 strategic regions; the Northern Subregion covering the municipalities of Valledupar, Codazzi, Pueblo Bello, La Paz, Manaure and San Diego.
The Central Subregion covering the municipalities of Curumani, Becerril, Chiriguana, La Jagua de Ibirico, Chimichagua, Tamalameque and Pailitas; and the Southern Subregion covering the municipalities of Aguachica, Gamarra, Gonzalez, La Gloria, Pelaya, Rio de Oro, San Alberto and San Martin.
The economy of the César Department is sustained by the agricultural sector, secondly by a services industry following with commercial industry and mining.
Cattle raising is exploited extensively (using large farms), and for this reason large portions of forests have been chopped off to create corrals.
As one of the biggest water resources areas of Colombia, if not America, part of the Magdalena River crosses the Department and helps create the Cienaga de Zapatosa (Zapatosa Marsh) along with the Cesar river.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal was a major economic, political, and cultural power, its global empire stretching from the Americas, to Africa, and various regions of Asia and Oceania.
Portugal, as a country with a long history, is home to several ancient architectural structures, as well as typical art, furniture and literary collections mirroring and chronicling the events that shaped the country and its peoples.
It has a large number of cultural landmarks ranging from museums to ancient church buildings to medieval castles, which testify its rich national cultural heritage.
In the larger cities visits to the theatre, concerts or galleries of modern exhibitions are popular, and Portugal can boast not only international-scale venues in Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Guimarães and Coimbra but also many acclaimed artists from various disciplines.
Lisbon (1994), Porto (2001) and Guimarães (2012) were all designated European Capitals of Culture, contributing to a current renaissance in artistic creation, and in 2004 Portugal hosted the European football finals in specially constructed stadiums.
Local festivities are very popular during the summer season in all kinds of localities ranging from villages to cities, as well as beach holidays from July to September.
Portuguese people in almost all major towns and the cities like to know their places which are generally well equipped with modern facilities and offer a wide variety of attractions ranging from shops and stores of the most renowned brands to cinemas, restaurants and hypermarkets.
Portugal boasts several scores of medieval castles, as well as the ruins of several villas and forts from the period of Celtic and Roman occupation.
Modern Portuguese architecture follow the most advanced trends seen in European mainstream architecture with no constraints, though preserving some of its singular characteristics.
Portugal is perhaps best known for its distinctive Late-Gothic Manueline architecture, with its rich, intricate designs attributed to Portugal's Age of Discoveries.
Thanks to the gold of Brazil, hired foreign artists, such Nicolao Nasoni, King John V, ordered to perform various works of art.
The creations of Portuguese artists can be seen on the altars of gilded panels and tiles, blue and white, that adorn churches, halls, staircases and gardens.
During this period were built in Portugal in the great works of art which are: Library of the Convent and Convent of Mafra, the Tower of the Clerics, the Baroque Library, the Church and stairs of Bom Jesus de Braga, the Shrine of Our Lady of Remedies in Lamego, the Palace and the Port of Ash Solar de Mateus in Vila Real.
Folk dances include: Circle dance, Fandango (of the Ribatejo region), Two Steps Waltz, Schottische (Chotiça), Corridinho (of the Algarve and Estremadura regions), Vira (of the Minho region), Bailarico, Vareirinha, Malhão, Vareira, Maneio, Vira de Cruz, Vira Solto, Vira de Macieira, Sapatinho, Tau-Tau, Ciranda, Zé que Fumas, Regadinho, O Pedreiro and Ó Ti Taritatu.
A film is considered a success when it draws an audience of more than which few Portuguese films manage to achieve.
Director Manoel de Oliveira was the oldest director in the world, and continued to make films until his death on 2 April 2015, at the age of 106.
Retrospectives of his works have been shown at the Los Angeles Film Festival (1992), the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. (1993), the San Francisco Film Festival, and the Cleveland Museum of Art (1994).
The Courtyard of Songs), a comedy/ musical from 1942 directed by Francisco Ribeiro, with Vasco Santana (as Narciso), António Silva (as Evaristo), Francisco Ribeiro (as Rufino) and others.
The Crime of Father Amaro) is a Portuguese film (2005) adapted from a book of Eça de Queiroz, directed by Carlos Coelho da Silva.
The main characters are Jorge Corrula as Padre Amaro and Soraia Chaves as Amélia, and the main ingredients of this film are the sex and the nudity.
Zona J: is a Portuguese drama/romance film directed by Leonel Vieira in 1998, starring Sílvia Alberto, Ana Bustorff, Núria Madruga, Milton Spencer and Félix Fontoura.
The Trunk) directed by Fernando Fragata, starring Hélder Mendes, António Feio, Adelaide de Sousa, Rui Unas, Isabel Figueira, Bruno Nogueira, Carla Matadinho, Tânia Miller and Zé Pedro.
Alice directed by Marco Martins and starring Beatriz Batarda, Nuno Lopes, Miguel Guilherme, Ana Bustorff, Laura Soveral, Ivo Canelas, Carla Maciel, José Wallenstein and Clara Andermatt is a multi-prize film from 2005.
Have won prizes in Cannes Film Festival; Las Palmas Festival in Spain; Golden Globes in Portugal; Mar del Plata International Film Festival in Argentina, Raindance film Festival in United Kingdom and other prizes.
Meu Querido Mês de Agosto directed by Miguel Gomes is a hybrid fiction/documentary film from 2009 that achieved some visibility at the Cannes Film Festival.
Tabu directed by Miguel Gomes starring Ana Moreira, Carloto Cotta, Ivo Mueller, Laura Soveral, Manuel Mesquita, Isabel Muñoz Cardoso, Henrique Espírito Santo and Teresa Madruga.
The film won two prizes in the 2012 Berlin International Film Festival and another two in the Las Palmas Festival in Spain.
Rafa, a short-film directed by João Salaviza, starring Rodrigo Perdigão and Joana de Verona.This film have win the best short film is Berlin International Film Festival in 2012.
Sangue do meu Sangue directed by João Canijo, starring Rita Blanco, Nuno Lopes, Cleia Almeida, Anabela Moreira, Rafael Morais and Fernando Luís.
Is a multi-prized film from 2012 that won prizes in: International auteur cinema festival of Barcelona; Miami Festival, Pau Festival in France; New Vision Award in Crossing Europe Festival in Austria; San Sebastin Festival; Otra Mirada Prize by TVE channel in Spain; Faial Film Festival in Portugal; Golden Globes in Portugal; Auteur Portuguese Society in Portugal and Ways of Portuguese cinema in Coimbra, Portugal.
O Barão directed by Edgar Pêra, starring Nuno Melo, Luísa Costa Gomes, Leonor Keil, Edgar Pêra, Marina Albuquerque, Miguel Sermão and Marcos Barbosa in 2010.
Portugal is a country of wine lovers and winemakers, known since the Roman Empire-era; the Romans immediately associated Portugal with its God of Wine Bacchus.
Today, many Portuguese wines are known as some of the world's best: Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho Verde, Rosé and the sweet: Port wine (Vinho do Porto, literally Porto's wine), Madeira wine, Muscatel of Setúbal, and Moscatel of Favaios.
Portuguese literature has developed since the 12th century from the lyrical works of João Soares de Paiva, Paio Soares de Taveirós and King D.Dinis.
Following chroniclers such as Fernão Lopes after the 15th century, fiction has its roots in chronicles and histories with theatre, following Gil Vicente, the father of Portuguese theatre, whose works was critical of the society of his time.
Romanticism and Realism period authors from 19th century including Antero de Quental, Almeida Garrett, Camilo Pessanha, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Alexandre Herculano, Ramalho Ortigão, Júlio Dinis and others.
Herberto Hélder is a young poet highly considered in Portugal from the recent wave of writers such us Valter Hugo Mãe, José Luís Peixoto, Gonçalo M. Tavares, Jorge Reis-Sá, Maria Antonieta Preto, José Ricardo Pedro and others.
The 1960s started a period of expansion and innovation with pop, rock and jazz introduced and evolving, political song developed, the fado of Lisbon and the Coimbra were revitalized.
Music from the former colonies occupied an increasingly important place in the capital's musical life and local styles of rap and hip hop emerged.
Lisbon also has a metropolitan orchestra, and the National Theatre of São Carlos in Lisbon, which was built in the late 18th century, has its own orchestra and ballet company.
In all the times and all places mankind always showed great ingenuity making sound and music from existing materials in its natural environment.
The Iberian Peninsula was home to a lot of different peoples and cultures, so its normal to these cultures to influence the others but still retain a little of their aspects - this happened with the Portuguese music.
Portuguese folk music is the joint of the traditional songs of a community that express through a poetic character their beliefs and tell their history to other people and generations.
The danças do vira (Minho), Pauliteiros de Miranda (Miranda), Corridinho do Algarve or Bailinho (Madeira), are some examples of dances created by the sound of folk.
Some of the typical instruments used are a guitar, mandolin, bagpipes, accordion, violin, drums, Portuguese guitar and an enormous variety of wind and percussion instruments.
Lidia Costa, Carlos Marques, Alberto Madurai, José Caminos and Railcar Morays are some of the most important names in philharmonic music.
Fado (translated as destiny or fate) is a music genre which can be traced from the 1820s, but possibly with much earlier origins.
It is a kind of longing, and conveys a complex mixture of mainly nostalgia, but also sadness, pain, happiness and love).
According to tradition, to applaud fado in Lisbon you clap your hands, in Coimbra you cough as if clearing your throat.
Mainstream fado performances during the 20th century included only a singer, a Portuguese guitar player and a classical guitar player but more recent settings range from singer and string quartet to full orchestra.
Fado is probably the oldest urban folk music in the world and represents the heart of the Portuguese soul, and for that matter fado performance is not successful if an audience is not moved to tears.
Portugal has been an important centre of practice and production of music over the centuries, as the music history of Portugal expresses.
In contemporary classical music, notable Portuguese musicians include the pianists Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires and equeira Costa, and the composers: Fernando Lopes-Graça, Emmanuel Nunes, João Pedro Oliveira, Jorge Peixinho, Constança Capdeville, Clotilde Rosa, Fernando Corrêa de Oliveira, Cláudio Carneyro, Frederico de Freitas, Joly Braga Santos and Isabel Soveral.
The Portuguese rock started to be noted in 1980 with the release of Ar de Rock by Rui Veloso, which was the first popular Portuguese rock song, other Portuguese bands and singers such Sétima Legião, Rádio Macau, Jafumega, Mão Morta, Taxi, Peste e Sida, were popular too.
Before that, Portugal had a vibrant underground progressive rock scene in the 1970s like Tantra, Quarteto 1111, José Cid and others in 1950 and 1960 rock and roll scene with bands like Os Conchas and Os Sheiks.
Among the numerous bands and artists which followed its genesis, are Xutos & Pontapés, GNR, Quinta do Bill, UHF, The Gift and Moonspell.
The 1980s and 1990s were marked by the search for a new musical discourse in urban popular music, the increase, commodification and industrialization of musical production, and the mediatization and expansion of music consumption.
The boom in Portuguese musical production was accompanied by both the diversification of the musical domains and styles produced and consumed in Portugal and the emergence of new styles which are increasingly taking the global market into account.
The denominated Pop music uses melodies easily to memorize, becoming very popular and commercial; it's also characterized by the amount of publicity made (through videos, magazines, appealing clothing, etc.
Political songs () played an important part in the protests against the totalitarian regime that ruled Portugal from 1926 up to the 1974 revolution.
One of its main protagonists was José (Zeca) Afonso (1929–1987) but others also contributed to its development, for example Adriano Correia de Oliveira, , , , , José Barata Moura and Sérgio Godinho.
They traced a new course for urban popular music and influenced a further generation of musicians, some of whom also participated in the protest movement and are still active, including Fausto, Vitorino, and Júlio Pereira, among others.
This musical style reflects a confluence of influences from traditional music, French urban popular songs of the 1960s, African music and Brazilian popular music.
By the late 1970s the revolutionary climate had subsided and the need to express political militancy through song was no longer felt by poets, composers and singers, who subsequently redefined both their role and their creative contribution.
Hip hop has been important since the 1980s with areas like Amadora, Cacém and the South Bank of the Tagus are considered to be the cradle of Hip Hop Tuga.
Apart from Lisbon, other urban centers also established vibrant hip hop scenes during the early nineties, especially Porto, that gave birth to important groups such as Mind Da Gap.
Summer festivals include Vilar de Mouros Festival, Festival Sudoeste, Rock in Rio Lisboa, Super Bock Super Rock, Festival de Paredes de Coura, Boom Festival, Ilha do Ermal Festival, etc.
Portuguese art was very restricted in the early years of nationality, during the reconquista, to a few paintings in churches, convents and palaces.
During the Golden Age of Portugal, in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese artists were influenced by Flemish art, and were in turn influential on Flemish artists of the same period.
During this period, Portuguese art became internationally well-known, mostly because of its very original and diverse characteristics, but little is known about the artists of this time due to the medieval culture that considered painters to be artisans.
In the 19th century, naturalist and realist painters like Columbano, Henrique Pousão and Silva Porto revitalized painting against a decadent academic art.
In the early 20th century, Portuguese art increased both in quality and quantity, mainly due to members of the Modernist movement like Amadeo de Souza Cardoso and Almada Negreiros.
In the post-war years the abstractionist painter Vieira da Silva settled in Paris and gained widespread recognition, as did her contemporary Paula Rego.
Portugal never developed a great Dramatic theatre tradition due primarily to the fact that the Portuguese were more passionate about lyric or humorous works than dramatic art.
Gil Vicente is often seen as the father of Portuguese theatre - he was the leading Portuguese playwright in the 16th century.
Born in 1926, Luís de Sttau Monteiro (1926–1993) wrote several plays, some of them portraying and criticising Portuguese society of his time.
The most important actors who performed this form of theatre in the 20th century were Vasco Santana (1898–1958), Beatriz Costa (1907–1996) and Ivone Silva (1935–1987).
Important Portuguese actors are Ruy de Carvalho, Eunice Muñoz, Rui Mendes, Irene Cruz, Luís Miguel Cintra, just to name a few.
Many companies have the works of Shakespeare, Molière, Brecht, Becket or Chekhov, and Portuguese classic and modern authors on their repertoire.
Some of the most important professional theatre companies nowadays are: Teatro da Cornucópia, Teatro da Comuna, Teatro Aberto, Teatro Meridional, Teatro da Garagem, Companhia de Teatro de Almada, Companhia Teatral do Chiado, A Barraca, Teatro dos Aloés, Teatro Praga, Artistas Unidos, Seiva Trupe, As boas raparigas, ACTA, among many others.
Portugal hosts several festivals such as FITEI, ACERT and FIAR, and one of the most important is Festival Internacional de Teatro de Almada (International Theatre Festival of Almada), organized for 25 years by Companhia de Teatro de Almada (Almada Theatre Company), with directors Joaquim Benite and Vítor Gonçalves.
Trasgos, almas penadas, peeiras, Jãs, maruxinhos, moledros, and marafonas all are part of a rich folklore tradition of mythical beings preserved in old people's lore and literature, frequently seen as the remains of pre-Christian traditions.
The lore associates the ancient monuments to the legends of the Enchanted Mouras and almost every Portuguese town has a tale of a Moura Encantada.
Loulé, Alcobaça, Mealhada, Funchal, Torres Vedras, Ovar and Figueira da Foz, among several other localities, hold several days of festivities, with parades where social and political criticism abound, along with music and dancing in an environment of euphorya.
There are some localities which preserve a more traditional carnival with typical elements of the ancient carnival traditions of Portugal and Europe.
Football started to become well known in Portugal in the final decades of the 19th century, brought by Portuguese students who returned from England.
The first person responsible for its implementation would have been Guilherme Pinto Basto (according to some people, his brothers Eduardo and Frederico would have brought the first ball from England).
It was he who had the initiative to organise an exhibition of the new game, which took place in October 1888, and it was also him who organized the first football match in January of the following year.
They are all clubs that traditionally have several sports activities but they give great distinction to football, making use of teams of professional players, which frequently participate in European competitions.
Manuel Rui Costa and Cristiano Ronaldo are also noteworthy, although Vítor Baía is the player in history with most titles won, including all European club cups.
The Portuguese national team also reached the semi-finals of the FIFA World Cup twice, in 1966, when Eusébio was the top scorer, with 9 goals, and also in 2006.
The year 2006 was the year that Portugal nearly won the FIFA World Cup tournament, ranking 4th overall, being defeated by France and Germany.
This was the first time since 1966, that the Portuguese football team had advanced to such a high qualifying round in a World Cup tournament.
Other than football, many other professional and well organized sport competitions take place every season in Portugal, including basketball, swimming, athletics, tennis, gymnastics, futsal, handball, and volleyball among the hundreds of sports played in this country.
In rink hockey, Portugal is the country with the most world titles: 15 World Championships and 20 European Championships, and in rugby sevens, the Portuguese team has won many international trophies, having as of July 2006, five European Championship titles.
The Autódromo Fernanda Pires da Silva in the Estoril, near Lisbon, is the main Portuguese race track, where many motorsport competitions are held, including the World Motorcycling Championship and A1 Grand Prix.
Rallying (with the Rally of Portugal and Rally Madeira) and off-road (with the Baja Portugal 1000 and recently Lisboa-Dakar) events also have international recognition.
The national team of shooting sports won the gold medal in the teams event, and Paulo Cleto won silver in the single men's competition.
Martial arts like judo have also brought many medals to this country, namely Telma Monteiro, who conquered gold twice at the European Championships in the -52 kg category, bronze in 2005 world championship in Cairo, and achieved silver in 2007 World Judo Championships.
Nuno Delgado, who conquered the bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, also became the European champion in 1999 (in Bratislava), and vice-champion in the year of 2003.
Manuel Centeno is also a major name in Portuguese sports, as he conquered the national, European and the world titles, in 2006 in bodyboarding after being the European champion back in 2001.
In surfing, Justin Mujica, European surfing champion in 2004, is now back in the competitions after recovering from a knee injury.
Tiago Pires reached the number one position at ASP WQS rating, and will probably be part of the main surfing competition.
The Portuguese team of basketball made a unique qualification to the European Championships and made through the second round, where it was eliminated.
In fencing, Joaquim Videira won the silver medal at the épée 2006 World Fencing Championships, and has conquered numerous medals in the world cup.
In addition to this, other popular sport-related recreational outdoor activities with thousands of enthusiasts nationwide include airsoft, fishing, golf, hiking, hunting, and orienteering.
It is in the west of the country, and is the only Colombian department to have coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
In March 2007, Colombian media reported that some 50 children starved in less than three months, creating awareness of the grave condition Chocó inhabitants are facing.
For example, despite its status as the world's rainiest lowland, with close to of annual precipitation, Quibdó was left without drinking water.
The department was created in 1944 being speaker at House of Representatives Pedro Yances Salcedo, but it was never legally established.
The municipality of Lloró holds the Highest Average Annual Precipitation record measured at 523.6 inches (13,300 mm) which makes it the wettest place in the world.
The Baudó Mountains on the coast and the Cordillera Occidental are cut by low valleys with an altitude less than 1,000 meters that form most of the territory.
The second race/ethnic group are the Emberá, the remaining Native American people, with more than half of their total population in Colombia living in Chocó, some 35,500.
The total population as of 2005 was less than half a million, with more than half living in the Quibdó valley.
Other important cities and towns include Istmina, Condoto, Nóvita and El Carmen in the interior, Acandí on the Caribbean Coast, and Solano on the Pacific Coast.
Yozgat has been subjected to a number of surveys and excavations in the past and it has become quite clear that there is still a great deal of history located under the surface of Yozgat.
Officials from the Yozgat Museum Directorate are expected to concentrate their efforts in uncovering an old world Roman bath that is said to be located in the Sarikaya neighborhood while other archaeologists are carrying out excavation work in Cadirhoyuk, home to the lost city of Pteria and one of the greatest ancient civilizations in world history.
Cadirhoyuk is located close to the Peyniryemez village in the Sorgun district and excavation work is planned to continue till the month of August 2014.
Since then archaeologists have uncovered countless artifacts belonging to 5 different ancient civilizations from the area and as well as artifacts that belong to 5 different eras – the Bronze, Hellenistic, Hittite, Copper and Upper Byzantine eras.
The search for this lost city as well as other old world constructions began in 2013 and it plans to go on till the month of August as well.
According to historical reports, Pteria was destroyed, burned and abandoned during the Battle of the Eclipse between the Lydians and the Medes.
This battle ended during a solar eclipse on 28 May 585 BC and it was understood to be an omen that the gods wanted the fighting to stop.
A team headed by Dr. Stefania Mazzoni has been working at the site since the year 2008 and it is believed that the Hittite civilization as well as the city of Zippalandawas once existed in the region.
As a part of these excavations a 2000 year old Roman bath that was said to be used to heal people from their wounds has been discovered.
With so much of history yet to be uncovered from a single city, archaeologists remain hopeful of unearthing many more wonders of the ancient world in the next few months.
It has already been proved that the area was home to numerous civilizations that date all the way back to the Roman era.
After the old administrative center of the region, Tavium (Büyüknefes), became ruined, a new centre was created by Çapanoğlu, the founder of a powerful derebey family and called Bozok.
The sanjak was very fertile, and contained good breeding-grounds in which cattle, horses and even camels were reared for the local agriculture and foreign trade.
The town is located at an elevation of 4,380 ft (1,335 m), situated 105 mi (170 km) east of Ankara, near the head of a narrow valley through which the Ankara–Sivas road runs.
The main sights of the city of Yozgat are the Yozgat Clock Tower built in 1908 and the Çapanoğlu Mosque built by the Çapanoğlu family, who are the founders of Yozgat.
Yozgat Pine Grove National Park is an area of in which different types of pine trees grow, some up to 500 years old.
Córdoba Department (, ) is a Department of the Republic of Colombia located to the north of this country in the Colombian Caribbean Region.
Córdoba faces to the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the northeast with the Sucre Department, east with the Bolívar Department and south with the Antioquia Department.
The Congress of Colombia approved by Law 9 December 17, 1951 which created the Department of Córdoba and later sanctioned by the then President of Colombia Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez, but only came into effect six months later.
According to the Colombian Constitution of 1991 the executive power for this region will be vested in a single individual elected by popular vote (starting from 1991, governors were previously appointed by the President of Colombia) and will be called Governor of the Córdoba Department.
The northern part and the Inírida River are included in the Orinoco basin; the rest is part of the Amazon basin.
There are a total of 24 ethnic groups in the department; many of them speak four Indigenous languages besides Spanish and Portuguese.
Up until that point, it was a national territory that operated as a Commissariat, segregated from territory of the then Commissariat of Vaupés on December 23, 1977.
Alois Hitler Sr. (born Alois Schicklgruber; 7 June 1837 – 3 January 1903) was an Austrian civil servant and the father of the leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler.
When Alois was promoted in the Customs service, he applied to be legitimised in the name of his stepfather Hiedler, which was entered in the register as 'Hitler', for unknown reasons.
Alois Hitler was born Alois Schicklgruber in the hamlet of Strones, parish of Döllersheim, in the Waldviertel, an area in northwest Lower Austria, to a 42-year-old unmarried peasant, Maria Schicklgruber, whose family had lived in the area for generations.
By the age of 10, Alois had been sent to live with Hiedler's brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, who owned a farm in the nearby village of Spital (part of Weitra).
At the age of 13 he left the farm in Spital and went to Vienna as an apprentice cobbler, working there for about five years.
In response to a recruitment drive by the Austrian government offering employment in the civil service to people from rural areas, Alois joined the frontier guards (customs service) of the Austrian Finance Ministry in 1855 at the age of 18.
An explanation for Alois being sent to live on his uncle's farm as a child is that Hiedler and Maria were simply too poor to raise him, or could not raise him as well as his uncle, or perhaps Maria's health was in decline.
Werner Maser suggests that Alois's father was Johann Nepomuk, Georg's brother and Hitler's step-uncle, who raised Alois through adolescence and later willed him a considerable portion of his life savings, but never admitted publicly to being his real father.
According to Maser, Nepomuk was a married farmer who had an affair and then arranged to have his single brother Hiedler marry Alois's mother Maria to provide a cover for Nepomuk's desire to assist and care for Alois without upsetting his wife.
This assumes Hiedler was willing to marry Maria in this situation, and Adolf Hitler biographer Joachim Fest thinks this is too contrived and unlikely to be true.
Although Johann Georg Hiedler was considered the officially accepted paternal grandfather of Adolf Hitler by the Third Reich, the question of who his grandfather was has caused much speculation and has remained unknown.
After the war, Hitler's former lawyer, Hans Frank, claimed that Hitler told him in 1930 that one of his relatives was trying to blackmail him by threatening to reveal his alleged Jewish ancestry.
Frank says he determined that at the time Maria Schicklgruber gave birth to Alois she was working as a household cook in the town of Graz, that her employers were a Jewish family named Frankenberger, and that her child might have been conceived out of wedlock with the family's 19-year-old son, Leopold Frankenberger.
However, all Jews had been expelled from the province of Styria (which includes Graz) in the 15th century; they were not officially allowed to return until the 1860s, when Alois was around 30.
Scholars such as Ian Kershaw and Brigitte Hamann dismiss the Frankenberger hypothesis (which had only Frank's speculation to support it) as baseless.
Kershaw discusses and also lists Hitler's family tree in his biography of Adolf Hitler and gives no support to the Frankenberger tale.
Sax showed that Hamann, Kershaw, and other leading historians relied, either directly or indirectly, on a single source for the claim that no Jews were living in Graz prior to 1856: that source was the Austrian historian Nikolaus von Preradovich, whom Sax showed was a fervent admirer of Adolf Hitler.
Sax's article has been picked up by a number of news outlets and Sax was interviewed by Eric Metaxas on this topic, on Metaxas' TV show.
As a rising young junior customs official, he used his birth name of Schicklgruber, but in mid-1876, 39 years old and well established in his career, he asked permission to use his stepfather's family name.
He appeared before the parish priest in Döllersheim and asserted that his father was Johann Georg Hiedler, who had married his mother and now wished to legitimize him.
The priest agreed to amend the birth certificate, the civil authorities automatically processed the church's decision and Alois Schicklgruber had a new name.
Historian Werner Maser claims that in 1876, Franz Schicklgruber, the administrator of Alois's mother's estate, transferred a large sum of money (230 gulden) to him.
Supposedly, Johann Georg Hiedler, who died in 1857, relented on his deathbed and left an inheritance to his illegitimate stepson (Alois) together with his name.
In early 1869, Hitler had an affair with Thekla Penz (born 24 September 1844) of Leopoldstein, Arbesbach in the district of Zwettel, Lower Austria.
Thekla later married a man by the name of Horner, while Theresia married Johan Ramer and gave birth to at least six children, while living in the town of Schwertberg.
Smith states that Alois had numerous affairs in the 1870s, resulting in his wife initiating legal action; on 7 November 1880 Alois and Anna separated by mutual agreement.
The next month, on 22 May at a ceremony in Braunau with fellow custom officials as witnesses, Hitler, 45, married Matzelsberger, 21.
During the last months of Matzelsberger's life, Klara Pölzl returned to Alois's home to look after the invalid and the two children (Alois Jr. and Angela).
Smith writes that if Hitler had been free to do as he wished, he would have married Pölzl immediately but because of the affidavit concerning his paternity, Hitler was now legally Pölzl's first cousin once removed, too close to marry.
Permission came, and on 7 January 1885 a wedding was held at Hitler's rented rooms on the top floor of the Pommer Inn.
On 17 May 1885, five months after the wedding, the new Frau Klara Hitler gave birth to her first child, Gustav.
During the winter of 1887–1888, diphtheria struck the Hitler household, resulting in the deaths of both Gustav (8 December) and Ida (2 January).
One month after Hitler accepted a better paying position in Linz, on 1 April 1893, his wife and the children moved to a second floor room on Kapuzinerstr.
Klara had just given birth to Edmund, so it was decided she and the children would stay in Passau for the time being.
Alois tried to browbeat his son into obedience, while Adolf did his best to be the opposite of whatever his father wanted.
William Patrick Hitler says that he had heard from his father, Alois Jr., that Alois Hitler Sr. used to beat his children.
After Hitler and his eldest son Alois Jr. had a climactic and violent argument, Alois Jr. left home, and the elder Alois swore he would never give the boy a penny of inheritance beyond what the law required.
He moved his family to the farm and retired on 25 June 1895 at the age of 58, after 40 years in the customs service.
He was taken to an adjoining room and a doctor was summoned, but Alois Hitler died at the inn, probably from a pleural hemorrhage.
On 28 March 2012, by the account of Kurt Pittertschatscher, the pastor of the parish, the tombstone marking Alois Hitler's grave and that of his wife Klara, in Town Cemetery in Leonding, was removed by a descendant.
The descendant is said to be an elderly female relative of Alois Hitler's first wife, Anna, who has also given up any rights to the rented burial plot.
He is approached by Lanfear; and the fortress known as the Stone of Tear is stormed by Trollocs and Fades, sent by another Forsaken (Sammael), while a third, Semirhage, sends her followers into the Stone, to oppose Sammael's forces.
Elayne Trakand, Nynaeve al'Meara, and Thom Merrilin depart to Tarabon to hunt the Black Ajah, while Min Farshaw arrives in Tar Valon to report to the Amyrlin Siuan Sanche.
Rand teleports Mat, Egwene, Moiraine, and the Aiel at the Stone of Tear from Tear to the Aiel Waste, where Taardad and Shaido Aiel are waiting for them.
Rand finds Mat hanged from the Tree of Life as the price for these gifts; but revives Mat, who thereafter wears a black scarf to hide the resulting scars.
The Wise Ones assign Aviendha the task of teaching Rand Aiel customs as they travel to Cold Rocks Hold; they are later accompanied by merchants.
Rand reveals the secret history of the Aiel in the Age of Legends to prove his claim; whereupon an uproar breaks out among the Aiel, and, to avert violence, Rand uses the One Power to bring a rainstorm to the Aiel Waste.
Lanfear allows Rand to live and then limits Asmodean's access to the One Power, on grounds that Asmodean teach Rand to use the One Power (which only a male Forsaken can).
In the Two Rivers, Perrin discovers that the people are caught between Trollocs, led by Slayer, and the Children of the Light.
With the help of Tam al'Thor (Rand's adoptive father) and Abell Cauthon (the father of Mat), Perrin leads the people against the Trollocs, and earns the nicknames 'Lord Perrin' and 'Perrin Goldeneyes' (the latter representing his telepathic communion with wolves).
Before the final victory, Perrin marries Faile and then asks her to go to Caemlyn to ask Queen Morgase to send soldiers to help fight.
The Children of the Light, led by Dain Bornhald, demand Perrin's arrest to try him for the murders of Children previously, and Perrin agrees to give himself up, if the Children will help the Two Rivers when the Trollocs attack.
When it's discovered the Children did nothing during the attack, Perrin and the townspeople, along with fighters from Devin Ride, Watch Hill and a returned Faille, force the Children to leave.
They 'befriend' the Panarch Amathera, whom they rescue from Temaile, and collect one of the Seals of the Dark One's prison.
Thereafter Min remains in the Tower in the guise of Elmindreda: a giddy, empty-headed woman unable to decide between two suitors.
Elaida and her supporters thereafter depose Siuan Sanche (the Amyrlin Seat) and Leane Sharif, her Keeper of the Chronicles; whereupon Elaida herself is made Amyrlin and many Aes Sedai flee.
Siuan and Leane are both 'Stilled' (their ability to channel the One Power removed) with the side effect of removing their ageless appearance, returning them to the visible age at which they first began to channel.
Its adjacent provinces are Çorum to the northwest, Kırıkkale to the west, Kırşehir to the southwest, Nevşehir to the south, Kayseri to the southeast, Sivas to the east, Tokat to the northeast, and Amasya to the north.
Yozgat is located on the Plateau of Bozok in the Department of the Central Red River in the Central Anatolia Region.
In addition to this, There are Anatolian Teacher High School, Tourism and Hospitality Management and Anatolian high schools, Science High School and Yozgat Vocational High School in the province of Yozgat.
Councils of governments (CoGs—also known as regional councils, regional commissions, regional planning commissions, and planning districts) are regional governing and/or coordinating bodies that exist throughout the United States.
CoGs are normally controlled by their member local governments, though some states have passed laws granting CoGs region-wide powers over specific functions, and still other states mandate such councils.
CoGs can offer planning, coordination, and technical assistance to their members, administer programs at a regional level, and act as intermediaries between the local government members and the state or federal government.
A typical council is defined to serve an area of several counties, and addresses issues such as regional and municipal planning, economic, and community development, pollution control, transit administration, transportation planning, human services, and water use.
Councils of governments also play a role in regional hazard mitigation and emergency planning and in the collection, analysis, distribution of demographic and cartographic/GIS data.
Though RTPOs existed for decades, they were only formally recognized by on a federal level by the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) of 2012.
Though voluntary non-profit regional organizations had existed for several decades before, CoGs in their modern form began in 1947, with the Atlanta Regional Metropolitan Planning Commission, followed by the Northern Virginia Regional Planning Commission in December of the same year.
By 1950, there were 18 CoG/regional planning organizations in the US, and by 1953, the number of such bodies had increased on 40.
These include the National Association of Regional Councils (formerly the National Service to Regional Councils), the National Association of Development Organizations, and the Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.
An alternative to the bottom-up model for state-level associations of CoGs are regional state-designated planning and development regions—groups of CoGs organized (or mandated) by state governments.
A large portion of the department, which is also crossed by the Meta River, is covered by a grassland plain known as the Llanos.
The department has a monument placed in the very geographic centre of Colombia, at a place known as Alto de Menegua, a few kilometers from Puerto López.
Nariño has a diverse geography and varied climate according to altitude: hot in the plains of the Pacific and cold in the mountains, where most of the population resides, a situation that is repeated in a north-south direction.
The first European conquistador who entered the territory was Andagoya Pascual in 1522, who traveled from the Colombian Pacific coast and then used information obtained by Francisco Pizarro to organize the expedition that culminated in the conquest of Peru.
Juan de Ampudia and Pedro de Añazco first explored the mountainous part of the department, commissioned by Sebastián de Belalcázar in 1535, who then toured the territory in 1536 and reached Popayán and remained for some time before leaving for Spain.
Zakros () is a site on the eastern coast of the island of Crete, Greece, containing ruins from the Minoan civilization.
It is believed to have been one of the four main administrative centers of the Minoans, and its protected harbor and strategic location made it an important commercial hub for trade to the east.
The town was dominated by the Palace of Zakro, originally built around 1900 BC, rebuilt around 1600 BC, and destroyed around 1450 BC along with the other major centers of Minoan civilization.
A comparatively large village, Zakros includes in its community the following smaller villages: Kato Zakros, Adravasti, Azokeramos, Kellaria, Klisidi and the small hamlets of Ayios Georgios, Sfaka, Kanava and Skalia.
Cecilia Gallerani (; 1473–1536), born in Siena, Italy, was the favourite and most celebrated of the many mistresses of Ludovico Sforza, known as Lodovico il Moro, Duke of Milan.
While posing for the painting, she invited Leonardo, who at the time was working as court artist for Sforza, to meetings at which Milanese intellectuals discussed philosophy and other subjects.
He was not of nobility, but he occupied several posts at the Milanese court, including the position of ambassador to Florence and Lucca.
In 1483 at the age of ten, Cecilia was betrothed to Stefano Visconti, but the betrothal was broken off in 1487 for unknown reasons.
When Beatrice d'Este found out about their relationship, Ludovico was constrained to ask Cecilia to leave the Porta Giovia castle, the seat of the ducal court.
After the death of both her husband and her son (1514–1515), she retired to San Giovanni in Croce, a castle near Cremona.
Cesare, the son of Cecilia and Ludovico Sforza was made abbot of the Church of San Nazaro Maggiore of Milan in 1498; in 1505, he became canon of Milan.
Originally, the southwestern area of the department belonged to the Cofán Indians, the northwestern to the Kamentxá Indians, the central and southern areas to tribes that spoke Tukano languages (such as the Siona), and the eastern to tribes that spoke Witoto languages.
Part of the Kamentxá territory was conquered by the Inca Huayna Cápac in 1492, who, after crossing the Cofán territory, established a Quechua population on the valley of Sibundoy, known today as Ingas.
After the Inca defeat in 1533, the region was invaded by the Spanish in 1542, and from 1547 was administered by Catholic missions.
With 40 daily sailing races, up to 1,000 boats, and 8,000 competitors ranging from Olympic and world-class professionals to weekend sailors, it is the largest sailing regatta of its kind in the world.
Having started in 1826, the event is held in August each year on the Solent (the area of water between southern England and the Isle of Wight made tricky by strong double tides), and is run by Cowes Week Limited in the small town of Cowes on the Isle of Wight.
Cowes Week is held at the beginning of August, set after Glorious Goodwood in the social calendar, which in most years means from the first Saturday after the last Tuesday in July, until the following Saturday.
It is occasionally moved to another week if the state of the tides in the normal week is unfavourable or, as in 2012, to avoid a clash with the Olympic Games.
The display has taken place on the final Friday of the event since the early days and is an iconic finale.
Typically Cowes Week up to forty starts a day for classes of cruiser-racers, one designs and keelboats; up to a thousand boats and 8,000 competitors take part.
During this time the Solent, which is a busy commercial waterway, is filled with boats of all classes and is particularly colourful due to the spinnakers (the large rounded sail hoisted at the front of a yacht when running downwind).
As well as the sailing activities, the week includes a large number of onshore events including live music and cocktail parties.
Marquees are erected in the marinas serving food and drink, and the crowds overflow from busy public houses and restaurants around the narrow high street - the town becomes a hive of activity into the early hours of each morning.
Around 100,000 visitors are attracted to Cowes by the festival atmosphere of the event each year in addition to all the competitors.
In the 1920s and 1930s, there were cruiser handicap classes and local one-designs (although the six to eight and twelve metre classes attracted the most racing interest).
The Fastnet, which rounds the Fastnet rock far out in the Atlantic and can be dangerous, is held in odd-numbered years only.
In the decades following World War II, yachting moved away from its image as a rich man's sport to one which is enjoyed by many today in modest self-skippered 30 to 40 foot yachts.
The attraction of Cowes Week has also given life to many water-based activities and sailing schools promoting the sport of sailing to all age groups and walks of life.
Although certain functions in the week are still the preserve of the elite or members-only clubs, Cowes Week encompasses a wide range of events and attractions open to the public, marketed to a very diverse range of interests.
Key shoreside events of Cowes Week include the festivities within Cowes Yacht Haven, on Cowes Parade and at Shepards Wharf Marina.
In recent years contributions to the funding of the display have been requested by the community who enjoy and benefit from them.
It was won by Latana, a 165-ton yawl owned by Mr W M Johnstone, by far the biggest boat in the race.
The Cup was subsequently raced for on the opening day of Cowes Week but, shortly after the turn of the 20th century, it was mysteriously lost.
In 1950, Sir Peter Scott suggested to King George VI that larger yachts should compete for a new trophy as it was felt that the America's Cup could not be restarted after the war.
The Britannia Cup is awarded to the winner of the class nominated by the Royal Yacht Squadron on the Tuesday of the event, this is usually IRC Class 0 or IRC Class 1.
The New York Yacht Club Challenge Cup is awarded to the winner of the class nominated by the Royal Yacht Squadron on the Wednesday of the event, this is usually IRC Class 0 or IRC Class 1.
The Trophy was first presented by Skandia at the 1995 event and recognises the success of the yachtsmen and women of the future.
The Overall Winner Trophy is awarded to the winner of either Black Group or White Group, determined by the overall winner on points.
French painter Raoul Dufy has depicted the races and Royal Yacht Squadron in several works of the late 1920s and early '30s, the most famous one of which is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.
It is famous for the quality of the coffee plantations, colorful architecture, benign weather, variety of hotel accommodations and tourist landmarks.
This department is located in a strategic area, in the center of the triangle formed by the three main cities of the country: Bogotá, Medellín and Cali.
Before the Spanish invasion the entire area was inhabited by the peoples of the Quimbaya civilization until the 10th century B.C.
At the time of Spanish conquest the area was inhabited by indigenous people of Carib descent known as the Pijao tribes.
The native population was gradually reduced due to slavery, armed confrontations, and massacres during the Rubber boom, causing the territory to remain mostly uninhabited over the following centuries.
In the 19th century northern peasants from Antioquia set out to settle in the area and their goal was to stay there permanently in a process known as Colonización antioqueña (Antioquian Colonisation).
Due to the inaccessibility of the territory and the lack of roads, trade and communications were made through mule caravans (arriería) or by porters such as the silleros.
In 1905, the old Department of Antioquia was partitioned into two, giving rise to the new Department of Caldas, which at the time included the modern department of Risaralda.
The annual precipitation is around and comes from the humidity of winds from the Pacific Ocean being cooled as they rise over the Andes.
The national government is empowered to buy as much land as needed to create wildlife sanctuaries with the purpose of preserving this national symbol and its natural environment.
The department belongs to the Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis which is the center of production and export of the highest quality coffee in Colombia.
With the purpose of preserving this cultural expression, the regional government promotes the declaration of Patrimony of Humanity by the UNESCO.
The Quimbayan Christmas Panther is an indigenous & sacred animal recognized by indigenous and mestizo communities in the Quindío Department of Colombia.
Belief in the Christmas Panther (el puma de navidad) has developed throughout the history of the Quimbayan holiday known as the Alumbrado de Navidad (see Feast of the Immaculate Conception), celebrated on the 7th of December in recognition of the Roman Catholic belief in the Immaculate Conception of Christ.
It is believed that the significance of the puma stems from the arrival of ethnically Spanish colonialists from Antioquia in the region during the 1850s.
The colonialist's Catholic traditions of using candlelight to celebrate the Immaculate Conception was combined with belief of the local Quimbaya tribe in the effect that fire (luces de fogota) had in protecting against panther attacks as pumas and other local fauna are believed to fear fire.
Thus, in an instance of religious syncretism, the Alumbrado de Navidad and the symbolism of the puma to native peoples were linked.
Such religious syncretism is especially visible in the rural pueblos of Quindío where many residents claim full or partial descent from Quimbaya native peoples of the region.
The area has the largest number of heliconia species in the world and a large numbers of species of orchids, mainly of the genera cattleya, odontoglossum, miltonia, phragmipedium and peristeria.
The natural forests typical of the area, such as the páramo, and the cloud forest, are decreasing progressively due to agricultural activities.
Utilizing the Xbox's built-in hard drive, Amped allowed for entire mountains to be loaded simultaneously, permitting completely free-style runs modelled on real resorts, rather than the linear courses of other snowboarding titles.
The Xbox's built-in hard drive also allows users to create a custom soundtrack using their own music, as well as listening to the 150-plus tracks already offered in the game.
Before its release, the game was met with derision from some due to Microsoft's marketing department Photoshopping lens flares onto what were supposedly actual game screenshots.
In 2005, former Ink & Dagger drummer Ryan McLaughlin sued Microsoft, claiming that three of their songs were used without the band's knowledge.
Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: clothes, food, trading of goods and services.
Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Ocean and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
Risaralda department with an area of , is located in the central sector of the central Andean region west of the country between two major poles of economic development (department of Antioquia in northern and southern Cauca Valley, extending between the central and western Cordillera), which slopes down toward the Río Cauca, also borders the departments of Caldas in the north-east, east Tolima, Quindio Chocó south and west.
Physiographical formations are covered by the volcanic massifs of the central and western mountain ranges, flat and narrow valleys formed by the natural river basins of the Otún River, the Cauca River, Risaralda River, and La Vieja River.
The soils of the department have their origin in igneous rocks and volcanic ash derived from sedimentary rocks and alluvial and colluvial materials.
According to these materials, located in the county soil units: manila, Parnaz or 200, unit 10 or Chinchiná and Malabar, being the most extensive in the coffee or Chinchiná unit 10.
In the department there are a variety of life zones, which are distributed as follows: BMH-PM (40.3%), BMH-MB (28.7%), BP-pm (9.4%) and the rest (21.5%) are bs -T-T bh, bh-T, bh-PM, bp-MB, BH-F, bp-M, among others.
Some Spanish towns were founded, but the decline of the indigenous population and low immigration of Europeans led to Risaralda sitting largely abandoned until the mid-nineteenth century, when coffee cultivation arrived.
The department ranks 27th by area, and it has a population of 772,010, ranking 20th of all the 32 departments of Colombia.
Sucre is bordered by the Caribbean on the northwest; by Bolívar Department on the east and by Córdoba Department on the west.
As of 2009, the Sucre Department has an estimated population of 802,733, of which 234,886 are in the department capital Sincelejo, according to the DANE projections.
Before the Spanish Conquest, the land comprising the department of Sucre was mainly inhabited by two groups of indigenous people — the Zenú and the Turbacos.
The Turbaco people were part of the Cariban language family and they controlled the area adjacent to the Gulf of Morrosquillo.
The Zenú people — by the Finzenú and Panzenú branches — controlled the rest of the territory, which used to be part of a bigger territory along the current department of Córdoba and parts of Bolívar and Antioquia sometimes known as Zenú kingdom or Zenú nation.
The area adjacent to the coast was inhabited by the Turbaco people and it was the border lands of the Carib's territories in the Cariibean Coast of Colombia.
The Zenú engineers were able to develop a complicated hydraulic infrastructure in the basin of the San Jorge river — they also worked in the basin of the Sinú river in lands of the Córdoba Department — involving flood control works as well as drainage and irrigation systems.
The first Spanish conquerors that sighted to the coastline of the present day Sucre Department were Alonso de Ojeda, Juan de la Cosa, Rodrigo de Bastidas and Francisco Cesar around 1499.
The conquerors thought the territory to be rich in precious metals since, but soon they would find out they were wrong about that.
The territory had been under the tutelage of the government settled in Cartagena – except a brief period of time when it was under the jurisdiction of the central government in Bogotá – this control was effective by several denominations while the country evolved from its colonial institutions until its final republican form in 1886 and until the establishment of Sucre as a department independent from Bolivar.
On July 28, 1966 the Senate of Colombia started a debate on the creation of the Department and on August 18 of the same year approved its creation under the 47 Law of 1966 sanctioned by the then-President of Colombia, Carlos Lleras Restrepo.
The result of this condition is the inability to properly digest specific fats and proteins, which in turn leads to a buildup of a toxic level of methylmalonic acid in the blood.
Methylmalonic acidemia stems from several genotypes, all forms of the disorder usually diagnosed in the early neonatal period, presenting progressive encephalopathy, and secondary hyperammonemia.
It is estimated that this disorder has a frequency of 1 in 48,000 births, though the high mortality rate in diagnosed cases make exact determination difficult.
The inherited forms of methylmalonic acidemia cause defects in the metabolic pathway where methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is converted into succinyl-CoA by the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.
This disorder has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene—one from each parent—must be inherited to be affected by the disorder.
The parents of a child with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the defective gene, but are usually not affected by the disorder.
Though not always grouped together with the inherited versions, a severe nutritional deficiency of vitamin B can also result in syndrome with identical symptoms and treatments as the genetic methylmalonic acidemias.
When the amount of B is insufficient for the conversion of cofactor methylmalonyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, the buildup of unused methylmalonyl-CoA eventually leads to methylmalonic acidemia.
In methylmalonic acidemia, the body is unable to break down the amino acids methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine; as a result methylmalonic acid builds up in the blood and tissues.
Those afflicted with this disorder are either lacking functional copies or adequate levels of one or more of the following enzymes: methylmalonyl CoA mutase, methylmalonyl CoA epimerase, or those involved in adenosylcobalamin synthesis.
This enzyme is responsible for the digestion of potentially toxic derivatives of the breakdown of the above-mentioned amino acids and fats, primarily cholesterol, particularly this enzyme converts methylmalonyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA.
Like the mutase, the epimerase also functions in breaking down the same substances, but to a significantly lesser extent than the mutase does.
The phenotypic differences caused by a deficiency of the epimerase as opposed to the mutase are so mild that there is debate within the medical community as to whether or not this genetic deficiency can be considered a disorder or clinical syndrome.
Even with a functional version of the enzyme at physiologically normal levels, if B cannot be converted to this active form, the mutase will be unable to function.
Though there are not distinct stages of the disease, Methylmalonic acidemia is a progressive condition; the symptoms of this disorder are compounded as the concentration of methylmalonic acid increases.
If the triggering proteins and fats are not removed from the diet, this buildup can lead to irreparable kidney or liver damage and eventually death.
One of, if not the most common form of organic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia is not apparent at birth as symptoms usually do not present themselves until proteins are added to the infant's diet.
Due to the severity and rapidity in which this disorder can cause complications when left undiagnosed, screening for methylmalonic acidemia is often included in the newborn screening exam.
Because of the inability to properly break down amino acids completely, the byproduct of protein digestion, the compound methylmalonic acid, is found in a disproportionate concentration in the blood and urine of those afflicted.
The presence of methylmalonic acidemia can also be suspected through the use of a CT or MRI scan or ammonia test, however these tests are by no means specific and require clinical and metabolic/correlation.
Methylmalonic acidemia has varying diagnoses, treatment requirements and prognoses, which are determined by the specific genetic mutation causing the inherited form of the disorder.
The mut type can further be divided in mut0 and mut- subtypes, with mut0 characterized by a complete lack of methylmalonyl CoA mutase and more severe symptoms and mut- characterized by a decreased amount of mutase activity.
Treatment for all forms of this condition primarily relies on a low-protein diet, and depending on what variant of the disorder the individual suffers from, various dietary supplements.
All variants respond to the levo isomer of carnitine as the improper breakdown of the affected substances results in sufferers developing a carnitine deficiency.
The carnitine also assists in the removal of acyl-CoA, buildup of which is common in low-protein diets by converting it into acyl-carnitine which can be excreted in urine.
Though not all forms of methylmalonyl acidemia are responsive to cobalamin, cyanocobalamin supplements are often used in first line treatment for this disorder.
If the individual proves responsive to both cobalamin and carnitine supplements, then it may be possible for them to ingest substances that include small amounts of the problematic amino acids isoleucine, threonine, methionine, and valine without causing an attack.
The foreign organs will produce a functional version of the defective enzymes and digest the methylmalonic acid, however all of the disadvantages of organ transplantation are of course applicable in this situation.
There is evidence to suggest that the central nervous system may metabolize methylmalonic-CoA in a system isolated from the rest of the body.
If this is the case, transplantation may not reverse the neurological effects of methylmalonic acid previous to the transplant or prevent further damage to the brain by continued build up.
Prognosis is typically better for those with cobalamin-responsive variants and not promising in those suffering from noncobalamin-responsive variants, typically the milder variants have a higher frequency of appearance in the population than the more severe ones.
Even with dietary modification and continued medical care, it may not be possible to prevent neurological damage in those with a nonresponsive acidemia.
Despite these challenges, since it was first identified in 1967, treatment and understanding of the condition has improved to the point where it is not unheard of for even those with unresponsive forms of methylmalonic acidemia to be able to reach adulthood and even carry and deliver children safely.
That MMA can have disastrous effects on the nervous system has been long reported; however, the mechanism by which this occurs has never been determined.
Published on June 15, 2015, research performed on the effects of methylmalonic acid on neurons isolated from fetal rats in an in vitro setting using a control group of neurons treated with an alternate acid of similar pH.
These tests have suggested that methylmalonic acid causes decreases in cellular size and increase in the rate of cellular apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner with more extreme effects being seen at higher concentrations.
Furthermore, micro-array analysis of these treated neurons have also suggested that on an epigenetic-level methylmalonic acid alters the transcription rate of 564 genes, notably including those involved in the apoptosis, p53, and MAPK signaling pathways.
As the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA takes place inside the mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of diminished electron transport chain function has long been suspected as a feature in MMA.
Recent research has found that in rat models mitochondria of rats affected by the disorder grow to unusual size, dubbed megamitochondria.
These megamitochondria also showed signs of decreased respiratory chain function, particularly in respiratory complex IV which only functioned at about 50% efficiency.
Similar changes were identified in the mitochondria of a liver sample removed during transplant from a 5-year-old boy suffering from MMA.
Recent case studies in several patients presenting nonresponsive mut0 MMA with a specific mutation designated p.P86L have suggest the possibility of further subdivision in mut type MMA might exist.
Though currently unclear if this is due to the specific mutation or early detection and treatment, despite complete nonresponse to cobalamin supplements, these individuals appeared to develop a largely benign and near completely asymptomatic version of MMA.
The department of Valle del Cauca is located in the western part of the country, between 3° 05’ and 5° 01’ latitude N, 75° 42’ and 77° 33’ longitude W. It borders the departments of Risaralda and Quindío to the north, Cauca to the south, Tolima to the east, and Chocó and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The valley is geographically bounded by the Cordillera Central and Occidental and is watered by numerous rivers that empty into the Cauca River.
The department is divided into four zones: the Pacific Fringe, which is humid and mostly jungle; the western mountain range, also humid and full of jungle, heavily deforested due to the paper industry; the Andean valley of the Cauca River, whose surrounding lands are the most fertile of the country; and the western ridge of the Cordillera Central.
Palynological analyses performed by experts have determined that during the Superior Pleistocene some 40,000 – 10,500 years ago, the valleys of El Dorado and Alto Calima had Andean forest and Sub-Andean vegetation.
The discovery of projectiles indicated that there were communities of hunter-gatherers at the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene.
The extinction of the Pleistocenic megafauna in the beginning of the Holocene forced humans to adapt to their new environment, becoming hunter-gatherers.
In the lower basin of the Calima River (Sauzalito River, El Recreo River, and El Pital River), archaeologists found the oldest traces of hunter-gatherers who inhabited the Valley of the Cauca River.
In 1500 BC the first agricultural–pottery society appeared, the Ilama culture, extending along the Calima River (in what is nowadays the towns of Restrepo and Darien.
By 100 AD, the Ilamas had developed into the , which expanded the region of the Ilamas further into the Cauca River to the Pacific Ocean, and to the south to the region of what is now the city of Cali.
The population had increased, forcing them to develop effective agricultural techniques to feed its population which also improved the techniques on pottery and metal works.
The agriculture of the Yotocos was more varied than that of the Ilamas and was based on maize, yuca, beans, arracacha, and achiote among others.
This archeological period is called the Late Period and is divided into Late Period I (6th to 13th centuries) and Late Period II (14th to 16th centuries).
In Late period I the region of Valle del Cauca was inhabited by the Early Sonso culture, Bolo, Sachamate and La Llanada.
The first 67 Spanish explorers arrived in the area after founding the village of Popayán, in an expedition from Quito headed by Sebastián de Belalcázar.
In the Valle del Cauca the explorers founded the village of Villa de Ampudia, named after one of them, Juan de Ampudia.
By orders of Belalcázar the village was then moved to the Riviera of the Cauca River, within the Gorrones indigenous people's territory.
In 1536, a Captain Muñoz ordered the city to be moved to the Valley, where the Village of Cali was founded on 25 July of that same year.
Another Spanish explorer, , coming from the village of Cartagena de Indias, entered Cali on 23 December 1538 with a second group of explorers, but he returned to Cartagena, leaving many of his men behind including Pedro Cieza de León.
A third group of explorers, led by Admiral Jorge Robledo under orders of , advanced to the North of the Valle del Cauca and founded the villages of Anserma (now part of Caldas Department; 15 August 1539), Cartago (9 August 1540), and Antioquia (25 November 1541), and under command of Pascual de Andagoya who came from Panama to Cali with a fourth group of explorers.
The Department of Valle del Cauca was created by decree number 340 April 16, 1910 which also created 12 other departments for Colombia.
The government of Valle del Cauca is similarly set up as the Government of Colombia in which there are three branches of power; judicial, executive and legislative with control institutions at government level.
Valle del Cauca Department has 42 municipalities, each one having a mayor which is a popularly elected representative of the governor.
The department is known for its sugar industry, which provides sugar to the markets of the rest of the country and nearby countries.
The production by the city of Yumbo also stands out, where several companies are found, most prominently the paper and cement businesses.
The port at Buenaventura is Colombia's main port on the Pacific coast, allowing for the import and export of goods, and is of great importance for the economy of both the department and the country.
The coverage of public services is among the highest in the country, with electrical power and education standing out the most.
The capital of the department is Santiago de Cali, with approximately 2,800,000 inhabitants, was founded by Sebastián de Belalcázar in 1536.
It is located in the southeast part of the country, bordering Brazil to the east, the department of Amazonas to the south, Caquetá to the west, and Guaviare, and Guainía to the north; covering a total area of 54,135 km².
During the colonization by the Spanish and first days of the first republic, the territory of Vaupes was part of the Province of Popayán, during the Greater Colombia.
Between 1831 and 1857 the territory became part of the National Territory of Caquetá to later be part of the Sovereign State of Cauca.
With the expansion of the rubber industry and the industrial revolution, exploration for rubber reached the area bringing colonizers that altered and in some cases extinguished the majority of the indigenous population.
The Department was created after the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which established it as a Department of Colombia on July 4, 1991.
Because of its location in the Amazon jungle, it has no roads connecting it with the rest of the country or internally from settlement to settlement, and commerce and contact with the outside world is achieved through travel along the main rivers and by means of air travel.
Several of the small settlements have airstrips with service to the department's capital, Mitú, and from there with the rest of the country.
Other sections of the Department were classified as an especial type of Corregimiento, which has certain hybrid functions from a municipality and corregimiento.
Vichada is located in the eastern plains of Colombia, in the Orinoquía Region within the Orinoco river basin bordering the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the north and east.
To the north the department also borders with Arauca Department, to the northwest with Casanare Department, to the west with Meta Department, to the southwest narrowly bordering with Guaviare Department and to the south with Guainía Department.
The largest town and capital of the department is Puerto Carreño located in extreme northeastern part of the department and bordering Venezuela.
The department limits to the north with the Arauca Department and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; to the east with Venezuela; to the south with the Guainía Department and Guaviare Department; and to the west with Meta Department and Casanare Department.
The department is located to the left margin of the Orinoco River and the right margin of the Meta River within the plains of los Llanos.
The album gave One Minute Silence their highest charting single to date with 'I Wear My Skin' reaching number 44 in the UK charts.
The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (, ), or, in everyday language, San Andrés y Providencia, is one of the departments of Colombia.
It consists of two island groups in the Caribbean Sea about northwest of mainland Colombia, and eight outlying banks and reefs.
The other large islands are Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands which lie to the north-east of San Andrés; their capital is Santa Isabel.
Spain formally claimed the archipelago of San Andres and Providencia in 1510, a few years after the Discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus.
These Puritans decided to settle this promising tropical island rather than cold, rocky New England, but the Providence Island colony did not succeed in the same way as the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
In 1670, English buccaneers led by Henry Morgan took over the islands, which they affiliated with the British Mosquito Coast in present-day Nicaragua.
In 1775 Lieutenant Tomás O'Neil, a Spaniard of Irish descent, was given military command of the islands and in 1790 named governor.
He requested the transfer of the islands to the jurisdiction of the Viceroyalty of New Granada which was granted in 1803.
That year Spain assigned the islands together with the province of Veraguas (western Panama and the east coast of Nicaragua) to the Viceroyalty of New Granada.
On 4 July 1818, French Corsair Louis-Michel Aury, with 400 men and 14 ships flying the Argentine flag, captured Old Providence and St. Catherine islands.
After the Spanish colonies became independent, the inhabitants of San Andrés, Providence and St. Catherine voluntarily adhered to the Republic of Gran Colombia in 1822, who placed them under the administration of the Magdalena Department.
The UPCA broke up in 1838–1840, but Nicaragua carried on the dispute, as did Gran Colombia's successors, New Granada and Colombia.
Colombia argues that the treaty's final ratification in 1930 (when U.S. forces were already on their way out) confirms its validity.
In 2001 Nicaragua filed claims with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over the disputed maritime boundary, claiming in the Caribbean, including the San Andrés and Providencia archipelagoes.
Colombia responded that the ICJ has no jurisdiction over the matter, and increased its naval and police presence in the islands.
In the 19th century, the United States claimed several uninhabited locations in the area under the Guano Island Act, including several now claimed by Colombia.
In 1981 the U.S. ceded its claims to Serrana Bank and Roncador Bank to Colombia and abandoned its claim to Quita Sueño Bank.
The United States still maintains claims over Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo Bank and considers them both to be unincorporated territories of the United States.
In 1903 the local Raizal population rejected an offer from the US to separate from Colombia in the wake of Panama's secession from Colombia.
However, the native population of the Island soon changed their minds when the policies of successive Colombian governments tried consistently to modify the majority Raizal and British ethnic composition of the Islands through extensive migration of Spanish-speaking mainland Colombians.
A member of the departmental assembly for 15 years, Pedro Gallardo Forbes, of the Regional Integration Movement (MIR), won the 28 October 2007 gubernatorial election, with support from the Colombian Conservative Party and the Radical Change party.
He got 8,187 votes (38.93%), Aury Guerrero Bowie (Liberal Party, with support from the Democratic Colombia Party) 8,160 votes (38.8%), and Jack Housni Jaller (Social National Unity Party) 4,063 votes (19.3%).
The new mayor of Providence, Janeth Archbold (Team Colombia party), a political ally of the new governor, was elected with 1,013 votes against Liberal Mark Taylor (515 votes), SNUP Arturo Robinson (514 votes) and Conservative Peter Bent.
Besides the San Andrés and Providencia island groups, there are eight atolls that belong to the Department, including submerged Alice Shoal.
Cayo del Sur, a few hundred metres further South, reaches a height of a little more than and is vegetated with a few bushes, and in the South with mangroves.
The largest ones are Cayo del Este, Cayo Bolivar, West Cay, and Cayo Arena, none of which are higher than .
Colombia claims sovereignty over six additional outlying banks and shoals: Alice Shoal, Bajo Nuevo Bank, Serranilla Bank, Quita Sueño Bank, Serrana Bank, and Roncador Bank.
The Departamento de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina covers a land area of and had a Census population of 59,573.
Before 1960, the population of the islands was almost entirely Raizals, who are an Afro-Caribbean group, Protestant in religion, speaking San Andrés-Providencia Creole.
This policy seems to be an answer to growing discontent within the Raizal community that could strengthen separatist movements; a raizal majority would in this case win a pro-independence referendum but this could be neutralized by outnumbering them with mainland Colombians.
By 2005, Raizals were only 30% of the 60,000 or more inhabitants of the islands, with the rest being mainland Colombians and English-speaking whites of British descent.
The airport serves the towns of San Andrés and San Luis, but also commercially serves the nearby island of Providencia Island, all being major tourist and vacation spots for South and Central American tourists.
Most of these passengers come from the continental part of the country, due to poor international direct service to the island.
Many international tourists have to fly to one of Colombia's or Panama's largest airports (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Cartagena, Panama City) to be able to reach the islands.
In recent years San Andrés has started to receive seasonal charter flights, mainly from Canada and a few Central American countries.
The airport is one of Colombia's fastest growing airports with a 13.4% increase in the number of passengers between 2005 and 2006.
They downplayed their hitherto successful line of four-stroke singles and began to focus on motocross and off-road events in association with independent specialist Elmeca.
In 1992, Gilera made a return to the Grand Prix arena and Piaggio continues to produce small-displacement motorcycles with the Gilera name.
The famous factory of Arcore was closed in 1993 and now the motorcycles (only scooters) bearing the name Gilera are produced by Piaggio in Pontedera.
After World War II, Gilera dominated Grand Prix motorcycle racing, winning the 500 cc road racing world championship six times in eight years.
Facing a downturn in motorcycle sales due to the increase in the popularity of automobiles after the war, Gilera made a gentleman's agreement with the other Italian motorcycle makers to quit Grand Prix racing after the 1957 season as a cost-cutting measure.
The 1957 500 cc machines on which former World Champion rider Geoff Duke had much success were resurrected in 1963, but with the benefit of newer, upgraded tyre technology of the 1960s were considered still competitive.
The team was devised by Duke to challenge the domination of Mike Hailwood on the MV and had early successes with riders Derek Minter and teammate John Hartle at Silverstone, Brands Hatch and Imola, Italy.
In May 1963 Minter suffered serious injuries when racing a Norton at Brands Hatch, and his place in the team for the TT races was taken by Phil Read, who came third to second-place teammate Hartle.
In 1966 Minter arranged to ride the Gileras at the TT in June, again without success as he crashed on a wet road surface after a rain shower at Brandish Corner during the last practice before race-week, breaking his left wrist which ended his racing for the rest of the race season.
The highest Verdet constants in bulk media are found in terbium doped dense flint glasses or in crystals of terbium gallium garnet (TGG).
Atomic vapours, however, can have Verdet constants which are orders of magnitude larger than TGG, but only over a very narrow wavelength range.
Alkali vapours can therefore be used as an optical isolator, as demonstrated in Durham University's Atomic and Molecular Physics research group.
At 632.8 nm, the Verdet constant for TGG is reported to be , whereas at 1064 nm it falls to .
This behavior means that the devices manufactured with a certain degree of rotation at one wavelength, will produce much less rotation at longer wavelengths.
Many Faraday rotators and isolators are adjustable by varying the degree to which the active TGG rod is inserted into the magnetic field of the device.
In this way, the device can be tuned for use with a range of lasers within the design range of the device.
Truly broadband sources (such as ultrashort-pulse lasers and the tunable vibronic lasers) will not see the same rotation across the whole wavelength band.
In Canada, federal budgets are presented annually by the Government of Canada to identify planned government spending, expected government revenue, and forecast economic conditions for the upcoming year.
The budget is announced in the House of Commons by the Minister of Finance, who traditionally wears new shoes while doing so.
Budgets are a confidence measure, and if the House votes against it the government can fall, as happened to Prime Minister Joe Clark's government in 1980.
The governing party strictly enforces party discipline, usually expelling from the party caucus any government Member of Parliament (MP) who votes against the budget.
In cases of minority government, the government has normally had to include major concessions to one of the smaller parties to ensure passage of the budget.
Historically the official opposition used to prepare a complete alternative budget and present this alternative to the Canadian people along with the main budget.
Under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, the Finance Minister famously would type the entire budget himself so that no secretary could read it.
Most of the budget would be released well before its announcement, especially any major changes so as to get feedback from the populace and the market.
These documents identify the planned expenditure of each department, linking these proposed expenses to programs, to objectives and ultimately to the priorities of the current ruling Government.
From there, the Cabinet and Prime Minister's Office adjust the budget based on a series of economic, social and political factors.
In reality, decisions are usually made with the primary intent of re-election and so often include advantages for key regions and lobby groups.
Following the budget, Parliament (the Canadian Parliament) will pass an Appropriation Act (called the 'Interim Supply') which will allow individual departments to spend 3/12th of their annual budget.
The novel follows Charles Schermerhorn Schuyler who has recently returned to the United States after more than 30 years in Europe, where he married into minor Napoleonic nobility; he is accompanied by his beautiful, young, widowed daughter Emma, the Princesse d'Agrigente.
Despite his fame and affluent image, Schuyler finds work as a journalist because his wealth has been destroyed by the Panic of 1873 and his daughter's late husband has left her penniless.
Schuyler also supports the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, Governor of New York, because he hopes to secure himself a diplomatic position with the incoming administration, that will enable him to return to Europe.
The early chapters detail the Schuylers' introduction into New York society and the engagement between Emma and John Day Apgar, a wealthy but rather dull young lawyer and scion of a leading New York family.
The later chapters chronicle Schuyler's sojourn in Washington, DC and Emma's growing friendship with the wealthy Denise Sanford and her boorish husband William.
Emma and Denise become close friends but after Denise dies in childbirth, Emma breaks off her engagement to Apgar and marries Sanford instead.
The political backdrop to the story is the 1876 presidential election, a close run contest between Tilden and the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes.
In Florida, the Republican leaders of the State and the Electoral Commission initially reported a victory for Tilden, before deciding that in fact Hayes had won.
This page lists all earldoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
It remains a matter of debate whether early Anglo-Norman counts/earls held their title by tenure (as barons did) or as a personal dignity conferred separately from the land grants.
Nonetheless, for the last few centuries of English history, earldoms have always been created by letters patent or charters, and the volume of earldoms has long exceeded the number of territorial counties, and, as a result, the names of many earldoms are associated with smaller units (estates, villages, families, etc.
Consols (originally short for consolidated annuities, but subsequently taken to mean consolidated stock) was a name given to certain government debt issues in the form of perpetual bonds, redeemable at the option of the government.
In 1752 the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Prime Minister Sir Henry Pelham converted all outstanding issues of redeemable government stock into one bond, Consolidated 3.5% Annuities, in order to reduce the coupon (interest rate) paid on the government debt.
In 1888, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Joachim Goschen, converted the Consolidated 3% Annuities, along with Reduced 3% Annuities (issued in 1752) and New 3% Annuities (1855), into a new bond, 2% Consolidated Stock, under the National Debt (Conversion) Act 1888 (Goschen's Conversion).
Under the Act, the interest rate of the stock was reduced to 2% in 1903, and the stock given a first redemption date of 5 April 1923, after which point the stock could be redeemed at par value by Act of Parliament.
In 1927 Chancellor Winston Churchill issued a new government stock, 4% Consols, as a partial refinancing of the National War Bonds issued in 1917 during World War One.
It did so on 1 February, 2015, and redeemed the 3% and 3% bonds between March and May of that year.
The alloy has the same linear coefficient of expansion as certain types of glass, and thus makes an ideal material for the lead out wires in light bulbs and thermionic valves.
Unlike most high coercivity magnetic materials which are hard and brittle and need to be cast into shape, cunife can be drawn into thin wires.
At a certain point, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation used Cunife magnets in their Wide-Range humbucking pickups, however they discontinued use, due to Cunife being hard to source.
The Abingtons are a community in South Cambridgeshire consisting of two villages: Little Abington and Great Abington, about south east of Cambridge.
Though often listed as a single entity, Great and Little Abington have since early medieval times been two parishes divided by the River Granta and remain so.
The southernmost of the two, Great Abington, covers and is bounded to the south by the county border with Essex, to the west by a branch of the Icknield Way (now the A11), and to the east by the parish of Hildersham.
Little Abington covers , again bordered by the Icknield Way and Hildersham to the west and east, and by the ancient thoroughfare of Wool Street to the north.
The Great and Little came later, long after the two manors on either side of the river were allotted to different people at the Norman Conquest.
In the decades before the Second World War the Land Settlement Association created a site to the south of Great Abington consisting of over sixty houses and plots of land for unemployed miners mainly from the former shipyards of Tyneside and coalfields of Yorkshire and Durham.
The Cambridge to Haverhill railway line that opened in 1865 crossed Great Abington just south of the village, but closed in 1967.
Great Abington's parish church has been dedicated to St Mary since at least the 16th century and comprises a chancel, nave with south aisle and porch, and west tower.
The majority of the present building dates from the 13th century, possibly earlier, including the two-storey tower with short leaded spire.
The village has a vibrant community with a primary school, village shop, pub, football and cricket team and a large number of local businesses, most of them at Granta Park including The Welding Institute which started in Abington Hall in 1946.
The village also has a village hall, called The Abington Institute, which has a café, a large main hall with video projection and an audio system allowing the showing of films and presentations.
The remaining public house, The Three Tuns in Great Abington, is a 17th-century building that was possibly open in 1687 and certainly by 1756.
Former pubs in Little Abington include The Crown which closed in the late 20th century, and The Bricklayers' Arms, which opened in the mid-19th century and was sold in 1912.
The Princess (later Prince) of Wales in Great Abington opened at the end of the 19th century and closed in about 1963.
The King's Arms opened on the Stump Cross to Newmarket road (now the A11) just north of Bourn Bridge in the late 17th century, closing in 1850 with the advent of the railway.
The White Hart opened on the same road just south of the bridge in around 1750, but closed by the end of the century.
These alloys possess the properties of electrical conductivity, minimal oxidation and formation of porous surfaces at working temperatures of glass and thermal coefficients of expansion which match glass closely.
These requirements allow the alloys to be used in glass seals, such that the seal does not crack, fracture or leak with changes in temperature.
Dumet is most commonly used in seals where lead-in wires pass through the glass bulb wall of standard household electric lamps (light bulbs) among other things.
Propionic acidemia, also known as propionic aciduria or propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PCC deficiency), is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, classified as a branched-chain organic acidemia.
In many cases, propionic acidemia can damage the brain, heart, kidney, liver, cause seizures and delays to normal development like walking or talking.
PCC is required for the normal breakdown of the essential amino acids valine, isoleucine, threonine, and methionine, as well as certain odd-chained fatty-acids.
As a result, propionyl-CoA, propionic acid, ketones, ammonia, and other toxic compounds accumulate in the blood, causing the signs and symptoms of propionic acidemia.
Elevated metabolites of propionic acid (for example, 3-hydroxypropionate, methylcitrate, tiglylglycine, propionylglycine) found in blood and urine along with normal biotinidase levels.
In addition to a protein mixture that is devoid of methionine, threonine, valine, and isoleucine, the patient should also receive -carnitine treatment and should be given antibiotics 10 days per month in order to remove the intestinal propiogenic flora.
Propionic acidemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and is found in about 1 in 35,000 live births in the United States.
In 1957, a male child was born with poor mental development, repeated attacks of acidosis, and high levels of ketones and glycine in the blood.
Upon dietary testing, Dr. Barton Childs discovered that his symptoms worsened when given the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, and threonine.
In 1969, using data from the original patient's sister, scientists established that propionic acidemia was a recessive disorder, and that propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidemia are caused by deficiencies in the same enzyme pathway.
Leod (Scottish Gaelic: Leòd; Old Norse: Ljótr) ( 1200 – 1280) is considered the eponymous ancestor and founder of Clan MacLeod and Clan MacLeod of Lewis.
Tradition dating to the late 18th century made him a son of Olaf the Black who was King of Man (r. 1225–1237).
Heraldic evidence, dating to the late 17th century, is considered to be the earliest evidence of descent from Olaf the Black.
According to Clan MacLeod tradition, Leod inherited some of his lands from a foster father, who was a sheriff of the Hebridean island of Skye; other lands he inherited from his father-in-law, who was also a lord on Skye.
Two of these sons founded the two main branches of MacLeods; branches which exist to this day—Tormod (from whom the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan descend) and Torquil (from whom the MacLeods of Lewis descend).
The traditional belief that Torquil was a son has also been challenged; the current understanding is that he was a great-grandson of Leod.
Until quite recently, Leod has generally been considered to have been the son of Olaf the Black, King of Mann and the Isles (r. 1225–1237).
This chief's son, Iain Breac (chief 1664–1693), is the first MacLeod to have incorporated the Manx triskelion into his coat of arms.
The triskelion was borne in the arms of the kings of Mann and the Isles as far back as the 13th century.
Accordingly, it has been suggested that these points show that 17th century belief of a descent from Olaf was not one of long standing.
Sellar illustrated his point by noting the royal names adopted by the descendants of Somerled (d.1164) and his wife Ragnhild, daughter of Olaf the Red (grandfather of Olaf the Black).
In the 17th century, George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie wrote a history of the Mackenzies, which included a genealogy of the MacLeods of Lewis (from whom he was also descended).
In 1977, historian William Matheson rejected the traditional descent from Olaf the Black on the basis that it is unsupported by any facts whatsoever, and that it is also contradicted by earlier Gaelic-language genealogies which may be more authentic.
So in Matheson's opinion, genealogists mistakenly attached Leod's father and great-grandfather to the Manx king Olaf the Black and his own grandfather, Olaf the Red.
Matheson speculated that Leod's great-grandfather would have likely flourished at about the same time as Olvir Rosta was supposedly exiled to the Outer Hebrides.
In Matheson's opinion, since the Gaelic-language genealogies are inconsistent in the generations further back than Leod's great-grandfather, this may show that the man was a newcomer in the area.
Thomas considered another saga character to be an eponymous ancestor of the MacLeods—this character was Ljótólfr, who would have lived on Lewis about a century before Leod's time.
Morrison considered it possible that Leod's name could have ultimately originated from that of Ljótólfr's; however, while he considered it possible that Ljótólfr could have been an ancestor of Leod, he did not think it could have been in the male-line.
When the Isle of Man passed into the possession of the Scots, Alexander III granted Lewis, Harris, Waternish, and Minginish to Harald.
Sellar went so far as to state that Leod's wife, father, and the grant, were nothing but figments of Cromartie's imagination.
The manuscript states that a King of Denmark had three sons who came to the north of Scotland—Gwine, Loid, and Leandres.
Within the centre of the choir there is a large stone which once contained a monumental brass, traditionally said to have been a MacLeod.
MacLeod speculated that perhaps Leod and five of his successors were buried beneath—however, in his opinion the fourth chief, Iain Ciar, was buried elsewhere.
The tradition is that Tormod was the ancestor of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan (the chiefs of Clan MacLeod), and Torquil was the ancestor of the MacLeods of Lewis.
In the late 20th century, Matheson called into question this tradition of brothers, and his work was followed up by other historians.
The current view of historians is that the two were not brothers at all; but that Torquil was actually the grandson of Tormod.
According to MacLeod, the statement about John following Bruce to Ireland is a mistake, since John's daughter couldn't have married later than 1285.
The account states that this Olaus was the reputed ancestor of the MacLewis, or Fullarton family, which originated on the Isle of Arran and that this family traced its ancestry from Lewis, or MacLoy, son of Olaus, son of Leod.
Jacob Roggeveen (1 February 1659 – 31 January 1729) was a Dutch explorer who was sent to find Terra Australis, but instead came across Easter Island (called so because he landed there on Easter Sunday).
His father, Arend Roggeveen, was a mathematician with much knowledge of astronomy, geography, rhetorics, philosophy, and the theory of navigation as well.
He occupied himself with study of the mythical Terra Australis, and even got a patent for an exploratory excursion, but it was to be his son who, at the age of 62, eventually equipped three ships and made the expedition.
Thereafter he established himself in the small town of Arnemuiden, and published parts 2 and 3 of the series, again raising a controversy.
The expedition later arrived at Easter Island (Rapa Nui) on Easter Sunday, 5 April 1722 (whereupon he reported seeing 2,000-3,000 inhabitants).
At Makatea, he opened fire on a crowded beach in retaliation for a violent encounter with the inhabitants, and in return the Makateans ambushed a shore party, killing ten of his crewmen.
The remaining two vessels sailed past New Guinea to reach Batavia in 1722, where he was arrested for violating the monopoly of the VOC and had his ships confiscated.
After a lengthy lawsuit in the Netherlands, the VOC was later forced to compensate him for his losses and to pay his crew.
Kennan, who was the Deputy Chief of Mission of the United States to the USSR from 1944 to 1946, advocated in the article a policy of containment of the Soviet Union and strong anti-communism.
Although he was highly critical of the Soviet system, the mood within the U.S. State Department was friendship towards the Soviets, because the Soviets were an important ally in the war against Nazi Germany.
In February 1946, the United States Treasury asked the U.S. Embassy in Moscow why the Soviets were not supporting the newly created World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
Answer to Dept's 284, Feb. 3,13 involves questions so intricate, so delicate, so strange to our form of thought, and so important to analysis of our international environment that I cannot compress answers into single brief message without yielding to what I feel would be a dangerous degree of oversimplification.
I hope, therefore, Dept will bear with me if I submit in answer to this question five parts...I apologize in advance for this burdening of telegraphic channel; but questions involved are of such urgent importance, particularly in view of recent events, that our answers to them, if they deserve attention at all, seem to me to deserve it at once.
For the Soviets, capitalism was a menace to the ideals of socialism, and capitalists could not be trusted or allowed to influence the Soviet people.
He argued that the Soviet Union would be sensitive to force, that the Soviets were weak compared to the united Western world, that the Soviets were vulnerable to internal instability, and that Soviet propaganda was primarily negative and destructive.
Kennan advocated sound appraisal, public education, solutions of the internal problems of U.S. society, proposing for other nations a positive picture of the world the U.S. would like to see, and faith in the superiority of the Western way of life over the collective ideals of Soviet Communists.
The pair solicited the input of senior officials in the Departments of State, War, and Justice, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Central Intelligence Group, and utilized the expertise of George Kennan and Charles Bohlen in writing their report.
When it was revealed that the author was George Kennan, the connection to official policy was made, and some high-ranking officials, including Secretary of State George C. Marshall, questioned the approval for the publication.
The X Article took the information presented in the two prior reports and constructed a road map for the Cold War.
Much of the meaning that was interpreted from the article, even within the government, was not the true meaning that Kennan intended.
He admitted that there were serious deficiencies in the article and he was afflicted with ulcers over the response that the article received.
The State Examinations Commission has recently launched an online system which allows examination candidates to view their results via the Internet on the official website of the State Examinations Commission.
A Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator based on the Faraday effect, which in turn is based on a magneto-optic effect.
It works because one polarization of the input light is in ferromagnetic resonance with the material which causes its phase velocity to be higher than the other.
This empirical proportionality constant (in units of radians per tesla per metre, rad/(T·m)) varies with wavelength and temperature and is tabulated for various materials.
Unlike what happens in an optically active medium such as a sugar solution, reflecting a polarized beam back through the same Faraday medium does not undo the polarization change the beam underwent in its forward pass through the medium.
This allows Faraday rotators to be used to construct devices such as optical isolators to prevent undesired back propagation of light from disrupting or damaging an optical system.
like a right-handed screw) during both the forward and backward passes, reversing the original rotation and returning the incident beam to its original polarization.
Conversely, in a Faraday medium, because the light reverses its propagation direction with respect to the magnetic field, the helicity of the propagation also reverses.
But because the propagation axis has also reversed, this reversal of helicity is just what is needed to cause the back-reflected light to have polarization different from that of the incident light.
Cadwallader Colden Washburn (April 22, 1818May 14, 1882) was an American businessman, politician, and soldier who founded a mill that later became General Mills.
Washburn was born in Livermore (in modern-day Maine, then a part of Massachusetts), the son of Martha (née Benjamin) and Israel Washburn, Sr.
He was one of seven brothers, who included Israel Washburn, Jr., Elihu B. Washburne, William D. Washburn, and Charles Ames Washburn.
In 1839 he moved to Davenport, Iowa Territory, where he taught school, worked in a store, and worked as a surveyor.
Inspired by his brother Elihu who set up a legal practice in nearby Galena, Illinois, he studied law, In 1842 he was admitted to the Wisconsin bar and moved to Mineral Point, Iowa County, Wisconsin Territory, where he began a legal practice.
Among the incorporators were Washburn's cousin Dorilus Morrison, and Robert Smith, an Illinois congressman who had acquired the rights to the water power at the west side of St. Anthony Falls in Minneapolis.
The company built a dam, a canal and a complex set of water transfer tunnels which were then leased, along with land that the company owned at the foot of the falls, to a variety of mills – cotton mills, woolen mills, sawmills and grist/flour mills.
Eventually the work and investment of the two brothers paid off well, and they used their new-found capital to invest in mills themselves.
In 1859 Washburn moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and after his war time service, he engaged in a project to clear the Black River to make it easier to drive logs.
Dunwoody became a philanthropist endowing hospitals, educational facilities which became Dunwoody College of Technology, and a charitable home which ultimately became Dunwoody Village.
In 1854, Washburn ran for Congress as a Republican, later serving three terms as part of the 34th, 35th and 36th United States Congresses representing Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district, from March 4, 1855 to March 3, 1861.
Washburn moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1861 but returned to Washington, D.C. later that year as a delegate in the peace convention that was held in an attempt to prevent the American Civil War.
He served in the Union Army during the Civil War, becoming colonel of the 2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry, on February 6, 1862; brigadier general of Volunteers on July 16, 1862; and major general on November 29, 1862.
Once siege operations had begun against the city of Vicksburg and Grant called for all available forces, Washburn led a detachment of the XVI Corps during the siege of Vicksburg.
He commanded the 1st Division in the XIII Corps in Nathanial P. Banks' operations along the Texas Coast leading the expedition against Fort Esperanza in November 1863.
While commanding Union forces in Memphis, he was the target of an unsuccessful raid led by Nathan B. Forrest to kidnap him and other Union generals.
After the conclusion of the war, Washburn returned to his home in La Crosse, where he was elected again for two terms in the House of Representatives.
This time he represented Wisconsin's 6th congressional district at the 40th and 41st Congresses from March 4, 1867 to March 3, 1871, where he was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings in the first term.
Washburn won the election and was inaugurated governor of Wisconsin on the first Monday in January 1872 and served from 1872 to 1874.
After the birth of their second daughter, Frances (Fanny), in 1852, Washburn made arrangements for his wife's care at the Bloomingdale Asylum.
Later she was transferred to an institution in Brookline, Massachusetts, where she remained until her death at age 90 in 1909.
Nearly a year later, on May 14, 1882, he died in Eureka Springs, Arkansas while on a visit to the springs for his health.
A large bequest was made to the city of La Crosse; land was bought and a building for the La Crosse Public Library erected.
The city of Washburn in Bayfield County, Wisconsin was named after Cadwallader Washburn, as were Washburn County in northern Wisconsin and the city of Washburn, North Dakota, and Washburn High School in Minneapolis.
Washburn Observatory, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, was also named for Washburn, who as governor, allocated the money for its construction.
La Crosse, Wisconsin, where Washburn is laid to rest at his memorial in the Oak Grove Cemetery, has a downtown neighborhood and park named for the former governor and long time resident of the city.
In 2015 the Washburn Neighborhood was ranked 5th on AARP's Livability Index as one of the best places in the United States for people age 50 and older to live based on housing and community services.
A few the reasons given for this perfect score are the neighborhoods low speed limits and the cities Complete Streets Policy that helps to protect pedestrians and drivers alike.
Another positive highlight pointed to is the city owned transit-oriented Grand River Station helping bringing local and intercity transit services to the heart of the downtown neighborhood, and for mixing stores, offices, and residents on the same block.
Also earning the neighborhood points in the transportation category is that every bus in the La Crosse MTU fleet offers modern wheelchair accessibility.
All species of this genus are native to the Neotropic ecozone, occurring in the Orinoco and Amazon Basins in northern South America.
Age/sex/location (commonly referred to by the shorthand A/S/L, asl or ASL) is an article of Internet slang used in instant messaging programs and in Internet chatrooms.
It is used as a question to find out the age, sex, and general location of the person one is talking to.
Hyperammonemia is one of the metabolic derangements that contribute to hepatic encephalopathy, which can cause swelling of astrocytes and stimulation of NMDA-receptors in the brain.
Intravenous arginine (argininosuccinase deficiency), sodium phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate (ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency) are pharmacologic agents commonly used as adjunctive therapy to treat hyperammonemia in patients with urea cycle enzyme deficiencies.
Similarly, sodium benzoate reduces ammonia content in the blood by conjugating with glycine to form hippuric acid, which is rapidly excreted by the kidneys.
Treatment of severe hyperammonemia (serum ammonia levels greater than 1000 μmol/L) should begin with hemodialysis if it is otherwise medically appropriate and tolerated.
Whakatane ( ; , ) is a town in the eastern Bay of Plenty Region in the North Island of New Zealand, 90 km east of Tauranga and 89 km north-east of Rotorua, at the mouth of the Whakatane River.
Whakatane District is the encompassing territorial authority, which covers an area to the south and west of the town, excluding the enclave of Kawerau.
Whakatane has an urban population of , making it New Zealand's 24th largest urban area, and the Bay of Plenty's third largest urban area behind Tauranga and Rotorua.
It is the main urban centre of the Eastern Bay Of Plenty sub-region; incorporating Whakatane, Kawerau, and Opotiki, the Eastern Bay stretches from Otamarakau in the west, to Cape Runaway in the north-east and Whirinaki in the south.
It is the seat of the Bay of Plenty Regional Council, chosen as a compromise between the region's two larger cities, Tauranga and Rotorua.
Māori pā (Māori fortified village) sites in the area date back to the first Polynesian settlements, estimated to have been around 1200 CE.
According to Māori tradition Toi-te-huatahi, later known as Toi-kai-rakau, landed at Whakatane about 1150 CE in search of his grandson Whatonga.
Failing to find Whatonga, he settled in the locality and built a pa on the highest point of the headland now called Whakatane Heads, overlooking the present town.
Wairaka's efforts are commemorated by a bronze statue of her at the mouth of the Whakatane River, which was installed in 1965.
Its role culminated in 1869 with raids by Te Kooti's forces and a number of its few buildings were razed, leading to an armed constabulary being stationed above the town for a short while.
Whakatane beach heralded a historic meeting on 23 March 1908 between Prime Minister Joseph Ward and the Māori prophet and activist Rua Kenana Hepetipa.
The town was a notable shipbuilding and trade centre from 1880 and with the draining of the Rangitikei swamp into productive farmland from 1904, Whakatane grew considerably.
In the early 1920s it was the fastest growing town in the country for a period of about three years and this saw the introduction of electricity for the first time.
The Whakatane River once had a much longer and more circuitous route along the western edge of the Whakatane urban area, having been significantly re-coursed in the 1960s with a couple of its loopier loops removed to help prevent flooding and provide for expansion of the town.
The original wide-span ferro-concrete bridge constructed in 1911 at the (aptly named) Bridge Street was demolished in 1984 and replaced by the Landing Road bridge.
Whakatane has in recent years benefited from its relative dominance over numerous smaller and less prosperous towns surrounding it, such as Te Teko (affectionately known as 'Texas') and Waimana, and its popularity as a retirement and lifestyle destination.
The 'First International Conference on the Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples' was held in Whakatane from 12 to 18 June 1993.
This resulted in the Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples', commonly referred to as the Mataatua Declaration.
Heavy rain struck the Bay of Plenty region between 16-18 July 2004, resulting in severe flooding and a state of civil emergency being declared.
A total of 245.8 mm of rain fell in Whakatane in the 48-hour period and many small earthquakes were also felt during this time, loosening the sodden earth and resulting in landslips that claimed two lives.
The mouth of the Whakatane River and Ohiwa Harbour have both provided berths for yachts, fishing trawlers and small ships since European settlement of the area.
While farming and forestry activities remain the dominant sectors, tourism is a growing industry for Whakatane, with a continued increase in guest nights in the district.
Popular tourist activities include the beaches, swimming with dolphins, whale watching, chartered fishing cruises, surf tours, amateur astronomy, hunting, experiences of Maori culture and bush walking.
Aquaculture is an emerging industry for the Eastern Bay, with the development of a 3800 hectare marine farm 8.5 km offshore of Opotiki, expected to produce 20,000 tonnes of mussels per annum by 2025 and add $35 million to regional GDP.
Whakatane is home to the regional radio station One Double X - 1XX - one of the first privately owned commercial radio stations on air in New Zealand in the early 1970s.
In 2006, a large-format shopping centre (The Hub Whakatane) was built on the edge of town anchored by national chains Bunnings Warehouse and Harvey Norman.
Prior to the centre's construction, it was estimated around $30 million in local retail spending was being lost to large format retail stores in neighboring Tauranga and Rotorua.
Private cars, limited public transport and taxis (as well as cycling and walking) are the primary modes of transport for residents.
Coastal trading, including scows and steamships - notably the Northern Steamship Company service, which ran until 1959, used Whakatane as a port of call.
The depth of water over the Whakatane River entrance has been a limiting factor to the development of better port facilities, but it is generally held that a training wall along the western edge of the entrance would allow greater depths and safer crossings.
A passenger train called the Taneatua Express ran on the East Coast Main Trunk Railway (ECMT) as far as Taneatua until 1959.
A private railway line operated by Whakatane Board Mills (now Carter Holt Harvey Whakatane) formerly connected the company's mill on the western side of the river to the Taneatua Branch line at Awakeri.
In 1999 operation of the Whakatane Board Mills line was taken over by Tranz Rail (now KiwiRail) and the line was renamed the Whakatane Industrial line.
An ETF holds assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds and generally operates with an arbitrage mechanism designed to keep it trading close to its net asset value, although deviations can occasionally occur.
Authorized participants may wish to invest in the ETF shares for the long term, but they usually act as market makers on the open market, using their ability to exchange creation units with their underlying securities to provide liquidity of the ETF shares and help ensure that their intraday market price approximates the net asset value of the underlying assets.
An ETF combines the valuation feature of a mutual fund or unit investment trust, which can be bought or sold at the end of each trading day for its net asset value, with the tradability feature of a closed-end fund, which trades throughout the trading day at prices that may be more or less than its net asset value.
ETFs traditionally have been index funds, but in 2008 the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission began to authorize the creation of actively managed ETFs.
More than US$2 trillion were invested in ETFs in the United States between when they were introduced in 1993 and 2015.
The details of the structure (such as a corporation or trust) will vary by country, and even within one country there may be multiple possible structures.
Shareholders are entitled to a share of the profits, such as interest or dividends, and they may get a residual value in case the fund is liquidated.
ETFs are similar in many ways to traditional mutual funds, except that shares in an ETF can be bought and sold throughout the day like stocks on a stock exchange through a broker-dealer.
Purchases and redemptions of the creation units generally are in kind, with the institutional investor contributing or receiving a basket of securities of the same type and proportion held by the ETF, although some ETFs may require or permit a purchasing or redeeming shareholder to substitute cash for some or all of the securities in the basket of assets.
The ability to purchase and redeem creation units gives ETFs an arbitrage mechanism intended to minimize the potential deviation between the market price and the net asset value of ETF shares.
Existing ETFs have transparent portfolios, so institutional investors will know exactly what portfolio assets they must assemble if they wish to purchase a creation unit, and the exchange disseminates the updated net asset value of the shares throughout the trading day, typically at 15-second intervals.
If there is strong investor demand for an ETF, its share price will temporarily rise above its net asset value per share, giving arbitrageurs an incentive to purchase additional creation units from the ETF and sell the component ETF shares in the open market.
A similar process applies when there is weak demand for an ETF: its shares trade at a discount from net asset value.
In the United States, most ETFs are structured as open-end management investment companies (the same structure used by mutual funds and money market funds), although a few ETFs, including some of the largest ones, are structured as unit investment trusts.
ETFs structured as open-end funds have greater flexibility in constructing a portfolio and are not prohibited from participating in securities lending programs or from using futures and options in achieving their investment objectives.
Under existing regulations, a new ETF must receive an order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), giving it relief from provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940 that would not otherwise allow the ETF structure.
The SEC rule proposal indicates that the SEC may still consider future applications for exemptive orders for actively managed ETFs that do not satisfy the proposed rule's transparency requirements.
Although these commodity ETFs are similar in practice to ETFs that invest in securities, they are not investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Publicly traded grantor trusts, such as Merrill Lynch's HOLDRs securities, are sometimes considered to be ETFs, although they lack many of the characteristics of other ETFs.
Investors in a grantor trust have a direct interest in the underlying basket of securities, which does not change except to reflect corporate actions such as stock splits and mergers.
In 2019, the SEC proposed a new rule that would make it easier for leveraged and inverse ETFs to come to market.
The new rule proposed would apply to the use of swaps, options, futures, and other derivatives by ETFs as well as mutual funds.
Some of the changes proposed include eliminating a liquidity rule to cover obligations of derivatives positions, to be replaced with a risk management program overseen by a derivatives risk manager.
ETFs had their genesis in 1989 with Index Participation Shares, an S&P 500 proxy that traded on the American Stock Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange.
This product, however, was short-lived after a lawsuit by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange was successful in stopping sales in the United States.
The popularity of these products led the American Stock Exchange to try to develop something that would satisfy SEC regulation in the United States.
Nathan Most and Steven Bloom, under the direction of Ivers Riley, designed and developed Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts (), which were introduced in January 1993.
Barclays Global Investors, a subsidiary of Barclays PLC, in conjunction with MSCI and as its underwriter, a Boston-based third party distributor, Funds Distributor Inc., entered the market in 1996 with World Equity Benchmark Shares (WEBS), which became iShares MSCI Index Fund Shares.
While SPDRs were organized as unit investment trusts, WEBS were set up as a mutual fund, the first of their kind.
In 2000, Barclays Global Investors put a significant effort behind the ETF marketplace, with a strong emphasis on education and distribution to reach long-term investors.
The first fund was Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (), which has become quite popular, and they made the Vanguard Extended Market Index ETF ().
iShares made the first bond funds in July 2002, based on US Treasury bonds and corporate bonds, such as iShares iBoxx $ Invst Grade Crp Bond ().
In 2007, they introduced funds based on junk and muni bonds; about the same time State Street and Vanguard created several of their own bond ETFs.
Since then ETFs have proliferated, tailored to an increasingly specific array of regions, sectors, commodities, bonds, futures, and other asset classes.
ETFs generally provide the easy diversification, low expense ratios, and tax efficiency of index funds, while still maintaining all the features of ordinary stock, such as limit orders, short selling, and options.
Because ETFs can be economically acquired, held, and disposed of, some investors invest in ETF shares as a long-term investment for asset allocation purposes, while other investors trade ETF shares frequently to hedge risk over short periods or implement market timing investment strategies.
An index fund seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index.
Some index ETFs, known as leveraged ETFs or inverse ETFs, use investments in derivatives to seek a return that corresponds to a multiple of, or the inverse (opposite) of, the daily performance of the index.
Many funds track national indexes; for example, Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF tracks the CRSP U.S. Total Market Index, and several funds track the S&P 500, both indexes for US stocks.
For example, the S&P 500 index is large- and mid-cap, so the SPDR S&P 500 ETF will not contain small-cap stocks.
ETFs focusing on dividends have been popular in the first few years of the 2010s decade, such as iShares Select Dividend.
They thrive during economic recessions because investors pull their money out of the stock market and into bonds (for example, government treasury bonds or those issued by companies regarded as financially stable).
There are several advantages to bond ETFs such as the reasonable trading commissions, but this benefit can be negatively offset by fees if bought and sold through a third party.
The idea of a Gold ETF was first officially conceptualised by Benchmark Asset Management Company Private Ltd in India when they filed a proposal with the SEBI in May 2002.
The first gold exchange-traded fund was Gold Bullion Securities launched on the ASX in 2003, and the first silver exchange-traded fund was iShares Silver Trust launched on the NYSE in 2006.
Because they do not invest in securities, commodity ETFs are not regulated as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940 in the United States, although their public offering is subject to SEC review and they need an SEC no-action letter under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The earliest commodity ETFs, such as SPDR Gold Shares () and iShares Silver Trust (), owned the physical commodity (e.g., gold and silver bars).
Commodity ETFs trade just like shares, are simple and efficient and provide exposure to an ever-increasing range of commodities and commodity indices, including energy, metals, softs and agriculture.
However, it is important for an investor to realize that there are often other factors that affect the price of a commodity ETF that might not be immediately apparent.
For example, buyers of an oil ETF such as USO might think that as long as oil goes up, they will profit roughly linearly.
In 2007 Deutsche Bank's db x-trackers launched EONIA Total Return Index ETF in Frankfurt tracking the euro, and later in 2008 the Sterling Money Market ETF () and US Dollar Money Market ETF () in London.
In 2009, ETF Securities launched the world's largest FX platform tracking the MSFX Index covering 18 long or short USD ETC vs. single G10 currencies.
The funds are total return products where the investor gets access to the FX spot change, local institutional interest rates and a collateral yield.
However, the SEC indicated that it was willing to consider allowing actively managed ETFs that are not fully transparent in the future, and later actively managed ETFs have sought alternatives to full transparency.
The fully transparent nature of existing ETFs means that an actively managed ETF is at risk from arbitrage activities by market participants who might choose to front run its trades as daily reports of the ETF's holdings reveals its manager's trading strategy.
The actively managed ETF market has largely been seen as more favorable to bond funds, because concerns about disclosing bond holdings are less pronounced, there are fewer product choices, and there is increased appetite for bond products.
Pimco's Enhanced Short Duration ETF is the largest actively managed ETF, with approximately $3.93 billion in assets as of May 16, 2014.
Actively managed ETFs grew faster in their first three years of existence than index ETFs did in their first three years of existence.
An exchange-traded grantor trust was used to give a direct interest in a static basket of stocks selected from a particular industry.
Such products have some properties in common with ETFs—low costs, low turnover, and tax efficiency: but are generally regarded as separate from ETFs.
The leading example was Holding Company Depositary Receipts, or HOLDRs, a proprietary Merrill Lynch product, but these have now disappeared from the scene.
Inverse ETFs are constructed by using various derivatives for the purpose of profiting from a decline in the value of the underlying benchmark.
It is a similar type of investment to holding several short positions or using a combination of advanced investment strategies to profit from falling prices.
Leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs or leveraged ETFs) are a relatively recent type of ETF that attempt to achieve returns that are more sensitive to market movements than non-leveraged ETFs.
Leveraged ETFs require the use of financial engineering techniques, including the use of equity swaps, derivatives and rebalancing, and re-indexing to achieve the desired return.
The rebalancing problem is that the fund manager incurs trading losses because he needs to buy when the index goes up and sell when the index goes down in order to maintain a fixed leverage ratio.
A 2.5% daily change in the index will for example reduce value of a -2x bear fund by about 0.18% per day, which means that about a third of the fund may be wasted in trading losses within a year (1-(1-0.18%)=36.5%).
A more reasonable estimate of daily market changes is 0.5%, which leads to a 2.6% yearly loss of principal in a 3x leveraged fund.
Take, for example, an index that begins at 100 and a 2X fund based on that index that also starts at 100.
This decline in value can be even greater for inverse funds (leveraged funds with negative multipliers such as -1, -2, or -3).
In particular, the terminal payoff of a leveraged ETF European/American put or call depends on the realized variance (hence the path) of the underlying index.
For instance, the implied volatility curves of inverse leveraged ETFs (with negative multipliers such as -1, -2, or -3) are commonly observed to be increasing in strike, which is characteristically different from the implied volatility smiles or skews seen for index options or non-leveraged ETF options.
The SEC, in May 2017, granted approval of a pair of 4x leveraged ETF related to S&P 500 Futures, before rescinding the approval a few weeks later.
The decision concerns two potential products: ForceShares Daily 4X US Market Futures Long Fund, which would have listed under the ticker UP, and ForceShares Daily 4X US Market Futures Short Fund, with the ticker DOWN.
This is mainly from two factors, the fact that most ETFs are index funds and some advantages of the ETF structure.
However, this needs to be compared in each case, since some index mutual funds also have a very low expense ratio, and some ETFs' expense ratios are relatively high.
An index fund is much simpler to run, since it does not require some security selection, and can be largely done by computer.
Not only does an ETF have lower shareholder-related expenses, but because it does not have to invest cash contributions or fund cash redemptions, an ETF does not have to maintain a cash reserve for redemptions and saves on brokerage expenses.
Mutual funds can charge 1% to 3%, or more; index fund expense ratios are generally lower, while ETFs are almost always less than 1%.
For example, a typical flat fee schedule from an online brokerage firm in the United States ranges from $10 to $20, but it can be as low as $0 with discount brokers.
Because of this commission cost, the amount invested has a great bearing; someone who wishes to invest $100 per month may lose a significant percentage of their investment immediately, while for someone making a $200,000 investment, the commission cost may be negligible.
The cost difference is more evident when compared with mutual funds that charge a front-end or back-end load as ETFs do not have loads at all.
The redemption fee and short-term trading fees are examples of other fees associated with mutual funds that do not exist with ETFs.
In the U.S., whenever a mutual fund realizes a capital gain that is not balanced by a realized loss, the mutual fund must distribute the capital gains to its shareholders.
In contrast, ETFs are not redeemed by holders (instead, holders simply sell their ETF shares on the stock market, as they would a stock, or effect a non-taxable redemption of a creation unit for portfolio securities), so that investors generally only realize capital gains when they sell their own shares for a gain.
In other cases, Vanguard uses the ETF structure to let the entire fund defer capital gains, benefiting both the ETF holders and mutual fund holders.
In addition, Vanguard can use the mutual fund structure to get an additional advantage from tax loss harvesting any capital losses from net redemptions.
In the U.K., ETFs can be shielded from capital gains tax by placing them in an Individual Savings Account (ISA) or Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP), in the same manner as many other shares.
Because UK-resident ETFs would be liable for UK corporation tax on non-UK dividends, most ETFs which hold non-UK companies sold to UK investors are issued in Ireland or Luxembourg.
A mutual fund is bought or sold at the end of a day's trading, whereas ETFs can be traded whenever the market is open.
Since ETFs trade on the market, investors can carry out the same types of trades that they can with a stock.
For instance, investors can sell short, use a limit order, use a stop-loss order, buy on margin, and invest as much or as little money as they wish (there is no minimum investment requirement).
Covered call strategies allow investors and traders to potentially increase their returns on their ETF purchases by collecting premiums (the proceeds of a call sale or write) on calls written against them.
New regulations were put in place following the 2010 Flash Crash, when prices of ETFs and other stocks and options became volatile, with trading markets spiking and bids falling as low as a penny a share in what the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) investigation described as one of the most turbulent periods in the history of financial markets.
It is different from the premium/discount which is the difference between the ETF’s NAV (updated only once a day) and its market price.
Some of the most liquid equity ETFs tend to have better tracking performance because the underlying is also sufficiently liquid, allowing for full replication.
In contrast, some ETFs, such as commodities ETFs and their leveraged ETFs, do not necessarily employ full replication because the physical assets cannot be stored easily or used to create a leveraged exposure, or the reference asset or index is illiquid.
Areas of concern include the lack of transparency in products and increasing complexity; conflicts of interest; and lack of regulatory compliance.
A potential hazard is that the investment bank offering the ETF might post its own collateral, and that collateral could be of dubious quality.
These types of set-ups are not allowed under the European guidelines, Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS), so the investor should look for UCITS III-compliant funds.
Some funds are constantly traded, with tens of millions of shares per day changing hands, while others trade only once in a while, even not trading for some days.
John C. Bogle, founder of the Vanguard Group, a leading issuer of index mutual funds (and, since Bogle's retirement, of ETFs), has argued that ETFs represent short-term speculation, that their trading expenses decrease returns to investors, and that most ETFs provide insufficient diversification.
ETFs are dependent on the efficacy of the arbitrage mechanism in order for their share price to track net asset value.
While the average deviation between the daily closing price and the daily NAV of ETFs that track domestic indices is generally less than 2%, the deviations may be more significant for ETFs that track certain foreign indices.
According to a study on ETF returns in 2009 by Morgan Stanley, ETFs missed in 2009 their targets by an average of 1.25 percentage points, a gap more than twice as wide as the 0.52-percentage-point average they posted in 2008.
Part of this so-called tracking error is attributed to the proliferation of ETFs targeting exotic investments or areas where trading is less frequent, such as emerging-market stocks, future-contracts based commodity indices and junk bonds.
In a survey of investment professionals, the most frequently cited disadvantage of ETFs was the unknown, untested indices used by many ETFs, followed by the overwhelming number of choices.
Some critics claim that ETFs can be, and have been, used to manipulate market prices, including having been used for short selling that has been asserted by some observers to have contributed to the market collapse of 2008.
At the end of March 2019, the asset under management in the European industry stood at €760bn, compared with an amount of €100bn at the end of 2008.
At the end of March 2019, ETFs account for 8.6% of total AUM in investment funds in Europe, up from 5.5% five years earlier.
While ETFs are now used across a wide spectrum of asset classes, in 2019 the main use is currently in the area of equities and sectors, for 91% (45% in 2006) and 83% of the survey respondents, respectively.
This is likely to be linked to the popularity of indexing in these asset classes, as well as to the fact that equity indices and sector indices are based on highly liquid instruments, which makes it straightforward to create ETFs on such underlying securities.
The other asset classes for which a large share of investors declare using ETFs are commodities and corporate bonds (68% for them both, to be compared with 6% and 15% in 2006, respectively), smart beta-factor investing and government bonds (66% for them both, to be compared with 13% for government bonds in 2006).
Over the years, EDHEC survey results have consistently indicated that ETFs were used as part of a truly passive investment approach, mainly for long-term buy-and-hold investment, rather than tactical allocation.
However, over the past three years, the two approaches have gradually become more balanced and, in 2019, European investment professionals declare that their use of ETFs for tactical allocation is actually greater than for long term positions (53% and 51% respectively).
If gaining broad market exposure remains the main focus of ETFs for 73% of users in 2019, 52% of respondents declare using ETFs to obtain specific sub-segment exposure.
Investors can easily increase or decrease their portfolio exposure to a specific style, sector, or factor at lower cost with ETFs.
The more volatile the markets are, the more interesting it is to use low cost instruments for tactical allocation, especially that cost is a major criterion for selecting an ETF provider for 88% of respondents.
Despite a high current adoption rate of ETFs and the already high maturity of this market, a high percentage of investors (46%) still plan to increase their use of ETFs in the future, according to the EDHEC 2019 survey responses.
Investors are planning to increase their ETF allocation to replace active managers (71% of respondents in 2019), but are also seeking to replace other passive investing products through ETFs (42% of respondents in 2019).
Investors are especially demanding for further developments of ETF products in the area of Ethical/SRI and smart beta equity / factor indices.
In 2018, ESG ETFs enjoyed growth of 50%, reaching €9.95bn, with the launch of 36 new products, against just 15 in 2017.
However, 31% of the EDHEC 2019 survey respondents still require additional ETF products based on sustainable investment, which appears to be their top concern.
Investors are also demanding for ETFs related to advanced forms of equity indices, namely those based on multi-factor and smart beta indices (30% and 28% of respondents, respectively), and 45% of respondents would like to see further developments in at least one category related to smart beta equity or factor indices (smart beta indices, single-factor indices and multi-factor indices).
Consistent with the desire to use ETFs for passive exposure to broad market indices, only 19% of respondents show any interest in future development of actively managed equity ETFs.
Western settlement is considered to have been started by Padre Jose Nicolas Balli, who set up a cattle ranch early in the 19th century.
He and his family were driven out by the Mexican–American War and were unable to return because of the American Civil War.
Most of the island was closed by the National Park Service until 1962, after which settlement was allowed, and incomers began to establish an economy on the island and neighboring Port Isabel.
By 1978, the island had a population of around 314; a decade later, it had a population of 1,012 and 111 businesses.
Being mainly coastline, the island's main source of income is tourism, with tens of thousands of college students flocking to the island every Spring Break.
Daniel Mirl Gare (born May 14, 1954) is a Canadian broadcaster, ice hockey coach and former National Hockey League (NHL) player, most notably of the Buffalo Sabres.
In his rookie season of 1974–75, he had 62 points in the regular season and 13 points in the playoffs, as Buffalo went to the Stanley Cup finals.
Following his playing career, Gare was briefly an assistant coach and TV color analyst for the Tampa Bay Lightning, and served on the Buffalo Sabres broadcast team on Empire Sports Network.
He also served as an interim studio analyst for the Sabres when Mike Robitaille has been unavailable and did color commentary for games that Harry Neale was unable to work.
He was appointed the alternate Sabres color analyst and paired with Kevin Sylvester in an effort to reduce the workload of longtime Sabres broadcaster Rick Jeanneret.
Because of his goal scoring prowess he played right wing on the power play even during The French Connection years, which pushed René Robert back to the point.
He holds team records for most goals by a right winger (267), most game-tying goals (21), and fastest goal scored from start of NHL career (0:18 into his debut versus the Boston Bruins on 10 October 1974).
It is based on the true story of Augusto and Michaela Odone, two parents in a relentless search for a cure for their son Lorenzo's adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD).
The film had a limited release in North America on December 30, 1992, with a nationwide release two weeks later on January 15, 1993.
It was generally well received by the critics and received two nominations at the 65th Academy Awards but was a box office bomb, grossing only $7.2 million against its $30 million budget.
Lorenzo is a bright and vibrant young boy living in the Comoro Islands, as his father Augusto works for the World Bank and is stationed there.
However, when his parents relocate back to the United States, he begins to show signs of neurological problems (such as falling, loss of hearing, tantrums, etc.).
Failing to find a doctor capable of treating their son's rare disease Augusto and his wife, Michaela, set out on a mission to find a treatment to save their son.
In their quest, the Odones clash with doctors, scientists and a support group that is skeptical that anything could be done about ALD, much less by laypeople.
But they persist, setting up camp in medical libraries, reviewing animal experiments, enlisting the aid of Professor Gus Nikolais, badgering researchers, questioning top doctors all over the world and even organizing an international symposium about the disease.
Despite research dead-ends, the horror of watching their son's health decline and being surrounded by skeptics (including the coordinators of the support group they attend), they persist until they finally hit upon a therapy involving adding a certain kind of oil (actually containing two specific long chain fatty acids, isolated from rapeseed oil and olive oil) to their son's diet.
They contact over 100 firms around the world until they find an elderly British chemist, Don Suddaby, who is working for Croda International and is willing to take on the challenge of distilling the proper formula.
The oil, erucic acid, proves successful in normalizing the accumulation of the very long chain fatty acids in the brain that had been causing their son's steady decline, thereby halting the progression of the disease.
There is still a great deal of neurological damage remaining which could not be reversed unless new treatments could be found to regenerate the myelin sheath (a lipid insulator) around the nerves.
Ultimately, it is revealed that Lorenzo has regained his sight, can move his head from side to side, vocalize simple sounds and is learning to use a computer.
For example, the poet James Merrill was noticed by a casting director at a New York public reading of his poetry.
The film features Allegri's Miserere, Edward Elgar's cello concerto, as well as Barber's Adagio for Strings and Mozart's Ave verum corpus K.618.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews from 37 critics to give the film a score of 92%, with an average rating of 8/10, .
Though the film seemed to accurately portray the events related to the boy's condition and his parents' efforts during the time period covered by the film, it was criticized for painting a picture of a miracle cure.
The actual subject of the film, Lorenzo Odone, died of pneumonia in May 2008 at the age of 30, having lived two decades longer than originally predicted by doctors.
While originally flavoured from bitter almonds, various modern commercial brands are prepared from a base of apricot stones, peach stones, or almonds, all of which are natural sources of the benzaldehyde that provides the principal almond-like flavour of the liqueur.
When served as a beverage, amaretto can be drunk by itself, used as an ingredient to create several popular mixed drinks, or added to coffee.
However, the bitterness of amaretto tends to be mild, and sweeteners (and sometimes sweet almonds) enhance the flavour in the final products.
One should not confuse amaretto with amaro, a different family of Italian liqueurs that, while also sweetened, have a stronger bitter flavour derived from herbs.
Despite the known history on the introduction and acceptance of almonds into Italian cuisine, newer takes on the meanings and origins have been popularized by two major brands.
Amaretto is sometimes used as a substitute for Orgeat Syrup in places where the syrup cannot be found, or just to impart a less sweet flavour.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the Rangers were two secretive, independent groups organized by the Dúnedain of the North (Arnor) and South (Gondor) in the Third Age.
Like their Númenórean ancestors, they appeared to possess qualities closely attributed to the Eldar, with their keen senses and ability to understand the language of birds and beasts.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the Rangers of Ithilien, also known as the Rangers of the South and Rangers of Gondor, were an elite group of the Southern Dúnedain warriors who scouted in and guarded the land of Ithilien.
The Rangers were first formed at the end of the twenty-ninth century of the Third Age by a decree of the Ruling Steward of Gondor, for Ithilien was frequently subjected to enemies from Mordor and Minas Morgul.
These Rangers were descendants of those who lived in Ithilien before it was overrun and, more distantly, of the ancient Númenóreans.
Like their cousins, the Rangers of the North, they were able to speak Sindarin (or some variation of it), their preferred language as opposed to the Common Speech.
Their camouflaging green and brown raiment proved to be a useful asset to their secret activities, which mainly concerned crossing the Anduin to assault the Enemy in a manner much akin to guerilla warfare.
During the Fourth Age, it is presumed that most of these men became a part of the White Company, the guards of Faramir, the first Prince of Ithilien.
Although members of the E Street Band occasionally performed on the album, Springsteen recorded most of the parts himself, often with drum machines and synthesizers.
The 1988 Springsteen and E Street Band Tunnel of Love Express tour would showcase the album's songs, sometimes in arrangements courtesy of The Miami Horns.
The video of the title track was nominated for five MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year and, paradoxically, Best Editing.
The club was established in 1904, taking the crest of Leeds as the club badge and adopting blue, yellow and white as the club's colours.
The original secretary, a role that then also carried the modern responsibilities of manager and coach, was Gilbert Gillies (1904–1908) who was followed by Frank Scott-Walford before in 1912, they appointed Herbert Chapman who guided the club to their highest position in the league (4th in the Second Division).
However, during the First World War there ensued a sequence of financial irregularities, including breaking the ban on paying players during the war, that led to the club's dissolution in 1919.
The harsh punishment was handed down mostly because of the behaviour of the club's directors, who refused to co-operate in an FA inquiry, and refused to hand over the club's financial records.
Leeds City were the first club to be expelled from the League mid-season, and one of only two to be expelled from the League due to financial irregularities, with Bury expelled in 2019.
Ironically, Leeds City's successors, Port Vale, nearly lost their League status for similar reasons in 1968, although they ultimately managed to retain it in an end-of-season vote among the other clubs.
On 17 October 1919, an auction was held at the Metropole Hotel in Leeds, where the playing staff was auctioned off along with other assets of the club.
The pedestrian section as such starts at the intersection of Perú Street and Avenida de Mayo, a block north of the Plaza de Mayo; Perú Street crosses Rivadavia Avenue, and becomes Florida Street.
By evening, the pace relaxes as street performers flock to the area, including tango singers and dancers, living statues, and comedy acts.
The beginnings of Florida Street date back to the founding of Buenos Aires in 1580, when it was hewn as a primitive path uphill from the banks of the Río de la Plata.
Improved with boulders brought from Montevideo beginning in 1789, it became the first paved street in the city (a section of the original cobblestone pavement is displayed behind the entrance to the Cathedral Station on Diagonal Norte Avenue).
Following the British invasions of the Río de la Plata in 1808, the street was called Baltasar Unquera, in homage to an aide-de-camp to Viceroy Santiago de Liniers, fallen in the fight against Admiral William Carr Beresford.
The name was designated in honor of the battle fought in 1814 in Upper Peru against the royalists during the Argentine War of Independence.
The Argentine National Anthem was first performed in 1813 at the Florida Street home of Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson, one of the city's most prominent citizens.
Argentine elites began to leave the central and southern wards of the city mainly due to epidemics, especially the 1871 yellow fever outbreak.
Florida Street, whose northern half is in the Retiro ward, became a shopping street in 1872, and would soon welcome pharmacies, furniture retailers, jewelers, and haberdasheries that offered the latest in European fashion.
The Parisian-inspired Bon Marché became the street's first large-scale shopping arcade in 1889, and the Argentine Jockey Club, the nation's most prestigious gentlemen's club and horse racing society, was inaugurated in 1897.
This organization would foment the Revolution of the Park in 1890, and from its ranks the Radical Civic Union (to whom six presidents would later belong during the twentieth century) would be established in 1891.
A tram was installed along Florida Street in the 1890s, and it soon became a leading commercial artery in Buenos Aires.
Vehicular traffic was barred during business hours in 1911 by request of the growing number of shop owners along Florida, and in 1913 the tram was dismantled to pedestrianize a section of the street.
The 1914 inaugural of the Gath & Chaves department store coincided with the inaugural of Harrods Buenos Aires, the only overseas branch of Harrods, and the illuminated spire topped Galería Güemes.
The merger of Gath & Chaves and Harrods in 1922 created two of the most ornate institutions of their kind in the Americas.
Its decline, however, was slowed by both an era of relative prosperity in Argentina, as well as milestones such as the inaugural of the Hotel Claridge in 1946, the Torcuato di Tella Institute's Florida Street center in 1963 (which became a hub of Buenos Aires' avant-garde and pop art scene during the 1960s), and the 1971 conversion of the street into a promenade.
Writer Jorge Luis Borges lived near the northern end, and was fond of taking walks through the semi-deserted street in the pre-dawn hours.
Borges was an outspoken critic of the renovation work done on the street in 1970; he was blind, and the new arrangement of trash cans, planters, flower pots, and magazine stands was a serious accessibility risk for him.
Nor did the street benefit from a consumer boom during the 1990s, as this was largely diverted toward a series of new shopping malls opened in the city's north side.
Galerías Pacífico was renovated and reopened in 1991, though Harrods Buenos Aires, which by then operated only on the ground floor, would close in 1998.
Mayor Fernando de la Rúa had the textured concrete pavers along Florida replaced in 1999 with granite tiles laid in a decorative black-and-white pattern.
Commerce along the street was afflicted in the ensuing years by proliferating street vendors, a result of a legal loophole in the municipal ordinance that otherwise prohibits the practice; Mayor Mauricio Macri succeeded in having these vendors removed in January 2012.
Florida Street continues to command among the highest commercial rents in the city, and has become a favorite attraction among the city's growing number of foreign tourists.
The first block, made somewhat wider than the remainder of the promenade by a city ordinance, is overlooked by the Mappin & Webb House (1911) and the post-modern former headquarters of the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro in Argentina (1989); both became branches of HSBC upon BNL's departure in 2006.
One of the most iconic locations in Buenos Aires is the intersections of Florida Street and Diagonal Norte Avenue, built between 1913 and 1943.
Two of the avenue's most distinguishable buildings are located at this intersection: the Plateresque BankBoston Building (1924), the Art Deco La Equitativa del Plata (1929), and two cupola-topped Bencich Buildings (1927).
Two important shopping arcades are located on the 100 block: Galerías Boston and the landmark Galería Güemes, designed by Francisco Gianotti and opened in 1914; distinguishable by the illuminated beacon atop its spire, it was one of the tallest buildings in Buenos Aires st the time.
The former Gath & Chaves department store (1914) and annex (overlooking Avenida de Mayo) were located here until the retailer's closure in 1974; the buildings today house Banco Meridian, the local branch of Deloitte, as well as Chilean retailer Falabella.
The corner of Perón Street is overlooked by the Plateresque former Banco Popular Argentino (1931), today the headquarters of HSBC Bank Argentina.
The corner of Sarmiento Street is the site of the Bank of the City of Buenos Aires headquarters since 1968, located in a building originally opened in 1908 as the Mexico City Store.
The 300 block includes the oldest existing bookstore of El Ateneo chain (one of two on Florida Street); founded in 1912, the booksellers opened their first Florida Street store in 1936.
One of numerous Plateresque office buildings completed in the area during the 1920s, the building, known today as the Mitre Gallery, is the second store opened on Florida Street by Falabella.
The corner of the intersection with Avenida Corrientes is overlooked by office high-rises, a Stock Center sporting goods megastore, and, for contrast, the former Elortondo Alvear residence (1880); the neo-Gothic mansion was converted into a Burger King in the 1990s.
The Julio Peña residence (1917), today the headquarters of the Argentine Rural Society, is one of the few private residences surviving from the time luxurious homes shared Florida Street with commercial establishments.
Opened the same year, the Richmond Café next door was a favorite coffee house among local upscale patrons; Jorge Luis Borges, Graham Greene, and the Florida group of avant-garde writers were among the many literati who gathered there.
The 400 block ends at the intersection with Lavalle Street, and is overlooked by both curtain walled office mid-rises and French architecture.
Lavalle Street, from the 1930s until the 1990s, rivaled Corrientes Avenue for the number of movie theaters along its downtown stretch; most have since closed, however, and Lavalle, which was pedestrianized in 1978, became largely a shopping street.
The large numbers of pedestrians at the intersection between the two also made the intersection a forum for performances by street artists.
Founded in 1882 by future President Carlos Pellegrini, the institution governed horse racing in Argentina, and built the Palermo and San Isidro racecourses.
An incident on April 15, 1953, in which bombs were detonated at the Plaza de Mayo during one of President Juan Perón's many rallies, resulted in the destruction of the Beaux-Arts landmark by enraged Peronists, who viewed the aristocratic Jockey Club as a center of anti-Peronism.
The lot lay empty until the construction of Galería Jardín (1976), an office and retail complex designed by Mario Roberto Álvarez in a belated International Style.
An Art Deco office building on the northwest corner of Tucumán Street and the neo-classical Cadellada Building highlight the 600 block; a second El Ateneo bookshop, a third Falabella store, and the modern Galería Arax (site of the Buenos Aires Auditorium) are also located there.
The northeast corner is distinguished by the magnificent Naval Center (1914), designed by Jacques Dunant and Gastón Mallet in a Beaux-Arts style.
Following a lengthy legal struggle with the then-owner of the Harrods on Knightsbridge, Mohamed Al-Fayed, the department store closed in 1998, and since functions intermittently as a venue for cultural events, notably the Buenos Aires Tango Festival.
Galería Florida (1964), a curtain-walled high rise designed by Álvarez for Air France, stands on the southwest corner with Paraguay Street, and the Florida Garden Café, opened in 1962 in a belle époque building, is on the southeast.
Located on Florida Street during its heyday between 1963 and 1970, the institute was led at the time by former National Fine Arts Museum director Jorge Romero Brest, who steered the center as the leading Argentine venue for pop art, experimental theatre, and conceptual art, drawing artists such as León Ferrari, Gyula Kosice, Luis Felipe Noé, and Antonio Seguí.
The street continues into the Juvenilia Esplanade, centered around a memorial to writer Esteban Echeverría, and overlooked by a French-inspired apartment building designed by Alejandro Bustillo.
Upscale Santa Fe Avenue merges into Florida Street along the Plaza Hotel, designed by Adolf Zucker for local banker Ernesto Tornquist and inaugurated in 1909.
Florida Street becomes San Martín Street one block south of Avenida del Libertador, and beside the best known of Buenos Aires' Art Deco landmarks, the Kavanagh Building.
Overlooking Plaza San Martín, the 120 m (390 ft) apartment building was designed in 1934 by the firm of Sánchez, Lagos and de la Tour for Corina Kavanagh.
Local lore has it that the wealthy Irish Argentine heiress planned the high-rise as a revenge against the Anchorena family, and made but one demand of the architects: that views of the Anchorenas' Church of the Holy Sacrament from their residence, the San Martín Palace, be blocked.
The Retiro transportation hub, which maintains a terminal for long-distance buses and a railway station for three major lines, is located near the northern end of Florida, across Avenida del Libertador.
A ruthless and greedy financier, his name is still used in France as a byword for corporate or plutocratic figures driven by lust for money.
Cartoon physics or animation physics are terms for a jocular system of laws of physics (and biology) that supersedes the normal laws, used in animation for humorous effect.
They usually involve things behaving in accordance with how they appear to the cartoon characters, or what the characters expect, rather than how they objectively are.
7 p. 12, 1994 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in its journal helped spread the word among the technical crowd, which has expanded and refined the idea.
Warner Brothers Looney Tunes had numerous examples of their own cartoon physics (such as in the Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner cartoons) or even acknowledged they ignore real world physics.
More recently, it has been explicitly described by some cartoon characters, including Roger Rabbit, Bonkers D. Bobcat, and Yakko, Wakko, and Dot, who say that toons are allowed to bend or break natural laws for the purposes of comedy.
In 2012 O'Donnell's Laws of Cartoon Motion were used as the basis for a presentation and exhibition by Andy Holden at Kingston University in Great Britain.
Titled 'Laws of Motion in a Cartoon Landscape' it explored ideas of cartoon physics in relation to art and the end of art history.
For a few years, America will still be able to borrow freely, simply because lenders assume that things will somehow work out...But at a certain point we'll have a Wile E. Coyote moment.
For those not familiar with the Road Runner cartoons, Mr. Coyote had a habit of running off cliffs and taking several steps on thin air before noticing that there was nothing underneath his feet.
Scialfa has been a member of the E Street Band since 1984 and has been married to Bruce Springsteen since 1991.
In 2014, Scialfa was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.
Scialfa was writing songs from an early age and first worked professionally as a back-up singer for New Jersey bar bands after she completed high school.
She has a music degree from New York University, earned after she transferred from the University of Miami's jazz conservatory at the Frost School of Music.
For many years, she struggled to make her way in the songwriting and recording industry in New York and New Jersey before playing at Folk City and Kenny's Castaways in Greenwich Village, as well as Asbury Park's The Stone Pony.
In 1984, Scialfa joined the E Street Band, three or four days before the opening show of the Born in the U.S.A. Tour.
Following the release of her second album, Scialfa played a series of club dates along the East Coast and she was also the opening act of the post-final night of the Vote for Change tour.
When asked during the press conference for the NFL Super Bowl in 2009 whether she was working on a new album, she confirmed that she was.
In the spring of 1988, Springsteen separated from his first wife, Julianne Phillips, and Scialfa and Springsteen started living together shortly afterward.
Scialfa and Springsteen first lived in New Jersey together and later in New York for a short time before moving to Los Angeles where they started a family.
The couple married on June 8, 1991 at their Los Angeles home in a ceremony attended by family and close friends.
Their second child, Jessica Rae Springsteen, was born on December 30, 1991; and a third child, Samuel Ryan Springsteen, was born on January 5, 1994.
Global Underground 004: Paul Oakenfold, Live in Oslo is a double mix CD in the Global Underground series, compiled and mixed by Paul Oakenfold.
The mix was recorded live at Cosmopolite Club in Oslo, Norway, as part of the official launch of the Quart Festival.
It showcases Paul Oakenfold's eclectic taste in music at the time, as the mix combines drum and bass, progressive house & trance, trance, and goa trance.
The CD was released on Boxed Records with the catalogue number GU004CD (GU004CDX for the limited edition transparent PVC case) in 1997.
Reverse perspective, also called inverse perspective, inverted perspective, divergent perspective, or Byzantine perspective, is a form of perspective drawing in which the objects depicted in a scene are placed between the projective point and the viewing plane.
This has the visual effect that objects farther away from the viewing plane are drawn as larger, and closer objects are drawn as smaller, in contrast to the more conventional linear perspective for which closer objects appear larger.
Lines that are parallel in three-dimensional space are drawn as diverging against the horizon, rather than converging as they do in linear perspective.
The name Byzantine perspective comes from the use of this perspective in Byzantine and Russian Orthodox icons; it is also found in the art of many pre-Renaissance cultures, and was sometimes used in Cubism and other movements of modern art, as well as in children's drawings.
The reasons for the convention are still debated among art historians; since the artists concerned in forming the convention did not have access to the more realistic linear perspective convention it is not clear how deliberate the effects achieved were.
The book was written by friend of the band and fellow Scarborough, Ontario native Paul Myers (brother of actor Mike Myers).
Alexander Louis Teixeira de Mattos (April 9, 1865 – December 5, 1921), known as Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, was a Dutch-English journalist, literary critic and publisher, who gained his greatest fame as a translator.
The Teixeira de Mattos Sampaio e Mendes family was of Portuguese Jewish origin, having been driven out of Portugal to the Netherlands by Holy Office persecution.
After his studies, Teixeira came into contact with J. T. Grein, a London impresario of Dutch origin, and was made secretary of Grein's Independent Theatre Society.
In addition to the later works of Maeterlinck, his translations include works by Émile Zola, Alexis de Tocqueville, Maurice Leblanc, Gaston Leroux, François René de Chateaubriand, Paul Kruger, Carl Ewald, Georgette Leblanc, Stijn Streuvels, and Louis Couperus.
During World War I, Teixera was head of the Intelligence Section, as well as a member of the Advisory Board, of the War Trade Intelligence Department.
On 20 October 1900, he married Lily Wilde, née Sophie Lily Lees (1859-1922), the widow of Oscar Wilde's older brother Willie Wilde and thus became the stepfather of Dolly Wilde, then age 5.
Teixeira was known to his acquaintances as a dandy and a fastidious worker, keeping strictly to set hours, and was linked to the Symbolist movement thanks to his friendship and travels with Arthur Symons.
Due to ill health, Teixeira traveled on a rest cure in 1920 at Crowborough and the Isle of Wight, returning to his home in Chelsea, London in spring 1921.
The observation platform was a highly modified Lockheed C-141A Starlifter jet transport aircraft (s/n: 6110, registration: N714NA, callsign: NASA 714) with a range of 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km), capable of conducting research operations at altitudes of up to 48,000 feet (14 km).
Though it began operation in 1974 as a replacement for an earlier aircraft, the Galileo Observatory (itself a converted Convair 990 (N711NA) that was destroyed in a collision with a U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3C Orion patrol aircraft in 1973), the KAO wasn't dedicated until May 21, 1975.
A typical crew consisted of two pilots, a flight engineer, the mission staff, and the flight team, and the aircraft provided a stable platform for missions lasting up to seven and a half hours.
The KAO flew mostly out of Moffett Field, but also flew out of New Zealand, Australia, American Samoa, Panama, Japan, Guam, Brazil, Ecuador, Chile, Houston (Texas), and Hawaii.
During a flight in 1978 that took off from American Samoa, two of the observatory's four engines failed soon after takeoff, and after the aircraft staggered and instrument power was shut down, the flight engineer had to crank down the landing gear manually.
The KAO's telescope was a conventional Cassegrain reflector with a 36-inch (91.5 cm) aperture, designed primarily for observations in the 1 to 500 μm spectral range.
Its flight capability allowed it to rise above almost all of the water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere (allowing observations of infrared radiation, which is blocked before reaching ground-based facilities), as well as travel to almost any point on the Earth's surface for an observation.
The KAO made several major discoveries, including the first sightings of the rings of Uranus in 1977 and a definitive identification of an atmosphere on Pluto in 1988.
The KAO was used to study the origin and distribution of water and organic molecules in regions of star formation, and in the vast spaces between the stars.
Kuiper astronomers also studied the disks surrounding certain stars that may be related to the formation of planetary systems around these stars.
Scientists on board the KAO tracked the formation of heavy elements like iron, nickel, and cobalt from the massive fusion reactions of supernova SN 1987A.
It has been succeeded by a Boeing 747-based airborne observatory equipped with a larger aperture telescope, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA).
Though he had an undistinguished playing career, he went on to become one of the most successful and influential managers in early 20th-century English football, before his sudden death in 1934.
His record was generally unremarkable as a player; he made fewer than 40 League appearances over the course of a decade and did not win any major honours.
Instead, he found success as a manager, first at Northampton Town between 1908 and 1912, whom he led to a Southern League title.
This attracted the attention of larger clubs and he moved to Leeds City, where he started to improve the team's fortunes before the First World War intervened.
He took over at Huddersfield Town, winning an FA Cup and two First Division titles in the period of four years.
In 1925, Arsenal successfully tempted Chapman to join them, and he led the club to its first FA Cup success and two First Division titles.
His work at Arsenal resulted in them becoming the dominant team of the 1930s – they would win five League titles in the decade – but he did not live to see them do so, dying suddenly from pneumonia in 1934, at the age of 55.
Not only credited with turning round the fortunes of both Huddersfield Town and Arsenal, he is regarded as one of the game's first modernisers.
He introduced new tactics and training techniques into the English game, as well as championing innovations such as floodlighting, European club competitions and numbered shirts, and has received many posthumous honours in recognition.
His father, John, was a coal miner, but rather than spend his life working down the pit, the young Herbert was bright enough to win a place at Sheffield Technical College (later to become part of the University of Sheffield), where he studied mining engineering.
Chapman was one of eleven children and born into a keen sporting family, with two of his brothers also playing professional football.
The most successful of these was his younger brother, Harry, who played for The Wednesday during the 1900s, winning two League Championships and an FA Cup.
Chapman's playing career was that of a typical journeyman, owing mostly to the fact he often played as an amateur; this meant that whether he could play for a particular club was dictated by whether he could find an appropriate job nearby.
He first played as a youth for his local side, Kiveton Park Colliery, winning the Hatchard Cup in 1896 alongside team-mates Walter Wigmore and William Ross.
Chapman played at inside right, and although he lacked the skill of his brother Harry, he compensated for it with his strength and robustness.
Though now playing in the professional Football League, Chapman was still an amateur at this stage and obtained a job with a firm of local solicitors to earn his way.
Grimsby started the season poorly – they were near the bottom of the division by Christmas and were beaten 7–0 by Preston North End in the FA Cup, but rallied to finish tenth at the end of the 1898–99 season.
By this time Chapman had been dropped from the team, having been unsuccessfully moved to centre forward, an unfamiliar position for him.
He was released by Grimsby and drifted down into non-league football with a brief spell at Swindon Town, playing three games and scoring twice, but had to leave the club as he was unable to find a job in the area.
Chapman finished as United's top scorer but was injured at the end of this season, and still unable to find a job.
Disheartened, he returned to his home town and turned out for Worksop Town of the Midland League in 1900–01, while resuming his studies, this time at Old Firth College in Sheffield.
Because of his studies, he mainly played for Worksop's reserves, but in a first-team match against Northampton Town he caught the opposition's eye and they offered him a contract, leading him to turn professional for the first time in 1901.
He played for Northampton for the whole 1901–02 season, finishing as top scorer with 14 goals in 22 games for the club.
During that season he had impressed in an FA Cup match against Sheffield United, leading them to offer Chapman a contract at the end of the season; Chapman accepted but dropped down to amateur status, wishing to make use of his engineering qualifications in the local area.
He played 22 matches and scored twice for United, but struggled to keep his place in a team full of internationals, and was sold to Notts County for £300 at the end of 1902–03.
In 1904, Chapman moved back to his old club Northampton Town, playing a season effectively on loan from Notts County (as they kept his registration), before being transferred permanently in 1905 to Tottenham Hotspur for £70.
In 1907, as he was about to leave Tottenham Hotspur, Chapman had recommended Spurs team-mate Walter Bull to his old club Northampton Town, as their new manager.
Northampton had finished bottom of the Southern League two seasons running immediately before Chapman's appointment, but Chapman turned the club around within a short period of time.
He thus set about creating a tactical framework for all his players; he dropped the half backs (midfield) back to give his forwards more space and draw the opposition defenders out of the penalty area, while encouraging his own back line to pass their way out of trouble.
The club's first ever transfer fee, £400, was paid for Welsh international Lloyd Davies who remains Northampton's most-capped player, winger Fred McDiarmid and playmaking centre half David McCartney.
With this new talent, in his first season in charge, Chapman led Northampton to eighth place; with additional new signings, such as inside forward Albert Lewis from Coventry City, he used this as a springboard to take the Southern League title in 1908–09, with Lewis finishing as top scorer.
By now, Chapman had retired as a player in first-class football, having played his last match against Watford in January 1909, but filled the gap he left, as well as showing his eye for spotting talent, by signing players such as future England international Fanny Walden.
As Southern League champions, Northampton contested and lost the 1909 FA Charity Shield, 2–0 to Newcastle United, and although they did not win the Southern League title again during Chapman's time as manager, they finished in the top four in each of the following three seasons.
Additionally, they proved their mettle in the FA Cup against First Division sides, knocking out The Wednesday and taking Nottingham Forest and Newcastle United to replays, losing 1–0 both times.
Chapman was keen to get Northampton Town into the Football League, but with no automatic promotion or relegation rules at the time this proved very difficult.
Chapman proposed a new two-division Football Alliance underneath the two divisions of the Football League, with automatic promotion and relegation (a similar system to the four-division League setup introduced in 1921), but this was rejected at the time (and would not come about until 1920).
In the 1912 close season, he was offered the chance to manage Second Division Leeds City, and with Northampton's blessing moved north again to join the League side.
That done, Chapman signed new talent such as Jimmy Speirs from Bradford City and despite some erratic performances – losing 6–0 in between two 5–1 wins, for example – City finished sixth in 1912–13, Chapman's first season.
Attendances rose at Elland Road from 8,500 to 13,000 in his first year, as Chapman's attacking side scored 70 goals, the second-highest total in the entire division.
With a strengthening of the defence, City's form improved further the next season, in 1913–14, coming fourth, two points outside the promotion places.
Despite having failed on his promise to get the team promoted within two years, City's rising attendances and resulting better profits for the club kept the directors happy, and the club were confident of promotion in 1914–15.
Chapman by now had amassed a very large squad and was unable to pick a consistent side, continually changing his first-choice lineup.
With many players away fighting or having left the game due to a drop in wages, Leeds relied heavily on guest players during these matches.
Chapman, meanwhile, had decided to help the war effort by taking up a position as manager of a munitions factory at Barnbow, near Cross Gates in 1916.
For the next two years, City's assistant manager, George Cripps stood in for Chapman on the administrative side, while chairman Joe Connor and another director took charge of the team.
Chapman returned to Leeds City from Barnbow after hostilities had ended, but resigned suddenly in December 1918, eventually moving to Selby to take up a position as a superintendent at an oil and coke works.
No reason was given for his resignation, but as football resumed in 1919–20, Leeds City were accused by a former player of financial irregularities, involving illegal payments to guest players during wartime matches.
No documentary evidence was produced, but Leeds' refusal to allow the authorities access to their financial records was deemed a sign of guilt, and they were expelled from the Football League in October 1919 and five club officials, including Chapman, were banned from football for life.
The club was dissolved, with the players auctioned off and their Elland Road ground taken over by the newly formed Leeds United.
Chapman was still working at the coke works in Selby when his ban was imposed, but by Christmas 1920 the company was sold up and he was laid off.
Soon after, however, he was approached by Huddersfield Town to become assistant to Ambrose Langley, who had been a former team-mate of Herbert Chapman's brother Harry at The Wednesday.
Huddersfield Town backed Chapman in an appeal against his ban, arguing that as he had been working at the factory in Barnbow during the war, he had not been in charge of Leeds City during the time illegal payments were paid.
Chapman was promoted to full secretary-manager, replacing Langley, the following month, and soon made an impact, signing players such as England international Clem Stephenson from Aston Villa (who became captain under Chapman) and 18-year-old unknown George Brown (who went on to become Huddersfield's all-time top scorer).
In Chapman's first full season in charge (1921–22), Huddersfield Town won the FA Cup, beating Preston North End 1–0 in the final at Stamford Bridge, the club's first major trophy.
In the league, however, his side had spent most of the season fighting relegation and had finished 14th, so Chapman looked to strengthen his squad.
As at Northampton, Chapman's tactics were based upon the principles of a strong defence and a fast, counter-attacking response, with the focus on quick, short passing and mazy runs from his wingers, who would pass low inside the defence instead of crossing from the byline.
He had been granted control of all footballing affairs at the club and made this responsibility work to his advantage, encouraging the club's reserve and third teams to play the same style of football so that their players would function effectively in the first team if selected.
Bolstered by the money from the cup run, Chapman was able to make further signings such as goalkeeper Ted Taylor and forward Charlie Wilson (later to be joined by George Cook).
This success was by the narrowest of margins – equal on points with Cardiff City, Huddersfield won by a difference of 0.024 (1.818 to 1.794) in goal average.
The final goal by Brown in a 3–0 win over Nottingham Forest on the final day of the season proved crucial, although ultimately it was Huddersfield's superior defensive record which had given them the advantage.
Following the title win, Chapman kept faith with his squad, making only one new signing – outside right Joey Williams – as they successfully defended their League title in 1924–25.
Huddersfield started brightly but a poor run of form in October and November (in part caused by an injury to goalkeeper Ted Taylor) saw them drop to ninth at one point.
Taylor was replaced by new signing Billy Mercer and a resurgence in form saw Huddersfield climb the table, regaining top spot with a 5–0 win over Arsenal in February, and eventually finishing two points clear of runners-up West Bromwich Albion.
As a testament to Chapman's philosophy of relying on a strong defence, it was the first time a title-winning side had gone through a season without conceding more than two goals in any match.
In the 1925 close season, Chapman had already set about improving his squad for Huddersfield to seek a third successive title (something which had never been achieved before).
Although Arsenal had been fighting relegation in both the two previous seasons, and despite the chairman's restriction on spending, Chapman nevertheless moved to Arsenal soon afterwards, attracted both by the London club's larger crowds and a salary of £2,000, double what he earned at Huddersfield Town.
At Arsenal, Chapman immediately made an impact by signing 34-year-old Charlie Buchan, an England international and Sunderland's all-time record goalscorer, whom he made Arsenal captain.
Chapman and Buchan's arrival at the club coincided with a change in the laws of the game in June 1925, that modified the offside law.
The change had reduced the number of opposition players that an attacker needed between himself and the goal-line from three to two (including the goalkeeper).
This meant the offside trap was now the responsibility of the single centre half, while the full backs were pushed wider to cover the wings.
Arsenal were by no means the only team to have come up with the idea of dropping the centre half into defence – Newcastle United beat Arsenal 7–0 that season employing such a system with Charlie Spencer at centre-half; Queen's Park and Tottenham Hotspur had also adopted similar systems.
Chapman, however, was able to refine and improve on the idea better than his rivals, melding the tactical change with his own ideas on counter-attacking football, pacy wingers and a strong defence.
Arsenal went on to finish second in 1925–26, five points behind Chapman's old side Huddersfield Town, as they became the first club in England to win three titles in succession.
It proved to be an early dawn for Arsenal, who spent most of the rest of the 1920s in mid-table, as Chapman took his time finding the right players to fit his new system, outlining a five-year plan for success.
He retained relatively few players of his predecessor Knighton's era – Bob John, Alf Baker and Jimmy Brain being the exceptions – and instead looked to bring in talent from elsewhere.
In February 1926, he signed the pacy winger Joe Hulme, followed that summer by forward Jack Lambert and full-back Tom Parker, who would later succeed Buchan as captain.
Although Arsenal's league form was indifferent, in 1927 they reached the FA Cup Final, their first, but lost 1–0 to Cardiff City after an error by goalkeeper Dan Lewis.
The same year, Arsenal became embroiled in a scandal; footballers' pay at the time was limited by a maximum wage, but an FA enquiry found that Charlie Buchan had secretly received illegal payments from Arsenal as an incentive to sign for the club.
Sir Henry Norris was indicted for his part and banned from football, but Chapman escaped punishment, and with the autocratic Norris replaced by the more benign Samuel Hill-Wood, Chapman's power and influence within the club increased, allowing him control over all aspects of the club's business.
He persevered in building the team, strengthening his attacking lineup with the signings of David Jack in 1928, and Alex James and Cliff Bastin in 1929.
As at his previous clubs, Chapman worked on improving the defence, notably through the signings of Herbie Roberts and Eddie Hapgood at centre half and left back respectively.
He had set up a meeting with Celtic manager Willie Maley and young McGrory in summer 1928 when Maley and McGrory were on their way to a pilgrimage in Lourdes.
A huge sum was offered (a blank cheque, some say) for the prolific McGrory, and Maley was more than ready to accept, for Celtic needed money to pay for their new stand.
Chapman had laid out a five-year plan for success in 1925, and it came to fruition exactly on schedule, as his Arsenal won their first major trophy in the 1930 FA Cup Final, beating his old side, Huddersfield Town, 2–0.
Despite having only finished 14th in the League the same season, the win spurred Arsenal on and laid the foundations for a decade in which Arsenal would become the dominant team in England and eventually win five league titles.
He employed a robust front line of Lambert supported by David Jack and Alex James as deep-lying inside forwards, filling the gap vacated by the movement of the centre half into defence; Alex James in particular, with his passing supplying the front men, became celebrated as the engine of the team during the coming decade.
Chapman employed Bastin and Hulme as pacy wingers who could cut inside instead of hugging the touchline; they could either shoot for goal themselves or pick each other out if the centre forward was marked out of the game.
Chapman's tactics of fast-moving play meant the wing half line of John and Jones were now pushed in to cover central midfield, pivoting around the halfway line so that they could drop back to defend when necessary.
Arsenal's defence were told to play deep and, with the support of the wing halves, fall back into their own penalty area when the opposition had the ball; this allowed the opposition plenty of possession in Arsenal's half, until they reached the 18-yard line and faced a massed defence.
Once Arsenal regained the ball – usually through the centre half Herbie Roberts – the ball would be quickly passed forward and the wing halves would push up to support the attackers, meaning Arsenal could quickly commit as many as seven men forward as a unit to rapidly attack and try to score.
He balanced the need for players suited to each task – in which his skill in spotting the right players and his extensive scouting network proved vital – with adapting his system to account for their abilities.
Nevertheless, despite the stereotype, in Arsenal's first title-winning season of 1930–31, they scored 127 goals in the League, which still stands as a club record to this day.
On the day, five of the Arsenal first team were out with injury or flu and had their places taken by reserves.
Chapman was enraged by the result, and showed his ruthlessness by selling one player, Tommy Black, who had conceded a penalty in the game, to Plymouth Argyle within a week of the result; another, striker Charlie Walsh, was sold to Brentford a week later.
Despite the FA Cup setback, Arsenal bounced back in the League, and with the same scoring form as in 1930–31, finished the season having scored 118 League goals in total, including a 5–0 win over rivals Aston Villa in that season's title-deciding match.
He did not have any input into the selection process, the team being determined by the FA's International Selection Committee, but did advise on tactics and gave pre-match team talks.
Chapman was in charge for a friendly against Italy in Rome on 13 May 1933, which finished 1–1, and England's 4–0 win over Switzerland a week later.
Chapman started the process, signing Ray Bowden, Pat Beasley and Jimmy Dunne, and had converted the young George Male from left half to right back., Chapman would not live to see the end of the season, let alone complete the task of rebuilding his side.
Arsenal went into 1933–34 looking to retain the title, and started consistently; they worked their way to the top of the league and were a comfortable four points clear after a goalless draw with Birmingham City on 30 December 1933.
Chapman celebrated New Year in London before travelling north on a scouting trip to see Bury play Notts County on 1 January 1934.
The following day, he travelled to his native Yorkshire to watch Sheffield Wednesday, Arsenal's next opponents, before spending a final night in his home town of Kiveton Park.
He returned to London nursing a cold but was well enough to watch an Arsenal third team match against Guildford City.
Chapman left behind a widow, Annie, two sons, Ken (born 1908) and Bruce (born 1911), and two daughters, Molly (born 1915) and Joyce (born 1919).
Chapman was one of the first football managers in the modern sense of the word, taking full charge of the team, rather than letting board members pick the side.
As well as his tactical innovations, he was also a strong believer in physical fitness in football – he instituted a strict training regime and the use of physiotherapists and masseurs.
He encouraged his players to openly discuss tactics and the game, instituting weekly team meetings at his clubs, and encouraged them to socialise in extra-curricular activities such as golf.
FC Nürnberg, and at Arsenal he had instituted an ongoing series of home-and-away friendlies against the likes of Racing Club de Paris.
Chapman had proposed a Europe-wide club competition more than twenty years before the European Cup was instituted, and regularly took his teams abroad to play foreign sides.
He was one of the first managers to consider signing black and foreign players; as well as signing Walter Tull, one of the first black professionals in the game, for Northampton Town in 1911, he attempted to recruit Austrian international goalkeeper Rudy Hiden for Arsenal in 1930, but was blocked by the Ministry of Labour, after protests from the Players' Union and the Football League.
He did however succeed in signing Gerard Keyser, the first Dutchman to play English league football, as an amateur the same year, and Hiden was signed by Jimmy Hogan for Racing Club de Paris.
After attending a night-time match in Belgium in 1930 with his friend Hugo Meisl, Chapman became an early advocate of floodlights.
He had lights installed in Highbury's new West Stand when it was constructed in 1932; however, they were only used for training, and Arsenal would have to wait until the 1950s for their officially sanctioned use in matches.
Chapman also advocated the use of white footballs and numbered shirts, as well as adding hoops to Arsenal's socks to make it easier for players to pick each other out.
He later made a further change to Arsenal's kit, adding white sleeves to the previously all-red shirt and brightening the colour, before a match against Liverpool on 4 March 1933; the same kit theme of red with white sleeves or trim survives to this day.
The tradition of both teams walking out together at the FA Cup Final was started in 1930 due to Herbert Chapman's involvement with both clubs, and has continued since.
Although he did not win any major honours as a player, as a manager Chapman won a Southern League title in 1908–09 with Northampton Town, four Football League titles (1923–24 and 1924–25 with Huddersfield Town, 1930–31 and 1932–33 with Arsenal) and two FA Cups (1922–23 with Huddersfield Town, 1929–30 with Arsenal).
After his death the team he had built at Arsenal, under his successors Joe Shaw and George Allison, went on to win the 1933–34 and 1934–35 titles, emulating his Huddersfield Town team by completing a hat-trick.
An English Heritage blue plaque commemorating Chapman was unveiled in March 2005, at the house in Hendon where Chapman lived from 1926 until his death.
In tribute to his achievements at Arsenal, a bronze bust of Chapman, sculpted by Jacob Epstein resided inside the marble halls of the East Stand of Arsenal Stadium, Highbury until its closure in 2006 and will be reinstated there once redevelopment work in the stadium is completed.
A replica sits in the Directors' Entrance at Emirates Stadium; he is one of only two Arsenal managers to be honoured this way, the other being Arsène Wenger.
Additionally, as part of their centennial, Huddersfield also contested the inaugural Herbert Chapman Trophy against Arsenal at the Galpharm Stadium on 6 August 2008, which Arsenal won 2–1.
Karl Spencer Lashley (June 7, 1890 – August 7, 1958) was a psychologist and behaviorist remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory.
His favorite thing to do as a child was to wander through the woods and collect animals, like butterflies and mice.
He took a course in zoology, however, and switched his major to zoology due to his interactions with the professor John Black Johnston.
After obtaining his Bachelor of Arts at West Virginia University, he was awarded a teaching fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh, where he taught biology along with biological laboratories.
Once Lashley completed his master's degree, he studied at Johns Hopkins University, where he received his PhD in genetics in June 1911.
At Hopkins Lashley minored in psychology under John B. Watson, whom he continued to work closely with him after receiving his PhD.
Watson helped Lashley to focus on specific problems in learning and experimental investigation, followed by locating the area of the cerebrum involved in learning and discrimination.
Lashley worked at the University of Minnesota for a time and then at the Institute for Juvenile Research in Chicago before becoming a professor at the University of Chicago.
After this he went to Harvard, but was dissatisfied and from there became the director of the Yerkes Laboratory of Primate Biology in Orange Park, Florida.
He researched this by looking at the measurement of behavior before and after specific, carefully quantified, induced brain damage in rats.
He trained rats to perform specific tasks (seeking a food reward), then lesioned specific areas of the rats' cortex, either before or after the animals received the training.
The cortical lesions had specific effects on acquisition and retention of knowledge, but the location of the removed cortex had no effect on the rats' performance in the maze.
Today we know that distribution of engrams does in fact exist, but that the distribution is not equal across all cortical areas, as Lashley assumed.
His study of V1 (primary visual cortex) led him to believe that it was a site of learning and memory storage (i.e.
If cortical tissue is destroyed following the learning of a complex task, deterioration of performance on the task is determined more by the amount of tissue destroyed than by its location.
He was on the road to a full recovery until his trip to France with his wife Clair, where he once again unexpectedly collapsed, but this time to his death on August 7, 1958.
In 1938, he was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society, the oldest learned society in the United States, dating to 1743.
Since 1957, the Society has awarded the annual Karl Spencer Lashley Award in recognition of work on the integrative neuroscience of behavior.
Lashley was awarded honorary Doctor of Science degrees from the University of Pittsburgh (1936), the University of Chicago (1941), Western Reserve University (1951), the University of Pennsylvania; in 1953, Johns Hopkins University presented him with an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.
Lashley had a reputation as an objective scientist, but Nadine Weidman has tried to expose him as a racist and a genetic determinist.
But Donald Dewsbury and others, have disputed the claim that he was a genetic determinist, citing research of Lashley's in which he found evidence of both genetic and environmental influences on organisms.
Szczecin Lagoon, Stettin Lagoon, Bay of Szczecin, or Stettin Bay (, ), also Oder lagoon (), is a lagoon in the Oder estuary, shared by Germany and Poland.
From the South, the lagoon is fed by several arms of the Oder river and smaller rivers like Ziese, Peene, Zarow, Uecker, and Ina.
In the North, the lagoon is connected to the Baltic Sea's Bay of Pomerania with the three straits Peenestrom, Świna and Dziwna, which divide the mainland and the islands of Usedom and Wolin.
The lagoon covers an area of 687 km², its natural depth is an average 3.8 metres, and 8.5 metres at maximum.
94% of the water loads discharged into the lagoon are from the Oder river and its confluences, amounting to an average annual 17 km or 540 m per second.
Since no reliable data for an inflow from the Baltic Sea exist, the combined inflow is an estimated 18 km from a catchment area of 129,000 km, residing in the lagoon for an average 55 days before being discharged into the Pomeranian Bay.
The average salinity is between 0.5 and 2 psu, yet at times more salt water penetrates through the Świna locally raising the salinity to 6 psu.
The canal, approximately 12 km long and 10 metres deep, was dug by the German Empire between 1874 and 1880, during the reign of the first Kaiser Wilhelm (1797–1888) after whom it was named.
After 1945, the areas east of Oder Neisse line became part of Poland, including the former German seaport cities of Stettin (Szczecin) and Swinemünde (Świnoujście) on the western bank of the river Oder.
The lagoon has served as an important fishing grounds for centuries, as a major transportation pathway since the 18th century, and as a tourist destination since the 20th century.
Tourists can discover winegrowing, the narrow-gauge railway, museums, castles, many hiking and cycling routes and a small village reviving the life of the former Slavic settlements.
The southern shore of the lagoon belongs to the Am Stettiner Haff Nature Park, its northern shore and the island of Usedom to the Usedom Island Nature Park.
To the west is the Anklamer Stadtbruch Nature Reserve and, within it, the Anklamer Torfmoor, a protected wetland which is renaturalising after being used for peat extraction.
His father was Æthelfrith, a Bernician king who had also ruled Deira to the south before being killed in battle around 616 against Raedwald of East Anglia, who had given refuge to Edwin, an exiled prince of Deira.
Edwin became king of Northumbria upon Æthelfrith's death, and Eanfrith, who was, according to Bede, the eldest of Æthelfrith's sons, went into exile to the north.
Edwin was killed by the army of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in October 633, and Eanfrith, taking the opportunity to return home, became king of Bernicia.
The year in which he and Osric ruled was subsequently deemed so abhorrent because of their paganism that it was decided to add that year to the length of the reign of the Christian Oswald of Bernicia (Eanfrith's brother), who defeated Cadwallon and came to rule both Bernicia and Deira, so as to ignore the brief reigns of Eanfrith and Osric.
A variable-rate mortgage, adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), or tracker mortgage is a mortgage loan with the interest rate on the note periodically adjusted based on an index which reflects the cost to the lender of borrowing on the credit markets.
There may be a direct and legally defined link to the underlying index, but where the lender offers no specific link to the underlying market or index the rate can be changed at the lender's discretion.
Among the most common indices are the rates on 1-year constant-maturity Treasury (CMT) securities, the cost of funds index (COFI), and the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR).
This is done to ensure a steady margin for the lender, whose own cost of funding will usually be related to the index.
Consequently, payments made by the borrower may change over time with the changing interest rate (alternatively, the term of the loan may change).
Other forms of mortgage loan include the interest-only mortgage, the fixed-rate mortgage, the negative amortization mortgage, and the balloon payment mortgage.
The index may be applied in one of three ways: directly, on a rate plus margin basis, or based on index movement.
To apply an index on a rate plus margin basis means that the interest rate will equal the underlying index plus a margin.
For example, a mortgage interest rate may be specified in the note as being LIBOR plus 2%, 2% being the margin and LIBOR being the index.
In this scheme, the mortgage is originated at an agreed upon rate, then adjusted based on the movement of the index.
As a help to the buyer, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board have prepared a mortgage checklist.
Any mortgage where payments made by the borrower may increase over time brings with it the risk of financial hardship to the borrower.
Caps on the periodic change in interest rate may be broken up into one limit on the first periodic change and a separate limit on subsequent periodic change, for example 5% on the initial adjustment and 2% on subsequent adjustments.
Although uncommon, a cap may limit the maximum monthly payment in absolute terms (for example, $1000 a month), rather than in relative terms.
ARMs generally permit borrowers to lower their initial payments if they are willing to assume the risk of interest rate changes.
There is evidence that consumers tend to prefer contracts with the lowest initial rates such as in the UK, where consumers tend to focus on immediate monthly mortgage costs.
Decisions of consumers may also be affected by the advice that they get, and much of the advice is provided by lenders who may prefer ARMs because of financial market structures.
If a bank offered large volumes of mortgages at fixed rates but derived most of its funding from deposits (or other short-term sources of funds), it would have an asset–liability mismatch because of interest rate risk.
It would then be running the risk that the interest income from its mortgage portfolio would be less than it needed to pay its depositors.
In the United States, some argue that the savings and loan crisis was in part caused by the problem: the savings and loans companies had short-term deposits and long-term, fixed-rate mortgages and so were caught when Paul Volcker raised interest rates in the early 1980s.
Banking regulators pay close attention to asset-liability mismatches to avoid such problems, and they place tight restrictions on the amount of long-term fixed-rate mortgages that banks may hold in relation to their other assets.
Hybrid ARMs are referred to by their initial fixed-rate and adjustable-rate periods, for example, 3/1, is for an ARM with a 3-year fixed interest-rate period and subsequent 1-year interest-rate adjustment periods.
The date that a hybrid ARM shifts from a fixed-rate payment schedule to an adjusting payment schedule is known as the reset date.
In 1998, the percentage of hybrids relative to 30-year fixed-rate mortgages was less than 2%; within six years, this increased to 27.5%.
Like other ARMs, hybrid ARMs transfer some interest-rate risk from the lender to the borrower, thus allowing the lender to offer a lower note rate in many interest-rate environments.
For example, if the borrower makes a minimum payment of $1,000 and the ARM has accrued monthly interest of $1,500, $500 will be added to the borrower's loan balance.
Option ARMs are often offered with a very low teaser rate (often as low as 1%) which translates into very low minimum payments for the first year of the ARM.
Specifically, they need to consider the possibilities that (1) long-term interest rates go up; (2) their home may not appreciate or may even lose value or even (3) that both risks may materialize.
Option ARMs are best suited to sophisticated borrowers with growing incomes, particularly if their incomes fluctuate seasonally and they need the payment flexibility that such an ARM may provide.
The minimum payment on an Option ARM can jump dramatically if its unpaid principal balance hits the maximum limit on negative amortization (typically 110% to 125% of the original loan amount).
If that happens, the next minimum monthly payment will be at a level that would fully amortize the ARM over its remaining term.
Any loan that is allowed to generate negative amortization means that the borrower is reducing his equity in his home, which increases the chance that he won't be able to sell it for enough to repay the loan.
These payment options usually include the option to pay at the 30-year level, 15-year level, interest only level, and a minimum payment level.
In fact, fixed rate cash flow option loans retain the same cash flow options as cash flow ARMs and option ARMs, but remain fixed for up to 30 years.
Loan caps provide payment protection against payment shock, and allow a measure of interest rate certainty to those who gamble with initial fixed rates on ARM loans.
There are three types of Caps on a typical First Lien Adjustable Rate Mortgage or First Lien Hybrid Adjustable Rate Mortgage.
Initial Adjustment Rate Cap: The majority of loans have a higher cap for initial adjustments that's indexed to the initial fixed period.
Typically, this cap is 2–3% above the Start Rate on a loan with an initial fixed rate term of three years or lower and 5–6% above the Start Rate on a loan with an initial fixed rate term of five years or greater.
Similar to the initial cap, this cap is usually 1% above the Start Rate for loans with an initial fixed term of three years or greater and usually 2% above the Start Rate for loans that have an initial fixed term of five years or greater.
Lifetime Cap: Most First Mortgage loans have a 5% or 6% Life Cap above the Start Rate (this ultimately varies by the lender and credit grade).
For example, a 5/1 Hybrid ARM may have a cap structure of 5/2/5 (5% initial cap, 2% adjustment cap and 5% lifetime cap) and insiders would call this a 5-2-5 cap.
Alternatively, a 1-year ARM might have a 1/1/6 cap (1% initial cap, 1% adjustment cap and 6% lifetime cap) known as a 1-1-6, or alternatively expressed as a 1/6 cap (leaving out one digit signifies that the initial and adjustment caps are identical).
Higher risk products, such as First Lien Monthly Adjustable loans with Negative amortization and Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) have different ways of structuring the Cap than a typical First Lien Mortgage.
The fully indexed rate is always listed on the statement, but borrowers are shielded from the full effect of rate increases by the minimum payment, until the loan is recast, which is when principal and interest payments are due that will fully amortize the loan at the fully indexed rate.
Since HELOCs are intended by banks to primarily sit in second lien position, they normally are only capped by the maximum interest rate allowed by law in the state wherein they are issued.
They are risky to the borrower in the sense that they are mostly indexed to the Wall Street Journal prime rate, which is considered a Spot Index, or a financial indicator that is subject to immediate change (as are the loans based upon the Prime Rate).
The risk to borrower being that a financial situation causing the Federal Reserve to raise rates dramatically (see 1980, 2006) would effect an immediate rise in obligation to the borrower, up to the capped rate.
Variable rate mortgages are the most common form of loan for house purchase in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Canada but are unpopular in some other countries such as Germany.
In some countries, true fixed-rate mortgages are not available except for shorter-term loans; in Canada, the longest term for which a mortgage rate can be fixed is typically no more than ten years, while mortgage maturities are commonly 25 years.
In many countries, it is not feasible for banks to lend at fixed rates for very long terms; in these cases, the only feasible type of mortgage for banks to offer may be adjustable rate mortgages (barring some form of government intervention).
Since funds raised by UK building societies must be at least 50% deposits, lenders prefer variable-rate mortgages to fixed-rate mortgages to reduce potential interest rate risks between what they charging in mortgage interest and what they are paying in interest for deposits and other funding sources.
Countries where fixed rate loans are the common form of loan for a house purchase usually need to have a specific legal framework in place to make this possible.
They are legally separate from banks and require borrowers to save up a considerable amount, at a rather low fixed interest rate, before they get their loan; this is done by requiring the future borrower to begin paying in his fixed monthly payments well before actually getting the loan.
It is generally not possible to pay this in as a lump sum and get the loan right away; it has to be done in monthly installments of the same size as what will be paid during the payback phase of the mortgage.
Depending on whether there are enough savers in the system at any given time, payout of a loan may be delayed for some time even when the savings quota has already been met by the would-be borrower.
The advantage for the borrower is that the monthly payment is guaranteed never to be increased, and the lifetime of the loan is also fixed in advance.
The disadvantage is that this model, in which you have to start making payments several years before actually getting the loan, is mostly aimed at once-in-a-lifetime home buyers who are able to plan ahead for a long time.
For those who plan to move within a relatively short period of time (three to seven years), variable rate mortgages may still be attractive because they often include a lower, fixed rate of interest for the first three, five, or seven years of the loan, after which the interest rate fluctuates.
Unlike fixed-rate mortgage in the country, a floating rate mortgage has its interest rate varying during the entire duration of the loan.
The loan can be pegged to SIBOR or SOR of any duration, and a spread (margin) is tacked to the X-month SIBOR/SOR.
Due to the inherent interest rate risk, long-term fixed rates will tend to be higher than short-term rates (which are the basis for variable-rate loans and mortgages).
The difference in interest rates between short and long-term loans is known as the yield curve, which generally slopes upward (longer terms are more expensive).
The fact that an adjustable rate mortgage has a lower starting interest rate does not indicate what the future cost of borrowing will be (when rates change).
The actual pricing and rate analysis of adjustable rate mortgage in the finance industry is done through various computer simulation methodologies like Monte Carlo method or Sobol sequences.
In these techniques, by using an assumed probability distribution of future interest rates, numerous (10,000–100,000 or even 1,000,000) possible interest rate scenarios are explored, mortgage cash flows calculated under each, and aggregate parameters like fair value and effective interest rate over the life of the mortgage are estimated.
Having these at hand, lending analysts determine whether offering a particular mortgage would be profitable, and if it would represent tolerable risk to the bank.
Early payments of part of the principal will reduce the total cost of the loan (total interest paid), but will not shorten the amount of time needed to pay off the loan like other loan types.
Upon each recasting, the new fully indexed interest rate is applied to the remaining principal to end within the remaining term schedule.
If a mortgage is refinanced, the borrower simultaneously takes out a new mortgage and pays off the old mortgage; the latter counts as a prepayment.
In September 1991, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a study of Adjustable Rate Mortgages in the United States which found between 20% and 25% of the ARM loans out of the estimated 12 million at the time contained Interest Rate Errors.
Such errors occurred when the related mortgage servicer selected the incorrect index date, used an incorrect margin, or ignored interest rate change caps.
In July 1994, Consumer Loan Advocates, a non-profit mortgage auditing firm announced that as many as 18% of Adjustable Rate Mortgages have errors costing the borrower more than $5,000 in interest overcharges.
In December 1995, a government study concluded that 50–60% of all Adjustable Rate Mortgages in the United States contain an error regarding the variable interest rate charged to the homeowner.
George Avgerakis, a Brooklyn, NY real estate investor and filmmaker, may have created the first privately issued adjustable-rate mortgage in the United States when closing 38 Greene Avenue, Brooklyn, NY on 30 April 1980.
In 2006, before the subprime mortgage crisis, over 90% of the subprime mortgages (which accounted for 20% of all mortgages) were adjustable-rate mortgages.
It was originally used by Scots to refer to the English, or by the people of Northern England to refer to the people of Southern England.
The Dziwna () is a channel of the Oder River in northwestern Poland, one of three straits connecting the Oder Lagoon with the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.
About 32 kilometers in length, the Dziwna forms on the eastern end of the Szczecin Lagoon near the town of Zagórze, Kamień County.
As a result, payment amounts and the duration of the loan are fixed and the person who is responsible for paying back the loan benefits from a consistent, single payment and the ability to plan a budget based on this fixed cost.
Other forms of mortgage loans include interest only mortgage, graduated payment mortgage, variable rate mortgage (including adjustable-rate mortgages and tracker mortgages), negative amortization mortgage, and balloon payment mortgage.
The fixed monthly payment for a fixed-rate mortgage is the amount paid by the borrower every month that ensures that the loan is paid off in full with interest at the end of its term.
The United States Federal Housing Administration (FHA) helped develop and standardize the fixed rate mortgage as an alternative to the balloon payment mortgage by insuring them and by doing so helped the mortgage design garner usage.
The fixed-rate mortgage was the first mortgage loan that was fully amortized (fully paid at the end of the loan) precluding successive loans, and had fixed interest rates and payments.
The most common terms are 15-year and 30-year mortgages, but shorter terms are available, and 40-year and 50-year mortgages are now available (common in areas with high priced housing, where even a 30-year term leaves the mortgage amount out of reach of the average family).
Outside the United States, fixed-rate mortgages are less popular, and in some countries, true fixed-rate mortgages are not available except for shorter-term loans.
For example, in Canada the longest term for which a mortgage rate can be fixed is typically no more than ten years, while mortgage maturities are commonly 25 years.
A fixed rate mortgage in Singapore has the interest rate fixed for only the first three to five years of the loan, and it then becomes variable.
Furthermore, they are often combined with properties of flexible mortgages to create what is known as an Australian mortgage, which often allow borrowers to overpay to reduce interest charges and then draw on these overpayments in the future.
The mortgage industry of the United Kingdom has traditionally been dominated by building societies, whose raised funds must be at least 50% deposits, so lenders prefer variable-rate mortgages to fixed-rate mortgages to reduce asset–liability mismatch due to interest rate risk.
The relationship between interest rates for short and long-term loans is represented by the yield curve, which generally slopes upward (longer terms are more expensive).
The fact that a fixed-rate mortgage has a higher starting interest rate does not indicate that it is a worse type of borrowing than an adjustable-rate mortgage.
Some studies have shown that the majority of borrowers with adjustable rate mortgages save money in the long term but also that some borrowers pay more.
In each case, a choice would need to be made based upon the loan term, the current interest rate, and the likelihood that the rate will increase or decrease during the life of the loan.
The fixed monthly payment for a fixed rate mortgage is the amount paid by the borrower every month that ensures that the loan is paid off in full with interest at the end of its term.
For example, for a home loan for $200,000 with a fixed yearly nominal interest rate of 6.5% for 30 years, the principal is formula_7, the monthly interest rate is formula_8, the number of monthly payments is formula_9, the fixed monthly payment formula_10.
The amount owed on the loan at the end of every month equals the amount owed from the previous month, plus the interest on this amount, minus the fixed amount paid every month.
He has appeared in more than 160 films and has been nominated for an Academy Award, two Emmy Awards, an MTV Movie Award for Best Villain and a Golden Globe Award; he also won a Drama Desk Award.
Beatty was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Margaret (; April 26, 1907 – January 29, 1991) and Charles William Beatty (August 8, 1907 – October 27, 1952).
He received a scholarship to sing in the a cappella choir at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky; he attended but did not graduate.
During his first ten years of theater, he worked at the Barter Theater in Abingdon, Virginia, the State Theatre of Virginia.
Returning to Kentucky, he worked in the Louisville area through the mid-1960s, at the Clarksville Little Theater (Indiana) and the newly founded Actors Theater of Louisville.
Beatty's character is forced to strip at gunpoint by two mountain men who humiliate and rape him, a scene so shocking that it is still referenced as a screen milestone.
The film featured Gillian Jacobs, Zachary Knighton, David Krumholtz, Melanie Lynskey, Ahna O'Reilly and Jason Ritter, and was directed by his son Thomas Beatty and Rebecca Fishman.
His first wife was Walta Chandler; they were married from 1959 until 1968 and had four children: Douglas Beatty (born 1960), twins Charles and Lennis Beatty (born 1963), and Walter Beatty (born 1966).
His second wife was the actress Belinda Rowley; they were married from 1971 to 1979 and had two children: John Beatty and Blossom Beatty.
Trying to fill a straight line segment will result in no pixels being affected, as such a shape does not contain any pixels itself.
Filling a circular shape using the color yellow results in a solid yellow circle, while filling the same circular shape using a paint that generates an image produces a circular cutout of the image.
The most common composite is , which can treat the pixels being drawn as partially transparent, so that the destination pixels show through to some degree.
Pixels that are partially inside and partially outside the shape may be affected to a lesser degree if anti-aliasing is enabled.
The composite takes the pixels generated by the paint and combines them with the pixels already onscreen to produce the final result.
Every Java 2D operation is subject to a transform, so that shapes may be translated, rotated, sheared, and scaled as they are drawn.
The outline can be as simple as a thin line, or as complicated as a dashed line with each dash having rounded edges.
The stroke implementation provided with Java 2D implements the outline rules described above, but a custom-written stroke could produce any shape it wished.
Conceptually, drawing a straight black line in Java 2D can be thought of as creating a line segment, transforming it according to the current transform, stroking it to create a thin rectangle, querying this shape to compute the pixels being affected, generating the pixels using , and then compositing the results onto the screen.
If the paint is a simple solid color, for instance, there is no need to actually command it to generate a list of colors to be painted.
Likewise, if the default fully opaque composite is in use, actually asking it to perform the compositing operation is unnecessary and would waste effort.
However, the destination can be anything, such as a printer, memory image, or even an object which accepts Java 2D graphics commands and translates them into vector graphic image files.
Since Java SE 6, Java2D and OpenGL have become interoperable, allowing, for example, the drawing of animated 3D graphics instead of icons on a Button (see JOGL).
In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company.
Shareholders of private companies limited by shares are often bound to offer the shares to their fellow shareholders prior to selling them to a third party.
A shareholder in a limited company, in the event of its becoming insolvent (equivalent to insolvency in the United Kingdom) would be liable to contribute the amount remaining unpaid on the shares (usually zero, as most shares are issued fully paid).
To register it, you must pay an accountant to research the name of your future business to check if it wasn't already registered, then the accountant contacts the offices responsible for giving you the CNPJ (the national code for company identification), which are the commercial joint of the state and the IRS.
In India, there are three types of limited company: a public limited company, a private limited company, and a one-person company.
A company's liability may be limited by shares, in which case the liability of the company's members is limited to the amount of the shares held by them, or it may be limited by guarantee, in which case the liability is limited to a predetermined amount the company's members have agreed to contribute if the company is dissolved with outstanding liabilities.
A one-person company (OPC) is a private company with similar proprietorship and privileges to a private limited company, but with fewer requirements; this type of company may have only one director and member.
No Minimum Paid up Capital – Earlier the business organisations which wanted to take up a company as the preferred form of business organisation had to fulfil the requirement of minimum paid-up share capital of not less than ₹ 5 lakhs in case of public company and ₹1 lakh in case of private companies by way of Section 2(71) and 2(68) respectively.
However, after in the recent Companies Amendment Act 2015, this requirement is scrapped, and a company can go ahead with its incorporation without fulfilling this criterion.
In Nigeria, there are two types of limited companies namely: a company limited by guarantee and a company limited by shares.
In Nigeria shareholders of limited companies are only liable for the amount of money they contributed to the company, All Nigerian companies regulated by the CAMC (Company and Allied Matters Commission).
The registration of companies in the United Kingdom is done through Companies House, which operates offices in London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast.
Prior to 1 October 2009, the registration of companies in Northern Ireland was the responsibility of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (a department of the devolved government).
On the commencement of the Companies Act 2006, Northern Ireland's previously distinct company law was repealed and the new companies code instituted by that Act was extended to Northern Ireland.
Although the album was commercially successful, it received a highly negative critical reception due to Hung's poor vocals and the sound of the karaoke tracks used in the album.
The album was recorded the weekend of March 6, 2004, with Hung singing vocals over digital MIDI music, with real musicians occasionally playing as well.
To promote the album, Hung performed before nearly 20,000 fans during half-time at a Golden State Warriors game on April 6.
His epynomous debut album, a mixture of soul and pop songs in German and English language, was released in January 2005 and also reached number one in Germany, where it was certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI).
For his work as a recording artist, Mutzke has won several high-profile prizes such as the 1LIVE Krone and the Goldene Stimmgabel.
In the televoting of the final show on March 19, 2004 Max defeated nine other competitors (including established artists like Scooter or Sabrina Setlur).
A majority of 92,95% of all votes made him the German entry for the 49th Eurovision Song Contest in Istanbul, where he finished eighth with 93 points.
Thereupon the singer went back to school and passed his final high school examination, before teaming up with Raab once again to finish his self-titled solo album in summer 2004.
From May to June 2005 Max then went on a club tour across Germany, Austria and Switzerland, before touring with Katie Melua.
Eve Beglarian (born Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S., July 22, 1958) is a contemporary American composer, performer and audio producer of Armenian descent.
Her chamber, choral, and orchestral music has been commissioned and widely performed by The Los Angeles Master Chorale, the Bang on a Can All-Stars, The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, The California EAR Unit, The Orchestra of St. Luke's, Relâche, The Paul Dresher Ensemble, Sequitur, and The American Composers Orchestra, among many others.
This consisted of a number of sensor, weapons and communications upgrades that were intended to extend the service lives of the ships.
The upgraded combat system would include the MK86 Gun Fire Control System with AN/SPQ-9 radar, the Hughes AN/SPS-52C 3D radar, the AN/SPG-51C (Digital) Fire Control Radars, and the Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS).
During the 1980s, the Reagan Administration chose to accelerate production of the guided missile cruisers and build the guided missile destroyers, both classes with the Aegis Combat System that was considered more effective than NTU-upgraded ships, to gradually replace all existing destroyer and cruiser classes (especially the expensive nuclear-powered cruisers).
Although broadly similar to the US Navy's vessels, the Australian ships were fitted with the Ikara system instead of the ASROC that was fitted to the American units.
Kabardian (; '; Adyghe: адыгэбзэ, къэбэртай адыгабзэ, къэбэртайбзэ), also known as Kabardino-Cherkess (къэбэрдей-черкесыбзэ) or , is a Northwest Caucasian language closely related to the Adyghe language.
It is spoken mainly in parts of the North Caucasus republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia (Eastern Circassia), and in Turkey, Jordan and Syria (the extensive post-war diaspora).
It has 47 or 48 consonant phonemes, of which 22 or 23 are fricatives, depending upon whether one counts as phonemic, but it has only 3 phonemic vowels.
There are several key phonetic and lexical differences that create a reasonably well-defined separation between the eastern and the western Circassian dialects, but the degree to which the two are mutually intelligible has not yet been determined.
The matter is also complicated somewhat by the existence of Besleney, which is usually considered a dialect of Kabardian but also shares many features with certain dialects of Adyghe.
Since 2004, the Turkish state broadcasting corporation TRT has maintained a half-an-hour programme a week in the Terek dialect of Kabardian.
The Turkish Kabardians (Uzunyayla) and Besleneys have a palatalized voiced velar stop and a palatalized velar ejective which corresponds to and in literary Kabardian.
The glottalization of the ejective stops (but not fricatives) can be quite weak, and has been reported to often be creaky voice, that is, to have laryngealized voicing.
Although many surface vowels appear, they can be analyzed as consisting of at most the following three phonemic vowels: , and .
Gordon and Applebaum note this analysis, but also note that some authors disagree, and as a result prefer to maintain a phoneme .
Halle, however, shows that this analysis is flawed, as it requires the introduction of multiple new phonemes to carry the information formerly encoded by the two vowel phonemes.
Kabardian, like all Northwest Caucasian languages, has a basic agent–object–verb typology, and is characterized by an ergative construction of the sentence.
The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Adyghe and Kabardian, along with the original declaration in English.
Señor Wences was one of the benefactors of the Convent of Saint Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) in Alba de Tormes, Salamanca, where he had a house.
Doctors advised him to exercise his injured arm, so he learned to juggle and joined a circus act of some friends.
His stable of characters included Johnny, a childlike face drawn on his hand, placed atop an otherwise headless doll, with whom the ventriloquist conversed while switching voices between Johnny's falsetto and his own voice with great speed.
He would first place his thumb next to, and in front of, his bent first finger; the first finger would be the upper lip, and the thumb the lower lip.
He used lipstick to draw the lips onto the respective fingers and then drew eyes onto the upper part of the first finger, finishing the effect with a tiny long-haired wig on top of his hand.
His punishment was to clean the inkwells and he smeared some of the ink on his hand, then clenched his fist to create the face.
Wences was forced to suddenly invent the character when his regular, full-sized dummy was destroyed during a 1936 train accident en route to Chicago.
A large part of the entertainer's comedy lay in the well-timed, high-speed exchange of words between himself and his creations, and in the difference in their voice pitches.
Although he was an international favorite for decades, his main career was made in the United States, where he arrived in 1934 or 1935.
One of Wences's trademark bits of shtick (referenced several times below) involves his dialogue with a low voice emanating from inside a box.
Ventriloquists Jay Johnson, Rickie Layne and Michele LaFong performed at Wences' 100th birthday celebration at the New York Friars' Club (where he was made a lifetime member), and he was so impressed with LaFong that he befriended her.
Las Vegas headliner LaFong is the only ventriloquist authorized by the Wences Estate to perform Johnny and Pedro, plus Wences' routines.
Another famous ventriloquist who was present at Wences' birthday party, and who met him there for the first time was Paul Winchell.
He had been residing in New York City's Upper West Side on 54th Street, just around the corner from the Ed Sullivan Theater.
They may be peripatetic, stationed on a secondment away from their home, not want the risk of a mortgage and/or negative equity, may be a group of co-occupiers unwilling to enter into the ties of co-ownership, or may be improving their credit rating or bank balance to obtain a better-terms future mortgage.
In general, responsibilities are given as follows: the homeowner is responsible for making repairs and performing property maintenance, and the tenant is responsible for keeping the property clean and safe.
Many owners hire a property management company to take care of all the details of renting their property out to a tenant.
This usually includes advertising the property and showing it to prospective tenants, negotiating and preparing the written leases or license agreements , and then, once rented, collecting rent from the tenant and performing repairs as needed.
Generally, there are a limited number of reasons for which a landlord or landlady can evict his or her tenant before the expiration of the tenancy, though at the end of the lease term the rental relationship can generally be terminated without giving any reason.
Some cities, counties, and States have laws establishing the maximum rent a landlord can charge, known as rent control, or rent regulation, and related eviction.
There is also an implied warranty of habitability, whereby a landlord must maintain safe, decent and habitable housing, meeting minimum safety requirements such as smoke detectors and a locking door.
The most common disputes result from either the landlord's failure to provide services or the tenant's failure to pay rent—the former can also lead to the latter.
Some provinces have laws establishing the maximum rent a landlord can charge, known as rent control, or rent regulation, and related eviction.
There is also an implied warranty of habitability, whereby a landlord must maintain safe, decent and habitable housing, meeting minimum safety requirements.
For instance, in Victoria, if tenants become 14 days or more in arrears, they can be issued with an official notice to vacate.
Landlords have the right to choose the tenant they consider the most suitable for the property only under the Equal Opportunity Act.
Rental bonds are paid by tenants at the start of their tenancy and are a payment held in trust by the specific state government rental authority, which is used as financial protection for the landlord in case the tenant breaches the terms of the tenancy agreement.
Private sector renting is largely governed by many of the Landlord and Tenant Acts, in particular the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 which sets bare minimum standards in tenants' rights against their landlords.
A Possession Order under the most common type, the Assured Shorthold Tenancy (AST) is usually obtainable after eight weeks/two months of unpaid rent, and at the court's discretion after serving the tenant with a Section 8 notice (under the Housing Act 1988 as amended) for a lesser period for all assured tenancies — and on other grounds which defer to the landlord's ownership of the property.
If the tenancy is an AST then any possession order will not take effect until six months has passed into the initial tenancy.
Each house in multiple occupation, a unit the law does not regard it as a single household having more than three tenants, is subject to enhanced regulations including the Housing Act 2004.
A council-issued Licence to be a landlord of such a unit is always required in some local authorities (in others, limited to the larger statutory examples).
Tenancies above a couple of years are normally called leases and tend to be long; if more than 7 years a new leasehold estate must be registered.
These are governed by few of the above rules and are in longer examples deliberately more akin to full ownership than tenancies, in general.
The law has not regulated hefty break/resale charges nor does it prevent the sale of leasehold houses; in the 2010s certain of these proposals have been widely consulted upon and are being drafted.
Broadly, legislation allows such lessees (tenants) to club together to gain the Right to Manage, and the right to buy the landlord's interest (to collectively enfranchise).
In the overall diminishing domain of social housing, exceptionally, lessees widely acquire over time the Right to Buy for a fixed discount on the market price of the home.
If a landlord is selling a block and a qualifying tenant occupies more than 50%, the tenant should be given the right of first refusal at the asking price to buy the block.
As in most jurisdictions the law on rigorous adherence to lease terms on unlawful subletting and assignment can be strictly enforced, resulting in financial and premises loss if broken.
The taking of a tenant's goods without a court-issued warrant (flowing from a court order or outstanding tax demand) (distress) has been banned.
Renters (tenants or other licensees) at the lowest end of the payment scale may be in social or economic difficulty and suffer significant social stigma as a consequence.
Due to lack of alternative options, such renters are often the victims of unscrupulous owners of unsafe and decrepit properties who neglect their responsibility to maintain the property.
In extreme situations government compulsory purchase powers in many countries enable slum clearance to replace or renovate the worst of neighbourhoods.
The incentive, certainly if not social housing, is to obtain a good rental yield (annual return on investment) and prospect of property price inflation.
The disincentives are the locally varying duties of landlords in repair/maintenance and administration — and keynote risks (tenant disputes, damage, neglect, loss of rent, insurance inavailability/disputes, economic slump, increased rate of interest on any mortgage, and negative equity or loss of investment).
Net income (yield) and capital growth from letting (renting out) particularly in leveraged buy to let, is subject to idiosyncratic risk, which is considered objectively intensified for a highly leveraged investor limited to a small number of similar profile homes, of narrow rental market appeal in areas lacking economic resilience.
Rental properties can be paid for by the tenant on whatever basis agreed between the landlord and the tenant — more frequently than weekly or less than yearly is almost unheard of — and which is always included in the lease agreement (preferably for both sides in writing).
A landlord or its agent can decide to collect a security deposit (and/or in some jurisdictions such as parts of the US, a move-in/administration fee).
A deterrent if high and a relative attractive if low in many markets for a tenant, it is rarely debated in pre-tenancy term negotiations.
Instead a landlord's loss of rent/comprehensive damage insurance may be factored into the rent agreed and/or a special type of deposit, a regulated sum of money as a bond (protected security deposit) from the tenant held by a registered third party (such as certain realty agents) may be permissible.
A deposit is normally by law to be offset against arrears (rent deficits) and damage by or failures to clean/repair by the tenant.
The Licensed Trade Charity, formed in 2004 from the merger of the Society of Licensed Victuallers and Licensed Victualler's National Homes, exists to serve the retirement needs of Britain's pub landlords.
As well as having normal full fee paying students, Licensed Victuallers' School in Ascot provides discounted education prices for the children of landlords and others in the catering industry.
Although not a formal Landlord's Association, in Minneapolis, organised dissent by downmarket landlords vocally and financially opposed harassment by city officials and, in the 2001 election, succeeded in defeating the incumbent mayor and half the city council.
Edwyn Collins formed the Nu-Sonics (named after a cheap brand of guitar) with his school-mate Alan Duncan, and was subsequently joined by James Kirk and Steven Daly, who left a band called The Machetes.
The band released their first singles during 1980 and 1981 on the independent Postcard Records label founded by Alan Horne, along with fellow Scottish bands Josef K and Aztec Camera.
However, internal tensions led to Kirk and Daly leaving in early 1982 (they would go on to form a short-lived band called Memphis), and for the next two album releases the core line-up was Collins and McClymont with Malcolm Ross on guitar, vocals, and keyboards, and Zeke Manyika on drums.
1185 – 5 August 1257) was a Polish Dominican priest and missionary that worked to reform women's monasteries in his native Poland.
A near relative of Blessed Ceslaus, he made his studies in notable cities: Kraków, Prague, and Bologna, and at the latter place merited the title of Doctor of Law and Divinity.
On his return to Poland he was given a prebend at Sandomierz (medieval centre of administration in south-eastern part of country) .
While in Rome, he witnessed a miracle performed by Saint Dominic, and became a Dominican friar, along with the Blessed Ceslaus and two attendants of the Bishop of Kraków - Herman and Henry.
In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his followers to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220.
Before that time, the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio which Honorius III had given to Dominic circa 1218, intending it to be used for a reformation of Roman nuns under Dominic's guidance.
After an abbreviated novitiate, Hyacinth and his companions received the religious habit of the Order from St. Dominic himself in 1220.
As Hyacinth and his three companions traveled back to Kraków, he set up new monasteries with his companions as superiors, until finally he was the only one left to continue on to Kraków.
As the friars prepared to flee the invading forces, Hyacinth went to save the ciborium containing the Blessed Sacrament from the tabernacle in the monastery chapel, when he heard the voice of Mary, the mother of Jesus, asking him to take her, too.
He was easily able to carry both, despite the fact that the statue weighed far more than he could normally lift.
For this reason he is usually shown holding a monstrance (though they did not come into use until several centuries later), and a statue of Mary.
His grave is displayed in the Dominican Church (Holy Trinity Church) in Krakow, Poland, in a chapel that bears his name.
However, most of the numerous towns and locations in Spanish-speaking countries that are so named are named for Hyacinth of Caesarea.
He is also the patron saint of the Ermita de Piedra de San Jacinto in the Philippine city of Tuguegarao, where his feast day is celebrated with a procession and folk dance contests.
The town church dedicated to San Jacinto or Saint Hyacinth is home to the oldest church bell (the Sancta Maria 1595) in the Far East.
The town of San Jacinto de Yaguachi, near Guayaquil in Ecuador, has had Saint Hyacinth as its patron saint since the 15th century.
There is a cathedral in the town dedicated to the saint, which holds relics of St. Hyacinth given to the Archbishop of Guayaquil by Pope John Paul II in the 1980s.
The term can be used to indicate dissent by as little as a single vote, if a unanimous vote is required.
A split vote may arise from vote splitting, which occurs in an election when the existence of two or more similar candidates reduces the votes received by each of them, reducing the chances of any one of them winning against another, significantly different, candidate.
Stanislaus of Szczepanów, or Stanisław Szczepanowski, (July 26, 1030 – April 11, 1079) was a Bishop of Kraków known chiefly for having been martyred by the Polish king Bolesław II the Bold.
Stanislaus is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Stanislaus the Martyr (as distinct from the 16th-century Jesuit Stanislaus Kostka).
According to tradition, Stanisław was born at Szczepanów, a village in Lesser Poland, the only son of the noble and pious Wielisław and Bogna.
He was educated at a cathedral school in Gniezno (then the capital of Poland) and later, according to different sources, in Paris or Liège.
After the Bishop's death (1072), Stanisław was elected his successor but accepted the office only at the explicit command of Pope Alexander II.
The King ruled for the claimants, but – according to legend – Stanisław resurrected Piotr so that he could confirm that he had sold the land to the Bishop.
The King and court were said to have laughed at the absurd request, but the King granted Stanisław the three days.
Stanisław spent them in ceaseless prayer, then, dressed in full bishop's regalia, went with a procession to the cemetery where Piotr had been buried three years earlier.
Stanisław asked Piotr whether he would remain alive but Piotr declined, and so was laid to rest once more in his grave and was reburied.
A more substantial conflict with King Bolesław arose after a prolonged war in Ruthenia, when weary warriors deserted and went home, alarmed at tidings that their overseers were taking over their estates and wives.
According to recent historians, Stanisław took part in a plot by nobles, who aimed to gain more powers or dethrone the king.
Whatever the actual cause of the conflict between them, the result was that the Bishop excommunicated King Bolesław, which included forbidding the saying of the Divine Office by the canons of Krakow Cathedral in case Bolesław attended.
King Bolesław sent his men to execute Bishop Stanisław without trial but when they didn't dare to touch the Bishop, the King decided to kill the bishop himself.
The murder stirred outrage through the land and led to the dethronement of King Bolesław II the Bold, who had to seek refuge in Hungary and was succeeded by his brother, Władysław I Herman.
Whether Stanisław should be regarded as a traitor or a hero, remains one of the classic unresolved questions of Polish history.
The only near-contemporary source was a chronicle of Gallus Anonymus, but the author evaded writing details about a conflict with the king.
Pope Pius V did not include the Saint's feast day in the Tridentine Calendar for use throughout the Roman Catholic Church.
Subsequently, Pope Clement VIII inserted it, setting it for May 7, but Kraków observes it on May 8, a supposed date of the Saint's death, having done so since May 8, 1254, when it was attended by many Polish bishops and princes.
Almost all the Polish kings beginning with Władysław I the Elbow-high were crowned while kneeling before Stanisław's sarcophagus, which stands in the middle of the cathedral.
In the period of Poland's feudal fragmentation, it was believed that Poland would one day reintegrate as had the members of Saint Stanisław's body.
Half a millennium after Poland had indeed reintegrated, and while yet another dismemberment of the polity was underway in the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the framers of the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, would dedicate this progressive political document to Saint Stanisław Szczepanowski, whose feast day fell close to the date of the Constitution's adoption.
Each year on the first Sunday following May 8, a procession, led by the Bishop of Kraków, goes out from Wawel to the Church on the Rock.
The procession, once a local event, was popularized in the 20th century by Polish Primate Stefan Wyszyński and Archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła.
Wojtyla, as Pope John Paul II, called Saint Stanisław the patron saint of moral order and wanted his first papal return to Poland to occur in April 1979 in observance of the 900th anniversary to the day of his martyrdom, but the Communist rulers of that time blocked this, causing the visit to be delayed until June of that year.
In iconography, Saint Stanisław is usually depicted as a bishop holding a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, and sometimes with Piotr rising from the dead at his feet.
Spanish is a relatively synthetic language with a moderate to high degree of inflection, which shows up mostly in Spanish conjugation.
sets of forms for each combination of tense and mood (tense refers to when the action takes place, and mood or mode refers to the mood of the subject – e.g., certainty vs. doubt), plus one incomplete paradigm (the imperative), as well as three non-temporal forms (the infinitive, gerund, and past participle).
Verbs can be used in other forms, such as the present progressive, but in grammar treatises they are not usually considered a special tense but rather periphrastic verbal constructions.
In some varieties of Spanish, such as that of the Río de la Plata Region, a special form of the second person is used.
In grammar, the voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.).
When the subject is the patient, target, or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice.
It is very rare in spoken Spanish, but it is sometimes used in formal written language, where it is almost entirely limited to subordinate (temporal, adverbial) clauses.
Note that in the imperative, the affirmative second-person forms differ from their negative counterparts; this is the only case of a difference in conjugation between affirmative and negative in Spanish.
It is used, almost exclusively in subordinate clauses, to express the speaker's opinion or judgment, such as doubts, possibilities, emotions, and events that may or may not occur.
Although not as strict as English, Spanish is stricter than French or German, which have no systematic distinction between the two concepts at all.
This optionally continuous meaning that can be underlined by using the continuous form is a feature of the present and imperfect.
The preterite never has this meaning, even in the continuous form, and the future has it only when it is in the continuous form.
Note that since the preterite by nature refers to an event seen as having a beginning and an end, and not as a context, the use of the continuous form of the verb only adds a feeling for the length of time spent on the action.
Strictly speaking, the difference between them is one of not tense but aspect, in a manner that is similar to that of the Slavic languages.
The difference between the preterite and the imperfect (and in certain cases, the perfect) is often hard to grasp for English speakers.
English has just one past-tense form, which can have aspect added to it by auxiliary verbs, but not in ways that reliably correspond to what occurs in Spanish.
Like the Slavic imperfective past, it tends to show actions that used to be done at some point, as in a routine.
But there are certain topics, words, and key phrases that can help one decide if the verb should be conjugated in the preterite or the imperfect.
These expressions co-occur significantly more often with one or the other of the two tenses, corresponding to a completed action (preterite) or a repetitive action or a continuous action or state (imperfect) in the past.
In the first two, it is clear that the shining refers to the background to the events that are about to unfold in the story.
One has a choice between making this explicit with the past continuous, as in (2), or using the simple past and allowing the context to make it clear what is intended, as in (1).
It is talking about a single event presented as occurring at a specific point in time (the moment John pulled back the curtain).
The preterite is used if this refers to a single action or event—that is, the person took a bath last night.
The imperfect is used if this refers to any sort of habitual action—that is, the person took a bath every morning.
Here the imperfect is used because it is a description (the start and end of the action is not presented; it is something that was in progress at a certain time).
If it is implicitly or explicitly communicated that the frame of reference for the event includes the present and the event or events may therefore continue occurring, then both languages strongly prefer the perfect.
For example, in December one might speak of the year in the simple past because we are assuming that all of that year's important events have occurred and one can talk as though it were over.
There is a tendency in Spanish to use the perfect even for this type of time reference, even though the preterite is possible and seems more logical.
These same sentences in the preterite would purely refer to the past actions, without any implication that they have repercussions now.
If the event itself has been happening recently and is also happening right now or expected to continue happening soon, then the preterite is impossible in both languages.
In the Canary Islands and across Latin America, there is a colloquial tendency to replace most uses of the perfect with the preterite.
The one use of the perfect that does seem to be normal in Latin America is the perfect for actions that continue into the present (not just the time frame, but the action itself).
However, colloquial Spanish has lost this tense and the corresponding nuance, and the preterite must be used instead in all but the most formal of writing.
This contrasts with English, where verbs tend to emphasize manner, and the direction of motion is left to helper particles, prepositions, or adverbs.
Vote splitting is an electoral effect in which the distribution of votes among multiple similar candidates reduces the chance of winning for any of the similar candidates, and increases the chance of winning for a dissimilar candidate.
Vote splitting most easily occurs in plurality voting (also called first-past-the-post) in which each voter indicates a single choice and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if the winner does not have majority support.
For example, if candidate A1 receives 30% of the votes, similar candidate A2 receives another 30% of the votes, and dissimilar candidate B receives the remaining 40% of the votes, plurality voting declares candidate B as the winner, even though 60% of the voters prefer either candidate A1 or A2.
Plurality-runoff voting methods (like Exhaustive ballot, Two-round system/Top-two primary, Instant-runoff voting, Supplementary vote, and Contingent vote) still suffer from vote-splitting in each round, but can somewhat reduce its effects compared to single-round plurality voting.
A well-known effect of vote splitting is the spoiler effect, in which a popular candidate loses an election by a small margin because a less-popular similar candidate attracts votes away from the popular candidate, allowing a dissimilar candidate to win.
Vote splitting is one possible cause for an electoral system failing the independence of clones or independence of irrelevant alternatives fairness criteria.
If primary elections or party nominations are not used to identify a single candidate from each party, the party that has more candidates is more likely to lose because of vote splitting among the candidates from the same party.
In addition to applying to single-winner voting systems (such as used in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada), a split vote can occur in proportional representation methods that use election thresholds, such as in Germany, New Zealand and Turkey.
When ranked ballots are used, a voter can vote for a minor party candidate as their first choice, and also indicate their order of preference for the remaining candidates, without regard for whether a candidate is in a major political party.
For example, voters who support a very liberal candidate can select a somewhat liberal candidate as their second choice, thus minimising the chance that their vote will result in the election of a conservative candidate.
Runoff voting is less vulnerable to vote splitting compared to plurality voting, yet vote splitting can occur in any round of runoff voting.
Although instant runoff voting (IRV) uses ranked ballots, secondary preferences are considered in the same sequence as in multiple rounds of voting this method does not reduce the vote-splitting effect.
Vote splitting rarely occurs when the chosen electoral system uses ranked ballots and a pairwise-counting method, such as a Condorcet method.
For each pair of candidates there is a count for how many voters prefer the first candidate (in the pair) to the second candidate, and how many voters have the opposite preference.
Vote splitting also can occur in situations that do not involve strategic nomination, such as talent contests (such as American Idol) where earlier rounds of voting determine the current contestants.
The three primary Cardinal Voting methods are Approval Voting, with a range between 0-1, Score Voting where there's an arbitrary range, and STAR voting.
While the Liberal and National Parties tend to avoid three-cornered contests they do occur when there is a dispute of which party has claim to seats in question.
Australia has the system of preferential voting and in three-cornered contests the Liberal and National Parties would preference each other while the Australian Labor Party would normally preference the Liberal Party ahead of the National Party as they deem the Liberal Party to be less conservative than the National Party.
In some jurisdictions it may also involve the removal of persons from premises that were foreclosed by a mortgagee (often, the prior owners who defaulted on a mortgage).
The legal aspects, procedures, and provisions for eviction, by whatever name, vary even between countries or states with similar legal structures.
Such evictions are generally illegal at any time during the process (including after a landlord wins an eviction suit); a tenant facing such measures may sue the landlord.
The residential and commercial ordinances created jurisdictions preventing landlords from taking any action that may force a tenant out of their premises.
These actions include, but are not limited to, force and threats, removing essential services, demolishing the property, or interfering with entrance locks.
If the tenant remains in possession of the property after the notice to vacate has expired, the landlord can then serve the tenant with a lawsuit.
Depending on the jurisdiction, the tenant may be required to submit a written response by a specified date, after which time another date is set for the trial.
Eviction cases are often expedited since the issue is time-sensitive (the landlord loses rental income while the tenant remains in possession).
As mentioned above, most jurisdictions do not allow a landlord to evict a tenant without legal action being taken first, even if the landlord is successful in court.
The officer then posts a notice for the tenant on the property that the officer will remove the tenant and any other people on the property, though some jurisdictions will not enforce the writ if, on that day, inclement weather is taking place.
If the tenant leaves behind anything of value, there is a universal custom (but no law) for the landlord to hold onto the left-behind belongings for 30 days.
After these 30 days the landlord is able to sell the left-behind property, usually in an auction, to satisfy any over due rent arrears.
As gentrification and the re-population of urban centers by wealthier residents takes place, no-fault evictions are used as a tool to displace tenants in cities with rent control.
In California, for example, the Ellis Act allows eviction of rent-controlled tenants if the landlord intends to no longer rent any portion of an apartment building (i.e., landlords cannot be compelled to rent).
In the United States of America, rules for evictions and the eviction process are ruled by each state, local county, and city rules.
Edward Hugh John Neale Dalton, Baron Dalton, (16 August 1887 – 13 February 1962) was a British Labour Party economist and politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1945 to 1947.
He shaped Labour Party foreign policy in the 1930s, opposing pacifism and promoting rearmament against the German threat, and strongly opposed the appeasement policy of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938.
Dalton served in Winston Churchill's wartime coalition cabinet; after the Dunkirk evacuation he was Minister of Economic Warfare, and established the Special Operations Executive.
His political position was already in jeopardy in 1947, when, he, seemingly inadvertently, revealed a sentence of the budget to a reporter minutes before delivering his budget speech.
His father, John Neale Dalton, was a Church of England clergyman who became chaplain to Queen Victoria, tutor to the princes George (later King George V) and Albert Victor, and a canon of Windsor.
Following demobilisation, he returned to the LSE and the University of London as a lecturer, where he was awarded a DSc for a thesis on the principles of public finance in 1920.
Dalton stood unsuccessfully for Parliament four times: at the 1922 Cambridge by-election, in Maidstone at the 1922 general election, in Cardiff East at the 1923 general election, and the 1924 Holland with Boston by-election, before entering Parliament for Peckham at the 1924 general election.
At the 1929 general election, he succeeded his wife Ruth Dalton as Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Bishop Auckland in 1929.
Widely respected for his intellectual achievements in economics, he rose in the Labour Party's ranks, with election in 1925 to the shadow cabinet and, with strong union backing, to the Labour Party National Executive Committee (NEC).
He gained ministerial and foreign policy experience as Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office in Ramsay MacDonald's second government, between 1929 and 1931.
The book revived updated nuts-and-bolts Fabianism, which had been out of favour, and could be used to attack the more militant Left.
He became President of the Board of Trade in 1942; the future Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell, drafted into the civil service during the war, was his Principal Private Secretary.
After the unexpected Labour victory in the 1945 general election Dalton wished to become Foreign Secretary, but the job was instead given to Ernest Bevin.
Half of the wartime economy had been devoted to mobilizing soldiers, warplanes, bombs and munitions; an urgent transition to a peacetime budget was necessary, while minimizing inflation.
Financial aid through Lend Lease from the United States was abruptly and unexpectedly terminated in September 1945, and new loans from the United States and Canada were essential to keep living conditions tolerable.
In the long run, Labour was committed to nationalization of industry and national planning of the economy, to more taxation of the rich and less of the poor, and to expanding the welfare state and creating free medical services for everyone.
During the war, most overseas investments had been sold to fund the cost of its prosecution (the state thus losing the income from them), and Britain suffered severe balance of payments problems.
The $3.75 billion 50-year American loan negotiated by John Maynard Keynes in 1946 (and the $1.25 billion loan from Canada) was soon exhausted.
In the atmosphere of crisis, Morrison and Cripps intrigued to replace Attlee with Bevin as Prime Minister; Bevin refused to play along, and Attlee bought off Cripps by giving him Morrison's responsibilities for economic planning.
He wanted to avoid the high interest rates and unemployment experienced after the First World War, and to keep down the cost of nationalization.
He gained support for this cheaper money policy from Keynes, as well as from officials of the Bank of England and the Treasury.
Budgetary policy under Dalton was strongly progressive, as characterised by policies such as increased food subsidies, heavily subsidised rents to council house tenants, the lifting of restrictions on housebuilding, the financing of national assistance and family allowances, and extensive assistance to rural communities and Development Areas.
In one of his budgets, Dalton significantly increased spending on education (which included £4 million for the universities and the provision of free school milk), £38 million for the start (from August 1946) of family allowances, and an additional £10 million for Development Areas.
Harold Macmillan, who inherited Dalton's housing responsibilities, later acknowledged his debt to Dalton's championing of New Towns, and was grateful for the legacy of Dalton's Town Development Bill, which encouraged urban overfill schemes and the movement of industry out of cities.
Food subsidies were maintained at high wartime levels in order to restrain living costs, while taxation structures were altered to benefit low-wage earners, with some 2.5 million workers taken out of the tax system altogether in Dalton's first two budgets.
Walking into the House of Commons to give the autumn 1947 budget speech, Dalton made an off-the-cuff remark to a journalist, telling him of some of the tax changes in the budget.
The news was printed in the early edition of the evening papers before he had completed his speech, and whilst the stock market was still open.
Though initially implicated in the allegations that led to the Lynskey tribunal in 1948, he was ultimately exonerated officially, but his reputation suffered another blow.
He became Minister of Town and Country Planning in 1950, the position being renamed as Minister of Local Government and Planning the following year.
As Chancellor in 1946 he had started the National Land Fund to resource national parks, and in 1951 he approved the Pennine Way, which involved the creation of 70 additional miles of rights of way.
He still had the ear of the Prime Minister, and enjoyed promoting the careers of candidates with potential, but was no longer a major political player as he had been until 1947.
He was made a life peer as Baron Dalton, of Forest and Frith in the County Palatine of Durham in 1960.
Dalton substantially expanded Max Otto Lorenz's work in the measurement of income inequality, offering both an expanded array of techniques but also a set of principles by which to comprehend shifts in an income distribution, thereby providing a more compelling theoretical basis for understanding relationships between incomes (1920).
Following a suggestion by Pigou (1912, p. 24), Dalton proposed the condition that a transfer of income from a richer to a poorer person, so long as that transfer does not reverse the ranking of the two, will result in greater equity (Dalton, p. 351).
Dalton offered a theoretical proposition of a positive functional relationship between income and economic welfare, stating that economic welfare increases at an exponentially decreasing rate with increased income, leading to the conclusion that maximum social welfare is achievable only when all incomes are equal.
Ed Kuepper's music career began in 1973 when he formed The Saints in Brisbane initially as a garage band, Kid Galahad and the Eternals.
Early in the next year Hay switched to bass guitar and Jeffrey Wegener joined on drums, and they were renamed as The Saints.
In November the group were signed to EMI which quickly pressed their single and by December issued an album of the same name.
He provided lead guitar, lead vocals and banjo; with former bandmate Wegener on drums; Bob Farrell on saxophone; and Ben Wallace-Crabbe on bass guitar.
Meanwhile, Kuepper and the group's manager, Ken West, started up their own label, Prince Melon Records, to release early work by Laughing Clowns.
During July 1984 Kuepper rejoined The Saints on bass guitar as a touring musician alongside Bailey, Chris Burnham on lead guitar, and Iain Shedden on drums.
For the album he provided vocals, guitars: electric, acoustic and bass, and mandolin; he also used Callaway on guitar, Nick Fisher on drums, and Louis Tillett on piano.
In the following year he formed a backing band, The Yard Goes on Forever, with Michael Arthur on guitar; Louis Burdett on drums (ex-Powerhouse), who was replaced a month later by Mark Dawson (ex-John Kennedy's Love Gone Wrong); and Paul Smith on bass guitar (ex-Laughing Clowns).
It was produced by Kuepper and appeared on Hot Records for the UK market and True Tone Records for the Australian market.
In April 1991 Kuepper formed a grunge-like band, The Aints, with Kuepper on guitar and vocals; and initially the line-up had Tim Reeves on drums; and Kent Steedman (also in The Celibate Rifles) on bass guitar.
He has recorded more than twenty solo albums using a variety of backing bands including Ed Kuepper and His Oxley Creek Playboys, Ed Kuepper and the Institute of Nude Wrestling, The Exploding Universe of Ed Kuepper, Ed Kuepper and the New Imperialists, and Ed Kuepper and the Kowalski Collective.
During 2004 he toured Australia and Europe performing semi-improvised music to some of these films under the banner of Music for Len Lye (MFLL).
Venues included the Institute of Modern Art (Brisbane), Sydney Opera House, the Austrian Film Museum (Vienna) and the Cartier Foundation (Paris), where Kuepper was the only rock musician to be invited apart from Velvet Underground.
After extensive touring in 2008 opening for Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds Kuepper joined Cave's band as a touring guitarist upon the departure of founding member Mick Harvey in early 2009.
In Addition to his brief 1984 stint as a touring bassist with the Saints, in September 2001 Kuepper and the original line-up of The Saints came together for a one-off reunion, when they were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame.
On 14 July 2007, Kuepper, Chris Bailey and original drummer Ivor Hay re-united for another one-off gig at the Queensland Music Festival, with latter The Saints band member Caspar Wijnberg on bass guitar.
In January 2009, as part of the All Tomorrows Parties touring festival – curated by Mick Harvey, The Saints with Kuepper, Bailey, Hay, and Arturo LaRizza played shows in Brisbane, Sydney and in Mount Buller, Victoria.
This was followed by a Melbourne show on 14 January as part of the Don't Look Back sideshow concerts, where they performed the (I'm) Stranded album in its entirety.
In late 1979 at a performance by The Saints in Sydney, Ed Kuepper met arts student and photographer Judi Dransfield – the couple later married.
Although the conformation of the breed resembles that of a light draught horse, Friesians are graceful and nimble for their size.
It is believed that during the Middle Ages, ancestors of Friesian horses were in great demand as war horses throughout continental Europe.
Though the breed nearly became extinct on more than one occasion, the modern day Friesian horse is growing in numbers and popularity, used both in harness and under saddle.
Friesians rarely have white markings of any kind; most registries allow only a small star on the forehead for purebred registration.
Both types are common, though the modern type is currently more popular in the show ring than is the baroque Friesian.
The chestnut allele, a recessive genetic trait in the Friesian, does exist; in the 1990s, two mares gave birth to chestnut foals.
The American Friesian Association, which is not affiliated to the KFPS, allows horses with white markings and/or chestnut colour to be registered if purebred parentage can be proven.
There are four genetic disorders acknowledged by the industry that may affect horses of Friesian breeding: dwarfism, hydrocephalus, a tendency for aortic rupture, and megaesophagus.
Approximately 0.25% of Friesians are affected by dwarfism, which results in horses with a normal-sized head, a broader chest than normal, an abnormally long back and very short limbs.
Like some other draught breeds, they are prone to a skin condition called verrucous pastern dermatopathy and may be generally prone to having a compromised immune system.
Some normal-sized Friesians also have a propensity toward tendon and ligament laxity which may or may not be associated with dwarfism.
The Friesian originates in the province of Friesland in the northern Netherlands, where there is evidence of thousands of years of horse populations.
One of the most well-known sources of this was by an English writer named Anthony Dent who wrote about the Friesian mounted troops in Carlisle.
Many of the illustrations found depict knights riding horses which resembled the breed, with one of the most famous examples being William the Conqueror.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Netherlands were briefly linked with Spain, there was less demand for heavy war horses, as battle arms changed and became lighter.
Andalusian horses were crossbred with Friesians, producing a lighter horse more suitable (in terms of less food intake and waste output) for work as urban carriage horses.
The breed was especially popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, when they were in demand not only as harness horses and for agricultural work, but also for the trotting races so popular then.
The Friesian may have been used as foundation stock for such breeds as the Dole Gudbrandsdal, the Norfolk Trotter (ancestor of the Hackney), and the Morgan.
In the 1800s, the Friesian was bred to be lighter and faster for trotting, but this led to what some owners and breeders regarded as inferior stock, so a movement to return to pureblood stock took place at the end of the 19th century.
At the time, the Friesian horse was declining in numbers, and was being replaced by the more fashionable Bovenlanders, both directly, and by crossbreeding Bovenlander stallions on Friesian mares.
This had already virtually exterminated the pure Friesian in significant parts of the province in 1879, which made the inclusion of Bovenlanders necessary.
While the work of the society led to a revival of the breed in the late 19th century, it also resulted in the sale and disappearance of many of the best stallions from the breeding area, and Friesian horse populations dwindled.
By 1943, the breeders of non-Friesian horses left the FPS completely to form a separate association, which later became the Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland (Royal Warmblood Studbook of the Netherlands (KWPN).
Because of their color and striking appearance, Friesian horses are a popular breed in movies and television, particularly in historic and fantasy dramas.
There is a distinct difference between Old Blackfoot (also called High Blackfoot), the dialect spoken by many older speakers, and New Blackfoot (also called Modern Blackfoot), the dialect spoken by younger speakers.
The language has a fairly small phoneme inventory; consisting of 11 basic consonants and three basic vowels that have contrastive length counterparts.
Blackfoot language has been declining in the number of native speakers and is classified as either a threatened or endangered language.
Like the other Algonquian languages, Blackfoot is considered to be a polysynthetic language due to its large morpheme inventory and word internal complexity.
A majority of Blackfoot morphemes have a one to one correspondence between form and meaning, a defining feature of agglutinative languages.
Blackfoot is a member of the Algonquian language belonging to the Plains areal grouping along with Arapaho, Gros Ventre, and Cheyenne.
The Blackfoot people were once one of a few Native American nations that inhabited the Great Plains west of the Mississippi river.
Forced to move because of wars with neighboring tribes, the Blackfoot people settled all around the plains area and up into Canada, eventually concentrating in Montana.
The northern plains, where the Blackfoot settled, had incredibly harsh winters, and the flat land provided little escape from the winds.
The first diphthong ai is pronounced before a long consonant, (or , in the dialect of the Blackfoot Reserve) before or , and elsewhere is pronounced in the Blood Reserve dialect or in the Blackfoot Reserve dialect.
The vowel /oo/ is therefore the same sound as /o/ only differing in the length of time over which it is produced.
Blackfoot utterances experience a gradual drop in pitch therefore if an utterance contains a set of accented vowels the first will be higher in pitch than the second but the second will be higher in pitch than the syllables directly surrounding it.
Taylor classifies the Blackfoot language as having two major classes, substantives (nouns and pronouns) and verbs, with one minor class consisting of particles.
Even in stories in which a grammatically inanimate object are markedly anthropomorphized, such as talking flowers, speakers will not use animate agreement markers with them.
Independent noun phrases may be included but these are typically dropped in Blackfoot due to the extensive person inflection on the verb they aren't necessary to interpret the meaning of the utterance.
There is an ordering restriction if the Distinct Third Person (DTP) attached pronoun /-aawa/ is used in which the subject independent noun phrase must occur before the verb.
It has been asserted that Blackfoot, along with other Algonquian languages violates the Universal Person Hierarchy in verb complexes by ranking second person over first person.
The structure of the verb stem in Blackfoot can be roughly broken down into the pre-verb, the root, the medial, and the final.
When a sentence contains two or more particular animate gender nouns as arguments proximate (major third person/3rd) and obviative (minor third person/4th) markings are used to disambiguate.
Redirectional markers, referred to as inverse and direct theme in the literature, can be applied to indicate that the fourth person is the subject argument.
The parameters of transitivity and animacy for verb selection are typically referred to as stem agreement in order to delineate it from person agreement.
The animacy for intransitive verbs is determined by the subject of the verb whereas the transitive verbs are defined by the animacy of their primary object.
When there are two animate arguments acting in a transitive animate verb stem one of the arguments must be acting on the other.
Which argument is the actor (subject) and which is the acted upon (object) is indicated by the use of direct or inverse theme marking.
Finals can include causative, benefactive, reciprocal, and reflexive affixes that either decrease or increase the valency of the stem they are attached too.
This is then interpreted as being a reflexive verb, where the subject of the AI stem is understood to be the both the underlying subject and object of the original verb stem.
The reclassification strategy for nominalization is displayed here followed by a relative clause that uses a nominal formed by this strategy.
Also sometimes it is written in Latin letters but with different spelling on computers because not all computers support the letters used in the Blackfoot language.
The Gospel of Matthew was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1890, and other portions of Scripture were published as Readings from the Holy Scriptures by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1890.
The Gospel of Mark was translated by Donald G. and Patricia Frantz, and published by Scriptures Unlimited, a joint venture of the New York Bible Society (later called Biblica) and the World Home Bible League (later called the Bible League) in 1972.
The Gospel of John was Translated by Wycliffe Bible Translators and Blackfoot people and published by the Canadian Bible Society in 1979.
In the late 1900s, many tribes began a surge of revitalization efforts to encourage cultural awareness of indigenous customs and traditions.
Of these, the Blackfoot revitalization effort has proven to be quite successful, producing various institutions, including a college dedicated to preserving and promoting Blackfoot traditions.
Today, there are head-start programs in primary and secondary schools on the reservation to teach even infants and toddlers about the history of the tribe from an early age.
In 1987, Dorothy Still Smoking and Darrell Robes Kipp founded the Piegan Institute, a private 501 c 3 non-profit foundation in Montana dedicated to researching, promoting, and preserving the Native American Languages, particularly the Blackfoot language.
Piegan Institute founded Nizipuhwahsin (also Nizi Puh Wah Sin or Niitsípuwahsin or Cuts Wood) School in 1995 as a Blackfoot language K–8 immersion school.
Since its inception the school has grown and relocated to the center of Browning, Montana in a custom built school house.
Blackfeet Community College (BCC), founded in 1974, is a two-year, nationally accredited college that was made possible by the Indian Education Act of 1972 and the 1964 Act enacted by the Office of Economic Opportunity.
BCC is a member of both the American Indian Higher Education Consortium and the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES).
It allows teenagers and adults alike to take classes in a wide range of subjects, from classes in Psychology and Digital Photography to classes on Blackfoot language and tradition.
In order to create jobs for the Blackfoot people with real-world applications, the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council launched a company called Chief Mountain Technologies in 2009.
This company gives tribal members the opportunity to work in the fields of computer science and business in Browning, Montana on behalf of various government organizations.
The establishment of this company in the Blackfoot community allows the people to use their culture and their language in the modern world while maintaining their traditions.
The funding was put to use in the form of digital libraries containing interviews with native speakers, online courses, and various other resources in the hopes of promoting Blackfoot language and passing it down to subsequent generations.
On top of both of these government efforts, the Canadian Government has also provided over $40,000 through the Aboriginal Languages Initiative Fund to promote the use of Aboriginal languages in community and family settings.
Greek-Canadian Sam Panopoulos claimed that he created the first Hawaiian pizza at the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario, Canada in 1962.
Inspired in part by his experience preparing Chinese dishes which commonly mix sweet and savoury flavours, Panopoulos experimented with adding pineapple, ham, bacon and other toppings which were not initially very popular.
The addition of pineapple to the traditional mix of tomato sauce and cheese, sometimes with ham or sometimes with bacon, soon became popular locally and eventually became a staple offering of pizzerias around the world.
In Germany, Hawaiian pizza is thought to be a variation of the ham, pineapple and cheese topped Toast Hawaii, originally introduced by Germany's first TV cook Clemens Wilmenrod in 1955.
Jóhannesson, reportedly told a group of high school students during a Q&A that he was fundamentally opposed to pineapple on pizza.
He added that he would ban pineapple as a pizza topping if he could, as long as he received 30% of the under 21 vote.
His off-the-cuff remark generated a flurry of media coverage and inspired those who liked and disliked Hawaiian pizza to express their opinions on social media.
Guðni later clarified that he did not have the power to ban particular toppings on pizza and would not like to live in a country where the leader could ban anything he or she did not like.
A 2015 review of independent UK takeaways operating through Just Eat found the Hawaiian pizza to be the most commonly available.
A 2016 Harris Poll survey of US adults had pineapple in the top three least favorite pizza toppings, ahead of anchovies and mushrooms.
According to a 2019 YouGov Omnibus survey, 12% of Americans who eat pizza say that pineapple is one of their top three favorite pizza toppings, and 24% say that pineapple is one of their least favorite toppings.
Since the creation of the Freya von Moltke Stiftung, working out of Berlin and Krzyżowa, he has been a supporter and linked with their work.
The phrase is commonly used by Muslims, Arab Christians, and Arabic-speakers of other religions to refer to events that one hopes will happen in the future.
Maltese is descended from Siculo-Arabic, the Arabic dialect that developed in Sicily and later in Malta between the end of the 9th century and the end of the 12th century.
Owing to Ottoman rule over the Balkans, it is used extensively in Bulgaria and in the ex-Yugoslav countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, North Macedonia, and Montenegro.
The eponymous central character is a normal man whose brain was transplanted into a large, stone body by aliens, and who lives an extraordinary life on Earth following his escape.
3, in Concrete's recounting of his origin) and Concrete's own high-tech, artificial, stone body (which includes a host of attendant abilities), there are no supernatural or science-fiction elements to any stories.
Later, Concrete climbs Mount Everest, becomes involved with a group of hardline environmental militants, and reluctantly agrees to become the spokesperson of a campaign to voluntarily reduce the Earth's population.
He is notably embarrassed at his lack of sexual organs; this is often the subject of hurtful jokes thrown his way.
Examples include Concrete breaking objects by sitting on them, or Concrete being shot forward from a braking car, due to the momentum of his large body.
He is constantly breaking telephones and doorknobs, and must hire an assistant, Larry Munro, because his hands are too clumsy to handle a pen.
The series focuses on the life of Concrete, formerly Ron Lithgow, whose brain was involuntarily transplanted by aliens into a hulking artificial body which is made up of a substance that closely resembles concrete.
As part of the back-story, he eventually escaped and made contact with the US Senator he worked for as a speechwriter.
After a prolonged period of scientific tests and examinations, he was allowed to live on his own with the cover story that he was a cyborg constructed by the government.
In his new body, Concrete decides to use his tremendous strength, endurance and vision for a series of adventures he never thought of in his previous sedate life.
Hiring a personal assistant writer and accompanied by a female scientist who is assigned to monitor his body, Concrete has a wide variety of adventures.
The series won the Eisner Awards for Best Continuing Series for 1988 and 1989, Best Black-and-White Series for 1988 and 1989, and Best New Series for 1988, and their Best Writer/Artist Award for Paul Chadwick for 1989.
It received the Harvey Award for Best New Series in 1988, and won Chadwick their Award For Cartoonist (Writer/Artist) for 1989.
A film based on the character was in pre-production during the early 1990s, with a script written by Larry Wilson and Paul Chadwick.
The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is an anonymous network layer (implemented as a Mix Network) that allows for censorship-resistant, peer to peer communication.
Anonymous connections are achieved by encrypting the user's traffic (by using end-to-end encryption), and sending it through a volunteer-run network of roughly 55,000 computers distributed around the world.
The software's developers emphasize that there are likely to be bugs in the beta version and that there has been insufficient peer review to date.
The network itself is strictly message-based (like IP), but there is a library available to allow reliable streaming communication on top of it (similar to TCP, although from version 0.6 there is a new UDP-based SSU transport).
The group created an image for the Black Box act using French fashion model Katrin Quinol on its album/singles' cover art and supposed lead singer in all of the group's music videos.
The group also added French Caribbean model Katrin Quinol to the lineup as the group's image and who would go on to lip sync their songs in music videos and on televised performances.
The single became an international hit, peaking at number one in three counties including the UK for which it became UK's best-selling single of 1989, selling over 1.5 million copies worldwide.
Like its predecessors, the song also became an international hit and earned the group their second number one on the Dance chart.
The song became another international top ten hit for the group and earned the group their third number one single on the Dance chart.
Quinol, who did not contribute vocally or musically to the group, left Black Box in late 1991 after the group became the subject of media backlash involving lip-syncing scandals and lawsuits.
Neither Holloway nor Hartman were consulted for permission to sample the song, and Black Box failed to credit Holloway's vocals in the song.
In September 1990, American singer Martha Wash sued Black Box and RCA Records for commercial appropriation after she became aware of the lip-sync scandal perpetrated by the group.
Despite Wash's contributions to the songs, Black Box never credited Wash for her vocals and instead used Quinol to lip-sync Wash's vocals during music videos, televised performances, and concert performances.
The Battle of Hatfield Chase (; ) was fought on 12 October 633 at Hatfield Chase near Doncaster (today part of South Yorkshire, England).
It was a decisive victory for Gwynedd and the Mercians: Edwin was killed and his army defeated, leading to the temporary collapse of Northumbria.
Bede refers to Edwin establishing his rule over what he called the Mevanian islands, one of which was Anglesey, and another source refers to Cadwallon being besieged on the island of Priestholm (AC: Glannauc), which is off the coast of Anglesey.
Later, Cadwallon defeated and drove the Northumbrians from his territories and then allied with Penda (Cadwallon being the stronger member of the alliance).
With both Edwin and his son Osfrith killed, and his other son Eadfrith captured by Penda (and later killed), the kingdom was divided between its constituent kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira.
Eanfrith, a son of the former king Æthelfrith, returned from exile to take power in Bernicia, while Edwin's cousin Osric took over Deira.
Cadwallon continued to wage a war of ruthless slaughter against the Northumbrians, and was not stopped until he was defeated by Oswald at the Battle of Heavenfield (also known as Deniseburna, AC : Cantscaul) a year after Hatfield.
The historian D. P. Kirby suggested that the defeat of Edwin was the outcome of a wide-ranging alliance of interests opposed to him, including the deposed Bernician line of Æthelfrith; but considering the subsequent hostility between Cadwallon and Æthelfrith's sons, such an alliance must not have survived the battle for long.
Although the B5N was substantially faster and more capable than its Allied counterparts, the American Douglas TBD Devastator monoplane (the U.S. Navy's first all-metal, carrier-borne monoplane of any type with retracting gear), and the British Fairey Swordfish and Fairey Albacore torpedo biplanes, it was nearing obsolescence by 1941.
In the early part of the Pacific War, flown by well-trained IJN aircrews and as part of well-coordinated attacks, the B5N achieved particular successes at the battles of Pearl Harbor, Coral Sea, Midway, and Santa Cruz Islands.
The B5N was designed by a team led by Katsuji Nakamura in response to a 1935 specification by the Navy for a torpedo bomber to replace the Yokosuka B4Y.
The B5N soon saw combat, first in the Sino-Japanese War, where combat experience revealed several weaknesses in the original B5N1 production model.
Keen to maintain the high performance of the type, the Navy was reluctant to add weight in the form of armor, and instead looked to obtaining a faster version of the aircraft in the hopes of outrunning enemy fighters.
Although its performance was only marginally better, and its weaknesses remained un-remedied, this version replaced the B5N1 in production and service from 1939.
The B5N2 Kate carried Mitsuo Fuchida, the commander of the attack, with one from the carrier credited with sinking the battleship .
Apart from this raid, the greatest successes of the B5N2 were the key roles it played in sinking the United States Navy aircraft carriers and , and the disabling of the , which led to its sinking by the .
The home appliances business, namely Haier Smart Home, has 7 global brands – Haier, Casarte, Leader, GE Appliances, Fisher & Paykel, Aqua and Candy.
According to data released by Euromonitor, Haier is the number one brand globally in major appliances for 10 consecutive years from 2009-2018.
The Haier brand was also recognized by BrandZ in 2019 as the most valuable IoT ecosystem brand in the world with a brand value of $16.3 billion.
After the 1949 establishment of the People's Republic of China, the factory was then taken over and turned into a state-owned enterprise.
By the 1980s, the factory had debt of over CNY ¥1.4 million and suffered from dilapidated infrastructure, poor management, and lack of quality controls, resulting from the planned economic system and relevant policies.
One of these, Germany's refrigerator company Liebherr, entered into a joint-venture contract with Qingdao Refrigerator Co., offering technology and equipment to its Chinese counterpart.
In 1995, the company took over Qingdao Red Star Electronics Co., a washing machine manufacturer, along with five of its subsidiaries.
In 1996 and 1997, Haier opened production facilities in Indonesia and the Philippines respectively and failed in an attempt enter Thailand's domestic market due to the presence of local companies.
As part of its strategy, Haier built a production facility in the United States at Camden, South Carolina, opened in 2000.
The company also purchased a Meneghetti's factory in Italy and began placing its products in European retail chains, either under its own brand or under OEM agreements with foreign partners.
Its headquarters is in New Delhi, and in 2015 it had 33 operations, including those in Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai and Kolkata.
It was listed among the top 20 most trusted brands in India by The Brand Trust Report, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory.
In June 2005, Haier made a bid to acquire Maytag Corporation, backed by private equity funds Blackstone Group and Bain Capital.
The bid was for US$1.28 billion, or $16 per share, topping a previous offer of $14.26 per share made by Ripplewood Holdings.
In the end, however, Maytag was bought by Michigan based Whirlpool Corporation which offered $1.7 billion in cash and stock, or $21 per share, plus assumed debt.
In 2009, Haier surpassed Whirlpool to become the fourth largest refrigerator producer in terms of sales with a global market share of 6.3%.
The company, in collaboration with Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, found three barriers to the adoption of smart home technology: lack of unified protocols/single point of access, passive services and the lack of complete solutions.
By utilising Cogobuy's ecosystem and supply chain, they were able to integrate IngDan's portfolio of components, modules, and edge voice analysis into smart appliance products.
Haier introduced their smart appliances across seven product lines in the major appliance industry: air, water, clothes care, security, voice control, health and information.
Zhang Ruimin, soon after becoming managing director in 1985, ordered his employees to destroy 76 refrigerators with sledgehammers following a customer complaint in an effort to radically change the company's culture to one that embodies quality control practices.
At the time, Chinese brands for domestically produced consumer goods were generally regarded by overseas consumer markets as being of poor quality, even when compared subjectively with foreign brands manufactured in China.
The cultural transformation towards quality driven manufacturing resulted in Haier becoming the first company in China to get ISO 9001 certification.
Dawn of the Dead is a 2004 American action horror film directed by Zack Snyder (in his feature film directorial debut), produced by Richard P. Rubinstein, Marc Abraham and by Eric Newman and the screenplay written by James Gunn while the special effects for the film were done by Heather Langenkamp and David LeRoy Anderson, who co-own AFX Studio.
It is a remake of George A. Romero's 1978 film and stars Sarah Polley, Ving Rhames, Jake Weber, and Mekhi Phifer.
A handful of human survivors living in a shopping mall located in the fictional town of Everett, Wisconsin, are surrounded by swarms of zombies.
Ty Burrell, Michael Kelly, Kevin Zegers, and Lindy Booth play supporting roles; the original's cast members Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Tom Savini appear in cameos.
The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 19, 2004, and grossed $102 million worldwide against a budget of $26 million.
After finishing a long shift as a nurse at the Milwaukee County Hospital, Ana returns to her suburban neighborhood and her husband Louis.
The next morning, a girl from the neighborhood enters and kills Louis, who immediately reanimates as a zombie and attacks Ana.
Kenneth and Andy start a friendship by way of messages written on a whiteboard; romance buds between Ana and Michael, and Nicole and Terry.
When the power goes out, a few of the survivors go to the parking garage to activate the emergency generator and find a friendly dog who is adopted by Nicole and named Chips.
The group decides to fight their way to the marina and travel on Steve's yacht to an island on Lake Michigan.
They reinforce two shuttle buses from the garage for it; welding on a snowplow, attaching metal bars and chains as well as stocking chainsaws, propane tanks and road flares.
To rescue Andy, the group straps supplies onto the dog, Chips, and lower him into the parking lot; the zombies have no interest in him.
Footage from a camcorder found on the boat shows the group runs out of supplies, arrives at an island and is attacked by a swarm of zombies.
A fan of the original film, Newman asked Strike Entertainment's Marc Abraham to produce the remake with him, to which Abraham agreed.
He and Abraham secured the rights to the film after it was handed over by Richard P. Rubinstein, the original's producer.
Principal photography lasted nearly three months, from June 9 to September 6, 2003, on location in various parts of Toronto, Canada.
Neskoromny researched malls that were scheduled to be demolished in such countries as Romania, Japan, and the United Kingdom, but yielded no results.
In Canada, however, the crew had located the defunct Thornhill Square shopping mall in Thornhill, Ontario, the area of which measured approximately , and eventually used this location.
The crew completely renovated the structure over an eight-week period; the remodeled mall included, among other things, an expensive water feature near the entrance, 14 individually designed stores, parking structures and warehouse areas.
Some of these names were references to the 1978 version; the upscale department store Gaylen Ross was named after its co-star Gaylen Ross, while Wooley's Diner echoes Jim Baffico's character role, Wooley.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes offers the film a 75% approval rating from 185 critics and an average rating of 6.7/10.
Many admirers of the original, as well as Romero himself, protested this change, feeling that it limited the impact of the undead.
This is somewhat borne out by the fact that the remake has almost no close-up shots of zombies that last more than a second or two.
Snyder mentions this in the commentary track of the remake's DVD, pointing out that they seem too human when the camera lingers upon them for longer.
Another big change from the original is that unlike Romero, Snyder treats zombification more like a disease, pointing to the bites as the source, instead of anyone who is dead turning into a zombie.
In the beginning of the film, a helicopter that is very similar to the one in the original flies across the screen.
Also according to Deborah Snyder, the film was set in Las Vegas, and the town had to be contained to stop the outbreak of zombies.
Netflix revived the project in 2019, and Snyder is set to direct, though it has not been identified as a sequel.
The Pacific temperate rainforests ecoregion of North America is the largest temperate rain forest ecoregion on the planet as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (other definitions exist).
The Pacific temperate rain forests lie along the western side of the Pacific Coast Ranges along the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America from the Prince William Sound in Alaska through the British Columbia Coast to Northern California, and are part of the Nearctic ecozone, as also defined by the World Wildlife Fund.
The Pacific temperate rain forests are characterized by a high amount of rainfall, in some areas more than per year and moderate temperatures in both the summer and winter months ().
These rain forests occur in a number of ecoregions, which vary in their species composition, but are predominantly of conifers, sometimes with an understory of broadleaf trees, ferns and shrubs.
In the WWF's system, sub-ecoregions of the Pacific Temperate Rain Forests Ecoregion are the Northern Pacific coastal forests, Haida Gwaii, British Columbia mainland coastal forests, Central Pacific coastal forests, Central and Southern Cascades forests, Klamath-Siskiyou forests, and Northern California coastal forests ecoregions.
Hardwood trees such as the bigleaf maple and the alder are also common, especially at lower elevations and along stream banks, and are vital to the ecosystem, in part because of their nitrogen fixing.
About 200 million years ago (during the Triassic and Jurassic periods), the landscape was dominated by conifers, which were the most diverse group of trees and constituted the greatest majority of large trees.
When flowering plants emerged (in the following Cretaceous period), they quickly prevailed, causing most conifers to become extinct, and those that survived to adapt to harsh conditions.
Perhaps the most significant difference in this change is that the primitive conifers invested their energy in the basic food supply for every seed, with no certainty of fertilization; by contrast, flowering plants create the food supply for a seed only after it is triggered by fertilization.
The Pacific temperate rain forest now remains the only region on Earth of noteworthy size and significance where, due to unique climatic conditions, the conifers flourish as they did before being displaced by flowering plants.
The northern Pacific temperate rain forests are relatively young, emerging in the past few thousand years following the retreat of the ice sheets of the last ice age.
The ecosystem of Pacific temperate rain forests is so productive that the biomass on the best sites is at least four times greater than that of any comparable area in the tropics.
In sheer mass of living and decaying material - trees, mosses, shrubs, and soil - these forests are more massive than any other ecosystem on the planet.
Unlike drier forests, which burn periodically, temperate rain forests are naturally subject to only small-scale disturbances, such as blow-downs and avalanches.
The first survey to systematically explore the forest canopy in the Carmanah Valley of Vancouver Island yielded 15,000 new species, a third of all invertebrates known to exist in all of Canada.
The rain forest exists in a complicated landscape of islands and fjords, and many species depend on both the forest and the ocean.
Black bears can still be found throughout the forest's range, while grizzlies are largely confined to areas north of the Canada–US border.
These forests have some of the largest concentrations of grizzly bears in the world, mainly due to the region's rich salmon streams.
Pacific temperate rain forests have been subject to ongoing large-scale industrial logging since the end of World War II, cutting over half of their total area.
Historically, the most common protocol has been to place protected areas in the mountains, leaving the valleys to the timber industry.
So while some very large areas are protected as parks and monuments, very little of the highest-value habitat has been protected, and much of it has already been cut.
In the Tongass National Forest, in the 1950s, in part to aid in Japanese recovery from World War II, the US Forest Service set up long term contracts with two pulp mills: the Ketchikan Pulp Company (KPC) and the Alaska Pulp Company (APC).
These contracts were for 50 years, and divided up the forest into areas slated for APC logs and areas slated for KPC logs.
These two companies conspired to drive log prices down, conspired to drive smaller logging operations out of business, and were major and recalcitrant polluters of their local areas.
These long term contracts guaranteed low prices to the pulp companies — in some cases resulting in trees being given away for less than the price of a hamburger.
Half a million acres (2,000 km) of the Tongass was selected by native corporations under the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.
In September 2006, a landmark court decision overturned President George W. Bush's repeal of the Roadless Rule, reverting to the 2001 roadless area protections established under President Clinton.
However, the Tongass was exempted from that ruling and it is unclear what the fate of its vast roadless areas will be.
Opera Software AS is a Norwegian software company, primarily known for its desktop Opera web browser, and its mobile counterpart Opera Mini.
The company has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway and also has offices in Sweden, Poland, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Russia, Ukraine, Iceland, Singapore, Taiwan and the United States.
The company changed ownership when Otello (at the time, Opera Software ASA) sold its web-browser and consumer businesses along with the Opera brand to a Chinese group of investors in 2016, with the deal completing in November of that year.
On July 27, 2018, Opera Software went public on the NASDAQ stock exchange, raising $115 million in its initial public offering.
In an attempt to capitalize on the emerging market for Internet-connected handheld devices, a project to port the Opera browser to more platforms was started in 1998.
Opera 4.0, released in 2000, included a new cross-platform core that facilitated creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.
Up to this point, the Opera browser was trialware and had to be purchased after the trial period ended, however this ended with version 5.0, released in 2000.
Instead, Opera became ad-sponsored, displaying advertisements to users without a license, which was commonly criticized as a barrier to gaining market share.
In newer versions, the user was allowed a choice of generic graphical banners or text-based targeted advertisements provided by Google based upon the page being viewed.
On 12 January 2005, Opera Software announced that it would offer free licenses to higher education institutions — a change from the previous cost of US$1,000 for unlimited licenses.
Schools that opted for the free license included Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, University of Oxford, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Duke University.
With version 8.5 (released in 2005) the advertisements were removed entirely and primary financial support came through revenue from Google (Opera's default search engine).
In August 2005, the company introduced Opera Mini, a new Java ME based web browser for mobile phones originally marketed not to end users but to mobile network operators to pre-load on phones or offer for their subscribers.
In 2007, Opera filed a complaint against Microsoft in the European Commission, alleging that bundling Internet Explorer with Microsoft Windows is harmful to both the consumer and to other web browser companies.
From Version 15 on the Opera browser for computers would be using the Blink rendering engine, a fork of Webkit developed together with Google.
In March 2015 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Opera won Global Mobile Award of Best Mobile Product, Initiative or Service in Emerging Markets for Opera Web Pass and Sponsored Web Pass.
On April 12, Opera TV AS (now Vewd Software AS) was established to separate TV-related business from all other assets, which became part of Opera Software AS; both companies became wholly owned subsidiaries of Opera Software ASA (now Otello).
On 10 February 2016, a group of Chinese investors offered US$1.2 billion ($8.31 per share) to buy Opera Software ASA, though the deal reportedly did not meet regulatory approval.
The transaction for sale of Opera's consumer business was approved on 31 October 2016 by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.
In January 2017, the company introduced Opera Neon, a new concept browser that is intended as an exploration of browser design alternatives.
In February 2018, after previously announcing that the service and app would be shut down, the Opera Max app, a VPN based mobile data compression service, was sold to Samsung.
He was brought up in Halifax, Nova Scotia, went to boarding school at Rothesay Collegiate School and Upper Canada College, then attended Dalhousie University and later graduated from Carleton University in Ottawa in 1955.
MacNeil began working in the news field at ITV in London, then for Reuters, and then for NBC News as a correspondent in Washington, D.C. and New York City.
After shots rang out in Dealey Plaza, MacNeil, who was with the presidential motorcade, followed crowds running onto the Grassy Knoll (he appears in a photo taken just moments after the assassination).
On the phone, MacNeil relayed the first report of the shooting to Jim Holton of NBC Radio, who recorded MacNeil's account of what had happened.
MacNeil then headed to Parkland Hospital where he arranged a phone connection with Frank McGee, who was anchoring continuous coverage with Bill Ryan and Chet Huntley from NBC-TV in New York.
At approximately 1:40 pm CST, MacNeil relayed to McGee that White House acting press secretary Malcolm Kilduff had made the official announcement that President Kennedy had died at 1:00 CST.
MacNeil rose to fame during his coverage of the 1973 Senate Watergate hearings with PBS, for which he later received an Emmy Award.
On September 11, 2001, after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Arlington County, Virginia, MacNeil called PBS and offered to help.
He joined PBS in its coverage of the attacks and their aftermath, interviewing reporters and giving his thoughts on the events of 9/11.
The Buick Riviera is a personal luxury car that was marketed by Buick from 1963 to 1999, with the exception of the 1994 model year.
As General Motors' first entry into the personal luxury car market segment, the Riviera was highly praised by automotive journalists upon its high-profile debut.
The ground-up design that debuted for 1963 was also Buick's first unique Riviera model, and it pioneered the GM E platform.
Unlike its subsequent GM E platform stablemates, the Oldsmobile Toronado and Cadillac Eldorado, the Riviera was initially a standard front engine/rear-wheel drive platform, only switching to front-wheel drive starting for 1979.
The Buick Roadmaster Riviera coupe (along with the Cadillac Coupe de Ville and Oldsmobile 98 Holiday coupe) constituted the first mass production use of this body style, which was to become extremely popular over the next 30 years.
Buick added a two-door Riviera hardtop to the Super the following year, the Special in 1951 and the Century upon its return, after a 12-year absence, in 1954.
The 1951–53 Buick Roadmaster and Super four-door Riviera sedans feature more standard features, more plush interior trim and, most significantly, a wheelbase (and overall length) that is longer than a regular Buick Roadmaster or Super four-door sedan.
The 1951–52 Buick Super four-door Riviera sedan is still shorter in wheelbase and length than the regular Buick Roadmaster and shorter than the Roadmaster four-door Riviera sedan.
In 1953, with the move from the Fireball straight-eight to the more compact Nailhead V8 engine, the Roadmaster and Super four-door Riviera sedans became the same length.
However, since it was a body style designation and not a model, the Riviera name does not usually appear on the car.
From then until 1962 it only was used to denote a premium trimmed six-window hardtop style which it initially shared exclusively with Cadillac (the Oldsmobile 98 would receive it in 1961) and was available only on the Electra 225.
In the late 1950s, GM lacked a personal luxury car to compete with the highly successful Ford Thunderbird—a uniquely styled, two-door that had dramatically increased in popularity when expanded from a two-seater to a four-passenger car.
Its angular look was reportedly inspired by GM styling chief Bill Mitchell's visit to London during the period, when he was struck by the sight of a custom-bodied Rolls Royce.
Buick, desperate to revive its flagging sales, won the competition by enlisting the aid of the McCann-Erickson advertising agency to create its presentation.
The production Riviera was introduced on October 4, 1962, as a 1963 model, its distinctive bodyshell was unique to the marque, unusual for a GM product.
Its wheelbase of and overall length of were and shorter, respectively, than a Buick LeSabre, but slightly longer than a contemporary Thunderbird.
It shared the standard Buick V8 engines, with a displacement of either or , and the unique continuously variable design twin turbine automatic transmission.
The Riviera's suspension used Buick's standard design, with double wishbones up front and a live axle located by trailing arms and a lateral track bar in the rear, but the roll centers were lowered to reduce body lean.
While still biased towards understeer, contemporary testers considered it one of the most driveable American cars, with an excellent balance of comfort and agility.
Total production was deliberately limited to 40,000 vehicles (in a year that Buick sold 440,000 units overall) to emphasize the Riviera's exclusivity and to increase demand; only 2,601 were delivered with the delayed availability larger engine in the 1963 model year.
Extra-cost options included a tilt steering wheel, power windows, power driver's seat, air conditioning, a remote-controlled side view mirror, and white sidewall tires.
The interior is distinguished by moving the heater controls from controls under the dashboard eyebrow to slide controls in the forward fairing of the center console.
Externally, the headlamps, now vertically arranged, were hidden behind clamshell doors in the leading edges of each fender, as had been in the original design.
The non-functional side scoops between the doors and rear wheel arches were removed, and the taillights moved from the body into the rear bumper.
A vinyl roof became available as an option, initially offered only in black, and the tilt steering wheel optional in previous years was now standard equipment.
The Riviera was extremely well received from all quarters and considered a great success, giving the Thunderbird its first real competition as America's preeminent personal luxury car.
At its debut at the Paris Auto Show, Raymond Loewy said the Riviera was the handsomest American production car—apart from his own Studebaker Avanti, in his view the Riviera's only real competition for 1963.
The new front wheel drive Oldsmobile Toronado shared the Riviera platform, and, a year later, the also front wheel drive Cadillac Eldorado; however, the Riviera itself retained the rear wheel drive layout.
Inside, the four-place cabin with front and rear bucket seats and center console was replaced by a choice of bucket seats or conventional bench seats as standard equipment, making the Riviera a full six-passenger car for the first time.
Powerful disc brakes with Bendix four-piston calipers became optional for the front wheels but most Riviera continued to be ordered with Buick's highly capable ribbed aluminum brake drums.
Cosmetically, changes were few, and were limited to the addition of a wide, full-width, center-mounted horizontal chrome grille bar that stretched over the headlight doors and outboard parking lights.
1967 saw the introduction of U.S. mandated safety equipment to improve occupant protection during a crash, including an energy-absorbing steering column, non-protruding control knobs, 4-way hazard flasher, soft interior surfaces, locking seat backs (on 2-door models), a dual-circuit hydraulic braking system (with warning light), and shoulder belt anchors.
Federally mandated side marker lights appeared, as inverted trapezoids on the lower leading edges of the front fenders, and circular in the rear.
Minor styling changes took place again in 1969, with grilles gaining a pattern of finely spaced, slim vertical bars overlaid by two wider horizontal bars, which jutted forward at their inboard edges.
The ignition switch was moved from the instrument panel to the steering column, and locked the steering wheel and selector lever when the key was removed (a security feature which became mandatory for the 1970 model year).
Exposed quad headlamps were nearly flush-mounted, while the new front bumper wrapped around and over the new vertical bar grille, set between the headlamp pods.
The engine was upgraded to , the largest engine Buick offered to date, rated at gross, net, and over of torque.
Despite the fact that 1970 sales dropped to 37,366, the second-generation Riviera proved more successful than the first, with 227,669 units sold over five the years.
Designed under Bill Mitchell's direction, it was penned by Jerry Hirshberg, future head of design for Nissan, mating the two-piece vee-butted fastback rear window, inspired by the 1963 Corvette Sting Ray split window coupe, to the Riviera's platform.
The design was originally intended for the smaller GM A platform (which Buick eventually assigned to the Century and Regal in 1973), and the use of the Riviera's body—expanded for 1971 by in wheelbase and more than heavier—produced controversial looks, which made it a sharp departure from those of the Toronado and Eldorado.
The 455 engine had a lower compression ratio to meet EPA emissions requirements, reducing power to , with in the Gran Sport.
Performance remained reasonably brisk, with a 0–60 time of 8.1 seconds for the GS, but the Riviera's sporty image was rapidly fading.
The 1972 Riviera was little changed, with the 455 engine switching to net power ratings, or with the Gran Sport, although the actual drop in net power was only .
For 1973, the engine became standard, with with the Stage One package, which also included a limited slip differential and a chrome-plated air cleaner.
Sluggish sales of the third generation Riviera led GM to believe that the boattail deck lid was too radical for most customers' tastes, so in 1973 it was blunted and made slightly shorter.
This turned the car from a hardtop coupe into a pillared coupe, as it featured wide B pillars and fixed quarter opera windows.
Thus modified, the car looked far less distinctive than its predecessors, and even its platform mates, the Oldsmobile Toronado and Cadillac Eldorado.
The tamer-looking Riviera was no lighter, and its standard 455 V8 lost more power, dropping to and for standard and Stage One models, respectively.
This generation introduced as a novelty what later became a federal mandate in a modified form, two high-mounted taillights above the trunk and below the rear window, which was shared on its platform twin the Toronado.
For 1975, the Riviera received an updated front fascia, which lost its forward-jutting theme through the redesign of the fiberglass front end cap.
While the other E-bodies were front wheel drive since 1966 (1967 for Cadillac's Eldorado), the Buick E platform used a rear-wheel-drive B-body undercarriage (along with the cruciform frame of pre-1965 GMs for the 1966–70 generation).
All B-bodies (including C and D platform GM RWDs) were downsized for the 1977 model year which prompted the short-lived 1977/78 generation.
Sales were up modestly to 26,138 for 1977 and then fell to 20,535 for 1978, although this was strictly a stopgap model until the all-new E-body cars would be ready for 1979.
To date, 1977 and 1978 Rivieras are considered a rare find since it was only produced for two model years on the downsized GM B platform before the 1979 redesign on the FWD E-platform (there are two reasons why the B-platform was used—the existing 1976 B-platform was phased out for the downsized variant where RWD E-platform vehicles were produced on the B-chassis.
Buick could have continued production although the frame stamping facilities and undercarriage/chassis components were being retooled in late 1976 for downsized B-platform production where the FWD E-platform did not downsize since they were produced on a separate assembly line.
Production total was 2,889 and included special silver & black paint with gray leather seats with black trim, four-way disc brakes, brushed chrome trim, deep pile carpeting and special LXXV name plates.
The 1979 model year was the debut of the first front wheel drive Riviera, which was also the first front-drive production model in Buick history.
The Olds 403 and Buick 350 were dropped, but the Olds 350 remained, as did a new turbocharged Buick V6 of displacement with .
1981 saw the Turbo renamed T-Type and the demise of the 350 engine in favor of the Oldsmobile-built with (phased in during the 1980 MY).
The standard engine was now Buick's V6, and a new option was an Oldsmobile diesel engine with a mere offered through 1985.
The Riviera convertible was available in only two color choices-white or red firemist with the only interior color of red leather.
Most convertible Rivieras had the V8 engine, which saw an increase in rated SAE net HP to 150 for both convertibles and coupes fitted with it from 1982 through the 1985 model year.
The E-body coupes were converted to unibody construction and further downsized for 1986 to a wheelbase similar in length to that of the Buick Regal.
The CRT controlled the vehicle's climate control system and stereo, and also supplied advanced instrumentation such as a trip computer and maintenance reminder feature.
Fuel economy was notably improved for the 1986 Riviera, but the investment in the downsized, transverse engine front wheel drive platform resulted in a substantial price increase, to $19,831 to the base model and $21,577 for the new T-Type.
The smaller dimensions, generic styling, and lack of a V8 led to sales plummeting to 22,138 for 1986, only 15,223 for 1987, and a dismal 8,625 for 1988.
A restyle for 1989 that added to the overall length (on an unchanged wheelbase) helped, but only incrementally, boosting sales to 21,189 for 1989, but dropping to a low of 4,555 for 1993, the abbreviated final model year of that model.
After a hiatus in 1994, the Riviera returned in 1995 with radical styling that departed from the previous generations' traditional image.
In 1996, supercharged versions saw an increase in power to and 280 lb·ft (380 N·m), as well as the 4T60E-HD transmission.
The supercharged OHV V6 gave impressive torque and acceleration, pushing the car from 0 to in under 7 seconds, and turning the mile in 15.5 seconds.
A concept Riviera was also shown at the 2013 Shanghai Motor Show, again developed by the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center PATAC.
It has gull-wing doors and a plug-in electric driveline as well as four wheel steering, electromagnetically controlled suspension with air springs, built in 4G LTE connection, transparent A pillar and wireless charging.
In biochemistry, the Lineweaver–Burk plot (or double reciprocal plot) is a graphical representation of the Lineweaver–Burk equation of enzyme kinetics, described by Hans Lineweaver and Dean Burk in 1934.
Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders becoming the Emperor's chief aides.
Under Constantine I, the office was much reduced in power and transformed into a purely civilian administrative post, while under his successors, territorially-defined praetorian prefectures emerged as the highest-level administrative division of the Empire.
In this role, praetorian prefects continued to be appointed by the Eastern Roman Empire (and the Ostrogothic Kingdom) until the reign of Heraclius in the 7th century AD, when wide-ranging reforms reduced their power and converted them to mere overseers of provincial administration.
Under the empire the praetorians or imperial guards were commanded by one, two, or even three praefects (praefecti praetorio), who were chosen by the emperor from among the equites and held office at his pleasure.
From the time of Alexander Severus the post was open to senators also, and if an equestrian was appointed he was at the same time raised to the senate.
Down to the time of Constantine, who deprived the office of its military character, the prefecture of the guards was regularly held by tried soldiers, often by men who had fought their way up from the ranks.
The emperors tried to flatter and control the praetorians, but they staged many coups d'état and contributed to a rapid rate of turnover in the imperial succession.
The praetorian prefect became a major administrative figure in the later empire, when the post combined in one individual the duties of an imperial chief of staff with direct command over the guard also.
Diocletian greatly reduced the power of these prefects as part of his sweeping reform of the empire's administrative and military structures.
In addition to his military functions, the praetorian prefect came to acquire jurisdiction over criminal affairs, which he exercised not as the delegate but as the representative of the emperor.
He ceased to be head of administration which had to be shared with the master of the offices attached to the palace.
Hence a knowledge of law became a qualification for the post, which under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, but especially from the time of Severus, was held by the first jurists of the age, (e.g.
The tetrarchy reform of Diocletian (c. 296) multiplied the office: there was a praetorian prefect as chief of staff (military and administrative)—rather than commander of the guard—for each of the two Augusti, but not for the two Caesars.
Each praetorian prefect oversaw one of the four quarters created by Diocletian, which became regional praetorian prefectures for the young sons of Constantine ca 330 A.D. From 395 there two imperial courts, at Rome (later Ravenna) and Constantinople, but the four prefectures remained as the highest level of administrative division, in charge of several dioceses (groups of Roman provinces), each of which was headed by a Vicarius.
Under Constantine I, the institution of the magister militum deprived the praetorian prefecture altogether of its military character but left it the highest civil office of the empire.
The office was among the many maintained after the Western Roman Empire had succumbed to the Germanic invasion in Italy, notably at the royal court of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great, who as a nominal subject of Constantinople retained the Roman-era administration intact.
The following is a list of all known prefects of the Praetorian Guard, from the establishment of the post in 2 BC by Augustus until the abolishment of the Guard in 314.
The list is presumed to be incomplete due to the lack of sources documenting the exact number of persons who held the post, what their names were and what the length of their tenure was.
Likewise, the Praetorians were sometimes commanded by a single prefect, as was the case with for example Sejanus or Burrus, but more often, the emperor appointed two commanders, who shared joint leadership.
Holmes is consulted by a young lady, a companion to an older woman, about the eccentric behavior of a young man she has met.
Holmes must travel to a distant seaport to gather information to resolve a horrible, terrorist scheme and solve the mystery of the aberrant behavior.
Sherlock Holmes had been leaning back in his chair with his eyes closed, and his head sunk into a cushion, but now he half opened his lids.
The THSR 700T () is the high-speed electric multiple unit trainset derived from the Japanese Shinkansen family for Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR), Taiwan's high-speed rail line.
The trains were manufactured in Japan by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Nippon Sharyo, and Hitachi, Ltd., marking the first time Japanese Shinkansen trains have been exported overseas.
30 trains were delivered to THSR operator Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC), and are in regular service with a top speed of since the line's opening on January 5, 2007.
THSRC's bid was based on the high-speed technology platform of Eurotrain, a joint venture of GEC-Alsthom, the main maker of the French TGV, and Siemens, the main maker of the German ICE.
Following an offer from the Japanese government to provide cheap loans to THSRC if it switches to Shinkansen technology, in spite of an earlier agreement with Eurotrain, THSRC decided to re-tender the core systems technology contract June 1999.
While TSC's original offer in CHSRC's 1997 bid for the BOT franchise was based on the 500 Series Shinkansen, its bid for THSRC's 1999 tender was based on the newer 700 Series Shinkansen.
THSRC maintained its European specifications, thus, the trains had had to be designed for and commissioned according to European specifications, too.
Running tests started on the THSR high speed line on January 27, 2005, after four months of delays, on the Tainan–Kaohsiung section.
In November 2008, THSRC announced that the company considers ordering an additional six to twelve trains from the Japanese makers for service starting in 2011, in order to cope with increased demand that was expected by that time.
In May 2012 an order was placed with Kawasaki Heavy Industries (structural and mechanical parts) and Toshiba (electrical and electromechanical parts) for four 12 car trains, at an estimated cost of 19 billion Japanese yen, the trains are to be delivered between December 2012 and 2015 with options for extra sets.
The THSR 700T series is based on the 700 Series Shinkansen operated by JR Central and JR West on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and San'yō Shinkansen in Japan.
Also for operation, a number of features were derived from the 500 Series Shinkansen, such as the bogies, or the T-shaped and aerodynamically optimised pantographs for reduced noise emission atop cars 4 and 9.
Like the 700 Series Shinkansen, a 700T trainset is made of 4-car sub-sets, each with three motor cars and one trailer, albeit a full train is a 12-car set, rather than a 16-car, or 8-car set.
Due to the European safety requirements adapted by THSRC, the trains were equipped with a number of additional safety features compared to Shinkansen trains in Japan.
The ATC system was augmented with cruise control and station stopping control and was also made suitable for bi-directional operation, and there is a driver vigilance device.
Bogies were fitted with an instability detection system, and pantographs with a system that automatically lowers the rear pantograph if it detects a failure of the leading pantograph.
For enhanced fire safety, fireproof and smokeproof materials were selected for the interior, which was configured with fire barriers, and the trains were equipped with fire and smoke detectors and a battery supplied emergency ventilation system.
Passenger doors can be operated from any car, not just from the driver's cab, and are equipped with an obstacle detection system that can abort the closing of the door.
In addition, the train is equipped with emergency escape windows, which can be broken with hammers for use as emergency exits.
Additional changes were made to the HVAC systems to account for Taiwan's warmer climates, such as higher strength and wear specifications of certain components, and a more powerful air conditioning system.
As with other Shinkansen types, both end cars are trailers and braking power is reduced on the end cars, to avoid slip on powered bogies.
The shorter nose, and the lack of a sliding window and an extra door for the driver provided for more space for passengers.
One end of car 7 features four wheelchair accessible seats, also provide for the fastening of wheelchairs, and there are two foldable wheelchairs.
The toilet next to the handicapped area was built to be accessible by wheelchair, with automatic sliding doors, wider space to allow a wheelchair to turn around, and handrails.
The train has no restaurant or bar, but was equipped with vending machines, while Business Car passengers also get seat service.
The per capita energy consumption of a fully loaded 700T train is 16% of private cars and half of buses, carbon dioxide emissions are 11% and a fourth, respectively.
During the 2010 Kaohsiung earthquake on March 4, 2010, the wheels of one bogie of a train came off the rails during emergency braking, but there were no injuries and the train arrived at the next station after one hour of repairs.
In November 2010, following complaints when waiting lines formed at the toilets, THSRC changed the gender assignment of the toilets in the 700T trains.
In the original configuration, in each car with toilets, there was a men's toilet with urinal and two unisex toilets; one of the latter was reassigned as women's toilet.
The software was released on the PlayStation 3 system in Asia (Hong Kong, Taiwan, & Singapore) on July 12, 2007, and in Japan on November 1, 2007.
He has managed or championed acts such as The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, My Bloody Valentine, Oasis, and The Libertines.
He was also the lead singer and guitarist for the indie pop group Biff Bang Pow!, who were active from 1983 to 1991.
After the breakup of The Drains, McGee and Innes moved to London and formed the band The Laughing Apple with Mark Jardim, a drummer from Croydon.
They recorded three singles in 1981 and 1982, two of which were released on Autonomy, and the third was put out on their own Essential record label.
In 1983, quitting his job at British Rail, he co-founded Creation Records (named after cult 1960s band The Creation) with Dick Green and Joe Foster.
He also began managing then-unknown The Jesus and Mary Chain, whose first single was issued on McGee's label in November 1984.
Creation Records was one of the key labels in the mid-80s indie movement, with early releases featuring artists such as Primal Scream, The Jasmine Minks, and The Loft.
When The Jesus And Mary Chain moved to Warner Brothers in 1985, Creation was able to use McGee's profits as their manager to release singles by acts including Primal Scream, Felt, and The Weather Prophets.
While these records were not commercially successful, McGee's enthusiasm and ability to promote Creation releases in the weekly music media ensured a healthy following.
Following an unsuccessful attempt to run an offshoot label for Warner Brothers, McGee regrouped Creation and immersed himself in the burgeoning dance and acid house scene, the legacy of which saw him release era-defining albums from Creation mainstays Primal Scream and new arrivals like My Bloody Valentine and Teenage Fanclub.
During this time Creation had run up considerable debts, which forced McGee to sell half of the label to Sony Music in 1992.
At the point it seemed Creation would collapse into receivership, the recently signed Manchester band Oasis began selling albums in huge quantities, as one of the leading lights of the Britpop movement of the mid-1990s.
This brought McGee substantial exposure, and his position was noted by the revitalized Labour Party, who considered him a figurehead of youth culture and courted his influence to spearhead a media campaign prior to the 1997 General Election.
While Oasis went on to sell nearly 54 million records by 2008, Creation continued issuing albums by other artists, none of which came near the success of the Manchester band.
McGee closed Creation Records for good, selling the rest of the shares to Sony in 2000 for an overall price that was staggered through the 1990s of around $30,000,000 (USD).
Following Creation's closure, McGee became a property developer, buying houses, flats, a farm in Wales and even an office block in Primrose Hill.
Death Disco had appearances from The Libertines, The Killers, BRMC, Kaiser Chiefs, Glasvegas, Razorlight, The Hives, Kasabian, The Darkness, Neils Children and The Foxes among others.
After he sold Creation Records to Sony, he continued to publish songs by label acts such as Oasis, Primal Scream, My Bloody Valentine, Swervedriver, Teenage Fanclub, Eugene Kelly of The Vaselines, under Creation Songs.
In 2007, McGee was made a Companion of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, in recognition of the work that he has carried out with students.
In October 2012, McGee stated that he was going help curate the Japanese rock festival Tokyo Rocks in 2013 and through working with Tokyo Rocks had become interested in starting up an as yet unnamed record label in 2013.
McGee announced in May 2014 he had restarted Creation Management with Simon Fletcher and signed The Jesus and Mary Chain as his first clients.
The roster has rapidly expanded to include Wilko Johnson, Happy Mondays, Black Grape, Cast, Glasvegas, The Bluetones, and Shaun William Ryder solo projects.
The label's first release was from North Essex group Rubber Jaw.The label has had three top 10 records in the 7inch vinyl charts to date.
One of McGee's last acts as Creation Records boss was to use £20,000 of Creation's money to fund Malcolm McLaren's campaign to run for Mayor of London.
McGee's autobiography was optioned by Burning Wheel Productions and has been adapted into a film screenplay by Irvine Welsh and Dean Cavanagh, due to be introduced at the next Cannes Film Festival.
In February 2012, McGee announced in the Huffington Post that he had started a new film company with writer/director Dean Cavanagh, who still works with Irvine Welsh, called Escalier 39.
He has said he has no idea how many drugs he was taking at this point, but that he can't remember anything of the year 1993 other than the signing of Oasis.
He added that Oasis were 'cool' about his cleaning up, but that his sober state made his relationship with Primal Scream difficult.
Due to McGee's former long-term drug habit, he had been estranged from his first wife and had not seen his son since he was a baby.
Since 1998, McGee has been married to Kate Holmes, of the band Client and formerly of Frazier Chorus and Technique, who now runs the fashion label Client London.
Sir Robert Thorburn (March 28, 1836 – April 12, 1906) was a Newfoundland merchant and politician who served as the colony's Premier from 1885 to 1889.
From 1870 to 1885 and again from 1893 to 1906 he was a member of the colony's appointed Legislative Council, the Upper House of Newfoundland's parliament.
Thorburn was an opponent of Sir William Whiteway's plans to build a cross-Newfoundland railway as a means of diversifying and industrialising the economy.
Traditionally, Newfoundland politics had been divided along sectarian lines with Catholics supporting the Liberals and Protestants supporting the Conservative Party of Newfoundland.
Whiteway, however, who had been elected as a Conservative with the support of Protestants had lost the support of much of the business community with his support of the railway over the fishery and reached out to the Catholic Liberals In order to stay in power creating a cross denominational coalition.
The Harbour Grace Affray, an 1883 sectarian melee between Irish Catholics of Riverhead and the Southside of Harbour Grace who confronted a parade of Orangemen.
In power, Thorburn's government turned away from the sectarian agenda that had brought it to power and implemented Thorburn's real agenda, the rejection of the railway plan and focussing on developing the economy along the fishers.
An economic downturn was exacerbated by the colony's one industry economy forcing Thorburn to belatedly reverse himself and implement a public works agenda.
It was too late, however, and Thorburn was defeated in 1889 by Whiteway and his new Liberal Party which had been created to promote the railway plan.
The Reform Party collapsed and a new Tory Party emerged from its ashes but was only able to hold power twice for brief periods before disappearing.
The Adventure of the Red Widow is a short Sherlock Holmes murder mystery by Adrian Conan Doyle, the youngest son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the Sherlock Holmes creator.
The crime scene remains undisturbed, indicating that the lord of the manor has been decapitated by the guillotine in his own museum.
Then, having disposed of his opponent, the murderer rides into the night, a suit–case under one arm and his victim's head under the other.
Kamaal Ibn John Fareed (born Jonathan William Davis; April 10, 1970), better known by his stage name Q-Tip, is an American rapper, record producer, singer, actor and DJ.
Nicknamed The Abstract, he is noted for his innovative jazz-influenced style of hip hop production and his philosophical, esoteric and introspective lyrical themes.
He embarked on his music career in the late 1980s, as an MC and main producer of the influential alternative hip hop group A Tribe Called Quest.
In 2016, Q-Tip was named the artistic director for hip hop culture at the Kennedy Center, and in 2018, he became the instructor of a jazz and hip hop course at New York University's Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music.
He was also inspired by his father's extensive jazz record collection, and at age 12, he began to DJ and make pause tapes.
Q-Tip attended Murry Bergtraum High School in Manhattan, where he first met his friends Ali Shaheed Muhammad, Afrika Baby Bam and Mike Gee, with the latter two forming the hip hop group Jungle Brothers.
In 1985, he and Muhammad formed an MC and DJ duo, and using recording equipment provided by Muhammad's uncle, they began making demos.
They were later joined by Phife Dawg, who also rapped, and neighborhood friend Jarobi White; collectively, they were known as Quest.
That year, the two groups met the like-minded group De La Soul, with the three groups forming the core of the Native Tongues collective, known for their Afrocentrism, positivity and eclectic sampling.
In 1989, A Tribe Called Quest signed with Jive Records after being rejected by several labels, due to their unconventional image and sound.
Q-Tip helped Lee recruit three Brooklyn MCs for the song: Special Ed, Masta Ace and Buckshot, who formed the group Crooklyn Dodgers.
During that year's Lollapalooza, keyboardist Amp Fiddler introduced Q-Tip to young Detroit producer Jay Dee, who gave Q-Tip a demo tape of his group Slum Village.
By 1995, Q-Tip, Jay Dee and Muhammad formed a production team, known as The Ummah, in which each member produced songs individually and received a songwriting credit for their work.
Much of the album's lyrical themes were inspired by Q-Tip's recent conversion to Islam, however, his relationship with Phife Dawg became strained, negatively affecting their lyrical chemistry.
In early 1998, a fire occurred at Q-Tip's home recording studio, completely destroying it; among the items destroyed in the blaze were his entire record collection, consisting of nearly 20,000 vinyl records, and a computer containing many unreleased songs.
Produced by The Ummah, the album explored the lyrical theme of love, however, A Tribe Called Quest disbanded a month before the album's release.
Originally slated for release in October 2001, the release date was pushed to April 2002, before Arista record executives decided not to release it, doubting its commercial potential.
Jay Dee, who later went by the name J Dilla, died of the blood disease TTP in February 2006, with Q-Tip serving as a pallbearer at his funeral.
In 2013, Q-Tip announced that A Tribe Called Quest would perform their last show, as an opening act for West's Yeezus Tour.
In March 2016, Q-Tip was appointed as the Kennedy Center's first artistic director for hip-hop culture, curating a series of hip-hop programs for the performing arts center.
Later that year, he joined the faculty of New York University's Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music, where he began teaching a course that explores the connection between jazz and hip hop.
In 2019, Q-Tip revealed that he was working on three solo albums, as well as projects by Mary J. Blige and Danny Brown.
Two decades after his house fire, he has since rebuilt his record collection; as of 2016, it now consists of about 9,000 vinyl records.
As an MC, Q-Tip is noted for his philosophical, esoteric and introspective lyricism, often putting socially conscious messages in his lyrics.
The Great Ape Project (GAP), founded in 1993, is an international organization of primatologists, anthropologists, ethicists, and others who advocate a United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Great Apes that would confer basic legal rights on non-human great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans.
Once rights are established, GAP would demand the release of great apes from captivity; currently 3,100 are held in the U.S., including 1,280 in biomedical research facilities.
The book of the same name, edited by philosophers Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, features contributions from thirty-four authors, including Jane Goodall and Richard Dawkins, who have submitted articles voicing their support for the project.
If great apes also display such attributes, the authors argue, they deserve the same consideration humans extend to members of their own species.
The book highlights findings that support the capacity of great apes to possess rationality and self-consciousness, and the ability to be aware of themselves as distinct entities with a past and future.
Other subjects addressed within the book include the division placed between humans and great apes, great apes as persons, progress in gaining rights for the severely intellectually disabled (once an overlooked minority), and the situation of great apes in the world today.
Because the antibodies do not elicit immune responses in chimpanzees, they persist in the blood as they do in humans, and their effects can be evaluated.
Monoclonal antibody treatments are being developed for cancer; autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease; and asthma.
Chimpanzees also possess unique advantages in evaluating new Hepatitis B and C vaccines, and treatments for malaria, again because of the similarity in their response to these antigens to humans.
The declaration seeks to extend to non-human great apes the protection of three basic interests: the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture.
The declaration states that members of the community of equals, which includes humans, have an essential right to life and may not be killed except in certain strictly defined circumstances such as self-defense.
The declaration states that members of the community of equals are not to be deprived of their liberty, and are entitled to immediate release where there has been no form of due process.
Under the proposed declaration, the detention of great apes who have not been convicted of any crime or who are not criminally liable should be permitted only where it can be shown that the detention is in their own interests or is necessary to protect the public.
The declaration prohibits the torture, defined as the deliberate infliction of severe pain, on any great ape, whether wantonly or because of a perceived benefit to others.
Blakemore suggests that it would be necessary to perform research on great apes if humans were threatened by a pandemic virus that afflicted only humans and other great apes.
A study commissioned by the National Institute of Health (NIH) and conducted by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded in a report (see report brief) released on December 15, 2011 that ‘while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in past research, most current use of chimpanzees for biomedical research is unnecessary’.
The primary recommendation is that the use of chimpanzees in research be guided by a set of principles and criteria, in effect to greatly limit government-funded research using chimpanzees.
Falling short of calling for the out-right ban of using chimpanzees for research, the report acknowledged that new emerging, or re-emerging diseases may require the use of chimpanzees, echoing Professor Colin Blakemore's concern.
Francis Collins, Director of NIH announced on the same day the report was released that he accepted the recommendations and will develop the implementation plan which includes the forming of an expert committee to review all submitted grant applications and projects already underway involving the use of chimpanzees.
NIH owns about 500 chimpanzees for research, this move signifies the first step to wind down NIH's investment in chimpanzee research, according to Francis Collins.
Currently housed at the New Iberia Research Center in Louisiana, 10 of the retired chimpanzees will go to the chimpanzee sanctuary Chimp Haven while the rest will go to Texas Biomedical Research Institute in San Antonio.
However concerns over the chimpanzee's status in the Texas Biomedical Research Institute as ‘research ineligible’ rather than ‘retired’ prompted NIH to reconsider the plan and it announced on 17 October 2012 that as many chimpanzees as possible will be relocated to Chimp Haven by August 2013 and eventually all 110 will move there.
On 22 January 2013, a NIH task force released a report calling for the government to retire most of the chimpanzees the U.S. government support.
The panel concluded that the animals provide little benefit in biomedical discoveries except in a few disease cases which can be supported by a small population of 50 primates for future research.
On 13 November 2013, the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate passed ‘The Chimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance and Protection Act’, approving the funding to expand the capacity of Chimp Haven and other chimpanzee sanctuaries, thus allowing the transfer of almost all of the apes owned by the federal government to live in a more natural and group environment than in the laboratory.
The transfer is expected to take five years when all but 50 chimpanzees, which will remain with the NIH, will be ‘retired’.
The Great Ape Project achieved quite some success, in its early years: New Zealand for instance completely banned invasive experiments on great apes in 1999 as did in 2007 the Balearic Islands, an autonomous region of the parliamentarian monarchy of Spain, deciding to implement certain fundamental rights for great apes in their code of law.
All hopes, that the achievements on the Balearic Islands would spark off further steps on the mainland of Spain and from there to other European countries, proofed to be futile: it was mainly due to the catholic church, still being very influential in Spain, that any further progress was obstructed.
Great Ape Project Germany filed an official law initiative in spring of 2014, to have the aforesaid fundamental rights for great apes implemented into the constitutional law of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The goal was (and still is) to have the animal welfare law extended to specifically grant the great apes the rights needed, to give them the chance, to have legal guardians representing their interests.
In analogy to infants or of people suffering from dementia or Alzheimer disease, who cannot speak for themselves, legal guardians could file lawsuits against anyone violating the fundamental rights of the apes.
Once the great apes are adjudicated the fundamental rights, the Great Ape Project demands, zoos or circuses could be forced by law to improve the living conditions they are kept in to an acceptable level; they also could be sued to release the animals in case a better place for them is found.
The Rising is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Bruce Springsteen, released on July 30, 2002 on Columbia Records.
In addition to being Springsteen's first studio album in seven years, it was also his first with the E Street Band in 18 years.
Based in large part on Springsteen's reflections during the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the album predominantly centers upon themes of relationship struggles, existential crisis and social uplift.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 82, based on 21 reviews.
Christgau, the poll's creator and supervisor, ranked the title track as the year's tenth best single in his own list for the poll.
Track 1 - 4, 5 - 8, 9 - 11, 12 - 15 were recorded respectively on side A, side B, side C and side D (written on label as side 1, side 2, side 3 and side 4 respectively).
On February 6, 2015, Sapient became a fully owned division of French advertising giant Publicis, in a deal valued at $3.7bn (£2.3bn).
On November 17, 2016, Publicis.Sapient announced that SapientNitro was merged with sister agency Razorfish to form SapientRazorfish, which would be led by former SapientNitro CEO Alan Wexler.
On February 13, 2019, SapientRazorfish and Sapient Consulting were merged into one brand, Publicis Sapient, led by Nigel Vaz, who was appointed CEO on February 6, 2019.
The two founders, Jerry Greenberg and Stuart Moore, met at Cambridge Technology Partners, an IT services company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
During this period, Sapient was also an early adopter of internet-based technology, and internet-based work grew to over 70% of total revenue by 1999.
Both client satisfaction and the pioneering use of the internet led to rapid growth in the period from 1992 to 2000, with revenue growing from $950,000 in 1992 to $503 million in 2000.
After a period of contraction after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s, Sapient looked overseas to grow a substantial portion of revenue, rising over 30% in only 3 years.
As Sapient has sought to expand its business as a leader in an emerging market, the company has made several strategic acquisitions in its history.
Sapient's first high-profile acquisition was of Planning Group International (PGI) in 2006, which greatly expanded Sapient's experiential marketing and UX capabilities.
Over the next few years, growth picked up and the share price recovered accordingly, hitting a high of $17.95 in 2014.
Alfons Flisykowski (22 September 1902, Goręczyno – 5 October 1939, Danzig-Saspe) was a Polish worker of the Polish Post Office in the Free City of Danzig in the years 1923–1939 and a second commander (after Konrad Guderski) of the defence of the Post Office from the invading Nazi German forces when World War II started on 1 September 1939.
Denied the legitimate status of POW, he was put on trial (which was later found to be illegal), together with the other 37 captured post-office workers.
With the help of Dieter Schenk, a former worker of Interpol and the author of a book on the subject, the case was put into a verification trial.
As a result of these actions the Land Court in Lübeck made a decision, on 30 December 1996, that the previous verdict of 1939 sentencing Flisykowski to death was illegal.
Vassilis Leventis (, ; born 1951 in Messene, Messenia) is a Greek politician, leader of the Greek centrist party, Union of Centrists ().
Vassilis Leventis is the fourth child of Apostolos and Gregoria Leventis who were originally from Korakovouni, a small village in Arcadia.
The Leventis family moved to Piraeus where Vassilis Leventis graduated from high school and in 1969 he was admitted as the 6th highest-ranking candidate, to the Civil Engineering department of the National Technical University of Athens.
His first involvement with politics occurred in 1975 when, as an assistant of the then dean of the Athens Polytechnic University, Kyprianos Biris, he contributed in composing articles 21 and 24 of the Greek Constitution and also participated in forming the DEPOS project.
In 1984, he founded the first ecological party in Greece, which participated in the European Elections of the same year, gaining only 0.15% of the vote.
Leventis aimed to become part of the legacy of some great politicians of the past, such as Eleftherios Venizelos and Georgios Papandreou.
However, until 2015, the party's influence was marginal, with 1.79% of the total vote in the January 2015 Greek legislative election and no MPs being its highest achievement.
In the September 2015 Greek legislative election the party cleared the 3% hurdle for representation in the Greek Parliament with 9 MPs after it won 186,457 votes (3.43%).
He asserts that Greek politicians are in league with big business interests who control the mainstream media and as a result of this criticism he has been deliberately excluded from publicity, which in his opinion, is the factor that has caused his party to exist only in the margins of Greek politics.
His frequent use of expletives and his animated style of speaking have led him often to be the object of jokes at his expense, but have also elevated some snippets of his TV shows to cult status.
Leventis proposes the cutting of double and triple pensions, to cut the pensions of those who have an income of 3,000 euro from other sources, to fire the 1,500 officials of the Parliament and the public workers who do not do their job.
The Elsipogtog First Nation , formerly called the Big Cove Band, is a Miꞌkmaq First Nations band government in New Brunswick, Canada.
The First Nation's territory comprises Richibucto Reserve #15, lying southwest of Rexton, New Brunswick on the Richibucto River off of Route 116.
Chief Michael Augustine signed the Peace and Friendship Treaty with the British in 1761, on behalf of the Richibucto Tribe of Mi'kmaq.
It was also called Big Cove, Mesigig Oalnei, and currently known as Elsipogtog (Pacifique spelling), or L'sipuktuk (Francis-Smith variation) and Elsipogtog First Nation located in Weldford Parish, New Brunswick.
An inquest was held and one of the recommendations was the creation of a position at the school to help support the youth in the community.
This was due to the high youth suicide rate in Elsipogtog and the large percentage of their youth in the court system.
There is also a holistic approach Health and Wellness Centre which has clinical and physician services available, as well as home and community care services, mental health and addiction services.
In May 2013, members of Elsipogtog First Nation demonstrated their concern over the proposed shale-gas project and 2D seismic imaging done near their reserve by SWN Resources Canada, a subsidiary of Southwestern Energy Company.
Workers were on site to conduct seismic exploration that uses sound wave technology to create images of underground shale beds that might contain natural gas.
Throughout the Spring, Summer and Fall of 2013, protesters blocked SWN Resources Canada workers from accessing their seismic equipment.They blocked Route 116, 134, Hwy 11.
On July 24, 2013, a video was recorded of a First Nations protester strapping herself to bundles of Geophones and other equipment used by SWN Resources Canada for seismic testing on the site.
Shortly afterward, a sacred fire was lit and maintained by a 12-year-old boy who watched over the prayers of the people.
On October 1, 2013, a video was recorded of Elsipogtog First Nation Chief Arren James Sock delivering an eviction notice to SWN Resources Canada while dozens of protesters continued to block Route 134 in Rexton to prevent SWN Resources Canada from moving their exploration equipment.
On October 7, 2013, a video was recorded of Elsipogtog First Nation Chief Arren James Sock and New Brunswick Premier David Alward addressing the media regarding the blockage of the shale gas research and the injunction regarding the blockade.
On Thursday October 17, 2013, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police moved in to enforce a court injunction against a road blockade by shale-gas and fracking protesters.
The incident was made famous in a now-iconic photograph of activist Amanda Polchies kneeling before the police and holding an eagle feather.
William L. Mitchell (July 2, 1912 in Cleveland, Ohio – September 12, 1988 in Royal Oak, Michigan) was an American automobile designer.
Mitchell worked briefly as an advertising illustrator and as the official illustrator of the Automobile Racing Club of America before being recruited by Harley Earl to join the Art and Colour Section of General Motors in 1935.
Mitchell is responsible for creating or influencing the design of over 72.5 million automobiles produced by GM, including such landmark vehicles as the 1938 Cadillac Sixty Special, the 1949 Cadillac Coupe deVille, the 1955-57 Chevrolet Bel Air, the 1959-1984 Cadillac DeVille, the 1963-65 and 1966-67 Buick Riviera, the 1961-76 Corvette Stingray, the 1970-81 Chevrolet Camaro, the 1976-79 Cadillac Seville, and the 1980-85 Cadillac Seville.
Mitchell spent the entirety of his 42-year career in automobile design at General Motors, eventually becoming Vice President of Design, a position he held for 19 years until his retirement in 1977.
Mitchell attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and later studied at the Art Students' League in New York, New York.
After completing art school, Mitchell joined the New York City based Barron Collier Advertising where he prepared layouts and advertising illustrations, including U.S. advertisements for MG cars.
While working at the agency, Mitchell met brothers Barron Collier Jr., Miles Collier and Sam Collier, who had founded the Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA) (a forerunner of the Sports Car Club of America) in 1931.
Mitchell became the official illustrator of the club and his sketches for the club eventually came to the attention of Harley Earl, then head of General Motors Art and Colour Section.
Based on sketches Mitchell created as the official illustrator for the ARCA, Harley Earl recruited Mitchell to General Motors' then new Art and Colour Section on 15 December 1935.
In December 1958, Harley Earl reached GM's mandatory retirement age of 65 and thus retired from his position as chief stylist.
Mitchell set out to break with the styling cues used under Harley Earl, wanting to eliminate chrome excess, fat fins and similar signature marks.
An encounter with a shark, while skin diving in the Bahamas, inspired Mitchell's Corvette Shark show car, his Stingray racer and the production 1963 Corvette Stingray, largely designed by Larry Shinoda, under Mitchell's direction.
Mitchell's fondness for split rear windows as featured on the 1957 Buick and on the 1963 Corvette Stingray coupe was not shared by some of his fellow stylists or the buying public and both cars dropped the feature after public resistance.
Bill Mitchell died at the age of 76 from heart failure at William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan, on September 12, 1988.
His mother's sister, Nancy Tafoya, and their half-brother, Sean Furlong, obtained custody of him for several years, including 1990–91, when he began his acting career.
He was discovered for the part by casting director Mali Finn while visiting the Pasadena Boys and Girls Club in September 1990.
In 2019 he elaborated in an interview to have had a deal to reprise his role before being removed after producers of the movie found out about his drug addiction.
The film was planned for a theatrical release, but upon release was widely panned by critics and audiences and after one week in limited theatres, it was released to DVD in 2005.
On July 18, 2019, during a panel for the film at San Diego Comic-Con, James Cameron confirmed that Furlong would be returning to reprise his role of John Connor.
Jude Collie is his CGI stand-in as John Connor.. Furlong was involved in one day of filming for facial capture performance.
Starting in 1992, when he was 15 and she 28, Edward Furlong and his former stand-in and tutor, Jacqueline Domac, began a relationship that lasted for a few years.
When California's statutory rape law changed in 1994 to allow the prosecution of adult women who have sex with minors, Furlong's guardian, Sean Furlong, filed a complaint against Domac, but was unsuccessful in having her prosecuted.
She alleged in court documents that their baby son tested positive for cocaine, which led a judge to rule Furlong's visits had to be supervised.
He was also arraigned on an outstanding misdemeanor warrant in connection with a misdemeanor domestic violence charge involving the same victim on December 12.
Furlong was arrested again in May 2013 for assaulting his girlfriend and avoided a further prison sentence after agreeing to five years’ probation, going to rehab for drug addiction for 90 days, and to undergo 52 weeks of domestic violence counselling.
In January 1777, delegates from 28 towns met and declared independence from the jurisdictions and land claims of the British colony of Quebec, and from the American states of New Hampshire and New York.
Because of objections from New York, which had conflicting property claims, the Continental Congress declined to recognize Vermont, then sometimes also known as the New Hampshire Grants.
Vermont, now bordered on three sides by American territory, rejected the British claims and instead negotiated terms to enter the United States.
Vermont coined a currency called Vermont coppers from a mint operated by Reuben Harmon in East Rupert (1785–1788), and operated a postal system.
Both popular opinion and the legal construction of the government made clear that the independent State of Vermont would eventually join the original 13 states.
While the Continental Congress did not allow a seat for Vermont, Vermont engaged William Samuel Johnson, representing Connecticut, to promote its interests.
In 1785 the Vermont General Assembly granted Johnson title to the former King's College Tract as a form of compensation for representing Vermont.
After 1724, the Province of Massachusetts Bay built Fort Dummer near Brattleboro, as well as three other forts along the northern portion of the Connecticut River to protect against raids by Native Americans farther south into Western Massachusetts.
After 1749, Benning Wentworth, the Royal Governor of New Hampshire, granted land to anyone in a land granting scheme designed to enrich himself and his family.
The Province of New York had made grants of land, often in areas overlapping similar grants made by the Province of New Hampshire; this issue had to be resolved by the King in 1764, who granted the land to New York, but the area was popularly known as the New Hampshire Grants.
On January 15, 1777, a convention of representatives from towns in the territory declared the region independent, choosing the name the Republic of New Connecticut (although it was sometimes known colloquially as the Republic of the Green Mountains).
First published anonymously, the poem had characteristics in the last stanza that were similar to Ethan Allen's prose and caused it to be attributed to Allen for nearly 60 years.
On August 19, 1781, the Confederation Congress of the United States passed an act saying it would recognize the secessionist state of Vermont and agreed to admit that state to the Union if Vermont would renounce its claims to territory east of the Connecticut River and west of Lake Champlain.
The settlers in Vermont, who sought independence from New York, justified their constitution on the same basis as the first state constitutions of the former colonies: authority is derived from the people.
The Vermont constitution was modeled after the radically democratic constitution of Pennsylvania on the suggestion of Dr. Young, who worked with Thomas Paine and others on that 1776 document in Philadelphia.
The governor of Vermont, Thomas Chittenden, with consent of his council and the General Assembly, appointed commissioners to the American government seated in Philadelphia.
After a British regiment and allied Mohawks attacked and terrorized Vermont settlers, in the 1780 Royalton Raid, Ethan Allen led a group of Vermont politicians in secret discussions with Frederick Haldimand, the Governor General of the Province of Quebec, about rejoining the British Empire.
On March 6, 1790, the legislature of New York consented to Vermont statehood, provided that a group of commissioners representing New York and a similar group representing Vermont could agree on the boundary.
Vermont's negotiators insisted on also settling the real-estate disputes rather than leaving those to be decided later by a federal court.
On October 7, the commissioners proclaimed the negotiations successfully concluded, with an agreement that Vermont would pay $30,000 to New York to be distributed among New Yorkers who claimed land in Vermont under New York land patents.
On January 10, 1791, the convention approved a resolution to make an application to join the United States by a vote of 105 to 2.
Vermont's admission to the Union in 1791 was in part as a free state counterweight to Kentucky, which joined as a slave state shortly after Vermont.
The North, the smaller states, and states concerned about the impact of the sea-to-sea grants held by other states, all supported Vermont's admission.
Thomas Chittenden served as governor for Vermont for most of this period and became its first governor as a member state of the United States.
The 1793 Vermont state constitution made relatively few changes to the 1786 Vermont state constitution, which had, in turn, succeeded the 1777 constitution.
Kongo or Kikongo is one of the Bantu languages spoken by the Kongo and Ndundu people living in the equatorial forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola.
For this reason, while Kongo still is spoken in the above-mentioned countries, creolized forms of the language are found in ritual speech of Afro-American religions, especially in Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Haiti.
There are roughly seven million native speakers of Kongo, with perhaps two million more who use it as a second language.
At present there is no standard orthography of Kikongo, with a variety in use in written literature, mostly newspapers, pamphlets and a few books.
Kongo was the earliest Bantu language which was committed to writing in Latin characters and had the earliest dictionary of any Bantu language.
A catechism was produced under the authority of Diogo Gomes, a Jesuit born in Kongo of Portuguese parents in 1557, but no version of it exists today.
The preface informs us that the translation was done by Kongo teachers from São Salvador (modern Mbanza Kongo) and was probably partially the work of Félix do Espírito Santo (also a Kongo).
The dictionary was written in about 1648 for the use of Capuchin missionaries and the principal author was Manuel Robredo, a secular priest from Kongo (who became a Capuchin as Francisco de São Salvador).
Additional dictionaries were created by French missionaries to the Loango coast in the 1780s, and a word list was published by Bernardo da Canecattim in 1805.
Many African slaves transported in the Atlantic slave trade spoke Kongo, and its influence can be seen in many creole languages in the diaspora, such as Palenquero (spoken by descendants of escaped black slaves in Colombia), Habla Congo/Habla Bantu (the liturgical language of the Afro-Cuban Palo religion), Saramaccan language in Suriname and Haitian Creole.
Al-Khayzuran bint Atta () (died 789) was the wife of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mahdi and mother of both Caliphs Al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid,She ruled from 775 to 789 during the reign of her husband and sons and is known for her immense influence on state affairs.
She was kidnapped from her home by a Bedouin who then sold her in a slave market near Mecca to Al-Mahdi during his pilgrimage.
All sources are nevertheless adamant that she was a slave, and this does seem not to have been unusual in practice.
During the reign of her spouse, Al-Khayzuran raised to an unusual position for a woman; she was not secluded in the harem, but held audiences with generals, politicians and officials in her chambers, mixing with men and discussing state affairs.
She recalled her mother, two sisters and two brothers to court, married her sister Salsal to prince Ja'far and named her brother Ghatrif governor of Yemen.
Except their two sons, the couple also had a daughter, Banuqa, who her father loved so much that he dressed her up as a boy to be able to bring with him during his travels: when she died young, her father made a scandal by demanding public condolences, which was not seen correct for a daughter.
Her two sons were also absent from the city, and to secure the succession for her son, she called upon the viziers and ordered them to pay the wages of the army to secure order, and then had them swear allegiance to her son as their new Caliph in his absence.
Despite his opposition, Al-Hadi did not manage to disturb his mother's great power and influence base, and she refused to retire from politics into the harem.
Whoever from among my entourage - my generals, my servants - comes to you with a petition will have his head cut off and his property confiscated.
One reason given is that she learned that he was planning to kill his brother Harun al-Rashid, another that he attempted to poison her himself, which she discovered after first allowing her dog to eat of the dish he had sent to her.
Her second son, Caliph Harun al-Rashid, in contrast to his brother, did not oppose to his mother participating in the affairs of state, but instead openly acknowledged her political ability and publicly trusted her advice, and governed the realm by her side.
He was proud to point out that there was no reason for him to be ashamed of sharing his power with a woman, if she had such ability and brilliance as Al-Khayzuran.
Though it is difficult to say exactly in which issues she pressed her policy, it is nevertheless acknowledged that she participated in the decision making that formed the policy of the Caliphate.
When she died in 789, her son broke the rules which demanded that he show no sorrow, and instead publicly demonstrated his sorrow and participated in her funeral, which attracted much attention.
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature (or one of three chambers of a tricameral legislature), the other chamber being the lower house.
The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house.
A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
In parliamentary democracies and among European upper houses the Italian Senate is a notable exception to these general rules, in that it has the same powers as its lower counterpart: any law can be initiated in either house and must be approved in the same form by both houses.
The role of a revising chamber is to scrutinise legislation that may have been drafted over-hastily in the lower house and to suggest amendments that the lower house may nevertheless reject if it wishes to.
Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Lords can no longer prevent the passage of most bills, but it must be given an opportunity to debate them and propose amendments, and can thereby delay the passage of a bill with which it disagrees.
Bills can only be delayed for up to one year before the Commons can use the Parliament Act, although economic bills can only be delayed for one month.
It is sometimes seen as having a special role of safeguarding the uncodified Constitution of the United Kingdom and important civil liberties against ill-considered change.
The British House of Lords has a number of ways to block legislation and to reject it; however, the House of Commons can eventually use the Parliament Act to force something through.
For example, when the Labour Government of 1999 tried to expel all hereditary peers from the Lords, the Lords threatened to wreck the Government's entire legislative agenda and to block every bill which was sent to the chamber.
This standoff led to negotiations between Viscount Cranborne, the then Shadow Leader of the House, and the Labour Government, resulting in the Weatherill Amendment to the House of Lords Act 1999, which preserved 92 hereditary peers in the house.
It can also delay a bill so that it does not fit within the legislative schedule, or until a general election produces a new lower house that no longer wishes to proceed with the bill.
For example, the consent of the upper house to legislation may be necessary (though, as noted above, this seldom extends to budgetary measures).
Constitutional arrangements of states with powerful upper houses usually include a means to resolve situations where the two houses are at odds with each other.
Also, conventions often exist that the upper house ought not to obstruct the business of government for frivolous or merely partisan reasons.
There is a variety of ways an upper house's members are assembled: by direct or indirect election, appointment, heredity, or a mixture of these.
The German Bundesrat is composed of members of the cabinets of the German states, in most cases the state premier and several ministers; they are delegated and can be recalled anytime.
This is usually intended to produce a house of experts or otherwise distinguished citizens, who would not necessarily be returned in an election.
For example, members of the Senate of Canada are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
In the past, some upper houses had seats that were entirely hereditary, such as in the British House of Lords until 1999 and in the Japanese House of Peers until it was abolished in 1947.
Members of the Rajya Sabha in India are nominated by various states and union territories, while 12 of them are nominated by the President of India.
Similarly, at the state level, one-third of the members of the State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) are nominated by local governments, one-third by sitting legislators, and the rest are elected by select members of the electorate.
The upper house may be directly elected but in different proportions to the lower house - for example, the Senate of Australia and the United States have a fixed number of elected members from each state, regardless of the population.
Many jurisdictions, such as Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Mauritania, New Zealand, Peru, Sweden, Turkey, Venezuela and many Indian states as well as Brazilian states and Canadian provinces, once possessed upper houses but abolished them to adopt unicameral systems.
Newfoundland had a Legislative Council prior to joining Canada, as did Ontario when it was Upper Canada and Quebec from 1791 (as Lower Canada) to 1968.
The Senate of the Philippines was abolished – and restored – twice: from 1935 to 1945 when a unicameral National Assembly convened, and from 1972 to 1987 when Congress was closed, and later a new constitution was approved instituting a unicameral Parliament.
The Senate was re-instituted with the restoration of a bicameral Congress via a constitutional amendment in 1941, and via adoption of a new constitution in 1987.
A previous government of Ireland (the 31st Dáil) promised a national referendum on the abolition of its upper house, the Seanad Éireann, during the 24th Seanad session.
Conservative-leaning Fine Gael and Left-leaning Sinn Féin both supported the abolition, while the centrist Fianna Fáil was alone among major parties in supporting the retention of the Seanad.
Stargazy pie (sometimes called starrey gazey pie, stargazey pie and other variants) is a Cornish dish made of baked pilchards (or sardines), along with eggs and potatoes, covered with a pastry crust.
Although there are a few variations with different fish being used, the unique feature of stargazy pie is fish heads (and sometimes tails) protruding through the crust, so that they appear to be gazing skyward.
The dish is traditionally held to have originated from the village of Mousehole in Cornwall and is traditionally eaten during the festival of Tom Bawcock's Eve to celebrate his heroic catch during a very stormy winter.
According to the modern festival, which is combined with the Mousehole village illuminations, the entire catch was baked into a huge stargazy pie, encompassing seven types of fish and saving the village from starvation.
The position of the fish allows the oil that is released during cooking to drain into the pie, adding a fuller flavour and ensuring the pie is moist.
The celebrity chef Rick Stein suggested also poking the pilchards' tails through the pie crust to give the effect of leaping through water.
On Tom Bawcock's Eve it is served in The Ship Inn, the only pub in Mousehole, sometimes after a re-enactment of the legend.
In this case, the pie is served to celebrate the bravery of Tom Bawcock, a local fisherman in the 16th century.
The legend explains that one winter had been particularly stormy, meaning that none of the fishing boats had been able to leave the harbour.
The entire catch (including seven types of fish) was baked into a pie, which had the fish heads poking through to prove that there were fish inside.
The celebration and memorial to the efforts of Tom Bawcock sees the villagers parading a huge stargazy pie during the evening with a procession of handmade lanterns, before eating the pie itself.
An older feast, held by the fishermen towards the end of December, included a pie cooked with different fish to represent the variety of catches the men hoped to achieve in the coming year.
Since 1963, the festival has been run against the backdrop of the Mousehole village illuminations, where the entire harbour is lit up, along with many other displays.
One set of lights even represents the pie itself, showing fish heads and tails protruding from a pie dish underneath six stars.
There was a rumour that the entire festival was a fabrication by the landlord of The Ship Inn in the 1950s.
He also went on to confirm that the origins of the festival dated back to pre-Christian times, though it is unclear at what time the stargazy pie became part of the festivities.
A legend surrounding stargazy pie, along with the other unusual pies of Cornwall, is that they were the reason that the Devil never came to Cornwall.
The original pie in the legend included sand eels, horse mackerel, pilchards, herring, dogfish and ling along with a seventh fish.
Richard Stevenson, chef at The Ship Inn in Mousehole, suggests that any white fish will work for the filling, with pilchards or herring just added for the presentation.
Prior to putting it in the pie the fish should be skinned and boned (except the head and tail) to make it easier to eat.
There are many recipe variations around the traditional ingredients, some of which include hard-boiled eggs, bacon, onion, mustard or white wine.
The stargazy pie is always topped with a pastry lid, generally shortcrust but sometimes puff pastry, through which the fish heads and sometimes tails protrude.
For presentation, one suggestion is that the pilchards be arranged with their tails toward the centre of the pie and their heads poking up through the crust around the edge.
As it includes potatoes and pastry, the pie can be served on its own or with crusty bread, sometimes with vegetables.
It is the story of Tom Bawcock and his loyal black and white cat, Mowzer, setting sail to catch the fish.
This purring becomes a song and while the Storm-Cat is resting Tom is able to haul in his catch and return to the village.
Hix had previously created a mutton and crayfish for a festival aimed at increasing the use of the meat, and it was served at his London restaurants for a time.
He was educated at the universities of Halle, Heidelberg and Berlin, where in 1871 he qualified as a lecturer in geology.
He is known for his work involving the stratigraphy, tectonics and paleontology of Paleozoic formations in Germany; especially the Harz and the Rhenish Massif.
It is a cluster of homogeneous varieties used by at least 3,500,000 native speakers in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions, notably the eastern side of Piedmont), Southern Switzerland (cantons of Ticino and Graubünden), and Brazil (Botuverá, Santa Catarina).
This is in sharp contradistinction to the picture that can be drawn about the group which replaced the Ligures, the Celts.
Contributions from the Celts to local languages were self-evident, so that Lombard language is still classified as a Gallo-Romance language (from ancient Romans name for Celts, Gauls).
Roman domination shaped dialects spoken in ancient Lombardy, such that lexicon and grammar of this language find their origin in the Latin language.
This influence was not yet homogeneous; idioms of different areas were influenced by previous linguistic substrata and each area was marked by a stronger or weaker characterisation in comparison to Ligure or ancient Celtic languages.
The Lombardic language left clear traces too, as it was the variety spoken by Longobards, a Germanic population which dominated a large section of Italy, including Lombardy, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
In Italy this is the same as for most other minority languages, which are normally considered Italian dialects - despite the fact that they belong to different subgroups of the Romance language family, and their historical development is not derived from Italian.
With the rise of Standard Italian throughout Italy and Switzerland, one is not likely to find wholly monolingual Lombard speakers, but a small minority may still be uncomfortable speaking the dominant Italian.
Surveys in Italy find that all Lombard speakers also speak Italian, and their command of each of the two languages varies according to their geographical position as well as their socio-economic situation.
The most reliable predictor was found to be the speaker's age: studies have found that young people are much less likely to speak Lombard as proficiently as their grandparents did.
In fact, in some areas, elderly people are more used to speaking Lombard rather than Italian, even though they know the latter as well as the former.
Lombard belongs to the Cisalpine or Gallo-Italic group of languages, which shares features with Gallo-Romance languages and other Western Romance languages.
The varieties of the Italian provinces of Milan, Varese, Como, Lecco, Lodi, Monza and Brianza, Pavia and Mantua belong to Western Lombard, and the ones of Bergamo, Brescia and Cremona are dialects of Eastern Lombard.
All the varieties spoken in the Swiss areas (both in canton Ticino and canton Graubünden) are Western, and both Western and Eastern varieties are found in the Italian areas.
The varieties of the Alpine valleys of Valchiavenna and Valtellina (province of Sondrio) and upper-Valcamonica (province of Brescia) and the four Lombard valleys of the Swiss canton of Graubünden, although they have some peculiarities of their own and some traits in common with Eastern Lombard, should be considered Western.
Also, dialects from the Piedmontese provinces of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and Novara, the Valsesia valley (province of Vercelli), and the city of Tortona are closer to Western Lombard than to Piedmontese.
The Lombard variety with the oldest literary tradition (from the 13th century) is that of Milan, but now Milanese, the native Lombard variety of the area, has almost completely been superseded by Italian from the heavy influx of immigrants from other parts of Italy (especially Apulia, Sicily, and Campania) during the fast industrialization after the Second World War.
However, the status of Lombard is quite different in the Swiss and Italian areas, such that the Swiss areas have now become the real stronghold of Lombard.
In December 2004, the CDE released a dictionary in five volumes, covering all the Lombard varieties spoken in the Swiss areas.
Today, in most urban areas of Italian Lombardy, people under 40 years old speak almost exclusively Italian in their daily lives because of schooling and television broadcasts in Italian.
That is from a number of historical and social reasons: its usage has been historically discouraged by Italian politicians, probably as it was regarded as an obstacle to the attempt to create a 'national identity'.
Now, the political party most supportive of Lombard (and of the varieties of Northern Italy in general) is the Northern League (in the past, on the other hand, the leftist parties were the ones giving support to local varieties).
A certain revival of the use of Lombard has been observed in the last decade, when the use of Lombard has become a way to express one's local identity and to distance oneself from Roman-oriented mainstream Italian culture.
These plants have daisy-like composite flowers which tend to close in the late afternoon or in dull weather, but numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use which stay open for longer, and are available in a wide range of colours.
Within a few days he rejected Risdon Cove as a suitable settlement site, for its inadequate source of fresh water, and moved his party across the river to Sullivans Cove.
One of the first land grants at Risdon Cove was made to Dr William F A I'Anson, the chief surgeon who arrived with Lieutenant-Governor Collins in 1804.
About 300 aboriginals, men, women and children, who had banded together approached the Risdon Cove settlement whilst occupied on a kangaroo hunt.
There had been no widespread aggression, but if their displeasure spread and escalated, Lt. Moore, the commanding officer at the time, and his dozen or so soldiers, could not be expected to be able to protect the settlement from a mob of such size.
In addition, two soldiers fired muskets in protection of a Risdon Cove settler being beaten on his farm by aboriginals carrying waddies (clubs).
White alleged to have been an eyewitness, although he was working in a creek bed where the escarpment prevented him from viewing events.
A macabre postscript to the story was an allegation that the bones of some of the Aborigines were shipped to Sydney in two casks.
The transfer occurred on 11 December 1995, and since then Aboriginal Tasmanians have creditably maintained and developed the site as a cultural and educational facility.
Everwood (known as Our New Life in Everwood in the United Kingdom) is an American drama television series created by Greg Berlanti.
The series aired on The WB from September 16, 2002 to June 5, 2006 with a total of 89 episodes spanning four seasons.
The series begins with Dr. Andy Brown, played by Treat Williams, who moves his family to the fictional small town of Everwood, Colorado after the death of his wife.
The series also stars Gregory Smith, Vivien Cardone, Emily VanCamp, Chris Pratt, Debra Mooney, Stephanie Niznik, John Beasley and Tom Amandes.
The pilot was filmed in Calgary and Canmore, Alberta as well as Denver, Colorado; after that, series filming took place in Ogden, South Salt Lake, Draper, and Park City, Utah.
It was canceled by The WB on May 17, 2006, after four seasons, following the merger with UPN to form The CW.
Many of the story lines revolve around settling into a new town, dealing with the death of the mother and wife of the family, and the growing relationship between Andy and his son, who did not interact much in New York, due to the demands of Andy's job.
Ephram continually struggles with his emerging adolescence, his studies as a classical pianist, and his crush on Amy (Emily VanCamp), Harold's daughter.
The first season revolves around the main storyline involving Colin Hart (Mike Erwin), Amy's boyfriend and older brother Bright's (Chris Pratt) best friend.
Amy sees the arrival of Andy as an opportunity: Colin has been in a coma since July 4 of the previous summer, after Bright and he were in a car accident.
Later, he tearfully confesses to his father that—contrary to what he had claimed all summer—he does in fact remember the accident: He was the one driving Colin's father's truck and the two boys were drunk at the time.
In the meantime, Ephram's maternal grandparents come to visit their new home in the fall and Ephram decides he wants to move back to New York City to live with them.
During the party, in front of all the guests, Ephram and Andy have a loud fight about his moving to New York City.
He needs his appendix removed, but the snow has prevented travel to the nearest hospital, so they do emergency surgery on him in Andy's office.
Andy sees how concerned and loving Harold is toward his son and resolves to try and patch things up with Ephram.
A scandal erupts when Nina has the baby and it is revealed that the mother is well over fifty, but Andy supports Nina's decision.
Under pressure to step back into his old life, Colin befriends Ephram since the latter is the only person who does not have a preconceived notion of him.
Bright, frustrated at Colin's friendship with Ephram in the first place, refuses to listen as well, until Colin accosts Ephram outside the local diner, proceeding to uncharacteristically punch Bright in the face when he objects to Colin's roughness.
Andy believes Ephram (also following a grievous, self-inflicted hand injury during a homecoming ceremony) and brings the subject up with Colin's parents.
Andy stands by his decision and eventually admits to Ephram that he could have saved Colin's life, but he would have been mentally and physically disabled and, at Colin's insistence, promised that he would not let him live that way.
Amy struggles with Colin's death and falls into a deep depression, eventually going on medication and meeting Tommy Callahan, a drug-dealing loner who becomes more than a friend.
Harold buys her a new car to try and cheer her up, but Amy continues to act out and fail in school.
Rose (Merrilyn Gann), Harold's wife and the town mayor, tells her husband that he is babying her and she is unwelcome in her house until she follows the rules, which forces Amy to move in with Edna.
Already intoxicated, Amy drinks it, then has a hallucination of Colin, who tells her to let him go and to get on with her life.
The vision shocks her back to reality, and she realizes that Tommy has drunk most of the water himself and subsequently overdosed.
A scandal at Harold and Linda's office occurs when it is discovered that Linda had contracted HIV from a victim of an African civil war incident.
As a result, Harold loses his liability insurance coverage, and Linda quits her holistic health practice and leaves town, also ending her romance with Andy.
Nina goes through a divorce with her recently outed husband Carl and has to go to court over custody of her son Sam, a case which she eventually wins with Andy's support.
In an effort to prove how mature he is, he sneaks into bars to see her band and produces many awkward moments by showing up when she is out with her college friends.
She tries to continue working with the Browns, but Delia fires her, saying that she likes Madison but that Madison's presence makes Ephram sad.
He believes that Ephram was forced to grow up very quickly by the death of his mother and that—if he learns of the pregnancy—his sense of decency will compel him to stay with Madison, something for which Andy believes he is not ready.
Amy asks Ephram to stay in Everwood, so that they can figure out if a romantic relationship would work between them.
When he leaves to study music at Juilliard, Amy accompanies him for ten days in Manhattan and, after she returns to Everwood, they continue their relationship long-distance.
Ephram returns from his summer classes at Juilliard with the disappointing news that he did not make high marks and begins to intensify his piano studies.
The two, now in their senior year of high school, befriend an extremely shy girl, named Hannah (Sarah Drew), who is staying with Nina.
Hannah is a junior and tells Amy that her parents are travelling in Hong Kong, but later reveals that her father, with whom she was extremely close, suffers from late-stage Huntington's Disease and she was in fact sent to Everwood so she wouldn't have to watch his suffering.
With the support of Amy, Ephram, Harold, and Bright, Hannah is tested for Huntington's Disease herself and finds that she doesn't have the incurable disease.
They plan to sneak away to the Abbotts' lake cabin, but the night of the event, Amy gets scared and changes her mind.
Around Christmas, Bright convinces Ephram to go and see Madison's band play and he lies to Amy about where he was going.
Amy is extremely upset and admits that while Ephram has rededicated himself to the piano, she has given up all of her hobbies and school activities to make time for her and Ephram's relationship.
Even though he is officially absolved of the accusation, Rose is embarrassed and hurt by the situation and realizes that her son has no respect for women.
The third season also sees the arrival of a new, younger doctor named Jake Hartman, whom neither Harold nor Andy like very much, due to his over-zealous attitude.
Meanwhile, Nina comes to terms with the fact she has feelings for Andy as she begins a romantic relationship with Jake.
He and Amanda avoid their feelings from each other for a while, but when they finally give into temptation, Andy feels so much guilt, he develops a bleeding gastric ulcer.
After he recovers John gets admitted into a cutting-edge treatment program in which he will be sent away for an indefinite amount of time.
Amanda and Andy continue their affair until John inexplicably recovers from his stroke, and Amanda opts to stay with her husband.
Andy accompanies Ephram on the trip, attempts to reconcile with Madison, and urges her to tell Ephram the truth about her pregnancy.
When Ephram tells Andy about the pregnancy, Andy tells him that he knew about it and asked Madison to keep it a secret.
Back in Everwood, Amy reluctantly agrees to help Ephram locate the baby and the adoptive parents, but the matter soon drives a wedge between them, and they break up.
Jake and Nina agree to move in together and start a new restaurant business, purchasing the diner where Nina worked as a waitress until the owner sold the building.
Jake vows to cut all ties to his former Los Angeles residence and lifestyle because his income in Everwood is substantially less, though his true motives may have been Nina.
Season 3 ends with Hannah getting a boyfriend for the first time, but she decides to break up with him because there is no chemistry and because she has a crush on Bright.
Andy considers taking a job as a surgeon in Chicago, but Harold and others in town persuade him to stay in Everwood.
Amy decides to defer her first semester at Princeton, so that she can help take care of her mother while she convalesces.
At the request of Delia, who desperately misses him, Ephram returns from Europe in time to attend the end of Irv and Edna's ceremony.
When Ephram returns Andy tells him that he is welcome at home, but he will not pay Ephram's living expenses anywhere else.
Andy doesn't want to damage Ephram and Delia's relationship, so he tells Ephram that he will pay him $50 for every dinner they eat together as a family.
Also, Andy has a patient who is estranged from his daughter because he kept a secret from her for her whole life.
Andy asks Ephram to talk to the daughter about forgiveness, and in the process, Ephram begins to let go of some of the resentment he felt towards Andy and their relationship continues to improve.
On a father/son camping trip with the Abbotts, Ephram reveals that he came back to Everwood because he is still in love with Amy, and Bright reveals that he might break up with Hannah because she doesn't believe in premarital sex.
Afterward Ephram, wanting to repair their romantic relationship as well, gives Amy a Christmas present and reveals that he wrote her postcards while in Europe but never sent them to her.
She asks to take them home and read them but later explains that she does not want to become romantically involved with Ephram again because she is trying to figure out her own identity.
Bright is elated, but he is also frustrated at Hannah's low self-esteem and forces her to see that she is beautiful by locking her in the bathroom and refusing to let her out until she looks at herself in the mirror.
Instead of a sad and somber event, it is a celebration of his life, and Ephram is introduced to Will's family as his star pupil.
Kyle is still moody, and Ephram often returns to the Brown home to talk to Andy about his struggles and practice his own playing.
When he convinces Kyle to meet his absentee father and Kyle is stood up, Ephram confesses to Andy that he thinks about his own child all the time and was using his experience with Kyle to work through his feelings of guilt and irresponsibility.
Hannah obsesses over their relationship, and Bright runs into an old acquaintance, Ada (Kelly Carlson), an attractive blonde who once sold Bright and Ephram fake IDs.
After a few beers together, he has a moment of weakness in judgment and lust and winds up sleeping with Ada.
It is predictably a disaster, and Amy tells Reid that she learned from Colin's death that he has to deal with the things that made him try to commit suicide in the first place.
Harold and Rose's adoption is in the final stages when it is revealed that Harold lied about Rose's cancer on the admission forms.
At the same time, Bright drinks excessively at his 21st birthday party—still hurt by his breakup with Hannah—and stands on a chair at a bar.
At the hospital, Rose shares her fears, and Harold tells her that she is fine—the doctor called right before Bright's accident.
Harold and Rose fix up a guest bedroom in their house and invite Edna to live with them, thus ending a years-long battle between mother and son.
Nina agrees to forgive Jake and to take him back, and he begins a variety of recovery programs but is unsurprised when none of them work since they didn't in the past.
Andy—faced with the loss of Nina—impulsively buys her an engagement ring and shows it to Ephram, saying he simply needed to act on his feelings, even if he had no intention of asking her.
At Irv's funeral Ephram tells Nina about the ring, who tells Hannah, who convinces Nina to sneak in and look at it.
They make it to the airport when Jake realizes that he doesn't want to be with someone who is so unsure and boards the plane alone.
Andy takes a cathartic trip to New York to say goodbye to his late wife Julia one last time before flying back to Everwood to propose to Nina on the very spot they met.
Delia invites her to her bat mitzvah, and while there a slightly tipsy Amy realizes she is still in love with Ephram.
Recreating a moment they shared during a festival soon after he first moved there, she enlists Rose's help in ordering a Ferris wheel, stationing it outside his apartment.
With this as her backdrop, she confesses that all their problems are her fault and asks him to give her another chance at a relationship, without the drama.
Ephram, having loved Amy since the day he met her, easily agrees to be with her again, and the season and series end with Ephram and Amy embarking on a mature, adult relationship.
Because of the impending WB/UPN merger into the CW Television Network, the future of the series was uncertain, and the producers wrote two endings: the aired version, as well as additional scenes where Madison showed up to cause some cliffhanger trouble.
Treat Williams has also received two Screen Actors Guild award nominations in 2003 and 2004 for his role as Dr. Andy Brown.
While the entire series was shot in 16:9 widescreen, the first season DVD is presented in a cropped 4:3 aspect ratio.
In Region 2, Warner Home Video has also released all four seasons on DVD in Germany and in the Netherlands, and the first two seasons in Hungary.
The MTV Movie & TV Awards (formerly known as the MTV Movie Awards) is a film and television awards show presented annually on MTV.
The 2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards took place on May 7, 2017, and featured the first time men and women competing jointly in the acting categories.
For much of its history, the ceremony was recorded for later broadcast, unlike the MTV Video Music Awards, which are usually live, but not live-to-tape, where the ceremony occurred in chronological order with appropriate edits.
This meant that the ceremony was recorded out of order with the host segments recorded all at the start, followed by the musical performances and then award presentations, where those artists and actors nominated could choose to stay only for their award category and then depart after, with a seat filler filling their seat before or afterwards.
Prior to announcing the winner MTV would air testimonials from major Hollywood celebrities praising the winners greatness while only offering a slight tease as to who the winner was.
The Silver Bucket of Excellence is an award that was given to a film that has made lasting impact on moviegoers and the MTV audience.
The MTV Generation Award is the successor to the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award, though it is more serious than its predecessor.
The award is given to an actor that managed to inspire others with a diverse portfolio of work and a transcendent reputation in the public eye.
Since 1993, scenes are spoofed, mostly from that year's most popular films, although television shows and older movies have also been chosen.
This may include sound and video montages, replacing some of the original cast with other actors (commonly, the hosts of each year's show) generally mocking the scenes of that film.
The diversity of the spoofs can vary greatly, from one dialogue (such as in 2005) to several long scenes, including fighting and action sequences (2003).
Haroon Al Rashid (Urdu:پیر ہارون الرشید) (born 1935) is the leader of the Nisbat-e-Rasooli Sufi order in Mohra Sharif, Pakistan , and is known by the honorific Pir.
Shahzada Jamal Nazir was also Advisor with Minister of State status for the Government of Pakistan on National Regulations and Services in 2011, 2012, and 2013.
In his professional experience he has worked as lawyer/legal council for the Oil and Gas Development Corporation Limited (Pakistan), United States Bankruptcy Court (Denver, USA) and Gorsuch Kirgis law firm (Denver, USA).
He is remain officially unaffiliated with any political party, but offers his services as a technocrat in the best interest of Pakistan.
Winter served in the Conservative government of Sir William Whiteway as Solicitor-General from 1882 to 1885 when he resigned along with a number of other Protestants as a result of sectarian riots at Harbour Grace.
Winter served as Attorney General under Thorburn from 1885 to 1889 when the government was defeated and Winter lost his seat.
The Winter government faced criticism over the granting of railway contracts and was accused by the Liberal opposition of selling out Newfoundland's interest to the Reid family as the minister of finance in Winter's government was also on Reid's payroll as his legal council while the contract was being negotiated.
As a jurist, Winter represented Newfoundland at the 1887-1888 fisheries conference in Washington and was senior counsel for the British government when Newfoundland was before the arbitration tribunal at the Hague in 1910 over a fisheries dispute.
With the exception of the Bible, the Book of Common Prayer, and the Constitution and Canons, it is the ultimate authority in the Episcopal Church, being the bureaucratic facility through which the collegial function of the episcopate is exercised.
All diocesan, coadjutor, suffragan, and assistant bishops of the Episcopal Church, whether active or retired, have seat and vote in the House of Bishops.
Each diocese of the Episcopal Church, as well as the Navajoland Area Mission and the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe, are entitled to representation in the House of Deputies by four clergy deputies, either presbyters or deacons, canonically resident in the diocese and four lay deputies who are confirmed communicants in good standing.
The Episcopal Church of Liberia is entitled to representation in the House of Deputies by two clergy deputies and two lay deputies, all with seat and voice but no vote.
The House of Deputies elects one clerical and one lay delegate from each province, and the House of Bishops elects one bishop from every province to sit on the joint committee.
When a new Presiding Bishop is to be elected, the houses meet together in a joint session, and the nominating committee nominates at least three bishops.
The results of the election are reported to the House of Deputies, which then votes to confirm or not to confirm the election.
The treasurer formulates the budget of the Episcopal Church, receives and disburses all money collected under the authority of the convention, and with the approval of the Presiding Bishop invests surplus funds.
If the office of treasurer becomes vacant, the Presiding Bishop and the President of the House of Deputies appoints a treasurer until a new election is held.
At each regular meeting of General Convention, the secretary of the House of Deputies is by concurrent action of both houses made the secretary of the General Convention.
If the offices of president and vice president become vacant during the triennium, the secretary performs the duties of president until the next meeting of General Convention.
The Secretary is also the corporate secretary of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, the corporate body of the Episcopal Church, and one of the four senior officers of the church.
Canon Dr. Michael Barlowe is the Secretary of the House of Deputies, having been appointed upon the retirement of his predecessor, the Rev.
Dr. Barlowe is also the Executive Officer of the General Convention, a position filled by joint appointment of the Presiding Bishop and the President of the House of Deputies.
He supervises the secretary, treasurer, and manager of the General Convention and heads the executive office of the General Convention which coordinates the work of the committees, commissions, boards, and agencies (CCAB's).
Interim bodies, meeting in between sessions of General Convention, include the Executive Council and various standing commissions which study and draft policy proposals for consideration and report back to General Convention.
Bishops are appointed by the Presiding Bishop while the other clergy and laypersons are appointed by the president of the House of Deputies.
Members are appointed to rotating terms so that the term for half of the members expires at the conclusion of each regular meeting of the General Convention.
The Presiding Bishop and the President of the House of Deputies are ex officio members of all commissions and can appoint personal representatives to attend commission meetings without the right to vote.
Either house may refer matters to a commission, but one house cannot instruct a commission to take any action without the consent of the other house.
In White's plan, the state conventions would send representatives to three provincial conventions which would elect representatives to the General Convention every three years.
The constitution written in 1789 was very similar to White's plan, except that state conventions would elect representatives directly to the General Convention.
It is often said that the Constitutions of the United States and the Episcopal Church were written by the same people.
The House of Bishops was formed in 1789 to win the support of those who wanted a greater role for bishops.
The House of Deputies had the advantage because with an 80 percent majority it could override a veto of the House of Bishops until 1808 when both houses were given absolute vetos.
The Wall Street bombing occurred at 12:01 pm on Thursday, September 16, 1920, in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City.
The bombing was never solved, although investigators and historians believe the Wall Street bombing was carried out by Galleanists (Italian anarchists), a group responsible for a series of bombings the previous year.
At noon, a horse-drawn wagon passed by lunchtime crowds on Wall Street and stopped across the street from the headquarters of the J.P. Morgan bank at 23 Wall Street, on the Financial District's busiest corner.
Inside the wagon, of dynamite with of heavy, cast-iron sash weights exploded in a timer-set detonation, sending the weights tearing through the air.
The horse and wagon were blasted into small fragments, but the driver was believed to have left the vehicle and escaped.
The bomb caused more than $2 million in property damage ($ million today) and destroyed most of the interior spaces of the Morgan building.
Within one minute of the explosion, William H. Remick, president of the New York Stock Exchange, suspended trading in order to prevent a panic.
The Justice Department's Bureau of Investigation (BOI, the forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation) did not immediately conclude that the bomb was an act of terrorism.
Investigators were puzzled by the number of innocent people killed and the lack of a specific target, other than buildings that suffered relatively superficial, non-structural damage.
By 3:30 pm, the board of governors of the New York Stock Exchange had met and decided to open for business the next day.
Crews cleaned up the area overnight to allow for normal business operations the next day, but in doing so they destroyed physical evidence that might have helped police investigators solve the crime.
The New York assistant district attorney noted that the timing, location, and method of delivery all pointed to Wall Street and J.P. Morgan as the targets of the bomb, suggesting in turn that it was planted by radical opponents of capitalism, such as Bolsheviks, anarchists, communists, or militant socialists.
Investigators soon focused on radical groups opposed to U.S. financial and governmental institutions and known to use bombs as a means of violent reprisal.
They observed that the Wall Street bomb was packed with heavy sash weights designed to act as shrapnel, then detonated on the street in order to increase casualties among financial workers and institutions during the busy lunch hour.
The Sons of the American Revolution had previously scheduled a patriotic rally for the day after (September 17) to celebrate Constitution Day at exactly the same intersection.
Public demands to track down the perpetrators led to an expanded role for the U.S. Justice Department's Bureau of Investigation, including the General Intelligence Division of the BOI headed by J. Edgar Hoover.
On September 17, the BOI released the contents of flyers found in a post office box in the Wall Street area just before the explosion.
William J. Flynn, Director of the BOI, suggested the flyers were similar to those found at the June 1919 anarchist bombings.
The investigation conducted by the Bureau of Investigation stalled when none of the victims turned out to be the driver of the wagon.
Investigators questioned tennis champion Edwin Fischer, who had sent warning post cards to friends, telling them to leave the area before September 16.
They found Fischer made a regular habit of issuing such warnings, and had him committed to Amityville Asylum, where he was diagnosed as insane but harmless.
Most of the initial investigation focused on anarchists and communists, such as the Galleanist group, whom authorities believed were involved in the 1919 bombings.
During President Warren G. Harding's administration, officials evaluated the Soviets as possible masterminds of the Wall Street bombing and then the Communist Party USA.
One Galleanist in particular, Italian anarchist Mario Buda (1884–1963), an associate of Sacco and Vanzetti, and the owner of a car which led to the arrest of the latter for a separate robbery and murder, is alleged by some historians, including Paul Avrich, to be the man most likely to have planted the bomb.
Avrich and other historians theorize that Buda acted in revenge for the arrest and indictment of his fellow Galleanists, Sacco and Vanzetti.
Buda's involvement as the Wall Street bombmaker was confirmed by statements made by his nephew Frank Maffi and fellow anarchist Charles Poggi, who interviewed Buda in Savignano, Italy, in 1955.
These included the Milwaukee Police Department bombing, which was a large black powder bomb that killed nine policemen in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1917.
Buda was in New York City at the time of the bombing, but he was neither arrested nor questioned by police.
After leaving New York, Buda resumed the use of his real name in order to secure a passport from the Italian vice-consul, then promptly sailed for Naples.
Other Galleanists, still in the U.S. continued the bombing and assassination campaign for another twelve years, culminating in a 1932 bomb attack targeting Webster Thayer, the presiding judge in the Sacco and Vanzetti trial.
Thayer, who survived the ensuing blast that destroyed his house and injured his wife and housekeeper, moved his residence to his club for the last year and a half of his life, where he was guarded 24 hours a day.
In the 1990s, six of her songs were Top 10 hits, three albums were certified gold, and one album received a platinum certification.
She won Top New Female Vocalist from the Academy of Country Music and the Horizon Award from the Country Music Association.
Charles was an Army officer who served in the Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II, and later became a machinist who worked at an International Harvester plant at East Moline.
With her parents' encouragement, she took lessons in piano and drums, and as a teenager picked up the guitar as well.
In her youth, Bogguss would visit Roy Rogers and Dale Evans at their home in Apple Valley, California, as they attended the same church as her grandparents.
After graduating in 1975, she enrolled at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, but later transferred to Illinois State University (ISU) in Normal.
Having sung and played guitar and drums in local coffeehouses during her college years, Bogguss embarked on a nationwide tour as a folk troubadour after graduating from ISU.
In 1984, while touring at the Huntley Lodge resort in Montana, Bogguss discovered that she spent most of her money on clothes for her later shows.
She also realized that she had no health insurance, very little car insurance, and low chances of performing further, and there were no talent scouts.
After moving to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1985, Bogguss began working at the local Tony Roma's restaurant on her first day there.
While there, she performed a three-day audition for entertainer Dolly Parton at Silver Dollar City, a theme park which would eventually become Dollywood.
These performances prompted her to make a self-produced demo recording at a studio owned by folk singer Wendy Waldman, who would eventually become Bogguss's first producer.
The demo soon caught the attention of Capitol Records president Jim Foglesong, who offered her a recording contract on the Liberty/Capitol Nashville label.
In September of that year, Bogguss began designing women's leather apparel; the apparel was sold in stores on the West Coast.
The latter, which she cowrote with Matraca Berg and Gary Harrison, has gone on to become one of Bogguss's signature songs.
During her break, the climate of country music had changed considerably, with more pop-oriented female singers such as Martina McBride, Faith Hill, and Shania Twain dominating the charts.
In March 1997, Bogguss performed at the Every Woman's Challenge charity concert, which was held at the Palm Springs Convention Center in California.
In addition to being available at her website, the album was also offered through Amazon.com, select retailers, and at her live performances.
In addition to the CD, Bogguss and husband Doug Crider also produced a companion hard cover song book that included lyrics, sheet music, and a short history of each song.
To partially fund the promotion of the album she created a very successful Kickstarter crowd funding campaign which raised over $75,000 with the participation of nearly 1000 contributors.
During the summer of 2016, Bogguss conducted a celebration via her Suzy Bogguss Music Facebook page, of the 25th anniversary of the release of her Platinum selling Aces Album in 1991.
Aces also was her break out album which brought her serious attention on Country Radio and secured her future on Capitol Nashville for several more albums.
The album takes a more acoustic and simpler production tack that the original which also reflects her more recent touring approach as a trio with Charlie Chadwick on standup Bass and Craig Smith on lead guitar.
On the other hand, although Moabite itself had begun to diverge, the script used in the 9th century BC did not differ from the script used in Hebrew inscriptions at that time.
While knowledge of Moabite is limited primarily to the Mesha Stele and a few seals, it is clear that Moabite, together with Ammonite and Edomite, belonged to the dialect continuum of the Canaanite group of northwest Semitic languages, together with Hebrew and Phoenician.
Garner State Park is a state park in the community of Concan, Texas located in Uvalde County, Texas in the United States.
The park is popular with campers and local residents for its activities on the Frio River and the dances held nightly during the spring and summer.
In the beginning of the 1930s, the park was originally made to save a piece of the hill country for the public and to give men, suffering from the depression, work.
In 1934, the Texas State Parks Board approved the location for a future state park, and the Texas Legislature provided funding for state parks.
The park was named for John Nance Garner, former Vice-President of the United States who lived and practiced law in the Concan area.
The area came about millions of years ago in the Cretaceous age when the Edwards Plateau was formed when a section of land was lifted 2000 feet along a curving fault.
The area has rich vegetation due to the canyons angles from southeast to southwest as well as prevailing winds which cool and moisten the area.
They get their name from how long their leaves are gone, since they drop in the fall and don’t bloom until late spring.
There is plenty of wildlife in the park such as deer, squirrels, raccoons, turkeys, skunks (lovingly called security by the staff), and other animals.
The golden-cheeked warbler are birds that only nest in the mixed Ashe juniper and oak woodlands of Central Texas from March to July.
They feed on insects and spiders from trees and use spider webs to help build their nest and are endangered because of their loss of nesting habitat.
They make their nests in low shrubs but are endangered because of the destruction of their habitats by grazing, clearing and fire suppression.
Upon arrival at the park, there are many options to choose on where to stay such as a campsite, cabin, or in a screened shelter.
If a campsite or screened shelter is chosen, there are public restrooms and showers that are available to all park guests to maintain hygiene.
When the gift shop is closed however, there is an online gift shop that is updated regularly to buy from as well.
Many activities at the park include hiking, nature study, picnicking, canoeing, fishing, paddle boat and kayak rentals (spring and summer), bicycle riding, and miniature golf (seasonal).
In ranger programs, park rangers teach students about the nature, history, and traditions of the park and let campers participate in geology programs and can be led on nature hikes.
Volunteers can help by keeping the park clean by maintaining trails, renewing habitats, becoming a park host or leading educational programs.
The first women's music festivals in the United States were founded in the early 1970s, starting with day festivals at the Sacramento State and San Diego State University campuses, the Midwest Women's Festival in Missouri, the Boston Women's Music Festival, and the National Women's Music Festival at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
These first regional women-only events exposed audiences to feminist and openly lesbian artists, most of whom operated independently of the mainstream recording industry.
Festival gatherings offered an alternative to urban bars, coffeehouses and protest marches, which were some of the few opportunities for lesbians to meet one another in the early 1970s.
The feminist separatism of the spaces was a direct outgrowth of and solidarity with the activism created by black power and other racial solidarity movements.
In 1976, Lisa Vogel, along with sister Kristie Vogel and friend Mary Kindig, founded the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival after attending an indoor festival of women's music in Boston the year before.
When their application to form a non-profit collective was denied, the We Want the Music Corporation was structured as the parent company of MWMF.
Michfest was initially conceptualized as an event attended by women and feminist men; however, it became a women-only festival when the characteristics of outdoors camping was taken into consideration.
In subsequent years it would add an acoustic stage and an open mic stage, in addition to day stage and night stage programming.
Community service support included ASL interpretation at performances, mental and physical health care, Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, camping for disabled women, as well as a tent solely for women of color.
Notable performers included Sarah Bettens, Laura Nyro, Hattie Gossett, Sweet Honey in the Rock, Tracy Chapman, Holly Near, Team Dresch, Kathleen Hanna, Tribe 8, Sia, and Staceyann Chin.
Half-Way to Michfest Parties (sometimes also called Mid-Way Parties or Michfest Half-Way Parties) were subsequently held in Chicago; the San Francisco Bay Area; Portland, Oregon; Boston; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Santa Cruz, California; Syracuse, New York; Long Beach, California; Western Massachusetts; Tampa, Florida; Yellow Springs, Ohio and Bellingham, Washington.
Critics argued that the womyn-born womyn policy constituted discrimination against transgender people and in 1995, Camp Trans, an annual protest event held concurrently with Michfest that operated adjacent to the festival venue, was launched.
To label that as transphobic is, to me, as misplaced as saying the women-of-color tent is racist, or to say that a transsexual-only space, a gathering of folks of women who are born men is misogynist.
In 2013, transgender activist Red Durkin launched a Change.org petition asking performers to boycott Michfest until the womyn-born womyn policy was abolished.
The boycott was joined by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC), GLAAD, the National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR), and the National LGBTQ Task Force.
Bitch, of the band Bitch and Animal, attracted criticism for choosing to play at MWMF, resulting in the Boston Dyke March canceling an appearance by her in 2007, and she was also pulled or dis-invited from several other music festivals.
In October 2013, filmmaker Sara St. Martin Lynne was asked to resign from the board of the Bay Area Girls Rock Camp for attending Michfest.
Indeed, Lisa Vogel was very intentional in her efforts to ensure that no one on The Land would be questioned about their gender, in no small part to protect the many butch women who attended the festival.
After serving in the United States Navy between 1944 and 1946, Olsen attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned both a BS (1950) and an MS (1952) degree in Electrical engineering.
During his studies at MIT, the Office of Naval Research of the United States Department of the Navy recruited Olsen to help build a computerized flight simulator.
They approached American Research and Development Corporation, an early venture capital firm, which had been founded by Georges Doriot, and founded Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) after receiving $70,000 for a 70% share.
In the 1960s, Olsen received patents for a saturable switch, a diode transformer gate circuit, an improved version of magnetic core memory, and the line printer buffer.
Olsen's valuing of innovation and technical excellence spawned and popularized techniques such as engineering matrix management, that are broadly employed today throughout many industries.
Olsen admitted to making the remark, even though he says his words were taken out of context and was referring to computers set up to control houses, not PCs.
He was inducted as an Honorary Member of UPE (the International Honor Society for the Computing and Information Sciences) on October 8, 1975.
In 2011, he was listed at #6 on the MIT150 list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from MIT for his work on the minicomputer.
Some believed he was making a general characterization of UNIX, while others believed he was specifically referring to its marketing exaggerating its benefits.
While Olsen believed VMS was a better solution for DEC customers and often talked of the strengths of the system, he did approve and encourage an internal effort to produce a native BSD-based UNIX product on the VAX line of computers called Ultrix.
Nashville Skyline is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on April 9, 1969, by Columbia Records as LP record, reel to reel tape and audio cassette.
Along with the more basic lyrical themes, simple songwriting structures, and charming domestic feel, it introduced audiences to a radically new singing voice from Dylan, who had temporarily quit smoking—a soft, affected country croon.
In 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and Senator Robert Kennedy (a leading candidate for the presidency) were assassinated.
Riots broke out in several major cities, including a major one surrounding the Democratic National Convention in Chicago and racially motivated conflagrations spurred by King's assassination.
A new president, Richard Nixon, was sworn into office in January 1969, but the U.S. engagement in Southeast Asia, particularly the Vietnam War, would continue for several years.
Abraham Baldwin was born in 1754 in Guilford, Connecticut into a large family, the son of Lucy (Dudley) and Michael Baldwin, a blacksmith.
After attending Guilford Grammar School, Abraham Baldwin attended Yale College in nearby New Haven, Connecticut, where he was a member of the Linonian Society.
Two years later at the conclusion of the war, Baldwin declined an offer from Yale's new president, Ezra Stiles, to become Professor of Divinity.
Encouraged by his former commanding officer General Nathanael Greene, who had acquired the plantation at Mulberry Hill where Eli Whitney would later invent the cotton gin, Baldwin moved to Georgia.
Baldwin was named the first president of the University of Georgia and became active in politics to build support for the University, which had not yet enrolled its first student.
He was soon appointed as a delegate to the Confederation Congress and then to the Constitutional Convention; in September of 1787 he was one of the state’s two signatories to the U.S. Constitution.
He was able to mediate between the rougher frontiersmen, perhaps because of his childhood as the son of a blacksmith, and the aristocratic planter elite who dominated the coastal Lowcountry.
He became one of the most prominent legislators, pushing significant measures such as the education bill through the sometimes split Georgia Assembly.
Simon Fraser Tolmie, (January 25, 1867 – October 13, 1937) was a veterinarian, farmer, politician, and the 21st Premier of the Province of British Columbia, Canada.
He was the son of Dr. William Fraser Tolmie, a prominent figure in the Hudson's Bay Company and a member of both the colonial assembly of Colony of Vancouver Island and the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
William Fraser was early supporter of Scottish industrialist reformer Robert Owen, and was a strong supporter of women's suffrage in British Columbia.
His maternal ancestry was Indigenous and representative of the marriages of Indigenous women and French and Scottish men who worked in the fur trade.
Tolmie's mother, Jane Work, was the daughter of John Work, a prominent Victoria resident, Hudson's Bay Company Chief Factor, and member of the former colony's assembly.
Her mother was Josette Legace, a daughter of an Indigenous woman from the Spokane area and Pierre Legace, a French-Canadian trapper father.
Tolmie served as Minister of Agriculture in the governments of Sir Robert Borden and Arthur Meighen from 1919–1921, and in 1926.
He supported amendments to drug laws calling for the deportation of all Asians convicted of trafficking and for the use of the 'lash'.
Tolmie was elected leader of the British Columbia Conservative Party in 1926 but continued to sit as a Member of Parliament until the 1928 provincial election, in which he ran and was elected MLA for Saanich.
By 1931, unemployment reached 28% - the highest in Canada - and Tolmie was finally forced to act, setting up remote relief camps.
Tolmie acceded to the request from the business community that a royal commission be established to propose solutions to the province's increasingly dire financial situation.
They had come to expect more from their provincial government than its traditional functions of maintaining law and order, providing physical infrastructure and encouraging private enterprise.
The strained situation took its toll on the provincial party, which became so wracked by internal discord that the executive decided to run no candidates in the 1933 election.
The Liberals captured 42% of the vote and 34 of the 47 seats, the new social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation became the official opposition, and the Conservatives who had run under various banners picked up just five seats.
Bob Babbitt (born Robert Kreinar; November 26, 1937 – July 16, 2012) was a Hungarian-American bassist, most famous for his work as a member of Motown Records' studio band, the Funk Brothers, from 1966 to 1972, as well as his tenure as part of MFSB for Philadelphia International Records afterwards.
When Motown moved to Los Angeles, Babbit went in the opposite direction and ended up in New York; while making occasional trips to Philadelphia.
Colin Farrell was presented an award for Trans-Atlantic Breakthrough Performance by Victoria and David Beckham, although this award was not broadcast in the United States.
The Pak Mun Dam (Thai: เขื่อนปากมูล) is a barrage dam and run-of-the-river hydroelectric plant 5.5 km west of the confluence of the Mun and Mekong Rivers in Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand.
It was constructed by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) with support from the World Bank at a total cost of US$240 million, and completed in 1994.
The project has been criticized for adverse effects on the fisheries of the Mun River, insufficient compensation payments to affected villagers, and failure to produce the projected power output.
Protests have been staged at the dam site and outside Government House in Bangkok and critics have called for the dam to be immediately decommissioned.
, EGAT had paid out 377.7 million baht in relocation compensation, plus 356.9 million baht for loss of fisheries with unsettled fisheries claims amounting to an additional 200 million baht.
In response to concerns about the dam's likely impact on fisheries on the Mun River, a fish ladder was incorporated into the scheme to allow fish into the Mun River to spawn.
A report from the World Commission on Dams found that of 265 fish species previously found in the Mun River, at least 50 had disappeared and numbers of others had declined significantly.
Subsequently, a study by Ubon Ratchathani University recommended keeping the gates open for a further five years, and a study by Living River Siam recommended decommissioning the dam.
As part of a two-year study to review the development effectiveness of large dams, the World Commission on Dams (WCD) commissioned the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI) to conduct a case study on the Pak Mun Dam.
A review is an evaluation of a publication, service, or company such as a movie (a movie review), video game (video game review), musical composition (music review of a composition or recording), book (book review); a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert, play, musical theater show, dance show, or art exhibition.
A user review refers to a review written by a user or consumer for a product or a service based on her experience as a user of the reviewed product.
Popular sources for consumer reviews are e-commerce sites like Amazon.com, Zappos or lately in the Yoga field for schools such as Banjaara Yoga and Ayurveda, and social media sites like TripAdvisor and Yelp.
A consumer review of a product usually comments on how well the product measures up to expectations based on the specifications provided by the manufacturer or seller.
Consumer review, also called 'word of mouth' and 'user generated content' differs from 'marketer generated content' in its evaluation from consumer or user point of view.
Usually, it comments on factors such as timeliness of delivery, packaging, and correctness of delivered items, shipping charges, return services against promises made, and so on.
Consumer reviews online have become a major factor in business reputation and brand image due to the popularity of TripAdvisor, Yelp, and online review websites.
A negative review can damage the reputation of a business and this has created a new industry of reputation management where companies attempt to remove or hide bad reviews so that more favourable content is found when potential customers do research.
A book review (or book report) is a form of criticism in which a book is analyzed based on content, style, and merit.
In the case of a work of poetry or fiction, or of nonfiction in which the literary merits of the work are an important element, a review will commonly use the methods of literary criticism.
Reviewers, in literary periodicals, often use the occasion of a book review for a display of learning or to promulgate their own ideas on the topic of a fiction or non-fiction work.
Reviews of non-fiction works intended for instructional or informational purposes may focus more directly on concerns such as practical usefulness and reader-friendliness.
Reviews of live music performances are typically short articles that tell readers about the performers or group(s) that were involved and the pieces or songs that were performed.
The balance between the different elements in a review (information about the performer or group; information about the pieces/songs; commentary about the technical and subjective elements of the performance) depends on the audience that a music critic is writing for.
In the case of a review of an entire album, the reviewer will not only judge the individual songs or pieces; they will also judge how well all of the songs or pieces work together or go together.
Where previously albums were purchased as collections of songs, often with a common theme, the rise of individual song downloads may have significant impact on consumers' exposure to an artist's music.
In Classical music, music critics may also do reviews of compositions, even if the piece or song has never been performed and it only exists on manuscript paper in a score.
Such reviews have appeared in newspapers and printed periodicals since the beginning of the film industry, and now are published in general-interest websites as well as specialized film and film review sites.
In some cases, a bought review may be independent, if the person that is hired to do the review has a strong reputation for independence and integrity.
For example, a major media conglomerate that owns both print media and record companies may instruct one of its employees in one of its newspapers to do a review of an album which is being released by the conglomerate's record company.
Several online review manipulation strategies have also been reported, such as writing fake reviews and offering monetary compensation to remove negative reviews.
Alfred P. Sloan developed the concept for LaSalle and certain other General Motors' marques in order to fill pricing gaps he perceived in the General Motors product portfolio.
LaSalle automobiles were manufactured by Cadillac, but were priced lower than Cadillac-branded automobiles and were marketed as the second-most prestigious marque in the General Motors portfolio.
The LaSalle had its beginnings when General Motors' CEO, Alfred P. Sloan, noticed that his carefully crafted market segmentation program was beginning to develop price gaps in which General Motors had no products to sell.
As originally developed by Sloan, General Motors' market segmentation strategy placed each of the company's individual automobile marques into specific price ranges, called the General Motors Companion Make Program.
By the 1920s, certain General Motors products began to shift out of the plan as the products improved and engine advances were made.
Under the companion marque strategy, the gap between the Chevrolet and the Oakland would be filled by a new marque named Pontiac, a quality six-cylinder car designed to sell for the price of a four-cylinder.
The wide gap between Oldsmobile and Buick would be filled by two companion marques: Oldsmobile was assigned the up-market V8 engine Viking and Buick was assigned the more compact six-cylinder Marquette.
Cadillac, which had seen its base prices soar in the heady 1920s, was assigned the LaSalle as a companion marque to fill the gap that existed between it and Buick.
The 1927 LaSalle was designed by Harley Earl, who had a 30-year career at General Motors, eventually gaining control of all design and styling at General Motors.
For example, the Ford Model T evolved only slightly over its production run; A 1927 Model T was almost identical to a 1910 Model T.
Earl, who had been hired by Cadillac's General Manager, Lawrence P. Fisher, conceived the LaSalle not as a junior Cadillac, but as something more agile and stylish.
Influenced by the rakish Hispano-Suiza roadsters of the time, Earl's LaSalle emerged as a smaller, yet elegant counterpoint to Cadillac's larger cars, unlike anything else built by an American automotive manufacturer.
The open cars could also be ordered in tri-tone color combinations, at a time when dark colors like black and navy blue were still the most familiar colors produced by manufacturers.
On June 20, 1927, a LaSalle driven by Willard Rader, along with Gus Bell, on the track at the Milford Proving Grounds, achieved , averaging , with only seven minutes given over to refueling and tire changes.
The test at Milford would have continued; however, a problem in the oil system drew the test to an early close, approaching the 9:45 mark.
Cadillac also saw sales of its cars losing ground, as confirmed Cadillac buyers tried to trim pennies by buying the less expensive LaSalle.
Beginning with the 1934 model year, a significant portion of the LaSalle was more closely related to the Oldsmobile, than to senior Cadillacs.
This new LaSalle was now priced $1,000 less than the least expensive Cadillac, its mission was not to fill a price gap, but to keep the luxury car division out of the red.
For 1937, Cadillac made the LaSalle its own again, giving it the monobloc V8 of the Series 60, new styling, a lower price range, and a heavy promotion, emphasizing the car was completely Cadillac built.
A 1934 LaSalle Model 350 was chosen as the Pace Car for the Indianapolis 500 and a 1937 LaSalle Series 50 convertible also served as an Indy 500 Pace Car.
Headlights, which had moved down and been secured to the body between the grille and the fender, were again attached to the radiator shell.
The final 1940 LaSalles were introduced in October 1939 with, as it had in its first year, a full array of semi-custom body styles, including a convertible sedan.
By the time the decision was made to drop the LaSalle at least three wood and metal mockups had been made for potential 1941 LaSalle models.
One was based on the notchback GM C platform which ended up being shared by the Cadillac Series 62, Buick Roadmaster and Super, the Oldsmobile 90 and the Pontiac Custom Torpedo.
A second was based on the fastback GM B platform which ended up being shared by the Cadillac Series 61, the Buick Century and Special, the Oldsmobile 70 and the Pontiac Streamliner Torpedo.
However, it has been inferred that of the three, the third design was most likely to have been a LaSalle, with that platform being assigned exclusively to LaSalle, and that the second design, whose platform was shared with the Series 61, was the next most likely.
LaSalle sales had consistently exceeded Cadillac's since 1933, but since its introduction in 1935 the medium priced Packard One-Twenty had consistently outsold the LaSalle by an average of 72 percent over the six-year period 1935-40 inclusively.
LaSalle did not have the time to develop a prestigious name before the onset of the Great Depression and did not have the opportunity afterward.
There was nostalgia for the LaSalle name, and at various points in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, General Motors issued Motorama cars and proposed new consumer automobiles under the name.
Ordered to be destroyed, both the four-door hardtop and the roadster were shipped to the Warhoops Salvage Yard in Sterling Heights, Michigan; instead of being destroyed they were hidden in a corner of the facility.
When Cadillac was developing a new small luxury sedan, the LaSalle name was raised, but was passed over in favor of Cadillac Seville.
A joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance.
Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to access a new market, particularly emerging markets; to gain scale efficiencies by combining assets and operations; to share risk for major investments or projects; or to access skills and capabilities.
According to Gerard Baynham of Water Street Partners, there has been a lot of negative press about joint ventures, but objective data indicate that they may actually outperform wholly owned and controlled affiliates.
According to the DOC data, foreign joint ventures of U.S. companies realized a 5.5 percent average return on assets (ROA), while those companies’ wholly owned and controlled affiliates (the vast majority of which are wholly owned) realized a slightly lower 5.2 percent ROA.
Some major joint ventures include MillerCoors, Sony Ericsson, Vevo, Hulu, Penske Truck Leasing, and Owens-Corning – and in the past, Dow Corning.
In the UK, India, and in many Common Law countries a joint-venture (or else a company formed by a group of individuals) must file with the appropriate authority the Memorandum of Association.
It deals with the powers relegated by the stockholders to the directors and those withheld by them, requiring the passing of ordinary resolutions, special resolutions and the holding of Extraordinary General Meetings to bring the directors' decision to bear.
A Certificate of Incorporation or the Articles of Incorporation is a document required to form a corporation in the U.S. (in actuality, the state where it is incorporated) and in countries following the practice.
Though dealt with briefly for a shareholders' agreement, some issues must be dealt with here as a preamble to the discussion that follows.
There are many features which have to be incorporated into the shareholders' agreement which is quite private to the parties as they start off.
Also significant is what will happen if the firm is dissolved, if one of the partners dies, or if the firm is sold.
Often the most successful JVs are those with 50:50 partnership with each party having the same number of directors but rotating control over the firm, or rights to appoint the Chairperson and Vice-chair of the company.
Sometimes a party may give a separate trusted person to vote in its place proxy vote of the Founder at board meetings.
According to a report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2003, China was the recipient of US$53.5 billion in direct foreign investment, making it the world's largest recipient of direct foreign investment for the first time, to exceed the USA.
In many cases, technology transfers are effectively required by China's Foreign direct investment (FDI) regime, which closes off important sectors of the economy to foreign firms.
In order to gain access to these sectors, China forces foreign firms to enter into Joint ventures with Chinese entities they do not have any connection.
Until recently, no guidelines existed on how foreign investment was to be handled due to the restrictive nature of China toward foreign investors.
Following the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, initiatives in foreign trade began to be applied, and law applicable to foreign direct investment was made clear in 1979, while the first Sino-foreign equity venture took place in 2001.
Companies with foreign partners can carry out manufacturing and sales operations in China and can sell through their own sales network.
Foreign-Sino companies have export rights which are not available to wholly Chinese companies, as China desires to import foreign technology by encouraging JVs and the latest technologies.
Of these, five will be described or mentioned here: three relate to industry and services and two as vehicles for foreign investment.
Those five categories of Chinese foreign enterprises are: the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (EJVs), Sino-Foreign Co-operative Joint Ventures (CJVs), Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises (WFOE), although they do not strictly belong to Joint Ventures, plus foreign investment companies limited by shares (FICLBS), and Investment Companies through Foreign Investors (ICFI).
In the EJV mode, the partners share profits, losses and risk in equal proportion to their respective contributions to the venture's registered capital.
The JV contract accompanied by the Articles of Association for the EJV are the two most fundamental legal documents of the project.
The timing of investments must be mentioned in the Agreement and failure to invest in the indicated time, draws a penalty.
The limited-liability version is similar to the EJVs in status of permissions – the foreign investor provides the majority of funds and technology and the Chinese party provides land, buildings, equipment, etc.
The other format of the CJV is similar to a partnership where the parties jointly incur unlimited liability for the debts of the enterprise with no separate legal person being created.
In both the cases, the status of the formed enterprise is that of a legal Chinese person which can hire labor directly as, for example, a Chinese national contactor.
There is another advantage: the percentage of the CJV owned by each partner can change throughout the JV's life, giving the option to the foreign investor, by holding higher equity, obtains a faster rate of return with the concurrent wish of the Chinese partner of a later larger role of maintaining long-term control.
The feasibility study must cover the fundamental technical and commercial aspects of the project, before the parties can proceed to formalize the necessary legal documentation.
As such, it is allowed to enter into contracts with appropriate government authorities to acquire land use rights, rent buildings, and receive utility services.
WFOEs are expected by PRC to use the most modern technologies and to export at least 50% of their production, with all of the investment is to be wholly provided by the foreign investor and the enterprise is within his total control.
WFOEs are typically limited liability enterprises (like with EJVs) but the liability of the directors, managers, advisers, and suppliers depends on the rules which govern the Departments or Ministries which control product liability, worker safety or environmental protection.
An advantage the WFOE enjoys over its alternates is enhanced protection of its know-how but a principal disadvantage is absence of an interested and influential Chinese party.
Investment companies are those established in China by sole foreign-funded business or jointly with Chinese partners who engage in direct investment.
The total amount of the investor's assets during the year preceding the application to do business in China has to be no less than US$400 million within the territory of China.
On March 15, 2019, China's National People's Congress adopted a unified Foreign Investment Law, which comes into effect on January 1, 2020.
Private companies (only about $2500 is the lower limit of capital, no upper limit) are allowed in India together with and public companies, limited or not, likewise with partnerships.
Through capital market operations foreign companies can transact on the two exchanges without prior permission of RBI but they cannot own more than 10 percent equity in paid-up capital of Indian enterprises, while aggregate foreign institutional investment (FII) in an enterprise is capped at 24 percent.
However, if the M&As are in sectors and activities requiring prior government permission (Appendix 1 of the Policy) then transfer can proceed only after permission.
It is expected that in a JV, the foreign partner supplies technical collaboration and the pricing includes the foreign exchange component, while the Indian partner makes available the factory or building site and locally made machinery and product parts.
In Ukraine most of joint ventures are operated in the form of Limited liability company, as there is no legal entity form as Joint venture.
In Ukraine, JV can be established without legal entity formation and act under so called Cooperation Agreement (Dogovir pro spilnu diyalnist; Ukr.
Under Ukraine civil code, CA can be established by two or more parties; rights and obligations of the parties are regulated by the agreement.
Oʼodham (pronounced ) or Papago-Pima is a Uto-Aztecan language of southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico, where the Tohono Oʼodham (formerly called the Papago) and Akimel Oʼodham (traditionally called Pima) reside.
In 2000 there were estimated to be approximately 9,750 speakers in the United States and Mexico combined, although there may be more due to underreporting.
It is the 10th most-spoken indigenous language in the United States, the 3rd most-spoken indigenous language in Arizona after Western Apache and Navajo.
Due to the paucity of data on the linguistic varieties of the Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham, this section currently focuses on the Tohono Oʼodham and Akimel Oʼodham dialects only.
The greatest lexical and grammatical dialectal differences are between the Tohono Oʼodham (or Papago) and the Akimel Oʼodham (or Pima) dialect groupings.
Also, a short schwa sound, either voiced or unvoiced depending on position, is often interpolated between consonants and at the ends of words.
The Alvarez–Hale orthography is officially used by the Tohono Oʼodham Nation and the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community, and is used in this article, but the Saxton orthography is also common and is official in the Gila River Indian Community.
It is relatively easy to convert between the two, the differences between them being largely no more than different graphemes for the same phoneme, but there are distinctions made by Alvarez–Hale not made by Saxton.
There is some disagreement among speakers as to whether the spelling of words should be only phonetic or whether etymological principles should be considered as well.
Some believe it should be spelled phonetically as , reflecting the fact that it begins with , while others think its spelling should reflect the fact that it is derived from ( is itself a form of , so while it could be spelled , it is not since it is just a different declension of the same word).
Tamberelli was raised in Maywood, New Jersey and moved to Wyckoff, New Jersey, where he attended Ramapo High School, graduating in 2000.
Tamberelli is a graduate of Hampshire College, where he earned a bachelor's degree in Interdisciplinary Arts focusing on music performance and booking management.
Necrophobia is a specific phobia which is the irrational fear of dead things (e.g., corpses) as well as things associated with death (e.g., coffins, tombstones, funerals, cemeteries).
In a cultural sense, necrophobia may also be used to mean a fear of the dead by a cultural group, e.g., a belief that the spirits of the dead will return to haunt the living.
Symptoms include: shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, sweating, dry mouth and shaking, feeling sick and uneasy, psychological instability, and an altogether feeling of dread and trepidation.
The sufferer may also experience this sensation when something triggers the fear, like a close encounter with a dead animal or the funeral of a loved one or friend.
The fear may have developed when a person witnessed a death, or was forced to attend a funeral as a child.
Born in London, England, Orgel received his Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry with first-class honours from the University of Oxford in 1948.
Orgel started his career as a theoretical inorganic chemist and continued his studies in this field at Oxford, the California Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago.
Together with Sydney Brenner, Jack Dunitz, Dorothy Hodgkin, and Beryl M. Oughton he was one of the first people in April 1953 to see the model of the structure of DNA, constructed by Francis Crick and James Watson, at the time he and the other scientists were working at Oxford University's Chemistry Department.
According to the late Dr. Beryl Oughton, later Rimmer, they all travelled together in two cars once Dorothy Hodgkin announced to them that they were off to Cambridge to see the model of the structure of DNA.
All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick; Orgel himself also worked with Crick at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
In 1964, Orgel was appointed senior fellow and research professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory.
He was also an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and he was one of five principal investigators in the NASA-sponsored NSCORT program in exobiology.
Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analysis Team that designed the gas chromatography mass spectrometer instrument that robots took to the planet Mars.
Orgel's lab came across an economical way to make cytarabine, a compound that is one of today's most commonly used anti-cancer agents.
Together with Stanley Miller, Orgel also suggested that peptide nucleic acids – rather than ribonucleic acids – constituted the first pre-biotic systems capable of self-replication on early Earth.
Conference at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland along with many other prominent scientists exploring origin of life research such as Manfred Eigen, John Maynard Smith and Stephen Jay Gould.
Orgel died of pancreatic cancer on 27 October 2007 at the San Diego Hospice & Palliative Care in San Diego, California.
Orgel proposed a novel solution to a problem with Juan Oro's proposed mechanism of nucleobase synthesis on the early Earth, which relied on the reaction of five molecules of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to form adenine.
This would concentrate HCN molecules in the spaces in between the crystal lattice of ice, and also solved the problem of HCN being too volatile in a liquid water solution.
For nucleoside (nucleobase + ribose sugar) synthesis, Orgel suggested an almost opposite approach, heating a mixture of ribose and the purine nucleobases hypoxanthine, adenine, and guanine to dryness in the presence of magnesium ions.
This reaction puts the glycosidic bond in the correct position in two ways: the nucleobase attaches to the correct carbon on ribose, and in the correct orientation (the beta anomer).
However, the synthesis was later criticised because it only worked most with hypoxanthine, a nucleobase that is not relevant to current life on Earth, and because it was not specific for the ribose sugar and could instead be applied to other sugars.
Continuing his work studying the prebiotic synthesis of RNA, Orgel explored mechanisms by which inorganic phosphate and nucleotide phosphoryl groups could be chemically activated for condensation into nucleic acid polymers.
Starting in the 1960’s, Orgel explored a variety of cyanide-based activating agents which could have plausibly been present on a young earth.
A carbodiimide reagent was found to be effective at activating nucleotide phosphoryl groups and promoting the formation of short Adenosine dimers and trimers.
In 2018, John D. Sutherland and co-workers proposed that methyl isocyanide and acetaldehyde could combine to form a pre-biotic phosphate activating agent which could plausibly have formed under early-earth conditions.
Orgel also theorised that one single strand of RNA could have been the template for the first life on Earth and that these imidazole-activated nucleotides could have used this RNA template strand to polymerise and replicate.
Lohrmann and Orgel reported that the phosphorimidazolide derivative of adenosine monophosphate (in which a phosporyl group oxygen is substituted by an imidazole ring) forms short adenosine oligomers in the presence of poly-uridine templates.
Pb gave primarily 5’-2’ linked nucleotides while Zn gave primarily 5’-3’ linked nucleotides from guanosine phosphorimidazolides in the presence of a poly-cytidine template.
Montmorillonite clay was also shown to promote the polymerization of adenosine phosphorimidazolide into oligonucleotides tens of bases in length starting from a poly-adenosine 10-mer primer.
Though he later downplayed the hypothesis, Orgel, along with Francis Crick, proposed a detailed panspermia scenario for the origin of life on Earth, going so far as to suggest that life on Earth was designed by an alien species and sent to Earth.
This review highlighted many proposed syntheses for RNA and its parts in abiotic conditions, noted the significance of the discovery of ribozymes (RNA molecules that function as enzymes just as Orgel had once predicted) and at the same time, demonstrated nucleic acid polymers with alternatives to ribose such as threose nucleic acid (TNA) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA).
Fred Clifford Clarke (October 3, 1872 – August 14, 1960) was an American Major League Baseball player from 1894 to and manager from 1897 to 1915.
He and fellow Hall of Famers Honus Wagner and Vic Willis led Pittsburgh to a victory over Ty Cobb and the Detroit Tigers in the 1909 World Series.
At age two, his family moved as part of a covered wagon caravan from Iowa to Kansas before relocating to Des Moines, Iowa, five years later.
As a child in Des Moines, Clarke sold newspapers for the Iowa State Register where his boss was future Baseball Hall of Fame member, Ed Barrow.
In 1892, a professional team in Hastings, Nebraska sent a railroad ticket to Des Moines semiprofessional player Byron McKibbon, but McKibbon backed out and gave the ticket to Clarke instead.
In his second season, he asserted himself with a batting average of .347, 191 hits and 96 runs which were all best on the team by far.
Despite Clarke's excellent hitting and the presence of fellow Hall of Famers Honus Wagner and Rube Waddell, the team struggled for several years.
When the Colonels folded, Barney Dreyfuss became the owner of the Pittsburgh franchise and tapped Clarke, Wagner, Waddell, Deacon Phillippe, and others to accompany him.
In 1900, Clarke joined the Pittsburgh Pirates as a player and manager, roles he would embrace until his retirement in 1915. was arguably the best hitting season of Clarke's career as he led the Major Leagues in slugging average and OPS and led the National League in doubles.
In the first World Series, Clarke hit .265 but Boston's Cy Young and Bill Dinneen outpitched Pittsburgh overall and won the series in eight games.
In the 1909 World Series, Clarke batted only .211 but hit both of Pittsburgh's home runs and had more home runs and RBI than any player on either team.
Clarke also set a record for most walks for one player in a World Series game with four in Game 7.
The following season, his last as a regular player, 38-year-old Clarke made 10 putouts in left field in one game on April 25, 1911.
In addition to the four pennants and one World Series, Clarke managed Pittsburgh to five second-place seasons, three third-place seasons, and two 100-win seasons.
He was also allowed to sit in the dugout during games, making him manager Bill McKechnie's bench coach in all but name.
When slumping veteran (and eventual Hall of Famer) Max Carey—one of only two members of the 1909 world champions still on the team—got word that Clarke tried to pressure McKechnie into benching him, Carey demanded that Clarke be removed from the bench.
He was supported by the other member of the 1909 team who was still on the roster, Babe Adams, as well as another veteran, Carson Bigbee.
McKechnie initially appeared to side with Carey, Adams and Bigbee, but was forced to recant rather than risk appearing to criticize the front office.
They finished 84–69, third in the league behind the St. Louis Cardinals and the Cincinnati Reds, and McKechnie lost his job.
Fred Clarke was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as one of the first to be elected by the Old-Timers Committee.
In 1947, while fishing in northern Minnesota, he and his wife were thrown into icy northern Minnesota waters by a storm, but he was back out fishing the next day.
The Tasmanian temperate rain forests are part of the Australasia ecozone, which includes Tasmania and Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and adjacent islands.
Tasmanian rainforest is classified and as cool temperate rainforest, it represents the most floristically complex and best developed form of this forest type in Australia.
In Tasmania, they can be found in the West, Savage River National Park, South West, North East and in patches on the East Coast.
On the mainland of Australia, cool temperate rainforest have a wide variety of woodland trees, but Tasmania only has a limited number of woodland and vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts, lichen and fungi.
Because of this, the definition of Tasmanian cool temperate rainforest was redefined in the 1980s to allow for communities that did not meet the canopy requirements and clearly separate cool temperate rainforest from mixed forest; The current definition states that cool temperate rainforests are those with trees usually greater than in height and capable of regenerating in the absence of large scale catastrophic events, such as fire.
Table 1 Lyrebird nature walk, Mt Feild, Tasmania: species composition and structure of a mixed Callidendrous and Thamnic rainforest community; Height ~, 90% of ground litter cover, 5% rock and 5% bare ground.
The increase in understorey shrub is due to the larger number of gaps in the canopy, and the differing light requirements of competing species.
Table 2: The Creepy Crawly Nature Walk, Mt Field, Tasmania: Species composition in Thamnic rainforest community; Height ~, 95% of ground leaf cover, scattered rock and bare ground.
Implicate forests are at the other extreme, and mostly grow in organic soils or mineral soils derived from nutrient-poor rock types such as quartzites and silicous conglomerates.
In 1982, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated the northern portion of the ecoregion a World Heritage Site.
The term came into use at the end of the nineteenth century, and fell out of common use by the middle of the twentieth.
Recently, interest in nephology (if not the name) has surged as many meteorologists have begun to focus on the relationship between clouds and global warming.
Some nephologists believe that an increase in global temperature could decrease the thickness and brightness (ability to reflect light energy), which would further increase global temperature.
Recently research has been going on at CERN's CLOUD facility to study the effects of the solar cycle and cosmic rays on cloud formation.
The following is a list of FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Alaska, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats.
His oeuvre contains a wide variety of genres: lyric poetry, psychological and historical novels, novellas, short stories, fairy tales, feuilletons and sketches.
Couperus and his wife travelled extensively in Europe and Asia, and he later wrote several related travelogues which were published weekly.
When Louis reached the age of five, his youngest sister, Trudy, was twelve years old and his youngest brother, Frans, eleven.
In The Hague he followed lessons at the boarding school of Mr. Wyers, where he first met his later friend Henri van Booven.
The family settled in a house in Batavia, located on the Koningsplein and the mother of Couperus and his brother Frans (who was suffering from peritonitis) returned to the Netherlands in December 1873; his mother returned to the Dutch East Indies in April 1874.
In the summer of 1878 Couperus and his family returned to the Netherlands, where they went to live in a house at the Nassaukade (plein) 4.
school; during this period of his life, he spent a lot of time at the Vlielander-Hein family (his sister was married to Benjamin Marius Vlielander Hein); later their son, François Emile Vlielander Hein (1882–1919), was his favourite nephew, who helped him with his literary work.
At the HBS Couperus met his later friend Frans Netscher; during this period of his life, he read the novels written by Émile Zola and Ouida (the latter he would meet in Florence, years later).
When Couperus' school results did not improve, his father send him to a school where he was trained to be a teacher in the Dutch language.
In these days a person Couperus greatly admired for his sense of beauty and intelligence was writer Carel Vosmaer, whom he frequently met while walking in the center of The Hague.
In 1883 Couperus saw Sarah Bernhardt performing in The Hague, but was more impressed by her dresses than her performance itself.
On 1 February 1893 Couperus and his wife left for Florence, but they had to return because of the death of Couperus' mother.
In October 1895 Couperus and his wife travelled to Italy again, where they visited Venice; they stayed at a hotel near the Piazza San Marco, and Couperus studied the works of Tintoretto, Titian and Veronese.
With Elisabeth Couperus-Baud he left the Netherlands in May 1898 for a short trip to London, where they met friends and visited Ascot Racecourse; Alexander Teixeira de Mattos introduced Couperus and his wife during a high tea to English journalists and literary people.
Couperus and his wife then left for the Netherlands Dutch Indies and arrived at the end of March 1899 in Tanjung Priok.
Many of the details about the life and works of a resident in the Dutch East Indies Couperus derived from his brother-in-law De la Valette.
Meanwhile, Couperus received a letter from his friend Johan Hendrik Ram, in which Ram wrote that he and lieutenant Lodewijk Thomson were about to travel to South Africa to follow the course of the Boer Wars as military diplomats.
Couperus and his wife kept living in Nice, but Couperus went in January 1903 to Rome, where he met Pier Pander again and also received a letter from his publisher L.J.
In 1906 Couperus and his wife left for Bagni di Lucca (Italy), where they stayed at Hotel Continental and were introduced to Eleonora Duse.
Veen, saying that Couperus' books did not sell well, and so Couperus wrote a farewell letter to Veen in which he told Veen this was the end of their business relationship.
From this period on Couperus claimed that the days of novels were counted and that short stories (called short novels by Couperus) were the novels of the future.
In the second part of 1910, Couperus started to write a novel again, despite the fact he earlier had said he never would write one again.
He also paid a visit to the Borgia Apartment and wrote a number of sketches about Lucrezia and Pinturicchio, who had painted her.
Couperus spend the winter of 1911–1912 in Florence; meanwhile the Greco-Turkish War broke out and influenced life in Florence as well.
In December Couperus and his wife left for Sicily but spent some time in Orvieto, where they stayed in the same hotel that Bertel Thorvaldsen had once visited.
Those friends and admirers included but were not limited to Frans Bastiaanse, Emmanuel de Bom, Henri van Booven, Ina Boudier-Bakker, Marie Joseph Brusse (the father of Kees Brusse), Herman Heijermans and Willem Kloos.
Couperus returned to Florence later that year and attended the futuristic meeting of 12 December, which was also attended by Giovanni Papini and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, at whom potatoes were thrown.
Couperus admired them for their courage to speak despite the fact the public made so much noise they could hardly be heard.
He wrote an article about Papini's book, which he called magnificent, an almost perfect book, and he compared Papini with Lodewijk van Deyssel.
On 27 August 1914 the son of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, Luitpold, died of polio and Couperus went to see his body in the Theatrine Church.
The decor consisted of a Buddha and a painting made by Antonio da Correggio that Abraham Bredius had lent for this occasion.
Couperus later published his travelogues (made during his travels to Africa, Dutch East Indies and Japan) as a result in De Haagsche Post, as well as many epigrams.
The year 1919 was not a happy one for Couperus: his favourite nephew Frans Vlielander Hein died together with his wife when his ship was hit by a mine and L.J.
In Africa he visited Algiers, travelled to Constantine, Biskra, Touggourt and Timgad and then continued his journey to Tunis and the ruins of Carthage, where he met a pupil of Marie-Louis-Antoine-Gaston Boissier.
On 3 May 1921 Couperus and his wife returned to Marseille and travelled to Paris, in time to be present at the festivities held for the canonization of Joan of Arc.
He also met Frank Arthur Swinnerton during a lunch and went to a Russian ballet in the Prince's Theater, where the orchestra was conducted by Ernest Ansermet.
He also met with his English publisher, Thornton Butterworth, visited a small concert, where Myra Hess played and also had meetings with George Moore and George Bernard Shaw.
Hoppé after which he had a meeting with the Dutch consul in London, René de Marees van Swinderen and a diner at the house of H. H. Asquith.
The next day Couperus went to the Titmarsh club, where he met William Leonard Courtney, and heard Lady Astor, whom he had previously met in Constantine, speak in the House of Commons.
He and his wife left for the Dutch East Indies on 1 October 1921 and left the boat at Belawan, because they would stay with their friend Louis Constant Westenenk at Medan.
In Japan they visited Kobe and Kyoto; in this last place Couperus became seriously ill, was diagnosed with Typhoid fever and was sent to the International Hospital in Kobe.
During Couperus birthday party a sum of 12,000 guilders was handed over to him and speeches were held by Lodewijk van Deyssel and minister Johannes Theodoor de Visser; Couperus was also appointed knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion.
On 11 July 1923, Couperus was brought to hospital (in Velp), because the infection in his nose had not healed, but came back home a day later.
He fell into a coma on 14 July, remained in that state for two days with high fever and died on 16 July 1923.
Edward Shippen was appointed by Penn as first mayor under the charter of 1701, then was elected to a second term by the City Council.
No compensation was paid to the earliest office-holders, and candidates often objected strongly to their being selected, sometimes choosing even to pay a fine rather than serve.
In 1745, Alderman Abraham Taylor was fined thirty pounds for refusing the mayoralty; Council then elected Joseph Turner, who also refused and was likewise fined.
Others who refused election included Richard Hill (1717), Isaac Norris (1722), John Mifflin and Alexander Stedman, while William Coxe pleaded illness (1758), Samuel Mifflin (1761), William Coxe and Daniel Benezet (1762), and John Barclay and George Roberts (1792).
Robert Wharton declined in 1800 and 1811, amid serving for 14 one-year terms, making him the most-often-elected (16 times, including refusals) and longest-serving (14 years) mayor of Philadelphia.
In 1747, at the request of retiring Mayor William Attwood, Council resolved to institute an annual salary of 100 pounds for the office.
Nevertheless, that same year, Anthony Morris secretly fled to Bucks County to avoid being notified of his election to the mayoralty.
When after three days he could not be located, a new election had to be arranged, and Attwood was re-elected to a second term.
If no candidate won a majority of the popular vote, then the joint Councils (Select and Common) would decide between the two leading candidates.
The length of the term of office was extended to two years in 1854, to three years in 1861, and to four years in 1885.
The Battle of Heavenfield was fought in 633 or 634 between a Northumbrian army under Oswald of Bernicia and a Welsh army under Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd.
At the Battle of Hatfield Chase on 12 October 633, the invading Welsh and Mercians had killed Northumbrian king Edwin and Northumbria was split between its two sub-kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira.
Eanfrith, who had been exiled under Edwin, became king of Bernicia, whilst Deira was ruled by Osric, a cousin of Edwin.
However, the threat of Cadwallon lingered and Oswald had to raise an army as soon as possible to deal with his invading force.
Oswald, who may have been accompanied by a force of Scots, took up a defensive position beside the Roman Wall, about north of Hexham.
It was claimed that the night before the battle, Oswald had a vision of Saint Columba, in which the saint foretold that Oswald would be victorious.
Oswald placed his army so that it was facing east, with its flanks shielded by Brady's Crag to the north and the Wall to the south.
It is believed that the Welsh had greater numbers, but they were forced to attack from the east along the narrow front between the Wall and Brady's Crag, where they were hemmed in and unable to outflank the Northumbrians.
Many Welsh soldiers were cut down as they ran, and according to Bede, Cadwallon was caught around 16km south of Heavenfield and killed at a place called the 'Brook of Denis' (also Denisburn or Denis Burn), now identified as the Rowley Burn (sometimes Rowley Brook) near Whitley Chapel.
Oswald was only to spend eight years upon the Northumbrian throne before he was defeated and killed by King Penda of Mercia at the Battle of Maserfield, in Shropshire.
The road east of Chollerford that runs alongside the Roman Wall (B6318) has a wooden cross standing alongside it to mark the site of the Battle of Heavenfield.
On the hill to the north of the cross stands St Oswald's Church, Heavenfield, marking the spot where Oswald was believed to have raised his battle standard.
Another possibility is near Devil's Water, as per Max Adams; Bede names the site as Denisesburn, now known to be close to Devil's Water, per a 1233 charter to Thomas of Whittington discovered in 1864 (Tom Corfe, 1997).
Maurice Marie Émile Leblanc (; ; 11 December 1864 – 6 November 1941) was a French novelist and writer of short stories, known primarily as the creator of the fictional gentleman thief and detective Arsène Lupin, often described as a French counterpart to Arthur Conan Doyle's creation Sherlock Holmes.
After studying in several countries and dropping out of law school, he settled in Paris and began to write fiction, both short crime stories and longer novels.
The latter, heavily influenced by writers like Gustave Flaubert and Guy de Maupassant, were critically admired but had little commercial success.
Clearly created at editorial request under the influence of and in reaction to the wildly successful Sherlock Holmes stories, the roguish and glamorous Lupin was a surprise success and Leblanc's fame and fortune beckoned.
The character of Lupin might have been based by Leblanc on French anarchist Marius Jacob, whose trial made headlines in March 1905.
By 1907, Leblanc had graduated to writing full-length Lupin novels, and the reviews and sales were so good that Leblanc effectively dedicated the rest of his career to working on the Lupin stories.
Several times, he tried to create other characters, such as private eye Jim Barnett, but he eventually merged them with Lupin.
Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve is a small regional park mainly located in the city of Oakland, California, and administered by the East Bay Regional Park District.
The park is named for the canyon in which it's situated, Claremont Canyon, out of which Claremont Creek flows on its way to its confluence with Temescal Creek.
It was later used as a transportation route by Americans from the eastern United States who wished to settle in the area that had been dubbed California.
Despite its small size of , Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve forms an important link in the chain of parks that line the Berkeley Hills.
It thus offers direct pedestrian access to the park system, with connections to public transportation, from the lower-lying residential areas of Berkeley and Oakland.
The Preserve is relatively undeveloped and offers almost no amenities to visitors other than two hiking trails: Stonewall Panoramic Trail and Gwin Canyon Trail.
The steep path up to the ridge gives splendid views across the cities of Berkeley and Oakland, and beyond to San Francisco Bay, the Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco.
On clear days, especially in winter, the Farallon Islands, about 44 miles (70 km) away, can be seen beyond the Golden Gate.
Within the Preserve is a side canyon called Gwin Canyon with a trail accessible from the end of Norfolk Road near Strathmoor Drive in the Oakland Hills.
While the upper reaches of Claremont Canyon are technically outside the Preserve, there are an additional of open space contiguous to it owned and managed by the University of California.
Erwin Rohde (; October 9, 1845 – January 11, 1898) was one of the great German classical scholars of the 19th century.
He later was professor in Jena (1876), Tübingen (1878) and finally Heidelberg, where he died in 1898 after suffering from a gradual decline in health.
The Buick Electra is a full-size luxury car manufactured and marketed by Buick from 1959 to 1990 over six generations — having been named after heiress and sculptor Electra Waggoner Biggs by her brother-in-law Harlow H. Curtice, former president of Buick and later president of General Motors.
The Electra was offered in coupe, convertible, sedan, and station wagon body styles over the course of its production — with rear-wheel drive (1959-1984) or front-wheel drive (1985-1990, except station wagon).
For its entire production run, it ran on some form of GM's C platform, which it shared with the Oldsmobile 98 and Cadillac DeVille.
For 1959, the Super was renamed the Electra, the Roadmaster was renamed the Electra 225, and the unsuccessful Limited model was discontinued.
The Electra 225 Riviera was the top-line model and it shared its six window hardtop roofline exclusively with Cadillac (which offered it on all of its models).
Also, from 1950 through 1953, Buick made a premium trimmed, stretched wheelbase sedan, exclusively in the Roadmaster and Super lines, that was called Riviera.
A standard 4-window four-door hardtop was also available, as was a 4-door 6-window pillared sedan, along with a stripped chassis of which 144 were built in 1959 and 1960.
For 1959, the Electra and Electra 225 both used the General Motors C-body shared with the Oldsmobile 98 and all Cadillac, riding on a longer wheelbase than the B-body LeSabre and Invicta, both of which rode on .
The standard and only available engine was the 401 cubic-inch Wildcat V8 with four-barrel carburetor, 10.25 to 1 compression ratio and mated to a two-speed Dynaflow automatic transmission, which was also standard equipment along with power steering and power brakes using Buick's unique finned aluminum brake drums.
Standard Electra features included horizontal Red-line speedometer, two-speed electric windshield wipers, trip mileage indicator, cigar lighter, dual sunshades, Step-On parking brake, dual horns, Twin-Turbine automatic transmission, Foamtex seat cushions, electric clock, trunk light, glovebox light, power steering, power brakes, full wheelcovers and dual exhaust.
Reintroduced to Electras and other Buicks for 1960 were the chrome VentiPorts first introduced in 1949 and last seen in 1957.
Electra and Electra 225 models featured four VentiPorts on each front fender while lesser LeSabre and Invicta models had three VentiPorts.
A new two-spoke steering wheel with horn bars was introduced, replacing the time honored horn ring then still common to most automobiles.
The bucket seat option introduced on Electra 225 convertibles in 1959 was now available on Electra coupes and included a center consolette with storage compartment.
Standard Electra features included windshield wipers, trip mileage indicator, cigar lighter, dual sunshades, Step-On parking brake, dual horns, a single-key locking system, Twin-Turbine automatic transmission, Foamtex seat cushions, electric clock, trunk light, license plate frames, glovebox light, power steering and power brakes.
In addition Electra 225s had back-up lights, a Glare-proof rear view mirror, parking brake signal light, safety buzzer, map light and Super Deluxe wheelcovers as standard equipment.
The Electra, along with the Invicta and LeSabre, was redesigned for 1961 with drastically shrunken fins, and was joined with the all-new compact sized Skylark/Special.
An optional Custom interior featured leather trim, while another featured vinyl with contrasting vertical stripes and front bucket seats with a storage consolex and power two-way seat adjustment.
In addition Electra 225s had back-up lights, Glare-proof rearview mirror, parking lights, signal light, safety buzzer, courtesy lights, two-way power seat, Super Deluxe wheelcovers with gold accents and power windows.
Buick discontinued the Electra nameplate at the end of the 1961 model year, leaving only the Electra 225 starting in 1962.
The big Buick of 1962 carried four VentiPorts per front fender and featured a rakish sculptured restyle of its 1961 guise.
The hardtop coupe and standard hardtop sedan featured a convertible inspired semi-formal roofline, while the Riviera hardtop sedan continued to use six-window pillarless configuration.
A full length bright strip crowned the upper body ridge, while the tower rocker molding and wheelhouses were accented with bright trim.
Standard features included directional signals, full-flow oil filter, dual speed electric windshield washer/wipers, Deluxe steering wheel, cigar lighter, Step-on parking brake, dual armrests, Turbine-Drive transmission, padded dashboard, heater, defroster, glovebox light, back-up lights, power steering, Glare-proof rearview mirror, power brakes, power brake signal light, safety buzzer, courtesy lights, two-way power seats, power windows, Super Deluxe wheelcovers, Safety option group, custom padded cushions, Accessory Group options and custom moldings.
Buick's largest, plushest and most expensive models were restyled for 1963, with distinctive rear fenders culminating in a sharp vertical edge housing narrow back-up lights.
Interiors were cloth and vinyl combinations, while a Custom interior in vinyl and leather, with front bucket seats and a storage console, was available for the convertible and sport coupe.
Standard equipment included directional signals, full-flow oil filter, dual speed electric windshield wiper/washers, Deluxe steering wheel, cigar lighter, Step-On parking brake, dual armrests, Turbine-Drive automatic transmission, padded dashboard, heater, defroster, glovebox light, back-up lights, power steering, Glare-proof rearview mirror, power brakes, parking brake signal light, safety buzzer, courtesy lights, two-way power seats, power windows, Super Deluxe wheelcovers, Safety option group, custom padded cushions, Accessory Group options and custom moldings.
Buick dropped the Riviera name as a body style designation after the 1963 model year, shifting the Riviera name exclusively to Buick's new personal luxury coupe that had been introduced in 1963.
Vinyl and brocade cloth interior trims were found in closed models, while leather upholstery was offered for seats in the convertible.
Among the Electra's exclusive standard equipment were power steering; power brakes; two-speed electric wipers with windshield washer; foam padded seats; electric clock; license frame; trunk light; two-way power seat and power windows for the convertible; safety buzzer; and additional courtesy lights.
Engine offerings were unchanged from 1964 including the standard 401 V8, and two versions of the larger 425 V8 that were rated at with a four-barrel carburetor or with two four barrels.
Engine offerings were unchanged from 1965 with the exception that the dual-quad 425 was downgraded from a factory option to dealer-installed.
The year 1969 also brought a major restyling to the Electra 225 and other GM B-body and C-body cars with somewhat crisper bodylines than 1965–68 models, but continued with the same chassis and inner body structure introduced with the 1965 model, however the wheelbase was increased one inch to .
The standing quartermile was completed in 15.5 seconds at a terminal velocity of for the dual exhaust engine with the 2.73 gear ratio in a Custom Convertible.
The big news was under the hood, where a new 455 cubic-inch V8 replaced the 430 V8 used from 1967 to 1969.
New for 1970 was the Estate Wagon, which shared the Electra's 455 V8 and four VentiPorts, but was a B-body car like the LeSabre and the Wildcat and consequently shared the smaller cars' wheelbase and interior.
All Electra 225s were hardtops in the 1971 to 1973 model years, eliminating the previous four-door pillared sedan variant and the convertible.
In the first year for new GM C-body shared with Oldsmobile 98 and Cadillac, the 1971 Electra 225 rode on a new body chassis which retained the wheelbase with styling evolutionary from previous models.
Inside was a new wrap-around cockpit style instrument panel shared with B-body LeSabre and Centurion models that grouped all instruments with easy reach of the driver.
Under the hood, the 455-cubic-inch V8 was retained as standard equipment, but featured a lower compression of 8.5 to 1 compared to 10.25 to 1 in 1970 as part of a GM corporate mandate requiring all engines to run on 91 Research octane regular leaded, low-lead or unleaded gasolines.
Power front disc brakes were now standard equipment on Electras, replacing the finned aluminum drum brakes used in full-sized Buicks since the late 1950s.
Also new for the 1971 Electra 225, as well as the B-body LeSabre and Centurion, and E-body Riviera, was a new power ventilation system.
The system, shared with other GM B-, C- and E-body cars along with the compact Chevrolet Vega, used the heater fan to draw air into the car from the cowl intake, and force it out through vents in the trunk lid or tailgate.
Within weeks of the 1971 models' debut, however, Buick—and all other GM dealers—received multiple complaints from drivers who complained the ventilation system pulled cold air into the car before the heater could warm up—and could not be shut off.
From 1971 to 1976, Buick's full-sized Estate Wagon shared the wheelbase and 455 cubic-inch V8 with the Electra 225, and shared its interior and exterior styling from 1971 to 1974 (complete with the prerequisite four VentiPorts).
And although from 1975 to 1976 the number of VentiPorts were reduced by one, and the front fascia was downgraded to a LeSabre's, the Electra 225 style chrome rocker panel moldings and distinctive Electra 225 style rear quarter panels (albeit without fender skirts) remained.
The Estate Wagons, as did other GM full-sized wagons during these years, used a unique rear suspension with multi-leaf springs instead of the coil springs used on other full-sized Buicks, and other full-sized GM cars.
The Estate Wagons also featured a new 'clamshell' tailgate design where the rear power-operated glass slid up into the roof as the tailgate (manually or with power assist), slid into a recess under the cargo floor.
The power tailgate, the first in station wagon history, ultimately supplanted the manual tailgate, which required marked effort to lift from storage.
But it remained un-adopted by any other manufacturer, and would be eliminated when GM reduced the length of their wagons by about a foot in 1977, and the overriding concern became increased fuel economy.
At shipping weight, or about curb weight, the three-seat 1974 Estate Wagons are easily the heaviest Buicks ever built, even heavier than the Buick Limited limousines of 1936–42.
The trouble-prone ventilation system used in 1971 was replaced by a new system using vents in the doorjambs instead of the trunk-mounted vents of 1971.
A revised egg-crate grille above a new federally mandated front bumper and revised taillights were among the most noticeable changes for the 1973 Electra 225.
All engines now featured EGR valves to meet increasingly stringent 1973 emission standards (the EGR valve was featured on Buick engines for California cars in 1972).
New grillework and a new rear with revised taillights and a federally mandated rear bumper highlighted the 1974 Electra 225, still available in base and up level Electra Custom models.
Electra Limited models also got power windows, power driver's seat and a new digital clock as standard equipment, along with an optional leather upholstery trim, the first Buicks (along with that year's Riviera) to offer real leather seats since the 1963 Riviera.
The 1974 Buick Electra Limited had velour seats and door panels that were the same as the 1974 Oldsmobile 98 Regency.
The 455 V8 was revised to meet the 1974 federal and California emission standards with horsepower dropping from 250 in 1972–73 to 230 for 1974.
1974 was the last year for the pillarless hardtop coupe, although the 4 door hardtop would continue to be produced until 1976.
Inside, the wrap-around instrument panel was substantially revised and optionally available for the first time (and seldom ordered) was a driver's side airbag system with an exclusive steering wheel design.
This supposedly would allow engineers to lower the front end to reduce wind resistance, but this wasn't very apparent with the new design.
There was a choice of a base model Electra 225, whose trim and appointments were upgraded to the same level as the previous year's Electra 225 Custom, an upscale Limited, and the Park Avenue.
Inside, a new flat instrument panel (shared with LeSabre, Estate Wagon and Riviera) with horizontal sweep speedometer (silver facing with black lettering) replaced the wrap-around cockpit dash of previous years and door panel trim was revised.
The Park Avenue, originally an interior comfort and appearance package, gave buyers ultra-luxurious pillow-topped seating, a center console, velour headliner, thicker carpet, and an upscale door panel design.
This seating design was similar to the Cadillac Sixty Special with the Talisman (1974–1976) option and stayed with Park Avenue through the 1980 model year.
Some Park Avenues were built with the full size center console (unlike the Sixty Special's Talisman's half console), which eliminated the 6th passenger, in the front middle, between the driver and front passenger.
The grille did not extend under the headlights in 1976, but instead Buick moved the running lights and turn signal lights underneath the headlights, where the 1975 grille had once been.
The brake release handle was black instead of chrome, the seat material was slightly different, on the limited, notch-back diamond pattern seating.
The 1975 Buick Electra 225 Limited was the longest four-door hardtop car GM ever built, as the Cadillac Sixty Special (which was a bit longer) was unavailable as a hardtop sedan since the mid-sixties.
The 1971 model had , but that was reduced to by the 1976 model year; increasingly stringent exhaust emission limits reduced engine output, and an industry-wide 1972 change in rating systems reduced the horsepower numbers produced by any given engine.
The 455 was the standard engine on the Electra, but there were some built with Buick 350s during the GM strike, when 455 production halted.
The car was totally redesigned, but still offered base 225 and Limited trims, plus a top-line Park Avenue option package, which became available on the coupe.
That same year, the Electra gained the new THM200-4R automatic transmission, which featured a lock-up torque converter and a 0.67:1 overdrive ratio.
With the new transmission, the Electra could be equipped with a numerically higher rear axle ratio for better performance, while offering improved fuel economy with the overdrive range.
Cosmetically, a different grille and redesigned tail lights were the only notable cosmetic changes that year but 1979 brought a redesigned, flat front end and a subtly different taillight treatment featuring a Buick crest and bisecting horizontal silver line.
It didn't last as the 1980 Electra went back to its earlier 1977 roots but with a new grille featuring vertical slats.
The top-line Electra Park Avenue model continued to show 4 small depressions with stickers in the chrome moulding on its front fenders until they were completely gone in 1985.
Technically this was the last year of the rear wheel drive C-body, as it was renamed the D-body and would continue on under the Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, and later the 1987–92 Cadillac Brougham and finally the 1993–96 Cadillac Fleetwood.
The next large rear wheel drive Buick sedan would be the 1992–96 Roadmaster, sharing the same B-body as the Chevrolet Caprice and GM's last full-size rear wheel drive station wagons.
It had been a separate model in its own right since 1970, alternatively sharing chassis and styling with both the Electra and LeSabre.
In stark contrast to 1975–76 when it shared Electra's wheelbase and used the LeSabre's front end styling, the new Estate Wagon shared LeSabre's B-body and used Electra's front-end styling.
For 1985, a redesigned front-wheel drive Electra debuted with the new GM C body which was further downsized compared to the previous generation.
It was initially powered by a carbureted 3.0 liter Buick V6 engine, a fuel injected 3.8 liter Buick V6 engine, or a 4.3 liter Oldsmobile diesel V6 engine.
The sixth generation Electras were initially offered in both 2-door coupe and 4-door sedan body styles but the 2-door coupe versions were eventually discontinued in 1986 (Electra 380) and 1987 (Electra Park Avenue).
The original 3.8 L V-6 was still offered in some Electra models through the 1988 model year and was designated by the VIN code 3, while Electras with the 3800 V-6 were designated by the VIN code C. For 1989, the front seat belts became door-mounted, and back seat shoulder belts became standard.
With its longer list of standard equipment, the Park Avenue Ultra sedan actually carried a higher base price than the Cadillac Sedan de Ville.
During the 1985 to 1989 model years, the Electra name also continued to be used on the rear-wheel drive B-body station wagon.
It is one of the largest in Africa, consisting of about 15,000 personnel and aircraft including 12 Chinese Chengdu F-7s, 3 JF-17 Thunder Multirole Fighter, 13 Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, 12 Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano, Helicopter gunships, armed attack drones and military transport aircraft.
Although an Air Force was originally proposed in 1958, many lawmakers preferred to rely on the United Kingdom for air defence.
But during peacekeeping operations in Congo and Tanganyika, the Nigerian Army had no air transport of its own, and so in 1962, the government began to recruit cadets for pilot training in various foreign countries, with the first ten being taught by the Egyptian Air Force.
The Nigerian Air Force was formally established on 18 April 1964 with the passage of the Air Force Act 1964 by the National Assembly.
The head of the German Air Force Assistance Group (GAFAG) was Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, and he became the first commander of the NAF.
The nucleus of the NAF was thus established with the formation of the Nigerian Air Force headquarters at the Ministry of Defence.
The air force did not get a combat capability until a number of Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 aircraft were presented by the Soviet Union during the Nigerian Civil War.
On 13 August 1967, following several damaging attacks by Biafran aircraft, the USSR started delivering first MiG-17s from Egypt to Kano IAP, simultaneously sending a large shipment aboard a Polish merchant.
Later six Il-28 bombers, flown by Egyptian and Czech pilots, were delivered from Egypt and stationed at Calabar and Port Harcourt.
In July 1971 the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated that Nigeria had 7,000 air force personnel and 32 combat aircraft: six Ilyushin Il-28 medium bombers, eight MiG-17s, eight Aero L-29 Delfín jet trainers, and 10 P-149D trainers.
Six were acquired, and officers reportedly received US$3.6 million dollars in kickbacks, compared to a total purchase price of $45 million.
Jimi Peters wrote: '..the 1975-1980 NAF development plan restructured NAF ..formations' into group (air force) level units that reported to air force headquarters.
That structure, he went on, was found too cumbersome, and thus two intermediate command (military formation)s were formed in 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command and NAF Training Command.
Nigeria purchased 24 Aero L-39 Albatros armed jet trainers in 1986-87 and tried to obtain 27 more in 1991 but the International Monetary Fund vetoed the purchase.
The $251 million package included $220 million for 15 aircraft, plus $32 million for armaments, including 20 live PL-9C AAM, 10 training PL-9 rounds, unguided rockets, and 250/500 kg bombs.
Nigeria had previously considered a $160 million deal to refurbish its fleet of MiG-21's by Aerostar/Elbit Systems, IAI, and RSK MiG.
However, with the new F-7 purchase, the government of Nigeria has decided to suspend the refurbishment option and grounded its fleet of MiG 21's.
In September 2009 it was reported that U.S. Air Forces Africa and 118th Airlift Wing personnel had managed to make one of the Air Force's C-130s flyable again, and that it would be dispatched to Germany for further repairs.
On March 22, 2011, Air Commodore Yusuf Anas told The Associated Press that a Chinese-made F7 fighter crashed near Kano Airport.
On March 24, 2011, the new Air Officer Commanding of NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, said the newly established Air Force Mobility Command headquarters in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State is part of the Federal Government's strategy to protect its socio-economic interest in the Niger Delta.
He said also that the presence of the command's headquarters would bring about security and calm to the people of the state because the Nigerian Air Force is a disciplined and results-oriented, military organisation.
Recently the Nigerian Government has approached Pakistan for the purchase of joint Chinese-Pakistani made CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder multirole fighter aircraft; however, the number of aircraft to be purchased is yet to be finalized by Pakistan Aeronautical Complex and Nigeria.
In December 2015, the Government of President Muhammadu Buhari presented a budget to the National Assembly that included N5bn for 3 JF-17 aircraft.
The Nigerian Air force constructed the first indigenous UAV called the Gulma which was unveiled by the former president Goodluck Jonathan in Kaduna.
they are helping to keep our nation ahead in military science and technology and to keep their civilian counterparts on their toes.
On January 25, 2015, a photo appeared online at Beegeagle's Blog, appearing to show a CASC Rainbow CH-3 UCAV which crashed upside down near Dumge village in the Mafa District of Borno State.
onslaught, so it appears likely that the CH-3 in question was flying reconnaissance and fire support missions for the military when it crashed.
The use of armed drones by Nigerian forces in combat, makes Nigeria one of the first five countries to do that in combat history.
On September 28, 2018, a fatal air collision involving two F-7 aircraft occurred during a formation flying exercise involving an Aeritalia G.222 and three Alpha Jets as they practiced flight maneuvers for the 58th Independence Day celebrations in the capital, Abuja.
Both planes lost stability due to the collision and it resulted to the spiral lose of both jets and they both crashed at the Katampe district of Abuja.
The two pilots who were on the F-7Ni ejected and landed with minor G-force injuries, and the third pilot on the F-7 ejected and sustained head injuries due to the problems from the parachute as it deployed.
The pilot later died thereafter, on the way to the hospital as emergency services rushed to the scene of the crash.
The Nigerian Air Force were notified and responded with search and rescue for all three pilots, while witnesses helped in evacuating the pilots from their stricken planes.
On January 2, 2019, a Mi-35M attack helicopter from the Nigerian Air Force helicopter squadron crashed in Damasak, Borno state, after it was called in to provide close-air support for troops of the 145 Battalion, combating Boko Haram insurgents.
On October 15, 2019, the NAF winged its first female fighter pilot Kafayat Sanni and first female helicopter pilot Tolulope Arotile.
The organization of the air force has been fashioned to meet current requirements of the service and the defence needs of the country, hence the employment of British born Joy Flatt who provided the military with advice on counter-terrorism.
The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) is presently structured along a service Headquarters, 6 principal staff branches, 4 direct reporting units and 4 operational commands.
The Chief of the Air Staff also abbreviated as (CAS) is the principal or lead adviser to the President and also the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, the Minister of Defence and the Chief of Defence Staff, on air-related defence matters.
The Nigerian Air Force Headquarters (HQ NAF) is responsible for establishing long and short-term mission objectives and articulating policies, carrying out plans and procedures for the attainment of peace and stability.
The Headquarters NAF consists of the office of the Chief of the Air Staff and 8 staff or branches namely; Policy and Plans Branch, Operations Branch, Air Engineering Branch, Logistics Branch, Administration Branch, Accounts and Budget Branch, Inspections Branch and Air Secretary Branch respectively.
The Nigerian Air Force Regiment (NAF Regiment) is component part of the Nigerian Air Force and functions as a specialist airfield and defense corps.
After the attacks by Boko Haram on Nigerian Air Force installations, the command and the Chief Air Marshall decided to create a specialist unit capable of providing security and protecting the Air Force interests and its bases across the country, in especially conflict zones like the North East, Maiduguri.
Its training and nature of operations are equivalent to the RAF Regiment, the training was undertaken by the British Military Advisory and Training Team (BMATT).
This is a unit in the air force capable of the quick deployment of its forces to provide counter terrorism and security for various Nigerian Air Force installations, such as bases, military assets from which the Air Force operates from.
These security forces consists of elite military units such as special operations or paratroopers which are trained at a higher combat level than the regular military units.
A Hall of Famer, Sapp played college football for the University of Miami, where he was recognized as a consensus All-American and won multiple awards.
Sapp played in the National Football League (NFL) from 1995 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Oakland Raiders, making the Pro Bowl seven times.
In his nine seasons with the Buccaneers, he earned seven trips to the Pro Bowl and a Super Bowl ring in 2002.
His 96.5 career sacks (100 with playoffs included) are the second-highest career sacks for a defensive tackle and the 28th-highest overall for a defensive lineman.
His career was checkered by controversy from his hard-hitting style of play and occasional verbal outbursts, both on the field and off, some of which resulted in fines by the league, and he was once ejected from a game for unsportsmanlike conduct.
During the late 1980s, he was honored for outstanding football play at Apopka High School in Apopka, Florida at linebacker, tight end, place-kicker and punter.
A two- sport athlete in high school, he also played third base on the baseball team and hit a school record 24 home runs his junior year for the Blue Darters.
In high school football, his hard tackle of Johnny Damon in a game against Dr. Phillips High School team gave the future major league baseball star a concussion.
In 2007, Sapp was named to the Florida High School Association All-Century Team comprising the top 33 players in a hundred years of high school football in his home state.
Converted to defensive lineman while there, he won the Bronko Nagurski Trophy (for best defensive player), the Rotary Lombardi Award (for best lineman or linebacker) and the Bill Willis Award (for best defensive lineman), all in 1994.
After his illustrious college football career at the University of Miami as a defensive standout, Sapp was drafted into the NFL by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the first round of the 1995 draft (as the 12th pick overall).
Analysts at the time thought he would be drafted much higher, but partially due to reports of multiple failed cocaine and marijuana tests released the night before the draft many teams passed on him.
The NFL released a statement strongly denying the rumors, and Sapp today believes an anonymous snitch had intentionally sabotaged his draft chances.
He was almost immediately given the starting job as Buccaneer right defensive tackle which he held for his entire nine-year stay in Tampa.
He finished his rookie season with 27 tackles and one interception and continued to be a prolific, intimidating tackler for the Buccaneers, (51 tackles and nine sacks in 1996, 58 tackles and 10.5 sacks in 1997).
His Pro Bowl selection in 1997 was the first of seven straight, and he was honored as NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 1999.
He flourished in the Bucs' aggressive Tampa 2 defense, which allowed him to put his devastating combination of size and speed to good use.
He made five tackles and two sacks during that 2002–2003 postseason, and was a key component in the league-leading Buccaneer defense.
In 2004, Sapp was reportedly interested in accepting a contract offer from the Cincinnati Bengals for four years worth US $16 million, but on March 20 he announced he had agreed to terms on a seven-year, $36.6 million contract with the Oakland Raiders, the same team he had routed in the Super Bowl in early 2003.
He started all 16 games in his first season in Oakland, splitting time at defensive end and defensive tackle, recording 30 tackles (18 solo) and 2.5 sacks and recovering two fumbles after having lost an estimated 20 pounds before joining the Raiders for the 2004 season.
He started the first ten games of the season with 29 tackles (26 of them solo), and finished second on the team to Derrick Burgess with five sacks before being sidelined for the last six games of 2005 with a shoulder injury.
At the time of his retirement, Sapp was one of only twelve defensive players in NFL history to make the Pro Bowl, be named Defensive Player of the Year and win a Super Bowl or pre-Super-Bowl NFL title.
The others are Mean Joe Greene, Jack Lambert, Mel Blount, Lester Hayes, Mike Singletary, Lawrence Taylor, Bob Sanders, Deion Sanders, Reggie White, Ray Lewis, Rod Woodson, and Sapp's former teammate, Derrick Brooks.
He was selected to seven Pro Bowls, was named a first-team All-Pro four times and a second-team All-Pro twice, voted to the 1990s and 2000s All-Decade Teams, and earned Defensive Player of the Year honors after a 12.5-sack season in 1999.
On November 24, 2002, at Raymond James Stadium, Sapp was strongly criticized for a blindsided hit on the Green Bay Packers' Chad Clifton.
occurred during a Buccaneer interception return, when Sapp hit Clifton as the latter was jogging downfield, away from the main action.
The hit inflicted a severe pelvic injury and hospitalized Clifton for almost a week, after which he could not walk unaided for the next five weeks.
Sapp was not fined for the incident, but it added to his controversial image and he felt he had been made an example by the NFL by being fined for a second Monday night skipping incident (described below).
Despite losing to the Steelers in that nationally televised contest, Sapp and the Buccaneers went on to win Super Bowl XXXVII five weeks later.
Much anticipation and national interest going into the game had been generated by the return of former head coach Tony Dungy to Tampa.
The Colts wound up erasing a 21-point deficit in the final four minutes and defeating the Buccaneers 38-35 in overtime, sending the defending champions into a downslide.
The next Sunday, October 12, 2003, before the Buccaneers took on the Washington Redskins, Sapp, while running onto the field, bumped into an NFL referee and drew a $50,000 fine.
On December 23, 2007, Sapp got ejected after an altercation with the officials near the end of the second quarter of the Raiders' game at Jacksonville.
But Sapp and the rest of the Raider defense continued to mouth off at the officials, resulting in a second unsportsmanlike against Sapp and a third unsportsmanlike against teammate Derrick Burgess.
The PNC Bank loaned the group money, but by 2008 the real estate market tanked and the project ended in failure.
Sapp's partner for the competition was professional dancer Kym Johnson; the pair made it to the finals where they were eventually named runner-up of season 7.
In January 2013, Sapp worked with Dr. Jonathan Greenburg to raise awareness about the importance of getting tested and treated for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.
On February 7, 2010, Sapp was arrested in South Florida and charged with domestic battery while in Florida as an analyst for the NFL Network's coverage of Super Bowl XLIV, but following the arrest the NFL Network cancelled his appearance.
On February 2, 2015, the day after Super Bowl XLIX, Sapp was arrested on suspicion of soliciting a prostitute and assault.
In 2010, PNC bank was awarded a judgment of $988,691.99, and in December 2011 filed a monthly lien of $33,333 against Sapp's $45,000 NFL Network paycheck.
He was $876,000 behind on alimony and child support for his former spouse, owed $68,738 for unpaid property taxes in Windermere and owed money to attorneys, friends and a speech therapist as well.
On April 7, 2012, the Associated Press reported that Sapp had filed for bankruptcy in an effort to discharge debt from failed businesses.
In these Chapter 7 filings, he claimed to have lost his University of Miami championship rings and his Buccaneer Super Bowl ring.
He claimed no credit card debt and owns no automobiles, but owes National Car Rental $90,685 through his business, Nine-Nine LLC.
In most cases live programming is not being recorded as it is shown on TV, but rather was not rehearsed or edited and is being shown only as it was recorded prior to being aired.
Because of the prohibitive cost, adoption was slow, and some television shows remained live until the 1970s, such as soap operas.
In general, a live television program was more common for broadcasting content produced specifically for commercial television in the early years of the medium, before technologies such as video tape appeared.
As video tape recorders (VTR) became more prevalent, many entertainment programs were recorded and edited before broadcasting rather than being shown live.
Most other daytime talk shows and late night programs are taped before a live studio audience earlier in the day and edited for later broadcast.
Major entertainment events, such as award shows and beauty pageants, are often broadcast live in primetime hours based on U.S. East Coast's schedule.
The Golden Globe Awards and the Billboard Music Awards are broadcast live across the continental U.S. region, while the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Grammy Awards are, in recent years, aired live in all territories in the U.S.
Most local television station newscasts are broadcast live in the U.S. as they are an essential medium for providing up-to-the-minute weather forecasts and breaking news stories.
Local television stations break into regularly scheduled programming in the event of severe weather warnings or major local breaking news stories that occur within their viewing area.
Cable news outlets (such as CNN and Fox News Channel) air continuous live programming during the day, and air rebroadcasts of earlier live shows during the late night hours, except in cases where breaking news occurs.
With the exception of special breaking news reports and overseas sporting events, broadcast television networks rarely display such a graphic during its live programming.
Local television station newscasts display time and temperature during their broadcasts, and only display the word LIVE when they air a news report or a live shot on location.
Some networks have begun to insert (in addition to the word LIVE) the local time of where that news report is originating from, particularly when that report is airing live via satellite from overseas.
As of the current decade, major sporting events like the Super Bowl, World Cup and Olympic Games have been broadcast entirely live in all U.S. territories, encompassing both prime time hours of both U.S. coasts, simultaneous with the live global telecasts of these events in accordance with the official international broadcasters of such games.
Other events that air live all across U.S. territories include multi-network coverage of U.S. presidential and congressional elections, U.S. presidential inaugurations, the State of the Union Address, presidential news conferences, Presidential Addresses to the Nation, the Tournament of Roses Parade, and funerals of major national or international public and religious figures.
Local television stations air live local election coverage and special events, such as large scale parades, big city marathons, funerals of major local public and religious figures, inauguration ceremonies of big city mayors and governors, installation masses of cardinals or bishops in a major Catholic archdiocese, and pep rallies for a major sports team.
Live television is often used as a device, even in scripted programming to take advantage of these often to great success in terms of attracting viewers.
Many television news programs, particularly local news ones in North America, have also used live television as a device to gain audience viewers by making their programs appear more exciting.
This technique has attracted criticism for its overuse (like minor car accidents which often have no injuries) and resulting tendency to make stories appear more urgent than they actually are.
The unedited nature of live television can pose problems for broadcasters because of the potential for mishaps, such as anchors being interrupted or harassed by bystanders shouting profane phrases.
In 2015, a female CityNews journalist confronted a group of young men who had used the phrase; one of them later lost his job after he was identified.
Many events have happened on live television broadcasts that are well-remembered, sometimes because they were part of a major breaking news story already, and always because they happened unexpectedly and before audiences of thousands or millions of viewers.
Although all programs were once live, the use of video tape means that very few television programs in the modern era have ever attempted such a feat.
In the U.S. and Canada, the episode is occasionally performed twice: once for the east coast which is composed of the Eastern Time Zone and Central Time Zone and again three hours later for the west coast which is composed of the Mountain Time Zone and the Pacific Time Zone unless they have Dish Network or Direct TV who provides the live feed in all states.
Some recent examples of live episodic TV series include shows such as Melissa and Joey (2010), Whitney (2011) and Undateable (2014).
A live television advertisement was shown for the first time in 40 years to celebrate the arrival of the new Honda Accord in the United Kingdom.
It was broadcast on Channel Four on 29 May 2008 at 20:10 during a special episode of 'Come Dine With Me'.
This was such a hit that the show was restaged and rebroadcast (this time on videotape) with the same two stars and most of the rest of the cast in 1960, and rerun several times after that.
This program aired live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and was the first television musical special to air live on NBC in almost fifty years.
The Knife River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 120 mi (193 km) long, in North Dakota in the United States.
Much of the terrain surrounding the river valley still remains in native grasslands, supporting many species of wildlife, including Whitetail Deer, Mule Deer, Coyote, Fox, Native Grouse, Pheasant, etc.
Many of the small tributaries such as the Little Knife support local farms and ranches; some have been family owned for over 100 years.
The river consistently floods after spring melting (frequently as high as 10,000 cfs) but is two to three magnitudes lower during the summer months.
The confluence of the river (near Stanton, ND) was largely blocked by sand after the Missouri River flood of 2011 but had cut a new channel by the summer of 2012.
Robert Lee Morris is a jewelry designer and sculptor who attributes much of his inspiration to forms he admires in nature.
His designs have been made in gold, silver and bronze and he is known for his 24 carat matte gold plating and rich deep red copper and green patina.
He has collaborated or designed collections for fashion designers Geoffrey Beene, Kansai Yamamoto, Calvin Klein, Anne Klein, Karl Lagerfeld, Michael Kors and Donna Karan.
He graduated from Beloit College with honors in 1969.By the time Morris turned 18 years old, his family had moved 23 times around the world.
Morris was discovered in 1971 by New York gallery owner Joan Sonnabend and first exhibited at her art jewelry outpost in the Plaza Hotel called Sculpture to Wear.
Shortly after the closing of Sculpture to Wear in 1977, he opened the first edition of Artwear Gallery at 28 East 74th Street on the Upper East Side, near the couture district on Madison Avenue.
A few years later a second, larger location opened nearby, followed by another on Madison Avenue in what is now the Sony building.
Morris closed Artwear in 1995 and the RLM Robert Lee Morris Gallery opened in September 1995 at 400 West Broadway, focusing exclusively on Morris's own work.
In 2007, Robert Lee Morris was the first jewelry designer to ever be awarded the Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA).
In 2017, MAC Cosmetics collaborated with Robert Lee Morris on a limited collection of products, lipstick, powder, blush, and brushes, all in signature sculptural forms.
Acquired in November 2017 by Global Brands Group, the Robert Lee Morris brand is poised to expand into many new categories, home, leathergoods, watches, and other accessory areas.
Richard Cumberland (15 July 1631 (or 1632) – 9 October 1718) was an English philosopher, and Bishop of Peterborough from 1691.
Cumberland was a member of the Latitudinarian movement, along with his friend Hezekiah Burton of Magdalene College, Cambridge and closely allied with the Cambridge Platonists, a group of ecclesiastical philosophers centred on Cambridge University in the mid 17th century.
He was educated in St Paul's School, where Samuel Pepys was a friend, and from 1649 at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship.
He took the degree of BA in 1653; and, having proceeded to the MA in 1656, was incorporated the following year into the same degree in the University of Oxford.
For some time he studied medicine; and although he did not adhere to this profession, he retained his knowledge of anatomy and medicine.
Among his contemporaries and intimate friends were Hezekiah Burton, Sir Samuel Morland, who was distinguished as a mathematician, and Orlando Bridgeman, who became Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.
Cumberland's first preferment, bestowed upon him in 1658 by Sir John Norwich of the Rump Parliament, was the rectory of Brampton Ash in Northamptonshire.
The Lord Keeper, who obtained his office in 1667, invited him to London, and in 1670 secured for him the rectory of All Saints at Stamford.
The preface contains an account by Payne of the life, character and writings of the author, published also in a separate form.
One day in 1691 he went, according to his custom on a post-day, to read the newspaper at a coffee-house in Stamford, and there, to his surprise, he read that the king had nominated him to the bishopric of Peterborough.
The bishop elect was scarcely known at court, and he had resorted to none of the usual methods of advancing his temporal interest.
The persuasion of his friends, particularly Sir Orlando Bridgeman, at length overcame his repugnance; and to that see, though very moderately endowed, he for ever after devoted himself, and resisted every offer of translation, though repeatedly made and earnestly recommended.
He died on 8 October 1718, in the eighty-seventh year of his age; he was found sitting in his library, in the attitude of one asleep, and with a book in his hand.
Its main design is to combat the principles which Hobbes had promulgated as to the constitution of man, the nature of morality, and the origin of society, and to prove that self-advantage is not the chief end of man, that force is not the source of personal obligation to moral conduct nor the foundation of social rights, and that the state of nature is not a state of war.
Hobbes did not deny that there were laws of nature, laws antecedent to government, laws even in a sense eternal and immutable.
They had sought to prove that there were universal truths, entitled to be called laws of nature, from the concurrence of the testimonies of many men, peoples and ages, and through generalizing the operations of certain active principles.
Cumberland admits this method to be valid, but he prefers the other, that from causes to effects, as showing more convincingly that the laws of nature carry with them a divine obligation.
It shows not only that these laws are universal, but that they were intended as such; that man has been constituted as he is in order that they might be.
He thinks it ill-advised to build the doctrines of natural religion and morality on a hypothesis which many philosophers had rejected, and which could not be proved against Epicureans, the principal impugners of the existence of laws of nature.
He cannot assume, he says, that such ideas existed from eternity in the divine mind, but must start from the data of sense and experience, and thence by search into the nature of things to discover their laws.
He would not even oppose the doctrine of innate ideas, because it looked with a friendly eye upon piety and morality.
He granted that it might, perhaps, be the case that ideas were both born with us and afterwards impressed upon us from without.
Cumberland maintained that the whole-hearted pursuit of the good of all contributes to the good of each and brings personal happiness; that the opposite process involves misery to individuals including the self.
Cumberland never appealed to the evidence of history, although he believed that the law of universal benevolence had been accepted by all nations and generations; and he abstains from arguments founded on revelation, feeling that it was indispensable to establish the principles of moral right on nature as a basis.
His method was the deduction of the propriety of certain actions from the consideration of the character and position of rational agents in the universe.
His utilitarianism is distinct from the individualism of some later utilitarians; it goes to the contrary extreme, by almost absorbing individual in universal good.
Nor does it look merely to the lower pleasures, the pleasures of sense, for the constituents of good, but rises above them to include especially what tends to perfect, strengthen and expand our true nature.
Existence and the extension of our powers of body and mind are held to be good for their own sakes without respect to enjoyment.
Cumberland's views on this point were long abandoned by utilitarians as destroying the homogeneity and self-consistency of their theory; but John Stuart Mill and some other writers have reproduced them as necessary to its defence against charges not less serious than even inconsistency.
Reward and punishment, supplemented by future retribution, are, in his view, the sanctions of the laws of nature, the sources of our obligation to obey them.
To the other great ethical question, How are moral distinctions apprehended?, he replies that it is by means of right reason.
But by right reason he means merely the power of rising to general laws of nature from particular facts of experience.
It is no peculiar faculty or distinctive function of mind; it involves no original element of cognition; it begins with sense and experience; it is gradually generated and wholly derivative.
This doctrine lies only in germ in Cumberland, but will be found in full flower in Hartley, Mackintosh and later associationists.
It was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1974 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1974.
The book explores the psychological, physical, and personal challenges that manifest when time travel is possible for a single individual at the touch of a button.
References to both the American Airlines Flight 191 crash and the destruction of the World Trade Center Twin Towers, events which did not occur until 6 years and 28 years respectively after initial publication, were added in the 2003 edition.
He meets an alternate version of himself, who accompanies him to a race-track where the pair make a fortune betting on horse-racing.
The following day, Daniel realises that it is his turn to guide his younger self through the previous day at the races; through this and other events the time-travelling Daniel learns more about the belt, about the nature of the 'timestream', and about his personal identity.
Daniel repeatedly encounters alternate versions of himself and enjoys his own company, ultimately having sex with himself and beginning a relationship with himself.
He learns that the changes he has made to his timeline have erased all traces of his childhood and early life.
Though he has been able to become closer to himself than he has in any other relationship, at some point he comes to find that he no longer meets other versions of himself.
Lonely and hoping to correct the situation, he jumps many millennia backwards in time, where his jumps have not altered the timeline, and there he meets a female version of himself called Diane.
Diane's future is a mirror of Daniel's - she was given the Timebelt by her Aunt Jane, and she had also begun a relationship with her other selves, called Donna.
Daniel and Diane secretly desire a son and a daughter, respectively, and unbeknownst to each other jump and use future technology to make their own changes to ensure that Diane gives birth to the desired child.
As Daniel ages, he misses the relationship he had with Diane, but the interference of an obsessive version of himself has erased the point in the past where the two can meet.
He spends much of his time at a house party set in 1999, enjoying the company of dozens of versions of himself at different ages.
At one point late in the party an elderly Daniel dies after a jump, and Daniel is consumed with the thought of his own inevitable death.
Daniel eventually realises that he has now become his Uncle Jim, and that his son will grow up to be the young version of himself who will inherit the Timebelt, and that his life has 'come full circle'.
He makes preparations for after his death to ensure that the young Daniel experiences the same events that he did when he was the same age and have his own experience with time travel.
The book ends with the young Daniel, who has read the now-complete diary, having to decide whether he will use the Timebelt.
Almost all of the different characters in the story are, in fact, alternate versions of Daniel from another point in time.
The next day, when it becomes Dan's turn to meet a version of himself from yesterday, he adopts the role of Don.
The female version of Danny has a similar relationship with alternate versions of herself; she is Diane when she meets a version of herself from the future, but when she plays the role of the future traveler, she adopts the name Donna.
After they find out about Diane's pregnancy, Daniel and Diane respectively desire a son and a daughter who are exactly like them.
Unbeknownst to each other they both use future technology to make their own changes to ensure that Diane gives birth to the desired child, creating timelines in which they have a son and daughter, and after their separation take the child of their own sex back to their future, creating the loops of the man and woman.
His Uncle Jim gives him the Time-belt, which Daniel in turn passes on to himself as a teen when he becomes old enough to play the role of Uncle Jim.
Also, the fact that an older version of Danny and a female version of him have a child together ensures that Danny is essentially his own parents; the child is identical and becomes Danny, living Danny's life while Danny, in turn, adopts the surrogate role of Uncle Jim.
This would also suggest that at some iteration, his teenage version (at the end of the book) chooses not to use the Time-Belt in such a fashion as to create said loops - while other versions of him continue creating loops for themselves which support their own continuity.
The main campus is a designated arboretum and is located primarily in the University Neighborhood, about five miles (8 km) south of downtown Denver.
In March, 1864, John Evans, former Governor of the Colorado Territory, appointee of President Abraham Lincoln, founded the Colorado Seminary in the newly created (1858) city of Denver, which was then a mining camp.
The first buildings of the university were located in downtown Denver in the 1860s and 1870s, but concerns that Denver's rough-and-tumble frontier town atmosphere was not conducive to education prompted a relocation to the current campus, built on the donated land of potato farmer Rufus Clark, some seven miles (11 km) south of the downtown core.
The university grew and prospered alongside the city's growth, appealing primarily to a regional student body prior to World War II.
After the war, the large surge in GI bill students pushed DU's enrollment to over 13,000 students, the largest the university has ever been, and helped to spread the university's reputation to a national audience.
Still a fully operational observatory, it is open to the public twice a week as well as one Saturday a month.
Donald and Susan Sturm, owners of Denver-based American National Bank, had given $20 million to the University of Denver College of Law.
The gift is the largest single donation in the 112-year history of the law school and among the largest gifts ever to the university.
Additionally, the university opened the $70 million Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts, which houses the acclaimed Lamont School of Music.
In the last two years, DU has also built and opened a new building for the School of Hotel, Restaurant, and Tourism Management (Fritz Knoebel School of Hospitality Management).
Inside the building there are numerous classrooms, a large wine cellar, meeting rooms, and an all-purpose dining room that hosts numerous city and university events, weddings, and formal parties.
The university has the 11th highest telescope in the world located at 14,148 feet near the summit of Mount Evans called the Meyer-Womble Observatory.
This telescope is most commonly used by the university's Natural Science and Mathematics Department, and more specifically the Department of Physics and Astronomy at DU.
Nagel Residence Hall was completed in the Fall of 2008 to house upperclassman and is one of the most unusual buildings on campus, offering a wide collection of art throughout the building donated by the Nagel family.
DU completed the first ever (Peter S. Barton) lacrosse-only stadium that was specifically designed for the sport in 2005, as well as Ciber Field soccer stadium (2010) on the northern end of campus, adjoining the Nagel studio space for the School of Art, as well as the Pat Bowlen varsity sports weight training facility underneath the stands.
At the beginning of the summer of 2011, the 41-year-old Penrose Library closed for a $32 million renovation, and reopened in the Spring of 2013 as the Anderson Academic Commons, a 21st-century high-tech collaboration and study space - one of the most advanced and technologically capable libraries among universities throughout the country.
Johnson McFarlane Hall was energy star certified in September 2011 as one of the most energy efficient buildings on campus, and is the oldest co-ed dorm in the western United States.
The University of Denver has an undergraduate student body of 5,758 in 2015, and a graduate student body of 6,389, with a total student enrollment of 11,476.
Of the class of 2011, 67.0% are White, 2% are Black, 6.8% are Hispanic, 5.2% are Asian or Pacific Islander, 1–2% are American Indian, 11% are international (there were more than 1,400 international students ), and 9.1% are race/ethnicity unknown.
For 2011 the average accepted high school student obtained a 3.74 GPA, SAT range of 1220 to 1500 and, an ACT of 28.
Roughly over 50% of the incoming freshman class for 2011 was in the top 10% of their graduating high school class.
The University of Denver likes to promote inclusiveness; therefore, there are numerous programs and people available to help transfer (or international students).
The University of Denver has almost 70.2% of its undergraduate student body study abroad before graduation, placing it first in the nation among all doctoral and research institutions in percentage of undergraduate students participating in study abroad programs.
The Aspen Institute's 2011–2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes, a biennial survey and alternative ranking of business schools, recently ranked the Daniels College of Business the 15th best MBA program in the world.
The survey puts emphasis on how well schools are preparing their students for the environmental, social, and ethical complexities of modern-day business.
Aside from the Sturm College of Law, the university operates on a quarter system, sometimes known as trimester academic calendar, in which an academic year is divided into three academic quarters lasting 10 weeks per each quarter.
Offering students a learning experience abroad, the Cherrington Global Scholars program offers every undergraduate the chance to study abroad at no cost above the normal university tuition, room and board.
The art and music scene of DU is on the rise due to the recent construction of the Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts.
The Lamont School of Music is a structured conservatory setting which allows students to focus on their talents in a competitive manner.
With the recent addition of more faculty members and renovation beginning on Margery Reed Hall, the Theatre Department has become a magnet for theatre students in the region.
Much of the faculty have many professional connections with local theatre companies (Curious, DCPA), as well as contacts in San Francisco, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and many other regions, providing students with many available options for internships and quick job placement.
The university has established the Emergent Digital Practices program, focusing on art, design, media, culture, and technology studies in a hands-on, collaborative environment.
In 2003, the University of Denver Association of Trial Lawyers of America trial team won the national championship in New Orleans, taking Harvard's title from the previous year.
This center provides funding for the Partners in Scholarship program, offering students the opportunity to work directly with a faculty member over the course of a quarter or over the summer.
The student may design the research project with the faculty member's approval or may work with a faculty member on an existing research project, thus affording students an opportunity for close mentorship and relationship-building that strengthens the student's overall learning experience.
The Ricks Center for Gifted Children is a private school on the campus of DU that teaches preschool through eighth grade.
On the 2015–16 academic year, DU had about 70 percent of participation leading them to be the fourth in the national rank.
The director of the Office of International Education, Denise Cop, acknowledged that there is an increase in cultural self-awareness and knowledge of cultural worldview frameworks of the students that go study abroad.
The top destinations of DU students are United Kingdom, Spain and Italy, however many students go to universities in Australia, New Zealand and Scotland.
DU's Office of International Education also offers to their students support and advice for all undergraduate students who want to study abroad.
The school has been fielding athletic teams since 1867, winning 33 NCAA Division One titles since 1949—among the top 15 of all schools.
Ice hockey is DU's flagship spectator sport, with eight NCAA titles (tied for second among all schools), most recently in 2017 and including back-to-back crowns in 2004 and 2005.
The program has produced 75 NHL players and regularly sells out the 6,000 seat Magness Arena on campus, the showpiece of the Ritchie Center for Sports and Wellness.
Denver moved its primary affiliation from the Western Athletic Conference to The Summit League, hockey moved from the Western Collegiate Hockey Association to the National Collegiate Hockey Conference, and men's lacrosse moved from the ECAC Lacrosse League to the Big East Conference.
In addition, the women's gymnastics team joined the newly formed Mountain Rim Gymnastics Conference in 2013 and later moved to the Big 12 Conference in July 2015.
Previous mascots were Pioneer Pete (1920s to 1968), Denver Boone (1968 to 1998), and Ruckus the red-tailed hawk (1998 to 2007).
A 2013 task force generated three new mascot options, but none of them carried enough votes from the University community to merit selection.
Because of differing recipes and changing ingredient availability over the course of the 20th century, it is difficult to precisely qualify what distinguishes devil's food from the more standard chocolate cake, though it traditionally has more chocolate than a regular chocolate cake, making it darker.
Its antithetical counterpart, the angel food cake, is a very light white cake that uses stiffly beaten egg whites and no dairy.
Devil's food cake is sometimes distinguished from other chocolate cakes by the use of additional baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), which raises the pH level and makes the cake a deeper and darker mahogany color.
Devil's food cake was invented in the United States in the early twentieth century, with the recipe in print as early as 1905.
The Heart River rises in the prairie country of Billings County, in the Little Missouri National Grassland near the south unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
It flows generally eastwardly through Stark County to Gladstone, past Belfield and South Heart, through the Patterson Reservoir and past Dickinson.
It is joined by the Green River at Gladstone, and turns east-southeastward into Grant County, passing through Lake Tschida, which is formed by the Heart Butte Dam.
The Green River is a tributary of the Heart River, approximately 20 mi (32 km) long, in western North Dakota in the United States.
It rises in the prairie country of southwestern Billings County, near Saddle Buttes, and flows ESE past New Hradec, and joins the Heart near Gladstone.
Antiques Roadshow is a British television programme broadcast by the BBC in which antiques appraisers travel to various regions of the United Kingdom (and occasionally in other countries) to appraise antiques brought in by local people.
The programme began as a 1977 BBC documentary about a London auction house doing a tour of the West Country in England.
The show has since visited a number of other countries (including Canada in 2001 and Australia in 2005) and has been imitated by other TV production companies around the world.
Glassware expert Andy McConnell later valued a collection of chandeliers at seven million pounds (their actual insurance value), noting as he did so that this beat Mould's record; however these were fixtures of the building in which the show was being filmed (Bath Assembly Rooms) rather than an item that had been brought in.
In reality, the two most expensive objects to be sold as a result of being discovered on the show are the 1932 camera found by Marc Allum, which realised over $600,000 (US) in 2013 and the Christofle et Cie Japonisme jardiniere filmed by Eric Knowles, which sold for £668,450 (including buyers premium).
They are seldom shown in the broadcast episodes, to spare embarrassment for the individuals involved, although counterfeit objects are sometimes included, to give experts an opportunity to explain the difference between real and fake items.
Value is not the only criterion for inclusion; items with an interesting story attached, or of a provenance relevant to the show's location, will often be featured regardless of value.
All items are appraised, although most appraisals take place off-camera, with only the most promising items (around 50 on an average day) being filmed, of which about 20 appear in the final programme.
3 (for several years in a Moog synthesiser version by Wendy Carlos), but was changed in the early 1990s to an original piece.
Visitors (predominantly from the local area) bring along their possessions to be evaluated for authenticity and interest (especially related to the venue) and an approximate valuation is given.
Often, the professional evaluators give a rather in-depth historical, craft, or artistic context to the item, adding a very strong cultural element to the show.
This increases the show's appeal to people interested in the study of the past or some particular crafts, or certain arts, regardless of the monetary value of the objects.
In 2005, part of the BBC team visited Australia and produced six one-hour episodes in conjunction with The LifeStyle Channel (XYZnetworks).
Shown on the public broadcaster AVRO (since the end of 2014 by AVROTROS), the programme is usually set in a museum in the Netherlands or sometimes in Belgium and Germany.
The programme has been presented by (1984-2002) and (2002-2015), celebrating its 30th series in 2014 and has featured a new presenter, , as of September 2015.
As of 2019, 30 seasons have been shown and most of the experts have been with the programme since its start.
Hugh Scully hosted a Beaulieu based show on 3 January 1993, a Jamaican based show on 14 February 1993, a Cork based show on 13 February 1994 and a Brussels based show on 16 April 1995, all on the BBC.
Spring Creek is a tributary of the Knife River, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in western North Dakota in the United States.
It rises in the Killdeer Mountains, in Dunn County, and flows east across the prairie country, past Killdeer, Dunn Center, Halliday, and Zap.
It is a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate (enlarge) via the release of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor.
A class of drugs called angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibtors) increase bradykinin levels by inhibiting its degradation, thereby increasing its blood pressure lowering effect.
The kinin-kallikrein system makes bradykinin by proteolytic cleavage of its kininogen precursor, high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK or HK), by the enzyme kallikrein.
In humans, bradykinin is broken down by three kininases: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), aminopeptidase P (APP), and carboxypeptidase N (CPN), which cleave the 7-8, 1-2, and 8-9 positions, respectively.
It also causes contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle in the bronchus and gut, increases vascular permeability and is also involved in the mechanism of pain.
Specifically in relation to pain, bradykinin has been shown to sensitize TRPV1 receptors, thus lowering the temperature threshold at which they activate, thus presumably contributing to allodynia.
Initial secretion of bradykinin post-natally causes constriction and eventual atrophy of the ductus arteriosus, forming the ligamentum arteriosum between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.
It also plays a role in the constriction and eventual occlusion of a number of other fetal vessels, including the umbilical arteries and vein.
The differential vasoconstriction of these fetal vessels compared to the vasodilator response of other vessels suggest that the walls of these fetal vessels are different than other vessels.
Bradykinin is also thought to be the cause of the dry cough in some patients on widely prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs.
It is thought that bradykinin is converted to inactive metabolites by ACE, therefore inhibition of this enzyme leads to increased levels of bradykinin; increased bradykinin sensitizes somatosensory fibers and thus causes hyperalgesia.
People of African descent have up to 5x increased risk of ACE inhibitor induced angioedema due to hereditary predisposing risk factors such as hereditary angioedema.
Overactivation of bradykinin is thought to play a role in a rare disease called hereditary angioedema, formerly known as hereditary angio-neurotic edema.
A bradykinin-potentiating factor (BPF) which increases both the duration and magnitude of the effects of bradykinin on vasodilation and the consequent fall in blood pressure, was discovered in Bothrops jararaca venom.
{citation needed April 2019} On the basis of this finding, a non-protein analog of BPF which was effective orally was developed: the first angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril.
It has long been known in animal studies that bromelain, a substance obtained from the stems and leaves of the pineapple plant, suppresses trauma-induced swelling caused by the release of bradykinin into the bloodstream and tissues.
Increased levels of bradykinins resulting from ACE inhibitor use have been associated with increased lung cancer risks Bradykinins have been implicated in cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancers, and bradykinin antagonists have been investigated as anti-cancer agents.
Bradykinin was discovered in 1948 by three Brazilian physiologists and pharmacologists working at the Instituto Biológico, in São Paulo, Brazil, led by Dr. Maurício Rocha e Silva.
The discovery was part of a continuing study on circulatory shock and proteolytic enzymes related to the toxicology of snake bites, started by Rocha e Silva as early as 1939.
Bradykinin was to prove a new autopharmacological principle, i.e., a substance that is released in the body by a metabolic modification from precursors, which are pharmacologically active.
The Little Muddy River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately long, in northwestern North Dakota in the United States.
Many languages have words expressing indefinite and fictitious numbers—inexact terms of indefinite size, used for comic effect, for exaggeration, as placeholder names, or when precision is unnecessary or undesirable.
Umpteen, umteen, or umpty is an unspecified but large number, used in a humorous fashion or to imply that it is not worth the effort to pin down the actual figure.
These words are intended to denote a number that is large enough to be unfathomable and are typically used as hyperbole or for comic effect.
This number is reasonably well defined, because it is known what stars are and what the observable universe is, but its value is highly uncertain.
In operas of the 18th century, dal segno arias were a common alternative to da capo arias which began with an opening ritornello, which was then omitted in the repeat (the sign being placed after the ritornello).
Troy has authored seven books on the American presidency and the history of presidential campaigning, including biographies of Ronald Reagan and Hillary Clinton, and edited two others, including a revised edition of a comprehensive reference guide to American presidential elections previously edited by noted historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr..
He has served as Visiting Scholar at the Bipartisan Policy Center and on the Advisory Board of the History News Network.
One the tallest hotels in the world, it is the seventh tallest, although 39% of its total height is made up of non-occupiable space.
Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island from Jumeirah Beach and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge.
The Burj Al Arab was designed by multidisciplinary consultancy Atkins led by architect Tom Wright, the conceptual design of the building was originally from Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott.
The hotel was built by South African construction contractor Murray & Roberts / now renamed Concor and Al Habtoor Engineering and the interior works were delivered by UAE based Depa.
Engineers created a ground/surface layer of large rocks, which is circled with a concrete honeycomb pattern, which serves to protect the foundation from erosion.
It took three years to reclaim the land from the sea, while it took fewer than three years to construct the building itself.
Given the height of the building, the Burj Al Arab is the world's fifth tallest hotel after Gevora Hotel, JW Marriott Marquis Dubai, Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur and Rose and Rayhaan by Rotana.
But where buildings with mixed use were stripped off the list, the Burj Al Arab would be the world's third tallest hotel.
The Burj Al Arab is very popular with the Chinese market, which made up 25 percent of all bookings at the hotel in 2011 and 2012.
It is supported by a full cantilever that extends from either side of the mast, and is accessed by a panoramic elevator.
It is situated on the north coast of the island, in the county of Middlesex, roughly halfway between the eastern and western ends of the island.
Saint Ann is the birthplace of reggae singers Floyd Lloyd, Burning Spear, Busy Signal, Bryan Art, Romain Virgo, Rashawn DallyChezidek, Shabba Ranks, Justin Hinds, Perfect, and Bob Marley.
When Christopher Columbus first came to Jamaica in 1494, he landed on the shores of Saint Ann at Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
He returned to Jamaica on his fourth voyage and was eventually marooned for one year at Saint Ann's Bay (June 1503 – June 1504), which he called Santa Gloria.
The first Spanish settlement in Jamaica was also at Sevilla la Nueva, now called Seville, just to the west of Saint Ann's Bay.
Established by Juan de Esquivel, the first Spanish Governor of Jamaica, Saint Ann's Bay became the third capital established by Spain in the Americas.
After 1655, when the English captured Jamaica, Saint Ann's Bay gradually developed as a fishing port with many warehouses and wharves.
The parish of Saint Ann was later named after Lady Anne Hyde the first wife of King James II of England.
Its development commenced when Reynolds Jamaica Mines built a deep-water pier, west of the town to ship bauxite ore from the mines.
It is bordered by Clarendon and Saint Catherine in the south, Saint Mary in the east, and Trelawny in the west.
The names of the main rivers are Negro, Saint Ann, Great, Roaring, Cave and Pedro (see List of rivers of Jamaica).
Recently, however, agriculture has been on the decline as farmland is being used for housing and other developments and the cultivated area has decreased.
Saint Ann is one of the major tourist destinations of Jamaica, given that Dunn's River Falls and many popular beaches, like Puerto Seco Beach, are located there.
There is a cruise ship dock (maritime) on the west shore of Ocho Rios Bay, and numerous hotels and resorts (including a Sandals Resort) are located in and around the city.
The Hill Top Juvenile Correctional Centre, operated by the Department of Correctional Services, Jamaica, is located in Bamboo and has a capacity for 98.
The Armadale Juvenile Correctional Centre for girls was located in Alexandria but on 22 May 2009 a fire went through the facility, killing 5 girls and injuring 13 more.
The two other are the neurotransmitter γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) which is known for inducing plant disease resistance.
Tobacco Garden Creek is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 30 mi (48 km) long, in northwestern North Dakota in the United States.
He was a member of the prominent American Adams family, was the United States Secretary of the Navy under President Herbert Hoover and a well-known yachtsman.
A scion of the Adams family that produced two presidents, Charles Francis III, a son of John Quincy Adams II, the oldest son of the Charles Francis Adams Sr., was a great-grandson of the sixth U. S. President John Quincy Adams, and a great-great-grandson of the second U.S. President John Adams.
Both descending from their fourth great grandfather, Joseph Adams; Otis from his first wife Mary [Chapin], and Charles from his second wife Hannah [Bass].
Charles Francis Adams Jr. was the uncle, not the father of Charles Francis Adams III, an assumption regularly made by virtue of sequential name succession.
Charles F. Adams Jr. had five children, the first three being daughters, which may explain why his brother John Q. Adams II took the prerogative to name his son after their uncle.
After graduating from Harvard Law and being admitted to the bar in 1893, he was first a lawyer, then went into business.
At one time, he was an officer in 43 corporations, including several banks and many of the country's largest corporations such as the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Harvard Corporation.
While Secretary, Adams vigorously promoted public understanding of the Navy's indispensable role in international affairs, and worked strenuously to maintain naval strength and efficiency during a period of severe economic depression.
He served at the London Naval Treaty in 1930 where he successfully maintained the principle of United States naval parity with Britain.
Adams was a supporter of limited presidential terms, well before the 22nd Amendment passed, and advocated that the Presidents should be required to renounce political parties and that after they left the presidency, should be made ex-officio members of the United States Senate.
In 1939, he won the King's Cup, Astor Cup, and Puritan Cup, the three most coveted domestic yachting trophies in a single season.
In 1899 Adams built his family home and estate on land in Concord, MA formerly owned by his uncle, Charles Francis Adams II.
δ-Aminolevulinic acid (also dALA, δ-ALA, 5ALA or 5-aminolevulinic acid), an endogenous non-proteinogenic amino acid, is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway, the pathway that leads to heme in mammals, as well as chlorophyll in plants.
Photodynamic detection is the use of photosensitive drugs with a light source of the right wavelength for the detection of cancer, using fluorescence of the drug.
Studies since 2006 have shown that the intraoperative use of this guiding method may reduce the tumour residual volume and prolong progression-free survival in people with malignant gliomas.
In non-photosynthetic eukaryotes such as animals, fungi, and protozoa, as well as the class Alphaproteobacteria of bacteria, it is produced by the enzyme ALA synthase, from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
In plants, algae, bacteria (except for the class Alphaproteobacteria) and archaea, it is produced from glutamic acid via glutamyl-tRNA and glutamate-1-semialdehyde.
In most plastid-containing species, glutamyl-tRNA is encoded by a plastid gene, and the transcription, as well as the following steps of C5 pathway, take place in plastids.
Biosynthesized, 5ALA goes through a series of transformations in the cytosol and finally gets converted to Protoporphyrin IX inside the mitochondria.
Heme increases the mitochondrial activity thereby helping in activation of respiratory system Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain leading to formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for adequate supply of energy to the body.
Cancer cells lack or have reduced ferrochelatase activity and this results in accumulation of Protoporphyrin IX, a fluorescent substance that can easily be visualized.
Plants that are fed by external 5ALA accumulate toxic amounts of chlorophyll precursor, protochlorophyllide, indicating that the synthesis of this intermediate is not suppressed anywhere downwards in the chain of reaction.
Archeological finds, surviving iconography and other evidence indicate that it was double-reeded, like the modern oboe, but with a larger mouthpiece, like the surviving Armenian duduk.
It also accompanied physical activities such as wrestling matches, the broad jump, the discus throw and to mark the rowing cadence on triremes, as well as sacrifices and dramas.
The playing technique almost certainly made use of circular breathing, very much like the Sardinian launeddas and Armenian duduk, and this would give the aulos a continuous sound.
Although aristocrats with sufficient leisure sometimes practiced aulos-playing as they did the lyre, after the later fifth century the aulos became chiefly associated with professional musicians, often slaves.
In myth, Marsyas the satyr was supposed to have invented the aulos, or else picked it up after Athena had thrown it away because it caused her cheeks to puff out and ruined her beauty.
And since the pure lord of Delphi's mind worked in different ways from Marsyas's, he celebrated his victory by stringing his opponent up from a tree and flaying him alive.
The battle scene on the Chigi vase shows an aulos player setting a lyrical rhythm for the hoplite phalanx to advance to.
This accompaniment reduced the possibility of an opening in the formation of the blockage; the aulete had a fundamental role in insuring the integrity of the phalanx.
Even though the front four are lacking a fifth soldier, they have the advantage because the aulete is there to bring the formation back together.
The sounds of the aulos are being digitally recreated by the Ancient Instruments Sound/Timbre Reconstruction Application (ASTRA) project which uses physical modeling synthesis to simulate the aulos sounds.
Due to the complexity of this process the ASTRA project uses grid computing to model sounds on hundreds of computers throughout Europe simultaneously.
The aulos is part of the Lost Sounds Orchestra, alongside other ancient instruments which ASTRA have recreated the sounds of, including the epigonion, the salpinx, the barbiton and the syrinx.
It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow.
Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
In Scotland it was clear that this was the way forward, and there was a desire to connect the central belt to the incipient English network.
There was controversy over the route that such a line might take, but the Caledonian Railway was formed on 31 July 1845 and it opened its main line between Glasgow, Edinburgh and Carlisle in 1848, making an alliance with the English London and North Western Railway.
In the obituary of the engineer Richard Price-Williams written in 1916 the contractor of the Caledonian Railway is stated to be Thomas Brassey and the civil engineer George Heald.
Establishing itself as an inter-city railway, the Caledonian set about securing territory by leasing other authorised or newly built lines, and fierce competition developed with other, larger Scottish railways, particularly the North British Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway.
The company established primacy in some areas, but remained less than successful in others; considerable sums were expended in the process, not always finding the approval of shareholders.
A considerable passenger traffic developed on the Firth of Clyde serving island resorts, and fast boat trains were run from Glasgow to steamer piers; the company was refused permission to operate its own steamers, and it formed a partnership with a nominally independent, but friendly, operator, the Caledonian Steam Packet Company.
In the closing years of the 18th century, the pressing need to bring coal cheaply to Glasgow from the plentiful Monklands coalfield had been met by the construction of the Monkland Canal, opened throughout in 1794.
This encouraged development of the coalfield but dissatisfaction at the monopoly prices said to be exacted by the canal led to the construction of the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway (M&KR), Scotland's first public railway; it opened in 1826.
Development of the use of blackband ironstone by David Mushet, and the invention of the hot blast process of iron smelting by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828 led to a huge and rapid increase in iron production and demand for the ore and for coal in the Coatbridge area.
The industrial development led to the construction of other railways contiguous with the M&KR, in particular the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway and the Wishaw and Coltness Railway.
During this period, the first long-distance railways were opened in England; the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the first inter-city line, opened in 1830 and was an immediate success.
It was quickly followed by the London and Birmingham Railway in 1838 and the Grand Junction Railway in 1837, and the North Union Railway reaching Preston in 1838, so that London was linked with the Lancashire and West Midlands centres of industry.
At first it was assumed that only one route from Scotland to England would be feasible, and there was considerable controversy over the possible route.
A major difficulty was the terrain of the Southern Uplands: a route running through the hilly lands would involve steep and lengthy gradients that were challenging for the engine power of the time; a route around them, either to the west or the east, involved much lengthier main lines, and made connection to both Edinburgh and Glasgow more problematic.
However, they did not have mandatory force, and after considerable rivalry, the Caledonian Railway obtained an authorising Act of Parliament on 31 July 1845, for lines from Glasgow and Edinburgh to Carlisle.
The Glasgow and Edinburgh lines combined at Carstairs in Clydesdale, and the route then crossed over Beattock summit and continued on through Annandale.
The promoters had engaged in a frenzy of provisional acquisitions of other lines being put forward or already being constructed, as they considered it was vital to secure territory to their own control and to exclude competing concerns as far as possible.
The North British Railway opened between Edinburgh and Berwick-upon-Tweed on 22 June 1846, forming part of what has become the East Coast Main Line.
The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway had opened in 1841 with the declared intention of reaching Carlisle by way of Dumfries; it did so in 1850, changing its name then to the Glasgow and South Western Railway.
The main line was opened from Carlisle to Beattock on 10 September 1847, and throughout between Glasgow and Carlisle on 15 February 1848.
Glasgow was reached over the Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway (successor to the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway), and the Wishaw and Coltness Railway, which the Caledonian had leased from 1 January 1847 and 1 January 1846 respectively.
It gave an alternative, and shorter access to another Glasgow passenger terminal, named South Side, and to the Clyde Quays at General Terminus (over the connected General Terminus and Glasgow Harbour Railway).
The Caledonian recognised that the Townhead terminus was unsatisfactory and constructed a deviation from Milton Junction to a new Glasgow terminus at Buchanan Street.
In 1853 or 1854 the Hayhill Fork, between Gartcosh and Garnqueen, was opened, enabling direct running from Buchanan Street towards Stirling.
In the period between formation of the Caledonian Railway and the opening of the main line, a large number of leases and working arrangements had been concluded with other railways being promoted or built.
There were also suggestions of improper share acquisitions, and in the period 1848 to 1850 a number of shareholder inquiries disclosed bad practices, and many board members had to resign in February 1850.
The Company had obtained Parliamentary powers to merge with the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway (GP&GR) in 1847, but even more alarming revelations of financial impropriety emerged regarding that company, and the Caledonian considered getting authorisation to cancel the amalgamation.
The GP&GR operated the line between Glasgow and Paisley jointly with the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR), and the Paisley line used a terminus at Bridge Street, in Glasgow.
The Caledonian now worked trains at three termini in Glasgow: Buchanan Street, South Side (from the Clydesdale Junction line, mostly used for local trains to Motherwell and Hamilton), and Bridge Street (on the Paisley line).
Gradually the financial difficulties were got under control, by economy, and by the discovery that several of the lease agreements were illegal.
Handsome dividends continued to be paid, but it was not until March 1853 that the dividend was paid wholly from revenue.
If the Caledonian Railway had been formed as an inter-city trunk line, its attention was early on turned to other demands.
Coal owners in South Lanarkshire pressed for a railway connection, and the Lesmahagow Railway was formed by them, opening in 1856.
As new coal mines opened, so new branches were needed, connecting Coalburn, Stonehouse, Strathaven, Muirkirk and Darvel and many other places, with new lines built right up until 1905.
When the coal became exhausted in the second half of the twentieth century, the railways were progressively closed; passenger traffic had always been light and it too disappeared.
The area contained the rapidly growing iron production area surrounding Coatbridge, and servicing that industry with coal and iron ore, and transport to local and more distant metal processing locations, dominated the Caledonian's activity in the region.
Many lines to coal and iron ore pits further east were built, but serving remote areas the lines closed when the mineral extraction ceased.
The line was extended to East Kilbride in 1868, although at that time (long before the New Town) the village did not generate much business for the railway.
The line was encouraged by the Caledonian Railway, giving westward access into Dumfriesshire, and worked by it; the Caledonian acquired the line in 1865.
The Portpatrick Railway had opened between Castle Douglas and Portpatrick in 1861–1862 and the Caledonian Railway worked that railway; it obtained running powers over the G&SWR between Dumfries and Castle Douglas, and at a stroke the Caledonian had penetrated deep into the south-west, and to the ferry service to the north of Ireland, territory that the G&SWR had assumed was its own.
The Portpatrick Railway later reformed with the Wigtownshire Railway as the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway; the Caledonian was a one-quarter owner.
The North British Railway opened the branch line to Dolphinton, east of Carstairs, and the Caledonian feared that the next step would be an incursion by the NBR into Caledonian territory, possibly seeking running powers on the main line.
Dolphinton had a population of 260 and two railways, and traffic was correspondingly meagre, and the line closed in 1945 (passengers) and 1950 (goods).
The independent Solway Junction Railway was opened in 1869, linking iron mines in Cumberland with the Caledonian Railway at Kirtlebridge, crossing the Solway Firth by a viaduct; the company worked the line itself.
It considerably shortened the route to the Lanarkshire ironworks, and was heavily used at first, but the traffic was depleted by cheap imported iron ore within a decade.
When the Caledonian's first main line opened, it used the Townhead terminus of the Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway, and almost simultaneously, it acquired access to the South Side station planned for the Clydesdale Junction Railway.
The Caledonian also worked the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway with a terminus at Bridge Street, also inconveniently situated south of the Clyde: the Caledonian, therefore, had three unsatisfactory Glasgow termini.
As early as 1846 proposals to cross the Clyde from Gushetfaulds to a Dunlop Street terminal had been put forward; the idea was killed by fierce opposition from the Clyde Bridges Trust (which would lose toll income) and the Admiralty (who insisted on a swing bridge).
Another scheme failed to get finance in 1866 and again in 1873, but in 1875 an Act was obtained to build a bridge crossing the Clyde and bringing the South Side route into the city centre.
A four track railway bridge crossing the river was designed by Blyth and Cunningham and built by Sir William Arrol & Co.; the Clyde railway bridge was complete on 1 October 1878.
The Bridge Street terminus was jointly operated with the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR); it had to be reconstructed as a through station, and the Greenock line trains (operated by the Caledonian) continued to use it.
A ninth platform was added to Central station in 1889, but a major expansion took place in the years 1901–1906, when the platforms were lengthened and four platforms added on the west side; a second river crossing was provided.
In 1904 Bridge Street station was substantially changed to provide carriage washing and stabling facilities; it closed as a passenger station on 1 March 1905.
It was commissioned on 3 May 1908; it had 374 miniature levers, the largest of its type in the world, operating points and signals by electro-pneumatic and electro-magnetic equipment.
With the intention of revitalising the lead mining industry, the Leadhills and Wanlockhead Branch was opened as a light railway from Elvanfoot in 1901 - 1902.
With challenging gradients to reach Scotland's highest village in otherwise remote territory, the line scraped a bare living and closed in 1938.
In the mid 1850s the steamer connections on the River Clyde assumed ever increasing importance, and journey transit times from settlements in Argyll and the islands to Glasgow became critical.
The inconvenient situation of the Greenock station and pier encouraged thoughts of more convenient routes, and in 1862 the Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway was authorised.
It was an independent company intending to provide a fast connection from Rothesay, Bute; it opened on 13 May 1865 and in August 1893 it amalgamated with the Caledonian Railway, having been operated by the Caledonian Railway since its opening.
In 1889 the Caledonian itself opened an extension line from Greenock to Gourock, more conveniently situated than Greenock; this involved the expensive construction of Newton Street Tunnel, the longest in Scotland.
In competing with rival rail and steamer connections, the Caledonian became frustrated with its reliance on independent steamer operators, and tried to obtain powers to operate the vessels directly; this was refused by Parliament on competition grounds, and in reaction the company founded the nominally independent Caledonian Steam Packet Company in 1889.
The CSPC expanded its routes and services considerably; following nationalisation of the railways in 1948 it became owned by British Railways, but was divested in 1968 and later became a constituent of Caledonian MacBrayne Ltd, which is (2015) state-owned.
Street running tramways were already responding to the demand for passenger travel in these areas, but as yet they used horse traction.
It opened in 1886 from Pollokshields to Mount Florida and Cathcart (the eastern arm of the present-day Cathcart Circle Line) in 1886, and was extended via Shawlands to form a loop in 1894.
It encountered fierce opposition, and the scheme was taken over by the Caledonian and converted into a route mainly in tunnel.
The Paisley and Barrhead District Railway was incorporated in 1897 and transferred to the Caledonian in 1902; it was to link Paisley and Barrhead and enable a circular service from Glasgow.
It was plain that a passenger service would not be viable against tram competition and the intended passenger service was never started.
The North British Railway and its satellites had gained an early monopoly of this traffic, but its importance encouraged the Caledonian to enter the area.
In 1896 the Caledonian gained access to Loch Lomond with the opening of the Dumbarton and Balloch Joint Railway, (originally built by the Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway), built jointly with the NBR.
In 1888 the Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway opened a line from Giffen on the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway to Ardrossan.
In 1903 - 1904 it was extended eastwards to Cathcart and Newton, enabling the heavy mineral trains to avoid the Joint Line and the congested area around Gushetfaulds from the Lanarkshire coalfields to Ardrossan Harbour.
This was the first line to offer travel without change of carriage between Edinburgh and England: passengers on the rival North British Railway needed to cross the River Tweed on foot to continue their rail journey.
The unsatisfactory Edinburgh terminus needed improvement but funds were limited, and the Caledonian built a short spur to Haymarket; talks had taken place about using the E&GR and NBR station, later named Waverley; but the NBR rejected the idea.
The owner of Granton Harbour encouraged, and half-funded, the construction of a branch from near Lothian Road, and this opened in 1861.
It had been planned to open a passenger service on the line, and passenger stations had been built, but street tramcar competition made it clear that an inner suburban passenger railway was unviable and the passenger service was never inaugurated.
The Edinburgh main line passed close to numerous mineral workings, and several short branches and connections were made to collieries, iron workings and shale oil plants.
The original Wishaw and Coltness Railway, now leased by the Caledonian, had long since reached Cleland ironworks from the west, and in 1869 the line was extended from near there to Midcalder Junction on the Edinburgh main line, passing through Shotts, Fauldhouse and Midcalder.
This line connected to many further mines and industrial sites, and gave the Caledonian a passenger route between Glasgow and Edinburgh that competed with the North British Railway's route through Falkirk.
The first main line had by-passed a considerable centre of industry located on the Water of Leith south-west of the city, and a branch line to Balerno opened on 1 August 1874.
The Caledonian intended to make the line into a loop, returning to the city by way of Corstorphine, but this idea was shelved.
The Caledonian Railway had intended to lease, or absorb, the Scottish Central Railway (SCR), which obtained its Act of Parliament on the same day as the Caledonian.
The SCR needed a partner railway to get access to Glasgow and Edinburgh, but the rival Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway (E&GR) would provide that.
The SCR opened from Greenhill Junction with the E&GR to Perth on 22 May 1848, and the Caledonian opened its branch to reach Greenhill Junction on 7 August 1848.
The SCR built Perth General station, which became the focus of several railways at that traffic centre, and a Joint Committee managed the station.
The SCR itself managed to absorb some local railways; the Crieff Junction Railway had opened from Crieff to what later became Gleneagles station in 1856, and it was worked by the SCR and absorbed in 1865.
It was absorbed by the SCR in 1865 immediately before the SCR amalgamated with the Caledonian Railway on 1 August 1865, finally having gained Parliamentary approval to do so.
There was a frenzy of railway promotion in that year, and it seemed as if every locality must have its own line.
The Scottish Central Railway had been described above; the Scottish Midland Junction Railway (SMJR), the Aberdeen Railway and the Dundee and Perth Railway also got their Acts on the same day.
The main line ran through the fertile area of Strathmore and the SMJR adopted two existing short lines that were on a suitable alignment.
Both were unsuccessful adjuncts to the Dundee and Newtyle Railway, built using stone block sleepers and a track gauge of .
At Forfar the SMJR joined the Arbroath and Forfar Railway, another earlier stone block railway, in this case using the track gauge of .
The Aberdeen Railway may have underestimated the cost of upgrading the A&FR's stone block track, and it ran out of money building its own main line; its construction was delayed and it encountered political difficulty in Aberdeen itself.
At this early stage the Caledonian Railway saw itself as the future creator of an extensive network in Scotland, and it set about gaining control of as many other railways as possible.
The Caledonian negotiated with the SCR, the SMJR and the Aberdeen Railway and believed it had captured them, but the SCR had other ideas.
Much later the Caledonian found that the periodical lease payments were unaffordable, and it was rescued by the legal opinion that the lease agreements had been ultra vires.
The Dundee and Perth Railway opened in 1847; it was taken over by the Scottish Central Railway, and its network came to the Caledonian with the SCR when that company was taken over by the Caledonian in 1865.
At the time of the absorption the SNER and the Great North of Scotland Railway were engaged in building a through line at Aberdeen, with a new Joint station; it opened in 1867.
The Caledonian had now got what it had wanted from the outset: control of an extensive network of lines covering a considerable territorial area.
This came at a cost: Parliament became increasingly uncomfortable with monopolies of this kind, and when the North British Railway protested, it was given running powers over much of the Caledonian's northern system.
There was worse to come: as the North British approached Dundee (with the building of the Tay Bridge, which opened in 1878, the NBR sought and was given joint ownership of the Dundee and Arbroath Railway, which became jointly owned in 1881.
The NBR had already built an independent line from Arbroath to Kinnaber Junction, north of Montrose, and so, with the opening in 1890 of the Forth Bridge immediately north of Edinburgh, now had a rival route to Aberdeen.
Competition between the companies on the east and west coast routes from London to Aberdeen led in 1895 to what the press called the Race to the North.
The Dundee and Forfar direct line was opened by the Caledonian in 1870 between Broughty Ferry and Forfar, developing residential travel (to Dundee) but otherwise only a rural line.
The Forfar and Brechin Railway was promoted as a potential alternative main line; it opened in 1895 but remained simply a rural branch.
The Callander and Oban Railway was an independent company intended to connect the Western Seas to the railway network, but it had been promised financial support by the Scottish Central Railway (SCR).
The Caledonian absorbed the SCR in 1865 and the directors were dismayed at the level of commitment to a difficult construction scheme barely started.
The western part of the line from Crianlarich is open today, connected to the West Highland Line but the remainder has closed.
The Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway opened in 1858 to connect Methven to the SMJR network; it was extended to Crieff when the Crieff & Methven Railway opened in 1866.
In 1893 the Crieff and Comrie Railway made a short extension into Strathearn, and this encouraged ideas of completing a link right through to the Callander and Oban line.
This became the Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie Railway; due to serious problems raising capital, it took from 1901 to 1905 to open fully.
The Highland Railway (HR) was one of the smaller British railways before the Railways Act 1921, operating north of Perth railway station in Scotland and serving the farthest north of Britain.
It continued to expand, reaching Wick and Thurso in the north and Kyle of Lochalsh in the west, eventually serving the counties of Caithness, Sutherland, Ross & Cromarty, Inverness, Perth, Nairn, Moray and Banff.
Southward it connected with the Caledonian Railway at Stanley Junction, north of Perth, and eastward with the Great North of Scotland Railway at Boat of Garten, Elgin, Keith and Portessie.
During the First World War the British Navy's base at Scapa Flow, in the Orkney Islands, was serviced from Scrabster Harbour near Thurso.
In 1923, the company passed on approximately 494 miles (795 km) of line as it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
Although its shorter branches have closed, former Highland Railway lines remain open from Inverness to Wick and Thurso, Kyle of Lochalsh, Keith (as part of the Aberdeen to Inverness Line), as well as the direct main line south to Perth.
The Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) was formed in 1845 to build a railway between Inverness and Aberdeen and so link up with the railways to the south.
At the same time, the Perth & Inverness Railway proposed a direct route over the Grampian Mountains to Perth, and the Aberdeen, Banff & Elgin Railway suggested a route that followed the coast to better serve the Banffshire and Morayshire fishing ports.
The Aberdeen, Banff & Elgin failed to raise funds and the Perth & Inverness Railway was rejected by Parliament because the railway would be at altitudes that approached and needed steep gradients.
The Inverness & Nairn Railway was given permission for a line between Inverness and Nairn, together with a branch to Inverness Harbour, on 24 July 1854.
The line opened ceremonially on 5 November 1855 when a train of thirty vehicles, mainly goods wagons fitted with seats, made a return journey.
Initially three trains a day ran between Inverness and Nairn, horse-drawn coaches providing a link to Keith and thereby Aberdeen via the Great North of Scotland Railway.
The Inverness & Nairn planned an extension as far as Elgin; between Elgin and Keith the River Spey needed to be crossed.
The GNoSR offered £40,000 towards a bridge and the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway (IAJR) was given authority for a line from Nairn and Keith in July 1856.
A temporary station at Dalvey, west of the River Findhorn, opened on 22 December 1857, to close when the line extended to on 25 March 1858. , and the GNoSR, was reached on 18 August 1858.
Three services a day ran between Inverness and Aberdeen, Aberdeen being reached in between 5 hours 55 minutes to 6 hours 30 minutes.
The Spey Bridge was unfinished when the line opened, so initially passengers walked across the adjacent road bridge as the locomotive was detached and crossed before the carriages were hauled over by ropes.
Conflict soon arose between the IAJR and Morayshire Railway, and the directors of the Morayshire responded with plans to build their own line between the two stations.
Between Forres and Elgin two branches opened, the first being from to ; long this operated independently from 18 April 1860 before being taken over by the IAJR in 1862.
The Inverness & Ross-shire Railway was given permission on 3 July 1860 to build a railway the from Inverness to Invergordon.
After the section to was complete and given the necessary permission by the Board of Trade on 10 June 1862, the line opened to traffic the following day.
The terminus at Inverness was not situated to allow through traffic, so additional platforms were built on the west side and the layout arranged as a Y.
The Rose Street curve joined the two lines, and most arriving trains would take this curve past the station and then reverse into the platforms, allowing easy interchange and through carriages.
The line to Invergordon opened on 25 March 1863, delayed due to conflict over the line crossing the Ferry Road at Findon.
Within a month of opening, on 30 June 1862, the Inverness & Ross-shire Railway was absorbed by the Inverness & Aberdeen Junction Railway.
Initially there were four services a day, connecting with trains from Keith at Inverness, and averaging 1 hour 40 minutes for the , and one train a day on Sundays, the mail train.
Initially connections to the ferry were provided from , but these began to serve Bonar Bridge soon after the station had opened, and Meikle Ferry station closed in 1869.
Although in 1860 Inverness had a rail link to the south, the route via Aberdeen was circuitous and involved a change between two railway stations over apart.
Passengers were conveyed between the termini by omnibus, paid for in the through fare and with forty five minutes being allowed for the transfer.
The mail train would be held until the Post Office van had arrived and the mail was on board, but the station locked at the advertised departure time to prevent connecting passengers further delaying the train.
This left the Inverness & Aberdeen Junction at Forres on a steeply graded line, before heading south to a summit at Dava, then to Grantown and the River Spey to Kingussie, before another climb to a summit at the Pass of Druimuachdar, at the highest in Britain.
Although a similar route had been rejected in 1845 because of the high altitudes and speed gradients, there had been sufficient advance in locomotive design to satisfy the fears of the parliamentary committee, and authority was given in 1861.
The line was initially single track with passing loops at stations, the IAJR doubling the track for between Inverness and in 1864.
To allow access to the new line from both Keith and Inverness a new triangular station was built at Forres south of the old line, which was retained for goods traffic.
The Inverness & Aberdeen Junction and Inverness & Perth Junction Railway were merged on 1 February 1865, and became known as the Highland Railway on 29 June 1865.
The railway owned of line and operated over the of Scottish North Eastern Railway (SNER) line from Stanley Junction to Perth.
William Barclay had been locomotive supervisor for both constituent railways, resigned in 1865, and the first Highland Railway locomotive supervisor was William Stroudley.
The route followed the Kyle of Sutherland inland for 3 miles, before crossing over to the north shore with the five masonry arches and girder span of Invershin Viaduct.
The Highland contributed £15,000, but only of line were built, the railway opening as far as Golspie on 13 April 1868.
The 3rd Duke of Sutherland planned an extension of the line from Golspie to Helmsdale, passing Dunrobin Castle, his family seat.
Work had already started when authority was obtained in 1870, and the section from Dunrobin to about short of Helmsdale was complete that autumn.
Two trains a day ran until 19 June 1871, when the line was connected up with the Sutherland Railway at Golspie and the Highland extended its services to Helmsdale.
A railway linking Thurso and Wick had been proposed in the 1860s and had the necessary authority in 1866, but had failed to raise the necessary funds.
The Sutherland & Caithness was authorised to take over the route of the Thurso and Wick railway, and extend the line south to link up with the Duke of Sutherland's railway at Helmsdale.
Only certain routes are practicable in the Highlands due to the terrain, but from Dingwall it was possible to reach Kyle of Lochalsh on the west coast, opposite the Isle of Skye.
The terminus was short to Strome Ferry, because of the cost of building a line around the coast to the Kyle of Lochalsh.
No Sunday services were provided, possibly because the traffic wasn't sufficient, but also it recorded that on a Sunday in 1883 villagers at Strome Ferry, determined to keep the Sabbath, prevented the loading of a special fish goods train until midnight had passed.
Initially a daily service was provided to Portee, and a weekly service to Stornoway, but the first winter the frequency of the Portee service was reduced and the Stornoway service suspended.
It was discovered later in Melbourne, Australia, when offered for sale under an assumed name that the port authorities could not identify in the records.
The Dingwall & Skye was absorbed by the Highland in 1880, and the Sutherland, Duke of Sutherland's and Sutherland & Caithness Railways were absorbed in 1884.
In 1881 the GNoSR applied to Parliament to extend the line from Portsoy along the Moray Firth to Buckie, but this was rejected after the Highland opposed.
The following year, both the Great North and Highland railways applied to Parliament for permission, the Great North for a line from Portsoy along the coast through Buckie to Elgin, and the Highland for a branch from Keith to Buckie and Cullen.
Authority was granted, but in the case of the Highland Railway only for a line as far as Portessie, with running rights over the Great North coast line between Buckie and Portsoy and the Great North obtaining reciprocal rights over the Highland railway between Elgin and Forres.
The Portessie branch opened on 1 August 1884 and the Highland did not exercise its running rights over the GNoSR, thus preventing the Great North running over its lines west of Elgin.
The Highland built a branch from their line to new Fochabers Town station; the line and station opened 1 June 1894.
Permission had been granted for the to reach Rosemarkie, and the line to was opened on 1 February 1894, and work did not start on the planned extension.
Although it was possible for a ferry to Skye to pick up passengers at Strome Ferry, a port at the original terminus at Kyle of Lochalsh would have been more convenient.
However, in 1889 the West Highland Railway was authorised to build a line from Craigendoran to Fort William, which would have given a more direct route south.
Permission for the extension to Kyle of Lochalsh was granted in 1893, and after heavy engineering works the extension to opened on 2 November 1897.
The West Highland opened a competitive port at in 1901, but the Highland kept the mail contract and the traffic between Skye and mainland Scotland.
A branch to the village Ardersier was opened on 1 July 1899, and the junction station renamed and the new terminus became station.
The Great North and Highland had agreed in 1865 that traffic between the two railways would be exchanged at Keith, but in 1886 the GNoSR had two lines to Elgin that, although longer than the Highland's direct line, served more populous areas.
The Highland's main line south from Inverness was via Forres and the GNoSR felt that the Highland treated the line to Elgin as a branch.
In 1883 a shorter route south from Inverness was prompted by an independent company and the bill was defeated in Parliament only after the Highland promised to request authority for a shorter line.
The following year, as well as the Highland's more direct line from Aviemore, the Great North proposed a branch from its Speyside Section to Inverness.
The Highland Railway route was chosen, but the Great North won a concession that goods and passengers that could be exchanged at any junction with through bookings and with services conveniently arranged.
In 1885 the Great North re-timed the 10:10 am Aberdeen service to reach Keith at 11:50 am with through carriages that reached Elgin via Craigellachie at 1 pm.
This connected with a Highland service at both Keith and Elgin, until the Highland re-timed the train and broke the connection at Elgin.
This was refused, but in 1886 the Great North and Highland railways came to an agreement to pool receipts from the stations between Grange and Elgin and refer any disputes to an arbiter.
The midday Highland train was re-timed to connect with the Great North at Keith and Elgin, and a service connected at Elgin with an Aberdeen train that had divided en route to travel via the coast and Craigellachie.
One of the trains was re-instated after an appeal was made to the Railway & Canal Commissioners and a frustrated Great North applied to Parliament in 1895 for running powers to Inverness, but withdrew after it was agreed that the Railway & Canal Commissioners would arbitrate in the matter.
With no judgement by 1897, the Great North again prepared to apply again for running powers over the Highland to Inverness, this time agreeing to double track the line, but the commissioners published their finding before the bill was submitted to Parliament.
Traffic was to be exchanged at both Elgin and Keith, the services exchanged at Elgin needed to include through carriages from both the Craigellachie and the coast routes, and the timetable had to be approved by the commissioners.
The resulting 'Commissioners' Service' started in 1897 with eight though services, four via the Highland to Keith taking between and 5 hours, and four with carriages exchanged at Elgin with portions that travelled via Craigellachie and the coast, two of these taking hours.
From 1866 a mixed goods and passenger service left Perth at 1 am, after connecting with the 10 am train from London, and arrived in Inverness at 9 am.
A night train service in the return direction started in 1872, leaving Inverness at 7:30 pm to arrive in Perth at 5:05 am.
After sleeping carriages were made available from 1878, the train was re-timed to depart at 10 pm and to arrive at 7 am; London could be reached at 9:40 pm.
By 1883, there were four services each way between Inverness and Perth, taking between and 7 hours; two years later the mail trains were rescheduled to take 4 hours with five stops.
The loadings on these trains were light in winter, but heavy in July and August with through carriages from other railways being attached.
The only train to run on Sundays was the mail train, except between 1878 and 1891 when the Inverness to Perth night train ran Sunday nights.
Permission for a more direct route to Perth, south via Moy and Carrbridge before joining the existing line at Aviemore, was obtained in 1884.
Trains heading south had to climb several miles of 1 in 60 gradient, before crossing the long Nairn Viaduct constructed from 28 arches of red sandstone and the steel viaduct built over the Findhorn.
The line opened from the south, Aviemore to Carr Bridge opening in 1892, to Daviot in 1897 and the line was complete to Inverness on 1 November 1898.
In 1903 the Highland suggested that the three companies run a carriage two days a week; however the Caledonian protested as it would haul only two days a week, whereas the North British Railway would work the other four.
For a while, sleeping cars were withdrawn north of Perth; a few years later the Midland Railway withdrew its winter sleeping carriages and the London terminus alternated between Euston and King's Cross.
The line north of the junction at Stanley was single track, resulting in delays, especially after trains had waited for connections at Perth.
The Highland had three types of snow plough; a small one that was fitted to locomotives, now capable of hauling trains through drifts.
Dava Moor and the cuttings near Druimuachdar summit were troublesome, although the line over the summit improved after it had been doubled.
The Great Glen is a natural route that runs south west from Inverness to Fort William and is used by the Caledonian Canal, and more recently the A82 road.
In 1884, the Glasgow & North Western Railway proposed a line from the North British Railway's station at , in Glasgow's northern suburbs, to Fort William, and extending this through the Great Glen to Inverness.
Backed by the North British Railway, this would have reduced the distance by rail between Glasgow and Inverness from to .
The Highland, concerned about competition from a shorter route, argued that there was insufficient traffic travelling south from Inverness for two lines, and the proposal was rejected by Parliament.
The Highland opposed again when the West Highland Railway later applied for a line from Glasgow to Fort William and Spean Bridge, but permission was given in 1889 and the line opened in 1894.
Lines from Spean Bridge to Inverness were proposed by both the Highland and West Highland Railways in 1893 but after negotiation, both companies agreed to withdraw their bills.
In 1895 the West Highlands proposed building a line from Fort William to Mallaig, the Highland objecting as it would compete with their line to Strome Ferry and its planned extension to Kyle of Lochalsh on journeys to Skye.
Permission was given and the North British and West Highland Railways both agreed not to sponsor any line through the Great Glen for ten years.
The Invergarry & Fort Augustus Railway was a local company and despite opposition, received permission in 1896 for a long line along the Great Glen from Spean Bridge to Fort Augustus, from Inverness.
Three proposals, from the Highland, West Highland and Invergarry & Fort Augustus Railway, to extend this railway to Inverness were presented to Parliament the following year, and all failed after costly litigation.
After costly construction the line was complete in 1901, but with no money left to buy rolling stock, the company offered the line to the North British, who was running services through Spean Bridge station.
The company proposed running services at cost, but a request for guarantees was refused and the line offered to the Highland Railway.
After fresh battles in Parliament, and both the Highland and North British Railways guaranteeing that they would not seek to extend the line, the Highland Railway was given permission to operate services on the line for a payment of £4,000 a year.
During the summer some services ran beyond Fort Augustus to a pier on Loch Ness to connect with a steamer, but this was withdrawn in 1906.
In 1907 the Highland withdrew and the North British took over until services were suspended between 31 October 1911 and 1 August 1913, and the North British bought the line for £27,000 in 1914.
Passenger services were withdrawn on 1 December 1933, after which a coal train ran on Saturdays until the line closed completely on 1 January 1947.
To serve the county town of Dornoch a Light Railway was built from by an independent company and operated by the Highland Railway, services starting on 2 June 1902.
This line opened on 1903, worked by the Highland at cost price, and Lybster harbour was improved by the Duke of Portland.
Following negotiations, amalgamation of the Highland and the Great North of Scotland Railways was accepted by the Great North shareholders in early 1906, but the Highland board withdrew after opposition from a minority of their shareholders.
The Aberdeen and Inverness trains were jointly worked after 1908 and locomotives were no longer exchanged at Keith or Elgin; between 1914 and 1916 the Highland paid the GNoSR to provide locomotives for all of the services through to Inverness.
Day-to-day operations were left in the control of local management, but movements necessary for the war were coordinated by a committee of general managers.
The Navy established a base at Scapa Flow, in the Orkneys, and this was serviced from Scrabster Harbour, from the Highland station at Thurso.
Defence works at Scapa Flow and Invergordon required large amounts of timber at the same time the demand from the south for pit-timber increased; by 1918 the Highland was transporting ten times the amount of timber it had shipped before the war.
To cope with the irregular flow of officers and men to and from London a special train was arranged between London and Thurso.
This ran between 1917–19, leaving London Euston at 6 pm (3 pm in the winter) to arrive in Thurso  hours later; the return journey left at 11:45 am and took  hours.
The train stopped for 30 minutes at Inverness so a meal could be provided by the station hotel; some days nearly 1,000 meals were provided.
The line between Keith to Highland's Buckie station closed in 1915 and only goods traffic used the line from Buckie to Portessie.
Locomotive repairs fell behind because of the excessive demands and many of the engine fitters had been called up for war service.
756 of the 3000 Highland Railway staff served active service and a memorial to 87 that died was placed in Station Square at Inverness.
The railways were in a poor state after the war, costs having increased, with higher wages, the introduction of an eight-hour day and the price of coal having risen.
On 1 January 1923 the Highland Railway became a part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), passing on of line.
Refreshment carriages were introduced on services from summer 1923, but competition from bus services meant services were withdrawn from the Burghead and Fochabers branches in 1931.
Third Class sleeping berths between London and Scotland were available from 1928, although the Glasgow to Inverness remained first class only until 1932.
Britain's railways were nationalised on 1 January 1948 and the former Highland Railway lines were placed under the control of the Scottish Region of British Railways.
Diesel multiple units were used on local services between Perth and Blair Atholl and from 1960 cross-country units were used on an accelerated Aberdeen to Inverness service that allowed hours for four stops.
The branches from Muir of Ord to Fortrose closed in 1951 and the Dornoch Light Railway in 1960 as a result of competition from road transport.
The line was diverted on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line in 1954 to allow the level of Loch Luichart to be raised for a hydro-electric project.
Local trains were withdrawn between Elgin and Keith in 1964, the Aberfeldy branch and the line between Aviemore and Forres closed in 1965 but the lines to the north of Inverness remain.
In the 1969 timetable there were early morning trains between Aberdeen and Inverurie, and five services a day between Aberdeen to Inverness, supplemented by two Aberdeen to Elgin services that by the late 1970s were running through to Inverness.
, the Highland Railway's main lines out of Inverness are used by ScotRail (brand) services to Perth, Keith, Kyle of Lochalsh, and Wick and Thurso.
The line south to Perth is single track, apart from double track for a few miles out of Inverness and between and .
Eleven trains a day run between Aberdeen and Inverness, taking about hours, supplemented by a couple of early morning trains from Elgin to Inverness.
There are plans for a regular hourly Aberdeen to Inverness service with additional hourly trains between Inverness and Elgin and a new station at Dalcross, and Network Rail are evaluating what line upgrades are necessary.
The Far North Line is served by four trains a day from Inverness to Wick, via Thurso, taking about hours, supplemented by four services to Invergordon, Tain or Ardgay.
The Heritage Strathspey Railway operates seasonal services over the former Highland Railway route from to Grantown-on-Spey via the joint Highland and GNoSR Boat of Garten station.
The Dava Way is a long-distance path that mostly follows the route of the former Highland railway line between Grantown and Forres.
When the Highland Railway was created in 1865 it acquired the locomotives of its constituent companies, nearly all of which had been built under the supervision of William Barclay.
The Inverness & Nairn opened in 1855 with two 2-2-2 locomotives with four wheeled tenders, built by Hawthorns of Leith, with a weather board to protect the engine men.
Two more were bought by the Inverness & Aberdeen Junction in 1857 and another two were built in 1862, with cabs, by Hawthorns for the Inverness & Ross-shire Railway.
Between 1862 and 1864 another eighteen were delivered, slightly larger and with six-wheel tenders; the last sixteen built by Neilson & Co.
Seven goods locomotives, 2-4-0 with four-wheeled tenders, had been built in 1858–59 by Hawthorns, and these were followed in 1862 by two more, slightly larger and with cabs.
These were slightly larger than the previous locomotives; the later ten of them had a longer wheelbase than the previous ten.
The Highland also took over the Findhorn Railway's small 0-4-0 tank engine that had been built by Neilson and the 0-4-0 tank engine that had been bought for the Hopeman branch from Hawthorns.
Barclay resigned in 1865, the year in which Highland Railway was formed, and William Stroudley became the first locomotive supervisor of the new company.
The Inverness & Nairn had built a locomotive works at Lochgorm in 1855, just outside Inverness station, and that became the site of the Highland's works.
In 1869 he left to join the London, Brighton & South Coast Railway, where more of these locomotives were built, and the class became known as the Terriers.
David Jones had worked at Lochgorm since 1855, where he had moved at the age of 21 after serving his apprenticeship with the London & North Western Railway.
Ten were built by Dübs & Co. in 1874, and between 1878 and 1888 another seven were built by the Highland at Lochgorm.
Two 2-4-0 passenger locomotives were built at Lochgram in 1877, followed by three 2-4-0 tank engines in 1878/9 for shunting and branch line duties.
After two of the earlier 2-4-0 locomotives had been successfully converted into 4-4-0 for the Dingwall & Skye Railway, nine of the 4-4-0 'Skye Bogie' Class were built between 1882 and 1901.
Eight 4-4-0 tender locomotives for main line services were built in 1886 by Clyde Locomotive Co., and a small 0-4-4 saddletank was built at Lochgorm for the Strathpeffer branch in 1890.
The 'Strath' Class followed, twelve 4-4-0 locomotives built by Neilson in 1892 for the main-line, to an enlarged form of Jones' standard design.
In 1892, Dübs & Co. sold the Highland two 4-4-0 tank engines that had been built for the Uruguay Eastern Railway but not delivered.
Fifteen large 4-4-0s, the 'Loch' Class, arrived from Dübs & Co. in 1896, and these had identical tenders to the goods locomotives.
After the Duke died in 1892 his son, the 4th Duke of Sutherland, purchased a Jones designed 0-4-4 tank from Sharp, Stewart & Co. that was provided with accommodation in the cab for the Duke's guests.
A total of 20 were built by Dübs & Co., Highland Railway at Lochgorm and North British Loco Co. in 1898–1901 and 1906, these were smaller than the Loch Class, and they normally worked on the line north to Wick and Thurso and east to Keith.
Drummond designed a 0-6-0 goods locomotive, and twelve were built between 1900 and 1907 by Dübs & Co. and the North British Loco Co.
Between 1903 and 1906 seven tank engines were built at Lochgram, three 0-6-0s for shunting and four 0-4-4s for branch services.
Drummond changed the locomotive livery soon after joining the company, removing the red lining, edging instead in white, and adding 'HR' on the tenders or tanks and front buffer beams.
After 1903, the locomotives were painted a darker green with no lining and labeled, 'The Highland Railway' on the tenders or tanks.
Four more Castle Class locomotives were built by the North British in 1913, with modifications to the design of the smokebox and chimney.
Smith designed the 'River' Class, large 4-6-0 tender locomotives, for working on the Perth main line, and six were ordered from Hawthorn, Leslie & Co. Two arrived in 1915, but as soon as they arrived the Chief Engineer condemned them as being too heavy for the Highland track.
The demands of World War I meant a shortage of traction, and six locomotives were built to older designs, three 'Loch' Class and three 'Castle' Class, which arrived in 1917.
Cumming designed a 4-4-0 tender locomotive, with Robinson superheaters, and two of these also arrived in 1917 to work the Far North Line.
The 'Clan' Class was designed for the Perth to Inverness route, 4-6-0 tender locomotives with superheaters and six wheel tenders and eight were built by Hawthorn, Leslie & Co, four in 1919 and four in 1921.
The Highland Railway ceased to exist on 31 December 1922, passing 173 locomotives to the London, Midland & Scottish Railway; twenty-three of these were withdrawn from traffic before being renumbered by the new company.
The first carriages used by the Inverness & Nairn Railway were of the short four-wheeled type and had accommodation for first and third class.
A mail van made in 1858 for the Inverness to Keith route survived until 1903; this was long, and fitted with Newall's chain brake.
Luggage was carried on the roof, behind a railing, where there was also a seat for the guard, and dogs were placed in a boot.
Six-wheeled carriages were introduced in the late 1870s, the first class seating sixteen passenger with access to toilets and the third class seating fifty passengers; these were still lit by oil lamps.
Second class accommodation was available after the direct line to Perth opened, but this was not popular as it offering little extra comfort over third class, and was abolished in 1893.
After Drummond became locomotive supervisor at Lochgorm in 1896 the older carriages were replaced by bogie stock that had access to a toilet from both third and first class accommodation, gas lighting and steam heating.
The livery reverted to green in 1903, although the sleeping carriages that which replaced the Pullmans and main-line excursion trains were built in varnished teak.
They were active in the period between World War I and World War II in opposing the activities of the Manx Labour Party.
After a shakedown cruise in the Gulf of Paria, between Trinidad and Venezuela, the new heavy cruiser was assigned, 27 March 1944, to Task Force 22 and trained in Casco Bay, Maine, until she steamed to Belfast, Northern Ireland, with TG 27.10, arriving 14 May and reporting to Commander, 12th Fleet for duty.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, accompanied by Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk, inspected the ship's company in Belfast Lough 15 May 1944.
At 0537, 6 June 1944, she engaged shore batteries from her station on the right flank of Utah Beach, Baie de la Seine.
Nineteen of the twenty-one primary targets assigned the task force were successfully neutralized or destroyed thus enabling Army troops to occupy the city on 26 June.
She steamed westward the afternoon of 24 August to support minesweepers clearing the channel to Port de Bouc in the Marseilles area.
She remained at Boston for the installation of new equipment through 31 October, when she got underway for training in Casco Bay.
During the meeting, President Roosevelt tried to persuade Ibn Saud to give support for Jewish immigration to Palestine, and hoped that Ibn Saud might be able to offer constructive advice on the Palestine issue.
There, Roosevelt and Saud concluded a secret agreement in which the U.S. would provide Saudi Arabia military security – military assistance, training and a military base at Dhahran in Saudi Arabia – in exchange for secure access to supplies of oil.
Following a presidential conference with the American ambassadors to Great Britain, France and Italy, the cruiser steamed for the United States, arriving Newport News, 27 February.
Two days later, she departed Ulithi and joined Rear Admiral Wiltse's Cruiser Division 10, in Vice Admiral Mitscher's Fast Carrier Task Force.
The cruiser departed Leyte 1 July with Task Force 38 to begin a period of strikes at Japan's home islands which lasted until the termination of hostilities on V-J Day.
She was assigned to the Bremerton Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet until 31 January 1952, when she recommissioned to serve in the 7th Fleet in support of United Nations Forces in Korea.
Following fitting out and readiness training, she served in the screen of the Fast Carrier Task groups ranging off the coastline of Korea from 25 July 1953 to 1 December 1953.
She was the only one of her class to retain her Bofors 40 mm gun mounts instead of receiving the newer 3/50 mounts.
It was formed on 28 October 1850 by the merger of two earlier railways, the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway and the Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway.
Its main business was mineral traffic, especially coal, and passengers, but its more southerly territory was very thinly populated and local traffic, passenger and goods, was limited, while operationally parts of its network were difficult.
It later formed an alliance with the English Midland Railway and ran express passenger trains from Glasgow to London with that company, in competition with the Caledonian Railway and its English partner, who had an easier route.
Much of the network remains active at the present day; Glasgow commuting particularly has developed, and parts of the network have been electrified.
Many of the earlier mineral workings, and branches constructed to serve them, have ceased, and many local passenger stations in rural areas have closed.
In 1921 the G&SWR had of line (calculated as single track extent plus sidings) and the company’s capital was about £19 million.
In the early 1830s, there were already several mineral railways operating in Scotland; local in extent, they were mostly built to serve coal mines and other mineral activity.
The successful operation of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway as an inter-city line, and then the Grand Junction Railway reaching northwards, caused railway promoters in the west of Scotland to consider that one day, there might be a through railway line to London.
It was a locomotive railway, and in due time it opened its branch line from Dalry to Kilmarnock, with the intention of extending to Carlisle to meet up with whatever railway might reach that city from the south.
The GPK&AR had anticipated constructing its authorised line and then the extension, but by 1846 there was a frenzy of competing schemes that threatened to destroy the Company's core business.
Few of these were realistic, but the GPK&AR itself felt obliged to promote numerous branches, many of them tactical, in order to keep competing schemes out.
This period of railway promotion was followed by a slump, when money was difficult to come by, and these factors prevented the GPK&AR from bringing its Carlisle extension into reality.
Enthusiasm for a connection to English railways continued, however, and was intensified by the promotion of other schemes to link central Scotland and England.
The GD&CR was authorised by Act of Parliament, but the rival Caledonian Railway (CR) had already had authorisation for building its line on the Annandale route; the GD&CR's financial position led it to abandon its intention of building an independent line to Carlisle, and it altered its plan so as to join the CR at Gretna Junction, relying on negotiating running powers for its trains to reach Carlisle.
The GD&CR and the GPK&AR formed the definite intention of merging; at first the GD&CR demanded terms that were excessive, particularly as their own financial situation was weak: they were funding construction of their line with money loaned by the GPK&AR.
However more realistic expectations emerged later, and by Acts of 1846 and 1847 it was determined that the two companies would merge when the GD&CR had completed construction of its line.
The GPK&AR extended as far as Horsecleugh (between Cumnock and New Cumnock) and the GD&CR reached an end-on junction there, completing the through line on 28 October 1850.
Although this was described as a merger, the reality was that the penniless GD&CR was dissolved, its operation was taken over by the GPK&AR, and the latter company changed its name to the G&SWR.
The trains on the Dumfries line now ran through to Carlisle, an arrangement having been made with the Caledonian Railway to permit this.
However the CR did not encourage the G&SWR and only on 1 March 1851 was a booking clerk given accommodation at Carlisle Citadel passenger station.
This was granted on an undertaking that the G&SWR would never interfere with the business of the CR or the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, and tolls were charged for use of the line from Gretna, and for bulk goods passing through Carlisle, whether transshipped or not.
The accounts for the first half year, produced in March 1851, showed gross income for the six months to be £87,186 and a 2¼% dividend was declared.
Good enough as the results were, the long main line to Gretna was not producing much, due to the dominance of competing route of the Caledonian Railway, and business in general declined following the first half year.
A pooling agreement was finalised in 1853 which mitigated some of the worst toll charges, but routing of goods traffic via the CR was made obligatory in many situations.
In the years immediately following the formation of the G&SWR, the shortage of capital meant that no definite steps were taken for further expansion.
Local initiatives were encouraged, however, with the G&SWR providing some funding and in most cases working the line when it was completed.
At this time the G&SWR Ayr station was north of the River Ayr, and the A&DR was to run from Falkland Junction, a short distance north of the station, and round the east side of the town.
The new line had an Ayr passenger station (a temporary structure at first), but it was less convenient than the old terminus; until January 1860 the old G&SWR terminus station continued to be used by some trains.
Passenger opening was delayed until 2 August 1856 because of the Board of Trade Inspecting Officer's dissatisfaction with the works at first.
The Maybole and Girvan line opened on 24 May 1860; the old Maybole station, east of Redbrae, was unsuitable for an onward route and was by-passed, the new passenger station being at Culzean Road.
The Ardrossan Railway had long been allied to the G&SWR and by Act of 24 July 1854 it was vested in the G&SWR, effective on 1 August 1854.
It was independently sponsored, although it was seen as a possible first step in opening up the entire region; it was authorised on 21 July 1856.
There was a small harbour there and ferry crossings to Donaghadee provided the shortest route to reach the north of Ireland.
Mail, cattle, and soldiers had been conveyed that way, but reaching Portpatrick with a railway across difficult and sparsely populated land had been a challenge.
Government assurances were given about the use of the sea route for mail and improvement of the tiny harbour at Portpatrick, and suddenly rival railways including the English Great Northern Railway were hastening to put up money for a share.
With a capital of £460,000, the line looked well supported and got its Act of Parliament on 17 August 1857, retitled the Portpatrick Railway.
The construction, through difficult terrain, went ahead, and as completion became near, the Portpatrick Railway planned the arrangements for the working of its line.
The G&SWR had been certain that its terms for working the line would have to be accepted; it had promised a further £40,000 towards the capital cost of the Portpatrick Railway, and on a pretext it now declined to make that payment, further alienating the Portpatrick Railway.
The Government had implied a promise to improve the tiny harbour at Portpatrick and was now delaying; the Portpatrick Railway delayed too, but finally completed the line from Stranraer to Portpatrick on 28 August 1862.
Although some use was made of the route, the anticipated major sea crossing never materialised, and in time Stranraer became the more important port.
Before the existence of the G&SWR, its predecessor, the GPK&AR had acquired the Paisley and Renfrew Railway, a horse-operated railway with track on stone blocks, and the GS&WR acquired this line.
By 1866 the primitive technology had become an embarrassment and pressure from the Burgh of Renfrew caused the G&SWR to upgrade the line to locomotive haulage, converting it to standard gauge, and connecting it to the main (joint) line at Greenlaw, east of Paisley, and facing Glasgow.
As traffic increased, dependency on the Bridge Street station as the G&SWR Glasgow station became ever more strained, and a nominally independent central terminus was proposed; this would involve constructive the first railway bridge over this part of the Clyde—there had previously been no connection across the river in Glasgow.
The G&SWR and the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway were partners, and invited the Caledonian Railway to join in, but the CR declined.
The line would run from a junction with the Paisley joint line at West Street to Sighthill on the E&GR, with a new passenger station at St Enoch, a large goods station in land vacated by the University of Glasgow and a connection at West Street to the General Terminus goods branch on the bank of the Clyde.
Construction was slow and costs overran heavily; on 12 December 1870 the first trains ran from Shields Road to a temporary central passenger terminus at Dunlop Street.
On 1 June 1871 the line was extended to Bellgrove, joining the North British Railway (NBR) there, and forming the north-south connecting link, which was heavily used for transfer goods trains.
The station was universally regarded as magnificent, and in 1879 the accompanying St Enoch Hotel, the largest in Scotland, opened too.
By now the NBR enthusiasm for a general central passenger station had waned, and the northwards exit from St Enoch station was only used by local G&SWR trains to Springburn.
This was followed by partition of the CGUR; the section south and west of College Junction (near High Street, NBR) went to the G&SWR, and the section north and east of Bellgrove went to the NBR.
In the 1890s it became obvious that expansion of St Enoch was essential, and on 18 August 1898 an Act for the extension of St Enoch station was passed.
Shareholders of both companies objected to the wasteful duplication, and in 1869 an Act was obtained for the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway, owned jointly by both companies, running from Neilston on the GB&NDR.
As well as supporting the City Union line, in 1864 the G&SWR proposed a large number of branch lines, most of them tactical in respect of competition with the Caledonian Railway.
As part of the rapprochement, the G&SWR was granted permanent powers to run between Gretna and Carlisle, for £5,000 a year.
In 1865, four railways were absorbed, effective from 1 August; they were the Bridge of Weir Railway (from Elderslie, opened in 1864), the Maybole and Girvan Railway (described above; it had never made money and had run out of cash to finish the buildings and ancillary works on the line); the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway (CD&DR); and the Kirkcudbright Railway.
The friendly Greenock and Ayrshire Railway (G&AR) was heavily supported (£300,000 out of £350,000 share capital) by the G&SWR, and opened its line from Bridge of Weir to Albert Harbour at Greenock, in 1869.
This gave a quayside transfer to steamers at Greenock, and a price war with the established CR line broke out, eventually resolved with a traffic sharing agreement: the G&SWR received 42.68% of receipts.
The first line was from Ayr to Mauchline through Annbank, and this was followed by a long loop from Annbank to Cronberry on the Muirkirk line, and a connection to Holehouse Junction on the Dalmellington route.
It experienced resistance at first, the Largs Branch opened in stages between 1878 and 1885, with stations at West Kilbride, Fairlie and Largs.
Continuing from Girvan to Portpatrick, for the crossing to the north of Ireland was still an aspiration, but this section was the most difficult, and sparsely populated terrain.
After some false starts, friendly promoters put forward a Girvan and Portpatrick Junction Railway (G&PJR) obtained an authorising Act on 5 July 1865 to close the gap.
The railway was to reach Stranraer by joining the Portpatrick Railway at Challoch Junction, continuing over that line for 10 miles (16 km).
However the Portpatrick line was being worked by the Caledonian Railway (CR), and the CR was hostile to the G&PJR, which it saw was an ally of the G&SWR.
In the intervening period the supposed advantages of Portpatrick as the ferry port for the north of Ireland had dissipated, and Stranraer was now considered the better port.
The Portpatrick Railway (PR) had its established line from Dumfries to Stranraer, also a long line through difficult terrain with little intermediate business, but achieving significantly better financial results.
The arrangement with the CR for that company to work the line expired in 1885 and the PR considered who might take up the work.
Both the CR and the G&SWR were candidates, and two English railways, the London and North Western Railway and the Midland Railway were interested in extending their influence to Stranraer to capture Irish business.
The Wigtownshire Railway was in effect a branch of the PR, running south from Newton Stewart to connect good quality farming land around Wigtown and the sea ports of Garlieston and Wigtown.
After considerable negotiation, the decision emerged not to form a further working arrangement for the PR, but instead to merge the PR and the Wigtownshire Railway.
The combined network formed the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway, purchased by a consortium of the interested larger companies, the G&SWR, the CR, the MR and the LNWR.
This was particularly the case on the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Line where the traffic of the rival Caledonian Railway had to be dealt with.
In 1881 the G&SWR submitted a Parliamentary Bill to drain the defunct Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal and build a railway on it.
The new line left the former City of Glasgow Union Line at Shields Junction, where it joined the Joint Line, and ran via the southern part of Paisley to Elderslie, where it rejoined the Ayr main line.
At this time Paisley was enjoying very considerable industrial growth and the new line was able to serve the relevant areas.
Following the route of a contour canal involved many meandering curves, the worst of which were eased by the use of earthworks.
The line opened fully on 1 July 1885, and some through passenger trains used the line as well as local and mineral trains.
In 1894-5, new carriage sidings were constructed at Bellahouston on the Canal Line, while new engine sheds at Corkerhill were constructed, to relieve pressure on the city centre accommodation.
Industry was expanding too in Johnstone, on the north side of the town in areas not served by the main line.
As well as mineral extractive industries, there were extensive textile mills along the Black Cart Water, and a short branch line from Cart Junction to Johnstone North was opened in 1896.
The traffic congestion problem was also experienced on the main line between Elderslie and Dalry (where the Kilmarnock line diverged) and the decision was taken to duplicate this section of the route by a new line on the north of the lochs in the Garnock Valley.
The scheme upgraded the Johnstone North line, and ran from its terminus (upgraded and relocated) to Brownhill Junction, north of Dalry, by way of Lochwinnoch.
The capacity relief was continued at Dalry by quadrupling the track from Brownhill Junction, and the junction itself was a flying junction, the first in Scotland.
Much more traffic took the diverging route at Elderslie towards Cart Junction—all of the new line traffic, as well as the fast Greenock boat trains—and the opportunity was taken to provide a burrowing junction at Elderslie for this route: when the Ayr main line was built, it crossed the canal by a bridge.
The canal was long defunct, and a new line was built passing under the bridge and running to Cart Junction, eliminating the conflicting move.
When the Caledonian Railway reached the town from the east in 1905, a non-encroachment agreement was activated and a few miles of line from Darvel to the Lanarkshire county boundary was transferred from the CR to the G&SWR.
The volume of mineral traffic heading for Troon and Ayr caused congestion in passing through Kilmarnock station, and a by-pass line on the south side of the town opened in 1902.
Observing the success of the Paisley Canal and Potterhill lines in serving industry, both the CR and the G&SWR considered lines in the area between Paisley and Barrhead.
In 1902 the G&SWR opened the Barrhead Branch from Potterhill to a new Barrhead Central station, with spurs to the GB&KJR route.
Usage proved disappointing, and it reverted to a reduced conventional service in 1907, and Barrhead Central closed to passengers in 1917.
Intended to open up remote coastal settlements between Ayr and Girvan it was promoted with the construction of the luxurious Turnberry Hotel.
Local passenger services were discontinued in 1930, but the link at the Girvan end to Turnberry survived for a short period; at the Ayr end a holiday camp was in use, receiving holidaymakers by train to Heads of Ayr until 1968.
In the earliest days, railways did not have continuous brakes (in which brakes on all or most vehicles in a train could be controlled by the driver).
Over the course of time, accidents created pressure for their provision on passenger trains, but the system to be adopted was controversial.
At first the company adopted Smith's simple vacuum brake, but although the equipment was simple, it had the defect that it was inoperable in the event of a train becoming divided, or if the engine apparatus failed.
The company decided to change systems: at the end of 1878 the Board of Trade were informed that the G&SWR had six engines operating Smith's brake, and 22 engines operating the Westinghouse brake.
In this period there was considerable disparity in the systems used on the railways of the country, and compatibility between locomotive and the vehicles of another company, for example on through trains, was a serious issue.
The company began to see its future as an ally of the Midland Railway, a large English system using the automatic vacuum brake, and in 1884 decided to convert to that system.
By the end of 1900 the company had 210 engines fitted with continuous brake equipment, and 97% of passenger mileage was under such conditions.
The slip coach section was slipped at Irvine off the 4.15 pm St Enoch to Ayr, which ran non-stop from Paisley to Prestwick.
It opened with two wooden masts built into the castellated telegraph hut, the tallest for running up and down a flag to signify if the main line north to St Enoch was clear and the second one slightly shorter to signal the trains for the Castle Douglas branch.
With the opening of the Lockerbie branch into Dumfries in 1863 the pointsman's tower was removed from the junction beyond Albany Place and was re-erected on the summit of the slope at the deep cutting north of Dumfries station.
The Kirkcudbright Advertizer (sic) further reported: The points at the sidings and junctions will be worked from the top of this bank by means of rods and levers.
Three semaphore signal posts have been erected at the tower; the central post, which is higher than the others, is for the G&SWR line; that on the eastern side, for the Lockerbie line; and the one on the western side, for the Castle Douglas line.
The semaphores for each line will be connected with the levers which work the points, and consequently when the pointsman shifts the points the semaphore is made by the same movement to show the proper signal ...
Serving many piers and harbours on the Firth of Clyde it was natural that the G&SWR developed shipping services to the islands and other piers.
In the 1960s consideration was given to rationalising the railway facilities in Glasgow, and it was decided to concentrate the south-facing passenger services on Glasgow Central station, closing St Enoch.
The closure took place in 1966, and for some time the trainshed was used principally as a car park; the roof was demolished in 1975.
In 1971 the Princes Pier stub was connected to the Wemyss Bay line at Cartsburn Junction in order to serve the Clyde Port Authority container terminal.
In 1966 local services were withdrawn from the Dalry to Kilmarnock line; the route closed completely in October 1973 after completion of the West Coast Main Line electrification.
The Paisley Canal Line was closed in January 1983, and the original Paisley Canal station, on the east side of Causeyside Street, was converted into a restaurant.
The main line of the G&SWR, from Glasgow to Carlisle via Kilmarnock and Dumfries continues to operate at the present day.
Reilly has described himself as being mischievous during his childhood, highlighting an event when he was 12 in which he and his friends stole 500 boxes of Sugar Corn Pops from a freight train.
Although his role was written as a small one, De Palma liked Reilly's performance so much that the role was significantly expanded.
Reilly received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and an Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead nomination for his critically acclaimed performance.
It also starred Oscar-winners Jodie Foster as his wife, and Kate Winslet and Christoph Waltz as another married couple who engage in a conflict after their children get into a fight.
In addition to his acting role, he also performed as a vocalist and songwriter on the movie's soundtrack, for which he was nominated for a Grammy.
Reilly went on a concert performance tour in the US, performing as his character Dewey Cox in the Cox Across America 2007 Tour.
In 2012, his current band, John Reilly & Friends, was slated to perform in the Railroad Revival Tour, alongside Willie Nelson & Family, Band of Horses and Jamey Johnson.
The production was held at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre and broadcast on YouTube to raise money for the American Foundation for Equal Rights, a non-profit organization funding the plaintiffs' legal team and sponsoring the play.
Because of his incredible abilities, he's contacted by several individuals (curiously, all of them are very similar persons named Akizuki Kaoru) to do all sorts of strange computer-related hacking/security jobs.
At first, the episodes revolved around some freelance jobs that highlighted his abilities - however, later on in the series, characters came back and offered help or plot twists.
The school that Shirase had gone to had been hinted throughout the series, and it finally made an appearance in the last episode, when some of the characters began to show their hidden relationships to the others.
The Vickers Wellesley was a British 1930s medium bomber built by Vickers-Armstrongs at Brooklands near Weybridge, Surrey, for the Royal Air Force.
While it was obsolete by the start of the Second World War and unsuited to the European air war, the Wellesley was operated in the desert theatres of East Africa, Egypt and the Middle East.
The design originated from the Air Ministry Specification G.4/31 which called for a general purpose aircraft, capable of carrying out level bombing, army co-operation, dive bombing, reconnaissance, casualty evacuation and torpedo bombing.
The biplane Vickers Type 253 design, which used a radical geodesic airframe construction, derived from that used by Barnes Wallis in the airship R100, was ordered by the Ministry and tested against the specification along with the Fairey G.4/31, Westland PV-7, Handley Page HP.47, Armstrong Whitworth A.W.19, Blackburn B-7, Hawker P.V.4 and the Parnall G.4/31.
This aircraft had superior performance but did not attempt to meet the multi-role requirements of the specification, being designed as a bomber only.
As it was not known how the geodetic structure could cope with being disrupted by a bomb bay, the Wellesley's bomb load was carried in two streamlined panniers under the wings.
The Wellesley Mk I had two cockpits but this was slightly changed in what was unofficially dubbed the Wellesley Mk II, whose pilot's canopy was extended to cover the navigator/bomb aimer's position that had been buried in the fuselage.
On 5 November 1938, three of these aircraft under command of Squadron Leader Richard Kellett flew non-stop for two days from Ismailia, Egypt to Darwin, Australia setting a world distance record.
By the outbreak of the Second World War, the Wellesley had been phased out from home-based squadrons, with only four examples remaining in Britain, but they remained in service with three squadrons based in the Middle East.
Following the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940, the remaining Wellesley squadrons participated in the East African Campaign against Italian forces in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somaliland.
Although obsolete, the Wellesley formed a major part of the British Commonwealth bomber forces, mainly carrying out raids targeting Eritrea and northern Ethiopia.
In the early part of the campaign, fighter escort was not available and when caught by CR.42s, Wellesleys proved vulnerable to the Italian biplane fighter.
The Wellesley continued in use against the Italians over East Africa until November 1941, when Gondar, the last Italian-held town, fell to Commonwealth and Ethiopian forces.
The final Wellesley-equipped unit, 47 Squadron, was then switched to maritime reconnaissance duties over the Red Sea, continuing in this role until September 1942.
While the Wellesley was not a significant combat aircraft, the design principles that were tested in its construction were put to good use with the Wellington medium bomber, which became one of the mainstays of Bomber Command in the early years of the European war.
In February 1940, three Wellesleys (K7728, K7735 and K8531) were sold to Egypt to serve in the Royal Egyptian Air Force.
She was launched on 23 December 1942; sponsored by Mrs. August C. Frohlich; and commissioned on 28 December 1943, with Captain Ralph C. Alexander in command.
She then covered amphibious landings on Guam from 17–24 July, and two days later, she took part in air strikes against the Palau Islands from 26–29 July.
TF 58 supported the amphibious landings on two of the Palau's from 15–20 September, and then on 21–22 September, it carried out air strikes against the Manila area of Luzon in the northern Philippines.
On 24 October 1944, four days after the amphibious invasion of Leyte, while supporting air strikes against Japanese airfields on Luzon, TF 38 was subjected to a large-scale air attack by land-based aircraft from Clark Field, Luzon.
The light aircraft carrier took the brunt of the attack; she was hit by an aerial bomb and forced to withdraw from the Task Force.
This was the first time in almost two years that a Japanese submarine successfully attacked a ship operating with fast carriers.
After a night dead in the water, she survived yet another attempt to sink her by an unknown Japanese submarine firing 3 torpedoes that missed, but was rescued by a destroyer left behind to defend her.
Among other measures taken to reduce topweight, her starboard torpedo tubes were jettisoned to help preserve stability in the damaged state.
Gunnery officer Arthur R. Gralla received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his role leading the dewatering effort in difficult conditions.
She then steamed under her own power across the Pacific, through the Panama Canal, then to Charleston, S.C., where she entered Charleston Navy Yard on 22 March 1945 for heavy repairs.
Reclassified CLAA-96 18 March 1949, she remained at Bremerton until her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1 March 1959.
They were formed as a conservative and anti-socialist alternative to the Manx Labour Party which was running a high-profile electoral campaign and had hopes of emulating the British Labour Party's success in the previous year's United Kingdom general election.
The district of Strathkelvin, also known as Bishopbriggs and Kirkintilloch, was formed by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 from parts of the counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire and Stirlingshire.
Most of its area it was included in the East Dunbartonshire council area, with Chryston and Auchinloch going to North Lanarkshire.
Mark Alan Webber (born 27 August 1976) is an Australian former professional racing driver, who last competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship as a Porsche works driver in LMP1, in which he won the championship in 2015.
Webber won nine Formula One Grands Prix and finished third in the championship in , and , all of which achieved while driving for Red Bull Racing.
After some racing success in Australia driving Formula Ford and Formula Holden, Webber moved to the United Kingdom in 1995 to further his motorsport career.
Webber began a partnership with fellow Australian Paul Stoddart, at that time owner of the European Racing Formula 3000 team, which eventually took them both into Formula One when Stoddart bought the Minardi team.
Webber made his Formula One debut in , scoring Minardi's first points in three years at his and Stoddart's home race.
During two years with the generally uncompetitive team, Webber qualified on the front two rows of the grid several times and outperformed his teammates.
His first F1 win was with Red Bull at the 2009 German Grand Prix, which followed second places at the 2009 Chinese Grand Prix, 2009 Turkish Grand Prix and 2009 British Grand Prix.
Webber finished the 2010 season in third place having led for a long period, losing out to teammate Sebastian Vettel in the final race of the season.
Webber added another race victory in the 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix, as he once again finished third behind champion Vettel and runner-up Jenson Button.
Webber partnered Vettel again in the season, outperforming him in the early season and looked to be a major title contender but fell away with no wins in the second half of the season after two in the Monaco and British Grands Prix.
He began to race for Porsche in 2014, on a long-term deal, racing LMP1 Sportscars in the FIA World Endurance Championship.
Webber is one of six drivers of the Porsche 919 Hybrid, and in November 2015 he became World Endurance Champion in the #17 car, alongside Timo Bernhard and Brendon Hartley.
After his retirement from F1 Webber joined the BBC F1 team as an occasional pundit and reporter from 2014–2015 and has joined the Channel 4 F1 Team in the UK for their coverage in 2016 as a full-time pundit.
On 13 October 2016, Webber announced that he would retire from driving at the end of the 2016 season in order to take up a representative role with Porsche and to focus on media roles with Channel 4's coverage of F1 and WEC.
He began his relationship with sport at a young age, working as a ball boy for premiership winning rugby league team, the Canberra Raiders, during the late 1980s.
However, motorsport was where his interest lay, listing Formula One World Champion Alain Prost and Grand Prix motorcycle racer Kevin Schwantz as his childhood heroes.
He won the New South Wales state championship in 1993, and moved straight to the Australian Formula Ford Championship after his father bought him an ex-Craig Lowndes Van Diemen FF1600.
Continuing in the series in 1995, Webber scored several victories, including a win in the support race for the at Adelaide.
He finished the series in fourth place, but perhaps more importantly, he teamed with Championship coordinator Ann Neal, who gained him a seven-year sponsorship with Australian Yellow Pages, and would become his manager, accompanying him on a trip to England to try to start a career in Europe.
Webber was given a test at Snetterton with the Van Diemen team, and subsequently earned a works drive for the team at the 1995 Formula Ford Festival, at Brands Hatch, where he finished third.
During the 1996 British Formula Ford Championship, he took four victories on his way to second place overall, finishing a strong season with a win in the Formula Ford Festival.
He also won the Spa-Francorchamps race of the Formula Ford Euro Cup, taking third in the series despite competing in only two of the three rounds.
Two days after his Festival victory Webber completed a successful test for Alan Docking Racing, and was signed by the team to graduate to Formula Three in 1997.
Without the financial backing he had enjoyed during his time in Formula Ford, Webber and his team struggled to find the money to fund their 1997 championship campaign.
He was almost forced to quit halfway through the season, but was able to obtain significant financial and personal support from Australian rugby union player David Campese, which helped him to complete the year.
He took a further four podium finishes, including a second place in the support race for the 1997 British Grand Prix, and finished the season in fourth overall.
Although he initially declined the offer he was persuaded at the end of the year when invited to participate in a test session for the team at the A1-Ring in Austria.
Mercedes-AMG were suitably impressed with Webber, and he was signed as the official Mercedes works junior driver for the 1998 FIA GT Championship, alongside reigning champion Bernd Schneider.
Travelling around the world, including the United States, Japan and Europe, the pair won five of the ten rounds on their way to second in the overall standings, beaten to the Championship by teammates Klaus Ludwig and Ricardo Zonta by just eight seconds in the final race at Laguna Seca.
His sportscar career ended early after he flipped twice on the Mulsanne Straight during practice for the 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans race.
An aerodynamic fault on the team's Mercedes-Benz CLRs caused Webber to become spectacularly airborne during both practice and race-day warm up, with the same fate befalling teammate Peter Dumbreck five hours into the race.
Both drivers escaped uninjured, but the crashes forced Mercedes to shelve their sportscar program for the year and Webber to reconsider a return to open wheel racing.
Stoddart offered to underwrite the necessary $1.1 million budget for Webber, and gave him a drive in his Arrows Formula 3000 team for 2000.
As a result, Webber also got his first taste of a Formula One car, completing a two-day test at Barcelona in December 1999 for the Arrows F1 team.
Webber was signed as test driver for the Arrows F1 team for 2000, and also gained sponsorship from Australian beer company Foster's whilst competing in Formula 3000.
Webber took victory in round two of the season at Silverstone, and finished the series with two fastest laps and three podiums on his way to third overall—the highest position of any rookie that year.
Contract issues meant that Webber was never able to drive the Arrows A21 car, and rejected a full contract offer for 2001 in July.
However, he was offered a three-day evaluation test for Benetton at the end of the year, outpacing F1 drivers Ralf Schumacher and Giancarlo Fisichella at Estoril.
The results were good enough to earn him the test driver role with the team for 2001, and he also agreed to take on team boss Flavio Briatore as manager in return for finance for a further F3000 season.
Webber joined the championship-winning Super Nova Racing team, and despite winning at Imola, Monaco and Magny-Cours, he finished second overall to British driver Justin Wilson.
Webber was replaced as test driver for Benetton for 2002 by Fernando Alonso, but Briatore managed to secure Webber a contract to race alongside Alex Yoong in the Stoddart-owned Minardi team, making him the first Australian in Formula One since David Brabham in 1994.
This was the first race of an initial three race contract and was extended until the end of the season after his first race.
The start of the race featured a spectacular accident between Ralf Schumacher and Rubens Barrichello, the aftermath of which forced eight cars to retire from the race.
Webber, who had a problem with his launch control at the start, battled with a broken differential to fend off the experienced Mika Salo in a much faster Toyota and finish fifth.
The result made Webber just the fourth Australian F1 driver to score World Championship points, and the first Minardi driver to score points since Marc Gené in .
Webber picked up two more 11th-place finishes, but was unable to score points for the remainder of the year, his next best result coming in France, where he finished 8th.
In the , Webber lost two kilograms in weight over the length of the race as he was forced to drive without a drink after his water bottle broke.
Webber was able to outqualify Yoong (and Anthony Davidson, who replaced Yoong for the Hungarian and Belgian Grands Prix) in every race, and his two points in Australia were the only points that Minardi scored all season, helping them to 9th in the Constructors' Championship, ahead of Toyota and Arrows.
In November 2002 it was announced that Webber would join Jaguar Racing for the following season alongside Brazilian Williams test driver Antônio Pizzonia.
Webber's Jaguar career started disappointingly when he qualified in 14th place for the before being forced to retire on lap 15 with a rear suspension failure.
The following race in Malaysia was problematic for Webber; Giancarlo Fisichella began reversing towards him on the starting grid and then Webber's in-car fire extinguisher discharged into his face.
Webber took provisional pole position in Friday qualifying of the , out-qualifying local driver Rubens Barrichello by 0.138 seconds during a rain-affected session.
He continued his good performance in the Saturday session taking a career-best 3rd on the grid, Jaguar Racing's best qualifying performance in their four-year Formula One history.
In the race, which was hit heavily by rain, Webber was in seventh place when he attempted to cool his tyres by driving through a puddle lying off-line in the final corner.
The resultant lack of grip caused Webber to crash heavily into the pit straight walls, leaving debris on the track which caused a second major crash; Fernando Alonso hitting a stray tyre.
The race was subsequently red-flagged, and although Webber was originally classified in 7th, an FIA investigation found a timekeeping error which meant that Webber was placed 9th in the re-classification.
Webber's good qualifying form continued into the but at the start of the race he had dropped from 5th to 11th by the first corner because of a launch control failure that affected both Jaguars.
His luck improved in the following races though, taking his first points in Spain and signing a new 2-year contract with the team reportedly worth US$6 million per season.
He then went on to score points in five of the next six races on his way to moving into the top 10 in the World Drivers' Championship, the run of results interrupted only by an engine failure in Monaco.
One of his best races came in Austria where despite starting from the pitlane and suffering a drive-through penalty he set the race's third fastest lap, behind only the Ferraris of Michael Schumacher and Rubens Barrichello, finishing in 7th place.
Webber came closest to hitting Horan in a terrifying parallel to the accident at the 1977 South African Grand Prix where volunteer track marshal, Jansen Van Vuuren, ran across the main straight to aid a car and was hit at by Welsh driver Tom Pryce.
After Silverstone, Webber had scored 12 Championship points, compared with Pizzonia's 0, and after much speculation it was announced that Minardi driver Justin Wilson would replace the Brazilian for the remainder of the year.
The saw Webber's sixth retirement of the season after he made a last lap lunge on Jenson Button in an attempt to salvage a point from the weekend.
Consecutive points finishes in Hungary and Italy saw Webber climb to ninth in the drivers' standings with a 5-point margin over Button.
He was unable to hold on to this position however, after one too many laps on dry tyres saw him spin out from the lead of the , and a disappointing 11th-place result in Japan.
Although Wilson scored a point in the United States Grand Prix, Webber had still never been outqualified by a teammate and, late in the year, Jaguar announced that rookie Christian Klien would team up with Webber for the 2004 season.
Continuing with Jaguar in 2004, Webber qualified sixth for the first race of the season, the , but faced his second consecutive retirement from his home race, this time as a result of a gearbox failure.
At the following race, the , Webber produced the best qualifying performance of his career up to that point by splitting the dominant Ferraris to line up second on the grid.
The race was less rewarding with a near-stall at the start meaning he was well outside the top 10 by the time the cars reached turn 1.
An aggressive lap saw him move up to ninth place but during an exciting battle with Ralf Schumacher, they collided, forcing Webber to pit with damage to his front wing and tyre.
In his desperation to make up for the lost time, Webber exceeded the pitlane speed limit and was handed a drive-through penalty which left him even further behind.
More frustration eventually led to the end of his race as he spun into the gravel trap on the outside of the final corner on lap 23.
The situation improved for the following race in Bahrain though, as Webber picked up his first point for the season despite a small mistake in qualifying which left him starting 14th and marked the first time he had been outqualified by his teammate in F1.
He was unable to continue his point scoring form, however, as intermittent electrical problems in San Marino and a lack of grip in Spain meant that he could do no better than 13th and 12th in those races.
Webber suffered two engine failures in practice for the , the first of which forced Webber to extinguish it himself after being unable to find a track-side marshal willing to help.
Webber had lined up 14th on the grid, after being handed a one-second penalty for yellow flag infringements during Friday practice, but was able to move through the field to take his points tally to 3.
After the race, he was criticised by Michael Schumacher for refusing to yield when Webber had emerged from his pit stop slightly ahead of (but one lap behind) Schumacher.
There were consecutive retirements in Canada, where he was hit by Klien, and the United States where he suffered an oil leak.
A change of luck gained him a 9th-place finish in the and preceded a further championship point in the ; although his total of 4 points compared unfavourably with the 12 scored by the same time in the previous season.
It was at this stage that former teammate Pizzonia returned to racing as a replacement for the injured Ralf Schumacher and accused Jaguar of favouritism towards Webber during their time as teammates saying that Webber received new car parts one or two races before Pizzonia.
The claims were categorically denied by Jaguar boss David Pitchforth, and whilst Webber did not publicly comment on the situation at the time he had his best result of the season finishing sixth in the , running ahead of Pizzonia for the entire race.
Meanwhile, reports emerged that Jaguar could not guarantee that they would compete in Formula One for the 2005 season and on 28 July, it was announced that Webber would drive for WilliamsF1 for 2005 and beyond.
Webber was unable to build on his points tally, however, and 10th place in Hungary followed by a first-lap accident in Belgium with 9th in Italy and 10th in China saw him sitting 13th in the Championship.
The penultimate race of the season, the saw Webber produce another good qualifying effort as he set the third fastest time.
His race ended prematurely though when he suffered from a badly overheating cockpit, the cause of which could not be determined by Jaguar.
The marked both Webber's last race for Jaguar and Jaguar's last race in Formula One, ending sadly for the team, as Klien turned into a corner colliding with Webber as the Australian attempted to make up for a pit stop delay earlier in the race.
Webber was forced to retire due to the damage and watched the remainder of the race from the grass on the outside of turn 1 as Klien finished 14th.
Webber was granted an early release from his Jaguar contract to be allowed to test with his new team, Williams, over the winter.
Williams had announced that Jenson Button would drive for the team in 2005 alongside Webber but, after claims that Button was still contracted to BAR, his contract with Williams was overturned.
Heidfeld was finally announced as Webber's 2005 teammate at the Williams season launch on 31 January, with Webber admitting he was pleased with the eventual decision.
Expectations were high as Webber's former team boss Paul Stoddart predicted Webber would take his first victory in 2005 while Williams technical director Sam Michael said Webber would eventually win the World Championship with Williams.
In his first race for the team, the , Webber took 3rd on the grid but was beaten to the first corner by David Coulthard and eventually finished the race in fifth which finally matched his effort with Minardi in '02.
An optimistic Fisichella (who was struggling due to a lack of downforce and tyre grip) slip streamed Webber on the back straight and attempted a counter-pass down the inside of turn 15.
After qualifying fifth in Bahrain, Webber had been as high as third place in the race but he ultimately finished sixth, taking his points tally to 7 for the season.
He followed this up by qualifying fourth and finishing a disappointing 10th after twice running wide off the track in the , although his position was revised to 7th after the disqualification of the BAR team and a resulting penalty to Ralf Schumacher.
The race was a poor one for Williams (Heidfeld was 9th before the reclassification), but Webber hit back at the , qualifying 2nd and finishing 6th – his fourth points scoring finish in the first five races.
On the rostrum Webber looked noticeably disappointed with the result after losing second place to teammate Heidfeld due to the Williams team pitting Heidfeld before Webber causing Webber to lose time behind the slow Alonso.
Webber had been ahead of Heidfeld for most of the race and would probably still have been second had the team pitted them in the more regular sequence.
This best result of Webber's career was followed by one of his worst at the when, after qualifying third, he locked his brakes in the very first corner of the race and collided with Juan Pablo Montoya, forcing him to retire.
The race in Canada was affected by this previous result, as Webber was only able to qualify 14th, but he was pleased with an eventual 5th-place finish and a further 4 Championship points.
The was the beginning of a lean streak for Webber with just one point-scoring finish in the next seven races, a seventh in Hungary, and by this stage he had slipped from 6th to 10th in the World Championship.
Webber had another poor race in Turkey where he collided with Michael Schumacher after the German changed lines in the braking area, causing extensive damage to both cars.
With Heidfeld injured, Webber's former Jaguar teammate Antônio Pizzonia stepped into the second Williams seat adding pressure on Webber to perform well given the public argument the pair had towards the end of 2004.
The saw Pizzonia driving to seventh whilst Webber was caught up in a first-corner incident which led to him finishing 14th.
The roles were reversed for the following race in Belgium as Webber finished in fourth place and Pizzonia retired after a collision with Juan Pablo Montoya in the closing laps.
With rumours spreading that Heidfeld had in fact signed with BMW Sauber for the 2006 season, Pizzonia continued in the race seat, and in the , was clipped by David Coulthard in turn one.
The final two races of the season saw Webber take 4th and 7th to consolidate his 10th place in the Drivers' Championship.
For the first time in Webber's career the first race of the season was not held in Melbourne, but in Bahrain, due to the original date clashing with the Commonwealth Games.
Although Webber was considered by some to have the better race performance, this was generally overlooked when Rosberg set the fastest lap in his debut race and moved up through the field despite a first-lap incident.
In Malaysia, Webber started 4th on the grid and was still running in that position before a hydraulics failure ended his race on lap 14.
Webber had taken the lead of the race on lap 21, becoming the first Australian to lead the Australian Grand Prix since John Bowe had done so in the early laps of the non-championship 1984 Australian Grand Prix.
In the , hydraulics failure struck again ending his race after he had fought his way back to 12th from his 19th place start on the grid due to a mid-weekend engine change.
The marked the first time Webber failed to make the top 10 cut-off in the new qualifying system and he struggled during the race finishing ninth.
Monaco, however, saw a huge improvement with Webber qualifying on the front row, after Michael Schumacher's grid penalty, holding third for a large part of the race before retiring when his exhaust burned a wiring loom.
In France, Webber suffered a spectacular tyre blowout at maximum speed which he managed to control and return to the pits, parking in the garage.
Germany was one of Webber's strongest races of the year where he was on target for a podium finish until mechanical failure stopped him with only 9 laps to go.
The was another retirement for Webber as he slid into a barrier in the wet conditions and crushed his front wing under the chassis of the Williams.
In China, Webber scored Williams's first point since Rosberg's 7th in the European Grand Prix by finishing eighth, after passing the struggling David Coulthard in the closing stages of the race, after qualifying 14th.
He qualified in the same position in Japan, but a lack of grip from his Bridgestone tyres saw him crash out of the race after 39 laps.
After starting 11th, he collided with his teammate Rosberg on the first lap and suffered terminal damage to the rear of the car.
The team held an option on his services for 2007 which they chose not to take up on its original terms and although Webber had expressed his desire to stay with the team, Williams offered Webber a considerably smaller salary than had been stipulated in the original contract for the option year.
Williams team boss Sir Frank Williams stated that he was reluctant to wait for Webber to commit to the team once the option for future years had expired, though he did not blame Webber for waiting to see if there was a seat available at another team.
After some speculation of Webber joining the Renault team, which was run by Briatore, it was announced on 7 August 2006 that Webber would join Red Bull Racing for to partner David Coulthard, replacing former Jaguar Racing teammate Christian Klien.
It is rumoured that Briatore arranged an agreement with Red Bull that, if they offered Webber a race seat, Renault would supply them with engines.
On 26 January 2007 the new Red Bull RB3 challenger was unveiled in Spain, and Webber drove the car in a shakedown in Barcelona on the same day.
The car featured heavy revisions to the team's previous cars and looked very much like designer Adrian Newey's previous cars which had either won or come close to the World Title.
At the first race of the season in Melbourne, Webber qualified in 7th place and held that position for the early part of the race, managing to finish in 13th position after the RB3 suffered from a throttle-related malfunction and a jammed fuel flap.
At the , he again out-qualified his more experienced teammate Coulthard and finished tenth, which was encouraging for the team in such a new and radical car.
Bahrain was also going well for both drivers, who were running in sixth and seventh positions, until both cars retired due to mechanical malfunctions.
Webber again was hampered by the aforementioned jammed fuel flap, radically affecting the aerodynamic drag, a vital set-up consideration for the Sakhir circuit.
The potential of both the car and Webber, who had certainly worked well to out-qualify his vastly more experienced teammate, was highlighted by the closeness they had to other teams which ran the Renault engine and although the Adrian Newey-designed car had flaws which contributed to Webber's scoreless season to that point.
Though the pace of the car seemed to be picking up, with Coulthard qualifying in the top-10 for the , Webber was unable to convert his early weekend pace into a competitive grid position due to hydraulic problems.
His race was much the same with a similar hydraulic problem leading to him retiring early in the race whilst teammate Coulthard notched up the team's first points with a fifth-place finish.
A rain spiced race and the retirement of Kimi Räikkönen, who was running third at the time, allowed Webber to claim third on the podium despite almost losing the position on the penultimate corner as he battled with Alexander Wurz.
His best chance at winning a race occurred at the where, in the wet conditions, Webber ran in 2nd place, setting the 3rd fastest lap of the race after the two McLarens.
Towards the end of the race, Webber was running 2nd behind Lewis Hamilton, with no further pit stops to make, when Sebastian Vettel, driver for sister team Scuderia Toro Rosso, ran into the back of him when Hamilton suddenly reduced his speed in poor visibility and heavy rain under a safety car, taking both cars out of the race.
Webber looked strong in the race, running as high as fourth, before yet another mechanical failure brought an end to a disappointing but promising season for the Australian.
He recorded top-six lap times in each of the three practice sessions, and was on his way to the top ten in the qualifying session when the front right brake disc in his car failed going into turn 6 during Q2, sending him spinning off into the sand trap ending his qualifying session, and resulting in 15th position on the grid.
Although starting well, he momentarily went off the track at turn 1 to avoid being involved in contact that had already erupted.
Webber made several positions by turn 3 but an incident involving himself, Kazuki Nakajima and Anthony Davidson when he was slightly contacted by Davidson whilst trying to avoid the struggle between the other two drivers, ended his race.
Despite the retirement in Australia, the next 5 rounds saw a string of point-scoring positions, including a 4th at Monaco in the wet, one of the few finishers not to have made a mistake and subsequent pit-in, however his performance was overshadowed by Hamilton's win.
Until 2009, this was Webber's best start to an F1 season since 2005 with Williams, managing five consecutive points scoring races.
On the Thursday of the weekend, it was announced that Webber had agreed to a one-year extension to his contract at Red Bull Racing, leaving him contracted there until the end of the season.
During qualifying for the Grand Prix, Webber equalled his best qualifying position with 2nd position on the grid, in front of Kimi Räikkönen and behind pole position-holder Heikki Kovalainen.
As a result of Timo Glock's penalty from the for illegally passing Webber under yellow flags in the final lap(s) of the race, Webber was awarded 8th place and the point that came with it.
Red Bull pulled in both Webber and David Coulthard for their pit stops as soon as they could when the safety car came on track, due to Nelson Piquet Jr. crashing, giving them both great track position.
This led to Webber running in 2nd place before a gearbox issue put him out of the race on lap 29.
After some first corner incidents he was stranded in last place; from there he progressed up the order, at one point in time sitting in fourth.
Following his pit stop he emerged in 10th, with Nick Heidfeld and Nico Rosberg yet to pit, from where he continued to push, regained 8th once the two drivers in 8th and 9th both went in for their final pit stops.
Losing almost 3 seconds a lap to the chasing Ferrari of Felipe Massa, who was on fresh tyres, he defended his point vigorously.
Pressured by the Ferrari, he was out-powered by the superior engine of Massa and although great attempts at saving his place were shown, he finished in a hard-fought 9th position, on a one stop strategy which was then upgraded to 8th position after a post-race penalty to Sébastien Bourdais.
In China, Webber's engine failed on the home straight during the final practice session leaving him with a ten-place grid penalty.
During qualifying on Saturday afternoon, he ended in 6th after Heidfeld was demoted for impeding Webber's teammate Coulthard, and so Webber had to start from 16th after his penalty.
Webber was on the grid in 16th and managed to end the first lap up four places in 12th before taking the 11th position off Glock on the second lap.
By the first pit stop, Webber had overtaken Rubens Barrichello and Piquet Jr. for 9th place, but inevitably dropped back once he had entered the pits.
Webber finished the season in 11th place in the Drivers' Championship with a total of 21 points, his most successful season after at Williams at that point in time.
Webber remained with Red Bull for , where he was joined by Sebastian Vettel after David Coulthard's retirement to join BBC in 2009.
After sustaining a broken leg in a road accident during his charity event in Tasmania in the off-season, he returned to testing on 11 February with steel rods in his leg.
At the opening round in Australia, an error in qualifying left him in 10th on the grid for the start of the race.
On the second lap of the race, Webber crashed with Heikki Kovalainen, Adrian Sutil and Nick Heidfeld following their efforts to avoid a collision with Rubens Barrichello, causing all except Barrichello to pit.
Webber eventually brought his car home in second position, marking Webber's career-best finish and was also the first win (and 1–2 finish) for the Red Bull team.
He followed this up with his equal career best second place in Turkey, equalling this result in the subsequent at Silverstone.
He went on to achieve his first Formula One victory despite receiving a drive through penalty early in the race for causing an avoidable collision at the start when he hit the Brawn GP of Rubens Barrichello.
Webber went on to dominate the race and win ahead of his teammate Vettel, heading a Red Bull 1–2 and closing the gap to the Brawns in the Constructors' Championship.
Webber moved up to third in the Drivers' Championship after his win, at that time his best position in Formula One, passing Barrichello in the championship standings.
On 23 July, Webber signed a new contract committing him to the Red Bull team for the 2010 Formula One season.
On 21 September 2009 the FIA banned Webber's manager, Flavio Briatore, from all FIA related activities and announced that it would not renew the superlicence for any driver managed or otherwise associated with Briatore.
Following his podium at the Hungarian Grand Prix, two ninth placings, two retirements and an unlucky saw Webber drop to fourth in the Championship, collecting no points.
However, he went on to win his second Formula One race in Brazil, starting from second position on the grid, securing fourth place in the 2009 Championship.
He qualified for pole position five times (in Malaysia, Spain, Monaco Turkey and Belgium); won four races (Spain, Monaco, Britain and Hungary); finished second in Malaysia, Belgium, Japan and Brazil and third in Turkey and Singapore.
After the Monaco Grand Prix, Webber led the Drivers' Championship, the first Australian to do so since Alan Jones in 1981.
In June 2010, Red Bull Racing announced that Webber had signed a one-year extension to his contract, meaning that he would remain with the team for the season.
At the , Webber crashed into the back of Heikki Kovalainen's Lotus, sending the car flying through the air, collecting a track advertising board and landing upside down.
Webber could still have won the championship if, in the final race at Abu Dhabi he had won the race and Alonso had finished no higher than third.
Webber drove the last four races of the season with a small fracture in his right shoulder, the result of a mountain bike accident.
Webber started the season with a fifth-place finish at the , having started from third on the grid, after struggling to keep up with teammate Vettel due to a damaged chassis.
In Malaysia, he qualified third but his KERS completely failed at the start and as a result, dropped down over 10 places but staged a strong recovery back to 4th, with fastest lap.
In Turkey, Webber qualified second – his best qualifying result of the season at that point – but lost the position to Nico Rosberg at the start.
After passing Rosberg and reclaiming second, he then spent the rest of the race battling with Fernando Alonso, ultimately finishing second after passing Alonso with 8 laps to go.
Webber qualified third in Monaco but dropped a place at the start and later a pit stop delay dropped Webber outside the top ten, however he recovered to fourth by passing Kamui Kobayashi on the penultimate lap, and set his fourth fastest lap of the season.
The race however did not go as well, as a slow start followed by slow pitstops meant that Webber found himself running fourth behind Alonso, Vettel and Lewis Hamilton.
Although Webber ignored his team's requests and tried to pass Vettel, Vettel was able to hold him off and finish second, with Webber taking third place.
Webber took his only victory of the season at , taking the lead from teammate Vettel after he developed a gearbox issue.
Webber also achieved his seventh fastest lap of the season at the race, with no other drivers scoring more than three in the season.
On 27 August 2011, it was announced that Webber would remain with Red Bull into the 2012 season, alongside teammate Vettel.
Webber qualified fifth for the , ahead of teammate Vettel – sixth – and achieved his best result at his home race with fourth place.
He inherited pole position for the 2012 Monaco Grand Prix; having set the second fastest time in Q3, he was elevated to first position owing to Michael Schumacher's five place grid penalty for an incident at the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix.
This was the third win in a row for a Red Bull Racing driver at Monaco, and the first time that six different drivers won the first six races of a World Championship season.
Webber later qualified on pole for the , ahead of teammate Vettel, but apart from this he struggled in the second half of the season with his only podiums after his win in Britain coming in Korea and India where Red Bull were unbeatable.
At the opening leg in Australia, he qualified on the front row but only managed a sixth-place finish in the race.
Tensions between himself and teammate Vettel rose after the German overtook Webber in the closing stages of the Malaysian Grand Prix to take the win despite the team's order to hold positions.
In June 2013, Webber announced that he would be leaving Red Bull at the end of the season, having signed for Porsche to drive their new LMP1 car in 2014 in the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC) including the Le Mans 24 hour race.
Webber scored his first pole of the season in Japan, outqualifying his teammate for the first time in the year, and finished second in the race.
Webber scored his thirteenth pole position to equal Jack Brabham's qualifying record for Australian F1 drivers at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
Webber started from fourth place in his final Formula One Grand Prix at the Interlagos circuit for the Brazilian Grand Prix held on 24 November.
After a race-long duel with the Ferrari of close friend Fernando Alonso, Webber finished his final race in second place behind teammate Sebastian Vettel, setting the fastest lap of the race.
By finishing second, Webber jumped from fifth to third in the final championship standings, overtaking both Lewis Hamilton and Kimi Räikkönen, who did not compete in the final two races of the season.
Despite their frosty relationship and winning his thirteenth race of the year (and ninth in succession), Vettel was happy to hand the spotlight on the podium in Brazil to his retiring teammate, congratulating him on his career.
Webber finished his Formula One career with nine wins, forty-two podiums, thirteen pole positions and nineteen fastest laps from 215 race starts.
In 2013 Webber announced his return to sportscar racing, racing for Porsche as one of their drivers for the 2014 FIA World Endurance Championship as the marque returned to the top category of sportscar racing after a 16-year absence.
Driving the Porsche 919 Hybrid Webber finished his first World Endurance Championship race in third at the 2014 6 Hours of Silverstone two laps behind the winning Toyota.
At Le Mans, although still running at the finish, the team were thirty three laps down and were therefore listed as Not Classified.
At the 6 Hours of São Paulo, Webber's Porsche took pole position, but was involved in a heavy crash towards the end of the race whilst passing the Ferrari of the 8 Star Motorsports team.
On 13 October 2016, Webber announced that he would retire from driving at the end of the 2016 season in order to take up a representative role with Porsche.
He has won the annual F1 Pro-Am tennis tournament in Barcelona three times (2002, 2004 and 2005) and was also runner-up to Juan Pablo Montoya in 2003.
Webber is an avid rugby league football fan, supporting the Canberra Raiders, as well as being a football fan, supporting English Championship club Sunderland.
Webber is also a keen fan of motorcycle racing, and has made several trips to the Isle of Man TT Races.
On Saturday 2 June 2012, he was a guest at the Superbike TT, and was on hand to congratulate his close friend John McGuinness as he secured victory, and his 18th Isle of Man TT triumph.
The book covers his journey from Queanbeyan to the pinnacle of Formula 1 and during his book tour he candidly discusses his relationship with former Red Bull teammate Sebastian Vettel and how the media portrayed things differently to how they actually were.
In 2017 Webber was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to motor sport as a competitor and ambassador, and to the community through fundraising and patronage of a range of medical and youth support organisations.
In November 2003, Webber organised and competed in a 10-day trek across Tasmania to raise funds for children's cancer research charities.
Starting in Marrawah on the state's west coast, the trek involved 1,000 km of cycling, kayaking and trekking along the southern coast and finished at Coles Bay in the east.
Along the way, Australian sporting stars Pat Rafter (tennis), Steve Waugh (cricket), Cathy Freeman (athletics), James Tomkins (rowing), Guy Andrews (iron man), and actor Joel Edgerton completed certain parts of the trek.
Webber said he was driven to organise the event after the death of his grandfather to cancer, as well as his experiences with friends whose children had battled the disease.
With Webber's switch from Jaguar to Williams at the end of 2004, the challenge was postponed until 2006, when he was able to secure a three-year deal with the Tasmanian Government to hold the event.
The 2007 Mark Webber Pure Tasmania Challenge was launched at the 2007 Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne when Webber was joined by sports stars and Kylie Minogue, and Hollywood star Anthony Edwards.
The trek was another gruelling physical and mental adventure race about Tasmania in aid of charity but albeit with a new format.
Teams competed for honours in two unique categories: the Van Diemen Cup – designed exclusively for corporate teams of four people, and the 2theXtreme Cup – a two-person elite team entry.
Both categories trekked, kayaked and cycled alongside each other as they covered approximately 450 km through World Heritage wilderness and along the idyllic coast of the Freycinet National Park.
It was held from 17–23 November, and for the first time, one of Webber's fellow Formula One drivers, Heikki Kovalainen, joined him in the challenge.
The following year, it was won by Jarad Kohlar and James Pretto and in its final year it was won Richard Ussher and teammate Braden Currie.
Returning to the United States in May, she alternated 6th Fleet deployments with operations in the western Atlantic until the summer of 1952 when she added a midshipman's cruise to Europe and the Caribbean to her schedule.
Homeported at Long Beach, she conducted nine Naval Reserve cruises and completed three WestPac cruises, May to December 1956, September 1957 to March 1958, and September to October 1958, before decommissioning 31 October 1958.
She was berthed at Mare Island until sold to the Levin Metals Corporation of San Jose, California on 22 February 1972.
By the end of April, she was at Philadelphia, ready to commence nine extended naval reserve training cruises which took her north to Casco Bay and south to the Caribbean.
In addition to calling at several ports, the cruiser waited out the events of the Palestinian crisis, at Suda Bay on the northern coast of Crete.
She then operated in the Caribbean and along the North Atlantic coast until she stood out from Narragansett Bay on 5 January 1950 and steamed for the west coast, and a new homeport, Long Beach, California.
After calling at Pearl Harbor, she embarked Adm. Arthur W. Radford, Commander-in Chief, Pacific Fleet, for a tour of the U.S. Trust Territories.
She was at Sangley Point, Philippine Islands, when president Truman ordered the 7th Fleet into action, and was operating with Carrier Task Force 77 on the morning of 3 July 1950 when the first U.N. air raids against North Korean forces were launched.
There were no American casualties in the skirmish and they painted a Purple Heart on the crane as a reminder of how close the ship came to being heavily damaged.
In addition to destroying six mines by her own gunfire, the cruiser controlled naval air operations in the Wonsan area during the 10 days preceding the arrival of landing forces.
During 198 days of operations against the Communist forces in Korea, she steamed over 25,000 miles and expended 3,265 eight-inch and 2,339 five-inch projectiles.
Ten days later she steamed for her scheduled yard overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, San Francisco, which took her through May.
She departed Long Beach 27 August 1951 for training in the Hawaiian area, after which she steamed for Yokosuka, Japan, arriving there 21 November.
She then ranged the entire northeastern Korean coastline, bombarding ground targets, while her helicopters flew rescue missions for Task Force 77 aviators.
In early April 1952, she spent a week as flagship of the Blockading and Escorting Forces on Korea's west coast, and in late April, she steamed for her homeport.
In November, the cruiser departed for another WestPac tour, arriving back on station as a unit of Task Group 77.1 (Support Group) in the waters off eastern Korea 7 December.
The normal exercises and port calls of a WestPac deployment ended with her departure from Yokosuka 29 May for the west coast.
Returning to Long Beach the 18th, she resumed local operations and exercises until her departure on 3 September for her seventh WestPac deployment.
She departed Long Beach 12 April, reported to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, and she was placed out of commission, in reserve, 15 August 1961.
She remained at Bremerton until struck from the Navy list on 1 October 1973 and sold to Zidell Explorations, Portland, Oregon on 31 July 1974 and scrapped.
a New Car Assessment Program) based in Leuven (Belgium) and founded in 1996 by the Transport Research Laboratory for the UK Department for Transport and backed by several European governments, as well as by the European Union.
Euro NCAP is a voluntary vehicle safety rating system created by the Swedish Road Administration, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile and International Consumer Research & Testing, and backed by the European Commission, seven European governments, and motoring and consumer organisations in every EU country.
Other areas with similar (but not identical) programmes include Australia and New Zealand with ANCAP, Latin America with Latin NCAP and China with C-NCAP.
They publish safety reports on new cars, and awards 'star ratings' based on the performance of the vehicles in a variety of crash tests, including front, side and pole impacts, and impacts with pedestrians.
This new rating system also focused more of the overall score on pedestrian protection; Euro NCAP were concerned that car manufacturers were too fixed on occupant safety rather than the safety of those outside the vehicle.
One notable example of this is the Rover 100 (an update of a 1980 design, first marketed as an Austin ), which after receiving a one-star Adult Occupant Rating in the tests in 1997, suffered from poor sales and was withdrawn from production soon afterwards: it was the 'What Car' car of the year, for 1980.
In Europe, new cars are certified as legal for sale under the Whole Vehicle Type Approval regimen that differs from Euro NCAP.
Progress with vehicle safety legislation can be slow, particularly as all EU Member States’ views have to be taken into account.
Euro NCAP Advanced is a reward system launched in 2010 for advanced safety technologies, complementing Euro NCAP’s existing star rating scheme.
Euro NCAP rewards and recognizes car manufacturers that make available new safety technologies which demonstrate a scientifically proven safety benefit for consumers and society.
By rewarding technologies, Euro NCAP provides an incentive to manufacturers to accelerate the standard fitment of important safety equipment across their model ranges.
The title is an ironic reference to the central character of the novel, Prince (Knyaz) Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin, a young man whose goodness, open-hearted simplicity and guilelessness lead many of the more worldly characters he encounters to mistakenly assume that he lacks intelligence and insight.
The novel examines the consequences of placing such a unique individual at the centre of the conflicts, desires, passions and egoism of worldly society, both for the man himself and for those with whom he becomes involved.
It includes descriptions of some of his most intense personal ordeals, such as epilepsy and mock execution, and explores moral, spiritual and philosophical themes consequent upon them.
His primary motivation in writing the novel was to subject his own highest ideal, that of true Christian love, to the crucible of contemporary Russian society.
The artistic method of conscientiously testing his central idea meant that the author could not always predict where the plot was going as he was writing.
Dostoevsky himself was of the opinion that the experiment was not entirely successful, but the novel remained his favourite among his works.
They were evicted from their lodgings five times for non-payment of rent, and by the time the novel was finished in January 1869 they had moved between four different cities in Switzerland and Italy.
During this time Dostoevsky periodically fell into the grip of his gambling addiction and lost what little money they had on the roulette tables.
He was subject to regular and severe epileptic seizures, including one while Anna was going into labor with their daughter Sofia, delaying their ability to go for a midwife.
In one early draft, the character who was to become Prince Myshkin is an evil man who commits a series of terrible crimes, including the rape of his adopted sister (Nastasya Filippovna), and who only arrives at goodness by way of his conversion through Christ.
Rather than bring a man to goodness, he wanted to start with a man who was already a truly Christian soul, someone who is essentially innocent and deeply compassionate, and test him against the psychological, social and political complexities of the modern Russian world.
It was not only a matter of how the good man responded to that world, but of how it responded to him.
The difficulty with this approach was that he himself did not know in advance how the characters were going to respond, and thus he was unable to pre-plan the plot or structure of the novel.
Prince Myshkin, a young man in his mid-twenties and a descendant of one of the oldest Russian lines of nobility, is on a train to Saint Petersburg on a cold November morning.
He is returning to Russia having spent the past four years in a Swiss clinic for treatment of a severe epileptic condition.
On the journey, Myshkin meets a young man of the merchant class, Parfyon Semyonovich Rogozhin, and is struck by his passionate intensity, particularly in relation to a woman—the dazzling society beauty Nastasya Filippovna Barashkova—with whom he is obsessed.
Rogozhin has just inherited a very large fortune from his dead father, and he intends to use it to pursue the object of his desire.
The purpose of Myshkin's trip is to make the acquaintance of his distant relative Lizaveta Prokofyevna, and to make inquiries about a matter of business.
Totsky had been the orphaned Nastasya Filippovna's childhood guardian, but he had taken advantage of his position to groom her for his own sexual gratification.
Totsky, thinking the marriage might settle her and free him to pursue his desire for marriage with General Epanchin's eldest daughter, has promised 75,000 rubles.
Nastasya Filippovna, suspicious of Ganya and aware that his family does not approve of her, has reserved her decision, but has promised to announce it that evening at her birthday soirée.
He readily engages with them and speaks with remarkable candor on a wide variety of subjects—his illness, his impressions of Switzerland, art, philosophy, love, death, the brevity of life, capital punishment, and donkeys.
In response to their request that he speak of the time he was in love, he tells a long anecdote from his time in Switzerland about a downtrodden woman—Marie—whom he befriended, along with a group of children, when she was unjustly ostracized and morally condemned.
The Prince ends by describing what he divines about each of their characters from studying their faces and surprises them by saying that Aglaya is almost as beautiful as Nastasya Filippovna.
There is much angst within Ganya's family about the proposed marriage, which is regarded, particularly by his mother and sister (Varya), as shameful.
Just as a quarrel on the subject is reaching a peak of tension, Nastasya Filippovna herself arrives to pay a visit to her potential new family.
Shocked and embarrassed, Ganya succeeds in introducing her, but when she bursts into a prolonged fit of laughter at the look on his face, his expression transforms into one of murderous hatred.
The tension is not eased by the entrance of Ganya's father, General Ivolgin, a drunkard with a tendency to tell elaborate lies.
Ganya's humiliation is compounded by the arrival of Rogozhin, accompanied by a rowdy crowd of drunks and rogues, Lebedyev among them.
Everyone is deeply shocked, including Nastasya Filippovna, and she struggles to maintain her mocking aloofness as the others seek to comfort the Prince.
Among the guests at the party are Totsky, General Epanchin, Ganya, his friend Ptitsyn (Varya's fiancé), and Ferdyshchenko, who, with Nastasya Filippovna's approval, plays the role of cynical buffoon.
To enliven the party, Ferdyshchenko suggests a game where everyone must recount the story of the worst thing they have ever done.
Myshkin advises her not to, and Nastasya Filippovna, to the dismay of Totsky, General Epanchin and Ganya, firmly announces that she is following this advice.
Nastasya Filipovna is preparing to leave with him, exploiting the scandalous scene to humiliate Totsky, when Myshkin himself offers to marry her.
He speaks gently and sincerely, and in response to incredulous queries about what they will live on, produces a document indicating that he will soon be receiving a large inheritance.
Though surprised and deeply touched, Nastasya Filipovna, after throwing the 100,000 rubles in the fire and telling Ganya they are his if he wants to get them out, chooses to leave with Rogozhin.
Myshkin is tormented by her suffering, and Rogozhin is tormented by her love for Myshkin and her disdain for his own claims on her.
He suspects that Rogozhin is watching him and returns to his hotel where Rogozhin—who has been hiding in the stairway—attacks him with a knife.
They are joined by their friend Yevgeny Pavlovich Radomsky, a handsome and wealthy military officer with a particular interest in Aglaya.
The Epanchins' visit is rudely interrupted by the arrival of Burdovsky, a young man who claims to be the illegitimate son of Myshkin's late benefactor, Pavlishchev.
These include the consumptive seventeen-year-old Ippolit Terentyev, the nihilist Doktorenko, and Keller, an ex-officer who, with the help of Lebedyev, has written an article vilifying the Prince and Pavlishchev.
But he suddenly becomes calm, informs them all that he is near death, and politely requests that he be permitted to talk to them for a while.
He awkwardly attempts to express his need for their love, eventually bringing both himself and Lizaveta Prokofyevna to the point of tears.
But as the Prince and Lizaveta Prokofyevna discuss what to do with the invalid, another transformation occurs and Ippolit, after unleashing a torrent of abuse at the Prince, leaves with the other young men.
At that moment, a magnificent carriage pulls up at the dacha, and the ringing voice of Nastasya Filippovna calls out to Yevgeny Pavlovich.
He is beginning to fall in love with Aglaya, and she likewise appears to be fascinated by him, though she often mocks or angrily reproaches him for his naiveté and excessive humility.
While listening to the high-spirited conversation and watching Aglaya in a kind of daze, he notices Rogozhin and Nastasya Filippovna in the crowd.
Nastasya Filippovna again addresses herself to Yevgeny Pavlovich, and in the same jolly tone as before loudly informs him that his uncle—a wealthy and respected old man from whom he is expecting a large inheritance—has shot himself and that a huge sum of government money is missing.
Nastasya Filippovna hears an officer friend of Yevgeny Pavlovich suggest that a whip is needed for women like her, and she responds by grabbing a riding-whip from a bystander and striking the officer across the face with it.
The General is greatly agitated by the effect Nastasya Filippovna's behavior is having on his family, particularly since her information about Yevgeny Pavlovich's uncle has turned out to be completely correct.
His reflections are interrupted by Keller who has come to offer to be his second at the duel that will inevitably follow from the incident that morning, but Myshkin merely laughs heartily and invites Keller to visit him to drink champagne.
Myshkin is perturbed by the information, but he remains in an inexplicably happy frame of mind and speaks with forgiveness and brotherly affection to Rogozhin.
Present are Lebedyev, his daughter Vera, Ippolit, Burdovsky, Kolya, General Ivolgin, Ganya, Ptitsyn, Ferdyshchenko, Keller, and, to Myshkin's surprise, Yevgeny Pavlovich, who has come to ask for his friendship and advice.
Stimulated by Lebedyev's eloquence, everyone engages for some time in intelligent and inebriated disputation on lofty subjects, but the good-humoured atmosphere begins to dissipate when Ippolit suddenly produces a large envelope and announces that it contains an essay he has written which he now intends to read to them.
The essay is a painfully detailed description of the events and thoughts leading him to what he calls his 'final conviction': that suicide is the only possible way to affirm his will in the face of nature's invincible laws, and that consequently he will be shooting himself at sunrise.
Most of his audience, however, are bored and resentful, apparently not at all concerned that he is about to shoot himself.
He distracts them by pretending to abandon the plan, then suddenly pulls out a small pistol, puts it to his temple and pulls the trigger.
The Prince wanders for some time in the park before falling asleep at the green seat appointed by Aglaya as their meeting place.
They talk for a long time about the letters Aglaya has received, in which Nastasya Filippovna writes that she herself is in love with Aglaya and passionately beseeches her to marry Myshkin.
Aglaya interprets this as evidence that Nastasya Filippovna is in love with him herself, and demands that Myshkin explain his feelings toward her.
Myshkin replies that Nastasya Filippovna is insane, that he only feels profound compassion and is not in love with her, but admits that he has come to Pavlovsk for her sake.
Myshkin reads the letters with dread, and later that day Nastasya Filippovna herself appears to him, asking desperately if he is happy, and telling him she is going away and will not write any more letters.
It is clear to Lizaveta Prokofyevna and General Epanchin that their daughter is in love with the Prince, but Aglaya denies this and angrily dismisses talk of marriage.
She continues to mock and reproach him, often in front of others, and lets slip that, as far as she is concerned, the problem of Nastasya Filippovna is yet to be resolved.
Myshkin himself merely experiences an uncomplicated joy in her presence and is mortified when she appears to be angry with him.
Lizaveta Prokofyevna feels it is time to introduce the Prince to their aristocratic circle and a dinner party is arranged for this purpose, to be attended by a number of eminent persons.
Aglaya, who does not share her parents' respect for these people and is afraid that Myshkin's eccentricity will not meet with their approval, tries to tell him how to behave, but ends by sarcastically telling him to be as eccentric as he likes, and to be sure to wave his arms about when he is pontificating on some high-minded subject and break her mother's priceless Chinese vase.
Feeling her anxiety, Myshkin too becomes extremely anxious, but he tells her that it is nothing compared to the joy he feels in her company.
Inexperienced in the ways of the aristocracy, Myshkin is deeply impressed by the elegance and good humour of the company, unsuspicious of its superficiality.
It turns out that one of those present—Ivan Petrovich—is a relative of his beloved benefactor Pavlishchev, and the Prince becomes extraordinarily enthusiastic.
But when Ivan Petrovich mentions that Pavlishchev ended by giving up everything and going over to the Roman Church, Myshkin is horrified.
He launches unexpectedly into a tirade against Catholicism, claiming that it preaches the Antichrist and in its quest for political supremacy has given birth to Atheism.
At the height of his fervor he begins waving his arms about and knocks over the priceless Chinese vase, smashing it to pieces.
But it is only temporary, and he soon begins another spontaneous discourse, this time on the subject of the aristocracy in Russia, once again becoming oblivious to all attempts to quell his ardour.
The speech is only brought to an end by the onset of an epileptic seizure: Aglaya, deeply distressed, catches him in her arms as he falls.
The next day Ippolit visits the Prince to inform him that he and others (such as Lebedyev and Ganya) have been intriguing against him, and have been unsettling Aglaya with talk of Nastasya Filippovna.
It soon becomes apparent that Aglaya has not come there to discuss anything, but to chastise and humiliate Nastasya Filippovna, and a bitter exchange of accusations and insults ensues.
He tries to explain to Yevgeny Pavlovich that Nastasya Filippovna is a broken soul, that he must stay with her or she will probably die, and that Aglaya will understand if he is only allowed to talk to her.
On the day of the wedding, a beautifully attired Nastasya Filippovna is met by Keller and Burdovsky, who are to escort her to the church where Myshkin is waiting.
Seeing him, Nastasya Filippovna rushes to him and tells him hysterically to take her away, which Rogozhin loses no time in doing.
The following morning he takes the first train to Petersburg and goes to Rogozhin's house, but he is told by servants that there is no one there.
After several hours of fruitless searching, he returns to the hotel he was staying at when he last encountered Rogozhin in Petersburg.
They enter the house in secret and Rogozhin leads him to the dead body of Nastasya Filippovna: he has stabbed her through the heart.
The Epanchins go abroad and Aglaya elopes with a wealthy, exiled Polish count who later is discovered to be neither wealthy, nor a count, nor an exile—at least, not a political exile—and who, along with a Catholic priest, has turned her against her family.
Prince Myshkin, the novel's central character, is a young man who has returned to Russia after a long period abroad where he was receiving treatment for epilepsy.
The lingering effects of the illness, combined with his innocence and lack of social experience, sometimes create the superficial and completely false impression of mental or psychological deficiency.
Most of the other characters at one time or another refer to him disparagingly as an 'idiot', but nearly all of them are deeply affected by him.
He is someone who has thought deeply about human nature, morality and spirituality, and is capable of expressing those thoughts with great clarity.
Nastasya Filippovna, the main female protagonist, is darkly beautiful, intelligent, fierce and mocking, an intimidating figure to most of the other characters.
Of noble birth but orphaned at age 7, she was manipulated into a position of sexual servitude by her guardian, the voluptuary Totsky.
The Prince is deeply moved by her beauty and her suffering, and despite feeling that she is insane, remains devoted to her.
Rogózhin (Parfyón Semyónovich), who has just inherited a huge fortune from his merchant father, is madly in love with Nastasya Filippovna, and recklessly abandons himself to pursuing her.
He instinctively likes and trusts the Prince when they first meet, but later develops a hatred for him out of jealousy.
Agláya Ivánovna is the radiantly beautiful youngest daughter of Lizaveta Prokofyevna, Myshkin's distant relative, and her husband, the wealthy and respected General Epanchin.
She is proud, commanding and impatient, but also full of arch humour, laughter and innocence, and the Prince is particularly drawn to her after the darkness of his time with Nastasya Filippovna and Rogozhin.
Still full of youthful idealism, he craves love and recognition from others, but their indifference and his own morbid self-obsession lead him to increasing extremes of cynicism and defiance.
The character is a 'quasi-double' for Myshkin: their circumstances force them to address the same metaphysical questions, but their responses are diametrically opposed.
A dialogue between the intimately related themes of Atheism and Christian faith (meaning, for Dostoevsky, Russian Orthodoxy) pervades the entire novel.
With the character's immersion in the increasingly materialistic and atheistic world of late 19th century Russia, the idea is constantly being elaborated, tested in every scene and against every other character.
However, Myshkin's Christianity is not a doctrine or a set of beliefs, it is something that he lives spontaneously in his relations with all others.
The young nihilist Ippolit Terentyev is the character that provides the most coherent articulation of the atheist challenge to Myshkin's worldview, most notably in the long essay 'An Essential Explanation' which he reads to the gathering at the Prince's birthday celebration in part 3 of the novel.
The character of Ippolit argues that the painting, which depicts with unflinching realism the tortured, already putrefying corpse of Christ within the tomb, represents the triumph of blind nature over the vision of immortality in God that Christ's existence on Earth signified.
He is unable to share Myshkin's intuition of the harmonious unity of all Being, an intuition evoked most intensely earlier in the novel in a description of the pre-epileptic aura.
I remember someone taking me by the arm, a candle in his hands, and showing me some sort of enormous and repulsive tarantula, assuring me that this was that same dark, blind and all-powerful creature, and laughing at my indignation.
The Catholic Church, he claims, is merely a continuation of the Western Roman Empire: cynically exploiting the person and teaching of Christ it has installed itself on the earthly throne and taken up the sword to entrench and expand its power.
Atheism and socialism are a reaction, born of profound disillusionment, to the Church's defilement of its own moral and spiritual authority.
The theme of the maleficent influence of Catholicism on the Russian soul is expressed, in a less obvious and polemical way, through the character of Aglaya Epanchin.
Passionate and idealistic, like 'the Russian' alluded to in the anti-Catholic diatribe, Aglaya struggles with the ennui of middle class mediocrity and hates the moral vacuity of the aristocracy to whom her parents kowtow.
Her 'yearning for the exalted' has attracted her to militant Catholicism, and in the Prince's devotion to Nastasya Filippovna she sees the heroism of a Crusader-Knight abandoning everything to go in to battle for his Christian ideal.
When the Epanchins go abroad after the final catastrophe, Aglaya, under the influence of a Catholic priest, abandons her family and elopes with a Polish 'Count'.
In his notes Dostoevsky distinguishes the Prince from other characters of the virtuous type in fiction (such as Don Quixote and Pickwick) by emphasizing innocence rather than comicality.
In one sense Myshkin's innocence is an instrument of satire since it brings in to sharp relief the corruption and egocentricity of those around him.
But his innocence is serious rather than comical, and he has a deeper insight into the psychology of human beings in general by assuming its presence in everyone else, even as they laugh at him, or try to deceive and exploit him.
He explains it himself in an episode with the roguish but 'honourable' Keller, who has confessed that he has sought the Prince out for motives that are simultaneously noble (he wants spiritual guidance) and mercenary (he wants to borrow a large sum of money from him).
The Prince guesses that he has come to borrow money before he has even mentioned it, and unassumingly engages him in a conversation about the psychological oddity of 'double thoughts':Two thoughts coincided, that very often happens...
Isolated and sexually exploited by Totsky from the age of sixteen, Nastasya Filippovna has inwardly embraced her social stigmatization as a corrupted 'fallen woman', but this conviction is intimately bound to its opposite—the victimized child's sense of a broken innocence that longs for vindication.
When the Prince speaks to her, he only addresses this inner being, and in him she sees and hears the long dreamt-of affirmation of her innocence.
But the self-destructive voice of her guilt, so intimately bound to the longing for innocence, does not disappear as a result, and constantly reasserts itself.
Its principal outward form is the repeated choice to submit herself to Rogozhin's obsession with her, knowing that its end result will almost certainly be her own death.
The theme of the intrapsychic struggle between innocence and guilt is one that manifests, in idiosyncratic forms, in many of the characters in the novel.
The character of General Ivolgin, for example, constantly tells outrageous lies, but to those who understand him (such as Myshkin, Lebedyev and Kolya) he is the noblest and most honest of men.
Lebedyev is constantly plotting and swindling, but he is also deeply religious, and is periodically overcome by paroxysms of guilt-ridden self-loathing.
The fact that Rogozhin reaches the point of attacking him with a knife is something for which he feels himself to be equally guilty because his own half-conscious suspicions were the same as Rogozhin's half-conscious impulse.
When Burdovsky, who has unceremoniously demanded money from him on the basis of a falsehood, gets increasingly insulted by his attempts to offer assistance, Myshkin reproaches himself for his own clumsiness and lack of tact.
Shortly after the period of interrogation and trial, he and his fellow prisoners were taken, without warning, to Semyonovsky Square where the sentence of death was read out over them.
Just as the first shots were about to be fired, a message arrived from the Tsar commuting the sentences to hard labor in Siberia.
A man of 27, who had committed a political offence, was taken to the scaffold with his comrades, where a death sentence by firing squad was read out to them.
Twenty minutes later, with all the preparations for the execution having been completed, they were unexpectedly reprieved, but for those twenty minutes the man lived with the complete certainty that he was soon to face sudden death.
The subject of capital punishment first comes up earlier in Part 1, when the Prince is waiting with a servant for General Epanchin to appear.
Engaging the servant in conversation, the Prince tells the harrowing story of an execution by guillotine that he recently witnessed in France.
Later, when he is conversing with the Epanchin sisters, the Prince suggests to Adelaida, who has asked him for a subject to paint, that she paint the face of a condemned man a minute before the guillotine falls.
He carefully explains his reasons for the suggestion, enters in to the emotions and thoughts of the condemned man, and describes in meticulous detail what the painting should depict.
In the midst of a heated exchange with his nihilist nephew he expresses deep compassion for the soul of the Countess du Barry, who died in terror on the guillotine after pleading for her life with the executioner.
For much of his adult life Dostoevsky suffered from an unusual and at times extremely debilitating form of temporal lobe epilepsy.
A similar illness plays an important part in the characterization of Prince Myshkin, partly because the severity of the condition and its after-effects (disorientation, amnesia, aphasia, among others) contributes significantly to the myth of the character's 'idiocy'.
Although Myshkin himself is completely aware that he is not an 'idiot' in any pejorative sense, he sometimes concedes the aptness of the word in relation to his mental state during particularly severe attacks.
The mind, the heart were flooded with an extraordinary light; all his unrest, all his doubts, all his anxieties were resolved into a kind of higher calm, full of a serene, harmonious joy and hope.
At the end of the novel, after Rogozhin has murdered Nastasya Filippovna, the Prince appears to descend completely into this darkness.
Death, the consciousness of its inevitability and the effect that this consciousness has on the living soul, is a recurring theme in the novel.
The anecdote of the man reprieved from execution is an illustration, drawn from the author's own experience, of the extraordinary value of life as revealed in the moment of imminent death.
The most terrible realization for the condemned man, according to Myshkin, is that of a wasted life, and he is consumed by the desperate desire for another chance.
After his reprieve, the man vows to live every moment of life conscious of its infinite value (although he confesses to failing to fulfil the vow).
Through his own emergence from a prolonged period on the brink of derangement, unconsciousness and death, the Prince himself has awoken to the joyous wonder of life, and all his words, moral choices and relations with others are guided by this fundamental insight.
Like Myshkin, Ippolit is haunted by death and has a similar reverence for the beauty and mystery of life, but his self-absorbed atheist-nihilist worldview pushes him toward opposite conclusions.
While the Prince's worldview reflects the birth of his faith in a higher world-harmony, Ippolit's concern with death develops into a metaphysical resentment of nature's omnipotence, her utter indifference to human suffering in general and to his own suffering in particular.
Thus he conceives the idea of suicide as a final assertion of his will in an act of defiance against nature.
The method of testing the central idea in a series of extreme situations, allowing each character to freely respond, meant that there could be no pre-determined development of either plot or character: the author himself was just as surprised as the characters at what happened or didn't happen.
In the usual novel, the apparently free acts of the characters are an illusion as they only serve to bring about a future that has been contrived by the author.
But in real life, even with a belief in determinism or preordination, the subject always assumes its freedom and acts as though the future is unwritten.
Dostoevsky's extemporaneous approach helped facilitate the representation of the actual position of human subjectivity, as an open field of possibility where the will is free at all times, despite the apparent necessity of cause and effect.
'Carnivalization' is a term used by Bakhtin to describe the techniques Dostoevsky uses to disarm this increasingly ubiquitous enemy and make true intersubjective dialogue possible.
Analogous to musical polyphony, literary polyphony is the simultaneous presence of multiple independent voices, each with its own truth and validity, but always coincident with other voices, affecting them and being affected by them.
In the polyphonic novel each character's voice speaks for itself: the narrator and even the author are present in the narrative merely as one voice among others.
The narrator is thus not omniscient, but a particular kind of insightful but limited spectator, and in the end he openly admits to the reader that the Prince's behaviour is inexplicable to him.
For Bakhtin the narrator's voice is another participant, albeit of a special kind, in the great dialogue that constitutes the Dostoevsky novel.
All voices, all ideas, once they enter the world of the novel, take on an imaginary form that positions them in dialogical relationship with the other voices and ideas.
This was partly because a majority of the reviewers considered themselves to be opposed to Dostoevsky's 'conservatism', and wished to discredit the book's supposed political intentions.
Prominent modern critics acknowledge the novel's apparent structural deficiencies, but also point out that the author was aware of them himself, and that they were perhaps a natural consequence of the experimental approach toward the central idea.
The twentieth century Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin regarded the structural asymmetry and unpredictability of plot development, as well as the perceived 'fantasticality' of the characters, not as any sort of deficiency, but as entirely consistent with Dostoevsky's unique and groundbreaking literary method.
A literary approach that incorporates carnivalisation and polyphony in Bakhtin's sense precludes any sort of conventionally recognizable structure or predictable pattern of plot development.
The Constance Garnett translation was for many years accepted as the definitive English translation, but more recently it has come under criticism for being dated.
Alvin Morris (December 25, 1913 – July 27, 2012), known professionally as Tony Martin, was an American actor and popular singer.
Gen. William H. Tunner, commanding the Hump Airlift, put him to work as an entertainer, forming a troupe of amateur talent from the command and taking it around the various bases to perform.
This prompted RCA Victor to offer him a record contract, which he signed in 1947 after satisfying his contract obligations to Mercury.
In 1958, he became the highest paid performer in Las Vegas, signing a five-year deal at the Desert Inn, earning $25,000 a week.
; launched on 25 March 1947; sponsored by Miss Mary G. Coffey; and commissioned on 14 May 1949, Captain J. C. Daniel in command.
She then made two cruises to Guantanamo in November and December 1949, and participated in maneuvers with the Atlantic Fleet in early 1950.
She left Boston on 30 April; and, on arrival in the Mediterranean on 12 May, again assumed duties as 6th Fleet flagship.
During this, her sixth deployment, she participated in a NATO exercise and a Franco-American naval exercise, with Under Secretary of the Navy Thomas S. Gates embarked as observer.
While she was at sea, the Suez Crisis broke out; and she was diverted to Rhodes in the Eastern Mediterranean where she joined the fleet on 14 May and assumed her flagship duties.
In April and August 1957, the 6th Fleet, by its presence in the eastern Mediterranean, twice showed United States support for the government of Jordan threatened by subversion.
In 1958, the cruiser arrived in Monaco to celebrate the birth of Albert II, born to Rainier III, Prince of Monaco and Princess Grace Kelly.
She reported to the Norfolk Navy Yard on 7 October for inactivation, disembarked the Commander of the 2d Fleet on 25 October, and was decommissioned on 30 January 1959.
She served as the set of the tanker which broke in two off of Cape Cod on 15 February 1952 making for the most daring and notable United States Coast Guard search and rescues.
After working for newspapers in the 1930s, Greene spent most of his later career with the BBC, rising through the managerial ranks of overseas broadcasting and then news for the main domestic channels.
He encountered opposition from some politicians and activists opposed to his modernising agenda, but under his leadership the BBC was recognised to be outperforming its commercial rival, ITV, and was awarded a second television channel (BBC 2) by the British government and authorised to introduce colour television to Britain.
After retiring from the BBC, Greene published several books, including a collaboration with his brother, the novelist Graham Greene, and made television programmes both for the BBC and its commercial rival.
Greene, was born on 15 November 1910 in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, the youngest of four sons and the fifth of the six children of Charles Henry Greene, headmaster of Berkhamsted School, and his wife (and cousin), Marion Raymond, the daughter of the Rev Carleton Greene, vicar of Great Barford.
Greene was educated at Berkhamsted School and at Merton College, Oxford, where he obtained a second class in classical moderations (1931) and English (1933).
Before his undergraduate years at Merton, Greene had spent some time in Germany and, after graduating, he returned there, beginning his career as a journalist.
He was expelled from Germany in May 1939 in reprisal for the expulsion from London of a journalist and Nazi agent, Rudolf Rösel.
As the war spread in Europe he reported from Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, the Netherlands, Belgium and finally France, returning to Britain in June 1940, narrowly escaping the German army's arrival in Paris.
After a few months in the Royal Air Force as a pilot officer in intelligence, he was released to join the BBC's German service, becoming its news editor.
At the end of the war the British government asked Greene to return to Germany as controller of broadcasting in the British-occupied zone.
He established a peacetime radio service, Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk, served as its first director-general and gave it a charter on the lines of the BBC.
He was appointed head of the BBC's eastern European service in 1949, just before the Russian's began to jam its broadcasts.
In 1950, he was again seconded for government service, this time as head of emergency information services for the Federation of Malaya, helping to combat the efforts of communist insurgents.
Greene was appointed to succeed him; Shaw comments that this temporarily distanced him from any direct involvement with programmes, but clearly identified him as the potential successor to Jacob, who was due to retire in 1959.
It was received with widespread approval by BBC staff, partly because Greene was the first director-general to have risen through the ranks of BBC management, and partly because his transformation of news and current affairs coverage had impressed the programme makers and made them feel valued as they had not felt previously.
As director-general he led a modernisation of the BBC, increasing its audience after the creation of a rival commercial ITV television network (the first contractors were on air from September 1955) which had become much more popular than the BBC.
Soon after Greene's appointment, the government set up a committee of inquiry into broadcasting, chaired by the industrialist Sir Harry Pilkington.
Greene pressed the BBC's case, arguing that the interests outside television of the commercial franchise holders constituted a conflict of loyalties with their public service obligations, and that the quality of programmes from commercial television was greatly inferior to that of the BBC's.
The committee's report was highly favourable to Greene and the BBC, and despite pressure from the commercial television lobby, the government awarded the BBC the proposed third channel and introduction of colour television.
Although under Greene's leadership the BBC caught up with and overtook commercial television in popularity among the British public as a whole, there were dissenting voices.
When the chairman of the BBC, Lord Normanbrook, died in 1967, his successor Lord Hill, was appointed reportedly at Wilson's request.
To make it clear that the decision was his, rather than Hill's, the latter proposed that Greene should become a member of the BBC's board of governors.
After he left the post of director general, Greene made some programmes for the BBC and also – causing some disapproval at the BBC – for ITV.
His lifelong hatred of totalitarianism and dictatorship led him to be active in campaigning against the military junta that ruled Greece after the coup of 1967.
In 1985 he received the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honour from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation for outstanding work related to the promotion of scientific research and of learning, the arts and culture.
Following his birth in Welwyn Garden City, England, UK, Kilbey was brought to Australia by his parents at the age of five years, and grew up around Dapto, before living with his family in Canberra.
Koppes was also in Baby Grande for a time but left to travel, then played in a band called Limazine which brought him in touch with future Church drummer Nick Ward.
Kilbey was also (while working as a computer programmer) a member of the new wave band Tactics for about a month in 1977.
Marty Willson Piper joined the band in May 1980 days after his arrival in Australia when he went to see the band play a gig.
In late 2011 Kilbey revealed that, at the time of the interview, the song was still used for television programmes and advertisements.
In late 2012, as an act of protest against the conduct of the Church's North American label Second Motion Records, Kilbey announced his resignation from the band.
The announcement was made on Kilbey's Facebook fan page following the receipt of an insufficient royalty cheque from the record label.
it seems(tho its hard to tell) that the church might have brought in 30 or 40 grand ( i mean starfish alone brought in 6000 on itunes)…but the members of the group got 100 bucks each.
However, the Church continued as an active band and, in November 2013, Kilbey published an official announcement on his Facebook fan page stating that Willson-Piper was replaced by former Powderfinger member Ian Haug.
this is my f—ing band after all and it has existed at times without Peter and in the beginning without Marty.
Melodies weren’t always my strong point; on a lot of The Church’s early records the melodies weren’t as elaborate as what I’m doing now.
In the last few years, I think I am tapping into something ... It’s like I’m tapping into the collective human subconscious.
Kilbey has released 14 solo music albums, one EP and has collaborated on recordings with musical artists such as Martin Kennedy, Stephen Cummings and Ricky Maymi as a vocalist, musician, writer and/or producer.
The double album version contained two tracks ('Random Pan' and 'Pain in My Temples') not included on the later CD version.
Kilbey then set up his Karmic Hit studio and label and continued to be involved in a wide range of projects.
Kilbey's solo albums have been released on various record labels, such as his own 'The Time Being' label, Karmic Hit, North America's Second Motion Records and Melbourne, Australia's Rubber Records.
In July 2013, Kilbey performed at the Fly By Night venue in the Western Australian port city of Fremantle, with local musicians, Shaun and Adrian Hoffmann (The Hoffmenn), Shaun Corlson, Rachael Aquillina and Anna Sarcich playing as his backing band.
Kilbey's next duo, Jack Frost, was formed in 1990 as a collaboration with the late Grant McLennan of Brisbane, Australia band The Go-Betweens.
In addition to his other creative outlets, Kilbey is an artist who has had at least two exhibits in the United States.
In 2011, the Australian Songwriters Association inducted Kilbey into the Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame and Kilbey performed a live rendition of the song with a backing band at the awards ceremony.
He also has a second set of twins Eve and Aurora as well as another daughter Scarlet by American born partner Natalie.
Following unsuccessful interventions involving family and friends, and a relocation to Sweden where he found heroin easier to obtain, Kilbey eventually used methadone in 2002 to wean himself off opiates.
If you lived in 1890 and you were an opium fiend, that was your problem: to take it, and to find out how to stop taking it.
Kilbey has revealed that he and Richard Ploog often visited Sydney's Adyar Bookshop (bookshop of the Theosophical Society) during the 1980s to read books by occultist and mystical authors such as Helena Blavatsky, George Gurdjieff and P.D.
Kilbey's lyrics often quote historical and mythological events, and his interest in Eastern culture and religion frequently informs his music—this also applies to his painting (he often paints Hindu gods and goddesses).
Initially associated with new wave, neo-psychedelia, and indie rock, their music later came to feature slower tempos and surreal soundscapes reminiscent of dream pop and post-rock.
The founding members were Steve Kilbey on lead vocals and bass guitar, Peter Koppes and Marty Willson-Piper on guitars, and Nick Ward on drums.
Subsequent mainstream success has proved elusive, but the band retains a large international cult following and were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in Sydney in 2010.
Singer, songwriter, and bass guitarist Steve Kilbey first played with guitarist Peter Koppes in a glam rock band called Baby Grande in Canberra, Australia in the mid-1970s.
After each had left to travel and play in other bands including Tactics (Kilbey) and Limazine (Koppes), they met again in Sydney in March 1980 and formed the initial three-piece version of The Church, with Limazine drummer Nick Ward.
A four-song demo was recorded in Kilbey's bedroom studio and sent, through contacts from his and Koppes's old band Baby Grande, to the Australian branch of The Beatles' publishing company, ATV Northern Songs.
Gilbey went to band rehearsals and helped shape their sound – he bought Willson-Piper a 12-string Rickenbacker guitar and equipped Koppes with an Echolette tape delay.
Ploog was incorrectly credited as the sole drummer on the release, despite only playing on one or three tracks, depending on the version.
The Church undertook a second Australian tour, while Carrere released the album in Europe, generating enough sales for them to tour there in October.
After another recording session, five new songs were offered to Capitol but the label was still unimpressed and dropped the band.
Meanwhile, their manager, Michael Chugg, arranged a U.K. tour supporting the hugely successful pop group Duran Duran, but after eight gigs The Church pulled out, feeling that audiences were unsympathetic.
Kilbey was upset by the label's interference, finding the track essential to their live set (it would be included on their next EP).
The band's trademark guitar sound was complemented by the keyboards of guest musicians Davey Ray Moor (from The Crystal Set, which included Kilbey's brother Russell) and Craig Hooper (from The Reels), who joined as an auxiliary member.
Due to the interest raised in the U.S., they left Michael Chugg Management in Sydney and signed with Malibu Management's owner John Lee.
They toured the US in October and November and while venues in New York and Los Angeles saw audiences of about 1,000 people, other gigs had as few as 50.
While Kilbey still wrote the lyrics, the band were now largely writing the music together, a practice which they would continue thereafter.
Unexpectedly, Willson-Piper suddenly quit mid-tour after rising in-band tensions and on 10 July, The Church performed as a three-piece in Hamburg, Germany.
Since the band had greater sales overseas than in Australia, they decided to record in a studio abroad and opted for a four-album deal with U.S. label Arista Records in 1987.
The band started negotiations with former Led Zeppelin bass guitarist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, who had a reputation as a sophisticated producer, but the record company and management vetoed their suggestion.
Already unenthusiastic about the forced pairing, there was the stress of having to create another hit album, and this took its toll.
All members were outspoken about the role that drugs played in The Church’s creative process, but drummer Richard Ploog began to retreat further into his own habit as pressure increased.
The number of attempted studio takes spiralled and Ploog's relationship with Kilbey deteriorated, accentuated by Wachtel's demands for a consistently reliable tempo.
Eventually, Ploog's isolation led to exclusion and his drum tracks were replaced by rigid, but meter-perfect, programmed drums on all but three tracks.
Bringing in British producer Gavin MacKillop (Barenaked Ladies, Toad the Wet Sprocket, Straitjacket Fits) to supervise the sessions, the band began to improvise the framework for the next set of songs.
The use of opium and, for Kilbey, heroin, saw the material take on a more expansive and surreal quality , while Daugherty's jazzier approach on drums was a fresh change.
With song concepts derived from cryptic, one-word working titles (an idea originally proposed by Willson-Piper), the lyrics leaned towards the abstract and esoteric.
The band only went on a limited tour, confined to Australia, as Kilbey prepared for the birth of his twin daughters with Karin Jansson.
Despite a completely sold-out tour, increasing personality conflicts within the band and frustration over their lack of success had made the situation intolerable.
Despite the loss of Koppes, Arista decided to stand by the band's contract and back another Church album, and so Kilbey and Willson-Piper began to write new material.
When it became clear that Daugherty would not be returning to the fold either, the remaining two took the opportunity to approach their music from new perspectives, abandoning their long-established roles and stylistic elements in favour of experimentation, spontaneity, and electronica.
New Zealand drummer Tim Powles (ex-The Venetians) was hired for the sessions, having already played with Kilbey on his Jack Frost project.
Considered temporary at the time, Powles would soon become a permanent member of the band and is still with them over 20 years later.
With another commercially unsuccessful album on their hands, Arista did not renew The Church's contract and pulled financial support for a tour.
Ambitious plans to stage full electric shows were scaled back, leaving Kilbey and Willson-Piper with only a short run of acoustic gigs as a duo.
Renewed contact between Kilbey and Peter Koppes led to the latter agreeing to guest on four songs - a welcome surprise for fans.
In his absence, Kilbey, Powles, and Koppes spent some studio time together and quickly wrote and recorded an album as The Refo:mation, utilizing Powles also as a mix engineer.
While Koppes and Willson-Piper had already had differences for some time, Kilbey and Willson-Piper's relationship was also strained by recent problems.
The results of the new recording sessions saw a return to the band's roots: the material was once again based around Koppes and Willson-Piper's guitar interplay.
Released under a new contract with UK independent label Cooking Vinyl, the album was distributed in the U.S. by Thirsty Ear.
The reformed and rejuvenated band went on their first fully electric tour of the U.S., Australia, and Europe in many years.
With Kilbey now living in Sweden, Willson-Piper in England, and the others in Australia, the bandmates met across several separate sessions.
The successive world tour featured the band in a more subtle setting as well, with most tracks performed primarily acoustically alongside guest David Lane on piano.
Rather than fleshing the songs out over a long, gradual process, the band decided to keep the music as close to the original jam-based material as possible.
Under the guidance of manager Kevin Lane Keller - an American fan and marketing professor who had been working with the band since 2001 - the Church began capitalizing on the advantages offered by the internet and the independent music industry.
A short acoustic tour followed in late 2004, which initiated a new practice amongst the band members: that of swapping instruments on stage.
Recorded at Powles' Spacejunk III Studios by engineer/artist Jorden Brebach, who mixed many of the tracks, a double vinyl version quickly sold out.
In a unique programme, the band chose one song from each of their many albums and performed them in reverse chronological order.
This tour was the first on which the band was augmented onstage by the Australian multi-instrumentalist Craig Wilson, from the band ASTREETLIGHTSONG.
Accompanied by conductor George Ellis and the [[George Ellis Symphony Orchestra], the concert was performed to a sold-out 2,000+ capacity crowd and was recorded and filmed.
In November and December 2012, The Church played a major series of concerts across Australia and New Zealand, together with [[Simple Minds]], [[Devo]], and [[Models (band)|Models]].
In March 2013, there were the outward signs of internal problems in the band when Steve Kilbey issued a series of statements which indicated that he was considering leaving The Church due to a dispute over royalty payments.
Then, later in the year, Kilbey announced on the band's Facebook page that Marty Willson-Piper would not be returning and had been replaced by former [[Powderfinger]] guitarist [[Ian Haug]].
In early October 2014, Kilbey explained that Willson-Piper was not asked to leave the band but that he had simply not replied to the various attempts made to contact him.
As part of the same interview, Haug explained that he had received a phone call from Kilbey while he was returning home from a funeral.
In July, August, and September 2015, the band toured Australia, finishing at Splendour in the Grass festival, and then going to the U.S. again, co-headlining with [[The Psychedelic Furs]] on most of these dates.
Then, in July, they toured the USA again, repeating the success of 2015 by once again sharing larger venues with [[The Psychedelic Furs]].
The band toured North America in September and October before returning home to Australia for a string of dates in November and December.
On February 1, 2020, Steve Kilbey announced on Facebook that Peter Koppes had departed the group, and that touring member Jeffrey Cain had been promoted to full member status, with [[Even (band)|Even]] guitarist Ashley Naylor also being brought into the lineup.
They had no direct say in programme-making, but were nevertheless accountable to Parliament and to licence fee payers for the BBC's actions.
Although a 'state broadcaster', the BBC is theoretically protected from government interference due to the statutory independence of its governing body.
The role of chairman of the Board of Governors, though a non executive, was one of the most important positions in British media.
Marmaduke Hussey was appointed chairman of the Board of Governors apparently with the specific agenda of bringing down the then-Director-General Alasdair Milne; this government also broke the tradition of always having a trade union leader on the Board of Governors.
It has also been suggested that Harold Wilson's appointment of the former Tory minister Lord Hill as chairman of the Board of Governors in 1967 was motivated by a desire to undermine the radical, questioning agenda of Director-General Sir Hugh Greene – ironically Wilson had attacked the appointment of Hill as Chairman of the Independent Television Authority by a Conservative government in 1963.
In January 2004 Gavyn Davies, who had been appointed chairman of the Board of Governors by the Labour government in 2001, resigned in the wake of the Hutton Inquiry.
Lord Ryder, previously a Conservative Member of Parliament and a member of Margaret Thatcher's personal staff, replaced him as Acting Chairman.
The illusion created was that characters such as Dorothy and Princess Ozma related their adventures in Oz to Baum themselves, by means of wireless telegraph.
In addition to the canonical Oz books, several of Baum's works that are not Oz stories are nevertheless nominally set in the same fictional universe as the Oz books, and include several character crossovers.
She often included a small kingdom, with a prince or princess who saves his or her kingdom and regains the throne or saves Oz from invasion.
Below are some books which deal with alternate versions of Oz, that do not follow the canon established by L. Frank Baum.
The constituent companies would amalgamate to create a new railway company, and the subsidiary companies would be absorbed either by one of the constituent companies prior to the amalgamation, or by the new railway company after amalgamation.
Under the terms of the Act, the railway network, long-distance road haulage and various other types of transport were nationalised and handed over to a new British Transport Commission for operation.
The commission was responsible to the Ministry of Transport for general transport policy, which it exercised principally through financial control of a number of executives set up to manage specified sections of the industry under schemes of delegation.
The government also nationalised other means of transport such as: canals, sea and shipping ports, bus companies, and eventually, in the face of much opposition, road haulage.
All of these transport modes, including British Railways, were brought under the control of a new body, the British Transport Commission (BTC).
Section 5 of the Act provided for the setting up of a number of executives within the BTC: the Railway Executive; the Docks and Inland Waterways Executive; the Road Transport Executive; and the London Transport Executive were to be created immediately, with the Hotels Executive to be set up at a later date.
Once the Conservatives were elected in 1951, road haulage was soon privatised and deregulated, but the railways and buses remained regulated, and were left under the control of the British Transport Commission.
After the Second World War, the Big Four railway companies of the grouping era were effectively bankrupt, and the Act was intended to bring about some stability in transport policy.
Shares in the railway companies were exchanged for British Transport Stock, with a guaranteed 3% return chargeable to the BTC, and were repayable after forty years.
However, others point out that three of the Big Four were effectively bankrupt before the onset of war in 1939 and were only saved from the ignominy of actually declaring bankruptcy by the guaranteed income provided by the wartime government and the temporary surge in rail traffic caused by the restrictions on other forms of transport during and immediately after the war.
The exchange of potentially worthless private stock for government gilts based on a valuation during an artificially created boom could thus be considered a very good deal.
Despite nationalisation and the creation of British Railways (BR), the rail system changed little, and was left in much the same way as it had been before nationalisation.
These closely mirrored the regions covered by the former companies in England and Wales, although with the addition of a separate Scottish Region.
The North Eastern Region was eventually amalgamated with the Eastern Region, reflecting the English operations of the 1923–1947 London and North Eastern Railway.
Fifteen years later, under the Transport Act 1962, Harold Macmillan's Conservative government dissolved the British Transport Commission and created the British Railways Board to take over railway duties from 1 January 1963 and the Transport Holding Company to take over bus operations from the same date.
Although organized competitions have long been a part of video game culture, these were largely between amateurs until the late 2000s, when participation by professional gamers and spectatorship in these events through live streaming saw a large surge in popularity.
By the 2010s, esports was a significant factor in the video game industry, with many game developers actively designing and providing funding for tournaments and other events.
The most common video game genres associated with esports are multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), first-person shooter (FPS), fighting, card games, battle royales, and real-time strategy (RTS).
Although the legitimacy of esports as a true sporting competition remains in question, they have been featured alongside traditional sports in some multinational events in Asia, with the International Olympic Committee also having discussed their inclusion into future Olympic events.
By the late 2010s, it was estimated that the total audience of esports would grow to 454 million viewers, with revenue increasing to over 1 billion.
The increasing availability of online streaming media platforms, particularly YouTube and Twitch, have become central to the growth and promotion of esports competitions.
Despite viewership being approximately 85% male and 15% female, with a majority of viewers between the ages of 18 and 34, female gamers have also played professionally.
The popularity and recognition of esports first took place in Asia, specifically in China and South Korea, with the latter having licensed professional players since 2000.
Despite its large video game industry, esports in Japan is relatively underdeveloped, with this being largely attributed to its broad anti-gambling laws which prohibit paid professional gaming tournaments.
Outside of Asia, esports are also popular in Europe and the Americas, with both regional and international events taking place in those regions.
The Space Invaders Championship held by Atari in 1980 was the earliest large scale video game competition, attracting more than 10,000 participants across the United States, establishing competitive gaming as a mainstream hobby.
The organization went on to help promote video games and publicize its records through publications such as the Guinness Book of World Records, and in 1983 it created the U.S. National Video Game Team.
The team was involved in competitions, such as running the Video Game Masters Tournament for Guinness World Records and sponsoring the North American Video Game Challenge tournament.
Large esports tournaments in the 1990s include the 1990 Nintendo World Championships, which toured across the United States, and held its finals at Universal Studios Hollywood in California.
The growth of esports in South Korea is thought to have been influenced by the mass building of broadband internet networks following the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
It is also thought that the high unemployment rate at the time caused many people to look for things to do while out of work.
Instrumental to this growth of esports in South Korea was the prevalence of the Komany-style internet café/LAN gaming center, known as a PC bang.
The Korean e-Sports Association, an arm of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, was founded in 2000 to promote and regulate esports in the country.
Although large tournaments were founded before the 21st century, the number and scope of tournaments has increased significantly, going from about 10 tournaments in 2000 to about 260 in 2010.
Many successful tournaments were founded during this period, including the World Cyber Games, the Intel Extreme Masters, and Major League Gaming.
For example, the September 2006 FUN Technologies Worldwide Webgames Championship featured 71 contestants competing in casual games for a $1 million grand prize.
The goal of the organization was to increase stability in the esports world, particularly in standardizing player transfers and working with leagues and organizations.
The online esports only channel ESL TV briefly attempted a paid television model renamed GIGA II from June 2006 to autumn 2007.
The G4 television channel originally covered video games exclusively, but broadened its scope to cover technology and men's lifestyle, though has now shutdown.
The popularity and emergence of online streaming services have helped the growth of esports in this period, and are the most common method of watching tournaments.
During one day of The International, Twitch recorded 4.5 million unique views, with each viewer watching for an average of two hours.
Spanning over a month, the tournament had over 400,000 participants, making it the largest and most expansive tournament in the company's history.
Halo developers 343 Industries announced in 2014 plans to revive Halo as an esport with the creation of the Halo Championship Series and a prize pool of US$50,000.
Since 2013 universities and colleges in the United States such as Robert Morris University Illinois and the University of Pikeville have recognized esports players as varsity level athletes and offer athletic scholarships.
In 2017, Tespa, Blizzard Entertainment's collegiate esports division, unveiled its new initiative to provide scholarships and prizes for collegiate esports clubs competing in its tournaments worth US$1 million.
In 2014, the largest independent esports league, Electronic Sports League, partnered with the local brand Japan Competitive Gaming to try and grow esports in the country.
In addition, many in the fighting games community maintain a distinction between their competitive gaming competitions and the more commercially connected esports competitions of other genres.
In the 2015 World Championship hosted by the International Esports Federation, an esports panel was hosted with guests from international sports society to discuss the future recognition of esports as a recognized, legitimate sporting activity worldwide.
China was one of the first countries to recognize esport as a real sport in 2003, despite concerns at the time that video games were addicting.
Further, by early 2019, China recognized esports players as an official profession within the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's Occupation Skill Testing Authority recommendations, as well as professional gaming operators, those that distribute and manage esports games.
By July 2019, more than 100,000 people had registered themselves as professional gamers under this, with the Ministry stating that they anticipate over 2 million such people in this profession in five years.
The Games and Amusements Board of the Philippines started issuing athletic license to Filipino esports players who are vouched by a professional esports team in July 2017.
The 2007 Asian Indoor Games was the first notable multi-sport competition including esports as an official medal-winning event alongside other traditional sports, and the later editions of the Asian Indoor Games and its successor the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games have always included esports as an official medal event or an exhibition event up to now.
Two difficulties remain for presenting esports as an Olympic event according to IOC President Thomas Bach: that they would need to restrict those that present violent gameplay, and that there is currently a lack of a global sanctioning body for esports to coordinate further.
A similar exhibition showcase, the eGames, was held alongside the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, though this was not supported by the IOC.
Leaders in Japan are becoming involved to help bring esports to the 2020 Summer Olympics and beyond, given the country's reputation as a major video game industry center.
Esports in Japan had not flourished due to the country's anti-gambling laws that also prevent paid professional gaming tournaments, but there were efforts starting in late 2017 to eliminate this issue.
At the suggestion of the Tokyo Olympic Games Committee for the 2020 Summer Olympics, four esports organizations have worked with Japan's leading consumer organization to exempt esports tournaments from gambling law restrictions.
Takeo Kawamura, a member of the Japanese House of Representatives and of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, led a collation of ruling and opposing politicians to support esports, called the Japan esports Union, or JeSU; Kawamura said that they would be willing to pass laws to further exempt esports as needed so that esports athletes can make a living playing these sports.
So far, this has resulted in the ability of esports players to obtain exemption licenses to allow them to play, a similar mechanism needed for professional athletes in other sports in Japan to play professionally.
The first such licenses were given out in mid-July 2018, via a tournament held by several video game publishers to award prizes to many players but with JeSU offered these exemption licenses to the top dozen or so players that emerge, allowing them to compete in further esports events.
The Tokyo Olympic Committee has also planned to arrange a number of esports events to lead up into the 2020 games.
The organization committee for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris were in discussions with the IOC and the various professional esport organizations to consider esports for the event, citing the need to include these elements to keep the Olympics relevant to younger generations.
Ultimately, the organization committee determined esports were premature to bring to the 2024 Games as medal events, but have not ruled out other activities related to esports during the Games.
During the Eighth Olympic Summit in December 2019, the IOC reiterated that it would only consider sports-simulating games for any official Olympic event, but it would look at two paths for such games in the future: those that promoted good physical and mental health lifestyles, and virtual reality and augmented reality games that included physical activity.
The tournaments which emerged in the mid-1990s coincided with the popularity of fighting games and first-person shooters, genres which still maintain a devoted fan base.
In the 2000s, real-time strategy games became overwhelmingly popular in South Korean internet cafés, with crucial influence on the development of esports worldwide.
While it is common for video games to be designed with the experience of the player in game being the only priority, many successful esports games have been designed to be played professionally from the beginning.
In addition to allowing players to participate in a given game, many game developers have added dedicated observing features for the benefit of spectators.
This can range from simply allowing players to watch the game unfold from the competing player's point of view, to a highly modified interface that gives spectators access to information even the players may not have.
The state of the game viewed through this mode may tend to be delayed by a certain amount of time in order to prevent either teams in a game from gaining a competitive advantage.
Game servers are often separated by region, but high quality connections allow players to set up real-time connections across the world.
Downsides to online connections include increased difficulty detecting cheating compared to physical events, and greater network latency, which can negatively impact players' performance, especially at high levels of competition.
As esports have developed, it has also become common for players to use automated matchmaking clients built into the games themselves.
After competitors have contacted each other, the game is often managed by a game server, either remotely to each of the competitors, or running on one of the competitor's machines.
Teams like FaZe Clan, OpTic Gaming, Evil Geniuses, Team SoloMid, Cloud9, Fnatic, Mineski, Counter Logic Gaming, SK Telecom T1, Splyce, Team EnVyUs, and Natus Vincere consist of several professionals.
In addition to prize money from tournament wins, players in these teams and associations may also be paid a separate team salary.
Teams feature these sponsors on their website, team jerseys and on their social media, in 2016 the biggest teams have social media followings of over a million.
Associations include the Korean e-Sports Association (KeSPA), the International e-Sports Federation (IeSF), the British esports Association, and the World esports Association (WESA).
Some traditional sporting athletes have invested in esports, such as Rick Fox's ownership of Echo Fox, Jeremy Lin's ownership of Team VGJ, Shaquille O'Neal's investment in NRG Esports.
Some association football teams, such as FC Schalke 04 in Germany, Paris Saint-Germain esports in France; Besiktas JK, Fenerbahce S.K., and Galatasaray in Turkey; Panathinaikos F.C.
The training that the players must undergo to prepare for tournaments is different but still takes a tremendous amount of time.
Athletes from traditional sports' training is almost entirely based on honing their physical prowess in performing that sport, such as muscle memory, exercising, and dieting.
Esports athletes' training is much more based on training the mind, such as studying strategies and new updates for the game.
Team Liquid, a professional League of Legends team, practice for a minimum of 50 hours per week and most play the game far more.
Some esports teams, such as compLexity, have been following traditional sports training such as regular gym visits, sessions with a coach, and following a special diet.
In most team-based esports, organized play is centered around the use of promotion and relegation to move sponsored teams between leagues within the competition's organization based on how the team fared in matches; this follows patterns of professional sports in European and Asian countries.
Teams will play a number of games across a season as to vie for top positioning in the league by the end of that season.
Those that do well, in addition to prize money, may be promoted into a higher-level league, while those that fare poorly can be regulated downward.
Teams that did not do well were relegated to the League of Legends Challenger Series, replaced by the better performing teams from that series.
With rising interest in viewership of esports, some companies sought to create leagues that followed the franchise approach used in North American professional sports, in which all teams, backed by a major financial sponsor to support the franchise, participate in a regular season of matches to vie for top standing as to participate in the post-season games.
This approach is more attractive for larger investors, who would be more willing to back a team that remains playing in the esport's premiere league and not threatened to be relegated to a lower standing.
Though the details vary from league to league, these leagues generally require all signed player to have a minimum salary with appropriate benefits, and may share in the team's winnings.
While there is no team promotion or relegation, players can be signed onto contracts, traded among teams, or let go as free agents, and new players may be pulled from the esports' equivalent minor league.
Though the first two seasons were played at Blizzard Arena in Los Angeles, the Overwatch League's third season in 2020 will implement the typical home/away game format at esports arenas in the teams' various home cities or regions.
It is the first esports league to be operated by a professional sports league, and the NBA sought to have a League team partially sponsored by each of the 30 professional NBA teams.
Esports are also frequently played in tournaments, where potential players and teams vie to be placed through qualification matches before entering the tournament.
Esports tournaments are almost always physical events in which occur in front of a live audience, with referees or officials to monitor for cheating.
The tournament may be part of a larger gathering, such as Dreamhack, or the competition may be the entirety of the event, like the World Cyber Games or the Fortnite World Cup.
Major tournaments include the World Cyber Games, the North American Major League Gaming league, the France-based Electronic Sports World Cup, and the World e-Sports Games held in Hangzhou, China.
Nonetheless, there has been criticism to how these salaries are distributed, since most players earn a fairly low wage but a few top players have a significantly higher salary, skewing the average earning per player.
Often, game developers provide prize money for tournament competition directly, but sponsorship may also come from third parties, typically companies selling computer hardware, energy drinks, or computer software.
While game publishers or esport broadcasters typically act in oversight roles for specific esports, a number of esport governing bodies have been established to collectively represent esports on a national, regional or global basis.
These governing bodies may have various levels of involvement with the esport, from being part of esports regulation to simply acting more as a trade group and public face for esports.
Originally formed in 2008 to help promote esports in the southeast Asian region, it has grown to include 56 member countries from across the global.
The European Esports Federation was formed in April 2019 and includes UK, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Hungary, France, Russia, Slovenia, Serbia, Sweden, Turkey, and Ukraine.
This body was designed more to be a managing partner for other esports, working to coordinate event structures and regulations across multiple esports.
Pro gamers are usually obligated to behave ethically, abiding by both the explicit rules set out by tournaments, associations, and teams, as well as following general expectations of good sportsmanship.
The team disbanded within a month, due to the negative publicity of their promotional video, as well as the poor attitude of the team captain towards her teammates.
Reports of widespread use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in esports are not uncommon, with players discussing their own, their teammates' and their competitors' use and officials acknowledging the prevalence of the issue.
Players often turn to stimulants such as Ritalin, Adderall and Vyvanse, drugs which can significantly boost concentration, improve reaction time and prevent fatigue.
Some players take propanolol, which blocks the effects of adrenaline, or Valium, which is prescribed to treat anxiety disorder, in order to remain calm under pressure.
The unregulated use of such drugs poses severe risks to competitors' health, including addiction, overdose, serotonin syndrome and, in the case of stimulants, weight loss.
Even over-the-counter energy drinks which are marketed specifically toward gamers have faced media and regulatory scrutiny due to deaths and hospitalizations.
Accordingly, Adderall and other such stimulants are banned and their use penalized by many professional sporting bodies and leagues, including Major League Baseball and the National Football League.
Although International e-Sports Federation (IeSF) is a signatory of the World Anti-Doping Agency, the governing body has not outlawed any PEDs in its sanctioned competitions.
Action has been taken on the individual league level, however, as at least one major league, the Electronic Sports League, has made use of any drugs during matches punishable by expulsion from competition.
There has been some concern over the quality of life and potential mistreatment of players by organizations, especially in South Korea.
Korean organizations have been accused of refusing to pay competitive salaries, leading to a slow exodus of Korean players to other markets.
Players must handle their own treatments and carry their own medical insurance, which is the opposite of the norm with professional sports teams.
Since most esports play requires many actions per minute, some players may get repetitive strain injuries, causing hand or wrist pain.
Despite this, online streaming is preferred by some players, as it is in some cases more profitable than competing with a team and streamers have the ability to determine their own schedule.
The International tournament awards US$10 million to the winners, however teams that do not have the same amount of success often do not have financial stability and frequently break up after failing to win.
In 2015 it was estimated by SuperData Research that the global esports industry generated revenue of around US$748.8 million that year.
Asia is the leading esports market with over $321 million in revenue, North America is around $224 million, and Europe has $172 million and the rest of the world for about $29 million.
The number of female viewers has been growing in esports, with an estimated 30% of esports viewers being female in 2013, an increase from 15% from the previous year.
And since it is not regulated, this may encourage match-fixing by players themselves, and lead to issues with underage gambling due to the draw of video games.
A bright example can be represented by skin gambling, where virtual items earned in games are used as a currency, and it let users bet on the outcome of matches.
Esports gambling in the United States has been illegal under the federal Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (PASPA) until May 2018.
However, New Jersey, the state at the center of the Supreme Court case, passed its bill to legalize sports gambling but restricted gambling on esports to only international competitions where most players are over 18 years of age.
Without PASPA, interstate gambling on esports would be still be limited by the Federal Wire Act, preventing users from betting on national esports events outside of the state.
In 2019, the countries where esports gambling is legal include the UK, New Zealand, Australia, China, Spain, Canada, South Korea, and Japan, and many of them are the international hosts for gaming tournaments.
Also by the end of 2019, the state of New Jersey approved esports betting, just in time for the finals of the LoL Worlds Cup 2019 final match, which had over 4.000.000 spectators.
Just as it happens with traditional sports, bookmarkers and gambling companies do their best to attract as many gamblers as possible.
Thus, as an important part of the esports audience is underage most governments have been a bit skeptical regarding this market’s moral view.
Nevertheless, a huge synergy has been shown between the esports and gambling industries as online betting houses have been able to aim to younger audiences and experiment with new forms of gambling adapted to each game title and/or tournament.
Furthermore, these industries have got so close that there are even betting houses sponsoring professional esports teams, as happened with the contract between Betway and PSG.LGD team (Dota 2) in August 2019.
As far as esports gambling goes, most of the bets move within the same nature as they do with traditional sports.
Therefore most gambling sites offering the booker service allow users to bet based on the outcome of tournaments, matches or special esports titles.
On the other hand, due to the nature of esports, there are plenty of innovative ways to bet, which are based on in-game milestones.
On the other hand, players may stablish to do in-game or offline transactions to cover personal bets on the matches they participate in.
With the growing popularity of machine learning in data analytics, esports has been the focus of several software programs that analyze the plethora of game data available.
Based on the huge number of matches played on a daily basis globally (League of Legends alone had a reported 100 million active monthly players worldwide in 2016 and an average of 27 million League of Legends games played per day reported in 2014), these games can be used for applying big-data machine learning platforms.
In addition, several programs use machine learning tools to predict the win probability of a match based on various factors, such as team composition.
In 2018, the DotA team Team Liquid partnered with a software company to allow players and coaches to predict the team's success rate in each match and provide advice on what needs to be changed to improve performance.
As more esport competitions and leagues are run entirely or in portion by the video game publisher or developer for the game, the ongoing viability of that game's esport activities is tied to that company.
esports tournaments commonly use commentators or casters to provide live commentary of games in progress, similar to a traditional sports commentator.
With the shutdown of the Own3d streaming service in 2013, Twitch is by far the most popular streaming service for esports, competing against other providers such as Hitbox.tv, Azubu, and YouTube Gaming.
While coverage of live events usually brings in the largest viewership counts, the recent popularization of streaming services has allowed individuals to broadcast their own gameplay independent of such events as well.
Individual broadcasters can enter an agreement with Twitch or Hitbox in which they receive a portion of the advertisement revenue from commercials which run on the stream they create.
Especially since the popularization of streaming in esports, organizations no longer prioritize television coverage, preferring online streaming websites such as Twitch.
The first-place team from the University of California, Berkeley received tuition for each of the teams players, paid for by Blizzard and Tespa.
The broadcast was an attempt to broaden the appeal of esports by reaching viewers who would not normally come across it.
Additionally, the tournament could not be viewed online via streams, cutting off a large portion of viewers from the main demographic in the process.
In December 2015, the partnered companies announced two seasons of the ELeague, a league based in North America including 15 teams from across the world competing for a $1,200,000 prize pool each 10-week season.
The tournament, filmed at Turner's studios in Atlanta, Georgia, is simultaneously streamed on online streaming websites and TBS on Friday nights.
He felt that higher quality productions, more in line with those of traditional sports telecasts, could help to broaden the appeal of esports to advertisers.
On 17 January 2017, Big Ten Network and Riot announced that it would hold a larger season of conference competition involving 10 Big Ten schools.
Nielsen Holdings, a global information company known for tracking viewership for television and other media, announced in August 2017 that it would launch Nielsen esports, a division devoted to providing similar viewership and other consumer research data around esports, forming an advisory board with members from ESL, Activision Blizzard, Twitch, YouTube, ESPN, and FIFA to help determine how to track and monitor audience sizes for eSport events.
In July 2018, on the first day of the inaugural 2018 Overwatch League season playoffs, Blizzard and Disney announced a multi-year deal that gave Disney and its networks ESPN and ABC broadcast rights to the Overwatch League and Overwatch World Cup, starting with the playoffs and continuing with future events.
The Speak & Math (or Speak & Maths in some countries) was a popular and revolutionary electronic toy created by Texas Instruments in 1980.
Speak & Math was one of a three-part talking educational toy series that also included Speak & Spell and Speak & Read.
The Speak & Math was sold in both the United States and in Europe; it was originally advertised as a tool for helping young children to become better at mathematics.
The Speak & Math, like the earlier Speak & Spell, also had the ability to expand its memory using expansion modules that plugged into a slot near the battery compartment.
Speak & Math had five distinct learning games: Solve It, Word Problems, Greater Than/Less Than, Write It, and Number Stumper, all playable at three levels of difficulty.
Solve It is the classic math problem-solving game where the participant must solve five math problems to the best of their ability.
Greater Than/Less Than involves whether the number on the left is greater than or less than the number on the right.
Each new king had to subscribe to King Henry's Articles, which were the basis of Poland's political system and included almost unprecedented guarantees of religious tolerance.
From then on, the king was effectively a partner with the noble class and was constantly supervised by a group of senators.
The doctrine had ancient republican thought at its roots, which was then reapplied with varying success to the political reality of an elective monarchy.
It was an exception, characterized by a strong aristocracy and a feeble king, in an age when absolutism was developing in the stronger countries of Europe, but the exception, was characterized by a striking similarity to certain modern values.
At a time that most European countries were headed toward centralization, absolute monarchy and religious and dynastic warfare, the Commonwealth experimented with decentralization, confederation and federation, democracy, religious tolerance and even pacifism.
Just like liberal democrats of the 19th and 20th century, the Polish noblemen were concerned about the power of the state.
Perhaps the closest parallels to Poland's 'Noble Democracy' can be found outside Europe altogether, in America, among the slave-owning aristocracy of The South, where slave-owning democrats and founding fathers of the US, such as Thomas Jefferson or George Washington, had many values in common with the reformist noblemen of the Commonwealth.
Others however criticize the Golden Liberty, pointing out it was limited only to the nobility, excluding peasants or townsfolk and gave no legal system to grant freedom and liberty to the majority of the population, failing them by failing to protect them from the excesses of the nobility, resulting in the slow development of cities and the second serfdom among the peasants.
The Golden Liberty created a state that was unusual for its time, but somewhat similar political systems existed in other contemporary states, like the Republic of Venice.
Also nearby is the estate of Northmoor, formerly a seat of Sir Frederick Wills,1st Baronet of Northmoor, one of the four Wills Baronetcys, and the founders of the Imperial Tobacco Company.
In 1929 Sir Frederick's son & heir, Sir Gilbert Wills, 2nd Baronet , was raised to the peerage as Baron Dulverton, whose principal seat was at Batsford Park, near Batsford, Gloucestershire.
The manor was granted to the Turbervilles by William I and in the late 12th century they gave the church and some land to Taunton Priory.
The Middle Ages saw continued growth and the establishment of fairs and markets, with several small industries based upon the traditions of upland farming and the wool trade.
These include related works such as laundries; originally used for the washing of sheep fleeces in the leats feeding the wide and fast-flowing River Barle, the surviving 19th-century industrial laundries continue to provide a service to surrounding businesses.
The market house in Fore Street, which is believed to date from 1760, was converted into the town hall in 1866, with the porch and external double staircase being added in 1930 by Sir Albert Richardson.
Private housing stock generally ranges from medium-size to substantial Georgian to late Victorian family houses, with a small estate of post-war modern houses and bungalows towards the north of town.
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny.
The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic.
The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning.
It was previously in the district of West Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and part of Dulverton Rural District before that.
The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
It is also part of the Bridgwater and West Somerset county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament which elects six MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
Towards Brushford the River Barle is crossed by the New Bridge dating from 1870, which led to Pixton Park, which was the home of John Dyke Acland and his wife Harriet Acland and later the family of Evelyn Waugh and Auberon Waugh.
The other major river in the parish is the River Exe, which is on the parish boundary with Brompton Regis, which is crossed by the medieval Chilly Bridge and Hele Bridge, and the 18th century Weir Bridge.
In between the town centre and the river is a large recreation meadow which recently underwent renovation by locals (including the pupils of Dulverton Middle School) supported by a Barclays Bank New Futures Scheme.
South of the town is Briggins Moor a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which provides an example of unimproved mire of a type which is restricted to south-west England and Wales and which has been significantly reduced in extent in the recent past.
Two miles from Dulverton is the village of Brushford, where the Dulverton railway station on the Taunton to Barnstaple line used to be.
The station buildings are still visible and it is clear where the lines used to run as the railway embankment is still visible and worn in places although the rails have been lifted.
The parish Church of All Saints in Bank Square has a tower from the 15th century, which was extensively restored between 1853 and 1855 when the rest of church was rebuilt by Edward Ashworth.
Brett Michael Emerton (born 22 February 1979) is a retired Australian professional footballer who played for Sydney Olympic, Sydney FC, Feyenoord Rotterdam, Blackburn Rovers and the Australian national team.
Emerton was a product of the Australian Institute of Sport and started his career with Sydney Olympic in the National Soccer League in August 1996.
During his stay at the club he impressed widely with his pace and stamina, as much as his play with the ball.
After captaining the Olyroos at the Sydney Olympics, Emerton joined Feyenoord in August 2000 for a fee of £415,000, winning a UEFA Cup winners medal in May 2002.
In his first Premier League season, Emerton played in 37 league games, scored 2 goals, and featured in 40 matches in all competitions.
However, the club preserved their Premiership status following a change of manager and reached the FA Cup semi-finals, where they lost to Arsenal.
When Mark came in we were in a bit of disarray but from the day he arrived we worked on our fitness.
A more successful season in 2005–06 saw Blackburn reach the 5th round of the FA Cup, losing to West Ham United, the semi-finals of the Carling Cup and qualifying for the UEFA Cup.
Emerton made 47 appearances in the 2006–07 season as Blackburn finished in mid-table but reached the FA Cup semi-final for the second time in three years, losing to Chelsea, and reached the knock-out stages of the UEFA cup, eventually losing out to Bayer Leverkusen for a place in the last 16.
At the end of the 2006–07 season, Emerton had made a total of 167 appearances for Blackburn in all competitions, scoring 10 goals.
On 31 January 2009, Emerton's 2008–09 season came to a halt versus Middlesbrough when during a tackle, he damaged his knee.
It was revealed on 2 February that he had damaged his cruciate ligament, which meant he would miss the remainder of the season, 6 to 9 months being his expected recovery time.
On 12 September 2009, Emerton made his long-awaited return to Premier League football as a second-half substitute in the 3–1 Blackburn victory over fellow Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers.
On 4 October 2009, Emerton started his first match in 2009–10 since being injured at Middlesbrough the previous season, playing against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium in a heavy 6–2 defeat with Emerton playing 57 minutes before being replaced by substitute Morten Gamst Pedersen.
In all competitions during the 2009–10 season, Emerton made a total of 29 appearances, scoring two goals, and providing four assists.
On 25 July 2010, he replaced Morten Gamst Pedersen in the 60th minute in the 2–1 defeat to Rangers in the Sydney Festival of Football tournament held in Australia, but could not prevent the team from losing.
Emerton scored his first goal of the 2010–11 Premier League season in a 2–1 victory over Blackpool at Bloomfield Road on 25 September, in which he scored in the 92nd minute of injury time.
On 4 December, he scored his second goal of the season at Ewood Park against Wolverhampton Wanderers in the 43rd minute, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 victory.
In Rovers' last Premier League match of the season against Wolves at Molineux, Emerton scored a volley on 38 minutes and also played the full 90 minutes in a 3–2 win.
He was made captain for his final match for Blackburn against Everton at Ewood Park on 27 August 2011, playing the full 90 minutes.
On 25 August 2011 it was announced that Emerton had signed with two time A-League champions, Sydney FC on a three-year deal after terminating his contract with Blackburn Rovers by mutual consent returning him to his homeland after 11 years abroad.
He made his début at Etihad Stadium against A-League giants Melbourne Victory, where he had a 33rd-minute penalty saved by Ante Covic and came off in the 84th minute in front of 40,000 people in attendance in the 0–0 draw.
He scored his first goal in the round 7 game against the Central Coast Mariners from a free kick, but Sydney slumped to a 3–2 defeat.
0n 23 March 2013 Emerton was shown a red card against Western Sydney Wanderers for a studs-up challenge on left-back and former teammate Shannon Cole.
On 20 July 2013, Emerton captained the A-League All Stars in the inaugural A-League All Stars Game against Manchester United, a match in which the A-League All Stars were thrashed 5–1, courtesy of goals from Danny Welbeck, Jesse Lingard and Robin van Persie.
He was named in the Australia squad for the Fifa Confederations Cup held in South Korea and Japan in 2001 and made the starting line-up in a shock win over France and a defeat by South Korea as Australia qualified from the Group stages.
Emerton was a member of the Australian national team that lost out on the final place in the 2002 World Cup finals in Korea and Japan when Uruguay beat Australia over two legs in November 2001.
He played in the team that comprehensively beat England 3–1 at the Boleyn Ground in February 2003, scoring the final goal to seal an impressive win.
Emerton played in both legs of World Cup play-off against Uruguay in November 2005, when the Socceroos qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, the first time that Australia had reached the finals of the World Cup since 1974, and was named in the Australian squad for the World Cup finals.
He was in the starting line-up for all three Group Stage games against Japan, Brazil and Croatia as Australia qualified for the second round.
However, he received two yellow cards against Croatia, was sent off in the 87th minute and subsequently missed the Socceroos' second round match against Italy.
Emerton scored two goals against Qatar in Australia's fourth match of World Cup Qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in Doha.
He also scored two goals against Qatar on 15 October in Brisbane, one from the penalty spot and the other a right foot finish from a flowing Australian move.
In his return match for the Socceroos against the Netherlands, Emerton came on as a second-half substitute for Josh Kennedy, and made an exceptional return by looking dangerous on the right side of midfield.
Emerton scored a late winner against Oman in the 2011 Asian Cup Qualifying fixture to give the Socceroos a 2–1 win.
On 25 January 2011, Emerton scored his 18th goal for his country and the fourth goal in the 73rd minute of the match when he scored against Uzbekistan in a 6–0 win in the semi-finals of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup after coming on from the bench.
On 5 June 2011, he captained the Aussies because there was no Lucas Neill in their 3–0 victory over rivals New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval Stadium.
Emerton started and scored the winner in a 1–0 victory for the Socceroos against Hong Kong in East Asian Cup qualification.
This walk commemorates the Miracle of the Host of 16 March 1345, a Eucharistic miracle which involved a dying man vomiting upon being given the Holy Sacrament and last rites.
The Host was then, due to liturgical regulations, put in the fire, but miraculously remained intact and could be retrieved from the ashes the following day.
During the 1950s up to 90.000 Catholics, from all over the Netherlands, walked the Silent Walk, nowadays usually about 5,000 people (2016) take part in it, following Mass in one of Amsterdam's churches.
His father, the count Carlo Augusto Brunetta of Usseaux was a high-degree official of the Royal Sardinian Army, headquartered in the same city.
The mother was Carolyne Mattone of Benevello also come from an Italian noble family who owned the Castle of Mazzè (near Turin), related to the family Valperga since seven centuries before.
After the beginning of the Second Italian War of Independence, he had gone on living here with his mother, because their home based in Vercelli was too near the military front, as the border of Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia.
At the end of the studies in the exclusive Nobles College located in the odiern Academy of Science of Turin, Brunetta married the countess Catherine Zeyffart, a landowner of enormous plots in Ukraine, which was descendant from an ancient and noble Russian family, maybe linked to the Romanov dynasty of Zar.
When she died in 1897, count Eugenio Brunetta went to live in Paris, where by many years he was living nine months a year in his property home, just coming in Italy during the summer.
Himself an active rower and rider, the count was very interested in sports, and was in Paris that he met with Baron Pierre de Coubertin interested to him, for the reinstatement of the Olympic Games.
His engagement for the sports (ideals) was so very close to him, that in 1897 Brunetta d'Usseaux become member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which he remained until his death, as general secretary since 1908.
He succeeded in bringing the 1908 Summer Olympics to Rome, but Italy had to forfeit the organization of the Olympics in 1906, due to financial and organisational problems.
In this position, he tried to get winter sports on the Olympic programme, and suggested to have a separate winter sports week attached to the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.
The count died, under unclear circumstances, in France in 1919, and would not live to see the first Winter Olympic Games in 1924, maybe in Nice.
At that time, he would to come in Russia for acknowledging the family of his wife, after the start of Russian Revolution.
Appledore is a village at the mouth of the River Torridge, about 6 miles (10 km) west of Barnstaple and about 3 miles (5 km) north of Bideford in the county of Devon, England.
It is the former home to Appledore Shipbuilders (closed March 2019), a lifeboat slipway and Hocking's Ice Cream, a brand of ice cream only sold in North Devon.
There was a Saxon settlement, but the Devon historian WG Hoskins says of the local legend that it was the site of a Viking raid in 878 AD, 'there is no authority for this identification'.
The construction of a quay in 1845 further developed the port, and as a result Appledore has a rich maritime heritage from the second half of the 19th century.
The Richmond Dry Dock was built in 1856 by William Yeo and named after Richmond Bay in Prince Edward Island, where the Yeo family's shipping fleet was based.
The boat was kept in the King's Watch House at Appledore for six years until a new boat house was built at Watertown, half a mile nearer the sea.
From 1848 a second lifeboat was stationed at Braunton Burrows on the opposite side of the estuary but its crew always came from Appledore.
A third station was built at Northam Burrows to the west of Appledore in 1851 and the Appledore boat moved there.
A new station at Badsteps allowed Northam Burrows to close in 1889 and Braunton Burrows closed in 1918 as it was difficult to find men and horses to launch the boat.
Appledore Lifeboat Station was rebuilt in 2001 and is home to an inshore lifeboat; a larger all-weather Tamar class boat is kept moored just off shore.
and Appledore Railway (B,WH&A,R) was most unusual amongst British railways in that although it was built as a standard gauge line (4 ft in) it was not joined to the rest of the railway network, despite the London and South Western Railway having a station at Bideford, East-the-Water, meaning on the other side of the River Torridge from the main town.
The line was wholly situated on the peninsula made up of Westward Ho!, Northam and Appledore with extensive sand dunes, at the mouth of the Torridge and Taw estuary.
Stagecoach also runs a circular route called 16 from Bideford to westward ho!, west Appledore, appledore, square Northam and then back to bideford.
Nikolai Tolstoy, Patrick O'Brian's stepson, considers that the fictional town of Shelmerston in O'Brian's Aubrey-Maturin series may have been based on Appledore.
In 2008, the Jackson family (including Tito Jackson) stayed for six weeks in Appledore while searching for a house to buy in the area.
Oz consists of four vast quadrants, the Gillikin Country in the north, Quadling Country in the south, Munchkin Country in the east and Winkie Country in the west.
For the next two decades, he described and expanded upon the land in the Oz Books, a series which introduced many fictional characters and creatures.
In all, Baum wrote fourteen best-selling children's books about Oz and its enchanted inhabitants, as well as a spin off-series of six early readers.
After his death in 1919, author Ruth Plumly Thompson, illustrator John R. Neill (who had previously collaborated with Baum on his Oz books) and several other writers and artists continued the series.
Baum characterized Oz as a real place, unlike MGM's 1939 musical movie adaptation, which presents it as a dream of lead character Dorothy Gale.
According to the Oz books, it is a hidden fairyland cut off from the rest of the world by the Deadly Desert.
Oz is roughly rectangular in shape, and divided along the diagonals into four countries: Munchkin Country (but commonly referred to as 'Munchkinland' in adaptations) in the East, Winkie Country in the West (sometimes West and East are reversed on maps of Oz, see West and East below), Gillikin Country in the North, and Quadling Country in the South.
In the center of Oz, where the diagonals cross, is the fabled Emerald City, capital of the land of Oz and seat to the monarch of Oz, Princess Ozma.
The regions have a color scheme: blue for Munchkins, yellow for Winkies, red for Quadlings, green for the Emerald City, and (in works after the first) purple for the Gillikins, which region was also not named in the first book.
Baum, indeed, never used the color scheme consistently; in many books, he alluded to the colors to orient the characters and readers to their location, and then did not refer to it again.
His most common technique was to depict the man-made articles and flowers as the color of the country, leaving leaves, grass, and fruit their natural colors.
These regions are concentrated around the edges of the country, and constitute the main settings for books that are set entirely within Oz.
Oz is completely surrounded on all four sides by a desert which insulates the citizens of the Land of Oz from discovery and invasion.
Still, it is the dividing land between the magic of Oz and the outside world, and the Winged Monkeys can not obey Dorothy's command to carry her home because it would take them outside the lands of Oz.
The desert has nonetheless been breached numerous times, both by children from our world (mostly harmless), by the Wizard of Oz himself, and by more sinister characters, such as the Nome King, who attempted to conquer Oz.
This was, indeed, an earnest effort on Baum's part to end the series, but the insistence of readers meant the continuation of the series, and therefore the discovery of many ways for people to pass through this barrier as well as over the sands.
Despite this continual evasion, the barrier itself remained; nowhere in any Oz book did Baum hint that the inhabitants were even considering removing the magical barrier.
These directions are confirmed by the text of all of Baum's Oz books, especially the first, in which the Wicked Witch of the East rules over the Munchkins, and the Wicked Witch of the West rules over the Winkies.
However, the first map of Oz to appear in an Oz book had those directions reversed, and the compass rose adjusted accordingly.
It is believed that this is a result of Baum copying the map from the wrong side of the glass slide, effectively getting a mirror image of his intended map.
However, an editor at Reilly and Lee reversed the compass rose, thinking he was fixing an error, and resulting in further confusion.
If Baum thought of the country of the Munchkins as the nearest region to him, it would have been in the east while he lived in Chicago, but when he moved to California, it would have been in the west.
Modern maps of Oz are almost universally drawn with the Winkies in the west and the Munchkins in the east, although west and east often appear reversed.
Many Oz fans believe this is the correct orientation, perhaps as a result of Glinda's spell, which has the effect of confusing most standard compasses; perhaps resembling its similarity to the world Alice found through the looking glass in which everything was a mirror image; or perhaps just reflecting the alien nature of Oz.
Oz, like all of Baum's fantasy countries, was presented as existing as part of the real world, albeit protected from civilization by natural barriers.
A fair amount of evidence in the books point to this continent as being envisioned as somewhere in the southern Pacific Ocean.
Palm trees grow outside the Royal Palace in the Emerald City, and horses are not native to Oz, both points of consistency with a South-Pacific location; illustrations and descriptions of round-shaped and domed Ozite houses suggest a non-Western architecture.
Conversely, Oz has technological, architectural, and urban elements typical of Europe and North America around the turn of the twentieth century; but this may involve cultural input from unusual external sources (see History below).
An argument against the South Pacific is that the seasons in Oz are shown as the same seasons in the United States at the same time.
Baum's creation of the Emerald City may have been inspired by the White City of the World Columbian Exposition, which he visited frequently.
Its quick building, in less than a year, may have been an element in the quick construction of the Emerald City in the first book.
Schematically, Oz is much like the United States, with the Emerald City taking the place of Chicago: to the East, mixed forest and farmland; to the West, treeless plains and fields of wheat; to the South, warmth and lush growth, and red earth.
Glinda (the Good Witch of the South) is later revealed to be the most powerful of the four, although later Oz books reveal that the Wicked Witch of the West was so powerful, even Glinda feared her.
After Dorothy's house crushes the Wicked Witch of the East, thereby liberating the Munchkins from bondage, the Good Witch of the North tells Dorothy that she (the Witch of the North) is not as powerful as the Wicked Witch of the East had been, or she would have freed the Munchkins herself.
That book contained only the four witches (besides the humbug wizard), but despite Ozma's prohibition on magic, many more magicians feature in later works.
Dorothy is taken for a witch not only because she had killed the Wicked Witch of the East, but because her dress is blue and white checked.
Ozma, once on the throne, prohibits the use of magic by anyone other than Glinda the Good, the Wizard of Oz, and herself – as, earlier, the Good Witch of the North had prohibited magic by any other witch in her domains.
He did not disabuse them of this notion, and with his new power over them, he had them build a city with a palace in the center of Oz.
Afraid of the Wicked Witches of the West and the East, who, unlike him, could do real magic, the Wizard hid away in a room of his palace and refused to see visitors.
Glinda, the Good Witch of the South, reveals that the Wizard usurped the previous king of Oz Pastoria and hid away his daughter Ozma.
The balloon part of his story was unchanged, except for the detail added by Ozma, that the people probably saw his initials on his balloon and took them as a message that he was to be their king.
Ozma elaborates further, saying that there were once four Wicked Witches in Oz, who leagued together to depose the King, but the Wicked Witches of the North and South were defeated by Good Witches before the Wizard arrived in Oz.
This version of prehistory restores the Wizard's reputation, but adds the awkwardness of both Ozma and her father having been born in captivity.
After becoming a fairyland, Oz harbored many Witches, Magicians, and Sorcerers until the time when Ozma made magic illegal without a permit.
In yet another inconsistency, it is implied that Ozma was the fairy left behind by Queen Lurline to rule the country, contradicting the story where she was Pastoria's daughter.
While this explains why no one dies or ages, and nevertheless there are people of differing ages in Oz, it is completely inconsistent with the earlier versions of the prehistory.
This version relates that Ozma was given to the king of Oz as an adoptive daughter, for he was old and had no children.
The land was created 6,000–7,000 years ago by a wizard named Hurricap, who was tired of people coming to him with requests, so he decided to find a place without them annoying him.
He found a remote land and separated it from the rest of the world, along with putting the enchantments of eternal spring and talking animals (Volkov's version doesn't include any forms of immortality).
However, he failed to notice that the land already contained people (since he was a giant, already suffering from nearsightedness in his advanced age, and the people in the Magic Land were much shorter than in other places), but, upon discovering the fact, decided that removing the enchantments would be unnecessary.
After that, the notable events included a conquest attempt by a sorceress named Arachna (Gurrikap was still alive, and put her in an enchanted sleep for 5,000 years.
Once there, they become the first people to gain an audience with the Wizard since he went into seclusion, although he disguises himself because Dorothy now has the Wicked Witch of the East's magic silver shoes, and he is afraid of her.
The Wizard sends Dorothy and her party to destroy the Wicked Witch of the West and in exchange promises to grant her request to be sent home.
Defeated, the Wizard reveals to the group that he is in fact not a real wizard and has no magical powers, but he promises to grant Dorothy's wish and take her home himself in his balloon.
Finally, it is discovered that the wizard had given the daughter of the last king of Oz, Princess Ozma, to the old witch Mombi to have her hidden away.
When all of this is revealed Tip is turned back into Ozma and takes her rightful place as the benevolent ruler of all of Oz.
To prevent any upheaval of her rule over Oz, she outlaws the practice of all magic in Oz except by herself, the returned and reformed wizard, and by Glinda, and she has Glinda make all of Oz invisible to outsiders.
This is a revision of the original society: in the first two books, the people of Oz lived in a money-based economy.
This decision to remove money from Oz may reflect Baum's own financial difficulties in the times when he was writing these books.
Since Oz is ruled by a monarch, benevolent though she may be, Oz is closer in nature to an absolute monarchy than a communist or Marxist state.
The society grew steadily more utopian, in that its peace and prosperity were organized, but from the first book, it was a stupendously wealthy country, in contrast to Kansas's crop failures, droughts, and mortgages—just as it also is colorful to contrast with Kansas's gray.
On the other hand, despite the presence of the Emerald City, Oz is an agrarian country, similar to Kansas; the story has been interpreted as a populist parable, and certainly contains many populist themes.
At times the rulers of Oz's territories have grander titles than would normally be customary, but this is done mostly for the satisfaction of the incumbents.
The Munchkin Country is ruled by a king, later identified as Cheeriobed, who is revealed to be married to the Good Witch of the North, who, a spell broken, abdicates leadership of the Gillikin Country to Joe King and Queen Hyacinth of Up Town.
The Royal Flag of Oz is based on the map of the Land of Oz; the four colors represent the four countries, and the green star represents the Emerald City.
Oz also has a natural barrier in the form of a desert that surrounds the land: anyone who touches the desert turns to sand.
In the end of the book it was said that there are three privates all in all, and it is unknown how many—if any—officers were left at home during Ozma's travel to Ev.
The Land of Oz as portrayed in the classic MGM musical movie of 1939, is quite different from that portrayed in Baum's books.
The most notable difference is that in the film the entire land of Oz appears to be dreamed up by Dorothy Gale (thus making it a dream world), although, Dorothy earnestly corrects the adults at the end that she was indeed there, and an image of Dorothy's falling farmhouse returning to earth is presented.
The apparent message is that one should appreciate one's home, no matter how dull it may look or uninteresting its surroundings may be, for having a home and a family is not something that should be taken for granted.
This contrasts sharply with the books, in which Dorothy and her family are eventually invited to move to Oz due to a bank foreclosure on the farm, showing both that Oz is a real place, and that it is a utopia compared to the prairies of Kansas.
For example, when Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland the Munchkins are seen wearing colorful costumes, but in the book Munchkins are said to only wear blue as blue is the official dominant color of the east.
The first witch Dorothy meets in Oz in the book is the Good Witch of the North, a minor character that only had one other appearance in Baum's books but is an important figure of Oz nonetheless.
In the movie this character is conflated with that of Glinda, who is the Good Witch of the South and does not make an appearance until the very end of Baum's story.
The character of Glinda in the books dresses in all white silk, as white is the traditional color for good witches, whereas in the film she is seen in pink.
It is also worthy of note that the Dorothy of the books is only a little girl who is no older than twelve-years-old.
However, she is mature and very resourceful, only crying when faced with ultimate despair, whereas the older Dorothy of the movie (portrayed as a twelve-year-old by sixteen-year-old Judy Garland) spends several portions of the film crying and being told by others what to do, however her fear was overshadowed by the Cowardly Lion's.
The Wicked Witch of the West is portrayed in the book as having only one eye, which is so powerful it could see distant objects like a telescope, but in the movie she uses a crystal ball to watch Dorothy and her friends from afar.
The 1939 MGM film makes the first reference to The Witches of the East and West being sisters, which was not the case in the book; none of the Witches in Baum's Oz are related.
In the book he entertains each member of Dorothy's party on a different day, and takes a different form for each; appearing as a giant green head, a beautiful fairy, a great beast, and a levitating ball of fire.
In the book, the city is not actually all green, but everyone is forced to wear green tinted spectacles (ostensibly to protect their eyes from the glory and splendor of the luxurious city), thus making everything appear green.
The architecture of the Emerald City in the movie uses a much more contemporary Art Deco style than Baum could have imagined.
In the book, a giant green wall studded in glittering emeralds surrounds the entire city, whereas in the movie there is only a gate opening.
This was because full color motion pictures were still a relatively new technology in 1939, and MGM wanted to show off the visually dazzling process.
Due to the popularity of the movie, the green witch and the Ruby Slippers are more well known to the general public and pop culture than their book counterparts, and are even considered iconic.
One political issue in Maguire's novels is the oppression of the Animals (Maguire distinguishes speaking Animals from non-speaking animals by the use of initial capital letters).
There are many religious traditions in Maguire's Oz, including Lurlinism (which regards the Fairy Lurline as Oz's creator), Unionism, which worships the Unnamed God, and the pleasure faiths which had swept Oz during the time that the witches were at Shiz.
An example of the pleasure faiths were tic-toc (where creatures were enchanted to tell secrets or the future and run by clockwork), and sorcery.
The oppression of the Animals is still a theme, but the geographical and religious divisions portrayed in Maguire's novel are barely present.
They have been retranslated into English by Peter L. Blystone and partially by March Laumer, who used elements of them in his own books.
His canon includes everything he knew of that was set in the land of Oz, including Volkov's Russian Oz, the MGM movie, the Disney sequel, and many of Baum's own books that most fans do not consider canonical.
For example, the intelligent and mature sorceress Glinda was married to Button Bright, who had been a small and dim-witted child throughout Baum's books.
He also aged Dorothy to a teenager to make her a romantic prospect for several characters, made Ozma a lesbian based on her upbringing as a boy, and made the Shaggy Man an ephebophile based on his frequent travels with young girls.
Because most of his books were collaborations, he often included elements of other author's visions of Oz which may have been inconsistent with his own.
Despite these discrepancies, many of his books are consistent with each other, and characters introduced in some often appear in others.
The premise is that nothing after the first book occurred—Dorothy never returned to Oz, and instead grew up, got married, and had a son.
While flying in his Curtiss JN-4 biplane he enters a green haze and emerges in the civil war-stricken land of Oz.
The Oz portrayed in the book is very close to Baum's Oz, although Heinlein does make an attempt to explain some things from the standpoint of a science fiction author.
He explains that Oz is on a retrograde planet, where the direction of rotation relative to the poles is reversed, resulting in the sun seeming to rise in what would normally be the west.
Heinlein also explains that the population remains steady in Oz despite the lack of death because it is impossible for children to be born in Oz.
When the population does increase through immigration, Glinda just extends the borders an inch or two in each direction, which makes more than enough space for all additional people.
), a parallel universe that was first visited by Dorothy Gale during the latter Victorian Era and is ruled over by her descendants.
It is implied, by reference to centuries having elapsed since Dorothy came to the O.Z., that time has progressed at different rates in the O.Z.
When Dorothy leaves Oz after having several adventures there and befriending many of Oz's natives, she is magically carried over the Deadly Desert by means of the charmed Silver Shoes she had been given shortly after her unexpected arrival when her farmhouse landed on and killed the previous pair's owner, the Wicked Witch of the East.
After knocking her heels together three times and wishing to return home, Dorothy is lifted into the air and transported to Kansas.
The Broadway musical based on Maguire's book further shows that they were all silver, but were changed to ruby red by a spell put upon them by the Witch of the West Elphaba, enabling her sister the Witch of the East Nessarose, who prior had been confined to a wheelchair, to magically walk.
A little-known adaptation of the original story made for British television in the mid-90s starring Denise van Outen explained that they had belonged to a visitor from over the rainbow who came to Oz before Dorothy and they were obtained by the Witch when the visitor wished herself home and they fell off her feet on the return trip.
There, it is produced from a certain plant of such viability that the smallest piece can grow into a plant within a day, on any surface except for solid metal.
The second book of the series is centered around a man who animates an army of wooden soldiers with the Powder and uses them for conquering the Magic Land.
In most Oz books, the Magic Belt grants its wearer the ability to transform anyone into any form, and the ability to transport anyone anywhere, and also makes its wearer impervious to harm.
This picture usually appears to be of a pleasant countryside, but when anyone wishes for the picture to show a particular person or place, the scene will display what is wished for.
Sometimes the onlooker is able to hear sounds from the scene within the Magic Picture and sometimes an additional device is necessary to transmit sound.
The device is password activated, and limited in range to the Magic Land (with the exception of deep caverns and certain types of magical interference).
Zelena reads the book ignoring Glinda's warning and turns green again because she felt betrayed as it was mentioned in the book that Dorothy would save Oz from a great evil (Zelena thought that evil was her but this was never revealed).
Ozma keeps it hanging over the gate into the Emerald City, so that all who enter will come with love, although this does not always seem to happen.
Created by the Red Jinn, it summons a slave named Ginger, who appears bearing a tray full of delicious food when the bell is rung.
Besides providing food, the bell also provides a means of escape from danger: anyone who holds onto the slave when he disappears after bringing the food is transported with him to the Red Jinn's castle.
There are actually two magic dinner bells, one in the Emerald City and another which the Red Jinn keeps for himself and uses while traveling.
This passage has been translated by some fans to mean that one ceases to live if one's body is damaged to the extent that it cannot be repaired.
Note also the spell which caused this also prevented aging, and took effect on everyone in Oz at the same time; this means that any babies in Oz are eternally babies, and that anyone who was at the moment of death is permanently caught there, and so on.
When the Tin Woodman rescues the Queen of the Field Mice by chopping off the head of a pursuing wildcat, it seems unlikely the cat's unjoined head and body continue to live independently of each other, although this goes unmentioned.
Again, although the Tin Woodman survived losing all his body, prior to that, he had grown up and lost his parents in a manner inconsistent with later descriptions of Oz.
It is unlikely, however, since, according to the previous book, while a pumpkin which serves as Jack's head can spoil, it can be replaced, which was done several times without a problem.
A legend of uncertain validity is that when relating bedtime stories (the earliest form of the Oz books) Baum was asked by his niece, Ramona Baxter Bowden, the name of the magical land.
This story was first told in 1903, but his wife always insisted that the part about the filing cabinet was not true.
It has also been speculated that Oz was named after the abbreviation for ounce, in the theory that Oz is an allegory for the populist struggle against the illusion (the wizard) of the gold standard.
Others have said that Oz stands for New York, since the letters of the alphabet before O and Z are N and Y respectively.
However, this works just as well with Oz standing for Pennsylvania, because the letters following O and Z are P and A (starting again at the beginning of the alphabet).
Several of Baum's fairy stories that take place in the United States were situated on the Ozark Plateau, and the similarity of name may not be a coincidence.
Australia is a large continent predominated by desert regions, with pockets of intense green tropical, sub-tropical and sub-alpine greenlands and rainforests.
However, according to the Oxford English dictionary, the first references to Australia by this name were made in 1902—after the first book had been published.
Nevertheless, spoken references would certainly have been in use before first appearing in print (as noted by Oxford), hence possibly before the writing of the book.
While no direct link between the mythology of Oz and the realm of Irish folklore has been conclusively proven, certain similarities, for instance Ogma and Princess Ozma, are compelling.
Like the LNER and the SR the LMS took over several schemes that had been developed by its constituent companies and also completed some of its own.
The Volkswagen Touareg (German pronunciation: ) is a mid-size luxury SUV produced by German automaker Volkswagen since 2002 at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant.
The result of the joint project is the Volkswagen Group PL71 platform, shared by the Touareg, the Audi Q7 and the Porsche Cayenne, although there are styling, equipment, and technical differences between those vehicles.
Due to the demand, and the exchange rates of euros against the US dollar, as well as different pricing and environmental policies in the US, the V6 and V8 engine variants make up most of Volkswagen's American Touareg offering.
Compared to other Volkswagen-branded vehicles sold in the US which are aimed at the mass market, Touaregs came in the more upscale trims and placed in competition with other luxury crossover SUVs from BMW and Mercedes-Benz.
However, a limited number of the V10 TDI Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engines was available in the 2004 model year (before being pulled for environmental reasons).
Options to make the vehicles more capable off-road include an available 4-wheel Adaptive Air Suspension (plus Continuous Damping Control) which can raise the car's ride height on command, and an interior switch allowing the rear differential to be manually locked.
The 6.0-litre double overhead camshaft (DOHC), 48-valve W12 engined version was initially intended to be a limited-edition model, with just 500 units planned to be produced; around 330 were slated for sale in Saudi Arabia, with the remainder sold in Europe.
The V10 TDI was offered in the United States for a limited time in 2004, but emissions regulations forced it off the market for a temporary period.
Later US models went on sale in 2006, which was compliant with 50 states emission with Ultra-low sulfur diesel and particulate filter.
The V10 engine has since been replaced by a V6 TDI engine that meets the CARB minimum emission requirements for the 2009 model year.
However, in 2015 it was discovered that these V6 engines were not meeting the CARB emissions requirements and were part of the Volkswagen emissions scandal.
The Touareg's first facelift was unveiled at the 2006 Paris Motor Show, with its North American debut at the 2007 New York Auto Show as a 2008 model.
The 2007 Touareg, alongside an already lengthy options list, could be equipped with a driving dynamics package, a rollover sensor, a 620 watt Dynaudio sound system, and redesigned comfort seats.
In the US and Canada, the facelifted Touareg was marketed as the Touareg 2 for the 2008–2010 model year, reverting to simply Touareg in 2011.
The Touareg R50 is the third Volkswagen after the Golf and Passat to be given the 'R' treatment by Volkswagen Individual GmbH.
The R50 came standard with 21-inch Omanyt wheels, sport-tuned air suspension, decorative 'engine spin' finish interior trim inlays, and an optional four-zone Climatronic climate control system.
The V6 TDI Clean Diesel is a version of the V6 TDI with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system, replacing the V10 TDI in US and Canada.
Sander Kuiken, Technical development diesel application, Volkswagen AG was one of the engineers that worked on the AdBlue system created by Volkswagen, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz.
It also came equipped with full body color aerodynamics body kit, dual power front seats, full Cricket two tone leather interior, touch screen navigation with streaming bluetooth audio, 320 watt 11-speaker audio system and adaptive high intensity discharge headlamps.
The Touareg V6 TSI Hybrid is a prototype hybrid vehicle featuring a V6 petrol engine with a 'Twin Vortices Series' (TVS) supercharger rated at at 5,500 rpm and of torque at 3,000 rpm, an electric motor rated at and of torque and an eight-speed automatic transmission.
In Canada and the US, ads showed the Touareg being capable of feats that other Volkswagen cars could not accomplish, such as going right through a snowbank while a New Beetle got stuck.
A Touareg V10 TDI pulled a Boeing 747 as part of an advertising campaign, which holds the world record for the heaviest load towed by a passenger car.
Users can maneuver any of six different VW models through different explosions, while altering vehicle speeds, props, sound effects and camera angles to make that perfect scene.
Unlike an adaptive high beam system, the newest system continually and gradually adjusts not only the range of the high-beam, but also its pattern.
The beam pattern changes its direction continually so that vehicles in front are not being illuminated, while the area surrounding them is being constantly illuminated at high beam intensity.
The vehicle was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, and later at the 2010 New York International Auto Show and 2010 Guangzhou Auto Show.
It includes a 2.5-litre twin-turbocharged TDI engine rated at , a 5-speed sequential gearbox with a ZF-Sachs three-plate ceramic clutch, a steel spaceframe chassis and BF Goodrich 235/85 R16 tyres.
The Touareg X is a limited (1000 units) version of the 2014 Touareg TDI Clean Diesel Lux (240PS) with 4MOTION all-wheel-drive system for the US market, commemorating the 10th anniversary of the Volkswagen Touareg.
The third generation Touareg will use the Volkswagen Group MLB platform like its corporate siblings, the Porsche Cayenne and Audi Q7.
VW has discontinued the Touareg for sale in the United States, Canada and Mexico after the 2017 model year onward, based on sales, and on the availability of the larger and less expensive Atlas (Teramont elsewhere) model which was specifically designed for the United States.
VW Touareg TDI entered the 85th running of the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, with V10 TDI Touaregs and a V6 TDI Touareg, driven by Ryan Arciero, Mike Miller and Chris Blais.
Arciero won the race with a time of 13:17:703 and set a new division record for the fastest time with a diesel powered vehicle.
The Race Touareg TDI Trophy Truck completed 41st Annual Tecate SCORE Baja 1000 race with 13th position for Trophy Truck Class.
In the following year, the 2004 Dakar Rally saw the debut rally for the T2 class purpose built Race Touareg by Volkswagen Motorsport.
In the 2006 Dakar Rally, Volkswagen driver Giniel de Villiers and co-driver Tina Thörner claimed second spot the highest ever for a diesel model in the new Race Touareg 2.
For the 2007 Dakar Rally, VW driver Mark Miller and Ralph Pitchford drove the Race Touareg 2 to 4th position overall.
With just two days to go, Carlos Sainz crashed out after dominating the rally for several days, thus preventing Volkswagen from making it a one-two-three result.
A 1/32 slot car model of the Red Bull-sponsored Touareg, which is designed to run on the company's RAID track (which simulates off-road racing), is available from Ninco.
On September 20, 2015 a Touareg V6 TDI driven by Rainer Zietlow, Marius Biela and Sam Roach completed the run of 19,000 km from Cape Agulhas, the southernmost point of Africa, to the North Cape (Nordkapp) of Norway in a world record time of 9 days, 4 hours, 9 minutes and 27 seconds.
For the record run, a stronger suspension was added, larger tires, a roll-cage and extra strong Hella head lights as well as additional tanks for a total range of .
It is said that when the frost covers the lawns of Baltimore just across the bay, the grass remains unfrosted on the island.
Sherkin once had a population of around 1,000, which started to decline during the Great Irish Famine in the mid-19th century.
Now the population is reduced and varies between the summer and the winter months, with increases in summer as people return to holiday houses and tourists arrive.
The population of Sherkin include artists, writers, craft workers, musicians, photographers, beekeepers, cattle farmers, mussel and oyster farmers, oceanologists, fishermen, sailors, teachers and doctors.
These two buildings were heavily damaged in 1537 when citizens of Waterford invaded the island after a dispute over a seized and plundered ship.
The island is a tourist destination and it typically takes between 10 and 15 minutes to get to Sherkin from Baltimore.
Because the island has no local refuse disposal facilities, campers and picnickers are encouraged to bring minimum packaging and take any litter back to the mainland or recycle cans and bottles on Sherkin Pier.
The busiest day of the year coincides with the Sherkin Regatta festival, a rowing regatta usually held in late July or early August.
Founded in 1975, it is mainly involved in gathering baseline marine data, and also produces a number of reports, books and the quarterly 'Sherkin Comment' journal.
Voice of the Faithful (VOTF), a movement of practicing Catholics, founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 2002 in the wake of allegations regarding child abuse by Catholic clergy, perceived mishandling of cases of known or suspected abuse; and pastoral failures of Catholic bishops in response to abusers and abuse survivors alike.
VOTF began when a small group of parishioners met in the basement of St. John the Evangelist Church in Wellesley, Massachusetts, to pray over allegations that priests in the Archdiocese of Boston had abused local youngsters.
At its first conference in July 2002, VOTF attracted more than 4,000 lay Catholics, victims of clergy sexual abuse, theologians, priests, and religious from around the United States.
Less than a year after its founding, VOTF had grown to 30,000 members worldwide, and it continues to be a voice for its thousands of members.
Voice of the Faithful members were among the protesters who gathered each Sunday at the height of the crisis in the predominantly Hispanic community that is home to the Cathedral of the Holy Cross.
Three years after Voice of the Faithful formed to protest the transfers of abusive priests within the Boston Archdiocese, the movement focused on charting a more relevant strategy as a network of affiliates eager to engage bishops.
The statistics on the phenomenon of violence against children are shocking, but they also show clearly that the great majority of the abuses come from the family environment and from people who are close.
On March 19, members of VOTF joined with SNAP (Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests) demonstrated outside the Bridgeport, Connecticut Catholic Center, calling on Caggiano to hire an outside firm to investigate allegations against two priests.
Among VOTF's goals are: supporting clergy abuse survivors; supporting priests who are helping to heal survivors and correct institutional flaws in the Church; and working to reform governing structures in the Church so that abuse of authority could not happen again.
Clear Island or Cape Clear Island (officially known by its Irish name: Cléire, and sometimes also called Oileán Chléire) lies south-west of County Cork in Ireland.
The island is divided into east and west halves by an isthmus called the Waist, with North Harbour to landward and South Harbour on the seaward side.
Archaeological sites on the island include a prehistoric cup-marked stone (moved to the island's museum), a fulacht fiadh at Gort na Lobhar, a neolithic passage tomb at Cill Leire Forabhain, several standing stones around the island, a promontory fort at Dún an Óir, and a signal tower dating from the Napoleonic Wars.
The island also has a number of early Christian sites, and is reputed to be the birthplace of Saint Ciarán of Saigir.
The island had a population of over 1,052 before the 19th century famine, and the population of Cape Clear is currently less than one-eighth that figure.
Cape Clear was originally supplied with electricity produced by diesel generators on the island, but circa 1995 these were replaced with a submarine power cable.
The island is officially identified as a Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) area, and according to a 2007 report there were 127 people over the age of 3 living on the island, of whom 62 (48.8%) spoke Irish daily outside the education system.
Seals, basking sharks and dolphins are found in the surrounding water, while sea pinks and honeysuckle are common plants on the land.
Cape Clear is popular with bird watchers and at times of the year is home to many species of migratory birds which are attracted to its climate, which is milder than the mainland.
The island is separated from the mainland by a narrow stretch of water, Dursey Sound, which has a very strong tidal race, with the submerged Flag Rock close to the centre of the channel.
Prehistoric sites have been surveyed on the island, including examples of bullaun and cup-marked stones in Ballynacallagh, a prehistoric hut site at Killowen, and a radial stone enclosure at Maughanaclea.
Philip O'Sullivan Beare documents that all of the occupants of the castle were killed by the English in the Dursey Massacre.
The 300 islanders were killed; Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare gathered his people from across Cork and set off to take shelter with the O'Rourkes of Leitrim.
Dursey Island's Beara Way walk marks the beginning of Europe's E8 European long distance path, which crosses Europe, ending in Istanbul, Turkey.
Spanning Dursey Sound, the aerial tramway is Ireland's only cable car, and one of the few cable cars that cross the sea in Europe.
Designed by Italian Giovanni Battista Cairati, it was built between 1593 and 1596, by order of King Philip I of Portugal, to guard the Old Port of Mombasa.
Fort Jesus was the only fort maintained by the Portuguese on the Swahili Coast, and is recognised as a testament to the first successful attempt by a Western power to establish influence over the Indian Ocean trade.
Although the design of Fort Jesus is an example of Renaissance architecture, the masonry techniques, building materials and labour are believed to have been provided by the local Swahili people.
The fort was built in the shape of a man (viewed from the air) and is roughly square, with four bulwarks at its corners.
Fort Jesus was captured and recaptured at least nine times between 1631, when the Portuguese lost it to the Sultan Yusuf ibn al-Hasan of Mombasa, and 1895 when it fell under British rule and was converted into a prison.
After the Portuguese recaptured it from the Sultan in 1632, they refurbished it and built more fortifications, subsequently making it harder for the fort to fall.
The capture of the fort marked the end of Portuguese presence on the coast, although they briefly captured and re-occupied it between 1728 and 1729 with the help of the Swahili city-states.
The fort fell under local rule from 1741 to 1837, when it was again captured by the Omanis and used as a barracks, before its occupation by the British in 1895, after the declaration of the Protectorate of Kenya.
Fort Jesus was declared a national park in 1958, and in 2011, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and highlighted as one of the most outstanding and well-preserved examples of 16th-century Portuguese military fortifications.
Today, it is one of the finest examples of 16th-century Portuguese military architecture, which has been influenced and changed by both the Omani Arabs and the British.
The fort quickly became a vital possession for anyone with the intention of controlling Mombasa Island or the surrounding areas of trade.
When the British colonized Kenya, they used it as a prison, until 1958, when they converted it into a historical monument.
James Kirkman was then assigned to excavate the monument, which he did (with a large use of external historical documents) from 1958 to 1971.
The architecture of the fort represents the rough outline of a person lying on their back, with the head towards the sea.
The original Portuguese fort had a height of 15 meters, but the Oman Arabs added 3 meters upon capturing the fort.
The fort combines Portuguese, Arab, and British elements (these being the major powers that held it at different times in history).
The Portuguese cannons had a range of 200 meters and are longer than the British cannons which had a range of 300 meters.
The Muslim tradition of five pillars is also portrayed throughout the fort, with a former meeting hall supported by five stone pillars to the ceiling.
Some of the historical structures still standing in the fort include Oman House, which was the house for Sultan who governed the East African coast.
Others are an open water cistern by the Portuguese for harvesting rain water, and a 76-foot deep well sunk by the Arabs (but its water was too salty to be used for anything but washing).
As well as a tourist destination, the Fort is important as a host for numerous research programs, a Conservation Lab, an Education Department, and an Old Town Conservation Office.
A delimiter is a sequence of one or more characters for specifying the boundary between separate, independent regions in plain text or other data streams.
Another example of a delimiter is the time gap used to separate letters and words in the transmission of Morse code.
Declarative notation, for example, is an alternate method that uses a length field at the start of a data stream to specify the number of characters that the data stream contains.
Bracket delimiters, also called block delimiters, region delimiters, or balanced delimiters, mark both the start and end of a region of text.
Delimiter collision is a problem that occurs when an author or programmer introduces delimiters into text without actually intending them to be interpreted as boundaries between separate regions.
In most file types there is both a field delimiter and a record delimiter, both of which are subject to collision.
Malicious users can take advantage of delimiter collision in languages such as SQL and HTML to deploy such well-known attacks as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, respectively.
Some authors may attempt to avoid the problem by choosing a delimiter character (or sequence of characters) that is not likely to appear in the data stream itself.
The ASCII and Unicode character sets were designed to solve this problem by the provision of non-printing characters that can be used as delimiters.
The use of ASCII 31 Unit separator as a field separator and ASCII 30 Record separator solves the problem of both field and record delimiters that appear in a text data stream.
Escape sequences are similar to escape characters, except they usually consist of some kind of mnemonic instead of just a single character.
One drawback of escape sequences, when used by people, is the need to memorize the codes that represent individual characters (see also: character entity reference, numeric character reference).
It works by allowing the author to specify a sequence of characters that is guaranteed to always indicate a boundary between parts in a multi-part message, with no other possible interpretation.
Some programming and computer languages allow the use of whitespace delimiters or indentation as a means of specifying boundaries between independent regions in text.
In specifying a regular expression, alternate delimiters may also be used to simplify the syntax for match and substitution operations in Perl.
A here document starts by describing what the end sequence will be and continues until that sequence is seen at the start of a new line.
This technique is contrasted from the other approaches described above because it is more complicated, and therefore not suitable for small applications and simple data storage formats.
The technique employs a special encoding scheme, such as base64, to ensure that delimiter or other significant characters do not appear in transmitted data.
This prevents delimiter collision and ensures that incompatible characters will not appear inside the HTML code, regardless of what characters appear in the original (decoded) text.
When all bank notes became convertible to gold or silver in 1880, the bank converted from a gold national bank and changed its name to the First National Bank of San Jose, California.
In 1995, First Hawaiian Bank established Pacific One Bank to hold 30 branches in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho that it acquired from West One Bank when that bank was acquired by U.S. Bancorp and had to divest certain assets, due to the number of preexisting branches of U.S. Bank in the region.
Three years later, in 1998, BNP and First Hawaiian Inc., the parent of First Hawaiian Bank and Pacific One Bank, created a company under the BancWest Bancorp name to hold Bank of the West and First Hawaiian Bank, with Bank of the West absorbing Pacific One.
In 2001, as part of the regulatory approval process with Wells Fargo Banks's acquisition of First Security Corp., Bank of the West acquired 23 First Security branches in New Mexico and seven First Security branches in Nevada to avoid antitrust issues with overlapping Wells Fargo operations.
In May 2001, the independent directors of BancWest Bancorp established a special committee that then unanimously voted to accept BNP's offer to acquire the remaining 55% of BancWest Bancorp, making the holding company a wholly owned subsidiary of BNP.
The year 2001 concluded with the December purchase by Bank of the West of United California Bank from Japan's UFJ Bank.
In March 2004, Bank of the West announced the purchase of Community First Bankshares, a bank holding company that operated Community First National Bank, headquartered in Fargo, North Dakota, which had 155 offices in 12 states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
In January 2006, Bank of the West opened a representative office in Tokyo, Japan, and in September 2007, it opened a representative office in Taipei, Taiwan.
He was originally performed by Jim Henson and Frank Oz simultaneously, with Henson performing the head and voice and Oz performing the character's live hands.
He was one of the few Muppets to employ an actual puppeteer's visible hands, which extended from the ends of his sleeves and facilitated handling food and utensils.
And he would drive to work trying to make a chicken sandwich in Mock Swedish or make a turkey casserole in Mock Swedish.
A younger version of the Swedish Chef appeared on the Disney Jr. series Muppet Babies where he was referred to simply as Chef.
The Swedish Chef has also appeared in a 2013 This is Sportscenter commercial with Robert Flores, Henrik Lundqvist, Steve Levy, and Linda Cohn.
It was formed through the merger of Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas in 2000, but has a corporate identity stretching back to its first foundation in 1848 as a national bank.
The group is listed on the first market of Euronext Paris and a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, while it also included in the French CAC 40 index.
Its retail banking networks serve more than 30 million customers in its three domestic markets, France, Belgium and Italy through several brands such as BNL and Fortis.
As an investment bank and international financial services provider for corporate and institutional clients, it is present across Europe, the Americas, and Asia.
Despite some legal difficulties in the United States in 2014, including being fined the largest ever sum as reparation for violating US sanctions, it remains one of the ten largest banks worldwide.
The Banque Nationale de Paris S.A. (BNP) resulted from a merger of two French banks – Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI) and Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP) – in 1966.
On 7 March 1848, the French Provisional Government founded the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP) in response to the financial shock caused by the revolution of February 1848.
The upheaval destroyed the old credit system, which was already struggling to provide sufficient capital to meet the demands of the railway boom and the resulting growth of industry.
The CEP grew steadily in France and overseas, although in 1889 there was a crisis in which it was temporarily placed in receivership.
Separately, on 18 April 1932, the French government replaced Banque nationale de crédit (BNC), which failed as a result of the 1930s recession, with the new bank Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI).
A law passed on 2 December 1945 and which went into effect on 1 January 1946 nationalized the four leading French retail banks: Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI), Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP), Crédit Lyonnais, and Société Générale.
In 1966, the French government decided to merge Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris with Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie to create one new bank called Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP).
The bank was re-privatised in 1993 under the leadership of Michel Pébereau as part of a second Chirac government's privatization policy.
During the period 1872 to 1913, it was involved in raising funds for the French and other governments as well as big businesses through a number of bond issues.
It helped the French government raise funds during the First World War and raised further capital and expanded into investments into industrial companies during the Great Depression.
After World War II, it missed the nationalisation of the other French banks due to its status as an investment bank and managed to take advantage of that by expanding its operations overseas.
It also directs its activity towards businesses and participates in the development and restructuring of French industry, including names such as Groupe Bull and Thomson-CSF.
The bank was nationalized in 1982 by the government of Pierre Mauroy under François Mitterrand as part of a law that nationalized five major industrial companies, thirty-nine registered banks, and two financial companies, Suez and Paribas.
In 1999, BNP and Société Générale fought a complex battle on the stock market, with Société Générale bidding for Paribas and BNP bidding for Société Générale and counter-bidding for Paribas.
BNP's bid for Société Générale failed, while its bid for Paribas succeeded leading to a merger of BNP and Paribas one year later on 23 May 2000.
On 9 August 2007, BNP Paribas became the first major financial group to acknowledge the impact of the sub-prime crisis by closing two funds exposed to it.
This day is now generally seen as the start of the credit crisis and the bank's quick reaction saved it from the fate of other large European banks such as UBS.
On 6 October 2008, BNP took over 75% of troubled bank Fortis' activities in Belgium, and 66% in Luxembourg, in exchange for the Belgian government becoming the new group's major shareholder.
On 11 February, Fortis' shareholders decided that Fortis Bank Belgium and Fortis Insurance Belgium should not become property of BNP Paribas.
After this only Fortis Insurance International was left in Fortis Holding and this was renamed as Ageas, a business that had Insurance all over Europe and Asia.
The remaining Fortis Bank Netherlands was in the hands of the Dutch Government which merged it with other ABN AMRO holdings it already owned under the name ABN AMRO.
In May 2009, BNP Paribas became the majority shareholder (65.96%) of BGL (formerly Fortis Bank Luxembourg), the State of Luxembourg retaining 34% making BNP the eurozone's largest bank by deposits held.
On 21 September, the bank's registered name was changed to BGL BNP Paribas and in February 2010, BGL BNP Paribas became the 100% owner of BNP Paribas Luxembourg.
The transfer was finalised on 1 October 2010 with the incorporation of BNP Paribas Luxembourg's business in the operational platforms of BGL BNP Paribas.
In September 2014, BNP completed the purchase of BGZ Bank for a final fee stated in the media to be $1.3 billion.
In June 2014, BNP Paribas pleaded guilty to falsifying business records and conspiracy, having violated U.S. sanctions against Cuba, Iran, and Sudan.
Retail Banking & Services, a global network of nearly 7,000 branches, comprising Domestic Markets and International Financial Services, and Corporate & Institutional Banking (CIB).
Its operations are concentrated in Europe, especially in the group's three domestic markets of France, Italy (where it operates as Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL)), and Belgium (as BNP Paribas Fortis).
It employs over 189,000 people, according to the bank as of 31 December 2015, of which 147,000 work in Europe, and maintains a presence in 75 countries.
In the United States, BNP Paribas owns BancWest, which in turn operates retail banking subsidiaries Bank of the West and previously operated First Hawaiian Bank.
Bank of the West operates in 19 Western US states (where it ranks as the 7th largest foreign bank by assets), while First Hawaiian is Hawaii's leading bank with a 40% market share in deposits.
The two banks were merged into BancWest in 1998, and BNP Paribas took full control of the combined entity in 2001.
The group has a strong presence on niche markets such as lending for marine and recreational vehicles, church lending, and agribusiness.
In 2009 BancWest had €2.1 billion in revenues (5.2% of the total group's), and 11,200 employees (5.5% of the total group's headcount).
BancWest lost €223 million in 2009 largely due to its exposure in the subprime mortgage crisis in California, Arizona, and Nevada.
This change was made because after the integration of Fortis Bank's Polish and Turkish subsidiaries, BNP Paribas's emerging market activities are now heavily concentrated in Eastern Europe and the southern half of the Mediterranean basin.
BNP Paribas is a member of the Global ATM Alliance, a joint venture of several major international banks that allows customers of the banks to use their ATM card or check card at another bank within the Global ATM Alliance with no ATM surcharges when traveling internationally.
Other participating banks are Barclays (United Kingdom), Bank of America (United States), China Construction Bank (China), Deutsche Bank (Germany), Santander Serfin (Mexico), Ukrsibbank (Ukraine), Scotiabank (Canada) and Westpac (Australia and New Zealand).
In addition to its retail activities, BNP Paribas is also a leading global investment bank through its Corporate & Institutional Banking unit.
Although present in all investment banking markets, it is recognized as a global leader in derivatives trading, structured finance, and project finance.
On 11 June 2008, BNP Paribas formally signed an agreement to purchase the Prime Brokerage Services division of Bank of America Securities.
On 23 September 2005, BNP Paribas was set to take a 20 percent stake in China's Nanjing City Commercial Bank, a Chinese official and state press reports said.
The International Financial Corporation, the investment arm of the World Bank, already owns 15 percent of Nanjing City Commercial Bank, which has regulatory approval to list on the country's domestic stock markets.
The film portrayed Adolf Hitler as the CEO of Deutsche Bank, one of BNP's competitors and the Nazi soldiers around him as Deutsche Bank executives.
On 19 January 2011 BNP sued Russian grain trader, OOO Rosinteragroservis, and its subsidiary OAO Kubankhlebprodukt, claiming US$20 million in debts and penalties.
The Justice Department sought a fine of more than US $10 billion, which was expected to be reduced to $8 or $9 billion in negotiations.
On 1 July 2014, BNP Paribas pled guilty in a New York state court to falsifying business records as well as conspiracy in connection to those falsifications.
It agreed to pay $8.9 billion, the largest fine ever for violating U.S. sanctions, and substantially more than the previous record of $1.9 billion.
The fine exceeded the bank's $6.4 billion 2013 annual income and the $1.1 billion it previously had allocated for the anticipated fine.
The bank's failure to cooperate with the multi-year investigation was given as a significant factor in the size of the fine.
Standard & Poor's said it was reviewing the bank's financial standing in light of the fine and penalties for a possible downgrade.
Russian president Vladimir Putin alleged without providing any supporting evidence that the US government was using the case to punish France for selling Mistral amphibious assault ships to Russia.
He said the large fine and the imposition of sanctions on the French bank were the result of US displeasure with France's decision not to stop the sale.
Former European Central Bank president Jean-Claude Trichet had previously said that a large fine was neither fair nor proportionate to the violations and could disrupt the global banking system.
The German FAZ, FOCUS, Bloomberg and the French Les Echos newspaper published an article regarding a 152 Million EUR mistrade (erroneous trade) in which BNP Paribas Arbitrage was allegedly involved.
The bank has sold securities for 326,400 EUR to the investor Armin S. but the value of the securities is 163 Million EUR according to the bank.
The lawyer of Armin S., Mario Bögelein stated in the article that a bank not recognizing an error of this magnitude should not be protected by law.
They cite internal documents that show it did not book all trades that happened in structured products in Germany from 2 December 2015 to 9 December 2015.
In 1973 it became the major sponsor of the French Open, one of the four prestigious Grand Slam tournaments in the sport.
The company's sponsorship expanded to the United States in 2009 when it became the title sponsor of the Indian Wells Masters, an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 two-week tournament in California.
It also sponsored the BNP Paribas Showdown and BNP Paribas Tennis Classic exhibition tournaments held in New York City and London respectively.
Under the aegis of the Fondation de France, the BNP Paribas Foundation has been engaged in corporate philanthropy for more than 30 years.
The Foundation has supported since 1984, more than 300 cultural projects, 40 programmes on research, and a thousand social & educational initiatives in France and worldwide.
In 2015, Standard Ethics Aei gave a Sustainability Rating to BNP Paribas (EE+) in order to include it in its Standard Ethics French Index.
The policy was later adopted by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, and contrasted with the London and North Western Railway's policy.
Prior to around 1900 the Midland's locomotives were not noticeably different in size or power to those of other British railway companies; what was more notable was the company's commitment to standardisation of a small number of related locomotive designs.
By 1914 the entire Midland network was being operated by six basic engine designs: a Class 1 0-6-0 tank engine for light freight and shunting, Class 1 0-4-4 tank engine for light passenger work, Class 2 4-4-0 engine for general passenger work, Class 3 0-6-0 engines in tank and tender variants for mixed traffic and freight, and Class 4 4-4-0 for express passenger work.
All the Midland designs were built to the same basic design principles and a 'kit' of parts meaning that many parts such as boilers, cylinders, wheels, cabs and bearings were interchangeable across some or all of the six types.
During the 1890s a new phase in British locomotive development began with the arrival of 'large engine' designs to cope with rising average train weights for both passenger and freight traffic and demand for faster journey times.
This new generation of engines featured much larger, more efficient boilers and were physically larger, heavier and more powerful than the locomotives commonly built in the preceeding 40 years.
During the 1900s many British railways began introducing new locomotive designs, with the 4-6-0 becoming predominant for express passenger work, the 0-8-0 for heavy freight trains and the 2-6-0 for fast freight and mixed traffic.
Unusually amongst the large British railways, the Midland chose not to develop its own 'large engines' - when such designs were proposed by both Johnson and Deeley, they were rejected by the railway's management.
Instead the Midland chose to continue production of its existing locomotive designs largely unchanged and thus adopted the 'small engine policy' for the 20th century.
The Midland was blessed, in that George Stephenson had built its main lines with very shallow gradients while its main rival the LNWR had to cope with the hilly country north of Lancaster.
Each engine was cheaper to build and run than a larger equivalent and while more locomotives were required, the Midland's Derby Works was able to achieve economies of scale.
The Midland found that on the majority of its well-graded lines a single small engine was sufficient, and that it was more efficient to add either more trains of a shorter length to handle greater demand or to employ multiple small engines (two or three) when heavier trains were needed.
This was deemed preferable to building a small number of large engines for the routes and duties that required them which did not fit into Derby's standardised production and risked being underutilised and incurring expensive running costs unnecessarily.
Indeed, the Midland's operations were often based around keeping even its small engines lightly loaded at a time when other railways were not only building larger, more powerful locomotives but working them to their maximum capacity with the heaviest trains possible.
The Midland's philosophy was to keep individual train weights as low as was practically possible and run more trains, providing short-term economies in fuel consumption and wear-and-tear on the locomotive, which in the long term this meant that Midland locomotives generally enjoyed longer service lives than hard-worked contemporaries on other railways.
This was one reason why the relatively undersized standard Midland axle bearing was successfully retained for so long into the 20th century - under Midland operating practices the loads imposed on the bearing by a low-powered locomotive working well within its capabilities was minimised.
In turn this acted against the widespread adoption of larger, heavier engines as this would require a simultaneous large-scale civil engineering programme to improve the Midland's permanent way and associated structures.
Similarly, the Midland was unusual among British railways by continuing to favour roundhouses to stable and service its locomotives instead of the more common longitudinal shed.
While a shed could be relatively easy expanded and lengthened to accommodate larger locomotives, the roundhouses could not, further adding a secondary cost to adopting large engines.
Another such factor was that decades of running light, short trains meant that the Midland's network featured shorter-than-average sidings and passing loops - if more powerful locomotives were to be procured and used to the full, these would have to be rebuilt to work with longer trains.
The small engine policy served the Midland well when its network was confined to the English Midlands, which is largely free of steep gradients.
The company's own main line to Scotland (the Settle-Carlisle Line) and the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (where the Midland was responsible for providing locomotives) were renowned for their steep gradients and the company's locomotive stock proved badly suited to the task.
The policy also greatly reduced capacity on the Midland's network as not only were there more (but smaller) trains than there would have been on another railway but further capacity was taken up by the need to accommodate light engines that had been used for piloting or banking duties that were returning to their depots.
The small engine policy was a contributing factor to two fatal accidents on the Settle-Carlisle Line, at Hawes Junction and Ais Gill.
In the former case it was due to excessive light-engine movements and in the latter due to a train stalling on the main line due to a lack of power.
The small engine policy remained in place into the 1920s and remained an influence during the early years of the Midland's successor the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, its Chief Mechanical Engineer for most of the 1920s being Henry Fowler, a long-standing Midland engineer and former CME of that company.
Many of these types proved ill-suited or inadequate for routes and operating practices away from ex-Midland territory - while ex-Midland locomotives were imposed on the new LMS, the operational practices that went with them were not, on top of still-rising demands with regard to train speeds and weights.
This left Midland-designed 'small engines' being worked to the full on heavy trains by crews used to working their engines as hard as possible.
Under these conditions many of the designs proved inadequate in terms of both performance and reliability (such as the frequent axle bearing failures afflicting many ex-Midland LMS engines in the 1920s) and this left the LMS with a shortage of modern motive power by the late 1920s.
Fowler designed the Royal Scot class locomotives in 1927, which effectively ended the Midland small engine tradition and he was replaced by William Stanier in 1932 who brought in a new generation of modern 'large engine' designs, greatly influenced by his previous employer, the Great Western Railway.
New locomotives might take the numbers of old engines, which were placed on the duplicate list and had an A suffix added to their numbers.
In 1907 the whole stock were renumbered in a systematic way, each class in a consecutive sequence, classes being ordered by type (passenger/tank/goods), power and age.
The Midland classified their stock into three classes numbered 1 to 3 with 1 the least powerful and three the most.
Midland formed in 1844 from the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, and took over a number of others including the Leicester and Swannington Railway and the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway.
Initially, the Midland concentrated on maintaining and improving the somewhat varied fleet that it had inherited, with the assistance of The Railway Foundry in Leeds.
In 1912 the Midland bought the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, but this continued to be operated more or less separately.
Portsmouth Football Club is an English professional association football club in Portsmouth, Hampshire, which plays in EFL League One, the third tier of English football.
Portsmouth have also won the FA Cup twice in 1939 and 2008, the FA Charity Shield once in 1949 and the EFL Trophy once in 2019.
Portsmouth have also won the second tier division title once in 2002–03, the third tier division title three times in 1923–24 (South), 1961–62, 1982–83 and the fourth tier division title once in 2016–17.
These, and their more recent wins, make Portsmouth southern England’s most successful club (in terms of cups, honours and titles) outside of London.
Portsmouth have played in European competition for only one season in their history, the 2008–09 UEFA Cup (now UEFA Europa League), a result of winning the 2008 FA Cup Final.
In this period, the club had international footballers including England players Glen Johnson, Jermain Defoe, Peter Crouch, David James and Sol Campbell.
The club's fortunes declined in 2010–13 when the club entered administration twice and were relegated three times, reaching the fourth tier (EFL League Two) and their lowest point since the 1979–80 season.
This made Portsmouth the largest fan-owned football club in England until 3 August 2017, when the PST sold it to The Tornante Company, an investment company owned by former Disney CEO Michael Eisner.
During the last few months of the PST's ownership, Portsmouth were promoted to EFL League One after winning the fourth tier EFL League Two divisional championship title on 6 May 2017 in the final league game of the 2016–17 season.
Portsmouth then became only the fifth English football club to win all four tiers of current English professional football (after Wolves, Burnley, Preston North End and Sheffield United).
In addition, Portsmouth are also one of only two English football clubs to have been champions of five professional divisions including the former regional Football League Third Division South championship in the 1923–24 season.
Wolverhampton Wanderers also share this distinction, having won all four divisions, plus a Football League Third Division North title win, coincidentally in the same 1923–24 season as Portsmouth won the respective South division.
A Blue Plaque on the wall of 12 High Street Portsmouth (Alderman John E. Pink's solicitors' office building) commemorates the founding on 5 April 1898.
In 1899, work began on developing a plot of former agricultural land near Goldsmith Avenue, Milton, Portsmouth into a new football ground, bought in 1898 from the local Goldsmith farming family.
The new football ground was to be named Fratton Park after the nearby and convenient Fratton railway station, with an adjoining railway goods yard located between the two.
A bold and ambitious application for Portsmouth's direct entry into the Southern League First Division, without the usual probationary period in the lower divisions, was accepted, and the club joined the Southern Football League Division One for the 1899–1900 season.
Whittaker also said he was confident that Portsmouth would be elected into the league by the other clubs at the next general meeting of the Southern League, which they were.
Portsmouth's first competitive Southern League match was played away at Chatham Town at Maidstone Road, Chatham on Saturday 2 September 1899, which Portsmouth won 1–0, with Portsmouth's first-ever goal scored by Harold Clarke.
During the match, Portsmouth manager Frank Brettel had sent telegrams of the latest score every fifteen minutes to Fratton Park, where crowds had gathered to hear the latest news.
Four days later, on Wednesday 6 September 1899, the first-ever home match at Fratton Park was played; a friendly against local town rivals Southampton, which Portsmouth won 2–0, with goals from Dan Cunliffe and Harold Clarke.
Portsmouth's first competitive Southern League home match followed on Saturday 9 September, a 2-0 win against Reading, with goals again scored by Clarke and Cunliffe, attended by a crowd of up to 7000 supporters.
Portsmouth's first 1899–1900 season in the Southern Football League Division One was successful, with the club winning 20 out of 28 league matches, earning them the runner-up spot in the table behind champions, Tottenham Hotspur.
In their second 1900–01 Southern Football League Division One season, Portsmouth finished in third place behind second place Bristol City and first place Southampton.
The following 1901–02 season saw Portsmouth player Bob Blyth become Portsmouth's second manager on 1 August 1901, replacing Frank Brettell who had left on 31 May 1901.
A new club pavilion was designed and built by Arthur Cogswell in the south-west corner of Fratton Park, which housed the club offices and player's changing rooms.
In the 1906–07 Southern Football League, Portsmouth ended the season as runners-up for a second time, after Fulham won the title by just two points.
Meanwhile, in the 1906–07 Western Football League, the top Division One was split into equal 'A' and 'B' sections, with a playoff between the two section winners to decide a Division One champion.
The 1906–07 season was highlighted by the visit of Manchester United to Fratton Park in the FA Cup, which generated a record attendance of 24,329.
At the end of the season, all fourteen members of the split 'A' and 'B' sections of Division One resigned from the Western Football League.
With the recruitment of Robert Brown from Sheffield Wednesday, as Portsmouth's fourth manager, the team finished second place in the 1911–12 Southern Football League Division Two behind Merthyr Town and were promoted as runners-up.
For the new 1912–13 Southern Football League season back in Division One, Portsmouth, now under new ownership, wore new home colours of blue shirts, white shorts and black stockings.
The moon and star motif comes from the Portsmouth town (then) coat of arms and are believed to date back as far as the time of Richard I.
Curiously, the star on the original badge featured a star with five points rather than the eight that appear on the town crest.
In 1915, the Fratton End terrace was upgraded to accommodate 8,000 standing supporters and covered with a roof for the first time.
On 6 June 1918, an American army team played a Canadian army team in a baseball match at Fratton Park, with the gate money donated to the British Red Cross.
Following the resumption of matches in the 1919–20 season, Portsmouth won the Southern League championship for the second time (the first occasion being in 1901–02).
John McCartney took over as the fifth manager of Portsmouth on 1 May 1920 from Robert Brown who had left to join Gillingham, also in The Football League.
Southern Football League champions Portsmouth coincidentally began the inaugural 1920–21 season in England's Football League Third Division as founder members and finished 12th that year.
The Third Division South was mainly the continuation of the Third Division of the previous 1920–21 season, while most of the teams in Third Division North were newcomers to the Football League.
Portsmouth's debut season in the 1924–25 Second Division season was a successful one, finishing in fourth place behind Derby County, Manchester United and the division champions, Leicester City.
At the beginning of the 1925–26 Second Division season, a new South Stand was designed by renowned football architect Archibald Leitch and was opened by Football League President John McKenna on 29 August 1925, just before the kickoff against Middlesbrough.
The club continued to perform well in the Second Division, winning promotion to the First Division by finishing runners-up in the 1926–27 Second Division season, gaining a new club record 9–1 Fratton Park home win over Notts County along the way, which is still the highest home win scoring record to date.
Portsmouth's promotion to the top division in English football was a double celebration; the first achieved by a football club based south of London, and the first achieved by a club graduating from the Third Division to the First Division.
fan and South Shields manager Jack Tinn joined Portsmouth as new manager on 1 May 1927, replacing John McCartney who had resigned due to ill health.
The next 1928–29 season in the First Division, Portsmouth continued to falter, losing 10–0 away at Filbert Street to Leicester City, which is still a club record away defeat.
Despite their failings in the Football League, however, that season also saw Portsmouth reach the FA Cup Final for the first time, which they lost to Bolton Wanderers.
The 1933–34 season saw Portsmouth again reach the FA Cup final for a second time, having beaten Manchester United, Bolton Wanderers, Leicester City and Birmingham City on the way.
Halfway through the 1934–35 season, on 23 December 1934, the original 1898 founding director and later Portsmouth chairman, George Lewin Oliver died.
Using money from the June 1934 sale of defender Jimmy Allen and money from the 1934 FA Cup Final, Portsmouth F.C.
announced at Christmas 1934 that Fratton Park's North Stand was to be demolished and replaced with a much larger stand, increasing the ground capacity to more than 58,000.
On 7 September at the beginning of the 1935–36 First Division season, in a home game against Aston Villa, the new North Stand was opened by John McKenna, who had also opened Fratton Park's new South Stand ten years earlier.
Former Portsmouth defender Jimmy Allen, whose sale in 1934 had largely paid for the new North Stand, was present at the game, as captain of the visiting Aston Villa team.
Having established themselves in the top flight, the 1938–39 season saw Portsmouth reach the FA Cup Final for the third time with manager Jack Tinn, who had worn his 'lucky' spats throughout the qualifying rounds.
This was indeed third time lucky, as Portsmouth managed to defeat favourites Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–1 in what the press had dubbed, 'The Gland Final' – a reference to 'monkey gland' testosterone injections – used by both teams (and others) that season.
On Saturday 2 September 1939, all divisions of the Football League played their third and final game of the season, with Blackpool F.C.
These would be the last national Football League fixtures before abandonment following the British declaration of war on Germany on Sunday 3 September 1939.
However, football competitions did take place during the war, with the Football League being split into ten regional mini leagues, with Portsmouth in 'League South'.
The London War Cup was held once again during the 1941–42 season and was intended by its organisers to stand in for the FA Cup, despite the official Football League War Cup competition had been taking place annually since 1939.
Portsmouth progressed to the 1942 London War Cup final at Wembley Stadium, but were beaten by Brentford and finished as runners-up.
During his wartime visits to Portsmouth, Field Marshal Montgomery became interested in Portsmouth Football Club and was made honorary President of Portsmouth F.C.
The end of World War II in 1945 caused Portsmouth to hold the distinction of holding the FA Cup trophy for the longest uninterrupted period of seven years, as the trophy was not presented again until the 1946 FA Cup Final.
Manager Jack Tinn was rumoured to have kept the FA Cup trophy 'safe under his bed' during a part of the war.
Because the navy city of Portsmouth was a primary strategic military target for German Luftwaffe bombing, the FA Cup trophy was routinely moved around the city of Portsmouth for its safety and protection, moving from Fratton Park's boardroom, into bank vaults, back to Fratton Park and around local pubs.
In 1945, the FA Cup trophy was taken around the streets of Portsmouth and proudly shown off at Victory in Europe Day street parties.
FA Cup competition was resumed for the 1945–46 season, but the resumption of the Football League had to wait one more year.
Portsmouth, as a Division One team and as the current FA Cup Champions (from 1939), were drawn to play against Birmingham City in the Third Round stage of the FA Cup competition.
The first of the two-leg tie was played at Birmingham's St. Andrew's stadium on 5 January 1946 and the result was 1–0 in Birmingham City's favour.
(See 1945–46 FA Cup for full results) Sadly, the FA Cup trophy was not to stay with Portsmouth for an eighth consecutive year and was returned to the Football Association in time for the 1946 FA Cup Final, in which Derby County were awarded the trophy.
Portsmouth had capitalised on the footballers called up to serve in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines in the war years and recruited some of them.
On 1 May 1947, legendary manager Jack Tinn left Portsmouth, with Bob Jackson taking over the role on the same day.
The red socks were an idea proposed by Portsmouth's honorary president, Field Marshal Montgomery, who had suggested that Portsmouth should wear red socks to commemorate the sacrifice of British servicemen lost in war.
Red is traditionally the colour of the British Army and also of the Remembrance poppy flower, and so Montgomery's idea was adopted by Portsmouth at the start of the season.
The potential of a rare 'Double' saw Fratton Park attracting average home attendances of 36,000 supporters, and a record attendance of 51,385 in an FA Cup quarter-final match against Derby County on 26 February 1949, which Portsmouth won 2–1.
Portsmouth however, did win one half of the 'Double', securing the First Division title and becoming Football League Champions of England at the end of the 1948–49 season, with Manchester United finishing as runners-up.
Portsmouth's championship-winning team consisted of Ernest Butler, Phil Rookes, Harry Ferrier, Jimmy Scoular, Reg Flewin, Jimmy Dickinson, Peter Harris, Duggie Reid, Ike Clarke, Len Phillips, Jack Froggatt, Jasper Yeuell, Lindy Delapenha, Bert Barlow and Cliff Parker.
Bob Jackson's Portsmouth side beat Aston Villa 5–1 on the last day of the following 1949–50 season, winning the Football League title again for a second consecutive season – on goal difference – as both Portsmouth and runners up Wolverhampton Wanderers finished the season with 53 points each, and only one point ahead of third place Sunderland on 52 points.
Portsmouth are one of only five English teams to have won back-to-back consecutive top-flight League titles since the end of World War II.
In the 1955–56 season, on 22 February 1956, Fratton Park hosted the Football League's first ever floodlit evening game, against Newcastle United, played under floodlights erected on top of the North Stand and South Stand roofs.
The original solid earthbank Fratton End stand was replaced in 1956 with a new stand built from prefabricated concrete and steel.
In the following 1957–58 season, Portsmouth once again escaped relegation on goal difference and finished one place above the relegation zone.
The two old regional Third Divisions (North and South) which had begun in the 1921–22 season were restructured and replaced with two new national divisions, named the Third Division and Fourth Division.
At the end of the 1958–59 season Portsmouth finished bottom of the First Division, ending their 32-year stay in the First Division, and relegation to the Second Division.
Following the bottom-place finish in the previous 1958–59 First Division season, Portsmouth started the 1959–60 season in the Second Division, the second tier of English football, which Portsmouth had last been in during the 1926–27 season.
After another poor season, they escaped a further relegation to the Third Division only by 2 points and finishing only one place above the relegation zone.
In the 1960–61 season Portsmouth finished second-to-last place in the Second Division relegation zone and were relegated once again to the Third Division, (the first former English League champions to do so).
Under the guidance of George Smith, Portsmouth, now in the Third Division for the 1960–61 season had a good season and were promoted back to the Second Division at the first time of asking after winning the Third Division title.
Field-Marshal Bernard 'Monty' Montgomery of Alamein, was the honorary President of Portsmouth, having begun to support them during World War II due to the proximity of his headquarters at Southwick House on the outskirts of Portsmouth.
Despite limited financial means, manager George Smith maintained Portsmouth's Second Division status throughout the rest of the 1960s until Smith was replaced by Ron Tindall in April 1970 as Smith moved upstairs to become general manager in April 1970, until his retirement from football in 1973.
The cash injection that accompanied the arrival of John Deacon as chairman in 1972 failed to improve Portsmouth's Second Division position.
With Deacon unable to continue bankrolling the club on the same scale, Portsmouth finished bottom of the Second Division in the 1975–76 season and were relegated down to the Third Division.
In November of the 1976–77 Third Division season, the club found itself needing to raise £25,000 to pay off debts and so avoid bankruptcy.
With players having to be sold to ease the club's financial situation, and no money available for replacements, Portsmouth were forced to rely on inexperienced young players.
Jimmy Dickinson suffered a heart attack near the end of the season and after the season in May 1979, was replaced by Frank Burrows.
Under Frank Burrows new management, Portsmouth gained promotion back to the Third Division after finishing in 4th place in the 1979–80 season.
During the 1982–83 Third Division season, former Portsmouth player, manager and England international Jimmy Dickinson died aged 57 on 8 November 1982 after suffering three heart attacks.
After the season, Bobby Campbell was replaced by former England international and 1966 FIFA World Cup winner, Alan Ball on 11 May 1984.
Under Ball, Portsmouth's results markedly improved and they narrowly missed winning promotion to the First Division in the 1984–85 Second Division season, finishing in 4th place on goal difference.
In Ball's third season as Portsmouth manager in the 1986–87 Second Division season, Portsmouth finished as runners-up behind Derby County, gaining promotion back to the First Division for the first time since the 1958–59 season.
During the season, the upper tier of the Fratton End stand, built only thirty years earlier in 1956, was closed due to structural concerns, leaving only the lower tier of the Fratton End open to fans.
The summer of 1988 saw chairman John Deacon sell the club to London-based businessman and former Queens Park Rangers chairman, Jim Gregory.
Fratton Park was in a poor condition, with the Fratton End still half closed to fans and leaking roofs in the North and South stands.
With new chairman Jim Gregory injecting money into the club, work began in the summer of 1988 to demolish the upper tier of the Fratton End and its roof.
After a single disappointing season in the First Division, Portsmouth were relegated back to the Second Division for the 1988–89 season.
The entire Fratton End stand was closed during most of the season during demolition works, with only the lower tier of the stand reopening in the springtime of 1989.
Following the 15 April 1989 Hillsborough Disaster, Portsmouth removed the perimeter fences from Fratton Park for the new 1989–90 season, except at the Milton End to separate away supporters.
Jim Smith's arrival as manager at the start of the 1991–92 season sparked a revival in the team's fortunes and that year Portsmouth reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup, meeting Liverpool at neutral ground Highbury on 5 April 1992 – the 94th Anniversary of Portsmouth Football Club.
Portsmouth then lost 1–3 on penalties to Liverpool, who went on to meet Sunderland in the 1992 FA Cup Final, which Liverpool won 2–0.
In the subsequent promotion play-offs, Portsmouth lost 3–2 on aggregate over two games to Leicester City in the play-off semi-finals for the third promotion place.
During the 1993–94 season under manager Jim Smith, Portsmouth finished 17th out of 24 in the First Division, winning 15 matches, drawing 13 and losing 18.
The team reached the quarterfinals of the League Cup and the third round of the FA Cup, in both cases being knocked out after replays.
In the 1995–96 season Fenwick's first full season in charge of Portsmouth, relegation to the Second Division was avoided on the last day of the season (on goal difference) when Portsmouth won away at Huddersfield Town while other results went the club's way.
Fratton Park was transformed into an all-seat stadium, with new blue plastic seats fitted to the lower North terrace, Milton End, lower South terrace paddocks and also to the remnant of the Fratton End terrace.
In the 1996–97 league campaign, Portsmouth finished just short of the qualifying places for the playoffs for promotion to the Premier League.
Terry Venables took over as chairman in February 1997 after buying a 51 per cent controlling share in the club for £1.
The team enjoyed a run in the 1996–97 FA Cup competition, beating FA Premier League side Leeds United on 15 February 1997, but were eventually beaten 1–4 by Chelsea F.C.
At the end of the 1996–97 season, the Fratton End was fully demolished in the summer (of 1997) and work began to build a new Fratton End stand.
In addition, a new roof extension was built over the lower tier of the North Stand and was completed before the new season started.
At 4.59pm on Friday 31 October 1997, the new £2.2 million Fratton End was officially cleared for its opening, with one minute to spare before a 5 pm deadline.
As a mark of respect to the club's former player and manager, a memorial portrait of Jimmy Dickinson was incorporated into the seating of the new Fratton End stand, along with the club's crest.
Two-thirds of the way through the 1997–98 season, he and manager Terry Fenwick left the club, with Portsmouth on the bottom of the table, and Venables selling his shareholding back to Martin Gregory, son of former chairman Jim Gregory.
Serbian-born US businessman Milan Mandarić saved the club with a takeover deal in May 1999, and the new chairman immediately started investing for the new 1999–2000 season.
Alan Ball was sacked on 9 December 1999 during the 1999–2000 season with the club near the bottom of the table.
Portsmouth escaped relegation on the last day of the 2000–01 season when they won their final game and Huddersfield Town lost theirs, keeping Portsmouth up at their expense.
A week before the new season began, 25-year-old Portsmouth goalkeeper Aaron Flahavan was killed in a car crash near Bournemouth on 5 August 2001.
Portsmouth signed veteran Croatian playmaker Robert Prosinečki on a one-year deal and Peter Crouch for the start of the 2001–02 season.
Former Portsmouth manager Jim Smith was asked to team up with Redknapp, and while he initially turned the offer down to remain as assistant at Coventry City, he soon arrived at Portsmouth after a change of manager at Coventry saw almost all of the club's coaching staff being dismissed.
In the 2002–03 season, Portsmouth led the First Division for most of the season, with Svetoslav Todorov scoring 26 league goals, which made him the First Division's top scorer at the end of the season.
Portsmouth finished top as First Division champions on 27 April 2003, six points clear of second-placed Leicester City, gaining promotion (with a game to spare) to the FA Premier League, returning to the top tier of English football after an absence of fifteen seasons.
Portsmouth were awarded the Football League First Division Championship trophy for a third time, as the former Football League championship trophy had been demoted in status in 1992–93 (because of the creation of the FA Premier League) and had become the second tier trophy.
Portsmouth goalkeeper Shaka Hislop, midfielders Matthew Taylor and Paul Merson earned places in the 2002–03 Division One PFA Team of the Year award.
Almost halfway through the following 2004–05 season in the Premiership, Harry Redknapp unexpectedly walked out on Portsmouth on 24 November 2004 after a row with chairman Milan Mandarić over the appointment of new Director of Football Velimir Zajec at the club.
Perrin managed to secure Portsmouth's Premiership status with a few games of the season left, including a South Coast Derby 4–1 win over Harry Redknapp's Southampton side, who were eventually relegated at the end of the season.
During the 2005–06 season and after achieving only four wins from a total of 20 games as Portsmouth manager, Alain Perrin was sacked on 24 November 2005, exactly one year to the day since Harry Redknapp left Portsmouth.
New signings included a quartet from Tottenham Hotspur, then record signing Benjani and Argentine international Andrés D'Alessandro on loan from VfL Wolfsburg.
With large amounts of money available for Redknapp to make record signings, the club finished the 2006–07 season in the top half of the table for the first time, in ninth position, only one point short of European qualification.
The following 2007–08 season saw Portsmouth finish eighth in the Premier League and reach the FA Cup final for the first time since 1939.
They eliminated Manchester United at Old Trafford in the quarter-finals, and on 5 April 2008, Portsmouth beat Championship side West Bromwich Albion 1–0 at Wembley Stadium in the semi-finals, coincidentally the same day that the club celebrated its 110th birthday.
On 17 May 2008, Portsmouth played Cardiff City in the second FA Cup final to be played at the newly rebuilt Wembley Stadium.
The FA Cup win had also earned Portsmouth a place in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup, the club's first time playing European football.
On 25 October 2008, Redknapp suddenly left Portsmouth for a second time, leaving his assistant Tony Adams to be promoted to the managerial role.
On 27 November 2008, Portsmouth drew 2–2 with Milan, going 2–0 up through goals from Younès Kaboul and Nwankwo Kanu, but conceding two goals later in the game.
Youth team coach Paul Hart took over as manager until the end of the season, and Portsmouth were guaranteed Premier League safety on 16 May 2009.
Because of the financial problems suffered by the club, Portsmouth were forced to sell several of their top players and high earners, including Peter Crouch, Sylvain Distin, Glen Johnson and Niko Kranjčar.
On 19 August 2009, Portsmouth announced on their website that a rival consortium headed by current CEO Peter Storrie had also made a bid for the club; unknown at the time, this was backed by Ali al-Faraj.
Despite this, Al Fahim completed the takeover on 26 August 2009; al Faraj moved to review a takeover of West Ham United.
As the early stages of the 2009–10 season progressed, the finances dried up and the club admitted on 1 October that some of their players and staff had not been paid.
On 3 October, media outlets started to report that a deal was nearing completion for Ali al-Faraj to take control of the club.
On 5 October, a deal was agreed for al-Faraj and his associates, via BVI-registered company Falcondrone, to hold a 90% majority holding, with Al-Fahim retaining 10% stake and the title of non-executive chairman for two years.
Falcondrone also agreed a deal with Alexandre Gaydamak the right to buy, for £1, Miland Development (2004) Ltd., which owns various strategic pockets of land around the ground, once refinancing was complete.
Because of the financial problems, however, the Premier League placed the club under a transfer embargo, meaning the club were not allowed to sign any players.
Avram Grant took over at Portsmouth on 26 November 2009, replacing Hart, who had been sacked by the board two days previously due to the club's position at the bottom of the league table.
In December 2009, it was announced that the club had failed to pay the players for the second consecutive month, and on the 31st it was announced player's wages would again be paid late, on 5 January 2010.
According to common football contracts, the players then had the right to terminate their contracts and leave the club without any compensation for the club, upon giving two weeks' notice.
The only losses inflicted on Portsmouth in this period were by eventual double winners Chelsea and the previous season's champions, Manchester United.
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) filed a winding-up petition against Portsmouth at the High Court of Justice in London on 23 December 2009.
During the 2009–10 season, it had become apparent to the club's new owner Balram Chainrai that Portsmouth were approximately £135 million in debt so to protect the club from liquidation, Chainrai placed the club into administration on 26 February 2010, and the club appointed Andrew Andronikou, Peter Kubik and Michael Kiely of accountancy firm UHY Hacker Young as administrators.
This automatically incurred a nine-point penalty from the Premier League which came into effect on 17 March and consigned the team to almost certain relegation, which was mathematically confirmed on 10 April 2010.
On 9 April 2010, it was announced David Lampitt would be joining Portsmouth as their new CEO after he had worked a period of notice at the FA, his current employer.
Portsmouth were relegated to the EFL Championship (the new Tier 2 level name) the following day on 10 April 2010 after West Ham won.
Portsmouth won their FA Cup semi-final match against Tottenham 2–0 after extra-time the next day, with goals from Frédéric Piquionne and Kevin-Prince Boateng winning the match.
They faced Chelsea in the final at Wembley on 15 May 2010 and lost 1–0 to a goal from Didier Drogba.
Despite being the FA Cup finalists, the club were denied a licence to play European football the following season in the UEFA Europa League.
On 17 June, the club's creditors voted for a company voluntary arrangement (CVA), with an 81.3% majority; HMRC, Paul Hart and the agent of Portsmouth midfielder Tommy Smith were the only ones to reject it, but HMRC appealed against the CVA due to the reduction of its considerable debt.
On 15 July 2010, HMRC appealed against the proposed CVA on the last day before it would be formally agreed, the case was originally going to take place in October 2010, but after an appeal from the administrators at the club it was set for 3 August at the High Court in London.
The case was heard by Mr Justice Mann from 3 to 5 August where, having heard submissions from both sides, he turned down HMRC's appeal on all five counts it had put forward.
HMRC decided not to appeal against the verdict, leaving Portsmouth's administrators to formally agree the CVA and bring the club out of administration.
On 17 August, Balram Chainrai completed his takeover of the club and passed the owners' and directors' fit and proper person test.
Former Notts County manager Steve Cotterill was appointed manager of relegated Portsmouth in the Championship June 2010 on a three-year contract.
It was revealed just hours later that Portsmouth had finally come out of administration, with Balram Chainrai regaining control of the company.
On 14 October 2011, Steve Cotterill agreed a compensation package to be allowed to take the vacant Nottingham Forest manager's position.
On 23 November 2011, a Europe-wide arrest warrant was issued for Portsmouth owner Vladimir Antonov by Lithuanian prosecutors as part of an investigation into alleged asset stripping at Lithuanian bank Bankas Snoras, which was 68% owned by Antonov and had gone into temporary administration the previous week.
On 24 January 2012, Portsmouth were issued with a winding up petition by HMRC for over £1.6 million in unpaid taxes, which was heard on 20 February.
On 17 February 2012, Portsmouth went into administration for the second time in two years, bringing them an automatic 10-point deduction.
On 11 April 2012, reports from administrators PKF revealed that Portsmouth owed £58 million with £38 million being owed to UHY Hacker Young, £10.5 million investment made by Vladimir Antonov's CSI remained outstanding, players were due £3.5 million in wages and bonuses for the last two seasons, while £2.3 million was owed to HMRC and, additionally, £3.7 million was owed for general trade.
On 21 April, Portsmouth were relegated from the Championship after a 2–1 loss to Derby County, the first time in 30 years that the club had played at that level.
The club went on a record winless run of 23 matches, finally ending on 2 March 2013 as Portsmouth won 2–1 away at Crewe Alexandra.
On 10 April 2013, a deal with administrators was reached, although the Pompey Supporters' Trust had not yet finalised the purchase.
In November 2013, Whittingham was sacked and a month later ex-Crawley Town manager Richie Barker was appointed Portsmouth boss, along with Steve Coppell as the director of football.
Barker was sacked after 20 games in charge, with the club in serious danger of relegation to the Football Conference, and Andy Awford was again made caretaker manager.
On a historic announcement on 29 September 2014, the club was able to declare itself debt-free after paying back all creditors and legacy payments to ex-players.
Paul Cook led Portsmouth to an EFL League Two play-off spot in the 2015–16 season after a 2–0 away win at Hartlepool United on 30 April 2016, but lost to Plymouth Argyle in the semi-final.
In the 2016–17 season, Paul Cook's side secured promotion to League One with a 3–1 win away at Notts County on 17 April 2017.
On 6 May, the final match of the season, Portsmouth topped the table (for the first time in the season) following the 6–1 home win against Cheltenham and were crowned champions of League Two.
In May the Pompey Supporters' Trust (PST) voted in favour of a proposed bid by The Tornante Company, headed by former Disney chief executive Michael Eisner, to take over the club which was completed on 3 August 2017.
The 2018–19 EFL League One season began in August with a run of four consecutive league wins and their best league start since 1980–81.
Portsmouth remained undefeated in the 2018–19 EFL League One campaign for eleven consecutive league matches and topped the League One table, before being defeated by Gillingham in the twelfth match.
Portsmouth's regular EFL League One season concluded on 4 May 2019, with the team finishing 4th and qualifying for the League One play-offs.
The second leg was played at Fratton Park on 16 May 2019 and ended 0-0, which meant Portsmouth lost 0-1 overall and missed a Wembley play-off final for promotion to The Championship However, Sunderland also missed promotion to the Championship after being defeated 2-1 by Charlton Athletic in the play-off final at Wembley.
At a year-by-year ceremony, the club holds a day to announce the year's inducted to the list, and also has a dinner for the people present.
The current owner of Portsmouth Community Football Club Limited is The Tornante Company, which purchased the club from the Portsmouth Supporters Trust (PST) on 3 August 2017.
This would be the second season since Portsmouth's 1912 reformation, and their wearing of blue shirts for a second successive season.
Their first season with a crest in 1913–14 would also become the last season before World War I began in 1914.
crest was based on official symbols belonging to the town council of Portsmouth, which featured a golden eight-pointed star and a golden crescent moon.
The football club's first crest featured a horizontally elongated white crescent moon beneath a white five pointed star, with both symbols positioned in the centre of a blue four pointed shield.
Portsmouth town council bestowed the priveleged use (but not ownership) of their moon and star motifs to Portsmouth F.C., albeit with some colour and design changes.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the traditional crest was emblazoned on the shirt in white rather than gold but this was due to white being a cheaper alternative to a more expensive gold coloured thread.
This crest showed a football in front of an anchor (representing the navy) and a sword (representing the army), with the whole design surrounded by an outer ring of ships rope.
The circular rope crest design was replaced in 1989 by an embroidered badge of the city of Portsmouth Coat of Arms.
After only four seasons, the 1989 coat of arms badge was dropped in 1993 and replaced with a simpler eight pointed star and crescent moon on a long narrow shield.
The 1993 crest was replaced in 1997, with an eight pointed gold star and a golden crescent moon on a blue shield edged with a gold outer rim.
The traditional elongated crescent moon was replaced with a new circular one, which closely resembled that on the city's Coat of Arms.
The new crest had its debut in the 2008 FA Cup Final, in which Portsmouth also wore a new 110th Anniversary all-blue commemorative home strip.
As part of the World War I Centennial Commemorations in the 2014–15 season, the club opted to replace the 2008 crest on the home kit with one almost identical to that used in 1913–14.
This was a more traditional-looking club crest featuring the traditional three points at the top of a slightly rounded shield but with a silver five-pointed star inside instead of the usual eight-pointed one.
decided to revert the official club crest back to a familiar and traditional design, over the one introduced in 2008, which was often criticised by Pompey fans for looking too similar to Arsenal F.C.
Portsmouth's new 2015 crest was virtually identical in design to that which has been used for the majority of the club's history.
The star was restored back to the familiar eight pointed design, instead of the five pointed version used in the 1913 and 2014 crests.
No lettering or numbering features on the new club crest, just like that which was used on home shirts the previous 2014–15 season.
On 4 May 2017 at Portsmouth Guildhall, The Tornante Company, owned by Michael Eisner met the Pompey Supporters Trust (PST), the fan-based owners of Portsmouth, to discuss a potential takeover of the football club.
The Tornante Company completed their purchase of Portsmouth on 3 August 2017 after a majority vote from members of the Pompey Supporters Trust to sell.
To rectify the copyright and commercial marketing issues with the current 2015 crest, the decision was taken by the new owners to design and copyright a brand new crest for the future.
Portsmouth's fans were consulted by traditional and digital media during late 2017 and early 2018 with various designs for new crests.
Most of the designs were minor tweaks and adjustments of the existing 2015 crest, just enough to make a new crest design different from that of Portsmouth City Council's coat of Arms.
In their first 1899–1900 season in the Southern League Division One, Portsmouth's first home colours were salmon pink shirts with maroon collars and cuffs, matched with white shorts and black socks.
The collars and cuffs were the same colour as the Corporation of Portsmouth's public trams, which were painted maroon at the time.
The next season, Portsmouth ended the poor 1910–11 season in bottom place and Portsmouth were relegated to Southern League Division Two.
Following relegation, a financial crisis, fund raising, promotion in early 1912 and then another financial crisis, the original Portsmouth company that had been formed in 1898 was 'wound up'.
For the start of the 1912–13 Southern League Division One season, Portsmouth changed their home colours to azure blue shirts, white shorts and black socks.
This was to become Portsmouth's home kit colour combination up until the start of the 1933–34 season, when the shirts were changed to a royal blue.
These colours remained until the start of the 1947–48 season, when the black socks were changed to red; this coinciding with the club's most successful period and has remained the favoured colours for the majority of the time since.
changed their colour combination several times during the 1966–1976 period, before reverting to the now tradition post-war blue shirts, white shorts and red stockings in 1976.
For the club's 110th anniversary season in 2008–09, Portsmouth played in an all blue home kit, which debuted in the previous season's successful 2008 FA Cup Final win.
Portsmouth had predominantly worn black socks since their first match in 1899 up until the end of the post-World War II 1946–47 FA Cup season – in which the Football League had not yet resumed.
During the Second World War and post-war periods, the British Army's Field Marshal Sir Bernard 'Monty' Montgomery had been based at Southwick House, 5 miles to the north of Portsmouth.
Following the suggestion by Montgomery, red socks were introduced by the club as a memorial to soldiers lost in wartime as red is the traditional colour of the British Army and also the colour of the Remembrance poppy.
With the resumption of a full professional Football League season in England in 1947–48, Portsmouth changed their socks from the usual black to red for the start of the 1947–48 season.
This also gave the Portsmouth team a patriotic blue, white and red appearance similar to the United Kingdom's red white and blue Union Flag.
The new red socks also coincided with Portsmouth's most successful period, as the club won two consecutive top-tier division (now 'Premier League') title honours in 1948–49 and 1949–50, so the red socks were retained for good luck.
The most frequent away colours used by Portsmouth have been white shirts with royal or navy blue shorts and either blue or white socks.
Other colours that have appeared several times on Portsmouth change kits have been yellow (usually with blue shorts) and red (often combined with black).
From the 2006–07 season to the 2008–09 season the club have used black with a gold trim as their third choice colours.
The away kit was white with two navy blue vertical lines running the whole way down the side of the shirt, with the badge superimposed on top of them.
The home kit has been the classic red white and blue kit, with plain blue shirt, plain white shorts and plain red socks.
In 2011–12, the away kit was a black shirt, with black shorts and socks; the club also announced a third one, with a divided shirt half-black and half-red; shorts and socks were black.
For 2012–13, the club returned with a white shirt as an away kit, and turned into an orange-type third kit, with black shorts and orange socks.
For 2018–19 season, sportswear manufacturer Nike produced a first-choice away kit of white shirts with a blue v-neck and blue shoulders, trimmed with blue sleeve cuffs.
An all-black third kit was revealed on 13 August 2018, to avoid clashing with other teams such as Bristol Rovers who wear blue and white quartered shirts as their first choice home kit colours.
The third kit had a purple shirt with white shoulder stripe and cuffs, purple shorts with white side stripes, and purple socks.
For the 2008 FA Cup Final victory against Cardiff City, Portsmouth debuted an all blue home kit manufactured by Canterbury and sponsored by Oki Printing Solutions to commemorate the club's 110th Anniversary year.
Portsmouth Football Club are traditionally nicknamed Pompey, a nickname already long associated with the English city of Portsmouth and its Royal Navy base.
One possible theory of the Pompey nickname is the grammatical contraction of the Old Portsmouth location name Portsmouth Point to the shorter Po'm.
The chant originally began at Royal Artillery Portsmouth's home football ground at Burnaby Road, Portsmouth (United Services Recreation Ground) and was within easy earshot of the nearby Portsmouth Town Hall (now called Portsmouth Guildhall) clock bells, which had inspired the chant.
Royal Artillery were also forced to field only a team of amateur reserve players, thus weakening the remaining Royal Artillery team for the remainder of the 1898–99 Southern Football League season.
Their first home match at Fratton Park stadium took place only four days later on Wednesday 6 September 1899, a friendly match against Southampton F.C., which Portsmouth won 2–0.
During the first early seasons of Portsmouth F.C., the football team wore salmon pink shirts with maroon collars and cuffs, white shorts and black socks.
After the original 1898 founding company was replaced in 1912, Portsmouth began playing in their now familiar blue shirts in the 1912–13 season.
Plans for relocation were first mooted in the early 1990s, but due to various objections and financial obstacles, the club has continued to play at Fratton Park.
Most recently, plans for relocation have included new stadia on a site offered by the Royal Navy at Horsea Island, between Stamshaw and Port Solent, and on reclaimed land in Portsmouth Harbour beside the existing naval base.
's financial troubles, subsequent relegation from the Premier League, and the failure of the England 2018 bid, as of May 2017 there are no active plans for a new club stadium.
The South Coast Derby is one of the less frequently played rivalries within English football due to the clubs being in different divisions however this usually adds to the ferocity of the fixture.
Prior to the mid/late 1960s, rivalry between Portsmouth and Southampton was largely non-existent, as a consequence of their disparity in league status.
Including Southern League games, there have been 64 league games between the clubs, but they have also met five times in the FA Cup, Portsmouth beating their rivals 4–1 at St Mary's Stadium in their last meeting in 2010, and twice in the League Cup – with Southampton winning both times.
Many Portsmouth supporters commonly use the derogatory nickname Scummer (plural: Scummers) to describe Southampton fans, or collectively Scum to also include their football club, and indeed the city of Southampton itself.
According to legend and folklore, Royal Navy matelots on long sea voyages were regularly denied female company, and would keep a skate (fish species) in their hammock or bunkside, as the mouth of the skate was supposedly used as a substitute vagina.
In recent seasons the club has also developed a minor rivalry with Sunderland, mainly stemming from the clubs meeting each other 5 times in the 18/19 season.
The nearby Portsmouth Town Hall (now called the Portsmouth Guildhall), only 0.3 miles (0.5 km) from Burnaby Road was completed in 1890, and would strike the various Westminster Quarters chimes every quarter hour.
Football referees would use the Town Hall's clock bells as a reference to when the football match should end at 4 pm.
Just before 4 pm the crowd of supporters would slowly lilt in unison with the Town Hall's chimes on the hour to encourage the referee to blow the whistle to signify full-time.
After a home victory against Vitória de Guimarães and a home draw against A.C. Milan, Portsmouth were knocked out at the group stages after a 3–2 away loss to VfL Wolfsburg.
The team currently plays in the FA Women's Premier League National Division, after having won the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division in 2012.
On 11 July 2008, Portsmouth completed the club-record signing – thought to be around £11 million – of England striker Peter Crouch in a four-year deal from Liverpool.
This marked the second time Crouch had been Portsmouth's most expensive player as in 2001 his £1.5 million fee was a club record.
After she appeared in a play with friend Florence Eldridge, the film offers came in, and she was able to resume her career in talking pictures.
Astor had an affair with playwright George S. Kaufman and was branded an adulterous wife by her ex-husband, in a custody fight over her daughter.
Astor was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player through most of the 1940s and continued to work in film, television and on stage until her retirement in 1964.
Astor was born in Quincy, Illinois, the only child of Otto Ludwig Langhanke (October 2, 1871 – February 3, 1943) and Helen Marie de Vasconcellos (April 19, 1881 – January 18, 1947).
Her German father emigrated to the United States from Berlin in 1891 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen; her American mother was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, and had Portuguese roots.
The Albin photographs were seen by Harry Durant of Famous Players-Lasky and Astor was signed to a six-month contract with Paramount Pictures.
Her name was changed to Mary Astor during a conference among Paramount Pictures chief Jesse Lasky, film producer Walter Wanger, and gossip columnist Louella Parsons.
Astor's first screen test was directed by Lillian Gish, who was so impressed with her recitation of Shakespeare that she shot a thousand feet of her.
After appearing in several larger roles at various studios, she was again signed by Paramount, this time to a one-year contract at $500 a week.
After she appeared in several more movies, John Barrymore saw her photograph in a magazine and wanted her cast in his upcoming movie.
The older actor wooed the young actress, but their relationship was severely constrained by Astor's parents' unwillingness to let the couple spend time alone together; Mary was only seventeen and legally underage.
It was only after Barrymore convinced the Langhankes that his acting lessons required privacy that the couple managed to be alone at all.
Their secret engagement ended largely because of the Langhankes' interference and Astor's inability to escape their heavy-handed authority, and because Barrymore became involved with Astor's fellow WAMPAS Baby Star Dolores Costello, whom he later married.
Moorcrest is known not only for its ornate style, but its place as the most lavish residence associated with the Krotona Colony, a utopian society founded by the Theosophical Society in 1912.
Before the Langhankes bought it, it was rented by Charlie Chaplin, whose tenure is memorialized by an art glass window featuring the Little Tramp.
Astor's parents were not Theosophists, though the family was friendly with both Marie Hotchener and her husband Harry, prominent Theosophical Society members.
Marie Hotchener negotiated Astor's right to a $5 a week allowance (at a time when she was making $2,500 a week) and the right to go to work unchaperoned by her mother.
The following year when she was 19, Astor, fed up with her father's constant physical and psychological abuse as well as his control of her money, climbed from her second floor bedroom window and escaped to a hotel in Hollywood, as recounted in her memoirs.
Hotchener facilitated her return by persuading Otto Langhanke to give Astor a savings account with $500 and the freedom to come and go as she pleased.
Nevertheless, she did not gain control of her salary until she was 26 years old, at which point her parents sued her for financial support.
Otto Langhanke put Moorcrest up for auction in the early 1930s, hoping to realize more than the $80,000 he had been offered for it; it sold for $25,000.
She was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1926, along with Mary Brian, Dolores Costello, Joan Crawford, Dolores del Río, Janet Gaynor, and Fay Wray.
He gave her a Packard automobile as a wedding present and the couple moved into a home high up on Lookout Mountain in Los Angeles above Beverly Hills.
As the film industry made the transition to talkies, Fox gave her a sound test, which she failed because the studio found her voice to be too deep.
Though this result was probably due to early sound equipment and inexperienced technicians, the studio released her from her contract and she found herself out of work for eight months in 1929.
Astor took voice training and singing lessons in her time off with Francis Stuart, an exponent of Francesco Lamperti, but no roles were offered.
Her acting career was then given a boost by her friend, Florence Eldridge (wife of Fredric March), in whom she confided.
During the months of her illness, she was attended to by Dr. Franklyn Thorpe, whom she married on June 29, 1931.
The clever dialogue, played against the trappings of a lavish mansion, involves another man who is obviously in love with Astor's character.
The child, a daughter, was named Marylyn Hauoli Thorpe: her first name combined her parents' names and her middle name is Hawaiian.
Soon unhappy with her marriage, due to Thorpe having a short temper and a habit of listing her faults, Astor wanted a divorce by 1933.
While there, enjoying a whirlwind social life, she met the playwright George S. Kaufman, who was in a strong but open marriage.
He indicated her liaisons with other men, including Kaufman, would be used to claim she was an unfit mother in any divorce proceedings.
Astor's diary was never formally offered as evidence during the trial, but Thorpe and his lawyers constantly referred to it, and its notoriety grew.
Astor admitted that the diary existed and that she had documented her affair with Kaufman, but maintained that many of the parts that had been referred to were forgeries, following the theft of the diary from her desk.
The diary was deemed inadmissible as a mutilated document because Thorpe had removed pages referring to himself and had fabricated content.
Ultimately, the scandals caused no harm to Astor's career, which was actually revitalized because of the custody fight and the publicity it generated.
In 1952, by court order, Astor's diary was removed from the bank vault where it had been sequestered for 16 years and destroyed.
As Sandra Kovak, the self absorbed concert pianist who relinquishes her unborn child, her intermittent love interest was played by George Brent, but the film's star was Bette Davis.
She then recruited Astor to collaborate on rewriting the script, which Davis felt was mediocre and needed work to make it more interesting.
The soundtrack of the movie in the scenes where she plays the concerto, with violent hand movements on the piano keyboard, was dubbed by pianist Max Rabinovitch.
Not wanting the responsibility of top billing and having to carry the picture, she preferred the security of being a featured player.
In February 1943, Astor's father, Otto Langhanke, died in Cedars of Lebanon Hospital as a result of a heart attack complicated by influenza.
Before Helen Langhanke died of a heart ailment in January 1947, Astor said she sat in the hospital room with her mother, who was delirious and did not know her, and listened quietly as Helen told her all about terrible, selfish Lucile.
After her death, Astor said she spent countless hours copying her mother's diary so she could read it and was surprised to learn how much she was hated.
She admitted to alcoholism as far back as the 1930s, but it had never interfered with her work schedule or performance.
She was taken to a hospital and the police reported that she had attempted suicide, this being her third overdose in two years, and the story made headline news.
She credited her recovery to a priest, Peter Ciklic, also a practicing psychologist, who encouraged her to write about her experiences as part of therapy.
She also separated from her fourth husband, Thomas Wheelock (a stockbroker she married on Christmas Day 1945), but did not actually divorce him until 1955.
Though she spoke of her troubled personal life, her parents, her marriages, the scandals, her battle with alcoholism, and other areas of her life, she did not mention the movie industry or her career in detail.
According to film scholar Gavin Lambert, Astor invented memorable bits of business in her last scene of that film, where Roberta's vindictive motives are exposed.
After a trip around the world in 1964, Astor was lured away from her Malibu, California home, where she was gardening and working on her third novel, to make what she decided would be her final film.
Astor later moved to Fountain Valley, California, where she lived near her son, Anthony del Campo (from her third marriage to Mexican film editor Manuel del Campo), and his family, until 1971.
That same year, suffering from a chronic heart condition, she moved to a small cottage on the grounds of the Motion Picture & Television Country House, the industry's retirement facility in Woodland Hills, California, where she had a private table when she chose to eat in the resident dining room.
After years of retirement, she had been urged to appear in Brownlow's documentary by a former sister-in-law Bessie Love who also appeared in the series.
Astor died on September 25, 1987, at age 81, of respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema while in the hospital at the Motion Picture House complex.
Telempath is a science fiction novel by Spider Robinson set in a dystopian near-future in which human cities have fallen into ruin and the population has been sharply reduced.
The novel's protagonist, Isham Stone, is on a mission to kill the man allegedly responsible for the destruction of civilization: a scientist named Wendell Carlson, currently living alone at the former Columbia University in what used to be New York City.
With their senses of smell thus heightened, humans were unable to tolerate the odors produced by their own pollution-producing technology; the result was mass insanity and widespread rioting.
The curtailment of technological activity has caused them to approach the planet's surface and attack human beings, on whose fear they are apparently able to feed.
The novel continues as Isham's old teacher, Collaci, sets out to bring him back from New York to face a murder charge.
Isham is successfully captured, but before he can be tried, his colony is attacked by Agros (anti-technology worshippers of Pan) and he is taken prisoner.
Eventually Isham manages to bring about a measure of peace between the scientists and the neo-Luddites — and also learns that his father is not dead.
Reinhard Bonnke (19 April 1940 – 7 December 2019) was a German-American Pentecostal evangelist, principally known for his gospel missions throughout Africa.
With his mother and siblings, he was taken to Denmark during the evacuation of East Prussia and spent some years in a displaced persons centre.
He became a born-again Christian at the age of nine after his mother spoke with him about a sin that he had committed.
He left for missionary work in Africa at the age of 10 and said that he had the experience of baptism in the Holy Spirit.
Bonnke studied at the Bible College of Wales in Swansea, Wales, where he was inspired by the director, Samuel Rees Howells.
According to an account published by the Christian Broadcasting Network, in 1984 he commissioned the construction of what was claimed to be the world's largest mobile structure – a tent capable of seating 34,000; this was destroyed in a wind storm just before a major meeting and therefore the team decided to hold the event in the open air instead.
According to this account, the event was subsequently attended by over 100,000 people which is far greater than the 34,000 seating capacity the tents could contain.
Lagos is also the location of a gospel crusade held in 2000 which, according to CfaN, is the organisation's largest to-date, drawing an attendance of six million people.
In 1991, during Bonnke's visit to Kano in Nigeria, there were riots in the city as Muslims protested over remarks he had reportedly made about Islam in the city of Kaduna on his way to Kano.
Muslim youths gathered at the Kofar Mata Eide-ground where they were addressed by several clerics who claimed that Bonnke was going to blaspheme Islam.
About 8,000 youths gathered at the Emir's palace and after noon prayers the riots ensued, during which many Christians sustained various injuries and several churches were burned.
Bonnke met Anni Suelze at a gospel music festival, and admired the grace with which she recovered from a wrongly pitched music performance at the expense of losing the competition.
Japanese linguistic scholar Fumikazu Niinuma has attempted to differentiate between parasitic gaps and coordination in his research, as he believes the two are often confused.
Although the study of parasitic gaps began in the late 1970s, no consensus has yet been reached about the best analysis.
The fact, however, that there are two gaps in each b-sentence but only one fronted wh-expression is a source of the difficulty associated with the construction.
Another interesting fact about parasitic gaps is that they usually appear inside extraction islands (as they do in the examples just given), hence one might expect extraction from the site of parasitic gaps to be altogether impossible.
The phenomenon of parasitic gaps appears to have been discovered by John Robert Ross in the 1960s, but remained undiscussed until papers by Knut Tarald Taraldsen and Elisabet Engdahl explored the properties of the phenomenon in detail.
The knowledge of parasitic gaps was central to the development of the GPSG framework (Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar) in the mid 1980s, this knowledge then being refined later in the HPSG framework (Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar) of Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag.
In the 90s, a debate centered around the best theoretical analysis of parasitic gaps (extraction vs. percolation), this debate culminating in a collection of essays edited by Peter Culicover and Paul Postal in 2001.
They are in non-complementary distribution with a pronoun, meaning that the speaker has the choice whether to employ the gap or not, e.g.
Optionality like this suggests an analysis of parasitism in terms of ellipsis, since optionality is the primary trait of known ellipsis mechanisms.
Note that we know that the first gap (the leftmost gap) in the b-sentences is parasitic on the following gap because it, i.e.
The WCO phenomenon occurs when a fronted expression is coreferential with an intermediate expression that appears between the fronted expression and the position of its gap.
Whatever the analysis of parasitic gaps ends up being in the long run, it will have to accommodate the facts involving missing objects illustrated here.
Examining the examples of optional parasitic gaps produced above so far, one sees that in each case, a certain parallelism is present.
In each of these examples, the square brackets mark what appear to be parallel structures, as associated with the coordinate structures of coordination.
The marginality is probably due to the lack of syntactic parallelism indicated by the brackets, the gaps no longer appearing on the same side of the brackets.
What exactly explains this drop in acceptability is not entirely clear, although it may have to do with ease of processing.
The theoretical analysis of parasitic gaps is not a settled matter by any means, since accounts of the phenomenon vary drastically.
This sort of approach must augment the analysis of extraction gaps in some way in order to accommodate parasitic gaps under the same theoretical umbrella.
Some analyses mix and match these two basic lines of analysis, although in general, both are well represented in the literature on parasitism and most accounts can be placed in the one or the other camp.
Extraction analyses have the advantage that they immediately accommodate the simple observation that most parasitic gaps appear to be dependent on the occurrence of wh-movement or topicalization.
Proform analyses have the advantage that they immediately accommodate the simple observation that many parasitic gaps occur optionally; the covert proform has the option to be overt.
The proform analyses are challenged, however, by the fact that most parasitic gaps occur in the immediate environment of wh-movement or topicalization, since they do not provide a clear basis for explaining this correlation.
He has participated in several protests outside of Canada's major banking institutions, saying that bank interest promotes poverty and starvation in the third world.
Turmel's grandfather, Adelard Turmel, supported the Social Credit Party of Canada from its inception in 1935, and he passed on a belief in social credit monetary theories to his descendants.
Turmel spent most of his life in Ottawa but has made Brantford, Ontario, his home since 2003 after running in a by-election there and finding he liked the area where he could play high-stakes Holdem Poker professionally at the Brantford Charity Casino.
In 1981, Turmel was convicted and jailed for 21 days for keeping a gaming house and playing 21, he lost the appeal but had the sentence converted to 100 hours community service playing accordion in old-age homes.
In 1991, Turmel was convicted in Gatineau, Quebec, of running a common gaming house and sentenced to 4 months in jail.
Before getting out after one month, Turmel ran for Chair of Ottawa-Carleton Regional Municipality while in jail, collecting approximately 3,500 votes.
In 1993, as a part of Project Robin Hood, Ottawa and Ontario Provincial Police raided the private 28-table Casino Turmel, the largest gaming house raid in Canadian history.
Because of the death of the Social Credit candidate in Frontenac riding in Quebec during the election, a by-election was held in March.
He ran as an independent candidate in the April 13 federal by-election in London West, claiming to be interim leader of the Ontario Social Credit Party.
At the same time, he ran as the Social Credit candidate in a provincial by-election in Carleton riding, coming in last.
With grandfather Adelard, mother Therese, and brother Ray Turmel in support, Turmel started picketing the Bank of Canada on every Thursday when the interest rate was set and then picketing Parliament too.
In the March 1981 provincial election, Turmel ran as a Social Credit candidate in Ottawa Centre, while his brother Raymond ran for the party in Ottawa South and Serge Girard, Dale Alkerton and Andrew Dynowski ran in neighbouring ridings.
It was reported that he became interim leader of the Ontario Social Credit Party in early March, although it is not clear if other members of the party agreed.
The national Social Credit party president Carl O’Malley refused to endorse a candidate on the basis that the Liberal candidate, Jim Coutts, a former adviser to Pierre Trudeau, was a personal friend.
The eleven delegates, who represented about 100 party members throughout the province, elected former Toronto mayoral candidate Anne McBride as their new interim leader in a vote of 7 to 1 with 3 spoiled ballots.
Turmel argued that the party was violating its constitution by holding a vote without providing four months' notice to its members.
In June 1982, Turmel returned to Hamilton West to run in a provincial by-election as a candidate of the Christian Credit Party that he had recently founded.
The Christian Credit Party was formed after the Social Credit Party refused to renew the memberships of Turmel and his brother Raymond.
He also ran for the Christian Credit Party in the September federal by-election in Broadview—Greenwood (in Toronto), winning an all-time low 16 votes.
In November 1982, Turmel ran for alderman in the Ottawa suburb of Gloucester, and appears to have abandoned an attempt to run in a provincial by-election in Toronto-York South.
Turmel ran as an independent candidate in the Central Nova (Nova Scotia) riding by-election in September 1983 against Progressive Conservative leader Brian Mulroney.
In the months before the 1984 federal election, Turmel attempted to take over the Ottawa branch of the fledgling Green Party of Canada by signing up new members, seeking the party’s nomination in Ottawa Centre.
After the party had appointed a candidate in Ottawa Centre rather than hold nominations, Turmel claimed that it was undemocratic and called a meeting at which all Greens were invited to elect candidates to run in various Ottawa area ridings under the Green Party banner.
Turmel ran as an independent candidate in the December 13, 1984, provincial by-election in Ottawa Centre, and Serge Girard ran in Ottawa East.
In 1985, the Executive of the Ontario Branch of the Green Party expelled Ontario member John Turmel and Quebec member Ray Turmel.
Turmel led a campaign against the practice of cheque cashing agencies that cashed social assistance (SA, or welfare) cheques at a discount to the face value.
In the autumn of 1988, Turmel ran for mayor of Ottawa, Member of Parliament for Ottawa Centre and Member of Provincial Parliament for Welland—Thorold in the Niagara peninsula in a November 3 provincial by-election.
Turmel founded the Abolitionist Party of Canada, which nominated 80 candidates in the 1993 federal election, one more than the Green Party of Canada.
In 1994, Turmel won over 4,500 votes running for Chair of Ottawa-Carleton Regional Municipality, the largest number of votes in his career.
Turmel won 4,126 votes (2.5% of the total) running for Chair of Ottawa-Carleton Regional Municipality in 1997, in which Bob Chiarelli defeated Peter Clark by 2,798 votes.
Turmel ran for the board of the National Capital Freenet after the previous board reduced the number of seats from 7 to 5.
Clair, Ontario, which was more than the margin by which Liberal candidate Rick Limoges defeated Joe Comartin of the New Democratic Party.
In 2000, Turmel ran as an independent candidate in the September Kings—Hants (Nova Scotia) federal by-election against Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark.
In the same year, he made a presentation to the United Nations on the interest-free UNILETS resulting in Millennium Declaration Resolution C6 to governments to use an alternative time-based currency to restructure the global financial architecture.
In 2002, Turmel attempted to run for the leadership of the Marijuana Party but the leadership election was called off after Turmel showed up to contest the election.
He also tried to resurrect the Libertarian Party of Canada, but was prevented from doing so when former members re-registered the name first.
Turmel ran as an independent candidate and placed fifth with 120 votes in a May 13, 2004, provincial by-election in Hamilton East.
He placed last of eight candidates as an independent candidate in the March 17, 2005, provincial by-election in Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey and placed last in Brant riding with 213 votes in the 2006 federal election.
Turmel was convicted of drug possession in March 2006, resulting from a one-man protest on Parliament Hill in Ottawa three years earlier.
Turmel had taken three kilograms of marijuana to the hill, and openly smoked a joint in front of politicians and security officials.
In 2003, Turmel acted as a party to Hitzig v Canada, a civil suit instrumental in reforming the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations and the status of medical cannabis in Canada generally.
On Monday, August 25, he disrupted a televised debate involving candidates from the four major political parties to which the other four candidates had not been invited to participate.
The by-election was pre-empted by a federal election call in which Turmel re-filed his candidacy for the same riding – he came in tenth out of eleven candidates receiving 58 votes.
On September 10, 2009, police were called after Turmel lost control and disrupted an all-candidates meeting during the provincial by-election in Ontario's St. Paul's riding.
Angry at a moderator's rule which forced residents to direct their questions at 4 of 8 candidates, thus effectively limiting his opportunity to speak, Turmel lashed out and ran around the church hall shouting at debate panelists and audience members.
He indicated, however, that he would be willing to serve as prime minister if offered the role by Canada's elected parliamentarians, as per William Aberhart's rise to the premiership of Alberta in 1935 if the Engineer's Dream Team of chosen other party candidates were elected.
In 2012, Turmel again ran as an independent, this time in the March 19 federal by-election in Toronto—Danforth to choose a successor to Jack Layton.
On the provincial level, Turmel has continued to carry the banner of the Pauper Party of Ontario and ran in the August 1, 2013 by-election in Ottawa South to choose the successor to Dalton McGuinty placing last with 43 votes.
He ran again as a Pauper candidate in the February 13, 2014 provincial by-election in Thornhill placing last with 49 votes.
On September 1, 2016, he secured second-to-last place in the Scarborough—Rouge River provincial by-election by one vote over former Trillium Party candidate Ania Krosinska.
On June 6, 2018, Turmel appeared as a witness before the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs regarding the Trudeau Government's proposed changes to the Canada Elections Act.
During his appearance Turmel argued for free and equal broadcasting time for all candidates and fair auditing rules for candidates with only minor campaign expenses.
Constructed on the site of the Governors’ residence during the Spanish occupation of Gibraltar, the library was officially opened in 1804 by the Duke of Kent.
Each proprietor was entitled to borrow one large or three smaller books or an entire set of a novel for one to two weeks.
The thirteen members of the committee were elected annually and the library was to be open seven days a week with both winter and summer hours.
It has remained a private entity run by a Trust for over two hundred years up until, September 2011, at which point the Library was transferred to the Government of Gibraltar.
The dragon tree in the library's front garden is thought to date from the Spanish occupation when the plant was introduced to Gibraltar by mariners who brought the seeds from the Canary Islands.
The town only developed in the mid-19th century, when the ironworks were established in the area after coal was found in the surrounding hills.
The Christian Credit Party was a short-lived Canadian political party founded in 1982 by perennial candidate and social credit activist, John Turmel who has, at various times, been involved in the Social Credit Party of Canada, the Green Party of Canada, and the Libertarian Party of Canada.
It has a land area of 142.59 km² (55.053 sq mi) and a population of 6,822 as of the 2000 census.
Washington State Ferries serves Friday Harbor, which is San Juan Island's major population center, the San Juan County seat, and the only incorporated town in the islands.
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) established the first permanent, non-native settlement on the island on December 13, 1853, with the intention of creating a sheep farm.
A small force of American soldiers was sent to the island over concern for this issue and with Native American raids on American settlers.
The territorial dispute over this island and the rest of the San Juan Islands heightened when an American settler shot an HBC pig, starting the Pig War in 1859.
San Juan Island has a number of weekly newspapers, and two online daily news sites: the San Juan Islander and the Island Guardian, .
The Island has a new hospital: the Peace Health Peace Island Medical Center and a supermarket, the Friday Harbor Marketplace, and a small supermarket/marine supply that primarily services the marina, and folks who live in town.
The island is home to a number of celebrities, one encounters them in the local stores, seldom recognizable, but treated as fellow islanders and not hassled or bothered for autographs.
Outside of Friday Harbor, the only major commercial establishment resort is the village of Roche Harbor, located on the northwest side of the island.
Other landmarks are the old English and American Camps at opposite ends of the island, which together comprise the San Juan Island National Historical Park, which commemorates the 1859 Pig War.
It has a number of attractions including The Whale Museum; a contemporary Art Museum building completed in 2015; the San Juan Community Theatre; the Sculpture Park (located near Roche Harbor);the San Juan Historical Museum, and Lime Kiln Point State Park where on many days you can sit and watch Orca pods swim by.
Lime Kiln Park is so named because it housed a lime kiln, and is home to the Lime Kiln Lighthouse listed on National Historic Register, September 15, 1978 Campgrounds: are San Juan County,Lakedale Resort, San Juan County Fairgrounds (8 RV spots) and Free Horse Farm Camping .
It operates four schools: Friday Harbor Elementary School, Friday Harbor Middle School, Friday Harbor High School, Griffin Bay Schools (alternative high school, parent-partner home school program, on-line courses, and virtual school), and Stuart Island School (K-8).
The waters surrounding San Juan Island are home to a variety of unique species including red sea urchins and pinto abalone.
Though no commercial fishing of abalone has ever been allowed in this area, recreational fishing of abalone was outlawed in 1994.
The soul of Westcott Bay is a philosophy of community and environmental stewardship, and a respect for its unique natural and cultural history.
Anthony James Gregor (April 2, 1929 – August 30, 2019) was a Professor of Political Science Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, well known for his research on fascism, Marxism, and national security.
He attended and graduated in 1952 from Columbia University and thereafter served as a high school social science teacher while working for his advanced degrees.
Gregor's first article in the latter was a defense of Gini's theories, and the two subsequently became friends and collaborators until Gini's death in 1965.
In 1959, Gregor joined with Robert E. Kuttner to found the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics (IAAEE), where Gregor acted as secretary.
During this period he undertook anthropological field studies of aboriginal people in Central Australia, and similar studies in South Africa and in the southern United States.
In 1960, he obtained employment as a philosophy instructor at Washington College, and in 1961 he received his doctorate at Columbia as an Irwin Edman Scholar and with Distinction in History after his dissertation on Giovanni Gentile.
Gregor joined the Political Science Department at the University of California at Berkeley in 1967 where he remained until his retirement.
Gregor was part of a movement of scholars in the 1960s who rejected the traditional interpretation of fascism as an ideologically empty, reactionary, antimodern dead end.
Gregor described fascism as a coherent and serious theory of state and society, and argued that it played a revolutionary and modernizing role in European history.
Since the 1970s, Gregor spent most of his academic research on the study of fascism and it is for this that he is best known.
He argued that Marxist movements of the 20th century discarded Marx and Engels and instead adopted theoretical categories and political methods much like those of Mussolini.
Gregor said that he was committed to the American form of democratic liberalism, as he said that is the most effective system of government and the most likely to endure.
In the 1960s, Gregor held numerous workshops and lectures to convince policymakers and academics of the supporting the US role in the Vietnam War.
Gregor translated some of the works of Italian Fascist philosopher Giovanni Gentile into English, together with a commentary on Gentile's political thought.
Until his retirement in 2009, he taught a series of political science courses on revolutionary change, Marxism, and Fascism at UC Berkeley.
Gregor was made a national Guggenheim Fellow; a Senior Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Social Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; H. L Oppenheimer Professor at the Marine Corps University, Quantico, Virginia; and a Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
Eskimo Joe is an Australian alternative rock band that was formed in 1997 by Stuart MacLeod, on lead guitar, Joel Quartermain, on drums and guitar, and Kavyen Temperley, on bass guitar and vocals, in East Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
Temperley left school at sixteen to concentrate on writing music, moving into a share house with Simon Leach, who played bass guitar in a funk band called Carpet.
The other members were his brother Stuart on drums and guitarist Joel Quartermain—all three were former students at Hollywood Senior High School.
Formed as an alternative rock group in 1997 in East Fremantle, Eskimo Joe was initially a side project of Freud's Pillow, with MacLeod on guitar, Quartermain on drums and guitar, and Temperley on bass guitar and vocals.
Eskimo Joe's first gig was in August 1997 at the University of Western Australia, in a local heat for the National Campus Band Competition—they proceeded to the state final in Perth and then the national final in Sydney.
For winning the national final, they were awarded a place at the 1997 Livid Festival in Brisbane and a studio recording session in Sydney.
Simon Leach eventually formed Little Birdy in 2002, while Stuart played drums for One Horse Town and later for The Bank Holidays.
For live shows, Quartermain switched to guitar and Paul Keenan – also from Fremantle – played drums, and Dan Bull played keyboards.
As of 8 February 2013, the campaign had raised AUS$60,636 in pledges, with 12 hours to go, above the initial target of AUS$40,000—the campaign commenced in November 2012.
The decision to crowd fund the new album has allowed the band to take a fresh approach with the new album and work unhindered to create the strongest possible new work.
With all of the generosity and support the band has received, the campaign has been successful and the band are now looking forward to beginning work on the album in March.
The band also offered previews of the pre-production process for the sixth album on its official YouTube channel—the first preview was published on 17 December 2012, while subsequent video segments were published on 14 January 2013 and 28 January 2013.
Two synthesizers that belonged to Temperley, a Jupiter 4 and a Roland Compurhythm 100, were used during the entire recording process.
On 18 September 2013, the band announced their involvement with a live session using the Soundrop app that is part of the Spotify music website.
In November 2006, Eskimo Joe played at the CMJ Music Festival in New York City, returning to Australia for Southbound in Western Australia and the Falls Festival in Victoria and Tasmania.
At the end of that month, they had a secret gig in Perth under a pseudonym, The Andy Callison Project, as a warm-up to their US tour.
In January 2008, Eskimo Joe performed in New York, Houston and Los Angeles as part of the annual G'day USA – Australia Week.
Later that year, the group performed at both the East Coast and West Coast Blues & Roots Festivals (Byron Bay and Fremantle, respectively).
Appearing with Eskimo Joe at the Sydney concert were, Coldplay, Hoodoo Gurus, Icehouse, Jet, Josh Pyke, Little Birdy, The Presets, Wolfmother, You Am I and additional artists.
On 22 August 2012, the band was announced as the opening act for the launch of the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival in Australia.
The 'Winter Warmer' tour was announced in late May 2013 and the band explained that they would be playing acoustically at intimate and unusual venues across Australia.
The tour will consist of two-hour acoustic-based shows in which the band will reinterpret a selection of songs from every album in the band's history.
A National Office for Live Music was launched by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in July 2013 and, as of August 2013, Temperley is the state ambassador for Western Australia.
The West Australian Music Industry Awards or WAMis are presented annually from 1985 by Western Australian Music Industry Association Inc to recognise local artists.
Jose Ramón Gil Samaniego (February 6, 1899 – October 30, 1968), known professionally as Ramón Novarro, was a Mexican film, stage and television actor who began his career in silent films in 1917 and eventually became a leading man and one of the top box office attractions of the 1920s and early 1930s.
Novarro was born José Ramón Gil Samaniego on February 6, 1899, in Durango City, Durango, north-west Mexico, to Dr. Mariano N. Samaniego, and his wife, Leonor (Gavilan).
Novarro's direct ancestors came from the Castilian town of Burgos from where two brothers emigrated to the New World in the seventeenth century.
Known as a charitable and outgoing man, he was once an interim governor for the State of Chihuahua and was the first city councilman of El Paso, Texas ... Ramon's father, Dr. Mariano N. Samaniego, was born in Juarez and attended high school in Las Cruces, New Mexico.
After receiving his degree in dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania, he moved to Durango, Mexico, and began a flourishing dental practice.
The Pérez-Gaviláns were a mixture of Spanish and Aztec blood, and according to local legend, they were descended from Guerrero, a prince of Montezuma.
Thirteen children were born there: Emilio; Guadalupe; Rosa; Ramón; Leonor; Mariano; Luz; Antonio; José; a stillborn child; Carmen; Ángel and Eduardo.
As did many stars, Novarro engaged Sylvia of Hollywood as a physical therapist (although in her tell-all book, Sylvia erroneously claimed that Novarro slept in a coffin).
With Valentino's death in 1926, Novarro became the screen's leading Latin actor, though ranked behind his MGM contemporary, John Gilbert, as a leading man.
He was popular as a swashbuckler in action roles and considered one of the great romantic lead actors of his day.
When his contract with MGM Studios expired in 1935 and the studio did not renew it, Novarro continued to act sporadically, appearing in films for Republic Pictures, a Mexican religious drama, and a French comedy.
At the peak of his success in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Ramón Novarro was earning more than US$100,000 per film.
He invested some of his income in real estate, and his Hollywood Hills residence is one of the more renowned designs (1927) by Lloyd Wright, the son of Frank Lloyd Wright.
In the early 1920s, Novarro had a romantic relationship with composer Harry Partch, who was working as an usher at the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the time, but Novarro broke off the affair as his acting career began to become successful.
He was romantically involved with Hollywood journalist Herbert Howe, who was also his publicist in the late 1920s, and with a wealthy man from San Francisco, Noël Sullivan.
Novarro was murdered on October 30, 1968, by brothers Paul and Tom Ferguson, aged 22 and 17, who called him and offered their sexual services.
He had in the past hired prostitutes from an agency to come to his Laurel Canyon home for sex, and the Fergusons obtained Novarro's telephone number from a previous guest.
According to the prosecution in the murder case, the two young men believed that a large sum of money was hidden in Novarro's house.
The prosecution accused the brothers of torturing Novarro for several hours to force him to reveal where the non-existent money was hidden.
The play combined fact and fiction to depict Ramon Novarro's rise to fame and his relationship with Hollywood journalist Herbert Howe.
It provides programs for undergraduate, graduate students on four campuses—three in Lanzhou city centre and one in Yuzhong County, about 30 miles away from the main campus.
The University operates an additional 35 institutes along with 1 national key Laboratory of the Applied Organic and 3 key laboratories of Arid and Grassland Ecology, West China Environment, Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, a key laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Lanzhou University is one of the top ten universities in contributions to academic publications in international journals frequently cited by ongoing research from around the world.
Lanzhou University had formerly been one of China's premier institutions of higher learning with its position as the best university in Northwestern China.
Lanzhou University maintains one of China's top ten Ph.D. programs in physics, chemistry, atmospheric sciences and geography and highly ranked programs in information science, biology, botany, mathematics, history, media, ecology and Chinese literature.
Parts of the campus are considered aesthetically pleasing, particularly in comparison to the rest of highly industrialized Lanzhou, with a small park and man-made pond.
Lanzhou University employs instructors from outside China (United States of America, France, New Zealand, Russia and Japan) in foreign languages (e.g.
It also has a popular Friday gathering within the gardens of the university to allow students to practice their English language skills.
Lanzhou University has three primary laboratories and analytical testing facility sanctioned by the Chinese Ministry of Education and deemed as high importance to the state.
The laboratory was founded in 1991 under ratification of the Planning Commission of China and engaged in arid agriculture ecology research.
The Laboratory of Arid Agroecology is the only lab engaged in arid agriculture ecology research under the Chinese Ministry of Education.
The lab has been highly developed on the basis of the authorization to confer bachelor, masters, doctorate and post-doctoral degrees through the financial aid of the World Bank loan.
The researches of the laboratory focus on organic molecular chemistry of special function, especially in the field of basic research on active organic molecules.
Created in 1993 by the Chinese Ministry of Education, this is an open laboratory conducting research in the field of Applied Magnetism.
Mossbauer spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resource spin echo spectroscopy and general magnetic testing media are used to study magnetic materials' microscopic structure and general magnetic behavior.
The laboratory is equipped with major facilities including a vibrating sample magnetometer, high pressure mossbauer spectroscope and magnetron sputtering system, along with many others.
It contains more than 20 major instruments and devices including a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer, Infrared Spectrometer, X-Ray Quadrupole Diffractometer, Laser Raman Spectrometer, FT-IR Spectrometer, and others.
Established by the State Technology Superintendency in 1992, it is the approved lab for the inspection of imported and exported chemical and mining products.
Dram shop liability refers to the body of law governing the liability of taverns, liquor stores, and other commercial establishments that serve alcoholic beverages.
Generally, dram shop laws establish the liability of establishments arising out of the sale of alcohol to visibly intoxicated persons or minors who subsequently cause death or injury to third parties (those not having a relationship to the business that sold the alcohol) as a result of alcohol-related car crashes and other accidents.
Groups such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) have advocated for the enforcement and enactment of dram shop laws across the United States as well as in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.
Many states impose liability on bars for serving minors who subsequently injure themselves or others, to deter bars from serving alcohol to minors.
Thus in states like Texas and New Jersey, minors can sue a drinking establishment for their own injuries sustained while intoxicated.
Different states' dram shop acts also differ as to whether a person who becomes intoxicated and injures themselves has a cause of action against the establishment that served them.
Some states, such as New Jersey, will allow such a cause of action but will instruct the jury to take the intoxicated person's own negligence into account.
Other states, such as New York, will not allow a person who injures themselves to bring a lawsuit against the bar that served them, but if that person dies will allow such a person's children to sue the drinking establishment for loss of parental consortium.
Proximate cause includes the requirement that the dram shop must have been able to foresee that its actions could cause injuries to third parties, but this is true for any establishment that serves (sells) alcohol.
Social host liability was recognized by the Maryland Court of Appeals on July 5, 2016, pursuant to ruling that adults should be responsible for the actions of the underage drinkers they host, because those under 21 aren’t competent to handle the potentially dangerous effects of alcohol.
In that case, the evidence showed that the intoxicated patron had been served six or more White Russians by a bar.
If these criteria are met, then any plaintiff seeking to sue the dram shop must prove that the employer either directly or indirectly encouraged said employee to violate the Texas Dram Shop Act in order for there to be liability.
A 1993 study from the National Bureau of Economic Research found some reduction in alcohol-related fatalities from the implementation of dram shop laws though it did not control for the special cases of Utah and Nevada, which may have distorted the results.
A 2011 survey of eleven studies measuring dram shop acts against alcohol-related harms found strong evidence of the effectiveness of dram shop laws in reducing those harms.
Elaine Lobl Konigsburg (February 10, 1930 – April 19, 2013) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books and young adult fiction.
For her contribution as a children's writer Konigsburg was U.S. nominee in 2006 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest international recognition available to creators of children's books.
Elaine Lobl was born in New York City on February 10, 1930, but grew up in small Pennsylvania towns, the second of three daughters.
To earn money for college, she worked as a bookkeeper at a meat plant, where she met David Konigsburg, the brother of one of the owners.
She started graduate school in chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh (1952 to 1954) but they moved to Jacksonville, Florida after he attained his doctorate.
She worked as a science teacher at Bartram School for Girls until 1955; became the mother of three children, Paul, Laurie, and Ross (1955 to 1959); began painting at adult education after two children; and planned for the time they would all be in school.
Konigsburg took the new direction after the family moved to Port Chester in Greater New York (1962), where she continued art lessons and joined the Art Students League.
Konigsburg learned of those first two books' 1968 Newbery Award and honorable mention during her family's move back from Port Chester to Jacksonville.
In 1952, she married David Konigsburg, with whom she had three children, Paul (born 1955), Laurie (born 1956), and Ross (born 1959).
Konigsburg died in Falls Church, Virginia, on April 19, 2013, from complications of a stroke that she had suffered a week prior.
Many of them are based on her own experiences as a child, the observations she made of children while a teacher, and the experiences or observations of her children.
That Children's Literature Association award recognizes the best children's book published twenty years earlier that did not win a major award; it is named for the mythical bird phoenix, which is reborn from its ashes, to suggest the winning book's rise from obscurity.
Renmin University of China, often referred to as RUC (), or colloquially Renda (), is a research university located in Haidian District of Beijing.
Founded by the Communist Party of China, RUC is classified as a Class A university under the Double First Class University Plan and is generally considered one of the premier universities in the country.
Wu Yuzhang, Cheng Fangwu, Guo Yingqiu, Yuan Baohua, Huang Da, Li Wenhai, Ji Baocheng, Chen Yulu had successively held the position of principal.
Currently Renmin University consists of 23 schools, 13 research institutes and the graduate school, with 60 specialties for undergraduate, 8 specialties for the second-bachelor's degree students, 140 specialties for the master's degree candidates and 92 specialties for the Doctor's degree candidates.
Renmin University is entitled 25 national key disciplines, ranks No.5 of China, 13 national key research bases of humanities and social sciences, ranks No.1 of China, and 6 national teaching and research bases of fundamental arts disciplines, ranks No.1 of China.
The University library has 2.5 million holdings, and is recognized as the Information Center of Arts Literatures by the Ministry of Education.
The Renmin University of China Press is one of the most famous publishers and the first university press in China which has published a large number of academic works in humanities and social sciences.
Renmin University has established its communications and cooperative relationships with 125 universities and research institutions of 32 countries and regions, which enables the University to be the center of academic and cultural communications between China and foreign countries.
Many famous scholars have given lectures or attended special seminars in Renmin University, including the Nobel Prize in Economics winners Robert Mundell, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Michael Spence, John Forbes Nash, Edmund S. Phelps，Myron Scholes and Reinhard Selten.
Renmin University of China is one of the leading humanities and social science-focused universities in China, gaining national recognition for excellence in theoretical economics, applied economics, legal studies, sociology, journalism and communication, business administration, statistics, public administration, and Marxism theory.
According to the evaluation report of Ministry of Education of China, Renmin University's Law School, School of Finance, School of Economics, School of Sociology and Population Studies, School of Journalism rank top one among China's universities.
It partakes in fair trade advocacy and coordinating urban and rural green energy initiatives as well as the promotion of fair education.
Renmin University maintains collaborative relationships and exchange programs with many well-known universities around the world, such as Queen's University, Boston College Law School, Columbia University, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Princeton University, University of Geneva, McGill University, Queen Mary University of London, King's College London, Waseda University, Carleton University, the University of Chicago, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and the University of Michigan and Yale University.
In January 2010, Zhang Lei, a graduate of Renmin University and Yale School of Management (SOM), donated US$8,888,888 to the SOM, the largest alumni gift the school had received.
Renmin University School of Labor and Human Resources maintains an exchange relationship with the Huamin Research Center and the School of Social Work at Rutgers University.
During his state visit to China in January 2008, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown visited Renmin University with Premier Wen Jiabao to talk with students, scholars, athletes and entrepreneurs.
The research and opinions of Renmin University professors are frequently cited in influential media outlets, such as the New York Times.
Professors cited in the New York Times in recent years include Chen Weidong, Hou Dongming, Jin Canrong, Pan Suiming, Shi Yinhong, Zhang Ming, Zhou Xiaozheng, among others, and their expertise covers law, economics, sociology, political science and international relations.
Renmin University students are actively engaged in academic and exchange programs overseas, such as the National Model United Nations conference held annually in the New York City.
The University of Chicago Center in Beijing, which opened in September 2010, is located at the Culture Plaza on the Renmin University campus.
The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China is one of the most prestigious high schools in Beijing, and is a sister school of Phillips Academy in Massachusetts, Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and Punahou Academy in Honolulu.
Site-directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any gene products.
Also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, it is used for investigating the structure and biological activity of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules, and for protein engineering.
There are numerous methods for achieving site-directed mutagenesis, but with decreasing costs of oligonucleotide synthesis, artificial gene synthesis is now occasionally used as an alternative to site-directed mutagenesis.
Analogs of nucleotides and other chemicals were later used to generate localized point mutations, examples of such chemicals are aminopurine, nitrosoguanidine, and bisulfite.
Site-directed mutagenesis was achieved in 1974 in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann using a nucleotide analogue N-hydroxycytidine, which induces transition of GC to AT.
These methods of mutagenesis, however, are limited by the kind of mutation they can achieve, and they are not as specific as later site-directed mutagenesis methods.
In 1971, Clyde Hutchison and Marshall Edgell showed that it is possible to produce mutants with small fragments of phage ϕX174 and restriction nucleases.
Hutchison later produced with his collaborator Michael Smith in 1978 a more flexible approach to site-directed mutagenesis by using oligonucleotides in a primer extension method with DNA polymerase.
For his part in the development of this process, Michael Smith later shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in October 1993 with Kary B. Mullis, who invented polymerase chain reaction.
This synthetic primer contains the desired mutation and is complementary to the template DNA around the mutation site so it can hybridize with the DNA in the gene of interest.
The gene thus copied contains the mutated site, and is then introduced into a host cell in a vector and cloned.
This resulting mixture contains both the original unmutated template as well as the mutant strand, producing a mixed population of mutant and non-mutant progenies.
Furthermore, the template used is methylated while the mutant strand is unmethylated, and the mutants may be counter-selected due to presence of mismatch repair system that favors the methylated template DNA, resulting in fewer mutants.
A large number of methods are available to effect site-directed mutagenesis, although most of them have rarely been used in laboratories since the early 2000s, as newer techniques allow for simpler and easier ways of introducing site-specific mutation into genes.
Both enzymes are part of a DNA repair pathway that protects the bacterial chromosome from mutations by the spontaneous deamination of dCTP to dUTP.
Here, the uracil-containing parental DNA strand is degraded, so that nearly all of the resulting DNA consists of the mutated strand.
It involves the cleavage by a restriction enzyme at a site in the plasmid and subsequent ligation of a pair of complementary oligonucleotides containing the mutation in the gene of interest to the plasmid.
Usually, the restriction enzymes that cut at the plasmid and the oligonucleotide are the same, permitting sticky ends of the plasmid and insert to ligate to one another.
This method can generate mutants at close to 100% efficiency, but is limited by the availability of suitable restriction sites flanking the site that is to be mutated.
The exponential amplification in PCR produces a fragment containing the desired mutation in sufficient quantity to be separated from the original, unmutated plasmid by gel electrophoresis, which may then be inserted in the original context using standard recombinant molecular biology techniques.
The simplest method places the mutation site toward one of the ends of the fragment whereby one of two oligonucleotides used for generating the fragment contains the mutation.
This involves a single step of PCR, but still has the inherent problem of requiring a suitable restriction site near the mutation site unless a very long primer is used.
Other variations, therefore, employ three or four oligonucleotides, two of which may be non-mutagenic oligonucleotides that cover two convenient restriction sites and generate a fragment that can be digested and ligated into a plasmid, whereas the mutagenic oligonucleotide may be complementary to a location within that fragment well away from any convenient restriction site.
For plasmid manipulations, other site-directed mutagenesis techniques have been supplanted largely by techniques that are highly efficient but relatively simple, easy to use, and commercially available as a kit.
Note that, in these double-strand plasmid mutagenesis methods, while the thermocycling reaction may be used, the DNA need not be exponentially amplified as in a PCR.
Instead, the amplification is linear, and it is therefore inaccurate to describe them as a PCR, since there is no chain reaction.
A variation of this method, called SPRINP, prevents this artifact and has been used in different types of site directed mutagenesis.
Since 2013, the development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has allowed for the efficient introduction of point mutations into the genome of a wide variety of organisms.
The method does not require a transposon insertion site, leaves no marker, and its efficiency and simplicity has made it the preferred method for genome editing.
Site-directed mutagenesis is used to generate mutations that may produce a rationally designed protein that has improved or special properties (i.e.protein engineering).
Investigative tools – specific mutations in DNA allow the function and properties of a DNA sequence or a protein to be investigated in a rational approach.
For instance changing a particular serine (phosphoacceptor) to an alanine (phospho-non-acceptor) in a substrate protein blocks the attachement of a phosphate group, thereby allows the phosphorylation to be investigated.
For example, commonly used laundry detergents may contain subtilisin, whose wild-type form has a methionine that can be oxidized by bleach, significantly reducing the activity the protein in the process.
This methionine may be replaced by alanine or other residues, making it resistant to oxidation thereby keeping the protein active in the presence of bleach.
As the cost of DNA oligonucleotides synthesis falls, artificial synthesis of a complete gene is now a viable method for introducing mutation into gene.
This method allows for extensive mutagenesis over multiples sites, including the complete redesign of the codon usage of gene to optimise it for a particular organism.
The University of Notre Dame Australia is a national Roman Catholic private university with campuses in and in Western Australia and Sydney in New South Wales.
The University also has eight clinical schools as part of its school of medicine located across Sydney and Melbourne and also in regional New South Wales and Victoria.
Notre Dame is not part of the Western Australia Tertiary Institutions Service Centre (TISC) or the New South Wales Universities Admissions Centre and students apply directly to the University through its admissions process.
The waves below the open Bible represent the Fremantle area, where the University was founded, and Australia, a nation surrounded by water.
In 1945, Father Patrick Duffy, an American navy chaplain, met Cardinal Norman Thomas Gilroy, Archbishop of Sydney, to discuss the possibility of the University of Notre Dame and the Congregation of Holy Cross being involved in the establishment of the first private Catholic university in Australia.
At the time, there were roughly 1.5 million Catholics living in Australia and an established network of Catholic primary and secondary schools.
The project was pursued for a number of years and property was purchased in Sydney on behalf of Holy Cross in 1948, but ultimately the charter to establish the university was never acquired and the endeavour was abandoned in 1953.
In the mid-1980s, concerns were raised that state universities were not able to properly train lay teachers to work in Catholic primary and secondary schools in Western Australia.
They enlisted the help of Denis Horgan, a local Catholic businessman and founder of Leeuwin Estate, who they hoped would provide financial assistance in establishing the university.
A small planning committee with Tannock, Horgan, Foley and Michael Quinlan, a Catholic physician, was established and developed the plan for a Catholic university with a number of sites in Western Australia that would provide medical and nursing education among other fields.
The act was given assent on 9 January 1990, the university was inaugurated on 2 July 1991 and classes commenced in February 1992.
The first college, the College of Education, had 35 postgraduate students in its first year and the University of Notre Dame (US) sent 25 study abroad students to spend a semester at the Fremantle campus.
The Broome campus, originally known as the Kimberley Centre, was opened in 1994 in service of the church and Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley region.
The university's Sydney campus is spread across two sites – one based in Broadway and the other in adjacent to St Vincent's Hospital.
The Fremantle campus is located in the historic West End of the city, a designated heritage precinct famous for its late Georgian and Victorian-style architecture.
The university has rejuvenated much of the West End and has worked to restore the traditional architecture of the precinct, occupying 50 properties since its establishment in 1992 and restoring many buildings.
The Sydney Clinical School is located across St Vincent's & Mater Clinical School at St Vincent's Hospital, Auburn Clinical School at Auburn Hospital and Hawkesbury Clinical School at Hawkesbury Health Service.
The rural clinical schools are located at the Lithgow Clinical School at Lithgow Hospital, the Ballarat Clinical School at St John of God Hospital Ballarat, the Riverina Regional Training Hub (RRTH) and the Wagga Wagga Clinical School at Calvary Health Care Riverina.
The university is a self-accrediting institution and is subject to regular quality audits and registration processes undertaken by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency.
These specify the source, role and functions of its trustees, board of directors and board of governors and the principal officers and academic leaders of the university.
Notre Dame's medicine students study a core course, bioethics, whilst students on the Broome campus study Aboriginal people and spirituality as part of their degree.
The Australian Government’s Quality Indicators for Learning and Teaching 2018 Student Experience Survey results place Notre Dame as one of the top universities in Australia.
The Institute for Health Research draws on the clinical expertise within Notre Dame's Schools of Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing & Midwifery and Physiotherapy to develop research partnerships and projects that support the healthy ageing of all Australians.
Nulungu collaborates with national and international universities, government and Indigenous Australian communities to develop research outcomes of benefit to the country's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
It was established by Lyn Henderson-Yates, who herself is an indigenous Australian and is also vice-chancellor of the university's Broome campus.
The Institute for Ethics and Society pursues philosophical and interdisciplinary research across five core areas: applied and professional ethics; ethics education; bioethics; religion and global society; and Indigenous research and ethics.
The university is one of the partners in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, one of the largest cohorts of pregnancy, childhood, adolescence and early adulthood to be carried out anywhere in the world.
The Sydney campus is home to the Student Association of the University of Notre Dame Australia (SAUNDA), while the Fremantle Ccmpus hosts the Notre Dame Student Association (NDSA).
Mass is celebrated each weekday and on Sunday evening at the Fremantle campus, weekdays on the Sydney campus, and on Wednesdays at the Broome campus.
The student population across Australia at Notre Dame campuses numbers 12,394 as of February 2018, 6,544 of these being in Fremantle, 5,685 in Sydney and 165 in Broome.
Notre Dame has six individual libraries across the three campuses: St Teresa's Library, Galvin Medical Library and the Craven Law Library at the Fremantle campus; Benedict XVI Medical Library (Darlinghurst) and St Benedict's Library (Broadway) at the Sydney campus; and the Broome Campus Library at the Broome campus.
St Teresa's Library, located at 34 Mouat Street, Fremantle, is a heritage listed building in the West End and supports the programs of the Schools of Arts & Sciences, Business, Education and Philosophy & Theology.
The building was first adapted to become a university library in 1994 when only limited, low cost adaptive re-use works could be afforded, and was renovated again in 2011 to provide maximum floor area.
Constructed from 1900 onward, the building was known as Fowler's Warehouse and served as the principal premises in Western Australia for D. & J. Fowler Ltd., the wholesale grocery company.
The library was opened in 2005 after Notre Dame took over the lease of the buildings from the City of Fremantle.
Like St Teresa's Library, Craven Law Library is located in the former Bateman family warehouse complex between Mouat and Henry Streets in Fremantle.
The library was established in 1997, but renamed the Craven Law Library in 2003 to commemorate the foundation dean of the School of Law, Greg Craven.
The library supports the School of Law and contains a print collection in excess of 30,000 volumes, including historic primary materials.
The Benedict XVI Medical Library, located at 160 Oxford Street, Darlinghurst, is housed next to the Sacred Heart Catholic Church in a building originally occupied by a Catholic school run by the Sisters of Charity of Australia.
It was named in honour of Pope Benedict XVI during a visit he made to the university and library on 18 July 2008.
The vice-chancellor and chief executive officer of the university from 2008 until February 2019 was Celia Hammond, a former lawyer who resigned to seek election to federal parliament.
Miodrag Bulatović (Serbian Cyrillic: Миодраг Булатовић; 20 February 1930 – 15 March 1991) was a Montenegrin Serb writer, novelist and playwright in Yugoslavia.
Project Prevention (formerly Children Requiring a Caring Kommunity or CRACK) is an American non-profit organization that pays drug addicts cash for volunteering for long-term birth control, including sterilization.
Barbara Harris founded the organization in 1997 after she and her husband adopted the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth children of a drug-addicted mother.
Barbara Harris founded the organization in Anaheim, California in 1997 as Children Requiring a Caring Kommunity (CRACK) after she and her husband adopted one-by-one as each was born the latter four of eight children from a drug-addicted mother.
With the experience of helping the children through withdrawal and other health problems, she tried to get legislation passed in California that would have mandated long-term birth control for mothers who gave birth to babies who were exposed to cocaine as fetuses.
To receive the money, clients have to show evidence they have been arrested on a drug-related offence, or provide a doctor's certificate saying they use drugs, and further evidence is needed confirming that the birth-control procedure has taken place.
As of May 2014 based on survey forms from 4,913 clients it had paid: 2,876 (58.5%) were white; 1,020 (20.8%) African American; 569 (11.6%) Hispanic; 448 (9.1%) other.
Some people are so into the women and their rights to get pregnant that they seem to forget about the rights of the kids.
The woman said the same group had been approaching other women, and she later informed Strathclyde police, who advised anyone approached in a similar way to contact them.
Harris admitted her methods amounted to bribery, but said it was the only way to stop babies being physically and mentally damaged by drugs during pregnancy.
As with all requests for treatment, doctors need to be confident that the individual has the capacity to make the specific decision at the time the decision is required.
The BMA's ethics committee also believes that doctors should inform patients of the benefits of reversible contraception so that the patients have more reproductive choices in the future.
Fraser stresses what she sees as Mary's key virtues but believes that Scotland at the time required an extraordinarily strong ruler to pull the nobles into line.
At the Conference of York, Regent James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray produced the casket letters, presented as love letters from Mary to her third husband, James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, with whom she had allegedly plotted to kill Darnley.
After rigorous research, Fraser concludes that they were forgeries, most likely an amalgamation of real letters that Mary wrote and of love letters written to Bothwell by one of his mistresses.
The main characters of the book are Ashley Patterson, an introverted workaholic, her co-workers, Toni Prescott, an outgoing singer and dancer, and shy artist Alette Peters and Ashley's father, Dr. Steven Patterson.
She requests a police escort, but the next morning, the police officer assigned to this duty is found dead in her apartment.
When a gift from one of the murdered men to Toni is found among Ashley's things, she is identified as the killer and arrested.
At this point, it is revealed that the three women are three selves of a woman suffering from multiple personality disorder.
The second half of the novel deals with the trial, complete with endless squabbling between opposing psychiatrists as to whether or not MPD is real.
It is revealed that her father, Dr. Steven was the one who sexually abused her, causing her to develop Dissociative Identity Disorder resulting in the creation of the alter Toni, and becomes a thing of her mother's detest.
When they are living in Italy during her teenage years, she is once again assaulted by her father, leading to the creation of Alette.
The first alter represents her struggle and fear as a helpless child without sexual maturity, and (Toni) develops into a protective one and becomes murderous when encountered with similar conditions.
While the second alter (Alette) represents her feeling of shame and pain of being breached, thus developing into a source of console exhibiting warmth and motherly love who has good rapport with Ashley.
However, Toni is enraged when she learns that the woman her father is about to marry has a three-year-old daughter and is afraid that the girl would suffer the same fate she had.
This softer side of Toni is only a front to show Doctor Gilbert she has finally accepted everything so she and Alette can get out of the asylum to kill her father, who is staying in The Hamptons for Christmas.
In the end, Ashley is shown to be traveling on a train to The Hamptons, where her father is staying, when Toni suddenly shows up to kill him.
Yeshu ( in the Hebrew alphabet) is the name of an individual or individuals mentioned in rabbinic literature, which historically has been assumed to be a reference to Jesus when used in the Talmud.
Yeshu the sorcerer is noted for being executed by the Hasmonean government which lost legal authority in 63 BC, Yeshu the student is described being among the Pharisees who returned to Israel from Egypt in 74 BC, and Yeshu ben Pandera/ben Stada's stepfather is noted as speaking with Rabbi Akiva shortly before the rabbi's execution, an event which occurred in c. 134 AD.
During the Middle Ages, Ashkenazic Jewish authorities were forced to interpret these passages in relation to the Christian beliefs about Jesus of Nazareth.
In 1240 Nicholas Donin, with the support of Pope Gregory IX, referred to Yeshu narratives to support his accusation that the Jewish community had attacked the virginity of Mary and the divinity of Jesus.
In the Disputation of Paris, Yechiel of Paris conceded that one of the Yeshu stories in the Talmud referred to Jesus of Nazareth, but that the other passages referred to other people.
In 1372, John of Valladolid, with the support of the Archbishop of Toledo, made a similar accusation against the Jewish community; Moses ha-Kohen de Tordesillas argued that the Yeshu narratives referred to different people and could not have referred to Jesus of Nazareth.
There are some modern scholars who understand these passages to be references to Christianity and the Christian figure of Jesus, and others who see references to Jesus only in later rabbinic literature.
Eisenmenger claimed that Jews believed that they were forbidden to mention names of false gods and instead were commanded to change and defame them and did so with Jesus' name as they considered him a false god.
Eisenmenger's book against Judaism was denounced by the Jews as malicious libel, and was the subject of a number of refutations.
writes that due to this, Neusner treats the name as a gloss and omitted it from his translation of the Jerusalem Talmud.
In his view the tosefta account reveals that at least some Jews believed Christians were true healers, but that the rabbis saw this belief as a major threat.
Boyarin has suggested that this was the Jewish version of the Br'er Rabbit approach to domination, which he contrasts to the strategy of many early Christians, who proclaim their beliefs in spite of the consequences (i.e.
Although Rabbi Eliezer was referring to God, the Governor interpreted him to be referring to the Governor himself, and freed the rabbi.
According to them the account also reveals that there was greater contact between Christians and Jews in the 2nd century than commonly believed.
According to Dr. Rubenstein, the structure of this teaching, in which a biblical prooftext is used to answer a question about Biblical law, is common to both the rabbis and early Christians.
A medieval account of Jesus, in which Jesus is described as being the son of Joseph, the son of Pandera (see translation of the 15th-century Yemenite manuscript: ), gives a contemporary view of Jesus and where he is portrayed as an impostor.
This name is not known from any graves or inscriptions, but the surname Pantera (a Latin rendering) is known from the 1st-century tombstone of Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera.
He also argued that it may not have been a real name but instead as a generic name for a betrayer.
He argues that the name came to be used as a generic term for a betrayer and was borrowed by Hebrew.
These are also discussed in the Shulkhan Arukh where the son who burns his food is explicitly stated to be Manasseh.
Prior to the destruction of the Temple in 70, Jews were divided into different sects, each promoting different interpretations of the law.
In other words, rabbis are encouraged to disagree and argue with one another, but these activities must be carefully contained, or else they could lead to a schism.
Although this story may not present a historically accurate account of Jesus' life, it does use a fiction about Jesus to communicate an important truth about the rabbis.
Boyarin suggests that the rabbis were well aware of Christian views of the Pharisees and that this story acknowledges the Christian belief that Jesus was forgiving and the Pharisees were not (see Mark 2:1-2), while emphasizing forgiveness as a necessary rabbinic value.
The passage is in the form of a Talmudic debate in which various voices make statements, each refuting the previous statement.
In such debates the various statements and their refutations are often of a Midrashic nature, sometimes incorporating subtle humour and should not always be taken at face value.
This is countered with the claim the husband was Pappos ben Yehuda (a 2nd-century figure elsewhere remembered as having locked up his unfaithful wife and visiting Rabbi Akiva in jail after the Bar-Kokhba revolt) and that the mother was named Stada.
This is then refuted by the claim that the mother was named Miriam, the dresser of women's hair, but that she had gone astray from her husband (a Miriam the daughter of Bilgah, is mentioned elsewhere as having had an affair with a Roman soldier).
Pappos and Miriam might have been introduced simply as a result of their being remembered in connection with a theme of a woman having gone astray.
The only classical Jewish commentator to equate Yeshu with Jesus was the Rishon (early commentator) Abraham Ibn Daud who held the view that the Jesus of Christianity had been derived from the figure of Yeshu the student of ben Perachiah.
Ibn Daud was nevertheless aware that such an equation contradicted known chronology but argued that the Gospel accounts were in error.
Other Rishonim, namely Rabbi Jacob ben Meir (Rabbeinu Tam), Nachmanides, and Yechiel of Paris explicitly repudiated the equation of the Yeshu of the Talmud and Jesus.
In 1554 a papal bull ordered the removal of all references from the Talmud and other Jewish texts deemed offensive and blasphemous to Christians.
R. Travers based his work on the understanding that the term refers to Jesus, and it was also the understanding of Joseph Klausner.
Herford argues that writers of the Talmud and Tosefta had only vague knowledge of Jesus and embellished the accounts to discredit him while disregarding chronology.
Recently, some scholars have argued that Yeshu is a literary device, and that the Yeshu stories provide a more complex view of early Rabbinic-Christian interactions.
Whereas the Pharisees were one sect among several others in the Second Temple era, the Amoraim and Tannaim sought to establish Rabbinic Judaism as the normative form of Judaism.
Like the rabbis, early Christians claimed to be working within Biblical traditions to provide new interpretations of Jewish laws and values.
The sometimes blurry boundary between the rabbis and early Christians provided an important site for distinguishing between legitimate debate and heresy.
Scholars like Jeffrey Rubenstein and Daniel Boyarin argue that it was through the Yeshu narratives that rabbis confronted this blurry boundary.
Prior to the destruction of the Temple in 70, Jews were divided into different sects, each promoting different interpretations of the law.
In other words, rabbis are encouraged to disagree and argue with one another, but these activities must be carefully contained, or else they could lead to a schism.
Boyarin suggests that the rabbis were well aware of Christian views of the Pharisees and that this story acknowledges the Christian belief that Jesus was forgiving and the Pharisees were not (see Mark 2), while emphasizing forgiveness as a necessary rabbinic value.
An intermediate view is that of Hyam Maccoby, who argues that most of these stories were not originally about Jesus, but were incorporated into the Talmud in the belief that they were, as a response to Christian missionary activity.
Dennis McKinsey has challenged the view that the term refers to Jesus at all and argues that Jewish tradition knew of no historical Jesus.
It is considered unlikely that any one person wrote it, and each version seems to be from a different set of storytellers.
The story is set in the Hasmonean era, reflecting the setting of the account of Yeshu the student of Yehoshuah ben Perachiah in the Talmud.
Due to the Gospel parallels, the Toledot Yeshu narratives are typically viewed as a derogatory account of the life of Jesus resulting from Jewish reaction to persecution by Christians.
The name Yeshu has also been found in a fragment of the Jerusalem Talmud from the Cairo Genizah, a depository for holy texts which are not usable due to age, damage or errors.
The university was founded in 1954 by the leaders of the Northern Presbyterian Church of the U.S. as a Christian university.
They are named for their locations within the city; Daemyeong, which is near the downtown area, Seongseo, which is in the western part of the city, and also Dongsan campus which includes Dongsan Medical Center.
Keimyung University originated from Keimyung Christian College, which was founded in 1954, by Reverend Edward Adams, an American missionary of the Northern Presbyterian Church of the U.S., and by Reverends Choi Jaehwa and Kang Ingu, two local Presbyterian Church leaders.
1978, the year of Keimyung's elevation to the status of a university, marked the beginning of a new period of rapid development.
In October 1980, the university merged with the Dongsan Presbyterian Hospital, a prestigious local hospital with 81-year history of service, and re-opened it as Keimyung University Medical Center.
The development of Keimyung acquired a new dimension in the early 1980s when it added a new campus built on 550,000 pyeong (181,500 sq.
As of March 2003, Keimyung comprised over 27,000 students and over 2,400 faculty members and employees in 25 majors, 68 departments in 11 faculties and 20 colleges, 13 graduate schools, 34 attached and affiliated institutes including Dongsan Medical Center and 17 affiliated research centers.
It was moved to its current site at the Seongseo Campus in March 1993 to facilitate expansion into a much larger facility that meets the needs of the information age.
The Dongsan Library comprises three separate libraries: the main Dongsan Library at Seongseo Campus (seven stories above and two below ground level, with a total floor space of 6,538 pyeong), the second Dongsan Library at the Daemyung Dong Campus (seven stories above and two below ground level, with a total floor space of 5,392 pyeong) and the Medical Library at Dongsan Medical Center.
Equipped with sophisticated multi-media functions and an advanced information retrieval network, the Dongsan Library is now the focal point for research activities of faculty members as well as students.
At present, the Dongsan Library houses around one and a half- million books, including specialized reference books, scientific journals, theses, ancient documents, micro-data, CD-ROMs and multi-media materials.
The information or data owned by the Dongsan Library is made available for users around the world through the Keimyung University Library Integrated Information Management System (KIMS).
The History of Dongsan Medical Center dates back to 1899 when Dr. Woodbridge O. Johnson, an American Missionary dispatched by the Korean Mission of the Northern Presbyterian Church of the United States, started the Salvation Hospital and became the founder of the medical center.
Dongsan Medical Center merged with Keimyung University in 1978 to establish a Medical School and at present it has 1,000 bed capacity with 1,700 employees.
Entering upon the 21st century, Dongsan Medical Center will spare no effort to move Medical School, Nursing College, Second Dongsan Hospital and Medical Science and Research Building to Keimyung University Sungsuh Campus.
Since it was established on May 20, 1978, the Museum has devoted its efforts to studying the historical and cultural heritage of the local region with a special focus on Kaya, an ancient civilization that once flourished in Korea, but which left few records.
Since then, the museum has accomplished much, including the excavation of the royal tombs of the Kaya Dynasty.Many Kaya artifacts uncovered through those efforts are on display in the Museum.
Currently, a plan is under way to construct a new museum on a 9,900 square-meter site with a total floor space of 5,940 square meters.
The new museum building will feature a university history gallery, Korean history gallery, curatorial department, a conservation science laboratory, and other accommodations including a museum shop and a cafe.
Located high on the flank of Kungsan Hill above the Seongseo Campus of Keimyung University, the Edward Adams Hall of Worship and Praise (known as the Adams Chapel) was built to honor the achievements of missionary Edward Adams, one of the founders of Keimyung University.
The seven round columns in the main chapel represent the 7 early churches in Asia referred to in the Book of Revelation in the New Testament.
These represent the Holy Trinity, as well as the seven angels with seven trumpets as recorded in the Book of Revelation.
The stained glass window depict the twelve disciples of Christ, the three Wise Men, the Ten Commandments, the judgement of Solomon and other stories from the Bible.
The pipe organ, the stained glass, the chapel chairs, and the marble of the columns of the Adams Chapel were all made through the generous donation from the friendly Keimyung University.
Requirements for graduation from each of Keimyung Adams' degree programs require a senior thesis, an international internship, and accomplishment in Korean, English, and either Japanese or Mandarin languages.
Access to courses taught by Polish professors from the F. Chopin Academy of Music, Keimyung has established itself as a music education institute in Korea.
In order to improve the quality of music education offered to its students, the university opened the Keimyung-Chopin Music Academy in close collaboration with the F. Chopin Academy of Music in Poland, a music education institute with a well-established international reputation.
As a Korean replication of the aforementioned institute, the Keimyung-Chopin Music Academy provides musical education ensured by the fact that twelve resident Polish professors select 30 students every year from among the entering class of the College of Music of Keimyung through a process of highly competitive auditions and in-depth interviews.
The institute has a very systematic program such as cultural experiences, regular field trips and festivals for international students, providing a chance to learn the language and the culture.
KMU has been exclusively designated as the CCAP partner institute of Daegu and Gyeongbuk area by Korean National Commission of UNESCO since 2005.
An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells.
The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene.
The vector is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector.
The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the efficient production of protein, and this may be achieved by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein.
The expression of a protein may be tightly controlled, and the protein is only produced in significant quantity when necessary through the use of an inducer, in some systems however the protein may be expressed constitutively.
An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin, which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
An expression vector has features that any vector may have, such as an origin of replication, a selectable marker, and a suitable site for the insertion of a gene like the multiple cloning site.
The cloned gene may be transferred from a specialized cloning vector to an expression vector, although it is possible to clone directly into an expression vector.
These may include a promoter, the correct translation initiation sequence such as a ribosomal binding site and start codon, a termination codon, and a transcription termination sequence.
There are differences in the machinery for protein synthesis between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, therefore the expression vectors must have the elements for expression that are appropriate for the chosen host.
For example, prokaryotes expression vectors would have a Shine-Dalgarno sequence at its translation initiation site for the binding of ribosomes, while eukaryotes expression vectors would contain the Kozak consensus sequence.
The promoters used in expression vector are normally inducible, meaning that protein synthesis is only initiated when required by the introduction of an inducer such as IPTG.
After the expression of the gene product, it is usually necessary to purify the expressed protein; however, separating the protein of interest from the great majority of proteins of the host cell can be a protracted process.
This tag could be histidine (His) tag, other marker peptides, or a fusion partners such as glutathione S-transferase or maltose-binding protein.
Other fusion proteins such as green fluorescent protein may act as a reporter gene for the identification of successful cloned genes, or they may be used to study protein expression in cellular imaging.
Some vectors may include targeting sequence that may target the expressed protein to a specific location such as the periplasmic space of bacteria.
Different organisms may be used to express a gene's target protein, and the expression vector used will therefore have elements specific for use in the particular organism.
However, not all proteins formed may be soluble in the cytoplasm, and incorrectly folded proteins formed in cytoplasm can form insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies.
Proteins which have disulphide bonds are often not able to fold correctly due to the reducing environment in the cytoplasm which prevents such bond formation, and a possible solution is to target the protein to the periplasmic space by the use of an N-terminal signal sequence.
However, when 2 or more plasmids are used, each plasmid needs to use a different antibiotic selection as well as a different origin of replication, otherwise one of the plasmids may not be stably maintained.
Many commonly used plasmids are based on the ColE1 replicon and are therefore incompatible with each other; in order for a ColE1-based plasmid to coexist with another in the same cell, the other would need to be of a different replicon, e.g.
Another approach would be to use a single two-cistron vector or design the coding sequences in tandem as a bi- or poly-cistronic construct.
The plasmids may contain elements for insertion of foreign DNA into the yeast genome and signal sequence for the secretion of expressed protein.
The vectors used in yeast two-hybrid system contain fusion partners for two cloned genes that allow the transcription of a reporter gene when there is interaction between the two proteins expressed from the cloned genes.
A cell line derived from the cabbage looper is of particular interest, as it has been developed to grow fast and without the expensive serum normally needed to boost cell growth.
In general, it is safer to use than mammalian virus as it has a limited host range and does not infect vertebrates without modifications.
In these expression vectors, DNA to be inserted into plant is cloned into the T-DNA, a stretch of DNA flanked by a 25-bp direct repeat sequence at either end, and which can integrate into the plant genome.
Concerns over the transfer of bacterial or viral genetic material into the plant however have led to the development of vectors called intragenic vectors whereby functional equivalents of plant genome are used so that there is no transfer of genetic material from an alien species into the plant.
The protein may be expressed as a fusion to the coat protein of the virus and is displayed on the surface of assembled viral particles, or as an unfused protein that accumulates within the plant.
Expression in plant using plant vectors is often constitutive, and a commonly used constitutive promoter in plant expression vectors is the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.
Mammalian expression vectors offer considerable advantages for the expression of mammalian proteins over bacterial expression systems - proper folding, post-translational modifications, and relevant enzymatic activity.
It may also be more desirable than other eukaryotic non-mammalian systems whereby the proteins expressed may not contain the correct glycosylations.
It is of particular use in producing membrane-associating proteins that require chaperones for proper folding and stability as well as containing numerous post-translational modifications.
The downside, however, is the low yield of product in comparison to prokaryotic vectors as well as the costly nature of the techniques involved.
Its complicated technology, and potential contamination with animal viruses of mammalian cell expression have also placed a constraint on its use in large-scale industrial production.
Cultured mammalian cell lines such as the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), COS, including human cell lines such as HEK and HeLa may be used to produce protein.
Vectors are transfected into the cells and the DNA may be integrated into the genome by homologous recombination in the case of stable transfection, or the cells may be transiently transfected.
Examples of mammalian expression vectors include the adenoviral vectors, the pSV and the pCMV series of plasmid vectors, vaccinia and retroviral vectors, as well as baculovirus.
Biotechnology allows these peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, some of which were previously rare or difficult to obtain, to be produced in large quantity.
Examples from the past include prion contamination in growth hormone extracted from pituitary glands harvested from human cadavers, which caused Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in patients receiving treatment for dwarfism, and viral contaminants in clotting factor VIII isolated from human blood that resulted in the transmission of viral diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS.
In recent years, expression vectors have been used to introduce specific genes into plants and animals to produce transgenic organisms, for example in agriculture it is used to produce transgenic plants.
This process has also been used to introduce a gene into plants that produces an insecticide, called Bacillus thuringiensis toxin or Bt toxin which reduces the need for farmers to apply insecticides since it is produced by the modified organism.
In addition expression vectors are used to extend the ripeness of tomatoes by altering the plant so that it produces less of the chemical that causes the tomatoes to rot.
There have been controversies over using expression vectors to modify crops due to the fact that there might be unknown health risks, possibilities of companies patenting certain genetically modified food crops, and ethical concerns.
Transgenic animals have also been produced to study animal biochemical processes and human diseases, or used to produce pharmaceuticals and other proteins.
Green fluorescent protein is sometimes used as tags which results in animal that can fluoresce, and this have been exploited commercially to produce the fluorescent GloFish.
The treatment is still a risky option due to the viral vector used which can cause ill-effects, for example giving rise to insertional mutation that can result in cancer.
A clock face, or dial, is the part of an analog clock (or watch) that displays the time through the use of a fixed-numbered dial or dials and moving hands.
A second type of clock face is the 24-hour analog dial, widely used in military and other organizations that use 24-hour time.
This is similar to the 12-hour dial above, except it has hours numbered 1–24 around the outside, and the hour hand makes only one revolution per day.
The two numbering systems have also been used in combination, with the prior indicating the hour and the latter the minute.
The clock face is so familiar that the numbers are often omitted and replaced with applied indices (undifferentiated hour marks), particularly in the case of watches.
Most modern clocks have the numbers 1 through 12 printed at equally spaced intervals around the periphery of the face with the 12 at the top, indicating the hour, and on many models, sixty dots or lines evenly spaced in a ring around the outside of the dial, indicating minutes and seconds.
The first mechanical clocks, built in 13th-century Europe, were striking clocks: their purpose was to ring bells upon the canonical hours, to call the local community to prayer.
These were tower clocks installed in bell towers in public places, to ensure that the bells were audible over a wide area.
Soon after these first mechanical clocks were in place people realized that their wheels could be used to drive an indicator on a dial on the outside of the tower, where it could be widely seen.
Before the late 14th century, a fixed hand (often a carving literally shaped like a hand) indicated the hour by pointing to numbers on a rotating dial; after this time, the current convention of a rotating hand on a fixed dial was adopted.
In the Northern hemisphere, where the clock face originated, the shadow of the gnomon on a horizontal sundial moves clockwise during the day.
Therefore, the decimal hour was more than twice as long (144 min) as the present hour, the decimal minute was slightly longer than the present minute (86 seconds) and the decimal second was slightly shorter (0.86 sec) than the present second.
However, it did not catch on, and France discontinued the mandatory use of decimal time on 7 April 1795, although some French cities used decimal time until 1801.
Until the last quarter of the 17th century, hour markings were etched into metal faces and the recesses filled with black wax.
This was not a stylistic decision, rather enamel production technology had not yet achieved the ability to create large pieces of enamel.
as this V-shaped arrangement roughly makes a smile, imitates a human figure with raised arms, and leaves the watch company's logo unobscured by the hands.
In the 1970s, German designer Tian Harlan invented the Chromachron, a wristwatch with a clock face that has no dials but a disc with pie-shaped pattern rotating by the minute over color patterns representing both hours and minutes.
In 2018, many United Kingdom schools were replacing analogue clocks with digital ones because an increasing number of pupils were unable to read traditional (non-digital) clocks hanging in class/exam room walls.
In positive psychology, a flow state, also known colloquially as being in the zone, is the mental state in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity.
In essence, flow is characterized by the complete absorption in what one does, and a resulting transformation in one's sense of time.
Named by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi in 1975, the concept has been widely referred to across a variety of fields (and is particularly well recognized in occupational therapy), though the concept has been claimed to have existed for thousands of years under other names, notably in some Eastern thought systems, for example, Daoism and Buddhism.
Mihaly Csikszentmihályi and others began researching flow after Csikszentmihályi became fascinated by artists who would essentially get lost in their work.
Artists, especially painters, got so immersed in their work that they would disregard their need for food, water and even sleep.
Researchers interested in optimal experiences and emphasizing positive experiences, especially in places such as schools and the business world, also began studying the theory of flow at this time.
For the most part (except for basic bodily feelings like hunger and pain, which are innate), people are able to decide what they want to focus their attention on.
However, when one is in the flow state, they are completely engrossed with the one task at hand and, without making the conscious decision to do so, lose awareness of all other things: time, people, distractions, and even basic bodily needs.
According to Csikszentmihályi, this occurs because all of the attention of the person in the flow state is on the task at hand; there is no more attention to be allocated.
One's capacity and desire to overcome challenges in order to achieve their ultimate goals not only leads to the optimal experience, but also to a sense of life satisfaction overall.
The FQ requires individuals to identify definitions of flow and situations in which they believe that they have experienced flow, followed by a section that asks them to evaluate their personal experiences in these flow-inducing situations.
The FQ identifies flow as multiple constructs, therefore allowing the results to be used to estimate differences in the likelihood of experiencing flow across a variety of factors.
The ESM requires individuals to fill out the experience sampling form (ESF) at eight randomly chosen time intervals throughout the day.
The purpose of this is to understand subjective experiences by estimating the time intervals that individuals spend in specific states during everyday life.
The purpose of the categorical items is to determine the context and motivational aspects of the current actions (these items include: time, location, companionship/desire for companionship, activity being performed, reason for performing activity).
The scaled items are intended to measure the levels of a variety of subjective feelings that the individual may be experiencing.
The ESM is more complex than the FQ and contributes to the understanding of how flow plays out in a variety of situations, however the possible biases make it a risky choice.
The scales developed by Jackson and Eklund are the most commonly used in research, mainly because they are still consistent with Csíkszentmihályi's definition of flow and consider flow as being both a state and a trait.
Jackson and Eklund created two scales that have been proven to be psychometrically valid and reliable: the flow state scale-2 (which measures flow as a state) and the dispositional flow scale-2 (designed to measure flow as either a general trait or domain-specific trait).
The statistical analysis of the individual results from these scales gives a much more complete understanding of flow than the ESM and the FQ.
A flow state can be entered while performing any activity, although it is most likely to occur when one is wholeheartedly performing a task or activity for intrinsic purposes.
Passive activities like taking a bath or even watching TV usually do not elicit flow experiences as individuals have to actively do something to enter a flow state.
While the activities that induce flow may vary and be multifaceted, Csikszentmihályi asserts that the experience of flow is similar despite the activity.
However, it was argued that the antecedent factors of flow are interrelated, as a perceived balance between challenges and skills requires that one knows what they have to do (clear goals) and how successful they are in doing it (immediate feedback).
Antonella Delle Fave, who worked with Fausto Massimini at the University of Milan, now calls this graph the Experience Fluctuation Model.
This graph illustrates one further aspect of flow: it is more likely to occur when the activity at hand is a higher-than-average challenge (above the center point) and the individual has above-average skills (to the right of the center point).
The center of this graph (where the sectors meet) represents one's average levels of challenge and skill across all activities an individual performs during their daily life.
The further from the center an experience is, the greater the intensity of that state of being (whether it is flow or anxiety or boredom or relaxation).
One is that it does not ensure a perceived balance between challenges and skills which is supposed to be the central precondition of flow experiences.
Individuals with a low average level of skills and a high average level of challenges (or the other way round) do not necessarily experience a fit between skills and challenges when both are above their individual average.
In addition, one study found that low challenge situations which were surpassed by skill were associated with enjoyment, relaxation, and happiness, which, they claim, is contrary to flow theory.
Schaffer also published a measure, the flow condition questionnaire (FCQ), to measure each of these seven flow conditions for any given task or activity.
Being in a state of apathy is characterized when challenges are low and one's skill level is low producing a general lack of interest in the task at hand.
Boredom is a slightly different state in that it occurs when challenges are low, but one's skill level exceeds those challenges causing one to seek higher challenges.
A state of anxiety occurs when challenges are so high that they exceed one's perceived skill level causing one great distress and uneasiness.
These states in general differ from being in a state of flow, in that flow occurs when challenges match one's skill level.
Csíkszentmihályi hypothesized that people with several very specific personality traits may be better able to achieve flow more often than the average person.
Being Autotelic means having a self-contained activity, one that is done not with the expectation of some future benefit, but simply to experience it as the main goal.
Experimental evidence shows that a balance between skills of the individual and demands of the task (compared to boredom and overload) only elicits flow experiences in individuals characterized by an internal locus of control or a habitual action orientation.
When groups cooperate to agree on goals and patterns, social flow, commonly known as group cohesion, is much more likely to occur.
Only Csíkszentmihályi seems to have published suggestions for extrinsic applications of the flow concept, such as design methods for playgrounds to elicit the flow experience.
Csíkszentmihályi states that overlearning enables the mind to concentrate on visualizing the desired performance as a singular, integrated action instead of a set of actions.
Around 2000, it came to the attention of Csíkszentmihályi that the principles and practices of the Montessori Method of education seemed to purposefully set up continuous flow opportunities and experiences for students.
Research has shown that performers in a flow state have a heightened quality of performance as opposed to when they are not in a flow state.
In a study performed with professional classical pianists who played piano pieces several times to induce a flow state, a significant relationship was found between the flow state of the pianist and the pianist's heart rate, blood pressure, and major facial muscles.
In spite of the effortless attention and overall relaxation of the body, the performance of the pianist during the flow state improved.
Mixed martial arts champion and Karate master Lyoto Machida uses meditation techniques before fights to attain mushin, a concept that, by his description, is in all respects equal to flow.
Csíkszentmihályi may have been the first to describe this concept in Western psychology, he was most certainly not the first to quantify the concept of flow or develop applications based on the concept.
For millennia, practitioners of Eastern religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism and later in Islamic Sufism have honed the discipline of overcoming the duality of self and object as a central feature of spiritual development.
Eastern spiritual practitioners such as Patanjali, the author of Yoga Sutras, have developed a very thorough and holistic set of theories around overcoming duality of self and object, tested and refined through spiritual practice instead of the systematic rigor and controls of modern science.
Practitioners of the varied schools of Zen Buddhism apply concepts similar to flow to aid their mastery of art forms, including, in the case of Japanese Zen Buddhism: Cha-no-yu, Kyūdō, Aikido, Cheng Hsin, Judo, Honkyoku, Kendo and Ikebana.
In Sufi Islam, the first mental state that precedes human action is known as jila al-khatir, which roughly translates to 'cleansing the heart'.
Flow in games and gaming has been linked to the laws of learning as part of the explanation for why learning-games (the use of games to introduce material, improve understanding, or increase retention) have the potential to be effective.
This is exhibited in well designed games, in particular, where players perform at the edge of their competency as they are guided by clear goals and feedback.
Thus, the experience of gaming can be so engaging and motivating as it meets many of the laws of learning, which are inextricably connected to creating flow.
Horror games often keep challenges significantly above the player's level of competency in order to foster a continuous feeling of anxiety.
The primary goal of games is to create entertainment through intrinsic motivation, which is related to flow; that is, without intrinsic motivation it is virtually impossible to establish flow.
Thus, the use of flow in games helps foster an enjoyable experience which in turn increases motivation and draws players to continue playing.
Overall, the experience of play is fluid and is intrinsically psychologically rewarding independent of scores or in-game successes in the flow state.
A simplified modification to flow has been combined with the technology acceptance model (TAM) to help guide the design of and explain the adoption of intrinsically motivated computer systems.
HMS are systems used primarily to fulfill users' intrinsic motivations, such for online gaming, virtual worlds, online shopping, learning/education, online dating, digital music repositories, social networking, online pornography, gamified systems, and for general gamification.
Instead of a minor, TAM extension, HMSAM is an HMS-specific system acceptance model based on an alternative theoretical perspective, which is in turn grounded in flow-based concept of cognitive absorption (CA).
The HMSAM further builds on van der Heijden's (2004) model of hedonic system adoption by including CA as a key mediator of perceived ease of use (PEOU) and of behavioral intentions to use (BIU) hedonic-motivation systems.
CA is construct that is grounded in the seminal flow literature, yet CA has traditionally been used as a static construct, as if all five of its subconstructs occur at the same time—in direct contradiction to the flow literature.
Thus, part of HMSAM's contribution is to return CA closer to its flow roots by re-ordering these CA subconstructs into more natural process-variance order as predicted by flow.
Conditions of flow, defined as a state in which challenges and skills are equally matched, play an extremely important role in the workplace.
In his consultation work, Csikszentmihályi emphasizes finding activities and environments that are conducive to flow, and then identifying and developing personal characteristics to increase experiences of flow.
Applying these methods in the workplace, can improve morale by fostering a sense of greater happiness and accomplishment, which may be correlated with increased performance.
Some consultants suggest that the experience sampling form (EMS) method be used for individuals and teams in the workplace in order to identify how time is currently being spent, and where focus should be redirected to in order to increase flow experiences.
Some commercial organisations have used the concept of flow in building corporate branding and identity for example The Floow Limited which created its company brand from the concept.
He explains that while some tasks at work may fit into a larger, organization plan, the individual worker may not see where their individual task fits it.
Second, limited feedback about one's work can reduce motivation and leaves the employee unaware of whether or not they did a good job.
When there is little communication of feedback, an employee may not be assigned tasks that challenge them or seem important, which could potentially prevent an opportunity for flow.
They found that activities such as planning, problem solving, and evaluation predicted transient flow states, but that more stable job characteristics were not found to predict flow at work.
This study can help us identify which task at work can be cultivated and emphasized in order to help employees experience flow on the job.
However, further empirical evidence is required to substantiate these preliminary indications, as flow researchers continue to explore the problem of how to directly investigate causal consequences of flow experiences using modern scientific instrumentation to observe the neuro-physiological correlates of the flow state.
Also, Csikszentmihályi stated that happiness is derived from personal development and growth – and flow situations permit the experience of personal development.
Several studies found that flow experiences and positive affect go hand in hand, and that challenges and skills above the individual's average foster positive affect.
Flow has been linked to persistence and achievement in activities while also helping to lower anxiety during various activities and raise self-esteem.
Results of a longitudinal study in the academic context indicate that the causal effect of flow on performance is only of small magnitude and the strong relationship between the two is driven by an effect of performance on flow.
In the long run, flow experiences in a specific activity may lead to higher performance in that activity as flow is positively correlated with a higher subsequent motivation to perform and to perform well.
It is good only in that it has the potential to make life more rich, intense, and meaningful; it is good because it increases the strengths and complexity of the self.
But whether the consequence of any particular instance of flow is good in a larger sense needs to be discussed and evaluated in terms of more inclusive social criteria.
Just as prisms and antiprisms are generally not considered Archimedean solids, so bipyramids and trapezohedra are generally not considered Catalan solids, despite being face-transitive.
Two of the Catalan solids are chiral: the pentagonal icositetrahedron and the pentagonal hexecontahedron, dual to the chiral snub cube and snub dodecahedron.
Rectification and snub also exist with tetrahedral symmetry, but they are Platonic instead of Archimedean, so their duals are Platonic instead of Catalan.
Robert Bellamy, an agent of the ONI receives a mision on behalf of NSA: to locate the witnesses of the crash of an experimental meteorological balloon in Switzerland, for which he is only given the date, the place where it happened, and the fact that the witnesses were passengers of a bus tour.
Without his knowledge, the names of the witnesses are then communicated to the intelligence organizations of their respective countries, and each of them is assassinated shortly after.
Robert's personal history is shown through flashbacks: he rose in the military ranks under the mentorship of Admiral Ralph Whittaker, and during a combat flight in Vietnam his plane was taken down, with Whittaker son's dying in the crash and Robert being badly injured.
Doctors declare that he has no chance of survival, but a nurse named Susan convinces them to operate on him and encourages him to keep his fighting spirit.
Robert is then recruited to become a spy for ONI, but this job takes over his personal life until Susan divorces him and marries a business tycoon named Monte Banks, while Robert isolates himself and dedicates even more to his work.
In a conversation with the last witness, he mentions to Robert an additional one, a woman whom he hadn't seen in the bus.
When Robert tries to contact the other bus passengers to corroborate this information, he finds out that all of them are dead.
He deduces that this is an international effort since they died in different countries, and he also concludes that the final step of the operation would be his own death to eliminate all knowledge about the alien ship.
Li explains to him about Operation Doomsday, revealing that aliens have been in communication with the governments of Earth for a while, demanding a stop of industrial pollution to save the Earth's environment, before revealing that he is a member of the operation and shooting Robert.
Robert wins the fight and kills him, but he is badly wounded and realizes that he will eventually be killed unless he negotiates.
The mysterious last witness is revealed to be an alien that survived the crash of the spaceship and disguised herself as a woman.
She contacts Robert through a piece of the spaceship that he got from one of the witnesses, and they arrange to meet back in Switzerland where the ship crashed.
He also confesses that he sabotaged Robert's marriage to keep him at ONI, and eventually decided to have him killed for not being committed enough to his job.
Monte Banks is revealed to be part of the Doomsday conspiracy, as he owns many industries that would lose money if they weren't able to pollute.
According to the 2001 census, 75.88% of the population are competent in the Welsh language, compared to roughly 61% in Carmarthenshire as a whole and 21.8% in Wales as a whole.
Ammanford railway station is a stop on the Heart of Wales Line, with trains to Llanelli and Swansea to the south and Shrewsbury to the north.
The north–south road from Llandeilo and Llandybie went to Betws, and the east–west road from the Amman Valley went to Penybanc and Tycroes, and further afield, both converging at a crossroads (now Ammanford Square).
This in turn led to the development of coaching inns or staging inns and taverns catering for the needs of the traveller.
The community of Cross Inn centred on the activity of the cross road, along with a small group of low-grade cottages sited in the vicinity of Carregaman Isaf which became known as Pentrefacas.
This rapid growth appeared to have been the reason for changing the name of the village, as there was already another village in Carmarthenshire called Cross Inn.
Prominent citizens convened a public meeting with a view to changing the name, and there was overwhelming support for the proposal, especially amongst the strong representation of church and chapel members who perhaps resented the hamlet bearing the name of a public house – the largest chapel in the village was then known as Cross Inn Chapel.
There is still an engraved stone in the grounds of the chapel, now called Gellimanwydd or the Christian Temple, bearing its original name.
Several public meetings followed and eventually it was decided to refer the choice of a new name to a group of prominent local dignitaries.
On 20 November, the nominated committee met at the Ivorites Hall (on Hall Street, which took its name from this building).
A. Morris of Wernolau, and seconded by Mr. W. Jones of the Cross Inn Hotel, that from this time forth, the village should be known as Ammanford.
After the vote was taken, the chairman of the meeting, Watkin Hezekiah Williams (Watcyn Wyn), a local schoolmaster, could not resist announcing that 'Cross Inn' had finally been 'crossed out'.
Coal attracted investment which led to various companies, one of which was the Llanelly Railway and Dock Company, building an elaborate transport system of railways.
The first railway was opened in 1840, linking Llanelli with Ammanford, reaching Brynamman by 1842 and later extending northwards to Llandeilo and beyond (see Ammanford railway station).
Within a relatively short period of time, what was once a quiet and tranquil agricultural community changed to a bustling town, hungry to absorb the land of old established farmsteads.
The population increased explosively, with many of the migrants and their families coming from English language-speaking areas of Wales as well as from England, Scotland and Ireland.
Ammanford was part of the Carmarthenshire county constituency until it was divided in 1885 whereupon the town was located in the East Carmarthen constituency which was held until its abolition in 1918 by the Liberal Party.
However, in 1997, Ammanford was transferred to the new Carmarthen East and Dinefwr seat which was captured in 2001 by Adam Price of Plaid Cymru.
Ammanford formed part of the ancient parish of Llandybie although the parish church at Betws was much closer to the town.
The nonconformist denominations, in contrast, were far more active and Ammanford was an important location as the 1904–1905 Welsh Revival unfolded.
The Ammanford Anthracite Strike was a riot at Ammanford in 1925 during a strike by anthracite miners who took control of the town by force and violence for 10 days.
play in the Welsh Football League Second Division, while rugby union team Ammanford RFC were formed in 1887 and play in the Welsh Rugby Union leagues.
They won the South Wales Premier Cricket League in 2012 but in 2013 got relegated back to the South Wales Cricket Association 1st Division.
Like other prinias, it often holds the tail upright but it is easily told by a smoky grey band across the breast which contrasts with a white throat.
In the breeding plumage the upperparts are grey while non-breeding birds are pale above with rufous wings and a weak supercilium.
These long warblers have a longish grey tail with graduated feathers that are tipped in white, they have strong pinkish legs and a short black bill.
They have a rufous wing panel and the upperparts are smoky grey during the breeding season and olive brown in the non-breeding period.
The distribution extends from Himalayan foothills to Southern India and to eastern Indian states Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya and Assam.
The male sings from a high perch and also performs aerobatic manoeuvers with rising and falling before diving with song notes.
The nest is a cup of grass placed between leaves that are sewn together with cobwebs and resembles the nest of a common tailorbird but tends to be placed closer to the ground.
Awad, a Palestinian Christian (a member of the Greek Orthodox Church), was born in 1943 in Jerusalem when it was under the British Mandate.
When Awad was five years old, his father was killed during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and he became a refugee in the Old City of Jerusalem.
He was given the right to Israeli citizenship in 1967 when East Jerusalem was annexed by Israel after the Six-Day War but refused and kept his Jordanian citizenship.
In the 1960s he moved to the United States to study at the Mennonite Bluffton University and received a BA in social work and sociology.
He went on to obtain an MS in education from Saint Francis University and a PhD in psychology from the International Graduate School of Saint Louis University.
Among the tactics employed was the planting of olive trees on proposed Israeli settlements, asking people not to pay taxes and encouraging people to eat and drink Palestinian products.
In the Middle East he is often referred to as the Arab Gandhi due to the similarity between his teachings of the power of nonviolence and those of Mahatma Gandhi in India during the British Raj.
Awad claimed, with strong support from U.S. consular officials, that under international conventions Israel did not have the right to expel him from his place of birth and he refused to leave.
The court ruled that he had forfeited his right to residence status in Israel when he became a U.S. citizen and he was deported in June 1988.
In 1989, Awad founded Nonviolence International, a non-governmental organization in Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
He is an Adjunct Professor in the School of International Service where he teaches classes in the theories and methods of nonviolence.
Henry Venn (1725 in Barnes, Surrey, England – 1797), was an English evangelical minister and one of the founders of the Clapham Sect, an influential evangelical group within the Church of England.
After holding a curacy at Barton, Cambridgeshire, he became curate of both St Matthew, Friday Street, in the City of London, and of West Horsley, Surrey, in 1750.
In 1754 he became curate of Clapham and was also elected lecturer of St Swithin's, London Stone and St Alban's Wood Street.
In 1771 he exchanged to the living of Yelling, Huntingdonshire where he drew as visitors William Faris, Joseph Jowett, Thomas Robinson and Charles Simeon.
His grandson, also named Henry Venn (10 February 1796 - 13 January 1873), was honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841 to 1873.
Norodom Suramarit () (6 March 1896 – 3 April 1960) was King of Cambodia from 2 March 1955 until his death in 1960.
Following Suramarit's death in 1960, Sihanouk became head of state once more (although he did not formally regain the title of king until 1993).
The history of the university dates back to 1908, when the Park building opened as a Municipal college and public library.
It was previously known as Portsmouth Polytechnic until 1992, when it was granted university status through the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
The university offers a range of disciplines, from Pharmacy, International relations and politics, to Mechanical Engineering, Paleontology, Criminology, Criminal Justice, among others.
The Guardian University Guide 2018 ranked its Sports Science number one in England, while Criminology, English, Social Work, Graphic Design and Fashion and Textiles courses are all in the top 10 across all universities in the UK.
The roots of the University can be traced back even further to the Portsmouth and Gosport School of Science and the Arts.
From 1945 to 1960 the college diversified its syllabus adding arts and humanities subjects after World War II, in response to a decline in the need for engineering skills.
This did not hinder its expansion or reputation, as from 1960 to 1980 it opened the Frewen library, gained Polytechnic status and became one of the largest polytechnics by the late 1980s.
As a new university, it could validate its own degrees, under the provision of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
It also houses a restaurant for the students and provides accommodation for 565 students in three halls of residence: Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother (QEQM), Trust Hall and Langstone Flats.
Langstone Campus used to be home of the University's School of Languages and Area Studies, which has since moved into Park Building in the University Quarter.
This area contains most of the university's teaching facilities and nearly all of the Student Halls of residence (except the Langstone student village and two halls (Rees Hall and Burrell House) located on Southsea Terrace.
The University has also recently invested in the Faculty of Science, in particular by renovating the aluminium-clad main building, St Michael's, adjacent to James Watson Hall, named after the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA.
It provides a unique environment in which all aspects of creative thinking will flourish and develop by combining creative schools from across the university.
This involves the University of Portsmouth providing academic guidance and academic accreditation for the education of 4,200 students with technical roles in armed services and a few civilian employers in the Sultanate of Oman.
This has been criticised by the student Amnesty International Society and by Campaign Against the Arms Trade who consider Oman an authoritarian regime, likely to use military capabilities on their own citizens or in regional conflicts.
The Chancellor is largely a ceremonial role; Portsmouth is run day-to-day by the Vice-Chancellor, presently Graham Galbraith, along with a single integrated decision-making body known as the University Executive Board https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/university-executive-board.
This includes Pro Vice-Chancellors, the Director of Finance and the Executive Deans of Faculties, together with the Chief Operating Officer, the Director of Human Resources and the University Secretary and Clerk.
The University of Portsmouth is worth £1.1 billion to the British economy and brings £476 million to the city, an independent assessment in 2017 has shown.
In two subject areas respectively - Allied Health Professions, Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy, and Physics - 90% and 89% of all research submitted was rated as world leading and internationally excellent.
In 2015, the University of Portsmouth won a £272,000 award from the Education and Training Foundation to research how best to deliver study programmes in the UK.
In 2016, Dr Victoria Wang and Professor Mark Button, of the Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, were awarded £299,355 by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council to investigate unintended consequences of data release, including those associated with issues of trust, identity, privacy and security.
In 2017 Alessandro Melis and Steffen Lehmann created the interdisciplinary project CRUNCH: Climate Resilient Urban Nexus Choices: Operationalising the Food-Water-Energy Nexus.
The University of Portsmouth is one of only four universities in the south east to achieve the highest Gold rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF).
Portsmouth was rated in the top 401 – 500 universities in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2017.
The University of Portsmouth Students’ Union (UPSU) is a registered charity that represents and supports all UoP students, who automatically become members upon registering for their course.
The Students’ Union offers members support services, development opportunities and represent them at different levels throughout the University, in the community and beyond.
The service delivers a range of academic & non-academic, information, advice, and guidance to the students of the University of Portsmouth and partner institutions.
The Students' Union offers a range of sports clubs which are administered by the Athletic Union The sports range from traditional team games like athletics, football, cricket, rugby union, netball, trampolining, and table tennis to octopush (a form of underwater hockey), lacrosse and pole dancing.
The University's Cricket Club were also crowned BUCS National Champions in 2019 after a successful indoor campaign, with the final being held in Birmingham.
The dopaminergic neurons of the mesolimbic pathway project onto the GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle.
Each cerebral hemisphere has its own nucleus accumbens, which can be divided into two structures: the nucleus accumbens core and the nucleus accumbens shell.
Different NAcc subregions (core vs shell) and neuron subpopulations within each region (D1-type vs D2-type medium spiny neurons) are responsible for different cognitive functions.
As a whole, the nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of motivation, aversion, reward (i.e., incentive salience, pleasure, and positive reinforcement), and reinforcement learning (e.g., Pavlovian-instrumental transfer); hence, it has a significant role in addiction.
Major glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus accumbens include the prefrontal cortex (particularly the prelimbic cortex and infralimbic cortex), basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, thalamic nuclei (specifically the midline thalamic nuclei and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus), and glutamatergic projections from the ventral tegmental area.
Another major source of input comes from the CA1 and ventral subiculum of the hippocampus to the dorsomedial area of the nucleus accumbens.
Slight depolarizations of cells in the nucleus accumbens correlates with positivity of the neurons of the hippocampus, making them more excitable.
The correlated cells of these excited states of the medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens are shared equally between the subiculum and CA1.
The nucleus accumbens is one of the few regions that receive histaminergic projections from the tuberomammillary nucleus (the sole source of histamine neurons in the brain).
The output neurons of the nucleus accumbens send axonal projections to the basal ganglia and the ventral analog of the globus pallidus, known as the ventral pallidum (VP).
The VP, in turn, projects to the medial dorsal nucleus of the dorsal thalamus, which projects to the prefrontal cortex as well as the striatum.
Other efferents from the nucleus accumbens include connections with the tail of the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, and the reticular formation of the pons.
Location: The shell is the outer region of the nucleus accumbens, and – unlike the core – is considered to be part of the extended amygdala, located at its rostral pole.
Cell types: Neurons in the nucleus accumbens are mostly medium spiny neurons (MSNs) containing mainly D1-type (i.e., DRD1 and DRD5) or D2-type (i.e., DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4) dopamine receptors.
A subpopulation of MSNs contain both D1-type and D2-type receptors, with approximately 40% of striatal MSNs expressing both DRD1 and DRD2 mRNA.
The neurons in the shell, as compared to the core, have a lower density of dendritic spines, less terminal segments, and less branch segments than those in the core.
The shell neurons project to the subcommissural part of the ventral pallidum as well as the ventral tegmental area and to extensive areas in the hypothalamus and extended amygdala.
That NAcc shell has also been shown to mediate specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer, a phenomenon in which a classically conditioned stimulus modifies operant behavior.
The D1-type medium spiny neurons in the Nacc shell mediate reward-related cognitive processes, whereas the D2-type medium spiny neurons in the NAcc shell mediate aversion-related cognition.
Cell types: The core of the NAcc is made up mainly of medium spiny neurons containing mainly D1-type or D2-type dopamine receptors.
The neurons in the core, as compared to the neurons in the shell, have an increased density of dendritic spines, branch segments, and terminal segments.
Function: The nucleus accumbens core is involved in the cognitive processing of motor function related to reward and reinforcement and the regulation of slow-wave sleep.
The NAcc core has also been shown to mediate general Pavlovian-instrumental transfer, a phenomenon in which a classically conditioned stimulus modifies operant behavior.
Approximately 95% of neurons in the NAcc are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) which primarily express either D1-type or D2-type receptors; about 1–2% of the remaining neuronal types are large aspiny cholinergic interneurons and another 1–2% are GABAergic interneurons.
Compared to the GABAergic MSNs in the shell, those in the core have an increased density of dendritic spines, branch segments, and terminal segments.
Dopamine: Dopamine is released into the nucleus accumbens following exposure to rewarding stimuli, including recreational drugs like substituted amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine and morphine.
Phenethylamine and tyramine: Phenethylamine and tyramine are trace amines which are synthesized in neurons that express the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AADC) enzyme, which includes all dopaminergic neurons.
Both compounds function as dopaminergic neuromodulators which regulate the reuptake and release of dopamine into the Nacc via interactions with VMAT2 and TAAR1 in the axon terminal of mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
L-DOPA, steroids, and specifically glucocorticoids are currently known to be the only known endogenous compounds that can induce psychotic problems, so understanding the hormonal control over dopaminergic projections with regard to glucocorticoid receptors could lead to new treatments for psychotic symptoms.
A recent study demonstrated that suppression of the glucocorticoid receptors led to a decrease in the release of dopamine, which may lead to future research involving anti-glucocorticoid drugs to potentially relieve psychotic symptoms.
GABA: A recent study on rats that used GABA agonists and antagonists indicated that GABA receptors in the NAcc shell have inhibitory control on turning behavior influenced by dopamine, and GABA receptors have inhibitory control over turning behavior mediated by acetylcholine.
Serotonin (5-HT): Overall, 5-HT synapses are more abundant and have a greater number of synaptic contacts in the NAcc shell than in the core.
The nucleus accumbens, being one part of the reward system, plays an important role in processing rewarding stimuli, reinforcing stimuli (e.g., food and water), and those which are both rewarding and reinforcing (addictive drugs, sex, and exercise).
The predominant response of neurons in the nucleus accumbens to the reward sucrose is inhibition; the opposite is true in response to the administration of aversive quinine.
Substantial evidence from pharmacological manipulation also suggests that reducing the excitability of neurons in the nucleus accumbens is rewarding, as, for example, would be true in the case of μ-opioid receptor stimulation.
The blood oxygen level dependent signal (BOLD) in the nucleus accumbens is selectively increased during the perception of pleasant, emotionally arousing pictures and during mental imagery of pleasant, emotional scenes.
However, as BOLD is thought to be an indirect measure of regional net excitation to inhibition, the extent to which BOLD measures valence dependent processing is unknown.
Because of the abundance of NAcc inputs from limbic regions and strong NAcc outputs to motor regions, the nucleus accumbens has been described by Gordon Mogensen as the interface between the limbic and motor system.
The regions of the nucleus accumbens that can be ascribed a causal role in the production of pleasure are limited both anatomically and chemically, as besides opioid agonists only endocannabinoids can enhance liking.
In the nucleus accumbens as a whole, dopamine, GABA receptor agonist or AMPA antagonists solely modify motivation, while the same is true for opioid and endocannabinoids outside of the hotspot in the medial shell.
A rostro-caudal gradient exists for the enhancement of appetitive versus fearful responses, the later of which is traditionally thought to require only D1 receptor function, and the former of which requires both D1 and D2 function.
One interpretation of this finding, the disinhibition hypothesis, posits that inhibition of accumbens MSNs(which are GABAergic) disinhibits downstream structures, enabling the expression of appetitive or consummatory behaviors.
Stressful conditions can expand the fear inducing regions, while a familiar environment can reduce the size of the fear inducing region.
Furthermore, cortical input from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) biases the response towards that of appetitive behavior, and infralimbic input, equivalent to the human subgenual cingulate cortex, suppresses the response regardless of valence.
One task where the effect of NAcc lesions is evident is Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT), where a cue paired with a specific or general reward can enhance instrumental responding.
In the dorsal striatum, a dichotomy has been observed between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs, with the former being reinforcing and enhancing locomotion, and the latter being aversive and reducing locomotion.
Such a distinction has been traditionally assumed to apply to the nucleus accumbens as well, but evidence from pharmacological and optogenetics studies is conflicting.
Furthermore, a subset of NAcc MSNs express both D1 and D2 MSNs, and pharmacological activation of D1 versus D2 receptors need not necessarily activate the neural populations exactly.
While most studies show no effect of selective optogenetic stimulation of D1 or D2 MSNs on locomotor activity, one study has reported a decrease in basal locomotion with D2-MSN stimulation.
NAcc D2-MSN activation has also been reported to enhance motivation, as assessed by PIT, and D2 receptor activity is necessary for the reinforcing effects of VTA stimulation.
An fMRI study conducted in 2005 found that when mother rats were in the presence of their pups the regions of the brain involved in reinforcement, including the nucleus accumbens, were highly active.
Activation of D1-type MSNs in the nucleus accumbens is involved in reward, whereas the activation of D2-type MSNs in the nucleus accumbens promotes aversion.
In late 2017, studies on rodents which utilized optogenetic and chemogenetic methods found that the indirect pathway (i.e., D2-type) medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens core which co-express adenosine A receptors and project to the ventral pallidum are involved in the regulation of slow-wave sleep.
In particular, optogenetic activation of these indirect pathway NAcc core neurons induces slow-wave sleep and chemogenetic activation of the same neurons increases the number and duration of slow-wave sleep episodes.
In contrast, the D2-type medium spiny neurons in the NAcc shell which express adenosine A receptors have no role in regulating slow-wave sleep.
The most important transcription factors that produce these alterations are ΔFosB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB).
ΔFosB is the most significant gene transcription factor in addiction since its viral or genetic overexpression in the nucleus accumbens is necessary and sufficient for many of the neural adaptations and behavioral effects (e.g., expression-dependent increases in self-administration and reward sensitization) seen in drug addiction.
ΔFosB overexpression has been implicated in addictions to alcohol (ethanol), cannabinoids, cocaine, methylphenidate, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, propofol, and substituted amphetamines, among others.
Increases in nucleus accumbens ΔJunD expression can reduce or, with a large increase, even block most of the neural alterations seen in chronic drug abuse (i.e., the alterations mediated by ΔFosB).
Natural rewards, like drugs of abuse, induce ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens, and chronic acquisition of these rewards can result in a similar pathological addictive state through ΔFosB overexpression.
Consequently, ΔFosB is the key transcription factor involved in addictions to natural rewards as well; in particular, ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens is critical for the reinforcing effects of sexual reward.
Research on the interaction between natural and drug rewards suggests that psychostimulants and sexual behavior act on similar biomolecular mechanisms to induce ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens and possess cross-sensitization effects that are mediated through ΔFosB.
After repeated pairing, these classically conditioned environmental stimuli (e.g., contexts and objects that are frequently paired with drug use) often become drug cues which function as secondary reinforcers of drug use (i.e., once these associations are established, exposure to a paired environmental stimulus triggers a craving or desire to use the drug which they've become associated with).
In contrast to drugs, the release of dopamine in the NAcc shell by many types of rewarding non-drug stimuli typically undergoes habituation following repeated exposure (i.e., the amount of dopamine that is released from future exposure to a rewarding non-drug stimulus normally decreases as a result of repeated exposure to that stimulus).
In April 2007, two research teams reported on having inserted electrodes into the nucleus accumbens in order to use deep brain stimulation to treat severe depression.
In 2010, experiments reported that deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens was successful in decreasing depression symptoms in 50% of patients who did not respond to other treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy.
Activation of the NAcc has been shown to occur in the anticipation of effectiveness of a drug when a user is given a placebo, indicating a contributing role of the nucleus accumbens in the placebo effect.
Amebelodon is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae (the so-called shovel-tuskers), a group of proboscideans related to the modern elephants and their close relative the mammoth.
The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elongated, and distinctly flattened with the degree of flattening varying among the different species.
There has long been an assumption that these lower tusks were actually used as shovels by the animal during feeding, presumably to dig up water plants.
However, an analysis of wear patterns has shown that these lower tusks were most likely used in a variety of ways in addition to shoveling, including scraping bark from trees.
Overall, the evidence indicates that this animal was a versatile browser (an animal that eats broad-leaved plants rather than grass), feeding in both wet and dry settings in a variety of ways.
The President also appoints members of the government, including the Tánaiste, the deputy head of government, on nomination of the Taoiseach.
The government is dependent upon the Oireachtas to make primary legislation and as such, the government needs to command a majority in the Dáil in order to ensure support and confidence for budgets and government bills to pass.
Membership of the cabinet is regulated by Article 28 of the Constitution of Ireland and by the Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 to 2017.
The Irish constitution requires the government to consist of between seven and fifteen members, all of whom must be a member of the Oireachtas.
Since the formation of the 12th Government of Ireland in 1966, all Irish cabinets have been formed with the constitutional maximum of fifteen ministers.
The total sometimes falls below this number for brief periods following the resignation of individual ministers or the withdrawal of a party from a coalition.
Since the adoption of the 1937 constitution, only two ministers have been appointed from the Seanad: Seán Moylan who served in 1957 as Minister for Agriculture and James Dooge who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1981 to 1982.
Members of the government in charge of Department of State are designated Ministers of Government (before 1977 a Minister of State).
For distinction, Ministers of State (known before 1977 as Parliamentary Secretaries) — informally called junior ministers — are not members of the Government, but assist the Government Ministers in their Departments.
A minister without portfolio may be appointed to the Government who is not the head of a Department of State; this occurred in 1939 during the period of the Emergency when Frank Aiken served as Minister for the Co-ordination of Defensive Measures until 1945.
Non members have no voting rights at Cabinet but may otherwise participate fully, and normally receive circulated cabinet papers on the same basis as a full member of Government.
The Government is advised by the Attorney General, who is not formally a member of the Government, but who participates in cabinet meetings as part of their role as legal advisor to the Government.
This will either be after a general election, or after the nomination of a Taoiseach during the lifetime of a Dáil term.
This applies only in cases of a no-confidence vote or loss of supply (rejection of a budget), rather than a government bill being rejected.
The President may refuse to grant a dissolution to a Taoiseach who does not enjoy the support of the Dáil, thus forcing the resignation of the Taoiseach.
Upon the dissolution of Dáil Éireann, ministers are no longer members of the Oireachtas, and therefore at first glance ineligible for office.
In some other parliamentary regimes, the head of state is the nominal chief executive, though bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet.
Actions of departments are carried out under the title of ministers even, as is commonly the case, when the minister has little knowledge of the details of these actions.
If the Government, or any member of the government, should fail to fulfil its constitutional duties, it may be ordered to do so by a court of law, by a writ of .
On the independence of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922, the Provisional Government became the Executive Council of the Irish Free State.
On 29 December 1937, on the coming into force of the Constitution of Ireland, the Eighth Executive Council of the Irish Free State became the First Government of Ireland.
The detail and structure of the Government of Ireland has its legislative basis in the Ministers and Secretaries Act 1924; it has been amended on a number occasions, and these may be cited together as the Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 to 2017 and are construed together as one Act.
The Taoiseach has almost always been the leader of that party, with John A. Costello, Taoiseach from 1948 to 1951 and from 1954 to 1957, the only exception to this rule.
The Department of Public Expenditure and Reform defines the public service as comprising seven sectors: the Civil Service, Defence Sector, Education Sector, Health Sector, Justice Sector, Local Authorities and Non-Commercial State Agencies; such as Bord Bia, IDA Ireland and the Commission for Energy Regulation.
Commercial state-owned bodies such as RTÉ, ESB Group and An Post are not considered part of the public service in Ireland.
The largest sector is the health sector with over 105,000 employees (largely in the Health Service Executive), followed by the education sector with approximately 98,450.
The civil service is expected to maintain political impartiality in its work, and some parts of it are entirely independent of Government decision making.
Leo Varadkar was elected as Taoiseach by Dáil Éireann on 14 June 2017, and the Dáil approved the new government later that day.
Organised by the British Army, starting in 1960, it brings together teams of six young people each, with the 2,400 young participants hiking to checkpoints on ten specified tors.
The majority of entrants are schools, colleges, Scout groups and Cadet squadrons from South West England, though groups from across the UK have regularly taken part, as have teams from Australia and New Zealand.
However, from 2012 only teams from the South West of England are eligible to take part, due to the large numbers of entrants.
It is most commonly known as a step up from the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award as the 55 Mile challenge is considered to be far more difficult.
Up to two members per team may fall out during the Challenge; teams falling below this number could merge in earlier years, while later rules required a badly reduced team to forfeit.
The organisers stress that the event is not a race – although teams often compete to see who can finish first – but a test of endurance, navigation and survival skills, because of not just the distances and the challenging terrain, but potentially also the weather; conditions on Dartmoor can vary considerably and change suddenly.
In 1996, for example, the event was struck by a heavy snow storm, leading to some teams still being out on the moor a day after the event was due to have finished; while in 1998 temperatures reached 26 °C (79 °F).
Participants arrive at Okehampton Camp on the Thursday or Friday before the hike, watch a safety briefing video and have their equipment checked, a thorough process known as scrutineering.
Teams must carry all their food, clothing, tents, stoves, fuel, navigation equipment, maps, emergency rations and a first aid kit; they also collect drinking water from the moor and use water purification tablets.
Each team has a nominated team leader, who is responsible for ensuring that the team's route card is stamped at each tor.
All the teams start at 0700 on the Saturday from an area of flat land next to Anthony Stile, close to Okehampton Camp on the northern edge of Dartmoor.
Teams must not pass through a checkpoint between 2200 on Saturday and 0600 on Sunday morning; nor may they pass the eighth tor until the Sunday.
Those on 35 mile routes must camp at one of the manned tors on their route, while 45 and 55 mile teams may camp anywhere on the moor (minimum of 1km away from any checkpoints).
Teams must arrive back at Anthony Stile by 1700 on the Sunday, having visited all ten tors on their route in order, to qualify for a medal and complimentary pasty.
This responsibility passed to Headquarters South West District, and in 1986 to 43 (Wessex) Brigade, the regional Headquarters of the Territorial Army in the South West.
Many military units and civilian groups provide support for this event and the Jubilee Challenge, including the Royal Wessex Yeomanry, Exeter UOTC, 243 Field Hospital RAMC, 6th Battalion The Rifles, two Sea King HC4 helicopters from 848 Naval Air Squadron, 39 (Skinners) Signal Regiment, two Gazelle helicopters from 7 Regiment Army Air Corps (Volunteers), Bristol UOTC and the Dartmoor Rescue Group.
The first ever Junior Army Team from Junior Leaders Regiment Royal Armoured Corps JLR RAC finished the Gold Course with 24 minutes to spare, despite several of the six-strong team having severe foot injuries.
They were cheered home by an honour guard of Royal Marines and Paratroopers who walked with the boys over the last mile.
Requests from Tor party commanders, two of whom had their tents destroyed, added to pressure to abandon the event, and there was a mass evacuation of the moor on the Sunday afternoon, the first time the event had been terminated early.
In 2004 the Ten Tors record for earliest complete team home was broken by R1809, Dartmoor Plodders, with a time of 08:19.
In 2005, one of the original teams from the 1960 Ten Tors took part in the event, which was held on 14–15 May in particularly adverse weather conditions: constant rain on the Saturday, combined with a bitter wind, leading to an unusually high number of retirements.
In 2006, the event was held over the weekend of 13–14 May, with high temperatures on the Sunday resulting in several cases of dehydration.
On Sunday 4 March 2007, Charlotte Shaw was swept away by the rain-swollen Walla Brook near Watern Tor, while training for the event.
The rest of her group raised the alarm using a mobile phone, but despite her being evacuated by a Royal Navy helicopter within 20 minutes, she died later that night in Derriford Hospital, Plymouth.
The event itself was abandoned at 21:30 on Saturday 12 May 2007, halfway through, due to severe weather conditions; the decision was influenced by the high drop-out rate of 15% on Saturday.
Participants spent the night camped at a manned Tor, before being escorted off the moor by the military the following day.
From 2008 the event was much changed, with different routes and use of the moor to help bird conservation in the nesting season.
The 2008 event was a total contrast to the previous years, with temperatures in the low 20s Celsius, and participants dropping out because of dehydration rather than hypothermia.
In 2009 the Ten Tors' record for the earliest complete team home since the rule change was broken with a time of 08:17 by 20th Torbay Explorer Scouts.
For the first time an all-girls team, from Torquay Grammar School for Girls also broke the record for successfully completing the 35-, 45- and 55-mile events consecutively and with the same team members (Tamsin Owen, Joyce Nie, Francesca Hill, Amelia Skerritt, Rebecca Stanley and Hannah Short).
To mark the occasion the Duke of Edinburgh visited the event on Sunday morning to speak to finishers and present some with the commemorative 50 years medals.
It also marked the first year that teams carried a GPS tracker which enabled the organisers and team managers to track the participants' progress directly.
The first finishers were 20th Torbay Explorer Scouts (Joshua Owen, Matthew Ryder, Luke Hayward, Jacob Shah, Paul Moroz and William Fordyce) and King Edward's School Bath who walked over the line together at 7.37 to break the record for earliest finishers by 40 minutes, and also finishing four and a half hours ahead of any other team on their route.
Notable other finishers were the 'Denbury Boys' who, made up of men who completed the first ever Ten Tors, successfully completed the 35 mile event.
The 2011 Challenge started under a clear blue sky, but cloud obscured the tops of *West Mill and *High Willhays even then.
Sunday was very similar with the first finishers (M1306 - Downend Scouts, at 08:35 Route M listing, 2011) walking in under a blue sky, but again the cloud gathered through the day.
The largely overcast and cool weekend was almost perfect walking weather - of the 390 teams which started 374 (95%) walked over the finish line, and of those finishing teams 316 (81%) walked in with all six team members.
Sixteen teams either retired (just 7, less than 2%) or were 'crashed out', but even here the statistics are impressive – in the previous 15 years teams are noted as stopping at their second Tor onwards.
The first team to reach the finish line was the Torquay Boys' Grammar School 45-mile team, who reached camp at 8:56am.
They were soon followed by both Torbay Explorer Scouts and Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School 45-mile team, who performed an excellent display of sportsmanship by finishing the last kilometre of the course side by side, despite a failure in the alarm of the QEH team, delaying the team by a full hour.
The first 35-mile team to cross the finish was Churcher's College, Hampshire, getting back to cap with a record breaking time of 09:21 on the Sunday morning.
The first all-girl team to reach the finish line, The Maynard 35-mile team, got back to camp at 10:20, setting a new time record for the school.
The 2012 event was notable for the selfless efforts of one team, X2414 Kingsbridge Community College (55), who were on schedule to complete their route shortly after 16:00 when they diverted to answer the distress whistles of another team which had two of its members trapped chest deep in Raybarrow Pool.
After calling in the Dartmoor Rescue Group and helping the other team, X2414 walked in at 17:19, almost twenty minutes after the close of the event - this would normally debar a team from receiving their awards.
Swollen rivers from rain over the previous weeks meant that river crossings were hazardous; teams were offered advice on the best places to cross by Dartmoor Mountain Rescue.
Some young people stayed at river crossings for a number of hours, selflessly helping others to cross whilst putting their own chances of finishing on hold.
Especially on Saturday, navigation became extremely difficult as fog and mist reduced visibility to as low as 10 metres: a few less experienced 35 mile teams did not even make their first tor.
The weather lifted overnight and gave teams a break from the rain, but this brought near-freezing temperatures across the whole moor.
Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School 45 mile team S1915 were the first team to make it across the finish line on the Sunday morning at 9:20, over four hours ahead of any other team on their route.
Whilst the rain was beginning to lash down and the traditional Dartmoor high winds persisted, the team sacrificed their finishing time (12:15) to show the spirit and good humour that makes Ten Tors.
By 11:00 on Sunday morning, over 300 people had dropped out, and by the end of the day the number of people who would not complete had increased to over 500.
They came over the line at 8.24am and was a mixed team: Olivia Hart, Francesca Hussell, Jerome Greig, Ben Kelson, Edward Rodge and Owen Tutt, around 45 minutes ahead of all other teams.
In the 55 mile event, Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School were the first to finish, followed a whole two minutes later by the slower King Edward's school.
Second time in a row the first team to finish was the 35 mile CCF team from Churcher's College, Petersfield, Hants.
They crossed the finish line at 9.10am on a foggy Sunday morning consisting of 14- to 15-year-old boys: Julian Greig, Dylan Joseph, Joe Keohane, Archie Moffat, Sam Mullender and Jack Stubbings.
This was the 55th anniversary of Ten Tors, and to celebrate this, two teams of veterans were given special permission to take part.
Most of them had completed Ten Tors as teenagers in the 1970s whilst at school in Exeter, but none had had the opportunity to do the 55 mile route.
The first team to cross the finish line was Torbay Scouts who took part in the 35-mile (56 km) route at 8:51, followed by Monkton Combe CCF (8:59) The National Trust Dartmoor (9:03) (1 hr 50 ahead of anyone else on their route) KES Bath (9:08) and Exeter School's Blackdown Hikers A (9:10) (2 hrs 10 ahead of anyone else on their route).
They crossed the finish line at 10:52, team consisting of: Matt Domhof, Frank Hartley, Charlie King, Zoe Kuyken, Ellie Marok and Jonny Surtees (C).
At 13:25 a 45-mile team from Kingswood Explorer Scouts came across the line sporting very groovy Hawaiian outfits which was very fitting in the glorious sunshine.
The event also generated a light-hearted news story when the downdraught from a low-flying Royal Navy Merlin Mk3 helicopter blew away a row of portable toilets.
Adults were awarded for long service to Ten Tors with 1 40+ Platinum award, 1 30+ Diamond award and 5 20+ gold awards, including Jack Barker, from the Erme and Yealm Hillwalking Club/Ivybridge Community College receiving the Platinum and Diamond; plus Paul Johnson & Peter Challiss from Tavistock & District Youth Forum, receiving Gold for 20yrs service.
The event had the perfect weather conditions, with it not being too cold or too hot, leading to 84.9% of teams reaching the finish line complete.
First to finish were 20th Torbay Scouts, arriving back at the base camp at 08:19 Sunday, followed by Torquay Boys' Grammar School B at 08:37, who finished almost an hour before anyone else on their route after walking for 2.5 hours.
The first 55-mile team was that of Torquay Boys' Grammar School A, consisting of Joe Kingdon, Tom Snow, Matt Birdsall, Adam White, Harry Fox and Tom Gregory.
All the above tors are staffed by volunteers: ten are manned by personnel from the Royal Air Force and nine by Royal Navy colleagues.
All tors on the south moor have been removed after 2014, replaced by Peat Cot, south of Princetown, and new Safety Checkpoints were put in place to ensure the safety of participants, providing road access to the checkpoint for potential drop outs during the event.
Originally based in Georgetown, Indiana, PIX was based out of Bloomington, Indiana following brief stints in Olympia, Washington, Gainesville, Florida, and Cairo, Illinois.
PIX attempted to demonstrate that the practices of major record labels do not need to be duplicated by independent record labels in order to be successful.
They supported other small labels and encourage others to do so as well (and even go as far as to suggest starting your own label).
The label was run by Chris Johnston, who goes by the name Chris Clavin (For the band name Operation: Cliff Clavin) and his friends.
Chris is a former band member of , The Devil Is Electric, The Ted Dancin' Machine, Peanucle, The Sissies, Tooth Soup and The Jammy Dodgers.
Clavin closed the label in 2016, writing that since it was not financially possible to release music in a physical format, and since bands could now easily release their music on their own, the label had outlived its original purpose.
In August and September 2017, Clavin was accused of one act of non-consensual sexual contact and other incidents of interpersonal misconduct.
Many artists who worked with Plan-It-X made public statements condemning Clavin's alleged behavior and assured fans that their prior Plan-It-X releases, in most cases out of print, would not be re-released under the Plan-It-X name.
With the success of the 2004 fest, Plan-It-X decided to take the festival on the road the following year in 2005 with a number of their bands in a school bus.
The 7th (and rumored to be the final) Plan-It-X Fest took place in Spencer, IN from July 22nd to the 24th, 2016.
Artists performing included Ramshackle Glory, Ghost Mice, Terror Pigeon, The Wild, Pioneers Press author Adam Gnade, Super Famicon, Erin Tobey, Your Heart Breaks and many more.
Plan-It-X South is a part of the main Plan-It-X label, but is run by Teddy Helmick of This Bike Is a Pipe Bomb.
And since the releases are distributed through the main PIX catalog, it allows Teddy the opportunity to take part in the production and release of more music, distributed through a channel already proven successful.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised on the Massachusetts island of Martha's Vineyard, Muldaur started acting in high school and continued on through college, graduating from Sweet Briar College in Virginia in 1960.
She was at one point a board member of the Screen Actors Guild and was the first woman to serve as president of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (1983–1985).
Unfortunately, the soap, a comeback vehicle for Hollywood icon Lana Turner, was canceled early into the 1970 television season after 15 episodes.
Filming for the ambitious project, which co-starred Gary Collins, took place in Kenya and the NBC series, which debuted in Fall of 1974, lasted one season.
For Season 2 of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Roddenberry chose her specifically to replace the outgoing Gates McFadden, who was let go on the insistence of one of the show's first season producers.
She was also in the third-season episode of the Incredible Hulk, Homecoming, as David Banner's sister, starring Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno.
It is one of four forms of intercommunality, less integrated than a métropole or a communauté urbaine but more integrated than a communauté de communes.
Agglomeration communities consist of a commune of at least 15,000 inhabitants (or a prefecture with less than 15,000 inhabitants) and its independent suburbs.
As of April 2018, there are 222 agglomeration communities in France (207 in metropolitan France and 15 in the overseas departments).
The population (as of 2015) of the agglomeration communities ranges from 352,112 inhabitants (CA Roissy Pays de France) to 30,146 inhabitants (CA Grand Verdun).
Several former communautés d'agglomération have been converted into communautés urbaines or métropoles, for instance those of Strasbourg, Rouen, Saint-Étienne and Caen.
Since the creation of the métropoles in 2011, several former communautés urbaines have become métropoles, for instance Nice, Strasbourg, Marseille, Nancy and Dijon.
As of April 2018, there are 11 communautés urbaines in France (all in metropolitan France), with a combined population of 2.43 million inhabitants (as of 2015, in 2018 limits).
All of the urban areas in France with more than half a million inhabitants are a communauté urbaine or a métropole.
The mayors of the others cities are often also vice-presidents of the executive, the deputies-mayors are often members of the council, as are some members of the towns' councils.
Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils.
Moorland, nowadays, generally means uncultivated hill land (such as Dartmoor in South West England), but also includes low-lying wetlands (such as Sedgemoor, also South West England).
Generally, moor refers to highland and high rainfall zones whereas heath refers to lowland zones which are more likely to be the result of human activity.
Moorland also bears a relationship to tundra (where the subsoil is permafrost or permanently frozen soil), appearing as the tundra and the natural tree zone.
Oliver Rackham writes that pollen analysis shows that some moorland, such as in the islands and extreme north of Scotland, are clearly natural, never having had trees, whereas much of the Pennine moorland area was forested in Mesolithic times.
In Europe, the associated fauna consists of bird species such as red grouse, hen harrier, merlin, golden plover, curlew, skylark, meadow pipit, whinchat, ring ouzel, and twite.
In Europe, only the common viper is frequent, though in other regions moorlands are commonly home to dozens of reptile species.
When moorland is overgrazed, woody vegetation is often lost, being replaced by coarse, unpalatable grasses and bracken, with a greatly reduced fauna.
Burning of moorland vegetation needs to be very carefully controlled as the peat itself can catch fire, and this can be difficult if not impossible to extinguish.
Mechanical cutting of the heather has been used in Europe, but it is important for the material to be removed to avoid smothering regrowth.
This may result in a wildfire burning out a large area, although it has been found that heather seeds germinate better if subject to the brief heat of controlled burning.
In terms of managing moorlands for wildlife, in the UK, vegetation characteristics are important for passerine abundance, whilst predator control benefits red grouse, golden plover, and curlew abundances.
However, management needs to be carried out in locations that are also suitable for species in terms of physical characteristics such as topography, climate and soil.
The development of a sensitivity to nature and one's physical surroundings grew with the rise of interest in landscape painting, and particularly the works of artists that favoured wide and deep prospects, and rugged scenery.
To the English Romantic imagination, moorlands fitted this image perfectly, enhancing the emotional impact of the story by placing it within a heightened and evocative landscape.
Enid Blyton's Famous Five series featured the young protagonists adventuring across various moorlands where they confronted criminals or other individuals of interest.
Such a setting enhanced the plot as the drama unfolded away from the functioning world where the children could solve their own problems and face greater danger.
Notable areas of upland moorland in Britain include the Lake District, the Pennines (including the Dark Peak and Forest of Bowland), Mid Wales, the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Scottish Highlands, and a few very small pockets in western Herefordshire.
Colombia is one of only three countries in the world to be home to páramo (tropical moorland) and more than 60% of the paramo regions are found on its soil.
He had fallen in love with her when he met her in Brazil, but soon realised they had nothing in common.
He became attracted to Miss Dunbar; since he could not marry her, he had attempted to please her in other ways, such as trying to help people less fortunate than himself.
Maria Gibson was found lying in a pool of blood on Thor Bridge with a bullet through the head and note from the governess, agreeing to a meeting at that location, in her hand.
Holmes uses his powers of deduction to solve the crime, and demonstrates, using Watson's revolver, how it was perpetrated: Mrs Gibson, outraged and jealous of Miss Dunbar's relationship with her husband, resolved to end her own life and frame her rival for the crime.
The story is notable within the Sherlock Holmes canon for the initial reference to a tin dispatchbox, located within the vaults of the Cox and Co. Bank at Charing Cross in London, where Dr. Watson kept the papers concerning some of Holmes' unsolved or unfinished cases.
(Season 5, Episode 11), the method of killing was mostly similar, with changes including the chip coming off the gun instead of the stonework (of a fireplace).
But rather than a suicide staged to frame one of the suspects, it turned out another suspect had staged the death.
The same cause of death deduced by Holmes in this story is used in the opening sequence of the same series, Season 2, Episode 9 (2013), with the same intent of throwing suspicion on to another party.
The positions of Gold Commissioner and Comptroller were combined in 1932 with the Comptroller being the title for the chief executive.
By the 1960s, the Commissioner had formed an executive committee that included some members of the elected Territorial Council, in essence a cabinet.
Subsequent federal ministers did not revoke this authority and instruction, which was eventually codified in amendments to the Yukon Act, along with redesignation of the legislative assembly from territorial council.
The process, particularly since 1979, has devolved powers from the federal government to the territorial government, bringing authority which is normally reserved by the Articles of Confederation for provinces to the territory.
Reason Foundation's policy research areas include: air traffic control, American domestic monetary policy, school choice, eminent domain, government reform, housing, land use, immigration, privatization, public-private partnerships, urban traffic and congestion, transportation, industrial hemp, medical marijuana, police raids and militarization, free trade, globalization, and telecommunications.
Patricia Lynn Scarlett took over as president in 2001, but shortly thereafter resigned to join the Bush administration as assistant secretary for policy, management, and budget at the Department of the Interior.
According to disclosures, as of 2012, its largest donors were the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation ($1,522,212) and the Sarah Scaife Foundation ($2,016,000).
In 2006, Reason Foundation issued a report criticizing a municipal Wi-Fi project iProvo in Provo, Utah as financially unstable and ineffective at lowering Internet costs or raising broadband use.
Shortly after the 2008 report was issued, the mayor of Provo, Lewis Billings, who had been highly critical of the Reason reports, announced that iProvo would in fact be sold to a private enterprise, Broadweave, for $40 million.
The video has been credited with popularizing the argument in conservative circles that PPACA's individual mandate to buy health insurance is constitutionally equivalent to requiring consumers to buy particular types of fruits or vegetables.
Reason Foundation and a bipartisan group of more than thirty other organizations asked all of the 2008 U.S. presidential candidates to sign a pledge promising that, if elected, they would deliver the most transparent presidency in history and guaranteeing the executive branch would adhere to the concepts of open government.
The candidates who signed the oath were: Sen. Barack Obama (D–Illinois), Rep. Ron Paul (R–Texas), Sen. Sam Brownback (R–Kansas), former Sen. Mike Gravel (D–Alaska), Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D–Ohio), Libertarian candidate Bob Barr, and John Cox.
Ballot Measure 30 of 2004 would have created a surcharge on Oregon's income tax, raised the minimum tax corporations pay in Oregon income taxes, and made other changes to the tax code to increase revenues.
Similar to the previous year's defeated Measure 28, it was proposed as a way to avoid state budget cuts caused by a deficit.
The recession brought decreased revenues for state coffers, causing budget shortfalls and threatening budget cuts for education, health care, services to senior citizens, and law enforcement.
The main tax increase was a tax surcharge, in which taxpayers would be charged an additional percentage of their income tax liability, based on their tax bracket.
However, anti-tax activists, collaborating with the state Republican and Libertarian parties, collected enough signatures to require a referendum to approve the law.
Some claimed that this was because county voters had passed their own temporary income tax in the wake of Measure 28's defeat and were not interested in bailing out the rest of the state.
It is dedicated to helping leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
In 2008, the museum had a staff of about 400 employees, 125 contractors, 650 volunteers, 91 Holocaust survivors, and 175,000 members.
Since its dedication on April 22, 1993, the Museum has had nearly 40 million visitors, including more than 10 million school children, 99 heads of state, and more than 3,500 foreign officials from over 211 countries.
The USHMM's collections contain more than 12,750 artifacts, 49 million pages of archival documents, 85,000 historical photographs, a list of over 200,000 registered survivors and their families, 1,000 hours of archival footage, 93,000 library items, and 9,000 oral history testimonies.
It also has teacher fellows in every state in the United States and almost 400 university fellows from 26 countries since 1994.
Researchers at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum have documented 42,500 ghettos and concentration camps erected by the Nazis throughout German-controlled areas of Europe from 1933 to 1945.
On November 1, 1978, President Jimmy Carter established the President's Commission on the Holocaust, chaired by Elie Wiesel, a prominent author and Holocaust survivor.
Its mandate was to investigate the creation and maintenance of a memorial to victims of the Holocaust and an appropriate annual commemoration to them.
The mandate was created in a joint effort by Elie Wiesel and Richard Krieger (the original papers are on display at the Jimmy Carter Museum).
On September 27, 1979, the Commission presented its report to the President, recommending the establishment of a national Holocaust memorial museum in Washington, D.C. with three main components: a national museum/memorial, an educational foundation, and a Committee on Conscience.
After a unanimous vote by the United States Congress in 1980 to establish the museum, the federal government made available of land adjacent to the Washington Monument for construction.
Under the original Director Richard Krieger, and subsequent Director Jeshajahu Weinberg and Chairman Miles Lerman, nearly $190 million was raised from private sources for building design, artifact acquisition, and exhibition creation.
Dedication ceremonies on April 22, 1993 included speeches by American President Bill Clinton, Israeli President Chaim Herzog, Chairman Harvey Meyerhoff, and Elie Wiesel.
In 2002, a federal jury convicted white supremacists Leo Felton and Erica Chase of planning to bomb a series of institutions associated with American black and Jewish communities, including the USHMM.
Special Police Officer Johns and von Brunn were both seriously wounded and transported by ambulance to the George Washington University Hospital.
Von Brunn, who had a previous criminal record, died during his criminal trial in federal court, in Butner federal prison in North Carolina.
The Museum building and the exhibitions within are intended to evoke deception, fear, and solemnity, in contrast to the comfort and grandiosity usually associated with Washington, D.C. public buildings.
Other partners in the construction of the USHMM included Weiskopf & Pickworth, Cosentini Associates LLP, Jules Fisher, and Paul Marantz, all from New York City.
The USHMM contains two exhibitions that have been open continuously since 1993 and numerous rotating exhibitions that deal with various topics related to the Holocaust and human rights.
Using more than 900 artifacts, 70 video monitors, and four theaters showing historic film footage and eyewitness testimonies, the USHMM's Permanent Exhibition is the most visited exhibit at the Museum.
Upon entering large industrial elevators on the first floor, visitors are given identification cards, each of which tells the story of a person such as a random victim or survivor of the Holocaust.
Upon exiting these elevators on the fourth floor, visitors walk through a chronological history of the Holocaust, starting with the Nazi rise to power led by Adolf Hitler, 1933-1939.
Visitors continue walking to the third floor, where they learn about ghettos and the Final Solution, by which the Nazis tried to exterminate all the Jews of Europe, and they killed six million of them, many in gas chambers.
The Permanent Exhibition ends on the second floor with the liberation of Nazi concentration camps by Allied forces; it includes a continuously looped film of Holocaust survivor testimony.
To enter the Permanent Exhibition between March and August, visitors must acquire free timed passes from the Museum on the day of the visit, or online for a service fee.
Each year, 50 outstanding young people from the Washington, D.C. area will be invited to the USHMM to learn about the Holocaust in honor of Johns' memory.
The Museum's holdings included art, books, pamphlets, advertisements, maps, film and video historical footage, audio and video oral testimonies, music and sound recordings, furnishings, architectural fragments, models, machinery, tools, microfilm and microfiche of government documents and other official records, personal effects, personal papers, photographs, photo albums, and textiles.
For the 2014-2015 fiscal year, the museum reported total revenues of $133.4 million; $81.9 million and $51.4 million from private and public sources, respectively.
Net assets tallied $436.1 million as of September 30, 2015, of which $319.1 million is classified as long-term investments, including the museum's endowment.
The CAHS's Visiting Scholars Program and other events have made the USHMM one of the world's principal venues for Holocaust scholarship.
The Museum contains the offices of the Committee on Conscience (CoC), a joint United States government and privately funded think tank, which by presidential mandate engages in global human rights research.
Using the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, approved by the United Nations in 1948 and ratified by the United States in 1988, the CoC has established itself as a leading non-partisan commenter on the Darfur Genocide, as well as the war-torn region of Chechnya in Russia, a zone that the CoC believes could produce genocidal atrocities.
In addition to coordinating the National Civic Commemoration, ceremonies and educational programs during the week of the DRVH were regularly held throughout the country, sponsored by Governors, Mayors, veterans groups, religious groups, and military ships and stations throughout the world.
Each year, the USHMM designated a special theme for DRVH observances, and prepares materials available at no charge to support observances and programs throughout the nation, and in the United States military.
The Education Division offered workshops around the United States for teachers to learn about the Holocaust, to participate in the Museum Teacher Fellowship Program (MTFP), and to join a national corps of educators who served as leaders in Holocaust education in their schools, communities, and professional organizations.
Since 1999, the USHMM also provided public service professionals, including law enforcement officers, military personnel, civil servants, and federal judges with ethics lessons based in Holocaust history.
In partnership with the Anti-Defamation League, more than 21,000 law enforcement officers from worldwide and local law enforcement agencies such as the FBI and local police departments have been trained to act in a professional and democratic manner.
Volume I covers the early camps that the SA and SS set up in the first year of the Nazi regime, and the camps later run by the SS Economic Administration Main Office and their numerous sub-camps.
It was published in all six of the official languages of the United Nations—Arabic, Mandarin, English, French, Russian, and Spanish; as well as in Greek, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, and Urdu.
It also had its own channel on YouTube, an official account on Facebook, a Twitter page, and an e-mail newsletter service.
It sought to collect, share, and visually present to the world critical information on emerging crises that may lead to genocide or related crimes against humanity.
In 2018 a survey organized by the Claims Conference, USHMM, and others found that 41% of 1,350 American adults surveyed, and 66% of millennials, did not know what Auschwitz was.
41% of millennians incorrectly claimed that 2 million Jews or less were killed during the Holocaust, while 22% said they had never heard of the Holocaust.
Over 95% of all Americans surveyed were unaware that the Holocaust occurred in the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.
45% of adults and 49% of millennials weren't able to name a single Nazi concentration camp or ghetto in German-occupied Europe during the Holocaust.
The museum is overseen by the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, which includes 55 private citizens appointed by the President of the United States, five members of the United States Senate, and five members of the House of Representatives, and three ex-officio members from the Departments of State, the Education, and the Interior.
The museum drew controversy in 2017 when it was reported that the museum had pulled a study of the Syrian Civil War.
Baldwin Spencer, leader of the UPP, replaced Lester Bird as Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda, with Bird being one of eight Labour MPs to lose his seat.
Bird had been Prime Minister since 1994, when he succeeded his father, Vere Bird, who had been Prime Minister from independence in 1981, having previously served as Chief Minister or Premier of Antigua since 1960 with the exception of the 1971–1976 period.
The election in the seat of Barbuda ended in a draw between the Barbuda People's Movement, an ally of the UPP, and the Barbuda People's Movement for Change, an ally of the ALP, with each candidate receiving 400 votes.
A by-election was held on 20 April, which saw Trevor Walker of the BPM elected, with 408 votes against 394 for the BPMC candidate, Arthur Nibbs.
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (, ), commonly known as BUET (; ), is a public university in Bangladesh, which focuses on the study of engineering and architecture.
Founded in 1912, it is the oldest institution for the study of engineering (initially it was a diploma school), architecture and urban planning in Bangladesh.
Of the 12,500 candidates selected to write the undergraduate admission test from an initial application pool of over 112,500 applicants, only about the top 1030 are admitted (Engineering & Urban Planning 975 seats and Architecture 55 seats).
With the construction of new academic buildings, an auditorium complex, and halls of residence, the university has continued to expand over the last three decades.
Dacca Survey School was established in 1876 as a survey school at Nalgola, west of the current Sir Salimullah Medical College campus, in Old Dhaka by the then Government of Bengal under British Raj.
It offered a survey course of two years to train land surveyors, at the end of which students competed at the Sub-Overseer's examination.
According to a report on public instruction in Bengal, on 31 March 1903, Dacca Survey School had 117 students of which 103 were Hindus and 14 were Muslims.
After his death in 1901, his son, the then Nawab of Dhaka, Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur released 112,000 rupees grant in 1902 in accordance.
A. K. Fazlul Huq, the then Prime Minister of Bengal, appointed Hakim Ali as the principal of the school in 1938.
After the partition of India in 1947, Chief Minister of East Bengal Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin approved the school to be upgraded to Ahsanullah Engineering College, as a Faculty of Engineering under the University of Dhaka, offering four-year bachelor's course in Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Metallurgical engineering.
M. A. Rashid succeeded him in 1954 as the first Bengali principal of the college and held the post until 1960.
On 1 June 1962, in order to create facilities for postgraduate studies and research, the college was upgraded to East Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology (EPUET), becoming the fourth university of the then East Pakistan.
A partnership with the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (renamed Texas A&M University) was forged, and professors from A&M came to teach and formulate the curriculum.
Several other departments offer graduate and undergraduate courses in different subjects: Water resources engineering, Urban and regional planning, Naval architecture and marine engineering, Industrial and production engineering, Petroleum and mineral resources engineering, Computer science and engineering, Glass and ceramic engineering, and Biomedical engineering.
In 2007, BUET celebrated 60 years (1947–2007) of engineering education in Bangladesh by arranging a 6 month long series of programs and events.
The main reading room of the central library can accommodate 200 students at a time to provide reading facilities of rare and out-of-print books, and also ready reference and prescribed textbooks.
Both undergraduate and post-graduate students are eligible to use the internet on production of their valid ID cards along with the user name and password obtainable from IICT.
There are also departmental libraries in each of the departments and institutes and hall libraries in each of the residence halls.
Members of the Syndicate include Deans of several faculties, Director General of Secondary and Higher Education in Bangladesh, Director General of Technical Education in Bangladesh, eminent academics from this university as well as from other famous public universities.
Each of the faculties is headed by a Dean and each of the departments is chaired by a Head of the department.
The Finance Committee, the Planning and Development Committee and other committees assist the Syndicate in matters important for proper functioning of the University.
The Academic Council is the supreme body for formulating academic rules and regulations to which the CASR, Boards of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Studies and the Faculties recommend.
The students with the best grades in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, English and Bengali on their higher secondary examination are allowed to take the admission test.
The screening process allows 12500 students to sit for the admission test, based on the cumulative sum of their GPA in these five subjects.
The admission fee is $200; the course registration fee is US$50 per credit hour and the approximate cost of food, lodging etc.
For admission to the courses leading to a master's degree an applicant must have a minimum GPA of 3.50 out of 5.00 or a first division or equivalent in any one of S.S.C.
or in equivalent examinations and must not have a GPA less than 2.00 out of 5.00 or a third division or equivalent in any of the aforementioned examinations and must have at least 50% marks or a minimum GPA of 2.50 out of 4.00 or its equivalent in B.Sc.
For admission to the programs leading to Ph.D. degree, all the above criteria must be mate along with minimum GPA of 2.75 out of 4.00 or equivalent in M.Sc.
A Ph.D student will have to complete 54 credit hours, 48 credit hours for M. Phil students and 36 credit hours for M.Sc./M.Engineering students.
For consultation and research the expertise at the university, its teachers and the laboratory facilities are available to other organizations of the country.
In addition to these, the university undertakes research programs sponsored by outside organizations like United Nations Organizations, Commonwealth Foundation, European Union, University Grants Commission (Bangladesh), World Bank, Asian Development Bank, DfID, JICA etc.
BUET regularly organizes national and international conferences and workshops in its campus to enhance the research capabilities of its students and faculties.
Students who do not stay at halls of residence are facilitated by university's own commuter buses which cover major routes of Dhaka city.
Besides, visiting foreign national football teams as well as few top football clubs of Bangladesh sometimes use this ground for practice sessions.
Abrar Fahad, a second year student of electrical and electronic engineering department, was tortured and killed by Chhatra League leaders in Sher-e-Bangla Hall in 2019.
The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, first published late in 1893 with 1894 date.
In Britain the story was apparently removed at Doyle's request as it included adultery and so was unsuitable for younger readers.
This may have also been the cause for the rapid removal of the story from the U.S. edition, and some sources state that the publishers believed the story was too scandalous for the American public.
Episodes were written by Bert Coules, Gerry Jones, Denys Hawthorne, Vincent McInerney, Peter Mackie, Robert Forrest, Peter Ling, and David Ashton, and directed by Enyd Williams and Patrick Rayner.
Similar in certain functions to a lieutenant governor, the commissioner swears in the members of the legislative assembly, swears in members of the executive council, assents to bills, opens sessions of the legislative assembly, and signs other government documents such as Orders in Council.
The commissioner represents the federal government and must follow any instructions of the Cabinet or the relevant federal minister, currently the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs.
Since 1980, the territories have had self-government, with the legislature choosing a government leader or premier, in addition to electing members of parliament to the Parliament of Canada.
As 2013 came to an end, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois handed down a ruling about copyright protection, not for the stories themselves, but for the characters of Holmes and Watson.
Although some of the stories are comparable with Doyle's earlier work, this collection is often considered a lesser entry in the Sherlock Holmes canon.
The episodes were written by Bert Coules, Roger Danes, Peter Ling, David Ashton, Robert Forrest, and Michael Bakewell, and directed by Enyd Williams and Patrick Rayner.
Like cyanamide, it contains 67% nitrogen by mass, and its derivatives have fire retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned or charred.
Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high pressure decorative laminates such as Formica, melamine dinnerware, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards.
Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high pressure decorative laminates such as Formica, melamine dinnerware, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards.
Sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) is a polymer used as cement admixture to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of the mix during its handling and pouring.
It results in concrete with a lower porosity and a higher mechanical strength, exhibiting an improved resistance to aggressive environments and a longer lifetime.
The use of melamine as fertilizer for crops had been envisaged during the 1950s and 1960s because of its high nitrogen content (2/3).
The mineralization (degradation to ammonia) for melamine is slow, making this product both economically and scientifically impractical for use as a fertilizer.
A melamine fibre, Basofil, has low thermal conductivity, excellent flame resistance and is self-extinguishing; this makes it useful for flame-resistant protective clothing, either alone or as a blend with other fibres.
Standard tests, such as the Kjeldahl and Dumas tests, estimate protein levels by measuring the nitrogen content, so they can be misled by adding nitrogen-rich compounds such as melamine.
The short-term lethal dose of melamine is on a par with common table salt with an LD of more than 3 grams per kilogram of bodyweight.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scientists explained that when melamine and cyanuric acid are absorbed into the bloodstream, they concentrate and interact in the urine-filled renal tubules, then crystallize and form large numbers of round, yellow crystals, which in turn block and damage the renal cells that line the tubes, causing the kidneys to malfunction.
The European Union set a standard for acceptable human consumption (tolerable daily intake or TDI) of melamine at 0.2 mg per kg of body mass, (previously 0.5 milligrams), Canada declared a limit of 0.35 mg and the US FDA's limit was put at 0.063 mg daily (previously 0.63 mg).
The World Health Organization's food safety director estimated that the amount of melamine a person could stand per day without incurring a bigger health risk, the TDI, was 0.2 mg per kg of body mass.
A study by Soviet researchers in the 1980s suggested that melamine cyanurate, commonly used as a fire retardant, could be more toxic than either melamine or cyanuric acid alone.
For rats and mice, the reported LD for melamine cyanurate was 4.1 g/kg (given inside the stomach) and 3.5 g/kg (via inhalation), compared to 6.0 and 4.3 g/kg for melamine and 7.7 and 3.4 g/kg for cyanuric acid, respectively.
A toxicology study in animals conducted after recalls of contaminated pet food concluded that the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid in diet does lead to acute kidney injury in cats.
A 2008 study produced similar experimental results in rats and characterized the melamine and cyanuric acid in contaminated pet food from the 2007 outbreak.
A 2010 study from Lanzhou University attributed kidney failure in humans to uric acid stone accumulation after ingestion of melamine resulting in a rapid aggregation of metabolites such as cyanuric acid diamide (ammeline) and cyanuric acid.
A study in 1953 reported that dogs fed 3% melamine for a year had the following changes in their urine: (1) reduced specific gravity, (2) increased output, (3) melamine crystalluria, and (4) protein and occult blood.
The United Nations' food standards body, Codex Alimentarius Commission, has set the maximum amount of melamine allowed in powdered infant formula to 1 mg/kg and the amount of the chemical allowed in other foods and animal feed to 2.5 mg/kg.
Crystallization and washing of melamine generates a considerable amount of waste water, which may be concentrated into a solid (1.5–5% of the weight) for easier disposal.
In the Eurotecnica process, however, there is no solid waste and the contaminants are decomposed to ammonia and carbon dioxide and sent as off gas to the upstream urea plant; accordingly, the waste water can be recycled to the melamine plant itself or used as clean cooling water make-up.
Melamine reacts with acid and related compounds to form melamine cyanurate and related crystal structures, which have been implicated as contaminants or biomarkers in Chinese protein adulterations.
Melamine is part of the core structure for a number of drugs including almitrine, altretamine, cyromazine, ethylhexyl triazone, iscotrizinol, meladrazine, melarsomine, melarsoprol, tretamine, trinitrotriazine, and others.
Between 2002 and 2007, while the global melamine price remained stable, a steep increase in the price of urea (feedstock for melamine) has reduced the profitability of melamine manufacturing.
Surplus melamine has been an adulterant for feedstock and milk in mainland China for several years now because it can make diluted or poor quality material appear to be higher in protein content by elevating the total nitrogen content detected by some simple protein tests.
Actions taken in 2008 by the Government of China have reduced the practice of adulteration, with the goal of eliminating it.
Court trials began in December 2008 for six people linked to the scandal and ended in January 2009 with two of the convicts being sentenced to death and executed.
Melamine has been involved in several food recalls after the discovery of severe kidney damage to children and pets poisoned by melamine-adulterated food.
In 2007, a pet food recall was initiated by Menu Foods and other pet food manufacturers who had found their products had been contaminated and caused serious illnesses or deaths in some of the animals that had eaten them.
In March 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration reported finding white granular melamine in the pet food, in samples of white granular wheat gluten imported from a single source in China, Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology as well as in crystalline form in the kidneys and in urine of affected animals.
Four days later, the New York Times reported that, despite the widely reported ban on melamine use in vegetable proteins in mainland China, at least some chemical manufacturers continued to report selling it for use in animal feed and in products for human consumption.
Shandong Mingshui Great Chemical Group, the company reported by the New York Times as producing melamine from coal, produces and sells both urea and melamine but does not list melamine resin as a product.
Another recall incident in 2007 involved melamine which had been purposely added as a binder to fish and livestock feed manufactured in the United States.
In September 2008, several companies, including Nestlé, were implicated in a scandal involving milk and infant formula which had been adulterated with melamine, leading to kidney stones and other kidney failure, especially among young children.
Because of melamine's high nitrogen content (66% by mass versus approximately 10–12% for typical protein), it can cause the protein content of food to appear higher than the true value.
On January 22, 2009, three of those involved in the scandal (including one conditional sentence) were sentenced to death in a Chinese court.
York Chow, the health secretary of Hong Kong, said he thought animal feeds might be the source of the contamination and announced that the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety would henceforward be testing all mainland Chinese pork, farmed fish, animal feed, chicken meat, eggs, and offal products for melamine.
As of July 2010, Chinese authorities were still reporting some seizures of melamine-contaminated dairy product in some provinces, though it was unclear whether these new contaminations constituted wholly new adulterations or were the result of illegal reuse of material from the 2008 adulterations.
Urinary calculi specimens were collected from 15 cases treated in Beijing and were analyzed as unknown objects for their components at Beijing Institute of Microchemistry using infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high performance liquid chromatography.
The result of the analysis showed that the calculus was composed of melamine and uric acid, and the molecular ratio of uric acid to melamine was around 2:1.
In a study published in 2010, researchers from Beijing University studying ultrasound images of infants who fell ill in the 2008 contamination found that while most children in a rural Chinese area recovered, 12 per cent still showed kidney abnormalities six months later.
Another 2010 follow-up study from Lanzhou University attributed the uric acid stone accumulation after ingestion of melamine to a rapid aggradation of metabolites such as cyanuric acid diamide (ammeline) and cyanuric acid and reported that urine alkalinization and stone liberalization were the most effective treatments.
Until the 2007 pet food recalls, melamine had not routinely been monitored in food, except in the context of plastic safety or insecticide residue.
Following the deaths of children in China from powdered milk in 2008, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European in Belgium set up a website about methods to detect melamine.
In May 2009, the JRC published the results of a study that benchmarked the ability of labs around the world to accurately measure melamine in food.
In October 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new methods for the analysis of melamine and cyanuric acid in infant formulations in the Laboratory Information Bulletin No 4421.
Similar recommendations have been issued by other authorities, like the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, both based on liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC/MS) detection after hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation.
The existing methods for melamine determination using a triple quadrupole liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC/MS) after solid phase extraction (SPE) are often complex and time consuming.
However, electrospray ionization methods coupled with mass spectrometry allow a rapid and direct analysis of samples with complex matrices: the native liquid samples are directly ionized under ambient conditions in their original solution.
Ultrasound-assisted extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been developed at ETH Zurich (Switzerland) by Zhu, Chingin et al., (2008) for a rapid detection of melamine in untreated food samples.
(2008) have also developed at Purdue University (US) a simpler instrumentation and a faster method by using a low-temperature plasma probe to ionize the samples.
was a hypothetical design for a synthetic biology circuit, to be used for detecting melamine and related chemical analogues such as cyanuric acid.
The conceptual project is hosted at OpenWetWare as open source biology in collaboration with DIYbio and has been discussed in various newspapers in the context of homebrew biotechnology.
Because melamine resin is often used in food packaging and tableware, melamine at ppm level (1 part per million) in food and beverage has been reported due to migration from melamine-containing resins.
Small amounts of melamine have also been reported in foodstuff as a metabolite product of cyromazine, an insecticide used on animals and crops.
The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides a test method for analyzing cyromazine and melamine in animal tissues.
In 2007, the FDA began using a high performance liquid chromatography test to determine the melamine, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid contamination in food.
Member states of the European Union are required under Commission Decision 2008/757/EC to ensure that all composite products containing at least 15% of milk product, originating from China, are systematically tested before import into the Community and that all such products which are shown to contain melamine in excess of 2.5 mg/kg are immediately destroyed.
The presence of melamine in urine specimens from children who consumed adulterated milk products has been determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
The Navy considered the Cougar an updated version of the Panther, despite having a different official name, and thus Cougars started off from F9F-6.
Rumors that the Soviet Union had produced a swept-wing fighter had circulated a year before the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 first appeared at air shows in 1949.
Despite the level of activity taking place with swept-wing aircraft, the Navy was not initially focused on the development of such aircraft.
This was largely because the Navy's focus at the time was defending the battle group against high speed, high altitude bombers with interceptors, as well as escorting medium-range carrier-based bombers in all weather conditions.
The arrival of the MiG-15, which easily outclassed straight-wing fighters in the air war over North Korea was a major factor.
The aircraft was still subsonic, but the critical Mach number was increased from 0.79 to 0.86 at sea level and to 0.895 at 35,000 ft (10,000 m), improving performance markedly over the Panther.
The rudder pedals controlled the part of the rudder below the horizontal tail surface, while the upper portion of the rudder was controlled by a yaw damper.
The F9F-6 first flew on September 20, 1951, seven months after Grumman signed a contract with the Navy for swept-wing fighter.
The first 30 production aircraft used the same J42 P-6 engine used in the F9F-5, but was then replaced by the more powerful J42 P-8 with 7,250 pounds of thrust.
Armament was four 20 mm (.79 in) AN/M3 cannons in the nose and provisions for two bombs or drop tanks under the wings.
After withdrawal from active service, many F9F-6s were used as unmanned drones for combat training, designated F9F-6D, or as drone controllers, designated F9F-6K.
The F9F-7 referred to the next batch of Cougars that were given the Allison J33 also found in the F9F-4, instead of the Pratt & Whitney J48.
The Navy used two modified F9F-7s to conduct experiments landing on British-inspired flexible decks which did not require the use of landing gear.
The reasoning was that since an airplane's landing gear comprises some 33% of the total weight, a plane without landing gear would gain a greater range and would be able to carry more ordnance.
The aircraft were fitted with a 3-inch-deep false bottom under the center fuselage to help balance the plane during landings on the flex-deck made up of a lubricated rubberized fabric.
The two F9F-7 aircraft in the test were equipped with the powerful J48-P8 engine instead of the Allison J33 engine originally used with the F9F-7.
While the landing tests yielded positive results and proved that landing was clearly possible, the project was terminated in 1955 as it would have been difficult to move the aircraft around the carrier deck once they landed.
It also required a highly skilled pilot to perform the landings and would have made it impossible to divert to a land base if necessary.
Work on the F9F-8 began in April, 1953 with three goals: lower the airplane's stall speed, improve aircraft control at high angles of attack, and increase range.
It featured an 8 in (20 cm) stretch in the fuselage and modified wings with a greater chord, an increased area (from 300 to 337 square feet), and a dogtooth.
All four ammunition boxes were mounted above the guns, in contrast to the split location of most previous F9Fs including the Panther.
Late production F9F-8 aircraft were given the ability to carry four AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles under the wings (the first Navy aircraft to deploy with the missiles).
Corky Meyer, who flew both the F9F Cougar and North American FJ-3 Fury, noted that compared to the latter the Cougar had a higher dive speed limit (Mach 1.2 vs Mach 1), a higher maneuvering limit of 7.5-g (compared to 6-g), and greater endurance.
The F9F Cougar was also a capable multi-role aircraft, which may explain why it was deployed less often than dedicated fighters.
This was more likely attributable to the fact the F9F had an attack role that was being superseded by new jets such as A4D-1 Skyhawk, rather than any deficiency as a fighter.
More likely it was because it has a minimal capability as an attack aircraft, whereas the F9F-8 was good for that too, including nuclear weapon delivery.
In effect the F9F-8 was a jet attack placeholder along with the F7U-3M, while the pipeline was being filled with the FJ-4Bs and A4Ds.
The First F9F Cougar squadron to actually deploy was VF-24, assigned to in August 1953 but arrived too late to the Korean theater to participate in the air war.
The only version of the Cougar to see combat was the TF-9J trainer (known as F9F-8T until 1962) during the Vietnam War.
Detachments of four Cougars served with US Marines Headquarters and Maintenance Squadron 11 (H&MS-11) at Da Nang and H&MS-13 at Chu Lai, where they were used for fast-Forward Air Control and the airborne command role, directing airstrikes against enemy positions in South Vietnam between 1966 and 1968.
The three F9F-6 aircraft refueled over Kansas from a North American AJ Savage, using an experimental refueling probe mounted on the nose.
The U.S. Navy's flight demonstration team, the Blue Angels flew four different variants of F9Fs from the F9F-2 Panther to the F9F-8.
This was short lived however and the Navy subsequently took them for fleet use without using the planes in an air show.
The Blue Angels used the F9F-8 until 1957 they were replaced by the Grumman F11F-1 Tiger, although one two-seat F9F-8T was retained for press and VIP flights.
The only foreign air arm to use the F9F Cougar was the Argentine Naval Aviation, who also used the F9F Panther as well.
One aircraft (serial 3-A-151) is on display at the Naval Aviation Museum (MUAN) at Bahía Blanca, while the other was sold to a customer in the United States and subsequently lost in an accident on 31 October 1991.
Major Ralph Lowell (July 23, 1890 – May 15, 1978) was a World War I veteran, banker, and philanthropist from Boston.
Ralph Lowell chose to pursue a career in banking and finance, as his family had a long history in business and banking in Boston.
Ralph was appointed as the sole Trustee of the Lowell Institute, in 1943, upon the death of his cousin, Harvard President A. Lawrence Lowell.
Lowell would serve as Trustee of the Lowell Institute for the rest of his life and named his son, John Lowell, to succeed him.
In cooperation with another Harvard President, James B. Conant, Lowell used his position at the Institute to help found the WGBH radio and television stations.
Lowell died in Boston on May 15, 1978, at the age of eighty-seven and was buried in the Old Westwood Cemetery in Westwood, Massachusetts.
Formica Group, a division of the Dutch company Broadview Holdings, consists of Formica Canada, Inc., Formica Corporation, Formica de Mexico S.A. de C.V., Formica IKI Oy, Formica Limited, Formica S.A., Formica S.A.S., Formica Taiwan Corporation, Formica (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Formica (Asia) Ltd., and others.
Formica laminate was invented in 1912 by Daniel J. O'Conor and Herbert A. Faber, while working at Westinghouse, resulting in a patent grant on 1 February 1913.
They originally conceived it as a substitute for mica used as electrical insulation, made of wrapped woven fabric coated with Bakelite thermosetting resin, then slit lengthwise, flattened, and cured in a press.
Immediately afterwards, O'Conor and Faber left Westinghouse to start a business based on the product, enlisting lawyer and banker John G. Tomlin as an investor.
The company began operations on 2 May 1913, and was immediately successful: by September, Formica Products Company employed eighteen people trying to fill the demand for electrical parts for Bell Electric Motor, Ideal Electric, and Northwest Electric.
After the General Bakelite Company decided to sell resin for sheet insulation only to Westinghouse, allowing the Formica company other shapes with smaller markets, they switched to a similar competitive phenolic resin, Redmanol.
After patent litigation favorable to Baekeland in 1922, the Redmanol Chemical Products Company, was merged with the General Bakelite Company (founded by Baekeland in 1910) and the Condensite Company (founded by J. W. Aylesworth) to form The Bakelite Corporation.
An important application devised in the 1920s was the use of phenolic laminate fabric for gears; cut on conventional hobbing machines, the gears were tough and quiet, which was important for automotive timing gears.
It resisted heat, abrasion and moisture better than phenolic or urea resins and could be used to make more colors; soon after, the Formica Corporation was buying the entire output of melamine from American Cyanamid.
This gave added protection to the trademark, helping to protect the word from becoming generic—which had been tried by many competitors, against whom Cyanamid gained legal injunctions—to protect this valuable trademark name.
Dan O'Conor, son of the inventor, continued as president of Formica Corp. after the acquisition, and was widely regarded as the next chairman of American Cyanamid.
However, he was thrown from his horse during a steeplechase event, suffering a broken neck and becoming quadriplegic, ending his business career and, many executives felt, preventing Cyanamid from achieving the growth and profitability it might have.
After a 1984 management buyout from American Cyanamid, Formica diversified with products such as solid surfacing, metal laminates and flooring materials.
From 2007 to 2019 Formica Corp. was a subsidiary of the Fletcher Building group, which purchased it from private equity investors Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. and Oaktree Capital Management, LLC.
In 2018, Fletcher Building announced plans to sell Formica to Broadview Holdings (parent of Trespa) for NZD $1.226 billion (US$840 m), with the sale finalised the following year.
Decorative laminates were made by impregnating large sheets of kraft paper with phenolic resin, which was then partially cured (B-staged by passing through a long drying oven) and cut to sheet lengths at the oven exit.
A decorative sheet (solid colored, or wood-grained, or patterned), impregnated with melamine resin and B-staged and cut to length in a similar manner to the phenolic core sheets, was laid on a polished stainless steel press plate.
Several plies or layers of kraft paper were then impregnated with a phenolic resin were placed on top of the decorative layer.
Next, a sheet of release paper that would not bond to the phenolic resin was placed on top of the phenolic kraft and following this a mirror image build-up of the assembly already on the press plate.
On the other side of this plate, another similar assembly was built until there were several laminates in one press pack to go into a single opening in the hydraulic press.
The huge hydraulic presses, perhaps 5 feet by 12 feet, had many heated openings thus many laminates could be produced in a single press cycle of about one hour duration.
The B-staged melamine and phenolic resins first flowed to bond the interlaminar plies together, then the plastic resins were thermoset to provide a very durable product that could tolerate much heat and abrasion.
A variant was to use a slightly roughened steel sheet atop the cover sheet, producing a laminate with a matte surface.
A similar effect could be achieved using various types of release paper between the steel press plate and decorative melamine surface.
After being removed from the press, the individual laminates were sanded on the reverse (phenolic kraft) side to a uniform thickness.
This sanding operation also increased the back surface area so that a more secure bonding to the substrate, such as a kitchen counter, could be achieved.
These sheets were more brittle than potato chips, hence easily damaged; breaking off even a small corner rendered the sheet as unusable waste.
After a meeting of the parent corporation's Research Coordinating Committee, Cyanamid's Director of Corporate Development and Planning, Mr. Kent L. Aldershof, suggested a new approach to Formica's Research Director, Dr. Arthur Giddings.
Instead, Aldershof suggested making a thick paste of cellulose powder and phenolic resin to form the core in a single piece prior to curing.
It was found that the only suitable source of cellulose fiber came from sheets of kraft paper that had already been made and were then ground up, and the resulting laminate had different physical properties.
Second, laminates traditionally made from plies of paper have different length and cross physical properties and the industry grew and developed based on rectangular laminates so cross-plying was not possible.
The Corex core provided uniform cross and length properties which while seeming to be an advantage was not because of the way the entire industry of laminate application had developed to account for the non-symmetrical property.
A further advantage may have been that the core material could be impregnated with a pigment, approximately matching the color of the top sheet that would later be applied.
The phenolic resin turned very dark brown during curing, so that a narrow brown line would show when the material was later used in a countertop.
Pigmented Unified Core provided an edge largely indistinguishable from the surface color, giving a more pleasing overall appearance to the product.
Since the Corex product could not be commercialized for the reasons described above, a more conventional method was developed to make the product called Colorcore that provided uniform color throughout the laminate and eliminated the brown line.
Use of the cellulosic paste allowed using a deeply textured, or even sculptured, metal press sheet atop the decorative sheet, producing a formed surface.
The researchers overlaid the stainless steel sheets with furnace cement, a material easily sculptured or textured, and able to withstand the high heat during curing.
When the furnace cement hardened, and the sheet was used in a press pack, the final Unified Core product would have a raised or three-dimensional image.
It was thought that such an approach would lead to producing large panels, usable for example as wall decor in a hotel lobby or corporate office.
In a further development, the researchers used very thin copper sheets in place of the decorative sheet (still overlaying that with the melamine-impregnated top sheet).
The chart below shows the current enlisted rank insignia of the United States Army, with seniority, and pay grade, increasing from right to left.
It is common that a soldier may never be a corporal and will move directly from specialist to sergeant, attaining NCO status at that time.
The use of chevrons came into being in 1821, with the orientation changing from point-down to point-up and back again, to the point-down orientation seen on Civil War soldiers.
From the creation of the United States Army, to 1821, non-commissioned officer (NCO) and staff non-commissioned officer (SNCO) rank was distinguished by the wearing of usually worsted epaulettes.
From 1775 to 1779 sergeants and corporals wore one epaulette on the right shoulder, corporals of green colour, sergeants of red colour.
From May 1778, the newly created ranks of SNCOs (i.e., sergeants major, quartermaster sergeants, drum majors, and fife majors) wore a red epaulette on each shoulder.
In 1799 all NCO ranks had to wear red worsted epaulettes: SNCOs on both shoulders, sergeants on the right shoulder, corporals on the left.
Shortly after, in the year 1800, the colour of the epaulettes was changed to yellow, for chief musicians in to blue.
The year 1808 saw again several changes: The infantry switched to white epaulettes, SNCOs wore two worsted epaulettes with crescent, sergeants had two plain worsted epaulettes, while corporals wore one epaulette on the right shoulder.
With exceptions from 1832 to 1846 (when chevrons were abolished), and from 1847 to 1851 (chevrons worn points up), the chevrons were worn point down.
Additionally, senior NCOs (quartermaster sergeant, sergeant major, drum major, and fife major) wore a single point-up yellow (infantry, white) chevron on each upper sleeve (from 1825 a chevron and arc), sergeants wore their chevrons on the lower sleeves (from 1825 on the upper sleeves), corporals had just a single chevron on the right upper sleeve (but from 1825 one chevron on both lower sleeves).
For enlisted personnel in staff, artillery, and engineers the system of epaulets (yellow for all grades) was retained: senior NCOs were indicated by a pair of epaulets with a brass crescent, sergeants with no crescents, and corporals just a single epaulet on the right shoulder.
In addition, there were on the cuffs a slashflap with yellow (infantry, white) lace and a vertical row of a number of gold (infantry, silver) buttons depending on grade: senior sergeants wore four flaps and buttons, sergeant wore three flaps and buttons, corporals and privates wore two flaps and buttons.
in 1846 three chevrons and a red worsted waist sash, from 1847 a hollow diamond below the three chevrons and no waist sash.
However, in 1851, the Army changed to point down wear for all enlisted grades and directed that chevrons would be worn in the new branch-of-service colors of: sky blue for the infantry, dark green for riflemen and mounted rifles, orange for dragoons (from 1851-1861), yellow for cavalry, red for artillery, and green for the medical department.
In 1895, the Army introduced a new enlisted rank system that became the basis for the system used in World War I.
Smaller rank insignia that were to be worn point up were introduced in 1903, but with the transition from the older, larger point down insignia to the new versions, there was some confusion concerning the proper manner of wear of the new insignia.
War Department Circular 61 of 1905 directed that the points be placed up and designated certain colors for each branch of the military, for uniformity.
During World War I troops overseas in France used standard buff stripes inset with trade badges in the place of colored branch stripes or rank badges.
Rank grades were numbered from top down, from general of the army, as number 1, to corporal, number 19; NCO ranks were grades 13 through 19.
The use of bars under chevrons to designate senior support arm NCOs was abolished, and all branches used arcs under chevrons to denote senior NCOs.
Specialists had the same single chevron of a private first class but were considered between the ranks of private first class and corporal in seniority.
This was very confusing, as the difference between a private first class and a specialist could not be determined at first glance, in addition to any specialty they may have had, as trade badges had been eliminated.
Unofficial insignia adopted by post commands granted specialists one to six arcs under their chevron (ranging from one for specialist sixth class to six for specialist first class) to indicate their grade, and trade badges inset between their stripes to indicate their specialty.
The rank of first sergeant was now considered a junior version of master sergeant and the confusing specialist ranks were abolished.
The specialist ranks were replaced by the distinct ranks of technician third grade (equivalent to a staff sergeant), technician fourth grade (equivalent to a sergeant), and technician fifth grade (equivalent to a corporal).
The rank of private was divided into the ranks of recruit (Grade E7), private second class (Grade E6) and private first class (Grade E5).
Sergeant (Grade E3) was a career soldier rank and its former three-chevron insignia was abolished and replaced with the three chevrons and an arc of the rank of staff sergeant.
Combat-arm NCOs found their stripes were hard to identify unless the viewer was very close, making it hard to rally and lead troops.
Support-arm NCOs found their stripes too small to be easily seen at a distance, making it hard to tell their seniority at a glance.
They either used the support arm stripes, purchased the old larger buff-on-blue stripes from Post Exchanges or Army / Navy stores, or used hand-cut or tailor-made copies.
Also in 1951, the optional white WAC dress uniform was now authorized for wear by enlisted and NCO ranks and 2-inch Goldenlite yellow-on-white stripes were created to be worn with it.
By 1955 (as stated in Army Regulation 615-15, dated 2 July 1954), new grade structures were announced reactivating the specialist rank: specialist 3rd class (E-4, or SP3), specialist 2nd class (E-5, or SP2), specialist 1st class (E-6, or SP1) and master specialist (E-7, or MSP).
The specialist insignia was the same smaller and narrower size as the old Goldenlite stripes to differentiate specialists from non-commissioned officers.
In 1959, a 2-inch-wide set of Goldenlite-Yellow-on-green stripes were worn with the new Army Green WAC duty uniform; they replaced the taupe WAC service uniform by 1961.
In 1958, as part of a rank restructuring, two pay grades and four ranks were added: sergeant (E-5) returned to its traditional three chevron insignia, E-6 became staff sergeant, which had been eliminated in 1948 (with its previous three chevron and one arc insignia), sergeant first class became E-7, master sergeant became E-8, which included first sergeant and specialist 8; and E-9, which included sergeant major and specialist 9.
In 1961, the wearing of large Goldenlite-Yellow-on-green stripes was adopted for use on all Army uniforms (green, khaki, and fatigue) except for the Army dress-blue uniform, which used large insignia with a blue background.
In 1965, the ranks of specialist 8 and specialist 9 were discontinued, and private first class was briefly termed lance corporal.
In 1966, the rank of Sergeant Major of the Army was established, its holder an assistant to the Army chief of staff.
Considered a higher grade than sergeant major (or than command sergeant major from 1968), the Sergeant Major of the Army didn't receive its own unique rank insignia until 1979.
In 1968, the rank of command sergeant major was established as an assistant to the commanding officer at battalion, brigade, division, and corps level.
In 2001, the black Infantry beret was adopted as the standard headgear in place of the BDU cap, overseas cap, and visored cap.
In 2011, the beret was phased out in favor of the reintroduced patrol cap, for fatigue duty or field wear; but the beret is still worn with the service or dress uniform.
In 2006, the navy blue, army blue combination uniform was adopted to replace the army green uniform and the yellow-on-blue stripes were reintroduced.
The new combination Army Service Uniform (ASU) is dual-purpose, consisting of a dark-blue jacket, white dress shirt, and blue trousers (or an optional dark-blue skirt for female personnel).
The headquarters of each company-sized unit is assigned a senior non-commissioned officer (NCO) who, as the highest ranking enlisted person in the company/battery/troop, monitors the enlisted personnel and is their advocate with the commanding officer.
The rank of sergeant major is usually carried by the senior NCO of the S-3 staff section in a battalion, regiment, or a brigade, and in most staff sections in larger units.
The command sergeant major fills an advisory function, assisting the commander of a battalion, regiment, brigade, or higher formation in personnel matters.
In terms of command, the rank of a person typically determines what job and command the soldier has within a unit.
For personnel in US Army mechanized infantry, a Bradley infantry fighting vehicle (M2A2) is commanded by a Staff Sergeant, the gun is manned by a Specialist or Sergeant and the driver is Specialist or below.
For armor, the Abrams main battle tank (M1A2) is commanded by a captain, lieutenant, sergeant first class or staff sergeant; the gunner is a staff sergeant or sergeant; the driver is a specialist, private first class, PV2 or PV1; and the loader is a specialist or below.
The division of the Egyptian kingdom into nomes can be documented as far back as the reign of Djoser of the 3rd Dynasty in the early Old Kingdom, c. 2670 BCE, and probably dates even further back to the Predynastic kingdoms of the Nile valley.
The earliest topographical lists of the nomes of Upper and Lower Egypt date back to the reign of Nyuserre Ini, of the mid 5th Dynasty, from which time the nomarchs no longer lived at royal capital but stayed in their nomes.
The power of the nomarchs grew with the reforms of Nyuserre's second successor, Djedkare Isesi, which effectively decentralized the Egyptian state.
The post of nomarch then quickly became hereditary, thereby creating a virtual feudal system where local allegiances slowly superseded obedience to the pharaoh.
At the dawn of the First Intermediate Period, the power of the Pharaohs of the 8th Dynasty had diminished to the extent that they owed their position to the most powerful nomarchs, upon whom they could only bestow titles and honours.
The power of the nomarchs remained important during the later royal revival under the impulse of the 11th Dynasty, originally a family of Theban nomarchs.
Their power diminished during the subsequent 12th Dynasty, setting the stage for the apex of royal power during the Middle Kingdom.
The arch was commissioned by the Roman Senate to commemorate Constantine’s victory over Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge in AD 312.
Dedicated in 315, it is the largest Roman triumphal arch, with overall dimensions of.21 m high, 25.9 m wide and 7.4 m deep.
It has three bays, the central one being 11.5 m high and 6.5 m wide and the laterals 7.4 m by 3.4 m each.
The three bay design with detached columns was first used for the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum (which stands at the end of the triumph route) and repeated in several other arches now lost.
Though dedicated to Constantine, much of the sculptural decoration consists of reliefs and statues removed from earlier triumphal monuments dedicated to Trajan (98–117), Hadrian (117–138) and Marcus Aurelius (161–180).
During the Middle Ages, the Arch of Constantine was incorporated into one of the family strongholds of ancient Rome, as shown in the painting by Herman van Swanevelt, here.
Works of restoration were first carried out in the 18th century, the last excavations have taken place in the late 1990s, just before the Great Jubilee of 2000.
There has been much controversy over the origins of the arch, with some scholars claiming that it should no longer be referred to as Constantine's arch, but is in fact an earlier work from the time of Hadrian, reworked during Constantine's reign, or at least the lower part.
Another theory holds that it was erected, or at least started, by Maxentius, and one scholar believed it was as early as the time of Domitian (81–96).
By the time of his accession in 306 Rome was becoming increasingly irrelevant to the governance of the empire, most emperors choosing to live elsewhere and focusing on defending the fragile boundaries, where they frequently founded new cities.
Thus Constantine was perceived amongst other things as the deposer of one of the city's greatest benefactors, and needed to acquire legitimacy.
Consequently, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the patronage of early fourth century public buildings, including the Arch of Constantine, which may originally have been an Arch of Maxentius.
It remains the most impressive surviving civic monument from Rome in Late Antiquity, but is also one of the most controversial with regards to its origins and meanings.
The commission was clearly highly important, if hurried, and the work must be considered as reflecting the best available craftsmanship in Rome at the time; the same workshop was probably responsible for a number of surviving sarcophagi.
The question of how to account for what may seem a decline in both style and execution has generated a vast amount of discussion.
One factor that cannot be responsible, as the date and origin of the Venice Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs show, is the rise of Christianity to official support, as the changes predated that.
The arch is heavily decorated with parts of older monuments, which assume a new meaning in the context of the Constantinian building.
Another explanation given for the re-use is the short time between the start of construction (late 312 at the earliest) and the dedication (summer 315), so the architects used existing artwork to make up for the lack of time to create new art.
As yet another possible reason, it has often been suggested that the Romans of the 4th century truly did lack the artistic skill to produce acceptable artwork, and were aware of it, and therefore plundered the ancient buildings to adorn their contemporary monuments.
This interpretation has become less prominent in more recent times, as the art of Late Antiquity has been appreciated in its own right.
Above the central archway is the inscription, forming the most prominent portion of the attic and is identical on both sides of the arch.
Together with three panels now in the Capitoline Museum, the reliefs were probably taken from a triumphal monument commemorating Marcus Aurelius' war against the Marcomanni and the Sarmatians from 169 – 175, which ended with Marcus Aurelius' triumphant return in 176.
From the same time period the two large (3 m high) panels decorating the attic on the east and west sides of the arch show scenes from Trajan's Dacian Wars.
Together with the two reliefs on the inside of the central archway, these came from a large frieze celebrating the Dacian victory.
The original place of this frieze was either the Forum of Trajan, or the barracks of the emperor's horse guard on the Caelius.
The general layout of the main facade is identical on both sides of the arch, consisting of four columns on bases, dividing the structure into a central arch and two lateral arches, the latter being surmounted by two round reliefs over a horizontal frieze.
They display scenes of hunting and sacrificing: (north side, left to right) hunt of a boar, sacrifice to Apollo, hunt of a lion, sacrifice to Hercules.
On the south side, the left pair show the departure for the hunt (see below) and sacrifice to Silvanus, while those on the right (illustrated on the right) show the hunt of a bear and sacrifice to Diana.
The head of the emperor (originally Hadrian) has been reworked in all medallions: on the north side, into Constantine in the hunting scenes and into Licinius or Constantius I in the sacrifice scenes; on the south side, vice versa.
Similar medallions, of Constantinian origin, are located on the small sides of the arch; the eastern side shows the Sun rising, on the western side, the Moon.
The spandrels of the main archway are decorated with reliefs depicting victory figures with trophies (illustrated below), those of the smaller archways show river gods.
The horizontal frieze below the round reliefs are the main parts from the time of Constantine, running around the monument, one strip above each lateral archway and including the west and east sides of the arch.
It continues on the southern, face, with the Siege of Verona (Obsidio) on the left (South west), an event which was of great importance to the war in Northern Italy.
On the right (South east) is depicted the Battle of Milvian Bridge (Proelium) with Constantine's army victorious and the enemy drowning in the river Tiber.
On the eastern side, Constantine and his army enter Rome (Ingressus); the artist seems to have avoided using imagery of the triumph, as Constantine probably did not want to be shown triumphant over the Eternal City.
On the left (North east) is Constantine speaking to the citizens on the Forum Romanum (Oratio), while to the right (North west) is the final panel with Constantine distributing money to the people (Liberalitas).
Inside the lateral archways are eight portraits busts (two on each wall), destroyed to such an extent that it is no longer possible to identify them.
They are usually read as sign of Constantine's shifting religious affiliation: The Christian tradition, most notably Lactantius and Eusebius of Caesarea, relate the story of a vision of God to Constantine during the campaign, and that he was victorious in the sign of the cross at the Milvian Bridge.
In this situation, the vague wording of the inscription can be seen as the attempt to please all possible readers, being deliberately ambiguous, and acceptable to both pagans and Christians.
During the Middle Ages the chiefs of Cenél Áeda na hEchtge, the O'Shaughnessys (Ó Seachnasaigh, a clan descended from Guaire Aidhneach) had their principal stronghold in Gort, on a site which later became a cavalry barracks.
At the end of the seventeenth century the O'Shaughnessy lands were confiscated and granted to Sir Thomas Prendergast, 1st Baronet, whose grandson was John Prendergast Smyth, 1st Viscount Gort.
The segment from Ennis to Gort of the M18 Motorway bypass of the town was officially opened on 12 November 2010.
Gort railway station opened on 15 September 1869 and was closed for goods traffic on 3 November 1975 and for passenger traffic on 5 April 1976.
Gort rail services are on the Galway to Limerick route with connections to Cork and Tralee from Limerick station and to Dublin via Galway.
Some 40% of the residents of Gort were non-Irish, according to the 2006 Census, a massive majority of these being Brazilians.
These people originally came to work in the meat processing plants in Gort where the pay is generally much higher than in similar plants in Brazil.
The Roman Catholic Church caters to the Brazilian community with a mass in Portuguese every Saturday held in Gort Catholic Church.
The town has its own secondary school, Gort Community School which was founded in 1995, and serves a large area of south County Galway.
It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pangasinan and northern Tarlac, on the northern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the Pangasinan ethnic group.
Pangasinan is also spoken in southwestern La Union, as well as in the municipalities of Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pangasinan.
Pangasinan is similar to other closely related Philippine languages, Malay in Malaysia (as Malaysian), Indonesia (as Indonesian), Brunei, and Singapore, Hawaiian in Hawaii and Malagasy in Madagascar.
The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet, located north of Pangasinan.
Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf.
Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya.
The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of a wave of prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan between 10 and 6 thousand years ago.
Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano continued to write and publish in Pangasinan.
Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan.
The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India.
Most of the loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years.
Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with prefix PI- and a cardinal number from two to four or PIN- for other numbers except for number one.
Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with prefix MAN- (MAMI- or MAMIN- for present or future tense, and AMI- or AMIN- for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number.
Sir Walter Norman Haworth FRS (19 March 1883 – 19 March 1950) was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) while working at the University of Birmingham.
Haworth worked out the correct structure of a number of sugars, and is known among organic chemists for his development of the Haworth projection that translates three-dimensional sugar structures into convenient two-dimensional graphical form.
Having worked for some time from the age of fourteen in the local Ryland's linoleum factory managed by his father, he studied for and successfully passed the entrance examination to the University of Manchester in 1903 to study chemistry.
After gaining his master's degree under William Henry Perkin, Jr., he was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and studied at the University of Göttingen earning his PhD in Otto Wallach's laboratory after only one year of study.
A DSc from the University of Manchester followed in 1911, after which he served a short time at the Imperial College of Science and Technology as Senior Demonstrator in Chemistry.
In 1912 Haworth became a lecturer at United College of University of St Andrews in Scotland and became interested in carbohydrate chemistry, which was being investigated at St Andrews by Thomas Purdie (1843–1916) and James Irvine (1877–1952).
Haworth began his work on simple sugars in 1915 and developed a new method for the preparation of the methyl ethers of sugars using methyl sulfate and alkali (now called Haworth methylation).
Haworth organised the laboratories at St Andrews University for the production of chemicals and drugs for the British government during World War I (1914–1918).
Among his lasting contributions to science was the confirmation of a number of structures of optically active sugars: by 1928, he had deduced and confirmed, among others, the structures of maltose, cellobiose, lactose, gentiobiose, melibiose, gentianose, raffinose, as well as the glucoside ring tautomeric structure of aldose sugars.
In 1933, working with the then Assistant Director of Research (later Sir) Edmund Hirst and a team led by post-doctoral student Maurice Stacey (who in 1956 rose to the same Mason Chair), having properly deduced the correct structure and optical-isomeric nature of vitamin C, Haworth reported the synthesis of the vitamin.
During World War II, he was a member of the MAUD Committee which oversaw research on the British atomic bomb project.
Haworth is commemorated at the University of Birmingham in the Haworth Building, which houses most of the University of Birmingham School of Chemistry.
In 1977 the Royal Mail issued a postage stamp (one of a series of four) featuring Haworth's achievement in synthesising vitamin C and his Nobel prize.
Sir Ronald Darling Wilson, (23 August 192215 July 2005) was a distinguished Australian lawyer, judge and social activist serving on the High Court of Australia between 1979 and 1989 and as the President of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission between 1990 and 1997.
Wilson was also one of three judges sitting on The WA Inc Royal Commission in the early 1990s which eventually led to former Premier Brian Burke being jailed in March 1997.
At the age of seven his father, also a lawyer, suffered a stroke and spent the next five years in a hospice.
At the age of 14, Wilson left formal schooling and took his first job as a messenger with the Geraldton Local Court.
In September 1941, following the outbreak of World War II, Wilson enlisted in the army reserve, which was known at the time as the Militia (service no.
The battalion was part of a Special Mobile Force stationed in coastal areas between Perth and Geraldton, to respond in the event of an attack by Japanese forces.
427404) received pilot training under the Empire Air Training Scheme, and was posted to the UK, for operations with Royal Air Force (RAF) formations.
He had a rapid rise in his legal career, becoming Crown Prosecutor for Western Australia in 1959, only eight years after starting work as a lawyer.
In 2002 and 2005 two men he had prosecuted for murder have had their convictions overturned: John Button, who was convicted in 1963 of the manslaughter of his girlfriend Rosemary Anderson had his conviction overturned by the Western Australian Court of Appeal.
Perth serial killer, Eric Edgar Cooke, confessed to both offences before he was hanged for other murders, but was not believed by authorities.
The Fraser Government appointed Wilson to the High Court of Australia in 1979 and was the first member of the Court from Western Australia.
Wilson adopted a federalist position on the court; and was frequently in the minority on issues relating to the scope of the Commonwealth's external affairs legislative power.
The new Hawke Government had used the external affairs power as the basis for passing legislation preventing the Tasmanian Government from building a hydro-electric dam on the Franklin River.
Wilson considered that the external affairs power did not give the Federal Parliament authority to pass such legislation as it could obtain power to pass any form of legislation it wished by simply entering into a treaty with another power.
Wilson dissented on the first Mabo case of 1988, with the majority finding that the , which attempted to retrospectively abolish native title rights, was not valid according to the .
In 1990 the Hawke Government appointed Wilson as the President of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, where he served until his retirement in 1997.
During his term as Human Right Commissioner, Wilson also served as Deputy Chairperson of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation from 1991 to 1994.
Wilson and Mick Dodson, the Aboriginal Social Justice Commissioner, jointly led the National Inquiry into the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families and communities.
Wilson and Dodson visited every state in Australia over the 17-month duration of the Inquiry and heard testimony from 535 aboriginals with 600 more making submissions.
The first National Sorry Day was held in 1998 and attracted widespread participation while, in 2000, an estimated people walked across the Sydney Harbour Bridge in support of reconciliation.
It was particularly critical of the behaviour of former Premier Brian Burke who was subsequently convicted for two years on charges of fraudulent behavior in 1994.
Throughout his life, Wilson was an active participant in first the Presbyterian Church of Australia and then the Uniting Church in Australia.
He held a range of senior positions in the Church including Moderator of Assembly, Presbyterian Church in Western Australia (1965); Moderator, Synod of Western Australia, Uniting Church in Australia (1977-1979); President of the Assembly, Uniting Church in Australia (1988-1991), the first layperson to hold that post; and President of the Australian Chapter of the World Conference on Religion and Peace (1991-1996).
He was particularly concerned with encouraging the broad Australian community to gain an understanding of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history.
In retirement, he travelled widely to Aboriginal and church events, and was an active member of a refugee education scheme near his home.
In 1978 Wilson was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for services to the community in Western Australia.
The following year he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for services as a Justice of the High Court of Australia.
In addition, Wilson was awarded the Centenary Medal on 1 January 2001 for service as a Justice of the High Court of Australia and to human rights.
He has been conferred with honorary degrees from the University of Western Australia (Doctor of Laws), Keimyung University (Doctor of Education), and Murdoch University (Doctor of the University).
The work is usually performed in a waiting area such as a lobby or front office desk of an organization or business.
The term front desk is used in many hotels for an administrative department where a receptionist's duties also may include room reservations and assignment, guest registration, cashier work, credit checks, key control as well as mail and message service.
Receptionists cover many areas of work to assist the businesses they work for, including setting appointments, filing, record keeping, and other office tasks.
The business duties of a receptionist may include answering visitors' enquiries about a company and its products or services, directing visitors to their destinations, sorting and handing out mail, answering incoming calls on multi-line telephones or, earlier in the 20th century, a switchboard, setting appointments, filing, records keeping, keyboarding/data entry and performing a variety of other office tasks, such as faxing or emailing.
Some, but not all, offices may expect the receptionist to serve coffee or tea to guests, and to keep the lobby area tidy.
A receptionist may also assume some security guard access control functions for an organization by verifying employee identification, issuing visitor passes, and observing and reporting any unusual or suspicious persons or activities.
It is an expectation of most organizations that the receptionist maintains a calm, courteous and professional demeanor at all times, regardless of the visitor's behavior.
Some personal qualities that a receptionist is expected to possess in order to do the job successfully include attentiveness, a well-groomed appearance, initiative, loyalty, maturity, respect for confidentiality and discretion, a positive attitude and dependability.
At times, the job may be stressful due to interaction with many different people with different types of personalities, and being expected to perform multiple tasks quickly.
Depending on the industry a receptionist position can have opportunities for networking in order to advance to other positions within a specific field.
Some people may use this type of job as a way to familiarize themselves with office work, or to learn of other functions or positions within a corporation.
Some people use receptionist work as a way to earn money while pursuing further educational opportunities or other career interests such as in the performing arts or as writers.
While many persons working as receptionists continue in that position throughout their careers, some receptionists may advance to other administrative jobs, such as a customer service representative, dispatcher, interviewers, secretary, production assistant, personal assistant, or executive assistant.
In smaller businesses, such as a doctor's or a lawyer's office, a receptionist may also be the office manager who is charged with a diversity of middle management level business operations.
For example, in the hotel industry, the night-time receptionist's role is almost always combined with performing daily account consolidation and reporting, more particularly known as night auditing.
When receptionists leave the job, they often enter other career fields such as sales and marketing, public relations or other media occupations.
A few famous people were receptionists in the beginning, such as Betty Williams, a co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize.
A number of celebrities had worked as receptionists before they became famous, such as singer/songwriter Naomi Judd and the late Linda McCartney, photographer, entrepreneur and wife of Beatle Paul McCartney.
Other famous people who began their careers as receptionists or worked in the field include civil rights activist Rosa Parks and former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina.
Some small-to-medium-sized business owners hire a live remote receptionist in lieu of a full-time, in-house receptionist, thanks to advances in communications technology.
As the phrase itself suggests, a live remote receptionist deals with phone calls for a company in another location using telephony private branch exchange (PBX) servers.
New types of virtual video receptionist systems now allows for live, in-house or remote receptionists to manage office lobby areas from remote locations.
The video receptionist and visitors can then communicate via 2-way video, allowing the receptionist to manage one or many office lobby areas from a central location.
However, a receptionist who possesses strong office/technical skills and who is also adept in courtesy, tact and diplomacy is still considered an asset to a company's business image, and is still very much in demand in the business world.
So, while we were in the middle of composing and arranging the residual songs, we were sort of overtaken by our future selves.
If you wanted to become famous, what you should do was to form a hard rock group and then release an album over there; it would definitely sell well... so the story went ...
Colin Pearson, who co-produced the album, said that Marian Gold would occasionally have problems with lyrics, and then he would remember that Gold was writing in a foreign language.
Band member Bernhard Lloyd said the album was recorded using equipment such as Roland TR-808 and Linn LM-1 drum machines, a Roland System-100M, an ARP String Ensemble and a Roland SDE 200 Digital Delay machine.
The album fared well in parts of Europe, but it failed to make an impact on the UK charts or in the US, faring no better than number 180.
The package comes with two additional CDs, one with original single versions, B-sides and remixes and the other with 16 original demos.
There is also a super deluxe edition that includes the new remaster on vinyl and comes with a 24-page vinyl-sized booklet, created by the art director of the original album in close collaboration with the band and contains a variety of rare and unpublished photos, sleeve notes and various other testimonies.
The NEC V20 (μPD70108) was a processor made by NEC that was a reverse-engineered, pin-compatible version of the Intel 8088 with an instruction set compatible with the Intel 80186.
The chip featured much more than the 29,000 transistors of the simpler 8088 CPU, ran at 5 to 10 MHz and was around 30% faster (application dependent) than the 8088 at the same clock speed, primarily due to faster effective address calculation, along with faster loop counters, shift registers and multiplier.
Because it was pin-compatible with the 8088 and relatively inexpensive, the V20 was also a popular end-user upgrade for systems with a socketed processor, including the original IBM PC and XT.
An unusual feature of the NEC V20 was that it added an Intel 8080 emulation mode, in which it could execute programs written for the Intel 8080 processors.
The instructions codice_1 executed in 8086 mode (NEC used a different notation for the instructions than Intel, where BRK in NEC notation is INT in Intel notation) and codice_2 and codice_3 executed in 8080 mode was used to switch or return to or from the emulation mode.
There were some programs which allowed 8080-based CP/M-80 programs to run on MS-DOS machines, notably V2080 CPMulator (later ZRUN) by Michael Day and 22nice from SYDEX.
The ADD4S, SUB4S, and CMP4S instructions were able to add, subtract, and compare huge packed binary-coded decimal numbers stored in memory.
Another family consisted of the TEST1, SET1, CLR1, and NOT1 instructions, which test, set, clear, and invert single bits of their operands, but are far less efficient than the later i80386 equivalents BT, BTS, BTR, and BTC; neither are their encodings compatible.
And finally, there were two additional repeat prefixes, REPC and REPNC, which amended the original REPE and REPNE instructions and allowed a string of bytes or words to be scanned (with instructions SCAS and CMPS) while a less or not less condition remained true.
While in flight, an optical sensor would detect the signature of a laser-painted target on shore and convert the shell to an actively homing rocket for pinpoint destruction of moving and stationary targets on shore.
Participated in Operation Urgent Fury, the liberation of Grenada, and in the Multi-National Peacekeeping Forces off the coast of Lebanon, and in Baltic Operations 1990.
Briscoe acted as the On-Scene Commander for the ensuing rescue efforts for the over 500 passengers, coordinating the actions of the numerous vessels in the area.
Standing boldly at the base of the shield is the Lion of St. Mark, which refers to the Admiral's leadership as Commander in Chief of Allied Southern Forces Europe.
The fess and wavy bar, immediately above the Lion of St. Mark, suggest flowing water passing warships and small land areas.
The trident, symbol of Triton, ruler of the seas, refers to the United States Naval Academy where the Admiral served as a student, instructor and department head.
The flash represents Prometheus' gift of science to mankind and alludes to Admiral Briscoe as one of the pioneers of modern electronics development in the Navy.
Damage Incorporated is a 2.5D first-person shooter for Mac OS using the Marathon 2 engine and published by MacSoft in 1997.
Returning home in March 1983, she participated in Solid Shield '83, a complex exercise involving U.S. NATO ships and the U.S. Air Force.
The highlights of the deployment was the Tomahawk missile strike launched against Iraq in support of Operation Southern Watch on 17 January 1993.
The reorganization was to be phased in over the summer and take effect on 31 August, with homeport shifts to occur through 1998.
SHAREM 125 was the latest in a series of SHAREM exercises designed to test and evaluate undersea warfare tactics, weapons, sensors and procedures.
This was the eighth in a series of fleet battle experiments designed to evaluate new naval warfare concepts and technological capabilities.
The focus of FBE-H was the application of network-centric operations in gaining and sustaining access in support of follow-on joint operations.
Throughout the deployment, the battle group also participated in numerous international exercises, including Arabian Gauntlet, an 11-nation exercise that involved more than 20 ships.
Additionally, U.S. sailors worked with military forces from Oman, Jordan, Tunisia, Kuwait, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, improving interoperability and strengthening relationships with those countries.
Rota Spain, Ibiza Spain, Marseilles France, Cavaliere France, Genoa Italy, ASU Bahrain, with a brief stop for Suez Canal traffic in Port Said Egypt and a brief stop for fuel in Djibouti.
She was laid up at the inactive ships maintenance facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and sunk as a target along with her sister, off the coast of North Carolina on 7 June 2006.
The many decorations received by Admiral Stump for his exemplary service in the Pacific Theater during World War II are represented in the shield.
The U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal, received for exceptionally meritorious services as commander of a combined operations center during the early part of the war, is represented by the colors scarlet, white and blue, the colors of the suspension ribbon of the medal.
Admiral Stump's navy career, his noted boldness, and his service aboard six aircraft carriers are presented by the griffin holding an anchor.
Due to equipment casualties in the engineering plant while on the east coast of Chile, the crew had to repair in place the pneumatic clutch-brake assemblies on the two forward gas turbine engines, the second repair having to be completed at sea en route Montevideo, Uruguay.
Once in port, the damaged LM-2500 Gas Turbine Main Engine was replaced in 82 hours, using a large floating crane in the port facility.
In June 1987 she made another deployment to the Mediterranean and followed this up with two more deployments in 1989 as part of the Middle East Force, and 1992 MIF (Maritime Interception Force)during Iraq war.
SHAREM 114 was a U.S. 6th Fleet naval exercise conducted in the Gulf of Valencia off the east coast of Spain.
Operation Destined Glory 96, lasted 16 days and was a NATO forces combined amphibious exercise which began 13 March and continued through 26 March.
It tested forces in the air and at sea in the Central Mediterranean near Sardinia and in the Tyrrhenian Sea and also trained ashore at Capo Teulada, Sardinia.
Military units from the NATO countries of Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Turkey and United States took part in the exercise which focused on undersea, surface, electronic and air warfare, and included communications and shiphandling skills.
He was born in Berlin, the son of Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872) and his wife Princess Marianne (1810–1883), daughter of King William I of the Netherlands.
Albrecht entered the Prussian army in 1847, serving in the First Schleswig War and participating in the battles of Skalitz, Schweinschädel and Königgrätz in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866.
After the fall of the Second Empire, he was subordinated to Edwin von Manteuffel in the fighting around Bapaume and St. Quentin.
In 1885, Albert was chosen as Regent for the Duchy of Brunswick, as German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck had removed Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, from office.
In 1913 Ernst August's son Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick became Duke of Brunswick who only reigned for 5 years and 6 days.
After World War II, the mausoleum was plundered and the bodies of Albert and his wife were reburied in the park.
On 9 April 1873 in Berlin he married Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1854–1898), daughter of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1826–1908) and his wife Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau (1824–1897).
His decision to wait until he was 36 before marrying is thought to have been a reflection of his parents' marital situation.
She arrived at her new home port at Charleston, South Carolina just prior to Christmas 1978 becoming the first of her class at that base.
While at Pascagoula, she was ordered to conduct an emergency sortie in order to avoid the worst effects of Hurricane Frederic, spending several days in the Gulf of Mexico while the storm system passed.
It was in this refit that a pair of moose antlers were installed on the ship, just below the bridge windows.
Port visits included Rota, Spain, Naples, Italy, Cagliari, Italy, La Spezia, Italy, Marseilles, France, Benidorm, Spain, Cartagena, Spain, and Palma de Mallorca.
She deployed on six days notice for Operation Desert Shield to join the rapidly formed USS John F Kennedy Battle Group.
She was first tasked to delay her Suez transit by several weeks in order to be the US contribution to the standing up of NATO's Standing Naval Force Mediterranean making port calls in Italy and Balearic Islands.
Following a short maintenance period in Jidda, Saudi Arabia, she took onboard small contingents of U.S. Coast Guard personnel and Navy SEALS, both trained in VBSS and continued search and seizure operations until transiting back North through the Suez.
Her assignment was to stop, board, and search merchant vessels flagged by nations sympathetic to Iraq; and to prevent any war materials found onboard from reaching Jordan and ultimately Iraq.
The yard period in Mayport Florida was also to repair extensive issues encountered during the overhaul and upgrades performed at the Earl Shipyard in Charleston just a few years prior to.
UNITAS, Latin for unity, consists of at-sea operations, amphibious operations, riverine operations and in port exercises conducted with nine South American navies over a four-month period.
The 40-year-old operation promotes a cooperative maritime strategy in the region while supporting the U.S. policy of continued engagement in South America through forward presence.
The navies of Canada, United Kingdom, the Netherlands and South Africa joined the United States and South American navies for the first phase of UNITAS.
The U.S. Navy's longest-running annual deployment began at Naval Station Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico, as seven ships from four foreign navies joined a five ship U.S. task group.
Following this, the task force then headed for Venezuela on 18 July as Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia each directed, in turn, their own phase of UNITAS.
She was maintained there in Maintenance Category B for activation in time of national emergency until 2006, when she was towed to Brownsville, Texas, for dismantling.
Through the heraldic fountain for water, the grappling iron (a device used for close range, early naval encounters), and the torpedo, the crest commemorates the Battle of Vella Gulf in the South Pacific during World War II.
The then-Commander Moosbrugger led his ships into exceedingly close range against Japanese naval forces; took the enemy by surprise, and delivered a devastating torpedo attack, thereby annihilating the hostile force.
The first studies for the H1 experiment have proposed in 1981 and the H1 detector began operating together with HERA in 1992 and took data until 2007.
The detector consisted of several different detector components and was about 12 x 15 x 10 meters big and weighs 2800 tons.
It was accompanied by further detectors in both directions of the HERA accelerator and by an electronics trailer three stories high.
The main physics goals of the H1 experiment were the investigation of the internal structure of the proton through measurements of deep inelastic scattering, the measurements of further cross sections to study fundamental interactions between particles in order to test the Standard Model of particle physics, as well as searching for particles beyond the Standard Model.
The name H1 is used for both, the detector itself and the collaboration of physicists and technicians who operated the experiment.
The first proposals for the H1 detector have been made in 1981 and the letter of intent for the H1 experiment was published on June 28, 1985 .
The HERA North Hall, where the H1 detector was located, is now used for other particle physics and gravitational experiments by DESY.
The data taken with the H1 detector are preserved for future analyses within the DPHEP (Data Preservation and Long Term Analysis in High Energy Physics) initiative .
The H1 experiment was designed and operated by an international collaboration of about 400 physicists and technicians from 43 institutes in 18 countries (List of currently participating institutes).
Leptons (electrons or positrons) are collided with protons by HERA in the interaction point of H1 and the particles produced in these collisions were detected by the H1 detector components.
In addition to these systems, H1 has several helper systems, such as a luminosity system, ToF (time of flight) detectors and radiation monitors.
Also in the course of time additional detector systems have been added as the focus on special physics processes has become bigger.
While H1 is a general purpose detector its main design feature is an asymmetric construction to cope with the boosted center of mass in the laboratory frame due to the large energy imbalance of the colliding beams.
In the forward (incident proton) direction the instrumentation has higher granularity to give a better resolution for refined measurement of the proton remnant left after the collision with the incident lepton.
In the backward direction, where the lepton is mostly scattered into the detectors were optimized for the reconstruction of the scattered lepton trajectory.
She was named for Lieutenant Colonel William G. Leftwich, Jr., USMC (1931–1970), commander of the 1st Reconnaissance Battalion who was killed in action during Operation Imperial Lake in Quảng Nam Province South Vietnam on 18 November 1970 in a helicopter crash during the extraction of one of his reconnaissance teams.
The Commissioning speaker was the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Thomas B. Hayward, USN, who was a classmate of Bill Leftwich at the United States Naval Academy.
On sailing, Hurricane David was threatening to make its way into the Gulf of Mexico, so shipping traffic on the transit to the Panama Canal was unusually light.
Hurricane David did strike the Gulf coast, and was followed shortly after by Hurricane Frederic, which caused many ships at Ingalls Shipbuilding and Drydock to sortie into the hurricane.
This was a response to Iran's 16 October 1987 attack on the MV Sea Isle City, a reflagged Kuwaiti oil tanker at anchor off Kuwait, with a Silkworm missile.
In 1990–91, under the command of Commander Patrick Garrett in support of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, the destroyer conducted more than 200 merchant ship interceptions and one boarding.
She was one of the first ships to fire BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles during the conflict, and was the first combatant to conduct a wartime reload of Tomahawks for continued operations.
With embarked helicopters and SEALs, she captured the first Iraqi territory repatriated in the war (an island off the coast of the al-Faw waterway), multiple enemy prisoners of war, and conducted 16 combat search and rescue cases.
For her efforts in the Persian Gulf, The Leftwich and her crew were awarded the Navy Unit Commendation Ribbon and the Combat Action Ribbon.
She participated in Operation Nimble Archer, Desert Shield, and Desert Storm as well as operations in support of UN sanctions against Iraq.
After the passage of the storm, she returned to her builders yard for final outfitting and was quickly commissioned with her crew in dungarees in the helo hangar and deck prior to departure for her first homeport of San Diego, California where she was formally commissioned on 21 September 1979 in its home port.
While home ported in Pearl Harbor HI, Cushing conducted cruises in the North Pacific in 1991 and 1992 with visits to the west coast and Canada.
Cushing circumnavigated South America and passed through the Panama Canal again from the Pacific to the Atlantic side in less than 6 months.
After disembarking the Admiral in Puerto Rico the Cushing passed through the Panama Canal again on her return voyage to San Diego then home port Pearl Harbor HI in late 1992.
1993 was spent conducting short cruieses at sea around HI and in 1994 Cushing entered dry dock at Pearl Harbor for, among other things, the addition of the VLS (vertical launch system) missile package.
This was an upgrade of the system successfully used in 1995 with the additional capability for shipboard launch and recovery and direct interface to the shipboard system.
The destroyer had been homeported in Pearl Harbor since 1991 and was set to replace which was changing homeports to Everett, Washington.
CARAT '98 was the fourth annual Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) exercise held between the United States and six Southeast Asia countries from 12 May to 5 August 1998.
As part of a series of bilateral training exercises, CARAT 98 had U.S. forces training with military forces of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines.
CARAT '98 demonstrated U.S. commitment to security and stability in Southeast Asia while increasing the operational readiness and capabilities of U.S. forces.
The exercise also promoted interoperability and cooperation with U.S. regional friends and allies by offering a broad spectrum of mutually beneficial training opportunities.
During a Naval Surface Fire Support exercise held near Guam on 4–5 December 2000, the Cushing posted a better-than-perfect score during a gun shoot.
The upper area of the pile is red, alluding to the danger of this famous action and that Commander Cushing was under enemy fire more than any other Union Navy officer.
The dark blue also recalls the fact that Commander Cushing took the torpedo, at that time a Confederate weapon, and successfully used it to sink an enemy vessel.
On 14 January 1991, she collided with the Wichita class replenishment oiler while conducting underway replenishment operations in the Gulf of Oman.
In the incident, she was caught by a gust of wind which caused the ship to smash into the dry dock.
Muntz also pioneered car stereos by creating the Muntz Stereo-Pak, better known as the 4-track cartridge, a predecessor to the 8-track cartridge developed by Lear Industries.
Muntz produced and marketed the first black-and-white television receivers to sell for less than $100, and created one of the earliest functional widescreen projection TVs.
He was friends with celebrities such as singer Rudy Vallee, comedian Jerry Colonna, actor Bert Lahr, television presenter Dick Clark, and cowboy actor Gene Autry.
During the Great Depression, at age 15, he dropped out of Elgin High School to work in his parents' hardware store in Elgin, Illinois.
He was only 20 years old, and his mother had to sign the car-sale papers because legally he was too young to close his own deals.
During a vacation in California, Muntz discovered that used cars sold there for far higher prices; so he moved to California in 1940 at age 26 to open a used car lot in Glendale.
Local newspapers ran stories about the unusual cars, and Muntz sold them all within two weeks, still in their original shipping crates.
In 1948, race car designer and Kurtis-Kraft founder Frank Kurtis attempted to market a new sports car, the two-seater Kurtis Kraft Sport.
Initial production of the Jet took place in Glendale, where Muntz extended the two-seater Kurtis Kraft Sport's body by , making it a four-seater, and exchanged the Ford V8 engine for a larger Cadillac V8.
Later, after making just 28 Jets in California, Muntz moved production to a new factory in Evanston, Illinois, extended the body further by , and replaced the Cadillac V8 with a less expensive Lincoln sidevalve V8.
The Jet was capable of a top speed of and acceleration of 0–50 mph (0–80 km/h) in 6 seconds, a significant achievement for a road car at the time.
The labor and materials required to produce the Jet resulted in a high price for the end product and, in 1954, after selling about 400 cars and losing about $1,000 ($ in ) on each, Muntz closed the company.
Muntz played the madman in his unorthodox television commercials, but in fact he was a shrewd businessman and a self-taught electrical engineer.
By trial and error, taking apart and studying Philco, RCA, and DuMont televisions, he figured out how to reduce the devices' electrical components to their minimum functional number.
In the 1940s and 1950s, most brands of television receivers were complicated pieces of equipment, commonly containing about 30 vacuum tubes, as well as rheostats, transformers, and other heavy components.
As a result, they were usually very expensive: the cheapest U.S.-manufactured receiver made before World War II used a screen and cost $125 ($ in ); the cheapest model with a screen cost $445 ($ in ).
By 1954, although broadcast television in the United States had existed in various forms since 1928, only 55 percent of U.S. households owned a receiver.
They worked poorly with weaker signals, as most of the components that Muntz had removed were intended to boost performance in fringe areas.
This was a calculated decision: Muntz preferred to leave the low-volume, high-performance television receiver market to firms such as RCA and Zenith Electronics, as his intended customers were primarily urban dwellers with limited funds.
Additionally, many urban apartment buildings had rules prohibiting external television antennas, and installation of an antenna, even if allowed, cost as much as $150.
His radio commercials, which Muntz ran up to 170 times a day, initially followed a classical music theme built around the spelling of Muntz's name.
Muntz admitted his business lost $1,457,000 from April to August 1953, and although he tried to reorganize, Muntz TV filed bankruptcy and went out of business in 1959.
4-track was the direct predecessor of the Stereo 8 cartridge, also known as the 8-track, later developed by American inventor Bill Lear.
The Stereo-Pak cartridge was based on the endless-loop Fidelipac cartridge, which was being used by radio stations, designed by inventor George Eash.
Before Muntz developed the Stereo-Pak, the only in-car units capable of recorded playback were phonograph-based players, such as the Highway Hi-Fi invented by Peter Goldmark.
These units played special 16 rpm records or 45 rpm records, however they tended to skip whenever the vehicle hit a bump in the road, and attempts to alleviate this by increasing the pressure on the arm caused discs to wear out prematurely.
The Autostereo could play a complete album without changing tracks or turning the tape over, did not suffer from skipping or premature wear as the phonograph-based players did, and its number of knobs and controls were minimized to allow the driver to concentrate on the road.
The tape player gave customers greater control over their listening experiences, because the tapes never ran advertisements or public service announcements, unlike radio broadcasts.
Muntz audio products were so profitable by 1962 that he cancelled his agreements with tape-duplicating companies and founded his own company to manufacture prerecorded Stereo-Pak cartridges.
Most record companies did not manufacture Stereo-Pak cartridges themselves; however, the Muntz Electronics Corporation licensed music from all the major record labels and issued hundreds of different tapes in the mid to late 1960s.
The Autostereo player, which retailed from $129 in 1963 ($ in ) was a popular aftermarket addition to cars among the Beverly Hills rich and famous.
Barry Goldwater purchased one for his son, and Jerry Lewis recorded his scripts onto Stereo-Pak cartridges to learn his lines while driving.
His print advertisements often showed the player installed in an appealing sports car and usually incorporated a young, attractive model with a suggestive tagline.
However, he soon decided to re-engineer and customize the units to suit his own wishes, the result of which became the Stereo 8 system.
The market for Muntz's 4-track system had faded by 1970 due to competition from Stereo 8, which reduced costs by using less magnetic tape and a less-complex cartridge mechanism.
Although the 4-track system had higher fidelity since the tape speed was double the speed of the Stereo 8 system (and the 4-track had wider heads for better bandwidth), the Stereo 8 quickly became the dominant format for car stereo systems during the late 1960s.
He explained that when reproducing the work of major artists like The Beatles, the Stereo-Pak plant had to make hundreds of thousands of cartridges.
During the mid-1970s, Muntz thought of taking a Sony color cathode ray tube (CRT) television receiver, fitting it with a special lens and reflecting mirror, then projecting the magnified image onto a larger screen.
He housed these primitive units in a large wooden console, making it one of the first successful widescreen projection TV receivers marketed for home use.
Sony's U.S. sales division was unaware that Muntz was dealing directly with Sony's Tokyo original equipment manufacturer (OEM) department, which shipped him the TV chassis directly.
In 1979, Muntz decided to sell blank tapes and VCRs as loss leaders to attract customers to his showroom, where he would then try to sell them his projection TV systems.
His success continued through the early 1980s until he invested heavily in the Technicolor Compact Video Cassette (CVC), a 1/4 in (0.6 cm) system designed to compete with Betamax, VHS, and the Super 8 film home-movie system.
He made headlines in February 1985 as the first retailer to offer a Hitachi cellular phone for less than $1,000 ($ in ), when just two years earlier most cellular phones had cost about $3,000 ($ in ).
After he died, his children, James and Tee, continued to operate two Muntz stores in Van Nuys and Newhall; the remainder of the stores were franchised businesses.
Directed by Dan Bunker and Judy ver Mehr, it was produced by Jim Castoro, an owner of an original Muntz Jet.
The film was an official 2005 selection at the San Fernando Valley International Film Festival and the Ole Muddy Film Festival.
The film documents Muntz's life, paying particular attention to his colorful career, and includes interviews with people who knew him and home movie footage contributed by his children.
Novo Ecijano and Hukbalahap Communist guerrilla resistance groups from 1942 to 1944 in San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija for the sieges and invasions to attack the Japanese Imperial forces was found retreated and before the liberation on 1945 from the Allied troops.
The Monument to the People's Heroes () is a ten-story obelisk that was erected as a national monument of China to the martyrs of revolutionary struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries.
The obelisk monument was built in accordance with a resolution of the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference adopted on November 30, 1949, with construction lasting from August 1952 to May 1958.
The monument has also served as the center of large-scale mourning activities that later developed into protest and unrest, such as the deaths of Premier Zhou Enlai (which developed into the Tiananmen Square protests of 1976) and Hu Yaobang (which later developed into the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, which was claimed as an anti-government movement by the Communist Party at that time).
It weighs over and contains about 17,000 pieces of marble and granite from Qingdao, Shandong Province, and the nearby Fangshan District.
The conduct of commemoration activities at the Monument to the People's Heroes is regulated by the Major Events Administration Office of the Tiananmen Area Administrative Committee.
Since the protests of 1989 (during which the Monument was a rallying point for the protestors), the government has prohibited climbing the monument beyond the protective barrier without prior approval, as well as photography and filming.
Since 1980, it has been customary for visiting foreign dignitaries, especially from historical allies of the People's Republic of China, such as post-Soviet states, to lay wreaths at the monument when visiting Beijing.
DNA is wrapped around histones, and, by transferring an acetyl group to the histones, genes can be turned on and off.
Euchromatin, which is less densely compact, allows transcription factors to bind more easily to regulatory sites on DNA, causing transcriptional activation.
When it was first discovered, it was thought that acetylation of lysine neutralizes the positive charge normally present, thus reducing affinity between histone and (negatively charged) DNA, which renders DNA more accessible to transcription factors.
Research has emerged, since, to show that lysine acetylation and other posttranslational modifications of histones generate binding sites for specific protein–protein interaction domains, such as the acetyllysine-binding bromodomain.
Type A HATs are located in the nucleus and are involved in the regulation of gene expression through acetylation of nucleosomal histones in the context of chromatin.
Type B HATs are located in the cytoplasm and are responsible for acetylating newly synthesized histones prior to their assembly into nucleosomes.
The acetyl groups added by type B HATs to the histones are removed by HDACs once they enter the nucleus and are incorporated into chromatin.
Despite this historical classification of HATs, some HAT proteins function in multiple complexes or locations and would thus not easily fit into a particular class.
HATs can be grouped into several different families based on sequence homology as well as shared structural features and functional roles.
These HATs are generally characterized by the presence of a bromodomain, and they are found to acetylate lysine residues on histones H2B, H3, and H4.
All members of the GNAT family are characterized by up to four conserved motifs (A-D) found within the catalytic HAT domain.
This includes the most highly conserved motif A, which contains an Arg/Gln-X-X-Gly-X-Gly/Ala sequence that is important for acetyl-CoA recognition and binding.
It has four functional domains, including an N-terminal domain, a highly conserved catalytic (HAT) domain, an Ada2 interaction domain, and a C-terminal bromodomain.
These proteins have a 400-residue N-terminal region that is absent in yeast Gcn5, but their HAT functions are evolutionarily conserved with respect to the latter.
It is responsible for most of the cytoplasmic HAT activity in yeast, and it binds strongly to histone H4 by virtue of its association with an additional subunit, Hat2.
These HATs are typically characterized by the presence of zinc fingers and chromodomains, and they are found to acetylate lysine residues on histones H2A, H3, and H4.
Several MYST family proteins contain zinc fingers as well as the highly conserved motif A found among GNATs that facilitates acetyl-CoA binding.
A cysteine-rich region located in the N terminus of the HAT domain of MYST proteins is involved in zinc binding, which is essential for HAT activity.
Sas3 found in yeast is a homolog of MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein), which is an oncogene found in humans.
The HAT activity of the latter is required for the twofold increased transcription of the male X chromosome (dosage compensation) in flies.
Human HBO1 (HAT bound to ORC1) was the first HAT shown to associate with components of the origin of replication complex.
In addition to those that are members of the GNAT and MYST families, there are several other proteins found typically in higher eukaryotes that exhibit HAT activity.
p300/CBP are metazoan-specific and contain several zinc finger regions, a bromodomain, a catalytic (HAT) domain, and regions that interact with other transcription factors.
Importantly, the HAT domain shows no sequence homology to other known HATs, and it is required for p300/CBP to function in transcriptional activation.
In addition, these proteins contain several HAT domain motifs (A, B, and D) that are similar to those of the GNATs.
TAF250 is one of the TBP-associated factor subunits of TFIID, and it shares a Gly-X-Gly pattern with Gcn5 that is important for HAT activity.
Human SRC-1 (steroid receptor coactivator-1) is known to interact with p300/CBP and PCAF, and its HAT domain is located in its C-terminal region.
ACTR (also known as RAC3, AIB1, and TRAM-1 in humans) shares significant sequence homology with SRC-1, in particular in the N-terminal and C-terminal (HAT) regions as well as in the receptor and coactivator interaction domains.
TIF-2 (transcriptional intermediary factor 2; also known as GRIP1) is another nuclear receptor coactivator with HAT activity, and it also interacts with p300/CBP.
A table summarizing the different families of HATs along with their associated members, parent organisms, multisubunit complexes, histone substrates, and structural features is presented below.
In general, HATs are characterized by a structurally conserved core region made up of a three-stranded β-sheet followed by a long α-helix parallel to and spanning one side of it.
The core region, which corresponds to motifs A, B, and D of the GNAT proteins, is flanked on opposite sides by N- and C-terminal α/β segments that are structurally unique for a given HAT family.
The central core and the flanking segments together form a cleft over the former, which is where histone substrates can bind prior to catalysis.
While the central core domain (motif A in GNATs) is involved in acetyl-CoA binding and catalysis, the N- and C-terminal segments assist in binding histone substrates.
Unique features related to the sequence and/or structure of the N- and C-terminal regions for different HAT families may help to explain some observed differences among HATs in histone substrate specificity.
CoA binding has been observed to widen the histone binding groove in the central core by moving the C-terminal segment of Gcn5 outward.
HATs in the GNAT family are most notably characterized by an approximately 160-residue HAT domain and a C-terminal bromodomain, which binds to acetylated lysine residues.
Many MYST proteins also contain a cysteine-rich, zinc-binding domain within the HAT region in addition to an N-terminal chromodomain, which binds to methylated lysine residues.
On a broader scale, the structures of the catalytic domains of GNAT proteins (Gcn5, PCAF) exhibit a mixed α/β globular fold with a total of five α-helices and six β-strands.
The overall topology resembles a vise, with the central core of the protein at the base and the N- and C-terminal segments on the sides.
The structure of p300/CBP is characterized by an elongated globular domain, which contains a seven-stranded β-sheet in the center that is surrounded by nine α-helices and several loops.
The structure of the central core region associated with acetyl-CoA binding is conserved with respect to GNAT and MYST HATs, but there are many structural differences in the regions flanking this central core.
Overall, the structural data is consistent with the fact that p300/CBP HATs are more promiscuous than GNAT and MYST HATs with respect to substrate binding.
The structure of Rtt109 is very similar to that of p300, despite there only being 7% sequence identity between the two proteins.
There is a seven-stranded β-sheet that is surrounded by α-helices as well as a loop that is involved in acetyl-CoA substrate binding.
In addition, the residues in the active site of each enzyme are distinct, which suggests that they employ different catalytic mechanisms for acetyl group transfer.
The basic mechanism catalyzed by HATs involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the ε-amino group of a target lysine side-chain within a histone.
Members of the GNAT family have a conserved glutamate residue that acts as a general base for catalyzing the nucleophilic attack of the lysine amine on the acetyl-CoA thioester bond.
These HATs use an ordered sequential bi-bi mechanism wherein both substrates (acetyl-CoA and histone) must bind to form a ternary complex with the enzyme before catalysis can occur.
A conserved glutamate residue (Glu173 in yeast Gcn5) activates a water molecule for removal of a proton from the amine group on lysine, which activates it for direct nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of enzyme-bound acetyl-CoA.
Studies of yeast Esa1 from the MYST family of HATs have revealed a ping-pong mechanism involving conserved glutamate and cysteine residues.
The first part of the reaction involves the formation of a covalent intermediate in which a cysteine residue becomes acetylated following nucleophilic attack of this residue on the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA.
Then, a glutamate residue acts as a general base to facilitate transfer of the acetyl group from the cysteine to the histone substrate in a manner analogous to the mechanism used by GNATs.
When Esa1 is assembled in the piccolo NuA4 complex, it loses its dependence on the cysteine residue for catalysis, which suggests that the reaction may proceed via a ternary bi-bi mechanism when the enzyme is part of a physiologically relevant multiprotein complex.
In human p300, Tyr1467 acts as a general acid and Trp1436 helps orient the target lysine residue of the histone substrate into the active site.
These two residues are highly conserved within the p300/CBP HAT family and, unlike enzymes in the GNAT and MYST families, p300 does not employ a general base for catalysis.
The yeast enzyme has very low catalytic activity in the absence of the histone chaperone proteins Asf1 and Vps75, which may be involved in delivering histone substrates to the enzyme for acetylation.
The structures of several HAT domains bound to acetyl-CoA and histone substrate peptides reveal that the latter bind across a groove on the protein that is formed by the central core region at the base and is flanked on opposite sides by the variable N- and C-terminal segments that mediate the majority of the interactions with the substrate peptide.
It is likely that these variable regions are at least in part responsible for the observed specificity of different HATs for various histone substrates.
Members of the GNAT and MYST families as well as Rtt109 exhibit greater substrate selectivity than p300/CBP, which is rather promiscuous with regard to substrate binding.
Whereas it appears that only three to five residues on either side of the lysine to be acetylated are necessary for effective substrate binding and catalysis by members of the GNAT and p300/CBP families, more distal regions of the substrate may be important for efficient acetylation by MYST family HATs.
In the context of complexes like SAGA and ADA, however, Gcn5 is able to acetylate H3K14 among other sites within histones H2B, H3, and H4 (e.g., H3K9, H3K36, H4K8, H4K16).
In flies, acetylation of H4K16 on the male X chromosome by MOF in the context of the MSL complex is correlated with transcriptional upregulation as a mechanism for dosage compensation in these organisms.
In the context of their cognate complexes, Sas2 (SAS) and Esa1 (NuA4) also carry out acetylation of H4K16, in particular in the telomere regions of chromosomes.
SRC-1 acetylates H3K9 and H3K14, TAF230 (Drosophila homolog of human TAF250) acetylates H3K14, and Rtt109 acetylates H3K9, H3K23, and H3K56 in the presence of either Asf1 or Vps75.
In addition to the core histones, certain HATs acetylate a number of other cellular proteins including transcriptional activators, basal transcription factors, structural proteins, polyamines, and proteins involved in nuclear import.
The idea that acetylation can affect protein function in this manner has led to inquiry regarding the role of acetyltransferases in signal transduction pathways and whether an appropriate analogy to kinases and phosphorylation events can be made in this respect.
For PCAF, these include the non-histone chromatin (high-mobility group (HMG)) proteins HMG-N2/HMG17 and HMG-I(Y), the transcriptional activators p53, MyoD, E2F(1-3), and HIV Tat, and the general transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF.
Other proteins include CIITA, Brm (chromatin remodeler), NF-κB (p65), TAL1/SCL, Beta2/NeuroD, C/EBPβ, IRF2, IRF7, YY1, KLF13, EVI1, AME, ER81, and the androgen receptor (AR).
It can also autoacetylate, which facilitates intramolecular interactions with its bromodomain that may be involved in the regulation of its HAT activity.
p300/CBP have many non-histone substrates, including the non-histone chromatin proteins HMG1, HMG-N1/HMG14, and HMG-I(Y), the transcriptional activators p53, c-Myb, GATA-1, EKLF, TCF, and HIV Tat, the nuclear receptor coactivators ACTR, SRC-1, and TIF-2, and the general transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF.
Other substrates include the transcription factors Sp1, KLF5, FOXO1, MEF2C, SRY, GATA-4, and HNF-6, HMG-B2, STAT3, the androgen and estrogen (α) receptors, GATA-2, GATA-3, MyoD, E2F(1-3), p73α, retinoblastoma (Rb), NF-κB (p50, p65), Smad7, importin-α, Ku70, YAP1, E1A adenovirus protein, and S-HDAg (hepatitis delta virus small delta antigen).
p300/CBP have also been observed to acetylate β-catenin, RIP140, PCNA, the DNA metabolic enzymes flap endonuclease-1, thymine DNA glycosylase, and Werner syndrome DNA helicase, STAT6, Runx1 (AML1), UBF, Beta2/NeuroD, CREB, c-Jun, C/EBPβ, NF-E2, SREBP, IRF2, Sp3, YY1, KLF13, EVI1, BCL6, HNF-4, ER81 and FOXO4 (AFX).
Some of the proteins that associate with HATs in these complexes function by targeting the HAT complex to nucleosomes at specific regions in the genome.
SAGA, NuA3) often use methylated histones as docking sites so that the catalytic HAT subunit can carry out histone acetylation more effectively.
The specific lysine residues that a given HAT acetylates may become either broader or more restricted in scope upon association with its respective complex.
For example, the lysine specificity of MYST family HATs toward their histone substrates becomes more restricted when they associate with their complexes.
In contrast, Gcn5 acquires the ability to acetylate multiple sites in both histones H2B and H3 when it joins other subunits to form the SAGA and ADA complexes.
When in complex with the former, Rtt109 acetylates H3K9 and H3K27, but, when in complex with the latter, it preferentially acetylates H3K56.
The catalytic activity of HATs is regulated by two types of mechanisms: (1) interaction with regulatory protein subunits and (2) autoacetylation.
A given HAT may be regulated in multiple ways, and the same effector may actually lead to different outcomes under different conditions.
However, data suggests that associated subunits may contribute to catalysis at least in part by facilitating productive binding of the HAT complex to its native histone substrates.
Human p300 contains a highly basic loop embedded in the middle of its HAT domain that is hyperacetylated in the active form of the enzyme.
It has been proposed that, upon autoacetylation, this loop is released from the electronegative substrate binding site where it sits in the inactive HAT.
They usually function within a multisubunit complex in which the other subunits are necessary for them to modify histone residues around the binding site.
Chromatin is a combination of proteins and DNA found in the nucleus, and it undergoes many structural changes as different cellular events such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcription occur.
Histone acetyltransferases transfer an acetyl group to specific lysine residues on histones, which neutralizes their positive charge and thus reduces the strong interactions between the histone and DNA.
There can be different levels of histone acetylation as well as other types of modifications, allowing the cell to have control over the level of chromatin packing during different cellular events such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair.
Acetylation is not the only regulatory post-translational modification to histones that dictates chromatin structure; methylation, phosphorylation, ADP-ribosylation, and ubiquitination have also been reported.
These combinations of different covalent modifications on the N-terminal tails of histones have been referred to as the histone code, and it is thought that this code may be heritable and preserved in the next cell generation.
Lysines 9, 14, 18, and 23 of H3 and lysines 5, 8, 12, and 16 of H4 are all targeted for acetylation.
Lysines 5, 12, 15, and 20 are acetylated on histone H2B, while only lysines 5 and 9 have been observed to be acetylated on histone H2A.
The level of packing of the DNA is important for gene transcription, since the transcriptional machinery must have access to the promoter in order for transcription to occur.
Neutralization of charged lysine residues by HATs allows for the chromatin to decondense so that this machinery has access to the gene to be transcribed.
HATs act as transcriptional co-activators or gene silencers and are most often found in large complexes made up of 10 to 20 subunits, some of which shared among different HAT complexes.
These complexes include SAGA (Spt/Ada/Gcn5L acetyltransferase), PCAF, ADA (transcriptional adaptor), TFIID (transcription factor II D), TFTC (TBP-free TAF-containing complex), and NuA3/NuA4 (nucleosomal acetyltransferases of H3 and H4).
Some HAT transcriptional co-activators contain a bromodomain, a 110-amino acid module that recognizes acetylated lysine residues and is functionally linked to the co-activators in the regulation of transcription.
The ability of histone acetyltransferases to manipulate chromatin structure and lay an epigenetic framework makes them essential in cell maintenance and survival.
The process of chromatin remodeling involves several enzymes, including HATs, that assist in the reformation of nucleosomes and are required for DNA damage repair systems to function.
The only known mutation that has been implicated in the disease is in the N-terminal region of the protein huntingtin (htt).
The human premature aging syndrome Hutchinson Gilford progeria is caused by a mutational defect in the processing of lamin A, a nuclear matrix protein.
Mice with PCAF deletion are incompetent with respect to learning, and those with CBP deletion seem to suffer from long-term memory loss.
The cells underwent irradiation, creating double-strand breaks within the DNA, and garcinol was introduced into the cells to see if it influenced the DNA damage response.
If garcinol is successful at inhibiting the process of non-homologous end joining, a DNA repair mechanism that shows preference in fixing double-strand breaks, then it may serve as a radiosensitizer, a molecule that increases the sensitivity of cells to radiation damage.
The Virginia Military District was an approximately 4.2 million acre (17,000 km²) area of land in what is now the state of Ohio that was reserved by Virginia to use as payment in lieu of cash for its veterans of the American Revolutionary War.
Virginia and the other states ceded their claims over western lands to overcome other states' objections to ratifying the Articles of Confederation.
The Ohio district was a surplus reserve, in that military land grants were first made in an area southeast of the Ohio River, in what is now Kentucky.
The land was located in southern Ohio, bordered by the Ohio River on the south, the Little Miami River on the west, and the Scioto River on the east and the north.
The District encompassed all of the following Ohio counties: Adams, Brown, Clinton, Clermont, Highland, Fayette, Madison, and Union, and portions of these counties: Scioto, Pike, Ross, Pickaway, Franklin, Delaware, Marion, Hardin, Logan, Clark, Greene, Champaign.
Surveys were done using the metes and bounds method used in Virginia, rather than the Public Land Survey System established by the Land Ordinance of 1785 used for most of the Northwest Territory.
Further complicating the matter was the ambiguous location of the line established with the Treaty of Greenville, which separated Native American lands from lands open to white settlers and which ran through the northern portion of the District.
The last extension act was passed on March 3, 1855, allowing two years for claims made prior to January 1, 1852 to be surveyed and patented.
The college trustees aggressively claimed lands where there was not clear title, sometimes uprooting families who had been farming the land for 75 years.
This caused such an uproar that Congress was forced to act and on May 27, 1880, passed legislation limiting the rights of the college to unappropriated lands.
Massie's Station (now Manchester, Ohio), founded in 1791, was the first permanent settlement in the District, named after Nathaniel Massie, a surveyor and land speculator.
Many Virginians who settled in the area never owned slaves, although numerous settlers freed or sold their slaves before departing for Ohio, due to the provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.
Virginia soldiers of the Continental line, who served in the Revolutionary War, were eligible to procure a bounty award in the form of land, according to a formula based on rank and time of service.
The first step was to secure a proper certificate of service and then to acquire a printed warrant from the land office in Virginia specifying the quantity of land.
This warrant empowered the person to whom it was given, or heirs and assignees, to select the specified area from anywhere within the military reserve district.
After the location was chosen and boundaries surveyed, the owner of the warrant exchanged it for a patent, which was equivalent to a deed in fee simple and passed all title of the government to the holder.
It is used for legislative and ceremonial activities by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the ruling Communist Party of China.
The People's Great Hall functions as the meeting place for the full sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC), the Chinese legislature, which occurs every year during March along with the national session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a political advisory body.
It is also the meeting place of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which, since 1982, has occurred once every five years and the party's Central Committee which meets approximately once a year.
The Hall is also used for many special events, including national level meetings of various social and political organisations, large anniversary celebrations, as well as the memorial services for former leaders.
After design proposals were submitted a group of architects from across the country chose the winning design by Zhao Dongri and Shen Qi.
Designed to symbolize the national unity and ethnic equality of the nation, the Great Hall embodied the new Chinese character of time in its features, proportion and details.
The building covers 171,801 square metres (1,849,239 sq ft) of floor space, it is 356 metres in length and 206.5 metres in width.
Each province, special administrative region, autonomous region of China has its own hall in the Great Hall, such as Beijing Hall, Hong Kong Hall and Hainan Hall.
The Great Auditorium, with volume of 90,000 cubic metres, seats 3,693 in the lower auditorium, 3,515 in the balcony, 2,518 in the gallery and 300 to 500 on the dais.
The ceiling is decorated with a galaxy of lights, with a large red star is at the centre of the ceiling, and a pattern of a water waves nearby represents the people.
The State Banquet Hall with an area of 7,000 square meters can entertain 7,000 guests, and up to 5,000 people can dine at one time (as was done on the occasion of Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China).
Smaller gatherings can be held in the Main Auditorium, with larger groups having the use of one or more of the conference halls, such as Golden Hall and North Hall, and the smallest assemblies accommodated in one or more of the over 30 conference halls that are named after provinces and regions in China.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) also holds its National Congress every five years in the Great Hall of the People.
The Great Hall has been used for meetings with foreign dignitaries on state or working visits, as well as large anniversary celebrations attended by top leaders.
The Great Hall also held the funerals of General Secretary Hu Yaobang in 1989 during the Tiananmen Square protests, as well as the memorial service for paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in 1997.
In October 2003, Riverdance, the Irish music and dance entertainment phenomenon was the first show from the West to perform in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, with eleven sold-out performances.
Riverdance was officially invited to perform in the Great Hall of the People by former premier of the People’s Republic of China, Zhu Rongji during his state visit to Ireland in September 2001.
In January 2009, American country music trio Lucy Angel gained the distinction of being the first American group ever to be invited to perform at the Great Hall of the People, doing so before an audience of dignitaries and government officials.
This technique uses the specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target fluorescent dyes to specific biomolecule targets within a cell, and therefore allows visualization of the distribution of the target molecule through the sample.
There have been efforts in epitope mapping since many antibodies can bind the same epitope and levels of binding between antibodies that recognize the same epitope can vary.
Additionally, the binding of the fluorophore to the antibody itself cannot interfere with the immunological specificity of the antibody or the binding capacity of its antigen.
Immunofluorescence is a widely used example of immunostaining (using antibodies to stain proteins) and is a specific example of immunohistochemistry (the use of the antibody-antigen relationship in tissues).
Immunofluorescence can be used on tissue sections, cultured cell lines, or individual cells, and may be used to analyze the distribution of proteins, glycans, and small biological and non-biological molecules.
If the topology of a cell membrane has yet to be determined, epitope insertion into proteins can be used in conjunction with immunofluorescence to determine structures.
Immunofluorescence can be used in combination with other, non-antibody methods of fluorescent staining, for example, use of DAPI to label DNA.
Several microscope designs can be used for analysis of immunofluorescence samples; the simplest is the epifluorescence microscope, and the confocal microscope is also widely used.
Likewise, an antigen can also be conjugated to the antibody with a fluorescent probe in a technique called fluorescent antigen technique.
In addition to the element to which fluorescence probes are attached, there are two general classes of immunofluorescence techniques: primary and secondary.
The attached fluorophore can be detected via fluorescent microscopy, which, depending on the messenger used, will emit a specific wavelength of light once excited.
However, writer Peter David was uncomfortable with this, and ultimately editor Bob Harras independently came to the conclusion that Legion should not be used in the series.
The two had an affair that, after an amicable end and unbeknownst to Xavier, ultimately resulted in the birth of their son David (Gabrielle had not told Xavier she was pregnant).
David, at a young age, was living with his mother and stepfather in Paris when his home was attacked by terrorists and his stepfather killed.
The trauma of the situation caused an initial manifestation of David's mutant powers, as David incinerated the minds of the terrorists.
The trauma (possibly in conjunction with the nature of his reality-altering powers) had caused David's psyche to splinter into multiple personalities, each personality manifesting different mutant abilities.
Some of the personalities resisted Karami, most notably Jack Wayne, a swaggering adventurer who was telekinetic, and Cyndi, a temperamental, rebellious girl who was pyrokinetic.
During his time at Muir Island, David saved Moira and Wolfsbane from a fatal accident by accessing the telekinetic abilities of his Jack Wayne personality.
David, who despite his belief was not sane, understood these words as a directive to travel back in time and kill Magneto, Xavier's greatest adversary, to allow his father Professor X achieve the dream of human-mutant coexistence.
David appeared in the past in front of Xavier and Magneto, who at the time were orderlies in a mental hospital.
After overpowering the X-Men, Legion readied his fatal blow for Magneto, but Xavier leaped in front of the lethal psychic attack and was himself killed.
Ultimately, Bishop managed to fix the timeline by enlisting the aid of the new reality's X-Men to travel back in time to the moment of Xavier's murder.
There Bishop confronted Legion, using David's own power to create a psionic loop that showed the young mutant the damage that his actions would cause.
While David was considered deceased, some of his alternate personalities manifested as spirits and started terrorizing Israel (where David had been born).
When Bishop had turned Legion's psychic power back on him, it devastated David's mental landscape, undoing all the healing efforts of Karami and Professor Xavier.
Magik offered to guide Legion back to this dimension, provided that The Legion would aid her by destroying her nemeses, the Elder Gods, when she asked.
David re-manifested in the physical world, although his core David personality had been imprisoned in his mindscape by his other personalities, allowing the more malicious personalities to take turns controlling his body.
One of these personalities killed and absorbed the mind of a young girl, Marci Sobol, who became another personality within Legion.
As the rest of the team fought a losing battle against various personalities that seized control of Legion's body, in his mindscape Karma and Magik destroyed other hostile personalities.
By freeing David and helping him reassert control, Karma and Magik saved the rest of the team and were restored to their bodies.
Believing that David's psyche would be healed if his alternate personalities were quarantined, Doctor Nemesis began to catalog and contain these personalities within David's mind.
Assuming the appearance of the deceased Moira McTaggert (considered a mother figure by David due to his time under her care at Muir Island), the personality attempted to 'protect' Legion from the 'assault' on his mind by creating a pocket reality where Legion was the hero that he always wanted to be.
The alternate pocket reality, the Age of X, was a dystopia in which mutants had been hunted almost to extinction; the remaining mutants were kept alive by Legion's mutant team, who daily generated a force wall to repel attacking human forces.
Legion himself remained unaware that one of his personalities had created this world, and most of the mutants who had been brought into the reality by 'Moira' believed that they had always been there.
Within this pocket reality the 'Moira' personality was practically omnipotent, creating and controlling random soldiers for Legion and the other mutants to kill.
Confronted with this truth, Legion spoke to 'Moira,' who tearfully offered to create as many universes for him as he wanted.
Instead, David absorbed 'Moira' back into himself and erased the Age of X reality, restoring its participants to Earth-616 reality; ultimately, this entire timeline had lasted seven days in their normal continuity.
With the Age of X incident underscoring the potentially apocalyptic scope of David's power, Professor X proposed a new approach to help Legion retain control of himself.
Instead of isolating David from the other personalities in his mind, Professor X suggested that he learn to co-exist with them.
When David entered a number, the device stimulated cells in his thalamus and neocortex, creating a one-way link between David's core personality and the alternate personality he had selected.
While absorbing the last one, he accidentally absorbed Rogue along with it, and, after releasing her, David suffered a massive shock to his nervous system.
Rogue stated that, while she was inside Legion, she was connected to thousands of types of powers and there were more being born all the time.
Under Merzah's tutelage, David learned to visualize a facility in his mind where his alternate personalities could be kept and controlled.
When Legion sensed this, the mental shock caused a catastrophic release of energy that killed Merzah and everyone else at the monastery.
In a desperate attempt to save himself, David sought out the help of renowned young psychotherapist Hannah Jones to delve into his fractured mind and fight back this dark personality.
While Jones was ultimately able to help Legion defeat Trauma, she remained trapped in David's psyche (her body in a vegetative coma).
As the X-Men race around the globe to fight the temporal anomalies that have been springing up and to corral the hundreds of Madrox duplicates wreaking havoc, Legion arrives at the X-Mansion, seemingly in control of his powers and psyche.
While the young X-Men try to ascertain what he wants, elsewhere Jean Grey and Psylocke team up to psychically purge whatever force is controlling the army of Madrox duplicates.
Finding the prime Madrox imprisoned below the area where the army of duplicates are congregating, he explains that Legion imprisoned him and implanted his numerous personalities and powers across the hundreds of duplicates.
However, with his control broken, Legion goes berserk in the mansion, attacking the young X-Men and ranting about a vision of the future.
The rest of the X-Men arrive to help but Legion singlehandedly takes on the whole team until he and Jean Grey go head-to-head.
Legion then explains that he's trying to prevent a vision of the future - the arrival of the Horsemen of Salvation - but just as Legion mentions them, the Horsemen arrive.
Fundamentally, he has the ability to alter reality and time on a cosmic scale at will, but due to his multiple personalities, in practice his abilities vary depending on the dominant personality: each alter has different powers enabled by David's subconscious manipulation of reality.
The core personality, David Haller himself, generally does not manifest mutant abilities, but must access various personalities to use their power, sometimes losing control of himself to that personality.
Some of Legion's personalities physically transform his body (e.g., manifesting a prehensile tongue, becoming a woman, transforming into a werewolf, etc.).
Legion has over a thousand different personalities (the exact number is unknown), and his mind can create additional alters in response to external or internal events.
The cumulative abilities of all his personalities make him one of the most powerful mutants in existence, if not the most powerful.
Since the abilities of his personalities stem from his subconscious alteration of reality, Legion is theoretically capable of manifesting any power he can imagine.
In two instances David has manifested the full extent of his ability to alter time and reality: in the first, he wiped the Elder Gods from existence and reset the universe to a state before the Elder Gods first appeared on Earth, and in the other he observed the entirety of spacetime and mended damage his personalities had done to it.
Legion can absorb other people's psyches into his mind, either intentionally or, if he is next to them when they die, unintentionally.
Conversely, in several instances Legion has had personalities manifest and act separately from him (or even against him) in the physical world; in most instances Legion has ultimately reabsorbed these personalities back into himself.
Presumably, both his absorption of other psyches and the physical manifestations of his own personalities are enabled by Legion's underlying ability to alter reality/time at will.
Generally, David's ability to access and control his personalities/powers is closely tied to his self confidence and self esteem: the better he feels about himself, the more control he exercises.
Following the Age of X, David briefly used a Neural Switchboard Wristband engineered by Doctor Nemesis, Madison Jeffries, and Reed Richards.
To overcome Professor X on the psychic plane, this personality took on the face of Moira MacTaggart and claimed that it would make a world where Legion could be happy.
'Moira' announced her intention to destroy the 616 universe as well as the Age of X and to create a new safe place for David to live happily forever.
In the series premiere, David is captured from the Clockworks mental facility, where he has been since a suicide attempt, by an anti-mutant government unit known as Division 3 which wants to harness David's abilities for themselves.
In the second season, David is found by his friends and it is revealed that the drone was sent by Syd from the future.
He also begins to pursue the Shadow King during Summerland's alliance with Division 3, but learns that he must work with him due to a plague in the future.
In the last couple episodes of season 2, the more psychopathic nature of David is explored, and he is revealed as a villain.
Edwin Markham was born in Oregon City, Oregon, and was the youngest of 10 children; his parents divorced shortly after his birth.
They moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1900 to study natives and their appeasement, then to New York City, where they lived in Brooklyn and then Staten Island.
Edwin's correspondents included Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ambrose Bierce, Aleister Crowley, Jack and Charmian London, Carl Sandburg, Florence Earle Coates and Amy Lowell.
While in Oakland, he became well acquainted with many other famous contemporary writers and poets, such as Joaquin Miller, Ina Coolbrith, Charles Warren Stoddard, and Edmund Clarence Stedman.
He also gave much of his time to organizations such as the Poetry Society of America, which he established in 1910.
Throughout Markham's later life, many readers viewed him as an important voice in American poetry, a position signified by honors such as his election in 1908 to the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
Three schools, all named Edwin Markham Elementary School, are in Oakland, Vacaville and Hayward, and three more are Markham Middle School in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Watts, Edwin Markham Middle School in Placerville, and Edwin Markham Junior High School in San Jose, the last since renamed Willow Glen Middle School.
Schools in other states named in his honor include Edwin Markham Intermediate School 51 in Staten Island, Edwin Markham Elementary north of Pasco, Washington, Edwin Markham Elementary School in Mt.
Joseph Aspdin (December 1778 – 20 March 1855) was an English cement manufacturer who obtained the patent for Portland cement on 21 October 1824.
Aspdin (or Aspden) was the eldest of the six children of Thomas Aspdin, a bricklayer living in the Hunslet district of Leeds, Yorkshire.
He entered his father's trade, and married Mary Fotherby at Leeds Parish Church (the Parish Church of St Peter at Leeds) on 21 May 1811.
Almost immediately after this, in 1825, in partnership with a Leeds neighbour, William Beverley, he set up a production plant for this product in Kirkgate, Wakefield.
The Kirkgate plant was closed in 1838 after compulsory purchase of the land by the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company, and the site was cleared.
At this time his eldest son James was working as an accountant in Leeds, and his younger son, William, was running the plant.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Joseph Aspdin, of Leeds, in the County of York, Bricklayer, send greeting.
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said part recited Letters Patent (as in and by the same), reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
I then take a specific quantity of argillaceous earth or clay, and mix them with water to a state approaching impalpability, either by manual labour or machinery.
After this proceeding I put the above mixture into a slip pan for evaporation, either by heat of the sun or by submitting it to the action of fire or steam conveyed in flues or pipe under or near the pan till the water is entirely evaporated.
Then I brake the said mixture into suitable lumps and calcine them in a furnace similar to a lime kiln till the carbonic acid is entirely expelled.
The mixture so calcined is to be ground, beat, or rolled to a fine powder, and is then in a fit state for making cement or artificial stone.
This powder is to be mixed with a sufficient quantity of water to bring it into the consistency of mortar, and thus applied to the purposes wanted.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Aspdin, have hereunto set my hand seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord 1824, and aforesaid Joseph Aspdin came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
The product was aimed at the market for stuccos and architectural pre-cast mouldings, for which a fast-setting, low-strength cement was required (see cement).
The grinding technology of the time consisted only of flat millstones, and it was more economic to comminute the limestone by burning and slaking than by grinding.
The limestone he used was the Pennine Carboniferous limestone of the area, which was used for paving in the towns and on the turnpike roads.
His son William's innovation was to make a mix with a higher limestone content, to burn it at a higher temperature using more fuel, and to grind the hitherto-discarded hard clinkered material, hence increasing wear-and-tear in the grinding process.
Chromatosomes are connected to each other when the linker DNA, of one chromatosome, binds to the linker histone of another chromatosome.
Founded in 1900 as the Montana State School of Mines, the university became affiliated with the University of Montana in 1994.
In the summer of 2018, the Montana University System Board of Regents voted to officially change the school's name from Montana Tech of the University of Montana to Montana Technological University.
In fall 2017, Montana Tech had nearly 2,700 students, 13 campus buildings and offers 45 undergraduate degrees along with 15 minors, 11 certification degrees, and 10 pre-professional career programs.
Founded in 1900 as the Montana State School of Mines, the university became affiliated with the University of Montana in 1994.
In the summer of 2018, the Montana University System Board of Regents voted to officially change the school's name from Montana Tech of the University of Montana to Montana Technological University.
Montana Tech consists of four colleges: the School of Mines & Engineering; the College of Letters, Sciences and Professional Studies; Highlands College; and the Graduate School.
Montana Tech teams, nicknamed athletically as the Orediggers, are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Frontier Conference.
He attended the Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), and the London School of Film Technique (now the London Film School).
It envisages the UK under the rule of the Widow, a grotesque version of Margaret Thatcher as viewed by her harshest critics, who supposedly establishes a one party state in a fifth term.
A significant proportion of Sinclair's work has consisted of an ambitious and elaborate literary recuperation of the so-called occultist psychogeography of London.
The 2012 games mark a distinctive shift in Sinclair's psychogeographical writing, moving to a more documentary mode with fewer semi-fictional elements included in his work.
This marked the culmination of a series of works which detailed Sinclair's attempts to grasp the changing nature of London and to (ultimately unsuccessfully) re-map his own experiences of the city.
Sinclair's own view of psychogeography later echoed many of the earlier criticisms of his work which focused on the commodification of 'heritage zones' in less affluent areas of the city.
A consistent theme in Sinclair's non-fiction and semi-fictional works has been the rediscovery of writers who enjoyed success in the early 20th century, but have been largely forgotten.
He has written about, championed and contributed introductory notes to novels by authors such as Robert Westerby, Roland Camberton, Alexander Baron and John Healy.
I look forward to learning just as much as I teach and feel that a useful dialogue has already begun, between students, myself and the location.
Arthur's story, part revealed in a leather-bound book owned by the Sinclair family entitled 'In Tropical Lands' involved a trek of uncertain purpose on behalf of 'The Peruvian Corporation'.
Travelling with his daughter, Farne, filmmaker Grant Gee, and poet and translator Adolfo Barberá del Rosal, the journey is expected to result in a range of artistic responses including podcasts, film and various books.
The area is a remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville and is the largest of many salt flats located west of the Great Salt Lake.
Geologist Grove Karl Gilbert named the area after Benjamin Bonneville, a U.S. Army officer who explored the Intermountain West in the 1830s.
In 1907 Bill Rishel and two local businessmen tested the suitability of the salt for driving on by taking a Pierce-Arrow onto the surface of the flats.
Furthermore, the Pontiac Bonneville (former flagship sedan of the Pontiac motor division), the Triumph Bonneville motorcycle, and the Bonneville International media company are all named for the salt flats.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has undertaken numerous studies of the salt crust thickness within the Bonneville Salt Flats and ultimately concluded in a 2007 study that there was virtually no difference in the salt crust thickness from 1988 to 2003.
Despite this, since 1998, the owners of the Wendover potash facility have worked diligently in conjunction with the BLM to undertake the Salt Laydown Project under which solid salt from ponds located south of Interstate 80 is dissolved and pumped onto the Bonneville Salt Flats north of I-80.
During the following summer months, heat from the sun vaporizes the water and the precipitated salt becomes part of the race track surface.
Since the onset of this project, more than 10.7 million tons of salt have been pumped onto the Bonneville Salt Flats.
The Southern California Timing Association and the Utah Salt Flats Racing Association organizes and plans the multi-vehicle events, but all event promoters contribute to prepping and maintaining the salt.
The salt flats had been swamped by heavy rains earlier in the year, which usually happens, but the rains also triggered mudslides from surrounding mountains and onto a section of the flats used for the land-speed racing courses.
Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity (published in paperback as Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity) is a 2004 book by law professor Lawrence Lessig that was released on the Internet under the Creative Commons Attribution/Non-commercial license on March 25, 2004.
This latter broadening is so ambiguous that it provides a foundation for massive abuse of power by companies holding large copyright portfolios.
For example, the Recording Industry Association of America sued a freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) for $10,000,000 for improving a search engine used only inside RPI.
Lessig argues that this substantially limits the growth of creative arts and culture, in violation of the US Constitution; the Supreme Court ruled that Congress has the constitutional authority to properly balance competing interests on cases like this.
Lessig concludes his book by suggesting that as society evolves into an information society there is a choice to be made to decide if that society is to be free or feudal in nature.
It indirectly supports them by ensuring that follow-on creators and innovators remain as free as possible from the creators of the past by limiting how extensive intellectual property rights are.
In a free culture, innovators are able to create — and build upon past creations — without the worry of infringing upon intellectual property rights.
If the past creator refuses to grant permission to the innovator, the past creator may appeal to the government to enforce their intellectual property rights.
Lessig argues that we are fast becoming a permissions culture, though he sees the internet as a modern-day Armstrong: it challenges the traditional innovator and seeks to break free of any permissions or strict regulations.
Lessig’s worry is that intellectual property rights will not be protecting the right sort of property, but will instead come to protect private interests in a controlling way.
He writes that the First Amendment protects creators against state control and copyright law, when properly balanced, protects creators against private control.
Expansive intellectual property rights stands to dramatically increase all regulations on creativity in America, stifling innovation by requiring innovators to request permission prior to their creative work.
Purportedly, this is not a new practice, but one that is increasingly challenged, mostly for economic reasons by creators and industry.
This new role of law is meant to protect copyright owners from 'pirates' who share their content for free, effectively 'robbing' the creator of any profit.
Lessig acknowledges piracy is wrong and deserving of punishment, however he is concerned the concept, as it appears in the context of 'internet piracy', has been used inappropriately.
This problematic conception follows a certain chain of reasoning: creative work has value; when an individual uses, takes or builds upon someone else's creative work they are appropriating something of value from the creator.
If someone appropriates something of value from a creator without the creator's expressed permission, then that someone is 'pirating' the creator's work, and this is wrong.
Lessig goes on to suggest that the advent of the Internet has changed our culture, and along with it the expectation and acceptance of creative piracy.
The presence of the internet instigates and fans the flames of the piracy war by virtue of its inherent ability to very quickly and indiscriminately spread content.
Finding the balance is, has been, and needs to continue to be the process of U.S. law; internet use, as exemplified by peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing pushes the envelope.
However, the law still remains: If you sing a copyrighted song in public, you are legally required to pay the copyright holder.
Lessig explains that copyright is a kind of property, but that it is an odd kind of property for which the term can sometimes be misleading—the difference between taking a table and taking a good idea, for example, is hard to see under the term 'property'.
A copyright at that time was more limited than it is today, only prohibiting others from reprinting a book; it did not cover, as today, other rights over performance, derivative works, etc.
Modern technology allows people to copy or cut and paste video clips in creative new ways to produce art, entertainment, and new modes of expression and communication that didn't exist before.
The resulting potential for media literacy could help ordinary people not only communicate their concerns better but also make it easier for them to understand when they are being suckered into things not in their interests.
Drawing on an argument Lessig made in Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace he applies the model of four different modalities of regulation that support or weaken a given right or regulation.
These four modalities constrain the target group or individual in different ways, and law tends to function as an umbrella over the other methods.
However, government support of established companies with an older form of doing business would preclude innovation induced competition and overall progress.
Lessig says it best ‘ it is the special duty of policy makers to guarantee that that protection not become a deterrent to progress’ He specifies that his argument is not about justification of protection of copyrights but the effects of changing the law regarding copyright in the face of the Internet.
In this regard he brings the example of the unforeseen effects on the environment of using the chemical pesticide DDT despite its initial promise for commercial agriculture.
Copyright has changed from covering just books, maps and charts to any work today that has a tangible form including music to architecture and drama and software.
Today, it gives the copyright holder the exclusive right to publish the work and control over any copies of the work as well as any derivative work.
Additionally, there is no requirement to register a work to get a copyright; it is automatic, whether or not a copy is made available for others to copy.
The change in copyright scope today means law regulates publishers, users, and authors, simply because they are all capable of making copies.
Before the internet, copies of any work were the trigger for copyright law, but Lessig raises the point of whether copies should always be the trigger, especially when considering the way digital media sharing works.
In 1831, the term of copyright increased from a maximum of 28 years to a maximum of 42; in 1909 the renewal term was extended from 14 years to 28.
After 1976, any works created were subject to only one term of copyright, the maximum term, which was the life of the author plus fifty years, or seventy five years for corporations.
There are uses of copyrighted material that may involve copying that do not invoke copyright law, these are deemed fair uses.
However, the combined effects of the changes in these five dimensions has been to restrict rather than promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, in apparent violation of the constitutional justification for copyright law.
A stark example of its impact on political discourse is the refusal by the major TV networks to run ads critical of the Bush administration's claims of Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction during the period prior to the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, enforced by Supreme Court decisions that give stations the right to choose what they will and will not run.
Lessig insists that the future of our society is being threatened by recent changes in US law and administration, including decisions by the US Federal Communications Commission that allow increased Concentration of media ownership.
Lessig claims to defend a free culture that is balanced between control — a culture that has property, rules, and contracts pertaining to property that are enforced by the state — and anarchy — a culture that can grow and thrive when others are allowed to use and build upon the property of others.
However, this culture can become puzzling and perplexing when the extremism about property rights begins to mimic the feudal property of a free market.
Lessig provides two examples that portray the difference between a free culture and a permissions culture — two themes that will develop throughout the book.
The doujinshi artists almost never get the permission of those who own the works they modify, though their work is seen to contribute to the overall cultural production.
Fighting this burgeoning illegal market would spell trouble for the mainstream market as well; these two systems for creating have learned to live somewhat harmoniously with one another, to each other's benefit.
Lessig recounts George Eastman's invention of Kodak as a technology that advanced the invention of photography, and brought about significant social change by giving the average citizen access to what began as an elite form of expression.
In chapter 3, Lessing shares an account of Jesse Jordan, a 2002 freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) who made a significant contribution to the free culture debate through tinkering to develop a search engine which indexed pictures, research, notes, movie clips and a variety of other RPI network materials.
When the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) sued Jesse (and three other students) for piracy, forcing him into a settlement that cost him all of his $12,000 savings, Jesse became an activist for free culture.
Similarly, the record industry grew out of piracy due to a loophole in the law permitting composers exclusivity to copies of their music and its public performance, but not over reproduction via the new phonograph and player piano technologies.
Radio also grew out of piracy since the radio industry is not required to compensate recording artists for playing their works.
As in the case with recorded music, law ultimately settled this score by setting a price at which cable companies would pay copyright holders for their content.
Bringing the discussion to an up-to-date example, Lessig gives an overview of Napster peer-to-peer (p2p) sharing and outlines benefits and harms of this kind of piracy through sharing.
Lessig emphasizes the role of copyright law, pointing out that as it stands, copyright law impacts all kinds of piracy, and hence is a part of the piracy war that challenges free culture.
On the other hand, creators shun the notion of having their intellectual property at the disposal of pirates, and so agree to delimit commonality through strict copyright laws.
In the majority of European countries, copyright law began with the efforts of spiritual and temporal authorities to control the production of printers.
In England, the Crown's practice of handing out monopolies became quite unpopular and was one of the issues that motivated the English Civil War of 1642–1651.
In 1993, Starwave, Inc., produced a retrospective on compact disc (CD-ROM) of the career of Clint Eastwood, who had made over 50 films as an actor and director.
The standard rate at that time for that kind of use of less than a minute of film was about $600.
These two examples expose a major threat to the creativity of our society: Modern technology allows people to copy or cut and paste video clips in creative new ways to produce art, entertainment, and new modes of expression and communication that didn't exist before.
The resulting potential for media literacy could help ordinary people not only communicate their concerns better but also make it easier for them to understand when they are being suckered into things not in their interests (as indicated in chapter 2 of this book).
Lessig suggests that this is a violation of the spirit if the letter of the constitution: Early American copyright law required copyright owners to deposit copies of their work in libraries.
However, starting with film in 1915 the government has allowed copyright holders to avoid depositing a copy permanently with the Library of Congress.
Chapter 10 examines the relatively recent changes in technology and copyright law have dramatically expanded the impact of copyright in five different dimensions: Duration, Scope, Reach, Control, Concentration.
The section then goes on to describe how, according to the RIAA, downloading a CD could leave you liable for damages of one and a half million.
He goes on to describe how it is impossible to determine where the line between legal and illegal lies but that the consequences of crossing the line can be extreme, such in the case of four college students threatened with a $98 billion lawsuit by RIAA.
Constraining Innovators: In this section Lessig describes how innovators are being constrained and amongst the examples he uses he gives the company MP3.com.
Shortly after the service was launched several major record companies sued the company and judgement was later entered for Vivendi against MP3.com.
He also describes how innovators are hampered both the uncertainty in the law and the content industry's attempt to use to law to regulate the internet in an attempt to protect their interests.
Also in this section he describes how, when new technologies are invented, Congress has attempted to strike a balance so as to protect these new technologies from the older ones.
He suggests that this balance has now changed and uses as an example Internet radio which he suggests has been burdened by regulations and royalty payments that broadcasters have not been.
Corrupting Citizens: Here Lessig describes how, according to the New York Times 43 million Americans had downloaded music in 2002, thus making 20 percent of Americans criminals.
However, the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) meant that this work would not be in the public domain until 2019—and not even then if Congress extended the term again, as it had eleven times since 1962.
Further extension seems likely, because it makes good business sense for organizations owning old works that still generate revenue to spend a portion of that money on campaign contributions and lobbying to extend the terms even further.
Lessig believes that if he had instead argued that this extension caused net harm to the US economy and culture, as numerous people had advised, he could have won.
The structure of current law makes it exceedingly difficult for someone who might want to do something with an old work to find the copyright owner, because no central list exists.
AIDS is no longer a mortal illness for individuals who can afford between $10,000 and $15,000 per year, but few in poor countries can afford this.
In 1997 the US government threatened South Africa with possible trade sanctions if it attempted to obtain the drugs at the price at which they were available in these few other poor countries.
He supports the rights of companies to charge whatever they want for innovative products, but says we need patents to encourage others to invest in the research needed to develop such products.
He points out, however, that offering AIDS drugs at a much reduced price in Africa would not directly impact the profits of pharmaceutical companies.
In the afterword, Lessig proposes practical solutions to the dispute over intellectual property rights, in hope that common sense and a proclivity toward free culture be revived.
He also suggests a law should be developed that allows the sharing of music no longer available in other media but ensure artists still receive a small royalty.
A day after the book was released online, blogger AKMA (A. K. Adam) suggested that people pick a chapter and make a voice recording of it, partly because they were allowed to.
Besides audio production, this book was also translated into Chinese, a project proposed by Isaac Mao and completed as a collaboration involving many bloggers from mainland China and Taiwan.
Percy Shaw was born in Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the fourth child and second son of James Shaw, a dyehouse labourer who worked at a local mill, and his second wife Esther Hannah Morrell.
In 1892, his parents moved their large family to Boothtown in Halifax, where Shaw lived for the rest of his life.
Shaw was educated at Boothtown Board School, and started work as a labourer in a cloth mill at the age of 13.
He became apprenticed to a wire drawer, but the low wages on offer were not attractive and he soon took a series of unskilled jobs in local engineering works.
He was thus well placed to join his father in a new business repairing small machine tools used in munitions production during the First World War.
After his father's death in 1929, he started his own small business as a road contractor, repairing roads until his death in the 1970s.
Shaw was inventive, even at an early age, but his most famous invention was the cat's eye for lighting the way along roads in the dark.
In an interview with Alan Whicker, however, he told a different story of being inspired on a foggy night to think of a way of moving the reflective studs on a road sign to the road surface.
Further, local school children who were taken on visits to the factory in the late 1970s were told that the idea came from Shaw seeing light reflected from his car headlamps by tram tracks in the road on a foggy night.
The tram tracks were polished by the passing of trams and by following the advancing reflection, it was possible to maintain the correct position in the road.
Sales were initially slow, but approval from the Ministry of Transport and the blackout in the Second World War gave a huge boost to production and the firm, located near Shaw's home in Boothtown, grew in size making more than a million roadstuds a year, which were exported all over the world.
He became eccentric in later life, removing the carpets, curtains and much of the furniture from his isolated home, and keeping four televisions running constantly (respectively tuned to BBC1, BBC2 and ITV, all with the sound turned down) with a fourth showing BBC2 in colour.
On each Friday a few friends would come to the house and Percy would supply crates of bottled ale and boxes of potato crisps.
He told Alan Whicker that the reason for keeping the TVs on simultaneously was so that his friends could watch whichever of the then existing channels they chose to, and there would be no arguments.
He never married and he died from cancer and heart disease at Boothtown Mansion, Halifax, where he had lived for all but two of his 86 years.
Despite rumours of a personal fortune, his personal estate was admitted to probate in December 1976 at a value of £193,500.
The impure metal, usually in the form of molten blister copper, is placed in an anode furnace for two stages of refining.
In the first stage, sulphur and iron are removed by gently blowing air through the molten metal to form iron oxides and sulfur dioxide.
The iron oxides are skimmed or poured off the top of the copper and the gaseous sulfur dioxide exits the furnace via the off-gas system.
This involves using a reducing agent, normally natural gas or diesel (but ammonia, liquid petroleum gas, and naphtha can also be used), to react with the oxygen in the copper oxide to form copper .
Care must be taken to avoid removing too much of the oxygen from the anode copper, as this will cause other impurities to change from their oxide to metallic states and they will remain in solid solution in the copper, reduce its conductivity and change its physical properties.
In the 1940s, the provincial government instituted an amalgamation process resulting in larger school units, which greatly reduced the number of school divisions.
Seventy-one school divisions were amalgamated into twelve new school divisions and two re-structured school divisions, while thirteen other school divisions were not affected.
Abdiel denounces Satan after hearing him incite revolt among the angels, and abandons Lucifer to bring the news of his defection to God.
A drug holiday (sometimes also called a drug vacation, medication vacation, structured treatment interruption, tolerance break, treatment break or strategic treatment interruption) is when a patient stops taking a medication(s) for a period of time; anywhere from a few days to many months or even years if they feel it is in their best interests.
They are perhaps best known in HIV therapy, after a study showed that stopping medication may stimulate the immune system to attack the virus.
Thus, over time, HIV will tend to selectively destroy those helper T-cells most capable of fighting the HIV infection off, effectively desensitizing the immune system to the infection.
The purpose of a structured treatment interruption is to create a short interval in which the virus becomes common enough to stimulate reproduction of T-cells capable of fighting the virus.
Another reason for drug holidays is to permit a drug to regain effectiveness after a period of continuous use, and to reduce the tolerance effect that may require increased dosages.
In addition to drug holidays that are intended for therapeutic effect, they are sometimes used to reduce drug side effects so that patients may enjoy a more normal life for a period of time such as a weekend or holiday, or engage in a particular activity.
For example, it is common for patients using SSRI anti-depressant therapies to take a drug holiday to reduce or avoid side effects associated with sexual dysfunction.
The holiday is also a tool to assess a drug's benefits against unwanted side effects, assuming that both will dissipate after an extended vacation.
She is known for humor in her writing which focuses on difficult cleaning problems and cleaning solutions which use everyday or inexpensive items like tea bags and Tang.
When she was young, she wanted to be a chemical engineer, but didn't feel there were many opportunities for women in that occupation.
They later moved to Marysville and in 1981, her husband was diagnosed with leukemia and shortly after, Cobb gave birth to their stillborn baby.
At the suggestion of a friend, she began a newsletter focusing on cleaning tips which led to her appearances on Arizona television and radio.
He was a key person in the formation of the American League, and was also founding owner of the Chicago White Sox.
Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.
He attended public and parochial schools in Chicago, including St. Ignatius Preparatory School, and, later, St. Mary's College (in St. Mary's, Kansas).
He played baseball at St. Mary's, and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885.
He is credited with being the first to play hitters off of first base, allowing him to cover balls hit to more of the infield.
He managed the team during parts of its first seasons and took over full-time in 1885, leading the Browns to four consecutive American Association championships and a close second in 1889.
He also played and managed for the Chicago Pirates in the Players' League (1890), the Browns again (1891), and the Cincinnati Reds in the National League (1892–1894).
Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League club in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota.
After five seasons of sharing the Twin Cities with another Western League club in Minneapolis, Comiskey and his colleagues arranged to share Chicago with the National League, whose club (the Chicago Cubs today) played on the West Side.
The St. Paul Saints moved to the South Side as the White Stockings of the renamed American League for the 1900 season (which was also the original name of the Cubs; it was eventually shortened to White Sox).
As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917).
Traci Peterson notes that, in an era when professional athletes lacked free agency, the White Sox's formidable players had little choice but to accept Comiskey's substandard wages.
Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29-7 record for the 1919 season).
When the scandal broke late in the 1920 season, Comiskey suspended the suspected players, while admitting in the telegram he sent to them that he knew this action cost the White Sox a second straight pennant.
He ultimately supported baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis' decision to ban the implicated White Sox players from further participation in professional baseball, knowing full well that Landis' action would permanently sideline the core of his team.
Indeed, the White Sox promptly tumbled into seventh place and would not be a factor in a pennant race again until , five years after Comiskey's death, and did not win another pennant until .
Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common.
Later he had played a large role in the dissolution of the National Commission, baseball's former body of authority, following a quarrel with Ban Johnson.
The trustees of his estate were going to sell the team, but J. Louis' widow Grace was able to gain control of the team and avoid a sale.
Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s.
When the White Sox moved to a new ballpark in 1991, the Comiskey Park name was carried over from their previous home (since 1910); it is now known as Guaranteed Rate Field.
The St. Louis Brown Stockings were a professional baseball club based in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1875 to 1877, which competed on the cusps of the existences of two all-professional leagues –– the National Association (NA) and the National League (NL).
After the conclusion of the 1877 season, a game-fixing scandal involving two players the Brown Stockings had acquired led the team to resign its membership in the NL.
Organized by outfielder Ned Cuthbert, a few members of the former club continued to play the following year, though not now bound to any league.
They played whomever they could, wherever they could, and still managed to draw crowds and make a profit, leading to play again the following two years.
The Brown Stockings regained some of their former success – enough of it that, despite the recent scandal, fans of the team seemed to exhibit a short memory and began to show interest in recreating another professional St. Louis baseball team.
In 1881, when German immigrant Chris von der Ahe — owner of a grocery store and saloon who was initially ignorant about baseball — saw the popularity of the club, he bought them out and soon became interested in having the team compete in a professional league.
Together with beer magnates in five other cities, the American Association was formed in late 1881, and professional baseball flourished in St. Louis — this time, with the resurrected Brown Stockings the next year.
Joining the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPBBP), or National Association (NA), in that league's final season, the Brown Stockings were the first of two teams to represent St. Louis in a professional baseball association in 1875 (Spink 1911).
Outfielder Lip Pike, the previous three-time home run champion in the NA (1871, 1872, 1873), was again a top hitter, leading the league with a league-adjusted OPS of 203.
Eighteen-year-old Pud Galvin is credited with leading the league in ERA (1.16) despite pitching just 62 innings, a very small total compared to the league leader in innings pitched (Al Spalding with 570.2).
Like the White Stockings in Chicago (established 1871), the Brown Stockings adopted uniforms and acquired a nickname by descent with variation from the famous Red Stockings of Cincinnati (est.
The St. Louis Brown Stockings entered the National League (NL) as a founding team the following season along with five other former NA teams and two new professional league entrants.
George Bradley pitched the first no-hitter in Major League history on July 15, 1876, when the Brown Stockings defeated the Hartford Dark Blues 2-0.
With Bradley losing his effectiveness due to an arm injury in 1877 (his ERA increased to 3.31), the Brown Stockings slipped to 28-32 in 1877.
The team signed stars Jim Devlin and George Hall from the Louisville Grays, only to become embroiled in a game-fixing scandal that resulted in the permanent expulsion of Devlin and Hall (and two other Grays players) from the league.
Despite the team disbanding after the 1877 season, five members of that team – second baseman/manager Mike McGeary, outfielder Ned Cuthbert, shortstop Dickey Pearce, third baseman Joe Battin and pitcher Joe Blong all comprised a team, also called the Brown Stockings, to informally play in 1878.
The Brown Stockings could not match their 1875 attendance average of around 2,300 per game due to their complete domination of the local amateur clubs; they averaged well under one thousand in that year after attendance fall offs between those two years.
In spite of narrowing the competitive gap, St. Louis kept winning, and, as a result, more and more fans started showing up later in the year.
August Solari, who leased Grand Avenue Park, was on the last year of the lease and the gate receipts did little to dissuade him from forgoing resigning the lease.
For months, it was Cuthbert talking about baseball with Von der Ahe, who understood very little about the actual game, that he began to realize its significance because of its profitability.
Von der Ahe purchased the remainder of the lease on Grand Avenue Park, sold minority stock and raised enough money to renovate the dilapidated park.
Spink, who himself had not stopped lobbying for more interest in baseball during the sport's relative dormancy in St. Louis, became the secretary and business manager.
An evolving baseball renaissance that flourished in St. Louis coincided (and possibly spilled over into) the rising enthusiasm of beer magnates over baseball in five other major cities––Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Pittsburgh.
Proprietors who saw the Brown Stockings' unprecedented success and profitability after disenfranchisement began spirited dialogue with Von der Ahe about constructing a new league that could rival, and compete, with the National League.
NL-imposed restrictions upon Sunday play and alcohol consumption at their parks was prohibitive to the very means these owners made their fortune.
Ultimately, owners of the expansion teams announced the establishment of a new all-professional league called the American Association from the Hotel Gibson in Cincinnati on November 2, 1881.
A straw hat is a brimmed hat that is woven out of straw or straw-like materials from different plants or synthetics.
The hat is designed to protect the head from the sun and against heatstroke, but straw hats are also used in fashion as a decorative element or a uniform.
Many of these hats are formed in a similar way to felt hats; they are softened by steam or by submersion in hot water, and then formed by hand or over a hat block.
Straw hats have been worn in Europe and Asia since after the Middle Ages during the summer months, and have changed little between the medieval times and today.
Many are to be seen in the famous calendar miniatures of the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, worn by all classes, but mostly by men.
Roosevelt used his natural ability to drum up publicity by posing for a series of photos at the Panama Canal construction site in 1906.
Artwork produced during the Middle Ages shows, among the more fashionably dressed, possibly the most spectacular straw hats ever seen on men in the West, notably those worn in the Arnolfini Portrait of 1434 by Jan van Eyck (tall, stained black) and by Saint George in a painting by Pisanello of around the same date (left).
In the middle of the 18th century, it was fashionable for rich ladies to dress as country girls with a low crowned and wide brimmed straw hat to complete the look.
On 5 March 2014, he was arrested in Niger and extradited to Libya, where he faced murder charges, of which he was cleared in 2018.
In 2003 he signed for Italian Serie A team Perugia, employing Diego Maradona as his technical consultant and Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson as his personal trainer.
He was also captain of the Libya national football team, captain of his home club in Tripoli, and president of the Libyan Football Federation.
Gaddafi joined UEFA Champions League qualifiers Udinese Calcio in 2005–06, playing only 10 minutes in an end-of-season league match against Cagliari Calcio.
In 2006, Al-Saadi Gaddafi and the Jamahiriya government launched a project to create a semi-autonomous city similar to Hong Kong in Libya, stretching 40 km between Tripoli and the Tunisian border.
Gaddafi used to take great interest in the affairs of many of Libya's other business interests like Tamoil, the oil refining and marketing company owned by the Libyan government, before the overthrow of the regime.
In July 2010, Gaddafi was ordered by an Italian court to pay €392,000 to a luxurious Ligurian hotel for an unpaid bill dating back to a month-long stay in the summer of 2007.
On 15 March 2011, there were unconfirmed reports that a pilot by the name of Muhammad Mokhtar Osman had flown his jet into the Gaddafi stronghold of Bab al-Azizia in Tripoli damaging it and injuring him and his brother Khamis.
Speaking to BBC Panorama, a former Jamahiriya soldier claimed that Gaddafi had personally ordered to shoot unarmed protesters in Benghazi when visiting the city's army barracks at the beginning of the uprising.
Instead of using heavy infantry, tanks and armored cars – which could easily be distinguished from the Free Libyan Army and then destroyed by allied fighter jets – the fight against the rebels was pursued with small, fast and versatile units.
The rebels claimed that they captured him during the Battle of Tripoli, on 21 August, but later the claim turned out to be false.
On 24 August, Gaddafi contacted CNN, stating that he had the authority to negotiate on behalf of loyalist forces, and wished to discuss a ceasefire with U.S. and NATO authorities.
A week later he contacted Al Arabiya, stating his father was ready to step down, and called for dialogue with the National Transitional Council.
On 7 December, the Mexican interior secretary said that Mexican intelligence agents broke up a smuggling ring attempting to bring Gaddafi into Mexico under a false name.
In May 2015, Gaddafi appeared in a Tripoli court and was formally charged with unlawful imprisonment and murder for the 2005 killing of football player Bashir al-Riani.
In early August 2015, video surfaced that appeared to show a blindfolded Gaddafi being forced to listen to other men allegedly being tortured in the next room.
Then the guards beat the man appearing to be Gaddafi on the feet as he screams, after asking him if preferred to be beaten on the feet or on his buttocks.
International human rights groups and activists condemned the video, which appeared to take place at al-Hadba prison in Tripoli, and was first released by Arabic network Clear News.
In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions.
Although some housekeeping genes are expressed at relatively constant rates in most non-pathological situations, the expression of other housekeeping genes may vary depending on experimental conditions.
For experimental purposes, the expression of one or multiple housekeeping genes is used as a reference point for the analysis of expression levels of other genes.
The key criterion for the use of a housekeeping gene in this manner is that the chosen housekeeping gene is uniformly expressed with low variance under both control and experimental conditions.
Biochemical studies on transcription initiation of the housekeeping gene promoters have been difficult, partly due to the less-characterized promoter motifs and transcription initiation process.
In Drosophila, where promoter specific CpG Islands are absent, housekeeping gene promoters contain DNA elements like DRE, E-box or DPE .
Transcription start sites of housekeeping genes can span over a region of around 100 bp whereas transcription start sites of developmentally regulated genes are usually focused in a narrow region .
Painkalac Creek, which separates Aireys Inlet from Fairhaven, forms a salt lake or inlet behind the sand dunes before it cuts through to the ocean.
In the early 19th century, before European settlement, the escaped convict William Buckley lived here in a primitive hut eating fish, shellfish, wild raspberries and sugar ants.
In 2005 the Bollywood movie Salaam Namaste was produced in Melbourne with many scenes being shot around Aireys Inlet, Fairhaven and Anglesea.
While the coastline at adjacent Fairhaven is a long uninterrupted sand beach, the coast at Aireys Inlet is a series of rock shelves, interrupted by sandy swimming beaches, most of which are relatively secluded.
At low tide it is possible to walk (or scramble) around all these rocks and beaches, making it possible to walk along the beach, all the way from Eastern View - the historical start of the Great Ocean Road, all the way to Anglesea.
Aireys Inlet was devastated by the infamous 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires in which a large number of houses were burnt down.
The double dactyl's prosodic requirements are more strenuous due to its increased length, and its specific requirements as to subject matter and word choice much more rigid, making it significantly more difficult to write.
There must be two stanzas, each comprising three lines of dactylic dimeter ( ¯ ˘ ˘ ¯ ˘ ˘ ) followed by a line consisting of just a choriamb ( ¯ ˘ ˘ ¯ ).
Further, the first line of the first stanza is repetitive nonsense, and the second line of the first stanza is the subject of the poem, which in the purest instances of the form is a double-dactylic proper noun.
There is also a requirement for at least one line, preferably the second line of the second stanza, to be entirely one double dactyl word.
Some purists still follow Hecht and Pascal's original rule that no single six-syllable word, once used in a double dactyl, should ever be knowingly used again.
Another related form is the double amphibrach, similar to the McWhirtle but with stricter rules more closely resembling the double dactyl.
On March 18, 2007, the Gosho Aoyama Manga Factory, a museum that celebrates Aoyama's career as a manga artist, was opened in the same town.
Thieves are usually stealthy and dexterous or speedy characters able to disarm traps, pick locks, spy on foes, avoid enemy detection and perform backstabs from hiding.
They often attack by dual-wielding daggers or with other small one-handed and/or concealable weapons, relying on speed and rapid strikes rather than sheer damage output.
Thieves usually have a stealth ability, allowing them to disappear from sight, often this is combined with attacking an unaware or flanked opponent to inflict high damage.
While thieves typically cannot practice magic, they might use scrolls or magic items in some games; if neither options are available, then technical gadgets are used.
In most fantasy settings, smaller and more agile fantasy races (like elves, gnomes and hobbits) are particularly suited for the thief class.
In addition to opening doors and chests, they may also steal items from enemy units or lower drawbridges, depending on the game.
They are generally offensively weaker than most other classes, but their high speed and skill helps them evade attacks with ease.
In combat, Thieves rely primarily on their agility - they have moderate hit points and their attacks don't deal a lot of damage; however, thanks to their speed & agility, they are able to dodge most enemy attacks and deliver a lot of blows at the same time.
While they are able to use some ranged weapons, this is rather rare; a typical Thief will be seen utilising some sort of dagger in combat, as one of the skills available only to this class greatly increases their efficiency with them.
Other abilities of the Thief include stealing items from non-player enemies, becoming invisible for a certain time (although they cannot move while in such a state), throwing rocks and/or sand at enemies, performing a basic poison attack and curing themselves (or other players) of poison.
Like bowmen, they have ranged weapons, a requirement of luck and dexterity, an accuracy increasing skill, and a good balance of HP and MP.
Like pirates, they have the option of a ranged weapon or melee weapon, as well as a moderate amount of HP and MP.
They can move through the shadows, vanish into thin air, or steal items from their opponents and use them as weapons.
ACMA is an independent agency composed of a Chair, Deputy Chair, five Full-time Members (which includes the Chair and Deputy Chair), and three Associate Members.
It is managed by an executive team comprising the Chair (who is also the Agency Head), Deputy Chair (who is also the Chief Executive Officer), four general managers and ten executive managers.
ACMA has responsibilities under four principal Acts – the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 and the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
There are another 22 Acts to which the agency responds in such areas as spam, the Do Not Call Register and interactive gambling.
The ACMA also creates and administers more than 523 legislative instruments including radiocommunications, spam and telecommunications regulations; and licence area plans for free-to-air broadcasters.
Communications convergence is the merging of the previously distinct services by which information is communicated – telephone, television (free-to-air and subscription) radio and newspapers – over digital platforms.
ACMA also works with industry and citizens to solve new concerns and mitigate risks arising in the evolving networked society and information economy, recognising that Australians are interacting with digital communications and content in changing ways.
Not only does ACMA address a wide and disparate range of responsibilities, it does so against a backdrop of rapid and disruptive change.
Many of the controls on the production and distribution of content and the provision of telecommunications services through licensing or other subsidiary arrangements, or by standards and codes (whether co-regulatory or self-regulatory) are subject to revision and adaptation to the networked society and information economy.
Moreover, there are new platforms, applications, business models, value chains and forms of social interaction available with more to come in what is a dynamic, innovative environment.
The ACMA's response to these pressures is to remain constantly relevant by delivering on its mandated outcomes and its statutory obligations, and by transforming itself into a resilient, e-facing, learning organisation, responsive to the numerous pressures for change that confront it.
ACMA has developed a 'converged communications regulator' framework which seeks to bring to the global discussion a 'common ground' which can capture the fundamental tasks any regulator in a convergent environment will engage with to deliver outcomes in the public interest.
The four cornerstone parts to the framework, each divided into two sub-streams, are outlined below along with the main functions of ACMA under each task.
The Convergence Review Committee set up by the Government in 2011 was independent of the ACMA and its final report in 2012 suggested the ACMA be replaced with a new regulator to implement a different approach to regulation.
These changes were not enacted by the Labour Government and the new Coalition Government has not made major decisions on the future of the ACMA.
The ACMA administers a complaints mechanism for Australian residents and law enforcement agencies to report prohibited online content, including child sexual abuse material.
Within the scheme, which operates under Schedules 5 and 7 of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, content is assessed with reference to the same criteria within the National Classification Scheme that applies to films and computer games in Australia.
The ACMA Hotline is one of a global network of international bodies within INHOPE – the International Association of Internet Hotlines that exchange information on child abuse images, pinpointing the hosting countries to help eradicate them from the web.
INHOPE consists of 44 members in 38 countries, with members including the Internet Watch Foundation (UK), the National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), Cybertip (Canada), Friendly Runet Foundation (Russian Federation) and the Internet Hotline Center Japan.
If prohibited online content is found in Australia, it is issued with a take-down notice after being formally classified; if it is hosted overseas it is notified to optional end-user Family Friendly Filters that are accredited by industry through the Internet Industry Association (these are available at cost from ISPs).
All potentially illegal content is reported by the ACMA to law enforcement in Australia, or, in the case of child sexual abuse material hosted overseas, through INHOPE for rapid police notification and take-down in the host country.
Popularly held misconceptions about the ACMA's regulatory role include that it investigates and takes action on whole websites (it investigates specific URLs, images or files) and that the ACMA causes blocking of content at an ISP level (it notifies overseas hosted content to optional end-user filters).
During National Child Protection Week 2013, the ACMA Hotline conducted 418 investigations involving over 4,700 images of abused children to Australian police agencies or through the INHOPE international network for action overseas During the week, the ACMA announced it is now working more closely with CrimeStoppers in Australia to make it easier to report illegal online content.
The ACMA's online role is not connected to ISP blocking 'worst of the worst' child abuse material, which was operated by ISPs and the Australian Federal Police.
ACMA operates Australia's Do Not Call Register, which is a scheme to reduce unsolicited telemarketing calls and marketing faxes to individuals who have indicated they do not want to receive such calls by registering their private and domestic telephone (including mobile) and fax numbers on the Register.
ACMA is responsible for enforcing the Spam Act 2003 which prohibits the sending of unsolicited commercial electronic messages with an Australian link.
A message has an Australian link if it originates, or was authorised, in Australia, or if the message was accessed in Australia.
Anyone who sends commercial email, SMS, or instant messages must ensure that the message is sent with consent, contains sender identification and contact information and includes a functional unsubscribe facility.
Members of the public are able to make complaints and reports about commercial electronic messages to ACMA which may conduct formal investigations and take enforcement actions.
The ACMA developed the Australian Internet Security Initiative (AISI) to help address the problem of computers being compromised by the surreptitious installation of malicious software.
Using this data, the ACMA provides daily reports to internet service providers (ISPs) identifying IP addresses on their networks that have generally been supplied to the ACMA in the previous 24-hour period.
ISPs can then inform the customer associated with that IP address that their computer appears to be compromised and provide advice on how they can fix it.
The ACMA does not know who the user of an IP address is, so the ISP is a critical link in the process of customer notification.
Established under Schedule 5 to the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, the online content scheme evolved from a tradition of Australian content regulation in broadcasting and other entertainment media.
This tradition embodies the principle that – while adults should be free to see, hear and read what they want – children should be protected from material that may be unsuitable for (or harmful to) them, and everyone should be protected from material that is highly offensive.
The online content scheme seeks to achieve these objectives by a number of means such as complaint investigation processes, government and industry collaboration, and community awareness and empowerment.
While administration of the scheme is the responsibility of the ACMA, the principle of 'co-regulation' underpinning the scheme reflects parliament's intention that government, industry and the community each plays a role in managing internet safety issues in Australia.
They say the Australian constitution does not clearly provide either the states or the Federal Government power to censor online content, so internet censorship in Australia is typically an amalgam of various plans, laws, acts and policies.
The regulator has been criticised for its role in examining internet censorship in Australia and how it is enabled and might further be enabled.
The web page, which is the 6th of a series of pages featuring images of aborted babies, had been submitted to the ACMA, who determined it was potential prohibited content, by the user whose post on Whirlpool containing the ACMA's reply was later subject to the link-deletion notice.
In order for other URLs contained on the same website to be 'prohibited', a separate complaint would need to be submitted and reviewed by the ACMA.
It is not known thoroughly for which purpose this information is required, protected and used (Citation needed) by other governmental departments and law enforcement agencies.
On 19 March 2009 it was reported that the ACMA's blacklist of banned sites had been leaked online, and had been published by WikiLeaks.
Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, obtained the blacklist after the ACMA blocked several WikiLeaks pages following their publication of the Danish blacklist.
Approximately half of the sites on the list were not related to child pornography, and included online gambling sites, YouTube pages, gay, straight, and fetish pornography sites, Wikipedia entries, euthanasia sites, websites of fringe religions, Christian sites, and even the websites of a tour operator and a Queensland dentist.
Colin Jacobs, spokesman for lobby group Electronic Frontiers Australia, said that there was no mechanism for a site operator to know they got onto the list or to request to be removed from it.
He stated that the leaked list was alleged to be current on 6 August 2008 and contained 2,400 URLs, where the ACMA blacklist for the same date contained 1,061 URLs.
He added that the ACMA advised that there were URLs on the leaked list that had never been the subject of a complaint or ACMA investigation, and had never been included on the ACMA blacklist.
In an estimates hearing of the Australian Federal Government on 25 May 2009 it was revealed that the leak was taken so seriously that it was referred to the Australian Federal Police for investigation.
It was further stated that distribution of further updates to the list have been withheld until recipients can improve their security.
Ms Nerida O'Laughlin of the ACMA confirmed that the list has been reviewed and as of 30 April consists of 997 URLs.
A pre-entry closed shop (or simply closed shop) is a form of union security agreement under which the employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at all times in order to remain employed.
This is different from a post-entry closed shop (US: union shop), which is an agreement requiring all employees to join the union if they are not already members.
International Labour Organization covenants do not address the legality of closed shop provisions, leaving the question up to each individual nation.
The legal status of closed shop agreements varies widely from country to country, ranging from bans on the agreement, to extensive regulation of the agreement to not mentioning it at all.
They were further curtailed under section 137(1)(a) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52) passed by the Conservative government at the time.
The Labour Party, then in opposition, had supported closed shops until December 1989, when it abandoned the policy in accordance with European legislation.
Equity was one of the last trade unions in the United Kingdom to offer a pre-entry closed shop until the 1990 act.
States with right-to-work laws go further by not allowing employers to require employees to pay a form of union dues, called an agency fee.
An employer may not lawfully agree with a union to hire only union members, but it may agree to require employees to join the union or pay the equivalent of union dues to it within a set period after starting employment.
Similarly, a union could require an employer that had agreed to a closed shop contract prior to 1947 to fire an employee who had been expelled from the union for any reason, but it cannot demand an employer to fire an employee under a union shop contract for any reason other than failure to pay dues that are required by all employees.
Construction unions and unions in other industries with similar employment patterns have coped with the prohibition of closed shops by using exclusive hiring halls as a means of controlling the supply of labor.
Such exclusive hiring halls do not, strictly and formally require union membership as a condition of employment, but they do so in practical terms since an employee seeking to be dispatched to work through the union's hiring hall must pay union dues or a roughly-equivalent hiring hall fee.
If the hiring hall is run on a non-discriminatory basis and adheres to clearly-stated eligibility and dispatch standards, it is lawful.
The Taft–Hartley Act also bars unions from requiring unreasonably-high initiation fees as a condition of membership to prevent unions from using initiation fees as a device to keep non-union employees out of a particular industry.
Also, the National Labor Relations Act permits construction employers to enter pre-hire agreements in which they agree to draw their workforces from a pool of employees dispatched by the union.
For the entertainment industry, unions representing performers have as their most important rule banning any represented performer from working on any non-union production.
Most major productions are union productions, and nonmembers join the Screen Actors Guild by performing as extras and earning three union vouchers or by being given a speaking line and entering that way.
The other performance unions do not have minimum membership standards, but those who join them are barred one from working on non-union productions.
All four major sports leagues are union shops even though a franchise may be located in a state that has a right-to-work law or constitutional provision.
The Supreme Court has ruled that Section Two of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guaranteed both the freedom to associate and the freedom not to associate, but employees in a work-environment largely dominated by a union were beneficiaries of union policies and so should pay union fees, regardless of membership status.
There was an attempt by the Howard Government to change the definition of what constituted a closed shop under the Workplace Relations Legislation Amendment (More Jobs, More Pay) Bill 1999.
Ballot Measure 47 was an initiative in the U.S. state of Oregon that passed in 1996, affecting the assessment of property taxes and instituting a double majority provision for tax legislation.
Measure 50 was a revised version of the law, which also passed, after being referred to the voters by the 1997 state legislature.
Measure 47 was placed on the ballot by initiative petition by anti-tax activist Bill Sizemore and approved by voters in the November 1996 general election, with 704,554 votes in favor and 642,613 votes against.
The law enacted by Measure 47 was amended in 1997, when the Oregon Legislative Assembly referred Measure 50 to voters to clarify that Measure 47 was intended to limit increases in real-estate assessments to 3 percent per year.
The measure was sponsored by Bill Sizemore and his Oregon Taxpayers United anti-tax group, as part of the Oregon tax revolt.
Under Oregon law, two regularly scheduled statewide elections, the primary election in May and the general election in November, are held in every even-numbered year.
Petitioners claimed that Measure 47 would cap the assessment of properties—the value of the property as determined by the county—to prevent taxes from being raised more than three percent annually.
Nonetheless, the legislature sent Measure 50 to voters the next year to clarify that the cap applied to the assessed value of the property as well.
In the U.S., general elections include presidential elections, held in even-numbered years once every four years on Election Day, the Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
General elections also include midterm elections in which members of Congress, state legislators, and some state governors are chosen on Election Day in the years midway between presidential elections.
According to the League of Oregon Cities, between 1997 and 2007 of the 1,358 total tax measures on ballots in the state, 616 passed and 742 failed, and 169 of those failures resulted from the double majority rule.
In 2007, activists representing schools, the public employee union, and business interests lobbied the Oregon Legislative Assembly to scale back the requirement, and by June 2007 both houses of the legislature had approved House Joint Resolution 15, putting a measure before the voters on the November 2008 ballot.
This measure appeared as Measure 56, and would exempt elections held in May and November of any year from the double majority requirement.
Proponents of the measure called the double majority rule undemocratic because, in their view, the rule gave non-voters unfair influence in the democratic process by allowing them to make measures fail that otherwise won support among the majority of those who actually voted.
They also argued that because of Oregon's exclusive vote-by-mail voting system, which makes it more convenient to vote, there is no reason for people not to vote.
They argued that the double majority rule was necessary to keep this from happening, and claimed that if it were repealed, taxes would rise too much.
The problems with Measure 47 that Measure 50 aimed to address included a lack of precision about the assessment of property taxes, unintended consequences, and vulnerability to legal challenges.
Measure 50 was approved by voters in the May 20, 1997 special election, with 429,943 votes in favor, and 341,781 votes against.
After the passage of Measure 47, as part of the ongoing anti-tax movement in Oregon, there was some confusion as to how the measure would be interpreted by the courts.
One interpretation had the ballot measure reducing property tax revenues by $458 million in the fiscal year 1997–1998, while another interpretation, provided by the Oregon Attorney General, had it providing a reduction of only $270 million.
Much of this disagreement had to do with what limitations Measure 47 would place on increases in the assessment of a property's value.
Proponents argued that Measure 50 was necessary to avoid a lengthy legal battle as well as budget uncertainty about the possible effects of Measure 47.
Opponents argued that Measure 50, rather than being a re-write of 47, was an attempt to water down the limitations imposed by Measure 47.
Indeed, the estimated financial impact of Measure 50 was a $361 million reduction, rather than Measure 47's intended $458 million reduction.
After graduating from DeWitt Clinton High School, Klein had planned to study medicine; however, he changed his mind during his studies at Alfred University, After graduating, he studied at the Yale Drama School when he learned about an opportunity to audition for The Second City.
In a piece he wrote for the improvisational troupe's book, Klein recalled sitting in a room full of other hopefuls, including Fred Willard.
Klein's audition consisted of an improvisation set with Willard about two guys in a nightclub, which was successful enough to get Klein and Willard hired by Second City.
His skits included Tough Director in 1975, Nick The Lounge Singer Sings Star Wars Theme in 1978 and The Olympia Restaurant: Cheeseburger, Chips and Pepsi in 1978.
He also goes into other things that he has observed in his life, such as substitute teaching, 1970s FM radio disc jockeys, late-night delis, and annoying commercials (e.g., Geritol).
Both of these key components interact with DNA in their own way through a series of weak interactions, including hydrogen bonds and salt bridges.
Histone post-translational modifications were first identified and listed as having a potential regulatory role on the synthesis of RNA in 1964.
Richmond and his research group has been able to elucidate the crystal structure of the histone octamer with DNA wrapped up around it at a resolution of 7 Å in 1984.
The structure of the octameric core complex was revisited seven years later and a resolution of 3.1 Å was elucidated for its crystal at a high salt concentration.
Though sequence similarity is low between the core histones, each of the four have a repeated element consisting of a helix-loop-helix called the histone fold motif.
Furthermore, the details of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions were fine-tuned by X-ray crystallography studies at 2.8 and 1.9 Å, respectively, in the 2000s.
Core histones are four proteins called H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and they are all found in equal parts in the cell.
All four of the core histone amino acid sequences contain between 20 and 24% of lysine and arginine and the size or the protein ranges between 11400 and 15400 Daltons, making them relatively small, yet highly positively charged proteins.
However, H3 and H4 histones first form a heterodimer and then in turn the heterodimer dimerizes to form a tetramer H3-H4.
As a result of the rotation, two ends of histones involved in DNA binding of the crescent shape H3-H4 are equivalent, yet they organize different stretches of DNA.
Treatment of nucleosomes with protease trypsin indicates that after histone tails are removed, DNA is able to stay tightly bound to the nucleosome.
Histone tails are subject to a wide array of modifications which includes phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation of serine, lysine and arginine residues.
In addition to compacting the DNA, the histone octamer plays a key role in the transcription of the DNA surrounding it.
Studies have found that the histones interact more favorably with A:T enriched regions than G:C enriched regions in the minor grooves.
The N-terminal tails do not interact with a specific region of DNA but rather stabilize and guide the DNA wrapped around the octamer.
As the DNA wraps around the histone octamer, it exposes its minor groove to the histone octamer at 14 distinct locations.
Additionially, 10 out of the 14 times that the minor groove faces the histone fold, an arginine side chain from the histone fold is inserted into the minor groove.
Reducing the positive charge of histone proteins reduces the strength of binding between the histone and DNA, making it more open to gene transcription (expression).
The parts of the tail closest to the DNA hydrogen bond and strengthen the DNA's association with the octamer; the parts of the tail furthest away from the DNA, however, work in a very different manner.
In all, these associations protect the nucleosomal DNA from the external environment but also lower their accessibility to cellular replication and transcriptional machinery.
Remodeling proteins work in three distinct ways: they can slide the DNA along the surface of the octamer, replace the one histone dimer with a variant, or remove the histone octamer entirely.
No matter the method, in order to modify the nucleosomes, the remodeling complexes require energy from ATP hydrolysis to drive their actions.
The basic premise of the technique is to free up a region of DNA that the histone octamer would normally tightly bind.
In this method, using ATP as an energy source, the translocase domain of the nucleosome-remodeling complex detaches a small region of DNA from the histone octamer.
Once the wave reaches the end of the histone octamer the excess that was once at the edge is extended into the region of linker DNA.
Numerous reports show a link between age-related diseases, birth defects, and several types of cancer with disruption of certain histone post translational modifications.
Richard Gurley Drew (June 22, 1899 – December 14, 1980) was an American inventor who worked for Johnson and Johnson, Permacel Co., and 3M in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he invented masking tape and cellophane tape.
While testing their new Wetordry sandpaper at auto shops, Drew was intrigued to learn that the two-tone auto paintjobs so popular in the Roaring Twenties were difficult to manage at the border between the two colors.
In response, after two years of work in 3M's labs, Drew invented the first masking tape (1925), a two-inch-wide tan paper strip backed with a light, pressure-sensitive adhesive.
This was the beginning of 3M’s diversification into all manner of marketplaces and helped them to flourish in spite of the Great Depression.
A histone fold is a structurally conserved motif found near the C-terminus in every core histone sequence in a histone octamer responsible for the binding of histones into heterodimers.
The histone fold’s evolution can be found by different combinations of ancestral sets of peptides that make up helix-strand-helix motif that come from the three folds from the ancestral fragments.
Which helps the diverse bacteria phylogeny coming from the ancestry of eukaryotes and archaea with lateral gene transfers to get to the bacteria.
This then leads into the end segments of the fold to make properties of dimer-dimer contacts that also cap the protein super helix at the octamer.
One species that looked at is Drosophila, and in the subunits of the Drosophila transcription initiation factor has specific amino acid sequences that have different characteristics of the histone folds that make up the two proteins make up the subunits.
When just looking at the histone fold motif in the Drosophila the protein-protein and the protein DNA interaction of the core histone proteins can be found by looking at the non-histone proteins.
The evolutionary structure and range of the histone protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions of the histone fold proteins has a very wide range of evolutionary traits that form the structures and other proteins.
Histone folds play a role in the necleosomal core particle by conserving histone interactions in the nucleosomal core particle when looking at interface surfaces.
The structure of the nucleosome core particle has two modes that have the largest interaction surfaces with are in groups H3-H4 and H2A-H2B heterotypic dimer interactions.
When looking at the H2A-H2A structure it has a modification of the loop at the interface that excludes it from clustering with the same interface of other structures.
These use the handshake interactions between the two histone folds, while they also use it to make themselves unique comparted to the rest of the modes.
Similarly modes 5 and 7 of the core nucleosome particle use two types of histone fold dimers which show that all histone domains share a similar structural motif to be able to be able to interact with one another and to interact in different ways.
H4 and H2A can form an internucleosomal contacts that can be acetylated to be able to perform ionic interactions between two peptides, which in turn could change the surrounding internucleosomal contacts that can make a way to opening the chromatin.
The R-Class was built in Vance, Alabama until 2013 when its production was moved to Mishawaka, Indiana for the continued production to this day.
The AMG version of the W251, R 63 AMG, was introduced at the 2006 North American International Auto Show as a 2007 model.
Unusually, the R 63 AMG wasn't equipped with seven-speed AMG Speedshift 7G-TRONIC automatic transmission as found in ML 63 AMG despite both sharing the same engine and 4MATIC all-wheel-drive system.
The driver can manually select the gears by pressing the upshift and downshift buttons placed behind the steering wheel spokes if desired.
Due to extremely low sales figures caused by lack of advertisment, R 63 AMG was withdrawn from the market in 2007, making it a single model year.
As of 2020, the long wheelbase R-Class is still produced and exported to China with two engine choices (R 300 4MATIC Long and R 400 4MATIC Long), both equipped with 7-speed 7G-TRONIC automatic gearboxes and 4MATIC drivetrain.
Due to the extremely low production number, R-Class is assembled by contract manufacturer AM General in Indiana from 2015 to present.
Sales had not met with manufacturer's expectations of selling planned 50,000 units a year with half destined for the North American market.
While the initial strong sales of first two model years, 2006 and 2007, the sales began to nosedive in 2008 following the Great Recession and was less than ten percent of ML-Class sales.
It never recovered and continued the downward slide, and R-Class was discontinued in 2012 for the North American market and in 2013 for Europe and the rest of the world with exception of China where R-Class enjoyed the rare popularity there.
In Germany, the limited engine choices and lack of available rear-wheel-drive option at the launch led to very slow sales with almost 4,500 units sold in 2006.
The 2011 mid-cycle refresh increased the sales slightly to almost 2,500 before nose-diving to less than 500 units for the final model year, 2013.
One is the confusing marketing of what R-Class is: Mercedes-Benz tried to persuade the customers that R-Class represented a new category of luxury passenger vehicle with the attribution of station wagon/estate, crossover, SUV, and van rolled into one.
Chrysler Division of parent company, DaimlerChrysler, had introduced Pacifica a few years prior to the R-Class introduction, and Pacifica was plagued with production and quality issues as well as poor marketing and severe lack of engine choices.
Secondly, the customer preference had shifted away from MPV minivans and vans to CUV and SUV during the late 2000s and most of 2010s.
Thirdly, the Great Recession of 2008-2009 greatly impacted the automotive sales and consumer's confidence along with strong increase in fuel price, making R-Class less desirable due to its higher fuel consumption.
The mid-cycle refresh didn't help with sales at all despite improved fascia appearance more in line with ML-Class and GL-Class and better interior.
Thatcham Research's New Vehicle Security Ratings (NVSR) awarded R-Class with five out of five stars for vehicular theft deterrent and four out of five stars for breaking-in deterrent.
Mercedes-Benz announced in May 2007 that the R-Class model range would be expanded with more engine options and availability of rear-wheel-drive system for selected models in addition to 4MATIC all-wheel-drive system.
The R-Class received a major facelift to the front and rear fascias, grille, side mirrors, and taillights for the model year 2011 to present.
At the same time, the new 5.5-litre V8 motor was introduced to R-Class for the first time since the last R-Class with 5-litre V8 motor, R 500, was withdrawn from the market in 2007.
The North American market retained R 350 4MATIC and R 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC, both in long wheelbase form, for 2011 and 2012.
His appointment as chaplain of Baldwin of Boulogne in 1097 suggests that he had been trained as a priest, most likely at the school of Chartres.
The details of the Council of Clermont in his history suggest he attended the council personally, or knew someone who did, perhaps bishop Ivo of Chartres, who also influenced Fulcher's opinions on Roman Catholic Church reform and the investiture controversy with the Holy Roman Empire.
Fulcher was part of the entourage of Count Stephen of Blois and Robert of Normandy which made its way through southern France and Italy in 1096, crossing into the Eastern Roman Empire from Bari and arriving in Constantinople in 1097, where they joined with the other armies of the First Crusade.
He travelled through Asia Minor to Marash, shortly before the army's arrival at Antioch in 1097, where he was appointed chaplain to Baldwin of Boulogne.
He followed his new lord after Baldwin split off from the main army, to Edessa, where Baldwin founded the county of Edessa.
When Baldwin became king of Jerusalem in 1100, Fulcher came with him to Jerusalem and continued to act as his chaplain until Baldwin died in 1118.
After 1115 he was the canon of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, possibly attached to the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre, and was probably responsible for the relics and treasures in the church.
[Your] brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them.
For, as the most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania [the Greek empire] as far west as the shore of the Mediterranean and the Hellespont, which is called the Arm of St. George.
If you permit them to continue thus for awhile with impurity, the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked by them.
At the earliest, Fulcher began his chronicle in the late autumn of 1100, or at the latest in the spring of 1101, in a version that has not survived but which was transmitted to Europe during his lifetime.
This version was completed around 1106 and was used as a source by Guibert of Nogent, a contemporary of Fulcher in Europe.
He had at least one library in Jerusalem at his disposal, from which he had access to letters and other documents of the crusade.
Book I described the preparations for the First Crusade in Clermont in 1095 up to the conquest of Jerusalem and the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem by Godfrey of Bouillon.
The second book described the deeds of Baldwin I, who succeeded Godfrey and was king of Jerusalem from 1100 to 1118.
The third and final book reported on the life of king Baldwin II, until 1127 when there was a plague in Jerusalem, during which Fulcher apparently died.
The second and third books were written from around 1109 to 1115, and from 1118 to 1127, compiled into a second edition by Fulcher himself.
Upon his departure from G4 in April 2012, Sessler was its longest tenured television personality, having originally been hired by its predecessor ZDTV in 1998.
He graduated from El Cerrito High School in 1991 and is a graduate of UCLA with a bachelor's degree in English literature.
Sessler was the last remaining personality from the ZDTV network, surviving the network's progression from ZDTV (1998–2000) to TechTV (2000–2004), and subsequent transition to G4.
Sessler was one of seven TechTV personalities, with Morgan Webb, Sarah Lane, Kevin Rose, Chi-Lan Lieu, Blair Butler and Brendan Moran, to survive the massive layoffs resulting from the May 2004 merger of G4 and TechTV.
On June 19, 2015, he was featured as pre-show and post-show host of the Bethesda Game Studios E3 event alongside his past co-worker Morgan Webb.
Pires played for French clubs Metz and Marseille prior to his time with Arsenal, where he won two FA Cups and two Premier League titles including the club's unbeaten season of 2003–04.
A former France international, Pires earned 79 caps between 1996 and 2004 for his country, including winning both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000.
He has been included in the PFA Team of the Year for the 2001–02, 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons, was the Player of the Tournament for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup, FWA Player of the Year for the 2001–02 season, Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year for the 1995–96 season, and was included in the FIFA 100 by Pelé.
Pires played the majority of his career as a left winger, but could also play all across the midfield or in a position to support the forward line.
Pires, the elder of two boys, spent most of his childhood dressed in two football shirts that reflected his divided loyalty.
Pires confessed he had difficulty in school because he did not speak French well at the time, due to the fact his parents only spoke Spanish and Portuguese.
At the age of 15, Pires left school and began his dream of a career in football with a two-year sports degree course in Reims.
During his six seasons there, he scored 43 goals in 162 matches, and won the Coupe de la Ligue, prompting a £5 million move to Olympique de Marseille in 1998.
His first season saw Marseille miss the French league title by a point and they also lost the 1999 UEFA Cup Final to Parma.
His second season saw him suffer a spate of on- and off-field problems, which led him to boycott the club at the season's end.
Pires was signed by Arsenal for £6 million in 2000, after stiff competition from Real Madrid and Juventus, replacing Marc Overmars, who had left for Barcelona for a record £25 million.
However, he slowly began to regain the form he had shown at Metz, scoring a superb solo goal against Lazio in the 2000–01 Champions League, and the winner against Tottenham Hotspur in the FA Cup semi-finals.
Against Aston Villa, Pires chased after a long ball by Freddie Ljungberg, and lobbed the ball over the pursuing George Boateng, and finished off the move with a delightful lob over Peter Schmeichel.
He led the Premier League assist charts and was voted both FWA Footballer of the Year and Arsenal's player of the season, as Arsenal won the league title.
This was despite not playing the last two months of the season after suffering a cruciate ligament injury in a FA Cup match against Newcastle United.
After a lengthy layoff, Pires made his comeback in November 2002 as a substitute against AJ Auxerre in the UEFA Champions League.
Although Pires initially found it tough, he eventually returned to form, scoring 14 Premiership goals in 20 starts that season, including a hat-trick against Southampton on the penultimate day of the season.
He went on to be a crucial part of Arsenal's quest for the Premier League title in the 2003–04 season, which they achieved, remaining unbeaten and becoming the first English top flight club to do so in 115 years.
Pires showed football fans his sublime technique, skills and finishing, most notably with his goals against Liverpool, Bolton Wanderers, and Leeds United.
He surprised a lot of people with a world class tackle on Claude Makélélé and, following that, a run into the penalty box which dragged William Gallas and John Terry away, thus making space for Patrick Vieira to have a one-on-one with the Chelsea goalkeeper and subsequently scoring.
That day of Premier League action proved decisive, as Manchester United's failure to beat Leeds United during the same day resulted in Arsenal getting a huge lead in the title race.
In the UEFA Champions League quarter-final's 1st leg match against Chelsea, Pires managed to beat John Terry to a header, which resulted in the equaliser for Arsenal, after Eiður Guðjohnsen had given Chelsea the lead.
Pires also showed his playmaking skills in a goal against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane, in which Pires was the architect in building up the goal, and capped off the move with a goal to score Arsenal's 2nd goal of the game.
He was Arsenal's second top scorer (behind Thierry Henry) and had the joint amount of assists (along with Dennis Bergkamp) that season.
In the 2004–05 season, Pires finished third in the Premiership goalscorers table with 14 goals, behind teammate Thierry Henry and Crystal Palace's Andrew Johnson.
During the 2005–06 season, Pires started the season poorly, and players such as Freddie Ljungberg, José Antonio Reyes and Alexander Hleb were preferred to him on both wings.
As the season progressed, though, Pires' form improved, outscoring his selection rivals overall mainly because of a bizarre penalty incident with Thierry Henry against Man City when Pires having scored from the spot earlier in the game tried passing it to Arsenal's star striker but Henry missed the ball and it went down as a penalty miss.
Pires successfully tackled Patrick Vieira and fed the ball to Thierry Henry who passed to Fàbregas to score Arsenal's first goal, the first time that Pires had gotten the better of Vieira.
Pires played his last game for Arsenal in the UEFA Champions league final against Barcelona, in which he was substituted for replacement goalkeeper Manuel Almunia after starter Jens Lehmann was sent off.
In keeping with the club's policy regarding players over 30, Pires was only offered a 12-month extension to his contract, which expired in June 2006.
In May 2006, Pires agreed to an offer from Villarreal CF after a month of speculation, during which time he and Arsenal defeated Villarreal in the Champions League semi-final.
One of the main reasons Pires gave for leaving Arsenal was that he felt he was no longer a first choice under manager Arsène Wenger.
Pires additionally suggested that Wenger's decision to withdraw him in the UEFA Champions League Final showed he had slipped in the eyes of his French boss.
Pires said that he felt hurt by how Wenger did not trust him anymore, which was a major factor that convinced him that it was time to move on from Arsenal.
On the official Arsenal matchday program for the game against Wigan Athletic on 11 February 2007, Pires revealed his heartbreak of being substituted so early on during the Champions League final.
It was my last game after six years at the club, a Champions League Final in front of all my family in Paris where I became World Cup champion and it lasted just 12 minutes.
He joined on a free transfer, subject to passing a medical, bringing to an end his six-year career as an Arsenal player.
After Villarreal were eliminated in the semi-finals of the 2006 Champions League by Arsenal, Villarrael coach Manuel Pellegrini had wanted to sign Arsenal's Pires or Thierry Henry.
However, on 18 August 2006, Pires damaged the cruciate ligament in his left knee in a friendly match against Cádiz and required corrective surgery to alleviate the problem, which kept him out of action for seven months in his new club in Spanish top flight.
Pires finally recovered from knee injury and made his first league appearance for Villarreal as a second-half substitute when he was named in Villarreal's squad to face Real Sociedad on 17 March 2007.
Pires scored his first league goal on his return from injury in a 3–3 draw away to Real Betis on 31 March 2007.
He opened the scoring for his team to defeat league leaders Barcelona 2–0, avenging his premature departure against Barcelona in the Champions League Final the previous May.
On 13 May 2007, in a 4–1 win at Osasuna, Pires scored a seventh-minute opener as Villarreal continued their late-season push for a European spot.
The run took Villarreal, at 11th spot without him in the side, to the brink of a UEFA Cup place in barely six weeks.
Villarreal ended the season in 5th spot wherein Pires played crucial roles in helping Villarreal with the late charge up winning each of their final eight games and an entry into the UEFA Cup.
Against Barcelona at El Madrigal, Pires' technique earned the Yellow Submarine two penalties which were duly converted by captain Marcos Senna.
Villarreal ended up finishing second in La Liga behind Real Madrid, which was their best league finish in history, beating Barcelona into third place.
In 2009, Pires faced former club Arsenal in the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute in the first leg and playing the full 90 minutes at the Emirates Stadium.
Villarreal were defeated 4–1 on aggregate, but Pires received a warm return from the Arsenal supporters, who sang his name throughout both legs.
Pires returned to England and trained at London Colney – Arsenal's training ground, in order to keep his fitness levels up.
He made his Villa début in the Premier League on 21 November as a second-half substitute, although his new club were beaten 2–0 by Blackburn Rovers.
Pires' arrival at the club was praised by many of Villa's senior players, including Gabriel Agbonlahor, Stewart Downing and Shane Lowry.
Pires scored his first goal for Aston Villa in the 3–1 FA Cup win against Blackburn Rovers on 29 January 2011.
Villa boss Gérard Houllier responded positively to this claim, but admitted that no decision would be made until the Summer of 2011.
In September 2011, Pires made a guest appearance for Scottish Premier League side Hibernian in Ian Murray's Testimonial match at Easter Road.
In September 2013, Pires made a guest appearance for Premier League Aston Villa in Stiliyan Petrov's Testimonial match at Celtic Park.
I had offers from the USA and Qatar but I wanted to be part of a new beginning for the sport in India.
Pires was part of France's 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 winning squads, but had to miss the 2002 World Cup due to an injury he sustained playing for Arsenal.
He won the Golden Ball (for most outstanding football) and Golden Shoe (for most goals scored) awards at the 2001 Confederations Cup in South Korea/Japan.
Pires provided two golden goal assists during his international career, first setting up Laurent Blanc against Paraguay in the 1998 World Cup round of 16 and providing David Trézéguet with the match-winning ball in the Euro 2000 final.
On 17 January 2012, Pires became an ambassador for Grassroot Soccer, an international non-profit that uses the power of football to educate, inspire, and mobilize communities to stop the spread of HIV.
Clouseau was set up by Bob Savenberg, who named the band after Inspector Clouseau, a character he enjoyed imitating and after whom he had named his radio station.
Singer Koen Wauters soon left the group to sing for another local band, but in 1987 he was persuaded to return.
Afterwards it was announced that Koen Wauters was called up for the army; because of his Clouseau-commitments he only had to serve four weeks and didn't need to shave his head.
The Dutch fans were less keen on the idea of Koen Wauters singing in another language and rather bought the live-album that was released during this period.
On December 22, 1998 singer Koen Wauters married the Dutch television journalist and one-time MTV-presenter Carolyn Lilipaly (they divorced in 2002).
In 2009 they expressed their tiredness of Belgian communal tensions in a pro-Belgium song, a novelty in Flemish commercial popular culture.
Volvo Cars introduced the Volvo V50 at the 2003 Bologna Motor Show as the station wagon version of the Volvo S40 small family car — manufacturing both models at their facility in Ghent, Belgium.
The V50 T5 AWD featured all-wheel drive and a straight-5 2.5 litre petrol engine, with a light pressure turbocharger, four valves per cylinder and a DOHC design with variable camshaft timing — providing and of torque.
Within the United States, Volvo limited sales of the V50 PZEV cars to states where it was required, including California, Florida, Vermont, Connecticut, Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, Oregon, Maine, New Jersey, Rhode Island, New Mexico and Washington.
Volvo Cars Special Vehicle produced a concept car based on the V50, the V50 SV, whose engine produces , and debuted at the 2004 Specialty Equipment Market Association tradeshow in Las Vegas, Nevada.
For the model year of 2008, the V50 received revised front styling, minor modifications to the interior, optional active xenon headlights, audio systems, increased power and torque of the T5 engine, availability of the D5, with a six speed manual and a 1.8 Flexifuel engine.
For 2009, the V50 T5 was available in the United States, only as an automatic AWD model with the R-Design trim package, and within Europe with both manual and automatic options.
As of the model year of 2010, the D5 inline five diesel engine was no longer available; only the 1.6l and 2.0l diesel inline four units could be specified.
In 2010, the new, larger, circular Volvo logo appeared on the front grille, in the United States, a manual transmission was briefly available with the T5 AWD version.
In North America the naturally aspirated five cylinder engine, all wheel drive, and manual transmission were all dropped for the model year of 2011, leaving only the automatic, front wheel drive T5 in base and R-Design trims.
In the United Kingdom, postal addresses with a number followed by a letter may indicate a separate address within a larger, often residential building.
Baker Street in the late 19th century was a high-class residential district, and Holmes' apartment would probably have been part of a Georgian terrace.
In 1990, a blue plaque signifying 221B Baker Street was installed at the Sherlock Holmes Museum, situated elsewhere on the same block, and there followed a 15-year dispute between Abbey National and the Holmes Museum for the right to receive mail addressed to 221B Baker Street.
Since the closure of Abbey House in 2005, ownership of the address by the Holmes Museum has not been challenged, despite its location between 237 and 241 Baker Street.
The section north of Marylebone Road near Regent's Park – now including 221 Baker Street – was known in Conan Doyle's lifetime as Upper Baker Street.
However, a British crime novelist named Nigel Morland claimed that, late in Conan Doyle's life, he identified the junction of Baker Street and George Street, about 500 metres south of the Marylebone Road, as the location of 221B.
Sherlockian experts have also held to alternative theories as to where the original 221B was located and have maintained that it was further down Baker Street.
When street numbers were reallocated in the 1930s, the block of odd numbers from 215 to 229 was assigned to an Art Deco building known as Abbey House, constructed in 1932 for the Abbey Road Building Society, which the society and its successor (which subsequently became Abbey National plc) occupied until 2002.
A bronze plaque on the front of Abbey House carried a picture of Holmes and a quotation, but was removed from the building several years ago.
In 1999, Abbey National sponsored the creation of a bronze statue of Sherlock Holmes that now stands at the entrance to Baker Street Underground station.
The Sherlock Holmes Museum is situated within an 1815 townhouse very similar to the 221B described in the stories and is located between 237 and 241 Baker Street.
It displays exhibits in period rooms, wax figures and Holmes memorabilia, with the famous study overlooking Baker Street the highlight of the museum.
The description of the house can be found throughout the stories, including the 17 steps leading from the ground-floor hallway to the first-floor study.
The main study overlooked Baker Street, and Holmes' bedroom was adjacent to this room at the rear of the house, with Dr. Watson's bedroom being on the floor above, overlooking a rear yard that had a plane tree in it.
The street number 221B was assigned to the Sherlock Holmes Museum on 27 March 1990 (replacing the logical address 239 Baker Street) when the Leader of Westminster City Council, Shirley Porter, unveiled a blue plaque signifying the address of 221B Baker Street.
She was invited to renumber the museum's building to coincide with its official opening (and because the number 221B had not been included in the original planning consent for the museum granted in October 1989).
A long-running dispute over the number arose between the Sherlock Holmes Museum, the building society Abbey National (which had previously answered the mail addressed to Sherlock Holmes) and subsequently the local Westminster City Council.
The main objection to the Museum's role in answering the letters was that the number 221B bestowed on the Museum by the Council was out of sequence with the other numbers in the street: an issue that has since vexed local bureaucrats, who have striven for years to keep street numbers in sequence.
In 2005, Abbey National vacated their headquarters in Baker Street, which left the museum to battle with Westminster City Council to end the dispute over the number, which had created negative publicity.
This was originally a small hotel, the Northumberland Arms, but was refurbished and reopened under its present name in December 1957.
Its owners, Whitbread & Co, owned the entire Sherlock Holmes exhibition put together by Marylebone Borough Library and the Abbey National for the 1951 Festival of Britain.
The pub was restored to a late Victorian form and the exhibit, a detailed replica of Holmes' fictional apartment, was installed on the upstairs floor.
The new team was launched in its own series the following month and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway.
The eponymous comic book series was published for 67 issues from September 1981 to March 1987 and three annuals were published as well.
Several issues of the series detailed origins of various characters including Amazing-Man, Starman, Doctor Fate, Liberty Belle, the Shining Knight, Robotman, Johnny Quick, and the Tarantula.
In it he describes the impetus for the series, namely, DC wanted a comic book telling tales of the Justice Society of America.
The setting would be DC's fictional world of Earth-Two, a parallel universe to the mainstream DC continuity established during the 1960s, to explain how DC characters who were well established having adventures in the 1940s could still be in their 30s in contemporary comics.
The cast of characters would include a large ensemble of heroes from both the DC stable and the Quality Comics Group (which had been purchased by DC).
Several story lines ironed out continuity errors, fleshed out characters' origins and rewrote earlier stories to explain inconsistencies in character development, resolve lingering questions or fill in missing details.
The Trylon and Perisphere, actual structures constructed in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York for the 1939 New York World's Fair, housed the Squadron's headquarters.
The All-Star Squadron had a robotic butler named Gernsback, who was based on the Elektro robots from the fair and was named after science fiction publisher Hugo Gernsback.
Superman, Batman, Robin, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Green Arrow, Plastic Man and several other heroes were no longer extant at that point in history, and had thus never been Squadron members.
Evil analogs were also created for the missing characters at the same time: Übermensch, Der Grosshorn Eule, Fledermaus, Usil, and Sea Wolf.
Unfortunately, the artwork for issue #49 was printed without Hawkman's cameo included, so it became the only issue to break the streak.
When writer Gerry Conway revived the Justice Society in their own regular series in 1976, he initially intended to have the younger members of the group, including Power Girl and the Star-Spangled Kid, spun off into their own team and potential series of their own, to be called the All-Star Squadron.
The group's name was subsequently changed to the Super Squad, after management at DC worried that the team's original name would be abbreviated as A.S.S.
On the day of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt gathered available superheroes—including members of the Justice Society of America, Freedom Fighters, Seven Soldiers of Victory and solo heroes—at the White House.
He asked them to band together for the war as the All-Star Squadron to battle sabotage and keep the peace on the home front during World War II.
The rationale for not using the Squadron in combat situations in the European or Pacific Theaters of War was that Adolf Hitler had possession of the Spear of Destiny, a mystical object that gave him control of any superheroes with magic-based powers or a vulnerability to magic (including Superman, Green Lantern, Doctor Fate and others) who crossed into territory held by the Axis Powers.
At the time, many of the Justice Society members had been captured by the time-travelling villain Per Degaton with the help of JSA foes he had pulled back in time, but the available heroes were asked to first guard against a potential attack on the West Coast of the United States.
Degaton himself used some stolen Japanese planes with hypnotized troopers to launch such an attack on San Francisco, hoping to change history by making the United States fight to a stalemate against Japan, enabling him to take over the world, so the new Squadron's first major mission was to stop the attack and rescue the captured heroes, who also became part of the new group.
Due to Per Degaton going back in time after the JSA were freed they forgot his involvement, though the events were not wiped.
America's entry into the war caused several of the members of the JSA to enlist, or be drafted in their civilian identities.
While these are ideal visual representations for the chemist, they are unsuitable for computational use and especially for search and storage.
Large chemical databases for structures are expected to handle the storage and searching of information on millions of molecules taking terabytes of physical memory...
Most chemical databases store information on stable molecules but in databases for reactions also intermediates and temporarily created unstable molecules are stored.
These approaches have been refined to allow representation of stereochemical differences and charges as well as special kinds of bonding such as those seen in organo-metallic compounds.
Chemists can search databases using parts of structures, parts of their IUPAC names as well as based on constraints on properties.
This kind of search is achieved by looking for subgraph isomorphism (sometimes also called a monomorphism) and is a widely studied application of Graph theory.
The intensive component of search is called atom-by-atom-searching (ABAS), in which a mapping of the search substructure atoms and bonds with the target molecule is sought.
Speedups are achieved by time amortization, that is, some of the time on search tasks are saved by using precomputed information.
By looking at the fragments present in a search structure it is possible to eliminate the need for ABAS comparison with target molecules that do not possess the fragments that are present in the search structure.
The performance of such keys depends on the choice of the fragments used for constructing the keys and the probability of their presence in the database molecules.
The amount of memory needed to store these structural-keys and fingerprints can be reduced by 'folding', which is achieved by combining parts of the key using bitwise-operations and thereby reducing the overall length.
Search by matching 3D conformation of molecules or by specifying spatial constraints is another feature that is particularly of use in drug design.
Many approximate methods have been proposed, for instance BCUTS, special function representations, moments of inertia, ray-tracing histograms, maximum distance histograms, shape multipoles to name a few.
Databases of synthesizable and virtual chemicals are getting larger each year, therefore the ability to efficiently mine them is critical for drug discovery projects.
On top of that, there exist various artificial and more or less standardized naming systems for molecules that supply more or less ambiguous names and synonyms.
The IUPAC name is usually a good choice for representing a molecule's structure in a both human-readable and unique string although it becomes unwieldy for larger molecules.
Trivial names on the other hand abound with homonyms and synonyms and are therefore a bad choice as a defining database key.
can mostly be computed directly based on the molecule's structure, pharmacological descriptors can be derived only indirectly using involved multivariate statistics or experimental (screening, bioassay) results.
There is no single definition of molecular similarity, however the concept may be defined according to the application and is often described as an inverse of a measure of distance in descriptor space.
Two molecules might be considered more similar for instance if their difference in molecular weights is lower than when compared with others.
In pharmacologically oriented chemical repositories, similarity is usually defined in terms of the biological effects of compounds (ADME/tox) that can in turn be semiautomatically inferred from similar combinations of physico-chemical descriptors using QSAR methods.
By applying rules of precedence for the generation of stringified notations, one can obtain unique/'canonical' string representations such as 'canonical SMILES'.
Some registration systems such as the CAS system make use of algorithms to generate unique hash codes to achieve the same objective.
A key difference between a registration system and a simple chemical database is the ability to accurately represent that which is known, unknown, and partially known.
For example, a chemical database might store a molecule with stereochemistry unspecified, whereas a chemical registry system requires the registrar to specify whether the stereo configuration is unknown, a specific (known) mixture, or racemic.
These search and conversion algorithms are implemented either within the database system itself or as is now the trend is implemented as external components that fit into standard relational database systems.
Algorithms for the conversion of IUPAC names to structure representations and vice versa are also used for extracting structural information from text.
CSI: NY (Crime Scene Investigation: New York, stylized as CSI: NY/) is an American police procedural television series that ran on CBS from September 22, 2004, to February 22, 2013, for a total of nine seasons and 197 original episodes.
The company dissolved after season three in 2007, and all production after that was done under the purview of CBS Paramount Television.
The show was filmed at the CBS Studio Center, with many of the outside scenes shot in and around Los Angeles.
The series mixes gritty subject matter and deduction in the same manner as its predecessors, yet also places a great deal of emphasis on criminal profiling.
Mac is a veteran of the NYPD who lost his wife on 9/11, and as such must work to rebuild his personal life while supervising his team.
Jo is still haunted by her ousting from the FBI after blowing the whistle on improper lab procedure, so she works to regain her professional reputation.
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI, generally referred to as the Patricia's) is one of the three Regular Force infantry regiments of the Canadian Army of the Canadian Armed Forces.
The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (LER), a Reserve Force battalion, is affiliated with the PPCLI but is not formally part of it.
The regiment is a ceremonial structure, and the three battalions are independent operational entities, under the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG).
Although the regiment carries the designation of 'light infantry', two of its battalions are mechanized infantry, and the unit has never been organized as a traditional light infantry regiment.
The PPCLI was raised on the initiative of Captain Andrew Hamilton Gault in 1914, to participate in the Canadian war effort for the First World War.
The regiment has also participated in the Second World War, the Korean War and the War in Afghanistan, as well as in numerous NATO operations and United Nations peacekeeping missions.
The regiment is composed of three battalions, all of which are Regular Force units and part of the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1CMBG).
1 PPCLI is a mechanized infantry battalion of the Regular Force and uses the LAV 6.0 (light armoured vehicle) as its primary fighting vehicle.
The battalion is made of three rifle companies, combat support company comprising reconnaissance and signals platoons as well as a sniper group, and administration company.
The battalion is composed of three rifle companies (A, B and C), one combat support company, and one command and administration company.
The Permanent Active Militia (Regular Force) component was formed on 1 April 1919 and the Canadian Expeditionary Force component of the regiment was disbanded on 30 August 1920.
Following the Second World War on 1 March 1946, the Canadian Active Service Force regiment was disbanded and the 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, CIC was redesignated Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, CIC.
On 7 August 1950, the 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, RCIC was authorized to be formed as an Active Force unit embodied in the Special Force.
On 30 November 1950, the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, RCIC was authorized to be formed as an Active Force unit embodied in the Special Force.
On 27 April 1970, the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was authorized to be formed as a Regular Force unit.
At the outbreak of World War I, when Canada was lacking regular military forces, the then-Captain Andrew Hamilton Gault raised the Patricias.
Hamilton Gault offered $100,000 (around 2 million in 2006 Canadian Dollars) to finance and equip a battalion in order to participate in the Canadian war effort overseas.
The charter of the regiment was signed on August 10, and the Governor General of Canada, The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, approved the existence of the regiment.
A sandstone slab memorial at Lansdowne Park was dedicated to the founding of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at this location in August 1914.
Colonel Farquhar, Military Secretary to Canada's Governor-General, asked the Duke of Connaught for permission to name the regiment after his daughter, Princess Patricia of Connaught.
By August, 19 a full complement of 1,098 had been selected, of those, 1,049 had previously served in South Africa or in the British Army.
As a Canadian regiment mobilized in a time of wartime shortages, the regiment was equipped with weapons from a variety of sources.
Private soldiers initially carried the Canadian .303 Ross rifle, while officers, gunners, and noncommissioned officers normally carried the 1914 Colt Canadian-contract .45 M1911 pistol.
During the period of Training at Lévis, following extensive tests on the Ross rifle, the Patricias issued the first of what would be many damning reports of the suitability of the Ross rifle for combat.
On 20 December, the regiment departed for the port of Southampton with the rest of the brigade and embarked for France arriving the next day.
On this date the PPCLI was the only Canadian infantry unit on the battlefield, only the 1st Canadian Medical Corps was there before.
When Francis Farquhar, the first commanding officer was killed in action at St Eloi on March 20, 1915, he was replaced by Lt Col H. Buller, another British regular who had served with him on the staff of the Governor General before the war.
On May, 8 the stout defence of Bellewaerde Ridge during the Battle of Frezenberg established the reputation of the Patricias but at tremendous cost.
The PPCLI served for a year with the 80th Brigade before joining the new 7th Brigade within the 3rd Canadian Division on December 22, 1915.
In 1917 as part of the Canadian Corps, the regiment took part in the Battle of Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917, and Passchendaele later the same year.
In 1918 the regiment fought at the Battle of Amiens, Jigsaw Wood, and the Battle of the Canal du Nord as part of the great battles of the Hundred Days that ended the war.
The 4th Company, PPCLI, entered Mons with other Canadian troops early on November 11, 1918, before the armistice took effect at 11 AM.
A former Patricia, Lt. Hugh McKenzie, who had risen from Private to Company Sargeant-Major before accepting his commission and transferring to the Canadian Machine Gun Corps was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously for his actions during Passchendaele.
He had already won the Empire's second-highest award for gallantry, the Distinguished Conduct Medal, while serving with the regiment as well as the French Croix de Guerre.
On 30 October 1917, he was a member of the 7th Canadian Machine Gun Company, Canadian Machine Gun Corps, leading a section of four machine guns in support of the regiment.
Seeing that one of the PPCLI companies was hesitating to advance in the face of a German machine gun position on dominating ground, he handed command of his troops to an NCO and went to rally the men of his old regiment.
Once on the position, however, he realized that it was itself under dominating enemy machine gun fire from a nearby pillbox.
In total 1,272 officers and enlisted men of the Patricias were killed and 82 officers and enlisted men were captured during the war.
In 1920 the regimental headquarters, A Company and D Company were relocated to Fort Osborne Barracks, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, while B Company relocated to Esquimalt, British Columbia.
The period between the two wars was a recession period for the Canadian Armed Forces, and the regiment lost 209 soldiers in 1924.
In 1926 a group of officers and friends of the PPCLI erected a plaque in the chapel of a women's monastery on Echo Drive, across the Rideau Canal from Lansdowne Park which was dedicated to the memory of the war dead and veterans of the PPCLI during the First World War.
It was moved to St. Clement Chapel, Albion Road in 1985, then to St. Clement's new premises at 87 Mann Avenue in 1993.
World War II began in Europe on September, 1st 1939, and the Parliament of Canada declared war between Canada and Germany on September 10, 1939.
The regiment sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia on the December 21, 1939, arriving in Aldershot, England, as part of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division under the command of Lieutenant Colonel W.G.
The regiment spent three and a half years in United Kingdom, most of which was spent in coastal defence and training in various parts of the country.
On July 10, 1943, the PPCLI, forming part of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the British Eighth Army, landed in Sicily during Operation Husky.
In May 1944 the PPCLI took part in the offensive against the Hitler Line, west of Monte Cassino, during the allied offensive against Rome.
In August the unit took part in the offensive against the Gothic Line and in the assaults on San Fortunato and Rimini.
On March 13, 1945, the I Canadian Corps was transferred to Northwest Europe where it joined the First Canadian Army and took part in the liberation of the Netherlands.
Shortly after, the regiment captured the city of Apeldoorn, and, on May 7, 1945, it was the first allied force to enter Amsterdam, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Clark.
On June 1, 1945, a new battalion of the regiment was authorized to be part the Canadian Pacific Force in the campaign against Japan.
After the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by American atomic bombs and Japan's subsequent surrender on August 15, 1945, the Pacific Force was disbanded.
After the war, in January 1946, while the interim force was gradually disbanded and the permanent force was formed, the 2nd Battalion returned to CFB Shilo.
In 1948, on the eve of the Korean War, an emphasis was put on the airborne troops and the 2nd Battalion was the first unit chosen to fill this role, on a voluntary basis.
In the end, all the members of the unit, including the officers, became paratroopers; training was completed in the spring of 1949.
On August 15, 1950, the 2nd Battalion was created within the regiment to be a component of the Canadian Army Special Force in response to the North Korean invasion of South Korea; the unit adopted the designation of 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.
The battalion landed in Korea in December and trained in the mountains for eight weeks before finally taking part in the war on February 6, becoming a component of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade of the IX American Corps in the 8th US Army.
On April 22, 1951, Chinese forces undertook a major offensive against the United Nations forces and pierced through the first line of defence held by the 6th South Korean Division.
During the Battle of Kapyong the 2nd Battalion, PPCLI, the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, and A Company, 72nd Heavy Tank Battalion (US) were tasked with the defence of the Kapyong Valley.
The formation delayed the Chinese forces for three days while United Nations forces withdrew to a new defensive line, thus saving Seoul.
For their action, these three units received the United States Presidential Unit Citation and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation.
On May 25, 1951, the 2nd Battalion, PPCLI was transferred to the 25th Canadian Infantry Brigade within the 1st Commonwealth Division.
This 3rd Battalion trained at CFB Wainwright, CFB Borden, and Camp Ipperwash, before sending troops with the 1st and 2nd Battalions during their tour in Korea.
The PPCLI was again reduced to two battalions, and the commander, regimental sergeant major, and members of the disbanded 3rd Battalion were chosen to form the new 2nd Battalion of the Canadian Guards.
The 2nd Battalion, PPCLI served in Germany from October 1953 to the fall of 1955, when the 1st Battalion replaced it until the fall of 1957.
The 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was sent to Cyprus in 1968 within the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFYCIP).
The Patricias served in Israel, Golan, Egypt, Lebanon, Kuwait, Iraq, Nigeria, Uganda, Congo, Vietnam, Central America, Angola, Somalia, Rwanda, Korea, Croatia, and Bosnia, for various missions.
During the Yugoslav Wars in the early 1990s, soldiers from PPCLI served in the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia.
In the autumn of 1992 The 3rd Battalion replaced the Royal 22nd Regiment in Sector North, stationed out of Camp Polom, near Pakrac.
A battle group drawn mostly from 1st Battalion PPCLI replaced the 2nd in 1994; the 2nd Battalion also served with the stabilization force in 1997, 2000 and 2003, the 3rd Battalion in 2000, and the 1st Battalion in 2002 and 2003.
B Company, 1st Battalion, deployed as part of Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Battle Group to northwest Bosnia from July 1997 to January 1998.
Elements of PPCLI served with Lord Strathcona's Horse during the 1917–1918 winter, and in 1999, the 1st Battalion sent a complete battle group to the Kosovo Force.
In 1998 to celebrate the announcement of the re-opening of Canada House, a detachment of the 3rd Battalion was sent to London to mount the Royal Guard at the Buckingham Palace, a rare honour.
In January 22, 2002, during Operation Apollo, the Canadian contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom and the War in Afghanistan, the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, deployed to Afghanistan.
These were the first major troops Canada sent in the theatre of operations, only preceded by a small team of Joint Task Force 2 operators in late 2001.
In March 2002, during Operation Anaconda, members of the 3PPCLI were in the Afghan province of Paktiya, clearing the mountains looking for Taliban and members of Al-Qaeda.
This sniper team, led by Master-Corporal Graham Ragsdale, registered more than 20 kills while Master-Corporal Arron Perry set the new world record for farthest combat kill with a .50 cal McMillan Tac-50 sniper rifle that killed a Taliban fighter at a distance of .
Later on in the mission, Corporal Rob Furlong set yet a new record by firing a shot from a .50 cal McMillan Tac-50 sniper rifle that killed a Taliban fighter at a distance of .
Both shots surpassed the long-standing previous world record of set by U.S. Marine Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock during the Vietnam War.
On March 13, 2002, Operation Harpoon was launched in parallel of Operation Anaconda, with the goal of eliminating a small pocket of Taliban fighters.
The operation involved air elements as well as a ground battlegroup composed of Canadian and American soldiers, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Pat Stogran, commander 3PPCLI battlegroup.
The next day, a reconnaissance platoon from 3PPCLI led the American troops to a network of caves and bunkers used by Al-Qaeda resisters.
The Canadian soldiers were participating in planned nighttime training exercises near Kandahar when Major Harry Schmidt, an American pilot from the Illinois Air National Guard, flew overhead.
Schmidt was court-martialed by the U.S. and convicted of dereliction of duty as a result, in what became known as the Tarnak Farm incident.
On May 4, 2002, Operation Torii is launched, and Lieutenant-Colonel Stogran leads an international task force, of which 400 Canadian soldiers.
The goal of the mission was to discover networks of caves used by the Talibans and Al-Qaeda, as well as to gather intelligence in the Tora Bora region.
From June 30 to July 4, 2002, the majority of 3PPCLI relocated to Zabul Province, Northwest of Kandahar, to establish for the first time a coalition presence in the region.
The 3rd Battalion started preparing its redeployment back to Canada on July 13, and its members came back home in two contingents, on July 28 and July 30, after a short stay in Guam.
On March 2003, the 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, deployed a 35-soldier platoon to serve alongside already deployed units from Operation Apollo.
From August 2004 to February 2005, during Operation Athena, the 3rd Battalion deployed a reconnaissance platoon with the LDSH (RC) reconnaissance squadron to Kabul.
After a spring in which a record number of attacks against Canadian soldiers had been set, and numerous offensives by Canadians which included six deaths to the Canadian Forces, the Taliban in Kandahar and Helmand provinces were massing and Operation Mountain Thrust was launched in the beginning of the summer.
After Operation Mountain Thrust came to an end, Taliban fighters flooded back into the Panjwaii district in numbers that had not been seen yet in a single area in the post Anaconda war.
The Canadian Forces, which came under NATO command at the end of July, launched Operation Medusa in an attempt to clear the areas of Taliban fighters once and for all.
The fighting of Operation Medusa was conducted with a larger force of Canadians, most of them being brand new to combat and largely fought by the rotation replacing the 1PPCLI, a battle group built around the 1st Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment (RCR).
For their actions in 2006, the 1st Battalion PPCLI Battle Group was given the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation from the Governor-General of Canada.
In August of the same year, it is replaced by the 3RCR, and in September 2009, 1PPCLI returns in Afghanistan to replace 2R22eR, where it stayed until May 2010.
Battle honours are the right given by the Canadian Crown to the regiment to mark on its colours the name of the battles or operations in which they stood out.
Battle honours in CAPITALS were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles.
Those battle honours in bold type are authorized for emblazoned Two soldiers of the regiment have been awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest honours of the Commonwealth forces, during World War I.
Instead of a regimental band, PPCLI maintains three drum lines that form the regimental corps of drums, which provides ceremonial musical support.
PPCLI's band date back to the First World War when it's core band came from the St. Mary's Boys Brigade Band and the 140th New Brunswick Battalion in January 1916.
PPCLI Band was formed in 1919 under the guidance of Captain Tommy James and was stationed at Fort Osborne Barracks in Winnipeg.
In early 1940s, the 1st Canadian Division Band was largely made up of former PPCLI bandsmen, which provided the basis to be reactivated after the war at Wainwright, Alberta.
The drum line was inactive due to the Afghanistan War in the early 2000s, however was re-formed under the leadership of Sergeant Keith Mooney and Warrant Officer Dave Kennedy in 2014.
The Edmonton Police Service pipe band, which was formed in 1914, was dissolved during the First World War, with its musicians being re-augmented to PPCLI and leading the regiment into battle.
As a result of this close history together, the Pipes and Drums of the EPS, which was re-founded in 1961, is the only non-military civilian band within the Commonwealth to wear the badges of three Canadian regiments, with one of these being PPCLI.
While serving as a public relations tool for the EPS, it still performs alongside the regiment today during public events in Edmonton.
The band was invited to play at PPCLI's beating retreat ceremony in 1964 and at the regimental trooping of the colour in 1967.
This is the first time that a person who is not a member of the Canadian Royal Family has been invited to take such a position with the regiment.
May 8 is the anniversary of the 1915 Battle of Frezenberg and is observed by a parade and a church ceremony.
In 1984, in a conversation with the PPCLI Colonel-of-The-Regiment, Colonel William Sutherland, Lieutenant James MacInnis surmised that the PPCLI's founder, Brigadier Hamilton Gault, a former 'Black Watch' officer from the Canadian Militia, may have used the Gaelic term when referring to the flag and Lt MacInnis believed that subsequent soldiers' bastardization of the Gaelic became accepted practise.
In 2011 Colonel-in-Chief Adrienne Clarkson, asked songwriter Bryan Adams to write a song to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the PPCLI.
It was recorded by the wives of the regiment in Edmonton, Alberta and was released to the public by Universal Records.
The PPCLI is not directly affiliated with the Western Hockey League, but they are associated through name with the Regina Pats who were formed in 1917 in Regina, Saskatchewan, as a major junior hockey team.
It flows south past Covington and Englewood, where it is dammed for flood control, then southeast to join the Great Miami River in Dayton.
The Stillwater River was one of the Great Miami River tributaries that flooded during the Great Dayton Flood of 1913, resulting in the creation of the Miami Conservancy District.
Robert Arthur Mould (born October 16, 1960) is an American musician, principally known for his work as guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter for alternative rock bands Hüsker Dü in the 1980s and Sugar in the 1990s.
Born in Malone, New York Mould lived in several places, including the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota area where he attended Macalester College.
Mould and Hart were the principal songwriters for Hüsker Dü, with Hart's higher-pitched vocals and Mould's baritone taking the lead in alternate songs.
Forming in 1979, Hüsker Dü first gained notice as a punk rock group with a series of recordings on the independent label SST Records.
However, they were later often cited as one of the key influences on 1990s alternative rock, including bands such as Nirvana and the Pixies.
In the late 1980s, Hüsker Dü broke up acrimoniously amid members' drug abuse, personal problems, disputes over songwriting credits, musical direction, and the suicide of the band's manager, David Savoy.
Mould and Grant Hart, the band's other songwriter and vocalist, still took occasional jabs at each other in the press until Hart's death in 2017, though the two briefly revisited their Hüsker Dü back catalog together at a 2004 benefit concert for an ailing friend, the late Karl Mueller of Soul Asylum.
After Hüsker Dü broke up in 1988, Mould sequestered himself in a remote farmhouse in Pine City, Minnesota, having quit drinking and drugs, and wrote the songs that would make up his first solo album.
Drummer Anton Fier (of The Feelies and later The Golden Palominos) and bassist Tony Maimone (of Pere Ubu) served as Mould's rhythm section.
The label released singles from bands such as Daniel Johnston, Grant Lee Buffalo, Moby, Mojo Nixon, Morphine, Nikki Sudden, and R. Stevie Moore from 1989–1994.
After the tour, Mould took a break from the music world to get involved with another passion of his, professional wrestling, when he joined WCW as a scriptwriter in 1999 for a brief period.
During a stint living in New York City in the late-1990s, as he more fully embraced his identity as a gay man, Mould's tastes took a detour into dance music and electronica.
By this time, he had changed his mind on touring with a band, and announced his first band tour since 1998.
The tour lineup included bassist Jason Narducy (of Verbow), drummer Brendan Canty (of Fugazi), and Mould's Blowoff collaborator, Morel, on keyboards.
In addition to his solo work, Mould also worked as a live DJ in collaboration with Washington DC-area dance music artist Richard Morel, under the collective banner Blowoff.
They frequently staged at the 9:30 Club in Washington, D.C. A Blowoff CD was released in September 2006, consisting of songs recorded together by the two.
It peaked at #52 on the Billboard 200 album chart, #12 on the Alternative Albums chart, and #3 on the Tastemaker Albums chart.
He made sporadic appearances with the band during their Wasting Light tour to perform the song on stage, including on the Conan O'Brien show.
On November 21, 2011, musicians such as Dave Grohl, Britt Daniel and Jessica Dobson of Spoon, Craig Finn and Tad Kubler of The Hold Steady, Randy Randall and Dean Allen Spunt of No Age, Margaret Cho, Jason Narducy, Jon Wurster of Superchunk, and Ryan Adams came together at the Walt Disney Concert Hall and played songs from Bob Mould's career.
The first version is Fred Venable while the second version is private investigator and bodyguard Christopher Chance who assumes the identities of clients targeted by assassins and other dangerous criminals, has appeared in numerous books published throughout the decades, and has appeared in television adaptations.
Writer Peter Milligan and Edvin Biukovic revived Christopher Chance in 1999, moving the character to DC Comics' Vertigo imprint for a four-issue limited series.
It covers the northern part of the Australian Capital Territory and an area of New South Wales to the east and north of that, including towns of Bungendore, Murrumbateman and Yass, New South Wales.
Wine is grown and produced in a triangular area of about 60 km sides bordered by Canberra, Yass, and Bungendore, taking in the important localities of Murrumbateman and Lake George.
The district is noted as a cool-climate wine area, but encompasses a substantial climatic range, with the lower altitude and more inland regions near Yass substantially warmer than the higher altitude areas near Bungendore.
Typical vineyard elevations range between , and the inland location result in relatively high continentality, possibly explaining the affinity for leading varieties Shiraz and Riesling.
The main grape varieties grown are Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Viognier, Tempranillo, Pinot noir and Pinot gris.
Formed in 1992, they were led by the singer and guitarist Bob Mould (ex-Hüsker Dü), alongside bassist David Barbe (ex-Mercyland) and drummer Malcolm Travis (ex-Human Sexual Response).
The band was named in an Athens, GA Waffle House Restaurant when Mould spotted a sugar packet on the table where he and the other two band members were sitting.
Their first concert was on February 20, 1992, at the 40 Watt Club in Athens, Georgia, after a few weeks warming up in R.E.M.
Despite his poor reputation and personality, Hex is bound by a personal code of honor to protect and avenge the innocent.
This house ad contains the first published images of Jonah Hex, as well as two dialogue-filled comic strip panels not used in his first full-story appearance.
Jonah Hex headlined the new title right up until issue #38, at which point Scalphunter took over the spotlight while Jonah Hex moved into his own self-titled series in 1977.
The series lasted for 92 issues with Michael Fleisher as the main writer and Tony DeZuniga providing much of the art.
In a bizarre turn of events, Hex found that he had been transported to the 21st century and became somewhat of a post-apocalyptic warrior, reminiscent of Mad Max.
The series had mediocre success in the United States but was critically acclaimed and well received in Great Britain, Italy, Spain and Japan.
In assorted postings on their message board, Gray and Palmiotti have stated their intent was to depict various adventures from across the full length of Hex's life and career.
The main artistic difference is that the series is published without the external restraints of the Comics Code Authority which allows for harder edged stories without having to keep with the Vertigo imprint's dark fantasy themes.
They worked him constantly until one day when he saved their chieftain from a puma and he was welcomed as a full-fledged member of the tribe.
Noh-Tante shared Jonah's affections for a young girl named White Fawn, so he betrayed his brother during their manhood rite at the age of 16 and left Jonah for dead with their enemies, the Kiowa.
He was rescued by a Cavalry patrol, although they shot him in the gut when he tried to stop their slaughter.
When war erupted between the Northern states and the Southern states, Jonah shifted his loyalties to the newly formed Confederate States Army and earned a commission as a lieutenant in the 4th CS Cavalry.
As time went on, Hex found himself increasingly torn between his loyalties to the South and his feelings towards the treatment of slaves.
In September 1862, President Abraham Lincoln announced his Emancipation Proclamation – a proposed bill that would outlaw slavery in most slave-holding states.
Jonah realized that he could no longer support a system that elected to hold his fellow man in bondage, however, he had no intention of betraying his comrades by cooperating with the Union.
He abandoned his post and went to the Union camp at Fort Charlotte, sneaking into the Camp captain's quarters to surrender directly.
However, an orderly examined samples of clay from the iron shoes on Hex's horse, and determined where the Confederate soldiers were stationed.
As the Confederate soldiers were arrested, the Union captain, smarting from the fact that Hex was able to penetrate the fort's security, publicly thanked Jonah for his assistance, marking him as a traitor in the eyes of his former unit.
Jonah found a shaft beneath his cell and used it to access the compound where Jeb Turnbull and the other prisoners were being held.
The fort did not have enough food to support its soldiers, let alone prisoners, so he had manipulated Hex into staging a breakout so that he could legitimately claim that the prisoners were shot trying to escape.
Jonah found himself a victim of a Union bullet as well but managed to survive long enough to kill the camp's captain.
He declared Noh-Tante's betrayal to the chieftain, but the accusations were denied and it was decided that they would deliberate through trial by combat.
For breaking the rules of combat and killing his son, the chieftain declared that Jonah would be branded with the mark of the demon and exiled under penalty of death.
The mark of the demon punishment consists of pushing a scorching tomahawk against the branded one's cheek; thus Hex received his distinctive feature.
Years later when he returned again to rescue a kidnapped white woman, he was captured and White Fawn was shot dead by the chieftain for trying to help him escape.
Jonah killed his adopted father in return and gunned down half the tribe who went after him, with the help of Henri d'Aubergnon.
He gunned down Mad Dog while the man was beating his wife outside of a saloon; in his inebriated stupor, Hex believed him to be his own father, Woodson Hex, abusing his mother, Virginia Hex.
The local deputy insisted that, even drunk, it was the fastest draw he had ever seen and gave him the massive bounty on McGill's head.
The town of Paradise Corners hired him to take down a criminal named Big Jim, but when he thought of settling down there they shunned him and treated him like a monster.
His next target was a robber named Terry White, who betrayed him after Hex found him in the desert and nursed him back to health.
Jonah received a wolf named Iron Jaws when he tried to rescue a peaceful Pawnee tribe from their local town and failed to save the girl who owned him.
Iron Jaws died after venturing into the desert to rescue Hex from dying of exposure where two outlaws had tied him up.
Hex next took down a corrupt sheriff who was scamming his town, and then a corrupt hanging judge at the next.
Briefly he became the bodyguard to a sideshow attraction whose owner he murdered after the man tried to frame him for a heinous crime.
When some bandits he had hunted down an injured an old lady who had shown him kindness, he funded a children's hospital to make sure she got the medicine she needed before chasing them down and slaughtering them.
The Lord of Time assembled a team, known as the Five Warriors from Forever, when he believed that his time machine, the Eternity Brain, would end all existence.
This team included Jonah Hex alongside Black Pirate, Enemy Ace, Miss Liberty, and the Viking Prince; to make them powerful enough to become a threat, they were each energized with a special force.
Their purpose was to fight the Justice League and Justice Society to strengthen their resolve through defeat, which they succeeded in doing.
Hex got into a gun-fight with a T-Rex, but they were defeated and eventually returned to their own times using the Cosmic Treadmill.
The Lord of Time sent members of the League back to the 19th century in an absurd plot to rule the world.
They teamed up with Elongated Man, Flash, and Zatanna to take down some robotic gunfighters while the League dealt with an anti-matter asteroid that threatened to destroy the Earth.
Hex became involved in the first Crisis when he was summoned, along with several other heroes, to fight for the Monitor.
Alex Luthor and Harbinger gathered the heroes of several Earths to discuss strategy, and Hex was present in the crowd to witness Pariah's warnings.
He was abducted from his own era by the villainous Reinhold Borsten (and with a little unintentional help from Access), who transported him into a post-apocalyptic Seattle, Washington in the 21st century.
His intention was to use the time-traveling gunfighter as a warrior, but instead Jonah escaped and met a motorcycle gang named the Road Reapers.
They immediately took him in after he rescued their warrior Stiletta, and he obtained a zonesuit to protect himself from radiation by killing their cowardly leader, Falcon, in self-defense.
His next companions were a group of soldiers from the Vietnam War, although they were betrayed by a robotic duplicate of Stiletta and none survived except for a Cpt.
Having attracted negative attention from the underworld Conglomerate by knocking over their drug shipment, Hex and Stiletta were hunted down by their mercenary Chain, but defeated him in a junkyard.
The Conglomerate enlisted Hex to help them take down Borsten, and he was captured by Borsten in a fight so that he could destroy the villain's time travel device after using it.
Together, Hex and Stiletta infiltrated the complex and Harris was sent home, but Jonah didn't make it to the time machine before it was destroyed.
Hex got newer and improved guns after he won at a dangerous live shooting gallery, but Stiletta was kidnapped while he was fighting.
His next challenge was an anti-sin cult called the Sin Killers, whom he demolished while rescuing the daughter of a local man.
New York City's leading crime syndicate, the Combine, sent Hex after their greatest enemy, the Batman, by framing him for Stiletta's murder; the two men fought and nearly killed each other.
Realizing that they were on the same side, Hex helped Batman stop the Combine from unleashing giant killer robots on the populace.
The Road Reapers were captured by a group of warriors called the Dogs of War, who pressed them into slave labor for an alien named S'ven Tarah.
Tarah revealed that he was a time-traveler and his slave camps were building a machine to thwart an alien invasion from the Xxggs.
Having been captured into the slave camp by Manta, Hex organized a breakout to escape and fought Starkad on his way out.
They fought against the Xxggs for the future of humanity and succeeded, but Tarah explained that he was unable to send Hex back to his own time.
Finding his own stuffed corpse in an amusement park, he took comfort in the knowledge that someday he would get to go home.
It was revealed that Williams studied voodoo in Haiti, and reanimated the corpse of Wild Bill Hickok as his personal bodyguard.
Jonah put Hickok down again by beating him on the draw, then avenged his friend by leaving the Doc to die a slow, brutal death at the hands of Apache raiders.
It is explained that the monsters were half-bred rape children of an underground race and a human woman, calling themselves the Autumn Brothers.
They launched an assault on the tunnel system where the rest of the worms lived, slaughtering them as they went and blowing up their queen with dynamite.
Jonah became a member of Buffalo Will's traveling Wild West Show after a trick-shooting midget named Long Tom saved his life.
He reconnected with an old friend named Spotted Balls and met a local squaw prostitute who gave birth to a Bear Boy.
Hex decided to leave the camp with Spotted Balls and the squaw because he did not like the way things were run.
He was able to return the squaw and her cub to its father and Jonah finally met the mythical spirit people.
Returning to camp with Long Tom's corpse, he swore to Buffalo Will that if he ever saw him again he would kill him.
When a rich family hired him to track down their kidnapped son, he found the boy had become part of an underground dog-fighting ring and was forced to put him down when he contracted rabies.
The Mayor of a small town tried to execute him to cover up the incestuous rape of his mute daughter, but the townspeople lynched the politician instead.
On Christmas he got into a gunfight, killing a dozen men to protect one of his bounties from their revenge attempts.
In the small town of Salvation, he met a local gang who posed as nuns and tried to murder him before he could reveal their secret.
Jonah Hex continued to act as a bounty hunter until the age of 66 in 1904, when he was married to a Native American woman named Tall Bird.
Farnham approached him to become part of a Wild West Revue show in his old age, but Hex angrily refused to let them turn him into a sideshow.
Hex's last bounty was a gang run by bank robber George Barrow; he succeeded in wiping them out, but Barrow returned for revenge several days later.
Tall Bird and Wheeler attempted to give Jonah a proper Native American burial, but they were robbed at gunpoint by Farnham and an accomplice.
Farnham had Wheeler shot and the widow left unconscious to die in a house fire while he stole Hex's corpse for his Wild West Revue.
Eventually he was discovered by historians, but Tall Bird was revealed to have survived the fire and she claimed his body.
She did an interview with a young scholar to fill in the missing details in her husband's life, but they were assaulted by a Western memorabilia collector who demanded to have the corpse at any cost.
The evil collector was shot in the back before he could murder them, and it is implied that Jonah Hex's vengeful spirit returned to protect his wife from beyond the grave.
Many years later, a supermodel and actress named Hex seemed to become possessed when her right eye was cut out by members of the Agenda.
She assisted Superboy and displayed psionic powers when she repeatedly fired an unloaded energy weapon, but this change in consciousness seems to have been temporary.
The young man pleaded for his life to zombie versions of Jonah Hex and Quentin Turnbull, but his ancestor gunned him down in cold blood.
Police Chief John Cromwell did not take kindly to Arkham's theories, nor to the eventual recruitment of bounty hunter Jonah Hex, who had recently caused a stir by coming to town.
Even so, recognizing Hex's street smarts, Arkham suggests that the two of them join forces in performing a separate investigation into the case.
The solution of the Butcher case (revealed to be a conspiracy by several prominent Gotham citizens belonging to the Religion Of Crime) was simply the first of many dangerous cases.
During his time in Gotham, Hex runs afoul of the Court Of Owls, Vandal Savage and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
After leaving Gotham to return to the western territories, Hex encounters a semi-amnesiac Booster Gold and is accidentally thrown into the 21st century where he is initially put in Arkham Asylum, believed to be a delusional imposter who has adopted the identity of the historical Jonah Hex.
After taking Dr Jeremiah Arkham hostage to escape the asylum, he convinces Jeremiah that he is indeed the same Jonah Hex who knew his great-grandfather, and after helping to take down a crazed gunman attacking a crowd of people, secures the legal assistance of Bruce Wayne to get released from custody.
After several adventures where Hex encounters, among others, John Constantine, Swamp Thing and Superman during his mission to find a way back to the past, Hex is horrified when he and Gina find his own preserved corpse in a Wild West exhibition at the Metropolis Museum.
Despodent and depressed, Hex is involved in a severe DUI accident that leaves him in a coma for over a month.
Upon awakening, he finds that the doctors used 21st century medical technology to repair his ruined face and eye along with his accident injuries.
Discharged from the hospital, Hex and Gina encounter Booster Gold, who has arrived to send Hex back to his own time.
Although Hex tries to dissuade her, Gina insists on coming with him, but dies soon after they arrive in the 19th century while they are crossing the desert without water.
Soon after, Hex once again meets Tellulah Black, and discovers that he has been missing for about a year, during which time another man with similar injuries to his own has taken on Hex's identity and has been using his notoriety to commit crimes and form his own gang.
In most of his stories, Jonah Hex displays no supernatural or superhuman powers; however, he does possess some exceptional abilities, acquired through a combination of talent and training.
He is extremely fast on the draw and can be seen in many stories gunning down multiple foes before any of them can get off a shot.
He is also a resourceful combatant, often relying on stealth, tricks, and improvised weapons and traps to defeat enemies akin to fellow DC Comics character Deathstroke (who is also blind in his right eye).
His reflexes are strong enough that he has proven to be faster on the draw than both Wild Bill Hickok and Batman.
He chooses these because they are single action revolvers like the ones he used in the Wild West, but he still manages to outshoot everybody armed with more modern weaponry.
Hex is an exceptional tracker, able to follow trails several days old through rain and mud in spite of his quarry's best efforts to cover their tracks.
This is not a supernatural ability: it is simply an instinct honed through years of experience in battle and hunting dangerous foes.
Jonah Hex has a reputation throughout the West as a ruthless and prolific killer, but like Batman, he is bound by a personal code of honor to protect and avenge the innocent.
Knowing that the infamous Jonah Hex is pursuing them often unnerves Hex's targets so badly that they make fatal mistakes, such as wasting ammunition, falling into traps, or turning and engaging Hex in a desperate stand-off.
Although Superman wasn't really killed, it was heavily implied because in that story arc, the only way for Superman and Batman to be transported to another timeline is for them to die.
Even though being skilled in throwing batarangs and disarming gunmen, Batman was still outdrawn by Hex, and Hex shoots him in the stomach.
In the live-action movie, due to him being brought back from the brink of death after being hung on a cross and tortured by Quentin Turnbull, he was able to raise the dead for a few moments and force them to speak truthfully, a power he never possessed in the comics.
The first and most notable of these to date was Quentin Turnbull, known at first as simply the man with the eagle-topped cane.
During the American Civil War, Jonah actually surrendered himself to the Union forces after the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation, but he refused to betray where his fellow soldiers were camped.
A Union soldier was able to determine the location of that camp by examining the dirt in the hooves of Jonah's horse.
The Union soldiers captured all of Jonah's fellow soldiers and then later massacred most of them, inexplicably choosing to frame Jonah as a turncoat.
Hex was hired by the United States Secret Service (actually a man hired by Turnbull to pose as a Secret Service agent) to infiltrate El Papagayo's band and bring him to justice.
Kanakaredes was born in Akron, Ohio, the daughter of Connie (née Temo), a candy company owner, and Harry Kanakaredes, an insurance salesman.
Son Volt is an American alternative rock and alternative country band, formed by Jay Farrar in 1994 after the breakup of Uncle Tupelo.
While half of the band was rooted in the Minneapolis area, Farrar and Heidorn lived in the St. Louis area, and the band used both cities as bases for its operations during the first couple of years.
The sessions reportedly went so well that Farrar and the other band members intended to record once again in the autumn of 2004.
Martin David Crowe (22 September 1962 – 3 March 2016) was a New Zealand former cricketer, Test and ODI captain as well as a commentator.
He played for the New Zealand national cricket team between 1982 and 1995, and is regarded as the country's greatest batsman.
Crowe made his first-class debut for Auckland at the age of 17, and his Test debut for New Zealand at the age of 19.
In a Test against Sri Lanka in 1991, he scored 299 runs, breaking the record for the highest score by a New Zealander.
In the same match, he also set a new record for the highest partnership in Test cricket, putting on 467 runs with Andrew Jones.
At the 1992 World Cup, which New Zealand co-hosted with Australia, Crowe was named the player of the tournament, and led his team to a semi-final.
By the time he finished his international career in 1995, he held the records for the most Test and One Day International (ODI) runs scored for New Zealand.
In 1968, Martin Crowe joined his father and brother at the Cornwall Cricket Club, with which he maintained a lifelong connection.
In 1981, having been named New Zealand's Young Cricketer of the Year, Crowe was given the opportunity to spend six months on the ground staff of Lord's, simultaneously playing for the Marylebone Cricket Club.
His career for Central Districts was limited by his international duties, but in 32 first-class appearances (from 1983 to 1990), he averaged 68.72, with 13 centuries.
Crowe's highest score for the team (and in all New Zealand domestic cricket) was 242, made against Otago in January 1990.
He had great success in his first County Championship season, finishing second behind Vic Marks in Somerset's averages and placing sixth for overall runs scored.
In that year's County Championship, he placed third in the overall averages (behind teammate Steve Waugh and Northamptonshire's Roger Harper), and also placed third for overall runs scored (behind Graeme Hick and Graeme Fowler).
Against Hampshire in the 1987 Benson & Hedges Cup (a limited-overs competition), he scored 155 not out from 119 balls, which was the highest one-day score of his career.
Crowe made his international debut for New Zealand in February 1982, in a One Day International (ODI) game against Australia played at Auckland's Eden Park.
At the 1983 World Cup in England, Crowe played in all six of his team's matches, with only Geoff Howarth scoring more runs.
The first came on a mid-year tour of the West Indies, with Crowe at the crease for 462 balls and over nine hours.
The second came in an end-of-year tour of Australia, in a match that was better known for Richard Hadlee's 15-wicket haul.
In a Test against the West Indies in February 1987, Crowe and John Wright put on 241 runs for the third wicket, setting a new third-wicket record for New Zealand.
He finished as New Zealand's leading run-scorer, making three half-centuries from six matches, although his team struggled (winning only against Zimbabwe).
In the first Test of the series, played in Wellington, Crowe scored 299 runs in his team's second innings, setting a new record for the highest score by a New Zealander.
Crowe and Andrew Jones (who scored 186) put on 467 runs for the third wicket, setting a new record for the highest partnership in Test cricket.
The pair helped New Zealand, behind by 323 runs on the first innings, to score 671/4 at the end of the final day's play, which at the time was the highest score in the third innings of a Test.
At the 1992 World Cup, which New Zealand co-hosted with Australia, Crowe finished as the tournament's leading run-scorer, and was named player of the tournament.
One of his highlights was an innings of 100 not out in the opening match against Australia, which New Zealand won by 37 runs.
They topped the table, qualifying for a home semi-final against the same team (their first finals appearance since the 1979 tournament).
Crowe chose to bat first, and scored 91 runs from 83 balls to help his team to a total of 262/7.
However, when Pakistan batted, he chose to stay off the field and rest an injured hamstring, with John Wright taking over on the field.
He had struggled with injuries for several years, and was replaced by Ken Rutherford to allow him to concentrate on his form.
He had a troubled relationship with the media throughout his captaincy, in one case using a press conference to confront a journalist who had published an article implying he had AIDS.
In his first series after giving up the captaincy, a 1994 tour of England, Crowe scored consecutive centuries, making 142 at Lord's and 115 at Old Trafford.
Crowe held the record for the most Test centuries by a New Zealander at the time, finishing with seventeen (including one against every Test-playing team but South Africa).
In the 1992 New Year Honours, Crowe was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to cricket.
He was inducted in a ceremony during the lunch break of New Zealand's win against Australia during the 2015 World Cup.
He was a board member of the South Sydney Rabbitohs Rugby League Football Club of which Russell Crowe is part owner.
He was roped in as the CEO of the management team of Royal Challengers Bangalore, a team in the Indian Premier League.
Midway through the season the owner Vijay Mallya expressed displeasure over the team and its performance in the league by sacking its bowling coach Venkatesh Prasad and mentor Charu Sharma blaming them for dismal team performance.
Later in October of the same year, Crowe parted ways with the team and brought in Ray Jennings, the former coach of the South African National Cricket Team as the head coach of the team.
Sources suggested that Mallya was unhappy with the team he had and held Crowe and his management team responsible for the debacle.
On 19 May 2011, Crowe commented on Twitter that he wanted to improve his fitness by setting a goal to play first-class cricket again.
Crowe took his first step to playing first-class cricket by playing at club level at the age of 49 (he was due to debut much earlier, but was delayed due to a groin injury).
He played for the Cornwall reserve grade team, captaining them and batting at No.3 against Papatoetoe in a second-division club match in Auckland, the same club where his father played grade cricket.
He blamed the illness on a failing immune system, which had been weakened by various illnesses picked up while touring the world in the 1980s and 1990s.
Crowe says he wore a 'mask' from the age of 22, due to high expectations, but at the age of 51 was happy to 'look at the real me'.
In 2014, Crowe announced that the lymphoma had returned and subsequently indicated that his chances of survival beyond 12 months were less than 5% and also of his wish to see the 2015 Cricket World Cup in February and March 2015.
They separated five years later, in 1996, and Crowe later entered into a relationship with Suzanne Taylor, with whom he had one daughter, Emma Crowe (born 2003).
As a captain, Crowe was known for his use of innovative techniques, most notably opening the bowling with a spinner, Dipak Patel, at the 1992 World Cup.
He often had highly developed bowling and fielding plans, regularly rotating his bowlers and changing his fields to put pressure on opposing batsmen.
The Joh for Canberra campaign, initially known as the Joh for PM campaign, was an attempt by Queensland National Party premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen to become Prime Minister of Australia.
The Australian Labor Party under Bob Hawke went on to win by an increased majority in the 1987 federal election, gaining its highest-ever number of seats.
Bjelke-Petersen came under increasing scrutiny as the Fitzgerald Inquiry gained traction, and was forced out of politics altogether in December 1987.
Although he came close to being ousted from office in 1970, he went on to become the longest-serving premier in Queensland history, and was returned to office convincingly in several elections in the early 1980s.
In 1983 and 1984, he had communicated his interest in challenging what he saw as a dangerous push towards socialism within the Hawke Labor Government.
After the state Liberal Party walked out of the Coalition a few months before the 1983 Queensland state election (the National Party was traditionally the senior partner in the non-Labor Coalition in Queensland), Bjelke-Petersen played up fears of a Labor-Liberal coalition and led the Nationals to 41 seats in the 82-seat Legislative Assembly of Queensland—one short of a majority.
He then persuaded two Liberals to cross the floor and join the Nationals, allowing them to govern in their own right for the first time.
At the next election in 1986, the Nationals won an outright majority for the only time, winning a record 55% of the seats in Queensland parliament.
The idea of Bjelke-Petersen becoming prime minister was first explicitly discussed with him by Gold Coast businessmen Brian Ray and Mike Gore, in autumn 1986—not long after his comprehensive state election victory.
In the 1984 federal election, the National Party had polled only 10.63% of the vote and won 21 seats, compared to 45 for the Liberal Party and 82 for Labor.
In 1987, John Howard and Ian Sinclair were poised to lead the Liberal and National parties respectively into the 1987 election against Bob Hawke.
Bjelke-Petersen believed that Howard and Sinclair had drifted too far from their conservative principles and stood no chance of defeating the Labor government in the election.
This momentum gave Bjelke-Petersen a feeling of invulnerability and the mistaken belief that the dynamics of Queensland politics could be replicated at a federal level.
Bjelke-Petersen's candidacy rested on his promotion of a 25% flat tax rate for all Australians irrespective of income, a proposal that drew the support of Queensland businessmen and those on the right of politics.
Bjelke-Petersen identified restricting the power of unions, reversing Aboriginal land rights decisions and promoting states' rights as other goals of his campaign.
Ironically, before Bjelke-Petersen began his ill-fated run for the office of prime minister, Bob Hawke and Labor stood a very serious chance of losing government, deflated by the ill-fated attempt to introduce the unpopular Australia Card, the failed 'tax summit' (designed to gain support for federal treasurer Paul Keating's proposed consumption tax), and declining terms of trade.
It was speculated that Bjelke-Petersen would run for a federal seat in Queensland, with Wide Bay and Fairfax being singled out as possibilities.
The campaign identified thirteen marginal Labor seats and eight marginal Liberal seats that it believed were viable targets for Bjelke-Petersen and The Nationals.
A peculiar irony of Bjelke-Petersen's run for federal office was that his appeal had always rested on his claim to represent Queensland's interests in the face of a hostile federal political system.
The most significant political figure to openly back Bjelke-Petersen's campaign was Tasmanian premier Robin Gray, who enjoyed a strong personal rapport with Bjelke-Petersen.
Key Liberal Party figures like Andrew Peacock also sympathised with Bjelke-Petersen's run for office, but failed to sever their ties with the federal Coalition.
According to Siracusa, Bjelke-Petersen had intended on a partnership whereby Bjelke-Petersen would become prime minister with Peacock as his deputy, though the fine details and practical considerations of this plan were never considered.
Within the Queensland National Party, the party president Sir Robert Sparkes enforced support for Bjelke-Petersen, making practical opposition within the Queensland ranks unlikely.
The formal notice approving Bjelke-Petersen's run for the prime ministership was passed by a Queensland National Party Central Council in February 1987.
Despite their success in the Queensland branch, Bjelke-Petersen and his newly independent Nationals faction received a humiliating setback in the Northern Territory election on 2 March, with the National Party failing to achieve much success despite Bjelke-Petersen's patronage and the Country Liberals continuing to dominate the territory.
The Coalition split in early May, with Ian Sinclair looking increasingly impotent and unable to ensure the loyalty of National Party members.
With his pool of supporters steadily decreasing, an effective challenge to the federal Coalition from Bjelke-Petersen began to look more and more unlikely.
In the federal election, Labor performed exceptionally well in Queensland, gaining four seats to bring their Queensland tally to 13 of 24 seats.
Although Bjelke-Petersen had withdrawn from the nationwide contest, the National Party still ran against the Liberals in many seats, and ran independent Senate tickets in every state except New South Wales.
The federal National Party suffered a net loss of two seats, failing to expand upon its traditional rural base and hampered by disunity within its ranks.
In addition to a large number of three-cornered contests, many of the practices that had worked so well for Bjelke-Petersen over the last 19 years backfired on him.
Many swing voters outside of Queensland, alarmed at the prospect of Bjelke-Petersen holding the balance of power, opted to vote Labor in order to ensure that the Coalition would be defeated.
In an interview recorded in the aftermath of the election loss, Bjelke-Petersen insisted that he did not bear any of the blame for the result, and that the only thing he had to apologise for was withdrawing from the contest.
Nonetheless, Sparkes' profile continued to grow in Queensland, and he was comfortably re-elected as head of the Queensland National Party in late 1987.
Bjelke-Petersen went on to state that his internal polling suggested that, had he remained in the race, he would have been very competitive.
The Fitzgerald Inquiry into corruption in Queensland began on 26 May 1987 and quickly implicated several high-ranking members of the National Party.
The charges moved steadily up the ranks of the National Party and soon came to implicate Bjelke-Petersen, who was accused of systemic corruption and would later narrowly avoid a conviction for perjury.
Bjelke-Petersen's attempts to maintain his stranglehold on the National Party came to nothing, with senior ministers soon manoeuvring to remove him from office.
In less than a year, he had gone from the apex of his political success to ruin—a surprisingly rapid decline given his long dominance of Queensland politics.
The Queensland Nationals never recovered from the revelations of rampant corruption in the Bjelke-Petersen government, and were resoundingly defeated by the ALP in the 1989 state election, suffering the worst defeat of a sitting government in Queensland history at the time.
Much has been made of the sense of grandeur and self-delusion that seemed to pervade Bjelke-Petersen's attempt to run for federal office, and the role that Bjelke-Petersen's personality played in shaping the campaign.
At the time of the campaign, Bjelke-Petersen was 75 and was eager to make a permanent mark on Australian politics before his retirement from public life.
While many historians have been damning about Joh Bjelke-Petersen and his legacy, they have also acknowledged the appeal he held in his home state.
In Queensland, Bjelke-Petersen had successfully built a coalition of religious conservatives, rural voters and business interests that could be relied upon for support.
Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links that provide a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction.
The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential stories.
The term can also be used to describe traditionally-published books in which a nonlinear narrative and interactive narrative is achieved through internal references.
In a novel the reader has no choice, the plot and the characters are all chosen by the author, there is no 'user,' just a 'reader,' this is important because it entails that the person working their way through the novel is not an active participant.
In a game, the person makes decisions and decides what actions to take, what punches to punch, or when to jump.
To Espen Aarseth, cybertext is not a genre in itself; in order to classify traditions, literary genres and aesthetic value, texts should be examined at a more local level.
If ergodic literature is to make sense as a concept, there must also be nonergodic literature, where the effort to traverse the text is trivial, with no extranoematic responsibilities placed on the reader except (for example) eye movement and the periodic or arbitrary turning of pages.
The first hypertext fictions were published prior to the development of the World Wide Web, using software such as Storyspace and HyperCard.
It consists of an associated multi-modal collection of nodes includes linked text, still and moving images, manipulable images, animations, and sound clips.
The internationally oriented, but US based, Electronic Literature Organization (ELO) was founded in 1999 to promote the creation and enjoyment of electronic literature.
Other organisations for the promotion of electronic literature include trAce Online Writing Community, a British organisation, started in 1995, that has fostered electronic literature in the UK, Dichtung Digital, a journal of criticism of electronic literature in English and German, and ELINOR, a network for electronic literature in the Nordic countries, which provides a directory of Nordic electronic literature.
Unlike traditional fiction, the reader is not constrained by reading the fiction from start to end, depending on the choices they make.
In this sense, it is similar to an encyclopaedia, with the reader reading a node and then choosing a link to follow.
Arborescent fictions branch into mutually exclusive story lines, and networked fictions have multiple starting points and do not always have a set ending.
In 2013, Wired published an article to describe why hypertext fiction did not become popular; it was because the non-linear stories are difficult to write, since each section of the work would need to introduce characters or concepts.
However, hypertext is widely used to tell linear stories on the Internet by using hypertext links to other articles or arguments that are written by different people.
Like other nuthatches, it feeds on insects in the bark of trees, foraging on the trunks and branches and their strongly clawed toes allow them to climb down tree trunks or move on the undersides of horizontal branches.
They are found in forests with good tree cover and are often found along with other species in mixed-species foraging flocks.
The bill is red, and there is a black patch on the forehead and lores which is well developed in adults and less so in younger birds.
Adult males can be told apart by the black superciliary stripe that runs above the eye and over the head, towards the nape.
Like other nuthatches they have strongly curved claws that allow them to climb down vertical tree trunks, unlike species such as woodpeckers that only work their way upwards.
It is an active feeder on insects and spiders, gleaned on the bark of the trunk and branches, and may be found in mixed feeding flocks with other passerines.
The breeding season on northern India is in summer, April to June and January to May in southern India and Sri Lanka.
The Lotha Naga people will hunt many birds for food but the velvet-fronted nuthatch is generally proscribed due to the belief that killing them would bring misfortune to the hunter.
The birds forage in flocks and members are believed to stay on nearby if one is killed, and according to the Lothas, they will wait to be killed and the hunter would soon see people around him die in quick succession one after another.
Jorge Castañeda Gutman (born May 24, 1953) is a Mexican politician and academic who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs (2000–2003).
His father was Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1979–1982), during the administration of José López Portillo.
from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in Economic History from the University of Paris (Panthéon-La Sorbonne) he worked as a professor at several universities, including the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the University of California, Berkeley, Princeton University, New York University, and the University of Cambridge.
Its main theme is a shift from politics based on the Cuban Revolution to politics based on broad-based new social movements, from armed revolutions to elections.
Castañeda's political career began as a member of the Mexican Communist Party but he has since moved to the political center.
He served as an advisor to Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas during his (failed) presidential campaign in 1988 and advised Vicente Fox during his (successful) presidential campaign in 2000.
Following a number of disagreements with other cabinet members Castañeda left the post in January 2003 and began traveling around the country, giving lectures and promoting his ideas.
In July 2003, United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed him to the United Nations Commission on the Private Sector and Development, which was co-chaired by Prime Minister Paul Martin of Canada and former President Ernesto Zedillo of Mexico.
On March 25, 2004, Castañeda officially announced his presidential campaign by means of a prime-time campaign advertisement carried in all major Mexican television stations.
In 2004, Castañeda started to seek Court authorization to run in the country's 2006 presidential election without the endorsement of any of the registered political parties.
The ruling essentially put an end to Castañeda's bid to run as an independent candidate; however, soon after this ruling he took his case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in order to defend his political rights; as of 2008, the case is pending before the IACHR.
In 2014, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon appointed Castañeda as co-chair of a commission of inquiry to investigate human rights abuses in the Central African Republic, alongside Fatimata M'Baye and Bernard Acho Muna; within two months, however, Castañeda resigned from the position.
In 2009, he published a theory about the 2009 dismissals by Raúl Castro, suggesting that Hugo Chávez was plotting a coup in Cuba due to concerns that Raul Castro would make concessions that would betray the Cuban Revolution.
A light snow had begun falling at the start of the competition, and by the time Bogataj was ready for his third jump on the Heini Klopfer hill, the snow had become quite heavy.
He attempted to lower his center of gravity and stop his jump, but instead lost his balance completely and rocketed out of control off the end of the inrun, tumbling and flipping wildly, and crashing through a light retaining fence near a crowd of spectators before coming to a halt.
The melodrama of the narration—which became a catchphrase in the US—transformed the uncredited ski jumper into an American icon of bad luck and misfortune.
He received the loudest ovation of any athlete introduced at the gala, and attendees such as Muhammad Ali asked him for his autograph.
Bogataj returned to ski jumping in 1971 but never duplicated the success he had before the crash and retired from the sport competitively, save for occasional senior competitions thereafter.
During his career, his best career finish was 57th in the individual normal hill competition in Bischofshofen in 1969 during that year's Four Hills Tournament.
Robert Gray Gallager (born May 29, 1931) is an American electrical engineer known for his work on information theory and communications networks.
He was elected an IEEE Fellow in 1968, a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1979, a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1992, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) in 1999.
For most of his career he was a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He was a member of the technical staff at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1953–1954 and then served in the U.S. Signal Corps 1954–1956.
He has been a faculty member at MIT since 1960 where he was co-director of the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems from 1986 to 1998, was named Fujitsu Professor in 1988, and became Professor Emeritus in 2001.
He was a visiting associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1965 and a visiting professor at the École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications, Paris, in 1978.
This paper won an IEEE Information Theory Society Golden-Jubilee Paper Award in 1998 and its subject matter is a very active area of research today.
His work (along with fellow-MIT faculty member Dave Forney) on quadrature amplitude modulation led to the 9600 bit/s modems that provided Codex's commercial success.
In the mid-1970s, Gallager's research focus shifted to data networks, focusing on distributed algorithms, routing, congestion control, and random access techniques.
Over the years, Gallager has taught and mentored many graduate students, many of whom are now themselves leading researchers in their fields.
Gallager was President of the IEEE Information Theory Society in 1971, a member of its board of governors from 1965 to 1972 and again from 1979 to 1988.
He served the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory as associate editor for coding 1963–1964 and as associate editor for computer communications from 1977 to 1980.
He was chairman of the advisory committee to the National Science Foundation Division on Networking and Communication Research and Infrastructure from 1989 to 1992, and has been on numerous visiting committees for electrical engineering and computer science departments.
Blue Beetle is the name of three fictional superheroes who appear in a number of American comic books published by a variety of companies since 1939.
The most recent of the companies to own rights to the Blue Beetle is DC Comics who bought the rights to the character in 1983, using the name for three distinct characters over the years.
The second Blue Beetle was created by Charlton and later taken over by DC Comics, the successor to Dan Garrett known as Ted Kord.
He became a member of the Justice League of America and was later killed during DC Comics' Infinite Crisis cross over.
The third Blue Beetle, created by DC Comics, is Jaime Reyes, a teenager who discovered that the original Blue Beetle scarab morphed into a battle suit allowing him to fight crime and travel in space.
Blue Beetle starred in a comic book series, comic strip and radio serial, but like most Golden Age superheroes, he fell into obscurity in the 1950s.
The comic book series saw a number of anomalies in publication: 19 issues, #12 through #30, were published through Holyoke Publishing; no issue #43 was published; publication frequency varied throughout the run; and there were gaps where issues were not published, with large ones occurring in early 1947 and between mid-1948 and early 1950.
With the rest of the Charlton line-up, he was sold to DC Comics in 1983 and appeared with several incarnations of the Justice League.
In 2006, DC introduced a new Blue Beetle, teenager Jaime Reyes, whose powers are derived from the scarab, now revealed as a piece of advanced alien technology.
After three fill-in issues, Matt Sturges became the main writer in issue #29, but the series was cancelled with issue #36.
In the first story in this issue, Ted Kord fought a bogus Dan Garrett, but the second story was more significant.
This Beetle was archaeologist Dan Garrett, who obtained a number of superhuman powers (including super strength and vision, flight, and the ability to generate energy blasts) from a mystical scarab he found during a dig in Egypt, where it had been used to imprison an evil mummified Pharaoh.
The replacement Blue Beetle created by Charlton Comics, and later published by Americomics and DC Comics, is Ted Kord, a former student of Dan Garrett, a genius-level inventor and a gifted athlete.
Kord and Garrett were investigating Kord's Uncle Jarvis when they learned Jarvis was working to create an army of androids to take over Earth.
As he died, he passed on to Kord the responsibility of being Blue Beetle, but was unable to pass on the mystical scarab.
Blue Beetle discovered a renewed Checkmate organization led by Maxwell Lord, with a database containing information on every metahuman on Earth.
Before dying, he had used the scarab in an attempt to contact Shazam, but was forced to leave it with the wizard Shazam in the Rock of Eternity when the wizard sent him back to Earth.
Some time later, Booster Gold, along with Jaime, Dan, and the Black Beetle in the guise of a Blue Beetle from the future, travels back in time to rescue Kord moments before his death.
Jaime Reyes is a teenager who lives in El Paso, Texas, with his father, mother, and little sister; his father owns a garage and his mother is a nurse.
He later becomes a member of the Teen Titans, and is good friends with Rose Wilson (Ravager), Robin, Static, and others.
The Blue Beetle scarab, previously shown as an artifact of magic, is later retconned as a tool of war of the Reach, an ancient race of cosmic marauders.
After being defeated by the Guardians of the Universe thousands of years ago and forced into a truce, the Reach poses as benevolent aliens lending their advanced technology to budding civilizations.
The scarab is a gift for that world's champion, giving him amazing powers and the knowledge of the Reach to protect his or her peers.
However, the Blue Beetle Scarab is damaged and so instead of it controlling the host, it forms a symbiotic relationship with them.
Fate appears in the lab to warn Kord that the scarab is not an alien device, but it is instead magic.
He would be shown later in the title in a suit of armor powered by the then-mystic scarab, working with Batman's team.
In the novelization of the series, Batman thinks of Blue Beetle, along with Green Arrow and Black Canary, as his closest (at the time) friends.
An evil version has appeared in the antimatter universe of Qward, the universe of the Crime Syndicate of America, known as the Scarab.
Motion picture and radio actor Frank Lovejoy was the Blue Beetle for the first 13 episodes, while for the rest of the shows, the voice was provided by a different, uncredited actor.
Geoff Johns announced on his Twitter account that there is a live action screen test of Jaime Reyes as the Blue Beetle.
The Government of India (ISO: ), often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of twenty eight states and nine union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic.
Modelled after the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary, in which all powers are vested by the constitution in the prime minister, parliament and the supreme court.
The President of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces whilst the elected prime minister acts as the head of the executive, and is responsible for running the union government.
The parliament is bicameral in nature, with the Lok Sabha being the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha the upper house.
The judiciary systematically contains an apex supreme court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the supreme court.
The basic civil and criminal laws governing the citizens of India are set down in major parliamentary legislation, such as the civil procedure code, the penal code, and the criminal procedure code.
The legal system as applicable to the union and individual state governments is based on the English Common and Statutory Law.
India and Bharat are equally official short names for the Republic of India in the Constitution, and both names appears on legal banknotes, in treaties and in legal cases.
The powers of the legislature in India are exercised by the Parliament, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha.
Of the two houses of parliament, the Rajya Sabha is considered to be the upper house or the Council of States and consists of members appointed by the president and elected by the state and territorial legislatures.
The parliament does not have complete control and sovereignty, as its laws are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Court.
The members of the cabinet, including the prime minister, are either chosen from parliament or elected thereto within six months of assuming office.
The Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can be dissolved only when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house.
The executive of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy.
The president is to act in accordance with aid and advice tendered by the prime minister, who leads the council of ministers as described in Article 74 of the Constitution of India.
If a president were to dismiss the council of ministers on his or her own initiative, it might trigger a constitutional crisis.
Thus, in practice, the council of ministers cannot be dismissed as long as it holds the support of a majority in the Lok Sabha.
The president, as the head of state, also receives the credentials of ambassadors from other countries, whilst the prime minister, as head of government, receives credentials of high commissioners from other members of the Commonwealth, in line with historical tradition.
The President of India can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person for one time, particularly in cases involving punishment of death.
The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the president are independent of the opinion of the prime minister or the Lok Sabha majority.
The vice president represents the nation in the absence of the president and takes charge as acting president in the incident of resignation impeachment or removal of the president.
The vice president is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both the houses of the parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by the election commission.
The Prime Minister of India, as addressed in the Constitution of India, is the chief of the government, chief adviser to the president, head of the council of ministers and the leader of the majority party in the parliament.
The prime minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet; allocates posts to members within the Government; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet and is responsible for bringing a proposal of legislation.
The prime minister is appointed by the president to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive.
The cabinet is headed by the prime minister, and is advised by the Cabinet Secretary, who also acts as the head of the Indian Administrative Service and other civil services.
Other ministers are either as union cabinet ministers, who are heads of the various ministries; or ministers of state, who are junior members who report directly to one of the cabinet ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government; or ministers of state (independent charges), who do not report to a cabinet minister.
A secretary to the Government of India, a civil servant, generally an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, is the administrative head of the ministry or department, and is the principal adviser to the minister on all matters of policy and administration within the ministry/department.
At the lower level, there are section officers, assistant section officers, upper division clerks, lower division clerks and other secretarial staff.
In the parliamentary democracy of India, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people which are the ministers.
These ministers are accountable to the legislatures which are also elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage.
The Supreme Court of India consists of the chief justice and 30 associate justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of the Chief Justice of India.
The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of India, high courts at the state level, and district courts and sessions courts at the district level.
The supreme court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review.
Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals.
The law declared by the supreme court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments.
In addition, Article 32 of the constitution gives an extensive original jurisdiction to the supreme court in regard to enforcing fundamental rights.
The supreme court has been conferred with power to direct transfer of any civil or criminal case from one state high court to another state high court, or from a court subordinate to another state high court and the supreme court.
Although the proceedings in the supreme court arise out of the judgment or orders made by the subordinate courts, of late the supreme court has started entertaining matters in which interest of the public at large is involved.
At the national level, the head of government, the prime minister, is appointed by the President of India from the party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha.
The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected for a term of five years by universal adult suffrage through a first-past-the-post voting system.
Members of the Rajya Sabha, which represents the states, are elected by the members of State legislative assemblies by proportional representation, except for 12 members who are nominated by the president.
Lower house is elected with 5 years term, while in upper house 1/3 of the total members in the house gets elected every 2 years with 6-year term.
The local governments are empowered by the state government to levy property tax and charge users for public utilities like water supply, sewage etc.
More than half of the revenues of the union and state governments come from taxes, of which 3/4 come from direct taxes.
The non-tax revenues of the central government come from fiscal services, interest receipts, public sector dividends, etc., while the non-tax revenues of the States are grants from the central government, interest receipts, dividends and income from general, economic and social services.
The Finance minister of India usually presents the annual union budget in the parliament on the last working day of February.
The budget has to be passed by the Lok Sabha before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's fiscal year.
Interest payments are the single largest item of expenditure and accounted for more than 40% of the total non-development expenditure in the 2003–04 budget.
Defense expenditure increased fourfold during the same period and has been increasing because of India's desire to project its military prowess beyond South Asia.
Several ministers are accused of corruption and nearly a quarter of the 543 elected members of parliament had been charged with crimes, including murder, in 2009.
Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved high level government officials, including cabinet ministers and chief ministers, such as the 2010 Commonwealth Games scam (), the Adarsh Housing Society scam, the Coal Mining Scam (), the mining scandal in Karnataka and the cash for vote scandal.
Thomas Corwin (July 29, 1794 – December 18, 1865), also known as Tom Corwin, The Wagon Boy, and Black Tom was a politician from the state of Ohio.
He represented Ohio in both houses of Congress and served as the 15th Governor of Ohio and the 20th Secretary of the Treasury.
Corwin is best known for his sponsorship of the proposed Corwin Amendment, which was presented in an unsuccessful attempt to avoid the oncoming American Civil War.
He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1830 to 1840, resigning from Congress to take office as Ohio's governor.
He was defeated for re-election in 1842 but was elected by the state legislature to the United States Senate in 1844.
Corwin's cousin Moses Bledso Corwin was a United States Congressman from Ohio, and his nephew Franklin Corwin was a United States Congressman from Illinois.
In 1815, he began study of law in the offices of Joshua Collett, He was admitted to the bar in 1817, commencing practice in Lebanon; he was prosecuting attorney of Warren County from 1818 to 1828.
As a Freemason, he served the Grand Lodge of Ohio as Grand Orator in 1821 and 1826, Deputy Grand Master in 1823 and 1827 and Grand Master in 1828.
From 1822 to 1823, and in 1829, Corwin was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, where he made a spirited speech against the introduction of the whipping post into Ohio.
In 1830 he was elected as a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation, effective May 30, 1840, having become a candidate for the office of Governor of Ohio.
Corwin was also a member of the United States Senate, having been elected by the Ohio General Assembly as a Whig and served from March 4, 1845, to July 20, 1850.
As a legislator he spoke seldom, but always with great ability, his most famous speech being one given on February 11, 1847, opposing the Mexican–American War.
He resigned from the Senate to become President Millard Fillmore's Secretary of the Treasury shortly after the death of President Zachary Taylor.
Like his immediate predecessor, William M. Meredith, Corwin believed in a protective tariff, but he did not want to make sudden or drastic changes in the free-trade tariff law of 1846.
In 1857, former Ohio Governor William Bebb shot a man and was tried in 1858 for manslaughter in Winnebago County, Illinois, where he lived.
He was again elected to the House of Representatives in 1858, this time as a Republican and a member of the 36th Congress.
To that end, he sponsored a proposed Constitutional Amendment, which later became known as the Corwin Amendment, which forbade the Federal Government from outlawing slavery.
Corwin's amendment restated what most Americans already believed, that under the Constitution the Congress had no power to interfere with slavery in the states where it existed.
This doctrine is known as the Federal Consensus, and it was subscribed to by everyone from proslavery radicals like John C. Calhoun and abolitionist radicals like William Lloyd Garrison.
Corwin was reelected to the House of Representatives in 1860 but resigned on March 12, 1861, after being appointed by the newly inaugurated President Lincoln to become Minister to Mexico, where he served until 1864.
Corwin, well regarded among the Mexican public for his opposition to the Mexican–American War while in the Senate, helped keep relations with the Mexicans friendly throughout the course of the Civil War, despite Confederate efforts to sway their allegiances.
After resigning from his post as Minister, Corwin settled in Washington, D.C. in 1864, and practiced law until his death on December 18, 1865, at age 71.
Narrative structure is a literary element generally described as the structural framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer.
The setup (act one) is where all of the main characters and their basic situations are introduced, and contains the primary level of characterization (exploring the character's backgrounds and personalities).
The second act, the conflict, is the bulk of the story, and begins when the inciting incident (or catalyst) sets things into motion.
This is the part of the story where the characters go through major changes in their lives as a result of what is happening; this can be referred to as the character arc, or character development.
The third act, or resolution, is when the problem in the story boils over, forcing the characters to confront it, allowing all the elements of the story to come together and inevitably leading to the ending.
First described in ancient times by Greek philosophers (such as Aristotle and Plato), the notion of narrative structure saw renewed popularity as a critical concept in the mid-to-late-20th century, when structuralist literary theorists including Roland Barthes, Vladimir Propp, Joseph Campbell, and Northrop Frye attempted to argue that all human narratives have certain universal, deep structural elements in common.
This argument fell out of fashion when advocates of poststructuralism such as Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida asserted that such universally shared, deep structures were logically impossible.
The chapters of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's novel Before We Visit the Goddess are not arranged based on the linear sequence of events, but rather in a way that fulfills certain literary techniques.
This allows the characters in the novel to have a believable life timeline while still employing the techniques that make a story enjoyable.
In works of interactive narration there is only one narrative but the method of delivery requires the user to actively work to gain the next piece of the narrative, or have to piece the parts of narrative that they have together in order to form a coherent narrative.
A player will be required to reach an objective, complete a task, solve a puzzle, or finish a level before the narrative continues.
An interactive narrative is one which is composed with a branching structure where a single starting point may lead to multiple developments and outcomes.
The principle of all such games is that, at each step of the narrative, the user makes choices that advance the story, leading to new series of choices.
In a gamebook, readers are told to turn to a certain page according to the choice they wish to make to continue the story.
For example, the hero hears a noise in another room and must decide to open the door and investigate, run away, or call for help.
This kind of interactive experience of a story is possible with video games and books (where the reader is free to turn the pages) but less adapted to other forms of entertainment.
This fourth stage may also show how the original situation has changed due to what has taken place in the Complication and Resolution stages of the narrative.
For instance, such a story may begin with the Denouement and then present the Situation, Complication, and Resolution in a flashback.
Before working on his weekly newsletter, Hoefler was a publicist and reporter for Fairchild Publications, McGraw-Hill, RCA Corp. and Fairchild Semiconductor.
Probst was born at the Wesley Medical Center in Wichita, Kansas to Jerry and Barbara Probst, and grew up primarily in Bellevue, Washington.
After graduating from Newport High School in 1979, he attended Seattle Pacific University and worked at Boeing Motion Picture/Television studio as a producer and narrator of marketing videos.
It follows the story of Vanessa, Buzz, Carter, and Jane as they are left on a deserted island and forced to fend for themselves.
It started out as a regular vacation but when a storm sets in, the kids are shipwrecked in the middle of the South Pacific without any parents.
Through this marriage, Probst is a stepfather to Russell's two children, son Michael (born in 2004) and daughter Ava (born in 2006), from her former marriage to actor Mark-Paul Gosselaar.
Probst has stated that he and his wife amicably share custody with Gosselaar and his second wife, and that the children consider all four to be parents.
By a line from the Southwestern extreme of Celebes (), through the Southern point of Tana Keke, to the Southern extreme of Laoet () thence up the West coast of that island to Tanjong Kiwi and thence across to Tanjong Petang, Borneo () at the Southern end of Laoet Strait.
1 in F minor (Opus 10) by Dmitri Shostakovich was written in 1924–1925, and first performed in Leningrad by the Leningrad Philharmonic under Nikolai Malko on 12 May 1926.
While Shostakovich wrote this piece as his graduation exercise from Maximilian Steinberg's composition class, some of the material may have dated from considerably earlier.
When the composer's aunt, Nadezhda Galli-Shohat, first heard the work at its American premiere by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra, she recognised in it many fragments she had heard young Mitya play as a child.
The immediate parallel to the 19-year-old composer presenting his first symphony was Alexander Glazunov, himself a child prodigy who had his First Symphony performed at an even younger age.
He also arranged for the premiere of Shostakovich's symphony, which took place 44 years after Glazunov's First Symphony had first been presented in the same hall.
It displays an interesting and characteristic combination of liveliness and wit on the one hand, and drama and tragedy on the other.
The transparent and chamber-like orchestration of the First Symphony is in quite a contrast to the complex and sophisticated Mahlerian orchestrations found in many of his later symphonies, and the assurance with which the composer imagines, then realises large-scale structure, is as impressive as his vigour and freshness of gesture.
Because, like Glazunov, Shostakovich was still a teenager when he wrote his First Symphony, it is only natural that some critics compare it with Glazunov's First Symphony.
However, while Shostakovich shows a considerable amount of inner resource, Glazunov falls back on the musical procedures of the Nationalists, such as Borodin and Rimsky-Korsakov.
While Shostakovich reveals a large debt to the Russian symphonic tradition, it is the vital spiritual experience being conveyed that stands out, not the formulative influences in his style.
Because of the traditionalist mindset of the Conservatory, Shostakovich did not discover the music of Igor Stravinsky until his late teens.
The effect of hearing this music was instant and radical, with Stravinsky's compositions continuing to hold a considerable influence over Shostakovich.
Because the plot in Stravinsky's ballet chronicled the doomed antics of an animated puppet, it would have reflected his observations on the mechanical aspects of human behaviour and appealed directly to the satirist in him.
The idea of human beings as machines or marionettes, with their free wills bound by biology and behaviorism, was a theme very much in vogue.
At the end of the second movement, Shostakovich unveils his biggest surprise by turning the tone of the symphony, suddenly and without warning, from pathos and satire to tragedy.
The influence likewise changes from Stravinsky to Tchaikovsky and Mahler, with Shostakovich showing that for a teenage composer he has much to say, and much of astonishing depth.
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution.
It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution which in SI units is milligrams per litre (mg/L).
COD is useful in terms of water quality by providing a metric to determine the effect an effluent will have on the receiving body, much like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
The basis for the COD test is that nearly all organic compounds can be fully oxidized to carbon dioxide with a strong oxidizing agent under acidic conditions.
Dichromate, the oxidizing agent for COD determination, does not oxidize ammonia into nitrate, so nitrification is not included in the standard COD test.
Most commonly, a 0.25 N solution of potassium dichromate is used for COD determination, although for samples with COD below 50 mg/L, a lower concentration of potassium dichromate is preferred.
In the process of oxidizing the organic substances found in the water sample, potassium dichromate is reduced (since in all redox reactions, one reagent is oxidized and the other is reduced), forming Cr.
The amount of Cr is determined after oxidization is complete, and is used as an indirect measure of the organic contents of the water sample.
For all organic matter to be completely oxidized, an excess amount of potassium dichromate (or any oxidizing agent) must be present.
Once oxidation is complete, the amount of excess potassium dichromate must be measured to ensure that the amount of Cr can be determined with accuracy.
To do so, the excess potassium dichromate is titrated with ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) until all of the excess oxidizing agent has been reduced to Cr.
The amount of ferrous ammonium sulfate added is equivalent to the amount of excess potassium dichromate added to the original sample.
Note: Ferroin indicator is bright red from commercially prepared sources, but when added to a digested sample containing potassium dichromate it exhibits a green hue.
During the titration the color of the indicator changes from a green hue to a bright blue hue to a reddish brown upon reaching the endpoint.
A solution of 1.485 g 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate is added to a solution of 695 mg FeSO·7HO in distilled water, and the resulting red solution is diluted to 100 mL.
The table also lists chemicals that may be used to eliminate such interference, and the compounds formed when the inorganic molecule is eliminated.
Many governments impose strict regulations regarding the maximum chemical oxygen demand allowed in waste water before they can be returned to the environment.
For example, in Switzerland, a maximum oxygen demand between 200 and 1000 mg/L must be reached before waste water or industrial water can be returned to the environment .
Potassium permanganate's effectiveness at oxidizing organic compounds varied widely, and in many cases biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measurements were often much greater than results from COD measurements.
This indicated that potassium permanganate was not able to effectively oxidize all organic compounds in water, rendering it a relatively poor oxidizing agent for determining COD.
Of these, potassium dichromate (KCrO) has been shown to be the most effective: it is relatively cheap, easy to purify, and is able to nearly completely oxidize almost all organic compounds.
In these methods, a fixed volume with a known excess amount of the oxidant is added to a sample of the solution being analyzed.
After a refluxing digestion step, the initial concentration of organic substances in the sample is calculated from a titrimetric or spectrophotometric determination of the oxidant still remaining in the sample.
In the US the IUPAC naming conventions for inorganic compounds are taught at high school, but not as a 'required' part of the curriculum.
The situation is confusing because of the similarity in name between phosphite and phosphate (a major plant nutrient and fertilizer ingredient), and controversial because phosphites have sometimes been advertised as fertilizers, even though they are converted to phosphate too slowly to serve as a plant's main phosphorus source.
Lemoynie and others have described this complicated situation and noted that calling phosphites fertilizers avoided the regulatory complication and negative public perceptions that might have been incurred by registering them as fungicides.
Graham Cyril Russell (born 11 June 1950) is an English musician, songwriter, and singer/guitarist of the soft rock duo Air Supply.
Self-taught, he learned to play guitar and percussion alone and, after the loss of his mother in childhood, he became a loner and thereby found in music and poems a way to express his loss and his emotions.
He attended the Carlton-Le-Willows, a technical school in Gedling, Nottingham, where his love for literature and the great English poets only grew further, fueled by study and also an interest that developed on the arts of the paranormal and occult sciences, highlighted by the works of writers Shelley, Keats, and Lord Byron.
In 1963, the music of The Beatles was a strong influence that marked his life that year, and after watching a live show in 1964, Russell decided that he wanted to be a musician.
Russell joined a band called Union Blues in 1965, where he played percussion, but really wanted to play his own songs in front of the stage.
In 1968, he moved to Australia and formed a second band in Melbourne, and began to also play solo in cafes and dance clubs, gaining ground on the Australian circuit.
They would sing Beatles songs together during and after shows and this would eventually lead them to form the band Air Supply.
In 1981, Russell met Jodi Varble on a show, and after two years in which they exchanged correspondence, decided to get together and married in 1986, when Jodi was 21 and Russell was 36.
At the age of 20, Hitchcock obtained a job at a computer company where he continued work for three years, before being promoted and transferred to Sydney.
After the band took a break in 1987, Hitchcock released several solo singles followed by his self-titled solo debut album in 1988.
A siddha is an individual who, through the practice of sādhanā, attains the realization of siddhis, psychic and spiritual abilities and powers.
Philosophically this movement was based on the insights revealed in the Mahayana Sutras and as systematized in the Madhyamaka and Chittamatrin schools of philosophy, but the methods of meditation and practice were radically different than anything seen in the monasteries.
Thereafter the pupil is free to pursue the practice of strenuous meditation and physical self-control, and after five years or more he will perhaps succeed.
These he wears on those set occasions, the eighth or fifteenth day of the dark-fortnight, when perfected yogins and yoginis come together, to consume the flesh and wine, to sing and dance, and realize their consummation of bliss.
He is free from all conventions and wanders as he pleases, knowing no distinction between friend or foe, clean or unclean, good or evil.
In many instances more than one siddha with the same name exists, so it must be assumed that fewer than thirty siddhas of the two traditions actually relate to the same historical persons.
In the days when the siddhas of the later Tibetan traditions flourished in India (i.e., between the 9th and 11th centuries), it was not uncommon for initiates to assume the names of famous adepts of the past.
Sometimes a disciple would have the same name as his guru, while still other names were based on caste or tribe.
The entire process of distinguishing between siddhas with the same name of different texts and lineages is therefore to large extent guesswork.
In the process of copying the Tibetan transcriptions in later times, the spelling often became corrupted to such an extent that the recognition or reconstitution of the original names became all but impossible.
Whatever the reasons might be, the Tibetan transcription of Indian names of mahasiddhas clearly becomes more and more corrupt as time passes.
Local folk tradition refers to a number of icons and sacred sites to the eighty-four Mahasiddha at Bharmour (formerly known as Brahmapura) in the Chaurasi complex.
In Tibetan Buddhist art they are often depicted together as a matched set in works such as thangka paintings where they may be used collectively as border decorations around a central figure.
Traditionally the ultimate source of these methods and practices is held to be the historical Buddha Shakyamuni, but often it is a transhistorical aspect of the Buddha or deity Vajradhara or Samantabhadra who reveals the Tantra in question directly to the Mahasiddha in a vision or whilst they dream or are in a trance.
The sadhana of Dream Yoga as practiced in Dzogchen traditions such as the Kham, entered the Himalayan tantric tradition from the Mahasiddha, Ngagpa and Bonpo.
Many Mahasiddhas practiced specific tantras, for example Brahman Kukkuripa (34th in Abhyadatta's list) of Kapilaśakru practiced Cakrasaṃvara Tantra, Monk Virūpa (3) of Somapuri practiced Hevajra for 12 years, Monk Karṇaripa (Aryadeva) (18) of Nālandā practiced Guhyasamāja.
According to Ulrich von Schroeder for the identification of Mahasiddhas inscribed with Tibetan names it is necessary to reconstruct the Indian names.
This is a very difficult task because the Tibetans are very inconsistent with the transcription or translation of Indian personal names and therefore many different spellings do exist.
When comparing the different Tibetan texts on mahasiddhas, we can see that the transcription or translation of the names of the Indian masters into the Tibetan language was inconsistent and confused.
The most unsettling example is an illustrated Tibetan block print from Mongolia about the mahasiddhas, where the spellings in the text vary greatly from the captions of the xylographs.
The purpose of the concordance lists published in the appendices of his book is primarily for the reconstitution of the Indian names, regardless of whether they actually represent the same historical person or not.
In Buddhist iconography, Milarepa is often represented with his right hand cupped against his ear, to listen to the needs of all beings.
(Note: Marpa and Milarepa are not mahasiddhas in the historical sense, meaning they are not 2 of the 84 traditional mahasiddhas.
One, an official video, has Air Supply singing on a blue background, while their entire band of additional personnel play their music for them.
Alfred McCoy Tyner (born December 11, 1938) is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet and a long solo career.
He began studying the piano at age 13 and within two years music had become the focal point in his life.
During the 1980s and 1990s Tyner worked in a trio that included Avery Sharpe on bass and Louis Hayes, then Aaron Scott, on drums.
Tyner is considered to be one of the most influential jazz pianists of the 20th century, an honor he earned during and after his time with Coltrane.
Tyner, who is left-handed, plays with a low bass left hand in which he raises his arm high above the keyboard for an emphatic attack.
His melodic vocabulary is rich, ranging from raw blues to complexly superimposed pentatonic scales; his approach to chord voicing (most characteristically by fourths) has influenced contemporary jazz pianists, such as Chick Corea.
On July 16, 2005, Tyner was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music at the Sala dei Notari during the Umbria Jazz Festival.
In a topological space, if every subsequence has a subsequential limit to the same point, then the original sequence also converges to that limit.
If (X,d) is a metric space and there is a Cauchy sequence such that there is a subsequence converging to some x, then the sequence also converges to x.
It was first performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and the Academy Capella Choir under Nikolai Malko, on 5 November 1927.
After the premiere, Shostakovich made some revisions to the score, and this final version was first played in Moscow later in 1927 under the baton of Konstantin Saradzhev.
The symphony is a short (about 20 minutes) experimental work in one movement; within this movement are four sections, the last of which includes a chorus.
He quickly adds sonorities and layers of sound in a manner akin to Abstract Expressionism instead of focusing on contrapuntal clarity.
While much of the symphony consequently consists of sound effects rather than music, the work possesses an unquestionable vitality and incorporates the basic elements of the musical language he used in the rest of his career.
The symphony is scored for mixed choir (in the final part) and orchestra of piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, glockenspiel, (factory) siren, and strings.
Shostakovich's Second and Third Symphonies have often been criticized for incongruities in their experimental orchestral sections and more conventionally agitprop choral finales.
The Second Symphony was commissioned to include a poem by Alexander Bezymensky, which glorified Lenin's role in the proletariat struggle in bombastic style.
The cult of Lenin, imposed from the upper echelons of the Party, grew to gigantic proportions in the years immediately following his death.
Part of the problem Shostakovich had in writing the symphony was that people expected a successor to his First Symphony, and he no longer believed in writing in the same compositional style.
He also had other projects toward which he wanted to direct his attention as soon as possible, and the First Symphony had taken him nearly a year to write.
Furthermore, because of the non-musical orientation of potential audiences, these pieces were not expected to last more than 15 or 20 minutes at most.
Though Shostakovich had been commissioned by Muzsektor rather than Agitotdel, and was thus expected to produce a composition of abstract music instead of a propaganda piece, writing a short agitprop symphony seemed to solve all of Shostakovich's problems.
It also sidestepped the stylistic problem of producing a sequel to the First Symphony while also opening the door to experiment with orchestral effects in an entirely new vein.
Most importantly for Shostakovich, the piece took little time to compose, allowing him to return to other projects at his earliest convenience.
The consequent lack of creative fire becomes obvious; the section lacks the drive and conviction that typified many of his later works, the singers sounding melancholy, almost desultory.
The final words are not even given a melodic line; instead they are simply chanted by the chorus, culminating in a formulaic apotheosis.
In the Soviet Union the orchestral section initially confused listeners – many of whom were workers worn out by the October Revolution, yet listening patiently to the first performance – while they were very much at home with the setting of characteristic revolutionary rhetoric to music.
Once the inward bending is improved, the Achilles tendon is often cut, and braces are worn until the age of four.
Treatment can be carried out by a range of healthcare providers and can generally be achieved in the developing world with few resources.
Clubfoot occurs in 1 to 4 of every 1,000 live births, making it one of the most common birth defects affecting the legs.
The affected foot and leg may be smaller than the other, while in about half of cases, clubfoot affects both feet.
Without treatment the foot remains deformed and people walk on the sides or tops of their feet, which can cause calluses, foot infections, trouble fitting into shoes, pain, difficulty walking, and disability.
Early amniocentesis (11–13 wks) is believed to increase the rate of clubfoot because there is an increase in potential amniotic leakage from the procedure.
In the early 1900s, it was thought that constriction of the foot by the uterus contributed to the occurrence of clubfoot.
Factors used to assess severity include the stiffness of the deformity (how much it can be corrected by manually manipulating the foot), the presence of skin creases at the arch and heel, and poor muscle consistency.
Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound can allow parents to learn more about this condition and plan ahead for treatment after their baby is born.
The most common reason for this is inadequate adherence to bracing, such as not wearing the brace properly, not keeping it on for the recommended length of time, or not using it every day.
Children who do not follow proper bracing protocol have up to 7 times higher recurrence rates than those who follow bracing protocol, as the muscles around the foot can pull it back into the abnormal position.
Recurrence is more common when there is poor compliance with the bracing, because the muscles around the foot can pull it back into the abnormal position.
Another reason for recurrence is a congenital muscle imbalance between the muscles that invert the ankle (tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles) and the muscles that evert the ankle (peroneal muscles).
This imbalance is present in approximately 20% of infants successfully treated with the Ponseti casting method, and makes them more prone to recurrence.
After 18 months of age, this can be addressed with a surgery to transfer the tibialis anterior tendon from its medial attachment (on the navicula) to a more lateral position (on the lateral cuneiform).
The surgery requires general anesthesia and subsequent casting while the tendon heals, but it is a relatively minor surgery that rebalances the muscles of the foot without disturbing any joints.
The French method is a conservative, non-operative method of clubfoot treatment which involves daily physical therapy for the first two months followed by thrice-weekly physical therapy for the next four months and continued home exercises following the conclusion of formal physical therapy.
During each physical therapy session the feet are manipulated, stretched, then taped to maintain any gains made to the feet's range of motion.
After the two month mark, the frequency of physical therapy sessions can be weaned down to three times a week instead of daily, until the child reaches six months.
After the conclusion of the physical therapy program, caregivers must continue performing exercises at home and splinting at night in order to maintain long-term correction.
Compared to the Ponseti method which uses rigid casts and braces, the French method uses tape which allows for some motion in the feet.
Usually, surgery is done at 9 to 12 months of age and the goal is to correct all the components of the clubfoot deformity at the time of surgery.
For feet with the typical components of deformity (cavus, forefoot adductus, hindfoot varus, and ankle equinus), the typical procedure is a Posteromedial Release (PMR) surgery.
This is done through an incision across the medial side of the foot and ankle, that extends posteriorly, and sometimes around to the lateral side of the foot.
Typically, the important structures are exposed and then sequentially released until the foot can be brought to an appropriate plantigrade position.
Specifically, it is important to bring the ankle to neutral, the heel into neutral, the midfoot aligned with the hindfoot (navicula aligned with the talus, and the cuboid aligned with the calcaneus).
Once these joints can be aligned, thin wires are usually placed across these joints to hold them in the corrected position.
Once the joints are aligned, tendons (typically the Achilles, posterior tibialis, and flexor halluces longus) are repaired at an appropriate length.
It is common to do a cast change with anesthesia after 3–4 weeks, so that pins can be removed and a mold can be made to fabricate a custom AFO brace.
For feet with partial correction of deformity with non-operative treatment, surgery may be less extensive and may involve only the posterior part of the foot and ankle.
This is done through a smaller incision and may involve releasing only the posterior capsule of the ankle and subtalar joints, along with lengthening the Achilles tendon.
As the foot grows, there is potential for asymmetric growth that can result in recurrence of foot deformity that can affect the forefoot, midfoot, or hindfoot.
Long-term studies of adults with post-surgical clubfeet, especially those needing multiple surgeries, show that they may not fare as well in the long term.
Some people may require additional surgeries as they age, though there is some dispute as to the effectiveness of such surgeries, in light of the prevalence of scar tissue present from earlier surgeries.
Despite effective treatments, children in LMICs face many barriers such as limited access to equipment (specifically casting materials and abduction braces), shortages of healthcare professionals, and low education levels and socioeconomic status amongst caregivers and families.
These factors make it difficult to detect and diagnose children with clubfoot, connect them to care, and train their caregivers to follow the proper treatment and return for follow-up visits.
In an effort to reduce the burden of clubfoot in LMICs, there have been initiatives to improve early diagnosis, organize high-volume Ponseti casting centers, utilize mid-level practitioners and non-physician health workers, engage families in care, and provide local follow-up in the person’s community.
It is considered a junior enlisted rank and, depending on the navy, it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly-junior ranks.
In the Commonwealth, it is the lowest rank in the navy, while in the United States, it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard.
It is equivalent to OR1 in NATO and is a grade A3 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.
The Russian federation inherited the term in 1991, as did several other former Soviet republics, including Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Belarus, with Bulgaria using the same word and the same Cyrillic orthography.
Seaman is the third enlisted rank from the bottom in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard, ranking above seaman apprentice and below petty officer third class.
The rank is also used in United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps, a naval-themed uniformed youth program under the sponsorship of the Navy League of the United States.
The actual title for an E-3 in the U.S. Navy varies based on the subset of the Navy or Coast Guard, also known as a group rate, to which the member will ultimately be assigned.
Likewise, the color of their group rate mark also depends on that subset of the Navy or Coast Guard in which they are serving and which technical rating they will eventually pursue.
No such stripes for E-1, E-2 or E-3 are authorized to be worn on working uniforms, e.g., navy work uniform, USCG operational dress uniform, coveralls, utility wear, flight suits, hospital and clinic garb, diving suits, etc.
However, sailors with the pay grade of E-2 or E-3 are permitted to wear silver-anodized collar devices on their service uniforms.
The 30/20 GHz band is used in communications satellite uplinks in either the 27.5 GHz and 31 GHz bands, and high-resolution, close-range targeting radars aboard military airplanes.
It was first used in the experimental ACTS Gigabit Satellite Network, and is currently used in the Inmarsat I-5 system and will be used in the Iridium Next satellite series, Kacific K-1 satellite, as well as the James Webb Space Telescope.
The K band is more susceptible to rain attenuation than is the , which in turn is more susceptible than the C band.
The L band is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) designation for the range of frequencies in the radio spectrum from 1 to 2 gigahertz (GHz).
In Europe, the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) has harmonized part of the L band (1452–1492 MHz), allowing individual countries to adopt this spectrum for terrestrial mobile/fixed communications networks supplemental downlink (MFCN SDL).
By means of carrier aggregation, an LTE-Advanced or UMTS/HSDPA base station could use this spectrum to provide additional bandwidth for communications from the base station to the mobile device; i.e., in the downlink direction.
The Global Positioning System carriers are in the L band, centered at 1176.45 MHz (L5), 1227.60 MHz (L2), 1381.05 MHz (L3), and 1575.42 MHz (L1) frequencies.
The Galileo Navigation System, the GLONASS System, and the BeiDou system uses the L band similar to GPS, although the frequency ranges are named differently.
Modern receivers, such as those found in smartphones, are able to take advantage of multiple systems (usually only around the oldest L1 band) at the same time.
Aircraft can use Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) equipment at 1090 MHz to communicate position information to the ground as well as between them for traffic information and avoidance.
The 1090 MHz frequency (paired with 1030 MHz) is also used by Mode S transponders, which ADS-B augments when operated at this frequency.
The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in the frequency range 1,240–1,300 MHz, and amateur satellite up-links are allowed in the range 1,260–1,270 MHz.
In the United States and overseas territories, the L band is held by the military for telemetry, thereby forcing digital radio to in-band on-channel (IBOC) solutions.
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) in Europe primarily uses Band III, but may also be carried in the 1452–1492MHz range in some countries.
The band also contains the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen (the hydrogen line, 1420 MHz), which is of great astronomical interest as a means of imaging the normally invisible neutral atomic hydrogen in interstellar space.
Chemlab is an American industrial rock band formed in Washington D.C., in 1989 by Dylan Thomas More, Joe Frank, and Jared Louche (then known as Hendrickson).
After a seven-year hiatus from the stage, Jared recreated Chemlab and, with a backing band composed of the members of electro-industrial group mindFIELD performed a one-off show in Boston, Massachusetts in August 2005.
A third show in San Francisco on March 17, 2006, saw the band joined by fellow coldwave bands Babyland and Deathline International.
In late 2007, the band toured the US for the first time in eight years, with the supporting line-up of multi-instrumentalist/programmer Gabriel Shaw (mindFIELD), Wade Alin (Christ Analogue) and Jason Bazinet (SMP).
Jared Louche announced on stage during a performance on September 7, 2012 in Chicago, that it would be the band's final show.
A member of two critically acclaimed music groups, Uncle Tupelo and Son Volt, he began his solo music career in 2001.
Farrar formed Uncle Tupelo with Jeff Tweedy and Mike Heidorn in 1987 after the lead singer of their previous band, The Primatives, left to attend college.
After the dissolution of Uncle Tupelo in 1994, Farrar formed the rock group Son Volt, whose original lineup released three albums in the late 1990s, before undergoing a hiatus in 1999.
In 1999, Farrar was invited to participate in the tribute album for Moby Grape co-founder Skip Spence, who was terminally ill with cancer.
Eric Heywood, Mark Spencer from the Blood Oranges, and the rock group Canyon have often accompanied Farrar in his solo recordings and performances.
The songs which would make up their debut album were recorded in autumn 2004, while Farrar was in the process of recording a new Son Volt album.
His musical style ranges from sparse, unaccompanied folk music to full rock and roll band arrangements comparable to Neil Young or Dinosaur Jr.. His solo recordings also often include sound experiments, reminiscent of psychedelia, with a distinct Eastern bent.
He graduated from the Institute of Non-Ferrous and Fine Metallurgy in Moscow in 1936, which enabled him to become a machine operator.
By 1939 he had become engineer-in-chief of the Pribalkhashatroi mine, and joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), a condition of the position.
Khrushchev appointed Panteleymon Ponomarenko as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and Leonid Brezhnev as the second secretary, in February 1954.
Brezhnev became the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1955 and a member of CPSU Politburo in 1956.
Kunaev was an ardent supporter of the Virgin Lands campaign, which opened millions of hectares of lands in central Kazakhstan to agricultural development and caused a large influx of Russian immigrants into Kazakhstan.
In 1962 he was dismissed from his position as he disagreed with Khrushchev's plans to incorporate some lands in Southern Kazakhstan into Uzbekistan.
He became first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan again in 1964 when Khrushchev was ousted and replaced by Brezhnev.
He spent the last years of his life in charitable activity, establishing the 'Dinmukhamed Kunaev Foundation', one of whose purposes was the support of political reform in Kazakhstan.
The S band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum covering frequencies from 2 to 4 gigahertz (GHz).
The S band is used by airport surveillance radar for air traffic control, weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communications satellites, especially those used by NASA to communicate with the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station.
The S band also contains the 2.4–2.483 GHz ISM band, widely used for low power unlicensed microwave devices such as cordless phones, wireless headphones (Bluetooth), wireless networking (WiFi), garage door openers, keyless vehicle locks, baby monitors as well as for medical diathermy machines and microwave ovens (typically at 2.495 GHz).
In the U.S., the FCC approved satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS) broadcasting in the S band from 2.31 to 2.36 GHz, currently used by Sirius XM Radio.
More recently, it has approved for portions of the S band between 2.0 and 2.2 GHz the creation of Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) networks in connection with Ancillary Terrestrial Components (ATC).
The 2.6 GHz range is used for China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting, a satellite radio and mobile TV standard which, as with proprietary systems in the U.S., is incompatible with the open standards used in the rest of the world.
In May 2009, Inmarsat and Solaris Mobile (a joint venture between Eutelsat and SES, now EchoStar Mobile) were awarded each a 2×15 MHz portion of the S band by the European Commission.
Allocated frequencies are 1.98 to 2.01 GHz for Earth to space communications, and from 2.17 to 2.2 GHz for space to Earth communications.
Eutelsat W2A satellite launched in April, 2009 and located at 10° East is currently the unique satellite in Europe operating on S band frequencies.
In some countries, S band is used for Direct-to-Home satellite television (unlike similar services in most countries, which use K band).
IndoStar-1 was the world's first commercial communications satellite to use S-band frequencies for broadcast (pioneered by van der Heyden), which efficiently penetrate the atmosphere and provide high-quality transmissions to small-diameter 80 cm antennas in regions that experience heavy rainfall such as Indonesia.
Similar performance is not economically feasible with comparable Ku- or C-band DTH satellite systems since more power is required in these bands to penetrate the moist atmosphere.
IEEE 802.16a and 802.16e standards use a part of the frequency range of S band; under WiMAX standards most vendors are now manufacturing equipment in the range of 3.5 GHz.
In North America, is an ISM band used for unlicensed spectrum devices such as cordless phones, wireless headphones, and video senders, among other consumer electronics uses, including Bluetooth which operates between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz.
In the United States, the 3.55 to 3.7 GHz band is becoming shared spectrum under rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission in April 2015 as a result of the National Broadband Plan (United States).
Cable companies are planning to use the band for wireless broadband in rural areas, with Charter Communications beginning tests of the service in January 2018.
Used as a transmit intermediate frequency in satellite communications as a replacement for L band where a single/shared coaxial connection is used between the modem/IDU and antenna/ODU for both the transmit and receive signals.
This is to prevent interference between the transmit and receive signals which would otherwise not occur on a dual coaxial setup where the transmit and receive signals are separate and both can use the whole L-band frequency range.
For example, the modem would transmit at 2.815 GHz IF (S Band) to the ODU and then the ODU up-converts this signal to 28.15 GHz SHF (Ka Band) towards the satellite.
In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of the X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0–11.2 GHz.
X band radar frequency sub-bands are used in civil, military, and government institutions for weather monitoring, air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic control, defense tracking, and vehicle speed detection for law enforcement.
The shorter wavelengths of the X band allow for higher resolution imagery from high-resolution imaging radars for target identification and discrimination.
These three stations, located approximately 120 degrees apart in longitude, provide continual communications from the Earth to almost any point in the Solar System independent of Earth rotation.
DSN stations are capable of using the older and lower S band deep-space radio communications allocations, and some higher frequencies on a more-or-less experimental basis, such as in the K band.
Notable deep space probe programs that have employed X band communications include the Viking Mars landers; the Voyager missions to Jupiter, Saturn, and beyond; the Galileo Jupiter orbiter; the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper belt, the Curiosity rover and the Cassini-Huygens Saturn orbiter.
The new European double Mars Mission ExoMars will also use X band communication, on the instrument LaRa, to study the internal structure of Mars, and to make precise measurements of the rotation and orientation of Mars by monitoring two-way Doppler frequency shifts between the surface platform and Earth.
It will also detect variations in angular momentum due to the redistribution of masses, such as the migration of ice from the polar caps to the atmosphere.
When the planet Mars was passing near or behind the Sun, as seen from the Earth, a Viking lander would transmit two simultaneous continuous-wave carriers, one in the S band and one in the X band in the direction of the Earth, where they were picked up by DSN ground stations.
By making simultaneous measurements at the two different frequencies, the resulting data enabled theoretical physicists to verify the mathematical predictions of Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the international body which allocates radio frequencies for civilian use, is not authorised to allocate frequency bands for military radio communication.
The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in the frequency range 10.000 to 10.500 GHz, and amateur satellite operations are allowed in the range 10.450 to 10.500 GHz.
The frequencies are then standardized at 11.9942 GHz (Europe) or 11.424 GHz (US), which is the second harmonic of C-band and fourth harmonic of S-band.
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission has allocated the frequency band from 57 to 71 GHz for unlicensed wireless systems.
All communications links in the V band require unobstructed line of sight between the transmit and receive point, and rain fade must be taken into account when performing link budget analysis.
On Dec. 15, 1995 the V band at 60 GHz was used by the world's first crosslink communication between satellites in a constellation.
60 GHz is attractive for secure satellite crosslinks because it allows for high data rates, narrow beams and, lying in a strong absorption band of oxygen, provides protection against intercept by ground-based adversaries.
These can be achieved through fiber to the premises broadband network architecture, or a more affordable alternative using fixed wireless in the last mile in combination with the fiber networks in the middle mile in order to reduce the costs of trenching fiber optic cables to the users.
This makes V band an appealing choice to be used as fixed wireless access for gigabit services to connect to homes and businesses.
O'Donnell was born in Winnetka, Illinois, the son of William Charles O'Donnell, Sr., a general manager of WBBM-AM, and Julie Ann Rohs von Brecht.
He was raised in a Roman Catholic family and attended Roman Catholic schools, including Loyola Academy in Wilmette, Illinois for high school, graduating in 1988.
He reportedly was part of a field of candidates that included Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jude Law, Ewan McGregor, Corey Haim, Corey Feldman, Toby Stephens, and Scott Speedman.
At a comic book convention, they asked a group of 11-year-old boys, the target audience, which actor could win a fistfight.
Although a box office success, the movie was critically panned and O'Donnell himself called it a low point in his career.
The University of Bucharest (), commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded in 1864 by decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Saint Sava Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it the second oldest modern university in Romania.
In the 2012 QS World University Rankings, it was included in the top 700 universities of the world, together with three other Romanian universities.
765 of July 4th,1864 by Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza and is a leading academic centre and a significant point of reference in society.
The University of Bucharest is rich in history and has been actively contributing to the development and modernisation of Romanian education, science and culture since 1694..In 1694 Constantin Brâncoveanu, ruler of Wallachia, had founded the Princely Academy of Saint Sava in Bucharest with lectures delivered in Greek.
In 1776, Alexander Ypsilantis, ruler of Wallachia, reformed the curriculum of the Saint Sava Academy, where courses of French, Italian and Latin were now taught.
On July 4/16 1864 Prince Alexander John Cuza created the University of Bucharest, bringing together the Faculties of Law, Sciences and Letters as one single body.
In the following years, new faculties were created: 1884 – the Faculty of Theology; 1906 – the Institute of Geology; 1913 – the Academic Institute for Electrotechnology; 1921 – the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 1923 – the Faculty of Pharmacy, 1924 – the Mina Minovici Institute of Forensic Medicine.
In 1956, student leaders, mainly from this university, planned a peaceful protest against Romania's Communist regime but were forcibly prevented from carrying it out.
Most of the building is still intact, however during the bombardments of Bucharest in 1944, the central corpus of the building was heavily damaged and demolished due to Luftwaffe bombs, and was only re-constructed in 1969-1971.
The area around the old University building (the University Square), adjacent to the C. A. Rosetti, Roman, Kogălniceanu, and Union Squares was the scene of many riots, protests and clashes with the security forces during the Romanian Revolution of 1989.
In 1996, Emil Constantinescu, the then rector of the University of Bucharest, was elected President of Romania, after defeating Ion Iliescu in national presidential elections.
It has partnership agreements with over 50 universities in 40 countries, and participates in European programmes such as ERASMUS, Lingua, Naric, Leonardo da Vinci, UNICA, AMOS, TEMPUS, TEMPRA.
The University of Bucharest has a number of buildings throughout Bucharest, so in that respect it does not have a single campus.
She was reclassified CVE-58 on 15 July 1943, acquired by the Navy on 31 August 1943; and commissioned the same day, Captain R. L. Bowman in command.
She returned to San Diego to undergo repairs and load aircraft and men, then resumed operations out of Pearl Harbor with her division.
With the 3rd Fleet, she sortied on 30 March to provide air cover for the landings on Emirau Island, returning to Port Purvis on 14 April.
Two days later, she sailed to join the 7th Fleet for air operations at Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) between 22–26 April, then put into Manus Island for replenishment and antisubmarine patrols until 4 May.
She covered the logistics force off Eniwetok from 1–3 July, then aided in the softening up bombardment of Guam and provided air cover for the invasion until 28 July, when she returned to San Diego for overhaul.
On 26 October, she formed as a hunter-killer group with EscDiv 64, around to check out reported enemy submarine movements between Pearl Harbor and California.
On 2 January 1945, this group moved to patrol the area between Pearl Harbor and Eniwetok to protect heavy Allied shipping, returning to Pearl Harbor on 13 February.
From 21 March-27 April, she conducted an anti-submarine patrol in the vicinity of Japanese-held Wotje and Maloelap in the Marshalls, then off Eniwetok.
From 2 October 1945 – 10 January 1946, she alternated this duty with three voyages from Pearl Harbor to San Diego to return homeward-bound servicemen.
She ferried men, aircraft, and aviation cargo to NATO nations under the Mutual Defense Assistance Plan, but also made five voyages through the Panama Canal to bring men and cargo to the United Nations forces in Korea in 1952-1954.
Returning to the United States, the ship suffered hull damage in the Atlantic Ocean due to high seas on the night of 2 April 1958.
The objective of establishing WIUT was to provide an international standard of Higher Education in Uzbekistan to enable citizens of Uzbekistan and other countries to obtain an internationally recognised Bachelor education in Business Administration, Business Information Systems, Economics and Commercial Law, all validated by the University of Westminster.
From 2005, WIUT has offered the first Internationally accredited Masters of Arts in International Business and Management as well as a professional qualification for teachers, the Post Graduate Certificate in Special Studies – Teaching and Learning.
The first intake of students began their studies in October 2002 and the new university premises were inaugurated in spring 2003.
This course is unique in Uzbekistan and Central Asia in terms of providing opportunity to study commercial law in accordance with international standards.
The Interview Panel will then decide whether to make a candidate an offer (conditional or unconditional), or to reject the application.
It is delivered in English and if one is not a native English speaker or have an international bachelor's degree, taught and assessed in English then you have to demonstrate a high-level English language proficiency (IELTS 6.5 or TOEFL 100 (IBT) or TOEFL 250 (CBT) at least).
This course, the Postgraduate Certificate of Special Study in Teaching and Learning, is intended for practising teachers who want to improve their professional skills.
The certificate is a University of Westminster (UPgCert.jpgK) award which has been validated for delivery in Westminster International University in Tashkent.
Originally classified as an auxiliary aircraft carrier ACV-57, the vessel was laid down in 1942, in Vancouver, Washington, by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company.
Originally classified as the auxiliary aircraft carrier ACV-57, the vessel's keel was laid down on 12 December 1942, by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company at their yard in Vancouver, Washington, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 1094.
The vessel arrived at San Diego, California, on 8 October, to load aircraft and hold flight operations off the California coast.
The carrier sailed for Hawaii on 25 October, and upon arrival at Pearl Harbor, joined by sister ship for exercises off Oahu.
After final fitting out, she sailed on 22 January, in Task Group 52.9 (TG 52.9) and arrived in the vicinity of Kwajalein, on 31 January, two days after aircraft of the Fast Carrier Task Force began pounding airfields on the atoll.
On 24 February, the escort carrier set course for Eniwetok, but was recalled to Hawaii, and arrived at Pearl Harbor, on 3 March.
On 19 April, she joined TG 78.2, which was formed to support Allied footholds at Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) and Aitape.
Her aircraft joined in strikes on 22 April, and on 26 April, the escort carrier sailed to Seeadler Harbor, for replenishment, and on 7 May, headed for Espiritu Santo, for availability.
The carrier moved south to Guam, on 17 June, to begin softening-up operations against that island but returned to Saipan, the next day to assist the bogged-down American forces.
Two days later, she paused at Kwajalein, to unload most of her aircraft and ammunition and then continued via Pearl Harbor, for the naval base at San Diego.
From 19 February-4 March, she followed a schedule of launching her first flight just before sunset and recovering her last just after dawn.
After 10 days of upkeep and being joined by a newly redeployed VC-13 from , she sailed to join the invasion of Okinawa.
The Okinawa attack began on 1 April, and she remained on line until she retired to Ulithi, on 30 April, for repairs to her rudder bearings.
On 19 September, she broke her homeward-bound pennant, became a member of a Magic Carpet group, and reached San Francisco, on 30 September.
The carrier made two trips to the western Pacific and back, one to Pearl Harbor, and one to Shanghai, China, to shuttle American troops home as part of Operation Magic Carpet.
The Volkswagen Passat is a large family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen since 1973, and now in its eighth generation.
Originally these designations paralleled those of the Audi 80 and A4 with which the Passat shared platforms, however this is no longer the case.
In January 2011, Volkswagen announced that the new mid-size sedan (NMS) being built at the Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant for the North American market would be named the Passat.
The Passat was one of the most modern European family cars at the time, and was intended as a replacement for the ageing Volkswagen Type 3 and Type 4.
The only other European cars of its size to feature front-wheel drive and a hatchback were the Renault 16 and Austin Maxi.
The Passat originally featured the four-cylinder OHC 1.3-litre () and 1.5-litre (/) petrol engines also used in the Audi 80—longitudinally mounted with front-wheel drive, in Audi tradition, with either a four-speed manual transmission or three-speed automatic.
In July 1978, the Passat Diesel became available, equipped with the VW Golf's 1.5-litre diesel (), followed in February 1979 by the Passat GLI with a fuel-injected version of the 1.6-litre engine.
The range received a facelift in 1977 (launched 1978 outside Europe) with revised interior and revised exterior with repositioned indicators and depending on model, either four round or two rectangular headlights.
The three- and five-door hatchback and a station wagon model launched in North America for and during the 1974 model year.
Sole available engine was a carburetted 1.5-litre inline-four developing (or in 1975), supplanted from model year 1976 by a Bosch fuel-injected 1.6-litre four .
In 1978, the Dasher received a facelift along the lines of the European Passat, with quad sealed beam headlights and big polyurethane covered bumpers.
Since the Audi 80 was not marketed in Brazil, the Passat received the Audi's different front-end treatment after a facelift for 1979.
Originally with a 1.5-litre engine, during its long life cycle many improvements from the B2 platform were later introduced, like its 1.6 and 1.8-litre engines, a Brazil-specific face-lift in 1985, and a five-speed gearbox.
The platform, named B2, was once again based on the corresponding version of the Audi 80, which had been launched in 1978.
In addition to the Passat hatchbacks and Variants (estate/wagon), there was also a conventional three-box saloon, which until the 1985 facelift was sold as the Volkswagen Santana in Europe.
In the USA, the Passat/Santana was sold as the Volkswagen Quantum, available in three-door hatchback, four-door sedan, and a wagon model, but the five-door hatchback was never sold there and the three-door hatchback was dropped after less than two years.
In Mexico, it was marketed from 1984 to 1988 as VW Corsar and Corsar Variant (the 4-door saloon and 5-door wagon, respectively).
In addition to four- and five-speed manuals and three-speed automatic gearboxes, the Passat/Santana was also available with the VW concern's interesting 4+E transmission.
The four-wheel-drive system used in the Passat Variant Syncro shared the mechanics of the Audi 80 and not the Volkswagen Golf Syncro.
The Syncro's bottom plate was almost entirely different, requiring a transmission tunnel, a relocated gas tank and no spare tire well (to make room for the complex rear axle assembly).
In 1985, the range received a slight facelift, consisting of new, larger bumpers, interior retouches, a new front grille and new taillights on the hatchback versions.
The lack of a grille made the car's front end styling reminiscent of older, rear-engined Volkswagens, such as the 411, and also doubled as a modern styling trend.
At the time, it was the first transverse engine layout Passat to be built on a Volkswagen-designed platform, rather than sharing one with an Audi saloon.
The car, although designated B3 in Volkswagen's platform nomenclature, was based largely on the A platform as used for the smaller Golf model, but was stretched in all directions, and therefore had no connection with the B3 series Audi 80, launched two years earlier.
This generation of Passat was sold as a four-door saloon or a five-door estate, with the Passat not being sold as a hatchback from this point onwards.
Engine options were the 2.0-litre 16-valve engine in the GL model, 1.8-litre engine in the CL model (not available in North America, all CLs, GLs, and GLSs had the 2.0 16v), The 1.8 8v 112 bhp PB engine from the Golf GTi was also used in the Passat GT model.
Volkswagen's new 2.8-litre VR6 engine (also used in the Golf and Corrado) in the GLX/GLS model (introduced in 1991 in Europe and 1992 in North America), and the G60 engine (only available on the Syncro model in Canada for the North American market).
The facelift revised external body panels except for the roof and glasshouse, with most obvious exterior change seeing the reintroduction of a grille to match the style of the other same-generation Volkswagen models of the era, such as the Mk3 Golf and Jetta.
The interior was mildly updated and included safety equipment, such as dual front airbags and seat belt pretensioners, although the basic dashboard design remained unchanged.
The car was available with a Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine – an inline four-cylinder 1.9-litre turbodiesel, generating at 3,750 rpm and of torque at 1,900 rpm.
Combined with a reserve option fuel tank, the B4 TDI wagon had an 1800+ km (1200+ mi) range on a single tank of fuel.
An all-new Passat, based on the Volkswagen Group B5 platform, was launched in 1996 in Continental Europe, in February 1997 in the United Kingdom, and 1998 in North America.
The Passat introduced a new design language, first seen on the Concept 1 concept car, for the latest generation of Volkswagens, such as the Mk4 Golf, Bora and Polo Mk4.
The car featured a fully independent four-link front suspension; and a semi-independent torsion beam for front-wheel-drive models or a fully independent suspension on the 4motion 4WD models.
4WD was introduced in 1997 as an option for the 1.8-litre, 2.8-litre V6, 2.0-litre TDI and 2.5-litre V6 TDI engines, using a second-generation Torsen T-2 based 4WD system to minimise loss of traction.
The 1.8-litre petrol engine in the Passat and Audi A4 has a lower oil capacity than transverse applications of the same engine ( in transverse, longitudinal), and may suffer from oil sludge problems as a result, if not changed at regular intervals with fully synthetic oils.
Four transmission options were available: a 5-speed manual transmission, a 6-speed manual transmission (codename 01E), a 4-speed automatic transmission and a 5-speed automatic transmission with tiptronic.
The B5.5 Passat began production in late 2000, with styling and mechanical revisions, including revised projector-optic headlights, bumpers, tail lights, and chrome trim.
A 4.0-litre W8 engine producing was introduced in 2001 in a luxury version of the car that included standard 4motion all-wheel drive.
This engine was intended to be a test bed for Volkswagen Group's new W engine technology, which would later make an appearance on the W12 in the Phaeton, Audi A8, and Bentley Continental GT, and the W16 engine in the Bugatti Veyron.
The B6 Passat was first displayed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2005, and launched in Europe in the summer of 2005.
Based on a modified version of the Mk5 Golf's PQ46 platform, the B6 featured a transverse rather than longitudinal engine layout of its predecessor, like the previous B3 and B4 generations, which were related to the A2 (Golf) platform.
The transverse-engine layout of the four-wheel drive version, marketed as 4motion, dictated a switch from the Torsen centre differential of the B5, to the Haldex Traction multi-plate clutch.
Compared to the Torsen, the Haldex can direct torque more unequally to the front wheels (from 100:0 to 50:50 front-to-rear bias), thus providing a wider bias range than the 75:25 to 25:75 of the B5 Passat.
Haldex is a reactive-type system, behaving as a front-wheel-drive vehicle until slippage is detected, at which point up to a maximum of 50% of the torque can be transmitted to the rear axle.
Fuel Stratified Injection is used in every petrol engined version of the Passat, ranging from 1.4 to 3.6 litres (the 1.6-litre DOHC can reach in 11.4 seconds, and for manual transmission versions), but the multi-valve 2.0-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel is the most sought after version in Europe (available in both and variants).
In the US market, a 2.0-litre turbocharged I4 is the base engine, or a 3.6-litre VR6 engine as the upgrade, with six-speed manual (only available on the base 2.0-litre turbocharged model) and automatic transmissions.
As of the 2009 model year, the VR6 engine and 4motion option were no longer available in the US on the Passat sedan and wagon, but are available on the Passat CC.
At the same time the 2.0-litre TDI engine from the Audi range, incorporating common rail injection technology superseded the existing 2.0 litre TDI units.
In Asia, the PQ46 Passat was released by FAW-VW as the Magotan, after Volkswagen's other joint venture Shanghai Volkswagen had decided to continue using the B5 platform for the Passat and the Passat Lingyu (long-wheelbase Passat).
This version of the Passat put out 300 hp, and featured dual exhaust tips, an aggressive front bonnet, and All Wheel Drive.
Originally aimed at competing with the similarly styled Mercedes CLS, the Passat CC intends to be more stylish and luxurious than the previously released Passat B6.
Engines offered in the CC mirror those of the regular Passat, with options of the base 2.0 litre turbocharged four-cylinder, or the optional 3.6-litre VR6, which includes 4-motion all-wheel drive.
Volkswagen facelifted the Passat CC in late 2011 for the 2012 year, with styling updates akin to those of the larger Phaeton.
For the updated model, Volkswagen has dropped the Passat name for all markets, now matching the Volkswagen CC branding used since 2008 in North America.
The B6 Passat was facelifted by Klaus Bischoff and Walter de Silva and was unveiled at the Paris Motor Show in September 2010.
The facelift resulted in new external body panels except for the roof and glasshouse, with the prominent changes to the grille and headlights.
Engines available for Magotan B7L are ranging from 1.4-litre T, 1.8-litre T to 2.0-litre T, a special-developed EA390 3.0-litre VR6 FSI engine is opted for the top model.
The Passat Alltrack has raised ground clearance from 135 to 165 mm which improves approach angle from 13.5 to 16 degrees, departure angle from 11.9 to 13.6 degrees and ramp angle from 9.5 to 12.8 degrees when compared to the standard Passat wagon.
Passat Alltrack is the only VW in the passenger range to offer 4Motion with off-road driving programme, the off-road system works in conjunction with the ABS, electronic differential lock (EDL), DSG & hill descent assist system to control the vehicle in an off-road expedition.
The engine range of the Passat Alltrack consists of two 2.0 litre TDI with outputs of 103 kW/140 hp & 125 kW/170 hp and two petrol engines, 1.8-litre producing 118 kW/160 hp and 2.0 litre TSI producing 155 kW/207 hp.
The two lesser powered engine variants 2.0 litre TDI and 1.8-litre TSI are only available in front wheel drive format with a manual 6 speed transmission.
The rest of the range with 4Motion has a 6 speed DSG automated manual transmission, except the 2.0 litre TDI with 103 kW/140 hp has an option of 6 speed manual.
In 2012 at the New York Auto Show, VW showed a Passat Alltrack with 2.0 litre TDI 125 kW/170 hp under Alltrack Concept nameplate to gauge response for a future market in the off-road wagon segment.
The eighth generation model of the Passat was introduced in November 2014 in Continental Europe and in January 2015 in the United Kingdom as a four-door saloon and estate.
Following other Volkswagen Group passenger vehicles such as the Volkswagen Golf Mk7, it is based on a stretched variant of the MQB platform, a modular automobile construction platform designed for transverse, front-engined cars.
The engine line-up of the Passat B7 was re-introduced with this generation with slightly increased power outputs, variable displacement for the 1.4-litre TSI petrol engine and two selective catalytic reduction (SCR) diesel engines, with one being twin-turbocharged.
A plug-in hybrid, the Passat GTE, with an updated battery pack from the Golf GTE and Audi A3 Sportback e-tron is scheduled for launch in mid-2015 in the United Kingdom with sales commencing in 2016.
Led by new chief of design Walter de Silva and VW's acquisition of coachbuilder Bertone, the 2015 Passat won the 2015 European Car of the Year award.
Known as the New Midsize Sedan (NMS) before its unveiling in January 2011, this model was designed for the North American market, replacing the B6 Passat sedan and wagon for the 2012 model year in Canada, the United States and Mexico.
North American, Middle Eastern and South Korean models are manufactured at its Chattanooga Assembly Plant, while Chinese market versions are built by Shanghai-VW in 2011.
The Volkswagen Passat won the 2012 Motor Trend Car of the Year, and in 2013, Passat TDI set a new Guinness World Record for fuel economy under the non-hybrid car category.
The Passat now offers optional LED headlights and taillights, a black-accented front bumper, a rear diffuser-like piece and special 19-inch wheels.
The updated dashboard features the company's MIB II system (modular infotainment platform) with two sizes of touch screens available, depending on option package.
These screens also will feature proximity sensors to pop up the relevant controls as your hand gets closer to the screen.
The system is set to offer Volkswagen's Car-Net connectivity system, with Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and MirrorLink compatibility, which allow you to seamlessly connect nearly any smartphone.
The Passat refresh has automatic post-collision braking, which prevents the car from pinballing away and crashing into other objects after an initial impact, as standard on all models, as is a rearview camera.
Adaptive cruise control, forward-collision warning with autonomous emergency braking, a blind-spot monitor with rear traffic alert, lane-departure warning, and parking steering assist are all available depending on trim level.
The 2016 Passat was planned to offer the same three engine choices featured in the outgoing car: the base-model 1.8-liter TSI turbocharged four-cylinder, the 3.6-liter VR6, and the 2.0-liter TDI diesel four-cylinder.
Volkswagen has announced a completely new Passat for the U.S. market that will be released in 2019 as a 2020 model.
Revealed on October 12, 2018, by SAIC Volkswagen, the Chinese market 2019 Passat was built on the Volkswagen Group MQB platform just like the Volkswagen Passat B8.
The model replaces the Volkswagen Passat NMS in China, while the European version which is called the Magotan would be sold separately.
All models are available with 7 speed DSG gearbox as standard and pricing ranges between 184,900 yuan and 282,900 yuan (27,100 to 41,460 USD).
The American version of the 2013 model year Volkswagen Passat made its way to Middle Eastern markets, namely Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, by the summer of 2012.
The five-seater sedan is available in four trim levels, all with a 170 hp 2.5-litre five-cylinder engine and an automatic transmission only.
Rev Edward Irving (4 August 17927 December 1834) was a Scottish clergyman, generally regarded as the main figure behind the foundation of the Catholic Apostolic Church.
Edward Irving was born at Annan, Annandale the second son of Gavin Irving, a tanner, and his wife, Mary Lowther of Dornock.
On his father's side, who followed the occupation of a tanner, he was descended from a family long known in the district which had ties to French Huguenot refugees.
The first stage of his education was passed at a school kept by Peggy Paine, a relation of Thomas Paine, after which he entered the Annan Academy taught by Adam Hope.
; and in 1810, on the recommendation of Sir John Leslie, he was chosen master of the mathematical school, newly established at Haddington, East Lothian.
Amongst his pupils there was Jane Welsh, afterwards famous as Mrs Carlyle, one of the great letter-writers of the nineteenth century.
He became engaged in 1812 to Isabella Martin, but he gradually fell in love with Jane Welsh, and she with him.
Completing his divinity studies by a series of partial sessions, he was licensed to preach in June 1815, but continued to discharge his scholastic duties for three years.
He devoted his leisure, not only to mathematical and physical science, but to a course of reading in English literature, his bias towards the antique in sentiment and style being strengthened by a perusal of the older classics, among whom Richard Hooker was his favorite author.
In the summer of 1818, he resigned his mastership and, in order to increase the probability of obtaining a permanent appointment in the Church of Scotland, took up his residence in Edinburgh.
Although his exceptional method of address seems to have gained him the qualified approval of certain dignitaries of the church, the prospect of his obtaining a settled charge seemed as remote as ever.
He was meditating a missionary tour in Persia when his departure was arrested by steps taken by Thomas Chalmers which, after considerable delay, resulted in October 1819 in Irving being appointed his assistant and missionary in St John's parish, Glasgow.
Chalmers himself, with no partiality for its bravuras and flourishes, compared it to Italian music, appreciated only by connoisseurs; but as a missionary among the poorer classes he wielded an influence that was altogether unique.
This sudden leap into popularity seems to have been occasioned in connection with a veiled allusion to Irving's striking eloquence made in the House of Commons by George Canning, who had been induced to attend his church from admiration of an expression in one of his prayers, quoted to him by Sir James Mackintosh.
The subject-matter of his orations, and his peculiar treatment of his themes, no doubt also, at least at first, constituted a considerable part of his attractive influence.
Though cherishing a strong antipathy to the received ecclesiastical formulas, Irving's great aim was to revive the antique style of thought and sentiment which had hardened into these formulas, and by this means to supplant the new influences, the accidental and temporary moral shortcomings of which he detected with instinctive certainty, but whose profound and real tendencies were utterly beyond the reach of his conjecture.
Being thus radically at variance with the main current of the thought of his time, the failure of the commission he had undertaken was sooner or later inevitable; and shortly after the opening of his new church in Regent Square in 1827, he found that fashion had taken its departure, and the church, though always well filled, was no longer crowded.
By this desertion his self-esteem, one of his strongest passions, though curiously united with singular sincerity and humility, was doubtless hurt to the quick; but the wound inflicted was of a deeper and deadlier kind, for it confirmed him finally in his despair of the world's gradual amelioration, and established his tendency towards supernaturalism.
Probably the religious opinions of Irving, originally in some respects more catholic and truer to human nature than generally prevailed in ecclesiastical circles, had gained breadth and comprehensiveness from his intercourse with Samuel Taylor Coleridge but gradually his chief interest in Coleridge's philosophy centred round what was mystical and obscure, and to it in all likelihood may be traced his initiation into the doctrine of millenarianism.
In 1830, however, there was opened up to his ardent imagination a new vista of things spiritual, a new hope for the age in which he lived, by the revival in a remote corner of Scotland of those apostolic gifts of prophecy and healing which he had already in 1828 persuaded himself had only been kept in abeyance by the absence of faith.
At once, he welcomed the new powers with an unquestioning evidence that could be shaken by neither the remonstrances nor the desertions of his dearest friends, the recantation of some of the principal agents of the gifts, his own descent into a subordinate position, the meagre and barren results of the manifestations, nor their general rejection both by the church and the world.
After he and those who adhered to him (describing themselves as of the Holy Catholic Apostolic Church) had in 1832 removed to a new building in Newman Street, he was, in March 1833, deposed from the ministry of the Church of Scotland by the Presbytery of Annan on the original charge of heresy.
With the sanction of the power, he was now, after some delay, reordained chief pastor of the church assembled in Newman Street, but unremitting labours and ceaseless spiritual excitement soon completely exhausted the springs of his vital energy.
He died, worn out and wasted with labour and absorbing care while still in the prime of life, 7 December 1834.
Henry Drummond (5 December 1786 – 20 February 1860), English banker, politician and writer, best known as one of the founders of the Catholic Apostolic or Irvingite Church.
He was born at The Grange, near Northington, Hampshire, the eldest son of Henry Drummond, a prominent London banker; his mother was Anne, daughter of Henry Dundas.
He entered Parliament in 1810 as the member for Plympton Erle and took an active interest from the first in nearly all departments of politics.
In 1817, he met Robert Haldane at Geneva, and continued his movement against the Socinian tendencies then prevalent in that city.
In later years he was intimately associated with the origin and spread of the Catholic Apostolic Church, which Edward Irving and others had founded in 1826.
The Albury Conferences, meetings moderated by Hugh Boyd M‘Neile, of those who sympathized with some of the views of Irving were held for the study of prophecy at Drummond's seat, Albury Park, in Surrey.
In December 1839, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society He retired in 1843 from his position as senior partner in the Charing Cross bank.
Drummond took a deep interest in religious subjects, and published books and pamphlets on the interpretation of prophecy, the circulation of the Apocrypha and the principles of Christianity.
In this dedication he defends Drummond against attacks which were made upon him over the topic of Drummond's perceived novelty concerning the interpretation of Biblical prophecy.
There is a street near Melbourne in Carlton North, Victoria that has been claimed as named after him in Australia, but the local Council consider Thomas Drummond (1797–1840), the Scottish inventor, civil engineer and cartographer is the person in question.
Dingiswayo () (c.1780 – 1817) (born Godongwana) was a Mthethwa chief, well known for his mentorship over a young Zulu general, Shaka Zulu, who rose to become the greatest of the Zulu Kings.
It was under Dingiswayo that the Mthethwa rose to prominence, mostly employing diplomacy and assimilation of nearby chiefdoms to strengthen his power base.
According to Muzi Mthethwa (1995), the Mthethwas are descended from the Nguni tribes of northern Natal and the Lubombo Mountains, whose modern identity dates back some 700 years.
Zwide himself was the king of the Ndwandwe, Khumalo, Msene, and Jele tribes - all of whom were subjugated under Zwide's rule (There does not appear to be a direct family link between Zwide kaLanga and Soshangane kaZikode of the Nxumalo tribe).
We first hear of Godongwana during the wanderings of Nandi and her illegitimate son Shaka, who settled with the Mthethwa under King Jobe.
Nursed back to health by a sister, the young man found refuge in the foothills of the Drakensberg among the Qwabe and Langeni people.
Cowan was murdered by chief Phakathwayo, while their expedition attempted to reach Portuguese territory via Natal, and Dingiswayo subsequently acquired Cowan's horse and gun.
However, in the course of an attempted invasion of Zwide's territory, Dingiswayo was captured and beheaded by Zwide at Ngome, near Nongoma.
During his exile he was exposed to European ideas and he put these into practice to produce a disciplined and highly organised army for the first time in the region.
She attributes most of her success to her mother who sacrificed to drive her over 100 miles a day between home, school, and the ice rink.
The eighteen year old won the short program and landed four triple jumps to place second in the long program, enough to win the overall competition.
Thomas had also won the U.S. national title besides the World Championship that year; these achievements earned Thomas the ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year award that year.
Thomas was a pre-med student at Stanford University during this time although it was unusual for a top U.S. skater to go to college at the same time as competing.
In 1987, Thomas suffered with Achilles tendinitis in both ankles and struggled at the U.S. Nationals, placing second to Jill Trenary.
In the long program, she made mistakes on a number of jumps and placed fourth in that segment of the competition.
Overall, she finished third and won the bronze medal, behind Witt and Canadian skater Elizabeth Manley (Thomas fell from first place going into the long program to third place overall in the final standings).
She was also selected by President George W. Bush to be part of the U.S. Delegation for the Opening Ceremonies of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin Italy along with other former Olympians: Dorothy Hamill, Eric Heiden, Kerri Strug, and Herschel Walker.
She studied at Stanford University during her competitive career until her move to Boulder, Colorado during the 1987–88 season, and had resumed her studies by 1989.
She graduated from Stanford in 1991 with a degree in engineering and from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in 1997.
Thomas followed this with a surgical residency at the University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Hospital and an orthopedic surgery residency at the Martin Luther King Jr./Charles Drew University Medical Center in South Central Los Angeles.
She spent the next year preparing for Step I of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons' exam and working at King-Drew Medical Center as a junior-attending-physician specialist.
In July 2006, she began a one-year fellowship at the Dorr Arthritis Institute at Centinela Hospital in Inglewood, California, for sub-specialty training in adult-reconstructive surgery.
During her medical career, while she was skilled at doing the procedures and well-liked by patients, she had difficulty working with other doctors due to her personality, and went from clinic to clinic, never staying longer than one year.
As of December 2010, Thomas was in private practice at ORTHO X-cellence Debra J. Thomas, MD, PC in the diminishing coal-mining town of Richlands, Virginia.
However, the practice soon fell behind on its bill payments due to the sparse and poverty-stricken population of the area and Thomas' lack of business experience, and has ceased operation.
In November 2015, it was reported that she was living in a bed bug-infested trailer in the Appalachian mountains with her fiance who was struggling with anger and alcohol issues.
The Edge Act is a 1919 amendment to the United States Federal Reserve Act of 1913, codified at , which allows national banks to engage in international banking through subsidiaries chartered by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
An Edge Act Corporation is a subsidiary of a bank or bank holding company or financial holding company, that is chartered by the Federal Reserve under Section 25A of the Federal Reserve Act, as amended in 1916 and 1919, to engage in foreign banking activities.
An Edge Act Corporation is useful because, among other things, it separates the risks of domestic operations from those of international.
By virtue of historical developments and funding considerations, an Edge Act Corporation is a domestic subsidiary that is generally held by a U.S.
As of the International Banking Act of 1978 (IBA), an Edge Act Corporation may also be held by a Foreign Bank.
In reality, state supervision is superfluous, so Edge Act Corporations (rather than Agreement Corporations) are the vehicles of choice for international banking and financing operations.
However an Edge Act Corporation may invest in any type of foreign company, as long as it does not engage in business in the United States, including making any domestic loans.
Banking Edges extend the geographic reach of their parents because an Edge was not considered a bank and hence was not subject to the same interstate banking prohibitions.
Thus in the 1960s, the trend was for banks from outside the state of New York to form Banking Edges and locate them in New York City for conducting international banking and for trading in foreign exchange.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the trend was toward expansion into regional financial centers, such as Miami, Chicago, and San Francisco.
Legislation in the mid-1990s, providing for the removal of Federal Interstate Branching restrictions, undermined the appeal of Banking Edges, and their relative importance in international banking has therefore declined.
Major disadvantages of a Banking Edge, compared with an agency, are the smaller size of its loans (due to its smaller capital base, compared with that of the agency's parent bank) and the limitation of domestic lending ability to international or foreign business transactions.
Of the 82 Edge and Agreement Corporations in operation at year-end 1999, 27 were Banking Edges located mostly in New York City and Miami with total assets of $18 billion.
National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) is one of Thailand's National Research Centers, directed by National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation.
The Catholic Apostolic Church was a religious movement which originated in England around 1831 and later spread to Germany and the United States.
He made an appeal to this by means of more than half a million pamphlets which were spread throughout Great Britain, the United States and Europe.
They longed for renewed spiritual power, as had been visible in the first century after the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the young church.
This movement was by no means restricted to the British Isles, with similar investigations and prayers being offered in France, Germany and elsewhere.
These occurrences spread in Scotland and England where certain ministers allowed their practice, although they were not approved of by existing church authorities.
Edward Irving, also a minister in the Church of Scotland and supporter of Campbell, preached in his church at Regent Square in London on the speedy return of Jesus Christ and the real substance of his human nature.
He attracted thousands of listeners, even from the highest circles, and during his summer tours in Scotland (1827, 1828) believers came to listen to him with tens of thousands in attendance.
Irving's relationship to this community was, according to its members, somewhat similar to that of John the Baptist to the early Christian Church.
Shortly after Irving's trial and deposition (1831), he restarted meetings in a hired hall in London, and much of his original congregation followed him.
Within the congregations mentioned, over the course of a short time, six persons were designated as apostles by certain others who claimed prophetic gifts.
In 1835, six months after Irving's death, six others were similarly designated as called to complete the number of the twelve.
Since all those so designated were acting to one degree or another in local congregations, they were then formally separated from these duties, by the bishops of the seven congregations, to occupy their higher office in the universal church on 14 July 1835.
The names of those considered new apostles were: John Bate Cardale, Henry Drummond, Henry King-Church, Spencer Perceval, Nicholas Armstrong, Francis Woodhouse (Francis Valentine Woodhouse), Henry Dalton, John Tudor (John O. Tudor), Thomas Carlyle, Francis Sitwell, William Dow and Duncan Mackenzie.
This was presented to the spiritual and temporal rulers in various parts of Christendom in 1836, beginning with an appeal to the bishops of the Church of England, then in a more comprehensive form to the Pope and other leaders in Christendom, including the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, the Tsar of Russia, the kings of France, Prussia, Denmark and Sweden, as well as King William IV of England.
The apostles were regarded as the conveyors of the Holy Spirit, the declarers of the mysteries of God, and the authoritative interpreters of prophetic utterance; acting in concert they were the source of doctrine and the demonstrators of the mind of Christ.
Their teaching was brought to the people by the evangelists and pastors, and by the ministers of the local churches for those who accepted their ministry.
Each apostle would have one coadjutor, who was used to travel through areas of his responsibility and represent the apostle in conferences.
The ministry was exclusively male, on the grounds of the headship of the man over the woman as laid down by God in Genesis.
All ministers had to be called by the word of prophecy to their place; this was still elective, in that frequent opportunity was given to present oneself as willing to take on a role in the ministry, and also that any direct call could be refused, though in practice this was extremely rare.
All ministers had to be ordained by the apostles or their delegates; after they had been called and responded faithfully, a date would be set for their ordination.
It also occurred that people would be called to an office (say, that of priest) but would fulfil a lower rank (say, that of deacon) until it became clear where they would serve.
This clarification was either prophetic or practical in character—if a priest was needed somewhere such a person might be asked to take up the role, or a special mission might be accorded.
All sermons were referred to the apostles in order to ensure that the teachings were in accordance with the Bible, revealed truth, and the apostles' doctrine.
The orders of those ordained by Greek, Roman, Lutheran, Presbyterian and Anglican bishops were recognized by the simple confirmation of their ordination through an apostolic act.
A bishop was in charge of only one congregation, though others might be under his care until they too could be put under the care of their own bishop.
All local ministers were subject to him, and he was responsible for the welfare of the congregations committed to his charge.
While the angels had full authority within their congregations, it was expected that, having received the apostles, they would acknowledge the apostles' oversight, doctrine and forms of worship.
If an angel had been sent to take charge of a congregation, he could not be inducted until that congregation had accepted him.
At least six priests were to be found to help the angel in the services, among them each of the four ministries was to be found.
The diaconate was particularly set up to look after the monetary affairs of the congregation, help the laity with regular visits and advice, and take part in evangelism.
Seven were set up in each full congregation for this end and there would be one helper who was also a deacon.
The hierarchy of angels, priests and deacons was not considered sufficient to perfect the saints, but the spiritual ministries taken from Ephesians 4:11 were developed for this end.
These were defined to be four in number (as against the interpretation of a fivefold ministry): (Apostle or) Elder, Prophet, Evangelist, and Pastor (or Teacher).
Since these ministries were supposed to indicate something about the fundamental character of the minister personally, the border could not be changed once defined.
Because the fourfold ministry was necessary to perform the full services of the liturgy, four priests, one of each border, had to be present along with the bishop.
The border could be defined for any person or minister; thus, there were combinations of rank and border in any manner.
For example, the angel-evangelists were particularly responsible for evangelism within their geographical region or tribe while angel-prophets were automatically at the disposal of the apostles in Albury.
The function of the prophets was to explain Scripture, minister the word of prophecy, and exhort to holiness, as well as to identify spiritual influences and borders (though this last function had to be done in special meetings call for that purpose and not at any time that pleased the prophet).
Once a congregation had an angel and the fourfold ministry from local people (not including ministers who had transferred from other congregations), the full services could be held.
There would be under-deacons who would help out in the church services (keeping doors, handing out liturgies, and so on) and also work with the deacons in visiting the congregation.
Two acolytes accompanied the angel during the celebration of the services and others would help robe the ministers beforehand but would not accompany the service.
After comparing their accounts, the copy would be sent to the apostles so that they could understand the spiritual state of the congregations.
The congregations were expected to be at least as spiritually endowed as the clergy, and prophetic utterances from the laity were common.
Each family or person living alone was under the care of a deacon, deaconess and priest, to whom they could resort if in need of advice or help, temporal as well as spiritual.
For ecclesiastical purposes, the church universal was divided into twelve tribes because Christendom was considered to be divided into twelve portions or tribes, defined according to the prevailing spiritual character of the country and only secondarily geographically.
Nineteenth-century political geography was not followed, notably in the recognition of Poland (which at that time did not exist as a country) as a tribe in its own right.
The apostles always held the supreme authority, though, as their number dwindled, their coadjutors inherited their responsibilities as long as they lived and assisted the survivors in the functions of the apostolate.
The central episcopacy of forty-eight was regarded as indicated by prophecy, being foreshown in the forty-eight boards of the Mosaic tabernacle.
All of the functions, ordinances, vestments and symbols were thus taken from the Bible and were said to be the fulfilment of how the primitive church was originally set up under the first Apostles.
All members were expected to be spiritual, there was no limitation of spiritual manifestations to the clergy, and contacts on spiritual matters between the clergy and the laity were encouraged, though only ordained ministers were allowed to preach or take services.
Each fully endowed congregation was presided over by its angel or bishop; under him were twenty-four priests, divided variously into the four ministries of elders, prophets, evangelists, and pastors.
With these were the deacons, seven of whom regulated the temporal affairs of the local church, though there could be up to 60 according to the number of people in the congregation.
The understanding was that each elder, with his co-presbyters and deacons, should have charge of 500 adult communicants in his district, making one church have 3000 members, corresponding to the number of converts at the first preaching of the Gospel in Acts.
Churches were to be built by the means of the local congregation and to their approved designs, though the organisation and layout of the church had to follow the apostles' prescriptions.
The church building had to be freehold and the title deeds given over to the apostles for their perpetual use; there was usually a set of trustees in each country for legal reasons.
The church was to be laid out in three distinct parts, corresponding to the three divisions of the tabernacle or the Temple in Jerusalem.
The nave would be for the congregation, then slightly elevated by a step or two the chancel for the priests and deacons (deacons sitting in cross benches at the entrance and priests along the sides).
The third part, slightly elevated again with regard to the chancel and separated from it by a low barrier with a gate, was the sanctuary.
If the congregation had the fourfold ministry, the seven lamps, reminiscent of the seven-branched candlestick of the Jewish rituals, would hang over the chancel near the sanctuary.
Over on the right side of the chancel stood a table of prothesis used for the to-be-consecrated bread and wine for the communion, as well as other offerings as the service demanded.
A lectern was provided in the chancel on the right side for the Scripture readings; while at the front of the chancel two further lecterns, on the left and on the right, were used for the Gospel and Epistle readings in the eucharist service.
A pulpit on the left side (as looking towards the altar) would be provided for preaching: sometimes this would be placed adjoining the chancel, sometimes in the nave among the congregation.
The ministry was supported by tithes in addition to the free-will offerings for the support of the place of worship and for the relief of distress.
Each local church sent a tithe of its tithes to the apostles, by which the ministers of the Universal Church were supported and its administrative expenses defrayed; by these offerings, too, the needs of poorer churches were supplied.
There was no collection during the service, but a trunk with various compartments for the different types of offerings was placed at the entrance to the church.
They were generally divided into tithes, general offerings, thank-offerings, offerings for the upkeep of the church, the poor, and support for the universal ministry.
Uniquely this trunk was left untouched until the presentation of the offerings during the Eucharist on Sundays, when it would be emptied and counted in a vestry by two deacons during part of the service, before a prayer of dedication to the purposes outlined would be pronounced.
The first impression dates from 1842 and includes elements from the Anglican, Roman, and Greek liturgies as well as original work.
The complete ceremony could be seen in their Central Church (now leased to Forward in Faith and known as Christ the King, Gordon Square) and elsewhere.
The daily worship consisted of matins with proposition (or exposition) of the sacrament at 6 am, prayers at 9 am and 3 pm, and vespers at 5 pm.
On all Sundays and holy days there was a solemn celebration of the Eucharist at the high altar; on Sundays this was at 11 am.
On other days low celebrations were held, in the side-chapels if the building had them, which with the chancel in all churches correctly built after apostolic directions were separated or marked off from the nave by open screens with gates.
The community laid great stress on symbolism, and in the Eucharist, while rejecting both transubstantiation and consubstantiation, held strongly to a real (mystical) presence.
It emphasized also the phenomena of Christian experience and deemed miracle and mystery to be of the essence in a spirit-filled church.
After the Testimony, the apostles were directed to travel through Christendom, to visit all parts of Christianity and Christian worship, and search for the correct forms; the form and content of worship was not to be the result of arbitrary choice but defined by interpreting the Bible.
Particular emphasis was laid on the relationship between the rites under the Jewish law as laid down in Leviticus and the liturgy of the church.
The apostles brought these back after one or two years to Albury and the worship was set in order as a result.
Following the more or less complete rejection of their Testimony, the apostles were led to set up congregations to look after those who had accepted them and had been excluded from their habitual places of worship and to install in them the forms of worship that they had been led to identify.
In the 1850s, the clergy of the Church of England were invited to come and see what had been set up, but this too remained fruitless.
Although many forms and prayers were taken over from different parts of the Church, many had to be written by the apostles since they did not exist elsewhere; about two-thirds of the liturgy was original.
The Apostles rejected transubstantiation as well as consubstantiation while insisting on the real spiritual presence of the Body and Blood of Christ in the sacrament.
Children were also admitted to communion from time to time, and more frequently until admitted to full communion, which generally occurred between the ages of 18 and 20.
These, together with the Eucharist (11 am on Sundays) and the Forenoon service which immediately preceded it, were considered services of obligation, to be attended as often as other duties allowed.
The full form could only be offered in a church under an inducted angel, where the four ministries had been provided by members of the congregation (rather than ministers co-opted from other congregations).
Each service in the full form started with an act of confession, followed by absolution, reading of the scriptures, anthems, psalms and the recital of the creed.
The fourfold ministry would then offer the four Pauline divisions of prayer – supplications, prayers, intercessions and giving of thanks, with the addition of collects for the seasons and with the Lord's prayer placed in the centre.
Shorter forms followed almost the same course but without the four divisions of prayer, without incense and in a less elaborate form.
Much of the music in the Catholic Apostolic Church is composed by Edmund Hart Turpin, former secretary of the Royal College of Organists.
Holy days required special services, in particular the feasts of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost; with other major celebrations at All Saint's day, Good Friday and the eve of Pentecost.
Among other feasts were Circumcision, Presentation, Ascension, All Angels, and Advent, as well as the anniversary of the separation of the apostles.
Comprehensive special services were also provided for many other occasions, both public and private, including ordinations, special days of humiliation or rejoicing, blessings for work and visiting the sick.
Prophetic utterances in any church were the responsibility of the angel who would note what had been said and in turn submit words that were found important to the apostles.
They would in turn use these words to direct their actions, and some would be circulated to the angels to be read to their congregations.
No-one was expected to act immediately upon any word but to wait for it to be ministered to them in the right way.
As therein described, the existence of a spiritual gift does not convey any superiority of the person involved but a benefit for the whole church; and each person may exhibit a gift as the Holy Ghost so moves them.
Classes were held for younger people and new members, a catechism was written, and regular contacts with the ministers having the care of the family or person was instituted and encouraged.
Infant baptism was practised on the grounds that it was the only gate to eternal life, and it seemed wrong to deny this to anyone.
With the agreement of the responsible minister this would be increased to three times per year at the feasts of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost as the child grew up, with communion once per month after the age of fourteen or so.
Full communion was entered into in a formal service not long before the laying on of the apostle's hands was to be arranged.
The existence of apparently separate congregations is understood by the community not as in any sense being a schism or separation from the one Catholic Church, but a separation to a special work of restoration, blessing and intercession on behalf of it on the one hand, and the results of the rejection of the Testimony on the other.
In the early days those who accepted the Apostles were told to remain in their congregations and explain their adherence to their ministers.
As the nuclei of the first congregations sprang out of the rejection of certain ministers by the churches to which they belonged, so many churches were set up to take care of those who were similarly cast out.
Indeed, sectarianism is wholly rejected: the basic principle is that all who are baptized in the name of the Trinity are Christian and form part of one church.
Inspired by outbreaks of agalliasis (manifestations of the Spirit), and miraculous healing, the numbers of those who accepted the Apostles throughout the world grew at an amazing rate.
The majority, after the rejection of the Apostles by the other churches, were cared for in separated congregations with ordained ministries.
However, when the last apostle died in 1901 without an appearance of the 'Light of the World', the Catholic Apostolic Church declined; since ordination was only possible with Apostolic consent, no further consecrations to the ministry could be made.
External evangelism, common since the beginning in 1835, ceased at the same time, and all services were reduced to a shorter form, even in congregations where the full Ministry was operating.
Estimated membership at the beginning of the 20th century was 200,000, in almost 1000 congregations worldwide, spread as follows: England: 315, Scotland 28, Ireland: 6, Germany: 348, Netherlands: 17, Austria/Hungary: 8, Switzerland: 41, Norway: 10, Sweden: 15, Denmark: 59, Russia, Finland, Poland and the Baltic States: 18, France: 7, Belgium: 3, Italy: 2, US: 29, Canada: 13, Australia: 15, New Zealand: 5, South Africa: 1.
The last Angel died in 1960 in Siegen, Germany; the last Priest in 1971 in London, England; the last Deacon in 1972 in Melbourne, Australia.
In 2014, the only active Catholic Apostolic congregation apparently left intact in the British Isles would seem to be the group conducting weekly worship at its large church in Maida Avenue, one of John Loughborough Pearson's last churches, near the Regent's Canal just west of Paddington station in London.
The absence of any ordained clergy whose ministry the congregation would accept means that little of the once impressive liturgy can still be employed.
Of the other buildings once operated in Britain, none appears to survive in its original use; the Liverpool church suffered a devastating arson attack when it was on the brink of creative re-use and was then demolished, despite a campaign to save it; a similar building in Manchester has also not survived.
The Apostles did not agree with this calling, and therefore the larger part of the Hamburg congregation who followed their 'angel' F.W.
Besides Thomas Carlyle, Edward Wilton Eddis contributed to the Catholic Apostolic Hymnal; Edmund Hart Turpin contributed much to catholic apostolic music.
Readiness for an expected immediate Second Coming of Christ was the central aim of the congregations; the restoration of perfect institutions by the Apostles was deemed necessary to prepare the whole church for this event.
The doctrines of achievable personal holiness, attainable universal salvation, the true spiritual unity of all baptized persons, living and dead, in the 'Body of Christ', the possibility of rapture without dying, and the necessity of the fourfold ministry directed by Apostles for perfecting the Church as a whole, formed the cornerstones of the theology.
John S. Davenport explained their theology by saying that the changes which attend the Coming of the Lord will not be such as will attract the attention or the gaze of men.
The pending judgments, such as are announced by the seven trumpets of the Apocalypse – the political, ecclesiastical, and social changes which they involve, will seem to come about as ordinary events in human history, produced by the changes that were working in society.
The rising up of the Antichrist and his full revelation will appear as the outcome of changes of opinion that have been going on for a long time, and will be upon men before they are aware of it.
It is only they who are looking for the Lord's appearing, who have received with faith and reverence the warnings of the great event, who will recognize its tokens and not be taken by surprise.
Thus, following the death of the last of the Apostles, Francis Valentine Woodhouse, in 1901, the consensus of trustees, who administer the remaining assets, has been that no further ordinations are possible.
Over a long period surviving ministers died until, by the mid-20th century, no ordained ministers remained and the sacraments of the church could no longer be celebrated.
Adherents were encouraged to share in the public worship of catholic-mined Christian communities including many churches in the Church of England.
During the 1980s the trustees refurbished and re-decorated the chapel at expense, presumably in readiness for the anticipated Return of the Lord.
The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields dealing with geological stratigraphy.
In its plainest form, it states that in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will be at the bottom of the sequence.
This is important to stratigraphic dating, which assumes that the law of superposition holds true and that an object cannot be older than the materials of which it is composed.
Superposition in archaeology and especially in stratification use during excavation is slightly different as the processes involved in laying down archaeological strata are somewhat different from geological processes.
Man-made intrusions and activity in the archaeological record need not form chronologically from top to bottom or be deformed from the horizontal as natural strata are by equivalent processes.
An example would be that the silt back-fill of an underground drain would form some time after the ground immediately above it.
Other examples of non vertical superposition would be modifications to standing structures such as the creation of new doors and windows in a wall.
Superposition in archaeology requires a degree of interpretation to correctly identify chronological sequences and in this sense superposition in archaeology is more dynamic and multi-dimensional.
Of those students, 95 percent live on campus, 73 percent study abroad and about 25 percent participate in 21 NCAA Division I sports.
An institution of higher learning of The Presbyterian Church USA, Davidson College was founded in 1837 by The Concord Presbytery after purchasing of land from William Lee Davidson II.
Church records show a meeting on May 13, 1835, among subsequent meetings, by members of the Concord Presbytery making plans to purchase and perform initial construction on the land, with land payments starting Jan. 1 of the following year.
The first students graduated from Davidson in 1840 and received diplomas with the newly created college seal designed by Peter Stuart Ney, who is believed by some to be Napoleon's Marshal Ney.
The college's financial situation improved dramatically in 1856 with a $250,000 donation by Maxwell Chambers, making Davidson the wealthiest college south of Princeton.
On November 28, 1921, the Chambers Building was destroyed in a fire but was reconstructed eight years later with funds provided by a generous gift from the Rockefeller family.
In 1924, James Duke formed the Duke Endowment, which has provided millions of dollars to the college, including a $15 million pledge in 2007 to assist with the elimination of student loans.
On May 5, 1972, the trustees voted to allow women to enroll at Davidson as degree students for the first time.
The first women were permitted to attend classes to increase the size of the student body during the American Civil War.
In early 2005, the College's Board of Trustees voted in a 31–5 decision to allow 20% of the board to be non-Christian.
John Belk, the former mayor of Charlotte and one of the heirs of Belk Department Store, resigned in protest after more than six decades of affiliation with the college.
Belk, however, continued his strong relationship with his alma mater and was honored in March 2006 at the Tenth Anniversary Celebration of the Belk Scholarship.
The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolled students was 650–720 for Evidence-Based Reading & Writing, and 660–750 for Math, while the ACT Composite range was 30–33.
In 2018, Kiplinger's Personal Finance rated Davidson College as the #1 best college for value across all colleges and universities in America.
Every student shall be honor bound to report immediately all violations of the Honor Code of which the student has first-hand knowledge; failure to do so shall be a violation of the Honor Code.
Every assignment submitted at Davidson includes either an implicit or (more often) explicit pledge that the student neither gave nor received assistance on the assignment beyond the bounds of the Honor Code.
Notes around campus are commonly seen, whether on a bulletin board or taped to a brick walkway, describing an item found at the location and the finder's contact information so that the property may be recovered.
Davidson has the fourth-smallest undergraduate enrollment of any school in Division I football, behind Presbyterian, VMI (Virginia Military Institute), and Wofford (smallest to largest).
Their colors are red and black, although since 2008, many sports including football, men's basketball, and men's soccer have moved towards a brighter hue of red and white.
Sports that compete in other conferences include football in Division I Football Championship Subdivision Pioneer Football League, and wrestling in the Southern Conference.
Davidson offers over 150 student organizations on campus, including arts & culture organizations, performance groups, sports groups, political organizations, gender and sexuality groups, religious organizations, and social action groups.
In addition to hosting concerts throughout the Fall and Spring semesters, the Union Board organizes events such as pancake breakfasts at midnight, movies, and Freshmen welcome events.
The fraternity and eating house system at Davidson is known as Patterson Court and is governed by the Patterson Court Council.
Sigma Phi Epsilon, Kappa Alpha Order, Phi Gamma Delta, Connor House, Phi Delta Theta, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Warner Hall, Kappa Sigma, Black Student Coalition, Rusk House, and Turner House all currently occupy houses on Patterson Court.
Additionally, Kappa Alpha Psi, Alpha Phi Alpha, Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Lambda Pi Chi, and Lambda Theta Phi maintain a presence on campus.
The NPHC sorority Alpha Kappa Alpha was the first sorority of Davidson College's social community, receiving its charter in the Fall of 2008.
The Multicultural Greek Council is the newest council to Davidson's Patterson Court, having been established with two Latino-interest organizations, Latinas Promoviendo Comunidad/Lambda Pi Chi sorority and Lambda Theta Phi fraternity in the spring of 2019.
In 2007, Davidson College announced that all students would have their demonstrated financial need met by grants and student employment; loans would no longer be a component of any Davidson financial aid package.
In addition to not including loans in their financial aid packages, Davidson's 2014 capital campaign adding 156 new scholarships funded with $88 million.
Davidson states that they are committed to providing 100% of demonstrated need of all students, with 44% of students receiving need-based aid and over 50% receiving some form of financial aid.
These include U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk, several governors of North and South Carolina, former White House Press Secretary Tony Snow, former U.S. Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx, Deputy White House Counsel in the Bill Clinton administration, Vincent Foster, mystery writer Patricia Cornwell, Susannah Wellford, President and Founder of , and Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, Charles Wright.
The 2015 and 2016 National Basketball Association's Most Valuable Player and 3-time champion Stephen Curry also attended and has stated that he intends to graduate.
The university was formed by the merger of the former Xi'an Highway University, Xi'an Engineering Institute and Northwest Institute of Construction Engineering on April 18, 2000.
It has five campuses (The Main, Yanta, Xiaozhai, Weishui and Taibai) in Xi'an.The Weishui Campus is for undergraduates and the other ones are mainly for postgraduates and social practices.
Anand Panyarachun (, , ; born 9 August 1932) was Thailand's Prime Minister twice: once between 1991–1992 and again during the latter half of 1992.
Anand was the youngest of twelve children of a wealthy family of Mon heritage on his father's side and Thai-Chinese (Hokkien) on his mother's.
His father studied in England on a king's scholarship, and later became a professor of all the royal schools and thereafter a successful businessman in the 1930s.
His Chinese ancestors came to Thailand in the mid-18th century and eventually became one of the country's most prominent Hokkien families.
Anand spent 23 years in the foreign service, serving at times as the Ambassador of Thailand to the United Nations, Canada, the United States, and West Germany.
In January 1976 he was appointed Permanent Secretary of the foreign ministry, and played a leading role in ensuring the US military withdrawal from Thailand.
Following that year's October coup, Anand was branded a communist by the military during the subsequent political witch hunts, presumably for the Foreign Ministry's role in the normalisation of diplomatic relations between Thailand and the People's Republic of China.
Although the civil service panel set up to investigate the allegations cleared him of any wrongdoing, Anand was put into relatively unimportant posts and in 1979 left the public sector for the private.
On 23 February 1991, a military coup led by Generals Sunthorn Kongsompong, supreme commander of the armed forces, and General Suchinda Kraprayoon, the commander-in-chief of the army, imprisoned the leader of the democratically elected administration of Chatichai Choonhavan.
Anand, closely linked to the palace and held in respect by both the bureaucracy and the business community, proved acceptable to the people and the international community.
Upon accepting the position of prime minister, Anand was quick to declare that he did not agree with everything the junta had done and that he intended to follow an independent course.
For the entire period of his premiership Anand faced constant pressure from the junta leaders, who tried to influence government decisions in order to gain financial benefits.
In a Bangkok poll in late-July 1991, 61 percent of respondents felt that the Anand government was more honest than previous administrations.
Arguably the most significant of the reforms was a restructuring of the taxation system, which saw the introduction of a value added tax (VAT) and a reduction in corporate and income taxation.
In addition, the process for obtaining official operating licences for factories was greatly simplified, while the method of allocating textile and tapioca quotas was made more apparent.
The government was also able to successfully conclude agreements for a number of large-scale infrastructure projects initiated by the Chatichai administration.
The projects themselves were also to be independently approved and monitored by agencies outside the government in order to minimise the opportunities for corruption.
In an attempt to spread the benefits of the country's economic growth, civil servants were given a 23 percent raise in wages, state employers a 20 percent wage rise, and the minimum wage was raised by 15 percent.
In addition to this, the Anand government allocated six billion baht in the 1992 fiscal budget to be distributed to villages for their own discretionary spending.
Anand made visits to China in September 1991 and Japan in December 1991, and went on to meetings with President George H. W. Bush in the United States.
He was able to shake off the stigma of being a junta-installed prime minister, instead successfully presenting the image of an administration determined to deregulate, cut red tape, and create an environment conductive to free enterprise.
Thailand under Anand became deeply involved in the Cambodian peace process, while relations with Vietnam went through a period of fence-mending and confidence-building.
The only foreign relations area where there were serious reasons for criticising Anand's administration was Thailand's soft stance towards the repressive military junta of Burma.
At first, he refused to comment as the Constitution Scrutinising Committee, hand-picked by Sunthorn, made changes to what became the final draft constitution.
Then on 16 November, Anand spoke out against clauses that gave the appointed 360 member Senate the same powers as elected members of the House of Representatives as well as a clause allowing permanent public officials and military officers to hold political posts.
Anand's refusal to interfere with the junta's actions meant that his administration failed to come to grips with human rights issues.
He had a comprehensive environmental bill passed, but it was ignored by the military, which continued to conduct its corrupt activities.
Not long after it had taken power, the NPKC announced a huge rural development project that would help solve the problems of rural landlessness and encroachment on protected forests, issues that had for decades occupied the king's attention.
The military had promised to resettle more than 1.2 million people to permanent farmlands, but instead callously evicted villagers from forest reserves, where they had lived in some cases for generations, and transferred the lands to corporate plantations.
With the NPKC in full control of the media, blatant censorship was practised of any issue that was critical of the military.
The transparency of the denials of censorship by the military-dominated Interior Ministry must have been apparent to Anand, but he chose to do nothing about them.
Suchinda resigned on 24 May 1992, following an intervention by the king that ended the violent military crackdown on massive popular protests against his government.
The five coalition parties that made up his administration still attempted to cling to power, however, despite calls for their resignation by the opposition and the press, and nominated Air Chief Marshal Somboon Rahong, leader of the Chart Thai Party, for the premiership.
Arthit however held back the nomination of Somboon following a meeting with privy councillor Prem, who was thought to have been exerting pressure on behalf of the king.
The House Speaker instead announced that no decision would be made until the constitutional amendments were passed on 10 June, adding that the next prime minister would be a civilian.
Only the coalition parties of the previous government were dismayed, turning at first on Arthit, who they saw as having betrayed them.
Four days later Anand announced the formation of his cabinet, which included twenty respected technocrats who had held ministerial portfolios during his previous tenure as prime minister.
The top tasks of Anand's government were the rehabilitation of the economy, the organisation of free and fair elections, and the removal of top armed forces commanders from their posts.
The Internal Peacekeeping Law, which allowed for the use of military force against demonstrators, was abolished on 29 June, and on 1 August, he removed Air Chief Marshal Kaset, General Issarapong, and General Chainarong, the First Regional Army Commander, from their posts.
In 1996, Anand was elected as a member of the Constitution Drafting Assembly and was appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
From March 2005, Anand served as chairman of the National Reconciliation Commission, tasked with overseeing that peace was restored to the troubled south.
A fierce critic of the Thaksin-government, Anand frequently criticised his handling of the southern unrest, and in particular the State of Emergency Decree.
Despite much criticism of the Thaksin-government's policies, Anand refused to submit the NRC's final report, choosing instead to wait for the results of the 2006 legislative election.
During November 2003 and December 2004, Anand was requested by then United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to chair the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change of the United Nations.
He is also the founding chairman of the Kenan Institute Asia, a social and economic development non-profit serving the development needs of the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Some of the projects under his leadership included recycling steel slag, implementing low cost HIV-diagnostic testing, building a waste water treatment plant, developing sustainable energy by generating energy from landfill gas, and building capacity in development.
Anand had been a sharp critic of Thaksin for several years prior to the coup, and he blamed the coup on Thaksin.
Anand claimed that the coup was well received by the people and that the military junta's ban against opposition or political activity would not last long.
In a private meeting with US Ambassador Ralph Boyce, whose post-meeting report was leaked by WikiLeaks, Anand was critical of Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn.
Anand noted that although the Crown Prince would succeed his father according to the law, the kingdom would be better off if other arrangements could be made.
Anand's alleged negative opinion of the Crown Prince was repeated by Privy Counsellor Prem Tinsulanonda and Siddhi Savetsila in their meetings with the US Ambassador, the reports of which were all leaked by Wikileaks.
Joseph Schweitzer, one of the two American pilots, confessed in 2012 that he had burned the tape containing incriminating evidence upon returning to the American base.
The pilot, Captain Richard J. Ashby, and his navigator, Captain Joseph Schweitzer, were put on trial in the United States and found not guilty of involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide.
Later they were found guilty of obstruction of justice and conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman for having destroyed a videotape recorded from the plane, and were dismissed from the Marine Corps.
The aircraft was flying at a speed of and at an altitude of between in a narrow valley between the mountains.
The cable was severed causing the cabin from Cermis with twenty people on board to plunge over , leaving no survivors.
Those killed, nineteen passengers and one operator, were eight Germans, five Belgians, three Italians, two Poles, one Austrian, and one Dutch.
Ambassador to Italy, Thomas M. Foglietta, visited the crash site and knelt in prayer, offering apologies on behalf of the United States.
Italian prosecutors wanted the four Marines to stand trial in Italy, but an Italian court recognized that North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaties gave jurisdiction to U.S. military courts.
Initially, all four men on the plane were charged, but only the pilot, Captain Richard J. Ashby, and his navigator, Captain Joseph Schweitzer, actually faced trial, charged with twenty counts of involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide.
It was determined that the maps on board did not show the cables and that the EA-6B was flying somewhat faster and considerably lower than allowed by military regulations.
The restrictions in effect at the time required a minimum flying height of ; Ashby said he thought they were at .
Ashby further claimed that the height-measuring equipment on his plane had been malfunctioning, and that he had been unaware of the speed restrictions.
Ashby and Schweitzer were court-martialed a second time for obstruction of justice and conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, because they had destroyed a videotape recorded from the plane on the day of the crash.
Ashby and Schweitzer were found guilty in May 1999; both were dismissed from the service and Ashby received a six-month prison term.
In their appeal, Ashby and Schweitzer asked for a re-examination of their trial and for clemency, challenging their dismissals in order to be eligible for military benefits.
They claimed that during the first trial the prosecution and the defense secretly agreed to drop the involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide charges, but to keep the obstruction of justice charge, in order to satisfy the requests coming from Italy.
In a formal investigation report redacted on March 10, 1998 and signed by Lieutenant General Peter Pace, the U.S. Marine Corps agreed with the results of the Italian officers.
The investigation team suggested that disciplinary measures against the flight crew and commanding officers should be taken, that the U.S. had to bear the full blame for what happened, and that victims' relatives were entitled to receive a monetary settlement.
The commission found that the squadron was deployed at Aviano on August 27, 1997, before the publishing of new directives by the Italian government forbidding flight below in Trentino-Alto Adige.
In the report, the pilots are said to be usually well-behaved and sane, without any previous case of drug abuse or psychological stress.
It was proved that the squadron commander, Lieutenant Colonel Muegge, and his assistants, Captains Roys, Recce, Watton, and Caramanian, did not alert the navigator about the new flight altitude limitations, maybe because the proposed flight had a lower ceiling of , enough to be safe with any cable in the area.
The report included an interview with the commander of 31st Fighter Wing, who stated that Muegge confessed to him that he and his crew, save for Ashby, were aware of the current flight limitations.
At the time of the disaster, the altimeter alert was set at , but the plane was flying at less than .
The document reports a camcorder aboard the flight, but it was blank after Schweitzer had taken the original cassette and burned it afterwards.
By February 1999, the victims' families had received USD $65,000 per victim as immediate help by the Italian government, which was reimbursed by the U.S. government.
In May 1999, the U.S. Congress rejected a bill that would have set up a $40 million compensation fund for the victims.
A cram school, informally called crammer and colloquially also referred to as test-prep or exam factory, is a specialized school that trains its students to meet particular goals, most commonly to pass the entrance examinations of high schools or universities.
As the name suggests, the aim of a cram school is generally to impart as much information to its students as possible in the shortest period of time.
The goal is to enable the students to obtain a required grade in particular examinations, or to satisfy other entrance requirements such as language skill (e.g.
Cram schools are sometimes criticised, along with the countries in which they are prevalent, for a focus on rote learning and a lack of training in critical thinking and analysis.
Most cram schools provide help for admission tests of public universities and medical colleges, and public examinations like SSC, and, HSC.
For example, cram schools now also prepare students for language tests like IELTS and TOEFL, aptitude tests like GRE, GMAT, SAT, and so on.
But as the population of students decreases each year and admission to domestic universities expands, the pressure of the Entrance Exam has been reducing.
These two-year programs are meant to prepare undergrad students to the entrance exams of high-profile graduate schools (Grandes écoles) in research, engineering and business — including École Normale Supérieure, HEC Paris, ESSEC, École polytechnique, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Télécom ParisTech, École des Ponts, Centrale-Supélec, École des Mines or ISAE-SUPAERO.
For the scientific branche; it consists of an hour test where a group of 3 students, each split at one board, is dealing with: a question related to a specific lesson (e.g.
English) it mainly consists in a 30min test: on the one hand listening to an audio or studying an article from a newspaper then summarizing it, and on the other hand writing an essay dealing with the theme of what was summarized during the first part of the test (=20 min).
The various curriculums of CPGE are known for their folklore (slang terms, songs and hymns, anecdotes), and often inherited from early 19th-century generations of students.
They are considered the norm for learning foreign languages (English language learning usually starts during the elementary school years) and for having a chance to pass the university entrance examinations.
The preparation for the country-wide university entrance examinations practically takes up the two last years of upper high school, and the general view is that the amount of relevant school hours is insufficient for the hard competition, regardless of the teachers' abilities.
In the weekend, the students usually have lessons in the cramming school on Saturday morning and on Sunday morning revision tests, leaving them exhausted and with no free time.
Greek students work very hard and also unhired teachers by the state find a way to employment through these private businesses.
These two popular views pave the ground for the abundant number of cram schools, also attended by numerous high school students for general support of their performance.
These cram schools put focus on the major public examinations in Hong Kong, namely HKDSE, and teach students on techniques on answering questions in the examinations.
Like in other countries, these tutorials have become a parallel education system with the aim of getting their clients through various competitive exams to enter prestigious institutions such as the Indian Institute of Science and Indian Institute of Technology .
Cram schools in Indonesia are called bimbingan belajar (learning assistance), often shortened into bimbel, and accepts students preparing for National Examinations before passing elementary school, junior high school, high school and college entrance exams.
Cram schools, called juku, are special private schools common in Japan that offer lessons conducted after regular school hours, on weekends, and during school vacations.
Although the South Korean educational system has been criticized internationally for its rigorousness, it remains common for South Korean schoolchildren to attend one or more cram schools after their elementary school-day is finished.
In Malaysia, it is considered a norm for parents, especially those from the middle and upper class, to send schoolchildren for private tuition.
Many concerned parents choose to send their children to different tuition classes or schedules based on the child's entrance examination subjects.
Some students may go to tuition for their weaker subjects, while many schoolchildren are increasingly known to attend at least 10 hours of private tuition every week.
Correspondingly, the reputation and business of a tuition center often depends on venue, schedule, number of top-scoring clients, and advertising by word of mouth.
It is not uncommon for private tutors to offer exclusive pre-examination seminars, to the extent where some tutors entice schoolchildren to attend such seminars with the promise of examination tips, or even supposedly leaked examination questions.
It has become prevalent in almost all levels of education, from junior classes to colleges and, to a lesser extent, universities.
Due to the near-universality of this system, it has become very difficult to compete successfully in almost any level of exams without them, despite the added burden on the students.
Cram Schools in Peru are not an admission requirement to enter to any Tertiary Institution; however, due to fierce competition, preparation in a cram school allows the candidate to achieve the highest mark possible in the entry exam and so gain entry to their desired Tertiary Institution.
Cram Schools are independent of universities, however, of recent a post-high-school, pre-university school has started at some public and private universities in Peru.
In Singapore, it is very common for students in the local education system to be enrolled in cram schools, better known locally as tuition centers.
Enrollment in these after-school tuition centers is extremely high, especially for students bound for national exams, such as the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), GCE O Levels, or the GCE A Levels.
It's a traditional belief that parents should send their children to all kinds of cram schools in order to compete against other talented children.
The meritocratic culture, which requires some skills testing for passports to college, graduate school, and even government service, is dominant on Taiwan's policy.
Some of them do not have instructors in class rooms in a traditional sense; students receive their tuition via television network, which can either relay a live session from another branch or replay a pre-recorded session.
The secondary reason of junior high school students is to want to know faster techniques whereas the reason of senior ones is to prepare for exam.
Most of the students in the top universities of Thailand have attended at least one cram class, especially in science-based faculties such as science, engineering, medicine, and pharmacy.
They will spend their whole year to study at home or at cram school for the better chance of going to top universities like Chulalongkorn University, Thammasart University, Kasetsart University, Mahidol University, or King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi.
Supplemental education centers were used as a loophole, and they also were required to disband as of July 1, 2017 except for ones for rehabilitation purposes of disabled students.
Crammers first appeared in Britain after 1855 when the Civil Service Commission created the Administrative class of government employees, selected by examination and interview rather than patronage.
Crammers offered to prepare men of 18 to 25 years old, for these examinations, mainly in classics, economics and foreign languages, which would provide entry to civil service or diplomatic careers.
Such supplementary instruction is used in the United States as a way to assist students who have learning disabilities or are struggling academically in a particular subject.
They are also used by some GED candidates and by many upperclassmen in high schools to prepare for the SAT, ACT, and/or Advanced Placement exams.
Unlike their Asian counterparts, however, these schools tend to stray from rote memorization; in contrast, their curriculums are geared more towards vocabulary drills, problem sets, practicing essay composition, and learning effective test-taking strategies.
College graduates and undergraduates near graduation will sometimes attend such classes to prepare for entrance exams necessary for graduate level education (i.e.
Review courses for the CPA examination (e.g., Becker Conviser, part of DeVry University) and the bar examination (e.g., Barbri) are often taken by undergraduate and graduate students in accountancy and law.
Juan José Arévalo Bermejo (10 September 1904 – 8 October 1990) was a professor of philosophy who became Guatemala's first democratically elected president in 1945.
As president, he enacted several social reform policies, including an increase in the minimum wage and a series of literacy programs.
He returned to Guatemala to help in the reconstruction efforts of the new post-Ubíco government, especially in the areas of social security and drafting of a new constitution.
Many foreign estates, especially those undeveloped for agriculture, were confiscated and redistributed to peasants; landowners were obliged to provide adequate housing for their workers; new schools, hospitals, and houses were built; and a new minimum wage was introduced.
Failure in achieving that was a weakness for Arévalo's party in Congress and thus for his administration, which his successor attempted to confront and to remedy with Decree 900.
Arévalo freely yielded succession to his presidency in 1951 to Jacobo Árbenz in the second democratic election in Guatemala's republican history.
Dictator Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, who, despite the firm opposition of the Kennedy administration, had pledged to oversee a free and open election in which Arévalo would participate, flew into exile to Nicaragua after he was deposed in a coup on 31 March 1963.
Arévalo, the revolution’s intellectual pillar, positioned his theoretical doctrine as integral to the construction of a progressive and peaceful Guatemalan society.
Governments are capable of initiating the formation of an ideal society by allowing citizens the freedom to pursue their own opinions, property and way of life.
The revolution's first president asserted that safeguarding the free will of citizens generates popular support for governmental institutions, which ensure the security of the individual and collective equally.
Democracy, according to Arévalo, was a social structure that required the restriction of civil rights in the event individual liberties conflict with national security and the will of the majority.
The limit on civil rights appears contradictory to the notion of a Guatemalan government that expresses the free will of the people.
Arévalo's rejection of Western oriented liberal individualism and apparent socialist inclinations led conservative sectors of the press to denounce the revolutionary president as a communist.
The president exiled several communist activists, declined to legalize the Communist Party of Guatemala, removed government officials with ties to the communist newspaper and shut down the Marxist instruction facility known as Escuela Claridad.
Regardless of the aforementioned measures, Arévalo endured nearly 30 attempted coups from members of the Guatemalan military due to his perceived empathy for communists.
A conversion from the remaining presence of feudalistic arrangements to a democratic socialist system was an aspiration of the revolutionary Guatemalan government.
Arévalo's political philosophy stressed the importance of government intervention in the realm of economic and social interests as necessary to sustain the desires of the majority's free will.
Deviating from Marxism, Arévalo valued property rights with the aim to subordinate them to benefit Guatemala as a whole if required.
Overall, Arévalo sought to improve the social environment of the working majority through a reform of the capitalist mode of production.
As a result, Arévalo was disliked by the Catholic church and the military, and faced at least 25 unsuccessful coup attempts during his presidency.
Arevalismo was considered a popular movement opposed to firm authoritarian rule with the overarching objective to free Guatemala from its dependent status to the developed states.
Hyperthermophiles are often within the domain Archaea, although some bacteria are able to tolerate temperatures of around 100 °C (212 °F), as well.
Some bacteria can live at temperatures higher than 100 °C at large depths in sea where water does not boil because of high pressure.
The most extreme hyperthermophiles live on the superheated walls of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, requiring temperatures of at least 90 °C for survival.
Strain 121 survives 130 °C for two hours, but was not able to reproduce until it had been transferred into a fresh growth medium, at a relatively cooler 103 °C).
Such proteins are homologous to their functional analogues in organisms which thrive at lower temperatures, but have evolved to exhibit optimal function at much greater temperatures.
In 2015, Shaykh Mubārak bin Sayf al-Thānī presented the first written draft of the anthem to the Qatar National Museum, where it will be put on display.
Chloroflexi), the species stains Gram negative, yet has a single lipid layer (monoderm), but with thin peptidoglycan, which is compensated for by S-layer protein.
As the name implies, these anoxygenic phototrophs do not produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, in contrast to oxygenic phototrophs such as cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants.
One idea is that bacteria with respiratory electron transport evolved photosynthesis by coupling a light-harvesting energy capture system to the pre-existing respiratory electron transport chain.
During the peak of Ottoman power, words of foreign origin in Turkish literature in Ottoman empire heavily outnumbered native Turkish words, with Arabic and Persian vocabulary accounting for up to 88% of the Ottoman vocabulary in some texts.
As in most other Turkic and other foreign languages of Islamic communities, the Arabic borrowings were not originally the result of a direct exposure of Ottoman Turkish to Arabic, a fact that is evidenced by the typically Persian phonological mutation of the words of Arabic origin.
The conservation of archaic phonological features of the Arabic borrowings furthermore suggests that Arabic-incorporated Persian was absorbed into pre-Ottoman Turkic at an early stage, when the speakers were still located to the north-east of Persia, prior to the westward migration of the Islamic Turkic tribes.
An additional argument for this is that Ottoman Turkish shares the Persian character of its Arabic borrowings with other Turkic languages that had even less interaction with Arabic, such as Tatar and Uyghur.
From the early ages of the Ottoman Empire, borrowings from Arabic and Persian were so abundant that original Turkish words were hard to find.
It was however not only extensive loaning of words, but along with them much of the grammatical systems of Persian and Arabic.
A person would use each of the varieties above for different purposes, with the variant being the most heavily suffused with Arabic and Persian words and the least.
For example, a scribe would use the Arabic () to refer to honey when writing a document but would use the native Turkish word when buying it.
In 1928, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, widespread language reforms (a part in the greater framework of Atatürk's Reforms) instituted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the replacement of many Persian and Arabic origin loanwords in the language with their Turkish equivalents.
The changes were meant to encourage the growth of a new variety of written Turkish that more closely reflected the spoken vernacular and to foster a new variety of spoken Turkish that reinforced Turkey's new national identity as being a post-Ottoman state.
At first, it was only the script that was changed, and while some households continued to use the Arabic system in private, most of the Turkish population was illiterate at the time, making the switch to the Latin alphabet much easier.
One major difference between modern Turkish and Ottoman Turkish is the former's abandonment of compound word formation according to Arabic and Persian grammar rules.
In 2014, Turkey's Education Council decided that Ottoman Turkish should be taught in Islamic high schools and as an elective in other schools, a decision backed by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who said the language should be taught in schools so younger generations do not lose touch with their cultural heritage.
Another transliteration system is the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG), which provides a transliteration system for any Turkic language written in Arabic script.
In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that was formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.
Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural processes.
Strata are typically seen as bands of different colored or differently structured material exposed in cliffs, road cuts, quarries, and river banks.
Each distinct layer is typically assigned a name, usually based on a town, river, mountain, or region where the formation is exposed and available for study.
For example, the Burgess Shale is a thick exposure of dark, occasionally fossiliferous, shale exposed high in the Canadian Rockies near Burgess Pass.
It is a percentage measuring how closely one thing belongs to another according to page counts returned by Google (similar measures using other search engines are possible).
The idea was proposed by Steven Berlin Johnson in a 2002 weblog post, and the term was coined by Gene Smith.
All one needs to do is calculate the percentage of the page count with the extra keyword, compared to the page count without the extra keyword.
A cafeteria, sometimes called a canteen outside the U.S., is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service, whether a restaurant or within an institution such as a large office building or school; a school dining location is also referred to as a dining hall or lunchroom (in American English).
In addition, there are often stations where customers order food, particularly items such as hamburgers or tacos which must be served hot and can be immediately prepared with little waiting.
For some food items and drinks, such as sodas, water, or the like, customers collect an empty container, pay at the check-out, and fill the container after the check-out.
For legal purposes (and the consumption patterns of customers), this system is rarely, if at all, used for alcoholic drinks in the United States.
Customers are either charged a flat rate for admission (as in a buffet) or pay at the check-out for each item.
In universities and colleges, some students pay for three meals a day by making a single large payment for the entire semester.
For example, schools, colleges and their residence halls, department stores, hospitals, museums, places of worship, amusement parks, military bases, prisons, factories, and office buildings often have cafeterias.
Although some of such institutions self-operate their cafeterias, many outsource their cafeterias to a food service management company or lease space to independent businesses to operate food service facilities.
At one time, upscale cafeteria-style restaurants dominated the culture of the Southern United States, and to a lesser extent the Midwest.
There were numerous prominent chains of them: Bickford's, Morrison's Cafeteria, Piccadilly Cafeteria, S&W Cafeteria, Apple House, Luby's, K&W, Britling, Wyatt's Cafeteria, and Blue Boar among them.
A few chains — particularly Luby's and Piccadilly Cafeterias (which took over the Morrison's chain in 1998) — continue to fill some of the gap left by the decline of the older chains.
Perhaps the first self-service restaurant (not necessarily a cafeteria) in the U.S. was the Exchange Buffet in New York City, opened September 4, 1885, which catered to an exclusively male clientele.
During the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, entrepreneur John Kruger built an American version of the smörgåsbords he had seen while traveling in Sweden.
The exposition attracted over 27 million visitors (half the U.S. population at the time) in six months, and it was because of Kruger's operation that America first heard the term and experienced the self-service dining format.
Meanwhile, in mid-scale America, the chain of Childs Restaurants quickly grew from about 10 locations in New York City in 1890 to hundreds across the U.S. and Canada by 1920.
It has been conjectured that the 'cafeteria craze' started in May 1905, when Helen Mosher opened a downtown L.A. restaurant where people chose their food at a long counter and carried their trays to their tables.
The earliest cafeterias in California were opened at least 12 years after Kruger's Cafeteria, and Childs already had many locations around the country.
Outside the United States, the development of cafeterias can be observed in France as early as 1881 with the passing of the Ferry Law.
Accordingly, the government also encouraged schools to provide meals for students in need, thus resulting in the conception of cafeterias or cantine (in French).
According to Abramson, prior to the creation of cafeterias, only some students were able to bring home-cooked meals and able to be properly fed in schools.
Thus, due to pressure from workers and eventually new labor laws, sizable businesses had to, at minimum, provide established eating areas for its workers.
Support for this practice was also reinforced by the effects of World War II when the importance of national health and nutrition came under great attention.
A cafeteria in a U.S. military installation is known as a chow hall, a mess hall, a galley, mess decks or, more formally, a dining facility, often abbreviated to DFAC, whereas in common British Armed Forces parlance, it is known as a cookhouse or mess.
In some older facilities, a school's gymnasium is also often used as a cafeteria with the kitchen facility being hidden behind a rolling partition outside non-meal hours.
A food court is a type of cafeteria found in many shopping malls and airports featuring multiple food vendors or concessions, although a food court could equally be styled as a type of restaurant as well, being more aligned with public, rather than institutionalised, dining.
Some institutions, especially schools, have food courts with stations offering different types of food served by the institution itself (self-operation) or a single contract management company, rather than leasing space to numerous businesses.
Modern-day British cathedrals and abbeys, notably in the Church of England, often use the phrase refectory to describe a cafeteria open to the public.
For example, although the original 800-year-old refectory at Gloucester Cathedral (the stage setting for dining scenes in the Harry Potter movies) is now mostly used as a choir practice area, the relatively modern 300-year-old extension, now used as a cafeteria by staff and public alike, is today referred to as the refectory.
Like normal cafeterias, a person will have a tray to select the food that they want, but (at some campuses) instead of paying money, pays beforehand by purchasing a meal plan.
The method of payment for college cafeterias is commonly in the form of a meal plan, whereby the patron pays a certain amount at the start of the semester and details of the plan are stored on a computer system.
Typically, the college tracks students' usage of their plan by counting the number of predefined meal servings, points, dollars, or number of buffet dinners.
The plan may give the student a certain number of any of the above per week or semester and they may or may not roll over to the next week or semester.
The main cafeteria is usually where most of the meal plan is used but smaller cafeterias, cafés, restaurants, bars, or even fast food chains located on campus, on nearby streets, or in the surrounding town or city may accept meal plans.
A college cafeteria system often has a virtual monopoly on the students due to an isolated location or a requirement that residence contracts include a full meal plan.
Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland PC (c. 1575 – September 1633) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1601 to 1622.
Cary was the son of Sir Edward Cary, of Berkhamstead and Aldenham, Hertfordshire, Master and Treasurer of His Majesty's Jewels, and his wife Catherine Knevet or Katherine Knyvett, daughter of Sir Henry Knevet or Knyvett, Master of the Jewel Office to Queen Elizabeth and King James, and wife Anne Pickering, and widow of Henry Paget, 2nd Baron Paget.
His father was the son of Sir John Cary (d. 9 September 1552) and wife Joice Denny (d. from 10 November 1560 to 30 January 1560/61) and nephew of Sir William Carey.
Subsequently, he served in France and the Low Countries, and was taken prisoner by Don Luis de Velasco, probably at the siege of Ostend (a fact referred to in the epigram on Sir Henry Cary by Ben Jonson).
At the investiture of Charles Prince of Wales in 1616 he was created a KB In 1617 he became Comptroller of the Household and a Privy Councillor.
He was created Viscount Falkland in the county of Fife, in the Scottish peerage on 10 November 1620 (the title, with his naturalisation, was confirmed by Charles I by diploma in 1627).
In 1621 he was re-elected MP for Hertfordshire; his Scots peerage gave him the right, which he was the first to exercise, of sitting in the English Commons.
Chiefly through the favour of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham Cary was appointed to succeed Sir Oliver St John, 1st Viscount Grandison, as lord deputy of Ireland.
In office he showed himself both bigoted in his opinions and timid in carrying out a policy which continually dallied with extremes.
Although he was conscientious, he was easily offended, and he failed to conduct himself with credit when confronted with any unusual difficulties.
This proclamation was highly inappropriate at the time because of the (ultimately unsuccessful) negotiations for the Spanish marriage of the Prince of Wales.
In February 1624 he received an order from the English privy council to refrain from more extreme measures than preventing the erection of religious houses and the congregation of unlawful assemblies.
Falkland convened an assembly of the nobility of Ireland on 22 September 1626, on account of the difficulties of maintaining the English army in Ireland.
They promised the removal of certain religious disabilities and the recognition of sixty years' possession as a bar to all claims of the crown based on irregularities of title.
Falkland did not conduct the negotiations with skill, and for a long time there seemed no hope of a satisfactory settlement.
Falkland believed that his difficulties with the nobility had been largely due to the intrigues of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Adam, Lord Loftus, After the dissolution of the assembly of the nobility in 1627, he brought a charge against Loftus of malversation, and of giving encouragement to the nobility to refuse supplies.
Falkland had for some years been engaged in tracking out what he supposed was a dangerous conspiracy of the Byrnes of Wicklow, and in August 1628 was able to announce to Charles I that the result of his protracted investigations had been successful, a true bill having been found against them at the Wicklow assizes.
The aim of Falkland was to set up a plantation in Wicklow on the confiscated estates of the Byrnes, but as his designs were disapproved of by the commissioners of Irish causes, the king appointed a committee of the Irish privy council to investigate the matter more fully.
When, as the result of the inquiry, it was discovered that the Byrnes had been the victims of false witnesses, Falkland was, on 10 August 1629, directed to hand over his authority to the lords justices on the pretext that his services were required in England.
Cary broke his leg, which then had to be amputated, in Theobalds Park and as a result, he died in September 1633.
An epitaph by him on Elizabeth, countess of Huntingdon, is given in Wilford's ‘Memorials.’ Among his papers was found ‘The History of the most unfortunate Prince, King Edward II, with choice political observations on him and his unhappy favourites, Gaveston and Spencer,’ which was published with a preface attributed to Sir James Harrington in 1680.
Falkland was in the habit of ingeniously concealing the year of his age in a knot flourished beneath his name, a device by which he is said to have detected a forger who had failed to recognise its significance.
Cary married in 1602 Elizabeth Tanfield (1585–1639), daughter and heiress of Sir Lawrence Tanfield, lord chief baron of the exchequer, and his wife Elizabeth Symonds, daughter of Giles Symondes of Claye, Norfolk.
In very early years she showed a strong inclination for the study of languages, mastering French, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Hebrew, and Transylvanian.
As the result of her study of the fathers, she was converted to the Catholic faith, when about nineteen years of age.
On account of her change of faith her father probably passed her over in his will (for the circumstances see under Lucius Cary).
One of the most intimate friends of Lady Falkland was William Chillingworth, but after his conversion to Protestantism she blamed him for endeavoring to pervert her children.
She published a translation of French Cardinal Jacques Davy Duperron's reply to the attack on his works by King James, but the book was ordered burned.
Afterwards she translated the whole of Perron's works for the benefit of scholars at Oxford and Cambridge, which was never printed.
She also wrote in verse the lives of St. Mary Magdalene, St. Agnes the Martyr, and St. Elizabeth of Portugal, as well as numerous hymns in honor of the Virgin Mary.
Thomas Chalmers (17 March 1780 – 31 May 1847), was a Scottish minister, professor of theology, political economist, and a leader of both the Church of Scotland and of the Free Church of Scotland.
In May 1803, after attending further courses of lectures at the University of Edinburgh, and acting as assistant to the professor of mathematics at St Andrews, he was ordained as minister of Kilmany, about 9 miles from the university town, where he continued to lecture.
Chalmers then opened mathematical classes on his own account which attracted many students; at the same time he delivered a course of lectures on chemistry, and ministered to his parish at Kilmany.
In 1815 he became minister of the Tron Church, Glasgow, in spite of determined opposition to him in the town council on the grounds of his evangelical teaching.
In November 1817 Chalmers used a memorial sermon for Princess Charlotte of Wales to appeal for a Christian effort to deal with the social condition of Glasgow.
He declared that twenty new churches, with parishes, should be erected in Glasgow; and he set to work to revive the old parochial economy of Scotland.
The town council agreed to build one new church, attaching to it a parish of 10,000 persons, mostly weavers, labourers and factory workers, and this church was offered to Chalmers.
In September 1819 he became minister of the church and parish of St John, where of 2000 families more than 800 had no connection with any Christian church.
In 1823 Chalmers accepted the chair of moral philosophy at the University of St Andrews, the seventh academic offer made to him during his eight years in Glasgow.
In 1834 Chalmers was elected fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in the same year he became corresponding member of the Institute of France; in 1835 Oxford conferred on him the degree of DCL.
He was appointed chairman of a committee for church extension, and in that capacity made a tour through a large part of Scotland, addressing presbyteries and holding public meetings.
He also issued numerous appeals, with the result that in 1841, when he resigned his office as convener of the church extension committee, he was able to announce that in seven years upwards of £300,000 had been contributed, and 220 new churches had been built.
The courts made it clear that the Church, in their opinion, held its temporalities on condition of rendering such obedience as the courts required.
The non-intrusionist movement ended in the Disruption: on 18 May 1843, 470 clergy withdrew from the general assembly and constituted themselves the Free Church of Scotland, with Chalmers as moderator.
In 1846 he became the first principal of the Divinity Hall of the Free Church of Scotland, as it was initially called.
On 28 May 1847 Chalmers returned to his house at Church Hill in Morningside, near Edinburgh, from a journey to London on the subject of national education.
On the following day (Saturday) he was employed in preparing a report to the General Assembly of the Free Church, then sitting.
On Sunday, the 30th, he continued in his usual health and spirits, and retired to rest with the intention of rising at an early hour to finish his report.
His wife Grace Pratt died 16 January 1850 and is buried with him, as is his daughter Grace Pratt Chalmers (1819-1851) and his other two daughters.
A series of sermons on the relation between the discoveries of astronomy and the Christian revelation was published in January 1817, and within a year nine editions and 20,000 copies were in circulation.
As a political economist he first dealt with: the relationship between the degree of the fertility of the soil and the social condition of a community; capital accumulation; and the general doctrine of a limit to all the modes by which national wealth may accumulate.
He was the first also to advance that argument in favour of religious establishments which met on its own ground the doctrine of Adam Smith, that religion – like other things – should be left to the operation of the law of supply and demand.
He also thought that poor-relief officials should be tenured and business-like; and voluntary taxation was the correct way to support poor relief.
When Chalmers undertook the management of the parish of St John's, the poor of the parish cost the city £1400 per annum, and in four years the pauper expenditure was reduced to £280 per annum.
The investigation of new applications for relief was given to the deacon of the district, and an effort was made to enable the poor to help themselves.
At this time there were few parishes north of the Forth and Clyde where there was a compulsory assessment for the poor, but the English method of assessment was spreading.
In arguing that private charity should outweigh public expenditure in relieving poverty, he was one of a group of British writers of the period of similar views, that included also Samuel Richard Bosanquet, Thomas Mozley and Frederick Oakeley.
In his St Andrews lectures Chalmers excluded mental philosophy and included the whole sphere of moral obligation, dealing with man's duty to God and to his fellow-men in the light of Christian teaching.
In the field of ethics he made contributions in regard to the place and functions of volition and attention, the separate and underived character of the moral sentiments, and the distinction between the virtues of perfect and imperfect obligation.
As noted by Robert M. Young, these books effectively represent an encyclopedia of pre-evolutionary natural history, commissioned and published whilst Charles Darwin was on board the .
The commencement of the first day's work I hold to be the moving of God's Spirit upon the face of the waters.
This form of old Earth creationism posits that the six-day creation, as described in the Book of Genesis, involved literal 24-hour days, but that there was a gap of time between two distinct creations in the first and the second verses of Genesis, explaining many scientific observations, including the age of the Earth.
Green Tortoise Adventure Travel is an American long-distance tour bus company founded by Gardner Kent in mid-1973 and based in San Francisco, California.
Green Tortoise's buses for its first two decades or more were secondhand transit buses built in the 1950s and modified by the removal of nearly all seatsreplaced by a long foam bed in the rear two-thirds of the busand the installation of overhead luggage racks that could be converted into bunk beds.
In 1979, Green Tortoise lengthened its cross-country journey time to seven days and began focusing more on tour bus service than on transportation.
Green Tortoise, Grey Rabbit and the smaller alternative bus companies all operated informally and without licenses for interstate operation during the 1970s.
In 1981, the Tortoise and Rabbit, the only two still operating, both were granted temporary operating permits by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
However, ridership on the alternative buses had been declining ever since the implementation of U.S. airline deregulation in the late 1970s, which had spawned much lower airfares.
In 1983, the company was still operating a regular weekly service from San Francisco to Portland and San Francisco to Los Angeles, along with occasional cross-country trips, in addition to its slower-paced excursions.
The company aims to foster a social environment among its passengers, who work together to cook most meals, which are often vegetarian.
Itineraries typically try to avoid heavily touristed locations, and prioritize places of natural and cultural interest such as national parks, monuments, forests, hot springs, or archaeological ruins.
Green Tortoise has historically made trips to destinations in the United States including Alaska and regular summer coast-to-coast routes from San Francisco to Boston and back.
Special trips are also arranged to festivals every year, including a Mardi Gras trip to New Orleans, the Oregon Country Fair and Burning Man, where they also operate a shuttle bus from the event into nearby Gerlach and Empire, Nevada.
In 2004, the fleet was still mostly made up of 1950s ex-Greyhound buses and 1960s ex-transit buses, but at least one or two new 1990s highway coaches had been added.
The Seattle hostel was originally located in the Queen Anne neighborhood, but moved in 1997 to a location on Second Avenue in downtown Seattle, taking over the former Forest Hotel after a year of remodeling.
That building was demolished in 2006, and the hostel moved to a different location in downtown Seattle, on Pike Street, across from the Pike Place Market.
Mia Katherine Zapata (August 25, 1965 – July 7, 1993) was an American musician who was the lead singer for the Seattle punk band The Gits.
After gaining praise in the nascent grunge scene, Zapata was murdered in 1993 while on her way home from a music venue.
The crime went unsolved for a decade before her killer, Jesus Mezquia, was tried, convicted and sentenced to 36 years in prison.
Zapata learned how to play the guitar and the piano by age nine, and was influenced by punk rock as well as jazz, blues, and R&B singers such as Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, Jimmy Reed, Ray Charles, Hank Williams, and Sam Cooke.
As the Gits were making a name for themselves in the local music scene, they often played shows with their friends' band, 7 Year Bitch.
She lived on two different sides of the street—the straight side on one, with parochial schools, an affluent family, and tennis clubs.
On his way to her funeral, Zapata's father became lost and recalls many people carrying yellow roses: the admission ticket to her service.
Many would group them together with bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, but Mia brought a voice of femininity to the grunge scene that had not been seen yet.
Although the group was 75% men, the band as a whole and Mia Zapata in particular gained quite a following amongst the feminist community of Seattle at the time.
In 1990, after the move to Seattle, the Gits went on a very successful international tour, spreading the word about the band, all without the support of a record label.
Throughout the recording of the second album, the band had planned a large US and European tour as well as many local shows, all the while being courted by various recording labels.
She stayed at a studio space in the basement of an apartment building located a block away, and briefly visited a friend who lived on the second floor.
She may have walked a few blocks west, or north to a friend's apartment, or may have decided to take the long walk south to her home.
According to the medical examiner, if she had not been strangled, she would have died from the internal injuries suffered from the beating.
According to court documents, an autopsy found evidence of a struggle in which Zapata suffered blunt impact to her abdomen and a lacerated liver.
The Seattle music community, including its most famous bands – Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden – helped raise $70,000 to hire a private investigator for three years.
The funds dried up without any major breaks in the case, but the investigator, Leigh Hearon, continued to investigate on her own time.
In 2003, Florida fisherman Jesus Mezquia, who had come from Cuba in 1980 in the Mariel boatlift, was arrested in connection with Zapata's murder.
A DNA profile was extracted from saliva found on Zapata's body and kept in cold storage until the STR technology was developed for full extraction.
An original entry in 2001 failed to generate a positive result, but Mezquia's DNA entered the national CODIS database after he was arrested in Florida for burglary and domestic abuse in 2002.
Her headset covered her ears so she would have been unaware of any danger until he grabbed her and dragged her to his car where he assaulted her in the back seat.
Home Alive organized benefit concerts and released albums with the participation of many bands, including Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Heart, and the Presidents of the United States of America.
The Home Alive group's instructors offered a range of courses, from anger management and use of pepper spray to the martial arts.
The final cut of the film was released theatrically in over 20 North American cities on July 7, 2008, the 15th memorial anniversary of Zapata's death.
Also, after her death, she quickly acquired a symbolic status as a feminist icon, martyr, and poster child for rape and violence toward women in the eyes of many folks—which had nothing to do with who she was as an actual person.
He was the son of an English silk dyer who was usually accounted to have emigrated to Copenhagen, Denmark, among the retinue of Princess Louisa, a daughter of George II, upon her marriage to Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark in 1743.
The father established himself as a hosier in 1744, and Charles seems to have benefited from the warm reception that Louisa and her retinue received from the Danes.
This seems to have been granted, although students were generally required to adhere to the Danish Church and Bertram remained Anglican.
On 23 March 1748, Bertram petitioned the king to be permitted to give public lectures on the English language and became a teacher of English in the Royal Marine Academy in Copenhagen.
Bertram refused his attempts to purchase the original manuscript for the British Museum, but Stukeley had received copies of the text piecemeal over a series of letters and had a version of the map by early 1750.
Poste notes that the volume appeared in no manuscript catalogues of the era but offered that it could have been stolen at the time of the Cotton Library's fire in 1732.
There had been a monk named Richard at Westminster Abbey in the mid-15th century and Bertram suggested this date to Stukeley.
Stukeley examined the text for years before reading his analysis of the work and its itineraries before the Society of Antiquaries in 1756 and publishing its itineraries in 1757.
The work was studied critically and various aspects of Pseudo-Richard's text were universally rejected, including his claimed province of Vespasiana in lowland Scotland.
Nonetheless, the legitimacy of the text itself was unquestioned for decades despite no actual manuscript ever being seen by another person.
Instead, Bertram always provided credible reasons why the actual document could not be made available and provided copies to satisfy each new request for information.
The success of the forgery was partially due to the difficulty in finding Bertram's original text, which had a limited printing in Copenhagen.
British scholars generally relied on Stukeley's translation, which obscured some of the questionable aspects of the text, until a new volume with the original text and a full translation was published anonymously by Henry Hatcher in 1809.
By Hatcher's time, it had become impossible to purchase a copy in London or Copenhagen and his own edition was produced through the loan of William Coxe's copy.
Some of the routes mentioned by the work had seemed to have been subsequently borne out and excuses were made for the known errors.
Blame fell hardest on the reputation of William Stukeley, although it also impugned Gibbon, Roy, and other scholars who had accepted it.
The floor of the library proper within the upper storey lies several feet below the external division between the two storeys, reconciling the demands of use with the harmony of architectural proportion.
It is credited as being one of the first libraries to be built with large windows to give comfortable light levels to aid readers.
At the end of each stack is a fine limewood carving by Grinling Gibbons, and above these are plaster cast busts of notable writers through the ages.
A later addition is a full size statue of Lord Byron carved by Bertel Thorvaldsen, originally offered to Westminster Abbey for inclusion in Poets' Corner, but refused due to the poet's reputation for immorality.
On the east balustrade of the library's roof are four statues by Gabriel Cibber representing Divinity, Law, Physic (medicine), and Mathematics.
As part of the complex of buildings surrounding Nevile's Court, Great Court and New Court, the library is a Grade I listed building.
To date, over 160 of the 1250 medieval manuscripts owned by the College have been digitised and are freely available to read online.
Blanchette, determined to settle at the site, asked if Guillet, who had become the chief of a Dakota tribe, had chosen a name for it.
Blanchette settled there in 1769 under the authority of the Spanish governor of Upper Louisiana, and served as its civil and military leader until his death in 1793.
Peter Easton (c. 1570 – 1620 or after) was a pirate in the early 17th century who operated along the Newfoundland coastline between Harbour Grace and Ferryland from 1611 to 1614.
He controlled such seapower that no sovereign or state could afford to ignore him and he was never overtaken or captured by any fleet commissioned to hunt him down.
The Historic Rose Manor based in Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and Labrador, is in close proximity to the fort that once housed Peter and his crew .
In 1602, Easton was in command of a convoy as a privateer with a commission from Elizabeth I of England to protect the Newfoundland fishing fleet.
During these times, fishing vessels would carry arms and small cannons to protect the valuable cargo of fish from pirates and foreign vessels.
He could also attack the ships and wharves of the enemy as much as he wished, especially the much hated Spanish.
The area around The Rose Manor Inn was a staging and the turning point in Easton's career on 23 June 1604, when Elizabeth I was succeeded by James I.
Easton attacked Spanish ships for gold in the West Indies and the Mediterranean Sea, while in the meantime demanding and receiving protection money from English ships.
He raided and plundered both English and foreign vessels and the harbours of Newfoundland, press-ganging fishermen into his service along the way.
On one expedition, he plundered thirty ships in St. John's and held Sir Richard Whitbourne prisoner, releasing him on the condition that Whitbourne would go to England and obtain a pardon for Easton.
Easton continued to protect John Guy's colony at Cuper's Cove but did not allow him to establish another colony at Renews.
No details of the battle are known except that a few days later, Easton arrived in Tunis loaded with treasure and four Spanish galleons in tow.
With its high hills, it would have made a perfect hiding place as ships masts would have remained concealed from nearly all approaches to the harbour.
Many of the older residents of Oderin attest to having seen the remnants of the fortifications well into the 20th century.
Easton eventually settled in Villefranche, Savoy with two million pounds of gold, acquiring the title Marquis of the Duchy of Savoy.
The kitchen cutting board is commonly used in preparing food; other types exist for cutting raw materials such as leather or plastic.
There are also cutting boards made of glass, steel, or marble, which are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones such as nylon or corian, but tend to damage knives due to their hardness.
A good cutting board material must be soft, easy to clean, and non-abrasive, but not fragile to the point of being destroyed.
Hard cutting boards can, however, be used for food preparation tasks that do not require a sharp knife, like cutting cheese or making sandwiches.
Wood has some advantages over plastic in that it is somewhat self-healing; shallow cuts in the wood will close up on their own.
Good hardness and tight grain help reduce scoring of the cutting surface and absorption of liquid and dirt into the surface.
Care must be taken when selecting wood, especially tropical hardwood, for use as a cutting board, as some species contain toxins or allergens.
Bamboo cutting boards are an alternative to plastic or glass cutting boards, partially because Bamboo is commonly thought to be naturally antimicrobial (although studies show otherwise).
The stalk is then cut into specific sizes and sent through a pressing process that strips the stalks into smaller plank-like pieces.
Plastic boards are usually called PE (polyethylene) cutting boards, or HDPE (high-density polyethylene plastic), the material of which these boards are made.
There are several certifications of plastic cutting boards, one being NSF, that certifies the plastic has passed requirements to come in contact with food.
However, unlike wood, plastic boards do allow rinsing with harsher cleaning chemicals such as bleach and other disinfectants without damage to the board or retention of the chemicals to later contaminate food.
While glass looks like an easy surface to keep clean, glass cutting boards can damage knives because of the high hardness of the material.
Steel shares with glass the advantages of the durability and ease of cleaning, as well as the tendency to damage knives.
Depending on the exact steel and heat treatment used, at best a steel cutting board will wear the edge on knives quickly; at worst chip, dent, or roll it like glass.
Sanitation with cutting boards is a delicate process because bacteria can reside in grooves produced by cutting, or in liquids left on the board.
Bacteria or allergens can easily be transmitted from one part of the kitchen to another or from one food to another via knives, hands, or surfaces such as chopping boards.
To reduce the chance of this it is advised to use separate boards for different types of food such as raw meat, cooked meat, dairy and vegetables.
To remove odors, the board can be rinsed and then rubbed with coarse salt and left to stand for several minutes before being wiped and rinsed clean.
Wooden boards should never be placed in the dishwasher, or left immersed for long periods, as the wood or glue may be affected.
A light food-grade mineral oil is a good preservative for wooden cutting boards, as it helps keep water from seeping into the grain.
In general, edible savory vegetable or olive oils are not recommended because they tend to go rancid, causing the board to smell and food to pick up the rancid taste.
It is still equally as important to clean the boards thoroughly after each use as bacteria can lie and grow in any imperfections on the surface.
Although many boards are dishwasher safe, both domestic and professional boards which are HDPE will be warped by the hot water, making them unsafe.
In 2002, another study found that pine wood in particular had antibacterial properties, while two other types of wood did not reduce bacteria relative to plastic.
.htaccess files act as a subset of the server's global configuration file (like httpd.conf) for the directory that they are in, or all sub-directories.
The original purpose of .htaccess—reflected in its name—was to allow per-directory access control by, for example, requiring a password to access World Wide Web content.
More commonly, however, the .htaccess files define or override many other configuration settings such as content type, character set, Common Gateway Interface handlers, etc.
For historical reasons, the format of .htaccess files is a limited subset of the Apache HTTP server's global configuration file httpd.conf even when used with web servers such as Oracle iPlanet Web Server and Zeus Web Server which have very different native global configuration files.
A dating agency is a business which acts as a service for matchmaking between potential couples, with a view toward romance and/or marriage between them.
There is a rise of businesses who teach men how they can meet women themselves without the use of a dating agency, some of which use the label pickup artist.
Marriage agencies run by clergymen were introduced to England and Wales in the late 18th century, prompting considerable amusement from the social commentators of the day.
Men and women would classify themselves into three classes, and would generally state how much money they earned, or would be given as a dowry.
By 1825 an agency in Bishopsgate, London, opened three days a week for members of the public looking for a partner to describe themselves and subscribe to the appropriate list.
Though most people meet their dates at social organizations, in their daily life and work, or are introduced through friends or relatives, commercial dating agencies emerged strongly, but discreetly, in the Western world after World War II, mostly catering for the 25–44 age group.
Since the emergence of the Internet, mate-finding and courtship have seen changes due to online dating services and mobile dating services.
Telecommunications and computer technologies have developed rapidly since around 1995, allowing daters the use of home telephones with answering machines – mobile phones – and web-based systems to find prospective partners.
Many singles look for love on the Web, and research in the United Kingdom suggests that as of 2004 there were around 150 agencies in that country, where the market was apparently growing at around 20 percent a year.
Academic researchers find it impossible to find precise figures about crucial statistics, such as the ratio of active daters to the large number of inactive members (whom an agency will often wrongly claim as potential partners, leaving them 'on the books' long after they have left) and the overall ratio of men to women in an agency's membership.
Due to the ratio of available single women being biased against men in the Western world, many dating and marriage agencies began to offer services over-seas.
The trend of singles making a Web connection continues to increase, as the percentage of North American singles who have tried Internet dating has grown from two percent in 1999 to over ten percent today (from Canadian Business, February 2002).
More than half of online consumers (53%) know someone who has started a friendship or relationship online, and three-quarters of 18-to-24-year-old online consumers (74%) say they do.
South Falkland was an English colony in Newfoundland established by Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, in 1623 on territory in the Avalon Peninsula including the former colony of Renews.
The settlers are thought to have returned to England or Ireland by 1630, and Cary granted much of his land to Sir Henry Salisbury who had been Cary's only known investor.
Daniel Sexton Gurney (April 13, 1931 – January 14, 2018) was an American racing driver, race car constructor, and team owner who reached racing's highest levels starting in 1958.
Gurney is the first of three drivers to have won races in Sports Cars (1958), Formula One (1962), NASCAR (1963), and Indy cars (1967).
In 1967, after winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans together with A. J. Foyt, Gurney spontaneously sprayed champagne while celebrating on the podium, which thereafter became a custom at many motorsports events.
As owner of All American Racers, he was the first to put a simple right-angle extension on the upper trailing edge of the rear wing.
This device, called a Gurney flap, increases downforce and, if well designed, imposes only a relatively small increase in aerodynamic drag.
At the 1968 German Grand Prix, he became the first driver ever to use a full face helmet in Grand Prix racing.
Jack was discovered to have a beautiful voice after taking voice lessons in Paris and changed his career path to become lead basso with the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York, eventually retiring in 1947.
At age 19, he built and raced a car that went 138 miles per hour (mph) (222 kilometres per hour [km/h]) at the Bonneville Salt Flats.
This ill-handling brute of a car was very fast, but even top drivers like Carroll Shelby and Ken Miles had found it difficult to handle.
He finished second in the inaugural Riverside Grand Prix (behind Shelby), beating established stars like Masten Gregory, Walt Hansgen and Phil Hill.
This attracted the attention of famed Ferrari North American importer Luigi Chinetti, who arranged for a factory ride for the young driver at Le Mans in 1958.
Gurney, teamed with fellow Californian Bruce Kessler, had worked the car up to fifth overall and handed over to Kessler, who was then caught up in an accident.
This performance and others earned him a test run in a works Ferrari, and his Formula One career began with the team in 1959.
In just four races that first year, he earned two podium finishes, but the team's strict management style did not suit him.
At the Dutch Grand Prix, at Zandvoort, a brake system failure on the BRM caused the most serious accident of his career, breaking his arm, killing a young spectator and instilling in him a longstanding distrust of engineers.
The accident also caused him to make a change in his driving style that later paid dividends: his tendency to use his brakes more sparingly than his rivals meant that they lasted longer, especially in endurance races.
On rare occasions, as when his car fell behind with minor mechanical troubles and he felt he had nothing to lose, he would abandon his classic technique and adopt a more aggressive (and riskier) style.
This circumstance produced what many observers consider the finest driving performance of his career, when a punctured tire put him nearly two laps down halfway through the 1967 Rex Mays 300 Indycar race at Riverside, California.
He produced an inspired effort, made up the deficit and won the race with a dramatic last-lap pass of runner-up Bobby Unser.
After rules changes came in effect in , Gurney teamed with Jo Bonnier for the first full season of the factory Porsche team, scoring three second places.
He came very close to scoring a maiden victory at Reims, France, in 1961, but his reluctance to block Ferrari driver Giancarlo Baghetti (a move Gurney regarded as dangerous and unsportsmanlike) allowed Baghetti to pass him at the finish line for the win.
After Porsche introduced a better car in with an 8-cylinder engine, Gurney broke through at the French Grand Prix at Rouen-Les-Essarts with his first World Championship victory – the only GP win for Porsche as an F1 constructor.
One week later, he repeated the success in a non-Championship F1 race in front of Porsche's home crowd at Stuttgart's Solitude Racetrack.
Brabham scored the maiden victory for his car at the 1963 Solitude race, but Gurney took the team's first win in a championship race in 1964 at Rouen.
In all, he earned two wins (in 1964) and ten podiums (including five consecutive in 1965) for Brabham before leaving to start his own team.
With his victory in the Eagle-Weslake at the 1967 Belgian Grand Prix, Gurney earned a distinction as the only driver in history to score maiden Grand Prix victories for three different manufacturers: Porsche, Brabham and Anglo-American Racers.
While Gurney did not achieve his goal of getting the design licensed for manufacture and sale by a major motorcycle manufacturer, the initial production run of 36 Alligator motorcycles quickly sold out and are now prized collector's items.
During the 1.5-litre era of Formula 1, Gurney's head and shoulders extended high into the windstream compared to his shorter competitors, giving him (he felt) an aerodynamic disadvantage in the tiny, underpowered cars.
In 1962, Gurney and Carroll Shelby began dreaming of building an American racing car to compete with the best European makes.
Gurney was not comfortable with the name at first, fearing it sounded somewhat jingoistic, but felt compelled to agree to his benefactor's suggestion.
Because Gurney's first love was road racing, especially in Europe, he wanted to win the Formula One World Championship while driving an American Grand Prix 'Eagle'.
The car has often been characterised as a primarily British-based effort; in later interviews, Gurney was clear that the car was designed and built by crew members based in the All American Racers Southern California-based facility.
The Weslake V12 engine was not ready for the 1966 Grand Prix season so the team used outdated four-cylinder, 2.7-litre Coventry-Climax engines for their first appearance in the second race of the year in Belgium.
The next season the team failed to finish any of the first three races, but on June 18, 1967, Gurney took a historic victory in the Belgian Grand Prix.
This win came just a week after his surprise victory with A. J. Foyt at 24 hours of Le Mans, where Gurney spontaneously began the now-familiar winner's tradition of spraying champagne from the podium to celebrate the unexpected win against the Ferraris and the other Ford GT40 teams.
Gurney said later that he took great satisfaction in proving wrong the critics (including some members of the Ford team) who predicted the two great drivers, normally heated rivals, would break their car in an effort to show each other up.
Despite the antiquated engine tooling used by the Weslake factory (dating from World War I), failures rarely stemmed from the engine design itself, but more often from unreliable peripheral systems like fuel pumps, fuel injection and the oil delivery system.
He led the 1967 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring when a driveshaft failed two laps from the end with a 42-second lead in hand.
Among American Formula One drivers, his 86 Grand Prix starts ranks third, and his total of four GP wins is second only to Mario Andretti.
The elder Clark took Gurney aside at his son's funeral in 1968 and confided that he was the only driver Clark had ever feared on the track.
Gurney made his Indy début at the wheel of a space-frame, rear-engined car designed by John Crosthwaite and built by American hot-rodder Mickey Thompson Despite a misfiring engine, Gurney ran comfortably in the top 10 until a transmission seal failed on the 92nd lap.
In 1969, he did not race in Formula One, instead racing in the USAC Championship Car series and also in CanAm.
In 1969, he finished 4th in total points, despite starting only half the races of most top drivers (and would have finished second in the season standings to champion Mario Andretti if not for a driveshaft failure while leading comfortably with three laps remaining in the season finale at Riverside).
The serial success of the Gurney/Wood Brothers combination did not sit well with NASCAR officials, so in 1967 Gurney signed to drive a Mercury for Bill Stroppe and legendary NASCAR crew chief Bud Moore.
Gurney is credited with numerous appearances in NASCAR Grand American stockcars, a pony car division that existed between 1968 and 1971, but these results came in races co-sanctioned with SCCA's Trans-Am, where Dan competed regularly for Mercury, and later Plymouth.
When he returned with the same car for a race three months later, the local club's technical inspectors disallowed his entry.
In his swan song as a driver, in October 1970 Gurney returned for the season finale at his beloved Riverside, finishing fifth.
Gurney agreed to drive a second Rod Osterlund Chevrolet for one NASCAR race as teammate to 1979 rookie of the year Dale Earnhardt.
For added publicity and supposedly as a condition of allowing Gurney to drive in the race after a 10-year layoff, Richter insisted that Gurney attend the racing school run by former teammate and friend Bob Bondurant (Gurney and Bondurant had shared the GT-class-winning Cobra Daytona coupe at Le Mans in 1964).
In a Chevy MonteCarlo painted white with blue and carrying his famed number 48, Gurney qualified seventh and easily ran with the leaders.
Displaying his usual fluid style, Gurney raced up to second place, and was running third when the input shaft in the transmission let go, something Dan later said he had never seen happen before or since.
Gurney was recruited by Carroll Shelby, who was mounting a Ford-powered challenge to Ferrari's dominance of the FIA 2+ liter GT class in the World Championship of Makes for the 1964 season.
Shelby developed the Shelby Daytona Coupe, a derivative of the AC Cobra that had competed the previous year, with a lower drag coupe body.
The team of Gurney and Bob Bondurant drove the Shelby Coupe to a GT class win, fourth overall, in the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans and Gurney took it to another class win, third overall, in the RAC Tourist Trophy race.
Ford's hopes for edging Ferrari for the Manufacturers' title at the 1000 km Monza season finale were dashed when the event was cancelled.
In 1965 Ford teams won the Manufacturers' title for the GT class, although Gurney was only with Shelby for Le Mans and did not finish.
Gurney joined the Shelby-American campaign in the Sports Prototype class for 1966, which fielded the new 7 liter GT40 Mk II.
Gurney's best finish that year was second place, teamed with Jerry Grant in a Mk II at the 24 Hours of Daytona.
Between success with the new Mk II and the older GT40s, Ford secured the World Championship of Makes for sports cars, sealed by a resounding 1-2-3 finish at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
After a dismal showing at Daytona with the Mk II, Shelby introduced the Mk IV at the 12 Hours of Sebring with a resounding win.
After that demonstration the Mk IVs were held in preparation for Le Mans, with Ford's hopes for a repeat championship resting on the GT40s and GT40-derived Mirages campaigned by other teams in the intervening races.
A controversial decision to withhold points from the Mirage win at the Spa 1000 km event from Ford's season credit virtually killed hopes for a repeat championship and gave Le Mans an all-or-nothing aspect for Ford.
Pre-race press chatter about the Mk IV's prospects, and in particular about Shelby's team of Gurney and Indy car driver A.J.
Foyt, was negative: the Mk IV was too heavy and put too much demand on its brakes, it was structurally weak, it would be difficult to control, Foyt the oval racer was in over his head, Foyt would try to prove himself in the shadow of sportscar master Gurney, and so on.
The static about Foyt was more stereotype than reality, as he had shown his road course mettle with a second-place showing at the grueling 12 Hours of Sebring in a Mk II earlier that year.
As it turned out the race went like clockwork for Gurney and Foyt, establishing an early lead and a comfortable margin over the rival Ferraris, driving at a disciplined pace, and establishing a new record of 388 laps.
On the podium, Gurney took the magnum of champagne and saw an opportunity for a playfully pointed statement towards journalists he saw crowding around.
Ford's factory efforts for the World Sportscar Championship ended that year, as a new engine capacity limit of 3 liters for the Sports Prototype class made their entries ineligible and they had no engines that could be eligible and competitive.
In November 1971, Gurney and co-driver Brock Yates won the first competitive running of the Cannonball Baker Sea-To-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash, known widely as the Cannonball Run, an unofficial, unsanctioned automobile race from New York City to Redondo Beach, California.
Gurney and Yates made the run in 35 hours and 54 minutes in a stock 1971 Sunoco-blue Ferrari 365GTB/4 Daytona coupe capable of .
Gurney and Yates received no prize for winning; however, the winning car is now part of a private collection and valued at several million dollars.
He was the sole owner, Chairman and CEO of All American Racers from 1970 until his son, Justin, assumed the title of CEO in early 2011.
The team won 78 races (including the Indianapolis 500, the 12 Hours of Sebring, and the 24 Hours of Daytona) and eight championships, while Gurney's Eagle race car customers also won three Indianapolis 500 races and three championships.
CART began its first full season of competition in March 1979 and thus the first split in open wheel racing began.
AAR withdrew from the CART series in 1986, but enjoyed tremendous success with Toyota in the IMSA GTP series, where in 1992 and 1993 Toyota Eagles won 17 consecutive races, back-to-back Drivers' and Manufacturers' Championships, and wins in the endurance classics of Daytona and Sebring.
The team returned to CART as the factory Toyota team in 1996, but left again after the 1999 season when Goodyear withdrew from the series and Toyota ended their relationship with the team.
He is also a member of the Sebring International Raceway Hall of Fame, and the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame.
In 1391, he obtained a licence from the abbot to go to Rome and in this the abbot gave his testimony to Richard's perfect and sincere observance of religion for upwards of thirty years.
The manuscript of this is in the university library at Cambridge and was edited in two volumes for the Rolls Series by John Mayor.
At the conclusion of the fourth book Richard expresses his intention of continuing his narrative from the accession of William I, and incorporating a sketch of the Conqueror's career from his birth.
He gives, however, numerous charters relating to Westminster Abbey and also a very complete account of the saints whose tombs were in the abbey church, especially concerning Edward the Confessor.
The work was, however, largely used by historians and antiquaries until, with the rise of a more critical spirit, its value became more accurately estimated.
It was then published under a variant of his name (') and the conflation was universally accepted, to the point where Richard's name is more associated with the discredited forgery than with his own works.
It was built around 1150 by the Marmion family; Robert Marmion offered it in patronage to the Barbery Abbey, subject to the Bayeux diocese, in 1181.
In genetic algorithms and evolutionary computation, crossover, also called recombination, is a genetic operator used to combine the genetic information of two parents to generate new offspring.
It is one way to stochastically generate new solutions from an existing population, and analogous to the crossover that happens during sexual reproduction in biology.
Different algorithms in evolutionary computation may use different data structures to store genetic information, and each genetic representation can be recombined with different crossover operators.
In some cases, it is possible to use specialized crossover and mutation operators that are designed to avoid violating the constraints of the problem.
For example, a genetic algorithm solving the travelling salesman problem may use an ordered list of cities to represent a solution path.
Plenty of outdoor activities are available: kayaking, paragliding, climbing, hill walking and mountain biking, taking advantage of the geology of Norman Switzerland.
Finnish nominals, which include pronouns, adjectives, and numerals, are declined in a large number of grammatical cases, whose uses and meanings are detailed here.
Because so much information is coded in Finnish through its cases, the use of adpositions (postpositions in this case) is more limited than in English, for instance.
Traditionally, Finnish grammars have considered, on syntactic grounds, the accusative to be a case unto itself, despite its being identical to the nominative or genitive case.
The formation of the partitive plural is rather variable, but the basic principle is to add '-i-' to the inflecting stem, followed by the '-(t)a' partitive ending.
However, in a similar way to verb imperfects, the '-i-' can cause changes to the final vowel of the stem, leading to an apparent diversity of forms.
NB the consonant stem used to be quite common in the essive, and some nouns and adjectives still have this feature.
The prolative is almost exclusively found in a few fossilised forms in modern Finnish (though it is more common, but not an official case in Estonian).
These can be classified according to a three-way contrast of entering, residing in, and exiting a state, and there are three different systems of these cases.
Sir Francis Tanfield (born 1565, date of death unknown) was Proprietary governor of the South Falkland colony (in present-day Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) of Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, his cousin's husband.
The colony was still in existence in 1626 when it was visited by Sir Richard Whitbourne but the settlers likely returned to England shortly afterwards.
The most probable identification of Tanfield is that he was the son of Clement Tanfield and his wife, Anne, of Gayton, Northamptonshire, born 1565.
He was knighted in July 1603 and, in September, accompanied the new ambassador, Lord Spencer, to the court of the Duke of Württemberg, Frederick I, who was duke over what is now part of Germany.
The college is associated with Moravian Theological Seminary and traces its founding to 1742 by Moravians, descendants of followers of the Bohemian Reformation (John Amos Comenius) though it did not receive a charter to grant baccalaureate degrees until 1863.
Moravian College is sixth-oldest college in the United States and the first to educate women, as well as Native Americans in their own language.
The college traces its roots to the Bethlehem Female Seminary, which was founded in 1742, as the first boarding school for young women in the U.S.
The seminary was created by Benigna, Countess von Zinzendorf, the daughter of Count Nikolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, who was the benefactor of the fledgling Moravian communities in Nazareth and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
The Female Seminary was incorporated by the Pennsylvania State Legislature in 1863 and became the women's college, the Moravian Seminary and College for Women in 1913.
The college also traces its roots to the founding of two boys' schools, established in 1742 and 1743, which merged to become Nazareth Hall in 1759.
It was later incorporated by the Pennsylvania State Legislature as Moravian College and Theological Seminary in 1863 as a baccalaureate-granting institution.
Beginning in 1858 and continuing to 1892, the seminary and college relocated from Nazareth to a former boys’ school on Church Street in Bethlehem, located on the present site of the Bethlehem City Hall.
The men's Moravian College and Theological Seminary then settled in the north end of the city (the present-day North Campus) as a result of a donation from the Bethlehem Congregation of the Moravian Church in 1888.
The first buildings constructed at North Campus, Comenius Hall and Zinzendorf Hall, were completed in 1892 and joined the property's original brick farmhouse to form the new campus.
The merger of the two institutions combined the North Campus (the location of the men's college from 1892–1954) and the South Campus (the location of the women's college) into a single collegiate campus.
Although the college is one of the oldest educational institutions in the United States, it is not considered one of the nine original Colonial Colleges, but rather a colonial-era foundation.
Moravian College currently enrolls about 1,700 full-time undergraduate students in a wide variety of majors, all of which are presented in the liberal arts tradition.
Faith communities most often represented among the seminary's students include: Moravian, Lutheran, UCC, Episcopal, United Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Quaker, Mennonite, Unitarian Universalist, African Methodist Episcopal, Assembly of God, Brethren, Reformed, and nondenominational.
USG has a legislature, composed of 16 senators from the undergraduate body, an executive, including an elected president and vice president, appointed cabinet and staff, and a judiciary, composed of appointed justices.
A somewhat unusual facet of college governance is the existence of two elected student members of Moravian College's Board of Trustees; both are full, voting members and serve two-year terms.
Moravian College awards these undergraduate and graduate degrees: Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Business Administration, Master of Education, Master of Human Resource Management, and six Master of Science programs in nursing; the seminary grants Master of Divinity, Master of Arts in Pastoral Counseling, and Master of Arts in Theological Studies degrees.
The college's programs are offered at four locations, known as the Main Street Campus (North Campus), the Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus (South Campus), the Steel Field Complex, and the Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Center.
Many of the buildings on that campus were built during the colonial period, including the Brethren's House, built in 1748, which served as a hospital during the Revolutionary War, and currently houses the Music Department.
Also located on Priscilla Payne Campus are the President's House, Main Hall (1854), the Widow's House, Clewell Hall, West Hall, South Hall, the 1867 Chapel, Clewell Dining Hall, and the Central Moravian Church.
The facilities have been renovated to include Payne Gallery (renovated from the original women's gymnasium – 1903), the College's two-level art gallery that offers several shows each year, and Foy Concert Hall.
Also located on the Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus are Peter Hall, a medium-sized colonial style recital hall, Hearst Hall, a small colonial style recital hall, and individual student rehearsal rooms and art studios.
The College presents the nationally-renowned Christmas Vespers services in the Central Moravian Church, located on the corner of Main and Church streets across from Brethren's House.
Many of the buildings on the Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus are located in a National Register of Historic Places District and Church Street has been referred to as one of the most historic streets in America.
In the 2009–2010 school year, Moravian College added a new living complex on the Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus called the HILL.
Initially given in 1888 and settled in 1892, the North Campus is also known as the Main Street campus, as it is physically larger and is the site of the majority of the college's buildings, academic departments, administration, and student residences.
A statue of Comenius, which was a gift to the college from Charles University of Prague and the Moravian Church of Czechoslovakia, stands in front of Comenius Hall.
John Makuvek Field is a synthetic-turf field that is home to the Greyhounds' field hockey, men's and women's lacrosse, and men's and women's soccer teams.
The field is named for John Makuvek, who retired in 1996 after four years as athletics director, and in 2010 after 43 years as head golf coach.
The field is located at the center of campus, with views from the residential halls, Reeves Library, and the portico of the Haupert Union Building.
The facility is a 55,000 ft facility hosting classes for both undergraduate and graduate programs, including nursing, informatics, and the health sciences and features the region's only virtual cadaver lab.
Most of the College's athletic fields are located at this complex, including the football stadium with a grandstand capacity of 2,400 and Sportexe turf field, eight-lane Mondo Super X Performance synthetic track, the softball field, the Gillespie baseball field, the Hoffman tennis courts, the football practice fields, and a fieldhouse.
The 43,000+ ft building is the home of the college’s Master of Science in Athletic Training program, Doctor of Athletic Training (DAT), as well as the future Master of Science in Occupational Therapy, Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology, and Doctor of Physical Therapy programs — positioning Moravian College as one of just three liberal arts colleges in the country to house these programs under one roof.
However, the contract was then changed, and the ship was laid down on 30 April 1944 to a revised design as a Bay class.
Work on the ship was suspended in August 1945 after the cessation of hostilities, and she ship was laid up at the builder's yard.
However, post-war demobilisation meant that there was a shortage of personnel, and it was not until July that she had her full complement.
She exercised with Mediterranean Fleet ships in October, before sailing to Singapore, arriving on 21 November to join the 4th Frigate Flotilla in patrols and anti-insurgent operations on the coast of Malaya during the Malayan Emergency.
She was deployed in October for bombardment and patrol duties off the west coast of Korea with other Commonwealth ships, including sister ship , and the New Zealand frigates and .
In November she was deployed with Task Group 95.13 in minesweeping operations off the west coast, and in December was deployed in support of evacuation of Inchon with CTG 95.12, while under the command of Commander J.J.E.
In July she was attached to United States Navy Task Group 95.12 to assist in bombardments off the east coast of Korea in support of military operations, receiving a congratulatory signal from the Commander of the U.S. 7th Fleet Vice Admiral Harold M. Martin.
In February she sailed to Sasebo for her third operational UN tour, deployed with CTG 95.22 in the Sonjin and Chojin areas off the east coast.
In March she was transferred to RN Task Group for service on west coast for patrol duties and gunfire support, returning to Hong Kong in May.
In September she was deployed off the west coast for island patrols and support, then off the East coast in October, and returned to Hong Kong in November.
After exercises, she was deployed as guardship at Pangyong Do from 31 October, and carried out patrol and gunfire support duties.
On 9 December she was relieved by the destroyer and took passage to Kure, then to Hong Kong for fleet exercises.
In January 1954 she was deployed in operations and patrols off Malaya, taking part in fleet exercises in February, before sailing to Hong Kong for maintenance, and a new CO, Commander A.C. Tupper.
After an extensive refit she was put back in commission on 31 July for service on America and West Indies Station under the command of Commander T.C.
In October and November she visited various Caribbean island ports, then in December she took part in joint exercises with the cruiser and ships of the United States.
The year 1956 was spent in an extensive series of visits to ports in Central America, and of the United States, as well as a major multi-national exercise in June with USN, RN, Canadian and Dutch ships.
After a refit by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston, Southampton, she was handed over to the Portuguese Navy on 3 August 1961.
However, in late 1943 the contract was changed, and the ship was laid down on 23 October 1944 to a revised design as a Bay class.
Finally, on 20 March 1946, the ship was transferred to the shipyard of John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston, Southampton where she was completed on 11 April 1949.
From 1950 to 1953 she was part of the United Nations Task Force based at Sasebo, Japan, with other Commonwealth warships in support of military operations in Korean waters, spending routine maintenance and rest periods at Kure, Japan.
She was also deployed for Squadron duties, including patrols to protect British merchant ships trading between ports in China and the South China Sea.
When not deployed off Korea she carried out patrols off Malayan coast in support of British anti-insurgent operations, and took part in Squadron and Fleet exercises and visits to ports in the Far East.
In September of that year she returned to the UK to refit and then served in the West Indies in 1955, in the South Atlantic in 1957, and then returned to Far East.
She was modernized by John I Thornycroft in Southampton, before being commissioned by the Portuguese Navy on the 3 August 1961.
The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power based in Magadha and founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated the Indian subcontinent between 322 and 185 BCE.
Comprising the majority of South Asia, the Maurya Empire was centralized by the conquest of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and its capital city was located at Pataliputra (modern Patna).
The empire was the largest political entity that has ever existed in the Indian subcontinent, extending over at its zenith under Ashoka.
Chandragupta Maurya raised an army, with the assistance of Chanakya (also known as Kauṭilya), and overthrew the Nanda Empire in .
Chandragupta rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India by conquering the satraps left by Alexander the Great, and by 317 BCE the empire had fully occupied northwestern India.
The Mauryan Empire then defeated Seleucus I, a diadochus and founder of the Seleucid Empire during the Seleucid–Mauryan war, thus acquiring territory west of the Indus River.
At its greatest extent, the empire stretched along the natural boundary of the Himalayas, to the east into Assam, to the west into Balochistan (southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran) and the Hindu Kush mountains of what is now eastern Afghanistan.
The dynasty expanded into India's southern regions by the reign of the emperors Pushkar and Bindusara, but it excluded Kalinga (modern Odisha), until it was conquered by Ashoka.
It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule, and dissolved in 185 BCE with the foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.
Under Chandragupta Maurya and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture, and economic activities all thrived and expanded across South Asia due to the creation of a single and efficient system of finance, administration, and security.
The Maurya dynasty built the Grand Trunk Road, one of Asia's oldest and longest trade networks, connecting the Indian subcontinent with Central Asia.
Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased socio-religious reform across South Asia, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism and sponsorship of Buddhist missionaries allowed for the expansion of that faith into Sri Lanka, northwest India, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Egypt, and Hellenistic Europe.
The population of the empire has been estimated to be about 50–60 million, making the Mauryan Empire one of the most populous empires of antiquity.
The dynasty's connection to the peacocks, as mentioned in the Buddhist and Jain traditions, seems to be corroborated by archaeological evidence.
For example, peacock figures are found on the Ashoka pillar at Nandangarh and several sculptures on the Great Stupa of Sanchi.
However, the Puranas themselves make no mention of Mura and do not talk of any relation between the Nanda and the Maurya dynasties.
The Maurya dynasty ruled for 137 years The cultural influence of the Hellenistic kingdoms founded in the Persianate regions of Gandhara, and parts of India and Kashmir, influenced the artistic style and culture of these places.
After the death of Alexander the Great, the founder of the Maurya dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, reconquered the Indus Valley and northwest India.
According to several legends, Chanakya travelled to Magadha, a kingdom that was large and militarily powerful and feared by its neighbours, but was insulted by its king Dhana Nanda, of the Nanda dynasty.
Meanwhile, the conquering armies of Alexander the Great refused to cross the Beas River and advance further eastward, deterred by the prospect of battling Magadha.
The Greek generals Eudemus and Peithon ruled in the Indus Valley until around 317 BCE, when Chandragupta Maurya (with the help of Chanakya, who was now his advisor) orchestrated a rebellion to drive out the Greek governors, and subsequently brought the Indus Valley under the control of his new seat of power in Magadha.
Using his intelligence network, Chandragupta gathered many young men from across Magadha and other provinces, men upset over the corrupt and oppressive rule of king Dhana Nanda, plus the resources necessary for his army to fight a long series of battles.
These men included the former general of Taxila, accomplished students of Chanakya, the representative of King Parvataka, his son Malayaketu, and the rulers of small states.
The Macedonians (described as Yona or Yavana in Indian sources) may then have participated, together with other groups, in the armed uprising of Chandragupta Maurya against the Nanda dynasty.
A battle was announced and the Magadhan army was drawn from the city to a distant battlefield to engage with Maurya's forces.
He also managed to create an atmosphere of civil war in the kingdom, which culminated in the death of the heir to the throne.
Chanakya contacted the prime minister, Rakshasas, and made him understand that his loyalty was to Magadha, not to the Nanda dynasty, insisting that he continue in office.
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, Chandragupta led a series of campaigns in 305 BCE to retake satrapies in the Indus Valley and northwest India.
Seleucus I received the 500 war elephants that were to have a decisive role in his victory against western Hellenistic kings at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE.
Megasthenes' description of Mauryan society as freedom-loving gave Seleucus a means to avoid invasion, however, underlying Seleucus' decision was the improbability of success.
Aelian, although not expressly quoting Megasthenes nor mentionning Pataliputra, described Indian palaces as superior in splendor to Persia's Susa or Ectabana.
The famous Tamil poet Mamulanar of the Sangam literature described how areas south of the Deccan Plateau which comprised Tamil country was invaded by the Maurya army using troops from Karnataka.
Mamulanar states that Vadugar (people who resided in Andhra-Karnataka regions immediately to the north of Tamil Nadu) formed the vanguard of the Mauryan army.
Bindusara, just 22 years old, inherited a large empire that consisted of what is now, Northern, Central and Eastern parts of India along with parts of Afghanistan and Baluchistan.
He brought sixteen states under the Mauryan Empire and thus conquered almost all of the Indian peninsula (he is said to have conquered the 'land between the two seas' – the peninsular region between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea).
Apart from these southern states, Kalinga (modern Odisha) was the only kingdom in India that didn't form the part of Bindusara's empire.
It was later conquered by his son Ashoka, who served as the viceroy of Ujjaini during his father's reign, which highlights the importance of the town.
Sailendra Nath Sen believes that he died around 273-272 BCE, and that his death was followed by a four-year struggle of succession, after which his son Ashoka became the emperor in 269-268 BCE.
Ashoka used Kalinga to project power over a large region by building a fortification there and securing it as a possession.
Although Ashoka's army succeeded in overwhelming Kalinga forces of royal soldiers and civilian units, an estimated 100,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the furious warfare, including over 10,000 of Ashoka's own men.
While he maintained a large and powerful army, to keep the peace and maintain authority, Ashoka expanded friendly relations with states across Asia and Europe, and he sponsored Buddhist missions.
Over 40 years of peace, harmony and prosperity made Ashoka one of the most successful and famous monarchs in Indian history.
Ranging from as far west as Afghanistan and as far south as Andhra (Nellore District), Ashoka's edicts state his policies and accomplishments.
Buddhist records such as the Ashokavadana write that the assassination of Brihadratha and the rise of the Shunga empire led to a wave of religious persecution for Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
According to Sir John Marshall, Pushyamitra may have been the main author of the persecutions, although later Shunga kings seem to have been more supportive of Buddhism.
Other historians, such as Etienne Lamotte and Romila Thapar, among others, have argued that archaeological evidence in favour of the allegations of persecution of Buddhists are lacking, and that the extent and magnitude of the atrocities have been exaggerated.
The Greco-Bactrian king, Demetrius, capitalized on the break-up, and he conquered southern Afghanistan and parts of northwestern India around 180 BCE, forming the Indo-Greek Kingdom.
Under them, Buddhism flourished, and one of their kings, Menander, became a famous figure of Buddhism; he was to establish a new capital of Sagala, the modern city of Sialkot.
Although the extent of their successes against indigenous powers such as the Shungas, Satavahanas, and Kalingas are unclear, what is clear is that Scythian tribes, renamed Indo-Scythians, brought about the demise of the Indo-Greeks from around 70 BCE and retained lands in the trans-Indus, the region of Mathura, and Gujarat.
From Ashokan edicts, the names of the four provincial capitals are Tosali (in the east), Ujjain (in the west), Suvarnagiri (in the south), and Taxila (in the north).
Historians theorise that the organisation of the Empire was in line with the extensive bureaucracy described by Kautilya in the Arthashastra: a sophisticated civil service governed everything from municipal hygiene to international trade.
The expansion and defense of the empire was made possible by what appears to have been one of the largest armies in the world during the Iron Age.
According to Megasthenes, the empire wielded a military of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, 8,000 chariots and 9,000 war elephants besides followers and attendants.
Having renounced offensive warfare and expansionism, Ashoka nevertheless continued to maintain this large army, to protect the Empire and instil stability and peace across West and South Asia.
The first board fixed wages and looked after provided goods, second board made arrangement for foreign dignitaries, tourists and businessmen, third board made records and registrations, fourth looked after manufactured goodsand sale of commodities, fifth board regulated trade, issued licenses and checked weights and measurements, sixth board collected sales taxes.
The city counsel had officers who looked after public welfare such as maintenance of roads, public buildings, markets, hospitals, educational institutions etc.
For the first time in South Asia, political unity and military security allowed for a common economic system and enhanced trade and commerce, with increased agricultural productivity.
The previous situation involving hundreds of kingdoms, many small armies, powerful regional chieftains, and internecine warfare, gave way to a disciplined central authority.
Chandragupta Maurya established a single currency across India, and a network of regional governors and administrators and a civil service provided justice and security for merchants, farmers and traders.
The Mauryan army wiped out many gangs of bandits, regional private armies, and powerful chieftains who sought to impose their own supremacy in small areas.
Although regimental in revenue collection, Maurya also sponsored many public works and waterways to enhance productivity, while internal trade in India expanded greatly due to new-found political unity and internal peace.
The Khyber Pass, on the modern boundary of Pakistan and Afghanistan, became a strategically important port of trade and intercourse with the outside world.
The easing of many over-rigorous administrative practices, including those regarding taxation and crop collection, helped increase productivity and economic activity across the Empire.
Chandragupta Maurya embraced Jainism after retiring, when he renounced his throne and material possessions to join a wandering group of Jain monks.
It is said that in his last days, he observed the rigorous but self-purifying Jain ritual of santhara (fast unto death), at Shravana Belgola in Karnataka.
Samprati was influenced by the teachings of Jain monks like Suhastin and he is said to have built 125,000 derasars across India.
It is also said that just like Ashoka, Samprati sent messengers and preachers to Greece, Persia and the Middle East for the spread of Jainism, but, to date, no research has been done in this area.
Ashoka sent a mission led by his son Mahinda and daughter Sanghamitta to Sri Lanka, whose king Tissa was so charmed with Buddhist ideals that he adopted them himself and made Buddhism the state religion.
Ashoka sent many Buddhist missions to West Asia, Greece and South East Asia, and commissioned the construction of monasteries and schools, as well as the publication of Buddhist literature across the empire.
He is believed to have built as many as 84,000 stupas across India, such as Sanchi and Mahabodhi Temple, and he increased the popularity of Buddhism in Afghanistan, Thailand and North Asia including Siberia.
Ashoka helped convene the Third Buddhist Council of India's and South Asia's Buddhist orders near his capital, a council that undertook much work of reform and expansion of the Buddhist religion.
The greatest monument of this period, executed in the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, was the old palace at Paliputra, modern Kumhrar in Patna.
Excavations have unearthed the remains of the palace, which is thought to have been an group of several buildings, the most important of which was an immense pillared hall supported on a high substratum of timbers.
According to the eyewitness account of Megasthenes, the palace was chiefly constructed of timber, and was considered to exceed in splendour and magnificence the palaces of Susa and Ecbatana, its gilded pillars being adorned with golden vines and silver birds.
The buildings stood in an extensive park studded with fish ponds and furnished with a great variety of ornamental trees and shrubs.
Later fragments of stone pillars, including one nearly complete, with their round tapering shafts and smooth polish, indicate that Ashoka was responsible for the construction of the stone columns which replaced the earlier wooden ones.
During the Ashokan period, stonework was of a highly diversified order and comprised lofty free-standing pillars, railings of stupas, lion thrones and other colossal figures.
The use of stone had reached such great perfection during this time that even small fragments of stone art were given a high lustrous polish resembling fine enamel.
The most widespread examples of Mauryan architecture are the Ashoka pillars and carved edicts of Ashoka, often exquisitely decorated, with more than 40 spread throughout the Indian subcontinent.
The protection of animals in India became serious business by the time of the Maurya dynasty; being the first empire to provide a unified political entity in India, the attitude of the Mauryas towards forests, their denizens, and fauna in general is of interest.
Military might in those times depended not only upon horses and men but also battle-elephants; these played a role in the defeat of Seleucus, one of Alexander's former generals.
The Mauryas sought to preserve supplies of elephants since it was cheaper and took less time to catch, tame and train wild elephants than to raise them.
When Ashoka embraced Buddhism in the latter part of his reign, he brought about significant changes in his style of governance, which included providing protection to fauna, and even relinquished the royal hunt.
He was the first ruler in history to advocate conservation measures for wildlife and even had rules inscribed in stone edicts.
However, the edicts of Ashoka reflect more the desire of rulers than actual events; the mention of a 100 'panas' (coins) fine for poaching deer in royal hunting preserves shows that rule-breakers did exist.
The legal restrictions conflicted with the practices freely exercised by the common people in hunting, felling, fishing and setting fires in forests.
Though no accounts of the conflict remain, it is clear that Seleucus fared poorly against the Indian Emperor as he failed to conquer any territory, and in fact was forced to surrender much that was already his.
Regardless, Seleucus and Chandragupta ultimately reached a settlement and through a treaty sealed in 305 BCE, Seleucus, according to Strabo, ceded a number of territories to Chandragupta, including eastern Afghanistan and Balochistan.
Chandragupta received vast territories and in a return gave Seleucus 500 war elephants, a military asset which would play a decisive role at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE.
In addition to this treaty, Seleucus dispatched an ambassador, Megasthenes, to Chandragupta, and later Deimakos to his son Bindusara, at the Mauryan court at Pataliputra (modern Patna in Bihar).
Later, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt and contemporary of Ashoka, is also recorded by Pliny the Elder as having sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court.
Mainstream scholarship asserts that Chandragupta received vast territory west of the Indus, including the Hindu Kush, modern-day Afghanistan, and the Balochistan province of Pakistan.
Archaeologically, concrete indications of Mauryan rule, such as the inscriptions of the Edicts of Ashoka, are known as far as Kandahar in southern Afghanistan.
An influential and large Greek population was present in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent under Ashoka's rule, possibly remnants of Alexander's conquests in the Indus Valley region.
Fragments of Edict 13 have been found in Greek, and a full Edict, written in both Greek and Aramaic, has been discovered in Kandahar.
Sophagasenus was an Indian Mauryan ruler of the 3rd century BCE, described in ancient Greek sources, and named Subhagasena or Subhashasena in Prakrit.
His name is mentioned in the list of Mauryan princes, and also in the list of the Yadava dynasty, as a descendant of Pradyumna.
Launched in 1911, the ship was funded by the government of New Zealand as a gift to Britain, and she was commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1912.
She had been intended for the China Station, but was released by the New Zealand government at the request of the Admiralty for service in British waters.
She was back in British waters at the start of the First World War, and operated as part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet, in opposition to the German High Seas Fleet.
During the war, the battlecruiser participated in all three of the major North Sea battles—Heligoland Bight, Dogger Bank, and Jutland—and was involved in the response to the inconclusive Raid on Scarborough, and the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight.
She was broken up for scrap in 1922 in order to meet Britain's tonnage limit in the disarmament provisions of the Washington Naval Treaty.
The ship was powered by two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving two propeller shafts, using steam provided by 31 coal-burning Babcock & Wilcox boilers.
The other two were wing turrets mounted amidships and staggered diagonally: 'P' was forward and to port of the centre funnel, while 'Q' was situated starboard and aft.
Each wing turret had a limited ability to fire to the opposite side, but if the ship was full broadside to her target she could bring all eight main guns to bear.
It was also equipped to control the entire main armament in the event that the normal fire control positions were knocked out or communication between the primary positions and the gun layers was disabled.
The ship was fitted with a single QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss anti-aircraft (AA) gun from October 1914 to the end of 1915.
The battlecruiser's 4-inch guns were enclosed in casemates and given blast shields during a refit in November to better protect the gun crews from weather and enemy action.
This greatly increased accuracy, as it was easier to spot the fall of shells and eliminated the problem of the ship's roll dispersing the shells when each turret fired independently.
An additional inch of armour was added to the top of the magazines and turret roofs after the Battle of Jutland.
At the start of the 20th century, the British Admiralty maintained that naval defence of the British Empire, including the Dominions, should be unified under the Royal Navy.
Attitudes on this matter softened during the first decade, and at the 1909 Imperial Conference, the Admiralty proposed the creation of Fleet Units: forces consisting of a battlecruiser, three light cruisers, six destroyers, and three submarines.
While Australia and Canada were encouraged to purchase fleet units to serve as the core of new national navies, other fleet units would be operated by the Royal Navy at distant bases, particularly in the Far East; New Zealand was asked to partially subsidise a fleet unit for the China Station.
To this end, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Sir Joseph Ward, announced on 22 March 1909 that his country would fund a battleship (later changed to an ) as an example to other countries.
It is unclear why this design was selected, given that it was known to be inferior to the battlecruisers entering service with the Imperial German Navy ().
Historian John Roberts has suggested that the request may have been attributable to the Royal Navy's practice of using small battleships and large cruisers as flagships of stations far from Britain, or it might have reflected the preferences of the First Sea Lord and Admiral of the Fleet John Fisher, preferences not widely shared.
Launched on 1 July 1911, the battlecruiser was commissioned into the Royal Navy four days before she was completed on 23 November 1912.
Beatty's ships were originally intended to provide distant support for the British cruisers and destroyers closer to the German coast, in case large units of the High Seas Fleet sortied in response to the British attacks once the tide rose.
When the British light forces failed to disengage on schedule at 11:35, the battlecruisers, led by Beatty aboard his flagship, , began to head south at full speed to reinforce the smaller British ships; the rising tide meant that German capital ships would be able to clear the sandbar at the mouth of the Jade estuary.
The brand-new light cruiser had been crippled earlier in the battle and was under fire from the German light cruisers and when Beatty's battlecruisers loomed out of the mist at 12:37.
Before the German ship could be sunk, Beatty was distracted by the sudden appearance of the elderly light cruiser off his starboard bow.
The German Navy had decided on a strategy of bombarding British towns on the North Sea coast in an attempt to draw out the Royal Navy and destroy elements of it in detail.
An earlier raid on Yarmouth on 3 November 1914 had been partially successful, but a larger-scale operation was later devised by Admiral Franz von Hipper.
The fast battlecruisers would conduct the bombardment, while the rest of the High Seas Fleet stationed itself east of Dogger Bank, so they could cover the battlecruisers' return and destroy any pursuing British vessels.
Having broken the German naval codes, the British were planning to catch the raiding force on its return journey, although they were not aware of the High Seas Fleet's presence.
Admiral Hipper's raiders set sail on 15 December 1914, and successfully bombarded several English towns; British destroyers escorting the 1st BCS had already encountered German destroyers of the High Seas Fleet at 05:15 and fought an inconclusive action with them.
Vice Admiral Sir George Warrender, commanding the 2nd Battle Squadron, had received a signal at 05:40 that the destroyer was engaging enemy destroyers, although Beatty had not.
The destroyer spotted the German armoured cruiser and her escorts at about 07:00, but could not transmit the message until 07:25.
The British forces, heading west to cover the main route through the minefields protecting the coast of England, split up while passing the shallow Southwest Patch of Dogger Bank; Beatty's ships headed to the north, while Warrender passed to the south.
The 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron, which had been screening for Beatty's ships, detached to pursue the German cruisers, but a misinterpreted signal from the British battlecruisers sent them back to their screening positions.
On 23 January 1915, a force of German battlecruisers under the command of Admiral Hipper sortied to clear Dogger Bank of any British fishing boats or small craft that might be there to collect intelligence on German movements.
By 07:35, the Germans had spotted Beatty's force and Hipper ordered a turn south at , believing that this speed would outdistance any British battleships to the north-west; he planned to increase speed to the armoured cruiser s maximum of if necessary to outrun any battlecruisers.
This started a fire amidships that destroyed her two port turrets, while the concussion damaged her engines so that her speed dropped to , and jammed her steering gear.
The squadron joined the Grand Fleet in a sortie on 29 March, in response to intelligence that the German fleet was leaving port as the precursor to a major operation.
The Germans intended to lay mines at the Swarte Bank, but after a scouting Zeppelin located a British light cruiser squadron, they began to prepare for what they thought was a British attack.
From 26 to 28 January 1916, the 2nd BCS was positioned off the Skagerrak while the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron swept the strait in an unsuccessful search for a possible minelayer.
On the morning of 21 April 1916, the 2nd BCS sailed again for the Skagerrak, this time to support efforts to disrupt the transport of Swedish ore to Germany.
On the afternoon of 22 April, the Battlecruiser Fleet was patrolling to the north-west of Horn Reefs when heavy fog came down.
The squadron was assigned to Admiral Beatty's Battlecruiser Fleet, which had put to sea to intercept a sortie by the High Seas Fleet into the North Sea.
Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the Battlecruiser Fleet to their west at 15:20, but Beatty's ships didn't spot the Germans to their east until 15:30.
Two minutes later, he ordered a course change to east-south-east to position himself astride the German's line of retreat and called his ships' crews to action stations.
Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and reduced speed to to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up.
Around this time, Beatty altered course to the east as it was quickly apparent that he was still too far north to cut off Hipper.
The German fire was accurate from the beginning, but the British overestimated the range as the German ships blended into the haze.
By 15:54, the range was down to and Beatty ordered a course change two points to starboard to open up the range at 15:57.
The range had grown too far for accurate shooting, so Beatty altered course four points to port to close the range again between 16:12 and 16:15.
Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not transmit a message to Beatty for another five minutes.
Beatty continued south for another two minutes to confirm the sighting himself before ordering a sixteen-point turn to starboard in succession.
Beatty's ships maintained full speed in an attempt to increase the distance between them and the High Seas Fleet, and gradually moved out of range.
The setting sun blinded the German gunners, and as they could not make out the British ships, they turned away to the north-east at 5:47.
Beatty gradually turned more towards the east to allow him to cover the deployment of the Grand Fleet in battle formation and to move ahead of it, but he mistimed his manoeuvre and forced the leading division to fall off towards the east, further away from the Germans.
A few minutes earlier, Scheer had ordered a simultaneous 180° starboard turn and Beatty lost sight of the High Seas Fleet in the haze.
Twenty minutes later, Scheer ordered another 180° turn which put them on a converging course again with the Grand Fleet, which had altered course to the south.
This allowed the Grand Fleet to cross Scheer's T, forming a battle line that cut across his battle line and badly damaging his leading ships.
Scheer ordered yet another 180° turn at 19:13 in an attempt to extricate the High Seas Fleet from the trap into which he had sent them.
The Germans had poor visibility and were able to fire only a few rounds at them before turning away to the west.
After this, Beatty changed course to south-south-east and maintained that course, ahead of both the Grand Fleet and the High Seas Fleet, until 02:55 the next morning, when the order was given to reverse course and head home.
She was hit only once during the battle, confirming for the crew the piupiu and tiki worn by her new captain, J.F.E.
On the evening of 18 August, the Grand Fleet put to sea in response to a message deciphered by Room 40 that indicated that the High Seas Fleet, minus II Squadron, would be leaving harbour that night.
Throughout the next day, Jellicoe and Scheer received conflicting intelligence; after reaching the location in the North Sea where the British expected to encounter the High Seas Fleet, they turned north in the erroneous belief that they had entered a minefield.
Scheer turned south again, then steered south-eastward to pursue a lone British battle squadron sighted by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers under Commodore Tyrwhitt.
The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact.
The British and the German fleets returned home; the British lost two cruisers to submarine attacks, and one German dreadnought had been torpedoed.
The Admiralty planned a large operation for 17 November to destroy the ships, and allocated two light cruiser squadrons and the 1st Cruiser Squadron covered by the reinforced 1st Battlecruiser Squadron and, more distantly, the 1st Battle Squadron of battleships.
The 2nd BCS spent the period from 8 to 21 February covering these convoys in company with battleships and destroyers, and put to sea on 6 March in company with the 1st BCS to support minelayers.
The 2nd BCS again supported minelayers in the North Sea from 25 June or 26 June to the end of July.
Following the war, Admiral Jellicoe was tasked with helping to plan and coordinate the naval policies and defences of the British Dominions.
The battlecruiser arrived at Albany, Western Australia, on 15 May, where Jellicoe and his staff disembarked to take an overland route across the country.
Instead, they were greeted by Joe English, of Medford, Massachusetts, who had been manager of a copra plantation on the island, but had become marooned with two others, when the war had broken out.
The ship stopped off at Fiji and Hawaii before arriving on 8 November in Canada, the final country to be assessed.
She was sold for scrap on 19 December 1922 to meet the tonnage restrictions set on the British Empire by the Washington Naval Treaty.
Equipment including several 4-inch guns, a range finder and laundry equipment, were used by military units while other artifacts were placed on display in museums.
During the Second World War, the 4-inch guns were the main armament of the land batteries which protected the entrances to the harbours at Auckland, Wellington and Lyttelton.
The captain's piupiu was returned to New Zealand in 2005, and is on display at the Torpedo Bay Navy Museum in Auckland alongside the ship's bell and other artifacts.
Named after the Dominion of Newfoundland, she fought in the Second World War and was later sold to the Peruvian Navy.
On the night of 13/14 July 1943, during Sicily Campaign, she provided effective support for 1st Parachute Brigade helping to secure the Primasole Bridge, linking Catania with Syra.
While at Alexandria an exploding air vessel occurred in one of the torpedoes in the port tubes which caused severe damage and one casualty.
The ship was present in Tokyo Bay when the Instrument of Surrender was signed aboard the US battleship , on 2 September 1945.
The cruiser was hulked in 1979 and used as a static training ship in Callao, before being decommissioned and scrapped later that year.
Prior to his retirement in 2007, he spent seven years as the director of the Center for Theological Inquiry at Princeton Theological Seminary.
He studied classics and philosophy at Luther College in the late 1940s, before beginning theological studies at Luther Seminary in 1951.
Due to a car accident he missed most of his first-year seminary studies, and during that year he immersed himself in the works of Immanuel Kant and Søren Kierkegaard.
Jenson began reading historical-critical scholars like Hermann Gunkel and Sigmund Mowinckel, and as a result he became deeply interested in the biblical texts and in the theological significance of the Old Testament.
Preus infused Jenson with an admiration for the theology of post-Reformation Lutheran scholasticism, and with a strong belief in the orthodox Lutheran understanding of predestination.
Other influences at Luther Seminary included Edmund Smits, who introduced Jenson to the work of Augustine of Hippo, and fellow student Gerhard Forde, who introduced him to the work of Rudolf Bultmann.
After seminary, Jenson taught in the department of religion and philosophy at Luther College from 1955 to 1957, before moving to Heidelberg for doctoral studies in 1957–1958.
Though he had planned to write his dissertation on Bultmann, his supervisor, , advised him to work on Karl Barth's doctrine of election.
Thus Jenson worked on Barth's theology at Heidelberg, and he also studied nineteenth-century German theology and philosophy, partly with the help of the new Heidelberg lecturer, Wolfhart Pannenberg.
The faculty of the religion department was uncomfortable with Jenson's theological liberalism, and his openness to biblical criticism and evolutionary biology was strongly condemned.
From 1960 to 1966, Jenson was thus left with the task of helping to rebuild an entire religion department, and he became especially involved in the development of a new philosophy department.
Jenson finally left Luther College to spend three years as Dean and Tutor of Lutheran Studies at Mansfield College, Oxford University.
Here he was able to focus for the first time on teaching theology, and he was deeply influenced by his encounters with Anglicanism and with ecumenical worship.
At Oxford, Jenson also supervised the doctoral work of Colin Gunton, who went on to become one of Great Britain's most distinguished and influential systematic theologians.
Further, as a result of his encounter with Anglicanism at Oxford, Jenson was appointed to the first round of Lutheran–Episcopal ecumenical dialogue in 1968.
With George Lindbeck, he became involved in the Roman Catholic–Lutheran dialogue; and in 1988, he spent time at the Institute for Ecumenical Research at Strasbourg.
He interacted extensively with the work of Catholic theologians like Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) and Hans Urs von Balthasar and with Eastern Orthodox theologians like Maximus the Confessor, John Zizioulas, and Vladimir Lossky.
After two decades of teaching at Lutheran Theological Seminary in Gettysburg, Jenson moved in 1988 to the religion department of St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota.
He was joined in Northfield by his friend Carl Braaten, and together they founded the conservative Center for Catholic and Evangelical Theology in 1991.
Jenson continued to teach at St. Olaf College until 1998, when he retired and took up a position as Senior Scholar for Research at the Center for Theological Inquiry in Princeton, New Jersey.
Verbs in the Finnish language can be divided into six main groups depending on the stem type, both for formal analysis and for teaching the language to non-native speakers.
All six types have the same set of personal endings, but the stems assume different suffixes and undergo (slightly) different changes when inflected.
In the passive or third person, the imperative is sometimes used for the present or perfect subjunctive of other languages, a mood lacking in Finnish.
Despite the apparently equivalent use of the present participle, the grammatical aspect of these tenses is prospective rather than continuous or progressive as in English.
The other verbs can carry personal endings in other forms of construction with the normal subject, verb, and object in which the obligation is less strong or in which the verb takes on a different meaning altogether.
It can be used in a sentence similarly to the English infinitive and stand for a subject or a direct object, without any additional inflection.
It appears only in the short (dictionary) form and in the long form, and the long form is not used without a possessive suffix.
If the second infinitive has a subject, the subject is put in the genitive case; in the inessive case, the second infinitive also accepts a possessive suffix if it is appropriate.
Then, the stem does not change between present and imperfect indicative so the imperfect forms are the same as the present forms, and the distinction between them must be made from context.
The final consonant of the stem is generally emphasised by length in the infinitive and participle forms and so is written as a double consonant.
If the consonant ending of the stem is -s, however, the dictionary form of the verb ends with -stä or -sta.
By November of that same year, the colonists had completed a large dwelling, and then by Christmas, had added a stone kitchen.
In 1622, a second group of colonists led by Daniel Powell was sent to the new English Colony, bringing the population to 32, including seven women.
In 1623, the Colony became the Province of Avalon when Calvert's grant was confirmed by King Charles I of England, growing to a population of 100 by 1625.
Wynne was dismissed that year, probably because he lacked the skills to govern a growing Colony of that size and because Calvert himself wanted to govern the colony directly.
Rework and repair are generally the remedial actions taken on products, while services usually require additional services to be performed to ensure satisfaction.
A fine balance is often struck between denying the existence of problems or wrongdoing and choosing to publicise this existence before being exposed removes the company’s ability to control the way any scandal is seen.
Environmental - If the environment a business works in becomes polluted as the result of the activities of that business, or sometimes other events, this pollution must be cleaned for reasons of safety and welfare.
Repair/Replacement - When a product is deemed ineffective, either by the company or by public exposure, a recall plan can be put into action, sometimes also involving compensation for consumers.
Policy - When company policy is considered to be in violation of the law, such as keeping inaccurate financial records, remedial action can be taken to change those policies.
When done after an internal investigation, this can avoid repercussions such as negative publicity or even fines, and the UK Serious Fraud Office states that if a company self-reports corruption it will impact on whether or not prosecution occurs.
Some, such as UK Company Brodex Water Treatment Specialists, advertise what services the company provides in the event of Legionella disease being discovered in a local supply, such as tank chlorination and equipment replacement.
The Great Lakes - Since the mid-1980s, several ‘Remediative Action Plans’ have been drawn up to manage the impact of various stakeholders, including local businesses, on the environmental health of the American-Canadian Great Lakes region.
Volkswagen - The most recent example, VW has recently been forced to recall millions of cars to adjust deficiencies in their pollution controls, after a company policy of only activating them during emissions tests was exposed.
It is found in the highlands of central Sri Lanka, usually above 1200 m. The nest is built in a shrub, and two eggs are laid.
The Free Church of Scotland was a Scottish denomination which was formed in 1843 by a large withdrawal from the established Church of Scotland in a schism or division known as the Disruption of 1843.
In 1900 the vast majority of the Free Church of Scotland joined with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland (which itself mostly re-united with the Church of Scotland in 1929).
While the denomination clearly had a starting date, in their own eyes their leaders had a legitimate claim to an unbroken succession of leaders going all the way back to the Apostles.
The minority of the Free Church of Scotland who continued outside the union of 1900, retained the title the Free Church of Scotland.
The Free Church was formed by Evangelicals who broke from the Church of Scotland in 1843 in protest against what they regarded as the state's encroachment on the spiritual independence of the Church.
The evangelical element had been demanding the purification of the Church, and it attacked the patronage system, which allowed rich landowners to select the local ministers.
This direct blow at the right of private patrons was challenged in the civil courts, and was decided (1838) against the evangelicals.
Led by Dr. Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847), a third of the membership walked out, including nearly all the Gaelic-speakers and the missionaries, and most of the Highlanders.
The seceders created a voluntary fund of over £400,000 to build 700 new churches; 400 manses (residences for the ministers) were erected at a cost of £250,000; and an equal or larger amount was expended on the building of 500 parochial schools, as well as a college in Edinburgh.
After the passing of the Education Act of 1872, most of these schools were voluntarily transferred to the newly established public school-boards.
He stressed a social vision that revived and preserved Scotland's communal traditions at a time of strain on the social fabric of the country.
That vision also affected the mainstream Presbyterian churches, and by the 1870s it had been assimilated by the established Church of Scotland.
Chalmers's ideals demonstrated that the church was concerned with the problems of urban society, and they represented a real attempt to overcome the social fragmentation that took place in industrial towns and cities.
The first task of the new church was to provide income for her initial 500 ministers and places of worship for her people.
This programme was made possible by extraordinary financial generosity, which came from the Evangelical awakening and the wealth of the emerging middle class.
The church created a Sustentation Fund, the brainchild of Thomas Chalmers, to which congregations contributed according to their means, and from which all ministers received an 'equal dividend'.
This fund provided a modest income for 583 ministers in 1843/4, and by 1900 was able to provide an income for nearly 1200.
Because the established Church of Scotland controlled the divinity faculties of the universities, the Free Church set up its own colleges.
'Believing criticism' of the Bible was a central approach taught by such as William Robertson Smith and he was dismissed from his chair by the Assembly in 1881.
Attempts were made between 1890 and 1895 to bring many of these professors to the bar of the Assembly on charges of heresy, but these moves failed, with only minor warnings being issued.
In 1892 the Free Church, following the example of the United Presbyterian Church and the Church of Scotland, and with union with those denominations as the goal, passed a Declaratory Act relaxing the standard of subscription to the confession.
This had the result that a small number of congregations and even fewer ministers, mostly in the Highlands, severed their connection with the church and formed the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland.
The church soon also established herself in Africa, with missionaries such as James Stewart (1831-1905) and with the co-operation of Robert Laws (1851-1934) of the United Presbyterian Church, as well as becoming involved in evangelisation of the Jews.
There were missions related to the Free Church and visited by Duff at Lake Nyassa in Africa and in the Lebanon.
Members of the Free Church also became associated with the colonisation of New Zealand: the Free Church offshoot the Otago Association sent out emigrants in 1847 who established the Otago settlement in 1848.
The importance of Home Missions also grew, these having the purpose of increasing church attendance, particularly amongst the poorer communities in large cities.
Free churchmen were at the forefront of the 1859 Revival as well as of the Moody and Sankey's campaign of 1873–1875 in Britain.
However, Chalmers's social ideas were never fully realised, as the gap between the church and the urban masses continued to increase.
These attempts began as early as 1863 when the Free Church began talks with the UPC with a view to a union.
However, a report laid before the Assembly of 1864 showed that the two churches were not agreed as to the relationship between state and church.
The Free Church maintained that national resources could be used in aid of the church, provided that the state abstain from all interference in its internal government.
The United Presbyterians held that, as the state had no authority in spiritual things, it was not within its jurisdiction to legislate as to what was true in religion, prescribe a creed or any form of worship for its subjects, or to endow the church from national resources.
After negotiations failed in 1873, the two churches agreed a 'Mutual Eligibility Act' enabling a congregation of one denomination to call a minister from the other.
However, a minority of those who dissented remained outside the union, claiming that they were the true Free Church and that the majority had departed from the church when they formed the United Free Church.
After a protracted legal battle, the House of Lords found in favour of the minority (in spite of the belief of most that the true kirk is above the state) and awarded them the right to keep the name Free Church of Scotland, though the majority was able to keep most of the financial resources.
Nahanni National Park Reserve in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, approximately west of Yellowknife, protects a portion of the Mackenzie Mountains Natural Region.
There are several different landforms in the park that have taken millions of years to form, and give it a diversity not seen in any other national park in Canada.
As the continents shifted, the North American and Pacific Plates collided, the force of which pushed the layers of rock upwards.
While there are no volcanoes in the park, towers of heated rock called igneous batholiths were sent upwards, pushing the sediment further up.
Over the last 2 million years, glaciers have covered most of North America, creating most of the land formations seen today.
While previous ice ages affected the park area, the most recent, the Wisconsin Ice Age (85,000-10,000 years ago) touched only the most western and eastern parts of the park.
The central feature of the park is the South Nahanni River which runs the length of the park, beginning near Moose Ponds and ending when it meets the Liard River near Nahanni Butte.
The mountains rose slowly enough, and the river was powerful enough that the river maintained its course over its history, meaning it has the same path today as it did before the mountains rose.
There are four main canyons that line the South Nahanni River, named by prospectors, numbering them as they travelled up the river.
The fourth canyon, also called Painted Canyon or Five Mile Canyon due to its length, begins with Virginia Falls, and was created as the falls eroded the limestone surrounding the river, working its way upstream.
Because its walls are composed of a stratum of shale, sandstones and limestone this canyon has long slopes instead of steep, flat walls like the lower canyons.
Big Bend, a point where the river does a 45 degree turn, marks the end of Third and the beginning of Second Canyon.
Following this, the river slows and braids into different channels, passing through the park boundary, and coming together again near the village of Nahanni Butte.
Notable mountains in the park include Mount Nirvana (), officially an unnamed peak, which at is the highest mountain in the Northwest Territories.
Slightly further north lies Mount Sir James MacBrien (), the territories second highest peak at , and Lotus Flower Tower (, ) both of which form part of the Cirque of the Unclimbables ().
In the centre of the falls is a dramatic spire of resistant rock, called Mason's Rock after Bill Mason, the famous Canadian canoeist, author, and filmmaker.
The falls were initially located downstream at the east end of Fourth Canyon, and over the centuries carved through the limestone rock that surrounds the river.
The source of the springs comes from deep in the Earth's crust, near the base of the granite batholiths that form the Ragged Range.
This process takes a great deal of time, and it is believed that the mounds themselves are around 10,000 years old, their creation beginning at the end of the last ice age.
These rare and fragile features are protected as a Zone 1, Special Preservation Area, and all visitors must be accompanied by Parks Canada staff in order to minimize impact and visitors to the North Mound are required to be barefoot.
The park's sulphur hot springs, alpine tundra, mountain ranges, and forests of spruce and aspen are home to many species of birds, fish and mammals.
The park lies within three of Canada's ecozones, the Taiga Cordillera in the west, the Taiga Plains in the east and a small southern portion in the Boreal Cordillera.
According to Parks Canada there are 42 mammal, 180 bird, 16 fish and a few amphibian species found in the park.
These include common nighthawk, grizzly bear, olive-sided flycatcher, peregrine falcon, rusty blackbird, short-eared owl, wood bison, woodland caribou, wolverine and yellow rail.
In addition the bull trout (Dolly Varden) and the Nahanni aster are listed but without a status and the Canada warbler and western toad are listed as possibly existing in the park.
Mammal species found in the park include; black bear, timber wolf, moose, shrew, vole, Arctic ground squirrel, marmot, mink, beaver, pine marten, lynx, snowshoe hare, river otter, muskrat, and red fox.
Fish found in the park include, Arctic grayling, burbot, inconnu, lake trout, lake chub, lake whitefish, longnose dace, longnose sucker, mountain whitefish, northern pike, round whitefish, slimy sculpin, spoonhead sculpin, spottail shiner and trout-perch.
More than 700 species of vascular plants and 300 species of both bryophytes and lichen can be found in the park, giving it a richer variety than any other area in the NWT.
The local oral history contains many references to the Naha tribe, a mountain-dwelling people who used to raid settlements in the adjacent lowlands.
First contact with European fur traders expanding into the region occurred in the 18th century, and was increased with Alexander Mackenzie's exploration of the Mackenzie River (Deh Cho), and building of trading posts at Fort Simpson and Fort Liard.
During the 19th century, most Dene families left their nomadic lifestyles and settled into more permanent communities, often close to the trading posts.
In the late 19th century, the Mountain Indians of the Nahanni region would travel down the Nahanni River each spring in mooseskin boats to trade the winter take of furs.
Constructed from six to ten untanned moose hides sewn together and stretched over a spruce pole frame, these boats would transport entire families, their dogs and cargo of furs down the river during high water.
Following a visit to the forts, these people would return to the high country with only what they could carry on their pack dogs.
The stories of the Naha, and dangerous landscape that they inhabited, grew in stature with the Klondike Gold Rush as some explorers attempted to use the Nahanni as a path to the famous gold fields of the Yukon, or to try and make their fortune on the Flat and South Nahanni Rivers.
Although no significant gold was found, legends of haunted valleys and lost gold emerged after the headless corpses of Métis prospectors Willie and Frank McLeod were found around 1908.
The Lost McLeod Mine, a legendary lost mine somewhere in the park, is supposed to have been where the two brothers found their gold.
The names of park features such as Deadmen Valley, Headless Creek, Headless Range and the Funeral Range, bear testimony to these stories and legends.
In 1964, explorer parachutist Jean Poirel from Montreal jumped at its source north of Yellowknife, followed by his teammate Bertrand Bordet.
During his last expedition in 1972, he escorted Pierre Trudeau, who came in person to evaluate this superb and fascinating region.
In a novel form of cooperation between federal government and native groups, the Naha Dehe Consensus Team was formed in June 2000 by Canada and the Dehcho First Nations.
In 2003, these were completed and the purpose of the team changed, now dealing with cooperative management issues, according to the Interim Park Management Arrangement, until the Dehcho Process is completed.
On 9 June 2009 the Government of Canada, with the Dehcho First Nations, announced legislation that will increase the area of Nahanni National Park to cover , including 91% of the Greater Nahanni ecosystem in the Dehcho Region and most of the South Nahanni River watershed.
The new park area is estimated to be the home of around 500 grizzly bears, two herds of woodland caribou, as well as species of alpine sheep and goats and other species.
Because most access to the park is done by aircraft and air access is restricted in the park, there are set places aircraft can land.
However, only Virginia Falls and Glacier Lake are designated for day use visitation, meaning all other sites require visitors to stay overnight in the park.
The park was among the world's first four natural heritage locations to be inscribed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 1978.
Presently around 800–1000 people visit the park every year, most of which are overnight visitors who travel down the South Nahanni.
Virginia Falls is the only area of the park where a reservation is required, which must be done months in advance to prevent overcrowding.
For safety reasons, all visitors must register with park officials upon entering the park boundaries, and deregister within 24 hours of leaving.
The only practical way to get to Nahanni National Park is by floatplane or by helicopter, usually from Fort Simpson but other communities and locations offering a gateway into the park include: Watson Lake, Muncho Lake, Fort Nelson and Inconnu Lodge.
Angelina Helen Catherine Cordovano (June 28, 1936 – November 22, 1988), known professionally as Cathy Carr, was an American pop singer.
She later became a singer and dancer with the USO and joined big band orchestras such as those of Sammy Kaye and Johnny Dee.
In 1953 she signed with Coral Records, but had no hits for them, later switching to Fraternity Records, a small company based in Cincinnati, Ohio, in early 1955.
She recorded one single for Smash Records in 1961, which was a more mature song, but went back to recording teenage pop on Laurie Records in 1962.
At the time of her 1956 hit, she recorded a lot of high school pop, not moving on to more mature songs and standards until her pop career was all but over.
The CD age saw an unofficial release of selected singles which showed her preference to seem younger than she was and did not include her attempts at more mature songs.
Ferryland was originally established as a station for migratory fishermen in the late 16th century but had earlier been used by the French, Spanish, and Portuguese.
The land was granted by charter to the London and Bristol Company in the 1610s and the vicinity became the location of a number of short-lived English colonies at Cuper's Cove, Bristol's Hope, and Renews and adjoined the colony of South Falkland.
Calvert appointed Edward Wynne to establish a colony which became the first successful permanent colony in Newfoundland growing to a population of 100 by 1625.
Dated 7 April 1623 it created the Province of Avalon on the island of Newfoundland and gave Baltimore complete authority over all matters in the territory.
Virtually forgotten for centuries, excavations of the original settlement began in earnest in the late 1980s and continue to this day.
Rev Prof Henry Drummond FRSE LLD FGS (17 August 1851 – 11 March 1897) was a Scottish evangelist, biologist, writer and lecturer.
Many of his writings were too nicely adapted to the needs of his own day to justify the expectation that they would long survive it, but few men exercised more religious influence in their own generation, especially on young men.
Drummond was born at Park Place in Stirling, the son of William Drummond (d.1888) a seedsman (founder of Drummond Seeds), and his wife, Jane Campbell Blackwood (d.1910).
The religious element was an even more powerful factor in his nature, and disposed him to enter the Free Church of Scotland.
While preparing for the ministry, he became for a time deeply interested in the evangelizing mission of Moody and Sankey, in which he actively co-operated for two years.
In 1877 he became lecturer on natural science in the Free Church College on Lynedoch Street in Glasgow, which enabled him to combine all the pursuits for which he felt a vocation.
In 1884 he was a guest at Haddo House for a dinner hosted by John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair in honour of William Ewart Gladstone on his tour of Scotland.
Their object was to vindicate for altruism, or the disinterested care and compassion of animals for each other, an important part in effecting the survival of the fittest, a thesis previously maintained by Professor John Fiske.
Drummond's health failed shortly afterwards (he had suffered from bone cancer for some years), and he died on 11 March 1897 whilst travelling in Tunbridge Wells.
In 1905 a medallion plaque to his memory was erected in the Free Church College in Edinburgh, sculpted by James Pittendrigh Macgillivray.
In mathematical logic, a formula is in negation normal form if the negation operator (formula_1, ) is only applied to variables and the only other allowed Boolean operators are conjunction (formula_2, ) and disjunction (formula_3, ).
Negation normal form is not a canonical form: for example, formula_4 and formula_5 are equivalent, and are both in negation normal form.
In classical logic and many modal logics, every formula can be brought into this form by replacing implications and equivalences by their definitions, using De Morgan's laws to push negation inwards, and eliminating double negations.
Transformation into negation normal form can increase the size of a formula only linearly: the number of occurrences of atomic formulas remains the same, the total number of occurrences of formula_2 and formula_3 is unchanged, and the number of occurrences of formula_1 may double.
A formula in negation normal form can be put into the stronger conjunctive normal form or disjunctive normal form by applying distributivity.
In the classical propositional logic, transformation to negation normal form does not impact computational properties: the satisfiability problem continues to be NP-complete, and the validity problem continues to be co-NP-complete.
For formulas in CNF, validity problem is solvable in polynomial time, and for formulas in DNF, the satisfiability problem is solvable in polynomial time.
The first example is also in conjunctive normal form and the last two are in both conjunctive normal form and disjunctive normal form, but the second example is in neither.
It has the benefits of early ripening and when hardened properly in the fall it is winter hardy to at least .
Unlike most modern grapes, it is a pistillate female and so needs to be planted next to male vines from a close sibling variety to achieve pollination.
The Province of Avalon was the area around the settlement of Ferryland, Newfoundland and Labrador, in the 17th century, which upon the success of the colony grew to include the land held by Sir William Vaughan and all the land that lay between Ferryland and Petty Harbour.
In 1497 the Bristol Guild of Merchants financed a voyage by John Cabot to Newfoundland, where he is reported to have landed at Cape Bonavista.
The Bristol Society of Merchant Venturers established the London and Bristol Company (the Newfoundland Company) in 1608 and sent John Guy, to locate a favourable location for a colony.
The company was granted a charter by James I on 2 May 1610 giving it a monopoly in agriculture, mining, fishing and hunting on the Avalon Peninsula.
In 1620 Calvert obtained a grant from Sir William Vaughan for all of the land that lay north of a point between Fermeuse and Aquaforte to as far north as Caplin Bay (now Calvert) on the southern shore of the Avalon Peninsula.
Calvert's son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, fought against the new charter, and in 1660 gained official recognition of the old Charter of Avalon, but never attempted to retake the colony.
The site of the colony was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1953 It was also designated a Municipal Heritage District in 1998.
Troodos (sometimes spelled Troödos; ; ) is the largest mountain range in Cyprus, located in roughly the center of the island.
Its highest peak is Mount Olympus (), also known as Chionistra (), at , which hosts the Sun Valley and North Face ski areas with their five ski lifts.
There are many mountain resorts, Byzantine monasteries, and churches on mountain peaks, and nestling in its valleys and mountains are villages clinging to terraced hills.
In the Byzantine period it became a centre of Byzantine art, as churches and monasteries were built in the mountains, away from the threatened coastline.
These mountains slowly rose from the sea due to the collision of the African and European tectonic plates, a process that eventually formed the island of Cyprus.
The slowing and near-cessation of this process left the rock formations nearly intact, while subsequent erosion uncovered the magma chamber underneath the mountain, allowing a viewing of intact rocks and petrified pillow lava formed millions of years ago, an excellent example of ophiolite stratigraphy.
The observations of the Troodos ophiolite by Ian Graham Gass and co-workers was one of the key points that led to the theory of sea floor spreading.
The region is known for its many Byzantine churches and monasteries, richly decorated with murals, of which the Kykkos monastery is the richest and most famous.
Nine churches and one monastery in Troodos together form a World Heritage Site, originally inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1985.
He was born at Belford, Northumberland, the youngest son of Rev Marcus Dods, a minister of the Church of Scotland and his wife, Sarah Pallister.
In 1889 he was appointed professor of New Testament Exegesis in the New College, Edinburgh, of which he became principal on the death of Robert Rainy in May 1907.
He became part of the United Free Church of Scotland on its formation in 1900, and in 1901 was elected Moderator of its General Assembly in 1902.
It was assumed he felt that being a neutral moderator, he would not be able to express his opinions on certain doctrinal points due to be discussed.
In later life he lived with his children and grandchildren in a huge Georgian townhouse, 23 Great King Street, in Edinburgh's Second New Town.
Apart from his services to Biblical scholarship he takes high rank among those who have sought to bring the results of technical criticism within the reach of the ordinary reader.
Most populations are sedentary, but the breeding birds in Pakistan, Afghanistan and north India are migratory, wintering in peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
The Cur Dog is a trusty and useful servant to the farmer and grazier; and, although it is not taken notice of by naturalists as a distinct race, yet it is now so generally used, especially in the North of England, and such great attention is paid in breeding it, that we cannot help considering it as a permanent kind.
Their ears are half-pricked; and many of them are whelped with short tails, which seem as if they had been cut: These are called Self-tailed Dogs.
They bite very keenly; and as they always make their attack at the heels, the cattle have no defence against them: In this way they are more than a match for a Bull, which they quickly compel to run.
They know their master's fields, and are singularly attentive to the cattle that are in them: A good Dog watches, goes his rounds; and, if any strange cattle should happen to appear amongst the herd, although unbidden, he quickly flies at them, and with keen bites obliges them to depart.
Upon arrival in North America, colonists discovered that the British hunting dogs they had brought with them would often quickly lose or abandon quarry that had sought refuge up a tree, as those dogs had been bred to hunt such terrestrial quarry as rabbit, red fox, badger and deer on generally less forested terrain.
In North America, however, there were many animals such as raccoon, opossum, gray fox, tree squirrel, American black bear, bobcat and puma which would take advantage of the protection of the trees, where the British hunting dogs would either lose them or grow frustrated or bored and abandon them in favour of quarry on the ground.
The usefulness of cur dogs to North American people led the negative connotations of the term to transform into the admiration, pride, and appreciation evidenced among cur breeders, hunters, and fans across the continent to this day.
Historically, they have been at times thought of as mutts or mongrels to reflect the impression that they were somehow lesser than true Eurasian purebred dogs that have been bred for certain physical features instead of, or in addition to, simple practical task accomplishment.
Unlike the true mutts, however, which are the product of natural selection, random-bred with no human involvement, treeing curs after their initial discovery developed by artificial selection, intentional planning and arranged crossings by human beings, in some cases employing strategic, thoughtful and sophisticated husbandry requiring deep pedigree knowledge and understanding.
Cur breeders assert that their breeding selections' focus on working mentality and physical ability results in the Cur breeds tending to be genetically sound and healthy.
On a trip to India, she began reading Gandhi, and became committed to a non-violent struggle, with her main cause being Women's Rights.
She was a member of a group that went to Hanoi during the Vietnam War, and was jailed many times for non-violent protest.
During the time that they were together, Meigs and Deming moved to Wellfleet, Massachusetts, where she befriended the writer and critic Edmund Wilson and his circle of friends.
Deming openly believed that it was often those whom we loved that oppressed us, and that it was necessary to re-invent non-violent struggle every day.
It is often said that she created a body of non-violent theory, based on action and personal experience, that centered on the potential of non-violent struggle in its application to the women's movement.
Aston arrived in Ferryland, Avalon's capital, around 1626 but returned to England the next year to resign his position and join the forces of the George Villiers, first Duke of Buckingham in France, where he died the same year.
Parsons was a friend of country singer Bobby Bare and it was actually Bare's voice heard on the hit - Parsons sang on the B side.
In 1854 he took on a role as schoolteacher at Padanarum in Forfar and the following year moved to teach in Airlie.
Alexander entered the ministry of the Free Church of Scotland and after serving as colleague in Free St John's, Glasgow (1866–1870), removed to Edinburgh as colleague and successor to Rev Dr Robert Candlish at Free St George's.
Sir Horace Jones (20 May 1819 – 21 May 1887) was an English architect particularly noted for his work as architect and surveyor to the City of London from 1864 until his death.
He was articled to John Wallen, architect and surveyor, of 16 Aldermanbury, and subsequently in 1841–42 travelled to Italy and Greece studying ancient architecture.
Beginning with Cardiff Town Hall (c. 1850-53) and Caversham Park (from c. 1850), he designed and carried out many buildings of importance, soon concentrating on London.
Jones completed projects begun by his predecessor, such as the City Lunatic Asylum at Dartford, and was in charge of several renovations and additions to the Guildhall.
It was designed in collaboration with the civil engineer John Wolfe Barry, who was brought in as an expert to devise the mechanism for the bascule bridge.
Jones became an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1842, a fellow in 1855 and served as the Institute's president from 1882 to 1883.
He died at 30 Devonshire Place, Portland Place, London, on 21 May 1887, and was buried in West Norwood Cemetery on 27 May.
Biographical details are almost entirely lacking, but like Cipriani he was brought, or attracted, to England by Robert Adam after his famous continental tour.
He worked so extensively for the Adams', and his designs are so closely typical of much upon which their reputation rests, that it is impossible to doubt his influence upon their style.
He designed furniture, mantelpieces, ceilings, chandeliers, doors and mural ornament with equal felicity, and as an artist in plaster work in low relief he was unapproached in his day.
He delighted in urns and sphinxes and interlaced gryphons, in amorini with bows and torches, in trophies of musical instruments and martial weapons, and in flowering arabesques which were always graceful if sometimes rather thin.
The centre panels of his walls and ceilings were often occupied by classical and pastoral subjects painted by Cipriani, Angelica Kauffman or her husband Antonio Zucchi, and sometimes by himself.
These nymphs and amorini, with their disengaged and riant air and classic grace, were not infrequently used as copies for painting upon that satinwood furniture of the last quarter of the 18th century which has never been surpassed for dainty elegance, and for the popularity of which Pergolesi was in large measure responsible; they were even reproduced in marquetry.
Some of this painted work was, apparently, executed by his own hand; most of the pieces attributed to him are remarkable examples of artistic taste and technical skill.
His satinwood table-tops, china cabinets and side-tables are the last word in a daintiness which here and there perhaps is mere prettiness.
Pergolesi likewise designed silver plate, and many of his patterns are almost instinctively attributed to the brothers Adam by the makers and purchasers of modern reproductions.
Long numbers (like 32534756) are separated in three-digit sections with space beginning from the end of the number (for example 32 534 756).
But if the noun is in a case besides the nominative, the number and any adjectives following it will be in the same case.
Numerals also have plural forms, which usually refer to things naturally occurring in pairs or other similarly well-defined sets, such as body parts and clothing items.
These forms are used to refer to the actual number itself, rather than the quantity or order which the number represents.
Quiksilver is a brand of surf-inspired apparel and accessories that was founded in 1969 in Torquay, Australia, but is now based in Huntington Beach, California.
The parent company changed its name in March 2017 from Quiksilver, Inc. to Boardriders, Inc., an is the owner of the brands Quiksilver, Roxy and DC Shoes.
After emerging from bankruptcy in early 2016, the company once again became privately held, with Oaktree Capital Management as the majority shareholder.
Quiksilver purchased Skis Rossignol for $560 million in 2005, but sold Rossignol on 12 November 2008 for $37.5 million (30 million euros) in cash and a $12.5 million note (10 million euro).
Quiksilver owned golf-equipment maker Cleveland Golf up until 31 October 2007, when it sold the company to a Japanese sporting goods company.
As of 2013, Quiksilver operated 834 stand-alone stores in major cities across Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific, Europe, North and South America, Asia and Africa.
Their products were also sold in many other outlets across the world, such as PacSun, the Fells Point Surf Company and the Ron Jon Surf Shop.
As of 2013, the company had lost financially for six years and initiated a turnaround plan in an attempt to resolve this.
Mooney stepped down as the CEO of Quiksilver and was replaced in March 2015 by longtime Quiksilver employee Pierre Agnes to restructure the brand.
Quiksilver emerged from bankruptcy in early 2016, and the company once again became privately held, with Oaktree Capital Management as the majority shareholder.
The company's name was changed in March 2017 to Boardriders, Inc., and it is the owner of the Quiksilver, Roxy and DC Shoes brands.
On 30 January 2018, the global CEO of Boardriders, Pierre Agnes, was declared missing after his sailboat washed ashore without him near Biarritz, France, after he radioed in to delay his return in thick fog conditions.
The brand was shuttered after the 1991 surf industry crash but revived by Bob McKnight and Danny Kwock in 1992, signing Lisa Andersen in 1993.
Roxy was chosen because it sounded like a punk band or club (likely Roxy Music and The Roxy respectively), and is also the name of the daughters of both CEO Bob McKnight and founder Alan Green.
It is also equal to the sum of average variable costs (total variable costs divided by Q) and average fixed costs (total fixed costs divided by Q)Average costs may be dependent on the time period considered (increasing production may be expensive or impossible number in the short term, for example).
Marginal costs are often also shown on these graphs, with marginal cost representing the cost of the last unit produced at each point; marginal costs in the short run are the slope of the variable cost curve (and hence the first derivative of variable cost).
A typical average cost curve has a U-shape, because fixed costs are all incurred before any production takes place and marginal costs are typically increasing, because of diminishing marginal productivity.
An increasing marginal cost curve intersects a U-shaped average cost curve at the latter's minimum, after which the average cost curve begins to slope upward.
For further increases in production beyond this minimum, marginal cost is above average costs, so average costs are increasing as quantity increases.
For example: for a factory designed to produce a specific quantity of widgets per period—below a certain production level, average cost is higher due to under-used equipment, and above that level, production bottlenecks increase average cost.
The behavioral assumption is that the firm will choose that combination of inputs that produce the desired quantity at the lowest possible cost.
A long-run average cost curve is typically downward sloping at relatively low levels of output and upward or downward sloping at relatively high levels of output.
Most commonly, the long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, by definition reflecting economies of scale where negatively sloped and diseconomies of scale where positively sloped.
Likewise, it has diseconomies of scale (is operating in an upward sloping region of the long-run average cost curve) if and only if it has decreasing returns to scale, and has neither economies nor diseconomies of scale if it has constant returns to scale.
With perfect competition in the output market the long-run market equilibrium will involve all firms operating at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves (i.e., at the borderline between economies and diseconomies of scale).
For example, if there are increasing returns to scale in some range of output levels, but the firm is so big in one or more input markets that increasing its purchases of an input drives up the input's per-unit cost, then the firm could have diseconomies of scale in that range of output levels.
Conversely, if the firm is able to get bulk discounts of an input, then it could have economies of scale in some range of output levels even if it has decreasing returns in production in that output range.
This means that the largest firm tends to have a cost advantage, and the industry tends naturally to become a monopoly, and hence is called a natural monopoly.
Natural monopolies tend to exist in industries with high capital costs in relation to variable costs, such as water supply and electricity supply.
The Average Variable Cost curve, Average Cost curve and the Marginal Cost curve start from a height, reach the minimum points, then rise sharply and continuously.
The Average Variable Cost curve is never parallel to or as high as the Average Cost curve due to the existence of positive Average Fixed Costs at all levels of production; but the Average Variable Cost curve asymptotically approaches the Average Cost curve from below.
The Marginal Cost curve always passes through the minimum points of the Average Variable Cost and Average Cost curves, though the Average Variable Cost curve attains the minimum point prior to that of the Average Cost curve.
Jane Arminda Delano, born March 13, 1862 in Montour Falls, New York – died April 15, 1919 in Savenay, Loire-Atlantique, France, was a nurse and founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service.
A descendant of one of the first settlers to America, Philippe de la Noye (Delano) (1602–1681) Jane Delano attended Cook Academy, a Baptist boarding school in her hometown then studied nursing at the Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing in New York City, where she graduated in 1886.
Leaving Florida, Jane Delano then spent three years nursing typhoid patients at a copper mine in Bisbee, Arizona until accepting an appointment as the Superintendent of Nurses at University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In 1898, during the Spanish–American War, Jane Delano became a member of the New York Chapter of the American Red Cross and served as the secretary for the enrollment of nurses.
In 1902 she returned to Bellevue Hospital in New York City as the director of the Training School for Nurses where she remained until 1909 when she was made Superintendent of the United States Army Nurse Corps.
During this time, her invaluable contributions to her profession resulted in her being named president of the American Nurses Association and chair of the National Committee of the Red Cross Nursing Service.
A leading pioneer of the modern nursing profession, Delano almost single-handedly created American Red Cross Nursing when she united the work of the American Nurses Association, the Army Nurse Corps, and the American Red Cross.
Through her efforts, emergency response teams were organized for disaster relief and over 8,000 registered nurses were trained and ready for duty by the time the United States entered World War I.
The mission was to participate in and represent the American Red Cross at the preliminary conference of Red Cross workers and health experts of the world being held at Cannes.
Awarded the Distinguished Service Medal posthumously, the year following her death her remains were brought back to the United States by the Army Quartermaster Corps and re-interred in the nurses section at Arlington National Cemetery.
At the top of the hill overlooking the nurses section is a bronze memorial to Jane Delano and the 296 nurses who lost their lives during World War I.
A number of representatives of the American Red Cross, Army officers of the Army Medical Corps, and a delegation of uniformed nurses attended the funeral.
A detachment of Army troops and a military band from Fort Myers acted as an escort for the body when it was taken to the grave from the vault at Arlington Cemetery.
She was named to the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame and at Schuyler County Hospital in Dix, New York there is a Jane Delano Memorial with a display of personal items including a number of her awards and medals.
Rev Robert Smith Candlish DD (23 March 1806 – 19 October 1873) was a Scottish minister who was a leading figure in the Disruption of 1843.
He was born at 11 West Richmond Street in Edinburgh, the son of James Candlish (1760-1806), a lecturer in Medicine who died soon after he was born.
During the years 1823–1826 he went through the prescribed course at the divinity hall, then presided over by Rev Dr Stevenson McGill.
In 1829 Candlish entered upon his life's work, having been licensed to preach during the summer vacation of the previous year.
After short assistant pastorates at St Andrews Church, Glasgow, and then the parish church of Bonhill in Dunbartonshire, he became assistant minister to Mr. Martin of St George's, Edinburgh.
He attracted the attention of his audience by his intellectual keenness, emotional fervour, spiritual insight and power of dramatic representation of character and life.
His theology was that of the Scottish Calvinistic school, and he gathered round him one of the largest congregations in the city.
Candlish took an interest in ecclesiastical questions, and he soon became involved in the struggle which was then agitating Church of Scotland.
His first Assembly speech, delivered in 1839, placed him among the leaders of the party that afterwards formed the Free Church, and his influence in bringing about the Disruption of 1843 was inferior only to that of Thomas Chalmers.
He took his stand on two principles: the right of the people to choose their ministers, and the independence of the church in things spiritual.
Following the Disruption Candlish was one of the Free Churchmen who spoke in England, explaining the reason why so many had left the Established Church.
He was actively engaged at one time or other in nearly all the various schemes of the church, but particularly the education committee, of which he was convener from 1846 to 1863, and in the unsuccessful negotiations for union among the non-established Presbyterian denominations of Scotland, which were carried on during the years 1863-1873.
from Princeton, New Jersey, in 1841, was chosen by the Assembly of the Free Church to succeed Chalmers in the chair of divinity in the New College, Edinburgh.
After partially fulfilling the duties of the office for one session, he was led to resume the charge of St George's, the clergyman who had been chosen by the congregation as his successor having died before entering on his work.
In 1862 he succeeded William Cunningham as principal of New College with the understanding that he should still retain his position as minister of St George's.
As the Free Church lost the right to burial in the traditional parish burial grounds, Candlish is buried in the non-denominational Old Calton Burial Ground.
Modern facilities include an electricity network since 1986, health-care, telephone (just one line since 1996,tel: +98 056 2533 -3400), drinking water since 1998, unrefined piped water, asphalt roads, a rural cooperative, an Islamic council, elementary school and a boarding middle school.
He stayed in the fireplace for a while and did not go out till some villagers entreated him to go out.
The unobservable density function is thought of as the density according to which a large population is distributed; the data are usually thought of as a random sample from that population.
A variety of approaches to density estimation are used, including Parzen windows and a range of data clustering techniques, including vector quantization.
That is, a Gaussian density function is placed at each data point, and the sum of the density functions is computed over the range of the data.
The third figure uses optimal smoothing via the method of Hall, Racine, and Li indicating that the unconditional density bandwidth used in the second figure above yields a conditional density estimate that may be somewhat undersmoothed.
A very natural use of density estimates is in the informal investigation of the properties of a given set of data.
In some cases they will yield conclusions that may then be regarded as self-evidently true, while in others all they will do is to point the way to further analysis and/or data collection.
An important aspect of statistics, often neglected nowadays, is the presentation of data back to the client in order to provide explanation and illustration of conclusions that may possibly have been obtained by other means.
Density estimation is also frequently used in anomaly detection or novelty detection: if an observation lies in a very low-density region, it is likely to be an anomaly or a novelty.
He was born on New Year's Day 1826 at 28 Montrose Street in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of Dr. Harry Rainy LLD (1792-1876) a surgeon who later served as Professor of Forensic Medicine in the University of Glasgow, and his wife Barbara Gordon (1793-1854).
However his interests turned to the church, which had been the path of his grandfather, Rev George Rainy (1734-1810) of Sutherland, in northern Scotland.
He was caught by the evangelical fervour of the Disruption of 1843, and moved to Edinburgh to train as Free Church minister at the New College.
He was ordained by the Free Church at Huntly in Aberdeenshire in 1851 and then in 1854 moved to the Free High Church in Edinburgh (occupying the north-east section of New College).
In 1874 he was made Principal of the college in succession to Robert Candlish, and was subsequently known as Principal Rainy.
He had come to the front as a champion of the Liberal Party in the Union controversy within the Free Church, and in combating Dean Stanley's Broad Church views in the interests of Scotch evangelicism.
He guided it through the controversies as to Robertson Smith's heresies, as to the use of hymns and instrumental music (a large part of the church preferring unaccompanied singing), and also to the Declaratory Act.
In this he was one of the figures who brought to a successful conclusion the union of the Free Church of Scotland and United Presbyterian Churches, and threw the weight of the newly united church on the side of freedom of Biblical criticism.
He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1887 in succession to Rev Alexander Neill Somerville and was succeeded in turn by Rev John Laird in 1888.
Following the Union of 1900 he left the Free Church of Scotland to join as leader of the United Free Church of Scotland serving as its first Moderator.
However, and he went on a trip to Australia to recover his health, and died in Melbourne on 22 December 1906.
His wife, Susan Rolland (1835-1905) and most of his children (including Adam Rainy MP and Rev Henry Craigie Rainy DD) lie with him.
It is used as dining halls for the University of Edinburgh's student halls of residence at Mylne's Court and Patrick Geddes Hall.
Edmund Calvert Lynch (May 19, 1885 – May 12, 1938) and his friend, Charles E. Merrill, formed Merrill Lynch on October 15, 1915.
In 1907, Merrill moved into Lynch's room at the YMCA's boarding house while trying to find a place to live in New York City.
Lynch was especially known for helping create, finance, and broker many large chain-stores in the United States, including S.S. Kresge Corporation (now Kmart), J. C. Penney, and Safeway Inc.
Edmund C. Lynch gained special notoriety when he foresaw the impending Wall Street Crash of 1929, and advised Merrill Lynch's clients to sell many of their stock holdings in 1928.
We think you should know that with a few exceptions all the larger companies financed by us today have no funded debt.
This is not the result of luck but of carefully considered plans on the part of their managements and ourselves to place these companies in an impregnable position.
We do not urge you to sell securities indiscriminately, but we advise you in no uncertain terms that you take advantage of present high prices and put your own financial house in order.
We recommend that you sell enough securities to lighten your obligations, or better yet, pay them entirely.Lynch's concern for the bullish stock market was so strong that he went to the White House in 1928 and warned President Calvin Coolidge of his intuition.
During his meeting with the President, Lynch famously even offered to make President Coolidge a partner of his firm, but the President turned down his offer.
Edmund Lynch married Signa Janney Fornaris in 1923 with whom he had three children: Vernon, Edmund Calvert Jr. (who later joined his father's firm), and Signa Janney.
They also have nine grandchildren: Kelli Merrill, Austen (Baron) Gray, Dustin Merrill, Lily Gray, Nick Merrill, Merrill Hermann, Taylor Ogan, Robert Hermann III, and Chase Merrill.
Alexander Sutherland Neill (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish educator and author known for his school, Summerhill, and its philosophy of freedom from adult coercion and community self-governance.
Raised in Scotland, he became a schoolteacher at several schools across the country before attending the University of Edinburgh in 1908–1912.
He was raised in an austere, Calvinist house with values of fear, guilt, and adult and divine authority, which he later repudiated.
His father was the village dominie (Scottish schoolmaster) of Kingsmuir, near Forfar in eastern Scotland, and his mother had been a teacher before her marriage.
Scholars have interpreted Neill's harsh childhood as the impetus for his later philosophy, though his father was not shown to be harsher to Allie (as Neill was known) than to anyone else.
Children usually left the local school for Forfar Academy at the age of 14, and with his father a teacher, Neill was especially expected to do so.
His parents took pity on his hatred of the job, homesickness, and its low pay, and so Neill became an apprentice draper in Forfar.
He taught a wider range of topics as his self-confidence grew, and he developed an interest in mathematics from the Forfar Academy maths master.
He stayed in Kingskettle for three years, during which he learned Greek from a local priest, an experience that increased his interest in academicism and sublimated his interest in priesthood into a desire to attend university.
Neill became an assistant teacher at the Newport Public School in the wealthy Newport-on-Tay, where he learned to dance and appreciate music and theatre.
He began as an agriculture student, at his father's behest for a well-salaried career, but switched to English literature by the end of his first year.
He began to develop his thoughts about the futility of forced education, and the axiom that all learning came from intrinsic interest.
Leonard Waks wrote that, like Homer Lane, Neill thought all teaching should follow student interest, and that teaching method did not matter much once student interest was apparent.
Bailey criticized Neill's absolution of responsibility for his pupils' academic performance, and his view that charismatic instruction was a form of persuasion that weakened child autonomy.
Despite this, he would flippantly remark that Summerhill was the only Christian school in England when its philosophy was compared with that of Christ.
Like Freud, he felt that children who were denied understanding of their sexuality in their youth became adults who were similarly fearful of their own sexuality.
Neill felt that children (and human nature) were innately good, and that children naturally became just and virtuous when allowed to grow without adult imposition of morality.
Neill's practice can be summarised as providing children with space, time, and empowerment for personal exploration and with freedom from adult fear and coercion.
Likewise, the purpose of Neill's education was to be happy and interested in life, and children needed complete freedom to find their interests.
He felt that children turned to self-hate and internal hostility when denied an outlet for expression in adult systems of emotional regulation and manipulation.
Moreover, their needs could not be fulfilled by adults or a society that simultaneously prolonged their unhappiness, although perhaps a school like Summerhill could help.
Neill saw contemporary interventionist practice as doing harm by emphasising conformity and stifling children's natural drive to do as they please.
Despite Neill's common citation as a leader within progressive education, his ideas were considerably more radical, and he was called an extremist by other radicals.
In actuality, he had a personal interest in scholarship and used his autobiography near the end of his life to profess the necessity of both emotion and intellect in education, though he often took jabs at what he saw to be education's overemphasis on book-learning.
Neill felt that an emotional education freed the intellect to follow what it pleased, and that children required an emotional education to keep up with their own gradual developmental needs.
Neill was influenced by Sigmund Freud's theories of psychoanalysis, Homer Lane's interpretation of Freud, and later, by the unorthodox sexual theories of Wilhelm Reich.
Although not a trained therapist, Neill gave psychoanalytic private lessons to individual children, designed to unblock impasses in their inner energies.
Bailey also compared Neill's thoughts on coercion to those of Godwin, who felt that regulation through reward and punishment stunted growth.
Joel Spring likened Neill's views on the family to that of Mary Wollstonecraft, in that the parents would share power equally.
When Neill said children should be free, he did not mean complete freedom, but freedom without licence—that everyone can do as they like unless such action encroaches upon another's freedom.
Bailey wrote that Neill did not have full faith in self-regulation due to his emphasis on the necessity of making specific environments for children.
Robin Barrow argued that Neill's idea of self-regulation was contradictory, when its intent was, more simply, the extent to which children need to abide by external restraints.
Summerhill held a weekly general meeting that decided the school's rules and settled school disputes, where every member of the community—staff and student alike—had a single vote.
Summerhill sought to produce individualists conscious of their surrounding social order, and Neill chose the self-governance of Homer Lane's Little Commonwealth for the basis of that lesson.
The general meeting replaced teacher authority with communal control, which freed teachers from their roles as disciplinarians and instructed children in the role of democratic participation and the role of rules.
An ex-pupil recalled some of the wild ideas Neill would propose at the meeting, and while the students would vote him down, she later recounted how the exercise was also intended as a lesson for the staff on the power of the meeting and communal authority.
On occasion, Neill exercised unilateral decision-making as the owner of the school, despite his emphasis on the authority figure-less nature of the school.
Bailey added that the unpretentious book's message was easier to impart than Deweyan thought, and that its release inspired Neill's education critic contemporaries as to the viability of their ideas.
Academics and teachers cited Summerhill as the common ancestor for free schools, and Neill was poised to become a public figure during Summerhill's heyday in the 1970s.
Richard Bailey wrote that Summerhill received most of its public attention in the 1920s to 1930s and in the 1960s to 1970s, which were milieux of social change (progressivism and the counterculture, respectively).
H. A. T. Child associated Summerhill with the Bedales School, Alfred the Great, and Child's Dartington Hall School, and David Gribble wrote about schools around the world following Neill's teachings in 1998.
Richard Bailey wrote that Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner's followers were more evangelical in character, and that Neill deterred would-be devotees.
Both George Dennison and Bailey felt Neill's influence to not be easily measurable, with Dennison adding that non-Summerhill schools continue to adopt Neillian thought.
Williamson Park in Lancaster, England, was constructed by millionaire James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton, and his father, also called James Williamson.
The park now covers an area of 53.6 acres (217,000 m²), having been extended in 1999 onto adjoining land, Fenham Carr, following a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
Features of the park include the Ashton Memorial, fountains, a butterfly house, a café, a children's play area, the Lancaster sundial on the site of what was once a bandstand, an artificial waterfall, some sculptures and a small folly known as the Temple.
There were also formerly an astronomical observatory and a weather station, but these became unviable with growth of the surrounding trees.
Since 1987 The Dukes Theatre, based in the city, have put on their 'Play in the Park' during July and August each year.
The production uses the natural scenery of the park as the stage and requires the audience to follow performers from scene to scene.
The first production to be staged in the park was A Midsummer Night's Dream in which Dukes' honorary patron Andy Serkis appeared.
Since it began over 500,000 people have attended at Dukes' park show and the 2016 production of The Hobbit won Best Show for Children and Young People at the UK Theatre Awards.
On 18–20 May 2018 the park played host to the inaugural Highest Point music festival which offered several stages across the grounds.
Highest Point featured performances from Ocean Colour Scene, Rae Morris, Embrace, The Two Bears and the Hacienda Classical, and the festival was held again in May 2019.
Tim Flock finished 5th in NASCAR's inaugural Strictly Stock race at Charlotte, North Carolina in 1949; he drove an Oldsmobile 88 that he borrowed from his newlywed neighbors.
NASCAR's first official season ended with Tim in eighth, Tim's brother Fonty Flock in fifth, and his other brother Bob Flock in third in the overall points standing.
At the end of the 1952 NASCAR season, Flock had 106 more points than Herb Thomas, earning Flock his first Grand National Championship title, despite flipping in the final race at West Palm Beach.
The monkey was retired two weeks later at Raleigh, where the monkey pulled the device to allow the driver to observe the right front tire and was hit by a pebble.
At the time, drivers used a device to lift the wheel well to observe tire wear in case of a tire failing.
Tim had to do a pit stop to remove the monkey, and he finished third (he would have won without the problem).
Flock followed points leader and pole sitter Buck Baker for much of the start until many of the leaders began exiting for various problems, allowing Flock to lead the final ten laps.
No other stock car events of any type were held at the track until the 1990s, and in 2010 the NASCAR Nationwide Series began racing there.
In spite of their combined on-track success, Flock left Kiekhaefer's team immediately after his victory in the April 8 race at North Wilkesboro Speedway, citing stomach ulcers.
This was widely known by the public to be retaliation by NASCAR management for Flock's support of a NASCAR driver's union.
Flock continued to race under other sanctioning bodies, including the Midwest Association for Race Cars (MARC), competing in the 100-mile event on the dirt at Lakewood Speedway, Georgia, in October 1961, where he finished second.
Flock died of liver and throat cancer on March 31, 1998, six weeks before his 74th birthday, during NASCAR's 50th anniversary season.
He has been inducted in numerous halls of fame, including the: International Motorsports Hall of Fame (1991), Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (1999), National Motorsports Press Association Hall of Fame (1972), State of Georgia Hall of Fame (1972), and Charlotte Motor Speedway Court of Legends (1994).
On May 22, 2013, Flock was named member of the NASCAR Hall of Fame for 2014, to be inducted during Acceleration Weekend in January.
In cryptography, an oblivious transfer (OT) protocol is a type of protocol in which a sender transfers one of potentially many pieces of information to a receiver, but remains oblivious as to what piece (if any) has been transferred.
In this form, the sender sends a message to the receiver with probability 1/2, while the sender remains oblivious as to whether or not the receiver received the message.
The latter notion of oblivious transfer is a strengthening of private information retrieval, in which the database is not kept private.
It is considered one of the critical problems in the field, because of the importance of the applications that can be built based on it.
In particular, it is complete for secure multiparty computation: that is, given an implementation of oblivious transfer it is possible to securely evaluate any polynomial time computable function without any additional primitive.
The protocol of Even, Goldreich, and Lempel (which the authors attribute partially to Silvio Micali), is general, but can be instantiated using RSA encryption as follows.
In 2017, Kolesnikov et al., proposed an efficient 1-n oblivious transfer protocol which requires roughly 4x the cost of 1-2 oblivious transfer in amortized setting.
The sender should remain oblivious of the selection made by the receiver, while the receiver cannot learn the value of the messages outside the subset of messages that he chose to obtain.
The solution proposed by Ishai and Kushilevitz uses the parallel invocations of 1-2 oblivious transfer while making use of a special model of private protocols.
Later on, other solutions that are based on secret sharing were published – one by Bhavani Shankar, Kannan Srinathan, and C. Pandu Rangan, and another by Tamir Tassa.
In contrast to other tasks in quantum cryptography, like quantum key distribution, it has been shown that quantum oblivious transfer cannot be implemented with unconditional security, i.e.
Ridley Hall is a theological college located in Sidgwick Avenue in Cambridge in the United Kingdom, which trains men and women intending to take Holy Orders, as deacon or priest of the Church of England, and members of the laity working with children and young people, as lay pioneers and within a pastoral capacity such as lay chaplaincy.
Ridley Hall was founded in 1881 and named in memory of Nicholas Ridley, a leading Anglican theologian and martyr of the sixteenth century.
Ridley Hall forms part of the Cambridge Theological Federation, along with Westcott House, Westminster College, the Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies, and others.
The current principal of Ridley Hall is Michael Volland, who succeeded Andrew Norman, who moved on to become Director of Ministry and Mission in the Diocese of Leeds.
William Law (1686 – 9 April 1761) was a Church of England priest who lost his position at Emmanuel College, Cambridge when his conscience would not allow him to take the required oath of allegiance to the first Hanoverian monarch, King George I.
Previously William Law had given his allegiance to the House of Stuart and is sometimes considered a second-generation non-juror (an earlier generation of non-jurors included Thomas Ken).
Thereafter, Law first continued as a simple priest (curate) and when that too became impossible without the required oath, Law taught privately, as well as wrote extensively.
His personal integrity, as well as his mystic and theological writing greatly influenced the evangelical movement of his day as well as Enlightenment thinkers such as the writer Dr Samuel Johnson and the historian Edward Gibbon.
He resided at Cambridge, teaching and taking occasional duty until the accession of George I, when his conscience forbade him to take the oaths of allegiance to the new government and of abjuration of the Stuarts.
By 1727 he lived with Edward Gibbon (1666–1736) at Putney as tutor to his son Edward, father of the historian, who says that Law became the much-honoured friend and spiritual director of the family.
In the same year he accompanied his pupil to Cambridge and lived with him as governor, in term time, for the next four years.
His pupil then went abroad but Law was left at Putney, where he remained in Gibbon's house for more than 10 years, acting as a religious guide not only to the family but to a number of earnest-minded people who came to consult him.
The most eminent of these were the two brothers, John and Charles Wesley, John Byrom the poet, George Cheyne the Newtonian physician, and Archibald Hutcheson, MP for Hastings.
There he was joined by Elizabeth Hutcheson, the rich widow of his old friend (who recommended on his death-bed that she place herself under Law's spiritual guidance) and Hester Gibbon, sister to his late pupil.
For the next 21 years, the trio devoted themselves to worship, study and charity, until Law died on 9 April 1761.
John and Charles Wesley, George Whitefield, Henry Venn, Thomas Scott, and Thomas Adam all express their deep obligation to the author.
Samuel Johnson, Gibbon, Lord Lyttelton and Bishop Home all spoke enthusiastically of its merits; and it is still the work by which its author is popularly known.
Law's mystical tendencies caused the first breach in 1738 between Law and the practical-minded John Wesley after an exchange of four letters in which each explained his own position.
I do not mean by misrepresenting his sentiments; (though some of his profound admirers are positive that you misunderstand and murder him throughout) but by dragging him out of his awful obscurity; by pouring light upon his venerable darkness.
Men may admire the deepness of the well, and the excellence of the water it contains: But if some officious person puts a light into it, it will appear to be both very shallow and very dirty.
He owned a quarto edition of 1715, which had been carefully printed from the Johann Georg Gichtel edition of 1682, printed in Amsterdam where Gichtel (1638-1710) lived and worked.
After the death of both Law and Richardson in 1761, Law's friends George Ward and Thomas Langcake published between 1764 and 1781 a four-volume version of the works of Jakob Böhme.
This version became known as the Law-edition of Böhme, even though Law had never found the time to contribute to this new edition.
As a result of this it was ultimately based on the original translations made by John Ellistone and John Sparrow between 1645 and 1662, with only a few changes.
Law had found some illustrations made by the German early Böhme exegetist Dionysius Andreas Freher (1649-1728) which had been included in this edition.
Aldous Huxley quotes admiringly and at length from Law's writings on mysticism in his anthology The Perennial Philosophy, pointing out remarkable parallels between his ( Law's ) mystical insights and those of Mahayana Buddhism, Vedanta, Sufism, Taoism and other traditions encompassed by Leibniz's concept of the Philosophia Perennis.
Law is honoured on 10 April with a feast day on the Calendar of saints, the Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church in the United States of America) and other Anglican churches.
It is also known as Picpoule (with various variations of spelling (Piquepoul, Picpoul), although it is in fact unrelated to the Picpoul of the Languedoc) as well as Gros Plant and Enrageat blanc.
Folle blanche is used in the Loire Valley area and in Brittany around Nantes to produce Gros Plant du Pays Nantais, a very dry and often tartly acidic wine that pairs well with shellfish.
The first recorded mentioning of Folle blanche was in 1696 when the grape was documented as one of the varieties growing in the Charente-Maritime department.
DNA analysis in the late 20th and early 21st century has concluded that Folle blanche is likely one of the numerous offspring vines of Gouais blanc, though the second parent is currently unknown.
In 2001, French ampelographer Guy Lavignac theorized that Folle blanche likely originated in either the Landes or Gers departments of Southwest France due to the proliferation of offspring and sibling varieties of Folle blanche in those regions.
After the phylloxera epidemic of the 19th century, plantings of Folle blanche declined as wine growers switched to heartier, more rot resistant varieties such as the Baco blanc grape in the Cognac and Armagnac regions.
This trend continued throughout most of the 20th century and into the 21st century as plantings of Folle blanche steadily declined from in 1958 to in 2009.
Through its offspring relationship with the Hunnic grape Gouais blanc, Folle blanche is at least a half-sibling of numerous grape varieties including Aubin vert, Bachet noir, Knipperlé, Montils, Peurion, Roublot, Dameron, Balzac blanc and Genouillet.
American ampelographer Linda Bisson classifies Folle blanche as a member of the Folle ampelographic group with strong similarities and potential genetic relationship with fellow Folle grapes Meslier-Saint-François and Petit Meslier.
The rare Bordeaux wine grape Merlot blanc is a natural crossing of Folle blanche and Merlot that was discovered in 1891.
At one point Folle blanche was thought to be a color mutation of Jurancon noir (which is also known as Folle noire) but DNA analysis in 2009 showed that the black berried Jurancon grape was actually an offspring of Folle blanche through a natural crossing with Malbec.
Additionally, Fuella nera (another grape known under the synonym Folle noire) was once speculated to have been a color mutation but DNA evidence has shown that is not the case.
Due to its complex genetic relationship with numerous varieties, Folle blanche is often mistaken for grape varieties that share some familial relationship such as its half-sibling Knipperlé.
While Folle blanche can be a very productive, mid-ripening and high yielding variety, it is highly susceptible to a number of viticultural hazards including downy mildew, mites and black rot.
The early budding nature of the vine also makes it susceptible to spring time frost damage while the very compact clusters makes the berries susceptible to fungal infections like botrytis bunch rot.
While the grape's use in Cognac and Armagnac has largely fallen out of favor in preference to Baco blanc, some producers in Armagnac make a varietal brandy out of the grape.
Outside France Folle blanche is grown in the Basque Country where it is known as Mune Mahatsa and is sometimes blended with Hondarribi Zuri (Courbu blanc).
More technically, it is a cone of force that propagates through a brittle, amorphous or cryptocrystalline solid material from a point of impact.
This is the physical principle that explains the form and characteristics of the flakes removed from a core of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction.
This phenomenon is named after the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who first described this type of wave-front propagation through various media.
Smaller cones may be produced due to lack of size of the material, or irregularities in the structure of the material.
The Polish diaspora is also known in Modern Polish as Polonia, which is the name for Poland in Latin and in many Romance languages.
There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed.
Reasons for the displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exiles as well as political and economic emigration.
Major populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native home region of Central Europe and in many other countries of Europe and also well in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa.
Huge numbers of Poles left the country during the Partitions of Poland for economic and political reasons as well as the ethnic persecution practised by Russia, Prussia and Austria.
The restored Second Polish Republic was home to the world's largest Jewish population as late as 1938 because of the massive influx of new refugees escaping persecution.
Most survivors subsequently migrated to Mandate Palestine since Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to allow free Jewish aliyah without visas or exit permits at the end of the war.
A recent, large emigration of Poles took place after Poland's accession to the European Union and opening of the EU's labour market.
Most Poles live in Europe, the Americas and Australia, but a few Poles have settled in smaller numbers in Asia, Africa and Oceania, as economic migrants or as part of Catholic missions.
There are presently 396,000 Poles living in Belarus (according to the official 1999 census; the estimates are higher according to various NGOs).
Few Belarusian Poles now live in Siberia and the Russian Far East, and some of those who managed to survive resettlement returned to Poland after 1956.
The census of 1959 had 538,881 ethnic Poles in Belarus (332,300 in Grodno Region, 83,800 in Vitebsk Region, 70,000 in Minsk Region including Minsk, 42,100 in Brest Region, 7,200 in Gomel Region and 3,500 in Mogilev Region).
Polish immigration to the Netherlands has steadily increased since Poland joined the EU, and now, an estimated 135,000 Polish people live in the country.
Most of them are guest workers from the European Union contract labour program, as more Poles obtain have light industrial jobs.
Most Poles in the Netherlands are in The Hague (30,000), but Polish émigrés have been long settled in Amsterdam and industrial towns or cities like Utrecht and Groningen.
It traces its origins to border changes after the First World War that partitioned the area between Poland and what was then Czechoslovakia, leaving many Poles on what is now the Czech side of the border.
The history of the Polish community in Finland dates from the early 19th century, when a number of Poles from the Russian-controlled part of the country settled there.
In 1917, there were around 4,000 Poles in Finland, mostly soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army, and almost all had returned to their homeland by 1921.
Prominent members have included Frédéric Chopin, Adam Mickiewicz, Rene Goscinny, Marie Curie, Michel Poniatowski, Raymond Kopa, Ludovic Obraniak and Edward Gierek.
For centuries, there was an alliance between the France and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: the longest-reigning queen consort of France has been a Pole, Marie Leszczyńska.
Many Poles settled in France after the rule of Napoleon and the collapse of the Duchy of Warsaw, when 100,000 Poles, largely political refugees, fled the Russians and Prussians, who took over Poland.
The Great Emigration, from the first half of the 19th century onwards, caused many Poles to be enlisted to fight in the French army.
Another wave of Polish migration took place between the two World Wars, when many were hired as contract workers to work temporarily in France.
It should be noted, however, that there might be many more since the Greek Orthodox Church administers Greek names for marriage and christening.
Budapest is home to a large Polish community, and there are also ethnic Poles in the northern part of the country, bordering Slovakia and Ukraine.
After Poland joined the European Union in 2004, Ireland immediately opened its borders and welcomed Polish workers as relatively-cheap qualified labour (only the United Kingdom and Sweden did the same).
The Polish minority in Lithuania is 200,317; at 6.6% of the population, it is now the largest ethnic minority in Lithuania.
Poles are concentrated in the Vilnius region and form the majority of the population in Vilnius district municipality and Šalčininkai district municipality.
The former Solidarity leader and Polish President Lech Wałęsa criticised the government of Lithuania over discrimination against the Polish minority, which has included the enforced Lithuanization of Polish surnames and the removal of bilingual Polish-language street signs in municipalities predominantly inhabited by the Polish-speaking population.
This because Norway is a member of the European Economic Area, providing the same free movement of labour as between members of the European Union.
According to the Norwegian Statistics Burea, there are 108,255 Poles in Norway (2019 Official Norway estimate) and make up 2.10% of the Norwegian population.
Compared to the Hungarian census of 1910, there has been a significant decrease, as then there were 10,569 Polish-language speakers in the territory of present Slovakia.
Like only the United Kingdom and Ireland, Sweden let Poles work in the country once Poland joined the European Union in 2004.
The Poles in Sweden has been estimated to be around 103,191 people, 88,704 of whom were born in Poland and 14,487 with both of their parents being born in Poland.
Historically, Poland and Sweden had some cultural exchange, and the Swedish Empire occupied the Polish Baltic Sea coast (Gdańsk and Pomerania) in various times from the 13th to the 18th centuries.
Like the Polish community of Finland, some Polish diasporans from Germany were come from the Rhine-Ruhr basin, as immigrant workers to Switzerland.
In 1842, Prince Adam Czartoryski founded the village of Adampol for Polish immigrants who came to Turkey after the failed November Uprising.
For example, Leyla Gencer's mother was Atiye Çeyrekgil, was born as Alexandra Angela Minakovska and converted to Islam after death of her husband.
Also, Nazım Hikmet Ran's mother, Ayşe Celile Hanım, was a descendant of Mustafa Celaleddin Pasha, who was born as Konstantin Borzecki in 1826.
Poles began settling in the territory of present Ukraine in the 14th century, after Red Ruthenia had become part of the Kingdom of Poland.
There was a Polish Autonomous District near Zhytomyr that was created in 1926, but it was disbanded in 1935 and its Polish inhabitants were either murdered or deported to Kazakhstan.
The majority of those who survived the war in Ukraine were forcibly deported to the former eastern territories of Germany after Poland was shifted to the west by the Allied Potsdam Agreement after World War II.
It was only after the First World War that Poles settled in large numbers in London – many from the Prisoner of War camps in Alexandra Palace and Feltham.
During the Second World War many Poles came to the United Kingdom as political émigrés and to join the Polish Armed Forces in the West being recreated there.
When the Second World War ended, a Communist government was installed in Poland and was hostile to servicemen returning from the West.
After Poland's entry into the European Union in May 2004, Poles gained the right to work in some other EU countries.
While France and Germany put in place temporary controls to curb Central European migration, the United Kingdom (along with only Sweden and the Republic of Ireland) did not impose restrictions.
Estimates for the total number of people now living in the UK and born in Poland or of Polish descent vary significantly.
Other than London, Poles have settled in Southampton in Hampshire, Manchester, Bolton and Bury in Greater Manchester and Chorley in Lancashire.
There are also large concentrations in Bradford, Leeds, Coventry and Nottingham, as well as South Yorkshire, South Wales, Herefordshire, Rugby, Banbury, Slough, Redditch and Swindon.
The economic crisis in the UK and the growing economy in Poland reduced the economic incentive for Poles to migrate to the UK.
By the last quarter of 2008, it was claimed by the IPPR that up to half of those that had come to the UK to work may have returned home.
However the research was unreliable, as numbers have never been recorded, and was shown to be incorrect by Professor Krystyna Iglicka of the Centre for International Affairs in Warsaw.
According to the UK Office for National Statistics, Poland had overtaken India as the most common overseas country of birth for foreign-born people living in the United Kingdom in 2015.
Although they do not settle in the world smallest country, many Polish priests spend a time of their training studying in one of the universities of the Holy See in Rome.
The most famous Pole that has settled in Vatican City has been, for institutional reasons, former Archbishop of Kraków cardinal Karol Wojtyła, as Pope John Paul II (1978–2005).
The United States and Canada were the major focus of Polish political and economic migration since 1850 up until the fall of the Iron Curtain.
The Canadian Polish Congress is an umbrella organization, founded in 1944 by Polish-Canadians to co-ordinate the activities and to articulate the concerns of the community on public policy issues.
Many of the Poles who were sent there felt it wrong to fight against the Haitians who were fighting for their freedom—just like the Poles in the Napoleonic armies—and some 400 Poles changed sides.
After the war, the Haitian constitution stated that because the Poles switched sides and fought for their cause, all Poles could become Haitian citizens.
During World War II, Mexico received thousands of refugees from Poland, primarily of Jewish origin, who settled in the states of Chihuahua and Nuevo León.
The Poles in Chicago are felt in the large number of Polish-American organizations the city such as the Polish Museum of America, the Polish American Association, the Polish National Alliance and the Polish Highlander's Alliance of North America.
Older Polish Americans are rapidly migrating to the Southeast (Florida), the Southwest (Arizona) and the West Coast (California) but also to Poland itself since the 1990s.
In 1944, several hundred Polish children and their caregivers, survivors of forced resettlement of Poles to Soviet Siberia, and their caregivers were temporarily resettled at a refugee camp at Pahiatua, New Zealand.
It was originally planned for the children to return to Poland after World War II ended, but they were eventually allowed to stay in New Zealand after the onset of the Cold War.
At the 2013 census, Polish New Zealanders numbered 1,944 by birth and 2,163 by ethnicity; of them, 42 percent lived in the Auckland Region and 23 percent in the Wellington Region.
In the early years of Zionism, Jewish immigrants from Poland (then divided between Austria-Hungary, Prussia and the Russian Empire) were a significant part of the ideologically-motivated immigration to the then Palestine during the Second Aliya and the Third Aliyah.
Many Jews of Polish origin had prominent roles in building up the Yishuv, the autonomous Zionist-oriented Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine from which Israel developed.
In the aftermath of the Holocaust, many Jewish Displaced Persons in Europe who eventually got to Israel were also of Polish origin.
There are also about 50,000 Jewish immigrants from Poland, with an affinity to the Polish language and culture and about 150,000 of their descendants with very little of that affinity left.
The Polish community in South Africa dates to World War II, when the South African government agreed to the settlement of 12,000 Polish soldiers as well as around 500 Polish orphans who were survivors of forced resettlement of Poles to Soviet Siberia.
More Poles came in the 1970s and 1980s, with several of them specialists coming for work contracts and deciding to stay there.
The War of the Oranges (; ; ) was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal.
It was a precursor to the Peninsular Wars, resulting in the Treaty of Badajoz, the loss of Portuguese territory, in particular Olivenza, as well as ultimately setting the stage for the complete invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by French forces.
In 1800, First Consul Bonaparte and his ally, the Spanish prime-minister and Generalissimo Manuel de Godoy, ultimately demanded Portugal, the last British ally on the continent, to break her alliance with Britain.
The main force of the Spanish Army advanced to Elvas, while two divisions advanced to Campo Maior and another division advanced to Olivença and Juromenha.
Without having their fortifications complete and defended only by a few hundred soldiers, most of the militias, Olivença and nearby Juromenha quickly surrendered to the Spanish forces.
The Portuguese garrison of Campo Maior - under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Dias Azevedo - resisted the assault for 17 days, forcing the Spanish to maintain two entire divisions in its siege.
The main Spanish force - under the direct command of Godoy - tried to assault Elvas but was easily repelled by the strong Portuguese garrison commanded by General Francisco de Noronha.
The Spanish troops then withdrew to a safe distance from the fortress, with Godoy not daring to attack it again until the end of the war.
The war entered in a stalemate, with most of the Spanish forces hold in sieges of fortresses and the rest not being able to face the blockade made by the main core of the Portuguese Army, in order to advance further inside Portugal.
Despite this, Godoy picked oranges from the outside of Elvas and sent them to the Queen of Spain with the message that he would proceed to Lisbon.
Portugal agreed to close its ports to English ships, to give commercial concessions to France, to cede Olivenza to Spain and to pay an indemnity.
On 29 September 1801 Portugal agreed to both maintaining the tenets of the Treaty of Badajoz and the alterations made to it, which were all embodied within the Treaty of Madrid.
In response, from July 1801 until the signing of the Peace of Amiens in 1802, a British force of 3,500 men under Colonel William Henry Clinton occupied the Portuguese island of Madeira in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Intended to forestall any French or Spanish attack on the island, the occupation took place with the tacit consent of the Portuguese.
After the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, in which the Franco-Spanish fleet lost to Britain, the government of Portugal restored relations with its old ally.
This led France to declare the Peace of Badajoz treaty cancelled, again marching on Portugal and invading it, starting the Peninsular War, that lasted from 1807 to 1810.
The French invasion forced the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil in 1807, with Rio de Janeiro becoming the capital of the Portuguese Monarchy.
After the Napoleonic Wars, and the Congress of Vienna, neither Spain nor Portugal gave back the territories acquired both in America (Eastern Missions) and the Peninsula (Olivença); the latter remaining an issue with the Portuguese government (see Question of Olivença).
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore had founded the colony and acted as its governor and Cecil Calvert had managed the colony after his father's death but since he was occupied with the Province of Maryland appointed Hill as governor in his stead.
Kirke had been granted a Royal Charter over all of Newfoundland and forced Hill to vacate the house and move across the harbour where he stayed until his death.
Cinsaut or Cinsault ( ) is a red wine grape, whose heat tolerance and productivity make it important in Languedoc-Roussillon and the former French colonies of Algeria, Lebanon and Morocco.
Cinsaut appears to be an ancient variety that may have originated in the Hérault, but could equally have been brought by traders from the eastern Mediterranean.
Known as Ottavianello, there is one tiny DOC devoted to Cinsaut - Ostuni Ottavianello, with a total production of less than 1000 cases a year.
However, Cinsaut has long been used in Apulian blends and has also begun to attract the attention of winemakers interested in reviving old varieties.
Historically, it was favored for its heat tolerance and productivity to be used in bulk blends but winemakers of late have been experimenting with the grape.
Many new labels can be found on the market offering crunchy red berry flavors at low alcohols, it is still a very useful blending component with other Rhone varietals, while also adding some fruity brightness to Cabernet Sauvignon.
The oldest continuous Cinsaut vineyard is said to be the Bechtold vineyard in Lodi, California, which was planted in 1885 by Joseph Spenker.
New Day Rising is the third studio album by American punk rock band Hüsker Dü, released in 1985 on SST Records.
The album continued the move away from the fast hardcore punk of the band's earliest releases toward slower, more melodic material.
The band wanted to self-produce, but SST insisted on Spot, who produced many of the label's albums, including all of Hüsker Dü's.
This coupled with the higher-quality musicianship and production led fans to perceive the band as more commercial, and the band defended themselves against accusations of selling out.
The territories are: the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico (which, in Spanish, officially calls itself the 'Free Associated State of Puerto Rico').
81-600) authorizing Puerto Rico to hold a constitutional convention and in 1952, the people of Puerto Rico ratified a constitution establishing a republican form of government for the island.
Puerto Rico's political relationship with the U.S. has been a continuing source of debate in Puerto Rico, the United States Congress, and the United Nations.
The issue revolves around whether Puerto Rico should remain a U.S. territory, become a U.S. state, or become an independent country.
Ultimately the U.S. Congress is the only body empowered to decide the political status of Puerto Rico, as stated under the Territorial Clause.
As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is part of the United States as a territory.
The drafting of the Constitution of Puerto Rico by its residents was authorized by Congress in 1951, and the result approved in 1952.
The government of Puerto Rico has held several referenda with the options of U.S. statehood, independence, and commonwealth; the commonwealth option won on multiple plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998.
Of the non-territorial statuses, becoming a U.S. state got 61.16% of the votes, Sovereign Free Associate State got 33.34% and Independence got 5.49%.
Puerto Ricans have United States citizenship and vote for a Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, with voice but without vote, in the United States House of Representatives.
With the exception of federal employees (such as employees of the United States Postal Service, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and servicemen in all branches of the military), residents of Puerto Rico generally do not pay federal income taxes (with the exception of Social Security and Medicare taxes) and Puerto Rico has no representation in the Electoral College that ultimately chooses the U.S. president and vice president.
Puerto Rico also participates in different international organizations such as the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) (associate member), the Organization of Ibero-American States (full member), and the Ibero-American Summit (associate member).
The Covenant was unilaterally amended by the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008 (CNRA) approved by the U.S. Congress on May 8, 2008, thus altering the CNMI's immigration system.
U.S. insular areas are not afforded direct representation in the federal legislature, either in the Senate or in the House of Representatives.
Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution apportions seats in the House of Representatives among the U.S. States by population, with each State being entitled to at least one Representative, but makes no provision for representation of insular areas in the House.
Insular areas are, however, afforded limited representation in the House by a Delegate who may vote in committee but not on the House floor.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was an insular area that held commonwealth status from November 15, 1935 until July 4, 1946.
Vincent John Cusano (born August 6, 1952), better known by his stage name Vinnie Vincent, is an American guitarist and songwriter.
He is a former member of the rock band Kiss from 1982 until mid-1984 during the band's transition out of their 1973–1983 makeup period.
Vincent was the last member to wear a unique makeup/costume configuration, as the character of The Ankh Warrior (a design created by Paul Stanley), until he and the band were first shown without the makeup during an interview on MTV in September 1983.
After being introduced to the band by songwriter Adam Mitchell, Vincent was brought in as the replacement for guitarist Ace Frehley.
Due partly to disputes over what his role in the band was and his pay would be (some reports indicated that Vincent had asked for, and was flatly denied, a percentage of the band's gross profits), and despite the exhortations of both Simmons and Stanley, all through his tenure with the band Vincent refused to sign any contract, making his employment unofficial.
After the Lick It Up Tour ended in March 1984, Vincent was terminated from the band, and replaced by Mark St. John.
Following his departure from Kiss in mid-1984, Vincent used his money that he made from his tenure in the band and took a long vacation and traveled the world for a full year visiting places like Tahiti, Philippines, Mozambique, India and Europe, including a visit to the small town Mora in Dalarna, Sweden.
Featured artists include Steve Brown of Trixter, Troy Patrick Farrell of White Lion, T.J. Racer of Nitro, Mike Weeks of Robert Fleischman's band, Sheldon Tarsha of Adler's Appetite, Chris Caffery of Savatage and Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Ryan Roxie from the Alice Cooper band and rock and roll comic C.C.
After 22 years of being off the radar, Vinnie Vincent agreed to appear at the 2018 Atlanta Kiss Expo in January.
After some e-mail exchanges with Gene Simmons, Vincent agreed to appear with Simmons on stage in April 2018 which was the first time they have met in person in over two decades.
He also gave an exclusive interview to Eddie Trunk for Sirius XM, which was his first in over two decades, and held multiple question-and-answer sessions with fans.
On February 16, 2018, it was announced via Facebook that Vinnie would appear at the Days of the Dead convention in Charlotte, North Carolina in May 2018.
Two months later, Vincent hosted VINNIE VINCENT's BIRTHDAY BASH on August 10th in Nashville, TN, followed by VINNIE VINCENT's MERRY METAL CHRISTMAS on December 14-15, 2019.
Sir Charles Cavendish Boyle (29 May 1849 – 17 September 1916) was a British civil servant, magistrate, and colonial administrator who served as Colonial Governor of Newfoundland, Mauritius and British Guiana.
He was the grandson of Sir Courtenay Boyle and the great-grandson of the Seventh Earl of Cork and Earl of Orrery.
His elder brother, Sir Courtenay Edmund Boyle, was also a civil servant who served as Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint John (CMG) in 1889, and granted a knighthood in the same order in the 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours.
He continued his colonial career with a posting as the 19th Governor of Mauritius from 20 August 1904 to 10 April 1911, after which he retired to Brighton, England.
Milton Mesirow (November 9, 1899 – August 5, 1972), better known as Mezz Mezzrow, was an American jazz clarinetist and saxophonist from Chicago, Illinois.
Mezzrow organized and took part in recording sessions involving black musicians in the 1930s and 1940s, including Benny Carter, Teddy Wilson, Frankie Newton, Tommy Ladnier and Sidney Bechet.
He appeared at the 1948 Nice Jazz Festival, following which he made his home in France and organized many bands that included French musicians like Claude Luter and visiting Americans, such as Buck Clayton, Peanuts Holland, Jimmy Archey, Kansas Fields and Lionel Hampton.
In 1940 he was arrested in possession of sixty joints while trying to enter a jazz club at the 1939 New York World's Fair, with intent to distribute.
When he was sent to jail, he insisted to the guards that he was black and was transferred to the segregated prison's black section.
Mezzrow was lifelong friends with the French jazz critic Hugues Panassié and spent the last 20 years of his life in Paris.
The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
The Maratha Empire at that time consisted of a confederacy of five major chiefs: the Peshwa (Prime Minister) at the capital city of Poona, the Gaekwad chief of Baroda, the Scindia chief of Gwalior, the Holkar chief of Indore, and the Bhonsale chief of Nagpur.
Lord Mornington, the Governor-General of British India had repeatedly offered a subsidiary treaty to the Peshwa and Scindia, but Nana Fadnavis refused strongly.
In October 1802, the combined armies of Peshwa Baji Rao II and Scindia were defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar, ruler of Indore, at the Battle of Poona.
Baji Rao fled to British protection, and in December the same year concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to treaty with no other power.
This act on the part of the Peshwa, their nominal overlord, horrified and disgusted the Maratha chieftains; in particular, the Scindia rulers of Gwalior and the Bhonsale rulers of Nagpur and Berar contested the agreement.
The British strategy included Wellesley securing the Deccan Plateau, Lake taking Doab and then Delhi, Powell entering Bundelkhand, Murray taking Badoch, and Harcourt neutralizing Bihar.
In November, Lake defeated another Scindia force at Laswari, followed by Wellesley's victory over Bhonsale forces at Argaon (now Adgaon) on 29 November 1803.
in Odisha with the British after the Battle of Argaon and gave up the province of Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal).
On 30 December 1803, the Daulat Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Laswari and ceded to the British Rohtak, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar.
Mark Leslie Norton (February 7, 1956 – April 5, 2007), better known as Mark St. John, was an American guitarist best known for his brief stint with the rock band Kiss from April to November 1984.
St. John died suddenly under murky circumstances in early April 2007, several months after being badly beaten during a brief stay in an Orange County jail.
Before joining Kiss, St. John was a well-known and respected teacher and guitarist for the Southern California cover band Front Page.
After leaving Kiss, he formed a band called White Tiger, featuring David Donato (lead vocals), his brother Michael Norton (bass/backing vocals), and Brian James Fox (drums).
Demos that the band had recorded with producer Andy Johns and guitarist Neil Citron, prior to St. John joining, apparently led to Donato's equally short tenure with another legendary band, Black Sabbath.
During the sessions for the album, which was recorded in mid-1984, St. John clashed with the other members of the band; according to Paul Stanley, they had difficulty putting together solos, with Stanley saying that St. John had trouble playing the same thing twice.
Stanley also said that he himself had to dub in certain parts during St. John's solos to make them work better with the song.
In January 1985 St. John teamed up with vocalist David Donato and drummer Barry Brandt of Angel to work on developing some demo ideas.
Some of the legendary jazz musicians playing alongside St. John included the Steve Hooks Band, Stu Nevitt (Shadowfax), Slyde Hyde (Tom Scott/Supertramp), Al Aarons (Count Basie), plus other special all-star guests.
They had written most of the material for the album by mid-1985 and set out to complete a lineup with which to record.
The band also included St. John's younger brother, Michael, on bass, but was completed with the addition of Brian James Fox on drums.
While the independent release did well on that level selling some 50,000 copies, and the band gigged around California, St. John and his band White Tiger joined up with Garry Lane owner of Logic Productions who promoted many top bands in LA.
That is where St. John and Lane came up with the idea to play the legendary club known as THE HOT SPOT located in Huntington Beach, California owned by Gennie Gromet who was the ex-wife of Dick Dale from the band Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.
This band, known as the Keep, became what was essentially White Tiger, with Peter Criss replacing Brian Fox on drums, and David Donato replacing original vocalist David MacDonald.
This lineup performed live just once, on May 2, 1990 at a drum clinic at the Guitar Center music store in Lawndale, California.
By early 1991, the difficulty shopping the demo, and St. John's need to get on with making a living, led to friction between Criss and him, and he left the band (which eventually became Criss).
He was in a short-lived band with Phil Naro called the Mark St. John Project that released a limited edition EP in 1999, and he also made an appearance on a KISS expo in New Jersey.
Beginning on September 14, 2006, St. John was incarcerated for several days at Theo Lacy Jail in Orange County, California, after being charged with possession of unspecified drug paraphernalia, attempted destruction of evidence and resisting arrest.
He was later moved to F-West Barracks after telling guards he had stolen crackers from another inmate's property box and was in fear for his safety.
A guard named Kevin Taylor allegedly conspired with a group of inmates to have St. John assaulted for the transgression, and subsequently St. John was brutally beaten and stabbed with pencils by a group of up to 20 inmates.
His girlfriend, who said he was unrecognizable after the vicious beating, believed the incident was directly responsible for his untimely death several months later.
For the next several months after leaving Theo Lacy Jail, St. John suffered severe headaches and body aches and many times told his girlfriend that the chronic ailments were absolutely the result of the beating at Theo Lacy.
While it's not known what medical attention he received inside the jail, after his release he refused to see a doctor due to having no medical insurance, and thus his health deteriorated.
St. John died on April 5, 2007, due to what the coroner described as a brain hemorrhage brought on by an accidental overdose of methamphetamines.
His girlfriend was with him the night before he died and she has been adamant that he wasn't taking drugs, refuting the coroner's official ruling.
Friends claimed that St. John was never the same after the beating and would not discuss his brief time at Theo Lacy Jail.
Another friend stated that St. John fell deep into depression and drug addiction after being released, selling all his outfits, and mowing lawns and doing roofing to afford a drug habit that spiraled out of control.
Sir Henry Arthur Blake (; 8January 184023February 1918) was a British colonial administrator and Governor of Hong Kong from 1898 to 1903.
Blake started out as a clerk in the Bank of Ireland but lasted only 18 months before resigning and commencing a cadetship in the Irish Constabulary in 1857.
In 1876, he was appointed Resident Magistrate to Tuam, an especially disturbed district in the west of Ireland, where he was noted as judicious and active.
He was appointed to Queensland in 1886 but resigned without entering the administration, following an imbroglio between Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Knutsford, and the premier of Queensland, Sir Thomas M'Ilwraith, on the appointment.
In 1887, he moved to Newfoundland, where he was governor until the end of 1888, being knighted on 7 November that year.
His term was extended in 1894 and 1896, at the request of Legislature and public bodies of the island, until 1897.
Five months before he arrived in Hong Kong, the British Government negotiated an agreement with the Imperial Chinese Government allowing the Hong Kong Government to lease the New Territories for 99 years.
The residents of the area organised a tough resistance movement, which was subdued with the use of British troops under Commander Gascoigne, killing about 500 Hong Kong-Tai Po villagers.
Blake left Hong Kong immediately after he attended the laying of the foundation stone of the Supreme Court building (Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 2011) on 12 November 1903.
Blake was appointed Governor of Ceylon at the end of his tenure in Hong Kong in 1903, and he served in that capacity until 1907.
A freshly retired Blake impressed George Morrison with his bitterness at not landing a Privy Council sinecure in gratitude for his 41 years' public service.
Blake married twice: Jeannie Irwin in 1862 (she died in 1866), and Edith Bernal Osborne in Ireland, on 7 February 1874 (she was the daughter of MP Ralph Bernal Osborne).
Blake Garden, Blake Pier (卜公碼頭) and Blake Block (now within the People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Headquarters) are named after him.
The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) was the final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company (EIC) and the Maratha Empire in India.
It began with an invasion of the Maratha territory by British East India Company troops, the largest such British-controlled force massed in India.
The troops were led by the Governor General Hastings (no relation to Warren Hastings, the first governor-general of Bengal) supported by a force under General Thomas Hislop.
Peshwa Baji Rao II's forces, supported by those of Mudhoji II Bhonsle of Nagpur and Malharrao Holkar III of Indore, rose against the East India Company.
Pressure and diplomacy convinced the fourth major Maratha leader, Daulatrao Shinde of Gwalior, to remain neutral even though he lost control of Rajasthan.
The northern portion of Bhonsle's dominions in and around Nagpur, together with the Peshwa's territories in Bundelkhand, were annexed by British India as the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories.
The defeat of the Bhonsle and Holkar also resulted in the acquisition of the Maratha kingdoms of Nagpur and Indore by the British.
Common elements among the citizens of Chatrapati Shivaji's Maratha Empire were the Marathi language, the Hindu religion, a strong sense of belonging, and a national feeling.
Shivaji led resistance efforts to free the Hindus from the Mughals and Muslim Sultanate of Bijapur and established rule of the Hindus.
Chatrapati Shivaji successfully defended his empire from attacks by the Mughal Empire and his Maratha Empire went on to defeat and overtake it as the premier power in India within few decades.
While the Marathas were fighting the Mughals in the early 18th century, the British held small trading posts in Mumbai, Madras and Calcutta.
The British fortified the naval post of Mumbai after they saw the Marathas defeat the Portuguese at neighbouring Vasai in May 1739.
The envoys were successful, and a treaty was signed on 12 July 1739 that gave the British East India Company rights to free trade in Maratha territory.
Unable to see the rising power of the British, the Peshwa set a precedent by seeking their help to solve internal Maratha conflicts.
During the period 1750–1761, British defeated the French East India Company in India, and by 1793 they were firmly established in Bengal in the east and Madras in the south.
They were unable to expand to the west as the Marathas were dominant there, but they entered Surat on the west coast via the sea.
The responsibility for managing the sprawling Maratha empire in the north was entrusted to two Maratha leaders, Shinde and Holkar, as the Peshwa was busy in the south.
They alienated other Hindu rulers such as the Rajputs, the Jats, and the Rohillas, and they failed to diplomatically win over other Muslim leaders.
A large blow to the Marathas came in their defeat on 14 January 1761 at Panipat against a combined Muslim force that gathered for Jihad (holy battle) led by the Afghan Ahmad Shah Abdali.
The Maratha gains in the north were undone because of the contradictory policies of Holkar and Shinde and the internal disputes in the family of the Peshwa, which culminated in the murder of Narayanrao Peshwa in 1773.
The treaty set off discussions amongst the British in India as well as in Europe because of the serious implications of a confrontation with the powerful Marathas.
The Marathas were still in a very strong position when the new Governor General of British controlled territories Cornwallis arrived in India in 1786.
The British and the Marathas enjoyed more than two decades of peace, thanks to the diplomacy of Nana Phadnavis, a minister in the court of the 11-year-old Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao.
The power struggle between Holkar and Shinde caused Holkar to attack the Peshwa in Pune in 1801, since the Peshwa sided with Shinde.
In response to the treaty, the Bhonsle and Shinde attacked the British, refusing to accept the betrayal of their sovereignty to the British by the Peshwa.
Chhabra hypothesizes that even if the British technical superiority were discounted, they would have won the war because of the discipline and organization in their ranks.
After the First Anglo-Maratha war, Warren Hastings declared in 1783 that the peace established with the Marathas was on such a firm ground that it was not going to be shaken for years to come.
The British believed that a new permanent approach was needed to establish and maintain continuous contact with the Peshwa's court in Pune.
The British appointed Charles Malet, a senior merchant from Bombay, to be a permanent Resident at Pune because of his knowledge of the languages and customs of the region.
Efforts to modernize the armies were half-hearted and undisciplined: newer techniques were not absorbed by the soldiers, while the older methods and experience were outdated and obsolete.
Foreign officers were responsible for the handling of the imported guns; the Marathas never used their own men in considerable numbers for the purpose.
Although Maratha infantry was praised by the likes of Wellington, they were poorly led by their generals and heavily relied on mercenaries (known as Pindaris).
At the time of the war, the power of the British East India Company was on the rise, whereas the Maratha Empire was on the decline.
The British had an arrangement with the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha province of Baroda to prevent the Peshwa from collecting revenue in that province.
Key terms imposed on the Peshwa included the admission of Dengle's guilt, renouncing claims on Gaekwad, and surrender of significant swaths of territory to the British.
These included his most important strongholds in the Deccan, the seaboard of Konkan, and all places north of the Narmada and south of the Tungabhadra rivers.
During the celebrations, a large flank of the Maratha cavalry pretended they were charging towards the British sepoys but wheeled off at the last minute.
This display was intended as a slight towards Elphinstone and as a scare tactic to prompt the defection and recruitment of British sepoys to the Peshwa's side.
The Afghan leader Amir Khan was located in Tonk in Rajputana and his strength was 12,000 cavalry, 10,000 infantry and 200 guns.
Shinde's territory around Gwalior and Bundelkhand was a region of rolling hills and fertile valleys that slopes down toward the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north.
The Pindari territory was the valleys and forests of the Chambal, the north western region of the modern state of Madhya Pradesh.
The Pindaris also operated from Malwa, a plateau region in the north west of the state of Madhya Pradesh, north of the Vindhya Range.
The war was mostly a mopping-up operation intended to complete the expansion of the earlier Anglo-Maratha war, which was stopped due to economic concerns of the British.
Seeing that the British were in conflict with the Pindaris, the Peshwa's forces attacked the British at 16:00 on 5 November 1817 with the Maratha left attacking the British right.
The Maratha forces comprised 20,000 cavalry, 8,000 infantry, and 20 guns whereas the British had 2,000 cavalry, 1,000 infantry, and eight guns.
The British had also asked General Smith to come to Khadki for the battle but they did not anticipate he would arrive in time.
The Peshwa watched the battle from the Parvati Hill whereas the British East India Company troops were based on the Khadki hill.
The left flank of the Maratha army, commanded by Moropant Dixit and Raste, was stationed on the flat ground on which the University of Pune stands today.
British troop movements began on 1 November 1817 when Colonel Burr moved his forces towards what is now Bund Garden via the Holkar Bridge.
These successes were nullified by the Maratha horses being thrown into disarray by a hidden canal and the temporary loss of command by Gokhale, whose horse was shot.
The British infantry advanced steadily, firing volley after volley, causing the Maratha cavalry to retreat in a matter of four hours.
The result of the Pindari raids was that Central India was being rapidly reduced to the condition of a desert because the peasants were unable to support themselves on the land.
Francis Rawdon-Hastings obtained authority from the British government to take action against the Pindaris while performing diplomacy with the principal Maratha leaders to act in concert with him.
The army was assembled from two smaller armies, the Grand Army or Bengal army in the north under his personal command, and the Army of the Deccan under General Hislop in the south.
He was forced to enter into a treaty by which he pledged to assist the British against the Pindaris and to prevent any new gangs being formed in his territory.
The army for the war was composed of two armies, the Grand Army or the Bengal Army with a strength of 40,000 troops and the Army of the Deccan with a strength of 70,400.
The Army of Deccan comprised 70,400 troops, bringing the total strength of the entire composite British East India Company army to 110,400.
In October and early November, the first division of the Grand Army was sent to Sind, the second to Chambal, the third to Eastern Narmada.
The first and third division of the army of the Deccan were concentrated at Harda to hold the fords of the Narmada.
The fourth division marched to Khandesh occupying the region between Pune and Amravati (Berar) administrative divisions whereas the fifth division was placed at Hoshangabad and the reserve division was placed between the Bhima and Krishna rivers.
General Hislop from the Madras Residency attacked the Pindaris from the south and drove them beyond the Narmada river, where governor general Francis Rawdon-Hastings was waiting with his army.
They made no stand against the regular troops, and even in small bands they were unable to escape the ring of forces drawn around them.
The desperate Pindaris expected the Marathas to help them, but none dared to give them even a place of shelter for their families.
Karim and Setu had still 23,000 men between them but such a force was no match for the armies that surrounded them.
Others sought refuge in the villages, but were killed without mercy by the villagers who had not forgotten the sufferings they had been inflicted upon by the Pindaris.
Since by this time the Maratha powers had been reduced significantly, the pursuit of Setu and the other leaders was resumed with vigor.
All the leaders had surrendered before the end of February and the Pindari system and power was brought to a close.
On the orders of Elphinstone, General Smith arrived in Yerwada near Pune on 13 November at the site of the present Deccan College.
While the Maratha generals such as Purandare, Raste, and Bapu Gokhale were ready to advance on to the British forces, they were demoralized after learning that the Peshwa and his brother had fled to Purandar.
A force of 5,000 additional Marathas was located at the confluence of two rivers—the Mula and the Mutha—under the leadership of Vinchurkar, but they remained idle.
The next morning, General Smith advanced towards the city of Pune and found that the Peshwa had fled towards the city of Satara.
During the day Pune surrendered, and great care was taken by General Smith for the protection of the peaceful part of the community.
However the saffron flags of the Peshwa were not removed from Kotwali Chavdi until the defeat of Baji Rao at Ashti; it might seem that the British still believed that the war was not raised by Baji Rao but he was forced to do so under pressure from Bapu Gokhle, Trimabkji Dengle and Moreshwar Dikshit.
The Battle of Koregaon (also known as the battle of Koregaon Bhima) took place on 1 January 1818 on the banks of the river Bhima, north west of Pune.
The village of Koregaon was on the north bank of the river, which was shallow and narrow at this time of year.
This move on the part of the Marathas may seem justifiable because they were employing the tactics of Ganimi Kawa rather than Rangdi Maslat.
The British lost 175 men and about a third of the irregular horse, with more than half of the European officers wounded.
When the British found the village evacuated in the morning, Staunton took his battered troops and pretended to march on to Pune, but actually went to Shirur.
The first authentic information about the Koregaon battle shows that it was a narrow escape rather than a heroic victory for the British.
After the battle the British forces under general Pritzler pursued the Peshwa, who fled southwards towards Karnataka with the Raja of Satara.
Whenever Baji Rao was pressed by the British, Gokhale and his light troops hovered around the Peshwa and fired long shots.
To gain the support of the population, the British declared that they would not interfere with the tenets of any religion.
They announced that all Watans, Inams, pensions, and annual allowances would be continued provided that the recipients withdrew from the service of Baji Rao.
The Maratha king, first imprisoned by Tarabai in the 1750s had lost power much earlier but was reinstated by Madhav rao Peshwa in 1763 after Tarabai's death.
The Chhatrapati declared in favour of the British and this ended the Peshwa's legal position as head of the Maratha confederacy, this was done by a jahirnama which stated Peshwas were no longer the head of the Maratha confederacy.
However Baji Rao II challenged the jahirnama of removing him from his position as Peshwa by issuing another jahirnama removing Mountstuart Elphinstone as British Resident to his state.
While the downfall and banishment of the Peshwa was mourned all over the Maratha Empire as a national defeat, the Peshwa seemed unaffected.
Madhoji Bhonsle, also known as Appa Saheb, consolidated his power in Nagpur after the murder of his cousin, the imbecile ruler Parsoji Bhonsle.
Jenkins asked Appa Saheb to disband his growing concentration of troops and come to the residency, which he also refused to do.
As it was now clear that a battle was in the offing, Jenkins asked for reinforcements from nearby British East India Company troops.
The Marathas, fighting with the Arabs, made good initial gains by charging up the hill and forcing the British to retreat to the south.
British commanders began arriving with reinforcements: Lieutenant Colonel Rahan on 29 November, Major Pittman on 5 December, and Colonel Doveton on 12 December.
Raja Mansingh of Jodhpur stood surety for him and he remained in Jodhpur, where he died on 15 July 1849 at 44 years of age.
Holkar was offered terms similar to those offered to Shinde; the only difference was that Holkar accepted and respected the independence of Amir Khan.
When Tantia Jog, an official of the Holkar, urged acceptance of the offer he was suspected of being in collusion with the British.
In reality he made the suggestion because he was aware of the power of the British as he had seen their armies in action when he had commanded a battalion in the past.
The British East India Company's losses were 800 killed or wounded but Holkar's loss was much larger with about 3,000 killed or wounded.
These losses meant Holkar was deprived of any means of rising in arms against the British, and this broke the power of the Holkar dynasty.
Although the power of the Holkar family was broken, the remaining troops remained hostile and a division was retained to disperse them.
The ministers made overtures of peace, and on 6 January 1818 the Treaty of Mandeswar was signed; Holkar accepted the British terms in totality.
Shinde and the Afghan Amir Khan were subdued by the use of diplomacy and pressure, which resulted in the Treaty of Gwailor on 5 November 1817.
The Peshwa surrendered on 3 June 1818 and was sent off to Bithur near Kanpur under the terms of the treaty signed on 3 June 1818.
Of the Pindari leaders, Karim Khan surrendered to Malcolm in February 1818; Wasim Mohammad surrendered to Shinde and eventually poisoned himself; and Setu was killed by a tiger.
The war left the British, under the auspices of the British East India Company, in control of virtually all of present-day India south of the Sutlej River.
The British acquired large chunks of territory from the Maratha Empire and in effect put an end to their most dynamic opposition.
The terms of surrender Malcolm offered to the Peshwa were controversial amongst the British for being too liberal: The Peshwa was offered a luxurious life near Kanpur and given a pension of about 80,000 pounds.
A comparison was drawn with Napoleon, who was confined to a small rock in the south Atlantic and given a small sum for his maintenance.
Trimbakji Dengale was captured after the war and was sent to the fortress of Chunarin Bengal where he spent the rest of his life.
The Peshwa's territories were absorbed into the Bombay Presidency and the territory seized from the Pindaris became the Central Provinces of British India.
Thus Francis Rawdon-Hastings redrew the map of India to a state which remained more or less unaltered until the time of Lord Dalhousie.
The British brought an obscure descendant of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, to be the ceremonial head of the Maratha Confederacy to replace the seat of the Peshwa.
The Peshwa adopted a son, Nana Sahib, who went on to be one of the leaders of the Rebellion of 1857.
After 1818, Montstuart Elphinstone reorganized the administrative divisions for revenue collection, thus reducing the importance of the Patil, the Deshmukh, and the Deshpande.
The new government felt a need to communicate with the local Marathi-speaking population; Elphinstone pursued a policy of planned standardization of the Marathi language in the Bombay Presidency starting after 1820.
On May 27, 2008, Commissioner Steve Ryan stepped down as the commissioner of the MISL, and then on June 2, 2008, the Management Committee of the MISL announced they had ceased operations effective May 31, 2008 to reform the league.
All of the MISL's teams from its last season joined either the National Indoor Soccer League, Professional Arena Soccer League, or the Xtreme Soccer League.
It pitted Eastern teams against Western teams and USA All-Stars against World All-Stars as well as the MISL All-Stars against a Mexican team.
In the first round, the sixth place team played the third place team while the fourth and fifth place teams also played either other.
The survivors of the first round played the top two seeds in the semifinals with the first place team playing the lowest surviving seed from the first round and the second place team playing the highest surviving seed.
In February 2007, the league and Versus announced a partnership to deliver a nationally televised game of the week starting in March 2007.
For the 2006–2007 season, Versus broadcast two regular season games, a MISL Championship Series Semifinal game on April 14, and the MISL Championship Series Final.
Before the 2006–2007 season, national television coverage was limited to the MISL Championships in 2005 and 2006, which were shown on ESPN2.
Originally, the MISL had a multiple point scoring system where goals were worth 1, 2, or 3 points depending upon the distance that they were scored or game situation.
After the 2003 Championship, the league began using a traditional one-point-per-goal rule because of a controversial goal scored during the deciding game.
But even before that he and his teammates won the Yugoslav title in the under-21 category, the biggest success Rad ever had.
In the first three years Mirković was with Partizan, he established himself as a player, became a first-choice player in the national team and won three titles (the double in 1993–94 followed by the league title in 1994–95.
He wore the number 2 shirt and became a favourite of the Partizan fans because of his fighting spirit especially in derby matches against Red Star Belgrade.
He was also a favourite because, in those difficult times (war and sanctions), he upheld his obligations towards Partizan and stayed for all three years stipulated in his contract.
He played 82 matches for Partizan (26 in the 1993–94 season, 29 in the 1994–95 season and 27 in the 1995–96 season), scoring one goal.
He played a role of midfielder/defender and his performance was so good that the then Juventus coach Marcello Lippi invited him to sign for Juventus.
He was very popular among the Atalanta fans who were instrumental in convincing the club not to sell him to Fiorentina when that option seemed inevitable.
When Carlo Ancelotti took over in the spring of 1999, Mirković was no longer a first-choice Juve player, playing mostly Italian Cup matches.
Then in January 2004, following a 6-month break from football, Mirković became a Partizan player once again, signing a contract for two and a half years.
Mirković was a first choice player for the national team of FR Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro where he usually played in the right-back position and wore the number 2 shirt.
He was a participant in the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France but missed Euro 2000 because of a three-match ban following an incident in the last qualifying match, played against Croatia in Zagreb, where he grabbed Robert Jarni by the testicles and therefore was sent off.
On 24 April 2007, Football Association of Serbia (FSS) appointed Mirković as sporting director of the national team, responsible for the A-squad and the under-21 squad.
However, he quit by early December 2007, citing poor professional cooperation with the FSS leadership headed at the time by Zvezdan Terzić.
He was vice-president for about a year when he resigned after Partizan's early exit in the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds.
Mirković began his managerial career as assistant coach of Sinđelić Belgrade in 2015 eventually being promoted to head coach in July 2015.
In February 2016, he became the assistant coach of the Montenegrin national team where he worked directly with his former coach Ljubiša Tumbaković.
Dismissing completely 17th to 19th century ideas of a Canaanite, Assyrian, Indian or Macedonian origin, Historian Alexander K. Nefiodkin challenges Xenophon's attribution of scythed chariots to the first Persian king Cyrus, pointing to their notable absence in the invasion of Greece (480−479 BC) by one of his successors, Xerxes I.
Instead, he argues that the Persians introduced scythed chariots sometime later during the Greco-Persian Wars, between 467 BC and 458 BC, as a response to their experience fighting against Greek heavy infantry.
The scythed chariot was pulled by a team of four horses and manned by a crew of up to three men, one driver and two warriors.
Theoretically the scythed chariot would plow through infantry lines, cutting combatants in half or at least opening gaps in the line which could be exploited.
The scythed chariot avoided this inherent problem for cavalry, by the scythe cutting into the formation, even when the horses avoided the men.
A disciplined army could diverge as the chariot approached, and then re-form quickly behind it, allowing the chariot to pass without causing many casualties.
They were strictly an offensive weapon and were best suited against infantry in open flat country where the charioteers had room to maneuver.
At a time when cavalry were without stirrups, and probably had neither spurs nor an effective saddle, though they certainly had saddle blankets, scythed chariots added weight to a cavalry attack on infantry.
There was one occasion when Pharnabazus, with 2 scythed chariots and about 400 cavalry, came on them when they were scattered all over the plain.
When the Greeks saw him bearing down on them, they ran to join up with each other, about 700 altogether; but Pharnabazus did not waste time.
The chariots dashing into the Greek ranks, broke up their close formation, and the cavalry soon cut down about a hundred men.
The only other recorded example of their successful use seems to be when units of Mithradates VI of Pontus defeated a Bithynian force on the River Amnias in 89 BC.
They make war not only on horseback but also from 2 horse chariots and cars armed in the Gallic fashion – they call them covinni – on which they use axles equipped with scythes.
There is the deep suspicion that it reflects Claudian propaganda to add glory to the Roman invasion of Britain by making the Britons more sophisticated than they were.
However, a scythed chariot appears in The Cattle-Raid of Cooley (Táin Bó Cúailnge), the central epic of the Ulster cycle of Early Irish literature.
Killing Mr. Griffin is a 1978 suspense novel by Lois Duncan about a group of teenage students at a New Mexico high school who plan to kidnap their strict English teacher, Mr. Griffin.
Duncan developed the story from the character of Mark, who is involved in the kidnapping plan and is based on the first boyfriend of Duncan's oldest daughter.
The book won several awards and honors, including the 1982 Massachusetts Children's Book Award and the 1982–1983 Alabama Camellia Children's Choice Book Award.
The film starred Jay Thomas, Amy Jo Johnson, Mario Lopez and Scott Bairstow, and was first released on DVD and VHS on March 7, 2000.
Brian Griffin is a strict high school English teacher at Del Norte High School in Albuquerque, New Mexico, who never accepts late homework and is demanding of his students.
When Mark Kinney, one of the students in his class, plagiarizes a paper, Mr. Griffin makes him beg to be allowed back into the class.
Mark suggests kidnapping Mr. Griffin, and convinces David, Jeff, and Betsy to join in on the plan as a way of scaring him and getting revenge because they feel he has treated them poorly.
The group decides to use Susan, who is least willing to participate in the plot, to distract Mr. Griffin by requesting a conference with him after school.
Since Susan is one of his better-performing students with a serious approach to her studies, Mr. Griffin willingly does so, allowing her to walk him to his car afterwards.
Jeff, David, and Mark forcefully place a bag over Mr. Griffin's head and tie him up, replacing the bag with a blindfold as they take him to a remote spot in the mountains.
Susan was supposed to ride with Betsy but does not want any further part in the scheme, and Betsy leaves without her.
He instructs Susan, who was the last one known to the police to see Mr. Griffin, to tell them Mr. Griffin kept looking at his watch during the conference and left with a pretty woman.
Betsy and David also drive Mr. Griffin's car to the airport, but the officer who gave Betsy a ticket sees her there.
Worried that the officer might later identify the car as Mr. Griffin's, Jeff and Betsy move the car into Jeff's garage so he can repaint it before they hide it elsewhere.
Mark's ex-girlfriend, Lana Turnboldt, has a picnic with her fiancé at the secluded place in the mountains, where they discover Mr. Griffin's medicine bottle.
Irma Ruggles, David's paternal grandmother who lives with him, discovers the ring and refuses to give it back to him, believing the ring to be that of David's father who had left him.
David tells Susan he took the ring and his grandmother found it, but they are unsuccessful at retrieving it from her, so Susan tells Mark about the situation because she feels he would know what to do.
Susan makes the connection, knowing that Mark has a brown sweater he wears all the time, and that Mark would stop at nothing to get what he needed – in this case, the ring.
Before she can inform the police, Mark, Jeff, and Betsy tie Susan up, and Jeff and Betsy leave to hide Mr. Griffin's car.
Mark sets her curtains on fire, but Susan is saved by Kathy Griffin, Mr. Griffin's wife, who came over to her house with a detective for an interview.
Several days later, Susan's mother tells her that all of those involved will face varying criminal charges, with her lawyer attempting to get Susan off with no charges in exchange for testimony.
Mark will face three trials, one each for the deaths of Mr. Griffin and David's grandmother, and one for the attempted murder of Susan.
Mrs. Griffin leaves Susan a note that her husband had written before his death, praising Susan for her work and recognizing her potential.
She began to wonder what might happen if a charismatic teenage psychopath was placed in a high school setting and the young people he would attract as followers.
An audiobook was released by Listening Library in 1986, and another, read by Ed Sala, was released by Recorded Books in 1998.
It was nominated for the 1981 California Young Reader Medal in the Young Adult category and in 1982 it won the Massachusetts Children's Book Award.
The film starred Scott Bairstow as Mark Kinney, Amy Jo Johnson as Susan McConnell, Mario Lopez as David Ruggles, and Jay Thomas as Mr. Griffin, and was directed by Jack Bender.
He was the ninth chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley from 2004-13, and the fourteenth president of the University of Toronto from 2000-04.
He received a B.Sc in mathematics in 1963 from St. Michael's College in the University of Toronto, where he also met his wife Mary Catherine; they have four children.
He was then appointed to serve as the President of the University of Toronto, a role he held from 2000 to 2004.
Birgeneau appointed Shirley Neuman as Vice President and Provost (chief academic officer) in July 2002, but she resigned on February 2, 2004, after just 19 months on the post.
It was reported that Neuman’s head-strong approach alienated her from colleagues and students, and there were also tensions between Birgeneau and herself.
He left the University of Toronto after only four years of his term (despite the fact that his five-year term had been extended to seven years on his own request), causing a flurry of controversy with his abrupt departure.
He was recommended to the UC Board of Regents by Robert Dynes, then President of the UC system and a former colleague of Birgeneau when both worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories.
On June 14, 2007, Birgeneau joined the President of Columbia University in condemning Britain's University and College Union for boycotting Israeli academics and academic institutions and insisting that any boycott include their universities.
Also during the 2011-2012 academic year, Birgeneau unveiled Berkeley MCAP, the Middle Class Access Plan, a new financial aid model that caps the total annual cost of an eligible students' education - from tuition and fees to expenses including room, board and books - at 15 percent of the family's total income.
Families with incomes from $80,000 to $140,000 and assets typical of that range are eligible for the program, which will provide grants beginning with the fall 2012 semester.
While the UC-wide Blue and Gold program aids lower-income families, this is the first program of its kind in the system to benefit the middle class.
He was a prominent businessman in his hometown of Aberdeen, Scotland managing the family wine business as well as having a hand in trading and whaling.
He was a reformer, challenging the long-standing oligarchy led by James and Gavin Hadden, and was instrumental in establishing an elected trust to manage the new Aberdeen Harbour.
In 1832 he became Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen in the British House of Commons, sitting as a Radical, and remained an MP until his retirement in 1847.
Together with his wife, Margaret Gordon the granddaughter of former Governor Walter Patterson, Bannerman returned to the colony of her birth, when he took up the appointment in 1851 as governor of Prince Edward Island.
Bannerman instituted responsible government on the island but was removed in 1854 due to political unrest in which he favoured the Reformers.
Subsequently, he was governor of the Bahamas until 1857, when he returned north to become governor of Newfoundland, the second governor since responsible government had been granted.
Bannerman accused Kent's government, as did Bishop Mullock, of using relief aid as patronage and also accused Kent of being unreasonable in negotiations with France over the French Shore.
In 1861, after Kent had accused Bannerman of conspiring with the courts and opposition Conservative Party of Newfoundland against a proposal to reduce the salaries of judges, Bannerman dismissed the Kent government and appointed the leader of the opposition, Hugh Hoyles as the new Premier.
Kent's Liberal Party of Newfoundland defeated the Conservative government in a Motion of No Confidence resulting in an election campaign that was fought along sectarian lines with Catholics largely voting Liberal and Protestants largely voting Conservative.
Extensive rioting led to disputed results, with the Conservatives having a majority of only two until in a peaceful by-election Harbour Grace returned two Conservatives.
Bannerman' initial action in dismissing Kent had been rash and the Colonial Office told him so, but Hoyles, the new Premier, moved towards non-sectarian government, both bishops called for order, and the politics of class replaced the politics of religion.
Bannerman resigned as governor in 1864 and returned to England where he caught a cold and, in his enfeebled state, fell down a flight of stairs causing his death on 30 December in Mayfair, London aged 76.
Lady Bannerman was born in Charlottetown on Prince Edward Island, a granddaughter of Walter Patterson who had been the Island's first governor.
West Brit, an abbreviation of West Briton, is a derogatory term for an Irish person who is perceived as being anglophilic in matters of culture or politics.
During his 2011 presidential campaign, Sinn Féin candidate Martin McGuinness criticised what he called West Brit elements of the media, whom he said were out to undermine his attempt to win the election.
Having and exercising their new legal rights under the Act, Castle Catholics were then rather illogically being pilloried by other Catholics for exercising them to the full.
The term is sometimes contrasted with Little Irelander, a derogatory term for an Irish person who is seen as excessively nationalistic, Anglophobic and xenophobic, sometimes also practising a strongly conservative form of Roman Catholicism.
A North Briton is a term used for a person from North Britain, the northern parts of the island of Great Britain.
It is most commonly associated with Scotland and the Scottish people, either by self-identification as a Scottish Unionist, or bestowed upon them as an indicator they are from the north of Great Britain and the United Kingdom.
Texas Air was an airline holding company incorporated in 1980 in the United States created to hold and invest in airlines, starting with Texas International Airlines as its core.
After passage of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, Texas International Airlines expanded significantly, reduced its costs by discontinuing unprofitable routes and replaced its outdated Convair turboprops with newer DC-9 aircraft.
Continental Airlines, in moribund financial condition, succeeded in negotiating concession packages with all of its unions except for the International Association of Machinists (IAM).
Because of the refusal of the IAM to renegotiate its contract, the company ultimately filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which allowed Frank Lorenzo (President and chief executive officer), to reject the collective bargaining agreements with its various unions.
Some believe that Lorenzo wanted the strike to justify the bankruptcy filing, so that he could get rid of the unions.
By 1987 Texas Air Corporation had control of 20 percent of the U.S. airline market, even though the holding company only had 20 official employees.
By the early 1990s the company had been split up, with parts sold to Scandinavian Airlines System, Ross Perot's EDS (Electronic Data Systems), and an Air Canada-led investment group.
Texas International Airlines Inc. was a United States airline, known from 1944 until 1947 as Aviation Enterprises, until 1969 as Trans-Texas Airways (TTa), and as Texas International Airlines until 1982 when it merged with Continental Airlines.
In August 1953 it scheduled flights to 36 airports from El Paso to Memphis; in May 1968 TTa flew to 48 U.S. airports plus Monterrey, Tampico and Veracruz in Mexico.
When Texas International was merged into Continental Airlines in 1982 it had grown to reach Baltimore, Colorado Springs, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Hartford, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St.
In November 1949 it served Alpine, Beaumont/Port Arthur, Beeville, Brownsville, Brownwood, Carrizo Springs/Crystal City, Coleman, Dallas (Love Field), Del Rio, Eagle Pass, El Paso, Fort Stockton, Fort Worth, Galveston, Harlingen, Houston (Hobby Airport), Laredo, Lufkin, Marfa, McAllen, Palestine, San Angelo, San Antonio, Uvalde, Van Horn and Victoria.
The network expanded to Memphis in 1953, Lafayette in 1956, New Orleans and Jackson in 1959, Santa Fe and Albuquerque in 1963, into Mexico in 1967 and to Denver in 1969.
About April 1961 former-AA Convair 240s began carrying Trans-Texas passengers; the airline later converted them to Convair 600s, replacing the piston engines with Rolls-Royce Darts.
Beechcraft C99s were later added to serve the smaller cities of Longview, Lufkin, Galveston, Tyler and Victoria (the last DC-3 flight was 1968).
By 1968 TTa was flying DC-9s to Beaumont/Port Arthur, Texas; Harlingen, Texas; Hot Springs, Arkansas, Lake Charles, Louisiana; Roswell, New Mexico and Santa Fe, New Mexico.
When it changed its name to Texas International Airlines in April 1969, the company ran newspaper ads showing a Tinker Toy airplane flying along treetops.
In 1970 Texas International served the following cities in Texas: Abilene, Amarillo, Austin, Beaumont/Port Arthur, Big Spring, Brownwood, Bryan/College Station, Corpus Christi, Dallas/Ft.
Worth, El Paso, Galveston, Harlingen, Houston, Laredo, Longview, Lubbock, Lufkin, McAllen, Midland/Odessa, San Angelo, San Antonio, Temple, Tyler, Victoria, Waco and Wichita Falls.
Outside of Texas, in 1970 Texas International flew to Arkansas (El Dorado, Hot Springs, Jonesboro, Little Rock, Pine Bluff and Texarkana); California (Los Angeles); Colorado, (Denver); Louisiana (Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Fort Polk, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Monroe, New Orleans and Shreveport); Mississippi (Jackson); New Mexico (Albuquerque, Carlsbad, Clovis, Hobbs, Roswell and Santa Fe); Tennessee (Memphis); and Utah (Salt Lake City).
After suffering annual losses of up to $3 million, Texas International was acquired in 1972 by Jet Capital Corporation headed by 32-year-old Frank Lorenzo.
In the mid-1970s, in response to competition from Southwest Airlines, Texas International successfully petitioned the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) to allow discounted fares.
Texas Air then acquired Continental Airlines in 1982 and merged Continental and Texas International on October 31, 1982 with TI assuming the former's name.
Four Rooms is a 1995 American anthology comedy film co-written and co-directed by Allison Anders, Alexandre Rockwell, Robert Rodriguez, and Quentin Tarantino, loosely based on the adult short fiction writings of Roald Dahl.
Tim Roth plays Ted, the bellhop and main character in the frame story, whose first night on the job consists of four very different encounters with various hotel guests.
He learns they are a coven of witches, attempting to reverse a spell cast on their goddess, Diana (Amanda De Cadenet).
The ritual requires them each to place an ingredient into a large cauldron; however, one (Ione Skye) has still to retrieve her ingredient – semen – with one hour left.
After Ted's service in the honeymoon suite, a party guest from another room (Lawrence Bender) calls the front desk for some ice.
Ted escapes, just as another guest (Paul Skemp) arrives, looking for Room 404, and is greeted by Sigfried in the same manner.
A husband (Antonio Banderas) and wife (Tamlyn Tomita) leave for a New Year's Eve party, tipping Ted $500 to keep an eye on their children, Sarah and Juancho (Lana McKissack and Danny Verduzco).
Ted instructs the children to stay in their room; when he leaves, they vandalize the room, exploding a bottle of champagne.
He leaves but is summoned back to find the room in further chaos: a painting has been turned into a dartboard with lipstick and a syringe, Juancho has a cigarette, Sarah has a bottle of liquor, the television is set to an adult channel, and the children have found a dead prostitute (Patricia Vonne) in the box spring.
After a conversation with Margaret (Marisa Tomei), he gets Betty on the phone and tries to quit, but receives a call from the hotel penthouse.
Ted is invited to join their challenge: Chester's friend Norman (Paul Calderón) has bet he can light his Zippo cigarette lighter ten times in a row; if Norman succeeds, he will win Chester's car, but if he fails, his pinky will be cut off.
Norman's lighter fails on the first try, and Ted chops off his pinky, sweeps up the money, and leaves the penthouse with an energetic step.
The Gulf Coastal Plain of North America extends northwards from the Gulf of Mexico along the Lower Mississippi River to the Ohio River, which is a distance of about .
The Coastal Plains of India lie on either side of the Peninsula Plateau, along the western and eastern coasts of India.
It is an important building in the history of modern architecture, known for its simple form and its spectacular use of extravagant materials, such as marble, red onyx and travertine.
The same features of minimalism and spectacular can be applied to the prestigious furniture specifically designed for the building, including the iconic Barcelona chair.
Mies and Reich were offered the commission of this building in 1928 after his successful administration of the 1927 Werkbund exhibition in Stuttgart.
The German Republic entrusted Mies with the artistic management and erection of not only the Barcelona Pavilion, but for the buildings for all the German sections at the 1929 International Exhibition.
However, Mies had severe time constraints—he had to design the Barcelona Pavilion in less than a year—and was also dealing with uncertain economic conditions.
The pavilion for the International Exhibition was supposed to represent the new Weimar Germany: democratic, culturally progressive, prospering, and thoroughly pacifist; a self-portrait through architecture.
After rejecting the original site for aesthetic reasons, Mies agreed to a quiet site at the narrow side of a wide, diagonal axis, where the pavilion would still offer viewpoints and a route leading to one of the exhibition's main attractions, the Poble Espanyol.
The pavilion was to be bare, with no exhibits, leaving only the structure accompanying a single sculpture and specially-designed furniture (the Barcelona Chair).
Visitors would enter by going up a few stairs, and due to the slightly sloped site, would leave at ground level in the direction of the Poble Espanyol.
This was achieved by wall surfaces being displaced against each other, running past each other, and creating a space that became narrower or wider.
Plates of high-grade stone materials like veneers of Tinos verde antico marble and golden onyx as well as tinted glass of grey, green, white, as well as translucent glass, perform exclusively as spatial dividers.
However, thanks to black-and-white photos and original plans, a group of Catalan architects reconstructed the pavilion permanently between 1983 and 1986.
The Pavilion was not only a pioneer for construction forms with a fresh, disciplined understanding of space, but also for modelling new opportunities for an association of free art and architecture.
Since the Pavilion's reconstruction in the 1980s, the Mies van der Rohe Foundation has invited leading artists and architects to temporarily alter the Pavilion.
In computer science, an algorithm is called non-blocking if failure or suspension of any thread cannot cause failure or suspension of another thread; for some operations, these algorithms provide a useful alternative to traditional blocking implementations.
Synchronization primitives such as mutexes, semaphores, and critical sections are all mechanisms by which a programmer can ensure that certain sections of code do not execute concurrently, if doing so would corrupt shared memory structures.
If one thread attempts to acquire a lock that is already held by another thread, the thread will block until the lock is free.
An obvious reason is that while the thread is blocked, it cannot accomplish anything: if the blocked thread had been performing a high-priority or real-time task, it would be highly undesirable to halt its progress.
Using locks also involves a trade-off between coarse-grained locking, which can significantly reduce opportunities for parallelism, and fine-grained locking, which requires more careful design, increases locking overhead and is more prone to bugs.
Unlike blocking algorithms, non-blocking algorithms do not suffer from these downsides, and in addition are safe for use in interrupt handlers: even though the preempted thread cannot be resumed, progress is still possible without it.
In contrast, global data structures protected by mutual exclusion cannot safely be accessed in an interrupt handler, as the preempted thread may be the one holding the lock -- but this can be rectified easily by masking the interrupt request during the critical section.
A lock-free data structure increases the amount of time spent in parallel execution rather than serial execution, improving performance on a multi-core processor, because access to the shared data structure does not need to be serialized to stay coherent.
With few exceptions, non-blocking algorithms use atomic read-modify-write primitives that the hardware must provide, the most notable of which is compare and swap (CAS).
Critical sections are almost always implemented using standard interfaces over these primitives (in the general case, critical sections will be blocking, even when implemented with these primitives).
An algorithm is wait-free if every operation has a bound on the number of steps the algorithm will take before the operation completes.
This property is critical for real-time systems and is always nice to have as long as the performance cost is not too high.
A follow-up paper by Kogan and Petrank provided a method for making wait-free algorithms fast and used this method to make the wait-free queue practically as fast as its lock-free counterpart.
For instance, if N processors are trying to execute an operation, some of the N processes will succeed in finishing the operation in a finite number of steps and others might fail and retry on failure.
The difference between wait-free and lock-free is that wait-free operation by each process is guaranteed to succeed in a finite number of steps, regardless of the other processors.
In general, a lock-free algorithm can run in four phases: completing one's own operation, assisting an obstructing operation, aborting an obstructing operation, and waiting.
Completing one's own operation is complicated by the possibility of concurrent assistance and abortion, but is invariably the fastest path to completion.
This may be very simple (assist higher priority operations, abort lower priority ones), or may be more optimized to achieve better throughput, or lower the latency of prioritized operations.
Correct concurrent assistance is typically the most complex part of a lock-free algorithm, and often very costly to execute: not only does the assisting thread slow down, but thanks to the mechanics of shared memory, the thread being assisted will be slowed, too, if it is still running.
An algorithm is obstruction-free if at any point, a single thread executed in isolation (i.e., with all obstructing threads suspended) for a bounded number of steps will complete its operation.
Processes reading the data structure first read one consistency marker, then read the relevant data into an internal buffer, then read the other marker, and then compare the markers.
It contains a protected harbor that can accommodate aircraft carrier-size vessels, ship's intermediate maintenance activity (SIMA) and a military airfield (Admiral David L. McDonald Field) with one asphalt paved runway (5/23) measuring .
The station has a busy harbor capable of accommodating 34 ships and an runway capable of handling most aircraft in the Department of Defense inventory.
Naval Station Mayport is also home to the Navy's United States Fourth Fleet, reactivated in 2008 after being deactivated in 1950.
The base has historically served as the homeport to various conventionally powered aircraft carriers of the United States Atlantic Fleet, including (1960–1971), (1956–1977), (1977–1993), (1957–1994), and, most recently, (1995–2007).
However, both houses of Congress have passed legislation authorizing about US$75 million for dredging and upgrades at NAVSTA Mayport to accommodate a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier.
The action will help protect the fleet against a potential terror attack, accident or natural disaster, because all east coast aircraft carriers are currently based at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia, according to the report.
West coast aircraft carriers are split between Naval Air Station North Island in San Diego, California, Naval Base Kitsap and Naval Station Everett in Washington state and one carrier assigned to the Forward Deployed Naval Force (FDNF) homeported at Naval Base Yokosuka, Japan.
The decision was opposed by elected officials in Virginia, who would lose 3,500 sailors and their dependents, $425 million in revenue each year, and most importantly, 6,000 support jobs.
The 2011 budget commits $590 million during the fiscal years from 2011 to 2019, so a carrier may not move to Mayport until 2019.
The Virginia congressional delegation has fought the loss of even one of NAVSTA Norfolk's aircraft carriers boost to their economy by citing other areas such as shipbuilding to spend the Navy's tight budget.
A 2013 report from the Navy revealed that they are considering basing as many as 14 littoral combat ships at NS Mayport.
Currently , , and are assigned to the squadron, with upcoming ships , , and expected to be added as they come into service.
On July 31, 2015, the squadron was merged with Cruiser-Destroyer Readiness Support Detachment Mayport to form Naval Surface Squadron Fourteen (NAVSURFRON14).
Mayport was reactivated again in June, 1948 as a Naval Outlying Landing Field under the cognizance of the Commanding Officer, Naval Air Station Jacksonville.
As helicopter aviation evolved during the Cold War, Mayport became the East Coast home for the Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) MK III squadrons.
The first attempt in 1857 to land a cable from Ballycarbery Strand on the mainland just east of Valentia Island ended in disappointment.
After subsequent failures of cables landed at Knightstown in 1858 and Foilhommerum Bay in 1865, the vast endeavor finally resulted in commercially viable transatlantic telegraph communications from Foilhommerum Bay to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1866.
Transatlantic telegraph cables operated from Valentia Island for one hundred years, ending with Western Union International terminating its cable operations in 1966.
Because of the importance of accurate longitudes to safe navigation, the U.S. Coast Survey mounted a longitude expedition in 1866 to link longitudes in the United States accurately to the Royal Observatory in Greenwich.
After many rainy and cloudy days, the first transatlantic longitude signals were exchanged between Foilhommerum and Heart's Content on October 24, 1866.
Saturday, may 21st 1927, Charles A. Lindbergh, on his solo flight from New York to Paris make his first landfall in Europe over Dingle Bay and Valentia island.
In 1993 an undergraduate geology student discovered fossilised tetrapod trackways, footprints preserved in Devonian rocks, on the north coast of the island at Dohilla ().
About 385 million years ago, a primitive vertebrate passed near a river margin in the sub-equatorial river basin that is now southwestern Ireland and left prints in the damp sand.
The combined features and history of the island make it an attractive tourist destination, easily accessible from the popular Ring of Kerry route.
The monthly averages for Sunshine and Rainfall are based on 2010 statistics which are around average apart from July, which received only 40% of its normal sunshine hours and 219% of its normal rainfall.
Despite it being on the same latitude as St. Anthony in Newfoundland on the opposite side of the Atlantic Ocean, it enjoys much milder winters thanks to the moderating effect of prevailing west or south west winds, and the effects of the warming Gulf Stream current.
Valentia is a popular fishing location, and Valentia waters hold the Irish records for conger eel, red sea bream, Ray's bream and lesser spotted dogfish.
Thresher sharks are large lamniform sharks of the family Alopiidae found in all temperate and tropical oceans of the world; the family contains three extant species, all within the genus Alopias.
In addition, they are hunted for their meat, livers (for shark liver oil), skin (for leather), and fins for use in shark-fin soup.
The common name is derived from a distinctive, thresher-like tail or caudal fin which can be as long as the body of the shark itself.
The possible existence of a hitherto unrecognized fourth species was revealed during the course of a 1995 allozyme analysis by Blaise Eitner.
This species is apparently found in the eastern Pacific off Baja California, and has previously been misidentified as the bigeye thresher.
So far, it is only known from muscle samples from one specimen, and no aspect of its morphology has been documented.
However, the position of the undescribed fourth species was only based on a single synapomorphy (derived group-defining character) in one specimen, so some uncertainty in its placement remains.
Although occasionally sighted in shallow, inshore waters, thresher sharks are primarily pelagic; they prefer the open ocean, characteristically preferring water and less.. Common threshers tend to be more prevalent in coastal waters over continental shelves.
Common thresher sharks are found along the continental shelves of North America and Asia of the North Pacific, but are rare in the Central and Western Pacific.
A thresher shark was seen on the live video feed from one of the ROVs monitoring BP's Macondo oil well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico.
Lighting conditions and water clarity can affect how any one shark appears to an observer, but the color test is generally supported when other features are examined.
The thresher shark primarily feeds on pelagic schooling fish such as bluefish, juvenile tuna, and mackerel, which they are known to follow into shallow waters, squid and cuttlefish.
The elongated tail is used to swat smaller fish, stunning them before feeding.Sometimes the thresher shark will slice the fish in half before eating.
Thresher sharks are one of the few shark species known to jump fully out of the water,using their elongated tail to propel them out of the water.Making turns like dolphins; this behavior is called breaching.
Two species of the thresher have been identified as having a modified circulatory system that acts as a counter-current heat exchanger, which allows them to retain metabolic heat.
This structure is a strip of red muscle along each of its flanks, which has a tight network of blood vessels that transfer metabolic heat inward towards the core of the shark, allowing it to maintain and regulate its body heat.
Fertilization and embryonic development occur internally; this ovoviviparous or live-bearing mode of reproduction results in a small litter (usually two to four) of large well-developed pups, up to 150 cm at birth in thintail threshers.
The young fish exhaust their yolk sacs while still inside the mother, at which time they begin feasting on the mother's unfertilized eggs; this is known as oophagy.
Thresher sharks are slow to mature; males reach sexual maturity between seven and 13 years of age and females between eight and 14 years in bigeye threshers.
In October 2013, the very first picture of a Thresher shark giving birth was taken off the coast of the Philippines.
It was released in the United States on 17 September 2002 by Emperor Norton and in the United Kingdom on 2 December 2002 by Telstar Records.
Type O Negative was an American gothic metal band formed in Brooklyn, New York in 1989, by Peter Steele (lead vocals, bass), Kenny Hickey (guitar, co-lead vocals), Josh Silver (keyboards, backing vocals), and Sal Abruscato (drums, percussion), who was later replaced by Johnny Kelly.
On April 14, 2010, lead vocalist, bassist, and principal songwriter Peter Steele died, reportedly from heart failure brought on by an aortic aneurysm.
Former Carnivore frontman Peter Steele, along with childhood friends Sal Abruscato, Josh Silver and Kenny Hickey, formed Type O Negative and signed to Roadrunner Records.
The songs were long, multi-part theatrical epics, with lyrics loosely surrounding a story involving a man enacting revenge on a cheating girlfriend before ultimately contemplating his actions and committing suicide.
In the midst of this media blitz, drummer Sal Abruscato quit the band to join another Brooklyn quartet, Life of Agony.
In a November 2010 interview with Rock Hard magazine, Johnny Kelly and Kenny Hickey confirmed that following Steele's death, Type O Negative had definitely split-up.
Other influences are Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Judas Priest, and AC/DC, and gothic rock/post-punk bands such as Joy Division, Cocteau Twins, Christian Death, Bauhaus, The Sisters of Mercy, Killing Joke, and Dead Can Dance.
She was commissioned in 1930, originally classified a light cruiser because of her thin armor but later reclassified a heavy cruiser because of her 8-inch guns.
During World War II she served in the Pacific and was sunk by Japanese torpedoes during the Battle of Tassafaronga on 30 November 1942.
Redesignated CA-26 in 1931 in accordance with the London Naval Treaty, she operated primarily in the Pacific from 1932, homeported at San Pedro, and later at Pearl Harbor.
On 9 December, the force sortied to search northeast of Oahu, then swept south to Johnston Island, then north again to hunt the enemy west of Lisianski Island and Midway Atoll.
Once again the ships replenished at Pearl Harbor, then sailed for the Southwest Pacific, arriving just after the battle of the Coral Sea.
On 4–5 June, the American carriers launched their planes to win a great victory, turning the Japanese back in mid-Pacific, and dealing them a tremendous blow by sinking four carriers.
The Battle of Tassafaronga began 40 minutes before midnight on 30 November, when three American destroyers made a surprise torpedo attack on the Japanese.
Two of the American cruisers took torpedo hits within the space of a minute, and 10 minutes later, another was hit, all being forced to retire from the action.
U. S. Navy archives contain a photo of PT 109 entering the anchorage at Tulagi, her topside crowded by Northampton survivors, some of them seriously wounded or dying.
In honor of Commander Ebert, the destroyer escort was launched 11 May 1944 by Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Inc., Tampa, Florida; sponsored by the widow of Commander Ebert; Mrs. Hilan Ebert.
The larger of the two is Skellig Michael (also known as Great Skellig) which, together with Little Skellig, is at the centre of a Important Bird Area established by BirdWatch Ireland in 2000.
With a sixth-century Christian monastery perched at above sea level on a ledge close to the top of the lower peak, Great Skellig is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
During the 2014 nesting season, black-legged kittiwake chicks in nests were swept into the sea by the downdraught from a helicopter and devoured by gulls.
Both of the Skellig islands are known for their seabird colonies, and together comprise one of the most important seabird sites in Ireland, both for the population size and for the species diversity.
The islands have many interesting recreational diving sites due to the clear water, an abundance of life, and underwater cliffs down to 60 meters (200 feet).
Ellen R. Malcolm (born February 2, 1947) is an activist with a long career in American politics, particularly in political fundraising.
Malcolm grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, the daughter of parents who met while working in the sales department at IBM.
After her father died when she was 8 months old, she became the heir to an IBM fortune, which she was to inherit at age 21.
Malcolm cites the Vietnam War, the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and the riots that followed, the assassination of Robert Kennedy and the counterculture of the 60's as the factors that led to her political awakening.
Though both of her parents, and much of her community was Republican, Malcolm says the turmoil of the time was shocking, and she felt compelled to help make a change.
Malcolm's interest in giving money to worthy non-profits conflicted with her desire to advance her career based on her own merit, rather than her deep pockets.
After leaving the NWPC in 1979, Malcolm found work as the press secretary for Esther Peterson, who was then the special assistant for consumer affairs for the Carter administration.
In 1982, Malcolm became involved with the campaign of Harriet Woods, a Democratic woman running for a spot in the US Senate.
Woods lost the seat due to running out of funds a few weeks before the election, causing her television ads to lose air time.
Because of her involvement in the campaign, Malcolm discovered that not a single woman had been elected to the US Senate, instead they had all been appointed.
EMILY's list effectively set up a donor network composed mostly of women who, in exchange for their money, got information about whom to vote for from people they knew had similar interests to themselves.
In 2007, she served as co-chair of Hillary Clinton's election campaign, and in 2010 she was appointed to the National Park Foundation Board of Directors.
Currently, Malcolm serves on the board of EMILY's list, the National Partnership for Women and Families, and the National Park Foundation.
Petty officer third class is the fourth enlisted rank in the U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, and the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps, above seaman and below petty officer second class, and is the lowest rank of non-commissioned officer, equivalent to a corporal in the U.S. Army and Marine Corps.
Petty officer third class shares the same pay grade as senior airman in the Air Force, which no longer has an NCO rank corresponding with E-4.
Only a certain number of billets (job openings for a given rank) open up biannually and all seamen compete for promotion.
Thus, a petty officer third class who has the rating of Aviation Structural Mechanic is called an Aviation Structural Mechanic Third Class.
The term petty officer is only used in abstract, the general sense, when referring to a group of petty officers of different ratings, or when the petty officer's rating is unknown.
When combined with the petty officer level, this gives the shorthand for the petty officer's rank, such as AM3 for aviation structural mechanic third class.
It is common practice to refer to the petty officer by this shorthand in all but the most formal correspondence, such as printing an inscription on awards.
The rate insignia for a petty officer third class is a white perched eagle and one specialty mark (rating) above a chevron.
The insignia worn on working uniforms, such as coveralls and the naval working uniform, and metal rank devices, like those worn on the collar of the naval service uniform, have the rating symbol omitted.
More recently the custom has taken on a different form, being done with a gesture ranging from a light tap to a hard punch over the new petty officer's sleeve insignia.
Commanding officers are also known to direct the ship corpsman to perform physical exams for possible abuse and to report all injuries to newly promoted personnel, so punishment cannot be avoided.
The U.S. Navy's high year tenure policy has made the good conduct variation for a petty officer third class all but obsolete.
Among enlisted sailors 12 consecutive years of good conduct (categorized as no court-martial convictions or non-judicial punishments) entitles the sailor to wear a good conduct variation of their rank insignia, with the normally red chevrons under the specialty mark and perched eagle worn as gold and the eagle itself worn as silver.
If a PO3 fails to make petty officer second class within those ten years, the petty officer is involuntarily separated for not meeting advancement requirements.
This same restriction has been imposed upon the ranks of petty officer second class and first class, allowing 16 years of service to a PO2 before advancement must be attained, and 22 years of service to a petty officer first class.
All of these initiatives, however, may be waived in the event the sailor holds critical training qualifications, Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) job codes, or special clearances.
Today the few instances in which a PO3 has gold chevrons are usually instances in which a sailor has previous military service.
All U.S. Coast Guard petty officers wear red chevrons and red service stripes until the rank of chief petty officer, who wear gold chevrons and service stripes.
A tidal bore, often simply given as bore in context, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the river or bay's current.
Bores occur in relatively few locations worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range (typically more than between high and low water) and where incoming tides are funneled into a shallow, narrowing river or lake via a broad bay.
The funnel-like shape not only increases the tidal range, but it can also decrease the duration of the flood tide, down to a point where the flood appears as a sudden increase in the water level.
A tidal bore may take on various forms, ranging from a single breaking wavefront with a roller – somewhat like a hydraulic jump – to undular bores, comprising a smooth wavefront followed by a train of secondary waves known as whelps.
Two key features of a tidal bore are the intense turbulence and turbulent mixing generated during the bore propagation, as well as its rumbling noise.
The tidal bore induces a strong turbulent mixing in the estuarine zone, and the effects may be felt along considerable distances.
The velocity observations indicate a rapid deceleration of the flow associated with the passage of the bore as well as large velocity fluctuations.
A tidal bore creates a powerful roar that combines the sounds caused by the turbulence in the bore front and whelps, entrained air bubbles in the bore roller, sediment erosion beneath the bore front and of the banks, scouring of shoals and bars, and impacts on obstacles.
The low-frequency sound is a characteristic feature of the advancing roller in which the air bubbles entrapped in the large-scale eddies are acoustically active and play the dominant role in the rumble-sound generation.
Certain rivers such as the Seine in France, the Petitcodiac River in Canada, and the Colorado River in Mexico to name a few, have had a sinister reputation in association with tidal bores.
In China, despite warning signs erected along the banks of the Qiantang River, a number of fatalities occur each year by people who take too much risk with the bore.
The tidal bores affect the shipping and navigation in the estuarine zone, for example, in Papua New Guinea (Fly and Bamu Rivers), Malaysia (Benak at Batang Lupar), and India (Hoogly bore).
The estuarine zones are the spawning and breeding grounds of several native fish species, while the aeration induced by the tidal bore contributes to the abundant growth of many species of fish and shrimps (for example in the Rokan River).
Scientific studies have been carried out at the River Dee in Wales in the United Kingdom, the Garonne and Sélune in France, and the Daly River in Australia.
The force of the tidal bore flow often poses a challenge to scientific measurements, as evidenced by a number of field work incidents in the River Dee, Rio Mearim, Daly River, and Sélune River.
Once very strong, later diversions of the river for irrigation have weakened the flow of the river to the point the tidal bore has nearly disappeared.
Launched in 1932, she completed a number of training and goodwill cruises in the interwar period before seeing extensive service during World War II, beginning with the Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942, where she escorted the aircraft carrier and picked up survivors from the sunken carrier .
She then supported the carrier during the initial phase of the Guadalcanal Campaign later that year, and was torpedoed during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
The torpedo inflicted heavy damage which put her out of action for six months as she was repaired in Sydney, Australia and later San Diego, California.
She was involved in the October 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf, engaging Japanese ships in the decisive Battle of Surigao Strait.
She then conducted shore bombardments at Lingayen Gulf and Corregidor Island, and in 1945 supported landings during the Battle of Okinawa until the end of the war.
In her extensive service she accrued 16 battle stars, making her one of the most decorated ships in the U.S. fleet.
She was reclassified a heavy cruiser, because of her 8-inch guns, with the symbol CA-33 on 1 July 1931, in accordance with the London Naval Treaty.
In 1943, a light tripod was added forward of the second funnel on the ship, and a prominent fire-control director was installed aft.
In 1945, her anti-aircraft defenses were upgraded, receiving twenty four Bofors 40 mm guns which were arranged in four quad mounts and four twin mounts.
Her total crew complement varied, with a regular designed crew complement of 848, a wartime complement of 952, and a complement 1,229 when the cruiser was operating as a fleet flagship.
She was the first ship named for the city of Portland, Maine, and sponsored by the daughter of Mayor Ralph D. Brooks of Portland, and with Captain Herbert F. Leary as her first commander.
The next evening, she was dispatched on her first assignment to the scene of the airship , which had crashed at sea.
In spite of her efforts, 73 were killed in the crash, including Admiral William Moffett, Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics.
TF 17 completed refueling the next day, but TF 11 reported that they would not be finished fueling until 4 May.
At 17:00 on 3 May, Fletcher was notified that a force of Japanese troops had been sighted at Tulagi the day before, approaching the southern Solomons.
TF 17 changed course and proceeded at towards Guadalcanal to launch airstrikes against the Japanese forces at Tulagi the next morning.
The next morning, TF 17 rendezvoused with TF 11 and Task Force 44 (TF 44) at a predetermined point south of Guadalcanal ().
Prompted by reports the Japanese would attack Port Moresby, the force moved to the Louisiades to engage the Japanese the next day.
They steamed for the Aleutian Islands to counter a Japanese force there but were recalled to Pearl Harbor two days later.
She continued to protect the carrier through 25 August, when Allied forces prevented reinforcement of Japanese units in the Solomons by a large naval armada under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.
Two weeks later, she participated in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal from 12–15 November, which resulted in heavy damage to both forces but broke up the determined Japanese effort to disrupt the landing of 6,000 American troops on Guadalcanal, to bombard Henderson Field, and to land 7,000 reinforcements of their own.
After a four-day journey they arrived and began to offload supplies on 12 November and were countered by a Japanese air attack of 46 aircraft.
That night, she was among a force of five cruisers and eight destroyers under Daniel J. Callaghan which steamed to counter an approaching Japanese force.
The torpedo struck the starboard side, which blew off both inboard propellers, jammed the rudder five degrees to starboard, and jammed her Number Three turret in train and elevation.
A four degree list was quickly corrected by shifting ballast, but the steering problem could not be overcome and the ship was forced to steam in circles to starboard.
From there, she was towed to Sydney, Australia by the tugboat and escorted by the destroyers and for preliminary repairs prior to overhaul in the United States.
After covering a reconnaissance landing on Little Kiska on 17 August, she called at Pearl Harbor on 23 September, there to San Francisco in early October, then back to Pearl Harbor in mid-October.
After repairs, she joined Task Group 51 under Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill for an attack on Darrit, steaming for that island on 23 January and arriving 30 January.
She then moved to support operations on Eniwetok Atoll on 8 February, providing shore bombardment on Parry Island ahead of landings which took place on 19 February.
She then joined with a carrier force assigned to cover the landings around Hollandia and Tanahmerah on New Guinea, which took place from 21–24 April.
She arrived off Leyte on 17 October, entering the Gulf the next day, and began two days of shore bombardments to prepare for the troop landings there.
On the night of 24 October, a strong Japanese force consisting of two battleships, one heavy cruiser, and four destroyers headed for Surigao Strait with the apparent intent of raiding shipping in Leyte Gulf.
The Japanese were first met by PT boats, then in succession by three coordinated destroyer torpedo attacks, and finally by devastating gunfire from American battleships and cruisers disposed across the northern end of the strait.
From 26 March to 20 April, she conducted shore bombardments of Okinawa in support of the Allied landings during the Okinawa campaign.
From 8 May to 17 June, she supported ground forces on Okinawa providing artillery support for ground forces, departing on 17 June for maintenance at Leyte before returning to Buckner Bay on 6 August, where she remained conducting shore bombardments until the end of the war.
While she was identified as one of the few ships that fought through the entire war and not missed any major battle, no attempt was made to save her as a museum ship at either Portland, Maine, or Portland, Oregon.
She was struck from the Navy List on 1 March 1959 and sold to Union Minerals and Alloys Corp. in New York on 6 October.
She received 16 battle stars for World War II service, making her among the most decorated US ships of World War II.
Restored trains are historic trains that have been removed from service and later restored to their past condition, as opposed to having never been removed from service, like UP 844, the only U.S. steam locomotive to never be retired.
The majority of restored trains are operated at heritage railways and railway museums, although they can also be found on the main lines or branch lines of the commercial working railway, operated by specialist railtour companies or museum groups.
The restoration of historic railway equipment has gained importance in the United States, primarily because of a large amount of steam locomotives and cabooses donated by railroads to cities and museums, many of which have been displayed in parks for many years.
Examples of major projects accomplished by clubs are D&RGW 315, which was displayed in the city park in Durango, Colorado, until removed by the Durango Railway Historical Society and restored to operation, as well as D&RGW 223, which was displayed at Liberty Park in Salt Lake City, Utah until moved to Ogden and restored by the Golden Spike Chapter of the Railway & Locomotive Historical Society.
She was restored and is still privately owned, operating occasionally on the Durango & Silverton and Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroads in Colorado.
the Illinois people) — sometimes referred to as Upper Louisiana ( ; ) — was a vast region of New France and later the British Province of Quebec in what is now the Midwestern United States.
While these names generally referred to the entire Upper Mississippi River watershed, French colonial settlement was concentrated along the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers in what is now the U.S. states of Illinois and Missouri, with outposts in Indiana.
Over time, the fur trade took some French to the far reaches of the Rocky Mountains, especially along the branches of the broad Missouri River valley.
Up until 1717, the Illinois Country was governed by the French province of Canada, but by order of King Louis XV, the Illinois Country was annexed to the French province of Louisiana, with the northeastern administrative border being somewhat vaguely on or near the upper Illinois River.
By the mid-18th century, the major settlements included Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Chartres, Saint Philippe, and Prairie du Rocher, all on the east side of the Mississippi in present-day Illinois; and Ste.
Illinois Country east of the Mississippi River along with what was then much of Ohio Country, became part of what was Illinois County, Virginia, claimed by right of conquest.
The name lived on as Illinois Territory between 1809 and 1818, and as the State of Illinois after its admission to the union in 1818.
The residual part of Illinois Country west of the Mississippi was acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.
The boundaries of the Illinois Country were defined in a variety of ways, but the region now known as the American Bottom was nearly at the center of all descriptions.
Early French missionaries and traders referred to the area southwest and southeast of the lake, including much of the upper Mississippi Valley, by this name.
It included more than half of the present state, as well as the land between the Arkansas River and the line of 43 degrees north latitude, and the country between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River.
A royal ordinance of 1722—following the transfer of the Illinois Country's governance from Canada to Louisiana—may have featured the broadest definition of the region: all land claimed by France south of the Great Lakes and north of the mouth of the Ohio River, which would include the lower Missouri Valley as well as both banks of the Mississippi.
Thus, Vincennes and Peoria were the limit of Louisiana'a reach; the outposts at Ouiatenon (on the upper Wabash near present-day Lafayette, Indiana), Checagou, Fort Miamis (near present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana) and Prairie du Chien operated as dependencies of Canada.
This boundary between Canada and the Illinois Country remained in effect until the Treaty of Paris in 1763, after which France surrendered its remaining territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain.
As part of a general report on conditions in the newly conquered lands, Gen. Thomas Gage, then commandant at Montreal, explained in 1762 that, although the boundary between Louisiana and Canada wasn't exact, it was understood the upper Mississippi above the mouth of the Illinois was in Canadian trading territory.
Distinctions became somewhat clearer after the Treaty of Paris in 1763, when Britain acquired Canada and the land claimed by France east of the Mississippi and Spain acquired Louisiana west of the Mississippi.
The first French explorations of the Illinois Country were in the first half of the 17th century, led by explorers and missionaries based in Canada.
Joseph de La Roche Daillon reached an oil spring at the northeasternmost fringe of the Mississippi River basin during his 1627 missionary journey.
In 1669–70, Father Jacques Marquette, a missionary in French Canada, was at a mission station on Lake Superior, when he met native traders from the Illinois Confederation.
In 1673–74, with a commission from the Canadian government, Marquette and Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi River territory from Green Bay to the Arkansas River, including the Illinois River valley.
From the 1710s to the 1730s, the Fox Wars between the French, French allied tribes and the Meskwaki (Fox) Native American tribe occurred in what is now northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin, and Michigan, in particular, over the fur trade.
During the conflict, in what is now McLean County, Illinois, French and allied forces won a consequential battle against the Meskwaki in 1730.
French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle built Fort St. Louis on a large butte by the Illinois River in the winter of 1682.
The French intended St. Louis to be the first of several forts to defend against English incursions and keep their settlements confined to the East Coast.
Accompanying the French to the region were allied members of several native tribes from eastern areas, who integrated with the Kaskaskia: the Miami, Shawnee, and Mahican.
After La Salle's five-year monopoly ended New France governor Joseph-Antoine de La Barre wished to put Fort Saint Louis along with Fort Frontenac under his jurisdiction.
On August 11, 1683, LaSalle's armorer, Pierre Prudhomme, obtained approximately one and three-quarters of a mile of the north portage shore.
During the earliest of the French and Indian Wars, the French used the fort as a refuge against attacks by Iroquois, who were allied with the British.
French troops commanded by Pierre De Liette occupied Fort St. Louis from 1714 to 1718; De Liette's jurisdiction over the region ended when the territory was transferred from Canada to Louisiana.
The region was periodically occupied by a variety of native tribes who were forced westward by the expansion of European settlements.
According to local legend, the Ottawa, along with their allies the Potawatomi, attacked a band of Illini along the Illinois River.
On January 1, 1718, a trade monopoly was granted to John Law and his Company of the West (which was to become the Company of the Indies in 1719).
Hoping to make a fortune mining precious metals in the area, the company with a military contingent sent from New Orleans built a fort to protect its interests.
The original fort was located on the east bank of the Mississippi River, downriver (south) from Cahokia and upriver of Kaskaskia.
The nearby settlement of Prairie du Rocher, Illinois, was founded by French-Canadian colonists in 1722, a few miles inland from the fort.
The fort was to be the seat of government for the Illinois Country and help to control the aggressive Fox Indians.
The new stone fort was headquarters for the French Illinois Country for less than 20 years, as it was turned over to the British in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris at the end of the French and Indian War.
The British Crown declared almost all the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River from Florida to Newfoundland a Native American territory called the Indian Reserve following the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
The British softened the initial expulsion order and offered the Canadien inhabitants the same rights and privileges enjoyed under French rule.
In September 1768, the British established a Court of Justice, the first court of common law in the Mississippi Valley (the French law system is called civil law).
Chartres' ruined but intact magazine is considered the oldest surviving European structure in Illinois and was reconstructed in the 20th century, with much of the rest of the Fort.
According to historian, Carl J. Ekberg, the French settlement pattern in Illinois Country was generally unique in 17th- and 18th-century French North America.
These were unlike other such French settlements, which primarily had been organized in separated homesteads along a river with long rectangular plots stretching back from the river (ribbon plots).
After the port of New Orleans, along the Mississippi River to the south, was founded in 1718, more African slaves were imported to the Illinois Country for use as agricultural and mining laborers.
Following the British occupation of the east bank of the Mississippi in 1764, some Canadien settlers remained in the area, while others crossed the river, forming new settlements such as St. Louis.
During the Revolutionary War, General George Rogers Clark took possession of the part of the Illinois Country east of the Mississippi for Virginia.
In November 1778, the Virginia legislature created the county of Illinois, comprising all of the lands lying west of the Ohio River to which Virginia had any claim, with Kaskaskia as the county seat.
For their assistance to General Clark in the war, settled Canadien and Indian residents of Illinois Country were given full citizenship.
Under the Northwest Ordinance and many subsequent treaties and acts of Congress, the Canadien and Indian residents of Vincennes and Kaskaskia were granted specific exemptions, as they had declared themselves citizens of Virginia.
Much of the Illinois Country region became an organized territory of the United States with the establishment of the Northwest Territory in 1787.
Petty officer second class is the fifth enlisted rank in the U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, and the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps, just above petty officer third class and below petty officer first class, and is a non-commissioned officer.
It is equivalent to the rank of sergeant in the Army and Marine Corps, and staff sergeant in the Air Force.
Similar to petty officer third class, advancement to petty officer second class is dependent on time in service, performance evaluations by superiors, and rate (technical specialty) examinations.
Only a certain number of billets (job openings for this rate) open up biannually and all petty officers third class compete.
Thus, a petty officer second class, who has the rating of interior communications electrician would properly be called an interior communications electrician second class.
The term petty officer is, then, only used in abstract, the general sense, when referring to a group of petty officers of different ratings, or when the petty officer's rating is unknown.
It is common practice to refer to the petty officer by this shorthand in all but the most formal correspondence (such as printing and inscription on awards).
Unlike most rates, the Aircrew survival equipmentman rate uses their former title of parachute rigger for abbreviation and are still referred as PRs and parachute riggers in the military community after undergoing a rating name change in 1986.
To advance a candidate must meet the time in rate eligibility, pass the advancement test, and have a final multiple higher than the minimum required to advance.
Among enlisted sailors, 12 consecutive years of good conduct (categorized as no court-martial convictions and no non-judicial punishments) entitles the sailor to wear a good conduct variation of their rate insignia: the chevrons which are normally red are replaced with gold.
If a PO2 fails to make petty officer first class within that time, the petty officer is involuntarily separated for not meeting advancement requirements.
All U.S. Coast Guard petty officers wear red chevrons and red service stripes, until the rate of chief petty officer, where both chevrons and service stripes are gold.
In the US Navy, all petty officers wear red stripes and chevrons until they reach 12 consecutive years of service with good conduct (as determined by eligibility for the Navy Good Conduct Medal as its criteria).
In 2002 plans were ratified by the Welsh Assembly to create two 'super' schools in Wrexham, with an emphasis on vocational education.
Opposition to the plans was received from parents, with a petition of over 1000 signatures was delivered to the Wrexham County Counci in April 2002.
Nearby Yale College, which was to offset the some costs of the project by buying the Groves school and selling land, dropped out.
By late 2003 it became apparent that the original £12 million budget for upgrades would fall short by about £10 million because inflation was not accounted for in estimates.
Three secondary schools were merged into two schools: Rhosnesni (formerly known as St. David's School), and Ysgol Clywedog (formerly known as Bryn Offa).
The third school, Groves, was used as a temporary site for Rhosnesni, Ysgol Clywedog and another local school, St Joseph's Catholic High School, while improvements were made to their permanent sites.
In 2014 a report by Wrexham Council showed that there had been a big fall in admissions to Wrexham's super schools.
Rhosnesni was one of 40 Welsh schools that was chosen to take part in a Welsh government scheme to improve standards.
Previously St Davids High School (Ysgol Dewi Sant), Rhosnesni High School is situated on Rhosnesni Lane in the town of Wrexham, North Wales.
It opened in 2003 at a temporary site on Pen-y-Maes Avenue and later moving to its current site after the school buildings were updated and opened in September 2004, although an official opening ceremony was not conducted until April 2005.
Students from the former schools were asked to create the logo and uniform which consists of a Royal blue blazer, optional black V neck pullover, white shirt, black tailored trousers or knee length A line skirt, knee length black socks or black tights, black formal shoes with a blue and yellow diagonally striped tie.
The logo is a shield divided into quarters on the diagonal with the letters YRHS (an abbreviation of Ysgol Rhosnesni High School).
As of September 2018 the headteacher Mr Brant is expecting to raise the schools reputation, performance and standards following an end of year newsletter referencing violations in dress code and behavioural expectations will no longer be ignored.
True to his word in excess of 90 students were either sent home or detained in the hall for the duration of the first day with issues such as incorrect footwear and inappropriate skirts being the main issue.
This proved controversial with some parents taking to social media to vent fury while many others welcomed the tough approach while giving their backing to the new regime as a long time due.
She graduated from Brigham Young University in 1927 with a degree in physical education, and a master's from Teachers College, Columbia University, in 1930.
She held several teaching positions in the 1930s, including one at the innovative Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry, which brought milliners, telephone operators and garment workers onto the campus.
The family returned to Washington D.C., in 1957 and Peterson joined the Industrial Union Department of the AFL-CIO, becoming its first woman lobbyist.
In 1990, the American Council on Consumer Interests created the Esther Peterson Consumer Policy Forum lectureship, which is presented annually at the Council's conference.
The group was primarily funded by insurance mogul Peter Lewis, currency trader George Soros, and labor unions, especially the Service Employees International Union, and was led by Steve Rosenthal, a former political director of the AFL-CIO.
In the last three weeks before the 2004 presidential and congressional elections, ACT planned on funding over 12 million phone calls to targeted voters and having canvassers hand-deliver 11 million pieces of literature at targeted doorsteps.
On Election Day, ACT had projected to have 45,000 paid canvassers in the battleground states and spent over $10 million on Election Day.
It had 86 offices open every day, with a staff of 4000 and a goal of reinforcing the army of 45,000 paid canvassers with 25,000 volunteers.
The Federal Election Commission announced on August 29, 2007, that it had reached a settlement agreement with ACT for violations of various federal campaign finance laws during the 2004 US presidential campaign.
In sociology, postmaterialism is the transformation of individual values from materialist, physical, and economic to new individual values of autonomy and self-expression.
Inglehart argued that with increasing prosperity, such postmaterial values would gradually increase in the publics of advanced industrial societies through the process of intergenerational replacement.
The first kind of materialism, and the one in reference to which the word postmaterialism is used most often, refers to materialism as a value-system relating to the desire for fulfillment of material needs (such as security, sustenance and shelter) and an emphasis on material luxuries in a consumerist society.
A second referent is the materialist conception of history held by many socialists, most notably Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as well as their philosophic concept of dialectical materialism.
Depending on which of the three above notions of materialism are being discussed, postmaterialism can be an ontological postmaterialism, an existentialistic postmaterialism, an ethical postmaterialism, or a political-sociological postmaterialism, which is also the best known.
After extensive survey research, Inglehart postulated that the Western societies under the scope of his survey were undergoing transformation of individual values, switching from materialist values, emphasizing economic and physical security, to a new set of postmaterialist values, which instead emphasized autonomy and self-expression.
Inglehart argued that rising prosperity was gradually liberating the publics of advanced industrial societies from the stress of basic acquisitive or materialistic needs.
Observing that the younger people were much more likely to embrace postmaterialist values, Inglehart speculated that this silent revolution was not merely a case of a life-cycle change, with people becoming more materialist as they aged, but a genuine example of generational replacement causing intergenerational value change.
While people may universally aspire to freedom and autonomy, the most pressing material needs like hunger, thirst and physical security have to be satisfied first, since they are immediately linked with survival.
A large body of evidence indicates that people's basic values are largely fixed when they reach adulthood, and change relatively little thereafter.
On the other hand, cohorts who have experienced sustained high material affluence start to give high priority to values such as individual improvement, personal freedom, citizen input in government decisions, the ideal of a society based on humanism, and maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
Together, these two hypotheses carry the implication that, given long periods of material affluence, a growing part of society will embrace postmaterialist value systems, an implication which has been indeed borne out internationally in the past 30 years of survey data.
The postmaterial orientations acquired by each cohort during socialization have been observed to remain remarkably steady over the time-frame of multiple decades, being a more stable value-system in contrast to the more volatile political and social attitudes.
A common and relatively simple way is by creating an index from survey respondents' patterns of responses to a series of items which were designed to measure personal political priorities.
The theoretical assumptions and the empirical research connected with the concept of postmaterialism have received considerable attention and critical discussion in the human sciences.
After the economic and social stress caused by German reunification in 1990 it dropped to 23 per cent in 1992 and stayed on that level afterwards.
The ALLBUS sample from the less affluent population in East Germany show much lower portions of postmaterialists (1991: 15 per cent, 1992: 10 per cent, 1998: 12 per cent).
International data from the 2000 World Values Survey show the highest percentage of postmaterialists in Australia (35 per cent) followed by Austria (30 per cent), Canada (29 per cent), Italy (28 per cent), Argentina (25 per cent), United States (25 per cent), Sweden (22 per cent), Netherlands (22 per cent), Puerto Rico (22 per cent) etc.
As increasing postmaterialism is based on the abundance of material possessions or resources, it should not be mixed indiscriminately with asceticism or general denial of consumption.
German data show that there is a tendency towards this orientation among young people, in the economically rather secure public service, and in the managerial middle class.
Proposition 22 was a law enacted by California voters in March 2000 stating that marriage was between one man and one woman.
In May 2008, proposition 8 was also passed by voters, again allowing that marriage would be between one man and one woman.
The margin of victory surprised many, since a Field Poll immediately prior to the election estimated support at 53%, with 40% against and 7% undecided.
In June 2010, Proposition 8 was declared unconstitutional by U.S district judge Vaughn Walker based on the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
Even though the definition governing who may marry explicitly precluded contracting a same-sex marriage in California, a separate provision, Section 308, governed recognition of marriages contracted elsewhere.
This federal law had a similar purpose, and was intended to prevent any state from being obligated to recognize a same-sex marriage contracted in another state.
Central to many subsequent disputes over Prop 22's effect is a distinction between statutes enacted by the legislature and initiative statutes enacted directly by the electorate.
The legislature is free to amend or rescind its own enactments, but voters must approve any attempt by the legislature to amend or repeal an initiative statute unless the initiative itself states otherwise.
Generally, these challenges alleged that the legislature inappropriately amended Prop 22 by making California's domestic partnership scheme too similar to marriage, or more broadly, that Prop 22 made 'any' subsequent recognition of same-sex partnerships beyond the legislature's inherent power.
California Courts of Appeal rejected those claims, noting that domestic partnerships already existed as a legal institution separate from marriage at the time Prop 22 was enacted.
In his veto message, Schwarzenegger argued that passing a law that would implicitly repeal Section 308.5 required the assent of the electorate (and separately made note of pending court challenges).
In ruling on the disputes between Prop 22 and the domestic partnership enactments, California Courts of Appeal have reached differing conclusions as to Prop 22's scope within the marriage statutes.
It was designed to prevent same-sex couples who could marry validly in other countries or who in the future could marry validly in other states from coming to California and claiming, in reliance on Family Code section 308, that their marriages must be recognized as valid marriages.
With the passage of Proposition 22, then, only opposite-sex marriages validly contracted outside this state will be recognized as valid in California.
Defendants' position that it does is based on the faulty premise that the right to sue for wrongful death is an exclusive benefit of marriage.
The plain language of Proposition 22 and its initiative statute, section 308.5, reaffirms the definition of marriage in section 300, by stating that only marriage between a man and a woman shall be valid and recognized in California.
This limitation ensures that California will not legitimize or recognize same-sex marriages from other jurisdictions, as it otherwise would be required to do pursuant to section 308, and that California will not permit same-sex partners to validly marry within the state.
Parties in subsequent cases, including the same-sex marriage cases, have noted the apparent split between the appellate courts with respect to its scope.
As the ultimate rulings in these cases arguably did not require a finding that Prop 22 applies to in-state marriages (both were upheld against a challenge that they constituted marriage under Prop 22, the same result that would have obtained if they had ruled Prop 22 did not apply to in-state marriages), some argue that these findings are dicta.
Separately, numerous challenges to the constitutionality of the opposite-sex requirements found in California's marriage statutes, including Prop 22, came before the courts.
Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger immediately issued a statement pledging to uphold the ruling, and repeated his pledge to oppose Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment initiative that would override the Court's ruling and again ban same sex marriages by placing the text of Proposition 22 in the State Constitution.
As the Finnish system records users by their written language not their spoken alone nearly all deaf people that sign are assigned this way and maybe subsumed into the overall Finnish language figures.
Historically the aim was oralism, whereby deaf people were taught to speak oral Finnish, even if they could not hear it, thus older people are recorded under these figures.
There are several sign languages that come under this label; FSL for those that can see; Signed Finnish, which does not follow the same grammatical rules and a version for those that are blind and deaf.
Many estimates say 5000, but these are exaggerations derived from the 14 000 deaf people in Finland (many of whom do not speak Finnish Sign Language).
Finnish Sign Language is derived from Swedish Sign Language which is a different language from Finnish Swedish Sign Language (which is Swedish Finnish language derived from Finnish Sign Language, of which there are an estimated 90 speakers in Finland), from which it began to separate as an independent language in the middle of the 19th century.
Finnish legislation recognized Finnish Sign Language as one of Finland's domestic languages in 1995 when it was included in the renewed constitution.
Finland then became the third country in the world to recognize a sign language as a natural language and the right to use it as a mother tongue.
Later, as research on sign languages in general and Finnish Sign Language in particular determined that sign languages tend to have a very different grammar from oral languages, the teaching of Finnish Sign Language and Signed Finnish diverged.
He started a private practice in psychiatry in 1968 and later moved to Los Angeles in 1979 where he was a professor of psychiatry at UCLA.
In 1980 Viscott began presenting his own full-time show on talk radio, and was notably one of the first psychiatrists to do so (talk station KABC).
Viscott's signature style was to attempt to isolate an individual's source of emotional problems in a very short amount of time.
Along with psychiatric advice, he would fall back on his medical knowledge to regularly devote entire segments of radio to answering medical questions.
A separation from his wife, followed by declining health, occurred at about the same time that he left the air waves.
The name was adopted during World War I by family members residing in the United Kingdom due to rising anti-German sentiment amongst the British public.
The title of count of Battenberg, later prince of Battenberg, was granted to a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, itself a cadet branch of the House of Hesse, in the mid 19th century.
The family now includes the Marquesses of Milford Haven (and formerly the Marquesses of Carisbrooke), as well as the Earls Mountbatten of Burma.
Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, the consort of Queen Elizabeth II, adopted the surname of Mountbatten from his mother's family in 1947, although he is a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg by patrilineal descent.
The Battenberg family was a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, rulers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in Germany.
Two of Alexander and Julia's sons, Prince Henry of Battenberg and Prince Louis of Battenberg, became associated with the British Royal Family.
Prince Louis married Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, and became the First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy.
Due to anti-German feelings prevalent in Britain during World War I, Prince Louis, his children, and his nephews (the living sons of Prince Henry), renounced their German titles and changed their name to the more English sounding Mountbatten.
Prince Louis became the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, while Prince Alexander, Prince Henry's eldest son, became the 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke.
The marquessate of Milford Haven was created in 1917 for Prince Louis of Battenberg, the former First Sea Lord, and a relation to the British Royal family.
He was at the same time made Earl of Medina and Viscount Alderney, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
Princess Alice of Battenberg never took the name Mountbatten as she married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark in 1903; her son, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, took the name upon becoming a naturalised British citizen.
Earl Mountbatten of Burma is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, created in 1947 for Rear Admiral Louis Mountbatten, 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, youngest son of the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven and the last Viceroy of India.
The subsidiary titles of the Earldom are Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, of Romsey in the County of Southampton, created 1946, and Baron Romsey, of Romsey in the County of Southampton, created in 1947.
Marquess of Carisbrooke was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, created in 1917 for Prince Alexander of Battenberg, eldest son of Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom and Prince Henry of Battenberg.
He was made Viscount Launceston, in the County of Cornwall, and Earl of Berkhampsted at the same time, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the son of Princess Alice of Battenberg and grandson of the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, took the name Mountbatten when he became a naturalised British subject.
In 1952, on the accession of his wife as Queen Elizabeth II, there was some dispute regarding the dynasty to which descendants of Elizabeth and Phillip would belong.
Queen Mary (the new Queen's grandmother) expressed to Prime Minister Winston Churchill her aversion to the idea of the House of Mountbatten succeeding the House of Windsor as the royal dynasty.
Winston Churchill raised the matter in Parliament where it was decided that the name of the Royal House would remain Windsor, as decreed in perpetuity by Queen Mary's husband, King George V.
Mountbatten-Windsor is the personal surname of some of the descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh under an Order in Council issued in 1960, which has not been applied consistently.
The surname was first officially used by Princess Anne in 1973, in the wedding register for her marriage to Mark Phillips.
On 8 May 2019, Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex announced the name of their son to be Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor.
The adoption of the Mountbatten-Windsor surname applies only to members of the Royal Family who are descended from Elizabeth, and not, for example, to her cousins, or descendants of her sister, Princess Margaret.
A bronze statue by Franta Belsky of Lord Mountbatten of Burma was erected in 1983 outside the Foreign Office, overlooking Horse Guards Parade.
The Mountbatten Institute (formerly known as the Mountbatten Internship Programme), an organization based in New York and London dedicated to fostering work experience and cultural exchange by placing international graduate students abroad to earn postgraduate and degrees was set up by his eldest daughter, Patricia, 2nd Countess Mountbatten.
Despite the family's well-known connections with the Royal Navy, the Mount Batten Peninsula, overlooking the Royal Naval Base of Devonport, England, is not named after them but after Sir William Batten, a 17th-century Surveyor of the Navy.
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, known informally as the Ottawa Treaty, the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, or often simply the Mine Ban Treaty, aims at eliminating anti-personnel landmines (AP-mines) around the world.
One state (the Marshall Islands) has signed but not ratified the treaty, while 32 UN states, including China, Russia, and the United States have not; making a total of 33 United Nations states not party.
October: The Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW) is adopted by a United Nations Conference in Geneva.
October: The Steering committee of the ICBL issued a call for an international ban on the use, production, stockpiling and sale, transfer or export of anti-personnel landmines.
9 February: France formally submitted a request to the Secretary-General of the UN to convene a Review Conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) in accordance with its Article 8 in order to strengthen the provisions in the Convention on the use of anti-personnel landmines.
The First International NGO Conference on Landmines is held in London, organised by the ICBL and acknowledging Jody Williams as the organization's coordinator.
16 December: The UN General Assembly adopts Resolution 48/79 which formally welcomed the request to convene a Review Conference of the CCW, encouraged the establishment of a group of governmental experts to prepare this Conference and called upon the maximum number of States to attend.
Subsequently, certain UN bodies such as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) the United Nations Children’s Fund and the Secretary-General himself called for a total ban on anti-personnel mines.
10 July: The Group of Seven Industrialised Nations (G7) at its meeting in Naples i. a. assigned priority to the problem of APM’s.
The improvement of the legal restrictions on the use of anti-personnel mines contained in Protocol II of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) proved to be an uphill task.
Four meetings of the group of governmental experts were necessary to prepare the basis for the Review Conference of this Convention because of difficulties to reach consensus.
25 September to 13 October: The first Review Conference of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) was finally held in Vienna (Austria).
The focus was on its Protocol II, as it was the authoritative international instrument governing the responsible use of anti-personnel land-mines.
15–19 January: The Review Conference of the CCW resumed its work in Geneva but could not find consensus on the reforms proposed to improve Protocol II.
This first Draft provided already for a complete prohibition of the employment, production, transfer and stockpiling of anti-personnel mines, required destruction of stockpiles within one year of entry into force, and clearance of laid anti-personnel mines within five years.
The reaction of many States to this result was quite negative as its provisions were widely considered to be overly complex and insufficiently stringent to deal with the humanitarian crisis created by APM’s.
At the closing session of the Review Conference Canada announced that it would host a meeting of pro-ban States in summer.
26 June: First debate on the Draft by – sceptical – like-minded Countries and selected NGO’s at a small Strategy meeting at the Quaker UN Office in Geneva.
7 July: This Draft is circulated by the Quaker UN Office in Geneva to three like-minded Countries, Austria, Canada and Switzerland and to selected NGOs, to UNICEF and UNIDIR.
30 September: An improved second Draft of the Convention on a total ban on APM’s, taking into account numerous comments and suggestions received, is prepared by Dr. Ehrlich for the 1996 Ottawa Conference.
This is a remarkable decision, as a number of EU-Members consider anti-personnel mines as military necessity, but this open support comes not without a mental reservation: As those negotiations were supposed to take place in the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, each Member would have the possibility to block them at any time.
The turning point was the announcement by the Austrian representative, that no time needs to be wasted as he had a complete Draft of such a Convention at his disposal and his invitation, to start immediately a fast-track, free-standing negotiating process in Vienna – outside the UN Conference on Disarmament (CD) – notoriously blocked for many years by the lack of consensus.
The Canadian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Lloyd Axworthy, instantly supported this proposal as a chance for a successful conclusion of the Conference and decided to task Austria to prepare the draft for these negotiations, suggesting that they should be concluded by the end of the year 1997 in Ottawa.
November: A further enhanced third Draft of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention was prepared by Dr. Ehrlich and sent out worldwide.
20 December: Draft of the ICBL: The International Campaign to Ban Landmines presents its own draft of a Convention on a total ban of APM’s.
Belgian Draft: Belgium, one of the first supporters of a total ban treaty, also prepared a draft of such a treaty, which however appears to have had little direct influence on the later Austrian drafts.
10 January: Austria adopts the first law on a comprehensive, permanent total ban of APM*s. It goes beyond the earlier Belgian law which was limited in its effect to 5 years and did not exclude stockpiling of APM’s allowing thereby the use of APM in case of emergency.
A major threat to the project of a Total ban Convention as endorsed by the 1996 Ottawa Conference was the danger of being watered down.
This approach would allow some additional Countries to join the process but at the price of allowing them to pick and choose only those prohibitions compatible with their military needs.
This proposal did however not materialise as the USA rebuffed the idea, believing that they could steer the negotiations into the Conference on Disarmament where it would be subject to the consensus rule.
Countries opposing a total ban of APM’s because of their military necessities had an obvious interest to prevent any negotiations on a total ban and in particular in free standing negotiations as proposed by Austria.
The smart way to achieve this aim was to insist on holding the relevant negotiations in the framework of the competent forum of the UN for disarmament negotiations, the Conference on Disarmament (CD).
The catch is, that the CD had become since many years a dead end, because of fundamental disagreements among States Members on its agenda and because of the rule of consensus giving each member de facto the right of veto.
17 January: The White House declared that the USA will seek to initiate negotiations on a worldwide treaty banning the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of anti-personnel landmines in the framework of the Conference on Disarmament (CD) in Geneva.
30 January: In the CD the United Kingdom proposed the mandate for an ad hoc committee on a ban on APM’s, which however was not accepted.
12–14 February: The 1997 Vienna Conference (The Expert Meeting on the Text of a Convention to Ban Anti-Personnel Mines) was the first formal follow-up to the 1996 Ottawa Conference.
NGO’s were allowed to attend the plenary sessions, the UN and the ICRC were invited to participate even in the closed meetings.
Some EU Countries prompted the Netherlands to propose in the CD a draft mandate for negotiations on a total ban of APM’s.
5–24 April: The 1997 Bonn Conference (FRG) (The International Expert Meeting on Possible Verification Measures to Ban Anti-Personnel Landmines in Bonn), was the second formal follow-up gathering to the 1996 Ottawa Conference and was attended by 121 governments.
It included small changes from the previous Second Draft, e. g. regarding compliance issues, the question of duration and the possibility of withdrawal from the Convention.
21 May: The United Kingdom – previously supporting negotiations in the CD – announced that it was joining the process as the second member of the UN Security Council.
26 June: In the CD an agreement was reached to appoint a Special Coordinator for APM’s tasked to try to find an agreed mandate that could form the basis for discussions.
14 August: In the CD the special Coordinator for APM’s declared that there was little point in the CD taking any decisions on a possible mandate on APM’s until the outcome of the Ottawa Process was known in December 1997.
The White House announced that the USA would be a full participant in the negotiations at the forthcoming Oslo Diplomatic Conference.
Its purpose, the final negotiation and formal adoption of the Treaty was achieved only after intensive debates on the conditions presented by the US and on numerous other new proposals on 18 September 1997, after the US delegation announced that it was withdrawing its proposals as it had been unable to garner the necessary support for them.
5 December: The Convention is deposed in New York with the Secretary General of the United Nations, and opened for further signatures.
Besides ceasing the production and development of anti-personnel mines, a party to the treaty must destroy its stockpile of anti-personnel mines within four years, although it may retain a small number for training purposes (mine-clearance, detection, etc.).
This is a difficult task for many countries, but at the annual meetings of the States Parties they may request an extension and assistance.
The treaty also calls on States Parties to provide assistance to mine-affected persons in their own country and to provide assistance to other countries in meeting their treaty obligations.
One hundred and fifty-nine (159) countries have completed the destruction of their stockpiles or declared that they did not possess stockpiles to destroy.
Article 3 of the treaty permits countries to retain landmines for use in training in mine detection, mine clearance, or mine destruction techniques.
A total of 83 States Parties have declared that they do not retain any antipersonnel mines, including 27 states that stockpiled antipersonnel mines in the past.
Through 2015, 29 countries had cleared all known mined areas from their territory: Albania, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Denmark, Djibouti, France, Gambia, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Jordan, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Rwanda, Suriname, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, and Venezuela.
It followed a three-year campaign by 180 Rwandan soldiers, supervised by the Mine Awareness Trust and trained in Kenya, to remove over 9,000 mines laid in the country between 1990 and 1994.
The official Cartagena Summit announcement came after the Rwandan Ministry of Defence's own announcement of the completion of the demining process on 29 November 2009.
On 14 June 2011, Nepal was declared a landmine-free zone, making it the second country (after China) to be landmine-free in Asia.
On 17 September 2015, Mozambique was declared free of land mines after the last of some nearly 171,000 had been cleared over 20 years.
As an initiative of ICBL which was founded in 1998 through Human Rights Watch, the Monitor gives monitoring on the humanitarian development and uses of landmines, cluster munitions, and explosive remnants of war (ERW).
It issues annual report updates on all countries in the world, keeps an international network with experts, provides research findings for all mediums, and remains flexible to adapt its reports to any changes.
The states that have not signed the treaty includes a majority of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council: China, the United States, and Russia.
In 2014, the United States declared that it will abide by the terms of the Treaty, except for landmines used on the Korean Peninsula.
South Korea, like North Korea, has not signed the treaty, believing the use of landmines to be crucial to the defense of their territory against the other.
The campaign for what became the Ottawa Treaty was led by a group of powerful non-governmental organizations, and instead of working within existing multilateral frameworks, including the Conference on Disarmament, based at the UN compound in Geneva (the Palais des Nations), an ad hoc framework was created that detoured around existing intergovernmental processes.
Critics alleged that this represented a challenge to the sovereignty and responsibility of nation states for the defense of their citizens.
Substantively, critics view the treaty as naive and idealistic, in attempting to erase the reality of security threats that lead armies and defense forces to rely on landmines for protection against invasion and terror attacks.
As a result, ratification has been far from universal, and many of the states that do not currently intend to ratify the treaty possess large stockpiles of anti-personnel mines.
So far 35 countries have not signed the treaty; nonsignatories include the United States, Russia, China, Myanmar, United Arab Emirates, Cuba, Egypt, India, Israel, and Iran.
The stance is supported by the Finnish Ministry of Defence report from 2003, which sees landmines as an effective weapon against a mechanised invasion force.
Recently, in early 2018, an MP from the National Coalition Party started a citizens' initiative to withdraw from the Ottawa Treaty.
Opponents of banning anti-personnel mines give several reasons, among them that mines are a cheap and therefore cost-effective area denial weapon.
Opponents claim that when used correctly, anti-personnel mines are defensive weapons that harm only attackers, unlike ranged weapons such as ballistic missiles that are most effective if used for preemptive attacks.
Furthermore, opponents claim that the psychological effect of mines increases the threshold to attack and thus reduces the risk of war.
Cluster bombs, for example, introduce the same problem as mines: unexploded bomblets can remain a hazard for civilians long after a conflict has ended.
In theory, mines could be replaced by manually triggered Claymore mines, but this requires the posting of a sentry, which makes it much more expensive than using other indiscriminate weapons such as cluster bombs or artillery bombardment.
Opponents point out that the Ottawa Convention places no restriction whatever on anti-vehicle mines which kill civilians on tractors, on school buses, etc.
The position of the United States is that the inhumane nature of landmines stems not from whether they are anti-personnel as opposed to antivehicle but from their persistence.
The United States has unilaterally committed to never using persistent landmines of any kind, whether anti-personnel or anti-vehicle, which they say is a more comprehensive humanitarian measure than the Ottawa Convention.
While the self-destruct mechanism has never failed in more than 65,000 random tests, if self-destruct were to fail the mine will self-deactivate because its battery will run down in two weeks or less.
In 2011, the number of landmines dispersed is higher than ever since 2004, landmines being dispersed in Libya, Syria, and Myanmar.
Human Rights Watch claims in its report that as of 18 November 2014, over 2,000 civilians were still in the Tel Shair corridor section of the mine belt because Turkey had been refusing entry for cars or livestock, and the refugees did not want to leave behind their belongings.
These meetings provide a forum to report on what has been accomplished, indicate where additional work is needed and seek any assistance they may require.
A recurrent opportunity for States to indicate their support for the ban on antipersonnel mines is their vote on the annual UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution calling for universalization and full implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty.
UNGA Resolution 66/29, for example, was adopted on 2 December 2011 by a vote of 162 in favor, none opposed, and 18 abstentions.
Since the first UNGA resolution supporting the Mine Ban Treaty in 1997, the number of states voting in favor has ranged from a low of 139 in 1999 to a high of 165 in 2010.
The number of states abstaining has ranged from a high of 23 in 2002 and 2003 to a low of 17 in 2005 and 2006.
that consistently abstained or were absent previously now vote in favor (Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Marshall Islands, Micronesia FS, Mongolia, Morocco, and Tonga).
The number of states abstaining from supporting the resolution has ranged from a high of 23 in 2002 and 2003 to a low of 17 in 2010, 2005 and 2006.
The group of states that could be described as most concerned about the security implications of the Mine Ban Treaty are the 15 states not party that have voted against consecutive resolutions since 1997: Cuba, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Libya (since 1998), Myanmar, North Korea (since 2007), Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, Syria, Uzbekistan (since 1999), the United States, and Vietnam (since 1998).
The Ottawa Anti-Personnel Mines Treaty would not likely have been possible without the sustained effort of thousands of global citizens writing their elected officials in the lead up to the treaty's creation and signing in 1997.
A small number of core groups mobilized on the landmines problem worked closely with a wider variety of NGOs, including churches, prominent children's and women's rights groups, disarmament and development groups, in order to produce concerted political pressure, as well as with the media to keep the issue in the forefront.
Because of this unparalleled involvement of the global public, and their success in lobbying for this initiative, university political science and law departments frequently study the socio-historical initiatives that led to the Ottawa process, arguing it is a leading modern example of the power of peaceful democratic expression and a method for mobilization on disarmament issues or more broadly.
The organization the International Campaign to Ban Landmines and its founding coordinator, Jody Williams, were instrumental in the passage of the Ottawa Treaty, and for these efforts they jointly received the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize.
However, since efforts to secure the treaty started over a decade before Williams involvement and the fact that the treaty was a joint effort of so many people from all over the world, including hundreds of influential political and private leaders, some felt that Williams should decline to personally benefit from the award of the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize.
Williams herself has said she feels the organization deserved the award while she did not, and emphasized the collective nature of the movement; as the chair of a group of female Peace Prize recipients, she has used her status as a Peace Prize recipient to bring concerns of woman-led grassroots organizations to the attention of governments.
He initiated the process by making the first draft of the future Treaty in April 1996 and succeeded to get this project and the proposed unorthodox procedure – to negotiate this Convention outside the Conference on Disarmament (CD) – adopted by the Ottawa Conference in October 1996 – in spite of nearly universal opposition.
But this meant in fact, that a total ban was postponed to a remote future: until practical efforts may have convinced one day Countries depending on APM’s for their defense, that APM’s are useless or counterproductive.
It was essential to delegitimize as soon as possible any use of APM’s by the adoption of an instrument of international law on a total ban of APM’s, because it would not only bind the Parties to the Convention but would also have at least a moral effect on Countries not Parties by clearly contradicting the idea that the use of APM’s is legal.
It was also essential to elaborate this Treaty in a free standing negotiating process outside the Conference on Disarmament (CD), as there mine-affected Countries not Members of the CD would be excluded and opponents of a total ban could block the project immediately, e. g. simply by denying consensus to put it on the agenda.
At the Ottawa Conference in October 1996 Dr. Ehrlich defended the project of a Total Ban Convention, against opponents of a total ban as well as even against leading humanitarian organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), which at the beginning saw the project as premature, as detraction or even as a waste of time.
Mines Action Canada grew out of the efforts of Canadian non-governmental agencies concerned about the rapidly spreading impact of landmines and cluster munitions.
The group was successful in garnering positive Canadian government attention to the call for a ban by mobilizing Canadians to demand action.
By 1996, sustained and growing citizen action led Minister Axworthy of the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade to collaborate with Mines Action Canada and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines.
This in turn led to the Government of Canada challenging other countries to negotiate and sign a treaty banning ban landmines within one year.
Mines Action Canada was hosted by Physicians for Global Survival, chaired by Valerie Warmington and coordinated by Celina Tuttle from the coalition's inception until after the treaty was signed.
In January 1997, Angola's population was approximately 10 million and had about 10–20 million land mines in place from its civil war.
When the Second Reading of the Landmines Bill took place in 1998 in the British House of Commons, Foreign Secretary Robin Cook praised Diana and paid tribute to her work on landmines.
In his Canadian Foreign Affairs portfolio (1996–2000), Lloyd Axworthy became internationally known (and criticized in some quarters) for his advancement of the concept of human security and including the Ottawa Treaty, and the creation of the International Criminal Court.
He participated in the Vietnam War as a young soldier, and after returning from Vietnam, Muller began to work for veterans' rights and became a peace activist.
Smith gave Lowell Mason the lyrics he had written and the song was first performed in public on July 4, 1831, at a children's Independence Day celebration at Park Street Church in Boston.
There is a handwritten note by Smith in the Louise Arner Boyd Collection archived by the Marin History Museum featuring all the original verses to the song with the additional stanza on the reverse of the notepaper.
Smith attended Harvard College (now Harvard University) from 1825 to 1829, and was a classmate of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. .He graduated in 1829 and subsequently attended Andover Theological Academy.
His ordination as a Baptist minister was on February 12, 1834, in Waterville, Maine, where in addition to his ministry, he served as Professor of Modern Languages at Waterville College.
He continued his ministry as well, becoming pastor of the First Baptist Church in Newton in the village of Newton Centre.
In Newton, Smith bought a house at 1181 Centre Street which had been built in 1836 and added on to in 1842.
After twelve years as pastor of the Newton Centre church, he became editorial secretary of the BMU and served there for fifteen years.
Smith was foster father for four years to teenager Thornton Chase, who, instead of entering college, left to become an officer in the Civil War.
Professor and author Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. recommended Smith as a potential candidate for an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Harvard University in 1893.
Samuel Francis Smith died suddenly on November 16, 1895, while on his way by train to preach in the Boston neighborhood of Readville and was buried in Newton Cemetery in Newton.
In 1958 a society was formed to buy and preserve it, though the home was damaged by fire in 1968 and again in 1969, leading to its being torn down.
A group of workmen's houses and a school were built on the harbour's north side, but these were reclaimed by the sea.
Steam ships continued to visit the harbour until the 1920s but, in later years, it evolved into a small half-tide harbour for recreational craft.
Information recorded in trade directories shows that in 1830, although it was not yet fully developed as a port, there were in Aberaeron one woollen manufacturer, one bootmaker, one baker, one corn miller, one blacksmith, one blacksmith and shovel maker, two shipwrights, one carpenter and one hat maker.
In the late 1890s, a hand-powered cable car, the Aeron Express, was built to ferry workers across the harbour when the bridge was demolished by floods.
The structure was recreated in 1988 as a tourist attraction that ran until the end of summer 1994, when it was closed under health and safety regulations.
The architecture of Aberaeron is unusual in this part of rural Wales, being constructed around a principal square of elegant Regency style buildings grouped around the harbour.
, a 12th-century ringwork fortification around a probable wooden structure was located by the shore at Aberaeron, but has long since been claimed by the sea.
Few traces remain today apart from some mounds of earth, the remains of the enclosure bank, most of the site having been eroded.
The first representative for Aberayron on the Cardiganshire County Council from 1889 was John Morgan Howell, who became a prominent figure in the political life of the county.
Aberaeron is located between Cardigan and Aberystwyth on the A487, at a junction with the A482 leading south-east to the university town of Lampeter.
However, Aberaeron can suffer from occasional winter frosts when cold air descends the Aeron valley from the upland parts of Ceredigion.
A life-sized statue of a Welsh cob stallion, sculpted by David Mayer, was donated to the town in 2005 by the festival.
Following the nationalisation of the railways, the passenger service to and from Aberaeron ceased in 1951 and to freight in 1965.
A regular bus service links the town with Aberystwyth, Lampeter and Carmarthen, with several daily through services to Swansea, Bridgend and Cardiff.
Rkatsiteli was popular in the Soviet Union prior to its fall and at one point was responsible for more the 18% of all Soviet wine production.
There were many attempts to create a sparkling wine from the grape but its naturally high alcohol levels prevented it from being much of a success.
The grape is mostly planted in its ancestral home of Georgia though there are still sizable plantings in other Eastern European countries like Russia, Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Macedonia, Azerbaijan and Ukraine.
It is also planted, in small amounts, in Australia and the eastern United States, mainly in the Finger Lakes region of New York state, Massachusetts, New Jersey and in Virginia and North Carolina .
The high acidity of the grape is prone to make the wines excessively tart so winemakers try to pick the grapes as late as possible in order to maximize the sugar balance to offset the acidity.
During Spanish rule, a saint’s name was added and the area became known as the port of San Luis de Apra.
It took the ports of Umatic and Central Hagatna's place during the 19th century when the ports of Piti and Sumay opened which was put into more frequent use.
From 1941 to 1944 during World War II Apra Harbor was under Japanese control and was fully used for repair and refueling of their submarines and warships.
Apra Harbor served military, civilian shipping needs, and included facilities for repair, supply, and fuel transfer for ships and nuclear submarines.
Today most of Apra Harbor is controlled by the U.S. Navy, but some ports remain public such as Sasa Bay, the Piti Channel and parts of Glass Breakwater.
The U.S. Navy has suggested the need for expansion of Apra Harbor, which is the largest deep water port in the Western Pacific and the busiest in Micronesia to allow the basing of additional ships in Guam as part of the Navy's shift to the Pacific.
Cajamarca (), also known by the Cajamarca Quechua name, Kashamarka, is the capital and largest city of the Cajamarca Region as well as an important cultural and commercial center in the northern Andes.
It is located in the northern highlands of Peru at approximately 2,750 m (8,900 ft) above sea level in the valley of the Mashcon river.
Among its tourist attractions, Cajamarca has numerous examples of Spanish colonial religious architecture, beautiful landscapes, pre-Hispanic archeological sites and hot springs at the nearby town of Baños del Inca (Baths of the Inca).
The history of the city is highlighted by the Battle of Cajamarca, which marked the defeat of the Inca Empire by Spanish invaders as the Incan emperor Atahualpa was captured and murdered here.
Huacaloma is an archaeological site located 3.5 km southeast of the historic center of the city of Cajamarca (currently in the middle of the Metropolitan Area of Cajamarca).
up to the Spanish conquest is remarkable, given the presence of powerful neighbors and the series of imperial expansions that reached this area.
It is known essentially only from its fine ceramics made with locally abundant white kaolin paste fired at high temperatures (over 1,000 °C).
They are found in much of the North Highlands as well as in yunka zones on both the Amazonian and Pacific sides of the Andes.
In fact, at least one Early Cajamarca high-prestige burial has been documented at the Moche site of San Jose de Moro (lower Jequetepeque), and a set of imported kaolin spoons has been found at the site of Moche, the city capital of the Southern Moche polity.
Moreover, the construction of the north coastal settlement of Cerro Chepen, a massive terraced mountain city-fortress in Moche territory is attributed to an apparent joint effort between Wari and Cajamarca polities to ruler over this area of Peru.
In 2004 a large building erected in Cerro Chepen mountain was excavated, said structure follows high-altitude Andean architectural models, which is tentatively interpreted as an elite residential structure.
Excavations have shown an unexpected association between Late Moche domestic ceramics and fine ceramics from the Cajamarca mountains inside the patios, galleries and rooms that make up the structure.
The evidence recovered in this building suggests the presence of highland officials in the heart of the Cerro Chepen Monumental Sector.
Scholars interpret this reduction in the number of settlements as the result of population reduction and/or dispersion, probably linked to the end of Wari influence in the region and the collapse of the EIP/MH regional polity organized around the center of Coyor in the Cajamarca Valley.
These centers have a larger number of clearly distinguishable elite residential units as well as a greater number of fine ceramics than any earlier sites.
At least the centers of the upper sections of the coastal valleys to the west probably benefited from their strategic location in relation first to Sican and later to Chimu.
Although Ccapac Yupanqui conquered the city of Cajamarca, the supply line was poorly made and controlled, as he traveled hastily to Cajamarca without building or conquering on much of the journey from central Peru, Ccapac Yupanqui believed Inca army's supply line of troops and supplies wasn't optimal and thus put at risk the Inca control over the newly acquired city of Cajamarca.
Incas remodeled Cajamarca following Inca canons of architecture, however, not much of it has survived since the Spanish did the same after conquering Cajamarca.
According to the chroniclers, Cuismanco, Guzmango or Kuismanku (modern Quechua spelling) was the political entity that ruled the Cajamarca area before the arrival of the Incas and was incorporated into the Inca dominion.
The kingdom or domain of Cuismanco belongs to the last phase of the Cajamarca Tradition and of all the nations of the northern mountains of Peru it was the one to achieve the highest social, political and cultural development.
Oral tradition records their title, Guzmango Capac – Guzmango being the name of the ethnic group or polity, while Capac signified a divine ruler whose forefathers displayed a special force, energy, and wisdom in ruling.
By the time the Spaniards began to ask about their history, the polity's residents (called Cajamarquinos today) could remember the names of only two brothers who had served as Guzmango Capac under the Incas.
There he received an education at court and, as a young adult, became the tutor of one of Inca Yupanqui's sons, Guayna Capac.
His wish was granted; and, as a sign of his esteem, Guayna Capac made him a gift of one hundred women, one of the highest rewards possible in the Inca empire.
In this way, Chuptongo established his house and lineage in the old town of Guzmango, fathered many children, and served as paramount lord until his death.
The struggle for the throne between the two half brothers Huascar and Atahualpa, sons of Guayna Capac, also divided the sons of Chuptongo.
During the civil war that broke out after Guayna Capac's death, Caruatongo, the oldest of Chuptongo's sons, sided with the northern forces of Atahualpa, while another son, Caruarayco, allied with Huascar, ruler of the south faction.
After arriving to Cajamarca, Francisco Pizarro receives news that Atahualpa is resting in Pultumarca, a nearby hot springs complex, Pizarro soon sent some of representatives under command of the young captain Hernando De Soto to invite the Inca to a feast.
The Inca Emperor was seated on his gold throne or usnu, with two of his concubines on both sides holding a veil that made only his silhouette recognizable.
In the final act of his demonstration, Hernando De Soto rode on horseback directly up to Atahualpa to intimidate him stopping at the last moment, however Atahualpa did not move or change his expression in the slightest.
Nevertheless, some of Atahualpa's retainers drew back and for it they were executed that day, after the Spanish committee returned to Cajamarca.
The following day, Atahualpa arrives in procession with his court and soldiers, although unarmed, Spanish accounts tell of the splendor shown by Atahulpa's display, in addition to musicians and dancers, Indians covered the Inca road on which their king would travel with hundreds of colorful flower petals, moreover, Atahualpa's retainers marched unison without speaking a word.
The Lord of Chicha's court was so opulent, even more than Atahualpa's, that the Spanish, most of them who did not meet Atahualpa until then, at first thought the Lord of Chicha was the Inca Emperor.
The Spanish Conquistadors and their Indian allies captured Atahualpa in the Battle of Cajamarca, where they also massacred several thousand unarmed Inca civilians and soldiers in an audacious surprise attack of cannon, cavalry, lances and swords.
Although Caruatongo left an heir (named Alonso Chuplingon, after his Christian baptism), his brother, Caruarayco, succeeded him as headman following local customs.
He remained a steadfast ally of the Spaniards during his lifetime, helping to convince the lords of the Chachapoyas people to submit to Spanish rule.
Felipe Caruarayco was paramount lord of the people of Guzmango, in the province of Cajamarca, under the authority of the Spaniard, Melchior Verdugo.
Documentation from that year described Felipe as the cacique principal of the province of Cajamarca and lord of Chuquimango, one of seven large lineages or guarangas (an administrative unit of one thousand households) that made up the polity.
His son, don Melchior Caruarayco, whom he favored to succeed him, was still too young to rule, so two relatives were designated as interim governors or regents: don Diego Zublian and don Pedro Angasnapon.
After his death, the people of Cajamarca asked the corregidor, don Pedro Juares de Illanez, to name don Melchior as their kuraka.
As the paramount Andean lord of Cajamarca, don Melchior was responsible for the guaranga of Guzmango and two more parcialidades (lineages or other groupings of a larger community): Colquemarca (later Espiritu Santo de Chuquimango) and Malcaden (later San Lorenzo de Malcadan.
This charge involved approximately five thousand adult males, under various lesser caciques; and, counting their families, the total population that he ruled approached fifty thousand.
Most of these mountain people, who lived dispersed in more than five hundred small settlements, subsisted by farming and by herding llamas.
During one of his many long trips down from the highlands to visit the nearest Spanish city, Trujillo, don Melchior was stricken by a serious illness.
Coming as he did from a relatively remote area where very few Spaniards resided, his will reflects traditional Andean conceptions of society and values before they were fundamentally and forever changed.
He claimed ten potters in the place of Cajamarca, a mayordomo or overseer from the parcialidad of Lord Santiago, a retainer from the parcialidad of don Francisco Angasnapon, and a beekeeper who lived near a river.
Don Melchior also claimed six servants with no specific residence and at least twenty-four corn farmers and twenty- two pages in the town of Contumasa.
Nine different subjects cared for his chili peppers and corn either in Cascas or near the town of Junba (now Santa Ana de Cimba?).
He also listed the towns of Gironbi and Guaento, whose inhabitants guarded his coca and chili peppers; Cunchamalca, whose householders took care of his corn; and another town called Churcan de Cayanbi.
This preoccupation of don Melchior with listing all of his retainers shows how strong Andean traditions remained in the Cajamarca region, even thirty years after the Spanish invasion.
The hatun curaca or huno apo, lord of ten thousand households, ranked higher than a guaranga curaca, the lord of one thousand.
The latter dominated the lord of one hundred Indians, a pachaca camachicoc, who in turn was superior to the overseers (mandones and mandoncillos) with responsibility for as few as five households.
Cajamarca is situated at 2750 m (8900 ft) above sea level on an inter-Andean valley irrigated by three main rivers: Mashcon, San Lucas and Chonta; the former two join together in this area to form the Cajamarca river.
Cajamarca is further north with a milder climate; the colonial builders used available stone rather than the clay of used in the coastal desert cities.
Cajamarca has six Christian churches of Spanish colonial style: San Jose, La Recoleta, La Immaculada Concepcion, San Antonio, the Cathedral and El Belen.
Although all were built in the seventeenth century, the latter three are the most outstanding due to their sculpted facades and ornamentation.
Plan: The plan of the cathedral is based on a basilica plan, (with a single apse, barrel vaults in the nave, a transept and sanctuary), but the traditional dome over the crossing has been omitted.
This city presents a semi-dry, temperate, semi-cold climate with presence of rainfall mostly on spring and summer (from October to March) with little or no rainfall the rest of the year.
January is the warmest month, with an average maximum temperature of 72 °F (22 °C) and an average minimum of 45 °F (7 °C).
The coldest months are June and July, both with an average maximum of 71 °F (21 °C) but with an average minimum of 38 °F (3 °C).
In recent years, the city has experienced a high rate of immigration from other provinces in the region and elsewhere in Peru, mainly due to the mining boom.
This phenomenon has caused the city's population to increase considerably, from an estimated 80,931 in 1981 to an estimated 283,767 in 2014, an increase of almost three times the population for 33 years.
Likewise, the city has recently entered into a conurbation process with the town of Baños del Inca (which by 2014 has more than 20,000 inhabitants in the urban area) and with some populated centers close to these cities.
Yanacocha is an active gold mining site 45 km north of Cajamarca, which has boosted the economy of the city since the 1990s.
The construction of a railway has been proposed to connect mining areas in the region to a harbor in the Pacific Ocean.
Some of the largest, most important schools in the city include Marcelino Champagnat School, Cristo Rey School, Santa Teresita School, and Juan XXIII School.
The city hosts two local universities: Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (National University of Cajamarca), a public university, while Universidad Antonio Guillermo Urrelo is a private one.
Five other universities have branches in Cajamarca: Universidad Antenor Orrego, Universidad San Pedro, Universidad Alas Peruanas, Universidad Los Angeles de Chimbote and Universidad Privada del Norte.
During late January and early February this turns into an all-out water war between men and women (mostly between the ages of 6 and 25) who use buckets of water and water balloons to douse members of the opposite sex.
This is a list of names for observable phenomena that contain the word effect, amplified by reference(s) to their respective fields of study.
Some secondary schools provide both lower secondary education and upper secondary education (levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale), but these can also be provided in separate schools, as in the American middle and high school system.
The first is the 'equivalent ages', then countries that base their education systems on the 'English model' use one of two methods to identify the year group, while countries that base their systems on the 'American K-12 model' refer to their year groups as 'grades'.
According to standards used in the United Kingdom, a general classroom for 30 students needs to be 55 m², or more generously 62 m².
The building providing the education has to fulfil the needs of: The students, the teachers, the non-teaching support staff, the administrators and the community.
It has to meet general government building guidelines, health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms, toilets and showers, electricity and services, preparation and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids.
It said the floor area should be 1050m² (+ 350m² if there is a sixth form) + 6.3m²/pupil place for 11- to 16-year-olds + 7m²/pupil place for post-16s.
In some countries there are two phases to secondary education (ISCED 2) and (ISCED 3), here the junior high school, intermediate school, lower secondary school, or middle school occurs between the primary school (ISCED 1) and high school.
The Severn footpathon the sea wallis part of the Severn Way that leads from Gloucester, Slimbridge and the Second Severn Crossing.
The village is part of the Filton and Bradley Stoke Parliamentary constituency and is represented by the Conservative MP, Jack Lopresti.
With its era as a holiday and pleasure resort ending in the 1970s, many of the shops have also closed however the convenience store and bakery still trade.
Severn Beach did have a dedicated Post Office at 103 Beach Road but has also closed and the PO is now housed a few doors away at the McColl's convenience store.
The Blue Lagoon swimming pool was demolished in the 1980s in favour of creating more open space and some housing plus part purchased by Northavon District Council to act as a sea defence when over-topping occurs from the River Severn.
It was during this time that the train station was demolished to make way for new housing leaving just the platform.
The boating lake has been filled in and landscaped and now also forms part of the sea defence and is now known as Sea Wall Gardens.
The Severn Bridges Visitor Centre was opened in 1998 following the completion of the Second Severn Crossing at the end of Shaft Road, off Green Lane.
Run by the Severn Bridges Trust and housing an exhibition showing the history of the river crossings using interactive displays, video films, pictures, models and descriptions, it closed in 2008.
The coastline at Severn Beach is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and has a diverse range of wildlife, varying from seals to peregrine falcons.
There have been more than 251 species of bird recorded in the Severn Beach area and it is of international importance for migrating and wintering birds.
As of 1990, 28 species of seabird had been recorded in the Severn Beach/New Passage area, including sooty and Balearic shearwaters, all four Northern Hemisphere skuas, seven species of tern and four species of alcid.
The line used to loop northwards to join the main Cardiff to Bristol line at Pilning railway station in the direction of Bristol, but this section was closed in 1964 and the trackbed has been built over.
Train services are operated by Great Western Railway; 11 trains per weekday with an average journey time between Severn Beach and Bristol Temple Meads railway station of 41 minutes.
The village is close to the A403 road that runs from junction 1 of the M48 motorway at Aust to the docks at Avonmouth.
Severn Beach with substantial development at Western Approach and new energy recovery centres on the main Severn Road (A403), is now a very busy area with heavy traffic which will be somewhat relieved of congestion when the new M49 junction at Farm Lane (located to the south of the Western Approach Distribution Park and west of the village of Easter Compton) is opened in late 2019/early 2020.
The village is currently once again served by buses by 'Stagecoach West' going via Pilning, Easter Compton, Cribbs Causeway, Little Stoke, Bristol Parkway to the University of the West of England Campus.
For any non-zero polynomial formula_6 over the complex numbers in one variable, the solution set is made up of finitely many points.
The offending team may not replace the player on the ice (although there are some exceptions, such as fighting), leaving them short-handed as opposed to full strength.
The first codified rules of hockey, known as the Halifax Rules, were brought to Montreal by James Creighton, who organized the first indoor hockey game in 1875.
Revised rules in 1886 mandated that any player in violation of these rules would be given two warnings, but on a third offence would be removed from the game.
By 1914, all penalties were five minutes in length, reduced to three minutes two years later, and the offending player was given an additional fine.
When the National Hockey League (NHL) was founded in 1917, it mandated that a team could not substitute for any player who was assessed a penalty, thus requiring them to play shorthanded for the duration.
The penalty was shortened to two minutes for the 1921–22 season, while five- and ten-minute penalties were added two years later.
Both the NHL and the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) recognize the common penalty degrees of minor and major penalties, as well as the more severe misconduct, game misconduct, and match penalties.
In rare cases, when the offending player suffers an injury on the same play, whoever is on the ice at the time of the penalty may also serve the penalty, as was the case of Game 2 of the Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals' series during the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs, when Phil Kessel served a penalty in place of Tom Kühnhackl.
If they score a goal during this time, the penalty will end and the offending player may return to the ice.
The NHL changed this rule following the 1955–56 season where the Montreal Canadiens frequently scored multiple goals on one power play.
Most famous was a game on November 5, 1955, when Jean Béliveau scored three goals in 44 seconds, all on the same power play, in a 4–2 victory over the Boston Bruins.
In some leagues, such as the NHL, the teams will play four-on-four for the duration of the penalties if they occurred when both teams were at even strength.
However, if there is already a manpower differential, then both teams are allowed to make substitutions while the penalized players will remain in the penalty box until the first stoppage in play after their penalty expires.
If a team scores a power play goal during such a penalty, only the current block of two minutes being counted down is cancelled; the penalty clock is then reset to the next lowest interval of two minutes (ex.
Expiration rules of double- or triple-minor penalties due to goals being scored are identical to that of regular minor penalties being served back-to-back.
Most infractions which incur a major penalty are more severe instances of minor penalty infractions; one exception is fighting, which always draws a major.
A player who receives a major penalty will remain off the ice for five minutes of play during which his team will be short-handed.
A major penalty cannot end early even if a goal is scored against the short-handed team, unless the goal is scored during an overtime period (which ends the game).
If major penalties are assessed to one player on each team at the same time, they may be substituted for, and teams will not be reduced by one player on the ice.
The penalized players will remain in the penalty box until the first stoppage of play following the end of the penalties.
Starting with the 2019-20 season, NHL referees are required to use on-ice video review for all major (non-fighting) penalties in order to either confirm the call or reduce the call to a minor penalty.
Under IIHF rules, every major penalty carries an automatic game misconduct penalty; in other competitions, earning three major penalties in a game results in a game misconduct penalty, though a number of infractions that result in a major penalty automatically impose a game misconduct as well.
If an additional penalty is incurred with a misconduct penalty, the times run concurrently (simultaneously), with another eligible player serving the other penalty in the offender's place to enforce a disadvantage.
For example, if a player receives a 2-minute minor plus a misconduct for boarding, two players will be sent to the penalty box: the offender and a teammate of his, frequently one who was on the ice at the time.
Once the boarding penalty ends, the teammate can return to the ice, and both teams are at full strength again while the offender remains in the penalty box until the first stoppage in play after his/her ten minutes have elapsed.
In the event the other penalty is a major, most adult leagues allow deferring placing the substitute player into the penalty box so long as he is in place before the major penalty expires (but the team must still play shorthanded).
In such cases, only a player from the penalty box can emerge in place of the offender after the end of the major penalty.
They are sometimes also assessed in conjunction with fighting majors, giving the offending player(s) the opportunity to calm down as they sit out their ten minutes.
A player (whether a skater or goaltender) or any member of any team's coaching staff who receives a game misconduct penalty is ejected, and is sent to the team's dressing room.
The player may be immediately substituted for on the ice; however, in practice, game misconduct penalties are often assessed as an addition to a particularly egregious infraction that has also earned the player a two-minute minor penalty or (more often) a five-minute major penalty, in which case another player will serve this penalty in place of the ejected player.
Regardless of the time during the game that the penalty is given, the player is charged with ten penalty minutes (twenty in the IIHF rules) for statistical purposes for the game misconduct.
In most leagues, the referee has the discretion to call a game misconduct on a player charged with boarding due to the likelihood of injury to the boarded player.
However, in the NHL, if a boarded player suffers a head or facial injury (a concussion risk), the offending player receives an automatic game misconduct.
Any player who is dismissed twice for stick infractions, boarding or checking from behind, or dismissed three times for any reason, in a single NHL regular season incurs an automatic one-match ban, and further discipline is possible for subsequent ejections.
Salary lost as a result of a ban is usually donated to a league-supported charity or to a program to assist retired players.
Examples of a game misconduct penalty include getting out of the penalty box before the penalty time is served, trying to join or attempt to break up a fight [third man in] or earning a second misconduct penalty in the same game.
NHL referees are required to use on-ice video review for all match penalties in order to either confirm the call or reduce the call to a minor penalty.
The team of the offending player must choose a substitute player to place in the box from any of the eligible players, excluding the goaltender.
The substitute serves a five-minute penalty similar to a major penalty (except in overtime, goals scored against the penalized team do not end the penalty early).
If the goaltender receives a match penalty, another player serves the time so that the team may immediately insert a backup.
In most cases, offending players are suspended from the next game their team plays, and often face hearings with the possibility of a lengthier ban.
However, a match penalty carries a larger fine, and the offending player is suspended indefinitely until the Commissioner rules on the issue.
In NCAA hockey, a similar penalty called a game disqualification results in automatic suspension for the number of games equal to the number of game disqualification penalties the player has been assessed in that season.
A penalty shot is a special case of penalty for cases in which a scoring opportunity was lost as a result of an infraction (like being tripped or hooked while on a breakaway; or a player other than the goaltender covers the puck with his hand inside the crease).
The player who was deprived of the opportunity (in cases the infraction was against him, for example, on breakaways), or one chosen by the team (in cases where the infraction is not against a specific player), is allowed an unchallenged opportunity to score on the opposing goaltender as compensation.
If the infraction occurred when the penalized team has pulled their goalie and the infraction occurs during a breakaway, a goal is immediately awarded to the other team rather than a penalty shot.
Regardless of whether or not the penalty shot is successful, the penalty is now treated as if a goal had been scored during that penalty; a minor penalty is negated, and a double-minor is reduced to a regular minor.
Apart from their use as a penalty, penalty shots also form the shootout that is used to resolve ties in many leagues and tournaments.
It was imposed for an action of extreme unsportsmanlike conduct, such as abuse of officials or spectators, and could be assessed to any team official in addition to a player.
The penalty had last been assessed in 2006 on Atlanta Thrashers coach Bob Hartley due to post-game comments made regarding referee Mick McGeough's blown call during a game versus Edmonton.
The Phoenix Coyotes' Shane Doan was the last player to be given a gross misconduct penalty in 2005 for alleged ethnic slurs directed at French-Canadian referees (later investigated and subsequently cleared by the NHL).
The official will initially put an arm in the air to signal a penalty; the official will stop play only once the offending team has control of the puck, or play is stopped by normal means.
Because the play will stop immediately upon the offending team gaining control of the puck, the goaltender of the non-offending team will often go to the players' bench upon seeing the arm signal to allow an extra attacker on the ice until the play is stopped.
Because the offending team will not be able to take a shot on goal before the play is stopped, this is generally seen as a risk-free play.
However, there have been instances in which the non-offending team accidentally puts the puck into their own net, usually on a failed backwards pass.
In the NHL, if the non-offending team scores a goal in a delayed penalty situation, then it is treated as if a goal was scored during that penalty.
If the delayed penalty is a double-minor, only the first two-minute block is waved off, and the offending player must still serve the second time block.
These rules used to be in college hockey as well, until the 2010-2011 season, when it was changed so that the penalty would still be imposed even if a goal was scored.
Major penalties, misconduct penalties and match penalties, which are not affected by goals, are enforced in the usual manner, in both college hockey and the NHL, whether or not a goal is scored.
Typically a team will not be allowed to replace the penalized player on the ice; the player will return directly to the ice once the penalty has expired.
In leagues which play with a shorthanded overtime (with only three or four attackers on the ice), should a team be penalized with only three players on the ice, an additional skater is added to the other team instead, until a five-on-three is produced.
If a penalty in this situation expires without a goal being scored, the penalized player will be allowed back on the ice and will play normally until there is a stoppage; both teams will then be reduced back to the correct numbers.
Ending coincidental penalties produce a similar situation, with both teams playing with additional players until play is stopped, allowing teams to be reduced again.
While goaltenders can be assessed penalties, a goaltender cannot go to the penalty box and the penalty must be instead served by another player from their team who was on the ice at the time of the infraction (the PIM will be charged to the goaltender).
While a team is short-handed, they are permitted to ice the puck as they wish, without having the icing infraction called against them.
This exemption does not apply to teams whose opponents have pulled their goaltender for an extra attacker (unless the defending team is killing a penalty at the same time).
This means that the new penalty will start when one of the already-penalized players causing the disadvantage is allowed back onto the ice, whether the time expires or the opposing team scores on the power play.
This also means that the player whose penalty expires first out of the three must wait for a stoppage in play, or the expiration of the second penalty, before leaving the penalty box so that it is appropriately 5 on 3, 5 on 4, and 5 on 5 in succession for each respective situation.
Penalties that allow for immediate substitution (certain coincidental penalties and misconduct penalties) do not produce a disadvantage and thus do not count for stacked penalties.
Stacked penalties still apply in shorthanded overtimes because two penalties still result in a five-on-three situation regardless of the initial lineup due to the rules allowing an extra attacker as needed.
For example, most adult social leagues and women's hockey leagues ban all body checking (a penalty for roughing or illegal check is called), and in most amateur leagues, any head contact whatsoever results in a penalty.
The foul of moving the goalposts is handled differently from league to league; it has historically been a penalty shot, but after David Leggio began deliberately committing the foul to disrupt scoring opportunities, the American Hockey League declared such an act to be a game misconduct and the Deutsche Eishockey Liga automatically awarded the goal.
Hockey players that opt to commit an infraction despite the punishment do so in order to degrade the opposing team's morale or momentum, or boost their own.
Hockey players also sometimes commit infractions with the hope of drawing the other player into committing a retaliatory infraction, and being penalized, while not being caught themselves.
An example is Sean Avery, who was renowned in his ability to goad opponents into taking penalties as well as making other fundamental mistakes.
Another common reason to commit an infraction is as last resort when an opposing player has a scoring opportunity, when a penalty kill is the preferable alternative to the scoring opportunity.
Players renowned for their fighting or for being dirty players will usually lead their team in PIM and have such statistics highlighted by the media.
The record for the most penalty minutes in one season is held by Dave Schultz of the Philadelphia Flyers, with 472 in the 1974–75 NHL season.
The most penalties in a single game occurred in a fight-filled match between the Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Flyers on March 5, 2004, when 419 penalty minutes were handed out.
In rare cases (as a result of multiple infractions, for instance the player participating in multiple fights), multiple game misconducts may be handed to a player — that is merely statistical, not (automatically) a multi-game suspension, although the league will often suspend the player in a subsequent decision.
The conflict started during pre-game warm-ups when Darcy Verot intentionally shot a puck at Lasse Kukkonen forcing Alexander Svitov to stand up for his teammate.
Soon after the game started, Brandon Sugden challenged Svitov to another fight, which then involved all other eight skaters on the ice.
The officials had to suspend the game just after 3:39 in the first period, as there were only four players left to play the game.
The Kontinental Hockey League imposed heavy fines on both teams, some players and the head coaches as well as disqualifying six of Vityaz's players and Avangard's Dmitry Vlasenkov, who was first to leave the bench during a fight.
A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company that is owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company, parent, or holding company.
In the United States railroad industry, an operating subsidiary is a company that is a subsidiary but operates with its own identity, locomotives and rolling stock.
In contrast, a non-operating subsidiary would exist on paper only (i.e., stocks, bonds, articles of incorporation) and would use the identity of the parent company.
Examples include holding companies such as Berkshire Hathaway, Jefferies Financial Group, WarnerMedia, or Citigroup; as well as more focused companies such as IBM or Xerox.
For this reason, they differ from divisions, which are businesses fully integrated within the main company, and not legally or otherwise distinct from it.
In other words, a subsidiary can sue and be sued separately from its parent and its obligations will not normally be the obligations of its parent.
However, creditors of an insolvent subsidiary may be able to obtain a judgment against the parent if they can pierce the corporate veil and prove that the parent and subsidiary are mere alter egos of one another, therefore any copyrights, trademarks, and patents remain with the subsidiary until the parent shuts down the subsidiary.
One of the ways of controlling a subsidiary is achieved through the ownership of shares in the subsidiary by the parent.
These shares give the parent the necessary votes to determine the composition of the board of the subsidiary, and so exercise control.
There are, however, other ways that control can come about, and the exact rules both as to what control is needed, and how it is achieved, can be complex (see below).
A parent and all its subsidiaries together are called a corporate, although this term can also apply to cooperating companies and their subsidiaries with varying degrees of shared ownership.
Conversely, the parent may be larger than some or all of its subsidiaries (if it has more than one), as the relationship is defined by control of ownership shares, not the number of employees.
Not only is it possible that they could conceivably be competitors in the marketplace, but such arrangements happen frequently at the end of a hostile takeover or voluntary merger.
Also, because a parent company and a subsidiary are separate entities, it is entirely possible for one of them to be involved in legal proceedings, bankruptcy, tax delinquency, indictment or under investigation while the other is not.
Control can be direct (e.g., an ultimate parent company controls the first-tier subsidiary directly) or indirect (e.g., an ultimate parent company controls second and lower tiers of subsidiaries indirectly, through first-tier subsidiaries).
Recital 31 of Directive 2013/34/EU stipulates that control should be based on holding a majority of voting rights, but control may also exist where there are agreements with fellow shareholders or members.
In certain circumstances, control may be effectively exercised where the parent holds a minority or none of the shares in the subsidiary.
A subsidiary can have only one parent; otherwise, the subsidiary is, in fact, a joint arrangement (joint operation or joint venture) over which two or more parties have joint control (IFRS 11 para 4).
Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
And also it can be a very useful part of the company that allows every head of the company to apply new projects and latest rules.
A sexual inhibition is a conscious or subconscious constraint or curtailment by a person of behavior relating to specific sexual matters or practices or of a discussion of sexual matters.
Though a person can be regarded as being sexually inhibited if they irrationally fear of or are excessively averse to any sexual practice or discourse, the term is normally not applied to a person who refrains from certain sexual activities on moral and rational grounds or due to a psychological disorder.
On the other hand, a person can be regarded as having low sexual inhibitions when they welcome a variety of non-conventional erotic practices.
Hypersexuality is typically associated with lowered sexual inhibitions, and alcohol and some drugs can affect a person's social and sexual inhibitions.
It has been considered taboo, or at least discouraged, in many cultures and parts of the world, especially with regard to fellatio.
Others find it less intimate because it is not a face-to-face practice, or believe that it is a humiliating or unclean practice; that it is humiliating or unclean are opinions that are, in some cases, connected with the symbolism attached to different parts of the body.
The belief that all women who have sex with women engage in oral sex (i.e., cunnilingus) is a misconception; some lesbian or bisexual women dislike cunnilingus due to not liking the experience or due to psychological or social factors, such as finding it unclean.
Lesbian couples are more likely to consider a woman's dislike of cunnilingus as a problem than heterosexual couples are, and it is common for them to seek therapy to overcome inhibitions regarding it.
A female who cannot conceive by normal means and requires assistance to conceive may be constrained by social and sexual inhibitions and taboos from accepting a sperm donor or a friend to perform an intravaginal insemination, and the friend may be similarly inhibited; the friend may opt instead for the more expensive and arduous artificial insemination.
For example, a person may feel comfortable being nude only during a sexual activity, and then only with subdued lighting, or covered by a sheet or blanket.
There is also a Muskoka River in Nancy Drew's fictional home town of River Heights, located somewhere in the Midwestern United States.
Morton, split into Upper and Lower Morton, are areas of farmland to the north east of Thornbury, in South Gloucestershire, England.
Honda was also a lifelong friend and collaborator of Akira Kurosawa, and worked with Kurosawa extensively during the 1980s and 1990s.
Honda was born in Asahi, Yamagata (now part of the city of Tsuruoka) and was the fifth and youngest child of Hokan and Miho Honda.
Honda's father and grandfather were both Buddhist monks at Churen-ji, a temple in Mount Yudono, where the Hondas lived in a dwelling on the temple's property.
Honda's father earned income during the summers by selling devotions in Iwate Prefecture, Akita Prefecture, and Hokkaido and would return home before the winter.
Takamoto, who became a military doctor, encouraged Honda to study and sent him scientific magazines to help, which started Honda's love for reading and scientific curiosity.
In 1912, the Hondas moved to Tokyo where they settled in the Takaido neighborhood of the Suginami ward and where Hokan became the chief priest at a Buddhist temple.
Though he was an honors student back home, Honda's grades declined in Tokyo and in middle school; he struggled with subjects involving equations such as chemistry, biology, and algebra.
After his father transferred to another temple, Honda enrolled in the Tachibana Elementary school in Kawasaki and later in Kogyokusha Junior High where Honda studied kendo, archery, and athletic swimming but quit after tearing his Achilles tendon.
Rather than having a traditional wedding ceremony, the two simply signed papers at city hall, paid their respects at Meiji Shrine, and went home.
Honda's brother, Takamoto, had hoped for Honda to become a dentist and join his clinic in Tokyo but instead, Honda applied at Nihon University for their art department's film major program and was accepted in 1931.
The film department was a pilot program, which resulted in disorganized poor conditions for the class and cancelations from the teacher every so often.
While this forced other students to quit, Honda instead used the cancelled periods to watch films at theaters, where he took personal notes.
Honda and four of his classmates rented a room in Shinbashi, a few kilometers from their university, where they would gather after school to discuss films.
Honda eventually completed his studies while working at the studio and became an assistant director, which required him to be a scripter in the editing department.
Honda was then called to duty in January 1935 and was enlisted into the First Division, First Infantry Regiment in Tokyo.
In 1936, Honda's former commanding officer, Yasuhide Kurihara, launched a coup against the civilian government, what would be called the February 26 Incident.
Though Honda had no involvement with the coup, everyone associated with Kurihara were considered dangerous and the brass wanted them gone and as a result, Honda and his regiment were sent to Manchukuo in 1936, under questionable pretense.
Honda would have completed his 18 remaining months of service had it not been for the coup and would be recalled to service again and again for the remainder of the war.
Having already risen in rank, Honda was able to visit his wife and daughter in the hospital but had to leave afterwards immediately to China.
Honda would then return home in December 1942, only to find that PCL (now rebranded as Toho by that point) were forced to produce propaganda to support the war effort.
The government took control of the Japanese film industry in 1939, modeling the passage of motion picture laws after Nazi policies where scripts and films were reviewed so they supported the war effort and filmmakers noncompliant were punished or worse.
He was assigned to head for the Philippines but his unit missed the boat and were sent back to China instead.
Honda was eventually captured by the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and relocated to an area between Beijing and Shanghai for a year before the war ended.
During his imprisonment, Honda stated to have been treated well and was even befriended by the locals and temple monks, who offered him to stay permanently but Honda respectfully refused in favor of finding his wife and children.
When the battle ended, Honda later returned to retrieve the shell and took it back home to Japan where he placed it on top of his desk in his private study until his death.
Honda then returned home in March 1946, however, throughout most of his life, even as an old man, Honda would have nightmares about the war two or three times a year.
Kunio Watanabe tried to convince Honda to join Shintoho, with the promise of Honda becoming a director quicker, however, Honda chose to remain neutral and stayed at Toho.
Honda had commissioned a camera technician colleague who designed and built an air-tight, waterproof, metal-and-glass housing for a compact 35 millimeter camera.
It was also written by Honda, with the production overseen by Jin Usami and with the support of the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Toho then chose not to proceed with the project after finding Honda's script, which openly criticized leaders of World War II, to be too grim and realistic.
Released on 3 August 1951, it was one of the first Japanese feature films to utilize underwater photography and the first studio film to be shot in the Ise-Shima region.
After retiring as a director, Honda returned more than 30 years later to work again for his old friend and former mentor Akira Kurosawa as a directorial advisor, production coordinator and creative consultant on his last five films.
This statement alone would give fans the impression that his intent was to give all kaiju a distinct personality instead of just being a monster-on-the-loose.
The central plotline of the episode involves Tagumo, a creature that Ishirō has written, which becomes a reality due to a magic book.
A longtime teacher, Vogel spent the bulk of her academic career – from 1984 to 2008 – at Brown University, where she served as Adele Kellenberg Seaver Professor in Creative Writing, oversaw its playwriting program, and helped found the Brown/Trinity Rep Consortium.
From 2008 to 2012, Vogel was Eugene O'Neill Professor of Playwriting and department chair at the Yale School of Drama, as well as playwright in residence at the Yale Repertory Theatre.
Vogel was born in Washington, D.C. to Donald Stephen Vogel, an advertising executive, and Phyllis Rita (Bremerman), a secretary for the United States Postal Service Training and Development Center.
She attended Bryn Mawr College from 1969 to 1970 and 1971 to 1972, and is a graduate of The Catholic University of America (BA, 1974) and Cornell University (MA, 1976; PhD, 2016).
The play premiered in April 1988 at Theatre Network in Edmonton, Canada and 25th Street Theatre in Saskatoon, Canada, directed by Tom Bentley-Fisher.
Subsequent productions include a reading at Brown University in April 1990 and a production by Company One in Hartford, Connecticut in October 1991.
The play was nominated for the 2013 Lucille Lortel Award, Outstanding Director (Landau) and Outstanding Costume Design, (Toni-Leslie James) and won the Lortel Award for Outstanding Lighting Design (Scott Zielinski).
The play premiered Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre, running from April 27, 2016 (previews), officially on May 17, 2016 and closing on June 19, 2016.
The Off-Broadway cast, featuring Adina Verson and Katrina Lenk, reprised their roles in the Broadway production, with additional cast including Ben Cherry, Andrea Goss, and Eleanor Reissa.
The play was nominated for the 2017 Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Play and Outstanding Lighting Design for a Play (Christopher Akerlind).
Although no particular theme or topic dominates her work, she often examines traditionally controversial issues such as sexual abuse and prostitution.
Her work embraces theatrical devices from across several traditions, incorporating, in various works, direct address, bunraku puppetry, omniscient narration, and fantasy sequences.
Critic David Finkel finds this breadth in Vogel's career to be reflective of a general tendency toward stylistic reinvention from work to work.
Vogel, a renowned teacher of playwriting, counts among her former students Susan Smith Blackburn Prize-winner Bridget Carpenter, Obie Award-winner Adam Bock, MacArthur Fellow Sarah Ruhl, and Pulitzer Prize-winners Nilo Cruz, Lynn Nottage, and Quiara Alegría Hudes.
During her two decades leading the graduate playwriting program and new play festival at Brown University, Vogel helped develop a nationally-recognized center for educational theatre, culminating in the creation of the Brown/Trinity Repertory Company Consortium with Oskar Eustis, then Trinity's artistic director, in 2002.
She left Brown in 2008 to assume her positions as adjunct professor and the Chair of the playwriting department at Yale School of Drama, which she held until 2012, and the Playwright-in-Residence at Yale Repertory Theatre.
She is currently the Eugene O'Neill Professor (adjunct) of Playwriting at Yale School of Drama and playwright-in-residence at the Yale Repertory Theatre, as well as an artistic associate at Long Wharf Theatre.
Subsequent to her Obie Award for Best Play (1992) and Pulitzer Prize in Drama (1998), Vogel received the Award for Literature from The American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2004.
In 2016, Vogel successfully completed and defended her doctoral thesis at Cornell University, more than 40 years after she began her graduate work.
In 2015 Paula Vogel's literary archive was obtained by the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, and she became the first female playwright included in the library's Yale Collection of American Literature.
The river was named for Fort Sainte-Marie, a French-built fort which was later taken over and destroyed by the British, and is renowned for its angling and its run of wild Atlantic salmon.
Over the past decades the population of Atlantic salmon has decreased dramatically, and fishing of Atlantic salmon is strictly prohibited, as is catch and release.
The St. Mary's River is home to hundreds of different wildlife species, from the smallest insects to the many different predators.
The St. Mary's River has a length of over and has three main branches, the east branch, the west branch, and the north branch.
The St. Mary's River is home to the famous Atlantic Salmon, but as listed above they are no longer allowed to be fished due to their critically low population.
The river is also home to bald eagles which make their home on old dead trees along the St. Mary's River, because of the food that await in the water below.
If you are lucky, you may get to see one perched on an old tree as you drive along the St. Mary's River.
Surveys have been done along the St. Mary's River to learn the wood turtle population, their diet, habitat, and breeding grounds.
A common species of fish to see in the river and its many estuaries is the Speckled Brook Trout, which as makes its home in sheltered waters and underneath logs that have fallen in the brooks.
Charles Baye de La Giraudière established a fort along the banks of the St. Mary's River in 1650, named Fort Sainte-Marie.
A schoolhouse was established in the community in 1815 and by 1818, two sawmills, a gristmill and a post office were present in the community, along with about twenty houses.
Miners came from all over Canada and the United States to stake a claim in the gold of the Sherbrooke area.
St. Mary's Memorial Hospital was opened on September 28, 1949 and St. Mary's Rural High School opened on November 14, 1953.
Sherbrooke has a Chinese/Canadian restaurant, a Shoppers Drug Mart, an Irving gas station, an RBC bank, an RCMP detachment, a Nova Scotia Liquor Commission store, and St. Mary's Memorial Hospital, which serves the District of St. Mary's.
Sherbrooke is the site of an important regional heritage site and tourist attraction known as Sherbrooke Village, an open-air museum depicting village life in the late 19th century.
Founded in 1969 and part of the Nova Scotia Museum system, Sherbrooke Village employs a significant number of local residents, estimated to around 100 full-time and seasonal workers.
There are approximately 30 historic buildings including a working blacksmith shop, a pottery shop, a water powered lumber mill, which is located off site, a tea room (restaurant), and several animal barns which contain sheep, horses, cow, chickens, turkeys, and peafowl or peacocks.
It is open in the summer months from June to October and at select times during the rest of the year.
After graduating from high school in 1987, he attended the University of Chicago, where he was a member of Off-Off Campus, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1991.
The play was developed at the Eugene O’Neill Playwrights Conference and presented at the Sullivan Project at the University of Illinois in February 2014.
The road, known locally as Over Lane, abuts to the east a ridge which overlooks the Severn floodplain, dominated by Bristol Golf Club or Course.
A similar deer park was higher and to the north at Knole Park, the house of which was centred on a small knoll which was a fortified roman camp.
Most of its grounds have been replaced by a large brick quarry, Springwood Nurseries and Almondsbury's paired garden centres which are notable for large outdoor areas.
Beyond the clustered settlement, before the lane climbs to the north it passes over the London to South Wales Main Line, a railway emerging from Patchway Tunnel before heading across the Severn floodplain to the Severn Tunnel.
Its main station is Bristol Parkway station a few miles to the southeast; however via mainly rural, linear Easter Compton parish or footpaths and tiny lanes which follow the line closely Pilning railway station is a picturesque walk about away.
In 2015 Pilning it was the sixth least used station in the UK — 68 passenger entries/exits recorded for the year.
Tony Fletcher (born 27 April 1964) is a British music journalist best known for his biographies of drummer Keith Moon and the band R.E.M..
Founded in 1977 the magazine began as a school-printed fanzine and in 1978, with the fifth issue, featuring interviews with Paul Weller, Adam Ant and John Peel, adopted professional printing and wider distribution.
featured interviews with a range of artists that included Pete Townshend, Aztec Camera, Dexys Midnight Runners, The Damned, Delta 5, The Jam, Bill Nelson, Scritti Politti, The Selecter, The Beat, Dead Kennedys and more.
Artists featured in this later phase included The Smiths, U2, Billy Bragg, Julian Cope, Lloyd Cole, the Cocteau Twins, Echo and the Bunnymen, R.E.M., The Specials, Everything But The Girl, Madness and more.
in 1983, and networked with post-punk figures including Paul Weller and Echo & the Bunnymen, the latter being the subject of his first book, published in 1987.
In New York Fletcher established himself as a DJ, club promoter and music industry consultant, all the while settling down as a serious scholar of contemporary music history, authoring a guide to the music of The Clash, plus major biographies of R.E.M.
With the advent of the Internet in the 90s Fletcher returned to topical writing, with his iJamming.net website, adding wine to his musical interests.
This is the same notion as a weak derivative, however, a function can have a weak derivative and not be differentiable.
In this case, we have the somewhat surprising result that a function is weakly harmonic if and only if it is harmonic.
WWWQ (99.7 FM) – branded as Q99-7 – is a commercial contemporary hit radio (CHR) radio station licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, serving the Atlanta metropolitan area.
The WWWQ studios are located in the Atlanta suburb of Sandy Springs, while the station transmitter resides in Atlanta's Druid Hills neighborhood.
The WWWQ-HD2 digital subchannel airs a modern rock format, while the WWWQ-HD3 digital subchannel airs a classic hip-hop format; both simulcast over low-power FM translators.
It was owned by Atlanta FM Broadcasters and had an easy listening format, playing 15 minute sweeps of instrumental cover versions of popular songs, along with Hollywood and Broadway showtunes.
It was a rock & roll oldies specialty show, heard from 8 to 10 p.m., originating live from a restaurant in Sandy Springs.
Around 1980, the playlist was approximately 50% vocals and 50% instrumentals; over time, the station gradually eliminated the instrumentals, switching to Soft Adult Contemporary.
During the 1979-80 NHL season, WLTA served as the flagship station of the Atlanta Flames hockey team in their final season before being sold and moved to Calgary.
99X became one of the most influential alternative rock stations in the United States, and played a key role in breaking numerous acts during its early years.
Over the next 20 months, Cumulus continued to support WNNX's alternative rock format, despite a noticeable decline in the Arbitron ratings.
The current format for WWWQ originated in 2001 on 100.5 FM, when that frequency was reallocated to the Atlanta radio market from Anniston, Alabama.
Almondsbury is a large village near junction 16 of the M5 motorway, in South Gloucestershire, England, and a civil parish which also includes the villages of Hortham, Gaunt's Earthcott, Over, Easter Compton, Compton Greenfield, Hallen and Berwick.
The electoral ward of Almondsbury covers the same area as the civil parish, stretching from Gaunt's Earthcott east of the M5 motorway south west to Hallen on the boundary with Bristol.
South Wales, the Forest of Dean, the River Severn and both Severn Bridges are visible from the higher parts of the village.
Parts of this whitewashed-stone inn were originally the three cottages erected in 1146 to house the monks building the adjacent church of St Mary the Virgin.
In 1817, a woman purporting to be Princess Caraboo was found in the town, in what was to become one of the more elaborate deceptions of the period.
Another pub, The Swan Inn, is located on the A38, in the upper part of the village, almost opposite an open space known as Almondsbury Tump.
In March 2009 a community shop was opened in the village by the not-for-profit Almondsbury Community Services Association (ACSA), situated opposite the Old School Hall at 14 Church Road.
A helicopter base is currently in development next to the Almondsbury Interchange as a new home for NPAS Filton and the Great Western Air Ambulance.
When it was originally created in 1866 the civil parish also included Patchway, but not Easter Compton, Compton Greenfield, Hallen, Cribbs Causeway or Charlton, all of which were transferred from the parish of Henbury in 1935.
The Italian football league system, also known as the Italian football pyramid, refers to the hierarchically interconnected league system for the association football in Italy.
It consists of nine national and regional tournaments, the first three being professional, while the remaining six are amateur, set up by the Italian Football Federation.
While this may be unlikely in practice (at the very least, in the short run), there certainly is significant movement within the pyramid.
The Genoa Cricket and Athletic Club, later known as the Genoa Cricket and Football Club was established on 7 September 1893, Italy's fourth oldest football team (after Torino F.C.C., Nobili Torino and Internazionale Torino), and the oldest active Italian football team, with 13 decades of activity.
After World War II the league briefly returned to a regional structure with a north-south divide and a play-off for a single year before Serie A was restored.
However, it is Juventus, Milan and Internazionale that have dominated the league since World War II, having won the title in 57 of the 74 seasons.
In 2010, with the split between Lega Serie A and Lega Serie B, Italy became the sole country with three professional leagues.
The first tier of Italian football is Serie A, which is governed by the Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A and is made up of 20 teams.
The third tier is Serie C. It is run by the Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico; it has three divisions of 20 clubs each, which are generally split on the basis of location.
Beneath these are five further levels; three of them, Eccellenza, Promozione and Prima Categoria, are organised by regional committees of the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti; and the last two levels, Seconda Categoria and Terza Categoria, by provincial committees.
From 2002 to 2013 Serie A2 existed between the Serie A and B, but it has since been renamed to B.
Huỳnh Công Út, known professionally as Nick Ut (born March 29, 1951) is a Vietnamese American photographer for the Associated Press (AP) who works out of Los Angeles.
His best-known photo, it features a naked 9-year-old girl, Phan Thị Kim Phúc, running toward the camera from a South Vietnamese napalm strike that mistakenly hit Trảng Bàng village instead of nearby North Vietnamese troops.
On the 40th anniversary of that Pulitzer Prize-winning photo in September 2012, Ut became the third person inducted by the Leica Hall of Fame for his contributions to photojournalism.
Born in Long An, Vietnam (then part of the French Indochina), Ut began to take photographs for the Associated Press when he was 16, just after his older brother Huynh Thanh My, another AP photographer, was killed in Vietnam.
Ut has since worked for the Associated Press in Tokyo, South Korea, and Hanoi and still maintains contact with Kim Phuc, who now resides in Canada.
In September, 2016, a Norway newspaper published an open letter to Mark Zuckerberg after censorship was imposed on this photograph placed on the newspaper's Facebook page.
Half of the ministers in the Norwegian government shared the famous Nick Ut photo on their Facebook pages, among them prime minister Erna Solberg from the Conservative Party (Høyre).
Several of the Facebook posts including the Prime Minister's post were deleted by Facebook, but later that day Facebook decided to allow the photo.
His photos of a crying Paris Hilton in the back seat of a Los Angeles County Sheriff's cruiser on June 8, 2007 were published worldwide; however, Ut was photographing Hilton alongside photographer Karl Larsen.
In 1904 he became the first Icelander to be appointed to the Danish Cabinet as the Minister for Iceland in the Cabinet of Deuntzer and was – unlike the previous Minister for Iceland Peter Adler Alberti – responsible to the Icelandic Althing.
His parents were Pétur Havstein (17 February 1812 – 24 June 1875) Governor of North and East Iceland and Kristjana Gunnarsdóttir Havstein (20 September 1836 – 24 February 1927) sister of Iceland's first bank chairman, Tryggvi Gunnarsson.
He obtained the national grammar school leaving certificate (stúdentspróf) in 1880 and obtained a law degree (lower second class) from the University of Copenhagen in 1886.
He was proposed the first Minister for Iceland on 31 January 1904 from 1 February 1904, and he served as such until 31 March 1909.
In 1912 he was elected speaker of Althingi, prior to becoming Minister for Iceland for the second time from 24 July 1912 to 21 July 1914, when he became managing director again.
The airline was established on January 20, 1997 and started operations on December 19, 1997; it was an affiliate of Japan Air System.
After starring at the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship, Beasley emerged as a star with the Chicago Fire before making a move to Dutch club PSV Eindhoven in 2004.
Beasley is the only U.S. man to play in four FIFA World Cups, his first in 2002 and his latest in 2014, earning 126 caps during his 16 year international career.
Beasley starred in the 1999 Under-17 World Cup in New Zealand, winning the Silver Ball as the tournament's second best player, behind teammate Landon Donovan.
However, before making any appearances with LA, he was traded in February 2000 to the Chicago Fire in exchange for first-round picks in the 2000 MLS SuperDraft and 2001 MLS SuperDraft.
He would excel with Chicago, scoring 14 goals and recording 20 assists over 4.5 seasons while being named to the league Best XI in 2003.
His stay with the Fire ended on July 19, 2004 when Dutch giants PSV Eindhoven agreed on a transfer fee with MLS worth $2.5 million.
PSV manager Guus Hiddink brought Beasley in as the successor to Arjen Robben (who went to Chelsea), and because of that, Beasley was granted the number 11 jersey.
In his first season in the Eredivisie, Beasley played 29 games, scored 6 goals in 34 domestic games of the Dutch season and helped PSV win their 18th league title.
On May 28, 2005, PSV advanced to the final of the 2004–05 KNVB Cup by defeating Feyenoord in a penalty shootout after Beasley's goal in the final minute of regulation tied the match.
In addition to making an impact on the domestic level, Beasley became the first American to play in the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League, against Milan.
In the first leg, PSV lost 2–0 at the San Siro, while in the second leg, PSV won 3–1 at Philips Stadion, though they were eliminated based on the away goals rule.
DaMarcus was fined €1,500 ($1,852) for driving under the influence of alcohol as a result of an incident on January 16, 2006.
After a disappointing individual season for Beasley in which PSV won their 19th championship, on August 31, 2006, he joined English Premier League side Manchester City on a season-long loan fulfilling his ambition to play in England.
On August 4, 2007, Beasley made his Rangers debut, playing a full 90 minutes in a 3–0 win against Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
Beasley scored his first goal for the club against FK Zeta in a Champions League qualifier on August 7, 2007, becoming the first American to score for two clubs in the competition.
He urged UEFA and FIFA to do something about the chants, which prompted an investigation intended to crack down on the crowds at soccer matches.
The true extent of the injury meant that he was expected to miss the rest of the Scottish Premier League season.
His first start for Rangers after his injury came in the Scottish Cup final against Queen of the South; he notched a goal and an assist in the 3–2 victory.
On August 23, 2008, in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen at Pittodrie Stadium, Beasley looked to have scored his first goal of the campaign, though the goal was wrongly ruled out for offside.
Beasley helped Rangers win the SPL title for 2008–09, being awarded a championship medal after appearing in ten league matches during the season.
He stated in December 2009 that he would seek a move away from the club during the upcoming January transfer window in order to secure a place in the United States squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
After the Motherwell game Beasley expressed his desire to stay with Rangers and help them retain the Scottish Premier League title.
Although Rangers won the title, Beasley was not entitled to a championship medal, having played in only eight games, less than the 25% required.
He made his debut on September 18, 2010, coming on as a substitute in the 77th minute in a 2–0 away loss to VfL Wolfsburg.
In 2015, Beasley was selected for his 4th MLS All Star game and was named the Dynamo team defender of the year.
After the season Beasley re-signed with the Dynamo, however he took a pay cut and no longer counted as a designated player.
Beasley didn't miss significant time because of injury in 2017 and had a strong season, being named an MLS All Star and helping lead the Dynamo make the MLS Playoffs for the first time in 3 seasons.
He received the MLS Fair Play Individual Award, which is given to the player who commits the fewest fouls and demonstrates good sportsmanship.
In 2018, Beasley and the Dynamo missed out on the playoffs, but did win the US Open Cup, which qualifies them for the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League.
Beasley scored the only goal of the match hitting a weak foot volley from outside the box to give the Dynamo the win.
Beasley returned from the injury and made his first MLS appearance of the season on May 15 in a 1-0 loss to the Portland Timbers.
Beasley would make 18 appearances across all competetions in 2019, his last coming on October 6 as the Dynamo defeated the LA Galaxy 4-2 in the final game of the season and Beasley's career.
He was also a key part of the United States team that won the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2002, 2005, 2007, and 2013.
At age 20, he was named in the United States' squad for the 2002 World Cup in Japan and South Korea, playing in all three group matches as the team achieved its best performance in over half a century by reaching the quarter-finals.
Beasley, along with fellow young midfielder Landon Donovan, was criticized by fans and U.S. coach Bruce Arena for poor play during the 2006 World Cup.
He set up the U.S.'s only goal (scored by Clint Dempsey) against Ghana and had a potential game-winning goal disallowed against Italy when Brian McBride was adjudged to be screening Gianluigi Buffon in an offside position.
In a 2010 World Cup qualification fourth-round game against Trinidad and Tobago, Beasley played the full 90 minutes at left back.
During the second match of the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, against Brazil, Beasley lost the ball on a short corner kick, creating a Brazil counter-attack that resulted in a goal.
Beasley was named by U.S. coach Bob Bradley to the nation's 23-man roster for the 2010 World Cup, but made only one substitute appearance in a group stage match, against Algeria.
After making four substitute appearances in the next two-and-a-half years, Beasley was called for up 2014 World Cup qualifiers in March 2013.
He started at left back and received strong reviews in a victories over Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, and a draw against Mexico.
In July 2013, United States national team manager Jürgen Klinsmann named Beasley captain for the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup, where he started at left-back for five of the six matches the U.S. played.
With his inclusion in the United States' 2014 World Cup squad, Beasley joined Claudio Reyna and Kasey Keller as the only American players to be a member of four World Cup squads.
By appearing against Ghana in the team's opening match of the tournament, he became the first player to play in four World Cup tournaments for the United States.
However, he returned to the national team for the 2015 Gold Cup at the request of United States coach Jürgen Klinsmann.
With a start at left wingback in a June 2017 World Cup qualifier at Mexico, Beasley became the first American to play in five World Cup qualifying cycles.
Beasley's older brother Jamar is a member of the Cedar Rapids Rampage and the United States national futsal team and former player in MLS and for the US under-20 team.
Coach in ice hockey is the person responsible for directing the team during games and practices, prepares strategy and decides which players will participate in games.
At the professional level, as each game is given great importance, a coach will analyse past games and prepare for future games.
While winning is a primary responsibility at the professional level, at the other extreme of minor hockey, teaching is given greater importance.
In the case of coaching of youth hockey, while strategy and tactics are still required, there would be the added responsibility of teaching fundamental skills and the rules of the game, providing a fun and safe environment, developing character, teaching physical fitness and the ability to communicate in a positive manner.
, is a regional commuter airline with its headquarters in the Terminal Building in Osaka International Airport near Toyonaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan and its main hub at Osaka International Airport.
J-Air is a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan's flag carrier, Japan Airlines (JAL) and an affiliate member of the Oneworld alliance.
The airline was founded on August 8, 1996, when JAL restructured JAL Flight Academy and J-Air was separated; and began operations as a separate entity from Hiroshima-Nishi Airport on November 1.
Faced with limited opportunities for route expansion at Hiroshima, the airline relocated to its new home at Nagoya Airfield, after the opening of Chūbu Centrair International Airport, on February 17, 2005.
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, J-Air, together with its sister airlines within the JAL Group, carried over 32 million passengers and over 1.1 million tons of cargo and mail.
J-Air has been reported by Japanese newspapers and television to be leaving Nagoya Airfield in a phased transition with many flights leaving October 2010 and all flight leaving from the Spring of 2011.
JAL Flight Academy (JFA) was established by Japan Airlines (JAL) in August 1989, as a flight training school subsidiary based at Omura Airport, Nagasaki.
In August 1996, JAL Flight Academy was restructured, J-Air was separated and established as a wholly owned regional subsidiary airline of Japan Airlines on August 8.
On November 1, the airline inaugurated its first flight from Hiroshima-Nishi Airport and was building up service on smaller-demand domestic routes, which larger aircraft could not serve economically.
However, the local government subsidy was terminated at the end of the 2000 fiscal year and the airline was required to become self-sufficient.
As part of its domestic marketing strategy, JAL found a niche market where the 100-plus-seats Boeing 737s were too large and frequent services were in demand, and began repositioning the airline.
In order to strengthen the recognition of the JAL brand and improve customer convenience, the airline disposed its own flight numbers and changed to JAL flight numbers from April 1, 2005.
On April 1, 2007, J-Air, together with four of its sister airlines within the JAL Group, joined Oneworld and became a Oneworld affiliate member.
On June 18, JAL signed a purchase agreement with Embraer for ten Embraer 170 jets, with options to acquire another five aircraft.
The first aircraft was delivered on October 3, 2008, received the type certification from the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB) on October 27 and operated its first flight in February 2009.
Filton is a suburban town and civil parish in South Gloucestershire, England, north of the City of Bristol and approximately from the city centre.
Filton has large areas of open space which include several playing fields, a golf course and the former Filton Airport (closed in 2012).
The town is well served by rail with Filton Abbey Wood serving areas in the south of the town, Bristol Parkway serving areas to the north and east and Patchway in the west of the town.
East Filton, which has grown up east of the Bristol-South Wales railway line and is mostly in the neighbouring civil parish of Stoke Gifford, contains the offices of the Ministry of Defence's Defence Procurement Agency, plus a shopping park.
Filton Park is a suburb of Bristol and lies directly on the city border, sandwiched between the A38 trunk road and Southmead Road.
Filton Park is regarded as a desirable place to live since it is close to major centres of employment such as BAE Systems, and Defence Equipment & Support at Abbey Wood.
Filton has two main shopping areas – the Shield Centre (on the site of the former Shield Laundry) and Abbey Wood Retail Park, as well as other shops.
The Concorde supersonic airliner was built here in the late 1960s and 1970s; on 26 November 2003 Concorde 216 (G-BOAF) made the final flight of a Concorde, returning to Filton to be kept there permanently as the centrepiece of the Aerospace Bristol museum, which opened in 2017.
The company has neither distributors nor dealers and deals directly with customers; they have a showroom and head office in Kensington, London.
The Filton built-up area defined by the Office for National Statistics is a large outer suburban area north of Bristol which includes Almondsbury, Patchway, Little Stoke, Stoke Gifford and Bradley Stoke, and had a population of 59,495 in 2011.
In 1996 the Avon authority was abolished and the area became part of the unitary authority of South Gloucestershire and rejoined the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire.
Filton is represented in the House of Commons by Jack Lopresti, Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Filton and Bradley Stoke.
Thousands of mites, farthings and other coins of the Roman emperors, Domitian, Constantine and Constans were found in a bank by some boys in 1880.
At the dawn of the 20th century, Filton was a small village, still detached from the city of Bristol to the south.
A much larger railway station, known as Filton Junction, opened in 1910, after the alternate rail route from Bristol to London was finished.
During the 1920s and 1930s, two infant/primary schools and one secondary school were built in Filton to accommodate the growing number of school-age children in the area.
In the early 1960s, a new bypass was constructed, roughly parallel to the old one, and this later became part of the M5 motorway.
However, from the late 1970s a trading estate slowly developed on the eastern side of the Bristol/South Wales railway line in what is now known as East Filton.
Station Road, a country lane in the early part of the 20th century, was also widened to become a dual carriageway and form part of the Avon Ring Road.
The temperature is usually between at or below freezing () on 39.4 days per year and , but between 2005 and 2014, the temperature ranged from to .
There are two standard sizes for hockey rinks: one used primarily in North America, also known as NHL size, the other used in Europe and international competitions, also known as IIHF or Olympic size.
Most North American rinks follow the National Hockey League (NHL) specifications of 200 by 85 feet (60.96m ×25.9m) with a corner radius of .
Hockey rinks in the rest of the world follow the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) specifications, which are with a corner radius of .
The rink specifications originate from the ice surface of the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, constructed in 1862, where the first indoor game was played in 1875.
If an attacking player crosses the line into the other team's zone prior to the puck crossing, he is said to be offside.
There are two spots in each team's defensive zone, two at each end of the neutral zone, and one in the centre of the rink.
The circle is 30 feet (9m) in diameter, with an outline thick, and the faceoff spot is a solid blue circle in diameter.
Within the spot, two red vertical lines are drawn from the left and right inner edges, and the area between these lines is painted red while the rest of the circle is painted white.
At each end of the ice, there is a goal consisting of a metal goal frame and cloth net in which each team must place the puck to score.
According to NHL and IIHF rules, the entire puck must cross the entire goal line in order to be counted as a goal.
In most leagues, goals are disallowed if an attacking player enters the goal crease with a stick, skate, or any body part before the puck enters the crease.
For the purposes of this rule, the crease extends vertically from the painted lines to the top of the goal frame.
The goal crease consists of straight lines extending perpendicularly from the goal line outside each goal post connected by an arc with a radius; two red hashmarks thick located from the goal line that extend into the crease from either side.
Under the rule, it is prohibited for the goaltender to handle the puck anywhere behind the goal line that is not within the trapezoidal area.
The motivation for the introduction of the trapezoid was to promote game flow and prolonged offensive attacks by making it more difficult for the goaltender to possess and clear the puck.
The rule was aimed at reducing the effectiveness of goaltenders with good puck-handling abilities, most notably Martin Brodeur and Marty Turco.
The base on the goal line measures — widened from the original for the 2014-15 NHL season onwards — and the base along the end boards measures , with the depth behind the goal line-to-boards distance specified at .
The seven-week experiment proved so successful that the AHL moved to enforce the rule for the rest of the season, and then was approved by the NHL when play resumed for the 2005–06 season following the previous lockout.
The ECHL, the only other developmental league in the Professional Hockey Players Association along with the AHL, also approved the rule for 2005–06.
Under USA Hockey rule 601(d)(5), any player entering or remaining in the referee's crease while the referee is reporting to or consulting with any game official may be assessed a misconduct penalty.
The USA Hockey casebook specifically states that the imposition of such a penalty would be unusual, and the player would typically first be asked to leave the referee's crease before the imposition of the penalty.
The puck must now completely cross the blue line in the other direction to be considered in the neutral zone again.
In their early years they sang Japanese covers of standards, foreign hits, and Japanese folk songs; then they began singing originals, written by their producer, Hiroshi Miyagawa, and such songwriters as Koichi Sugiyama and Rei Nakanishi.
Though not primarily actresses, the twins were surprisingly skilled, learned their lines without trouble, and always worked on time, despite their busy schedule.
The 1986 Revised NAB is the basis of the revised Lectionary, and it is the only translation approved for use at Mass in the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States and the Philippines, and the 1970 first edition is also an approved Bible translation by the Episcopal Church in the United States.
The spelling of proper names found in this edition departs from the ones found in older Catholic Bible versions, such as the Douay, and instead adopts those commonly found in Protestant Bibles.
The notes in many places present 20th century theories still current, for example the Q source and different sources for the Pentateuch.
Regarding the Revised New American Bible (RNAB) of 1986, a compromise was made: while traditional phraseology, absent from the edition of 1970, was restored to the New Testament, several non-traditional, gender-neutral words were incorporated.
The New Testament was almost completely revised, and bore a much closer resemblance to the Confraternity version of 1941 as opposed to the much more periphrastic New Testament of the NAB of 1970.
It accepted the revised Grail Psalter instead, which the Holy See approved and which replaced the revised NAB Psalter for lectionaries for Mass in the United States.
The Psalms were again revised in 2008 and sent to the Bishops Committee on Divine Worship but also rejected in favor of the revised Grail Psalter.
In January 2011, it was announced that the fourth edition of the NAB would be published on March 9 of that year.
After they developed a plan and budget for the revision project, work began in 2013 with the creation of an editorial board made up of five people from the Catholic Biblical Association (CBA).
The revision is now underway and, after the necessary approvals from the Bishops and the Vatican, is expected to be completed by 2025.
It consists of a rotating spindle from which the string protrudes, at the end of a long shaft with a handle.
The string trimmer was invented in the early-1970s by George Ballas of Houston, Texas, who conceived the idea while watching the revolving action of the cleaning brushes in an automatic car wash. His first trimmer was made by attaching pieces of heavy-duty fishing line to a popcorn can bolted to an edger.
A string trimmer works on the principle that a line spun fast enough is held out from its center (the rotating reel) very stiffly by centrifugal force; the faster the hub turns, the stiffer the line.
Some monofilament lines designed for more powerful cutters have an extruded shape, like a star, that helps the line slash the material being cut; the line is thus able to cut quite large woody plants (small shrubs) or at least ring-bark them very effectively.
The motor turns the reel and the line extends horizontally while the operator swings the trimmer about where the plants are to be trimmed.
As the line is worn, or breaks off, the operator knocks the reel on the ground so a release mechanism allows some of the line in the reel to replace the spent portion.
For vertical cutting the whole machine can be tilted or some trimmers allow the head to be adjusted at different angles.
Vertical cutting is not recommended near sidewalks or other concrete and pavement edges, because it leaves open grooves that allow water to collect and cause damage.
String trimmers powered by an internal combustion engine have the engine on the opposite end of the shaft from the cutting head, while electric string trimmers typically have an electric motor in the cutting head, but there are other arrangements such as where the trimmer is connected to heavy machinery and powered by a hydraulic motor.
The head contains a safety shield on the user side and a rotating hub which may also be called a head or spool.
Disadvantages of a gasoline-powered string trimmer include its greater weight and the significant vibration that carries throughout the device, both of which interfere with its maneuverability and contribute to muscle fatigue, as well as the requirement that motor oil be added to its fuel (if it is equipped with a two-stroke engine).
Large trimmers, used for cutting roadside grass in large areas, are often heavy enough to require two hands to operate, and some are even fitted with a harness enabling the user's torso to bear some of their weight.
Trimmers that have nylon or metal blades usually require straight driveshafts to handle the higher torque required to turn the heavier disk, and because of the shock loads that are passed back from the blade to the drive shaft and its gearbox(es).
Smaller line trimmers have curved driveshafts to make holding the cutting-head at ground level much easier and with less strain on the operator.
Due to pollution laws four stroke engines are becoming more popular with a number of commercial weed eater models now being powered by four stroke engines.
However, the length of power cord that can be deployed across the ground limits them, and they are usually less powerful and robust than the gasoline-engine ones.
Recharge time for a battery model is typically several hours; some models offer a quick-charge option of as little as half an hour, or a removable battery pack.
It is typical for the user to wear either safety glasses or a visor to protect their eyes (but not passersby).
Chain-link flail rotors, and any other trimmer head with linked metal parts, were prohibited from sale in the EU after a fatal accident in 2010.
This history is significantly bound to that of the neighboring Massachusetts, whose colonial precursors either claimed the New Hampshire territory, or shared governors with it.
First settled in the 1620s under a land grant to John Mason, the colony consisted of a small number of settlements near the seacoast before growing further inland in the 18th century.
Thomas Roberts served as the last Colonial Governor of the Dover Colony before it became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
In 1686 the territory became part of the Dominion of New England, which was effectively disbanded in 1689 following the 1688 Glorious Revolution in England.
Boundary disputes between the two colonies prompted King George II to appoint separate governors in 1741, commissioning Portsmouth native Benning Wentworth as governor.
Under a state constitution drafted in early 1776, Meshech Weare was chosen the first President of the independent state of New Hampshire.
Permanent English settlement began after land grants were issued in 1622 to John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges for the territory between the Merrimack and Sagadahoc (Kennebec) rivers, roughly encompassing present-day New Hampshire and western Maine.
Settlers, whose early leaders included David Thomson, Edward Hilton, and Thomas Hilton, began settlements on the New Hampshire coast and islands as early as 1623, that eventually expanded along the shores of the Piscataqua River and the Great Bay.
Conflicts between holders of grants issued by Mason and Gorges concerning their boundaries eventually led to a need for more active management.
Early New Hampshire historian Jeremy Belknap called Williams the governor of the lower plantation, and claimed that he served until the New Hampshire plantations came under Massachusetts rule, at which time he became a magistrate in the Massachusetts government.
However, Belknap's claim is disputed by historian Charles Tuttle, who observes that there are no records prior to 1640 in which Mason or Gorges refer to Williams as governor.
Tuttle claims that Mason appointed Henry Josselyn to succeed Neale, and that Mason's widow appointed Francis Norton, a Massachusetts resident, in 1638 to oversee the estate's interests, although when his stewardship ends is unclear.
He was known to be in the area in 1629 and 1631, when Belknap suggests he was appointed governor by Mason and Gorges.
He received a more definite appointment for administration of this plantation by 1633, when he was commissioned by Lords Brooke and Say and Sele, who had purchased land in the area from Mason.
However, his powers appear to have been limited to transacting the proprietors' business, including the granting of land, and the proprietors themselves did not possess the power of government.
Wiggin and Walter Neale apparently disagreed on territorial boundaries of their respective domains, and supposedly almost came to blows, although whether this occurred in 1632 or 1633 is unclear.
After shifting for themselves for a time (during which much of the Mason property was appropriated by the colonists), the plantations of New Hampshire agreed in 1641 to join with the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The towns of New Hampshire sent representatives to the Massachusetts legislature, and were governed by its governors, who were elected annually.
At the urging of the heirs of John Mason, who were trying to recover their inherited claims, Charles issued a new charter in 1682, with Edward Cranfield as lieutenant governor.
This government survived until the Dominion of New England was introduced in 1686, although Cranfield departed the province in 1685, replaced in the interim by his deputy, Walter Barefoote.
For most of his tenure, he remained in London, pursuing legal actions relevant to proprietary land claims he had purchased from the Masons, but he came to the colony briefly before the arrival of his replacement as governor, the Earl of Bellomont.
As a result, during the tenures of the last two governors, Benning and John Wentworth, the role of the lieutenant governor diminished.
On February 8, 1715/6, Colonel Elizeus Burges was appointed to succeed Joseph Dudley as governor of both Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
Before coming to North America, Burges was bribed by Massachusetts operatives to resign his commissions; Colonel Samuel Shute was then chosen to replace Dudley.
Two governors, Bellomont and William Burnet, died while still holding their commissions (although neither was in the province at the time).
His administration effectively came to an end then, but he was technically the office holder until Burnet was commissioned in 1728.
The last governor, John Wentworth, fled the province in August 1775, after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War brought threats to his rule and family.
The province was thereafter governed provisionally until January 1776, when Meshech Weare was elected the independent state's first president under a new state constitution.
In hockey, the slot is the area on the hockey rink directly ahead of the goaltender between the faceoff circles on each side.
In general, it is the defenceman's responsibility to guard offensive players in the slot, while the offside winger covers offensive players in the deep slot.
Because the deep slot is protected by an offensively minded winger and not a defenceman, forwards will often hover in the deep slot waiting for an opportunity to move towards the net for a scoring opportunity.
Located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, a maritime city on the east coast of Canada, the Schulich School of Law is rooted in the vision of its first dean, Richard Chapman Weldon, who believed lawyers had a responsibility to contribute to their communities’ well-being.
Unlike his contemporaries at Osgoode Hall Law School at York University (which was established in 1862 under the auspices of the Law Society of Upper Canada), Weldon aspired to treat the study of law as a full-time, liberal education.
At the time of its founding, the establishment of a university common law school was so radical – and its subsequent influence so great – that legal historians cite Dal Law as the basis for law school today.
Based on Weldon's comments in his inaugural address at the opening of the law school, it's unsurprising that the Schulich School of Law has shared a storied connection with Harvard University.
Although Dalhousie was influenced early on by the high standards of academic excellence set by Harvard Law School, it placed a decidedly unique emphasis on the subjects of public law, constitutional history, and international law, fields that were notably absent from Harvard's curriculum in the 1880s.
The Schulich School of Law was also the first Canadian law school awarded the Emil Gumpuert Award by the American College of Trial Lawyers for excellence in trial advocacy training.
On August 16, 1985, a lightning strike caused a short in Weldon's electrical system, which started a fire that destroyed most of the Sir James Dunn Law Library.
Refurbishments to the Weldon Law Building took place in 2004 with the addition of the James and Barbara Palmer Wing and in 2016 with the Facade Renewal Project.
In phases one and two of the Facade Renewal Project, windows were replaced, walls were insulated, and stonework was reinforced on the third and fourth floors of the building.
Here, crews removed existing stonework, installed an accessible ramp to the school's entrance on University Avenue, and redid the school's front entrance.
Inside the building, the centre staircase that existed between the first and second floor has been removed to make way for the creation of modern administrative office space on the second floor to provide a new and improved area for the administrative staff.
Importantly, the faculty's mosaic laid initially at the top of the stairs on the second floor and which weighs close to 2,500 lbs.
In January 2011, the Senate voted to change Dalhousie's law degree designation from a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) to a Juris Doctor (JD).
Students attending the Schulich School of Law today can undertake a regular JD degree or concentrate their JD in one of four specific areas: health law, business law/corporate law, marine and environmental law, and law and technology.
As an accredited law school in Canada, graduates are eligible to proceed to bar admission and articling programs throughout the country.
Further information on bar admission for accredited Canadian law school graduates and the National Committee on Accreditation (NCA) for foreign-trained law graduates is available at the Federation of Law Societies of Canada website.
In 2016, 170 students were admitted from a pool of over 1,300 applicants, of which 55 per cent were women and 45 per cent men.
Most applicants have obtained an undergraduate degree before they begin law school; those with just two years of university work, however, will be considered for admission if their academic standing is exceptionally high.
Candidates who, despite economic, cultural, racial, or ethnic disadvantages, have made exceptional contributions to the community, or who have shown exceptional capacity to respond to challenges, may be given special consideration.
Native applicants who are not eligible for the Indigenous Blacks & Mi'kmaq Initiative and whose academic backgrounds do not meet admissions standards are eligible to apply for admission to the Schulich School of Law through successful completion of the Program of Legal Studies for Native People at the University of Saskatchewan's College of Law.
The Indigenous Blacks & Mi'kmaq (IB&M) Initiative at the Schulich School of Law was established in 1989 to increase the representation of these community members in the legal profession.
The initiative develops scholarships in the areas of Aboriginal and African Canadian legal perspectives, promotes the hiring and retention of graduates, and provides eligible students with financial and other types of support.
The law school is home to the Health Law Institute, the Law and Technology Institute, and the Marine and Environmental Law Institute.
It is internationally recognized for excellence in marine and environmental law teaching and research and has one of the world's most extensive course offerings.
The Law and Technology Institute (LATI) fosters interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate studies with Dalhousie's Faculty of Computer Science and Faculty of Management.
Numerous grants and awards have allowed Institute members to focus on cutting-edge topics such as research involving humans; end-of-life treatment, policy, and practice; and public health emergencies.
Students can receive academic credit and gain practical legal experience through the Legal Aid Service, which emphasizes the development of professional skills and the refinement of substantive and procedural knowledge in a real-life context.
Students can find a job placement or articling position with support from the Schulich School of Law's in-house Career Development Office (CDO).
Most Schulich School of Law students seek summer internships with firms, NGOs, think tanks, businesses, governments, and charities to gain valuable skills and work experience.
The society adheres to a constitution and is run by an annually elected executive of students from the Faculty of Law.
It is composed of seven executive members, with representatives from each section in first year, three representatives each from second and third year, a Black students’ representative, an Aboriginal students’ representative, a chair, and a secretary.
As one of the only publications of its kind in Canada, the journal serves as a unique vehicle for law students to publish their work.
The Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University has produced a number of accomplished alumni over the course of its history, including over 300 judicial appointments to every level of court in every province of Canada.
The law school's alumni, for example, constitute 20 per cent of the Federal Court of Canada and 25 per cent of the Tax Court of Canada.
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (after Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz) can occur when there is velocity shear in a single continuous fluid, or where there is a velocity difference across the interface between two fluids.
The theory predicts the onset of instability and transition to turbulent flow in fluids of different densities moving at various speeds.
Helmholtz studied the dynamics of two fluids of different densities when a small disturbance, such as a wave, was introduced at the boundary connecting the fluids.
For some short enough wavelengths, if surface tension is ignored, two fluids in parallel motion with different velocities and densities yield an interface that is unstable for all speeds.
The theory, with surface tension included, broadly predicts the onset of wave formation in the important case of wind over water.
It was recently discovered that the fluid equations governing the linear dynamics of the system admit a parity-time symmetry, and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability occurs when and only when the parity-time symmetry breaks spontaneously.
For a continuously varying distribution of density and velocity (with the lighter layers uppermost, so that the fluid is RT-stable), the dynamics of the KH instability is described by the Taylor–Goldstein equation and its onset is given by the Richardson number formula_1.
He was a candidate (1961–1971) and full member (1971–1986) of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
During the final months of Konstantin Chernenko's life, Grishin had been considered as a possible contender to succeed Chernenko as General Secretary, and as a possible alternative to Mikhail Gorbachev.
In an attempt to stress his closeness to Chernenko, he dragged the terminally ill Soviet leader out to vote in early 1985.
After Chernenko's death in March 1985, he declined to put himself forward as a candidate for succession and instead offered his support, albeit lukewarm, to Gorbachev.
He suffered a heart attack at a welfare office in Moscow, where he went to register an increase in his state pension.
The penalty box or sin bin (sometimes called the bad box, or simply bin or box) is the area in ice hockey, roller derby, rugby league, rugby union and some other sports where a player sits to serve the time of a given penalty, for an offence not severe enough to merit outright expulsion from the contest.
In most cases it is a small isolated bench surrounded by walls on all four sides, with the side facing the ice having the access door.
In ice hockey a period in the box occurs for all penalties unless circumstances call for an ejection or a penalty shot.
If three or more players are serving penalties at once, the team will continue playing with three on the ice but will not be allowed to use the players in the box until their penalties expire.
This results in situations such as the power play, in which the opposing team outnumbers the penalized (shorthanded) team, and (in the event of coincidental minor penalties) situations in which both teams must skate with one less player on the ice.
If a team scores a goal while one or more of the opposing team is serving a non-coincidental minor penalty, the penalty with the least time remaining is cancelled, and the player serving that penalty may return to the ice.
If the opposing team scores, only the penalty currently being served is cancelled; if at least one penalty interval remains, the penalty clock is reset to reflect this (two minutes if one interval remains, four minutes if two intervals remain) and the player must remain in the box; if less than two minutes remain, the remaining penalty is cancelled and the player is released.
A major (5-minute) or misconduct (10-minute) penalty must be served in full, regardless of the number of goals scored by the opposition.
Goaltenders never go to the penalty box even though they are assessed penalty minutes (but they can be ejected and replaced with a substitute).
Any penalties enforced against goaltenders or the bench are served by a teammate, with many leagues requiring that teammate to have been on the ice when the penalty occurred.
Often, if a team is committing one offence repeatedly, the referee will warn the captain that the next time they commit that offence, the player responsible will be sent to the bin.
In the Super League and other UK based competitions, the referee will face the offending team and circle one arm towards them to signal a team warning; this saves time and also allows for fans to see that the next player responsible for a penalty will be sent to the sin bin indefinitely (if there has not been a sufficient change in attitude from the team).
For the most serious offences and/or repeated misconduct, the referee may send off players, who take no further part in the game and leave their team a player short.
In 1981 Australia's New South Wales Rugby Football League introduced the use of the sin bin and that year Newtown Jets hooker Barry Jensen became the first player sent to it.
However, in the Super League and other UK based competitions, a player sent to the sin bin will usually sit on the bench and will wear a 'bib'; however, they do have the option of going back into the dressing room if they please.
In rugby union, a sin-binned or sent-off player may be replaced if he plays in the front row of the scrum (prop or hooker) and the team has a substitute available who is capable of filling that player's position.
In 2017 IFAB approved temporary dismissals for cautionable offences; however, this is only permitted for youth, veterans, disability and grassroots football.
Some Indoor soccer leagues and competitions, which often use the playing area layout, boards and benches of ice hockey, already use them.
Periods of suspensions vary depending on the match length (e.g., a 25-minute-half match has a suspension of 5 minutes) and are defined in the competition's rules.
The town of Foix probably owes its origin to an oratory founded by Charlemagne, which afterwards became the Abbey of Saint Volusianus in 849.
The founding, in 849, of the Abbey Saint-Volusien allowed the development of urban living in the tenth century to the twelfth century.
The castle, whose foundations date back to the early tenth century, was a strong fortress that withstood the repeated attacks of Simon de Montfort IV between 1211 and 1217, during the Albigensian Crusade.
In 1272, when the Count of Foix refused to recognize the sovereignty of the king of France, Philip the Bold personally took the leadership of an expedition against the city, subsequently the count surrendered.
In 1290, at a meeting of the Béarn region and the county of Foix, the city was practically abandoned by the Counts.
Gaston Phoebus was the last to have lived in the castle, and by the sixteenth century the castle had lost its military purpose.
The following year, Foix was retaken by Catholics, and in 1589 the Count of Foix, Henry of Navarre, was crowned King of France and became Henry IV.
In accordance with the General Code of Territorial Collectives - Article L2121-2, the number of council members is fixed in relation to the size of the population.
As such, it hosts several administrative bodies, namely Academic Inspection; Departmental Direction of the Territories; Departmental Direction of the Social Cohesion and the Protection of the Populations; Local branch of the French Family Allowance Fund (CAF); Local branch of the Primary Health Insurance Fund (CPAM) and the local branch of the Agricultural Social Mutuality (MSA).
The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the censuses of the population carried out in the commune since 1793.
From 2006, the legal populations of the communes are published annually by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE).
The census is now based on an annual collection of information, successively covering all municipal territories over a period of five years.
For municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants, a census survey of the entire population is conducted every five years, the official population of middle years themselves being estimated by interpolation or extrapolation.
For the municipality of Foix, the first comprehensive census within the framework of the new mechanism was carried out in 2008.
It bears a resemblance to the coat of arms of Catalonia, and also of Aragon, both featuring in the coat of arms of Andorra.
In 1955 the post office issued a postage stamp with a face value of 50 cents, consisting of the black, green, yellow and red representing the Arms of County of Foix which is referenced as YT 1044.
In 1958, the post office issued a postage stamp with a face value of 15 f., consisting of Ultramarine, gray, brown and green representing the Château de Foix which is referenced YT 11759.
On every Tuesday a food only market for local producers is held between 0730 and 1330 in the Halle aux Grains.
The arts are delivered by L'Estive, the arts centre in Foix, which supports more than 40 events in and around the town.
Theses playing fields comprise 3 football pitches; 3 rugby pitches; a white water stadium for canoe and kayaks on the Ariege river; a 250m velodrome; 4 open air tennis courts and 2 covered.
Across the Boulevard François Mitterrand is the athletics stadium Jean Noel Fondere, renovated in 2010, it includes the 400-meter track with 6 lanes for the athletics race all categories and different areas to practice high jump, long jump, the shot put, hammer , disc and javelin and pole vault.
In the North, the square tower, covered by a slated roof at the end of the nineteenth century, is certainly the oldest because it dates the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
This still retains its medieval character as reflected in the narrow streets (Rue des Marchands, the Rue des Chapeliers), and some half-timbered houses.
In 1340, the Bishop of Pamiers, Arnaud Villemur, had to intervene against incivility of some of pilgrims which were becoming increasingly numerous (there were reports of noisy evenings).
On 4 January 1562 the chapel was one of the many targets of the Reformation, and in 1579 the governor of the castle of Foix demolished it.
In the thirteenth century, after the destruction of the city walls, tree planting and urban works with a fountain and orchestra setting, make it the choice for walking for the local Fuxéens.
The site currently houses the festivities of the city, the market (every Friday) as well as many shops, eating places and public services.
For most of the series, he is the commander of the Babylon 5 station; during the series' final season he is the President of the Interstellar Alliance.
However, Sheridan is shown at times to be reckless and stubborn, and like his second-in-command Susan Ivanova he possesses a fierce temper that can lead to occasional explosive outbursts of anger.
His second wife, Anna Sheridan, was (apparently) killed while exploring a distant planet, and when he takes command of Babylon 5 at the start of Season 2 her death still troubles him.
This is caused, however, by the fact that during season four, he learns that he has only twenty more years to live.
By the end of the series Sheridan has become a galactic president and legend, and overall there is little doubt that he has been a force for good throughout his time in the series.
Another interesting event is when Sheridan falls and is caught by the Vorlon Kosh in season 2 episode The Fall of Night.
Which was the devil telling Jesus that if he were to fall, angels would catch him saving him from his death.
As a young man he joined EarthForce, was married briefly to Elizabeth Lochley, and by 2245 had risen to the rank of lieutenant commander.
For his action Sheridan was awarded the EarthForce Silver Star and he became one of the few human heroes to survive the war.
He was one of the candidates to command Babylon 5, but was rejected by the Minbari in favor of Jeffrey Sinclair.
Also perhaps around that time, he remarried this time to Anna Sheridan, who had been a close friend of his sister Elizabeth Sheridan.
At some unknown point in his career, Sheridan played a major role in quelling the Mars Riots, something which proved to be a significant sore spot a number of years later between himself and the Mars Rebellion when he offered them independence in exchange for their assistance in overthrowing President Clark's regime.
Sheridan also had some initial doubts about taking command of Babylon 5 because he feared being turned into a bureaucrat, but after helping to rescue the EAS Cortez, commanded by his friend Captain Maynard, after an accident in hyperspace, he realized he was in the right place.
Soon into the season, it became known that the Shadows had returned and were beginning to move again, and even covertly aided the Centauri in defeating the Narn.
A group of Centauri civilians attempted to assassinate Sheridan, but he was saved by Vorlon Ambassador Kosh and the formality of the apology was dismissed in view of this event.
After the fall of Narn, Minbari Ambassador Delenn revealed the existence of the Rangers to Sheridan, and offered him shared command of the Rangers on Babylon 5.
At the same time, he had to keep an Earth Alliance official snooping around the station unaware of that mission, and his knowledge of the Shadow's involvement.
Sheridan, Delenn, Marcus Cole, Ambassador Sinclair, Lennier, and Ivanova went back in time to intercept Shadow allies who were on their way to destroy that station.
They were then able to send Babylon 4 into the distant past where it was used to fight in the first Shadow war.
Sheridan married three women, and while only one was Minbari, each represented a different caste: Anna (Worker), Elizabeth (Warrior) and Delenn (Religious).
The Shadows found that Sheridan's wife Anna was still alive, and that she was acting as the CPU for a Shadow vessel.
During his vision of the future, that version of Delenn told him not to go to Z'ha'dum; also during the vision, Centauri Prime had been devastated.
He reasoned that if he did go to Z'ha'dum that the vision of the future he had seen would not occur.
What he did not tell her or anyone else was that he had Garibaldi hide two very large fusion bombs on to the ship.
He refused, ordering the White Star to crash into the city; the resulting over 1 gigaton nuclear explosion destroyed the capital city.
Meanwhile Sheridan, about to be killed by the explosion, jumped off the balcony into a pit that was miles deep after hearing the voice of Ambassador Kosh instructing him to do so.
Lorien tried to talk him into letting go, that no matter how important the cause, that death could ultimately not be denied.
Lorien was able to help bring him back from the dead by giving him some of his own life force, extending Sheridan's life by approximately twenty Earth years.
With Delenn, he led the alliance of Humans, Narns, Minbari, and the League of Non-Aligned Worlds, known as the Army of Light, against the Shadows.
When Earth Force ships destroyed five refugee ships carrying 2,000 civilians per ship, Sheridan began a campaign to topple Clark's administration.
Seeing that their fortunes had changed, the resistance on Earth went to arrest Clark, but Clark committed suicide before he could be captured.
It was at this press conference that she announced that the members of the League of Non-Aligned Worlds had voted to dissolve that body, and enter into a new Interstellar Alliance.
Sheridan gave her a free hand to run the station's affairs, reserving only the political course of the Alliance to himself.
After his inauguration, Sheridan gave shelter to a group of refugee telepaths led by a man named Byron, and allowed them to form a colony on Babylon 5.
He felt that with Psi-Corps preparing to eventually overthrow the government that it would be beneficial to have telepaths friendly to the Alliance.
In addition to helping save Sheridan's life, Byron himself learned that the Drazi - who were members of the Alliance - were using raiders to harass the .
Dr. Franklin found that he had the right to quarantine newly arrived people for two months, and Lochley backed him up.
Despite the fact that the baby's human heritage could lead to danger, Delenn was able to carry the baby to term.
While he was overseeing the ship's development, Galen, a technomage contacted John and warning him that the Drahk were returning to exact revenge against the Alliance in a big show of force by wiping out Earth's population with a Shadow Planet Killer which was the last type of its weapon known to exist in the galaxy after their masters, The Shadows left beyond the rim.
John in the Victory-class ship, the Excalibur, with the Alliance fleet destroyed the planet killer, but much to John's horror, he and the rest of the Alliance fleet witnessed the Drahk Fleet drop a biological weapon into Earth's atmosphere.
In a dream, the technomage Galen warned him that in thirty years Vintari would launch a terrible military campaign to destroy Earth, and only his death at Sheridan's hands could stop him for sure.
Sheridan chose a different path, allowing Vintari to fly in a Starfury beside him as he had always dreamed, and inviting him to stay in the Alliance's headquarters, safe from assassination attempts which were becoming increasingly common in the Centauri royal court.
In this way, he hoped to show Vintari the concept of kindness for its own sake, rather than the quid pro quo nature of assistance common on Centauri Prime.
He had his friends - Ivanova, Garibaldi, Franklin, and Centauri Emperor Cotto - come to his home for one last reunion.
Sheridan learned that Allan had re-enlisted a few months ago and returned to Babylon 5, which resulted in the Ranger carrying his invitation being unable to find him on Earth.
John Sheridan as a literary character has been subject to several literary analysis, for example as a hero and as a leader.
A face-off is the method used to begin and restart play after goals in some sports using sticks, primarily ice hockey, bandy and lacrosse.
The two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing players attempt to gain control of the puck or ball after it is dropped or otherwise placed between their sticks by an official.
One of the referees drops the puck at centre ice to start each period and following the scoring of a goal.
Generally, the goal of the player taking the face-off is to draw the puck backward, toward teammates; however, they will, occasionally attempt to shoot the puck forward, past the other team, to kill time when shorthanded.
However, where the face-off occurs at one of the five face-off spots that have circles marked around them, only the two opposing players responsible for taking the face-off may be in the circle.
A common formation, especially at centre ice, is for a skater to take the face-off, with the wings lateral to the centre on either side, and the skater, usually a defenseman, behind the player handling the face-off, one toward each side.
This is not mandatory, however, and other formations are seen—especially where the face-off is in one of the four corner face-off spots.
There are nine such spots: two in each attacking zone, two on each end of the neutral zone, and one in the centre of the rink.
The rule now requires that all face-offs take place at one of the nine face-off spots on the ice, regardless of what caused the stoppage of play.
Rule 76.2 also dictates that, with some exceptions, a face-off following a penalty must occur at one of the two face-off dots of the offending team's end.
An official may remove the player taking the face-off if the player or any players from the same team attempt to gain an unfair advantage during the face-off (called a face-off violation).
Common face-off violations include: moving the stick before the puck is dropped, not placing the stick properly when requested to do so, not placing the body square to the face-off spot, or encroachment into the face-off circle by a teammate.
In the NHL, the player from the visiting team is required to place his stick on the ice for the face-off first when it takes place at the centre-line dot.
In the first organized ice hockey rules (see Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, AHAC), both centres faced the centre line of the ice rink, like the wingers do today.
If the ball was inside the penalty area when the game was interrupted, the face-off is moved to the nearest free-stroke point on the penalty line.
In a face-off one player of each team place themselves opposite each other and with their backs turned to their own end-lines.
In bandy, face-offs are regulated in section 4.6 of the Bandy Playing Rules set up by the Federation of International Bandy (FIB).
Face-offs are used in men's field lacrosse to start every quarter and overtime periods, unless a team playing man-up controls the ball at the end of the previous quarter.
In the field lacrosse face-off, two players face each other at the X in the middle of the field, in a crouching position with the ball placed on the ground on the center line between the heads of their sticks, set four inches (10 cm) apart, parallel to the midline but the ends pointing in opposite directions.
Two other players from each team must wait behind wing lines, 20 yards from the faceoff spot on opposite sides of the field until the whistle.
Any player except the goalkeeper, due to the much larger head on his stick, can face off; in practice face-offs are usually taken by midfielders.
When a team is down a player due to a penalty, there will only be one other midfielder on the wing, or none if two or more players are serving time.
When a third player, the maximum allowed by the rules before penalties are stacked, is serving time, the team thus penalized is allowed to have one of its defensemen come out and play on the wing during a faceoff.
Players facing off must rest their stick in their gloved hands on the ground and position themselves entirely to the left of their sticks' heads.
A premature movement by any player will be called as a technical foul, and the other team will be awarded the ball.
At the whistle, each face-off player makes a move to clamp the ball under their stick head, or tries to direct the ball to their teammates on the wing.
The three attackmen and defensemen from either team must remain in their respective zones behind the restraining lines 20 yards from the center line.
Once possession is established, or the loose ball crosses either restraining line, the faceoff is considered to have ended and all players are allowed to leave their zones.
If the loose ball goes out of bounds on a face-off before either team can pick it up, it is awarded to the team that last touched it and all other players are released when play is restarted.
The players facing off may not step on or hold each other's sticks to prevent the other from getting the ball.
If they pick the ball up on the back of their stick but do not immediately flip it into the pocket, it is also considered withholding.
In all these cases the face-off will be ended with the ball awarded to the opposing team at the spot of the infraction.
Players facing off who deliberately handle or touch the ball in an attempt to gain possession, or use their open hand to hold the opposing face-off player's stick, receive a three-minute unreleasable penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct in addition to possession being awarded to the other team.
The two players taking the draw stand at the center of the field, and hold their sticks together at waist level while the referee places the ball between the heads, which face each other.
At the whistle, the two center players both lift their sticks, tossing the ball in the air, while the players on the outside attempt to gain possession when it comes down.
The two opposing players alternately touch their sticks on the ground and against each other before attempting to strike the ball.
A face-off is also similar to a jump ball in basketball, a ball-up in Australian rules football, and a dropped-ball (if contested) in association football.
All of these also involve two opposing players attempting to gain control of the ball after it is released by an official.
Because of an extremely high rate of injury in these events (in the league's first game, one XFL player was lost for the season after separating his shoulder in a scramble), the event has not gained mainstream popularity in most other football leagues.
The Elements of Typographic Style is the authoritative book on typography and style by Canadian typographer, poet and translator Robert Bringhurst.
Originally published in 1992 by Hartley & Marks Publishers, it was revised in 1996, 2001 (v2.4), 2002 (v2.5), 2004 (v3.0), 2005 (v3.1), 2008 (v3.2), and 2012 (v4.0).
The airfield was host to Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien fighters used for air defense against Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombing raids by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).
Occupied after the war by American forces, the airfield was briefly used as a base for Lockheed F-5 Lightning photo-reconnaissance aircraft of the 6th and 71st Reconnaissance Groups beginning in late September 1945, mapping the extent of wartime damage over Honshū.
The airport is currently used by a number of companies including Aerotec, Jamco, Toho Air Service, Tokyo Airlines and New Central Airservice as well as national aerospace and space agency JAXA.
Jacques Attali (; born 1 November 1943) is a French economic and social theorist, writer, political adviser and senior civil servant, who served as a counselor to President François Mitterrand from 1981 to 1991 and was the first head of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1991-1993.
In 2008-2010, he led the government committee on how to ignite the growth of the French economy, under President Nicolas Sarkozy.
He also founded the non-profit organization PlaNet Finance and is the head of Attali & Associates (A&A), an international consultancy firm on strategy, corporate finance and venture capital.
Jacques Attali was born on 1 November 1943 in Algiers (Algeria), with his twin brother Bernard Attali, in a Jewish family.
In 1956, two years after the beginning of the Algerian independence war (1954–1962), his father decided to move to Paris with his family.
He also graduated from the École des mines, Sciences Po and the École nationale d'administration (third of the class of 1970).
In 1968, while doing an internship at the prefecture of a French department (Nièvre), he met for the second time with François Mitterrand, then President of the department, whom he had met for the first time three years before.
in 1972, Jacques Attali received a Ph.D. in economics from University Paris Dauphine, for a thesis written under the supervision of Alain Cotta.
Jacques Attali taught economics from 1968 to 1985 at the Paris Dauphine University, at the École polytechnique and at the École des Ponts et chaussées.
In his laboratory in Dauphine, the IRIS, he gathered several young researchers Yves Stourdzé (who ran the European research program EUREKA co-founded by Jacques Attali), Jean-Hervé Lorenzi, and Érik Orsenna, but also leading figures in various fields (including journalism, mathematics, show business, financial analysis).
From this moment on, Jacques Attali wrote notes every evening for the attention of the French President, which dealt with economics, culture, politics, or the last book he read.
He also attended all the Cabinet meetings, the Defense Council, and all bilateral meetings between President François Mitterrand and foreign heads of States and governments.
Jacques Attali then enlarged his circle of acquaintances to Raymond Barre, Jacques Delors, Philippe Séguin, Jean-Luc Lagardère, Antoine Riboud, Michel Serres, Coluche.
He advised the President to get Jean-Louis Bianco, Alain Boublil and several young, promising graduates from the École nationale d’administration (like François Hollande and Ségolène Royal) to join his team.
He took an active part in the organization of the celebrations for the bicentenary of the French Revolution on July, 14th 1989.
In 1997, upon the request of Claude Allègre, he proposed a reform of the tertiary education degree system which led to the implementation of the LMD model.
In 2008 and 2010, he was asked by then President Nicolas Sarkozy to chair a bipartisan commission aiming at proposing reforms to foster French economic growth.
In 2013, Jacques Attali advocated the concept of positive economy in a report delivered to President François Hollande at his request.
On 7 April 2011, in Washington, D.C., the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars of the United States' Smithsonian Institution presented the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service to Jacques Attali, founder and president of PlaNet Finance.
He had initiated the idea of this institution in June 1989, before the fall of the Berlin Wall, in order to support the reconstruction of Eastern European countries.
Under his leadership, the EBRD promoted investments which aimed at protecting nuclear power plants, protecting the environment and, more generally, developing infrastructure, reinforcing private sector competitiveness and support transition to democracy.
In 1991, Attali invited Mikhail Gorbachev to the EBRD headquarters, in London, against the opinion of British Prime Minister John Major.
By doing so, he compelled the heads of State of the G7, who were attending a summit in this town, to receive the Soviet head of State.
After a stormy phone call between Jacques Attali and John Major, the British press started to criticize Attali and spread suspicions about his management of the institution.
Indeed, when Attali left the EBRD (voluntarily) the board of governors gave him final discharge for the management of the institution.
In 1993, Attali won a libel suit; he had been accused of having reproduced in his book verbatim, without François Mitterrand's authorization, secret archives and several sentences of the French head of State which were meant for another book.
François Mitterrand confirmed in a long interview that he had asked Attali to write this book, and acknowledged that he had proofread it and had been given the possibility to make corrections.
In 1998, Attali founded Positive Planet, a non-profit organization which is active in more than 80 countries, employing over 500 staff, and provides funding, technical assistance and advisory services to microfinance players and stakeholders.
Jacques Attali advocates the establishment of a global rule of law, which will condition the survival of democracy through the creation of a new global order.
He thinks the regulation of the economy by a global financial supervisory institution may be a solution to the financial crisis which started 2008.
The financial institution is a first step towards the establishment of a democratic world government, of which the European Union can be a laboratory.
In 1994, Jacques Attali founded Attali & Associates (A&A), an international advisory firm which specializes in strategy consulting, corporate finance and venture capital to help companies develop on the long run.
Jacques Attali has a passion for music: he plays the piano (he once played for the association Les Restos du Cœur), and wrote lyrics for Barbara.
He performed very different pieces, which ranged from a symphony composed by Benda to Bach's violin concertos, a mass composed by Mozart, Barber's Adagio and Mendelssohn's double concerto for violin, piano and orchestra.
He also directed the Lausanne Sinfonietta in August and Ravel's Concerto in G with the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra in Jerusalem and then in Paris.
With Patrick Souillot, he created in 2012 a national organization following the model of the Fabrique Opéra Grenoble, which aims at coordinating the production of cooperative operas with the participation of students from vocational highschools.
The aim of this report was to put an end to the short-termism, to move from an individualistic economy based on the short-term to an economy based on public interest and the interest of future generations, to organize the transition from an old model based on the wealth economy to a model in which economic agents will have other obligations than profit maximization.
The literary work of Jacques Attali covers a wide range of topics and almost every possible subject in the field of literature: mathematics, economic theory, essays, novels, biographies, memoirs, children's stories, and theater.
Furthermore, his work entails depicting the slow transformation of humanity into an artifact in which man becomes an object to escape death, and the geopolitical evolution toward chaos that accompanies such transformation; meanwhile, man is also waiting for an awakening leading to a new global governance, a sanctification of the essential makeup of mankind, taking into account the interest of future generations, and not letting prostheses invade it.
More recently, he has chosen to combine crime novels with dystopia, imagining a reappearing police chief, whilst the action takes place in a near future period.
It made the first circumnavigation of the world by airship, and the first nonstop crossing of the Pacific Ocean by air; its range was enhanced by its use of Blau gas as a fuel.
It was built using funds raised by public subscription and from the German government, and its operating costs were offset by the sale of special postage stamps to collectors, the support of the newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, and cargo and passenger receipts.
In 1917 the German LZ 104 (L 59) was the first airship to make an intercontinental flight, from Jamboli in Bulgaria to Khartoum and back, a nonstop journey of .
During and just after the war, Britain and the United States built airships, and France and Italy experimented with confiscated German ones.
The Treaty of Versailles had placed limits on German aviation; in 1925, when the Allies relaxed the restrictions, Eckener saw the chance to start an intercontinental air passenger service, and began lobbying the government for funds and permission to build a new civil airship.
Public subscription raised 2.5 million Reichsmarks (ℛℳ, the equivalent of US$600,000 at the time, or $ million in 2018 dollars), and the government granted over ℛℳ 1 million ($ million).
It was built between 1926 and September 1928 at the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin works in Friedrichshafen, on Lake Constance, Germany, which became its home port for nearly all of its flights.
The gas cells were also cotton, lined with goldbeater's skins, and protected from damage by a layer containing of ramie fibre.
It was built to be the largest possible airship that could fit into the company's hangar, with only between the top of the finished vessel and the hangar roof.
It was the longest and most voluminous airship when built, but it was too slender for optimum aerodynamic efficiency, and there were worries that the shape would compromise its strength.
A liquid-fuelled airship loses weight as it burns fuel, requiring the release of lifting gas, or the capture of water from exhaust gas or rainfall, to avoid the vessel climbing.
Normal cruising altitude was 650 feet; it climbed if necessary to cross high ground or poor weather, and often descended in stormy weather.
The ship flew in with its nose trimmed slightly down, made its final approach into the wind descending at 100 feet per minute, then used reverse thrust to stop over the landing flag, where it dropped ropes to the ground.
It was slightly unstable in yaw, and to make it easier to fly, had an automatic pilot which stabilised it in that axis.
Pitch was controlled manually by an elevatorman who tried to limit the angle to 5° up or down, so as not to upset the bottles of wine which accompanied the elaborate food served on board.
Operating the elevators was so demanding and strenuous that an elevatorman's shift was only four hours, reduced to two in rough weather.
Behind the flight deck was the map room, with two large hatches to allow the command crew to communicate with the navigators, who could take readings with a sextant through the two large windows.
The galley staff served three hot meals a day in the main dining and sitting room, which was square and on each side.
On the round-the-world flight, there was dancing to a phonograph, fine wine, and Ernst Lehmann, one of the officers, played the accordion.
A ladder from the map room led up to the keel corridor inside the hull, and accommodation for the 36 crewmen.
Officers' quarters were towards the nose; behind them were the baggage store, the crew mess-room, and the quarters for the ordinary crew, who slept in wire-frame beds with fabric screens.
Branches from the keel corridor led to the five engine nacelles, and there were ladders up to the axial corridor, just below the ship's main axis, which gave access to all the gas cells.
Two Wanderer car engines adapted to burn Blau gas, only one of which operated at a time, drove two Siemens & Halske dynamos each.
Two ram air turbines attached to the main gondola on swinging arms provided electrical power for the radio room, internal lighting, and the galley.
Three radio operators used a one-kilowatt vacuum tube transmitter (about 140 W antenna power) to send telegrams over the low frequency (500–3,000 m) bands.
The main aerial consisted of two lead-weighted -long wires deployed by electric motor or hand crank; the emergency aerial was a wire stretched from a ring on the hull.
Three six-tube receivers served the wavelengths from 120 to 1,200 m (medium frequency), 400 to 4,000 m (low frequency) and 3,000 to 25,000 m (overlapping low frequency and very low frequency).
A radio direction finder used a loop antenna to determine the airship's bearing from any two land radio stations or ships with known positions.
During most of its career, it was operated by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin's commercial flight arm, DELAG, in conjunction with the Hamburg-American Line (HAPAG); for its final two years it flew for the Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei (DZR).
At Stockholm, spectators launched firework rockets around it, and on the return flight from Moscow it was holed by rifle shots near the Soviet Union-Lithuania border.
On one visit to Rio de Janeiro people released hundreds of small toy petrol-burning toy hot air balloons near the flammable craft.
On visits to England, it photographed Royal Air Force bases, the Blackburn aircraft factory in Yorkshire, and the Portsmouth naval dockyard; it is likely that this was espionage at the behest of the German government.
It flew from Friedrichshafen to Ulm, via Cologne and across the Netherlands to Lowestoft in England, then home via Bremen, Hamburg, Berlin, Leipzig and Dresden, a total of in 34 hours and 30 minutes.
On the fifth flight, Eckener caused a minor controversy by flying close to Huis Doorn in the Netherlands, which some interpreted as a gesture of support for the former Kaiser Wilhelm II who was living in exile there.
On the third day of the flight, a large section of the fabric covering of the port tail fin was damaged while passing through a mid-ocean squall line, and volunteer riggers (including Eckener's son, Knut) repaired the torn fabric.
Eckener directed Rosendahl to make a distress call; when this was received, and nothing else was heard from the airship, many believed it was lost.
After the ship arrived safely there was some annoyance from the Lakehurst personnel that it had not answered repeated calls for its position and estimated arrival time.
The ship endured an overnight gale that blew it backwards in the air and off course, to the coast of Newfoundland.
The airship returned home and on 6 November flew to Berlin Staaken, where it was met by the German president, Paul von Hindenburg.
It entered Palestine, flew over Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, and descended to near the surface of the Dead Sea, 1,400 feet below sea level.
The second Mediterranean cruise flew over France, Spain, Portugal and Tangier, then returned home via Cannes and Lyon on 23–25 April.
With Eckener struggling for a suitable place to force-land, the French Air Ministry allowed him to land at Cuers-Pierrefeu, near Toulon.
Aboard was Susie, an eastern gorilla who had been captured near Lake Kivu in the Belgian Congo and sold by her German owner to an American dealer.
Flying time for the four Lakehurst to Lakehurst legs was 12 days, 12 hours, and 13 minutes; the entire circumnavigation (including stops) took 21 days, 5 hours, and 31 minutes to cover .
Eckener became the tenth recipient and the third aviator to be awarded the Gold Medal of the National Geographic Society, which he received on 27 March 1930 at the Washington Auditorium.
Before returning to Germany, Eckener met President Herbert Hoover, and successfully lobbied the US Postmaster General for a special three-stamp issue (C-13, 14 & 15) for mail to be carried on the Europe-Pan American flight due to leave Germany in mid-May.
On 18 May, it left on a triangular flight between Spain, Brazil, and the US, carrying 38 passengers, many of them in crew accommodation.
The ship arrived at Recife (Pernambuco) in Brazil, docking at Campo do Jiquiá on 22 May, where 300 soldiers helped land it.
It then flew to Rio de Janeiro, where there was no post to tether to, so it was held down by the landing party for the two hours of the visit.
It flew north, via Recife, to Lakehurst; a storm damaged the rear engine nacelle, which had to be repaired in the hangar at Lakehurst.
During ground handling of the airship there, it suddenly lifted, causing serious injury to one of the US Marines who was assisting.
Eckener ordered full power and flew the ship out of trouble, but it came within 200 feet of hitting the ground.
The Europe-Pan American flight was largely funded by the sale of special stamps issued by Spain, Brazil, and the US for franking mail carried on the trip.
After a brief stop, the ship flew to Palestine where it circled Jerusalem, then returned to Cairo to pick up Eckener, who had stayed for an audience with the King.
The costs of the expedition were met largely by the sale of special postage stamps issued by Germany and the Soviet Union to frank the mail carried on the flight.
The writer Arthur Koestler was one of two journalists on board, along with a multinational team of scientists led by the Russian Professor Samoilowich, who measured the Earth's magnetic field, and a Russian radio operator.
The United States Post Office Department issued a special 50-cent airmail stamp (C-18) for the visit, which was the fifth and final one the ship made to the US.
Exposure to tropical downpours could greatly add to this, but when under way the ship had enough reserve power to generate dynamic lift to compensate.
On 25 April 1935 it made a rough forced landing at Recife after it was caught in a rainstorm at low speed on the approach to land and the added weight of several tons of water caused it to sink to the ground.
The lower rudder was lost, the outer envelope was ripped in several places, and a petrol tank was punctured by a palm tree.
On 24 November, during the second trip, the crew learned of an insurrection in Brazil, and there was some doubt whether it would be possible to return to Recife.
Brazil built a hangar for airships at Bartolomeu de Gusmão Airport, near Rio de Janeiro, at a cost of $1 million (equivalent to $ million in 2018 ).
Brazil charged the DZR $2000 ($) per landing, and had agreed that German airships would land there 20 times per year, to pay off the cost.
Eckener was outspoken about his dislike of the Nazi Party, and was warned about it by Rudolf Diels, the head of the Gestapo.
When the Nazis gained power in 1933, Joseph Goebbels (Reich Minister of Propaganda) and Hermann Göring (Commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe) sidelined Eckener by putting the more sympathetic Lehmann in charge of a new airline, Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei (DZR), which operated German airships.
Hitler called a plebiscite for 29 March to retrospectively approve the reoccupation, and adopt a list of exclusively Nazi candidates to sit in the new Reichstag.
The airships flew in tandem around Germany before the vote, with a joint departure from Löwenthal on the morning of 26 March.
The disaster, in which Lehmann and 35 others were killed, destroyed public faith in the safety of hydrogen-filled airships, making continued passenger operations impossible unless they could convert to non-flammable helium.
On 18 June its 590th and last flight took it to Frankfurt am Main, where it was deflated and exhibited to visitors in its hangar.
It made 144 oceanic crossings (143 across the Atlantic, and one of the Pacific), carried 13,110 passengers and of mail and freight.
Aeroplanes were faster, less labour-intensive and safer; by 1958 they developed into passenger jets like the Boeing 707 which could cross the Atlantic reliably in a few hours.
Boarding in ice hockey is a penalty called when an offending player pushes, trips or checks an opposing player violently into the boards (walls) of the hockey rink.
The boarding call is quite often a major penalty due to the likelihood of injury sustained by the player who was boarded, and officials have the discretion to call a game misconduct or a match penalty (if they feel the offense was a deliberate attempt to injure) on the offending player.
However, in the NHL, if the boarded player sustains a head or facial injury, the offending player receives an automatic game misconduct.
Boarding is usually assessed against a player when the opposing player is hit 4–5 feet away from the boards and hits one's head against the boards on the way down.
Checking in ice hockey is any one of a number of defensive techniques, aimed at disrupting an opponent with possession of the puck, or separating them from the puck entirely.
Charging occurs when a player takes three or more strides going into the check, and sometimes includes leaving the feet to deliver the hit.
Due to their dangerous nature and increased likelihood of causing serious injury, these hits can have penalties ranging from a minor two-minute penalty to a major and game misconduct, along with a $100 fine in the NHL.
An illegal check to the head is punishable with either a two-minute minor penalty, a combination five-minute major penalty and game misconduct, or a match penalty.
For the 2005–06 season, the NHL instituted stricter enforcement of many checking violations that in previous seasons would not have been penalized.
The intent of the new standard of enforcement was to fundamentally alter the way ice hockey is played, rewarding speed and agility over brute strength, as well as increasing opportunities for scoring and minimizing stoppage of play.
However, it is unclear how expanding the definition of a penalty would minimize the stoppage of play, as penalty calls entail play stoppage.
Peewees in similar situations would either let the opponent get the puck first so they can check them or hold back so they don't get hit themselves.
Academi is an American private military company founded in 1997 by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince as Blackwater, renamed as Xe Services in 2009 and known as Academi since 2011 after the company was acquired by a group of private investors.
The company received widespread notoriety in 2007, when a group of its employees killed 14 Iraqi civilians and injured 20 in Nisour Square, Baghdad for which four guards were convicted in a U.S. court.
In 2014, Academi became a division of Constellis Group along with Triple Canopy and other security companies that were part of the Constellis Group as the result of an acquisition.
Blackwater USA was formed in 1997, by Al Clark and Erik Prince in North Carolina, to provide training support to military and law enforcement organizations.
Prince purchased approximately of the Great Dismal Swamp, a vast swamp on the North Carolina–Virginia border that is now mostly a national wildlife refuge, from Dow Jones executive Sean Trotter.
There, he created his private training facility and his contracting company, Blackwater, which he named for the peat-colored water of the swamp.
The training facility comprises several ranges: indoor, outdoor, urban reproductions; an artificial lake; and a driving track in Camden and Currituck counties.
Jeremy Scahill has claimed that Blackwater Security Company (BSC) was the brainchild of Jamie Smith, a former CIA officer who became Vice President of Blackwater USA and the Founding Director of Blackwater Security Company, holding both positions simultaneously.
BSC's first assignment was to provide 20 men with top secret clearance to protect the CIA headquarters and another base that was responsible for hunting Osama bin Laden.
BSC was originally formed as a Delaware LLC and was one of over 60 private security firms employed during the Iraq War to guard officials and installations, train Iraq's new army and police, and provide other support for coalition forces.
Blackwater was also hired during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina by the United States Department of Homeland Security to protect government facilities, as well as by private clients, including communications, petrochemical, and insurance companies.
In August 2003, Blackwater received its first Iraq contract, a $21 million contract for a Personal Security Detachment and two helicopters for Paul Bremer, head of the U.S. occupation in Iraq.
In July 2004, Blackwater was hired by the U.S. State Department under the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Worldwide Personal Protective Services (WPPS) umbrella contract, along with DynCorp International and Triple Canopy, Inc. for the purpose of providing protective services in Iraq, Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Israel.
On September 1, 2005, following Hurricane Katrina, Blackwater dispatched a rescue team and helicopter, free of charge, to support relief operations.
Blackwater moved about 200 personnel into the area impacted by Hurricane Katrina, most of whom (164 employees) were working under a contract with the Federal Protective Service to protect government facilities, but the company held contracts with private clients as well.
Under this contract, the State Department awarded Blackwater, along with Triple Canopy and DynCorp, a contract for diplomatic security in Iraq.
Cofer Black, the company's vice-chairman from 2006 through 2008, was director of the CIA's Counterterrorist Center (CTC) at the time of the September 11 attacks in 2001.
He was the United States Department of State coordinator for counterterrorism with the rank of Ambassador-at-Large from December 2002 to November 2004.
After leaving public service, Black became chairman of the privately owned intelligence-gathering company Total Intelligence Solutions, Inc., as well as vice-chairman of Blackwater.
In November 2006, Blackwater USA announced that it had acquired an facility west of Chicago in Mount Carroll, Illinois, called Impact Training Center.
Blackwater tried to open an training facility three miles north of Potrero, a small town in rural east San Diego County, California, located east of San Diego, for military and law enforcement training.
The opening had faced heavy opposition from local residents, residents of nearby San Diego, local Congressmember Bob Filner, and environmentalist and anti-war organizations.
Opposition focused on a potential for wildfire increases, the proposed facility's proximity to the Cleveland National Forest, noise pollution, and opposition to the actions of Blackwater in Iraq.
In October 2007, when wildfires swept through the area, Blackwater made at least three deliveries of food, water, personal hygiene products and generator fuel to 300 residents near the proposed training site, many of whom had been trapped for days without supplies.
On July 21, 2008, Blackwater Worldwide stated that it would shift resources away from security contracting because of the extensive risks in that sector.
Subsequently, it reorganized its business units, added a corporate governance and ethics program, and established an independent committee of outside experts to supervise compliance structures.
In 2009, Prince announced that he would relinquish involvement in the company's day-to-day business in December, along with some of his ownership rights.
In 2010, a group of private investors purchased Xe's North Carolina training facility and built Academi, a new company, around it.
Academi's Board of Directors included former Attorney General John Ashcroft, former White House Counsel and Vice Presidential Chief of Staff Jack Quinn, retired Admiral and former NSA Director Bobby Ray Inman, and Texas businessman Red McCombs, who served as Chairman of the Board.
A merger between Triple Canopy and Academi, along with other companies that were part of the Constellis Group package, are now all gathered under the Constellis Holdings, Inc. umbrella.
The transaction brings together an array of security companies including Triple Canopy, Constellis Ltd., Strategic Social, Tidewater Global Services, National Strategic Protective Services, ACADEMI Training Center and International Development Solutions.
The mercenaries were being led by an Australian commander believed to have been hired by the United Arab Emirates to fight the Houthi insurgency.
In 2016, Ali al-Houthi, former President of the Revolutionary Committee, a body formed by Houthi militants, reported that a Tochka missile hit on a Saudi-led command center in Ma'rib resulting in the death of over 120 mercenaries, including 55 Saudi (9 officers), 11 UAE and 11 foreign commanders of Blackwater on January 17 as well as other material losses.
Also in 2016, two hundred Sudanese mercenaries from Blackwater and their commander US Colonel Nicolas Petras were killed in Yemen in an attack by Yemeni forces on January 31 with another Tochka missile that impacted a gathering of the Saudi forces at al-Anad military base in Lahij province according to Houthi and Iranian sources.
United States Training Center (USTC, formerly Blackwater Training Center) offers tactics and weapons training to military, government, and law enforcement agencies.
USTC also offers several open-enrollment courses periodically throughout the year, from hand to hand combat (executive course) to precision rifle marksmanship.
USTC's primary training facility, located on in northeastern North Carolina, comprises several ranges, indoor, outdoor, urban reproductions, a man-made lake, and a driving track in Camden and Currituck counties.
In November 2006 Blackwater USA announced it acquired an facility 150 miles (240 km) west of Chicago, in Mount Carroll, Illinois, to be called Blackwater North.
In the past, it has trained Greek security forces for the 2004 Olympics, Azerbaijan Naval Sea Commandos, and Afghanistan's Ministry of Interior.
Blackwater received a contract to train United States Navy sailors, which was managed by Jamie Smith, following the attack on the .
The company trains canines to work in patrol capacities as war dogs, explosives and drug detection, and various other roles for military and law enforcement duties.
Blackwater Security Consulting (BSC) was formed as a Delaware LLC in December 2001 and was the brainchild of Jamie Smith, a former CIA officer who was the Founding Director as well as acting Vice President of Blackwater USA.
The company, based in Moyock, North Carolina, is one of the private security firms employed during the Iraq War to guard officials and installations, train Iraq's new army and police, and provide other support for coalition forces.
After the September 11 attacks, Cofer Black, the former head of counter terrorism at the CIA, requested that the federal government hire more contractors to operate overseas.
This team was then trained and deployed on a Top Secret project to provide protection for CIA personnel and facilities in Afghanistan.
The two then deployed to the Pakistani border as a two-man element providing security assistance in one of the most dangerous places in the country at the time.
Prince stayed there for one week and was in Afghanistan for a total of two weeks, leaving Smith and the remainder of the team to continue to carry out the mission.
Academi's primary public contract is from the U.S. State Department under the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Worldwide Personal Protective Services (WPPS) and WPPS II umbrella contracts, along with DynCorp International and Triple Canopy, Inc., for protective services in Iraq, Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Israel.
Blackwater Target Systems company was managed by Jim Dehart and the company was largely responsible for keeping Blackwater Training Center financially solvent until the creation of Blackwater Security Company by Smith.
Presidential Airways (PAW) is a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Regulations Part 135 charter cargo and passenger airline based at Orlando Melbourne International Airport.
A CASA 212 aircraft, tail number N960BW, operated by Presidential Airways crashed on November 27, 2004, in Afghanistan; it had been a contract flight for the United States Air Force en route from Bagram to Farah.
In late September 2007, Presidential Airways received a $92m contract from the Department of Defense for air transportation in Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan.
Many of Blackwater's tactical and training aircraft are registered to Blackwater affiliate EP Aviation LLC, named for Blackwater's owner, Erik Prince.
In a letter released on February 8, 2011, the new owners informed state officials that they are shutting down the Moyock, North Carolina, operation and moving some employees to a new business location in Melbourne, Florida.
Erik Prince intended Greystone to be used for peacekeeping missions in areas like Darfur where military operations would need to take place to establish peace.
Blackwater moved about 200 personnel into the area hit by Hurricane Katrina, most of whom (164 employees) were working under a contract with the Department of Homeland Security to protect government facilities, but the company held contracts with private clients as well.
Academi (then Blackwater USA) was one of five companies picked in September 2007 by the Department of Defense Counter-Narcotics Technology Program Office in a five-year contract for equipment, material and services in support of counter-narcotics activities.
The other companies picked are Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, OHI, and Arinc Inc. Blackwater USA has also been contracted by various foreign governments.
In 2008, about 16 Blackwater personnel were in Afghanistan at any given time to support DoD and DEA efforts at training facilities around the country.
The Obama administration awarded Academi a $250 million contract to work for the U.S. State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency in Afghanistan.
In 2005, Blackwater worked to train the Naval Sea Commando regiment of Azerbaijan, enhancing their interdiction capabilities on the Caspian Sea.
In March 2006, Cofer Black, vice chairman of Blackwater USA, allegedly suggested at an international conference in Amman, Jordan, that the company was ready to move towards providing security professionals up to brigade size (3,000–5,000) for humanitarian efforts and low-intensity conflicts.
The CIA was acting on a 2001 presidential legal pronouncement, known as a finding, which authorized the CIA to pursue such efforts.
Several million dollars were spent on planning and training, but it was never put into operation and no militants were caught or captured.
The report cited an unnamed source who has worked on covert US military programs, who revealed that senior members of the Obama administration may not be aware that Blackwater is operating under a US contract in Pakistan.
In 2003, Blackwater attained its first high-profile contract when it received a $21 million no-bid contract for guarding the head of the Coalition Provisional Authority, L. Paul Bremer.
Since June 2004, Blackwater has been paid more than $320 million out of a $1 billion, five-year State Department budget for the Worldwide Personal Protective Service, which protects U.S. officials and some foreign officials in conflict zones.
In 2006, Blackwater was awarded a contract to protect diplomats for the U.S. embassy in Iraq, the largest American embassy in the world.
It is estimated by the Pentagon and company representatives that there are 20,000 to 30,000 armed security contractors working in Iraq, and some estimates are as high as 100,000, though no official figures exist.
Between 2005 and September 2007, Blackwater security staff were involved in 195 shooting incidents; in 163 of those cases, Blackwater personnel fired first.
Erik Prince points out that the company followed the orders of United States government officials, who frequently put his men in harm's way.
The Iraqi Government revoked Blackwater's license to operate in Iraq on September 17, 2007, after a massacre in which Blackwater contractors were later convicted of killing 14 Iraqi civilians.
The deaths occurred while a Blackwater Private Security Detail (PSD) was escorting a convoy of U.S. State Department vehicles en route to a meeting in western Baghdad with United States Agency for International Development officials.
The license was reinstated by the American government in April 2008, but in early 2009 the Iraqis announced that they had refused to extend that license.
In 2009, FBI investigators were unable to match the bullets from the shooting to those guns carried by Blackwater contractors, leaving open the possibility that insurgents also fired at the victims.
Intelligence reports concluded that Ahmad Hashim Abd al-Isawi was the mastermind behind the attack, and he was captured after a Navy SEAL special operation in 2009. al-Isawi was ultimately handed over to Iraqi authorities for trial and executed by hanging some time before November 2013.
In April 2004, at the U.S. government's headquarters in Najaf, hundreds of Shiite militia forces barraged Blackwater contractors, four MPs and a Marine gunner with rocket-propelled grenades and AK-47 fire for hours before U.S. Special Forces troops arrived.
As supplies and ammunition ran low, a team of Blackwater contractors away flew to the compound to resupply and bring an injured U.S. Marine back to safety outside of the city.
On February 16, 2005, four Blackwater guards escorting a U.S. State Department convoy in Iraq fired 70 rounds into a car.
An investigation by the State Department's Diplomatic Security Service concluded that the shooting was not justified and that the Blackwater employees provided false statements to investigators.
The statements claimed that one of the Blackwater vehicles had been hit by insurgent gunfire, but the investigation concluded that one of the Blackwater guards had actually fired into his own vehicle by accident.
John Frese, the U.S. embassy in Iraq's top security official, declined to punish Blackwater or the security guards because he believed any disciplinary actions would lower the morale of the Blackwater contractors.
On February 6, 2006, a sniper employed by Blackwater Worldwide opened fire from the roof of the Iraqi Justice Ministry, killing three guards working for the state-funded Iraqi Media Network.
In 2006, a car accident occurred in the Baghdad Green Zone when an SUV driven by Blackwater USA contractors crashed into a U.S. Army Humvee.
On December 24, 2006, a security guard of the Iraqi vice president, Adel Abdul Mahdi, was shot and killed while on duty outside the Iraqi prime minister's compound.
The DOJ investigated and announced in 2010 that they were declining to prosecute Moonen, citing a likely affirmative defense of self-defense and high standards for initiating such a prosecution.
Five Blackwater contractors were killed on January 23, 2007, in Iraq when their Hughes H-6 helicopter was shot down on Baghdad's Haifa Street.
Three insurgents claimed to be responsible for shooting down the helicopter, although this has not been confirmed by the United States.
A U.S. defense official has confirmed that four of the five killed were shot execution style in the back of the head, but did not know whether the four had survived the crash.
In late May 2007, Blackwater contractors opened fire on the streets of Baghdad twice in two days, one of the incidents provoking a standoff between the security contractors and Iraqi Interior Ministry commandos, according to U.S. and Iraqi officials.
However, according to incident testimony, the Blackwater guards tried to wave off the driver, shouted, fired a warning shot into the car's radiator, finally shooting into the car's windshield.
Documents obtained from the Iraq War documents leak of 2010 argue that Blackwater employees committed serious abuses in Iraq, including killing civilians.
On April 21, 2005, six Blackwater USA independent contractors were killed in Iraq when their Mil Mi-8 Hip helicopter was shot down.
Richter later returned from Iraq to the US and wrote a scathing review of the lax standards to which Blackwater was held accountable, only two weeks before a serious Blackwater incident in which 17 Iraqi civilians were shot and killed by Blackwater employees under questionable circumstances.
On October 2, 2007, Erik Prince attended a congressional hearing conducted by the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform following the controversy related to Blackwater's conduct in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Blackwater hired the public relations firm BKSH & Associates Worldwide, a subsidiary of Burson-Marsteller, to help Prince prepare for his testimony at the hearing.
Robert Tappan, a former U.S. State Department official who worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad, was one of the executives handling the account.
A staff report compiled by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on behalf of Representative Henry Waxman questioned the cost-effectiveness of using Blackwater forces instead of U.S. troops.
During his testimony on Capitol Hill, Erik Prince disputed this figure, saying that it costs money for the government to train a soldier, to house and feed them, they don't just come prepared to fight.
In the wake of Prince's testimony before Congress, the US House passed the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act in October 2007 that subsequently led to the prosecution by U.S. courts of some US military contractors, but only for incidents involving attacks on US nationals.
A July 2007 report from the American Congressional Research Service indicates that the Iraqi government still has no authority over private security firms contracted by the U.S. government.
The State Department will also install video surveillance equipment in all Blackwater armored vehicles, and will keep recordings of all radio communications between Blackwater convoys in Iraq and the military and civilian agencies that supervise their activities.
In December 2008, a US State Department panel recommended that Xe should be dropped as the main private security contractor for U.S. diplomats in Iraq.
In August 2010, the company agreed to pay a $42 million fine to settle allegations that it unlawfully provided armaments and military equipment overseas.
On September 23, 2007, the Iraqi government said that it expects to refer criminal charges to its courts in connection with the Blackwater shootings.
However, on October 29, 2007, immunity from prosecution was granted by the U.S. State Department, delaying a criminal inquiry into the September 16 shootings of 17 Iraqi civilians.
Immediately afterwards, the Iraqi government approved a draft law to end any and all immunity for foreign military contractors in Iraq, to overturn Order 17.
The U.S. Department of Justice also said any immunity deals offered to Blackwater employees were invalid, as the department that issued them had no authority to do so.
It is unclear what legal status Blackwater Worldwide operates under in the U.S. and other countries, or what protection the U.S. extends to Blackwater Worldwide's operations globally.
Legal specialists say that the U.S. government is unlikely to allow a trial in the Iraqi courts, because there is little confidence that trials would be fair.
Contractors accused of crimes abroad could be tried in the United States under either military or civilian law; however, the applicable military law, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, was changed in 2006, and appears to now exempt State Department contractors that provide security escorts for a civilian agency.
The Iraqi government announced that Blackwater must leave Iraq as soon as a joint Iraqi–US committee finishes drafting the new guidelines on private contractors under the current Iraqi–US security agreement.
On January 31, 2009, the U.S. State Department notified Blackwater that the agency would not renew its security contract with the company.
On January 31, 2010, three current and former U.S. government officials confirmed the Justice Department is investigating whether officials of Blackwater Worldwide tried to bribe Iraqi government officials in hopes of retaining the firm's security work in Iraq after the shooting in Nisour Square in Baghdad, which left 17 Iraqis dead and stoked bitter resentment against the United States.
The officials said that the Justice Department's fraud section opened the inquiry late in 2009 to determine whether Blackwater employees violated a federal law banning American corporations from paying bribes to foreign officials.
They asked that Blackwater be held accountable for future negligence of employees' lives, and that federal legislation be drawn up to govern contracts between the Department of Defense and defense contractors.
Blackwater then countersued the lawyer representing the empty estates of the deceased for $10 million on the grounds the lawsuit was contractually prohibited from ever being filed.
On November 27, 2004, an aircraft operated by Presidential Airways and owned by its sister company, Blackwater AWS, crashed in Afghanistan; it had been a contract flight for the United States Air Force en route from Bagram to Farah.
On October 11, 2007, the Center for Constitutional Rights filed suit against Blackwater under the Alien Tort Claims Act on behalf of an injured Iraqi and the families of three of the 17 Iraqis killed by Blackwater employees during the September 16, 2007, Blackwater Baghdad shootings.
In June 2009, an amended lawsuit was filed in US District Court in Alexandria, Virginia, alleging that Blackwater employees shot and killed three members of an Iraqi family, including a nine-year-old boy, who were traveling from the Baghdad airport to Baghdad on July 1, 2007.
Two affidavits filed as part of the suit by former employees accuse Blackwater of encouraging the murder of Iraqi civilians, and of murdering or having murdered employees who intended to testify against the company.
In August 2012, the company agreed to pay $7.5 million in fines, without admitting guilt, to the US government to settle various charges involving pre-Academi personnel.
February 2013, the majority of the remaining charges were dropped when it was shown that, in many cases, the Blackwater employees had been acting under the orders of the US government.
After the Nisour Square killings of 17 Iraqi civilians and the injury of 20 more by Blackwater convoy guards in a Baghdad traffic circle in September 2007, charges were brought against five guards.
Three were eventually convicted in October 2014 of 14 manslaughter charges and in April 2015 sentenced to thirty years plus one day in prison.
In the series' pilot, Lyta is described as a sixth-generation telepath, although she points out that telepathy may have been running in her family undetected even earlier, since telepaths were not monitored before that generation.
In the series it is stated that Lyta was trained by the Psi Corps, and that she briefly interned with the Psi Cops division.
Soon after arriving at the station, she scanned Vorlon Ambassador Kosh, in violation of the wishes of the Vorlon government, in order to try to discover the identity of his attacker.
While underground, she uncovered information regarding a mole among the Babylon 5 command staff, and returned to the station in late 2259 where she revealed Talia Winters as an unwitting mole for secret forces in EarthGov and Psi Corps.
In Season Four, Lyta was key to eventual resolution of the Shadow War on Coriana 6, serving as the vessel through which Sheridan and Delenn confronted the elder races and forced them to leave the galaxy.
Using unknown abilities and implanted instructions from the Vorlons, she triggered the destruction of the planet to spite Alfred Bester and to prevent Shadow technology from falling into the wrong hands.
She would go on to play a decisive role in the end game of the Earth Civil War, triggering the Shadow-modified telepaths smuggled aboard Earth ships to disable the fleet at Mars.
In Season Five, Alexander became romantically involved with Byron, revealing to the telepaths that they had been created by the Vorlons as weapons for their war with the Shadows.
After Byron's death, Alexander was inspired by his cause to create a homeworld for telepaths, and became the leader of a movement sponsoring violent resistance against the Corps.
Alexander then struck a deal with Michael Garibaldi to help her avoid prosecution, as well as provide funding for her cause.
Lyta's role in the series was largely taken up by Andrea Thompson, who was cast as Talia Winters, a telepath who took over Lyta's responsibilities in the station.
After Thompson left the series due to disagreements regarding the amount of screen time given to her character, Lyta returned as a recurring character in Seasons Two and Three, after Capt.
In the aforementioned script book, Straczynski wrote that both Lyta and Lennier were killed in the explosion of Psi Corps Headquarters in a major battle of the Telepath War.
Gross examination targets parameters that can be measured or quantified with the naked eye (or other senses), including volume, color, transparency, odor, and specific gravity.
A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using urine test strips, in which the test results can be read as color changes.
Urine test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test, or using information provided by the test strip/device manufacturer.
The odor (scent) of urine can normally vary from odorless (when very light colored and dilute) to a much stronger odor when the subject is dehydrated and the urine is concentrated.
A sodium-related parameter is fractional sodium excretion, which is the percentage of the sodium filtered by the kidney which is excreted in the urine.
It is a useful parameter in acute kidney failure and oliguria, with a value below 1% indicating a prerenal disease and a value above 3% indicating acute tubular necrosis or other kidney damage.
Helen Murray Free and her husband, Alfred Free, pioneered dry reagent urinalysis, resulting in the 1956 development of Clinistix (also known as Clinistrip), the first dip-and-read test for glucose in urine for patients with diabetes.
When doctors suggest/prescribe a urinalysis, they will request either a routine urinalysis or a routine and microscopy (R&M) urinalysis, with the difference being a routine urinalysis does not include microscopy or culture.
The numbers and types of cells and/or material such as urinary casts can yield a great detail of information and may suggest a specific diagnosis.
He entered the Church of England in 1856, a fact attributed by his former tutor William Farrer (1820–1908) to the influence of Clark's wife.
He was the Curate of St Matthias, Birmingham, 1857–1858, and then the Dean of Taunton and prebendary of Wells Cathedral from 1859 to 1880.
In 1882, aged about 53, he emigrated to Canada and became the Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Toronto, Ontario (from 1883 to 1908).
From that date to the time of his death he held the title of Emeritus Professor and as such he sat ex officio on the Council of Trinity College.
In recognition of his services to the Church and to education he was created a Canon of St. Alban's Cathedral, the Cathedral Church of St. James (Toronto), by the third Bishop of Toronto, Arthur Sweatman.
Among these services was the help he rendered in the formation of the General Synod of the Church of England in Canada, in 1893.
He was described as one of the foremost theologians in North America, and there are records of him delivering lectures in Michigan.
It seems that he was involved in the formation of the Empire Club of Canada, and became President of the Empire Club of Canada 1905 – 1906.
In Canada, he also became a close friend of the long-time Prime Minister and political figure, William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874–1950), who was also of Scottish descent, and the Reverend William Robinson Clark is referred to in the Archives of Canada.
He showed remarkable versatility and brilliancy in his work, both in the class room and on the public platform, as well as in his literary productions, which embrace Theology, History, and Literature.
He held this position for two years before leaving to pursue an MBA at the Harvard Business School, which he received in 1980.
Walsh entered the internet and online communications industry, nascent as it was, in 1986, joining Comp-U-Card (which later become CUC International) as VP and GM of their online ecommerce, etravel, eauto and ehospitality division.
From late 2015 to early 2017, Walsh was head of the Office of Investment and Innovation at the U.S. Small Business Administration by President Barack Obama.
Walsh has served or serves on a number of not for profit and for profit boards: Union College (chair from 2011–15), The Philadelphia Orchestra, The Baltimore Symphony, The Street.com, GoCanvas.com, Tribeca Flashpoint College, and others.
He was named to the Board of Directors of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington D.C., a pioneering think-tank founded by four former heads of the US Senate, Tom Daschle, George Mitchell, Howard Baker and Bob Dole.
Walsh also served as the Chief Technology Advisor to the Democratic National Committee during 2001 and 2002, and as the Head of Internet Strategy for John Kerry for President.
In ice hockey, a one timer is a shot that occurs when a player meets a teammate's pass with an immediate slapshot, without any attempt to control the puck on their stick.
A wrist shot can also be done on a one-timer, though the puck is released far slower than a slapshot one-timer.
In addition, South Korean statistics claim that, since the Korean Armistice Agreement in 1953, about 3,800 people have been abducted by North Korea (the vast majority in the late 1970s), 489 of whom were still being held in 2006.
Koreans from the south who were kidnapped to the north against their wishes during the 1950–53 Korean War and died there or are still being detained in North Korea are called wartime abductees or Korean War abductees.
Most of them were already educated or skilled, such as politicians, government officials, scholars, educators, doctors, judicial officials, journalists, or businessmen.
According to testimonies by remaining family members, most abductions were carried out by North Korean soldiers who had specific names and identification in hand when they showed up at people's homes.
South Koreans who were kidnapped by North Korean agents in the South Korean territory or foreign countries after the armistice was signed in 1953 are known as postwar abductees.
Most of them were captured while fishing near the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), but some were abducted by North Korean agents in South Korea.
North Korea continued to abduct South Koreans into the 2000s, as is shown by the cases of reverend, Kim Dongsik (), who was abducted on January 16, 2000, and Jin Gyeong-suk (), a North Korean defector to South Korea who was abducted on August 8, 2004, when she had returned to the China-North Korea border region using her South Korean passport.
There was an intention to drain the intelligentsia of South Korean society, exacerbate societal confusion, and promote communization of South Korea by making postwar rehabilitation difficult due to the shortage of technical specialists and youth.
Further, better-educated people could be employed by the institutions responsible for waging propaganda campaigns against the South in, say, their broadcast facilities.
In the case of Japanese abduction, on September 17, 2002, the North Korean government officially admitted the kidnapping of 13 Japanese citizens, at a meeting between North Korean leader Kim Jong-il and Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi.
As for the South Korean abduction issue, North Korea has consistently claimed that there were no South Korean abductees in North Korea.
After the Armistice in 1953, North Korea refused the release of South Korean wartime abductees despite a provision allowing civilian abductees to return home in Article III of the Korean War Armistice Agreement, a document signed by representatives from the United States, North Korea and China.
In regards to the post war abductees, North Korea insists that the South Koreans defected to North Korea, and remain there of their own free will, but refuses to allow South Korean relatives to communicate with them.
The former husband of Japanese abductee Megumi Yokota, himself a suspected abductee from the South, was allowed to meet his South Korean mother in 2006, but Yokota's parents called the meeting a publicity stunt by North Korea, meant to isolate his daughter from her Japanese family, as the man has now remarried a native North Korean and has a son with her.
The Seoul government has clarified that resolving the Korean War POW and abductee issue is not only part of the Korean government's basic responsibility for protecting its citizens and one of the highest priorities.
But despite the South Korean government's official urging for the North Korean government to deal with the abduction issue, there has no substantial results so far.
Since the inter-Korean Summit held in 2000, the South and the North dealt with the abduction issue at the talks; the second South–North Summit, inter-Korean Prime Minister talk, and rounds of ministerial-level or inter-Korean Red Cross talks.
Because North Korea has been denying the existence of abductees and POWs on its territory, since November 2000, the South Korean government has been trying to resolve the issue through a more realistic approach of including the abductees and POWs in the category of separated families.
By doing so, families of POWs or abductees also could participate in the normal reunion events that were organized for families separated by the war.
As a result of these efforts, a total of 38 families of abductees and POWs were able to meet their family members in North Korea, and the fates of 88 people were confirmed.
Based on this law, the abducted persons, upon return to South Korea, will be entitled to receive assistance and the returning person himself or herself and their family members will be entitled to compensation for the human rights infringements sustained during the period.
On February 26, 1957, the South delivered the list of 7,034 people to the North through the International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC).
After the Korean War or during the Cold War period, a total of 3,795 people have been abducted and taken to North Korea.
Subsequently, through the South Korean government's protests and various efforts via the Korean National Red Cross, 3,309 people have returned to South Korea.
But in the late 1990s, through the testimonies of North Korean spies in South Korea, it was discovered that they were working in North Korea as instructors, teaching the basics of South Korean lifestyle to would-be undercover Northern operatives.
On June 5, 1970, North Korean patrol boats seized a South Korean broadcast vessel with 20 crew on board off the west coast near the military demarcation line.
In December 1969, North Korean agents hijacked a South Korean airliner YS-11 to Wonsan en route from Kangnung to Seoul with 51 persons aboard; in February 1970, 39 of the crew and passengers were released.
In February 1978, South Korean actress Choi Eun-hee and her film director husband Shin Sang-ok were kidnapped in Hong Kong and taken to Pyongyang.
They were abducted on the orders of Kim Jong-il, the son of North Korean President Kim Il-sung, who wanted to use them to improve the North Korean film industry.
In April 1984, South Korean government officials stated that the kidnappees were working in North Korea producing propaganda films that glorified Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il.
In the 1990s most abductions of this sort took place in China, and their victims were political activists, missionaries, and real or suspected South Korean spies.
North Korean abductions have not been limited to northeast Asia and many documented abductees have been kidnapped while abroad, making the issue of serious concern to the international community.
The KTU finally received official recognition in 1999 after the election of Kim Dae-Jung and many of the dismissed teachers were allowed to return to their former positions.
A series of scandals also deeply undermined the union's credibility, including the attempted cover-up of a sexual assault on one of its members, as well as the sexual harassment of trainee teachers by KTU members.
In July 2009, the KTU's offices were raided by police on charges of issuing an anti-government statement allegedly in violation of the Civil Servants Law and the Educational Workers Labor Union Act, which bans political activities for teachers' unions on matters unrelated to working conditions.
Per request by the KTU, the Education International, a multinational federation of teachers' unions, protested the investigations in a formal letter.
In ice hockey, a penalty shot is a type of penalty awarded when a team loses a clear scoring opportunity on a breakaway because of a foul committed by an opposing player.
A player from the non-offending team is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender.
A penalty shot is awarded to a player who is deemed to have lost a clear scoring chance on a breakaway by way of a penalty infraction by an opposing player.
A breakaway, in this case, means that there are no other players between the would-be shooter and the goaltender of the defending team.
Generally, the penalty shot is awarded in lieu of what would normally be a minor penalty, so the fouled team will not get both a penalty shot and a power play from a single infraction, even if they did not score on the former.
In addition to this, a penalty shot is awarded to the opposing team if a non-goalie player intentionally covers the puck in his own team's goal crease.
In the Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL), since its inception in 2004, a penalty shot is automatically awarded for a minor penalty in the final two minutes of overtime.
This rule was slightly changed prior to the 2008–09 season when the SPHL changed their overtime rules, shortening minor penalties in overtime to one minute.
Upon observing any of the above scenarios, an official will signal a penalty shot by raising his crossed arms above his head with his fists clenched, and then point to centre ice.
In some cases, the captain of the attacking team may pick a player from those on the ice at the time of the infraction.
Only a goaltender or alternate goaltender may be selected to defend the penalty shot, although the original goaltender usually stays in the net.
According to NHL rules, if an infraction which would usually attract a penalty shot occurs while the defending team's goaltender is off the ice (i.e.
The identified shooter is allowed to skate a short distance to the puck in order to gain momentum and then, unlike penalty kicks in soccer and penalty strokes in field hockey, the player is allowed to skate with the puck before shooting.
All players other than the selected shooter and the selected goaltender must move to either side of the ice surface in front of their respective benches.
If a penalty shot is awarded and the penalized team had pulled their goaltender in favour of an extra attacker, the player fouled is automatically awarded a penalty shot goal, regardless of whether the puck went in.
If the goaltender exits the crease prior to the attacker touching the puck, the official allows the play to continue, and any goal scored stands.
If the penalty shot is unsuccessful, however, the puck is returned to centre ice and the shot is re-taken, thus penalizing the goaltender by giving another penalty shot.
A goal may not be scored from a rebound off of the goaltender, the goal itself or the end boards (however, a goal can be scored from a shot which strikes the goal frame or the goaltender and then goes into the net as a result).
If the shot is unsuccessful, the puck is placed at either of the faceoff positions in the zone where the play occurred, and play resumes.
Shooters often consider the goaltender's strengths and weaknesses (such as a fast glove or stick save), preferred goaltending style (such as butterfly or stand-up) and method of challenging the shooter.
Goaltenders often consider the shooter's shot preference, expected angle of attack, a patented move a shooter commonly uses and even handedness of the shooter.
Minnesota Wild forward Mikko Koivu, Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk, Washington Capitals forward TJ Oshie and New York Rangers forward Martin St. Louis are examples of players who commonly use this strategy.
This is most commonly performed when a goaltender challenges a shooter by giving them an open hole (by keeping a glove, pad or stick out of position or being out of sound goaltending position altogether to tempt the shooter to aim for the given opening).
This is almost exclusively performed when a shooter either has a high level of confidence in their shot or they attempt to catch the goaltender by surprise.
Boston Bruins forward Brian Rolston, Minnesota Wild forward Thomas Vanek and Philadelphia Flyers defenseman Chris Pronger have all used this strategy with success.
In fact, Pronger succeeded in using this strategy in the 2006 Stanley Cup Finals against Carolina Hurricanes goaltender Cam Ward as a member of the Edmonton Oilers.
Sheldon Souray, owner of one of the hardest slapshots in the NHL, has succeeded by faking a slapshot and simply flipping the puck in.
Sometimes a player will even fake a wrist shot by lifting their opposite leg (left leg for a right-handed shooter) or just by flicking their stick directly above the puck.
League president Frank Patrick was fed up with deliberate fouls on players with good scoring opportunities and introduced the free shot.
The first shot taken was on December 6, 1921, and the first goal was scored on December 12, 1921 by Tom Dunderdale on Hugh Lehman.
The player could shoot while stationary within the circle, or could shoot while moving, as long as the shot was taken within the circle.
The goaltender had to be stationary until the puck was shot, and no more than in front of the goal mouth.
The first NHL penalty shot was awarded to the Montreal Canadiens' Armand Mondou on November 10, 1934; he was stopped by the Toronto Maple Leafs' George Hainsworth.
Erik Cole of the Carolina Hurricanes became the first NHL player to attempt two penalty shots in one game playing against the Buffalo Sabres and Martin Biron on November 9, 2005, scoring once.
In the Hurricanes' next game Cole was given another penalty shot but missed the net guarded by the Florida Panthers' Roberto Luongo.
Cole and Esa Pirnes (October 10 and October 12, 2003) are the only players in the NHL to have taken penalty shots in consecutive games.
On February 6, 2014 Max Pacioretty of the Montreal Canadiens was the first player to be awarded two penalty shots in the same period, against the Vancouver Canucks.
The occurrence of a penalty shot being called during regular season overtime in the NHL is a comparative rarity since the institution of a limited, five-minute sudden-death overtime for tie-breaking purposes following the 2000-01 NHL season (the overtime concept for regular season games itself being re-instituted for the 1983-84 season onwards), with only three skaters per side in such a period since the 2015-16 NHL season.
Since then, in Stanley Cup play, 46 penalty shots have been called, and only ten in the Final since the first one in NHL play in 1937.
The first successful penalty shot in NHL Stanley Cup Final history occurred on June 5, 2006, when Chris Pronger of the Edmonton Oilers beat Cam Ward of the Carolina Hurricanes, following an illegal covering of the puck by Carolina's Niclas Wallin.
, the most recent failed attempt occurred in the 2007 Final, when Antoine Vermette of the Ottawa Senators had his shot turned aside by Jean-Sébastien Giguère of the Anaheim Ducks.
This occurred on Friday, November 27, 2009 in a game from the ECHL league between the Utah Grizzlies and the Alaska Aces.
Vladimir Nikiforov of the Utah Grizzlies was pulled down from behind on a breakaway and as the play continued the opposing team knocked the net off of its moorings intentionally.
Once the referee stopped play he awarded Nikiforov two shots, with the second being negated if a goal was scored on the first, however the goaltender, Scott Reid stopped both shots.
A similar sequence happened in the 2019 World Juniors in a game between Switzerland and Russia, where Swiss forward Marco Lehmann was tripped twice on the same breakaway, resulting in two penalty shots for Switzerland, both of which were missed, by Lehmann and Philipp Kurashev.
Johann Jakob Bachofen (22 December 1815 – 25 November 1887) was a Swiss antiquarian, jurist, philologist, anthropologist, and professor for Roman law at the University of Basel from 1841 to 1845.
Born into a wealthy Basel family active in the silk industry, Bachofen studied in Basel and in Berlin under August Boeckh, Karl Ferdinand Ranke and Friedrich Carl von Savigny as well as in Göttingen.
He was called to the Basel chair for Roman law in 1841, but he retired early in 1845, and published most of his works as a private scholar.
In computing, a memory address is a reference to a specific memory location used at various levels by software and hardware.
Such numerical semantic bases itself upon features of CPU (such as the instruction pointer and incremental address registers), as well upon use of the memory like an array endorsed by various programming languages.
the BIOS, operating systems, and some specialized utility programs (e.g., memory testers), address physical memory using machine code operands or processor registers, instructing the CPU to direct a hardware device, called the memory controller, to use the memory bus or system bus, or separate control, address and data busses, to execute the program's commands.
The width of the bus, and thus the number of addressable storage units, and the number of bits in each unit, varies among computers.
In early computers logical and physical addresses corresponded, but since the introduction of virtual memory most application programs do not have a knowledge of physical addresses.
Rather, they address logical addresses, or virtual addresses, using the computer's memory management unit and operating system memory mapping; see below.
For example, the Data General Nova minicomputer, and the Texas Instruments TMS9900 and National Semiconductor IMP-16 microcomputers used 16 bit words, and there were many 36-bit mainframe computers (e.g., PDP-10) which used 18-bit word addressing, not byte addressing, giving an address space of 2 36-bit words, approximately 1 megabyte of storage.
The efficiency of addressing of memory depends on the bit size of the bus used for addresses – the more bits used, the more addresses are available to the computer.
In contrast, a 36-bit word-addressable machine with an 18-bit address bus addresses only 2 (262,144) 36-bit locations (9,437,184 bits), equivalent to 1,179,648 8-bit bytes, or 1152 KB, or 1.125 MiB—slightly more than the 8086.
For example, each address in the IBM 1620's magnetic-core memory identified a single six bit binary-coded decimal digit, consisting of a parity bit, flag bit and four numerical bits.
In practice, the CPU supported 20,000 memory locations, and up to two optional external memory units could be added, each supporting 20,000 addresses, for a total of 60,000 (00000–59999).
Modern processors, including embedded systems, usually have a word size of 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 bits; most current general purpose computers use 32 or 64 bits.
Many different sizes have been used historically, including 8, 9, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 39, 40, 48 and 60 bits.
For instance, many 8-bit processors, such as the MOS Technology 6502, supported 16-bit addresses— if not, they would have been limited to a mere 256 bytes of memory addressing.
The 16-bit Intel 8088 and Intel 8086 supported 20-bit addressing via segmentation, allowing them to access 1 MiB rather than 64 KiB of memory.
All Intel Pentium processors since the Pentium Pro include Physical Address Extensions (PAE) which support mapping 36-bit physical addresses to 32-bit virtual addresses.
In theory, modern byte-addressable 64-bit computers can address 2 bytes (16 exbibytes), but in practice the amount of memory is limited by the CPU, the memory controller, or the printed circuit board design (e.g.
Its interpretation, as data of some data type or as an instruction, and use are determined by the instructions which retrieve and manipulate it.
Some early programmers combined instructions and data in words as a way to save memory, when it was expensive: The Manchester Mark 1 had space in its 40-bit words to store little bits of data – its processor ignored a small section in the middle of a word – and that was often exploited as extra data storage.
Self-modifying code is generally deprecated nowadays, as it makes testing and maintenance disproportionally difficult to the saving of a few bytes, and can also give incorrect results because of the compiler or processor's assumptions about the machine's state, but is still sometimes used deliberately, with great care.
A computer program can access an address given explicitly – in low-level programming this is usually called an , or sometimes a specific address, and is known as pointer data type in higher-level languages.
above), as well as from physical and virtual memory (see below) — in other words, numerically identical pointers refer to exactly the same byte of RAM.
Many modern DSPs (such as the Motorola 56000) have three separate storage areas — program storage, coefficient storage, and data storage.
Some commonly used instructions fetch from all three areas simultaneously — fewer storage areas (even if there were the same total bytes of storage) would make those instructions run slower.
Early x86 computers use the segmented memory model addresses based on a combination of two numbers: a memory segment, and an offset within that segment.
It is located next to Lake Keitele in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Central Finland region.
The village was initially known as Paadentaipale; the first mentions of the current name come from are from the 16th century .
The opening of the railroad in 1898 industrialized Suolahti and increased the waterborne traffic on Keitele, for which Suolahti provided a railway harbour at its south end.
Marty Kaplan is the Norman Lear Professor of Entertainment, Media and Society at the USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism and the founding director of the Norman Lear Center for the study of the impact of entertainment on society.
The recipient of a Marshall Scholarship from the British government, he received a master's degree in English with First Class Honours from Cambridge University in England.
Kaplan served in the administration of President Jimmy Carter as chief speechwriter to Vice President Walter F. Mondale, and also as executive assistant to the U.S. Commissioner of Education, Ernest L. Boyer.
He also worked with Boyer on education policy while a program officer at the Aspen Institute, a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution, and a senior advisor at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Kaplan worked at the Walt Disney Studios for 12 years, as vice president of production for live-action feature films and as a writer-producer under exclusive contract.
Kaplan was associate dean of the USC Annenberg School for 10 years and is the founding director of the School's Norman Lear Center, a center of research and innovation whose mission is to study and shape the impact of media and entertainment on society.
His Lear Center research includes the political coverage on U.S. local TV news broadcasts, the effects on audiences of public health messages in entertainment storylines; the impact of new technology and intellectual property law on the creative industries, best practices in and barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration, and the depiction of law and justice in popular culture.
In 1986, Kaplan married Susan Estrich, a lawyer, professor, author, political operative, feminist advocate, and future political commentator for Fox News.
Lochwinnoch (; , ) is a village in the council area and historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland.
Lying on the banks of Castle Semple Loch and the River Calder, Lochwinnoch is chiefly a residential dormitory village serving nearby urban centres such as Glasgow and Paisley.
The Town also lends its name to a civil parish of some of the surrounding countryside, including the nearby village of Howwood.
Lochwinnoch is first recorded in the 12th Century as a parish under the higher control of Paisley and Renfrew, but the area has been inhabited since the neolithic period.
The early 18th-century St John's Church, also known as 'Auld Simon' (whose front gable still stands at the eastern end of the High Street), was probably built on the site of a pre-Reformation church dating to the Medieval period.
It is dedicated to St. John, hence the name of Johnshill, more properly St. John's Hill, and St. John's well, located in the garden adjacent to the Church Yard.
Auld Simon's early 19th-century replacement, the Church of Scotland-administered Parish Church, complements the formal open space of Harvey Square, on Church Street.
Built not far from the village of Lochwinnoch, Barr Castle is a 15th-century keep which was altered in the 16th century (and probably later, too).
The main hall was on the first floor, reached by a turnpike stair, which continued to the rooms on the upper floors.
The family, variously known as Sempill, Sempil, Sempel and Semple, had probably owned estates in the area from as early as the 13th century.
Robert Semple, Steward of the barony of Renfrew during the reign of Alexander II, was recorded as living in Elliston Castle, whose ruins lie near Howwood.
The Semples of Elliston fought for Robert the Bruce, and steadily grew in power to become the Steward's hereditary Baillies of Renfrewshire.
At some point, probably in the 15th century, the family built a tower keep at the east end of the north shore of the Loch.
In addition to buying the Shawfield Mansion in Glasgow as his town-house he instructed the rebuilding and expansion of Castle Semple in the grand Palladian style in 1735.
Castle Semple House remains only as ruined buildings, such as the west gate, the garden wall, and a hexagonal building known as The Temple, which was built in 1770 on a hill overlooking the Loch.
As such, notwithstanding the older Johnshill settlement, the village in its modern form was a planned community, rather than one evolving over time.
From the 1860s mechanised furniture manufacturing in Scotland was led by factories in the Lochwinnoch and Beith districts, and became dominated by seven major companies of which Joseph Johnstone & Co Ltd of Lochwinnoch was the largest in Scotland, specialising in dining room furniture of the highest quality.
The Muirshiel Barytes Mine to the north of the village carried out Baryte from the late 18th century, and by 1918 was known as the Muirshiels Mineral Co. of Lochwinnoch.
It closed in 1920, then was reopened in 1942, becoming the Muirshiel Barytes Co. and employing workers from Lochwinnoch and Kilbirnie.
Production ended in 1969, the remaining tracks and structures now form a feature near the Muirshiel Visitor Centre in the country park.
In 1972, a number of buildings in the village were brought within a newly defined Lochwinnoch Conservation Area as an area of special architectural importance for planning and environment purposes administered by the local authority.
Lochwinnoch is probably not named after a Loch called 'Loch Winnoch' (the name almost certainly predates the use of the Scots language in the area, since it is Celtic, as mentioned above) being located next to Castle Semple Loch.
There is a long history of drainage schemes and farming operations in the Lochwinnoch area, with co-ordinated attempts dating from about 1691 by Lord Sempill, followed by Colonel McDowal of Castle Sempil in 1774, James Adams of Burnfoot, and by others.
Until these drainage works there was one big loch consisting of Castle Semple loch, Barr loch and, in times of flooding, Kilbirnie Loch.
Early writers such as Boece, Hollings and Petruccio Ubaldini regarded the three lochs as one, usually applying the name 'Garnoth' or 'Garnott'.
Therefore, the two lochs of today, Castle Semple and Barr Lochs, lie in an area covered by one large loch which may have been known as ‘Loch Winnoch’ until the end of the 18th century when silt brought down by the River Calder divided the one loch into two, creating Castle Semple and Barr Loch as separate entities.
The loch plays host to a variety of watersports, being part of the Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park and an RSPB bird sanctuary is nearby.
There are three public houses in Lochwinnoch; the Corner Bar, the Brown Bull and the Three Churches Inn (previously the Garthland Arms).
There is also a cafe, the Junction Bistro located at the cross, and a restaurant at the Golf Course which is open to non-members.
Lochwinnoch Parish Church (Church of Scotland) is located on Church Street and meets on Sunday at 11.00am, as does the Calder United Free Church also of Church Street.
A second Lochwinnoch railway station was opened in 1905 as part of the Dalry and North Johnstone Line, with the first station being renamed Lochside, until reverting to its original name in the 1990s, the station on the north line closed in 1966.
The former railway line serving this second station has been converted into a cycle path and is now part of the National Cycle Network's National Cycle Route Number 7, running from Glasgow to Gretna.
The lower building is the original school and the upper school was built to accommodate the nursery which was added to the school.
The ship was 'planted' on a sandy seabed at approximately from the wreck of the Liberty ship , which has been a dive site for many years.
There are fears that the continuing deposition close to the wreck of dredged waste from the Tamar estuary has led to large quantities of silt spreading through the ship and frequently mixing with the moving water reducing visibility, thereby preventing divers from finding their way out before their air supply diminishes.
Following a 2014 survey the National Marine Aquarium who manage the site advised divers not to enter the wreck and solely to undertake scenic dives.
degree from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) in Montreal, Quebec in 1973 and pursued, but did not complete, a Ph.D.
Proulx lived for more than 30 years in Vermont, has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (named Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia).
In 1994, she moved to Saratoga, Wyoming, spending part of the year in northern Newfoundland on a small cove adjacent to L'Anse aux Meadows.
Proulx has four sisters: twins Joyce and Janet, who live in Louisiana and Florida respectively; Roberta, of Fairlee, Vermont; and Jude, another writer who lives in Wales.
The opera of the same name with a libretto by Proulx herself premiered January 28, 2014 at the Teatro Real in Madrid.
It was praised for an often brilliant adaptation that clearly conveyed the text of the libretto with music that is rich in imagination and variety.
Free Willy is a 1993 American family drama film, directed by Simon Wincer, produced by Lauren Shuler Donner and Jennie Lew Tugend, and written by Keith A. Walker and Corey Blechman from a story by Walker.
The pod is then hunted down by a group of whalers, and one of them, named Willy, is separated and captured in their nets and sent to an amusement park while his pod can do nothing to help.
Sometime later in Seattle, Jesse (Jason James Richter), a troubled 12-year-old boy abandoned by his mother six years before, is caught by the police for stealing food and vandalizing the theme park.
Jesse's social worker Dwight (Mykelti Williamson) earns him a reprieve by finding him a foster home and having him clean up the graffiti at the theme park as part of his probation.
His foster parents are the supportive and kind Annie and Glen Greenwood (Jayne Atkinson and Michael Madsen), but Jesse is initially unruly and hostile to them.
Willy is regarded as stubborn and difficult by the park staff, including his trainer Rae Lindley (Lori Petty), but Willy takes a liking to Jesse's harmonica playing, and later saves Jesse from drowning one night.
The two start a unique bond, and Jesse also becomes friendly with Willy's keeper, Randolph Johnson (August Schellenberg), who eventually teaches Jesse about his people and their connections with orcas after telling Jesse a story about a young Haida brave named Natsaclane and the first Orca whales.
On the day of the first performance, Willy is antagonized by children banging constantly on his underwater observation area and refuses to perform.
At a seashore, Dwight lectures the boy on how his mother is never coming back, and how he is better off with the Greenwoods, only for Jesse to send Dwight away.
Later, while at the tank, Jesse notices Willy's family calling to him from the ocean and realizes how miserable he is in captivity.
They deliberately damage the tank enough that the water will gradually leak out and kill Willy, allowing them to cash in on his $1,000,000 insurance policy.
They use equipment at the park to load Willy onto a trailer, and Jesse and Randolph use Glen's truck to tow Willy to a nearby marina.
Glen smashes through the gate, turns the truck around and backs Willy into the water, flooding his truck in the process.
Willy is finally released into the water but does not immediately move, seemingly having been on dry land for too long.
Dial and his associates attempt to stop them, but Jesse and his family and friends fight back, trying to hold them off long enough for Willy to swim away.
Before he can make it into the ocean, however, two of Dial's whaling ships suddenly appear, sealing off the marina with their nets.
Jesse goes to the edge and tells Willy that if he makes the jump, it will be his highest, and he'll be free.
Willy makes the jump over the dike and lands in the ocean on the other side, finally free to return to his family.
Most close-up shots involving limited movement by Willy, such as when Willy is in the trailer and the sequences involving Willy swimming in the open water, make use of an animatronic stand-in.
Walt Conti, who supervised the effects for the orcas, estimated that half of the shots of the orca used animatronic stand-ins.
Conti stated that the smaller movements of a real orca actually made things difficult in some ways for him and his crew; they had to concentrate on smaller nuances in order to make the character seem alive.
The most extensive use of CGI in the film is the climax, filmed in Astoria, Oregon, where Willy jumps over Jesse and into the wild.
All stunts with the orca were performed by the young orca trainer Justin Sherbert (known additionally by his stage name, Justin Sherman).
Afterward, its rank in the box office began to gradually decline, with the exception of a three-day weekend (September 3 to September 6), in which gross revenue increased by 33.6%.
After working with handlers, he was released from a sea pen in the summer of 2002 and swam to Norway following a pod of wild orcas.
His subsequent return to humans for food and for company, and his inability to integrate with a pod of orcas, however, confirms that the project had failed according to a scientific study published in the journal Marine Mammal Science (July 2009).
Reasons cited for Keiko's failure to adapt include his early age at capture, the long history of captivity, prolonged lack of contact with other orcas, and strong bonds with humans.
When the use of surnames was adopted in the Scottish Lowlands, the descendants of the Earl's younger son named themselves 'Ralston' after the estates.
The lands remained in the Ralston family until 1704 when they were sold by Gavin Ralston to John, Earl of Dundonald, who conferred them on his daughter, Lady Anne Cochrane, when she married James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton.
Their son sold Ralston in 1755 to William MacDowal of Castle Semple, an eminent Glasgow merchant and one of the founders of the Ship Bank there.
His son, William of Garthland and Castle Semple, sold Ralston in 1800 to William Orr, son of a Paisley manufacturer who, with his brother, had made his fortune in the manufacture of linens in Ireland.
Three years earlier, he had acquired from the Earl of Glasgow, part of the lands of Ingliston, on which he built an elegant manor house.
Upon purchase of the estates, he merged all of them into one, which he called Ralston, and his manor house became the Mansion of Ralston.
The ruins of Ralston Mansion were demolished in the 1930s, however part of the original stonework forms an annex to the club house at Ralston Golf Club.
In the early 19th century, the development of the textile industry in Renfrewshire resulted in the increase in road traffic across the county.
The original road ran from Paisley, through the then-village of Williamsburgh and across the tops of the Byres, Barshaw and Honeybog hills.
When a programme of long distance road construction was introduced, a new road was built, snaking through the low-lying ground at the foot of the hills.
Villas began to appear along Glasgow Road in the late 19th century, mostly in what is now the Oldhall district near Barshaw Park.
A village-proper was established in the valley between the hills of Bathgo and Honeybog in the early 1930s as post-war residential development increased.
Developers planned Ralston as a leafy haven for wealthy Paisley textile merchants, wishing to raise their families in a more rural setting beyond the burgh's boundaries.
To the east, Ralston's painted stone cottages and their proudly-maintained front gardens define the Glasgow Road all the way to the Renfrewshire border and beyond, merging unobtrusively with the cottages of neighbouring Crookston.
Ralston's northern edge is defined by South Arkleston farm at the foot of Penilee Bridge; its southern extent is limited by Ralston Golf Course and the leeward side of Bathgo Hill.
To the north, the district's official (ward) boundary extends beyond Penilee Bridge, to the main Paisley - Glasgow railway (Inverclyde Line), which forms the boundary between North and South Arkleston farms.
To the south, Ralston's 'jurisdiction' takes in the whole of Ralston Golf Course and extends beyond the Paisley Canal railway line to the White Cart Water at Ross Hall Mains farm.
Despite Paisley's pre-1974 burgh boundary intersecting the Glasgow Road at the corner of Oldhall Road, today, the district is considered by many, including the local community council, to include the part of Paisley between Hawkhead Road and the historic Paisley-Ralston boundary.
This is primarily attributable to the fact that, in spite of the formal administrative boundaries, both current and traditional, children living east of Hawkhead Road have always fallen within the catchment area of Ralston Primary School.
In a local referendum, held in 1995 ahead of the planned abolition of the Strathclyde Region and the partition of Renfrewshire into three separate local government areas, the residents of Ralston voted overwhelmingly against leaving the new Paisley-based (and Labour-dominated) Renfrewshire authority to become an annex of the newly partitioned (and Conservative-run) East Renfrewshire.
Despite East Renfrewshire's assurance that a local government office would be set up within Ralston, locals were concerned that the district would be no more than a remote outpost, linked to the rest of the authority by a narrow strip of countryside with no direct road or public transport links connecting the two.
By far the most persuasive reason against annexation, however, was that Ralston School was (and is) one of the five feeder primaries, serving Paisley's Grammar School.
Parents were concerned that if the district were to leave the jurisdiction of Renfrewshire's education authority, local children would be prevented from attending Ralston's closest secondary school.
In terms of local democracy, the district is represented by the Ralston Community Council, which lobbies the Renfrewshire authority on matters of local significance.
Nationally, the area falls within the Paisley constituency of the Scottish Parliament and is represented in the UK Parliament as part of Paisley and Renfrewshire North.
Today, mainly as a result of postal addressing and local government reorganisation, many newcomers to Ralston are unaware that they do not technically live in Paisley.
The main road through Ralston is the A761, which begins in Port Glasgow at the junction with the A8, and runs through Linwood and Paisley before reaching Ralston.
It then continues across the Renfrewshire-Glasgow border through Crookston, Cardonald and Ibrox to Paisley Road Toll, where it meets the A8 once again.
The road is regularly subject to police speed checks, due to the problem of drivers speeding through Ralston's 30 mph limit.
Ralston is bounded by both the Paisley Canal and Ayrshire & Inverclyde railway lines on its southern and northern sides, respectively.
Whilst Hillington, Crookston and Hawkhead stations are close for some residents, the majority of the district's population live too far away to receive a convenient train service.
The Paisley Canal line partially re-opened in 1990, following its closure in 1983, one of the last railway lines to ever fall victim of the Beeching cuts.
Primarily on account of its location on the main route between Paisley and Glasgow, Ralston is well-served by local bus services, with some services running 24 hours a day at weekends.
It is estimated that the frequency of buses on the main A761 road is every 2–3 minutes during the day, which makes traffic through Ralston very busy indeed.
First Glasgow, First Stop Travel and McGill's Bus Services operate bus routes through the area, connecting Ralston with neighbouring towns and facilities, including Paisley, Johnstone, Glasgow Airport and Glasgow.
It is designated as part of the Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier UNESCO World Heritage Site.
For example, the stones at the northern (outer) side of the gate were never abraded, and the protruding stones would have made it impossible to install movable gates.
In Roman times, the Porta Nigra was part of a system of four city gates, one of which stood at each side of the roughly rectangular Roman city.
The gates stood at the ends of the two main streets of the Roman Trier, one of which led north-south and the other east-west.
In the early Middle Ages the Roman city gates were no longer used for their original function and their stones were taken and reused for other buildings.
The top floor of the eastern tower was removed, and a new clerestory level was built over the nave, east tower and apse.
The ground floor with the large gates was buried inside a terrace, and a large staircase was constructed alongside the south side (the town side) up to the lower church.
An additional gate (the much smaller Simeon Gate) was built adjacent to the East side of the Porta Nigra and served as a city gate in medieval times.
In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte dissolved the church in the Porta Nigra and the monastery beside it, along with the vast majority of Trier's numerous churches and monasteries.
Local legend has it that Napoleon originally wanted to completely tear down the church, but locals convinced him that the church had actually been a Gaulish festival hall before being turned into a church.
Another version of the story is that they told him about its Roman origins, persuading him to convert the gate back to its original form.
In 1986 the Porta Nigra was designated a World Heritage Site, along with other Roman monuments in Trier and its surroundings.
At the south side of the Porta Nigra, remains of Roman columns line the last 100 m of the street leading to the gate.
Positioned where they had stood in Roman times, they give a slight impression of the aspect of the original Roman street that was lined with colonnades.
In summer, guided tours are also offered by an actor dressed up as and portraying a centurion (a Roman army officer) in full armour.
New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois, USA, is named after the city of Trier, Germany, and New Trier's logo depicts the Porta Nigra.
The colleges were originally separate institutions - Hobart College for men and William Smith College for women - that shared close bonds and a contiguous campus.
In 1943, William Smith College was elevated from its original status as a department of Hobart College to an independent college and the two colleges established a joint corporate identity.
By the time Bishop John Henry Hobart, of the Episcopal Diocese of New York, first visited the city of Geneva in 1818, the doors of Geneva Academy had just closed.
Bishop Hobart had a plan to reopen the academy at a new location, raise a public subscription for the construction of a stone building, and elevate the school to college status.
Roughly following this plan, Geneva Academy reopened as Geneva College in 1822 with conditional grant funds made available from Trinity Church in New York City.
The school arose from negotiations between William Smith, who sought to establish a women's college, and Hobart College President Langdon C. Stewardson, who sought to redirect Smith's philanthropy towards Hobart College.
Smith, however, was intent on establishing a coordinate, nonsectarian women's college, which, when realized, coincidentally gave Hobart access to new facilities and professors.
The two student bodies were educated separately in the early years, even though William Smith College was a department of Hobart College for organizational purposes until 1943.
That year, after a gradual relaxation of academic separation, William Smith College was formally recognized as an independent college, co-equal with Hobart.
It was called by trustee James Rees to announce Trinity Church in New York City had bequeathed an endowment of $750 per annum to the school, specifically for the support of an academy at Fairfield, New York.
Agreeable to the resolution, the bishop viewed several sites in Geneva and on March 17, 1821, he communicated to the trustees his selection of the college site.
The academy reopened its doors on April 25, 1821, in a frame schoolhouse erected in 1817 in the rear of Trinity Church in Geneva.
By the spring of 1822, sufficient community funds had been raised to complete Geneva Hall, a stone structure still in use today.
The State Regents of New York demanded the accumulation of funds yielding $4,000 per year before a permanent charter was granted.
The Regents granted the full charter on February 8, 1825, and at that time, Geneva Academy officially changed its name to Geneva College.
Times changed and the cost of education and the cost of living in Geneva soared, leaving quite a financial burden for the school.
By 1871, Hobart College had disbanded the medical school and sold its library, anatomical specimens, and other tangible assets to Dean John Towler, who donated them to Syracuse University on condition the trustees immediately establish an American Medical Association-approved medical school.
In an era when the prevailing conventional wisdom was no woman could withstand the intellectual and emotional rigors of a medical education, Elizabeth Blackwell, (1821–1910) applied to and was rejected – or simply ignored – by 29 medical schools before being admitted in 1847 to the Medical Institution of Geneva College.
The medical faculty, largely opposed to her admission but seemingly unwilling to take responsibility for the decision, decided to submit the matter to a vote of the students.
Blackwell graduated two years later, on January 23, 1849, at the top of her class to become the first woman doctor in the Northern hemisphere.
Blackwell went on to found the New York Infirmary for Women and Children and had a role in the creation of its medical college.
She then returned to her native England and helped found the National Health Society and taught at the first college of medicine for women to be established there.
The school was known as Geneva College until 1852, when it was renamed in memory of its most forceful advocate and founder, Bishop Hobart, to Hobart Free College.
While this affiliation continues to the present, the last Episcopal clergyman to serve as President of Hobart (1956–1966) was Louis Melbourne Hirshson.
During World War II, Hobart College was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.
Smith had built the Smith Opera House in downtown Geneva and the Smith Observatory on his property when he became interested in founding a college for women, a plan he pursued to the point of breaking ground before realizing it was beyond his means.
In 1903, Hobart College President Langdon C. Stewardson learned of Smith's interest and, for two years, attempted to convince him to make Hobart College the object of his philanthropy.
Unable to convince Smith to provide direct assistance to Hobart, President Stewardson redirected the negotiations toward founding a coordinate institution for women, a plan that appealed to the philanthropist.
On December 13, 1906, he formalized his intentions; two years later William Smith School for Women – a coordinate, nonsectarian women's college – enrolled its first class of 18 students.
In addition, Smith's gift made possible construction of the Smith Hall of Science, to be used by both colleges, and permitted the hiring, also in 1908, of three new faculty members who would teach in areas previously unavailable in the curriculum: biology, sociology, and psychology.
Between 1943 and 1945, Hobart College trained almost 1,000 men in the U.S. Navy's V-12 program, many of whom returned to complete their college educations when the post-World War II GI Bill swelled the enrollments of American colleges and universities.
In 1948, three of those veterans – William F. Scandling, Harry W. Anderson, and W. P. Laughlin – took over operation of the Hobart dining hall.
Their fledgling business was expanded the next year to include William Smith College; after their graduation, in 1949, it grew to serve other colleges and universities across the country, eventually becoming Saga Corporation, a nationwide provider of institutional food services.
Hobart and William Smith Colleges' campus is situated on in Geneva, New York, along the shore of Seneca Lake, the largest of the Finger Lakes.
The campus is notable for the style of Jacobean architecture represented by many of its buildings, notably Coxe Hall, which houses the President's Office and other administrative departments.
Located at the top of a large sloping hill to the West of Seneca Lake and the Hobart Quad, the Hill houses three historic William Smith dorms, and one built in the 1960s (Comstock, Miller, Blackwell, and Hirshson Houses).
In 2016 the Gearan Center for Performing Arts was completed at a cost of 28 million dollars; the largest project in the history of the colleges.
Constructed in 1901, the building is named after Bishop Arthur Clevland Coxe, a benefactor of the school, and houses the president's office, Bartlett Theater, The Pub, and a classroom wing, which was added in the 1920s.
Gearan Center for the Performing Arts, named in honor of President Mark D Gearan and Mary Herlihy Gearan, was in 2016.
Scandling Campus Center, named after William F. Scandling '49, renovated and expanded in 2009, houses Saga (the dining hall), the post office, offices of student activities, a cafe, and Vandervort room (a large event space).
Completely renovated in 1991, Gulick now houses both the Office of the Registrar and the Psychology department, which was moved from Smith Hall in 1991 prior to its renovation in 1992.
It is now home to the Dean's Offices of both colleges, along with the departmental offices of Writing and Rhetoric and the various modern language departments.
Smith Hall was the first building constructed with funds from William Smith on the William Smith College campus, but it is also the first building that has always been shared by both colleges.
Williams Hall, completed in 1907, housed the first campus gymnasium and, after the construction of Bristol gymnasium, served several other lives as campus post office, book store, IT services and location of the Music Department.
Demarest Hall, connected to St. John's Chapel by St. Mark's Tower, houses the departments of Religious Studies and English and Comparative Literature as well as the Women's Studies Program.
Also home to the Blackwell Room, named in honor of Elizabeth Blackwell (once used as study area and library, the space is now used for classrooms in the absence of more intentional planning for classroom space), Demarest was designed by Richard Upjohn's son, Richard M. Upjohn.
Today, it also houses the Fisher Center for the Study of Gender and Justice, an intellectual center led by such scholar faculty as Dunbar Moodie (Sociology), and Betty Bayer (Women's Studies).
Trinity served as a dormitory and a library, but it was converted into a space for classrooms, labs, and offices later in the 19th century.
On the eve of the Hobart centennial in 1922, students climbed to the top and made the bell strike 100 times.
St. John's Chapel, designed by Richard Upjohn the architect of Trinity Church in New York City, served as the religious hub of the campus, replacing Polynomous, the original campus chapel.
It was purchased in 1901 by the wife of Charles Vail (maiden name Helen Houghton), Hobart graduate and professor, as the family's summer home.
After many years as a student dorm, the house became home to the art department after the original art studio was razed to make way for the new Scandling Campus Center.
The building is now home to the Davis Art Gallery, with lecture rooms, multiple faculty offices, and architecture studios on the top floor.
King in 1882 and was renovated in 2006 to house a digital imaging lab and a photo studio with a darkroom for black-and-white photography.
Warren Hunting Smith Library, in the center of the campus, houses 385,000 volumes, 12,000 periodicals, and more than 8,000 VHS and DVD videos.
Rosenberg Hall, named for Henry A. Rosenberg (Hobart '52), is an annex of Lansing and Eaton Hall, the original science buildings.
Eaton Hall is a part of the science complex at the south end of the Hobart Quad, which consists of Lansing, Rosenberg, and Napier.
Geneva Hall, built in 1822, is the college's first building, and the cornerstone site designated by the School's founder, Bishop John Henry Hobart.
The building is one of the oldest academic building in continuous use, having served as a dormitory, among other uses, since its completion.
The building has inscribed into its quoins, and alongside the perimeter of its facade, plaques which list the graduates of classes dating back to the 19th century.
Durfee Hall was named after William Pitt Durfee, who from 1884 to 1929 served as Professor of Mathematics and Chair of the Mathematics Department.
Blackwell House was designed and built in 1860 by Richard Upjohn as a residence for William Douglass, who served as a trustee of Hobart College.
The house still houses William Smith students and is known for its grand Victorian features from fireplaces, to chandeliers, to large old windows.
Comstock is a women's dormitory named for Anna Botsford Comstock, friend of William Smith and the first woman to be named a member of the Board of Trustees.
Hirshson House, completed in 1962, was named for the president of the colleges, Louis Melbourne Hirshson, the last Episcopal clergy person to serve in that capacity.
Designed by Clinton and Russell architects at the same time as Coxe Hall, the two buildings share similarity in their Jacobean Gothic style.
The building was completely renovated in 2005 to include quad living spaces (two double bed rooms connected by a common living room) and open lounge spaces and lounges on every floor.
Jackson would go on to become president of Trinity College in Connecticut, where he would be the principal designer of its present campus.
Rees Hall is named for Major James Rees, an early settler and landowner in Geneva and an acquaintance of George Washington.
The dorm has provisions for singles, doubles, and quads, and is often desired by students due to the separate temperature controls in each room.
The dorm has provisions for singles, doubles, and quads, and is often desired by students due to the separate temperature controls in each room.
The Colleges own the Hanley Biological Field Station and Preserve on neighboring Cayuga Lake and hosts the Finger Lakes Institute, a non-profit institute focusing on education and ecological preservation for the Finger Lakes area.
The Colleges also own and operate WEOS-FM and WHWS-LP, public radio stations broadcasting throughout the Finger Lakes and worldwide, on the web.
Hobart and William Smith Colleges offer the degrees of bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, and Master of Arts in Teaching.
The revisions also adopted a Writing Enriched Curriculum model, the implementation of capstone experiences across all programs and departments and enhanced the First Year Experience.
They also live together on the same floor of a co-ed residence hall and attend some of the same lectures and field trips.
The Colleges maintain a robust menu of programs, 50+ sites on 6 continents, offering a wide array of options in different academic disciplines around the world.
On July 1, 2019, Joyce P. Jacobsen began serving as the 29th President of Hobart College and the 18th of William Smith College.
Founded in 2011 with a grant from alumnus Peter Trias, Hobart and William Smith Colleges established the Trias Writer-in-Residence, which brings renowned authors to campus for a year to mentor undergraduate creative writing students.
In honor of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910), the first woman in America to receive the Doctor of Medicine degree, the Elizabeth Blackwell Award is given by Hobart and William Smith Colleges to a woman whose life exemplifies outstanding service to humanity.
Senator Margaret Chase Smith (1991); former Surgeon General Antonia Novello (1991); Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (1985); Fe del Mundo, the first Asian woman admitted to Harvard Medical School (1966); Miki Sawada, who started an orphanage for abandoned mixed-race children (1960); among many others.
Shireen Avis Fisher, Nancy Zimpher, Mary Matalin and James Carville, Kathy Platoni, Svante Myrick, Cornel West, Ralph Nader, Hillary Clinton, Eric Liu, and Alan Keyes, among other prominent names.
Distributed internationally, the magazine's emphasis is poetry, and the editors have a special interest in translations of contemporary poetry from around the world.
Publisher of numerous laureates and award-winning poets, including Seamus Heaney, Rita Dove, Jorie Graham, Yusef Komunyakaa, Lisel Mueller, Wislawa Szymborska, Charles Simic, W.S.
Originally two separate publications, the Hobart Echo of Seneca, and the William Smith Pine, the two merged in the 1960s to create one publication to serve both colleges.
Notable recent victories include the 2016 Cornell IV, the 2015 Brad Smith Debate Tournament @ University of Rochester, the 2012 US National Championships, and the 2012 and 2009 Northeastern Regional Championship.
The team hosts the HWS IV (one of the largest tournaments in North America) each fall, and the HWS Round Robin (an international tournament of champions) each spring.
Every year, an HWS debater is honored with the Nathan D. Lapham Prize in Public Speaking, which comes with a cash award of up to $1000 to the student.
Colleges Chorale, a mixed ensemble which performs a wide range of a cappella choral repertoire — music from the Middle Ages to the present.
In addition to a formal concert at the end of each semester and the annual spring tour, the Colleges Chorale performs at various campus events throughout the year.
Since the group's formation in 1993, the sixteen-member Cantori has sought to foster contemporary choral music through the Cantori Commissioning Project – the annual commissioning and performance of a new work by a deserving American composer.
Recent programs have included extended works by Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn, Gabriel Fauré, Ottorino Respighi, Sir Edward Elgar, Aaron Copland, Benjamin Britten, and Randall Thompson.
Percussion Ensemble - a student group providing a performance opportunity for talented student percussionists, although students with minimal experience are encouraged to audition.
Founded as two separate colleges, Hobart for men in 1822 and William Smith for women in 1908, Hobart and William Smith Colleges preserve their own identities while benefiting from a shared campus, faculty, administration and curriculum.
By then, coeducational classes had become the norm, and the curriculum centered on the idea of an across-the-board education, encouraging students and faculty to consider their studies from several points of view.
In 1943, during the administration of President John Milton Potter, William Smith College was elevated from its original status as a department of Hobart College to that of an independent college, on equal footing with Hobart.
Upon arriving to campus for Orientation, students and their families are personally greeted by the president before signing their name in the matriculation book.
On the eve of the first day of classes, new students are invited to attend matriculation ceremonies hosted by the Dean’s Offices.
The Hobart and William Smith Dean’s Offices recognize the academic and social achievements of their students at celebratory events each spring semester.
In honor of John Henry Hobart and William Smith, the community gathers each year to mark the founding of Hobart College and William Smith College.
There are 23 varsity sports at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, with about 25% of students involved at the varsity level.
Hobart sponsors 11 varsity programs (basketball, cross country, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, rowing, sailing, soccer, squash, tennis), while William Smith also sponsors 12 varsity programs (basketball, cross country, field hockey, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, rowing, sailing, soccer, squash, swimming & diving, tennis).
Hobart and William Smith varsity teams have won 23 national championships and 104 conference championships, producing 665 All-Americans and 43 Academic All-America honorees.
The colleges compete in NCAA Division III, with the exception of men's lacrosse, which competes in the Division I Northeast Conference.
The colleges' main conference affiliation is with the Liberty League with the following exceptions: Hobart ice hockey competes in the New England Hockey Conference; Hobart lacrosse competes in the Northeast Conference; William Smith ice hockey competes in the United Collegiate Hockey Conference; and the William Smith golf team is an independent.
Hobart and William Smith recently finished construction on the Caird Center for Sports and Recreation, which is now home to most of its athletics teams.
Offensive linesman Ali Marpet, drafted in the 2nd round, 61st overall, of the 2015 NFL draft, is the highest-drafted pick in the history of Division III football.
He was three-time All-Liberty League first team (2012, 2013, 2014), and 2014 Liberty League Co-Offensive Player of the Year—the first offensive lineman in league history to be so honored.
The William Smith field hockey team has captured three national championships, ascending to the top of Division III in 1992, 1997 and 2000.
The William Smith soccer team was the first Heron squad to capture a national championship, winning the 1988 title bout with a 1–0 victory over University of California, San Diego.
The eventual champions, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, were known for having a large team and only able to defeat the Statesmen by securing a win in the 2nd Varsity 8+ – the only event that Hobart did not have an entry.
The Crew Team took part in the Henley Royal Regatta in Henley, England in the summer of 2011, as well as the summer of 2015.
(football); Elmira and Manhattanville (hockey); Cornell (one of the oldest in lacrosse) and St. John Fisher College in Victor, NY, Syracuse and Georgetown (lacrosse); and Michigan (crew).
William Smith has rivalries with St. Lawrence (lacrosse, basketball, field hockey), Union (soccer, field hockey, basketball, lacrosse), Hamilton (field hockey, basketball and lacrosse) and Ithaca College (crew).
Hobart used to be the home of several now inactive fraternities including, Pi Lambda Phi, Beta Sigma, Phi Phi Delta, Sigma Phi Society, Tau Kappa Epsilon, and Phi Kappa Tau.
On May 1, 2014, the U.S. Department of Education released a list of 55 colleges being investigated for potential violations of federal law regarding sexual assault and harassment complaints.
The story also alleged the members of the disciplinary panel that heard the case were uninformed about sexual assault and frequently changed the subject rather than hear the victim's account of events.
Following the report, the colleges unveiled new initiatives and policies, including revising their sexual violence policies, creating a rape hotline and forming an Office of Title IX Programs and Compliance.
Fighting in ice hockey is an established tradition of the sport in North America, with a long history that involves many levels of amateur and professional play and includes some notable individual fights.
Unique among North American professional team sports, the National Hockey League (NHL) and most minor professional leagues in North America do not eject players outright for fighting (although they may do so for more flagrant violations as part of a fight) but major European and collegiate hockey leagues do, and multi-game suspensions may be added on top of the ejection.
Physical play in hockey, consisting of allowed techniques such as checking and prohibited techniques such as elbowing, high-sticking, and cross-checking, is linked to fighting.
Although often a target of criticism, it is a considerable draw for the sport, and some fans attend games primarily to see fights.
Those who defend fighting in hockey say that it helps deter other types of rough play, allows teams to protect their star players, and creates a sense of solidarity among teammates.
Most fans and players oppose eliminating fights from professional hockey games, but considerable opposition to fighting exists and efforts to eliminate it continue.
There are a number of theories behind the integration of fighting into the game; the most common is that the relative lack of rules in the early history of hockey encouraged physical intimidation and control.
The implementation of some features, such as the blue lines in 1918, actually encouraged fighting due to the increased level of physical play.
Rather than ejecting players from the game, as was the practice in amateur and collegiate hockey, players would be given a five-minute major penalty.
Promoters such as Tex Rickard of Madison Square Garden, who also promoted boxing events, saw financial opportunities in hockey fights and devised marketing campaigns around the rivalries between various team enforcers.
Significant modifications from the original rule involve penalties which can be assessed to a fight participant deemed to have instigated the fight and additional penalties resulting from instigating a fight while wearing a face-shield.
Star players were also known to fight for themselves during the Original Six era, when fewer teams existed than in later years.
However, as the NHL's expansion in the late 1960s created more roster spots and spread star players more widely throughout the league, enforcers (who usually possess limited overall skill sets) became more common.
In an NHL preseason game between the Boston Bruins and St. Louis Blues in 1969, Bruins defenceman Ted Green and Blues left wing Wayne Maki, attacking Green, engaged in a bloody stick-swinging fight that resulted in Green sustaining a skull fracture.
In 1978, World Hockey Association Birmingham Bulls enforcer Dave Hanson, known for his 11-year professional career, fought Hall of Famer Bobby Hull and in the process got Hull's wig caught in his knuckles.
The incident landed Hanson in the news, and irate Winnipeg fans attempted to assault him on his way out of the arena.
That season, a bench-clearing brawl broke out at the end of the second period of a second-round playoff matchup between the Quebec Nordiques and the Montreal Canadiens.
A second bench-clearing brawl erupted before the third period began, provoked by the announcement of penalties; a total of 252 penalty minutes were incurred and 11 players were ejected.
Fights in the 1990s included the Brawl in Hockeytown in 1997, in which the Colorado Avalanche and Detroit Red Wings engaged in nine fights, including bouts between Darren McCarty and Claude Lemieux and goaltenders Patrick Roy and Mike Vernon.
The following year, a game between the Avalanche and Red Wings involved a fight between goaltenders Chris Osgood and Roy after which they received minor, major, and game misconduct penalties.
In 2004, a Philadelphia Flyers – Ottawa Senators game resulted in five consecutive brawls in the closing minutes of the game, including fights between many players who are not known as enforcers and a fight between Flyers goaltender Robert Esche and Senators goaltender Patrick Lalime.
The game ended with an NHL record 419 penalty minutes, and an NHL record 20 players were ejected, leaving five players on the team benches.
The 2014–15 season had 0.32 fights per game, as teams placed a greater emphasis on skating ability and fewer young players became enforcers.
Another rule automatically suspends the first player from each team that leaves the bench to join a fight when it is not their shift.
Rules of the NHL, the North American junior leagues, and other North American professional minor leagues punish fighting with a five-minute major penalty.
What separates these leagues from other major North American sports leagues is that they do not eject players simply for participating in a fight.
These rules state that at the initiation of a fight, both players must definitely drop their sticks so as not to use them as a weapon.
Players should not remove their own helmet before engaging in a fight due to risk of head injury or else both of the opposing players get an extra two penalty minutes.
Failure to adhere to any of these rules results in an immediate game misconduct penalty and the possibility of fines and suspension from future games.
A player is automatically ejected and suspended if the player tries to leave the bench to join a fight, or for using weapons of any kind (such as using a skate to kick an opponent, using a stick to hit an opponent, wrapping tape around one's hands, or spitting), as they can cause serious injury.
Furthermore, his coach can be suspended up to ten games for allowing players to leave the bench to join a fight.
A player ejected for three major penalties in a game, or for use of weapons, cannot be replaced for five minutes.
In 2003, the ECHL added an ejection, fine, and suspension of an additional game for any player charged as an instigator of a fight during the final five minutes of the third period or any overtime.
The NHL and AHL adopted the rule in 2005–06, and the NHL includes a fine against the ejected player's head coach.
A player who commits ten major penalties for fighting is suspended one game, and will be suspended one game on each such penalty for his 11th to 13th, and two games for his 14th and further penalties.
In Division I and Division III National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) hockey, the fighters are given a Game Disqualification, which is an ejection from the game and a suspension for as many games as the player has accrued Game Disqualifications during the course of a season.
For example, if a player engages in a fight having already received a Game Disqualification earlier in the season, he is ejected from that game and suspended for his team's next two games.
When Sheffield enforcer Dennis Vial crosschecked Nottingham forward Greg Hadden, Panthers enforcer Barry Nieckar subsequently fought with Vial, which eventually escalated into a 36-man bench-clearing brawl.
Referee Moray Hanson sent both teams to their locker rooms and delayed the game for 45 minutes while tempers cooled and the officials sorted out the penalties.
Eight players and both coaches were ejected, and a British record total of 404 penalty minutes were incurred during the second period.
The league handed out 30 games in suspensions to four players and Steelers' coach Mike Blaisdell and a total of £8,400 in fines.
Thirty-three players and both teams' coaches were ejected, and a world record total of 707 penalty minutes were incurred during the game.
The KHL imposed fines totaling 5.7 million rubles ($191,000), suspended seven players, and counted the game as a 5–0 defeat for both teams, with no points being awarded.
A 1987 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships game between Canada and the Soviet Union was the scene of a bench-clearing brawl that lasted 20 minutes and prompted officials to turn off the arena lights in an attempt to stop it, forcing the IIHF to declare the game null and void.
The fighting was particularly dangerous as fighting was a surprise and a custom unknown to the Soviet players, some of whom escalated the fighting beyond what was considered acceptable in North America.
Both teams were ejected from the tournament, costing Canada an assured medal, and the Soviet team was barred from the end-of-tournament dinner.
Coaches often send enforcers out when opposing enforcers are on the ice or any time when it is necessary to check excessively physical play by the opposing team.
Enforcers, particularly those with questionable playing skills, can be colloquially referred to as goons (a term also occasionally used for a related position, the pest, who may not fight but will agitate an opponent with rough play and goad the opponent into a fight).
There are also some personal reasons such as retribution for past incidents, bad blood between players, and simple job security for enforcers.
The fight may be between the assailant and the victim, between the assailant and an enforcer from the victim's team, or between opposing enforcers.
Fights that occur for retaliation purposes can be in immediate response to an on-ice incident, to incidents from earlier in the game, or to actions from past games.
For example, putting the opposing team on a power play due to penalties incurred from fighting is less advisable when the game is close.
For that reason, it can also be a gamble to start a fight for momentum; if an enforcer loses the fight, the momentum can swing the wrong way.
Intimidation is an important element of a hockey game and some enforcers start fights just to intimidate opposing players in hopes that they will refrain from agitating skilled players.
For example, in the late 1950s, Gordie Howe helped establish himself as an enforcer by defeating Lou Fontinato, a notable tough guy who tallied over 1,200 penalty minutes in his career.
After that incident, Howe got a lot more space on the ice and was able to score many goals over the span of his career because he intimidated other players.
Conversely, games in European professional leagues are known to be less violent than North American games because fighting is discouraged in Europe by ejection and heavy fines.
Since the penalties for fighting are so severe, the enforcers are less able to intimidate opposing players with fighting and said players take more liberties on the ice.
For teams that face each other frequently, players may fight just to send the message to the opposing players that they will be the target of agitation or aggression in future games.
Teams that are losing by a considerable margin often start these fights near the end of the game when they have nothing to lose.
Fighting within the game can also send a message to players and coaches from other teams that cheap shots, dirty plays, and targeting specific players will not be tolerated and there will be consequences involved.
Over the history of hockey, many enforcers have been signed simply to protect players like Wayne Gretzky, who was protected by Dave Semenko, Marty McSorley, and others, and Brett Hull, who was protected by Kelly Chase and others.
Many believe that without players protecting each other, referees would affect the game play by having to call more penalties, and the league would have to suspend players for longer periods.
Due to the farm systems that most professional hockey leagues use, enforcers who get a chance to play at the level above their current one (for example, an AHL player getting a chance to play in an NHL game) need to show other players, coaches, and fans that they are worthy of the enforcer role on the team.
There are also times when players and even entire teams carry on personal rivalries that have little to do with individual games; fights frequently occur for no other reason.
Since the 1979–80 season, teams in the bottom three of fighting-related major penalties have finished at the top of the regular-season standings 10 times and have won the Stanley Cup 11 times, while teams in the top three have won the regular season and Stanley Cup only twice each.
For example, on March 21, 2007, Colton Orr of the New York Rangers fought with Todd Fedoruk of the Philadelphia Flyers and ended up knocking Fedoruk unconscious.
Some players acknowledge that there is no harm in discussing the issue; however, most players and administrators continue to insist that fighting stay as a permanent element of organized ice hockey.
Some league administrators, such as former NHL senior vice-president and director of hockey operations Colin Campbell, have been circulating the idea of banning fighting in response to incidents such as the Fedoruk–Orr fight.
However, supporters of fighting say it provides a means of security for players, that fighting is a tool players use to keep opposing players in check; essentially allowing players to police which hits and dirty plays are unacceptable.
Wayne Gretzky, considered by many to be the greatest hockey player of all time, has often spoken out against fisticuffs, although he expressed support for fighting in 2004.
In December 2006, a school board trustee in London, Ontario attended a London Knights game and was shocked by the fighting and by the crowd's positive reaction to it.
This experience led him to organize an ongoing effort to ban fighting in the Ontario Hockey League, where the Knights compete, by attempting to gain the support of other school boards and by writing letters to OHL administrators.
On the advice of its Medical Health Officer, the Middlesex-London Health board has supported recommendations to ban fighting across amateur hockey and to increase disciplinary measures to ensure deterrence.
The first known death directly related to a hockey fight occurred when Don Sanderson of the Whitby Dunlops, a top-tier senior amateur team in Ontario's Major League Hockey, died in January 2009, a month after sustaining a head injury during a fight: Sanderson's helmet came off during the fight, and when he fell to the ice, he hit his head.
Fighters such as Bob Probert and Boogaard have been posthumously diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a degenerative disease of the brain caused by repeated brain trauma.
While the NHL took steps to limit head trauma from blindslide hits, it was criticized for doing nothing to reduce fighting, which consists of repeated deliberate blows to the head.
It is unknown if Boogaard's death was mainly attributed from his repeated head trauma from fighting and hits or from a possible addiction to painkillers while simultaneously abusing alcohol.
Beginning in the 2016–17 season, the American Hockey League imposed a fighting major counter, similar to the National Basketball Association's unsportsmanlike technical foul counter and soccer's accumulated cards.
A player who collects ten major penalties for fighting during the season will be suspended one game, and will be suspended one game for each fighting major for the next three penalties (the 11th, 12th, and 13th fighting majors).
If one player involved in the fight is charged with an instigator penalty, the opponent will not have the fighting major count towards suspension.
The most important aspect of this etiquette is that opposing enforcers must agree to a fight, usually via a verbal or physical exchange on the ice.
Enforcers typically only fight each other, with only the occasional spontaneous fight breaking out between one or two opponents who do not usually fight.
There is a high degree of respect among enforcers as well; they will respect a rival who declines a fight because he is playing with injuries, a frequent occurrence, because enforcers consider winning a fight with an injured opponent to be an empty victory.
Long-standing rivalries result in numerous rematches, especially if one of the enforcers has to decline an invitation to fight during a given game.
This is one of the reasons that enforcers may fight at the beginning of a game, when nothing obvious has happened to agitate the opponents.
On the other hand, it is bad etiquette to try to initiate a fight with an enforcer who is near the end of his shift, since the more rested player will have an obvious advantage.
Fairness is maintained by not wearing equipment that could injure the opposing fighter, such as face shields, gloves, or masks, and not assaulting referees or linesmen.
Finally, whatever the outcome of the fight, etiquette dictates that players who choose to fight win and lose those fights gracefully.
While an enforcer may start a fight in response to foul play, it is generally not acceptable to start a fight to retaliate against an opponent who scored fairly.
Fighting tactics are governed by several actual rules and enforcers will also adopt informal tactics particular to their style and personality.
In the process, that player takes as many punches as he delivers, although some of them are to the hard forehead.
For this reason, the majority of a hockey fight consists of the players holding on with one hand and punching with the other.
Other examples include Gordie Howe's tactic of holding the sweater of his opponent right around the armpit of his preferred punching arm so as to impede his movement.
Probert, of the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks, was known to allow his opponents to punch until they showed signs of tiring, at which time he would take over and usually dominate the fight.
Throughout a game, the referee and linesmen have a role in preventing fights through the way they are managing the game—calling penalties, breaking up scuffles before they escalate, etc.
Despite an official's best efforts, though, fights do occur and once they do, the referee and linesmen have a certain set of responsibilities to follow in order to safely break up the fight.
In a single fight situation the linesmen will communicate with each other as to which player they will take during the fight, clear out any sticks, gloves, or other equipment that has been dropped and wait for a safe time to enter the fight, which they will do together.
If both players are still standing while the linesmen enter, the linesmen will approach from each side (never from behind), bring their arms over the combatants' arms and wrap them around, pushing downwards and breaking the players apart.
If the players have fallen, the linesmen will approach from the side (never over the skates), getting in between the two players.
One linesman will use his body to shield the player on the bottom from the other player while his partner will remove the top player from the fight.
Most linesmen will allow a fight to run its course for their own safety, but will enter a fight regardless if one player has gained a significant advantage over his opponent.
During this time the referee will keep other players from entering the fight by sending them to a neutral area on the ice and then watching the fight and assessing any other penalties that occur.
In a multiple fight situation the linesmen will normally break up fights together, one fight at a time using the same procedures for a single fight.
The referee will not normally break up a fight unless the linesmen need assistance, or a fight is occurring where a player has gained a significant advantage over the other player, leading to concerns of significant injury.
Shortly after his parents' joint suicide, Quoyle's unfaithful and abusive wife, Petal Bear, leaves town with a lover and attempts to sell their daughters Bunny and Sunshine to sex traffickers.
On her getaway, Petal and her lover are killed in a car accident; the young girls are located by police and returned to Quoyle.
Released in 1967, the LP was an immediate critical and commercial success, and it is widely regarded as one of the greatest debuts in the history of rock music.
The album features Jimi Hendrix's innovative approach to songwriting and electric guitar playing which soon established a new direction in psychedelic and hard rock music.
After being referred to Chas Chandler, who was leaving the Animals and interested in managing and producing artists, Hendrix was signed to a management and production contract with Chandler and ex-Animals manager Michael Jeffery.
Chandler brought Hendrix to London and began recruiting members for a band, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, designed to showcase the guitarist's talents.
In late October, after having been rejected by Decca Records, the Experience signed with Track, a new label formed by the Who's managers Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp.
The album was completed in 16 recording sessions at three London locations, including De Lane Lea Studios, CBS Studios, and Olympic Studios.
That same year, the record was one of 50 recordings chosen by the Library of Congress in recognition of its cultural significance to be added to the National Recording Registry.
During a performance at one of New York City's most popular nightspots, the Cheetah Club, he was noticed by Linda Keith, the girlfriend of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards.
Impressed with Hendrix's live version of the song with his band, he brought him to London on September 24, 1966, and signed him to a management and production contract with himself and ex-Animals manager Michael Jeffery.
Immediately following Hendrix's arrival in London, Chandler began recruiting members for a band, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, designed to showcase the guitarist's talents.
Hendrix met the guitarist Noel Redding at an audition for the New Animals, where Redding's knowledge of blues progressions impressed Hendrix.
Mitchell, who had recently been fired from Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames, participated in a rehearsal with Redding and Hendrix where they bonded over their shared interest in rhythm and blues.
In late October, after having been rejected by Decca Records, the Experience signed with Track, a new label formed by the Who's managers Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp.
Chandler booked many of the sessions at Olympic because the facility was acoustically superior and equipped with most of the latest technology, though it was still using four-track recorders, whereas American studios were using eight-track.
Chandler's budget was limited, so in an effort to reduce expenditures he and Hendrix completed much of the album's pre-production work at their shared apartment.
When the Experience began studio rehearsals, Hendrix already had the chord sequences and tempos worked out for Mitchell, and Chandler would direct Redding's bass parts.
Redding wrote in his diary that they completed two songs during the October 23 session, but the second one has never been positively identified.
This marked the first time that the Experience recorded a song that was eventually included on the original UK release of the album.
Chandler had been dissatisfied with the sound quality at De Lane Lea, so he took the advice of Kit Lambert and booked time at CBS Studios.
On December 13, 1966, after taking a five-week break from recording while they performed in Europe, the Experience reconvened at CBS.
Despite his dwindling finances, Chandler encouraged the Experience to record numerous takes of a song, affording them the luxury of repeated attempts at a satisfactory recording.
With a live instrument track as the foundation of the recordings, they eschewed the common practice of piecing together parts of several takes to make one continuous piece.
Although Chandler enjoyed working at CBS and he appreciated the high quality of the recordings they made there, he ended his professional connection with the studio after a disagreement between him and owner Jake Levy over his failure to make payment.
The track presented a more complex arrangement than the band's previous recordings, and required four hours of studio time to complete, which Chandler considered extravagant.
Without the benefit of rehearsals, the band recorded the song in one take, to which Hendrix added several guitar overdubs; Chandler estimated that they spent approximately 20 minutes on the completed rhythm track.
Chandler was dissatisfied with the sound quality of the January 11 recordings and frustrated by the large number of noise complaints that they had received from people living and working near De Lane Lea.
Brian Jones and Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones encouraged Chandler to try Olympic Studios, which was considered the top independent London studio.
With his budget concerns alleviated, Chandler booked time at Olympic, where on February 3, 1967, he and the Experience met sound engineer Eddie Kramer.
During Kramer's first session with the group, he deviated from the standard recording method that they had been using at CBS and De Lane Lea, which was to record bass and drums in mono on two tracks.
He instead recorded Mitchell's drums on two tracks in stereo, leaving the remaining two tracks available for Redding's bass and rhythm guitar parts played by Hendrix.
Kramer's unorthodox approach, which was inspired by Hendrix's complaints regarding the limitations of four-track recordings, captured the live sound of the band using all four available tracks.
Kramer and Chandler then pre-mixed and reduced the first four tracks down to two, making two more tracks available for lead guitar overdubs and vocals.
This method satisfied both Hendrix's perfectionism and Chandler's desire to reduce the number of takes required for a satisfactory rhythm track, thus minimizing their expenses.
Another change instigated by Kramer was the use of a mixture of close and distant microphone placements when recording Hendrix's guitar parts whereas, during previous sessions, the microphones had been placed about twelve feet away from Hendrix's amplifiers.
In addition to the usual choices, Kramer used Beyer M1 60 ribbon microphones, which were typically not used to record loud music.
Kramer placed the second bass line on a dedicated track and blended Redding's original bass line with Mitchell's newly recorded drum part.
Hendrix was not as confident a singer as he was a guitarist, and because he strongly disliked anyone watching him sing he asked the engineers at Olympic to construct a privacy barrier between him and the control room.
This created problems when the studio lights were low, and the engineers were unable to see him, making his visual cues and prompts difficult to communicate.
As was the case at De Lane Lea, Hendrix's penchant for using multiple amplifiers at extreme volume drew criticism and complaints from the people living and working near to the studio.
Another issue that complicated the sessions were the large number of female fans who would show up at the studio wanting to watch the Experience record.
As a habit, Hendrix would indiscriminately tell people where they would be on any given day, which led to large groups of fans following him everywhere.
Olympic employees were tasked with keeping them under control and at a safe distance so as to not unduly burden the recording process.
They managed to complete a working master by the end of the day, though Hendrix eventually recorded a new lead vocal at Olympic.
Although the song had long been a staple of the group's live show, they failed to achieve an acceptable basic track, owing mostly to Mitchell's inability to keep consistent time during the session.
As the album's title track featured backwards rhythm guitar, bass, and drums, replication of the beat caused Mitchell some consternation when attempting the song live.
Chandler had agreed to audition the finished LP for Polydor's head of A&R, Horst Schmaltze, at 11 a.m., so after a few hours of sleep he prepared a suitable vinyl demo and traveled to Polydor.
Horst immediately became an ardent supporter of the album and the band, championing the marketing and distribution of their debut LP.
The album's psychedelic title track, which author Sean Egan described as impressionistic, featured the post-modern soundscapes of backwards guitar and drums that pre-date scratching by 10 years.
Using his guitar's control knob, he slowly increases volume until an audio feedback loop develops and he slides into the song's dominant Fm7 chord.
Its blues–inspired solo—his fourth since arriving in England—used pentatonic scales while showcasing his innovative approach to melody; by exploiting the increased sustain created by overdriving his amplifiers, he moved seamlessly between the middle and high registers with a fluid, singing tone.
Author Peter Doggett compared its slow beat to Memphis soul; David Stubbs described the track as a prototype for heavy metal bands such as Black Sabbath.
Redding stated that Hendrix had not yet taken LSD at the time of the song's writing, which was after a gig in London on December 26, 1966.
The first draft of the lyrics was exceedingly long, so Chandler and Hendrix reduced its length to something appropriate for mainstream pop music.
The song is composed of two contrasting sections, one that features a jazzy guitar melody played in the style of Wes Montgomery over a straightforward rock tempo, and another that showcases Hendrix's free-form mixolydian mode guitar lines with a jazz beat.
In addition to jazz elements, Unterberger identified Hendrix's use of surf music motifs in the track that are reminiscent of earlier works by the Ventures, a group from the Pacific Northwest that Hendrix would have heard during his childhood.
The song is unusual in that its written in triple meter, or time, which is the time signature commonly associated with a waltz; most rock music is written in .
I ran out to get a taxi and was standing under the traffic lights, and I had red hair and a red dress.
An unusual feature of the recording is that it does not include a bass guitar track; Redding instead played rhythm guitar with his equalization set strongly in favor of bass tones.
Fleming had indicated which picture he preferred they use, marking the shot with a cross, but after the album's release he realized that they had selected another, less desirable image.
Track inexplicably put only the album's title on the cover, omitting the band's name; Polydor issued the release throughout Europe with Hendrix's name printed at the top in matching font.
During a meeting with the band, Ferris told Hendrix that he wanted to hear more of their music from which to draw inspiration.
With this concept in mind, he took color photographs of the band at Kew Gardens in London, using a fisheye lens which was then popular in Mod sub-culture.
Ferris was an experienced fashion photographer, and his interest in the finer details of his covers led him to choose the band's wardrobe.
After seeing Hendrix with his hair combed away from the scalp, Ferris requested that he wear it that way during the photo shoot.
Hendrix's girlfriend, Kathy Etchingham, trimmed his hair to improve its symmetry, forming an afro that became the basis of a homogenized Experience image.
After purchasing clothing for Redding and Mitchell at the boutiques on King's Road—Hendrix wore clothes from his wardrobe, including a psychedelic jacket with a pair of eyes printed on the front which had been given to him by a fan—the Experience travelled to Kew Gardens.
Ferris chose the cover's yellow background and its surreal lettering, and he intended for a textured gatefold jacket that Reprise, as a cost-saving measure, did not approve.
Although the single performed poorly in the US charts, its presence on underground FM radio stations, which were transitioning from easy listening and classical music formats to album cuts, significantly aided sales of the LP.
These early CDs essentially copied the original LP record albums and used the same tracks, sequencing, and cover art as their 1967 counterparts.
In 1993, Alan Douglas, who managed Hendrix's recording catalogue, reached an agreement with MCA Records for the future releases of Hendrix material.
Along with new artwork and liner notes, the MCA reissue was remastered with only one track selection and order for both the European and America markets.
The 17-track CD included the first three Experience British singles (both A-sides and B-sides), followed by the 11 songs as they appeared on the Track/Polydor UK album release.
The 1993 Douglas reissues were short-lived; in 1997, his tenure as the overseer of Hendrix's catalogue was taken over by Experience Hendrix (the Hendrix family-controlled company).
By April 1997, a new reissue was released, which restored the original artwork and sequencing for both the US and UK releases.
However, both reissues included an additional six extra tracks, which provided the same 17 tracks (all the original singles and album tracks) in the UK and US, although in a different order.
It is approximately long and wide, located in Cass and Beltrami counties, within the Chippewa National Forest and the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, adjacent to its namesake city of Cass Lake.
It is the 11th largest lake in Minnesota, and the 8th largest lake lying entirely within the borders of the state.
Pike Bay is a lake lying to the south of Cass Lake; the two lakes are connected by a narrow long channel.
Beginning in 1898, construction of a railroad, and later highway and pipeline, across the narrows led to decreased currents through and increased sedimentation in the narrows.
This allows a natural setting for water flowing downstream from Cass Lake, accommodates higher flow rates and allows fish migration between lakes connected by the Mississippi.
Mapmaker David Thompson passed through the lake in the spring of 1798 while in the employ of the North West Company.
He made the first designation of the location of the headwaters of the Mississippi River, naming Turtle Lake, located upstream of Cass Lake, as the source.
This was a matter of great geopolitical importance, as the location of the headwaters was key to mapping the boundary between Canada (British North America) and the United States agreed to in the Treaty of Paris.
Thompson's visit was followed by that of Zebulon Pike in February 1806 as a part of a military expedition to explore the northern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase.
They were prevented from traveling further upstream by low water, and so designated the lake as the headwaters of the Mississippi because below this point, the river is navigable throughout the ice-free season.
In June 1832, Henry Schoolcraft, who had been a member of the 1820 expedition, designated the source of the river as being further upstream at Lake Itasca, the source of the perennial stream.
Subsequent to the Cass Expedition of 1820, the lake was renamed Cass Lake in order to distinguish it from Red Cedar Lake (known today as Cedar Lake) in Aitkin County.
Log booms were towed across the lake by steamboat from surrounding lakes and streams to either be sawed into lumber at local mills or transported elsewhere by railroad.
The southern and eastern shores of the lake, as well as all the islands, are protected within the Ten Section Area of the Chippewa National Forest.
Norway Beach recreation area is located at the southeast corner of the lake and contains Norway Beach Lodge, a notable example of Civilian Conservation Corps-built Finnish-style log architecture.
On the isthmus between Cass Lake and neighboring Buck Lake lies Camp Chippewa, a boys camp founded in 1935 by Otto John Endres.
The in-camp program allows campers to choose their own activities, including archery, riflery, swimming, sailing, canoeing, tennis, fencing, climbing, kayaking, water skiing and soccer.
He aims for the intensity of Kurt Cobain and Paul Westerberg on some tracks and croons like Jon Bon Jovi on another.
The elections followed the annulment of the November 2003 legislative elections, which were widely believed to have been rigged by the former President, Eduard Shevardnadze.
Of the 20 parties contesting the elections, only the NMD and the Right Opposition bloc polled more than 7% of the vote, the threshold necessary to gain representation.
The new Georgian Parliament will also include 85 members elected from single-member constituencies, who were elected in the November 2003 elections and have not been required to face re-election.
The exact party loyalty of these members is not known, but Georgian websites suggest that about 23 of them are NMD members or supporters, about 15 are opposition supporters, and the rest are independents.
The National Movement - Democrats party unites President Saakashvili's National Movement, Prime-Minister Zurab Zhvania's United Democrats, the Republican Party, supporters of Parliamentary Chairperson Nino Burjanadze and some of the supporters of the late President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the Union of National Forces.
I am not pleased that there is not more opposition representation, because that would have helped my party too to consolidate.
A preliminary report by observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) praised the conduct of the elections.
In an attempt to produce an election result acceptable to both domestic and international opinion, the Georgian government allowed the votes to be counted simultaneously by the CEC and by a non-government organisation, the International Society for Fair Elections and Society (ISFED).
He is a former assistant coach for New York Cosmos and head coach for their reserve team, New York Cosmos B.
He was also named a NSCAA/adidas All-American and New Jersey State Player of the Year after leading the state of New Jersey in scoring with 66 goals and 15 assists through 25 games during his senior year.
He finished his high school career with 154 career goals, the most in Bergen County history and the third most in New Jersey high school history.
Prior to playing as a professional, he played three years of soccer for the University of Virginia where he was named the best player in college soccer and awarded the Hermann Trophy in 2002 after scoring 25 goals (a school record) and 4 assists for the Cavaliers.
He played three standout seasons at the University of Virginia and established himself as one of the all-time greats at the school.
He finished his Cavaliers career with 50 goals (including 15 game winners), 113 points, and 13 assists in 60 games, before foregoing his senior year to go pro.
During his 3 seasons at UVA, Eskandarian was a 3-time All-American, 1st Team All-ACC, ACC Rookie of the Year in 2000, and was also named ACC Player of the Year and Soccer America's College Player of the Year in 2002.
Eskandarian returned to the University during the 2010 season to finish his degree and take an assistant coaching job with the team.
In his sophomore campaign, Eskandarian led D.C. United in goal scoring with ten in the regular season and added two assists, while scoring 4 more goals in the playoffs as DC United won the 2004 MLS Cup.
His strong play also earned him the D.C. United Coaches Award for 2004 and his first spot on the MLS All-Star team.
He helped D.C. United defeat the Kansas City Wizards and win the championship by scoring two goals in the first half just four minutes apart — the fastest pair of goals in MLS Cup history — and was named the MLS Cup MVP.
After missing most of 2005 with post-concussion syndrome, Eskandarian wasted no time in making his mark on the 2006 season, scoring against New York in the season opener.
In 22 games for D.C. United, Eskandarian recorded seven goals and two assists, including Goal of the Week honors on 5/13 for his tally against KC.
His impressive return to form netted Eskandarian a Commissioner's Pick as an MLS All-Star, his second nod to the league's showcase event.
On August 9, 2006, during the 2006 Summer Tour of Real Madrid, he scored DC United's only goal in a 1-1 draw with Real Madrid.
Between Real Salt Lake and Toronto, Eskandarian played 23 games (starting all 23), scoring 2 goals and adding 3 assists, logging 1,913 minutes.
In 2008, after missing much of the first half of the season due to surgery on a torn adductor, Eskandarian came on strong late in the year and finished the season tied for first on the team with five goals and two assists in just 8 starts.
In a span between Aug. 30 and Oct. 4, he scored a goal against each of his three previous teams (RSL, Toronto, and DC).
Eskandarian scored again in a 3-1 win at New York on July 16, a goal which was nominated for MLS Goal of the Year.
However, the 27-year-old was injured early in the second half of the Galaxy's 2-2 draw with AC Milan on July 19 when the ball was inadvertently cleared into his face, causing a concussion and broken nose.
On June 15, 2011, it was announced that Eskandarian had joined Philadelphia Union's technical staff as their youth technical director under the direction of the program's coach John Hackworth.
Eskandarian was leading scorer of the Olympic Qualifying tournament in Mexico in 2004 (4 goals), although the US team failed to qualify for the 2004 Olympics in Athens.
On February 1, 2013, Eskandarian signed with the New York Cosmos as an assistant coach, joining the same club that he once watched his father, Iran defender Andranik Eskandarian play for when he was a child.
During the 2013 season, Eskandarian helped lead the Cosmos to an undefeated record at home (W-D-L: 5-2-0) and the 2013 North American Soccer League Fall Season title with an overall record of 31 points from 14 games (W-D-L: 9-4-1).
The Cosmos would cap the season with the NASL Soccer Bowl, where they defeated the Atlanta Silverbacks 1-0 to capture the club's sixth title of all-time.
Eskandarian led the Cosmos B squad to the National Premier Soccer League title on August 8, 2015, defeating Chattanooga FC, 3-2, in overtime.
The game was played in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in front of a crowd of 18,227, the largest crowd ever in the United States to see an amateur soccer match.
Eskandarian finished his 1st season as a head coach with an undefeated record, as Cosmos B posted a 15-0-1 record in the 2015 NPSL season.
Alecko is of Armenian-Iranian descent and is the son of former Iranian soccer player Andranik Eskandarian, who played soccer professionally for the New York Cosmos, and the Iranian national football team.
It chiefly serves as a commuter village, situated midway between the towns of Paisley and Johnstone, and lies west of Glasgow city centre.
Elderslie is most famous as the assumed birthplace of Scottish hero Sir William Wallace, a knight born around 1270 who served as a military leader in the Wars of Scottish Independence before being captured and executed.
On the site of the ancient Elderslie Castle there stands a monument to commemorate his life, and a commemoration ceremony is held every August.
Auchenbathie Tower a few miles to the south is a site associated with William Wallace in an action against the English.
The village was also once the home to Stoddard Carpets which made the carpets for the Cunard liners , and which were built by John Brown & Company in their shipyard in Clydebank.
The firm also produced carpets for Queen Elizabeth II's wedding in Westminster Abbey, the ocean liner and for the Concorde aircraft.
A remaining example of the work which was carried out here can be seen in the circular carpet which covers the floor of the drawing room in Culzean Castle designed by Robert Adam.
There is one non-denominational state primary school in Elderslie: Wallace Primary School, which is a feeder school for Castlehead High School, a secondary school in Paisley.
The main methods of determining a winner in a tied game are the overtime period (commonly referred to as overtime), the shootout, or a combination of both.
If league rules dictate a finite time in which overtime may be played, with no penalty shoot-out to follow, the game's winning team may or may not be necessarily determined.
From November 21, 1942, when overtime (an extra period of 10 minutes duration) was eliminated due to war time restrictions and continuing until the 1983–84 season, all NHL regular-season games tied after 60 minutes of play ended as ties.
In the first games to go to overtime, on October 5, 1983, the Minnesota North Stars and Los Angeles Kings skated to a 3–3 tie, and the Detroit Red Wings and Winnipeg Jets tied 6–6.
The first regular-season game decided by overtime was on October 8, 1983, as the New York Islanders beat the Washington Capitals 8–7.
In 1987–88 and since 1995, the American Hockey League has awarded teams one point in the standings for an overtime loss (OTL).
In 1998, the AHL introduced a rule where teams will play the five-minute overtime period with four skaters and a goaltender, rather than at full strength (five skaters), except in two-man advantage situations.
In the Stanley Cup playoffs and in all one-game playoffs, overtime periods are played like regulation periods except for the golden goal rule – in an overtime period, the game ends when one team scores a goal; the teams are at full strength (five skaters, barring penalties), there is no shootout, and each overtime period is 20 minutes with full intermissions between overtime periods.
Four of the game's legendary players, Mark Messier (109 playoff goals), Mario Lemieux (77 goals), Gordie Howe (68 goals), and Alex Ovechkin (65 goals) never scored a playoff overtime goal.
In many leagues (including the NHL for regular-season games since the 2005–06 season) and in international competitions, a failure to reach a decision in a single overtime may lead to a shootout.
Some leagues may eschew overtime periods altogether and end games in shootout should teams be tied at the end of regulation.
In the ECHL, the AHL, and the Southern Professional Hockey League, regular season overtime periods are played three on three for one five-minute period, with penalties resulting in the opponents skating one additional player on ice (up to two additional players) for each penalty.
If the penalised player returns to the ice, the game becomes 4-on-4 or 5-on-5 until the next stoppage of play, when it becomes 3-on-3.
Prior to the 2014–15 season, the AHL set the overtime period at seven minutes, but reverted to the now-standard five-minute period the following year.
The idea of using 3-on-3 skaters for the entirety of a five-minute overtime period for a regular season game was adopted by the NHL on June 24, 2015, for use in the 2015–16 NHL season.
New overtime procedures debuted at the 2019 IIHF World Championship that will be in effect for all IIHF championships, including starting at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
All overtime periods will be 3-on-3 regardless of round robin or preliminary (five minutes with a three-round shootout), knockout rounds including third place games (ten minutes with a five-round shootout), or the championship (twenty minutes, no shootout).
In international competition, shootouts (or more formally, game-winning shots (GWS), and, in some European countries, bullets, or bullits), are often used.
Each coach selects three skaters from their team to take penalty shots one at a time against the opposing goaltender, with teams alternating shots.
The winner is the team with more goals after three rounds or the team that amasses an unreachable advantage before then (ex.
If the shootout is tied after three rounds, tie-breaker rounds are played one at a time (with each team taking one additional shot) until there is a winner.
The IIHF first adopted the game-winning-shot procedure in 1992 when a new playoff procedure in the Winter Olympics and World Championships required a winner for each game.
In 2006, it was reduced to three rounds and used for all games, eliminating the possibility of tied games at IIHF events.
Tie-breaker rounds are still used as needed, and the same or new players can take the tie-break shots, which is also done in reverse order.
As of May 2016, all IIHF preliminary round games that are not decided by overtime, are decided by a three-round shootout.
However, all playoff & bronze medal games of IIHF top level championships (especially the Olympics) are decided by five round shootouts.
Most lower minor leagues (ECHL, Central, UHL) have featured a shootout where, at the end of regulation, a shootout similar to the international tournament format is used.
Following the lead of minor leagues, in the NHL's first post-lockout season of 2005–06, the league ends exhibition and regular season games still tied after a five-minute-length, three-skaters-per-side overtime period (as of the 2015–16 NHL season onwards) with a shootout.
On December 16, 2014 the longest shootout in NHL history went to 20 rounds before Nick Bjugstad of the Florida Panthers scored to defeat the Washington Capitals; the previous record was 15 rounds.
Shooters often consider the goalie's strengths and weaknesses (such as a fast glove or stick save), preferred goaltending style (such as butterfly or stand-up) and method of challenging the shooter.
Goaltenders often consider the shooter's shot preference, expected angle of attack, a patented move a shooter commonly uses and even handedness of the shooter.
Former Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk and New York Rangers forward Martin St. Louis are examples of players who commonly use this tactic.
This is most commonly performed when a goalie challenges a shooter by giving them an open hole (by keeping a glove, pad or stick out of position or being out of sound goaltending position altogether to tempt the shooter to aim for the given opening).
This is almost exclusively performed when a shooter either has a high level of confidence in their shot or they attempt to catch the goalie by surprise.
Retired player Brian Rolston, Detroit Red Wings winger Todd Bertuzzi, Philadelphia Flyers defenseman Chris Pronger, and Vancouver Canucks winger Daniel Sedin have all used this tactic with success.
This is a list of all National Hockey League (NHL) overtime games that went into at least three overtimes (winning team is bold).
Yunost Minsk beat the HK Gomel, 2–1, at Gomel Ice Palace of Sports on a goal by Vitaly Kiryuschenkov at 5:11 of the sixth 20-minute overtime period.
March 22, 2008: Philip Gogulla of the Cologne Sharks ends the longest German hockey game ever and the third longest worldwide, scoring the ninth-overall goal in a 5:4 victory over the Mannheim Eagles.
It is the third quarter-final game (best of seven) in the Kölnarena in Cologne in front of an audience of 17,000.
March 12, 2017: Joakim Jensen of the Storhamar Ishockey ends the longest hockey game in history, scoring with 2:46 left in octuple overtime for a total of 157:14 of overtime, and 217:14 of hockey played.
The Lehigh Valley Phantoms beat the Charlotte Checkers, 2–1, at Bojangles Coliseum on a goal by Alex Krushelnyski at 6:48 of quintuple overtime.
The University of New Brunswick Varsity Reds needed 61:53 of overtime (four extra periods) to defeat the Acadia University Axemen 3–2 on February 27, 2011 in game two of a best-of-five AUS semi-final series at Fredericton, New Brunswick.
York University Lions and Lakehead University Thunderwolves went to a fourth overtime period (50:13 minutes of overtime) on February 14, 2007 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to decide a winner in OUA men's playoff hockey action.
Morgan McHaffie scored at 17:14 of the sixth overtime period to lead the Queen's Golden Gaels to a 2–1 win over the host Guelph Gryphons in the first game of the best-of-three OUA women's hockey final, March 2, 2011.
The game, which lasted 167 minutes and 14 seconds, including 107:14 of extra time, is the longest on record in CIS or NCAA hockey – women's or men's.
On May 12, 2008, one of the longest games in IHL history, if not the longest, took place in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
The first two extra periods solved nothing, but 23 seconds into the third overtime period, at some point after midnight ET, Justin Hodgman scored the winning goal to give the Komets their fifth Turner Cup title.
It was the club's first since 1993, and their sixth overall, with their last championship being the Colonial Cup in 2003.
The Komets would win again the following year with an easy game five victory at home, which was the first time in franchise history they won back-to-back championships.
On April 25, 2018, in game 5 of the 2018 VHL finals, SKA-Neva defeated HC Dinamo Saint Petersburg 4-3 in a game that needed 103:36 of overtime to be settled.
The longest game in NCAA Division III hockey history, and the fourth longest in NCAA history overall, began at 7:05 pm on February 27, 2010 and ended at 12:35 am of the following day.
A 2000 NCAA regional final in men's ice hockey between St. Lawrence University and Boston University ended with 63:53 of overtime.
A March 30, 1991 game between Northern Michigan University and Boston University ended with Northern Michigan earning an 8–7 victory over Boston University.
Unlikely hero Darryl Plandowski scores in the third overtime period and fifth hour of play to give the Wildcats the title.
A March 8, 1997 game between Colorado College and the University of Wisconsin–Madison ended with Colorado College winning, 1–0, after 69:30.
On March 26, 2006, the Wisconsin Badgers beat the Cornell Big Red 1–0 at 11:13 into the third overtime at the Midwest Regional Final in the NCAA Tournament at the Resch Center in Green Bay.
Cloud State University and University of Minnesota Duluth during the first round of the WCHA playoffs ended with SCSU winning, 3–2, after 51:33 of overtime.
In the first round of the 2008 WCHA hockey tournament featuring the fourth-seeded Minnesota State University, Mankato Mavericks hosting the seventh-seeded University of Minnesota Golden Gophers, the Friday and Sunday games both went into double overtime, and the Saturday night game went into one overtime.
On March 3, 2012, in the first round of the 2012 ECAC Hockey hockey tournament featuring the seventh-seeded Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey team hosting the tenth-seeded RPI Engineers men's ice hockey team, Clarkson beat RPI 4–3 at 13:48 in the third overtime period, after 113:48 of play.
On March 10, 2007, Wisconsin defeated Harvard, 1–0, in an NCAA Women's Quarterfinal game after 67:09 of overtime at the Kohl Center in Madison WI.
On March 10, 2012, Cornell University defeated Boston University, 8–7, in an NCAA Women's Quarterfinal game after 59:50 of overtime at Lynah Rink in Ithaca, New York, surpassing the men's game from the previous night as the longest hockey game to be played at the rink.
On March 21, 2010, Minnesota-Duluth defeated Cornell 3–2 in the NCAA championship game, after 59:26 of overtime (119:26 total game time), the longest men's or women's hockey championship game in NCAA history.
The Spruce Kings broke a 2–2 tie just over six minutes into the fifth overtime period to win 3–2 and clinch a berth in the RBC Cup Final against the Aurora Tigers.
Jason Yuel of the Spruce Kings scored the winner while goaltender Jordan White stopped 91 of 93 shots for the victory.
On February 10, 2007, the Toronto Jr. Canadiens defeated the Pickering Panthers, 4–3, to take a 2–0 series lead in the first round of the OPJHL playoffs, after 104:32 of overtime.
February 1999, the St. Catharines Falcons defeated the Port Colborne Sailors 7–6 to take a 2–1 series lead in the semi-finals of the Golden Horseshoe Jr. B Hockey League playoffs.
Marquette vs Orchard Lake St Marys went eight overtimes during the Michigan State Ice Hockey Division 1 Championship game before Tournament officials stopped the game in consideration of the health and welfare of the players on March 8, 2008.
The longest game in high school history was in a 1996 FCIAC quarterfinal matchup in Darien, Connecticut between archrivals Wilton and Ridgefield that went to a tenth eight-minute overtime period after 45 minutes of regulation (125:00 of hockey).
Chris Ludwig of Wilton scored the game-winner while being hauled down in front of the Ridgefield net in the tenth overtime period.
The previous record belonged to the Aurora High School–Solon High School game in which Aurora won in the eighth overtime period of the Ohio state playoffs.
Since 2015, all state tournaments allow up to 5 overtime periods (4-on-4 after first overtime), after which best-of-3-round shootouts and extra rounds if needed are conducted, to eliminate co-champions.
He founded the General Theological Seminary in New York City and Geneva College, later renamed Hobart Free College in 1852 after him, in Geneva, in the Finger Lakes area of upstate New York.
His grandfather John Hobart had moved from Hingham, Massachusetts to Philadelphia, where he married a Swedish woman and became a member of the Anglican Church.
His great-grandfather Peter Hobart was a graduate of the University of Cambridge, England, 1629, and teacher and pastor in Suffolk; he emigrated to America in 1635.
Captain Hobart died when the future bishop was an infant, and was buried in the family tomb at Christ Church Burial Ground.
He studied classics under professor John Andrews, 1785–90, and followed when his mentor became vice-provost of the University of Pennsylvania, which Hobart attended, 1790-91.
Hobart worked as a tutor at Princeton, 1797–98, while pursuing his studies in theology under the direction of Bishop William White.
He then served as pastor of Trinity Church in Oxford and All Saints in Perkiomen in Pennsylvania, before moving to New Jersey to serve at Christ Church, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
The ill-health of Bishop Benjamin Moore led Hobart to effectively run the diocese for several years before formally succeeding on the latter's death in February 1816.
A supporter of missions to the Oneida Indians, Hobart helped relocate many of the Oneida from New York State to Wisconsin.
The AAS holds numerous books and pamphlets authored by or related to Hobart, including many sermons and other theologically related texts.
One of the founders of the General Theological Seminary, Hobart became its professor of Pastoral Theology in 1821, served as its first dean and governed the seminary as bishop.
He opposed the plan of Philander Chase, Bishop of Ohio, for an Episcopal seminary in that diocese; but when the Ohio seminary was made directly responsible to the House of Bishops, Hobart withdrew his opposition.
A predecessor of the Anglo-Catholic Movement deriving from the Oxford Movement in the 1830s and 40s, the High Church movement, like the Anglo-Catholic, stressed continuity with the pre-Protestant Reformation church, while at the same time strongly opposed certain Roman Catholic doctrines.
In 1816 he published a pamphlet to dissuade Episcopalians from joining the new movement, which he thought the Protestant Episcopal Church had not the numerical or the financial strength to control.
By 1818, Hobart had also become convinced that an institution of higher education was needed in the western reaches of the state of New York.
Though he had visited many areas as a bishop, he selected the small village of Geneva on Seneca Lake for his new outpost of learning.
Geneva College became Hobart Free College, later renamed Hobart College in 1852 in honor of its founder, and which became Hobart and William Smith Colleges.
Bishop Hobart died at Auburn, New York, on September 12, 1830, and is buried at Trinity Churchyard near his beloved General Theological Seminary in Manhattan.
The Church of the Holy Apostles in Oneida, Wisconsin was dedicated in his memory, and nearby Hobart, in Brown County, Wisconsin, was named for him in 1908.
Final Descent is an album by Samhain, first released in 1990, more than three years after lead singer Glenn Danzig and bassist Eerie Von had recruited guitarist John Christ and drummer Chuck Biscuits to form Danzig.
Glenn Danzig said that some vinyl sleeves were made, but further plans to release the album on vinyl in 1990 were scrapped because he was not pleased with them.
The misprinted track listing actually conforms to the order of the songs on earlier bootlegged audio copies of this recording session.
This is typically done with both hands held shoulder-width apart and at the eye or shoulders level of the speaker, with the index and middle fingers on each hand flexing at the beginning and end of the phrase being quoted.
Air quotes are often used to express satire, sarcasm, irony or euphemism, among others, and are analogous to scare quotes in print.
(Much earlier, in 1889, Lewis Carroll described similar usages — air brackets and an air question mark — in his last novel).
The trend became very popular in the 1990s, attributed by many to comedian Steve Martin, who often used them with exaggerated emphasis in his stand-up shows.
He was one of the first American film actors to rise to leading man status with an unchanged Jewish surname—thus helping pave the way for artists such as Dustin Hoffman and Barbra Streisand.
He has released three albums and has also performed the instrument in several of his acting roles and on late night television.
He is the youngest of four children: His oldest brother, John, worked in the hops brokerage business and was an innovator in the cultivation of new hop varieties; the middle brother, Fred, was a screenwriter; and his sister Greta died of pneumonia before he was born.
He played banjo at Haverford and also at Columbia, where he played with a dixieland jazz band that had several different names.
The role ultimately earned him the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year, alongside Harve Presnell and Chaim Topol.
The film, which received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture and was later selected to the National Film Registry, is arguably Segal's best known and, for his role, he was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe.
The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, Jackson won an Oscar for her performance and Segal won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, which was the second Golden Globe of his career.
About the time of `The Last Married Couple in America' (1980) I remember Natalie (Wood) saying to me... `It's one typed role after another, and pretty soon you forget everything.
I think it's impossible when that star rush comes, not to get a little full of yourself, which is what I was.
He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1999 and 2000 as well as a Satellite Award in 2002 for this part.
Segal has appeared in most, though not all, episodes, and, as in some of his earlier roles, he has played the banjo several times on the show.
He married film editor Marion Segal Freed in 1956, and they were together for 26 years until their divorce in 1983.
From 1983 until her death in 1996, he was married to Linda Rogoff, a one-time manager of The Pointer Sisters, whom he met at Carnegie Hall when he played the banjo with his band, the Beverly Hills Unlisted Jazz Band.
Chris Gbandi (born April 7, 1979) is a retired Liberian footballer, who is currently the head coach of the Northeastern Huskies men's soccer team.
Gbandi played college soccer at the University of Connecticut, where he was a finalist for the Hermann Trophy in 1999 and 2001, and a winner in 2000 (he was named First Team All-American during his last two years in college).
Gbandi was drafted with the first overall pick of the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by Dallas Burn, but missed all of the 2002 season while rehabilitating a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
He returned in the 2003 season, where he registered one goal and two assists after playing 22 games in a disappointing campaign for the Burn.
In 2005, Gbandi made 17 appearances, all starts, and scored what happened to be the last goal ever scored at the Cotton Bowl by an FC Dallas player.
On February 8, 2008, he completed a transfer to Norwegian club FK Haugesund, where he spent the next two seasons, scoring 5 goals in 37 appearances for the team.
It was speculated that Gbandi might cap for the United States national team, however, in 2004 he accepted an offer from the Liberian national team to compete in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers, making him ineligible for the US squad.
They later moved to Laurel, Mississippi, where her mother worked as a chef and culinary instructor for the Viking Range Corporation in Greenwood, and her father operated a car dealership.
Posey attended the State University of New York at Purchase, where she studied drama and roomed with actresses Sherry Stringfield and Orlagh Cassidy.
The film was also successful at the 33rd Saturn Awards, Posey, a few fellow cast members, and the visual effects department were all nominated.
The show was originally given 13 episodes, but, the show was cut to seven episodes in anticipation of the pending writers strike.
The film was nominated at the 23rd Independent Spirit Awards for Best First Screenplay and Posey was nominated for Best Female Lead.
Posey, Liam Aiken, James Urbaniak, and Thomas Jay Ryan, as well as some crew members, appeared in several videos promoting the campaign.
The memoir is centred around the idea that its reader is sitting next to Posey on an airplane, and the product is a mixture of anecdotes from her career, random observations, various stories about her life, and home-made photo collages.
The book, although largely comedic in tone due to her acting experience, also covers many dark topics from her personal life and the film industry.
ccache is a software development tool that caches the output of C/C++ compilation so that the next time, the same compilation can be avoided and the results can be taken from the cache.
The detection is done by hashing different kinds of information that should be unique for the compilation and then using the hash sum to identify the cached output.
It also takes longer to execute; a player usually cannot take a slapshot while under any significant pressure from an opposing player because the opponent could easily interfere during the windup.
The slapshot is most commonly used by a defenceman at the point, especially during a power play, although a forward will sometimes find an opportunity to use it.
Black Canadian Eddie Martin, of the Coloured Hockey League's Halifax Eurekas, has also been credited with inventing the slapshot in the late 1800s.
Dick Irvin, who was a star player in the WCHL and PCHA – and who later coached Geoffrion with the Habs – was also renowned for having a hard and accurate slap shot.
Growing up in Winnipeg in the 1890s and 1900s, he would practice shooting against a doorknob in his attic during the winter months for accuracy.
In the summertime, Irvin would draw a chalk outline of a net onto his family's sled garage, and practice one timers off a piece of wooden board embedded into the ground.
The current slapshot speed record is held by AHL forward Martin Frk, whose slapshot was clocked at 109.2 miles per hour (175.7 km/h) at the 2020 AHL All-Star Weekend, in Ontario, California.
Alexander Riazantsev of KHL's Spartak Moscow slapped a puck at the 2012 KHL All Star Game skills competition in Latvia with a speed of 114.127 mph (183.67 km/h); however, the NHL does not recognize this as an official record, as the puck travels a shorter distance to the goal net in KHL competitions than in those of the NHL.
Born in Quebec City, Henry, nicknamed 'The Eel' played in the Quebec Junior Hockey League with the Quebec Citadelles during his junior career.
He also led the league in point scoring in 1951-52 with 114 points and was selected to the QJHL First All-Star Team in 1951-52 and in 1952-53.
At 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) and 150 lb (68 kg), he was the smallest man in the NHL at the time and suffered numerous injuries throughout his career.
He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the National Hockey League rookie of the year beating out Jean Béliveau of the Montreal Canadiens.
After playing 21 games with the Rangers the following season, Henry was traded to the Providence Reds of the American Hockey League.
Henry would also lead the Reds to a Calder Cup championship and in the process, he scored 10 goals in 9 games to lead all players in playoff scoring.
He split his time with the Rangers and the Reds that season, before playing for 7 straight seasons with only the Rangers.
Camille was selected as a NHL Second All-Star Team left winger in 1957-58, the year he also won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy for best sportsmanship combined with production.
He would return to New York in 1967-68, where he would split his time with the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL.
On November 1, 1959 when Jacques Plante first wore a mask for protection in a game, Camille was the only player to score on him in that game.
On May 10, 1970 when Bobby Orr scored 'the goal' in St Louis, Camille was playing for the St. Louis Blues.
Henry coached the Kansas City Blues of the Central Hockey League in 1969-70 and then coached the New York Raiders of the World Hockey Association but he never duplicated his early success.
A shot in ice hockey is an attempt by a player to score a goal by striking or snapping the puck with their stick in the direction of the net.
The shovel shot (also referred to as a flip shot) is the simplest and most basic shot in a shooter's arsenal.
Its execution is simply a shoveling motion to push the puck in the desired direction, or a flick of the puck (be it on the forehand, backhand, or in a spearing motion).
As the blade propels the puck forward the movement of the wrist rolls the puck toward the end of the blade, causing the puck to spin.
The tightness of the spin of the puck has an effect much like the spin a quarterback puts on their football pass, resulting in more accuracy.
The puck is aimed with the follow-through of the shot, and will typically fly perfectly in the direction of the extension of the stick, resulting in an extremely accurate shot.
At the same time, the stick flexes, so the moment the puck is released from the stick, the snap of the stick will propel the puck forward at high speeds.
Current and former NHL players known for their wrist-shot include Joe Sakic, Alexander Ovechkin, Ilya Kovalchuk, Auston Matthews, Marián Gáborík, Jeff Carter, Evgeni Malkin, Jack Eichel, Teemu Selänne, Alexei Kovalev, Pavel Datsyuk, Phil Kessel, Wayne Gretzky, Steven Stamkos, Nikita Kucherov, Peter Forsberg, Artemi Panarin, Markus Näslund, Nathan MacKinnon and Vladimir Tarasenko.
The shooter begins by cocking the stick back like a slap-shot (however with not such an exaggerated motion), and finishes with a flicking of the wrist like a wrist shot.
The resulting shot has more speed than a wrist shot, while increasing the time it takes to release the shot, balancing its effectiveness.
Current and former players noted for their snap-shot include Joe Sakic, Ilya Kovalchuk, Phil Kessel, Thomas Vanek, Nathan Horton, Anže Kopitar, Vincent Lecavalier, Alexander Ovechkin, Mike Bossy, Evgeni Malkin and Dany Heatley.
Many consider Joe Sakic to be the father of the modern snapshot, as he demonstrated incredible scoring ability while utilizing this quick-release shot throughout his career.
The player draws their stick back away from the puck, then forcefully brings it forward to strike the ice just behind the puck (5–10 inches behind puck).
When the stick finally contacts the puck, the energy stored in the stick is transferred to the puck, providing additional force that would not otherwise be possible by hitting the puck directly.
Current and former players known for their backhand-shot include Jyrki Lumme, Joe Sakic, Sidney Crosby, Evgeni Malkin, Marián Hossa, Milan Hejduk, Patrick Marleau, Mike Richards, Pavel Datsyuk, Paul Stastny, Henrik Zetterberg, Derek Roy, Claude Giroux and Daniel Brière.
One player passes the puck to another, and while the pass is incoming the player chooses not to stop the puck, instead firing it as it reaches the shooter.
This is the lowest accuracy shot, but makes up for it in the difficulty it creates for a goaltender to properly position himself to defend against it.
Due to the elasticity of the rubber (albeit frozen) puck, it can also generate significantly more energy, giving it more speed and faster elevation.
Current and NHL players known for their one-timers include Steven Stamkos, Alexander Ovechkin, Ilya Kovalchuk, Nikita Kucherov, Brent Burns, Shea Weber, Brett Hull, P. K. Subban, Evgeni Malkin, Artemi Panarin and Patrik Laine.
A count of how many shots are taken by a team is kept and this is often used as rough guide to which team is being more aggressive and dominant.
A scoring attempt in hockey (as opposed to soccer) is officially counted as a shot only when it is directed on goal, resulting in a goal or requiring the goaltender to make a save.
The numbers of shots and saves in a game are especially relevant to goaltenders, whose save percentage is based on how many shots did not get past them.
The number of shots taken by skaters and the percentage on which they score is also measured, but these numbers are generally given less weight.
It involves a player flipping the puck on the blade of the stick and then whipping the puck while carrying it on the blade.
Advantages of this shot are in an element of surprise and capacity to position the puck accurately in to the top corner from odd angles.
Consequently, the lacrosse shot is usually attempted from behind the net by surprising a goaltender from a blindside while using the net as a cover from defense.
The shot was first used in 1996 NCAA Tournament by a Michigan player Mike Legg, though the invention of the maneuver has been credited to Bill Armstrong.
Since then lacrosse shot has been attempted by players such as Sidney Crosby, Mikael Granlund, Ryan Getzlaf, Tyler Ennis and Miks Indrašis.
Tipping the puck involves positioning oneself in the vicinity of the net and redirecting an incoming shot with, generally, the blade of the stick.
The shaft of the stick and even body parts (legs, posterior, chest, back, even head and face) may also alter the trajectory of the puck and result in a valid goal, although scoring this way generally involves as much chance as deliberate effort.
At close distance a well-directed tip that maintains some modicum of speed will pass by the goalie and into the net without the keeper having any possibility to react to the change in direction.
Proponents of the tip have largely disappeared from today's NHL, although players such as Phil Kessel, Joe Pavelski, Sidney Crosby, James van Riemsdyk and Thomas Vanek still use it.
Retired tip specialists include Tim Kerr, Dino Ciccarelli, Joe Nieuwendyk, Dave Andreychuk, Mario Lemieux, Keith Tkachuk, Tomas Holmström, John LeClair and Ryan Smyth.
This is due to the fact that if someone is naturally right handed, they may shoot left because the top hand (right hand on a lefty stick) controls most of the stick's action.
Howard Bailey Jr. (born March 9, 1980), better known by his stage name Chingy, is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer and actor.
He toured as an opening act with Nelly in the summer of 2002 and then became a protégé of Ludacris, who signed him to his newly formed Disturbing Tha Peace (DTP) record label.
He was originally known as H Thugz and was in the St. Louis group Without Warning on 49 Productions with M.G.D.
The album featured guest appearances from artists R. Kelly, Bun B, Lil Wayne, Lil Flip, Janet Jackson, David Banner, Nate Dogg, and Get It Boyz.
Unhappy with the way he felt Capitol was promoting their urban artists, in 2007 Chingy jumped ship and returned to DTP Records, which was by-then a part of the Def Jam family.
The album was released on December 18, 2007 and featured appearances by Ludacris, Bobby Valentino, Steph Jones, Trey Songz, Rick Ross, and Anthony Hamilton.
The song reached #2 on the iTunes Urban chart in both countries, with a video to follow in the coming months.
Full Dekk Music Group, formerly known as Slot-A-Lot Records, is founded by rapper Chingy and manager Stan Wright in 2004, while Bailey was signed to Capitol Records.
The neutral zone trap (often referred to as simply the trap) is a defensive strategy used in ice hockey to prevent an opposing team from proceeding through the neutral zone (the area between the blue lines) to force turnovers.
The strategy is generally used to level the playing field for teams that are not as offensively talented as their opponents, although the trap can also be used by teams simply looking to protect a lead late in the game.
The most recognizable implementation of the trap sees the defense stationing four of their players in the neutral zone and one forechecker in the offensive zone.
As the offensive team starts to move up the ice, the forechecker (generally the center) will cut off passing lanes to other offensive players by staying in the middle of the ice, forcing the puck carrier to either sideboard.
The defensive wingers—typically placed on or near the red line—will be positioned by the boards to challenge the puck carrier, prevent passing, or even keep opponents from moving through.
The two defencemen who are positioned on or near the blue lines are the last defence, and must stall the opposition long enough for the wingers to reset themselves and continue the trap.
It has, however, proven to be very effective, especially in the playoffs; most recently, the Washington Capitals employed the neutral zone trap to great effect during their 2018 Stanley Cup run.
During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, serious discussion about opening the game to offense was held between the NHL and NHL Players Association (NHLPA).
Because it is easier to trap when engaging in obstruction and restraining fouls, such as hooking and holding, which slow the progress of faster players who can evade the trapping team, the NHL ordered officials to call every obstruction penalty, regardless of circumstance.
The prohibition on two-line passes from behind a team's blue line to the other side of the red line was also lifted.
Long passes are one method for breaking out of the trap, as it avoids the need to navigate through defenders in the neutral zone, although it has high rates of turnovers.
Erskine (, , ) is a town in the council area of Renfrewshire, and historic county of the same name, situated in the West Central Lowlands of Scotland.
It lies on the southern bank of the River Clyde, providing the lowest crossing to the north bank of the river at the Erskine Bridge, connecting the town to Old Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire.
Erskine is a commuter town at the western extent of the Greater Glasgow conurbation, bordering Bishopton to the west and Renfrew, Inchinnan, Paisley and Glasgow Airport to the south.
Originally a small village settlement, the town has expanded since the 1960s as the site of development as an overspill town, boosting the population to over 15,000.
Archaeological evidence states that agricultural activity took place within the area as far back as 3000 BC and it has been inhabited by humans since 1000 BC.
The first recorded mention of Erskine is at the confirmation of the church of Erskine in 1207 by Florentius, Bishop of Glasgow.
Sir John Hamilton of Orbiston held the estate in the 17th century until 1703 when it was acquired by the Lords Blantyre.
In 1900 it passed into the ownership of William Arthur Baird, who inherited it from his grandfather, Charles Stuart, 12th Lord Blantyre.
The development began in 1971 with the building of both privately owned and rented accommodation which boosted the town's population by around 10,000.
Having established itself as a thriving commuter town, the 1990s saw the building of larger and more expensive housing, aimed at more affluent property buyers.
As more private houses were built in the 1980s, Erskine started to become an attractive place to live due to location factors and accessibility to main roads and the M8 Motorway.
Many house builders that have been attracted to the area include Miller Homes, Avonside, L & C, Beazer, Cala, Kier and Tay Homes.
There are also smaller retail areas in the Bargarran, Mains Drive and Park Glade areas, where there are a few shops and restaurants as well as a community centre.
In addition to a number of local playing fields, the area has two recently constructed sporting facilities: the Erskine Community Sports Centre and the Astroturf at Park Mains High School.
The bridge is the furthest west crossing point on the river and it soon expands to become the Firth of Clyde estuary.
The town is home to the Erskine Hospital, a facility that provides long-term care for veterans of the British Armed Forces and their Spouses, with a drop-in day centre and newly built Transitional Supported Accommodation for younger veterans at the Veterans Village near Bishopton.
The charity accept the help of volunteers from the public and needs to raise £10 million annually to run its services.
There is a woodland area beneath the Erskine bridge with about of informal trails, picnic areas and views of the River Clyde.
Bodinbo Island was a hazard to navigation but was cut off from the main river by a training dike in the mid 19th century.
Much of the whinstone used to build the retaining walls, jetties, quays, etc in the lower Clyde area came from the Rashielee Quarries and was transported via Rashielee Quay.
Usually known as Park Quay this disused private quay and jetty stands close to the site of the old Park House estate.
It was probably built in between 1789 and 1801 by the Fultons who made their fortune manufacturing silk in Paisley and one of the owners was W.T.Lithgow of the shipbuilding firm.
Erskine also boasts the unique natural habitat of Newshot Island Nature Reserve, a salt marsh which juts out into the River Clyde.
Contrary to its name, it is now a peninsula, created from silt left over from the widening and deepening of the river in the 1930s, which connected the island to Erskine.
The nature reserve acts as a feeding and resting point for a wide array of migratory birds traveling to and from regions such as North America, Siberia and West Africa.
All are state schools, with Rashielea, Bargarran and Barsail providing non-denominational education and St John Bosco and St Anne's providing Roman Catholic denomination education.
It is accepted that the sulfide reduces the nitro groups to aniline derivatives, which are thought to form indophenol-containing intermediates that are further crosslinked by reaction with sulfur.
In the presence of a reducing agent and at alkali pH's at elevated temperature of around 80 °C, the dye particles disintegrate, which then becomes water-soluble and hence can be absorbed by the fabric.
After the fabric is removed from the dye solution, it is allowed to stand in air whereupon the dye is regenerated by oxidation.
Due to the highly polluting nature of the dye-bath effluent, sulfur dyes are being slowly phased out in the West but they are used on a large scale in China.
The park is situated in the Town of Alexandria on the east end of Wellesley Island, and is accessible only by boat.
Along with Canoe-Picnic Point State Park, it was one of the first New York state parks established along the St. Lawrence River as part of the St. Lawrence Reservation, a recreation area within the Thousand Islands region authorized by New York State in 1896.
The set's five CDs and one VHS tape compile nearly all of the band's original catalogue, newly remastered from the original master tapes, and a wealth of previously unreleased material, the latter of which includes a live CD and a VHS video cassette of live footage.
The outer box cover was painted by Martin Emond, who had previously provided artwork for singer Glenn Danzig's post-Samhain band, Danzig, and comic book company Verotik.
Facilities offered by the park include a gazebo, a boat launch and docks, cabins, fishing, picnic tables, and a campground with tent and trailer sites.
The park is easily accessible to visitors, being close to Interstate 81, which links northwards to Highway 401 in Ontario, Canada.
The park is the first recreational area which visitors from Canada come to, when crossing into the United States over the Thousand Islands Bridge.
The All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF) has been member of the International Kendo Federation (FIK) since it was founded in 1970.
The All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF) is a member of the Japanese Budo Association (Nippon Budo Shingikai) and the Nippon Budokan Foundation.
A census of members of the forty-seven prefectural associations affiliated to the AJKF made in March 2006 showed there were 1,429,718 members including 401,121 women and about half are dan graded.
A hockey jersey is a piece of clothing worn by ice hockey players to cover the upper part of their bodies.
It is traditionally called a sweater as, in earlier days, when the game was predominantly played outside in winter, it actually was a warm wool-knit covering.
Hockey jerseys, often referred to as sweaters, today are typically made of tough synthetic materials like polyester, to help take away moisture and keep the wearer dry.
For most leagues around the world, in accordance with the team's colours and matching the socks, they are usually emblazoned with the team's logo on the front, the player's last name on the upper back, and a designated number below, from 0 to 99.
Their last names are accompanied by their first initials, since being twin brothers they share the same last name on the same roster.
The National Hockey League no longer permits 0 nor 00 for jersey numbers, as they cannot be entered into the NHL's database, and the available numbers only go up to 98 since the League retired the number 99 in honor of Wayne Gretzky.
Most professional ice hockey teams sell replica sweaters of their famous players at their arena, as well as through sports memorabilia stores.
In it, a young hockey fan asks his mother to order a Montreal Canadiens sweater from an Eatons department store catalogue, but instead accidentally receives a sweater for the team's arch-rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs, much to his embarrassment and the derision from his friends.
The story was later made into a short animated film of the same name, which was produced by the National Film Board of Canada; a quote from it appears on the Canadian five-dollar bill.
Burnham Point State Park is a state park located on the St. Lawrence River in the Town of Cape Vincent in Jefferson County, New York, United States.
Raised in the town of Merrick on Long Island by Jewish parents Frances and Irving, Cohen first met and befriended his future business partner Jerry Greenfield in a seventh grade gym class in 1963.
In his senior year, Cohen found work as an ice cream man before leaving to attend Colgate University in Hamilton, New York.
He also worked as McDonald's cashier, Pinkerton guard, deliverer of pottery wheels, mop-boy at Jamesway and Friendly's, assistant superintendent, ER clerk, and taxi driver, before settling on work as a craft teacher at a private school for emotionally-disturbed adolescents.
In 1977, Cohen decided to go into business with his old friend Jerry Greenfield, and in May of the next year, the two men opened Ben & Jerry's Homemade Ice Cream Parlor in Burlington, Vermont.
They chose Burlington as a location because it was a prominent college town which, at the time, had no ice cream shop.
Ben & Jerry's distinctive style of ice cream was developed to compensate for Cohen's anosmia, as he kept adding larger and larger chunks to the ice cream to satisfy his need for texture in food.
As Ben & Jerry's gradually grew into a nationwide business and one of the largest ice cream companies in the U.S., Cohen turned his new-found wealth and prominence toward a variety of social causes, generally through the Ben & Jerry's Foundation.
The Foundation receives 7.5% of all Ben & Jerry's pre-tax profits and distributes funds to organizations such as the Anti Displacement Project.
A goaltender mask, commonly referred to as a hockey mask or a goalie mask, is a mask worn by ice hockey, inline hockey, field hockey, bandy and floorball goaltenders to protect the head from injury.
The first goaltender mask was a metal fencing mask donned in February 1927 by Queen's University netminder Elizabeth Graham, mainly to protect her teeth.
The mask was made of leather, and had a wire cage that protected the face, as well as Honma's large circular glasses.
On November 1, 1959, in the first period of a game between the Montreal Canadiens and New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) at Madison Square Garden, Canadiens goaltender Jacques Plante was struck in the face by a shot from Andy Bathgate.
Plante had previously worn his mask in practice, but head coach Toe Blake refused to allow him to wear it in a game, fearing it would inhibit his vision.
After being stitched up, Plante gave Blake an ultimatum, refusing to go back out onto the ice without the mask, to which Blake obliged, not wanting to forfeit the game, since NHL teams did not have back-up goaltenders at the time.
In preparation for the playoffs, Plante was asked by Blake to remove it for a game on March 8, a 3–0 loss.
When he introduced the mask into the NHL, many questioned his dedication and bravery; in response, Plante made an analogy to a person skydiving without a parachute.
Although Plante faced some laughter, the face-hugging fiberglass goaltender mask soon became the standard; by late 1969, only a few NHL goaltenders went without one.
He later moved to the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association and played without a mask until his retirement in 1977.
Although this mask does not seem very protective now, at the time it was, based on the style of game that was played.
Casey Jones of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise also wears a stylized version of the mask, as did D-Roc the Executioner, the late guitarist of the heavy metal band Body Count.
Dan Cloutier switched from this type of mask to the more popular full fiberglass citing safety reasons upon the advice of the Los Angeles Kings.
Dominik Hašek, a Hart Memorial Trophy and Vezina Trophy-winner in the late 1990s, used this type of mask; Hašek retired from the NHL in 2008.
Rick DiPietro, last with the New York Islanders in 2013, was one of the last NHL goaltenders to use this type of mask.
Following Clint Malarchuk's life threatening injury in 1989, more goaltender masks have adopted a plastic extension to guard the neck, usually hanging loose for more maneuverability.
On March 4, 2014, Tim Thomas took the ice for the Florida Panthers wearing an old Cooper helmet painted dark blue with a modern Bauer cage and white Itech neck guard attached.
During the game, the cage broke from a slapshot and Thomas returned with a red Mage-style helmet with a similar Bauer cage.
Goaltenders at lower levels of hockey (such as high-school, college or recreational leagues) who choose to use this design cite reasons such as the plastic helmet used is lighter than the fiberglass or composite materials used in other designs, and that the helmet has a wider opening than a traditional mask for a less claustrophobic feeling and better sight of the puck.
In the late 1970s, a second type of goaltender mask with a fiberglass mask with a cage attached in the middle was developed by Dave Dryden and Greg Harrison.
Today, modern versions of this mask are aerodynamically designed to better withstand the impacts of hockey puck at higher speeds and are used at all levels of organized ice hockey.
These masks are considered safer since they disperse the impact of the puck better than the helmet-cage combination and are the most common type used by goaltenders today.
Former goaltender Tim Thomas of the Boston Bruins wore a newer style one piece called a Sportmask Mage RS, which is made like the newer fiberglass mask, but resembles the helmet/cage combination.
The advent of the goaltender mask changed the way goaltenders play, allowing them to make more saves on their knees without fear of serious head or facial injuries.
In the modern era, a goaltender is likely to make the majority of saves when they have one or both knees on the ice.
With the technological advancement of the mask, shots hitting the head typically only cause temporary discomfort instead of serious concussions and lacerations; however, a mask does not eliminate all potential risk of injury, and goaltenders have been concussed by a shot hitting the head.
Lundqvist said that his reason for this is to not obstruct his vision by placing his catching glove in front of his mask to stop the shot.
This tradition started with the earliest masks, notably by the aforementioned, now-retired Boston Bruins goaltender Gerry Cheevers, who was known for drawing stitches on his mask whenever it got hit.
Charlie O'Brien was the first to use a hockey-style catcher's mask in a Major League Baseball game in 1996 while playing for the Toronto Blue Jays.
Goaltender masks are commonly seen being worn by box lacrosse, ringette, rinkball, floorball and field hockey goaltenders at both youth and professional levels.
Coles Creek State Park is a state park located on the Saint Lawrence River on the west bank of Coles Creek.
Coles Creek State Park offers a beach, picnic tables with pavilions, a nature trail, recreation programs, seasonal waterfowl and deer hunting, fishing and ice fishing, a marina and boat launch with dockage and boat rentals, and a food concession.
Duncan Bowen Black (born February 18, 1972), better known by his pseudonym Atrios , is an American liberal blogger living in Philadelphia.
After obtaining his BA from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Black obtained a Ph.D. in economics from Brown University in 1999.
He has worked at the London School of Economics, the Université catholique de Louvain, the University of California, Irvine, and, most recently, Bryn Mawr College.
During the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, he revealed that he had accepted a job at Media Matters for America and allowed his name and photograph to be published.
A hockey helmet is worn by players of ice hockey, inline hockey, and bandy to help protect the head from potential injury when hit by the puck, sticks, skates, boards, other players, or the ice.
The shell of a hockey helmet is generally made of a substance called vinyl nitrile that disperses force from the point of contact, while the liner may be made of either vinyl nitrile foam, expanded polypropylene foam, or other material to absorb the energy, to reduce the chances of concussion.
Most modern helmets have tool-free adjustments, but on older models, the helmet size is adjusted by loosening the screws on the side to slide the front portion forward or back.
A visor or face shield in ice hockey is a device attached to the front of a helmet to reduce potential of injury to the face.
A series of eye injuries, most notably that to Greg Neeld (the first player to wear a visor in professional hockey) and Bryan Berard have led to a call from many to enforce their wearing.
Visors and shields, made of a high impact-resistant plastic, offer better overall vision than the wire cages available, which can obscure vision in certain areas.
The face shield provides excellent straight ahead and peripheral vision, but does not provide as good air flow as a cage.
The American Hockey League, the top minor league in North America required all players to wear a visor prior to the start of the 2006–07 season.
The hockey visor was first invented by Kenneth William Clay when he lost vision in his left eye to a high stick while playing for the Vanderhoof Bears.
While the original shield and helmet were lost in the fire that consumed the Vanderhoof Arena a few years later, the newspaper clippings still attest to the dates and facts.
A cage in ice hockey is a device attached to the front of a helmet to reduce potential of injury to the face.
It consists of a metal or composite mesh that covers the entire face, although some half cages do exist (to protect the eyes while allowing full airflow).
The bars, or cage, are spaced far enough apart to allow seeing through to the action but are close enough to stop pucks and sticks from getting through to injure the face.
A hybrid variation of the full-face shield, which uses a polycarbonate face shield on the top half and either a polycarbonate or metal cage on its bottom half is also available.
Full facial protection is mandatory in many amateur leagues and in North America, full face cages, full shields, or shield and cage combination are mandatory in high school hockey, college hockey, and for all players under the age of 18.
By early 1976, CCM had developed a hockey helmet complete with eye and face shield and lower face protector that was both approved by the Canadian Standards Association and endorsed by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association.
The use of a full-face shield compared with half-face shield significantly reduced the playing time lost because of concussion, suggesting that concussion severity may be reduced by the use of a full-face shield.
The first player to regularly wear a helmet for protective purposes was George Owen, who played for the Boston Bruins in 1928–29.
Helmets appeared after the Ace Bailey–Eddie Shore incident on December 12, 1933, as a result of which Bailey almost died and Shore suffered a severe head injury.
After that, Art Ross engineered a new helmet design and when the Boston Bruins took to the ice in a game against the Ottawa Senators, most of the players donned the new helmet.
Most Bruins players didn't wear the helmet after the game, with the exception of Eddie Shore, who wore it the rest of his career.
Jack Crawford wore a helmet to hide his bald head and Charlie Burns wore one to protect the metal plates in his head from an injury incurred in playing junior ice hockey, predating his NHL career.
The death of Bill Masterton from a brain injury in a January 13, 1968 game between the Minnesota North Stars and Oakland Seals started to change perceptions surrounding helmets.
Helmet use began to gradually increase during the 1970s, with Ted Green being the first Bruins player since Shore to wear one as a result of his NHL career, for the 1970-71 NHL season and onwards for the same reason that Charlie Burns had worn a helmet, until Green's retirement from pro hockey in 1979.
The 1972 Summit Series showcased an entirely helmet clad Soviet Union team, with Paul Henderson, Stan Mikita, and Red Berenson being the only Canadians to sport a helmet.
In August 1979, the then-President of the National Hockey League (NHL), John Ziegler, announced that protective helmets would become mandatory for incoming players in the NHL.
The rule allowed players who signed professional contracts prior to June 1, 1979 who were already not wearing helmets to continue to do so for the rest of their careers provided a liability waiver was signed, if they so desired.
The last player to play without a helmet was Craig MacTavish, who played his final game during the 1996–97 season for the St. Louis Blues.
Almost a decade later, in 1988, the NHL also made helmets mandatory for its officials; like the ruling for players, any official that was not wearing a helmet before the ruling could also go helmetless if they so desired.
The last referee to not wear a helmet was Mick McGeough, who began wearing a helmet in the 2006–07 season and retired after the following season.
The National Volunteers was the name taken by the majority of the Irish Volunteers that sided with Irish Parliamentary Party leader John Redmond after the movement split over the question of the Volunteers' role in World War I.
The Third Home Rule Bill had been proposed in 1912 (and was subsequently passed in 1914) under the British Liberal government, after a campaign by John Redmond and the Irish Parliamentary Party.
In 1913 they formed the Ulster Volunteers (UVF), an armed wing of Ulster Unionism and organised locally by the Orange Order; the Ulster Volunteers stated that they would resist Home Rule by force.
In response, Nationalists formed their own paramilitary group, the Irish Volunteers, at a meeting held in Dublin on 25 November 1913; the purpose of this new organisation was to safeguard the granting and implementation of Home Rule.
It looked for several months in 1914 as if civil war was imminent between the two armed factions, with the British Army known to be reluctant to intervene against Ulster armed opposition to Home Rule's coming into operation.
While Redmond took no role in the creation of the Irish Volunteers, when he saw how influential they had become he realised an independent body of such magnitude was a threat to his authority as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, and therefore sought control of the organisation.
Eoin MacNeill, along with Sir Roger Casement and other leaders of the Irish Volunteers, had indeed sought Redmond's approval of and input in the organisation, but did not want to hand control over to him.
In June 1914, the Volunteer leadership reluctantly agreed, in the interest of harmony, to permit Redmond to nominate half of the membership of the Volunteer Executive; as some of the standing members were already Redmondites, this would make his supporters a majority of the Volunteers' leadership.
The motion was bitterly opposed by the radical members of the committee (mostly members of the secret Irish Republican Brotherhood), notably Patrick Pearse, Sean MacDermott, and Eamonn Ceannt, but was carried nevertheless to prevent a split.
Following the outbreak of World War I in August, and the successful placement of the Home Rule Act on the statute books (albeit with its implementation formally postponed), Redmond made a speech in Woodenbridge, County Wicklow on 20 September, in which he called for members of the Volunteers to enlist in an intended Irish Army Corps of Kitchener's New British Army.
Firstly, he felt it was in the future interest of an All-Ireland Home Rule settlement to support the British war cause, joining together with the Ulster Volunteers who offered immediate support by enlisting in the 36th (Ulster) Division.
Secondly, he hoped that the Volunteers, with arms and training from the British, would become the nucleus of an Irish Army after Home Rule was implemented.
He reminded the Irish Volunteers that when they returned after an expected short war at the end of 1915, they would be an army capable of confronting any attempt to exclude Ulster from the operation of the Government of Ireland Act.
Militant nationalists reacted angrily against Redmond's support for the war, and nearly all of the original leaders of the Volunteers grouped together to dismiss his appointees.
The vast majority of the Volunteer membership remained loyal to Redmond, bringing some 142,000 members to the National Volunteers, leaving the Irish Volunteers with just a rump, estimated at 9,700 members.
Many other Irish nationalists and parliamentary leaders, such as William O'Brien MP, Thomas O'Donnell MP, Joseph Devlin MP, and The O'Mahony, sided with Redmond's decision and recruited to support the British and Allied war effort.
Five other MPs, J. L. Esmonde, Stephen Gwynn, Willie Redmond, William Redmond, and D. D. Sheehan, as well as former MP Tom Kettle, joined Kitchener's New Service Army during the war.
Many Irishmen enlisted voluntarily in Irish regiments of the New British Army, forming part of the 10th (Irish) and 16th (Irish) Divisions.
Out of a National Volunteer membership of about 150,000, roughly 24,000 (about 24 battalions) were to join those Divisions for the duration of the war.
The National Volunteers were therefore a minority among the 206,000 Irishmen who served as volunteers for the British Army in the war, and so failed to constitute a nascent Irish Army as Redmond had hoped.
The Division was largely officered by Englishmen (an exception was William Hickie, an Irish born general), which was not a popular decision in nationalist Ireland.
This outcome was in part due to the lack of trained Irish officers; the few trained officers had been sent to the 10th Division, and those still available had been included into Sir Edward Carson's 36th (Ulster) Division.
In addition, Redmond's earlier statement, that the Irish New Army units would return armed and capable of enforcing Home Rule, aroused War Office suspicions.
The war's popularity in Ireland and the popularity of John Redmond and the Irish Parliamentary Party were badly dented by the severe losses subsequently suffered by the Irish divisions.
John Redmond had intended that they would form an official home defence force for Ireland during the War, but the British War Office baulked at arming and training the Irish nationalist movement.
The INV were, even in comparison to the UVF, an inefficient military force in 1914, lacked trained officers, finances and equipment.
Kitchener was certainly not inclined to, as he saw it, waste valuable officers and equipment on a force which, at best, would relieve Territorial units from garrison duties and, at worst, would provide Irish Nationalists with the ability to enforce Home Rule on their own terms.
In many cases, this was put down to a fear of conscription being introduced into Ireland should they drill too openly.
The National Volunteers' other problem was a lack of leadership, as many of its most committed and militarily experienced members had enlisted in Irish Regiments for the war.
The numerical increase was modest, from 9,700 in 1914 to 12,215 by February 1916, but they trained regularly and had kept most of the Volunteer weaponry.
In April 1916, a faction within the Irish Volunteers launched the Easter Rising, an armed insurrection centred in Dublin aimed at the ending of British rule in Ireland.
During the Rising, one unit of the National Volunteers (in Craughwell, County Galway), offered its services to the local RIC to help suppress the rebellion in that area.
The rebellion was put down within a week by the British Army (including Irish units such as the Royal Dublin Fusiliers).
In its aftermath, and especially after the Conscription Crisis of 1918 in which the British Cabinet had planned to impose conscription in Ireland, the National Volunteers were eclipsed by the Irish Volunteers, whose membership shot up to over 100,000 by the end of 1918.
John Redmond's Irish Parliamentary Party was similarly overtaken by the separatist Sinn Féin party in the general elections in December 1918.
After the Armistice in November 1918, around 100,000 Irishmen, including the surviving members of the National Volunteers who had enlisted, were demobilised from the British Army.
Irish Republicanism had now displaced constitutional nationalism as represented by the Irish Parliamentary Party, leading to the Irish Declaration of Independence and the outbreak of armed conflict against the British (1919).
The Third Home Rule Bill was never implemented, and was repealed by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (the Fourth Home Rule Bill), which partitioned Ireland (1921).
Fox was one of the best second basemen of all time, and the third-most difficult hitter to strike out in Major League Baseball (MLB) history.
Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965 and spent the majority of his career as a member of the Chicago White Sox; his career was bookended by multi-year stints for the Philadelphia Athletics and, later, the Houston Astros.
Fox was an American League (AL) All-Star for twelve seasons, an AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) for one season, and an AL Gold Glove winner for three seasons.
He hit .300 or more six times, and led the AL in singles eight times (seven consecutive seasons) and in fielding average six times as a second baseman.
Fox was born on Christmas Day 1927 in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, a rural area just west of Chambersburg, in south central Pennsylvania.
He was the youngest of three sons born to a carpenter who grew up on a farm and liked to play town baseball in St. Thomas.
Despite his short stature, with the help of his father, he distinguished himself as a baseball player at a young age, even playing with his father on their St. Thomas team.
Fox at age 16 in 1944, thought that he had a good chance to sign on with a professional baseball team due to player shortages from World War II.
His mother wrote a letter on her son's behalf to Connie Mack the owner/manager of the Philadelphia Athletics which enabled him to attend an open tryout that spring for the Athletics in Frederick, Maryland.
Fox started his professional baseball career with the Lancaster team of the Pennsylvania Interstate League and the Jamestown Falcons where he hit .314.
The Philadelphia Athletics bought his contract that year, but Fox did not get to play for them then because he was called to service and was stationed in Korea in 1946.
Fox's major league career began in when he started to play for the Philadelphia Athletics, but he played mostly in the minor leagues, appearing in a total of ten MLB games in 1947 and 1948.
In 1949, the Philadelphia Athletics set a major league team record of 217 double plays, a record which still stood as of .
He spent the next 14 seasons with the Sox, making 12 AL All-Star teams and 15 of 16 AL All-Star Game selections beginning in 1951 (two All-Star games were played in 1959 through 1962) when he batted .313.
The White Sox finished in third place in each season between 1952 and 1956, followed by second-place finishes in 1957 and 1958 (Baseball-Reference.com lists Billy Pierce and Minnie Miñoso as the top White Sox players during most of those years, as reflected by wins above replacement (WAR), but Fox had the team's highest WAR in 1957).
Fox's best season came in 1959, when he received the AL Most Valuable Player award (not until Dustin Pedroia in would another American League second baseman receive such an honor) on a White Sox team that won its first AL pennant in 40 years.
The Al López-managed White Sox had the best record in baseball, going 94-60 to finish five games ahead of the Cleveland Indians and a surprising 15 ahead of the New York Yankees.
In the World Series, Fox batted a team-high .375 with three doubles, but the Sox lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games.
In Game 5, Fox scored the only run when Sherm Lollar hit into a double play in the fourth inning (this was only the second time that a World Series game did not have an RBI).
It was Fox's only postseason experience, and the White Sox did not make it back to the World Series until they swept the 2005 World Series from the Houston Astros.
Joe Morgan later said that he looked up to Fox's example as a rookie with the Astros; Fox and Morgan were both diminutive second basemen.
Fox was 5-foot-9, he made up for his modest size and minimal power — he hit only 35 home runs in his career, and never more than six in a single season — with his good batting eye, excellent fielding, and baserunning speed.
Fox was perennially one of the toughest batters to strike out, fanning just 216 times in his career, an average of once every 42.7 at-bats which ranks him 3rd all-time.
A solid contact hitter (lifetime .288 batting average), he batted over .300 six times, with 2,663 hits, 355 doubles, and 112 triples.
He was the first major league Gold Glove Award winner for a second baseman in , and he received two more Gold Glove awards in and .
In 1959 and 1960, the Aparicio-Fox middle infield duo won two Gold Gloves twice for their respective positions, starting a select list of eight shortstop-second baseman combinations who have both won Gold Gloves in the same season.
Fox finished among the top five second basemen in fielding percentage every year between 1950 and 1964, and currently ranks second in career double plays as a second baseman.
In the late 1960s, Fox appeared to have a chance to manage the Senators when Jim Lemon's post came open following the team's purchase by Bob Short.
However, around the same time the Washington Redskins named Vince Lombardi as their football coach, so Short felt pressure to hire a manager with a very well-known name and selected Ted Williams for the position.
On May 1, 1976, Fox's uniform number 2 was retired by the White Sox; he is the second of ten White Sox players to have his uniform number retired.
In his final ballot cast by baseball writers in 1985, he gained 74.7 percent of the vote, just shy of the 75 percent (traditionally baseball percentages were rounded off) required for election by the Baseball Writers' Association of America.
He had the required 75% of the committee's vote in 1996, but the committee was allowed to vote in only one former MLB player; Jim Bunning was inducted after receiving one more vote than Fox.
Prior to his Hall of Fame election, a group of fans formed the Nellie Fox Society to promote his case for induction.
The group grew to as many as 600 members, including Richard M. Daley, James R. Thompson, George Will and several former MLB players.
Fox's statue depicts him flipping a baseball toward Aparicio, while Aparicio is depicted as preparing to receive the ball from Fox.
Long Point State Park – Thousand Islands is a state park located at the northeast tip of Point Peninsula on Lake Ontario's Chaumont Bay.
Long Point State Park is open from early May to Columbus Day, and offers a playground, picnic tables and pavilions, showers, a boat launch, a campground with 86 sites for tents and trailers, and sheltered fishing in Chaumont Bay.
A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels written by American author Daniel Handler under the pen name Lemony Snicket.
After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee.
As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other relatives.
The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story.
Characterized by Victorian Gothic tones and absurdist textuality, the books are noted for their dark humor, sarcastic storytelling, and anachronistic elements, as well as frequent cultural and literary allusions.
They have been classified as postmodern and metafictional writing, with the plot evolution throughout the later novels being cited as an exploration of the psychological process of transition from the idyllic innocence of childhood to the moral complexity of maturity.
Likewise, the final installments of the series are also acknowledged for their escalatingly intricate ethical ambiguity toward philosophical ambivalence, as the nature of some of the Baudelaires' actions becomes increasingly harder to discern from those of their antagonist counterparts and more characters are revealed to be responsible for permanent wrongdoing, despite their identification with the self-proclaimed good side of the tale.
The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages.
Although the film version sets the Baudelaires' mansion in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, real places rarely appear in the books.
Klaus Baudelaire, the middle child, is twelve when the series begins; he loves books and is an extraordinary speed reader with a first-class eidetic memory.
Sunny Baudelaire is a baby in the beginning of the series, and enjoys biting things with her abnormally large teeth; she develops a love for cooking later in the series.
All of the orphans have an allergy for peppermints stated in The Wide Window, Where Violet gets red and itchy skin, Klaus's tongue swells up, and both happen to Sunny.
The siblings discover that Count Olaf intends to get his hands on the enormous Baudelaire fortune, which Violet is to inherit when she reaches 18 years of age.
In the first book, he attempts to marry Violet, pretending it is the storyline for his latest play, but the plan falls through when Violet uses her non-dominant hand to sign the marriage document.
In the following six books, Olaf disguises himself, finds the children and, with help from his many accomplices, tries to steal their fortune, committing arson, murder and other crimes.
In the eighth through twelfth books, the orphans adopt disguises while on the run from the police after Count Olaf frames them for one of his murders.
The Baudelaires routinely try to get help from Mr. Poe, but he, like many of the adults in the series, is oblivious to the dangerous reality of the children's situation.
As the books continue, the children uncover more of the mystery surrounding their parents' deaths and find that their parents were in a secret organization, V.F.D., along with several other adults they meet.
The children leave with another young orphan on a boat from a remote island at the end of the series, their fates left unknown.
I guess we would not know for sure but we would strongly suspect it, not only from their manner but from the occasional mention of a rabbi or bar mitzvah or synagogue.
The plots of the first seven books follow the same basic pattern: the Baudelaires go to a new guardian in a new location, where Count Olaf appears and attempts to steal their fortune.
Occasionally, the children's roles switch (Klaus inventing and Violet reading in The Miserable Mill) or other characters use their skills to assist the Baudelaires (e.g.
In the blurb for each book, Snicket warns of the misery the reader may experience in reading about the Baudelaire orphans and suggests abandoning the books altogether.
Snicket translates for the youngest Baudelaire orphan, Sunny, who in the early books almost solely uses words or phrases that make sense only to her siblings.
When describing a character whom the Baudelaires have met before, Snicket often describes the character first and does not reveal the name of the character until they have been thoroughly described.
While many of the critical plot points are given answers, Snicket explains that no story can be fully devoid of questions as every story is intertwined with numerous others and every character's history is shared in a great web of mysteries and unfortunate events that make up the world's legacy, making it impossible for anyone to know all the answers to every question.
The Baudelaire children and Count Olaf's story is said to be merely a fragment of a much bigger story between numerous characters with the central connection being the organization of V.F.D.
The books consistently present the Baudelaire children as free-thinking and independent, while the adults around them obey authority and succumb to mob psychology, peer pressure, ambition, and other social ills.
The books have strong themes of moral relativism, as the Baudelaires become more confused during the course of the series about the difference between right and wrong, feeling they have done wicked things themselves and struggling with the question of whether the end justifies the means.
Almost every major character in the books has lived a life as difficult as that of the Baudelaires, especially the villains.
This indicates that regardless of one's outside influences, one always has the final choice in whether one will be good or bad.
There is a full page picture at the end of each book, showing a hint or clue about the content of the next book.
Following the picture is a letter to the editor, which explains to the editor how to get a manuscript of the next book.
Snicket notes that the editors will find various objects along with the manuscript, all of them having some impact in the story.
Starting with the fourth book (which previews the fifth), each letter has a layout relating to the next book, such as torn edges, fancy stationery, sopping wet paper, or telegram format.
Each book begins with a dedication to a woman named Beatrice, and references to her are made by Snicket throughout the series, describing her as the woman he still loves while emphasizing the fact that she apparently died long ago.
While the books are marketed primarily to children, they are written with adult readers in mind as well; the series features numerous references more likely to make sense to adults, such as allusions to Monty Python (the Baudelaire children's uncle Monty has a large snake collection, including a python, and a reference to the Self Defense Against Fresh Fruit sketch).
Many of the characters' names allude to other fictional works or real people with macabre connections; locations may also allude to fiction, or contain foreign or obscure words with negative connotations.
Isadora and Duncan Quagmire are named after Isadora Duncan, a notorious dancer also remembered for her unusual death by strangulation when her scarf entangled around the wheels of the open car in which she was a passenger.
Netflix, in association with Paramount Television, announced in November 2014 its plans to adapt the books into an original TV series with 25 total episodes spanning 3 seasons, with 2 episodes dedicated to each book, with the exception of the 13th book, The End.
On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire, with the casting call confirming that the series would begin production in March 2016.
However, it was announced that Sonnenfeld and Handler were both still on board, and that Neil Patrick Harris had been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes as Violet and Klaus.
The first season, consisting of eight episodes that cover the first four books, was released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017.
The television series was also renewed for a third and final season, which was released on January 1, 2019, consisting of seven episodes that adapted the final four books.
Directed by Brad Silberling, it stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf, Meryl Streep as Aunt Josephine, Billy Connolly as Uncle Monty, Emily Browning as Violet, Liam Aiken as Klaus, Timothy Spall as Mr. Poe, and Jude Law as the voice of Lemony Snicket.
Considering the success of the movie, the director and some of the lead actors hinted that they were keen on making a sequel, but no script was written.
Browning has said that further films would have to be produced quickly, as the children do not age much throughout the book series.
In 2008, Daniel Handler stated in a Bookslut Interview that another film was in the works, but had been delayed by corporate shake-ups at Paramount Pictures.
In June 2009, Silberling confirmed he still talked about the project with Handler, and suggested the sequel be a stop motion film because the lead actors have grown too old.
The player plays as all three orphans at points in the game, and encounters characters such as Mr. Poe, Uncle Monty and Aunt Josephine, along with villains such as Count Olaf, the Hook-Handed Man, the White-Faced Women, and the Bald Man.
Set in Count Olaf's house, the game involves his six associates and many objects they use in Olaf's efforts to capture the children.
In Swap Monster, the player chooses two people or objects to swap positions until they are in the correct place, with Count Olaf randomly appearing to temporarily hinder the player's progress.
Players take turns drawing a card from either the draw pile or the top card from the discard pile in hopes of completing their sets.
Most of the series of unabridged audio books are read by British actor Tim Curry, though Handler as Lemony Snicket reads books 3 to 5.
All of the recordings include a loosely related song by The Gothic Archies, a novelty band of which Handler is a member, featuring lyrics by Handler's Magnetic Fields bandmate Stephin Merritt.
The album is a collection of thirteen songs written and performed by Stephin Merritt (of The Magnetic Fields), each one originally appearing on one of the corresponding thirteen audiobooks of the series.
The Atkinson–Shiffrin model (also known as the multi-store model or modal model) is a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin.
The three-part, multi-store model was first described by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968, though the idea of distinct memory stores was by no means a new idea at the time.
William James described a distinction between primary and secondary memory in 1890, where primary memory consisted of thoughts held for a short time in consciousness and secondary memory consisted of a permanent, unconscious store.
Additionally, Atkinson and Shiffrin included a sensory register alongside the previously theorized primary and secondary memory, as well as a variety of control processes which regulate the transfer of memory.
Following its first publication, multiple extensions of the model have been put forth such as a precategorical acoustic store, the search of associative memory model, the perturbation model, and permastore.
Additionally, alternative frameworks have been proposed, such as procedural reinstatement, a distinctiveness model, and Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory, among others.
The sensory registers do not process the information carried by the stimulus, but rather detect and hold that information for use in short-term memory.
Information is only transferred to the short-term memory when attention is given to it, otherwise it decays rapidly and is forgotten.
While it is generally agreed that there is a sensory register for each sense, most of the research in the area has focused on the visual and auditory systems.
The original evidence suggesting sensory stores which are separate to short-term and long-term memory was experimentally demonstrated for the visual system using a tachistoscope.
That is, as long as a stimulus has entered the field of vision there is no limit to the amount of visual information iconic memory can hold at any one time.
As noted above, sensory registers do not allow for further processing of information, and as such iconic memory only holds information for visual stimuli such as shape, size, color and location (but not semantic meaning).
It has been argued that the momentary mental freezing of visual input allows for the selection of specific aspects which should be passed on for further memory processing.
The biggest limitation of iconic memory is the rapid decay of the information stored there; items in iconic memory decay after only 0.5–1.0 seconds.
Echoic memory is generally cited as having a duration of between 1.5 and 5 seconds depending on context but has been shown to last up to 20 seconds in the absence of competing information.
As with sensory memory, the information that enters short-term memory decays and is lost, but the information in the short-term store has a longer duration, approximately 18–20 seconds when the information is not being actively rehearsed, though it is possible that this depends on modality and could be as long as 30 seconds.
However, the term can be applied for any information that is attended to, such as when a visual image is intentionally held in mind.
Atkinson and Shiffrin discussed this at length for auditory and visual information but did not give much attention to the rehearsal/storage of other modalities due to the experimental difficulties of studying those modalities.
There is a limit to the amount of information that can be held in the short-term store: 7 ± 2 chunks.
Because short-term memory is limited in capacity, it severely limits the amount of information that can be attended to at any one time.
As Atkinson and Shiffrin model it, transfer from the short-term store to the long-term store is occurring for as long as the information is being attended to in the short-term store.
Atkinson and Shiffrin cite evidence for this transfer mechanism in studies by Hebb (1961) and Melton (1963) which show that repeated rote repetition enhances long-term memory.
One may also think to the original Ebbinghaus memory experiments showing that forgetting increases for items which are studied fewer times.
Finally, the authors note that there are stronger encoding processes than simple rote rehearsal, namely relating the new information to information which has already made its way into the long-term store.
In this model, as with most models of memory, long-term memory is assumed to be nearly limitless in its duration and capacity.
It is most often the case that brain structures begin to deteriorate and fail before any limit of learning is reached.
This is not to assume that any item which is stored in long-term memory is accessible at any point in the lifetime.
At the time of the original publication there was a schism in the field of memory on the issue of a single process or dual-process model of memory, the two processes referring to short-term and long-term memory.
These studies showed that patients with bilateral damage to the hippocampal region had nearly no ability to form new long-term memories though their short-term memory remained intact.
One may also be familiar with similar evidence found through the study of Henry Molaison, famously known as H.M., who underwent a severe bilateral medial temporal lobectomy which removed most of his hippocampal regions.
One of the early and central criticisms to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model was the inclusion of the sensory registers as part of memory.
Baddeley and Hitch have in turn called to question the specific structure of the short-term store, proposing that it is subdivided into multiple components.
While the different components were not specifically addressed in the original Atkinson-Shiffrin model, the authors do note that little research has been done investigating the different ways sensory modalities may be represented in the short-term store.
Thus the model of working memory given by Baddeley and Hitch should be viewed as a refinement of the original model.
The model has been further criticized as suggesting that rehearsal is the key process which initiates and facilitates transfer of information into LTM.
There is very little evidence supporting this hypothesis, and long-term recall can in fact be better predicted by a levels-of-processing framework.
In this framework, items which are encoded at a deeper, more semantic level are shown to have stronger traces in long-term memory.
This criticism is somewhat unfounded as Atkinson and Shiffrin clearly state a difference between rehearsal and coding, where coding is akin to elaborative processes which levels-of-processing would call deep-processing.
In this light, the levels-of-processing framework could be seen as more of an extension of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model rather than a refutation.
In the case of long-term memory, it is unlikely that different types of information, such as the motor skills to ride a bike, memory for vocabulary, and memory for personal life events are stored in the same fashion.
To clarify, there are definite differences in the way information is stored depending on whether it is episodic (memories of events), procedural (knowledge of how to do things), or semantic (general knowledge).
A short (non-inclusive) example comes from the study of Henry Molaison (H.M.): learning a simple motor task (tracing a star pattern in a mirror), which involves implicit and procedural long-term storage, is unaffected by bilateral lesioning of the hippocampal regions while other forms of long-term memory, like vocabulary learning (semantic) and memories for events, are severely impaired.
Due to the above and other criticism through the 1970s, the original model underwent many revisions to account for phenomena it could not explain.
Context information refers to the situational and temporal factors present at the time when an item is in the short-term store, such as emotional feelings or environmental details.
The amount of item-context information which is transferred to the long-term store is proportional to the amount of time that the item remains in the short-term store.
On the other hand, the strength of the item-item associations is proportional to the amount of time that two items simultaneously existed in the short-term store.
Assume a participant has just studied a list of word pairs and is now being tested on his memory of those pairs.
Memories stored in long-term store are retrieved through a logical process involving the assembly of cues, sampling, recovery, and evaluation of recovery.
According to the model, when an item needs to be recalled from memory the individual assembles the various cues for the item in the short-term store.
Using these cues the individual determines which area of the long-term store to search and then samples any items with associations to the cues.
The usefulness of the SAM model and in particular its model of the short-term store is often demonstrated by its application to the recency effect in free recall.
When serial-position curves are applied to SAM, a strong recency effect is observed, but this effect is strongly diminished when a distractor, usually arithmetic, is placed in between study and test trials.
The recency effect occurs because items at the end of the test list are likely to still be present in short-term store and therefore retrieved first.
When a distracting task is given after the presentation of all items, information from this task displaces the last items from short-term store, resulting in a substantial reduction of recency.
Since a distracting task after the presentation of word pairs or large interpresentation intervals filled with distractors would be expected to displace the last few studied items from the short-term store, recency effects are still observed.
According to the rules of the short-term store, recency and contiguity effects should be eliminated with these distractors as the most recently studied items would no longer be present in the short-term memory.
Additionally, the original model assumes that the only significant associations between items are those formed during the study portion of an experiment.
A more recent extension of the model incorporates various features which allow the model to account for memory store for the effects of prior semantic knowledge and prior episodic knowledge.
if you first learned a banana was a fruit because you put it in the same class as apple, you do not always have to think of apples to know bananas are fruits; a memory search mechanism that uses both episodic and semantic associations, as opposed to a unitary mechanism; and a large lexicon including both words from prior lists and unpresented words.
At the time, 1982 had the second lowest number of number-one songs since 1956, with only 15 songs reaching the #1 spot.
That year, 10 acts received their first number-one songs: The J. Geils Band, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Vangelis, The Human League, Survivor, John Cougar, Men at Work, Joe Cocker, Jennifer Warnes, and Toni Basil.
He began his baseball career in 1946 and became an All-Star third baseman with the New York Cubans and was signed by the Cleveland Indians after the 1948 season as baseball's color line slowly fell.
The first Black Cuban in the major leagues and the first black player in White Sox history, as a 1951 rookie he was the one of the first Latin Americans to play in an MLB All-Star Game.
Miñoso was an American League (AL) All-Star for seven seasons and a Gold Glove winner for three seasons when he was in his 30s.
He was the AL leader in triples and stolen bases three times each and in hits, doubles, and total bases once each.
Willie Mays (179 steals) and Miñoso (167 steals) have been widely credited with leading the resurgence of speed as an offensive weapon in the 1950s.
Miñoso was particularly adept at reaching base, leading the AL in times hit by pitch a record ten times, and holding the league mark for career times hit by pitch from 1959 to 1985.
Miñoso, as a defensive standout, led the AL left fielders in assists six times and in putouts and double plays four times each.
A rare power threat on a team known for speed and defense, Miñoso also held the White Sox record for career home runs from 1956 to 1974.
He became the third player to get a hit after the age of 50 and the second player to appear in the major leagues in five decades.
Miñoso's White Sox uniform number 9 was retired in 1983, and a statue of him was unveiled at U.S. Cellular Field in 2004.
Miñoso was elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in Exile in 1983, and to the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996.
In 2014, Miñoso appeared for the second time as a candidate on the National Baseball Hall of Fame's Golden Era Committee election ballot for possible Hall of Fame consideration in 2015.
He and the other candidates including former White Sox teammate Billy Pierce, and two other former players from Cuba, Tony Oliva and Luis Tiant, all missed induction in 2015.
His date of birth is often cited as being November 29, 1923; however, his Republic of Cuba 1951 driver's license and his first Topps baseball card(s) 1952/195 list his date of birth as November 29, 1925.
Miñoso grew up playing baseball with two of his brothers and in fact managed his own team while working on his father's plantation, finding players and the necessary equipment himself.
He signed a contract with the team from the borough of Marianao in 1945 for $150 per month, and moved into the Negro leagues with the New York Cubans the next season and doubled his monthly salary.
Batting leadoff for the Cubans, he hit .309 in 1946, and followed up with a .294 average in 1947 as they won the Negro World Series over the Cleveland Buckeyes.
Miñoso remained with the Cubans until signing with the Cleveland Indians organization during the 1948 season and starting his minor league career with the Dayton Indians of the Central League, batting .525 in 11 games.
On April 19, 1949, Miñoso made his major league debut with the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first Black Cuban in the major leagues; he drew a walk as a pinch hitter in the seventh inning of a 5–1 road loss to the St. Louis Browns.
He got his first hit in his next game on May 4, a single off Alex Kellner in the sixth inning of a 4–3 win over the Philadelphia Athletics.
The next day, he hit his first home run, off Jack Kramer in the second inning of a 7–3 win over the Boston Red Sox.
Miñoso had little further chance to make an impression, however; the Indians were signing black players more aggressively than any other team in the American League, but coming off their victory in the 1948 World Series, they were the strongest team in baseball.
They had little opportunity to get Miñoso into the lineup as a rookie, as they played Ken Keltner at third base, and he had only 16 at bats through May 13 before being sent to the minor leagues.
Miñoso was sent to the San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League for the rest of the 1949 season and all of 1950, batting .297 the first year and following up with a .339 average and 115 runs batted in (RBIs).
Miñoso rejoined the Indians to start the 1951 season, but the team still could not find a spot for him in the lineup, as the Indians had Al Rosen at third base and Larry Doby, Dale Mitchell and Bob Kennedy in the outfield.
On April 30, 1951, the Indians sent Miñoso to the White Sox in a three-team trade involving the Athletics, getting relief pitcher Lou Brissie from the Athletics in exchange.
On May 1, Miñoso became the first black player on the White Sox, hitting a home run in Comiskey Park on the first pitch of his first at bat against the New York Yankees.
He was an instant star, maintaining a batting average over .350 through most of the first half of the season, and finished the season hitting .324 – second in the AL behind the .344 mark of the Athletics' Ferris Fain.
Miñoso was named for the first time to the AL All-Star roster (reserve player) becoming – along with White Sox teammate Chico Carrasquel and Washington Senators pitcher Connie Marrero – one of the first Latin Americans ever named to an All-Star team.
Following the 1951 season, he finished second in the AL's Rookie of the Year voting behind the Yankees' Gil McDougald, drawing a protest by the White Sox due to Miñoso having better statistics in nearly every category.
He led the AL in steals in both 1952 (22) and 1953 (25), and topped the league with 18 triples and 304 total bases in 1954, appearing in the All-Star Game all three years and starting in 1954.
On April 14, 1953, Opening Day, he provided the only hit for the Sox in a 4–0 loss to the Indians' Bob Lemon, and on July 4, 1954, he broke up a combined no-hitter by three Indians pitchers with two out in the ninth inning of a 2–1 loss.
He led AL left fielders with three double plays in 1953, and the following year led all major league left fielders with 13 assists and three double plays.
In the first game of a doubleheader on May 16, 1954, he drove in six runs in a 10–5 win over the Senators, and on April 23, 1955 he scored a career-high five runs in the White Sox' record-setting 29–6 road win over the Kansas City Athletics.
Miñoso again finished second in the batting race in 1954 with a .320 mark, trailing the .341 average by the Indians' Bobby Ávila (Ted Williams, who did not have enough plate appearances to qualify, would have finished second given the needed at bats).
On May 18, 1955, Miñoso suffered a skull fracture from being hit in the head by a pitch from the Yankees' Bob Grim in the first inning of an 11–6 loss.
He finished the season with a .288 average, his lowest from 1953 through 1960; however, he had the longest hitting streak in the AL that year and the longest of his career, a 23-game string from August 9 to 30 during which he batted .421.
In addition, his 18 assists that season were not only twice as many as any other left fielder in the major leagues, but also matched the highest mark by any AL left fielder from 1945 through 1983.
Miñoso also represented a rare power threat for the Sox; due to the dimensions of Comiskey Park, the White Sox were the only major league team who did not have a player hit 100 home runs for them prior to World War II.
On September 2, 1956, he hit his 80th home run with the Sox, off Hank Aguirre, in a 4–3 win over the Indians, breaking Zeke Bonura's team record.
On September 23, 1957, in a 6–5 road loss to the Athletics, he became the first player to hit 100 home runs with the White Sox, connecting in the fourth inning off Alex Kellner.
Miñoso topped AL left fielders again with 282 putouts and 10 assists in 1956, and with two double plays in 1957.
In the 1957 All-Star Game, he saved a 6–5 victory for the AL with a dramatic catch for the final out, with the tying run on second base.
The 1957 season marked the first in which Gold Glove Awards were awarded, and Miñoso was chosen as the first honoree in left field (separate awards for both leagues were established the following year, and awards for each outfield position were discontinued for half a century after 1960 in favor of three awards for outfielders regardless of position).
The White Sox traded Miñoso back to the Indians after the 1957 season in a four-player deal, with the White Sox getting pitcher Early Wynn and outfielder Al Smith in exchange for Miñoso and third baseman Fred Hatfield.
With Cleveland, Miñoso hit a career high 24 home runs in 1958, and again led AL left fielders with 13 assists.
He batted .302 in both 1958 and 1959, and on April 21, 1959 had a career-high five hits in a 14–1 road win against the Detroit Tigers, also driving in six runs for the second time in his career.
Miñoso was then ejected after throwing his bat at Umont, but apologized profusely after the game, saying he was unaware of the rule that any pitch in that situation must be called a strike regardless of its location; he served a three-game suspension.
That year, he led all major league left fielders with a career-high 317 putouts, and also led the AL again with 14 assists, and received his second Gold Glove Award.
Also in 1959, he made another All-Star appearance, starting in left field on July 7, the first of two All-Star Games held that year (MLB played two All-Star Games from 1959 through 1962).
Miñoso was deeply disappointed over having missed playing for the White Sox during their 1959 pennant-winning season, and was thrilled to be traded back to Chicago in a seven-player deal in December, with Norm Cash being the top player sent in return.
Miñoso responded by driving in six runs for the third time in his career, hitting a grand slam in the fourth inning on Opening Day against Kansas City, and giving the Sox a 10–9 victory with a walk-off home run leading off the bottom of the ninth.
Minoso had his last great season in 1960 – he made his last All-Star appearances (starter in both games), led the AL with 184 hits, had 105 RBIs, batted over .300 for the eighth and final time, and finished fourth in the MVP vote for the fourth time.
He also had perhaps his best defensive season, leading all major league left fielders in putouts (277), assists (14) and double plays (3) and winning his third and final Gold Glove Award.
After the 1961 season, in which his average dropped to .280, Miñoso was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for Joe Cunningham; Miñoso had led the AL in times hit by pitch every year since his rookie season, except 1955.
After struggling to adjust to his new league's pitchers and strike zone, he missed two months of the 1962 season due to suffering a fractured skull and broken wrist from crashing into the outfield wall in the sixth inning of an 8–5 loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers on May 11, and finished the year hitting .196.
His contract was sold to the Washington Senators prior to the 1963 season, and after hitting .229, he was released that October.
He signed with the White Sox before the 1964 campaign, but appeared in only thirty games that year, batting .226 – almost exclusively as a pinch hitter – and hit his last home run in the second game of a doubleheader on May 6 off Ted Bowsfield in the seventh inning of an 11–4 win over the Athletics.
In 1976, Miñoso was called out of retirement, becoming a first and third base coach for three seasons for the White Sox.
In 1980, Miñoso, age 54, was activated again to play for the White Sox, and was a pinch hitter in two games, again against the Angels.
He became the fourth-oldest player ever to play in the majors, behind Nick Altrock, who at age 57, pinch hit in 1933, Charley O'Leary, who at age 58, pinch hit in 1934, and Satchel Paige, who at age 59, pitched three shutout innings in one game in 1965.
Miñoso joined Altrock (1890s–1930s) as just the second player in major league history to play in five decades (1940s–1980s); out of the players who played in the major leagues in the 1940s, Minoso was the last one to appear in a major league game.
Bill Melton broke Miñoso's White Sox record of 135 career home runs in the second game of a doubleheader on August 4, 1974, a 13–10 win over the Texas Rangers; he had tied the record in the previous day's 12–5 loss.
In 1990, Miñoso was scheduled to make an appearance with the minor league Miami Miracle of the Florida State League and become the only professional to play in six decades; however, MLB overruled the Miracle on the idea.
When the last game was played at Comiskey Park during the same season, Miñoso was invited to present the White Sox lineup card to the umpires in the pregame ceremonies at home plate.
He did so while wearing the new uniform debuted by the White Sox that day, his familiar number 9 on the back.
He returned to the Saints in 2003 and drew a walk, thus becoming the only player to appear professionally in seven different decades.
The earlier extensions to his career with the Sox were publicity stunts orchestrated respectively by one-time Sox owner Bill Veeck and his son Mike, who at the time owned partial or controlling interest in the team.
He became a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996, the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame on August 11, 2002, and the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 2014.
On September 19, 2004, Minnie Miñoso Day was celebrated at U.S. Cellular Field and there was a pregame unveiling of a Minnie Miñoso statue at the field.
Miñoso was found dead in the driver's seat of a car near a gas station in Chicago at 1 am on March 1, 2015 after attending a friend's birthday party the previous day.
Miñoso became eligible for election to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1970 – a year before the Hall began considering players from the Negro leagues or taking into account the accomplishments of major leaguers in the Negro leagues – and was dropped from the ballot for insufficient support.
He was restored to the ballot five years after his final 1980 appearances as a player, and finally began to receive support as a candidate, remaining on the ballot for fourteen years before his eligibility expired; however, most of the writers voting by that point had little memory of him during his prime.
Author Stuart Miller makes the case for Miñoso's election based on the wins above replacement (WAR) statistic, which calculates the number of additional wins a team would get from a player's production compared to having played a replacement-level minor league player at the position.
Miñoso is among the top five AL players in WAR for seven of his MLB seasons, ranking first in WAR for two of those seasons.
He said that the biggest question for Hall of Fame voters would be how much potential major league production was taken away from Miñoso because baseball was not integrated at the outset of his career.
In order to be inducted, any of ten candidates on the ballot must receive at least 12 of 16 votes cast by the 16-member Golden Era Committee at the MLB Winter Meeting in December.
In 2011 and 2014, Miñoso received 9 and 8 votes; in 2011, only Ron Santo with 15 votes was elected to the Hall of Fame (inducted 2012).
Paralanguage, also known as vocalics, is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning, or convey emotion, by using techniques such as prosody, pitch, volume, intonation, etc.
The study of paralanguage is known as paralinguistics, and was invented by George L. Trager in the 1950s, while he was working at the Foreign Service Institute of the Department of State.
His colleagues at the time included Henry Lee Smith, Charles F. Hockett (working with him on using descriptive linguistics as a model for paralanguage), Edward T. Hall developing proxemics, and Ray Birdwhistell developing kinesics.
His work has served as a basis for all later research, especially those investigating the relationship between paralanguage and culture (since paralanguage is learned, it differs by language and culture).
A good example is the work of John J. Gumperz on language and social identity, which specifically describes paralinguistic differences between participants in intercultural interactions.
There are no utterances or speech signals that lack paralinguistic properties, since speech requires the presence of a voice that can be modulated.
However, the distinction linguistic vs. paralinguistic applies not only to speech but to writing and sign language as well, and it is not bound to any sensory modality.
It has its origin in the fact that the acoustic frequencies in the voice of small vocalizers are high while they are low in the voice of large vocalizers.
This gives rise to secondary meanings such as 'harmless', 'submissive', 'unassertive', which are naturally associated with smallness, while meanings such as 'dangerous', 'dominant', and 'assertive' are associated with largeness.
It is universally reflected in expressive variation, and it is reasonable to assume that it has phylogenetically given rise to the sexual dimorphism that lies behind the large difference in pitch between average female and male adults.
In text-only communication such as email, chatrooms and instant messaging, paralinguistic elements can be displayed by emoticons, font and color choices, capitalization and the use of non-alphabetic or abstract characters.
A gasp is a kind of paralinguistic respiration in the form of a sudden and sharp inhalation of air through the mouth.
Gasping is closely related to sighing, and the inhalation characterizing a gasp induced by shock or surprise may be released as a sigh if the event causing the initial emotional reaction is determined to be less shocking or surprising than the observer first believed.
A sigh is a kind of paralinguistic respiration in the form of a deep and especially audible, single exhalation of air out of the mouth or nose, that humans use to communicate emotion.
A sigh can also arise from positive emotions such as relief, particularly in response to some negative situation ending or being avoided.
This serves to improve the mechanical properties of lung tissue, and it also helps babies to develop a regular breathing rhythm.
In text messages and internet chat rooms, or in comic books, a sigh is usually represented with the word itself, 'sigh', possibly within asterisks, *sigh*.
Moaning and groaning both refer to an extended guttural sounds emanating from the throat, which typically indicate displeasure, and are made by humans beginning in infancy.
Although moaning is associated with pain and suffering, moans may also accompany pleasurable physical experiences such as eating stimulating food, receiving a massage, or engaging in sexual activity.
Clearing one's throat is a metamessaging nonverbal form of communication used in announcing one's presence upon entering the room or approaching a group.
It is done by individuals who perceive themselves to be of higher rank than the group they are approaching and utilize the throat-clear as a form of communicating this perception to others.
And in chimpanzee social hierarchy, this utterance is a sign of rank, directed by alpha males and higher-ranking chimps to lower-ranking ones and signals a mild warning or a slight annoyance.
As a form of metacommunication, the throat-clear is acceptable only to signal that a formal business meeting is about to start.
In this kind of interview, it's better for the interviewers or counselors not to intervene too much when an interviewee is talking.
Observing emotional differences and taking care of an interviewee's mental status is an important way to find slight changes during conversation.
Douglas College offers bachelor's degrees and general university arts and science courses, as well as career programs in health care, human services, business and the creative arts.
Each year, more than 4,000 international students from 92 countries take for-credit courses at Douglas College, accounting for roughly 18 percent of the student population.
The Royals compete in men's and women's basketball, curling, golf, soccer and volleyball as well as men's baseball and women's softball.
The Royals are members of the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA), the Pacific Western Athletic Association (PACWEST) and the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC).
They alleged mass scale fraud whereby students were guaranteed to pass their courses through various methods such as black market answer sheets, progressively easier make-up exams, and grade tampering.
Fairchild Camera and Instrument was incorporated in Delaware in 1927 as the Fairchild Aviation Corporation (also see Fairchild Aircraft), which comprised seven aircraft businesses that were the outgrowth of Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation, which was incorporated in 1920.
Fairchild Aerial Camera manufactured aerial cameras for military and commercial aerial mapping that were used in Russia, Poland, and throughout South America.
Its product portfolio expanded during World War II from aerial photography equipment to include machine gun cameras, x-ray cameras, radar cameras, gun synchronizers, and radio compasses.
During the 1950s, Fairchild invested heavily in research and development, and introduced new products that ranged from devices combining radar and photography for training pilots to automatic corrected color engraving machines.
Sherman Fairchild agreed to provide the venture capital for Fairchild Semiconductor, from which would spawn dozens of semiconductors and Silicon Valley.
In 1960 Fairchild merged with Allen B. DuMont Laboratories and acquired a large interest in Società Generale Semiconduttori, an Italian semiconductor producer.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s it acquired several companies in various industries: printing, sensors and magnetic heads, precision optical and photographic equipment, water quality monitoring equipment, and precision molding equipment.
Its corporate headquarters were in Syosset, New York, which were later moved to Mountain View, California when Lester Hogan assumed control of Fairchild Semiconductor.
In 2001, the Carlyle Group reached an agreement with BAE to spin out Fairchild's imaging sensors division as an independent private company called Fairchild Imaging.
Percy Brand Blanshard (; August 27, 1892 – November 19, 1987) was an American philosopher known primarily for his defense of reason and rationalism.
Mr. Blanshard brought his sons to Grand Rapids, Michigan, for maternal care by his mother, Orminda Adams Blanshard, widow of Methodist clergyman Shem Blanshard.
The family moved northwest to Bay View, Michigan, while Francis moved alone to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where, in 1904, he died, alone in a tent.
Mrs. Orminda Blanshard raised her grandsons on an annual pension of $250 from the Methodist church while the boys washed dishes at a restaurant.
Realizing their need for good education, the family relocated to Detroit in 1908 so the boys could graduate from the well known Central High School.
After a mere three years at Michigan, he obtained a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Merton College, Oxford, where he studied under Horace W. B. Joseph, who greatly influenced him, and met F.H.
Upon the outbreak of World War I, he interrupted his studies and joined the British Army YMCA, which sent him to Bombay and Amhara, where he witnessed poverty and the horrors of war at first hand.
Once demobilized, he returned to Oxford to complete his BA (Hons) and then earned his doctorate at Harvard under Clarence Irving Lewis.
Blanshard was a rationalist who espoused and defended a strong conception of reason during a century when reason came under attack in philosophy and psychology alike.
He was also generally regarded as one of the last absolute idealists because he was strongly influenced by British idealism (especially F.H.
Blanshard sharply distinguished epistemological idealism (the position that all objects of direct experience exist only in consciousness) from ontological idealism (the position that the world in itself is mental, or made of mind-stuff).
While he accepted epistemological idealism, he wasn't prepared to take the extra step to ontological idealism, unlike Berkeley, Hegel, Royce, or Bosanquet.
Strongly critical of positivism, logical atomism, pragmatism, and most varieties of empiricism, he held that the universe consists of an Absolute in the form of a single all-encompassing intelligible system in which each element has a necessary place.
Thought, he held, is that activity of mind which aims at truth, and the ultimate object of thought is full understanding of the Absolute.
Such understanding comes about, in his view, through a grasp of necessity: to understand (or explain) something is to see it as necessitated within a system of which it is a part.
On Blanshard's view, the Absolute is thus not merely consistent (i.e., noncontradictory) but positively coherent, shot through with relations of necessity and indeed operating purely deterministically.
Sympathetic to theism but skeptical of traditional religious and theological dogma, he did not regard his Absolute as having the characteristics of a personal God but nevertheless maintained that it was a proper subject of (rational) religious inquiry and even devotion.
Theologically, Blanshard was raised Methodist but tended toward theological liberalism from an early age, a tendency that became more pronounced as he grew older.
Beginning during his time at Swarthmore, he maintained a lifelong connection with the Religious Society of Friends despite personal disagreements with some of Quakerism's generally accepted tenets (notably its pacifism).
He regarded the first of these factors as by far the more important and held that the major intrinsic goods of human experience answer to the basic drives of human nature; he maintained that these two factors together provide not merely a criterion for but the actual meaning of intrinsic goodness.
These two philosophers, he held, had rescued Jean-Jacques Rousseau's confused doctrine of the general will and placed it on a rationally-defensible footing.
The state is justified if, and precisely insofar as, it helps individual human beings to pursue and achieve the common end which is the object of their rational will.
While Blanshard was a great admirer of the clarity and rigor of British analytical philosophy, which he saw as its best characteristic, he was appalled by what he regarded as the greatly shrunken scope of philosophy as conceived by both logical positivism and later 'ordinary language' philosophy.
However, his incisive critiques of Wittgenstein, Russell, and Moore, though almost superhumanly fair, placed him very much at odds with the main currents of Anglo-American philosophy.
At the same time he was unsympathetic to what he saw as the anti-rationalism, and tendency to obscurantism, of Existentialism, which placed him at odds with some tendencies in Continental philosophy.
Located on the campus that for decades housed the San Rafael Military Academy prior to its closure, Marin Academy was founded in 1971 with 16 faculty and a student body of 59.
MA requires students to take two years of one of its performing or visual arts programs, four years of English, three years of History, three years of Mathematics, three years of Science (Biology, Chemistry, and one Physics course are required), and two semesters of Human Development, a health and social awareness class.
In addition to classroom instruction, Marin Academy students undertake a number of non-traditional learning experiences such as minicourse, the Outings program, end-of-year projects (EOY), a wilderness quest, and mandatory senior speeches or senior arts.
The school conducts annual conferences and workshops on equality and social justice, called the Conference on Democracy and has a tradition of seniors delivering speeches to school assemblies.
Travis Brownley, an educator who was the dean of the Groton School, was appointed the Head of School in 2008 following the departure of the previous head of school, Bodie Brizendine, who had led the school for 12 years, and Dick Drew, who served as interim head of school.
Marin Academy has developed a strong athletics program, highlighted by recent successes in boys' soccer, boys' lacrosse, cross country and girls' volleyball.
Marin Academy won back-to-back North Coast Section championships in boys' soccer in 2000 and 2001, and is a regular contender for regional championships.
Girls' varsity soccer won the BCL and placed second in the North Coast Section Championship, losing to the Branson High School 4-2, in 2002.
In 2007, MA and University again matched up in the BCL and NCS championships, with UHS winning BCL and MA winning NCS 2-0.
In 2008 MA and University were matched up once again in the BCL final and the Wildcats defeated the Devils 2-0.
These 5 final matches have fueled a fierce rivalry between the two schools and have been known to attract the entire student body from both schools to matches specifically in the past at Kezar Stadium.
Most recently, the high school varsity team captured the NCS title in 2016 despite losing star player - Josh Cohen - a few years prior.
Marin Academy's varsity soccer teams, of which the boys' was ranked as high as fourth in the country among schools of all sizes, are coached by Josh Kalkstein.
The girls' volleyball team won the state and NCS division V championships in 2004, after losing to University High School in both the NCS and Northern California championship games the year before.
In the 2012 spring season, the Girls' Varsity Swim Team set the first North Coast Section record in Marin Academy history, with a time of 1:34.82 in the 200 yard freestyle relay.
The girls placed fifth overall at NCS, first out of Marin County teams, and first out of schools with fewer than one thousand students.
The Marin Academy Cross Country team placed first in NCS in 2015 and placed second in the California State Championships D V in both 2013 and 2015.
John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is a former attorney who served as White House Counsel for United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973.
Dean is known for his role in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal and his subsequent testimony to Congress as a witness.
His guilty plea to a single felony in exchange for becoming a key witness for the prosecution ultimately resulted in a reduced sentence, which he served at Fort Holabird outside Baltimore, Maryland.
Shortly after the Watergate hearings, Dean wrote about his experiences in a series of books and toured the United States to lecture.
Dean has been particularly critical of the party's support of Presidents George W. Bush and Donald Trump, and of neoconservatism, strong executive power, mass surveillance, and the Iraq War.
Dean was born in Akron, Ohio, and lived in Marion, the hometown of the 29th President of the United States, Warren Harding, whose biographer he later became.
For high school, he attended Staunton Military Academy with Barry Goldwater Jr., the son of Sen. Barry Goldwater, and became a close friend of the family.
Dean married Karla Ann Hennings on February 4, 1962; they had one child, John Wesley Dean IV, before divorcing in 1970.
After graduation, Dean joined Welch & Morgan, a law firm in Washington, D.C., where he was soon accused of conflict of interest violations and fired: he was alleged to have started negotiating his own private deal for a TV station broadcast license, after his firm had assigned him to complete the same task for a client.
Dean was employed from 1966 to 1967 as chief minority counsel to the Republicans on the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.
The following year, he became an associate deputy in the office of the Attorney General of the United States, serving under Attorney General John N. Mitchell, with whom he was on friendly terms.
In July 1970, he accepted an appointment to serve as counsel to the president, after the previous holder of this post, John Ehrlichman, became the president's chief domestic adviser.
On January 27, 1972, Dean, the White House Counsel, met with Jeb Magruder (Deputy Director of the Committee to Re-Elect the President, or CRP and CREEP) and John N. Mitchell (Attorney General of the United States, and soon-to-be Director of CRP), in Mitchell's office, for a presentation by G. Gordon Liddy (counsel for CRP and a former FBI agent).
Liddy was ordered to scale down his ideas and he presented a revised plan to the same group on February 4, which was, however, left unapproved at that stage.
This scaled-down plan would lead eventually to attempts to eavesdrop on the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C., and to the Watergate scandal.
The burglars' first break-in attempt in late May was successful, but several problems had arisen with poor-quality information from their bugs, and they wanted to photograph more documents.
After the arrests of the burglars, Dean took custody of evidence and money from the White House safe of E. Howard Hunt, who had been in charge of the burglaries, and later destroyed some of the evidence before it could be found by investigators.
On February 28, 1973, Acting FBI Director L. Patrick Gray testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee during his nomination to replace J. Edgar Hoover as Director of the FBI.
Armed with newspaper articles indicating the White House had possession of FBI Watergate files, the committee chairman, Sam Ervin, questioned Gray as to what he knew about the White House obtaining the files.
White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman would later claim that Dean was appointed by Nixon to take the lead role in coordinating the Watergate cover-up from an early stage and that this cover-up was working very well for many months.
On March 22, 1973, Nixon requested that Dean put together a report with everything he knew about the Watergate matter and even invited him to take a retreat to Camp David to do so.
Dean went to Camp David and performed some work on a report, but since he was one of the cover-up's chief participants, the task placed him in the difficult position of relating his own involvement as well as others'; he correctly concluded he was being fitted for the role of scapegoat by higher-ups.
On March 23, the five Watergate burglars, along with G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt, were sentenced with stiff fines and maximum prison time of up to 40 years.
On April 6, Dean hired an attorney and began his cooperation with Senate Watergate investigators, while continuing to work as Nixon's Chief White House Counsel and participate in cover-up efforts, not disclosing this obvious conflict to Nixon until some time later.
Dean was also receiving advice from the attorney he hired, Charles Shaffer, on matters involving vulnerabilities of other White House staff.
Dean continued to provide information to the prosecutors who were able to make enormous progress on the cover-up, which up until then they had virtually ignored, having concentrated on the actual burglary and events preceding it.
Dean also appeared before the Watergate grand jury, where he took the Fifth Amendment numerous times to avoid incriminating himself, and in order to save his testimony for the Senate Watergate hearings.
Dean had earlier asked Nixon for formal immunity from prosecution for any crimes he might have committed while serving as White House Counsel.
The committee had voted to grant him use immunity (doing so in a divided vote in a private session that was then changed to a unanimous vote and announced that way to the public).
His testimony attracted very high television ratings since he was breaking new ground in the investigation, and media attention grew apace, with more detailed newspaper coverage.
Dean was the first administration official to accuse Nixon of direct involvement with Watergate and the resulting cover-up in press interviews.
Such testimony against Nixon, while damaging to the president's credibility, had little impact legally, as it was merely his word against Nixon's.
Nixon vigorously denied all accusations that he had authorized a cover-up, and Dean had no corroboration beyond various notes he had taken in his meetings with the president.
It was not until information about secret White House tape recordings having been made by President Nixon (disclosed in testimony by Alexander Butterfield, on July 16) and the tapes having been subpoenaed and analyzed that many of Dean's accusations were largely substantiated.
Dean had had suspicions that Nixon was taping conversations, but had not known for sure, and he tipped prosecutors to question witnesses along this line, leading to Butterfield's revelations.
Archibald Cox, Watergate Special Prosecutor, was interested in meeting with Dean and planned to do so a few days later, but Cox was fired by Nixon the very next day; it was not until a month later that Cox was replaced by Leon Jaworski.
He spent his days at the offices of Jaworski, the Watergate Special Prosecutor, and testifying in the trial of Watergate conspirators Mitchell, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, Robert Mardian, and Kenneth Parkinson, which concluded in December.
Dean's lawyer moved to have his sentence reduced and on January 8, Judge Sirica granted the motion, adjusting Dean's sentence to time served, which wound up being four months.
When it was uncovered that President Nixon had secretly recorded all meetings in the Oval Office, famous psychologist and memory researcher Ulric Neisser analyzed Dean's recollections of the meetings, as espoused in his testimony, in comparison to the meetings' actual recordings.
Yet, Neisser did not explain the difference as one of deception; rather, he thought that the evidence supported the theory that memory is not akin to a tape recorder and, instead, should be thought of as reconstructions of information that are greatly affected by rehearsal, or attempts at replay.
In it, he asserts that post-Goldwater conservatism has been co-opted by people with authoritarian personalities and policies, citing data from Bob Altemeyer.
According to Dean, modern conservatism, specifically on the Christian Right, embraces obedience, inequality, intolerance, and strong intrusive government, in stark contrast to Goldwater's philosophies and policies.
Using Altemeyer's scholarly work, he contends that there is a tendency toward ethically questionable political practices when authoritarians are placed in positions of power, and that the current political situation is dangerously unsound because of it.
Dean cites the behavior of key members of the Republican leadership, including George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Tom DeLay, Newt Gingrich, and Bill Frist, as clear evidence of a relationship between modern right-wing conservatism and this authoritarian approach to governance.
He places particular emphasis on the abdication of checks and balances by the Republican Congress, and on the dishonesty of the conservative intellectual class in support of the GOP, as a result of the obedience and arrogance innate to the authoritarian mentality.
In his testimony, Dean asserted that Richard Nixon covered up Watergate because he believed it was in the interest of national security.
This sparked a sharp debate with Republican South Carolina senator Lindsey Graham, who repeatedly asserted that Nixon authorized the break-in at Democratic headquarters.
Dean concludes that conservatism must regenerate itself to remain true to its core ideals of limited government and the rule of law.
He stated that he had found information via the Nixon tapes, that showed what the burglars were after: information on a kickback scheme involving the Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida.
Dean also asserts that Nixon did not directly order the break-in, but that it was ordered by Ehrlichman on behalf of Nixon.
In early June 2019, Dean testified, along with various U.S. attorneys and legal experts, before the House Judiciary Committee on the implications of, and potential actions as a result of, the Mueller Report.
Based in East Berlin, it operated scheduled and chartered flights to European and intercontinental destinations out of its hub at Berlin Schönefeld Airport, focusing on Comecon countries.
Following the end of World War II and the subsequent allied occupation of Germany, all aircraft in the country were seized and the airline was liquidated.
As a state-owned airline, Interflug with its approximate 8,000 employees was under control of the National Defense Council, which held the supreme command of the East German armed forces.
The majority of the pilots of Interflug were reserve officers of the National People's Army (and as such required to be members of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany), and all of its aircraft could have been requisitioned for military purposes at any time.
Klaus Henkes, who became General Director of the airline in 1978, had previously served as General of the East German Air Force.
During the 1980s, Interflug had to cope with increasing problems due to its ageing fleet: The fuel efficiency proved to be inferior compared to contemporary Western airliners, and noise protection regulations meant that the company had to pay increased landing fees, in some cases even facing bans from operating at certain airports.
With some exceptions, Western-built airliners (most notably those produced by Boeing, McDonnell Douglas or Airbus) could not be delivered to countries of the Soviet bloc because of the CoCom embargo.
Following a deal between Boeing and LOT Polish Airlines for the purchase of six Boeing 767 aircraft and in order to acknowledge the Perestroika movement, commercial airliners were exempted from the trade embargo in 1988.
The deal was secured with the sponsorship of Franz Josef Strauss, then Minister-President of Bavaria, chairman of the Airbus supervisory board and responsible for West German loans granted to East Germany.
The A310 allowed for non-stop flights to Cuba (previously, flights had needed a fuel stop at Gander International Airport in Canada).
Following the Fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989 and the subsequent political changes in East Germany, several foreign airlines expressed intentions to take over parts of the highly unprofitable company, in order to get a grip on the German air traffic market, especially concerning Berlin.
In early March 1990, Lufthansa signed a letter of intent to acquire 26 percent in Interflug, but the offer was blocked by the Federal Cartel Office.
As no investors could be found, it was announced on 7 February 1991 that Interflug (then having 2,900 employees and 20 aircraft) would be liquidated.
Henceforth, they were operated by the German Air Force, also being used for the representative VIP transport of high-ranking politicians like the German president or chancellor.
As a state-owned company of East Germany, Interflug had the important role to secure foreign exchanges, as the national East German mark was considered a weak currency.
For most of its existence, Interflug was not a member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and therefore could significantly undercut ticket prices of other European carriers.
From the 1970s, an increased effort was put on operating chartered flights to Mediterranean and Black Sea holiday resorts, many of which specifically catered for West Germans (as travel restrictions applied for East Germans).
All of these flights could be booked at travel agencies in West Berlin and West Germany, which had signed sale contracts with Interflug.
By the early 1980s, the low Interflug ticket prices had resulted in a considerable impact on Berlin Tegel Airport in West Berlin, which experienced a severe decline of holiday flights.
Reportedly, pilots of Pan American World Airways, which had a hub at Tegel, considered operating flights to Greece without payments, in order to allow the airline to compete with Interflug.
As neither airline was entitled to cross the intra-German border, the KLM flights were routed via Denmark, and Interflug chose a southern routing over Czechoslovakia.
During the annual Leipzig Trade Fair, which at that time was considered the most important meeting place for businessmen and politicians on both sides of the Iron Curtain, Lufthansa and Interflug were granted special permits to operate flights between Leipzig and West Germany.
In 1986, Lufthansa and Interflug applied for joint traffic rights for year-round scheduled intra-German flights over the Iron Curtain, which was initially rejected by the Western Allies (probably due to concerns that their unique market position for flights to and from Berlin might be weakened), and only granted in August 1989.
That year, 9 acts received their first number one song, such as Toto, Patti Austin, James Ingram, Dexys Midnight Runners, Irene Cara, The Police, Eurythmics, Michael Sembello, and Bonnie Tyler.
The band consists of five members: founding vocalist Chris Barnes, guitarists Ray Suhy and Jack Owen, bassist Jeff Hughell and drummer Marco Pitruzzella.
It was originally a side project formed by Barnes with guitarist Allen West of Obituary, but became a full-time commitment after Barnes was dismissed from Cannibal Corpse in 1995.
They have released twelve albums, and are listed by Nielsen Soundscan as the fourth best-selling death metal act in the U.S.
After Barnes and West joined forces, they recruited Terry Butler, who knew West from his involvement with Massacre, and Greg Gall, Terry Butler's brother-in-law.
Combined with Barnes' departure from Cannibal Corpse, the arrival of Swanson helped turn Six Feet Under from a mere side-project to a band in its own right.
During the summer of 2000, Six Feet Under participated in the Vans Warped Tour, a festival that, at the time, usually featured punk rock bands.
The songs were given death metal makeovers in regards to the timbre of the vocals and instruments, but the original riffs and rhythms of the songs were left intact.
Six Feet Under undertook a lengthy bout of American tours, commencing in the summer of 2002, with supporters Skinless and Sworn Enemy.
The first two discs are 'best-of' material, the third is a rarities collection, the fourth disc is from one of the band's first concerts back in 1995, and the final disc is a live DVD from 2005.
His new bandmates saw this as a huge compliment, having started out as a Six Feet Under and Obituary cover band.
On December 24, 2007, Six Feet Under announced on their website that they would go to the studio in early 2008 to record a new album.
Drummer Greg Gall is currently writing and recording material with a new band called Exitsect, along with guitarist Sam Williams (Denial Fiend, Down by Law), bassist Frank Watkins (Obituary, Gorgoroth), guitarist Joe Kiser (Murder-Suicide Pact, Slap Of Reality) and vocalist Paul Pavlovich (Assück).
In November 2011, Rob Arnold and Matt Devries posted statements saying they have departed from Chimaira to play in Six Feet Under full-time.
It was also announced on the same day that Rob Arnold would be replaced by Swedish guitarist Ola Englund of bands Feared and Scarpoint.
On this release Chris Barnes incorporated Phil Hall, Josh Hall and Brandon Ellis from the band Cannabis Corpse for the studio line up.
In April 2015, Jeff Hughell had to step out from the Hatefest tour in Europe and Victor Brandt of Entombed had to fill in as a temporary bassist.
The band released their fourth cover album on May 27, 2016 with Ray Suhy on guitar and bass and Josh Hall on drums, both from Cannabis Corpse, appearing on the album.
The album marked the debut of drummer Marco Pitruzzella with the addition of Jeff Hughell who recorded guitar and bass for the album.
That same year, Chris announced that the band was writing material for their 13th album, with an estimated release window yet to be determined.
They play a more groove oriented style of death metal, performing slower, or more mid-tempo paced songs than most death metal acts.
Barnes' lyrical style has changed little since his departure from Cannibal Corpse, though the lyrical content is not as shocking as that of his first band.
Barnes writes about violence, gore and death, with some political leanings, such as the legality of marijuana and criticism of the government.
Carte Blanche is a South African investigative journalism television series that airs on M-Net during prime time viewing on Sunday nights, currently at 19:00.
It was launched in 1988 and has since earned credibility amongst South African viewers for its investigation into corruption, consumer issues and current events.
The Trust has undertaken major paediatric ward revitalisation and capital building projects around the country - at two sites in Johannesburg, two in Pretoria, one each in Bloemfontein, Kimberly, East London, Sebokeng and Durban.
Apart from several infrastructural upgrades at two child welfare organisations, the Carte Blanche Making a Difference Trust has in previous years supported feeding schemes and assisted in providing food parcels and managing supplies at Inchanga in KZN and Johannesburg Child Welfare and Johannesburg Parent and Child Counselling Centres in greater Johannesburg and at Hartebeespoort Dam in the North-West province.
Robin Dale Hanson (born August 28, 1959) is an associate professor of economics at George Mason University and a research associate at the Future of Humanity Institute of Oxford University.
He is known as an expert on idea futures and markets, and he was involved in the creation of the Foresight Institute's Foresight Exchange and DARPA’s FutureMAP project.
He invented market scoring rules like LMSR (Logarithmic Market Scoring Rule) used by prediction markets such as Consensus Point (where Hanson is Chief Scientist), and has conducted research on signalling.
Hanson is credited with originating the concept of the Policy Analysis Market (PAM), a DARPA project to implement a market for betting on future developments in the Middle East.
Hanson has expressed great disappointment in DARPA's cancellation of its related FutureMAP project, and he attributes this to the controversy surrounding the related Total Information Awareness program.
Like Robert H. Treman State Park, a portion of the land that was to become the state park came from Robert and Laura Treman in 1924.
The original of the park were presented as a gift to New York State by Robert and Laura Treman in 1924.
Revolutionary War era soldier Joseph Plumb Martin mentioned a Buttermilk Falls in his diary; however, this refers to present day Highland Falls in the Hudson Valley and not in Ithaca, NY.
The park also offers a beach, cabins, fishing, hiking, deer bow-hunting, nature trails, pavilions, a playground, playing fields, recreation programs, and a campground with tent and trailer sites.
The nature trails in the park include Gorge Trail, which follows Buttermilk Creek as it cascades, dropping about along the trail.
Gorge Trail is complemented by Rim Trail on the other side of the creek, which make for a loop of about .
Another trail in the park is the Larch Trail, which circles a marsh near the main (lower) parking area and is about in length.
While this town is comparatively close to central Osaka, it is abundant in nature with much of nature remains in the northern part of Inagawa, with firefly, Japanese giant salamander and rhacophorus arboreus still live there.
In southern part of Inagawa, there are three large new towns, the Hankyu-Nissei Newtown (阪急日生ニュータウン), Inagawa Parktown (猪名川パークタウン), and Tsutsujigaoka (つつじが丘) and are located on the centre of Inagawa.
On March 20, 2006, Yashiro, along with the towns of Takino and Tōjō (all from Katō District), was merged to create the city of Katō.
On March 20, 2006, Takino, along with the towns of Tōjō and Yashiro (all from Katō District), was merged to create the city of Katō.
On March 20, 2006, Tōjō, along with the towns of Takino and Yashiro (all from Katō District), was merged to create the city of Katō.
On November 1, 2005, Naka, along with the towns of Kami and Yachiyo (all from Taka District), was merged to create the town of Taka.
On November 1, 2005, Kami, along with the towns of Naka and Yachiyo (all from Taka District), was merged to create the town of Taka.
On November 1, 2005, Yachiyo, along with the towns of Kami and Naka (all from Taka District), was merged to create the town of Taka.
In addition a charter update was written for Harima on April 28, 1989) The following is a translation of the text.
We are living in a time of admirable history and favorable natural resources and we hope to lead a good life with a happy heart.
We aim to make a bright town where everyone lives in a happy family and greets the 21st century with pride.
The Harima International Friendship Association (HIFA) maintains sister-city relationships with Lima, Ohio, in the United States and Heping, Tianjin, in China.
On March 27, 2006, the towns Ieshima, Yumesaki (also from Shikama District), Yasutomi (Shisō District), and Kōdera (Kanzaki District) were merged into the expanded city of Himeji and are no longer independent municipalities.
Tangajima and Nishijima have been quarried for at least 400 years and supplied stones used in the building of Osaka Castle.
Ieshima is host to the annual Open Water Swim Competition which has been rapidly gaining fame as one of the most popular open water swim competitions in Japan.
On March 27, 2006, Yumesaki, along with the town of Ieshima (also from Shikama District), the town of Yasutomi (from Shisō District), and the town of Kōdera (from Kanzaki District), was merged into the expanded city of Himeji and is no longer an independent municipality.
Yumesaki was locally famous for its onsens (hot springs), sakura blossoms in Spring, as well as its hiking grounds, with particularly nice trails along Mount Seppiko.
On November 7, 2005, Kanzaki, along with the town of Ōkawachi (also from Kanzaki District), was merged to create the town of Kamikawa.
As of March 31, 2017, the town has an estimated population of 12,583 and a density of 150 persons per km².
As of April 30, 2017, the town had an estimated population of 19,516 and a density of 430 persons per km².
The municipal government of Fukusaki held a yōkai design contest and installed a mechanical kappa statue that pops out of a pond in Tsujikawa Yama Park to attract tourists.
In 2015, the government went on to design a kappa costume for the character Gajiro (ガジロウ), who is said to be the younger brother of Gataro.
On March 27, 2006, Kōdera, along with the towns of Ieshima and Yumesaki (both from Shikama District), and the town of Yasutomi (from Shisō District), was merged into the expanded city of Himeji and is no longer an independent municipality.
On November 7, 2005, Okawachi, along with the town of Kanzaki (also from Kanzaki District), was merged to create the town of Kamikawa.
On October 1, 2005, Shingū, along with the towns of Ibogawa and Mitsu (all from Ibo District), was merged into the expanded city of Tatsuno.
On October 1, 2005, Ibogawa, along with the towns of Mitsu and Shingū (all from Ibo District), was merged into the expanded city of Tatsuno.
On October 1, 2005, Mitsu, along with the towns of Ibogawa and Shingū (all from Ibo District), was merged into the expanded city of Tatsuno.
In October 2005 the three towns along with the town of Tatsuno merged into a single city bearing the name of Tatsuno.
Separate plans have been laid out respectively for the merger Taishi and Tatsuno, and the merger of Taishi and Himeji into a single municipal district.
The city is enveloped to the west by the city of Tatsuno, and to the east by the city of Himeji.
In August 2009, around a dozen people in Sayo are dead or missing as a result of flash floods due to Tropical Storm Etau, according to NHK.
On October 1, 2005, Kōzuki, along with the towns of Mikazuki and Nankō (all from Sayō District), was merged into the expanded town of Sayō.
On October 1, 2005, Nankō, along with the towns of Kōzuki and Mikazuki (all from Sayō District), was merged into the expanded town of Sayō.
On October 1, 2005, Mikazuki, along with the towns of Kōzuki and Nankō (all from Sayō District), was merged into the expanded town of Sayō.
On April 1, 2005, Yamasaki, along with the towns of Chikusa, Haga and Ichinomiya (all from Shisō District), was merged to create the city of Shisō and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
This population was served by a large hospital, the administrative center of Shisō City, and a major intercity highway, the Chūgoku Expressway.
The new Shisō City incorporates a number of local townships and villages, most significantly the castle town of Haga and Chikusa.
On March 27, 2006, Yasutomi, along with the towns of Ieshima and Yumesaki (both from Shikama District), and the town of Kōdera (from Kanzaki District), was merged into the expanded city of Himeji and is no longer an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Haga, along with the towns of Chikusa, Ichinomiya and Yamasaki (all from Shisō District), was merged to create the city of Shisō and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Chikusa, along with the towns of Haga, Ichinomiya and Yamasaki (all from Shisō District), was merged to create the city of Shisō and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
The town offered a reward for any sightings of a legendary being called a Tsuchinoko () and still has a mascot called Tsuchi-kun based on the legend.
As of April 1, 2005 (but with June 30, 2004 population data), the district had an estimated population of 5,983 and a density of 99 persons per km².
On April 1, 2005, Kinosaki, along with the towns of Hidaka and Takeno (all from Kinosaki District), and the towns of Izushi and Tantō (both from Izushi District), was merged into the expanded city of Toyooka and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
It is common for tourists staying in Kinosaki Onsen to walk around in yukata, this saves them having to change into their own clothes every time they use an onsen.
In addition to the onsens, tourists can visit the where they can participate in a straw craft-making workshop, the to learn about the writers of Kinosaki Onsen, as well as many shops and cafes.
A JR Pass (more specifically, a Kansai WIDE Area Pass) can be purchased to travel from Osaka or Kyoto to Kinosaki.
On April 1, 2005, Takeno, along with the towns of Kinosaki and Hidaka (all from Kinosaki District), and the towns of Izushi and Tantō (both from Izushi District), was merged into the expanded city of Toyooka, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
That year, 14 acts earn their first number one song, such as Surface, C+C Music Factory, Freedom Williams, Timmy T, Londonbeat, Hi-Five, Extreme, EMF, Color Me Badd, Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, Loleatta Holloway, Karyn White, The New Power Generation, and P.M.
Mariah Carey and Paula Abdul were the only acts to hit number one more than once, with Mariah Carey having the most with three and Paula Abdul having two.
At times, she was thought to be deaf, psychotic, disturbed, or retarded, but only as an adult did she discover that her difficulty interfacing with the world around her was related to autism.
It ends with her leaving the manuscript behind with a UK child psychiatrist, Sebastian Kraemer, who sent it on to autism specialist Frances Tustin, who was responsible for its eventual publication.
Donna Williams is also the author of the screenplay of the same name which is optioned to Hollywood film producer, Beverly Nero.
This installment picks up the story of her becoming a teacher and the first book becoming published, and how that changed her life.
On April 1, 2005, Kasumi, along with the towns of Mikata and Muraoka (both from Mikata District), was merged to create the town of Kami (in Mikata District), and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Hidaka, along with the towns of Kinosaki and Takeno (all from Kinosaki District), and the towns of Izushi and Tantō (both from Izushi District), was merged into the expanded city of Toyooka and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
The average weather temperatures in the Toyooka area range between -3° Celsius (26°F) in January to 35° Celsius (95°F) in August.
On April 1, 2005, Izushi, along with the towns of Kinosaki, Hidaka and Takeno (all from Kinosaki District), and the town of Tantō (also from Izushi District), was merged into the expanded city of Toyooka and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
The first and original castle's location on top of Mount Ariko was too difficult for even the ruling family and their retainers to reach easily and, in 1604, it was moved to the base of the mountain.
A drum would beat to call retainers to the castle to work and signal the businesses in the town that working hours had started.
It was formerly part of the gate system into the castle, now only it has only a small moat filled with koi.
It was said to have been brought to Izushi with the Sengoku family, when they were transferred by the Ashikaga Shogunate from Shinshu.
Izushi soba has three distinctions that are key to its special flavor and consistency: grinding the buckwheat in a special way, kneading it to a certain thickness, and cooking them in a way to prevent them from becoming too soft.
It is served cold, on small plates with a cup of cold broth and several optional ingredients to strengthen the broth flavor, such as grated daikon radish, wasabi, potato paste, chopped green onion, and a raw egg.
On April 1, 2005, Tantō, along with the towns of Kinosaki, Hidaka and Takeno (all from Kinosaki District), and the town of Izushi (also from Izushi District), was merged into the expanded city of Toyooka, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Muraoka, along with the town of Kasumi (from Kinosaki District), and the town of Mikata (also from Mikata District), was merged to create the town of Kami (in Mikata District), and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On October 1, 2005, Hamasaka, along with the town of Onsen (also from Mikata District), was merged to create the town of Shin'onsen.
This town was created on April 1, 1955, by the amalgamation of the village of Ojiro and the village of Isou.
But on April 1, 1961, the portion of Mikata that was Isou merged into the town of Muraoka, because those who in Ojiro and Isou were not friendly.
On April 1, 2005, Mikata, along with the town of Kasumi, and the town of Muraoka, was merged to create the town of Kami, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On October 1, 2005, Onsen, along with the town of Hamasaka (also from Mikata District), was merged to create the town of Shin'onsen.
As of the April 1, 2005 merger (but using 2003 population statistics), the district has an estimated population of 40,084 and a density of 66 persons per km².
On April 1, 2005, Ikuno, along with the towns of Asago (former), Santō and Wadayama (all from Asago District), was merged to create the city of Asago and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
This dish was a common appearance on the dinner tables of the mine residents when the town was bustling during the mining periods.
Ikuno Castle was originally built circa 1394–1428 and its ruins can be found on the top of Kojozan (古城山) in the Kuchiganaya district of Ikuno.
The castle acted as the local magistrate's and the Silver mine's administrative office in the Edo period until it was eventually abandoned.
The old tramcar road (pictured in the Kuchiganaya area above) is a remnant of the mineral transport system that was in place from the Kanagase mine tunnel to the old train station.
August Toronagashi event - As a part of the Obon festivities during the summer holidays the community gather around the Ichikawa river.
There are performances by the locals and houses along participating streets run small merchant stores selling handicrafts, tools, produce and food.
On April 1, 2005, Wadayama, along with the towns of Asago (former), Ikuno and Santō (all from Asago District), was merged to create the city of Asago and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Santō, along with the towns of Asago (former), Ikuno and Wadayama (all from Asago District), was merged to create the city of Asago and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Asago absorbed the towns of Ikuno, Santō and Wadayama (all from Asago District) to create the city of Asago.
It bordered on Wadayama and Yabu in the north, Santo in the east, Ikuno in the South and Ichinomiya in the west.
The Bantan Line, Bantan toll road and National Route 312, linked the Harima area (ancient Harima Province) with Tajima area (ancient Tajima Province), ran parallel to the Maruyama.
It was written that there were nine areas Yamaguchi, Kuwaichi, Ita, Katsu, Hirata, Toga, Asago and Awaga in Asago District on Wamyō Ruijushō.
On April 1, 2005, the former town of Asago absorbed the towns of Ikuno, Santō and Wadayama to create the city of Asago.
On November 1, 2004, Kaibara, along with the towns of Hikami, Aogaki, Ichijima, Kasuga and Sannan (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On November 1, 2004, Hikami, along with the towns of Aogaki, Ichijima, Kaibara, Kasuga and Sannan (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On November 1, 2004, Aogaki, along with the towns of Hikami, Ichijima, Kaibara, Kasuga and Sannan (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On November 1, 2004, Kasuga, along with the towns of Hikami, Aogaki, Ichijima, Kaibara and Sannan (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On November 1, 2004, Sannan, along with the towns of Hikami, Aogaki, Ichijima, Kaibara and Kasuga (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On November 1, 2004, Ichijima, along with the towns of Hikami, Aogaki, Kaibara, Kasuga and Sannan (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Tsuna, along with the towns of Awaji, Higashiura, Hokudan and Ichinomiya (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
The modern city of Awaji was established on April 1, 2005, from the merger of the former town of Awaji, absorbing the towns of Tsuna, Higashiura, Hokudan and Ichinomiya (all from Tsuna District).
As of April 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 43,110 and a population density of 230 persons per km².
Notable local places to visit are Awaji Yumebutai (Kiseki No Hoshi Greenhouse), Nojima Fault (the focus of the Great Hanshin earthquake), Akashi Kaikyo National Government Park, Honpuku-ji Temple and Awaji World Park Onokoro.
In 1999 this library and the West Bloomfield Library in West Bloomfield, Michigan in Metro Detroit were paired as sister institutions.
Jointly with Minami Awaji and Sumoto, the city operates a low-cost electric bike rental scheme, designed to attract visitors to stay for more than one day in order to explore the island.
On April 1, 2005, Hokudan, along with the towns of Awaji, Higashiura and Ichinomiya and Tsuna (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On April 1, 2005, Higashiura, along with the towns of Awaji, Hokudan, Ichinomiya and Tsuna (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On January 11, 2005, Midori, along with the towns of Mihara, Nandan and Seidan (all from Mihara District), was merged to create the city of Minamiawaji.
On January 11, 2005, Seidan, along with the towns of Mihara, Midori and Nandan (all from Mihara District), was merged to create the city of Minamiawaji.
On January 11, 2005, Mihara, along with the towns of Midori, Nandan and Seidan (all from Mihara District), was merged to create the city of Minamiawaji.
On January 11, 2005, Nandan, along with the towns of Mihara, Midori and Seidan (all from Mihara District), was merged to create the city of Minamiawaji.
Donna Leanne Williams, also known by her married name Donna Leanne Samuel (born Donna Keene; 12 October 1963 – 22 April 2017), was an Australian writer, artist, singer-songwriter, screenwriter and sculptor.
She grew up in Melbourne with an older brother, James, and a younger brother, Tom Williams (the street artist Duel; born 1969).
Her father, Ellis John Keene, later known as Jack Williams (1936–1995), was bipolar and aloof, while her mother was an alcoholic who was physically and emotionally abusive.
From 1982, Williams started studying at La Trobe University and eventually graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Diploma of Education in 1990.
In 1991, Williams was diagnosed with autism by Lawrence Bartak, a specialist at Monash Medical Centre and a senior lecturer in psychology at the associated Monash University.
The assumption underlying such responses is that autism is so incapacitating that Williams or Grandin could not be autistic and still write with such insight and sensitivity.
In 2002, she joined the United Kingdom's Medical Research Council's review into the causes of autism, where she was appointed to the lay-person's panel.
South Beach, also nicknamed SoBe, is a neighborhood in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States, located due east of Miami city proper between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
This area was the first section of Miami Beach to be developed, starting in the 1910s, due to the development efforts of Carl G. Fisher, the Lummus Brothers, and John S. Collins, the latter of whose construction of the Collins Bridge provided the first vital land link between mainland Miami and the beaches.
The area has gone through numerous artificial and natural changes over the years, including a booming regional economy, increased tourism, and the 1926 hurricane, which destroyed much of the area.
In 1894, the Lum brothers left the island, leaving control of the plantation to John Collins, who came to South Beach two years later to survey the land.
He used the land for farming purposes, discovering fresh water and extending his parcel from 14th Street to 67th in 1907.
In 1912, Miami businessmen the Lummus Brothers acquired of Collins' land in an effort to build an oceanfront city of modest single family residences.
Carl G. Fisher, a successful entrepreneur who made millions in 1909 after selling a business to Union Carbide, came to the beach in 1913.
South Beach's main streets (5th Street, Alton Road, Collins Avenue, Washington Avenue, and Ocean Drive) were all suitable for automobile traffic.
The population was growing in the 1920s, and several millionaires such as Harvey Firestone, J.C. Penney, Harry C. Stutz, Albert Champion, Frank Seiberling, and Rockwell LaGorce built homes on Miami Beach.
In the 1930s, an architectural revolution came to South Beach, bringing Art Deco, Streamline Moderne, and Nautical Moderne architecture to the Beach.
Napier, New Zealand, another notable Art Deco city, is architecturally comparable to Miami Beach as it was rebuilt in the Ziggurat Art Deco style after being destroyed by an earthquake in 1931.
In 1964, South Beach became even more famous when Jackie Gleason brought his weekly variety series, The Jackie Gleason Show to the area for taping, a rarity in the industry.
Beginning in the mid 1960s and continuing through the 1980s, South Beach was used as a retirement community with most of its ocean-front hotels and apartment buildings filled with elderly people living on small, fixed incomes.
Only minor alterations had to be made for these scenes because some buildings in South Beach were in poor condition at the time.
While many of the unique Art Deco buildings, such as the New Yorker Hotel, were lost to developers in the years before 1980, the area was saved as a cohesive unit by Barbara Baer Capitman and a group of activists who spearheaded the movement to place almost one square mile of South Beach on the National Register of Historic Places.
In the late 1980s, a renaissance began in South Beach, with an influx of fashion industry professionals moving into the area.
In both daytime and at nightfall, the South Beach section of Miami Beach is a major entertainment destination with hundreds of nightclubs, restaurants, boutiques and hotels.
The area is popular with tourists from Canada, Europe, Israel and the entire Western Hemisphere, with some having permanent or second homes there.
In 2000, 55% of residents of the city of Miami Beach spoke Spanish as a first language, while English was the first language for 33% of the population.
Portuguese (mainly Brazilian Portuguese) was spoken by 3% of residents, while French (including Canadian French) was spoken by 2%, and German by 1%.
Another unique aesthetic attribute of South Beach is the presence of several colorful and unique stands used by Miami Beach's lifeguards on South Beach.
After Hurricane Andrew, Architect William Lane donated his design services to the city and added new stops on design tours in the form of lifeguard towers.
South Beach is also the location of the Pride Parade and Pride Festival events during Pride Week of the annual Miami Beach Pride celebration.
In February 2010, ACLU announced that it would sue the City of Miami Beach for an ongoing targeting and arrests of gay men in public.
At the meeting with the local gay leaders, Miami Beach Police Chief Carlos Noriega claimed that the incidents were isolated, and promised increased diversity training for police officers.
He also announced that a captain, who is a lesbian, would soon be reassigned to internal affairs to handle complaints about police officers accused of harassing gays.
Some members of the committee were skeptical of Noriega's assertion that the recent case wasn't indicative of a larger problem in the MBPD, and provided examples of other cases.
South Beach is traversed by numerical streets which run east–west, starting with Biscayne Street, now popularly known as South Pointe Drive, one block south of First Street and the largely pedestrianized Lincoln Road (running parallel between 16th and 17th streets).
It also has 13 principal roads and avenues running north–south, which, from the Biscayne Bay side, are Bay Road, West Avenue, Alton Road, Lenox Avenue, Michigan Avenue, Jefferson Avenue, Meridian Avenue, Euclid Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenue, Drexel Avenue, Washington Avenue, Collins Avenue (State Road A1A), and Ocean Drive.
There are three smaller avenues (that do not run the entire length of South Beach) in the Collins Park area, named Park, Liberty, and James.
Most locals agree that South Beach's northern boundary runs along Dade Boulevard from Lincoln Road on the bay side of the island, and heads east-north-east until it connects with 23rd Street, which forms the northern boundary on the ocean side.
South Beach, along with a handful of other neighborhoods in Greater Miami (such as Downtown and Brickell), is one of the areas where a car-free lifestyle is commonplace.
Many South Beach residents get around by foot, bicycle, motorcycle, trolley, bus, or taxi as the neighborhood is very urban and pedestrian-friendly.
Automobile congestion in the area is frequent, so getting around in South Beach by car can often prove more difficult than simply walking or bicycling.
Recently, Miami Beach has begun bicycle initiatives promoting citywide bike parking and bike lanes that have made bicycling much more popular for residents and tourists.
Public transportation in South Beach, along with Downtown and Brickell, is heavily used, and is a vital part of South Beach life.
Although South Beach has no direct Metrorail stations, numerous Metrobus lines (operated by Miami-Dade Transit), connect to Downtown Miami and Metrorail (e.g., Metrobus lines S and 120).
The Miami International Airport can be reached quickly from several bus stops in South Beach via the Airport-Beach Express (Metrobus line 150).
Various City of Miami Beach-operated trolley routes provide free rides throughout South Beach and connect it to the other major areas of Miami Beach: South Beach Loop travels throughout South Beach, Middle Beach Loop connects South Beach to Mid-Beach's main street (41st Street) via State Road A1A and along 41st Street, and Collins Express connects South Beach to Mid-Beach and North Beach via State Road A1A.
Using Collins Express to connect to the North Beach Loop allows free travel from South Beach to several areas of North Beach.
All four trolley lines operate from 8 a.m. to midnight on Sunday and from 6 a.m. to midnight the rest of the week.
While Lincoln Road was one time rather downtrodden, it began a renaissance in the 1980s as an arts and cultural center.
Lincoln Road was fully accessible to automobile traffic until the 1950s when automobile access was limited from Alton Road to Biscayne Bay on the west end and Washington Avenue to the beach on the east end of Lincoln Road with Lincoln Mall limited to pedestrians stretching from Alton Road to Washington Avenue.
Among the late 1990s restaurants on Lincoln Road was one owned by actor Michael Caine, and managed by one of his daughters.
The Miami Beach Preservation Board approved the closure of automobile traffic on the westward part of Lincoln Mall, in favor of the renovation of the SunTrust building including the development of the 1111 Lincoln Road parking garage.
Ocean Drive is the easternmost street in South Beach, and stems from South Pointe Drive to 15th Street, running in a north–south direction.
On the part that traverses South Beach, the road is host to many local businesses, including dry cleaners, small furniture stores, small grocery markets, non-chain restaurants and fast food restaurants.
Running parallel with Ocean and Collins, Washington is notorious for having some of the world's largest and most popular nightclubs, such as Cameo and Mansion.
In the 1990s explosion of South Beach as a nightclub venue, its nightclub moguls included Ingrid Casares, whose investors included the singer Madonna.
The West Avenue Corridor extends from 5th Street north to 17th Street and bounded by the east side of Alton Road and Biscayne Bay.
Development in the West Avenue Corridor began in the 1920s when three grand hotels were built on the shores of Biscayne Bay: The Flamingo, The Fleetwood and the Floridian.
Vacationers, homeowners and renters can find an abode to suit any style in this neighborhood that supports a combination of single family homes, original art deco buildings, MiMo mid-rises and contemporary high density high-rises.
The Corridor is home to almost 10,000 residents, over 40 different condominiums, several single family homes and a number of rental buildings.
It is highly walkable since it is a quiet neighborhood and is close to many amenities - Flamingo Park, Lincoln Road, the ocean, the nightlife of Ocean Drive and Washington Avenue, Whole Foods Market, Publix and many restaurants.
Located at 10th Street and West Avenue, The Shoppes at West Avenue, built almost 12 years ago by Gumenick Properties, hosts a locus of business activity that complements the residential community.
Adding the neighborhood's attractiveness is its proximity to the neighborhoods of South of Fifth, Sunset Harbor, Belle Isle, the Venetian Islands and North Bay Road.
One could say the Corridor has come full circle - the forefathers intentions were to create a magical lifestyle in a tropical paradise, and the residents who now make their home along the Bay fulfill and continue that lifestyle.
Seán Mac Diarmada (27 January 1883 – 12 May 1916), also known as Seán MacDermott, was an Irish republican political activist and revolutionary leader.
He was one of the seven leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, which he helped to organise as a member of the Military Committee of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and was a signatory of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic.
Brought up in rural County Leitrim, he was a member of many associations which promoted the cause of the Irish language, Gaelic revival and Irish nationalism in general, including the Gaelic League and (early in his career) the Irish Catholic fraternity the Ancient Order of Hibernians.
Mac Diarmada was born John MacDermott in Corranmore, close to Kiltyclogher in County Leitrim, an area where the landscape was marked by reminders of poverty and oppression.
There was an ancient sweat-house, Mass rocks from the penal times and the persecutions of the 17th and 18th centuries, and deserted abodes as an aftermath of the hunger of the 1840s.
In 1908 he moved to Dublin, by which time he already had a long involvement in several Irish separatist and cultural organisations, including Sinn Féin, the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), the Ancient Order of Hibernians and the Gaelic League.
He originally refused to join the IRB as it was condemned by the Catholic church but Bulmer Hobson convinced him otherwise.
In November 1913 Mac Diarmada was one of the original members of the Irish Volunteers, and continued to work to bring that organisation under IRB control.
In May 1915 Mac Diarmada was arrested in Tuam, County Galway, under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 for giving a speech against enlisting into the British Army during the First World War.
Following his release in September 1915, he joined the secret Military Committee of the IRB, which was responsible for planning the rising.
Due to his disability, Mac Diarmada took little part in the fighting of Easter week, but was stationed at the headquarters in the General Post Office (GPO), as one of the Provisional Republican Government.
Following a court-martial on 9 May, Mac Diarmada was executed by firing squad on 12 May at the age of 33.
Likewise, the British Officer Lee-Wilson, who ordered Mac Diarmada to be shot, rather than imprisoned, was also killed in Cork on Collins's order during the Irish War of Independence.
So too is Sligo Mac Diarmada railway station in Sligo, and Páirc Seán Mac Diarmada, the Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Carrick-on-Shannon.
In his hometown of Kiltyclogher a statue inscribed with his final written words – see above – was erected in the village centre, his childhood home has become a National Monument.
He later served on Washington College's Board of Visitors and Governors — his only such involvement with an institution of higher learning.
The college's first president, the Reverend William Smith, was a prominent figure in colonial affairs of letters and church, and he had a wide acquaintance among the great men of colonial days, including Benjamin Franklin.
President Smith had envisaged Washington College as the Eastern Shore Campus of a public University of Maryland with St. John's College as its Western Shore counterpart, a proposal incorporated into the later institution's 1784 state charter, but the Maryland General Assembly's reluctance to provide funding meant this was never more than a paper institution and the relationship ended with Smith's return to Philadelphia in 1789.
With his election as first President of the United States, General Washington retired from the Board of Visitors and Governors and accepted the honorary degree of doctor of laws, which a delegation from Chestertown presented to him on June 24, 1789, in New York, then the seat of Congress.
Since Washington's last visit to campus, Washington College has hosted five U.S. presidents: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and George H. W. Bush.
The original college building cornerstone was laid in May 1783, it opened in 1788 after selling off acreage and starting a lottery to fund the project.
Approximately 1,400 undergraduates and 100 graduate students attend Washington College, 47 percent from Maryland and the balance from 35 other states and forty foreign nations.
Approximately 80 percent of all students live in college residence halls; the rest commute either from off-campus housing or from home.
The cost of attendance has been rising in recent years, with the overall costs (including room and board) increasing by roughly $2,000 per year.
The endowment created by Sophie Kerr, a writer who published 23 novels and dozens of short stories, has provided more than $1.4 million in prize money to young writers.
At a ceremony held at the Poets House in New York City on May 17, 2011, Lisa Jones was selected as the winner of the $61,000 Sophie Kerr Prize.
In 2005, Washington College inaugurated another literary prize, the George Washington Book Prize, administered by the college's C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience and awarded in partnership with the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and George Washington's Mount Vernon.
In 2015 the Rose O’Neill Literary House, Washington College's center for literature and the literary arts, established the Douglass Wallop Fellowship as a nationwide competition, with the first fellowship going to playwright Sheri Wilner.
Approximately 30 percent of students attend graduate school in the first year following graduation and approximately 45 percent do so within five years.
The school confers the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Master of Arts (in English, psychology and history).
The Center for Environment and Society oversees the Chesapeake Semester program, four interdisciplinary courses that use the College's location in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to explore environmental issues and advocacy.
Because of its reputation as a liberal arts school with creative writing being a strength, writers such as John Barth, Ray Bradbury, Bobbie Ann Mason, Colum McCann, Neil Gaiman, Tim O'Brien, Junot Diaz, and Robert Pinsky have given readings at the campus.
George Washington Birthday Ball: A college-wide dance where students, faculty, staff, alumni, and friends of the college come together to celebrate George Washington's birthday.
War on the Shore: The annual men's lacrosse game, held in late spring between Washington College and Salisbury University, two of Maryland's Eastern Shore's undergraduate schools.
Since then, May Day has become a two-day festival on April 30 and May 1, often involving public nudity by some of the student body.
Its oldest current varsity sports are the baseball team, which dates back to at least the early 1870s, and the men's basketball team, which played its 100th season in 2011-12.
While men have been playing varsity sports at Washington College for well over a century, varsity opportunities for women have been a more recent development.
The first varsity sports for women – rowing, tennis, and volleyball – were added in the mid-1970s and were followed by the additions of softball, lacrosse, field hockey, and swimming by the mid-1980s.
Washington College fielded a varsity football team through 1950, a men's track and field team through 1982, and a men's cross country team through 1989.
The men's and women's rowing teams compete in the Mid-Atlantic Rowing Conference (MARC), while the sailing team competes in the Middle Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association (MAISA), a part of the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association (ICSA).
The rowing and sailing teams host regattas on the Chester River and call the college's Truslow Boat House and Lelia Hynson Boating Park home.
It won the 1998 NCAA Division III National Championship and a share of the 1954 USILA Laurie Cox Division National Championship.
The men's lacrosse team has participated in the NCAA Division II or III Tournament 28 times since 1974 and the NCAA Division III Championship game eight times.
The men's and women's lacrosse teams, men's and women's soccer teams, and field hockey teams, compete on Kibler Field at Roy Kirby, Jr. Stadium.
Middle Hall (built 1844) and East and West Halls (built 1854) hold a special place in the history of Washington College, as they are the oldest surviving campus buildings.
It is a very hard and fast game said to keep one's mind high and ever excited, which can make it addictive.
The equipment needed for the game is essentially the same as that of the Bao game (found in Tanzania and neighbouring countries).
Omweso is strictly related to a wide family of mancalas found in eastern and southern Africa; these include Coro in the Lango region of Uganda, Aweet in Sudan, //Hus in Namibia, Kombe in Lamu (Kenya), Mongale in Mombasa (Kenya), Mongola in Congo, Igisoro in Rwanda, and Kiela in Angola.
This equipment is the same used for many variants of Omweso as well as for the Bao game from Zanzibar and Tanzania.
The normal way to win the game is to be the last player to be able to make a legal move, possible by capturing all an opponent's stones or reducing the opponent to no more than one seed in each pit.
Before the game, four (4) seeds are placed in each of the eight pits closest to a player to ensure that both players have exactly 32 seeds.
The player may only sow from one of the sixteen pits in their territory, and the sowing proceeds around this territory, not directly involving the opponent's side.
Although in the past it was common for players to spend much time in thought, in modern tournaments only three seconds of thought is allowed per turn.
If the last sowed seed lands in an occupied pit (without resulting in a capture, see below), then all seeds in that pit, including the one just placed, are immediately sown, before the opponent's turn.
If the last seed sown lands in one of the player's eight inner pits, which is occupied, and furthermore both the opponent's pits in this same column are occupied, then all seeds from these two pits are captured and sown starting from the pit where this capturing lap began (i.e., from the last pit scooped, NOT from the original hole from the very beginning of the turn).
Instead of sowing in a counter-clockwise direction, a player may sow clockwise from any of their four leftmost pits if this results in a capture.
Upon re-entering these reverse-captured seeds, the player may sow them clockwise again, if and only if this play results in a direct capture.
The player may also choose to sow reverse-captured seeds in the usual counter-clockwise manner, and there is no compulsion to play one direction or the other when the choice is available.
During a relay-sowing move, one lap of which ends at one of the four leftmost pits, a player may also change direction and begin sowing the next leg of the move clockwise, if and only if this play results in a direct capture.
In tournament play, a player is allowed up to three minutes to finish his move - if this cannot be done, the game is annulled.
She was one of the country's most visible leaders during the first decade of the 21st century, best known for taking on the role of Minister of Health from April 2003 during the SARS outbreak, shortly after becoming Vice Premier of the State Council, a position she served in between March 2003 and March 2008.
Wu was born in November 1938 to an ordinary intellectual family based in Wuhan, but she traces her ancestry to nearby Huangmei County in Hubei province.
Her parents died while she was young, so she was brought up by her brother, who was eight years her senior.
In August of the same year, she graduated from the Petroleum Refinery department at the Beijing Petroleum Institute, with a degree in petroleum engineering.
She spent much of her career as a petroleum technician, eventually becoming deputy manager at the Beijing Dongfang Hong refinery, and assistant manager and party secretary at the Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Corporation.
Following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, she persuaded coal workers threatening to go on strike to continue working after some of their colleagues had been killed.
From 1991 until 1998, she held successively the posts of Deputy Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation, and member of the 14th and 15th Central Committees of the Communist Party of China.
A protégé of Zhu Rongji, she became a State Councilor in 1998, and was appointed Vice Premier of the State Council in March 2003.
She was the first woman to hold the position since economic reforms began in 1978, and arguably the most powerful woman in Chinese politics since Mao's wife Jiang Qing.
She helped negotiate the PRC's entry into the World Trade Organization and re-organised the customs service after U.S. complaints over the widespread violation of intellectual property rights.
During the SARS crisis, she replaced Zhang Wenkang, who had been fired for his role in the cover-up of the crisis, as health minister.
In early 2007, an ailing Huang Ju, who was serving as senior Vice Premier at the time, could no longer continue fulfilling his duties.
It was reported that Wu Yi would take over work in the financial sector which was formerly the portfolio of Huang.
Also in 2007, the a coordination committee was formed to oversee quality control of consumer goods as well as food safety, and Wu was named its leader.
During the last few months of her tenure she was involved in negotiations with U.S. toy giant Mattel over toy lead content that damaged the reputation of Chinese-made products.
Efferent nerve fibers refer to axonal projections that exit a particular region; as opposed to afferent projections that arrive at the region.
These terms have a slightly different meaning in the context of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).
The efferent fiber is a long process projecting far from the neuron's body that carries nerve impulses away from the central nervous system toward the peripheral effector organs (mainly muscles and glands).
The opposite direction of neural activity is afferent conduction, which carries impulses by way of the afferent nerve fibers of sensory neurons.
The cell body of the motor neuron is connected to a single, long axon and several shorter dendrites projecting out of the cell body itself.
The motor neuron is present in the grey matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, and forms an electrochemical pathway to the effector organ or muscle.
Besides motor nerves, there are efferent sensory nerves that often serve to adjust the sensitivity of the signal relayed by the afferent sensory nerve.
There are three types of efferent fibers: general somatic efferent fibers (GSE), general visceral efferent fibers (GVE) and special visceral efferent fibers (SVE).
Subtypes of general somatic efferent fibers include: alpha motor neurons (α) – these target extrafusal muscle fibers, and gamma motor neurons (γ) that target intrafusal muscle fibers.
Afferent and efferent are connected to affect and effect through their common Latin roots: Afferent nerves affect the subject, whereas efferent nerves allow the subject to effect change.
WBTV's studios are located off Morehead Street, just west of Uptown Charlotte, and its transmitter is located in north-central Gaston County.
In addition, WBTV's studios continue to house the operations of its former sister radio stations now owned by Entercom: WBT-AM/FM and WLNK, as well as WFNZ, which was previously owned by CBS Radio prior to its acquisition by Beasley Broadcast Group in 2014, and then Entercom in late 2017.
On cable, WBTV is carried on Charter Spectrum channel 2 in the immediate Charlotte area (channel 3 in Kannapolis, Concord and on legacy Charter systems), Comporium Communications channel 105 and AT&T U-verse channel 3.
When it debuted, WBTV was the 13th television station in the United States and the first in the Carolinas; it is the oldest television station located between Richmond and Atlanta.
Veteran Charlotte broadcaster Jim Patterson was the first person seen on the station, and remained employed there until his death in 1986.
WBTV was originally owned by the Greensboro-based Jefferson Standard Insurance Company, owners of WBT (1110 AM), the city's oldest radio station and the first fully licensed station in the South.
At the time, the Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company also had a 16.5% interest in the Greensboro News and Record newspaper, licensee of WFMY-TV, Greensboro which signed on the air two months after WBT-TV.
As such, it was Charlotte's only VHF station for eight years, carrying affiliations with all four major networks of the time—BS, NBC, ABC and DuMont.
In 1955, WBT and WBTV moved to a then state-of-the-art facility on a hill atop Morehead Street, where both stations are still based today.
WBTV's only competition in its early years came from a UHF station on channel 36, known as WAYS-TV and then WQMC-TV, which broadcast briefly from 1953 to 1955.
The three remaining networks continued to have some of their programming shoehorned on channel 3 for over a year until Charlotte's second VHF station, WSOC-TV (channel 9), took the NBC affiliation when it signed on in April 1957.
Channel 36 returned to the air in November 1964 as WCCB (later moving to channel 18 in November 1966), carrying certain CBS programs that WBTV turned down in order to carry ABC programs.
Since its completion in 1984, WBTV's signal has been transmitted from a -high guy-wired aerial mast transmitter tower located in north-central Gaston County, North Carolina, which is also shared with former radio sister WLNK.
When WAGA-TV in Atlanta, which signed on the air four months before WBTV, switched to Fox in December 1994, WBTV became the longest-tenured CBS affiliate located south of Washington, D.C. WFMY-TV in Greensboro, the second-oldest station in the Carolinas, is the network's second-longest tenured affiliate south of the capital; it signed on three months after WBTV.
Two years later, after KPIX-TV in San Francisco became a CBS owned-and-operated station (due to owner Westinghouse Electric Corporation's merger with CBS), WBTV became the second longest-tenured affiliate that was not owned by the network, behind only Washington's WUSA.
Jefferson-Pilot sold WBTW in 1968 because WBTW provided a fairly strong grade B signal to the eastern portion of the Charlotte market, and neither station would have been able to expand their signals as long as Jefferson-Pilot owned both of them.
Lincoln Financial retained Jefferson-Pilot's broadcasting division, which was renamed Lincoln Financial Media, with WBTV retaining its status as the flagship station.
On November 12, 2007, Lincoln Financial announced its intention to sell WBTV, sister stations WWBT in Richmond and WCSC-TV in Charleston, South Carolina and Lincoln Financial Sports, to Raycom Media for $583 million.
Lincoln Financial also sold its Charlotte radio stations to Braintree, Massachusetts-based Greater Media, effectively breaking up Charlotte's last co-owned radio/television station combination.
However, WBTV still shares the Julian Price Place studio with its former radio sisters, and they also retain a news partnership.
The FCC approved the sale of WBTV on March 25, 2008, and Raycom formally took control of the station on April 1.
Since Raycom Sports is headquartered in Charlotte, WBTV had a very important role in Raycom Media's operations, and it shared its flagship status with NBC affiliate WSFA, located in the company's homebase of Montgomery, Alabama.
Chesley piped in North Carolina's historic win in the 1957 NCAA tournament to channel 3 and several other television stations in the state.
The partnership was extended to football in 2004; Jefferson-Pilot/Lincoln Financial had been the sole producer of ACC football telecasts since 1984.
In mid-May 2008, the former Jefferson-Pilot/Lincoln Financial stations launched redesigned websites, powered by the Local Media network division of WorldNow (which operates nearly all of the websites of Raycom's stations), assuming web platform operations from Broadcast Interactive Media.
However, WBTV and WWBT retain their Jefferson-Pilot/Lincoln Financial-era logos and branding (WCSC has since changed its logo and graphics, following its switch to high definition newscasts).
On June 25, 2018, Atlanta-based Gray Television announced it had reached an agreement with Raycom to merge their respective broadcasting assets (consisting of Raycom's 63 existing owned-and/or-operated television stations, including WBTV), and Gray's 93 television stations) under Gray's corporate umbrella.
The cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion—in which Gray shareholders would acquire preferred stock currently held by Raycom—resulted in WBTV gaining new in-state sister stations, including NBC affiliate WITN-TV in the Washington-Greenville market, in addition to its current Raycom sister stations.
WBTV's weather radar was previously shown on its third subchannel, but the subchannel itself was removed prior to the digital transition.
On January 1, 2012, WBTV switched the subchannels for This TV and Bounce TV, due to a contractual obligation to carry Bounce TV on the station's second subchannel.
On April 1, 2012, the third subchannel (This TV) was once again removed to make room for WBTV's mobile DTV service, but was brought back on October 8, 2014 with the Grit network.
On January 1, 2020, Circle, a country music and lifestyle channel was launched and added as a fourth subchannel at 3.3, moving Grit to subchannel 3.4.
WBTV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 3, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate.
This was in part due to being the only reliably viewable station in town for nine years, as well as the station's long tradition of strong local news coverage.
WBTV also claims to have been the first station in the world to record and rebroadcast programs on color videotape; to use a live camera and microwave relay inside a race car; and to have a fully computerized news operation.
WBTV was granted the first full-power construction permit for a digital television signal in the United States in 1998, which went on the air that year operating at 1 million watts–equivalent to 5 million watts for an analog transmitter.
However, area viewers could watch those preempted shows on WSPA-TV in Spartanburg or WFMY through a strong antenna (WFMY and WSPA were and still are available on some cable systems in the Charlotte market, although non-local programming is subject to blackout due to network non-duplication and syndication exclusivity rules).
Since the early 1990s, WBTV has generally cleared most of the CBS programming schedule in pattern, with the exception of ACC football and basketball games from Raycom Sports.
Due to North Carolina's status as a college basketball hotbed and local teams North Carolina and Duke being mainstays in the tournament, NCAA tournament games are consistently among the highest-rated programs in the market during playoff season.
In 2008, for instance, NCAA games on WBTV attracted a 13.4 rating and a 24 share, the third-highest in the nation (behind only WLKY-TV in Louisville and WREG-TV in Memphis).
Then-owner Jefferson-Pilot took over coverage of men's basketball from longtime producer C. D. Chesley in 1982 in partnership with Raycom, and became the sole producer of ACC football in 1984.
As CBS had the national rights to both of the Super Bowls that the Panthers participated in, both were hence aired on WBTV locally.
In addition to its legacy as the state's first television station, it also benefited from its ties to WBT, one of the most respected radio news operations in the Southeastern United States.
Mayes said years later that channel 9 offered him a deal that was too lucrative for him to resist, considering that he had kids in college.
Within a few months, WBTV's late-evening newscast lost the lead at 11 p.m. to channel 9, and it would not regain first place in that timeslot until 2004.
WBTV returned to a strong position in the late 1990s, culminating in wrestling the #1 spot at noon in 1998 from WSOC-TV.
During the July 2013 ratings period, WBTV took the lead at noon and 11 p.m., while WSOC led at all other news timeslots.
During the 2016 February sweeps, WBTV surged to first place in all timeslots, including the 6 and 11 p.m. newscasts, for the first time in 26 years.
WBTV credited its strong social media presence and its talent continuity for the ratings win, while WSOC lost much of its main talent in the previous year.
Cameron joined WBTV in 1981 as the station's sports director, and then succeeded longtime anchor Bob Inman upon his retirement in 1996.
In 1994, WBTV entered into a news share agreement to produce a 10:00 p.m. newscast for then-independent station WJZY; the newscast later moved to PBS member station WTVI, before returning to WJZY in 2003 and then to that station's duopoly partner, MyNetworkTV affiliate WMYT-TV in April 2012.
Following Fox's purchase of WJZY and WMYT, the WBTV-produced newscast returned to WJZY when it became the market's Fox owned-and-operated station on July 1, 2013, which continued to air until the station launched its own news department (and hour-long 10:00 p.m. newscast) on January 1, 2014.
It placed third among local newscasts during the July 2013 ratings period, behind the WSOC-produced newscast on WAXN, and WCCB's in-house newscast.
In September 2010, WBTV debuted an hour-long 4 p.m. newscast, which competes with what at the time was a half-hour newscast (which has since expanded to one hour) on WCNC-TV.
On January 22, 2014, WBTV began producing a two-hour extension of its weekday morning newscast, airing from 7:00–9:00 a.m. as well as an hour-long prime time newscast at 8:00 p.m. for WBTV-DT2.
Since 2008, WBTV has partnered with its sister stations in South Carolina—WCSC, WIS in Columbia and WMBF-TV in Myrtle Beach—to cover stories in South Carolina.
It is the second time that WBTV has had a sister station in the Florence/Myrtle Beach market; as mentioned above, Jefferson-Pilot was the founding owner of WBTW from 1954 to 1968.
In recent years, WBTV has been carried on cable in several areas outside of the Charlotte television market, including cable systems within the adjacent Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point and Asheville markets in North Carolina and South Carolina, and the Tri-Cities market in Tennessee and Virginia.
During the 1970s and 1980s, WBTV was once carried on CATV systems in Brevard and Moore County in North Carolina, and in Bennettsville, Hartsville and Greenwood in South Carolina.
In 821, it formed the Armenian principality of Khachen and around the year 1000 was proclaimed the Kingdom of Artsakh, one of the last medieval eastern Armenian kingdoms and principalities to maintain its autonomy following the Turkic invasions of the 11th to 14th centuries.
Much of historical Artsakh presently overlaps with the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, and is controlled by Artsakh Republic, known as Nagorno-Karabakh Republic until early 2017.
According to another hypothesis put forth by David M. Lang, the ancient name of Artsakh possibly derives from the name of King Artaxias I of Armenia (190–159 BC), founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty and the kingdom of Greater Armenia.
The name today is used mostly by Armenians to refer to Nagorno-Karabakh, including areas of land such as Kalbajar that historically had been a part of Artsakh but that the Soviet Union did not permit to be included in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of the Azerbaijan SSR.
It was bordered by the following Armenian principalities: Utik to the east, Gardman to the northeast, and Syunik to the southwest.
The Kingdom of Artsakh (1000–1261) also included Gardman, Sodk and some other parts of Gegharkunik (in particular the southeastern shore of Lake Sevan).
The fortress of Tigranakert, which was first excavated in 2005, is believed to have been founded by King Tigranes the Great of Armenia in the 1st century BC, although conceivably it could also have been founded by King Tigranes I (123–55 BC).
Its northern part also comprised the principality of Koght and it is possible that the princes of Koght were the original owners of Artsakh.
By the 9th century it comprised a number of small political units, including the principalities of Khachen in the center and Dizak in the south.
Anthropological studies show that the current Artsakh (Karabakh) Armenians are the direct physical descendants of the indigenous population of the region.
It may have even been the homeland of the ancient tribes who lived in the region of Arran, although that is not certain.
The proto-Armenians came to Artsakh and adjacent mountainous regions (such as Syunik) somewhat later than the central parts of the Armenian Plateau.
The genealogy of Aran (old spelling: Eran, hence: Eranshahik) is preserved by the historiographer Movses Kaghankatvatsi, who wrote that Aran belonged to the lineage of the ancient patriarchs and kings of Armenia, including Hayk, Aramaneak, Aramayis, Gegham, Aram, Ara the Beautiful, Haykak, Norayr, Hrant, Perch, Skayordi, Paruyr, Hrachea, Ervand (Orontes) Sakavakeats, Tigranes et al.
Aran was appointed by the King Valarsace of Armenia as the hereditary prince (or nahapet) over the plain of Arran until the fortress of Hnarakert.
Aran is also known as the divine eponym and the first governor of the Caucasian Albanians, appointed by Vologases I (Vagharsh I) the Parthian.
In 1965, Soviet archaeologists discovered the bones of a pre-Homo sapiens human dating back possibly to the Middle Acheulean culture in a cave near the village of Azokh in the province of Hadrut.
In general, archaeological remains in Artsakh reflect the competing influences from around 800 BC of the neighboring rival states of Urartu, Assyria, and Mannai.
After the fall of Urartu (6th century BC), most of the region south of the Kura river came under the domination of the Medes followed by the Achaemenian Persians until 331 BC when Alexander the Great invaded the region during his wars with the Achaemenids, upsetting its balance of power.
In 189 BC, when the Kingdom of Armenia was re-established by the Artaxiad dynasty, Artsakh became part of the new Armenian state.
Strabo reports that King Artaxias I of Armenia (189 BC – 159 BC) expanded his state in all directions at the expense of his neighbors .
However it is possible that Artsakh had earlier been part of Orontid Armenia in the 4th–2nd centuries BC rather than under Median rule.
In 301 Armenia was converted to Christianity under the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia (themselves a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia.
The Armenian historian Agathangelos mentioned the princes of Utik and Sawdk (which probably comprised Artsakh) among the sixteen Armenian princes, who escorted Grigor the Illuminator to Caesarea, where he would be enthroned the High Priest of their land.
In 310 St Grigoris, the grandson of Grigor the Illuminator, was ordained bishop of Caucasian Iberia and Caucasian Albania in the monastery of Amaras, being just 15 years old at the time.
After his martyrdom by the Mazkutian king on the field of Vatnean (near Derbent), his disciples conveyed his body back to Artsakh and buried him in Amaras, which had been built by Grigor the Illuminator and Grigoris himself.
After enduring 34 years of warfare, the Armenian nobility of Artsakh and most of other provinces of Armenia revolted, refusing to support the Armenian king Arsaces II (Arshak II) anymore out of war-weariness.
Following the defeat by the Sassanid and Caucasian Albanian armies, the Armenian strategist (sparapet) Mushegh Mamikonian severely punished the rebelling Armenian provinces, Artsakh included, and subjected them back under the rule of King Arsaces II after he started and won a war gainst the Sassanids together with Roman assistance.
Then in 372 he attacked the Caucasian Albanians and took back from them the neighboring province of Utik, in the process re-establishing the river Kura as the boundary between Armenia and Caucasian Albania.
However, war between the Persian and Roman archrivals continued, and in 387 AD, according to the peace treaty between the two powers, the Armenian kingdom was partitioned between them.
Caucasian Albania, as an ally of the Sassanids at the time, gained all the right bank of the river Kura up to the Araxes, including Artsakh and Utik.
Following the inconclusive Battle of Avarayr (451), in which a united Christian army consisting of Armenians, Georgians, and Caucasian Albanians clashed with the Sassanid army, many of the Armenian nobles retreated to impassable mountains and forests in several provinces, including Artsakh, which became a center for resistance against Sassanid Iran.
In the early 9th century two Armenian princes, Sahl Smbatian and Esayi Abu-Muse, revolted against Arab rule and established two independent principalities in Artsakh: Khachen and Dizak.
The ruins of Ktich (now Gtich) castle and the church are situated in the province of Hadrut in the modern Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
The House of Khachen continued to rule Artsakh intermittently as vassals until the early 19th century, through the subsequent full domination by the Kara Koyunlu, Ak Koyunlu, Iranian Safavids, Zands, Afsharids, and Qajars, until it was ceded to Imperial Russia following the outcome of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) and the following Treaty of Gulistan.
CIVI's studios are located at the corner of Pandora Avenue and Broad Street across from Victoria City Hall in Downtown Victoria, and its transmitter near Rockland.
Both companies looked to expand their national presence, and both submitted a bid when the CRTC issued a call for applications for a new television station licence in Victoria; CHUM was awarded the licence in 2000.
CIVI first signed on the air on October 4, 2001 as CHUM's first original station to be part of the NewNet television system.
The station's news anchors walked around the studio instead of sitting behind a desk, mimicking the format used at Toronto sister station CITY-TV and other NewNet outlets.
However, the station struggled to compete against CH owned-and-operated station CHEK-TV (channel 6, now an independent station), a station which had essentially held a monopoly over the television industry on Vancouver Island for more than four decades.
The station received a boost in 2004, when longtime CHEK-TV anchor Hudson Mack joined the station as its new chief anchor and news director.
Changes were introduced to the station's newscasts such as the introduction of a desk for the anchors; these changes appeared to have been effective – although it still ranks behind CHEK-TV, the ratings gap between the two has been narrowed.
In 2006, it received three Edward R. Murrow Awards from the Radio-Television News Directors Association International, for Best Newscast, Best Investigative Reporting and Best Sports Reporting.
In 2005, the station won eight industry awards, including two Edward R. Murrow Awards from RTNDA International, for Best Newscast and Best Investigative Reporting; and top news honours from the British Columbia Association of Broadcasters.
The station would likely have been part of the original A-Channel system at its launch had Craig Media won the licence in 2000.
Rogers Communications announced a deal to buy A-Channel on April 9, 2007; however, given the conditions of approval for the sale of CHUM on June 8, 2007, Rogers acquired the Citytv system instead, while CTV kept A-Channel.
CIVI presently broadcasts 13½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 2½ hours on weekdays and a half-hour on Saturdays and Sundays); unlike most CTV Two owned-and-operated stations, the station does not carry an 11:30 p.m. newscast on weekend evenings (instead airing its late evening newscast at 11:00 p.m.), though it does carry a half-hour 6:00 p.m. newscast on Saturday and Sunday evenings.
CIVI shut down its analogue signal, over UHF channel 53, on August 31, 2011, the official date in which Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts.
Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display CIVI-DT's virtual channel as its analogue-era UHF channel 53, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition.
Baudilio José Díaz Seijas (March 23, 1953 – November 23, 1990) was a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Indians, Philadelphia Phillies, and Cincinnati Reds from to .
At the age of 14, he played on a national champion Little League team that missed a trip to the 1967 Little League World Series, when a strong earthquake devastated the city of Caracas.
While playing for the Pawtucket Red Sox in , he posted a .263 batting average, with 14 doubles, 7 home runs, and 54 runs batted in (RBI).
Díaz appeared in only two games for the Red Sox, being struck out by Dennis Martínez in his only at-bat, which occurred that September 17.
On March 30, 1978, Díaz was traded along with Ted Cox, Mike Paxton and Rick Wise to the Cleveland Indians for Dennis Eckersley and Fred Kendall.
He lost his job to Ron Hassey the following season, and played most of the year in the minor leagues with the Tacoma Tugs in the Pacific Coast League, before returning to play for the Indians in September 1979.
In 1980, he hit for a .227 average in 76 games but, provided solid defense, committing only 4 errors in 356 total chances, while serving as backup catcher behind Hassey.
After Hassey was injured early in the strike-shortened 1981 season, Cleveland manager Dave Garcia began using Díaz in a platoon role alongside the left-hand hitting Hassey.
By June, he was hitting for a .356 batting average with 4 home runs and 25 runs batted in to earn a place as a reserve player for the American League team in the 1981 All-Star Game.
Although Díaz led National League catchers in stolen bases allowed, his pitch-calling skills helped pitcher Steve Carlton become the league's only twenty-game winner of the season.
In a 1982 computer ranking of major league players that used offensive and defensive statistics, Díaz was ranked second among National League catchers behind only Gary Carter.
In a game against the New York Mets on April 13, 1983, Díaz performed a feat that has only been accomplished by 11 other players in the history of Major League Baseball.
The Phillies were trailing by a score of 9 to 6 and with two outs in the ninth inning, when Díaz hit a grand slam home run off Neil Allen to win the game for the Phillies by a score of 10 to 9.
With the Phillies leading the game by a score of 3 to 2 in the fifth inning, Díaz sealed the victory with a two-run single.
The Phillies won 12 out of the final 14 games of the season to win the National League Eastern Division title.
Díaz contributed by hitting .360 in the final week of the season, including a game on September 28 against the Chicago Cubs in which he had 5 hits in 5 at-bats including 2 home runs.
Although he led National League catchers in errors, he led the league in range factor and finished second in putouts, assists and in baserunners caught stealing.
After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1983 National League Championship Series, the Phillies lost the 1983 World Series against the Baltimore Orioles in five games.
In the only World Series appearance of his career, Díaz was the leading hitter for the Phillies with a .333 batting average.
During Game One of the Series (the only game of the Series that the Phillies won, by a 2-1 score), Díaz almost hit a home-run, but he was robbed of it by John Lowenstein with a spectacular, beyond the wall catch.
Díaz broke his right wrist at the beginning of the 1985 season and was on the disabled list for a month and a half.
During his absence, his replacement, Ozzie Virgil hit above the .300 mark, relegating Díaz to the backup catcher's role upon his return.
He had been hitting for a .211 average at the time of the trade but, hit .261 in 51 games for the Reds, ending the 1985 season with a .245 average overall along with 5 home runs and 31 runs batted in.
Díaz remained healthy in 1986, appearing in 134 games and posted a .272 average with 10 home runs and 56 runs batted in.
Although he committed 13 errors, he finished fourth among catchers in assists with 80 and, fourth in baserunners caught stealing with 55.
On June 27, , Díaz was part of an unusual occurrence when San Francisco Giants second baseman, Robby Thompson, became the first player in major league history to be caught stealing four times in one game.
Thompson was thrown out at second base by Díaz in the 4th, 6th and 9th innings and was picked off by pitcher John Franco in the 11th inning.
In 1987, Díaz was hitting for a .292 average at mid-season, earning his second All-Star selection as a reserve player, this time for the National League team in the 1987 All-Star Game.
He was named Player of the Month for the month of July during which he produced a .351 batting average with 5 home runs and 23 runs batted in, including a game on July 7 when he had 6 runs batted in.
His heavy workload continued as he played in 140 games, ending the season with a respectable .270 average with 15 home runs and 82 runs batted in.
Díaz also led National League catchers in baserunners caught stealing and finished third in fielding percentage, committing only 7 errors in 137 games played as a catcher.
Díaz was the Reds catcher on June 6, 1988, when pitcher Tom Browning almost threw a no-hitter against the San Diego Padres.
Browning held the Padres hitless through eight innings before Tony Gwynn hit a single with one out in the ninth inning (however, Browning would go on to throw a perfect game two months later on September 16 against the Dodgers).
In mid-June, a shoulder injury put him on the disabled list and then in September, Díaz had to undergo arthroscopic surgery on his left knee, which ended his season.
He shared catching duties with Jeff Reed in 1989 but, in July Díaz had to undergo arthroscopic surgery on his left knee for a second time, which ended his season.
In a 13-year major league career, Díaz played in 993 games, accumulating 834 hits in 3,274 at bats for a .255 career batting average along with 87 home runs, 452 runs batted in and a .297 on-base percentage.
Díaz played exclusively for the Leones del Caracas team in the Venezuelan Winter League (–), forming a fiery offensive combo along with slugger Tony Armas.
During his time in the league, Díaz batted .281, with 265 runs scored, 290 runs batted in, 79 doubles, 7 triples, and 57 home runs, in 537 games played.
In , he set a Venezuelan League single-season record for home runs with 20, a record that was broken by Alex Cabrera, who hit 21 in 2013-2014 season.
On January 6, 1973, he caught for minor league pitcher Urbano Lugo, who threw a no-hitter as the Leones del Caracas defeated the Tiburones de La Guaira, 6–0.
Thirteen years later, on January 24, 1986, Díaz was the catcher for another no-hitter in a 4–0 Caracas' victory over La Guaira.
On November 23, , Díaz was killed when a satellite dish he was adjusting on the roof of his Caracas home fell on him and crushed his neck and head.
The Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States that spanned the 1890s to the 1920s.
They also sought regulation of monopolies (trustbusting) and corporations through antitrust laws, which were seen as a way to promote equal competition for the advantage of legitimate competitors.
They also advocated for new government roles and regulations, and new agencies to carry out those roles, such as the FDA.
Many progressives supported prohibition of alcoholic beverages, ostensibly to destroy the political power of local bosses based in saloons, but others out of a religious motivation.
In academic fields, the day of the amateur author gave way to the research professor who published in the new scholarly journals and presses.
The national political leaders included Republicans Theodore Roosevelt, Robert M. La Follette Sr. and Charles Evans Hughes, and Democrats William Jennings Bryan, Woodrow Wilson and Al Smith.
Leaders of the movement also existed far from presidential politics: Jane Addams, Grace Abbott, Edith Abbott and Sophonisba Breckinridge were among the most influential non-governmental Progressive Era reformers.
Some Progressives strongly supported scientific methods as applied to economics, government, industry, finance, medicine, schooling, theology, education, and even the family.
They closely followed advances underway at the time in Western Europe and adopted numerous policies, such as a major transformation of the banking system by creating the Federal Reserve System in 1913 and the arrival of cooperative banking in the US with the founding of the first credit union in 1908.
Certain key groups of thinkers, writers, and activists played key roles in creating or building the movements and ideas that came to define the shape of the Progressive Era.
In the beginning of the age of Mass media, the rapid expansion of national advertising led the cover price of popular magazines to fall sharply to about 10 cents, lessening the financial barrier to consume them.
Most of the muckrakers wrote nonfiction, but fictional exposés often had a major impact as well, such as those by Upton Sinclair.
The journalists who specialized in exposing waste, corruption, and scandal operated at the state and local level, like Ray Stannard Baker, George Creel, and Brand Whitlock.
Others such as Lincoln Steffens exposed political corruption in many large cities; Ida Tarbell is famed for her criticisms of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.
They looked to education as the key to bridging the gap between their present wasteful society and technologically enlightened future society.
Characteristics of Progressivism included a favorable attitude toward urban-industrial society, belief in mankind's ability to improve the environment and conditions of life, belief in an obligation to intervene in economic and social affairs, a belief in the ability of experts and in the efficiency of government intervention.
Scientific management, as promulgated by Frederick Winslow Taylor, became a watchword for industrial efficiency and elimination of waste, with the stopwatch as its symbol.
The number of rich families climbed exponentially, from 100 or so millionaires in the 1870s, to 4000 in 1892 and 16,000 in 1916.
In the early 20th century, American philanthropy matured, with the development of very large, highly visible private foundations created by Rockefeller, and Carnegie.
A hallmark group of the Progressive Era, the middle class became the driving force behind much of the thought and reform that took place in this time.
With an increasing disdain for the upper class and aristocracy of the time, the middle class is characterized by their rejection of the individualistic philosophy of the Upper ten.
They had a rapidly growing interest in the communication and role between classes, those of which are generally referred to as the upper class, working class, farmers, and themselves.
Disturbed by the waste, inefficiency, stubbornness, corruption, and injustices of the Gilded Age, the Progressives were committed to changing and reforming every aspect of the state, society and economy.
Significant changes enacted at the national levels included the imposition of an income tax with the Sixteenth Amendment, direct election of Senators with the Seventeenth Amendment, Prohibition with the Eighteenth Amendment, election reforms to stop corruption and fraud, and women's suffrage through the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
They made it a point to also focus on family, education, and many other important aspects that still are enforced today.
The most important political leaders during this time were Theodore Roosevelt, Robert M. La Follette Sr., Charles Evans Hughes, and Herbert Hoover.
This was done through the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914, and the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914.
Progressives believed that the family was the foundation stone of American society, and the government, especially municipal government, must work to enhance the family.
Inspired by crusading Judge Ben Lindsey of Denver, cities established juvenile courts to deal with disruptive teenagers without sending them to adult prisons.
With the introduction of new methods of heating and lighting the home allowed for use of space once used for storage to become living spaces.
At the state and national levels new food and drug laws strengthened urban efforts to guarantee the safety of the food system.
The 1906 federal Pure Food and Drug Act, which was pushed by drug companies and providers of medical services, removed from the market patent medicines that had never been scientifically tested.
Progressives advocated for censorship of motion pictures as it was believed that patrons (especially children) viewing movies in dark, unclean, potentially unsafe theaters, might be negatively influenced in witnessing actors portraying crimes, violence, and sexually suggestive situations.
Progressives across the country influenced municipal governments of large urban cities, to build numerous parks where it was believed that leisure time for children and families could be spent in a healthy, wholesome environment, thereby fostering good morals and citizenship.
Labor unions, especially the American Federation of Labor (AFL), grew rapidly in the early 20th century, and had a Progressive agenda as well.
After experimenting in the early 20th century with cooperation with business in the National Civic Federation, the AFL turned after 1906 to a working political alliance with the Democratic party.
By the turn of the century, more and more small businesses were getting fed up with the way that they were treated compared to the bigger businesses.
Now that all of these new regulations and standards were being enacted, the big business would now have to stoop to everyone's level, including the small businesses.
United States President William Howard Taft signed the March 4, 1913, bill (the last day of his presidency), establishing the Department of Labor as a Cabinet-level department, replacing the previous Department of Commerce and Labor.
In October 1919, Secretary Wilson chaired the first meeting of the International Labour Organization even though the U.S. was not yet a member.
In September 1916, the Federal Employees' Compensation Act introduced benefits to workers who are injured or contract illnesses in the workplace.
The act established an agency responsible for federal workers’ compensation, which was transferred to the Labor Department in the 1940s and has become known as the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs.
Using the language of municipal housekeeping women were able to push such reforms as prohibition, women's suffrage, child-saving, and public health.
As part of this tradition of maternal activism, the Progressive-era General Federation supported a range of causes from the pure food and drug administration to public health care for mothers and children, to a ban on child labor, each of which looked to the state to help implement their vision of social justice.Women during the Progressive Era were often unhappy and faked enjoyment in their married heterosexual relationships.
Middle class women known for calling out change, specifically in cities like New York City, questioned the rethinking of marriage and sexuality.
Dating in relationships became a new way of courting during the Progressive Era and moved the United States into a more romantic way of viewing marriage and relationships.
The divide between aggressive passionate love associated usually with men and a women's more spiritual romantic love became apparent in the middle-class as women were judged on how they should be respected based on how they expressed these feelings.
The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was an American women's rights organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA).
The NAWSA set up hundreds of smaller local and state groups, with the goal of passing woman suffrage legislation at the state and local level.
The NAWSA was the largest and most important suffrage organization in the United States, and was the primary promoter of women's right to vote.
Like AWSA and NWSA before it, the NAWSA pushed for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women's voting rights, and was instrumental in winning the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920.
A breakaway group, the National Woman's Party, tightly controlled by Alice Paul, used civil disobedience to gain publicity and force passage of suffrage.
Paul's members chained themselves to the White House fence in order to get arrested, then went on hunger strikes to gain publicity.
While the British suffragettes stopped their protests in 1914 and supported the British war effort, Paul began her campaign in 1917 and was widely criticized for ignoring the war and attracting radical anti-war elements.
Typical projects involved upgrading schools, modernizing church operations, expanding business opportunities, fighting for a larger share of state budgets, and engaging in legal action to secure equal rights.
George Washington Carver (1860–1943) was a leader in promoting environmentalism, and was well known for his research projects, particularly those involving agriculture.
While white Progressives in principle believed in improving conditions for minority groups, there were wide differences in how this was to be achieved.
The Progressive ideology espoused by many of the era attempted to correct societal problems created by racial integration following the Civil War by segregating the races and allowing each group to achieve its own potential.
That is to say that most Progressives saw racial integration as a problem to be solved, rather than a goal to be achieved.
As white progressives sought to help the white working-class, clean-up politics, and improve the cities, the country instated the system of racial segregation known as Jim Crow.
Legal historian Herbert Hovenkamp argues that while many early progressives inherited the racism of Jim Crow, as they begin to innovate their own ideas, they would embrace behaviorism, cultural relativism and marginalism which stress environmental influences on humans rather than biological inheritance.
The institution of the initiative and referendums made it possible to pass laws without the involvement of the legislature, while the recall allowed for the removal of corrupt or under-performing officials, and the direct primary let people democratically nominate candidates, avoiding the professionally dominated conventions.
Thanks to the efforts of Oregon State Representative William S. U'Ren and his Direct Legislation League, voters in Oregon overwhelmingly approved a ballot measure in 1902 that created the initiative and referendum processes for citizens to directly introduce or approve proposed laws or amendments to the state constitution, making Oregon the first state to adopt such a system.
U'Ren also helped in the passage of an amendment in 1908 that gave voters power to recall elected officials, and would go on to establish, at the state level, popular election of U.S.
These Progressive reforms were soon replicated in other states, including Idaho, Washington, and Wisconsin, and today roughly half of U.S. states have initiative, referendum and recall provisions in their state constitutions.
The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified in 1913, requiring that all senators be elected by the people (they were formerly appointed by state legislatures).
The main motivation was to reduce the power of political bosses, who controlled the Senate seats by virtue of their control of state legislatures.
A coalition of middle-class reform-oriented voters, academic experts, and reformers hostile to the political machines started forming in the 1890s and introduced a series of reforms in urban America, designed to reduce waste, inefficiency and corruption, by introducing scientific methods, compulsory education and administrative innovations.
Progressive mayors took the lead in many key cities, such as Cleveland, Ohio (especially Mayor Tom Johnson); Toledo, Ohio; Jersey City, New Jersey; Los Angeles; Memphis, Tennessee; Louisville, Kentucky; and many other cities, especially in the western states.
In Wisconsin, the stronghold of Robert La Follette Sr., the Wisconsin Idea used the state university as a major source of ideas and expertise.
Special efforts were made to reach the rural South and remote areas, such as the mountains of Appalachia and the Ozarks.
With the coming of the automobile after 1910, urgent efforts were made to upgrade and modernize dirt roads designed for horse-drawn wagon traffic.
Congress appropriated $75 million over a five-year period, with the Secretary of Agriculture in charge through the Bureau of Public Roads, in cooperation with the state highway departments.
There were 2.4 million miles of rural dirt rural roads in 1914; 100,000 miles had been improved with grading and gravel, and 3000 miles were given high quality surfacing.
There they would be taught by full-time professional teachers who had graduated from the states' teachers colleges, were certified, and were monitored by the county superintendents.
Farmers complained at the expense, and also at the loss of control over local affairs, but in state after state the consolidation process went forward.
County fairs not only gave prizes for the most productive agricultural practices, they also demonstrated those practices to an attentive rural audience.
The movement's attempts at introducing urban reforms to rural America often met resistance from traditionalists who saw the country-lifers as aggressive modernizers who were condescending and out of touch with rural life.
Rural residents also disagreed with the notion that farms needed to improve their efficiency, as they saw this goal as serving urban interests more than rural ones.
Most important, the traditionalists did not want to become modern, and did not want their children inculcated with alien modern values through comprehensive schools that were remote from local control.
The most successful reforms came from the farmers who pursued agricultural extension, as their proposed changes were consistent with existing modernizing trends toward more efficiency and more profit in agriculture.
The Progressives fixed some of their reforms into law by adding amendments 16, 17, 18, and 19 to the US Constitution.
The 16th amendment made an income tax legal (this required an amendment due to Article One, Section 9 of the Constitution, which required that direct taxes be laid on the States in proportion to their population as determined by the decennial census).
The most radical and controversial amendment came during the anti-German craze of World War I that helped the Progressives and others push through their plan for prohibition through the 18th amendment (once the Progressives fell out of power the 21st amendment repealed the 18th in 1933).
Another significant constitutional change that began during the progressive era was the incorporation of the Bill of Rights so that those rights would apply to the states.
In 1920, Benjamin Gitlow was convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court, where the justices decided that the First Amendment applied to the states as well as the federal government.
However, Campbell (2005) stresses the weak points of the economy in 1907–1914, linking them to public demands for more Progressive interventions.
The Panic of 1907 was followed by a small decline in real wages and increased unemployment, with both trends continuing until World War I. Campbell emphasizes the resulting stress on public finance and the impact on the Wilson administration's policies.
The weakened economy and persistent federal deficits led to changes in fiscal policy, including the imposition of federal income taxes on businesses and individuals and the creation of the Federal Reserve System.
In the Gilded Age (late 19th century) the parties were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector, except in the area of railroads and tariffs.
In general, they accepted the concept of laissez-faire, a doctrine opposing government interference in the economy except to maintain law and order.
This attitude started to change during the depression of the 1890s when small business, farm, and labor movements began asking the government to intercede on their behalf.
By the start of the 20th century, a middle class had developed that was leery of both the business elite and the radical political movements of farmers and laborers in the Midwest and West.
Congress enacted a law regulating railroads in 1887 (the Interstate Commerce Act), and one preventing large firms from controlling a single industry in 1890 (the Sherman Antitrust Act).
These laws were not rigorously enforced, however, until the years between 1900 and 1920, when Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909), Democratic President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921), and others sympathetic to the views of the Progressives came to power.
Many of today's U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission.
Attacks by Tarbell and others helped pave the way for public acceptance of the breakup of the company by the Supreme Court in 1911.
When Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected President with a Democratic Congress in 1912 he implemented a series of Progressive policies in economics.
The Democrats lowered tariffs with the Underwood Tariff in 1913, though its effects were overwhelmed by the changes in trade caused by the World War that broke out in 1914.
Wilson proved especially effective in mobilizing public opinion behind tariff changes by denouncing corporate lobbyists, addressing Congress in person in highly dramatic fashion, and staging an elaborate ceremony when he signed the bill into law.
He managed to convince lawmakers on the issues of money and banking by the creation in 1913 of the Federal Reserve System, a complex business-government partnership that to this day dominates the financial world.
In 1913, Henry Ford dramatically increased the efficiency of his factories by large-scale use of the moving assembly line, with each worker doing one simple task in the production of automobiles.
Emphasizing efficiency, Ford more than doubled wages (and cut hours from 9 a day to 8), attracting the best workers and sharply reducing labor turnover and absenteeism.
His employees could and did buy his cars, and by cutting prices over and over he made the Model T cheap enough for millions of people to buy in the U.S. and in every major country.
A study was conducted by Robert and Helen Lynd on American society as the need and want for cars was increasing and were made affordable to Americans.
These immigrants were able to find work in the steel mills, slaughterhouses, fishing industry, and construction crews of the emergent mill towns and industrial cities mostly in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast.
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 halted most transcontinental immigration, only after 1919 did the flow of immigrants resume.
In combination with the racist attitudes of the time, there was a fear that large numbers of unskilled, low-paid workers would defeat the union's efforts to raise wages through collective bargaining.
In addition, rural Protestants distrusted the urban Catholics and Jews who comprised most of the Southern and Eastern European immigrants, and on those grounds opposed immigration.
On the other hand, the rapid growth of the industry called for a greater and expanding labor pool that could not be met by natural birth rates.
By the early 1920s, a consensus had been reached that the total influx of immigration had to be restricted, and a series of laws in the 1920s accomplished that purpose.
During World War I, the Progressives strongly promoted Americanization programs, designed to modernize the recent immigrants and turn them into model American citizens, while diminishing loyalties to the old country.
The businessmen believed that economic rivalries were cause of war, and that extensive trade led to an interdependent world that would make war a very expensive and useless anachronism.
They were dueling for control of the Republican Party and Roosevelt encouraged the Senate to impose amendments that significantly weakened the treaties.
At a deeper level, Roosevelt truly believed that arbitration was a naïve solution and the great issues had to be decided by warfare.
Similar ideas and language had already been used previously in the Monroe Doctrine, wherein Roosevelt claimed that the United States could serve as the police of the world, using its power to end unrest and wrongdoing on the western hemisphere.
In 1913, while revolutionaries took control of the government, Wilson judged them to be immoral, and refused to acknowledge the in-place government on that reason alone.
The Philippines were acquired by the United States in 1899, after victory over Spanish forces at the Battle of Manila Bay and a long series of controversial political debates between the senate and President McKinley and was considered the largest colonial acquisition by the United States at this time.
While anti-imperialist sentiments had been prevalent in the United States during this time, the acquisition of the Philippines sparked the relatively minor population into action.
In 1903 the American reformers in the Philippines passed two major land acts designed to turn landless peasants into owners of their farms.
Drastic changes in land ownership posed a major challenge to local elites, who would not accept it, nor would their peasant clients.
The American reformers blamed peasant resistance to landownership for the law's failure and argued that large plantations and sharecropping was the Philippines' best path to development.
They specialized on such urgent needs as infant care and maternal and child health, the distribution of pure milk and teaching new mothers about children's health.
Although the Progressive Era was characterized by public support for World War I under Woodrow Wilson, there was also a substantial opposition to World War II.
Some Progressives sponsored eugenics as a solution to excessively large or underperforming families, hoping that birth control would enable parents to focus their resources on fewer, better children.
Progressive leaders like Herbert Croly and Walter Lippmann indicated their classically liberal concern over the danger posed to the individual by the practice of eugenics.
Throughout the Progressive Era, it remained one of the prominent causes associated with Progressivism at the local, state and national level, though support across the full breadth of Progressives was mixed.
It pitted the minority urban Catholic population against the larger rural Protestant element, and Progressivism's rise in the rural communities was aided in part by the general increase in public consciousness of social issues of the temperance movement, which achieved national success with the passage of the 18th Amendment by Congress in late 1917, and the ratification by three-fourths of the states in 1919.
Timberlake (1963) argues the dries sought to break the liquor trust, weaken the saloon base of big-city machines, enhance industrial efficiency, and reduce the level of wife beating, child abuse, and poverty caused by alcoholism.
Rather than condemn all drinking, the group focused attention on the saloon which was considered the ultimate symbol of public vice.
In 1907, Georgia and Alabama were the first states to go dry followed by Oklahoma, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee in the following years.
By 1917, two thirds of the states had some form of prohibition laws and roughly three quarters of the population lived in dry areas.
They preferred a constitutional amendment over a federal statute because although harder to achieve, they felt it would be harder to change.
In August 1917, the Lever Food and Fuel Control Act banned production of distilled spirits for the duration of the war.
The War Prohibition Act, November, 1918, forbade the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages (more than 2.75% alcohol content) until the end of demobilization.
The drys worked energetically to secure two-third majority of both houses of Congress and the support of three quarters of the states needed for an amendment to the federal constitution.
The Volstead Act, 1919, defined intoxicating as having alcohol content greater than 0.5% and established the procedures for federal enforcement of the Act.
Consumer demand, however, led to a variety of illegal sources for alcohol, especially illegal distilleries and smuggling from Canada and other countries.
It is difficult to determine the level of compliance, and although the media at the time portrayed the law as highly ineffective, even if it did not eradicate the use of alcohol, it certainly decreased alcohol consumption during the period.
The Eighteenth Amendment was repealed in 1933, with the passage of the Twenty-First Amendment, thanks to a well-organized repeal campaign led by Catholics (who stressed personal liberty) and businessmen (who stressed the lost tax revenue).
There was a huge demand for alcohol, but most business owners were unwilling to risk getting involved in the transportation of alcohol.
Organized Crime was able to be successful due to their willingness to use intimidation and violence to carry out their illicit enterprises.
The reform of schools and other educational institutions was one of the prime concerns of the middle class during this time period.
The face of the Progressive Education Movement in America was John Dewey, a professor at the University of Chicago (1896–1904) who advocated for schools to incorporate everyday skills instead of only teaching academic content.
By 1930, 12.4% of 18 to 21-year-olds were attending college, whereas in 1890 only about 3% of this demographic had an interest in higher learning.
A new field of study, the art and science of homemaking, emerged in the Progressive Era in an effort to feminize women's education in the United States.
Home economics emerged at the end of the nineteenth century in response to the many changes occurring both at the level of material culture and practices and in the more abstract realm of gender ideology and thinking about the home.
As the industrial revolution took hold of the American economy and as mass production, alienation, and urbanization appeared to be unstoppable trends, Americans looked for solutions that could soften the effects of change without slowing down the engines of progress.
Advocates of home economics argued that homemaking, as a profession, required education and training for the development of an efficient and systematic domestic practice.
The curriculum aimed to cover a variety of topics, including teaching standardized way of gardening, child-rearing, cooking, cleaning, performing household maintenance, and doctoring.
Such scientific management applied to the domestic sphere was presented as a solution to the dilemma middle class women faced in terms of searching for meaning and fulfillment in their role of housekeeping.
The feminist perspective, by pushing for this type of education, intended to explain that women had separate but equally important responsibilities in life with men that required proper training.
It established national standards for law schools, which led to the replacement of the old system of young men studying law privately with established lawyers by the new system of accredited law schools associated with universities.
Progressive scholars, based at the emerging research universities such as Harvard, Columbia, Johns Hopkins, Chicago, Michigan, Wisconsin and California, worked to modernize their disciplines.
The heyday of the amateur expert gave way to the research professor who published in the new scholarly journals and presses.
In the 1940s typically historians saw the Progressive Era as a prelude to the New Deal and dated it from 1901 (when Roosevelt became president) to the start of World War I in 1914 or 1917.
Some historians who emphasize civil liberties decry their suppression during World War I and do not consider the war as rooted in Progressive policy.
The slogan was no longer accurate by April 6 of the following year, when Wilson surprised much of the Progressive base that twice elected him and asked a joint session of Congress to declare war on Germany.
The politics of the 1920s was unfriendly toward the labor unions and liberal crusaders against business, so many if not most historians who emphasize those themes write off the decade.
Urban cosmopolitan scholars recoiled at the moralism of prohibition, the intolerance of the nativists and the KKK, and on those grounds denounced the era.
This however ignores the violence and racism central to Klan ideology and activities, that had nothing to do with improving society, so much as enforcing racial hierarchies.
While some Progressive leaders became reactionaries, that usually happened in the 1930s, not in the 1920s, as exemplified by William Randolph Hearst, Herbert Hoover, Al Smith and Henry Ford.
Following the period rapid social change saw a worker's uprising turn to a full scale revolution in Russia in 1917 taken over by Bolsheviks along anarchist bombings of 1919 by foreigners encroached a large fear over many citizens of a possible Bolshevism revolt to overthrow values which the United States holds up to mainly capitalism.
The US government was also affected both legally and internally as of January 1920 saw 6,000 arrests of persecutions along changes in government policies where the government in acted censorship in the media and suppressing opinion on the matter going as far to use physical assaults or legal arrests having certain civil liberties stripped.
Tindall stresses the continuing importance of the Progressive movement in the South in the 1920s involving increased democracy, efficient government, corporate regulation, social justice, and governmental public service.
Women consolidated their gains after the success of the suffrage movement, and moved into causes such as world peace, good government, maternal care (the Sheppard–Towner Act of 1921), and local support for education and public health.
International influences that sparked many reform ideas likewise continued into the 1920s, as American ideas of modernity began to influence Europe.
By 1930 a block of progressive Republicans in the Senate who were urging Hoover to take more vigorous action to fight the depression.
There were about a dozen members of this group, including William Borah of Idaho, George W. Norris of Nebraska, Robert M. La Follette Jr., of Wisconsin, Gerald Nye of North Dakota, Hiram Johnson of California and Bronson M. Cutting of New Mexico.
While these western Republicans could stir up issues, they could rarely forge a majority, since they were too individualistic and did not form a unified caucus.
Outside the Senate, however, a strong majority of the surviving Progressives from the 1910s had become conservative opponents of New Deal economic planning.
The blocks have individual names such as, Ruhuna National Park (Block 1), and Kumana National Park or 'Yala East' for the adjoining area.
Yala was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1900, and, along with Wilpattu was one of the first two national parks in Sri Lanka, having been designated in 1938.
The number of mammals that has been recorded from the park is 44, and it has one of the highest leopard densities in the world.
On 1 March 1938, Yala became a national park when the Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance was passed into law by D. S. Senanayake, the minister of agriculture.
The Yala area is mostly composed of metamorphic rock belonging to the Precambrian era and classified into two series, Vijayan series and Highland series.
Topographically the area is a flat and mildly undulating plain that runs to the coast with elevation is close to the coast while rising in the interior to .
It is windier in Yala, during the southwest monsoon compared to the wind during the northeast monsoon with wind speeds from to .
Waterholes occur in low lying places while rock pools of varying size are capable of containing water year-round, and are hence an important source of water for elephants.
Kumbukkan Oya in the east and Menik River and its tributaries in the west flow across the park, and provide an important water source in the dry season to wild animals of the park.
There are several routes to get to Yala from Colombo, while the route via Ratnapura and Tissamaharama is the shortest with .
Yala lay in the direct path of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which impacted Sri Lanka 90 minutes after its generation.
Yala National Park has a variety of ecosystems including moist monsoon forests, dry monsoon forests, semi deciduous forests, thorn forests, grasslands, marshes, marine wetlands, and sandy beaches.
They are Sri Lanka grey hornbill, Sri Lanka junglefowl, Sri Lanka wood pigeon, crimson-fronted barbet, black-capped bulbul, blue-tailed bee-eater and brown-capped babbler.
Other waterbirds attracted to the Yala lagoons include lesser flamingo, pelicans, and rare species such as purple heron, night herons, egrets, purple swamphen, and Oriental darter.
Including Sri Lankan elephant, 44 species of mammals are resident in Yala National Park, and it has one of the highest leopard densities in the world.
Although water buffaloes are indigenous to Sri Lanka, most populations contain genes of the domestic stock or have descended from feral populations.
Toque macaque, golden palm civet, red slender loris, and fishing cat are among the other mammals that can be seen in Yala.
Sri Lankan krait, Boulenger's keelback, Sri Lankan flying snake, painted-lip lizard, Wiegmann's agama, and Bahir's fan-throated lizard are the endemic species.
The coastal line of the park is visited by the all five globally endangered sea turtles (leatherback turtle, olive ridley, loggerhead sea turtle, hawksbill turtle, and green turtle) that visit Sri Lanka.
King Ravana, the mythical Hindu anti-hero is believed to have established his kingdom here with Ravana Kotte, now submerged in the sea, as its boundary.
A large number of ancient although disrepaired tanks are the evidence of a rich hydraulic and agricultural civilisation dating back to 5th century BC.
Situlpahuwa, which was the home for 12,000 arahants, is situated within the park area along with Magul Vihara, which built in 87 BC and Akasa Chaitiya, which constructed in 2nd century BC.
Gems are mined along the Menik River and holes created by gem mining, which extend up to , can be seen along the Kumbukkan Oya.
In Blocks III and IV, the encroachment is severe as chena cultivation and burning, to provide grazing in the dry season, collides with the boundary.
In the absence of hand-weeding, which was practiced until the 1950s, the transformation of interior grasslands to scrub jungle is unavoidable.
Department of Wildlife Conservation has taken some conservation measures such as management of grazing lands, conservation of small water ponds, and eradication of invasive alien species.
Block III (main gate in Galge area, on Buttala-Kataragama Road) and the adjoining Kumana Park or 'Yala East' (main gate at Okanda, on the east coast not far from Pottuvil) however are becoming popular in their own right too.
Note that the Situlpahuwa pilgrimage site, geographically in Block III, has kind of an 'enclave' status and is accessible FOC through separate roads from Tissa and Kataragama.
Most of the visitors stated that reasons for their visit is to see wild animals, and elephant is the most preferred animal.
Since the end of the civil war, May 2009, no violence has occurred in Yala area also and it is fully safe for visitors; this was also the main factor in opening blocks III and V for tourists.
Due to droughts the park used to be closed to tourists from 1 September, to 15 October annually; however in 2009 and 2010 the closure was skipped and lakes filled with water bowsers for drinking water for the animals, a future strategy on drought handling is not yet clear.
The Principality of Ruhuna, also referred to as the Kingdom of Ruhuna, is a region of present-day Southern and Eastern Sri Lanka.
The area identified with Ruhuna in ancient times is mainly the Southern Province, a large part of the Uva Province and small parts of, Sabaragamuwa & Eastern Provinces.
The adult Iiwi is mostly scarlet, with black wings and tail and a long, curved, salmon-colored bill used primarily for drinking nectar.
The contrast of the red and black plumage with surrounding green foliage makes the Iiwi one of Hawaii's most easily seen native birds.
Younger birds have golden plumage with more spots and ivory bills and were mistaken for a different species by early naturalists.
The ʻIʻiwiʻs peculiar song consists of a couple of whistles, the sound of balls dropping in water, the rubbing of balloons together, and the squeaking of a rusty hinge.
The long bill of the Iiwi assists it to extract nectar from the flowers of the Hawaiian lobelioids, which have decurved corollas.
In the early winter in January to June, the birds pair off and mate as the ōhia plants reach their flowering maximum.
The female lays two to three eggs in a small cup shaped nest made from tree fibers, petals, and down feathers.
The largest populations of Iiwi inhabit Hawaii Island, followed by Maui with the greatest numbers in East Maui, and fewer than 1% of Iiwi remain on Kauai.
There may be remnant populations on Molokai and Oahu; very few Iiwi have been recorded on either island since the 1990s .
Overall, ninety percent of the ‘i‘iwi population is confined to a narrow band of forest on East Maui and the windward slopes of the island of Hawaii, between 4,265 and 6,234 feet (1,300 and 1,900 meters) in elevation.
It has also been noted that birds on Mauna Kea, Hawaii Island, likely make daily trips from lower elevations to feed on nectar.
It has been theorized that the Iiwi can migrate between islands and it may be why the bird has not gone extinct on smaller islands such as Molokai.
Iiwi was formerly classified as a near threatened species by the IUCN, but recent research has proven that it is rarer than previously believed.
Iiwi are listed as a threatened species because of small and declining populations in some of its range and its susceptibility to fowlpox and avian malaria.
Many disease-susceptible endemic birds, including Iiwi and Kiwikiu, became rare to absent at lower elevations, even in relatively intact native forest.
In a laboratory study, ninety percent of all Iiwi exposed to avian malaria died and the other ten percent were weakened but survived.
Iiwi habitat has been reduced and fragmented through various types of land development, including clearing native forest for food crops and grazing.
Invasive animals impact Iiwi in a variety of ways, for example feral ungulates may trample native plants and spread nonnative plants and invasive seeds, further degrading habitat.
Fencing off sections of land to keep out feral ungulates, especially pigs, goats and axis deer enables native plants to recover from overgrazing and ungulate damage and helps restore native bird habitat.
This disease along with ōhia dieback and ōhia rust could lead to a rapid decline in ōhia forests, an important nectar source for Iiwi.
The store was launched in July 2003 with 300,000 tracks available and was designed to compete with iTunes Music Store because at the time of launch, Apple's store was limited to Macintosh users, and BuyMusic was the first to offer paid downloads to non-Mac users.
It would not allow anyone not using Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer 5.0 or greater to even view the songs available.
Before the spring 2004 integration with its parent site, Buy.com, users that did not meet the stated requirements couldn't even access static content such as press releases.
Though the download service's closure was never officially announced, it had quietly disappeared by December 2009, if not before; Buy.com's press releases stopped mentioning it sometime in 2007.
Typically, they were not experienced physicians or surgeons at all; rather they were often either second-rate doctors unable to otherwise run a successful medical practice or young physicians seeking to establish themselves in the industry.
They rarely cured their patients; rather, they served to record a count of the number of people contaminated for demographic purposes.
The masks were designed to protect them from putrid air, which (according to the miasmatic theory of disease) was seen as the cause of infection.
The first European epidemic of the bubonic plague dates back to the mid 6th century and is called the Plague of Justinian.
The large losses of people in a town created an economic disaster, so community plague doctors were considered quite valuable and were given special privileges; for example, plague doctors were freely allowed to perform autopsies to research a cure for the plague, a practice which was generally otherwise forbidden in Medieval Europe.
The city of Orvieto hired Matteo fu Angelo in 1348 for four times the normal rate of a doctor of 50-florin per year.
Pope Clement VI hired several extra plague doctors during the Black Death plague to attend to the sick people of Avignon.
Of 18 doctors in Venice, only one was left by 1348: five had died of the plague, and 12 were missing and may have fled.
The garments were invented by Charles de L'Orme in 1630 and were first used in Napoli, but later spread to be used throughout Europe.
The protective suit consisted of a light, waxed fabric overcoat, a mask with glass eye openings and a beak shaped nose, typically stuffed with herbs, straw, and spices.
Plague doctors would also commonly carry a cane to examine and direct patients without the need to make direct contact with the patient.
Due to the primitive understanding of disease at the time, it was believed this suit would sufficiently protect the doctor from miasma while tending to patients.
Their principal task, besides taking care of people with the plague, was to record in public records the deaths due to the plague.
In certain European cities like Florence and Perugia, plague doctors were requested to do autopsies to help determine the cause of death and how the plague played a role.
This advice varied depending on the patient, and after the Middle Ages, the nature of the relationship between doctor and patient was governed by an increasingly complex ethical code.
Plague doctors could not generally interact with the general public because of the nature of their business and the possibility of spreading the disease; they could also be subject to quarantine.
Nostradamus's advice was the removal of infected corpses, getting fresh air, drinking clean water, and drinking a juice preparation of rose hips.
The Irish physician, Niall Ó Glacáin (c.1563?–1653) earned deep respect in Spain, France and Italy for his bravery in treating numerous people with the plague.
Thomas Berry Brazelton (May 10, 1918 – March 13, 2018) was an American pediatrician, author, and the developer of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS).
He graduated in 1940 from Princeton and in 1943 from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, where he accepted a medical internship at Roosevelt Hospital.
From 1945, after war service in the U.S. Navy, he completed his medical residency in Boston Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) before undertaking pediatric training at Children's Hospital of Boston.
He subsequently served as a Fellow with Professor Jerome Bruner at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Harvard University, then combined his interests in primary care pediatrics and child psychiatry and in 1972 established the Child Development Unit, a pediatric training and research center at Children's Hospital in Boston.
Brazelton was president of the Society for Research in Child Development (1987–1989), and of the National Center for Clinical Infant Programs (1988–1991).
He appeared many times before Congressional committees in support of parental and medical leave bills, and continued to work with the Alliance for Better Child Care for a more comprehensive day care bill.
Brazelton's foremost achievement in pediatrics and child development has been to increase pediatricians' awareness of, and attention to, the effect of young children's behavior, activity states, and emotional expressions on the ways their parents react to, and thereby affect them.
The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) assesses not only the physical and neurological responses of newborns, but also their emotional well being and individual differences.
The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) looks at a wide range of behaviors and is suitable for examining newborns and infants up to two months old.
The examiner shares this portrait with parents to develop appropriate caregiving strategies aimed at enhancing the earliest relationship between babies and parents.
It evaluates a wide range of 38 behaviors to build a behavioral profile of an infant up to 2 months old.
It assesses the baby's capabilities across different developmental areas (autonomic, motor, state and social-interactive systems) and describes how infants integrate these areas as they adapt to their new environment .This approach was innovative for recognizing that a baby is a highly developed organism, even when just newly born.
Not only do infants respond to cues around them, like their parents' faces, but they also take steps to control their environment, such as crying to get a response from their caregivers.
Third, infants are social organisms, individuals with their own unique qualities, ready to shape as well as be shaped by the caregiving environment.
There have been several fictional people or people using false names nominated for actual Academy Awards, in several cases because the actual winners were blacklisted at the time.
The effect of the reconstruction was to split these two divisions into three, with the top flight named the Premier Division, second tier the First Division, and a new third tier was created known as the Second Division.
From 1994 to 2006, the top two teams were promoted to the First Division and the bottom two were relegated to the Third Division.
From 2006 to 2013, the top team in the Second Division was promoted to the First Division, while the clubs in 2nd through 4th places entered an end of season play-off with the 9th placed side in the First Division.
The bottom club was automatically relegated to the Third Division and the 9th placed club entered an end of season play-off with the second, third and fourth placed clubs from the Third Division.
The teams played each other four times with three points for a victory and one point each for a drawn game.
In the event of two teams finishing with the same number of points, the respective teams' position is decided on goal difference.
Providing service for the Red Line, the station is at the 5400 block of Wisconsin Avenue, Northwest and serves the neighborhoods of Chevy Chase and Friendship Heights.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail northwest of the Van Ness–UDC station and the opening of the Bethesda, Grosvenor, Medical Center and Tenleytown stations.
The escalator ride from the common room at the north entrance to the mezzanine level takes roughly a minute and a half.
When this happens, trains offload their passengers on the Shady Grove-bound track, exit the station, switch direction just north of the interlocking, and then run through the interlocking to the Glenmont (towards downtown)-bound track.
Unlike its many counterparts such as Van Ness-UDC and Tenleytown-AU, the station's walls are rounder than most stations due to its use of the four-coffer arch design.
Friendship Heights is also the only station in the system with this design that also has a mezzanine at both ends of the platform.
Two of its five exits sit on the Maryland side of Western Avenue, whereas the other three exit into the District.
At the Western Avenue entrance, four separate street entrances come together in a common room, allowing riders to access a set of three escalators that go to the platform.
One entrance is located at a side entrance to the lobby of an entrance to the C-level of Mazza Gallerie that has access to Western Avenue.
The newest entrance, located off Wisconsin Avenue next to The Shops at Wisconsin Place, opened in 2011, replacing an earlier entrance that led directly into a Hecht's.
The new entrance is located across Wisconsin Avenue from the station's main entrance, which surfaces in a large bus depot underneath the Chevy Chase Metro Building.
A second entrance, at the intersection of Wisconsin Avenue and Jenifer Street NW, is elevator-only, with four high-speed elevators servicing the station's south mezzanine.
The meeting was held in New York City at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel from May 6 to May 11, 1942 with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending.
There was no reference to the Arab population prevailing in Mandatory Palestine, and, according to Anita Shapira, marked a transition to the view that conflict was inevitable between the Arabs and Jews, and could only resolved by the sword.
It was also prompted by the realization that America would play a larger part in fulfillment of Zionist designs after the war.
Attendees included Chaim Weizmann, as President of the World Zionist Organization, David Ben-Gurion as Chairman of the Jewish Agency Executive, and Nahum Goldmann as a member of the Executive of the Zionist Organization of America.
After approval by the Zionist General Council in Palestine, the Biltmore Program was adopted as the platform of the World Zionist Organization.
Rabbi Meyer Berlin leader of the Mizrahi Zionist party disagreed arguing that no one could know how many Jews would survive and how many would die.
At the American Jewish Conference of 29 August 1943 the adoption of the Biltmore program was challenged by Joseph Proskauer and Robert Goldman, they argued that the immediate problem was the rescue effort, not the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth.
Goldman felt the Biltmore program was unduly weighted in favour of the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth and that the focus on this as a priority would hamper the efforts to rescue the European Jewry.
Daniel Carroll (July 22, 1730May 7, 1796) was an American politician and plantation owner from Maryland, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
He supported the American Revolution, served in the Confederation Congress, was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 which wrote the Constitution, and was a U.S. Representative in the First Congress.
His younger brother John was the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States (as Bishop of Baltimore, 1790) and founder of Georgetown University; his cousin Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed the Declaration of Independence.
Between 1742 and 1748 he and John studied under the Jesuits at the College of St. Omer in France, established for the education of English Catholics.
Then, after a tour of Europe, he sailed home and soon married Eleanor Carroll, apparently a first cousin, their grandparents are Daniel O'Caroll and Dorothy Kennedy from Ireland.
As a slaveholder and large landholder, he was initially concerned that the Revolution might fail economically and bring about not only his family's financial ruin, but mob rule.
He also led the effort to block the State Assembly from ratifying of the Articles of Confederation until the states that had western land claims (which Maryland did not) ceded those claims to Congress.
Carroll dropped his opposition only after Virginia relinquished its claims on land north of the Ohio River to Congress, and on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the thirteenth and final state to ratify the Articles.
In 1787, Carroll was named a Maryland delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which convened to revise the Articles, and produced the Constitution.
Like his good friend James Madison of Virginia, Carroll was convinced that a strong central government was needed to regulate commerce among the states and with other nations.
He and Thomas Fitzsimons were the only Roman Catholics to sign the Constitution, but their presence was a sign of the continued advancement of religious freedom in America.
At the Constitutional Convention, Daniel Carroll played an essential role in formulating the limitation of the powers of the federal or central government.
He was the author of the presumption—enshrined in the Constitution as a closing article – that powers not specifically delegated to the federal government were reserved to the states or to the people.
Carroll spoke about 20 times during the summer of debates at the Constitutional Convention and served on the Committee on Postponed Matters.
Returning to Maryland after the Convention, he campaigned for ratification of the Constitution but was not a delegate to the Maryland state convention for ratification.
One of three commissioners appointed to survey the newly designated District of Columbia and acquire land for the new federal capital in the District, Carroll was related to two major landowners whose land was acquired by the government, his brother-in-law Notley Young and nephew Daniel Carroll of Duddington.
As one of his first official acts as commissioner, on 15 April 1791 he and fellow commissioner David Stuart of Virginia laid the cornerstone for the beginning boundary line survey of the District at Jones Point, on the south bank of the Potomac near Alexandria, formerly in Virginia.
Carroll died May 7, 1796, at the age of 65, at his home near Rock Creek in the present neighborhood of Forest Glen, Maryland.
The name evokes the Vanderbilt family's Biltmore Estate, whose buildings and gardens within are privately owned historical landmarks and tourist attractions in Asheville, North Carolina, United States.
The Tuller was to have been demolished in 1929 and replaced by a towering 35-story, 1500 room hotel with an attached 14-story garage and 18-story office building.
It was built in 1926 as the Alba, renamed The Ambassador in 1929, and sold to Henry L. Doherty in 1933.
The Tahoe Biltmore Lodge & Casino, a hotel-casino in Crystal Bay, Nevada, very near the California border among the communities known as North Shore Tahoe.
It was built in 1932 during the Great Depression by the city's prominent civic leaders at the time, headed by Charles F. Colcord.
Designed by architects Hawk & Parr, the Biltmore had 619 rooms and was 24 stories high, making it the state's second tallest building only to the Ramsey Tower built in 1931, when it was completed.
By 1973, the hotel had left Sheraton, and the Oklahoma City Urban Renewal Authority agreed with the owners that the Biltmore had outlived its useful life.
Hundreds of low-yield explosives were planted throughout the building so that it would collapse and fall inward into an acceptable area only slightly larger than the hotel's foundation.
The Purple Line, currently under construction, will terminate at Bethesda, providing rail service to other inner Maryland suburbs such as Silver Spring as College Park, each of which has additional north-south connections by Washington Metro, and New Carrollton, which has Amtrak and MARC connections to both Washington, D.C. and Baltimore.
Located at the center of the area's central business district, Bethesda station lies underneath Wisconsin Avenue at its intersection with Montgomery Avenue.
In the direction of Shady Grove, it is the first station wholly within Montgomery County, as Friendship Heights straddles the border between Maryland and Washington, D.C.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail northwest of the Van Ness–UDC station and the opening of the Friendship Heights, Grosvenor, Medical Center and Tenleytown stations.
It is relatively deep; prior to the opening of the Wheaton station, the Bethesda station had the longest escalator in the Western Hemisphere, at .
The station's construction has been a major boon to the area, with several office buildings being built on (in the Bethesda Metro Center complex) and around it.
Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer (1723 – November 16, 1790) was a politician, a Founding Father of the United States, and a signee of the United States Constitution.
He was a leader for many years in Maryland's colonial government, but when conflict arose with Great Britain Jenifer embraced the Patriot cause.
Jenifer, born at Coates Retirement (now Ellerslie), an estate west of Port Tobacco in Charles County, Maryland, was the son Dr. Daniel Jenifer, and Elizabeth Mason.
As a young man, he acted as a receiver general, the local financial agent for the last two proprietors of Maryland.
He sat on a commission that settled a boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and Delaware (1760) and on the Governor's Council, the upper house of the Maryland legislature that also served as the colony's court of appeals and as a board of senior advisers to the governor (1773–76).
Despite his close ties with the colonial government, Jenifer strongly resented what he and most of the colonial gentry saw as Parliament's arbitrary interference with the colonies' affairs, especially its laws concerning taxation and trade regulation.
Years before the struggle for independence began, he had defended the proprietors of Maryland against those who sought to make Maryland a Royal colony.
When the Revolution came, Jenifer lent his considerable support as a wealthy landowner to the Patriot cause, despite the fact that many leading Patriots had been his enemies in the proprietorship struggle.
Jenifer became the president of Maryland's Council of Safety, the Patriot body established to organize Maryland's military forces for the Revolution (1775–77).
As manager of his state's finances between 1782 and 1785, Jenifer drew on his experiences as a landholder to help the state survive the critical postwar economic depression.
Along with James Madison, John Dickinson, George Mason and his good friend George Washington, Jenifer began to explore ways to solve the economic and political problems that had arisen under the weak Articles of Confederation.
Like his old friend Benjamin Franklin, Jenifer enjoyed the status of elder statesman at the Convention, which took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Jenifer, one of the convention's oldest delegates like Franklin, used his prestige (as well as humor and reputation as pleasant company) to work for a strong and permanent union of the states by reconciling opposing views and formulating the compromises that made the convention a success.
Business experience gained while managing a large plantation had convinced him that an active central government was needed to ensure financial and commercial stability.
To that end, Jenifer favored a strong and permanent union of the states in which a Congress representing the people had the power to tax.
When Maryland's other delegate, Luther Martin, said that he feared being hanged if the people of Maryland approved the Constitution, Jenifer quipped that Martin should stay in Philadelphia, so that he would not hang in his home state.
In his will, Jenifer passed his roughly land holdings to his nephew, Daniel Jenifer, and instructed that all his slaves be freed six years after his death.
Daniel Jenifer, like his uncle, also served as magistrate in Charles County, as well as three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives.
His family home, Retreat, was also located in Charles County, near one of the largest slave-trading ports of the era, Port Tobacco; it was built in the last quarter of the 18th century and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Manning studied at the Los Angeles County Art Institute, and later, during his US Army service in Japan, drew cartoons for his military base newspaper.
In 1953 he went to work for Western Publishing and illustrated stories for the wide variety of comics published by Western for Dell Comics, and later for Western's own Gold Key Comics line.
During this time, he adapted ten of the first eleven Tarzan novels written by Edgar Rice Burroughs, from scripts written by Gaylord Du Bois.
In an era when many science fiction illustrations still showed interstellar spaceships with fins reminiscent of World War II V-2 rockets, Manning offered more exotic craft.
The Russ Manning Most Promising Newcomer Award, which is presented annually at Comic-Con International during the Eisner Awards, is named after him.
The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), also known as the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (BNAS), was developed in 1973 by Dr. T. Berry Brazelton and his colleagues.
This test purports to provide an index of a newborn's abilities, and is usually given to an infant somewhere between the age of 3 days to 4 weeks old.
This knowledge may help parents develop appropriate strategies for caring in intimate relationships to enhance their earliest relationship with the child.
Therefore, as examiners and researchers say that one infant scored higher than another one, there is no standard sample with which to compare.
Providing service for the Red Line, the station serves the National Institutes of Health campus and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, and is located at Rockville Pike and South Drive.
Since there is little retail in the area and no commuter parking lot, this station is used almost exclusively by employees and visitors to those two institutions.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail northwest of the Van Ness–UDC station and the opening of the Bethesda, Friendship Heights, Grosvenor, and Tenleytown stations.
In September 2009, Montgomery County submitted a $20 million federal grant application to build a pedestrian tunnel under Rockville Pike to improve access to the Medical Center stop from Walter Reed Medical Center.
Currently, there is only a crosswalk here, with many passengers crossing the heavily travelled street from Walter Reed on the east side of MD 355 to get to the station on the west side.
The project is fully funded at $68 million, mostly through the Department of Defense, and includes installation of new deep elevators, improvement of surface bicycle and pedestrian facilities, as well as an extension of the left turn lane on southbound MD 355.
Like most stations on the Red Line's western segment, Medical Center is very deep: its platform is located 202 feet below street level.
Pierce Butler (July 11, 1744February 15, 1822) was a South Carolina rice planter, slaveholder, politician, an officer in the Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
He served as a state legislator, a member of the Congress of the Confederation, a delegate to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, and a member of the United States Senate.
As one of the largest slaveholders in the United States, he defended American slavery for both political and personal motives, even though he had private misgivings about the institution and particularly about the African slave trade.
He introduced the Fugitive Slave Clause into a draft of the U.S. Constitution, which gave a federal guarantee to the property rights of slaveholders.
The Constitution's Three-Fifths Compromise counted only three-fifths of the slave population in state totals, but still led to Southern states having disproportionate power in the U.S. Congress.
Their forces in the northern and middle colonies had reached a stalemate with Washington's Continentals, more adequately supplied and better trained after the hard winter at Valley Forge.
They believed that the many Loyalists in the southern states (with whom the British had an active trade through cotton, rice and tobacco) would rally to the Crown if supported by regular troops.
During the operation, which climaxed with an attempted attack on Savannah, Butler served as a volunteer aide to General Lachlan McIntosh.
The hastily raised and poorly prepared militia troops could not compete with the well-trained British regulars, and the Patriots' effort to relieve Savannah ended in failure.
As adjutant general, Butler worked with former members of the militia and Continental Army veterans such as Francis Marion and Thomas Sumter to integrate the partisan efforts into a unified campaign.
Throughout the closing phases of the southern campaign, he personally donated cash and supplies to help sustain the American forces and also assisted in the administration of prisoner-of-war facilities.
Many of his plantations and ships were destroyed, and the international trade on which the majority of his income depended was in shambles.
He enrolled his son Thomas in a London school run by Weeden Butler, and engaged a new minister from among the British clergy for his Episcopal church in South Carolina.
Testifying to his growing political influence, the South Carolina legislature asked Butler to represent the state at the Constitutional Convention that met in Philadelphia in 1787.
At the convention, he urged that the president be given the power to initiate war; however, he did not receive a second proponent for his motion and all the other delegates overwhelmingly rejected his proposal.
In addition, while privately criticizing the international trade in African slaves, he supported the passage in the Constitution that prohibited regulation of the trade for 20 years.
He advocated counting the full slave population in the states' totals for the purposes of Congressional apportionment, but had to be satisfied with the compromise to count three-fifths of the slaves toward that end.
Later, he was elected by the South Carolina state legislature to three separate terms in the United States Senate, but changed his party allegiance: beginning as a Federalist, he switched to the Jeffersonian party in 1795.
The states of New York and New Jersey had each indicted the Vice President for murder in the wake of the post-duel controversy.
During Burr's stay in early September, one of the worst hurricanes in history hit the area, and Burr's first-hand description documents both his stay and this event.
Following his wife's death in 1790, Butler sold off the last of their South Carolina holdings and invested in Georgia Sea Island plantations.
He also pursued plans in the 1830s to develop cotton mills in the Piedmont of Georgia, where he founded what became Roswell, Georgia in 1839.
Butler retired from politics in 1805 and spent much of his time in Philadelphia where he had previously established a summer home.
His oldest daughter, Sarah, lived with her family and had three surviving sons before he died; two of whom would become Butler's heirs by irrevocably taking his surname.
More than a decade prior to Butler's death, he disinherited his only surviving son Thomas Butler, together with his French-born wife and children.
Butler became one of the wealthiest men in the United States, with huge land holdings in several states, through his business ventures.
Some historians claim that he privately opposed slavery, and especially the international slave trade, but he tried to protect the institution as a politician because of its importance to the Southern economy.
But, unlike Washington or Thomas Jefferson, for example, Butler never acknowledged the fundamental inconsistency in simultaneously defending the rights of the poor and supporting slavery.
He followed his own path to produce the maximum of liberty and respect for those individuals whom he classed as citizens.
He wanted to maintain a strong central government, but a government that could never ride roughshod over the rights of the private citizen.
He opposed the policies of the Federalists under Alexander Hamilton because he believed they had sacrificed the interests of westerners and had sought to force their policies on the opposition.
She was the orphaned daughter of Thomas Middleton, a South Carolina planter and slave importer, and was heiress to a large fortune.
Butler initially planned to leave his whole fortune to her eldest son, Pierce Butler Mease, but the boy died in 1810 at age 9.
Butler told Sarah that he would leave his estate in equal parts to her three surviving sons (including one born that year), provided that they would irrevocably adopt Butler as their surname.
Two of her sons, John Mease and Pierce Butler Mease (born 1810 and named for the brother who died), changed their surnames order to inherit portions of the estate.
After the two Mease grandsons came of age, adopted the surname Butler, and claimed their inheritance, King operated a plantation in Alabama.
The famous English actress Fanny Kemble and her noted actor/manager father Charles Kemble made a 2-year theatrical tour of the United States, 1832-1834.
Kemble was shocked at the living and working conditions for the slaves, and complained to him of their overwork and of the manager Roswell King Jr.'s treatment of them.
She noted that King was known to have sired several mixed-race children with enslaved women, whom he sometimes took away from their husbands for periods of time.
By mid-century, Pierce Mease Butler was one of the richest men in the United States, but he squandered a fortune estimated at $700,000.
He was saved from bankruptcy by his sale on March 2–3, 1859 of his 436 slaves at Ten Broeck Racetrack, outside Savannah, Georgia.
He sat out the Civil War in Philadelphia, a refuge for numerous Southerners, and was briefly imprisoned for treason, August–September 1861.
In the social and economic disruption of the postwar years, Pierce Mease Butler was unsuccessful in adapting to the free labor market, and amid a general agricultural depression he was unable to make a profit from the Sea Island plantations.
After Pierce Mease Butler's death, his younger daughter Frances Butler Leigh and her husband James Leigh, a minister, tried to restore to productivity and operate the combined plantations, but were also unsuccessful in generating a profit.
Pierce Mease Butler's elder daughter Sarah Butler Wister married a wealthy Philadelphia doctor, Owen Jones Wister, and they lived in the Germantown section of the city.
The forensic science graduate program is one of nearly twenty post-graduate-level academic programs in the United States accredited by the American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
The university's digital forensics program is the first program in the world to receive accreditation in digital forensics from the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission (FEPAC).
The Lewis College of Business is amongst only 1% of global business schools to have achieved dual AACSB accreditation in Business and Accounting.
Marshall University has a non-residential branch campus, focused on graduate education, in South Charleston, the Marshall University – South Charleston Campus, which also offers classes throughout the southern half of the state, including at the Erma Byrd Higher Education Center in Beckley.
Marshall University also operates the Robert C. Byrd Institute, with operations on both the Huntington and South Charleston campuses, as well as in Fairmont, West Virginia.
The institute's goal is the transfer of technology from the academic departments to private industry to support job development in the region.
The landmark Old Main, which now serves as the primary administrative building for the university, was built on land known as Maple Grove, at the time the home of the Mount Hebron Church in what was then the state of Virginia.
John Laidley, a local attorney, hosted the meeting which led to the founding of Marshall Academy, which was named after Laidley's friend, the eminent John Marshall who had served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from January 1801 to July 1835.
On March 30, 1838, the institution was formally dedicated by the Virginia General Assembly as Marshall Academy; however this institution was not a college level institution as that was understood at that time.
In 1858, the Virginia General Assembly changed the name to Marshall College, but this change still did not reflect its status as a true college.
On June 20, 1863, Cabell County, Virginia, was one of the 50 counties separated from Virginia at the height of the American Civil War to form the State of West Virginia, and the college fell within the new state.
In 1867, the West Virginia Legislature resurrected the institution as a teacher training facility and renamed it State Normal School of Marshall College.
Much of Huntington was also heavily damaged, and as a result, a floodwall was constructed around much of the town to prevent future occurrences.
The West Virginia Board of Education authorized Marshall College in 1938 to offer the master's degree in six programs: chemistry, education, history, political science, psychology, and sociology, as the institution underwent another expansion.
On March 2, 1961, West Virginia Legislature finally elevated Marshall to university status, and the legislation was signed by Governor W. W. Barron.
The station, which began in the Science Building at 10 watts of power, now broadcasts from the Communications Building with 1,400 watts.
In 1969, the university's athletic program, facing a number of scandals, fired both its football and basketball coaches and was suspended from the Mid-American Conference and from the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
On the evening of November 14, 1970, the Thundering Herd football team, along with coaches and fans, were returning home to Huntington from Kinston, North Carolina.
The team had just lost a game 17–14 against the East Carolina University Pirates at Ficklen Stadium in Greenville, North Carolina.
The chartered Southern Airways Flight 932 crashed on approach to the Tri-State Airport after clipping trees just west of the runway and impacting, nose-first, into a hollow.
13 members of the team, as well as the members of the freshman football team, who were not eligible to play varsity under NCAA rules at that time, were not passengers.
The squad was also composed of freshmen players who were allowed to play at the varsity level due to the National Collegiate Athletic Association, college football's governing body, waiving a rule prohibiting it.
In 1971 the Williamson and Logan campuses of Marshall University were combined by the West Virginia Legislature to form Southern West Virginia Community College (now Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College).
The center includes a 24-hour study center and a coffee shop, and has both wired and wireless networking throughout the building.
In 2010 the university was authorized to begin offering undergraduate classes in South Charleston and renamed the facility Marshall University - South Charleston Campus.
In addition to the main campus in Huntington and the branch campus in South Charleston, West Virginia, the school maintains undergraduate centers in Gilbert, Point Pleasant, and Hurricane, West Virginia.
These buildings include two new first-year student residence halls, a health and recreation center, an engineering lab facility, softball field, and an artificial turf practice field that is open to the public.
In July 2005, Dr. Stephen J. Kopp took over as Marshall University's president and Dr. Gayle Ormiston served as the Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs.
The Marshall University Board of Governors met on campus in emergency session on December 18, 2014, to begin the succession process, and announced on December 29, 2014, that Gary G. White, a member of the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission and former chairman of the Marshall University Board of Governors, would serve as interim president of the university, effective Thursday, January 1, 2015.
White resigned from the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission to take on the role of interim president and was not a candidate for the permanent position.
Deans of the colleges and schools are Dr. Robert Bookwalter (Liberal Arts), Dr. Gayle Brazeau (School of Pharmacy), Wendell Dobbs (Arts and Media), Dr. Teresa Eagle (Education and Professional Development), Dr. Wael Zatar (Information Technology and Engineering), Dr. Avinandan Mukherjee (Business), Dr. Chuck Somerville (Science), Dr. Michael Prewitt (Health Professions), and Dr. Joseph Shapiro, (Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine).
The Joan C. Edwards Performing Arts center is a state-of-the-art, 530-seat facility for studies in the fields of music, art, and theatre.
In 2016, Marshall's Forensic Science Graduate Program ranked #1 in the United States based upon scores on the Forensic Science Assessment Test (FSAT), which is a qualifying test offered by the American Board of Criminalistics.
In 2011, Marshall's Digital Forensics Graduate Program was the first program in the United States to obtain full accreditation in digital forensics from the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission (FEPAC).
In April 2007, Marshall's Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine was ranked fifth in the nation in producing family physicians, according to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.
The school's general engineering program was closed in 1970, but was reborn with a graduate program in 1993, and a general engineering undergraduate program in 2006.
MU now offers the PhD in Biomedical Sciences, the EdD in Educational Leadership or Curriculum and Instruction, and professional doctorates in Nurse Anesthesia, Pharmacy, Psychology, and Physical Therapy.
The name Thundering Herd came from a Zane Grey novel released in 1925, and a silent movie of the same name two years later.
In 1965, students, alums and faculty settled on Thundering Herd in a vote, and Big Green was given to the athletic department's fund-raising wing.
Sports at the school include women's softball, swimming & diving, tennis, volleyball, and track & field; men's football, baseball; and teams for both genders in basketball, cross country, golf, and soccer.
There are 15 chapters on campus that are members of one of three communities: the Interfraternity Council (IFC), the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and the Panhellenic Council (PHC).
Marshall University broke ground on a new graduate student housing complex on the Fairfield Campus of the Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine in June 2018.
The graduate housing project, located adjacent to the Erma Ora Byrd Clinical Center, will feature 200 units for apartment-style living and will accommodate pharmacy and medical students as well as resident physicians.
But he was devoted to the idea of a permanent union of the newly independent states and loyally supported fellow Virginians James Madison and George Washington at the Constitutional Convention.
His greatest contribution as a Founding Father came not in Philadelphia, but later as a judge on the Virginia court of appeals and on the U.S. Supreme Court, where he influenced the interpretation of the Constitution in a number of important decisions.
Contemporaries praised Blair for such personal strengths as gentleness and benevolence, and for his ability to penetrate immediately to the heart of a legal question.
Returning home to practice law, he was quickly thrust into public life, beginning his public career shortly after the close of the French and Indian War with his election to the seat reserved for the College of William and Mary in the House of Burgesses (1766–70).
He opposed Patrick Henry's extremist resolutions in protest of the Stamp Act, but the dissolution of the House of Burgesses by Parliament profoundly altered his views.
In response to a series of taxes on the colonies passed by Parliament, Blair joined George Washington and others in 1770 and again in 1774 to draft nonimportation agreements which pledged their supporters to cease importing British goods until the taxes were repealed.
In the latter year he reacted to the British Parliament's passage of the Intolerable Acts by joining those calling for a Continental Congress and pledging support for the people of Boston who were suffering economic hardship because of Parliament's actions.
He served as a member of the convention that drew up Virginia's constitution (1776) and held a number of important committee positions, including a seat on the Committee of 28 that framed the Virginia Declaration of Rights and plan of government.
The legislature elected him to a judgeship in the general court in 1778 and soon to the post of chief justice.
He was also elected to Virginia's high court of chancery (1780), where his colleague was George Wythe, later a fellow delegate to the Constitutional Convention.
In 1786, the legislature, recognizing Blair's prestige as a jurist, appointed him Thomas Jefferson's successor on a committee revising the laws of Virginia.
While crossing on foot an old bridge over a flooded river en route home from the Convention, Blair and Washington narrowly escaped accident when one of the carriage horses fell through the bridge.
George Washington nominated Blair to the Supreme Court of the United States on September 24, 1789, and the United States Senate confirmed the nomination two days later.
However, Blair participated in the Court's landmark case of Chisholm v. Georgia, which is considered the first United States Supreme Court case of significance and impact.
Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fascia is made up of fibrous connective tissue containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull.
Fascia is consequently flexible and able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force.
They differ in their location and function: ligaments join one bone to another bone, tendons join muscle to bone, and fasciae surround muscles and other structures.
Superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the skin in nearly all of the regions of the body, that blends with the reticular dermis layer.
It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the breastbone.
It consists mainly of loose areolar, and fatty adipose connective tissue and is the layer that primarily determines the shape of a body.
In addition to its subcutaneous presence, superficial fascia surrounds organs and glands, neurovascular bundles, and is found at many other locations where it fills otherwise unoccupied space.
It serves as a storage medium of fat and water; as a passageway for lymph, nerve and blood vessels; and as a protective padding to cushion and insulate.
Due to its viscoelastic properties, superficial fascia can stretch to accommodate the deposition of adipose that accompanies both ordinary and prenatal weight gain.
Visceral fascia (also called subserous fascia) suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes.
Each of the organs is covered in a double layer of fascia; these layers are separated by a thin serous membrane.
Deep fascia is a layer of dense fibrous connective tissue which surrounds individual muscles, and also divides groups of muscles into fascial compartments.
Fasciae were traditionally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body.
In doing so, fasciae provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles.
Fascial tissues - particularly those with tendinous or aponeurotic properties - are also able to store and release elastic potential energy.
This can happen after surgery where the fascia has been incised and healing includes a scar that traverses the surrounding structures.
In the human body, the limbs can each be divided into two segments – the upper limb can be divided into the arm and the forearm and the sectional compartments of both of these – the fascial compartments of the arm and the fascial compartments of the forearm contain an anterior and a posterior compartment.
Likewise, the lower limbs can be divided into two segments – the leg and the thigh and these contain the fascial compartments of the leg and the fascial compartments of the thigh.
The top six goat industry groups in the United States include: meat (includes show), dairy (includes show, pygmy and Nigerian dwarf), fiber or hair (angora, cashmere), 4-H, industrial (weed control, hiking/pack), and biotech (see Goats in agriculture).
Toto IV is the fourth studio album by American rock band Toto released in the spring of 1982 by Columbia Records.
It also reached the top ten in other countries, including Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom, and Japan.
It was also the last Toto album to feature their original bassist David Hungate until his return in 2014 (with the release of their 2015 album Toto XIV) when he replaced by Mike Porcaro after the band’s recording of the album, and also the final album to feature original lead vocalist Bobby Kimball until his comeback in 1998 (with the release of the 1999 album Mindfields).
The band was under heavy pressure from Columbia Records to deliver a hit album with their next release or be at risk of being dropped from the label.
The band went back to the formula that helped them succeed on their first album, having an album that touched on many different genres of music.
They also utilized many outside musicians to help give the sound a more polished, fuller feel than they had on past albums.
The recording took many months during 1981 and 1982 and the band was allowed a much larger than average recording budget.
At a time when most bands were using a single 24-track recorder Toto used as many as 3 separate 24-track recorders at the same time.
The 24-track recorders were linked with a computerized SMPTE timecode system that allowed for up to 69 individual tracks of sound simultaneously.
David Hungate, who moved to Nashville during the recording of the album, left the band to spend more time with his family.
Two years later, prior to beginning recording of their follow-up album, Bobby Kimball was fired by the band due to drug issues that were damaging his voice.
The French group, directed originally by Ward Swingle (who once belonged to Mimi Perrin's French vocal group Les Double Six), began as session singers mainly doing background vocals for singers such as Charles Aznavour and Edith Piaf.
Many radio stations picked it up and this led to the group recording more albums and winning a total of five Grammy Awards.
The group performed and recorded under the name The Swingles, The New Swingle Singers, and The Swingle Singers before settling on The Swingles.
The Swingle Singers produce covers ranging from pop songs (Björk, Annie Lennox and the Beatles) to classical music (Bach, Mozart) to Contemporary Music (Luciano Berio, Pascal Zavaro and Azio Corghi).
In September 2011, Lucy Bailey (alto) left the group and the Swingle Singers announced the decision not to replace her, but to continue as a seven-person line-up.
Because one tends to reject or remain ignorant of the least desirable aspects of one's personality, the shadow is largely negative.
There are, however, positive aspects that may also remain hidden in one's shadow (especially in people with low self-esteem, anxieties, and false beliefs).
Contrary to a Freudian definition of shadow, the Jungian shadow can include everything outside the light of consciousness and may be positive or negative.
It may be (in part) one's link to more primitive animal instincts, which are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind.
According to Jung, the shadow, in being instinctive and irrational, is prone to psychological projection, in which a perceived personal inferiority is recognized as a perceived moral deficiency in someone else.
These projections insulate and harm individuals by acting as a constantly thickening veil of illusion between the ego and the real world.
The shadow may appear in dreams and visions in various forms and typically 'appears as a person of the same sex as that of the dreamer'.
The shadow's appearance and role depend greatly on the living experience of the individual because much of the shadow develops in the individual's mind rather than simply being inherited in the collective unconscious.
Identification with a despised figure may mean that one has an unacknowledged difference from the character, a difference which could point to a rejection of the illuminating qualities of ego-consciousness.
These examples refer to just two of many possible roles that the shadow may adopt and are not general guides to interpretation.
These are made unconscious in the individual by such things as the change of attention from one thing to another, simple forgetfulness, or a repression.
The dissolution of the persona and the launch of the individuation process also brings with it 'the danger of falling victim to the shadow ... the black shadow which everybody carries with him, the inferior and therefore hidden aspect of the personality'—of a merger with the shadow.
According to Jung, the shadow sometimes overwhelms a person's actions; for example, when the conscious mind is shocked, confused, or paralyzed by indecision.
Fang Lizhi (February 12, 1936 – April 6, 2012) was a Chinese astrophysicist, vice-president of the University of Science and Technology of China, and activist whose liberal ideas inspired the pro-democracy student movement of 1986–87 and, finally, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
For his work, Fang was a recipient of the Robert F Kennedy Human Rights Award in 1989, given each year to an individual whose courageous activism is at the heart of the human rights movement and in the spirit of Robert F. Kennedy's vision and legacy.
He joined CCP upon graduation, worked the Institute of Modern Physics and became involved in China's secret atomic bomb program, while Li stayed at Peking University as a junior faculty.
In 1957, during the Hundred Flowers Campaign, people were strongly encouraged by the CCP to openly express their opinions and criticisms.
As party members, Li, Fang and another person in the physics department planned to write a letter to the party to offer their suggestions on education.
This letter was still unfinished by the time the Hundred Flowers Campaign abruptly came to an end and the Anti-Rightist Campaign started.
Although no one knew about the unfinished letter, out of loyalty to the party, the three naive young people confessed about it, and Li also confessed to the party her doubts on the party.
Fang was not immediately expelled from the party, because he played a lesser role in writing the letter, and also because he had left Peking University, where the punishment was particularly severe.
Still, he was removed from the nuclear program, and sent to do hard labour in Zanhuang, Hebei province from December 1957 to August 1958.
Out of political pressure, Li and Fang put their relationship on hold until early 1959, when Fang was also expelled from the party.
Fang was reassigned to the faculty of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in August 1958, and in 1961 married Li, who remained a faculty of Peking University.
Later, on the recommendation of Qian Linzhao, he became an associated member of a research group led by Li Yinyuan at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Since Li's group was at a different institute, this arrangement took advantage of a loophole in management rules, allowing him to publish papers under his own name.
Learning about this, vice president Yan Jici intervened on Fang's behalf; he pleaded the case to the party secretary of USTC at the time, Liu Da, who cancelled the cleansing order for Fang and other faculty members of USTC.
In 1969, along with other universities and research institutes, the USTC was ordered to be evacuated out of Beijing, ostensibly in anticipation of an impending Soviet Union invasion.
Later, in 1971, along with a number of other faculty members, he was assigned to do labour work in a brick factory, which produced the bricks for constructing the USTC university buildings.
According to the dialectical materialism philosophy, both time and space must be infinite, while the Big Bang theory allows the possibility of the finiteness of space and time.
Once Fang published his theory, some of the critics of the Theory of Relativity, especially a group based in Shanghai, prepared to attack Fang politically.
Professor Dai Wensai, the most well-known Chinese astronomer at the time and chair of the Astronomy Department of Nanjing University, also supported Fang.
He soon gained international recognition, and as China began to open up in the late 1970s, he was invited to international conferences outside the country.
In 1985, together with H. Sato of Kyoto University, Japan, Fang won the first prize of the Gravity Research Foundation essay competition by proposing that the periodic distribution of quasars observed can be explained if the Universe is multiply-connected, i.e.
Together with Remo Ruffini, he organized the first major international scientific conference in China: the 3rd Marcel Grossmann meeting in 1982.
Horowitz became the first two Israeli scientists to enter the People's Republic of China; at the time, there were no diplomatic relations between China and Israel.
Fang also trained many younger colleagues and students in the field of astrophysics and cosmology; he was considered an excellent teacher.
This book has been considered a classic by many teachers and students, although few students are aware of it in recent years.
Fang was also the first scientist in China to write popular accounts of contemporary astrophysical developments, such as cosmology and black holes.
During this time, he held many academic positions, including the director of the astrophysics research group of USTC, and director of the science history research group, chief editor of the USTC academic journal, chair of the Chinese society of gravity and relativistic astrophysics.
Fang also begin to write essays for publication in popular magazines, and give lectures on a variety of topics in universities, though usually not in USTC.
Fang was against the student demonstration, believing it would be suppressed by the CCP; he tried to persuade the USTC students not to go off-campus.
Because of his refusal, Hu was dismissed from his position as General Secretary in January 1987, effectively ending his period of influence within the Chinese government.
Fang was again expelled from Communist Party of China in January 1987, and removed from his position as the vice president of the university.
He was moved to Beijing as a research scientist at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory, now a part of the National Astronomical Observatory of China, and reunited with his wife, Li Shuxian, a professor at Peking University.
He gained fame and notoriety after his essays were collected by the Communist Party of China and distributed to many of its regional offices, with the directive to its members to criticize the essays.
In February 1989, Fang mobilized a number of well known intellectuals to write an open letter to Deng Xiaoping, requesting amnesty for the human right activist Wei Jingsheng who was then in prison.
Fang and his wife had exchanged ideas about Chinese politics with some students of Peking University, including Wang Dan and Liu Gang.
Some of those students became student leaders during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, though Fang and Li did not actively participate in the protest itself.
On 5 June 1989, the day after the government began its repression of protesters, Fang and Li, feeling unsafe, entered the U.S. embassy in Beijing, and were granted asylum.
Fang and his wife remained in the US Embassy until 25 June 1990, when they were allowed by Chinese authorities to leave the embassy and board a U.S. Air Force C-135 transport plane to Britain.
In 1991, he gave a conference on the issue of Tibet in New York, one of the first open dialogues between Chinese and Tibetans.
After some time at Cambridge University and Princeton, Fang later moved to Tucson, Arizona, where he worked as Professor of Physics at the University of Arizona.
His later research includes the study of non-Gaussianity in the cosmic microwave background anisotropy, Lyman alpha forest, application of wavelet in cosmology, turbulence in intergalactic medium, and the 21cm radiation during the Reionization.
He continued to train students and younger scientists who visited him from China and was very active in research to the end of his life, publishing multiple research papers each year.
Luther Martin (February 20, 1748, New Brunswick, New Jersey – July 8, 1826, New York, New York) was a politician and one of the United States' Founding Fathers, who left the Constitutional Convention early because he felt the Constitution violated states' rights.
He was a leading Anti-Federalist, along with Patrick Henry and George Mason, whose actions helped passage of the Bill of Rights.
In the fall of 1774, as a resident of Somerset County, Maryland, he served on the county's patriot committee, and in December attended a convention of the Province of Maryland in Annapolis, which had been called to consider the recommendations of the American Congress.
In 1785, he was elected to the Confederation Congress by the Maryland General Assembly, but his numerous public and private duties prevented him from traveling to Philadelphia.
He also opposed the creation of a government in which the large states would dominate the small ones, he consistently sided with the small states, helping to formulate the New Jersey Plan and voting against the Virginia Plan.
On June 27, Martin spoke for more than three hours in opposition to the Virginia Plan's proposal for proportionate representation in both houses of the legislature.
Martin served on the committee formed to seek a compromise on representation, where he supported the case for equal numbers of delegates in at least one house.
Before the convention closed, he became convinced that the new government would have too much power over state governments and would threaten individual rights.
Failing to find any support for a bill of rights, Martin and another Maryland delegate, John Francis Mercer, walked out of the convention on September 3, 1787.
In November 1789, in a speech to the Maryland House of Delegates, he assailed the Constitutional Convention, not only for what it was attempting to do, but also for how it was going about the job.
Instead, convention delegates had taken it upon themselves to make a fresh start by creating an entirely new system of government.
In an address to the Maryland House of Delegates in November 1787 and in numerous newspaper articles, Martin attacked the proposed new form of government and continued to fight ratification of the Constitution through 1788.
He lamented the ascension of the national government over the states and condemned what he saw as unequal representation in Congress.
He owned six slaves of his own but opposed including slaves in determining representation (most slave owners supported counting slaves for the purposes of determining representation - as this would increase the power of Slave States) and believed that the absence of a jury in the U.S. Supreme Court gravely endangered freedom.
At the convention, Martin complained, the aggrandizement of particular states and individuals often had been pursued more avidly than the welfare of the country.
In June, when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify, the required threshold had been reached, and the new Constitution took effect.
In the first case, Martin won an acquittal for his close friend Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase in his impeachment trial in 1805.
Eventually, he was taken in by Aaron Burr, whom he had defended at this disgraced ex-vice president's 1807 trial for treason.
By this time, detestation of Thomas Jefferson, his one-time decentralist ally, led Martin to embrace the Federalist Party, in apparent repudiation of everything he had argued for so strenuously.
On July 8, 1826, at the age of 78, he died in Aaron Burr's home in New York City and was buried in an unmarked grave in St. John's churchyard.
The Tijāniyyah () is a sufi tariqa (order, path) within sufism, originating in North Africa but now more widespread in West Africa, particularly in Senegal, The Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Niger, Chad, Ghana, Northern and South-western Nigeria and some part of Sudan.
Tijānīs, speaking for the poor, reacted against the then-dominant conservative, hierarchical Qadiriyyah brotherhood, focusing on social reform and grassroots Islamic revival.
Although several other Sufi orders overshadow the Tijāniyyah in its birthplace of North Africa, the order has become the largest Sufi order in West Africa and continues to expand rapidly.
It was brought to southern Mauritania around 1789 by Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ of the 'Idaw `Ali tribe, which was known for its many Islamic scholars and leaders and was predominantly Qādirī at the time.
Nearly the entire tribe became Tijānī during Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ's lifetime, and the tribe's influence would facilitate the Tijāniyya's rapid expansion to sub-Saharan Africa.
Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ's disciple Sidi Mawlūd Vāl initiated the 19th-century Fulbe leader Al-Ḥājj Umar Tall (Allaaji Omar Taal) and the Fulbe cleric `Abd al-Karīm an-Nāqil from Futa Jalon (modern Guinea) into the order.
After receiving instruction from Muḥammad al-Ghālī from 1828 to 1830 in Makka, Umar Tall was appointed Khalīfa (successor or head representative) of Aḥmed at-Tijānī for all of the Western Sudan (Western sub-Saharan Africa).
Umar Tall then led a holy war against what he saw as corrupt regimes in the area, resulting in a large but fleeting empire in Eastern Senegal and Mali.
While Umar Tall's political empire soon gave way to French colonialism, the more long-standing result was to spread Islam and the Tijānī Order through much of what is now Senegal, Guinea, and Mali (see Robinson, 1985).
The Tijānī order was spread to the south by another jihadist, Màbba Jaxu Ba, a contemporary of Umar Tall who founded a similar Islamic state in Senegal's Saalum area.
Sheikh Ibrahima Niass's late grandson and former Imam of Medina Baye, Shaykh Hassan Cisse, has thousands of American disciples and has founded a large educational and developmental organization, the African American Islamic Institute, in Medina Baye with branches in other parts of the world.
The Hamawiyyah branch, founded by Shaykh Hamallah, is centered in Nioro, Mali, and is also present in Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Niger.
It was Cherno Muhammadou Jallow along with Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal who first received the tarikha Tijaniyya in the senegambia region.
Cherno Muhammadou waited for the tarikha for over twelve years in Saint Louis Senegal, where Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal sent his Student Cherno Abubakr.
These disciples range from Mam Mass Kah of Medina Mass Kah, Abdoulaye Niass of medina Kaolock, Cherno Alieu Deme Of NDiaye Kunda Senegal, Cherno Alieu Diallo of Djanet In Kolda to name a few.
Cherno Muhammadou passed it to his son Cherno Omar Who later passed to his son Cherno Muhammadou Baba Jallow who later went on looking for his grandfather (Cherno Muhammadou Jallow) Whom he later found in the Cassamance.
After discovering his grandfathers grave, Cherno Baba created a community and named it Sobouldeh and started an annual Ziarre where thousands converge to honor him yearly.
Such meetings may involve simple repetition as a group or call-response, in which one or more leaders lead the chant and others repeat or otherwise respond.
Cúa (founded in 1690) is a small city capital of the Urdaneta Municipality, located in the Miranda State (Estado Miranda) in the north of Venezuela with an altitude of 490 m. Cúa is noted for warm and clear weather, with year-round sunshine and 60 days of rainfall annually, and an average temperature that range from 18 °C to 28 °C, but with relative low humidity.
With leafy forest and meadows, Cúa has a population of 123,000 (2004), mainly dedicated to services and industry (plastic pipes, paper rolls) it's a dormitory town.
The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of seven councillors, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws.
The Petrified Forest is a 1936 American film directed by Archie Mayo and based on Robert E. Sherwood's 1935 Broadway drama of the same name.
In the midst of the Great Depression, Alan Squier (Howard), a failed British writer, now a disillusioned, penniless drifter, wanders into a somewhat frowzy roadside diner in the remote town of Black Mesa, Arizona, at the edge of the Petrified Forest.
The diner is run by Jason Maple (Porter Hall), his daughter Gabrielle (Davis), and Gramp, Jason's father (Charley Grapewin), who regales anyone who will listen with stories of his adventures in the Old West with such characters as Billy the Kid.
She now sends poetry to Gabrielle, who dreams of moving to Bourges, where her parents first met, to become an artist.
Alan tells his story—how he wrote one novel, then lived in France for eight years with his publisher's wife, trying to write another—and Gabrielle is instantly smitten with him.
Boze Hertzlinger (Dick Foran), a beefy diner employee who has wooed Gabrielle in vain, grows jealous of Alan, who decides to leave forthwith.
He mooches a ride from wealthy tourists Mr. and Mrs. Chisholm (Paul Harvey and Genevieve Tobin); but after only a few minutes on the road they encounter Duke Mantee (Bogart), a notorious gangster fleeing a massive police pursuit, whose car has broken down.
Duke and his gang seize the Chisholms' car and drive to the diner, where Duke has arranged to rendezvous with his girlfriend, Doris, on their way to Mexico.
Boze snatches a rifle and gets the drop on Duke, but during a momentary distraction Duke draws his pistol and shoots Boze in the hand, regaining control.
As police and federal agents converge on the diner, Duke prepares to flee, announcing that he will take Mr. and Mrs. Chisholm with him.
Inspired by Boze's act of courage, Alan has an inspiration: while Gabrielle is in the back room bandaging Boze's hand, he produces a life insurance policy from his bag and amends it, making Gabrielle the beneficiary.
Alan dies in Gabrielle's arms, secure in the knowledge that she, unlike the rest, will escape her dead-end existence to pursue her dreams.
Bogart, who won the stage role in part because of his physical resemblance to Dillinger, studied film footage of the gangster and mimicked some of his mannerisms in his portrayal.
For the film, Warner Brothers intended to cast the more bankable Edward G. Robinson as Duke; but Howard, whose contract gave him final script control, informed the studio that he would not appear in the movie version without Bogart as his co-star.
In 1952, Bogart and Lauren Bacall named their daughter Leslie Howard Bogart in honor of Howard, who had been killed in a plane crash when the German air force shot down his BOAC flight from Lisbon to Bristol during World War II.
In the late 1990s Bacall donated the only known kinescope of the 1955 performance to the Museum Of Television & Radio (now the Paley Center for Media), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles.
Stranger on the Third Floor is a 1940 American film noir directed by Boris Ingster and starring Peter Lorre, John McGuire, and Margaret Tallichet, and featuring Elisha Cook Jr..
Nonetheless, it has many of the hallmarks of film noir: an urban setting, heavy shadows, diagonal lines, voice-over narration, a dream sequence, low camera angles shooting up multi-story staircases, and an innocent protagonist desperate to clear himself after being falsely accused of a crime.
His evidence – that he saw the accused, Joe Briggs, standing over the body of a man in a diner – is instrumental in having Briggs found guilty.
Afterwards, Ward's fiancée Jane begins worrying that Ward may not have been correct in what he saw; eventually Ward becomes haunted by this question.
In addition, the work of special effects artist Vernon L. Walker was excellent, despite the constraints of a B movie budget, and the score of Roy Webb, who was RKO's house composer at the time, contributes significantly to the film's mood.
High Sierra is a 1941 heist film and early film noir written by W.R. Burnett and John Huston from the novel by Burnett.
The film features Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart and was directed by Raoul Walsh on location at Whitney Portal, halfway up Mount Whitney in the Sierra Nevada of California.
The film cemented a strong personal and professional connection between Bogart and Huston, and provided the breakthrough in Bogart's career, transforming him from supporting player to leading man.
An aged gangster, Big Mac (Donald MacBride), is planning a robbery at a fashionable California resort hotel in the fictional resort town of Tropico Springs, California.
He wants the experienced Roy Earle (Humphrey Bogart), just released from an eastern prison by a governor's pardon, to lead the heist and to take charge of the operation.
Roy drives across the country to a camp in the mountains to meet up with the three men who will assist him in the heist: Louis Mendoza (Cornel Wilde), who works as a clerk in the hotel, plus Red (Arthur Kennedy) and Babe (Alan Curtis), who are already living at the camp.
On the drive up to the mountains, Roy meets the family of Velma (Joan Leslie), a young woman with a clubbed foot who walks with a limp.
Roy pays for corrective surgery to allow Velma to walk normally, despite her grandfather's warning that Velma has a boyfriend back home.
While she is recovering, Roy asks Velma to marry him but she refuses, explaining that she is engaged to a man from back home.
Roy makes his getaway with Marie, but Mendoza, Red, and Babe are involved in a car crash, killing Red and Babe.
Roy is pursued until he climbs one of the Sierra mountains, where he fires shots at the police and then holes up overnight.
Shortly after sunrise, Roy hears Pard barking, runs out calling Marie's name and is shot dead from behind by a sharpshooter.
Bogart had to persuade director Walsh to hire him for the role since Walsh envisioned Bogart as a supporting player rather than a leading man.
Mr. Bogart plays the leading role with a perfection of hard-boiled vitality, and Ida Lupino, Arthur Kennedy, Alan Curtis and a newcomer named Joan Leslie handle lesser roles effectively.
He is kind to the mongrel dog (Zero) that travels with him, befriends a taxi dancer (Ida Lupino) who becomes his moll, and goes out of his way to help a crippled girl (Joan Leslie).
In September 1924, Quesada enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps as a flying cadet and was commissioned as a reserve officer a year later.
He had a wide variety of assignments as aide to senior officers, military attaché and technical adviser to other air forces, and in intelligence.
As a junior officer, Quesada became interested in the concept of close air support of ground forces, which was thoroughly developed by the 9th AF during his time as commander in North Africa and Europe.
Quesada was instrumental in developing many of the principles of tactical air-ground warfare for the Ninth Air Force during the European campaign.
Innovations attributed to him included adapting a microwave early warning radar (MEW) for real-time direction of fighter bombers that were already in-flight, as well as placing pilots as forward air controllers inside tanks equipped with VHF aircraft radios on the front lines.
This latter technique allowed for direct ground communication with overhead fighter-bombers by personnel who understood what pilots needed to identify ground targets.
Besides reducing friendly fire incidents, such tactics allowed attacking ground troops to use close air support with greater precision and speed, allowing for air cover to take the place of artillery support in a rapid armored advance.
In 1946, Quesada was appointed as the first commander of the Tactical Air Command (TAC) and later promoted to lieutenant general in the newly independent U.S. Air Force.
However, Quesada quickly became disillusioned as he saw how TAC was being ignored while funding and promotions were largely going to the Strategic Air Command.
In December 1948, Air Force Chief of Staff Hoyt Vandenberg stripped TAC of its planes and pilots and reduced its status to that of a planning headquarters under the newly formed Continental Air Command.
Strategic airpower advocates such as General Curtis LeMay gained a lock on the budget for the Air Force in the post-World War II years, and the Air Force's tactical air warfare ability suffered.
Quesada thus asked for reassignment and was given a dead-end job by Vandenberg as head of a committee to find ways to combine the Air Force Reserves and Air National Guard.
Quesada was removed from this job after only two months, as his blunt and impatient nature only served to stir up controversy in this near-impossible task.
The onset of the Korean War resulted in the re-formation of TAC, headed by Quesada's friend, General Otto P. Weyland, who led the XIX TAC during World War II.
Mrs. Quesada had two daughters from her previous marriage; the Quesadas had two sons of their own: Thomas Ricardo Quesada and Peter Wickham Quesada.
In 1957, he became President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Special Adviser for Aviation, leading to his appointment as first administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (At that time a cabinet level agency known as the Federal Aviation Agency-FAA) from 1959-61.
Smith had lobbied for this rule on the grounds that young pilots with experience serving in World War II and the Korean War would be cheap and easy to train for the new jetliners.
The age 60 rule went into effect in 1960 and remained in effect until 2007, although Quesada's proposal to limit jetliners to ex-military personnel was ignored along with an additional suggestion of his that jetliner training be limited to pilots under 55.
Smith rewarded Quesada handsomely for his help; after the latter stepped down as FAA chairman in 1961, he was granted a seat on American Airlines' board of directors.
He later became President and Chief Executive Officer of the L'Enfant Plaza Corporation, a private corporation that successfully partnered with the Federal government to develop L'Enfant Plaza.
He later became a member of the Temporary Commission on Pennsylvania Avenue, a precursor of the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation, which helped redevelop Pennsylvania Avenue NW between the White House and the United States Capitol.
Ocumare del Tuy is noted for warm and clear weather, with year-round sunshine and 60 days of rainfall annually, and an average temperature that ranges from 64 to 83 °F (18 to 28 °C), but with relatively low humidity.
Ocumare del Tuy has a population of around 160,000 (2005), mainly dedicated to agriculture (cocoa, coffee, sugar cane) and livestock farming (pigs, but also cattle), with leafy forest and meadows.
Ocumare del Tuy was the capital of the state of Miranda between 1904 and 1928, when it moved to Petare and later to Los Teques.
Icelandic hip hop is hip hop culture from Iceland, which includes hip hop music and rapping, breakdancing by b-girls and b-boys, and graffiti artists and graffiti writers.
Early hip hop groups included Quarashi, Subterranean, Team 13 (which later became Twisted Minds), Multifunctionals, Oblivion, Bounce Brothers and Hip Hop Elements (later named Kritikal Mazz).
Subsequent artists included Bæjarins bestu, Móri, Afkvæmi Guðanna (The Offspring of the Gods), Bent og 7Berg (Bent and 7Berg), Skytturnar (The Marksmen), Hæsta Hendin (The Highest Hand) and Forgotten Lores.
The first major hip hop crew from Iceland was Quarashi, who were inspired by the rock hybrid music of Beastie Boys and Rage Against the Machine.
Around the same time Quarashi released their first album, several rap groups were formed such as Subterranean which are considered to have released one of Icelandic hiphop's biggest classics, Central Magnetizm.
Other groups included Team 13 (which later became Twisted Minds), Multifunctionals, Oblivion, Bounce Brothers and Hip Hop Elements (later named Kritikal Mazz).
During that time the first crew rapping entirely in Icelandic came forward with aggressive radio singles: that band was Sækópah and consisted of the rappers BlazRoca and Sesar A.
XXX Rottweiler (formerly known as 110 Rottweilerhundar), along with Sesar A, published the first all Icelandic hip hop albums in Iceland in 2001.
In 2002 a new wave of rappers had followed their lead by rapping exclusively in Icelandic: Bæjarins bestu, the freestyle battle champs of Iceland in one unit, Móri, a gangsta rapper who uses Icelandic, Afkvæmi Guðanna (The Offspring of the Gods), Bent og 7Berg (Bent and 7Berg), Skytturnar (The Marksmen), Hæsta Hendin (The Highest Hand) and Forgotten Lores.
Most of these groups have stopped making music, and other artists and bands have started to make a name for themselves in the Icelandic hip hop culture.
The most active artists today include Gísli Palmi, Þriðja Hæðin (The Third Floor), Cell 7, Kilo, Shadez of Reykjavík, Úlfur Úlfur, Aron Can, GKR, Alexander Jarl, Agust Bent and Emmsjé Gauti.
One of the largest hip hop events is Rímnaflæði in Miðberg, a freestyle competition where young MCs and rap bands (usually ages sixteen and younger) compete by rapping a single song on stage.
It grew popular in a short amount of time, but by the beginning of the 1990s it had all but faded out.
The Graffiti scene first took off in Iceland around 1991 with writers such as ONE, Pharokees, Atom, Sharq, Kez and Youze.
With his arrival on the scene the style took a big step forward and he is the most potent individual for Icelandic Graffiti.
He then taught in various colleges until, in 1865, he was appointed professor of classical philology at the University of Berlin, where he remained for the rest of his life.
The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet, was signed on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg, Russia.
It ended the longstanding rivalry in Central Asia and enabled the two countries to outflank the Germans, who were threatening to connect Berlin to Baghdad with a new railroad that would probably align the Ottoman Empire with Germany.
The United Kingdom promised to stay out of northern Persia, and Russia recognized southern Persia as part of the British sphere of influence.
, The convention brought shaky British–Russian relations to the forefront by solidifying boundaries that identified respective control in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet.
It delineated spheres of influence in Persia, stipulated that neither country would interfere in Tibet's internal affairs and recognized Britain's influence over Afghanistan.
During the last third of the nineteenth century, the Russian Empire's advances into Central Asia and the consolidation of the British Empire's domination of South Asia led to intense rivalry between the two European colonial empires.
The conflicting interests centered on Afghanistan, Iran, and Tibet, three states that constituted buffers between Britain's and Russia's colonial possessions in Asia.
The emergence of the German Empire as a world power and the defeat in 1905 of Russia by a nascent Asian power, the Empire of Japan, in the Russo-Japanese War, helped to persuade some British and Russian officials of a need to resolve their respective differences in Asia.
There was talk of an entente during 1880's and 1890's, especially after the occupation of Egypt and possible French and Russian aggression but following the Crimean war there was stiff resistance to this idea in England.
In the leadup to the convention, there were discussions on the Straits question.Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs since December 1905, Sir Edward Grey, thought entente with Russia a good idea.
...if Russia accepts, cordially and whole-heartedly, our intention to preserve the peaceable possession of our Asiatic possessions, then I am quite sure that in this country no government will make it its business to thwart or obstruct Russia's policy in Europe.
I think some change in the direction desired by Russia would be admissible and we should be prepared to discuss the question if Russia introduces it.
On May 20, 1882, Germany entered into the Triple Alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary, complementing its industrial and socio-political climb in the world arena.
While Britain and Russia were skeptical of Germany's imperialistic motives, members of the Triple Alliance were in turn somewhat threatened by Britain's and Russia's aggressive foreign policy tactics and wealth derived from their colonies.
Germany's Middle East took a secondary position, one subordinate to Germany's primary policy toward Europe and America, throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
While of secondary importance, it was a tool that was used to manipulate the Middle Eastern attempt to play off the Western powers against each other.
In 1905, revolutionary activity spread throughout Tehran, forcing the shah to accept a constitution, allow the formation of a majles (parliamentary assembly), and hold elections.
Major figures in the revolution had secular goals, which then created rifts in the clergy to the advantage of the monarchy.
Neither Britain nor Russia approved of the new liberal, unstable, political arrangement, as preferred a stable puppet government that submitted to foreign concessions and worked well with their imperialist goals.
The division of Persia reinforced Great Power control over these respective territorial and economic interests in the country as well as allowed for contrived interference in Persia's political system.
With respect to Iran, the agreement recognized the country's strict independence and integrity but then divided it into three separate zones.
The agreement designated all of northern Iran, which bordered Russia's possessions in Transcaucasia and Central Asia, as an exclusive sphere of influence for Russian interests.
The northern zone was defined as beginning at Qasr-e Shirin in the west, on the border with the Ottoman Empire, and running through Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd to the eastern border, where the frontiers of Afghanistan, Iran, and Russia intersected.
The area separating these two spheres, including part of central Iran and the entire southwest, was designated a neutral zone in which both countries and their respective private citizens could compete for influence and commercial privileges.
Although not in a position to prevent Britain and Russia from implementing the agreement, the Iranian government refused to recognize the accord's legitimacy since it threatened the country's integrity and independence.
Iranian nationalists, in particular, felt aggravated by Britain, a country that they had considered as a democratic beacon during the Constitutional Revolution.
Thus, an important legacy of the agreement was the growth of anti-British sentiment and other anti-Western attitudes as strong components of Iranian nationalism.
The agreement did not eliminate all competition between the two powers with respect to their policies in Iran, but after 1907, broad co-operation was fostered, often to the detriment of Iranian interests.
The strengthening of the German Empire, the creation of the Triple Alliance of 1882, and the exacerbation of Franco-German and Russo-German contradictions at the end of the 1880s led to a common foreign policy and mutual strategic military interests between France and Russia.
The history of the alliance dates to the beginning of the 1870s, to the contradictions engendered by the Franco-Prussian War and the Treaty of Frankfurt of 1871.
The Russian government had supported France during the war scare of 1875 when Russian and British protests forced Germany to stop threatening an attack on France.
In 1876, the German chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, attempted unsuccessfully to obtain from Russia a guarantee to preserve the territory of Alsace-Lorraine as part of Germany in exchange for unconditional support by Germany for Russian policy in the East.
However, after the Berlin Congress of 1878, French diplomacy, in aiming at a rapprochement with Great Britain and Germany, assumed a hostile position vis-à-vis Russia.
France's alienation from Russia and her policy of colonial seizures lasted until 1885 when the Franco-German contradictions became heightened after the French defeat in Annam.
In concluding the so-called Reinsurance Treaty with Germany in 1887, Russia insisted on maintaining for France the same conditions that Germany had stipulated for its ally, Austria.
At the end of the 1880s and the beginning of the 1890s, Russia received a number of large loans from France.
The deterioration of Russo-German relations, the resurrection of the Triple Alliance in 1891, and the rumors that Great Britain would join the alliance laid the grounds for the conclusion of a political agreement between Russia and France.
During a visit by a French squadron to Kronstadt in July 1891, the agreement of 1891 was concluded in the form of an exchange of letters between the ministers of foreign affairs.
France was interested significantly more than Russia in a military alliance and endeavored to supplement the 1891 agreement with military obligations.
As a result of the negotiations, the representatives of the Russian and French general staffs signed a military convention on August 17 (August 5 in Russian calendar), 1892, which provided for mutual military aid in the event of a German attack.
By an exchange of letters between December 27 (December 15), 1893, and January 4, 1894 (December 23, 1893), both governments announced their ratification of the military convention.
During the preparatory period and the first years of the existence of the Russo-French Alliance, the determining role was played by Russia, but in time the situation altered.
This had a significant effect on the course and outcome of the war since it forced Germany from the first days of the war to fight on two fronts.
This led to the defeat of Germany the battle of the Marne, to the collapse of the Schlieffen Plan, and finally to the defeat of Germany.
Translocations can be balanced (in an even exchange of material with no genetic information extra or missing, and ideally full functionality) or unbalanced (where the exchange of chromosome material is unequal resulting in extra or missing genes).
However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations have increased risks of creating gametes with unbalanced chromosome translocations, leading to Infertility, miscarriages or children with abnormalities.
It is important to distinguish between chromosomal translocations occurring in gametogenesis, due to errors in meiosis, and translocations that occur in cellular division of somatic cells, due to errors in mitosis.
Somatic translocations, on the other hand, result in abnormalities featured only in the affected cell line, as in chronic myelogenous leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome translocation.
The reciprocal exchange of parts gives rise to one large metacentric chromosome and one extremely small chromosome that may be lost from the organism with little effect because it contains few genes.
This has no direct effect on the phenotype, since the only genes on the short arms of acrocentrics are common to all of them and are present in variable copy number (nucleolar organiser genes).
Carriers of Robertsonian translocations are not associated with any phenotypic abnormalities, but there is a risk of unbalanced gametes that lead to miscarriages or abnormal offspring.
The paleoanthropological site self-proclaimed as the Cradle of Humankind is located about northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, in the Gauteng province.
According to existing archaeological and fossil evidence, the Cradle of Humankind is the Horn of Africa and along with East Africa it is often referred to as the Cradle of Humanity.
In 1948, the Camp-Peabody Expedition from the United States worked at Bolts Farm and Gladysvale looking for fossil hominids but failed to find any.
He then initiated his three-decade work at Swartkrans cave, which resulted in the recovery of the second-largest sample of hominid remains from the Cradle.
The oldest controlled use of fire by Homo erectus was also discovered at Swartkrans and dated to over 1 million years ago.
In 1966, Phillip Tobias began his excavations of Sterkfontein which are still continuing and are the longest continuously running fossil excavations in the world.
In 1991, Lee Berger of the University of the Witwatersrand discovered the first hominid specimens from the Gladysvale site, making this the first new early hominid site to be discovered in South Africa in 48 years.
In 1997, Kevin Kuykendall and Colin Menter of the University of the Witwatersrand found two fossil hominid teeth at the site of Gondolin.
In October 2013, Berger commissioned geologist Pedro Boshoff to investigate cave systems in the Cradle of Humankind for the express purpose of discovering more fossil hominin sites.
Cavers Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker discovered hominid fossils in a previously unexplored area of the Rising Star/Westminster Cave System assigned site designation UW-101.
In November 2013, Berger led a joint expedition of the University of the Witwatersrand and National Geographic Society to the Rising Star Cave System near Swartkrans.
In just three weeks of excavation, the six-woman international team of advance speleological scientists (K. Lindsay Eaves, Marina Elliott, Elen Feuerriegel, Alia Gurtov, Hannah Morris, and Becca Peixotto), chosen for their paleoanthropological and caving skills, as well as their small size, recovered over 1,200 specimens of a presently unidentified fossil hominin species.
In the last days of the Rising Star Expedition, cavers Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker discovered additional fossil hominid material in another portion of the cave system.
The hominin remains at the Cradle of Humankind are found in dolomitic caves and are often encased in a mixture of limestone and other sediments called breccia and fossilised over time.
Hominids may have lived all over Africa, but their remains are found only at sites where conditions allowed for the formation and preservation of fossils.
North Toronto is a former town and informal district located in the northern part of the Old Toronto district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Currently occupying a geographically central location within the city of Toronto, the Town of North Toronto was incorporated in 1890, when much of the area was still farmland, and annexed by the old city of Toronto in 1912.
The former town was bounded on the south by Moore Avenue east to Bayview Avenue, north to Eglinton Avenue, west to Bruce, north to Fairfield, west to the west boundary of Mount Hope Cemetery, then north to north of Glen Echo, west to Yonge, north to north of McNairn Avenue, then west to a line just west of Elm Road.
The boundary continues south to just north of Glenview Avenue and Avenue Road, then west to a line with Proudfoot Avenue, then south to just north of Briar Hill, then south on Castlewood to Roselawn, then south on Latimer to Eglinton Avenue.
The boundary continues east on Eglinton to Elmsthorpe, then south to the former rail line south of Chaplin Crescent, then east to Yonge.
The streetcar was replaced in 1954 by the Toronto Transit Commission's Yonge subway as far as Eglinton Avenue and a trolleybus running north from there, which was replaced in turn by a subway extension in 1973.
The neighbourhood has had a mixed-density design for some time, but this is rapidly changing to a greater density with the construction of residential condominium buildings in the area.
The southern part of the neighbourhood is densely populated, with the entire section between Yonge Street and Mount Pleasant Road south of Davisville Avenue built up with high rise apartment buildings.
More recently, condo buildings have further added to this density, especially south of Merton Street (backing onto historic Mount Pleasant Cemetery).
Additional condo developments have begun on Mount Pleasant Road, and the existing medium-rise dwellings southeast of Yonge and Eglinton have been joined by developer Minto's Quantum towers of 37 and 54 stories.
South of the cemetery are trails in two ravines of the former Mud Creek and Yellow Creek, which lead to the Don River.
On the north side of the cemetery is the Beltline Trail, a heavily used pedestrian and cycling path on the route of a former railway line.
The path goes northwest to Eglinton Avenue, then curves west, and ends at the William R. Allen Road, known locally as the Allen Expressway.
Other green spaces includes Eglinton Park just west of Yonge Street and Alexander Muir Memorial Gardens at Yonge Street and Lawrence Avenue, which connects to Sherwood Ravine Park and Sunnybrook Park to the east.
North Toronto is served by north-south commercial strips on Yonge Street, Mount Pleasant Road, and Bayview Avenue, and an east-west strip on Eglinton Avenue.
These offer an array of shopping and dining aimed primarily at the local market, and as with many main streets in Toronto neighbourhoods, are largely given to small, locally owned shops in free-standing buildings.
The corner of Yonge and Eglinton features the Yonge Eglinton Centre complex, which includes a shopping mall, multiplex cinema, and both office and residential towers; and Canada Square, an office complex with a small shopping concourse and another, older multiplex.
The headquarters of Canadian Tire, TVOntario, RioCan, Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Toronto Transit Commission are located in North Toronto.
Libraries can be found on Bayview Avenue, at Yonge and Lawrence, and near Yonge and Eglinton, along with a children's-focused library on Mount Pleasant.
There are two community centres in North Toronto; Central Eglinton Community Centre, at Eglinton and Redpath, offers a wide variety of programs and services for caregivers & young children, adults.
What was once North America's largest bridge club, Kate Buckman's, was on Mount Pleasant near Eglinton for many years until its closure in 2007; the Toronto Bridge Club is on St. Clair near Yonge.
In United States politics, the China lobby is a phrase to describe special interest groups acting on behalf of the governments of either the People's Republic of China; or groups acting on the behalf of Republic of China (Taiwan) to influence Sino-American relations; or those in the U.S. who lobby for what they deem as pro-Chinese American policies and closer Sino-American relations.
Before increased Sino-American engagement following the 1972 Nixon visit to China, and the American recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1979, the PRC lobby was overshadowed by representatives of Taiwan's interests.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War (which took place simultaneously with World War II), the China lobby helped convince Congress to donate hard cash and many tons of war material in support of Chiang Kai-shek's war against the Japanese in China and Indochina even before formal American entrance into the Second World War following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The Committee of One Million Against the Admission of Red China to the United Nations, which later changed its name to The Committee of One Million Against the Admission of Communist China to the United Nations was the dominant lobby on Sino-Americans issues until the U.S. and PRC began an opening of relations and the PRC was admitted to the U.N., becoming a member of the U.N. Security Council.
During the 1970s, the China (ROC) lobby itself campaigned furiously to prevent American recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC), but its efforts proved to be unsuccessful and the PRC was recognized by the United States in 1979.
Occurring from February 21 to 28, 1972, the visit allowed the American public to view images of China for the first time in over two decades.
Throughout the week the President and his most senior advisers engaged in substantive discussions with the PRC, including a meeting with Chairman Mao Zedong, while First Lady Pat Nixon toured schools, factories and hospitals in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou with the large American press corps in tow.
In an effort to build toward formal diplomatic relations, the US and the PRC established a United States Liaison Office (USLO) in Beijing and a counterpart PRC office in Washington.
In 1973 to 1978, such distinguished Americans as David K. E. Bruce, George H. W. Bush, Thomas S. Gates, Jr., and Leonard Woodcock served as chiefs of the USLO with the personal rank of ambassador.
China made clear that it considered the Soviet Union its chief adversary, and urged the United States to be powerful, thereby distracting Moscow.
Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, Carter's National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, and senior staff member of the National Security Council Michel Oksenberg encouraged Carter to seek full diplomatic and trade relations with China.
In 1979 the Taiwan Relations Act was signed by President Carter, which committed the United States to provide military and other support for Taiwan and provided guidelines for future trade and other relations.
China lobbied to gain business from the United States, and companies began to flock to China to take advantage of the new opportunities made possible by trade laws.
In 1982 after additional negotiations concerning coordinating positions regarding the Soviet Union and Taiwan, the United States and China released another joint communiqué, the Third Communiqué, by which the United States agreed to reduce its arms sales to Taiwan and China agreed to emphasize a peaceful resolution of the Taiwan issue.
In 1986 China joined the Asian Development Bank and applied for membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
The United States at the time did not support China's entry into the latter two organizations because of reservations about the degree of openness of China's economy.
In 1989 in the aftermath of the Chinese military crackdown on demonstrations in Beijing's Tiananmen Square in the spring, the United States and other nations imposed economic sanctions on China, and many U.S. citizens evacuated the country.
President Clinton had in 1993 tied the annual review of Most Favored Nation trading status to China's record on human rights, a decision that was in keeping with popular opinion on China.
When this status came up for renewal the next year, Clinton reversed this position and granted China MFN without requiring any changes regarding human rights.
Late in 1999 in the year, after lobbying by China, the two sides finally came to an agreement and China was able to join the WTO.
The annual debate over China's trading status within the United States was ended when President Clinton decided to grant China permanent Normal Trade Relations (NTR, formerly MFN).
In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the PRC lobby has focused on playing up common interests with the United States in the War on Terrorism.
The PRC lobby has also tried to counter the domestic American interest groups which seek to bring pressure upon the PRC to move from a fixed currency to a floating currency.
In 2004, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) created a working group to look at new ways for outward immigration to benefit China, a policy that was first initiated in 1985.
Bush (who had been instrumental in opening China to U.S. investment and bilateral trade as the Ambassador to the PRC) in 2011 incorporated an accounting firm called LehmanBush with veteran China lawyer Edward Lehman.
In 2002, Bush signed a consulting contract that paid $2 million in stock over five years to work for Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp., a firm backed by Jiang Mianheng, the son of former Communist Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin, plus $10,000 for every board meeting he attends.
Stripes is a 1981 American buddy military comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman and starring Bill Murray, Harold Ramis, Warren Oates, P. J. Soles, Sean Young, and John Candy.
John Winger is a cab driver in Louisville who, in the span of a few hours, loses his job, his apartment, his car, and his girlfriend.
Talking his best friend Russell Ziskey, a teacher of English as a second language, into joining with him, they go to a recruiting office and are soon sent off to basic training.
Hulka is injured when Stillman, trying to impress a visiting colonel, orders a mortar crew to fire without setting target coordinates.
The rest of the platoon are returned to base, where a furious Stillman threatens to make them all repeat basic training.
After partying with Stella and Louise, the buddies return to the barracks, and John motivates the platoon with a passionate speech and begins to get them in shape for graduation.
When Stillman finds the EM-50 missing, he launches an unauthorized mission to get the vehicle back before his superiors find out it is gone.
He makes a mayday radio call that is heard by John and Russell, who realize that the platoon came looking for them and are now in danger.
Upon returning to the US, John, Russell, Louise, Stella, and Hulka are treated as heroes, each being awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
Len Blum and Dan Goldberg wrote the screenplay in Toronto and read it to Reitman, who was in Los Angeles, over the phone.
Reitman then suggested to Goldberg that they change the two main characters to ones suited for Bill Murray and Harold Ramis, figuring if they could get Ramis interested and let him tailor the script for the two of them, he could convince Murray to do it.
P. J. Soles reported that Dennis Quaid had read for the role of Russell and that Ramis was reluctant to appear in the film, but that Murray told Ramis he did not wish to work with anyone else and would leave the film unless he played the other principal.
Goldberg knew John Candy from Toronto and told Reitman that he should be in the film; he was not required to audition.
Reitman was a fan of the westerns that Warren Oates had been in and wanted someone who was strong and that everyone respected to control the film's misfit platoon.
During filming one of the obstacle courses scenes, Reitman told the actors to grab Oates and drag him into the mud without telling the veteran actor about it to see what would happen and get a genuine reaction.
The spatula scene in the kitchen of the general's house was filmed at three in the morning, after the cast and crew had been up the entire day.
The production was allowed to shoot the army base scenes at Fort Knox, the city scenes in Louisville, and the Czechoslovakia scenes at the closed Chapeze Distillery (owned by Jim Beam) in Clermont, with a budget of $9–10million and a 42-day shooting schedule.
Reitman, Goldberg, and Ramis were involved in a detailed negotiation with the Department of Defense to make the film conducive to the recruiting needs of the military, in exchange for subsidies in the form of free labor and location and equipment access.
Dunn remembered Candy inviting the men in the platoon to his house while filming was under way, for a homemade spaghetti dinner and to watch the famous Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Roberto Durán II No Más Fight (November 25, 1980).
It eventually grossed $85,297,000 in North America, making it the fifth most popular 1981 film at the U.S.A. and Canada box office.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 86% based on 36 reviews, with a rating average of 6.58/10.
The optional extended cut expands on several scenes and includes an excised subplot in which Winger and Ziskey (who takes six hits of Elmo's LSD under the impression that it is Dramamine) go AWOL by stowing away on a special forces paratrooper mission.
The entire area was granted to the English scientist Sir William Petty by Oliver Cromwell as part payment for completing the mapping of Ireland, the Down Survey in 1656.
Before him, a previous surveyor of Ireland, Sir Valentine Browne (1510-1589), ancestor of the Earl of Kenmare, was granted some lands in County Kerry during the resulting plantation, the Munster Plantation.
The three main streets that form a triangle in the centre of the town are called Main Street (originally William Street, after Sir William, 1st.
One of the largest stone circles in the south-west of Ireland is close to the town, and shows occupation in the area going back to the Bronze Age (2,200–500 B.C), when it was constructed.
The convent in the town, the Poor Clare Sisters, was founded in 1861 when five nuns including Sister Mary Frances Cusack (The Nun of Kenmare), who was also an author and publisher of many books, moved to Kenmare from their convent in Newry, County Down.
Under the guidance of Mother Abbess O'Hagan in 1864 a lace-working industry was established and Kenmare lace became noted worldwide.The convent no longer exists and Pobalscoil Inbhear Scéine secondary school occupies this site since 2001.
A suspension bridge, which is claimed to be the first in Ireland, over the Kenmare River was opened in 1841 and served the community till 1932 when it was replaced by a new concrete bridge.
During and after the Civil War (1922-1923), there were a number of incidents in Kenmare, including the killing of O'Connor brothers in September 1922 by Anti-Treaty forces, and an attack on the daughters of a local doctor in 1923 (the latter sometimes referred to as the 'Kenmare incident').
Kenmare was briefly held by Anti-Treaty forces during the Civil War, before being retaken by National Army troops in December 1922.
The library building is now home to the Carnegie Arts Centre and theatre, hosting a local drama group and a number of travelling productions each year, as well as music and comedy nights.
Buried in the church grounds is Monsignor P F Cremin (died 2001), who was a periitus or theological expert at Vatican II.
He was a native of Kenmare and had been Professor of Canon Law and Moral Theology at St Patrick's College, Maynooth from 1949 until 1980.
He was a brother of Con Cremin, an Irish diplomat, who represented Ireland in France and Germany during World War II and subsequently in Portugal, the Holy See, the United Kingdom and at the United Nations.
The town has been a winner in the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 2013, 2000 and was a runner-up in 2003 and 2008.
Since the late 1990s the tourism industry has driven local construction work, with land being sold at high prices to developers wishing to build estates of holiday homes.
This has led to an increase in the town's population, particularly during the peak tourist season, and prompted fears among some residents that the town is becoming overdeveloped and losing much of its identity.
Inter-county Gaelic footballers Mickey 'Ned' O'Sullivan, Stephen O'Brien and Paul O'Connor are from the Kenmare area, while Pat Spillane is from nearby Templenoe.
Kenmare was home to composer Ernest John Moeran for a number of years up to his death and a local bar was named after him - but has since been renamed.
The only fair which continues to be held is that of 15 August, which coincides with the Catholic Holy Day of Obligation marking the Assumption of Mary.
The N71 also connects Kenmare to Killarney on a mountainous and scenic part of the Ring of Kerry route via Moll's Gap and Ladies View.
In November 2014, the Eastern Relief Road was opened, allowing drivers from the R569 Kilgarvan Road to bypass the town centre when accessing the supermarkets and schools.
The town has a primary and secondary school, a public library, community hospital, as well as Catholic, Church of Ireland and Methodist churches.
competes in the Kerry District League at U17, Youth & Senior Men's/Women's level and in the Kerry Schoolboys/girls League for all underage teams.
Like almost all of her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, and never saw active service again.
Her firepower supported the landings at Fedhala, French Morocco on 8 November, and she remained on patrol until 12 November, returning to Norfolk on 24 November.
Her task force steamed to blast Buka Island and Bonis on 1 November in support of the troops invading Bougainville, dashed south the same day to neutralize bases in the Shortlands, and that night intercepted a Japanese force in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay which was to win her a Navy Unit Commendation.
She returned to Buka for another bombardment on 23 December, then patrolled between Truk and Green Island, Papua New Guinea from 13 to 18 February 1944 while American forces captured the latter.
One practice bombardment on 20 May brought return fire unexpectedly which straddled the ship, but unharmed, she quickly silenced the shore batteries.
She conducted softening-up bombardments and then gave fire support for invading troops until she joined TF 58 for the Battle of the Philippine Sea on 19–20 June.
She arrived in Subic Bay on 9 February 1945, and sailed on to bombard Corregidor on 13–14 February, effectively neutralizing the fortress before the landings there.
Continuing to support the consolidation of the Philippines, she covered the landings at Puerto Princesa, the Visayas, Panay, and the Malabang-Parang area on Mindanao.
She returned to Subic Bay on 15 June, then sailed to Manila to embark General of the Army Douglas MacArthur and his staff as observers of the assault on Balikpapan.
Arriving on 30 June, she fired in a pre-landing bombardment the next morning, and after General MacArthur had made an inspection tour of the landing area, got underway for Manila, arriving on 3 July.
From this base the force made a series of sweeps against Japanese shipping until 7 August to insure Allied control of the East China Sea.
She operated out of Newport on various training exercises, including a Naval Reserve training cruise to Bermuda in April 1946 and Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Quebec in June 1946, before reporting to Philadelphia for inactivation.
Providing service for the Red Line, the station serves residential and commercial areas of North Bethesda and Rockville and is located near the former White Flint Mall.
The development will include new zoning to allow taller buildings to be built closer to the station along with a new street grid to link what are now currently disjointed areas.
The station opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a , four-station northwestern extension of the Red Line between Grosvenor–Strathmore and Shady Grove stations.
White Flint was originally known as Nicholson Lane in planning documents, but the station was renamed after the White Flint Mall before it opened.
A pylon at Farragut North still bears the original name of the station; extensions were originally printed on pylons throughout the system and covered up until they opened.
Holy Family is a private, independent traditionalist Catholic chapel located behind a guarded gate at 30188 W. Mulholland Highway, Agoura Hills, California, United States.
They reject many or all of the reforms introduced by the Second Vatican Council and worship according to earlier Roman Catholic rites including the Tridentine Mass.
1790 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy was formed on 1 January 1945 at RNAS Burscough as a night fighter squadron.
It was initially equipped with the Fairey Firefly I, replaced in May 1945 by the Firefly INF, which was fitted with a US-derived ASV radar.
Twinbrook is a rapid transit station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro attached to the Twinbrook neighborhood of Rockville, Maryland.
Specifically, it lies to the east of the intersection of Rockville Pike and Halpine Road, the railway's right-of-way splitting the latter in two.
The county planning department released the Twinbrook Sector Plan in 2009, which acts as a guideline for mixed-use, walkable development around the station.
To fulfill this vision, the plan splits the surrounding area into three zones heading east: a mixed-use urban core area, a technology center, and a light industrial section.
In addition, it calls for the redesign of certain arterial roads in the neighborhood such as Twinbrook Parkway and Parklawn Drive as well as connecting dead-end streets to create a grid, aiding walkability.
The station opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a , four-station northwestern extension of the Red Line between Grosvenor–Strathmore and Shady Grove stations.
The station is one of the few on the system to have a single escalator serving the platform, usually set to carry passengers up.
The National League (NL) is a professional ice hockey league in Switzerland and is the top tier of the Swiss league system.
During the 2018–19 season, the league had an average of 6,949 spectators per game which is the highest among European leagues (ahead of the KHL with 6,397 and the DEL with 6,215).
The capital city's club SC Bern has been ranked first of all European clubs for 18 seasons and had an average attendance of 16,290 after the regular season.
The bottom four teams in the standings play a relegation tournament, called playouts, in which each team retains their regular season points and play an additional six matches.
Following those matches, the two bottom ranked teams will play each other in a best-of-seven series, with the loser then playing the winner of the Swiss League playoffs in a best-of-seven series for a spot in the successive NL season.
It is located two hundred yards away from the Garden Tomb, a popular site of Anglican, as well as other Protestant, pilgrimage and devotion.
Most missionaries present in Palestine at the time were Evangelical Anglicans, but Blyth was from the Anglo-Catholic party of the Church of England.
Finding that his use of St Paul's and Christ Church (both in Jerusalem) were limited, he resolved to found his own mission and build his own church.
Blyth was eager to restore relations with the Patriarch and as an Anglo-Catholic he had a great respect for the Patriarch's office.
Because of this he always called St George's a collegiate church rather than a cathedral, saying that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was the one and only cathedral church of the city of Jerusalem.
For this reason, St. George's contains a pool — a rarity in Anglican churches — which allows baptisms to be done through immersion, per Orthodox custom.
St. George's College is located on the grounds and offers continuing theological education for clergy and laity from around the world.
Theodore's cousin, Paeanius, to whom several of John Chrysostom's letters are addressed, held an important post of civil government; his brother Polychronius became bishop of the metropolitan see of Apamea.
Theodore first appears as the early companion and friend of Chrysostom, his fellow-townsman, his equal in rank, and but two or three years his senior in age.
Together with their common friend Maximus,who was later bishop of Isaurian Seleucia, Chrysostom and Theodore attended the lectures of the Greek-speaking teacher of rhetoric Libanius (Socr.
Chrysostom credits his friend with diligent study, but the luxurious life of polite Antioch seems to have received an equal share of his thoughts.
The three friends left Libanius and sought a retreat in the monastic school of Carterius and Diodorus, to which Basil was already attached.
Yet from the writings of Chrysostom it is clear he found joy in ascetic self-discipline, and he had just assumed a celibate life when he was fascinated by a girl named Hermione (Chrysostom ibid.
Chrysostom's connection with Diodore was probably broken off in 374, when he plunged into a more complete monastic seclusion; Theodore's seems to have continued until the elevation of Diodore to the see of Tarsus in 378.
During this period doubtless the foundations were laid of Theodore's understanding of the Bible and ecclesiastical doctrine, and he was imbued for life with the principles of scriptural interpretation which Diodore had inherited from an earlier generation of Antiochenes, and with the peculiar views of the Person of Christ into which the master had been led by his antagonism to Apollinaris of Laodicea.
He began with a commentary on the Psalms, in which the method of Diodore was exaggerated, and which he lived to repent of (Facund.
The orthodox at Antioch, it seems, resented the loss of the traditional Messianic interpretation, and, according to Hesychius of Jerusalem, Theodore was compelled to promise that he would commit his maiden work to the flames—a promise he contrived to evade (Mansi, ix.284).
The epithet seems to imply that Theodore was an adherent of the Meletian party, but there is no evidence that he was involved in the feuds which preoccupied the Catholics of Antioch during Flavian's office.
Theodore's great treatise on the Incarnation belongs to this period according to Gennadius, and possibly also more than one of his commentaries on the Old Testament.
Theodore is said by Hesychius to have left Antioch while yet a priest and remained in Tarsus until 392, when he was consecrated to the see of Mopsuestia on the death of Olympius, probably through the influence of Diodore.
Mopsuestia was a free town (Pliny) upon the Pyramus (Ceyhan) river, between Tarsus and Issus, some forty miles from either, and twelve from the sea.
In 394 he attended a synod at Constantinople on a question which concerned the see of Bostra in the patriarchate of Antioch.
While there, Theodore had the opportunity to preach before the emperor Theodosius I, who was then starting for his last journey to the West.
The sermon made a deep impression, and Theodosius, who had sat at the feet of Ambrose and Gregory Nazianzus, declared that he had never met with such a teacher (John of Antioch, ap.
204) thanks him profoundly for frequent though ineffectual efforts to obtain his release, and praises their friendship in such glowing terms that Theodore's enemies at the fifth Ecumenical Council made unsuccessful efforts to deny the identity of Chrysostom's correspondent with the bishop of Mopsuestia.
x.2) John begs him to retract, urging the example of Theodore, who, when in a sermon at Antioch he had said something which gave great and manifest offence, for the sake of peace and to avoid scandal, after a few days publicly corrected himself.
When in 418 the Pelagian leaders were deposed and exiled from the West, they sought in the East the sympathy of the chief living representative of the school of Antioch.
Mercator charges Theodore with having turned against Julian as soon as the latter had left Mopsuestia, and anathematized him in a provincial synod.
The synod can hardly be a fabrication, since Mercator was a contemporary writer; but it was very possibly convened, as Fritzsche suggests, without any special reference to the Pelagian question.
If Theodore then read his ecthesis, the anathema with which that ends might have been represented outside the council as a synodical condemnation of the Pelagian chiefs.
v.39) Theodore died at the age of seventy-eight, having been all his life engaged in controversy, and more than once in conflict with the popular notions of orthodoxy; yet he departed, as Facundus (ii.1) triumphantly points out, in the peace of the church and at the height of a great reputation.
This circumstance deepened the mistrust of the orthodox, and even in the East there were some who proceeded to condemn the teaching of Theodore.
Patriarch Proclus of Constantinople demanded from the bishops of Syria a condemnation of certain propositions supposed to have been drawn from the writings of Theodore.
viii.6), now under the influence of Rabbula took a decided attitude of opposition; he wrote to the synod of Antioch (Ep.
72), that had Theodore been still alive and openly approved of the teaching of Nestorius, he ought undoubtedly to have been anathematized; but as he was dead, it was enough to condemn the errors of his books, having regard to the terrible disturbances more extreme measures would excite in the East.
He collected and answered a series of propositions gathered from the writings of Diodore and Theodore, a work to which Theodoret replied shortly afterwards.
The ferment then subsided for a time, but the disciples of Theodore, repulsed in the West, pushed their way from Eastern Syria to Persia.
Ibas, who succeeded Rabbula in 435, restored the School of Edessa, and it continued to be a nursery of Theodore's theology till suppressed by Emperor Zeno in 489 and found refuge at Nisibis.
Among the Nestorians of Persia the writings of Theodore were regarded as the standard both of doctrine and of interpretation, and the Persian church returned the censures of the orthodox by pronouncing an anathema on all who opposed or rejected them (cf.
The fifth general council (553), under the influence of the emperor Justinian I, pronounced the anathema which neither Theodosius II nor Cyril thought to issue.
This condemnation of Theodore and his two supporters led to the Controversy of the Three Chapters but we may point out one result of Justinian's policy.
The African delegation objected not only to a decree which seemed to negate the authority of the councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon, but also violated the sanctity of the dead; they had no particular interest in Theodore's doctrine or method of interpretation.
But the stir about Theodore led to inquiry; his works, or portions of them, were translated and circulated in the West.
It is almost certainly to this cause that we owe the preservation in a Latin dress of at least one-half of Theodore's commentaries on Paul.
Published under the name of Ambrose of Milan, the work of Theodore passed from Africa into the monastic libraries of the West, was copied into the compilations of Rabanus Maurus and others, and in its fuller and its abridged form supplied the Middle Ages with an accepted interpretation of an important part of the Bible.
It was scarcely before the 19th century that justice was done by Western writers to the importance of the great Antiochene as a theologian, an expositor and a precursor of later thought.
A catalogue of such of his writings as were once extant in Syriac translations is given by Ebedjesu, Nestorian metropolitan of Soba), AD 1318 (J. S. Assem.
It is marked by his usual defects of style; it is nevertheless a considerable monument of his expository power, and the best illustration we possess of the Antiochene method of interpreting Old Testament prophecy.
A fortunate discovery in the 19th century gave us a complete Latin translation of the commentary on Galatians and the nine following epistles, which were published in two volumes by Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge: 1880, 1882).
The Latin, apparently the work of an African churchman of the time of the Fifth council, abounds in colloquial and semi-barbarous forms; the version is not always careful, and sometimes almost hopelessly corrupt (published by Cambridge University Press, 1880–1882).
But this translation gives us the substance of Theodore's interpretation of the apostle Paul, and so we have a typical commentary from his pen on a considerable portion of each Testament.
Photius, criticizing the style of this work in words more or less applicable to all the remains of Theodore, notices the writer's opposition to the allegorical method of interpretation.
More recently attention has been called to a Syriac version (Baethgen), and new fragments of a Latin version and of the original Greek have been printed.
His preference for historically sensitive interpretation led him to deny the application to Christ of all but three or four of the Psalms usually regarded as Messianic.
Besides pieces of his commentaries on books from the Old and New Testament, we have fragments or notices of his writings on various topics.
After a logical and scriptural demonstration of the truth and perfection of each of the natures in Christ, Theodore deals more at length with the Sacred Manhood.
The last works were considered by Marius Mercator, a friend of Augustine, as an attack on Pelagius, but may have actually been directed at Jerome.
His lost work on the incarnation was discovered in 1905 in a Syriac translation in the mountains of northern Iraq in a Nestorian monastery.
Unfortunately it was lost in the destruction of that library by Turkish troops during the massacres of Christians 1915, without ever being photographed or copied, so is today lost.
Rockville station opened in 1873 when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) built their Metropolitan Branch (now the CSX Metropolitan Subdivision).
B&O intercity service served the station until 1971; the station continued to be served by commuter trains (which became the Brunswick Line in the 1980s).
The station building, designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as Rockville Railroad Station.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) opened its Metropolitan Branch on April 30, 1873, providing direct service to Washington, D.C. from the west.
Rockville station opened on May 19, 1873; the convenient access to Washington D.C. caused the town's population to more than double by 1890.
When Amtrak took over intercity passenger service on May 1, 1971, it did not include any service on the B&O; Rockville was served only by three daily commuter round trips to Brunswick and Martinsburg.
On March 2, 1981, the old station and freight house were moved about to the south to make way for construction.
The new station opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a , four-station extension of the Red Line from Grosvenor–Strathmore station to Shady Grove station.
Rockville station is located on an embankment south of Park Road and east of Hungerford Drive and downtown Rockville, with the Amtrak/MARC platforms just northeast of the Metro platform.
Metro uses a single island platform between the two tracks of the Red Line, while Amtrak and MARC use two low-level side platforms flanking the two tracks of the CSX Metropolitan Subdivision.
A pedestrian underpass provides access to the platforms from parking lots and bus bays on the east and west sides of the station.
According to the provisional reports released on 1 January 2018, there is a total of 8,124 municipalities in Spain, including the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.
There are two municipalities that exceed one million inhabitants: Madrid and Barcelona, 26 cities over 200,000 inhabitants, 34 municipalities between 100,000 and 200,000 inhabitants, and 83 municipalities between 50,000 and 100,000.
Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship (usually cordial) or social status (formal or informal) between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.
Greetings are sometimes used just prior to a conversation or to greet in passing, such as on a sidewalk or trail.
While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures.
Conversely, secret societies have often furtive or arcane greeting gestures and rituals, such as a secret handshake, which allows members to recognize each other.
Beyond the formal greeting, which may involve a verbal acknowledgment and sometimes a handshake, facial expression, gestures, body language, and eye contact can all signal what type of greeting is expected.
Gestures are the most obvious signal, for instance, greeting someone with open arms is generally a sign that a hug is expected.
In Western cultures, the handshake is very common, though it has numerous subtle variations in the strength of grip, the vigour of the shake, the dominant position of one hand over the other, and whether or not the left hand is used.
This basic gesture remained normal in very many situations from the Middle Ages until men typically ceased wearing hats in the mid-20th century.
Hat-raising began with an element of recognition of superiority, where only the socially inferior party might perform it, but gradually lost this element; King Louis XIV of France made a point of at least touching his hat to all women he encountered.
When a man was not wearing a hat he might touch his hair to the side of the front of his head to replicate a hat-tipping gesture.
While same-sex people (men or women) will shake hands, kiss on the cheek and even hug multiple times, a man and woman greeting each other in public won't go further than a handshake.
Verbal greetings in Morocco can go from a basic salaam, to asking about life details to make sure the other person is doing good.
A Chinese greeting features the right fist placed in the palm of the left hand and both shaken back and forth two or three times, it may be accompanied by a head nod or bow.
Adab, meaning respect and politeness, is a hand gesture used as a Muslim greeting of south Asian Muslims, especially of Urdu-speaking communities of Uttar Pradesh, Hyderabadi Muslims, Bengali Muslims and Muhajir people of Pakistan.
The gesture involves raising the right hand towards the face with palm inwards such that it is in front of the eyes and the fingertips are almost touching the forehead, as the upper torso is bent forward.
In Indonesia, a nation with a huge variety of cultures and religions, many greetings are expressed, from the formalized greeting of the highly stratified and hierarchical Javanese to the more egalitarian and practical greetings of outer islands.
Javanese, Batak and other ethnicities currently or formerly involved in the armed forces will salute a Government-employed superior, and follow with a deep bow from the waist or short nod of the head and a passing, loose handshake.
Pious Muslim women rotate their hands from a vertical to the perpendicular prayer-like position in order to barely touch the fingertips of the male greeter and may opt-out of the cheek-to-cheek contact.
Younger Muslim males and females will clasp their elder's or superior's outstretched hand to the forehead as a sign of respect and obeisance.
In Europe, the formal style of upper-class greeting used by a man to a woman in the Early Modern Period was to hold the woman's presented hand (usually the right) with his right hand and kiss it while bowing.
The ultra-formal style, with the man's right knee on the floor, is now only used in marriage proposals, as a romantic gesture.
Cheek kissing is common in Europe and Latin America and has become a standard greeting mainly in Southern Europe but also in some Central European countries.
In the Galapagos women kiss on the right cheek only and in Oman, it is not unusual for men to kiss one another on the nose after a handshake.
Two kisses are most common throughout all of France but in Provence three kisses are given and in Nantes four are exchanged.
The station was opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a four-stop extension of the line from station out to Shady Grove.
Despite its name, Shady Grove station is located within the unincorporated community of Derwood; it takes its name from Shady Grove Road to the north.
Much of the surrounding area is industrial or low-density residential in nature, although Rockville Road to the south contains strips of commercial activity.
To the west is MD 355 (Frederick Road), a continuation of Rockville Pike, which the Red Line parallels throughout much of its route in western Montgomery County; MD 200A connects the Shady Grove station to I-370 and MD 200, better known as the Intercounty Connector.
The station is the northernmost station in the Washington Metro system, and is approximately equidistant from downtown Washington, D.C. and Frederick.
The distance from Shady Grove to the Washington Monument is , almost a whole mile further away than the next furthest station in the Metro system, on the Silver Line.
In order to cope with increasing population growth and subsequent traffic congestion while combating urban sprawl, the Montgomery County Planning Department released the Shady Grove Sector Plan, which aims to act as a guideline for mixed-use growth around the station.
The plan emphasises high-density residential and commercial properties within the immediate vicinity of Shady Grove station, with a steady transition to low-density as the distance from the station increases.
The Sector Plan divides the surrounding area into five districts: Metro North, Metro East, Metro West, Metro South, and Jeremiah Park.
In addition, the plan encourages the creation of a walkable street grid with defined main streets integrated with a comprehensive open space and park system.
The station opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a , four-station northwestern extension of the Red Line between Grosvenor–Strathmore and Shady Grove stations.
In 1996, this station was the site of the Washington Metro's second fatal accident when a train arriving at the station overshot the platform and collided with a parked train awaiting assignment, killing the operator of the moving train.
The crash, which occurred during the Blizzard of 1996, was caused by a failure in the train's Automatic Train Control system.
In 2011, as part of a preliminary study, the WMATA examined the possibility of extending the Red Line past the Shady Grove station and to the Metropolitan Grove station by 2040.
However, by the 16th century there is record of the activity, possibly via monastic gardens and as a garden crop for the gentry.
During the 17th century it was recorded as being grown in areas with alluvial soil overlying magnesian limestone such as in Surrey, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire.
Of the merchants in the 18th century, apothecary chemist George Dunhill (later bought by German confectioner Haribo) was the most important.
The embossed stamp was originally a stylised image of Pontefract Castle with a raven on the top bar, which is thought to have been in use for almost 400 years.
When the first secret ballot in the United Kingdom was held in Pontefract on 15 August 1872, the ballot box used was sealed using a Pontefract cake stamp from Frank Dunhill's factory, which shows the image of a castle and an owl.
The Austin Ambassador is a large family car that was introduced by the Austin Rover Group subsidiary of British Leyland in March 1982.
Only the doors and inner structure were carried over, but the wedge-shaped side profile betrayed the car's Princess origins, and it was not considered a truly new model.
To some extent a car which bridged the gap between the smaller Morris Ital and the Rover SD1, sales were low and the model was discontinued in 1984.
A benefit of not installing the taller E6 engine was that the bonnet could be made lower and flatter, although this meant that the wipers were now no longer concealed (unlike those of the Princess).
Instead of the previous 2.2-litre models, there were the HLS and later Vanden Plas trim levels, both with a twin-carburettor version of the 2.0-litre engine.
A four-speed manual gearbox (and automatic) were the only transmissions offered, with commentators citing the lack of a fifth gear (available in other BL models) for the manual transmission, as one of the car's drawbacks.
Despite prototypes being built in left-hand drive, production versions of the Ambassador were only built in right-hand drive form and thus were not exported to continental Europe.
Just 23 Ambassadors remain taxed and on the roads today in Britain, out of 43,500 built; compared to around 225,000 for the Princess.
Aside from the Ambassador's connections to the lowly repute of the Princess, commentators point out that its sedate image and driving characteristics (and low performance) also mitigate against its success in a market where performance and taut handling were becoming more important.
The interior was generally not an improvement over that of the Princess, feeling cheap and lacking a rev counter, even in the top HLS model.
The rear part of the chassis was modified to accommodate the opening hatch, and there were windows in the C-pillars which did make for an airier cabin.
The Ambassador only served as a stop-gap in the Austin range, and it was discontinued in March 1984 (after exactly two full years), with no official replacement.
The gap it left in the Austin-Rover range was effectively filled by the slightly smaller Montego, and by the new generation of smaller Rovers.
Of these 43,427, only around 28 are thought to be still experiencing active service on the road in the UK, with around 60 still in existence.
The viewing platform at a height of 170 metres was open to the public until 26 November 2007, when it was closed for renovation.
The building is administered by the public company Levira (formerly Estonian Broadcasting Transmission Center Ltd) and is a member of the World Federation of Great Towers.
The cornerstone was laid on 30 September 1975, and the building was inaugurated 11 July 1980 (although the first transmission took place in 1979).
The tower body was constructed of reinforced concrete rings 50 cm thick that weigh a total of 17,000 tonnes, and the total tower weight is approximately 20,000 tonnes.
The observation deck on the 21st floor, originally designed to have a rotating section, is located 170 m above ground and has a diameter of 38 m. The tower was closed to the public on 26 November 2007.
Before it was closed, tickets were priced at 60 Estonian kroon and, aside from an infrequently used concrete and metal staircase, the observation deck was accessed by two elevators.
A widely known account tells of a handful of radio operators who in 1991 risked their lives to protect the free media of the reborn Republic of Estonia from Soviet troops.
The defenders placed a matchbox between the elevator door and frame in such a manner that the elevator wouldn't work, leaving the approximately 1,000 tower steps as the only route to the top for the Soviets.
The chief engineer was Yevgeny Ignatov, the chief designer was Vladimir Obydov and the architects were Juri Sinis and David Basiladze.
The structure selected was a freely supported base part from reinforced concrete and steel upper part serving as the antenna, with a total height of 314 metres.
The internal space of such a TV tower made from reinforced concrete is sufficient for installation of all the necessary equipment and addition of a viewing platform with a restaurant, accessed via a high-speed lift.
The height of the tower is such that it is capable of transmitting excellent radio and television signals to distances of up to 90 kilometres in ideal weather conditions.
Several factors were taken into account for the location: the required distance from densely populated urban areas to ensure proper signal reception, geological features of the local soil, distance from the airport, and impact on Tallinn’s skyline.
The chosen spot was 8 kilometres from the city centre, in a rest and recreation zone not far from the botanical garden and a motor sports club.
The structure of the tower can be divided into three sections: the foundation, the tower itself from reinforced concrete (190 m) and the steel antenna (124 m).
From 150–182 metres the tower contains a superstructure that is 38 metres in diameter, housing the viewing platform, the restaurant and the equipment room for commercial radio stations.
The two-storey building that surrounds the base of the tower is also 38 metres in diameter and contains technical and auxiliary facilities.
The foundation slab made from reinforced concrete is 38 metres in diameter, 2.5 metres thick and buried 8.5 metres below ground level.
This slab supports a tower of reinforced concrete that is 15.2 metres in diameter at the base and only 8.2 metres in diameter at a height of 180 metres.
The wall thickness in the lower part is 500 mm and 350 mm in the upper part; this is to ensure tower stability even in strong storm conditions.
Before 1967 all tall structures had been built in Estonia in compliance with the safety requirements applicable to structures situated in areas with the second wind strength level.
After a storm in 1967, with the wind speed reaching 42 metres per second, the TV tower was designed in compliance with the fourth wind strength level requirements.
The centre of gravity of the structure is in the base of the tower, which is why it could not fall over even if the foundation slab were on the surface of the ground.
The general contractor was the Tallinn Construction Trust and the subcontractors were the Reinforced Concrete Construction Trust, the Metal Structures Trust and the Radio Construction Trust.
The work was commissioned by the TV Tower Construction Directorate of the Ministry of Communications of the Estonian SSR, with Vootele Tõsine as its director.
After that the concrete form was shifted upwards, narrowed to the new diameter and the new section of reinforced concrete created.
At first a smaller-diameter cylinder was lifted to the necessary spot; then over it was placed a larger-diameter cylinder and the smaller cylinder was pushed up through it with blocks and winches.
The upper metal framework, weighing over 120 tons, was assembled on the ground around the base of the tower and then raised to 170 metres.
The TV tower is regularly checked for geodetic compliance: foundation settling, vertical deviation, condition of reinforced concrete and metal components, and other parameters.
The allowed sway of the top of the TV tower due to wind is 1.5 metres; of the viewing platform, 90 cm.
The steel part, from 190 m to 260 m, has a lift for two persons and hatches for access to the external platforms for the purpose of inspection and repairs of the antenna equipment.
In the tower below the antenna section there is also a staircase with 1,050 steps from the basement to a height of 190 metres.
Saar managed to outrace the conflagration and cut the cables on the 23rd storey, thus preventing the fire from reaching the metal part of the tower.
But an accident ensued during installation of a 12-metre pipe-shaped antenna for the 45th television channel transmitter at the very tip of the tower.
Jüri Makarov was a prominent local businessman who created a new television station, Tipp TV, and that included installation on the TV tower of an Italian-made transmitter for the channel.
The corresponding antenna, a 12-metre pipe, had been purchased in the United States, and Makarov arranged to install it with the aid of a helicopter commissioned from St. Petersburg.
The helicopter, with the antenna suspended under it on a cable, attempted to manoeuvre to insert the end of the antenna into its slot.
When the antenna touched the tower, the pilots mistakenly assumed that it had gone into the slot and released the cable.
With a height of 310 metres (1017 ft), it is the tallest structure in Azerbaijan and the tallest reinforced concrete building in Caucasus.
The tower has become one of the most prominent landmarks of Baku, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
The TV tower was designed on the basis of the decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR after the order from the Ministry of Communications of Azerbaijan State Institute of the Ministry of Communications of the USSR.
After the return of Heydar Aliyev to power in 1993, the construction of the tower was continued, and in 1996 with his participation, the official opening ceremony of the complex was carried.
Such as alternating sections of the tower were lit to blue, red and green like in traditional Azerbaijani flag to help celebrate the national holidays.
The Liaoning Broadcast and Television Tower (Chinese: 辽宁广播电视塔, Pinyin: liáoníng guǎngbō diànshì tǎ) is a tall free-standing structure used for communication.
The operetta has enjoyed extraordinary international success since its 1905 premiere in Vienna and continues to be frequently revived and recorded.
He suggested this to one of his writing collaborators, Viktor Léon and to the manager of the Theater an der Wien, who was eager to produce the piece.
The two adapted the play as a libretto and updated the setting to contemporary Paris, expanding the plot to reference an earlier relationship between the widow (this time a countrywoman) and the Count, and moving the native land from a dour German province to a colourful little Balkan state.
In addition, the widow admits to an affair to protect the Baron's wife, and the Count's haven is changed to the Parisian restaurant and nightclub Maxim's.
Both stars were so enthusiastic about the piece that they supplemented the theatre's low-budget production by paying for their own lavish costumes.
It was a major success (after a couple of shaky weeks at the box-office), receiving good reviews and running for 483 performances.
The operetta originally had no overture; Lehár wrote one for the 400th performance, but it is rarely used in productions of the operetta, as the original short introduction is preferred.
The embassy in Paris of the poverty-stricken Balkan principality of Pontevedro is holding a ball to celebrate the birthday of the sovereign, the Grand Duke.
Hanna Glawari, who has inherited twenty million francs from her late husband, is to be a guest at the ball – and the Pontevedrin ambassador, Baron Zeta, is scheming to ensure that she will keep her fortune in the country, saving Pontevedro from bankruptcy.
The Baron intends that Count Danilo Danilovitsch, the first secretary of the embassy, should marry the widow; unfortunately for this plan, Danilo is not at the party, so Zeta sends Danilo's assistant Njegus to fetch him from Maxim's.
It emerges they were in love before her marriage, but his uncle had interrupted their romance because Hanna had had nothing to her name.
Valencienne volunteers Camille to dance with Hanna, privately hoping that the Frenchman will marry her and cease to be a temptation for Valencienne herself.
True to his bargain with the Baron, Danilo circulates the ballroom, rounding up ladies to claim dances and thin the crowd around the wealthy widow.
Hanna, however, chooses the one man who is not apparently interested in dancing with her: Danilo, who immediately announces that he will sell his dance with Hanna Glawari for ten thousand francs, with the proceeds to benefit charity.
The next evening, everyone is dressed in Pontevedrin clothing for a garden party at Hanna's house, now celebrating the Grand Duke's birthday in his own country's fashion.
Still not recognising the fan as Valencienne's, the Baron orders Danilo to discover the identity of its owner, whom he correctly assumes to be Camille's married lover.
The two men, along with Njegus, arrange to meet that evening in Hanna's garden pavilion to discuss Danilo's findings, as well as the problem of securing the widow's fortune for Pontevedro.
This is of course the same pavilion where Danilo, the Baron, and Njegus have agreed to meet, and the latter, arriving first, locks the door when he spots people inside.
Camille emerges from the pavilion with Hanna, who announces that they plan to marry, leaving the Baron distraught at the thought of Pontevedro losing Hanna's millions and Valencienne distraught at losing Camille.
Hanna realises that Danilo's anger over her engagement to another man proves that he loves her, and she rejoices amid the general despair.
Act 3 is set at a theme party in Hanna's ballroom, which she has decorated to look like Maxim's, complete with Maxim's grisettes (can-can dancers).
When Danilo arrives, having found the real Maxim's empty, he tells Hanna to give up Camille for the sake of Pontevedro.
Much to Danilo's delight, Hanna replies truthfully that she was never engaged to Camille but was protecting the reputation of a married woman.
Danilo comes very close to declaring his love for Hanna, but stops himself from doing so when he remembers her money and his proud refusal to court her for it.
He swears to divorce his wife and marry the widow himself, but Hanna stops him by declaring that she will lose her fortune if she remarries.
Hanna triumphantly accepts, adding that she will lose her fortune only because it will become the property of her new husband.
The operetta was produced in 1906 in Hamburg's Neues Operetten-Theater, Berlin's (starring Gustav Matzner as Danilo and Marie Ottmann as Hanna, who made the first complete recording in 1907), and Budapest's Magyar Színház in a faithful Hungarian translation.
The piece became an international sensation, and translations were quickly made into various languages: in 1907, Buenos Aires theatres were playing at least five productions, each in a different language.
According to theatre writer John Kenrick, no other play or musical up to the 1960s had enjoyed such international commercial success.
The adaptation renamed many of the characters, to avoid offense to Montenegro, where the royal family's surname was Njegus, the crown prince was named Danilo, and Zeta was the principal founding state.
Hood changed the name of the principality to Marsovia, Danilo is promoted to the title of Prince, Hannah is Sonia, the Baron is Popoff, Njegus is Nisch, Camille's surname is de Jolidon and Valencienne is Natalie, among other changes.
The final scene was relocated into Maxim's itself, rather than the original theme-party setting, to take further advantage of the fame of the nightclub.
Lehár also made changes for a Berlin production in the 1920s, but the definitive version of the score is basically that of the original production.
The first American production opened on 21 October 1907 at the New Amsterdam Theatre on Broadway for another very successful run of 416 performances, and was reproduced by multiple touring companies across the US, all using the Hood/Ross libretto.
Madge Elliott and Cyril Ritchard starred in the 1944 production, while June Bronhill and Thomas Round led the 1958 cast and recording.
The last of these starred Marta Eggerth and her husband Jan Kiepura, with sets by Howard Bay and choreography by George Balanchine.
It ran for 322 performances at the Majestic Theatre and returned the next season at the New York City Center for another 32 performances.
Valencienne and the other Embassy wives arrive to seek out Danilo and convince him to return to Hanna, closely followed by their husbands, seeking to achieve the same purpose.
Much to Danilo's delight, Hanna tells him that she was never engaged to Camille, but that she was protecting the reputation of a married woman.
Danilo is ready to declare his love for Hanna, and is on the point of doing so when he remembers her money, and stops himself.
When Njegus produces the fan, which he had picked up earlier, Baron Zeta suddenly realizes that the fan belongs to Valencienne.
Baron Zeta swears to divorce his wife and marry the widow himself, but Hanna tells him that she loses her fortune if she remarries.
Hearing this, Danilo confesses his love for her and asks Hanna to marry him, and Hanna triumphantly points out that she will lose her fortune only because it will become the property of her husband.
In the 1970s, the Light Opera of Manhattan, a year-round professional light opera repertory company in New York City, commissioned Alice Hammerstein Mathias, the daughter of Oscar Hammerstein II, to create a new English adaptation, which was revived many times until the company closed at the end of the 1980s.
A prologue was added featuring a narrative by Jon English and a ballet introducing the earlier romance of Anna and Danilo.
New York City Opera mounted several productions from the 1950s through the 1990s, including a lavish 1977 production starring Beverly Sills and Alan Titus with a new translation by Sheldon Harnick.
An Australian Opera production starred Joan Sutherland, and PBS broadcast a production by the San Francisco Opera in 2002, among numerous other broadcasts.
Although Parisians were worried about how their city would be portrayed in the operetta, the Paris production was well received and ran for 186 performances.
Best known as Danilo in the German version was the actor Johannes Heesters, who played the part thousands of times for over thirty years.
In 1906, the original Hanna and Danilo, Mizzi Günther and Louis Treumann, recorded their arias and duets, and also some numbers written for Camille and Valencienne; CD transfers were made in 2005.
After that, excerpts appeared periodically on disc, but no new full recording was issued until 1950, when Columbia Records released a set sung in English with Dorothy Kirsten and Robert Rounseville.
In 1953, EMI's Columbia label released a near-complete version produced by Walter Legge, conducted by Otto Ackermann, with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf as Hanna, Erich Kunz as Danilo, Nicolai Gedda as Camille and Emmy Loose as Valencienne.
Loose sang Valencienne again for Decca in the first stereophonic recording, produced in 1958 by John Culshaw, with Hilde Gueden, Per Grundén and Waldemar Kmentt in the other main roles, and the Vienna Philharmonic conducted by Robert Stolz.
A second recording with Schwarzkopf as Hanna was issued by Columbia in 1963; the other main roles were sung by Eberhard Wächter, Gedda and Hanny Steffek.
Among later complete or substantially complete sets are those conducted by Herbert von Karajan with Elizabeth Harwood as Hanna (1972); Franz Welser-Möst with Felicity Lott (1993); and John Eliot Gardiner with Cheryl Studer (1994).
Among the filmed productions on DVD, the Penguin Guide recommends the one from the San Francisco Opera, recorded live in 2001, conducted by Erich Kunzel and directed by Lotfi Mansouri, with Yvonne Kenny as Hanna and Bo Skovhus as Danilo.
With the permission of the Franz Lehár Estate, Sir Robert Helpmann adapted the operetta's plot scenario, while John Lanchbery and Alan Abbot adapted the operetta's music and composed additional music, for a three-act ballet.
The district was bounded by the County of London to the east, the River Thames and Middlesex to the north, and the Municipal Borough of Richmond to the west and south.
The district's coat of arms, granted in 1932, was: Azure a saltire or between four ostrich feathers argent two oars in saltire proper that to the dexter bladed dark blue and that to the sinister bladed light blue.
The supporters were: Two griffins gules langued and armed azure, the dexter gorged with a collar flory or, charged with four crosses patée fitchy sable, the sinister gorged with a like collar charged with four lozenges, also sable.
The oars belonged to the boat race teams of the University of Oxford (dark blue) and the University of Cambridge (light blue), whose course on the River Thames ran along the borough's northern border, finishing at Mortlake.
The feathers were derived from the Prince of Wales at the time of the grant (later Edward VIII and Duke of Windsor) whose birthplace, White Lodge, lay in the former borough.
The crosses came from the arms of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who also once held the same manor, and the lozenges from the arms of the Bishop of Southwark, in whose diocese the borough was situated.
The oars became part of the coat of arms of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, along with the red griffin supporters.
She was deployed south during the Beagle Crisis in 1978 and in the first weeks of the Falklands War (), where her aircraft were deployed against the Royal Navy task force, but spent the bulk of the war in port.
The air group started with F9F Panthers and F9F Cougar jets and later these were replaced with A-4Q Skyhawks supported by S-2 Tracker anti-submarine warfare aircraft and Sikorsky Sea King helicopters.
During the 1970s the ship was refitted and updated several times, though in each case the duration of each repair period was never more than 3–5 months, allowing her to be available to deploy.
Her last pre-Falklands refit occurred during 1981, when she received an update to her radar, arresting gear, steam catapult and (most noticeably) the forward edge of the port side angled deck was filled out via an enlarged sponson.
These improvements would theoretically enable her to operate the Super Etendard strike aircraft purchased from France, but it was discovered during testing that the catapult had difficulties launching the aircraft type.
On the day of the invasion, she waited with 1500 army soldiers outside Stanley harbour as first submarine and boat-landed commandos secured landing areas, and then Argentine marines made the main amphibious landing.
After hostilities broke out on 1 May 1982, the Argentine carrier attempted to launch a wave of A-4Q Skyhawk jets against the Royal Navy Task Force after her S-2 Trackers detected the British fleet.
What would have been the first battle between aircraft carriers since World War II did not take place, as light winds prevented the heavily loaded jets from being launched.
The naval A-4Q Skyhawks flew the rest of the war from the airbase in Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, and had some success against the Royal Navy, sinking .
Overdrive is the operation of an automobile cruising at sustained speed with reduced engine revolutions per minute (RPM), leading to better fuel consumption, lower noise, and lower wear.
There is therefore one specific gear ratio at which the car can achieve its maximum speed: the one that matches that engine speed with that travel speed.
At travel speeds below this maximum, there is a range of gear ratios that can match engine power to air resistance, and the most fuel efficient is the one that results in the lowest engine speed.
The device for achieving an overdrive transmission was usually a small separate gearbox, attached to the rear of the main gearbox and controlled by its own shift lever.
As popular cars became faster relative to legal limits and fuel costs became more important, particularly after the 1973 oil crisis, the use of 5-speed gearboxes became more common in mass-market cars.
The power needed to propel a car at any given set of conditions and speed is straightforward to calculate, based primarily on the total weight and the vehicle's speed.
Calculating these from first principles is generally difficult due to a variety of real-world factors, so this is often measured directly in wind tunnels and similar systems.
Given a curve describing the overall drag on the vehicle, it is simple to find the speed at which the total drag forces are the same as the maximum power of the engine.
The rotational speed of the wheels for that given forward speed is simple to calculate, it is simply the tire circumference multiplied by the RPM.As the tire RPM at maximum speed is not the same as the engine RPM at that power, a transmission is used with a gear ratio to convert one to the other.
At even slightly lower speeds than maximum, the total drag on the vehicle is considerably less, and the engine needs to deliver this greatly reduced amount of power.
In this case the RPM of the engine has changed significantly while the RPM of the wheels has changed very little.
As the engine requires more power to overcome internal friction at higher RPM, this means more fuel is used simply to keep the engine running at this speed.
Every cycle of the engine leads to wear, so keeping the engine at higher RPM is also unfavorable for engine life.
In an era when cars were not able to travel very fast, the maximum power point might be near enough to the desired speed that additional gears were not needed.
But as more powerful cars appeared, especially during the 1960s, this disparity between the maximum power point and desired speed grew considerably.
The reason for this separation of duties between the front and back of the car was to allow the drive shaft to run at lower torque, by using higher RPM.
As power is the product of RPM and torque, running the shaft at higher RPM allowed more power to be transferred at lower torque.
This is chosen for efficiency, as it does not require any gears to transmit power and so reduces the power lost by them.
The final drive then took this output and adjusted it in a fixed-ratio transmission arrangement that was much simpler to build.
Final drive ratios of 4:1 were common, meaning that the wheels would turn at one fourth the rate they would if directly connected to the engine.
In an era when different models of car with different wheel sizes could be accommodated by simply changing the final drive ratio, it made sense for all transmissions to use direct drive as the highest gear.
Although adding the cruising gear to the main gearbox was possible, it was generally simpler to add a separate two-gear overdrive system to the existing gearbox.
This not only meant that it could be tuned for different vehicles, but had the additional advantage that it could be offered as an easily installed option.
When it is switched on, an automatic transmission can shift into overdrive mode after a certain speed is reached (usually 70+ km/h [40-45 mph or more] depending on the load).
Overdrive was widely used in European automobiles with manual transmission in the 60s and 70s to improve mileage and sport driving as a bolt-on option but it became increasingly more common for later transmissions to have this gear built in.
: GKN or Gear Vendors) as opposed to having an overdrive built in one will typically have the option to use the overdrive in more gears than just the top gear.
In newer transmissions, the overdrive speed(s) are typically as a result of combinations of planetary/epicyclic gearsets which are integrated in the transmission.
In older vehicles, it is sometimes actuated by a knob or button, often incorporated into the gearshift knob, and does not require operation of the clutch.
The vast majority of overdrives in European cars were invented and developed by a man called de Normanville and manufactured by an English company called Laycock Engineering (later GKN Laycock), at its Little London Road site in Sheffield.
The system was devised by Captain Edgar J de Normanville (1882–1968), and made by Laycock through a chance meeting with a Laycock Products Engineer.
De Normanville overdrives were found in vehicles manufactured by Standard-Triumph, who were first, followed by Ford, BMC and British Leyland, Jaguar, Rootes Group and Volvo to name only a few.
Another British company, the former aircraft builder Fairey, built a successful all-mechanical unit for the Land Rover, which is still in production in America today.
The first unit to be created was the A-type overdrive, which was fitted to many sports cars during the 1950s, and into the late 1960s.
Several famous marques used A-type overdrives, including Jaguar, Aston Martin, Ferrari, Austin-Healey, Jensen, Bristol, AC, Armstrong Siddeley and Triumph's TR sports car range, from the TR2 through to the end of the 1972 model year of the TR6.
In 1959, the Laycock Engineering Company introduced the D-type overdrive, which was fitted to a variety of motor cars including Volvo 120 and 1800s, Sunbeam Alpines and Rapiers, Triumph Spitfires, and also 1962-1967 MGBs (those with 3-synchro transmissions).
From 1967 the LH-type overdrive was introduced, and this featured in a variety of models, including 1968–1980 MGBs, the MGC, the Ford Zephyr, early Reliant Scimitars, TVRs, and Gilberns.
The J-type overdrive was introduced in the late 1960s, and was adapted to fit Volvo, Triumph, Vauxhall/Opel, American Motors and Chrysler motorcars, and Ford Transit vans.
The Volvo version kept the same package size as the J-type but with the updated 18 element freewheel and stronger splines through the planet carrier.
The Gear Vendors U.S. version uses a larger 1.375 outer diameter output shaft for higher capacity and a longer rear case.
Over a period of 40 years, Laycock Engineering manufactured over three and a half million overdrive Units, and over one million of these were fitted to Volvo motorcars.
In 2008 the U.S. company Gear Vendors, Inc. of El Cajon, California purchased all the overdrive assets of GKN to continue production of the U.S. version and all spares for J and P types worldwide.
The system features an oil pressure operated device attached to the back of the standard gearbox operating on the gearbox output shaft.
Through a system of oil pressure, solenoids and pistons, the overdrive would drop the revs on whatever gears it was used on by 22% (.778).
When engaged, the overdrive would drop the revs from 3000 by 666 RPM, or from 3500 the drop would be 777 RPM to 2723 net.
In the days before automatic transmissions were common, especially in the 1950s, many rear-wheel drive American cars were available with an overdrive option.
With substantial improvements developed in Muncie, Indiana, by William B. Barnes for production by its Warner Gear Division, BorgWarner provided the box that was factory-installed between the transmission and a foreshortened driveshaft.
Since the overdrive function, if enabled, could be shifted by simply easing up on the accelerator without depressing the clutch pedal, the action was much like a semi-automatic.
Also, an electrically operated solenoid would deactivate the unit via a switch under the accelerator pedal providing the equivalent of the kickdown of the automatic.
A knob connected to a bowden cable, similar to some emergency brake applications, was also provided to lock out the unit mechanically.
All engines have a range of peak efficiency and it is possible for the use of overdrive to keep the engine out of this range for all or part of the time of its use if used at inappropriate speeds, thus cutting into any fuel savings from the lower engine speed.
Overall drivetrain reduction comes down to three basic factors: transmission gearing (including overdrive), differential gearing (in the axle), and tire size.
The rotation speed problem comes into effect when the differential gearing is a high ratio and an overdrive is used to compensate.
This may create unpleasant vibrations at high speeds and possible destruction of the driveshaft due to the centripetal forces or uneven balance.
The higher speeds on the driveshaft and related parts can cause heat and wear problems if an overdrive and high differential gearing (or even very small tires) are combined, and create unnecessary friction.
This is especially important because the differential gears are bathed in heavy oil and seldom provided with any cooling besides air blowing over the housing.
The impetus is to minimize overdrive use and provide a higher ratio first gear, which means more gears between the first and the last to keep the engine at its most efficient speed.
where high (numerical) differential gear is required to get the vehicle moving as in trucks or performance cars though double overdrive transmissions are common in other vehicles, often with a small number on the axle gear reduction, but usually only engage at speeds exceeding .
The structure is similar to the Gerbrandy Tower (IJsselstein), and consists of an 80-metre-high reinforced concrete tower and, until a fire accident on July 15, 2011, had a guyed tubular mast mounted on top.
The addition of a further section (analog TV - UHF antenna) to the mast increased its total height to 303.5 m (996 ft).
In September 2007 the analog TV - UHF antenna was removed and replaced by a new UHF antenna for DVB-T, reducing the tower's height to 294 m (965 ft).
Originally the mast was built by the state company for Post and Telephony (Koninklijke KPN N.V.) but due to privatisation this has changed.
On 14 August 1968 a US Air Force plane, an F-100 Super Sabre, from the Lakenheath Air Force Base in England was involved in an accident in heavy low clouds where the tip of a wing hit and broke one of the guy-wires of the tower, causing the upper section of the tower to bend.
In the above-mentioned report a warning was given that there was an increased risk of accidents in the masts, mainly because of the complex ownership structure and that because of that (safety) processes were unclear.
The above fire destroyed the steel mast on top of the concrete tower completely and the top of the concrete tower (the base of the steel mast) was damaged.
The owner of the steel mast, NOVEC BV, announced that starting in March 2012, the new mast will be placed on top of the concrete tower and that the new mast will be operational in the summer of 2012.
The new mast will be a few metres higher than the destroyed one bringing the mast to the same height as before 2006, and will be a steel lattice construction instead of the original tube style.
On 14 May 2012, at 10:35 the highest point was reached by the builders of VolkerWessels The mast was fully operational again in October 2012.
The home strip features a blue shirt with white sleeves, blue shorts and red socks; the away strip is all-red, with white trim on the sleeves.
The club is one of the oldest in the Scottish Borders, having formed in 1891, they became full members of the Scottish Football Association in 1897.
The club were founding members of the Lowland Football League in 2013, having previously played in the East of Scotland Football League.
The Colonius possesses a cafeteria, viewing platform, and a restaurant, apart from antennas for radio relay and radio services within the VHF range.
Because of a missing leaseholder, the visitor's area including restaurant and viewing platform is currently closed (as of 1992, still closed on 10 July 2019).
Bmibaby Limited (styled as bmibaby.com) was a British low-cost airline that flew to destinations in the UK and Europe from its bases at Birmingham and East Midlands airports.
Bmibaby held a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, and was permitted to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.
Following the takeover of BMI and its subsidiaries by IAG in April 2012, it was announced on 3 May 2012 that Bmibaby would be shut down in September 2012, with many flights ceasing to operate with effect from 11 June.
The airline was established on 24 January 2002 and began operations on 22 March 2003 with a flight between East Midlands and Málaga.
Continued expansion for the airline led to it opening further bases at Cardiff in October 2002, Manchester in May 2003, Durham Tees Valley in October 2003, Birmingham in January 2005. and Belfast City Airport in March 2012.
Insufficient passenger numbers led to the closure of the Durham Tees Valley base in 2006, followed by both Cardiff and Manchester in 2011 to make way for expansion in the Midlands and the new base at Belfast City.
By 2007, Bmibaby had nine Boeing 737 aircraft based at East Midlands Airport, making it their biggest base, however in December 2008 the airline announced that it would be suspending five routes from the airport as a result of a reduction in the number of customers booking city-breaks.
Further cuts were announced in November 2009 when it was announced that the fleet would be reduced from 17 to 12 aircraft in 2010, with up to 158 jobs at risk of redundancy.
The airline said the action was necessary to stem record losses and that it would focus on growth routes best fit for the business.
In April 2011, Bmibaby announced it would close its bases at Cardiff and Manchester Airports in October 2011 to increase services at Birmingham and East Midlands Airports as well as opening a new base at Belfast City Airport, moving from Belfast International Airport where the airline was based for several years.
The contract allowed for Lufthansa to sell BMI Regional and Bmibaby separately before the completion of the main sale, although the price payable by IAG would be reduced if the airlines were not sold.
The sale was not completed by the time IAG purchased BMI, and so Bmibaby and BMI Regional became part of the group.
However, on 3 May 2012 IAG announced that it had not found a buyer for Bmibaby and that it was proposing to shut down the company by 9 September 2012.
As of November 2014, all the fleet had moved on from Bmibaby, one had been scrapped (G-OBMP) and the last one partly remains with some of the fuselage in some trees at Bruntingthorpe (G-BVKB).
Bmibaby offered a buy on board programme with variety of items to purchase including scratch-cards, tax-free shopping and onboard drinks and snacks.
Extra legroom seats could be found on the front rows and on over-wing exit rows of all the Bmibaby 737 aircraft.
In addition to online booking on the bmibaby.com website; Bmibaby employed 20-30 customer service representatives to take telephone queries and bookings.
The Sint-Pieters-Leeuw Tower, sometimes called the VRT-toren, although there are several by that name, is a 302 metre tall free standing tower at Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, on the outskirts of Brussels, Belgium built in 1994.
The tower's location, south-west of Brussels, was chosen for its central location in Belgium and to minimize hindrance to Brussels Airport beyond the opposite end of the city.
There were complaints against it as locals feel the unpainted concrete is an eyesore, and it has even been suggested that the tower may be demolished.
They compete in Central League Division One of the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region and play home matches at Ravenscraig Stadium, on Auchmead Road - a five-minute walk from Branchton railway station.
Former player Thomas Molloy was appointed as manager in June 2017, he is assisted by Shaun Dillon, Owen Archdeacon and goalkeeping coach Gavin Pick.
The County class was a class of heavy cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the years between the First and Second World Wars.
They were the first post-war cruisers constructed for the Royal Navy and were designed within the limits of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.
The Counties are remembered for their distinctive three-funnel layout and service in all the major naval theatres of the Second World War.
The extra ship that this afforded was an attractive proposition for a navy that had the immense peacetime commitments of empire.
These restrictions posed new engineering challenges and forced compromises upon designers in how to extract the best balance of speed, armament and protection.
The United States Navy adopted a design with triple-gun turrets, allowing the hull to be shortened thus saving weight that could be put into protection.
This approach required increased power, as the speed of a ship is a function of the ratio of length to beam.
The Royal Navy had a requirement for a vessel for colonial trade route defence, which required a good cruising range and speed and independent fighting power.
This determined the need for a long hull and the use of four twin-gun turrets, with any remaining displacement invested in protection.
As had been tested in the wartime cruiser , whose completion had been delayed post-war, the Counties featured a new design of forward superstructure incorporating the navigating bridge, wheelhouse, signalling and compass platforms and gunnery director in a block.
Moving the fire-control equipment from the mast negated the need for a heavy tripod and light pole masts sufficed for signalling yards and the spread of wireless antennae.
The turret design was needlessly complicated by the original requirement that they should be capable of anti-aircraft fire and were thus provided with a maximum elevation of 70°, despite the inability to train and elevate sufficiently quickly to track aerial targets and the complete lack of a suitable fire control system.
The initial design called for two octuple mountings for the QF 2-pounder Mk.VIII anti-aircraft autocannon but as a weight-saving exercise these were not initially shipped and the existing QF 2-pounder Mark II was carried in lieu on four single mounts.
Thus, the traditional side-belt of armour was dispensed with and the side plating was sufficient to only give protection against shell splinters.
The aft box citadel had slightly reduced thicknesses at the ends and the citadel amidships had thinner armour as it lay within the confines of the armoured deck and side plating.
Originally planned as a programme of 17 Royal Navy vessels, the numbers were cut back significantly following the formation of the first Labour Government after the election of December 1923.
Of the eight ships planned to begin construction in 1924, only five were approved, with a further two ordered later by the Royal Australian Navy.
However, there was little surplus weight for the designers to work with while remaining within the Treaty requirements; they were between 150 and 250 tons under the treaty limits and it was estimated that a further 200-odd tons could be gained through various savings.
A crane was fitted on either side of the after funnel, and the rear gunnery, navigation and control positions were relocated to the hangar roof.
The 4-inch guns were relocated, and the rearmost pair were replaced by twin mountings Mark XIX for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI.
While she received the 4-inch armour belt and the double 4-inch gun mounts like her sisters, she retained the rotating catapult and after superstructure, with an additional fire-control position mounted on a distinctive lattice structure aft.
Her anti-aircraft armaments were improved as for her sisters, but the multiple 2-pounders and their directors were carried aft, by the lattice structure.
To remedy the loss of the bulge protection, there was a second skin of inner plating to provide the same effect.
The bridge was moved aft to lessen the effects of muzzle blast from B turret when the guns were trained abaft the beam.
Early in the war, the additional 4-inch guns were removed, and the original 4-inch guns altered to the Mark XVI twin mounts.
Her upperworks were removed and replaced by new fore and aft superstructures and two upright funnels modelled on the contemporary cruisers.
The 4-inch anti-aircraft guns were replaced by twin mountings and relocated to the after superstructure, with the torpedoes a deck below.
The upper deck was reinforced, which caused the stress to be transmitted through the lower hull instead and cracks began to appear under the waterline.
The outbreak of war prevented what had ended up being a rather fruitless cosmetic rebuild being extended to the rest of her sisters, as had originally been intended.
The new government cancelled the ships as an economy measure and as a gesture to the forthcoming London Naval Conference 1930.
The 8-inch gun mountings were Mark II variants that simplified loading but ended up being heavier than the Mark I variant.
The 4-inch guns were relocated forwards in order that they did not obstruct the catapult and aircraft which had been mounted lower down than in their predecessors.
During 1937, the 4-inch guns were replaced by twins, octuple 2-pounders were added around the after superstructure and the single guns forward were removed.
An additional director for the 4-inch guns was added, and the pole masts were replaced by tripods to support the additional weight of masthead electronics.
An extra superstructure was added aft to carry barrage directors, fitted with radar Type 283, which finally allowed the main armament to serve in its intended anti-aircraft role.
Two ships based on the County class, and of the , were designed in the UK and constructed in Spain by the Vickers-Armstrongs subsidiary Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval.
Aeritalia was also a partner in the Boeing 767 from its inception, and played a key role in the creation of the Italian space industry.
Alenia's C-27J was selected by the US Defense Department as its Joint Cargo Aircraft, and the C-27J team was awarded a contract worth US$2.04 billion for 78 C-27Js in June 2007.
Several cultivars have been bred to produce flowers in many shades of pink, red, lilac, and white, or in light shades with dark throats.
She is the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and Katharine, Duchess of Kent, and a great-granddaughter of King George V. She is currently 43rd in line of succession to the British throne.
Born at Coppins, a country house in Iver, Buckinghamshire, Lady Helen is the only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Kent.
After she left Gordonstoun (where she had art class), she was desperate to come to London and earn money, starting in 1984 at Christie’s auction house in their Contemporary Department.
Lady Helen worked with the art dealer Karsten Schubert between 1987 and 1991, behind the front desk, and was later credited with discovering Rachel Whiteread and Gary Hume, but confessed in a television interview that she had turned down representing artist Damien Hirst.
of its population has Swedish as their native language, making Hammarland one of the municipalities with the highest percentage of Swedish-speakers in Finland, and possibly in the world.
Doomsday devices, when used in fiction, are capable of destroying anything from a civilization to an entire universe, and may be used for the purpose of mutually assured destruction, or as weapons in their own right.
The Shadow Planet Killer does so by firing missiles which burrow into the planet's core and detonate, causing planet-wide volcanic activity which renders the planet lifeless.
Covenant warships use plasma weapons to superheat the surface of the planet; the crust is turned into a glass-like substance rendering it uninhabitable.
The E.C.Tubb story 'Little Girl Lost' (also, a filmed adaptation was done for USA TV Series NIGHT GALLERY) presents a scenario where a researcher, working on atomic weapons (in the TV adaptation, he is working for the US, in the original, for the British government) suffers a nervous breakdown when his daughter is killed in a car accident.
In order to keep him working at his project, a psychologist is brought in to keep him in a delusional state, thinking that she is still alive ... it seems that he is completely fooled by this ruse until the end, where it is discovered that his weapon can (and does) destroy the planet, or at least that is implied ...
▪ Stephan Ames Berry Kronarian book series has two versions of planet busters one produced by the old imperium burrows into a planets cores and explodes destroying the planet from the inside out.
The other was produced by the Trel called a worm maker creates a wormhole to consume a planet or in some cases whole solar systems.
The titular Halo installations themselves only kill sentient life, leaving planets and their biospheres-as well as any creature without sufficient biomass to support The Flood-otherwise intact.
In the first 3 Gall Force movies both sides the Solnoid and Paranoid Axis forces have had both their home worlds destroyed in a war of mutual assured destruction.
They plan on using the last of their planet destroyers and include the new system destroyers in their final battle plans.
In the second film adaptation, an entire universe is destroyed in the Anti-Spiral's clash with the similarly powerful Super Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann.
In spite of Kiyone's protests that you shouldn't even use it on a city because it is made for taking out small galaxies.
Throughout the series and movies, including Rebirth and the recent live action film, the Yamato (Argo) and similar battleships in the Earth Defense Force are armed with a Wave Motion Gun.
This weapon of last resort is capable of obliterating entire fleets in one shot, as well as most moon and planetary sized objects.
Also included would be the Desler (Desslok) cannon, built on the same principle (Tachyon Compression), and the main cannon in Zordar's dreadnaught, which was deployed at the end of season 2.
In the remake the White Comet of the Gatlantis Empire is a planet killing weapon, that captures and destroy a planet's biosphere.
At the end of the series, it is established that the Coralians have the ability to engulf a planet and form their own version of a planetary crust, although they did not exercise it with the purpose of making a planet uninhabitable.
The First Division was introduced in 1975–76 to replace the old Scottish Football League Division Two, as the top flight of the Scottish Football League was renamed from Division One to Premier Division.
The First Division remained the second tier of the Scottish league system, but was now the top tier of the Scottish Football League.
From 1998, only the winner of the First Division was promoted to the Scottish Premier League (SPL), subject to that club meeting the SPL stadium criteria.
From 2007, the bottom club in the First Division was automatically relegated to the Second Division and the second bottom club went into an end of season play-off with the second, third and fourth placed clubs in the Second Division.
The ten teams in the First Division played each other four times with three points for a victory and one point each for a drawn game.
A top-notch bunter, Chapman is sixth on the all-time list for sacrifice hits and holds the single season record with 67 in 1917.
Chapman had indicated he was going to retire to devote himself to the family business into which he was marrying, as well as to begin a family.
On August 16, 1920, Chapman was struck in the head and killed by a pitch thrown by Carl Mays during a game against the New York Yankees at the Polo Grounds.
The sound of the ball striking Chapman's skull was so loud that Mays thought it had hit the end of Chapman's bat; he fielded the ball and threw to first base.
He was mumbling as he was helped off the field and taken to the hospital where he died about 4:40 am.
A bronze plaque was designed in Chapman's memory, funded by donations from fans, was hung at League Park and was moved to Cleveland Stadium when the Indians moved there in 1946.
In 2007 it was refurbished and made part of Progressive Field's Heritage Park, which includes the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame and other exhibits from the team's history.
Chapman had been inducted into the team hall of fame in 2006, part of the first new induction class since 1972.
In 1994, as part of reconstruction to allow the admission of Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Ross County to the league, the SFL was recalibrated to give four divisions of 10 teams.
The Third Division continued as the fourth tier of the league system, but was now the third tier of the SFL.
The teams played each other four times with three points for a victory, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.
Edgar Albert Guest (20 August 1881 – 5 August 1959) was an American poet who was popular in the first half of the 20th century and became known as the People's Poet.
For 40 years, Guest was widely read throughout North America, and his sentimental, optimistic poems were in the same vein as the light verse of Nick Kenny, who wrote syndicated columns during the same decades.
In honor of Guest's devotion to the Craft, community, and humanity in general, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan established the Edgar A.
Guest Award for lodges to present to non-Masons within the community who have demonstrated distinguished service to the community and their fellow man.
The competition has been held every year since the inception of the SJFA in 1886 and, as of the 2019–20 edition, has 132 teams competing in the tournament.
The cup has an unseeded knockout format with semi-finals over two legs and the final played at a neutral venue, always that of an SPFL club.
Auchinleck Talbot are the most successful club, winning the trophy 13 times to date, including winning it three times in a row from 1986 to 1988.
In 2010, Linlithgow Rose lifted the Scottish Junior Cup for the fourth time in their history and third in a decade.
The cup's long-term sponsor, the OVD Rum company, which, as of 2006, had an eighteen-year-long association with the competition, withdrew their backing before the start of the 2006–07 competition.
A new sponsor was found during the 2006–07 competition for the semi-finals and final - Scottish Citylink, a long-distance coach operator.
The tournament was without a sponsor in 2013–14, with Barr Construction sponsoring the final only, then the SJFA entered a partnership with Dementia Scotland for the latter stages of the 2014–15 competition.
The cup had been without a sponsor since ETHX Energy sponsored the 2015-16 competition, however from 2018, sportswear company Macron sponsored the tournament.
Wanda Aleksandra Landowska (5 July 1879 – 16 August 1959) was a Polish-French harpsichordist whose performances, teaching, recordings, and writings played a large role in reviving the popularity of the harpsichord in the early 20th century.
She began playing piano at the age of four, and studied at the Warsaw Conservatory with the senior Jan Kleczyński and Aleksander Michałowski.
Deeply interested in musicology, and particularly in the works of Bach, Couperin and Rameau, she toured the museums of Europe looking at original keyboard instruments; she acquired old instruments and had new ones made at her request by Pleyel and Company.
These were large, heavily built harpsichords with a 16-foot stop (a set of strings an octave below normal pitch) and owed much to piano construction.
She established the École de Musique Ancienne at Paris in 1925: from 1927, her home in Saint-Leu-la-Forêt became a center for the performance and study of old music.
After leaving Saint-Leu in 1940, sojourning in Banyuls-sur-Mer, a commune in southern France, where her friend, sculptor Aristide Maillol was living, they sailed from Lisbon to the United States.
Her home in Saint-Leu was looted, and her instruments and manuscripts were stolen, so she arrived in the United States essentially with no assets.
She settled in Lakeville, Connecticut in 1949, and re-established herself as a performer and teacher in the United States, touring extensively.
The X Factor is the tenth studio album by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released on 2 October 1995 through EMI.
It is the first of two albums by the band to include Blaze Bayley, formerly of Wolfsbane, as vocalist, replacing Bruce Dickinson who left the band following their previous tour to pursue a solo career.
The album takes a darker tone than the band's first nine releases, due to the lyrics being based on personal issues surrounding Steve Harris at the time, who was in the midst of a divorce.
The Oklahoma City National Memorial is a memorial in the United States that honors the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were affected by the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995.
The memorial is located in downtown Oklahoma City on the former site of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, which was destroyed in the 1995 bombing.
The national memorial was authorized on October 9, 1997, by President Bill Clinton's signing of the Oklahoma City National Memorial Act of 1997.
The memorial is administered by Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation, with National Park Service staff to help interpret the memorial for visitors.
On April 19, 1995, Timothy McVeigh parked a Ryder rental truck filled with explosives in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
Months after the attack, Mayor Ron Norick appointed a task force to look into a creation of a permanent memorial where the Murrah building once stood.
The Task Force called for 'a symbolic outdoor memorial', a Memorial Museum, and for creation of Oklahoma City National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism.
Six hundred and twenty four designs were submitted for the memorial and on July 1997 a design by Butzer Design Partnership, which consists of husband and wife Hans and Torrey Butzer, was chosen.
On October 1997, President Bill Clinton signed law creating the Oklahoma City National Memorial as a unit of the National Park Service to be operated by the Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust.
The total cost of the memorial was $29.1 million; $10 million for the Outdoor Symbolic Memorial, $7 million for the Memorial Museum, $5 million for the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism and the rest for other costs.
In 2004 it was transferred from the NPS to the Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation, designating it an affiliated area of National Park System.
The Oklahoma City National Memorial since its opening has seen over 4.4 million visitors to the Outdoor Symbolic Memorial and 1.6 million visitors to the Memorial Museum.
The new wave of new wave (NWONW) was a term coined by music journalists to describe a subgenre of the British alternative rock scene in the early 1990s, in which bands displayed post-punk and new wave influences, particularly from bands such as The Clash, Blondie, Wire, and The Stranglers.
The USSR was initially divided in 105 economic regions, with sovnarkhozes being operational and planning management; the number was later reduced to 47.
He did not want to see the breakup of France's African colonies after independence and was the secretary of the Dakar-based Parti du Regroupement Africain (PRA).
Zinsou broke with Apithy in 1959 after Apithy backed out of the idea of a Mali Federation, one of the PRA's chief proposals.
Following the 1967 coup and the electoral boycott in 1968, Zinsou was the military's pick for president and was sworn in on 17 July 1968.
Zinsou received a mere 3 percent of votes in the 1970 presidential election and rejected an offer to join the presidential council.
In his autobiography, Bob Denard has mentioned that Emile Derlin Zinsou was to be reinstated in power in the aftermath of the coup, and that he was in fact waiting on board the mercenaries' plane that fled the country when the coup attempt failed.
Zinsou was a mediator in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during that country's civil war in the late 1990s; he arrived in Kinshasa on 20 September 1999, along with fellow mediator Padre Matteo Zuppi, and met with President Laurent-Désiré Kabila.
Zinsou, like other world leaders of the time, contributed to a disc left on the surface of the Moon by the astronauts of Apollo 11.
The lead ship of the class was , laid down 5 October 1965 and commissioned on 12 April 1969, at Todd Shipyards in Seattle.
Planned as the follow-on to the twin 5-inch gun armed s and the Tartar missile-equipped s, their initial design incorporated the prior classes' pressure-fired boilers in a similar-sized hull designed around the massive bow-mounted AN/SQS-26 sonar, with increased endurance and reduced crew size.
Anti-submarine armament was to consist of ASROC anti submarine missiles together with the DASH drone helicopter, while defensive armament was to be the RIM-46 Sea Mauler short range anti-aircraft missile backed up by a single 5-inch gun.
The design soon ran into problems, with the US Navy deciding to switch to conventional boilers, requiring a redesign, with the ships becoming longer and heavier in order to accommodate the less compact power plants.
Ten ships were authorized in Fiscal Year 1964, sixteen in 1965 and ten each for FYs 1966, 67 and 68; six were canceled in 1968 and four more in 1969.
While the FY64 and FY65 ships were ordered from four different shipyards, later ships (DE-1078 onwards) were all ordered from Avondale Shipyards in order to cut costs.
These ships were built on a production line, with prefabricated modules being assembled upside down, welded together and then rotated into an upright position.
They were originally commissioned as destroyer escorts (DEs) 1052–1097 in 1969–1974, but were redesignated as frigates (FF) on 30 June 1975.
The modification heightened the bow section, adding bulwarks and spray strakes to prevent burrowing into on-coming seas and better protect the forecastle armament.
These ships were retired from the US Navy at the end of the Cold War due to their relatively high running costs, a declining defense budget, and the need for ships with a more advanced antisubmarine capability.
None of the ships served more than 23 years in the US Navy, and by 1994 all of the class had been retired, although some remain in service with foreign nations such as Egypt, Taiwan, Thailand, and Mexico.
At 4,200 metric tons (4,130 tons), with a length of 438 feet (133.5 metres) and a beam of 47 feet (14.3 m).
As built, their main anti-submarine sensor was the large bow-mounted AN/SQS-26CX low-frequency scanning sonar, operating as an active sonar at a frequency of about 3.5 kHz and passively at 1.5–4 kHz.
The active modes of operation included direct path, to a range of about , bottom bounce, and convergence zone, which could give ranges of up to about , well outside the capability of ASROC, and requiring the use of a helicopter to exploit.
Twenty-five ships of the class (DE-1052, 1056, 1063–1071 and 1078–1097) were refitted with the AN/SQS-35(V) Independent Variable Depth Sonar, an active sonar operating at about 13 kHz.
As built, they were equipped with one 5 in (127 mm) 54 caliber Mark 42 gun forward, an eight-round ASROC launcher (with 16 missiles carried) abaft the gun and forward of the bridge, with four fixed 12.75 in (324 mm) Mark 32 anti-submarine torpedo tubes.
While as built, anti-aircraft capabilities were limited to the 5-inch gun, it was planned to refit the ships with a short range surface to air missile system to replace the cancelled Sea Mauler.
31 ships (DE-1052–1069 and 1071–1083) were fitted with an eight-round Basic Point Defence Missile System launcher for RIM-7 Sea Sparrow missiles, while DE-1070 was fitted with an improved NATO Sea Sparrow launcher.
It was planned to equip the other 14 ships with Sea Chaparral, based on the Sidewinder air-to-air missile, but this plan was abandoned.
All ships were refitted with a 20 millimetre Phalanx CIWS aft during the 1980s, replacing the Sea Sparrow launcher where fitted.
Surface warfare weaponry was at first similarly limited to the gun, with several ships receiving an interim upgrade allowing Standard ARM anti-radar missiles to be fired from the ships' ASROC launcher in the 1970s.
Later, all ships were modified to launch Harpoon anti-ship missiles from the ASROC launcher, which could carry two Harpoons, with two more carried in the ships' ASROC magazine.
The ROCN, anticipating future difficulties in maintaining the steam plants on these ships, originally contemplated an ambitious plan to replace these plants with diesel engines.
While on ASW patrol, the frigate will carry 2 x Harpoon SSMs and 6 x ASROCs in its Mk-16 box launcher.
He received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University in 1899 and completed both a master's degree and a doctorate in medicine there in 1903.
In 1905, he married Ruby Handforth Kunz, eldest daughter of the mineralogist, George Frederick Kunz, and they had two children, Hans Handforth and Gretel Zinsser, and they all lived in Boston.
At Columbia, he was the doctoral advisor of Rebecca Lancefield, although he did not permit her to physically work in his laboratory due to her gender.
Ten years later, Zinsser was hired by Harvard Medical School, where he stayed — except for service in the US Army Medical Corps in World War I — until his death.
Zinsser taught as an exchange professor and worked with the American Red Cross in France, Russia, Serbia and China, and was noted for his work in typhus and immunology.
Zinsser's scientific work focused on bacteriology and immunology and he is most associated with typhus, especially the form called Brill–Zinsser disease, his namesake.
It is a transfer station between the Red Line on the upper level and the Green/Yellow Lines on the lower level.
Gallery Place is located in Northwest Washington, with entrances at 7th and F, 7th and H, and 9th and G Streets.
The station, which is beneath the Capital One Arena, serves that arena and the surrounding Chinatown and Penn Quarter neighborhoods in downtown Washington.
The station is located very close to Metro Center, such that the lights of one are visible down the tunnel from the other.
Service began on December 15, 1976, as part of the original Red Line that ran from Farragut North to Rhode Island Avenue–Brentwood.
The opening of the station was delayed by a court order over lack of handicapped access (it was originally supposed to open with the rest of the first stations on March 27, 1976).
Originally named Gallery Place after the nearby National Portrait Gallery and Smithsonian American Art Museum, the station was renamed Gallery Place–Chinatown in 1986 (although the station's signage was not replaced until 1990).
As a result, there is far more signage in this station than most others, including lighted signs, as well as signage that isn't found anywhere else in the system.
In 2017, WMATA added yellow stickers on the platform floors to remind riders where the end of six-car trains stop, to help riders avoid being in the area near the end of the platform behind where the last car of the train stops.
However, unlike Metro Center and L'Enfant Plaza, where the platforms cross centrally, the Green and Yellow Line platforms are located near the east end of the station, resulting in an off-balance layout.
This is a result of the Green and Yellow Lines' location below 7th Street NW, while the Red Line must bend towards the southeast in order to reach Judiciary Square and Union Station.
Robert Změlík () (born April 18, 1969 in Prostějov) is a Czech track and field athlete who won a gold medal in Olympic decathlon in 1992.
He made the podium for the first time in the 1991 Hypo-Meeting, taking second place with a score of 8346 points, then had his first win at the 1992 Hypo-Meeting, where his set a career best score.
The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, fought here between Generals William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union army and Joseph E. Johnston of the Confederate army, took place between June 18, 1864, and July 2, 1864.
Sherman's army consisted of 100,000 men, 254 cannons and 35,000 horses, while Johnston's army had only 50,000 men and 187 cannons.
Much of the battle took place not on Kennesaw Mountain itself, but on a spur of Little Kennesaw Mountain known now as Pigeon Hill, and the area to its south around Cheatham Hill.
Established as Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Site on February 18, 1917, it was transferred from the War Department on August 10, 1933, and redesignated a national battlefield park on June 26, 1935.
As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.
There are three battlefield areas: In front of the Visitor Center, off Burnt Hickory Road and a major site at Cheatham Hill (commonly known as the Dead Angle).
At the southern tip of the park, Peter Valentine Kolb's farm house, where a minor battle was fought, has been restored to its original condition.
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield was authorized for protection by the U.S. War Department in 1917 and was transferred to the Department of the Interior as a unit of the National Park System in 1933.
The battlefield was set aside as an important cultural property dedicated to public inspiration and interpretation of the significant historic events that occurred here.
With the expansion of urban sprawl from nearby Atlanta, Georgia, concerns have been raised that the preserved areas of the park may be in danger from overuse and/or misuse.
This work was pivotal for astrophysics - leading to the discovery that star's brightness varies wildy among different stars, and also that the Sun is brighter than the vast majority of nearby stars.
Zöllner wanted a physical scientific explanation for the phenomena and came to the conclusion that physics of a four-dimensional space may explain spiritualism.
Zöllner attempted to demonstrate that spirits are four-dimensional and set up his own séance experiments with the medium Henry Slade which involved slate-writing, tying knots on string, recovering coins from sealed boxes and the interlinking of two wooden rings.
In 1879, Hermann Ulrici brought Zollner's experiments to the attention of scientists in Germany by describing them in an academic journal.
Fox was born in New York City to Montreal-born parents Edward and Marilyn Fox, and is of French Canadian, Belgian and Irish descent, and was raised on a narrow barrier island in Melbourne Beach, Florida.
She subsequently enrolled as a drama student at the Lee Strasberg Institute in New York, under the tutelage of actor William Hickey.
The disputes were resolved in just over a week, and the two were rehired by CBS, but neither Fox or Eads' salary was raised, in spite of other cast members' receiving raises.
Fox is the co-founder of Honeypot Productions, an independent avant-garde theatre company in Los Angeles that has produced five original plays.
Fox is a supporter of the Human Rights Campaign and has been a dedicated vegetarian since the age of 19, working with PETA to help promote vegetarianism and also working with ADI to bring light to the suffering of animals in circuses.
Fox attended and read at the Los Angeles book launch of Karen Dawn's Thanking The Monkey, and was seen on Access Hollywood discussing how being vegetarian helps the environment.
In 2008, Fox volunteered her time to film a Public Service Announcement for the New York–based non-profit Orangutan Outreach, which supports Borneo Orangutan Survival and other projects aimed at ensuring the orangutan's continued survival.
After attending the Democratic National Convention in Denver (August 28, 2008), Fox began serving on the Artists & Athletes Alliance Advisory Board and has attended many of their events.
The 5th and F Street entrance is in the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, as the monument is built around the escalator and elevators.
Similar signage can be found at the Gallery Place, NoMa – Gallaudet University, Morgan Boulevard, Grosvenor-Strathmore, and Largo Town Center stations.
The station has 2 tracks with 2 side platforms, each of which has a platform-level faregate and an elevator directly to the surface at the entrance for the National Building Museum.
Ryder System, Inc., commonly known as Ryder, is an American provider of transportation and supply chain management products, and is especially known for its fleet of rental trucks.
Ryder's fleet management business is its largest business segment, accounting for 71% of its revenue for a total of $4.4 billion.
Ryder grew its North American rental fleet to nearly 30,000 vehicles in 2010 and 2011 raising the percentage of model year 2010 or newer vehicles in the fleet to more than 40 percent.
Also in 2011 it acquired the full service leasing and rental business of Carmenita Leasing, Inc., located in Santa Fe Springs, California, and the full service lease, contract maintenance, commercial rental and dedicated contract carriage business, The Scully Companies, Inc., based in Fontana, California.
The white Ryder trucks seen on highways today are available to the general public looking to move locally (returning the truck to the original pick-up location), businesses, and companies that have a contractual agreement with Ryder.
The trucks will be equipped with 70kWh batteries, which has an estimated range of 100 miles, just under the smallest battery in a Tesla S model.
Ryder's headquarters are located in an unincorporated area in northwest Miami-Dade County, Florida, near the Miami Dade-County, Broward County boundary line.
In 2002, after taking a year-long study of 22 potential headquarters sites in South Florida, Ryder announced that it would move its headquarters to another location in northwest Miami-Dade County.
In 2005 Shoma Development Corp. began demolishing the former Ryder headquarters in Doral, replacing it with the Park Square at Doral development.
Ryder also has a Shared Services Center in Alpharetta, GA that employs over 500 people and provides support to all FMS Operations.
Headquartered in Miami, Ryder has satellite locations in 48 US States and also in Mexico, Canada, Singapore, China and the United Kingdom.
In December 2011, the non-partisan organization Public Campaign criticized Ryder for spending $0.96 million on lobbying and not paying any taxes during 2008–2010, instead getting $46 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $627 million.
The Guano Islands Act (, enacted August 18, 1856, codified at §§ 1411-1419) is a United States federal law passed by the U.S. Congress that enables citizens of the United States to take possession, in the name of the United States, of unclaimed islands containing guano deposits.
The islands can be located anywhere, so long as they are not occupied and not within the jurisdiction of another government.
It also empowers the President of the United States to use the military to protect such interests and establishes the criminal jurisdiction of the United States in these territories.
However, the claim was discarded because an American court ruled the island was already under American jurisdiction (a claim Haiti disputes).
In the 1840s, guano came to be prized as a source of saltpeter for gunpowder as well as an agricultural fertilizer.
The Act enables U.S. citizens to take possession of unclaimed islands containing guano for the U.S., and empowering the President to send in armed military to intervene.
This encouraged American entrepreneurs to search and exploit new deposits on tiny islands and reefs in the Caribbean and in the Pacific.
Up to this time, any territory acquired by the U.S. was considered to have become an integral part of the country unless changed by treaty and eventually to have the opportunity to become a state of the Union.
With insular areas, land could be held by the federal government without the prospect of its ever becoming a state in the Union.
More than 100 islands have been claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act, but most claims have been withdrawn.
The Act does not specify what the status of the territory is after it is abandoned by private U.S. interests or the guano is exhausted, creating neither obligation to nor prohibition of retaining possession.
To cement the U.S. claim to Navassa Island against Haiti, President James Buchanan issued Executive Orders establishing United States territorial jurisdiction beyond just the Guano Act of 1856.
The United States Supreme Court in 1890 ruled the Guano Act constitutional; and, citing the actions of the Executive Branch, amongst other points in law, determined Navassa Island as pertaining to the United States.
Control of Navassa Island was transferred by the Department of the Interior to the Director of the Office of Insular Affairs under Order No.
Both the Department of the Interior and Insular Affairs would later grant administration responsibilities to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service under Order No.
In 1899, a claim was made on Fox Island, Quebec, an island located south of Harrington Harbour in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
In 1964, Leicester Hemingway, brother of author Ernest Hemingway, attempted to establish a country (or more appropriately, a micronation) dubbed the Republic of New Atlantis, on an 8 x 30 foot bamboo raft anchored with an engine block outside the territorial waters of Jamaica, using the Guano Islands Act as part of a claim to sovereignty.
His apparent intention was to use the new country as the headquarters for his own International Marine Research Society, with which he planned to further marine research, as well as to protect Jamaican fishing.
A memorial is an object which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, tragic event.
Online memorials are often created on websites and social media to allow digital access as an alternative to physical memorials which may not be feasible or easily accessible.
When somebody has died, the family may request that a memorial gift (usually money) be given to a designated charity, or that a tree be planted in memory of the person.
Sometimes, when a high school student has died, the memorials are placed in the form of a scholarship, to be awarded to high-achieving students in future years.
The Yerkes–Dodson law is an empirical relationship between arousal and performance, originally developed by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John Dillingham Dodson in 1908.
For example, difficult or intellectually demanding tasks may require a lower level of arousal (to facilitate concentration), whereas tasks demanding stamina or persistence may be performed better with higher levels of arousal (to increase motivation).
For complex, unfamiliar, or difficult tasks, the relationship between arousal and performance reverses after a point, and performance thereafter declines as arousal increases.
The effect of task difficulty led to the hypothesis that the Yerkes–Dodson Law can be decomposed into two distinct factors as in a bathtub curve.
There has been research indicating that the correlation suggested by Yerkes and Dodson exists (such as that of Broadhurst (1959), Duffy (1957), and Anderson (1988)), but a cause of the correlation has not yet successfully been established (Anderson, Revelle, & Lynch, 1989).
A 2007 review of the effects of stress hormones (glucocorticoids, GC) and human cognition revealed that memory performance vs. circulating levels of glucocorticoids does manifest an upside down U shaped curve and the authors noted the resemblance to the Yerkes–Dodson curve.
It has also been shown that elevated levels of glucocorticoids enhance memory for emotionally arousing events but lead more often than not to poor memory for material unrelated to the source of stress/emotional arousal.
The opera is set in Rome and is based on the life of Cola di Rienzi (1313–1354), a late medieval Italian populist figure who succeeds in outwitting and then defeating the nobles and their followers and in raising the power of the people.
Magnanimous at first, he is forced by events to crush the nobles' rebellion against the people's power, but popular opinion changes and even the Church, which had urged him to assert himself, turns against him.
In 1839, meeting Meyerbeer by chance in Boulogne, he was able to read the latter the first three acts of the libretto, and to gain his interest.
Semper and Wagner were later to become friends in Dresden, a connection which eventually led to Semper providing designs which became a basis of Wagner's Festspielhaus in Bayreuth.
The public had been forcibly predisposed to accept it, because everyone connected with the theatre had been spreading such favourable reports ... that the entire population was looking forward to what was heralded as a miracle ...
In trying to recall my condition that evening, I can remember it only as possessing all the features of a dream.
Subsequently, Wagner experimented with giving the opera over two evenings (at the suggestion of von Lüttichau), and making cuts to enable a more reasonable performance in a single evening.
In Dresden alone, it reached its 100th performance in 1873 and 200th in 1908 and it was regularly performed throughout the 19th century in major opera houses throughout Europe and beyond, including those in America and England in 1878/9.
The US premiere took place on 4 March 1878 at the Academy of Music in New York and was followed on 27 January 1879 by the first UK performance at Her Majesty's Theatre in London.
The overture was the first work performed at the inaugural Henry Wood Promenade Concert at the Queen's Hall in London in August 1895.
A staging at the English National Opera in London, produced by Nicholas Hytner in 1983, placed the hero in the context of 20th-century totalitarianism.
Performances were given at the Theater Bremen in April/May 2009 and at the Deutsche Oper Berlin and Oper Leipzig in April/May 2010.
The opera opens with a substantial overture which begins with a trumpet call (which in act 3 we learn is the war call of the Colonna family) and features the melody of Rienzi's prayer at the start of act 5, which became the opera's best-known aria.
Raimondo appeals to the parties in the name of the Church to stop their fighting; Rienzi's eventual appearance (marked by a dramatic key shift, from D to E flat) quells the riot.
A gathering crowd of plebeians, inspired by Rienzi's speeches, offers Rienzi the crown; he demurs, insisting that he wishes only to be a Tribune of the Roman people.
The act 2 ballet is noteworthy as Wagner made a clear attempt to make it relevant to the action of the opera (whereas in most Grand Operas the ballet was simply an entertaining diversion).
In its original form the ballet lasts for over half an hour – in modern performances and recordings it is generally drastically cut.
Rienzi rouses the people and leads them to victory over the nobles, in the course of which Adriano's father Stefano is killed.
Thus the work has remained outside today's Wagner canon, and was only performed at the Bayreuth Festival in 2013, staged by Matthias von Stegmann.
It was followed, within months, by his appointment as Kapellmeister at the Dresden Opera (February 1843), which also gave him considerable prestige.
Other critical comments though the ages have included (apart from von Bulow's jibe about it being 'Meyerbeer's best opera'), 'Meyerbeer's worst opera' (Charles Rosen), 'an attack of musical measles' (Ernest Newman) and ' the greatest musical drama ever composed' (Gustav Mahler).
Although Kubizek's veracity has been seriously questioned, it is known that Hitler possessed the original manuscript of the opera, which he had requested and been given as a fiftieth birthday present in 1939.
At the age of twenty-four this man, an innkeeper's son, persuaded the Roman people to drive out the corrupt Senate by reminding them of the magnificent past of the Roman Empire.
Two surviving full scores made in Dresden in the early 1840s (under Wagner's supervision) already reflect the heavy cuts made in performances.
A critical edition of the opera was prepared by Schott's in Mainz in 1976 as volume III of their scholarly complete edition of Wagner's works.
This edition was edited by Wagner scholars Reinhard Strohm and Egon Voss; it uses the extant sources but also contains the 1844 piano version prepared by Gustav Klink, (which includes some of the passages excised from early performances).
It was constantly being altered during the 1840s (and, it seems, possibly throughout Wagner's lifetime), so it is not feasible to fully determine Wagner's exact or final intentions based on existing evidence.
The production was directed by Philipp Stölzl, and performed by the Deutsche Oper Berlin under the baton of Sebastian Lang-Lessing, with Torsten Kerl in the title role.
The cliffs, some over 100 feet (30 m) high, and side canyons are closed to the public to protect sensitive ecological features.
The nearby city of Wisconsin Dells is the center of summer tourist activity, much of it in the form of the theme parks unrelated to the river features.
The Dells was formed during the last ice age approximately 15,000 years ago, although the rock itself is much older, dating from the Cambrian approximately 510-520 million years ago when the area of Wisconsin was at the bottom of a shallow sea.
However, the Dells itself was never covered by glacial ice sheets - it was part of the large Driftless Area that was bypassed by the ice.
The melting of the glacier formed Glacial Lake Wisconsin, a lake about the size of Great Salt Lake in Utah and as deep as 150 feet (45 m).
The eventual bursting of the ice dam unleashed a catastrophic flood, dropping the lake's depth to 50 feet (15 m) and cutting deep, narrow gorges and unusual rock formations into the sandstone seen today.
The area of the Dells provides a mixture of plant communities, including northern and southern oak and pine forests, as well as oak savanna, moist cliffs, and dry cliffs.
The cultural history of the area stretches back several thousand years, from early Paleo-Indian people to the more recent Native American peoples, such as Ho-Chunk, Sac, and Menominee, who left behind effigy and burial mounds, camps and village sites, garden beds, and rock art.
The Dells were made famous in 1886 by the photographer H. H. Bennett, who took the first stop-action photo of his son jumping onto Stand Rock.
The area is now owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and was designated a State Natural Area in 1994.
The station is located in the Northeast quadrant of the city under the western end of Union Station, the main train station for Washington, where connections can be made to Amtrak intercity trains, as well as Virginia Railway Express and MARC commuter rail trains to suburbs in Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia.
The station features an island platform with two exits, one mid-platform leading into the main part of the station and Massachusetts Avenue and the other at the northern end emptying onto 1st Street NE and to the main boarding concourse.
(NPD) Total 2003 entertainment software sales in the United States grew slightly to US$7 billion; console sales increased to $5.8 billion and computer games accounted for the remaining $1.2 billion.
The station is within the NoMa neighborhood, which is both residential and commercial, and the station itself is in a commercial district on Florida Avenue.
The station opened under the name New York Ave–Florida Ave–Gallaudet U on November 20, 2004, as both the system's first infill station and as the first to be built with a mix of public and private funds.
The station was not originally built with the rest of the Red Line; the segment of the Red Line containing the site of this station opened in 1976.
By 1996, however, the idea of a Metro station at New York Avenue was being proposed as part of greater improvements of New York Avenue between Downtown Washington at the Maryland state line.
In February 1999, the major property owners in the vicinity of the proposed station agreed in principle to contribute approximately $25 million in private financing for the project.
The money would be collected from all commercial property owners within radius of the proposed station by being charged special tax assessments.
With an estimated cost of $84 million to complete in October 2000, the federal government approved $25 million for its construction.
The remaining costs would be split with $34 million coming from the District and $25 million coming from special tax assessments for the surrounding commercial properties.
The groundbreaking for the station occurred on December 16, 2000, with Washington mayor Anthony A. Williams and D.C.'s Congressional Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton present for the festivities.
In May 2002, Metro awarded a design-build contract to the joint venture of Lane Construction/Slattery/Skanska for the design and construction of the station.
Since it was constructed along an existing line, its construction resulted in some delay for trains traveling on the Red Line during the construction of a double crossover switch.
While still under construction in January 2004, the station name was changed from New York Ave to New York Ave–Florida Ave–Gallaudet U.
The final cost was $103.7 million with the federal government and private land owners each contributing $25 million and the D.C. government contributing $53.7 million.
The station was renamed to NoMa–Gallaudet U on November 3, 2011, and formally christened with the new name on June 13, 2012.
The station is within and named for the NoMa neighborhood, which is both residential and commercial, and the station itself is in a commercial district on Florida Avenue.
Its design differs from that of previous stations and is indicative of the lessons learned by Metro over its years of operation in several respects.
This was done so if an elevator breaks down, service is provided to the station without having to offer shuttle service from another station.
The station is also notable for its artistic elements incorporated into the station design as part of MetroArts, Metro's Art in Transit Program.
Created by sculptor Barbara Grygutis, at the 2nd Street entrance is a tall aluminum sculpture of a leaf from a scarlet oak.
Its design was inspired by Washington's dense tree canopy in addition to the scarlet oak being the official tree of the District.
The station is open from 5:11 A.M. to 12:22 A.M. on weekdays, 5:11 A.M. to 3:23 A.M. on Fridays, 7:11 A.M. to 3:23 A.M. on Saturdays and 7:11 A.M. to 12:22 A.M. on Sundays.
Trains run at frequent intervals during rush hour and midday operation on all days, with more limited service in the early morning and night.
The station also provides ten racks and 28 lockers for bicycle users, carsharing with Zipcar and connections to several Metrobus routes.
Euro 88 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties.
Euro 1988 was the final tournament to see the West Germany, Soviet Union and Yugoslavia national teams, as the West and East Germans reunified to become Germany in 1990, the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 separate countries in 1991, and Yugoslavia broke up into 6 separate nations and 1 disputed territory in the early 1990s.
The tournament was also the first major championship to feature the Republic of Ireland, who defeated England in their opening match.
West Germany won the right to host the tournament with five votes ahead of a joint bid from Norway, Sweden and Denmark, who gained 1 vote, and a bid from England.
Because the Eastern Bloc disagreed that West Berlin was part of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Football Association ruled out playing Championship matches in West Berlin.
As a compromise, Berlin Olympic Stadium did host a Four Nations Tournament in 1988, with West Germany playing against the Soviet Union, Argentina and Sweden.
Roberto Mancini capitalised on a defensive error on the left-hand side of the German goal and the striker squeezed in a shot from a tight angle.
Just three minutes later, Italy's goalkeeper, Walter Zenga was penalized for taking more than four steps with the ball and Andreas Brehme scored the resulting free-kick.
A late surge saw Flemming Povlsen reduce the score line, but was not enough for the Danes, who now needed to win both their remaining games to be certain of a place in the semi-finals.
Jürgen Klinsmann and Olaf Thon scored to dispatch the former 2–0 while two goals from Rudi Völler was enough to beat Spain 2–0.
Lothar Matthäus ran forty yards into the Spanish penalty box before back-heeling the ball for the oncoming Völler, following up his run, to strike the ball with the outside of his foot and into the corner of the goal.
The Italians won a difficult match against the Spanish 1–0, courtesy of a goal from Gianluca Vialli, a low cross-shot to the net on 73 minutes.
In the other opening game, the Soviet Union defeated the Netherlands 1–0 through a Vasyl Rats goal, despite the Dutch dominating for long periods.
The English defence, weakened by the absence of Terry Butcher, conceded the first of three goals to Marco van Basten on 44 minutes.
Van Basten turned Butcher's replacement Tony Adams and beat Peter Shilton – playing his 100th game for England – to give his side a 1–0 lead.
Lineker and Bryan Robson exchanged a kick one-two pass allowing Robson to burst into the box and lift the ball over Hans van Breukelen after 53 minutes.
The ball deflected into his path and he delivered a looping header which spun into the right corner of the Irish net with nine minutes remaining just after Paul McGrath hit a Dutch post with a header.
Adams equalised and England had chances to go ahead, but a goal before half time and late in the game assured the Soviet Union would finish in first place in the group.
It was only the third time the two sides had faced each other since the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final; the West Germans winning a first round match in the 1980 European Championship, and a 2–2 draw in a 1978 FIFA World Cup second round group match.
The game was tight, and the West Germans broke the deadlock on 55 minutes with a Matthäus penalty after a foul on Klinsmann.
With the match headed for extra time a through ball caught the Germans out and Van Basten finished clinically with a shot as he slid along the floor, beating the goal keeper and Kohler to the ball in the 88th minute for a 2–1 win.
The victory was marred by the reaction of Dutch defender Koeman who wiped the shirt of Olaf Thon, given to him after the match, on his backside in front of the German fans.
Italy were strong favourites to reach the final and had beaten the Soviets 4–1 in a friendly just two months earlier.
Despite controlling the play and having the majority of the chances, the Italians were undone by poor finishing, and a strong, tough opposition who sought to stop their more skillful opponents playing through hard tackles and a defensive strategy.
The hard work-rate of the Soviets paid off and in just four second half minutes, counter-attacks saw two goals from Hennadiy Lytovchenko and Oleg Protasov.
The first one from Lytovchenko was initially blocked, but with quick reactions he beat Franco Baresi to the ball to fire the second shot into the far corner.
The final was played on 25 June between the Soviet Union, in what would turn out to be the nation's last European Championship match, and the Netherlands at the Olympiastadion in Munich.
The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the two groups progress to the semi-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament.
A feedlot or feed yard is a type of animal feeding operation (AFO) which is used for the efficient raising and finishing of livestock, notably beef cattle, but also swine, horses, sheep, turkeys, chickens or ducks, prior to slaughter.
Large beef feedlots are called concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) in the United States and intensive livestock operations (ILOs) or confined feeding operations (CFO) in Canada.
The basic principle of the feedlot is to increase the amount of muscle gained by each animal as quickly as possible; if animals are kept in confined quarters rather than being allowed to range freely over grassland, they will gain weight quicker and more efficient with the added benefit of economies of scale.
Feedlots also would have an environmental plan in place to deal with the large amount of waste that is generated from the numerous livestock housed.
The environmental farm plan is set in place to raise awareness about the environment and covers 23 different aspects around the farm that may be affecting the environment.
The Environmental Protection Agency has authority under the Clean Water Act to regulate all animal feeding operations in the United States.
Certain provinces are required by law to have a nutrient management plan, which looks at everything the farm is going to feed to their animals, down to the minerals.
New farms are required to complete and obtain a license under the livestock operations act, which looks at proper manure storage as well as proper distance away from other farms or dwellings.
A mandatory RFID tag is required in every animal that passes through a Canadian feedlot, these are called CCIA tags (Canadian Cattle Identification Agency) which is controlled by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency CFIA.
The cattle industry works in sequence with one another, prior to entering a feedlot, young calves are born typically in the spring where they spend the summer with their mothers in a pasture or on rangeland.
Once the young calves reach a weight between they are rounded up and either sold directly to feedlots, or sent to cattle auctions for feedlots to bid on them.
Once transferred to a feedlot, they are housed and looked after for the next six to eight months where they are fed a total mixed ration (TMR) to start the journey of their further growth away from their mothers.
These rations are also known to contain various other forms of feed such as a specialized animal feed which consists of corn, corn byproducts (some of which is derived from ethanol and high fructose corn syrup production), milo, barley, and various grains.
Some rations may also contain roughage such as corn stalks, straw, sorghum, or other hay, cottonseed meal, premixes which may contain but not limited to antibiotics, fermentation products, micro & macro minerals and other essential ingredients that are purchased from mineral companies, usually in sacked form, for blending into commercial rations.
Many feed companies are able to be prescribed a drug to be added into a farms feed if required by a vet.
Farmers generally work with nutritionists who aid in the formulation of these rations to ensure their animals are getting the recommended levels of minerals and vitamins, but also to make sure the animals are not wasting feed in their manure.
In the American northwest and Canada, barley, low grade durum wheat, chick peas (garbanzo beans), oats and occasionally potatoes are used as feed.
In a typical feedlot, a cow's diet is roughly 62% roughage, 31% grain, 5% supplements (minerals and vitamins), and 2% premix.
Due to the stressors of these conditions, and due to some illnesses, it may be necessary to give the animals antibiotics on occasion.
Feedlot diets are high in protein, to encourage growth of muscle mass and the distribution of some fat (known as marbling in butchered meat).
These animals may gain an additional 400-600 pounds (180 kg) during its approximate 200 days in the feedlot , depending on its entrance weight into the lot, and also how well the animal gains muscle.
A feedlot is highly dependant on the health of its livestock, as disease can have a great impact on the animals, and controlling sickness can be difficult with numerous animals living together.
Many feedlots will have an entrance protocol in which new animals entering the lot are given vaccines to protect them against potential sickness that may arise in the first few weeks in the feedlot.
These entrance protocols are usually discussed and created with the farms veterinarian, as there are numerous factors that can impact the health of feedlot cattle.. One challenging but crucial role on a feedlot is to identify any sick cattle, and treat them in order to rebound them back to health.
Knowing when an animal is sick is sometimes difficult as cattle are prey animals and will try and hide their weakness from potential threats.
A sick animal will generally look gaunt, may have a snotty nose and/or dry nose, and will have droopy ears, catching these symptoms early may be the key to successfully treating an animal.
The best indicator of health is the body temperature of a cow, but this is not always possible when looking over many animals per day.
There are a few common methods of waste recycling within feedlots, with the most common being spreading it back on the cropping fields used to feed the livestock.
Generally, feedlots provide bedding for their animals such as straw, sawdust, wood shavings, or other byproducts from crops (soybean chaff, corn chaff), which are then mixed in with the manure as the livestock use the bedding.
Once the bedding has outlasted its use, the manure is either spread directly on the fields or stock piled to breakdown and begin composting.
A less common type of recycling in the feedlot industry is liquid manure which is where minimal bedding is found in the manure, so it stays a liquid and is then spread on the fields in a liquid form.
Biogas plants are also able to use livestock manure to create biofuels, but most farmers cannot afford to lose their valuable nutrients found in the manure which they use to spread on their fields.
Cattle feeding on a large scale was first introduced in the early 60's, when a demand for higher quality beef in large quantities emerged.
Farmers started becoming familiar with the finishing of beef, but also showed interest in various other aspects associated with the feedlot such as soil health, crop management, and how to manage labour costs.
From the early 60's to the 90's feeding beef cattle in the feedlot style showed immense growth, and even today the feedlot industry is constantly being upgraded with new knowledge and science as well as technology.
They appeared in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of hybrid grains and irrigation techniques; the ensuing larger grain crops led to abundant grain harvests.
It was suddenly possible to feed large numbers of cattle in one location and so, to cut transportation costs, grain farms and feedlot locations merged together.
Cattle were no longer sent from all across the southern states to places like California, where large slaughter houses were located.
Similar to this is forward contracting, in which prices are determined the same way but are not directly influenced by market demand fluctuations.
However, this method is the least used because it requires some knowledge of production costs and the willingness of both sides to take a risk in the futures market.
Another method, formula pricing, is becoming the most popular process, as it more accurately represents the value of meat received by the packer.
This requires trust between the packers and feedlots though, and is under criticism from the feedlots because the amount paid to the feedlots is determined by the packers’ assessment of the meat received.
The most controversial marketing method stems from the vertical integration of packer-owned feedlots, which still represents less than 10% of all methods, but has been growing over the years.
Canadian beef has market access to many foreign countries all across the world, which is what maintains a relatively healthy industry for Canadian beef farmers.
The practice of feeding cattle in feedlots has been constantly changing for the better as animal welfare has become more important.
Often times grain or corn will be added into the mix of feed which is designed to provide energy and protein to the growing animals, and is often seen as a negative aspect, but close monitoring of the animals by the farmer ensures that the perfect amount of grain is being introduced into the feed of the animals in order to maintain a healthy and efficient growing period.
Too much grain in the diet can cause cattle to have issues such as bloating, diarrhea and digestive discomfort, which is why close monitoring of the animals, as well as working with ruminant nutritionists is very important for farmers.
The alternative to feedlots is to allow cattle to graze on grass throughout their lives, but this is not efficient and can be very challenging.
Though controlled grazing methods of this sort necessitate higher beef prices, the cattle take longer to reach market weight, and the beef is lower quality than beef from feedlots..
Glacial Lake Wisconsin was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed from approximately 18,000 to 14,000 years ago, at the end of the last ice age, in the central part of present-day Wisconsin in the United States.
Before the last glacier, a somewhat different Wisconsin River drained the north-central part of the state, running around the east end of the Baraboo Hills.
Around 18,000 years ago, the Green Bay lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet crept in from the east, butting up against the Baraboo Hills.
The water rose to as deep as 160 feet, with a surface area eight times the size of modern Lake Winnebago, a big cold lake stretching north to the site of Wisconsin Rapids.
Eventually it found a new outlet, flowing west to the Mississippi via the east fork of the Black River near City Point.
Islands poked up out of this icy lake, some of which remain today as the sandstone bluffs of central Wisconsin - Mill Bluff and Roche-a-Cri, for example.
Streams from the glacier to the north and east also carried in sand and silt which settled at the bottom of the lake, roughing in the flat sandy Central Plain that we see today when we follow I-90/94.
In a catastrophic flood, most of the huge lake probably drained out the south end in no more than a few weeks - possibly a few days.
After removing the lake-bottom sand, it cut canyons through the weak Cambrian sandstone beneath, which had existed long before the lake, forming the Dells of the Wisconsin River, that are now largely beneath the high water created by damming the river.
The Wisconsin river travels from nearly the Upper Peninsula over a 300 miles until it meets the Mississippi at Prairie du Chien.
After Lake Dubay, the Wisconsin river is blocked from going south for over twenty miles between Stevens Point and Wisconsin Rapids.
Rock outcroppings on the East side of the river at the Centralia dam at the Bulls Eye Country Club and across the river from Port Edwards, suggest ancient flooding before the dams were built and the river reminds residents most every year of its power to flood from the northern Wisconsin watershed.
Then after the Wisconsin Dells rock formations, 75 foot limestone bluffs carved by water exist as the Wisconsin merges with the Mississippi.
With plentiful surface water more work is needed to understand buried rock formations and the hydrology of water feeding these lakes in central Wisconsin.
The KXTV/KOVR Tower is a guyed communication tower in Walnut Grove, California, United States, which rises to 2,049 feet (624.5 m) in height from sea level.
Built in 1986, it is the tallest structure in California, the third-tallest guyed mast in the world (as of 2001), and the eighth tallest structure to have ever existed if the destroyed Warsaw radio mast, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the Shanghai Tower in Shanghai and the Tokyo Sky Tree in Tokyo are included.
Omni-directional TV transmitters on the tower carry the over-the-air (OTA) broadcast signals for KXTV-TV channel 10 (virtual and transmit) and KOVR-TV channel 13 (virtual) and 25 (transmit).
The transmitters on these towers serve broadcast stations airing programming to TV viewers in the Sacramento/Stockton/Modesto DMA (Designated Market Area) in California's Central Valley.
With their significant height and central location in Walnut Grove, they provide line-of-sight (LOS) signal coverage to the adjacent flat valley terrain for over 60 miles (100 kilometers) to the north (Sacramento) and to the south-southeast (Stockton and Modesto).
The towers also provide quite good coverage across the valley to the east into the Sierra Nevada foothills and mountains, and to the west to portions of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area (eastern Solano and Contra Costa counties).
The tower is also a magnet for BASE jumpers who have been known to illegally trespass on the property, climb the tower, jump off and parachute to the ground.
A BASE jumper was caught and arrested in 2005 when his parachute caught one of the numerous guy wires on the tower and was rescued by fire personnel.
Rhode Island Avenue (also known as Rhode Island Avenue–Brentwood) is a Washington Metro station in Washington, D.C. on the Red Line.
The station is located in the Brentwood neighborhood of Northeast, Washington, D.C., on an elevated platform crossing Rhode Island Avenue N.E.
The official/ main entrance of the Rhode Island Avenue Metro Station; however, is located on Washington Place N.E., just south off the intersection of Rhode Island Avenue N.E.
(U.S. Route 1), the Rhode Island Place Shopping Center, east of the station platform, and the Edgewood Terrace Apartment Complex and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception Building, north of the station platform.
Service began on March 27, 1976 as one of the first stations in the system, opening as the eastern terminus of the Red Line.
However; this particular name change of the Rhode Island Avenue Metro Station, was only initially reflected on WMATA's Metrorail Rider Guides, System Maps, and on most of WMATA's newer/ updated Metrobus Schedules for each of the Metrobus Routes that served the Rhode Island Avenue Metro Station.
The pylons and station signage, on the other hand, did not officially reflect the new name change of the station, until they were eventually replaced with brand new pylons and station signage during July/August, 2005.
Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or which emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority (such as a state, a corporation, social norms imposed through peer pressure and so on).
Civil libertarianism is not a complete ideology—rather, it is a collection of views on the specific issues of civil liberties and civil rights.
In the domain of libertarian philosophy, the primary concern of the civil libertarian is the relationship of the government to the individual.
In theory, the civil libertarian seeks to restrict this relationship to an absolute minimum in which the state can function and provide basic services and securities without excessively interfering in the lives of its citizens.
Although they may or may not personally condone behaviors associated with these issues, civil libertarians hold that the advantages of unfettered public discourse outweigh all disadvantages.
Other civil libertarian positions include support for at least partial legalization of illicit substances (marijuana and other soft drugs), prostitution, abortion, privacy, assisted dying or euthanasia, the right to bear arms, topfree equality, a strong demarcation between religion and politics and more recently support for same-sex marriage.
With the advent of personal computers, the Internet, email, cell phones and other information technology advances a subset of civil libertarianism has arisen that focuses on protecting individuals' digital rights and privacy.
Wang Dan (born February 26, 1969) is a leader of the Chinese democracy movement and was one of the most visible student leaders in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
He holds a Ph.D. in history from Harvard University, and from August 2009 to February 2010, Wang taught cross-strait history at Taiwan's National Chengchi University, as a visiting scholar.
Based in the United States, he travels the world to garner support from Overseas Chinese communities as well as from the public at large.
When he participated in the student movement that led to the 1989 peaceful protest, he joined the movement's organizing body as the representative from Peking University.
Wang went into hiding but was arrested on July 2 the same year, and sentenced to four years imprisonment in 1991.
After being released on parole in 1993, he continued to write publicly (to publications outside of mainland China) and was re-arrested in 1995 for conspiring to overthrow the Communist Party of China and was sentenced in 1996 to 11 years.
Wang resumed his university studies, starting school at Harvard University in 1998 and completing his master's in East Asian history in 2001 and a Ph.D. in 2008.
At that time he was invited by the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China to talk about politics ahead of the 15th anniversary of the June 4 crackdown.
Due to a typhoon, Wang finally landed in Hong Kong for the first time, though he was confined to the airport's restricted zone as he had no Hong Kong visa.
Following the People's Liberation Army's crackdown on the protests, Wang Dan was placed on a list of the 21 most wanted student leaders of the protests.
He was sentenced to 4 years in prison; a relatively mild sentence compared to other political prisoners in China at this time.
This short sentence was thought to be caused by two things; the government was unsure of what to do with so many students, and felt pressure due to their high-profile nature.
Wang Dan himself has noted this was most likely related to China’s first bid for the Olympic Games since he and 19 other political prisoners were released only a month before the International Olympic Committee was to visit.
Almost immediately after his release in 1993 Wang began to promote democracy in China and contacted exiled political activists in the United States.
He was arrested for a second time in May 1995, two months after an interview with the US based anti-communist periodical Beijing Spring.
His release and move to the United States followed an agreement between the United States and China whereby the United States removed its support for a resolution criticizing China at the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, and in return China released political prisoners such as Wang.
Wang received his PhD from Harvard University in 2008, and continues to be actively involved in fighting for change in China.
His exile in the United States allowed him to attend Harvard University to finish his education, obtaining a history degree, He also became Chairman of the Chinese Constitutional Reform Association.
While he was teaching a class in November 2010, a woman carrying a knife entered the room, intending to stab Wang.
According to a Chinese language article from Radio Free Asia, as of July 2009, Wang Dan has a Facebook page that he hopes to use to communicate with people in mainland China.
Wang Dan felt there were many things that could have been changed about the movement, and he has raised these issues, both during and after the movement.
In this source he believes that intellectuals were not used early enough in the movement, and their involvement may have changed the course of events.
Despite pointing out failures, Wang feels the protests affected the mentality of many Chinese people, arguing the hunger strike was necessary as it allowed greater attention on the movement.
(Document 1) In addition to this, Wang feels that the crackdown, and the promotion of democracy garnered the attention of the entire nation and educated people on democracy, which was a new idea for many Chinese people.
At the time of European contact in the sixteenth century, people speaking an Eastern dialect of the Wabanaki language inhabited present-day Casco Bay.
A number of Treaties were negotiated and signed between the British colonies and members of the Wabanaki Confederacy in Casco Bay, including the Treaty of Casco (1678), the Treaty of Casco (1703), and Treaty of Casco Bay (1727).
The latter Treaty was the result of a Conference between the British and the Abenaki in August, 1727, at which the parties agreed to uphold the terms of the 1725 Treaty of Peace and Friendship which ended Dummer's War, and to cooperate with each other in keeping the peace.
Chief Loron Sagouarram, who had signed the Treaty of 1725, addressed the gathering in 1727, providing his understanding of the Treaty relationship.
Casco Bay is also home to abandoned military fortifications dating from the War of 1812 through World War II; during World War II, Casco Bay served as an anchorage for US Navy ships.
Since Casco Bay was the nearest American anchorage to the Atlantic Lend-Lease convoy routes to Britain prior to US entry into World War II, Admiral King ordered a large pool of destroyers to be stationed there for convoy escort duty in August 1941.
In 2008, composers Peter J. McLaughlin and Akiva G. Zamcheck wrote a piece in four movements paying homage to the wreck of the Don, lost near Ragged Island on June 29, 1941.
Harbor seals congregate on certain exposed ledges, and whales on occasion swim into the bay, and in a few instances into Portland Harbor.
Seagulls, cormorants and varying species of ducks are the most common birds; more rarely osprey, eagles and herons have been sighted.
The major islands in the bay are served by the Casco Bay Lines ferry service at the Maine State Pier in Portland.
Great and Little Diamond islands and Long Island are served primarily by the Diamond Pass run, which is popular with tourists in the summer months.
Other services offered by Casco Bay Lines include a daily mailboat run, a cruise to Bailey Island, and a sunset run.
Other services such as water taxis are also popular alternatives to the ferry, but are limited to six passengers per boat.
During World War I, the Second Battle of Ypres was fought from for control of the strategic Flemish town of Ypres in western Belgium.
It also marked the first time a former colonial force (the 1st Canadian Division) defeated a European power (the German Empire) in Europe (at the Battle of St. Julien and Battle of Kitcheners' Wood).
The eminent German chemist Walther Nernst, who was in the army in 1914 as a volunteer driver, saw how trenches produced deadlock.
He proposed to Colonel Max Bauer, the German general staff officer responsible for liaison with scientists, that they could empty the opposing trenches by a surprise attack with tear gas.
Observing a field test of this idea, the chemist Fritz Haber instead proposed using heavier than air chlorine gas (originally preferring the use of the more deadly phosgene gas, though little was stockpiled for such a use).
The German commander Erich von Falkenhayn agreed to try the new weapon, but intended to use it in a diversionary attack by his 4th Army.
The gas would be released by siphoning liquid chlorine out of cylinders; the gas could not be released directly because the valves would freeze; wind would carry the gas to the enemy lines.
North of the salient, the Belgian army held the line of the Yser and the north end of the salient was held by two French divisions.
The II Corps and V Corps of the Second Army comprised the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Cavalry Divisions and the 4th, 27th, 28th, Northumbrian, Lahore and 1st Canadian divisions.
In The Battles of Ypres, 1915 six engagements involving the Second Army were recorded, four during the Second Battle (22 April–25 May).
On 22 April 1915 at about , the 4th Army released of chlorine gas on a front between the hamlets of Langemark () and Gravenstafel () on the Allied line held by French Territorial and (Moroccan and Algerian troops) of the French 45th and 87th divisions.
German infantry followed well behind the cloud, breathing through cotton pads soaked with sodium thiosulfate solution and occupied the villages of Langemark and Pilken, where they dug in, even though they might have occupied Ypres almost unopposed.
Casualties were especially heavy for the 13th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), which was enveloped on three sides and had over-extended its left flank after the Algerian Division broke.
At the Battle of Kitcheners' Wood, the 10th Battalion of the 2nd Canadian Brigade was ordered to counter-attack in the gap created by the gas attack.
They formed up after on 22 April, with the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish) of the 3rd Brigade arriving to support the advance.
Both battalions attacked with over in waves of two companies each, at Without reconnaissance, the battalions ran into obstacles halfway to their objective.
Within days the British were advised by John Scott Haldane to counter the effects of the gas by urinating into a cloth and breathing through it.
The village of St. Julien (now Sint-Juliaan; ) was in the rear of the 1st Canadian Division until the poison-gas attack of 22 April, when it became the front line.
Some of the first fighting in the village involved the stand of lance corporal Frederick Fisher of the 13th Battalion CEF's machine-gun detachment; Fisher went out twice with a handful of men and a Colt machine gun, preventing advancing German troops from passing through St. Julien into the rear of the Canadian front line.
On the morning of 24 April, the Germans released another gas cloud towards the re-formed Canadian line just west of St. Julien.
The next day the York and Durham Brigade units of the Northumberland Division counter-attacked, failing to secure their objectives but establishing a new line closer to the village.
On 26 April 4, 6 and 7 Battalions, the Northumberland Brigade, the first Territorial brigade to go into action, attacked and gained a foothold in the village but were forced back, having suffered Despite hundreds of casualties, the 2nd Royal Dublin Fusiliers participated without respite in the battles at Frezenberg and Bellewaarde.
The German Army first used chlorine-gas cylinders in April 1915 against the French Army at Ypres, when yellow-green clouds drifted towards the Allied trenches.
When the gas reached the front Allied trenches, soldiers began to complain of chest pains and a burning sensation in the throat.
Francis Scrimger of the 2nd Canadian Field Ambulance may have passed the order to use urine to counteract the gas, on the advice of Lt.-Col. George Gallie Nasmith.
Fearing the chlorine, few German soldiers moved forward and the delay enabled Canadian and British troops to retake the position before the Germans could exploit the gap.
After the first German chlorine-gas attacks, Allied troops were supplied with masks of cotton pads soaked in urine; it had been discovered that the ammonia in the pad neutralised the chlorine.
Other soldiers preferred to use a handkerchief, sock or flannel body-belt, dampened with a sodium-bicarbonate solution and tied across the mouth and nose, until the gas passed.
Soldiers found it difficult to fight like this, and attempts were made to develop a better means of protection against gas attacks.
The Germans moved field artillery forward, placing three army corps opposite the 27th and 28th Divisions on the Frezenberg ridge ().
The German attack began on 8 May with a bombardment of the 83rd Brigade in trenches on the forward slope of the ridge, but the first and second infantry assaults were repelled by the survivors.
Although the neighbouring 80th Brigade repulsed the attack, the 84th Brigade was pushed back; this left a gap in the line.
The Germans were prevented from advancing further by Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI)'s counter-attacks and a night move by the 10th Brigade.
The PPCLI held the line at a steep cost; their 700-man force was reduced to 150, who were in no shape to fight.
On 24 May the Germans released a gas attack that hit Shell Trap Farm and to the area around the north west, which was affected the most by the attack.
But with shellfire and the aid from the 9th Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders they managed to hold their trenches to the end.
Although poison gas had been used on the Eastern Front, it surprised the Allies and about 7,000 gas casualties were transported in field ambulances and treated in casualty clearing stations.
Both sides developed gas weapons and counter-measures, which changed the nature of gas warfare; the French and British used gas at the Battle of Loos in late September.
Gas protection was somewhat improved with the issue of improvised respirators made from cotton waste pads impregnated with sodium hyposulphite, sodium bicarbonate and glycerin.
The respirators made little difference, however, due to lack of training and the use of local contraptions and poorly made items imported from Britain.
The division was unprepared for the warfare prevailing on the Western Front, where linear tactics were ineffective against attackers armed with magazine rifles and machine guns.
The battle was the beginning of a long period of analysis and experiment to improve the effectiveness of Canadian infantry weapons, artillery and liaison between infantry and artillery.
After the war, German casualties from 21 April to 30 May were recorded as 34,933 by the official historians of the .
In the British Official History, J. E. Edmonds and G. C. Wynne recorded British losses of 59,275 casualties, the French about 18,000 casualties on 22 April and another 3,973 from Canadian casualties from 22 April to 3 May were 5,975, of whom about 1,000 men were killed.
In 2002, Clayton wrote that thousands of men of the 45th and 87th divisions ran from the gas but that the number of casualties was low.
The First Attack on Bellewaarde was conducted by the 3rd Division of V Corps on 16 June 1915 and the Second Attack on Bellewaarde, a larger operation, was conducted from by the 3rd Division and the 14th Division of VI Corps.
The Battle of Mont Sorrel took place south of Ypres with the 20th Division (XIV Corps) and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Canadian divisions of the Canadian Corps.
The Third Battle of Ypres, also known as the Battle of Passchendaele, was fought from 31 July to 10 November 1917.
Soon after his retirement, the school board named a new elementary school in his honor, which still exists today at 3119 SE Holgate Boulevard in Portland.
Rollo Duke of Normandy, also known as The Bloody Brother, is a play written in collaboration by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson and George Chapman.
Scholars have disputed almost everything about the play; but it was probably written sometime in the 1612–24 era and later revised, perhaps in 1630 or after.
In addition to the four writers cited above, the names of Nathan Field and Robert Daborne have been connected with the play by individual scholars.
After he commits a number of other bloodthirsty deeds, Rollo is lured into a private meeting with the beautiful Edith, daughter of one of his victims, who plots to murder him.
The play was seen at the Globe Theatre on 13 May 1633, and was acted at Hampton Court Palace on 24 January 1637 (new style).
1647 was a year of relative official lenience, when the actors were surprisingly active; but the London authorities soon cracked down.
Joseph Taylor was acting Rollo; John Lowin played Aubrey, Charles Hart Otto; Nicholas Burt was Latorch, and Thomas Pollard the Cook.
Some have regarded it as a play that was originally written by Jonson and Chapman and later revised by Fletcher and Massinger; while this scheme makes a good deal of sense, others have disputed it.
Only You is Harry Connick Jr.'s 17th album from Columbia Records, released in February 2004, consisting of versions of songs from the 1920s to the 1960s.
A Grammy nominated album, which has made the top ten album charts on both sides of the Atlantic and was certified gold in March 2004, and platinum in July 2004.
The initial idea for the album came from Donnie Ierner, the President of Columbia Records who suggested that Connick produce an album of songs that the baby boomers grew up with.
Whilst playing from the piano once used by Nat King Cole, he led his big band through the selection of Christmas songs and 1950s and 1960s.
I know that most people associate it with the Platters, but I knew the Ink Spots’ version from the Thirties as well.
Traetta was born in Bitonto, a town near Bari in the Apulia region, near the top of the heel of the boot of Italy.
From here on in, Traetta seems to have had regular commissions from all around the country, running the gamut of the usual classical subjects.
Parma, it has to be said, was hardly an important place in the grand scheme of things: a minor dukedom, but a dukedom with a difference, because the incumbent was Spanish and his wife was French.
And in one of those inter-dynastic marriages which so complicate the history of Europe, he had married the eldest daughter of Louis XV.
With the result that there was currently in Parma a craze for all things French, and in particular a fixation with the splendour of Versailles.
It was in Parma, at the court of the Bourbon Duke there, that Traetta ran unexpectedly headlong into some fresh air from France.
In Parma in 1759, he found a number of significant collaborators, and he was fortunate in finding that the man in charge of opera there was a highly cultivated Paris-trained Frenchman, Guillaume du Tillot, who had the complete cultural portfolio among all his other responsibilities as Don Felipe's First Minister.
To judge from the general stylistic influence in terms of grand scenic effects, and from some specific musical borrowings, Traetta had access in Parma to copies and reports of Rameau's operas.
To their influence, Traetta added some ingredients of his own, especially a feeling for dramatic colour, in the shape of his melodies and his use of the orchestra.
The result was a combination of Italian, French and German elements, which even anticipate the Sturm und Drang movement that was to flourish a few years later, further North.
Frugoni retained certain key French elements: the five-act structure as against the customary three; the occasional opportunities for French-style spectacle and effects and in particular the dances and divertissements that end each of those five acts; and a more elaborate use of the chorus than for instance in Hasse and Graun and Jommelli.
The Court Opera of Catherine the Great performed in a theatre inside the Winter Palace itself, created by the architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli—another Italian—who was the architect of many buildings in St. Petersburg, including the Hermitage.
Too close, in fact, because in 1783, that is to say some time after Traetta's departure, she ordered it to be closed and a new one built.
There is a story, told by the Traetta association in Bitonto, that he left St. Petersburg under threat of assassination by the empress—it seems he was enraged that she insisted on a happy ending for Antigona, and in revenge put music for Polish independence into the final chaconne.
He married shortly before he died, and had a son, Filippo Traetta, who in 1800 moved to America and became a fairly successful composer.
Dirty Work is a 1998 American comedy film starring Norm Macdonald, Artie Lange, Jack Warden, and Traylor Howard and directed by Bob Saget.
In the film, long-time friends Mitch (Macdonald) and Sam (Lange) start a revenge-for-hire business, and work to fund heart surgery for Sam's father Pops (Warden).
When they take on work for an unscrupulous businessman (Christopher McDonald), in order to be paid, they create a revenge scheme of their own.
Notable cameo appearances include Don Rickles, Rebecca Romijn, John Goodman, Gary Coleman, Chris Farley (in his very last film appearance), and Adam Sandler as Satan.
Though the film received largely negative critical reviews upon its 1998 release and was a financial disappointment, it has since become a cult classic and has been reappraised more positively by some critics.
To that end, the pair plant a bunch of guns in a schoolyard bully's desk and have him arrested for gun possession; next, they catch a kid-fondling crossing guard in the act, after having applied Krazy Glue to the bottom of Mitch's pants.
As adults, after losing fourteen jobs in three months and being dumped by his girlfriend, Mitch moves in with Sam and Pops, who then has a heart attack.
Even though Pops' heart is failing, Dr. Farthing (Chevy Chase), a hopeless gambler, will raise Mr. McKenna's position on the transplant waiting list if he is paid $50,000, to save himself from his bookie.
Afterwards, Cole reneges, revealing that he is not the owner and that he had them vandalize the building so that he could buy it cheaply, evict the tenants (including Kathy's grandmother), and build a parking lot for his luxurious new opera house.
In the end, Cole is punched in the stomach, arrested and jailed, his dog is raped by a skunk, Pops gets his operation, and Mitch gets the girl.
It is located in Northeast at Monroe & 9th Street near Michigan Avenue, and serves the Brookland neighborhood of Northeast Washington, the Catholic University of America, and Archbishop Carroll High School.
Brookland–CUA station is slated to be the center of a massive transport-oriented regeneration with the aim of increasing pedestrian-friendly development and an arts-focused neighborhood.
The project includes a relocation of the station portals slightly to the south in a plaza with the western end of 9th, Newton, and Otis Streets which will be extended to the station plaza for more convenient access to the rest of the surrounding area.
In August 2014, Metro picked a joint venture involving MRP Realty and CAS Riegler LLC to begin the redevelopment of the site.
The plan called for construction of 280 apartments and condominiums; of ground-floor retail, 228 parking spaces, and the replacement of Metro's 38-space Kiss & Ride lot.
Metro proposed a 98-year lease that included rent increases, and required the joint venture to seek approval of its plans from the District of Columbia Zoning Commission.
But in January 2015, the joint venture said it would take at least four years before it could complete its plans and obtain zoning commission approval, and that it would not be able to sign a lease until 2019.
An unusual feature of this station is that the platform is slightly curved, requiring mirrors to be placed on the westbound side of the platform, to aid train operators in making sure the area is clear before closing the doors.
In addition, Brookland–CUA also has a relatively uncommon layout; passengers entering the station first take escalators, stairs, or an elevator down to a lower level which includes the station's faregates and kiosk, then use escalators or elevators to go back up to reach the platform level.
Multiple-unit train control, sometimes abbreviated to multiple-unit or MU, is a method of simultaneously controlling all the traction equipment in a train from a single location—whether it is a multiple unit comprising a number of self-powered passenger cars or a set of locomotives—with only a control signal transmitted to each unit.
This contrasts with arrangements where electric motors in different units are connected directly to the power supply switched by a single control mechanism, thus requiring the full traction power to be transmitted through the train.
The Liverpool Overhead Railway opened in 1893 with two-car electric multiple units, controllers in cabs at both ends directly controlling the traction current to motors on both cars.
The multiple unit traction control system was developed by Frank Sprague and first applied and tested on the South Side Elevated Railroad (now part of the Chicago 'L') in 1897.
In 1895, derived from his company's invention and production of direct current elevator control systems, Frank Sprague invented a multiple unit controller for electric train operation.
Each car of the train has its own traction motors: by means of motor control relays in each car energized by train-line wires from the front car all of the traction motors in the train are controlled in unison.
Sprague's MU system was adopted for use by diesel-electric locomotives and electric locomotives in the 1920s; however, these early control connections were entirely pneumatic.
Today's modern MU control utilizes both pneumatic elements for brake control and electric elements for throttle setting, dynamic braking, and fault lights.
In the early days of diesel electric MUing there were numerous different systems; some were compatible with one another, but others were not.
For example, when first delivered, many F units lacked MU cables on their noses, allowing only for MUing through the rear of the locomotive.
That meant that if a train need four locomotives and there were four A units and no B units, a train would require two train crews as the four A units could not be multiple-unit-controlled, except as two groups of two.
Most modern diesel locomotives are now delivered equipped for MU operation, allowing a consist (set) of locomotives to be operated from one cab.
However, in North America there is a high level of standardization between all railroads and manufacturers using the Association of American Railroads (AAR) system which allows any modern locomotive in North America to be connected to any other modern North American locomotive.
In the United Kingdom several different incompatible MU systems are in use (and some locomotive classes were never fitted for MU working), but more modern diesel locomotives used on British railways use the standard Association of American Railroads system.
Modern locomotive MU systems can be easily spotted due to the large MU cables to the right and left of the coupler.
The connections typically consist of several air hoses for controlling the air brake system, and an electrical cable for the control of the traction equipment.
Additional hoses link the air compressors on the locomotives and control the brakes on the locomotives independently of the rest of the train.
ore trains on mining lines, may have locomotives at each end and at intermediate locations in the train to reduce the maximum drawbar load.
Modern electric multiple unit and diesel multiple unit vehicles often utilise a specialised coupler that provides both mechanical, electrical and pneumatic connections between vehicles.
There are a few designs of fully automatic couplers in use worldwide, including the Scharfenberg coupler, various knuckle hybrids (such as the Tightlock, used in the UK), the Wedgelock coupling, Dellner couplings (similar to Scharfenberg couplers in appearance), and the BSI coupling.
Control signals are either received from the cab as normal, or from a cab car at the other end that is connected to the locomotive by cables through the intermediate cars.
In the United States Amtrak often operates one to three diesel locomotives on routes outside the Northeast corridor with only one operator.
It is triply unique in being a 3-story station, the entrance and exit are on the second floor between the three lines, and the three lines have island platforms.
Fort Totten is located in the middle of Fort Totten Park in Northeast and is accessed either via a combination of Riggs Road NE & 1st Place NE on the station's west side, or via Galloway Street NE on the station's east side.
The station is mainly considered to be in the neighborhood of Fort Totten, even though the station platform actually straddles, or in other words, basically happens to be split between the neighborhoods of Fort Totten (west side) & Queens Chapel (east side).
The Fort Totten Metro Station also serves the nearby/ adjacent neighborhoods of Riggs Park, and the far northern portion of both the North Michigan Park & Michigan Park neighborhoods in Northeast Washington D.C., the Manor Park neighborhood in Northwest Washington D.C., and the neighborhood of Chillum located north, right across the Maryland/ Washington D.C. Line (Eastern Avenue NE).
The station's name comes from a Civil War-era fortification which itself was named after General Joseph Gilbert Totten, the Chief Engineer of the antebellum US Army.
On the west side of the upper rail platform of the Fort Totten Metro Station, where the Washington Metropolitan Area Red Line train tracks operate, there is a clear view of Fort Totten Park as well as a clear view of the underground Washington Metropolitan Area Green Line train tracks.
Service began on the Red Line (upper) platform on February 6, 1978, and on the Green Line (lower) platform on December 11, 1993.
The initial, southern section of the Green Line, between the Anacostia and U Street/Cardozo stations, opened roughly two years earlier in December, 1991.
Between December 1993 and September 1999 the Green Line operated as two completely separate unconnected segments because the line between Fort Totten and U Street/Cardozo hadn't been completed yet.
The underground platform at Fort Totten served as the northern southern terminus until the mid-city Georgia Avenue-Petworth and Columbia Heights stations opened.
Passengers traveling between the two Green Line sections had to transfer to Red Line trains on the upper level at Fort Totten to continue their journey to Downtown Washington D.C.
However, in order to eliminate this transfer, during weekday rush hour peak period commuter times from January 1997 to September 1999, WMATA operated the Green Line Commuter Shortcut that bypassed Fort Totten station and used an underground connection to the Red Line, then serving all stations to Farragut North in Downtown.
The Commuter Shortcut was discontinued in September 1999 when the northern and southern portions of the Green Line were connected and the Georgia Avenue-Petworth and Columbia Heights stations opened.
On December 31, 2006, as part of an 18-month trial, WMATA decided to extend the Yellow Line north of its original terminus at the Mount Vernon Square Metro Station, to the Fort Totten Metro Station, at all other times other than during weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times.
Signage was replaced at all Green Line Stations in between the Fort Totten & Mount Vernon Square Metro Stations, to reflect this change between December 4, 2006 & January 1, 2007.
On June 26, 2008, due to the success of the 18-month trial of the Yellow Line Extension to Fort Totten, WMATA decided to permanently extend the Yellow Line to operate all the way up to Fort Totten at all other times, except weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times.
Eventually in June 2012, as part of the Metro Rush Plus program trial, the Yellow Line trains were extended further north of Fort Totten, to operate all the way up to Greenbelt during all other times, except for weekday rush hour/peak period commuter times.
Since May 25, 2019, the Yellow Line was permanently extended to operate to Greenbelt at all times, instead of terminating at Fort Totten during off-peak hours.
On June 22, 2009, two southbound Metro trains on the Red Line collided between the Takoma and Fort Totten stations, killing 9 and injuring 80, the deadliest accident in the system's history.
Plans are in the works to one day create a memorial site outside the station after the current sign was deemed insensitive by the victims' families.
The lower-level platform for the Green and Yellow Lines is unique in that it is built into a hillside, part underground in a rock tunnel, and part at ground level in an open cut.
A single-track connection east of the station allows trains to be moved between the Red and Green/Yellow Lines, and was once used for the Green Line Commuter Shortcut service to Farragut North via the Red Line tracks, before the mid-city segment of the Green Line was completed in September 1999.
Takoma is a Washington Metro station on the Red Line in the Takoma Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C., bordering Takoma Park, Maryland.
It is the last station in the District of Columbia on the eastern end of the Red Line heading to Maryland, although the station is located on the DC-Maryland state line (Eastern Avenue) and therefore Maryland is immediately across the street from the station.
The station serves the city of Takoma Park, Maryland as well as the Takoma neighborhood of Washington, D.C. and is located at the corners of where Eastern Avenue (the MD/DC Line), Carroll Street NW, Piney Branch Road NW, and Blair Road NW intersect.
The separate accessible and general entrances are a relative rarity in the Washington Metrorail System; only Rosslyn and Tenleytown-AU stations share this feature.
There are two tracks to either side of the island platform, and Metrorail trains use the track on either side closest to the platform.
Prior to the opening of Metrorail, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) operated commuter trains that served intra-DC locations, including Takoma Park (this service continues as MARC's Brunswick Line, although the closest station serving the area is in Silver Spring Maryland).
Commuter rail service ended before Metrorail service began, and the old shelter for the rail stop was demolished in order widen the right-of-way to accommodate Metrorail.
Construction of the Metrorail Station took place in the early 1970s, and the station shares architectural features with the other above-ground stations constructed across the system.
Takoma was among some of the first stations to open in the Metrorail System, less than one year after the system's inauguration on March 27, 1976.
On June 22, 2009, a southbound Metro train on the Red Line collided with another southbound train, which was stopped between the Takoma and Fort Totten stations, causing the deadliest accident in the system's history.
Walser has also served as an expert witness for over 250 music copyright infringement cases, generally reserved to the Ninth Circuit.
On the Washington Metro, Silver Spring is the first station in Maryland on the eastern end of the Red Line, and is the second-busiest Metro station in Maryland after Shady Grove.
Prior to the opening of Forest Glen on September 22, 1990, Silver Spring was the terminus for the eastern end of the Red Line.
This station is planned to be one of the Metro stations on the Purple Line system, formerly known as the Bi-County Transitway.
Like at Brookland–CUA station, the platform at Silver Spring is slightly curved, with convex mirrors located on the inbound side of the platform to aid train operators in making sure the area is clear before closing the doors.
The MARC station began service in this location in 2003, replacing the Silver Spring Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station, located about to the south.
On September 26, 2008, there was a groundbreaking ceremony that took place at the Silver Spring Metro Station, as construction of the Silver Spring Transit Center was about to begin two days later.
On September 28, 2008, both the original Silver Spring Metro Station Bus Bay where all WMATA Metrobus, Montgomery County Ride-On, and Shuttle UM Bus Routes originally stopped at, as well as the original Silver Spring Metro Station Kiss & Ride Lot were demolished, in order to make room for the construction of the Silver Spring Transit Center.
As a result, all bus route terminals were temporarily rerouted to the side streets near the Silver Spring Metro Station until the Silver Spring Transit Center opened.
The Transit Center will also mark the location for the future northern terminus of the Metropolitan Branch Trail, which heads southbound to Union Station.
In May 2014, repairs were announced to begin for the summer with the hope of completing them in time to open by early 2015, but after two months they had not resumed.
The facility was transferred from Montgomery County to WMATA in August 2015 after the completion of renovations, and opened on September 20, 2015, five years behind schedule.
Although originally intended to be a temporary exhibit, the mural placed at the station in the early 1990s has become a symbol of the downtown area of Silver Spring.
In 2004, the Silver Spring Regional Center, a county government facility, commissioned the original artist to restore the mural, which was damaged by the elements and missing sections, for approximately $30,000.
In 2004-2005, the mural was removed for the restoration, with the promise that it would be returned by the end of 2005.
In March 2017 a digital copy of the mural, printed on aluminum sheets for durability, was installed at the transit center.
Grosvenor–Strathmore (formerly Grosvenor, pronounced ) is a rapid transit station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro in North Bethesda, Maryland.
Grosvenor–Strathmore is the last above-ground station for Glenmont-bound Red Line trains; south of the station, trains cross over the Capital Beltway before descending underground.
Located to the east of Rockville Pike at its intersection with Tuckerman Lane, the main point of interest near the station is the Music Center at Strathmore.
In addition, it is the first stop outside of the Capital Beltway heading outbound towards Shady Grove on the Red Line.
The station's opening coincided with the completion of of rail northwest of the Van Ness–UDC station and the opening of the Bethesda, Friendship Heights, Medical Center and Tenleytown stations.
Escalators and an underground walkway were also added to the station to allow customers to easily cross the busy road, Rockville Pike, that is adjacent to the station.
It was named after and principally funded by the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Based in Abu Dhabi, the center hosted lectures by notable personalities such as former U.S. Presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, former U.S.
The think-tank, however, became embroiled in controversy when it became known that it also disseminated and provided a platform for anti-American, anti-Semitic, and extreme anti-Israel views.
The Anti-Defamation League alleges that the center regularly published anti-Semitic and conspiracy-theory literature, and promulgated anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism through its speakers and official publications.
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, 43 events in athletics were contested, 24 events by men and 19 by women.
It was created in 1675 for Charles FitzRoy, an illegitimate son of King Charles II by his mistress, the 1st Duchess of Cleveland.
Upon his mother's death in 1709, the 1st Duke of Southampton succeeded to her hereditary peerages (the dukedom of Cleveland, earldom of Southampton and barony of Nonsuch).
Sophie Mirabella (née Panopoulos; born 27 October 1968) is an Australian lawyer and former politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013, representing the Division of Indi, Victoria.
After spending a number of years on the backbench, Mirabella moved to the position of Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Local Government after the Coalition lost government in 2007 and to the role of Spokeswoman on Early Childhood Education, Childcare, Women and Youth in 2008.
She subsequently attempted to regain the seat, standing again for the Liberal Party at the 2016 election, but was defeated by McGowan again on an increased margin.
Upon finishing secondary school, she attended the University of Melbourne where she studied law and became involved in student activism through the Melbourne University Liberal Club, of which she was president, and as vice-president of the Australian Liberal Students' Federation.
After graduating from Melbourne University with degrees in law and commerce, Mirabella worked as a solicitor and articled clerk from 1995 to 1997.
In 1995, she began a live-in relationship with Colin Howard, then dean of law at Melbourne University, who was forty years her senior.
Her relationship with Howard was later the subject of a bitter dispute between Mirabella and Howard's adult children who questioned Mirabella's care for and treatment of their father in the months leading up to a serious illness in late 2008 when he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
Mirabella held power of attorney over Howard's affairs from early 2007, and pursuant to his 1997 will was executor and sole beneficiary of his estate following his death in 2011.
She became well known during the constitutional monarchy/republican debate in Australia, acting as a prominent advocate for retaining the constitutional monarchy, and was an elected member of the 1998 Constitutional Convention.
The referendum that followed saw all states and a majority of Australians support the retention of the constitutional monarchy over the republican model that was offered.
In 2001 Mirabella won preselection as the Liberal candidate to succeed Lou Lieberman as the Member for Indi, standing against Sussan Ley, which she won in the 2001 federal election with a vote of 61.15% on a two-party preferred basis.
Mirabella received a well above-average 5.6% swing to her in the 2004 federal election, giving her 66.3% of the two-party preferred vote and making Indi a safe Liberal seat.
Although Fifield stepped away from the group after budget cuts in 2005, Mirabella continued for a time as the group's chair.
While on the backbench, Mirabella took a strong stance on the prominent issue of asylum seekers, criticising a group of four fellow Liberal backbenchers, including Petro Georgiou and Judi Moylan, for opposing government policy on mandatory detention.
In August 2005, she called for Muslim women to be required to remove their head dress when posing for photo identification.
After the election, Mirabella was promoted to the role of Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Local Government under the leadership of Brendan Nelson.
She was also one of five Liberal MPs not present in February 2008, when a motion was passed unanimously apologising to the stolen generations of indigenous children between Federation and the 1970s.
Mirabella was one of those who pledged their support to Malcolm Turnbull when he challenged Brendan Nelson for leadership of the Liberal Party in September 2008.
She was promoted as part of the subsequent reshuffle, becoming the opposition spokeswoman on early childhood education, childcare, women and youth.
Mirabella had joined Abbott in resigning from the frontbench over Turnbull's climate change policy, and her move to the Shadow Cabinet was seen as part of the rise of the social-conservative right within the party.
The final result in Indi saw Mirabella's Liberal two-candidate preferred vote at 49.8% (−10.2), with the primary vote at 44.7% (−7.2) and the two-party preferred vote at 59.1% (+0.1).
On 17 December 2013 Mirabella was named as an appointee to the board of ASC Pty Ltd – formerly known as the Australian Submarine Corporation.
director and unsuccessful Greens Senate candidate Simon Sheikh) had a seizure live on air, with his head falling forward on the desk.
Mirabella was criticised for not responding to his situation, other than to look at the unconscious man with a look of repulsion.
On 21 April 2016, Mirabella alleged that during her failed election bid in 2013, 10 million of public funding for Wangaratta Hospital was promised by the then opposition leader, Tony Abbott.
She also alleged that, due to her eventual election loss to independent candidate Cathy McGowan, this funding was scrapped by the newly elected coalition government.
Mirabella's bid to reclaim the seat of Indi was ultimately unsuccessful, with Independent Cathy McGowan claiming victory in the race, with a near 4.5% swing against Mirabella after preferences.
Mirabella's first preference vote suffered a drop in excess of 17%, largely due to the Nationals Party fielding a candidate in Indi.
The Liberal two-party-preferred vote was reduced to 54.4% (–4.7) against Labor's 45.6% (+4.7), a marginal two-party result not seen since the 1929 election.
He then commenced the study of medicine at the London Hospital Medical College (now part of Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry) under the tutelage of Sir Frederick Treves.
The Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen sent Grenfell to Newfoundland in 1892 to improve the plight of coastal inhabitants and fishermen.
That mission began in earnest in 1892 when he recruited two nurses and two doctors for hospitals at Indian Harbour, Newfoundland and later opened cottage hospitals along the coast of Labrador.
The mission expanded greatly from its initial mandate to one of developing schools, an orphanage, cooperatives, industrial work projects, and social work.
Although founded to serve the local area, the mission developed to include the aboriginal peoples and settlers along the coasts of Labrador and the eastern side of the Great Northern Peninsula of northern Newfoundland.
One of the children Grenfell assisted was an Inuit girl, Kirkina, for whom he helped secure artificial limbs and later the Grenfell Mission educated her in nursing and midwifery.
In 1907, Grenfell imported a group of 300 reindeer from Norway to provide food and serve as draft animals in Newfoundland.
The reindeer herd eventually disappeared; however, the parasite took hold and causes cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (CSE) in caribou, a disease well known in reindeer in Scandinavia.
In order to manage its property and affairs, the International Grenfell Association, a non-profit mission society, was founded to support Grenfell's work.
The International Grenfell Association, having divested itself of all properties and operational responsibility for health and social services, boarding schools, hospitals then became a supporting association making grants and funding scholarships for medical training.
For his years of service on behalf of the people of these communities he was later knighted by the King in 1927.
In 1931, Grenfell had a small speaking role in the film, The Viking, in which he narrated the film's prologue and gave a brief statement of the tragic circumstances involving the film's production.
During the production of the film, which was filmed on location in Newfoundland, producer Varick Frissell felt that the film needed more action sequences and set out on the ice floes to film them.
The Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell Historical Society with the support of Provincial Government and the International Grenfell Association began construction of an interpretation centre in St. Anthony and it was opened in 1997.
Designed to withstand the conditions of the Labrador coast, it is a 600 thread-per-inch woven cotton gaberdine that became known as 'Grenfell Cloth' from 1923.
The cloth became the signature fabric of the Grenfell Clothing brand which is, to this day, manufactured in the United Kingdom.
In 2010, following a debate to rename this campus, the name Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland was chosen, to reflect the campus' ties to the spirit of Sir Wilfred Grenfell's legacy.
The Colfax massacre, or Colfax riot as the events are termed on the 1950 state historic marker, occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the seat of Grant Parish, where approximately 150 black men were murdered by white Southerners who had formed a militia.
In the wake of the contested 1872 election for governor of Louisiana and local offices, a group of white Democrats armed with rifles and a small cannon, overpowered Republican freedmen and state militia (also black) occupying the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax.
Most of the freedmen were killed after they surrendered; nearly 50 were killed later that night after being held as prisoners for several hours.
Estimates of the number of dead have varied, ranging from 62 to 153; three whites died but the number of black victims was difficult to determine because many bodies were thrown into the Red River or removed for burial.
In Louisiana, it had the most fatalities of any of the numerous violent events following the disputed gubernatorial contest in 1872 between Republicans and Democrats.
After this ruling, the federal government could no longer use the Enforcement Act of 1870 to prosecute actions by paramilitary groups such as the White League, which had chapters forming across Louisiana beginning in 1874.
Intimidation, murders, and black voter suppression by such paramilitary groups were instrumental to the Democratic Party regaining political control in the state legislature by the late 1870s.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, historians have paid renewed attention to the events at Colfax and the resulting Supreme Court case, and their meaning in American history.
As the Democratic-dominated legislature passed Black Codes that restricted rights of freedmen, Wells began to lean toward allowing blacks to vote and temporarily disenfranchising ex-Confederates.
It was postponed because of the New Orleans Massacre that day, in which armed Southern white Democrats attacked blacks who had a parade in support of the convention.
Anticipating trouble, the mayor of New Orleans had asked the local military commander to police the city and protect the convention.
The U. S. Army failed to promptly respond to the mayor's request and a group of numerous unarmed blacks was attacked by whites, resulting in 38 deaths: 34 black and four white; and more than 40 wounded, most of them black.
When President Andrew Johnson blamed the massacre on Republican agitation, a popular national backlash against Johnson's policies led to national voters electing a majority Republican Congress in 1866.
Earlier the Freedmen's Bureau and the occupation armies had prevented Southern Black Codes, which had limited the rights of freedmen and other blacks, (including their choices of work and living locations) from going into effect.
On March 2, 1867, they passed the Reconstruction Act, over Johnson's veto, which required that blacks be given the franchise—in Southern states but not in Northern states—and that reconstructed Southern states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before admission to the Union.
By April 1868, a biracial coalition in Louisiana had elected a Republican-majority state legislature but violence increased before the fall election.
President Johnson, a Democrat, prevented the Republican governor of Louisiana from using either the state militia or U.S. forces to suppress the insurgent groups, such as the Knights of the White Camelia.
The Red River area of Winn and Rapides parishes was a combination of large plantations and subsistence farmers; before the war, African Americans had worked as slaves on the plantations.
A former slaveholder, he lived with a mixed-race woman as his common-law wife and had come to support black political equality.
After this, Calhoun drafted a bill to create a new parish out of parts of Winn and Rapides parishes, which passed the Republican legislature; as a major planter, Calhoun thought he would have more political influence in the new parish, which had a black majority.
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)—and other insurgent groups—continued violent attacks and killed scores of blacks in Arkansas, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi and elsewhere, to discourage their voting in the 1870 elections.
Among his appointments, he installed William Ward, a black Union veteran, as commanding officer of Company A, 6th Infantry Regiment, Louisiana State Militia, a new unit to be based in Grant Parish to help control the violence there and in other Red River parishes.
Ward, born a slave in 1840 in Charleston, South Carolina, had learned to read and write as a valet to a master in Richmond, Virginia.
In 1864 he escaped and went to Fortress Monroe, where he joined the Union Army and served until after General Robert E. Lee's surrender.
After his appointment to the militia, Ward recruited other freedmen for his forces, several of whom were veterans of the war.
In Louisiana, Republican governor Henry Clay Warmoth defected from the Liberal Republicans (a group that opposed President Grant's Reconstruction) policies in 1872.
Warmoth previously supported a constitutional amendment that allowed former Confederates, who had been denied the right to vote, to be re-enfranchised.
Voting on November 4, 1872, resulted in dual governments, as a Fusionist (Liberal Republicans and Democrat)-dominated returning board declared McEnery the winner while a faction of the board proclaimed Kellogg the winner.
After failing to win their case in state court, the Kellogg forces appealed to federal judge Edward Durell in New Orleans to intervene and order that Kellogg and the Stalwart Republican-majority legislature were to be seated, and for Grant to authorize U.S. army troops to protect Kellogg's government.
This action was widely criticized across the nation by Democrats and both wings of the Republican Party because it was considered to be a violation of the rights of states to manage their own (non-federal-office) elections.
In 1874 a House investigating committee in Washington recommended that Judge Durell be impeached for corruption and illegally interfering in the Louisiana 1872 state elections, but the judge resigned in order to avoid impeachment.
McEnery's faction tried to take control of the state arsenal at Jackson Square, but Kellogg had the state militia seize dozens of leaders of McEnery's faction and control New Orleans, where the state government was located.
In September 1873 his forces, over 8,000 strong, entered the city and defeated the city/state militia of about 3500 in New Orleans.
The Democrats took control of the state house, armory and police stations, where the state government was then located, in what was known as the Battle of Jackson Square.
Warmoth appointed Democrats as parish registrars, and they ensured the voter rolls included as many whites and as few freedmen as possible.
In Grant Parish, one plantation owner threatened to expel blacks from homes they rented on his land if they voted Republican.
Like many white men in the South, Nash was a Confederate veteran (as an officer, he had been held for a year and a half as a prisoner of war at Johnson's Island in Ohio).
Republican Robert C. Register insisted that he, not Alphonse Cazabat, was the parish judge and that Republican Daniel Wesley Shaw, not Nash, was to be the sheriff.
Grant Parish was one of a number of new parishes created by the Republican government in an effort to build local support in the state.
Both the land and its people were originally tied to the Calhoun family, whose plantation had covered more than the borders of the new parish.
The total population had a narrow majority of 2400 freedmen, who mostly voted Republican, and 2200 whites, who voted as Democrats.
Statewide political tensions were reflected in the rumors going around each community, often about white fears of black attacks or outrage, which added to local tensions.
Fearful that the Democrats might try to take over the local parish government, blacks started to create trenches around the courthouse and drilled to keep alert.
On March 28, Nash, Cazabat, Hadnot and other white Fusionists called for armed whites to retake the courthouse on April 1.
Black Republicans Lewis Meekins and state militia captain William Ward, a black Union veteran, raided the homes of the opposition leaders: Judge William R. Rutland, Bill Cruikshank, and Jim Hadnot.
Gunfire erupted between whites and blacks on April 2 and again on April 5, but the shotguns were too inaccurate to do any harm.
William Ward, the commanding officer of Company A, 6th Infantry Regiment, Louisiana State Militia, headquartered in Grant Parish, had been elected state representative from the parish on the Republican ticket.
To recruit men during the rising political tensions, Nash had contributed to lurid rumors that blacks were preparing to kill all the white men and take the white women as their own.
Suffering from tuberculosis and rheumatism, on April 11 the militia captain Ward took a steamboat downriver to New Orleans to seek armed help directly from Kellogg.
Nash sent men on horseback after the fleeing black Republicans, and his paramilitary group killed most of them on the spot.
Kellogg sent state militia colonels Theodore DeKlyne and William Wright to Colfax with warrants to arrest 50 white men and to install a new, compromise slate of parish officers.
DeKlyne and Wright found the smoking ruins of the courthouse at Colfax, and many bodies of men who had been shot in the back of the head or the neck.
Surviving blacks told DeKlyne and Wright that blacks dug a trench around the courthouse to protect it from what they saw as an attempt by white Democrats to steal an election.
While the whites accused blacks of violating a flag of truce and rioting, black Republicans said that none of this was true.
The officers filed a military report in which they identified by name three whites and 105 blacks who had died, plus noted they had recovered 15-20 unidentified blacks from the river.
James Roswell Beckwith, the US Attorney based in New Orleans, sent an urgent telegram about the massacre to the U.S. Attorney General.
Various government forces spent weeks trying to round up members of the white paramilitaries, and a total of 97 men were indicted.
It had been designed to provide federal protection for civil rights of freedmen under the 14th Amendment against actions by terrorist groups such as the Klan.
Had the men been convicted, they would not have been able to appeal their decision to any appellate court according to the laws of the time.
However, Beckworth was unable to secure a conviction—one man was acquitted, and a mistrial was declared in the cases of the other eight.
However, the presiding judge, Joseph Bradley of the United States Supreme Court (riding circuit), dismissed the convictions, ruling that the charges violated the state actor doctrine, failed to prove a racial rationale for the massacre, or were void for vagueness.
Louisiana did not prosecute any of the perpetrators of the Colfax massacre; most southern states would not prosecute white men for attacks against freedmen.
In May 1874, Nash formed the first chapter of the White League from his paramilitary group, and chapters soon were formed in other areas of Louisiana, as well as the southern parts of nearby states.
Other paramilitary groups such as the Red Shirts also arose, especially in South Carolina and Mississippi, which also had black majorities of population, and in certain counties in North Carolina.
Paramilitary groups used violence and murder to terrorize leaders among the freedmen and white Republicans, as well as to repress voting among freedmen during the 1870s.
In August 1874, for instance, the White League threw out Republican officeholders in Coushatta, Red River Parish, assassinating the six whites before they left the state, and killing five to 15 freedmen who were witnesses.
Such violence served to intimidate voters and officeholders; it was one of the methods that white Democrats used to gain control of the state legislature in the 1876 elections and ultimately to dismantle Reconstruction in Louisiana.
The scale of the massacre and the political conflict it represents are of state and national significance in relation to Reconstruction and United States racial histories.
Moreover, the site has changed: some of the areas have been paved, and the old courthouse was torn down and a new courthouse was built.
Finally, without archeological work to establish where victims were buried at the site, people have had difficulty defining a site to gain approval for a historic memorial.
The Colfax massacre is among the events of Reconstruction and late 19th-century history which have received new national attention in the early 21st century, much as the 1923 massacre in Rosewood, Florida did near the end of the 20th century.
Lane especially addressed the political and legal implications of the Supreme Court case, which arose out of the prosecution of several men of the white paramilitary groups.
In 2007 the Red River Heritage Association, Inc. was formed as a group intending to establish a museum in Colfax for collecting materials and interpreting the history of Reconstruction in Louisiana and especially the Red River area.
Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt (; 17 December 183020 June 1870) was a French writer, who published books together with his brother Edmond.
The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered (or self-administered) to patients, with the aim to cure them, vaccinate them, or alleviate the symptoms.
They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting, testing, safety, efficacy and marketing of drugs.
The modern pharmaceutical industry began with local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid-1800s, and from discoveries resulting from applied research.
Intentional drug discovery from plants began with the isolation between 1803 and 1805 of morphine - an analgesic and sleep-inducing agent - from opium by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus.
By the late 1880s, German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis.
The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances, and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to evaluate the biological effects of these structural changes.
By the 1890s, the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs.
The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance.
In 1897, John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt.
Industrial chemist Jōkichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke-Davis.
Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist).
Following the work of Henry Dale and George Barger at Burroughs-Wellcome, academic chemist Gordon Alles synthesized amphetamine and tested it in asthma patients in 1929.
It received approval as a New and Nonofficial Remedy from the American Medical Association for these uses in 1937 and remained in common use for depression until the development of tricyclic antidepressants in the 1960s.
In 1903, Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs.
The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904.
Systematic investigations of the effect of structural changes on potency and duration of action led to the discovery of phenobarbital at Bayer in 1911 and the discovery of its potent anti-epileptic activity in 1912.
Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications.
The 1950s and 1960s saw increased awareness of the addictive properties and abuse potential of barbiturates and amphetamines and led to increasing restrictions on their use and growing government oversight of prescribers.
Today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy.
A series of experiments performed from the late 1800s to the early 1900s revealed that diabetes is caused by the absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas.
In 1869, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering found that diabetes could be induced in dogs by surgical removal of the pancreas.
In 1921, Canadian professor Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best repeated this study, and found that injections of pancreatic extract reversed the symptoms produced by pancreas removal.
Soon, the extract was demonstrated to work in people, but development of insulin therapy as a routine medical procedure was delayed by difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity.
The researchers sought assistance from industrial collaborators at Eli Lilly and Co. based on the company's experience with large scale purification of biological materials.
Chemist George B. Walden of Eli Lilly and Company found that careful adjustment of the pH of the extract allowed a relatively pure grade of insulin to be produced.
Under pressure from Toronto University and a potential patent challenge by academic scientists who had independently developed a similar purification method, an agreement was reached for non-exclusive production of insulin by multiple companies.
The development of drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases was a major focus of early research and development efforts; in 1900 pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea were the three leading causes of death in the United States and mortality in the first year of life exceeded 10%.
In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin.
Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections.
Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity.
Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to that time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death.
Ehrlich's approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk.
This work, also based in the testing of compounds available from the German dye industry, led to the development of Prontosil, the first representative of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics.
Compared to arsphenamine, the sulfonamides had a broader spectrum of activity and were far less toxic, rendering them useful for infections caused by pathogens such as streptococci.
Nonetheless, the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing, and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II.
In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the antibacterial effects of penicillin, but its exploitation for the treatment of human disease awaited the development of methods for its large scale production and purification.
Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases.
The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used.
In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde.
Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis.
Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy.
In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin.
The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs.
This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs.
A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs.
The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients.
In response to this episode, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which for the first time required pre-market demonstration of safety before a drug could be sold, and explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims.
Streptomycin, discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory at Rutgers in 1943, became the first effective treatment for tuberculosis.
At the time of its discovery, sanitoriums for the isolation of tuberculosis-infected people were an ubiquitous feature of cities in developed countries, with 50% dying within 5 years of admission.
The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective.
The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period.
During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year.
The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years.
Vaccine development continued to accelerate, with the most notable achievement of the period being Jonas Salk's 1954 development of the polio vaccine under the funding of the non-profit National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis.
In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species.
It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States.
In 2004 the United States Cancer Institute announced that it had concluded that SV40 is not associated with cancer in people.
Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by >95% in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination.
The first 20 years of licensed measles vaccination in the U.S. prevented an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of mental retardation, and 5,200 deaths.
Hypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, renal disease, and peripheral arterial disease, and is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, in industrialized countries.
Early developments in the field of treating hypertension included quaternary ammonium ion sympathetic nervous system blocking agents, but these compounds were never widely used due to their severe side effects, because the long term health consequences of high blood pressure had not yet been established, and because they had to be administered by injection.
In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today.
A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure.
In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide acceptance in combination therapy, including loop diuretics (Lasix/furosemide, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, 1963), beta blockers (ICI Pharmaceuticals, 1964) ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers.
ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients, irrespective of whether they have hypertension.
Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws.
The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman.
Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D.
Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million.
The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.
In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959.
The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry.
While momentum for new legislation temporarily flagged under extended debate, a new tragedy emerged that underscored the need for more comprehensive regulation and provided the driving force for the passage of new laws.
On 12 September 1960, an American licensee, the William S. Merrell Company of Cincinnati, submitted a new drug application for Kevadon (thalidomide), a sedative that had been marketed in Europe since 1956.
The FDA medical officer in charge of reviewing the compound, Frances Kelsey, believed that the data supporting the safety of thalidomide was incomplete.
The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the FDA to approve the application until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities.
The thalidomide tragedy resurrected Kefauver's bill to enhance drug regulation that had stalled in Congress, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment became law on 10 October 1962.
Manufacturers henceforth had to prove to FDA that their drugs were effective as well as safe before they could go on the US market.
In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol.
Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use.
P. Roy Vagelos, chief scientist and later CEO of Merck & Co, was interested, and made several trips to Japan starting in 1975.
After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%.
In the past most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery.
Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry.
Drug development refers to activities undertaken after a compound is identified as a potential drug in order to establish its suitability as a medication.
Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution.
Drug discovery and development are very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries.
In 2010 18 NMEs (New Molecular Entities) were approved and three biologics by the FDA, or 21 in total, which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008.
This approval comes only after heavy investment in pre-clinical development and clinical trials, as well as a commitment to ongoing safety monitoring.
If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account, the cost of developing a successful new drug (new chemical entity, or NCE), has been estimated at about US$1.3 billion(not including marketing expenses).
Professors Light and Lexchin reported in 2012, however, that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades.
While the cost of research in the U.S. was about 34.2 billion between 1995 and 2010, revenues rose faster (revenues rose by 200.4 billion in that time).
A study by the consulting firm Bain & Company reported that the cost for discovering, developing and launching (which factored in marketing and other business expenses) a new drug (along with the prospective drugs that fail) rose over a five-year period to nearly $1.7 billion in 2003.
Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money).
Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense.
A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly.
Some approved drugs, such as those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient (also referred to as Line-extensions) are much less expensive to develop.
Due to repeated accusations and findings that some clinical trials conducted or funded by pharmaceutical companies may report only positive results for the preferred medication, the industry has been looked at much more closely by independent groups and government agencies.
In response to specific cases in which unfavorable data from pharmaceutical company-sponsored research was not published, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America have published new guidelines urging companies to report all findings and limit the financial involvement in drug companies of researchers.
US congress signed into law a bill which requires phase II and phase III clinical trials to be registered by the sponsor on the clinicaltrials.gov website run by the NIH.
Drug researchers not directly employed by pharmaceutical companies often look to companies for grants, and companies often look to researchers for studies that will make their products look favorable.
An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services.
AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly have paid billions of dollars in federal settlements over allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses.
In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest.
The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients.
In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective.
This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials.
Phase II can include pharmacokinetics and dosing in patients, and Phase III is a very large study of efficacy in the intended patient population.
The FDA review the data and if the product is seen as having a positive benefit-risk assessment, approval to market the product in the US is granted.
A fourth phase of post-approval surveillance is also often required due to the fact that even the largest clinical trials cannot effectively predict the prevalence of rare side-effects.
In certain instances, its indication may need to be limited to particular patient groups, and in others the substance is withdrawn from the market completely.
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London.
Then it is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), for England and Wales, who decides if and how the National Health Service (NHS) will allow (in the sense of paying for) their use.
This focuses on the efficiency (in terms of the cost per QALY) of the technologies in question rather than their efficacy.
In England and Wales NICE decides whether and in what circumstances drugs and technologies will be made available by the NHS, whilst similar arrangements exist with the Scottish Medicines Consortium in Scotland, and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia.
For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act.
Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents.
The United States accounts for more than a third of the global pharmaceutical market, with $340 billion in annual sales followed by the EU and Japan.
The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales.
The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abilify ($6.3 billion,) Nexium ($6 billion) and Humira ($5.4 billion).
The best-selling drug ever, Lipitor, averaged $13 billion annually and netted $141 billion total over its lifetime before Pfizer's patent expired in November 2011.
IMS Health publishes an analysis of trends expected in the pharmaceutical industry in 2007, including increasing profits in most sectors despite loss of some patents, and new 'blockbuster' drugs on the horizon.
Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years.
However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities grant permission for the company to market and sell the drug.
Patent protection enables the owner of the patent to recover the costs of research and development through high profit margins for the branded drug.
Often the owner of the branded drug will introduce a generic version before the patent expires in order to get a head start in the generic market.
In the U.S., the value of prescriptions increased over the period of 1995 to 2005 by 3.4 billion annually, a 61 percent increase.
Retail sales of prescription drugs jumped 250 percent from $72 billion to $250 billion, while the average price of prescriptions more than doubled from $30 to $68.
Pharmaceutical companies generally employ sales people (often called 'drug reps' or, an older term, 'detail men') to market directly and personally to physicians and other healthcare providers.
Some advocacy groups, such as No Free Lunch and AllTrials, have criticized the effect of drug marketing to physicians because they say it biases physicians to prescribe the marketed drugs even when others might be cheaper or better for the patient.
A 2005 review by a special committee of the UK government came to all the above conclusions in a European Union context whilst also highlighting the contributions and needs of the industry.
Meta-analyses have shown that psychiatric studies sponsored by pharmaceutical companies are several times more likely to report positive results, and if a drug company employee is involved the effect is even larger.
The potential for direct conflict of interest has been raised, partly because roughly half the authors who selected and defined the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders had or previously had financial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry.
In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with physicians and hospitals.
In a report conducted by the Center for Responsive Politics, there were more than 1,100 lobbyists working in some capacity for the pharmaceutical business in 2017.
In the first quarter of 2017, the health products and pharmaceutical industry spent $78 million on lobbying members of the United States Congress.
Ben Goldacre has argued that regulators – such as the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK, or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States – advance the interests of the drug companies rather than the interests of the public due to revolving door exchange of employees between the regulator and the companies and friendships develop between regulator and company employees.
He argues that regulators do not require that new drugs offer an improvement over what is already available, or even that they be particularly effective.
Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease.
A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.
These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs.
Examples of fraud cases include the GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion settlement, Pfizer $2.3 billion settlement and Merck & Co. $650 million settlement.
Every major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud.
Following charges of illegal marketing, two of the settlements set records last year for the largest criminal fines ever imposed on corporations.
In the Bextra case, the government also charged Pfizer with illegally marketing another antipsychotic, Geodon; Pfizer settled that part of the claim for $301 million, without admitting any wrongdoing.
On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company.
The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bribing doctors, and promoting medicines for uses for which they were not licensed.
The following is a list of the four largest settlements reached with pharmaceutical companies from 1991 to 2012, rank ordered by the size of the total settlement.
Legal claims against the pharmaceutical industry have varied widely over the past two decades, including Medicare and Medicaid fraud, off-label promotion, and inadequate manufacturing practices.
In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration.
In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent.
HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the time cost between 10,000 and US$15,000 per patient per year.
This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford.
To do so, they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country (using a compulsory license), or import them from abroad.
After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year.
In 2016, GlaxoSmithKline (the worlds 6th largest Pharmaceutical) announced that it would be dropping its patents in poor countries so as to allow independent companies to make and sell versions of its drugs in those areas, thereby widening the public access to them.
In 2011 four of the top 20 corporate charitable donations and eight of the top 30 corporate charitable donations came from pharmaceutical manufacturers.
The bulk of corporate charitable donations (69% as of 2012) comes by way of non-cash charitable donations, the majority of which again were donations contributed by pharmaceutical companies.
Later, both women became directors of Virago Press, a publishing concern committed to women's writing, with Carmen Callil, who had founded the company in 1973.
She has sat on judging panels for literary awards, including chairing the panel responsible for choosing the 2001 Orange Prize for Fiction.
She was banned from driving for three years in September 2003 after crashing on the A303 in Wiltshire, injuring another driver.
On 5 August 2008, she was appointed as the chairman of London Food as part of Conservative Mayor Boris Johnson's attempt to help improve Londoners’ access to healthy, locally produced and affordable food.
The Duke of Schomberg was part of King William of Orange’s army and camped in the Holywood hills area of Craigantlet in Northern Ireland.
He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox, during his 23-year MLB career.
Wynn was identified as one of the most intimidating pitchers in the game, having combined his powerful fastball with a hard attitude toward batters.
Wynn signed with the Senators at the age of 17, deciding to forego completing his high school education, in pursuit of a baseball career.
Wynn missed all of 1945 and a portion of the 1946 season, while serving in the United States Army during the latter part of World War II.
Wynn was a member of one of baseball's best pitching rotations, along with Bob Feller, Mike Garcia, and Bob Lemon, while with the Indians in the mid-1950s.
He won the 1959 Cy Young Award, beginning to rely more heavily on the knuckleball, as the velocity of his pitches declined.
He finished with exactly 300 career wins, having spent the last several months of his career in pursuit of that win.
Wynn was born January 6, 1920, in Hartford, Alabama, the son of Blanche Wynn and Early Wynn Sr., an automobile mechanic and former semipro baseball player.
As a sophomore, Wynn was about to become the top running back at his school when he suffered a broken leg on a punt return.
He made it back to the major leagues in 1941, starting five games, completing four of them and finishing with a 3-1 win-loss record.
He pitched 33 games the next year and earned a decision in almost every game, totaling 17 wins with 15 losses.
Wynn made the 1947 AL All-Star squad (did not pitch) for the first time as a replacement for an injured Bob Feller.
In a December 1948 trade, Wynn and Mickey Vernon were sent to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Joe Haynes, Ed Klieman and Eddie Robinson.
A month earlier, the Boston Red Sox had offered Johnny Pesky to Washington for Wynn, but the trade did not go through.
The Indians' pitching coach and former star pitcher Mel Harder taught him how to throw a curveball, slider, changeup and knuckleball.
Wynn assimilated Harder's lessons easily, and after his 1949 season adjustment, the next year he recorded 18 wins and led the AL with a 3.20 ERA.
By that time he had become part of one of the greatest pitching rotations in MLB history, joining Bob Feller, Bob Lemon and Mike Garcia.
The team went to the 1954 World Series; Wynn pitched one game and the Indians were defeated by the New York Giants in four straight games.
He was an All-Star for the second time in his career and pitched 3 scoreless innings in the game; this selection marked the start of six consecutive All-Star seasons.
In a 1956 game, he was struck in the face by a sharp line drive off the bat of Washington Senators shortstop Jose Valdivielso.
In 1957, Wynn became the second pitcher in major league history to win a game by a score of 1-0 while recording at least ten strikeouts and hitting a home run.
In 1958 Wynn became the first MLB pitcher to lead his league in strikeouts in consecutive years with different teams (184 with Cleveland, 189 with Chicago).
He won the Cy Young Award in 1959 at the age of 39, posting a record of 22–10, with 179 strikeouts and a 3.16 ERA which helped lead the White Sox to the AL pennant championship.
He was the third oldest MLB pitcher to win 20 games in a season, following Cy Young and Grover Cleveland Alexander.
He also was the starting pitcher in the first of two All-Star Games held in 1959 (MLB held two All-Star Games from 1959 through 1962).
In the 1950s Wynn had more strikeouts (1,544) than any other pitcher in the majors and was quite capable with the bat as well.
His 90 pinch-hit appearances included a grand slam, making him one of five MLB pitchers to record a grand slam as a pinch-hitter.
In 1960, Wynn was an All-Star for the seventh and last time (7 seasons) and pitched two scoreless innings in the second All-Star Game held that season (his 9th All-Star game).
In 1961, he was 8-2 but his season ended in July because of gout that caused persistent pain in his arm and legs.
In that season, he won his 300th game, after failing to collect the milestone win in seven starts over nine months in 1962–63.
Both the timeframe and the number of attempts are the longest between any pitcher's 299th and 300th wins in MLB history.
His last game appearance was on September 13, 1963, pitching the last third inning of the 6th against the Los Angeles Angels in relief of Jack Kralick.
Long after his retirement, which came at the end of the 1963 season, Wynn reflected on his 300th win and said that he was not proud of the milestone.
Wynn said that he had been awake all night before the game, suffering from pain related to the gout that had long affected him.
Wynn was the last active major leaguer who played in the 1930s, becoming one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in major league games in four decades.
His durability helped him lead the American League in innings three times (1951, 1954, 1959) and propelled him to an AL record for most years pitched (23).
Several of his players – including Sam McDowell, Sonny Siebert, Luis Tiant and Steve Hargan – were still with the team in 1967 when they set a record for team strikeouts in a season.
In 1972, the team considered activating the 52-year-old Wynn to pitch one inning if retired star Ted Williams would hit against him.
The move would have made Wynn the first player to pitch in five different decades, but Williams was not interested and the team dropped the idea.
From their inaugural 1977 season through the end of the 1981 season, he provided the color commentary for radio broadcasts of Toronto Blue Jays games, working alongside Tom Cheek.
This means that if a value of 1 is assigned to any player Wynn played on the same team with, and a value of 2 assigned to any player who played on the same team with a player with a value of 1, and so on, and the mean value is found by considering each player in baseball history, Wynn's value is lower than any other player's.
His attitude was encouraged early in his career by manager Bucky Harris, who ordered Wynn to throw brushback pitches when he got two strikes on a batter.
Whenever an opposing batter would line one of his pitches back toward the mound, Wynn would retaliate by throwing a brushback pitch at the batter the next time the batter faced him.
In 1962, when Wynn was with the White Sox, he was throwing batting practice and his teammate Joe Cunningham hit a line drive that missed Wynn by inches.
Whenever one of his teammates was knocked down by an opposing pitcher, Wynn would retaliate by knocking down two of the opposing pitcher's teammates.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail north of the Silver Spring station and the opening of the Wheaton station.
The station is the deepest in the system at deep, so high-speed elevators, rather than escalators, are used for access to the surface.
A free shuttle run by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints operates in between the station and the Washington DC Temple near the Capital Beltway.
The original plan was to build the station above ground, with a parking lot that would have required demolishing about fifteen homes.
The originally planned location for the parking lot and bus stops was on the east side of Georgia Avenue, between Sherwood Road and Tilton Drive, near Woodland Drive.
Tilton Drive would have been closed between Georgia Avenue and Woodland Drive in order to reduce traffic through the nearby residential neighborhood.
Response to plans for the underground station were mixed, with some residents and local businesses looking forward to the convenience of a nearby station and other residents concerned about potential increases in traffic in the area.
Due to tracks resting at a depth of , Forest Glen is the only station in the system without direct surface access by way of escalators.
Instead, there is a bank of six high-speed elevators that travel at a rate of between the underground station and the surface.
Because of the lack of escalators, Forest Glen is the only station equipped with smoke doors to protect customers during a train fire and evacuation.
Building the tunnels through soft rock close to the surface would have been either very costly or impossible, so engineers decided to dig the tunnels through harder, more solid rock deeper in the ground.
Another architectural feature of this station is separate tunnels and platforms for each direction, instead of the large, vaulted common room seen at most other underground stations.
This design, shared with Wheaton, was used because it was cheaper than building a larger two-tracked station with a larger base and higher vaulted ceilings.
He beat Marion Thomas by a knockout in round seven, Rocky Ramon by a decision in twelve, Arturo Leon by decision in ten, Bruce Strauss by knockout in three, Bobby Rodriguez by knockout in one, and others.
On October 2 of 1980, at the Caesars Palace hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, he got his only world title shot, losing to Saoul Mamby by a fifteen-round decision for the WBC's world Jr. Welterweight title.
In 2003, the American military, needing personnel to work rebuilding Iraq's infrastructure, contracted him as a fumigator to work on Iraqi homes that had been decaying and infected with insects during Saddam Hussein's presidency.
After the IOC announced that Iraq would be allowed to compete in seven sports at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, including boxing, the United States military, overviewing the new Iraqi Olympic committee, set about to find a new boxing coach for the Iraqi national boxing team.
Realizing he needed to train the team in a setting different from Baghdad, he moved his team to a city close to Baghdad, but much quieter than the capital city.
He trained nine Iraqi boxers who hoped to reach the Olympics, but, out of those, only Najah Ali was able to qualify for the games.
The phrase has become so popular in Iraq that the United States military has ordered 1,000 T-shirts to be printed with the phrase, to be handled among Iraqi citizens.
He had already succeeded as 2nd Baronet, of Kiveton (1647) and been created Viscount Osborne, of Dunblane (1673), Baron Osborne, of Kiveton in the County of York (also 1673) and Viscount Latimer, of Danby in the County of York (also 1673), Earl of Danby, in the County of York (1674), and Marquess of Carmarthen (1689).
All these titles were in the Peerage of England, except for the viscountcy of Osborne, which was in the Peerage of Scotland.
The Earldom of Danby was a revival of the title held by his great-uncle, Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby (see Earl of Danby).
The Dukedom was named for Leeds in Yorkshire, and did not (as is sometimes claimed) refer to Leeds Castle in Kent.
On 8 August 1849, The 7th Duke of Leeds assumed by royal licence the additional surname and arms of D'Arcy, for the Barony of D'Arcy (1322) and Conyers he inherited through his grandmother.
Upon the death of the 7th Duke in 1859, the dukedom passed to his cousin, The 2nd Baron Godolphin, whose father (the second son of The 5th Duke of Leeds) had been created Baron Godolphin, of Farnham Royal in the County of Buckingham, in 1832.
Eight months later, the 12th Duke died in Rome, unmarried, at which point the dukedom and the Barony of Godolphin became extinct.
The station serves the suburb of Wheaton, and is located at the intersection of Georgia Avenue (Maryland Route 97) and Reedie Drive.
It was the northeastern end of the Red Line for nearly eight years, until the Glenmont station opened in July 1998.
The Wheaton station features the longest set of single-span escalators in the Western Hemisphere, each featuring a length of , with a vertical rise of .
It is the second deepest station in the system, behind Forest Glen, which has an elevator-only exit due to its depth.
Another architectural feature of this station is separate tunnels and platforms for each direction, instead of the large, vaulted common room seen at most other underground stations in the Metro system.
This design, which is similar to many of the London Underground's tube stations, was used to save money due to the station's depth.
Lord Frederick Michael George David Louis Windsor (born 6 April 1979) is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent.
He is a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II, a first cousin twice removed of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and a second cousin of Prince Charles, Prince of Wales and his siblings.
He was educated at Wetherby School, Sunningdale School, Eton College, and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he gained a 2:1 in Classics.
He has also been a trainee at a bank and has worked as a fashion model for a campaign by Burberry and for the designer Tomasz Starzewski.
The Queen consented to the marriage, as required under the Royal Marriages Act 1772, and they were married at Hampton Court on 12 September 2009.
The couple's first child, Maud Elizabeth Daphne Marina, was born at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center on 15 August 2013 in Los Angeles.
On 20 January 2016, it was announced Lord and Lady Frederick Windsor had become parents to a girl, Isabella Alexandra May, born on 16 January 2016 at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London.
She was baptised at Kensington Palace in June 2016 with Jamie Oliver, a close friend of her mother, serving as one of the godparents.
In September 2016, it was announced that Lord Frederick had become president of the charity Soldier On!, which invites vulnerable, disadvantaged or socially isolated people to participate in archaeology and heritage projects as well as personal development workshops.
Constantin Kaplinsky developed TightVNC, using and extending the RFB protocol of Virtual Network Computing (VNC) to allow end-users to control another computer's screen remotely.
It is possible to watch videos and play DirectX games through TightVNC over a broadband connection, albeit at a low frame rate.
TightVNC is cross-compatible with other client and server implementations of VNC; however, tight encoding is not supported by most other implementations, so it is necessary to use TightVNC at both ends to gain the full advantage of its enhancements.
Among notable enhancements are file transfers, support for Windows DFMirage mirror driver to detect screen updates (saves CPU time and increases the performance of TightVNC), ability to zoom the picture and automatic SSH tunneling on Unix.
Since the 2.0 beta, TightVNC supports auto scaling, which resizes the viewer window to the remote users desktop size, regardless of the resolution of the host computer.
TurboVNC is based on the TightVNC 1.3.x, xf4vnc, X.org, and TigerVNC code bases and includes numerous performance enhancements and features targeted at 3D and video workloads.
The software consists of a server (VNC Server) and client (VNC Viewer) application for the Virtual Network Computing (VNC) protocol to control another computer's screen remotely.
Andy Harter (CEO of RealVNC Limited) and other members of the original VNC team at AT&T founded RealVNC Limited in 2002.
A RealVNC client also runs on the Java platform and on the Apple iPhone, iPod touch and iPad and Google Android devices.
A Windows-only client, VNC Viewer Plus is available, designed to interface to the embedded server on Intel AMT chipsets found on Intel vPro motherboards.
As of release 4.3 (released August 2007), separate versions of both the Personal and Enterprise editions exist for 32-bit and 64-bit systems.
With the release of VNC 5.0 late December 2013, RealVNC software editions used a single binary which superseded VNC Enterprise Edition and VNC Personal Edition.
RealVNC clients using codice_1 can run in full-screen mode; they use the F8 function-key as the default key for bringing up an options menu (which includes the option to, among other things, switch off full screen mode or to forward a Control-Alt-Delete key-sequence).
When making a connection over the Internet, the user must open this port in the local firewall as well as configure port forwarding to forward TCP Port 5900 (or the customized port respectively) to the local machine address if behind a NAT Router.
As an alternative, one can tunnel VNC through SSH, avoiding the opening of additional ports and automatically traversing the NAT router.
Although this leads to great flexibility (e.g., any type of desktop can be displayed), it is often less efficient than solutions that have a better understanding of the underlying graphic layout, like X11.
Those protocols send graphic primitives or high-level commands in a simpler form (e.g., open window), whereas RFB just sends the raw pixel data.
Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain, with the title Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull being a title in the Peerage of England.
The Dukedom was created on 10 August 1715 for his great-grandson, Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester, who had succeeded as the fifth Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull in 1690.
Unlike the city to which they refer, Kingston upon Hull, which is usually shortened to Hull, these titles are usually shortened to Duke (or Earl) of Kingston.
They should not be confused with the separate Irish Earldom of Kingston (which refers to the town of Kingston in County Dublin).
Sir Henry Pierrepont's son, Sir Robert Pierrepont, was created Viscount Newark and Baron Pierrepont in the Peerage of England on 29 June 1627.
In 1628 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull with a remainder to heirs general, also in the Peerage of England.
She was a granddaughter of George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, and through him, all their descendants are able to claim descent from Edward III, through Edward's younger son, Thomas of Woodstock.
The Earldom and other titles devolved on his nephew, Robert, the third Earl, the eldest son of the Honourable William Pierrepont, second son of the first Earl.
He was created Marquess of Dorchester in the Peerage of England in 1706, a revival of the title held by his uncle, and later created Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1715, with these titles becoming extinct on the death of the first Duke's grandson, Evelyn, the second Duke, in 1773.
He changed his surname to Pierrepont, and was created Baron Pierrepont, of Holme Pierrepont in 1796 and later created Earl Manvers in 1806.
The first was created in 1949, measuring 49 x 37.5 centimetres (19.3 x 14.8 in), and is housed in the Haggerty Museum of Art at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Dalí created a second painting in 1950 with the same title and same themes, with various poses and details changed, measuring 275.3 x 209.8 centimetres (108.4 x 82.6 in); The 1950 Madonna is exhibited at the Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum in Japan.
They are posed in a landscape, with features of the coast of Port Lligat, Catalonia, in the background, with surrealist details including nails, fish, seashells, and an egg.
The 1949 Madonna has a sea urchin; the 1950 Madonna has a rhinoceros and figures of angels, also posed by Gala.
Victoria Kawēkiu Kaʻiulani Lunalilo Kalaninuiahilapalapa Cleghorn (October 16, 1875 – March 6, 1899) was heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii and held the title of Crown Princess.
After the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, she visited the United States to help restore the Kingdom; she made many speeches and public appearances denouncing the overthrow of her government and the injustice toward her people.
While in Washington, D.C., she paid an informal visit to U.S. President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston, but her efforts could not prevent eventual annexation.
Through her mother, Kaʻiulani was descended from High Chief Kepoʻokalani, the first cousin of Kamehameha the Great on the side of Kamehameha's mother, Kekuʻiapoiwa II.
Kaʻiulani was named after her maternal aunt Anna Kaʻiulani who died young, and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, whose help restored the sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom of Hawaii during the reign of Kamehameha III.
In 1881, King Kalākaua tried to arrange a marriage between Kaʻiulani and Japan's Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito in hopes of creating an alliance between Japan and the Kingdom of Hawaii.
In 1894, Queen Liliʻuokalani wrote to her niece to marry one of the three: Prince David Kawānanakoa, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, or Prince Komatsu Akihito (then studying in London), the half-brother of Higashifushimi Yorihito.
She replied to her aunt that she would prefer to marry for love unless it was necessary to protect the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
On February 3, 1898, she declared her engagement to Prince David Kawānanakoa, but her early death ended the hope of marriage.
The Princess grew up knowing painters Joseph Dwight Strong, a landscape painter in the court of her uncle, and Isobel Strong, a lady in waiting under her mother and stepdaughter of Robert Louis Stevenson.
Art and music were also in the curriculum at Great Harrowden Hall, and she took several trips to Scotland and France to study art.
Because Princess Kaʻiulani was second in line to the throne after her elderly and childless aunt, the young girl was expected to eventually become Queen.
In 1889, at the age of 13, Kaʻiulani was sent to Northamptonshire, England to be given a private education at Great Harrowden Hall.
She excelled in her studies of Latin, Literature, Mathematics, and History there and took classes in French, German, and sports (mostly tennis and cricket).
In 1892, Kaʻiulani made a new start by moving to Brighton where she was chaperoned and tutored by Mrs. Rooke who set up a curriculum including German, French and English.
She continued to study in England for the next four years, despite originally being told that she would only be there for one year.
Her overseers from Hawaii had planned for her to take a trip around Europe and had even arranged for her to have an audience with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
However, following the overthrow of her Aunt, Queen Liliʻuokalani, on January 17, 1893 by local businessmen, all plans were cancelled and she went to New York.
The news arrived to Kaʻiulani on January 30, 1893 in a short telegram that said: Queen Deposed', 'Monarchy Abrogated', 'Break News to Princess.
However, when Cleveland brought Kaʻiulani's case to Congress, while the United States Senate did not proceed with annexation, it refused to restore the monarchy.
There, she received news in 1894 that her childhood friend, author Robert Louis Stevenson, had died and that a new Republic of Hawaii had been established.
Kaʻiulani's health worsened when she learned that her half-sister, Annie Cleghorn, had died in 1897 and her guardian from England, Theophilus Harris Davies, had also died.
The Princess suffered eye problems and developed migraines following the overthrow of the monarchy (although one such headache kept her from participating in a charity event in Paris, where a devastating fire killed scores of society women).
With the approval of Queen Liliʻuokalani and Queen Dowager Kapiʻolani and in compliance with the last Hawaiian constitution, Princess Kaʻiulani and Prince Kawānanakoa announced their engagement on February 3, 1898.
She was now a private citizen of the Republic of Hawaii, and on August 12, 1898 became citizen of the Territory of Hawaii as the annexation finally took place.
During the Annexation ceremony, the Princess and her aunt, Liliʻuokalani, along with other members of the royal family and with the heads of every Hawaiian political party, wore funeral attire and shuttered themselves within Washington Place, protesting what they considered an illegal transaction.
In 1898, while on a horse ride in the mountains of Hawaii Island, Kaʻiulani was caught in a storm and came down with a fever and pneumonia.
The film's world premiere was held at the Hawaii Theatre in Honolulu, Hawaii, on Friday, October 16, 2009, as part of the Hawaii International Film Festival.
Their goal is to reveal Kaʻiulani as a heroine who fought for her nation in its hour of need, and to serve as a meeting place and reference for other works about the Princess.
Glenmont was planned to be the location of the end of a line in the original layout of the Metrorail system that was approved in 1968.
Two months later, the Glenmont Vicinity Citizens Association and several other citizens' groups attempted to have the line end at Silver Spring instead because they did not want the added development and they thought the extended lines would be too expensive.
As of 1970, the site for building the station was vacant land zoned for residential use and owned by Georgia Avenue Baptist Church.
Safeway wanted to build a supermarket on the site, and it petitioned the county to change the site from residential to commercial zoning in 1970.
WMATA protested, saying that rezoning would add $750,000 to the value of the land, which would increase its costs when it later needed to purchase the land.
WMATA could not purchase the land at the time because engineering studies determining the exact placement of the station had not yet been completed and, regardless, it had not appropriated the funds to purchase the land yet.
Metro asked Montgomery County to purchase the land to hold for its eventual use, but the county declined when WMATA could not guarantee that engineering studies would later find the site suitable for the station.
Because the surrounding land was already classified as commercial and because WMATA would not need the land for the station for at least eight more years, the Montgomery County Council said it had no authority to decline the rezoning request.
Days later, a deal was struck, whereas WMATA pledged to purchase the land within three years, Montgomery County would reserve the land for WMATA, and Georgia Avenue Baptist Church would not be required to pay property tax on the land.
In May 1977, Secretary of Transportation Brock Adams questioned extending the Red Line to Glenmont, citing the increased costs projected after engineers determined that the bedrock required building the tracks much deeper than had been anticipated.
Under pressure from the Office of Management and Budget and President Jimmy Carter's administration, Adams requested that the line be studied again to determine whether a bus, trolley, or highway would be a good alternative to extending the red line to Glenmont.
Montgomery County Executive James P. Gleason responded, saying that the line had been studied extensively already, and he considered pulling all county funding from building the Metrorail system if the Glenmont extension did not go forward.
By June, a compromise had been reached; cost-cutting measures would be studied, but the Red Line would indeed be extended to Glenmont.
The following month, Gleason decided to withhold all funding to WMATA until the Department of Transportation guaranteed in writing that the Metrorail extension to Glenmont would be built.
The Montgomery County Council voted in disagreement with Gleason's decision, thinking that the action might also jeopardize the Metrorail extension to Shady Grove, but the Council did not actually have the power to force him to send the money to WMATA.
Maryland Secretary of Transportation Hermann Intemann also decided to withhold state funding to WMATA until Adams guaranteed the line would be built.
In October, consultants suggested building Forest Glen and Wheaton stations as two small, separated tubes, rather than using one large cavernous design that had been used for nearly every other underground station.
Gleason praised the study because it saved significant money without sacrificing the stations, and he decided to release Montgomery County's construction funding after plans surfaced for a study by region-wide task force.
In February 1978, the Department of Transportation approved engineering studies of the Glenmont line extension, which suggesting it was warming to building the line after all.
The study by a regionwide task force ended up approving the routing of stations on other Metrorail lines but it did not review the routing of the red line at all.
In August, WMATA board members approved a Metrorail plan that included building the Glenmont extension as the latter phase of a two-phase construction schedule.
In 1984, President Reagan's administration limited the number of miles of track that could be built, effectively preventing the extending the red line from Wheaton to Glenmont.
Until 2006, Glenmont was also the only station in the system lit with sodium lamps, which gave the station a warm orange glow.
There is a car-storage lot just north of the station on a lot that was purchased by the county for the proposed Foxhall Elementary School and Layhill Junior High School, neither of which were built.
The titles of Baron Bosworth and Earl of Tinmouth were created at the same time, and they are subsidiary to the English dukedom.
Since 13 December 1707, the dukedom is also a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain.
The peerage and its subsidiary titles were generally considered to have been forfeit by the English parliament in 1695, when James FitzJames was attainted following the enforced exile of his father.
The College of Arms in its Roll of the Peerage does not list any such title, which means that it is non-existent today in England.
On 13 December 1707, King Philip V confirmed or issued the title in Spain, and he conferred the dignity of Grandee of Spain on James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick.
At the death of Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba and 10th Duke of Berwick, the English title would have been inherited by his nephew Don Fernando FitzJames Stuart, 15th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero (1922–1971), and subsequently by Fernando's son Don Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 16th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero and current head of the House of FitzJames (born in 1947 and without children).
Spanish noble titles historically have followed the rule of male-preference primogeniture, which allows a female to succeed if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants.
With the death of the 10th Duke of Berwick in September 1953, his only child, Doña Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, succeeded him in his Spanish titles, including the Spanish dukedom of Berwick.
With her death in November 2014, the dukedom passed to her eldest son, Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo.
FASat-Alfa was to become the first Chilean satellite, and was constructed under a Technology Transfer Program between the Chilean Air Force (FACH) and Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) of the United Kingdom.
The primary goal of the Program was to obtain for Chile the basic scientific and technological experience required to continue with more advanced steps.
The purposes of the FASat-Alfa mission are to create a group of engineers with aerospace experience, to have the first Chilean satellite in orbit, and to install and operate the Mission Control Station (ECM-Santiago) in Chile.
Its orbit was intended to be 682 x 651 km, inclined at 82.53 degrees; however, the spacecraft failed to separate from the failed Ukrainian satellite it was attached to.
From the 1960s onward, Prenzlauer Berg was associated with proponents of East Germany's diverse counterculture including Christian activists, bohemians, state-independent artists, and the gay community.
To the West and Southwest it borders Mitte, to the South Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, to the East Lichtenberg, and to the North Weißensee and Pankow.
Prenzlauer Berg (literally Prenzlau Hill) was always seen as a hill by the inhabitants of historic Berlin situated to the South in the glacial valley along the river Spree.
This hill consists of the rubble from the countless houses that were destroyed in World War II during allied air raids and by Soviet artillery in the Battle of Berlin.
Over 80% of all housing in this area was constructed before 1948, with the oldest building still standing being from 1848 at Kastanienallee 77.
Though substantial, there was less war-related destruction here than in other parts of the city, which were almost entirely wiped out by the allied bombing campaign.
Apart from the apartment buildings in the area around Ostseestraße built in the 1950s, characterized by the architectural style of Socialist Classicism, the borough was mostly left alone by Socialist city planners until the 1980s when prestigious high rise buildings were built in Ernst-Thälmann-Park.
At the time of German Reunification the borough's residential areas were characterized by dilapidated grey facades that had not seen a coat of paint since the 1930s.
In the 1990s the buildings that belonged to state-owned housing associations were sold to private investors, who had them renovated and raised the rents.
In the 21st century the many empty lots that were sites for the street culture integral to the bohemian character of the borough were filled by high-class condominiums.
Over 300 buildings remain protected as historic monuments, like the municipal swimming pool at Oderberger Straße and the breweries on Milastraße and Knaackstraße.
Although places that provide a truly traditional Berlin staple are few and far between, there is a vast array of restaurants offering Arab, Turkish, Vietnamese, Tex-Mex, and Italian cuisine, especially around Kastanienalle, Kollwitzplatz, and Helmholtzplatz.
Thanks to the long property lots, the blocks, more often than not, are very large and have abundant backyards, some having a perimeter of more than a kilometer.
Notable buildings are the large churches of the district, of which Gethsemane Church (designed by August Orth and built in 1891-1893) at Stargarder Straße is best known for its role in the peaceful revolution that brought down the Wall in 1989.
Its 66-meter steeple is surpassed by that of Segenskirche on Schönhauser Allee (79 meters) and of Immanuelkirche on Prenzlauer Allee (68 meters).
During the Third Reich the building escaped the antisemitic November pogrom in 1938, for the synagogue was tightly surrounded by residential buildings.
In July 1945 it reopened for services, underwent several renovations (1952/1953, 1976, 1987/1988) and on the occasion of its 100th anniversary it was restored to its original splendor.
In the Jewish Cemetery on Schönhauser Allee, opened in 1827, there are more than 22,500 graves and 750 family tombs, including the graves of David Friedländer, Max Liebermann, Leopold Ullstein, Ludwig Bamberger, Eduard Lasker and Giacomo Meyerbeer.
In the west, bordering the borough of Wedding, adjacent to Friedrich Ludwig Jahn Sportpark, is a stretch public green area that goes by the name of Mauerpark (Wall park).
After reunification the area was turned into a public park, which is home to a weekly flea market and open air concerts.
Prenzlauer Berg was developed during the second half of the 19th century based on an urban planning design from 1862 by James Hobrecht, the so-called Hobrecht-Plan for Berlin.
In Nazi Germany (1933-1945) landmark buildings such as the water tower at Rykestraße and the office buildings at Froebelstraße were used as makeshift concentration camps and torture chambers.
When the city was divided by the allies, Prenzlauer Berg became part of the Soviet Sector and from 1947 onward part of the capital of the German Democratic Republic.
In the interim between the peaceful revolution that brought down the wall in 1989 and the consolidation of a united Germany that began a year later, as many as 39 Wilhelmine apartment houses were squatted in Prenzlauer Berg alone.
The first ones to move in were young grassroots activists from Prenzlauer Berg in search of radical democratic alternatives to the state-socialism of the GDR.
They were soon joined by young anarchists from West-Berlin and other parts of Germany and set up countless collective projects ranging from bicycle workshops to community soup kitchens.
Some of the squats contributed to the cultural life of the borough as they were venues for concerts, poetry slams, and underground movie screenings.
While many squats were cleared out by the police by 1998, some inhabitants entered into contracts with the city and were able to stay on.
This has led to many original residents who were no longer able to afford the elevated living expenses being replaced by more affluent newcomers.
Along with Friedrichshain, Neukölln and Kreuzberg it is also a popular neighbourhood with the student population; however, in recent years, the gentrification that paralleled the borough's rise in popularity resulted in an exodus of students to cheaper neighborhoods.
2007 German journalist Henning Sußebach coined the term Bionade-Biedermeier, a neologism combining the name of a popular organic softdrink with the Biedermeier era (1815-1848) to describe the sociocultural situation of Prenzlauer Berg.
Unlike other parts of Berlin, it retains much of its prewar architecture and is still replete with cobble-stoned streets and ornate buildings from the beginning of the 20th century.
Prenzlauer Berg is also one of the few places in Germany that have experienced a baby boom since the mid 1990s.
This is due to the above-average presence of people between 20 and 40 rather than a higher birthrate than elsewhere in the country.
The borough has adapted to the trend offering an abundance of playgrounds, daycare centers, as well as (second-hand) shops and cafes catering to the needs of young children and their parents.
Since the late 1990s Prenzlauer Berg has become popular for more affluent people from Southern Germany who have bought condominiums here.
More recently, North American, British, Scandinavian, Australian and Spanish citizens have moved into the borough attracted by the relatively cheap cost of accommodation and studio space compared to other cultural capitals like New York, London, and Paris.
Exile is either an entity who is, or the state of being, away from one's home while being explicitly refused permission to return.
Elephant Island is an ice-covered mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean.
The island is situated north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, west-southwest of South Georgia, south of the Falkland Islands, and southeast of Cape Horn.
Brazil has a shelter on the island, Goeldi, supporting the work of up to six researchers each during the summer and had another (Wiltgen), which was dismantled in the summers of 1997 and 1998.
Elephant Island's name is attributed to both its elephant head-like appearance and the sighting of elephant seals by Captain George Powell in 1821, one of the earliest sightings.
Significant named features are Cape Yelcho, Cape Valentine and Cape Lookout at the northeastern and southern extremes, and Point Wild, a spit on the north coast.
Elephant Island is part of the Scotia metamorphic complex, which was created by Cretaceous sea floor sediments being scraped off and metamorphosed at the Scotia subduction zone.
These rocks are at the surface here because of uplift along the Shackleton Fault Zone where it meets the South Scotia Ridge.
The island supports no significant flora or native fauna although migratory gentoo penguins and seals may be found, and chinstrap penguins nest in season.
A lack of safe anchorage has prevented any permanent human settlement, despite the island being well placed to support scientific, fishing and whaling activities.
Realizing that there was no chance of passive rescue, Shackleton decided to sail to South Georgia where he knew there were several whaling stations.
His second-in-command, Frank Wild, was left in charge of the men on Elephant Island, waiting for Shackleton's return with a rescue ship.
Because the island had no natural source of shelter, they constructed a shack and wind blocks from their remaining two lifeboats and pieces of canvas tents.
Shackleton instructed Wild to depart with the crew for Deception Island if he did not return to rescue them by the beginning of summer but after four and a half months the artist George Marston spotted a ship on August 30, 1916.
The party then spent six months carrying out a survey of the island and other scientific research for the British Antarctic Survey and climbing some of the peaks on the island.
Point Wild contains the Endurance Memorial Site, an Antarctic Historic Site (HSM 53), with a bust of Captain Pardo and several plaques.
Hampson Cove on the south-west coast of the island, including the foreshore and intertidal area, contains the wreckage of a large wooden sailing vessel; it has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 74), following a proposal by the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.
A governorate, or a guberniya (; also romanized ), was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire and the early Russian SFSR and Ukrainian SSR.
Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor general such as Grand Duchy of Finland, Tsardom of Poland, Russian Turkestan and others.
The office of governor general had more administrative power and was in a higher position than the previous office of governor.
By the ukase of the Russian Senate of December 31, 1796, the office of governorate general was demoted to the previous level of governorate, and Russia was again divided into guberniyas, which were subdivided into , further subdivided into (); nevertheless several governorates general made from several guberniyas existed until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
There is another archaic meaning of the word as the word denoted a type of estate in former Lithuania of the Russian Empire till 1917.
He argues that they should bear the higher freight charge of 30¢ for livestock, rather than the lower 25¢ for domestic pets.
The story was made into movie form several times, including the Walt Disney cartoon in 1954 that was nominated for an Academy Award for Animated Short Film.
On the album, Spiner is backed by the orchestra from that series as he sings a number of old pop standards, mostly from the 1930s and 1940s.
Wendy Neuss, associate producer for the series, and Dennis McCarthy, who scored the music for many of the episodes, co-produced the album with Spiner.
McCarthy praised the recording experience, and compared it to the time he spent earlier in his career on tour with Glen Campbell.
According to Spiner, the album was released in Europe against his wishes after he had rejected attempts by the record company to renegotiate his contract.
It was Asimov's favorite short story of his own authorship, and is one of a loosely connected series of stories concerning a fictional computer called Multivac.
In conceiving Multivac, Asimov was extrapolating the trend towards centralization that characterized computation technology planning in the 1950s to an ultimate centrally managed global computer.
The story deals with the development of a series of computers called Multivac and their relationships with humanity through the courses of seven historic settings, beginning in 2061.
In each of the first six scenes a different character presents the computer with the same question; namely, how the threat to human existence posed by the heat death of the universe can be averted.
In the last scene, the god-like descendant of humanity (the unified mental process of over a trillion, trillion, trillion humans that have spread throughout the universe) watches the stars flicker out, one by one, as matter and energy ends, and with it, space and time.
Humanity asks AC, Multivac's ultimate descendant, which exists in hyperspace beyond the bounds of gravity or time, the entropy question one last time, before the last of humanity merges with AC and disappears.
AC ultimately realizes that it has not yet combined all of its available data in every possible combination, and thus begins the arduous process of rearranging and combining every last bit of information it has gained throughout the eons and through its fusion with humanity.
The Mbenga (Aka/Benzele) and Baka peoples in the west and the Mbuti (Efé) in the east are particularly known for their dense contrapuntal communal improvisation.
Simha Arom says that the level of polyphonic complexity of Mbenga–Mbuti music was reached in Europe only in the 14th century.
The polyphonic singing of the Aka Pygmies was relisted on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008.
It is based on repetition of periods of equal length that each singer divides using different rhythmic figures specific to different repertoires and songs.
This creates a detailed surface and endless variations not only of the same period repeated but of various performances of the same piece of music.
The Pygmies themselves do not learn or think of their music in this theoretical framework, but learn the music growing up.
The sound is produced by persons standing in water, and hitting the surface of the water with their hands, such as to trap air in the hands and produce a percussive effect that arises by sudden change in air pressure of the trapped air.
The sound cannot exist entirely in water, since it requires the air-water boundary as a surface to be struck, so the sound is not hydraulophonic.
The word is an onomatopoeia of the sound of a performer alternately singing pitched syllables and blowing into a single-pitch papaya-stem whistle.
Some of Turnbull's recordings of Efé music were commercially released and inspired more ethnomusicological study such as by Simha Arom, a French-Israeli who recorded hindewhu, and Luis Devin, an Italian ethnomusicologist who studied in depth the musical rituals and instruments of Baka Pygmies.
He first performed at the 1980 Edinburgh Festival Fringe with the comedy sketch group The Bodgers which he formed with George Watson's College schoolfriends Moray Hunter, Gordon Kennedy and Pete Baikie.
Premiered in 1989 the show marked a shift away from the political satirical orthodoxy of the 1980s to the surreal, character based comedy of the 1990s.
The sketch featuring the Stoneybridge council bidding for the Olympics was voted the 30th best of all time in The Top 50 Comedy Sketches on Channel 4.
The show also featured some of the first television work of writers Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley, Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain, and writer/performers David Mitchell and Robert Webb.
Docherty quit the show in 1999 and Channel 5 did not replace him, ending their production of late night talk shows.
The Table of Ranks () was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia.
While all grades were open by merit, promotion required qualification for the next rank, and grades 1 through 5 required the personal approval of the tsar himself.
Despite initial resistance from noblemen, many of whom were still illiterate in the 18th century and who shunned the paper-pushing life of the civil servant, the eventual effect of the Table of Ranks was to create an educated class of noble bureaucrats.
Peter's intentions for a class of nobles bound to the tsar by their personal service to him were watered down by subsequent tsars.
In 1767 Catherine the Great bought the support of the bureaucracy by making promotion up the 14 ranks automatic after seven years regardless of position or merit.
In 1856 the grades required for hereditary nobility were changed to the 4th grade for the civil service and to the 6th grade for military service.
He laid down that fines of two months' salary should be assessed against those falsely claiming a higher rank or gaining a rank without qualification.
Outside that table are the rank of Generalissimus, which was an honorary title and not a military rank and the title of Patriarch, which theoretically equaled the eminence of the Russian Emperor, but which Peter the Great kept vacant between 1700 and 1720 and eventually substituted for the collective board of the Most Holy Synod, effectively turning the Church into a department of the state.
The first complete translation into English of the original Table of Ranks promulgated by Peter the Great in 1722 was presented by Brazilian historian Angelo Segrillo in 2016.
The drink gets its name from the way it is commonly consumed; the usual procedure is to leave about a fifth of the glass empty to allow the drink to fizz, then to hold one's hand over the top of the glass and then slam it onto a hard surface to mix it.
It can also be served with equal parts tequila, white wine (or champagne) and lemonade, creating a more potent, flavoursome mix.
The unsharp mask is then combined with the positive (original) image, creating an image that is less blurry than the original.
In the context of signal processing, an unsharp mask is generally a linear or nonlinear filter that amplifies the high-frequency components of a signal.
The technique was first used in Germany during the 1930s as a way of increasing the acutance, or apparent resolution, of photographic images.
For the photographic darkroom process, a large-format glass plate negative is contact-copied onto a low-contrast film or plate to create a positive image.
When light is passed through both negative and in-register positive (in an enlarger, for example), the positive partially cancels some of the information in the negative.
Thus, if the resulting enlarged image is recorded on contrasty photographic paper, the partial cancellation emphasizes the high-spatial-frequency information (fine detail) in the original, without loss of highlight or shadow detail.
For traditional photography, unsharp masking is usually used on monochrome materials; special panchromatic soft-working black-and-white films have been available for masking photographic colour transparencies.
The same differencing principle is used in the unsharp-masking tool in many digital-imaging software packages, such as Adobe Photoshop and GIMP.
The threshold control constrains sharpening to image elements that differ from each other above a certain size threshold, so that sharpening of small image details, such as photographic grain, can be suppressed.
It is also possible to implement USM manually, by creating a separate layer to act as the mask; this can be used to help understand how USM works or for fine customization.
USM can increase either sharpness or (local) contrast because these are both forms of increasing differences between values, increasing slope—sharpness referring to very small-scale (high-frequency) differences, and contrast referring to larger-scale (low-frequency) differences.
Specifically, unsharp masking is a simple linear image operation—a convolution by a kernel that is the Dirac delta minus a gaussian blur kernel.
If the scenes to be captured in the future are similar enough to validated image scenes, then one can assess the degree to which recovered detail may be accurate.
For deconvolution to be effective, all variables in the image scene and capturing device need to be modeled, including aperture, focal length, distance to subject, lens, and media refractive indices and geometries.
However, deconvolution is applied in reality to microscopy and astronomical imaging, where the value of gained sharpness is high, imaging devices and the relative subject positions are both well defined, and optimization of the imaging devices to improve sharpness physically would cost significantly more.
In cases where a stable, well-defined aberration is present, such as the lens defect in early Hubble Space Telescope images, deconvolution is an especially effective technique.
They were essentially a reduced version of the preceding , scaled down to enable more cruisers to be built from the limited defence budgets of the late 1920s.
It was initially planned to build seven ships of this class, though in the end only two were constructed—, started in 1927, and , started in 1928.
The remaining ships were delayed due to budget cuts, and then following the London Naval Treaty of 1930 the Royal Navy decided its cruiser needs were best met by building a greater number of yet smaller cruisers with 6–in guns.
She escorted a convoy to the Pacific in late 1941, and was again heavily damaged in the Battle of the Java Sea, then caught and overwhelmed a few days later by four Japanese heavy cruisers.
The Royal Navy had a need for smaller cruisers than the , the largest design possible under the Washington limits, in order that more could be built under the strict defence economies of 1920s Britain.
The new design was to have a displacement of 8,500 tons, as opposed to the 10,000 tons of the County class.
This weight saving was mainly to be accomplished by reducing the armament to six 8-in guns (as opposed to the 8 guns on the County class), and also by using a new Mark II mounting for the guns.
Their engines were identical - four boilers in two boiler rooms providing steam for four Parsons geared turbines, generating 80,000 shaft horsepower.
As the preceding County-class cruisers had virtually no armour, protection was added into the design and included a , main belt and an armoured lower deck joining at its top edge.
Over the magazine spaces, the belt thickened to , and the armour extended above the belt, with a magazine crown The turrets had armour to the face and crown, on sides and rear, and the barbettes on which the turrets sat had armour.
To shorten the belt length, the amidship magazine found on the Counties was removed (reduced armament required less magazine space anyway).
However, this feature, which was also shared with the Mark I mounting, turned out to produce more mechanical headaches than were justified by its very marginal military utility.
As a result of the magazine changes, and to keep the funnels distant from the bridge, only two funnels were required; the forward boiler room uptakes trunked up into a large fore-funnel.
This was because it had been intended to fit a catapult and floatplane to the roof of the turret, which needed clearance distance and required a tall bridge to provide forward view.
Loosely based on the book of the same name by Donald E. Westlake, the film's supporting cast includes John Leguizamo, Bernie Mac, Larry Miller, Nora Dunn, GQ, and William Fichtner.
Upon its release on June 1, 2001, the film was a commercial disappointment as it brought in only $38.4 million worldwide on a $60 million budget.
When Kevin asks Amber about her hotel room which leads to Amber asking if he was trying to sleep with her, Kevin blinks rapidly and lies while also telling her that when he blinks he lies.
When Kevin asks Amber if he could see her sometime Amber pretends to have the same thing Kevin has and says yes.
While knowing what hotel she was staying in, he shows up to her room with the painting she auctioned off, having stolen it.
Kevin tells Amber about his stealing business which shocks Amber at first but she accepts it in order to be with Kevin, and she later gives Kevin her father's lucky ring.
Elsewhere, Max Fairbanks, a snarky businessman whose company, TUI, is going into bankruptcy, is going over with his lawyer Walter Greenbaum on how to save his company.
Walter is exhausted as Max does not take the proceeding seriously and still spends freely even asking to declare bankruptcy immediately without trying to budget so his assets are protected.
He tells his wife Lutetia Fairbanks that his company is in a technical procedure to disguise what his company is really going into.
Whilst inside he also runs into his friend Berger, who is also a thief and happens to know what places to hit.
While having Kevin going outside to tell him about Max Fairbanks, he shows him an article about Max's current situation with his company, as well as what he couldn't access due to the critical condition of the chapter 11 bankruptcy code which includes going into his beachfront mansion.
After escaping from the police, Kevin returns to the beach house to get his ring back from Max, but fails to find him.
Angry at Max, Kevin finishes off what he started by robbing Max of the valuables inside the house and one of Max's three cars outside.
The next day an exasperated Walter informs Max he was banned from his summer house, and his being there breached the terms of his bankruptcy.
Max meets a judge that he thought he paid off to keep his house, but his insults lead to the judge ordering him to sell his house and his contents at a public auction.
Upon knowing Max's plan to go to a cocktail party and then head to his beach house for one final visit, Kevin and Berger, with the help of their partners Windham and Edwina, rob another one of Max's houses.
The next morning Max finds out that his house has been robbed and meets with Detective Alex Tardio of the Robbery Division.
Kevin finds out from Shelly that Max is going to Washington, D.C., for a Senate hearing and has an apartment there.
There, Kevin learns that Max intends to secretly bribe the senators, and replaces the bribe money with insulting notes in Max's name.
Afterwards, Amber decides that Kevin's feud with Max has gone too far and that she no longer cares about the ring.
While Max later addresses the Senate Committee he gets a call from Kevin who tells him that if Max will give him his ring back he will give him back his.
To the senators, and other viewers, it appears he is speaking to them, with the result being that the hearing ends very badly for Max.
While going back to his apartment in Philadelphia, Walter quits as his lawyer and Earl tells him that he was hacked; Max tells Earl his plan to get Kevin once and for all.
Kevin goes to Jack to find out where Amber is; Jack tells Kevin to stop robbing Max out of personal conflict and to forget about the ring.
But when Berger tells Kevin about Max's bankruptcy auction and for how much his auction full of valuables is worth, Jack wants in on it too.
Max gets a call from Lutetia about Max's behavior on TV, and tells him not to come home, while Amber breaks up with Kevin due to his obsession with Max and the ring.
Lutetia finds Amber at Jack's bar wearing a jacket of hers that Kevin stole from their house and confronts her, Amber tells her that Max stole the ring she gave to Kevin.
Noticing how bad it is, she tells him to put an end to it, but Max still refuses to give up Kevin's ring.
Realizing Max's arrogant determination to keep the ring, she quits being his associate, and goes to Tardio to give him Max's company records.
At 2:00 Shelly plants a video of Kevin delivering a message to Max that he was being robbed without him being there on Earl's monitors.
Angry and enraged, Max goes out into the smoke to find Kevin, but a firefighter, actually Kevin in disguise, drags him out of the smoke, stealing the ring in the process.
Kevin steals Max's boat to escape, but Max jumps onto the boat and struggles with Kevin to get back the ring.
When Tardio finds Max and Kevin, Kevin tells Tardio that he was saving Max, while Max corroborates his story, telling Tardio that he had never met Kevin.
While going back to the hotel where Amber used to be before she moved in with Kevin, she shows him the ring, revealing that she was the masseuse.
Another review aggregation website Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 from top mainstream critics, calculated a score of 37 based on 28 reviews.
The poem tells the story of Venus, the goddess of Love; of her unrequited love; and of her attempted seduction of Adonis, an extremely handsome young man, who would rather go hunting.
Shakespeare's Venus is a bit like a wild animal herself: she apparently goes naked, and is not interested in hunting, but only in making love to Adonis, offering her body to him in graphically explicit terms.
In the end, she insists that the boar's killing of Adonis happened accidentally as the animal, impressed by the young hunter's beauty, gored him while trying to kiss him.
Venus's behavior seems to reflect Shakespeare's own feelings of empathy about animals: his poem devotes many stanzas to descriptions of a stallion's feelings as he pursues a sexually attractive mare and to a hare's feelings as hounds run it down, which is inconsistent with Venus's request that he hunt only harmless animals like hares.
Other stories in Ovid's work are, to a lesser degree, considered sources: the tales of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus, Narcissus, and Pygmalion.
When she sees Adonis, she falls in love with him, and comes down to earth, where she encounters him setting out on a hunt.
At that moment, his horse becomes enamored of another horse, who at first resists, but soon the two animals gallop off together, which keeps Adonis from going hunting.
Venus wants to see him again; Adonis tells her that he cannot tomorrow, because he is going to hunt the wild boar.
Thinking of her vision that he will be killed by the boar, she is afraid, and hurries to catch up with the hunt.
Because this loss occurred to the goddess of love, she decrees that love will henceforth be mixed with suspicion, fear, and sadness.
A cyanohydrin is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom.
In this reaction, the nucleophilic CN ion attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon in the ketone, followed by protonation by HCN, thereby regenerating the cyanide anion.
Thus, acetone cyanohydrin can be used for the preparation of other cyanohydrins, for the transformation of HCN to Michael acceptors, and for the formylation of arenes.
MAS was created by the Muslim Brotherhood in the United States after a debate among Muslim Brotherhood members in the U.S. about whether to remain underground or to have a public face.
Towards this end, and often in cooperation with other organizations, MAS provides opportunities to engage U.S. Muslims to participate into a variety of social experiences including community service, interfaith and youth programs, civic and political activism.
The Muslim American Society advertises on its website a number of publications produced by MAS’ prominent members and affiliates or deemed essential for the educational purposes.
Legal proceedings related to the trials of the Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development (HLF), eventually designated by the U.S. authorities as a terrorist front providing material support to Hamas reinforced the case for MAS’ affiliation to the Muslim Brotherhood.
FBI agent Laura Burns, who was involved in the HLF investigation, testified that a phonebook found at the home of an unindicted co-conspirator and former assistant to Hamas leader Musa Abu Marzook, Ismail Elbarrasse, included the names of the three founding incorporators of the Muslim American Society among the contact information of Muslim Brotherhood leaders in the United States.
Ahmed-Ullah, Roe and Cohen also claimed that Muslim Brotherhood leaders both in the U.S. and in Egypt campaigned for the founding of the Muslim American Society in the early 1990s.
According to the authors, the goal of the organization was to promote the same ideological goals as the Muslim Brotherhood, namely the reformation of American society through the spread of Islam towards the final establishment of Islamic rule on American soil.
Moreover, the connection between MAS and the Muslim Brotherhood was definitively corroborated by Abdurrahman Alamoudi, an influential lobbyist and fundraiser, once advisor to Bill Clinton’s administration who pleaded guilty in 2004 to charges including engaging in illegal financial transactions with the Libyan government and facilitating a Libyan plot to assassinate then-Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah.
More in general, MAS overtly advertises on its website publications authored and/or promoted by prominent Muslim Brotherhood figures, such as the well-known scholar and radical preacher Yusuf al-Qaradawi and the founder of the movement Hasan al-Banna, which are reputed to be essential readings for training purposes.
In November 2014 MAS was designated a terrorist organization by the United Arab Emirates, with 84 other organizations which included Al Qaida, Daesh, the Muslim Brotherhood and its regional and local affiliates, and other regional and international groups.
Finally, a significant number of advertisers in MAS publication The American Muslim, which often contain references to suicide bombings as martyr operations, were later uncovered by the U.S. authorities to be involved in terror financing.
He and Ragni were nominated for the 1969 Tony Award for best musical, and they won for best musical at the 11th Annual Grammy Awards.
He then moved to New York where he studied acting with Lee Strasberg and also wrote pop songs which he recorded with his own band, James Alexander and the Argyles.
Although he did not play the part of Claude when the show premiered Off-Broadway, Rado originated the role of Claude on Broadway, performing opposite Ragni as Berger.
A bachelor herd is a herd of (usually) juvenile male animals who are still sexually immature or 'harem'-forming animals who have been thrown out of their parent groups but not yet formed a new family group.
Some animals, for example New Zealand fur seals, live in a bachelor herd all year except for the mating season, when there is a substantial increase in aggression and competition.
In many species, males and females move in separate groups, often coming together at mating time, or to fight for territory or mating partners.
In many species it is common for males to leave or be driven from the group as they mature, and they may wander as lone animals or form a bachelor group for the time being.
In the Serengeti, immature or older males will usually form their own bachelor herds, while males of reproductive age are more often in mixed groups with females.
Being actively territorial in the Serengeti is physically demanding for male impala, so males occupy this role for about 3 months.
Males will then join a bachelor herd, though this results in them occupying a social dominance status at the bottom of the linear rank hierarchy until their physical condition returns to pre-territorial levels.
Bachelor herds may coexist with territorial males in the same area, but these individual males are always dominant above bachelor males.
These bachelor herds are large in size, ranging from 15,000 to more than 20,000 seals living in one area, referred to as a rookery.
There appears to be no rigid social structure during the non-breeding season and there is little competition for food or mates.
Fur seal bachelor herds are frequently targets of the seal hunt due to large populations being concentrated in a relatively small area.
Cape mountain zebra male foals often leave the breeding herd they were born in after the birth of siblings or around age 2, though the stallion of the breeding herd does not force them out.
Males then stay in these bachelor herds until age 5, when they leave to become the stallion of their own breeding herd with one or more mares.
Dominance is given to the more senior members of the herd and when the oldest males leave to form a breeding herd, the next oldest bachelors take on the leadership role.
At least one member of the bachelor herd in this case is usually the offspring of a mare in the breeding herd.
The fillies then stay with the group until they join an existing breeding herd or make their own breeding herd with a bachelor male from the herd.
These herds are smaller (less than 50 members) and more unstable than the female herds and they follow a linear dominance hierarchy.
This hierarchy is determined by both body size and the size of the stag’s antlers, with older stags having on average larger antlers.
The music of Rwanda encompasses Rwandan traditions of folk music as well as contemporary East African Afrobeat and Congolese ndombolo, and performers of a wide variety of Western genres including hip-hop, R&B, gospel music and pop ballads.
The most famous of these is the Ballet National Urukerereza, which was created in the early 1970s to represent Rwanda in international events.
It is a dance that tells the stories of Rwandan heroes and kings, accompanied by instruments like ingoma, ikembe, iningiri, umuduri and inanga.
The inanga, a lyre-like string instrument, has been played many of Rwanda's best-known performers, including Rujindiri, Sebatunzi, Rwishyura, Simparingoma, Sentoré, Kirusu, Sophie and Viateur Kabarira, and Simon Bikindi.
The group tours the world spreading the Christian message of peace and reconciliation, and helps raise money for the many orphans of Rwanda.
In the post-colonial period, Rwanda produced popular local bands like Imena, Nyampinga, Les 8 Anges, Les Fellows, Impala, Abamarungu, Los Compagnons de la Chanson, Bisa, Ingenzi, and Isibo y'Ishakwe.
Socio-military unrest and violence led many Rwandans to move overseas in the late 20th century, bringing their country's music to cities like Brussels and Paris.
A crop of new stars has emerged, including such names as Kamichi, Kizito Mihigo, Aimé Murefu, Mani Martin, Tom Close, Urban Boyz, Miss Jojo, King James, Knowless, Dream Boys, Kitoko, Riderman, and Miss Shanel.
The programme featured Hart and the animated Plasticine character Morph, and other characters created by David Sproxton like 'Smoulder the Moulder', which was a lump of mould which would create props by 'spraying' them out of a spray can.
As well as demonstrating small-scale projects (the type that viewers might be able to do), Hart also created large-scale artworks on the TV studio floor, and even used beaches and other open spaces as 'canvases' (to be viewed from a camera-crane).
A few months later, access to the material was requested by the head of Children's BBC's light entertainment department for a documentary on Tony Hart.
The roots of the HCSB can be traced to 1984, when Arthur Farstad, general editor of the New King James Version of the Bible, began a new translation project.
In 1998, Farstad and LifeWay Christian Resources (the publishing arm of the Southern Baptist Convention) came to an agreement that would allow LifeWay to fund and publish the completed work.
Farstad died soon after, and leadership of the editorial team was turned over to Dr. Edwin Blum, who had been an integral part of the team.
The death of Farstad resulted in a change to the Koine Greek source text underlying the HCSB, although Farstad had envisioned basing the new translation on the same texts used for the King James Version and New King James Version.
The editions of the United Bible Societies and of Nestle-Aland's Novum Testamentum Graece were primarily used, along with readings from other ancient manuscripts when the translators felt the original meaning was not clearly conveyed by either of the primary Greek New Testament editions.
Holman Bible Publishers assembled an international, interdenominational team of 100 scholars and proofreaders, all of whom were committed to biblical inerrancy.
The translation committee sought to strike a balance between the two prevailing philosophies of Bible translation: formal equivalence (literal or word-for-word) and dynamic or functional equivalence (thought-for-thought).
To that end, the ancient source texts were exhaustively scrutinized at multiple levels (word, phrase, clause, sentence, discourse) to determine their original meaning and intent.
Afterwards, using the best language tools available, the semantic and linguistic equivalents were translated into as readable a text as possible.
In the case of significant differences among Hebrew manuscripts of the OT or among Greek manuscripts of the NT, the translators followed what they believed to be the original reading, and then cited the alternative(s) in footnotes.
There are a few portions of the NT that the translation team and most biblical scholars today believe were not part of the original text.
However, these texts were retained (and indicated in large square brackets) because of their undeniable antiquity and their value for tradition and the history of NT interpretation in the church.
It is marketed in Christian publications as an apologetics Bible and has a version specifically for the Microsoft Xbox 360 called Bible Navigator X.
The 2017 edition of CSB returned to the traditional practice in English Bible versions, rendering the tetragrammaton with a title rather than a proper name, thus removing all 656 appearances of the personal name of God- Yahweh.
This was a major reversal of the translation committee direction over the previous decade, of highlighting God's personal name in Scripture.
Burundian-Belgian musicians like Éric Baranyanka from the Burundese royal family, Ciza Muhirwa and, especially, Khadja Nin, have more recently gained prominence.
Since the music is from the mind and soul, it mainly expresses what the people in Burundi feel and what they think when they beat the drums.
It almost always consists of meat, which is usually roast beef or fried seafood, often shrimp, crawfish, fish, oysters or crab.
The New Orleans sloppy roast beef po' boy is generally served hot with gravy and resembles a Chicago Italian beef sandwich in appearance and method of preparation, although the size, bread, and toppings differ.
To make it, a cut of beef (usually chuck or shoulder) is typically simmered in beef stock with seasonings such as garlic, pepper, thyme, and bay leaf for several hours.
New Orleans is known for its grand restaurants (see Louisiana Creole cuisine), but more humble fare like the po' boy is very popular.
One of the most basic New Orleans restaurants is the po' boy shop, and these shops often offer seafood platters, red beans and rice, jambalaya, and other basic Creole dishes.
It was developed by Lebanese American Jalal Antone, owner of Antone's Import Company in the Fourth Ward, in 1962 after his brother-in-law stated that area residents at the time would not be accustomed to Levantine cuisine, and therefore the business needed to be openly focused around more familiar cuisine.
Lomax in particular stated that the storage of the sandwiches at grocery stores ruined the flavor due to the delicate properties of the chowchow and mayonnaise.
Its first release was back to 1997, and won the Student Encouragement Prize at the Java Conference Grandprix '97 held in Japan.
The Karamanids traced their ancestry from Hodja Sad al-Din and his son Nure Sufi Bey, who emigrated from Arran (roughly encompassing modern-day Azerbaijan) to Sivas because of the Mongol invasion in 1230.
According to Muhsin Yazicioglu and others, they were members of the Afshar tribe, which participated in the revolt led by Baba Ishak and afterwards moved to the western Taurus Mountains, near the town of Larende, where they came to serve the Seljuks.
His son, Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey, gained a tenuous control over the mountainous parts of Cilicia in the middle of the 13th century.
A persistent but spurious legend, however, claims that the Seljuq Sultan of Rum, Kayqubad I, instead established a Karamanid dynasty in these lands.
The year of the conquests is reported as 1225, during the reign of Ala al-Din Kaykubadh I (1220–1237), which seems excessively early.
The rivalry between Kilij Arslan IV and Izz al-Din Kaykaus II allowed the tribes in the border areas to live virtually independently.
Karaman Bey helped Kaykus, but Arslan had the support of both the Mongols and Pervâne Sulayman Muin al-Din (who had the real power in the sultanate).
The Mongolian governor and general Baiju was dismissed from office in 1256 because he had failed to conquer new territories, but he continued to serve as a general and appeared, the same year, fighting the Sultan of Rum, who had not paid the tax, and he managed to defeat the sultan a second time.
Rukn al-Din Kilidj Arslan IV got rid of almost all hostile begs and amirs except Karaman Bey, to whom he gave the town of Larende (now Karaman, in honor of the dynasty) and Ermenek (c. 1260) in order to win him to his side.
Their power rose as a result of the unification of Turkish clans that lived in the mountainous regions of Cilicia with the new Turkish population transferred there by Kayqubad.
In 1261, on the pretext of supporting Kaykaus II, who had fled to Constantinople as a result of the intrigues of the chancellor Mu'in al-Din Suleyman, the Pervane, Karaman Bey and his two brothers, Zeynül-Hac and Bunsuz, marched toward Konya, the Seljuq capital, with 20,000 men.
Taking advantage of the general confusion, Mehmed Bey captured Konya on 12 May and placed on the throne a pretender called Jimri, who claimed to be the son of Kaykaus.
In the end, however, Mehmed was defeated by Seljuq and Mongol forces and executed with some of his brothers in 1278.
Despite these blows, the Karamanids continued to increase their power and influence, largely aided by the Mamluks of Egypt, especially during the reign of Baybars.
Karamanids captured Konya on two more occasions in the beginning of the 14th century, but were driven out the first time by emir Chupan, the Ilkhanid governor of Anatolia, and the second time by Chupan's son and successor Timurtash.
A second expansion coincided with Karamanoğlu Alâeddin Ali Bey's marriage to Nefise Sultan, the daughter of the Ottoman sultan Murat I, the first important contact between the two dynasties.
As Ottoman power expanded into the Balkans, Aleaddin Ali Bey captured the city of Beyşehir, which had been an Ottoman city.
After Bayezid I died in 1403, the Ottoman Empire went into a political crisis as the Ottoman family fell prey to internecine strife.
Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey pursued and captured him; according to an agreement between the two leaders, Mehmet Bey was exiled to Egypt for the rest of his life.
During the Crusade of Varna against the Ottomans in 1443–44, Karamanid İbrahim Bey marched on Ankara and Kütahya, destroying both cities.
The main part was brought to the newly conquered territories in north-eastern Bulgaria — the Ludogorie region, another group — to what is now northern Greece and southern Bulgaria— present-day Kardzhali region and Macedonia.
In the medieval times, this star was a popular Islamic symbol (especially among the Hanafi Madhhab) known as the Seal of Solomon due to the belief that the Jewish king, King Solomon was a prophet, and was used by several of the Anatolian beyliks (such as the Isfendiyarids).
As such the seal was also used by Ottomans in their mosque decorations, coins and even in the personal flags of individual Pasha (e.g.
al-Buni and Ibn Arabi consider the seal to represent the Greatest Name, and its use remains common in contemporary Muslim esoteric circles.
Their economic activities depended mostly on control of strategic commercial areas such as Konya, Karaman and the ports of Lamos, Silifke, Anamur, and Manavgat.
The Christian major rogation replaced a pagan Roman procession known as Robigalia, at which a dog was sacrificed to propitiate Robigus, the deity of agricultural disease.
Their observance was ordered by the Council of Orleans in 511, and though the practice was spreading in Gaul during the 7th century, it was not officially adopted into the Roman rite until the reign of Pope Leo III.
The faithful typically observed the rogation days by fasting and abstinence in preparation to celebrate the Ascension, and farmers often had their crops blessed by a priest at this time.
Violet vestments are worn at the rogation litany and its associated Mass, regardless of what colour is worn at the ordinary liturgies of the day.
A common feature of Rogation days in former times was the ceremony of beating the bounds, in which a procession of parishioners, led by the minister, churchwarden, and choirboys, would proceed around the boundary of their parish and pray for its protection in the forthcoming year.
This was also a feature of the original Roman festival, when revellers would walk to a grove five miles from the city to perform their rites.
The reform of the Liturgical Calendar for Latin Roman Catholics in 1969 delegated the establishment of Rogation Days, along with Ember Days, to the episcopal conferences.
In it, celebrations in the south of England are described, in which processions were led by members of the congregation carrying banners which represented various biblical characters.
At the head of the procession was the dragon, representing Pontius Pilate, which would be followed by a lion, representing Christ.
Many torches were present at each procession, weighing between 42 lb (19 kg) and 27 lbs (12 kg), which were bought by the church and parishioners jointly.
Sarum texts from the 13th and 15th centuries show that the dragon was eventually moved to the rear of the procession on the vigil of the Ascension, with the lion taking the place at the front.
Illustrations of the procession from the early 16th century show that the arrangements had been changed yet again, this time also showing bearers of reliquaries and incense.
During the reign of King Henry VIII, Rogation processions were used as a way to assist crop yields, with a notable number of the celebrations taking place in 1543 when there were prolonged rains.
During the reign of King Edward VI, the Crown having taken much of the Church's holdings within the country, liturgical ceremonies were not officially condoned or recognised as an official part of worship.
However, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I the celebrations were explicitly mentioned in the royal reformation, allowing them to resume as public processions.
Rogation processions continued in the post-Reformation Church of England much as they had before, and Anglican priests were encouraged to bring their congregations together for inter-parish processions.
Psalms 103 and 104 were sung, and people were reminded of the curses the Bible ascribed to those who violated agricultural boundaries.
The processions were not mandatory, but were at the discretion of the local minister, and were also ascribed more importance when a public right of way needed to be protected from agricultural or other expansion.
The then Archdeacon of Essex, Grindal of London, besought the church explicitly to label the tradition as a perambulation of the parish boundaries (beating the bounds), further to distance it from Italian liturgy.
For years after Rogation Days were recognised, the manner in which they were observed in reality was very different from the official decree.
While it was officially ordered that the entire congregation attend, bishops began urging their priests to invite only older and more pious men.
The new, Protestant, version of Rogation days became such a fixture in church life that the tradition was even carried over to the Americas by British colonists in Jamaica, Barbados, and South Carolina.
In addition, it engages in the billing and collecting fees for the telephony service; consulting, development and establishment of telecommunication system; and provision of information processing and providing service.
He was also on leave as chief economist for South Asia at the World Bank during 1996–99, adviser to the International Monetary Fund from 1972 to 1974, and an economic consultant to the UK Treasury from 1968 to 1970.
He has also been an economics professor at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (1978–81), University of Warwick (1970–77), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1967, 1980), University of York (1963–68) and Princeton University (1962–63).
At the time, there were four other professors on the economics department: Alan T. Peacock, Jack Wiseman, John Hutton, and Douglas Dosser.
In his fourth year at York, Williamson became a visiting professor in the department of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he worked alongside Joseph Stiglitz, Charles Kindleberger, Paul Samuelson, and Tony Atkinson.
While serving at the Treasury, Williamson was offered chairs in economics from the University of Manchester, University of Nottingham, and the University of Warwick.
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Institito Brasilero de Geografia e Estatística) offered him a post to begin its graduate program in economics.
After serving as visiting professors of economics at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Williamson joined the-then Institute for International Economics as a Senior Fellow in 1981.
The system entailed gradual devaluations of the currency, changing expectations that the currency will devalue and interest rates would be sufficiently high to compensate bondholders.
During the early 1970s, Williamson was involved in working with the Committee of Twenty for devising the IMF's strategy to comprehensive systemic reforms.
He argued that these targets should be based on estimates of the real exchange rate, which would accommodate secular trends in productivity growth, real shocks to the economy, and new information.
He worked with Fred Bergsten, then the Institute's Director, on ways of helping Latin American countries stabilize their currencies through this process.
At the 1987 Louvre Accord, the G-5 industrialized nations adopted a system of reference exchange rates that was influenced by proposals of C. Fred Bergstan and John Williamson for a target zone system.
Research has shown that Williamson was largely correct in his assessment of altering expectations through his proposal of post-Louvre target zones.
The project, headed by President of Mexico Ernesto Zedillo, involved assessing options for expanding the roles of the World Trade Organization and the International Labour Organization.
The panel found that to secure economic growth and equity, developing countries needed to achieve balanced budgets, ensure macroeconomic discipline, and support human capital investments.
It argues that, instead of fixed interest rates, certain securities should bear an interest rate that positively correlated with the growth of a country.
The list of ten policies involved broad policy recommendations for economic stabilization: liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI), legal security for property rights, and trade liberalization, among others.
Some politicians, notably the former finance minister of Brazil Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira, recognized that the term had been used outside of the original context.
Joseph Stiglitz, former Chief Economist of the World Bank and Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, did not object to the Washington Consensus per se, but to the neoliberal policies that policymakers have adopted.
More recently, economists have recognized that the term was misconstrued from its original meaning, notably with regard to the opening of the capital account.
Business executive Joshua Cooper Ramo coined the term Beijing Consensus to frame China's economic development as an alternative to the Washington Consensus.
The three guidelines he proposed were: 1. a commitment to innovation, 2. emphasis on sustainable growth through measures alongside GDP, and 3. a policy of self-determination.
In turn, Williamson argued that the Beijing Consensus comprised five major points: 1. incremental reform, 2. innovation, 3. export-led growth, 4. state capitalism, and 5. authoritarianism.
In light of this change, Williamson argued Western countries should modify their policies through export-led growth, prudential capital controls, and fiscal policies.
In 2006, Williamson published an article describing the benefits of bonds linked to the growth of a country's gross domestic product (GDP).
These refer to securities where the issuer (a government) promises to pay the investor returns based on the changes to that country's GDP.
Williamson built on the research conducted by Shiller to discuss how, in the wake of the global financial crisis of 2007–9 and the European debt crisis of 2010, economic stability has become all the more important.
A rich church, with 22 bishops drawing £150,000 a year, and a further £600,000 going annually to the rest of the clergy, it was wholly disproportionate to the needs of its worshippers, and manned largely by absentee sinecurists.
Given that in Ireland not even nominal adherence by the predominantly Roman Catholic majority population could be expected for the (Protestant) established Church, defence of the latter became increasingly difficult, especially after Catholic emancipation.
In 1833 a Church Reform Act was passed, reducing the number of sees from 22 to 12, but attempts to redistribute the church's wealth failed amidst political controversy.
The early 19th century saw Radicals like Jeremy Bentham formulating schemes for the disestablishment of the Church, which received new impetus after the success of Catholic emancipation.
Following the Great Reform Act, they were increasingly joined by dissenters and nonconformists in a Liberal campaign to disestablish the Church of England – dissenting ministers like Rev.
There were, however, several reasons why this campaign failed: parliamentary reform of the Church to make it more efficient; Whig acquiescence in a system whereby they could appoint Latitudinarian bishops with liberal views; and a dissenter focus instead on a process by which nearly all of the legal disabilities of nonconformists were gradually dismantled.
In the late 20th century, reform of the House of Lords also brought into question the position of the Lords Spiritual.
The twentieth century saw Presbyterian differences gradually diminished, and in 1929 the Free Church joined the Church of Scotland, to form the largest church in Scotland, in what can be considered a form of disestablishment.
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
These medications are used when a bacterial infection is suspected but the group of bacteria is unknown (also called empiric therapy) or when infection with multiple groups of bacteria is suspected.
Empiric antibiotic therapy refers to the use of antibiotics to treat a suspected bacterial infection despite lack of a specific bacterial diagnosis.
Definitive diagnosis of the species of bacteria often occurs through culture of blood, sputum, or urine, and can be delayed by 24 to 72 hours.
Lastly, an antibiotic or group of antibiotics are chosen that are reliably effective against the potential species of bacteria (for example in lobar pneumonia, levofloxacin covers the majority of relevant bacteria).
Clinicians often aim to choose empiric antibiotic combinations that cover all appropriate bacteria but minimize coverage of inappropriate bacteria, as to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance (see below).
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have been shown to be just as effective as broad-spectrum alternatives for children with acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections, and have a lower risk of side effects in children.
Many professional organizations (for example, the Infectious Disease Society of America) publish guidelines for empiric antibiotic therapy, as do hospitals, with their choices tailored for their specific resistance patterns.
As a side-effect of therapy, antibiotics can change the body's normal microbial content by attacking indiscriminately both the pathological and naturally occurring, beneficial or harmless bacteria found in the intestines, lungs and bladder.
The destruction of the body's normal bacterial flora is thought to disrupt immunity, nutrition, and lead to a relative overgrowth in some bacteria or fungi.
This side-effect is more likely with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, given their greater potential to disrupt a larger variety of normal human flora.
After continued exposure to an antibiotic, bacteria may develop changes in their structure or function that make them resistant to the antibiotic.
These resistant organisms will live, while the susceptible organisms will die, leaving the population of bacteria entirely resistant to the given antibiotics.
For example, after the discovery of penicillin and its subsequent use to treat bacterial infections, bacteria were found to have begun producing an enzyme, penicillinase, which rendered the penicillin molecule inactive.
In order to combat the rise of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship programs have begun that focus on educating clinicians to improve their use of antibiotics by focusing on evidence-based approaches to minimize resistance.
In veterinary medicine, co-amoxiclav, (in small animals); penicillin & streptomycin and oxytetracycline (in farm animals); penicillin and potentiated sulfonamides (in horses).
On 1 January 1999, the Town was amalgamated with the adjoining Township of Gosfield North and Township of Gosfield South to form an expanded municipality.
Kingsville is west of the Municipality of Leamington, south of the Town of Lakeshore and southeast of the Town of Essex and north of Lake Erie.
In addition to the primary settlement at Kingsville, the municipality also includes the smaller communities of Cedar Beach, Cedar Island, Cedarhurst Park, Cottam, Klondyke, Linden Beach, North Ridge, Olinda, Ruthven and Union.
The community of Albuna is located on the boundary between Kingsville and Leamington, and the communities of Arner and Elford are located on the boundary between Kingsville and Essex.
The town was among the top 5 places in Canada chosen for CBC's Kraft Hockeyville 2008, and finished in 2nd place in the competition with over 1.5 million votes.
In 2015, the Kingsville Kings were formed and added to the South Conference of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League.
After playing a neutral site game in Kingsville during the 2016–17 season, the St. Clair Shores Fighting Saints of the Federal Hockey League relocated to Kingsville for the 2017–18 season as the North Shore Knights.
The team played most of its home games out of the Kingsville Arena Complex with a few other neutral site home games in various cities in Ontario and Quebec.
Oxytetracycline therefore stops the spread of the infection and the remaining bacteria are killed by the immune system or eventually die.
However, some strains of bacteria have developed resistance to this antibiotic, which has reduced its effectiveness for treating some types of infections.
To make sure the bacteria causing an infection are susceptible to it, a tissue sample is usually taken, for example a swab from the infected area, or a urine or blood sample.
Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe acne at a dosage of 250–500 mg four times a day for usually six to eight weeks at a time, but alternatives should be sought if no improvement occurs by three months.
Oxytetracycline is used to treat infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, ear, eye and gonorrhoea, although its use for such purposes has declined in recent years due to large increases in bacterial resistance to this class of drugs.
It sometimes causes nasal cavities to erode; quite commonly, the BNF suggests, because of this, tetracyclines should not be used to treat pregnant or lactating women and children under 12 except in certain conditions where it has been approved by a specialist because there are no obvious substitutes.
In 1950, a celebrated American chemist, Robert B Woodward, worked out the chemical structure of oxytetracycline, enabling Pfizer to mass-produce the drug under the trade name, Terramycin.
This discovery by Woodward was a major advancement in tetracycline research and paved the way for the discovery of an oxytetracycline derivative, doxycycline, which is one of the most popularly used antibiotics today.
Other compounds produced via type II PKSs are important bioactive compounds which span from anticancer agents doxorubicin to antibiotics such as tetracycline.
The biosynthesis of oxytetracycline can be broken down into three general portions; first is the formation of an amidated polyketide backbone with minimal PKS's, second is the cyclization of the polyketide backbone and finally, the formation of anhydrotetracycline - a shared intermediate with tetracycline - to produce oxytetracycline.
The process of elongating the polypeptide skeleton occurs through a series of Claisen-like decarboxylation reactions until the linear tetracyclic skeleton is formed.
Following the formation of the linear tetracyclic skeleton, four successive cyclization reactions must occur in a regioselective manner to produce the aromatic natural product known as pretetramid - a common precursor to both oxytetracycline and other tetracycline antibiotics.
Formation of pretetramid allows for one of the most important intermediates en route to the biosynthesis of oxytetracycline; this is the generation of anhydrotetracycline.
The final step of this biosynthesis occurs through the reduction of a double bond in the α, β - unsaturated ketone of 5a,11a-dehydro-oxytetracycline.
Figure 2 shows the biosynthesis as described above, as well as an arrow-pushing mechanism of NADPH being used as the final cofactor in the biosynthesis of oxytetracycline.
They found the breakdown slowed with increased saturation of the manure and concluded this was a result of decreased oxygen levels.
The Attorney General of Ireland () is a constitutional officer who is the legal adviser to the Government and is therefore the chief law officer of the State.
The Attorney General is not a member of the Government but does participate in cabinet meetings when invited and attends government meetings.
The Attorney General has always been a barrister rather than a solicitor, although this is not a requirement for the post.
In cases where a barrister nominated by the Taoiseach to be the Attorney General was not a Senior Counsel at the time, the government of the day has made them one first, as occurred in the cases of John Rogers BL and John M. Kelly BL.
The Attorney General advises the Government on the constitutionality of bills and treaties, and presents the Government's case if the President refers any bill to the Supreme Court under Article 26 of the Constitution before signing it.
Article 59 provided that the Attorney General of Saorstát Éireann before the coming into operation of the Constitution would become the Attorney General on the coming into operation of the Constitution without the need for an appointment, which occurred on 29 December 1937.
The acceptance by Attorneys General of these non-statutory and often secretive roles upon taking office throughout the years has been questioned and criticised as inappropriate for a Constitutional office-holder.
The Attorney General is, however, a member of the Bar Council, and the Commission believes that it is preferable that he should not be involved when the Bar Council is exercising its disciplinary function.
The Attorney General is also a member of the Council of King's Inns, and the Commission believes it to preferable that he should not participate in any disciplinary activity pursued by that body either.
Its primary aim is to represent the interests of the club's supporters, and facilitate lines of communication between the supporters and the directors of the club.
The organisation was formed at a meeting at the Gorse Hill Hotel in Stretford in April 1995 as a protest group against official club policies regarding standing during matches.
The group have been opposed to foreign ownership of the club, opposing both the unsuccessful takeover attempt by Rupert Murdoch, and the later successful takeover by the current owners, the Glazer family.
As one of the largest industrial nations and with the largest population in the European Union, Germany today offers a vast diversity of television stations.
The use of this dates back a few centuries and was inspired by German student organisations; however some of the songs that are sung date back to the Middle Ages.
Currently, the world record for biggest traditional cantus is in the hands of the Eurekaweek, based in Rotterdam, who welcomed 4594 officially registered guests during their 2019 cantus.
The songs are compiled in what the students refer to as the codex, which contains the club anthems of most student organisations and hundreds of songs in various languages, such as Dutch, French, English, German, Latin and Afrikaans.
Nearly all of the songs predate World War II and refer to either drinking, the student's (love) life or the history and past of the home country, city or region.
students from Ghent will not sing songs about Leuven and vice versa, or they will simply replace instances of one city with another.
Also due to the old nature of the songs, some of them have in recent years been controversial because they are perceived to be sexist, right-wing or downright racist.
In Antwerp, Hasselt, Leuven and Aalst the codex used is that published by the KVHV (Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond or Catholic Flemish Students Union).
In Ghent they also used to use the KVHV codex but since 2012 the SC Ghent (Studentikoos Centrum Ghent) has started to publish a codex catering more specifically to the student societies in Ghent.
And at the end of that same year the SC Ghent started publishing a codex for the societies in West Flanders, mainly Courtrai.
The French-speaking students from Brussels use the Carpe Diem published by the Guilde Polytechnique or Les Fleurs du Mâle published by the Union des Anciens Etudiants de l'ULB.
Those who are from Catholics highschools and universities of Brussels and Wallonia mostly choose Le Bitu Magnifique published by the Academicus Sanctae Barbae Ordo.
The biggest Belgian codex is the Florex published by the Corporation Brabantia Bruxelliensis, both in French and Dutch, with more than 2300 pages divided into two parts.
These punishments usually involve the drinking of beer in unusual, humorous or sometimes degrading ways if the culprit has committed a grave offence.
Another group of people at a cantus with a special status are the so-called proseniores (singular: prosenior), former presidents of the student's club.
They often are freshmen or first-year students and have the lowest status at the cantus itself, but students can also decide to join the club later in their studies.
They are not part of the corona and are supervised by the schachtenmeester or schachtentemmer in less (Dutch for 'tamer of freshmen') (in French, they're called 'Président de baptême' or 'maître des bleus'), who answers only to the authority of the senior.
They can do this by either saying 'prosit corona' (after which the corona responds with 'prosit senior') a few times, or by using the formula 'ad exercissimum sanctissimi salamandris omnes commilitones qui adsunt, surgite', to which the corona replies 'surgimus' whilst rising ('onwards to the exercise of the most sacred salamander, all of you fellow students present, rise' and 'we rise').
Then the senior has the choice of either ordering 'ad libitum' (drink as you please, which should be 'ad libidinem' in more accurate Latin) or the more famous and notorious 'ad fundum' (literally: to the bottom, or drink until the glass is empty).
Normally, people at a cantus are required to remain silent (although most seniors are fairly tolerant in this regard), and if they want to address the corona or the senior, they should ask the senior for permission first, by asking 'senior, peto verbum' (senior, I request to speak).
broad sashes for members of the presidium, small sashes around the right shoulder for commilitones and small sashes around the left shoulder for the schachten).
Robert Granville Lemon (September 22, 1920 – January 11, 2000) was an American right-handed pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Lemon was raised in California where he played high school baseball and was the state player of the year in 1938.
At the age of 17, Lemon began his professional baseball career in the Cleveland Indians organization, with whom he played for his entire professional career.
The Indians played in the 1948 World Series and were helped by Lemon's two pitching wins as they won the club's first championship since 1920.
During the 1954 season, Lemon had a career-best 23–7 win–loss record and the Indians set a 154-game season AL-record win mark when they won 111 games before they won the American League (AL) pennant.
He was an All-Star for seven consecutive seasons and recorded seven seasons of 20 or more pitching wins in a nine-year period from 1948–1956.
Lemon became the first AL manager to win a World Series after assuming the managerial role in the middle of a season.
He was recognized as the state baseball player of the year by the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) Southern Section in 1938.
Later that same year, at the age of 17, Lemon began his professional baseball career in the farm system of the Cleveland Indians as a member of the Oswego Netherlands of the Canadian–American League and later that year, the Middle Atlantic League's Springfield Indians.
The following season he played 80 games with Springfield, and hit .293, and then joined the New Orleans Pelicans of the Southern Association, where Lemon hit .309.
He spent the next two seasons at the Class A level with the Eastern League's Wilkes-Barre Barons as he hit .255 in 1940 and .301 in 1941.
In his final stint in the minors, Lemon hit .268 with 21 home runs for the 1942 Baltimore Orioles of the International League.
Birdie Tebbetts of the Detroit Tigers and Johnny Pesky of the Boston Red Sox had played against Lemon in Navy baseball games, and they spoke to Indians player-manager Lou Boudreau about switching Lemon from the outfield to the pitching mound.
Boudreau discussed the potential move to pitcher with Yankees catcher Bill Dickey, who had also played in the Navy with Lemon.
Lemon resisted the idea at first, but he agreed to the change after he learned that his salary could be higher as a pitcher.
Lemon finished the 1946 season with a losing record (4–5), the only one he would have until 1957, and a career-low 2.49 ERA.
He appeared in 19 games before August, largely as a relief pitcher, but he made his first start in July against the Boston Red Sox.
On June 30, 1948, Lemon pitched a no-hitter against the Detroit Tigers in a 2–0 win, earning his 11th win and fifth shutout of the season.
With three games remaining in the regular season, 20-game winner Lemon started the first game of their final series against Detroit.
Speculation built up around which Indians pitcher Boudreau would send to the mound against the Red Sox on October 4; the choices were largely narrowed down to Lemon and Satchel Paige.
Instead, Boudreau went with Gene Bearden, who would be pitching on one day of rest, and the choice was solidified when veteran second baseman Joe Gordon spoke up in support of Boudreau at a team meeting.
The Indians won the game at Fenway Park by a score of 8–3 and prepared to face the Boston Braves in the World Series.
The Braves scored two runs in the bottom of the eighth inning but the Indians won the game, 4–3, to clinch the franchise's first World Series title since 1920.
When the Indians get behind and Lemon is pitching, he rarely is yanked for a pinch hitter in the early innings.
In 1950, Lemon led the major leagues in pitching wins (23) for the first time and he would win his second AL Pitcher of the Year Award.
At the beginning of the 1951 season, columnist Oscar Fraley pointed out that Lemon was one of only 12 active pitchers who had earned a winning record in four consecutive seasons.
He finished the season with a 3.52 ERA, lower than the 1950 season mark of 3.84 when he led the majors with 23 wins, and a 17–14 record.
He did not record his first shutout of the season until well into August, when he earned a three-hit win over the Chicago White Sox.
He joined teammates Early Wynn (23) and Mike Garcia (22) as part of a Cleveland starting rotation which featured three 20-game winners.
He finished the season with a 21–15 record, 3.36 ERA and led the AL in innings pitched for the fourth and final time of his career.
Lemon stayed in the game to pitch the tenth and final inning, but he surrendered a three-run home run to pinch hitter Dusty Rhodes and the Indians lost, 5–2.
Lemon began the 1955 season with a 5–0 record in April, but he was the only Cleveland starting pitcher with a winning record that month.
Lemon earned his 200th career win against the Baltimore Orioles on September 11, 1956, and he also hit a home run that day.
He finished the season with a 20–14 record, the last of his seven career 20-win seasons, and led the AL in complete games (21).
On August 13, 1957, it was announced that Lemon would not finish the season due to continued irritation to his elbow after bone chips were found earlier in the season.
Lemon pitched 3.1 innings over the span of two games before he was put on the Indians' disabled list and sent to the Triple-A San Diego Padres.
He returned to pitch for the Indians on May 25 in a relief role, but he appeared in only nine games that season.
He recorded 274 hits in 1,1883 at-bats (.232), and his 37 career home runs are second on the all-time career list for pitchers (behind Wes Ferrell's 38).
the Indians Manager at the time who was Wearing #21, switched to #30 to accommodate the number being retired), making him the sixth Indian to receive the honor.
On January 22, 1976, Lemon was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America on the twelfth ballot on which he appeared.
The Yankees were owned by Cleveland-area native George Steinbrenner and they had been the chief antagonists of the Cleveland Indians during Lemon's pitching years.
In recognition of his election to the Hall of Fame, Lemon was named honorary captain of the AL team for the All-Star Game.
His next appointment was in the same league with the Seattle Angels, where he managed from 1965–1966 and won the 1966 championship.
Lemon became pitching coach of the Royals for the season, and got his first major league managing position when Kansas City fired manager Charlie Metro on June 7, 1970.
In , Lemon guided the Royals to their first winning season since the franchise began as an expansion team in .
Lemon was fired the following season on June 30, 1978, by Veeck after Chicago posted a 34–40 record in the first half of the 1978 season.
Yankees manager Billy Martin resigned on July 24, 1978, and team president Al Rosen called Lemon to offer him the vacant position.
At their 1978 Old Timers Day five days after the Martin–Lemon changeover, the Yankees divulged that Lemon would be moved in 1980 to general manager, and they said that Martin would then return as field manager.
The announcement was made by public-address announcer Bob Sheppard after the Old Timers had been announced and it was accompanied by Martin's dramatic entrance from the Yankee dugout.
Lemon responded to his new job—and to the newspaper strike that helped calm down the atmosphere in the Yankees clubhouse—by guiding the Yankees to the pennant.
The Yankees pulled ahead by three and a half games, but the Red Sox rallied to tie the Yanks by the final day of the season.
The Yankees defeated Boston for the division title in the tie-breaker game, punctuated both by a dramatic three-run home run by Bucky Dent in the seventh inning, and an eighth-inning homer by Reggie Jackson that proved the game's winning run.
Lemon's Yankees then beat the Royals in the ALCS and defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers to win the World Series title.
With the Series win, Lemon became the first AL manager and third MLB manager to take over a team mid-season and win a World Series.
Changes Lemon made during the season included returning Thurman Munson to the team's every day catcher (he had been playing in the outfield), putting Jackson in the clean-up spot in the batting order and becoming the regular right fielder, and pitching Ed Figueroa every fourth day (instead of fifth).
In October, Lemon was named the Associated Press' AL Manager of the Year, the second time he received such an award.
Lemon's 26-year-old son, Jerry, was killed in an automobile accident in the fall of 1978, 10 days after Lemon won the World Series.
The following season with the Yankees at 34–31, Lemon was fired in June by Steinbrenner and replaced by Martin, but he remained with the organization as he had a contract through the 1982 season.
Steinbrenner named Lemon the team's field manager a second time on September 6, 1981, the sixth Yankees' manager change since 1978.
Lemon moved on to the post-season and dispatched the Milwaukee Brewers and the Billy Martin-led Oakland Athletics, and won the first two games of the 1981 World Series against the Dodgers, only to lose four straight and the Series.
All in all, Lemon had managed just over one full season of games (172) for the Yankees, winning 99 games for a .576 winning percentage.
Lemon died in 2000 in Long Beach, California, where he had been a permanent resident since his career as a player.
In antiquity, notably under the Roman Dominate, it was used to refer to Roman governors; it continues to see some use for various modern positions.
Roman Catholic monastic institutions, especially Franciscan ones, use the term to indicate the presiding officer of a collegial meeting of the order.
By 1954 the condition of HMS Defence 'was not so good', but it was felt Defence, Blake and Tiger could still be completed, with new armament in 3 years at a cost of 6 million pounds.
She was finally commissioned in July 1960, having been rushed into service with some shortcuts in the engineering department, due to political pressure to get her to sea.
Initial trials were disrupted by severe rotor, turbine and vibration problems and a further three months in Portsmouth dockyard were required before she became fully operational in February 1961.
The ship was present at Portsmouth Navy Days in August 1965, before being decommissioned into the reserve at Devonport until 1972, when she was placed on the disposal list.
It was directed by John Glen and the screenplay was written by George MacDonald Fraser, Richard Maibaum, and Michael G. Wilson.
This leads him to a wealthy Afghan prince, Kamal Khan, and his associate, Octopussy, and the discovery of a plot to force disarmament in Western Europe with the use of a nuclear weapon.
The film earned $187.5 million against its $27.5 million budget and received mixed reviews, with praise being directed towards the action sequences and locations, and the plot and humour being targeted for criticism; Maud Adams's portrayal of the title character also drew polarised responses.
While trying to escape from East to West Berlin, British agent 009 is fatally wounded and dies after reaching the residence of the British Ambassador, dressed as a circus clown and carrying a fake Fabergé egg.
MI6 immediately suspects Soviet involvement and, after seeing the real egg appear at an auction in London, sends James Bond to investigate and find out the identity of the seller.
At the auction, Bond is able to swap the real egg with the fake and engages in a bidding war with exiled Afghan prince Kamal Khan, forcing Khan to pay £500,000 for the fake egg.
Bond permits Magda to steal the real Fabergé egg, fitted with listening and tracking devices by Q, while Gobinda captures and takes Bond to Khan's palace.
After Bond escapes from his room, he listens in on the bug in the Fabergé egg and discovers that Khan is working with Orlov, a Soviet general, who is seeking to expand Soviet control into West-Central Europe.
After escaping from Khan's palace, Bond infiltrates a floating palace in Udaipur, India, and there finds its owner, Octopussy, a wealthy businesswoman, smuggler, and associate of Khan.
Octopussy has a personal connection with Bond: she is the daughter of the late Major Dexter-Smythe, whom Bond was assigned to arrest for treason.
Bond allowed the Major to commit suicide rather than face trial, and is thanked by Octopussy for offering her father an honorable alternative, inviting Bond to stay on as her guest.
Earlier in Khan's palace and later in Octopussy's palace, Bond finds out that Orlov has been supplying Khan with priceless Soviet treasures, replacing them with replicas, while Khan has been smuggling the real versions into the West via Octopussy's circus troupe.
Gobinda sends hoodlums to kill Bond, but he and Octopussy gain the upper hand when the assassins break into the palace.
Travelling to East Germany, Bond infiltrates the circus and finds out that Orlov replaced the Soviet treasures with a 100 kiloton nuclear warhead, primed to explode during the circus show at the fictional Feldstadt US Air Force base in West Germany.
The explosion would trigger Europe into seeking disarmament, in the belief that the bomb was a US one that detonated by accident, leaving its borders open to a Soviet invasion.
Orlov gives chase until the West German border, but is killed illegally crossing the border by East German border guards as he pursues the train on foot.
Bond kills the twin knife-throwing assassins Mischka and Grischka to avenge the murder of 009 and, after falling from the train, commandeers a car to get to the airbase.
Finding Octopussy, he attempts to convince her and airbase's commanding general that Khan has betrayed her by showing her one of the treasures found in Orlov's car, which she was to smuggle for him.
Bond pursues them as they attempt to escape in their plane, clinging to the fuselage and disabling one of the engines.
In the subsequent struggle with Bond, Gobinda takes a deadly plummet off the roof of the plane, and Bond rescues Octopussy from Khan, the pair jumping onto a nearby cliff only seconds before the plane crashes into a mountain, killing Khan.
While M and General Gogol discuss the return of the stolen jewellery, Bond recuperates with Octopussy aboard her private boat in India.
George MacDonald Fraser was hired to work on an early draft of the script and he proposed that the story be set in India, as the series had not yet visited said country.
They discarded his idea for the opening sequence, featuring a motorbike chase set at the Isle of Man TT, but still retained moments that producer Albert R. Broccoli had first criticized, where Bond dressed as a gorilla and later, a clown.
Casting director Jane Jenkins revealed that the Bond producers told her that they wanted a South Asian actress to play Octopussy, so she looked at the only two Indians in a then predominantly white Hollywood, Persis Khambatta and Susie Coelho.
To acknowledge the nationality, Adams had her hair darkened, and a few lines were added about how she was raised by an Indian family.
The first actor to be cast in the film was Vijay Amritraj, a popular professional tennis player who Broccoli met watching The Championships in Wimbledon.
The Monsoon Palace served as the exterior of Kamal Khan's palace, while scenes set at Octopussy's palace were filmed at the Lake Palace and Jag Mandir, and Bond's hotel was the Shiv Niwas Palace.
The Karl-Marx-Stadt railways scenes were shot at the Nene Valley Railway in Peterborough, while studio work was performed at Pinewood Studios and the 007 Stage.
Filming inside the hangar was achieved by attaching the aircraft to an old Jaguar car with a steel pole, driving with the roof removed.
The second unit were able to add enough obstacles including people and objects inside the hangar to hide the car and the pole and make it look as though Moore was flying inside the base.
Bond stole a Mercedes-Benz saloon car at a depot manned by antagonist soldiers, then as he tried to escape drove over barrier spikes which shredded his tyres.
Stunt coordinator Martin Grace suffered an injury while shooting the scene where Bond climbs down the train to catch Octopussy's attention.
During the second day of filming, Grace – who was Roger Moore's stunt double for the scene – carried on doing the scene longer than he should have, due to a miscommunication with the second unit director, and the train entered a section of the track which the team had not properly surveyed.
The cyclist seen passing in the middle of a sword fight during the tuk tuk chase sequence was in fact a bystander who passed through the shot, oblivious to the filming; his intrusion was captured by two cameras and left in the final film.
Like his fictional counterpart, the real Vijay had a distinct fear of snakes and found it difficult to hold the basket during filming.
The soundtrack album was released in 1985 by A&M Records; the compact disc version of this release was recalled due to a colour printing error which omitted the credits from the album cover, making it a rare collector's item.
In 1997, the soundtrack was re-issued by Rykodisc, with the original soundtrack music and some film dialogue, on an Enhanced CD version.
The premiere took place at the Odeon Leicester Square on 6 June 1983, with Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales in attendance.
A particular point of contention are comedic scenes where Bond is dressed in a clown costume, a gorilla outfit and doing a Tarzan yell during a jungle chase.
Also, the filmmakers make the mistake of demeaning Bond by having him swing through the trees and emitting a Tarzan cry and having him hide in a gorilla suit and later disguise himself as a clown (who all the kids at the circus laugh at).
While working at Caltech in 1960, he first introduced metallic glasses made through rapid liquid cooling using a technique known as Splat quenching.
It is generally observed in parishes of the Roman Catholic Church, Church of England, as well as in the rest of the UK and many Anglican parishes throughout the world, especially in Canada and Australia.
In later times, Mothering Sunday became a day when domestic servants were given a day off to visit their mother church, usually with their own mothers and other family members.
It was often the only time that entire families could gather together, since on other days they were prevented from doing so by conflicting working hours.
In 1914, inspired by Anna Jarvis's efforts in the United States, Constance Penswick-Smith created the Mothering Sunday Movement, and in 1921 she wrote a book advocating the revival of the festival; Constance was the daughter of the vicar of Coddington, Nottinghamshire, and there is a memorial in Coddington's church.
The traditions of Mothering Sunday, still practised by the Church of England and Church of Ireland, were merged with the newly imported traditions and celebrated in the wider Catholic and secular society.
UK-based merchants saw the commercial opportunity in the holiday and relentlessly promoted it in the UK; by the 1950s, it was celebrated across all the UK.
People in Ireland and the UK celebrate Mothering Sunday on the fourth Sunday in Lent; the day is also referred to sometimes as Mid-Lent Sunday and seen as a day when the austerity of Lent is temporarily put aside.
The other names attributed to the fourth Sunday in Lent include Refreshment Sunday, Pudding Pie Sunday (in Surrey, England), Mid-Lent Sunday, Simnel Sunday and Rose Sunday.
Simnel Sunday is named after the practice of baking simnel cakes to celebrate the reuniting of families during the austerity of Lent.
Because there is traditionally a relaxation of Lenten vows on this particular Sunday in celebration of the fellowship of family and church, the name Refreshment Sunday is sometimes used, although rarely today.
During Mothering Sunday services in some churches children in the congregation are given a little bunch of spring flowers to give to their mothers.
R. B. Ramesh) (born 20 April 1976) is an Indian chess grandmaster from Chennai who won the 2002 British Championship and 2007 Commonwealth Championship.
Ramesh shot to fame with his superb commentary in the Fide World Chess Championship Match 2013 Anand - Carlsen, where he was the official commentator along with GM Susan Polgar.
A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization (SDO), or standards setting organization (SSO) is an organization whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise producing technical standards that are intended to address the needs of a group of affected adopters.
Most standards are voluntary in the sense that they are offered for adoption by people or industry without being mandated in law.
The implementation of standards in industry and commerce became highly important with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the need for high-precision machine tools and interchangeable parts.
Henry Maudslay developed the first industrially practical screw-cutting lathe in 1800, which allowed for the standardization of screw thread sizes for the first time.
Maudslay's work, as well as the contributions of other engineers, accomplished a modest amount of industry standardization; some companies' in-house standards spread a bit within their industries.
It subsequently extended its standardization work and became the British Engineering Standards Association in 1918, adopting the name British Standards Institution in 1931 after receiving its Royal Charter in 1929.
The national standards were adopted universally throughout the country, and enabled the markets to act more rationally and efficiently, with an increased level of cooperation.
The Deutsches Institut für Normung was set up in Germany in 1917, followed by its counterparts, the American National Standard Institute and the French Commission Permanente de Standardisation, both in 1918.
Several international organizations create international standards, such as Codex Alimentarius in food, the World Health Organization Guidelines in health, or ITU Recommendations in ICT and being publicly funded, are freely available for consideration and use worldwide.
In 1904, Crompton represented Britain at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, as part of a delegation by the Institute of Electrical Engineers.
He presented a paper on standardization, which was so well received that he was asked to look into the formation of a commission to oversee the process.
The International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA) was founded in 1926 with a broader remit to enhance international cooperation for all technical standards and specifications.
After the war, ISA was approached by the recently formed United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with a proposal to form a new global standards body.
In October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO); the new organization officially began operations in February 1947.
Standards organizations can be classified by their role, position, and the extent of their influence on the local, national, regional, and global standardization arena.
By technology or industry designation, there are standards developing organizations (SDOs) and also standards setting organizations (SSOs) also known as consortia.
The three largest and most well-established such organizations are the International Organization for Standardization, the International Electrotechnical Commission, and the International Telecommunication Union, which have each existed for more than 50 years (founded in 1947, 1906, and 1865, respectively) and are all based in Geneva, Switzerland.
Many of these standards are naturally evolved from those designed in-house within an industry, or by a particular country, while others have been built from scratch by groups of experts who sit on various technical committees (TCs).
In some cases, the national committee to the IEC of an economy may also be the ISO member from that country or economy.
The ITU is a treaty-based organization established as a permanent agency of the United Nations, in which governments are the primary members, although other organizations (such as non-governmental organizations and individual companies) can also hold a form of direct membership status in the ITU as well.
In addition to these, a large variety of independent international standards organizations such as the ASME, the ASTM International, the IEEE, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), SAE International, TAPPI, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) develop and publish standards for a variety of international uses.
Rather, membership in such organizations is open to those interested in joining and willing to agree to the organization's by-laws – having either organizational/corporate or individual technical experts as members.
The Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) was formed in 1949 to prepare avionics system engineering standards with other aviation organizations RTCA, EUROCAE, and ICAO.
Regional standards bodies also exist, such as the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe, the Pacific Area Standards Congress (PASC), the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT), the African Organisation for Standardisation (ARSO), the Arabic industrial development and mining organization (AIDMO), and others.
These rules were laid down in Directive 98/34/EC with the goal of providing transparency and control with regard to technical regulations.
Sub-regional standards organizations also exist such as the MERCOSUR Standardization Association (AMN), the CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality (CROSQ), and the ASEAN Consultative Committee for Standards and Quality (ACCSQ), EAC East Africa Standards Committee www.eac-quality.net, and the GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) for Arab States of the Persian Gulf.
For example, the Standards Council of Canada is a Canadian Crown Corporation, Dirección General de Normas is a governmental agency within the Mexican Ministry of Economy, and ANSI is a 501(c)(3) non-profit U.S. organization with members from both the private and public sectors.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the U.S. government's standards agency, cooperates with ANSI under a memorandum of understanding to collaborate on the United States Standards Strategy.
The determinates of whether an NSB for a particular economy is a public or private sector body may include the historical and traditional roles that the private sector fills in public affairs in that economy or the development stage of that economy.
Large economies like the United States and Japan have several hundred SDOs, many of which are coordinated by the central NSBs of each country (ANSI and JISC in this case).
In some cases, international industry-based SDOs such as the IEEE and the Audio Engineering Society (AES) may have direct liaisons with international standards organizations, having input to international standards without going through a national standards body.
SDOs are differentiated from standards setting organizations (SSOs) in that SDOs may be accredited to develop standards using open and transparent processes.
Developers of technical standards are generally concerned with interface standards, which detail how products interconnect with each other, and safety standards, which established characteristics ensure that a product or process is safe for humans, animals, and the environment.
Another area of interest is in defining how the behavior and performance of products is measured and described in data sheets.
When an organization develops standards that may be used openly, it is common to have formal rules published regarding the process.
For example, since 1865, the telecommunications industry has depended on the ITU to establish the telecommunications standards that have been adopted worldwide.
The ITU has created numerous telecommunications standards including telegraph specifications, allocation of telephone numbers, interference protection, and protocols for a variety of communications technologies.
The standards that are created through standards organizations lead to improved product quality, ensured interoperability of competitors’ products, and they provide a technological baseline for future research and product development.
Formal standard setting through standards organizations has numerous benefits for consumers including increased innovation, multiple market participants, reduced production costs, and the efficiency effects of product interchangeability.
Some standards – such as the SIF Specification in K12 education – are managed by a non-profit organizations composed of public entities and private entities working in cooperation that then publish the standards under an open license at no charge and requiring no registration.
This assumption is correct only for standards produced by the central governments whose publications are not amenable to copyright or to organizations that issue their standard under an open license.
Any standards produced by non-governmental entities remain the intellectual property of their developers (unless specifically designed otherwise) and are protected, just like any other publications, by copyright laws and international treaties.
For instance if a company sells a device that is compliant with a given standard, it is not liable for further payment to the standards organization except in the special case when the organization holds patent rights or some other ownership of the intellectual property described in the standard.
If the standards organization is aware that parts of a given standard fall under patent protection, it will often require the patent holder to agree to Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing before including it in the standard.
The ever-quickening pace of technology evolution is now more than ever affecting the way new standards are proposed, developed and implemented.
Since traditional, widely respected standards organizations tend to operate at a slower pace than technology evolves, many standards they develop are becoming less relevant because of the inability of their developers to keep abreast with the technological innovation.
As a result, a new class of standards setters appeared on the standardization arena: the industry consortia or standards setting organizations (SSOs).
There are also community-driven associations such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a worldwide network of volunteers who collaborate to set standards for lower-level software solutions.
Among them are the OpenOffice.org, an Apache Software Foundation-sponsored international community of volunteers working on an open-standard software that aims to compete with Microsoft Office, and two commercial groups competing fiercely with each other to develop an industry-wide standard for high-density optical storage.
Born in Budapest, he began his musical studies at the age of five and continued them at the Béla Bartók Conservatory in 1963, studying piano and composition.
In 1968 he was admitted to the Franz Liszt Academy of Music, where he was a pupil of Pál Kadosa, Ferenc Rados and György Kurtág, graduating in 1973.
He won the Hungarian Radio Beethoven Competition in 1970, and made his first concert tour of the United States in the following year.
Considered a great pianist, Kocsis performed with the Berlin Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the Staatskapelle Dresden, the Philharmonia of London, and the Vienna Philharmonic.
He won another with the violinist Barnabás Kelemen in 2013 in the chamber category for the recording of Bartók's Violin Sonatas Nos 1 & 2.
Kocsis co-founded with Iván Fischer the Budapest Festival Orchestra in 1983, thus opening a new epoch in the history of Hungarian orchestral playing.
Kocsis played a determining role in the direction and the development of the program policy of the orchestra from its founding, and from 1987 also appeared as a conductor at their concerts.
He became the musical director of the Hungarian National Philharmonic in 1997 and held the title until his death in 2016.
Closed in 1798 by order of the then French administration in Trier, the university was re-established in 1970 after a hiatus of some 172 years.
The new university campus is located on top of the Tarforst heights, an urban district on the outskirts of the city.
In 2006 around 14,000 students were matriculated, with 43.5% of the student body male and 56.5% female; the percentage of foreign students was approximately 15.5%.
After the French occupation of the Rhineland, the French administration ordered the universities of Cologne, Mainz, Bonn and Trier closed, the last closing on April 6, 1798.
After a hiatus of some 172 years the University of Trier was re-established in 1970 by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate as a constituent member of the twin University of Trier-Kaiserslautern, with 360 students matriculating in Trier on October 15, 1970.
While there is a considerable number of foreign students in Trier, a large majority of students hail from Rhineland-Palatinate and the adjacent German states of Saarland and Northrhine-Westphalia.
This situation has been exacerbated by the introduction of tuition fees in all German states except Rhineland-Palatine, with the University of Trier having experienced an increase in the number of students from other German states—especially the neighbouring states—matriculating or transferring there.
He was overthrown through the intervention of the Lombards and tortured before he was condemned and expelled from the Church during the Lateran Council of 769.
The supporters of Stephen had the imprisoned Constantine blinded, which, it seems to be generally allowed, Stephen was unable to hinder.
Christophorus, the Primicerius of the notaries, forced Toto to take an oath to respect the traditional clerical method of papal elections.
Toto, however, having retired to his estates in Nepi, with the help of Constantine and his other brothers collected troops from his duchy and other parts of Tuscany, in addition to arming a group of peasants to swell the numbers.
On 28 June, hearing that Pope Paul was on the verge of dying, Toto and his armed men forced their way into the city through the Gate of St. Pancratius.
With Paul’s death, Toto made his way to the Basilica of the Apostles where the other members of the papal court and Roman nobility were gathering, and there Christophorus had everyone swear that they would all uphold each other’s rights during the upcoming election.
However, as soon as the meeting had broken up, Toto’s armed retainers had assembled in his house at Rome and elected his brother Constantine as pope.
Since Constantine was still a layperson, he needed to be ordained deacon and priest and then consecrated as bishop in rapid succession.
Therefore, accompanied by a group of armed men, he was escorted to the Lateran Palace, where they attempted to force George, the Bishop of Praeneste, to ordain Constantine as a monk.
The Roman people were then required to take an oath of fidelity to Constantine, who again forced George of Praeneste, together with bishops Eustratius of Albano and Citonatus of Porto, to consecrate him as Bishop of Rome on 5 July 767.
In the meantime, opposition to the antipope was being led by Christophorus, the Primicerius, and his son Sergius, the treasurer of the Roman church.
Noting, however, that their lives were in danger, they fled for sanctuary to St. Peter’s Basilica, where they remained until April 768.
One of Constantine’s first acts was to give notice to the Frankish King, Pepin the Short of his election, to secure the king’s approval of his actions.
Pepin ignored this letter; Constantine wrote another, in which he declared that only the actions of the people had compelled him to take on the burdensome office.
He begged Pepin to bestow his friendship, promising that he would be even more in his debt than his predecessors were, and to pay no attention to any slanderous accusations regarding him or his election.
On 12 August, Constantine received a letter, addressed to his predecessor Paul, from all the Eastern patriarchs apart from the Patriarch of Constantinople.
It was a synodical letter of faith, sent by Theodore, Patriarch of Jerusalem, and endorsed by Theodore, Patriarch of Antioch, and Cosmas, Patriarch of Alexandria.
In it, it described their support of the veneration of Icons, and their opposition to the iconoclasm being enforced by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine V. Constantine had the letter read before the Roman people, after which he forwarded it to King Pepin.
They begged Constantine to allow them to leave the city and become monks in the Monastery of Our Saviour, near Rieti in the Duchy of Spoleto.
Instead of going to the monastery, however, father and son headed straight for Theodicius of Spoleto, who arranged an interview with Desiderius, King of the Lombards.
Desiderius agreed to provide Christophorus and Sergius with troops from Spoleto, and that he would support their march on Rome to overthrow the antipope.
With these troops and a Lombard priest named Waldipert, Sergius returned to the city, helped through the Gate of St. Pancratius on 30 July 768 by supporters within.
As soon as word came through that the Lombards had entered the city, Toto came out to confront them with his own forces.
During a battle in the streets of Rome, Toto was killed, and his brother Passivus rushed to warn Constantine to flee.
The two brothers finally shut themselves within the oratory of St. Cesarius, managing to hide for a few hours before they were discovered and thrown into prison by Roman army officers.
Whilst Constantine was in prison, there was an attempt to install another antipope, Philip, followed by the election of Pope Stephen III.
After his election, followers of the new pope began attacking key members of Constantine’s regime, including Bishop Theodore, the Vice-dominus and Constantine’s brother, Passivus, both of whom were blinded.
Constantine was taken from prison, put on a horse and driven through the city on top of a woman’s saddle, with heavy weights attached to his feet, among jeering crowds.
The town of Alatri, under the leadership of its governor, Gracilis, who held the title of a Tribune, came out in support of the antipope.
He pillaged the region around Campania, but the town was stormed by a force of Romans, Tuscans and armed troops from various parts of Campania, and Gracilis was captured.
Concerned that Constantine was still a focus of dissent, the papal Chartularius, Gratiosus, and two other officials, gave permission for Constantine to be taken from the monastic prison early in the morning, blinded him, and left him lying in the street.
They prohibited anyone from giving him aid; after 24 hours, however, complaints from the people prompted the monks to re-imprison him in the monastery.
In April 769, Pope Stephen III opened a new Lateran Council; a major topic for discussion was the elevation of Constantine.
The blinded prisoner was brought before the council, where they questioned his elevation to the Apostolic See when he was still a layman.
Constantine responded that he had been forced to take on the role, as the Roman people had been looking for someone to fix the problems left behind by Pope Paul I.
On the following day, however, he retracted his confession, arguing that his actions had not been any different to other papal elections in the past.
Sergius, a layman like myself, has been consecrated metropolitan of Ravenna; the layman Stephen has even been ordained Bishop of Naples ...
The album was released in the United Kingdom on 7 July 2003 and in the United States on 16 September 2003.
The band were directed by manager Sue Whitehouse, who had managed them since Justin Hawkins' time as a creator of music jingles and their original band days as Empire.
The band were renowned for their live shows from very early on, and such was the popularity of the band, they had a Carling Homecoming gig booked for the London Astoria before they had even signed a record deal.
The band already had music industry interest from their days as Empire through connections with Sue Whitehouse, who was based at Savage & Best in Camden.
As part of Sony Music UK, Raphael had attempted to sign them but the band instead opted to go with Atlantic Records.
The band recorded an interview for MTV Japan, which discusses the inspiration behind these songs, as well as featuring self-filmed footage of their home town.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album earned an average score of 79, based on 19 reviews.
The success of this album led to heavy touring for the band, including European portions of Metallica's Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003.
Awards and Best British Album at the 2004 BRIT Awards (at which they also won the awards for Best British Group and Best British Rock Act).
In 2016, Metal Hammer ranked Permission to Land sixty-third in their list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century, calling it 'one of the greatest debut albums of all time'.
In the liturgical calendar of the Western Christian churches, ember days are four separate sets of three days within the same week—specifically, the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday—roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that are set aside for fasting and prayer.
The purpose of their introduction was to thank God for the gifts of nature, to teach men to make use of them in moderation, and to assist the needy.
Possibly occasioned by the agricultural feasts of ancient Rome, they came to be observed by Christians for the sanctification of the different seasons of the year.
As the Ember Days came to be associated with great feast days, they later lost their connection to agriculture and came to be regarded solely as days of penitence and prayer.
The Christian observance of the seasonal Ember days had its origin as an ecclesiastical ordinance in Rome and spread from there to the rest of the Western Church.
Their observance in Britain, however, was embraced earlier than in Gaul or Spain, and Christian sources connect the Ember Days observance with Augustine of Canterbury, AD.
The precise dates appears to have varied considerably however, and in some cases, quite significantly, the Ember Weeks lost their connection with the Christian festivals altogether.
This meant, for instance, that if September 14 were a Tuesday, the ember days would occur on September 15, 17, and 18.
This, however, was always the liturgical Third Week of September, since the First Sunday of September was the Sunday closest to September 1 (August 29 to September 4).
As a simplification of the liturgical calendar, Pope John XXIII modified this so that the Third Sunday was the third Sunday actually within the calendar month.
Thus if September 14 were a Sunday, September 24, 26 and 27 would be ember days, the latest dates possible; with September 14 as a Saturday, however, the ember days would occur on September 18, 20 and 21 - the earliest possible dates.
Other regulations prevailed in different countries, until the inconveniences arising from the want of uniformity led to the rule now observed being laid down under Pope Urban II as the law of the church, at the Council of Piacenza and the Council of Clermont, 1095.
Prior to the reforms instituted after the Second Vatican Council, the Roman Catholic Church mandated fasting (only one full meal per day plus two partial, meatless meals) on all Ember Days (which meant both fasting and abstinence from meat on Ember Fridays), and the faithful were encouraged (though not required) to receive the sacrament of penance whenever possible.
On February 17, 1966, Pope Paul VI's decree Paenitemini excluded the Ember Days as days of fast and abstinence for Roman Catholics.
In the Episcopal Church, the September Ember Days are still (optionally) observed on the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after Holy Cross Day, so that if September 14 is a Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday, the Ember Days fall on the following Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday (in the second week of September) whereas they fall a week later (in the third week of September) for the Roman Catholic Church.
Some Lutheran church calendars continue the observation of Ember and Rogation days, though the practice has diminished over the past century.
The rule that ordination of clergy should take place in the Ember weeks was set in documents traditionally associated with Pope Gelasius I (492–496), the pontificate of Archbishop Ecgbert of York, A.D. 732 - 766, and referred to as a canonical rule in a capitulary of Charlemagne.
By the time of at the latest Code of Canon Law (1917), major orders could also be conferred on the Saturday preceding Passion Sunday, and on the Easter Vigil; for grave reasons, on Sundays and holy days of obligation; and, for minor orders, even without grave reason, on all Sundays and double feasts (which included most saints' feasts and thus the great majority of the calendar).
Present Roman Catholic canon law (1983) prefers them to be conferred on Sundays and holy days of obligation, but allows them for pastoral reason on any day.
The Pritchards hear the splash, come out to investigate, and fall in while trying to hook the body with a garden tool.
The 2009 BBC Radio 4 adaptation stars Ian Hart as Ripley, Helen Longworth as Heloise, William Hope as David Pritchard, Janice Acquah as Janice Pritchard and Caroline Guthrie as Madame Annette.
The Reddings was an American funk, soul and disco band, founded by Otis Redding's sons Dexter (bass and vocals) and Otis Redding III (guitar) together with Mark Lockett (drums, keys, and lead vocal).
In 1979-1980, Dexter, Otis III, and Mark recorded this album with producers Russell Timmons and Nick Mann at the Believe in a Dream studio, which was located in downtown Washington, D.C.
On April 22, 2016, Dexter Redding's son Brandon Parker, 33, a church pastor in Macon, Georgia, was shot and killed by his girlfriend after an argument.
As a teenager, he attempted unsuccessfully to run away from his aunt's home to New York City before finally moving there at age 20.
Ripley befriends the younger Greenleaf and falls in love with the rich young man's indulgent, carefree lifestyle; he also becomes obsessed with Greenleaf himself.
However, the charade gets him in trouble whenever he is confronted by people who know both him and Greenleaf, particularly Greenleaf's suspicious friend, Freddie Miles, whom he eventually murders.
He has added to his fortunes by marrying Héloïse Plisson, an heiress who has suspicions about how he makes his money, but prefers not to know.
He avoids direct involvement in crime as much as possible in order to preserve his somewhat shady reputation, but he still finds himself involved in criminal enterprises, often aided by Reeves Minot, a small-time fence.
This is financed by a stolen inheritance, a small income from the Buckmaster Gallery, and his wife's allowance from her wealthy father.
While Highsmith never explicitly portrays Ripley as gay or bisexual, certain passages in the Ripley novels imply that he harbors some unacknowledged attraction towards men.
He is also afraid that others will think he is gay, and jokes that he wants to give up both men and women because he can't decide which he likes more.
It's insidious, the way Highsmith seduces us into identifying with him and sharing his selfishness; Ripley believes that getting his own way is worth whatever price anyone else might have to pay.
In 2019, the show was ordered to series at Showtime, with actor Andrew Scott playing the lead role and writer-director Steven Zaillian replacing Cross.
Dieter Bohlen (; born Dieter Günter Bohlen on 7 February 1954) is a German musician, songwriter, record producer, and television personality.
Dieter Bohlen was born as the eldest son of building contractor Hans Bohlen (born 1928) and his wife Edith (born 1936), and grew up in East Frisia.
In his youth, Bohlen was a member of the Socialist German Workers Youth for a while and shortly of the German Communist Party, though he is not a member of any party nowadays.
After Bohlen produced six unsuccessful singles in German for schlager singer Thomas Anders from 1982 to 1984, they founded the pop duo Modern Talking.
He also continued writing and producing for other artists, including C. C. Catch (whom he discovered), Sheree (whom he signed when she was fifteen years old), and boy band Touché.
From 1989 to 1996, he was in a relationship with television personality and singer Nadja Abd el Farrag, also known under the stage name Naddel.
In the 1980s and 1990s, often working in the studio with Spanish producer Luis Rodríguez, he produced Euro disco and Eurodance songs for Modern Talking, Blue System, and C. C. Catch with falsetto choruses.
Based on Hertin's expert assessment regarding the plagiarism allegations, the Berlin prosecutor's office initiated a preliminary investigation against Bohlen, which was dropped.
He has worked with most of the winners and occasionally with other candidates, such as first season third-placer Daniel Küblböck, yielding several major hits.
Dieter Bohlen has signed numerous advertising deals with companies such as Müller Milch, , S.Oliver, O₂, , the Deutsche Bahn, and Unilever.
Bernd Weidung (born 1 March 1963 in Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate), better known by his stage name Thomas Anders, is a German singer, best known as the lead singer of German duo Modern Talking.
Starting his singing career while still in school, Anders unsuccessfully attempted to establish himself as a schlager artist for several years.
While being unable to match his success with Modern Talking with his solo career, Anders is considered a musical icon in Eastern Europe, where he is more revered than in his native country and regularly performs stadium tours.
Anders was born in Koblenz, West Germany and grew up in the small village of Mörz, a suburb of Münstermaifeld, with an older brother and a younger sister.
As a prize, he performed over 300 times at a local music hall in Koblenz, offering a variety of children's songs and schlager.
After that, he studied musicology, publishing and German studies for five semesters at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, with the intention to become a music journalist, all the while trying to become a singer.
However, after getting his big break as the lead singer of Modern Talking, he dropped out to focus on his career.
Following a string of performances at several clubs and discothèques, he participated in a music contest organized by the radio station Radio Luxembourg in 1979, which he walked away from without earning enough points.
He signed his first record contract with CBS while still in school and took up the stage name of Thomas Anders, performing in the then-popular German schlager genre.
In 1983, he was approached by Intersong, a subsidiary of Hansa, whether he was interested to record several German schlager cover versions of English songs.
As was the case with his previous attempts at schlager music, however; all of these songs failed to achieve commercial or critical success.
After both Bohlen and Anders had failed to achieve success in the schlager genre, Bohlen pitched the idea of forming a eurodisco duo consisting of Anders as lead singer and himself to BMG.
To capitalize on the popularity of the genre, they sang in easily accessible English lyrics, simple and catchy rhythms, and sported then-popular outfits.
After that, the song occupied top ten positions in thirty-five countries, including their homeland, where it remained perched at the top of the charts for six consecutive weeks.
The single eventually went on to sell eight million copies worldwide, reaching number one in Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, as well as the European Hot 100.
Both singles reached the German top ten but where especially successful in Spain, where they reached number one and three, respectively.
Furthermore, Modern Talking and Anders were especially successful in the Soviet Union, where they were the first Western band allowed to sell their records and perform, largely because of their completely apolitical lyrics and lack of connection to the United States.
According to Bohlen, the main reason for breaking up the group was Anders' then-wife Nora, who refused to have her husband interviewed by female reporters, and constantly demanded huge changes made to shows, videos or recordings, a fact that Anders later admitted in his biography.
After a final phone call during which both men heavily insulted each other, they refused to speak with each other for over 10 years.
He then embarked on a world tour, where he performed Modern Talking's hits, covering cities like Budapest, Ljubljana, Potsdam, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taipei, Moscow, Viña del Mar and Sun City.
Produced by Gus Dudgeon and Alan Tarney, the pop album abandoned his previous schlager and eurodisco attempts, but failed to chart.
After his lackluster success in pop music, Anders decided to experiment with new styles for his next releases and moved back to Koblenz.
While it failed to chart in his native country, it became a massive success in Argentina, where the eponymous title track was featured in the opening sequence of a soap opera and reached number 1.
In late 1997, Bohlen suggested the recording of a new album instead and contacted Anders, who had signed a contract with Ariola for an eventual comeback several years prior.
Combining the idea of a greatest hits album and a new release, it was decided to rerecord and remix their previous songs while adding a few new ones.
After spending 10 weeks within the top 10, it eventually earned a platinum-award for selling over 500,000 units in Germany alone.
After a heavy altercation before a concert in Rostock, Bohlen animously announced the end of the band live on stage, to the shock of Anders and the public.
Anders subsequently sued Bohlen for libel and succeeded in having certain passages removed, but lost the process for compensation in 2005.
Anders's third attempt at a solo career proved to be more successful, albeit unable to match the popularity of his Modern Talking periods.
Unlike his previous attempts at a solo career, this album proved to be rather successful, climbing to the number 14 spot in Germany.
The album managed to peak at number 43 in Germany, but he failed to win the preliminaries to represent Germany during the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest.
Anders is especially successful in Eastern Europe, where he is considered a musical icon and still fills stadiums, while holding the distinction of being the most commercially successful foreign artist in Russia.
Anders has stated that he was pleasantly surprised by the album's success, asserting that he is more popular abroad than in his home country, fully knowing that people would most likely be indifferent to a German language album by him.
Since July 2000, he has been married to Claudia Hess, with whom he has a son, Alexander Mick, born 27 June 2002.
Mladen Ivanić (, ; born 16 September 1958) is a Bosnian Serb politician who has been a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2014 and left office in 2018 after losing his bid for re-election.
Born in Sanski Most, Ivanić has lived in Banja Luka since 1971, when he earned his university diploma in economics there.
From 1985 to 1988, he lectured in Political Economy at the Faculty of Economics in Banja Luka, and later also in Sarajevo and Glasgow.
His political career began in 1988, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Yugoslav Socialist times.
He also served as the sixth foreign minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina since it became independent in 1992, succeeding Zlatko Lagumdžija on the post, and as such was a member of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
He is a founding member of the center-right Bosnian Serb Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) and was its President from 1999 to 2015.
In October 2014, he was elected as the Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, narrowly beating SNSD's candidate, the RS PM Željka Cvijanović.
His victory marked the first time since the Dayton Agreement that the Serb member of the Presidency received the highest number of votes in the country, out of the three elected members.
He was chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (head of state) from 17 November 2014 until 17 July 2015.
Karlrobert Kreiten (26 June 1916, Bonn, Rhine Province - 7 September 1943) was a German pianist, though holding Dutch citizenship his entire life due to his Dutch father.
Born in Bonn, his German mother was the classical singer Emmy Kreiten, née Liebergesell, who sang under the stage name Emmy Kreiten-Barido.
He made his debut at the age of eleven with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Concerto in A major in a live broadcast.
Kreiten was reported to the Gestapo by Nazi neighbor Ellen Ott-Monecke about making negative remarks about Adolf Hitler and the war effort.
The very prison cells that held him and others arrested by the Gestapo have been unearthed and remain laid bare for all to see.
In September 2003 the Dutch composer Rudi Martinus van Dijk had his work Kreitens Passion for baritone, full choir and symphony orchestra premiered in Düsseldorf by the Düsseldorf Symfoniker in memoriam of Karlrobert Kreiten.
When his publicly expressed satisfaction upon the execution of pianist Karlrobert Kreiten in September 1943 became known to a wider public, he was forced to retire in 1987.
Jourdan was born Louis Robert Gendre in Marseille, France, in 1921, one of three sons of Yvonne (née Jourdan) and Henry Gendre, a hotel owner.
Jourdan was ordered to make German propaganda films, which he refused to do, and fled to join his family in unoccupied France.
The movie is a drama directed by Alfred Hitchcock, who did not want Jourdan cast as the valet in the film.
Louis Henry Jourdan died of a narcotics overdose at the age of 29 on 12 May 1981; his body was buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.
In July 2010 he was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, an honor that he received accompanied by friends, including Sidney Poitier and Kirk Douglas.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Alytus County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
EastLink is a tolled section of the M3 freeway linking a large area through the eastern and south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia.
EastLink was opened to traffic on Sunday 29 June 2008 and in conjunction with the opening, a month-long toll-free period occurred before regular tolling commenced on 27 July 2008.
The project was constructed by a joint venture of Australian construction companies Thiess Contractors and John Holland, with tolling system contracted to SICE, and mechanical and electrical work contracted to United Group Infrastructure.
The freeway has been a contentious issue, amid concerns over environmental damage and the possibility it would lead to a 'complete' metropolitan ring road.
In October 1999 the Bracks Government announced that the freeway (which Labor had not promised at the election) had been scrapped.
Instead the government promised to investigate a preferred route for the Rowville railway line and extend the 75 tram to Knox, of which neither have been fulfilled.
However, in 'major policy about-face' the Bracks Government announced in August 2000 that they would seek federal funding for the freeway.
To obtain funding the freeway would need to be classified as a road of 'national importance', despite the fact that it did not form part of the national highway grid.
The 'U-turn' on the freeway was strongly criticised by opponents such as the Public Transport Users Association as it would result in public transport alternatives such as the Rowville railway line being scrapped.
He alleged that the freeway would threaten migratory birds, plant species and wetlands and that the freeway was part of a larger plan to build a metropolitan ring road to Greensborough.
In light of the court case, state government bureaucrats removed references to the metropolitan ring road from a draft Metropolitan Strategy.
In October 2004, SEITA awarded the contract for the design, construction, and operation of EastLink to ConnectEast, a company that was publicly listed on the ASX in November 2004.
ConnectEast subsequently contracted Thiess John Holland, a group formed by the partnership of two major construction companies, to carry out the detailed design and construction of EastLink.
On 24 March 2008 Tim Pallas announced that the twin tunnels would be named 'Melba' and 'Mullum Mullum', in the inbound and outbound direction, respectively.
The opening of the road on 29 June 2008 saw traffic on nearby Stud, Springvale and Blackburn Roads drop by 30% to 40%, but traffic on the Eastern Freeway rose by 5 per cent at the Burke Road intersection, and by about 1–2 per cent at Hoddle Street in the city.
On average 270,868 cars, trucks and motorbikes travelled on the road every day until the tolling was introduced on 23 July.
This was in line with estimates of a 40 to 50 per cent decline, but is a third below prospectus forecasts.
The new name was reportedly chosen because it is easier to say and apparently easier to remember and fit on the street directories.
On 24 March 2008 Tim Pallas announced that the twin tunnels would be named 'Melba' and 'Mullum Mullum', in the inbound and outbound direction, respectively.
EastLink begins at the eastern end of the Eastern Freeway at Springvale Road in Nunawading, before tunnelling eastward towards Ringwood under the Mullum Mullum Creek area.
It then travels 40 km south towards Frankston, passing through the suburbs of Wantirna, Wantirna South, Scoresby, Rowville, Mulgrave, Dandenong North, Noble Park, Keysborough, Dandenong South, Bangholme, and Carrum Downs, before ending at the northern end of the Frankston Freeway.
The majority of the freeway has three lanes running in each direction, while between Thompson Rd and Frankston Freeway, there are 2 lanes running in each direction.
(12 minutes between Frankston Freeway / Peninsula Link and the Monash Freeway, 7 minutes between the Monash Freeway and the Burwood Highway and 7 minutes between the Burwood Highway and Springvale Road.
Occasionally, traffic congestion occurs between Thompsons Road and the junction with the other three freeways in Carrum Downs, where the freeway changes from three to two lanes.
If a driver travels on EastLink without taking any of the three actions above to pay for the toll(s) either prior to, or within three days after travel, an invoice for cost of the toll(s) plus an account processing fee will be sent to the registered vehicle's owner.
For cars, a one way trip between two consecutive interchanges starts from 42c for sections between Maroondah Highway and High Street Road, slightly more for the longer sections near the south of the tollway, right up to a one way trip through the tunnel section between Maroondah Highway / Ringwood Bypass and Springvale Road which costs $2.87.
A 20 per cent discount applies to the cost of any trip(s) taken on a Saturday or Sunday and also to one way trips between two consecutive interchanges (excluding the tunnels) on weekdays.
Tolls are capped on one way trips for all vehicles except Taxis which are in a different class, from 1-Jul-2018 a normal full length one way trip on EastLink cars will not be charged more than $6.25 in tolls on weekdays or $4.99 on weekends and public holidays.
Whilst the construction of Eastlink alleviated congestion on Springvale Road, it has had the effect of funnelling the traffic onto other roads, particularly increasing traffic on the Eastern Freeway.
Many local councils, organisation, community groups and individuals expressed concerns throughout the proposal and construction phases, over the alterations to traffic patterns and flows and how Eastlink would impact upon local roads in their respective areas.
Another study conducted by Banyule Council showed that, since EastLink opened in June 2008, 800 more trucks a day use main roads in Heidelberg and Rosanna.
In general, it appears as though Eastlink has funnelled large amounts of traffic onto the Eastern Freeway and has attracted an increase in commuters using arterial roads in local areas.
Using it, cyclists and pedestrians are able to cycle or walk most of the distance of the road, along a 3-metre wide dedicated concrete path.
After a medium amount of rain the underpasses flood and trail users must cross over the major roads to continue along the path.
This can prove dangerous and during peak traffic times, trail users are known to have waited up to 20 minutes to safely cross the roads when the underpasses have flooded.
Users may take the Dandenong Creek Trail from this point which will take them to Carrum, where they will be able to join the under construction Peninsula Link trail to Frankston and when completed, Mornington.
For those using the trail, substantial deviations from EastLink must be taken into account in travel times as the shared path does not follow the freeway in many cases as existing trails were joined up to the trails specifically built during the construction of the road.
This has led to some very twisty sections of trail and in some cases, detours of over 3 km from the EastLink.
On 18 February 2010, at 3.15 pm, a semi-trailer lost control on the north-bound side of the tollway, 300m from the Wellington Rd exit.
The truck crossed the road and crashed through the median safety barrier, before crashing into a large pylon holding up a road sign gantry.
The tollway was closed in both directions, the first time since the road opened, between the Monash Freeway and Ferntree Gully Road.
It remained closed until the early hours of the following morning so police could conduct an investigation and ConnectEast could carry out repairs to make the road safe to reopen.
Many environmental groups in Melbourne's east and south-east objected to the project, due to a number of factors, including vehicle emissions and disruption of habitat (in places such as the Mullum Mullum Valley and Dandenong Valley Wetlands).
However, the road was the subject of an extensive Environmental Effects Statement (June 1998), which was followed by an extensive public hearing process in April 1999 before the final Government decision to proceed.
The statement predicted an 18.5per cent increase in carbon dioxide, impacts on groundwater and wetlands, high impacts on areas of conservation value and the potential to affect 38 species of rare or threatened fauna and flora if the freeway was built.
According to EastLink's builders, the road will relieve traffic congestion throughout Melbourne's eastern and south-eastern suburbs, resulting in more efficient traffic flow, therefore reducing fuel consumption and exhaust output.
However, despite the attention on tunnelling beneath the Mullum Mullum Gorge, the Ringwood Interchange is entirely above-ground and has resulted in relocation of the creek through this area.
According to Article 168 of the Constitution of Costa Rica, the political divisions are officially classified into 3 tiers of sub-national entities.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Klaipėda County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Marijampolė County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Panevėžys County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country.
In a narrow sense, foreign direct investment refers just to building new facility, and a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.
Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares (if that purchase results in an investor controlling less than 10% of the shares of the company).
FDI, a subset of international factor movements, is characterized by controlling ownership of a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country.
According to Grazia Ietto-Gillies (2012), prior to Stephen Hymer’s theory regarding direct investment in the 1960s, the reasons behind foreign direct investment and multinational corporations were explained by neoclassical economics based on macro economic principles.
These theories were based on the classical theory of trade in which the motive behind trade was a result of the difference in the costs of production of goods between two countries, focusing on the low cost of production as a motive for a firm's foreign activity.
For example, Joe S. Bain only explained the internationalization challenge through three main principles: absolute cost advantages, product differentiation advantages and economies of scale.
Intrigued by the motivations behind large foreign investments made by corporations from the United States of America, Hymer developed a framework that went beyond the existing theories, explaining why this phenomenon occurred, since he considered that the previously mentioned theories could not explain foreign investment and its motivations.
As opposed to traditional macroeconomics-based theories of investment, Hymer states that there is a difference between mere capital investment, otherwise known as portfolio investment, and direct investment.
The difference between the two, which will become the cornerstone of his whole theoretical framework, is the issue of control, meaning that with direct investment firms are able to obtain a greater level of control than with portfolio investment.
Moreover, he clarifies that FDI is not necessarily a movement of funds from a home country to a host country, and that it is concentrated on particular industries within many countries.
Another observation made by Hymer went against what was maintained by the neoclassical theories: foreign direct investment is not limited to investment of excess profits abroad.
In fact, foreign direct investment can be financed through loans obtained in the host country, payments in exchange for equity (patents, technology, machinery etc.
The main determinants of FDI is side as well as growth prospectus of the economy of the country when FDI is made.
Hymer's importance in the field of International Business and foreign direct investment stems from him being the first to theorize about the existence of multinational enterprises (MNE) and the reasons behind FDI beyond macroeconomic principles, his influence on later scholars and theories in international business, such as the OLI (Ownership, Location and Internationalization) theory by John Dunning and Christos Pitelis which focuses more on transaction costs.
Governmental Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) use various marketing strategies inspired by the private sector to try and attract inward FDI, including diaspora marketing.
This growth has been matched by more rapid increases in gross domestic product, and thus income per capita has increased in most countries around the world since 1950.
An increase in FDI may be associated with improved economic growth due to the influx of capital and increased tax revenues for the host country.
Greater competition from new companies can lead to productivity gains and greater efficiency in the host country and it has been suggested that the application of a foreign entity's policies to a domestic subsidiary may improve corporate governance standards.
Furthermore, foreign investment can result in the transfer of soft skills through training and job creation, the availability of more advanced technology for the domestic market and access to research and development resources.
In many instances, the investing company is simply transferring its older production capacity and machines, which might still be appealing to the host country because of technological lags or under-development, in order to avoid competition against its own products by the host country/company.
A 2010 meta-analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local firms in developing and transition countries suggests that foreign investment robustly increases local productivity growth.
FDI in China, also known as RFDI (renminbi foreign direct investment), has increased considerably in the last decade, reaching $19.1 billion in the first six months of 2012, making China the largest recipient of foreign direct investment at that point of time and topping the United States which had $17.4 billion of FDI.
In 2013 the FDI flow into China was $24.1 billion, resulting in a 34.7% market share of FDI into the Asia-Pacific region.
During the first nine months of 2016, China reportedly surpassed the US to become the world's largest assets acquirer, measured by the value of corporate takeovers.
As part of the transition by Chinese investors from an interest in developing economies to high-income economies, Europe has become an important destination for Chinese outward FDI.
The rapid increase in Chinese takeovers of European companies has fueled concerns among political observers and policymakers over a wide range of issues.
These issues include potential negative strategic implications for individual EU member states and the EU as a whole, links between the Chinese Communist Party and the investing enterprises, and the lack of reciprocity in terms of limited access for European investors to the Chinese market.
On March 15, 2019, China's National People's Congress adopted the Foreign Investment Law, which comes into effect as of January 1, 2020.
As Singh subsequently became the prime minister, this has been one of his top political problems, even in the current times.
India imposes cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors, current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49%.
Starting from a baseline of less than $1 billion in 1990, a 2012 UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 2010–2012.
Based on UNCTAD data FDI flows were $10.4 billion, a drop of 43% from the first half of the last year.
84% of FDI in the United States in 2010 came from or through eight countries: Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Canada.
A major source of investment is real estate; the foreign investment in this area totaled $92.2 billion in 2013, under various forms of purchase structures (considering the U.S. taxation and residency laws).
A 2008 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco indicated that foreigners hold greater shares of their investment portfolios in the United States if their own countries have less developed financial markets, an effect whose magnitude decreases with income per capita.
Countries with fewer capital controls and greater trade with the United States also invest more in U.S. equity and bond markets.
White House data reported in 2011 found that a total of 5.7 million workers were employed at facilities highly dependent on foreign direct investors.
The average pay of said jobs was found as around $70,000 per worker, over 30% higher than the average pay across the entire U.S. workforce.
In September 2013, the United States House of Representatives voted to pass the Global Investment in American Jobs Act of 2013 (H.R.
Former Prime Minister Theresa May sought investment from emerging markets and from the Far East in particular and some of Britain's largest infrastructure including energy and skyscrapers such as The Shard have been built with foreign investment.
The law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Investment Activity suggests the objectives of improvement of the legal base on foreign direct investment activity.
The Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Azerbaijan play one of major roles in the area of regulation of foreign direct investment activity in Azerbaijan.
According to the Statute of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to prepare the state policy in the area of investment activity, attraction of investments, investing and promotion of investments and ensure implementation with relevant government bodies together is one of its activity directions.
Also, according to the Statute of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to participate in compilation of the state investment programs and preparation and implementation of the state investment policy, development concept and strategies of state programs is one of its activity directions.
The government of Armenia has introduces some measures, such as free economic zones for high-tech industries that in turn facilitate the provision of preferential treatment to companies on VAT, property tax, corporate profit tax and customs duties.
Alongside the reforms, significant mineral resources, relatively skilled and inexpensive labor and its geographic location are likewise factors that might attract FDI in Armenia.
In 1994, a consulting council of FDI was an established in Russia, which was responsible for setting tax rate and policies for exchange rate, improving investment environment, mediating relationship between central and local government, researching and improving images of FDI work, and increasing the right and responsibility of Ministry of Economic in appealing FDI and enforcing all kinds of policies.
In 1997, Russia starts to enact policies appealing for FDI on particular industries, for example, fossil fuel, gas, woods, transportation, food reprocessing, etc.
In 1999, Russia announced a law named 'FDI of the Russian Federation', which aimed at providing a basic guarantee for foreign investors on investing, running business, earnings.
In 2014, president Putin announced that once abroad Russian investment inflows legally, it would not be checked by tax or law sector.
But it was their use of artillery shocked their adversaries and impelled the other two Islamic Gunpowder Empires to accelerate their weapons program.
The Ottomans had artillery at least by the reign of Bayezid I and used them in the sieges of Constantinople in 1399 and 1402.
The combination of artillery and Janissary firepower proved decisive at Varna in 1444 against a force of Crusaders, and later Başkent in 1473 against the Aq Qoyunlu.
The matchlock first began to be used by the Janissary corps in the first half of the 15th century, by the 1440s.
Ottoman Classical Army was the military structure established by Mehmed II, during his reorganization of the state and the military efforts.
This is the major reorganization following Orhan I which organized a standing army paid by salary rather than booty or fiefs.
The classical Ottoman army was the most disciplined and feared military force of its time, mainly due to its high level of organization, logistical capabilities and its elite troops.
Following a century long reform efforts, this Army was forced to disbandment by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 by what is known as Auspicious Incident.
By the reign of Mahmud the second, the elite jannisaries had become corrupt and always stood in the way of modernization efforts meaning they were more of a liability then an asset.
By the siege of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottomans had large enough cannons to batter the walls of the city, to the surprise of the defenders.
The Dardanelles Gun was still present for duty more than 340 years later in 1807, when a Royal Navy force appeared and commenced the Dardanelles Operation.
The marching band and military band both have their origins in the Ottoman military band, performed by the Janissary since the 16th century.
The Janissaries were tied strictly to being able to perform military duties at any time, however the Sipahi were treated differently primarily in that they got their income from the land that was given to them from the Sultan.
The French officer and adventurer Claude-Alexandre de Bonneval (1675–1747) went in the service of Sultan Mahmud I, converted to Islam, and endeavoured to modernize the Ottoman army, creating cannon foundries, powder and musket factories and a military engineering school.
He succeeded in having a new foundry built to make howitzers, and was instrumental in the creation of mobile artillery units.
He built fortifications on the Bosphorus and started a naval science course that laid the foundation stone for the later Turkish Naval Academy.
The new ships and guns that made it into service were too few to have much of an influence on the Ottoman army and de Tott returned home.
When they had requested French help, a young artillery officer by the name of Napoleon Bonaparte was to be sent to Constantinople in 1795 to help organize Ottoman artillery.
Sultan Selim III formed the Nizam-ı Cedid army (Nizam-ı Cedid meaning New Order) in the late 18th century and early 19th century.
The two largest military reforms were the effective practices of indoctrination and surveillance, which dramatically changed the way the military was both conducted by the leadership and also perceived by the rest of society.
This shift from direct control by bodily punishment to indirect control through strict law enforcement aimed to make the soldiers' lives predictable, thus creating a more manageable military for the Pasha.
The shift from Classical Army (1451–1606) took more than a century beginning from failed attempts of Selim III (1789) to a period of Ottoman military reforms (1826–1858) and finally Abdulhamid II.
Abdulhamid II, as early as 1880 sought, and two years later secured, German assistance, which culminated in the appointment of Lt. Col. Kohler.
Although the consensus that Abdulhamid favored the modernization of the Ottoman army and the professionalization of the officer corps was fairly general, it seems that he neglected the military during the last fifteen years of his reign, and he also cut down the military budget.
The Ottoman Navy, also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was established in the early 14th century after the empire first expanded to reach the sea in 1323 by capturing Karamürsel, the site of the first Ottoman naval shipyard and the nucleus of the future Navy.
This position was abolished in 1867, when it was replaced by the Minister of the Navy () and a number of Fleet Commanders ().
After the demise of the Ottoman Empire, the Navy's tradition was continued under the Turkish Naval Forces of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
The history of Ottoman military aviation dates back to June 1909 or July 1911 depending if active duty assignment is accepted as the establishment.
According to Edward J. Erickson, the very term Ottoman Air Force is a gross exaggeration and the term Osmanlı Hava Kuvvetleri (Ottoman Air Force) unfortunately is often repeated in contemporary Turkish sources.
With the signing of the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the Ottoman military aviation effectively came to an end.
At the time of the armistice, the Ottoman military aviation had around 100 pilots; 17 land-based airplane companies (4 planes each); and 3 seaplane companies (4 planes each); totalling 80 aircraft.
In times of need every town, quarter, and village had the duty to present a fully equipped conscript at the recruiting office.
The Ottoman Military College in Istanbul was the Ottoman Empire's two-year military staff college, which aimed to educate staff officers for the Ottoman Army.
Marshal Ahmed Fevzi Pasha together with Mehmed Namık Pasha formed the Academy in 1834 as the Mekteb-i Harbiye (Ottoman Turkish: lit.
This foundation occurred in the context of military reforms within the Ottoman Empire, which recognized the need for more educated officers to modernize its army.
The need for a new military order was part of the reforms of Sultan Mahmud II (), continued by his son Abdülmecit I ().
François Baron de Tott, a French officer and advisor to the Ottoman military, was appointed for the establishment of a course to provide education on plane geometry and navigation.
The course, attended also by civilian captains of the merchant marine, took place on board a galleon anchored at Kasimpaşa in Istanbul and lasted three months.
From 1795 on, the training was divided into navigation and cartography for officers of the deck, and naval architecture and shipbuilding for naval engineers.
The Ottoman War Medal, better known as the Gallipoli Star, was instituted by the Sultan Mehmed Reshad V on 1 March 1915 for gallantry in battle.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Šiauliai County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
In October 1795, Catherine II of Russia granted Šiauliai the city rights and the privilege to become the capital town of the region.
The county system remained until 1950 when the counties were abolished and entire area was divided into smaller units - districts, or rajonas in Lithuanian.
However, the interwar apskritys should not be mixed with current apskritys, as their purpose, sizes, and number are all different, see administrative division of Lithuania.
The entire area of Lithuania is currently divided into 10 larger units - apskritys and smaller districts, consisting of urban and rural elderships.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Tauragė County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Telšiai County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
It originates from the Neolithic rice-farming cultures of the Yangtze River basin in southern China, associated with pre-Austronesian and Hmong-Mien cultures.
The technology was also acquired by other cultures in mainland Asia for rice farming, spreading to East Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, and South Asia.
Fields can be built into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such as rivers or marshes.
It is practiced extensively in Bangladesh, Cambodia , China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
It has also been introduced elsewhere since the colonial era, notably in Northern Italy, the Camargue in France, and in Spain, particularly in the Albufera de València wetlands in the Valencian Community, the Ebro Delta in Catalonia and the Guadalquivir wetlands in Andalusia, as well as along the eastern coast of Brazil, the Artibonite Valley in Haiti, and Sacramento Valley in California, among other places.
Paddy fields are a major source of atmospheric methane and have been estimated to contribute in the range of 50 to 100 million tonnes of the gas per annum.
Studies have shown that this can be significantly reduced while also boosting crop yield by draining the paddies to allow the soil to aerate to interrupt methane production.
Studies have also shown the variability in assessment of methane emission using local, regional and global factors and calling for better inventorisation based on micro level data.
Paddy cultivation should not be confused with cultivation of deepwater rice, which is grown in flooded conditions with water more than 50 cm (20 in) deep for at least a month.
The first, and most likely, is in the lower Yangtze River, believed to be the homelands of the pre-Austronesians and possibly also the Kra-Dai, and associated with the Kauhuqiao, Hemudu, Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu, and Maquiao cultures.
The second is in the middle Yangtze River, believed to be the homelands of the early Hmong-Mien-speakers and associated with the Pengtoushan, Nanmuyuan, Liulinxi, Daxi, Qujialing, and Shijiahe cultures.
Both of these regions were heavily populated and had regular trade contacts with each other, as well as with early Austroasiatic speakers to the west, and early Kra-Dai speakers to the south, facilitating the spread of rice cultivation throughout southern China.
The earliest paddy field found dates to 4330 BC, based on carbon dating of grains of rice and soil organic matter found at the Chaodun site in Kunshan County.
There is archaeological evidence that unhusked rice was stored for the military and for burial with the deceased from the Neolithic period to the Han Dynasty in China.
By the late Neolithic (3500 to 2500 BC), population in the rice cultivating centers had increased rapidly, centered around the Qujialing-Shijiahe culture and the Liangzhu culture.
There was also evidence of intensive rice cultivation in paddy fields as well as increasingly sophisticated material cultures in these two regions.
The number of settlements among the Yangtze cultures and their sizes increased, leading some archeologists to characterize them as true states, with clearly advanced socio-political structures.
Fortifications like walls (as well as extensive moats in Liangzhu cities) are common features in settlements during this period, indicating widespread conflict.
This period also coincides with the southward movement of rice-farming cultures to the Lingnan and Fujian regions, as well as the southward migrations of the Austronesian, Kra-Dai, and Austroasiatic-speaking peoples to Mainland Southeast Asia and Island Southeast Asia.
2800 BC, has yielded numerous carbonized remains of both rice and millet in waterlogged conditions, indicating intensive wetland rice cultivation and dryland millet cultivation.
From about 2000 to 1500 BC, the Austronesian expansion began, with settlers from Taiwan moving south to colonize Luzon in the Philippines, bringing rice cultivation technologies with them.
From Luzon, Austronesians rapidly colonized the rest of Island Southeast Asia, moving westwards to Borneo, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra; and southwards to Sulawesi and Java.
By 500 BC, there is evidence of intensive wetland rice agriculture already established in Java and Bali, especially near very fertile volcanic islands.
Rice did not survive the Austronesian voyages into Micronesia and Polynesia, however wet-field agriculture was transferred to the cultivation of other crops, most notably for taro cultivation.
The Austronesian Lapita culture also came into contact with the non-Austronesian (Papuan) early agriculturists of New Guinea and introduced wetland farming techniques to them.
In turn, they assimilated their range of indigenous cultivated fruits and tubers before spreading further eastward to Island Melanesia and Polynesia.
Rice and wet-field agriculture were also introduced to Madagascar, the Comoros, and the coast of East Africa by around the 1st millennium AD by Austronesian settlers from the Greater Sunda Islands.
A pit-house at the Daecheon-ni site yielded carbonized rice grains and radiocarbon dates, indicating that rice cultivation in dry-fields may have begun as early as the Middle Jeulmun pottery period (c. 3500–2000 BC) in the Korean Peninsula.
The paddy field feature was found next to a pit-house that is dated to the latter part of the Early Mumun pottery period (c. 1100–850 BC).
The earliest Mumun features were usually located in low-lying narrow gullies, that were naturally swampy and fed by the local stream system.
Some Mumun paddy fields in flat areas were made of a series of squares and rectangles, separated by bunds approximately 10 cm in height, while terraced paddy fields consisted of long irregular shapes that followed natural contours of the land at various levels.
Mumun Period rice farmers used all of the elements that are present in today's paddy fields, such as terracing, bunds, canals, and small reservoirs.
We can grasp some paddy-field farming techniques of the Middle Mumun (c. 850–550 BC), from the well-preserved wooden tools excavated from archaeological rice fields at the Majeon-ni Site.
The spatial scale of paddy-fields increased, with the regular use of iron tools, in the Three Kingdoms of Korea Period (c. AD 300/400-668).
The Early Yayoi has been re-dated, and it appears that wet-field agriculture developed at about the same time as in the Korean peninsula.
Although China's agricultural output is the largest in the world, only about 15% of its total land area can be cultivated.
Most rice is grown south of the Huai River, in the Yangtze valley, the Zhu Jiang delta, and in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces.
11,500 BP has been found, however it is still questioned whether the rice was indeed being cultivated, or instead being gathered as wild rice.
Bruce Smith, an archaeologist at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., who has written on the origins of agriculture, says that evidence has been mounting that the Yangtze was probably the site of the earliest rice cultivation.
In 1998, Crawford & Shen reported that the earliest of 14 AMS or radiocarbon dates on rice from at least nine Early to Middle Neolithic sites is no older than 7000 BC, that rice from the Hemudu and Luojiajiao sites indicates that rice domestication likely began before 5000 BC, but that most sites in China from which rice remains have been recovered are younger than 5000 BC.
One was the use of cast iron tools and beasts of burden to pull plows, and the other was the large-scale harnessing of rivers and development of water conservation projects.
Sunshu Ao of the 6th century BC and Ximen Bao of the 5th century BC are two of the earliest hydraulic engineers from China, and their works were focused upon improving irrigation systems.
These developments were widely spread during the ensuing Warring States period (403–221 BC), culminating in the enormous Du Jiang Yan Irrigation System engineered by Li Bing by 256 BC for the State of Qin in ancient Sichuan.
During the Eastern Jin (317–420) and the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420–589), land-use became more intensive and efficient, rice was grown twice a year and cattle began to be used for plowing and fertilization.
In circa 750, 75% of China's population lived north of the river Yangtze, but by 1250, 75% of China's population lived south of the river Yangtze.
India has the largest paddy output in the world and is also the fourth largest exporter of rice in the world.
Paddy is cultivated at least twice a year in most parts of India, the two seasons being known as Rabi and Kharif respectively.
Many festivals such as Onam in Kerala, Bihu in Assam, Makara Sankranthi in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Thai Pongal In Tamil Nadu, Makar Sankranti in Karnataka, Nabanna in West Bengal celebrates harvest of Paddy.
Kaveri delta region of Thanjavur is historically known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu and Kuttanadu is called the rice bowl of Kerala.
Three weeks following germination, the 15-20 centimetre (6–8 in) stalks are picked and replanted at greater separation, in a backbreaking manual procedure.
Rice harvesting in Central Java is often performed not by owners or sharecroppers of paddy, but rather by itinerant middlemen, whose small firms specialize in harvesting, transport, milling, and distribution to markets.
The fertile volcanic soil of much of the Indonesian archipelago—and particularly the islands of Java and Bali—has made rice a central dietary staple.
The acidic soil conditions common in Japan due to volcanic eruptions have made the paddy field the most productive farming method.
In fact, the character , which originally meant 'field' in general, is used in Japan exclusively to convey the meaning 'rice paddy field'.
One of the oldest samples of writing in Japan is widely credited to the kanji found on pottery at the archaeological site of Matsutaka in Mie Prefecture that dates to the late 2nd century.
Most of these places are somehow related to the paddy field and, in many cases, are based on the history of a particular location.
Farmers tend and weed their paddy fields through the summer until around the time of Chuseok, a traditional holiday held on 15 August of the Lunar Calendar (circa mid-September by Solar Calendar).
Coordinating the harvest can be challenging because many Korean farmers have small paddy fields in a number of locations around their villages, and modern harvesting machines are sometimes shared between extended family members.
Paddy fields also can be found on Malaysia's eastern coast region, mainly in Kelantan and Terengganu, and also in Selangor, especially in the districts of Kuala Selangor and Sabak Bernam.
Before Malaysia became heavily reliant on its industrial output, people were mainly involved in agriculture, especially in the production of rice.
Rice is grown primarily in three areas – the Irrawaddy Delta, the area along and the delta of the Kaladan River, and the Central plains around Mandalay, though there has been an increase in rice farming in Shan State and Kachin State in recent years.
Rice is now grown in all the three seasons of Myanmar, though primarily in the Monsoon season – from June to October.
Rice grown in the delta areas rely heavily on the river water and sedimented minerals from the northern mountains, whilst the rice grown in the central regions require irrigation from the Irrawaddy River.
The fields are tilled when the first rains arrive – traditionally measured at 40 days after Thingyan, the Burmese New Year – around the beginning of June.
Nueva Ecija is considered the main rice growing province of the Philippines and the leading producer of onions in the Municipality of Bongabon in Southeast Asia.
The Banaue Rice Terraces is an example of paddy fields in the country, it is located in Northern Luzon, Philippines and were built by the Ifugaos 2,000 years ago.
Streams and springs found in the mountains were tapped and channeled into Irrigation canals that run downhill through the rice terraces.
Other notable Philippine paddy fields are the Batad Rice Terraces, the Bangaan Rice Terraces, the Mayoyao Rice Terraces and the Hapao Rice Terraces.
Located at Barangay Batad in Banaue, the Batad Rice Terraces are shaped like an amphitheatre, and can be reached by a 12-kilometer ride from Banaue Hotel and a 2-hour hike uphill through mountain trails.
The Bangaan Rice Terraces is accessible in a one-hour ride from Poblacion, Banaue, then a 20-minute trek down to the village.
Around 1.5 million hectares of land is cultivated in Sri Lanka for paddy in 2008/2009 maha: 64% of which is cultivated during the dry season and 35% cultivated during the wet season.
It has the fifth-largest amount of land under rice cultivation in the world and is the world's largest exporter of rice.
Thailand has plans to further increase its land available for rice production, with a goal of adding 500,000 hectares to its already 9.2 million hectares of rice-growing areas.
The most produced strain of rice in Thailand is jasmine rice, which has a significantly lower yield rate than other types of rice, but also normally fetches more than double the price of other strains in a global market.
In the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam, control of seasonal riverine floodings is achieved by an extensive network of dykes which over the centuries total some 3000 km.
In the Mekong Delta of southern Vietnam, there is an interlacing drainage and irrigation canal system that has become the symbol of this area.
In the Middle Ages Ballens was the center of a small dominion which was under the control of the Romainmôtier monastery and the lords of Aubonne.
After the capture of Vaud by Bern in 1536 Ballens shared in the fate of Aubonne and in 1701 it became part of the district of Aubonne.
After the collapse of the Ancien régime the village belonged to the canton of Léman from 1798 to 1803 during the Helvetic Republic.
In 1798 Ballens was assigned to the district of Morges, and in 1803 it became part of the district of Aubonne.
Of the rest of the land, or 5.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.7% is unproductive land.
This wide, flat valley serves as a channel for melt water from the Rhône Glacier, a remnant from the Ice Age.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Ballens became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 22.9% due to migration and at a rate of 4.7% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (301 or 88.0%), with German being second most common (19 or 5.6%) and Portuguese being third (17 or 5.0%).
There were 102 or 29.8% who were born in the same canton, while 69 or 20.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 50 or 14.6% were born outside of Switzerland.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 13 and the non-Swiss population increased by 3 people.
The age distribution, , in Ballens is; 51 children or 11.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 51 teenagers or 11.7% are between 10 and 19.
44 people or 10.1% are between 30 and 39, 62 people or 14.3% are between 40 and 49, and 58 people or 13.3% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 50 people or 11.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 33 people or 7.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 22 people or 5.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 4 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 149 households that answered this question, 26.8% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 54 married couples without children, 39 married couples with children There were 8 single parents with a child or children.
There was 1 household that was made up of unrelated people and 4 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 194 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.3% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 8 individuals (or about 2.34% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
43 (or about 12.57% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7 individuals (or about 2.05% of the population) did not answer the question.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
Out of the forested land, 58.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 24.3% is used for growing crops and 2.6% is pastures and 8.5% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Berolle became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 34% due to migration and at a rate of 9.9% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (197 or 92.9%), with German being second most common (4 or 1.9%) and Italian being third (4 or 1.9%).
There were 84 or 39.6% who were born in the same canton, while 31 or 14.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 24 or 11.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there was 1 live birth to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there was 1 death of a Swiss citizen.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 2 and the non-Swiss population increased by 2 people.
The age distribution, , in Berolle is; 51 children or 17.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 46 teenagers or 16.1% are between 10 and 19.
47 people or 16.5% are between 30 and 39, 44 people or 15.4% are between 40 and 49, and 31 people or 10.9% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 23 people or 8.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 11 people or 3.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 4 people or 1.4% who are between 80 and 89.
Out of a total of 71 households that answered this question, 12.7% were households made up of just one person and there were 2 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 23 married couples without children, 29 married couples with children There were 4 single parents with a child or children.
There were 2 households that were made up of unrelated people and 2 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 113 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.0% of the workforce.
The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 13 of which 5 or (38.5%) were in manufacturing, 4 or (30.8%) were in mining and 4 (30.8%) were in construction.
In the tertiary sector; 1 was in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 14.3% were in the information industry, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 4 or 28.6% were in education.
Of the rest of the population, there were 3 individuals (or about 1.42% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
35 (or about 16.51% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 5 individuals (or about 2.36% of the population) did not answer the question.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
The transnationale Universiteit Limburg (abbreviation tUL and translation in English is: 'transnational University Limburg') is based in Belgium and the Netherlands.
The tUL was founded together by both the Universiteit Maastricht and the Limburgs Universitair Centrum, now Hasselt University as a way to co-operate better.
Even though it has been created out of two already existing universities, it legally is not dependent on any of them.
In 1998 a mixed Dutch/Belgian committee proposed the idea of an official transnational university, which got accepted by the Flemish government in 1999.
In 2001 the treaty was signed by the Dutch and Belgian minister of education officially instating the tUL as the first Belgian-Dutch transnational university.
The official number of students starting college in 2001 was at 526, 220 for Biomedical Sciences and 306 for Computer Science/Knowledge Engineering.
Also, there were issues concerning national differences (amongst others on the legal/financial division of responsibilities), and also on the Dutch side the tUL was considered a prestige/vanity project of former Maastricht University board chairman Karl Dittrich.
Of the rest of the land, or 6.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 3.4% is unproductive land.
Out of the forested land, 48.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 21.8% is used for growing crops and 9.7% is pastures and 6.3% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Bière became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 0.3% due to migration and at a rate of 2.3% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,182 or 87.4%), with German being second most common (49 or 3.6%) and Portuguese being third (48 or 3.5%).
There were 424 or 31.3% who were born in the same canton, while 203 or 15.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 249 or 18.4% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 13 live births to Swiss citizens and 4 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 6 deaths of Swiss citizens.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 9 and the non-Swiss population increased by 18 people.
The age distribution, , in Bière is; 145 children or 10.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 184 teenagers or 12.8% are between 10 and 19.
186 people or 13.0% are between 30 and 39, 231 people or 16.1% are between 40 and 49, and 177 people or 12.4% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 155 people or 10.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 95 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 73 people or 5.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 19 people or 1.3% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 562 households that answered this question, 28.5% were households made up of just one person and there were 5 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 170 married couples without children, 178 married couples with children There were 27 single parents with a child or children.
There were 10 households that were made up of unrelated people and 12 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 672 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.5% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 24 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.77% of the population), and there were 18 individuals (or about 1.33% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
130 (or about 9.61% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 60 individuals (or about 4.43% of the population) did not answer the question.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
Of the agricultural land, 9.0% is used for growing crops and 5.6% is pastures, while 23.7% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Bougy-Villars became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 17.9% due to migration and at a rate of 6.3% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (315 or 85.1%), with German being second most common (30 or 8.1%) and Portuguese being third (10 or 2.7%).
There were 100 or 27.0% who were born in the same canton, while 93 or 25.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 81 or 21.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 1 and the non-Swiss population increased by 4 people.
The age distribution, , in Bougy-Villars is; 56 children or 12.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 60 teenagers or 13.1% are between 10 and 19.
52 people or 11.3% are between 30 and 39, 84 people or 18.3% are between 40 and 49, and 70 people or 15.3% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 60 people or 13.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 37 people or 8.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 9 people or 2.0% who are between 80 and 89, and there is 1 person who is 90 and older.
Out of a total of 154 households that answered this question, 28.6% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 53 married couples without children, 45 married couples with children There were 5 single parents with a child or children.
There were 4 households that were made up of unrelated people and 2 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 178 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.0% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.54% of the population), and there was 1 individual who belongs to another Christian church.
55 (or about 14.86% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 11 individuals (or about 2.97% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 107 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.3% were Swiss men, 24.3% were Swiss women, 14.0% were non-Swiss men and 9.3% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
Féchy is a municipality located in the district of Morges of the Swiss canton of Vaud, in Romandy, the French-speaking part of the country.
Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area Out of the forested land, 5.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 27.8% is used for growing crops and 3.0% is pastures, while 39.6% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Féchy became part of the new district of Morges.
The municipality consists of two settlement areas on both sides of road known as Vy d'Etraz, which runs between Nyon and Aubonne.
It consists of the village of Féchy and the hamlets of La Crausaz, Le Saugey and Féchy-Dessus and the new development of Les Cassivettes.
It has changed at a rate of 15.5% due to migration and at a rate of 7% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (500 or 79.1%), with German being second most common (44 or 7.0%) and Portuguese being third (36 or 5.7%).
There were 190 or 30.1% who were born in the same canton, while 113 or 17.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 170 or 26.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 8 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there was 1 death of a Swiss citizen and 1 non-Swiss citizen death.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 6 and the non-Swiss population increased by 17 people.
The age distribution, , in Féchy is; 100 children or 13.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 89 teenagers or 11.6% are between 10 and 19.
100 people or 13.0% are between 30 and 39, 132 people or 17.1% are between 40 and 49, and 108 people or 14.0% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 102 people or 13.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 32 people or 4.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 21 people or 2.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 3 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 250 households that answered this question, 24.4% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 71 married couples without children, 94 married couples with children There were 10 single parents with a child or children.
There were 5 households that were made up of unrelated people and 6 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 340 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.9% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 16 individuals (or about 2.53% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 10 individuals (or about 1.58% of the population) who were Jewish, and there was 1 individual who was Islamic.
108 (or about 17.09% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 21 individuals (or about 3.32% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 150 who completed tertiary schooling, 48.7% were Swiss men, 30.7% were Swiss women, 13.3% were non-Swiss men and 7.3% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
Edgbaston is an affluent suburban area of central Birmingham, England, historically in Warwickshire, and curved around the southwest of the city centre.
In the 19th century, the area was under the control of the Gough-Calthorpe family and the Gillott family who refused to allow factories or warehouses to be built in Edgbaston, thus making it attractive for the wealthier residents of the city.
Edgbaston is home to Edgbaston Cricket Ground, a Test match venue, the University of Birmingham, established as Birmingham Medical School in 1825, eight out of the nine independent schools within the city, Edgbaston Golf Club, one of the most exclusive private members clubs in the Midlands, as well as the Priory Club, which boasts world class sporting facilities.
In addition, the area also boasts the Birmingham Botanical Gardens as well as the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society, which is the oldest lawn tennis club in the world that is still in use today.
The area is also home to a Michelin star restaurant, Simpsons, as well as a host of renowned pubs such as The Highfield, The Physician and the Edgbaston.
The United Kingdom Census 2001 found that 20,749 people were living in the Birmingham City Council ward of Edgbaston, in 8,666 households.
It also had a lower proportion of people of working age at 73.8%, although it was above the national percentage of 61.5%.
Edgbaston has a slightly above average percentage for ethnic minorities with ethnic minorities representing 31.8% of the population as opposed to 29.6% for Birmingham.
As well as hosting regular county matches, the ground plays host to the England cricket team during one day internationals and test matches.
The DFS Classic for female players has been held there every year since 1982 and some of the world's top players participate.
The Church of England parish churches are St Augustine's Church, St Germain's Church, St. George's Church and St. Bartholomew's Church, also known as Edgbaston Old Church.
The Roman Catholic church of the Birmingham Oratory, on Hagley Road, was built in 1907 in the Baroque style as a memorial to John Henry Newman, who founded the English Oratory here.
The Barber Institute of Fine Arts, which is located on the University of Birmingham campus, is a purpose built gallery which contains a wide range of art from the masters to Picasso.
Edgbaston Reservoir, formerly known as Rotton Park Reservoir, provides a header supply for the Birmingham Canal Navigations and is an important inner city leisure amenity.
There are three public gardens located within Edgbaston; the Birmingham Botanical Gardens and the lesser known University of Birmingham Winterbourne Botanic Garden and Martineau Gardens.
Adjoining the university gardens is Edgbaston Pool (not to be confused with the reservoir) which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Deer's Leap Wood is a Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation in the former Mitchells & Butlers (brewery) land in the north part of Edgbaston.
Of the rest of the land, or 5.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.5% is unproductive land.
Out of the forested land, 60.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 20.6% is used for growing crops and 6.7% is pastures and 4.3% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Gimel became part of the new district of Morges.
It has changed at a rate of 31.5% due to migration and at a rate of -2% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,285 or 88.7%), with German being second most common (39 or 2.7%) and Italian being third (35 or 2.4%).
There were 473 or 32.6% who were born in the same canton, while 215 or 14.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 288 or 19.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 10 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 14 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 56 and the non-Swiss population increased by 39 people.
The age distribution, , in Gimel is; 207 children or 12.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 219 teenagers or 12.9% are between 10 and 19.
269 people or 15.8% are between 30 and 39, 266 people or 15.7% are between 40 and 49, and 232 people or 13.7% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 158 people or 9.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 87 people or 5.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 76 people or 4.5% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 21 people or 1.2% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 556 households that answered this question, 29.1% were households made up of just one person and there were 2 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 143 married couples without children, 201 married couples with children There were 25 single parents with a child or children.
There were 8 households that were made up of unrelated people and 15 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 713 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.5% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 21 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.45% of the population), and there were 61 individuals (or about 4.21% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
172 (or about 11.87% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 100 individuals (or about 6.90% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 134 who completed tertiary schooling, 53.7% were Swiss men, 27.6% were Swiss women, 11.2% were non-Swiss men and 7.5% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.
Out of the forested land, 55.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 25.5% is used for growing crops and 9.6% is pastures and 4.0% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Longirod became part of the new district of Nyon.
It has changed at a rate of 12.4% due to migration and at a rate of 8.4% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (287 or 83.4%), with German being second most common (30 or 8.7%) and English being third (16 or 4.7%).
There were 67 or 19.5% who were born in the same canton, while 102 or 29.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 49 or 14.2% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 7 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there was 1 death of a Swiss citizen and 1 non-Swiss citizen death.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 1 and the non-Swiss population increased by 12 people.
The age distribution, , in Longirod is; 62 children or 14.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 51 teenagers or 11.9% are between 10 and 19.
63 people or 14.8% are between 30 and 39, 67 people or 15.7% are between 40 and 49, and 56 people or 13.1% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 43 people or 10.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 25 people or 5.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 14 people or 3.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 6 people or 1.4% who are 90 and older.
Of the rest of the households, there are 43 married couples without children, 47 married couples with children There were 5 single parents with a child or children.
There were 2 households that were made up of unrelated people and 6 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 176 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.6% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.58% of the population), and there were 7 individuals (or about 2.03% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
55 (or about 15.99% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7 individuals (or about 2.03% of the population) did not answer the question.
The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.1, but with only of rain or snow.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 1,249 children of which 563 children (45.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1836, studied law under Daniel E. Watrous at Montevallo, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Talladega, Alabama as the law partner of Messrs. Thomas and Wm.
He was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Felix G. McConnell.
He did not stand for reelection in 1850 and moved to Henderson, Rusk County, Texas in 1852, where he resumed his law practice as the partner of George W. Chilton.
Elyesa Bazna (), infrequently referred to as Iliaz and Ilyaz Bazna (; 28 July 1904 – 21 December 1970), was a secret agent for Nazi Germany during World War II, operating under the code name Cicero.
Bazna held a number of manual jobs in Turkish and French cities before obtaining work for foreign diplomats and consulates as a doorman, driver, and guard.
As Cicero, Bazna passed on important information about many of the Allied leaders' conferences, including the Moscow, Tehran and Cairo Conferences.
The details for the Tehran Conference were important for Operation Long Jump, the unsuccessful plot to kill Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill.
He had also conveyed a document that carried the highest security restriction (BIGOT list) about Operation Overlord (the code name for the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944).
He also provided intelligence that might have made the Germans believe that there was no danger of attack in the Balkans.
The information that he leaked is believed to have been among the potentially more damaging disclosures made by an agent during the Second World War.
The German Foreign Office questioned the intelligence provided by Cicero due to the large quantity of transmitted documents, which meant that little, if any, of it was acted upon.
Once the British became aware that there was a spy operating within the Turkish Embassy, they investigated Bazna, installed a new alarm system, and initiated an unsuccessful sting to catch him selling intelligence.
He stopped selling information to the Germans by the end of February 1944 and left the embassy within a month or so.
He attempted to buy and operate a hotel in Ankara with the proceeds of his spying career, but it was discovered that much of the money was counterfeit.
He later stated that his father was a Muslim mullah named Hafiz Yazan Bazna, his uncle was Maj. Gen. Kemal, and his grandfather was Tahir Pasha the Brave.
When he was 14 Serb forces occupied Bazna's birthplace and his family relocated during the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire to Istanbul, which was then occupied by British, Italian and American Allied forces of World War I.
He also knew a little German from singing Lieder and said that he could read basic English but had difficulty speaking it.
He had several live-in mistresses, one of whom, Mara, was a nursemaid to the children of David Busk, a British ambassador.
However, she was loyal to him and passed important information to him twice, once about the upcoming arrival of British security men at the embassy and the second time when she said that she had heard rumors that the Germans had a good source of intelligence.
Turkey was neutral during much of World War II, although in October 1939 Britain signed a treaty to protect Turkey should Germany attack it.
Germany had significant business interests in Turkey, including banks, and beginning in 1941 it was reliant on chromite ore from Turkey for its armament production.
Throughout the war Turkey's economy was reliant on and prospered by virtue of its affiliation with both the Allies and the Axis powers.
As a result, the country's gold reserve had risen to 216 tons by the end of 1945, from 27 tons at the beginning of the war.
Starting in 1942 the Allies provided military aid, and then began imposing economic sanctions in 1943 to force Turkey to enter the war.
The Allied powers wanted Turkey to become engaged in a fight against Germany's eastern flank; however, Turkey was afraid of being overrun by the Russian and German armies, both of which were led by dictators.
The Allied and Axis powers became increasingly involved in espionage in Turkey to protect their own strategic interests beginning in 1943.
In February 1945 it declared war on Germany and Japan, a symbolic move that allowed Turkey to join the emerging United Nations.
In 1942, he worked as a valet for Albert Jenke, a German businessman and later embassy staff member, who came to fire Bazna for reading his mail.
Before he worked for Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen in 1943, Bazna was hired to do some household and vehicle repairs for Douglas Busk, the First Secretary of the British Embassy.
Although he supplied some written biographical information, excluding having been employed and fired by Jenke, none of the biographical information was checked.
Over the few months that he worked for Busk, Bazna secretly photographed a few documents and, with the help of Mrs. Busk's nursemaid Mara, he tried to gain access to more valuable forms of intelligence.
Busk agreed to recommend Bazna for the open position of valet to Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, the British ambassador to Turkey, who hired him in 1943 assuming that a background check had been performed.
He dressed him in an imposing blue uniform, gave him a peaked cap, and used him as a guard to the door of his study; Bazna excluded visitors when Sir Hughe was thinking or napping.
For ceremonial occasions, Sir Hughe dressed him in richly embroidered brocade, shoes with turned up toes, a fez with a tassel, gave him an immense scimitar, and placed him on the main door.
While at Riga, Knatchbull-Hugessen had developed a habit of taking secret papers to his home from the British embassy, and continued that practice in Ankara.
Bazna gained access to documents in the ambassador's document box and safe using his locksmithing skills, including making impressions and then copies of the key for the document box.
Bazna approached the German Embassy in Ankara on 1943, indicating that he wanted two rolls of film of the ambassador's documents.
Although Bazna was fired by Jenke, his wife contacted German intelligence officer Ludwig Carl Moyzisch, serving as the SD officer attached to the German embassy in Ankara, and told him of the photographs that Bazna had taken of classified information at the British Embassy.
British historian Richard Wires wrote that Bazna was motivated entirely by greed, as he had dreams of becoming rich by selling secrets to the Germans.
Wires described Bazna as a typical petty criminal from the Balkans, a man of low intelligence with no values except greed who was apolitical and opportunistic, taking advantages of whatever chances he found to try to get rich but who was easily duped by the Germans.
During the first three months of 1944 Cicero supplied the Germans with copies of documents taken from his employer's dispatch box or safe.
From that information the codebreakers knew that there was an intelligence breach, but did not know that the source was the British Embassy in Turkey.
Guy Liddell, who worked for MI5, recorded that there was a breach in security at the embassy on 1943, which was later reported by ISOS, Intelligence Service Oliver Strachey.
From the discussion Liddell learned that the leak of the diplomatic bag occurred during or after the air attaché brought it back from Cairo, which put not-yet-deployed re-ciphering tables at risk and required the abandonment of the tables.
Menzies stated that there was an investigation underway at the embassy, but nothing more was said about the leak for a few months.
As Cicero, Bazna passed on important information about many of the Allied leaders' conferences, including the Moscow, Tehran and Cairo Conferences.
Cicero conveyed limited information about Operation Overlord (the code name for the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944), which was not correlated by the Germans until after the war when films about Cicero were released.
When the Cicero documents predicted Allied bombing missions in the Balkans, which took place on the predicted date, the authenticity of the information was supported and his reputation enhanced.
Hitler entered a conference with some Cicero materials in December 1943 and declared that the invasion in the west would come in spring 1944.
According to Moyzisch, the German Foreign Office did not make much use of the documents, because officers there were divided about their reliability for several reasons.
Cicero seemed to have used sophisticated photography techniques to create unusually clear images, which raised the question of whether he acted alone.
Aware of the Allied forces' attempts to bring Turkey into the war, however, von Papen was able to thwart their efforts for a time by threatening to destroy İzmir and Istanbul if Turkey declared war against Germany.
Being able to postpone Turkey's alliance with the Allied forces and the use of their airfields, von Papen told Ribbentrop that the way was now clear to take the Balkans.
The head of the British Secret Intelligence Service, Stewart Menzies, stated that Cicero was indeed a double agent and that among the documents submitted to the Germans were documents of misinformation.
Gladwell also mentions that while Ribbentrop was wary of Bazna, which curtailed the dissemination of some of Bazna's intelligence, most German intelligence officials were not wary of him.
Mummer Kaylan states that through his personal knowledge of Bazna, he thought that Bazna supported Turkish interests and was not guided by British Intelligence.
Fritz Kolbe, assistant to German diplomat Karl Ritter, screened German cable messages for information to summarize and supply to Allen Dulles, who was the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) chief representative in Bern.
In late December 1943 Kolbe reported that there was a spy operating out of a British Embassy with the code name Cicero.
Since Bazna was about to carry out acts of espionage in December, Brown concludes that Bazna was likely a double agent.
They implemented a sting in January 1944 using a false Cabinet Office document that was drafted by the chair of the Joint Intelligence Committee, Victor Cavendish-Bentinck, and given the forged signature of Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden.
Around January 1944 Moyzisch hired a new secretary named Cornelia Kapp, also known as Nele Kapp, who had spied for the British and Americans in exchange for permission to emigrate to the US.
She had worked at the German embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria, beginning in July 1943 and within a month had become a spy.
When she could, she also followed the two men to try to see what the spy looked like, but was unsuccessful at getting a good view of him.
Kapp had gathered and shared a lot of information with the OSS over the months that she worked at the embassy, including all that she felt she could learn about Cicero.
Once the embassy had been tipped off that there was a spy operating in the facility in early 1944, Bazna found it increasingly difficult to gather intelligence.
A new alarm system in the British Embassy now required Bazna to remove a fuse whenever he wanted to look in the ambassador's safe.
He stopped selling information to the Germans by the end of February 1944 and left the embassy at the end of the month or about without any trouble.
In it they identified four important ways in which Cicero's intelligence could have harmed the Allied forces during World War II.
Allied forces wanted Turkey to declare war and join them in their efforts against Germany, particularly after they had taken the Dodecanese Islands and had secured Italy as a partner against Germany.
Turkish airfields were important to maintain their strategic advantage in the area, particularly to support Operation Accolade, the British assault on Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands.
Once the British were aware of the leak they were concerned that Cicero had leaked information that might help crack the British cipher, but that did not occur.
Lastly, the intelligence might have made the Germans believe that there was no danger of attack in the Balkans, which may have been the most potentially damaging information gleaned by Cicero for the Germans.
It was postulated that of the intelligence conveyed by Cicero to the Germans, the most notable information came from Knatchbull-Hugessen's notes, particularly regarding diplomatic efforts with the Turkish government.
Many of the other documents were considered by Ostuf Schuddekoft, head of the British section of Amt VI [one of the 11 departments of Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle], to be too old to be of much value to the Germans.
Moyzisch was aggressively interviewed by the Allies and was a witness at the Nuremberg trials, after which he wrote a book to address rumours and explain his role during the war.
Knatchbull-Hugessen's reputation was severely affected by the Cicero Affair, particularly as he had been previously warned about leaving his keys and document boxes unattended.
After the war he tried to build a hotel with a partner, but when his sterling notes were checked by the Bank of England, they were found to be mostly counterfeit (see Operation Bernhard).
Franz von Papen and Allen Dulles suggested that there was more to the story than was published in the book, but neither provided any details.
After the liberation of the area by Allied Forces in early June 1944, engineers of the Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town.
He was capped 76 times, scoring 23 goals for Norway, and represented his country in 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000, and scored Norway's first goal when Norway won 2–1 against Brazil and advanced to the second round of the 1998 World Cup.
During his professional career, he played for Sogndal, Tromsø and Brann in Tippeligaen, before he moved abroad and played for Chelsea.
After a successful spell with the English club, he was sold to Rangers for £12 million and became the most expensive Norwegian player.
In the first half of the 1997 season, however, he was not considered a great success by most of the Brann fans, perhaps because his mind was already in Chelsea, which he signed for under disputed circumstances.
He scored 15 goals in his debut season for Chelsea, including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane and two in a 6–2 win over Crystal Palace as Chelsea finished 4th in the FA Premier League and won the League Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup.
A year later, as Chelsea challenged for the title, Flo hit ten league goals, but constantly found his playing opportunities limited by manager Gianluca Vialli's squad rotation policy and the signing of Italian striker Pierluigi Casiraghi.
Flo scored 19 goals in the 1999–00 season, making him Chelsea's top scorer and helping the club win the FA Cup and reach the Champions League quarter-finals, where he scored twice in a 3–1 win over Barcelona at Stamford Bridge.
He scored another at the Camp Nou in the return game against Barca, though the team ultimately lost 5–1 (it was 3–1 at full-time, with Chelsea conceding two goals in extra time).
By the start of the 2000–01 season, Chelsea had signed strikers Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Eiður Guðjohnsen, despite scoring two goals and assisting one in a 3–3 away tie against Manchester United, he was again forced onto the substitutes' bench, and he requested a move away.
In November 2000, Flo was sold to Scottish Premier League team Rangers, in a record £12 million deal, making Flo the most expensive Norwegian player ever, Rangers' most expensive signing and the biggest transfer by any Scottish club.
Much was expected of Flo, and he started off well by scoring on his début in a 5–1 victory over Rangers' archrivals Celtic, and hit 18 goals in 30 SPL games.
His second season at Rangers was considered his best in Scotland, scoring 22 goals in 42 games, including the opening goal in the 2002 League Cup final win over Ayr United.
The individual prices were not made clear by Sunderland, although a figure of £8.2 million for Flo was widely quoted by the media.
Sunderland's manager Peter Reid had been under-fire throughout pre-season for his failure to buy a big-name striker as a long-term replacement for the ageing Niall Quinn.
The relatively high price-tag for a player who was struggling in Scotland, and the late hour of his signing led many fans, and pundits including legend Jimmy Montgomery to believe that Flo was a deadline-day panic buy.
It was clear by Sunderland's tactics that Reid expected Flo to slot into the role of veteran Niall Quinn (who retired from playing in November) as a tall target-man for long-balls.
It was not a role he was comfortable with, and he struggled to form a partnership with fellow striker Kevin Phillips.
When Reid was sacked in October and replaced by Howard Wilkinson, Flo immediately fell out of favour – failing to make the bench for Wilkinson's first game – as Wilkinson publicly called into question the Norwegian's fitness.
His successor, Mick McCarthy failed to give Flo 90 minutes of football in any of the remaining nine games of the season.
In 33 appearances for Sunderland Flo scored only 6 goals (4 of them in the Premiership) completing only 11 of the 23 league games he started.
Sunderland were relegated to Division One, and with massive debts were forced to sell or release most players on high wages.
Flo played one League Cup game in the 2003–04, but in the autumn of 2003 he was given a free transfer.
Flo played for Siena for two seasons, becoming a success in Italian football and helping the club establish themselves in the top division for the first time.
He showed surprising versatility when he was asked by manager Giuseppe Papadopulo to play in a more withdrawn role as a second striker, behind Enrico Chiesa and Nicola Ventola, rather than in his usual role as a main striker.
He excelled in this position and was ever-present for his club throughout the 2003–04 season, as he scored eight goals, helping Siena to avoid relegation: he scored his first goal for his new club against Empoli in the third round of the league on 20 September.
His second and last season with the club was less successful, as injuries and competition from other strikers saw him gain less playing time under manager Gigi Simoni; he only managed five goals from 17 starts throughout the 2004–05 season, and made 5 appearances as substitute, although he once again helped Siena avoid relegation.
He put on another brilliant performance in November against eventual finalists Roma in a 2–1 Coppa Italia away win where he scored both of his teams goals.
Another two goals came in a 1–3 away win against Chievo in January, he also scored the 2–1 goal in a 2–2 home tie against eventual Coppa Italia champions Inter Milan.
Vålerenga did not offer him a new contract at the end of the season, leaving Flo free to sign with other clubs.
On 3 January 2007, former teammate Dennis Wise brought Flo back to England, this time for Leeds United, with a contract lasting till the end of the 2006–07 Championship season.
Flo made his away début as a substitute for the Yorkshire outfit in Leeds' 3–1 defeat to West Bromwich Albion in the FA Cup.
A week later Flo scored his first goal for Leeds against the same opposition after three minutes with a towering header in a league match which ended in a 3–2 defeat.
Flo was believed to be set to leave Leeds due to a clause in his contract, but Leeds signed Flo with an initial one-year contract to help their 2007–08 League One campaign.
On 21 November 2008, Flo came out of retirement and signed a contract with Milton Keynes Dons that lasted until the end of the season.
Flo also had the misfortune of missing the ninth penalty in a tense shoot-out against Scunthorpe United which prevented the MK Dons from reaching the 2009 League one play-off final at Wembley.
In his first start at the last day of the season he scored both goals in a 2–1 victory against league champions Molde, then coached by Ole Gunnar Solskjær.
Flo played for Norway at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, scoring a goal in a 2–1 win over holders Brazil as they reached the second round.
His brother Jostein Flo and his cousin Håvard Flo have also played for a number of clubs abroad and been capped for Norway.
The academy run sessions in various schools, clubs in various sports complexes, holiday camps and a centre of excellence aimed children from 5 to 17.
The academy is mainly run within the Berkshire area but over the last few months has expanded outward to various counties, including Hampshire and Surrey.
Flo has taken a hands on coaching approach with his academy and takes many coaching sessions himself passing on his years of professional experience to the younger generation of footballers.
An informal value transfer system (IVTS) is any system, mechanism, or network of people that receives money for the purpose of making the funds or an equivalent value payable to a third party in another geographic location, whether or not in the same form.
Informal value transfers generally take place outside of the conventional banking system through non-bank financial institution or other business entities whose primary business activity may not be the transmission of money.
The IVTS transactions occasionally interconnect with formal banking systems, such as through the use of bank accounts held by the IVTS operator.
An informal value transfer system is an alternative and unofficial remittance and banking system, that pre-dates current day modern banking systems.
The sender gives money to an IVTS agent and his/her counterpart in the receiver region/country acts as deliverer of this money.
Another method of balancing the books is to under-invoice goods shipped abroad, so that the receiver can resell the products at a higher market price.
Expatriates and immigrants often use IVTS to send money back to their families and friends in their home countries (for workers who worked abroad) or foreign countries (for merchants who need extra money to start a business).
IVTS operations are also used by legitimate companies, traders, organisations, and government agencies needing to conduct business in countries with basic or no formal financial systems.
In some countries, IVTS-type networks operate in parallel with formal financial institutions or as a substitute or alternative for them or.
Because IVTS provides security, anonymity, and versatility to the user, the systems can be also used for supplying resources for doing illegal activities.
Following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, IVTS have come under increased scrutiny and regulation in many countries as a result of pressure from the United States.
A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.
It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and used as a tool to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply in a predetermined medium.
A pure culture may originate from a single cell or single organism, in which case the cells are genetic clones of one another.
There are several types of bacterial culture methods that are selected based on the agent being cultured and the downstream use.
One method of bacterial culture is liquid culture, in which the desired bacteria are suspended in a liquid nutrient medium, such as Luria Broth, in an upright flask.
Liquid cultures are ideal for preparation of an antimicrobial assay in which the experimenter inoculates liquid broth with bacteria and lets it grow overnight (they may use a shaker for uniform growth).
Then they would take aliquots of the sample to test for the antimicrobial activity of a specific drug or protein (antimicrobial peptides).
Once the growth medium in the petri dish is inoculated with the desired bacteria, the plates are incubated at the optimal temperature for the growing of the selected bacteria (for example, usually at 37 degrees Celsius, or the human body temperature, for cultures from humans or animals, or lower for environmental cultures).
After the desired level of growth is achieved, agar plates can be stored upside down in a refrigerator for an extended period of time to keep bacteria for future experiments.
There are a variety of additives that can be added to agar before it is poured into a plate and allowed to solidify.
When the selected antibiotic is added to the agar, only bacterial cells containing the gene insert conferring resistance will be able to grow.
Microbial culture collections focus on the acquisition, authentication, production, preservation, catalogueing and distribution of viable cultures of standard reference microorganisms, cell lines and other materials for research in microbial systematics.
growing at temperatures of 50 to 70 degrees C, low acyl clarified gellan gum has been proven to be the preferred gelling agent comparing to agar for the counting or isolation or both of the above thermophilic bacteria.
Pure cultures of multicellular organisms are often more easily isolated by simply picking out a single individual to initiate a culture.
The streak plate method is a way to physically separate the microbial population, and is done by spreading the inoculate back and forth with an inoculating loop over the solid agar plate.
Once a microorganism has been isolated in pure culture, it is necessary to preserve it in viable sate for further study and use.
Lin, Chi Chung and Casida, L. E. (1984) GELRITE as a Gelling Agent in Media for the Growth of Thermophilic Microorganisms.
At 02:08 (00:08 UTC) a bus transporting 38 passengers, most of them youths, to the Rukatunturi skiing center for an alpine skiing vacation crashed into a full-trailer truck carrying heavy paper rolls weighing about total.
The accident occurred on highway 4 (E75) north of Äänekoski, and left the bus driver and 22 passengers dead; 14 were injured.
Most of the victims were sleeping at the time and were immediately killed by the paper rolls ejected into the bus.
The accident occurred when the trailer of the southbound truck began a soft swerving movement on black ice, which intermittently covered the highway at its sloughs and troughs.
The trailer continued its slide across the icy pavement and into the oncoming lane until the hinge locked at a ninety-degree angle with the pulling truck.
Five paper rolls were ejected through the front wall of the trailer pushing the wall and paper rolls into the bus as it hit the trailer at a speed of .
Johann Philipp Gustav von Ewers or Evers (27 July 1779 – 20 November 1830) was a German legal historian and the founder of Russian legal history as a scholarly discipline.
This brought him to the Imperial Russian province of Livonia, where he was to remain for the rest of his life.
While teaching, he pursued his scholarly interests, especially regarding Russian political and legal history, which became one of his main fields of study – one indeed of which he is often regarded the founder.
On the basis of his publications, he was offered in 1810 the Chair of History, Statistics, and Geography of the Russian State at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu) in what is today Estonia.
In the same year, he had become Prorector of the University of Dorpat and in 1818, Rector, to which office he was re-elected every year until his death at Dorpat in 1830, aged 51.
Lubango is the capital city of the Angolan province of Huíla and a municipality, with a population of 776,249 (2014 census).
The city has a population of 600,751 (2014 census) making it the second largest city in Angola after the capital city Luanda.
In 1882 approximately one thousand of Portuguese settlers came from the island of Madeira to the area of current-day Lubango, Angola.
These Portuguese farmers confiscated the land of the indigenous population and developed the economy of the area to suit their economic interests, founding a whites only settlement, reducing those living on the land to servitude.
The city, originally established in 1885 to serve colonists from the Madeira Islands, lies at an elevation of 1,760 metres in a valley of the Huíla Plateau and was surrounded by a scenic park spreading up the mountain slopes.
The city developed as an agricultural and transportation centre, with its own airport and railway station, as well as major maintenance and repair facilities for them.
Several Basters (children of African and Cape Colony Dutch descent) emigrated from Namibia to Angola and settled in Lubango, where they are known as the Ouivamo.
After Angola's Independence from Portugal due to the events of the April 25, 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, the city was once again renamed Lubango.
Lubango's economy is based on agriculture, especially meat products, cereals, sisal, tobacco, fruits and vegetables produced in the surrounding fertile region.
A number of Angolan banks like BAI or BPC offer good financial services and it is possible to receive funds from outside Angola by way of Electronic fund transfer into these banks.
Lubango is the site of a major airport (Lubango Airport IATA code:SDD) and headquarters for a fighter bomber regiment of the Angolan Air Force.
The climate is hot and humid during the day and cool to cold at night, the annual average temperature is , though there are extremes of .
Summarised, there were two clear main objectives: the advancement of the profession, especially in the provinces and the dissemination of medical knowledge.
Green and Streeten also expressed interest in promoting public well-being as well as maintaining 'medical practitioners, as a class in that rank of society which, by their intellectual acquirements, by their general moral character, and by the importance of the duties entrusted to them, they are justly entitled to hold'.
The journal also carried the seminal papers on the causal effects of smoking on health and lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking.
In 1974, Dr. Elaine Murphy submitted a brief case report under her husband's name John which suggested a condition known as Cello Scrotum, a fictional condition which supposedly affected male cellists.
It was originally submitted as a joke in response to 'guitar nipple', a condition similar to jogger's nipple in which some forms of guitar playing causes irritation to the nipple, which Murphy and her husband believed was also a joke.
The case report was published in the BMJ and although not widely cited, it was cited on some occasions with those doing so expressing scepticism.
In 2009, 35 years after the original case report was published, Murphy wrote a letter to the BMJ revealing that the condition was a hoax.
In addition to the print content, supporting material for original research articles, additional news stories, and electronic letters to the editors are its principal attractions.
Comments are screened for libellous and obscene content, however potential contributors are warned that once published, they will not have the right to remove or edit their response.
Original research articles continue to be available freely, but from January 2006, all other 'added value' contents, including clinical reviews and editorials, require a subscription.
However, a number of print editions are produced, targeting different groups of readers with selections of content, some of it abridged, and different advertising.
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.
Between 1955 and 1981, the list was available annually, as the number of CME offerings increased from 1,000 (1955) to 8,500 (1981).
In 2016, CME transitioned into a digital offering from the JAMA Network called JN Learning CME & MOC from JAMA Network .
JN Learning provides CME and MOC credit from article and audio materials published within all 12 JAMA Network journals, including JAMA.
After the controversial 1999 firing of an editor-in-chief, George D. Lundberg, a process was put in place to ensure editorial freedom.
From 1964 to 2013, the JAMA journal used images of artwork on its cover and it published essays commenting on the artwork.
In 2013, a format redesign moved the art feature to an inside page, replacing an image of the artwork on the cover with a table of contents.
Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman (; ; 28 February 1922 – 28 October 1993) was a prominent literary scholar, semiotician, and cultural historian, who worked at the University of Tartu.
His archive (which is now kept at the University of Tallinn and at the Tartu University Library) which includes his correspondence with a number of Russian and Western intellectuals, is immense.
Yuri Lotman was born in the Jewish intellectual family of lawyer Mikhail Lotman and Sorbonne-educated dentist Aleksandra Lotman in Petrograd, Russia.
His elder sister Inna Obraztsova graduated from Leningrad Conservatory and became a composer and lecturer of musical theory, his younger sister Victoria Lotman was a prominent cardiologist, and his third sister Lidia Lotman was a scholar of Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century on staff at the Institute for Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Science (Pushkin House) (she lived in Saint-Petersburg).
Lotman graduated from the secondary school in 1939 with excellent marks and was admitted to Leningrad State University without having to pass any exams.
There he studied philology, which was a choice he made due to Lidia Lotman's university friends (actually he attended university lectures in philology whilst he was still at secondary school).
Demobilized from the army in 1946, he returned to his studies in the university and received his diploma with distinction in 1950.
Unable to find an academic position in Leningrad due to anti-Semitism (he was unable to apply for a PhD program), Lotman went to Estonia in 1950 and from 1954 began his work as a lecturer in the Department of Russian literature of Tartu University and later became head of the department.
In the early '60s Lotman established academic contacts with a group of structuralist linguists in Moscow, and invited them in the first Summer School on Secondary Modeling Systems, that took place in Kääriku from 19th to 29 August 1964.
Among participants of the summer school, and later members of the Tartu–Moscow school, were such names as Boris Uspensky, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, Mikhail Gasparov, Alexander Piatigorsky, Isaak I. Revzin and Georgii Lesskis.
Lotman studied the theory of culture, Russian literature, history, semiotics and semiology (general theories of signs and sign systems), semiotics of cinema, arts, literature, robotics, etc.
His major study in Russian literature was dedicated to Pushkin; among his most influential works in semiotics and structuralism are «Semiotics of Cinema», «Analysis of the Poetic Text» and «The Structure of the Artistic Text».
Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.
Lysozyme is a glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan, which is the major component of gram-positive bacterial cell wall.
C-type lysozymes are closely related to alpha-lactalbumin in sequence and structure, making them part of the same glycoside hydrolase family 22.
The Phillips Mechanism proposed that the enzyme's catalytic power came from both steric strain on the bound substrate and electrostatic stabilization of an oxo-carbenium intermediate.
Thus distortion causing the substrate molecule to adopt a strained conformation similar to that of the transition state will lower the energy barrier of the reaction.
The proposed oxo-carbonium intermediate was speculated to be electrostatically stabilized by aspartate and glutamate residues in the active site by Arieh Warshel in 1978.
The electrostatic stabilization argument was based on comparison to bulk water, the reorientation of water dipoles can cancel out the stabilizing energy of charge interaction.
In Warshel's model, the enzyme acts as a super-solvent, which fixes the orientation of ion pairs and provides super-solvation (very good stabilization of ion pairs), and especially lower the energy when to ions are close to each other.
By tracing the formation of product (p-nitrophenol), it was discovered that the RDS can change over different temperatures, which was a reason for those contradictory results.
At a higher temperature the RDS is formation of glycosyl enzyme intermediate and at a lower temperature the break down of that intermediate.
In an early debate in 1969, Dahlquist proposed a covalent mechanism for lysozyme based on kinetic isotope effect, but for a long time the ionic mechanism was more accepted.
The amino acid side-chains glutamic acid 35 (Glu35) and aspartate 52 (Asp52) have been found to be critical to the activity of this enzyme.
Glu35 acts as a proton donor to the glycosidic bond, cleaving the C-O bond in the substrate, whereas Asp52 acts as a nucleophile to generate a glycosyl enzyme intermediate.
The Glu35 reacts with water to form hydroxyl ion, a stronger nucleophile than water, which then attacks the glycosyl enzyme intermediate, to give the product of hydrolysis and leaving the enzyme unchanged.
More recently, quantum mechanics/ molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations have been using the crystal of HEWL and predict the existence of a covalent intermediate.
Evidence for the ESI-MS and X-ray structures indicate the existence of covalent intermediate, but primarily rely on using a less active mutant or non-native substrate.
The calculations revealed that the covalent intermediate from the Koshland mechanism is ~30 kcal/mol more stable than the ionic intermediate from the Phillips mechanism.
These calculation demonstrate that the ionic intermediate is extremely energetically unfavorable and the covalent intermediates observed from experiments using less active mutant or non-native substrates provide useful insight into the mechanism of wild-type HEWL.
Imidazole derivatives can form a charge-transfer complex with some residues (in or outside active center) to achieve a competitive inhibition of lysozyme.
Despite that the muramidase activity of lysozyme has been supposed to play the key role for its antibacterial properties, evidence of its non-enzymatic action was also reported.
For example, blocking the catalytic activity of lysozyme by mutation of critical amino acid in the active site (52-Asp -> 52-Ser) does not eliminate its antimicrobial activity.
The catalytic relevance was examined with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) field effect transistors (FETs), where a singular lysozyme was bound to the SWCN FET.
In its active state lysozyme is able to processively hydrolyze its substrate, breaking on average 100 bonds at a rate of 15 per second.
In order to bind a new substrate and move from the closed inactive state to the open active state requires two conformation step changes, while inactivation requires one step.
Whereas the skin is a protective barrier due to its dryness and acidity, the conjunctiva (membrane covering the eye) is, instead, protected by secreted enzymes, mainly lysozyme and defensin.
In certain cancers (especially myelomonocytic leukemia) excessive production of lysozyme by cancer cells can lead to toxic levels of lysozyme in the blood.
High lysozyme blood levels can lead to kidney failure and low blood potassium, conditions that may improve or resolve with treatment of the primary malignancy.
Serum lysozyme is much less specific for diagnosis of sarcoidosis than serum angiotensin converting enzyme; however, since it is more sensitive, it is used as a marker of sarcoidosis disease activity and is suitable for disease monitoring in proven cases.
The first chemical synthesis of a lysozyme protein was attempted by Prof. George W. Kenner and his group at the University of Liverpool in England.
This was finally achieved in 2007 by Steve Kent at the University of Chicago who made a synthetic functional lysozyme molecule.
Due to the unique function of lysozyme in which it can digest the cell wall and causes osmotic shock (burst the cell by suddenly changing solute concentration around the cell and thus the osmotic pressure), lysozyme is commonly used in lab setting to release proteins from bacterium periplasm while the inner membrane remains sealed as vesicles called the spheroplast.
The antibacterial property of hen egg white, due to the lysozyme it contains, was first observed by Laschtschenko in 1909, although it was not until 1922 that the name 'lysozyme' was coined, by Alexander Fleming, the second scientist to discover penicillin.
Fleming first observed the antibacterial action of lysozyme when he treated bacterial cultures with nasal mucus from a patient suffering from a head cold.
Lysozyme was first crystallised by Edward Abraham in 1937, enabling the three-dimensional structure of hen egg white lysozyme to be described by David Chilton Phillips in 1965, when he obtained the first 2-ångström (200 pm) resolution model via X-ray crystallography.
Lysozyme was the second protein structure and the first enzyme structure to be solved via X-ray diffraction methods, and the first enzyme to be fully sequenced that contains all twenty common amino acids.
As a result of Phillips' elucidation of the structure of lysozyme, it was also the first enzyme to have a detailed, specific mechanism suggested for its method of catalytic action.
This work led Phillips to provide an explanation for how enzymes speed up a chemical reaction in terms of its physical structures.
Ladislaus the Magnanimous (; ; 15 February 1377 – 6 August 1414) was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem and Sicily, titular Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1386–1414), and titular King of Hungary and Croatia (1390–1414).
He was named in honor of the King Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary, who was highly venerated by the Angevin Kings Charles I of Hungary and Louis I of Hungary, considered the model of the perfect King, Knight, and Christian man in Central Europe during that time.
Ladislaus of Naples became a skilled political and military leader, protector and controller of Pope Innocent VII; however, he earned a bad reputation concerning his personal life.
He profited from disorder throughout Italy to greatly expand his kingdom and his power, appropriating much of the Papal States to his own use.
He spent his early life with his family in the royal court of Naples, and in 1381 he was created Duke of Calabria and heir by Charles III.
At the time the kingdom saw a rebellion of the barons (fomented by Pope Urban VI), and there was a risk of a French invasion, since in 1385 the pope had assigned the throne to Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, then head of the junior Angevin line.
After turmoil broke out in the city, they fled to the fortress of Gaeta, while Naples was occupied by an Angevin army led by Otto of Brunswick, widower of Joanna I of Naples, who had named Louis' father as her heir.
In 1389 the new Pope Boniface IX recognized Ladislaus as King of Naples, although he forbade him to unite it with his family lands in Germany and Italy.
In Gaeta, he married Costanza Chiaramonte, the daughter of the powerful Sicilian Baron, Manfredi Chiaramonte; but within a few years the wedding was annulled.
In 1390, the archbishop of Arles poisoned Ladislaus, and though he survived, he subsequently stuttered and was forced to take repeated periods of rest.
In 1399, while Louis was fighting against the Count of Lecce, Ladislaus regained the city of Naples with the support of several powerful barons of the Kingdom, including Raimondo Del Balzo Orsini.
In the same period, Ladislaus tried to restore Angevin rule in Hungary, where some of the nobles opposed King Sigismund, and where, since 1390, he had a claim to the crown, and also the lordship of Croatia.
In these paintings, the Hungarian King is depicted receiving the royal crown, fighting against the pagans, and receiving the crown of Croatia.
Considering himself as a descendant of the Holy Kings of Hungary, Ladislaus tried many times to obtain the crown of Hungary.
He thus obtained free passage in the Adriatic Sea and, with the partial support of the Pope, landed at Zadar on 19 July 1403.
On 5 August 1403, while in the town of Zara, Ladislaus was crowned king of Hungary (and Croatia), by János Kanizsai, archbishop of Esztergom in the presence of the papal legate, Cardinal Angelo Acciajuoli.
His father, Charles III of Naples, grew up in Hungary governing Croatia as Viceroy, and eventually became king as Charles II of Hungary.
The following year, after the death of Boniface IX, he intervened in Rome in support of the Colonna family, two days after the election of the new pope, Innocent VII.
Ladislaus endeavored to consolidate the royal power at the expense of the barons, and brought about the murder of several members of the Sanseverino family for frustrating his ends.
When some nobles offered him the lordship of the city, the Pope responded by deposing him as King of Naples on 9 January 1406.
His wife, Mary of Enghien, continued the rebellion and successfully defended Taranto against a two-month long siege by Ladislaus in the spring of 1406.
She did not surrender even after Ladislaus and the Pope signed a treaty of peace in July, by which Ladislaus became the protector of the Papal States.
Since his first wife had died in 1404, Ladislaus solved the matter of Taranto by marrying Mary of Enghien on 23 April 1407.
In 1407, trying to taking advantage of the feebler personality of the new pope, Gregory XII, Ladislaus invaded the Papal States and conquered Ascoli Piceno and Fermo.
In 1408, he besieged Ostia to prevent a success of the French party in the schism between Gregory XII and Antipope Benedict XIII.
After a short siege, he captured the city by bribing the Papal commander, Paolo Orsini, and entered Rome on 25 April.
This was part of his attempts to gain allies in the upcoming war against the Republic of Florence, caused by his expansion in central Italy and his alliance with Paolo Guinigi, lord of Lucca, a traditional enemy of the Florentines.
However, he had not abandoned his aims in northern Italy, and took advantage of the presence of Pope Gregory XII in Gaeta.
The allies' troops, under Muzio Attendolo, Braccio da Montone and other condottieri, invaded the Papal lands under Ladislaus' control and moved to Rome; Orsini, left by Ladislaus to protect the city, defected to them with 2,000 men.
Cardinal Cossa and Louis left the siege to their condottieri, and moved to northern Italy and Provence in search of further support.
On 16 or 17 May May, Louis' fleet, carrying new troops from Provence, was intercepted and partly destroyed off the Tuscan coast, with the loss of 6,000 men and Louis' treasure (for a value of 600,000 ducats), which fell into the hands of Ladislaus.
The slow pace of the allied army led the Florentines and Sienese to accept peace with Ladislaus, which he bought by renouncing some of his Tuscan conquests.
He was unable to exploit this success, as he could not breach the defensive line that Ladislaus had set up at San Germano.
In 1412, the situation turned more favorable to Ladislaus: his condottiere Carlo I Malatesta occupied part of the March of Ancona, and, above all, Muzio Attendolo joined Ladislaus.
A peace was eventually signed on 14 June 1412, by which the Antipope paid 75,000 florins, invested Ladislaus with the Neapolitan crown and named him as Gonfalonier of the Church.
The peace, however, had been only a means to gain time for both John XXIII, who did not want to pay the 75,000 florins, and Ladislaus, who feared intervention in Italy by Sigismund of Hungary.
As it was clearly his next objective, Florence forestalled him by signing a treaty, which recognized Ladislaus' conquest of the Papal States (only Todi and Bologna had not fallen).
Having fallen ill in July 1414, Ladislaus was forced to return to Naples, where he died on 6 August 1414 (coincidentally, the second anniversary of his mother's death).
Rumours that he had been poisoned remain unproven: it is more likely that he fell ill due to an infection to his genitals.
In 1980, the Open University was officially recognized as an institute of higher learning in Israel, and was accredited to award undergraduate or bachelor's degrees (BA).
By 2002, the university had grown to 36,710 enrolled students and by 2003, more than 13,000 people had graduated the university with an academic degree.
The Open University is open to anyone who wishes to study towards a bachelor's degree, without any prerequisites or screening process.
When enrolling in the university, the student does not need to decide the primary focus of his or her degree, nor to determine in advance the pace of the degree (how many years the studies will take).
In fact, it is possible to take only a single course or several courses without receiving a degree, or to take several courses per semester, until finally enough courses relevant to a certain academic area have been taken to be eligible for a degree.
The university has no single central campus, or rigid schedules, making it especially well-suited to those who are preoccupied with a job, army service, or their family.
Each of the university's courses has a specially-prepared book with the course material and exercises, from which the students study on their own.
To supplement the self-study, there are occasional group meetings, where the students can ask the teacher questions about the material, and talk to other students who take the same course.
The Open University also has master's degree programs for some of the areas it teaches, but they are not open to everyone and do have acceptance criteria.
The Open University, together with the other Israeli universities, has reached agreements that enable students to begin their undergraduate studies within the flexible framework of the Open University and after taking a cluster of courses, decide whether they would like to complete their degree at the Open University, or transfer to another institution.
From the 21st Century, the actual census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants are held every five years, unlike other cities that have a sample survey each year.
In 1961 Marvin T. Broyhill Sr. saw this as an investment opportunity and decided to buy the that now make up Sterling Park for the price of $2,115,783.86.
Sterling Park was one of the first planned communities built in eastern Loudoun County and was a popular place for government workers to settle with their families outside the city.
As the economy flourished in the Washington D.C. area, Loudoun County was determined to be one of the richest counties in the country in 2006.
These improvements were in response to the German battlecruisers of the , which were in turn larger and more powerful than the first British battlecruisers of the .
The sister ships spent the rest of the war on uneventful patrols in the North Sea; they provided distant cover during Second Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1917.
In 1920 they were put into reserve and were then sold for scrap a few years later in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.
The acceleration of the German naval building programme in 1907–1908 forced H. H. Asquith's Liberal Government to yield to public pressure and authorise more ships for the 1909–1910 Construction Programme.
Only a single battleship and a battlecruiser had been authorised in 1908–1909, but three battleships and a battlecruiser were authorised in 1909–1910 with another three battleships and a battlecruiser planned as contingency ships to placate the public and the Admiralty.
This pressure also allowed the Admiralty to gain approval to improve the size and power of its new ships so as to maintain qualitative superiority over the new German dreadnoughts then under construction.
The Director of Naval Construction, Sir Philip Watts, suggested that a fifth turret, superfiring over the rear turret, could be added if the ship was lengthened by three frames, in total, and that this would add very little cost other than the £175,000 for the additional turret, but add 25% more firepower to the ship.
The outer propeller shafts were coupled to the high-pressure turbines and these exhausted into low-pressure turbines which drove the inner shafts.
They carried of coal and an additional of fuel oil that was sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate.
The guns had an elevation range from −3° to +20°; their gunsights were limited to +15° until super-elevating prisms were installed before the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 to allow full elevation.
Data from a Argo rangefinder located on top of the conning tower was input into a Mk I Dreyer Fire-Control Table located in the transmitting station (TS) below the conning tower where it was converted into range and deflection data for use by the guns.
The target's data was also graphically recorded on a plotting table to assist the gunnery officer in predicting the movement of the target.
Fire-control technology advanced quickly during the years immediately preceding World War I and the development of the director firing system was a major advance.
This consisted of a fire-control director mounted high in the ship which electrically provided gun data to the turrets via a pointer on a dial, which the turret crewmen only had to follow.
The director layer fired the guns simultaneously which aided in spotting the shell splashes and minimised the effects of the roll on the dispersion of the shells.
They were also given an upper armour belt with a maximum thickness of 6 inches over the same length as the thickest part of the waterline armour and thinned to abreast the end turrets.
The upper armoured deck was situated at the top of the upper armour belt and was also only 1 inch thick.
The barbettes were protected by 9 inches of armour above the deck, thinning to above the upper armour deck and below it.
Their funnel uptakes were protected by nickel-steel splinter armour thick on the sides and 1 inch on the ends between the upper and forecastle decks.
After the Battle of Jutland revealed their vulnerability to plunging shellfire, 1 inch of additional armour, weighing approximately , was added to the magazine crowns and turret roofs.
This meant that hot clinkers and flue gases from the boilers made the spotting top on the foremast completely unworkable when the ships were steaming at high speed, that the upper bridge could easily be rendered uninhabitable, depending on the wind, and that the signal flags and halyards were at risk of burning.
The fore funnel was moved aft, the original fore and mainmasts exchanged position, and the foremast was now just a pole mast, not a tripod.
The spotting tower at the rear of the conning tower was removed, the conning tower enlarged, the nine-foot Argo rangefinder was moved from the foremast spotting top to the roof of the conning tower, and all the funnels were raised to the same height.
As part of these modifications, the two 4-inch guns mounted above the forward group of casemates were enclosed in casemates of their own to protect the gun crews from weather and enemy action.
QF 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt AA guns on high-angle Mk II mounts were also used that had an elevation range between -10° and +90°.
The sisters, along with the rest of the 1st BCS, made a port visit to Brest in February 1914 and the squadron visited Russia in June.
Beatty's ships had originally been intended as distant support of the British cruisers and destroyers closer to the German coast in case the large ships of the High Seas Fleet sortied in response to the British attacks.
They turned south at full speed at 11:35 when the British light forces failed to disengage on schedule and the rising tide meant that German capital ships would be able to clear the sand bar at the mouth of the Jade Estuary.
The brand-new light cruiser had been crippled earlier in the battle and was under fire from the German light cruisers and when the battlecruisers loomed out of the mist at 12:37.
Beatty was distracted from the task of finishing her off by the sudden appearance of the elderly light cruiser directly to his front.
The German Navy had decided on a strategy of bombarding British towns on the North Sea coast in an attempt to draw out the Royal Navy and destroy elements of it in detail.
An earlier Raid on Yarmouth on 3 November 1914 had been partially successful, but a larger-scale operation was devised by Admiral Franz von Hipper afterwards.
The fast battlecruisers would conduct the bombardment while the entire High Seas Fleet was to station itself east of Dogger Bank to provide cover for their return and to destroy any elements of the Royal Navy that responded to the raid.
The Germans did not know that the British were reading the German naval codes and were planning to catch the raiding force on its return journey; they were not aware that the High Seas Fleet would be at sea as well.
Hipper set sail on 15 December for another raid and successfully bombarded several English towns, but British destroyers escorting the 1st BCS had already encountered German destroyers of the High Seas Fleet in the early morning and fought an inconclusive action with them.
Communications failures meant that Beatty was not notified of this encounter for several hours afterwards, but he turned in pursuit of the German ships once he learned of their presence.
The lead British ships were closing in on the Germans when Beatty learned that Scarborough was being shelled later that morning and he turned west to intercept the other German force.
The British forces split going around the shallow Southwest Patch of the Dogger Bank; Beatty's ships passed to the north while the 2nd Battle Squadron passed to the south as they headed west to block the main route through the minefields defending the English coast.
They spotted a German cruiser a few minutes later and Beatty turned his battlecruisers towards the German ships, thinking they were the advance screen for Hipper's ships.
Another British communications failure allowed the German light cruisers to escape and they alerted Hipper to the location of the British battlecruisers.
On 23 January 1915, a force of German battlecruisers under the command of Hipper sortied to clear the Dogger Bank of any British fishing boats or small craft that might be there to collect intelligence on German movements.
Beatty tried to correct the mistake, but he was so far behind the leading battlecruisers that his signals could not be read amidst the smoke and haze.
Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the British ships to their west by mid-afternoon and turned about to fall back on the German battleships, then about behind him.
Beatty turned to cut him off, but was out of position to do that and had to settle for a pursuit.
It blew the front roof and the centre face plates off the turret, killed or wounded everyone inside, and started a fire that continued to smoulder despite efforts to put it out.
Accounts of subsequent events differ, but the magazine doors had been closed and the magazine flooded when the smouldering fire ignited the propellant charges in the turret working room at 4:28.
They burnt violently, with the flames reaching as high as the masthead, and killed most of the magazine and shell room crews still in the lower part of the mounting.
The gas pressure severely buckled the magazine doors, and it is probable that the magazine would have exploded, sinking the ship, if it had not already been flooded.
At 16:30 the light cruiser , scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet charging north at top speed.
Beatty gradually turned more towards the east to allow him to cover the deployment of the Grand Fleet into its battle formation and to move ahead of it, but he mistimed his manoeuvre.
By 18:35 Beatty was following the 3rd Battlecruiser Squadron as they were steering east-southeast, leading the Grand Fleet, and continuing to engage Hipper's battlecruisers to their southwest.
Scheer finally disengaged around 19:15 and the British lost sight of the Germans until 20:05 when the light cruiser spotted smoke bearing west-northwest.
The Germans were able to fire only a few rounds in reply because of the poor visibility and turned away to the west.
After this Beatty changed course to south-southeast and maintained that course, ahead of both the Grand Fleet and the High Seas Fleet, until 02:55 the next morning when the order was given to reverse course.
The remains of 'Q' turret were removed during this period and not replaced until a visit to Armstrong Whitworth at Elswick that lasted from 6 to 23 September.
She sailed later that day for Devonport Royal Dockyard where more permanent repairs were made and was back at Rosyth by 21 July.
On the evening of 18August the Grand Fleet put to sea in response to a message deciphered by Room 40 which indicated that the High Seas Fleet, less the II Squadron, would be leaving harbour that night.
Throughout the 19th, Jellicoe and Scheer received conflicting intelligence, with the result that having reached its rendezvous in the North Sea, the Grand Fleet steered north in the erroneous belief that it had entered a minefield before turning south again.
Scheer steered south-eastward pursuing a lone British battle squadron reported by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force under Commodore Tyrwhitt.
The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact.
Both the British and the German fleets returned home, the British having lost two cruisers to submarine attacks and the Germans having a dreadnought battleship damaged by a torpedo.
She provided support for British light forces involved in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight on 17 November 1917, but never came within range of any German forces.
One of the main strongholds of the Labeates, the earliest of the fortification walls of the city seems to date to the late 4th century BC and to be of native Illyrian construction.
The present municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Balldren, Blinisht, Dajç, Kallmet, Kolsh, Lezhë, Shëngjin, Shënkoll, Ungrej and Zejmen, that became municipal units.
It was in Lissos that Perseus of Macedon negotiated an alliance against Rome with the Illyrian king Gentius, and it was from Lissos that Gentius organized his army against the Romans.
Lissos maintained a large degree of municipal autonomy under both Macedonian and Illyrian rule, as evidenced by the coins minted there.
The city was of some importance in the Roman Civil War, being taken by Marc Antony and then remaining loyal to Caesar.
From 2004 an excavation started around the ancient Acropolis of Lissos and the Skanderbeg Memorial, which revealed Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine buildings, tombs and other findings.
It still belonged to them when Skanderbeg died, but In 1478 it fell into the hands of Turks during the siege of Shkodra, with the exception of a short period (1501–1506) when it returned to Venetian domination.
Because it was under the Venetian control, it was chosen in 1444 by George Castrioti (Skanderbeg) as a neutral place for the convention of Albanian, Serbian, Dalmatian and other lords of the area aiming at organizing their common defence against the Turks.
According to other historians, Lezhë is considered as the site of the League of Lezhë where Skanderbeg united the Albanian princes in the fight against the Ottoman Empire.
Its proximity to the port of Shëngjin as well as its location on the national road between the Montenegrin border to the North and Tirana to the South makes it an attractive location for industry and business.
Whilst the Malësor clans from Malësia, such as Kelmendi, Shkreli, Kastrati etc., had settled Lezhë and surrounding areas around 100–300 years ago.
A public health journal is a scientific journal devoted to the field of public health, including epidemiology, biostatistics, and health care (including medicine, nursing and related fields).
Many others are published by a handful of large publishing corporations that includes Elsevier, Wolters Kluwer, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer Science+Business Media, and Informa, each of which has many imprints (which are brands named after former independent publishers that were merged or acquired).
The increase in public health research in recent decades has seen a rapid increase in the number of articles and journals.
For an article to be accepted for publication in a public health or medical journal it must typically undergo a review process.
In this process, articles which meet the minimum requirements for submission (such as including the necessary descriptions of funding, privacy and publication releases, ethics/institutional review board approval, statements of original work, signatures of authors, and so on,) are first looked over by a managing editor or a member of an editorial board.
They may be referred back to the authors for revision and resubmission, rejected, or presented to the editorial board for final approval.
After first review by a managing editor or member of an editorial board, an article which has good possibilities will be sent out for review by two or more researchers in the specific area.
If these reviews are positive the article may be referred back to the authors to address any comments by the reviewers, or (rarely) may be accepted immediately by the editorial board.
One common review process is the same as the peer review above, except all references to the authors are removed from the article before review by the researchers.
There is a general move from print as primary medium to electronic publication, an example being the online journals published by BioMed Central.
With the advent of online publication, some health journals are transforming from traditional subscription-based and pay-per-view access to open access for some or all of their content.
Like other scientific journals, many public health journals are ranked with an impact factor, linked to the probability of an article published in that journal being cited.
The population of the municipality at the 2011 census was 120,655, and of the town proper (the municipality before the 2015 local government reforms) 55,845.
The city was founded in 588 BCE by Ancient Greek colonists from Corfu and Corinth, on a site initially occupied by Illyrian tribes.
The presence of asphalt and burning escapes of natural gas in the vicinity was recorded as early as the 1st century AD.
Below it are springs flowing with hot water and asphalt... the asphalt is dug out of a neighboring hill: the parts excavated are replaced by fresh earth, which in time is converted to asphalt.
In the 14th and 15th century the location was used by the Venetian traders as a marketplace to purchase agricultural products from the Myzeqe lowlands.
The settlement took city status in 1864 when Kahreman Pasha Vrioni, the local governor, asked from some French architects to project a future city as an artisan and trade center.
The first inhabitants of the city were the servants of Kahreman Pasha Vrioni and members of Vlach families that had lived in the area since the early 19th century period.
Twelve kilometres away from Fier is situated Apollonia, one of the two most important ancient Illyrian colonial settlements in present-day Albania.
It was founded in 600 BC on a hill near the sea, and near what was then the course of Vjosë river by settlers from Corfu and Corinth.
At the time before the changes in land formation and the Adriatic coastline caused by an earthquake in the 3rd century AD, the harbour af Apollonia could accommodate as many as 100 ships.
The site is thought to be on the southern boundary of a native Illyrian settlement, being mentioned in Periplus, a sailor's account of the Adriatic written in the middle of the 4th century BC by a Greek writer.
The colony was said to have been named Gylaceia after its Corinthian founder, Gylax, and later changed its name to that of city of the God Apollo.
In the years 214 BC onwards, the city was involved in the war between the Illyrian Taulantii and Cassander, the king of Macedonia, and in 229 BC came under Roman control.
For 200 years, it was of central importance in the Roman effort to colonize the east and may have been an original terminus of the Egnatian Way.
In 45 and 44 BC, Octavian, later to become the Emperor Augustus, studied for 6 months in Apolonia, which had established a high reputation as a center of Greek learning, especially the art of rhetoric.
Under the Empire, Apolonia remained a prosperous center, but began to decline as the Vjosë silted up and the coastline changed after the earthquake.
The first attempts to conduct excavations in Apolonia were made during the first World War, by Austrian archaeologists who unearthed and explored mainly the walls that encircled the city.
Systematic excavations began in 1824 by a French archaeological mission directed by Leon Rey, who brought to light a complex of monuments at the center of the city.
The structure had the form of a semicircle and served as an assembly place of the council of the city - the Bule.
The front part of the structure was decorated in a special manner: there are 6 pillars crowned with capitals of the Corinthian style.
An inscription dating from the middle of the 2nd century AD tells that the building was constructed by high-ranking officers of the city, a monument with the purpose of commemorating the death of his soldier brother.
On the day of the inauguration of the monument, a show was staged in the city with the participation of 25 couples of gladiators.
On the western side, from the top of the monumental structure, the tourists can see the ruins of the small temple of Artemis (Diana).
A couple of meters away was cavated a rich Apolonian dwelling house of the 3rd century AD: The mosaics are of all types.
There are mosaics where the main decorative motives are simple geometric figures, others have ornamental mythological figures like : hypocamposes (seahorses), accompanied by Nereids and Erotes.
One of the mosaics represents a scene where Archiles holds the wounded Penthesilea, the beautiful queen of Amazones, in his arms.
The Fontana represents in itself a complex structure; it had a wall which collected all the waters that sprang from the earth, and four other aqueducts.
started to be built in 1282 by Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos of Byzantium after the victory on the Angevins in Berat.
Construction has also been taking place in the city and today Fier is home to one of the largest malls in the country.
The municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Cakran, Dërmenas, Fier, Frakull, Levan, Libofshë, Mbrostar Ura, Portëz, Qendër and Topojë, that became municipal units.
There are two gymnasiums, one vocational school and one art school in the city of Fier, among 56 public schools in the municipality of Fier.
The basketball club of Fier is BC Apolonia and plays in the Albanian Basketball League and their home ground is Fier Sports Palace.
Fier is an important industrial city and is built by the Gjanica tributary of the Seman River, and is surrounded by marshland.
Main roads from the central square lead south to Vlora () and east to the oil and industrial town of Patos ().
The city also plays an important economic role in the development of the county since it produces many goods such as sugar, bread and animal products.
There are also buses at the bus terminal in Fier, Albania that can take you throughout places in Albania and Balkan region.
There used to be trains during the communism era and till this day there has been no movement of the trains.
In the early twentieth century Fier was populated by Orthodox Christians, most who spoke the Aromanian language and a small minority who spoke the Albanian language.
The population is mixed Orthodox and Muslim (typical of southern Albanian cities)- data shows that in 1918, just after independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Fier and the surrounding countryside of the Myzeqe region formed a majority Orthodox Christian enclave, in which Muslims constituted roughly 35% of the population.
On 1 January 1972, Ouézy and Cesny-aux-Vignes were amalgamated to become the commune of Cesny-aux-Vignes-Ouézy, but on 1 January 2006, Ouézy and Cesny-aux-Vignes were re-established as two separate communes.
The region of Dibër was subsumed under the Orthodox archepiscopate of Ohrid in 1019, and one year later received the status of an episcopate with its center in the Bulke ward of Peshkopi, located in what is now the neighborhood of Dobrovë.
The Dibër region, including Peshkopi, took part in the uprisings against Ottoman authority that were occurring throughout Albania in the early 1910s.
In the aftermath of the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, a Serbian army invaded Dibër and entered Peshkopi in early December 1912.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire, an ally of Bulgaria, brought an army to Peshkopi on April 12, 1916 and engaged in punitive house-burnings and executions throughout the region in an attempt to quell local resistance.
The predominant form of tourism in the region is mountain tourism, due to the hilly terrain and large amount of forest.
In the district of Dibra lie two of the thirteen national parks in Albania, Lurë National Park, and Korab-Koritnik Nature Park which offer mountain tourism in the winter and summer, including climbing, walking, skiing, trekking, picnics, hunting, kayaking, etc.
The museum, located beside the general secondary school, houses a collection of local costumes, carpets, kitchen equipment and filigree jewelry, as well as a number of models of local architecture.
Thermal mineral water springs and sulphur baths () in the vicinity of Peshkopi are a draw for seasonal tourism, primarily from within Albania, but also to a lesser extent from neighboring countries.
The baths are located a short distance east of the city, upstream along the creek which runs through the middle of Peshkopi.
The city's main team is KF Korabi Peshkopi and its home stadium is Korabi Stadium with a capacity of 6,000 spectators.
Wilhelm Lexis (17 July 1837, Eschweiler, Germany – 24 August 1914, Göttingen, Germany), full name Wilhelm Hector Richard Albrecht Lexis, was a German statistician, economist, and social scientist.
It was there that Lexis became acquainted with the work of Adolphe Quetelet, whose quantitative approach to the social sciences was to guide much of Lexis' work.
Lexis moved on from Freiburg to the University of Breslau but stayed there only a few years (from 1884 to 1887).
Throughout his professional career, Lexis published books and articles on a wide variety of topics, including demography, economics and mathematical statistics.
Using modern terminology, such a time series would be called a zero-order moving-average series (also known as a white noise process).
To this end, Lexis created a test statistic equal to the ratio between (i) the probable error of the observed rates and (ii) the probable error that would be expected if the underlying probabilities for each of the observed rates were all equal to the average rate observed across all of the observations.
Although it can take various forms, the typical Lexis diagram is a graphical illustration of the lifetime of either an individual or a cohort of same-aged individuals.
On the diagram, each such lifetime appears as a straight line in a two-dimensional plane, with one dimension representing time and the other representing age.
The use of Lexis diagrams is very common amongst demographers, so much so that they often are used without being identified as Lexis diagrams.
However, the notion of using a time vs. age diagram appears to have been developed more or less simultaneously by other authors.
He also proposed that the normal deaths were subject to random forces such that, if all infant and other premature deaths were eliminated, the ages at which people died would exhibit a normal (i.e., Gaussian) distribution.
Furthermore, the average of those ages would be equal to the age at which most adults are actually observed to die (i.e., the modal age at death), even though the actual observations are taking place in the presence of infant and other premature deaths.
In the adjacent diagram, the normal deaths are represented by the vertically-shaded bell-shaped area centered slightly above age 70; the infant deaths are represented by the unshaded area starting at age 0; the premature deaths are represented by the horizontally-shaded area bridging the infant and normal deaths.
Although Lexis' theory did generate some contemporaneous discussion, it never supplanted the traditional demographic measures of life expectancy and age-adjusted mortality rates.
However, recent research suggests that the modal age at death might be a useful statistic for tracking changes in the lifespans of the elderly.
The initiative is funding centres in China, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Tunisia, Tanzania, South Africa, Central America, and the US Mexico border.
Previously he was chief executive of UnitedHealth Europe, a subsidiary of the UnitedHealth Group that works with public health systems in Europe.
He sits on the board of directors of the Public Library of Science, an open access publisher of scientific and medical research.
He is an honorary professor at the University of Warwick and a member of the governing council of St George's, University of London.
Having qualified in medicine in the University of Edinburgh, he worked in hospitals in Scotland and New Zealand before joining the BMJ.
He also worked for six years as a television doctor with the BBC and TV-AM and has a degree in management science from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Smith’s New Year’s Eve blog on thebmj.com about cancer offering the best death garnered global media coverage and triggered a social media storm from thousands of bereaved relatives and the parents of children with cancer.
Lješanska nahija included the area to the Riječka nahija, and was the most impoverished and smallest part of the Principality of Montenegro, consisting of several brotherhoods, which due to some differences among them (especially religious) could not in its entirety establish itself as other tribes.
The region was bordered by Lješkopolje, an Ottoman frontier which was not part of Montenegro prior to the Congress of Berlin (1878).
Sander Martin Levin (born September 6, 1931) is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 2019, representing (numbered as the from 1983 to 1993 and as the from 1993 to 2013).
Levin, a member of the Democratic Party from Michigan, is a former ranking member on the House Ways and Means Committee; he was Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee from 2010 to 2011.
In December 2017, Levin announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.
His son Andy was elected on November 6, 2018, and took office in the 116th Congress, which commenced on January 3, 2019.
He graduated from Central High School in Detroit, received a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in 1952, a Master's degree in international relations from Columbia University in 1954, and a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1957.
After developing a private law practice, Levin served in the Michigan Senate from 1965 to 1970, and was Senate Minority Leader 1969–1970.
Levin won the Democratic primary in Michigan's 17th congressional district with 49% of the vote, which at that time included northwestern Detroit as well as parts of Macomb and Oakland counties.
In 2000, Detroit Metro area businessman Bart Baron gained the endorsement of the United Auto Workers Union, but Levin still managed to win re-election with 64% of the vote.
The 2000s redistricting added heavily Democratic Southfield and Mount Clemens to the district, and he has won re-election in every election with at least 61% of the vote since then.
While he lost Southfield to the 14th, it picked up the rest of Royal Oak, as well as Oak Park, Clawson and Berkeley, among other locations.
It was no less Democratic than its predecessor, and Levin breezed to a 16th term with 61.4 percent of the vote.
Levin took over as chairman of the Ways and Means committee on March 4, 2010, when Charles B. Rangel of New York stepped aside in due to a number of ethics violations.
Levin served as chairman until January 2011 and currently serves as a committee member, stepping down as ranking member at the end of 2016.
He supported the nuclear deal with Iran, and said that Israel, the region, and the world would be more secure under the Iran nuclear deal.
In a private ceremony in July 2012, Levin married Pamela Cole, age 61, a Pennsylvania State University psychology professor who studies emotional development.
His son Andy Levin was an unsuccessful candidate for the Michigan Senate in 2006, but in 2018 was elected to succeed him in the United States House of Representatives.
Of the rest of the land, 35.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (7.2%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).
Of the foreign population, (), 112 are from Germany, 188 are from Italy, 417 are from ex-Yugoslavia, 93 are from Austria, 42 are from Turkey, and 181 are from another country.
Most of the population () speaks German (91.3%), with Albanian being second most common ( 2.0%) and Italian being third ( 1.8%).
Of the Swiss national languages (), 5,475 speak German, 23 people speak French, 110 people speak Italian, and 9 people speak Romansh.
The age distribution, , in Thal is; 803 children or 13.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 798 teenagers or 13.3% are between 10 and 19.
986 people or 16.4% are between 30 and 39, 906 people or 15.1% are between 40 and 49, and 734 people or 12.2% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 524 people or 8.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 315 people or 5.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 210 people or 3.5% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 37 people or 0.6% who are between 90 and 99, and 1 person who is 100 or more.
Out of the total population in Thal, , the highest education level completed by 1,150 people (19.2% of the population) was Primary, while 2,324 (38.8%) have completed their secondary education, 663 (11.1%) have attended a Tertiary school, and 220 (3.7%) are not in school.
Of the rest of the population, there is 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 106 individuals (or about 1.77% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 190 individuals (or about 3.17% of the population) who belong to another Christian church.
There are 4 individuals (or about 0.07% of the population) who are Jewish, and 296 (or about 4.94% of the population) who are Islamic.
There are 21 individuals (or about 0.35% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 455 (or about 7.59% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 163 individuals (or about 2.72% of the population) did not answer the question.
Horton studied at Bristol Grammar School from 1969 to 1980 and at the University of Birmingham from 1980 to 1986, receiving his BSc (in physiology) in 1983, and qualifying in medicine in 1986.
He also chaired the Royal College of Physicians' Working Party on Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry; co-chaired a World Health Organization (WHO) Scientific Advisory Group on Clinical Trials Registration; chaired the Board of the Health Metrics Network; sat on the External Reference Group for WHO's Research Strategy; and is an External Advisory Board Member for the WHO European Region.
Horton was the first President of the World Association of Medical Editors, and is a Past-President of the US Council of Science Editors (2005–06).
He is an honorary professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the University College London, and the University of Oslo.
In 2008, Horton was appointed to a research and analytical management panel as a Senior Associate of The Nuffield Trust, a major independent health policy institution.
In 2016, he was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to an expert group advising the High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, which was co-chaired by presidents François Hollande of France and Jacob Zuma of South Africa.
In 2017, he served on the World Health Organization/Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights High-Level Working Group on the Health and Human Rights of Women, Children and Adolescents, chaired by Tarja Halonen and Hina Jilani.
A few days after the word-wide mobilisation promoted by the activist movement Extinction Rebellion, Horton asserts in a video that health professionals should involve themselves directly.
In 2007, Horton received the Edinburgh Medal for scientific and professional contributions to the understanding and well-being of humanity and in 2009 a recognition of contributions to public health from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Horton was elected one of the founding fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP).
The publication of the paper set off a sharp decline in vaccinations in Europe and America and in subsequent years globally.
In the United Kingdom, the Health Protection Agency attributed a large measles outbreak in 2008 and 2009 to a concurrent drop in the number of children receiving the MMR vaccine.
Pockets of measles — which can be fatal —have also cropped up in Canada and the United States as a result of parents’ refusal to vaccinate.
However, there are groups criticising Horton for contributing to the ongoing dramatic drop of vaccination of children in Europe and America that causes several epidemics and deaths by delaying the retraction of the paper for 12 years.
A few years earlier the society and the journal had taken different positions in a scientific reporting debate known as the Pusztai affair involving research on genetically modified potatoes.
Horton published an article in 2005 supporting Professor Sir Roy Meadow who had been charged with serious professional misconduct by the GMC for giving erroneous and seriously misleading evidence in the Sally Clark trial.
This was especially controversial as the article appeared whilst the GMC proceedings were still under away and was published on the first day of Meadow's defence.
With the support of erroneous statistical (and other) evidence from Meadow the prosecution wrongly convicted her of murder and she spent over three years in prison before her successful second appeal.
The Clark family issued a statement addressing and countering with established fact each of the points making up Horton's biased support of Meadow.
Thal () is a village in the Austrian state of Styria, about west from the edge of Graz, Austria's second largest city.
Thal is a scattered settlement of houses, consisting of about 19 grouped hamlets: Eben, Eck, Hardt, Haslau, Kirchberg, Kötschberg, Linak, Oberbichl, Oberthal, Plabutsch, Schlüsselhof, Steinberg, Unterbichl, Unterthal, Waldsdorf, Waldsdorfberg, Wendlleiten, Windhof, and Winkel.
It was extended in 1992, with the foundation stone laid on May 23, 1992 and the church was consecrated on 15 May 1994 by Johann Weber.
The extension to the existing church was by the architect Manfred Fuchs Bichler, and the Austrian painter, graphic artist and architect Ernst Fuchs.
By the 12th century, the lords of Waldsdorf had established their seat on the site of the present stately home in the shape of a fortified manor house with a large dairy farm.
In 1563 major conversion and renovation work was carried out on the castle under the then-owner and designer, Erasmus of Windisch-Graetz, which saw it expanded into a Renaissance style stately home with a courtyard surrounded on three sides by three-storey high, columnar arcades.
There is still an underground passage, dating to that period, that runs as far as Graz, but it is impassable after the first several hundred metres.
From 1605 to 1622 the house was owned by Bernard Walter of Walthersweil and, from 1622 to 1624, by the Schranz of Schranzenegg family, who sold it to Siegmund Friedrich, Count Trautmannsdorff.
During the rule of Sigmund Frederick the Younger of Trautmannsdorff, Oberthal House was converted and expanded between 1656 and 1661 into one of the most splendid in the area around the state capital.
In 1798 Thal House and its estate was sold to Leopold Edler of Warnhauser and remained in the possession of his family until 1841.
In 1905 Oberthal was sold to a Slovenian consortium, who had to give up the property after a short time for financial reasons.
The house subsequently changed hands several times in the ensuing period and steadily fell into a state of dilapidation until it ended up in the hands of Dr. Friedrich Schuster, who had the building repaired again, getting rid of the 1846 modifications and reinstating its original Baroque appearance.
From 1945 to 1955 the British garrison headquarters was located here, and from 1955 to 1957 part of the house was rented to the British ambassador.
On 1 November 1958 the house was restored to John Theodor Essberger, who died in 1959, whereupon his daughter, Lieselotte von Rantzau inherited it.
Frau Liselotte von Rantzau died in 1993, since when it has been owned by her sons, Dr. Eberhart and Heinrich von Rantzau.
Thal Castle was first mentioned in the records in 1259, having been built on a hillock between the present parish church and the lake of Thalersee, probably at the beginning of the 13th century.
In 1772 the statue of the church patron was ceremoniously transferred to the present parish church and the old church demolished.
Opera in German is that of the German-speaking countries, which include Germany, Austria, and the historic German states that pre-date those countries.
Yet during much of the 17th and 18th centuries German-language opera would struggle to emerge from the shadow of its Italian-language rival, with leading German-born composers such as Handel and Gluck opting to work in foreign traditions such as opera seria.
Some Baroque composers, such as Reinhard Keiser, did try to challenge Italian dominance, and the theatre principal Abel Seyler became an eager promoter of German opera in the 1770s, but it was only with the appearance of Mozart that a lasting tradition of serious German-language opera was established.
Opera flourished in German-speaking lands in the early 20th century in the hands of figures such as Hindemith, Busoni and Weill until Adolf Hitler's seizure of power forced many composers into silence or exile.
After World War II young opera writers were inspired by the example of Schoenberg and Berg who had pioneered modernist techniques such as atonality and serialism in the earlier decades of the century.
As the names of Mozart, Weber, Wagner, Richard Strauss and Berg indicate, Germany and Austria have one of the strongest operatic traditions in European culture.
This is also evidenced by the large number of opera houses, particularly in Germany where almost every major city has its own theatre for staging such works, as well as internationally renowned operatic events such as the Salzburg Music Festival.
Three decades later Heinrich Schütz set the same libretto in a translation by the poet Martin Opitz, thus creating the first ever German-language opera.
As in Italy, the first patrons of opera in Germany and Austria were royalty and the nobility, and they tended to favour composers and singers from south of the Alps.
Another important development was the founding of the Theater am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg in 1678, aimed at the local middle classes who preferred opera in their own language.
The theatre, however, would come to be dominated by the works of Reinhard Keiser, an enormously prolific composer who wrote over a hundred operas, sixty of them for Hamburg.
Initially, the works performed in Hamburg had all been on religious themes in an attempt to ward off criticisms by Pietist church authorities that the theatre was immoral, but Keiser and fellow composers such as Johann Mattheson broadened the range of subject matter to include the historical and the mythological.
The most famous German-born opera composer of the era, Handel, wrote four operas for Hamburg at the beginning of his career but soon moved on to write opera seria in Italy and England.
In 1738, the Theater am Gänsemarkt went bankrupt and the fortunes of serious opera in German went into decline for the next few decades.
In 1730 the chief proponent of opera seria, the Italian librettist Metastasio, took up residence as the imperial poet in Vienna.
In the 1770s the theatre company of Abel Seyler pioneered serious German-language opera, and Seyler commissioned operas by Hiller, Georg Anton Benda, Anton Schweitzer and other composers.
At the end of the 18th century a composer who would permanently change the German operatic tradition would emerge: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
As music moved into the Classical era in the late 18th century, most German-born composers still avoided writing opera in their own language.
The great figure of the early Classical period was Christoph Willibald von Gluck but his pioneering reforms were directed at Italian and French opera, not the German repertoire.
In 1778, Emperor Joseph II attempted to change this state of affairs by establishing a German-language opera troupe, the National Singspiel, at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
In the early years of the nineteenth century, the vast cultural movement known as Romanticism began to exert an influence over German composers.
There was also often a quest for a distinctively German identity, influenced by the new nationalism which had arisen in the wake of the Napoleonic invasions.
Weber resented the Europe-wide dominance of the Italian operas of Rossini and wanted to establish a uniquely German style of opera.
The highlight of the opera is the chilling Wolf's Glen Scene in which the hero Max makes his deal with the Devil.
Weber never really achieved his full potential as an opera composer due to his early death from tuberculosis and his poor choice of libretti.
He fused elements from all three national styles into his conception of grand opera, which had an important influence on the development of German music, including Wagner's early works.
Mention should be made of two great composers of the era who wrote their major works in other genres yet also composed operas: Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann.
The verdict on both these composer's operas has generally been that, though they contain excellent music, they have too many dramatic weaknesses to be acclaimed as great stage works.
Richard Wagner was one of the most revolutionary and controversial composers in musical history and his innovations changed the course of opera, not just in Germany and Austria but throughout Europe.
He greatly increased the role and power of the orchestra, creating scores with a complex web of leitmotifs; and he was prepared to violate accepted musical conventions, such as tonality, in his quest for greater expressivity.
Wagner also brought a new philosophical dimension to opera in his works, which were usually based on stories from Germanic or Arthurian legend.
Finally, Wagner built his own opera house at Bayreuth, exclusively dedicated to performing his own works in the style he wanted.
Operatic modernism truly began in the operas of two composers of the so-called Second Viennese School, Arnold Schoenberg and his acolyte Alban Berg, both advocates of atonality and its later development (as worked out by Schoenberg), dodecaphony.
The Italian-born Ferruccio Busoni ploughed an individual furrow, attempting to fuse Bach and the avant-garde, Mediterranean and Germanic culture in his music.
It received its premiere in Zürich in 1938, since all performances of Hindemith's music had been banned in Germany the previous year.
In 1940, Hindemith left Switzerland for the United States, joining a transatlantic exodus of composers which included Schoenberg, Weill, Korngold and Zemlinsky.
Schreker had died in 1934, having been dismissed from his teaching post by the Nazis; other composers, such as the promising Viktor Ullmann, would perish in the death camps.
Some opera composers, including Carl Orff, Werner Egk and the ageing Richard Strauss, remained in Germany to accommodate with the new regime as best they could.
Composers writing after World War II had to find a way of coming to terms with the destruction caused by the Third Reich.
The modernism of Schoenberg and Berg proved attractive to young composers, since their works had been banned by the Nazis and were free of any taint of the former regime.
Perhaps the most versatile and internationally famous post-war German opera composer is Hans Werner Henze, who has produced a series of works which mix Bergian influences with those of Italian composers such as Verdi.
A graduate of Columbia University, Collins holds major league career records in several categories and is among the top few players in several other categories.
In 1925, Collins became just the sixth person to join the 3,000 hit club – and the last for the next 17 seasons.
Born in Millerton, a 384-acre village in Dutchess County, New York, Collins was unique in his time in that he was focused on both his athletic skills and his education and intelligence.
He graduated from Columbia University (where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity) at a time when few major league players had attended college.
He started his American professional baseball career on September 17, 1906, when he signed with the Philadelphia Athletics at the age of 19.
He played some of his initial minor league games under the last name of Sullivan so that he could protect his collegiate status.
After spending all but 14 games of the 1907 season in the minor leagues, he played in 102 games in 1908 and by 1909 was a full-time player.
He would also be named the A's starting second baseman in 1909, a position he would play for the rest of his career, after seeing time at second, third, short, and the outfield the previous two seasons.
In 1910, Collins stole a career-high 81 bases, the first American League player to steal 80+ bases in a season, and played on the first of his six World Series championship teams.
He is one of only five players to steal six bases in a game, and the only person to do so twice, with both occurrences happening within eleven days, on September 11 and September 22, 1912 respectively.
In 1914, the newly formed Federal League disrupted major league contract stability by luring away established stars from the AL and NL with inflated salaries.
To retain Collins, Athletics manager Connie Mack offered his second baseman the longest guaranteed contract (five years) that had ever been offered to a player.
Collins declined, and after the 1914 season Mack sold Collins to the White Sox for $50,000, the highest price ever paid for a player up to that point and the first of only three times that a reigning MVP was sold or traded (the others being Alex Rodriguez in 2003 and Giancarlo Stanton in 2017, both to the New York Yankees).
The Sox paid Collins $15,000 for 1915, making him the third highest paid player in the league, behind Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker.
In Chicago, Collins continued to post top-ten batting and stolen base numbers, and he helped the Sox capture pennants in 1917 and 1919.
However Collins was not accused of being part of the conspiracy and was considered to have played honestly, his low .226 batting average notwithstanding.
In August , he was named player-manager of the White Sox and held the position through the season, posting a record of 174-160 (.521).
He did not play in any World Series games for the 1929 or 1930 World Series champion A's and his last appearance as a player was on August 2, 1930.
Upon his retirement, he ranked second in major league history in career games (2,826), walks (1,499) and stolen bases (744), third in runs scored (1,821), fourth in hits (3,315) and at bats (9,949), sixth in on-base percentage (.424), and eighth in total bases (4,268); he was also fourth in AL history in triples (187).
He was the first major leaguer in modern history to steal 80 bases in a season, and still shares the major league record of six steals in a game, which he accomplished twice in September 1912.
He also holds major league records for career games (2,650), assists (7,630) and total chances (14,591) at second base, and ranks second in putouts (6,526).
Following the A's 1930 World Series victory, Collins retired as a player and immediately stepped into a full-time position as coach for the A's.
He took over a team that had bottomed out from a long decline dating from their sale of Babe Ruth; the 1932 Red Sox had just finished with the worst record in franchise history, 43-111.
After two years rebuilding the awful team he'd inherited, Collins managed winning seasons in seven of his final 12 years as general manager.
On the debit side, he instituted an unofficial policy of not signing black players — an unofficial league-wide policy that stayed in place until Jackie Robinson's signing by Brooklyn Dodgers GM Branch Rickey, and Robinson's debut with the Triple-A Montreal Royals in 1946 — and ultimately the Red Sox were the last major league team to sign black players.
In May 2018, shortly after the City of Boston reverted the name of Yawkey Way to its original name of Jersey Street at the Red Sox' request, plaques honoring Yawkey and Collins were removed from outside of Fenway Park; Collins' plaque had been in place since 1951.
He was admitted to a hospital in Boston on March 10, 1951, and he died there of the heart condition on March 25.
He played on a total of six World Series-winning teams (1910, 1911, 1913, 1917, 1929, and 1930), though he did not participate in any of the final two series' games.
Under the win shares statistical rating system created by baseball historian and analyst Bill James, Collins was the greatest second baseman of all time.
He briefly saw major league action (in 1939 and 1941–42, all with the A's) and later worked in the Philadelphia Phillies' front office.
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required.
The COP usually exceeds 1, especially in heat pumps, because, instead of just converting work to heat (which, if 100% efficient, would be a COP of 1), it pumps additional heat from a heat source to where the heat is required.
COP is highly dependent on operating conditions, especially absolute temperature and relative temperature between sink and system, and is often graphed or averaged against expected conditions.
Performance of Absorption refrigerator chillers is typically much lower, as they are not heat pumps relying on compression, but instead rely on chemical reactions driven by heat.
When one is interested in how well a machine cools, the COP is the ratio of the heat removed from the cold reservoir to input work.
which is equal to the reciprocal of the ideal efficiency for a heat engine, because a heat pump is a heat engine operating in reverse.
The heat rejected to the hot sink is greater than the heat absorbed from the cold source, so the heating COP is 1 greater than the cooling COP.
In Europe, the standard tests for ground source heat pump units use 35 °C (95 °F) for formula_20 and 0 °C (32 °F) for formula_21.
When measuring installed units over a whole season and accounting for the energy needed to pump water through the piping systems, seasonal COP's are around 3.5 or less.
As the formula shows, the COP of a heat pump system can be improved by reducing the temperature gap formula_24 minus formula_25 at which the system works.
For a heating system this would mean two things: 1) reducing the output temperature to around which requires piped floor, wall or ceiling heating, or oversized water to air heaters and 2) increasing the input temperature (e.g.
Accurately determining thermal conductivity will allow for much more precise ground loop or borehole sizing, resulting in higher return temperatures and a more efficient system.
For an air cooler, COP could be improved by using ground water as an input instead of air, and by reducing temperature drop on output side through increasing air flow.
For both systems, also increasing the size of pipes and air canals would help to reduce noise and the energy consumption of pumps (and ventilators) by decreasing the speed of fluid which in turn lower the Re number and hence the turbulence (and noise) and the head loss (see hydraulic head).
The heat pump itself can be improved by increasing the size of the internal heat exchangers which in turn increase the efficiency (and the cost) relative to the power of the compressor, and also by reducing the system's internal temperature gap over the compressor.
Obviously, this latter measure makes such heat pumps unsuitable to produce high temperatures which means that a separate machine is needed for producing hot tap water.
They require higher pressure and higher temperature steam, but this is still a relatively small 10 pounds of steam per hour per ton of cooling.
A geothermal heat pump operating at a formula_18 of 3.5 provides 3.5 units of heat for each unit of energy consumed (i.e.
The output heat comes from both the heat source and 1 kWh of input energy, so the heat-source is cooled by 2.5 kWh, not 3.5 kWh.
A heat pump with formula_18 of 3.5, such as in the example above, could be less expensive to use than even the most efficient gas furnace except in areas where the electricity cost per unit is higher than 3.5 times the cost of natural gas (e.g.
A heat pump cooler operating at a formula_19 of 2.0 removes 2 units of heat for each unit of energy consumed (e.g.
Given the same energy source and operating conditions, a higher COP heat pump will consume less purchased energy than one with a lower COP.
The overall environmental impact of a heating or air conditioning installation depends on the source of energy used as well as the COP of the equipment.
The operating cost to the consumer depends on the cost of energy as well as the COP or efficiency of the unit.
A high COP of a heat pump may not entirely overcome a relatively high cost for electricity compared with the same heating value from natural gas.
For example, the 2009 US average price per therm () of electricity was $3.38 while the average price per therm of natural gas was $1.16.
Using these prices, a heat pump with a COP of 3.5 in moderate climate would cost $0.97 to provide one therm of heat, while a high efficiency gas furnace with 95% efficiency would cost $1.22 to provide one therm of heat.
The COP of a heat pump or refrigerator operating at the Carnot efficiency has in its denominator the expression T - T. As the surroundings cool (T reducing) the denominator increases and COP reduces.
The above example assumes that the heat pump is an air-source heat pump moving heat from outside to inside, or a water-source heat pump that is simply moving heat from one zone to the other.
For a water-source heat pump, this would only occur if the instantaneous heating load on the condenser water system exactly matches the instantaneous cooling load on the condenser water system.
If more heat is being withdrawn by the heat pumps that are in heating mode than is being added by the heat pumps that are in cooling mode, then the boiler (or other heat source) will add heat to the condenser water system.
For a water-source system, there is also energy associated with the condenser water pumps that is not factored in to the heat pump energy consumption in the example above.
A realistic indication of energy efficiency over an entire year can be achieved by using Seasonal COP or Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) for heat.
Oettingen was born at Wissust, near Dorpat, the member of a Livonian Baltic German noble family that produced many scholars, including his brothers Georg von Oettingen, professor of medicine at the University of Dorpat (), and Arthur von Oettingen, professor of physique in Dorpat and Leipzig.
From 1854 to 1891, Oettingen was professor of dogmatics at the University of Dorpat and, theologically, a typical representative of this ultra-orthodox and conservative Lutheran department.
A molecular study of several genes in seven species has provided additional support for an expansion of this genus during the Cretaceous period.
Classification into species is based on morphological characteristics – wing spots, head anatomy, larval and pupal anatomy, chromosome structure, and more recently, on DNA sequences.
The genus has been subdivided into seven subgenera based primarily on the number and positions of specialized setae on the gonocoxites of the male genitalia.
Species within a species complex are either morphologically identical or extremely similar and can only be reliably separated by microscopic examination of the chromosomes or DNA sequencing.
The adult females can live up to a month (or more in captivity), but most probably do not live more than two weeks in nature.
Eggs are not resistant to drying and hatch within 2–3 days, although hatching may take up to 2–3 weeks in colder climates.
In contrast, the feeding larva of a nonanopheline mosquito species attaches itself to the water surface with its posterior siphon, with its body pointing downwards.
As with the larvae, pupae must come to the surface frequently to breathe, which they do through a pair of respiratory trumpets on their cephalothoraces.
Mosquitoes can develop from egg to adult in as little as five days, but it can take 10–14 days in tropical conditions.
The blood is digested over time, serving as a source of protein for the production of eggs, which gradually fill the abdomen.
Adults can also be identified by their typical resting position: males and females rest with their abdomens sticking up in the air rather than parallel to the surface on which they are resting.
Males cannot feed on blood, as it appears to produce toxic effects and kills them within a few days, around the same lifespan as a water-only diet.
After obtaining a full blood meal, the female will rest for a few days while the blood is digested and eggs are developed.
While females can live longer than a month in captivity, most do not live longer than one to two weeks in nature.
In a study by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine researchers found that female mosquitoes carrying malaria parasites are significantly more attracted to human breath and odours than uninfected mosquitoes.
Female mosquitoes are particularly drawn to foot odours, and one of the tests showed infected mosquitoes landing and biting a prospective host repeatedly.
Indeed, malaria outbreaks have, in the past, occurred in colder climates, for example during the construction of the Rideau Canal in Canada during the 1820s.
These refractory strains have an immune response that encapsulates and kills the parasites after they have invaded the mosquito's stomach wall.
Factors that should be taken into consideration when designing a control program include the susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides and the preferred feeding and resting location of adult mosquitoes.
This could potentially be used to control malaria by spreading genetically modified mosquitoes refractory to the parasites, although numerous scientific and ethical issues must be overcome before such a control strategy could be implemented.
The time required for development in the mosquito (the extrinsic incubation period) ranges from 10–21 days, depending on the parasite species and the temperature.
If a mosquito does not survive longer than the extrinsic incubation period, then she will not be able to transmit any malaria parasites.
indoor residual spraying) may actually impact malaria transmission more through their effect on adult longevity than through their effect on the population of adult mosquitoes.
After feeding, some blood mosquitoes prefer to rest indoors (endophilic), while others prefer to rest outdoors (exophilic), though this can differ regionally based on local vector ecotype, and vector chromosomal makeup, as well as housing type and local microclimatic conditions.
Because transmission of disease by the mosquito requires ingestion of blood, the gut flora may have a bearing on the success of infection of the mosquito host.
However, after prolonged exposure to an insecticide over several generations, mosquito populations, like those of other insects, may evolve resistance, a capacity to survive contact with an insecticide.
The evolution of resistance to insecticides used for indoor residual spraying was a major impediment during the Global Malaria Eradication Campaign.
Detection of evolving resistance in mosquito populations is possible, so control programs are well advised to conduct surveillance for this potential problem.
With substantial numbers of malaria cases affecting people around the globe, in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions of children are killed by this infectious disease, eradication is back on the global health agenda.
Although malaria has existed since ancient times, its eradication was possible in Europe, North America, the Caribbean and parts of Asia and southern Central America during the first regional elimination campaigns in the late 1940s.
Though the World Health Organization adopted a formal policy on the control and eradication of the malaria parasite since 1955, only recently, after the Gates Malaria Forum in October 2007, did key organizations start the debate on the pros and cons of redefining eradication as a goal to control malaria.
For effective prevention of malaria, some conditions should be met, such as conducive conditions in the country, data collection about the disease, targeted technical approaches to the problem, very active and committed leadership, total governmental support, sufficient monetary resources, community involvement, and skilled technicians from different fields, as well as an adequate implementation.
This system aims to eradicate the species through introducing a gene that would cause female sterility, thus causing the gene to be unable to replicate.
By utilizing the conservation tendencies of selfish genes, Kyrou et al demonstrated full suppression of the population within 7-11 generations, which is about less than a year.
Of course, this has raised concerns with both the efficiency of a gene drive system as well as the ethical and ecological impact of such an eradication program.
Such systems may generate less ecological impact, as the species are not removed from the ecosystem, though concerns regarding efficiency still linger.
A wide range of strategies is needed to achieve malaria eradication, starting from simple steps to complicated strategies which may not be possible to enforce with the current tools.
Some socioeconomic improvements (e.g., houses with screened windows, air conditioning), once combined with vector reduction efforts and effective treatment, lead to the elimination of malaria without the complete elimination of the vectors.
Some important measures in mosquito control to be followed are: discourage egg-laying, prevent development of eggs into larvae and adults, kill the adult mosquitoes, do not allow adult mosquitoes into places of human dwelling, prevent mosquitoes from biting human beings and deny them blood meals.
This research suggests using the sterile insect technique, in which sexually sterile male insects are released to wipe out a pest population, could be a solution to the problem of malaria in Africa.
This technique brings hope, as female mosquitoes only mate once during their lifetimes, and in doing so with sterile male mosquitoes, the insect population would decrease.
This is another option to be considered by local and international authorities that may be combined with other methods and tools to achieve malaria eradication in sub-Saharan Africa.
Microsporidia infecting the aquatic stages of insects, a group that includes mosquitoes and black flies, and copepods appear to form a distinct clade from those infecting terrestrial insects and fish.
In the second, while again the oral route is the usual route of infection, the parasite is ingested within an already infected intermediate host.
The Ratak Chain forms a continuous chain of seamounts with the Gilbert Islands to the south, which are part of Kiribati.
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1979 federal election as a New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP) from Saskatchewan.
Simon De Jong was born in Surabaya, Indonesia, spending the first three years of his life, with his mother Dirkje and older brother Hielke in a concentration camp.
Despite being an immigrant and non-English speaker and stutterer, De Jong trained himself in public speaking, at which he became a provincial champion.
In 1964, he became head of the student union at the University of Regina, where he wrote a constitution that empowered students and sparked campus unrest.
However, through a series of sessions with LSD researcher, Dr. Duncan Blewett, De Jong became fascinated with the possibilities for societal change represented by the burgeoning youth counter-culture of the late 1960s.
In 1969 he left Regina for Vancouver, where he went to work for The Greater Vancouver Youth Communications Center Society, better known as Cool Aid.
At Cool Aid, De Jong, Ray Chouinard and other street workers organized alternative health, work, housing and cultural programs that influenced the future of the city.
One of De Jong's colleagues in those days was Mike Harcourt, who would later become the Premier of the Province of British Columbia.
As a parliamentarian, he exposed the spraying of the toxic defoliant Agent Orange by the U.S. military in the Canadian Province of New Brunswick.
He spoke for disarmament at the United Nations; and he introduced a motion to send condolences to Yoko Ono when John Lennon was killed, which the artist gratefully acknowledged when De Jong died in 2011.
De Jong had agreed to be suited with a microphone in order to assist with a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) documentary on the convention, but forgot he was wearing it and inadvertently allowed back-room negotiations with fellow candidate Dave Barrett to be recorded.
The documentarians re-enforced their characterization by mistranslating a second conversation thus gathered, a discussion in Dutch between De Jong and his mother, one of his advisors.
However the scandal had lasting repercussions for De Jong within the party and contributed to his decision to retire some years later.
De Jong remained an MP until 1997 when he decided not to run for re-election in that year's federal election, stepping aside in favour of Lorne Nystrom, who had been unseated four years earlier.
After retiring from parliament, De Jong spent time in the United States, Asia and Brazil, where he became involved with the Daime church and its powerful psychedelic sacrament, ayahuasca.
De Jong became increasingly philosophical, joining the mystical insights of the Daime religion to concerns about climate change and the necessity for humankind to raise its consciousness.
When he died of leukemia on August 18, 2011, he was mourned by people of all political stripes and beliefs, including former BC Premier Harcourt and Bob Rae, leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.
It features the eponymous Alan Partridge, a tactless and inept radio DJ and television presenter, after he has been left by his wife and dropped from the BBC after the events of his chat show.
The show follows Partridge as he lives alone in a roadside hotel and presents a graveyard slot on local Norwich radio, all the while desperately pitching ideas for new television shows.
Series 1 was released in late 1997, while a second season followed in 2002, with Partridge now living in a static caravan after recovering from an off-screen mental breakdown.
Supporting Coogan in the cast are Felicity Montagu as his faithful but timid personal assistant, Lynn Benfield; Simon Greenall as Geordie handyman Michael; and Phil Cornwell as Partridge's rival DJ Dave Clifton.
The show received critical acclaim and was a success amongst audiences, being nominated for three BAFTAs (winning two), two British Comedy Awards (winning both), and a Royal Television Society award.
In series one he is divorced from his wife Carol, lives in the Linton Travel Tavern and is reduced to working the graveyard shift on Radio Norwich whilst desperately trying to get back on television in any capacity.
By series two, following an off-screen mental breakdown, Alan's career is on an upswing—in particular, his Radio Norwich show has been moved to a more prestigious evening slot.
He also has a girlfriend, several years his junior, called Sonja, who lives with him in a static caravan next to the dream house he is having built.
In both series Alan is shown to be generally loathsome and narcissistic, with very poor social skills and a largely empty personal life.
Alan's hard-working, long-suffering personal assistant, Lynn appears to run Alan's life to such an extent that he cannot survive without her organisational skills; despite this, he usually treats her with contempt.
Besides dealing with Alan's working life, Lynn's other duties have included accompanying Alan to visit a show home, buying medicinal powder for Alan's fungal foot infections, and frequently listening patiently to Alan's complaints.
Her mother is apparently housebound, requiring Lynn to balance her life between looking after her mother's affairs and those of Alan.
When accompanying Alan, Lynn appears inhibited by him, but seems capable of easily blending into social situations when Alan is not present.
At the celebration following her church baptism, she is shown to have many friends and is held in high regard by other church members.
Michael frequently tells stories of his time in the British Army, to the delight of Alan, especially if they are of a salacious or violent nature.
During a period of military placement in the Philippines, Michael married a Filipino woman, and the two moved back to Michael's native Newcastle upon Tyne.
In the last episode of the first series, Michael appears at Alan's party already drunk on Scrumpy Jack and proceeds to insult the other guests.
During the handover every morning, Alan always tries to engage in witty banter with Dave, but their chatting fails to disguise the bitter rivalry between them.
Dave also appears in the second series, in which his fortunes are shown to have declined just as Alan's have improved.
Susan displays an increasing dislike of Alan as the series progresses, but contains her irritation until the end of the last episode, in which she finally tells Alan what she thinks of him at his leaving party.
Alan's thick-accented Ukrainian girlfriend Sonja, who is fourteen years Alan's junior and possesses a scatterbrained personality, which leads Alan to describe her as 'mildly cretinous'.
Easily amused, she delights in practical jokes, and showers Alan with unwanted gifts such as personalised coffee mugs and cushions emblazoned with their faces.
She is devoted to Alan, though he demonstrates little affection for her in return, while bragging to others about their age difference and sexual habits.
In a poll of British comedians conducted by the TV channel Gold, it was named as the second-best British sitcom of all time.
Series 1 was first broadcast in November and December 1997, while Series 2 was first broadcast in November and December 2002.
Its most common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into groups known as voice types.
It is also a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech and language pathology, particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech.
This is because some of the notes a voice can produce may not be considered usable by the singer within performance for various reasons.
An opera singer would therefore only be able to include the notes that they are able to adequately project over an orchestra within their vocal range.
While the exact number and definition of vocal registers is a controversial topic within the field of singing, the sciences identify only four registers: the whistle register, the falsetto register, the modal register, and the vocal fry register.
Typically only the usable pitches within the modal register—the register used in normal speech and most singing—are included when determining singers' vocal ranges.
There are exceptions, as in opera, where countertenors employ falsetto and coloratura sopranos use the whistle register; notes from these registers would therefore be included in the vocal ranges of these voices.
Vocal range plays such an important role in classifying singing voices into voice types that sometimes the two terms are confused with one another.
A voice type is a particular kind of human singing voice perceived as having certain identifying qualities or characteristics; vocal range being only one of those characteristics.
Other factors are vocal weight, vocal tessitura, vocal timbre, vocal transition points, physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and vocal registration.
All of these factors combined are used to categorize a singer's voice into a particular kind of singing voice or voice type.
Most of the voice types identified by such systems, however, are sub-types that fall under seven different major voice categories that are for the most part acknowledged across all of the major voice classification systems.
Within each of these major categories there are several sub-categories that identify specific vocal qualities like coloratura facility and vocal weight to differentiate between voices.
While each voice type does have a general vocal range associated with it, human singing voices may possess vocal ranges that encompass more than one voice type or are in between the typical ranges of two voice types.
More important than range in voice classification is tessitura, or where the voice is most comfortable singing, and vocal timbre, or the characteristic sound of the singing voice.
For example, a female singer may have a vocal range that encompasses the high notes of a mezzo-soprano and the low notes of a soprano.
The teacher would also consider the sound of the voice; sopranos tend to have a lighter and less rich vocal sound than a mezzo-soprano.
A voice teacher, however, would never classify a singer in more than one voice type, regardless of the size of the vocal range of the singer.
Some men, in falsetto voice or as a result of certain rare physiological conditions, can sing in the same range as women.
Kirkland College, a college for women, was envisioned as the first of several institutions which would form a cluster similar to the Claremont Colleges.
The untimely passing of Hamilton President McEwen, also a member of the first Kirkland Board, led to the more independent development of the new institution.
The Kirkland faculty and students operated in a more diverse and transparent community than had been the norm at Hamilton, and, although the new college got off to an exciting start, the many differences in educational and community functioning inevitably led to small and large conflicts between the two institutions.
In 1977, with the planned resignation of President Babbitt, Hamilton refused such assistance, and the two colleges were merged under protest into a single, coeducational Hamilton in 1978.
In addition to personal records and recollection, Babbitt was able to employ archival materials housed in the Hamilton College and Columbia University libraries.
Despite its dissolution, Kirkland College, through faculty who remained to teach at Hamilton, and through the active influence of its graduates and former trustees, has had a profound influence on the surviving coeducational institution.
When Kirkland was officially incorporated into and absorbed by Hamilton College in 1978, many continuing students elected to join the new co-ed college, and some faculty accepted equivalent positions in Hamilton's departments.
Yet discontent with the way the merger was executed festered long after 1978, coloring alumnae relations, inter-faculty relations and, to some degree, campus social dynamics.
Despite such friction, many of the educational principles of Kirkland (such as student-designed majors and independent study) found their way into the Hamilton curriculum.
Efforts on the part of both Kirkland and Hamilton alumni to acknowledge common interests have begun to mend these breaches by responding to the curiosity and interests of current Hamilton students regarding Kirkland and its influence on their college.
The central motif of the Kirkland College seal was an apple tree, and green apples remain a symbol of Kirkland among its alumnae and supporters to this day.
During commencement exercises at Hamilton many students and faculty choose to wear a green apple pin on their academic robes to honor Kirkland's legacy.
The Kirkland Project is named in honor of Kirkland College, building on Kirkland's twin legacies of women's education and innovative pedagogy, expanding on them to meet the global challenges that face contemporary male and female students, faculty and staff.
Cabin Fever is a 2002 American horror comedy film co-written and directed by Eli Roth (in his directorial debut) and starring Rider Strong, Jordan Ladd, James DeBello, Cerina Vincent, Joey Kern, and Giuseppe Andrews.
The story follows a group of college graduates who rent a cabin in the woods and begin to fall victim to a flesh-eating virus.
The inspiration for the film's story came from a real-life experience during a trip to Iceland when Roth developed a skin infection.
A hermit walking in the woods encounters his dog, who has died of a bloody infection, and the hermit becomes infected.
The group gather around a campfire that night, where they are joined by a friendly drifter named Grimm and his pet dog, Dr. Mambo.
While seeking help the next day, Jeff and Bert encounter a butcher but leave after learning she is the dead hermit's cousin.
After calming her down, Paul attempts to have sex with her; as he reaches between her legs, he discovers an infection that has spread in her groin.
Regretting the affair, Paul leaves while Marcy takes a bath, crying; as she shaves her legs the flesh begins to peel off and she runs outside in a panic, where she is eaten alive by Dr. Mambo.
Paul requests a ride to the hospital, but before the group departs, Winston is ordered to kill on sight several infected people on a killing spree.
Lying in the back of Winston's squad car, Paul unsuccessfully warns him about the contaminated water supply; Winston dumps him at the edge of a creek.
At the convenience store, several children sell lemonade, which they have made with the water from the creek Paul was dumped in, to the same police officers.
Roth was inspired to write the script based on his own experience with a skin infection he transmitted while traveling abroad.
Eli Roth and the producers tried to cancel the Marcy auditions, but the general chaos caused by the attacks made it impossible for them to reach many of the actresses who were scheduled to try out for the role.
At the peak of this conflict between the two, Vincent told Roth that if he wanted the shot so badly, he would need to re-cast the role with another actress.
But they managed to reach a compromise, in which Vincent showed one inch of her buttocks on camera before Roth measured it for it to be precise.
The film premiered at the Midnight Madness section of the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) in September 2002 and was the festival's closing feature film.
The film ended its theatrical run with a gross of $21.2 million in the U.S. and Canada and $30.5 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film released by Lionsgate of that year.
The Blu-ray was created from the film's original camera negative overseen by Roth, and includes a brand-new audio commentary with Roth and the main cast as well as a gallery of rare behind the scenes photos.
The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 62 percent, with a weighted average of 5.92 out of 10 based on reviews from 140 critics.
Since Lionsgate was unwilling to produce his idea, Roth entrusted Ti West to direct the sequel entirely from West's own version.
Born in London, Ontario, McCurdy's great-great grandfather Nasa McCurdy was an agent on the Underground Railroad by which African-American slaves escaped to Canada in the 19th century.
He moved to Amherstburg, Ontario when he was 9 and encountered racism for the first time when he tried to join the Cub Scouts and was excluded, being told to form a Black-only troop.
McCurdy studied at the University of Western Ontario, where he received a Bachelor of Arts, and later at Assumption University, where he received a Bachelor of Science.
McCurdy has also served for a time as Michigan State University's president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which he founded.
In 1959, he joined the Biology Department at Assumption College (later the University of Windsor) and became the first person of African descent to hold a tenure track position in a Canadian university.
In 1979, he was elected alderman in the city of Windsor and served two terms until he was elected as the New Democratic MP for the riding of Windsor Walkerville in the federal election of 1984, to become Canada's second Black MP, and the first Black NDP MP.
In the 1988 election he was reelected in the renamed riding of Windsor— St. Clair, where he served until his defeat in the 1993 federal election.
McCurdy campaigned for the Ontario New Democratic Party nomination in Windsor—Sandwich in the build-up to the 1995 provincial election, but was unexpectedly defeated by Arlene Rousseau.
McCurdy has received many awards, including the Canadian Centennial Medal in 1967, the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977, and in 2001 the J. S. Woodsworth Award for Human Rights.
Thomas was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, the son of Claudine (born Gonsalves), a personal manager and social worker, and Stephen Weiss, an industrial sales manager.
Upon graduation, he enrolled at Harvard University, where he studied philosophy and history and spent his third year abroad at St Andrews University in Scotland.
Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD), or schizotypal disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by severe social anxiety, thought disorder, paranoid ideation, derealization, transient psychosis and often unconventional beliefs.
People with this disorder feel extreme discomfort with maintaining close relationships with people and avoid forming them, mainly because the subject thinks their peers harbor negative thoughts towards them.
Although STPD symptomatology has been studied longitudinally in a number of community samples, the results received do not suggest any significant likelihood of the development of schizophrenia.
There are dozens of studies showing that individuals with schizotypal personality disorder score similar to individuals with schizophrenia on a very wide range of neuropsychological tests.
Cognitive deficits in patients with schizotypal personality disorder are very similar to, but quantitatively milder than, those for patients with schizophrenia.
Rates of schizotypal personality disorder are much higher in relatives of individuals with schizophrenia than in the relatives of people with other mental illnesses or in people without mentally ill relatives.
There is now evidence to suggest that parenting styles, early separation, trauma/maltreatment history (especially early childhood neglect) can lead to the development of schizotypal traits.
Over time, children learn to interpret social cues and respond appropriately but for unknown reasons this process does not work well for people with this disorder.
Schizotypal personality disorders are characterized by a common attentional impairment in various degrees that could serve as a marker of biological susceptibility to STPD.
The reason is that an individual who has difficulties taking in information may find it difficult in complicated social situations where interpersonal cues and attentive communications are essential for quality interaction.
These symptoms must not occur only during the course of a disorder with similar symptoms (such as schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder).
This diagnostic rubric is not recommended for general use because it is not clearly demarcated either from simple schizophrenia or from schizoid or paranoid personality disorders, or possibly autism spectrum disorders as currently diagnosed.
If the term is used, three or four of the typical features listed above should have been present, continuously or episodically, for at least 2 years.
(2000) stated that this may be due to overlapping criteria with other personality disorders, such as avoidant personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder and borderline personality disorder.
The difference between the two seems to be that those labeled as schizotypal avoid social interaction because of a deep-seated fear of people.
The schizoid individuals simply feel no desire to form relationships, because they see no point in sharing their time with others.
STPD is rarely seen as the primary reason for treatment in a clinical setting, but it often occurs as a comorbid finding with other mental disorders.
When patients with STPD are prescribed pharmaceuticals, they are most often prescribed the same drugs used to treat patients suffering from schizophrenia including traditional neuroleptics such as haloperidol and thiothixene.
According to Theodore Millon, the schizotypal is one of the easiest personality disorders to identify but one of the most difficult to treat with psychotherapy.
It is not so easy to gain rapport with people who suffer from STPD due to the fact that increasing familiarity and intimacy usually increase their level of anxiety and discomfort.
Support is especially important for schizotypal patients with predominant paranoid symptoms, because they will have a lot of difficulties even in highly structured groups.
Together with other cluster A personality disorders, it is also very common among homeless people who show up at drop-in centres, according to a 2008 New York study.
A University of Colorado Colorado Springs study comparing personality disorders and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator types found that the disorder had a significant correlation with the Introverted (I), Intuitive (N), Thinking (T) and Perceiving (P) preferences.
He has the genetic disorder osteogenesis imperfecta, a disease that leads to frequent breaks in long bones and improper healing, leaving him with a shortened stature of tall.
Prior to his acting career, Anderson worked as a computer technician for Martin Marietta, working on the ground support system for NASA's space shuttle.
He first appears in Special Agent Dale Cooper's cryptic dream about the murder of Laura Palmer, set in a red room.
He has become a widower after Dolan, a wealthy crime-boss, had his wife murdered with a car bomb in order to prevent her from testifying against him.
Discovering that Dolan regularly takes the same route along State Route 71 when traveling to Los Angeles while in his Cadillac, Robinson decides to trick Dolan into missing a detour, which leads the Cadillac to crash into a ditch and he'll be buried alive; while the Cadillac is armored against most conventional forms of attack, he realized he can use that against Dolan.
He takes on a summer job with a road paving crew so that he can learn to operate the heavy equipment needed to excavate an oblong ditch just long and deep enough to contain the car, but not so wide as to allow escape through its doors.
One of Dolan's bodyguards is killed in the crash, while the other, crushed by the engine block, screams out in pain and panic, prompting Dolan to kill him.
Dolan addresses Robinson by name, prompting him to lean over the roof of the car as Dolan fires a few bullets skyward.
Robinson merely tells him he will be released if he screams as loud as the explosives that killed his wife, gleefully listening to Dolan's cries as he completes the burial and paves over his car.
Robinson pays a relatively small price of undergoing much physical and mental exhaustion, but he feels satisfied that he has done a great service to the memory of his late wife, whose voice finally falls silent; this silence is something of a relief to Robinson.
Ian Gardiner Waddell is a Canadian politician, author and filmmaker who served in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1993 and in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1996 to 2001.
He graduated from the University of Toronto with bachelor of arts in history and an LLB, a teaching diploma from the Ontario College of Education, and a master's in international law from the London School of Economics.
Later, as Legal Director at Community Legal Assistance Society, he was counsel on the first successful consumer class action in Canada.
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1979 general election, representing the riding of Vancouver Kingsway between 1979 and 1988 and the riding of Port Moody—Coquitlam between 1988 and 1993.
He served in several positions in the British Columbia NDP governments of the 1990s, including Minister of Small Business, Tourism and Culture from February 1998 to November 2000 under Glen Clark, and Minister of Environment, Lands and Parks under Ujjal Dosanjh from November 2000 to April 2001.
As minister, Waddell was responsible for the first Olympic bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler, beating out well financed Calgary and political favorite Quebec City.
In the 2004 federal election, Waddell ran for reelection to Parliament in the reconstituted district of Vancouver Kingsway, losing to David Emerson.
Wotje Atoll (Marshallese: , ) is a coral atoll of 75 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands.
, the population was nearly 1,000, which included about 200 teenagers who live on the island at the public boarding school, Northern Islands High School.
The Wotje Atoll includes a number of islets, including Wotje (the largest), Bodao, Enejeltalk, Ukon, Wetwirok, Kaiken, Wormej, Kimajo, Ninum, Kaben.
There are four churches on Wotje, Wotje: Catholic (which runs St. Thomas Elementary School), Protestant, Assembly of God, and Full Gospel.
Wotje Atoll was claimed by the Empire of Germany along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1884, and the Germans established a trading outpost.
The Japanese established a school on the island, which served the atolls of the Ratak Chain, but otherwise left the administration in the hands of local authorities.
However, from the end of the 1930s, Wotje was developed as into a major Japanese seaplane base, and also had an airfield with two runways for land-based aircraft, and several hundred support buildings.
The Japanese garrison at Wotje at its peak numbered 2,959 men from the Imperial Japanese Navy, 424 men from the Imperial Japanese Army and some 750 civilian workers, many of whom were conscripted ethnic Koreans.
The attacks increased in frequency and severity after the fall of Majuro and Kwajalein to American forces, and all supply lines to Wotje were cut.
Following the end of World War II, Wotje came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.
Many World War II artifacts remain on the main island of Wotje, including a large concrete airstrip, bunkers and big guns.
Clerical marriage is a term used to described the practice of allowing Christian clergy (those who have already been ordained) to marry.
Many Eastern Churches (Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, or Eastern Catholic), while allowing married men to be ordained, do not allow clerical marriage after ordination: their parish priests are often married, but must marry before being ordained to the priesthood.
The Catholic Church also forbids clerical marriage, but generally follows a practice of clerical celibacy, requiring candidates for ordination to be unmarried or widowed.
There is no dispute that at least some of the apostles were married or had been married: a mother-in-law of Peter is mentioned in the account in , , of the beginning of Jesus' ministry.
This has been interpreted in various ways, including that the overseer was not allowed to remarry even if his wife died.
Henry VIII was a known supporter of the idea of permitting those in the clergy to participate in the sacrament of marriage.
The ongoing debate over whether or not to allow clerical marriage was fueled, and it significantly impacted society with the development of modern methods of technology such as the printing press.
These new methods of communication enabled individuals and groups of people to dialogue more freely and with greater accuracy than simply using word of mouth.
The printing press was one of the first modes of communication which opened the door to a more rapid means of communication and it aided in furthering the debate over the issue of clerical marriage.
As a result of this new and more reliable mode of communication, the idea of allowing members of the clergy to marry quickly gained momentum and recognition by a large majority of the sixteenth century population of Europe.
Evidence for the view that continence was expected of clergy in the early Church is given by the Protestant historian Philip Schaff, who points out that all marriages contracted by clerics in Holy Orders were declared null and void in 530 by Emperor Justinian I, who also declared the children of such marriages illegitimate.
Then at the Second Lateran Council of 1139 the Roman Church declared that Holy Orders were not merely a prohibitive but a diriment canonical impediment to marriage, therefore making a marriage by priests invalid and not merely forbidden.
Here is must be pointed out that 1054 is the year of the great East–West Schism between the Church of Rome and the four Apostolic sees of the Orthodox Communion (Constantinople, Alexandria Egypt, Antioch Syria, and Jerusalem).
Therefore, when some churches that followed western rites and traditions were brought back into communion with the Orthodox Churches beginning in the 20th century, their right to have married clergy, provided they were married before ordination, was restored.
The practice of clerical marriage was initiated in the West by the followers of Martin Luther, who himself, a former priest and monk, married Katharina von Bora, a former nun, in 1525.
Under King Henry VIII, the 6 Articles prohibited the marriage of clergy and this continued until the Articles were repealed by Edward VI in 1547, thus opening the way for Anglican priests to marry for the first time.
However, in recent times, a few exceptional cases can be found in some Orthodox churches in which ordained clergy have been granted the right to marry after ordination.
Following the example of Martin Luther, who, though an ordained priest, married in 1525, Protestant denominations permit an unmarried ordained pastor to marry.
Being married is commonly welcomed, in which case the pastor's marriage is expected to serve as a model of a functioning Christian marriage, and the pastor's spouse often serves an unofficial leadership role in the congregation.
Certain denominations require a prospective pastor to be married before he can be ordained, based on the view (drawn from 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1) that a man must demonstrate the ability to run a household before he can be entrusted with the church.
The Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches, as well as many of the Eastern Catholic Churches, permit married men to be ordained.
Those who opt for married life must marry before becoming priests, deacons (with a few exceptions), and, in some strict traditions, subdeacons.
The vast majority of Orthodox parish clergy are married men, which is one of the major differences between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches; however, they must marry before being ordained.
Since the marriage takes place while they are still laymen and not yet clergy, the marriage is not a clerical marriage, even if it occurs while they are attending the seminary.
Traditionally, the rejection of clerical marriage has meant that a married deacon or priest whose wife dies could not remarry but must embrace celibacy.
One way to do this is to laicize the widowed priest so that his subsequent marriage will be that of a layman (and hence not an instance of clerical marriage) and then allow to apply for re-ordination.
Subdeacons (or hypodeacons, the highest of the clerical minor orders) are often included with clerics in major orders (like deacons and priests) in early canons that prohibit clerical marriage, such as Apostolic Canon 26.
One approach has been to bless acolytes or readers to vest and act as subdeacons temporarily or permanently, thus creating a new distinction between a 'blessed subdeacon'—who may not touch the altar or assume other prerogatives of ordained subdeacons outside services—and an 'ordained subdeacon'.
Another approach is to simply delay the formal ordination of the subdeacon, if, for example, a likely candidate for the subdiaconate has stated an intention to marry but has not yet done so.
Generally, if a deacon or priest divorces his wife, he may not continue in ministry, although there are also exceptions to this rule, such as if the divorce is deemed to be the fault of the wife.
Bishops in the Orthodox Churches are elected from among those clergy who are not married, whether celibate (as the monastic clergy must be) or widowed.
Like the Eastern Churches, the Catholic Church does not allow clerical marriage, although many of the Eastern Catholic Churches do allow the ordination of married men as priests.
Within the Catholic Church, the Latin Church generally follows the discipline of clerical celibacy, which means that, as a rule, only unmarried or widowed men are accepted as candidates for ordination.
An exception to this practice arises in the case of married non-Catholic clergymen who become Catholic and seek to serve as priests.
For example, some former Anglican priests and Lutheran ministers have been ordained to the priesthood after being received into the Church.
As in the Orthodox Churches, some Catholic priests receive dispensation from the obligation of celibacy through laicization, which may occur either at the request of the priest or as a punishment for a grave offense.
Any subsequent marriage undertaken by the laicized former priest is thus considered to be the marriage of a layman, and not an instance of clerical marriage.
In contrast to the Orthodox practice, however, such a married former priest may not apply to be restored to the priestly ministry while his wife is still living.
Despite the Latin Church's historical practice of priestly celibacy, there have been Catholic priests throughout the centuries who have simulated marriage through the practice of concubinage.
It was also revealed in February 2019 that the Catholic celibacy policy hasn't always been enforced and that at some point in history, the Vatican secretly enacted rules to protect the clerical status of Catholic clergy who violated their celibacy policy.
One example was shown in the Diocese of Greensburg in Pennsylvania, where a priest maintained his clerical status after marrying a girl he impregnated.
In 2012, Kevin Lee, a priest in Australia, revealed that he had maintained his clerical status after being secretly married for a full year and that church leaders were aware of his secret marriage, but disregarded the celibacy policy.
El Salvador's constitution provides for a second-round runoff vote in the event that no candidate secures an absolute majority; however, Saca's 57% share of the vote meant that the second round, scheduled for 2 May, would not take place.
The U.S. government under George W. Bush interfered in the elections by threatening a deterioration of the bilateral relations in case of a victory by FMLN's candidate Schafik Handal.
Saca announced his intention to seek reconciliation with the opposition FMLN, in an effort to heal old divisions from the country's violent past.
It is written that when Esau was age forty, he took Judith, a Hittite and the daughter of Beeri, as his wife along with Bashemath, another Hittite and the daughter of Elon.
A lucet is a tool used in cordmaking or braiding which is believed to date back to the Viking and Medieval periods, when it was used to create cords that were used on clothing, or to hang items from the belt.
Unlike other braiding techniques such as kumihimo, finger-loop braiding or plaiting, where the threads are of a finite length, lucetted (or knitted) braids can be created without pre-measuring threads and so it is a technique suited for very long cords.
Archaeological finds and a literary description of lucets strongly suggest that its use declined after the 12th century, but was revived in the 17th century.
A modern lucet fork, like that pictured, is normally made of wood, with two prongs at one end and a handle on the other.
The only materials necessary to lucet are a length of yarn and a lucet fork, also called a lucet or a chain fork.
To cast on, the yarn is put through the hole in the lucet from the front, and the yarn in front of the lucet is wound around the prongs twice in a figure-of-eight.
The two lower loops are then lifted over the two upper loops using either the fingers or a stick until they come over the horns, and the thread behind the lucet is pulled to tighten the knot.
The process is then repeated, but this time only winding the yarn once around the prongs, as there is already a figure-of-eight on the fork.
When the desired length is reached, the lucet can be cast off by carefully lifting the loops off the prongs, passing the remaining thread through them and pulling the knot tight.
The Old English poem is one of many retellings of the Holofernes–Judith tale as it was found in the Book of Judith, still present in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Bibles.
Though it is certain that the poem is a derivative of the Book of Judith, still present in the Roman Catholic Bible, its authorship and year of origin remain a mystery.
The poem is incomplete: the version in the manuscript is 348 lines long, divided in three sections marked with the numbers X, XI, and XII.
The numbers correspond to the 10th verse of chapter twelve, the 11th verse of chapter thirteen, and the 12th verse of chapter fourteen.
Many discrepancies exist between the poem and Book, most notably in regards to the portrayal of Holofernes and the exaggeration of Judith’s righteousness in the poem (Marsden, pg.
Some scholars use the Apocryphal Judith as evidence for the text missing, while others refute this as unreliable as the Old English poet is not loyal to this source.
Much of the geographic and political structures relevant to a Hebrew culture have been removed, allowing an Anglo-Saxon audience to better understand and relate to the poem.
The author also gives her the entitlement of a 'halige meowle' (line 56), which translates as holy woman, a 'snoteran idese' (line 55), which translates as wise woman, whilst her appearance is described as 'aelfscinu' (line 13), which translates as 'elf-shining'.
The comparison between Judith and elves is interesting, as in Anglo-Saxon England, elves were associated with mental illness, sexual promiscuity and homosexuality, making this an odd choice of description for a servant of God.
(Citation needed) Although Judith kills a man, she appears to be doing God's will; Holofernes, while described to some extent as a standard military leader in the Beowulfian vein, is also cast as a salacious drunk and becomes monstrous in his excess.
Ælfric’s Judith is quite similar to that of the poem; and furthermore, the characters seem to have served the same purpose—to stand as an example to the people in a time of war.
An example is found in the description of God, who at various times is referred to as 'Aelhimtigan' (the Almighty), 'mihtig Dryhten' (mighty Lord) and 'Scyppende' (Creator).
In order to account for these lost words, modern editions of the poem are supplemented by references to Edward Thwaites' 1698 edition.
Stylistically, the poem so strongly reflects the Cynewulfian school that it may just as likely been written by one of Cynewulf’s successors (Cook, pg.
Mirwais Sadiq (1973 – March 21, 2004) was the Civil Aviation Minister of Afghanistan and the son of the Ismail Khan, who was then the governor of Herat Province.
He died during an exchange of fire in the city of Herat between supporters of Zahir Nayebzada, a commander for the central government, and Ismail Khan.
Mili Atoll (Marshallese: , ) is a coral atoll of 92 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands.
By the time the U.S. schooner , commanded by Lieutenant Commander John Percival, arrived to rescue them two years later, the islanders had killed all but two of the crew members.
The infamous blackbirder Bully Hayes owned Tokowa Islet on Mili during the late 19th century and used it as a base for his operations.
According to some theorists who advocate for the Japanese capture hypothesis of Amelia Earhart, Mili Atoll might have been where Earhart and Fred Noonan landed in 1937 after failing to make it to Howland Island.
Evidence of this actually occurring, however, is largely based on unreliable eyewitness testimony rather than conclusive physical evidence; most historians believe Earhart and Noonan would have had no reason to attempt to come to Mili, and if they had, they would have run out of fuel before making it in any case.
Between late 1942 and late 1943, the Japanese also constructed an airfield with three runways (4750 ft, 4550 ft and 4400 ft), and numerous support buildings, including a radar station.
Of the 5100-man Japanese garrison (2600 Imperial Japanese Navy and 2500 Imperial Japanese Army) only half survived to the end of the war.
Following the end of World War II, Mili Atoll came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
While thousands of unexploded munitions were destroyed by Peace Corps volunteers in the 1960s, danger remains for humans from chemicals in Japanese and U.S. unexploded munitions on land and in the ocean (which could enter the food chain).
This duck formerly bred in large numbers in the Mediterranean region, but is now restricted to a few sites in southern Spain, southern Italy, northwest Africa and the broader Levant.
Further east it survives in the Mesopotamian marshland in southern Iraq and in Iran (Shadegan Marshes - the world's most important site), as well as isolated pockets in Armenia, Azerbaijan, western India and western China.
In some areas birds disperse from the breeding grounds, and have been encountered in the winter period in the Sahel zone, south of the Sahara.
Its preferred breeding habitat is temporary and shallow fresh, brackish or alkaline waters with densely vegetated shores in regions that otherwise are fairly dry.
In 2011, a group of Iraqi ornithologists counted a single flock of the rare marbled teal on the lakes of the Iraqi marshes, numbering at least 40,000 birds.
Their gizzard allows them to break down seeds and the lamellae in their beak allow them to filter feed on zooplanktonic organisms.
Although they may take tiny seeds, they lack the large gizzard necessary to break down the larger seeds commonly consumed by adults.
In one sense, it is a measure of the strength of relationship between the methods and data of a class and some unifying purpose or concept served by that class.
Modules with high cohesion tend to be preferable, because high cohesion is associated with several desirable traits of software including robustness, reliability, reusability, and understandability.
In object-oriented programming, if the methods that serve a class tend to be similar in many aspects, then the class is said to have high cohesion.
While in principle a module can have perfect cohesion by only consisting of a single, atomic element – having a single function, for example – in practice complex tasks are not expressible by a single, simple element.
Thus a single-element module has an element that either is too complicated, in order to accomplish a task, or is too narrow, and thus tightly coupled to other modules.
Cohesion is a qualitative measure, meaning that the source code to be measured is examined using a rubric to determine a classification.
Studies by various people including Larry Constantine, Edward Yourdon, and Steve McConnell indicate that the first two types of cohesion are inferior; communicational and sequential cohesion are very good; and functional cohesion is superior.
ARENA controlled the National Assembly of El Salvador until 1985, and its party leader Alfredo Cristiani was elected to the presidency in 1989.
The ideology the party affirms to believe in is a system of democratic and representative government, emphasizing individual rights, the family as the nucleus of society and the respect for private property.
In February 2007, three ARENA politicians were murdered in Guatemala, including Eduardo D'Aubuisson, the son of party founder Roberto D'Aubuisson, in what was considered by the police as a crime related to drugs.
In 2009, ARENA took out a full-page ad in a Salvadorean newspaper calling on President Mauricio Funes to recognise the interim Honduran government of Roberto Micheletti installed after the military had expelled President Manuel Zelaya.
The director's role is to organize and co-ordinate electoral campaigns and help the councils form party structures in the municipalities of their departments.
On February 19, 2013, Jorge Velado assumed the position as president of COENA, in a party leadership shake-up aimed at re-energizing a stale organization tainted by its association with the violent death squads of the 1980s, widespread corruption and the switch to the U.S. dollar as the national currency.
At the legislative elections held on March 16, 2003, the party won 32.0% of the popular vote and 27 out of 84 seats in the Legislative Assembly.
On 21 March 2004, Saca defeated Schafik Handal, the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, by a margin of 58% to 36% with 70% turnout.
In the March 12, 2006 legislative election, the party won 39.4% of the popular vote and 32 out of 84 seats.
At the January 18, 2009 legislative elections, the party received 38.55% of the vote, and again won 32 of the 84 seats.
Cohabitation is a system of divided government that occurs in semi-presidential systems, such as France, when the President is from a different political party than the majority of the members of parliament.
It occurs because such a system forces the president to name a premier (prime minister) that will be acceptable to the majority party within parliament.
Of course, the majority party of the National Assembly retained power as well, but since the popularly elected president appointed the prime minister, the former was seen as having the upper hand in any conflict between executive and legislature.
Furthermore, the imbalance is further illustrated by the fact that the president can dissolve the Assembly at any time (but not more than once in a year), whereas the legislature has no powers of removal against the president.
The sole caveat to this position of presidential pre-eminence was the fact that the president's selection to the premiership required approval by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament: because the Assembly can dismiss the government by a vote of no confidence, it follows that the prime minister must command a majority in the Assembly.
Almost immediately, Mitterrand exercised his authority to call Assembly elections, and the electorate returned an Assembly with an absolute majority of Socialists, ending the presumed crisis.
However, when Assembly elections were held as required in 1986, five years later, the Socialists lost their majority to the right.
There have been only three periods of cohabitation, but each is notable for illustrating the oscillation of powers between the President and Prime Minister.
After the 1986 Assembly elections, Mitterrand was forced to nominate as a Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, the leader of the RPR, the largest party in the majority coalition.
Throughout the cohabitation between Mitterrand and Chirac, the President focused on his foreign duties and allowed Chirac to control internal affairs.
Since Mitterrand was distanced from these policies, Chirac began to reverse many of Mitterrand's reforms by lowering taxes and privatising many national enterprises.
This lasted for two years until 1988 when the newly reelected Mitterrand called for new legislative elections that were won by a leftist majority, which lasted five years.
In 1993 President Mitterrand found himself in a similar position when the Right won an 80% majority in the National Assembly elections.
Once again he was forced to appoint an opposition member (RPR and UDF parties), this time Édouard Balladur, to the post of Prime Minister, because Chirac focused rather on running for President instead of being Prime Minister for the third time.
In 1995, rightist leader Jacques Chirac succeeded Mitterrand as president, and, since the right had a majority in the Assembly, he was able to appoint his fellow RPR member Alain Juppé as his prime minister, ending cohabitation by a change in the presidency.
With Jospin holding the premiership, Chirac's political influence was constrained and he had no say over certain major reforms being instituted by the left-wing majority.
This included the 1998 legislation to shorten the working week from 39 to 35 hours, which came into effect in 2000.
In 2000, with the support of President Chirac, the term of the President of the Fifth Republic was shortened from seven years to five years, a change accepted by a referendum.
The near-simultaneity of presidential and legislative elections makes cohabitation less likely by reducing the prospect of major changes in public opinion between the two elections, but cohabitation remains a possibility even if public opinion remains stable.
voters on the left) may be split between two or more presidential candidates, thus making it unlikely that any of this group's candidates wins the presidential election, but these coordination problems may be resolved in the legislative election, leading to a different outcome in the two elections.
Alternatively, a party that wins a majority of support in both the presidential and legislative elections may nonetheless fail to control the National Assembly because that support is distributed unequally across legislative districts.
Or a presidential candidate from a new personalistic party may win the presidency despite his party not having the candidates or the party apparatus to win legislative elections.
For example, the president can dissolve the Assembly and call for new elections mid-term, which could theoretically lead to a different party winning (though the president would of course seek to avoid calling elections if this result were likely).
Georgia underwent a period of cohabitation from 2012 to 2013, occasioned by the defeat of the ruling United National Movement party by the opposition Georgian Dream coalition in the 2012 parliamentary election.
At the same time, a new constitutional system came into effect and the leader of the defeated party, the incumbent President Mikheil Saakashvili, had to appoint the Georgian Dream leader, Bidzina Ivanishvili, as Prime Minister.
The Palestinian National Authority, a quasi-governmental organization responsible for administering the Palestinian territories, has operated within the framework of a semi-presidential republic since the creation of the office of Prime Minister in the spring of 2003.
While the President has the power to appoint anyone Prime Minister, there was an unspoken agreement upon the establishment of the office that the Prime Minister would be appointed from the majority party in the Legislative Council.
This arrangement led to a period of cohabitation after the 2006 legislative election, in which Fatah President Mahmoud Abbas appointed Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh Prime Minister after Hamas' victory in the elections.
The cohabitation did not last long, however, as funds were withheld from the Palestinian Authority and hostilities between Fatah and Hamas broke out in December 2006, leading to the appointment of a caretaker government led by Salam Fayyad on June 14, 2007.
Sri Lankan politics for several years witnessed a bitter struggle between the president and the prime minister, belonging to different parties and elected separately, over the negotiations with the Tamil Tigers to resolve the longstanding civil war.
The new constitution of 2000 reduced the power of the president by transferring the power to choose a prime minister to the parliament.
Cohabitation has occurred frequently, as Finland has multiple powerful parties which are not highly polarized between left and right, and also since the terms of a parliament are shorter (four years) than the presidential terms (six years).
The President of Poland is required to be non-partisan while in office, but so far all Presidents were elected as partisan candidates.
A cohabition occurred in 2007, when President Lech Kaczyński was forced to appoint Donald Tusk as prime minister, his main rival in 2005 presidential election.
The 2012 Romanian political crisis was a major political conflict between prime minister Victor Ponta of the Social Democratic Party and the centre-right president Traian Băsescu, after the former was asked to form a government in May 2012.
The dispute degenerated in civil disobedience and alleged democratic backsliding, lasting until the two sides signed an agreement on institutional cohabitation in December.
This cohabitation occurred owing to the dismissal of the ministers belonging to the Democratic Party (PD), which had supported President Băsescu's candidacy, and which had counted Băsescu among its members before his election in 2004, in April 2007.
This dismissal led to the formation of the second Tăriceanu government, comprising the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR).
The cohabitation between President Băsescu and Prime Minister Ponta began after the successful vote of no confidence against the government led by Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, which was supported by the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), the National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR) and the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR).
Ponta's first term in office was marked by a major political crisis between him and President Băsescu, leading up to the suspension of the latter and an impeachment referendum in July 2012.
The new parliamentary majority was reinforced after the legislative election in December 2012, as the Social Liberal Union (USL) obtained a supermajority of seats.
President Klaus Iohannis began his term as President in December 2014, having won the presidential election a month before in front of the incumbent prime minister, Victor Ponta.
Since a legislative election was not held, the parliamentary majority was unchanged, and Ponta was able to remain as Prime Minister, despite his loss.
A legislative election was held in December 2016, which led to the formation of a coalition government, including the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE).
The leader of the Social Democratic Party, Liviu Dragnea, took the office of President of the Chamber of Deputies, while Sorin Grindeanu assumed the position of Prime Minister.
Grindeanu was eventually dismissed by a vote of no confidence due to tensions within the governing coalition in June 2017, and he was replaced by Mihai Tudose, of the same party.
Viorica Dăncilă, an MEP representing the Social Democratic Party of Romania, assumed the office of Prime Minister after the resignation of her predecessor, Mihai Tudose.
However, if the State Duma rejects the President's candidate(s) three times in a row the President has the right to dissolve the State Duma and call new legislative elections, but he will not be able to do so within a year after the last parliamentary elections, which in this period may be cohabitation.
Though the rest of the time cohabitation is unlikely, it can occur when in the State Duma there is no stable majority loyal to the President.
So cohabitation evolved between 1998 and 1999, when the State Duma twice refused to appoint Viktor Chernomyrdin as Prime Minister, but it was felt that to have held early elections was dangerous because of the risk that the opposition would strengthen its numbers and perhaps and gain the majority which would have led to even more complex relations between the Parliament and the President.
In this regard, Boris Yeltsin had to appoint a Prime Minister (Yevgeny Primakov), who had broad support among the left opposition.
Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko had to appoint Viktor Yanukovych, his rival from the 2004 presidential election, as prime minister in August 2006.
While a number of presidential democracies, such as the United States, have seen power shared between a president and legislature of different political parties, this is another form of divided government.
In this situation, the executive is directed by a president of one party who serves for a fixed term of years, even if and while the legislature is controlled by another party; in cohabitation, by contrast, executive power is divided between a president of one party and a cabinet of government ministers of another party.
However, since some of the new democracies of eastern Europe have adopted institutions quite similar to France, cohabitation may become more common.
Still, if those countries elect their executives and legislature at or near the same time, as France is now doing, then cohabitation will be less likely.
The lake is 27 km in length, with an average depth of 1.3 m and a maximum depth of 17 m; it contains 43 km² of small islands.
Following the reservoir's completion, Hungarians began to flock to the site for holidays, since it compared favorably with the crowded and expensive Lake Balaton, the traditional holiday site.
As a result, tourist infrastructure has been developed on the reservoir—renamed Lake Tisza—and the government has designated it an official tourism destination.
Lake Tisza Ecocentre in Poroszló was erected to collect and display the nature and wildlife of the Tisza River valley and Lake Tisza.
In the C++ programming language, a copy constructor is a special constructor for creating a new object as a copy of an existing object.
The first argument of such a constructor is a reference to an object of the same type as is being constructed (const or non-const), which might be followed by parameters of any type (all having default values).
Normally the compiler automatically creates a copy constructor for each class (known as an implicit copy constructor) but for special cases the programmer creates the copy constructor, known as a user-defined copy constructor.
A user-defined copy constructor is generally needed when an object owns pointers or non-shareable references, such as to a file, in which case a destructor and an assignment operator should also be written (see Rule of three).
It is however, not guaranteed that a copy constructor will be called in these cases, because the C++ Standard allows the compiler to optimize the copy away in certain cases, one example being the return value optimization (sometimes referred to as RVO).
The copy constructor is used only for initializations, and does not apply to assignments where the assignment operator is used instead.
The implicit copy constructor of a class calls base copy constructors and copies its members by means appropriate to their type.
It only copies the address of the original data member; this means they both share a pointer to the same chunk of memory, which is not what we want.
Reference counting keeps the count of how many objects are referencing the data, and will delete it only when this count reaches zero (e.g.
However, the default generated copy constructor copies by invoking copy constructors on members, and for a raw pointer member this will copy the raw pointer (i.e.
Born in Reit im Winkl, Bavaria, Mittermaier won two gold medals (downhill and slalom) and one silver (giant slalom) at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.
Mittermaier made her World Cup debut in the inaugural season of 1967 at age 16, and won her first World Cup race two seasons later.
After winning both races at Copper Mountain in Colorado to wrap up the overall and slalom titles, the four-year-old resort immediately named the race course run after her.
Alexandrov-discrete spaces are also called finitely generated spaces since their topology is uniquely determined by the family of all finite subspaces.
Due to the fact that inverse images commute with arbitrary unions and intersections, the property of being an Alexandrov-discrete space is preserved under quotients.
Thus a map between two preordered sets is monotone if and only if it is a continuous map between the corresponding Alexandrov-discrete spaces.
Conversely a map between two Alexandrov-discrete spaces is continuous if and only if it is a monotone function between the corresponding preordered sets.
Notice however that in the case of topologies other than the Alexandrov topology, we can have a map between two topological spaces that is not continuous but which is nevertheless still a monotone function between the corresponding preordered sets.
Let Top denote the category of topological spaces and continuous maps; and let Pro denote the category of preordered sets and monotone functions.
(The latter construction is itself a special case of a more general construction of a complex algebra from a relational structure i.e.
The class of modal algebras that we obtain in the case of a preordered set is the class of interior algebras—the algebraic abstractions of topological spaces.
Alexandrov spaces were first introduced in 1937 by P. S. Alexandrov under the name discrete spaces, where he provided the characterizations in terms of sets and neighbourhoods.
The name discrete spaces later came to be used for topological spaces in which every subset is open and the original concept lay forgotten.
With the advancement of categorical topology in the 1980s, Alexandrov spaces were rediscovered when the concept of finite generation was applied to general topology and the name finitely generated spaces was adopted for them.
Alexandrov spaces were also rediscovered around the same time in the context of topologies resulting from denotational semantics and domain theory in computer science.
In 1966 Michael C. McCord and A. K. Steiner each independently observed a duality between partially ordered sets and spaces which were precisely the T versions of the spaces that Alexandrov had introduced.
C. Naturman observed that these spaces were the Alexandrov-discrete spaces and extended the result to a category theoretic duality between the category of Alexandrov-discrete spaces and (open) continuous maps, and the category of preorders and (bounded) monotone maps, providing the preorder characterizations as well as the interior and closure algebraic characterizations.
A systematic investigation of these spaces from the point of view of general topology which had been neglected since the original paper by Alexandrov, was taken up by F.G. Arenas.
Jaluit Atoll (Marshallese: ', , or ', ) is a large coral atoll of 91 islands in the Pacific Ocean and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands.
She had transported convicts from Britain to New South Wales and was on her way to China to find a cargo to take back to Britain.
In 1884, the German Empire claimed Jaluit Atoll, along with the rest of the Marshall Islands, and the Germans established a trading outpost.
After World War I, the island became a part of Nanyo, a mandated territory of the Empire of Japan, and was the seat of the Japanese administration over the Marshall Islands.
During World War II the island's Japanese garrison consisted of 1,584 men of the Imperial Japanese Navy and 727 men of the Imperial Japanese Army.
The island was bombed on at least five occasions in November and December 1943 by B-24 Liberator bombers of the USAAF 7th Air Force.
Following World War II, Jaluit came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.
An expanded version of the play became a success at the Czechoslovakian Youth Drama Festival in Bratislava in 1986, and, in 1988, it made successful season at Sydney's Wharf Theatre, where it was seen by Australian music executive Ted Albert and his wife Antoinette.
They both loved it, and, when Albert soon after set up the film production company M&A Productions with ex-Film Australia producer Tristram Miall, they offered Luhrmann to transform his play into a film.
His mother Shirley teaches ballroom dancing, and his father Doug meekly handles maintenance chores at the dance studio, while secretly spending hours in a back room watching old footage of his bygone dance competitions.
Scott loses a competition because he started dancing his own steps, and his dancing partner Liz leaves him to team up with Ken, whose partner Pam Short has broken both her legs in a car accident (as just previously wished upon by Liz).
With Scott now alone with only three weeks until the championships, Shirley Hastings and her co-instructor at the studio, Les, embark on a desperate hunt for a new partner for Scott.
The pairing faces its first challenge when Fife, in an effort to pull Scott into line and prevent him from threatening the Dancesport status quo, arranges for Scott to become the new partner of Tina Sparkle, an established Champion dancer.
When Shirley and Les hear the news, they are overjoyed; Fran, happening upon them exclaiming over their happiness about Scott's new dance partner, misunderstands initially and believes they have discovered that she and Scott have become partners.
Scott chases after her and, although she is hurt, he entices her to dance backstage with him, and her anger is forgotten.
However, their dance is witnessed by several onlookers, among them Shirley and Les, who then do everything they can to persuade both Scott and Fran that the best way forward for all concerned is for Scott to forget about Fran and sign on as Tina Sparkle's partner.
However, Fife intervenes, telling Scott that Scott's father, Doug, ruined his career by dancing his own steps too, which he's regretted ever since.
During the competition, Doug tells Scott that Fife's story is a lie: he had convinced Shirley not to dance with him so he, Fife, could win the competition.
Fife tries to disqualify them, but Scott's friend Wayne, having overheard Fife's treachery, disconnects the PA system, allowing Scott and Fran to dance a Paso Doble routine that wins the audience over.
Desperate, Fife tries to turn off the music, but Scott's sister Kylie and her partner Luke interfere until Fife's girlfriend Charm Leachman disconnects the sound system.
Fife then disqualifies Scott and Fran, but Doug begins clapping out a beat to enable Scott and Fran to continue dancing.
Lastly, red curtain cinema is known as audience participation cinema in that audiences should be aware that what they are watching is not real.
It drew on Luhrmann's own life experience—he had studied ballroom dancing as a child and his mother worked as a ballroom dance teacher in his teens and inspired by the life of Keith Bain (who grew up in the same town as Luhrmann).
While studying at NIDA in the early 1980s, Luhrmann and a group of fellow students devised a short comedy-drama set in the cutthroat world of competitive ballroom dancing.
This original 1984 NIDA production was a critical success and, after graduating, Luhrmann was invited to re-stage the play for the Czechoslovakian Youth Drama Festival in Bratislava in 1986.
With its themes of artistic repression and underdogs battling against the odds, the play was a success at the festival, winning both the best director and best production awards.
This led Luhrmann to direct more theatre productions back in Australia, and in 1988, as part of the Australian Bicentenary celebrations, the Sydney Theatre Company invited him to establish an experimental theatre ensemble, Six Years Old, which took up a residency at The Wharf Theatre for that year.
Alongside Luhrmann and Pearce, the new company included one of the original NIDA collaborators, actor Catherine McClements, plus production designer Catherine Martin (whom Luhrmann subsequently married), set dresser Bill Marron and costume designer Angus Strathie, all of whom went on to collaborate with Luhrmann on his films.
The group work-shopped the expanded version of play, which had a trial season at the Brisbane Expo in 1988 before opening at the Wharf Studios on 24 September 1988.
Ted Albert was a leading record producer and music publisher, best known in Australia as the discoverer and original producer of 1960s pop sensations The Easybeats.
Soon after, Ted set up the film production company M&A Productions with ex-Film Australia producer Tristram Miall; they tracked Luhrmann down through NIDA and approached him with the offer to transform his play into a movie.
In its early stages, with the involvement of writer Andrew Bovell, the script took a more serious tone, including a subplot set around the trade union at the BHP steelworks in the industrial city of Newcastle.
Luhrmann balked at the move towards naturalism and eventually, with Albert's agreement, the director brought in his old friend Craig Pearce, who was able to translate Luhrmann's theatrical vision into a workable screenplay.
With the original budget set at over AUD 5 million, government film funding bodies were reluctant to back such a left-field project with few major names in the credits.
The script was then pared back and the subplot dropped, but when Miall approached the Film Finance Corporation, he was told that they would not back such a high-budget film (in Australian terms) with a first-time director.
Miall and Albert then pared the budget down to AUD 3.3 million and the FFA then agreed to provide around 65%, on condition that the producers were able to raise the remaining AUD 1 million and secure a local distributor.
After returning to Australia, Miall and Luhrmann had a fortuitous meeting with Andrew Pike, head of the Canberra-based independent distribution company Ronin Films.
Intrigued by Luhrmann's colourful pitch which involved sketches, set miniatures and pieces of costume, Pike agreed to back a limited local release, although he later admitted that, had he seen only the script, he would probably have turned it down.
Although the FFC funding was now in the pipeline, the production faced its most serious challenge when, on 11 November 1990, Ted Albert died suddenly from a heart attack (the film is dedicated to him).
This threw the entire project into doubt, but Ted Albert's widow Popsy decided that it should go to completion in honour of her husband, so she took over as executive producer, with Miall as producer.
With her blessing, Ted's family company Albert Music invested AUD 1 million, with the remaining AUD 300,000 sourced from private investors.
Even after completion, the team were greeted with stiff resistance from exhibitors: Luhrmann recalled that one exhibitor walked out before the film had even finished, declaring that Luhrmann was ruined and that he would never work again.
The film was accepted for the Cannes Film Festival, but another tragedy struck just before its first screening—actress Pat Thomson, who played Scott's mother, was diagnosed with cancer and she died in April 1992, only one month before its Cannes world premiere in May.
It was a huge success when released in Australia in August, and it swept the field at the 1992 AFI awards, gaining 13 nominations and winning in eight major categories.
It was also a major success at the 1993 BAFTA awards, gaining eight nominations and winning three awards for 'Best Costume Design', 'Best Original Film Score' and 'Best Production Design'.
Other major accolades included a 1994 Golden Globe nomination for Best Picture, 'Newcomer of the Year' at the 1993 London Critics Circle Film Awards, the 'People's Choice' award at the 1992 Toronto International Film Festival and 'Most Popular Film' at the 1992 Vancouver International Film Festival.
Worldwide, it eventually took AUD 80 million at the box office, making it one of the most successful Australian films of all time.
The production moved to Her Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne in January 2015, and the Lyric Theatre, QPAC in Brisbane in September 2015.
Commissioned by the conservative Belgian newspaper for its children's supplement , it was serialised weekly from December 1935 to February 1937.
The story tells of young Belgian reporter Tintin and his dog Snowy, as he pursues the thieves of a South American fetish identifiable by its broken right ear.
In doing so, he ends up in the fictional nation of San Theodoros, where he becomes embroiled in a war and discovers the Arumbaya tribe deep in the forest.
Tintin investigates when a fetish created by the Arumbaya tribe of South America is stolen from Brussels' Museum of Ethnography, only to be returned the following day.
Tintin realises that the replacement is a fake, and draws a connection with a local sculptor who has just been murdered, Jacob Balthazar.
Balthazar's parrot – a witness to the murder – is obtained by two Hispanic men, Alonso and Ramón, who try to kill Tintin when he begins to investigate their connection to the crime.
From the parrot, Alonso and Ramón discover that Balthazar was murdered by Rodrigo Tortilla, and they proceed to follow him aboard a ship bound for South America.
Alonso and Ramón capture Tintin, and interrogate him in the hope of locating the missing fetish, but he escapes and apprehends them.
As aide-de-camp, Tintin opposes Alcazar's decision to go to war with neighbouring Nuevo Rico over the oil rich Gran Chapo, and is framed as a traitor by warmongering oil and weapon companies.
Tintin decides to enter the forest and find the Arumbaya tribe, hoping that they can explain to him why people wish to steal the fetish.
Returning to Belgium, Tintin discovers that Balthazar's brother has produced a range of replicas of the fetish, which he had discovered among his deceased brother's belongings.
Tintin learns that the original has been purchased by Samuel Goldbarr, a wealthy American returning to the United States by ship.
Catching up to the boat, Tintin finds that Alonso and Ramón are aboard, and they struggle for the possession of the fetish.
Wallez was subsequently removed from the paper's editorship following a scandal, although Hergé was convinced to stay on the condition of a salary increase.
The fictional countries of San Theodoros and Nuevo Rico were based on the real countries Bolivia and Paraguay, while the Gran Chapo War depicted in the strip was an allusion to the Chaco War (1932–35) that was waged between Bolivian and Paraguayan forces over lucrative oil fields in the Gran Chaco region.
Hergé's character Basil Bazarov, of the Vicking Arms Company Ltd (Basil Mazaroff in the 1937 edition), was a thinly veiled allusion to the real-life Greek weapons seller Basil Zaharoff of Vickers Armstrong, who profited from the conflict by supplying arms to both Paraguay and Bolivia.
Hergé's Arumbaya fetish was based on the design of a genuine Peruvian statue in Brussels' Royal Museums of Art and History; a pre-Columbian Chimu statue, it was made of wood and dated to between 1200 and 1438 CE.
He based its structure largely on the Brusselier dialect spoken in the Marolles area of Brussels, mixed with Spanish endings and constructions.
In developing the Arumbaya's rivals, the Bibaros, he was influenced by anthropological accounts of head shrinking among the Jibaros tribes; when Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner translated the book into English, they renamed the Bibaros as the Rumbabas, a pun on the rum baba pudding.
The explorer Ridgewell, found living among the Arumbayas is based upon the British explorer Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett, who mysteriously disappeared into the Amazon jungle in 1925.
Influenced by Alfred Hitchcock and his frequent cameo appearances in his own films, Hergé inserted an illustration of himself into the second frame.
He also made reference to contemporary news stories in the book, having a radio announcer discuss the ongoing Second Italo-Ethiopian War at the start of the story; this was removed in the colour edition.
For their serialisation of the story, he replaced that particular frame with one in which Tintin vouchsafed the souls of Ramón and Alonso for God.
As part of this, they included artefacts that featured in the series, with the broken-eared Peruvian statue that inspired Hergé's Arumbaya fetish as the centre piece of the show; however, they feared that it might be stolen, so a replica was exhibited rather than the genuine article.
Hergé did so, but carried the book under his left arm; the thief never appeared, and the replica fetish was never recovered.
He also thought that there was a homosexual subtext between Ramón and Alonso, believing that the scene in which a bullet was fired into Ramón's buttocks was symbolic of anal sex.
The passage containing Tintin's drunkenness has been ignored entirely, keeping the character consistent with how it is seen in the rest of series - upright, conscientious and of commendable moral standards.
Egged's intercity bus routes reach most Israeli cities, towns, kibbutzim and moshavim, and the company operates urban city buses throughout the country and the West Bank.
During the wars of 1956, 1967 and 1973, Egged buses and drivers helped to reinforce the logistics system of the IDF and drove soldiers and food to the battlefields.
In late 2002, Egged sued the Palestinian National Authority and its chairman Yasser Arafat for compensation of damages and loss of income due to terrorist attacks and suicide bombings on buses during the Second Intifada, claiming that the attacks had deterred passengers from taking buses.
On February 3, 2003, the Tel Aviv District Court ruled that Arafat has to pay Egged NIS 52 million in damages for the loss of one year's income and NIS 100,000 in court expenses.
Despite deregulation attempts by the Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Egged is still Israel's largest bus company, is subsidized by the government, and still controls most of the inter-city bus lines in Israel.
Netanyahu's attempts were cut short by a bus strike that brought the country to a halt, and Egged's workers and directors declared that any further attempts to undermine the company's monopoly will be met with similar measures.
However, in recent years, many bus lines have begun to be operated by smaller bus companies such as Dan, Kavim, Superbus, Connex and others.
In 2005, Egged and the Israeli Government reached an agreement under which by the year 2015 subsidization will be reduced to specific sectors, the disabled, soldiers and students, and for certain equipment.
Had its members voted to not convert its ownership structure, the government could have cancelled an operating agreement it signed with Egged in November 2018, tender out its routes, and impose various sanctions until it decides to convert into a company.
Egged's bus fleet include a wide variety of bus models of Mercedes-Benz, VDL, Volvo, DAF and MAN, including bulletproof versions used mostly for travel in the West Bank.
Egged has purchased 51% of the Bulgarian Trans-Triumph bus company, which runs service to cities such as Varna and Sofia, as well as airport and tour buses for approximately €4 million.
Egged, through its affiliated company, is responsible for the operation of half the public transportation in the city of Varna, the second largest city in Bulgaria with about half a million residents.
Egged also formed a joint venture company with Rousse municipality called Egged Rousse JSC which operates the public transport in the city of Rousse.
Egged operates some 1,500 buses in Poland, where it owns the Polish bus company Mobilis it acquired for €4 million in 2006.
Egged Bus Services also holds an eight-year contract (with an option for an additional two years) worth about €500 million, for public transport in the region Waterland in the Netherlands starting December 2011.
The contract drew opposition from local activist groups who accuse Egged of supporting Israel's settlements policy in the West Bank, and consider the company's winning the tender as indirect Dutch support for Israel's settlements policy, according to reports by Radio Netherlands Worldwide.
In October 2010, Egged bought Veolia Transport's share in the Jerusalem Light Rail after a deal with the Dan Bus Company fell through.
However in March 2018 it was revealed that Egged will be prohibited from tendering to operate the light rail over competition concerns.
Egged has been awarded the tender to operate and maintain the Tel Aviv Red Line from October 2021 by the NTA Metropolitan Mass Transit System Ltd. tenders committee.
The winning bid was from the Tevel consortium controlled by Egged (51%) with Chinese companies Shenzhen Metro (30%) and CCECC (19%).
From the late 1990s until January 2011, Egged operated gender-segregated lines, commonly called Mehadrin bus lines mainly running in and/or between major Haredi population centers.
In January 2011, the Israeli High Court of Justice ruled that forced separation of men and women on buses was illegal but allowed voluntary separation for a one-year experimental period.
The court, accepting the recommendations of an investigation committee, ordered the removal of signs designating buses as segregated and the installation of new signs informing passengers of their right to sit wherever they wanted.
In later years Egged Bus Cooperative has expanded its services, through its subsidiary company Egged Tours, by offering organized trips abroad for Israelis as well as daily tours in Israel for tourists.
Egged Tours is an IATA licensed company which operates as a wholesale company for organized tours all over the world and Israel for groups and individuals.
Neurochemistry is the study of chemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules such as psychopharmaceuticals and neuropeptides, that control and influence the physiology of the nervous system.
Neurochemists analyze the biochemistry and molecular biology of organic compounds in the nervous system, and their roles in such neural processes including cortical plasticity, neurogenesis, and neural differentiation.
He was one of the first to hypothesize that many neurological illnesses could be contributed to an imbalance of chemicals in the brain.
He was also one of the first scientists to believe that through chemical means, the vast majority of neurological diseases could be treated, if not cured.
Shortly after injection, the patient had a drastic reduction in tremors, and they were able to control their muscles in ways they hadn't been able to in a long time.
The Maloelap Atoll (Marshallese: , ) (also spelled Maleolap) is a coral atoll of 71 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands.
The largest of the islands that make up the atoll are Taroa (the administrative center of the atoll), in the northeast, and Kaben in the northwest.
Maloelap Atoll was claimed by the Empire of Germany along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1884, and the Germans established a trading outpost.
In 1939, the Japanese built a seaplane base and landplane Taroa Airfield with two runways (4800' + 4100') and support buildings and facilities, including a radar station.
During World War II the Japanese garrison of 2,940 navy men and 389 army men was commanded by Rear Admiral Shoichi Kamada.
The island was attacked by the United States Navy beginning in February 1942 starting with carrier-based aircraft and shelling by warships.
Of the 3097-man Japanese garrison (1772 Imperial Japanese Navy, 368 Imperial Japanese Army, and 957 civilians) only 1041 (34%) survived the war.
A large number of war relics, including plane wrecks, mainly Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters and Mitsubishi G4M Betty bombers remain scattered about.
Following the end of World War II, the island came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.
James Brown Ray (February 19, 1794 – August 4, 1848) was an Indiana politician and the only Indiana Senate president pro tempore to be elevated to governor of the State of Indiana.
Ray served during a time when the state transitioned from personal politics to political parties, but never joined a party himself.
Taking office one week before his 31st birthday, he became the state's youngest governor and served from 1825 to 1831, the longest period for an Indiana governor under the state constitution of 1816.
He supported projects that encouraged the continued growth and development of the young state, most notably internal improvements, Native American removal, codification of Indiana's laws, improved county and local government, and expanded educational opportunities.
Ray moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when he was still a boy, where he studied law in the office of General Gano, and was admitted to the bar in 1816.
That same year the couple moved to Brookville, Indiana, where they had two children prior to Mary's death on July 4, 1823.
On January 30, 1824, the same day Lieutenant Governor Ratliff Boon resigned to take a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, Ray was elected the Indiana Senate's president pro tempore.
Ray became the state's fourth governor on February 12, 1825, when Indiana governor William Hendricks resigned from his office to become a U.S. senator.
After a brief debate about his eligibility to become governor because of his young age, Ray was able to provide proof that he met the minimum age of thirty as required under the state constitution.
To encourage further settlement and economic development, Ray supported internal improvements, Native American removal, codification of Indiana's laws, improved county and local government, and expanded educational opportunities.
During the 1820s national parties were generally divided among Jeffersonian Republicans, who followed Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams, and Jacksonian Democrats, who supported Andrew Jackson.
On December 8, 1825, Ray delivered his first address to the Indiana General Assembly and called for internal improvements in the state's transportation system.
After the previous administration's efforts under William Hendricks restored the state's credit and stabilize its income, Ray's administration was able to move ahead with plans to build canals, railroads, and more roads in the state.
Design plans for the Wabash and Erie Canal began during Ray's administration, but his opponents accused him of purposely delaying progress on the project by delaying reports, slowing progress in surveying, and in other areas, which further kindled distrust from the legislature.
The state's first railroad was also constructed, a short line connecting Shelbyville, Indiana to Indianapolis as a compromise with the governor to approve funds for the canal.
Industry in the state expanded exponentially during those years with several large factories opening up in the different locations around the state.
The plans for the road would extend from the Ohio River in the south to Lake Michigan in the north, and pass through Indianapolis in the central part of the state.
The new road would require the Potawatomi and the Miami people to cede their lands in northern and central Indiana to the federal government to make way for its construction.
Adams responded by appointing Ray, Michigan governor Lewis Cass, and John Tipton as commissioners to negotiate a treaty, which was concluded in the fall of 1826.
Ray's opponents in the state legislature seized the opportunity to attack him for taking a commission from the federal government as a treaty negotiator, claiming that it violated Indiana's constitution.
A motion to bring impeachment proceedings against Ray was narrowly defeated in the Indiana General Assembly by a vote of 31 to 27.
He suggested that the state's legal code should be modeled on Louisiana laws, which used the Napoleonic Code as a template.
Ray initially assumed responsibility for the project at his own expense, but two years after the Indiana General Assembly passed a bill to expand and improve the Indiana Code, the work was still not completed.
Another notable event during Ray's first term in office took place when three white men were scheduled to be hanged for the murder of nine Native American men, women, and children.
It marked the first documented trial, sentencing, and execution of whites for the murder of Native Americans under United States law.
The Fall Creek Massacre and the executions of the convicted murderers took place on Fall Creek, near Pendleton in Madison County, Indiana, ten miles northeast of Indianapolis.
Two of the convicted men were hanged; however, Ray arrived to issue a dramatic, last-minute pardon to seventeen-year-old John Bridge Jr. after local residents petitioned the governor to intervene.
Ray supported free public education in Indiana and as governor proposed the sale of public lands to establish schools and hire qualified educators.
Merrill, an ally of Blackford, made personal attacks on Ray, claiming he was committing fraud and using his public office for personal gain.
Merrill specifically tried to incriminate him for making a secret deal with the Indians when negotiating the treaty in 1826, claiming that he had accepted a bribe from them.
Merrill's charges were ambiguous, lacking considerable detail, but was enough to stir a controversy and give an excuse to Ray's opponents to further again attack.
Ray's supporters included Lewis Cass, governor of the Michigan Territory, who wrote a letter to the Indiana General Assembly on his behalf.
When Ray ran for reelection in 1828, he was approached by pro-Jackson men to join the Jacksonian party, which was just beginning to form in the state.
Ray bargained behind the scenes with leaders in the state legislature for a deal: Ray would reappoint Holman and Scott to the courts and in exchange for Ray's election to the U. S. Senate.
Ray resumed a law practice in Indianapolis after his term as governor ended, but found the business did not meet his expectations.
Ray also lost bids to become Clerk of Marion County and a commissioner of the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1835.
After business ventures in Greencastle failed, Ray moved to Centerville, Indiana, where he established a law firm with a brother and a dry goods business with a nephew.
Ray purchased a home in Indianapolis that was built in 1835 and originally stood on the site where the Marion County Jail now stands.
The home was moved in 1977 and is located within the Lockerbie Square Historic District.Ray's home is believed to be one of the oldest remaining in the city.
His behavior only worsened the situation; he was known to walk with a cane, for appearance only, and stop in the street and write in the air with it for no apparent reason.
Ray fell ill during a trip to Wisconsin in the summer of 1848 and returned to a relative's home in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he died of cholera on August 4, 1848, aged 54.
The Characidae are distinguished from other fish by the presence of a small adipose fin between the dorsal and caudal fins.
Because of the popularity of tetras in the fishkeeping hobby, many unrelated fish are commonly known as tetras, including species from different families.
They ordinarily possess a homocercal caudal fin (a twin-lobed, or forked, tail fin whose upper and lower lobes are of equal size) and a tall dorsal fin characterized by a short connection to the fish's body.
Additionally, tetras possess a long anal fin stretching from a position just posterior of the dorsal fin and ending on the ventral caudal peduncle, and a small, fleshy adipose fin located dorsally between the dorsal and caudal fins.
This adipose fin represents the fourth unpaired fin on the fish (the four unpaired fins are the caudal fin, dorsal fin, anal fin, and adipose fin), lending to the name tetra, which is Greek for four.
Ichthyologists debate the function of the adipose fin, doubting its role in swimming due to its small size and lack of stiffening rays or spines.
Although the list below is sorted by common name, in a number of cases, the common name is applied to different species.
Since the aquarium trade may use a different name for the same species, advanced aquarists tend to use scientific names for the less-common tetras.
The Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art is a museum located on residential Lighthouse Hill in Egbertville, Staten Island, New York City.
The museum was created by Jacques Marchais, (1887-1948) an American woman, to serve as a bridge between the West and the rich ancient and cultural traditions of Tibet and the Himalayan region.
Marchais designed her educational center to be an all-encompassing experience: it was built to resemble a rustic Himalayan monastery with extensive terraced gardens and grounds and a fish and lotus pond.
After a career as a child actress in Chicago she went to Boston and married at age 16, had three children, and divorced in 1910.
After a brief second marriage she moved to New York City, returned to acting, and associated with people who were interested in Eastern religions and Buddhism.
Marchais had never visited Tibet or the Himalayas, but she had a lifelong interest in the region and sought to find a permanent home for her collection.
The museum, its collection and its history in Staten Island has been chronicled in a book by the same name and 60th anniversary exhibition.
The museum has not been able to benefit from the Department of Transportation's initiative to draw traffic to the borough's cultural organizations via a new signage program because it lacks a dedicated parking lot and as such it remains somewhat hidden among New York City's cultural organizations.
BA11 is the part of the orbitofrontal cortex that covers the medial portion of the ventral surface of the frontal lobe.
Prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 is a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the human defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture.
Defined and illustrated in Brodmann-1909, it included the areas subsequently illustrated in Brodmann-10 as prefrontal area 11 and rostral area 12.
As illustrated in Brodmann-10, It constitutes most of the orbital gyri, gyrus rectus and the most rostral portion of the superior frontal gyrus.
Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on the rostral and lateral aspects of the hemisphere by the frontopolar area 10, the orbital area 47, and the triangular area 45; on the medial surface it is bounded dorsally by the rostral area 12 and caudally by the subgenual area 25.
In an earlier map, the area labeled 11, i.e., prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909, was larger; it included the area now designated rostral area 12.
Brodmann area 11 is a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon monkey defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture (Brodmann-1905).
Bajram Rexhepi (3 June 1954 – 21 August 2017), was a Kosovar politician who served as the first elected post-war prime minister and later as interior minister of Kosovo and as a member of the Kosovo Assembly.
Rexhepi spent most of his career working as a surgeon and achieved fame as the best surgeon for circumcisions in the Mitrovica region.
During the 1999 Kosovo War, Rexhepi joined the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and spent three months serving as a field doctor.
He served as mayor of the Albanian section of Mitrovica, working with United Nations and NATO peacekeepers to implement ideas to diminish the civil unrest.
As Serbs and Albanians had broken off all dialogue, Rexhepi offered to give up his position in favour of a UN administrator, but Serbs rejected this proposal.
In the general elections of November 2001 in Kosovo, Rexhepi's party won 25.7 percent of the votes, second only to Ibrahim Rugova's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), and Rexhepi was appointed prime minister by the Assembly of Kosovo on 4 March 2002.
In the following general elections, held on 24 October 2004, the Democratic Party of Kosovo came second and won 30 seats in the parliament.
Ailinglaplap or Ailinglapalap (Marshallese: , ) is a coral atoll of 56 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain in the Marshall Islands.
The four major population centers on Ailinglaplap Atoll are the settlements of Wotja, at the westernmost end of the atoll, Jih in the northeast, and Airek and Bigatjelang in the south.
Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.
Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett, (; 5 June 188427 August 1969) was an English novelist, published in the original editions as I. Compton-Burnett.
James Compton-Burnett's father, Charles, was an itinerant farm labourer – among other places at Redlynch, near Salisbury, where his son was born – who later settled at French Street, in a poor area of Southampton, and went into business as a corn and coal dealer, later living at Millbrook, outside Southampton, and working as a dairyman.
She attended Addiscombe College, Hove, in 1898–1901, then boarded for two terms in 1901–1902 at Howard College, Bedford, before embarking on a university degree in Classics at Royal Holloway College, University of London.
Four of Ivy's sisters rebelled against home life in 1915 and moved up to London to live in a flat with the pianist Myra Hess.
Ivy successfully managed the family trust, consisting of both parents' estates and largely taking the form of tenanted property, after her mother's death.
I was educated with my brothers in the country as a child, and later went to Holloway College, and took a degree in Classics.
I lived with my family when I was quite young but for most of my life have had my own flat in London.
Compton-Burnett spent much of her life as a companion to Margaret Jourdain (1876–1951), a leading authority and writer on the decorative arts and the history of furniture, who shared the author's Kensington flat from 1919.
The description of human weaknesses and foibles of all sorts pervades her work, and the family that emerges from each of her novels must be seen as dysfunctional in one way or another, with parents struggling with children, or sibling rivalries producing malicious, if covert, power struggles.
Her fiction relies heavily on formal dialogue (in strong contrast to the often melodramatic plots), and demands constant attention on the reader's part: there are instances in her work where important information is casually mentioned in a half sentence, and her use of punctuation is deliberately perfunctory.
Founded as a railway station on the line from Cape Town to Stellenbosch and Strand, it was renamed Bellville in 1861 after the surveyor-general Charles Bell.
The Karl Bremer Hospital Hospital functioned as the Academic Hospital for the University of Stellenbosch Medical School, but now the adjacent Tygerberg Hospital houses the medical school.
The Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University of the Western Cape, University of Stellenbosch Business School and Northlink College are also situated in Bellville.
Malan High School, Bellville High School, Westcliff School of Skills, The Settlers High School and Stellenberg High School are located in the area.
The Bellville Velodrome has an indoor cycling track and is next to the Bellville athletics track that used to host the annual MTBS athletics competition.
The town was a constituency in the Cape Peninsula, Cape Town, Cape Province in the South African House of Assembly starting in 1933.
Arno Atoll (Marshallese: , ) is a coral atoll of 133 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands.
Unlike most other atolls, Arno encloses three different lagoons, a large central one, and two smaller ones in the north and east.
At a distance of only , it is the closest atoll to the Marshall Islands capital, Majuro Atoll, and can be seen looking east from Majuro on a clear day at low tide.
People of Arno are well known for their productivity in making copra (the dried out meat of coconuts, from which coconut oil is extracted).
Arno women are renowned for their production of the Kili Bag, a popular handwoven handbag/purse, named after another island in the Marshall Islands (to which the people of Bikini were eventually relocated as a result of the US nuclear tests that were conducted on their home atoll).
Following the end of World War II, Arno Atoll came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260.
At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, part of modern Dagestan, part of modern Tajikistan, and the northwestern edge of the Indian subcontinent.
According to the historian Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Kublai Khan granted Hulagu (Hülegü) the title of Ilkhan after his defeat of Ariq Böke.
When Muhammad II of Khwarazm executed a contingent of merchants dispatched by the Mongols, Genghis Khan declared war on the Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty in 1219.
During the Mongol expedition, Azerbaijan and the southern Persian dynasties in Fars and Kerman voluntarily submitted to the Mongols and agreed to pay tribute.
By 1237 the Mongol Empire had subjugated most of Persia (including modern-day Azerbaijan), Armenia, Georgia (excluding Abbasid Iraq and Ismaili strongholds), as well as all of Afghanistan and Kashmir.
After the battle of Köse Dağ in 1243, the Mongols under Baiju occupied Anatolia, while the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and the Empire of Trebizond became vassals of the Mongols.
In accordance with a complaint by the governor Arghun the Elder (Arghun agha), Möngke Khan prohibited ortog-merchants and nobles from abusing relay stations and civilians in 1251.
He ordered a new census and decreed that each man in the Mongol-ruled Middle East must pay in proportion to his property.
Möngke Khan granted the Kartids authority over Herat, Jam, Pushang (Fushanj), Ghor, Khaysar, Firuz-Kuh, Gharjistan, Farah, Sistan, Kabul, Tirah, and Afghanistan.
Hulagu Khan, third son of Tolui, grandson of Genghis Khan, and brother of both Möngke Khan and Kublai Khan, was the first khan of the Ilkhanate.
Immediately after his brother Möngke's accession as Great Khan in 1251, Hulagu was appointed as administrator of North China, however in the following year, North China was assigned to Kublai and Hulagu tasked with conquering the Abbasid Caliphate.
He was given a fifth of the entire Mongol army for the campaign and he took his sons Abaqa and Yoshmut along with him.
Hulagu also took with him many Chinese scholars and astronomers, from whom the famous Persian astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi learned about the mode of the Chinese calculating tables.
He left a small force of around 10,000 behind in Palestine that was defeated at the battle of Ain Jalut by the Mamluks of Egypt.
Due to the suspicious deaths of three Jochid princes in Hulagu's service, Berke of the Golden Horde declared war on Hulagu in 1262.
The Ilkhanid army then crossed the Terek River, capturing an empty Jochid encampment, only to be routed in a surprise attack by Nogai's forces.
During his early rule, the Ilkhanate experienced mass revolts by its subjects, with the exception of the Seljukids and Artuqids in Anatolia and Mardin.
It was not until Shams al-Din Juvayni was appointed as vizier after 1262 that things started calming down and a more sustainable administration was implemented.
Upon Abaqa's accession, he immediately faced an invasion by Berke of the Golden Horde, which ended with Berke's death in Tiflis.
Abaqa's death in 1282 triggered a succession struggle between his son Arghun, supported by the Qara'unas, and his brother Tekuder, supported by the Chinggisid aristocracy.
Tekuder was the first Muslim ruler of the Ilkhanate but he made no active attempt to proselytize or convert his realm.
However he did try to replace Mongol political traditions with Islamic ones, resulting in a loss of support from the army.
During Arghun's reign, he actively sought to combat Muslim influence, and fought against both the Mamluks and the Muslim Mongol emir Nawruz in Khorasan.
To fund his campaigns, Arghun allowed his viziers Buqa and Sa'd-ud-dawla to centralize expenditures, but this was highly unpopular and caused his former supporters to turn against him.
His vizir Sadr-ud-Din Zanjani tried to bolster the state finances by adopting paper money from the Yuan dynasty, which ended horribly.
Hulagu's descendants ruled Persia for the next eighty years, tolerating multiple religions, including Shamanism, Buddhism, and Christianity, and ultimately adopting Islam as a state religion in 1295.
The Ilkhans launched several invasions of Syria, but were never able to gain and keep significant ground against the Mamluks, eventually being forced to give up their plans to conquer Syria, along with their stranglehold over their vassals the Sultanate of Rum and the Armenian kingdom in Cilicia.
This was in large part due to civil war in the Mongol Empire and the hostility of the khanates to the north and east.
Even under Hulagu's reign, the Ilkhanate was engaged in open warfare in the Caucasus with the Mongols in the Russian steppes.
On the other hand, the China-based Yuan Dynasty was an ally of the Ikhanate and also held nominal suzerainty over the latter (the Emperor being also Great Khan) for many decades.
Ghazan gave Buddhists the starker choice of conversion or expulsion and ordered their temples to be destroyed; though he later relaxed this severity.
In terms of foreign relations, the Ilkhanate's conversion to Islam had little to no effect on its hostility towards other Muslim states, and conflict with the Mamluks for control of Syria continued.
The Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar, the only major victory by the Mongols over the Mamluks, ended the latter's control over Syria for a few months.
For the most part, Ghazan's policies continued under his brother Öljeitü despite suggestions that he might begin to favor the Shi'a brand of Islam after he came under the influence of Shi'a theologians Al-Hilli and Maitham Al Bahrani.
Öljeitü, who had been baptised as an infant, had flirted with Buddhism, became a Hanafi Sunni, though he still retained some residual shamanism.
Some of the Buddhists who survived Ghazan's assaults made an unsuccessful attempt to bring Öljeitü back into Dharma, showing they were active in the realm for more than 50 years.
Öljeitü's historian Qāshāni records that Qutlugh-Shah, after losing patience with a dispute between Hanafis and Shafi'is, expressed his view that Islam should be abandoned and Mongols should return to the ways of Genghis Khan.
He was faced with rebellion in 1318 by the Chagatayids and Qara'unas in Khorasan, and an invasion by the Golden Horde at the same time.
Under the influence of Chupan, the Ilkhanate made peace with the Chagatais, who helped them crush the Chagatayid revolt, and the Mamluks.
In the 1330s, outbreaks of the Black Death ravaged the Ilkhanate and both Abu-Sai'd and his sons were killed by 1335 by the plague.
In 1357, Jani Beg of the Golden Horde conquered Chupanid-held Tabriz for a year, putting an end to the Ilkhanate remnant.
The courts of Western Europe made many attempts to form an alliance with the Mongols, primarily with the Ilkhanate, in the 13th and 14th centuries, starting from around the time of the Seventh Crusade (West Europeans were collectively called Franks by Muslims and Asians in the era of the Crusades).
United in their opposition to the Muslims (primarily the Mamluks), the Ilkhanate and the Europeans were nevertheless unable to satisfactorily combine their forces against their common enemy.
The Mongols administered Iraq, the Caucasus, and western and southern Iran directly with the exception of Georgia, the Artuqid sultan of Mardin, and Kufa and Luristan.
Anatolia was the richest province of the Ilkhanate, supplying a quarter of its revenue while Iraq and Diyarbakir together supplied about 35 percent of its revenue.
However, tribute received by the Il-Khans from Georgia sank by about three-quarters between 1336 and 1350 because of wars and famines.
The dragon clothing of Imperial China was used by the Ilkhanids, the Chinese Huangdi (Emperor) title was used by the Ilkhanids due to heavy clout upon the Mongols of the Chinese system of politics.
Seals with Chinese characters were created by the Ilkhanids themselves besides the seals they received from the Yuan dynasty which contain references to a Chinese government organization.
The Ilkhanate also helped to pave the way for the later Safavid dynastic state, and ultimately the modern country of Iran.
This accounting system was adopted primarily as the result of socio-economic necessities created by the agricultural and fiscal reforms of Ghazan Khan in 1295-1304.
When he returned during the Islamic Revolution in 1979, he could not regain his previous position and died in 1984 as the last Ilkhan of the Qashqai.
Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. (born February 4, 1938) is an American politician, author and businessman from Michigan, who served for five terms as a Representative and for three terms as a Senator in the U.S. Congress.
He attended Flint Junior College (now Mott Community College) and Western Michigan University, graduated with a B.A in business administration and economics from the University of Michigan, Flint in 1960, and received an M.B.A. in finance from Michigan State University in 1961.
He completed required course work for doctoral studies in business and government relations at Harvard Business School, 1964 to 1966 before he left to run for Congress.
In 1966, Riegle, then 28 years old and a moderate Republican, defeated incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative John C. Mackie, to be elected from Michigan's 7th congressional district to the 90th Congress.
In 1973, Riegle changed party affiliation to become a Democrat over differences with the Nixon-Agnew Administration regarding the Vietnam War and the southern strategy.
He did not run for reelection to the House in 1976, but announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate to succeed retiring Senator Philip Hart and defeated Michigan Secretary of State Richard H. Austin and fellow Congressman James G. O'Hara in the Democratic primary.
On December 30, 1976, before the new term began, Riegle resigned from the House and was appointed by the Governor to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Hart for the term ending January 3, 1977.
He was reelected to the Senate in 1982 and again in 1988, this time with the largest Democratic vote in the history of the state.
FIRREA put controls on state-chartered thrifts, stopped excessive risk taking by savings and loans, limited brokered deposits, banned junk bond investments, and set new capital requirements for savings and loans.
The legislation also provided increased consumer protections for high rate home equity loans, contained measures to increase credit availability to small businesses, streamline the regulation of depository institutions, and reform the National Flood Insurance Program.
The resulting investigative report to the Senate detailed at least three occasions on which U. S. military forces came into contact with chemical warfare agents that may have led to the development of Gulf War syndrome and that at least some of those biological agents (weapons of mass destruction) had been provided to Saddam Hussein by the US.
Commonly referred to as the Riegle Report to the U.S. Senate, the report called for further government investigation and recourse for war veterans suffering from Gulf War syndrome.
Riegle was widely noted as a member of the Keating Five in a banking and political contribution ethics investigation during the 1980s which grew out of the U.S. Savings and Loan Crisis.
There, he was instrumental in building the company's government affairs practice and played an important part in the procurement of Powell Tate, a government affairs firm that is now owned by Weber Shandwick and still operating in Washington D.C., under its independent brand.
The book provides an inside look at the workings of Congress, Riegle's opposition to the Vietnam War, and his break with the Nixon White House.
A consultant is usually an expert or an experienced professional in a specific field and has a wide knowledge of the subject matter.
By hiring a consultant, clients have access to deeper levels of expertise than would be financially feasible for them to retain in-house on a long-term basis.
Moreover, clients can control their expenditures on consulting services by only purchasing as much services from the outside consultant as desired.
Depending on the nature of the consulting services and the wishes of the client, the advice from the consultant may be made public, by placing the report or presentation online, or the advice may be kept confidential, and only given to the senior executives of the organization paying for the consulting services.
A consultant or temp is engaged to fulfill a brief in terms of helping to find solutions to specific issues but the ways in which that is to be done generally falls to the consultant to decide.
An information systems or project management consultant is also referred as just a consultant who manages constraints such as budget and resources agreed with the client.
An external consultant, on the other hand is normally fulfilling a non-employee role that usually exists within the organization and is helping to bridge a gap caused by staffing shortages, skills and expertise.
There is, however, a hybrid form where a consultant may be hired as an interim manager or executive, bringing a combination of specialist expertise to bear on a role that is temporarily vacant (usually at a senior level).
A second difference is that temp is generally used for labor-oriented work whereas an external consultant is generally used for service-oriented work.
In most cases, however, employees of a company titled as consultants are those that work with the clients of that company and are external to the client.
A manager at the client company, to whom the consultant or temp reports, does not have direct authority or responsibility over the outcome of the consultant's work because they are external and are providing a service to that company.
As long they are external to the company/team they are consultants, but as soon as they join the company/team they become employees/team members and are given job titles based on their skills.
Some consultants are employed indirectly by the client via a consultancy staffing company, a company that provides consultants on an agency basis.
Though most of the back-office research and analysis occurs at the consultants' offices or home-offices, in the case of smaller consulting firms, consultants typically work at the site of the client for at least some of the time.
By spending time at the client's organization, the consultant is able to observe work processes, interview workers, managers, executives, board members, or other individuals, and study how the organization operates.
The governing factor on where a consultant works tends to be the amount of interaction required with other employees of the client.
If a management consultant is providing advice to a software firm that is struggling with employee morale, absenteeism and issues with managers and senior engineers leaving the firm, the consultant will probably spend a good deal of time at the client's office, interviewing staff, engineers, managers and executives, and observing work processes.
On the other hand, a legal consultant asked to provide advice on a specific property law issue might only have a few meetings at the client's office, and conduct the majority of his work at the consultant's office and in legal libraries.
This means that many consultants have become much more flexible in where they can work and the nature of their work.
There is no single qualification to becoming a consultant, other than those laid down in relation to medical, psychological and engineering personnel who have attained this level-degree in it or professional licenses.
In some fields, a consultant may be required to hold certain professional licenses (e.g., a civil engineer providing consulting on a bridge project may have to be a professional engineer).
The key difference is that a consultant never makes decisions for the individual or group, whereas a surrogate manager does make decisions.
They were intended to imitate the intimate essence of nature, not its actual appearance, and to serve as an aid to meditation about the true meaning of existence.
They were largely copied from the Chinese gardens of the Song Dynasty (960–1279), where groups of rocks symbolized Mount Penglai, the legendary mountain-island home of the Eight Immortals in Chinese mythology, known in Japanese as Horai.
This kind of garden featured either rocks placed upright like mountains, or laid out in a miniature landscape of hills and ravines, with few plants.
He described several other styles of rock garden, which usually included a stream or pond, including the great river style, the mountain river style, and the marsh style.
The ocean style featured rocks that appeared to have been eroded by waves, surrounded by a bank of white sand, like a beach.
The Muromachi period in Japan, which took place at roughly the same time as the Renaissance in Europe, was characterized by political rivalries which frequently led to wars, but also by an extraordinary flourishing of Japanese culture.
Zen Buddhism was introduced into Japan at the end of the 12th century, and quickly achieved a wide following, particularly among the Samurai class and war lords, who admired its doctrine of self-discipline.
The Buddhist monk and zen master Musō Kokushi transformed a Buddhist temple into a zen monastery in 1334, and built the gardens.
The moss which now surrounds the rocks and represents water, was not part of the original garden plan; it grew several centuries later when the garden was left untended, but now is the most famous feature of the garden.
This garden appears to have been strongly influenced by Chinese landscape painting of the Song Dynasty, which feature mountains rising in the mist, and a suggestion of great depth and height.
The garden at Tenryū-ji has a real pond with water and a dry waterfall of rocks looking like a Chinese landscape.
This temple garden included a traditional pond garden, but it had a new feature for a Japanese garden; an area of raked white gravel with a perfectly shaped mountain of white gravel, resembling Mount Fuji, in the center.
The most famous of all zen gardens in Kyoto is Ryōan-ji, built in the late 15th century where for the first time the zen garden became purely abstract.
Placed within it are fifteen stones of different sizes, carefully composed in five groups; one group of five stones, two groups of three, and two groups of two stones.
Japanese painters such as Sesshū Tōyō (1420–1506) and Soami (died 1525) greatly simplified their views of nature, showing only the most essential aspects of nature, leaving great areas of white around the black and gray drawings.
Soami is said to have been personally involved in the design of two of the most famous zen gardens in Kyoto, Ryōan-ji and Daisen-in, though his involvement has never been documented with certainty.
During the Edo period, the large promenade garden became the dominant style of Japanese garden, but zen gardens continued to exist at zen temples.
A few small new rock gardens were built, usually as part of a garden where a real stream or pond was not practical.
In 1880, the buildings of Tōfuku-ji temple in Kyoto, one of the oldest temples in the city, were destroyed by a fire.
It laid out very specific rules for choice and the placement of stones, and warned that if the rules were not followed the owner of the garden would suffer misfortune.
In Chinese gardens of the Song dynasty, individual rocks which looked like animals or had other unusual features were often the star attraction of the garden.
Make sure that all the stones, right down to the front of the arrangement, are placed with their best sides showing.
Other basic combinations are a tall vertical rock with a reclining rock; a short vertical rock and a flat rock; and a triad of a tall vertical rock, a reclining rock and a flat rock.
Other important principles are to choose rocks which vary in color, shape and size, to avoid rocks with bright colors which might distract the viewer, and make certain that the grains of rocks run in the same direction.
The act of raking the gravel into a pattern recalling waves or rippling water, known as or , has an aesthetic function.
Rakes are according to the patterns of ridges as desired and limited to some of the stone objects situated within the gravel area.
Stone arrangements and other miniature elements are used to represent mountains and natural water elements and scenes, islands, rivers and waterfalls.
Shirakawa, which is a black-speckled granite from Kyoto, Japan, was prized for its ability to hold raked grooves and was previously used in Oregon's Japanese Garden.
Oregon's Japanese Garden has subsequently been forced to look for alternative sources of gravel with similar properties, and has experimented with granite chips from Canadian quarries.
In the Japanese rock garden, rocks sometimes symbolize mountains (particularly Horai, the legendary home of the Eight Immortals in Buddhist mythology); or they can be boats or a living creature (usually a turtle, or a carp).
That is why it is said that it is because of stones that a mountain is sure, and thanks to his subjects that an emperor is secure.
It is for this reason that, when you construct a landscape, you must at all cost place rocks around the mountain.
Some classical zen gardens, like Daisen-in, have symbolism that can be easily read; it is a metaphorical journey on the river of life.
Many different theories have been put forward about what the garden is supposed to represent, from islands in a stream to swimming baby tigers to the peaks of mountains rising above the clouds to theories about secrets of geometry or of the rules of equilibrium of odd numbers.
A recent suggestion by Gert van Tonder of Kyoto University and Michael Lyons of Ritsumeikan University is that the rocks of Ryōan-ji form the subliminal image of a tree.
Chinese landscape painting was one of the many Chinese arts that came to Japan with Zen Buddhism in the fourteenth century.
That the Buddhism of Zen influenced garden design was first suggested not in Japan, but in the West by a Hawaiian garden journalist Loraine Kuck in the 1930s and disputed as such by a scholar of Japanese garden history, Wybe Kuitert in 1988.
Secondary writers on the Japanese garden like Keane and Nitschke, who were associating with Kuitert when he was working on his research at the Kyoto University joined the Zen garden critique, like Kendall H. Brown, who took a similar distance from the Zen garden.
In Japan the critique was taken over by Yamada Shouji who took a critical stance to the understanding of all Japanese culture, including gardens, under the nominator of Zen.
Christian Tagsold summarized the discussion by placing perceptions of the Japanese garden in the context of an interdisciplinary comparison of cultures of Japan and the West.
Zen priests quote from Chinese treatises on landscape painting indicating that the Japanese rock garden, and its karesansui garden scenery was and still is inspired by or based on first Chinese and later also Japanese landscape painting.
Though each garden is different in its composition, they mostly use rock groupings and shrubs to represent a classic scene of mountains, valleys and waterfalls taken from Chinese landscape painting.
The fact that Edwin, a son of Ælla and possibly Æthelric's brother, had to flee into exile suggests that Deira may have been conquered by Æthelfrith, and in this case Æthelric may have been killed during warfare.
Æthelfrith ruled both Deira and Bernicia, the two components of Northumbria, until he was killed in battle and the Deiran line was restored for a time under Edwin.
They are for modules what Artinian rings are for rings, and a ring is Artinian if and only if it is an Artinian module over itself (with left or right multiplication).
In the presence of the axiom of choice, the descending chain condition becomes equivalent to the minimum condition, and so that may be used in the definition instead.
For noncommutative rings this distinction is necessary, because it is possible for a ring to be Artinian on one side only.
The Artinian condition can be defined on bimodule structures as well: an Artinian bimodule is a bimodule whose poset of sub-bimodules satisfies the descending chain condition.
It may happen, however, that a bimodule is Artinian without its left or right structures being Artinian, as the following example will show.
Yet every descending chain of (without loss of generality) proper submodules terminates: Each such chain has the form formula_8 for some integers formula_9, and the inclusion of formula_10 implies that formula_11 must divide formula_12.
Over a commutative ring, every cyclic Artinian module is also Noetherian, but over noncommutative rings cyclic Artinian modules can have uncountable length as shown in the article of Hartley and summarized nicely in the Paul Cohn article dedicated to Hartley's memory.
Another relevant result is the Akizuki–Hopkins–Levitzki theorem, which states that the Artinian and Noetherian conditions are equivalent for modules over a semiprimary ring.
In democracies, large proportions of the population are provided the means either to make decisions themselves or to elect representatives to make those decisions instead.
Significant in most vote-based democracies are political parties: groups of people with similar ideas about how a country or region should be governed.
Some historical examples of oligarchy are the Roman Republic, in which only males of the nobility could run for office and only wealthy males could vote, and the Athenian democracy, which used sortition to elect candidates, almost always male, Greek, educated citizens holding a minimum of land, wealth and status.
Autocracies are ruled by a single entity with absolute power, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regular mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for implicit threat).
That entity may be an individual, as in a dictatorship or it may be a group, as in a one-party state.
Regardless of the form of government, the actual governance may be influenced by sectors with political power which are not part of the formal government.
These are terms that highlight certain actions of the governors, such as corruption, demagoguery, or fear mongering that may disrupt the intended way of working of the government if they are widespread enough.
Countries with monarchy attributes are those where a family or group of families (rarely another type of group), called the royalty, represents national identity, with power traditionally assigned to one of its individuals, called the monarch, who mostly rule kingdoms.
The actual role of the monarch and other members of royalty varies from purely symbolical (crowned republic) to partial and restricted (constitutional monarchy) to completely despotic (absolute monarchy).
Traditionally and in most cases, the post of the monarch is inherited, but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected.
Rule by a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people.
Montesquieu included both democracies, where all the people have a share in rule, and aristocracies or oligarchies, where only some of the people rule, as republican forms of government.
Experience with those movements in power and the strong ties they may have to particular forms of government can cause them to be considered as forms of government in themselves.
This list focuses on differing approaches that political systems take to the distribution of sovereignty, and the autonomy of regions within the state.
In mathematics, a pyramid number, or square pyramidal number, is a figurate number that represents the number of stacked spheres in a pyramid with a square base.
The Ehrhart polynomial of a polyhedron is a polynomial that counts the number of integer points in a copy of that is expanded by multiplying all its coordinates by the number .
The Ehrhart polynomial of a pyramid whose base is a unit square with integer coordinates, and whose apex is an integer point at height one above the base plane, is .
In the branch of mathematics known as topology, the specialization (or canonical) preorder is a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space.
For most spaces that are considered in practice, namely for all those that satisfy the T separation axiom, this preorder is even a partial order (called the specialization order).
The usage is consistent with the classical logical notions of genus and species; and also with the traditional use of generic points in algebraic geometry, in which closed points are the most specific, while a generic point of a space is one contained in every nonempty open subset.
The intuition of upper elements being more specific is typically found in domain theory, a branch of order theory that has ample applications in computer science.
In fact, a topological space is an Alexandrov-discrete space if and only if every upper set is also open (or equivalently every lower set is also closed).
In the language of category theory, we then have a functor from the category of topological spaces to the category of preordered sets which assigns a topological space its specialization preorder.
A topology is order consistent with respect to a certain order ≤ if it induces ≤ as its specialization order and it has the above property of inaccessibility with respect to (existing) suprema of directed sets in ≤.
The finest sober topology that is order consistent in the above sense for a given order ≤ is the Scott topology.
Yet, such a space may fail to exist, that is, there exist partial orders for which there is no sober order consistent topology.
A pentagonal pyramidal number is a figurate number that represents the number of objects in a pyramid with a pentagonal base.
1, 6, 18, 40, 75, 126, 196, 288, 405, 550, 726, 936, 1183, 1470, 1800, 2176, 2601, 3078, 3610, 4200, 4851, 5566, 6348, 7200, 8125, 9126 .
It has long dropping dark scapulars, and its grey sides are set off on the front and rear with white bars.
The female looks similar to a female green-winged teal but with a longer tail, and a distinctive white spot at the base of the bill and a white throat that angles to the back of the eye.
The juvenile has a plumage similar to that of the female and can be distinguished from the Common Teal by the pale loral spot.
It breeds within the forest zone of eastern Siberia from the Yenisey basin eastwards to Kamchatka, northern Koryak, eastern Magadan Oblast, northern Khabarovsk Krai, southeastern and northern Sakha east central Irkutsk Oblast, and northern Krasnoyarsk Krai.
It is a migratory species, wintering in South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, northern and eastern China, from Beijing down the coast to the Vietnam border, and west to Yunnan then north to Chongqing and Henan.
This species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, though it was classified as Vulnerable before 2011 due to hunting and destruction of its wintering wetland habitats.
These threats remain, but the Baikal teal is recovering, with increased numbers of wintering birds and some increase in habitat area.
Based on the numbers of Baikal teal counted wintering in South Korea, the global population is estimated to be around 1.07 million individual adults around 2010, a major increase from the tens of thousands counted in the 1980s and few hundreds of thousands in the 2000s.
The Society advocates the replacement of the first-past-the-post and plurality-at-large voting systems with a proportional voting system, the single transferable vote.
First-past-the-post is currently used for elections to the House of Commons and for most local elections in England and Wales, while plurality-at-large is used in multi-member council wards in England and Wales, and was historically used in the multi-member parliamentary constituencies before their abolition.
It also campaigns for improvements to public elections and representative democracy, and is a regular commentator on all aspects of representation, public participation and democratic governance in the United Kingdom.
By the end of the year the Society had attracted the support of 184 Members of Parliament, split almost equally between Conservatives and Liberals.
The initial aim of the Society was to have proportional representation included in the terms of the Representation of the People Act 1884 and the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, but, despite a determined campaign of political lobbying, it was unable to do so.
Alongside its sister organisation, Proportional Representation Society of Ireland, the Society succeeded in getting STV introduced in local and then national elections in Ireland, and in numerous religious, educational and professional organisations.
In 1973 STV was introduced in Northern Ireland for elections to local councils and to the new Northern Ireland Assembly, and the Society and its staff were called upon to advise in the programme of education set up by the government to raise public awareness.
In 1983 the Society was recognised by the United Nations Economic and Social Council as a Non-Governmental Organisation with Consultative Status.
The Society has campaigned successfully for the introduction of STV for local elections in Scotland, and led the call for a referendum on the voting system in the wake of the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal as part of the Vote for a Change campaign.
In 2012, the Society criticised Government handling of its policy of elected Police and Crime Commissioners - which led to the lowest turnout in British peacetime history.
In August 2012 the Society predicted turnout could be as low as 18.5% and outlined steps to salvage the elections, mobilising support from both candidates and voters.
Electoral Commission sources estimated as many as 10 million voters could disappear from the electoral roll under government plans, predominantly poor, young or black, and more liable to vote Labour.
In a 2014 report the society recommended several ways to make the European Union more accountable and argues that there is a democratic deficit.
These included: better scrutiny of EU legislation by the British parliament, a voting system which gives voters more influence over individual candidates (e.g.
In August 2016 the Society published a highly critical report on the referendum and called for a review of how future events are run.
Katie Ghose noted a generally negative response to establishment figures with 29% of voters saying David Cameron (a Remain supporter) made them more likely to vote leave whilst only 14% said he made them want to vote remain.
Looking ahead, the society called for an official organisation to highlight misleading claims and for Ofcom to define the role of broadcasters are expected to play.
Their report states that 170 seats are being held by men first elected in 2005 or before – with few opportunities for women to take those seats or selections.
As a guerrilla leader in the late 1970s and early 1980s, he was a member of the group that brought five opposition forces together to found the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN).
Following the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords in 1992, the FMLN converted itself from a guerrilla army into a political party, and Handal served as its general coordinator.
In 1997, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly, serving as the leader of the FMLN's party bloc in the legislature.
He was the FMLN's candidate in El Salvador's 2004 presidential election, held on March 21, running on a leftist platform that called for a friendly relationship with the United States (according to his own pamphlet for the campaign), renegotiation of free trade treaties and a closer relationship with socialist-oriented countries in Latin America, including Cuba, Venezuela and more liberal Brazil.
Opponents accused Handal of exploiting anti-American sentiment while FMLN supporters accused the United States of corrupting the electoral process, because several high-ranking U.S. officials stated that American relations with El Salvador would be seriously threatened if Handal won the elections.
Handal was defeated by the candidate of the ruling conservative ARENA party, Antonio Saca, who was also of Palestinian descent, by a margin of 58% to 36%.
He fainted at Comalapa Airport upon his return from Bolivia where he had attended the inauguration ceremony of President Evo Morales; he was flown by helicopter to a San Salvador hospital but doctors were unable to revive him.
Roberts also seemed to be assigned to recap almost every game the Tampa Bay Buccaneers played between 1990 and 1992, when the Bucs were fielding some of the worst teams in NFL history.
A common non-dramatic play that would be shown would be a game-clinching first down while a team was running out the clock.
During the highlights for the Bears-49ers matchup in 2000, when Terrell Owens broke an NFL record by catching 20 passes in a game (since broken by Brandon Marshall), all 20 of Owens's receptions were shown.
For the highlights of the Buccaneers-Dolphins game in 2000, a contest marred by heavy rains which came down to the final minute, a play where Bucs running back Warrick Dunn broke a tackle in his own end zone to avoid a safety was shown to demonstrate it as one of the biggest plays contributing to the Bucs's victory.
Highlights were generally shown in a relatively chronological order, with the 1:00 games shown first and the 4:00/4:15 games shown near the end of the program.
However, on some occasions (particularly in Week 17 when teams would be making their final push for the playoffs), the highlights would be presented less chronologically.
For Week 17 games, the highlights would instead be sorted by conference, with teams competing against each other for a playoff spot or a division title shown back-to-back.
Probably the show's most notable occurrence with this scenario came in Week 17 of the 1999 season, when the Packers and Panthers tied in overall record, division record, conference record, and common opponent record, meaning that a spot involving the two teams would come down to point differential.
As a result, both teams ran up the score against their opponents in their final games in order to try to outscore the other team in the race.
For this scenario, the Cardinals-Packers and the Saints-Panthers highlights were shown simultaneously, with scoring by the teams in both games shown chronologically while a graphic would be shown featuring which team was leading at the time based on point differential.
At the turn of the millennium, a fan vote for that week's primetime player would also be conducted for the show on ESPN's website.
A staple of the show was the various FirstCom Music instrumental pieces that played in the background during the highlights, while Berman and Jackson recapped each game.
In 2000, when the Ravens scored a touchdown after having failed to score one in their previous five games, the music was briefly interrupted with celebratory music (as well as firework displays and other celebratory images being shown over the game tape where the Ravens were celebrating their touchdown) before returning to the standard FirstCom theme for the remainder of the highlights.
On some occasions where a serious injury or other tragic event occurred, the music would be played at a noticeably softer volume than usual, or would be muted entirely until the highlight resumed.
After then-Colts head coach Tony Dungy's son James committed suicide in 2005, the highlights for the Colts's first game after his death began with silence while tributes taking place during the game were shown, with the music only playing for the actual game itself.
This is the only version of the show to actually be in primetime, albeit only on the West Coast at 10:00 p.m. PT or slightly later.
Both versions show highlights, but for a shorter period of time than on the older program and with more extended analysis segments.
On December 24, 2011 during week 16 of the 2011 NFL season, ESPN aired Primetime in its classic timeslot and format, with Chris Berman and Tom Jackson recapping the action.
This was due to the weekend's NFL games being played on Saturday of that weekend, and with the NBC contract running for Sunday's only, ESPN its first original Primetime in 6 years.
ESPN has not used the NFL name or logo in the official segment name or in advertising, leading to unconfirmed rumors of not being given permission to do so by the league.
In addition to highlights, the network has extended additional game statistics, standings, and leaderboards on the right-hand portion of the screen.
The neuroscience of religion, also known as neurotheology and as spiritual neuroscience, attempts to explain religious experience and behaviour in neuroscientific terms.
Proponents of the neuroscience of religion say there is a neurological and evolutionary basis for subjective experiences traditionally categorized as spiritual or religious.
According to McKinney's theory, pre-frontal development, in humans, creates an illusion of chronological time as a fundamental part of normal adult cognition past the age of three.
The experience of death as a peaceful regression into timelessness as the brain dies won praise from readers as varied as author Arthur C. Clarke, eminent theologian Harvey Cox, and the Dalai Lama and sparked a new interest in the field.
With no information from the senses arriving, the left orientation area cannot find any boundary between the self and the world.
The radical Catholic theologian Eugen Drewermann developed a two-volume critique of traditional conceptions of God and the soul and a reinterpretation of religion (Modern Neurology and the Question of God) based on current neuroscientific research.
Furthermore, it has been suggested that creating a separate category for this kind of research is moot since conventional Behavioural and Social Neurosciences disciplines can handle any empirical investigation of this nature.
In 1969, British biologist Alister Hardy founded a Religious Experience Research Centre at Oxford after retiring from his post as Linacre Professor of Zoology.
Participants were often graduate students who knew what sort of results to expect, and there was the risk that the experimenters' expectations would be transmitted to subjects by unconscious cues.
The participants were frequently given an idea of the purpose of the study by being asked to fill in questionnaires designed to test their suggestibility to paranormal experiences before the trials were conducted.
failed to replicate Persinger's experiments double-blinded, and concluded that the presence or absence of the magnetic field had no relationship with any religious or spiritual experience reported by the participants, but was predicted entirely by their suggestibility and personality traits.
One experiment with a commercial version of the God helmet found no difference in response to graphic images whether the device was on or off.
The first researcher to note and catalog the abnormal experiences associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was neurologist Norman Geschwind, who noted a set of religious behavioral traits associated with TLE seizures.
These include hypergraphia, hyperreligiosity, reduced sexual interest, fainting spells, and pedantism, often collectively ascribed to a condition known as Geschwind syndrome.
Vilayanur S. Ramachandran explored the neural basis of the hyperreligiosity seen in TLE using the galvanic skin response (GSR), which correlates with emotional arousal, to determine whether the hyperreligiosity seen in TLE was due to an overall heightened emotional state or was specific to religious stimuli.
Ramachandran was able to show that patients with TLE showed enhanced emotional responses to the religious words, diminished responses to the sexually charged words, and normal responses to the neutral words.
Research by Mario Beauregard at the University of Montreal, using fMRI on Carmelite nuns, has purported to show that religious and spiritual experiences include several brain regions and not a single 'God spot'.
Deathlok (also referred to as Deathlok the Demolisher) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
He was the second Deathlok to be created in the modern era and also the second to be created for the traditional Marvel Universe.
This second Deathlok went on to a 34-issue series cover-dated July 1991 to April 1994, plus two summer annuals in 1992 and 1993.
Colonel Luther Manning is an American soldier from Detroit, Michigan, who, after being fatally injured, is reanimated in a post-apocalyptic future (originally given the date of 1990) only to discover that what remains of his dead body has been turned into the experimental Deathlok cyborg by Simon Ryker.
He battles the evil corporate and military regimes that have taken over the United States, while simultaneously struggling not to lose his humanity.
He battles Simon Ryker and the first War-Wolf, and encounters his wife and son for the first time after becoming a cyborg.
He begins working for the CIA, encounters Godwulf for the first time, and is then finally sent back in time to the modern era.
He later becomes controlled by Mentallo and the Fixer and is sent to assassinate the President, but is stopped by the Thing and Nick Fury.
Manning remains in his near-future alternate reality, searching for a purpose in life and unable to disconnect himself from the machine bonded to him.
He lives a life of solitude until being apprehended by S.H.I.E.L.D., from which he is later kidnapped by the supervillain Owl and, immobilized, put up for auction as a weapon.
Before a sale can be completed, he is stolen by the crime lord Hood and sent on a kamikaze decoy run.
This version was made for the United States Army by the CIA's Deathlok-program co-head, Harlan Ryker, after studying Luther Manning's cyborg body.
Upon discovery of the Deathlok program he was shot with a sedative by Harlan Ryker and his brain was transplanted into the body of the John Kelly Deathlok Cyborg.
The computer is fully willing to listen to Collins, though he must take care to present his orders in a way that helps fulfill the mission and keep people from dying.
The computer is fully capable of understanding distinct concepts, such as bluffing, as when Collins is forced to pretend to take a hostage.
When Willis' body was later stolen by the cosmic entity known as Epoch, Collins enlisted the aid of the Fantastic Four in retrieving it.
After being maimed in an explosion that killed her mother and brother, Rebecca was rebuilt using the Deathlok technology that her father developed.
Arcade later kidnaps her alongside the students of the Avengers Academy and Braddock Academy and forces them to fight other teenage superhumans in his latest version of Murderworld.
During his duty, he lost a leg in a suicide bomber attack in Kandahar (or was brainwashed into thinking he did), Henry was taken care of by the company Biotek who provided him with a composite fiber prosthesis.
Upon being placed under mind-control, Henry Hayes became Deathlok where he was used as an assassin, a soldier, a killer, a fighter, and an operative.
While at MTA Metro-North station, he tried to engage discussion with another leg amputee and advised him to contact Biotek, as his own prosthesis (plastic ones as it was the only his pension afforded him) forced the man to use crutches.
agent who was present when the Eye of the Watcher exploded, releasing a blast of energy which revealed deep secrets to anyone in its radius.
As Henry Hayes really did not know what Horne was talking about, he threatened to call the authorities forcing the agent to leave after a last congratulations.
After following Seth Horne into the restroom, Deathlok quickly executed him, left, took some medications, and returned to his civilian life heading to the train to join his daughter Aria.
comic book, Jemma Simmons (based on the character from TV show of the same name) became the newest Deathlok, though she has yet to actually take the name.
and given jet boots that allowed him to leap at great heights and his other abilities were perhaps enhanced to greater levels.
He is also able to project his consciousness and sensory projections directly into the Net, making him capable of directly hacking computer systems far more efficiently than a traditional hacker.
He has learned to use internal nano-bots to repair and alter both his organic and inorganic parts, enabling him to appear as either a humanoid cyborg, or completely human.
Collins himself possesses no combat skills, but under computer-guided combat routines, he is an excellent hand-to-hand combatant with an extensive database of combat techniques and strategies.
Collins is an excellent computer programmer with an advanced degree in computer science and prosthetics, and helped construct the Deathlok body, along with other Cybertek scientists including William Hansen, Ben Jacobs, Stanley Cross, Dr. Hu, and Jim Dworman.
Deathlok also possesses a collapsible plasma rifle capable of greater firepower with the same limitations, a supply of fragmentation plasma grenades, and a molybdenum steel knife.
He wears a wrist bracelet that allows Deathlok to override similar cybernetic operating systems, and an adamantium/vibranium alloy shock dampening helmet.
This is smaller than the diameter of a strand of silk (which is approximately one denier), which is itself about 1/5 the diameter of a human hair.
The most common types of microfibers are made from polyesters, polyamides (e.g., nylon, Kevlar, Nomex, trogamide), or a conjugation of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene.
The shape, size, and combinations of synthetic fibers are selected for specific characteristics, including softness, toughness, absorption, water repellency, electrostatics, and filtering capabilities.
Production of ultra-fine fibers (finer than 0.7 denier) dates back to the late 1950s, using melt-blown spinning and flash spinning techniques.
Experiments to produce ultra-fine fibers of a continuous filament type were made subsequently, the most promising of which were run in Japan during the 1960s by Dr. Miyoshi Okamoto, a scientist at Toray Industries.
Among these was Ultrasuede, one of the first successful synthetic microfibers, which found its way onto the market in the 1970s.
Microfibers were first publicized in the early 1990s in Sweden and saw success as a product in Europe over the course of the decade.
Microfiber fabric is frequently used for athletic wear, such as cycling jerseys, because the microfiber material wicks moisture (perspiration) away from the body, keeping the wearer cool and dry.
Microfiber fabric can also be used for making bathrobes, jackets, swim trunks, and other clothing that can be worn for aquatic activities such as swimming.
Microfiber can be made into Ultrasuede, an animal-free imitation suede leather-like product that is cheaper and easier to clean and sew than natural suede leather.
Microfiber is used to make many accessories that traditionally have been made from leather: wallets, handbags, backpacks, book covers, shoes, cell phone cases, and coin purses.
Another advantage of Microfiber fabric (compared to leather) is that it can be coated with various finishes or can be treated with antibacterial chemicals.
It can be either a woven product or a non woven product, the latter most often used in limited use or disposable cloths.
The split fibers and the size of the individual filaments make the cloths more effective than other fabrics for cleaning purposes.
Unlike cotton, microfiber leaves no lint, the exception being some micro suede blends, where the surface is mechanically processed to produce a soft plush feel.
For microfiber to be most effective as a cleaning product, especially for water-soluble soils and waxes, it should be a split microfiber.
The main exception is for cloths used for facial cleansing and for the removal of skin oils (sebum), sunscreens, and mosquito repellents from optical surfaces such as cameras, phones and eyeglasses wherein higher-end proprietary woven, 100% polyester cloths using 2 µm filaments, will absorb these types of oils without smearing.
Microfiber that is used in non-sports-related clothing, furniture, and other applications isn't split because it isn't designed to be absorbent, just soft.
Another way is to pour a small amount of water on a hard flat surface and try to push the water with the microfiber.
Microfiber products have exceptional ability to absorb oils, and are not hard enough to scratch even paintwork unless they have retained grit or hard particles from previous use.
Microfiber is widely used by car detailers to handle tasks such as removing wax from paintwork, quick detailing, cleaning interior, cleaning glass, and drying.
Because of their fine fibers which leave no lint or dust, microfiber towels are used by car detailers and enthusiasts in a similar manner to a chamois leather.
Although microfiber mops cost more than non-microfiber mops, they may be more economical because they last longer and require less effort to use.
According to tests using microfiber materials to clean a surface leads to reducing the number of bacteria by 99%, whereas a conventional cleaning material reduces this number only by 33%.
Microfiber cloths are used to clean photographic lenses as they absorb oily matter without being abrasive or leaving a residue, and are sold by major manufacturers such as Sinar, Nikon and Canon.
CRT, LCD and plasma screens) can easily be damaged by a microfiber cloth if it has picked up grit or other abrasive particles during use.
One way to minimize the risk of damage to flat surfaces is to use a flat, non-rugged microfiber cloth, as these tend to be less prone to retaining grit.
The oils and cationic surfactants in the softener and self-softening detergents will clog up the fibers and make them less absorbent until the oils are washed out.
Microfiber materials such as PrimaLoft are used for thermal insulation as a replacement for down feather insulation in sleeping bags and outdoor equipment, because of their better retention of heat when damp or wet.
Depending on the technology the fiber manufacturer is using, such material may contain from 2 up to 5 thin layers, merged.
Over the course of the season, the league received many complaints from players who found that the ball bounced differently from leather balls, and that it left cuts on their hands.
Microfiber tablecloths will bead liquids until they are removed and are sometimes advertised showing red wine on a white tablecloth that wipes clean with a paper towel.
Microfibers are used in towels especially those to be used at swimming pools as even a small towel dries the body quickly.
Microfiber towels need to be soaked in water and pressed before use, as they would otherwise repel water as microfiber tablecloths do.
Microfiber is also used for other applications such as making menstrual pads, cloth diaper inserts, body scrubbers, face mitts, whiteboard cleaners, and various goods that need to absorb water and/or attract small particle.
Microfiber textiles tend to be flammable if manufactured from hydrocarbons (polyester) or carbohydrates (cellulose) and emit toxic gases when burning, more so if aromatic (PET, PS, ABS) or treated with halogenated flame retardants and azo dyes.
An exception to this is the precise cleaning of optical components where a wet cloth is drawn once across the object and must not be used again as the debris collected are now embedded in the cloth and may scratch the optical surface.
Synthetic clothing made of microfibers that are washed can release materials and travel to local wastewater treatment plants, contributing to plastic pollution in water.
A study by the clothing brand Patagonia and University of California, Santa Barbara, found that when synthetic jackets made of microfibers are washed, on average of microfibers are released from the washing machine.
These microfibers then travel to local wastewater treatment plants, where up to 40% of them enter into rivers, lakes, and oceans where they contribute to the overall plastic pollution.
De dicto and de re are two phrases used to mark a distinction in intensional statements, associated with the intensional operators in many such statements.
The original meaning of the Latin locutions may help to elucidate the living meaning of the phrases, in the distinctions they mark.
The distinction can be understood by examples of intensional contexts of which three are considered here: a context of thought, a context of desire, and a context of modality.
On one interpretation, 'someone' is unspecific and Peter suffers a general paranoia; he believes that it is true that a person is out to get him, but does not necessarily have any beliefs about who this person may be.
The other interpretation is that Jana wants to marry a certain man, who in fact happens to be the tallest man in Fulsom County.
Another way to understand the distinction is to ask what Jana would want if a nine-foot-tall immigrant moved to Fulsom county.
In the light of later research his writings are not of much value as regards trustworthy criticism, though they are useful as catalogues of art treasures in private collections at the time when they were compiled.
His opinions were greatly respected in England, where he was invited to give evidence before the royal commission inquiring into the condition and future of the National Gallery, for which he was a leading candidate to become director.
Having passed through the college of Hirschberg, Silesia (modern Jelenia Góra), he volunteered for service in the Napoleonic campaign of 1813–14, and on his return attended the lectures at Breslau University.
He devoted himself to the study of art, which he pursued in the great European galleries, first in Germany, then in the Netherlands and Italy.
A pamphlet on the brothers Van Eyck led in 1832 to his appointment to the directorship of the newly founded Berlin Museum (now vastly expanded as the Berlin State Museums), although his main interest was the paintings in what is now the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.
In 1844, he was appointed professor of art history at Berlin University, and in 1861 he was called to St Petersburg as adviser in the arranging and naming of the pictures in the imperial collection.
Sir John Ross Marshall (5 March 1912 – 30 August 1988), commonly known as Jack Marshall, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.
After spending twelve years as Deputy Prime Minister, he served as the 28th Prime Minister from February until December 1972, following the defeat of National at the general election held in November.
The Second National Government, in office since 1960, appeared worn-out and out of touch, and at the time of Marshall's appointment, it seemed headed for heavy electoral defeat.
He was determined to remain as leader of the National Party, but in July 1974 was challenged for the leadership by Robert Muldoon, his deputy, rival and successor.
Marshall was a strong believer in common sense and pragmatism, and he disliked what he considered populism in other politicians of his day.
In his first few years of service, he was posted to Fiji, Norfolk Island, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands, eventually reaching the rank of major.
At the start of 1945, Marshall was assigned to a unit sent to reinforce New Zealand forces in the Middle East.
After the war, Marshall briefly established himself as a barrister, but was soon persuaded to stand as the National Party's candidate for the new Wellington seat of Mt Victoria in the 1946 election.
He was, however, nearly disqualified by a technicality – Marshall was employed at the time in a legal case for the government, something which ran afoul of rules barring politicians from giving business to their own firms.
However, because Marshall had taken on the case before his election (and so could not have influenced the government's decision to give him employment), it was obvious that there had been no wrongdoing.
He was opposed to laissez-faire capitalism, but was equally opposed to the redistribution of wealth advocated by socialists – his vision was of a property-owning society under the benign guidance of a fair and just government.
Marshall was later to admit that the crisis had been prompted by a failure to act by the National government, although other members of the National Party dispute this assertion.
Marshall also supported the abolition of compulsory union membership, which had been a National Party election policy – when the government eventually decided not to push forward with the change, Marshall's relations with some of his colleagues were strained.
However, Labour under Sir Arnold Nordmeyer was opposed, and in 1961 ten National MPs, including Robert Muldoon, crossed the floor and voted with Labour to abolish it.
Relations between Marshall and Robert Muldoon, the Minister of Finance, grew very tense, with Marshall resenting Muldoon's open interference in the labour negotiations.
On 8 December, after less than a year in office, Kirk was sworn in as Prime Minister and Marshall became the leader of the Opposition.
Marshall's decline was primarily the result of his inability to damage the highly popular Kirk; Marshall's quiet, understated style did not fit well with the aggressive tactics required of an opposition party seeking to return to government.
Ironically, Kirk died later that same year and his replacement, Bill Rowling, was perceived as a quiet and non-confrontational leader, just as Marshall had been.
Muldoon's highly controversial decision to allow a visit by a rugby union team from apartheid South Africa exasperated Marshall even more.
He was active in various charities and cultural organisations, including the New Zealand Chess Association, and was a founder of the New Zealand Portrait Gallery.
Marshall died in Snape, Suffolk, England on 30 August 1988, en route to Budapest to give an address at the world conference of the United Bible Societies.
In 1953, Marshall was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal, and in 1977 he received the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal.
In the 1973 New Year Honours, Marshall was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour, in recognition of his service as New Zealand prime minister, and the following year he was bestowed with a knighthood as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire.
In the 1992 Queen's Birthday Honours, Margaret, Lady Marshall, was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for community service.
Born in Zirin, Minsk province, Russian Empire as the son of a merchant, Gulkowitsch attended school in Baranavichy and then the famous Mir Yeshiva.
In 1918-1919, Gulkowitsch went to Virbālis in Lithuania, where he headed a Hebrew-speaking basic school and was part of the Rabbinate.
He then took up studying Medicine at the University of Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia), but also attended classes in Philosophy and Theology, especially Old Testament.
In 1922, he received both a Ph.D. and an M.A., the former with a work on the Kabbalah, and in 1924, and M.D., with a specialization in ophthalmology.
Immediately after handing in his medical dissertation, however, Gulkowitsch had been invited by the University of Leipzig to take over the lectureship in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Talmudic Sciences from the renowned and recently deceased Israel Issar Kahan.
At Leipzig, Gulkowitsch not only taught but continued studying there, with the eminent scholars available (especially in Islamic Studies, Near Eastern Studies, Ethiopian Studies, and Assyriology, as well as Philosophy with the eminent Theodor Litt) towards his Habilitation, which he attained in 1927.
However, already a year later, in 1933, due to the Nazi rise to power and the Nuremberg race laws (which were, i.a., directed against Jews as civil servants, which in Germany professors are), he was dismissed from the University of Leipzig.
In the same year, however, the University of Tartu in Estonia, which had a very distinguished tradition of Oriental Studies and Hebrew, had opened, pushed by the local scholars and supported, i.a., by Albert Einstein - a new Institute of Jewish Studies – a remarkable and defiant feat for 1933, even for an independent country like Estonia proud of its minority rights laws.
Gulkowitsch taught in German; the Tartu institute was probably the only place in the world where scholarship on Jewish issues in German was possible to be upheld during times of the Holocaust.
During his Tartu tenure, Gulkowitsch travelled as much abroad as was possible during that time, especially to Sweden (Uppsala University) and Britain (University of Cambridge).
After the Soviet Union invaded and annexed Estonia for the first time in 1940, Gulkowitsch's chair was abolished in 1941 and he himself dismissed.
When the Nazis invaded Estonia in the same year, Gulkowitsch and, perhaps some weeks later, his entire family were – like almost 1,000 Estonian Jews who had not been deported and remained there – murdered by the Nazis.
This is less so within Jewish Studies (and the study of that discipline), partially for historical reasons, because the rationalism of Gulkowitsch's style seemed to some unduly accommodationist to non-Jewish principles and systems of thought and too critical of its mystic traditions (it will be noted that Gulkowitsch indeed demystifies the Kabbala and the Talmud and is very critical of Chassidism).
Because many of Gulkowitsch's writings after 1933 were published in German in Estonia, they were actually not very well distributed and did not become part of the scholarly discourse of Jewish Studies, although they are of an extremely high quality and put Gulkowitsch clearly at the forefront of his area.
Recent efforts to republish his most significant works with Germany's leading publisher of Judaica, Mohr Siebeck in Tübingen, failed in 2005, after agreement with the press had already been reached, due to unknown reasons on the publishers' side.
Sleat is a traditional parish that has several communities and two major landowners (the Clan Donald Lands Trust and Eilean Iarmain Estate).
Sleat Community Trust (), the local development trust, has purchased the Skye Ferry Filling Station at Armadale and in common with many communities is investigating the options for renewable energy production.
In the early 2000’s the final section of a new double-track road through Sleat from Armadale Ferry to Broadford was finished.
Most teenage school-children in Sleat travel along the A851 to attend Portree High School, where there is a hostel for those who live particularly far away.
In the 2011 census, 39% of the population in Sleat were recorded as speaking Gaelic, with the highest percentage of Gaelic speakers in Tarskavaig and Achnacloich (51%), and the lowest in Armadale (27%).
There was some local and national controversy in 2006 about the decision to change the status of the school from an English school with a Gaelic medium unit to a Gaelic school but in the end the Highland Council opted for a compromise solution, designating the school as an all-Gaelic school but with an English-medium unit.
Sleat is home to Scotland's only Gaelic-medium college, Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, which provides university-level education in a number of subjects in Gaelic, and is the largest employer in the area.
Mahalalel was a son of Kenan, son of Enos, son of Seth, son of Adam in the Old Testament of the Bible.
He appears in the Book of Genesis 5:12-17, and according to the book, he lived 895 years, placing him eighth in the records for the unusually long lifespans for the antediluvian patriarchs.
Enoch’s first dream vision in 1 Enoch 83 recounts the dream that Enoch had in the house of Mahalalel his grandfather, and which Mahalalel explains to him.
Additionally, Mahalalel is also mentioned in Islam in the various collections of tales of the pre-Islamic prophets, which mentions him in an identical manner.
Edward Kent (January 8, 1802 – May 19, 1877) was the 12th and 15th Governor of the U.S. state of Maine during the Aroostook War.
Born in 1802 in Concord, New Hampshire, he later moved to Bangor, Maine and spent the rest of his life there.
He was among the last prominent members of the Whig Party in Maine before it collapsed in favor of the Republicans.
He is the only Maine governor to have been elected to two non-consecutive terms (1838–39 and 1841–42), though his second term was through direct appointment by the Whig-dominated legislature.
He apprenticed as a lawyer in Topsham, Maine, but established his own practice in the growing lumber-port of Bangor in 1825.
He was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1829 and held political offices on and off the rest of his life, becoming the 2nd Mayor of Bangor (1836–37), then Governor, and then U.S. Consul in Rio de Janeiro (1849–53).
Tragedy struck him in Rio when two of his three children, along with his wife Sarah Johnston (the daughter of Nathaniel Johnston of Hillsborough, NH) died of yellow fever.
Kent married a second time, to Abigail Ann Rockwood who was the niece of first wife Sarah Johnston, and had one more child, Edward Kent, Jr., who became the Chief Justice of the Arizona Territory Supreme Court.
The two even built a double house together, in Bangor's Broadway neighborhood, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a unique example of the Greek Revival style.
Fort Kent, situated where the Fish River meets the Saint John River in the Saint John River Valley, was named in his honor.
Later, the town of Fort Kent, Maine was named for the military installation (of which only a single blockhouse survives) and for Governor Kent.
He died of congestive heart failure in 1877 in Bangor, Maine, and is buried at the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
On the eve of Rosh Hashana 2000, Grossman, a student from Chicago at Yeshivas Bais Yisroel in the Neve Yaakov neighborhood of Jerusalem, hailed a taxi with two friends to visit the Western Wall.
When the driver took a shortcut through the Arab neighborhood of Wadi al-Joz, a mob of about 40 Arabs surrounded the taxi, smashed the windows, and dragged Grossman out, whereupon they beat him.
Grossman managed to run to a nearby gas station, where he collapsed, and an Israeli policeman, wielding a club protected him, threatening the mob.
This was when the infamous picture was taken, by a freelance photographer who was at the gas station, of Grossman bleeding and crouched under the policeman, who is shouting and waving his club.
Regarding your picture on page A5 of the Israeli soldier and the Palestinian on the Temple Mount -- that Palestinian is actually my son, Tuvia Grossman, a Jewish student from Chicago.
He, and two of his friends, were pulled from their taxicab while traveling in Jerusalem, by a mob of Palestinian Arabs, and were severely beaten and stabbed.
That picture could not have been taken on the Temple Mount because there are no gas stations on the Temple Mount and certainly none with Hebrew lettering, like the one clearly seen behind the Israeli soldier attempting to protect my son from the mob.
A picture caption on Saturday about fighting between Israelis and Palestinians in Jerusalem included an erroneous identification from The Associated Press for a wounded man shown with an Israeli policeman.
The location is still misstated, this time as Jerusalem's Old City, while the true location was the Arab neighborhood of Wadi al-Joz.
A picture caption on Page A6 last Saturday about fighting in Jerusalem gave an erroneous identification from The Associated Press for a wounded man shown with an Israeli policeman.
They looked out, as they recalled later, and saw a crowd of Palestinian youths blocking the road and closing in on them.
Then all of the taxi's windows were shattered in a volley of rocks, and the terrified Americans tried to huddle down and cover their faces.
The officer [shown above Grossman in picture], wielding a club and moving toward him protectively, ordered the Palestinians to back off.
Mr. Grossman's aunt, Shelley Winkler, of Far Rockaway, Queens, said yesterday, having learned what happened from Mr. Grossman's parents, Dr. Aaron and Tzirel Grossman, who went to Israel early in the week.
According to Seth Ackerman of FAIR, a liberal media watchdog, seven to eight U.S. newspapers picked up the photo along with the original erroneous caption.
The Associated Press acknowledged the error and set about correcting it, along with almost all of the newspapers that printed the photograph.
This same picture has been used to gather support for the boycotting of Coca-Cola by Muslims, by falsely identifying him as a Palestinian.
After immigrating to Israel, he did an internship at the Israeli Supreme Court, passed the Israeli bar, and became a lawyer.
Grossman worked for a time as an energy and infrastructure lawyer at both Gornitzky & Co. and Epstein Rosenblum Maoz (ERM) in Tel Aviv.
In 2010, ten years after the incident, Tuvia Grossman finally met the police officer that saved his life, learning that his name was Gideon Tzefadi.
The Battle of Mount Tumbledown was an engagement in the Falklands War, one of a series of battles that took place during the British advance towards Stanley.
On the night of 13–14 June 1982 the British launched an assault on Mount Tumbledown, one of the highest points near the town of Port Stanley, the capital, and succeeded in driving Argentinian forces from the mountain.
The attacking British forces consisted of the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards (2SG), mortar detachments from 42 Commando, Royal Marines and the 1st Battalion, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles (1/7 GR), as well as support from a troop of the Blues and Royals equipped with two Scorpion and two Scimitar armoured vehicles.
In the shelling that was directed by Marine Second Lieutenant Marcelo De Marco of the 5th Marines from his observation post on Tumbledown Mountain, four Paras and one REME craftsman were killed on Mount Longdon and another seven paratroopers were wounded and a Welsh Guardsman was killed while delivering supplies in the Fitzroy-Stanley track.
As part of the British plan, 1/7 GR was given the task of capturing the sub-hill of Mount William held by O Company, the 5th Marine Battalion's reserve, and then allowing the Welsh Guards through to seize Sapper Hill, the final obstacle before Stanley.
Mount William was just south of Tumbledown and the Marine battalion's O Company under Marine Captain Ricardo Quiroga was on its lower slopes.
On the morning of 13 June, the Scots Guards were moved by helicopter from their position at Bluff Cove to an assembly area near Goat Ridge, west of Mount Tumbledown.
During this day, a dispatch rider from the 1st Welsh Guards Battalion was mortally wounded by Argentine shellfire directed from Tumbledown.
The British plan called for a diversionary attack south of Mount Tumbledown by a small number of the Scots Guards, assisted by the four light tanks of the Blues and Royals, whilst the main attack came as a three-phase silent advance from the west of Mount Tumbledown.
In the second phase, Left Flank (company) would pass through the area taken by G company to capture the centre of the summit.
In a meeting with his company commanders the consensus was that the long uphill assault across the harsh ground of Tumbledown would be suicidal in daylight.
The 2nd Bn Scots Guards' Reconnaissance Platoon, commanded by Major Richard Bethell (a former SAS officer), and supported by four light tanks of the 'Blues & Royals', clashed with the Argentine O Marine Company under Marine Captain Quiroga in a blocking position on the lower slopes of Mount William.
After two hours of hard fighting, the company withdrew to its main defences on William and the British secured the position.
Contact was maintained for over an hour before battalion headquarters ordered Obra Company to fall back ... What we did not realise at the time was that at least a wounded Marine made his way to the amphibious engineer platoon position and hurled a grenade wounding a Major.
The explosions prompted the Argentine Marine Major Antonio Pernías to order the 81 mm mortar platoon on Mount William and the longer-ranged 120mm mortars attached to 'C' Company, 3rd Infantry Regiment on Sapper Hill to open fire on the minefield and the likely withdrawal route of anyone attacking Mount William.
The barrage lasted for about forty minutes and more British casualties would have been inflicted if the mortar bombs had not landed on soft peat, which absorbed most of the power of the explosions.
In 2007, Guardsmen Steven William Duffy and Peter Alexander MacInnes from the Pipes & Drums Platoon recounted their experiences, claiming that some Argentinian Marines were in hot pursuit during the British withdrawal, with Bethell's force suffering a total of 2 killed and 16 wounded.
At 9 p.m., half an hour after the start of the diversionary attack, Major Iain Dalzel-Job's G Company started its advance of nearly two miles.
Reaching its objective undetected, the company found the western end of the mountain undefended and occupied it easily, but later came under heavy shellfire that wounded Major Dalzel-Job in the head.
Major John Kiszely's Left Flank passed through them and reached the central region of the peak unopposed, but then came under heavy fire.
The Argentinians, later learned to be of company strength, directed mortar, grenade, machine gun and small arms fire from very close range at the British company, killing three British soldiers.
Marine Sub-Lieutenant Héctor Mino's 5th Platoon (1st Amphibious Engineer Company), held the rocks behind Sub-Lieutenant Carlos Vázquez's 4th Platoon, N Company.
In the centre of the 4th Marine Platoon position were the remnants of Second Lieutenants Óscar Silva's and Marcelo Llambías-Pravaz's RI 4 platoons as well as the remnants of Second Lieutenants Celestino Mosteirín's and Marcelo Dorigón's RI 12 platoons, which had recently fought on Two Sisters, Goat Ridge and Mount Harriet.
For four or five hours, a mixed bag of Marine/Army defenders representing six platoons of Argentinian infantry, engineers and one platoon of mortar men on Tumbledown pinned the British down.
The Guardsmen traded 66 mm rockets and 84 mm anti-tank rounds with the Argentinians, who were armed with anti-tank rifle grenades and protected in their rock bunkers.
The Argentinians refused to budge; the Guardsmen could hear some of them shouting obscene phrases in English and even singing the March of the Malvinas as they fought.
At 2:30 a.m., however, a second British assault overwhelmed the men of the 4th and 12th Regiments but the survivors of Vazquez's 4th Platoon would continue fighting till about 7:00 am.
The British troops swarmed over the mountaintop and killed, wounded or captured several of the RI 4 and RI 12 defenders, at times fighting with fixed bayonets.
The platoon commander [Marine Sub-Lieutenant Carlos Daniel Vazquez] then called Private Ramon Rotela manning the 60 millimetre mortar and Rotela fired it straight up into the air so that the bombs landed on ourselves.
I popped up, fired a rifle grenade in the direction of 8 to 10 British soldiers to keep their heads down, and then ran for the 2nd Platoon.
Major Kiszely, who was to become a senior general after the war, was the first man into the 4th Platoon position, personally shooting two Argentinian conscripts and bayoneting a third, his bayonet breaking in two.
Seeing their company commander among the Argentinians inspired 14 and 15 Platoons to make the final dash across open ground to get within bayoneting distance of the remaining 4th Platoon Marines.
Kiszely and six other Guardsmen suddenly found themselves standing on top of the mountain, looking down on Stanley which was under street lighting and vehicles could be seen moving along the roads.
The Argentinians, in the form of Second Lieutenant Augusto La Madrid's platoon from Major Jaimet's B Company and Marine Lieutenant Hector Miño's amphibious engineer platoon (rallied by Marine Lieutenant Waldemar Aquino and Marine Second Lieutenant De Marco), now counter-attacked and a burst of machine gun fire from La Madrid's men wounded three Guardsmen, including Lieutenant Alasdair Mitchell (commander of 15 Platoon).
According to Guardsman Mark Cape, another three Guardsmen defending the summit were also wounded in this action, when Miño, De Marco and Privates Oscar Poltronieri and Carlos Muela attacked their position with hand grenades.
By 6 a.m., Left Flank's attack had clearly stalled and had cost the British company seven men killed and 18 wounded.
On the eastern half of the mountain the platoons of conscripts of La Madrid and Miño platoon, were attempting to renew their advance, having already wounded six Guardsmen, so Colonel Scott ordered Right Flank to push on to clear the final positions.
I went forward to make a reconnaissance and could see that the British had two machineguns and a missile launcher in action.
I went through another gap in the rocks and was surprised by three men speaking in English behind and above me and firing over the top of me.
This went on for a long time, and we suffered heavy casualties ... We started to run short of ammunition ... Also, I could see that we were outflanked, with the British behind us, so we were cut off from my company ...
I left six men in a line with one machinegun to cover our retreat, but really we were fighting all the time; we could not break contact.
They came on us fast, and we fell back ... We eventually got through to Stanley, through what I would like to say was a perfect barrage fired by the Royal Artillery.
Major Simon Price sent 2 and 3 Platoons forward, preceded by a barrage of 66 mm rockets to clear the Argentine reinforcements.
Lieutenant Robert Lawrence led 3 Platoon around to the right of the Argentinian platoons, hoping to take the Argentinians by surprise.
They were detected, however, and the British were briefly pinned down by gunfire before a bayonet charge overwhelmed the Argentinian defenders.
Our assault was initiated by a Guardsman killing a sniper, which was followed by a volley of 66 mm anti-tank rounds.
We ran forward in extended line, machine-gunners and riflemen firing from the hip to keep the enemy heads down, enabling us to cover the open ground in the shortest possible time.
Halfway across the open ground 2 Platoon went to ground to give covering fire support, enabling us to gain a foothold on the enemy position.
From then on we fought from crag to crag, rock to rock, taking out pockets of enemy and lone riflemen, all of whom resisted fiercely.
As La Madrid and Miño withdrew after suffering reportedly five killed in the Argentine counterattack, the platoons under Second Lieutenant Aldo Franco and Guillermo Robredo moved in from the eastern edge of the mountain to try to help La Madrid and Miño.
Advancing out of the central region of Tumbledown Mountain, the British again came under heavy fire from the Argentinians, but by advancing in pairs under covering fire, they succeeded in clearing those Bravo Company platoons as well, gaining firm control of the mountain's eastern side.
However, Left Flank Company had lost two men killed and several wounded during the Argentine counterattack, when mortar fire controllers on Mount William targeted British wounded and stretcher bearers in error.
In his moment of victory on the eastern slopes, Lawrence was almost killed when a bullet fired by an Argentine stay-behind sniper tore off the side of his head.
He was awarded the Military Cross for bravery, but he spent a year in a wheelchair and was almost totally paralyzed.
The Argentinian sniper (in fact Private Luis Jorge Bordón or Walter Ignacio Becerra, according to La Madrid), armed with a FAL rifle, had helped cover the Argentinean retreat, firing shots at a Scout helicopter evacuating wounded off Tumbledown and wounding two men (including Guardsman Kenny Mains).
The Scots Guards eventually mortally wounded him in a hail of gunfire, but not before the Argentine soldier generated more confusion, resulting in the wounding of the Forward Observation Officer (FOO, Captain Swinton) attached the Gurkhas, while clearing the positions of Marine Sergeant Jorge Lucero's 3rd Platoon before advancing on to take Mount William.
By 9:00 a.m., the Scots Guards had gained the high ground east of Tumbledown Mountain and the Gurkhas commenced deploying across the heavily shelled saddle from Tumbledown south to Mount William, which they took with the loss of 8 wounded.
The Welsh Guards had lost one dead, the Royal Engineers had also lost one dead, and the Gurkhas had sustained altogether 13 wounded, including the artillery observation officer, Captain Keith Swinton.
We were supposed to finish the attack and they would give us covering fire from Tumbledown ... During the night we followed the Scots Guards and then our CO told us to stop.
The CO sahib and the anti-tank Milan Platoon commander and the FOO were just going up and they got a rifle shot.
Reaching the rear positions of N Marine Company, Second Lieutenant Franco took the time to set free several German Shepherds left behind in the Argentine retreat from Tumbledown.
After seven weeks he found his way back to civilization, to find himself accused of desertion by the media and fellow soldiers.
An Air Force mobile Westinghouse AN/TPS-43 long-range radar was positioned on Sapper Hill in April and reportedly detected the British landings at Fitzroy on 7 June.
The Westinghouse radar positioned on the hill was also damaged in the naval shelling and would remain out of service for several days.
That night, a 5-man squad under Sergeant Miguel Angel Martinez from the 3rd Regiment Recce Platoon discovered an abandoned rubber boat while patrolling near Sapper Hill.
The next day, the 1st Assault Section under First Lieutenant José Martiniano Duarte from the 601st Commando Company, checked the boat for hidden explosives and brought it back to Port Stanley for closer examination.
In June, Lieutenant Reynoso's Recce Platoon reportedly exchanged small arms fire with a British patrol (possibly G Squadron from the SAS that had commandeered a yacht at Bluff Cove Settlement to operate behind Tumbledown and had also sent men forward in a helicopter) infiltrated near Sapper Hill, prior to the final land battles.
There were no Harriers shot down on 7 June, although one GR-3 Harrier (XZ-989) was reported lost early next day, when it made an emergency landing at San Carlos due to battle damage.
The GR-3 Harrier (XW-919), despite being fitted with brand-new United States military chaff and flare dispensers, was damaged beyond repair and cannibalized for spare parts.
On 13 June, a messenger in the Welsh Guards was killed when his motorbike ran over a mine while bringing forward food supplies to Major Christopher Drewrywe's Number 2 Company (1WG).
After first light on 14 June, Major Phillip Neame's D Company of 2 PARA in the final stages of the Battle of Wireless Ridge reported seeing hundreds of Argentinians regrouping on Sapper Hill.
Argentine artillery and Second Lieutenant La Madrid 6th Regiment platoon was still in action, firing on Neame's company and losing another two killed (Privates Horacio Echave and Horacio Balvidares) on Sapper Hill.
While taking up new positions on Sapper Hill, Sergeant Víctor Hugo Juárez from 5th Marine Battalion HQs, Private Vicente Antonio Díaz from the 1st Amphibious Engineers Company and Private Ricardo Ramírez from the 81mm Mortar Platoon on Mount William are also killed in the fierce British bombardment and long-range retaliatory machinegun and small-arms fire from Neame's company on Wireless Ridge.
On the night of the 13/14 June the Welsh Guards/Royal Marine Battalion were on standby to help in the British attacks on Mounts Tumbledown and William.
During the advance, they became bogged down in a minefield, which took them a very long and frustrating time to extract themselves from, after coming under fire from heavy mortars on Sapper Hill.
Meanwhile, the men of the 1st Battalion 7th Gurkha Rifles had been spotted and shelled from Argentine mortar fire controllers and artillery officers on Sapper Hill, suffering eight wounded.
Earlier on, a Mountain and Arctic Warfare Cadre patrol under Sergeant David Lazenby had penetrated the frozen minefield to secure a landing zone for the British helicopters.
Major Drewrywe's Welsh Guards eventually reached the base of Sapper Hill, only to discover that the Argentine M Company was still in position.
While 45 Commando were marching towards Sapper Hill, Alpha and Charlie Companies from 40 Commando had escaped from the attention of the Argentine defenders on Sapper Hill and they were picked up by helicopters.
They were eventually landed on the slopes of Sapper Hill just as 45 Commando were approaching, so both units attacked and captured Hill.
The 5th Marines worked their way back into Stanley, leaving the 2nd Platoon of Marine Second Lieutenant Marcelo Davis and 3rd Platoon of Marine Second Lieutenant Alejandro Koch of M Company to cover the retreat.
The Argentine Panhard armoured cars also moved forward to the edge of Stanley to cover the retreating troops, and to neutralize any further helicopter landings.
Six Royal Marines were wounded securing Sapper Hill, including four Marines from 40 Commando, one Sapper from Condor Troop and a forward officer from 3 Commando Brigade HQs.
The Royal Marines in Second Lieutenant Carl Bushby's 9 Troop protecting the landing zone successfully defended their position when the Argentine Marines under Davis launched a counter-attack, the last one of the ground campaign.
Two parked Sea Kings within range from Koch's Marines sustained several hits from Sergeant Miguel Angel Vaca's machine-gun and rifle-grenades fired by Corporal Carlos Jorge Sini, but remained operational.
A group of Sappers from Condor Troop went ahead to clear a path through the mines, losing Sergeant Peter Thorpe badly wounded in the process.
656 Squadron would win the Distinguished Flying Cross for rescuing a wounded Gurkha and Guardsman from the middle of a minefield.
We were led to an area that the company would rest at for the night, I still took in the fact the Argies had prepared Sapper Hill well, they had depth positions that would have made the task of taking it very hard.
After dropping the first bomb, Akhurst was informed that the Argentines were retreating and in order to avoid a possible friendly fire incident with the supporting Welsh Guards, he directed the Harrier pilot to drop his remaining bomb out at sea.
As the Guardsmen and Royal Marines consolidated their positions, the British lost a Volvo Bv 202 tracked vehicle to an anti-tank mine planted in the Sapper Hill sector.
For the courage displayed in the attack, men from 2 SG were awarded one Distinguished Service Order, two Military Crosses, two Distinguished Conduct Medals (one posthumously) and two Military Medals.
Men from 9 Para Squadron, Royal Engineers, were awarded two Military Medals and Captain Sam Drennan, the Army Air Corps Scout pilot who had picked up the injured soldiers under fire and a former Scots Guards NCO, received the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Carlos Robacio, BIM5 commander, was awarded the Argentine Nation to the Valour in Combat Medal and the battalion itself was decorated by the Argentine Congress in 2002.
Due to his actions on both Two Sisters and Tumbledown, Private Oscar Ismael Poltronieri of La Madrid's platoon was awarded the Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross, Argentina's highest military decoration.
After the battle, Pipe Major James Riddell of 2 SG stood near the top of the mountain and played his bagpipes.
Obtained, among others, the award from the Royal Television Society Best Actor for the brilliant performance by Colin Firth in the role of Lieutenant Lawrence.
In place of fighting a cross was set up in tribute to the soldiers who gave their lives in that place.
It was named Children's Book of the Year at the 2001 British Book Awards, and was the first children's book to be longlisted for the Man Booker Prize.
Mrs Coulter keeps her daughter Lyra drugged in a remote cave hidden from the Magisterium, a theocratic authority determined to kill Lyra to prevent her from causing a new fall of man.
In Cittàgazze, a city in a parallel world, angels Balthamos and Baruch are instructed to take Lyra's friend Will to Lord Asriel, whose army is preparing to fight the Magisterium, but Will refuses until Lyra is rescued.
When they are attacked by a soldier of the archangel Metatron, Will uses the subtle knife, which has a blade so sharp it can cut windows into other worlds, to escape.
The Magisterium sends an assassin, Father Gomez, to follow the physicist Mary Malone, hoping that Mary will lead him to Lyra.
Mary goes through another window into a world where she meets sapient, elephantine creatures called mulefa who use large seedpods attached to their feet as wheels.
Mary uses the tree sap lacquer to construct a spyglass that allows her to see the particles known as dust, which is no longer nourishing the trees that the mulefa depend on.
Will meets Iorek Byrnison, king of the armoured bears, who are migrating south to avoid the Arctic melt caused by Lord Asriel's experiments.
As he cuts a window into another world, Mrs Coulter's sudden arrival reminds him of his sick mother, which breaks his concentration, and he shatters the knife.
After they find Roger, they strike a deal with the harpies: in exchange for allowing them to open a window so the dead can escape, the harpies will hear the stories of the dead, and may bar access to those who have not lived full lives or do not tell the truth.
They are joined by the ghosts of Will's father and Lee Scoresby, who decide to remain intact to join Asriel's army and fight the spectres, wraith-like creatures that devour adult souls.
With the help of the Gallivespians, armoured bears, and ghosts, Lyra and Will find their dæmons and escape to the mulefa world, where the short-lived Gallivespians die.
They encounter Mary, who tells them why she stopped being a nun was because of love and the feeling of love.
The witch Serafina Pekkala and angel Xaphania explain that openings between worlds allow dust to escape into oblivion, each creating a new spectre; no more must be created and all the existing windows must be closed, except the one leading from the world of the dead.
Lyra and Will must return to their own worlds, as they are unable to survive in worlds other than their own.
She and her dæmon Pantalaimon, who has taken the permanent form of a pine marten, resolve to build the Republic of Heaven.
Henri Marteau (March 31, 1874 – October 3, 1934) was a French violinist and composer, who obtained Swedish citizenship in 1915.
Through the influence of Camillo Sivori, Marteau's parents were easily persuaded to allow their son to adopt a musical career, and he showed remarkable aptitude in his studies, first under Bunzl, later under Hubert Léonard and from 1891 entered Jules Garcin's class at the Conservatoire de Paris.
His debut was made when only ten years old, at a concert given by the Vienna Philharmonic Society, conducted by Hans Richter.
In 1892 he gained the first place prize at the Conservatoire de Paris, and Jules Massenet and Théodore Dubois both wrote a violin concerto especially for his benefit.
On the death of Joseph Joachim in 1907, Marteau was called to the Hochschule für ausübende Tonkunst in Berlin, where he became head of the violin department.
The Germans accused him of being a French spy, while the French accused him of being a German spy, so he had to avoid both countries.
On April 13, 1894, for example, he, pianist Ami Lauchame, a violist named Koert, and a cellist named Hegner were reported to have given their second invitation chamber music concert in New York, performing works of Camille Saint-Saëns and Gabriel Fauré; a third concert was scheduled for the following week.
In Berlin, he formed another string quartet with his student Licco Amar as second violinist and Hugo Becker as cellist; later, Becker's student George Georgescu would take over the cello position.
He made his first tour in 1863; in Germany he was praised by Hans von Bülow, son-in-law of Franz Liszt, who recommended him as Chamber Virtuoso in the court of Prince von Hohenzollern-Hechingen in Löwenberg.
In 1873, Popper resigned from his post at the Hofoper so as to continue his tours with his wife on a larger scale, giving concerts throughout Europe.
He and Hubay performed chamber music on more than one occasion with Johannes Brahms, including the premiere of Brahms's Piano Trio No.
An 1880 drawing of Popper playing in a string quartet shows that although he started his cello career without using an endpin, he adopted it later in his life.
Lyra is looking at a flock of birds from the tower of Jordan College in her Oxford, when she notices that the birds are attacking what turns out to be a dæmon in a bird shape.
Lyra saves the dæmon, called Ragi, from the flock, and he urges Lyra to help him find a man called Sebastian Makepeace.
Lyra cleverly finds out where to find him and that he is the last remaining alchemist, and promises Ragi to bring him to the alchemist after school.
In the evening, Lyra escapes from St Sophia's School and leads Ragi from outside Jordan College (Turl Street) to Juxon Street where Sebastian Makepeace lives.
This new illness causes witches to die while not affecting their dæmons, leaving them alive and lonely after their witch's death.
Reaching Makepeace's house at the end of Juxon Street, near the Oxford Canal, Lyra's dæmon Pantalaimon manages to look through Makepeace's window without being noticed by Ragi.
Sebastian helps to get Lyra away unnoticed (the dead witch in the middle of the street caused some consternation) and she gets back to St Sophia's.
Back home Lyra and Pan contemplate that day's events: the birds were actually helping her and, looking for some meaning behind the events, Lyra feels that Oxford is protecting her.
, provisional designation , is a kilometer-sized asteroid, classified as near-Earth object, Mars-crosser and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group.
Three months after its discovery on December 6, 1997, by James V. Scotti of the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project, the asteroid was predicted to make an exceptionally close approach to Earth on 28 October 2028.
Additional precovery observations of the asteroid from 1990 were quickly found that refined the orbit and it is now known the asteroid will pass the Earth on October 26, 2028, at a distance of , about 2.4 times the Earth–Moon distance.
Within hours of the announcement, independent calculations by Paul Chodas, Don Yeomans, and Karri Muinonen had calculated that the probability of Earth impact was essentially zero, and vastly less than the probability of impact from as-yet-undiscovered asteroids.
Chodas (1999) concurs with Marsden (1999) that there was about 1 chance in a hundred thousand that XF11 could have passed through a keyhole—that is, until the 1990 precovery observations eliminated such possibilities.
Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (17 March 1839, in Vaduz – 25 November 1901, in Munich) was an organist and composer, born in Liechtenstein and resident for most of his life in Germany.
Josef Gabriel Rheinberger, whose father was the treasurer for Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein, showed exceptional musical talent at an early age.
When only seven years old, he was already serving as organist of the Vaduz parish church, and his first composition was performed the following year.
In 1851, his father, who had initially opposed his son's desire to embark on the life of a professional musician, relented and allowed him to enter the Munich Conservatorium.
The stylistic influences on Rheinberger ranged from contemporaries such as Brahms to composers from earlier times, such as Mendelssohn, Schumann, Schubert and, above all, Bach.
A distinguished teacher, he numbered many Americans among his pupils, including Horatio Parker, William Berwald, George Whitefield Chadwick, Bruno Klein, Sidney Homer and Henry Holden Huss.
Other students of his included important figures from Europe: Italian composer Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, and German composers Engelbert Humperdinck and Richard Strauss and the conductor (and composer) Wilhelm Furtwängler.
When the second (and present) Munich Conservatorium was founded, Rheinberger was appointed Royal Professor of organ and composition, a post he held for the rest of his life.
Today Rheinberger is remembered above all for his elaborate and challenging organ compositions; these include two concertos, 20 sonatas in 20 different keys (of a projected set of 24 sonatas in all the keys), 22 trios, and 36 solo pieces.
His grave was destroyed during World War II, and his remains were moved to his home town of Vaduz in 1950.
The Aloha Tower is a lighthouse that is considered one of the landmarks of the state of Hawaii in the United States.
Opened on September 11, 1926, at a then astronomical cost of $160,000, the Aloha Tower is located at Pier 9 of Honolulu Harbor.
Just as the Statue of Liberty greeted hundreds of thousands of immigrants each year to New York City, the Aloha Tower greeted hundreds of thousands of immigrants to Honolulu.
At 10 stories and 184 feet (56 m) of height topped with 40 feet (12 m) of flag mast, for four decades the Aloha Tower was the tallest structure in Hawaii.
When the attack on Pearl Harbor came on December 7, 1941, Coast Guardsmen from the were ordered to take up defensive positions around Aloha Tower and protect it from being occupied.
In 1981, the Governor of Hawaii and the Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism established the Aloha Tower Development Corporation.
The public corporation was charged with developing the land around the Aloha Tower to benefit the state's commercial trade industry based at Honolulu Harbor while at the same time providing the residents of Hawaii with ample access to the downtown waterfront.
The entire Aloha Tower Complex, as defined by the public corporation, was identified as Piers 5 and 6, Piers 8 through 23, and portions of Nimitz Highway and Iwilei.
In 1982, the Hawaii Maritime Center was opened near the Aloha Tower in an old royal pier to present the history of Honolulu Harbor and the relative industries it served.
The Aloha Tower Development Corporation continues its work today with plans to modernize the facilities and infrastructure in and around the Aloha Tower Complex.
Other proposals include the establishment of streetcars, elimination of commercial high-rises in the area and increase of high-rise residential units instead.
State officials want to close the parking lot fronting the Aloha Tower and destroy the adjacent Hawaiian Electric Company power plant, then fill the space with a park.
In consideration of heightened security measures after 9/11, tourist access to the observation deck was restricted, but has since been reopened.
As of 2013 the shopping center and Aloha Tower itself have fallen into a state of disrepair, most of the store fronts are now gone and the entire mall and tower is showing damage.
Many of the ships that were once tourist attractions have ceased operating, the Falls of Clyde has been stripped of her masts and is now a derelict sitting in the harbor.
the acting chief of the Labor Division of Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) from 1948 to 1951 during the US occupation of Japan, played an important role in the formation of Sohyo (General Council of Trade Unions of Japan), the predominantly public sector union confederation.
His first musical training came from his father Robert Riemann, a land owner, bailiff and, to judge from locally surviving listings of his songs and choral works, an active music enthusiast.
After participating in the Franco-Prussian War he decided to devote his life to music, and studied accordingly at the Leipzig Conservatory.
As a much-desired appointment at the Conservatory did not materialize, Riemann went to Bromberg in 1880, but 1881–90 he was a teacher of piano and theory at Hamburg Conservatory.
He was an advocate of harmonic dualism, and his theory of harmonic function is the foundation of harmonic theory as it is still taught in Germany.
He also elaborated a set of harmonic transformations that was adapted by the American theorist David Lewin, and eventually evolved into a significant strain of neo-Riemannian theory.
Another pillar of modern neo-Riemannian theory, the Tonnetz, was not Riemann's own invention, but he played an important role in popularizing and disseminating it.
A large portion of Sōhyō merged with the more conservative Japanese Confederation of Labor (Domei) and other unions to form Rengo in 1987.
Marcello Gandini (born 26 August 1938) is an Italian car designer, known for his work with the automotive design house Gruppo Bertone, including his designs of the Lamborghini Miura, Countach and the Lamborghini Diablo.
Gandini, along with noted Italian car designers Giorgetto Giugiaro and Leonardo Fioravanti, were all born in 1938, within months of each other.
Creator of Stile Bertone in Caprie, Gandini served as general manager of the styling house, designing show cars as well as managing the construction of prototype automobiles.
Gandini designed Lamborghini's groundbreaking mid-engined Miura and extreme Countach, as well as many practical cars such as the Citroën BX, the first-generation BMW 5 Series (E12), the Innocenti Mini, and the Renault Supercinq.
He introduced the concept of scissor doors with the Alfa Romeo 33 Carabo prototype, while the Lancia Stratos sports car was another Gandini design.
Gandini has worked in other areas, including home architecture, the design of a nightclub interior, and the body styling of the Heli-Sport CH-7 helicopter.
Its limited overs team is called the Northants Steelbacks – a reference to the Northamptonshire Regiment which was formed in 1881.
Founded in 1878, Northamptonshire (Northants) held minor status at first but was a prominent member of the early Minor Counties Championship during the 1890s.
In 1905, the club joined the County Championship and was elevated to first-class status, since when the team have played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.
The club plays the majority of its games at the County Cricket Ground, Northampton, but has used outlier grounds at Kettering, Wellingborough and Peterborough (formerly part of Northamptonshire, but now in Cambridgeshire) in the past.
During the 2019 season, Northamptonshire played in Division Two of the County Championship, the North Division of the Royal London One-Day Cup and the North Division of the Vitality t20 Blast.
Cricket had probably reached Northamptonshire by the end of the 17th century and the first two references to cricket in the county are within a few days of each other in 1741.
On Monday 10 August, there was a match at Woburn Park between a Bedfordshire XI and a combined Northants and Huntingdonshire XI.
Woburn Cricket Club under the leadership of the Duke of Bedford was on the point of becoming a well known club.
On Tuesday 18 August, a match played on the Cow Meadow near Northampton between two teams of amateurs from Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire is the earliest known instance of cricket being played in Northamptonshire county.
On 31 July 1878, the official formation of Northants CCC took place at a meeting in the George Hotel, Kettering based on an existing organisation that dated back to 1820.
The club came to prominence in the Minor Counties Championship during the 1890s as, between 1900 and 1904, the bowling of George Thompson and William East was much too good for almost all batsmen at that level.
Although Thompson and East proved themselves to be bowlers of high class, a weak batting line-up meant that the team remained close to the bottom of the championship table until Sydney Smith arrived in 1909.
After three years in the middle of the table, Northants surprisingly improved to finish second in 1912 and fourth in 1913.
Thompson and Smith finished playing after World War I and, during the inter-war period, Northamptonshire were regularly one of the weaker championship sides.
Things got worse for Northamptonshire during this time when Bakewell's career ended due to a broken arm in a car crash that also resulted in the fatality of teammate, Reginald Northway.
After the Second World War, things could only get better for Northamptonshire and they started by recruiting widely from other counties and countries, bringing in Freddie Brown from Surrey; the Australians Jock Livingston, George Tribe and Jack Manning; the New Zealander Peter Arnold; and the Cambridge University opening bat and leg-spinner Raman Subba Row.
Brown joined as captain in 1949, and led the team to six place in his first season after previous years of disappointment.
Under the new leadership of Dennis Brookes (a stalwart batsman for over 20 years), finished second in 1957, their best finish for 45 years.
Northamptonshire were widely considered the best team in England in the late 1950s and early 1960s, during this time Keith Andrew, Northants best ever Wicket-keeper broke the records of most victims in an innings and a season.
The club has had intermittent success in one-day competitions, but it has still not won the County Championship, although second place was achieved in each of 1957, 1965 and 1976.
Nonetheless it has included several famous players qualified for England, including the South African-born batsman Allan Lamb; fast bowler David Larter; the hard hitting opener Colin Milburn, whose career was cut tragically short by an eye injury sustained in a car crash; the reliable batsmen David Steele and Rob Bailey; opening batsman Wayne Larkins; and all-rounders Peter Willey and David Capel.
Several notable overseas players such as Matthew Hayden, Curtly Ambrose, André Nel, Kapil Dev, Mike Hussey, Sarfraz Nawaz, Mushtaq Mohammad, Anil Kumble, Dennis Lillee and Bishen Bedi have starred for the club, which was particularly formidable as a one-day batting outfit in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Northants have recently been criticised for the number of Kolpak players in the team, but for the 2009 season there were only three in Andrew Hall, Johan van der Wath and Nicky Boje, and only one in 2013 in Hall.
In Northamptonshire's case, this means the county of Northamptonshire and the Town of Northampton, although the club have in the past played some home matches outside the historic borders such as in Luton and Milton Keynes.
Northamptonshire first played at the county ground in Northampton in 1905, and continue to do so till this day even though Northampton Town F.C.
After the football club moved, the ground at the Abington Avenue was demolished and replaced by a new indoor school which includes seating looking on to the ground.
In 2009, Northants cricket announced plans to improve the ground by building two new stands on the scoreboard side of the ground, there will also be a permanent commentary box with a view to have a 'mini Lord's' style media centre.
Northamptonshire do not automatically award caps to players on their first appearance; instead, they have to be 'earned' through good performances.
In recent times, cricketers who are awarded a county cap are given a new cap with yellow stripes on the maroon instead of a plain maroon cap.
Osteospermum , is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the sunflower/daisy family Asteraceae.
The daisy-like composite flower consists of disc florets and ray florets, growing singly at the end of branches or sometimes in inflorescences of terminal corymbose cymes.
Modern cultivars flower continuously when watered and fertilised well, and dead-heading is not necessary, because they do not set seed easily.
The University of Bamberg () in Bamberg, Germany, specializes in the Humanities, Cultural Studies, Social Sciences, Economics and Applied Computer Science.
These include the former Jesuit college (Theology), the former Hochzeitshaus (History), the old slaughterhouse (Earth Science), the former Bauhof (Communication Studies), and the former fire station (Oriental Studies).
The Social Sciences and Economics department and the Business Information Technology and Applied Computer Science department, which accommodate a large proportion of the students, are in Feldkirchenstrasse.
The former ERBA cotton mill, on an island in the Regnitz, has been acquired to create student apartments in the red-brick building, as well as in an adjoining new 14,000m building.
An agreement between Bavaria and the Vatican saw the faculty of Catholic Theology restructured as an institute which places a greater emphasis on teacher training.
The University holds partnerships in Australia with the University of Sydney, as well as in Asia with the Chinese Xi'an Jiaotong University, the Korea University, and the Japanese Sophia University.
Mr. Squiggle (originally also known as Mr. Squiggle and Friends) is an Australian children's television series, and the name of the title character from that ABC show.
At its height, the program was one of the most popular children's programs in Australia and toured theatre and conventions, entertaining several generations who grew with the program.
In February 2019 the Royal Australian Mint released a series of two dollar coins to mark the 60th anniversary of the first broadcast of the programme.
Mr. Squiggle, the central character is a marionette with a pencil for a nose, who visits his friends from his home at 93 Crater Crescent on the Moon, flying to Earth in his pet rocket (named Rocket).
Mr. Squiggle was helped by a human assistant in all of the show's incarnations; they included Miss Gina (Gina Curtis), Miss Pat (Pat Lovell), Miss Jane (Jane Fennell), and later series featured Roxanne (Roxanne Kimmorley) and Rebecca (Rebecca Hetherington, Hetherington's daughter).
Comedians Mikey Robins and Merrick Watts played one of the show's characters, Reg Linchpin, for a year from 1989 to 1990.
A horse-drawn boat or tow-boat is a historic boat operating on a canal, pulled by a horse walking beside the canal on a towpath.
Boat horses were the prime movers of the Industrial Revolution, and they remained at work until the middle of the 20th century.
A horse, towing a boat with a rope from the towpath, could pull fifty times as much cargo as it could pull in a cart or wagon on roads.
In the early days of the Canal Age, from about 1740, all boats and barges were towed by horse, mule, hinny, pony or sometimes a pair of donkeys.
Horse-drawn boats were used well into the 1960s on UK canals for commercial transport, and are still used today by passenger trip boats and other pleasure traffic.
She was then used as a maintenance boat until 1962, lay abandoned for nine years until being salvaged in 1972 and converted to a passenger boat in 1978.
His musical career includes forming 1970s and 1980s New Zealand rock group Split Enz, a number of solo albums, temporary membership in his brother Neil's band Crowded House and joint efforts with Neil Finn as the Finn Brothers.
There he jammed in music practice room 129 (later the name of a Split Enz song) with friends and future Split Enz bandmembers Mike Chunn, Robert Gillies, Philip Judd and Noel Crombie.
A few months later, Phil and Tim formed the group Split Ends, renamed Split Enz in 1975, shortly before they left New Zealand for Melbourne.
Their music moved towards a more mainstream sound in later years, with an eclecticism that incorporated influences from art rock, vaudeville, swing, punk, glam rock, rock and pop.
After working together on some songs, Neil later proposed incorporating the tracks onto the latest album of Crowded House, the group he had formed after Split Enz dissolved.
But some time during the tour which followed the album's American release, all concerned realised that the combination was not a good fit.
Also in 1995, Finn formed the band ALT, with Irish musicians Andy White and Liam Ó Maonlaí (from band Hothouse Flowers).
The album was originally intended to be produced by Tony Visconti but the release has most production credits going to long-time Finn producer Mitchell Froom.
Born Paul Georg Julius Hernried in the city of Trieste, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Italy), Henreid was the son of Maria-Luise (Lendecke) and Karl Alphons Hernried, a Viennese banker, born as Carl Hirsch, who converted in 1904 from Judaism to Roman Catholicism.
Henreid's father died in April 1916, and the family fortune had dwindled by the time he graduated from the exclusive Maria Theresianische Akademie.
He trained for the theatre in Vienna, over his family's objections, and debuted there on the stage under the direction of Max Reinhardt.
With the outbreak of World War II, Henreid risked deportation or internment as an enemy alien, but Conrad Veidt (his co-star as Major Heinrich Strasser in Casablanca) spoke for him, and he was allowed to remain and work in England's film industry.
He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one (for film) at 6366 Hollywood Boulevard and the other (for television) at 1720 Vine Street.
The History of the Punjab concerns the history of the Punjab region the Northern area of the Indian Subcontinent that is split between the modern day countries of India and Pakistan.
The third river Ravi flows partially in Punjab, mainly along the international boundary of India and Pakistan and then enters Pakistan.
All these five rivers finally merge into Indus river directly or indirectly and the Indus then terminates into Arabian Sea near Karachi city in Pakistan.
Ancient Punjab region was the primary geographical extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation, which was notable for advanced technologies and amenities that the people of the region had used.
Intermittent wars between various kingdoms was characteristic of this time, except in times of temporary unification under centralised Indian Empires or invading powers.
After the arrival of Islamic rule in India, that had managed to rule throughout a long period of the region's history, much of Western Punjab had become a centre of Islamic culture in the Indian subcontinent.
An interlude of Sikh rule under the Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Sikh Empire had seen a brief resurfacing of traditional culture, until the British had annexed the region into the British Raj.
After the British had left, the region was partitioned into a Sikh majority area that would go to the secular state of India, and a Muslim majority area that would go to the Islamic state of Pakistan to prevent conflict.
The aforementioned seven rivers were the Vitsta and Vitamasa (Jhelum), Asikni (Chenab), Parusni and Iravati (Ravi), Vipasa (Beas), and the Satudri (Sutlej).
It is believed by most scholars that the earliest trace of human habitation in India traces to the Soan valley between the Indus and the Jhelum rivers.
This period goes back to the first inter-glacial period in the second Ice Age, from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found.
Punjab and the surrounding areas are the location of the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation, also known as the Harappan Civilisation.
There are ruins of cities, thousands of years old, found in these areas with the most notable being those of Harappa, Rakhigarhi and Rupar.
Besides the aforementioned sites, hundreds of ancient settlements have been found throughout the region, spanning an area of about 100 miles.
These ancient towns and cities had advanced features such as city-planning, brick-built houses, sewage and draining systems, as well as public baths.
Literary evidence from the Vedic Era suggests a transition from early small janas, or tribes, to many Janapadas (territorial civilisations) and gaṇa sangha societies.
Archaeologically, the time span of these entities corresponds to phases also present in the Indo-Gangetic divide and the upper Gangetic basin.
The ten tribes pitted against Sudas comprised five major tribes: the Purus, the Druhyus, the Anus, the Turvasas and the Yadus; in addition to five minor ones: the Pakthas, the Alinas, the Bhalanas, the Visanins and the Sivas.
Sudas was supported by the Vedic Rishi Vasishtha, while his former Purohita, the Rishi Viswamitra, sided with the confederation of ten tribes.
A second battle, referred to as the Mahabharat in ancient texts, was fought in Punjab on a battlefield known as Kurukshetra.
Duryodhana, a descendant of Kuru (who was the son of king Samvaran), had tried to insult the Panchali princess Draupadi in revenge for defeating his ancestor Samvaran.
Most of the Janapadas that had exerted large territorial influence, or Mahajanapadas, had been raised in the Indo-Gangetic plain with the exception of Gandhara in modern-day Afghanistan.
There was a large level of contact between all the Janapadas of ancient India with descriptions being given of trading caravans, movement of students from universities, and itineraries of princes.
Alexander sent heralds ahead of him to the native rulers on the west side of the Indus and divided his army into two.
Alexander took his troops and razed several cities, fought a battle at Massaka which turned into a massacre, and conducted the battle at Aornos rock.
After crossing the Indus, Alexander was welcomed by the native ruler of Takshashila, known to the Greeks as Taxila, and other allies.
Onesikritos was sent to interview the native ascetics about their way of life, but the conversation was rumored to be difficult as the Greeks had to use three different levels of interpreters.
When Alexander had reached Malloi and Oxydrakai in 325 B.C, the people had claimed that they always lived freely, directly contradicting with Persian accounts of rule over the region.
The armies had met in June, when the monsoon had begun, and it was the first time Alexander and his troops had encountered Elephants in battle.
After the defeat of Porus in Greek sources, most armies that he had encountered had come to submit, with very few refusing to do so such as the people of Sangala who were massacred.Supposedly after the disheartened and homesick attitude of his troops, Alexander had returned home through Malois.
Kautilya enrolled the young Chandragupta in the university at Taxila to educate him in the arts, sciences, logic, mathematics, warfare, and administration.
With the help of the small Janapadas of Punjab and Sindh, he had gone on to conquer much of the North West.
In a peace treaty, Seleucus ceded all territories west of the Indus and offered a marriage, including a portion of Bactria, while Chandragupta granted Seleucus 500 elephants.
The Mauryans had an autocratic and centralised administration system, aided by a council of ministers, and also a well-established espionage system.
Much of the Mauryan rule had a strong bureaucracy that had regulated tax collection, trade and commerce, industrial activities, mining, statistics and data, maintenance of public places, and upkeep of temples.
Mauryan rule was advanced for its time, and foreign accounts of Indian cities mention many temples, libraries, universities, gardens, and parks.
The assassination of the last Mauryan emperor by the general Pushyamitra did not end in the break up of Mauryan rule entirely.
Punjab and much of the Indo-Gangetic plain were still under the hold of Pushyamitra's empire as well as under the subsequent smaller offshoots that had asserted its claim over the region.
The origins of the Gupta Empire are believed to be from local Rajas as only the father and grandfather of Chandra Gupta are mentioned in inscriptions.
Chandra Gupta's reign was an unsettled one, but under his son, Samudra Gupta, the empire reached supremacy over India roughly similar to the proportions that the Maurya Empire had exercised before.
Various records exist of Samudra Gupta's conquest, showing that nearly all of North India and a portion of Southern India had been under Gupta rule.
The Empire was organised along the lines of provinces, frontier feudatories, and subordinate kings of vassal states that had sworn fealty to the Empire.
In the case of Punjab, the local Janapadas were semi-independent but were expected to obey orders and pay homage to the empire.
Inscriptions give evidence to the Raja not only being a learned man, but one fond of the company of poets and writers; one type of coinage even shows him playing on the veena.
Samudra Gupta was succeeded by his son Rama Gupta in whose time the Scythians, known as the Sakas, had begun to be recognised as a threat.
Usurped by Chandra Gupta II, the new emperor had begun to consolidate the power of the empire where traces of disruption had presented himself.
By this time the Empire still ruled over much of North India, but the authority in the South seemed to lapse.
Nevertheless, by the sixth century, the Huns had established themselves and Toramana and his son Mihirakula, who has been described to be a Saivite Hindu, had ruled over the approximate areas of Punjab, Rajputana, and Kashmir.
There had been several alliances throughout this time that had checked the advance of the Huns, but it was not until 533-534 that Raja Yashovarman of Mandasor firmly defeated them.
After the disintegration of the Gupta Empire, Northern India was ruled by several independent kingdoms which carried on the traditions of the Gupta Empire within their own territories.
Under his son Prabhakarvardhana, the dynasty emerged as a major state which was constantly at odds with the Huns and the nearby rulers of Malwa.
Harsha was his nephew, and sought to conquer all of the country; at the height of his power, his kingdom spanned the entirety of Northern India.
Harsha was defeated by the south Indian Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty when Harsha tried to expand his Empire into southern peninsula of India.
Arab armies had earlier tried to penetrate deep into South Asia but were defeated by the South Indian Emperor Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty, South Indian general Dantidurga of the Rashtrakuta dynasty in Gujarat, and by Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty in Malwa in the early 8th century.
Two small Hindu states of Zabul and Kabul in southern Afghanistan stubbornly defended this strategic area between the river Sindh and Koh Hindu Kush.
As a devout Brahmin, in his old age, he committed ritual suicide in his capital town of Waihind, located on the right side of river Sindh, fourteen miles above Attock.
As Bhimadeva had no male heir, Jayapala succeeded the Shahi throne, which had included areas spanning from Punjab to Kabul in Afghanistan.
Anandapala and Trilochanapala, his son and grandson respectively, resisted Mahmud for another quarter of a century but Punjab was finally annexed to the Sultanate of Ghazni, around 1021.
After the Muslim attacks, many Punjabi scholars of Sanskrit had fled to schools and universities in Benares and Kashmir, which were at the time unaffected by Islamic invasion.
Previously, the ruler would assign village locals to collect a share of the peasant's produce, using it to pay the soldiers and administrators.
In 1300, Ala-al-din Khalji demanded that peasants pay one half of their produce, abolished the authority of local chiefs, and deprived the local lords of their power.
If the Delhi Sultanate, an offshoot of the Islamic conquest, was to rule over India, it was necessary for there to be the cultural and ideological integration of the people.
Examples are the mosque of Quwwat-al-Islam which incorporated stones and iron pillars from Hindu structures, and the Qutb Minar, which highlighted the presence of Islam.
Muhammad bin Tughluq was supported by Turkic warriors, and was the first to introduce non-Muslims into the administration, to participate in local festivals, and permit the construction of Hindu temples.
To maintain his identity as a Muslim, the Muhammad bin Tughluq adhered to Islamic laws, swore allegiance to the caliph in Cairo, appointed Ulamas, and imposed the tax on non-Muslims.
The Tughluq dynasty, however, disintegrated rapidly due to revolts by governors, resistance from locals, and the re-formation of independent Hindu kingdoms.
The Islamic values that were idealised by the Delhi sultanates were ones that brought men in accordance with God's command by cultivating moral values in the governing authorities.
After the death of the last Tughluq ruler Nasir-ud-din Mahmud, the nobles are believed to have chosen Daulat Khan Lodi for the throne.
The rule of the Sayyids experienced another revolt under the rule of their general Bahlul Lodi, who had at first occupied much of Punjab, yet failed to capture Delhi.
Despite this, there was still persecution of the local Hindu people as many temples, such as that of Mathura, were destroyed and had a system of widespread discrimination against Hindus.
In 1526, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from the Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan) was ousted from his ancestral domain in Central Asia.
From his base in Afghanistan, he was able to secure control of Punjab, and in 1526 he decisively defeated the forces of the Delhi sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī at the First Battle of Panipat.
The next year, he defeated the Rajput confederacy under Rana Sanga of Mewar, and in 1529 defeated the remnants of the Delhi sultanates.
Bābur’s son Humāyūn (reigned 1530–40 and 1555–56) had lost territory to rebels, but Humāyūn’s son Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) defeated the Hindu king Hemu at the Second Battle of Panipat (1556) and reestablished Mughal rule.
Akbar's son Jahangir had furthered the size of the Mughal Empire through conquest, yet left much of the state bankrupt as a result.
Shah Jahan's son Aurangzeb was especially known for his religious intolerance and was known for his destruction of schools and temples which he saw as un-Islamic.
In addition to the murder of a Sikh Guru, Aurangzeb had instilled heavy taxes on Hindus and Sikhs that had later led to an economic depression.
Mughal rule was reduced to only a small area around Delhi, which passed under Maratha (1785) and the British (1803) control.
The Sikh religion began around the time of the conquest of Northern India by Babur Shah, the founder of the Mughal Empire.
He ordered Guru Arjun Dev to be put to death after he had refused to change the passage about Islam in the Adi Granth.
Guru Arjan Dev's death led to the sixth Guru Guru Hargobind to declare sovereignty in the creation of the Akal Takht and the establishment of a fort to defend Amritsar.
Jahangir then jailed Guru Hargobind at Gwalior, but released him after a number of years when he no longer felt threatened.
The succeeding son of Jahangir, Shah Jahan, took offence at Guru Hargobind's declaration and after a series of assaults on Amritsar, forced the Sikhs to retreat to the Sivalik Hills.
The ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, moved the Sikh community to Anandpur and travelled extensively to visit and preach in defiance of Aurangzeb, who attempted to install Ram Rai as new guru.
When offered a choice between conversion to Islam and death, he chose to die rather than compromise his principles and was executed.
Guru Gobind Singh assumed the guruship in 1675 and established the Khalsa, a collective army of baptised Sikhs, on 13 April 1699.
A short time before his death, Guru Gobind Singh ordered him to conquer Punjab and gave him a letter that commanded all Sikhs to join him.
After two years of gaining supporters, Banda Singh Bahadur initiated an agrarian uprising by breaking up the large estates of Zamindar families and distributing the land to the peasants.
During the rebellion, Banda Singh Bahadur made it a point to destroy the cities in which the Muslims had been cruel to the supporters of Guru Gobind Singh.
He ruled the territory between the Sutlej river and the Yamuna river, established a capital in the Himalayas at Lohgarh and struck coinage in the names of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh.
The captured Sikhs were beheaded, their heads stuffed with hay, mounted on spears and carried on a procession to Delhi en route to the Qutb Minar.
Banda Singh was told to dismount, as the Muslims placed his child in his arms and bade him to kill it.
Refusing the command, his child was ripped open and fed to him, as the Muslims had dismembered his limbs after refusing to convert to Islam.
Yet subsequent events led to a double alliance, one by marriage and another politically, between the Afghan King and the Mughal Emperor.
In order to send a message, and prevent such occurrences from recurring, Ahmad Shah destroyed the Shri Harimandir Sahib and filled the Sarovar (Holy water pool) with cow carcasses.
In 1758 the Maratha Empire's general Raghunathrao attacked and conquered Lahore and Attock driving out Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, in the process.
In 1761, following the victory at the Third battle of Panipat between the Durrani and the Maratha Empire, Ahmad Shah Abdali captured remnants of the Maratha Empire in Punjab and Kashmir regions and had consolidated control over them.
Sikh holocaust of 1762 took place under the Muslim provincial government based at Lahore to wipe out the Sikhs, with 30,000 Sikhs being killed, an offensive that had begun with the Mughals, with the Sikh holocaust of 1746, and lasted several decades under its Muslim successor states.
Training his army under the style of the East India Company, it was able to conquer much of Punjab and surrounding areas.
The use of the suzerain-vassal polity as established by previous rulers had been instrumental in establishing the political control of the Sikhs.
In towns and cities, there was an increase in the population of urban Sikhs, while the same happened with an increase in rural Sikhs.
In 1809, Singh signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the British; in this treaty, Singh was recognised as the sole ruler of Punjab by the British and was given freedom to fight against the Muslims of surrounding areas.
Within ten years of Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the Empire was taken over by the British who had already more or less exerted indirect or direct influence throughout the Subcontinent.
After the British victories at the battles of the Sutlej in 1845–46, the army and territory of the boy Raja Duleep Singh was cut down.
To the agrarian and commercial class was added a professional middle class that had risen the social ladder through the use of the English education, which opened up new professions in law, government, and medicine.
By the 1870s there had been communities of Muslims of the Wahabi sect, drawn from the lower classes, that intended to use jihad to get rid of the non-Muslims by force.
Mirza Gulam Ahmad in his Burahin-i-Ahmaddiya which was meant to rejuvenate Islam on the basis of the Quran, had attempted to refute both Christian missionaries, and Hindus and Sikhs.
In the first and second decades of the early 20th century, the idea of Hindu and Muslim separation had become an active political tone.
Muslims were told to remain aloof of the Indian National Congress, the main body seeking Indian Independence, because there was a general fear that representation based on elections and employment based upon competition was not in their interest.
The Muslim league also demanded separate electorates in every province, even in those without Muslim majority populations, which was also granted by the Indian National Congress in 1916.
The British brigadier-general R.E.H Dyer marched fifty riflemen of the 1/9th Gurkhas, 54th Sikhs, and 59th Sikhs into the Bagh and ordered them to open fire into the crowd that had collected there.
The official number of deaths given by the British was given as 379 people dead, but there are reported to be greater than 1000 killed.
Notably, the actions of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru on 17 December 1928 in which the trio was responsible for killing J.P Saunders in revenge for the latter's murder of Lala Lajpati Rai.
Nevertheless, the use of violence in the Indian Independence movement became unpopular after the execution of the trio on the 23 March 1932.
The Partition of India in 1947 split the former Raj province of Punjab; the mostly Muslim western part became the Pakistani province of West Punjab and the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern part became the Indian province of Punjab.
Many Sikhs and Hindus lived in the west, and many Muslims lived in the east, and so partition saw many people displaced and much intercommunal violence.
The undivided Punjab, of which Punjab (Pakistan) forms a major region today, was home to a large minority population of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus unto 1947 apart from the Muslim majority.
Several districts which are now part of the Indian state of Punjab had Muslim majorities prior to the partition such as Gurdaspur district.
A group of Sikhs called for the creation of a state known as Khalistan in the 1970s, along with the lines of Pakistan.
This had led to the state of emergency given by Indira Gandhi, who had called in Indian troops to stop the militants who were holding the Golden Temple hostage.
The extremists carried out various attacks, including placing a bomb in an Air India flight over the Atlantic Ocean, killing more than 300 people.
Other terrorist attacks had continued, notably against the Punjab police and others, in which more Sikhs were killed than other groups.
Much of the funding for the fringe group had come from expatriate sources abroad in America and Europe, and most of the Sikh fringe separatist movements were based in Pakistan.
After independence, the Akali Dal, a Sikh-dominated political party active mainly in Punjab, sought to create a Sikh State but idea was not very popular.
A crafts colony of Thatheras was established near Amritsar during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh the 19th Century Sikh Monarch, who encouraged skilled metal crafters from Kashmir to settle here.
The Government of Punjab in India started Project Virasat to revive this craft of making handmade brass and copper products, after the said craft got enlisted on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.
The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory, and the algorithm was presented in an unpublished technical report in 1997 (Needham and Wheeler, 1997).
Several differences from TEA are apparent, including a somewhat more complex key-schedule and a rearrangement of the shifts, XORs, and additions.
presented a related-key differential attack on 27 out of 64 rounds of XTEA, requiring 2 chosen plaintexts and a time complexity of 2 (Ko et al., 2004).
In 2009, Lu presented a related-key rectangle attack on 36 rounds of XTEA, breaking more rounds than any previously published cryptanalytic results for XTEA.
The paper presents two attacks, one without and with a weak key assumption, which corresponds to 2 bytes of data and 2 operations, and 2 bytes of data and 2 operations respectively.
Presented along with XTEA was a variable-width block cipher termed Block TEA, which uses the XTEA round function, but Block TEA applies it cyclically across an entire message for several iterations.
Because it operates on the entire message, Block TEA has the property that it does not need a mode of operation.
An attack on the full Block TEA was described in (Saarinen, 1998), which also details a weakness in Block TEA's successor, XXTEA.
He was born at the beginning of the 11th century in Tus, Iran, in the province of Khorasan, and died in the late 1080s in Tabriz.
Most of the Khorasan province was under violent attack by Turkish groups; many intellectuals fled, and those who remained generally lived in seclusion.
The poem begins with Yama (or Jamshid), the father of Garshāsp, who was overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Ghurang, king of Zabulistan (near modern Quetta).
When Garshāsp's mother poisons herself, he spends much of his life with his grandfather and grows up to be a warrior like Jamshid.
Impressed with the child's prowess, Zahhāk sends Garshāsp to India, where the king (a vassal of Zahhāk's) has been replaced by the rebel prince Bahu (who does not acknowledge Zahhāk's rule).
He then goes to Sarandib (Ceylon), where he sees the footprint of the Buddha (in Muslim sources, identified with the footprint of Adam).
He woos a princess of Rum, restores her father (Eṯreṭ) to his throne in Zābol after his defeat by the King of Kābol and builds the city of Sistān.
Garshāsp and his nephew then go to Turan and defeat the Faghfūr of Chin (an Iranian title for the ruler of Central Asia and China, probably of Sogdian origin), bringing him as a captive to Ferēdūn.
Garshāsp fights a final battle with the king of Tanger, slaying another dragon before he returns to Sistān in Zābolestān and dies.
The dictionary was written to familiarize the people of Arran and Iranian Azerbaijan with unfamiliar phrases in Eastern Persian (Darī) poetry.
A variety of manuscripts exist in Iran and elsewhere; the oldest (1322) may be at the Malek Library in Tehran, although the one written in Safina-yi Tabriz is also from the same period.
The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode.
The control grid usually consists of a cylindrical screen or helix of fine wire surrounding the cathode, and is surrounded in turn by the anode.
The control grid was invented by Lee De Forest, who in 1906 added a grid to the Fleming valve (thermionic diode) to create the first amplifying vacuum tube, the Audion (triode).
In a valve, the hot cathode emits negatively charged electrons, which are attracted to and captured by the anode, which is given a positive voltage by a power supply.
A more negative voltage on the grid will repel the electrons back toward the cathode so fewer get through to the anode.
A given change in grid voltage causes a proportional change in plate current, so if a time-varying voltage is applied to the grid, the plate current waveform will be a copy of the applied grid voltage.
The variation in anode voltage can be much larger than the variation in grid voltage which caused it, and thus the tube can amplify, functioning as an amplifier.
The grid in the first triode valve consisted of a zig-zag piece of wire placed between the filament and the anode.
This quickly evolved into a helix or cylindrical screen of fine wire placed between a single strand filament (or later, a cylindrical cathode) and a cylindrical anode.
The grid is usually made of a very thin wire that can resist high temperatures and is not prone to emitting electrons itself.
The valve's inherent non-linearity causes not only both original signals to appear in the anode circuit, but also the sum and difference of those signals.
This variation usually appears in the pentode form of the valve, where it is then called a variable-mu pentode or remote-cutoff pentode.
One of the principal limitations of the triode valve is that there is considerable capacitance between the grid and the anode (C).
A phenomenon known as the Miller Effect causes the input capacitance of an amplifier to be the product of C and amplification factor of the valve.
This, and the instability of an amplifier with tuned input and output when C is large can severely limit the upper operating frequency.
These effects can be overcome by the addition of a screen grid, however in the later years of the tube era, constructional techniques were developed that rendered this 'parasitic capacitance' so low that triodes operating in the upper very high frequency (VHF) bands became possible.
The anode-grid capacitance of the EC91 is quoted in manufacturer's literature as 2.5 pF, which is higher than many other triodes of the era, while many triodes of the 1920s had figures which are strictly comparable, so there was no advance in this area.
'Modern' pentodes have comparable values of C. Triodes were used in VHF amplifiers in 'grounded-grid' configuration, a circuit arrangement which prevents Miller feedback.
The province has common borders with the Republic of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Autonomous Nakhchivan in the north, West Azerbaijan in the west, Zanjan in the south, and Ardabil in east.
The highest point in East Azerbaijan is the volcanic peak of Sahand Mountain at of elevation, lying south of Tabriz, whereas the lower lying areas are around Garmadooz (Ahar).
The hills and mountains of the province are divided into three ranges: the Qara Daq Mountains, the Sahand and Bozqoosh Mountains, and the Qaflan Kooh Mountains.
Temperatures run up to 8.9 °C in Tabriz, and 20 °C in Maraqeh, in the winter dropping to −10–−15 °C at least (depending on how cold the overall year is).
The Russians in particular have tried to exert a lasting influence in the region over the past 300 years, occupying the area on numerous occasions.
Ethnic tensions in Azerbaijan can legally trace their origins back to the colonialist policies of Imperial Russia and later the Soviet Union.
By the 1996 census two additional counties had been formed, Jolfa from part of Marand, and Malekan from part of Bonab.
In 2010 Kalibar was split in half with the northern part becoming Khoda Afarin, while the southern part kept the name Kalibar.
However the modern Azeri language is a Turkic language very closely related to the language of Republic of Azerbaijan and Turkey.
As a longstanding province of Iran, Azerbaijan is mentioned favorably on many occasions in Persian literature by Iran's greatest authors and poets.
The value of product from these units in 1997 was US$374 million (373 billion rials = 4.07% of the national total).
Some of the major industries in East Azerbaijan are glass industries, paper manufacturing, steel, copper and nepheline syenite, oil refinery, petrochemical processing facilities, chemical products, pharmaceutical processing, foundries, vehicle and auto-parts industries, industrial machines, agricultural machine, food industries, leather and shoe industries.
East Azerbaijan has an excellent position in the handicraft industry of Iran, which has a large share in the exports of the province.
East Azerbaijan province is also one of the richest regions of Iran in natural minerals, with 180 mines in 1997, of which 121 units are currently in operation, and the rest are being planned.
Deeply proud of his working-class roots in the North of England, his most abiding cartoon strips, such as the Cloggies and the Fosdyke Saga, have been set in an exaggerated version of that environment.
He was born in Tranmere, a suburb of Birkenhead, Cheshire, on 9 October 1933 and brought up in Liverpool, where he was educated to the age of 15 at St Margaret's Church of England Academy (then St Margaret's Technical Commercial School), Anfield.
Despite having no formal artistic training, he began to sell cartoons on a freelance basis and soon left the agency to work full-time as a professional cartoonist.
This was broadcast as a radio series in 42 parts by the BBC from 1983, with additional scripting by John Junkin.
Tidy recently restarted producing the Fosdyke Saga cartoon strip on his own website where he also offers a variety of his works for sale.
However, where Larry's cartoons are usually the graphic equivalent of one-liner jokes, Tidy tends to work in longer forms with verbal as well as visual humour.
Estimates suggest that half a million Japanese youths have become social recluses, as well as more than half a million middle-aged individuals.
While the degree of the phenomenon varies on an individual basis, in the most extreme cases, some people remain in isolation for years or even decades.
Indications are that advanced industrialized societies such as modern Japan fail to provide sufficient meaningful transformation rituals for promoting certain susceptible types of youth into mature roles.
As do many societies, Japan exerts a great deal of pressure on adolescents to be successful and perpetuate the existing social status quo.
A traditionally strong emphasis on complex social conduct, rigid hierarchies and the resulting, potentially intimidating multitude of social expectations, responsibilities and duties in Japanese society contribute to this pressure on young adults.
Although the connection between modern communication technologies, such as the Internet, social media and video games, and the phenomenon is not conclusively established, it is considered at least an exacerbating factor that can deepen and nurture withdrawal.
However, according to associate professor of psychiatry at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Takahiro Kato, video games and social media have reduced the amount of time that people spent outside and in social environments that require direct face to face interaction.
The emergence of mobile phones and then smartphones may also have deepened the issue, given that people can continue their addiction to gaming and online surfing anywhere, even in bed.
Echoing the traditional Confucian values of society, the educational system is viewed as playing an important part in society's overall productivity and success.
In this social frame, students often face significant pressure from parents and the society in general to conform to its dictates and doctrines.
Beginning in the 1960s, the pressure on Japanese youth to succeed began successively earlier in their lives, sometimes starting before pre-school, where even toddlers had to compete through an entrance exam for the privilege of attending one of the best pre-schools.
This was said to prepare children for the entrance exam of the best kindergarten, which in turn prepared the child for the entrance exam of the best elementary school, junior high school, high school, and eventually for their university entrance exam.
Since 1996, the Japanese Ministry of Education has taken steps to address this 'pressure-cooker' educational environment and instill greater creative thought in Japanese youth by significantly relaxing the school schedule from six-day weeks to five-day weeks and dropping two subjects from the daily schedule, with new academic curricula more comparable to Western educational models.
After graduating from high school or university, Japanese youth also have to face a very difficult job market in Japan, often finding only part-time employment and ending up as freeters with little income, unable to start a family.
In some patients, the malignant cell clone can become the dominant proliferating cell type, leading to frank lymphoma, a group of B cell lymphomas occurring in immunosuppressed patients following organ transplant.
However, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and ciclosporin), used as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation inhibit T cell function, and can prevent the control of the B cell proliferation.
Depletion of T cells by use of anti-T cell antibodies in the prevention or treatment of transplant rejection further increases the risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
PET scan may be helpful in the evaluation, which may show an increase in metabolic activity (PET avid) lesion, potentially guiding decisions on where to direct biopsies.
This may be evaluated with an MRI of the brain with gadolinium based contrast and lumbar spinal tap with testing of the cerebral spinal fluid for EBV viral levels.
PTLD may spontaneously regress on reduction or cessation of immunosuppressant medication, and can also be treated with addition of anti-viral therapy.
PTLD is the 2nd most common malignancy that occurs as a complication following solid organ transplantation (skin cancer is the most common).
The highest rates of PTLD are seen with lung and heart transplants, which is primarily due to the need for higher levels of immunosuppression.
The incidence of PTLD is highest in the first year after transplantation; roughly 80 percent of cases after transplant occur in the first year.
Individuals who have never been infected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV negative) who receive an organ from a donor with prior EBV infection are 24 times more likely to develop PTLD.
The fortress is located at the northern end of walled city Lahore, and spreads over an area greater than 20 hectares.
The Lahore Fort is notable for having been almost entirely rebuilt in the 17th century, when the Mughal Empire was at the height of its splendour and opulence.
Though the site of the Lahore Fort has been inhabited for millennia, the first record of a fortified structure at the site was in regard to an 11th-century mud-brick fort.
The foundations of the modern Lahore Fort date to 1566 during the reign of Emperor Akbar, who bestowed the fort with a syncretic architectural style that featured both Islamic and Hindu motifs.
Additions from the Shah Jahan period are characterized by luxurious marble with inlaid Persian floral designs, while the fort's grand and iconic Alamgiri Gate was constructed by the last of the great Mughal Emperors, Aurangzeb, and faces the renowned Badshahi Mosque.
After the fall of the Mughal Empire, Lahore Fort was used as the residence of Emperor Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire.
The fort then passed to British colonialists after they annexed Punjab following their victory over the Sikhs at the Battle of Gujrat in February 1849.
The fort's Alamgiri gate is part of an ensemble of buildings, which along with the Badshahi Mosque, Roshnai Gate, and Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, form a quadrangle around the Hazuri Bagh.
Though the site is known to have been inhabited for millennia, the origins of Lahore Fort are obscure and traditionally based on various myths.
The first historical reference to a fort at the site is from the 11th century during the rule of Mahmud of Ghazni.
A new fort was constructed in 1267 at the site by Sultan Balban of the Turkic Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
The re-built fort was destroyed in 1398 by the invading forces of Timur, only to be rebuilt by Mubarak Shah Sayyid in 1421, In the 1430s, the fort was occupied by Shaikh Ali of Kabul.
and remained under the control of the Pashtun sultans of the Lodi dynasty until Lahore was captured by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1526.
The present design and structure of the fort traces its origins to 1575, when the Mughal Emperor Akbar occupied the site as a post to guard the northwest frontier of the empire.
The strategic location of Lahore, between the Mughal territories and the strongholds of Kabul, Multan, and Kashmir necessitated the dismantling of the old mud-fort and fortification with solid brick masonry.
British visitors to the fort noted Christian iconography during the Jahangir period, with paintings of the Madonna and Jesus found in the fort complex.
Jahangir bestowed the massive Picture Wall, a by wall which is exquisitely decorated with a vibrant array of glazed tile, faience mosaics, and frescoes.
Many of the scenes displayed on this ‘Picture Wall’ illustrate the court life of the Mughal sovereigns, their sports and their pastimes.
While the mosque likely served as a Friday congregational mosque for members of the Royal Court, it was not financed by Jahangir, although it likely required his approval.
Though construction of the Shah Burj commenced under Jahangir, Shah Jahan was displeased with its design and appointed Asif Khan to oversee reconstruction.
Emperor Aurangzeb, built the Alamgiri Gate, whose semi-circular towers and domed pavilions are a widely recognised symbol of Lahore that was once featured on Pakistani currency.
The Mughals lost the fort to the Afghan Durranis, who in turn briefly lost the fort to Maratha forces before being recaptured by the Durranis.
The fort was then captured by the Bhangi Misl - one of the 12 Sikh Misls of Punjab that ruled Lahore from 1767 until 1799.
The fort and the city had remained under the control of Ranjit Singh's family until the fall of the Sikh empire in 1849.
The fort's Diwan-i-Aam was destroyed in 1841 when the son of Ranjit Singh, Sher Singh bombarded the fort in his fight against Chand Kaur.
Excavations in 1959 in front of Diwan-i-Am led to the discovery of a gold coin dated 1025 CE belonging to Mahmud Ghaznavi.
The cultural layers were continuous to the depth of indicating that the fort was inhabited by people even before his conquest.
While relaying the deteriorated floor of Akbari Gate in April 2007, three floors in the fort were unearthed belonging to the British, Sikh and Mughal period.
The original entrance faces the Maryam Zamani Mosque and the larger Alamgiri gate opens towards Hazuri Bagh through the majestic Badshahi mosque.
The Naulakha Pavilion is an iconic sight of the Lahore Fort built in 1633 during the Shah Jahan period that is made of prominent white marble, and known for its distinctive curvilinear roof.
The Naulakha pavilion served as a personal chamber and was located to the west of the Sheesh Mahal, in the northern section of the fort.
It reflects a mixture of contemporary traditions at the time of its construction, with a sloping-roof based on a Bengali style, and a baldachin from Europe, which makes evident the imperial as well as religious function of the pavilion.
The monumental Picture Wall is a large section of the outer wall which is exquisitely decorated with a vibrant array of glazed tile, faience mosaics, and frescoes.
The wall contains 116 panels, which depict a myriad of subjects, including elephant fights, angels, and polo games that do not form a cohesive narrative; each can be viewed in isolation.
Though begun under Jahangir, the Picture Wall was decorated throughout the 1620s, and may have been completed under the reign of his son, Shah Jahan.
Conservation works at the site began in 2015 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and Walled City of Lahore Authority, which together have also restored other Lahore landmarks such as the Wazir Khan Mosque and Shahi Hammam.
It was constructed under the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1631-32 by Mirza Ghiyas Begh, the grand father of Mumtaz Mahal, and father of Nur Jahan.
They were used as a residence during hot weather months, as they were cooled by effective ventilation systems that channeled cool breezes into the palace.
The palace's flooring system also helped cool the space - its floors were made of two layers that were separated by a layer of water pumped in from the Ravi River.
Its walls were decorated with intricate frescoes and marble inlay that have been severely deteriorate by layers of subsequent white-washing and centuries of dampness.
Passage tunnels also exist that lead from the palace to the fort's exterior where the River Ravi once flowed, suggesting that it may have been part of an escape tunnel designed to allow occupants to flee in case of attack.
After the defeat of the Sikh empire in the Second Anglo Sikh War, it went into the hands of the British East India Company and in 1858, into the hands of the British Raj, and its appointed agents and executors.
Beginning in World War 2, the Summer Palace was used as a storehouse for the British Civil Defence Department, and remained in use by Pakistan until 1973.
As of 2014, the Walled City of Lahore Authority has assumed control of the space in order to undertake restoration works with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture Following its restoration, the space will house the Lahore Fort's museum.
The vaulted ceilings in the pavilion feature paintings in a European-influenced style of angels which symbolize the virtuosity of King Solomon, who is regarded as the ideal ruler in the Quran, and a ruler with whom Jahangir identified.
Like the nearby Kala Burj, the Lal Burj was built during the reign of Jahangir, though finished during the reign of Shah Jahan.
The interior frescoes date mostly from the Sikh era, along with the entire upper level that was also added during the Sikh era.
The collection of buildings surrounding the quadrangle situated between Jahangir's Quadrangle and Khilawat Khana is referred to as Shah Jahan's Quadrangle.
In contrast to the Diwan-i-Aam, the Diwan-i-Khas served as a hall where the Emperor would attend to matters of the state, and where courtiers and state guests were received.
It was built by Shah Jahan under the supervision of Wazir Khan in 1634 during his first visit to the city.
The chambers feature carved marble screens, and are decorated with inlaid white marble and frescoes, It is the first building built by Shah Jahan in the fort.
Though named for Jahangir, construction on the site began during the reign of Akbar, but was completed in 1620 under Jahangir.
The quadrangle's layout differs from other Mughal quadrangles which are based upon the layout of a Persian paradise garden, and instead is formed by concentric rectangles with a fountain in its centre.
The Diwan-i-Aam was built by Shah Jahan in 1628 in a prominent part of the fort immediately south of Jahangir's Quadrangle.
Shah Jahan's Diwan-i-Aam was destroyed in 1841 when the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Sher Singh bombarded the fort in his fight against Maharani Chand Kaur, the wife of Mahraja Kharak Singh.
It was later occupied by the British where the first and the ground floor were used as a Commandant's Quarters and godown and servants house respectively.
Designed by Khawaja Jahan Muhammad Dost, it was used as passage to the Audience Hall from the palace buildings to the north.
The white marble structure is among its prominent extensions (such as Sheesh Mahal and Naulakha pavilion) to the Lahore Fort Complex.
The interior is simple and plain with the exception of ceilings that are decorated and designed in four different orders, two arcuate, and two trabeated.
When the British took over Punjab in 1849, they discovered precious stones wrapped in bits of rags and placed in velvet purses scattered inside the mosque, along with other inventory.
The Naag temple is a Sikh temple built by Chand Kaur, the wife of Kharak Singh, daughter in law of the then ruling Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
In 1980, Government of Pakistan nominated the fort for inclusion in UNESCO World Heritage Site based on the criteria i, ii, and iii together with the Shalimar.
In the fifth meeting session held in Sydney in October 1981, the World Heritage Site committee added both the monuments to the list.
In 2000, Pakistan sent a letter to the organization to include both the sites in List of World Heritage in Danger and sought help to restore the damaged part of the outer walls and hydraulic works of Shalamar Gardens.
In April 2006, it was reported that officials had urged UNESCO to remove the name of the fort from the list of endangered World Heritage Sites because of extensive restoration work funded by Norway, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and France.
After years of extensive renovation and restoration work, the fort and Shalimar Gardens were removed from the endangered list in June 2012.
Though in 1990, UNESCO had ordered the Punjab Archaeological Department to bar the use of the Fort for state or private functions on account of historical significance, a wedding reception was held in violation on December 23, 2010.
The Antiquities Act of 1975, which prohibits the use of historical places to protect them from damage, was violated in the following month by hosting a dinner in the Diwan-i-Khas.
Conservation works at the Picture Wall began in 2015 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and Walled City of Lahore Authority.
Under the new Local Government Act of Punjab, 2013, Shahi Qila also serves as a union council located in the Ravi Zone.
Beginning her career on the stage, Bennett then appeared in more than 70 films from the era of silent movies, well into the sound era.
Bennett's career had three distinct phases: first as a winsome blonde ingenue, then as a sensuous brunette femme fatale (with looks that movie magazines often compared to those of Hedy Lamarr), and finally as a warmhearted wife-and-mother figure.
In 1951, Bennett's screen career was marred by scandal after her third husband, film producer Walter Wanger, shot and injured her agent Jennings Lang.
Joan Geraldine Bennett was born in the Palisade section of Fort Lee, New Jersey, on February 27, 1910, the youngest of three daughters of actor Richard Bennett and actress/literary agent Adrienne Morrison.
Her older sisters were actress Constance Bennett and actress/dancer Barbara Bennett, who was the first wife of singer Morton Downey and the mother of Morton Downey Jr.
Part of a famous theatrical family, Bennett's maternal grandfather was Jamaica-born Shakespearean actor Lewis Morrison, who embarked on a stage career in the late 1860s.
On the side of her maternal grandmother, actress Rose Wood, the profession dated back to traveling minstrels in 18th century England.
She attended Miss Hopkins School for Girls in Manhattan, then St. Margaret's, a boarding school in Waterbury, Connecticut, and L'Hermitage, a finishing school in Versailles, France.
They had one child, Adrienne Ralston Fox (born February 20, 1928), for whom Bennett fought successfully in court to rename Diana Bennett Markey, when the child was eight years old.
On March 16, 1932, she married screenwriter/film producer Gene Markey in Los Angeles, but the couple divorced in Los Angeles on June 3, 1937.
This movie brought Bennett to the attention of independent film producer Walter Wanger, who signed her to a contract and began managing her career.
With her change in appearance, Bennett began an entirely new screen career as her persona evolved into that of a glamorous, seductive femme fatale.
The following year on March 13, 1949, she became a grandmother at age 39, similar to her co-star Elizabeth Taylor who became a grandmother at the same age (she and Taylor also shared a February 27 birthday, and each gave birth to one of their children on their birthdays.
She then appeared in a sequence of highly regarded film noir thrillers directed by Fritz Lang, with whom she and Wanger formed their own production company.
Then, easily shifting images again, she changed her screen persona to that of an elegant, witty and nurturing wife and mother in two comedies directed by Vincente Minnelli.
She was a very active member of both the Hollywood Democratic Committee and The Hollywood Anti-Nazi League and donated her time and money to many liberal causes (such as the Civil Rights Movement) and political candidates (including Franklin D. Roosevelt, Henry Wallace, Adlai Stevenson, John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Jimmy Carter) during her lifetime.
She and the onetime vice-president of the Sam Jaffe Agency, who now headed MCA's West Coast television operations, met on the afternoon of December 13, 1951, to talk over an upcoming TV show.
Bennett parked her Cadillac convertible in the lot at the back of the MCA offices, at Santa Monica Boulevard and Rexford Drive, across the street from the Beverly Hills Police Department, and she and Lang drove off in his car.
As she started the engine, turned on the headlights, and prepared to drive away, Lang leaned on the car, with both hands raised to his shoulders, and talked to her.
The police station was located across the lot, officers had heard the shots, and came to the scene and found the gun in Bennett's car when they took Wanger into custody.
She blamed the trouble on financial setbacks involving film productions Wanger was involved with, and said he was on the verge of a nervous breakdown.
She read the prepared statement in the bedroom of her home to a group of newspapermen while TV cameras recorded the scene.
Wanger served a four-month sentence in the County Honor Farm at Castaic, California, 39 miles north of Downtown Los Angeles, quickly returning to his career to make a series of successful films.
After the 1951 shooting, Bennett made only five movies in the decade that followed, and only two films in the 1970s, as the shooting incident was a stain on her career and she became virtually blacklisted.
Bennett died of heart failure on Friday evening, December 7, 1990, at age 80 at her home in Scarsdale, New York.
The title Guest used derived from a mediaeval copyist error already established in the 18th century by William Owen Pughe and the London Welsh societies.
As an accomplished linguist, and the wife of a foremost Welsh ironmaster John Josiah Guest she became a leading figure in the study of literature and the wider Welsh Renaissance of the 19th century.
With her second husband, as Charles Schreiber, she became a well known Victorian collector of porcelain; their collection is held in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Lady Charlotte was born on 19 May 1812 at Uffington House in Uffington, Lincolnshire, the daughter of Albemarle Bertie, 9th Earl of Lindsey (1744–1818), and his second wife Charlotte Susanna Elizabeth Layard.
When she was six years old she suffered the loss of her father and during this year she was also caught in a house fire, from which she escaped.
It appears that she particularly enjoyed the refuge of the garden and with time she developed a dislike for being kept inside.
Ever since she was young she had a keen interest in politics and keenly expressed her views on topics that she had formed an opinion in.
From looking at Lady Charlotte’s life it is clear that her life is very structured as she was someone who rose early and apparently despised laziness.
Some members of the family were bullied, for example Lindsey, so he was swiftly taken out of school and a tutor came once again.
It appears that Lady Charlotte did not have any close friends and if any she was closest to the O’Brien sisters.
Many of the wealthier people during the 19th century helped develop educational and leisure facilities for the people who worked for them: this is something that the Guests also did.
Despite her sex, a great disadvantage in that day in public affairs, Lady Charlotte managed to propagate her ideas and implement many of her educational developments.
Originally there was a subscription fee of 1s 6d, however this was later changed in 1853 and it became a public library.
Dowlais Ironworks was a major 19th-century ironworks located near Merthyr Tydfil, one of the four main ironworks in Merthyr - the other three were Cyfarthfa, Plymouth and Penydarren Ironworks.
As a result of this Lady Guest would be sole trustee while a widow but she remarried in 1855 to Charles Schreiber and de facto control fell to Clark although there are reports that she gave up running the iron works, and instead travelled and assembled an impressive ceramics collection.
She learned Welsh, and associated with leading literary scholars of the Abergavenny Welsh Society Cymdeithas Cymreigyddion y Fenni, notably including Thomas Price, and John Jones (Tegid) who supported and encouraged her in her work.
John Jones (Tegid) borrowed a copy of the Llyfr Coch Hergest manuscript for her from Judge Bosanquet, who had originally commissioned him to transcribe a copy when Tegid was a young scholar at Oxford.
The seven volume series 1838-45, and the three volume set 1849, were all bilingual, presenting Tegid's transcribed Welsh text, and Guest's English translation.
The next edition in 1877 was the English translation only, and this became the standard edition which was to become so very well known.
These are not just four stories, as each contains at least three tales, but they are formally referred to as four tales out of the eleven which comprise the standardised Mabinogion collection, post-Guest.
Guest's own collection included twelve stories, adding in the Hanes Taliesin which is subsequently omitted by other scholars, as it is not found in the Llyfr Coch Hergest, or the Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch, like the rest.
In 2007 the leading modern scholar of the field, John Bollard, challenged the validity of the Mabinogion collection, saying that apart from the Four Branches of the Mabinogi which are coherent, the stories have little in common with each other except that they are prose fictions surviving in the same mediaeval manuscripts.
She made friends with the learned men of the time and almost married (the future Prime Minister) Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881), who was attracted to her intelligence.
Furthermore, her first love is believed to have been Augustus O’Brien whom she had met at the age of fourteen, something which was later described as the best day of her life.
However, this relationship was doomed as her mother was entirely against her daughter being bound to the son of a local squire, even going as far as to claim that she would sooner see her daughter in a grave than married to Augustus.
At the age of twenty-one, she moved to London and met Guest, a successful ironmaster and the first Member of Parliament from the town of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales.
Her husband, John Josiah Guest, was an industrialist, a foremost Welsh ironmaster, the owner of the Dowlais Iron Company which was the largest of its day.
The couple married on 29 July 1833 and moved into a new mansion built near the Dowlais Iron Company in Merthyr Tydfil.
But although he was an MP, extremely wealthy, and of good family, he was much lower in status than his aristocratic wife, which caused her significant social strain for some years.
She took an enthusiastic interest in her husband's philanthropic activities on behalf of the local community, and they built pioneering schools for their workers, as well as piping in clean water for their cottages when this was still a very new technology.
She was increasingly trusted by her husband as his assistant at the ironworks, and she acted as his representative for the company.
The decline of Josiah's health meant that Charlotte spent more time administering the business and took it over completely following his death in 1852.
She negotiated strikes and a slump, and stood up to other foundry owners, stabilising the business until in 1855 she could hand on the business to her eldest son, Ivor, and the manager G. T. Clark.
Charlotte then married Charles Schreiber (10 May 1826 – 31 March 1884) a classical scholar who had recently been her sons' tutor, and who was 14 years her junior.
The difference in status and age created a major social scandal and set her apart from many of her former close friends such as Augusta Hall.
In her last few years, she became blind, and finally was unable to continue the journal she had written almost without a break since she was 10 years old.
On 15 January, 1895, at Canford Manor in Dorset, surrounded by her children, and grandchildren, and extended family she died at the age of 82.
Among her many grandchildren were: Edward Ponsonby, the 8th Earl of Bessborough, Granville Eliot (1867–1942) and Montague Eliot (1870–1960), who became the 7th and 8th Earls of St Germans, respectively.
Ivor Bertie Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne, 2nd Baronet, DL (29 August 1835 – 22 February 1914) was a Welsh industrialist and a member of the prominent Guest family.
His siblings included Montague Guest (1839–1909), a Liberal politician, Arthur Edward Guest (1841–1898), a Conservative politician, Charlotte Maria Guest (d. 1902), Mary Enid Evelyn Guest, who married Austen Henry Layard, and Blanche Guest, who married Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough.
Guest was educated at Harrow School in Middlesex, and he went on to gain a Master of Arts degree in 1856 from Trinity College, Cambridge.
In 1880, he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Wimborne, of Canford Magna in the County of Dorset, on Disraeli's initiative.
Guest was commissioned a cornet in the Dorsetshire Yeomanry on 20 April 1858 and was promoted to lieutenant on 11 March 1867.
He held the office of High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1862 and was the mayor of Poole from 1896 to 1897.
From 1874 on, he stood unsuccessfully for election to the House of Commons as a Conservative, contesting Glamorganshire at the 1874 general election, Poole at a by-election in May 1874, and Bristol at a by-election in 1878 and at the 1880 general election.
She was the daughter of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough, thus making Guest an uncle-by-marriage of Winston Churchill, later the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
He died on 22 February 1914 at Canford Manor in Dorset and was succeeded by his eldest son, Ivor Churchill Guest, 2nd Baron Wimborne, 1st Baron Ashby St Ledgers, who was later created Viscount Wimborne.
The man in charge was a recurring character – Director Treem (no first name given) – a moustachioed dark-haired man in a chalk pinstripe business suit.
Treem was apparently not a scientist, as the scientists were drawn wearing white lab coats, but he once described himself as a former potential Nobel Prize candidate, was scientifically literate, and often got into detailed technical discussions with his staff.
He was an outstanding pupil of Franz Liszt and a friend and colleague of some of the greatest musicians of his age, including Johannes Brahms, Johann Strauss, Anton Rubinstein, Hans von Bülow, Camille Saint-Saëns, Jules Massenet and Isaac Albéniz.
Rosenthal was born in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (later Lwów, Poland, now Lviv, Ukraine) into a Jewish family, where his father was professor at the chief academy.
In 1872, Rosenthal became a pupil of Karol Mikuli, Chopin's pupil and editor, who trained him along more academic lines at Lviv Conservatory.
He had immediate success and after a tour of Romania he was made Court Pianist of Romania when he was fourteen years of age.
Having the conviction that a well-rounded classical education was necessary in his work as an interpreter, he studied at the Staats Gymnasium in Vienna and at the University, where he was a pupil in philosophy under Von Zimmerman and Brentano and in esthetics under Hanslick.
His general education, however, was not neglected, and in 1880 Rosenthal qualified to take the philosophical course at the University of Vienna.
Six years later he resumed his career with the piano, achieving brilliant success in Leipzig, and in Boston, where he made his U.S. debut in 1888, and subsequently in England in 1895.
Born in Hamburg, he received his first violin lessons from his father, and made his first public appearance at the age of six.
In 1868 Schradieck returned to Hamburg, to take up the position of conductor of the Philharmonic Society, vacated by Leopold Auer.
After six years he became concertmaster at the Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig, professor at the Leipzig Conservatory, and leader of the theater orchestra.
In need of a complete change, he left Leipzig for Cincinnati, Ohio, where he taught at the College of Music of Cincinnati, and also organized a symphony orchestra.
He was a member of the Beta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity at Combs College of Music, initiated in either 1900 or 1906, and was active in the Fraternity's New York Alumni Club.
In addition to writing pedagogic material for the violin in the way of studies and finger exercises, and earning the reputation of being one of the foremost violin teachers of that day, he also interested himself in matters connected with the making of violins.
Nixon and McKinna formed The Magic Bullet Band, and they toured in support of the Kula Shaker reunion tour in early 2006, but did not release any material.
It is home to two British government facilities: a site of the Ministry of Defence's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) – known for over 100 years as one of the UK's most secretive and controversial military research facilities, occupying – and a site of Public Health England.
Porton Down opened in 1916 as the War Department Experimental Station, shortly thereafter renamed the Royal Engineers Experimental Station, for testing chemical weapons in response to German use of this means of war in 1915.
The laboratory's remit was to conduct research and development regarding chemical weapons agents used by the British armed forces in the First World War, such as chlorine, mustard gas, and phosgene.
By May 1917, the focus for anti-gas defence and respirator development had moved from London to Porton Down, and by 1918, the original two huts had become a large hutted camp with 50 officers and 1,100 other ranks.
By 1926, the chemical defence aspects of Air Raid Precautions (ARP) for the civilian population was added to the Station's responsibilities.
In 1929 the Royal Engineers Experimental Station became the Chemical Warfare Experimental Station (CWES) (1929–1930), and in 1930 the Chemical Defence Experimental Station (CDES) (1930–1948).
In 1930 Britain ratified the 1925 Geneva Protocol with reservations, which permitted the use of chemical warfare agents only in retaliation.
By 1938, the international situation was such that the Cabinet authorised offensive chemical warfare research and development and the production of war reserve stocks of chemical warfare agents by the chemical industry.
As Allied armies penetrated Germany, they discovered operational stockpiles of munitions and weapons that contained new chemical warfare agents, including highly toxic organophosphorous nerve agents such as sarin, unknown to Britain and the Allies at the time.
To examine biological weapons, a highly secret separate department, called the Biology Department, Porton (BDP), was established within CDES in 1940, under veteran microbiologist Paul Fildes.
Its focus included anthrax and botulinum toxin, and in 1942 it famously carried out tests of an anthrax bio-weapon at Gruinard Island.
The Common Cold Unit (CCU) was sometimes confused with the MRE, with which it occasionally collaborated but was not officially connected.
When the Second World War ended, the advanced state of German technology regarding the organophosphorous nerve agents, such as tabun, sarin and soman, had surprised the Allies, who were eager to capitalise on it.
Subsequent research took the newly discovered German nerve agents as a starting point, and eventually VX nerve agent was developed at Porton Down in 1952.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, research and development at Porton Down was aimed at providing Britain with the means to arm itself with a modern nerve agent-based capability and to develop specific means of defence against these agents.
In the end these aims came to nothing on the offensive side because of the decision to abandon any sort of British chemical warfare capability in favour of nuclear weapons.
On the defensive side there were years of difficult work to develop the means of prophylaxis, therapy, rapid detection and identification, decontamination, and more effective protection of the body against nerve agents, capable of exerting effects through the skin, the eyes and respiratory tract.
Tests were carried out on servicemen to determine the effects of nerve agents on human subjects, with one recorded death due to a nerve gas experiment.
There have been persistent allegations of unethical human experimentation at Porton Down, such as those relating to the death of Leading Aircraftman Ronald Maddison, aged 20, in 1953.
Maddison was taking part in sarin nerve agent toxicity tests; sarin was dripped onto his arm and he died shortly afterwards.
In the 1950s, the station, now renamed the Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment (CDEE), became involved with the development of CS, a riot-control agent, and took an increasing role in trauma and wound ballistics work.
Both these facets of Porton Down's work had become more important because of the unrest and increasing violence in Northern Ireland.
Preoccupation with defence against nerve agents continued, but in the 1970s and 1980s, the Establishment was also concerned with studying reported chemical warfare by Iraq against Iran and against its own Kurdish population.
Porton Down was the laboratory where initial samples of the Ebola virus were sent in 1976 during the first confirmed outbreak of the disease in Africa.
The laboratory now contains samples of some of the world's most aggressive pathogens, including Ebola, anthrax and the plague, and is leading the UK's current research into viral inoculations.
Until 2001 the military installation of Porton Down was part of the UK government's Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) when it was split into QinetiQ, initially a fully government-owned company, and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl).
A factory in Sutton Oak, St Helens was requisitioned in 1917 by the War Department, renamed HM Factory, Sutton Oak and started producing the chemical warfare agent diphenyl chloroarsine.
During the 1920s, the site switched to producing mustard gas products, starting with the HS variant and adding the HT variant in the 1930s, and also filling armaments.
Manufacture of sarin in a pilot production facility commenced there in the early 1950s, producing about 20 tons from 1954 until 1956.
It was intended as a stockpile and production facility for the UK's chemical defences during the Cold War, focussed on nerve agents, including small amounts of VX intended mainly for laboratory test purposes and to validate plant designs and optimise chemical processes for potential mass-production; full-scale production of VX agent never took place.
In the late 1950s, the chemical weapons production plant was mothballed, but was maintained through the 1960s and 1970s in a state whereby production could easily re-commence if required.
Expansion started in 2016, with £9.5m in funding from Wiltshire Council, the Swindon and Wiltshire Local Enterprise Partnership and the European Regional Development Fund.
In 1942, Gruinard Island was dangerously contaminated with anthrax after a cloud of anthrax spores was released over the island during a trial.
In 1981, a team of activists landed on the island and collected soil samples, a bag of which was left at the door at Porton Down.
Testing showed that it still contained anthrax spores and in 1986 the Government felt obliged to take necessary steps to successfully decontaminate the island.
Between 1963 and 1975 the MRE carried out trials in Lyme Bay in which live bacteria were sprayed from a ship to be carried ashore by the wind to simulate an anthrax attack.
When the trials became public knowledge in the late 1990s, Dorset County Council, Weymouth and Portland Borough Council and Purbeck District Council demanded a public inquiry to investigate the experiments.
The Government refused a Public Inquiry but instead commissioned Professor Brian Spratt, to conduct an Independent Review of the possible adverse health effects.
In 2002 a first inquest and in May 2004, a second inquest into the death of Ronald Maddison during testing of the nerve agent sarin commenced after his relatives and their supporters had lobbied for many years, which found his death to have been unlawful.
In February 2006, three ex-servicemen were awarded compensation in an out-of-court settlement after they had claimed they were given LSD without their consent during the 1950s.
We visit it, but, with eleven members of Parliament and five staff covering a labyrinthine department like the Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces, it would be quite erroneous of me and misleading for me to say that we know everything that's going on in Porton Down.
It's too big for us to know, and secondly, there are many things happening there that I'm not even certain Ministers are fully aware of, let alone Parliamentarians.
The biotechnology company GW Pharmaceuticals, which researches and develops cannabinoid formulations as potential therapeutics, has a facility at the Tetricus Science Park on the Porton Down site.
Dstl's Biomedical Sciences department is involved with drug evaluation and efficacy testing (toxicology, pharmacology, physiology, behavioural science, human science), trauma and surgery studies, and animal breeding.
It is currently used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and in the treatment of renal cell cancer and other tumours.
Much research has also been conducted on everolimus and other mTOR inhibitors as targeted therapy for use in a number of cancers.
It is marketed by Novartis under the trade names Zortress (USA) and Certican (Europe and other countries) in transplantation medicine, and as Afinitor (general tumours) and Votubia (tumours as a result of TSC) in oncology.
NHS England has been criticised for delays in deciding on a policy for the prescription of everolimus in the treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis.
In May 2015 it was reported that Luke Henry and Stephanie Rudwick, the parents of a child suffering from Tuberous Sclerosis were trying to sell their home in Brighton to raise £30,000 to pay for treatment for their daughter Bethany who has tumours on her brain, kidneys and liver and suffers from up to 50 epileptic fits a day.
Interim phase III trial results in 2011 showed that adding Afinitor (everolimus) to exemestane therapy against advanced breast cancer can significantly improve progression-free survival compared with exemestane therapy alone.
A group of patients with advanced metastasic bladder carcinoma (NCT00805129) treated with everolimus revealed a single patient who had a complete response to everolimus treatment for 26 months.
They found that mutations in TSC1 led to a lengthened duration of response to everolimus and to an increase in the time to cancer recurrence.
Compared with the parent compound rapamycin, everolimus is more selective for the mTORC1 protein complex, with little impact on the mTORC2 complex.
This can lead to a hyper-activation of the kinase AKT via inhibition on the mTORC1 negative feedback loop, while not inhibiting the mTORC2 positive feedback to AKT.
Additionally, mTORC2 is believed to play an important role in glucose metabolism and the immune system, suggesting that selective inhibition of mTORC1 by drugs such as everolimus could achieve many of the benefits of rapamycin without the associated glucose intolerance and immunosuppression.
As a consequence, mRNAs that code for proteins implicated in the cell cycle and in the glycolysis process are impaired or altered, and tumor growth is inhibited.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 42% of everolimus-treated patients and included 3 fatal events (cardiac failure, respiratory failure, and septic shock).
The most common adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 30%) were stomatitis, infections, diarrhea, peripheral edema, fatigue and rash.
The most common blood abnormalities found (incidence greater than or equal to 50%) were anemia, hypercholesterolemia, lymphopenia, elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) and fasting hyperglycemia.
Everolimus may have a role in heart transplantation, as it has been shown to reduce chronic allograft vasculopathy in such transplants.
Although, sirolimus had generated fears over use of m-TOR inhibitors in liver transplantation recipients, due to possible early hepatic artery thrombosis and graft loss, use of everolimus in the setting of liver transplantation is promising.
Jeng et al., in their study of 43 patients, concluded the safety of everolimus in the early phase after living donor liver transplantation.
A target trough level of 3 ng/mL at 3 months was shown to be beneficial in recipients with pre-transplant renal dysfunction.
In their study, 6 of 9 renal failure patients showed significant recovery of renal function, whereas 3 showed further deterioration, one of whom required hemodialysis.
Recently published report by Thorat et al showed a positive impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when everolimus was used as primary immunosuppression starting as early as first week after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) surgery.
In their retrospective and prospective analysis at China Medical University Hospital in Taiwan, the study cohort (n=66) was divided in two groups depending upon the postoperative immunosuppression.
The first 12-month report of ongoing Everolimus multicenter prospective trial in LDLT (H2307 trial), Jeng LB et al have shown a 0% recurrence of HCC in everolimus group at 12 months.
Jeng LB concluded that an early introduction of everolimus + reduced tacrolimus was non-inferior to standard tacrolimus in terms of efficacy and renal function at 12 months, with HCC recurrence only in tacrolimus control patients.
Inhibition of mTOR, the molecular target of everolimus, extends the lifespan of model organisms including mice, and mTOR inhibition has been suggested as an anti-aging therapy.
Everolimus was used in a recent clinical trial by Novartis, and short-term treatment was shown to enhance the response to the influenza vaccine in the elderly, possible by reversing immunosenescence.
This particular variation of the art involved two teams dancing towards each other in formation, followed by each attempting to cripple their opponents with gracefully executed knee and foot moves.
Their capacity for beer was legendary; their home venue, the Clog & Bells, Blagdon, where Doris the barmaid was always in a welcoming mood.
As a reflection of the officious nature of league officials and umpires (who always had it in for the lads) the scoring system was deeply arcane and complex, with final scores such as 124.863 to 92 being recorded.
In one cartoon, the Cloggies were selected to represent Great Britain in the 1966 International Folk Dance Festival, beating the USSR in the final despite Wally’s double hernia, and returned victorious to Blagdon with the Gold Boot of Strichtenstein.
They were persuaded to turn professional by their new manager, Morris ‘Zip’ Fassner (later Shufflebottom) and embarked on a world tour before once more returning to the Clog & Bells and rejoining their local league.
Their opponents included The Bull & Veterinary Surgeon, The Rat & Goldfish, The Horse & Shovel, The Truss & Slagheap, The Fox & Pervert, The Grunting Duck and Gridley’s Soap Works.
Although other dancers have more recently appropriated the name, The Cloggies originally took on a real life of their own in 1968 when a group of students at University Hall, Buckland, Oxfordshire, became so inspired by the cartoon characters’ pub-oriented career that they formed their own squad.
Photographs from the period show the team in the following order: Stan (Pete Metcalfe), Wally (Gwyn Ellis), Neville (John Barton), Arnold (Iain Murray), Ted (Andy Carr) and Albert (Al Guyver).
The preliminary round took place at Lord Faringdon’s private theatre, whose stage was just wide enough to accommodate six Cloggies dancing abreast.
The adjudicator seemed much more enthusiastic two hours and several pints later, but there was a serious delay in getting the Cloggies from the bar and back on stage.
Their performance was hampered by a spread of fruit and milk underfoot from the previous orgy scene and most spectators felt it was a disaster.
Buckland was one of eight chosen from sixty universities and colleges to travel to Southampton University for the Student Drama Festival Finals in the winter of 1970/71.
In mid-2003, Daniel Johns and Paul Mac got together to produce the album, recording the basic tracks in London, and finishing it off in Sydney and Newcastle.
However, the band have been on hiatus since 2005 due to work with other projects (Silverchair, The Presets, and more recently Johns' solo work), and have not publicly stated plans for future albums or performances.
The Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (commonly known as ARIA Music Awards or ARIA Awards) is an annual series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry, presented by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).
The APRA Music Awards are several award ceremonies run in Australia by Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.
Songwriter of the Year is voted by APRA's Board of Writer and Publisher Directors rewarding the songwriter who has recorded the most impressive body of work in the previous year.
It tells the tragic story of an eccentric but brilliant book peddler, Jakob Mendel, who spends his days trading in one of Vienna's many coffeehouses.
With his encyclopaedic mind and devotion to literature, the Poland-born Russian-Jewish immigrant is not only tolerated but liked and admired by both the owner of his local Café Gluck and the cultured Viennese clients with whom he interacts in the pre-war period.
His mind no longer remembers, his eyes can no longer read, the café undergoes new, brittle ownership, and his clientele have disappeared.
What initially reads as another of the many modest human dramas that Zweig made his speciality, this small tale actually has a far more panoramic sub-plot, for it is a metaphor of World War I's impact on Viennese life and culture.
It is also particularly interesting to the historian for understanding the strategies by which post-war writers re-imagined pre-war Vienna, how they conceptualised the war itself, and how memory and myth deeply influenced their conception of history.
The PJP was centered in Birmingham, where it took City Council seats from the long-dominant Labour Party, drawing its support from Birmingham's Kashmiri population; there were some 90,000 residents of Azad Kashmiri descent in Birmingham in this period.
The two were imprisoned in 1984 for their role in the kidnapping and killing of Indian diplomat Ravindra Mhatre in Birmingham.
On 18 November 2001, the PJP worked with Stop the War Coalition and the loosely organized Islamic Network UK to turn out a large crowd for a rally opposing military response to the 11 September attacks.
Success peaked in the 2001 United Kingdom general election, when PJP garnered 13% of the votes in the neighborhoods of Small Heath and Sparkbrook, and held 5 seats on the Birmingham city council.
In July 2002 the PJP suffered a heavy setback when a leading member, Khalid Mahmood (no relationship to MP for Perry Barr, Khalid Mahmood,) left to join the Labour Party.
It promised single-sex schools, changes to housing grants, and improved street lighting beside commitments to campaign for self-determination for Kashmir, the formation of a Palestinian state.
In 2002 the PJP City Council member Mohammed Nazam was accused of taking part in a rowdy demonstration in which eggs were thrown at the visiting Pakistani High Commissioner.
The PJP was also active in the anti-war activity at the time of the American-led campaign against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
These ex-Labour members formed PJP in response to what they felt was a failure by the Labour government in the UK to deal adequately with ongoing Indian and Pakistani tensions concerning Kashmir, and what they perceived as a failure to improve the lives of the Kashmiri population in Birmingham.
Some people criticised the party for being focused on only one ethnic group to the exclusion of others, although the PJP itself admitted that at least half their votes come from the Birmingham Kashmiri population, it claimed to be a secular organisation.
The PJP lost all of its seats in the 2004 Birmingham City Council election, but following the finding of postal vote fraud in Aston and Bordesley Green, by-elections were held in both the wards in July 2005 with the PJP seeing two of its three candidates—Shaukat Ali Khan and Mohammed Saeed—elected in Bordesley Green.
The PJP group leader Shaukat Ali Khan said talks about disbanding the party began when members worked closely with the Liberal Democrats to expose New Labour's postal vote fraud in Aston and Bordesley Green.
The idea of a new party that appealed to the foreign policy concerns of Muslim voters was replicated by the Respect Party, founded in 2004.
CALEA's purpose is to enhance the ability of law enforcement agencies to conduct lawful interception of communication by requiring that telecommunications carriers and manufacturers of telecommunications equipment modify and design their equipment, facilities, and services to ensure that they have built-in capabilities for targeted surveillance, allowing federal agencies to selectively wiretap any telephone traffic; it has since been extended to cover broadband Internet and VoIP traffic.
Some government agencies argue that it covers mass surveillance of communications rather than just tapping specific lines and that not all CALEA-based access requires a warrant.
The original reason for adopting CALEA was the Federal Bureau of Investigation's worry that increasing use of digital telephone exchange switches would make tapping phones at the phone company's central office harder and slower to execute, or in some cases impossible.
Since the original requirement to add CALEA-compliant interfaces required phone companies to modify or replace hardware and software in their systems, U.S. Congress included funding for a limited time period to cover such network upgrades.
From 2004 to 2007 there was a 62 percent growth in the number of wiretaps performed under CALEA and more than 3,000 percent growth in interception of Internet data such as email.
By 2007, the FBI had spent $39 million on its Digital Collection System Network (DCSNet) system, which collects, stores, indexes, and analyzes communications data.
The U.S. Congress passed the CALEA to aid law enforcement in its effort to conduct criminal investigations requiring wiretapping of digital telephone networks.
The Act obliges telecommunications companies to make it possible for law enforcement agencies to tap any phone conversations carried out over its networks, as well as making call detail records available.
The act stipulates that it must not be possible for a person to detect that his or her conversation is being monitored by the respective government agency.
The CALEA Implementation Unit at the FBI has clarified that intercepted information is supposed to be sent to Law Enforcement concurrently with its capture.
USA telecommunications providers must install new hardware or software, as well as modify old equipment, so that it doesn't interfere with the ability of a law enforcement agency (LEA) to perform real-time surveillance of any telephone or Internet traffic.
Modern voice switches now have this capability built in, yet Internet equipment almost always requires some kind of intelligent deep packet inspection probe to get the job done.
In both cases, the intercept function must single out a subscriber named in a warrant for intercept and then immediately send some (headers-only) or all (full content) of the intercepted data to an LEA.
In such cases, hardware taps or switch/router mirror-ports are employed to deliver copies of all of a network's data to dedicated IP probes.
); or they can deliver to an intermediate element called a mediation device, where the mediation device does the formatting and communication of the data to the LEA.
Zwillinger warns this new mandatory access could create a dangerous situation for multinational companies not being able to refuse demands from foreign governments.
In addition, the creation of this new mechanism could create an easier way for hackers to gain access to the U.S. government’s key.
In fact, CALEA’s legislative history is full of assurances that the Department of Justice and FBI had no intention to require providers to decrypt communications for which they did not have the key.” Therefore, a revision of the CALEA cannot necessarily secure companies from providing data on their devices during criminal investigations to foreign governments.
On May 5, 2006, a group of higher education and library organizations led by the American Council on Education (ACE) challenged that ruling, arguing that the FCC’s interpretation of CALEA was unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment.
In its simplest form, a suppressor grid, typically of coarse structure, is interposed between the screen grid and the anode (plate) of a tetrode, turning it into a pentode.
The suppressor grid is usually connected to the cathode and more often than not, this connection is made within the glass envelope.
Because the grid is negatively charged relative to both the anode and the screen grid, it repels any secondary electrons back to the anode preventing them from contributing to the screen grid current, and to any negative resistance characteristic.
Carnivàle () is an American television series set in the United States Dust Bowl during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
In tracing the lives of disparate groups of people in a traveling carnival, Knauf's story combined a bleak atmosphere with elements of the surreal in portraying struggles between good and evil and between free will and destiny.
The show's mythology drew upon themes and motifs from traditional Christianity and gnosticism together with Masonic lore, particularly that of the Knights Templar order.
The first involves a young man with strange healing powers named Ben Hawkins (Nick Stahl), who joins a traveling carnival when it passes near his home in Milfay, Oklahoma.
Soon thereafter, Ben begins having surrealistic dreams and visions, which set him on the trail of a man named Henry Scudder, a drifter who crossed paths with the carnival many years before, and who apparently possessed unusual abilities similar to Ben's own.
The second plotline revolves around a Father Coughlin-esque Methodist preacher, Brother Justin Crowe (Clancy Brown), who lives with his sister Iris (Amy Madigan) in California.
He shares Ben's prophetic dreams and slowly discovers the extent of his own unearthly powers, which include bending human beings to his will and making their sins and greatest evils manifest as terrifying visions.
Certain that he is doing God's work, Brother Justin fully devotes himself to his religious duties, not realizing that his ultimate nemesis Ben Hawkins and the carnival are inexorably drawing closer.
Daniel Knauf conceived the initial script for the show between 1990 and 1992 when he was unsatisfied with his job as a Californian health insurance broker and hoped to become a screenwriter.
Knauf's experiences of growing up with a disabled father who was not commonly accepted as a normal human strongly informed the story and its treatment of freaks.
Knauf had plotted the story's broad strokes as well as several plot details from early on and knew the story destination until the final scene.
However, the resulting 180-page long script was twice the length of a typical feature film script, and Knauf still felt that it was too short to do his story justice.
Knauf turned the script's first act into a pilot episode, but, having no contacts in the television business, he was forced to shelve the project again and return to his regular job.
The network deemed Knauf too inexperienced in the television business to give him full control over the budget, and appointed Ronald D. Moore as showrunner.
The pilot episode, which was filmed over a period of 21 days, served as the basis for additional tweaking of intended story lines.
Long creative discussions took place among the writers and the network, leading to the postponement of the filming of the second episode for fourteen months.
However, after perusing the preliminary version of the pilot, Knauf and the producers realized that there was no room for Justin to grow in a television series.
Hence, it was decided to make Brother Justin an ordinary Methodist minister in a small town, setting him back in his career by about one or two years.
To give a sense of the dry and dusty environment of the Dust Bowl, smoke and dirt were constantly blown through tubes onto the set.
The creative team listened to 1930s' music and radio and read old Hollywood magazines to get the period's sound, language, and slang right.
The art department had an extensive research library of old catalogs, among them an original 1934 Sears Catalog, which were purchased at flea markets and antique stores.
The scenes of fictional California town of Mintern, where the stories about Brother Justin and Iris in Season 1 were based, were shot at Paramount Ranch in Agoura Hills.
The carnival set itself was moved around the greater Southern California area, to movie ranches and to Lancaster, which were to replicate the states of Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico.
The permanent filming location of the carnival in Season2 was Big Sky Ranch, which was also used for Brother Justin's new home in fictional New Canaan.
The opening title sequence itself begins with a deck of Tarot cards falling into the sand, while the camera moves in and enters one card into a separate world presenting layers of artwork and footage from iconic moments of the American Depression era; the camera then moves back out of a different card and repeats the procedure several times.
On the other hand, the score of the carnival side is more deconstructed and mystical, especially when the carnival travels through the Dust Bowl and remote towns.
For carnival scenes taking place in the cootch (striptease) show or in cities, however, contemporary pop music, blues, folk, and ethnic music is played.
Season 1's first storyline is led by Nick Stahl portraying the protagonist Ben Hawkins, a young Okie farmer who joins a traveling carnival.
Robert Knepper supported them as the successful radio host Tommy Dolan later in the first season, while Ralph Waite had a recurring role as Reverend Norman Balthus, Brother Justin's mentor.
K Callan performed in a recurring role as Eleanor McGill, a parishioner who became devoted to Brother Justin after seeing his power firsthand.
John Fleck, Karyne Steben and her sister Sarah had made their last appearance in the first season's finale, while Patrick Bauchau's and Diane Salinger's status was reduced to guest-starring.
Several new characters were introduced in recurring roles, most notably John Carroll Lynch as the escaped convict Varlyn Stroud and Bree Walker as Sabina the Scorpion Lady.
The producers generally preferred actors who were not strongly identified with other projects, but were willing to make exceptions such as for Adrienne Barbeau as Ruthie.
The script for the pilot episode was the basis for the casting procedure, with little indication where the show went afterwards.
This resulted in some preliminary casting disagreements between the creators and producers, especially for leading characters such as Ben, Brother Justin and Sofie.
The character of Ben was always intended to be the leading man and hero of the series, yet he was also desired to display a youthful, innocent and anti-hero quality; Nick Stahl had the strongest consensus among the producers.
The character of Sofie was originally written as more of an exotic gypsy girl, but Clea DuVall, a movie actor like Stahl, got the part after four auditions.
One of the few actors who never had any real competition was Michael J. Anderson as Samson, whom Daniel Knauf had wanted as early as the initial meeting.
Other than through the characters, the show's good-and-evil theme manifests in the series' contemporary religion, the Christian military order Knights Templar, tarot divination, and in historical events like the Dust Bowl and humankind's first nuclear test.
The writers had established a groundwork for story arcs, character biographies and genealogical character links before filming of the seasons began, but many of the intended clues remained unnoticed by viewers.
At the time, HBO made their commitments for only one year at a time, a third season would have meant opening up a new two-season book in Daniel Knauf's six-year plan, including the introduction of new storylines for current and new characters, and further clarification and elaboration on the show's mythology.
HBO's president Chris Albrecht said the network would have considered otherwise if the producers had been willing to lower the price of an episode to US$2 million; but the running costs for the sizable cast, the all-on-location shooting and the number of episodes per season were too enormous for them.
The cancellation resulted in several story plot lines being unfinished, and outraged loyal viewers organized petitions and mailing drives to get the show renewed.
Knauf did not release a detailed run-down of intended future plots to fans, explaining that his stories are a collaboration of writers, directors and actors alike.
He and the producers did, however, answer a few basic details about the immediate fate of major characters who were left in near-fatal situations in the final episode of Season 2.
Knauf additionally provided in-depth information regarding the underlying fictional laws of nature that the writers had not been able to fully explore in the first two seasons.
This document was originally written in 2002 and 2003 to give the writers and the studio an idea about the series' intended plot, and answered many of the show's mysteries.
30-second TV spots were aired in national syndication, cable and local avails for four weeks before the show's premiere instead of the usual seven days.
The same set was released with less elaborate packaging in Region 2 on March 7, 2005, and in Region 4 on May 11, 2005.
The ratings never recovered to their first-season highs, although the season two finale experienced an upswing with 2.40 million viewers on March 27, 2005.
Many of the show's cast and crew attended the event and participated in discussion panels, which were recorded and made available on DVD afterwards.
Christiansen Capital Advisors stated online poker revenues grew from $82.7 million in 2001 to $2.4 billion in 2005, while a survey carried out by DrKW and Global Betting and Gaming Consultants asserted online poker revenues in 2004 were at $1.4 billion.
In a testimony before the United States Senate regarding Internet Gaming, Grant Eve, a Certified Public Accountant representing the US Accounting Firm Joseph Eve, Certified Public Accountants, estimated that one in every four dollars gambled is gambled online.
Though the rake, or time charge, of traditional casinos is often high, the opportunity costs of running a poker room are even higher.
Brick and mortar casinos often make much more money by removing poker rooms and adding more slot machines - for example, figures from the Gaming Accounting Firm Joseph Eve estimate that poker accounts for 1% of brick and mortar casino revenues.
Online poker rooms also allow the players to play for low stakes (as low as 1¢/2¢) and often offer poker freeroll tournaments (where there is no entry fee), attracting beginners and/or less wealthy clientele.
For example, online poker room security employees can look at the hand history of the cards previously played by any player on the site, making patterns of behavior easier to detect than in a casino where colluding players can simply fold their hands without anyone ever knowing the strength of their holding.
Online poker rooms also check players' IP addresses in order to prevent players at the same household or at known open proxy servers from playing on the same tables.
Digital device fingerprinting also allows poker sites to recognize and block players who create new accounts in attempts to circumvent prior account bans, restrictions and closures.
It was through one such tournament on PokerStars that Chris Moneymaker won his entry to the 2003 World Series of Poker.
In October 2004, Sportingbet, at the time the world's largest publicly traded online gaming company (SBT.L), announced the acquisition of ParadisePoker.com, one of the online poker industry's first and largest cardrooms.
In June 2005, PartyGaming, the parent company of the then-largest online cardroom, PartyPoker, went public on the London Stock Exchange, achieving an initial public offering market value in excess of $8 billion.
As of January 2009, the majority of online poker traffic occurs on just a few major networks, among them PokerStars, Full Tilt Poker and the iPoker Network.
Of all the online poker rooms PokerStars.com is deemed the world’s largest poker site by number of players on site at any one time.
The year 2011 is known as the infamous year of Black Friday, when the U.S department of Justice seized the domain names of PokerStars, Full Tilt & Absolute Poker, effectively freezing the bankrolls of their player base.
In 2014, PokerStars became the largest Publicly Traded Company in the industry of Poker when businessman David Baazov initiated a takeover bid costing $4.9 billion.
Online poker is legal and regulated in many countries including several nations in and around the Caribbean Sea, and most notably the United Kingdom.
In the United States, the North Dakota House of Representatives passed a bill in February 2005 to legalize and regulate online poker and online poker card room operators in the state.
Testifying before the state Senate Judiciary committee, Nigel Payne, CEO of Sportingbet and owner of Paradise Poker, pledged to relocate to the state if the bill became law.
On October 13, 2006, President Bush officially signed into law the SAFE Port Act, a bill aimed at enhancing security at U.S. ports.
As a result of the bill, several large publicly traded poker gaming sites such as PartyPoker, PacificPoker and bwin closed down their US facing operations.
Other grassroots organizations, including the Safe and Secure Internet Gambling Initiative, have formed in opposition to UIGEA, to promote the freedom of individuals to gamble online with the proper safeguards to protect consumers and ensure the integrity of financial transactions.
On November 27, 2009, Department of the Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke announced a six-month delay, until June 1, 2010, for required compliance with the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (UIGEA).
The move blocks regulations to implement the legislation which requires the financial services sector to comply with ambiguous and burdensome rules in an attempt to prevent unlawful Internet gambling transactions.
336), the Federal Bureau of Investigation temporarily shut down three major poker .com websites of Full Tilt Poker, Poker Stars, and Absolute Poker, and seized several of their bank accounts.
A grand jury charged 11 defendants, including the founders of the poker sites, with bank fraud, money laundering, and violating gambling laws.
The prosecutors claim the individuals tricked or influenced U.S. banks into receiving profits from online gambling, an act that violated UIGEA.
On September 20, 2011, in response to guidance requested by the states of Illinois and New York regarding the sale of lottery tickets online, the Department of Justice issued a memorandum opinion stating that the Wire Act does not prohibit lottery sales over the internet because it deals solely with wagering on sporting contests.
While this opinion does not address online poker specifically, the reasoning employed interprets the Wire Act in such a way that its provisions don't apply to the game of poker.
On August 21, 2012, a federal judge in New York ruled that poker is not gambling under federal law because it is primarily a game of skill, not chance.
The ruling resulted in the dismissal of a federal criminal indictment against a man convicted of conspiring to operate an illegal underground poker club.
On April 30, 2013, Nevada became the first U.S. state to allow persons physically located within the state and at least 21 years of age to play poker online for money legally.
On November 21, 2013, New Jersey became the third - and the largest state population-wise - to offer legal real money online gambling to residents and visitors.
On February 25, 2014, Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval and Delaware Governor Jack Markell signed the first interstate poker compact, an agreement that will allow online poker players from Nevada to play for real money against players located in Delaware.
Should more states enter into the agreement, something that is provided for under the terms of the compact, more games could be offered.
Following an agreement between Nevada, Delaware, and New Jersey governments to allow player pooling between all three states, a three-state online poker compact went live on May 1, 2018.
The intention of the act was to entirely prohibit online poker, but the act itself only forbids operators based in Australia from providing their service.
Although there are certain provisions in the law which allow licensed establishments to provide online poker services, there is no agency set up to issue any of such required licenses.
Similar to the vig paid to a bookie, the rake is a fee paid to the house for hosting the game.
The rake is normally calculated as a percentage of the pot based on a sliding scale and capped at some maximum fee.
Since the expenses for running an online poker table are smaller than those for running a live poker table, rake in most online poker rooms is much smaller than its brick and mortar counterpart.
Second, hands played in pre-scheduled multi-table and impromptu sit-and-go tournaments are not raked, but rather an entry fee around five to ten percent of the tournament buy-in is added to the entry cost of the tournament.
These two are usually specified in the tournament details as, e.g., $20+$2 ($20 represents the buy-in that goes into the prize pool and $2 represents the entry fee, de facto rake).
Regulations in most jurisdictions exist in an effort to limit the sort of risks sites can take with their clients' money.
However, since the sites do not have to pay interest on players' bankrolls even low-risk investments can be a significant source of revenue.
Many critics question whether the operators of such games - especially those located in jurisdictions separate from most of their players - might be engaging in fraud themselves.
However, despite anecdotal evidence to support such claims, others argue that the rake is sufficiently large that such abuses would be unnecessary and foolish.
Attempts at manipulative dealing could face a risk of third party detection due to increasingly sophisticated tracking software that could be used to detect any number of unusual patterns, though such analyses are not generally available in the public domain.
Since online players get to see more hands, their likelihood of seeing more improbable bad beats or randomly large pots is similarly increased.
Many online poker sites are certified by major auditing firms like PricewaterhouseCoopers to review the fairness of the random number generator, shuffle, and payouts for some sites.
The cheating was first brought to light by the efforts of players, whose saved histories of play showed the employee was playing as only someone who could see their opponents' cards could.
In 2008, UltimateBet became embroiled in a similar scandal, with former employees accused of using a software backdoor to see opponents' cards.
For example, in 2007, PokerStars disqualified TheV0id, the winner of the main event of the World Championship of Online Poker for breaching their terms of service.
One obvious difference is that players do not sit right across from each other, removing any ability to observe others' reactions and body language.
Instead, online poker players learn to focus more keenly on opponents' betting patterns, reaction time, speed of play, use of check boxes/auto plays, opponents' fold/flop percentages, chat box, waiting for the big blind, beginners' tells, and other behavior tells that are not physical in nature.
Due to this and other delays common in offline casinos, the average rate of play is around thirty hands per hour.
While the rake structures of online poker sites might not differ fundamentally from those in brick and mortar operations, most of the other incidental expenses that are entailed by playing poker in a live room do not exist in online poker.
An online poker player can play at home and thus incur no transportation costs to get to and from the poker room.
Provided the player already has a somewhat modern computer and an Internet connection, there are no further up-front equipment costs to get started.
In addition to the rake, tipping the dealers, chip runners, servers and other casino employees is almost universally expected, putting a further drain on a player's profits.
Also, whereas an online player can enter and leave tables almost as he pleases, once seated at a live table a player must remain there until he wishes to stop playing, or else go back to the bottom of the waiting list.
Food and beverages at casinos are generally expensive even compared to other hospitality establishments in the same city, let alone compared to at home, and casino managers feel little incentive to provide any complimentary food or drink for poker players.
In the brick and mortar casinos, the only real way a player can increase his earnings is to increase his limit, likely encountering better opponents in the process.
Unlike a traditional casino where it is physically impossible to play at more than one table at a time, most online poker rooms permit this.
Depending on the site and the player's ability to make speedy decisions, a player might play several tables at the same time, viewing them each in a separate window on the computer display.
For example, an average profit around $10 per 100 hands at a low-limit game is generally considered to be good play.
In an online poker room, a player with the same win rate playing a relatively easy pace of four tables at once at a relatively sluggish 60 hands per hour each earns about $24/hour on average.
The main restriction limiting the number of tables a player can play is the need to make consistently good decisions within the allotted time at every table, but some online players can effectively play up to eight or more tables at once.
This can not only increase winnings but can also help to keep a player's income reasonably stable, since instead of staking his entire bankroll on one higher limit table he is splitting his bankroll, wins and losses amongst many lower limit tables, probably also encountering somewhat less skilled opponents in the process.
Another important difference results from the fact that some online poker rooms offer online poker schools that teach the basics and significantly speed up the learning curve for novices.
Many online poker rooms also provide free money play so that players may practice these skills in various poker games and limits without the risk of losing real money, and generally offer the hand history of played hands for analysis and discussion using a poker hand converter.
People who previously had no way to learn and improve because they had no one to play with now have the ability to learn the game much quicker and gain experience from free-money play.
The marginal cost of opening each online table is so minuscule that on some gambling sites players can find limits as low as $.01–$.02.
It is also not uncommon for online poker sites to not allow a player the option of showing their hand before folding if they are the giving up the pot to the last remaining bettor.
One issue exclusive to online poker is the fact that players come from around the world and deal in a variety of currencies.
Most online poker sites operate games exclusively in U.S. dollars, even if they do not accept players based in the United States.
There are two methods by which poker sites can cater to players who do not deal with U.S. dollars on a regular basis.
The first method is to hold players' funds in their native currencies and convert them only when players enter and leave games.
The main benefit of this method for players is to ensure that bankrolls are not subject to exchange rate fluctuations against their local currencies while they are not playing.
Also, most sites that use this method usually apply the same exchange rate when a player cashes out of a game as when he bought in, ensuring that players do not expend significant sums simply by entering and leaving games.
However, some sites that use this policy do accept payments in a variety of currencies and convert funds at a lower premium compared to what banks and credit card companies would charge.
Players may also make use of ewallets, virtual wallets that will allow players to store their funds online in the currency of their choice.
Many online poker sites, particularly those that serve the United States, began adopting cryptocurrencies in 2013 as a means of bypassing the UIGEA.
The majority of these poker rooms accept deposits in Bitcoin and then convert them to U.S. dollars, performing this process in reverse when paying out winnings.
Scanning the active tables for known players and displaying previous statistics from hands with those players next to their name(known as a Heads up display or HUD) is a common feature of these programs and is allowed by most sites.
Some software goes as far as to provide you with quizzes, or scan your previously played hands and flag likely mistakes.
For example, a site may offer a player who deposits $100 a bonus of $50 that awards $5 every time the player rakes $25.
This may be cross-platform, for example using a Java applet or WebGL, allowing the program to run equally well on various computer systems such as Windows, Linux and macOS.
However, many online poker rooms offer downloadable programs designed only for Microsoft Windows which require a compatibility layer such as Wine to run on Macintosh or Linux computers.
The functionality of mobile online poker software is much the same as computer-based clients, albeit adapted to the interface of mobile devices.
Henslow was born at Rochester, Kent, the son of a solicitor John Prentis Henslow, who was the son of John Henslow.
Henslow was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge where he graduated as 16th wrangler in 1818, the year in which Adam Sedgwick became Woodwardian Professor of Geology.
He already had a passion for natural history from his childhood, which largely influenced his career, and he accompanied Sedgwick in 1819 on a tour in the Isle of Wight where he learned his first lessons in geology.
Soc., 1821) and in 1820 and 1821 he investigated the geology of parts of Anglesey, the results being printed in the first volume of the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (1822) .
The Philosophical Society was founded in November 1819 by a group at Cambridge with Professors Farish, Lee, and Sedgwick and Henslow (at that time not yet a professor).
Meanwhile, Henslow had studied mineralogy with considerable zeal, so that on the death of Clarke he was in 1822 appointed professor of mineralogy in the University of Cambridge.
Botany, however, had claimed much of his attention, and to this science he became more and more attached, so that he gladly resigned the chair of mineralogy in 1827, two years after becoming professor of botany.
From 1821 Henslow had begun organising a herbarium of British flora, supplementing his own collecting with a network which expanded over time to include his friends and family, and the botanists William Jackson Hooker and John Hutton Balfour, as well as about 30 of his students.
He followed the understanding of the time that species were fixed as created but could vary within limits, and hoped to analyse these limits of variation.
Henslow is best remembered as friend and mentor to his pupil Charles Darwin, and for inspiring him with a passion for natural history.
Seeing a perfect opportunity for his protégé, Henslow wrote to the ship’s captain Robert Fitzroy telling him that Darwin was the ideal man to join the expedition team.
He continued to live in Cambridge, only visiting the parish during vacations; he appointed a curate to conduct services and parish business during term-time.
Henslow did not resign his chair, and continued to give lectures, set and mark exams, and take part in university affairs.
In 1843 he discovered nodules of coprolitic origin in the Red Crag at Felixstowe in Suffolk, and two years later he called attention to those also in the Cambridge Greensand and remarked that they might be of use in agriculture.
Although Henslow derived no benefit, these discoveries led to the establishment of the phosphate industry in Suffolk and Cambridgeshire; and the works proved lucrative until the introduction of foreign phosphates.
Their sons included George Henslow (1835–1925), who became the Royal Horticultural Society's Professor of Botany and the first President of the Churchmen's Union for the Advancement of Liberal Religious Thought.
Wingham (2016 census population 2,934) is a community located in the municipality of North Huron, Ontario, Canada, which is located in Huron County.
Wingham became part of North Huron in 2001 when the Ontario government imposed amalgamation on the former township of East Wawanosh, the village of Blyth, and the town of Wingham.
In 1854, the original survey for Wingham was conducted, with 1,000 acres dedicated to the community north of what is now Highway 86 and Highway 4.
The town has branches of the Bank of Montreal, CIBC, and TD Canada Trust banks, and a branch of Libro Financial Group credit union.
On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Rogers Communications had filed with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to purchase all of the A-Channel stations, including CFPL, CKNX, CKX-TV, Access Alberta and several cable channels that were for sale by CHUM Limited in the wake of CTVglobemedia's acquisition of the CHUM group.
On May 1, 2009, Shaw Communications offered to buy the station for $1 from CTV (along with other underperforming stations in Brandon and Windsor), but scuttled the deal two months later.
This transmitter, along with CBC/Radio-Canada's other remaining analog transmitters, was shut down permanently on July 31, 2012, leaving over-the-air viewers in the area with no free CBC television service.
The North Huron Museum provides an overview of the history of the Township of North Huron beginning in the Paleolithic era and continuing into modern times.
In July 1999 the UK Wiltshire Constabulary opened an investigation into allegations of malfeasance at Porton Down Chemical and Biological Research Establishment.
As a consequence of these preliminary investigations the scope of the inquiry was broadened into a major inquiry named Operation Antler.
The inquiries established that a number of the participants in the Service Volunteer Programme claimed to have been tricked into taking part in experiments.
The Second World War was the peak period for testing, and much of this concerned mustard gas, with as many as 8,000 volunteers being exposed.
In the 1960s, smaller scale experiments took place with non-lethal agents such as LSD and glycollates, and more recently testing focused on countermeasures such as pyridostigmine bromide which is a pre-treatment for nerve agents.
The CPS decision was reviewed following the verdict of unlawful killing at the inquest in November 2004 into the death on 6 May 1953 of volunteer Ronald Maddison.
The name may have come from the metal dish in which the curry is cooked, rather than from any specific ingredient or cooking technique.
Balti curries are cooked quickly using vegetable oil rather than ghee, over high heat in the manner of a stir-fry, and any meat is used off the bone.
The food seems to have arrived in England in Birmingham in 1971; sources suggest it originates from Baltistan in northern Pakistan.
According to Pat Chapman, a food historian, the origins of the word can be traced to the area of Baltistan, in northern Pakistan, where a cast-iron wok, similar to the Chinese wok, is used for cooking.
Another claim regarding the origin of balti cooking in Birmingham was that it was first served in 1977 in a restaurant called Adil's.
At that time, the restaurant was located in Stoney Lane, Sparkbrook, Birmingham 12, and after some time relocated to another area, but since has returned to its original place in Stoney Lane.
Balti houses were originally clustered along and behind the main road between Sparkhill and Moseley, to the south of Birmingham city centre.
This area, comprising Ladypool Road, Stoney Lane, and Stratford Road, is still sometimes referred to as the 'Balti Triangle', and contains a high concentration of balti restaurants.
Balti restaurants have now spread beyond the triangle, and can also be found in the south of Birmingham, along the Pershore Rd in Stirchley.
Lye near Stourbridge to the west of Birmingham has become known as the 'Balti Mile' with up to a dozen restaurants clustered along the High Street.
The expanded curry market in Britain is now said to take in 4 billion pounds sterling per year, but some still claim that it is impossible to get a 'proper' balti outside the urban West Midlands.
Outside Britain, a small number of balti houses are in Ireland and many other English-speaking countries, particularly New Zealand and Australia.
Since the late 1990s, British supermarkets have stocked a growing range of prepacked balti meals, and the balti restaurant sector has since faced increasing competition from the retail sector and from changes in customer tastes, along with other traditional South Asian and Indian restaurants.
It is situated north of the capital Chișinău, and is located on the river Răut, a tributary of the Dniester, on a hilly landscape in the Bălți steppe.
The current coat of arms and flag of Bălți, elaborated by Silviu Tabac from the Moldovan State Commission for Heraldry, have been adopted by the Municipal Council in April 2006.
A shield, with alternating six silvery strips (symbolizing water), and six blue strips (symbolizing earth) form the background (symbolizing the name of the city).
The central element of the shield is an archer in red clothes, in the military outfit (yellow) of Stephen III of Moldavia (Romanian: Ștefan cel Mare) times (15th century).
The shield is supported by two rearing silver horses (the white horse is the traditional symbol of the region, which was part of Iași County before 1812).
In the early 20th century, a shield representing an archer, standing on a hill, the sun, and three bullrush sticks (elements quite sufficient to identify the place where Bălți is situated in the landscape of the north of Moldova) formed the coat of arms of the Bălți county, while these and horse elements - the coat of arms of the city proper.
The city's flag is composed of two horizontal strips: a blue one on the bottom, and a silver one on top.
The municipality covers an area of , of which the city proper , the village Elizaveta (an eastern suburb) , and the village Sadovoe (a north-western suburb) .
The river Răut separates one of the hills to the north-east, the slopes of this hill are occupied by the neighbourhood Slobozia.
The largest of the three hills dominates the valleys of the creek and river, and contains the city centre and the old town, and the neighbourhoods Pământeni, Dacia, 6th district, 8th district, the city's main industrial area, and Moldova neighbourhood.
A Soroca neighbourhood, 10th district, 9th district, the area of the former Bălți concentration camp, and the Bălți City Airport are situated in the valley of the Răut river.
The city is situated in the 7th zone of seismic activity, with a well-felt earthquake (generally without any serious structural damage to the city's buildings) occurring every 35 years on average.
Besides traditional for Moldova wine making, sugar, meat processing, flour milling, oil production, and light industry in general, Bălți is the centre for manufacturing of agricultural machinery, of various construction materials, fur, textile, chemical and furniture industries.
However, due to swift changes in the economic environment after the breakdown of the Soviet planned economy system, the manufacturing base of the city has severely suffered.
The city has a big Republican hospital, another multifunctional municipal hospital, a children's hospital, and a range of other medical facilities (smaller clinics and hospitals, as well as buildings, named poly-clinics, gathering doctors offices).
According to the 2004 Moldovan Census, data submitted by the Department of Statistics and Sociology of the Republic of Moldova, the population of municipality of Bălți was 127,561, of which the population of the city itself was 122,669, and that of the suburban villages of Elizaveta and Sadovoe was of 3,523, respectively 1,369.
At the 2004 census, 90.7% of the population (110,961 people) identified themselves as Christian Orthodox, 2.1% (2,609) as Baptist, 0.8% as Catholic, 0.5% as Seventh-day Adventist, 0.4% as Pentecostal, 0.2% as Methodist, 0.1% as Evangelical, 0.09% as Muslim, 0.06% as Presbyterian, 0.04% as Old Believers, 0.04% as Reformed, 1.8% (2161 people) as followers of other religions, 0.4% as atheist, and 2.7% (3,304) as non-religious.
The post-independence decrease in the city population is mainly due to the economic and demographic situation of Moldova, which prompted a wave of permanent or temporary emigration.
The majority of the population of Bălți is bilingual (Romanian and Russian), but some people only know one of these two languages.
Bălți was the second largest populated city in Bessarabia, with the second largest number of Jewish inhabitants after Kishinev, and the economic center of the region.
In September 1941 the last of the Jews of Bălți– some 2,800 people – were expelled to the Mărculești Camp, and the Jewish population of the city ceased to exist.
Bălți Municipality is a territorial unit of Moldova (one of its 3 municipalities not subordinated to other territorial units; it has had the status of municipality since 1994), containing the city itself, and the villages of Elizaveta and Sadovoe.
The Mayor Office () is headed by the Mayor (), and administers the local affairs, while the Municipal Council serves as a consultative body with some powers of general policy determination.
As a result of the last regional elections of local public administration held in June 2007, the Communist Party (PCRM) holds 21 mandates, 11 mandates are held by representatives of other parties, and 3 mandates by independents.
Vasile Panciuc, PCRM, is the incumbent from 2001 and was re-elected twice: in 2003 during the anticipated elections (as a result of a new reform of the administrative division in Moldova), and in 2007.
There are 13 lyceums and 6 professional education institutions () offering the last 3 years of high school education and 2 years post-high school technical education.
Also, 14 secondary schools (numbered 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23), 7 professional or professional-technical schools (numbered 1 through 7), and 3 boarding schools, including one for visually impaired are located in the city.
The latter case was inherited from the Soviet system, which provided for education in Russian and Romanian (Moldovan) languages, where mixed schools were created with the administration being carried out in both languages.
Passenger transport in Bălți is handled mainly by the Bălți Trolleybus Authority and Bălți Bus Authority, as well as by private bus, minibus and taxi companies.
By road one can also reach Ukraine (in about 2 hours) to the north or to the east, and Romania (in about 1 hour) to the south-west by the Sculeni–Sculeni crossing point, which leads to the Romanian city of Iași ( from Bălți), or to the west by the Stânca–Costești crossing.
The Bălți Inter-City Coach Station provides for regular bus connections throughout Moldova, as well as for numerous European and international connections (Eurolines).
Regular rail connections to Ocnița (north), Rezina (east) and Ungheni (south-east), as well as to Chișinău exists, however it takes today 6 hours to cover the to Chișinău.
There are two railway stations: Bălți-City Station and Bălți-Slobozia Station (the name of a city neighbourhood), which both serve internal and international traffic.
One of them, Bălți International Airport, north of the city center (near the village of Corlăteni), was built in the 1980s, modern by Soviet standards, is officially certified.
It was the most important airport in the surrounding region during World War II, but currently is only used for municipal and regional public services, agriculture, emergency services and pilot training.Now, there are developing an industrial area.
Balti (Nastaʿlīq script: , Tibetan script: སྦལ་ཏི།, ) is a Tibetic language spoken in the Baltistan region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, the Nubra Valley of Leh district and in the Kargil district of Ladakh, India.
It also has a simple pitch accent system only in multi-syllabic words while Standard Tibetan has a complex and distinct pitch system that includes tone contour.
Balti is spoken in the whole of Baltistan in the northern Pakistan and some parts of Northern India in Ladakh as well as Jammu and Kashmir.
However, Balti is spoken by people living in Baltistan (Pakistan), different parts of the states of northern India like Dehradun, Masoorie, Kalsigate, Chakrotta, Ambadi in Uttrakhand and parts of Jammu and Kashmir like Jammu and Ramban in Jammu region, Hariparbat, Dalgate and Tral in Kashmir region.
In the twin districts of Ladakh region (Kargil and Leh) it is spoken in Kargil city and its surrounding villages like Hardass, Lato, Karkitchhoo and Balti Bazar and in Leh – Turtuk, Bogdang, Tyakshi including Leh city and nearby villages.
As a group, they are termed Ladakhi–Balti or Western Archaic Tibetan, as opposed to Western Innovative Tibetan languages, such as Lahuli–Spiti.
The predominant writing system currently in use for Balti is the Perso-Arabic script, although there have been attempts to revive the Tibetan script, which was used between the 8th and the 16th centuries.
Additionally, there are two, nowadays possibly extinct, indigenous writing systems, and there have been proposals for the adoption of Roman– as well as Devanagari-based orthographies.
The main script for writing Balti is the local adaptation of the Tibetan alphabet which is called Yige in Baltiyul Baltistan, but it is often written in the Persian alphabet, especially within Pakistan.
In 1985, Abadi added four new letters to the Tibetan script and seven new letters to the Persian script to adapt both of them according to the need of Balti language.
The Tibetan script had been in vogue in Baltistan until the last quarter of the 14th century, when the Baltis converted to Islam.
Since then, Persian script replaced the Tibetan script, but the former had no letters for seven Balti sounds and was in vogue in spite of the fact that it was defective.
Following a request from this community, the September 2006 Tokyo meeting of ISO/IEC 10646 WG2 agreed to encode two characters which are invented by Abadi (U+0F6B TIBETAN LETTER KKA and TIBETAN U+0F6C LETTER RRA) in the ISO 10646 and Unicode standards in order to support rendering Urdu loanwords present in modern Balti using the Yige alphabet.
Since Pakistan gained control of the region in 1948, Urdu words have been introduced into local dialects and languages, including Balti.
In modern times, Balti has no native names or vocabulary for dozens of newly invented and introduced things; instead, Urdu and English words are being used in Balti.
Nearly all the languages and dialects of the mountain region in the north of Pakistan such as Pashto, Khowar and Shina are Indo-Aryan or Iranic languages, but Balti is one of the Sino-Tibetan languages.
The major issue facing the development of Balti literature is its centuries-long isolation from Tibet, owing to political divisions and strong religious differences and even from its immediate neighbor Ladakh for the last 50 years.
This is compounded by the lack of a suitable means of transcribing the language following the abandonment of its original Tibetan script.
The Baltis do not have the awareness to revive their original script and there is no institution that could restore it and persuade the people to use it again.
Even if the script is revived, it would need modification to express certain Urdu phonemes that occur in common loanwords within Balti.
The Dissociatives is the sole album by the Australian duo of the same name, released in April 2004 by record label Eleven.
Given that Silverchair sold more albums in Australia in the 1990s than any other Australian artist, the debut album by the Dissociatives was expected to be one of the best selling ones when it was released on 5 April in that country.
it was the largest bank in Russia and Eastern Europe, and the third largest in Europe, ranked 33rd in the world and first in central and Eastern Europe in The Banker's Top 1000 World Banks ranking.
Sberbank's history goes back to Cancrin's financial reform of 1841, when a network of the first state-owned savings banks was created in Russia.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the state savings banks system continued its activity and growth under the management of the Finance Ministry of the USSR as the State Labour Savings Banks System.
Following the dissolution of the USSR, the former republican savings banks became state savings banks of the newly independent post-Soviet states.
In 1991, the Savings bank of the RSFSR has been reorganised into the Joint-Stock Commercial Savings Bank of the Russian Federation (Sberbank of Russia).
The deal included all VBI assets - banks in Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Ukraine, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, except for Volksbank Romania.
On 16 December 2013, Volksbank (Ukraine), which was a wholly owned subsidiary of Sberbank, changed its name to «» (Ukrainian: ВіЕс Банк).
After the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by Russia in 2014, the Obama administration imposed sanctions on 12 September 2014, through the US Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Sberbank and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN).
After announcement of the sanctions, and by the end of July, Sberbank's market value had dropped the most market value among the world's major lenders plus investors moved $22 billion from Sberbank's market capitalization.
On 17 October 2016, Ukraine imposed sanctions against Sberbank Russia, Sberbank Leasing, and their payment systems Kolibri (Hummingbird), formerly Blitz (Ukrainian: «Колибри» стара назва – «Блиц»).
On 15 March 2017, the president of Ukraine imposed sanctions on Sberbank (and other Russian state-owned banks operating in Ukraine: VTB Bank, BM Bank, Prominvestbank, and (Ukrainian: ВіЕс Банк)) as part of its continued sanctions on Russia for its annexation of Crimea and involvement in the War in Donbass.
The majority shareholder of Sberbank is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, owning 50%+1 voting share of Sberbank's voting shares.
The rest of the shares are dispersed among portfolio, private and other investors with an estimated shareholding of over 43% held by foreigners.
Sergei Gorkov joined Sberbank in November 2008 eventually becoming the head of the international operations and the Senior Vice Chairman of the Board from 10 October 2010, until 26 February 2016, when he left Sberbank to become the Chairman of Vnesheconombank (VEB).
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Sberbank is Sergey Ignatiev, former Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
Formerly from 2003 to 2013 the head of RIA Novosti and from 2006 to 2016 its editor in chief, Svetlana Mironyuk is a vice-president and the head of marketing and communications since 1 February 2016.
According to own estimates, the bank had over 137 million retail clients and over 1.1 million corporate clients in its 22 countries of presence.
Sberbank sponsors sports and charity events in various regions of Russia, as well as educational projects including projects developing financial literacy.
During Russia's transition to a market economy in the 1990s, in which these assets were sold, Sberbank provided no guarantee for citizens' deposits.
However, until 2003 this only applied to state-owned banks such as Sberbank, giving them an unfair advantage over fully private banks.
By the mid-2010s, the bank was reportedly among the market leaders with regards to quality of client services, such as services for retail depositors, premium services and several others.
Owned by Denis Katsyv, Prevezon Holdings, represented by Natalia Vladimirovna Veselnitskaya, paid $6 million to resolve the claim without admitting any crime which subsequently led to all charges being dropped by the Justice Department in the summer of 2017.
In United States court, Sergey P. Poymanov sued Sberbank, several of its subsidiaries and executives, and a business rival for $750 million, claiming that a valuable gravel quarry he owned was illegally bankrupted and seized by the bank in a corporate raid in 2012.
Poymanov was subsequently arrested by Russian police who then subjected him to harsh pretrial detention at a notoriously rough Moscow jail, Matrosskaya Tishina, which is the same jail where Magnitsky died.
The bank denied any involvement in the financing of illegal activities on Ukrainian territory, which was later confirmed by an examination carried out by the National Bank of Ukraine.
15 March 2017, the president of Ukraine imposed sanctions on Sberbank (and other Russian state-owned banks operating in Ukraine: VTB Bank, BM Bank, Prominvestbank, and «» (Ukrainian: ВіЕс Банк)) as part of its continued sanctions on Russia for its annexation of Crimea and involvement in the War in Donbass.
In 2017 Sberbank was reported to be waiting for approval from the National Bank of Ukraine to sell its Ukrainian subsidiaries.
On 13 December 2017, Sberbank sold another subsidiary, «VS Bank» (Ukrainian: ВіЕс Банк), to a Ukrainian banker, former PrivatBank chairman Sergiy Tigipko.
In March 2019, the Troika Laundromat was exposed as an international money laundering network involving the Troika Dialog which is an investment bank that has been merged with the Sberbank's subsidiary Sberbank CIB.
Saint Andrews is located at the southern tip of a triangular-shaped peninsula (15 km on the west side, 12 km on the east side) extending into Passamaquoddy Bay at the western edge of Charlotte County.
The town's street grid, laid out by Charles Morris about 1783, is oriented toward the waterfront, which faces Saint Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island.
Saint Andrews Harbour is situated at the mouth of the St. Croix River and the town sits on the river's east bank at its discharge point into the bay.
In addition to Navy Island, Ministers Island is another island in Passamaquoddy Bay that is adjacent to the town on its eastern boundary.
Despite its proximity to the Canada–United States border, the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island.
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.
Previous to the establishment of European settlers in New Brunswick, the people of the Peskotomuhkati settled the Saint Andrews peninsula and used the southern point as meeting place.
Saint Andrews was founded in 1783 by United Empire Loyalists, including John Dunn of Staten Island, New York, and named in honour of St Andrews, Scotland.
The town is well preserved, with many original buildings still in place (some of which were floated to the town on barges from Castine, Maine at the end of the Revolutionary War).
There are many layers of history visible starting from the late 18th century, including the town's well-known formal grid street layout and many historic buildings.
The town's first seaside hotel, the Argyll, opened in 1881 followed in 1889 by The Algonquin, a resort situated on a hill overlooking the town, making Saint Andrews Canada's first seaside resort community.
The old-fashioned Argyll burned down in 1892 and was never rebuilt and the Algonquin burned in 1914 but was rebuilt one year later.
Important attractions include The Algonquin Hotel, Kingsbrae Horticultural Garden, The Ross Memorial Museum, the Saint Andrews Biological Station, the Huntsman Marine Aquarium, The Sheriff Andrews' House, Minister's Island (the summer home of Cornelius Van Horne), whale watching, fine art and craft galleries, many shops, restaurants and small inns and the charming seaside setting.
Saint Andrews is the birthplace of Thomas Storrow Brown, a businessman, journalist, and an officer of the 1837 Rebellion and Victorian artist Edward Mitchell Bannister.
The town was, and continues to be a home to noted summer citizens, including steel magnate Sir James Dunn, Fathers of Confederation Samuel Leonard Tilley and Charles Tupper, and William Cornelius Van Horne, General Manager and later, President of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Samuel Andrews, who settled the island in 1786, but the island is most famous as the summer home of Sir William Van Horne, general manager and visionary of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Located about a five-minute drive from downtown Saint Andrews, what is an island at high tide becomes a peninsula as waters drop toward low tide.
The bar, which appears with the receding tide, allows access (across the ocean floor) starting at the end of the Bar Road with crossing times changing daily with the tidal cycles.
Andrews and his family lived, Covenhoven (the summer cottage of Sir William Cornelius Van Horne), one of the largest livestock barns in North America, and the old windmill that used to power the island.
The Huntsman Marine Science Centre is also a part of the aquarium and hosts a number of educational courses, from grade school up to university level courses.
Saint Andrews is the shire town of Charlotte County and hosts the Charlotte County Court House, built in 1840 and designed by architect Thomas Berry.
The court house is a National Historic Site of Canada and one of the longest operating courthouses in Canada, as it continues to be used for the Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick.
It is a beautiful example of Gothic Revival architecture and is available for touring through the Charlotte County Gaol, situated next to the courthouse.
The Gaol was built of large blocks of local granite in 1832 and continued to be used as such until 1979, despite its archaic construction.
It currently is home to the Charlotte County Archives, which boasts a large collection of historical papers, photographs, microfilms of newspapers and selected collections, and research materials for local historians and genealogists alike.
The Gaol is purportedly haunted by the ghost of an innocent man hanged for murder in 1879, and was the site of one of Canada's last hangings in 1942.
On a vacation to Saint Andrews in 1902 this American couple had a picnic on Chamcook Mountain and fell in love with the area.
The Andrews Family was a Loyalist family who moved to Saint Andrews from the British Thirteen Colonies (likely New York or a New England colony) shortly after the American Revolution.
The house is open daily for tours by a costumed tour guide, who take visitors through the house, showing what life would have been like in the early 1800s.
Plus it has up-to-date displays on the research being carried out on this charismatic species, on its biology, and on the rich cultural heritage surrounding it.
The blockhouse was built as a coastal defense structure in the War of 1812 between the United States and the British Empire, but never saw action.
There are alpacas, pygmy goats, peacocks, ducks, sculptures and a Children's Fantasy Garden where there are free children's activities every day in July and August.
Kingsbrae Horticultural Garden is located just a few blocks up the hill from the Saint Andrews Water Street business district and wharf; also just steps from the historic Algonquin hotel.
The St. Andrews Arts Council is dedicated to enriching New Brunswick communities and providing educational and performance opportunities for local, national and international students of all ages and abilities by promoting and encouraging the creation, performance and appreciation of the arts through innovative, multi-disciplinary programs.
Since 1986, The St. Andrews Arts Council has offered performing arts courses, master classes and workshops in Opera, Voice, Choir, Drama, Dance, and Instrumental Music, as well as visual art, for students of all ages from beginner to professional.
From Wendy Nielsen and Measha Brueggergosman to Lewis Dalvit and Chih-Long Hu, many famous faces have taken part in St. Andrews Arts Council courses and events, either as instructors, students or performers.
Sunbury Shores Arts and Nature Centre is a not-for-profit, membership-based organization situated on the shores of Passamaquoddy Bay in Saint Andrews.
Since being established in 1964, the centre has helped develop a strong arts community in Saint Andrews through exploring the connections between art and nature.
The centre contains artists studios, a printmaking shop, pottery studio, exhibition gallery, reference library and administrative offices; it is open year-round.
The Arts & Nature Centre also owns and maintains Two Meadows Nature Trail, a self-guided hiking trail in a nearby wilderness area.
It features fresh organic produce and meat, plants, and herbal soap, in addition to ethnic prepared foods of Indian, Middle Eastern, and Mexican cuisines; crepes filled with all kinds of fruit and melted chocolate, and homemade chocolate fudge.
Live music is often played on guitar by one of the local highschoolers, fiddles, and a hammered dulcimer are also played by a variety of local musicians.
Visitors will find original works in landscape and floral painting, sculptor, carving, textile art, fine pottery, wearable art, photography, jewelry and much more.
The port of Saint Andrews is home to several whale watching companies that operate on a seasonal basis which begins during the first of May through the first of October.
Since whales are uncommon in Passamaquoddy Bay, tours tend to stretch past the Fundy Islands and into the Bay of Fundy.
Common sightings by St. Andrews tour companies tend to be the northern humpback whale, fin whale and minke whale, along with sightings of other marine life such as the common seal.
The only way into or out of Saint Andrews by land is via Route 127, which runs directly through the town.
The Council of International Fellowship (CIF) is a worldwide organisation to provide possibilities for inservice training and the exchange of professional experiences in the field of Social Work.
Beside the exchange programs there are international conferences (2003 in Goa, India, 2005 in Bonn, Germany, 2007 in Cleveland, Ohio, 2009 in Finland, 2011 in Cyprus, and 2013 in Ankara, Turkey).
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), and also called mycophenolate, is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat Crohn's disease.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1995 following the discovery of its immunosuppressive properties in the 1990s.
Mycophenolate mofetil is indicated for the prevention of organ transplant rejection in adults and kidney transplantation rejection in children over 2 years; whereas mycophenolate sodium is indicated for the prevention of kidney transplant rejection in adults.
Mycophenolate sodium has also been used for the prevention of rejection in liver, heart, or lung transplants in children older than two years.
Mycophenolate is increasingly utilized as a steroid sparing treatment in autoimmune diseases and similar immune-mediated disorders including Behçet's disease, pemphigus vulgaris, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, small vessel vasculitides, and psoriasis.
Its increasing application in treating lupus nephritis has demonstrated more frequent complete response and less frequent complications compared to cyclophosphamide bolus therapy, a regimen with risk of bone marrow suppression, infertility, and malignancy.
Walsh proposed that mycophenolate should be considered as a first-line induction therapy for treatment of lupus nephritis in people without kidney dysfunction.
Compared with azathioprine it has higher incidence of diarrhea, and no difference in risk of any of the other side effects.
Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of people) include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, joint pain; infections, leukopenia, or anemia reflect the immunosuppressive and myelosuppressive nature of the drug.
More rarely, pulmonary fibrosis or various neoplasia occur: melanoma, lymphoma, other malignancies having an occurrences of 1 in 20 to 1 in 200, depending on the type, with neoplasia in the skin being the most common site.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an alert that people are at increased risk of opportunistic infections, such as activation of latent viral infections, including shingles, other herpes infections, cytomegalovirus, and BK virus associated nephropathy.
Mycophenolic acid is associated with miscarriage and congenital malformations when used during pregnancy, and should be avoided whenever possible by women trying to get pregnant.
In contrast, many other cell types use both pathways, and some cells, such as terminally differentiated neurons, depend completely on purine nucleotide salvage.
It is usually used as part of a three-compound regimen of immunosuppressants, also including a calcineurin inhibitor (ciclosporin or tacrolimus) and a glucocorticoid (e.g decadron or prednisone).
Mycophenolate mofetil is reported to have a pKa values of 5.6 for the morpholino moiety and 8.5 for the phenolic group.
In 1896 he isolated crystals of the compound, which he successfully demonstrated as the active antibacterial compound against the anthrax bacterium.
Although it is not commercialised as antibiotic due to its adverse effects, its modified compound (ester derivative) is an approved immunosuppressant drug in kidney, heart, and liver transplantations, and is marketed under the brands CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil by Roche) and Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium by Novartis).
He discovered the metabolic pathway involving an enzyme, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, which is responsible for undesirable immune response in autoimmune diseases, as well as for immune rejection in organ transplantation.
He conceived an idea that if a molecule that could block the enzyme is discovered, then, it would become an immunosuppressive drug that could be used for autoimmune diseases and in organ transplantation.
In 1981 he decided to go for drug discovery and approached several pharmaceutical companies, which turned him down one by one as he had no primary knowledge on drug research.
In one of their experiments the Allisons used an antibacterial compound, mycophenolate mofetil, which was abandoned in clinical use due to its adverse effects.
After successful clinical trials, the compound was approved for use in kidney transplant by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on 3 May 1995, and was commercialised under the brand name CellCept.
Mycophenolate mofetil is beginning to be used in the management of auto-immune disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma (systemic sclerosis or SSc), and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) with success for some patients.
It is also currently being used as a long-term therapy for maintaining remission of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, though thus far, studies have found it inferior to azathioprine.
Torpids is one of two series of bumping races, a type of rowing race, held yearly at Oxford University; the other is Eights Week.
Over 130 men's and women's crews race for their colleges in six men's divisions and five women's; almost 1,200 participants in total.
The racing takes place on the Isis (part of the River Thames) usually in the 7th week of Hilary Term on four successive days from Wednesday to Saturday (around the start of March).
Competing crews start the race lined up in order, one behind another, with their coxes holding ropes attached to the bank, with gaps of about 1.5 boat lengths between the bow of one boat and the stern of the one in front.
Once a bump has taken place, the crew whose boat was hit has to continue racing (and is liable to be bumped again) whilst the bumping crew moves to the side.
The name 'Torpids' derives from the event's origins as a race for the second boats of the colleges, which were of course slower than the first boats.
The status of the event - still adjudged below that of Summer Eights on account of the absence of varsity oarsmen and women - only began to rise at the very end of the nineteenth century, when colleges began to form first boats to compete.
Nowadays there is no limit on the number of boats a college may enter, although crews in the last two divisions and crews without a position have to qualify to race by competing in a timed race the preceding Friday, known as 'rowing on'.
Athletes competing in that year's Boat Race, Women's Boat Race or any of the Lightweight University crews at Henley Boat Races may not compete in Torpids, but may compete in Summer Eights.
The 'Double Headship' is an accolade awarded to any college finishing with both their men's and women's crews at the 'Head of the River'.
Oriel College is the only college to have achieved a Double Headship in Torpids, having both men's and women's crews at the Head of the River in both 2006 and 2018.
The first day's starting order is based on the previous year's finishing positions, and each subsequent day's starting order is based on the previous day's finishing positions.
The crew is both bumped and then proceeds to bump a crew in front of it before the end of the race.
Due to the differences in rules between Torpids and Lent Bumps at the University of Cambridge this achievement is only possible at Oxford.
Due to the gender bias of the time, the young Buchi Emecheta was initially kept at home while her younger brother was sent to school; but after persuading her parents to consider the benefits of her education, she spent her early childhood at an all-girl's missionary school.
A year later, Emecheta received a full scholarship to Methodist Girls' School in Yaba, Lagos, where she remained until the age of 16 when, in 1960, she married Sylvester Onwordi, a schoolboy to whom she had been engaged since she was 11 years old.
Onwordi immediately moved to London to attend a university, and Emecheta joined him there with their first two children in 1962.
While working to support her children alone, she earned a B.Sc (Hons) degree in Sociology in 1972 from the University of London.
The semi-autobiographical novel chronicled the struggles of a main character named Adah, who is forced to live in a housing estate while working as a librarian to support her five children.
These three stories introduced Emecheta's three major themes which were the quest for equal treatment, self confidence and dignity as a woman.
Her works Gwendolen (1989) also published as family, Kehinde (1994) and The New Tribe (2000) differ in some way as they address the issues of immigrants life in Great Britain.
She visited several American universities, including Pennsylvania State University, Rutgers University, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Over the years, Emecheta worked with many cultural and literary organizations, including the Africa Centre, London, and with the Caine Prize for African Writing as a member of the Advisory Council.
Most of her fictional works are focused on sexual discrimination and racial prejudice informed by her own experiences as both a single parent and a black woman living in United Kingdom.
In 2017, Emecheta's son Sylvester Onwordi announced the formation of The Buchi Emecheta Foundation - a charitable organisation promoting literary and educational projects in the UK and in Africa – which was launched in London on 3 February 2018 at the Brunei Gallery, SOAS, together with new editions of several of her books published by Onwordi through his Omenala Press.
In October 2019 a new exhibition space in the library for students at Goldsmiths, University of London, was dedicated to Buchi Emecheta.
The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue (1947; first UK edition, 1948) is a long poem in six parts by W. H. Auden, written mostly in a modern version of Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.
The poem deals, in eclogue form, with man's quest to find substance and identity in a shifting and increasingly industrialized world.
Set in a wartime bar in New York City, Auden uses four characters – Quant, Malin, Rosetta, and Emble – to explore and develop his themes.
2 for Piano and Orchestra), which in turn was used for both a 1950 ballet by Jerome Robbins and a 2014 ballet by Liam Scarlett.
Henri Nestlé (born Heinrich Nestle; August 10, 1814 – July 7, 1890) was a German-Swiss confectioner and the founder of Nestlé, the world's largest food and beverage company.
The Nestle family has its roots in western Swabia, predominantly in boroughs of the Black Forest such as Dornstetten, Freudenstadt, Mindersbach, Nagold, and Sulz am Neckar.
The Nestle family tree began with three brothers (thus the three young birds in the nest being fed by their mother on the family coat of arms) from Mindersbach, called Hans, Heinrich, and Samuel Nestlin.
Hans, the eldest, was born in 1520 and had a son with the same name, who later became mayor of Nagold.
At the end of 1839, he was officially authorized in Lausanne, Switzerland, to perform chemical experiments, make up prescriptions, and sell medicines.
During this time, he changed his name to Henri Nestlé in order to adapt better to the new social conditions in French-speaking Vevey, Switzerland, where he eventually settled.
In 1843, Nestlé bought into one of the region's most progressive and versatile industries at that time, the production of rapeseeds.
He also began manufacturing and selling carbonated mineral water and lemonade, although during the European food crisis in the 1840s, Nestlé gave up mineral water production.
Though it is not known when Nestlé started working on his infant formula project, by 1867, Nestlé had produced a viable powdered milk product.
Moreover, he and his friend Jean Balthasar Schnetzler, a scientist in human nutrition, removed the acid and the starch in wheat flour because they were difficult for babies to digest.
Nestlé's milk-condensation process enabled the chocolatier Daniel Peter, of Vevey, to perfect his milk chocolate formulation in 1875, after seven years of effort, and the two men subsequently formed a partnership which resulted, four years later, in 1879, in the organisation of the Nestlé Company, which eventually became one of the largest of Europe-based confection industries.
Nestlé sold his company in 1875 to his business associates and then lived with his family alternately in Montreux and Glion, where they helped people with small loans and publicly contributed towards improving the local infrastructure.
Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança (March 13, 1907 – May 6, 1995), also known by her literary pseudonym Hilda de Toledano, was a Portuguese writer and journalist who claimed to be the bastard daughter of King Carlos I of Portugal.
From 1932 she also claimed the right to the title of Duchess of Braganza and to be the rightful heiress to the throne of Portugal.
Maria Pia of Braganza claimed that King Carlos I legitimized her through a royal decree and placed her in the line of succession, however no proof was presented to demonstrate this and the King similarly did not have the personal authority to do so.
Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança was born in Lisbon, Portugal, to Maria Amélia Laredó e Murça, the daughter of a wealthy Brazilian couple who had moved to Europe: Armando Maurício Laredó and Maria Amélia Murça e Berhen.
Maria Amélia Laredó e Murça was not married at the time she gave birth to her daughter on March 13, 1907.
There, she said, she was baptised in the Church of Saint Fermin de los Navarros on April 15, 1907 and that the baptism was registered at the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel and Saint Aloysius.
This clearly refers to King Carlos I of Portugal, who at the time was married to another woman, Princess Amélie of Orléans.
The original baptismal registers of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel and Saint Aloysius were destroyed during the Spanish Civil War, and no original birth record of Maria Pia of Braganza has ever been made public.
In 1939 the Vicar-General of the Diocese of Madrid-Alcalas issued a baptismal certificate to Maria Pia of Braganza with information provided to him at that time by Don Antonio Goicoechea y Cusculluela, a member of the Spanish parliament and the Governor of the Bank of Spain, who had reportedly been present at the baptism.
Subsequently Maria Pia of Braganza used this baptismal certificate as evidence for her claim to be the recognised daughter of King Carlos.
In 1925 at the age of eighteen Maria Pia of Braganza married Francesco Javier Bilbao y Batista, a Cuban playboy twenty years her senior.
They had one daughter, Fátima Francisca Xaviera Iris Bilbao de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança, in 1932, who became a cloistered nun in a convent.
The union proved much happier and together they had a daughter, Maria da Glória Cristina Amélia Valéria Antónia Blais de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança, born in 1946.
Maria Cristina of Braganza married the Spanish sculptor Miguel Ortíz y Berrocal (1933–2006) and together they lived in Verona and had two sons: Carlos Miguel Berrocal de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança (born 1976) and Beltrão José Berrocal de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança (born 1978).
It marks the first attempt of Maria Pia to receive widespread public recognition for her claim that she was the bastard daughter of King Carlos I of Portugal.
Instead, Maria Pia of Braganza suggests that the rightful heir to the Portuguese throne should be Princess Isabelle d’Orléans, eldest child of Henri, Count of Paris.
It was not, however, until 1957 that she claimed to be the rightful queen of Portugal in succession to Manuel II, the son of Carlos I (and the purported half-brother of Maria Pia) who had died childless in 1932.
In 1958 she went to Portugal where she was received by the President Francisco Craveiro Lopes; the Prime Minister, António de Oliveira Salazar, however, refused to meet her.
The support given to Salazar by Miguel's heir at the time, Duarte Nuno, in the 1950s enabled Maria Pia of Braganza even more to represent herself as the liberal and democratic claimant to the Portuguese throne.
She claimed that for many years she maintained an ongoing friendship with the exiled King Alfonso XIII of Spain and his son Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, and this was confirmed by the first wife of the latter, Emanuela de Dampierre.
Much correspondence exists between Maria Pia de Bragança and members of European royal families recording her efforts to gain legitimacy within royal circles, but most of the replies were merely polite but unsupportive.
In October 1966 Duarte Nuno petitioned an ecclesiastical court of the Diocese of Madrid-Alcala to remove the name of King Carlos from the baptismal certificate of Maria Pia.
Clearly King Carlos was not present at Maria Pia's baptism, but Maria Pia claimed that the copy of the document purportedly signed by Carlos granting her the rights of the princes of Portugal was sufficient justification in ecclesiastical law for Carlos to be named her father on her baptismal certificate.
In February 1972 the case between Duarte Nuno and Maria Pia moved up to the Sacred Roman Rota, the normal appeal court for the Roman Catholic Church.
On December 6, 1972 the court dismissed the claim, on the grounds that Duarte Nuno did not have legal standing in the case, being only the second cousin twice removed of King Carlos.
The court did not address the primary question of whether there was sufficient evidence for Carlos being Maria Pia's father and thus named as such on the baptismal certificate.
Had the Roman Rota found in favour of Duarte Nuno, his supporters could have said that the court had determined that Carlos was not Maria Pia's father.
Since the court found against Duarte Nuno, the supporters of Maria Pia of Braganza were able to say that the court had affirmed the validity of her baptismal certificate and therefore the validity of her claimed parentage – neither of which in fact actually occurred.
In 1982 Maria Pia filed a claim for the restitution of the private real property of the Royal House of Portugal.
The Court found that Maria Pia had not established the identity of her father, despite the presentation of the same baptismal certificate presented to the court at the Vatican.
On December 2, 1985, Maria Pia signed a document purporting to amend the Portuguese Monarchic Constitution of 1838, and recognising Rosario Poidimani as her eventual heir.
On February 19, 1986 she signed a second document affirming that there was a blood relationship between her and Rosario Poidimani – but not stating exactly what this relationship was.
The Constitution of 1838, which excluded Miguel I of Portugal and his descendants, the present line of the Portuguese Royal family, was revoked in 1842, where the Constitutional Charter of 1826 was reinstated until the Republic, in October 5, 1910.
In August 2010 Rosario Poidimani won a decision against Sainty in the court of Vicenza; for defamation allegedly caused by the article; Sainty was ordered to pay twenty thousand euro in the judgment.
In 2007 Poidimani was arrested on the charge of fraud in connection with the alleged sale of diplomatic passports; Poidimani claimed that he had the right to issue these passports as head of the Royal House of Portugal and president of the IIRD .
The Court of Busto Arsizio initially sentenced him to 5 years in prison in January 2011; However, on April 15, 2013, the Court of Appeal of Milan overturned the conviction and sentence.
There are no original documents to support Maria Pia's claims to be both a daughter of Carlos I and an heir to the Dukedom of Braganza and pretense to the throne of Portugal.
Maria Pia's baptismal certificate from 1907 was destroyed and there is only a copy of the document in which Carlos I supposedly granted succession rights to Maria Pia.
Nonetheless, there exist some records concerning a relationship between Maria Pia's mother Maria Amelia Laredó e Murça and King Carlos I.
A biography of Infanta Eulalia of Spain purports to reveal some letters of the Portuguese King and also reveals the existence of Maria Pia of Braganza as King Carlos I's bastard daughter.
King Alfonso XIII of Spain and his son Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia seem to have had an ongoing friendship with Maria Pia; her supporters have interpreted this relationship as an affirmation on the part of Alfonso and Jaime de Borbón that they recognised Maria Pia de Bragança as Carlos's bastard daughter.
In fact, most of the letters cited by Maria Pia in support of her claim were simply courteous replies by royals to her numerous queries and salutations.
Traditionally, the only way in which a bastard child of a Portuguese monarch could have been made legitimate and take his or her place in the line of succession was if his or her parents subsequently were married.
He did not claim autocratic power, but instead ruled according to the Constitutional Charter of 1826 which stated that the succession to the throne passed only to legitimate descendants.
Even if Carlos had signed a document granting succession rights to Maria Pia, it would have had no legal value at all.
Just as Carlos could not unilaterally change the Constitutional Charter and grant Maria Pia succession rights, neither could Maria Pia (even if she were rightful queen of Portugal) unilaterally change the Constitution and grant succession rights to Rosario Poidimani above her daughter and grandsons.
It was a development and refinement of the LaGG-3, replacing the earlier model's inline engine with the much more powerful Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engine.
During its time in service, it was one of the Soviet Air Force's most capable types of warplane, able to fight German designs on an equal footing.
The LaGG-3 was a modification of that design that attempted to correct this by both lightening the airframe and fitting a more powerful engine.
In early 1942 the LaGG-1 and -3's designer Vladimir Gorbunov attempted to correct this deficiency by experimentally fitting a LaGG-3 with the more powerful Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engine.
Since the LaGG-3 was powered by an inline engine, they accomplished this by grafting on the nose section of a Sukhoi Su-2 (which used this engine).
By now, the shortcomings of the LaGG-3 had caused Lavochkin to fall out of Joseph Stalin's favour, and factories previously assigned to LaGG-3 construction had been turned over to building the rival Yakovlev Yak-1 and Yak-7.
The design work, which required that the LaGG-3 be adapted to its new engine and still maintain the aircraft's balance, was undertaken by Lavochkin in a small hut beside an airfield over the winter of 1941–1942, on a completely unofficial basis.
When the prototype took flight in March, the result was surprisingly pleasing – the fighter finally had a powerplant that allowed it to perform as well in the air as it had been supposed to on paper.
After flying, the LaG-5 (the change in name reflecting that one of the original LaGG designers, Mikhail I. Gudkov, was no longer with the programme), Air Force test pilots declared it superior to the Yak-7, and intensive flight tests began in April.
By July, Stalin ordered maximum-rate production of the aircraft and the conversion of any incomplete LaGG-3 airframes to the new configuration, now simply known as the La-5 (despite Vladimir P. Gorbunov still being with the programme).
While still inferior to the best German fighters at higher altitudes, the La-5 proved to be every bit their match closer to the ground.
With most of the air combat over the Eastern Front taking place at altitudes of under 5,000 m (16,404 ft), the La-5 was very much in its element.
Further refinement of the aircraft involved cutting down the rear fuselage to give the pilot better visibility, making this version the La-5F.
Later, a fuel-injected engine, a different engine air intake and further lightening of the aircraft led to the designation La-5FN that would become the definitive version of the aircraft.
Very late La-5FN production models had two 20mm Berezin B-20 cannon installed in the cowling in place of the heavier two 20mm ShVAK (both were capable of a salvo weight of 3.4 kg/s).
He particularly noted that the La-5FN excelled at altitudes below 3,000 m (9,843 ft) but suffered from short range and flight time of only 40 minutes at cruise engine power.
All of the engine controls (throttle, mixture, propeller pitch, radiator and cowl flaps, and supercharger gearbox) had separate levers which forced the pilot to make constant adjustments during combat or risk suboptimal performance.
As a result, Lerche's recommendations for Fw 190 pilots were to attempt to draw the La-5FN to higher altitudes, to escape attacks in a dive followed by a high-speed shallow climb, and to avoid prolonged turning engagements.
Perhaps the most serious was the thermal isolation of the engine, lack of ventilation in the cockpit, and a canopy that was impossible to open at speeds over 350 km/h.
At first we received regular La-5s, but then we got new ones containing the ASh-82FN engine with direct injection of fuel into the cylinders.
In 1941–45, VVS KA lost 2,591 La-5s: 730 in 1942, 1,460 in 1943, 825 the following year, and 233 in 1945.
It was able to challenge the Messerchmitt Bf 109G-2 and the Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-4 on more or less equal terms, while at tree-top height it was even faster.
One of the most successful La-5 units was 5 GIAP, that flew 3,802 combat sorties, claiming 128 enemy aircraft shot down while losing 52 Lavochkins.
The Lavochkin La-7 () was a piston-engined single-seat Soviet fighter aircraft developed during World War II by the Lavochkin Design Bureau.
It was a development and refinement of the Lavochkin La-5, and the last in a family of aircraft that had begun with the LaGG-1 in 1938.
A small batch of La-7s was given to the Czechoslovak Air Force the following year, but it was otherwise not exported.
By 1943, the La-5 had become a mainstay of the Soviet Air Forces, yet both its head designer, Semyon Lavochkin, as well as the engineers at the Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute (), felt that it could be improved upon.
These included complete sealing of the engine cowling, rearrangement of the wing center section to accommodate the oil cooler and the relocation of the engine air intake from the top of the cowling to the bottom to improve the pilot's view.
Using the same engine as the standard La-5FN c/n 39210206 had a top speed of at a height of , some faster than the production La-5FN.
The La-5, as well as its predecessors, had been built mostly of wood to conserve strategic materials such as aircraft alloys.
With Soviet strategists now confident that supplies of these alloys were unlikely to become a problem, Lavochkin was now able to replace some wooden parts with alloy components.
Three prototype Berezin B-20 autocannon were mounted in the engine cowling, firing through the propeller, arming the 1944 standard-setter (), as the modified aircraft was designated.
The flight tests validated Lavochkin's modifications and it was ordered into production under the designation of La-7, although the B-20 cannon were not yet ready for production and the production La-7 retained the two 20-mm ShVAK cannon armament of the La-5.
The Moscow factory was the fastest to complete transition over to La-7 production and the last La-5FN was built there in May 1944.
21 in Gorky was considerably slower to make the change as it did not exhaust its stock of wooden La-5 wings until October.
Aircraft from both factories were evaluated in September by the Air Force Scientific Test Institute () and the problems persisted as the aircraft could only reach at a height of and had a time to altitude of 5.1 minutes to 5,000 meters.
However four aircraft were lost to engine failures and the engines suffered from numerous lesser problems, despite its satisfactory service in the La-5FN.
One cause was the lower position of the engine air intakes in the wing roots of the La-7 which caused the engine to ingest sand and dust.
One batch of flawed wings was built and caused six accidents, four of them fatal, in October which caused the fighter to be grounded until the cause was determined to be a defect in the wing spar.
These aircraft were heavier than those aircraft with the two ShVAK guns, but the level speed was slightly improved over the original aircraft.
The 63rd Guard Fighter Aviation Corps began combat trials of the La-7 in mid-September 1944 in support of the 1st Baltic Front.
During this time the new fighters made 462 individual sorties and claimed 55 aerial victories while losing four aircraft in combat.
The twin ShVAK armament inherited from the La-5 was no longer powerful enough to bring down later, more heavily armored German fighters, especially the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, in a single burst, even when Soviet pilots opened fire at ranges of only .
The 156th Fighter Air Corps of the 4th Air Army was the next unit to receive the La-7 in October 1944.
For the invasion of Japanese Manchuria, 313 La-7s were assigned and only 28 of these were unserviceable on 9 August 1945.
One fighter regiment of the 1st Czechoslovak Composite Aviation Division was later equipped with the La-7 after participating in the Slovak National Uprising of August–October 1944 with La-5FN.
Despite reports to the contrary, no La-7s were ever sold or transferred to the People's Republic of China or North Korea.
Furthermore, it was fast enough at low altitudes to catch, albeit with some difficulties, Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter-bombers that attacked Soviet units on the frontlines and immediately returned to German-controlled airspace at full speed.
The Yakovlev Yak-3 and the Yakovlev Yak-9U with the Klimov VK-107 engine lacked a large enough margin of speed to overtake the German raiders.
According to VVS-KA records, only 3 La-7s were actually shot down in air combat in all of 1944 and a merely 10 fall victim to anti-aircraft fire with a further 23 due to non-combat cause.
However, aircraft that went missing (not returning) or lost to wear are not included, e.g 24 additional La-7s went missing in 1944.
However, the total VVS-KA record loss may not give a true picture of combat losses, as combat losses were often claimed as non-combat losses either to conceal losses or for propaganda purposes.
Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity (leukocytes), carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes).
The decrease in blood cell counts does not occur right at the start of chemotherapy because the drugs do not destroy the cells already in the bloodstream (these are not dividing rapidly).
Unlike chemotherapy the effects may not be due to direct destruction of stem cells but the results may be equally serious.
The treatment may mirror that of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression or may be to change to an alternate drug or to temporarily suspend treatment.
Because the bone marrow is the manufacturing center of blood cells, the suppression of bone marrow activity causes a deficiency of blood cells.
This condition can rapidly lead to life-threatening infection, as the body cannot produce leukocytes in response to invading bacteria and viruses, as well as leading to anaemia due to a lack of red blood cells and spontaneous severe bleeding due to deficiency of platelets.
Parvovirus B19 inhibits erythropoiesis by lytically infecting RBC precursors in the bone marrow and is associated with a number of different diseases ranging from benign to severe.
In immunocompromised patients, B19 infection may persist for months, leading to chronic anemia with B19 viremia due to chronic marrow suppression.
Bone marrow suppression due to azathioprine can be treated by changing to another medication such as mycophenolate mofetil (for organ transplants) or other disease-modifying drugs in rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.
Bone marrow suppression due to anti-cancer chemotherapy is much harder to treat and often involves hospital admission, strict infection control, and aggressive use of intravenous antibiotics at the first sign of infection.
In developing new chemotherapeutics, the efficacy of the drug against the disease is often balanced against the likely level of myelotoxicity the drug will cause.
In-vitro colony forming cell (CFC) assays using normal human bone marrow grown in appropriate semi-solid media such as ColonyGEL have been shown to be useful in predicting the level of clinical myelotoxicity a certain compound might cause if administered to humans.
These predictive in-vitro assays reveal effects the administered compounds have on the bone marrow progenitor cells that produce the various mature cells in the blood and can be used to test the effects of single drugs or the effects of drugs administered in combination with others.
Horst Feistel (January 30, 1915 – November 14, 1990) was a German-American cryptographer who worked on the design of ciphers at IBM, initiating research that culminated in the development of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) in the 1970s.
The following day he was granted a security clearance and began work for the U.S. Air Force Cambridge Research Center (AFCRC) on Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) devices until the 1950s.
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid medication mostly used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation in conditions such as asthma, COPD, and rheumatologic diseases.
It is important in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and other hormone-sensitive tumors, in combination with other anticancer drugs.
Prednisone can be used in the treatment of decompensated heart failure to increase renal responsiveness to diuretics, especially in heart failure patients with refractory diuretic resistance with large dose of loop diuretics.
In terms of the mechanism of action for this purpose: prednisone, a glucocorticoid, can improve renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide by increasing the density of natriuretic peptide receptor type A in the renal inner medullary collecting duct, inducing a potent diuresis.
Short-term side effects, as with all glucocorticoids, include high blood glucose levels (especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or on other medications that increase blood glucose, such as tacrolimus) and mineralocorticoid effects such as fluid retention.
The mineralocorticoid effects of prednisone are minor, which is why it is not used in the management of adrenal insufficiency, unless a more potent mineralocorticoid is administered concomitantly.
Long-term side effects include Cushing's syndrome, steroid dementia syndrome, truncal weight gain, osteoporosis, glaucoma and cataracts, diabetes mellitus type 2, and depression upon dose reduction or cessation.
Eventually, this may cause the body to temporarily lose the ability to manufacture natural corticosteroids (especially cortisol), which results in dependence on prednisone.
For this reason, prednisone should not be abruptly stopped if taken for more than seven days; instead, the dosage should be gradually reduced.
This weaning process may be over a few days if the course of prednisone was short, but may take weeks or months if the patient had been on long-term treatment.
Glucocorticoids act to inhibit feedback of both the hypothalamus, decreasing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland, decreasing the amount of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
The body must have time to begin synthesis of CRH and ACTH and for the adrenal glands to begin functioning normally again.
Prednisone may start to result in the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis if used at doses 7–10 mg or higher for several weeks.
If this occurs the people should be tapered off prednisone slowly to give the adrenal gland enough time to regain its function and endogenous production of steroids.
The magnitude and speed of dose reduction in corticosteroid withdrawal should be determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the underlying condition being treated, and individual patient factors such as the likelihood of relapse and the duration of corticosteroid treatment.
Systemic corticosteroids may be stopped abruptly in those whose disease is unlikely to relapse and who have received treatment for 3 weeks or less and who are not included in the patient groups described above.
During corticosteroid withdrawal, the dose may be reduced rapidly down to physiological doses (equivalent to prednisolone 7.5 mg daily) and then reduced more slowly.
Prednisone is a synthetic pregnane corticosteroid and derivative of cortisone and is also known as δ-cortisone or 1,2-dehydrocortisone or as 17α,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione.
The first commercially feasible synthesis of prednisone was carried out in 1955 in the laboratories of Schering Corporation, which later became Schering-Plough Corporation, by Arthur Nobile and coworkers.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.27 per day as of 2014 for the form taken by mouth.
It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients needing steroid treatment but unable to take oral medication, and perioperatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an adrenal crisis.
Compared to hydrocortisone, prednisolone is about four times as strong and dexamethasone about forty times as strong in their anti-inflammatory effect.
Prednisolone can also be used as cortisol replacement, and at replacement dose levels (rather than anti-inflammatory levels), prednisolone is about eight times more potent than cortisol.
Topical hydrocortisone creams and ointments are available in most countries without prescription in strengths ranging from 0.05% to 2.5% (depending on local regulations) with stronger forms available by prescription only.
He is the author of eleven novels for adults, eight books for children, seven plays and screenplays, and dozens of short stories.
Doyle's work is set primarily in Ireland, especially working-class Dublin, and is notable for its heavy use of dialogue written in slang and Irish English dialect.
He has also engaged in local causes, including signing a petition supporting journalist Suzanne Breen, who faced gaol for refusing to divulge her sources in court, and joining a protest against an attempt by Dublin City Council to construct 9 ft-high barriers which would interfere with one of his favourite views.
(2004) continues Henry's story in 1924 America, beginning in the Lower East Side of New York City, where he catches the attention of local mobsters by hiring kids to carry his sandwich boards.
He returns to Ireland and is offered work as the caretaker in a school, when circumstances lead to him re-establishing his link with the IRA.
Doyle frequently posts short comic dialogues on his Facebook page which are implied to be between two older men in a pub, often relating to current events in Ireland (such as the 2015 marriage referendum) and further afield.
This latter play was the subject of litigation about copyright which ended with the Abbey Theatre agreeing to pay Adigun €600,000.
It is the capital of Babylon Province and is located adjacent to the ancient city of Babylon, and close to the ancient cities of Borsippa and Kish.
It is situated in a predominantly agricultural region which is extensively irrigated with water provided by the Hilla canal, producing a wide range of crops, fruit and textiles.
The river runs exactly in the middle of the town, and it is surrounded by date palm trees and other forms of arid vegetation, reducing the harmful effects of dust and desert wind.
In the 19th century, the Hilla branch of the Euphrates started to silt up and much agricultural land was lost to drought, but this process was reversed by the construction of the Hindiya Barrage in 1911–1913, which diverted water from the deeper Hindiya branch of the Euphrates into the Hilla canal.
It saw heavy fighting in 1920 during an uprising against the British, when 300 men of the Manchester Regiment were apparently defeated in the city.
It is likely that Babylon was founded in the third millennium BC and rose to prominence over the next thousand years.
Babylon briefly regained independence during the Neo-Babylonian empire towards the end of the 7th century BC, most notably under the reign of king Nebuchadnezzar II, but came under Persian rule in the 6th century BC.
In the 19th century, the flow in the al-Hillah stream decreased, and that led to worsening conditions for agriculture, which affected them greatly.
Iraqi casualties from the Medina Division of the Republican Guard were unknown but heavy, with several hundred reported to have been killed in fierce fighting with the United States Army's 2-70th Armor.
After the battle with the Medina Division the US Army forces moved to Baghdad and the U.S. Marine forces took over responsibilities in Al Hillah.
Local citizens and members of ORHA worked together to exhume thousands of Iraqis who had been killed by Saddam Hussein's security forces during the uprising against his government in 1991.
The 372nd Military Police Company had performed law and order and Iraqi Police training in the city from June 2003 to October 2003 prior to moving on to Abu Ghraib prison.
A detailed scientific study at the University of Babylon proved that Babil province is rich with natural untapped oil, gas and minerals of economic and industrial rocks and sediments of rivers and groundwater that can be exploited to intensify studies, geophysical surveys and mining.
At the beginning of 2005, the local health department announced some plans to build two hospitals with 50 beds each near Al-Khifil and Al-Shomaly.
Staff master plan is to raise the level of training of personnel in the field of nursing and re-construction of new health centers across the province.
Hillah contains four major government hospitals and they are: Hillah General Teaching Hospital, Babylon Hospital for Women and Children, Mirjan Teaching Hospital, and Al Noor Hospital for Children.
The conference offers a number of scientific presentations that address the medical health and education in the country and projects to support health and medical research in the future.
There is also an exhibition of modern medical devices and electric vehicles for people with disabilities, in addition to medicines and treatments.
It was chosen as the cultural capital of Iraq in 2008 because of its large cultural gatherings and art galleries, as well as the many talents in all fields of culture and art, particularly poetry, writing, music and vocals.
And many well known Iraqi writers have written about it, including: Mr. Abdul-Razzaq al-Husseini, Abd al-Qadir al-Zahawi, Mohammad Mehdi Aljawahiri, Rusafi, Sahtia AlHasri, Dr. Fadel Aljamali, Thi Alnun Ayoub, Dr Ali Jawad Tahir, and Ahmad al-Safi al-Najafi.
Many writers, poets, and artists have also come from Hillah, including: Sharif Alrhdi, Dheyaa Hamio, Saifuddin Al-Hilly, Mohammed Mahdi Albasir, Ali Jawad Tahir, archaeologist Ahmed Sosa, Taha Baqer, and Ahmed Saeed.
We know of at least one hundred books written by him, some of which are still in the form of manuscripts.
It was located in the top floor of the Grand Mosque and the first director of it was Mr. Abdul Mahdi al-Hilali.
Later the school moved to a building on the Shatt al-Hilla with four classes, but this school was not stable because the majority of students leave these schools to study at the seminary.
University education in Hillah started with the founding of the Institute of Management in 1976 and the foundation of the Department of Technology and Management Branch Stores.
In 1980 it was called the Technical Institute; today it is called the Technical Institute in Babylon and includes the following fields: scientific (civil and space and electrical and electronic devices, computers and mechanics, machinery and equipment), administrative (accounting, management, and computer systems), and medical (community health and nursing).
In 1959 the Technical Institute established a project Musayyib that included these disciplines: technological (Irrigation and mechanics, machinery and equipment), administrative (accounting, warehouse management), and agricultural (plant production, soil and land reclamation, machinery and agricultural equipment, and production of life).
Starting in 1991, the University of Babylon offers education in fine arts, law, engineering, science, education, medicine, management, economy, literature, agriculture, science for girls dentistry, veterinary medicine, and nursing.
The university includes several scientific centers: Center for Studies Babylonian Center, documents and studies Hillah, electronic calculators, Teaching Methods Development Center, and Continuing Education Center.
The province of Babylon contains five universities: Babylon University, Alqasim Green University (introduced in 2012 in Al-Qasim), Al-Nahrain University, Almostaqbal University College, and Hillah University College.
Located just 5 km north of the city of Hillah, Babylon was a marveled city of the ancient world, especially under the rule of king Nebuchadnezzar (605–562 BC).
It was the capital of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and its walls and hanging gardens were considered one of the seven wonders of the world.
It also sold IXI Panorama (a window manager), IXI Premier Motif, IXI Wintif (a version of Motif with Microsoft Windows 3.11, and later Windows 95, look-and-feel) and Motif training courses.
The IXI brand continued until 1995 when the company (now a business unit of SCO) was merged with another SCO acquisition, Visionware, to form IXI Visionware.
Later that year the merged business unit was integrated more fully into its parent and became the Client Integration Division of SCO.
This division developed and released the Tarantella terminal services application in 1997 and became the core of Tarantella, Inc. in 2001.
Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
This is in contrast to retrograde amnesia, where memories created prior to the event are lost while new memories can still be created.
To a large degree, anterograde amnesia remains a mysterious ailment because the precise mechanism of storing memories is not yet well understood, although it is known that the regions involved are certain sites in the temporal cortex, especially in the hippocampus and nearby subcortical regions.
In the other case, which has been studied extensively since the early 1970s, patients often have permanent damage, although some recovery is possible, depending on the nature of the pathophysiology.
In cases of pure anterograde amnesia, patients have recollections of events prior to the injury, but cannot recall day-to-day information or new facts presented to them after the injury occurred.
In most cases of anterograde amnesia, patients lose declarative memory, or the recollection of facts, but they retain nondeclarative memory, often called procedural memory.
For instance, they are able to remember and in some cases learn how to do things such as talking on the phone or riding a bicycle, but they may not remember what they had eaten earlier that day for lunch.
One extensively studied anterograde amnesiac patient, codenamed H.M., demonstrated that despite his amnesia preventing him from learning new declarative information, procedural memory consolidation was still possible, albeit severely reduced in power.
Despite having no memory of having completed the maze the day before, unconscious practice of completing the same maze over and over reduced the amount of time needed to complete it in subsequent trials.
no conscious memory of completing the maze exists), the patients still had a working procedural memory (learning done unconsciously through practice).
Certain authors claim the deficit in temporal context memory is more significant than the deficit in semantic learning ability (described below).
This disorder is usually acquired in one of four ways: One cause is benzodiazepine drugs such as; midazolam, flunitrazepam, lorazepam, temazepam, nitrazepam, triazolam, clonazepam, alprazolam, diazepam, and nimetazepam; all of which are known to have powerful amnesic effects.
There are several types of encephalitis: one such is herpes simplex encephalitis (HSV), which, if left untreated, can lead to neurological deterioration.
How HSV gains access to the brain is unknown; the virus shows a distinct predilection for certain parts of the brain.
Damage to specific areas can result in reduced or eliminated ability to encode new explicit memories, giving rise to anterograde amnesia.
Patients suffering from anterograde amnesia may have episodic, semantic, or both types of explicit memory impaired for events after the trauma that caused the amnesia.
Amnesia is seen in patients who, for the reason of preventing another more serious disorder, have parts of their brains known to be involved in memory circuits removed, the most notable of which is known as the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system, described below.
Patients with seizures originating in the MTL may have either side or both structures removed (there is one structure per hemisphere).
In addition, patients with tumors who undergo surgery will often sustain damage to these structures, as is described in a case below.
This is why people who suffer from strokes have a chance of developing cognitive deficits that result in anterograde amnesia, since strokes can involve the temporal lobe in the temporal cortex, and the temporal cortex houses the hippocampus.
Studies show rapid rises in blood alcohol concentration over a short period of time severely impair or in some cases completely block the brain's ability to transfer short-term memories created during the period of intoxication to long-term memory for storage and later retrieval.
Such rapid rises are caused by drinking large amounts of alcohol in short periods of time, especially on an empty stomach, as the dilution of alcohol by food slows the absorption of alcohol.
Alcohol-related anterograde amnesia is directly related to the rate of consumption of alcohol (and is often associated with binge drinking), and not just the total amount of alcohol consumed in a drinking episode.
Test subjects have been found not to experience amnesia when drinking slowly, despite being heavily intoxicated by the end of the experiment.
When alcohol is consumed at a rapid rate, the point at which most healthy people's long-term memory creation starts to fail usually occurs at approximately 0.20% BAC, but can be reached as low as 0.14% BAC for inexperienced drinkers.
Chronic alcoholism often leads to a thiamine (vitamin B) deficiency in the brain, causing Korsakoff's syndrome, a neurological disorder which is generally preceded by an acute neurological condition known as Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE).
The memory impairment that is pathognomonic to Korsakoff's syndrome predominantly affects the declarative memory, leaving non-declarative memory that is often procedural in nature relatively intact.
The disproportionate severity in anterograde episodic memory processes in contrast to other cognitive processes is what differentiates Korsakoff syndrome from other conditions such as alcohol-related dementia.
Evidence for the preservation of certain memory processes in the presence of severe anterograde episodic memory serve as experimental paradigm to investigate the components of human memory.
The pathophysiology of anterograde amnesic syndromes varies with the extent of damage and the regions of the brain that were damaged.
Beyond the details described below, the precise process of how we remember – on a micro scale – remains a mystery.
Neuropsychologists and scientists are still not in total agreement over whether forgetting is due to faulty encoding, accelerated forgetting, or faulty retrieval, although a great deal of data seem to point to the encoding hypothesis.
Though most researchers, including Hasselmo et al., have found the consolidation process is spread out over several hours before transitioning from a fragile to a more permanent state, others, including Brown et al., posit that memory consolidation can take months or even years in a drawn-out process of consolidation and reinforcement.
Further research into the length of time of memory consolidation will shed more light on why anterograde amnesia sometimes affects some memories gained after the event(s) that caused the amnesia, but does not affect other such memories.
It is also known to communicate with the neocortex in the establishment and maintenance of long-term memories, although its known functions are independent of long-term memory.
Nondeclarative memory, on the other hand, which allows for the performance of different skills and habits, is not part of the MTL memory system.
In animal models, researchers have shown monkeys with damage to both the hippocampus and its adjacent cortical regions were more severely impaired in terms of anterograde amnesia than monkeys with damage localized to hippocampal structures.
However, conflicting data in another primate study point to the observation that the amount of tissue damaged does not necessarily correlate with the severity of the memory loss.
Furthermore, the data do not explain the dichotomy that exists in the MTL memory system between episodic memory and semantic memory (described below).
An important finding in amnesic patients with MTL damage is the impairment of memory in all sensory modalities – sound, touch, smell, taste, and sight.
This reflects the fact that the MTL is a processor for all of the sensory modalities, and helps store these kind of thoughts into memory.
In addition, subjects can often remember how to perform relatively simple tasks immediately (on the order of 10 seconds), but when the task becomes more difficult, even on the same time scale, subjects tend to forget.
This demonstrates the difficulty of separating procedural memory tasks from declarative memory; some elements of declarative memory may be used in learning procedural tasks.
MTL amnesic patients with localized damage to the hippocampus retain other perceptual abilities, such as the ability to intelligently function in society, to make conversation, to make one's bed, etc.
For this reason, the MTL is not the storage place of all memories; other regions in the brain also store memories.
A limited number of cases have been described in which patients with damage to other parts of the brain acquired anterograde amnesia.
Easton and Parker observed damage to either the hippocampus or the surrounding cortices does not seem to result in severe amnesia in primate models.
They suggested damage to the hippocampus and surrounding structures alone does not explain the amnesia they saw in patients, or increasing damage does not correlate with the degree of impairment.
They proposed that the disruption of neurons that project from the basal forebrain to the MTL are responsible for some of the impairment in anterograde amnesia.
Easton and Parker also reported MRI scans of patients with severe anterograde amnesia showed damage beyond to cortical areas around the hippocampus and amygdala (a region of brain involved in emotions) and to surrounding white matter (white matter in the brain consists of axons, long projections of neuronal cell bodies).
Another case described the onset of anterograde amnesia as a result of cell death in the fornix, another structure that carries information from the hippocampus to the structures of the limbic system and the diencephalon.
The patient in this case did not show any disconnection syndrome, which is unexpected since the structures involved divide the brain hemispheres (both sides of her brain were able to communicate).
When there is damage to just one side of the MTL, there is opportunity for normal functioning or near-normal function for memories.
Remapping can occur in cases like the one above, and, with time, the patient can recover and become more skilled at remembering.
A case report describing a patient who had two lobectomies – in the first, doctors removed part of her right MTL first because of seizures originating from the region, and later her left because she developed a tumor – demonstrates this.
This case is unique because it is the only one in which both sides of the MTL were removed at different times.
The authors observed that the patient was able to recover some ability to learn when she had only one MTL, but observed the deterioration of function when both sides of the MTL were afflicted.
The reorganization of brain function for epileptic patients has not been investigated much, but imaging results show that it is likely.
Approaches used to treat those who suffer from anterograde amnesia often use interventions which focus on compensatory techniques, such as beepers, written notes, diaries or through intensive training programs involving the active participation of the individual concerned, along with their supporting network of family and friends.
In this perspective, environmental adaptation techniques are used, such as the compensatory technique education to training (exercise), organizational strategies, visual imagery and verbal labeling.
So far, it has been proven that education techniques of compensatory strategies for memory disorders are effective in individuals with minor traumatic brain injuries.
In moderately or severely injured individuals, effective interventions are those appealing to external aids, such as reminders in order to facilitate particular knowledge or skill acquisition.
Reality orientation techniques are also considered; Their purpose is to enhance orientation using stimulation and repetition of the basic orientation information.
Episodic memory is the recollection of autobiographical information with a temporal and/or spatial context, whereas semantic memory involves recall of factual information with no such association (language, history, geography, etc.).
However, his semantic memory is intact; he remembers that he owns a car and two motorcycles, and he can even remember the names of his classmates in a school photograph.
In stark contrast, a woman whose temporal lobes were damaged in the front due to encephalitis lost her semantic memory; she lost her memory of many simple words, historical events, and other trivial information categorized under semantic memory.
However, her episodic memory was left intact; she can recall episodes such as her wedding and her father's death with great detail.
describe that it remains unclear whether neural circuits involved in semantic and episodic memory overlap partially or completely, and this case seems to suggest that the two systems are independent.
's episodic memory, on the other hand, was far below expectations: She could not retain daily events, where she had gone on vacation, the names of places she had been, and other such information.
However, this study and others like it are susceptible to subjectivity, since it is not always possible to clearly distinguish between episodic and semantic memory.
The right hippocampus is clearly necessary for familiarity in spatial tasks, whereas the left hippocampus is necessary for familiarity-based recollection in verbal tasks.
According to Gilboa et al., patients with localized hippocampal damage can score well on a test if it is based on familiarity.
describe a case study of patient A.D., whose damage to the fornix rendered the hippocampus useless, but spared adjacent cortical areas – a fairly rare injury.
When the patient was given a test with something with which he had some familiarity, the patient was able to score well.
Other studies show animals with similar injuries can recognize objects with which they are familiar, but, when the objects are presented in an unexpected context, they do not score well on recognition tests.
Patients with anterograde amnesia have trouble recalling new information and new autobiographical events, but the data are less consistent in regard to the latter.
The researchers recorded patients giving long narratives with a fair amount of detail that resembled memories that the patients had prior to the trauma.
The appearance of islands of memory could have something to do with the functioning of adjacent cortical areas and the neocortex.
Molaison's chief complaint was the persistence of severe seizures and therefore had a bilateral lobectomy (both of his MTLs were removed).
A similar case involved Clive Wearing, an accomplished musicologist who contracted a cold sore virus that attacked his brain, causing herpes simplex encephalitis.
As a result, Wearing developed both anterograde and retrograde amnesia, so he has little memory of what happened before the virus struck him in 1985, and cannot learn new declarative knowledge after the virus struck him either.
He has a history of repeatedly recording these moments of waking up in his journal (e.g., On Sept 2, 2013, I woke up, etc.
Therefore, despite anterograde amnesia preventing Wearing from learning new bits of information that can be explained in words (declarative memory), and also preventing him from storing new memories of events or episodes (also part of declarative memory), he has little trouble in retaining his musical abilities (procedural memory), though he has no conscious memory of having learned music.
Another case in the literature is Eugene Pauly, known as E.P., a severely amnesic patient (owing to viral encephalitis) who was able to learn three-word sentences.
Bayley and Squire claim the learning may have happened in the neocortex, and it happened without the conscious knowledge of E.P.
This case illustrates the difficulty in separating procedural from declarative tasks; this adds another dimension to the complexity of anterograde amnesia.
In the 2016 video game , the character Sorin Sprocket is eventually revealed to have anterograde amnesia, which he developed after unintentionally causing a car accident which killed his sister.
This depiction is notable for demonstrating the relationship issues that arise between Sorin and his fiancée, Ellen Wyatt, as a result of this disorder, most noticeably with how Sorin's feelings towards her to coming across as distant and cold.
As the storyline continues, however, the player comes to uncover that Sorin in fact deeply loves his fiancée, and is able to maintain this love despite his disorder, but in fact feels a sense of guilt over the fact that he has to constantly remind himself of the fact that this love exists inside of him every day, due to his disorder.
It is also noticeable in that it depicts how Sorin deals with his disorder, by keeping a journal where he writes down every detail of every day after his sister's death.
He carries this journal around everywhere he goes as a substitution to his memories, and uses what is written in the notebook to become aware each time he wakes up of the fact that he has his condition, what the current date apparently is, and everything important that have apparently occurred on every day since he first developed the condition.
The episode also deals with legal issues concerning the disorder, when it is debated during Ellen Wyatt's trial as to whether Sorin's journal can be considered a proper substitution to his memories for the sake of viable witness testimony.
Dangers imposed by this also come into play when it is revealed that a page in Sorin's journal had been altered by someone, which causes him to go into mental collapse that any of his other memories and thoughts could also have arisen from someone else's manipulation.
Basiliximab (trade name Simulect) is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells.
Basiliximab is an immunosuppressant agent used to prevent immediate transplant rejection in people who are receiving kidney transplants, in combination with other agents.
It has been reported that some cases of lichen planus have been successfully treated with basiliximab as an alternative therapy to cyclosporin.
Basiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling.
This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, which would bind to the transplanted organ and stimulate an immune response against the transplant.
Daclizumab (trade name Zinbryta) is a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody which was used for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).
In clinical trials it showed 45% decrease in annualized relapse rate, a 41% reduction in the proportion of patients who relapsed, and a 54% reduction in the number of new lesions.
For that indication, side effects with a frequency of at least 10% included sleeplessness, tremor, headache, arterial hypertension, dyspnoea, gastrointestinal side effects and oedema.
In the US, daclizumab is contraindicated in people with liver impairment, including significantly elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and autoimmune hepatitis.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) originally approved the drug without any contraindications apart from known hypersensitivity, but required Biogen to implement a hepatic risk management guide for physicians.
An EMA review concluded that the medicine poses a risk of serious and potentially fatal immune reactions affecting the brain, liver and other organs.
In clinical trials for MS, there were no treatment-related deaths or increased risk of cancer; side effects that occurred more frequently with daclizumab versus interferon included infections (65% versus 57%), skin rashes (37% versus 19%) and liver complications (approximately 18% versus 12%).
While the exact mechanism is unknown, the net effect is a reduction of T-cell responses and expansion of CD56 natural killer cells.
After subcutaneous injection of a single dose, daclizumab has a bioavailability of about 90% and reaches highest blood plasma levels after 5 to 7 days.
It is expected that daclizumab, like other antibodies, is degraded by proteases to peptides and finally amino acids, and that it does not interact with cytochrome P450 liver enzymes.
Anti-Tac had been discovered by Thomas A. Waldmann, M.D., chief of the Metabolism Branch at the National Cancer Institute and his team, and they had conducted animal studies and a small clinical trial of anti-Tac in people with T-cell leukemia, with promising results, but people quickly developed their own antibodies rejecting the mouse protein; Waldman, and his colleagues then approached Protein Design Labs to humanize the antibody.
PDL and the NIH scientists then approached Roche, a leader in transplant medicine development, to get the drug developed and approved, as PDL didn't have the resources to actually bring the product to market.
In December 1997 daclizumab was approved by the FDA for use in preventing acute rejection of kidney transplants, in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids; it was the first humanized antibody approved anywhere in the world.
At launch, the average wholesale price for the drug was estimated to be $6,800 for five doses and it was estimated that annual sales would be between $100 million and $250 million within five years of the launch and it was thought that the drug's use would be expanded for use in other organ transplants.
PDL began clinical trials of daclizumab on its own, and in September 2004 after the drug had shown promise in a Phase II trial, PDL and Roche agreed to expand their relationship to include codevelopment of daclizumab for asthma and other respiratory conditions.
In August 2005, PDL and Biogen Idec agreed to collaborate to develop daclizumab in indications outside the fields of organ rejection and respiratory disease.
In November 2005 Roche and PDL agreed to try to develop a formulation of daclizumab that would be useful as a subcutaneous injection for longterm maintenance in organ transplant.
in 2008 PDL spun out its active development programs into a company called Facet Biotech and development of daclizumab for multiple sclerosis and the partnership with Biogen was included in that spinout.
In 2009 Biogen attempted a hostile buy out of Facet for $350M; Facet rejected that offer and was purchased by Abbvie for $450 million in cash the next year.
In May 2016 the FDA approved daclizumab for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis in adults in 2016 under the trade name Zinbryta, with requirements for postmarketing studies and to submit a formal Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy.
The city was established around 1000 CE in the western half of the Walled City, which was fortified by a mud wall during the medieval era.
The Walled City rose in prominence after being selected as the Mughal capital, which resulted in construction of the Lahore Fort - now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as the city's new reinforced walls.
The Walled City was bestowed with numerous monuments during the Mughal era, with some of Lahore's most iconic structures being located in the Walled City, such as the lavishly decorated Wazir Khan Mosque, the massive Badshahi Mosque, and the Shahi Hammam.
Under Sikh rule, the city was again selected as capital, and the Walled City again rose in prominence with numerous religious buildings built in the Walled City at the time, including the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, and the Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das.
The first phase of the project was completed in 2015 with support from the governments of Norway and the United States of America.
According to carbon dating evidence from archaeological finds in the Lahore Fort, settlement in region have existed as early as 2,000 BCE.
Though modern-city's founding may have been as early as 1000 CE, Lahore gained prominence only with the invasion of Muslim rulers from Central Asia.
The city served as a capital during the Ghaznavid, Ghorid, and Delhi Sultanate period, but was not widely mentioned until around 1400.
Ibn Battuta knew of the city, but chose not to visit it, while Tamerlane spared the city destruction in his 1398 invasion, and delegated its sacking to a subordinate.
The entire city of Lahore during the medieval Ghaznavid era was probably located west of the modern Shah Alami, and north of the Bhatti Gate.
Many of the city's pre-Mughal tombs were built along the perimeter of this outline, including the Data Darbar shrine, Tomb of Malik Ayaz, and the Aybak tomb.
By the time of Mughal rule, a majority of its residents did not live within the walled city itself, but instead lived in suburbs that had spread outside of the city's walls.
Lahore's eminence largely began after 1584, when the Emperor Akbar ordered a palace to be built at what is now the Lahore Fort after shifting his capital to Lahore from Fatehpur Sikri.
During his reign, Mughal nobles were encouraged to build palaces and gardens in and around Lahore, and many of Lahore's first haveli mansions date from this period.
During the reign of Emperor Jahangir, Lahore was still considered less important that the old Mughal capital of Agra, as evidenced by the construction of the Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah there rather than in Lahore.
However, the importance of the city grew drastically with the presence of the Mughal Court, and the city's suburbs spread out more than 5 kilometres beyond the Walled City.
The Emperor Jahangir was later buried in an extravagant tomb in the Shahdara Bagh across the River Ravi, whose construction was overseen by his wife, Nur Jahan.
The family of Nur Jahan built several garden-residences within and around the Walled City, and was later buried in Shahdara Bagh.
His first monumental project in the city was the Wazir Khan Mosque, built at the site of a simple pre-Mughal shrine.
He also built two other mosques in the Walled City, as well as the Shahi Hammam - famous for its lavish use of frescoes as a decorative element.
The city's population rapidly declined during this era, and the entire population of the city was said to live within the confines of the Walled City, with numerous citadels and suburbs depopulated.
Instability hindered Lahore's progress until the arrival of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who in 1799 made Lahore the Sikhs' administrative capital for the next 50 years, ruling from the Old City's Lahore Fort.
In 1812, they refurbished the city's defenses and added a second circuit of walls around the city that largely followed the outline of walls from the Akbari period.
Ranjit Singh and his descendant bestowed the Walled City with religious monuments such as the Gurdwara Dera Sahib, Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das, and Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, and numerous Hindu temples, as well as secular buildings such as the Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh, and Hazuri Bagh Baradari.
New neighbourhoods occasionally grew up entirely within the confines of an old Mughal haveli, such as the Mohallah Pathran Wali, which grew within the ruins of a haveli of the same name that was built by Mian Khan.
By 1831, all Mughal havelis in the Walled City had been encroached upon by the surrounding neighbourhood, leading to the modern-day absence of any Mughal havelis in Lahore.
After the British captured Lahore from the Sikhs in 1846, annexation of the Punjab in 1849, the Walled City's administrative practices were largely maintained.
Several of the city's older Mughal and Sikh monuments were repurposed by British authorities during their early rule, as resources for planning and building new administrative buildings were scarce.
The Tomb of Anarkali, for example, was appropriated first for office space, before its conversion in 1851 into an Anglican church until 1891.
It thereafter was used once again for civil purposes as a document repository - a function which it serves until present day.
Following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, British colonialists destroyed Lahore's city walls, as well as its gateways, though several were later rebuilt.
The British built the Lahore Junction railway station outside the city's former walls, in a unique fortified style complete with turrets and crenellations, and loopholes for directing rifle fire.
The British regarded the Walled City as a potential hotbed for disease and social instability, and instead focused development away from the Walled City, and into suburban areas to the south and east, where numerous British-era buildings now stand, along with the Lahore Cantonment - originally laid by British administrators.
By the early 20th century, the Walled City's mohallahs came under the administration of British municipal laws which had only previously applied in Civil Station.
The city of Lahore during the Ghaznavid era was probably located in the southwest portion of today's Walled City, with several of the city's pre-Mughal tombs built along the perimeter of this area.
A mud fort is believed to have surrounded the medieval city, and may have been built by Malik Ayaz, the first Muslim governor of Lahore.
Mughal Emperors embellished the city with monuments, and the city accumulated monuments from several different periods - in contrast to Fatehpur Sikri or Old Delhi which were largely built during the reign of a single Mughal Emperor.
Empress Nur Jahan and her family built a number of residences and gardens within the Walled City, and outside of the city walls in the suburbs during this period.
During the British era, a new gate was built next to the Shahi Hammam, and new streets built in that area.
The Shah Alami Bazaar area was once a largely Hindu quarter of the Walled City, and was the busiest and most densely populated part of the city where sunlight would rarely reach the street below.
During the 1947 riots that accompanied the Partition of British India, much of the area was burnt down, with rebuilding of the area beginning in 1949.
Rebuilding was done in a contemporary style, rather than the historic style of the rest of the city, in order to widen streets and to create more commercial space.
The convoluted and picturesque streets of the inner city remain almost intact, but the rapid demolition and frequently illegal rebuilding taking place throughout the city is causing the historic fabric to be eroded and replaced by inferior constructions.
The Lahore Fort is notable for having been almost entirely rebuilt in the 17th century, when the Mughal Empire was at the height of its splendour and opulence.
The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aurangzeb's father and predecessor, Shah Jahan.
The mosque is an important example of Mughal architecture, with an exterior that is decorated with carved red sandstone with marble inlay.
It is the largest and most recent of the grand imperial mosques of the Mughal-era, and is the second-largest mosque in Pakistan.
The mosque has been under extensive restoration since 2009 under the direction of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and the Government of Punjab, with contributions from the governments of Germany, Norway, and the United States.
The Begum Shahi Mosque () is an early 17th-century mosque that was built between 1611 and 1614 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in honour of his mother.
It is Lahore's earliest surviving example of a Mughal-era mosque, and influenced construction of the larger Wazir Khan Mosque a few decades later.
Unlike the Wazir Khan Mosque and Badshahi Mosque which were built at the zenith of the Mughal Empire in the 17th century, the Sunehri Mosque was built in 1753 when the empire was in decline.
The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh () is a 19th-century shrine that houses the funerary urns of the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1780 - 1839).
It is located adjacent the Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque, as well the Gurdwara Dera Sahib which marks the spot where the 5th guru of Sikhism, Guru Arjan Dev, died.
Construction of the building was started by Kharak Singh on the spot where he was cremated, and was completed by his youngest son, Duleep Singh in 1848.
The Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das () is a gurdwara built atop the site traditionally believed to be the location of the birthplace and childhood home of Guru Ram Das, the 4th Sikh gurus.
The Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh () is considered to be one of the finest examples of Sikh architecture in Lahore, and is the only Sikh-era haveli that preserves its original ornamentation and architecture.
No longer used as a hammam, the baths were restored between 2013 and 2015 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and the Walled City of Lahore Authority.
The Hazuri Bagh Baradari () is a baradari of white marble located in the Hazuri Bagh quadrangle, which forms the space between the Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort, and the Badshahi Mosque.
The Fort Road Food Street () is a pedestrianised area located on the Fort Road within the walled city that is dedicated to culinary stalls and restaurants specialising Lahori cuisine.
All survived until the 1857 Uprising, when in an effort to de-fortify the city, all but one of the gates were destroyed by the British.
Three were rebuilt as simpler structures, while the Delhi Gate, Shah Alami Gate, and Lohari Gate were built in a more elaborate style.
Prior to completion of the project's first phase, the vicinity around the Wazir Khan Mosque had been encroached upon by illegally erected shops which blocked off much of the mosque from the surrounding neighborhood.
Tangled power lines further spoiled views of the mosque, and the Wazir Khan Chowk had been badly neglected and had shrunk in size due to illegally constructed shops.
Power lines along the project corridor were also placed underground, and the Chitta Gate at the eastern entrance to Wazir Khan Chowk was rehabilitated.
Großauheim (13,369 inhabitants, without Wolfgang 11,669) is the largest district of Hanau, Hesse, Germany, on the north bank of the Main.
It was a farming village until the end of the 19th century but during the 20th century, numerous branches of industry settled there.
In 1972, Großauheim included Wolfgang but due to the Hessian regional reform, Großauheim and Wolfgang were incorporated into Hanau in 1974.
Jaan Einasto (born 23 February 1929, in Tartu) is an Estonian astrophysicist and one of the discoverers of the large-scale structure of the Universe.
He attended the University of Tartu, where he received the Ph.D. equivalent in 1955 and a senior research doctorate in 1972.
From 1952, he has worked as a scientist at the Tartu Observatory (1977–1998) Head of the Department of Cosmology; in 1992-1995, he was Professor of Cosmology at the University of Tartu.
For a long time, he was Head of the Division of Astronomy and Physics of the Estonian Academy of Sciences in Tallinn.
Einasto is a member of the Academia Europaea, the European Astronomical Society and the Royal Astronomical Society; he has received three Estonian National Science Awards.
Although this term historically was derived from the notion of a ring ideal of abstract algebra, it has subsequently been generalized to a different notion.
While this is the most general way to define an ideal for arbitrary posets, it was originally defined for lattices only.
The dual notion of an ideal, i.e., the concept obtained by reversing all ≤ and exchanging formula_2 with formula_3, is a filter.
Some authors use the term ideal to mean a lower set, i.e., they include only condition 2 above, while others use the term order ideal for this weaker notion.
With the weaker definition, an ideal of a lattice seen as a poset is not closed under joins, so it is not necessarily an ideal of the lattice.
The existence of prime ideals is in general not obvious, and often a satisfactory amount of prime ideals cannot be derived within ZF (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice).
When a poset is a distributive lattice, maximal ideals and filters are necessarily prime, while the converse of this statement is false in general.
In the special case that the considered order is a Boolean algebra, this theorem is called the Boolean prime ideal theorem.
It is strictly weaker than the axiom of choice and it turns out that nothing more is needed for many order-theoretic applications of ideals.
He adopted this terminology because, using the isomorphism of the categories of Boolean algebras and of Boolean rings, the two notions do indeed coincide.
At one time, wingspans have been published for the species up to but more recent estimates put the wingspan more likely in the range of .
Average weights are of course much less in both the albatross and condor than this teratorn, at approximately and , respectively.
The ability to fly is not a simple question of weight ratios, except in extreme cases; size and structure of the wing must also be taken into account.
A mute swan, which may have personally lost the power of flight due to extreme weight, was found to have weighed .
The largest flying creatures overall that are known to exist are not birds, but instead unrelated reptiles, namely the azhdarchid pterosaurs of the Cretaceous.
Mass estimates for these azhdarchids are on the order of and their estimated height on the ground was roughly analogous to an elephant or small giraffe.
Comparison with extant birds suggests it laid one or two eggs with a mass of somewhat over (smaller than an ostrich egg) every two years.
Climate considerations make it likely that the birds incubated over the winter, mates exchanging duties of incubating and procuring food every few days, and that the young were independent after some 16 months, but not fully mature until aged about a dozen years.
Mortality must have been very low; to maintain a viable population less than about 2% of birds may have died each year.
Although its legs were strong enough to provide it with a running or jumping start, the wings were simply too long to flap effectively until the bird was some height off the ground.
It may have flown and lived much like the modern Andean condor, scanning large areas of land from aloft for carrion.
The climate of the Andean foothills in Argentina during the late Miocene was warmer and drier than today, which would have further aided the bird in staying aloft atop thermal updrafts.
It probably preferred to scavenge for carrion, and it is possible that it habitually chased metatherian carnivores such as Thylacosmilidae from their kills.
However, they may too have lied in wait from a ground position, which would render them likely grounded until heavy winds allowed them to fly.
Wish is the ninth studio album by British alternative rock band The Cure, released on 21 April 1992 through record label Fiction in the UK and Elektra in the US.
The record is the final studio album featuring Boris Williams and the first featuring Perry Bamonte, as well as being the last album featuring Porl Thompson for sixteen years.
He attended West Chester East High School and cites his friendship with Chris Raab as his only reason for attending high school.
Margera began shooting videos of himself and his friends skateboarding and doing stunts, which eventually turned into the CKY video series.
These early videos feature many of Margera's friends, including Ryan Dunn, Brandon DiCamillo, Rake Yohn, Chris Raab, and Brandon Novak, who form a loose collective known as the CKY Crew.
The show was primarily filmed in West Chester but also visited New Orleans, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Brazil, Finland, Mexico, Amsterdam and Transylvania.
The first episode showcased Margera and his friends' attempt to conquer an obstacle course race in the Tough Guy Competition, held in Staffordshire, England.
He was also at various times sponsored by Speed Metal Bearings, Adio Footwear, Electric Sunglasses, Volcom, Landspeed Wheels, Destroyer Trucks, Destructo Trucks, and Fairman's Skateshop.
He did return to skating casually, resulting in a renewed partnership with Element Skateboards to celebrate the brand's 25th anniversary by rereleasing a series of ten of his most memorable deck designs.
On an episode of Radio Bam, Margera said that they were trying to make the movie PG-13 rated, but with the amount of swearing and a shot of nudity, an R rating could not be avoided.
The movie is about Bam and his friends going to the Arctic Circle in Finland on a quest to find Santa Claus.
In 2005, Margera started a music label, Filthy Note Records, and has directed music videos for Clutch, Turbonegro, Viking Skull, Vains of Jenna and several for CKY.
He also plays the keyboard in a novelty band called Gnarkill along with Brandon DiCamillo, Jess Margera, Rich Vose and Matt Cole.
A deluxe edition of the album featuring 5 live performances at Zombie Hut and a bonus track was released on August 28, 2015, through Casual Madness.
The Evesdroppers, a new band featuring Bam, Jess, Nikki, Mike Nappi, and Chad I Ginsburg, released a self-titled album on September 28, 2016 through Casual Madness.
In January 2015, Margera announced that he had been working on an autobiographical documentary film which he hoped to premiere in the near future.
The film will deal primarily with Margera's life after the death of his close friend and co-star, Ryan Dunn, who died in a car crash in 2011.
According to Margera the film has been three years in the making, and will give viewers a glimpse into his childhood, career and rise to fame, while focusing mainly on his recovery from the death of Dunn.
Margera stated that he had approximately eleven terabytes worth of video footage and that editing it down into a two-hour film was impossible.
Serious restrictions from West Chester Borough Council caused a multitude of issues for Margera and the bar, and The Note closed its doors in January 2014.
In July 2009, Margera was taken to hospital by paramedics and state troopers after Missy called 911 following a four-day alcohol binge.
In October 2010, Margera told Howard Stern that he and Missy were living in separate cities, they meet once a week, and that Missy knew that he had girlfriends.
Margera owns two houses in the West Chester, Pennsylvania area, his present residence and his former home, known as Castle Bam, which he bought in 2004.
In July 2013, Margera was arrested at Keflavik Airport in Iceland, having left the country without paying damages following a rental car dispute the year before.
Margera was released later the same day after paying the outstanding fees, and admitted in an interview that he had trashed the car in a drunken stupor.
In December 2009 he entered rehab for the first time after an intervention from his friends and family but did not complete the program and left after only four days.
In an interview with People Magazine the following year, Margera opened up about his mental health issues, including anxiety and eating disorders, and revealed how his unhealthy lifestyle had forced him to relearn skating after five years, and also left him overweight.
In late 2016, he relocated to Spain with his family to focus on his skating career, but moved back to Pennsylvania in 2017, before his son was born.
In March 2019, TMZ released a video showing Margera screaming at and threatening his manager at West Side Comedy Club in New York City.
Additionally, Margera made Instagram posts in which he insulted his own wife and damaged his own home, leading to friends and family members coming together to have Margera committed to a mental health treatment facility.
On August 3, 2019, he was removed from a commercial airline flight following an altercation with an airport police officer who told him he was too drunk to fly.
He directed a lengthy tirade towards his mother April Margera, wife Nikki Margera, and childhood friend Brandon Novak, candidly stating his relationship with his family is broken.
Prior to the introduction of brain death into law in the mid to late 1970s, all organ transplants from cadaveric donors came from non-heart beating donors (NHBDs).
Donors after brain-dead (DBD) (beating heart cadavers), however, led to better results as the organs were perfused with oxygenated blood until the point of perfusion and cooling at organ retrieval, and so NHBDs were generally no longer used except in Japan, where brain death was not legally, until very recently, or culturally recognized.
However, a growing discrepancy between demand for organs and their availability from DBDs has led to a re-examination of using non-heart beating donors, donors after circulatory death (DCDs), and many centres are now using such donors to expand their potential pool of organs.
Tissue donation (corneas, heart valves, skin, bone) has always been possible for non-heart beating donors, and many centres now have established programmes for kidney transplants from such donors.
Category II donors are patients who have had a witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital, have cardiopulmonary resuscitation by CPR-trained providers commenced within 10 minutes but who cannot be successfully resuscitated.
Category III donors are patients on intensive care units with non-survivable injuries who have treatment withdrawn; where such patients wished in life to be organ donors, the transplant team can attend at the time of treatment withdrawal and retrieve organs after cardiac arrest has occurred.
Kidneys can be used from category II donors, and all organs except the heart can potentially be used from category III, IV and V donors.
An unsuccessful kidney recipient can remain on dialysis, unlike recipients of some other organs, meaning that a failure will not result in death.
Relatively few centres worldwide retrieve such kidneys, and leaders in this field include the transplant units in Maastricht (the Netherlands), Newcastle upon Tyne and Leicester (United Kingdom), Madrid and Barcelona (Spain), Pavia (Italy) and Washington, DC (United States).
Livers and lungs for transplant can only be taken from controlled donors, and are still somewhat experimental as they have only been performed successfully in relatively few centres.
In the United Kingdom, NHBD liver transplants are currently performed in Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, King's College Hospital London, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Newcastle upon Tyne and the Scottish Liver Transplant Unit in Edinburgh.
The International Meeting on Transplantation from Non-Heart Beating Donors is organised in the UK every 2 years and brings together specialists in transplantation including transplant physicians, surgeons, fellows, nurses, coordinators, intensive care physicians, perfusion technicians, ethicists, and researchers interested in the aspects of retrieval, preservation and transplantation of DCD thoracic and abdominal organs and cells.
DCD organs, progress made on machine perfusion of kidneys, livers, lungs and hearts and ethics and legal issues regarding donation after cardiac death.
Once the stand-off period has elapsed, a cut down is performed over the femoral artery, and a double-balloon triple-lumen (DBTL) catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and passed into the aorta.
The balloons are inflated to occlude the aorta above and below the renal arteries (any donor blood specimens required can be taken before the top balloon is inflated).
A pre-flush with streptokinase or another thrombolytic is given through the catheter, followed by 20 litres of cold kidney perfusion fluid; the opening of the lumen is between the balloons so that most of the flush and perfusion fluid goes into the kidneys.
Once full formal consent for organ donation has been obtained from relatives, and other necessary formalities such as identification of the deceased by the police and informing the Coroner (in the UK), the donor is taken to the operating room, and the kidneys and heart valves retrieved.
If the liver or lungs are felt to be suitable for transplantation, then the donor is usually taken directly to the operating room after cardiac arrest, and a rapid retrieval operation is performed once a 10-minute stand-off period has elapsed.
It seems this stand-off period has been reduced to as short as 75 seconds based on a recent article by the CBC.
This is similar to a normal multi-organ retrieval, but prioritises rapid cannulation, perfusion and cooling with ice, with dissection following later.
Use of a DBTL catheter allows relatives of the deceased to see them after death, but the donor must be taken to the operating room as soon as possible.
Category IV donors (who are already brain-stem dead), should either proceed as for a normal multi-organ retrieval – if this has already started – or should be managed as a category II or III as appropriate to the circumstances of cardiac arrest.
Certain ethical issues are raised by NHBD transplantation such as administering drugs which do not benefit the donor, observance of the Dead-donor Rule, the decision-making surrounding resuscitation, the withdrawal of life-support, the respect for a dying patient and the dead body, as well as proper information for the family.
In category II uncontrolled donors, the donor may die and the transplant team arrive before the donor's next-of-kin can be contacted.
On one hand, it can be considered a violation of the potential donor's autonomy to cannulate before their in-life wishes are known.
On the other hand, delay in cannulation may mean that a patient's strongly held wish to be donor cannot be respected.
Many ethicists also feel that a doctor's duty of care to the still living outweighs any duty of care to the dead.
The compromise reached is usually to cannulate if there is any evidence of a wish to donate (such as a donor card or registration as a donor) even in the absence of next-of-kin.
Important factors for assessment include A) that the decisions regarding non-survivable injuries are correct, B) continued treatment is futile and C) that withdrawal is in the patient's best interests be made completely independently of any consideration of suitability as an organ donor.
Although such treatment can be continued until the transplant team arrives, no additional treatment should be started to improve the organs—until the point of death, the patient should be treated exactly as any other dying patient.
This forces treating physicians to view their patients partly as potential organ donors, and even absent an OPO, it is unrealistic to think treating physicians are not aware of benefits to others of transplantation, and sometimes weigh this against the benefit of continued treatment to the patient.
Bias has been demonstrated on the part of medical professionals against patients who are perceived as handicapped or are otherwise stigmatized.
Studies have shown that, when evaluating the quality of life of severely handicapped patients, physicians consistently apply much poorer rating than do the patients themselves.
Also common to all DCD programs is that death is determined by cardiocirculatory criteria according to which life-support is withdrawn, an interval of the monitored absence of pulse, blood pressure, and respiration observed, and then death declared.
The Pittsburgh Protocol requires 2 minutes, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Canadian Council for Donation and Transplantation (CCDT) 5 minutes, the 1981 President's Commission 10 minutes, and recently Boucek et al.
The exact interval at which that occurs is likewise not known, but it is known to be more than 10 minutes.
In light of this we can now raise the question of whether patients declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria are really dead.
On the stronger interpretation, persons declared dead by DCD cardiocirculatory criteria cannot be known to be dead, as it is not always physically impossible to restore circulation by vigorous CPR.
Ordinarily we do not think that persons are dead when we have reasons not to revive them, but only when they cannot physically be revived.
Whether it does or not depends on whether we think this requires that people be dead in the ordinary sense of the word or in a legal or some other understanding of it, and writers are lined up on both sides of this issue.
Controlled DCD may involve interventions such as vessel cannulation before life-sustaining therapy is withdrawn and death is declared, and may also involve post-mortem interventions such as in situ preservation.
Uncontrolled DCD may additionally involve chest compressions and mechanical ventilation both before and after consent for DCD is obtained and typically requires the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.
Thus, because patients who are candidates for DCD are not known to be brain dead either before or shortly after they are declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria, the possibility that they may experience distress must be considered.
There are 3 approaches that have been taken to this possibility of pain and suffering: (1) provide palliative medications where there are physical signs compatible with distress; (2) withhold all such medications on the ground that even if signs of distress are occurring, the patient does not have sufficient cognition to interpret any sensations as noxious; or (3) provide palliative medications prophylactically to prevent any possible distress.
Re: (2), since patients declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria cannot be known to be brain dead, dismissing signs compatible with distress as not being distress again does not prevent the possibility of distress.
Re: (3) physicians may inappropriately withhold sufficient sedative or analgesic medication to avoid the appearance of euthanasia or in order to improve organ viability.
The process of obtaining donation consent and subsequent donor management protocols for DCD deviate from some of the quality indicators recommended for optimal EOL care.
Organ-focused behaviour by professionals requesting consent for organ donation and ambivalent decision making by family members increase the risk of relatives of deceased donors subsequently developing traumatic memories and stress disorders.
The processes required for the successful accomplishment of donation consent and subsequent organ recovery can interfere with many of the interventions that lessen the burden of bereavement of relatives of ICU decedents.
Patients or families are told that they will have a chance to say their goodbyes, the patient will then be taken to the operating room, life support will be removed, and after 2–10 minutes of continuously observed absence of pulse, blood pressure, and respiration, death will be declared and the removal of organs begin.
The commonsense understanding of death is that it is a permanent state, and that if a person has truly died then life cannot be restored to the individual.
Death understood as an irreversible state in the weak sense—as one that will not be, or ought not to be, or cannot legally or morally be reversed—is on this view a revisionist account of how death can be best conceived rather than an accurate descriptive account of how it actually is commonly understood.
Given this, when donors consent to donation at death they can only be presumed to be consenting to organ donation when their loved one is in a physically irreversible state.
Since, however, death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria is not necessarily a physically irreversible state, consent to organ donation at death is not consent to organ donation at death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria.
Menikoff criticizes the IOM for not routinely disclosing to prospective donors and families that and how death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria differs from death in the ordinary sense.
In particular, he faults the IOM for not telling them that donors will be declared dead before brain death is known to have occurred, and hence they may have their organs removed when portions of the brain (including the higher brain) are still functional.
In Brock's view, public policy cannot centre in on the unqualified and unconstrained search for the truth without concern for the consequences of that search.
And Brock contends that in a democratic state there is a presumption that the citizens will be informed about all relevant information of public policy, and thinks that DCD involves such a radical change in the timing of death from what people ordinarily think, that it is something that they should be informed about.
For example, providing ECMO (Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation) to donors immediately after death is declared by cardiocirculatory criteria can keep organs in their freshest possible condition.
Leaders of the critical care, neurology, and transplantation communities need to jointly draft practice guidelines for organ donation after circulatory death that establish acceptable boundaries of practice.
Others, however, argue that rather than having to either provide answers to these problems that square with the rules in question or forgo advantageous procedures, it would be best to reject those rules.
the central question to trigger organ retrieval, the proposal is to shift the focus to obtaining valid consent from patients or surrogates and the principle of nonmaleficence.
Individuals who could not be harmed by the procedure would include those who are permanently and irreversibly unconscious (patients in a persistent vegetative state or newborns with anencephaly) and those who are imminently and irreversibly dying.
Qualified individuals who had given their consent could simply have their organs removed under general anesthesia without first undergoing an orchestrated withdrawal of life support.
On the conceptual side, securing organs at optimum times does not require us to constantly redefine death and when it occurs so that persons who are alive may have their organs taken.
It would also allow us to say that when a physician removes life-support and the patient dies that the physician caused patient's death.
Many think this is more natural than saying that all the physician did was to return the patient to an untreated disease state and that state caused the death.
Finally, we thereby avoid the proliferation of definitions of death with differing times in different jurisdictions, different definitions of death for different purposes (the cardiocirculatory definition of death discussed in this article is only valid for DCD), and arbitrary rulings such as declaring anencephalic infants with heartbeat dead.
Because there will now be no necessary interval between pulselessness and the declaration of death, there can be a reduction in warm ischemia time, and so an improvement in the quality and quantity of transplantable organs.
It will also be possible to give the donor drugs such as heparin and phentolamine, which can hasten death but also maximize organ preservation.
Finally, it will eliminate the possibility that patients will experience discomfort as they are withdrawn from ventilator support by allowing potentially fatal doses of morphine that are not titrated to signs of distress.
The main obstacle to accepting the proposal is securing the acceptance of the public to allow physicians to cause the death of (which is to say kill) patients to obtain transplantable organs.
Proponents of the proposal contend that robust consent requirements can provide the public with the assurance against exploitation that the dead donor rule and the prohibition on killing are designed to provide.
In an English-speaking country, Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularization and is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public-service announcements and newspapers of record, etc.
In Scotland, the variety is Scottish Standard English; in the United States the General American variety is thought of as the spoken standard; and in Australia, the standard English is General Australian.
Sociologically, as the standard language of the nation, Standard English is generally associated with education and sociolinguistic prestige, but is not inherently superior to other English dialects used by an Anglophone society.
Although a standard English is generally used in public and official communications and settings, there is a range of registers (stylistic levels), such as those for journalism (print, television, internet) and for academic publishing (monographs, academic papers, internet).
The distinction among registers also exists between the spoken and the written forms of SE, which are characterised by degrees of formality; therefore, Standard English is distinct from formal English, because it features stylistic variations, ranging from casual to formal.
Furthermore, the usage codes of nonstandard dialects (vernacular language) are less stabilized than the codifications of Standard English, and thus more readily accept and integrate new vocabulary and grammatical forms.
Functionally, the national varieties of SE are characterized by generally accepted rules, often grammars established by linguistic prescription in the 18th century.
Typically, English English is taught as standard across Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia and North American English is taught as standard across Latin America and East Asia.
Although the standard Englishes of the anglophone countries are similar, there are minor grammatical differences and divergences of vocabulary among the varieties.
With rare exceptions, Standard Englishes use either American or British spelling systems, or a mixture of the two (such as in Australian English, Canadian English, and Indian English spelling).
Abu Ali Mustafa (; ; 1938 – 27 August 2001), the kunya of Mustafa Alhaj also known as Mustafa Ali Zibri, was the Secretary General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) from July 2000 until he was assassinated by Israeli forces in a targeted killing on 27 August 2001.
Mustafa was succeeded as Secretary General by Ahmad Saadat, and the PFLP subsequently renamed their armed wing in the Palestinian territories the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades.
In 1955 he joined the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), and two years later was arrested by the Jordanian authorities for his political activities.
Following the Israel Defense Forces' capture of the West Bank in the Six-Day War, he left the West Bank and spent 32 years mainly in Damascus and Jordan.
Mustafa joined George Habash and other left-wing members of the ANM in establishing the Marxist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine in 1967, and became a leading member of the new organisation.
He was also a prominent member of the Palestine Liberation Organisation, rising to become a member of its ruling Executive Committee.
In September 1999 he returned to the West Bank under a deal struck between Yasser Arafat and Israel's Prime Minister, Ehud Barak.
Israel held Mustafa personally responsible for 10 different car-bomb attacks undertaken by the PFLP during his time as general secretary (in Jerusalem, Or-Yehuda, Yehud, and Haifa) and other shootings.
Mustafa was killed by two rockets fired from two Israeli Apache helicopters through his two office windows, as he sat at his desk in his office in Ramallah, in a targeted killing on 27 August 2001.
In an interview with Al Jazeera shortly before his death, Mustafa repeated his belief that the Palestinian people have the right to struggle using all means, including the armed struggle.
We do our best to avoid their guns, but we are living under the brutal Zionist occupation of our lands, and its army is only a few metres away from us.
Israeli tourist minister Rehavam Ze'evi was subsequently assassinated on 17 October 2001 by PFLP member Hamdi Quran in revenge for Mustafa's killing.
Witch's broom or witches' broom is a deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed.
A dense mass of shoots grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a broom or a bird's nest.
In normal plant function, an auxin would keep the secondary, tertiary, and so on tips from overgrowing, but cytokinin can sometimes interfere with this control, causing these apices to grow into witch's brooms.
Witch's broom may be caused by many different types of organisms, including fungi, oomycetes, insects, mistletoe, dwarf mistletoes, mites, nematodes, phytoplasmas, or viruses.
Human activity is sometimes behind the introduction of these organisms, for example, by failing to observe hygienic practice and thereby infecting the tree with the causative organism, or by pruning a tree improperly, and thereby weakening it.
If twigs of witches' brooms are grafted onto normal rootstocks, freak trees result, showing that the attacking organism has changed the inherited growth pattern of the twigs.
Some of the invading organisms, such as some species of moths, are specific to particular types of witches' brooms, relying on them for food and shelter for their larvae.
Shriekback are an English rock band formed in 1981 in Kentish Town by Barry Andrews, formerly of XTC and League of Gentlemen (keyboards/synthesizers/vocals), and Dave Allen, formerly of the Gang of Four (bass), with Carl Marsh, formerly of Out On Blue Six (guitars/vocals) soon added to the line-up.
Other members included Luc van Acker, Linda Nevill, Emma Burnham, Brian Nevill, Pedro Ortiz, Clare Hirst, Lu Edmonds, Wendy and Sarah Partridge (from Electric Guitars), Steve Halliwell, Eve Moon, Ivan Julian, Mike Cozzi, and Jessica Palin/Jose Fina Cupido.
Shriekback was originally formed in 1981 by Barry Andrews, and Dave Allen, expanding to a trio with the addition of Carl Marsh.
It is bounded by the River Thames to the north, east and south, and the River Crane to the north-west; the northern limit, less well defined, has changed with local government boundary revisions.
St Margarets takes its name from the former St Margaret's House completed in 1827, although an earlier house of the same name stood on the site.
It is sited on the banks of the Thames at Warren Gardens, next to the site of the Pelabon Munitions Works.
In recent years the house has been redeveloped by Octagon Developments, with the former chapel and coachhouse converted to private homes.
The Kilmorey Mausoleum has been moved several times, and is now located on the northern edge of St Margarets, near the boundary with Isleworth.
It was built in the 1850s by the 2nd Earl of Kilmorey and contains the bodies of the Earl and his mistress, Priscilla Anne Hoste.
The Roman Catholic Church of St Margaret of Scotland on St Margarets Road was built to a modern design of the architect Austin Winckley and opened in 1969.
There are three main schools in the town: Orleans Park School (secondary), St. Stephen’s Primary School (primary) and Orleans Primary School (primary).
Small businesses elsewhere have suffered in the harsh economic climate, but here, local residents' support may have contributed to an increase in the number of boutique shops opened for business.
Neighbouring districts include East Twickenham to the east, Richmond further to the east (across Richmond Bridge or Richmond Lock), Twickenham to the southwest and Isleworth to the northwest, across the River Crane.
Much of south St Margarets is in a controlled parking zone (CPZ), which restricts parking to residents and holders of vouchers.
Other nearby bus routes are H22, 33, R68, R70 and 490 coming from central Twickenham along Richmond Road; all of these, except 33, go past Richmond station.
Next he attended the school of commerce in Leipzig, where he studied chemistry under Otto Linné Erdmann, who further developed his interest into a passion for questions of speculative chemistry.
Returning home in 1834, he entered his father's white lead factory, but soon found that business was not to his liking, and after a sharp disagreement with his father in his 20th year he enlisted in a cavalry regiment.
In a few months military life became equally distasteful, and he purchased his discharge with the assistance of the German chemist Justus von Liebig.
After a short period of living in Dresden, he went to the University of Giessen in central Germany in 1836 to study and work in Liebig's laboratory.
In Paris, he attended Jean Baptiste Dumas’ lectures and worked with Auguste Cahours (1813–1891) on essential oils, especially cumin, in Michel Eugène Chevreul’s laboratory at the Jardin des Plantes, meanwhile earning a precarious living by teaching and making translations of some of Liebig’s writings.
In 1841, through the influence of Dumas, he was charged with the duties of chemistry professor at the Montpellier faculty of sciences, becoming titular professor in 1844.
In 1842 he annoyed his friends in Paris by the matter and manner of a paper on the classification of organic compounds.
In 1845 he and his opinions were the subject of an attack by Liebig, unjustifiable in its personalities but not altogether surprising in view of his wayward disregard of his patron’s advice.
The two were reconciled in 1850, but his faculty for disagreeing with his friends did not make it easier for him to get another appointment after resigning the chair at Montpellier in 1851, especially as he was unwilling to go into the provinces.
He obtained leave of absence from Montpellier in 1848 so that he could pursue without interruption his special investigations, and from that year until 1855 he resided in Paris.
Gerhardt is usually linked with his contemporary, Auguste Laurent, with whom he shared a strong and influential interest in chemical combination.
He died on August 19, 1856, two days short of his birthday, after being poisoned by his own chemicals during laboratory work.
Jajce is a city and municipality located in Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It is situated in the region of Bosanska Krajina, on the crossroads between Banja Luka, Mrkonjić Grad and Donji Vakuf, on the confluence of the rivers Pliva and Vrbas.
The god was worshiped and cult spread to other parts of Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean basin by slaves and merchants from the Orient, and by Roman soldiers who came into contact with the followers of the cult in the East.
However, for entrance and closer look visitors need to give notice of their visitation in advance by contacting the Ethnological museum of Jajce.
Jajce was first built in the 14th century and served as the capital of the independent Kingdom of Bosnia during its time.
The first references to the name of Jajce in written sources is from the year 1396, but the fortress had already existed by then.
The town has gates as fortifications, as well as a castle with walls which lead to the various gates around the town.
With the Bosnian King's death opportunity opened for Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus to try and capture Bosnia before Ottomans, which consequentially lead to Siege of Jajce and suppression of Ottoman forces advancement.
Skenderbeg Mihajlović besieged Jajce again in 1501, which, although siege was unsuccessful, marked approaching demise of the town and Hungarian rule in Bosnia.
Mihajlović was repelled by Ivaniš Korvin, who was assisted by Zrinski, Frankopan, Karlović and Cubor.Petar Keglević in 1520 becomes Ban of Jajce.
There are several churches and mosques built in different times during different rules, making Jajce a rather diverse town in this aspect.
During the Second World War, Jajce gained importance as centre of a large swath of free territory, and on 29 November 1943 it hosted the second convention of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ).
There, representatives from throughout Yugoslavia decided to establish a federal Yugoslavia in equality of its nations, and established that Bosnia and Herzegovina would be one of its constitutive Republics.
At the beginning of the Bosnian War, Jajce was inhabited by people from all ethnic groups, and was situated at a junction between areas of Serb majority to the north, Bosnian Muslim majority areas to the south-east and Croatian majority areas to the south-west.
At the end of April and the beginning of May 1992, almost all ethnic Serbs left and fled or were expelled to territory under Republika Srpska control.
In the summer of 1992, the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) started heavy bombardment of the city; the town, that was defended by Croat (HVO) and Bosniak (ARBiH) forces with two separate command lines, fell to Serb forces on 29 October.
Retreating forces were joined by a column of 30,000 to 40,000 civilian refugees, stretching towards Travnik, under VRS sniping and shelling.
Bosniak refugees re-settled in Central Bosnia, while Croats moved either to Croatia or closer to the Croatian border due to rising tensions.
In the following weeks, all mosques and Catholic churches in Jajce were demolished as retribution for the HVO's destruction of the town's only Serbian Orthodox monastery on 10–11 October.
The VRS converted the town's Franciscan monastery into a prison and its archives, museum collections and artworks were looted; the monastery church was completely destroyed.
By 1992, all religious buildings in Jajce had been destroyed, save for two mosques whose perilous positioning on a hilltop had made them unsuitable for demolition.
Jajce was recaptured together with Bosanski Petrovac in mid-September 1995 during Operation Mistral 2 by the Croatian Defence Council (HVO), after VRS forces had evacuated the Serb population.
Returning Bosniaks were at start blocked by a mob of Croats in early August 1996, which according to US diplomat Robert Gelbard was personally directed by convicted Bosnian Croat war criminal Dario Kordić.
The main project of the company was to renovate the old traditional houses which symbolised the panoramic view of the city and the waterfall.
Tourists from across former Yugoslavia still make up most of tourism in Jajce, but middle-eastern tourists have also increased since the early 2000s; organised school trips also are a significant portion of touristic influx.
It was damaged during the Bosnian war, by high waters and severe flooding, as the area of Jajce-1 Hydroelectric Power Station intake was at the battlefront and out of service, sudden rise in water-level and discharge created tidal wave which damaged travertine body of the waterfall.
Jajce is situated in the mountains, there is a beautiful countryside near the city, rivers such as the Vrbas and Pliva, lakes like Pliva lake, which is also a popular destination for the local people and some tourists.
Not far from Jajce there are mountains that are over two thousand meters high like Vlasic near the city of Travnik.
Travelling through the mountain roads to the city may not sit well with some visitors, because the roads are in poor condition, but the scenery is picturesque.
In 1931 today's municipality of Jajce was part of the much bigger Jajce County (together with today's municipalities of Jezero, Dobretići and Šipovo).
Whitecross is an American Christian metal band from Illinois, formed in 1985 by singer Scott Wenzel and guitarist Rex Carroll, and re-formed in 2000.
During this time, Whitecross went on hiatus before re-emerging at Cornerstone Festival in 2000 when Carroll and Wenzel re-formed the band with Carroll, Wenzel, Michael Feighan and newcomer Benny Ramos providing bass, keyboards and vocals.
Beginning in July 2008, they played the first of several short tours in Guatemala featuring shows in Guatemala City, Panajachel, Huehuetenango and other cities.
Viscount Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt in the County of Oxford, was a title created twice for members of the Harcourt family, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
It was first created in the Peerage of Great Britain for Lord Chancellor Simon Harcourt, who was created Baron Harcourt in 1711, Viscount Harcourt in 1721, and Earl Harcourt and Viscount Nuneham in 1749.
The viscountcy was revived in 1917 in favour of Lewis Vernon Harcourt, also created Baron Nuneham, of Nuneham Courtenay in the County of Oxford, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
Harcourt was the son of Sir William Vernon Harcourt, son of William Vernon Harcourt, son of the Honourable and Right Reverend Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, son of George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, by his third wife, Martha Harcourt, daughter of Simon Harcourt, son of Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt.
After the death of the first viscount in 1922, the second viscount succeeded his father while still a student at Eton College.
He represented both colonial and Zulu interests, and rose to some influence and power when King Cetshwayo became the Zulu sovereign.
In the run-up to the Zulu War, he was served with an ultimatum by the British at the same time as Cetshwayo.
Besides his first wife Catherine, he took many Zulu women as wives and left a large Christian progeny when he died at age 60 or 61.
When he was 14, his father was trampled to death by an elephant and his mother Anne died three years later.
His love of hunting and his skill with a rifle took him across the Tugela River into Zululand on a regular basis, where he became fluent in the language and was befriended by local chiefs.
In 1853, after a failure of payment for a transport to the Transvaal, due to being not of age and the lack of a contract, he wandered disillusioned around Zululand.
Here he eventually met the Natal agent Captain Joshua Walmsley and returned to Natal with him, acting as his interpreter until 1856.
With a small force of Native Police, Dunn supported the Zulu king Mpande's son Mbuyasi in the bloody battle of succession fought between him and the king's oldest son Cetshwayo.
On 2 December 1856, at the Battle of Ndondakusuka, Mbuyazi's forces lost and he was killed, forcing Dunn and other white settlers to flee back to Natal.
His involvement in the battle led to resentment towards Dunn by the white settlers of Natal, so on his own account he re-crossed the Tugela to ask the winner, Cetshwayo, to return the cattle that had belonged to the traders.
The cattle were returned and he resigned his position in Natal and settled in Zululand in June/July 1857 and was allocated land on the coast of southern Zululand at oNgoya.
With use of his land, Zulu marriages and the loaning of cattle, Dunn built a network of clients and contacts along the Zululand coast that allowed him to exploit the region's wealth.
During the 1860s, he was involved in the trade of firearms into Zululand with the exchange of cattle for rifles via Lourenço Marques along the Zululand coast, as well as the flow of Tsonga workers to Natal for the agricultural industry, from the former.
Organising his Zulu subjects as hunters, guides and porters, they successfully hunted for ivory, hides and skins but by 1880 game had become scarce in Zululand.
Though Mpande and Cetshwayo had successfully resisted attempts by the Boers and the British to encroach on their territory, the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 forced John Dunn to pick sides, and he sided with the British.
On 11 January 1879, British troops crossed the Tugela, near Fort Pearson, to present Cetshwayo with an ultimatum that amongst other things included the disbandment of the Zulu Army and the age-group system within twenty days, which he could not and would not accept.
Fearing for his life he did not deliver the ultimatum to Cetshwayo and retired to Emangete, wanting to remain neutral in the conflict between the British and the Zulu.
He was persuaded to take part on the British side by Lord Chelmsford and was in charge of the Intelligence Department.
He and his scouts provided excellent service to the British forces and took part in the Battle of Gingindlovu and in the relief of Eshowe.
After the Zulu's early success at the Battle of Isandlwana where they soundly defeated the British, they were themselves defeated at the Battle of Ulundi, which resulted in the eventual capture of Cetshwayo.
In the Ulundi Settlement of 1879, Dunn was given the largest piece of land of all thirteen rulers in the subdivision of Zululand, which was also closest to Durban, placing him in charge of a buffer zone between the British and the less-trusted rulers.
Then the thirteen chiefs were disposed, Dunn lost his power and income and was included in a large native reserve under the control of the British Commander Sir Garnet Wolseley.
Though he was already married to Catherine Pierce - daughter of a white settler father and mother of Cape Malay ancestry - he accepted a total of 48 Zulu wives during his lifetime, much to Catherine's disapproval.
All were married in the native custom, though some were baptised, converting as Roman Catholics or Anglicans, with all his children brought up as Christians and given some schooling.
His western style house stood at its centre, with separate beehive huts for his wives, soldiers, servants and Zulu visitors, cattle kraals, stables and food storage pits, all surrounded by a hedge of thorns.
His wives and children were not allowed to interact socially with his white guests and his coloured children were discouraged from any serious interaction with their black siblings.
John Dunn died on 5 August 1895 of dropsy and heart disease and was buried at Emoyeni in the Colony of Natal, having married 48 wives and fathered 117 children.
It was however only by 1974, during the Apartheid years and 84 years since the death of John Dunn, that the Dunn family was able to obtain title deeds for Dunnsland, i.e.
This process, complicated by racial legislation, was driven by Daniel Dunn, great-grandson of John and the then chairman of the Dunn's Descendants Association.
The situation escalated from 1996 onwards when chief Nkosi Mathaba began settling his Macambini clan members on the Dunn farms, and some 2,000 squatters built their shacks on the cane plantations.
In 2004, after an eight-year court battle, the land was restored to the Dunn family, of whom almost 1,000 were still resident on the farms.
He was the son of George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon and Almina Wombwell, whose biological father was banker Alfred de Rothschild.
Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he inherited the Earldom of Carnarvon on the 1923 death of his father – who was famously funding archaeologist Howard Carter when he discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun.
Henry Herbert, the 6th Earl, following his divorce from Catherine, married Tilly Losch (former wife of Edward James) on 1 September 1939: they divorced in 1947.
Henry George Reginald Molyneux Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon, (19 January 1924 – 11 September 2001), was a British peer and racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969.
Like his father, Carnarvon (then known by his courtesy title Lord Porchester) fell in love with an Anglo-American, Jean Margaret Wallop (1935–2019), of Big Horn, Wyoming.
He served as a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards, and later become Honorary Colonel of the 116th (Hampshire Fortress) Engineer Regiment (Territorial Army).
Lord Carnarvon was best known as a lifetime personal friend of Queen Elizabeth II's and as the manager of her racing stables.
After his own death he was succeeded as the Queen’s racing manager by John Warren, a former stable boy who had worked with Lord Carnarvon at his stud farm and had married his daughter Carolyn.
Carnarvon was an independent member of the Hampshire County Council (though he later took the Tory whip) and became its Chairman.
In electronics, the dynatron oscillator, invented in 1918 by Albert Hull at General Electric, is an obsolete vacuum tube electronic oscillator circuit which uses a negative resistance characteristic in early tetrode vacuum tubes, caused by a process called secondary emission.
The dynatron oscillator circuit was used to a limited extent as beat frequency oscillators (BFOs), and local oscillators in vacuum tube radio receivers as well as in scientific and test equipment from the 1920s to the 1940s but became obsolete around World War 2 due to the variability of secondary emission in tubes.
Negative transconductance oscillators, such as the transitron oscillator invented by Cleto Brunetti in 1939, are similar negative resistance vacuum tube oscillator circuits which are based on negative transconductance (a fall in current through one grid electrode caused by an increase in voltage on a second grid) in a pentode or other multigrid vacuum tube.
The dynatron and transitron oscillators differ from many oscillator circuits in that they do not use feedback to generate oscillations, but negative resistance.
If a tuned circuit could have zero electrical resistance, once oscillations were started it would function as an oscillator, producing a continuous sine wave.
But because of the inevitable resistance inherent in actual circuits, without an external source of power the energy in the oscillating current is dissipated as heat in the resistance, and any oscillations decay to zero.
In the dynatron and transitron circuits, a vacuum tube is biased so that one of its electrodes has negative differential resistance.
This means that when the voltage on the electrode with respect to the cathode is increased, the current through it decreases.
The negative resistance of the tube cancels the positive resistance of the tuned circuit, creating in effect a tuned circuit with zero AC resistance.
A spontaneous continuous sinusoidal oscillating voltage at the resonant frequency of the tuned circuit is generated, started by electrical noise in the circuit when it is turned on.
An advantage of these oscillators was that the negative resistance effect was largely independent of frequency, so by using suitable values of inductance and capacitance in the tuned circuit they could operate over a wide frequency range, from a few hertz to around 20 MHz.
Early triodes also had secondary emission and thus negative resistance, and before the tetrode was invented they were used in dynatron oscillators by biasing the control grid more positive than the plate.
An advantage of the dynatron circuit was that it could oscillate over a very wide frequency range; from a few hertz to 20 MHz.
It also had very good frequency stability compared to other LC oscillators of that time, and was even compared to crystal oscillators.
It was used in beat frequency oscillators (BFOs) for code reception and local oscillators in superheterodyne receivers as well as in laboratory signal generators and scientific research.
RCA's 1931 prototype television used two UY224 tubes as dynatron oscillators to generate the vertical deflection (28 Hz) and horizontal deflection (2880 Hz) signals for the CRT's deflection coils.
It was found that the amount of secondary emission current from the plate varied unpredictably from tube to tube, and also within a single tube over its operating life; eventually it would stop oscillating.
In addition, since dynatron oscillations were a source of instability in amplifiers, the tetrode's main application, tube manufacturers began applying a graphite coating to the plate which virtually eliminated secondary emission.
However, if the screen grid is operated at a higher potential than the plate, the secondary electrons will be attracted to it, and return to ground through the screen grid supply.
As with other negative differential resistance devices like the tunnel diode, this negative resistance can be used to create an oscillator.
The circuit will oscillate if the magnitude of the negative plate resistance is less than the parallel resistance R of the tuned circuit, including any load connected to the oscillator.
As can be seen from the graphs, for dynatron operation the screen grid had to be biased at a considerably higher voltage than the plate; at least twice the plate voltage.
The negative resistance of older tetrode tubes was around 10kΩ - 20kΩ, and can be controlled by varying the control grid bias.
The transitron oscillator, invented by Cledo Brunetti in 1939, (although a similar effect was observed in tetrodes by Balthasar van der Pol in 1926, and Edward Herold described a similar oscillator in 1935) is a negative resistance oscillator circuit using a pentode vacuum tube, in which, instead of the plate, the screen grid has negative resistance due to being coupled to the suppressor grid.
The reflected electrons will instead be attracted to the screen grid, so the screen current will be high while the plate current will be zero.
However, if the suppressor grid voltage is increased, as it approaches zero (the cathode voltage) electrons will begin to pass through it and reach the plate, so the number diverted to the screen grid, and thus the screen current, will decrease.
This means the screen grid has negative differential resistance with respect to the cathode, and can be used to create oscillations.
Other tubes with multiple grids beside the pentode, such as the hexode and pentagrid converter tube, have been be used to make similar negative transconductance oscillators.
Pentode tubes used in this circuit have a negative transconductance of only around -250 microsiemens, giving a negative resistance of -4000Ω.
Tubes with more grids, such as the pentagrid converter, can be used to make transitron oscillators with higher transconductance, resulting in smaller negative resistance.
This is not only a huge geographical area, but has a range of habitats extending from deserts to rainforest, and from the world's highest mountains to coastal mangrove swamps.
Childline is a counselling service for children and young people up to their 19th birthday in the United Kingdom provided by the NSPCC..
They deal with any issues which cause distress or concern; some of the most common issues include child abuse, bullying, mental illness, parental separation or divorce, teenage pregnancy, substance misuse, neglect, and psychological abuse.
Counsellors do not record calls but write down case notes of calls and sometimes counselling supervisors may also listen in to calls to make sure that they can help the best they can.
If there is an immediate serious concern to someone's welfare notes may be passed onto relevant bodies, including the Police and the National Health Service.
Rantzen, together with her BBC producers Sarah Caplin and Ritchie Cogan, therefore suggested they should create a helpline specifically for children in danger or distress, to be open throughout the year, 24/7, and launch it on the programme.
ChildLine joined the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) in February 2006, and extra resources were pledged in an attempt to ensure that no child's call goes unanswered.
The bases are located in Glasgow, Aberdeen, Manchester, Liverpool, Prestatyn, Birmingham, Nottingham, London, Belfast and Foyle, supported by the online only centres at Leeds and Cardiff.
As many as 4,500 children phone ChildLine every day, though only 2,500 of these callers can be answered due to lack of resources.
Since the merger with the NSPCC the service has expanded, and depends on public generosity to pay for the children's phone calls.
ChildLine raises funds through several channels, including direct donations through the NSPCC, partnerships, events such as The X Factor ChildLine Ball and through third-party fundraising organisations such as Justgiving.
Following ChildLine's merger with NSPCC in 2006, ChildLine Scotland was run by Children 1st under contract, available to all children and young people in Scotland up to 18 years of age.
As of May 2013 these included ChildLine Botswana, ChildLine India Foundation, ChildLine Ireland (Leanbh), チャイルドライン (Japan), (Lithuania), ChildLine South Africa, National Child Protection Authority of Sri Lanka, Child Helpline Tanzania, ChildLine Trinidad and Tobago, as well as organizations in Namibia, Trinidad and Tobago, Gibraltar, Kenya, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
In 2006 a text and online service, in association with Zamano, was established to increase the availability of the listening service for children in Ireland.
ChildLine's number is one of only a handful of 8 digit 0800 UK numbers to ever have been allocated and the only one still in use.
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is an infusion of horse or rabbit-derived antibodies against human T cells, which is used in the prevention and treatment of acute rejection in organ transplantation and therapy of aplastic anemia.
Two antithymocyte globulin (ATG) agents licensed for clinical use in the United States are Thymoglobulin (rabbit ATG, rATG, Genzyme) and Atgam (equine ATG, eATG, Pfizer).
Thymoglobulin and Atgam are currently licensed for use in the treatment of renal allograft rejection; Atgam is additionally licensed for use in the treatment of aplastic anemia.
A rabbit anti-T lymphocyte globulin made by Neovii Pharmaceuticals is marketed outside of the United States under the name Grafalon .
ATG administration very substantially reduces immune competence in patients with normal immune systems, through a combination of actions, some explicitly understood and some more hypothetical.
rATG in particular effects large reductions (through cell lysis) in the number of circulating T-lymphocytes, hence preventing (or at least delaying) the cellular rejection of transplanted organs.
However, medical opinion remains divided as to when the benefit of this profound reduction in T-cells outweighs the concomitant increased risks of infection and malignancy.
In the United States it is frequently given at the time of the transplant to prevent graft-versus-host disease, although many European centers prefer to reserve its use for the treatment of steroid-resistant acute rejection, as European centres generally serve more homogeneous populations and rejection tends to be less of a problem.
ATG use can induce cytokine release syndrome, and has been thought to increase the risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD); however, this association may not apply when lower dosing regimens are used.
There is some evidence to suggest that inducing immunosuppression with rATG at organ transplantation may create conditions in the patient's immune system favorable to the development of immunological tolerance, but the exact basis for such a development remains largely speculative.
Temporary depletion of the T-cell population at the time of the transplant also risks delayed acute rejection, which may be missed and cause severe damage to the graft.
Anti-IL-2Rα receptor antibodies such as basiliximab and daclizumab are increasingly being used in place of ATG as an induction therapy, as they do not cause cytokine release syndrome and (theoretically) improve the development of tolerance.
The cytokine release syndrome associated with ATG administration frequently causes high grade fevers (over 39C), chills, and possibly rigors during administration, for which reason steroids (normally methylprednisolone), diphenhydramine 25–50 mg, and acetaminophen 650 mg are usually co-administered.
The first report of immunizing an animal of one species (Guinea pig) against the immune cells of another species (mouse lymphocytes) was by Élie Metchnikoff in 1899.
He reported injecting cells recovered from mouse lymph nodes into Guinea pigs and waiting for the immunization to result in the accumulation of anti-mouse antibodies in the Guinea pig blood.
When he subsequently collected serum from these Guinea pigs and injected it into normal mice he observed a marked depletion in the number of circulating mouse lymphocytes.
Rabbit ATG has been used in two randomised trials to reduce acute Graft versus Host (aGVH) disease in recipients receiving progenitor cell transplants.
However a long term follow up showed that at both high and low (7.5 mg/kg) doses chronic GVH (cGVH) was reduced.
A similar trial of anti-lymphocyte globulin showed a trend in reduction of aGVH that was not statistically significant, but a reduction in cGVH.
The Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplant Group is currently conducting the first randomised trial in cGVH using an even lower dose of rabbit ATG (4.5 mg/kg) in an attempt to confirm these observations.
Saint Michael's College grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in over 30 majors to their 1,600 undergraduate students.
Saint Michael's Playhouse was opened in 1947, bringing professional summer theater to Vermont, giving students the chance to work behind the scenes.
To manage the influx of GI Bill students after World War II, Saint Michael's acquired temporary housing in the form of military barracks from Fort Ethan Allen in Colchester.
In the 1950s, freshmen were required to wear a dress shirt, coat and tie to every class and for the evening meal.
The Quad is anchored by Durick Library to the west and the Chapel of Saint Michael the Archangel to the east.
The three academic halls, Cheray Hall, Jeanmarie Hall, and Saint Edmund's Hall, along with the McCarthy Arts Center line the Quad to the south.
Also located on the main campus are the Doc Jacobs Athletic Fields, Ross Sports Center and Tarrant Recreation Center, Founder's Hall, which houses the administrative offices, and the Hoehl Welcome Center, which houses the Admissions office.
North Campus, one mile (1.6 km) from Main Campus, features additional residence halls, some apartments, and the Sloane Art Center, which has studio arts facilities for drawing and painting, the photography darkroom, and some classrooms.
Beginning in 2015, the school began closing many of North Campus's residential areas and sold much of the undeveloped property to University of Vermont's Medical School.
As of Fall 2018 North Campus is partially occupied by small summer programs, but during the fall and spring semesters is used exclusively for parking and art classes.
As of spring 2018, there were approximately 1,600 undergraduate students, about 20% of the students are in-state; of the 80% out-of-state, 2% are international.
Along with the initiatives in the cafeteria, Saint Michael's has an organic garden that started in 2008 and has grown into a huge project for students and faculty alike.
The garden utilizes student volunteers through the Mobilization of Volunteer Efforts (MOVE) program and also works with summer interns and crew members to prepare the vegetables for Farm Stands that run from mid-summer through the beginning of fall.
Saint Michael's College also took the St. Francis Pledge, a promise and commitment by Catholic individuals, families, parishes, organizations, and institutions to live their faith by protecting the environment and advocating on behalf of people in poverty who face the harshest impacts of global climate change.
As part of the college's ban on bottled water, the Office of Sustainability has installed several water bottle fill stations throughout campus, allowing students to more easily use their reusable water bottles.
Saint Michael's College has been recycling throughout the campus since 1989 and also takes steps toward improving energy such as the Light Bulb Exchange Program (switching out standard light bulbs for energy efficient light bulbs) and 3 Degree Challenge (lowering temperatures in residence halls and academic buildings) while working to increase the energy and electrical efficiency of campus buildings.
Two most recently constructed campus buildings, The Dion Family Center and Residence Hall Four use geothermal wells to meet the greater majority of their heating needs.
Combined with many education programs on energy consumption run by the Office of Sustainability, the college has reduced its carbon footprint by 29% since 2003.
Saint Michael's also offers both Environmental Studies and Environmental Science majors and an Environmental Studies minor for those students interested in further focusing on the environment from the perspective of natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities.
The Dion Family Student Center is a $30 million structure creating a new 40,000 square-foot student center and 43,000 square-foot residence hall on campus, completed in the fall of 2013.
The student center brings new meeting spaces as well as high tech capabilities, Einstein Bros. Bagels, an exercise facility, and a meditation room.
Special English as a Second Language programs are offered for international students through the Applied Linguistics Department, including a program that assists international students in the transition to college-level course work.
Students can choose from over 100 different programs located around the globe and can choose a program by location or language, or from a variety of special Saint Michael's programs.
Other activities include Saint Michael's Fire and Rescue student volunteer first responders, Student Association, Adventure Sports Program, Campus Ministry, the campus radio station WVTX, club sports, student musical and play productions, the Saint Michael's Chorale, Vermont Gregorian Chant Schola, open mic nights and various instrumental and vocal ensembles.
As a CORST theater company, Saint Michael's Playhouse employs members of Actors' Equity Association, as well as directors from the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society and designers from United Scenic Artists.
The campus also offers various club sports such as cycling, dance, rugby (men's and women's), ski & snowboarding, ultimate frisbee, and water polo.
MOVE has the highest participation rate of any organization on campus with over 70% of students volunteering with the program by the time they graduate.
It was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki, Yuriko Kurose, and Takashi Suzuki when they were working at Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, now known as Sony.
In 1973, Esaki received the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Brian Josephson, for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes.
Robert Noyce independently devised the idea of a tunnel diode while working for William Shockley, but was discouraged from pursuing it.
Tunnel diodes were first manufactured by Sony in 1957, followed by General Electric and other companies from about 1960, and are still made in low volume today.
The heavy doping results in a broken band gap, where conduction band electron states on the N-side are more or less aligned with valence band hole states on the P-side.
Due to their low output power, tunnel diodes are not widely used: Their RF output is limited to a few hundred milliwatts due to their small voltage swing.
Under normal forward bias operation, as voltage begins to increase, electrons at first tunnel through the very narrow P-N junction barrier and fill electron states in the conduction band on the N-side which become aligned with empty valence band hole states on the P-side of the P-N junction.
As voltage increases beyond a fixed transition point, the diode begins to operate as a normal diode, where electrons travel by conduction across the P-N junction, and no longer by tunneling through the P–N junction barrier.
When used in the reverse direction, tunnel diodes are called back diodes (or backward diodes) and can act as fast rectifiers with zero offset voltage and extreme linearity for power signals (they have an accurate square law characteristic in the reverse direction).
Under reverse bias, filled states on the P-side become increasingly aligned with empty states on the N-side, and electrons now tunnel through the P-N junction barrier in reverse direction.
In a conventional semiconductor diode, conduction takes place while the P-N junction is forward biased and blocks current flow when the junction is reverse biased.
In the tunnel diode, the dopant concentrations in the P and N layers are increased to a level such that the reverse breakdown voltage becomes zero and the diode conducts in the reverse direction.
The tunnel diode showed great promise as an oscillator and high-frequency threshold (trigger) device since it operated at frequencies far greater than the tetrode could: well into the microwave bands.
Applications of tunnel diodes included local oscillators for UHF television tuners, trigger circuits in oscilloscopes, high-speed counter circuits, and very fast-rise time pulse generator circuits.
In 1977, the Intelsat V satellite receiver used a microstrip tunnel diode amplifier (TDA) front-end in the 14–15.5 GHz frequency band.
For many purposes, a three-terminal device, such as a field-effect transistor, is more flexible than a device with only two terminals.
As noticed on some samples of Esaki diodes, the gold-plated iron pins can in fact corrode and short out to the case.
This can usually be diagnosed and treated with simple peroxide / vinegar technique normally used for repairing phone PCBs and the diode inside normally still works.
Surplus Russian components are also reliable and often can be purchased for a few pence, despite original cost being in the £30–50 range.
The units typically sold are GaAs based and have a ratio of 5:1 at around 1–20 mA , and so should be protected against overcurrent.
Southern Vermont College was a private liberal arts college located on the former Edward Everett Estate (originally called The Orchards) near Bennington, Vermont.
Southern Vermont College was founded in 1926 as St. Joseph Business School, an institution offering certificates of proficiency in secretarial accounting, finance, shorthand and typewriting.
Twelve years later, in 1974, the school moved to its current location on the Edward Hamlin Everett Estate and became Southern Vermont College, a nonsectarian liberal arts college offering a career-directed curriculum.
In the years immediately following this change of location, the College earned bachelor's degree authority from the Vermont Department of Education and full accreditation with the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE).
The 27-room Everett Mansion, listed (along with most of the campus) on the National Register of Historic Places, served as the College's primary administrative and academic building.
It was built 1911–14 for Edward H. Everett, a successful businessman from Cleveland, Ohio, and is architecturally a distinctive combination of Beaux Arts and Norman Revival styles.
The architect, George Oakley Totten Jr., also designed Everett's Washington, DC residence, (formerly the Turkish embassy and now the Residence of the Ambassador of Turkey).
The college had five residence halls, as well as a residence hall complex, Hunter Hall, that was completed in 2009 and accommodates 110 residential students.
Anthony with views of the Green Mountains, is both a living and learning facility, with science and computer labs, study rooms, and an atrium overlooking a pond.
Southern Vermont College offered 16 academic degree programs in five academic divisions: The McCormick Division of Business, The Hunter Division of Humanities, The Division of Nursing, The John Merck Division of Science and Technology, and The Donald Everett Axinn Division of Social Sciences.
It was a member of the Association of Vermont Independent Colleges (AVIC) and the Vermont Campus Compact, affiliated with the national association of colleges that include community service, hands-on learning and civic engagement as part of their academic requirements.
In Fall 2013, Southern Vermont College partnered with the College Steps Program, joining two other Vermont colleges engaged in this program aimed at supporting students with cognitive impairments (e.g., autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities).
The Mountaineers competed in baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's soccer, softball, women's lacrosse, and men's and women's volleyball.
Cytokine release syndrome, also known as an infusion reaction, is a form of systemic inflammatory response syndrome that arises as a complication of some diseases or infections, and is also an adverse effect of some monoclonal antibody drugs, as well as adoptive T-cell therapies.
Symptoms include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rashes, fast breathing, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, seizures, headache, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, tremor, and loss of coordination.
Lab tests and clinical monitoring show low blood oxygen, widened pulse pressure, increased cardiac output (early), potentially diminished cardiac output (late), high nitrogen levels in blood, elevated D-dimer, elevated transaminases, factor I deficiency and excessive bleeding, higher-than-normal level of bilirubin.
CRS occurs when large numbers of white blood cells, including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes are activated and release inflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate yet more white blood cells.
This can occur when the immune system is fighting pathogens, as cytokines signal immune cells such as T-cells and macrophages to travel to the site of infection.
Muromonab-CD3, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody intended to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection of organ transplants; alemtuzumab, which is anti-CD52 and used to treat blood cancers as well as multiple sclerosis and in organ transplants; and rituximab, which is anti-CD20 and used to treat blood cancers and auto-immune disorders, all cause CRS.
Severe CRS or cytokine storms can occur in a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, Ebola, avian influenza, smallpox, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are caused by extreme elevations in cytokines and can be regarded as one form of severe cytokine release syndrome.
Cytokine storm may also be induced by certain medications, such as the CD20 antibody rituximab and the CD19 CAR T cell tisagenlecleucel.
CRS needs to be distinguished from symptoms of the disease itself and in the case of drugs, from other adverse effects—for example tumor lysis syndrome requires different interventions.
Severe CRS caused by some drugs can be prevented by using lower doses, infusing slowly, and administering anti-histamines or corticosteroids before and during administration of the drug.
For moderate to severe CRS, the use of immunosuppressive agents like corticosteroids may be necessary, but judgement must be used to avoid negating the effect of drugs intended to activate the immune system.
Although frequently used to treat severe CRS in people with ARDS, corticosteroids and NSAIDs have been evaluated in clinical trials and have shown no effect on lung mechanics, gas exchange, or beneficial outcome in early established ARDS.
in 1993 in a discussion of graft vs. host disease; a condition in which the role of excessive and self-perpetuating cytokine release had already been under discussion for many years.
The term next appeared in a discussion of pancreatitis in 2002, and in 2003 it was first used in reference to a reaction to an infection.
It is believed that cytokine storms were responsible for the disproportionate number of healthy young adult deaths during the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed 50 to 100 million people.
Preliminary research results from Hong Kong also indicated this as the probable reason for many deaths during the SARS epidemic in 2003.
In 2006, a medical study at Northwick Park Hospital in England resulted in all 6 of the volunteers given the drug TGN1412 becoming critically ill, with multiple organ failure, high fever, and a systemic inflammatory response.
Parexel, a company conducting trials for pharmaceutical companies, in one of its own documents, wrote about the trial and said TGN1412 could cause a cytokine storm—the dangerous reaction the men experienced.
Scholars have proposed theories about Máni's potential connection to the Northern European notion of the Man in the Moon, and a potentially otherwise unattested story regarding Máni through skaldic kennings.
In chapter 11, High says that Máni and his sister Sól are the children of a man by the name of Mundilfari.
In chapter 51, High foretells the events of Ragnarök, including that Máni will be consumed by one of two wolves chasing the heavenly bodies.
He served in World War II in the United States Army Air Corps, where he was shot down while bombing the Ploiești, Romania oil fields during Operation Tidal Wave and was a prisoner of war for over two months.
He served as Assistant County Attorney for Androscoggin County from 1955 to 1957, and he was a Hearing Examiner for the State Liquor Commission from 1957 to 1961.
A Democrat, in 1964 he was elected to the U.S. House from the 2nd District, and he served from 1965 until 1973.
In 1972 Hathaway ran for the United States Senate and defeated four-term Republican incumbent Margaret Chase Smith in a considerable upset.
Hathaway was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1978, losing to his successor in the 2nd District, future Secretary of Defense William Cohen, by 22 percentage points.
In 1990 he was appointed by President George H. W. Bush to the Federal Maritime Commission, and he served as Chairman from 1993 to 1996.
In June 2002, at the age of 78, Hathaway was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for heroism during Operation Tidal Wave.
Hathaway was married to Mary Lee Bird of Horse Shoe, North Carolina, and Akron, Ohio, for over 61 years until her death, in 2007.
Anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) is an infusion of animal- antibodies against human T cells which is used in the treatment of acute rejection in organ transplantation.
It is less commonly used than the similar anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), and like ATG it is associated with cytokine release syndrome in the short term and an increased risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the long term.
The Law School offers several degrees, including Juris Doctor (JD), Master of Laws (LLM) in Environmental Law, Master of Environmental Law and Policy (MELP), Master of Food and Agriculture Law and Policy (MFALP), Master of Energy Regulation and Law (MERL), and dual degrees with a diverse range of institutions.
According to Vermont Law School's 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 61.5% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.
In 2005 the former town schoolhouse (the original Law School building in 1973) was renovated and renamed Debevoise Hall, after one of the first deans of the Law School, Thomas M. Debevoise.
Practicing what it preaches, the Law School emphasized environmental concerns in the renovation, as well as historical preservation and design efficiency.
Debevoise Hall continues to serve as classroom space and now also houses administration offices, the Environmental Law Center, and the Yates Common Room.
Vermont Law School was founded in 1972 by the late Dr. Anthony Doria and held its first classes in the summer of 1973 with 113 students in what was then known as the old South Royalton schoolhouse.
Full approval by the ABA came in 1978, and the Law School was accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) in 1980.
Vermont Law School was one of two law schools in the U.S. to refuse cooperation with the Solomon Amendment, a statute passed by Congress requiring colleges and universities to allow military recruitment on campus or risk losing federal funding.
Following the repeal of 'Don't Ask Don't Tell' in 2011, all law schools in the country now cooperate with the Solomon Amendment.
As well as the Juris Doctor (JD), the Law School offers several degrees and joint-degrees, as well as degrees with other universities.
Degrees include Master of Laws (LLM) in Environmental Law, Master of Laws (LLM) in American Legal Studies, Master of Laws (LLM) in Food and Agriculture Law, and Master of Laws (LLM) in Energy Law; Master of Environmental Law and Policy (MELP), Master of Energy Regulation and Law (MERL), and Master of Food and Agriculture Law and Policy (MFALP).
Domestic schools include: Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (JD/Master of Environmental Management), Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth (MELP/Master of Business Administration), the University of Vermont Rubenstein School of Natural Resources (MELP/Master of Science in Natural Resources), Thunderbird School of Global Management (JD/Masters of Business Administration), the University of South Carolina (MELP/JD), University of South Dakota (MELP/JD), and Northeastern University School of Law (MELP/JD).
The library's electronic collection includes access to LexisNexis and Westlaw and other online gateways and databases, as well as a large catalog of full-text electronic journals and books and databases offering primary legal materials.
According to Vermont Law School's official 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 61.5% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.
Vermont Law School's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 29%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2013 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.
For an introduction to the birds of the region and a key to the status abbreviations, see List of birds of the South Asia.
Glucocorticoids are part of the feedback mechanism in the immune system which reduces certain aspects of immune function, such as inflammation.
They are therefore used in medicine to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system, such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis.
Glucocorticoids have many diverse (pleiotropic) effects, including potentially harmful side effects, and as a result are rarely sold over the counter.
They also interfere with some of the abnormal mechanisms in cancer cells, so they are used in high doses to treat cancer.
This includes inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation, as in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias, and the mitigation of side effects of anticancer drugs.
The activated glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (a process known as transactivation) and represses the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the cytosol by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus (transrepression).
Various synthetic glucocorticoids are available; these are widely utilized in general medical practice and numerous specialties either as replacement therapy in glucocorticoid deficiency or to suppress the immune system.
In the fasted state, cortisol stimulates several processes that collectively serve to increase and maintain normal concentrations of glucose in blood.
Some examples include inhibition of bone formation, suppression of calcium absorption (both of which can lead to osteoporosis), delayed wound healing, muscle weakness, and increased risk of infection.
An important example is their role in promoting maturation of the lung and production of the surfactant necessary for extrauterine lung function.
In addition, glucocorticoids are necessary for normal brain development, by initiating terminal maturation, remodeling axons and dendrites, and affecting cell survival and may also play a role in hippocampal development.
This has been confirmed in studies, whereby blockade of either glucocorticoids or noradrenaline activity impaired the recall of emotionally relevant information.
Additional sources have shown subjects whose fear learning was accompanied by high cortisol levels had better consolidation of this memory (this effect was more important in men).
The effect that glucocorticoids have on memory may be due to damage specifically to the CA1 area of the hippocampal formation.
In multiple animal studies, prolonged stress (causing prolonged increases in glucocorticoid levels) have shown destruction of the neurons in this area of the brain, which has been connected to lower memory performance.
This appears to follow the Yerkes-Dodson curve, as studies have shown circulating levels of glucocorticoids vs. memory performance follow an upside-down U pattern, much like the Yerkes-Dodson curve.
For example, long-term potentiation (LTP; the process of forming long-term memories) is optimal when glucocorticoid levels are mildly elevated, whereas significant decreases of LTP are observed after adrenalectomy (low-glucocorticoid state) or after exogenous glucocorticoid administration (high-glucocorticoid state).
Elevated levels of glucocorticoids enhance memory for emotionally arousing events, but lead more often than not to poor memory for material unrelated to the source of stress/emotional arousal.
In contrast to the dose-dependent enhancing effects of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation, these stress hormones have been shown to inhibit the retrieval of already stored information.
Glucocorticoids could act centrally, as well as peripherally, to assist in the normalization of extracellular fluid volume by regulating body's action to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
After a hormone binds to the corresponding receptor, the newly formed complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to glucocorticoid response elements in the promoter region of the target genes resulting in the regulation of gene expression.
The classical understanding of this mechanism is that activated glucocorticoid receptor binds to DNA in the same site where another transcription factor would bind, which prevents the transcription of genes that are transcribed via the activity of that factor.
While this does occur, the results are not consistent for all cell types and conditions; there is no generally accepted, general mechanism for transrepression.
New mechanisms are being discovered where transcription is repressed, but the activated glucocorticoid receptor is not interacting with DNA, but rather with another transcription factor directly, thus interfering with it, or with other proteins that interfere with the function of other transcription factors.
This latter mechanism appears to be the most likely way that activated glucocorticoid receptor interferes with NF-κB - namely by recruiting histone deacetylase, which deacetylate the DNA in the promoter region leading to closing of the chromatin structure where NF-κB needs to bind.
Activated glucocorticoid receptor has effects that have been experimentally shown to be independent of any effects on transcription and can only be due to direct binding of activated glucocorticoid receptor with other proteins or with mRNA.
For example, Src kinase which binds to inactive glucocorticoid receptor, is released when a glucocorticoid binds to glucocorticoid receptor, and phosphorylates a protein that in turn displaces an adaptor protein from a receptor important in inflammation, epidermal growth factor, reducing its activity, which in turn results in reduced creation of arachidonic acid - a key proinflammatory molecule.
They differ in both pharmacokinetics (absorption factor, half-life, volume of distribution, clearance) and pharmacodynamics (for example the capacity of mineralocorticoid activity: retention of sodium (Na+) and water; renal physiology).
Endogenous glucocorticoids and some synthetic corticoids have high affinity to the protein transcortin (also called corticosteroid-binding globulin), whereas all of them bind albumin.
Oral potency may be less than parenteral potency because significant amounts (up to 50% in some cases) may not reach the circulation.
Fludrocortisone acetate and deoxycorticosterone acetate are, by definition, mineralocorticoids rather than glucocorticoids, but they do have minor glucocorticoid potency and are included in this table to provide perspective on mineralocorticoid potency.
Newly emerging evidence showed that glucocorticoids could be used in the treatment of heart failure to increase the renal responsiveness to diuretics and natriuretic peptides.
Any glucocorticoid can be given in a dose that provides approximately the same glucocorticoid effects as normal cortisol production; this is referred to as physiologic, replacement, or maintenance dosing.
This is approximately 6–12 mg/m/day of hydrocortisone (m refers to body surface area (BSA), and is a measure of body size; an average man's BSA is 1.9 m).
Glucocorticoids cause immunosuppression, and the therapeutic component of this effect is mainly the decreases in the function and numbers of lymphocytes, including both B cells and T cells.
NF-κB is a critical transcription factor involved in the synthesis of many mediators (i.e., cytokines) and proteins (i.e., adhesion proteins) that promote the immune response.
Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-γ, the most important of which is IL-2.
The effect is more prominent in immature T cells still inside in the thymus, but peripheral T cells are also affected.
Glucocorticoids may also decrease the expression of Fc receptors in macrophages, but the evidence supporting this regulation in earlier studies has been questioned.
Lipocortin-1 both suppresses phospholipase A2, thereby blocking eicosanoid production, and inhibits various leukocyte inflammatory events (epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, etc.).
In other words, glucocorticoids not only suppress immune response, but also inhibit the two main products of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis at the level of phospholipase A2 as well as at the level of cyclooxygenase/PGE isomerase (COX-1 and COX-2), the latter effect being much like that of NSAIDs, thus potentiating the anti-inflammatory effect.
Resistance to the therapeutic uses of glucocorticoids can present difficulty; for instance, 25% of cases of severe asthma may be unresponsive to steroids.
This may be the result of genetic predisposition, ongoing exposure to the cause of the inflammation (such as allergens), immunological phenomena that bypass glucocorticoids, and pharmacokinetic disturbances (incomplete absorption or accelerated excretion or metabolism).
Glucocorticoids could be used in the treatment of decompensated heart failure to potentiate renal responsiveness to diuretics, especially in heart failure patients with refractory diuretic resistance with large doses of loop diuretics.
In high doses, hydrocortisone (cortisol) and those glucocorticoids with appreciable mineralocorticoid potency can exert a mineralocorticoid effect as well, although in physiologic doses this is prevented by rapid degradation of cortisol by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 () in mineralocorticoid target tissues.
Glucocorticoids cause immunosuppression, decreasing the function and/or numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes (including both B cells and T cells), monocytes, macrophages, and the anatomical barrier function of the skin.
In addition to the effects listed above, use of high-dose steroids for more than a week begins to produce suppression of the patient's adrenal glands because the exogenous glucocorticoids suppress hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone.
With prolonged suppression, the adrenal glands atrophy (physically shrink), and can take months to recover full function after discontinuation of the exogenous glucocorticoid.
While suppressive dose and time for adrenal recovery vary widely, clinical guidelines have been devised to estimate potential adrenal suppression and recovery, to reduce risk to the patient.
Personal construct theory or personal construct psychology (PCP) is a theory of personality and cognition developed by the American psychologist George Kelly in the 1950s.
Kelly explicitly stated that each individual's task in understanding their personal psychology is to put in order the facts of his or her own experience.
Then the individual, like the scientist, is to test the accuracy of that constructed knowledge by performing those actions the constructs suggest.
If the results of their actions are in line with what the knowledge predicted, then they have done a good job of finding the order in their personal experience.
This method of discovering and correcting constructs is simply the scientific method used by all modern sciences to discover the truths about the universe we live in.
Kelly proposed that every construct is bipolar, specifying how two things are similar to each other (lying on the same pole) and different from a third thing, and they can be expanded with new ideas.
A 2016 empirical study showed that personal associations are mutually inter-related and that the concepts of self and world are internally connected via direct and mediated dependences, which reflects the structuring of perception and understanding of self and world in people's minds.
A main tenet of PCP theory is that a person's unique psychological processes are channeled by the way s/he anticipates events.
We build theories—often stereotypes—about other people and also try to control them or impose on others our own theories so that we are better able to predict their actions.
A given person or set of persons or any event or circumstance can be characterized fairly precisely by the set of constructs we apply to it and the position of the thing within the range of each construct.
So Fred for instance may be just half between happy and sad (one construct) and definitively clever rather than stupid (another construct).
Constructs are applied to anything we put our attention to, including ourselves, and also strongly influence what we fix our attention on.
Hence, determining a person's system of constructs would go a long way towards understanding him, especially the person's essential constructs that represent very strong and unchangeable beliefs; and also the constructs a person applies to him/herself.
Rather than having the therapist interpret the person's psyche, which would amount to imposing the doctor's constructs on the patient, the therapist should just act as a facilitator of the patient finding his or her own constructs.
The patient's behavior is then mainly explained as ways to selectively observe the world, act upon it and update the construct system in such a way as to increase predictability.
To build a repertory grid (a sort of matrix) for a patient, Kelly would first ask the patient to select about seven elements whose nature might depend on whatever the patient or therapist are trying to discover.
Further questioning would reveal the other end of the construct (say, introvert) and the positions of the three characters between extremes.
Repeating the procedure with different sets of three elements ends up revealing several constructs the patient might not have been fully aware of.
The repertory grid itself is a matrix where the rows represent constructs found, the columns represent the elements, and cells indicate with a number the position of each element within each construct.
During the last 30 years, it has gradually gained adherents in the US, Canada, the UK, Germany, Australia, Ireland, Italy and Spain.
While its chief fields of application remain clinical and educational psychology, there is an increasing interest in its applications to organizational development, employee training and development, job analysis, job description and evaluation.
The repertory grid is often used in the qualitative phase of market research, to identify the ways in which consumers construe products and services.
Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to provide active reabsorption of sodium and an associated passive reabsorption of water, as well as the active secretion of potassium in the principal cells of the cortical collecting tubule and active secretion of protons via proton ATPases in the lumenal membrane of the intercalated cells of the collecting tubule.
Aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion is mediated principally by angiotensin II but also by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and local potassium levels.
The effects of mineralocorticoids are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades.
Mineralocorticoids bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor in the cell cytosol, and are able to freely cross the lipid bilayer of the cell.
After a hormone binds to the corresponding receptor, the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many hormone response elements (HREs) in the promoter region of the target genes in the DNA.
Aldosterone and cortisol (a glucosteroid) have similar affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, glucocorticoids circulate at roughly 100 times the level of mineralocorticoids.
Licorice is known to be an inhibitor of this enzyme and chronic consumption can result in a condition known as pseudohyperaldosteronism.
Hypoaldosteronism (the syndrome caused by underproduction of aldosterone) leads to the salt-wasting state associated with Addison's disease, although classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other disease states may also cause this situation.
The assignment of the trademark to Torvalds occurred after a lawsuit against attorney William R. Della Croce, Jr., of Boston, who had registered the trademark in the US in September 1995 and began in 1996 to send letters to various Linux distributors, demanding ten percent of royalties from sales of Linux products.
LMI originally charged a nominal sublicensing fee for use of the Linux name as part of trademarks, but later changed this in favor of offering a free, perpetual worldwide sublicense.
Muscle memory is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition, which has been used synonymously with motor learning.
When a movement is repeated over time, a long-term muscle memory is created for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed with little to no conscious effort.
Examples of muscle memory are found in many everyday activities that become automatic and improve with practice, such as riding a bicycle, typing on a keyboard, entering a PIN, playing a musical instrument, poker, martial arts or even dancing.
After the break from tradition of the pre-1900s view of introspection, psychologists emphasized research and more scientific methods in observing behaviours.
The retention of motor skills, now referred to as muscle memory, also began to be of great interest in the early 1900s.
Most motor skills are thought to be acquired through practice; however, mere observation of the skill has led to learning as well.
Research suggests we do not start off with a blank slate with regard to motor memory although we do learn most of our motor memory repertoire during our lifetime.
Movements such as facial expressions, which are thought to be learned, can actually be observed in children who are blind; thus there is some evidence for motor memory being genetically pre-wired.
In the early stages of empirical research of motor memory Edward Thorndike, a leading pioneer in the study of motor memory, was among the first to acknowledge learning can occur without conscious awareness.
One of the earliest and most notable studies regarding the retention of motor skills was by Hill, Rejall, and Thorndike, who showed savings in relearning typing skills after a 25-year period with no practice.
Findings related to the retention of learned motor skills have been continuously replicated in studies, suggesting that through subsequent practice, motor learning is stored in the brain as memory.
This is why performing skills such as riding a bike or driving a car are effortlessly and 'subconsciously' executed, even if someone had not performed these skills in a long period of time.
With practice, execution of motor task becomes smoother, there is a decrease in limb stiffness, and muscle activity necessary to the task is performed without conscious effort.
The neuroanatomy of memory is widespread throughout the brain; however, the pathways important to motor memory are separate from the medial temporal lobe pathways associated with declarative memory.
As with declarative memory, motor memory is theorized to have two stages: a short-term memory encoding stage, which is fragile and susceptible to damage, and a long-term memory consolidation stage, which is more stable.
The memory encoding stage is often referred to as motor learning, and requires an increase in brain activity in motor areas as well as an increase in attention.
Brain areas active during motor learning include the motor and somatosensory cortices; however, these areas of activation decrease once the motor skill is learned.
The prefrontal and frontal cortices are also active during this stage due to the need for increased attention on the task being learned.
Some models of cerebellar-dependent motor learning, in particular the Marr-Albus model, propose a single plasticity mechanism involving the cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) of the parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells.
However, conflicting evidence suggests that a single plasticity mechanism is not sufficient and a multiple plasticity mechanism is needed to account for the storage of motor memories over time.
Regardless of the mechanism, studies of cerebellar-dependent motor tasks show that cerebral cortical plasticity is crucial for motor learning, even if not necessarily for storage.
The basal ganglia also play an important role in memory and learning, in particular in reference to stimulus-response associations and the formation of habits.
In this case, that would mean that the high amount of stimulation coming from practicing a movement would cause the repetition of firing in certain motor networks, presumably leading to an increase in the efficiency of exciting these motor networks over time.
Though the exact location of muscle memory storage is not known, studies have suggested that it is the inter-regional connections that play the most important role in advancing motor memory encoding to consolidation, rather than decreases in overall regional activity.
These studies have shown a weakened connection from the cerebellum to the primary motor area with practice, it is presumed, because of a decreased need for error correction from the cerebellum.
However, the connection between the basal ganglia and the primary motor area is strengthened, suggesting the basal ganglia play an important role in the motor memory consolidation process.
All sports require some degree of strength, endurance training, and skilled reaching in order to be successful in the required tasks.
Muscle memory related to strength training involves elements of both motor learning, described below, and long-lasting changes in the muscle tissue.
Evidence has shown that increases in strength occur well before muscle hypertrophy, and decreases in strength due to detraining or ceasing to repeat the exercise over an extended period of time precede muscle atrophy.
To be specific, strength training enhances motor neuron excitability and induces synaptogenesis, both of which would help in enhancing communication between the nervous system and the muscles themselves.
However, neuromuscular efficacy is not altered within a two-week time period following cessation of the muscle usage; instead, it is merely the neuron's ability to excite the muscle that declines in correlation with the muscle's decrease in strength.
This confirms that muscle strength is first influenced by the inner neural circuitry, rather than by external physiological changes in the muscle size.
The elevated number of nuclei in muscle fibers that had experienced a hypertrophic episode would provide a mechanism for muscle memory, explaining the long-lasting effects of training and the ease with which previously trained individuals are more easily retrained.
obtained by a moderate increase in the protein synthesis rate of each of these many nuclei, skipping the step of adding newly formed nuclei.
However, within the motor cortex, endurance induces angiogenesis within as little as three weeks to increase blood flow to the involved regions.
Skilled motor tasks have been divided into two distinct phases: a fast-learning phase, in which an optimal plan for performance is established, and a slow-learning phase, in which longer-term structural modifications are made on specific motor modules.
Even a small amount of training may be enough to induce neural processes that continue to evolve even after the training has stopped, which provides a potential basis for consolidation of the task.
It has been suggested that the synaptogenesis and motor map reorganization merely represent the consolidation, and not the acquisition itself, of a specific motor task.
Furthermore, the degree of plasticity in various locations (namely motor cortex versus spinal cord) is dependent on the behavioural demands and nature of the task (i.e., skilled reaching versus strength training).
Whether strength or endurance related, it is plausible that the majority of motor movements would require a skilled moving task of some form, whether it be maintaining proper form when paddling a canoe, or bench pressing a heavier weight.
Endurance training assists the formation of these new neural representations within the motor cortex by up regulating neurotropic factors that could enhance the survival of the newer neural maps formed due to the skilled movement training.
Strength training results are seen in the spinal cord well before any physiological muscular adaptation is established through muscle hypertrophy or atrophy.
More recently, research has suggested that epigenetics may play a distinct role in orchestrating a muscle memory phenomenon Indeed, previously untrained human participants experienced a chronic period of resistance exercise training (7 weeks) that evoked significant increases in skeletal muscle mass of the vastus lateralis muscle, in the quadriceps muscle group.
Following a similar period of physical in-activity (7 weeks), where strength and muscle mass returned to baseline, participants performed a secondary period of resistance exercise.
Importantly, these participants adapted in an enhanced manner, whereby the amount of skeletal muscle mass gained was greater in the second period of muscle growth then the first, suggesting a muscle memory concept.
The researchers went on to examine the human epigenome in order to understand how DNA methylation may aid in creating this effect.
During the first period of resistance exercise, the authors identify significant adaptations in the human methylome, whereby over 9,000 CpG sites were reported as being significantly hypomethylated, with these adaptations being sustained during the subsequent period of physical in-activity.
However, upon secondary exposure to resistance exercise, a greater frequency of hypomethylated CpG sites was observed, where over 18,000 sites reported as being significantly hypomethylated.
The authors went on to identify how these changes altered the expression of relevant transcripts, and subsequently correlated these changes with adaptations in skeletal muscle mass.
Collectively, the authors conclude that skeletal muscle mass and muscle memory phenomenon is, at least in part, modulated due to changes in DNA methylation.
Fine motor skills are often discussed in terms of transitive movements, which are those done when using tools (which could be as simple as a tooth brush or pencil).
Transitive movements have representations that become programmed to the premotor cortex, creating motor programs that result in the activation of the motor cortex and therefore the motor movements.
In a study testing the motor memory of patterned finger movements (a fine motor skill) it was found that retention of certain skills is susceptible to disruption if another task interferes with one's motor memory.
For example, if a finger pattern is learned and another finger pattern is learned six hours later, the first pattern will still be remembered.
It was found that muscle memory is relied on when playing the clarinet, specifically to help create special effects through certain tongue movements when blowing air into the instrument.
Certain human behaviours, especially actions like the finger movements in musical performances, are very complex and require many interconnected neural networks where information can be transmitted across multiple brain regions.
It has been found that there are often functional differences in the brains of professional musicians, when compared to other individuals.
It is suggested that bimanual coordination can come only from years of bimanual training, where such actions become adaptations of the motor areas.
When comparing professional musicians to a control group in complex bimanual movements, professionals are found to use an extensive motor network much less than those non-professionals.
This is because professionals rely on a motor system that has increased efficiency, and, therefore, those less trained have a network that is more strongly activated.
It is implied that the untrained pianists have to invest more neuronal activity to have the same level of performance that is achieved by professionals.
This, yet again, is said to be a consequence of many years of motor training and experience that helps form a fine motor memory skill of musical performance.
This implies that there is a coupling between the perception of music and the motor activity of those musically trained individuals.
Overall, long-term musical fine motor training allows for complex actions to be performed at a lower level of movement control, monitoring, selection, attention, and timing.
This leaves room for musicians to focus attention synchronously elsewhere, such as on the artistic aspect of the performance, without having to consciously control one's fine motor actions.
The average beginner will try to do something like this; however, an advanced cuber can learn much more efficiently with muscle memory.
This plays a role in major speedcubing methods such as Fridrich for the 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube and EG for the 2×2×2 Pocket cube.
Gross motor skills are concerned with the movement of large muscles, or major body movements, such as those involved in walking or kicking, and are associated with normal development.
In a study looking at people with Down Syndrome, it was found that the pre-existing deficits, with regard to verbal-motor performance, limits the individual's transfer of gross motor skills following visual and verbal instruction to verbal instruction only.
The fact that the individuals could still exhibit two of the three original motor skills may have been a result of positive transfer in which previous exposure allows the individual to remember the motion, under the visual and verbal trial, and then later perform it under the verbal trial.
The way in which a child learns a gross motor skill can affect how long it takes to consolidate it and be able to reproduce the movement.
In a study with preschoolers, looking at the role of self-instruction on acquiring complex gross motor chains using ballet positions, it was found that the motor skills were better learned and remembered with the self-instruction procedure over the no-self-instruction procedure.
This suggests that the use of self-instruction will increase the speed with which a preschooler will learn and remember a gross motor skill.
It was also found that, once the preschoolers learned and mastered the motor chain movements, they ceased the use of self-instruction.
This suggests that the memory for the movements became strong enough that there was no longer a need for self-instruction and the movements could be reproduced without it.
It has been suggested that consistent practice of a gross motor skill can help a patient with Alzheimer's disease learn and remember that skill.
It was thought that the damage to the hippocampus may result in the need for a specific type of learning requirement.
A study was created to test this assumption in which the patients were trained to throw a bean bag at a target.
It was found that the Alzheimer's patients performed better on the task when learning occurred under constant training as opposed to variable.
Also, it was found that gross motor memory in Alzheimer's patients was the same as that of healthy adults when learning occurs under constant practice.
This suggests that damage to the hippocampal system does not impair an Alzheimer's patient from retaining new gross motor skills, implying that motor memory for gross motor skills is stored elsewhere in the brain.
Likewise, diseases commonly associated with motor deficits, such as Huntington's and Parkinson's disease, have a wide variety of symptoms and associated brain damage that make it impossible to pinpoint whether or not motor memory is in fact impaired.
As Edward S. Casey notes in Remembering, Second Edition: A Phenomenological Study, declarative memory, a process that involves an initial fragile learning period.
A recent issue in motor memory is whether or not it consolidates in a manner similar to declarative memory, a process that involves an initial fragile learning period that eventually becomes stable and less susceptible to damage over time.
Clive has severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia owing to damage in his temporal lobes, frontal lobes, and hippocampi, which prevents him from storing any new memories and making him aware of only the present moment.
This could be because motor memory is demonstrated through savings over several trials of learning, whereas declarative memory is demonstrated through recall of a single item.
This suggests that lesions in certain brain areas normally associated with declarative memory would not affect motor memory for a well-learned skill.
This patient was diagnosed with a pure form of dysgraphia of letters, meaning he had no other speech or reading impairments.
He had previously been rated average on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale's vocabulary subtest for writing ability comparative to his age before his diagnosis.
Somehow there is a specific portion of the brain related to writing letters, which is dissociated from copying and drawing letter-like items.
He soon after played with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, and subsequently made many appearances in New York and other American cities with Theodore Thomas and the Theodore Thomas Orchestra.
Joseffy was soloist for the inaugural concerts of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra on October 16 and 17, 1891, performing Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto with Thomas conducting at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago.
He produced numerous popular compositions for the piano as well as editing works of Frédéric Chopin and other composers for G. Schirmer music publishers.
Henry Wolfsohn claimed to have offered Joseffy huge sums for concert tours but the pianist found concert life so severe upon his nerves that he would not accept.
A residual-current device (RCD), or residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB), is a device that quickly breaks an electrical circuit to prevent serious harm from an ongoing electric shock.
Injury may still occur in some cases, for example if a human falls after receiving a shock, or if the person touches both conductors at the same time.
In the United States and Canada, the terms ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), ground fault interrupter (GFI) or appliance leakage current interrupter (ALCI) (also known as a Leakage Current Detection Interrupter (LCDI)) are used.
An earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) may be a residual-current device, although an older type of voltage-operated earth leakage circuit breaker also exists.
These electrical wiring devices are designed to quickly and automatically disconnect a circuit when it detects that the electric current is not balanced between the supply and return conductors of a circuit.
Current of around 30 mA (0.030 amperes) through the human body is potentially sufficient to cause cardiac arrest or serious harm if it persists for more than a small fraction of a second.
A test button safely creates a small leakage condition, and a reset button reconnects the conductors after a fault condition has been cleared.
Some RCDs disconnect both the energized and return conductors upon a fault (double pole), while a single pole RCD only disconnects the energized conductor.
to switch off when a fault develops, rather than rely on human intervention, one of the essential tenets of modern electrical practice.
To prevent electrocution, RCDs should operate within 25–40 milliseconds with any leakage currents (through a person) of greater than 30 mA, before electric shock can drive the heart into ventricular fibrillation, the most common cause of death through electric shock.
A small leakage current, such as through a person, can be a very serious fault, but would probably not increase the total current enough for a fuse or circuit breaker to break the circuit, and certainly not do so fast enough to save a life.
If these do not sum to zero, there is a leakage of current to somewhere else (to earth/ground or to another circuit), and the device will open its contacts.
Operation does not require a fault current to return through the earth wire in the installation; the trip will operate just as well if the return path is through plumbing, contact with the ground or any other current path.
Automatic disconnection and a measure of shock protection is therefore still provided even if the earth wiring of the installation is damaged or incomplete.
For an RCD used with three-phase power, all three live conductors and the neutral (if fitted) must pass through the current transformer.
Electrical plugs with incorporated RCD are sometimes installed on appliances that might be considered to pose a particular safety hazard, for example long extension leads, which might be used outdoors, or garden equipment or hair dryers, which may be used near a bath or sink.
By putting the RCD in the extension lead, protection is provided at whatever outlet is used even if the building has old wiring, such as knob and tube, or wiring that does not contain a grounding conductor.
In Europe, RCDs can fit on the same DIN rail as the MCBs; however, the busbar arrangements in consumer units and distribution boards can make it awkward to use them in this way.
But it cannot protect against overcurrent (overload) or short circuit like a fuse or a miniature circuit breaker (MCB) does (except for the special case of a short circuit from live to ground (not live to neutral)).
However, a RCD and a MCB often come integrated in the same device, thus being able to detect both supply imbalance and overload current.
It is rated to carry a maximal current of 13 A and is designed to trip on a leakage current of 30 mA.
This is an active RCD; that is, it latches electrically and therefore trips on power failure, a useful feature for equipment that could be dangerous on unexpected re-energisation.
As these are hard to manufacture to the required accuracy and prone to drift in sensitivity both from pivot wear and lubricant dry-out, the electronically amplified type with a more robust solenoid part as illustrated are now dominant.
The incoming supply and the neutral conductors are connected to the terminals at (1), and the outgoing load conductors are connected to the terminals at (2).
The sense coil (6) is a differential current transformer which surrounds (but is not electrically connected to) the live and neutral conductors.
Any fault to earth (for example caused by a person touching a live component in the attached appliance) causes some of the current to take a different return path, which means that there is an imbalance (difference) in the current in the two conductors (single-phase case), or, more generally, a nonzero sum of currents from among various conductors (for example, three phase conductors and one neutral conductor).
The sense circuitry then removes power from the solenoid (5), and the contacts (4) are forced apart by a spring, cutting off the electricity supply to the appliance.
The test button (8) allows the correct operation of the device to be verified by passing a small current through the orange test wire (9).
Residual-current and overcurrent protection may be combined in one device for installation into the service panel; this device is known as a GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) breaker in the US and Canada, and as an RCBO (residual-current circuit breaker with overload protection) in Europe.
As well as requiring both live and neutral inputs and outputs (or, full 3-phase), many GFCI/RCBO devices require a functional earth (FE) connection.
This serves to provide both EMC immunity and to reliably operate the device if the input-side neutral connection is lost but live and earth remain.
For reasons of space, many devices, especially in DIN rail format, use flying leads rather than screw terminals, especially for the neutral input and FE connections.
Additionally, because of the small form factor, the output cables of some models (Eaton/MEM) are used to form the primary winding of the RCD part, and the outgoing circuit cables must be led through a specially dimensioned terminal tunnel with the current transformer part around it.
This can lead to incorrect failed trip results when testing with meter probes from the screw heads of the terminals, rather than from the final circuit wiring.
One exception is the case of a TT earthing system, where the earth loop impedance may be high, meaning that a ground fault might not cause sufficient current to trip an ordinary circuit breaker or fuse.
In this case a special 100 mA (or greater) trip current time-delayed RCD is installed, covering the whole installation, and then more sensitive RCDs should be installed downstream of it for sockets and other circuits that are considered high-risk.
In addition to Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs), Arc-fault circuit interrupter devices (AFCI) are equally important as they offer added protection from potentially hazardous arc-faults resulting from damage in branch circuit wiring as well as extensions to branches such as appliances and cord sets.
By detecting hazardous arc-faults and responding by interrupting power, AFCIs helps reduce the likelihood of the home's electrical system being an ignition source of a fire.
Dual Function AFCI/GFCI devices offer both electrical fire prevention and shock prevention in one device making them a solution for many rooms in the home, especially when replacing an existing standard receptacle or existing ungrounded receptacle.
Major differences exist regarding the manner in which an RCD-unit will act to disconnect the power to a circuit or appliance.
The first three of those situations, relate largely to usage as part of a power-distribution system & are almost always of the 'Passive' (or otherwise 'Latched') variety, whereas the fourth relates solely to specific appliances, & SHOULD always be of the 'Active' (or otherwise 'non-Latching') variety.
The 'Active' tag relates to the prevention of any 're-activation' of the power-supply after any inadvertent form of power outage, as soon as the mains supply becomes re-established; the 'Latch' tag relates to a 'switch' inside the 'RCD-unit' that remains as set following any form of 'regular' power-outage, but has to be reset manually after the detection of an error-condition.
In the fourth situation, it would be deemed to be highly undesirable, & probably very unsafe, for a connected appliance to automatically resume operation after ANY sort of power-disconnection, without having the operator in attendance - so manual reactivation of the 'RCD-unit' is ALWAYS necessary.
The difference between the modes of operation of the essentially two different-types of 'RCD-unit' functionality, is that the operation for power-distribution purposes requires the internal 'Latch' to remain set within the 'RCD-unit' after any form of power-disconnection caused by either the user himself turning the power off, or after any power-outage attributable to the electricity service-provider; such arrangements are particularly applicable for connections to refrigerators & freezers.
Situation two is mostly installed just as described above, but some wall-socket 'RCD-units' are available to fit the 'Type 4' situation, often by operating a switch on the fascia panel.
RCD-units for the 'Type 1 to 3' situation are most commonly rated at 30-milli-amps & 40-milli-seconds (being the degree of power protection, & the time taken before the cut-out operates).
For 'Type 4', there is generally a greater choice of 'settings' available - generally all 'lower' than the other forms, but lower values often result in more nuisance tripping.
Sometimes users apply 'Type 4' protection in addition to one of the other forms, when they wish to over-ride those with a lower rating.
The 'Type 4' type of protection is also utilised by 'Travellers', particularly when using foreign power supplies, or anywhere else where they cannot rely upon the presence of protection being supplied at the CPDU &c..
It may be wise to have a selection of 'Type 4' 'RCD-units' available, because connections made under damp conditions or using lengthy power-cables are more prone to trip-out when any of the lower-ratings of 'RCD-unit' are used; ratings as low as 10-milli-amps are available.
It never does any harm to include more than one 'RCD-unit' within any circuitry, but solely the unit having the lowest rating will be relevant.
RCDs used on single-phase AC supplies (two current paths), such as domestic power, are usually one- or two-pole designs, also known as single- and double-pole.
RCDs with three or more poles can be used on three-phase AC supplies (three current paths) or to disconnect an earth conductor as well, with four-pole RCDs used to interrupt three-phase + neutral supplies.
They must never trip at one-half of the nominal current rating, but must trip within 200 milliseconds for rated current, and within 40 milliseconds at five times rated current.
They provide at least 130 milliseconds delay of tripping at rated current, 60 milliseconds at twice rated, and 50 milliseconds at five times rated.
The maximum break time is 500 ms at rated current, 200 ms at twice rated, and 150 ms at five times rated.
In this way, a failure of a device to detect the fault will eventually be cleared by a higher-level device, at the cost of interrupting more circuits.
and notes that these designations have been introduced because some designs of type A and AC RCD can be disabled if a DC current is present that saturates the core of the detector.
The surge current refers to the peak current an RCD is designed to withstand using a test impulse of specified characteristics.
To avoid needless tripping, only one RCD should be installed on any single circuit (excluding corded RCDs, such as bathroom small appliances).
In particular, an RCD alone will not detect overload conditions, phase-to-neutral short circuits or phase-to-phase short circuits (see three-phase electric power).
An RCD helps to protect against electric shock when current flows through a person from a phase (live / line / hot) to earth.
Although regarded as a nuisance, the fault is with the deteriorated element and not the RCD: replacement of the offending element will resolve the problem, but replacing the RCD will not.
In the case of RCDs that need a power supply, a dangerous condition can arise if the neutral wire is broken or switched off on the supply side of the RCD, while the corresponding live wire remains uninterrupted.
For this reason circuit breakers must be installed in a way that ensures that the neutral wire cannot be switched off unless the live wire is also switched off at the same time.
To provide some protection with an interrupted neutral, some RCDs and RCBOs are equipped with an auxiliary connection wire that must be connected to the earth busbar of the distribution board.
This either enables the device to detect the missing neutral of the supply, causing the device to trip, or provides an alternative supply path for the tripping circuitry, enabling it to continue to function normally in the absence of the supply neutral.
Related to this, a single-pole RCD/RCBO interrupts the energized conductor only, while a double-pole device interrupts both the energized and return conductors.
However, because of its design, a single-pole RCD will not isolate or disconnect all relevant wires in certain uncommon situations, for example where the return conductor is not being held, as expected, at ground potential, or where current leakage occurs between the return and earth conductors.
a system capable of protecting people from the hazards of direct contact between a live conductor and earth), was a second-harmonic magnetic amplifier core-balance system, known as the magamp, developed in South Africa by Henri Rubin.
Fuchs Electrical Industries of Alberton Johannesburg, initially developed a cold-cathode system in 1955 which operated at 525 V and had a tripping sensitivity of 250 mA.
However, Rubin began working on a completely novel system with greatly improved sensitivity, and by early 1956, he had produced a prototype second-harmonic magnetic amplifier-type core balance system (South African Patent No.
Very rapid tripping times were achieved through a novel design, and this combined with the high sensitivity was well within the safe current-time envelope for ventricular fibrillation determined by Charles Dalziel of the University of California, Berkeley, USA, who had estimated electrical shock hazards in humans.
In addition, the original prototype was able to trip at a lower sensitivity in the presence of an interrupted neutral, thus protecting against an important cause of electrical fire.
Following the accidental electrocution of a woman in a domestic accident at the Stilfontein gold mining village near Johannesburg, a few hundred F.W.J.
Electrical Industries, which later changed its name to FW Electrical Industries, continued to manufacture 20 mA single phase and three phase magamp units.
At the time that he worked on the magamp, Rubin also considered using transistors in this application, but concluded that the early transistors then available were too unreliable.
However, with the advent of improved transistors, the company that he worked for and other companies later produced transistorized versions of earth leakage protection.
In 1961, Dalziel, working with Rucker Manufacturing Co., developed a transistorized device for earth leakage protection which became known as a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI), sometimes colloquially shortened to Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI).
The circuit breaker type, installed into a distribution panel, suffered from accidental trips mainly caused by poor or inconsistent insulation on the wiring.
So much current leaked along the length of the conductors' insulation that the breaker might trip with the slightest increase of current imbalance.
The migration to outlet receptacle based protection in North American installations reduced the accidental trips and provided obvious verification that wet areas were under electrical code-required protection.
European installations continue to use primarily RCDs installed at the distribution board, which provides protection in case of damage to fixed wiring; In Europe socket-based RCDs are primarily used for retro-fitting.
It needs to be installed on all circuits with power plugs with a maximum leakage current of 30 mA and a maximum rated current of 16 A.
Since NBR 5410 (1997) residual current devices and grounding are required for new construction or repair in wet areas, outdoor areas, interior outlets used for external appliances, or in areas where water is more probable like bathrooms and kitchens.
Denmark requires 30 mA RCDs on all circuits that are rated for less than 20 A (circuits at greater rating are mostly used for distribution).
According to the NF C15-100 regulation (1911 -> 2002), a general RCD not exceeding 100 à 300 mA at the top of the installation.
The type of the RCD (A, AC, F) depend of the type of the equipment that will be connected and max power of the plug.
Since June 2007 Germany requires the use of RCDs with a trip current of no more than 30 mA on sockets rated up to 32 A which are for general use.
a) For a place of public entertainment, protection against earth leakage current must be provided by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 10 mA.
b) For a place where the floor is likely to be wet or where the wall or enclosure is of low electrical resistance, protection against earth leakage current must be provided by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 10 mA.
c) For an installation where hand-held equipment, apparatus or appliance is likely to be used, protection against earth leakage current must be provided by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 30 mA.
d) For an installation other than the installation in (a), (b) and (c), protection against earth leakage current must be provided by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 100 mA.
In the latest guidelines for electrical wiring in residential buildings (2008) handbook, the overall residential wiring need to be protected by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 100 mA.
Additionally, all power sockets need to be protected by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 30 mA and all equipment in wet places (water heater, water pump) need to be protected by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 10 mA.
From January 2003, all new circuits originating at the switchboard supplying lighting or socket outlets (power points) in domestic buildings must have RCD protection.
Residential facilities (such as boarding houses, hospitals, hotels and motels) will also require RCD protection for all new circuits originating at the switchboard supplying socket outlets.
In North America socket-outlets located in places where an easy path to ground exists—such as wet areas and rooms with uncovered concrete floors—must be protected by a GFCI.
Beginning with underwater swimming pool lights (1968) successive editions of the code have expanded the areas where GFCIs are required to include: construction sites (1974), bathrooms and outdoor areas (1975), garages (1978), areas near hot tubs or spas (1981), hotel bathrooms (1984), kitchen counter sockets (1987), crawl spaces and unfinished basements (1990), near wet bar sinks (1993), near laundry sinks (2005) and in laundry rooms (2014).
GFCI sockets invariably have rectangular faces and accept so-called Decora face plates, and can be mixed with regular outlets or switches in a multi-gang box with standard cover plates.
In both Canada and the US older two-wire, ungrounded NEMA 1 sockets may be replaced with NEMA 5 sockets protected by a GFCI (integral with the socket or with the corresponding circuit breaker) in lieu of rewiring the entire circuit with a grounding conductor.
GFCIs approved for protection against electric shock trip at 5 mA within 25 ms. A GFCI device which protects equipment (not people) is allowed to trip as high as 30 mA of current; this is known as an Equipment Protective Device (EPD).
RCDs with trip currents as high as 500 mA are sometimes deployed in environments (such as computing centers) where a lower threshold would carry an unacceptable risk of accidental trips.
In the United States the American Boat and Yacht Council requires both GFCIs for outlets and Equipment Leakage Circuit Interrupters (ELCI) for the entire boat.
The difference is GFCIs trip on 5 mA of current whereas ELCIs trip on 30 mA after up to 100 ms.
Turkey requires the use of RCDs with no more than 30 mA and 300 mA in all new homes since 2004.
The previous editions of the IEE Electrical Wiring Regulations required use of RCDs for socket outlets that were liable to be used by outdoor appliances.
Normal practice in domestic installations was to use a single RCD to cover all the circuits requiring RCD protection (typically sockets and showers) but to have some circuits (typically lighting) not RCD protected.
To implement this arrangement it was common to install a consumer unit incorporating an RCD in what is known as a split load configuration, where one group of circuit breakers is supplied direct from the main switch (or time delay RCD in the case of a TT earth) and a second group of circuits is supplied via the RCD.
This arrangement had the recognised problems that cumulative earth leakage currents from the normal operation of many items of equipment could cause spurious tripping of the RCD, and that tripping of the RCD would disconnect power from all the protected circuits.
The current edition (18th) of the regulations requires that all socket outlets in most installations have RCD protection, though there are exemptions.
Provision of RCD protection for circuits present in bathrooms and shower rooms reduces the requirement for supplementary bonding in those locations.
Two RCDs may be used to cover the installation, with upstairs and downstairs lighting and power circuits spread across both RCDs.
The new requirements for RCDs do not affect most existing installations unless they are rewired, the distribution board is changed, a new circuit is installed, or alterations are made such as additional socket outlets or new cables buried in walls.
RCDs used for shock protection must be of the 'immediate' operation type (not time-delayed) and must have a residual current sensitivity of no greater than 30 mA.
If spurious tripping would cause a greater problem than the risk of the electrical accident the RCD is supposed to prevent (examples might be a supply to a critical factory process, or to life support equipment), RCDs may be omitted, providing affected circuits are clearly labelled and the balance of risks considered, this may include the provision of alternative safety measures.
Along with Louis Campau, Lucius Lyon is remembered as one of the founding fathers of Grand Rapids, Michigan, the state's second-largest city.
Lyon was born in Shelburne, Vermont on February 26, 1800, a son of Asa Lyon (1773–1850) and Sarah (Atwater) Lyon (1777–1813).
Lyon initially worked in Michigan as a teacher, then took up surveying, and was eventually appointed Deputy Surveyor General of Michigan Territory.
These studies enabled him to develop superior knowledge of Michigan Territory, including land and lakes, flora and fauna, and natural resources.
In 1829, he was commissioned to rebuild the Fort Gratiot Lighthouse at the entrance to the St. Clair River from Lake Huron.
When Michigan applied for statehood in the 1830s, action was delayed in Congress because Ohio objected to surrendering the Toledo Strip, which resulted in a conflict known as the Toledo War.
Lyon's detailed knowledge of Michigan's geography enabled him to make a persuasive argument to residents of Michigan that accepting the Upper Peninsula in lieu of the Toledo Strip was an equitable solution.
Congress delayed consideration of statehood, in part due to a dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip and also in part due to opposition from southern states to admit another free state.
From May 11 to June 24, 1835, he was a member of the convention that drafted the first Michigan Constitution, which voters adopted in October, 1835.
On March 28, 1836, Lyon was a witness to the Treaty of Washington of 1836, in which the Ottawa and Chippewa nations of Indians ceded much of the land in the northern portion of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.
He was also witness to a separate treaty on May 9, 1836 with the Chippewa in which additional land was ceded.
He was a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan from 1837 to 1839, and was appointed Indian commissioner at La Pointe, Wisconsin in 1839.
He was elected as a Democrat from the newly formed 2nd district in Michigan to the 28th Congress, serving one term from March 4, 1843 to March 3, 1845.
Lyon was also a major financial backer of Hiram Moore, an inventor and a founder of the village of Climax, Michigan.
Moore's designs were allegedly copied by Cyrus McCormick and despite many years of legal wrangling, Moore was unsuccessful in pursuing his patent claims.
He also owned a large tract of land in Grand Rapids, Michigan and engaged in a feud over platting the area with the other major land owner, Louis Campau.
Lyon is also remembered in Grand Rapids for attempting to commercialize salt deposits in the city by boring a hole and extracting salt from the brine water below.
Lyon professed the Swedenborgian religious faith and was an active advocate for temperance until he later became affiliated with the Washingtonian movement, which advocated the total abstinence from consuming alcohol.
South Lyon, Michigan, Lyon Township, Oakland County, Michigan, Lyon Township, Roscommon County, Michigan, Lyon Lake, Fredonia, Michigan and Lyons Township, Michigan are all named after Lucius Lyon.
Notably, in 1836, Lucius Lyon purchased much of the property in a small village in Ionia County, Michigan and renamed it Lyons, Michigan.
He platted the village, established the first post office and installed his brother, Truman, as the first postmaster, although he never lived in the village.
Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 – 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century.
However, according to his birth certificate, he was the son of Joseph Thalberg and Fortunée Stein who were both from Frankfurt-am-Main.
It is possible that his mother had brought him to Vienna at the age of 10 (the same year in which the 10-year-old Franz Liszt arrived there with his parents).
According to Thalberg's own account, he attended the first performance of Beethoven's 9th Symphony on 7 May 1824 in the Kärntnerthortheater.
Baroness von Wetzlar, his mother, who according to Wurzbach was occupied with his education during his childhood and early youth, was a brilliant amateur pianist.
Moscheles, according to a letter to Felix Mendelssohn of 14 August 1836, had the impression that Thalberg had already reached a level at which no further help would be needed in order to become a great artist.
Two days before, Clara had played the first solo of the 2nd Concerto of John Field to him, and, together with him, the first movement of a four handed Sonata of Hummel.
The fantasy was published in 1834 and became very popular; but on publication, it was criticised by some, for example by Robert Schumann.
According to Rudolph Apponyi's diary, Thalberg made a profit of 10,000 Francs, a sum which no virtuoso had gained before from a single concert.
While Liszt then gave over a dozen concerts, Thalberg gave only one concert on 12 March 1837 in the Paris Conservatoire, and a further concert on 2 April 1837.
In addition, on 31 March 1837, both Liszt and Thalberg played at a benefit concert to raise money for Italian refugees.
The fantasy was published at end of March 1839 and in May 1839 studied by Clara Wieck who was delighted by it.
After Thalberg's stay in London in May 1837, he made a first, short tour, giving concerts in several towns in Great Britain, but he became ill and soon returned to Vienna.
Thalberg left Paris on 18 April 1838, travelling to Vienna, the very day that Liszt gave there a charity concert for the benefit of the victims of a flood in Hungary.
In Leipzig he gave a concert on 28 December 1838, attended by Mendelssohn who on the following day, in a letter to his sister Fanny, gave an enthusiastic account.
After a second concert in Leipzig on 30 December 1838, Thalberg travelled to Berlin, to give a series of concerts there.
He returned to London at the beginning of February 1840, and then travelled from London to Paris together with Baroness Wetzlar, his mother, awaiting the arrival of Liszt.
Thalberg had already announced in December 1838, during his stay in Leipzig, that he would take time off at the end of his tour, and did not perform at any concert during his stay in spring 1840 in Paris.
He got an invitation from the Russian Tsarina and performed at a court-concert in Ems, but this was his only concert during his stay in the Rhineland.
In letters to Fétis of 17 May 1841, and to Simon Löwy of 20 May 1841, Liszt agreed with this analysis.
In the second half of January 1841, Thalberg travelled from Frankfurt to Weimar, where he performed three times at the Grand Duke's court and also in the Theatre.
In winter 1841–1842, Thalberg gave concerts in Italy, while Liszt, from end of December 1841 until beginning of March 1842, gave a series of concerts in Berlin.
According to an account by Berlioz, Thalberg made a profit of 12,000 Francs from his first, and of 13,000 Francs from his second concert.
In his review of Thalberg's second concert he wrote, Thalberg would in 100 years have been canonized, and by all coming pianists be invoked with name of Holy Thalberg.
According to the account by Berlioz, at the end of Thalberg's second concert a golden crown was thrown to the stage.
In the second half of November until 12 December 1842, he made a further tour in Great Britain, and in January 1843 he returned to Paris.
At end of March 1843 he performed at a private concert of Pierre Erard, but this was his only concert appearance during that season.
At a further concert in London he played a concerto for three pianos by J. S. Bach together with Moscheles and Mendelssohn.
After Thalberg's debut there on 10 November 1856, a performance marathon ensued, during which he spent eight months giving concerts 5 or 6 days a week.
By then he had visited nearly 80 cities and given more than 320 regular concerts in the United States and 20 concerts in Canada.
Thalberg also gave a series of solo matinees in New York and Boston at which he played own works as well as chamber music.
He got an average of about $500 per concert and probably made more than $150,000 during his two seasons, the equivalent today of about $3 million.
A large part of his appeal on these tours was his unpretentious and unassuming personality; he did not resort to advertising gimmicks or cheap crowd-pleasing tricks, instead offering superbly polished renditions of his own compositions, which had already been well known in America.
On rising from the piano, he was always the same quiet, respectable, self-possessed, middle-aged gentleman that he was at the dinner table of his hotel.
The true reason why Francesca Thalberg had left for America in June 1858 and shortly afterwards, together with her husband, very hastily returned to Europe is unknown.
A further possibility is that there may have been consideration of legitimizing Thalberg to enable him to succeed his natural father Prince Franz Joseph von Dietrichstein.
He suggested taking a position as piano professor at the conservatory in Naples, but it was defeated since an Italian nationality would be necessary.
When he died on 27 April 1871 he left behind a collection of many hundreds of autographs by famous composers, among them Bach, Handel, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert and others, even Liszt.
In the late 19th century, Thalberg's fame had come to depend on his association with a single piano technique, the 'three-hand effect'.
It is not a difficult trick, and it sounds (and looks) much harder than it is, but it was new in the 1830s and it caused a sensation.
The description was polemic, since in large parts of the piece the left hand plays a variety of firms: but thumb-melodies were not mentioned by Liszt.
When he was sixteen he moved to Brooklyn, where he studied harmony for a short time with an organist of that city.
For many years he was in the music publishing and selling business, first as a music clerk, and then in partnership with others.
It was discovered, however, that he had a splendid talent for writing simple piano pieces with well defined melodies and effective harmony.
Emmy Destinn ( (); 26 February 1878 – 28 January 1930) was a Czech operatic soprano with a strong and soaring lyric-dramatic voice.
Her voice teacher since age thirteen had been Marie Maria von Dreger Loewe-Destinn, and the young singer began using her teacher's surname as a tribute.
She made such progress that the intendant of the Berlin Court Opera engaged her at once when she was brought to intendant's notice.
She returned to her homeland after the start of the war in 1914, but her links with the patriotic Czech resistance caused her passport to be revoked.
By the time that she returned to the Met in 1919, her voice had become rusty and she had been replaced in the hearts of New York audiences by a new generation of singers, although she did still continue to sing with the company until 1920.
She retired from the stage in 1926 and died from a stroke in České Budějovice, Czechoslovakia a month before her 52nd birthday.
Hoff wrote the book at night and on weekends while working as a tree pruner in the Portland Japanese Garden in Washington Park in Portland, Oregon.
The book starts with a description of the vinegar tasters, which is a painting portraying the three great eastern thinkers, Confucius, the Buddha, and Laozi over a vat of vinegar.
Greyfriars School is a fictional English public school used as a setting in the long-running series of stories by the writer Charles Hamilton, who wrote under the pen-name of Frank Richards.
Although the stories are focused on the Remove (or lower fourth form), whose most famous pupil was Billy Bunter, other characters also featured on a regular basis.
The school lies on the fictional river Sark, upstream of the nearby village of Friardale and downstream of the market town of Courtfield.
In the early Magnet stories, this created a problem for the author in that inter-house rivalries are a useful source of plot conflicts in many fictional school stories.
To compensate for this, Frank Richards created three separate forms of similar age groups at Greyfriars (the Lower Fourth, the Fourth and the Upper Fourth) as well as rival characters in the neighbouring Highcliffe School.
As the stories developed, the time would come when plot conflicts would arise naturally from the minutely detailed characters that were fleshed out over the years.
The school is supervised by a Board of Governors, whose members include the buffoonish local landowner, Sir Hilton Popper, as well as Colonel Wharton and Major Cherry, both relatives of prominent characters in the Greyfriars Remove (Lower Fourth) form.
Boys spend most of the day in class, or in their spare time either in a common room, on the sports fields, or in shared studies; they sleep in shared dormitories.
While the masters naturally emphasise scholastic matters, for the pupils (and readership) it is physical activities that are at the heart of the school's ethos.
Prowess at sports is the best route to popularity and respect, while over-attainment at study is something of lesser, if not negative, importance.
Lesser punishments are lines (copying out a hundred lines from a Latin text by the classical author Virgil), or for really serious infractions among the older forms a 'book' (copying out a complete Latin text by Virgil, which might be up to 952 lines.
The exceptional volume of material produced by Hamilton over his writing career allowed both characters and locations to be developed in great depth.
In particular, he had little respect for professions or pretensions, and politicians, lawyers and stockbrokers are regularly at the sharp end of his cynical prose.
During the 1920s, the format gradually changed to serials; this was also a period of character development in which many of the large cast of characters were given their own storylines in turn.
Hamilton's response to this criticism was presented in an article published in the same magazine shortly afterwards, in which he rebutted each of Orwell’s points.
Other commentators have challenged the view that Hamilton’s work can be narrowly categorised as right wing, drawing attention to examples of his output that demonstrate strong independent views.
Over the years, Hamilton was ever ready to air unfashionable causes to his young audience, but did so in a way that did not attract controversy or jeopardise publication of his stories.
The extraordinary volume of output of Greyfriars stories inevitably meant that plotlines and themes were repeated, though usually involving different characters and novel twists.
In the early years, this often meant stories that were resolved across 1–2 issues; but by the early 1930s a series would typically take 8–12 weekly issues to play out.
An oft-repeated theme involves the arrival of a new character at the school who turns out to be not quite what he seems.
1209 to 1219) and immediately becomes one of the most popular men in the school: handsome, easy going and a fine cricketer.
In two of these cases Herbert Vernon-Smith has his suspicions – in one case he is proved right, and ends up in danger as a result; in the other case he is disastrously wrong, suspecting the undercover detective assigned to the case and befriending the real villain.
A variation on the former theme was the arrival of a new boy who turns out to be the secret enemy of an established Greyfriars character.
1059 to 1067), when new arrival Arthur Da Costa attempts to disgrace Harry Wharton in an attempt to disinherit him of a large fortune.
Coker’s younger cousin, Edgar Caffyn, one of the most unpleasant characters ever to appear in the stories, arrives at the school in 1935 (Magnets Nos.
It is Billy Bunter’s turn in 1938, when his relation Arthur Carter, having been expelled from his previous school, has been disinherited by a wealthy uncle.
Vernon is startlingly similar to Vernon-Smith in appearance, which allows a number of dramatic situations to develop before Vernon’s real purpose in coming to Greyfriars is revealed.
Usually, the two doppelgängers are of opposite character types, and are continuously mistaken for each other, enabling a number of plot conflicts to develop.
As well as the Bertie Vernon series, mentioned above, other doppelgängers have included Billy Bunter's cousin Wally, Peter Todd's cousin Alonzo and Harry Wharton's relative Ralph Stacey (Magnets Nos.
A typical storyline would involve an act of injustice or tyranny resulting in the juniors rising up in open rebellion against authority.
501 to 505), in which a new head master, Mr Jeffreys, institutes a severe punishment regime, causing the Remove to lead a rebellion against his rule that ends in Mr Jeffreys being driven out by the whole school.
Led and financed by Lord Mauleverer, the Remove walk out of Greyfriars, set up their own school at High Oaks and defend it against a number of attempts to forcibly return them to Greyfriars.
Newcomer Otto van Tromp grievously injures Dr. Locke in an unscrupulous scheme to install his uncle, Mr. Brander, as the new headmaster of Greyfriars.
In this, the pair enlist the assistance of the debt-laden chairman of the Greyfriars governors, Sir Hilton Popper, who owes money to Brander.
Van Tromp becomes head prefect and abuses his position to such an extent that the Remove rise up in open rebellion and barricade themselves in the Remove passage.
Mr. Quelch, meanwhile, is dismissed by Brander, but invokes the school statutes that allow a dismissed master of long standing to remain at the school until his appeal is heard by the governors.
The Remove rise up in his support and build a fortified camp on Popper Island, which they successfully defend against a number of assaults by the prefects and other seniors.
Fifth form master Mr Prout takes over as temporary headmaster and appoints the bullying Gerald Loder as Head Prefect; as a result, a tyrannical regime develops at the school.
Although the Secret Seven has over 30 members, only 7, wearing masks, are ever seen to take part in active operations at any one time.
The Magnet gave away a number of detective-themed promotional gifts over the course of the series which were featured in the narrative of the stories.
After Dr Locke is again incapacitated in 1937, the temporary headmastership passes this time to Mr Hacker, unpopular Master of the Shell, who is supported by Sixth form bully Arthur Carne.
The resultant tyranny again prompts the Remove to fight back; this time, they march out of the school and barricade themselves in the tuckshop (Magnets Nos.
The summer holiday break, between the summer and Michaelmas terms, saw the Greyfriars juniors depart on a number of adventures away from the school.
The early Magnets saw some short trips to Europe, but it was not until 1922 that the first proper foreign travel series appeared.
960 to 970) the juniors travel to Bhanipur with Colonel Wharton to ensure Hurree Singh's throne is kept safe against the machinations of foreign spies.
1092 to 1107), when Mr Fish took a party of juniors and seniors all the way across the United States to Hollywood to make a school film.
Though the trip was sold to the school and parents as educational, the primary purpose of the trip was to make films with real schoolboys without paying them Hollywood rates.
The juniors went to the US for a second time in 1938 (Magnets Nos.1573 to 1582), this time to Texas, where they encountered another of Charles Hamilton's characters, the Rio Kid.
1277 to 1284) follows the adventures of Billy Bunter, accompanied by Lord Mauleverer and the Famous Five, across Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to the North African deserts (a locale previously visited in the Sahara series of 1925).
They are pursued by the villain Konstantine Kalizelos, who is convinced the schoolboys have a clue to the whereabouts of a fabulous lost jewel.
Author Charles Hamilton never visited Egypt, and the authenticity of many of the descriptions and scenes in this series is remarkable.
In particular, the characterisation of two Egyptians, the millionaire Hilmi Maroudi and the lower caste guide, Hassan the Dragoman, has won acclaim.
These stories were partially reprinted in the Schoolboys Own Libraries before World War II and again by Armada in the 1970s, but both omitted the conclusion of the series.
Accompanied by Billy Bunter, the Famous Five and the detective Ferrers Locke, he returns to China via Hong Kong and Singapore.
The author draws a vivid picture of a very different China ruled by Mandarins – a colourful land rich in history and ancient customs.
The Remove is the home of the main protagonists in the stories, including the Famous Five, Billy Bunter, and Herbert Vernon-Smith.
Most of these arrived as a central character in a particular storyline, and disappeared shortly afterwards, having either been expelled or simply not mentioned again.
Of the 39 characters in the list, it is noteworthy that it took the author 559 weeks to assemble 38 of them.
The description by Walter Baldwin Spencer was published in 1897, using a specimen provided by a European correspondent, Mr. Gillen, who had settled at Alice Springs.
The hind limbs resemble the macropods, roos and wallabies, and the syndactyly that is typical of diprotodonts, the combined second and third toes of the hindfeet.
The body is small and head that is proportionally long, narrow and pointed to suit its use in investigating the sand while digging.
Like other peramelids, the females have a rear facing pouch and possessed eight teats, the number of young may also have been as many as four although the only reports are of a female bearing two young.
The last known specimen was collected in 1943 on the Canning Stock Route in Western Australia, and the species is presumed to be extinct.
It appears to have been common in the remote north-west of South Australia, the south-west of the Northern Territory, and the central part of Western Australia at least until the 1930s.
Unconfirmed reports suggest that its range may have extended to the Tanami Desert and the arid Western Australian coast between Broome and Port Hedland.
While the cause of its decline remains uncertain, it is thought to be related to the changed burning regimes that followed the removal of Aboriginal people from the central Australian deserts.
A simple burrow was lined with sticks and leaves, scraped or dug at the ground beneath a shrub or spinifex tussock, and this provided refuge while it rested during the day.
Foraging activity was nocturnal, and like other bandicoots, left a conical hole as it dug and investigated an area with its claws and long snout.
This bandicoot was eaten by indigenous peoples, who captured the animal by blocking the entrance of its nest with one foot and removing the trapped animal by hand.
Brennan attended Boston College and the University of Maine School of Law, and became Cumberland County District Attorney before winning election to the Maine House of Representatives (1965–1971) and the Maine Senate (1973–1975).
His first statewide candidacy was for Governor in 1974; he lost the Democratic nomination to George J. Mitchell, whom he would later appoint to the U.S. Senate.
When he was District Attorney his Munjoy Hill was shot up with bullets landing by his infant daughter, this led Brennan to support the a ban on assault style weapons in America.
He would face Collins in another statewide election in 1996, running for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Bill Cohen, a race which Collins won.
In 1999, President Bill Clinton nominated Brennan to serve as a commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission, a small independent agency that regulates shipping between the U.S. and foreign countries.
It detects small stray voltages on the metal enclosures of electrical equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a dangerous voltage is detected.
For many years, the voltage operated ELCB and the differential current operated ELCB were both referred to as ELCBs because it was a simpler name to remember.
If the wrong type was used on an installation, the level of protection given could be substantially less than that intended, in particular the voltage operated type can only protect against faults or shocks to metalwork connected to the circuit ground, connected to the VOELCB, it cannot detect current leaving a live wire and running to ground by another path, such as via a person standing on the earth.
An ELCB is a specialised type of latching relay that has a building's incoming mains power connected through its switching contacts so that the ELCB disconnects the power when earth leakage is detected.
If sufficient voltage appears across the ELCB's sense coil, it will switch off the power, and remain off until manually reset.
Voltage ELCBs have been in widespread use since then, and many are still in operation but are no longer installed in new construction.
A voltage-operated ELCB detects a rise in potential between the protected interconnected metalwork (equipment frames, conduits, enclosures) and a distant isolated Earth reference electrode.
They operate at a detected potential of around 50 volts to open a main breaker and isolate the supply from the protected premises.
The Earth circuit is modified when an ELCB is used; the connection to the Earth rod is passed through the ELCB by connecting to its two Earth terminals.
One terminal goes to the installation Earth CPC (circuit protective conductor, aka Earth wire), and the other to the Earth rod (or sometimes other type of Earth connection).
In balance condition, the flux due to the current through the phase wire will be neutralized by the current through the neutral wire, since the current, which flows from the phase will be returned to the neutral.
Therefore, by electrically separating cable armour from the cable circuit protective conductor, an ELCB can be arranged to protect against cable damage only, and not trip on faults in downline installations.
2) Voltage sensing ELCB's will also trip on DC current faults to ground which a transformer interfaced RCD/RCCB is unable to sense, with similar issues with frequencies significantly above mains frequency.
This may lead to ground faults on variable speed drives between the drive electronics and motor not being detected for example.
It is not unusual for ELCB protected installation to have a second unintentional connection to Earth somewhere, one that does not pass through the ELCB sense coil.
This can occur via metal pipework in contact with the ground, metal structural framework, outdoor home appliances in contact with soil, and so on.
The purpose of the ELCB is to prevent Earthed metalwork rising to a dangerous voltage during fault conditions, and the ELCB continues to do this just the same, the ELCB will still cut the power at the same CPC voltage level.
While voltage and current on the earth line is usually fault current from a live wire, this is not always the case, thus there are situations in which an ELCB can nuisance trip.
When an installation has two connections to Earth, a nearby high current lightning strike will cause a voltage gradient in the soil, presenting the ELCB sense coil with enough voltage to cause it to trip.
If the installation's Earth rod is placed close to the Earth rod of a neighbouring building, a high Earth leakage current in the other building can raise the local ground potential and cause a voltage difference across the two Earths, again tripping the ELCB.
On one hand ELCBs are on average older, and hence tend to have less well developed filtering against nuisance trips, and on the other hand ELCBs are inherently immune to some of the causes of false trips RCDs suffer, and are generally less sensitive than RCDs.
This may occur due to older equipment, or equipment with heating elements, or even wiring in buildings in the tropics where prolonged damp and rain conditions can cause the insulation resistance to lower due to moisture tracking.
If there is a 30 mA protective device in use and there is a 10 mA burden from various sources then the unit will trip at 20 mA.
The individual items may each be electrically safe but a large number of small burden currents accumulates and reduces the tripping level.
Heating elements of the tubular form are filled with a very fine powder that can absorb moisture if the element has not be used for some time.
In the tropics, this may occur, for example if a clothes drier has not been used for a year or a large water boiler used for coffee, etc.
In such cases, if the unit is allowed to power up without RCD protection then it will normally dry out and successfully pass inspection.
This issue is the same in principle with ELCBs and RCDs, but ELCBs are on average much older and specifications have improved considerably over the years, so an old ELCB is more likely to have some fault current waveform that it will not respond to.
If either of the Earth wires become disconnected from the ELCB, it will no longer trip and the installation will often no longer be properly Earthed.
The Subaru B9 Scrambler (also known as the Subaru B9SC) is an open two-seat concept sports car from Subaru featuring classic styling.
It was designed with influence from Subaru's aircraft heritage, with the front end appearing to look like the cross section of an airliner, with a central jet intake and wings.
In the SSHEV, the electric motor alone is used to move the car up to , at which point the gasoline engine takes over.
Front and rear-facing cameras, coupled with a radar system are used in an intelligent cruise control and lane departure warning system.
It was the first animated feature film to receive an X rating in the United States and the most successful independent animated feature to date.
Crumb states that much of the comic books he enjoyed as a child were funny animal comics, particularly those of Carl Barks.
I can put more nonsense, more satire and fantasy into the animals ... they're also easier to do than people ... With people I try more for realism, which is probably why I'm generally better with animals.
Winston is also a character featured in the 1972 film, as is this storyline—Fritz's Volkswagen Beetle dodging big rig trucks on the highway in the middle of the night and later running out of gas in the middle of nowhere.
In this debut story, Fritz brings a young female cat home and strips all her clothes off before getting on top of her to pick fleas off of her.
Although Kurtzman agreed to publish the story, he requested that Crumb alter the final two panels; the published version depicted Fritz standing next to her.
In this episode Fritz is a guitar-playing pop idol and he brings Fred, a female pigeon groupie, to his hotel room and proceeds to eat her.
In 1969, Ballantine Books paid Crumb a $5,000 advance for the publication rights to a compilation of three stories featuring Fritz.
In 2017, Crumb's original cover art for the Ballantine collection sold at auction for $717,000, the highest sale price to that point for any piece of American cartoon art.
After meeting with Bakshi, Crumb loaned him one of his sketchbooks as a reference, but was unsure of the film's production and refused to sign the contract.
Bakshi and Crumb were unable to reach an agreement after two weeks of negotiations but Krantz secured the film rights from Crumb's wife, Dana, who had a power of attorney.
The four-page piece portrayed the Fritz character as a jaded and complacent Hollywood star going through the motions of celebrities of the day: appearing on talk shows, commercials, and telethons mouthing vaguely liberal platitudes, before cynically guiding the conversation over to promoting his next movie.
Other comics cats make appearances, including Felix the Cat, Krazy Kat, and underground comix cats Pat (from Jay Lynch's Nard n' Pat) and Kim Deitch's Waldo.
While in his first year studying medicine at Harvard Medical School, Krauthammer became permanently paralyzed from the waist down after suffering a diving board accident that severed his spinal cord at cervical spinal nerve 5.
After spending 14 months recovering in a hospital, he returned to medical school, graduating to become a psychiatrist involved in the creation of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III in 1980.
He joined the Carter administration in 1978 as a director of psychiatric research, eventually becoming the speechwriter to Vice President Walter Mondale in 1980.
In August 2017, due to his battle with cancer, Krauthammer stopped writing his column and serving as a Fox News contributor.
His father, Shulim Krauthammer (November 23, 1904 – June 1987), was from Bolekhiv, Ukraine (then the Austro-Hungarian Empire), and later became a naturalized citizen of France.
At that time, McGill University was a hotbed of radical sentiment, something that Krauthammer said influenced his dislike of political extremism.
The following year, after graduating from McGill, he studied as a Commonwealth Scholar in politics at Balliol College, Oxford, before returning to the United States to attend medical school at Harvard.
From 1975 through 1978, Krauthammer was a resident in psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, serving as chief resident his final year.
An immediate bestseller, the book remained on The New York Times bestseller list for 38 weeks and spent 10 weeks in a row at number one.
A fellow member of the Council, Janet D. Rowley, insists that Krauthammer's vision was still an issue far in the future and not a topic to be discussed at the present time.
In March 2009, Krauthammer was invited to the signing of an executive order by President Barack Obama at the White House but declined to attend because of his fears about the cloning of human embryos and the creation of normal human embryos solely for purposes of research.
Objecting to declaring global warming settled science, he contended that much that is believed to be settled turns out not to be so.
The phrase was a reference to the American foreign policy of supporting anti-communist insurgencies around the globe (most notably Nicaragua, Angola, and Afghanistan) as a response to the Brezhnev Doctrine and reflected a U.S. foreign policy that went beyond containment of the Soviet Union to rollback of recent Soviet influence in the Third World.
The policy, which was strongly supported by Heritage Foundation foreign policy analysts and other conservatives, was ultimately embraced by Reagan's senior national security and foreign policy officials.
Krauthammer predicted that the bipolar world of the Cold War would give way not to a multipolar world in which the U.S. was one of many centers of power, but a unipolar world dominated by the United States with a power gap between the most powerful state and the second most powerful state that would exceed any other in history.
While he supported the 1991 Gulf War on the grounds of both humanitarianism and strategic necessity (preventing Saddam Hussein from gaining control of the Persian Gulf and its resources), he opposed American intervention in the Yugoslav Wars on the grounds that America should not be committing the lives of its soldiers to purely humanitarian missions in which there is no American national interest at stake.
Krauthammer strongly opposed the Oslo accords and said that Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasir Arafat would use the foothold it gave him in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to continue the war against Israel that he had ostensibly renounced in the Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition.
Unlike many conservatives, he supported Israel's Gaza withdrawal as a step toward rationalizing the frontiers between Israel and a future Palestinian state.
On September 12, 2001, he wrote that, if the suspicion that bin Laden was behind the attack proved correct, the United States had no choice but to go to war in Afghanistan.
The threat of mass death on a scale never before seen residing in the hands of an unstable madman is intolerable—and must be preempted.
In July 2017 following the release by Donald Trump Jr. of the email chain about the Trump Tower meeting on June 9, 2016, Krauthammer opined that even bungled collusion is still collusion.
He attended a school where half the day was devoted to secular studies and half the day was devoted to religious education conducted in Hebrew.
By the time he graduated from high school at the age of 16, Krauthammer was able to write philosophical essays in Hebrew.
His father demanded that he learn Talmud; in addition to his school's required Talmud studies, Krauthammer took extra Talmud classes three days a week.
This was not enough for his father who hired a rabbi to provide private instruction on the Talmud three nights a week.
It stands up to the Greeks, stands up to the philosophers of the age, and it gave me sort of a renewed commitment to and respect for my own tradition, which I already knew, but was ready to throw away.
In 1974, Krauthammer married his wife, Robyn, a lawyer who stopped practicing law in order to focus on her work as an artist.
He was influenced by his study of Maimonides at McGill University with Rabbi David Hartman, the head of Jerusalem's Shalom Hartman Institute and professor of philosophy at McGill during Krauthammer's student days.
He was co-founder of Pro Musica Hebraica, a not-for-profit organization devoted to presenting Jewish classical music, much of it lost or forgotten, in a concert hall setting.
The surgery was thought to have been successful; however, on June 8, 2018, Krauthammer announced that his cancer had returned and that doctors had given him only weeks to live.
His parents died when he was a child and the young François was raised by his great-grandmother, Marie Josephe Spoturno, and after her death, by his grandmother, Anna Maria Belone Spoturno, who lived in Marseille.
On his return to Paris in 1900, he visited the Exposition Universelle (1900), (event of the Belle Époque), got married and in 1904, Coty set off to sell his scents to department stores, boutiques, and barbershops, but initially met with little success.
Coty's entire stock was gone in a few minutes and the store offered him a place on the selling floor for his products.
Lalique's designs for Coty were in the Art Nouveau style that was prevalent in the period, and incorporated classic Art Nouveau themes such as nature, flowers, and female figures.
By combining natural essences and synthetic products from suppliers such as Firmenich, he was abble to reduce the costs of production.
His perfumes, in their Lalique and Baccarat bottles, were aimed at the luxury market, but he also sold perfume in smaller, plainer bottles affordable to middle and working-class women.
Coty also invented the idea of a fragrance set, a gift box containing identically scented items, such as a perfume and matching powder, soap, cream, and cosmetics.
Give a woman the best product to be made, market it in the perfect flask, beautiful in its simplicity yet impeccable in its taste, ask a reasonable price for it, and you will witness the birth of a business the size of which the world has never seen.
Many American soldiers had been stationed in France during the war and they brought back Coty perfumes to their wives and relatives.
In 1921, with the help of executive Jean Despres, Coty created an American subsidiary in New York to handle the assembly and distribution of its products in the American market.
The American offices assembled their own Coty products from raw materials sent by the Parisian factories, thus avoiding the high tariffs on luxury products in the United States.
Coty soon expanded his product line to include cosmetics and skin care, and expanded his distribution network to Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
His wealth allowed him to play a role during the années folles, financially funding artistic, early aeronautic endeavours and scientific undertakings.
His sponsorship included supporting his native Corsica, participating in the development of the electrical infrastructure for the city of Ajaccio, building affordable housing, and establishing a World War I monument.
He provided financial support to the French Olympic committee for the 1928 Summer Olympics and toward the attempts of Costes and Bellonte to break aeronautic world records by crossing the Atlantic from Paris To New York in 1930, and the tragic attempt by pilots Joseph Le Brix and René Mesmin, to break the world record for distance flying..
Coty’s contributions additionally supported the establishment of a new research laboratory for physicist Édouard Branly (radio communications forerunner) within the Catholic institute of Paris and provided support for numerous artists as well as the French Academy in Rome.
Despite his largesse, Coty was left out of the group appointed to oversee the fund, possibly because of his controversial political views.
Coty was a bonapartist, nationalist, fervent defender of a strong Republic with a preponderance of executive power, like a number of his fellow citizens, in this period of the Third Republic.
In his Reform of the State, he proposed the election of the President of the Republic by direct universal suffrage, including women's votes, with a term of seven years and the possibility of holding two terms, as well as the creation of a supreme court.
His first major purchase was the Château de Longchamp in 1906, near the Bois de Boulogne, once the property of the famous French civic planner, Georges Haussmann.
Over a period of 20 years, Coty rebuilt d'Artigny in a grandiose fashion, installing custom-built kitchens, ballrooms, and a large fresco depicting himself, his family, friends, and even his mistresses.
During the 1920s, he resided with his family in a mansion at Avenue Raphael in the Bois de Boulogne, which Coty had rebuilt with etched-glass panels, a stair rail, and a glass ceiling designed by Lalique.
Coty's most famous acquisition was the hunting pavilion of Louveciennes near Saint-Germain-en-Laye, designed by Claude Nicholas Ledoux for Madame du Barry, mistress of Louis XV.
Coty had Louveciennes rebuilt to match Ledoux's original plan, but enlarged it to include a perfume laboratory and a third story.
Their divorce settlement stipulated that Coty would pay his ex-wife several millions of francs in three installments, but in 1931 Coty defaulted on the last payment, citing financial hardship.
Over the next few years, divorce courts ruled in favor of Yvonne, and granted her ownership of most of Coty's fortune and his newspapers.
In 1963, Yvonne sold Coty Inc. to pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, with the stipulation that no member of the Coty family would be involved in the company.
Under Pfizer, the company began to distribute its perfumes almost exclusively through drugstores, instead of in department stores as it had previously done.
François Coty was a pioneer in the field of perfumery, creating countless masterpieces, many now preserved in the archives of the Osmothèque.
He was admitted on the foundation of Westminster School in 1676, and in 1682 became a scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, becoming a fellow of his college in 1687.
Through his friend Charles Montagu, afterwards Earl of Halifax, he entered the diplomatic service, and in 1692 was sent as envoy to Brandenburg.
He represented William III at various other German courts, and in 1702 was sent to Vienna, where he had already acted as envoy in 1693.
In 1705 Prince Eugene of Savoy requested Stepney's withdrawal on the grounds of his alleged favouritism towards the Hungarian insurgents, but the demand was taken back at the request of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, who had great confidence in Stepney.
In the following year he returned to England in the hope of recovering from a severe illness, but died in Chelsea, London, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Much of his official and other correspondence is preserved in the letters and papers of Sir John Ellis (British Library Add MS 28875-28956), purchased from the Earl of Macclesfield in 1872, and others are available in the record office.
He contributed a version of the eighth satire of Juvenal to the translation (1693) of the satires by John Dryden and others.
In electronics, a sample and hold (also known as sample and follow) circuit is an analog device that samples (captures, takes) the voltage of a continuously varying analog signal and holds (locks, freezes) its value at a constant level for a specified minimum period of time.
A typical sample and hold circuit stores electric charge in a capacitor and contains at least one switching device such as a FET (field effect transistor) switch and normally one operational amplifier.
The buffer amplifier charges or discharges the capacitor so that the voltage across the capacitor is practically equal, or proportional to, input voltage.
If the input value was permitted to change during this comparison process, the resulting conversion would be inaccurate and possibly unrelated to the true input value.
For practically all commercial liquid crystal active matrix displays based on TN, IPS or VA electro-optic LC cells (excluding bi-stable phenomena), each pixel represents a small capacitor, which has to be periodically charged to a level corresponding to the greyscale value (contrast) desired for a picture element.
In order to maintain the level during a scanning cycle (frame period), an additional electric capacitor is attached in parallel to each LC pixel to better hold the voltage.
Instead, the charge on the hold capacitors controls the deformation of the LC molecules and thereby the optical effect as its output.
This does not allow the eye to refresh and can lead to blurring during motion sequences, also the transition is visible between frames because the backlight is constantly illuminated, adding to display motion blur.
To keep the input voltage as stable as possible, it is essential that the capacitor have very low leakage, and that it not be loaded to any significant degree which calls for a very high input impedance.
The Octane was the direct successor to the Indigo2, and itself was succeeded by the Tezro, and its immediate sibling was the O2.
This means it does not use a system bus; instead it has a Crossbow application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), referred to as Xbow, a dynamic crossbar switch that connects the XIO ports to the hub.
One of the ports is used for the processor and memory subsystem, one is available for PCI-X expansion and four are XIO slots (packet-based high-bandwidth bus, somewhat similar to HyperTransport).
This bridging included the system board (for the IOC3 multi-I/O chip, two ISP1040B SCSI controllers and RAD1 audio), MENET cards (four IOC3s) and the PCI cage (used for PCI cards in Octane).
The first revision (part number 030-0887-003) supports 2 GB of RAM, while the second (part number 030-1467-001) allows up to 8 GB.
The memory subsystem has vast reserves of bandwidth that can be directly served by the Xbow router to any XIO card.
These are updated XIO versions of Solid Impact (SI), High Impact (SI+T) and Maximum Impact (MXI) from the SGI Indigo2 that were internally designated by SGI as 'MARDIGRAS'.
The boards were accelerated and reengineered with faster geometry engine and texture modules to create their new versions: SE, SE+T, SSE, MXE.
The '+T' indicates an additional high speed Rambus RDRAM-based texture board which gives 4 MB of texture memory, which is practically indispensable, though quite expensive and fragile.
The SI/SE+T has one texture board while the MXI/MXE has 2 texture boards, however, the 2 boards in the MXI/MXE do not double the available texture memory to the system.
The main differentiator being that the V6 has 32 MB of RAM (unlike the MARDIGRAS option, framebuffer memory and texture memory come from the same pool) and V8 having 128 MB.
The main difference with the new VPro V10/V12 series is that they had double the geometry performance of the older V6/V8.
V6 and V10 can have up to 8 MB RAM allocated to textures (2X more than the textured-enabled MARDIGRAS options), while V8 and V12 can have up to 108 MB RAM used for textures.
As with the MARDIGRAS boards, all VPro boards support the OpenGL (MARDIGRAS is OpenGL 1.1 + SGI Extensions, while VPro upgraded support to OpenGL 1.2) and OpenGL ARB imaging extensions, allowing for hardware acceleration of numerous imaging operations at real-time rates.
Note: Only cards with texture memory offer hardware accelerated texturing, however you can add hardware texturing to TRAMless card by adding TRAM modules to it.
Octanes can use standard PCI cards with optional PCI cardcage (which provides 2-full length and 1 half-length 5V PCI-64 slots), or a PCI to XIO adapter (known as a 'shoehorn' which provides a single 3.3/5V 64-bit PCI slot).
Older Octanes can be upgraded with VPro graphics however V10 and V12 graphics board require xbow revision 1.4 and Cherokee power supply.
VPro-class graphics have been supported since IRIX version 6.5.10 for V6 and V8, with V10 and V12 graphics supported as of 6.5.11 (or 6.5.10 with a special driver patch).
Owned and operated by Pacific Star Network from studios in Richmond, it broadcast a classic rock format on 1377 AM and DAB+ digital radio.
3MP began transmission 21 July 1976, as Melbourne's seventh commercial radio station and the city's first new commercial station in over 40 years.
The station first broadcast from a transmitter located at Rowville on 1380 kHz AM, changing to 1377 kHz AM in 1978, with its initial music format being a one-for-one mix of solid gold and current Top 40 music.
When the station first opened, the transmitter at Rowville was connected to the Frankston studios via a microwave link which had been purchased second-hand from the MMBW (Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works).
The microwave link was licensed to be operated as a 'backup link' should the mandatory PMG (now Telstra) landline fail, but the quality of the microwave link was far superior to the landline and was used as the primary link between the two sites.
The two transmitters were (at the time) state-of-the-art RCA AM solid-state stereo transmitters and were connected to a directional antenna array which focused the signal in a south easterly direction roughly covering the Mornington Peninsula.
The transmitter site was located in the middle of a small dairy farm near the corner of Wellington and Stud Roads, Rowville.
At the time of construction, the transmitter had no access to 3-phase power due to the lack of power transmission lines.
For the first months of operation, the transmitter was powered by two 188kVA diesel generators, one of which was installed as the transmitter's backup power generator and the other which was hired for the duration.
During this time, the transmitter needed to be manned on a 24hr basis to ensure the generators were fueled and remained in service, and to ensure that the power supply to the transmitter was efficiently cut-over from one generator to the other in case of generator maintenance or failure.
During this time, there was an issue with the directional array, it was functioning abnormally with the main lobe and back lobe shifting in a random fashion.
After considerable technical analysis, and having not found any technical reason for the shifting lobes, a rigger was sent up the two masts to re-tighten the bolts of the antenna sections.
The transmitter was shut down to allow the rigger to traverse the mast's insulator and climb onto the antenna proper, then the transmitter was turned on and while the rigger was tightening the bolts on the mast sections, the transmitter power and lobe direction were monitored.
Suddenly there was a scream from the direction of the mast and, fearing the worst, the transmitter was immediately shut down.
He had found the section with loose bolts by gripping onto it with his hand, thus forming a circuit and burning his hand.
Technical design of 3MP's leading edge studios and transmitter was by 3MP's Chief Engineer Murray Korff and was installed by RCA technicians Jim McGrath and John Inneswith.
Korff and radio engineer David Wilson divided their time between the studios and the transmitter, working around the clock with the assistance of consultants, Broadcasting Control Board engineers, sub-contractors, telephone technicians and enthusiasts.
The leading edge, completely solid-state studio panels and transmitter controls were designed and manufactured by Poul Kirk Electronics Pty Ltd from Perth, Western Australia.
The first telephone call made through 3MP's new studio console and its solid-state delay line was made by Brian Bury to Mrs Aleida Wessels, who refused to believe that it was him making the call.
Although the original Articles of Association prohibited any one person from owning more than 5% of the shares in Mornington Peninsula Broadcasters Ltd, the station was sold outright to AWA in 1980.
The perception of senior, Melbourne based management at the National Nine television network which owned 3AK was that the format did not attract the sort of younger, more impulsive, listeners that had high disposable incomes so therefore were seen to not be attractive to advertisers.
3MP, which at the time was broadcasting a 'hits and memories' format, saw the gap in the market, and within two weeks of 3AK's format change, 3MP had completely revamped its music library, on-air personnel and image to adopt an easy listening format.
Following the change, 3MP's previously modest ratings grew strongly, and it became a real competitor with the top FM stations, as well as dominant talkback station 3AW.
In 1987, the station changed hands once again, with 3MP, along with sister stations 2GN Goulburn, 3BO Bendigo, 4CA Cairns, 4TO Townsville and 6KY Perth, purchased by Wesgo Communications for A$40 million.
However, following complaints from Triple M, Gold FM, Fox FM and 3AW, the Australian Broadcasting Authority ruled against this, and in 1994 Wesgo launched oldies formatted 'Magic 693', ending the simulcast.
Magic 693's format, along with coverage of weekend AFL matches, proved successful as ratings climbed, albeit at the displacement of 3MP.
In 1995, the stations were sold to Southern Cross Broadcasting, which at the time operated 3AW and 3AK, and the newsroom used by both 3EE and 3MP closed.
In December 2009, existing operator Pacific Star Network and Macquarie Radio Network, the owner of top rating Sydney talkback radio station 2GB, agreed to create the joint-venture 'Melbourne Radio Operations Pty Ltd', to supply radio programming in the Melbourne market.
In April 2010, the two signed an interim agreement to launch a new talkback station MTR 1377 - replacing 3MP on 1377 kHz.
The station was seen as a reboot of the failed 3AK Talk format, this time mostly Sydney based 2GB programming - to compete against incumbent 3AW.
Unfortunately for Macquarie Media and 2GB, the MTR Melbourne station achieved little listener traction, and struggled for both advertising support and listener interest throughout its short life.
In October 2011, the Australian Communications and Media Authority, acting on a complaint, shut down a pirate radio station operating from the Melbourne suburb of Chadstone, re-broadcasting the MyMP signal on AM radio.
However, the aggressive right-wing nature of MTR's talkback format proved to be a failure, and, with the Pacific Star/Macquarie Radio joint-venture entering administration, on 2 March 2012 MyMP reappeared on 1377 AM, after a short simulcast of sister station SEN. From 7 March, MyMP's announcers returned, with John Tamb on breakfast, Mark Johnson on afternoons and Eddie Olek on drive/evenings.
In April 2012, 3MP was granted a power increase to better cover the northern and western areas of Melbourne - first applied for while operating as MTR.
In July, the newsroom shared between 3MP and sister station 1116 SEN was closed, replaced with a service from Macquarie National News.
On 13 August 2018, Classic Rock Radio ceased to exist replacing it with an Expansion of 1116 SEN on 1377 as SEN+.
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HTML-like labels are only available on versions of Graphviz that are newer than mid-November 2003, in particular, they are not considered as part of release 1.10.
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The square on the right is not a perfect square and some labels are not next to the related arrow ((g o f)') and some overlap the arrows.
Their best known line-up consisted of lead vocalist Brian Connolly, bass player Steve Priest, guitarist Andy Scott, and drummer Mick Tucker.
Connolly left the group in 1979 to start a solo career and the remaining members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1981.
The two surviving members are still active in their respective versions of the band; Scott's is based in the UK and Priest's in the US.
Phil Kenton joined on drums as the band changed its name to Wainwright's Gentlemen (due to there being another band known as Unit 4).
In January 1964 the band came fifth in a national beat group contest, with finals held at the Lyceum Strand on 4 May 1964.
The track includes Gillan on vocals, Tucker on drums and, according to band bassist Jan Frewer, is thought to have been recorded in 1965.
Fairminer's position was eventually assumed by Frank Torpey - a schoolfriend of Tucker's who had just left West London group The Tribe (aka The Dream).
The quartet made its public debut at the Pavilion in Hemel Hempstead on 9 March 1968 and soon developed a following on the pub circuit, which led to a contract with Fontana Records.
At the time, another UK band released a single under the same name Sweetshop, so the band abbreviated their moniker to The Sweet.
Stewart had some rock pedigree, having previously worked with The (Ealing) Redcaps and Simon Scott & The All-Nite Workers in the mid-1960s.
In late 1965, that band became The Phil Wainman Set when the future Sweet producer joined on drums and the group cut some singles with Errol Dixon.
Connolly and Tucker had a chance meeting with Wainman, who was now producing, and knew of two aspiring songwriters, Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman, who were looking for a group to sing over some demos they had written together.
The band rehearsed for a number of weeks before Scott made his live debut with Sweet on 26 September 1970 at the Windsor Ballroom in Redcar.
The Sweet initially attempted to combine diverse musical influences, including the Monkees and 1960s bubblegum pop groups such as the Archies, with more heavy rock-oriented groups such as the Who.
This fusion of pop and hard rock would remain a central trademark of Sweet's music and prefigured the glam metal of a few years later.
This management deal also included a worldwide (the U.S. excepted) record contract with RCA Records (in the United States and Canada Bell Records issued the group's music until late 1973; followed by Capitol Records).
Their albums' failure to match the success of their singles was a problem that would plague the band throughout their career.
The band also capitalised on the glam rock explosion, rivalling Gary Glitter, T. Rex, Queen, Slade, and Wizzard for outrageous stage clothing.
The Sweet had always composed their own heavy-rock songs on the B-sides of their singles to contrast with the bubblegum A-sides which were composed by Chinn and Chapman.
By 1974, Sweet had grown tired of the management team of Chinn and Chapman, who wrote the group's major hits and cultivated the band's glam rock image.
The band did not publicise the incident and told the press that subsequent cancelled shows were due to Connolly having a throat infection.
Sweet were invited by Pete Townshend to support the Who, who were playing at Charlton Athletic's football ground, The Valley in June 1974.
Sweet had frequently cited the Who as being one of their main influences and played a medley of their tracks in their live set for many years.
The band resumed playing live shows nearly a full six months after Connolly's throat injury, with band and critics noting a rougher edge to his voice and a reduced range.
In Australia it not only made it to the top of the charts, it also became the biggest selling single of that year.
The release of this track marked the end of the formal Chinn-Chapman working relationship and the band stressed it was now fully self-sufficient as writers and producers.
By this time, Sweet strove to build on their growing popularity in America with a schedule of more than fifty headline concert dates.
The US tour was not financially successful, with small audiences at many venues leading to the final half-dozen or so dates to be cancelled.
The band also spent a week at the Who's Ramport Studios in Battersea demoing material for a new album before abandoning that project and playing eight dates in Japan.
By the end of the Japanese shows Connolly's extremely hoarse singing voice was manifest evidence of the demands of constant touring and the enduring after-effects of his 1974 assault.
Between October 1976 and January 1977, Sweet wrote and recorded new material at Kingsway Recorders and Audio International London studios for their next album.
The band cancelled a US tour with emerging US rockers Aerosmith, did not play any live dates in support of the album and, in fact, did not play a single concert for the whole of 1977.
Sweet left RCA in 1977 and signed a new deal with Polydor though it would not come into force until later in the year.
In the United States, Canada and Japan Capitol had issued Sweet's albums since 1974 and would continue to do so through 1980.
Largely recorded during 1977 at Château d'Hérouville near Paris, France and Clearwell Castle in the Forest Of Dean UK, the album represented a new musical direction, largely abandoning hard-rock for a more melodic pop style, interspersed with ballads accompanied by a 30-piece orchestra.
With the addition of session and touring musicians keyboardist Gary Moberley and guitarist Nico Ramsden, Sweet undertook a short European and Scandinavian tour followed by a single British concert at London's Hammersmith Odeon on 24 February 1978.
Between March and May 1978 Sweet extensively toured the US, as a support act for Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band.
The tour included a disastrous date in Birmingham, Alabama on 3 May, during which visiting Capitol Records executives in the audience saw Brian Connolly give a drunken and incoherent performance that terminated early in the set with his collapse on stage, leaving the rest of the group to play on without him.
The band returned briefly to Britain before resuming the second leg of their US tour in late May supporting other acts, including Foghat and Alice Cooper.
Concluding the US tour in early July 1978, Brian's alcoholism and estrangement from the group was steadily becoming a greater issue.
Due to tensions between various members attributed to Connolly's health and diminishing status with the group, his long-time friend and fellow founding member, Mick Tucker, was tasked to produce Connolly's vocals.
Sweet continued as a trio with Priest assuming the lion's share of lead vocals, though Scott and Tucker were also active in that role.
Sweet undertook a short tour of the UK and performed their last live show at Glasgow University on 20 March 1981.
Andy Scott and Mick Tucker organised their own version of Sweet with Paul Mario Day (ex-Iron Maiden, More, Wildfire) on lead vocals, Phil Lanzon (ex-Grand Prix) on keyboards and Mal McNulty on bass.
This line-up also toured Australian and New Zealand pubs and clubs for more than three months in 1985 and for a similar period again in 1986.
He continued with Sweet commuting back and forth to Europe for the group's tours until this proved to be too cumbersome.
Malcolm Pearson and then Ian Gibbons (who had played with The Kinks and The Records) both filled in for Lanzon until Steve Mann (Liar, Lionheart, McAuley Schenker Group) arrived in December 1989.
Three drummers, Andy Hoyler, Bobby Andersen and Bruce Bisland (Weapon, Wildfire, Praying Mantis), provided short-term relief before Bodo Schopf (McAuley Schenker Group) took over.
Scott changed the band's name to 'Andy Scott's Sweet' after Tucker's departure but truncated it to simply 'The Sweet' once again after Tucker's death in 2002.
Mal McNulty, now lead vocalist, departed in 1994, though he would return briefly that year to fill in for Jeff Brown on bass (as he would again in 1995 as lead singer for a few dates while Rocky Newton subbed on bass).
Sweet's former keyboard men Gary Moberley and Ian Gibbons also did fill-in jaunts with the group that year, as did Chris Goulstone.
In 1996 Mann left to take a job in television and Gibbons came back for a short time before Steve Grant (ex-The Animals) became the permanent keyboardist.
Ian Gibbons came back for a third stint as fill-in keyboardist in June 2005 for a gig in the Faroe Islands.
Grant then jumped from keyboards to lead vocals and bass as Phil Lanzon returned on keyboards for a tour of Russia and Germany in October/November.
New singer Mark Thompson Smith (ex-Praying Mantis) joined in November 2005 for some Swedish gigs, while Jo Burt (ex-Black Sabbath) was temporary bass player.
Tony Mills (ex-Shy) was slated to be Sweet's new singer in early 2006 but failed to work out and left after six shows in Denmark.
At this point, O'Hora came back as fill in front man and then Grant did another turn himself as the singer/bassist (Steve Mann depped on keyboards) until the group finally landed a new permanent front man when Peter Lincoln (ex-Sailor) arrived in July 2006.
In May of that year, the band played in Porto Alegre and Curitiba, Brazil, their first and only South American shows.
In March and April 2010, Scott was absent from a couple of gigs due to ill health and Martin Mickels stood in.
In March 2011 there was a short tour of Australia, Regal Theatre - Perth, and Clipsal 500, Adelaide with the Doobie Brothers.
This was a cruise aboard the ship Rhapsody of the Seas which departed Sydney and took in New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
The band played two gigs and various members guested with Australian veteran performers including Brian Cadd and Russell Morris and members of AC/DC, The Angels, Rose Tattoo and Skyhooks.
In June 2015 it was revealed that the band were going on an extensive tour of the UK in late 2015 and that this tour would probably be their last.
In 2017 after Andy undertook a successful Australian visit with Suzi Quatro and Don Powell in the side outfit known as QSP, Sweet was again booked for an extensive European tour.
Let me start by saying that having to replace two members in quick succession is not something I would recommend to anyone but it gives one great satisfaction when it comes together.
Steve Mann will be rejoining Sweet for all dates in November and December, including the 'Still Got the Rock Tour UK'.
Our last show in Kelbra in September featured Steve and it was brilliant to have him on stage with us again.
The two got on very well and Torpey subsequently invited Connolly to go into the recording studio with him, as an informal project.
During the long flight to Australia, Connolly's health had suffered and he was hospitalised in Adelaide Hospital, allegedly for dehydration and related problems.
After being released from the hospital, Connolly joined the other band members in Melbourne for a gig at the Pier Hotel, in Frankston.
After several other shows, including one at the Dingley Powerhouse, Connolly and his band played a final date at Melbourne's Greek Theatre.
It was felt Connolly's health was sufficient reason for the tour not to be extended, and some of the planned dates were abandoned.
On 22 March 1992, a heavy duty tape recorder was stolen from the band's van whilst at a gig in the Bristol Hippodrome with Mud.
By this time Connolly had healed the differences with Steve Priest and Mick Tucker, and was invited to the wedding of Priest's eldest daughter, Lisa.
Connolly's final concert was at the Bristol Hippodrome on 5 December 1996, with Slade II and John Rossall's Glitter Band Experience.
He enlisted a guitarist Stuart Smith and L.A. native Richie Onori, Smith's bandmate in Heaven & Earth, was brought in on drums.
In January 2009 the Sweet presented at the concert industry's Pollstar Awards, and also played a short set at the Nokia Theatre where the event was held, marking the first time in the ceremony's history that a band performed at the show.
In addition to local gigs at the House of Blues on L.A.'s Sunset Strip and Universal CityWalk, 2009 saw the band return to Canada for sold-out shows at the Mae Wilson Theater and Casino Regina, as well as the Nakusp Music Fest and Rockin' the Fields of Minnedosa in Minnedosa, Manitoba.
U.S. festivals have included Minnesota's Halfway Jam, Rockin' the Rivers in Montana (with Pat Travers and Peter Frampton), and two late-summer shows at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk.
The CD, which was first sold at shows and via the band's on-line store, was released worldwide in an exclusive deal with Amazon.com on 21 July 2009.
The release has garnered favourable reviews from The Rock n Roll Report, Classic Rock Revisited and Hard Rock Haven, among others.
Arts and Music Festival in Richardson, Texas; Las Vegas, Nevada's Fremont Street Experience; Rock N' America in Oklahoma City, OK; Summer Jam in Des Moines, Iowa; Jack FM's Fifth Show at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater in Los Angeles; an appearance at the Hard Rock Hotel in Biloxi, Mississippi; and the inaugural edition of the Thunder Mountain Rock Festival in Sawyer, North Dakota.
As of February 2011, fans who purchased pre-sale tickets were still in the process of working through the administrative channels with PayPal and various banks and credit card issuers in order to try to reclaim their funds.
The band and their European fans then also got re-united quicker than thought, when the band got booked by a befriended female Belgian promoter.
Two east German gigs, 27 and 28 May 2011, so in Borna and in Schwarzenberg Steve Priest's Sweet hit the European grounds.
Beginning with the band's October 2012 appearance at the Festival Internacional Chihuahua in Mexico, Los Angeles-based guitarist Ricky Z. teamed up with Steve Priest and company for their live performances.
Tour dates played in summer 2013 included Riverfest in Watertown, Wisconsin, the St. Clair, MI Riverfest, several additional dates in Canada, and a reprise of their appearances at both Moondance Jam in Walker, MN and Rockin' the Rivers in Three Forks, Montana.
The band made some rare appearances on the U.S. east coast in July 2013, including a performance with David Johansen of the New York Dolls at the Bergen Performing Arts Center in Englewood, New Jersey.
Singer Joe Retta was unavailable for these dates due to a scheduling conflict, so Tribe of Gypsies frontman Chas West, who has played with Jason Bonham's band and has experience subbing in such well-known bands as Foreigner, Lynch Mob and Diamond Head, stepped in to man the microphone for a series of shows in New York, New Jersey and Maryland.
On 27 August 2014, Steve Priest announced on the band's Facebook page that guitarist Mitch Perry had been tapped for the guitar slot.
Most recently on tour with Lita Ford, Mitch's other credentials included his work with Michael Schenker Group, Asia Featuring John Payne, Edgar Winter, Billy Sheehan and David Lee Roth His first live appearance with Sweet was at the Rock the River festival in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on 23 August 2014.
Z replaced Joe Retta, who had served as the frontman for the Los Angeles incarnation of Sweet since its formation in 2008.
This UK video release, which contained UK television performances from the 1970s and current-day interviews, was released at Tower Records, London.
Brian Connolly died at the age of 51 on 9 February 1997 from liver failure and repeated heart attacks, attributed to his abuse of alcohol in the 1970s and early 1980s.
3AW's original broadcast frequency was 1425 kHz and changed to 1280 kHz on 1 September 1935 as part of a national reshuffle of the radio broadcasting spectrum.
On 23 November 1978 the station changed to 1278 kHz with the introduction of 9 kHz spacing on the AM band.
Due to poor reception problems, at 7:15 a.m. on 1 May 2006, 3AW swapped with its sister station Magic 1278 (now Macquarie Sports Radio) to its present frequency of 693 kHz.
In April 2007, 3AW introduced cameras into their main studio so that fans, via the 3AW website, can watch the program being broadcast, as well as listen.
The application allows users to listen to the current program, read or listen to current news articles, get weather updates, contact the station via phone, email, Twitter or Facebook and also has an alarm clock feature.
'3AW Football' is the brand under which 3AW broadcasts Australian rules football and the station broadcasts football on all AFL match days.
3AW Football dates back to before 1960 and legendary commentators such as Norman Banks and Harry Beitzel have spent time calling games at 3AW.
2014 saw the departure of Stephen Quartermain, and the recruitment of Nathan Brown as a ball-by-ball commentator for Saturday night and Sunday twilight matches.
On 1 November 2013, 3AW's parent company, Fairfax Radio Network (FRN), announced that it had signed a five-year non-exclusive contract commencing with the 2013/2014 Australian cricket season, to broadcast the Boxing Day and Sydney Test matches, all One Day Internationals, the Big Bash League (BBL) and International T20 matches on network stations including 3AW.
Subsequently, in December 2013, FRN decided on an earlier start to their coverage by including the Perth test match which commenced on 13 December 2013.
In the sixth ratings survey for 2014, released 30 September 2014, 3AW came first with a 13.8% market share followed by 774 ABC with 11.4% and Fox FM with 8.2%.
In the fifth ratings survey for 2014, released 26 August 2014, 3AW came first with a 14% market share followed by 774 ABC with 12% and Fox FM with 8.0%.
This survey was also the first for new ratings supplier GfK Group, the company that has taken over the running of surveys from Nielsen ratings which produced the surveys for 66 years.
The final ratings survey for 2013 and the last to be conducted by Nielsen, saw 3AW complete five years as Melbourne's number one radio station with 40 consecutive survey wins.
In 1999, presenter Bruce Mansfield was sacked after it emerged that he had received benefits in exchange for giving favourable comments and interviews to companies on-air without proper prior disclosure.
As different sides of society insisted he was guilty or innocent – he was eventually cleared but only after rigged trials had banished him to an island prison camp – the split came close to civil war and still has its echoes in modern French society.
The editor was a prominent racing cyclist, Henri Desgrange, who had published a book of cycling tactics and training and was working as a publicity writer for Clément.
Desgrange was a strong character but lacked confidence, so much doubting the Tour de France founded in his name that he stayed away from the pioneering race in 1903 until it looked like being a success.
Then, on the first floor of the paper's offices in the rue du Faubourg-Montmartre in Paris, a 26-year-old cycling and rugby writer called Géo Lefèvre suggested a race round France, bigger than any other paper could rival and akin to six-day races on the track.
The Tour de France proved a success for the newspaper; circulation leapt from 25,000 before the 1903 Tour to 65,000 after it; in 1908 the race boosted circulation past a quarter of a million, and during the 1923 Tour it was selling 500,000 copies a day.
The paper began printing comments favourable to the occupying Nazis and so its doors were nailed shut with the return of peace, like all other papers that had printed under the Germans.
In 1940 Jacques Goddet succeeded Desgrange as editor and nominal organiser of the Tour de France (although he refused German requests to run it during the war, see Tour de France during the Second World War).
Goddet defended his paper's role in a court case brought by the French government but was never wholly cleared in the public mind of being close to the Germans or to the Head of the French State, Philippe Pétain.
The second best was on 3 July 2000 after France won the European Football Championship and the paper sold 1,255,633 copies.
It was established in February 2002 by the Liberal/Conservative Danish Government with the task of making environmental and economic cost/benefit analyses.
The Government appointed Ole P. Kristensen, an ex-professor at the institute where Lomborg worked, as the first Director of the Board.
The EAI published a series of reports on environmental issues, from the value of a deposit/return system for drink cans to global warming.
It concluded that it would be better to abandon the deposit system and to let the bottles and cans be burned together with other household garbage.
However, it turned out afterwards that many of the Danish incineration plants operate at temperatures at which aluminum cans will not burn, but only melt, and that the cans would pose a great economic problem for them.
A committee was formed in March 2003 to evaluate the reports issued by the EAI during the second half of 2002.
The other reports were adjudged appealing to the public, but the committee was not confident in the conclusions of two reports and in general criticized the cost-benefit analyses.
Three of them did so because of disagreement about the Institute's involvement in the Copenhagen Consensus project, the others did so because of lack of time and conflicts of interest.
In mid-June 2004, there was some stir in the Danish printed media because it was revealed that criticism of Lomborg’s book from Danish climate experts had been repressed for years by the head of the EAI (Lomborg).
From July 1, 2007, the Environmental Assessment Institute was changed into a department of the Danish Economic Council, and thus no longer exists as a separate institute.
Training is provided through simulcasts, as well as in-person courses on TEN's training campus located in the Waterberg Biosphere of northern South Africa.
Charles Edward Fairburn (5 September 1887 – 12 October 1945) was an English electrical engineer whose work mainly concerned rail transport.
In 1934 he joined the London, Midland and Scottish Railway where he was responsible for the introduction of new classes of diesel-electric shunting locomotives - he became Chief Mechanical Engineer of the company in the 1940s, but died in 1945 aged 58.
After an education at Bradford Grammar School he won a scholarship to Brasenose College, Oxford University where he studied mathematics and engineering, and obtained a first class degree.
During World War I Fairburn served in the Royal Flying Corps in an experimental squadron, where he was involved in the development of dive bomber aircraft using the Sopwith Camel, also developing night, formation and cloud flying, and organising training in those subjects.
In 1919 he joined English Electric and developed their railway electrification department; by 1931 he had risen to chief engineer of the traction department, having been involved in electrification schemes on the Southern Railway, the New Zealand Government Railways, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, the London Post Office Railway, and the Danske Statsbaner.
He was responsible for the introduction of diesel-electric shunters onto the LMS, creating types that would form the basis of over 1400 shunters used by British Railways.
Fairburn was made Acting CME of the LMS when Stanier was called away on war work in 1942 at the Ministry of Production and became CME in 1944, on Stanier's retirement.
In 1945 he introduced the LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T, a modified version of the LMS Stanier 2-6-4T with a shortened wheelbase, and made proposals for the first mainline diesel locomotives which were carried out under his successor H.G.
Henry George Ivatt (4 May 1886 – 4 October 1976) known as George Ivatt, was the post-war Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London Midland and Scottish Railway.
When Fairburn died suddenly in October 1945, a new shortlist was prepared and George Ivatt, the senior candidate, with significant LMS locomotive experience, was appointed CME on 1 February 1946.
As CME in post-war austerity Britain, Ivatt continued to build standard existing LMS locomotive types for which parts were readily available.
Two additional LMS Princess Coronation Class 4-6-2 express locomotives were built and several modified Black Fives and the work of 'rebuilding' the Royal Scot and Patriot classes continued.
The famous Ivatt twins, diesel-electric locomotives numbered 10000 and 10001, built by the LMS at Derby in association with English Electric were Britain's first main-line diesel locomotives and were designed to operate singly or in pairs.
On nationalisation in 1948, Riddles became CME of British Railways, whilst Ivatt remained as CME of the London Midland Region until his retirement in 1951.
Following the demise of Brush Bagnall Traction, Ivatt became a director of Brush Traction where he was involved with the building of the Brush Type 2 locomotives.
The network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
It was the only channel in France for 28 years, and has often changed its name since the creation of Radio-PTT Vision on 26 April 1935, making it one of the oldest television stations in the world, and one of the very few prewar television stations to remain in existence to the present day.
It became Radiodiffusion nationale Télévision (RN Télévision) in 1937, Fernsehsender Paris (Paris Television) during German occupation in 1943, RDF Télévision française in 1944, RTF Télévision in 1949, la Première chaîne de la RTF in 1963 following the creation of the second channel, la Première chaîne de l'ORTF in 1964 and finally Télévision Française 1 (TF1) in 1975.
Radio-PTT Vision began operations on 26 April 1935 as the first television station in France, using a 30-line mechanical television system based on the Nipkow disk.
It was operated by the French PTT agency with a transmitter located atop the Eiffel Tower, and was on air three days a week from 11 am to 11:30 am and 8 pm to 8:30 pm and on Sundays from 5:30 pm to 7:30 pm.
On 4 January 1937 the broadcasting hours were changed such that television programmes were aired from 5 pm until 10 pm Wednesdays to Fridays, and from 4 pm to 8:30 pm or 9 pm Saturdays to Tuesdays.
In July 1938, a decree of the French PTT agency fixed the French terrestrial television standard as transmitting on 455 lines VHF (46 MHz, positive modulation, 25 frames per second), to be adopted throughout France within three years.
The adoption of the electronic standard marked the end of mechanical television in France, and the advent of electronic television to obtain much better image quality.
Television broadcasts resumed in occupied France on 7 May 1943 as Fernsehsender Paris, under the control of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
It was on air in German and French four days a week from 10 am to noon, three days a week from 3 pm to 8 pm and every evening from 8:30 pm to 10 pm.
Following the return of the Eiffel Tower to the French after being in American administration following the liberation of Paris, on 1 October 1945 the official resumption of television broadcasts took place with one hour of programming each day.
On 20 November 1948, the Secretary of State for Information, François Mitterrand decreed the adoption of the 819-line high-definition VHF standard, which was in use from 1949 until 1981.
On 29 May 1949 the first news programme aired on RTF TV, and on 30 July 1949 a television licence fee was introduced.
Residents living outside Paris could view RTF TV for the first time in February 1952 when Télé Lille (now known as France 3 Nord-Pas-de-Calais), a regional broadcaster operating since 10 April 1950 was co-opted into the RTF TV network and became RTF's first relay outside Paris.
A new multicoloured logo for TF1 created by Catherine Chaillet came out that same year along with cel-animated idents, and from 1976 until 1985 analogue computer-generated idents produced using the Scanimate system were used on TF1, created by the American company Robert Abel and Associates with background music composed by Vladimir Cosma.
Colour television were first introduced to TF1 on 1 September 1975 when FR3 (now France•3) agreed to supply some of its colour programming to TF1, and the conversion to colour on TF1 was completed in late-1977.
Since TF1's privatisation in 1987, the abbreviation is no longer expanded, so as to avoid confusion with the government-owned television broadcaster France Télévisions.
The management of TF1 was notified about the e-mail by the Ministry for Culture and Communication, whom Ministry Christine Albanel is also one the authors of the HADOPI law.
There are many ways to speak about TV, but in a business perspective, let's be realistic: at the basis, TF1's job is helping Coca-Cola, for example, to sell its product.
We must always look out for popular programs, follow trends, surf on tendencies, in a context in which information is speeding up, getting manifold and trivialized.
Critics of TF1 also contend that its news coverage is slanted towards supporting right-wing politicians – they were in particular accused of supporting Édouard Balladur in the 1995 presidential elections, and of overstating crime during the 2002 electoral campaign to tilt the balance in favour of former French president Jacques Chirac, who campaigned on a law and order platform.
Key figures within TF1 are close friends to some of the most powerful politicians in France, and the relationship between Bouygues and the public-sector contracting system often raises suspicions.
Nicolas Sarkozy (president between 2007 and 2012) is a frequent guest of the channel, and is seen as being given an easier ride than on other networks.
In addition, it is occasionally alleged that news reports from TF1 tend to ignore issues yielding a bad light on their parent group (Bouygues), while stressing the problems of competitors (such as Vinci SA).
However, TF1 now competes in this category with M6, which was initially a generalist channel focusing on musical programmes, but now has programming more resembling TF1 (notably, reality shows that TF1 started running just after M6 introduced them).
In Melbourne Tonight, also known as IMT, was a highly popular nightly Logie award-winning Australian variety television show produced at GTV-9 Melbourne from 6 May 1957 to 1970.
Graham Kennedy was the show's main host and star attraction but other presenters were often called on to present the show on certain nights.
On his final program, he was given a crown—made by the GTV-9 props department—symbolising his reign as king of Australian television.
His non-appearance prompted jokes between host Stuart Wagstaff and guest Richard Deacon until news reached GTV-9 that Wymark had collapsed in his hotel room.
Most of the videotapes were erased and reused after broadcast and consequently fewer than 100 episodes survive today out of the thousands produced and broadcast.
The group specialises in construction (Colas Group and Bouygues Construction), real estate development (Bouygues Immobilier), media (TF1 Group), and telecommunications (Bouygues Telecom).
In 1987 the company started operating the television channel TF1 and in 1988 Bouygues moved into its new head office, the Challenger complex, in Saint-Quentin en Yvelines.
In 2010, through its subsidiary Nerem Telecom, Boygues also acquired HGT Telecom for $170 million from Henri Benezra and his brother Avi.
In 2014, consecutively to Alstom’s cession of its Energy activities to General Electric, Bouygues granted a call option to the French government allowing it to acquire a maximum of 20% of Alstom, currently owned by the group.
Bouygues is also involved in HS2 lot C1, working as part of joint venture, with main construction work to start in 2018/9.
The American architect Kevin Roche worked on this building, as well as the previous head office location, the Challenger complex in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.
Since 2006, Bouygues has participated in the United Nations Global Compact The group sponsors The Shift Project think tank, with several other companies such as EDF, BNP Paribas or Saint-Gobain, which promotes sustainable economic development.
Between 2009 and 2011, Bouygues S.A. was illegally employing workers from Poland and Romania exposing them to inhuman working conditions at the construction site of the Flamanville nuclear power plant in Normandy, France.
Sir Ernest John Hutchings Lemon (9 December 1884 – 15 December 1954) was an English railway engineer, and was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and later one of its three Vice-Presidents.
During the run-up to the Second World War Lemon was made Director-General of Aircraft Production and made crucial improvements to aircraft production.
He served an apprenticeship with the North British Locomotive Company and then worked for the Highland Railway and for Hurst Nelson.
Despite having little experience in locomotive engineering, in 1931 Lemon was appointed to the post of Chief Mechanical Engineer replacing the retiring Henry Fowler.
After less than a year as CME however, Lemon was again promoted to Vice-President, Railway Traffic, Operating and Commercial, replacing J.H.
William Stanier had been head-hunted from the Great Western Railway to replace Lemon as CME and revolutionised the LMS's locomotive policy.
Lemon was a member of the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps — a Territorial Army unit of the Royal Engineers; he joined as a Major in November 1929, and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in April 1932.
During the Second World War Lemon was made Director-General of Aircraft Production and received a knighthood in the 1941 New Year’s Honours list.
The ship mounted eight guns in four twin turrets, displaced at full combat load, and had a top speed of .
The design staff settled on the 38 cm caliber since the 40 cm was significantly more expensive and the 38 cm gun marked a significant improvement over existing German guns.
Her secondary armament consisted of sixteen SK L/45 guns, four SK L/45 guns and five 60 cm (23.6 in) underwater torpedo tubes, one in the bow and two on each beam.
Work was delayed considerably by the start of World War I, first by the Russian advance into East Prussia that threatened the shipyards in Danzig and was checked at the Battle of Tannenberg.
On 17 October the light cruisers and intercepted one of the convoys, sinking nine of the twelve cargo ships and the two escorting destroyers before turning back to Germany.
Following these two raids, Admiral David Beatty, the commander of the Grand Fleet, detached battleships from the battle fleet to protect the convoys.
Hipper planned the operation: the battlecruisers of I Scouting Group, along with light cruisers and destroyers, would attack one of the large convoys, while the rest of the High Seas Fleet would stand by, ready to attack the British dreadnought battleship squadron.
At 06:10 the German battlecruisers had reached a position approximately southwest of Bergen when the battlecruiser lost her inner starboard propeller, which severely damaged the ship's engines.
The crew effected temporary repairs that allowed the ship to steam at , but it was decided to take the ship under tow.
In order to obtain a better bargaining position for Germany, Admirals Hipper and Scheer intended to inflict as much damage as possible on the British navy, whatever the cost to the fleet.
Consequently, on 29 October 1918, the order was given to depart from Wilhelmshaven to consolidate the fleet in the Jade roadstead, with the intention of departing the following morning.
Both ships surrendered after two torpedo boats arrived and threatened to open fire, and the battleships' crews were taken ashore and incarcerated.
The rebellion then spread ashore; on 3 November, an estimated 20,000 sailors, dock workers, and civilians fought a battle against the authorities in Kiel in an attempt to secure the release of the jailed mutineers.
The Royal Navy inspected the ship on 9 January, but many of the technical instruments, including gunnery equipment, had been removed before the ship left Germany.
On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships.
Naval engineers inspected the hull, including the screws, bilge keels, and rudders, to determine the water resistance of the hull form.
The ship was found to have been approximately as efficient as the British s. The ship's armor system was extensively investigated; the British team concluded that the ship had not been modified to incorporate the lessons from the Battle of Jutland of 31 May – 1 June 1916.
The main battery turrets and ammunition magazines were also the subject of intense scrutiny; among the tests conducted was a trial to see how fast the magazines could be flooded—the result was 12 minutes.
It was found that the guns could be prepared to fire in 23 seconds, 13 seconds faster than in the s. The ship's watertight bulkhead and underwater protection systems also particularly interested the inspection team; they paid close attention to the ship's pumping and counter-flooding equipment.
This round of tests was used to determine the most efficient ratio of explosives in the detonator caps; the shells fired at Jutland had a tendency to fragment when striking heavy armor rather than penetrate.
The Royal Navy concluded after these tests that the new shells were sufficiently powerful to penetrate heavy armor, and were much more effective than the previous versions that had been employed at Jutland.
Following the tests, heavy seas caused the ship to sink in the shallow water; after three months she was again raised and docked for repairs.
A son of Willem van de Velde the Elder, also a painter of sea-pieces, Willem van de Velde, the younger, was instructed by his father, and afterwards by Simon de Vlieger, a marine painter of repute at the time, and had achieved great celebrity by his art before he came to London.
His best productions are delicate, spirited and finished in handling, and correct in the drawing of the vessels and their rigging.
The numerous figures are tellingly introduced, and the artist is successful in his renderings of sea, whether in calm or storm.
The ships are portrayed with almost photographic accuracy, and are the most precise guides available to the appearance of 17th-century ships.
The vessel was launched in February 1915 and entered service in July 1916, too late to take part in the Battle of Jutland.
Her main armament consisted of eight 38 cm (15 in) guns in four turrets, which was a significant improvement over the preceding s ten 30.5 cm (12 inch) guns.
The ship was to have formed the nucleus for a fourth battle squadron in the High Seas Fleet, along with three of her sister ships.
Of the other ships only one——was completed; the other two were canceled later in the war when production requirements shifted to U-boat construction.
The first operation in which the ship took part was an abortive fleet advance into the North Sea on 18–19 August 1916, a month after she had been commissioned.
She was interned with the majority of the High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow in November 1918 following the end of World War I.
The design staff settled on the 38 cm caliber since the 40 cm was significantly more expensive and the 38 cm gun marked a significant improvement over existing German guns.
Her propulsion system was rated at for a maximum speed of , and on trials achieved for a maximum speed of .
The ship could carry up to of coal and of fuel oil, which provided a maximum range of at a cruising speed of .
Her secondary armament consisted of sixteen SK L/45 guns, four SK L/45 guns and five 60 cm (23.6 in) underwater torpedo tubes, one in the bow and two on each beam.
After fitting-out, she was commissioned on 18 March, but remained largely idle in port for the next month, undergoing initial tests, including inclination tests to determine how the vessel responded to flooding.
After further examinations, the ship was deemed ready for service on 15 July, a month and a half too late for her to participate in the Battle of Jutland.
The ship would have been available for the operation, but the ship's crew, composed largely of the crew from the recently decommissioned battleship , was given leave.
Ernst Lindemann, who went on to command the battleship during her only combat sortie in World War II, served aboard the ship as a wireless operator.
Admiral Reinhard Scheer planned a fleet advance for 18–19 August 1916; the operation consisted of a bombardment conducted by I Scouting Group.
The makeshift I Scouting Group conducted familiarization exercises on 15 August in preparation for the operation; Hipper was displeased by the slow speed of the battleships and Scheer ordered the unit not to exceed from the main fleet so as to avoid being cut off by the faster British battlecruisers.
The Germans got underway late in the day on 18 August; the British were aware of the German plans and sortied the Grand Fleet to meet them.
By 14:35 on 19 August, Scheer had been warned of the Grand Fleet's approach and, unwilling to engage the whole of the Grand Fleet just 11 weeks after the close call at Jutland, turned his forces around and retreated to German ports.
Her placement as the second vessel in the line nevertheless would have allowed her to bring her greater firepower into action as quickly as possible.
In early September 1917, following the German conquest of the Russian port of Riga, the German navy decided to evict the Russian naval forces that still held the Gulf of Riga.
VI Division consisted of the five s. Along with 9 light cruisers, 3 torpedo boat flotillas, and dozens of mine warfare ships, the entire force numbered some 300 ships, supported by over 100 aircraft and 6 zeppelins.
Opposing the Germans were the old Russian pre-dreadnoughts and , the armored cruisers , , and , 26 destroyers, and several torpedo boats and gunboats.
Repairs lasted from 3 November to 27 December, during which the forward torpedo tube room was stripped of its equipment and the torpedo ports were sealed.
By 20 October, the naval operations were effectively over; the Russian fleet had been destroyed or forced to withdraw, and the German army held the islands in the gulf.
As a result, the Royal Navy attached a squadron of battleships to protect the convoys, which presented Scheer with the possibility of destroying a detached squadron of the Grand Fleet.
The operation called for Hipper's battlecruisers to attack the convoy and its escorts on 23 April while the battleships of the High Seas Fleet stood by in support.
Reports from U-boats indicated to Scheer that the convoys sailed at the start and middle of each week, but a west-bound convoy had left Bergen on Tuesday the 22nd and an east-bound group left Methil, Scotland, on the 24th, a Thursday.
The bulk of the High Seas Fleet was to have sortied from its base in Wilhelmshaven to engage the British Grand Fleet.
Starting on the night of 29 October, sailors on several battleships mutinied; three ships from III Squadron refused to weigh anchor, and acts of sabotage were committed on board the battleships and .
Following the capitulation of Germany in November 1918, the majority of the High Seas Fleet was to be interned in the Royal Navy base at Scapa Flow.
On 21 November 1918, the ships to be interned, under the command of Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, sailed from their base in Germany for the last time.
The fleet rendezvoused with the British light cruiser , before meeting a flotilla of 370 British, American, and French warships for the voyage to Scapa Flow.
Reuter believed that the British intended to seize the German ships on 21 June, which was the deadline for Germany to have signed the peace treaty.
On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships.
George Hughes (9 October 1865 – 27 October 1945) was an English locomotive engineer, and chief mechanical engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway ((L&YR)) and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS).
George Hughes was born on 9 October 1865 and served a premium apprenticeship at the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Crewe Works between 1882 and 1886.
At the L&YR he started in the test room, and Bulleid notes the L&YR's John Aspinall was most pleased with his work there..
When the L&YR amalgamated into the LNWR in January 1922 he became of the CME of the combined group, and was appointed the CME of the LMS on its formation at the 1923 grouping.
During Hughes' time at the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway built an electric goods locomotive in 1912 and a battery-electric shunter around 1917.
The former had four 150 horsepower motors (total 600 hp) and could pick up current from the third rail on the main line or from overhead lines in freight yards.
The film is set four years after the original film and centers on the now 16-year-old Regan MacNeil, who is still recovering from her previous demonic possession.
Afterwards, Lamont is assigned by the Cardinal to investigate the death of Father Lankester Merrin, who had been killed four years earlier in the course of exorcising the Assyrian demon Pazuzu from Regan MacNeil.
The Cardinal informs Lamont (who has had some experience at exorcism and has been exposed to Merrin's teachings) that Merrin is facing posthumous heresy charges because of his controversial writings as Church authorities are trying to modernize and do not want to acknowledge that Satan exists.
Regan, although now seemingly normal and staying with her guardian Sharon Spencer in New York City, continues to be monitored at a psychiatric institute by Dr. Gene Tuskin.
Father Lamont visits the institute, but his attempts to question Regan about the circumstances of Father Merrin's death are rebuffed by Dr. Tuskin, who believes that Lamont's approach would do Regan more harm than good.
After a guided tour by Sharon of the Georgetown house where the exorcism took place, Lamont returns to be coupled with Regan by the synchronizer.
Learning that the boy developed special powers to fight Pazuzu, who appears as a swarm of locusts, Lamont journeys to Africa, defying his superior, to seek help from the adult Kokumo.
Regan is able to reach telepathically inside the minds of others; she uses this to help an autistic girl to speak, for instance.
Father Merrin, who belonged to a group of theologians that believed psychic powers were a spiritual gift which would one day be shared by all people, thought people like Kokumo and Regan were forerunners of this new type of humanity.
The taxi crashes into the Georgetown house, killing the driver, but his passengers survive and enter the house, where Sharon sets herself on fire.
In the end, Regan banishes the locusts (and Pazuzu) by enacting the same bullroarer ritual attempted by Kokumo to get rid of locusts in Africa (although he failed and was himself possessed).
Here, the battle between good and evil would centre on human consciousness—with the specific idea that, within the framework of Catholic theology, human consciousnesses could be brought together as one through technology, although this would also result in conflict between those who sought good and evil.
However, O'Malley was busy and could not take up the part, and the character of Father Dyer was changed to Father Philip Lamont.
Jon Voight, David Carradine, Jack Nicholson and Christopher Walken all were considered for or offered the part of Father Lamont, who John Boorman initially conceived as a younger priest in awe of Father Merrin's writings.
Although Boorman wanted to film the majority of the film on location (including Ethiopia and The Vatican), many of his plans proved to be impossible, resulting in key exterior scenes having to be filmed set-bound at the Warner Bros. backlot.
Even the MacNeil house in Georgetown had to be replicated in the studio because the filmmakers were refused permission to film at the original house.
A key scene of a sleepwalking Regan about to wander off a rooftop was filmed in New York City, atop 666 Fifth Avenue (where Warner Bros. offices were then located).
With no stunt person and no special effects, the shot showed actress Linda Blair's feet on the edge of the building with Fifth Avenue down below.
Goodhart's script was being constantly rewritten as the film was shooting, with the filmmakers uncertain as to how the story should end.
Boorman himself contracted a dose of San Joaquin Valley Fever (a respiratory fungal infection), which cancelled production for over a month (a costly delay).
Other problems included footage being oversaturated and necessitating reshoots; the rapid deaths of locusts imported from England for the film's climactic scenes (2500 locusts were shipped in and died at a rate of 100 a day); original film editor John Merritt quitting the production (he was replaced by Tom Priestley); and stars Kitty Winn and Louise Fletcher both suffering from gall bladder infections.
The film eventually grossed $30,749,142 in the United States, turning a profit but still disappointing in comparison to the original film's gross.
And I looked at half an hour of it and I thought it was as bad as seeing a traffic accident in the street.
It's just a stupid mess made by a dumb guy – John Boorman by name, somebody who should be nameless, but in this case should be named.
It took the greatest film ever made and trashed it in a way that was on one level farcically stupid and on another level absolutely unforgivable.
It's one thing to carry a story further along, but it's another to deny the original, no matter what you thought of it.
I thought it was something even less than good, but this new film, which opened yesterday at the Criterion and other theaters, is of such spectacular fatuousness that it makes the first seem virtually an axiom of screen art.
Boorman's illness and constant revising of the script can't have helped, but these events alone are not enough to explain the film's almighty failure.
I denied them what they wanted and they were pissed off about itquite rightly, I knew I wasn't giving them what they wanted and it was a really foolish choice.
The film itself, I think, is an interesting onethere's some good work in itbut when they came to me with it I told John Calley, who was running Warner Bros. then, that I didn't want it.
But then I read a three-page treatment for a sequel written by a man named William Goodhart and I was really intrigued by it because it was about goodness.
And we recut the actual prints in the theatres, about six a day, but it didn't help of course and I couldn't bear to talk about it, or look at it, for years.
It was first released on DVD format on August 6, 2002, in snapcase packaging, while a second DVD was made available in standard packaging on November 3, 2009.
The set includes the theatrical cut, a shorter alternative version of the film, new interviews with Linda Blair and editor Tom Priestly as well as commentary tracks from director John Boorman and project consultant Scott Bosco.
It was made available on September 25, 2018. and, like its predecessor and successors, is available for online viewing-streaming video rental and permanent download though Amazon, Apple iTunes Store and Vudu.
The Nestlé Children's Book Prize, and Nestlé Smarties Book Prize for a time, was a set of annual awards for British children's books that ran from 1985 to 2007.
It was administered by Booktrust, an independent charity that promotes books and reading in the United Kingdom, and sponsored by Nestlé, the manufacturer of Smarties candy.
There were three award categories defined by audience ages 0 to 5 years, 6 to 8 years, and 9 to 11 years (introduced in 1987 after two years with no single prize).
On his retirement, he was reported to be the longest continually serving face on Australian television with a media career spanning six decades.
Walden was farewelled at State Parliament hosted by Premier Denis Napthine and awarded a lifetime achievement quill by the Melbourne Press Club.
Starting his media career at radio station 3YB-FM at Warrnambool, Victoria, in 1961, he worked as a cadet journalist in radio.
One of his first assignments at HSV-7 was to go to Darwin to report on the devastation of Cyclone Tracy which ripped through the tropical city on 25 December 1974 (Christmas Day).
In 1978, he became the first working journalist appointed chief news presenter at HSV-7, replacing Brian Naylor who had moved to rival station GTV-9.
He was told of his dismissal only minutes before going on air to present what became his final news bulletin for the station.
In June 2013, Mal downscaled his role with Network Ten ahead of his intended retirement at the end of 2013 after 40 years as a news presenter and reporter.
Other than main character Clark Kent, Chloe is the only main character to last the duration of the show, though Mack signed on for only five episodes in the tenth and final season.
In the first five seasons, Chloe harbors an unrequited love for Clark, but eventually accepts her place as his best friend and nothing more.
In later seasons, Chloe discovers she has a meteor rock power of her own, until she apparently loses them during an encounter with the alien supervillain Brainiac.
In the show's final seasons, Chloe finds romance with Oliver Queen, otherwise known as the costumed vigilante-archer Green Arrow, whom she eventually marries and has a son with.
Chloe Sullivan has been characterized as independent, intelligent, curious and impulsive by both the writers and the actress that portrays her.
The latter two characteristics often cause Chloe to get into trouble with both her friends and with local industrialists Lionel Luthor and his son Lex, two of the show's primary antagonists.
Introduced in the series pilot, Chloe spends much of season one helping her best friend Clark Kent (Tom Welling) stop the citizens of Smallville who have developed special abilities from genetic mutations, caused by the meteor rocks that fell to Smallville in 1989, from committing crimes.
place Chloe and her father in a safe-house until Lionel's trial; unfortunately, the safe-house explodes once Chloe and her father enter and they are presumed dead.
Alicia hopes that Chloe will write a story exposing Clark, but Chloe decides that Clark kept his secret for a reason and decides not to write the story.
Chloe finally reveals to Clark in the season five premiere that she has known his secret, but that she wanted him to be comfortable enough to tell her on his own.
At the same time, Clark reveals that he was not infected by the meteor rocks in Smallville, as Chloe initially suspected, but that he is in fact an alien who was sent to Earth as a baby during the meteor shower of 1989.
In the season finale, Chloe learns that her special power lets her heal any wound and even reverse death, when it activates to save Lois.
At the start of season eight, it is revealed that Chloe was not arrested by DDS, but Lex's security personnel impersonating DDS agents.
While subjected to their tests, Chloe discovers that her altercation with Brainiac has apparently caused to her to lose her meteor-related powers, but instilled two new abilities: vast super intelligence and technopathy.
She attempts to assist Davis' suicide using kryptonite; when this fails, she stays by his side in order to keep Doomsday under control.
However, when Davis discovers that Chloe is still in love with Jimmy, he stabs Jimmy and attempts to kill Chloe; Jimmy impales him on a metal rod, and they both die.
Chloe vows to keep the Watchtower Jimmy gave her as a wedding gift open, in the hope that all lost heroes—namely Oliver and his team—will find their way home.
At the start of the ninth season, using Oliver's money, Chloe transforms the Watchtower into an information fortress and superhero headquarters.
In this capacity, she acquires a rival in Tess's computer expert Stuart Campbell (Ryan McDonell); her status as superhero information broker also makes her a target for Checkmate bosses Amanda Waller (Pam Grier) and Maxwell Lord (Gil Bellows).
In the season ten première, when Oliver is kidnapped by Suicide Squad leader Rick Flag (Ted Whittall), Chloe risks her own sanity by putting on the helmet of Doctor Fate to learn his location.
With the information acquired from Fate's helmet, she organizes a switch for Oliver; in Flag's captivity, Chloe fakes suicide and goes off-the-grid.
In a flashforward in the series finale, Chloe is now the mother to a young boy, but remains in touch with Clark and Lois.
She is the original creation of Al Gough and Miles Miller, having not been produced first in the DC Comics Universe, unlike the other main characters Clark Kent, Lana Lang, Lex Luthor, and Pete Ross.
For season three, Mack wanted the character to be given a major obstacle to overcome, something that would help the character mature.
Mack believes that this event was a turning point for Chloe's maturity; it is the moment that she realizes that there needs to be a line she should never cross.
After it is revealed to Clark in the season five premiere that Chloe knows his secret, the character becomes a larger part of the storyline for the show.
Knowing Clark's secret allowed Chloe to finally come to terms with her feelings for Clark, and recognize where their relationship will always be; Chloe's acceptance of her place in Clark's life provides a means for the two to have a more meaningful friendship, without the concerns of Chloe's unrequited love.
For the actress, having Chloe become part of the meteor infected community in season six allowed Mack's character to continue to evolve.
Mack views this transition as a means for her character to become more emotionally connected to those people—the meteor infected—she spent five seasons trying to expose to the public.
Being infected by the meteors gives Chloe motivation to try to understand them and allows her to grow closer to Clark, as she can better understand what it feels like to live in a world where you have a special ability.
Writer Holly Harold believes that, in addition to being infected by the meteor rocks, bringing Lois into the journalistic field also provides Chloe with a lot of ammunition for growth and development.
Next to her curiosity, her impulsiveness is a key characteristic that eventually leaves her under the control of Lionel Luthor, when she offers to uncover information on Clark for Lionel.
As Allison Mack explains, Chloe is so blinded by her love for Clark that she neglects to see all of the mistakes that he makes.
A leading theory among audiences was that Chloe would eventually change her name to Lois Lane, Clark's wife in the comics, as she embodies various characteristics that Lois Lane has in the comic books.
The creative team removed the notion that Chloe was going to turn into Clark's future wife when they introduced Lois Lane in season four.
The actress further defines the power as the ability to heal others by taking their pain and making it her own.
According to Slavkin, Chloe has sacrificed so much in her life for the greater good that it only seemed natural that her meteor power would reflect that.
In season eight, Chloe discovers that she also has super-intelligence – being able to solve complex algorithms faster than LuthorCorp's most powerful supercomputer.
She and Clark later deduce that her newfound intelligence was brought on during her encounter with Brainiac, who infected her with a part of himself during his attack.
Regardless of Clark's feelings, Mack recognizes that Chloe is blinded by her love for Clark, which ultimately affects her judgment in not only seeing Clark's faults, but making choices that place her character in danger.
In season five, Clark finally discovers that Chloe knows his secret, and this revelation allows Chloe the opportunity to come to terms with her feelings for Clark; this also provided a means for the two have a more meaningful friendship, without the concerns of Chloe's unrequited love.
Speaking on the evolving relationship of Clark and Chloe, Mack believes that the season six introduction of Jimmy Olsen into Chloe's life increased her value to Clark.
Before, Chloe would drop anything for Clark, but now that Chloe has other priorities, it makes Clark realize how valuable she is to him.
The relationship is strained when Chloe has to lie to cover up Clark's secret, as well as keeping the fact that she is meteor-infected hidden.
Writer Holly Harold questions whether or not Jimmy has taken over the place in Chloe's heart that Clark occupied for so long.
In a brainstorming session, Mack, Gough and Millar came up with the idea that Chloe's mother had left her at a young age.
Mack feels that Chloe has real abandonment issues, which play on the fact that she never feels like she is good enough for anyone.
These abandonment issues were meant to provide a reason for why the character is devastated by the fact that Clark does not love her the same way that she loves him, as well as the reason for why Chloe does not have many female friends.
One of Chloe's story arcs in season five involved her finding her mother in a mental institution, and living with the fear that she will have a mental breakdown of her own and end up in a psychiatric facility.
This fear also affects Clark, who worries that keeping his secret will have negative effects on Chloe, like it did Pete.
Mack has been nominated seven consecutive times—between 2002 and 2009—for Teen Choice Award's Choice Teen Sidekick; she won the award in 2006 and 2007.
Here, she starts investigating the death of LuthorCorp employee Earl Jenkins, which takes her to a research company known as Nu-Corp. Chloe interviews Nu-Corp's Dr. Arthur Walsh, who reveals that he knows what really happened to Earl Jenkins while he was working at LuthorCorp.
Walsh begins sending Chloe videos, which lead Chloe to discover that Walsh was working with Donovan Jameson, the head of Nu-Corp, and Dr. Stephen Hamilton on experimentations involving the meteor rocks.
Chloe and Pete Ross (Sam Jones III), who accompanies Chloe as her cameraman, learn that Jameson is experimenting on meteor infected people in order to steal their abilities.
Jameson, exhibiting the same jitters as Earl Jenkins, attempts to kill Chloe and Pete to hide what he has been doing, but his jitters become uncontrollable and he kills himself in his lab.
As Chloe and Pete leave the lab they come across Lionel Luthor, leading Chloe to realize that Lionel was funding Jameson's efforts.
Rojas, working with meteor infected individuals Yang and Molly Griggs, wants Chloe's help to expose LuthorCorp's experimentation on the meteor infected.
She quickly realizes, after attending one of Jacobi's shows, that he is nothing more than a con artist, which causes her to devote her time to proving that so no one will fall victim to his schemes.
While attending a party put on by Lex, Chloe is injured during an attack on the crowd by Dansk, who has turned into a reptilian creature thanks to exposure to the meteor rocks.
Written by Bryan Q. Miller, who also wrote for the television series, the first issue reveals that Chloe and Oliver Queen are living in Star City.
She and Lois discover a spacecraft in Earth's atmosphere, later revealing the pilot is Chloe's counterpart from a parallel reality (the same universe where Clark Luthor and alternate-Lionel Luthor was from).
After Chloe asks Lois to steal the components and plans of Lionel Luthor's memory device, Project Intercept, with Oliver, Chloe had Emil Hamilton build it with upgrades so she can find information from the remnants of her deceased counterpart's memories.
Inside what is left of her counterpart's mind, Chloe finds a universe coming to an end, caused by an attack led by a powerful gargantuan being; she also witnesses Lois Queen's death.
She finds she now has some of the memories of her counterpart, and discovers her killer is one of the Multiverse's guardians, the Monitors.
After taking a leave of absence with Oliver, Chloe later return as Clark begins to gather everyone to make a stand against The Monitors.
Those roles were already filled by the adult comic book versions of Lana Lang and Lois Lane, so the plan was to give the character a new background.
Busiek believed that this would make her different from Lana and Lois, but still familiar to readers who also watched the show.
Another distinguishing feature would be that this version of Chloe would not know Clark's secret, nor would she be meteor infected.
Spencer decided to introduce Chloe after he began conceiving of a clever, dogged female reporter for Jimmy Olsen to interact with, and realized that he had been subconsciously writing about Chloe.
The Castle of Salir () is an Almohad fortress, located in the civil parish of the same name (Salir (Loulé)), 16 kilometres from the municipality seat of Loulé in the Portuguese Algarve.
It was part of the a network of Almohad castles, an extensive line of coastal defenses that stretched into the interior from Castro Marim until Alcoutim.
Its function was to protect the farmers from attacks by Christians, and which intensified after the conquest of Tavira by knights of the Order of Santiago.
The construction of the castle occurred in the 12th century, but was King Sancho I of Portugal conquered the settlement in 1189.
The master was to await the arrival of Afonso (1248–1279) so that they could unite their forces and remove the last vestiges of resistance in the Algarve.
In 1758, there were 11 homes in Salir, likely due to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake which caused damage to the castle and surrounding countryside.
The slow deterioration of the castle was, by 1841, semi-complete, as reports from the site suggest that the structure was in ruins.
From a nearby mountain, Aben-Fabilia saw his captive daughter in the hands of the Christians and with his right hand made a sign of the Star of David, uttering some mysterious words.
At that moment, while the knight Gonçalo Peres was talking to the girl, she was transformed into a statue of rock.
The memory of the strange event became linked to Salir, whose towns folk named the village in honour of the courageous youth.
The castle is located in a rural, semi-mountainous isolated location, implanted in an elevated point in the Algarvean Barrocal, located north-northwest from the parish seat of Salir.
The articulated spaces are aligned horizontally, but with no roofing (except for the traditional home at its centre and interpretative center).
A main doorway is not identifiable, although there are indications that it was situated on the extreme southeast, corresponding to the principal access-way to the castle.
There are five definable walls, defined by the main fate and four separate towers, all rectangular and some state of ruin.
The wall is little more than wide, that was almost completely destroyed in course of accessing the spaces; what remains is just a section .
This is all that is left of the circuit that encircles the castle and connected to the interior of the grounds.
It is difficult to determine the state of the original interiors, articulation of the spaces, illumination or ceilings, due to the state of decay.
In contrast with the German design, which could only have its wing sweepback angle adjusted on the ground, the Bell engineers devised a system of electric motors to adjust the sweep in flight.
The incomplete Messerschmitt P.1101 fighter prototype recovered by United States troops in 1945 from the experimental facility at Oberammergau, Germany, was brought back to the United States.
Although damaged in transit, the innovative fighter prototype was delivered to the Bell factory at Buffalo, New York where company engineering staff studied the design closely, and, led by Chief Designer Robert J.
A jackscrew assembly moved the wing's hinge along a set of short horizontal rails, using disc brakes to lock the wing into its inflight positions.
The articulation of the hinge and pivots partly compensated for the shifts in center of gravity and center of pressure as the wings moved.
Even so, the X-5 had vicious spin characteristics arising from the aircraft's flawed aerodynamic layout, particularly a poorly positioned tail and vertical stabilizer which, in some wing positions, could lead to an irrecoverable spin.
This violent stall / spin instability would eventually cause the destruction of the second aircraft and the death of its Air Force test pilot in 1953.
The unfavorable spin characteristics also led to the cancellation of tentative plans by the United States Air Force to modify the X-5's design into a low-cost tactical fighter for NATO and other foreign countries.
The first was completed 15 February 1951, and the two aircraft made their first flights on 20 June and 10 December 1951.
The other X-5 remained at Edwards and continued active testing until 1955, and remained in service as a chase plane until 1958.
The X-5 successfully demonstrated the advantage of a swing-wing design for aircraft intended to fly at a wide range of speeds.
Despite the X-5's stability problems, the concept was later successfully implemented in such aircraft as the General Dynamics F-111 and Grumman F-14 Tomcat, the Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-23 and MiG-27, the Sukhoi Su-17/20/22 and Su-24, the Tupolev Tu-22M and Tu-160, the Panavia Tornado and the Rockwell B-1 Lancer.
The sole surviving X-5 is now at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio.
She was launched on 23 May 1963 and commissioned on 25 April 1964 and was the 8th ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name.
Much of 1980 was spent in the Far East, but a planned nine-month deployment ended with the start of the Iran–Iraq War.
The frigate decommissioned in January 1987 and was sunk as a target in July 1988, as part of naval exercises in the North Atlantic.
Solid-fuel rocket boosters (SRBs) are large solid propellant motors used to provide thrust in spacecraft launches from initial launch through the first ascent stage.
Many launch vehicles, including the Ariane 5, GSLV MK3, Atlas V, and the NASA Space Shuttle, have used SRBs to give launch vehicles much of the thrust required to ascend from the launch pad.
Solid-fuel rocket boosters (SRBs) are large solid propellant motors used to provide thrust in spacecraft launches from initial launch through the first ascent stage.
Many launch vehicles, including the Ariane 5, Atlas V, and the NASA Space Shuttle, have used SRBs to give launch vehicles much of the thrust required to place the vehicle into orbit.
The NASA Space Shuttle used two Space Shuttle SRBs, which were the largest solid propellant motors ever built and the first designed for recovery and reuse.
Compared to liquid propellant rockets, the solid-propellant SRBs have been capable of providing large amounts of thrust with a relatively simple design.
Adding detachable SRBs to a vehicle also powered by liquid-propelled rockets known as staging reduces the amount of liquid propellant needed and lowers the launch vehicle mass.
Solid propellant boosters are not controllable and must generally burn until exhaustion after ignition, unlike liquid propellant or cold-gas propulsion systems.
Nozzle blocking or deformation can lead to overpressure or a reduction in thrust, while defects in the booster's casing or stage couplings can cause the assembly to break apart by increasing aerodynamic stresses.
Solid rocket motors can present a handling risk on the ground, as a fully fueled booster carries a risk of accidental ignition.
Such an accident occurred in the August 2003 Brazilian rocket explosion at the Brazilian Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara VLS rocket launch pad, killing 21 technicians.
The sport, mostly practised in southern Germany, Austria and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy, has been demonstrated at the Winter Olympic Games on two occasions.
Although the sport is probably much older, the first proof of ice stock sport being practised stems from a 16th-century painting by Belgian painter Pieter Brueghel.
European Championships were first held in 1951, and World Championships were first held in 1983, after the International Federation Ice Stock Sport (IFE) had been established.
First written mentioning of icestock sport as messengers arrive to bring news of the capture of Richard Lion-heart to Leopold V, Duke of Austria, who were playing icestock on the frozen river Danube by Vienna shortly before Christmas 1192.
There are several disciplines in ice stock sport, of which only target shooting and distance shooting are contested in international championships.
The term is used 24 times in the Hebrew Bible (in the book of Psalms), twice in deuterocanonical books, and four times in the Christian Book of Revelation.
translation due to the belief in iconicity: the perception that there is something intrinsic about the relationship between the sound of the word and its meaning.
In Tractate Shabbat of the Talmud, Rabbi Yose is quoted as saying that the Pesukei dezimra Psalms should be recited daily.
Psalms 145-150, also known as the Hallel of pesukei dezimra, are included to fulfill this requirement in the liturgy for the traditional Jewish Shacharit (morning) service.
This expanded version of the third blessing in the Amidah is said during the Shacharit and Mincha (morning and afternoon) services when there is a minyan present.
In the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, and in many older Protestant denominations, the Alleluia, along with the Gloria in excelsis Deo, is not spoken or sung in liturgy during the season of Lent, instead being replaced by a Lenten acclamation, while in Eastern Churches, Alleluia is chanted throughout Lent at the beginning of the Matins service, replacing the Theos Kyrios, which is considered more joyful.
At the Easter service and throughout the Pentecostarion, Christos anesti is used in the place where Hallelujah is chanted in the western rite expressing happiness.
The medieval village of Flavigny is situated on a rocky spur, surrounded by three streams: the Ozerain, the Recluse and the Verpant.
In the mid-9th century, in response to the increasing frequency of Viking raids, the relics of Saint Reine (or Santa Regina) were removed from the nearby town of Alise to Flavigny in the hopes that they could be better protected in a more fortified setting.
The relics remain in Flavigny to this day, although they travel back to Alise every autumn for the celebration of the saint's feast day in early September.
The town was prosperous during the Middle Ages, catering to large numbers of pilgrims, both those who came to visit the relics of Saint Reine and those on their way to Santiago de Compostela.
By the 10th century, the abbey had grown into a town, with a parish church dedicated to St. Genest in addition to the abbey church (dedicated to St. Peter).
Large sections of these walls still surround the village to this day, including the Porte du Val, which includes both an inner gate dating to the 13th century and a 16th-century outer gate, and the 15th-century Porte du Bourg, with a statue of the Virgin.
In 1632 the Ursuline convent of Flavigny was founded, and in the early 18th century a new residence for the Abbot of Flavigny was constructed.
However, by that time the abbacy had become corrupt and was held by a layman who had little to do with the town.
The abbey church was probably already in ruins, although local tradition holds that it suffered damage at the hands of revolutionaries.
In the 21st century, Flavigny has fewer than 400 year-round residents, although this number increases in the summer due to the substantial number of foreigners (British, Swiss, American, Australian, German) who have summer homes in the village.
The monks present retreats for lay Catholics and also offer workshops on desk top publishing, the manufacturing of icons and more.
Flavigny also has a seminary of the Society of St. Pius X, a traditionalist organisation, the Séminaire International Saint Curé d'Ars.
The society has no canonical status within the Roman Catholic Church but is engaged in dialogue with the Vatican about achieving this in the future (see the Present canonical status of the SSPX).
Bloch was influenced by Hegel and Karl Marx, as well as by apocalyptic and religious thinkers such as Thomas Müntzer, Paracelsus, and Jacob Boehme.
Bloch's work focuses on the thesis that in a humanistic world where oppression and exploitation have been eliminated there will always be a truly revolutionary force.
When the Nazis came to power, they had to flee, first into Switzerland, then to Austria, France, Czechoslovakia, and finally the United States.
In 1948, Bloch was offered the chair of philosophy at the University of Leipzig, and he returned to East Germany to take up the position.
Among his many academic students from this period was his assistant Manfred Buhr, who earned his doctorate with him in 1957, and was later professor in Greifswald, then director of the Central Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences (ADC) in Berlin and who became a critic of Bloch.
However, the Hungarian uprising in 1956 led Bloch to revise his view of the SED (Socialist Unity Party) regime, whilst retaining his Marxist orientation.
Because he advocated humanistic ideas of freedom, he was obliged to retire in 1957 for political reasons – not because of his age, 72 years.
A number of scientists and students spoke publicly against this forced retirement, among them the renowned professor and colleague Emil Fuchs and his students as well as Fuchs's grandson .
When the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, he did not return to the GDR, but went to Tübingen in West Germany, where he received an honorary chair in Philosophy.
Robert S. Corrington has been influenced by Bloch, though he has tried to adapt Bloch's ideas to serve a liberal rather than a Marxist politics.
This shift allowed for the emergence of utopian performativity and a new wave of performance theorizing as Bloch's formulation of utopia shifted how scholars conceptualize the ontology and the staging of performances as imbued with an enduring indeterminacy, as opposed to dominant performance theories found in the work of Peggy Phelan, who view performance as a life event without reproduction.
A deviancy amplification spiral (also called deviance amplification) is a media hype phenomenon defined by media critics as a cycle of increasing numbers of reports on a category of antisocial behaviour or some other 'undesirable' event, leading to a moral panic.
Usually the deviance is criminal, but it can also involve lawful acts considered morally repugnant by a large segment of society.
With the new focus on the issue, hidden or borderline examples that would not themselves have been newsworthy are reported, confirming the 'pattern'.
Reported cases of such 'deviance' are often presented as just 'the ones we know about' or the 'tip of the iceberg', an assertion that is nearly impossible to disprove immediately.
For a variety of reasons, the less sensational aspects of the spiraling story that would help the public keep a rational perspective (such as statistics showing that the behavior or event is actually less common or less harmful than generally believed) tend to be ignored by the press.
Members of the public are motivated to keep informed on these events, leading to high readership for the stories, feeding the spiral.
The resulting publicity has the potential to increase the deviant behavior by glamorizing it, or by making it seem common or acceptable.
In the next stage, public concern typically forces the police and the law enforcement system to focus more resources on dealing with the specific deviancy than it warrants.
Judges and magistrates then come under public pressure to deal out harsher sentences and politicians pass new laws to increase their popularity by giving the impression that they are dealing with the perceived threat.
The responses by those in authority tend to reinforce the public's fear, while the media continue to report police and other law enforcement activity, amplifying the spiral.
In this they argue using the case of fraud that there are some large problems, which those in positions of power are able to attenuate through not accurately measuring it, leading to statistics which under-estimate the problem, leading to less resources dedicated to it, re-enforcing the belief of those in power it is not a problem.
Land O'Lakes, Inc. is a member-owned agricultural cooperative based in the Minneapolis-St. Paul suburb of Arden Hills, Minnesota, United States, focusing on the dairy industry.
The cooperative has 1,959 direct producer-members, 751 member-cooperatives, and about 10,000 employees who process and distribute products for about 300,000 agricultural producers; handling 12 billion pounds of milk annually.
Land O'Lakes was founded on July 8, 1921 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, by representatives from 320 cooperative creameries as the Minnesota Cooperative Creameries Association.
The Association developed and implemented the systematic inspection, grading and certification of butter from member creameries, resulting in greater uniformity of product.
The co-op was often accused of unfair competition and false advertising in its early years, and compelled to defend its inspection and certification processes.
Eventually, however, the sweet butter marketing strategy drove competitors either to match the quality of butter produced under the Land O'Lakes name or see their sales decline.
Many competitors in the dairy products business copied the Land O'Lakes approach, and the certification of quality became a proven marketing technique in other product lines as well.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Land O'Lakes and Lake to Lake (which later merged into Land O'Lakes) had a rivalry with the National Farmers Organization over the practice of withholding milk from market.
The Land O'Lakes co-op has grown through numerous acquisitions, and now has a large business in farm supply in addition to dairy.
In 2001, it paid $360 million - and assumed $130 million in debt - to take over animal feed producer Purina Mills, once part of Ralston Purina.
Purina Mills' new owner planned to merge the company with its Land O'Lakes Farmland Feed division but would keep the Purina name and logo.
A federal court in 2002 ordered Land O'Lakes to pay $3 million for patent infringement to Dr William Pordy, the inventor of a type of dairy creamer.
Land O'Lakes took an ownership stake in egg producer MoArk in 1999; it took full ownership of the company in 2006.
In December, 2013 Land O' Lakes acquired Geosys, an international satellite imagery and remote sensing service provider headquartered in Toulouse, France.
Geosys continues to work with WinField to develop a web-based decision making tool enabling its members to view remote sensing maps based on Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), a measure of green biomass.
In December 2019, Land O'Lakes used autonomous truck technology developed by Plus.ai to successfully complete the first cross-country, commercial freight run by a self-driving truck.
The Land O'Lakes indigenous woman, named Mia, holding the butter box was painted in 1928 by Brown & Bigelow illustrator Arthur C. Hanson.
The package image is an example of the infinite-loop motif or Droste effect, in which the image is repeated, in theory infinitely, within itself.
In September 2009, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) released an undercover video allegedly depicting animal abuse of dairy cows at a Pennsylvania supplier for Land O’Lakes, Inc.
The supplier’s employee was found not guilty of animal cruelty charges resulting from this incident and an investigation by veterinarians hired by Land O’Lakes revealed no mistreatment of animals, but the veterinarians suggested that bedding, hygiene, ventilation and animal disposal practices be improved.
Since August 2012, WhiteWave Foods has licensed the Land O'Lakes name and sold coffee creamers and fluid dairy products under the brand.
Anti-clericalism is related to secularism, which seeks to remove the church from all aspects of public and political life, and its involvement in the everyday life of the citizen.
Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation.
Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution because revolutionaries witnessed the church playing a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it.
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was passed on July 12, 1790, requiring all clerics to swear allegiance to the French government and, by extension, to the increasingly anti-clerical National Constituent Assembly.
The anti-clericalism during the French Revolution initially began with attacks on church corruption and the wealth of the higher clergy, an action with which even many Christians could identify, since the Roman Catholic church held a dominant role in pre-revolutionary France.
During a two-year period known as the Reign of Terror, the episodes of anti-clericalism grew more violent than any in modern European history.
The new revolutionary authorities suppressed the church; abolished the Catholic monarchy; nationalized church property; exiled 30,000 priests and killed hundreds more.
As part of the campaign to dechristianize France, in October 1793 the Christian calendar was replaced with one reckoning from the date of the Revolution, and Festivals of Liberty, Reason and the Supreme Being were scheduled.
New forms of moral religion emerged, including the deistic Cult of the Supreme Being and France's first established state sponsored atheistic Cult of Reason, with all churches not devoted to these being closed.
When anticlericalism became a clear goal of French revolutionaries, counter-revolutionaries seeking to restore tradition and the Ancien Régime took up arms, particularly in the War in the Vendée (1793 to 1796).
Eventually, Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety denounced the dechristianization campaign and tried to establish their own religion, without the superstitions of Catholicism.
After a change of heart, Napoleon then re-established the Catholic Church in France with the signing of the Concordat of 1801, and banned the Cult of the Supreme Being.
A further phase of anti-clericalism occurred in the context of the French Third Republic and its dissensions with the Catholic Church.
Prior to the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, the Catholic Church enjoyed preferential treatment from the French state (formally along with the Jewish, Lutheran and Calvinist minority religions, but in practice with much more influence than those).
During the 19th century, public schools employed primarily priests as teachers, and religion was taught in schools (teachers were also obliged to lead the class to Mass).
In 1881–1882 Jules Ferry's government passed the Jules Ferry laws, establishing free education (1881) and mandatory and lay education (1882), giving the basis of French public education.
A law of 7 July 1904 preventing religious congregations from teaching any longer, and the 1905 law on separation of state and church, were enacted under the government of Radical-Socialist Émile Combes.
However, the theme of subsidized private schools in France, which are overwhelmingly Catholic but whose teachers draw pay from the state, remains a sensitive issue in French politics.
More than 500 of 1,188 monasteries in Austro-Slav lands (and a hundred more in Hungary) were dissolved, and 60 million florins taken by the state.
In 1871, the Catholic Church comprised 36.5% of the population of the German Empire, including millions of Germans in the west and South, as well as the vast majority of Poles.
In this newly founded Empire, Bismarck sought to appeal to liberals and Protestants (62% of the population) by reducing the political and social influence of the Catholic Church.
By the height of anti-Catholic measures, half of the Prussian bishops were in prison or in exile, a quarter of the parishes had no priest, half the monks and nuns had left Prussia, a third of the monasteries and convents were closed, 1800 parish priests were imprisoned or exiled, and thousands of laypeople were imprisoned for helping the priests.
The Kulturkampf backfired, as it energized the Catholics to become a political force in the Centre party and revitalized Polish resistance.
Bismarck broke with the Liberals over religion and over their opposition to tariffs; He won Centre party support on most of his conservative policy positions, especially his attacks against Socialism.
Some politicians that had played important roles in this process, such as Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour, were known to be hostile to the temporal and political power of the Church.
Throughout the history of Liberal Italy, relations between the Italian government and the Church remained acrimonious, and anticlericals maintained a prominent position in the ideological and political debates of the era.
Tensions eased between church and state in the 1890s and early 1900s as a result of both sides' mutual hostility toward the burgeoning Socialist movement, but official hostility between the Holy See and the Italian state was finally settled by fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and Pope Pius XI: the Lateran Accords were finalised in 1929.
After World War II, anti-clericalism was embodied by the Italian Communist and Italian Socialist parties, in opposition to the Vatican-endorsed party Christian Democracy.
Recently, the Catholic Church has been taking a more aggressive stance in Italian politics, in particular through Cardinal Camillo Ruini, who often makes his voice heard commenting the political debate and indicating the official line of the Church on various matters.
Anti-clericalism, however, is not the official stance of most parties (with the exception of the Italian Radicals, who, however identify as laicist), as most party leaders consider it an electoral disadvantage to openly contradict the Church: since the demise of the Christian Democracy as a single party, Catholic votes are often swinging between the right and the left wing, and are considered to be decisive to win an election.
As part of the anticlerical revolution, the bishops were driven from their dioceses, the property of clerics was seized by the state, wearing of the cassock was banned, all minor seminaries were closed and all but five major seminaries.
A law of February 22, 1918 permitted only two seminaries in the country, but they had not been given their property back.
Religious orders were expelled from the country, including 31 orders comprising members in 164 houses (in 1917 some orders were permitted to form again).
The first instance of anti-clerical violence due to political conflict in 19th century Spain occurred during the Trienio Liberal (Spanish Civil War of 1820–1823).
During riots in Catalonia, 20 clergymen were killed by members of the liberal movement in retaliation for the Church's siding with absolutist supporters of Ferdinand VII.
In 1836 following the First Carlist War, the Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal () promulgated by Juan Álvarez Mendizábal, prime minister of the new regime abolished the major Spanish Convents and Monasteries.
In the first years some laws were passed secularising education, prohibiting religious education in the schools, and expelling the Jesuits from the country.
June 3, 1933 he issued the encyclical Dilectissima Nobis, in which he described the expropriation of all Church buildings, episcopal residences, parish houses, seminaries and monasteries.
By law, they were now property of the Spanish State, to which the Church had to pay rent and taxes in order to continuously use these properties.
During the Civil War in Spain started in 1936, Catholics largely supported Franco and the Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939.
Anti-clerical assaults during what has been termed by the Nationalists Red Terror included sacking and burning monasteries and churches and killing 6,832 members of the clergy.
The party was less fervent in its support for the Catholic Church, which it saw as an elite being an obstacle for the movement to be able to fully control the state.
Despite this, no massacres of Catholics have been caused by Falangists, who supported the Church as a result of their alliance to monarchists and other nationalist movements.
There are accounts of Catholic faithful being forced to swallow rosary beads, thrown down mine shafts and priests being forced to dig their own graves before being buried alive.
In French Canada following the Conquest, much like in Ireland or Poland under foreign rule, the Catholic Church was the sole national institution not under the direct control of the British colonial government.
However, there was a small anti-clerical movement in French Canada in the early nineteenth drawing inspiration from American and French liberal revolutions.
This group was one current (but by no means the dominant) one in the Parti canadien its associated Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837.
In the more democratic politics that followed the rebellions, the more radical and anti-clerical tendency eventually formed the Parti rouge in 1848.
At the same time in English Canada, a related phenomenon occurred where the primarily Nonconformist (mostly Presbyterian and Methodist) Reform movement conflicted with an Anglican establishment.
The vastly different religious backgrounds of the Reformers and rouges was one of the factors which prevented them from working together well during the era of two-party coalition government in Canada (1840–1867).
After 1867, this party added like-minded reformers from the Maritime provinces, but struggled to win power, especially in still strongly-Catholic Quebec.
Once Wilfrid Laurier became party leader, however, the party dropped its anti-clerical stance and went on to dominate Canadian politics throughout most of the twentieth century.
Since that time, Liberal prime ministers have been overwhelmingly Catholic (St. Laurent, Trudeau, Chrétien, Martin), but since the 1960s Liberals have again had a strained relationship with the Catholic church, and have increasing parted with the Catholic church's teachings on sexual morality, as when Trudeau legalized homosexuality and streamlined divorce (as justice minister under Pearson), and Martin legalized same-sex marriage.
The Quebec Liberal Party embraced formerly taboo social democratic ideas, and the state intervened in fields once dominated by the church, especially health and education, which were taken over by the provincial government.
This pre-existing role of religion as ideological adjunct to the state in pre-Columbian culture made it relatively easy for the Spanish conquistadors to replace native religious structures with those of a Catholicism that was closely linked to the Spanish throne.
This anti-clericalism was often purportedly based on the idea that the clergy (especially the prelates who ran the administrative offices of the Church) were hindering social progress in areas such as public education and economic development.
Some members of these liberal regimes sought to imitate the Spain of the 1830s (and revolutionary France of a half-century earlier) in expropriating the wealth of the Catholic Church, and in imitating the eighteenth-century benevolent despots in restricting or prohibiting the religious orders.
As a result, a number of these liberal regimes expropriated Church property and tried to bring education, marriage and burial under secular authority.
The confiscation of Church properties and changes in the scope of religious liberties (in general, increasing the rights of non-Catholics and non-observant Catholics, while licensing or prohibiting the orders) generally accompanied secularist and governmental reforms.
The Mexican Constitution of 1824 had required the Republic to prohibit the exercise of any religion other than the Roman Catholic and Apostolic faith.
More severe laws called Calles Law during the rule of Plutarco Elías Calles eventually led to the Cristero War, an armed peasant rebellion against the Mexican government supported by the Catholic Church.
Article 3 called for secular education in the schools and prohibited the Church from engaging in primary education; Article 5 outlawed monastic orders; Article 24 forbade public worship outside the confines of churches; and Article 27 placed restrictions on the right of religious organizations to hold property.
But 1928 saw the assassination of President Alvaro Obregón by Catholic radical José de León Toral, gravely damaging the peace process.
Where 4,500 priests served the people before the rebellion, in 1934 there were only 334 priests licensed by the government to serve fifteen million people, the rest having been eliminated by emigration, expulsion and assassination.
This issue was one of the bases for the lasting dispute between Conservatives, who represented primarily the interests of the Sierra and the church, and the Liberals, who represented those of the Costa and anticlericalism.
Tensions came to a head in 1875 when the conservative President Gabriel García Moreno, after being elected to his third term, was allegedly assassinated by anticlerical Freemasons.
La Violencia refers to an era of civil conflict in various areas of the Colombian countryside between supporters of the Colombian Liberal Party and the Colombian Conservative Party, a conflict which took place roughly from 1948 to 1958.
Across the country, militants attacked churches, convents, and monasteries, killing priests and looking for arms, since the conspiracy theory maintained that the religious had guns, and this despite the fact that not a single serviceable weapon was located in the raids.
These Liberals held that the Church and its intellectual backwardness were responsible for a lack of spiritual and material progress in Colombia.
Liberal-controlled local, departmental and national governments ended contracts with religious communities who operated schools in government-owned buildings, and set up secular schools in their place.
These actions were sometimes violent, and were met by a strong opposition from clerics, Conservatives, and even a good number of more moderate Liberals.
The original Argentine Constitution of 1853 provided that all Argentine presidents must be Catholic and stated that the duty of the Argentine congress was to convert the Indians to Catholicism.
Liberal anti-clericalists of the 1880s established a new pattern of church-state relations in which the official constitutional status of the Church was preserved while the state assumed control of many functions formerly the province of the Church.
Conservative Catholics, asserting their role as definers of national values and morality, responded in part by joining in the rightist religio-political movement known as Catholic Nationalism which formed successive opposition parties.
This began a prolonged period of conflict between church and state that persisted until the 1940s when the Church enjoyed a restoration of its former status under the presidency of Colonel Juan Perón.
In 1954, Argentina saw extensive destruction of churches, denunciations of clergy and confiscation of Catholic schools as Perón attempted to extend state control over national institutions.
In Venezuela, the government of Antonio Guzmán Blanco (in office from 1870–1877, from 1879–1884, and from 1886–1887) virtually crushed the institutional life of the church, even attempting to legalize the marriage of priests.
Cuba, under the rule of atheist Fidel Castro, succeeded in reducing the Church's ability to work by deporting the archbishop and 150 Spanish priests, by discriminating against Catholics in public life and education and by refusing to accept them as members of the Communist Party.
In the Soviet Union, anti-clericalism was expressed through the state; in the first five years alone after the Bolshevik revolution, 28 bishops and 1,200 priests were executed.
During the fall of Suharto in 1998, a witch hunt in Banyuwangi against alleged sorcerers spiraled into widespread riots and violence.
As part of his Westernization program, the traditional role of the ruling clergy was minimized; Islamic schools were secularized, women were forbidden to wear the hijab, sharia law was abolished, and men and women were desegregated in educational and religious environments.
When Ayatollah Khomeini took power a month after the revolution, the Shah's anticlerical measures were largely overturned, replaced by an Islamic Republic based on the principle of rule by Islamic jurists, , where clerics serve as heads of state and hold many powerful governmental positions.
According to the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, Freemasonry was historically viewed by the Catholic Church as being a principal source of anti-Clericalism, – especially in, but not limited to, historically Catholic countries.
The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official museum of the United States Air Force located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, northeast of Dayton, Ohio.
The NMUSAF is the oldest and largest military aviation museum in the world, with more than 360 aircraft and missiles on display.
The museum draws about a million visitors each year, making it one of the most frequently visited tourist attractions in Ohio.
In 1932, the collection was named the Army Aeronautical Museum and placed in a WPA building from 1935 until World War II.
In 1954, the Air Force Museum became public and was housed in its first permanent facility, Building 89 of the former Patterson Field in Fairborn, which had been an engine overhaul hangar.
Through the 1960s, Eugene Kettering, son of Charles F. Kettering, led the project to build a permanent structure to house the collections and became the first chairman of the board of the Air Force Museum Foundation.
Not including its annex on Wright Field proper, the museum has more than tripled in square footage since 1971, with the addition of a second hangar in 1988, a third in 2003, and a fourth in 2016.
The museum's collection contains many rare aircraft of historical or technological importance, and various memorabilia and artifacts from the history and development of aviation.
The building houses more than 70 aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles in four new galleries - Presidential, Research and Development, Space and Global Reach, along with three science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) Learning Nodes.
The aircraft and its crew became iconic symbols of the heavy bomber crews and support personnel who helped defeat Nazi Germany.
The centerpiece of the presidential aircraft collection is SAM 26000, a modified Boeing 707 known as a VC-137C, used regularly by presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon.
Vice President Johnson was sworn in as president aboard it shortly after the assassination, and the aircraft then carried Kennedy's body back to Washington.
A large section of the museum is dedicated to pioneers of flight, especially the Wright Brothers, who conducted some of their experiments at nearby Huffman Prairie.
At any time, more than 50 World War II-vintage A-2 leather flying jackets are on display, many of which belonged to famous figures in Air Force history.
The displays include the jacket worn by Brigadier General James Stewart, P-38 ace Major Richard I. Bong's sheepskin B-3 jacket and boots, an A-2 jacket worn by one of the few USAAF pilots to leave the ground during the attack on Pearl Harbor, and President Ronald Reagan's USAAF peacoat.
It now houses post-Cold War era planes such as the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit stealth bomber (test aircraft), the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth ground attack aircraft and others.
A fourth hangar was completed in 2016, to house the museum's space collection, presidential planes, and an enlarged educational outreach area.
Previously these collections were housed in an annex facility on Area B of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (the former Wright Field).
Because the annex was physically located on the base itself, museum guests were required to go through additional security checks before taking museum buses to the hangar.
The museum has a large format theater that shows, for a fee, aviation- and space-oriented films interspersed primarily with other documentaries.
The museum owns other USAF aircraft, including former U.S. Army Air Service, USAAC or USAAF aircraft, that are on loan to other aerospace museums in the United States and overseas, as well as those on permanent static display at various U.S. Air Force installations and tenant activities worldwide, and at Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard installations across the United States.
The museum's staff has very high standards for the restoration and quality of care of loaned assets and has, in the past, revoked these loans when it was deemed that these other museums did not have the resources to properly care for an artifact.
This upgrade included a new stage, theater seats and a new theater screen to support a broader range of programming—including educational presentations, live broadcasts and expanded documentary choices.
The Air Force Museum Foundation recently supported a major capital construction program that expanded the museum to the current 1 million square feet of exhibit space with the addition of the fourth building that now houses the Space Gallery, Presidential Aircraft Gallery and Global Reach Gallery.
With the addition of new space, more than 70 aircraft that were in storage have been put back on display, such as the XB-70 Valkyrie.
The Air Force Museum Foundation is a private, non-profit organization that supports the mission and goals of the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.
Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) is a clade and a superorder of mammals, the living members of which belong to one of the five following groups: rodents, lagomorphs, treeshrews, colugos and primates.
The Euarchontoglires clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and retrotransposon markers that combine the clades Glires (Rodentia + Lagomorpha) and Euarchonta (Scandentia + Primates + Dermoptera).
So far, few if any distinctive anatomical features have been recognized that support Euarchontoglires, nor does any strong evidence from anatomy support alternative hypotheses.
Although both Euarchontoglires and diprotodont marsupials are documented to possess a vermiform appendix, this feature evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
Euarchontoglires is now recognized as one of the four major subclades within the clade Eutheria (i.e., placentalia (placental mammals)), and it is usually discussed without a taxonomic rank but has been called a cohort, magnorder, or superorder.
Euarchontoglires probably split from the Laurasiatheria sister group about 85 to 95 million years ago, during the Cretaceous, and developed in the Laurasian island group that would later become Europe.
One study based on DNA analysis suggests that Scandentia and Primates are sister clades, but does not discuss the position of Dermoptera.
Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal Euarchontoglires clades, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires.
Dick James (born Leon Isaac Vapnick; 12 December 1920 – 1 February 1986) was a British music publisher and singer, and, together with his son Stephen, founded the DJM record label and recording studios, as well as (with Brian Epstein) the Beatles' publisher Northern Songs.
He sang with North London dance bands in his early teens, and was a regular vocalist at the Cricklewood Palais by the age of seventeen.
In 1958 he joined Sidney Bron Music as a song-plugger but decided to leave and open Dick James Music in 1961.
The pair subsequently established Northern Songs Ltd., with Beatles John Lennon and Paul McCartney, to publish Lennon and McCartney's original songs.
(Fellow Beatles George Harrison and Ringo Starr were also signed to Northern Songs as songwriters, but did not renew their contracts in 1968).
What initially began as an amicable working relationship between the Beatles and James disintegrated by the late 1960s: the Beatles considered that James had betrayed and taken advantage of them when he sold Northern Songs in 1969 without offering the band an opportunity to buy control of the publishing company.
James profited handsomely from the sale of Northern Songs, but the Beatles never again had the rights to their own songs.
He was involved, along with Brian Epstein, in offering Bobby Willis a singing contract which he turned down on his future wife, Cilla Black's, insistence.
James signed Elton John (then known as Reginald Dwight) and his lyricist Bernie Taupin as untried unknowns in 1967 after his son Stephen, who had been working with his father since 1963, found Dwight using their recording studios late at night without permission.
Stephen, who had started the recording studios and opened a record production company called This Productions, formed DJM Records in 1969.
John formed his own Rocket label in 1973, but in 1982, he was involved in a court case with James about royalties.
Defence Regulation 18B, often referred to as simply 18B, was one of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during the Second World War.
In early 1939 it was decided that since a war might break out without warning or without time to pass an Act of Parliament to bring in emergency regulations, the Regulations should be split into two codes.
Code A would be needed immediately if war broke out and could be passed in peacetime, while Code B, containing more severe restrictions on civil liberties, would be brought in later.
It was originally intended that Code B would be imposed by an Order in Council, with retrospective indemnity being granted by an Act of Parliament should anyone dispute the actions of the authorities.
On 24 August 1939, after tensions rose over Poland, the House of Commons was recalled from its summer recess to pass the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, which gave authority to implement the Defence Regulations.
The total would have been higher if William Joyce had not been tipped off by an MI5 officer, who appears to have been Maxwell Knight, about his impending internment, allowing him to flee to Germany.
In the Commons a group of Labour and Liberal MPs attempted to have Code B annulled on 31 October 1939, but were persuaded to withdraw their motion in favour of consultation that produced slightly amended wording.
The recent rapid seizure of power in Norway by Vidkun Quisling raised the possibility of a fifth column deposing the British government.
Then on 20 May 1940 a raid on the home of Tyler Kent, a cypher clerk at the U.S. Embassy, revealed that Kent had stolen copies of thousands of telegrams, including those between Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt.
This opened the possibility that Ramsay might use parliamentary privilege to reveal the telegrams, which Churchill had not told the Cabinet about.
The first detainees were sent to HM Prison Wandsworth for men and HM Prison Holloway for women, but the men were later moved to HM Prison Brixton.
With the expansion in numbers in 1940 came a shortage of prison accommodation, so some derelict wings of prisons (including Stafford and Liverpool women's prison) were brought back into use to house internees.
The winter quarters of Bertram Mills's circus provided one camp at Ascot Racecourse, and uncompleted council housing at Huyton near Liverpool was used from March 1941.
Finally the authorities solved the accommodation problem, both for 18B internees and for interned enemy aliens by setting up camps on the Isle of Man.
The committee would be presented with a statement of the reasons why detention had been proposed, drawn up by MI5, which the detainee was not permitted to see.
The committee's recommendations went to the Home Secretary, who was not bound to accept them, and MI5 often lobbied him not to accept a recommendation to release.
Archibald Maule Ramsay, the only MP detained, had the matter referred to the House of Commons Committee on Privileges for a ruling as to whether the detention of an MP was a breach of the Privilege of Parliament.
Fear of immediate invasion subsided after the Battle of Britain and the number of 18B internees slowly decreased as those of least concern were released.
Oswald Mosley, who was said to be suffering from phlebitis, was released on 23 November 1943, to a great deal of public criticism.
The invasion of France on D-Day again lifted pressure and by the end of 1944 only 65 18B internees remained, most of whom were naturalised German-born citizens.
The President of the Basque Government (, ), usually known in the Basque language as the Lehendakari (, ), is the head of government of the Basque Autonomous Community.
They are defined as tumors whose behavior is driven by mutations in the KIT gene (85%), PDGFRA gene (10%), or BRAF kinase (rare).
Most (66%) occur in the stomach and gastric GISTs have a lower malignant potential than tumors found elsewhere in the GI tract.
Historically, literature reviews prior to the molecular definition of GIST, and for a short time thereafter, asserted that 70-80% of GISTs were benign.
The identification of a molecular basis for GIST led to the exclusion of many tumors that had been considered as GIST previously, and also the incorporation of a much larger number of tumors that had been labeled as other types of sarcomas and undifferentiated carcinomas.
For example, some previous diagnoses of stomach and small bowel leiomyosarcomas (malignant tumor of smooth muscle) would be reclassified as GISTs on the basis of immunohistochemical staining.
Nonetheless, different GISTs have different risk assessments of their tendency to recur or to metastasize, dependent on their site of origin, size, and number of mitotic figures.
Due to the change in definition, clinical pathways of care before the year 2000 are largely uninformative in the current era.
Often, there is a history of vague abdominal pain or discomfort, and the tumor has become rather large by time the diagnosis is made.
Small tumors are generally benign, especially when cell division rate is slow, but large tumors disseminate to the liver, omentum and peritoneal cavity.
GISTs are thought to arise from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), that are normally part of the autonomic nervous system of the intestine.
These include, in descending order of frequency, neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen (NF-1), Carney's triad (gastric GIST, pulmonary chondroma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma), germline gain-of-function mutations in c-Kit/PDGFRA, and the Carney-Stratakis syndrome.
The Carney-Stratakis syndrome is a dyad of hereditary GIST and paraganglioma, that is caused by germline mutations in the mitochondrial tumor suppressor gene pathway involving the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits SDHD, SDHC and SDHB.
The c-KIT product/CD117 is expressed on ICCs and a large number of other cells, mainly bone marrow cells, mast cells, melanocytes and several others.
Mutations generally occur in the DNA encoding the intracellular part (exon 11), which acts as a tyrosine kinase to activate other enzymes.
About 10-15% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) carry wild-type sequences in all hot spots of KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) (wt-GISTs).
These tumors are currently defined by having no mutations in exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 of the KIT gene and exons 12, 14, and 18 of the PDGFRA gene.
The definitive diagnosis is made with a biopsy, which can be obtained endoscopically, percutaneously with CT or ultrasound guidance or at the time of surgery.
Large ones grow, mainly outward, from the bowel wall until the point where they outstrip their blood supply and necrose (die) on the inside, forming a cavity that may eventually come to communicate with the bowel lumen.
If the CD117 stain is negative and suspicion remains that the tumor is a GIST, the newer antibody DOG-1 (Discovered On GIST-1) can be used.
Intestinal GISTs may displace loops of bowel and larger tumors may obstruct the bowel and films will show an obstructive pattern.
However, some GISTs may be located entirely outside the lumen of the bowel and will not be appreciated with a barium swallow.
Even in cases when the barium swallow is abnormal, an MRI or CT scan must follow since it is impossible to evaluate abdominal cavities and other abdominal organs with a barium swallow alone.
In a CT scan, abnormalities may be seen in 87% of patients and it should be made with both oral and intravenous contrast.
Among imaging studies, MRI has the best tissue contrast, which aids in the identification of masses within the GI tract (intramural masses).
The ability of MRI to produce images in multiple planes is helpful in determining the bowel as the organ of origin (which is difficult when the tumor is very large), facilitating diagnosis.
Since GISTs arise from the bowel layer called muscularis propria (which is deeper to the mucosa and submucosa from a luminal perspective), small GIST imaging usually suggest a submucosal process or a mass within the bowel wall.
In barium swallow studies, these GISTs most commonly present with smooth borders forming right or obtuse angles with the nearby bowel wall, as seen with any other intramural mass.
As the tumor grows it may project outside the bowel (exophytic growth) and/or inside the bowel (intraluminal growth), but they most commonly grow exophytically such that the bulk of the tumor projects into the abdominal cavity.
If the tumor outstrips its blood supply, it can necrose internally, creating a central fluid-filled cavity with bleeding and cavitations that can eventually ulcerate and communicate into the lumen of the bowel.
In contrast enhanced CT images, large GISTs appear as heterogeneous masses due to areas of living tumor cells surrounding bleeding, necrosis or cysts, which is radiographically seen as a peripheral enhancement pattern with a low attenuation center.
The solid portions of the tumor are typically low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, are high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and enhance after administration of gadolinium.
In distinction to gastric adenocarcinoma or gastric/small bowel lymphoma, malignant lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) is uncommon (<10%) and thus imaging usually shows absence of lymph node enlargement.
If metastases are not present, other radiologic features suggesting malignancy include: size (>5 cm), heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration and ulcerations.
Also, overtly malignant behavior (in distinction to malignant potential of lesser degree) is less commonly seen in gastric tumors, with a ratio of behaviorally benign to overtly malignant of 3-5:1.
Even if radiographic malignant features are present, these findings may also represent other tumors and definitive diagnosis must be made immunochemically.
Laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive abdominal surgery using telescopes and specialized instruments, has been shown to be effective for removal of these tumors without needing large incisions.
Radiotherapy has not historically been effective for GISTs and GISTs do not respond to most chemotherapy medications, with responses in less than 5%.
In these situations, the use of neoadjuvant imatinib can significantly decrease both tumour size and mitotic activity, and permit less radical sphincter-preserving surgery.
A substantial proportion of GIST tumors have a high risk of recurrence as estimated by a number of validated risk stratification schemes, and can be considered for adjuvant therapy.
The selection criteria underpinning the decision for possible use of imatinib in these settings include a risk assessment based on pathological factors such as tumor size, mitotic rate, and location can be used to predict the risk of recurrence in GIST patients.
Tumors <2 cm with a mitotic rate of <5/50 HPF have been shown to have lower risk of recurrence than larger or more aggressive tumors.
Regorafenib (Stivarga) was FDA approved in 2013 for advanced GISTs that cannot be surgically removed and that no longer respond to imatinib (Gleevec) and sunitinib (Sutent).
In the case of invasive species, perceived cuteness may help thwart efforts to eradicate non-native intruders, such as the white fallow deer in Point Reyes, California.
The effect was also cited in the events following a record snowfall in the U.S. state of Colorado in 2007, when food for mule deer, pronghorns, and elk became so scarce that they began to starve; the Colorado Department of Wildlife was inundated with requests and offers to help the animals from citizens, and ended up spending almost $2 million feeding the hungry wildlife.
Absorbed dose is a dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass.
Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiology (potential beneficial effects for example in cancer treatment).
The SI unit of measure is the gray (Gy), which is defined as one Joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter.
Conventionally, in radiation protection, unmodified absorbed dose is only used for indicating the immediate health effects due to high levels of acute dose.
The measurement of absorbed dose in tissue is of fundamental importance in radiobiology as it is the measure of the amount of energy the incident radiation is imparting to the target tissue.
The absorbed dose is equal to the radiation exposure (ions or C/kg) of the radiation beam multiplied by the ionization energy of the medium to be ionized.
(33.97 eV per ion pair) Therefore, an exposure of (1 roentgen) would deposit an absorbed dose of (0.00876 Gy or 0.876 rad) in dry air at those conditions.
When the absorbed dose is not uniform, or when it is only applied to a portion of a body or object, an absorbed dose representative of the entire item can be calculated by taking a mass-weighted average of the absorbed doses at each point.
The mass average can be important in evaluating the risks of radiotherapy treatments, since they are designed to target very specific volumes in the body, typically a tumour.
For example, if 10% of a patient's bone marrow mass is irradiated with 10 Gy of radiation locally, then the absorbed dose in bone marrow overall would be 1 Gy.
The first figure (10 Gy) is indicative of the local effects on the tumour, while the second and third figure (1 Gy and 0.04 Gy) are better indicators of the overall health effects on the whole organism.
Additional dosimetry calculations would have to be performed on these figures to arrive at a meaningful effective dose, which is needed to estimate the risk of cancer or other stochastic effects.
Medical imaging doses may be described in units of coulomb per kilogram, but when radiopharmaceuticals are used, they will usually be administered in units of becquerel.
Equivalent and effective dose quantities are expressed in units of the sievert or rem which implies that biological effects have been taken into account.
The derivation of stochastic risk is in accordance with the recommendations of the International Committee on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU).
For whole body radiation, with Gamma rays or x-rays the modifying factors are numerically equal to 1, which means that in that case the dose in grays equals the dose in sieverts.
Wilhelm Röntgen first discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895, and their use spread very quickly for medical diagnostics, particularly broken bones and embedded foreign objects where they were a revolutionary improvement over previous techniques.
Due to the wide use of X-rays and the growing realisation of the dangers of ionizing radiation, measurement standards became necessary for radiation intensity and various countries developed their own, but using differing definitions and methods.
Eventually, in order to promote international standardisation, the first International Congress of Radiology (ICR) meeting in London in 1925, proposed a separate body to consider units of measure.
This was called the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, or ICRU, and came into being at the Second ICR in Stockholm in 1928, under the chairmanship of Manne Siegbahn.
One of the earliest techniques of measuring the intensity of X-rays was to measure their ionising effect in air by means of an air-filled ion chamber.
At the first ICRU meeting it was proposed that one unit of X-ray dose should be defined as the quantity of X-rays that would produce one esu of charge in one cubic centimetre of dry air at 0 °C and 1 standard atmosphere of pressure.
This approach, although a great step forward in standardisation, had the disadvantage of not being a direct measure of the absorption of radiation, and thereby the ionisation effect, in various types of matter including human tissue, and was a measurement only of the effect of the X-rays in a specific circumstance; the ionisation effect in dry air.
This unit was found to be equivalent to 88 ergs in air, and made the absorbed dose, as it subsequently became known, dependent on the interaction of the radiation with the irradiated material, not just an expression of radiation exposure or intensity, which the roentgen represented.
In the late 1950s, the CGPM invited the ICRU to join other scientific bodies to work on the development of the International System of Units, or SI.
It was decided to define the SI unit of absorbed radiation as energy deposited per unit mass which is how the rad had been defined, but in MKS units it would be J/kg.
Absorbed dose is also used to manage the irradiation and measure the effects of ionising radiation on inanimate matter in a number of fields.
The measurement of absorbed dose absorbed by inanimate matter is vital in the process of radiation hardening which improves the resistance of electronic devices to radiation effects.
Alan Price (born 19 April 1942) is an English musician, best known as the original keyboardist for the British band the Animals and for his subsequent solo work.
After leaving the Animals, Price went on to have success on his own with his own band the Alan Price Set and later with Georgie Fame.
In August 1967, he appeared with the Animals at the hippy love-in that was held in the grounds of Woburn Abbey.
During the 2000s he has continued to tour the UK with his own band and others including the Manfreds, Maggie Bell and Bobby Tench.
2016 saw the release of Savaloy Dip, an album recorded in 1974, but due to it being accidentally issued in the wrong way, it was recalled by the company.
It was intended to be a sequel to O Lucky Man!, but eventually the next album being Between Today and Yesterday, with the title track being taken from the Savaloy Dip recording.
The genus has a worldwide distribution and most of the approximately 400 species that have been described are from Asia (notably Nepal, China, Japan, Bhutan, Korea, Vietnam, and Thailand).
The 3410 was the first Java phone by Nokia, as well as being one of the earliest mobile phones outside Japan to feature 3D graphics and an image editor.
The Nokia 3410 was never being released in Asia-Pacific due to the release of their variant of the 3310, called the Nokia 3315, which featured almost same design cues as from Nokia 3410.
The Nokia 3410 is compact, but somewhat heavy with a weight of 114 grams with the 825mAh removable Li-Ion battery equipped.
It has up and down buttons to assist with menu navigation and a stiff black button on the top of the phone serves as a switch to turn profiles on and off.
It also came packed with a WAP 1.1 Browser, and basic utilities such as a calculator, alarm clock, stop watch, and countdown timer.
Despite its monochrome screen and a 96×65 screen resolution, it almost includes all of the rendering features from OpenGL ES 1.0.
It uses a proprietary API for the mobile phone to render 3D graphics via the baseband processor (Texas Instruments MAD2WDI C GSM Baseband Processor).
However, rendering on this device is only displayed on lower polygon count (since it uses software renderer) and it runs slower than other mobile phones that supports 3D graphics.
The nucleus that contains the four sets divides twice, separating into four new nuclei – each of which has one complete set of chromosomes.
However, exposure to the DNA damaging agent hydrogen peroxide induces pair-wise mating of haploid cells of opposite mating type to form transient diploid cells that then undergo meiosis to form asci, each with four ascospores.
These findings suggest that mating followed by meiosis is an adaptation for repairing DNA damage in the parental haploid cells in order to allow production of viable progeny ascospores.
Hitman is a stealth video game series developed by the Danish company IO Interactive, previously published by Eidos Interactive and Square Enix.
The series is available on Microsoft Windows as well as several video game consoles, including the PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
A film adaptation in 2007, which is loosely based on the storyline of the games, was negatively received, but became a financial success.
The games revolve around Agent 47, a cloned contract killer, whose flawless record places him in high demand among the wealthy and elite, as he assassinates numerous high-profile criminals across the globe.
After a year, he is shown to be working for the covert International Contract Agency, or ICA, under his handler Diana Burnwood.
He is sent on a mission to eliminate four crime bosses across the world, before being hired to kill a fifth target, Doctor Kovacs, at the sanitarium where 47 was imprisoned.
As events transpire, 47 finds out that all his targets were part of an advanced cloning experiment, with him as the result; the perfect assassin.
Professor Ort-Meyer, himself the scientific head of the experiments, is revealed to be the client who ordered the hits and, to protect himself, sends a squad of docile, highly trained 48 clones against 47.
Getting back in contact with the ICA, he arranges with Diana that he will work for them if they help trace Father Vittorio.
Eventually, it is revealed that Father Vittorio's kidnapping was orchestrated by Sergei Zavorotko, the brother of one of the men whose DNA helped create 47, to bring 47 out of retirement and kill everyone who was in on a deal by Zavorotko to purchase a nuclear warhead.
47 kills one of the two Franchise assassins and is given a final contract by Diana, who has dissolved the ICA, to take down the Franchise.
Soon, an old acquaintance of 47, former CIA agent Smith, reveals that the Franchise, planning to assassinate the US president, is merely a puppet organization for Alpha Xerox, a shadowy political organization who wish to monopolize the cloning techniques that gave birth to 47: they wish to kill the President before he can put a halt to their plans.
At his hideout, he is seemingly betrayed and poisoned by Diana, with the Franchise preparing to cremate the assassin so his DNA cannot be used for further cloning experiments.
47's 'death' is later revealed to be a tactic which would bring 47 within killing range of everyone at the funeral, including Franchise agent Cayne.
47, his identity now a secret, goes into hiding and Diana uses the remains of the Franchise to revive the ICA.
During a mission, Diana is forced to suddenly abandon 47 when she sees that the Agency operatives are coming for her.
Due to her sudden disconnection from him, 47 is nearly killed during the mission and decides to cut contact with the ICA.
Benjamin Travis, who is Diana's superior within the Agency, contracts him to kill Diana and bring a girl she has in her care, Victoria, to the Agency.
It is revealed that Victoria is a clone, like 47, created in secret by Travis, whom the ICA would train to be an assassin.
The assassin soon comes into conflict with Blake Dexter, the head of Dexter Industries and a top figure in the criminal underworld, who wishes to sell Victoria to the highest bidder.
At the end, it is revealed that 47 spared Diana and it is implied that she and 47 are once more working for the ICA.
While Diana is impressed with 47's skills as a silent assassin, training director Erich Soders believes that 47 is too dangerous as they could find nothing on his background check that gives the ICA any leverage over him.
Soders rigs 47's final test so that it would be impossible to complete on his own, although Diana learns of Soders plot and in turn assists 47 in completing the test.
Twenty years later, following the events of the previous game, 47 is sent to Paris to eliminate fashion mogul Viktor Novikov and his partner Dahlia Margolis, who are secretly the ring leaders of the international spy ring IAGO.
After completing the contract he is sent to Sapienza, Italy to eliminate the wealthy bioengineer Silvio Caruso and his Head of Lab Francesca DeSantis who both work for the Ether Bio Corporation and to destroy a genetically engineered virus that targets an individual unique DNA signature.
Later, 47 is sent to Marrakesh, Morocco to eliminate Claus Strandberg and General Zeydan, who are planning to overthrow the Moroccan government.
47 proceeds to eliminate the lieutenants of the shadow client and discovers evidence that he has been using 47 to hunt members of Providence, a group of global elites who rule the world in secret.
The final cutscene of season 1 shows a Providence operative discussing a partnership with the ICA to track down the shadow client.
47 receives information connecting CEO of Kronstadt Industries, Robert Knox, and his daughter, Sierra Knox, to the Shadow Client, and Providence, impressed with their work, authorizes them to eliminate the rest of the Shadow Client's militia, as their attacks on CEOs are causing a global panic.
47 is then sent to Miami to kill the Knoxes, who defected from Providence to the Shadow Client after becoming paranoid about the attacks.
After they have been eliminated, the Shadow Client is revealed as Lucas Grey, who attempts to fulfill his own plans along with hacktivist Olivia Hall and insists that they need 47's help to take down Providence.
47 is then sent to Colombia to assassinate drug kingpin Rico Delgado and two other members of the infamous Delgado cartel.
It is revealed that the cartel had been creating fake IDs for the Shadow Client's militia, and 47 is sent to Mumbai to find and eliminate The Maelstrom, the Shadow Client's second lieutenant, as well as two other sea pirates that killed a Providence operative.
As children, he and 47 had attempted to escape Dr. Ort-Meyer's facility, but only Grey succeeded, and 47 had his memory wiped.
47 then remembers that he and 6 made a pact that they would take revenge on whoever made them into assassins, and this prompts a meeting between 47, Grey, Diana, and Hall in Berlin.
After being injected with the antidote to the memory wiping drug, 47 reveals that the first Constant is an ex-KGB spy named Janus who currently resides in a quiet Vermont suburb.
Diana then files a false ICA report claiming Janus is the Shadow Client and that Grey is just a subordinate, giving 47 permission to infiltrate the suburban town and kill Janus and his top bodyguard, Nolan Cassidy, and to search for clues about the Constant's whereabouts.
47 is then tasked to eliminate Zoe and Sophia Washington, the chairwomen of The Ark Society who hold the kill-switches for the poison chip, and to assist Grey in extracting the Constant from the island.
The game leaves off with the Constant revealing the names of the Partner families and by taunting Diana about what she does not know.
Set mainly in a third-person perspective, the core objective in each level of the games is to kill assigned targets (usually multiple and sometimes additional targets as an optional bonus).
Players can perform precise assassinations or slaughter indiscriminately in order to achieve the mission goals; however, the games reward a subtle approach by awarding special weapons or cash bonuses if players earn a favourable rank (usually achievable by eliminating only the assigned target, and without raising the alarm doing so).
47 can wear a variety of disguises (such as repairmen, police officers and waiters) to fool enemies and gain access to restricted areas.
In every game, the player character, Agent 47, has limited maneuverability; he cannot jump, scale walls, or mantle up ledges (there are a few pre-scripted places where he can jump from one balcony to another, but these are very rare).
This generally limits the player to a single plane of movement, although he is often presented the opportunity to move to higher or lower areas through the use of ladders, stairs, elevators, or hills.
and is also given with the option of climbing onto the top of elevators through the hatch, allowing the player to strangle a victim from above.
For example, walking around in a guard's uniform with the correct corresponding gun will not gather much notice, whereas running around in a waiter's uniform in a restricted area while carrying a visible weapon instead of an appetizer tray will result in an unwanted confrontation with the guards.
The best of these ratings was Silent Assassin, indicating no more than one shot per target (and a guard) with no alerts raised.
To achieve the ideal 'Silent Assassin' rank, it is required that 47 only kills his assigned targets, and few or no other NPCs.
Any civilians or armed personnel who witness a kill will count as witnesses, and will harm the player's rank if they remain alive or alert nearby guards.
47 has the option of killing witnesses before they reach a guard, but the unnecessary murder will still count against his rank, unless he kills them with an accident.
In most cases, it is required that 47 also hide the body of killed or unconscious victims, in order to avoid any unwanted alarm or if this is the desired effect 47 can leave the victims body in a wide open space for all to see.
It also appears in 'Hitman: Contracts' on the floor of the cloning lab, this time as though it is the actual floor design, as well as on Ort-Meyer's belt buckle.
47 meets his handler, Diana Burnwood, who assigns him to kill four criminal masterminds and then a doctor who is revealed to be the one who treated 47 at the asylum.
The four criminal masterminds that 47 killed were part of the cloning experiment and their deaths were ordered by Professor Wolfgang Ort-Meyer, the one behind the entire cloning process.
Ort-Meyer planned 47's escape, so he could have 47 kill the other four associates and use 47 for his own purposes.
47, with the help of a CIA agent named Carlton Smith, returns to the asylum and plans to kill his creator.
After murdering Dr. Ort-Meyer, Agent 47 has faked his death and unofficially resigned from the ICA, leaving behind his life as an assassin, and retreated to a church in Sicily to seek peace.
One day, while 47 is working in a garden, Father Vittorio is kidnapped and a ransom note is left for 47.
He states that he will return to his post as an ICA assassin if the agency can help him locate Father Vittorio.
47 is later told by Diana, that a satellite image shows Father Vittorio being taken away by 'Russian-looking types in uniform'.
As 47 realizes that he cannot find inner peace, 47 leaves the church and narrates that he can never retire in safety and must return to his life as an assassin.
The game begins with a cutscene showing a wounded Agent 47 wandering through a dark hotel corridor and entering his room.
He collapses and begins to have flashbacks regarding previous assassinations he committed, beginning with the aftermath of killing Dr. Ort-Meyer at the end of the .
The player guides 47 through the game's levels with the help of a satellite map which can be accessed at any time.
The map indicates the layout of each topographical area of the level, the whereabouts of 47 's main targets, and other AI-controlled characters.
In order to carry out his mission, 47 may use any method at his disposal to eliminate his targets, regardless of witnesses or violence done to bystanders.
Like the Agency, the Organization benefits from ties to various government agencies, is neutral in global affairs and morality, and performs missions all over the world.
Unlike the game wherein the hitmen are contracted from a range of backgrounds, the Organization instead recruits orphans and trains them from an early age.
This series told the story of the man who seemingly was contracted via ICA to kill 5 people in one week.
In 2012 the series was one of the top ten series chosen as an Official Selection to the prestigious Marseille Web Fest 2012 as well as being a 2012 Leo Award Nominee.
Eduardo Chillida Juantegui, or Eduardo Txillida Juantegi in Basque (10 January 1924 – 19 August 2002), was a Spanish Basque sculptor notable for his monumental abstract works.
Born in San Sebastián to Pedro Chillida and the soprano Carmen Juantegui on 10 January 1924, Eduardo Chillida grew up near the Biarritz Hotel, which was owned by his grandparents.
Chillida had been the goalkeeper for Real Sociedad, San Sebastián's La Liga football team, where his knee was so seriously injured that he had five surgeries, ending a promising football career.
In 1947 he abandoned architecture for art, and the next year he moved to Paris, where he set up his first studio and began working in plaster and clay.
In 1950 Chillida married Pilar Belzunce and later returned to the San Sebastián area, first to the nearby village of Hernani and in 1959 to the city of his birth, where he remained.
Chillida's sculptures concentrated on the human form (mostly torsos and busts); his later works tended to be more massive and more abstract, and included many monumental public works.
Upon returning to the Basque Country in 1951, Chillida soon abandoned the plaster he used in his Paris works – a medium suited to his study of archaic figurative works in the Louvre.
Living near Hernani, he began to work in forged iron with the help of the local blacksmith, and soon set up a forge in his studio.
Rather than turn over a maquette of a sculpture to fabricators, as many modern artists do, Chillida worked closely with the men in the foundry.
From quite early on, Chillida's sculpture found public recognition, and, in 1954, he produced the four doors for the basilica of Arantzazu, where works by other leading Basque sculptors – Jorge Oteiza, Agustin Ibarrola and Nestor Basterretxea – were also being installed.
The following year, he carved a stone monument to the discoverer of penicillin, Sir Alexander Fleming, for a park in San Sebastián (it subsequently disappeared, but a new version has been installed on the promenade at San Sebastián bay).
Much of Chillida's work is inspired by his Basque upbringing, and many of his sculptures' titles are in the Basque language Euskera.
The huge cubic cave, measuring 40 metres (131 ft) along each side, is to be dug from inside a mountain that has long been revered by the inhabitants of the dusty, barren island to the south of Lanzarote.
About 64,000 cubic metres of rock will be taken away from the mountain, which rises out of an arid landscape in the north of the island, to create what Chillida called his 'monument to tolerance'.
In 2011 local authorities decided to go ahead with a project by Chillida inside Mount Tindaya on Fuerteventura despite concerns from environmentalists.
Against a traditional view of space as an empty container for discrete bodies, these writings understand the body as already beyond itself in a world of relations and conceive of space as a material medium of relational contact.
Sculpture shows us how we belong to the world, a world in the midst of a technological process of uprooting and homelessness.
Also, this is what I think makes you perceive, and perceiving directly acts upon the present, but with one foot firmly planted in the future.
After his first solo exhibition at the Clan Gallery in Madrid in 1954, Chillida exhibited his work in more than 100 one-man shows.
He also participated in many international exhibitions, including the Venice Biennale (1958, 1988 and 1990); the Pittsburgh International, where he received the Carnegie Prize for sculpture in 1964 and, in 1978, shared the Andrew W. Mellon Prize with Willem de Kooning; and Documenta II, IV and VI.
Major retrospectives of Chillida's graphic and sculptural work have since been mounted by the National Gallery in Washington, D.C. (1979), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York (1980), Palacio de Miramar in San Sebastián (1992); and the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid (1999) and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (1999).
Chillida's sculptures have been collected by major museums, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York; the Tate Britain in London; the Kunsthalle Basel in Switzerland; and the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin.
In 1986 the Chillida collection of the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid was inaugurated; Chillida designed the museum's logo.
In the early 1980s Chillida and his wife bought a sixteenth century Basque farmhouse and surrounding land at Hernani near San Sebastián to establish a permanent place to display his work in a natural environment.
The museum closed by 2011 but reopened in 2019 with the backing of Hauser & Wirth, a Swiss modern art gallery.
In 2002, Vitoria-Gasteiz, the capital of the Basque country, awarded its gold medal, the city's highest honor, posthumously to Chillida and the architect Luis Peña Ganchegui, for building a square that has come to symbolize Basque re-emergence following Spain's return to democracy.
The term may also refer to cells interconnected by specialized membrane with gap junctions, as seen in the heart muscle cells and certain smooth muscle cells, which are synchronized electrically in an action potential.
In protists, syncytia can be found in some rhizarians (e.g., chlorarachniophytes, plasmodiophorids, haplosporidians) and acellular slime moulds, dictyostelids (amoebozoans) and acrasids (Excavata).
Most fungi of Basidiomycota exist as a dikaryon in which thread-like cells of the mycelium are partially partitioned into segments each containing two differing nuclei, called a heterokaryon.
The multinucleated (symplastic) arrangement is important in pathologic states such as myopathy, where focal necrosis (death) of a portion of a skeletal muscle fiber does not result in necrosis of the adjacent sections of that same skeletal muscle fiber, because those adjacent sections have their own nuclear material.
Embryo-derived cells that form the interface with the maternal blood stream fuse together to form a multinucleated barrier - the syncytiotrophoblast.
This is probably important to limit the exchange of migratory cells between the developing embryo and the body of the mother, as some blood cells are specialized to be able to insert themselves between adjacent epithelial cells.
This plasma membrane is in turn associated with a layer of carbohydrate-containing macromolecules known as the glycocalyx, that varies in thickness from one species to another.
During infection, viral fusion proteins used by the virus to enter the cell are transported to the cell surface, where they can cause the host cell membrane to fuse with neighboring cells.
Typically, the viral families that can cause syncytia are enveloped because viral envelope proteins on the surface of the host cell are needed to fuse with other cells.
Certain members of the Reoviridae family are notable exceptions due to a unique set of proteins known as fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins.
Reovirus induced syncytium formation is not found in humans, but is found in a number of other species and is caused by fusogenic orthoreoviruses.
However, if T helper cells are nearby, the gp41 HIV receptors displayed on the surface of the T helper cell will bind to other similar lymphocytes.
This makes dozens of T helper cells fuse cell membranes into a giant, nonfunctional syncytium, which allows the HIV virion to kill many T helper cells by infecting only one.
The Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour is a two-shaft low bypass turbofan aircraft engine developed by Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited, a joint venture between Rolls-Royce (UK) and Turbomeca (France).
The Adour is a turbofan engine developed primarily to power the Anglo-French SEPECAT Jaguar fighter-bomber, achieving its first successful test run in 1968.
As of July 2009 more than 2,800 Adours have been produced, for over 20 different armed forces with total flying hours reaching 8 million in December 2009.
The U.S. military designation for this engine is the F405-RR-401 (a derivative of the Adour Mk 871), which is currently used to power the fleet of Boeing / BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk trainer jets of the United States Navy.
Burman did major work with Asha Bhosle (his wife) and Kishore Kumar and scored many of the songs that made these singers famous.
He served as an influence to the next generation of Indian music directors, and his songs continue to be popular in India and overseas.
Burman was born to the Bollywood composer/singer Sachin Dev Burman and his lyricist wife Meera Dev Burman (née Dasgupta), in Calcutta.
It is believed that when S. D. Burman fell ill during the recording of the film's music, Burman took over and completed the music.
Just before her death she had been moved to an old age home, and moved back to her son's residence after the issue became a controversy.
Apart from Kishore Kumar, Burman also composed several of the popular songs sung by Mohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle and Lata Mangeshkar.
But after these three films flopped, Hussain stepped down as a director, and his son and successor Mansoor Khan switched to other composers.
However, the film belonged to the Parallel Cinema genre of (art films), so it did not stop the decline of Burman's commercial film career.
Burman suffered from a heart attack in 1988, and underwent heart bypass surgery a year later at The Princess Grace Hospital in London.
But since the film took too long to release and due to his untimely death, director Mazhar Khan signed in the then little known Anu Malik for the music of the film.
He is also noted for his partnership with the lyricist Gulzar, who wrote the words for several of his finest compositions.
Out of Burman's 331 released film scores, 292 were in Hindi, 31 in Bengali, 3 in Telugu, 2 each in Tamil and Oriya, and 1 in Marathi.
In addition, he scored a large number of non-film songs in Bengali, which are available in different albums, and from which many numbers were later adapted in Hindi films.
Though Burman laid the foundation for numerous Bollywood music directors to pave the path for the future of music in Bollywood cinema, he was awarded a total of only three Filmfare Awards, one of which was awarded posthumously (for ).
The sarcoplasm is also composed of glycogen, a polysaccharide of glucose monomers, which provides energy to the cell with heightened exercise, and myoglobin, the red pigment that stores oxygen until needed for muscular activity.
This network is composed of groupings of two dilated end-sacs called terminal cisternae, and a single transverse tubule, or T tubule, which bores through the cell and emerge on the other side; together these three components form the triads that exist within the network of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in which each T tubule has two terminal cisternae on each side of it.
The sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as reservoir for calcium ions, so when an action potential spreads over the T tubule, it signals the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions from the gated membrane channels to stimulate a muscle contraction.
Within the muscle fiber pressed against the sarcolemma are multiple flattened nuclei; embryologically, this multinuclear condition results from multiple myoblasts fusing to produce each muscle fiber, where each myoblast contributes one nucleus.
The cell membrane of a myocyte has several specialized regions, which may include the intercalated disk and the transverse tubular system.
The cytoskeleton is what the rest of the cell builds off of and has two primary purposes; the first is to stabilize the topography of the intracellular components and the second is to help control the size and shape of the cell.
While the first function is important for biochemical processes, the latter is crucial in defining the surface to volume ratio of the cell.
Myocytes are bound together by perimysium into bundles called fascicles; the bundles are then grouped together to form muscle tissue, which is enclosed in a sheath of epimysium.
Skeletal muscle fibers are made when myoblasts fuse together; muscle fibers therefore are cells with multiple nuclei, known as myonuclei, with each cell nucleus originating from a single myoblast.
These satellite cells remain adjacent to a skeletal muscle fiber, situated between the sarcolemma and the basement membrane of the endomysium (the connective tissue investment that divides the muscle fascicles into individual fibers).
This is due to the fact that exercise stimulates the increase in myofibrils which increase the overall size of muscle cells.
Well exercised muscles can not only add more size but can also develop more mitochondria, myoglobin, glycogen and a higher density of capillaries.
However muscle cells cannot divide to produce new cells, and as a result we have fewer muscle cells as an adult than a newborn.
The action potential uses transverse tubules to get from the surface to the interior of the myocyte, which is continuous within the cell membrane.
When the acetylcholine is released it diffuses across the synapse and binds to a receptor on the sarcolemma, a term unique to muscle cells that refers to the cell membrane.
This requires a large amount of ATP, as it is used in both the attachment and release of every myosin head.
Very quickly Ca is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which blocks the interaction between the thin and thick filament.
During treppe (or summation) contraction muscles do not start at maximum efficiency; instead they achieve increased strength of contraction due to repeated stimuli.
Tetanus involves a sustained contraction of muscles due to a series of rapid stimuli, which can continue until the muscles fatigue.
Note, however, that neither of these typing methods is directly metabolic in nature; they do not directly address oxidative or glycolytic capacity of the fiber.
Note the sub-type capitalization used in fiber typing vs. MHC typing, and that some ATPase types actually contain multiple MHC types.
However, later research showed that the human MHC IIb was in fact IIx, indicating that the IIB is better named IIX.
These types of properties—while they are partly dependent on the properties of individual fibers—tend to be relevant and measured at the level of the motor unit, rather than individual fiber.
These fibers are more suited for endurance and are slow to fatigue because they use oxidative metabolism to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
However, fast twitch fibers also demonstrate a higher capability for electrochemical transmission of action potentials and a rapid level of calcium release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The fast twitch fibers rely on a well-developed, anaerobic, short term, glycolytic system for energy transfer and can contract and develop tension at 2–3 times the rate of slow twitch fibers.
Fast twitch muscles are much better at generating short bursts of strength or speed than slow muscles, and so fatigue more quickly.
They tend to have a low activity level of ATPase, a slower speed of contraction with a less well developed glycolytic capacity.
Slow twitch muscles fire more slowly than fast twitch fibers, but are able to contract for a longer time before fatiguing.
Individual muscles tend to be a mixture of various fiber types, but their proportions vary depending on the actions of that muscle and the species.
It is believed there are no sex or age differences in fiber distribution; however, proportions of fiber types vary considerably from muscle to muscle and person to person.
It is thought that if you perform endurance type events for a sustained period of time, some of the type IIX fibers transform into type IIA fibers.
It may well be that the type IIX fibers show enhancements of the oxidative capacity after high intensity endurance training which brings them to a level at which they are able to perform oxidative metabolism as effectively as slow twitch fibers of untrained subjects.
This would be brought about by an increase in mitochondrial size and number and the associated related changes, not a change in fiber type.
BBC Midlands (known as the Midland Region from 1927 until c. 1974) is the BBC English Region producing local radio and web content for Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, the West Midlands, and Worcestershire.
Although the region has been unofficially called BBC West Midlands since BBC East Midlands became a separate region in 1991, it retains the BBC Midlands name and brand, with its history dating from 1927, for public use.
The region is the controlling centre for BBC WM, BBC Coventry and Warwickshire, BBC Hereford and Worcester, BBC Radio Stoke and BBC Radio Shropshire.
Some of this programming is simulcast with the radio stations in the BBC East Midlands region, and overnight BBC Radio 5 Live is simulcast.
BBC Midlands is the oldest of the BBC English Regions, having been formed (as the Midland Region) in 1927, when the new Borough Hill high-powered radio transmitter at Daventry became the first to replace the earlier lower-powered city-based radio stations, such as Birmingham's 5IT, and make regional and national broadcasting a technical possibility.
The Daventry transmitter broadcast two channels, and as further regional transmission stations followed (starting with London's Brookmans Park in 1929), this quickly established the pattern for pre-war broadcasting.
5XX from Daventry (later – from 7 October 1934 – from Droitwich) carried the BBC National Programme originating in London, while 5GB broadcast the BBC Regional Programme, the regional controller of which was free to schedule, as he saw fit, a mix of networked programming from London, regional programmes produced by the Birmingham base, and items taken from the output of other regions.
The first director of the new Midland regional service was Percy Edgar, who had been the announcer and Head of Programming for 5IT on its opening night in 1922 and was to be the dominant figure in Midlands broadcasting from its birth until 1945.
By 1935, the BBC's Midland Region covered an area extending from The Potteries to Norfolk and was producing 40% of its broadcast output itself - a greater proportion even than that of BBC Scotland.
Regional radio was suspended during World War II, but in July 1945, the BBC Home Service was launched on a similar regional basis to the pre-war Regional Programme.
The development of FM radio made it possible to fit a far greater number of channels into the spectrum without conflict and interference, which opened the possibility of more towns and cities having their own radio stations.
The Midlands Region opened the BBC's first local radio station, BBC Radio Leicester, in 1967, and with many more of these planned, the relevance of the regional radio station broadcasting from the Welsh border to the North Sea was immediately cast into doubt.
Although the Midlands had been the first area outside London to receive television coverage with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station in 1949, the greater cost of television production compared to radio meant that it was always going to be a more centralised service.
Although it fared better than the struggling BBC North or BBC West (which was threatened for a while with being absorbed by the Midlands Region), it was clear that if BBC Midlands was too large to be truly local in the radio market, it was equally too small to be as self-sufficient across the full range of television programming as it had been in radio.
The eastern part of the region was reborn as the Norwich-based BBC East, with both it and the smaller remaining BBC Midlands focussing entirely on regional television (primarily regional news) and local radio.
Regional radio ceased almost entirely (save for regional opt-outs on Radio 4 until 1980), and all television and radio production for national networks was transferred to the separate BBC Birmingham network production centre.
The cost of television production technology decreased throughout the 1980s and 1990s and this had several effects on the BBC in the Midlands.
The BBC's Midlands coverage had long been accused of being excessively Birmingham-centric, and in 1991, television broadcasting from the Waltham transmitting station and the BBC Radio Leicester, BBC Radio Nottingham and BBC Radio Derby radio stations were given over to a new Nottingham-based BBC East Midlands.
The first studios used by BBC Midlands were offices and a small studio in Broad Street, Birmingham; however these became too small for the expanding region.
Regional News remained at Broad Street until 1971, the small studio being ideal for news bulletins, while other productions took place in a former cinema in Gosta Green and a regency mansion in Carpenter Road, Edgbaston.
Advances in technology made outside broadcasts cheaper and much more common, while also increasing the scope for independent and outsourced television production.
In combination these meant that much television programming could increasingly be produced without the need for the sort of large integrated studio complexes represented by Pebble Mill.
In 2000, studio A was closed following the need to make savings at the corporation, and plans were made to dispose of Pebble Mill.
The Mailbox contains the studios, newsroom and radio facilities, all of which have windows allowing the public to view how their television and radio is made.
Though it was a commercial failure, the 909 became influential in the development of electronic dance music such as techno, house and acid.
It was the first Roland drum machine to use samples (prerecorded sounds), for its crash, ride and hi-hat sounds; other sounds are generated with analog synthesis.
The 909 was also the first Roland drum machine to use MIDI, allowing it to synchronize with other devices, or for sounds to be triggered by an external MIDI controller for wider dynamic range.
The 909 features a sequencer that can chain up to 96 patterns into songs of up to 896 measures, and controls including shuffle and flam.
According to Muroi, it was a commercial failure as users preferred the more realistic sampled sounds of competing products such as the LinnDrum.
Whereas the TR-808 was important in the development of hip hop, the 909, alongside the 303 synthesizer, influenced dance music such as techno, house and acid.
It was popularized in the late 1980s by producers in Chicago and Detroit such as Derrick May, Frankie Knuckles and Jeff Mills, who bought second-hand units.
As the first Roland drum machine to use MIDI, producers used the 909 as a hub to synchronize and sequence other machines, which Roland had not anticipated.
Robert Badinter (; born 30 March 1928) is a French lawyer, politician, and author who enacted the abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981, while serving as Minister of Justice under François Mitterrand.
He has also served in high-level appointed positions with national and international bodies working for justice and the rule of law.
Robert Badinter's father Simon was deported and killed in Sobibor, as he was one of the victims of the Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup in 1943.
He then went to United States to continue his studies at Columbia University in New York where he got his MA .
In 1965, along with Jean-Denis Bredin, Badinter founded the law firm Badinter, Bredin et partenaires, (now Bredin Prat) where he practiced law until 1981.
Along with Claude Buffet, Bontems had taken a prison guard and a nurse hostage during the 1971 revolt in Clairvaux Prison.
Applying the death penalty to a person who had not committed the killing outraged Badinter, and he dedicated himself to the abolition of the death penalty.
The death penalty was still applied in France on a number of occasions (three people were executed between 1976 and 1981), but its use was increasingly controversial as opinions rose against it.
Among his first actions was a bill to the French Parliament that abolished the death penalty for all crimes, which the Parliament passed after heated debate on 30 September 1981.
In 1991, Badinter was appointed by the Council of Ministers of the European Community as a member of the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia.
He was elected as President of the Commission by the four other members, all presidents of constitutional courts in the European Community.
Badinter continues his struggle against continued use of the death penalty in China and the United States, petitioning officials and working in the World Congress against it.
Badinter recently opposed the accession of Turkey to the European Union, on the grounds that Turkey might not be able to follow the rules of the Union.
This agreement was based on the principle that ethnic-related proposals passed by the national assembly (and later to be applied to actions of city councils and other local government bodies) should be supported by a majority of both Macedonians and Albanian ethnic groups.
In 2009, Badinter expressed dismay at the Pope's lifting of the excommunication of controversial English Catholic bishop Richard Williamson, who was illegally made a bishop and has denied the Holocaust.
It works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.
The Gibraltar Parliament has 17 members, all elected for a four-year term in one constituency with each voter getting to vote for their selection of ten candidates.
A person may only cast a vote in an election if he or she is on the Register of Electors - even if he or she would otherwise qualify to vote.
British nationals (this includes all forms of British nationality) who have lived in Gibraltar for a continuous period of six months and who intend to live in Gibraltar either permanently or indefinitely are entitled to register to vote in general elections to the Gibraltar Parliament if they will be aged 18 or over on polling day.
British, European Union and qualifying Commonwealth citizens (those who have a permit or certificate to enter/remain in Gibraltar, or not require such a permit/certificate on the date of their electoral registration application) living in Gibraltar are entitled to register to vote in elections to the European Parliament if they will be aged 18 or over on polling day.
British nationals and Commonwealth citizens living outside Gibraltar can register as an 'overseas voter' and vote in elections to the European Parliament provided that they were on the Register of Electors in Gibraltar within the past 15 years (the 15 years period begins when they no longer appeared in the Register of Electors, not the date they moved abroad).
For British nationals and Commonwealth citizens who moved abroad before they were 18 years old, they can still qualify for registration as an 'overseas elector' in elections to the European Parliament, with the 15 years period calculated from the date their parent(s)/guardian ceased to appear in the Register of Electors in Gibraltar.
Below is a series of results from elections to the Gibraltar Parliament and its predecessor, the House of Assembly (which was created upon the publication of the Gibraltar Constitution 1969).
Elections take place roughly every four years, 17 members (15 before 2007) are elected at each election, using partial bloc voting.
Each voter has ten votes (eight before 2007) meaning that parties usually stand ten candidates, and the winning party is that which manages to get all their candidates elected.
Unlike other overseas territories, Gibraltar has taken part as a UK counting area in three European elections and one UK-wide referendum as part of the South West England electoral region.
Some people have advocated, including individual MPs, UKIP, the Liberal Democrats and the Gibraltar in Westminster Movement that Gibraltar should be extended the franchise of voting in UK general elections as a Westminster constituency.
Safran Helicopter Engines, previously known as Turbomeca, is a French manufacturer of low- and medium-power gas turbine turboshaft engines for helicopters.
The company also produces gas turbine engines for aircraft and missiles, as well as turbines for land, industrial and marine applications.
Safran Helicopter Engines has 15 sites and operates on each continent, providing its customers with a proximity service through 44 distributors and certified maintenance centers, 18 Repair & Overhaul Centers, and 90 Field Representatives and Field Technicians.
Safran Helicopter Engines subsidiary Safran Power Units is the leading European manufacturer of turbojet engines for missiles, drones and auxiliary power units.
Safran Helicopter Engines was founded on August 29, 1938 by Joseph Szydlowski and André Planiol following the granting of their patent application for a supercharger in 1937.
This is shown by the production figures of the following three years: 18 compressor in , 300 in and 1200 in .
Although the factory at Mézières-sur-Seine was only really operational in June 1940, the government advised the move to the south of France due to the German advance.
The company went on to develop the RTM322 turboshaft, which powers Westland WAH-64, and some models of the AgustaWestland EH101 and NHI NH90.
In 2001 Safran Helicopter Engines and Rolls-Royce won a $1 billion USD contract to equip 399 German, French and Dutch NH90 helicopters with their RTM322 engines.
As of 2012, Safran Helicopter Engines turbines power civil, parapublic and defence helicopters for all the leading helicopter manufacturers (mainly Eurocopter, but also AgustaWestland, Sikorsky, Kamov, HAL, NHI).
More than 18,000 Safran Helicopter engines already power helicopters built by the world's leading manufacturers: Airbus Helicopters, AVIC, Sikorsky, Bell Helicopter, Finmeccanica Helicopters (formerly AgustaWestland), Denel, Russian Helicopters, HAL, Boeing, etc.
Safran offers several main engine families: Arrius and Arriel (up to 1,000 shaft horsepower), for light and medium helicopters; TM333, Arrano and Ardiden (rated at 1,000 to 2,000 SHP), for civil and military machines in the 5 to 8 ton class; Makila and RTM322 (over 2,000 SHP), for heavy rotorcraft.
Barrhead (, ) is a town in East Renfrewshire, Scotland, south-west of Glasgow city centre on the edge of the Gleniffer Braes.
Barrhead was formed a series of small textile-producing villages (Barrhead, Arthurlie, Grahamston and Gateside) gradually grew into one another to form one contiguous town.
In 1851 an explosion at the Victoria Pit colliery in nearby Nitshill occurred, killing 63 men and boys who worked in the mine, many of whom lived in Barrhead.
The victims were buried in a mass grave in the yard at St John's Church on Darnley Road, and although were later exhumed to other cemeteries, some may still reside at St John's in an unmarked grave.
The status of police burgh was granted in 1894 and William Shanks, proprietor of a local company, was elected as the first provost of Barrhead.
During the 19th and early 20th century, the town was a major centre for manufacturing, with industries including an iron foundry, tannery, and the Armitage Shanks porcelainware works, as well as Gaskell's carpet factory, employing generations of the town's residents.
In the latter 20th century, the decline and closure of nearly all of these industries caused a fall in local population and employment.
Barrhead is part of the county constituency of East Renfrewshire, electing one MP to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom Parliament.
For purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Barrhead forms part of the Renfrewshire South Constituency, represented by Tom Arthur of the Scottish National Party.
The town is about from the edge of the Glasgow urban area itself (Hurlet and Parkhouse neighbourhoods), separated by farmland and countryside, much of which is now part of the Dams to Darnley Country Park encompassing the Balgray and Waulkmill Glen Reservoirs and thecourse of the Brock Burn.
There is a range of retail goods available within Barrhead, although some residents still rely on Paisley and the nearby Silverburn Shopping Centre in Glasgow for the bulk of their purchases.
East Renfrewshire Council has committed nearly £100 million to a masterplan which will redevelop and modernise Barrhead's economy between 2007 and 2017.
The Glasgow Road corridor is being redeveloped into a dedicated business district which includes Crossmill Business Park, Blackbyres Court, and the former Bowerwalls housing area.
There are four industrial estates: Robertson Street Industrial Estate, Levern Industrial Estate at Cogan Street, Muriel Street, and the Barrhead Cargo Centre and Shanks Industrial Park, located on the former site of the Armitage Shanks factory.
In 2005 local businesses created the Barrhead Business Forum, which liaises with East Renfrewshire Council, Barrhead Community Council, and East Renfrewshire Chamber of Commerce.
In October 2016, Barrhead businesses voted in favour of becoming a Business Improvement District (BID), which is a model proving successful for town centres across the UK and beyond.
The Barrhead BID is called 'All About Barrhead' and is the third BID in East Renfrewshire, following Giffnock which established in 2013 and Clarkston which is now in its second term, establishing in 2010.
At the beginning of the 20th century, several railway lines ran through Barrhead to accommodate the town's manufacturing industries: the Glasgow Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway and the Glasgow and Kilmarnock Joint Railway, which merged to become the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway; the Glasgow & South Western Railway, which built Barrhead Central railway station as the terminus of its short-lived Barrhead branch; and the Caledonian Railway.
Evidence of these lines can still be seen within the town, including two standalone sections of railway viaduct, one near the Tesco store and the other now carrying a footpath between Springhill Road and the Woodside Park in Upper Auchenback (known locally as the Jerries).
Glasgow tram service 14 was once the longest in Great Britain, running from Milngavie on the far north-western edge of Greater Glasgow, through the city centre and then through Thornliebank, Spiersbridge, Barrhead and Paisley to reach Renfrew Ferry on the south side of the Clyde.
Barrhead has five primary schools: Carlibar Primary School, Cross Arthurlie Primary School, Hillview School, St. John's Roman Catholic Primary School and St. Mark's Roman Catholic Primary School.
The new Carlibar Primary School, opened in the autumn of 2006 to replace an outdated building, hosts a family centre, a pre-school assessment unit, community and adult learning services, and a state-of-the-art language and communication unit which serves nearly 50 children with autism from across East Renfrewshire.
An active Scottish Junior football team, Arthurlie, plays in Barrhead, with a previous club of the same name having played as a senior league side until 1929.
In the early 20th century, the town produced three brothers, Alec Logan, James Logan and Tommy Logan who all played for either Scotland or the Scottish League XI.
Barrhead Boys Club, founded in 1972 was recently renamed as Barrhead Youth Football club, caters for children as young as 6 years old up to 21 and also has adult and veteran teams.
Barrhead is also home to the following bowling clubs: Barrhead, Arthurlie, Shanks, and St John's; and also the Fereneze Golf Club and Barrhead Community Tennis Club.
Barrhead Boxing Club has produced several contenders at Scottish Amateur level as well as several professional contenders in recent years, while the towns several Muay Thai club's has produced some notable championship fighters.
The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.
Major churches in Barrhead include St. John the Evangelist Roman Catholic Church on Aurs Road, the Church of Scotland parish churches at Bourock, Arthurlie and South & Levern, and the United Reformed Church on Arthurlie Street.
A low-protein diet is prescribed for those with inherited metabolic disorders, such as Phenylketonuria and Homocystinuria and reduced protein levels have been used by people with kidney or liver disease.
Consequently, there is no uniform definition of what constitutes low-protein, because the amount and composition of protein for an individual suffering from phenylketonuria would differ substantially from one suffering homocystinuria or tyrosinemia.
Amino acids that are excess to requirement cannot be stored, but must be modified by deamination (removal of the amine group).
As this occurs in the liver and kidneys, some individuals with damaged livers or kidneys may be advised to eat less protein.
Due to the sulphur content of the amino acids methionine and cysteine, excess of these amino acids leads to the production of acid through sulphate ions.
Individuals suffering from phenylketonuria lack the enzyme to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine so low levels of this amino acid need to be provided in the diet.
Low-protein diets are in vogue among some members of the general public because of the impact of protein intake on Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor 1 Signalling (IIS) and the direct sensing of amino acid availability by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), two systems that are implicated in longevity and cancer proliferation.
Apart from low protein intake, such as in the 80:10:10 diet, other attempts to modulate IIS are through intermittent fasting and the .
By studying the composition of food in the local population in Germany, Carl von Voit established a standard of 118 grams of protein per day.
The median human adult requirement for good quality protein is approximately 0.65 gram per kilogram body weight per day and the 97.5 percentile is 0.83 grams per kilogram body weight per day.
A 70 kg adult human who was in the middle of the range would require approximately 45 grams of protein per day to be in nitrogen balance.
For adults, the recommended minimum amounts of each essential amino acid varies from 4 to 39 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day.
To be of good quality, protein only needs to come from a wide variety of foods; there is neither a need to mix animal and plant food together nor a need to complement specific plant foods, such as rice and beans.
However, the relative abundance of the essential amino acids is more variable in plants than that found in animals, which tend to be very similar in essential amino acid abundance, and this has led to the misconception that plant proteins are deficient in some way.
Increases in longevity or reductions in age-associated morbidity have also been shown for model systems where protein or specific amino acids have been reduced.
In particular, experiments in model systems in rats, mice, and Drosophila fruit flies have shown increases in life-span with reduced protein intake comparable to that for calorie restriction.
Some of the most dramatic effects of Calorie restriction are on metabolic health, promoting leanness, decreasing blood sugar and increasing insulin sensitivity.
Specifically restricting consumption of the three branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine is sufficient to promote leanness and improve regulation of blood glucose.
The diets of humans living in some of the Blue Zones, regions of enhanced numbers of centenarians and reduced age-associated morbidity, contain less than 10% of energy from protein, although reports on all the Blue Zones are not available.
None of the diets in these regions is completely based on plants, but plants form the bulk of the food eaten.
Although it has been speculated that some of these populations are under calorie restriction, this is contentious as their smaller size is consistent with the lower food consumption.
In the past a standard dietary treatment for those suffering from liver disease or damage was a low protein, high carbohydrate, moderate fat and low salt diet.
Low-protein diets to treat kidney disease include the Rice diet, which was started by Walter Kempner at Duke University in 1939.
This diet was a daily ration of 2,000 Calories consisting of moderate amounts of boiled rice, sucrose and dextrose, and a restricted range of fruit, supplemented with vitamins.
Although the Rice diet was designed to treat kidney and vascular disease, the large weight loss associated with the diet led to a vogue in its use for weight loss which lasted for more than 70 years.
Calcium loss from bone occurs at protein intake below requirement when individuals are in negative protein balance, suggesting that too little protein is dangerous for bone health.
However, at high protein levels, a net loss of calcium may occur through the urine in neutralizing the acid formed from the deamination and subsequent metabolism of methionine and cysteine.
Large prospective cohort studies have shown a slight increase in risk of bone fracture when the quintile of highest protein consumption is compared to the quintile of lowest protein consumption.
In these studies, the trend is also seen for animal protein but not plant protein, but the individuals differ substantially in animal protein intake and very little in plant protein intake.
Normal increases in calcium uptake occur with increased protein in the range 0.8 grams to 1.5 grams of protein per kilogram body weight per day.
However, calcium uptake from the gut does not compensate for calcium loss in the urine at protein consumption of 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight.
Calcium is not the only ion that neutralizes the sulphate from protein metabolism, and overall buffering and renal acid load also includes anions such as bicarbonate, organic ions, phosphorus and chloride as well as cations such as ammonium, titrateable acid, magnesium, potassium and sodium.
The study of Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) suggests that increased consumption of fruits, vegetables and cooked legumes increases the ability of the body to buffer acid from protein metabolism, because they contribute to a base forming potential in the body due to their relative concentrations of proteins and ions.
The Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM322 is a turboshaft engine produced by Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited, a joint venture between Rolls-Royce plc and Turbomeca.
The Safran Aneto is a later development targeted for the super-medium and heavy helicopters, developed by Safran Helicopter Engines, unveiled at London's Helitech on 3 October 2017 and covering the range.
It was designed for the Hughes AH-64 Apache and Sikorsky Blackhawk, competing with the GE T700 and the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100.
The partners shared equally the £100 million development costs, Rolls-Royce makes the turbines, the combustor, and the inlet particle separator while Turbomeca produces the axi-centrifugal compressor and intake.
It first ran on 15 December 1984, with eight bench prototypes for 30,000 cycles and 13,000 test hours, and four for flight tests, initially aiming for a 1987 certification.
The first order for the RTM322 was received in 1992 to power 44 Royal Navy Merlin HM1s which subsequently entered service in 1998.
Over 1,100 engines are in service, having logged over one million flight hours, powering 60% of the AW101 fleet and 80% of in-service NH90s.
The first 2,500 shp -1K was selected to power the Leonardo AW189K twin to extend its capabilities, it flew in March 2017 and is scheduled to be introduced in the fourth quarter of 2018.
By October 2018, the programme had accumulated 4,000h, including 105h of flight time, and a US manufacturer could use it, as Sikorsky considers re-engining its CT7-powered S-92.
As a RTM322 variant, the Aneto is a two spool turboshaft with a three stage axial compressor and a single stage centrifugal compressor turning at 36300 RPM, a reverse flow annular combustor, a two stage gas generator axial turbine and a two stage axial power turbine with a forward transmission shaft turning at 21,000 RPM.
Fitted with an inlet particle separator, its accessory gearbox is driven by the gas generator and the engine is control by a FADEC.
Built upon the Safran Tech 3000 technological demonstrator, it aims to gradually offer up to 15 % better fuel economy over current competitors to improve payload-range and offers 25 % better power density than existing engines of same volume.
Suited for 8-15 tons helicopters, it is developed from the RTM322: the -1K has a similar architecture but no common parts.
Compatible with hybrid and distributed propulsion systems, in cruise flight one of the two engines could be shut down and restarted when needed.
In the AW189, it is offered along the incumbent General Electric CT7, needing minor changes to the top-deck structure and engine cowls.
Exempted from U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations, it could power the AW189’s military derivative, the AW149 or a future attack helicopter based on its dynamic systems.
Developed from a French Aviation Authority study, the Safran Power Pack Eco Mode on the Airbus Helicopters Racer allows it to shut down one of engines in cruise, lowering fuel consumption by 15%, and quickly and automatically reactivate it with an electric starter to its maximum power for acceleration, landing or emergencies.
The Venus of Lespugue is a Venus figurine, a statuette of a nude female figure of the Gravettian, dated to between 26,000 and 24,000 years ago.
It was discovered in 1922 in the Rideaux cave of Lespugue (Haute-Garonne) in the foothills of the Pyrenees by René de Saint-Périer (1877-1950).
Of all the steatopygous Venus figurines discovered from the upper Paleolithic, the Venus of Lespugue, if the reconstruction is sound, appears to display the most exaggerated female secondary sexual characteristics, especially the extremely large, pendulous breasts.
According to textile expert Elizabeth Wayland Barber, the statue displays the earliest representation found of spun thread, as the carving shows a skirt hanging from below the hips, made of twisted fibers, frayed at the end.
He was a climber, best remembered for winning the King of the Mountains competition of the Tour de France a record seven times and also for being one of the central figures in a widespread doping scandal in 1998: the Festina Affair.
As a result of this he was regularly displayed as a moronic rubber puppet with hypodermics in his head on the satirical television programme, Les Guignols de l'info.
Virenque finished twice on the podium in the Tour de France (third in 1996 and second in 1997) and won several stages, among them Mont Ventoux in 2002.
He wore the Maillot Jaune for two days in his entire career, perhaps ironically each day was also about ten years apart.
He couldn't stand being in school any longer than he had to, he said, and he left to work as a plumber.
He rode for the Vélo Club Hyèrois from the age of 13 where, encouraged by his grandfather, he took out his first licence with the Fédération Française de Cyclisme He said he knew he could climb well from the start.
His first win was in a race round the town at La Valette-du-Var, when he and another rider, Pascale Ranucci, lapped the field.
He then did his national service in the army battalion at Joinville in Paris to which talented sportsmen were often sent.
From his first races, it was a festival, particularly at the Tour Med... We were riding at 60kmh and he attacked and held the peloton in respect for two kilometres.
On the third day he took the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after a long breakaway with two other riders on the col de Marie-Blanque in the Pyrenees.
He held it for a day, losing it next day to his team-mate Pascal Lino, who led for the next two weeks.
Virenque was sought by several teams after his first Tour and Cyrille Guimard said at the world championship at Benidorm that he had arranged for him to join his Castorama team, where he would replace Laurent Fignon.
In 1998 the Festina cycling team was disgraced by a doping scandal (see Doping at the Tour de France) after a soigneur, Willy Voet, was found when crossing from Belgium to France to have drugs used for doping.
Virenque's teammates, Christophe Moreau, Laurent Brochard and Armin Meier, admitted taking EPO after being arrested during the Tour and were disqualified.
While his former team-mates were served six-month suspensions and returned to racing in spring 1999, Virenque changed teams to Polti in January 1999 and prepared for the 1999 Tour by riding the Giro d'Italia, in which he won a stage.
A few weeks later Virenque's name emerged in an inquiry into Bernard Sainz, the so-called Dr Mabuse of cycling who was later jailed for practising as an unqualified doctor.
Race director Jean-Marie Leblanc banned Virenque from the 1999 Tour de France but was obliged to accept him after a ruling by the Union Cycliste Internationale.
That fact was shamefully proved once again this week when the sport's governing body — the International Cycling Union (UCI) - forced the 1999 Tour to accept Richard Virenque...
Virenque rode, at his team's request, on a bicycle painted white with red dots to resemble the polka dot jersey worn by the leader of the mountains classification and he travelled between stages with a bodyguard, Gilles Pagliuca.
Virenque pathetically observes the peloton's custom of keeping mum: he never mentions coming into contact with doping practices, directly or indirectly.
After all that has happened in the past year, there can be only one reason to buy a book by Richard Virenque: to read a detailed denial of involvement in doping, or a full, contrite confession.
Virenque was criticised by the media and satirists for his denial in the face of increasing evidence and his pretence of having been doped without his knowledge.
I thought of all the sacrifices that he made when he was very young, like when he was a kid and he was dropped in a race and that he went off like a mad dog, on impulse.
When in the middle of it all he came back to Carqueiranne [where he still lives], he was in his garage and I took him in my arms.
The president of the committee which imposed the ban, Bernard Welten, said he deserved a severe penalty because he was one of the biggest drug-takers in the team.
The president of the French federation, Daniel Baal, said nine months was halfway between the minimum penalty of six months and the maximum of a year for a first-time offence.
She said she would stay with him and support him only if they moved back in the south of France after four years in Switzerland.
Then, Jalabert opened links by getting his wife, Sylvie, to ask Stéphanie Virenque for the loan of a vacuum cleaner that she didn't actually need.
Jalabert and his wife Sylvie said that, as a souvenir, they had kept the doors of one of their closets upside down because that was the way Virenque had fitted them.
In other, less shimmering words, because of his involvement in the doping scandal, none of the 20 or so top teams is willing to hire the star climber and team leader at his salary of about $1.6 million a year.
On 5 July 2001 he joined Domo-Farm Frites, with the help of the former Tour de France winner, Eddy Merckx who, as supplier of the team's bikes, put up the extra money that the main sponsors would not.
He was paid the equivalent of £800 a month, the minimum wage, for the last three months of the year and the same salary for which he had first turned professional in 1992.
Domo kept him the following season, after Farm Frites withdrew as co-sponsor, because it wanted to expand its carpet business in France.
On 25 October 2002, on the eve of the Tour de France presentation at the Palais des Congres in Paris, he signed for another two years.
Virenque returned to prominence by winning Paris–Tours on 7 October 2001 in a day-long breakaway in which he dropped Jacky Durand and crossed the line seconds ahead of the peloton.
While Virenque was bettered by Laurent Jalabert in the 2001 and 2002 Tour de France for the King of the Mountains competition, he won his sixth mountains classification in 2003 to tie with Federico Bahamontes and Lucien Van Impe.
Van Impe criticised Virenque for being opportunistic rather than the best climber; he said he had himself refrained from breaking Bahamontes' record himself out of reverence.
Virenque rode the Olympic Games road race in Athens and decided to retire, a decision he announced at the Olympia theatre in Paris on 24 September 2004.
On 11 August 2006, Virenque was taken to hospital at Moûtiers and transferred to Grenoble after falling during a mountain-bike race at Méribel.
It was released on 23 September 1996 in the United Kingdom by Skint Records and in the United States by Astralwerks.
It is an analog of the commonly used detergent octyl glucoside, the presence of the thioether linkage making it resistant to degradation by beta-glucosidase enzymes.
From V, the target product n-octyl-1-thio-β--glucopyranoside (VI) can be obtained in an overall yield of about 80% via the quantitatively proceeding alkaline deacetylation by means of sodium hydroxide in methanol.
The pure α-octylthioglucoside is accessible by reaction of pentacetyl-β--glucose (from -glucose, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate) in organic solvents at elevated temperatures with 1-octanethiol and boron trifluoride etherate and subsequent deacetylation.
The cost advantage for octylthioglucoside stated in publications from the 1980s is evidently no longer given because of the recently developed, efficient enzymatic synthesis pathways for O-octylglucoside (directly from D-glucose, 1-octanol by means of β-glucosidase).
Nonionic detergents solubilize membrane proteins gently and (largely) preserving their physiological function by interaction with the hydrophobic membrane regions embedded in the lipid bilayers of cell membranes.
Above the so-called critical micelle concentration CMC [OTG: 9 mM, or 0.2772% (w/v)], mixed micelles of membrane proteins and surfactant molecules are formed, with OTG concentrations of 1.1-1.2% (w/v) for the solubilization of membrane proteins from E. coli.
For the analysis of the biological activity of membrane proteins, it is often necessary to reconstitute the proteins into the lipid bilayers of liposomes.
For this, the solution of the solubilized protein is subject to dialysis or ion exchange chromatography in the presence of phospholipids or membrane lipid mixtures to remove the surfactant.
For example, 95% of the OTG can be removed from a 43 mM surfactant solution under standard conditions within 6 hours.
Octylthioglucoside (15 mM) is clearly superior to its O-analog octyl glucoside (OT) in the solubilization and stabilization against thermal and light-induced denaturation of the light-driven proton pump Bacteriorhodopsin from the biomembranes of halobacteria.
The Venus of Dolní Věstonice () is a Venus figurine, a ceramic statuette of a nude female figure dated to 29,000–25,000 BCE (Gravettian industry).
It was found at the Paleolithic site Dolní Věstonice in the Moravian basin south of Brno, in the base of Děvín Mountain, .
It has a height of , and a width of at its widest point and is made of a clay body fired at a relatively low temperature (500 °C - 800 °C).
The statuette follows the general morphology of the other Venus figurines: exceptionally large breasts, belly and hips, perhaps symbols of fertility, relatively small head and little detail on the rest of the body.
The palaeolithic settlement of Dolní Věstonice in Moravia, a part of Czechoslovakia at the time organized excavation began, now located in the Czech Republic, has been under systematic archaeological research since 1924, initiated by Karel Absolon.
In addition to the Venus figurine, figures of animals – bear, lion, mammoth, horse, fox, rhino and owl – and more than 2,000 balls of burnt clay have been found at Dolní Věstonice.
A tomograph scan in 2004 found a fingerprint of a child estimated at between 7 and 15 years of age, fired into the surface; the child who handled the figurine before it was fired is considered by Králík, Novotný and Oliva (2002) to be an unlikely candidate for its maker.
The hamlet lies in the civil parish of Slimbridge and takes its name from the River Cam which flows through it.
It is known for a series of ice age archaeological sites in the area, including the oldest permanent human settlement ever found by archaeologists in the entire world.
Approximately 25,000 years ago, during the Upper Paleolithic period of the Stone Age, a small settlement consisting of huts built with rocks and mammoth bones was founded on the site of what is now Dolní Věstonice.
According to Riane Eisler, in her right hand the figure holds a crescent moon notched with thirteen markings: the number of lunar cycles in a year.
Her other hand, as if to instruct us of the relationship between the cycles of the moon and women’s menstrual cycles, points to her vagina.
Wacken Open Air (, stylised W:O:A) is a Heavy Metal festival, held for the first time in 1990 and now repeated annually on the first weekend of August in the town of Wacken in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
It is now one of the largest Heavy Metal festivals in the world and one of the largest open-air festivals in Germany.
From its beginnings until 1992, the band was composed of Ines Jeske from Vaale (vocals), Thomas Jensen from Wacken (bass), Peter Huhn from Wacken (electric guitar), Dennis Harman from Itzehoe (keyboard), and Andreas Göser from Wacken (drums).
Jensen and Hübner developed the idea to organise an open-air concert in a gravel pit in Wacken and persuaded Skyline drummer Andreas Göser and Jörg Jensen, Thomas Jensen's brother, to help make it happen.
Until then, the pit had already served as a meeting venue for up to 3,000 members of biker club 'No Mercys', it was therefore perfectly suited for their plans and also presented an opportunity to attract motorcycle fans.
From the beginning, it was clear that the focus of the event would be on Rock and Metal and that, in contrast to other single-day festivals such as Monsters of Rock or Super Rock in Mannheim, there would also be camping grounds.
The first two-day festival took place in the gravel pit on 24 and 25 August 1990 and barely had 800 visitors.
The performing bands all hailed from Germany, and apart from Skyline, bands like 5th Avenue, Motoslug, Sacred Season, Axe 'n Sex, and Wizzard played.
The first festivals were organised privately, with the technology being built on a trailer borrowed from a local trucking company and the stage being a DIY construction.
Until August 1994, for example, ticket orders were organised privately by Andy Göser's mother Regina Göser and security duties were performed by friendly motorcycle clubs up until 1996.
In 1991, the number of visitors increased to 1.300, and with Skyline returning, Bon Scott, an AC/DC cover band from Hamburg, Gypsy Kyss, Kilgore, Life Artist, Ruby Red, and Shanghai'd Guts joined them on stage for an all-regional roster.
That same year, the iconic skull logo was designed by Mark Ramsauer after the basic shape had been determined by Thomas Jensen and Holger Hübner.
In 1992, the programme changed to include internationally renowned bands such as Blind Guardian and Saxon for the first time, and the number of bands rose to 26, listing bands from Sweden, the USA, Ireland, and Belgium.
The organisers used a professional stage with lighting and PA for the first time and were able to win cigarette brand Prince Denmark as a sponsor.
That year, the Party Stage was set up in the DJ tent next to the main stage, where cover bands and fun projects were to perform exclusively.
The additional post-concert costs for garbage disposal on the campground, where 2,500 paying guests and many more were present and celebrated, as well as the significantly oversized security, among other things, meant that the organisers recorded a loss of around 25,000 D-Mark that year.
With the reunion of the band Fates Warning at the festival in 1993, Wacken Open Air had a special feature and also made a name for itself in the following years with unusual band constellations and reunions.
At the same time, Doro Pesch and other well-known bands made for interesting appearances, which resulted in a new record attendance of 3,500 paying customers.
Simultaneously, the team tried their hand at concert organisation and, under the moniker Stone Castle Promotion, held a Motörhead concert for 2,000 people in Flensburg which, unfortunately, could not cover its promotional costs.
A show with Dio/Freak of Nature became a disaster with only 167 tickets sold, and together with the Open Air, which again recorded a minus, the organisers incurred debts of around 350,000 D-Mark.
As a result, Jörg Jensen and Andreas Göser left the team; Holger Hübner and Thomas Jensen remained, as did Jörn-Ulf Goesmann for another two years, continuing to run the Wacken Open Air despite the debts for which their parents had provided guarantees.
A total of 4,500 tickets were sold; on top of that, due to the rising costs of garbage disposal, tickets for the camping grounds had to be purchased separately, and pre-orders were rewarded with a free T-shirt.
Also in 1995, income and expenses evened out thanks to the commitment of bands such as Tiamat, D-A-D, the Pretty Maids, and Angra.
Ticket sales for the 1996 festival again started sluggishly, despite a headliner like Kreator and numerous internationally renowned bands such as The Exploited, Gorefest, and Crematory.
As a result of many visitors flooding the village in 1996, the inhabitants of Wacken voiced their concern over an event of this size being held in the local gravel pit.
Uwe Trede offered to relocate the festival site to his own property and the areas previously used as campgrounds and took care of the acquisition of additional land.
The organisational team grew to include Thomas Hess as production manager, who had previously been active as tour manager for Die Böhsen Onkelz, as well as Sheree Hesse for catering to the artists and VIPs.
Over the years, the size of Wacken Open Air has grown continuously, and now dozens of bands and tens of thousands of visitors flock to the festival.
In addition, tickets could no longer be purchased directly on the festival grounds to reduce the number of spontaneous or ticketless visitors.
In 2007 and 2008, the festival had already sold out as a result of advance ticket sales; for W:O:A 2009, tickets had even sold out by the end of 2008.
In addition, the event is accompanied by a rich complementary programme; in addition to a merchant area – obligatory for music festivals – a beer garden has been operating since 2000, in which the Wacken Firefighters' marching band opens the festival before its official start.
The fact that many well-known bands, including the Scorpions, Saxon, Twisted Sister, Dimmu Borgir, Slayer, and Helloween, have recorded live DVDs at Wacken, shows how esteemed the Open Air has since become.
Bus tours from Scandinavian countries, especially Sweden, but also from Austria, are organised each year and used by several hundred fans.
This football tournament, which started with nine teams and takes place on Wednesdays, has grown over the years and has been held in World Cup mode with 32 teams since 2007 (a one-off event in 2011 featured 36 teams).
For the tournament's 15th anniversary in 2016, a band was featured and took part for the first time: Serum 114 formed a team with several fans and were able to win the tournament.
Although it is meant to be a fun tournament, in which creative outfits and names take precedence over athletic performance, the award ceremony after the tournament has been held on one of the stages since 2013 and prices can be won.
Nowadays, about a third of the visitors, some of whom arrive quite some time before the official start of the festival, and the majority of the bands come from abroad.
As is common with festivals of this size, Wacken Open Air received criticism for its hygienic conditions, prices, security personnel, as well as for the overcrowding and commercial orientation of the event.
In 2008, the organisers also contributed 1,000,000 Euros to the expansion of Wacken’s local outdoor swimming pool in order to make the festival even more attractive to the residents and visitors of the town.
Since 2006, the festival has been running an online radio station called Wacken Radio, which broadcasts Metal music around the clock.
Tickets for Wacken Open Air 2015 sold out after just 12 hours on 4 August 2014 – just a few hours after the end of W:O:A 2014.
The X-Mas Tickets for W:O:A 2016, which cost 10 Euros less and whose buyers were entitled to a free T-shirt, were completely sold out only 20 minutes after the start of pre-sales.
In the minutes before the start of the pre-sale, the pages were no longer accessible; after that, data traffic had to be limited by wait lists.
Prices for the festival have risen and are currently at a level similar to other major Rock festivals, such as Rock am Ring and Hurricane Festival.
After several years of success in which the festival sold out within hours, the first 60,000 tickets for the 2017 festival were sold in mid-2016.
The price for the festival ticket was 220 Euros, but there was no fee for early arrival campers, who often set up their elaborately designed accommodations before the festival begins – partly to get the best spots near the festival grounds.
However, the last tickets for the 2017 festival were sold after 309 days, a mere 2 months before the start of the festival, even though only 10,000 tickets remained after the first day of sales.
This was a matter of speculation at first, and reasons such as the changed security situation or the price development were taken into account.
He had joined festival management in 1996 as a former tour manager of Böhse Onkelz and was considered one of the most important leading figures for the festival, along with the remaining founders and the Trede family, who organise the camping areas and the camping supervisors as subcontractors.
For W:O:A 2019, all 75,000 tickets were sold within the first four days of sales, making this the 14th time in a row that the festival completely sold out.
Up until a few years ago, Wacken’s official town signs were either replaced by plastic signs spelling Heavy Metal Town during W:O:A or bolted more tightly because they were often stolen as souvenirs.
An action for exceeding the maximum noise limit, brought before the Administrative Court of Schleswig by residents of Wacken, ended in January 2013 with an out-of-court settlement.
Now, if the average noise level of the festival exceeds 70 dB, the organisers pay 1,000 Euros to the community, which donates the money to charitable causes.
For this, 75 trucks of stage equipment (1,000 tons), 10 trucks of sound equipment and 27 trucks of lighting equipment are used.
Since 2014, the electric output has amounted to 12 megawatts, roughly matching the needs of a small town counting 70,000 inhabitants.
At the same time, 700,000 Euros worth of drains were installed in front of the stages in order to improve the drainage of water masses during heavy rains.
A total of approximately 5,000 employees work for the festival, including 1,800 security staff members, 150 cleaners, 70 construction and dismantling assistants, as well as 400 police officers, 250 firefighters, 900 paramedics, and six emergency doctors.
The most important ones are the Faster and the Harder Stage, which are designed as connected twin stages and have a shared sound and lighting system.
The Metal Battle takes place on these stages on Wednesday and Thursday, followed by regular band appearances on the days after.
The Wackinger Stage is located in the medieval area of the festival and is played primarily by bands from Folk, Pagan and Medieval genres, while the Wasteland Stage, which was established in 2014, is geared towards music with an apocalyptic touch.
The Beergarden Stage is modelled after typical folk festival stages, but also accommodates permanent Wacken guests such as the Wacken Firefighters and Mambo Kurt.
Since 2014, only one major security check is performed upon entering the grounds, after that, only the festival wristbands are checked.
Special features of the W:O:A include the Wackinger area, which resembles a medieval market and contains specialty food and beverage stalls as well as the Wackinger Stage, where matching music is played.
This area borders on the Wasteland designed by the Wasteland Warriors, where a post-apocalyptic world and stage (Wastelandstage) styled in homage to the Mad Max-franchise is set up.
The area in front of the main stages comprises both the Bavarian beer garden and a large shopping mile called Metal Markt.
There are also various food stalls, the Wacken Foundation Camp, ATMs, and the Movie Field, where Heavy Metal documentaries and feature films are screened.
The most important stages, the focal point of the festival, are located in the so-called Infield, which can be reached only via the Center.
The campsite is equipped with showers, flushing toilets, portable toilets, drinking fountains, small supermarkets, food stalls, and information boards, and is continuously patrolled by the police, fire brigade, and security services.
Campgrounds A and B are reserved for visitors arriving without a car, while Campgrounds Y and R are intended for campers and other heavy-duty vehicles.
Since the large crowds lead to a bottleneck situation in terms of mobile service, some providers now set up portable base stations for GSM, UMTS, and LTE+ during the festival.
Every year, hundreds of helpers from various relief organisations from all over Germany arrive before the festival to prepare the medical camp and care for people in need during the event.
Due to the road conditions, quads and foot patrols are often used in Wacken, especially in the vicinity of the medical centre.
270 people at peak times, the rescue service cooperation Schleswig-Holstein has more than ten emergency vehicles (ambulances and mobile intensive care units) on site while coordinating the overall emergency management.
During Metal Battle, newcomer bands compete against each other in national qualifiers and finals; the winner of each country then competes against the other finalists in the grand final at Wacken Open Air.
In earlier years, winners of the competition were offered a record deal, whereas nowadays, the five best bands receive cash or material prices.
Since the 2017/2018 season, the Wacken Foundation's lettering can be found on the jerseys of German 3rd league club FC Carl Zeiss Jena.
This was facilitated by jersey sponsors Heaven Shall Burn, whose logo has been moved to the jersey's sleeve for this cause.
One week after the festival ended, young people from all over Germany were invited to write and play their own songs under the guidance of professional musicians.
Blood is donated at the Itzehoe Clinic and the entire wing is decorated in W:O:A style, while Heavy Metal is blasted through the speakers.
Since W:O:A 2014, visitors and musicians have been encouraged to have their bone marrow typed for donation by the German Bone Marrow Donor Database.
It was written by satirist Till Burgwächter in collaboration with comic artist Jan Oidium and is also available as an audio book comprising three CDs.
At W:O:A 2006 and 2007, the beer was available as well, this time produced in 0.5-litre bottles by the Flensburger brewery.
The indoor festival Hamburg Metal Dayz takes place at the same time as the Reeperbahn-Festival and is considered a get-together for the scene.
In addition to concerts, there are panels with musicians, managers, and other Metal experts, as well as workshops and a question and answer session with the W:O:A organisers.
For five years, regional, national and international Metal bands like De la Cruz, 5th Avenue, and King Køng played at Knust every Monday.
After a break of almost 20 years, Metal Monday was revived by the Wacken Open Air organisers in 2014 in cooperation with the Knust, Seaside Touring, All Access, and Hamburg Konzerte.
Wacken Winter Nights (WWN), a three-day Folk and Medieval open-air festival, took place for the first time in February 2017 at temperatures of -2 to -6 degrees Celsius in Wacken.
Due to the construction on the previous year's campground, the overnight accommodations were relocated to the area that is also used for the regular Open Air.
The event was originally planned for 2017 and said to head to Ibiza, then rescheduled for 2018 and changed to Mallorca.
The first documentary, Metalheads - The Official Documentary, was produced in 1999 on the occasion of the festival's 10th anniversary and was released on VHS by Rock Hard in 2000.
The film team lived on the festival grounds for ten days prior to the actual start of the festival and documented the work of construction workers, farmers such as Uwe Trede, villagers, fans and organisers.
Although the film shows excerpts from performances by some of the bands and interviews with the artists, it is more of a behind-the-scenes documentary.
The film was produced with the simplest means, including a professional Hi8 and a Mini-DV camera and a team of three, and was regarded by the organisers as a trial run on the subject of film.
The film Full Metal Village by director Cho Sung-Hyung, made in 2005 and 2006, portrays the people of Wacken dealing with the festival.
The aforementioned projects are almost identical in content; they invite visitors, organisers, and the citizens of Wacken to comment on the festival and generally present it in a positive way.
The film shows the festival from the filmmakers’ (subjective) point of view and comments on the events in the style of New Journalism.
To mark its 30th anniversary, the Norddeutsche Rundschau published a special edition that offered insights into the organisation of the Wacken Open Air.
In her crime novels Tod in Wacken and Der Teufel von Wacken, author Heike Denzau places her storylines at Wacken Open Air, describing the location as well as the festival and its visitors.
Stanislavski's system is a systematic approach to training actors that the Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski developed in the first half of the twentieth century.
It mobilises the actor's conscious thought and will in order to activate other, less-controllable psychological processes—such as emotional experience and subconscious behaviour—sympathetically and indirectly.
Thanks to its promotion and development by acting teachers who were former students and the many translations of Stanislavski's theoretical writings, his system acquired an unprecedented ability to cross cultural boundaries and developed a reach, dominating debates about acting in the West.
His system of acting developed out of his persistent efforts to remove the blocks that he encountered in his performances, beginning with a major crisis in 1906.
Having worked as an amateur actor and director until the age of 33, in 1898 Stanislavski co-founded with Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT) and began his professional career.
Despite the success that this approach brought, particularly with his Naturalistic stagings of the plays of Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky, Stanislavski remained dissatisfied.
He pioneered the use of theatre studios as a laboratory in which to innovate actor training and to experiment with new forms of theatre.
Stanislavski eventually came to organise his techniques into a coherent, systematic methodology, which built on three major strands of influence: (1) the director-centred, unified aesthetic and disciplined, ensemble approach of the Meiningen company; (2) the actor-centred realism of the Maly; and (3) the Naturalistic staging of Antoine and the independent theatre movement.
Stanislavski's earliest reference to his system appears in 1909, the same year that he first incorporated it into his rehearsal process.
Stanislavski identified Salvini, whose performance of Othello he had admired in 1882, as the finest representative of the art of experiencing approach.
Salvini had disagreed with the French actor Cocquelin over the role emotion ought to play—whether it should be experienced only in rehearsals when preparing the role (Cocquelin's position) or whether it ought to be felt in performance (Salvini's position).
Stanislavski's approach seeks to stimulate the will to create afresh and to activate subconscious processes sympathetically and indirectly by means of conscious techniques.
In this way, it attempts to recreate in the actor the inner, psychological causes of behaviour, rather than to present a simulacrum of their effects.
Stanislavski recognised that in practice a performance is usually a mixture of the three trends (experiencing, representation, hack) but felt that experiencing should predominate.
Make this German woman you love so much speak Russian and observe how she pronounces words and what are the special characteristics of her speech.
Exercises such as these, though never seen directly onstage or screen, prepare the actor for a performance based on experiencing the role.
In preparation and rehearsal, the actor develops imaginary stimuli, which often consist of sensory details of the circumstances, in order to provoke an organic, subconscious response in performance.
Stanislavski did not encourage complete identification with the role, however, since a genuine belief that one had become someone else would be pathological.
One of the most important creative principles is that an actor's tasks must always be able to coax his feelings, will and intelligence, so that they become part of him, since only they have creative power.
The pursuit of one task after another forms a through-line of action, which unites the discrete bits into an unbroken continuum of experience.
The roots of the Method of Physical Action stretch back to Stanislavski's earliest work as a director (in which he focused consistently on a play's action) and the techniques he explored with Vsevolod Meyerhold and later with the First Studio of the MAT before the First World War (such as the experiments with improvisation and the practice of anatomising scripts in terms of bits and tasks).
For in the process of action the actor gradually obtains the mastery over the inner incentives of the actions of the character he is representing, evoking in himself the emotions and thoughts which resulted in those actions.
In such a case, an actor not only understands his part, but also feels it, and that is the most important thing in creative work on the stage.
Just as the First Studio, led by his assistant and close friend Leopold Sulerzhitsky, had provided the forum in which he developed his initial ideas for his system during the 1910s, he hoped to secure his final legacy by opening another studio in 1935, in which the Method of Physical Action would be taught.
The First Studio of the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT) was a theatre studio that Stanislavski created in 1912 in order to research and develop his system.
It was conceived as a space in which pedagogical and exploratory work could be undertaken in isolation from the public, in order to develop new forms and techniques.
The First Studio's founding members included Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Michael Chekhov, Richard Boleslavsky, and Maria Ouspenskaya, all of whom would exert a considerable influence on the subsequent history of theatre.
Until his death in 1916, Suler taught the elements of Stanislavski's system in its germinal form: relaxation, concentration of attention, imagination, communication, and emotion memory.
On becoming independent from the MAT in 1923, the company re-named itself the Second Moscow Art Theatre, though Stanislavski came to regard it as a betrayal of his principles.
Benedetti argues that a significant influence on the development of Stanislavski's system came from his experience teaching and directing at his Opera Studio.
He created it in 1918 under the auspices of the Bolshoi Theatre, though it later severed its connection with the theatre.
Stanislavski worked with his Opera Studio in the two rehearsal rooms of his house on Carriage Row (prior to his eviction in March 1921).
Stanislavski also invited Serge Wolkonsky to teach diction and Lev Pospekhin (from the Bolshoi Ballet) to teach expressive movement and dance.
He hoped that the successful application of his system to opera, with its inescapable conventionality, would demonstrate the universality of his methodology.
Given the difficulties he had with completing his manual for actors, in 1935 while recuperating in Nice Stanislavski decided that he needed to found a new studio if he was to ensure his legacy.
In June he began to instruct a group of teachers in the training techniques of the 'system' and the rehearsal processes of the Method of Physical Action.
Twenty students (out of 3500 auditionees) were accepted for the dramatic section of the Opera—Dramatic Studio, where classes began on 15 November 1935.
Its members included the future artistic director of the MAT, Mikhail Kedrov, who played Tartuffe in Stanislavski's unfinished production of Molière's play (which, after Stanislavski's death, he completed).
He worked with the students in March and April 1937, focusing on their sequences of physical actions, on establishing their through-lines of action, and on rehearsing scenes anew in terms of the actors' tasks.
Many of Stanislavski's former students taught acting in the United States, including Richard Boleslavsky, Maria Ouspenskaya, Michael Chekhov, Andrius Jilinsky, Leo Bulgakov, Varvara Bulgakov, Vera Solovyova, and Tamara Daykarhanova.
Boleslavsky and Ouspenskaya went on to found the influential American Laboratory Theatre (1923—1933) in New York, which they modeled on the First Studio.
In the United States, one of Boleslavsky's students, Lee Strasberg, went on to co-found the Group Theatre (1931—1940) in New York with Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford.
Every afternoon for five weeks during the summer of 1934 in Paris, Stanislavski worked with Adler, who had sought his assistance with the blocks she had confronted in her performances.
Given the emphasis that emotion memory had received in New York, Adler was surprised to find that Stanislavski rejected the technique except as a last resort.
The news that this was Stanislavski's approach would have significant repercussions in the US; Strasberg angrily rejected it and refused to modify his approach.
Later, many American and British actors inspired by Brando were also adepts of Stanislavski teachings, including James Dean, Julie Harris, Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Harvey Keitel, Dustin Hoffman, Ellen Burstyn, Daniel Day-Lewis and Marilyn Monroe.
While each strand of the American tradition vigorously sought to distinguish itself from the others, they all share a basic set of assumptions that allows them to be grouped together.
Stanislavski's Method of Physical Action formed the central part of Sonia Moore's attempts to revise the general impression of Stanislavski's system arising from the American Laboratory Theatre and its teachers.
Carnicke analyses at length the splintering of the system into its psychological and physical components, both in the US and the USSR.
She suggests that Moore's approach, for example, accepts uncritically the teleological accounts of Stanislavski's work (according to which early experiments in emotion memory were 'abandoned' and the approach 'reversed' with a discovery of the scientific approach of behaviourism).
These accounts, which emphasised the physical aspects at the expense of the psychological, revised the system in order to render it more palatable to the dialectical materialism of the Soviet state.
In their Theatre Workshop, the experimental studio that they founded together, Littlewood used improvisation as a means to explore character and situation and insisted that her actors define their character's behaviour in terms of a sequence of tasks.
The first drama school in the country to teach an approach to acting based on Stanislavski's system and its American derivatives was Drama Centre London, where it is still taught today.
The playwright in the novel sees the acting exercises taking over the rehearsals, becoming madcap, and causing the playwright to rewrite parts of his play.
When he finally sees the play performed, the playwright reflects that the director's theories would ultimately lead the audience to become so absorbed in the reality of the performances that they forget the play.
The Grumman X-29 was an American experimental aircraft that tested a forward-swept wing, canard control surfaces, and other novel aircraft technologies.
Two X-29As were built by Grumman from two existing Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter airframes (63-8372 became 82-0003 and 65-10573 became 82-0049) after the proposal had been chosen over a competing one involving a General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon.
The X-29 design made use of the forward fuselage and nose landing gear from the F-5As with the control surface actuators and main landing gear from the F-16.
The wings of the X-29, made partially of graphite epoxy, were swept forward at more than 33 degrees; forward-swept wings were first trialed 40 years earlier on the experimental Junkers Ju 287 and OKB-1 EF 131.
The X-29 is described as a three surface aircraft, with canards, forward-swept wings, and aft strake control surfaces, using three-surface longitudinal control.
The canards and wings result in reduced trim drag and reduced wave drag, while using the strakes for trim in situations where the center of gravity is off provides less trim drag than relying on the canard to compensate.
The flight control system was made up of three redundant digital computers backed up by three redundant analog computers; any of the three could fly it on its own, but the redundancy allowed them to check for errors.
It was estimated that a total failure of the system was as unlikely as a mechanical failure in an airplane with a conventional arrangement.
For the flight control system to keep the whole system stable, the ability to initiate a maneuver easily needed to be moderated.
This was programmed into the flight control system to preserve the ability to stop the pitching rotation and keep the aircraft from departing out of control.
As a result, the whole system as flown (with the flight control system in the loop as well) could not be characterized as having any special increased agility.
It was concluded that the X-29 could have had increased agility if it had faster control surface actuators and/or larger control surfaces.
With conventional metallic construction, a torsionally very stiff wing would be required to resist twisting; stiffening the wing adds weight, which may make the design unfeasible.
The X-29 design made use of the anisotropic elastic coupling between bending and twisting of the carbon fiber composite material to address this aeroelastic effect.
Rather than using a very stiff wing, which would carry a weight penalty even with the relatively light-weight composite, the X-29 used a laminate which produced coupling between bending and torsion.
Torsion loads attempt to twist the wing to higher angles of attack, but the coupling resists the loads, twisting the leading edge downward reducing wing angle of attack and lift.
The first X-29 took its maiden flight on 14 December 1984 from Edwards AFB piloted by Grumman's Chief Test Pilot Chuck Sewell.
The X-29 was the third forward-swept wing jet-powered aircraft design to fly; the other two were the German Junkers Ju 287 (1944) and the HFB-320 Hansa Jet (1964).
The first X-29 was not equipped with a spin recovery parachute, as flight tests were planned to avoid maneuvers that could result in departure from controlled flight, such as a spin.
X-29 number two was maneuverable up to an angle of attack of about 25 degrees with a maximum angle of 67° reached in a momentary pitch-up maneuver.
The first X-29, 82-003, is now on display in the Research and Development Gallery at the National Museum of the United States Air Force on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio.
A full-scale model was on display from 1989 to 2011 at the National Air and Space Museum's National Mall building in Washington, DC.
Innsmouth () is a fictional town in Massachusetts created by American author H. P. Lovecraft as a setting for one of his horror stories, and referenced subsequently in some of his other works and by other authors who wrote stories taking place in the world Lovecraft created with his stories.
The town of Ipswich, Massachusetts is said to be a near neighbor, where many Innsmouth residents do their shopping; Rowley, Massachusetts, another neighboring town, is said to be to the northwest.
The town of Innsmouth is described as being in a horrendous state of decay, with many of the buildings rotting, and on the point of collapse.
From the tangle of chimney-pots scarcely a wisp of smoke came, and the three tall steeples loomed stark and unpainted against the seaward horizon.
One of them was crumbling down at the top, and in that and another there were only black gaping holes where clock-dials should have been.
The vast huddle of sagging gambrel roofs and peaked gables conveyed with offensive clearness the idea of wormy decay, and as we approached along the now descending road I could see that many roofs had wholly caved in.
The decay was worst close to the waterfront, though in its very midst I could spy the white belfry of a fairly well-preserved brick structure which looked like a small factory.
Here and there the ruins of wharves jutted out from the shore to end in indeterminate rottenness, those farthest south seeming the most decayed.
And far out to sea, despite a high tide, I glimpsed a long, black line scarcely rising above the water yet carrying a suggestion of odd latent malignancy.
The loss of sailors, due to shipwrecks, and the War of 1812 caused the town's profitable trade with the South Seas to falter; by 1828, the only fleet still running that route was that of Captain Obed Marsh, the head of one of the town's leading families.
Obed Marsh had entered into a contract with the aforementioned creatures, offering them sacrifices in exchange for plentiful gold and fish.
The following year, and apparently due to the results of their research, these authorities decided to detonate explosives in Devil Reef, near Innsmouth, and to arrest most of the locals.
The Esoteric Order of Dagon was the primary religion in Innsmouth after Marsh returned from the South Seas with the dark religion circa 1838.
It quickly took root due to its promises of expensive gold artifacts and fish, which were desired by the primarily-fishing town.
Even so, the cultists sacrificed various locals to the Deep Ones at specific times in exchange for a limitless supply of gold and fish.
The first was an oath of secrecy, the second, an oath of loyalty, and the third, an oath to marry a Deep One and bear or sire its child.
The Manuxet River is a fictional river that runs through Massachusetts and empties into the sea at the town of Innsmouth.
Although there is a Manuxet River in Worcester, Massachusetts, Will Murray believes that Lovecraft based his fictional Manuxet on the Merrimack River and probably invented the name from root words of an Algonquian language.
Based on his research, Murray thinks that Lovecraft actually based Innsmouth on Gloucester, Massachusetts, which is located on Cape Ann on the coast.
Secondly, Lovecraft is known to have come up with the name for his fictional Miskatonic River by combining Algonquian root words.
And Cape Ann itself (the alleged site of Innsmouth) is connected to the mainland by only a thin strip of land and might be thought of as an island.
It was first released on 19 October 1998 in the United Kingdom by Skint Records and a day later in the United States by Astralwerks.
Cook recorded and produced the album at his home studio in Brighton, known as the House of Love, using an Atari ST computer, Creator software, and floppy disks.
Its cover photo was originally taken at the 1983 Fat Peoples Festival in Danville, Virginia; it was changed to an image of shelves stacked with records for its North American release.
Praised by critics for its sound and style, the album brought international attention to Cook, earning him a Brit Award in 1999, and was later certified four times platinum by the BPI and platinum by the RIAA.
The original photograph was taken at the 1983 Fat People's Festival in Danville, Virginia and provided by the Rex Features photo library.
The album received critical acclaim, particularly for its beats and hooks; AllMusic considers it a benchmark album in big beat music.
In 1999, it was certified 3× platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), 3×Platinum by the Australian Record Industry Association and platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
In February 2019 all the lines that used to run M1, M2 and M3 were merged to create one line, M1.
25 km long) between Kuyubaşı and Esenboğa International Airport is in the planning stages and would make up the next phase of expansion of the metro.
The line runs between AŞTİ ( – Ankara Intercity Bus Terminal) and Dikimevi, covering a distance of , of which is through tunnels.
The M3 line, which serves almost as an extension of the M1 line, operating from Batıkent to Törekent, opened a month later on 13 March 2014.
For the first few years of operations on lines M2 and M3, both of them ran separately from the M1 line; since early 2019, the three lines are operated as one continuous service (M1) between Törekent and Koru.
The underground trains used on the Ankaray line were built by the Italian wagon manufacturer AnsaldoBreda in Naples in cooperation with Siemens.
Each traincar is long, with 60 seats, and can transport a maximum of 308 passengers; thus each three-car trainset is approximately long and can transport 925 passengers per train.
The original vehicles used on the M1 line are Bombardier Transportation-built modified versions of the sixth-generation H-series trains used on the Toronto subway.
The Toronto trains on which they were based on were built in 1986 by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC), a company later purchased by Bombardier.
In 2012, a large order of 324 subway cars from CRRC Zhuzhou was placed to supplement the fleet on line M1 and for use on the newer M2, M3 and M4 lines.
Most have been unearthed in Europe, but others have been found as far away as Siberia, and distributed across much of Eurasia.
The Venus of Berekhat Ram carved from volcanic rock, found sandwiched between layers of volcanic ash was reliably dated to 230,000-700,000 BCE.
The discovery at Berekhat Ram was followed by another discovery of a similar object in Morocco — the Venus of Tan-Tan—dated to the Middle Acheulean period, between 300,000 and 500,000 years.
However, findings are not limited to this period; for example, the Venus of Hohle Fels dates back at least 35,000 years to the Aurignacian era, and the Venus of Monruz dates back about 11,000 years to the Magdalenian.
Such figurines were carved from soft stone (such as steatite, calcite or limestone), bone or ivory, or formed of clay and fired.
In total, over 200 such figurines are known; virtually all of modest size, between about 3 cm and 40 cm in height.
Various figurines exaggerate the abdomen, hips, breasts, thighs, or female anatomy, although many found examples do not reflect these typical characteristics.
There are widely varying and speculative interpretations of their use or meaning: they have been seen as religious figures, an expression of health and fertility, grandmother goddesses or as self-depictions by female artists.
This valley is one of the many important Stone Age sites in and around the commune of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil in Dordogne, southwestern France.
The Marquis then contrasted the ivory figurine to the Aphrodite Of Knidos, a Greco-Roman sculpture depicting Venus covering her naked body with both her hands.
The use of the name is metaphorical as there is no link between the ancient figurines and the Roman goddess Venus; although they have been interpreted as representations of a primordial female goddess.
The term has been criticised for being a reflection of Western ideas rather than reflecting the beliefs of the sculptures' original owners, but the original names are unknown as well so the term Venus has persisted.
Most of the figurines display the same body shape with the widest point at the abdomen and the female reproductive organs exaggerated.
Oftentimes other details, such as the head and limbs, are neglected or absent which leads the figure to be abstracted to the point of simplicity.
Some human bodies from the Palaeolithic era are found similarly covered, so it is assumed this colour had a significant meaning in their culture even though we do not know what.
Although they were originally mostly considered part of the Aurignacian culture, the majority are now associated with the Gravettian and Solutrean cultures.
Within the Magdalenian cultures, the forms become finer with more detail and the styling of said figures started to become similar within areas of close contact.
It has been suggested that because of the way these figures are depicted, such as the large breasts and lack of feet and faces, these statues were made by women looking at their own bodies, as the perspective of their bodies they would have had mirrors that of the figurines, and they likely did not have access to mirrors.
Some scholars suggest a direct continuity between Palaeolithic female figurines and later examples of female depictions from the Neolithic or Bronze Age.
A female figurine which has 'no practical use and is portable' and has the common elements of a Venus figurine (a strong accent or exaggeration of female sex linked traits, and the lack of complete lower limbs) may be considered to be a Venus figurine, even if archaeological evidence suggests it was produced after the main Palaeolithic period.
The period and location in which a figurine was produced helps guide archaeologists to reach conclusions as to whether the art piece found can be defined as a Venus figurine or not.
For example, ceramic figurines from the late ceramic Neolithic may be accepted as Venus figurines, while stone figurines from later periods are not.
This means that a given female figurine may or may not be classified as a Venus figure by any given archaeologist, regardless of its date, though most archaeologists disqualify figurines which date later than the Palaeolithic, even though their purpose could have been the same.
Born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico and raised in the United States, Nieves began his career while participating in Orquesta Cimarron, a New York-based group.
It was first released on 6 November 2000 in the United Kingdom by Skint Records and a day later in the United States by Astralwerks.
The Science of Discworld II: The Globe is a 2002 book written by British novelist Terry Pratchett and science writers Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen.
Where the first book centred on the origins of the universe, earth and the beginnings of life, the second part follows the modern history of Earth.
The central theme in the book is that in order for humans to understand anything it must be encapsulated in a story.
In the story, the wizards accidentally are transported to Roundworld (the real universe, inadvertently created during the first book) during the Elizabethan era.
Back at Unseen University, the thinking machine Hex informs the remaining faculty (Ponder Stibbons, the Librarian and Rincewind) that history has changed and humanity no longer makes it to the stars.
The reason for this is, apparently, an infestation of elves feeding off human imagination and encouraging them to be scared of the dark and the monsters within.
The wizards travel back in time to suppress the elvish influence, but this only makes things worse; people are no longer superstitious, but they are no longer creative either.
The science section explains that, apart from the wizards, this is probably how humanity and science developed; the imagination that peopled the night with terrors went on to create a story in which there was a reliable light source, and made that story reality.
From an incidental notice in one of his letters, stating the amount of house rent paid during his childhood, his parents must have been in easy circumstances, and the supposition is confirmed by the fact that he enjoyed all the advantages of a liberal education, first under the Jesuits of Florence, and then in the University of Pisa.
At Pisa his mind became stored, not only with the results of patient study in various branches of letters, but with the great historical associations linked with the former glory of the Pisan republic, and with one remarkable institution of which Pisa was the seat.
To the tourist who now visits Pisa the banners and emblems of the order of St. Stephen are mere matter of curiosity, but they had a serious significance two hundred years ago to the young Tuscan, who knew that these naval crusaders formed the main defence of his country and commerce against the Turkish, Algerian and Tunisian corsairs.
Abjuring the thought of writing amatory poetry in consequence of the premature death of a young lady to whom he had been attached, he occupied himself chiefly with literary pursuits, above all the composition of Italian and Latin poetry.
The first recompense came, however, not from those princes, but from Christina, the ex-queen of Sweden, who, from her circle of savants and courtiers at Rome, spontaneously and generously announced to Filicaja her wish to bear the expense of educating his two sons, enhancing her kindness by the delicate request that it should remain a secret.
Both there and at Pisa, where he was subsequently governor in 1700, his popularity was so great that on his removal the inhabitants of both cities petitioned for his recall.
He passed the close of his life at Florence; the grandduke raised him to the rank of senator, and he died in that city.
He was buried in the family vault in the church of St. Peter, and a monument was erected to his memory by his sole surviving son Scipione Filicaja.
The schools of Buddhism are the various institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism that have existed from ancient times up to the present.
The classification and nature of various doctrinal, philosophical or cultural facets of the schools of Buddhism is vague and has been interpreted in many different ways, often due to the sheer number (perhaps thousands) of different sects, subsects, movements, etc.
The sectarian and conceptual divisions of Buddhist thought are part of the modern framework of Buddhist studies, as well as comparative religion in Asia.
The most common classification among scholars is threefold, with Mahāyāna itself split between the traditional Mahāyāna teachings, and the Vajrayāna teachings which emphasize esotericism.
The terminology for the major divisions of Buddhism can be confusing, as Buddhism is variously divided by scholars and practitioners according to geographic, historical, and philosophical criteria, with different terms often being used in different contexts.
The different schools in Theravāda often emphasize different aspects (or parts) of the Pāli canon and the later commentaries, or differ in the focus on and recommended way of practice.
The puppet has made appearances and has a fan base in many other countries—including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Uruguay, Venezuela and the former Yugoslavia.
Daniels appeared with a variety of opera companies in the United States including Houston, Washington, D.C., Dallas, San Diego, Cincinnati, and Portland.
The Cadillac Cimarron is an entry-level luxury car manufactured and marketed by the Cadillac division of General Motors from 1981 to 1988 as a four-door sedan across a single generation.
Marking Cadillac's entry into the compact segment and using the GM J platform, the Cimarron was introduced and marketed concurrently with rebadged J-platform variants from each of its divisions, and was manufactured at South Gate Assembly and Janesville Assembly.
The Cimarron is noted as a nadir of GM's product planning for its low sales, poor performance and ill-conceived badge engineering.
While the Seville had sold well, in its research of buyers, Cadillac learned that in place of import buyers, many Sevilles were purchased by traditional luxury-car buyers wanting a smaller car.
To diversify and modernize their product range, and complement the Seville which competed with premium European luxury sedans, Cadillac dealers requested a smaller car that could compete with compact European sedans.
In one of the shortest development programs undertaken by General Motors, development of the Cimarron began in early 1980, even though other vehicles of the GM J-platform had been in development since 1976.
While General Motors wanted Cadillac to better compete with other luxury brands, the use of the J-platform to do so was met with heavy resistance.
Originally scheduled for mid-1980s release, the Cimarron was released in early 1981 along with the Chevrolet Cavalier, Buick Skyhawk, Oldsmobile Firenza, and Pontiac J2000 (later marketed as the Sunbird).
With the Seville competing with mid-size/large European luxury sedans, the Cimarron was marketed as a sportier sedan, competing with the Audi 4000, BMW 320i, Saab 900, and Volvo 240.
The nameplate was chosen from a list that included J2000 (used on predecessor of Pontiac Sunbird); Carmel; Cascade; Caville (blend of Cadillac and De Ville); Envoy; and Series 62 (predecessor of Cadillac Calais).
Using unibody construction, the front suspension consists of a MacPherson strut configuration (mounted to a front subframe), with a rear suspension using torsion beam springs, along with front and rear stabilizer bars.
For 1982, the Cimarron was equipped with a 1.8 L four-cylinder engine, producing (the first four-cylinder Cadillac since 1914 and the first engine below 2.0 L displacement since 1908).
For 1983, the engine was enlarged to 2.0 L and given fuel injection, though engine tuning would drop peak output to .
For 1985, a 2.8 L V6 (shared with the Chevrolet Cavalier and Oldsmobile Firenza) was added as an option, producing ; for 1987, the V6 became standard.
The four-cylinder engines were paired with a 4-speed manual (later a 5-speed), with a 3-speed automatic as an option; the 3-speed automatic was the sole transmission with the V6.
To distinguish the Cimarron from the Chevrolet Cavalier and its Buick, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac counterparts, Cadillac standardized many of the available features offered on J-platform cars at the time, including air conditioning, leather seats, alloy wheels, power mirrors, full instrumentation (including tachometer; the only Cadillac to do so at the time), courtesy lights, intermittent wipers, rear window defogger, and AM/FM stereo.
Available options included automatic transmission, cruise control, tilt steering wheel, power windows, power door locks, power driver and passenger seats, sunroof, and a cassette player.
With the exception of its upholstery and model-specific special suspension tuning, other J-platform models could be optioned nearly identically to a Cimarron though doing so would raise prices close to the $12,131 base price of the Cadillac in 1982.
Cadillac would again offer a compact sedan developed through the badge engineering of vehicles designed by other GM subsidiaries, firstly in 1996 with the Cadillac Catera which was essentially a lightly reworked Opel/Vauxhall Omega produced in Germany.
Derived from the Saab 9-3, the BLS was manufactured by Saab in Sweden as a four-door sedan and as a station wagon.
Sized slightly smaller than the CTS, the BLS was never offered in the United States and Canada and was sold in Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, South Korea, and Mexico.
The President of Sri Lanka has the power to summon, suspend, prorogue, or terminate a legislative session and to dissolve the Parliament.
President can dissolve Parliament only after the lapse of 4 1/2 years or if 2/3 majority of Members of Parliament requests him.
The actions of the President to either suspend or dissolve the Parliament is subject to legal scrutinity of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka.
The Speaker or, in his absence, the Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees or the Deputy Chairman of Committees, presides over Parliament.
Parliament has the power to make laws, including laws having retrospective effect and repealing or amending any provision of the Constitution, or adding any provision to the Constitution.
The first legislature established in Ceylon was the Executive Council and the Legislative Council, which were established on March 13, 1833 according to the recommendations of the Colebrook-Cameron commission.
The Executive Council was composed of the Colonial Secretary, the officer commanding the Military Forces, the Attorney General, the Auditor-General and the Treasurer.
The duties of the council were advisory and the Governor of Ceylon, who presided over their meetings and consulted them, was at liberty to disregard their advice.
At the beginning 16, and later 49 members, were elected for the Legislative Council, but a limited number of people were qualified to vote.
In 1931 the Legislative Council was dissolved and in its place a more powerful State Council of Ceylon was established with its 101 members elected by universal adult franchise as provided by the Donoughmore Constitution.
Prior to the granting of independence and the establishment of the Dominion of Ceylon on 4 February 1948, a new bicameral parliament was established in 1947, according to the recommendations of the Soulbury Commission after the State Council was dissolved.
It was based on the Westminster model with an upper house, the Senate, whose members were appointed and a lower house of parliament, the House of Representatives, whose members were directly elected.
The House of Representatives consisted of 101 Members (increased to 157 in 1960) and the Senate consisted of 30 Members, of whom 15 were elected by the House of Representatives and 15 nominated by the Governor-General of Ceylon.
On 22 May 1972 when the republican constitution was enacted, the House of Representatives was replaced with the National State Assembly which had 168 elected members.
This itself was replaced by the Parliament of Sri Lanka when the constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka was enacted in 1977.
On 20 August 2015, Two major parties the United National Party and Sri Lanka Freedom Party have signed Memorandum of Understanding to form the National Government in order to address major unresolved issue after the end of 30-year old ethnic conflict, This is the first time in Sri Lanka's political history that two major parties agrees to work in the joint government.
The remaining 29 MPs are elected from National Lists allocated to the parties (and independent groups) in proportion to their share of the national vote.
The Sergeant-at-Arms is responsible for the maintenance of law, order, and security on the House's premises and acts also as master-of-ceremonies.
The Serjeant-at-Arms carries the ceremonial mace, a symbol of the authority of the People and of the Parliament, into the House each day in front of the Speaker, and the Mace is laid upon the Table of the House during sittings.
The Staff Advisory Committee (SAC) established under the Parliamentary Staff Act provides advice and guidance to the Parliamentary Secretariat with respect to matters concerning Parliamentary staff.
The SAC consists of the Speaker (Chairman), the Leader of the House, the Minister of Finance and the Leader of the Opposition.
Secretariat maintains the Speaker's Residence and the Madiwela Housing Complex for MPs and the nineteen-roomed holiday bungalow for MPs, General's House in Nuwara Eliya.
Parliament also owns Mumtaz Mahal which was the former residence of the Speaker and Srawasthi Mandiraya the former hostel for MPs.
On January 29, 1930 the British Governor of Ceylon, Sir Herbert Stanley (1927–1931), opened a building fronting the ocean at Galle Face, Colombo, designed for meetings of the Legislative Council.
It was subsequently used by the State Council (1931–1947), the House of Representatives (1947–1972), the National State Assembly (1972–1977) and the Parliament of Sri Lanka (1977–1981).
In 1967 under Speaker Albert F. Peris, the leaders of the political parties unanimously resolved that a new Parliament building be constructed on the opposite side of Beira Lake from the existing Parliament at Galle Face, but no further action was taken.
While Stanley Tillekeratne was the Speaker (1970–77), the leaders of the political parties entrusted the drawing up of plans for a new Parliament building to architects, but the project was subsequently abandoned.
The muskrat is the largest species in the subfamily Arvicolinae, which includes 142 other species of rodents, mostly voles and lemmings.
Muskrats are covered with short, thick fur, which is medium to dark brown or black in color, with the belly a bit lighter (countershaded); as the age increases, it turns a partly gray in color.
They have long tails covered with scales rather than hair, and to aid them in swimming, are slightly flattened vertically, which is a shape that is unique to them.
Their bodies, like those of seals and whales, are less sensitive to the buildup of carbon dioxide than those of most other mammals.
They were introduced to Europe in the beginning of the 20th century and have become an invasive species in northwestern Europe.
Their populations naturally cycle; in areas where they become abundant, they are capable of removing much of the vegetation in wetlands.
Alligators are thought to be an important natural predator, and the absence of muskrats from Florida may in part be the result of alligator predation.
While much wetland habitat has been eliminated due to human activity, new muskrat habitat has been created by the construction of canals or irrigation channels, and the muskrat remains common and widespread.
In snowy areas, they keep the openings to their push-ups closed by plugging them with vegetation, which they replace every day.
Plant materials compose about 95% of their diets, but they also eat small animals, such as freshwater mussels, frogs, crayfish, fish, and small turtles.
Muskrats provide an important food resource for many other animals, including mink, foxes, coyotes, wolves, lynx, bobcats, bears, eagles, snakes, alligators, and large owls and hawks.
Caribou and elk sometimes feed on the vegetation which makes up muskrat push-ups during the winter when other food is scarce for them.
They can be completely eradicated in shallow water bodies, and during the winter of 1948–49 in the Amu Darya (river in central Asia), muskrats constituted 12.3% of jackal faeces contents, and 71% of muskrat houses were destroyed by jackals, 16% of which froze and became unsuitable for muskrat occupation.
Muskrat populations appear to go through a regular pattern of rise and dramatic decline spread over a six- to 10-year period.
In several Native American creation myths, the muskrat dives to the bottom of the primordial sea to bring up the mud from which the earth is created, after other animals have failed in the task.
In the southeastern portion of Michigan, a longstanding dispensation allows Catholics to consume muskrat as their Friday penance, on Ash Wednesday, and on Lenten Fridays (when the eating of flesh, except for fish, is prohibited); this tradition dates back to at least the early 19th century.
In some European countries, such as Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, the muskrat is considered an invasive pest, as its burrowing damages the dikes and levees on which these low-lying countries depend for protection from flooding.
As a portable web application written primarily in PHP, it has become one of the most popular MySQL administration tools, especially for web hosting services.
Tobias Ratschiller, then an IT consultant and later founder of the software company Maguma, started to work on a PHP-based web front-end to MySQL in 1998, inspired by MySQL-Webadmin.
He gave up the project (and phpAdsNew, of which he was also the original author) in 2000 because of lack of time.
By that time, phpMyAdmin had already become one of the most popular PHP applications and MySQL administration tools, with a large community of users and contributors.
Draglines fall into two broad categories: those that are based on standard, lifting cranes, and the heavy units which have to be built on-site.
The much larger type which is built on site is commonly used in strip-mining operations to remove overburden above coal and more recently for oil sands mining.
The smallest and most common of the heavy type weigh around 8,000 tons while the largest built weighed around 13,000 tons.
A dragline bucket system consists of a large bucket which is suspended from a boom (a large truss-like structure) with wire ropes.
The dragline was invented in 1904 by John W. Page (as a partner of the firm Page & Schnable Contracting) for use in digging the Chicago Canal.
By 1912, Page realized that building draglines was more lucrative than contracting, so he created the Page Engineering Company to build draglines.
Page also invented the arched dragline bucket, a design still commonly used today by draglines from many other manufacturers, and in the 1960s pioneered an archless bucket design.
With its walking mechanism badly behind that of competitor Monighan (see below), Page updated their mechanism to an eccentric drive in 1935.
In 1907, Monighan's Machine Works of Chicago became interested in manufacturing draglines when local contractor John W. Page placed an order for hoisting machinery to install one.
The cam mechanism was further improved in 1925 by eliminating the drag chains for the shoes and changing to a cam wheel running in an oval track.
After WWI, demand for excavators increased and in 1924 they reached an agreement to build Marion draglines from 1 to 8 cubic yards capacity.
In 1958 the Ramsomes & Rapier division was sold to Newton, Chambers & Co. Ltd of Sheffield, which was combined with their NCK Crane & Excavator division.
Bucyrus Foundry and Manufacturing Company entered the dragline market in 1910 with the purchase of manufacturing rights for the Heyworth-Newman dragline excavator.
In 1912 Bucyrus helped pioneer the use of electricity as a power source for large stripping shovels and draglines used in mining.
After the merger with Monighan in 1946, Bucyrus began producing much larger machines using the Monighan walking mechanism such as the 800 ton 650-B which used a 15-yard bucket.
P&H's acquisition of Page in 1988 along with Bucyrus' acquisition of Ransomes & Rapier in 1988 and Marion in 1997 cut the number of worldwide suppliers of heavy draglines by more than half.
The bucket is then lowered and the dragrope is then drawn so that the bucket is dragged along the surface of the material.
On crane-type draglines, the bucket can also be 'thrown' by winding up to the jib and then releasing a clutch on the drag cable.
On smaller draglines, a skilled operator could make the bucket land about one-half the length of the jib further away than if it had just been dropped.
The first is the side cast method using offset benches; this involves throwing the overburden sideways onto blasted material to make a bench.
This pass cuts a key at the toe of the new highwall and also shifts the bench further towards the low-wall.
It involves using the key to access to bottom of the material to lift it up to spoil or to an elevated bench level.
A typical bucket has a volume ranging from 40 to 80 cubic yards (30 to 60 cubic metres), though extremely large buckets have ranged up to .
Their power consumption on order of several megawatts is so great that they have a direct connection to the high-voltage grid at voltages of between 6.6 and 22 kV.
A typical dragline weighing 4000 to 6000 tons, with a 55-cubic-metre bucket, can use up to 6 megawatts during normal digging operations.
For instance, there is a long-lived story that, back in the 1970s, if all seven draglines at Peak Downs Mine (a very large BHP coal mine in central Queensland, Australia) turned simultaneously, they would black out all of North Queensland.
However even now, if they have been shut down, they are always restarted one at a time due to the immense power requirements of startup.
But mining draglines due to their reach can work a large area from one position and do not need to constantly move along the face like smaller machines.
The primary limitations of draglines are their boom height and boom length, which limits where the dragline can dump the waste material.
While a dragline can dig above itself, it does so inefficiently and is not suitable to load piled up material (as a rope shovel or wheel loader can).
Despite their limitations, and their extremely high capital cost, draglines remain popular with many mines, due to their reliability, and extremely low waste removal cost.
The coal mining dragline known as Big Muskie, owned by the Central Ohio Coal Company (a division of American Electric Power), was the world's largest mobile earth-moving machine, weighing nearly 13,000 tonnes and standing nearly 22 stories tall.
It operated in Muskingum County, in the U.S. state of Ohio from 1969 to 1991, and derived power from a 13,800 volt electrical supply.
The British firm of Ransomes & Rapier produced a few large (1400-1800 ton) excavators, the largest in Europe at the time (1960s).
After its working life at the first site in Rutland was finished it walked 13 miles to a new life at Corby; the walk took 9 weeks.
Smaller draglines were also commonly used before hydraulic excavators came into common use, the smaller draglines are now rarely used other than on river and gravel pit works.
Firms such as Ruston and Bucyrus made models such as the RB10 which were popular for small building works and drainage work.
Electric drive systems were only used on the larger mining machines, most modern machines use a diesel-hydraulic drive, as machines are seldom in one location long enough to justify the cost of installing a substation and supply cables.
In the same way that flight simulators have developed to train pilots, mining simulator software has been developed to assist new operators in learning how to control the machines.
Instead of using two ropes (the hoist rope and the drag rope) to manipulate the bucket, a UDD machine uses four ropes, two hoist and two drag.
This allows the dragline operator to have much greater selectivity in when to pick up the bucket, and in how the bucket may be dumped.
The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) was a voluntary regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers.
The PCC closed on Monday 8 September 2014, and was replaced by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), chaired by Sir Alan Moses.
It had no legal powers – all newspapers and magazines voluntarily contributed to the costs of, and adhered to the rulings of, the Commission, making the industry self-regulating.
The PCC received extensive criticism for its lack of action in the News of the World phone hacking affair, including from MPs and Prime Minister David Cameron, who called for it to be replaced with a new system in July 2011.
The Leveson Inquiry was set up and reported in November 2012 but there since has been deadlock over its proposals for self-regulation despite the establishment of a Royal Charter on self-regulation of the press.
The precursor to the PCC was the Press Council, a voluntary press organisation founded in 1953 with the aim of maintaining high standards of ethics in journalism.
The Home Office thus set up a departmental committee, headed by Sir David Calcutt, to investigate whether a body with formal legal powers should be created to regulate the industry.
The report, published in June 1990, concluded that a voluntary body, with a full, published code of conduct should be given eighteen months to prove its effectiveness.
The first high-profile case handled by the PCC was brought by the Duke of York who claimed that the press were invading the privacy of his small children.
Sir Christopher Meyer was appointed in 2002 following a brief period of interim chairmanship by Professor Robert Pinker, leaving in 2008.
Around two thirds of these were related to alleged factual inaccuracies, one in five related to alleged invasions of privacy and the rest included the lack of right to reply, harassment and obtaining information using covert devices.
31 of the cases were adjudicated by the Commission before being resolved as the complainants were initially not satisfied by the action recommended by the Commission.
As of 12 January 2011, the Northern and Shell group (often referred to as the Express Group) of publications withdrew its subscription to the PCC.
Consequently, the Daily & Sunday Express, Scottish Daily & Sunday Express, Daily & Sunday Star, OK!, New magazine and Star magazine are no longer bound by the PCC's code of practice, and the public no longer has recourse to making complaints through the PCC.
Any member of the public, whether a relative unknown or a high-profile figure, is able to bring a complaint against a publication that had volunteered to meet the standards of the Code.
Many publishers have added clauses to the contracts of editors of newspapers and magazines giving them the option to dismiss editors who are judged to have breached the PCC Code of Practice.
The PCC and its adherents claim that by attaching personal significance to the role of the PCC in the editors' mind, its role has become more effective.
The MediaWise Trust, a charitable organisation set up to help people in their dealings with the press says that the self-regulation system has proved to help the rich but not the poor.
During a House of Commons emergency debate into the same affair on 6 July 2011, MPs described the PCC as 'well-meaning but a joke', and as much use as 'a chocolate teapot'.
In a press conference on 8 July 2011, Prime Minister David Cameron described the PCC as 'inadequate' and 'absent' during the phone hacking affair, and implied that the organisation would have to be reformed or replaced.
The 2009 British investigative documentary Starsuckers exposed the request to obtain medical records of celebrities by many of the red-top UK tabloids, and the lack of PCC action against the papers that had broken the PCC charter.
The response of Chris Atkins, the documentary's director, was that the PCC had yet still not acted on the issue of several newspapers breaking their Code of conduct 8.2.
The British Rail Class 01 diesel locomotive was a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance.
They were numbered 11503-11506, then D2953-2956, and two survived long enough to enter the BR TOPS system as 01 001 (D2954) and 01 002 (D2955).
The locomotives were very versatile, despite having only available, and were small enough to operate on any railway on the BR standard gauge network — except for the small problem that they were limited to .
For a fleet of just five locomotives, they were also very reliable, although Stratford Docks, where they originally worked, was not noted for creating very hard labour.
01 001 and 01 002 survived in BR service because they were required to service the Holyhead Breakwater, being the only locomotives light enough for that track.
Class 01 locomotives had a Gardner 6-cylinder in-line, 4-stroke 6L3 engine of 153 hp (114 kW) at 1,200 rpm connected to a Wilson SE4, 4-speed epicyclic gear box with a Vulcan-Sinclair type 23 rigid hydraulic coupling, and a Wiseman 15LGB reverse and final drive unit.
More recently, the sub-classification 01/5 has come into use to refer to small, privately owned shunters certified to run on the national network.
As such, 01/5 is a collective grouping of a number of very different locomotives, having in common only that they are small, hitherto unclassified shunters of designs never given a BR classification.
In 2004, A. Miller identified five potentially new species that have not yet been published but were included in the IUCN Red List data, given their restricted range in Yemen.
The J. M. Smucker Company, also known as Smucker and Smucker's, is an American manufacturer of jam, peanut butter, beverages, shortening, ice cream toppings, oils, and other products in North America.
The J. M. Smucker Company has been headquartered in Orrville, Ohio, since its founding, and has been family-run for four generations.
In May 2008, Smucker's announced it had bought the food division of Knott's Berry Farm from ConAgra Foods, while Cedar Fair continues to own the theme park itself.
On June 4, 2008, Smucker's announced it would purchase the Folgers coffee brand division from Procter & Gamble for $3.3 billion.
After an antitrust lawsuit filed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in early March 2018, ConAgra Brands Inc. and J. M. Smucker Co. cancelled a deal for Smucker to purchase the Wesson cooking oil brand.
The FTC claimed that Smucker would have controlled at least 70 percent of the market for branded canola and vegetable oils.
The J. M. Smucker Company is a marketer and manufacturer of fruit spreads, peanut butter, shortening and oils, ice cream toppings, sweetened condensed milk, and health and natural foods and beverages.
Golo Mann (27 March 1909 – 7 April 1994), born Angelus Gottfried Thomas Mann, was a German popular historian, essayist and writer.
Golo Mann, originally a Bavarian German, held Czechoslovakian citizenship from 1936 on, American 1943–68, Swiss from 1968 on and additionally German since 1976.
Among his siblings he was most tightly connected with Klaus, whereas he disliked the dogmatism and radical views of his sister Erika.
An average pupil, he received a classical education at the Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Munich beginning in September 1918, revealing talents in history, Latin, and especially in reciting poems, the latter being a lifelong passion.
Increasingly sensing his parents‘ home as a burden, he attempted a kind of break-out by joining the Boy Scouts in spring 1921.
New horizons opened up in 1923, when Mann entered the boarding school in Salem, feeling liberated from home and enjoying the new educational approach.
Here, in the countryside near Lake Constance, he developed an enduring passion for hiking through the mountains, although he suffered from a lifelong knee injury.
Upon the final school exams in 1927, he commenced his studies of law in Munich, moving the same year to Berlin and switching to history and philosophy.
Here he followed the advice of his teacher Karl Jaspers to graduate in philosophy on the one hand, and to study history and Latin with the prospect of becoming a school teacher on the other.
While his parents already lived abroad, Golo Mann looked after the family house in Munich in April 1933, helped his three younger siblings leave the country and brought the greater part of his parents' savings via Karlsruhe and the German embassy in Paris to Switzerland.
He spent the summer at the mansion of the American travel writer William Seabrook near Sanary-sur-Mer and lived six further weeks at the new family house in Küsnacht near Zurich.
Mann's travels to Switzerland prove that the relationship with his father was easier, because in the meantime Thomas Mann had learned to appreciate his son's political knowledge.
But it was only when Golo Mann helped edit his father's diaries in later years that he realised fully how much acceptance he had gained.
Help came from the Czech businessman and admirer Rudolf Fleischmann, who arranged the naturalization to his Bohemian town of Prosec and subsequently Czech citizenship.
As a reaction to Adolf Hitler's successes in the West in May 1940 during World War II, Golo Mann decided to fight against the German invaders and to join a Czech military unit on French soil as a volunteer.
Upon crossing the border he was arrested at Annecy and brought to the French concentration camp Les Milles, a brickyard near Aix-en-Provence.
He stayed at his parents' house in Princeton, then in New York, before moving with them in 1941 to Pacific Palisades, California.
In April 1944, he was sent to London where he made radio commentaries for the German language division of the American Broadcasting Station.
The same year saw the publication of his first book of lasting value, a biography in English of the 19th century diplomat Friedrich von Gentz.
It also marked his final return to Europe because he became guest professor at the University of Münster for two winter terms in a row.
In the following years, Mann worked as a free-lance historian and essayist, suffering in both capacities from chronic overwork that increasingly damaged not only his work but also his health.
He took up residence at his parents' house in Kilchberg near the Lake of Zurich, where he lived until 1993 — sharing the house for most years with his mother.
In his political work, Mann first praised the West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for his course towards integration with France and the United States.
He nevertheless criticized Adenauer's insincerity concerning a reunification with East Germany, so that he came to support the new détente ideas of Willy Brandt.
He gradually became alienated from Brandt in 1973, reproaching him with passivity towards alleged communist infiltration in his Social Democratic Party.
In a surprising discontinuity with his former political engagement for Willy Brandt, Mann supported the controversial politician Franz-Josef Strauß in his campaign for Chancellor in 1980, hoping for a more decisive fight against radical left-wing activities.
After the death of his adopted son, he lived a secluded life, most of the time in Berzona, in the Swiss Canton of the Ticino.
According to Tilman Lahme's biography, although Golo Mann did not act out his homosexuality as openly as his brother Klaus Mann he still had love relationships since his student days.
She acted in, and wrote for, an anti-Nazi cabaret in Berlin and, after Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann moved to Switzerland.
In 1935 she married the poet W. H. Auden, purely to ensure she could obtain a British passport and not become stateless when the Nazi regime cancelled her German citizenship.
During World War Two, Mann worked for the BBC, broadcasting in German from London, before becoming a war correspondent attached to the Allied forces advancing across Europe after D-Day.
As a correspondent, she attended the Nuremberg trials before moving to America to support her parents who were living in exile there.
Erika Mann was born in Munich, the first-born daughter of writer and later Nobel-prize winner Thomas Mann and his wife, Katia (née Pringsheim), the daughter of an intellectual German family of Jewish heritage.
It is a girl; a disappointment for me, as I want to admit between us, because I had greatly desired a son and will not stop to hold such a desire.
[...] I feel a son is much more full of poetry [poesievoller], more than a sequel and restart for myself under new circumstances.
In Erika he had a particular trust, which later showed itself in that she exercised a great influence on the important decisions of her father.
From 1912 to 1914, Erika Mann attended a private school with her brother, joining for a year the Bogenhausener Volksschule, and from 1915 to 1920 she attended the Höhere Mädchenschule am St. Annaplatz.
Together with her brother Klaus, she befriended children in the neighborhood, including Bruno Walter's daughters, Gretel and Lotte Walter, as well as , the son of a Jewish intellectual family.
While still a student at the Munich Luisengymnasium, Max Reinhardt engaged her to appear on the stage of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin for the first time.
In 1924 she passed the Abitur, albeit with poor marks, and began her theatrical studies in Berlin that were again interrupted, because of her numerous engagements in Hamburg, Munich, Berlin and elsewhere.
The play, about a group of four friends who were in love with each other, opened in October 1925 to considerable publicity.
In 1924 the actor Gustaf Gründgens had offered to direct the production and play one of the lead male roles, alongside Klaus, with Erika and Pamela Wedekind as the female leads.
For their honeymoon, in July 1926, Erika and Gründgens stayed in a hotel that Erika and Wedekind had used as a couple shortly before, with the latter checking in dressed as a man.
Erika Mann would later have relationships with Therese Giehse, Annemarie Schwarzenbach and Betty Knox, with whom she served as a war correspondent during World War II.
In 1935, it became apparent that the Nazis were intending to strip Mann of her German citizenship;- her uncle, Heinrich Mann, was the first person to be stripped of German citizenship when the Nazis took office.
Mann and Auden never lived together, but remained on good terms throughout their lives and were still married when Mann died and left him a small bequest in her will.
In 1936, Auden introduced Therese Giehse, Mann's lover, to the writer John Hampson and they too married so that Giehse could leave Germany.
There Erika Mann lived with Therese Giehse, her brother Klaus and Annemarie Schwarzenbach, amid a large group of artists in exile that included Kurt Weill, Ernst Toller and Sonia Sekula.
During World War II, Mann worked as a journalist in London, making radio broadcasts, in German, for the BBC throughout the Blitz and the Battle of Britain.
As soon as it was possible, she went to Munich to register a claim for the return of the Mann family home.
She was equally angry at the complete lack of guilt displayed by some of the German civilians and officials that she met.
Mann attended the Nuremberg trial each day from the opening session, on 20 November 1945, until the court adjoined a month later for Christmas.
She was present on 26 November when the first film evidence from an extermination camp was shown in the court room.
She interviewed the defense lawyers and ridiculed their arguments in her reports and made clear that she thought the court was indulging the behaviour of the defendants, in particular Hermann Göring.
When the court adjourned for Christmas, Mann went to Zurich to spend time with her brother, Betty Knox and Therese Giehse.
After a spell recovering at a spa in Arosa, Mann returned to Nuremberg in March 1946 to continue covering the war crimes trial.
In May 1946, Mann left Germany for California to help look after her father who was being treated for lung cancer.
She considered it a scandal that Göring had managed to commit suicide and was furious at the slow pace of the denazification process.
In particular, Mann objected to what she considered the lenient treatment of cultural figures, such as the conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler, who had stayed in Germany throughout the Nazi period.
In 1952, due to the anti-communist red scare and the numerous accusations from the McCarthy Committee, the Mann family left the US and she moved back to Switzerland with her parents.
She died in Zürich from a brain tumour and is buried at Friedhof Kilchberg in Zürich, also the site of her parents' graves.
Big Beach Boutique II is a mixed compilation album containing some of the songs which were played by British big beat musician Fatboy Slim and Midfield General in a live performance on Brighton Beach on July 13, 2002.
In many parliaments and other similar assemblies, seating is typically arranged in banks or rows, with each political party or caucus grouped together.
The spokespeople for each group will often sit at the front of their group, and are then known as being on the frontbench (or front bench) and are described as frontbenchers.
Independent and minority parties sit to the side or on benches between the two sides, and are referred to as crossbenchers.
In the British House of Commons, the Government frontbench is traditionally called the Treasury bench (HM Treasury is the oldest government department).
The government frontbench is on the right hand side as seen by the Chairman (typically the Speaker of the House of Commons or the Lord Speaker), and is occupied by Government ministers.
While backbenchers are referred to in the House of Commons of Canada (and the provincial legislatures), the front seats on the government side are reserved for cabinet ministers.
In the case of Nunavut and Northwest Territories where there is consensus government with a non-partisan makeup, ministers sit amongst regular members.
A front bench in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas of the Republic of Ireland, refers to any organised group of party members who holds any degree of speaking power (derived from the party) on specific issues.
The Teachtaí Dála (TDs) who are members of the Government of Ireland constitute the government front bench, while the members of parties in declared opposition to the government constitute the opposition front bench.
Credited for the creation of modern architecture in post-Independent India, he was celebrated for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor and for his use of traditional methods and materials.
He went on to study at the University of Michigan (1949–53) where Buckminster Fuller was a teacher, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1953–55) where he obtained his master's degree.
His first significant project was the Mahatma Gandhi Sangrahalaya (Mahatma Gandhi Memorial) at Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad (1958–1963), followed by the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in Bhopal (1967).
From 1970–75, Charles Correa was Chief Architect for New Bombay (Navi Mumbai), where he was strongly involved in extensive urban planning of the new city.
In 1984, Charles Correa founded the Urban Design Research Institute in Bombay, dedicated to the protection of the built environment and improvement of urban communities.
During the final four decades of his life, Correa has done pioneering work in urban issues and low-cost shelter in the Third World.
Later, Charles Correa designed the new Ismaili Centre in Toronto, Canada, which shared the site with the Aga Khan Museum designed by Fumihiko Maki, and the Champalimaud Foundation Centre in Lisbon, inaugurated by the Portuguese President Cavaco Silva on 5 October 2010.
He rejected the glass-and-steel approach of some post-modernist buildings, and focused on designs deeply rooted in local cultures, allthewhile providing modern structural solutions under his creative designs.
Enrique Grau (December 18, 1920 – April 1, 2004) was a Colombian artist best known for his depictions of Amerindian and Afro-Colombian figures.
He was a member of the triumvirate of key Colombian artists of the 20th century which included Fernando Botero and Alejandro Obregón.
Grau was born in Panama City, Panama, just like many of the children of his time with Colombian parents, and raised in Cartagena, Colombia.
Grau studied at the Art Students League in New York City, USA from 1941–42, and later toured Italy, where he learned etching and fresco techniques before moving to the city of Cartagena.
His associations of white, black, and indigenous figures and objects such as masks, eggs, fruit, or cages brought him international fame, with exhibitions at the Guggenheim Museum in New York City and the Paris Museum of Modern Art.
Grau donated 1,300 works of art (including some by other artists) to the city of Cartagena, which were used to establish the Museum of Modern Art.
The British Rail Class 02 were a class of twenty 0-4-0 diesel-hydraulic shunting locomotives built by the Yorkshire Engine Company in 1960 (first ten, D2850-D2859) and 1961 (D2860-D2869) for service in areas of restricted loading gauge and curvature such as docks.
They had the door to the cab at the rear, with a railed veranda behind the cab; this feature was very unusual on British Rail locomotives although was used on many Yorkshire Engine Co. designs and was/is quite normal in North American practice.
With the changes in the role of the British railway system and the closing of many of the facilities in which the Class 02 locomotives worked, they were increasingly surplus to requirements.
The first locomotives were withdrawn in December 1969 from the Preston division of the Midland Region and by the end of 1971 there were only 4 left in service with British Rail.
Of these, only three survived long enough to enter the BR TOPS computer system: 02 001 (formerly D2851), 02 003 (D2853), and 02 004 (D2856), and all three were withdrawn in June 1975 from Allerton depot.
Being between nine and fourteen years old when withdrawn, they still had a lot of life left in them, and the majority were sold to private industry, with only 9 being cut up for scrap.
There are 7 locomotives now in preservation, where their small size makes them perfect as a workshop shunter or for use in track maintenance work.
One (D2860) is the works shunter for the National Railway Museum in York, where it is used to move much larger exhibits around.
in-line connected to a Rolls-Royce series 10,000 3-stage twin-disc torque converter and a manually operated YEC reduction and reversing final drive gearbox.
The engine and transmission are mounted at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal to allow the overall length and height of the locomotive to be reduced.
In addition to these locomotives produced for British Railways, around 50 very similar locomotives (most with diesel-electric transmission and/or more powerful engines) were produced for industrial customers.
Vilnius University (; former names exist) is the oldest university in the Baltic states, one of the oldest and most famous in Central Europe, preceded only by the universities of Prague, Kraków, Pécs, Budapest, Bratislava and Königsberg.
The university was founded in 1579 as the Jesuit Academy (College) of Vilnius by Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, Stephen Báthory.
In the aftermath of the Third Partition of Poland (1795) and the November Uprising (1830–1831), the university was closed down and suspended its operation until 1919.
In the aftermath of World War I the university saw failed attempts to restart it by Lithuania (December 1918) and invading Soviet forces (March 1919).
It finally resumed operations as Stefan Batory University in Poland (August 1919), a period followed by another Soviet occupation in 1920, and the less than two-years of the Republic of Central Lithuania, incorporated into Poland in 1922.
Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, the university was briefly administered by the Lithuanian authorities (from October 1939), and then after Soviet annexation of Lithuania (June 1940), punctuated by a period of German occupation after German invasion of the Soviet Union (1941–1944), administrated as Vilnius State University by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.
In 1945 the Polish community of students and scholars of Stefan Batory University was transferred to Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.
After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it resumed its status as one of the prominent universities in Lithuania.
Due to its long history of Jewish, Polish and Russian influence or rule, the city portion of its name is rendered as Vilna (Latin), Wilna (German) or Wilno (Polish), in addition to Lithuanian Vilnius (see History of Vilnius).
The following year Walerian Protasewicz, the bishop of Vilnius, purchased several buildings in the city center and established the Vilnian Academy (Almae Academia et Universitas Vilnensis Societatis Jesu).
At the beginning of the 17th century there are records about special groups that taught Lithuanian-speaking students Latin, most probably using Konstantinas Sirvydas' compiled dictionary.
A library at the college was established in the same year, and Sigismund II Augustus donated 2500 books to the new college.
On April 1, 1579, Stefan Batory King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, upgraded the academy and granted it equal status with the Kraków Academy, creating the Alma Academia et Universitas Vilnensis Societatis Iesu.
He invited many scientists from various parts of Europe and expanded the library, with the sponsorship of many notable persons: Sigismund II Augustus, Bishop Walerian Protasewicz, and Kazimierz Lew Sapieha.
Lithuanians at the time comprised about one third of the students (in 1568 there were circa 700 students), others were Germans, Poles, Swedes, and even Hungarians.
In 1575, Duke Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł and Elżbieta Ogińska sponsored a printing house for the academy, one of the first in the region.
The printing house issued books in Latin and Polish and the first surviving book in Lithuanian printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was in 1595.
The following era, known as The Deluge, led to a dramatic drop in the number of students who matriculated and in the quality of its programs.
This led to the foundation of the first observatory in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (the fourth such professional facility in Europe), in 1753, by Tomasz Żebrowski.
The Commission of National Education (), the world's first ministry of education, took control of the academy in 1773, and transformed it into a modern University.
However, the Commission of National Education retained control over the academy until 1803, when Tsar Alexander I of Russia accepted the new statute and renamed it The Imperial University of Vilna (Императорскій Виленскiй Университетъ).
A number of students, among them poet Adam Mickiewicz, were arrested in 1823 for conspiracy against the tsar (membership in Filomaci).
But soon they were closed as well with Medical and Surgical Academy transformed into Medical faculty of University of Kiev (now Bogomolets National Medical University), and latter one being transformed into Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy (after the October Revolution of 1917 moved to Poland where it became Catholic University of Lublin).
The repression that followed the failed uprising included banning the Polish and Lithuanian languages; all education in those languages was halted.
The city would fall to the Soviets again in 1920, who transferred it to the Lithuanian state after their defeat in the battle of Warsaw.
Finally, in the aftermath of the Żeligowski's Mutiny and 1922 Republic of Central Lithuania general election, the Vilnius Region was subsequently annexed by Poland.
In response to the dispute over the region, many Lithuanian scholars moved to Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, the interwar capital.
The university quickly recovered and gained international prestige, largely because of the presence of notable scientists such as Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Marian Zdziechowski, and Henryk Niewodniczański.
Anti-Semitism increased during the 1930s and a system of ghetto benches, in which Jewish students were required to sit in separate areas, was instituted at the university.
The faculty was then authorized to decide on an individual basis whether the segregation should be observed in their classrooms and expel those students who would not comply.
On October 28, Vilnius was transferred to Lithuania which considered the previous eighteen years as an occupation by Poland of its capital.
The new charter specified that Vilnius University was to be governed according to the statute of the Vytautas Magnus University of Kaunas, and that Lithuanian language programs and faculties would be established.
Polish Law and Social Sciences, Humanities, Medical, Theological, Mathematical-Life sciences faculties continued to work underground with lectures and exams held in private flats until 1944.
Between September 1939 and July 1941, the Soviets arrested and deported nineteen Polish faculty and ex-faculty of the University of Stefan Batory, of who nine perished: Professors Stanisław Cywinski, Władysław Marian Jakowicki, Jan Kempisty, Józef Marcinkiewicz, Tadeusz Kolaczyński, Piotr Oficjalski, Włodzimierz Godłowski, Konstanty Pietkiewicz, and Konstanty Sokol-Sokolowski, the last five victims of the Katyn massacre.
From 1940 until September 1944, under Lithuanian professor and activist Mykolas Biržiška, the University of Vilnius was open for Lithuanian students under supervision of the German occupation authorities.
The majority of them were later arrested by the NKVD and suffered repressions from their participation in the Armia Krajowa resistance.
After 1945, most of the mathematicians, humanists and biologists joined the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, while a number of the medical faculty formed the core of the newly founded Medical University of Gdańsk.
After it had been awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1971 and the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1979, its full name until 1990 was Vilnius Order of the Red Banner of Labour and Order of Friendship of Peoples V. Kapsukas State University.
Faculties of Physics, Economy, Law, and Communication, as well as Business School, Life Sciences Center, and Scholarly Communication and Information Centre are located in Saulėtekis district.
Under Erasmus+ programme the university has over 800 agreements with 430 European and 55 agreements with partner country universities for the academic exchanges.
The University is a signatory of the Magna Charta of European universities and a member of the International Association of Universities, European University Association, the Conference of Baltic University Rectors, the Utrecht Network, UNICA Network, and the Baltic Sea Region University Network.
In addition, Vilnius University has been invited to join the Coimbra Group, a network of prestigious European universities, from 1 January 2016.
The name is derived from a legend saying that in every spot where the flower grows, a drop of blood has spilled on the earth.
Born in Kuwait to a Palestinian family, she later moved to Jordan for work, where she met the then prince Abdullah.
Since marrying the now King of Jordan in 1993, she has become known for her advocacy work related to education, health, community empowerment, youth, cross-cultural dialogue and micro-finance.
Upon her graduation from the American University, she worked briefly in marketing for Citibank, followed by a job with Apple Inc. in Amman.
In July 2005, in partnership with the Ministry of Education, the King and Queen launched an annual teachers’ award, the Queen Rania Award for Excellence in Education.
The Jordan River Children Program (JRCP) was developed by Queen Rania to place children’s welfare above political agendas and cultural taboos.
This led to the launch, in 1998, of JRF’s Child Safety Program, which addresses the immediate needs of children at risk from abuse and initiated a long-term campaign to increase public awareness about violence against children.
The deaths of two children in Amman as a result of child abuse in early 2009 led Queen Rania to call for an emergency meeting of government and non-government (including JRF) stakeholders to discuss where the system was failing.
In 2009, to celebrate the 10th anniversary of her husband's accession to the throne, Queen Rania launched a community champion award (Ahel Al Himmeh) in March to highlight the accomplishments of groups and individuals who have helped their local communities.
Queen Rania has stated that an essential aspect of education is to equip young people with the necessary skills to perform well in the workplace.
She initiated the Al-Aman Fund for the Future of Orphans in 2003, and has partnered with international universities providing scholarships for Jordanian students abroad.
She supports INJAZ Al-Arab, which was established by Save the Children in 1999, and later on with Junior Achievement and launched as a Jordanian non-profit organization by the Queen in 2001.
In her capacity as Regional Ambassador of INJAZ Al-Arab, she has taught classes, and engaged in dialogue with young people in other countries; she also launched INJAZ Al-Arab's presence elsewhere in the Arab world.
In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative.
The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.
As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009.
Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.
In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name.
Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world’s biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education.
On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide.
Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world.
Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue.
For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK.
Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.
She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam.
For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008.
In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.
When it comes to youth, in early 2002 Queen Rania joined the Board of Directors of the International Youth Foundation, based in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States.
The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world’s most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN through advocacy and public outreach.
In September 2003, Queen Rania accepted an invitation to join the Board of Directors of the Foundation for International Community Assistance (FINCA), thus formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy which began in 2000.
An emissary for the United Nations’ International Year of Microcredit in 2005, Queen Rania’s belief in microfinance and her partnership with FINCA has generated more Jordanian micro-businesses, with the official opening of FINCA Jordan in February 2008.
On 30 March 2008, Queen Rania launched her own YouTube channel, initially to invite viewers to give their opinions of the Middle East and talk about stereotypes they may have of Arabs and Muslims.
Between 30 March and 12 August (International Youth Day), Queen Rania posted videos on YouTube in which she asked people to send her their questions about Islam and the Arab world.
Queen Rania also uploads other videos on topics close to her heart, such as her appeal to support UNRWA’s work in Gaza following the Israeli assault in late December 2008/early January 2009.
Queen Rania is also a member of Facebook, with her own fan page aimed at engaging people to discuss cross-cultural dialogue, education, and more recently, the use of social media to create social change.
To coincide with the visit of Pope Benedict XVI to Jordan on Friday, 8 May 2009, Queen Rania started using the micro-blogging website Twitter with the username @QueenRania.
On the occasion of the World Economic Forum held at the Dead Sea in Jordan, June 2009, Queen Rania conducted her first Twitter interview, answering five questions from the general public via her Twitter account.
Her tweets have ranged from the personal, including photos of herself and her family, to more serious topics like the typhoon Ketsana in the Philippines, the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, peace in the Middle East, and promoting Jordan, global education, and initiatives like 1GOAL.
Te Whiti o Rongomai III (c. 1830–18 November 1907) was a Māori spiritual leader and founder of the village of Parihaka, in New Zealand's Taranaki region.
Te Whiti was born in Ngamotu, Taranaki, New Zealand in 1830, the son of Hone Kakahi of the Te Ati Awa tribe and Rangi Kauwau.
He had a bullock killed and fed the survivors, sending a message to New Plymouth and arranged transport in carts to escort the survivors back to New Plymouth.
He wanted his people to regain their land, pride and self-respect after the confiscations in other parts of the North Island.
His aim seems to have been to establish a new way for Māori to resist European attempts to take what was left of Taranaki.
With his close relative, Tohu Kakahi, Te Whiti led the people of Parihaka in their nonviolent resistance to the confiscation of Māori land by the New Zealand Government.
He was the son of Tohukakahi, a minor chief of the Patukai hapu of the Ngati Tawhirikura branch, Te Ati Awa tribe, and of Rangiawau, daughter of Te Whetu.
While the Parihaka prophet turned his back on all acts of violence, he wasn't going to give up land without a fight.
By that time, Parihaka was a stronghold of Taranaki Māori opposition to the loss of tribal lands, which arose from the Land Wars and subsequent Crown legislation.
The government passed the Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863 to punish Māori rebels who had fought against the government mainly in Taranaki and the Waikato.
While Te Whiti and Tohu Kakahi were incarcerated, Māori ploughmen came from all over the country to assist them to re occupy their confiscated land and prevent the building of roads.
Reports of the Māori Ploughman's nonviolent struggle in the British media influenced the thinking of Mohandas K. Gandhi in South Africa.
The species are native to the subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, from the Gulf Coast/South Atlantic states in the Southeastern United States, south through the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America to Colombia and Venezuela.
Members of this genus are typically identified by the leaves which originate from a bare, unarmed petiole in a fan-like structure.
Leaf fossils of Sabal lamanonis have been recovered from rhyodacite tuff of Lower Miocene age in Southern Slovakia near the town of Lučenec.
All of the species within Clade 3 occur in the Greater Antilles and southern Mexico, where species that occur in the Greater Antilles are more closely related to each other than those that occur in southern Mexico.
Although Clade 4 also occurs in Mexico, these species occur on the west coast where they are geographically separated from the Mexican species within the southern part of the country.
Arborescent species are often transplanted from natural stands into urban landscapes and are rarely grown in nurseries due to slow growth.
Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants and because several species are relatively cold-hardy, can be grown farther north than most other palms.
Murti (Sanskrit: मूर्ति, IAST: Mūrti; literally any form, embodiment or solid object) is a general term for an image, statue or idol of a deity or person in Indian culture.
In religious context, they are found in Hindu temples or homes, where they may be treated as a beloved guest and serve as a participant of Puja rituals in Hinduism.
The section includes the concept of Time and non-Time, stating that non-Time as that which existed before creation of universe, and time as which came into existence with the creation of universe.
Most scholars, such as Jan Gonda, Max Muller, PV Kane and Stephanie Jamison, state that there were neither Murti nor temples nor idol-facilitated worship in the Vedic era.
These texts, states Noel Salmond, strongly suggest that temples and Murti were in existence in ancient India by about 4th century BCE.
Recent archaeological evidence confirms that the knowledge and art of sculpture was established in India by the Maurya Empire period (~3rd century BCE).
The term Murti has been a more generic term referring to an idol or statue of anyone, either a deity, of any human being, animal or any art.
Explanation of the metaphysical significance of each stage of manufacture and the prescription of specific mantras to sanctify the process and evoke and invoke the power of the deity in the image are found in the liturgical handbooks the Agamas and Tantras.
However, for some Hindus, it is not the materials used that matter, but the faith and meditation on the universal Absolute Brahman.
More particularly, devotees meditate or worship on the formless God (nirguna Brahman) through Murti symbolism of God (saguna Brahman) during a puja before a Murti, or the meditation on a Tirthankara in the case of Jainism, thus making the material of construction or the specific shape of the Murti not spiritually important.
Christopher John Fuller states that an image in Hinduism cannot be equated with a deity and the object of worship is the divine whose power is inside the image, and the image is not the object of worship itself, Hindus believe everything is worthy of worship as it contains divine energy emanating from the one god.
Murti and temples were well established in South Asia, before the start of Delhi Sultanate in the late 12th century CE.
Religious intolerance and polemics, state Halbertal and Margalit, have historically targeted idols and material symbols cherished by other religions, while encouraging the worship of material symbols of one's own religion, characterizing the material symbols of others as grotesque and wrong, in some cases dehumanizing the others and encouraging the destruction of idols of the others.
Among Hindus, states Gopinath Rao, one who has realized Self (Soul, Atman) and the Universal Principle (Brahman, god) within himself, there is no need for any temple or divine image for worship.
Those who have yet to reach this height of realization, various symbolic manifestations through images, idols and icons as well as mental modes of worship are offered as one of the spiritual paths in the Hindu way of life.
The effective founder of the Visconti lordship of Milan was the archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.
The family of Ariprando Visconti and his son Ottone is believed to have pre-existed in Milan and to have obtained the title of viscount, which then became hereditary throughout the male descent.
In the years following 1075, Ottone Visconti is shown in the proximity of the sovereigns of the Salian dynasty, Henry IV and his son Conrad.
This relationship is confirmed by the circumstances of his death, which occurred in Rome in 1111, when he was slaughtered after an attempt to defend Henry V from an assault.
Another royal diploma, issued by Conrad III in 1142 as well, attests the entitlement of the Visconti to the in Albusciago and Besnate.
On the basis of a document from the year 1157, the Visconti were considered holders of the captaincy of Marliano (today Mariano Comense) since the time of the archbishop Landulf; however, the available documentation cannot infer such conclusion.
The primary role of Ottone in the political life of the Milanese commune emerges in the period of the confrontation with Frederick Barbarossa: his name is the first to be cited, March 1, 1162, in the group of Milanese leaders surrendering to the emperor after the capitulation of the city that took place in the previous weeks.
A member of the following generation, Ariprando was bishop of Vercelli between 1208 and 1213, when he played also the role of Papal legate for Innocent III.
An attempt to have him elected archbishop of Milan failed in 1212 amidst growing tensions between opposite factions inside the city.
The family dispersed into several branches, some of which were entrusted fiefs far off from the Lombard metropolis; the one which gave the Medieval lords of Milan is said to be descended from Uberto, who died in the first half of 13th century.
The members of the other branches added frequently to their surname the name of the place where they chose to live and where a castle was available for their residence.
In these localities the castle (Massino), its remains (Invorio) or a later reconstruction of the initial building (Oleggio Castello) are still today visible.
The Visconti ruled Milan until the early Renaissance, first as Lords, then, from 1395, with the mighty Gian Galeazzo who endeavored to unify Northern Italy and Tuscany, as Dukes.
He was succeeded by a short-lived republic and then by his son-in-law Francesco I Sforza, who established the reign of the House of Sforza.
With the death of Frederick II in 1250 and the ceasing of the war of the Lombard League against him, which itself was a reason for the Milanese commune to be united in its defence, a period of conflicts between rivaling factions began inside the city.
The Della Torre family progressively acquired power in Milan after 1240, when Pagano Della Torre assumed the leadership of the Credenza di Sant'Ambrogio, a political party with a popular base.
This allowed them to have a role in the tax collection of the commune (estimo), which was essential to finance the war against Frederick II while affecting the great landowners.
In this position the Della Torre began to be confronted with the Milanese noble families organized in their own political party, the Societas Capitaneorum et Valvassorum, having the Visconti among the most prominent figures.
After a period of unrest between the opposite parties, in 1258 the so-called Sant'Ambrogio Peace was signed among the parties, strengthening the position of La Credenza and La Motta (a second political party with popular tendencies).
At the end of 1259, Oberto Pallavicino, a former partisan of Frederick II who got closer to the Guelph positions of the Della Torre, was appointed by the Milanese commune for five years in the role of General Captain of the People.
Pallavicino's position in Milan was greatly enhanced by the victory he obtained in the Battle of Cassano on 16 September 1259, against Ezzelino da Romano, formerly his ally on the Ghibelline side in the war against Milan, the Lombard League and the Papacy.
In Ezzelino the noble expelled from Milan during the clashes preceding the Sant'Ambrogio Peace placed their hopes to get back in the city to their old power.
In 1264, when Pallavicino left his office (preparing another change of alliance), Martino Della Torre remained the sole ruler of Milan and de facto its Lord.
A decisive event in the confrontation between the Della Torre and the Visconti factions was the appointment of Ottone Visconti to archbishop of Milan in 1262.
Prevented from assuming his office and forced by the opposite faction to remain outside the city, Ottone tried to settle in Arona, at the border of the Milanese archdiocese.
The Della Torre party under the guidance of Filippo Della Torre, brother of Martino and his successor after 1263, took advantage also of the favour of Charles of Anjou.
Milan forged an alliance with him and with other northern Italian cities (Guelph League) to fight the Hohenstaufen rule in southern Italy.
Francesco Della Torre led the Milanese expedition in southern Italy, which ended in 1266 with the allied victory against Manfred of Sicily in the Battle of Benevento.
Charles of Anjou became the new King of Sicily, having also an indirect rule (exercised through the Della Torre) on Milan.
Trying to take advantage from the favourable moment, in 1266 the Della Torre made an attempt to advocate their cause against the Visconti in a consistory held by Pope Clement IV in Viterbo and attended by the archbishop Ottone.
An attempt was then made by the Pope to appease the Milanese factions by means of an oath of allegiance demanded to the Milanese population.
At the end of 1266 in Germany was taken the decision to support Conradin, the last member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, in an attempt to recover the domains in southern Italy lost after the defeat of Benevento and the death of Manfred of Sicily.
Moreover, in 1268, Clement IV died, initiating a period of papal vacancy that left without practical consequences the dispositions in favour of Ottone.
After the definitive end of the Hohenstaufen threat (Conradin was defeated and executed in Naples in 1268), the confrontation between the two Milanese factions assumed more and more a military connotation.
A leading figure on the Visconti side was Simone Orelli da Locarno, whose military ability became legendary during the wars against Fredrick II.
In 1276 he was freed in the context of a compromise between the two factions about Como and after his promise of not acting against the Della Torre.
The Visconti eventually defeated the Della Torre army in the decisive Battle of Desio on 27 January 1277, opening the way for Ottone to enter in Milan.
In 1287, he transferred this role to his grandnephew Matteo Visconti (the son of Tebaldo executed in 1277), who one year later obtained also the title of Imperial vicar from the emperor Rudolf of Habsburg.
After an intervention of Henry VII, appeasing the dispute between the two families, the lordship of the Visconti on Milan was definitely restored in 1311.
The reconciliation agreement with the Della Torre, reached in the December 1310 on the initiative of Henry VII, was attended by Matteo, his brother Uberto and their cousin Ludovico, also known as Lodrisio.
In the following years Matteo acted alone as Lord of Milan and after him the authority on the city and on a growing territory in northern and central Italy was assumed by seven members of his offspring along four generations.
Matteo ruled for about eleven years, providing to his family the legal basis for the hereditary lordship on Milan and extending the territory under Milanese influence against the traditional opponents of the Visconti: the Della Torre and Anjou dynasties allied with the Papacy.
Looking for a reconciliation, he transferred the power to his eldest son Galeazzo and left Milan for the Augustinian monastery of Crescenzago, where he died in 1322.
After Matteo's death, Galeazzo associated his brothers Marco, Luchino, Stefano, and Giovanni (a cleric) in the controls of the inherited domains.
The deaths of two brothers restricted the future successions to Luchino, Giovanni (since 1342 archbishop of Milan) and the three sons of Stefano.
During Azzone's rule, Lodrisio (the cousin of Matteo who in 1310 attended the reconciliation with the Della Torre) raised against him trying to revert the line of succession in favour of his own family.
He obtained the support of the Della Scala family of Verona, but in 1339, in the Battle of Parabiago, he was defeated by an army led by Azzone and backed by his uncles Luchino and Giovanni.
When Azzone died, in 1339, the young age of his sons motivated the transfer of the power to his uncle Luchino, who ruled until his death in 1349.
Part of his initiatives were the marriages of the sons of Stefano to members of the nearby noble dynasties of northern Italy: in 1340 Matteo II to Egidiola Gonzaga, in 1350 Bernabò to Regina Della Scala and Galeazzo II to Bianca of Savoy.
He took part to the diplomatic initiatives of the Visconti, providing in his letters first-hand accounts of his life in Milan and of Visconti family events.
In the same month the three sons of Stefano agreed to share the power, dividing the Visconti domains according to geographic criteria.
Through the marriages of their sons and daughters, Bernabò and Galeazzo II extended the Visconti relationships to a number of other European noble dynasties.
In 1360 Gian Galeazzo, the eldest son of Galeazzo II, married Isabelle of Valois, daughter of King John II of France.
The marriage was the result of negotiation participated also by Petrarch with a journey to Paris and leading the Visconti to contribute with 600,000 francs to the ransom paid by France to England to obtain the freedom of the King in an episode of the Hundred Years' War.
Violante, the eldest daughter of Galeazzo II, married in 1368 Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, third son of King Edward III of England.
Nine daughters (Taddea, Viridis, Valentina, Agnese, Antonia, Maddalena, Anglesia, Lucia, Elisabetta) married scions of other European dynasties, connecting the Visconti to the houses of Wittelsbach (Taddea, Maddalena, Elisabetta), Habsburg (Viridis), Poitiers-Lusignan (Valentina, Anglesia), Württemberg (Antonia), Gonzaga (Agnese), Kent (Lucia).
Caterina, another daughter of Bernabò, married in 1380 her cousin Gian Galeazzo, widow of Isabelle of Valois, who died in 1373 in Pavia while giving birth to her fourth child.
When Galeazzo II died in 1378, his son Gian Galeazzo was the only heir of his half of the Visconti territories.
The two Visconti had different personalities and ruling styles: instinctive, bad tempered and establisher of a terror regime Bernabò; circumspect and relatively mild to his subjects Gian Galeazzo.
Few months after the death of his wife and counselor, Bernabò was deposed by his nephew in a coup, probably prepared for years and kept secret.
On 5 May 1385, accompanied by his generals (Jacopo dal Verme, Antonio Porro and Guglielmo Bevilacqua) and with a heavy armed escort, Gian Galeazzo moved from Pavia for an apparent pilgrimage journey to Santa Maria del Monte di Velate near Varese.
The people living in the domains of Bernabò, firstly the Milanese, promptly submitted to Gian Galeazzo, an attitude widely attributed to their desire to abandon the ruthless regime under which they had been living.
The sons of Bernabò arrested with him (Ludovico and Rodolfo) spent the rest of their life in jail; the two still free (Carlo and Mastino) lived far from Milan and never posed a threat to Gian Galeazzo.
Only the Della Scala in Verona, the family of their mother, continued to support them, but they ended their life in exile, in Bavaria and in Venice, after having reached some agreement with their cousin.
The younger and unmarried daughters of Bernabò (Anglesia, Lucia, Elisabetta) continued their life in Pavia under the care of their sister Caterina, the second wife of Gian Galeazzo, until their wedding.
The relationship between Gian Galeazzo and the French royal family, interrupted by the death of his first wife Isabelle, was revived by their daughter Valentina, who married in 1389 Louis I, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI, King of France.
In 1395 Gian Galeazzo obtained from the Emperor Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, for the price of 100,000 florins, the title of Duke of Milan.
The difficulties posed to the Visconti court by the unexpected death of Gian Galeazzo is revealed by the secrecy under which the news of his end was kept.
A Council of Regency with a leading role of Facino Cane, one of the generals of Gian Galeazzo, was set up, but contrasts soon emerged inside it.
The policy of Facino Cane, who for himself obtained the title of Count of Biandrate, favoured the local powers and led to the fragmentation of the territorial unity.
In the same year, his brother Filippo Maria married the widow of Facino Cane, the 42-year-old Beatrice of Tenda, taking advantage of a testamentary disposition in favour of any Visconti that would have married her.
The marriage ended with the accusation of adultery to Beatrice, her incarceration and the sentence to death, carried out in the Binasco castle in 1418.
After the death of Filippo Maria in 1447 and the short-lived Ambrosian Republic, in 1450 Francesco Sforza became the new Duke of Milan.
When Louis XII of France entered Milan in 1499 after the First Italian War, he leveraged on a clause of the marriage contract of his grandmother Valentina, the daughter of Gian Galeazzo, and assumed the title of Duke of Milan.
After France was defeated by an Imperial-Spanish army in the Battle of Pavia in 1525, the rule on Milan was assumed again by a Sforza, Francesco II.
His death and a new war led the Duchy of Milan in the hands of Philip II of Spain, bringing to an end the line of succession initiated by Ottone and Matteo Visconti.
Under the rule of the Visconti, the government of the city of Milan underwent profound transformations while its territorial hegemony greatly extended, to suffer a crisis after the death of Gian Galeazzo.
The lordship of Ottone and Matteo brought to an end the confrontation between noble and popular parties, which had assumed growing violent forms in Milan during the 13th century.
The new power of the Visconti relied initially on the combined roles of Archbishop (Ottone) and Captain of the People, along with the authority deriving from the title of Imperial Vicar (Matteo).
After Matteo, the rule in the city assumed hereditary nature inside his family, making unnecessary any formal recognition by the communal institutions.
The political change in Milan was part of the general decline of the Commune and the subsequent rise of the Signoria that affected northern and central Italy along the 13th and 14th centuries.
The annexation of the properties of the Milanese church, which included fortifications like the Angera and Arona castles guarding the Lake Maggiore, was the first step taken by Matteo Visconti to consolidate his power in the territory of the Milanese diocese.
The expansion of the Visconti rule outside the Milanese diocese took advantage of the traditional importance of Milan in northern Italy, reinforced by the leading role played in the Lombard League during the wars against the Hohenstaufen emperors.
After the destructions inflicted by Frederick Barbarossa in 1162, in few years the Milanese reconstructed their city and defeated the emperor at Legnano in 1176, forcing him to the Peace of Constance, which granted autonomy also to the cities allied to Milan.
On the basis of this favorable position, after the death of Henry VII in 1313, Matteo and his son Galeazzo managed to become lords of other cities in northern Italy: Bergamo, Tortona, Alessandria, Vercelli, Piacenza.
During this first expansion phase, the Visconti continued to face the opposition of the Guelph League: the Papacy, the Anjou house (sovereigns in southern Italy) and the Della Torre family.
After a crisis suffered during the years of Galeazzo I, the expansion continued under the lordship of Azzone with the military support of his uncle Luchino.
In 1339 Azzone and Luchino defeated in the battle of Parabiago an army formed by their cousin Lodrisio Visconti and the Della Scala family, lords of Verona.
In 1346 Luchino took Parma and in 1347 he extended the western border of the Visconti dominions along a stretch of land until Mondovì and Cuneo, at the foot of the Western Alps.
Through the marriages of his nephews (Matteo II, Bernabò and Galeazzo II), he linked dynastically the Visconti to the families ruling the territories to the west and east of the Visconti dominions: the Gonzaga, the Della Scala and the Savoy.
In 1352, negotiation with the papal envoy, the abbot Guillaume de Grimoard (later Pope Urban V), led to an agreement that allowed Giovanni to continue to rule on Bologna as papal vicar.
The death of the archbishop Giovanni in 1354 and the transfer of power to Bernabò and Galeazzo II were followed by a reaction in Genoa and Bologna.
In Bologna, the rebellion of Giovanni Visconti di Oleggio, a former protégée of the Archbishop Giovanni and his lieutenant in the city, opened the way to the intervention of the Cardinal Albornoz, who in 1360 brought back the city within the Papal States.
After his defeat in the Battle of San Ruffillo in 1361, Bernabò finally came to term with the loss of Bologna.
After the marquess of Monferrato was appointed imperial vicar in Pavia by Charles IV, the relationship between the emperor and the Visconti deteriorated.
In November 1356, in the Battle of Casorate, Visconti forces under the command of Lodrisio Visconti (now reconciled with his cousins) defeated an imperial army and captured its commander, Marquard of Randeck.
His decision to erect a vast castle in Pavia and to establish there his court was a sign of the ambition of the Visconti to extend their dominions to the area of the ancient Lombard Kingdom.
They subsequently suffered military incursions from the eastern border (by the count of Savoy) and from Bologna (by Papal-Florentine forces), which ended without significant impacts.
A peace with the pope and a reconciliation with the count of Savoy followed, while Florence turned against the pope in a new war.
The marriages of their daughters and sons connected the Visconti to the elite of the European aristocracy: the French and English royal houses and a number of German noble families.
The absence of internal conflicts that followed the arrest of Bernabò in 1385 and the ineffectiveness of the policies of both Empire and Papacy against the Visconti reinvigorated their expansion policy.
A military campaign between 1386 and 1388 ended with the conquest of the Della Scala and Da Carrara territories of Verona and Padua.
Between 1390 and 1398 the attacks of Gian Galeazzo encountered the opposition of the local powers of northern and central Italy; wars against Florence and Mantua were ineffective and even led to the loss of Padua.
In July 1402, after the victory in the Battle of Casalecchio against a Bolognese-Florentine army, he assumed the rule of Bologna.
Gian Galeazzo accompanied the territorial expansion with reforms of the administration (creation of the Consiglio Segreto and the Consiglio di Giustizia), revenues (Maestri delle Entrate) and criminal justice (Capitano di Giustizia).
The promotion to the rank of Duke converted Milan and is territory (between Ticino and the Adda rivers) into a duchy.
The deep crisis that resulted after the death of Gian Galeazzo is attributed to the lack of time required to secure the power on the rapidly grown dominions.
The territorial unity of the Visconti state was heavily affected and the Council of Regency, created to overcome the young age of Gian Galeazzo's sons, could not stem the dividing forces that resurfaced, causing the collapse of the system of government built by him.
Filippo Maria restored the basis of the Visconti state and the marriage of his daughter Bianca Maria to Francesco Sforza paved the way to a renewed strong government.
In the course of the 15th century, however, the territory under Milanese control narrowed to the Duchy of Milan and later never regained the extension reached under the Visconti rule.
In the 16th century, the absolute power established by the Visconti was finally abandoned by Francesco II, the last Sforza duke.
The Maranghi-Castellini families are still active in finance within Italy and the rest of Europe, having ran and owned several Italian banks throughout history.
The Counts of Baldissera can be traced back to the early 16th century, originating from the town of Bra in Piedmont.
The Baldissera have extensive ties to the Royal Italian Army and The Imperial Austrian Army; they distinguished themselves in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the First World War.
Arguably the most distinguished member of the Baldissera family in recent times was Antonio Baldissera, a highly decorated General in the Royal Italian Army.
Baldissera was the Governor of The Italian Colony of Eritrea and was crucial in the Italian War of Independence as well as the Italo-Ethiopian war.
Italian architect Piero Portaluppi was also a member of the family, Portaluppi restored the Duomo di Milano and the Basilica di Sant Ambrogio; he also designed the Museo Del Novecento as well as and many other palazzos around Italy.
The family is also known for having owned many of the electric plants and companies which give power to the majority of northern Italy.
It is the easternmost island in the Aleutians and, with an area of , the ninth largest island in the United States and the 134th largest island in the world.
According to the United States Census Bureau, there were 64 people living on Unimak as of the 2000 census, all of them in the city of False Pass at the eastern end of the island.
When the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act was passed on 2 December 1980, of the island was designated as wilderness.
As a faunal extension of the Alaska Peninsula, Unimak has a relatively diverse assemblage of terrestrial mammals, including Alaskan brown bears and caribou.
Although Londo began as a supporting player in the early episodes, his actions and character development as the series progressed had immeasurable effect on how the show progressed, making him one of the more significant characters in the entire series.
However, later in the series he is shown to be an embittered patriot of a dying empire, eager to restore its primacy.
In doing so, he becomes largely an unwitting pawn of the Shadows, and the intrigues that he engages in are central to the show's plot.
He is a mercurial personality given to extreme manifestations of anger, sadness, or joviality, depending on the power of the catalyst provoking them.
While he is an avid hedonist who is fond of drink and leisure, he is also a devout Centauri patriot and would gladly give his life without hesitation to protect the Republic.
A staunch traditionalist, Londo has a profound sense of pride which is very heavily tied to the heritage of the Centauri imperial history, when the republic was a vast empire with tremendous influence across the known galaxy; Londo himself was once a military officer with several heroic accomplishments, which he relishes and often reminisces on when intoxicated.
But the decline of the expansionist tradition has weakened the prestige of the Centauri Republic in the eyes of the galactic community, particularly the emancipation of the Narn homeworld from Centauri colonial rule.
These developments have wounded Londo's pride in his people and himself, and he is extremely bitter about his people's loss of face.
He resents the Narn for their eventual success in establishing themselves as a viable independent power and for what he feels is their part in the increasingly unimportant and humiliating political positions he has held in the latter years of his life, most of which were diplomatic titles with little significance in the royal court.
Londo's greatest desire is to see the restoration of the Centauri Republic to the glory and influence it held in older times, and it is this desperate longing that proves the undoing of himself and his people.
His bigotry towards other races, particularly the Narns, is largely based on habituation and national identity rather than actual hatred; he is, in fact, rather fond of humans given the similarities in behavior between them and his own people, and speaks in obvious admiration of the human military's tenacity during the Earth-Minbari war.
Londo is very appreciative of his friends and reluctantly tolerant of insincerity; he often chooses the friendship of people with temperaments similar to his own, but with personalities suited towards brutal honesty (Michael Garibaldi), or sincere naivety (Lennier, Vir Cotto).
Of the three wives he possesses, the only one he does not divorce is his abrasive wife Timov (who absolutely despises him and shows him not the slightest shred of respect) because her scathing honesty is preferable to the feigned friendliness and scheming of the other two.
His greatest love, other than his people, is the romantic company of Lady Adira, a former slave and dancer whose benign and sincere nature pierced all the practiced cynicism he has built over the course of his life.
One of Londo's few real friends is Urza Jaddo, whom Londo must kill in a duel because of the intrigues of Lord Refa.
Initially, the two had a comically adversarial relationship: Vir was guileless, naive and extremely honest and empathetic, making him completely inept at Centauri political process, which irked Londo no end.
Londo thoroughly enjoyed tormenting him with outrageous demands and workloads in an attempt to train him to be a more efficient Centauri, but over the course of The Shadow War, the Earth Civil War, and the rebuilding of Centauri, the two became almost inseparable.
Though Londo never truly abandons his playful condescension towards Vir for his beneficence and even disagrees with his empathy at times, Londo admires and envies Vir's innocence and respects his opinion and assistance throughout his career.
The Centauri culture in the series is patterned on the conventions of early imperial Rome (which still fancied itself a Republic despite having an Emperor at its head) and portrayed with a nod to the visualizations of the empire depicted in the Dune motion picture (with futuristic versions of 18th-century uniform and clothes as the choice for Centauri attire).
The Centauri state is depicted in decline: it falls prey to decadence and internal politics even while it hungers to return to its days of glory.
His drunken temper tantrums and posturing upon the glories of the ‘Great Centauri Past‘ make him appear to be a buffoon.
However, he climbs Centauri Prime's political ladder through manipulating his people's hatred of the Narn Regime (former slaves of the Centauri, who fought for and won their independence).
Towards the end of the series, Londo and G'Kar put their differences aside and for the most part, become friends, of sorts.
His cynical political ambition – and his sincere craving to restore the pre-eminence of Centauri Prime – make him into the perfect target for the dark and mysterious Morden, who is secretly representing the Shadows as they work to rebuild their strength.
Through the course of the series, Morden and his ‘Allies’ repeatedly give Londo exactly what he asks for, which proves to be far from what Londo actually wants.
As Narn fleets continue to be wiped out without any survivors to explain how, Londo takes credit and attracts a great deal of much-desired attention and power, never questioning the consequences of his alliance with the Shadows until it is far too late.
Londo, driven by his own pride as well as his fear that Morden may leave and turn elsewhere for help, gives in each time.
Despite his conscience bothering him about the nature of these requests, he finds himself unable to sever his connection with Morden.
As the events of the Shadow War come to a peak, Mollari is promoted to the position of advisor on planetary security, which requires him to return to his home world.
Mollari is angered by the promotion, understanding that it is not a reward for his service but a leash to keep him and his newfound power under control.
Upon his return to Centauri Prime, Mollari discovers that the young Emperor Cartagia, whose ascent to the throne he personally endorsed, is insane and has allowed the Shadows to establish a base on Centauri Prime.
Mollari realized that in order to deal with the Shadows and save his world from the Vorlons, Cartagia must be killed.
Mollari begins a conspiracy to have Cartagia assassinated, with the help of Vir Cotto, a number of high-ranking Centauri, and G'Kar, who is Cartagia's prisoner at the time.
There, G'Kar will be able to create a security threat by escaping, and in the confusion Londo will kill Cartagia by injecting him with a poison that will cause both of his hearts to shut down.
With Cartagia dead and a Vorlon fleet en route to destroy Centauri Prime, Mollari is promoted to the position of Prime Minister, making him temporarily head of state until a new Emperor can be elected.
With his new power, Mollari proceeds to blow up the Shadow base on Centauri Prime, and then execute their agent, Morden – who, he discovers, had Adira killed.
He believes that this would redeem Centauri Prime from being destroyed by the Vorlons; however, Vir realizes that Londo himself has been influenced and used by the Shadows, and so the Vorlons would want him destroyed too.
As the Vorlon fleet comes into orbit around Centauri Prime, blotting out the sun, it becomes clear that the Vorlons would destroy the whole planet just to get Mollari.
Londo implores Vir to kill him and show the Vorlons he had done it, but is saved by the fact that at the same time, in another part of the galaxy, a fleet led by Sheridan is battling the Shadows and Vorlons at Corianna 6 (Sheridan's fleet's final battle, as it turns out), and the Vorlons call in all their remaining ships to help.
But in saving Centauri Prime, Londo has unknowingly doomed his world to a different fate that will be almost as terrible.
Following the galactic war with the Shadows, Mollari eventually rises to become Emperor of the Centauri Republic, taking the title Emperor Mollari II (since another member of his family was Emperor in the past).
One of his first acts as the new Emperor is to name Vir Cotto as his replacement on Babylon 5— a job not highly prized because of the earlier Centauri conquest of Narn— though Londo knows that Vir will fulfill the job dutifully, even if some of the other ambassadors distrust him.
At the end of the fifth season, it is revealed that the Drakh had manipulated the Interstellar Alliance into attacking the Centauri Homeworld and decided they needed Londo to be Emperor.
When the Drakh kidnap David Sheridan, the son of John and Delenn, the couple come to Centauri Prime to free him.
Mollari tries to force the Drakh to leave; they respond by exploding fusion bombs they had planted on the surface of the planet.
Mollari is told to execute Sheridan and is able to convince his Keeper that he will soon kill both Sheridan and Delenn.
He then ingests enough alcohol to put the Keeper to sleep and frees Sheridan, Delenn, and their son in exchange for their help in freeing the Centauri from the Drakh.
Mollari knows that his Keeper will soon wake up and alert the other Drakh that he had set his friends free, and that the Drakh will kill them, and then kill him for his betrayal.
He manages to escape from the Centauri homeworld (avoiding the inevitable Drakh attempt to place a Keeper on him), and goes to Minbar.
In a conference with the surviving members of the Centauri houses, Cotto is named the next Emperor, fulfilling Lady Morella's prophecy that both Londo and Vir would be Emperor, but one would be Emperor only after the other's death.
The Seimas constitutes the legislative branch of government in Lithuania, enacting laws and amendments to the Constitution, passing the budget, confirming the Prime Minister and the Government and controlling their activities.
Its 141 members are elected for a four-year term, with 71 elected in individual constituencies, and 70 elected in a nationwide vote based on open list proportional representation.
A party must receive at least 5%, and a multi-party union at least 7%, of the national vote to qualify for the proportional representation seats.
Following the elections in 2016, the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union is the largest party in the Seimas, forming a ruling coalition with the Social Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, the Electoral Action of Poles.
The Seimas traces its origins to the Seimas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as the Seimas of inter-war Lithuania.
Constitutional laws are adopted by the Seimas in a majority vote and can be changed only by a 3/5 majority vote.
Changes to the Constitution itself need to be approved in two votes separated by no less than three months, by a 2/3 majority.
The Seimas must also give its assent to the newly formed Government and its programme before the Government can start their work.
If the Seimas expresses no-confidence in the Prime Minister or the Government as a whole, the Government must resign and can ask the president to call an early election.
The Seimas appoints and dismisses justices and presidents of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals, proposed by the President.
In its legislative capacity, the Seimas also sets the basis for a judiciary institution advising and, to some extent, binding the President in appointing, promoting or dismissing other judges.
The Seimas also establishes and disestablishes ministries of the Government, establishes state awards, can declare martial law and emergencies, start mobilization and introduce direct local rule on municipalities.
The Seimas has 141 members, elected to a four-year term in parallel voting, with 71 members elected in single-seat constituencies and 70 members elected by proportional representation.
Ordinary elections to the Seimas take place on the second Sunday of October, with the voting open for all citizens of Lithuania who are at least 18 years old.
Members of Parliament in the 71 single-seat constituencies are elected in a majority vote, with a run-off held within 15 days, if necessary.
Parties normally need to receive at least 5% (7% for multi-party electoral lists) of the votes to be eligible for a seat.
Candidates take the seats allocated to their parties based on the preference lists submitted before the election and adjusted by preference votes given by the voters.
Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania won the absolute majority of seats in the first election in 1992, the only time it has been achieved in independent Lithuania as of 2015.
The party suffered electoral setback in 1996, but remained a major electoral force in the election of 2000 (in cooperation with Social Democratic Party of Lithuania), allowing it to form the government in 2001.
The two parties merged under the banner of Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and formed the government after the elections of 2004 and 2012, and participated in the government as a junior partner after the elections of 2016.
Its right wing formed the Homeland Union, a conservative party which won the election in 1996, gaining 70 seats and governing with the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party.
The two parties merged in 2008 under the banner of Homeland Union, winning the election in the same year with 45 seats.
Under the legislative procedure, the Speaker submits the laws adopted by the Seimas to the President and may sign and proclaim the laws that are not signed or returned by the President in due time.
The Speaker of the Seimas may temporarily act as the President or deputise for President in cases where the President is abroad or is incapable to exercise the duties of the office.
The Speaker of the Seimas and the Deputy Speakers are responsible to the Seimas for their activities, answering questions submitted by the members of the parliament.
The operations of the Seimas are primarily governed by the Constitution of Lithuania and the Statute of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania.
Citizens of Lithuania can also propose laws and proposals backed by at least 50 000 voters must be considered by the Seimas.
All draft laws and proposals submitted to the Seimas, and any changes or supplements to previously submitted proposals must be registered with the Secretariat of the Seimas Sittings.
The legal department of the Seimas then reviews the draft law, issuing a conclusion on whether or not the draft is in compliance with existing laws and the technical rules of law-making.
The draft laws are presented to the Seimas, which can vote to commence the procedure of consideration of the draft, postpone it or reject the draft.
If the Seimas decides to commence the procedure of consideration, it appoints the principal and additional Committees to consider the draft law.
The Seimas Committees perform thorough analysis of the draft law, present it to interested state institutions and organizations, consult specialists in different fields and hear opinions on the draft.
The reports of the principal Committee and any other Committees are heard by the Seimas and a general discussion is held.
A vote is taken on the amendments to the draft law, which can be proposed and presented by any person with the right of legislative initiative.
Finally, the Seimas votes on whether to approve the draft law confirmed by the Committee together with amendments adopted at a sitting of the Seimas.
Seimas can, but is not obliged to, take proposals by the President into account and can approve the laws returned by the President in a simple majority vote.
If the President does not sign the law returned after additional consideration or neither signs nor returns the law after the initial submission, the Speaker of the Seimas can sign the law.
The Seimas meets annually in two regular sessions: a spring session (10 March – 30 June) and an autumn session (10 September – 23 December).
Extraordinary sessions can be called by the Speaker of the Seimas upon the proposal of at least one third of all members of the Seimas, or, in some cases, by the President.
When the Seimas is in session, there are four plenary sittings of the Seimas per week: two on Tuesday and two on Thursday, which are presided by the Speaker of the Seimas or the Deputy Speaker.
The programmes for the sessions of the Seimas and the draft agendas of sittings are drafted and approved by the Assembly of the Elders, which is made up of the members of the Board of the Seimas and representatives of the parliamentary groups.
The board of the Seimas consists of the Speaker of the Seimas, the Deputy Speakers, and the leader of the opposition.
The committees are formed during the first session of the newly elected Seimas and can have between 7 and 17 members (with the exception of the Committee on European Affairs, which has at least 15 members).
The main building (I Seimas Palace) was designed by architects Algimantas Nasvytis and his brother Vytautas Nasvytis as the Palace of the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR.
On March 11, 1990, the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania was proclaimed in the main hall of the building.
The hall, now referred to as the Hall of the Act of 11 March, housed the sessions of the Seimas until 2007 and is now used for special occasions.
The two other buildings were built around the same time and were connected to the main building after the independence, as the demand for working space increased.
The III Seimas Palace was originally occupied by the Council of the Center of Labour Unions and is now used by the Committees of the Seimas, also housing the restaurant and other administrative functions.
However, it is considered that the first Seimas met in Hrodna in 1445 during talks between Casimir IV Jagiellon and the Council of Lords.
As the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars raged, the Grand Duke needed more tax revenues to finance the army and had to call the Seimas more frequently.
At this time, there were no rules regulating how frequently the Seimas would assemble, who could participate, how the sessions should take place or what functions the Seimas had.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Seimas acquired some legislative powers and could petition the Grand Duke to pass certain laws, which the Duke usually granted in exchange for nobility's support and cooperation in taxation and war matters.
In the Second Statute of Lithuania, the Seimas acquired full legislative powers, acting as the lower house of the parliament, with the Lithuanian Council of Lords as the upper house.
It was at this point that elections to the Seimas were introduced (local nobles would elect their delegates) – any noble could participate in the Seimas before.
The Union created a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and joined the Seimas of Lithuania with the Sejm of Poland into a single Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
They debated matters concerning the Grand Duchy of Lithuania or tried to establish a common position among Lithuanian delegates before departing for the Sejm of the Commonwealth.
The Sejm of the Commonwealth, General Sejm, was the parliament of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the Union of Lublin until the late 18th century.
The sejm was a powerful political institution, and from early 16th century, the Polish king (who was the Grand Duke of Lithuania) could not pass laws without the approval of that body.
Duration and frequencies of the sejms changed over time, with the six-week sejm session convened every two years being most common.
The number of sejm deputies and senators grew over time, from about 70 senators and 50 deputies in the 15th century to about 150 senators and 200 deputies in the 18th century.
Early sejms have seen mostly majority voting, but beginning in the 17th century, unanimous voting became more common, and 32 sejms were vetoed with the infamous liberum veto, particularly in the first half of the 18th century.
In addition, beginning in 1573, three special types of sejms handled the process of the royal election in the interregnum period.
The Great Seimas of Vilnius was a major assembly held on December 4 and 5, 1905 in Vilnius, Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire, largely inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1905.
It is considered an important step towards the Act of Independence of Lithuania, adopted on February 16, 1918 by the Council of Lithuania, as the Seimas laid the groundwork for the establishment of an independent Lithuanian state.
The first widely elected body in Lithuania after the declaration of independence on February 16, 1918, was the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania.
The primary role of the Constituent Assembly was to adopt the Constitution of Lithuania, which was accomplished on August 1, 1922.
The Seimas continued the land reform, expanded the network of primary and secondary schools and introduced a system of social support.
The Third Seimas of Lithuania was elected on May 8–10, 1926, with the Christian Democrats in opposition for the first time.
The Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union and Social Democrats formed a coalition government which lifted martial law, restored democratic freedoms, and declared broad amnesty to political prisoners.
The Seimas was interrupted by 1926 Lithuanian coup d'état in December, when the democratically elected government was replaced with the authoritarian rule of Antanas Smetona.
Elections took place under the constitution of 1928, which had been proclaimed by president Smetona without the assent of the Seimas.
With opposition parties effectively barred from participating, Lithuanian Nationalists Union got 42 (of 49) seats, with the remaining seven seats taken by the Young Lithuania, a youth branch of the Nationalists Union.
After the Soviet ultimatum in June 1940 and subsequent occupation, the Fourth Seimas was dismissed and a puppet People's Seimas was elected in a heavily rigged elections, in order to give legal sanction to the occupation and annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union.
The new parliament proclaimed the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, petitioned for admission to the Soviet Union (a petition that was accepted on August 3, 1940), adopted a new constitution and renamed itself to the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, a rubber stamp (politics) legislature.
On March 11, 1990, the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian SSR proclaimed the independence of Lithuania from the Soviet Union, renaming itself the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania (also called Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas, and regarded as the Fifth Seimas).
The council adopted the Provisional Basic Law that served as a temporary constitution and worked on the Constitution of Lithuania that was submitted and approved by voters in a referendum on October 25, 1992.
The election was won by the (ex-communist) Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania, which gained 73 of the 141 seats in the Sixth Seimas.
Algirdas Brazauskas was elected the first speaker of the Seimas on November 25, 1992, becoming the acting President on the same day.
The election was won by the Homeland Union – Lithuanian Conservative Party, which gained 70 seats and formed a coalition with the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party (16 seats).
Later part of the term of the Seimas was again characterized by an economic crisis, brought about by Russian financial crisis of 1998.
Liberal Union of Lithuania won the most seats of any party in the election, with 33, forming the government with New Union (Social Liberals) (its leader, Artūras Paulauskas becoming the Speaker of the Seimas), Lithuanian Centre Union and the Modern Christian Democrats.
Speaker of the Seimas Artūras Paulauskas also served for two months in 2004 as the Acting President of Lithuania after the impeachement of Rolandas Paksas and before the new election took place.
The Social Democrats remained at the helm of the government after the 2004 parliamentary election, which was held on October 10, with the run-off on October 24.
The party was the third-largest in the Ninth Seimas after the election with 20 seats, behind Labour Party with 39 and Homeland Union (Lithuanian Conservatives) with 25, but managed to govern together with New Union (Social Liberals) (11 seats), the Labour Party and the support of other parties.
In 2006, the Labour Party left the coalition when its leader was removed from the post of Minister of Economy and the Social Democrats formed a coalition with the Civil Democracy Party, the Peasants and People's Party, and the Liberal and Centre Union, although the coalition had to rule in a minority and relied on support of opposition parties.
Homeland Union became the largest party with 45 seats, forming a coalition with populist and short-lived National Resurrection Party (16 seats), Liberal Movement (11 seats) and Liberal and Centre Union (8 seats).
Ten months later, on September 17, 2009, he was replaced by Irena Degutienė of the Homeland Union, who became the first female Speaker of the Seimas.
The Seimas and the Government responded with a wide-ranging and much-criticized tax reform and severe austerity, bringing about wide dissatisfaction and protests.
The Social Democrats became the largest party in the Eleventh Seimas, with 38 seats, forming a government coalition with Labour Party (19 seats), Order and Justice (11 seats) and Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania (8 seats).
Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, a minor party in the preceding parliament, won a sweeping victory, securing 54 seats in the Twelfth Seimas (eventually rising to 59 as they were joined by several independents).
The Social Democrats lost a lot of their support and finished with 17 seats (they were joined in the Seimas by the two members of Labour Party), but remained as a junior partner in the ruling coalition with Peasants and Greens Union.
By 2019, coalition included two other parties (Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania and Order and Justice), but latter had been expelled in the same year.
It is bisected by a palm tree lined boulevard, Athinas Avenue, which arrives from Athens city centre as Vouliagmenis Avenue, then runs parallel to the seashore and continues southwards.
The area east of the main road is the rocky slope of a foothill of Mount Hymettus, and the bulk of the town is built there, along with the local elementary school, post office, banks and town hall.
The Megalo Kavouri is land largely owned by the Church of Greece, which maintains an enclosed, protected pine forest and an orphanage.
Grigoris Konstantellos is the incumbent mayor, elected for a second term at May 26, 2019, for the unified municipality of Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni.
According to legend, when Leto was about to give birth to Apollo and Artemis, she fled writhing in pain to Delos.
Other remnants of early human habitation found in Vouliagmeni include Neolithic and Bronze Age building foundations, and a 5th-century BC outpost.
The club admits members and their guests and operates a marina, a waterskiing school, junior and Olympic competition sailing boats and facilities, an open-air, heated swimming pool, two rocky beaches, members' indoor and outdoor lounges, a gym, and a restaurant.
The women's and men's water polo teams are considered a traditional force in European water polo and have won many Greek and several European Championships and Cups.
The club often hosts LEN Euroleague and LEN Cup tournaments, its star players consistently being capped for the Greece men's national water polo team and Greece women's national water polo team.
The club crest depicts a blue anchor set inside a white lifebuoy with eight crimson stripes; blue, white and crimson being the club colors.
The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania () defines the legal foundation for all laws passed in the Republic of Lithuania.
The first attempt to codify the laws of Grand Duchy of Lithuania took the form of Statutes of Lithuania, with the First Statute in power in 1529.
The document, written in Ruthenian language, fulfilled the role of the supreme law of the land, even including provisions that no other law could contradict it.
In the 18th century the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a federal entity consisting of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, faced a period of decline due to increasingly dysfunctional internal politics.
In a belated attempt to rectify the situation, a constitution was adopted on May 3, 1791 – one of the oldest codified national constitutions in the world.
Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations of 22 October 1791 accompanied the constitution, affirming the unity and indivisibility of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within a single state and their equal representation in state-governing bodies.
The 1791 document remained in force for less than 19 months; after a brief war with Russia, it was annulled by the Grodno Sejm on 23 November 1793.
By 1795, the Commonwealth was partitioned between Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria, with most of the lands of the Grand Duchy under the Russian rule.
At the time, it was still constrained by the decision of 11 July 1918, declaring Lithuania a constitutional monarchy, with close ties to Germany.
In a changing environment, the council chose to adopt the constitutional act without specifying the form of government or the head of state, leaving the decisions to the Constituent Assembly (Steigiamasis Seimas).
The modifications were mainly notable for the introduction of the office of the President, in place of the Presidium of the Council.
Once assembled, the Constituent Assembly adopted another temporary constitutional act on 10 June 1920, confirming Lithuania as a parliamentary republic and providing the framework and limits to its own powers.
A democratic constitution, it resembled contemporary Western European constitutions, enshrining the main rights and freedom of the people, political freedoms, political pluralism and a mechanism for democratic elections.
A coup on December 17, 1926 started the process of transforming the Republic of Lithuania into an authoritarian state headed by Antanas Smetona as the President.
The constitution of 1922 was disregarded as early as 12 April 1927, when the President dissolved the Seimas without announcing a new election.
A new constitution was proclaimed by Smetona in May 1928 without any attempt to follow the procedure for changing the Constitution established in the 1922 document (which would have required the assent of the Seimas).
The constitution maintained a parliament, but assigned all of its functions, such as enacting laws, ratifying treaties, as well as drafting and executing the budget, to the President when the parliament was not in session.
Instead, the government started working on a new constitution, approved by the newly assembled Seimas in 1938 (opposition was not allowed to stand for election).
The constitution reversed the liberal ideas of the constitution of 1922, introducing the notion that the state was the foundation of existence of its citizens and not the other way round.
Ironically, the constitution of 1938 assisted the Soviets in legitimizing their actions by concentrating the power in the hands of the President, the post that was de facto taken over by Justas Paleckis.
In 1940 and 1978, new constitutions of Lithuanian SSR were adopted, based on the Soviet constitutions of 1936 and 1977, respectively.
The constitution of 1938 has the distinction of being revived on 11 March 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
It served a purpose of establishing legal continuity between the Republic of Lithuania of the interwar period and the newly independent state.
The constitution was suspended on the same day and replaced with the Provisional Basic Law while a new constitution was drafted.
The government functions were performed by the presidium of the Supreme Council and the chairman of the presidium became the chairman of the parliament and the Head of State.
The Basic Law did not reflect the changing economic and social relations and the evolving demands of the society and the state.
Seventy-five per cent of those voting (57% of all eligible voters) voted in favor of adopting the document, with a turnout of 75.3%.
The Constitution of 1992 reflects the combined influence of the institutions and experiences of western democracies, Lithuanian tradition and the system of social guarantees inherited from the Soviet Union.
The power to govern is divided between the legislative and executive branches, with an independent judiciary acting as interpreter of the constitution and of the branches' jurisdictions, as well as arbiter of conflicts between them.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, which decides on the constitutionality of acts of the Seimas, the President, and the Government, is considered separate from the judiciary.
The Seimas consists of 141 members, seventy elected from party lists on the basis of proportional representation and seventy-one from single-member districts.
To be seated in the Seimas on the basis of proportional representation, a party must receive at least 5 per cent of the votes cast.
Members of the Seimas may serve as prime ministers or Cabinet members, but they may not hold any other position in either central or local government or in private enterprises or organizations.
The parliament must approve the prime minister and the cabinet, composed by the ministers — and also the prime minister, as well as their government programme.
It also may force the government's resignation by rejecting twice in sequence its programme or by voting, in a secret ballot, to express its lack of confidence in the government.
The powers of the legislature are checked by a number of devices: first, by certain constitutional limitations; second, by the president as defined under the constitution; and third, by the Constitutional Court.
Articles 64, 131, and 132 of the constitution circumscribe the ability of the Seimas to control the Government, especially the budget.
The budget submitted by the Government can be increased by the legislature only if the latter indicates the sources of financing for additional expenditures.
If the budget is not approved before the start of the budget year, proposed expenditures cannot be higher than those of the previous year.
Similarly, the initiative for making laws is not limited to the legislature but also belongs to the citizens, who can force the legislature to consider a law by submitting a petition with 50,000 signatures.
The powers of the legislature are further checked by those of the President, who may veto legislation, both ordinary and constitutional, passed by the legislature.
The President can also dissolve the Parliament if it refuses to approve the government's budget within sixty days or if it directly votes no confidence in the government.
The President is directly elected by the people for a term of five years and a maximum of two consecutive terms.
To be elected in the first round, a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast, with 50 per cent of the electorate participating.
If fewer than 50 percent of the electorate turns out, a candidate can win in the first round with a plurality if he or she wins at least one-third of the total vote.
If the first round does not produce a president, a second round is held within two weeks between the two top candidates, in which a plurality is sufficient to win.
The President also selects the Prime Minister and names the Cabinet on his or her advice (the Prime Minister and their Cabinet are subject to approval by the Seimas), approves ministerial candidates, and appoints the commander-in-chief of the armed forces — with legislative confirmation.
The President resolves basic foreign policy issues and can confer military and diplomatic ranks, appoint diplomats without legislative approval, and issue decrees subject to the legislature's right to later overturn a decree by legislative action.
The President has the right to nominate (and the Seimas to approve the nomination of) three justices to the Constitutional Court and all justices to the Supreme Court.
The Constitutional Court checks both the legislative and the executive branches of government by ruling on whether their legislation and/or actions are constitutional.
The court consists of nine justices appointed by the legislature, three each from the nominees of the president, the parliamentary chairman, and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Cases for consideration by the Constitutional Court, however, may be brought only by one-fifth of the membership of the Seimas, the ordinary courts, or the President of the Republic.
L'École Militaire was founded in 1750, after the War of the Austrian Succession, by Louis XV on the basis of a proposal of Marshal Maurice de Saxe and with the support of Madame de Pompadour and financier Joseph Paris Duverney.
Previously, military academies were exclusive to children of a noble background and offered apprenticeships in the King's Stables or the stables of other royal members.
With the aim of creating an academic college for cadet officers from poor noble families, the exclusivity that royal military academies held vanished.
By the edict of January 1751, King Louis XV founded the institution intended for the education of five hundred noble young men and born without fortune.
The Royal Military Academy included a number of military colleges in the province such as the School of Brienne where students were admitted on evidence of nobility.
Enlisted by the King to design a more grandiose building than the Hôtel des Invalides (constructed by Louis XIV), Ange-Jacques Gabriel began construction in 1752 on the grounds of the farm of Grenelle.
AlterNet is a politically left-leaning website that was launched in 1998 by the non-profit now known as the Independent Media Institute.
Coverage is divided into several special sections related to progressive news and culture, including News & Politics, World, Economy, Civil Liberties, Immigration, Reproductive Justice, Economy, Environment, Animal Rights, Food, Water, Books, Media and Culture, Belief, Drugs, Personal Health, Sex and Relationships, Vision, and Investigations.
In 2019, NewsGuard said that AlterNet had been among media sources that had changed their practices as part of NewsGuard's rating process, by providing additional information about ownership or financing.
In 2014, the top financial backers of the Independent Media Institute were Cloud Mountain Foundation, Craigslist Charitable Fund, Drug Policy Alliance, Madison Community Foundation, Nathan Cummings Foundation, New World Foundation, Panta Rhea Foundation, Park Foundation and Roseben Fund.
AlterNet was founded in the fall of 1987 by the Institute for Alternative Journalism (IAJ), which was incorporated in December 1983 with a mission to serve as a clearinghouse for important local stories generated by the members of the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies (AAN).
The founding editor of AlterNet was Alan Green, who with his deputy, Margaret Engle, created print and electronic mechanisms to syndicate both the works of AAN papers and freelance contributors, among them Michael Moore and Abbie Hoffman.
Engle took over for Green in 1989 and ran the news service until 1993, in that time dramatically expanding AlterNet's base of contributors and client newspapers.
Upon her resignation, Engle was succeeded by Don Hazen, who had been hired by IAJ in 1991 to be its first executive director.
After the sale of AlterNet to the new company, AlterNet Media in April 2018, the Independent Media Institute (IMI) launched a series of new programs including the Make It Right Project.
On April 9, 2018, it was announced that AlterNet was acquired by owners of Raw Story, an online news organization, under the newly created company AlterNet Media.
A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.
The p-n junction is created by doping, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or by epitaxy (growing a layer of crystal doped with one type of dopant on top of a layer of crystal doped with another type of dopant).
If two separate pieces of material were used, this would introduce a grain boundary between the semiconductors that would severely inhibit its utility by scattering the electrons and holes.
For example, a common type of transistor, the bipolar junction transistor, consists of two p–n junctions in series, in the form n–p–n or p–n–p; while a diode can be made from a single p-n junction.
The same is true of an n-doped semiconductor, but the junction between them can become depleted of charge carriers, and hence non-conductive, depending on the relative voltages of the two semiconductor regions.
By manipulating this non-conductive layer, p–n junctions are commonly used as diodes: circuit elements that allow a flow of electricity in one direction but not in the other (opposite) direction.
A p–n junction diode allows electric charges to flow in one direction, but not in the opposite direction; negative charges (electrons) can easily flow through the junction from n to p but not from p to n, and the reverse is true for holes.
In a p–n junction, without an external applied voltage, an equilibrium condition is reached in which a potential difference forms across the junction.
The result is a region near the junction that acts to repel the mobile charges away from the junction through the electric field that these charged regions create.
The regions near the p–n interface lose their neutrality and most of their mobile carriers, forming the space charge region or depletion layer (see ).
There are two concurrent phenomena: the diffusion process that tends to generate more space charge, and the electric field generated by the space charge that tends to counteract the diffusion.
In fact, since the y-axis of figure A is log-scale, the region is almost completely depleted of majority carriers (leaving a charge density equal to the net doping level), and the edge between the space charge region and the neutral region is quite sharp (see , Q(x) graph).
The space charge region has the same magnitude of charge on both sides of the p–n interfaces, thus it extends farther on the less doped side in this example (the n side in figures A and B).
With a battery connected this way, the holes in the p-type region and the electrons in the n-type region are pushed toward the junction and start to neutralize the depletion zone, reducing its width.
The positive potential applied to the p-type material repels the holes, while the negative potential applied to the n-type material repels the electrons.
With increasing forward-bias voltage, the depletion zone eventually becomes thin enough that the zone's electric field cannot counteract charge carrier motion across the p–n junction, which as a consequence reduces electrical resistance.
Electrons that cross the p–n junction into the p-type material (or holes that cross into the n-type material) diffuse into the nearby neutral region.
However, they do not continue to flow through the p-type material indefinitely, because it is energetically favorable for them to recombine with holes.
Although the electrons penetrate only a short distance into the p-type material, the electric current continues uninterrupted, because holes (the majority carriers) begin to flow in the opposite direction.
The total current (the sum of the electron and hole currents) is constant in space, because any variation would cause charge buildup over time (this is Kirchhoff's current law).
The flow of holes from the p-type region into the n-type region is exactly analogous to the flow of electrons from N to P (electrons and holes swap roles and the signs of all currents and voltages are reversed).
Therefore, the macroscopic picture of the current flow through the diode involves electrons flowing through the n-type region toward the junction, holes flowing through the p-type region in the opposite direction toward the junction, and the two species of carriers constantly recombining in the vicinity of the junction.
The electrons and holes travel in opposite directions, but they also have opposite charges, so the overall current is in the same direction on both sides of the diode, as required.
Because the p-type material is now connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, the 'holes' in the p-type material are pulled away from the junction, leaving behind charged ions and causing the width of the depletion region to increase.
Likewise, because the n-type region is connected to the positive terminal, the electrons are pulled away from the junction, with similar effect.
This increases the voltage barrier causing a high resistance to the flow of charge carriers, thus allowing minimal electric current to cross the p–n junction.
Once the electric field intensity increases beyond a critical level, the p–n junction depletion zone breaks down and current begins to flow, usually by either the Zener or the avalanche breakdown processes.
Both of these breakdown processes are non-destructive and are reversible, as long as the amount of current flowing does not reach levels that cause the semiconductor material to overheat and cause thermal damage.
A standard value for breakdown voltage is for instance 5.6 V. This means that the voltage at the cathode cannot be more than about 5.6 V higher than the voltage at the anode (though there is a slight rise with current), because the diode breaks down, and therefore conduct, if the voltage gets any higher.
Another application of reverse biasing is Varicap diodes, where the width of the depletion zone (controlled with the reverse bias voltage) changes the capacitance of the diode.
The equilibrium potential results from diffusion forces, and thus we can calculate formula_23 by implementing the Einstein relation and assuming the semiconductor is nondegenerate (i.e.
In a simplified ideal situation a semiconductor diode would never function, since it would be composed of several diodes connected back-to-front in series.
But, in practice, surface impurities within the part of the semiconductor that touches the metal terminals greatly reduces the width of those depletion layers, to such an extent that the metal-semiconductor junctions do not act as diodes.
The p-n junction is created by doping, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or by epitaxy (growing a layer of crystal doped with one type of dopant on top of a layer of crystal doped with another type of dopant).
If two separate pieces of material were used, this would introduce a grain boundary between the semiconductors that would severely inhibit its utility by scattering the electrons and holes.
No longer an island and now forming part of the peninsula, the area is almost all marshland and is a major habitat for diverse wetland birds.
The village constitutes a civil parish, which at the 2011 census had a population of 1,648, a net decrease of 83 people in 10 years.
The severing of the road resulted in an inconclusive High Court case in 1824, and by 1835 the causeway had been reinstated.
The goods route from the Medway Towns to the upper Thames Estuary was later shortened by the Thames and Medway Canal, although this route, too, was abandoned.
Since the removal of livestock from marshy areas, the number of native mosquitoes has greatly declined, and Britain's last recorded outbreak of malaria was in 1918.
Yantlet Creek at the south of the Yantlet Line was the downstream limit of the City of London's ownership of the bed of the River Thames.
Its successor for navigation purposes, the Port of London Authority, also owns the river bed down to here but has navigation policing rights on a debatable area of estuary or sea as far as the seaside resort of Margate which has normal sea salinity.
The Isle of Grain was the site of Grain Fort, built in the 1860s and used for coastal defence until the 1950s.
Grain Tower, about a quarter of a mile off-shore and accessible at low tide, originated about the same time as the main fort.
Later additions, consisting of concrete emplacements and shelters, were added during the World Wars, and the tower was used as a boom control point.
Construction of this facility for British Petroleum (now BP) took from 1948 to 1952, and it suffered flooding almost immediately when the North Sea flood of 1953 breached the sea wall.
In the 1990s the refinery site was chosen for a purpose-built facility to make concrete lining segments for the Channel Tunnel.
There was not the space to make the sections at the Shakespeare Cliff construction site near Folkestone at the tunnel's entrance, so the Isle of Grain was used because large quantities of granite aggregate could be delivered there by ship from Glensanda in Scotland, and the finished sections could then be transported by a pre-existing rail link to east Kent.
Like others in the Hundred of Hoo, the village was named after the dedication of its parish church; compare Allhallows (= All Saints), St Mary Hoo, Hoo St Werburgh.
In the late 1870s the South Eastern Railway decided to promote a line through the (Hoo) district, with a view to competing for the traffic from London to Sheerness, formerly an almost unchallenged stronghold of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway.
For some years past a steamer had been running from Sheerness to Strood, whence South Eastern trains gave a connection to London.
In 1879 the South Eastern obtained an act for a branch leaving their North Kent line at a point about (3.5 miles) from Gravesend ... to Stoke ...
In the following year powers were obtained for an extension, (3.5 miles) long, to St James, in the Isle of Grain, where a deep-water pier was to be built on the Medway.
The project was not a success and the ferry service was withdrawn in 1901, and the pier upon which the station was located fell into disuse by 1931, with the station moving to a new site just inland.
The site is now occupied by the industrial sprawl, though the foundations of the pier are still visible at low tide to this day and are clearly visible on aerial photographs of the area at coordinates .
From the beginning of World War I regular patrols were made along the Thames estuary from this station, as part of English Channel defences.
But soon the course of the ship opens the entrance of the Medway, with its men-of-war moored in line, and the long wooden jetty of Port Victoria, with its few low buildings like the beginning of a hasty settlement upon a wild and unexplored shore.
A suggestion in 2003 to site a new London international airport to lie west of the Isle on the Cliffe Marshes aroused a lot of local opposition, as well as from environmental groups such as the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
New high-speed rail lines would be built connecting Kent and Europe with North London, and the North East and North West of England.
The scheme would also involve the remodelling of the Thames Estuary, by the construction of a four-runway airport on the Isle of Grain, partially on land reclaimed from the estuary.
Residents highlight the hazards presented by the presence of the wreck of the SS Richard Montgomery with its 1,400 tonnes of explosives, just off the Nore, and the natural gas terminals that import and temporarily store 20% of the UK's natural gas.
The construction of the airport on the Isle was favoured by the former Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, who also favoured converting Heathrow Airport to housing and gave expanding Stansted Airport as another option.
Grain was not one, but they wrote they would undertake further study of the Isle of Grain option in the first half of 2014 to reach a view later next year whether that option could also be shortlisted.
On 16 June 1857 the Isle was the site of a heavyweight championship prize-fight between William Perry (known as the Tipton Slasher) and Tom Sayers.
Lubusz Land (; ) is a historical region and cultural landscape in Poland and Germany on both sides of the Oder river.
Originally the settlement area of the West Slavic Leubuzzi tribe, the swampy area was located east of March of Brandenburg and west of Greater Poland, south of Pomerania and north of Silesia and Lower Lusatia.
Presently its eastern part lies within the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship, the western part with its historical capital Lebus (Lubusz) in the German state of Brandenburg.
When in 928 King Henry I of Germany crossed the Elbe river to conquer the lands of the Veleti, he did not subdue the Leubuzzi people settling beyond the Spree.
Their territory was either already inherited by the first Polish ruler Mieszko I (~960-992) or conquered by him in the early period of his rule.
After the German Northern March got lost in a 983 Slavic rebellion, Duke Bolesław and King Otto III of Germany in 991 agreed at Quedlinburg to jointly conquer the remaining Lutician territory, Otto coming from the west and Bolesław starting from Lubusz in the east.
Instead Otto's successor King Henry II of Germany in the rising conflict over the adjacent Lusatian march concluded an alliance with the Lutici and repeatedly attacked Bolesław.
Lubusz Land remained under Polish control even after King Mieszko II Lambert in 1031 finally had to withdraw from the adjacent, just conquered March of Lusatia and accept the overlordship of Emperor Conrad II.
However, from the beginning Gniezno's role as metropolia of the Lebus diocese was challenged by the claims of the mighty Archbishops of Magdeburg, who also tried to make Lebus their suffragan.
When the Duchy of Silesia was restored to the descendants of Władysław II the Exile in 1163, Lubusz Land together with Lower Silesia was given to his eldest son Bolesław I the Tall.
In the 13th century Polish dukes in order to help develop Lubusz Land, granted some areas to different Catholic religious orders, such as the Cistercians, Canons Regular and Knights Templar.
Lubusz remained under the rule of the Silesian Piasts, though Bolesław's son Duke Henry I the Bearded in 1206 signed an agreement with Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks of Greater Poland to swap it for the Kalisz Region.
This agreement however did not last as it provoked the revolt of Władysław's nephew Władysław Odonic, while in addition the Lusatian margrave Conrad II of Landsberg took this occasion to invade Lubusz.
Duke Henry I appealed to Emperor Otto IV and already started an armed expedition, until he was once again able to secure his possession of the region after Margrave Conrad had died in 1210.
Nevertheless, the resistance against the Imperial expansion waned as the Silesian territories were again fragmented after the death of Duke Henry II the Pious of Wrocław at the Battle of Legnica in 1241.
In 1248 Bolesław II, then Duke of Legnica, finally sold Lubusz to Magdeburg's Archbishop Wilbrand von Käfernburg and the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg in 1249, wielding the secular reign.
As to secular rule Lubusz Land was finally separated from Silesia, according to canon law however, the Lebus diocese, comprising most of Lubusz Land, remained subordinate to the Gniezno metropolis.
Meanwhile, the Brandenburg margraves forwarded the incorporation of Lubusz Land into their New March, created and expanded further to the northeast after the acquisition of the Santok castellany in 1296 on the forest areas between the Duchy of Pomerania and Greater Poland.
The Lebus bishops tried to maintain their affiliation with Poland and in 1276 therefore moved their residence east of the Oder river to Górzyca (Göritz upon Oder), an episcopal fief.
When in 1320 the Brandenburg House of Ascania became extinct, King Władysław I the Elbow-high took the chance, allied with Bishop Stephen II and campaigned the New March.
In return the head of secular government in Lubusz, governor Erich of Wulkow, loyal to the new Brandenburg margrave Louis I of Wittelsbach, raided and captured the episcopal possessions in 1325, burning down the Górzyca cathedral.
In 1373 the diocese was again devastated by a Bohemian army, when Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg took the Brandenburg margraviate from the House of Wittelsbach.
The northern part of the diocese of Lubusz, the Kostrzyn land, administratively became part of the New March, a peripheral region for Czech rulers who were willing to sell it.
In 1402, an agreement was reached in Kraków between them and the Poles, under which Poland was to purchase this region, however in the same year the Luxembourgs sold the region to the Teutonic Knights, Poland's arch-enemy.
In 1454, after the Thirteen Years’ War broke out, the Teutonic Knights sold the region to Brandenburg in order to raise funds for war against Poland.
In 1518 Bishop Dietrich von Bülow bought the secular lordship of Beeskow-Storkow, in secular respect a Bohemian fief, in religious respect mostly no part of his diocese but of the Diocese of Meissen.
However, when in 1547 Bishop Georg tried to recruit and arm troops in order to join the Catholic Imperial forces in the Smalkaldic War, his vassal city of Beeskow refused to obey.
From 1555 the bishopric was secularised and became a Lutheran diocese and the area east of the Oder was later called Eastern Brandenburg.
In 1575 King Maximilian II of Bohemia granted the Beeskow lordship of the Lebus diocese to Brandenburg as a Bohemian fief, which it remained until the First Silesian War in 1742.
When in 1598 the Magdeburg administrator Joachim Frederick of Hohenzollern became Elector of Brandenburg, all official links with Poland had long been cut.
But new links to Poland developed, because since 1618 the prince-electors of Brandenburg ruled the Duchy of Prussia, then a Polish vassal state, in personal union.
In 1657 Prussia gained sovereignty, so in 1701 the electors could upgrade their simultaneously held Prussian dukedom to the Kingdom of Prussia, dropping the title of elector of the Holy Roman Empire at its dissolution in 1806.
In 1815 the kingdom joined the German Confederation, in 1866 the North German Confederation, which enlarged in 1871 to united Germany.
By the 17th century most of the population, consisting of autochthon Poles and German settlers, had mingled and assimilated to German language.
It was one of the last battles before the capitulation of Nazi Germany and the end of World War II in Europe.
Most of the Lubusz Land was transferred to Poland by the 1945 Potsdam Conference, while Germany retained areas west of the Oder-Neisse line including the historical capital Lebus as well as the towns of Fürstenwalde and Müllrose.
Whereas Frankfurt upon Oder, founded later and under Marcher auspices, does not form part of the Lebus Land in German comprehension, its western and northwestern environs do, as much north as Letschin, west as far as Buckow in Marcher Switzerland and and from there, the southern frontier follows a line via Fürstenwalde to Müllrose.
The largest cities and capitals of the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship today are Zielona Góra and Gorzów Wielkopolski, which however were not part of the historical Lubusz Land (cf.
In the Polish part of the Lubusz Land, in Słubice, the Wikipedia Monument, world's first monument dedicated to the Wikipedia community, was unveiled in 2014.
A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors.
Its particular arrangement of color filters is used in most single-chip digital image sensors used in digital cameras, camcorders, and scanners to create a color image.
Alternatives to the Bayer filter include both various modifications of colors and arrangement and completely different technologies, such as color co-site sampling, the Foveon X3 sensor, the dichroic mirrors or a transparent diffractive-filter array.
The luminance perception of the human retina uses M and L cone cells combined, during daylight vision, which are most sensitive to green light.
At the time Bayer registered his patent, he also proposed to use a cyan-magenta-yellow combination, that is another set of opposite colors.
This arrangement was impractical at the time because the necessary dyes did not exist, but is used in some new digital cameras.
The big advantage of the new CMY dyes is that they have an improved light absorption characteristic; that is, their quantum efficiency is higher.
Since each pixel is filtered to record only one of three colors, the data from each pixel cannot fully specify each of the red, green, and blue values on its own.
To obtain a full-color image, various demosaicing algorithms can be used to interpolate a set of complete red, green, and blue values for each pixel.
This can be done in-camera, producing a JPEG or TIFF image, or outside the camera using the raw data directly from the sensor.
For a green pixel, two red neighbors can be interpolated to yield the red value, also two blue pixels can be interpolated to yield the blue value.
This simple approach works well in areas with constant color or smooth gradients, but it can cause artifacts such as color bleeding in areas where there are abrupt changes in color or brightness especially noticeable along sharp edges in the image.
Because of this, other demosaicing methods attempt to identify high-contrast edges and only interpolate along these edges, but not across them.
Other algorithms are based on the assumption that the color of an area in the image is relatively constant even under changing light conditions, so that the color channels are highly correlated with each other.
Therefore, the green channel is interpolated at first then the red and afterwards the blue channel, so that the color ratio red-green respective blue-green are constant.
There are other methods that make different assumptions about the image content and starting from this attempt to calculate the missing color values.
Images with small-scale detail close to the resolution limit of the digital sensor can be a problem to the demosaicing algorithm, producing a result which does not look like the model.
A common and unfortunate artifact of Color Filter Array (CFA) interpolation or demosaicing is what is known and seen as false coloring.
Typically this artifact manifests itself along edges, where abrupt or unnatural shifts in color occur as a result of misinterpolating across, rather than along, an edge.
These have the benefit of removing false coloring artifacts from the image while using a more robust demosaicing algorithm for interpolating the red and blue color planes.
The zippering artifact is another side effect of CFA demosaicing, which also occurs primarily along edges, is known as the zipper effect.
This effect occurs when the demosaicing algorithm averages pixel values over an edge, especially in the red and blue planes, resulting in its characteristic blur.
As mentioned before, the best methods for preventing this effect are the various algorithms which interpolate along, rather than across image edges.
Pattern recognition interpolation, adaptive color plane interpolation, and directionally weighted interpolation all attempt to prevent zippering by interpolating along edges detected in the image.
However, even with a theoretically perfect sensor that could capture and distinguish all colors at each photosite, Moiré and other artifacts could still appear.
This is typically a thin layer directly in front of the sensor, and works by effectively blurring any potentially problematic details that are finer than the resolution of the sensor.
The Foveon X3 sensor (which layers red, green, and blue sensors vertically rather than using a mosaic) and arrangements of three separate CCDs (one for each color) don't need demosaicing.
Another reason is for the sensor to record two different exposures, which is then merged to produce an image with greater dynamic range.
The result is that it can act like two interleaved sensors, with different exposure times for each half of the photosites.
This retained highlight information can then be blended in with the output from the other half of the sensor that is recording a 'full' exposure, again making use of the close spacing of similarly colored photosites.
The Fujifilm X-Trans CMOS sensor used in many Fujifilm X-series cameras is claimed to provide better resistance to color moiré than the Bayer filter, and as such they can be made without an anti-aliasing filter.
Also, the new design is claimed to reduce the incidence of false colors, by having red, blue and green pixels in each line.
One of main drawbacks is that support for custom pattern can lack full support in third party raw processing software like Adobe Photoshop Lightroom where adding improvements took multiple years.
Quad Bayer is similar to Bayer filter, however adjacent 2x2 pixels are the same color, the 4x4 pattern features 4x blue, 4x red, and 8x green.
The pixels in Quad Bayer can be operated in long-time integration and short-time integration to achieve single shot HDR, reducing blending issues.
On March 26, 2019, the Huawei P30 series were announced featuring RYYB Quad Bayer, with the 4x4 pattern featuring 4x blue, 4x red, and 8x yellow.
This locally abundant gull breeds in large colonies in reedbeds and marshes, and lays two or three eggs in a nest, which can be on the ground or floating.
Although it is predominantly coastal or estuarine, it is not a pelagic species, and is rarely seen at sea far from land.
The summer adult has a pale grey head, a grey body, darker in tone than the black-headed, and red bill and legs.
The Wassaic station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Wassaic, New York (part of Amenia).
Metro-North also has a small rail yard just north of the station, to store locomotives and cars used for peak service.
The first Wassaic train station was about a half-mile south of its current location and was situated in the actual town section of Wassaic.
The station operated by New York and Harlem Railroad, and later New York Central Railroad served the surrounding village area, as well as towns even as far as Connecticut.
Bordens Milk operated a factory in the hamlet of which there was a side track provided for the purpose of transporting milk to points south.
In 1968, the railroad merged with longtime rival Pennsylvania Railroad to form Penn Central Railroad, and thus the station and line became property of the newly merged railroad.
On March 20, 1972 Penn Central abandoned service north of Dover, and in 1990, rails were removed from Millerton south to milepost 81.33 which became the northernmost point of the freight operation by Penn Central on the Harlem Line.
The physical end of the track is located just north of the current Wassaic yard, at mile post 83.68, there is no track or railroad past that point, but the roadbed, which is still visible, is slowly being reclaimed by nature.
Before the station reopened on July 9, 2000, Metro-North Railroad rehabilitated the tracks and grade crossings that existed north of Dover Plains and moved the physical location of the Wassaic train station to approximately one half mile north of the old station and constructed a new rail yard facility.
The moving of the station to the new location resulted in the re-laying of tracks over the existing rail bed approximately three quarters of a mile where the tracks end.
The Tenmile River station (formerly State School station) is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Wassaic, New York.
Trains depart about every two hours for Southeast which connect to trains for New York City with service to Grand Central Terminal.
It is located on Sinpatch Road (Dutchess CR 5), next to the crossing of the creek, a short distance east of NY 22/343.
Tenmile River is named for the waterway of the same name adjacent to the station as well as north of the grade crossing with Sinpatch Road, and is in nearly the same spot as the State School station (named for a nearby institution for the developmentally disabled, now Taconic Developmental Center) which was closed with Penn Central's abandonment of passenger service north of Dover Plains in 1972.
In addition to the few passengers that came to visit the New York State-operated juvenile developmental disability center, the major amount of railroad traffic was involved the shipments of soft coal on a regular basis.
Unusually, the MTA has placed identifying signage on concrete pilings opposite the platform to complement the signs on the platform itself.
The two immigrated to the United States separately – Israel in 1898 and Cina in 1908 – where they met and married.
He showed an intelligence and perception that convinced his father he had the makings of a rabbi, but Mostel preferred painting and drawing, a passion he was to retain for life.
According to Roger Butterfield, his mother sent him to the Metropolitan Museum of Art to copy paintings while dressed in a velvet suit.
One afternoon, while a crowd was watching over his velvet-clad shoulder, he solemnly copied the whole painting upside down, delighting his audience.
He later claimed that he was on the swimming team and the Reserve Officers Training Corps, though the claim is dubious.
As only beginner classes were available in art, Mostel took them repeatedly to be able to paint and receive professional feedback.
The marriage did not last, however, since Clara could not accept the many hours Mostel spent in his studio with his fellow artists, and he did not seem to be able to provide for her at the level to which she had been accustomed.
They separated in 1941 and divorced in 1944, Clara only agreeing to the divorce in return for a percentage of Mostel's earnings for the rest of his life.
Part of Mostel's duty with the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) was to give gallery talks at New York's museums.
Leading groups of students through the many paintings, Mostel could not suppress his comedic nature, and his lectures were noted less for their artistic content than for his sense of humor.
As his reputation grew, he was invited to entertain at parties and other social occasions, earning three to five dollars per performance.
In 1941, the Café Society, a downtown Manhattan nightclub, approached Mostel with an offer to become a professional comedian and play a regular spot.
Although Mostel gave varying accounts of his Army service, records show he was honorably discharged in August 1943 because of an unspecified physical disability.
The couple stayed together until Mostel's death and had two children: film actor Josh Mostel in 1946 and Tobias in 1948.
As a result of that, his application to be an entertainment director with the US Army Special Services unit was denied.
On January 29, 1952, Martin Berkeley identified Mostel to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) as having been a member of the Communist Party.
Mostel declined to name names and jousted with the members of Congress, invoked the Fifth Amendment, while standing up for his right to the privacy of his personal political beliefs.
His testimony won him admiration in the blacklisted community, and in addition to not naming names he also confronted the committee on ideological matters, something that was rarely done.
The admiration he received for his testimony did nothing to take him out of the blacklist, however, and the family had to struggle throughout the 1950s with little income.
Later he said that he cherished those years for the time it had afforded him to do what he loved most.
In 1957, Toby Cole, a New York theatrical agent who strongly opposed the blacklist, contacted Mostel and asked to represent him.
The injury took a huge toll; for the rest of his life, the massively-scarred leg gave him pain and required frequent rests and baths.
From this time forward, whenever he attended the Metropolitan Opera, Mostel carried a cane to go along with the cape that he also favored.
His transition onstage from man to rhinoceros became a thing of legend; he won his first Tony Award for Best Actor, even though he was not in the lead role.
Mostel did not originally want to do the role either, which he thought below his capabilities, but was convinced by his wife and agent.
Because of Mostel's respect for the works of Sholem Aleichem he insisted that more of the author's mood and style be incorporated into the musical, and he made major contributions to its shape.
Mostel received a Tony Award for it and was invited to a reception in the White House, officially ending his political pariah status.
Mostel refused to accept the role at first, but director Mel Brooks persuaded him to show the script to his wife, who then talked Mostel into doing it.
His performance received mixed reviews, and was not a great success at first, but the film has since achieved classic status.
He lived in a large rented apartment in The Belnord on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and built a summer house on Monhegan Island in Maine.
In his last decade, Mostel's star dimmed as he appeared in movies that were received with indifference by both critics and the general audience.
In the last four months of his life, Mostel took on a nutritionally unsound diet (later described by his friends as a starvation diet) that reduced his weight from 304 to 215 pounds.
He was diagnosed with a respiratory disorder and it was believed he was in no danger and would be released soon.
He was described as irreverent, believing himself to be a comic genius (many critics agreed with him) and showed little patience for incompetence.
He often improvised, which was received well by audiences but which often left other performers (who were not prepared for his ad-libbed lines) confused and speechless during live performances.
Other producers, such as Jerome Robbins and Hal Prince, preferred to hire Mostel on short contracts, knowing that he would become less faithful to the script as time went on.
His exuberant personality, though largely responsible for his success, had also intimidated others in his profession and prevented him from receiving some important roles.
However, just after being introduced, Mostel got up, walked over to Wilder, hugged him, and planted a big kiss on his lips.
Wilder claims to be grateful to Mostel for teaching him such a valuable lesson, and for picking Wilder up every day so that they could ride to work together.
The Dover Plains station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Dover Plains, New York.
The 7.5-mile (12 km) distance from Dover Plains to Harlem Valley–Wingdale, the next station to the south, is the longest between two stations on the Harlem Line.
Rail service in Dover Plains can be traced as far back as December 31, 1848 with the establishment of the New York and Harlem Railroad, which became part of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1864 and eventually taken over by the New York Central Railroad.
As with most of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed the station into a Penn Central Railroad station.
Penn Central's continuous financial despair throughout the 1970s forced them to turn over their commuter service to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and abandon service north of Dover Plains, thus transforming it into a terminal station in 1972.
The 1860-built NYCRR station house, now abandoned, more recently contained a bagel restaurant, and the former freight house also still exists.
Henry Marc Brunel (27 June 1842 – 7 October 1903) was an English civil engineer and the son of the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and grandson of civil engineer Marc Isambard Brunel.
Henry Marc Brunel was born in Westminster, London on June 26th 1842, the second son of the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Elizabeth Mary Horsley.
He developed an interest in acting as a hobby, becoming a member of the Scientific and Amateur Dramatic Societies, and also contributed to his brother's biography of their father.
Henry is noted for a partnership from 1878 with Sir John Wolfe Barry, with whom he designed the Blackfriars Railway Bridge over the River Thames in central London.
Their other works included the docks at Barry in south Wales and the Creagan Bridge, a railway bridge over the narrows of Loch Creran in Scotland (jointly credited to Wolfe Barry, Brunel and E.M. Crutwell).
The novel is set in Manhattan and the U.S. Midwest, and centers on the life of the narrator Marco Stanley Fogg and the two previous generations of his family.
Fogg starts college, and nine months later moves from the dormitory into his own apartment furnished with 1492 books given to him by Uncle Victor.
After selling the books one by one in order to survive Fogg loses his apartment and seeks shelter in Central Park.
He meets Kitty Wu and begins a romance with her after he has been rescued from Central Park by Zimmer and Kitty Wu.
He begins his journey with his father Solomon Barber, who dies shortly after an accident at Westlawn Cemetery, where Fogg's mother is buried.
The day before he is thrown out, Marco decides to ask Zimmer, an old college friend with whom he has lost contact, for help.
Zimmer has moved to another apartment, so when Marco arrives at Zimmer's old apartment, he is invited by some strangers to join their breakfast.
Marco even manages to stay in touch with what is going on in the world by reading newspapers left by visitors.
Although life in Central Park is not very comfortable, he feels at ease because he's enjoying his solitude and he restores the balance between his inner and outer self.
This part devoted to Central Park may be considered an echo to the main themes of Transcendentalism and the works of Thoreau and Whitman.
Zimmer (the German word for room) is a good friend, hosts Marco in his apartment, bears all his expenses, and helps him to recover.
But when Marco has to go to the army physical, he is still rated unfit because of his poor physical and mental state.
Marco feels very bad about living at Zimmer's costs, so he finally persuades him to let him do a French translation for him to earn some money.
They lose touch, and when, after thirteen years, they happen to run into each other in a busy street, Marco learns that Zimmer has married and become a typical middle-class citizen.
He finds a job at Effing's, where he is hired for reading books to Effing and driving the old, blind and disabled man through the city of New York in his wheelchair.
Effing tells him the main facts of his life as the famous painter Julian Barber and his conversion to Thomas Effing.
Byrne fell from a high place and the guide flees from the place, leaving Barber alone in the middle of the desert.
He is extremely fat (which contrasts to Marco's period of starvation) and didn't know his father nor that he has a son.
Although he lacks ambition, Uncle Victor must have been a good musician because for some time he is a member of the famous Cleveland Orchestra.
Uncle Victor carries out his guardianship for Marco in a responsible way, but he does not exercise adult authority over Marco.
Uncle Victor is also quite open-minded, likes movies and is fairly well-read, with 1492 books - a number obviously meant to remind us of the year when Columbus discovered America.
Julian Barber eventually wanted to travel to the West and as his wife got scared he wouldn't come back, she spent one night with him.
He started a new life as Thomas, and was then attacked which resulted in an accident that caused him to become paralyzed.
Next he moves into a big New York apartment with his housemaid 'Mrs Hume' and his assistant Pavel Shum, a Russian student he met in Paris.
Marco must read all kinds of books to him, describe the Manhattan scenery to the blind man while he takes him for walks in his wheelchair, and eventually has to write Effing's obituary.
Kitty is a girl with Chinese roots who falls in love with Marco and helps in searching for him during his central park period.
A more prosaic explanation of the title is that the Moon Palace was a Chinese restaurant (now defunct) in the Morningside Heights neighborhood on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, which was a popular student hangout when Auster was studying at Columbia University.
He was a descendant of an Austrian Jewish family, born on the Third of February 1947 in Newark, New Jersey, which is about 15 miles west of New York City.
Samuel Auster was a businessman who left the house in the morning before his son was awake and returned home when he was already in bed.
In fact this may also put a different light on the title as the moon is symbolic of the female or the mother.
It is from Southeast station, from White Plains, and 69 miles (111 km) from Grand Central Terminal and travel time to Grand Central is approximately one hour, 55 minutes.
The distance from Harlem Valley–Wingdale to Dover Plains, the next station to the north, is the longest between two stations on the Harlem Line.
It was built to serve the Harlem Valley State Hospital, and was expanded from a simple wooden platform to a shelter with a wood-burning stove.
It was located near such hotels as the 1806-built Jackson Wing Inn, and the 1858-built Duell Hotel, the latter of which still stands today.
As with most of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed the two stations into Penn Central Railroad stations.
Penn Central's continuous financial despair throughout the 1970s forced them to turn over their commuter service to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and abandon service north of Dover Plains.
Penn Central continued to provide coal service to the hospital until it was taken over by Conrail, which continued coal service well into the 1990s.
The stations were consolidated in 1977 with the State Hospital station being renamed Harlem Valley-Wingdale and the Wingdale stop being discontinued, thus transforming the station into the penultimate station on the Harlem Line, until Metro-North acquired the line in 1983, and re-extended it to Wassaic in 2000.
BBC Asian Network is a British radio station whose target audience are people aged 15-35 of South Asian descent (Bangladeshi/Indian/Pakistani), and/or those with an interest in South Asian affairs.
Head of BBC Asian Network Mark Strippel was given joint control of both stations, creating a super-network for two of the UK's largest ethnic minority groups.
BBC Asian Network now broadcasts mainly in English, but has retained Sunday evening shows with language content covering regions in the Indian subcontinent: India (mainly Punjab and Gujarat), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Despite the name, BBC Asian Network only covers the Indian subcontinent, with countries from the rest of the continent – such as East and Southeast Asia – not catered for.
In 1977 BBC Radio Leicester, responding to the growth of the size of the South Asian population in Leicester, introduced a daily show aimed primarily at that community in the city.
On 30 October 1988 The Asian Network was launched on the MW transmitters of BBC WM and BBC Radio Leicester with a combined output of 70 hours per week, and was extended to 86 hours a week in 1995 and on 4 November 1996 the station became a full-time service, on air 18 hours a day, and was relaunched as BBC Asian Network.
In April 2006 the first wave of schedule changes were introduced with further changes coming into effect on 14 May and 21 May with weekend changes occurring from 17 June.
In August 2007, the Asian Network received a new logo as part of a general re-brand of all national BBC stations.
Storylines focused on the lives of a British South Asian community in an English town of unspecified name and location, with themes that generally related to issues that affect the daily lives of British South Asians and their neighbours.
In July 2009 it was revealed that the Asian Network had lost over 20% of its listeners in a single year and, per listener, was the most costly and expensive BBC radio station to run.
On 14 March 2011, the BBC announced it was reconsidering its plan to close the station in favour of reducing its budget in half.
In 2011, the BBC ruled there would be a 46% reduction in AN's budget and a declared target of 600,000 listeners a week; with actual audience numbers only reaching 507,000.
Even with the budget reductions, in 2013 AN had the largest budget of the BBC's digital-only radio stations at £13m; despite having the lowest audience figures by far.
In 2016–17, AN continued to have the highest cost-per-user of all the BBC's radio stations at 3.4p per hour, the second highest budget of the BBC's digital-only radio stations at £7.5m and the lowest audience figures of all the BBC's stations.
RAJAR's figures in 2014 showed that AN had at last started to increase its ratings – Q2's average weekly audience was 552,000 listeners, peaking at 619,000 listeners in Q4, finally exceeding the target set in 2011.
However, the station was noted as being the BBC's only station – across both television and radio – whose Appreciation Index measurably fell in 2014.
By May 2015, AN had once again lost a substantial number of listeners, with the RAJAR reporting a peak of 562,000 listeners – a loss of 57,000 from the previous quarter.
In 2017/18, it was noted the station not only remained as having the highest cost-per-user of all the BBC radio output, but whose costs also increased – rising from 3.4p per hour the previous year to 3.7p per hour.
The audience Appreciation Index figure did not increase, remaining at 80.3; and the average length of time spent on the channel dramatically fell from 06:11 to 05:19 – the biggest fall of all of the BBC's radio stations.
In 2018/19, AN's annual budget increased from £7m to £8m, but the station noted continued heavy losses compared to the previous year: in terms of population reach (down to 1.1%), time spent on the channel per week (down to 5:12) and an increase in cost per user per hour (up to 5p).
In 2018, the station's Head of News Arif Ansari was arrested and charged under the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1992 for a reporter naming a victim of the Rotherham sex abuse scandal during a live news bulletin.
The Appalachian Trail station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving campers and hikers destined for the Appalachian Trail, north of Pawling, New York.
There are no transportation connections via bus or taxi, but New York State Route 22 is only steps away from the station.
Its creation was the suggestion of George Zoebelein, who was an avid hiker and a veteran of the NY/NJ Trail Conference as well as both the NY/NJ Appalachian Trail Conferences, and also served as a member of the Metro-North Railroad Commuter Council (MNRCC) of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee (PCAC) to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
It is one of three limited service stops operated by Metro-North primarily for hikers, the other two being and on the Hudson Line.
In the northbound direction, it leads immediately to a small grassy parking area along Route 22 with space for a few cars, then follows the highway to paved turnouts with more space a few hundred feet north along either side of the highway, just north of where it leaves the road and starts climbing toward Hammersly Ridge and the Pawling Nature Preserve.
The station has a low-level wooden side platform to the east of the track, long enough for one door of one car to receive and discharge passengers.
The platform has no shelter, but has a bulletin board for posting the current train schedule, as well as information for hikers.
It will usually also house locker rooms, and perhaps allied activities, such as a diving well or facilities for water polo.
He was a successful player for FC Bruges between 1998 and 2003 but suffered from various injuries later in his career.
The village acquired its unusual name in the twelfth century when a castle was built, and it became the major manor of eleven local townships.
Some of the eleven ancient townships, mostly situated to the north and west of Ruyton, still survive as hamlets today; although some, like Coton, are just a collection of farm buildings.
The eleven were Ruyton, Coton, Shotatton, Shelvock, Eardiston and Wykey, which remain in the parish; and Felton, Haughton, Rednal, Sutton and Tedsmore, now in the parish of West Felton.
Another medical doctor, William Blair-Bell, founder of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, lived at Eardiston House in the parish prior to his death in 1936.
It was conceived by the London architect Stanley Vaughan after a visit to Ruyton, and created by local father-and-son stonemasons Warwick and Len Edwards.
They generally do not cause any injury, are said to suddenly appear and surprise people, and are a comparatively harmless type of yōkai.
Perhaps because they don't perform bad deeds, when they are depicted in pictures, they are often depicted cutely, or in a humorous design.
They take on the appearance of a kozō (a monk in training), but there is also the theory that they come from the yōkai from Mount Hiei, the said to be what the 18th Tendaizasu, Ryōgen turned into.
In Yotsuya, Edo, there lived a man named Ojima Yakiemon (小嶋弥喜右衛門), and headed towards the estate of the samurai family Asanuno for business, and when he waited in the room, a kozō about ten years of age appeared, and rolled up and rolled down the hanging scroll in the tokonoma over and over.
Yakiemon raised a shriek and fell down, and was sent back to his home by the people of the estate who were surprised by his voice.
Afterward, according to the people of the estate, this kind of strange occurrence happens about four or five times each year, but it doesn't particularly do anything bad.
He found a one-eyed child, and when he attempted to take him away, there was a big uproar and he was surrounded by a great number of people who captured him.
In the Kantō region, there is the legend that on the night of , the eighth day on the second month and the eighth day of the 12th month in the lunisolar calendar, they would come from mountain villages together with a mikaribaba, and perform the custom of putting a bamboo basket in front of their house in order to drive it away.
On Kotoyōka, in the past there were many regions that people would not do their work and stay confined in their homes, but sometimes, this ritual of seclusion in the house was interpreted as staying in the home since monsters would appear; there is also a theory that these monsters are the hitotsume-kozō and the mikaribaba.
Also in the legends of the Kantō region, hitotsume-kozō would go around houses carrying a notebook on Kotoyōka and would investigate houses that had bad door fastenings or bad manners, and determine their fortune, or report it to the yakubyōgami and bring about misfortune.
In Izu region in Shizuoka Prefecture, on the 15th day of the first month, there is the custom of burning a statue of a dōsojin in a fire in the dōsojin festival.
With this, the hitotsume-kozō who was supposed to retrieve the notebook from the dōsojin on the eighth day of the second month would no longer be there, thus evading misfortune.
Also, there are hints that there existed people who lost a leg and an eye as a sacrifice in old rituals, and according to hunters and lumberjacks, in a legend related to nature gods deified in the mountains, one can catch a glimpse of atypical gods that took on an appearance with one eye and one foot.
Other than this, since, among those who were employed in smelting iron in a tatara there were many people who lost one eye, there is the theory that it is related to one-eyed god, Ame no Mahitotsu no Kami that people employed at iron smelting have put their faith into.
When the mother is deficient in Vitamin A or other nutrients, the cerebrum is unable to divide to the left and right, and accompanying this there is also only one eyeball.
More than just abnormalities with the brain, nerves, or respiratory system, it is a condition that results in death in the womb before even birth.
Vitamin A is, other than green vegetables, also contained in many animal foods, and in Japan, which did not have much of a culture in eating meat, it might not have been strange to be deficient in Vitamin A.
With this background, since hitotsume-kozō have the appearance of a child and the clothing of a young priest, it is thought that babies born with one eye were called this, which is where it started.
The series is about the trials of nine girls at the Kisaragi School for Girls who form a baseball team for the purpose of playing on equal footing with boys' teams at the most prestigious high school tournament in Japan, the National High School Baseball Championship.
Their aim to qualify for, and ultimately to win, the final rounds of the tournament which is held each year at the Koshien Stadium.
They are led by ace pitcher, Ryo Hayakawa, a daughter of a former pitching star in Japan who was banned from Nippon Professional Baseball.
All of the team members are excellent athletes and in great physical shape, and this explains why the team becomes such a strong one despite their physical differences.
At Anime Expo 2013, Right Stuf Inc. had announced that they have licensed the series for a 2014 release under their Lucky Penny label.
The sādhu is solely dedicated to achieving mokṣa (liberation), the fourth and final aśrama (stage of life), through meditation and contemplation of Brahman.
Sādhus often wear simple clothing, such saffron-coloured clothing in Hinduism, white or nothing in Jainism, symbolising their sannyāsa (renunciation of worldly possessions).
It is also thought that the austere practices of the sadhus help to burn off their karma and that of the community at large.
For example, Nath yogi sadhus have been viewed with a certain degree of suspicion particularly amongst the urban populations of India, but they have been revered and are popular in rural India.
They typically live a simple lifestyle, have very few or no possessions, survive by food and drinks from leftovers that they beg for or is donated by others.
Many sadhus have rules for alms collection, and do not visit the same place twice on different days to avoid bothering the residents.
They generally walk or travel over distant places, homeless, visiting temples and pilgrimage centers as a part of their spiritual practice.
Shaiva sadhus are renunciates devoted to Shiva, and Vaishnava sadhus are renouncers devoted to Vishnu (or his avatar like Rama or Krishna).
Most Shaiva sadhus wear a Tripundra mark on their forehead, dress in saffron, red or orange color clothes, and live a monastic life.
Some sadhus such as the Aghori share the practices of ancient Kapalikas, where they beg with a skull, smeared their body with ashes from the cremation ground, and experiment with substances or practices that are generally abhorred by society.
They are said to have been formed by the philosopher and renunciant Adi Shankara, believed to have lived in the 8th century CE, though the full history of the sect's formation is not clear.
Said to have once functioned as an armed order to protect Hindus from the Mughal rulers, they were involved in a number of military defence campaigns.
In many cases, the women that take to the life of renunciation are widows, and these types of sadhvis often live secluded lives in ascetic compounds.
The Digambara sadhus own no clothes as a part of their interpretation of Five vows, and they live their ascetic austere lives in nakedness.
According to a 2009 publication by Harvey J. Sindima, Jain monastic community had 6,000 sadhvis of which less than 100 belong to the Digambara tradition and rest to Svetambara.
The processes and rituals of becoming a sadhu vary with sect; in almost all sects, a sadhu is initiated by a guru, who bestows upon the initiate a new name, as well as a mantra, (or sacred sound or phrase), which is generally known only to the sadhu and the guru and may be repeated by the initiate as part of meditative practice.
It is supposed to be the fourth phase in a Hindu's life, after studies, being a father and a pilgrim, but for most it is not a practical option.
The guru decides whether the person is eligible to take sannyasa by observing the sisya (the person who wants to become a sadhu or sanyasi).
Kumbh Mela, a mass-gathering of sadhus from all parts of India, takes place every three years at one of four points along sacred rivers in India, including the holy River Ganges.
Millions of non-sadhu pilgrims also attend the festivals, and the Kumbh Mela is the largest gathering of human beings for a single religious purpose on the planet.
His parents were Hedvig Strömgren (née Lidforss) and Elis Strömgren, who was professor of astronomy at the University of Copenhagen and director of the University Observatory in Copenhagen.
His father paced and promoted Bengt into a life with science, and Bengt's first paper was published already at the age of 14.
Only two years later, he graduated in astronomy and atomic physics, and during the following two years, he completed a doctoral degree, which was evaluated with the best marks in December 1929, when he was 21 years old.
He gained a great deal of useful experience from his studies in theoretical physics at Niels Bohr's Institute close by, and he was at the right place at the right time.
He soon found out that he intended to use the fresh theoretical framework of quantum physics in space, and investigate the applications of quantum mechanics in stars.
But only one year later it was given to him anyway — he was the best, regardless of his employer being also his own father.
After being appointed as lecturer at the university in 1932, Strömgren was invited to the University of Chicago in 1936 by Otto Struve.
Going abroad for 18 months meant a lot to the young researcher, and when he went back to Denmark and to the rising national socialism in Europe, he succeeded his father's professorship in 1940.
During five years of isolation, under the German occupation of Denmark, he initiated the building of a new Danish Observatory, the Brorfelde Observatory.
But after the Second World War, Bengt Strömgren became tired of lacking state funding for the project, and with a stagnant national economy, he felt that he had to leave Danish research, which he did in 1951.
He went to the United States and became director of the Yerkes and McDonald Observatories, and stayed there for six years.
In 1957, he was appointed the first professor of theoretical astrophysics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he got Albert Einstein's office.
He stayed at Princeton with his family until 1967, when he went back to his homeland Denmark, and became the next to the last resident in a series of great Danish scientists of the Carlsberg Mansion and Honor, which had earlier been occupied by Niels Bohr among others.
In the late 1930s, he found the relative abundance of hydrogen to be nearly 70%, and helium to be about 27%.
Apart from the Danish observatory of Brorfelde, Strömgren was active in the early organisation of the joint European observatory of ESO in La Silla.
The knight-errant is a character that has broken away from the world of his origin, in order to go off on his own to right wrongs or to test and assert his own chivalric ideals.
The template of the knight-errant were the heroes of the Round Table of the Arthurian cycle such as Gawain, Lancelot, and Percival.
Tales of knight-errantry then fell out of fashion for two centuries, until they re-emerged in the form of the historical novel in Romanticism.
A knight-errant typically performed all his deeds in the name of a lady, and invoked her name before performing an exploit.
In more sublimated forms of knight-errantry, pure moralist idealism rather than romantic inspiration motivated the knight-errant (as in the case of Sir Galahad).
Such a knight might well be outside the structure of feudalism, wandering solely to perform noble exploits (and perhaps to find a lord to give his service to), but might also be in service to a king or lord, traveling either in pursuit of a specific duty that his overlord charged him with, or to put down evildoers in general.
This quest sends a knight on adventures much like the ones of a knight in search of them, as he happens on the same marvels.
Both characters share a number of aspects and traits; both are rooted in the myths of a past that no longer exists, and both live by codes of conduct from a previous era.
In Jean Giraudoux’s play, Ondine, which starred Audrey Hepburn on Broadway in 1954, a knight-errant appears, during a storm, at the humble home of a fisherman and his wife.
Hedge knights travel the length and breadth of Westeros looking for gainful employment, and their name comes from the propensity to sleep out in the open air or in forests when they cannot afford lodging.
There is even a popular literary tradition that arose during the Tang Dynasty which centered on Negrito-slaves who used supernatural physical abilities to save kidnapped damsels in distress and to swim to the bottom of raging rivers to retrieve treasures for their Feudal Lords (see Kunlun Nu).
In Japan, the expression Musha shugyō described a Samurai who, wanting to test his abilities in real life conditions, would travel the land and engage in duels along the way.
The Commission for Dark Skies (CfDS) (formerly the Campaign for Dark Skies; the name was changed on March 29, 2015) is the United Kingdom's largest anti-light-pollution campaign group forming part of the international dark-sky movement.
It is run by the British Astronomical Association (BAA) and affiliated with the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), and composed of a network of local officers (and other members) who try to improve lighting in their areas and advise local people.
It is now open to non-members of the BAA, includes lighting engineers and environmentalists, and campaigns on the wider effects of light pollution.
CfDS's work with the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee on legislating against light pollution has resulted in the government including provisions in their Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Bill.
In the novels, Wibberley goes beyond the merely comic, placing the tiny nation (15 square miles/39 square kilometres) in absurd situations so as to comment satirically on contemporary politics and events.
The Duchy of Grand Fenwick is described as no more than five miles (8 km) long and three miles (5 km) wide and lies in a fold in the Northern Alps.
About 2 miles (3 km) from the City of Fenwick is a Forest Preserve that features a 20-foot (6.1 m) waterfall and attracts many birds that the nation claims as its own native birds.
The Duchy takes its name from its founder, the English knight Sir Roger Fenwick who, while employed by France, settled there with his followers in 1370.
Internal evidence points to the Duchy being in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France, near (or on top of) Les Gras.
However, in the fourth book of the Mouse series, there are two cars in Grand Fenwick, a 1947 Daimler belonging to the Duchess Gloriana, and the other, a 1927 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, belonging to the Count of Mountjoy.
In the film, she thinks the President of the United States is Calvin Coolidge, and she owns the only motorcar in the Duchy–a 1920s' hand-cranked model.
The nation has two political parties, the Dilutionists (or Her Grace's Loyal Opposition), led by David Bentner, and the Anti-Dilutionists, led by Count Mountjoy, the Prime Minister.
The Grand Fenwick Expeditionary Force consists of 20 bowmen selected from 700 in the Duchy and three men-at-arms selected from 20 who have the right to carry spear and mace.
They are led by Forester Tully Bascomb, appointed High Constable, and Serjeant-at-Arms Will Buckley (who had World War II experience with the British Army).
The longbow is a vital part of the country's history, its borders originally determined by the distance a platoon of bowmen could shoot in each direction.
(In real life at the time, the extent of a country's territorial waters were defined by the three-mile limit, which is traditionally thought to be based on the effective range of a cannon fired from coastal land toward the sea).
Grand Fenwick then plans an attack on the United States, certain this will lead to immediate defeat followed by generous American aid.
One captive is the inventor of the Q-bomb, and the Duchy finds itself the possessor of the only working model of this devastating weapon.
In an attempt to dispose of a sizable royalty payment from an American chewing gum company by investing it in failing companies, Duchess Gloriana finds she has the Midas touch for the stock market, and in a flurry of rumor and assumption, the Duchy becomes a financial superpower.
In the shared alternate history of Ill Bethisad (1997 and after), Grand Fenwick is an actual country located between France and Helvetia (this world's version of Switzerland).
Each EC train is operated by more than one European Union or Swiss rail company, under a multilateral co-operative arrangement, and all EC trains link important European cities with each other.
The EuroCity schedule was designed with train pairs running one train in both directions, thus resulting in a more frequent service than the TEE, which normally ran only once a day.
Originally, all EuroCity trains carried names, and many still do, continuing the practice started with luxury trains of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The names are printed on brochures showing the times of arrival and departure at every stop and details of the journey; these are placed on the seats by the train staff.
The names were mostly related to the cities and region the trains served and chosen from historical or mythological figures, geographical and botanical names or regional products.
In 1991, the decision was made to name the EuroCity services after famous Europeans, which in some cases resulted in the renaming of existing services, e.g.
On 29 July 1991, the European Community decided to reorganise the legal structure of the railways in order to stimulate commercial operation and reduce government subsidies.
The directive, in force in 1993, stated that railway services and infrastructure should be split and operators should be able to offer their services everywhere in Europe using the national infrastructure.
High-speed services that have been introduced subsequently, using both new rolling stock and some newly built line sections, have all used brand names that are applied to all trains of their class or category, rather than naming every single service.
Between the Netherlands and Germany the Intercity-Express (ICE) was introduced in 2000, resulting in the near disappearance of the EuroCity brand on those train routes, and with it the use of train names.
Preparations for privatisation of Deutsche Bahn led to the discontinuation of names for the EuroCity services in Allgäu on 15 December 2002, and for the other German-operated EC trains on 12 December 2004.
Initially, this will only be used for a single service; the Frankfurt (Main) to Milan service operated by SBB with their ETR 610 high-speed tilting train.
The network grew from 64 services in 1987 to 76 services in 1990, and in 1991 the frequency was improved, resulting in an expansion to 102 services by 1991.
After the historic developments occurring in Central and Eastern Europe regarding the fall of Communism around that time, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia became part of the system in 1991, and Poland in 1992.
In 1993 the night services were rebranded as the EuroNight network, the start of a gradual decline in the number of EuroCity trains in Western Europe.
When high-speed lines opened in France, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Belgium/Netherlands/Luxembourg, the EuroCity services were replaced by high-speed trains, mostly with their own brands and therefore not classified as EuroCity.
In Central and Eastern Europe more services were introduced, and over a period of 25 years the centre of the EC network had shifted east.
During the pre-Schengen era, passport checks were conducted on EC trains while in motion, rather than while parked at a station or requiring the passengers to disembark, as was sometimes the case for non-EC trains.
A few require pre-reservation (though this is possible and recommended for all other trains) and in some countries a supplemental charge.
The Leader of the Opposition in Australian federal politics by convention, is a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives.
The position is held by the leader of the party not in government that has the most seats in the House.
When in parliament, the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the centre table, in front of the Opposition and opposite the Prime Minister.
It is an important component of the Westminster system, with the Opposition directing criticism at the Government and attempts to defeat and replace the Government.
The current Leader of the Opposition is Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party, following an election of the new Parliamentary Labor Leader by caucus and ALP members on 30 May 2019.
The current Deputy Leader of the Opposition is Richard Marles, who was elected deputy leader of the ALP on the same date.
Lively Island () is the largest of the Lively Island Group of the Falkland Islands, The island group lies east of East Falkland.
Lively is rat-free but with a century and a half of grazing little tussac grass remains and there are many large patches of eroded ground.
North East Island which is just off the coast of Lively, was the site of a rat eradication programme in 2003.
Birds for which the site is of conservation significance include Falkland steamer ducks, ruddy-headed geese, gentoo penguins (650 breeding pairs), Magellanic penguins, southern giant petrels (40 pairs), white-bridled finches, blackish cinclodes and Cobb's wrens.
Armored Core is a mecha-based video game series developed by FromSoftware for the PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and mobile phone platforms.
Story elements vary widely throughout the series but gameplay is generally focused on the player's character as a silent protagonist, acting as a mercenary, completing missions assigned by various in-game corporations and individuals.
The player's character pilots his or her mecha (armored core) to perform duties such as destroying enemy units/facilities or protecting a designated element from the attack by the opposing forces.
The game places a heavy emphasis on customization; the structure of the mecha the player uses in combat is standardized and modular, consisting of a number of interchangeable parts.
The mecha is composed from parts the player obtains by finding them in missions, fulfilling certain requirements, or by buying them from an in-game shop.
Money is earned by finishing missions; typically each mission has a set reward for its completion from which deductions are made based on damage taken, amount of ammunition used, and completion time.
It is the largest of the Speedwell Island group, which includes the Elephant Cays, George Island, Barren Island, and Annie Island.
One of the largest rodent-free islands in the Falklands, Speedwell Island has a thriving population of native songbirds, seabirds, and penguins.
The breeding colony of South American sea lions in Speedwell Pass produces about 90 pups annually, and the animals haul out on most of the group's islands, including Speedwell Island itself.
The island has also been operated as a sheep farm for more than a century, leading to serious soil erosion in coastal areas due to overgrazing.
Among the ship's 54 passengers and crew, all of whom survived the wreck, was the United Irish general and exile Joseph Holt, who subsequently detailed the ordeal in his memoirs.
The next day, 22 February 1813, six men who had volunteered to seek help from any nearby Spanish outposts that they could find set out in one of the Isabella's longboats.
Braving the South Atlantic in a boat little more than , they made landfall on the mainland at the River Plate just over a month later.
Having seen smoke and heard gunshots the previous day, he was alert to the possibility of survivors of a ship wreck.
This suspicion was heightened when the crew of the boat came aboard and informed Barnard that they had come across a new moccasin as well as the partially butchered remains of a seal.
At dinner that evening, the crew observed a man approaching the ship who was shortly joined by eight to ten others.
The British admiral in Rio de Janeiro had requested their masters to divert to the area to search for the American crew.
The 1837 survey of the Falkland Islands by under the command of Lieutenant Robert Lowcay noted that there were wild pigs on the island.
In 1929, Alexander Dugas, a Frenchman employed on Sealion Island committed suicide and his companions felt it necessary to inform the authorities.
The lack of a harbor on Sealion Island meant, however, that no boat of any size could be kept on the island, and so a determined individual named Benny Davis constructed a makeshift craft from wooden barrels and launched it into the surf.
The Speedwell Island group (excluding the Elephant Cays, which form a separate IBA) has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area.
Birds for which the site is of conservation significance include blackish cinclodes, Cobb's wrens, dolphin gulls (500 breeding pairs), Falkland steamer ducks (600 pairs), Magellanic penguins (10,000 pairs), ruddy-headed geese, sooty shearwaters, southern giant petrels (1,000 pairs), striated caracaras, and white-bridled finches.
The sitcom stars Christopher Hewett in the title role, who takes a job as a butler with an American family headed by George Owens, played by Bob Uecker.
At the show's start, older son Kevin (Rob Stone) is a senior in high school, daughter Heather (Tracy Wells) is a freshman, and Wesley (Brice Beckham) is in elementary school.
Over the course of the series, George becomes a sportscaster (a career shared with Uecker, who balanced his role as the longtime play-by-play announcer for the Milwaukee Brewers while starring in the series), Marsha graduates from law school and starts a career as a lawyer, Kevin leaves for college and gets his own apartment, Heather moves up in high school, and Wesley moves up to junior high.
Several episodes deal with the relationship between Wesley and Mr. Belvedere, who are always at odds with each other, with Wesley constantly antagonizing Belvedere.
Danny is taken out of school due to the ignorance and uncertainty that is shared by the parents of many of the other children at Wesley's school.
After hearing rumors from his friends about how HIV can be spread, leading them to shun him if he keeps spending time with Danny, Wesley begins to avoid Danny in fear of getting the disease himself.
Mr. Belvedere is there for him and the child, and he helps Wesley to shed his fear of the boy and publicly accept him as his friend.
Wesley's highly acrimonious relationship with the never-seen next door neighbors, the Hufnagels, and the shenanigans he pulls on them is another recurring plot element.
Three pilots for a proposed series based on the Belvedere character were made during the 1950s and 1960s; a 1956 attempt starring Reginald Gardiner, a 1959 effort with Hans Conried, and a 1965 version starring Victor Buono in the title role.
Both Dungan (who hailed from Philadelphia) and Stein (who is from Cleveland) admitted to never having been to Pittsburgh prior to developing the series, though Dungan's sister attended Carnegie Mellon University.
The producers educated themselves on Pittsburgh locales with a promotional calendar provided by the Pittsburgh Media Group (PMG), a consortium of public officials and Western Pennsylvania media.
Dungan and Stein used it for story ideas during season one after the PMG pitched several studio groups in Los Angeles in January 1985.
This sequence consisted of a purple family portrait book, with pictures of the cast (including a picture of George at his Construction job), set to the original version of theme song.
This version was only used on the original unaired version of the pilot; the broadcast version used the second variation (see below).
Similar to the original unaired Pilot, but now with a beige family portrait book, some of the cast pictures changed (most notably, George at his Construction job), and Leon Redbone singing the theme.
It was then followed by Belvedere as different people (including a Man on Safari), followed by photos and clips from season one episodes, as well as general photos of the cast from said season.
Factory DVDs of Seasons One & Two, this version was kept as is on all the season two episodes, but plastered the season one opening on episodes 2-7.
Now, it began with Mr. Belvedere writing in his journal, followed by the camera zooming in to the fictional World Focus magazine, with Belvedere on the front cover for the title card.
The photos were updated to reflect how the cast looked in season three, and most of the season one clips were now replaced with scenes from season two episodes.
In Season six, it was updated once more to feature clips from season five episodes, and new positions of Brice Beckham on the couch.
In early Syndication reruns, the short season four/five opening was used on all the episodes, with the exception of season six; early reruns of season six used the short open from said season.
Its first season (1985) was exempt from the Nielsen ratings as it aired too few episodes before the end of April to be counted.
At the end of the 1986-87 season, ABC decided to cancel the show after three seasons, but negative feedback from fans of the series led the network to reverse its decision and order a fourth season that debuted in October 1987.
The final episode to air before it was put on hiatus on December 30, 1989 ranked #70 out of 83 shows.
The two-part finale, which aired on July 1 and July 8, 1990, ranked #59 and #37, respectively, out of the 86 shows that aired during those weeks.
On September 11, 1989, (about the time the show entered its final season), and continuing in sporadically until 1997, it was seen in local syndication on select Fox affiliates.
Along with the addition of seasons four through six, ten previously unaired episodes (two from season five and eight from season six), were also added to the syndication package.
The syndication package initially consisted of all 95 half-hour episodes produced up until the end of season five in 1989; the following year, season six (the remaining 22 half-hour episodes) was finally included in the package.
In the early 2000s, reruns of the series aired on Foxnet (a master feed of the Fox network for markets without a local affiliate, which aired syndicated programs outside of network programming), and on CTS in Canada from 2002 to 2004.
Around November 2012, Dish Network began broadcasting FamilyNet's successor channel, Rural TV, making the show viewable throughout the U.S. on weeknights (with commercial bumpers intact briefly).
Factory does not have the DVD rights to seasons five and six, and has been involved in protracted negotiations to acquire those remaining episodes (46 in total) for future releases.
Believing that Belvedere has kidnapped his family and for some reason wants him dead, Peter rampages across town in an effort to destroy him and save his family.
But later in the game, Lois confronts Peter, telling him that there is no Mr. Belvedere, that his actor had already died, and that he had destroyed half of Quahog looking for Belvedere.
Later at the Drunken Clam, Peter is confronted by Belvedere again, who rips off a disguise revealing none other than Ernie the Giant Chicken.
After defeating Ernie and rejoining his family, Peter sees the Belvedere spotlight again, which turns out to be Adam West making shadow puppets.
Prehistoric art in England largely corresponds with art made elsewhere in contemporary Britain, but early medieval Anglo-Saxon art saw the development of a distinctly English style, and English art continued thereafter to have a distinct character.
English art made after the formation in 1707 of the Kingdom of Great Britain may be regarded in most respects simultaneously as art of the United Kingdom.
The English Reformation, which was antipathetic to art, not only brought this tradition to an abrupt stop but resulted in the destruction of almost all wall-paintings.
There is in the art of the English Renaissance a strong interest in portraiture, and the portrait miniature was more popular in England than anywhere else.
The earliest English art - also Europe's earliest and northernmost cave art - is located at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire, estimated at between 13,000 and 15,000 years old.
In 2003, more than 80 engravings and bas-reliefs, depicting deer, bison, horses, and what may be birds or bird-headed people were found there.
This style continued into the Roman period, beginning in the 1st century BC, and found a renaissance in the Medieval period.
The arrival of the Romans brought the Classical style of which many monuments have survived, especially funerary monuments, statues and busts.
After Roman rule, Anglo-Saxon art brought the incorporation of Germanic traditions, as may be seen in the metalwork of Sutton Hoo.
Anglo-Saxon sculpture was outstanding for its time, at least in the small works in ivory or bone which are almost all that survive.
Especially in Northumbria, the Insular art style shared across the British Isles produced the finest work being produced in Europe, until the Viking raids and invasions largely suppressed the movement; the Book of Lindisfarne is one example certainly produced in Northumbria.
Anglo-Saxon art developed a very sophisticated variation on contemporary Continental styles, seen especially in metalwork and illuminated manuscripts such as the Benedictional of St. Æthelwold.
By the first half of the 11th century, English art benefited from lavish patronage by a wealthy Anglo-Saxon elite, who valued above all works in precious metals.
but the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 brought a sudden halt to this art boom, and instead works were melted down or removed to Normandy.
The so-called Bayeux Tapestry - the large, English-made, embroidered cloth depicting events leading up to the Norman conquest - dates to the late 11th century.
Some decades after the Norman conquest, manuscript painting in England was soon again among the best of any in Europe; in Romanesque works such as the Winchester Bible and the St. Albans Psalter, and then in early Gothic ones like the Tickhill Psalter.
Some of the rare surviving examples of English medieval panel paintings, such as the Westminster Retable and Wilton Diptych, are of the highest quality.
From the late 14th century to the early 16th century, England had a considerable industry in Nottingham alabaster reliefs for mid-market altarpieces and small statues, which were exported across Northern Europe.
Other notable English artists across the period include: Nathaniel Bacon (1585–1627); John Bettes the Elder (active c. 1531–1570) and John Bettes the Younger (died 1616); George Gower (c.1540–1596), William Larkin (early 1580s–1619), and Robert Peake the Elder (c. 1551–1619).
The artists of the Tudor court and their successors until the early 18th century included a number of influential imported talents: Hans Holbein the Younger, Anthony van Dyck, Peter Paul Rubens, Orazio Gentileschi and his daughter Artemisia, Sir Peter Lely (a naturalised English subject from 1662), and Sir Godfrey Kneller (a naturalised English subject by the time of his 1691 knighthood).
Samuel Cooper (1609-1672) was an accomplished miniaturist in Hilliard's tradition, as was his brother Alexander Cooper (1609-1660), and their uncle, John Hoskins (1589/1590–1664).
Other notable portraitists of the period include: Thomas Flatman (1635-1688), Richard Gibson (1615-1690), the dissolute John Greenhill (c. 1644-1676), John Riley (1646-1691), and John Michael Wright (1617-1694).
English women began painting professionally in the 17th century; notable examples include Joan Carlile (c. 1606–79), and Mary Beale (née Cradock; 1633-1699).
In the first half of the 17th century the English nobility became important collectors of European art, led by King Charles I and Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel.
In the 18th century, English painting's distinct style and tradition continued to concentrate frequently on portraiture, but interest in landscapes increased, and a new focus was placed on history painting, which was regarded as the highest of the hierarchy of genres, and is exemplified in the extraordinary work of Sir James Thornhill (1675/1676-1734).
William Hogarth (1697-1764) reflected the burgeoning English middle-class temperament — English in habits, disposition, and temperament, as well as by birth.
One of the genres in which Hogarth worked was the conversation piece, a form in which certain of his contemporaries also excelled: Joseph Highmore (1692-1780), Francis Hayman (1708-1776), and Arthur Devis (1712–1787).
Portraits were in England, as in Europe, the easiest and most profitable way for an artist to make a living, and the English tradition continued to show the relaxed elegance of the portrait-style traceable to Van Dyck.
Joseph Wright of Derby (1734-1797) was well known for his candlelight pictures; George Stubbs (1724-1806) and, later, Edwin Henry Landseer (1802-1873) for their animal paintings.
In the popular imagination English landscape painting from the 18th century onwards typifies English art, inspired largely from the love of the pastoral and mirroring as it does the development of larger country houses set in a pastoral rural landscape.
Two English Romantics are largely responsible for raising the status of landscape painting worldwide: John Constable (1776-1837) and J. M. W. Turner (1775-1851), who is credited with elevating landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting.
Other notable 18th and 19th century landscape painters include: George Arnald (1763-1841); John Linnell (1792-1882), a rival to Constable in his time; George Morland (1763-1804), who developed on Francis Barlow's tradition of animal and rustic painting; Samuel Palmer (1805-1881); Paul Sandby (1731-1809), who is recognised as the father of English watercolour painting; and subsequent watercolourists John Robert Cozens (1752-1797), Turner's friend Thomas Girtin (1775-1802), and Thomas Heaphy (1775–1835).
The early 19th century saw the emergence of the Norwich school of painters, the first provincial art movement outside of London.
Its members — William Holman Hunt (1827-1910), Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), John Everett Millais (1828-1896) and others — concentrated on religious, literary, and genre works executed in a colorful and minutely detailed, almost photographic style.
Leading English art critic John Ruskin (1819-1900) was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century; from the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas.
William Morris (1834-1896), founder of the Arts and Crafts Movement, emphasised the value of traditional craft skills which seemed to be in decline in the mass industrial age.
Notable English military artists include: John Edward Chapman 'Chester' Mathews (1843-1927); Lady Butler (1846-1933); Frank Dadd (1851-1929); Edward Matthew Hale (1852-1924); Charles Edwin Fripp (1854-1906); Richard Caton Woodville, Jr. (1856-1927); Harry Payne (1858–1927); George Delville Rowlandson (1861-1930); and Edgar Alfred Holloway (1870-1941).
To the end of the 19th century, the art of Aubrey Beardsley (1872-1898) contributed to the development of Art Nouveau, and suggested, among other things, an interest in the visual art of Japan.
Impressionism found a focus in the New English Art Club, founded in 1886. Notable members included Walter Sickert (1860-1942) and Philip Wilson Steer (1860-1942), two English painters with coterminous lives who became influential in the 20th century.
Steer's sea and landscape paintings made him a leading Impressionist, but later work displays a more traditional English style, influenced by both Constable and Turner.
He was among the most important landscape artists of the first half of the twentieth century, and the artworks he produced during World War I are among the most iconic images of the conflict.
Nash attended the Slade School of Art, where the remarkable generation of artists who studied under the influential Henry Tonks (1862-1937) included, too, Harold Gilman (1876-1919), Spencer Gore (1878-1914), David Bomberg (1890-1957), Stanley Spencer (1891-1959), Mark Gertler (1891-1939), and Roger Hilton (1911-1975).
He co-founded the Vorticist movement in art, and after becoming better known for his writing than his painting in the 1920s and early 1930s he returned to more concentrated work on visual art, with paintings from the 1930s and 1940s constituting some of his best-known work.
Modernist sculpture was exemplified by English artists Henry Moore (1898-1986), well known for his carved marble and larger-scale abstract cast bronze sculptures, and Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975), who was a leading figure in the colony of artists who resided in St Ives, Cornwall during World War II.
Lancastrian L. S. Lowry (1887-1976) became famous for his scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West England in the mid-20th century.
Notable English artists of the mid-20th century and after include: Graham Sutherland (1903-1980); Carel Weight (1908-1997); Ruskin Spear (1911-1990); pop art pioneers Richard Hamilton (1922-2011), Peter Blake (b.
Following the development of Postmodernism, English art became in some respect synonymous toward the end of the 20th century with the Turner Prize; the prize, established in 1984 and named with ostensibly credible intentions after J. M. W. Turner, earned for latterday English art a reputation arguably to its detriment.
While the Turner Prize establishment satisfied itself with weak conceptual homages to authentic iconoclasts like Duchamp and Manzoni, it spurned original talents such as Beryl Cook (1926-2008).
The installation at the Tower of London between July and November 2014 commemorated the centenary of the outbreak of World War I; it consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppies, each intended to represent one British or Colonial serviceman killed in the War.
Hewett was born in Worthing, Sussex to an army officer father and an Irish mother who was a descendant of Daniel O'Connell.
Austin was born as Lemeul Eugene Lucas in Gainesville, Texas (north of Dallas), to Nova Lucas (died 1943) and the former Serena Belle Harrell (died 1956).
On a dare from his friends, Austin took the stage and sang for the first time since singing as a Southern Baptist choir boy.
Austin joined the U.S. Army at the age of 15 in hopes of being dispatched to Europe to fight in World War I.
His familiarity with horses from helping his stepfather in his blacksmithing business also prompted the Army to assign Austin to the cavalry and send him to Mexico with General John Pershing's Pancho Villa Expedition, for which he was awarded the Mexican Service Medal.
Austin worked briefly in a club owned by Lou Clayton, who later was a part of the famous vaudeville team Clayton, Jackson and Durante.
His first recording was surreptitiously providing the vocals for the Tennessee guitarist George Reneau, whose own voice did not record well.
Colonel Tom Parker, who later became Elvis Presley's manager, gradually worked his way into the music business when he began to promote Gene Austin in 1938.
In the 1940s, Austin and his singers toured the country in a 14-truck caravan with its own power plant and cook house.
He stopped in Minden, Louisiana, and performed there in a popular tent show on the grounds of the local Coca-Cola plant owned by the Hunter family.
With the advent of electronic recording, Austin, along with Rudy Vallee, Art Gillham, Nick Lucas, Johnny Marvin and Cliff Edwards, adopted an intimate, radio-friendly, close-miked style that took over from the full-voiced, stage-friendly style of tenor vocals popularized by such singers as Henry Burr and Billy Murray.
Such later crooners as Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Russ Columbo all credited Austin with creating the musical genre that began their careers.
He died in Palm Springs of lung cancer and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.
Bleaker Island is long, narrow and low-lying and the southern tip of the Island is separated from Lafonia by a thin stretch of water named 'The Jump'.
The island is no wider than at any point and tapers to several thin necks of land at various points down its length.
The east coast of the island is characterised by low cliffs, interspersed with sand and pebble beaches and gulches and is directly exposed to the Atlantic Ocean.
The island was managed by Arthur Cobb, a locally well-known agriculturalist and amateur naturalist, in the early 20th century who wrote a book on the subject, containing forty six of his own black and white photographs.
The most famous of these was the French tall ship 'Cassard' wrecked on the southern tip of the Island carrying a cargo of coal in May 1906.
The Island has been run as an organic sheep and cattle farm by Mike and Phyll Rendell since 1999, and has the small Bleaker Island Settlement located on an isthmus in the centre of its length.
Breeding species include rockhopper, Magellanic and gentoo penguins, king and rock cormorants, many small bird species and several birds of prey, including striated and southern caracaras.
It can be made from a number of materials, such as ceramics, glass, non-rusting metals, such as aluminium, brass, bronze, or stainless steel.
Even wood has been used to make vases, either by using tree species that naturally resist rot, such as teak, or by applying a protective coating to conventional wood.
Some vases have a shoulder, where the body curves inward, a neck, which gives height, and a lip, where the vase flares back out at the top.
Various styles and types of vases have been developed around the world in different time periods, such as Chinese ceramics and Native American pottery.
Such pieces may be referred to as vases regardless of their shape; most were in fact used for holding or serving liquids, and many would more naturally be called cups, jugs and so on.
There is a long history of the form and function of the vase in almost all developed cultures, and often ceramic objects are all the artistic evidence left from vanished cultures.
The potter's wheel was probably invented in Mesopotamia by the 4th millennium BCE, but spread across nearly all Eurasia and much of Africa, though it remained unknown in the New World until the arrival of Europeans.
The discovery of this technique was beneficial to the people of south Iraq because it served as a substitute for their previous inefficient traditions.
Guy Williams (born Armando Joseph Catalano; January 14, 1924 – April 30, 1989) was an American actor and former fashion model.
He usually played swashbuckling action heroes in the 1950s and 1960s, but never quite achieved movie-star status, despite his appearance (including hazel eyes, [1m 90 cm] height, and 190 lb [86 kg] weight) and charisma, which helped launch his early successful photographic modeling career.
During most of the 1970s, Guy Williams frequently visited and worked in television shows in Argentina, where he was most revered.
Guy Williams was born of Sicilian parentage on January 14, 1924, as Armando Joseph Catalano in the Washington Heights area of New York City.
His parents, insurance broker Attilio and Clare Catalano, were from the island of Sicily, and were by then living in poverty.
When he decided not to continue studying, his mother, who later became an executive of a foreign film company, was disappointed because it was expected that he would follow in his father's footsteps as an insurance broker.
After working as a welder, cost accountant and aircraft-parts inspector during World War II, Williams became a salesman in the luggage department at Wanamaker's.
In 1948, to advertise cigarettes while skiing, Williams did an extensive filming trip accompanied by Janice Cooper, a beautiful John Robert Powers model.
During the long photographic sessions, they fell in love, marrying on December 8, just after they returned to New York City.
By 1950, Williams was filming some of the pioneering television commercials in the U.S. His father died in 1951, never to witness his son's rise to fame.
In 1953, he suffered a serious accident when he fell from a horse and was dragged over 200 yards, resulting in a long scar on his left shoulder.
Williams resumed his professional training in fencing with the Belgian champion Fred Cavens (who also trained Douglas Fairbanks, Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power), since the show required sword fights in most episodes.
The theme song was composed by Norman Foster and George Bruns and performed by The Mellomen; it reached #17 on the Hit Parade.
Williams found himself forced out of the series after only five episodes despite being originally slated to become one of the four permanent leads.
He originally was to replace Pernell Roberts (Adam Cartwright), who had planned to leave the show at the end of that season, thus allowing the format with four regular leads to continue.
When Williams had first visited Argentina in 1973 he was taken by the admiration and fascination the Argentine people expressed for him and his character of El Zorro.
Williams even formed a circus (Circo Real Madrid) with the local fencing champion -and later actor- Fernando Lupiz, traveling all over South America (1977).
Owing to his great popularity in Argentina, his ashes lay for two years at the Argentine Actors' Society cemetery at La Recoleta Cemetery.
A collection of original Zorro short stories, some inspired specifically by Guy Williams, was edited by Richard Dean Starr and released in 2008.
According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University, who has reported that he was tortured in 1971 by its founder, Veli Küçük, JİTEM is an embodiment of the deep state.
Its roots lie further back with the Counter-Guerrilla: JİTEM used Counter-Guerrilla methods and possibly equipment, and key figures had been involved with the Counter-Guerrilla.
For example, Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University says he was tortured in 1971 by a key JİTEM figure, Veli Küçük.
When İsmail Hakkı Karadayı assumed the role of chief of general staff, (30 August 1994 – 30 August 1998), news stating the dissolution of JİTEM were leaked to the press.
The last declaration about JİTEM's dissolution came in 2004 from the former Commander of the Gendarmerie in the State of Emergency Region (Olağanüstü Hal, OHAL), retired Lieutenant- General Altay Tokat.
The former chair of Diyarbakır Bar Association, Sezgin Tanrıkulu, however claims that JİTEM was not dissolved, but the cadres were not active at the moment.
JİTEM was made a legal entity through Article 5 of the Law 2803 on the Establishment, Duties and Jurisdiction of Gendarmerie and Article 4 of the Law Concerning the Transfer of Our Borders, Coasts and Territorial Waters' Protection and Anti-Smuggling Activities to the Ministry of Internal Affairs No.
The gendarmerie intelligence, previously known as JİTEM or JİT, finally gained legal status with the Law Concerning Amendments to Some Laws No.
5397, accepted on 3 July 2005, effective since 23 July 2005 thus becoming the Gendarmerie Intelligence Department within the General Command of Gendarmerie.
Önal had learned about it from Veli Küçük after being introduced to him through MIT spy and fellow journalist, Tuncay Güney.
JİTEM was subjected to parliamentary scrutiny during the Susurluk scandal, when commanders in the Gendarmerie repeatedly denied the existence of an overarching intelligence organization within the Gendarmerie.
Susurluk commission member Fikri Sağlar said that the commanders denied its existence because the Gendarmerie formally acquired the legal capacity to conduct intelligence operations in 2005 (with Law 5397).
The author of the Prime Ministry Inspection Board report, Kutlu Savaş, said JİTEM was created on Gendarmerie Commander Hulusi Sayın's watch (1981–1985).
The Parliamentary Investigation Committee's report on Unsolved Political Murders in Various Regions of Our Country (10/90) dated 12 October 1995 and the summary by Istanbul National Security Court General Prosecutor dated 30 January 1997 are also worthy of consideration.
The appendix of the book contains documents such as the 1994 phone directory of the General Command of Gendarmerie, which contained the numbers of the JİTEM Group Commander and JİTEM units in each city.
Revelations have recently come from an informant named Abdülkadir Aygan (a former PKK member recruited by JİTEM, now a political refugee in Sweden) that it was founded by retired general Veli Küçük, who is currently arrested in the Ergenekon investigations.
Other people allegedly involved in its founding are Ahmet Cem Ersever, Arif Doğan, Hasan Kundakçı, Hüseyin Kara, Hulusi Sayın and Aytekin Özen, according to Aygan.
After being taken into custody, Arif Doğan admitted to being a founder of the organization, originally known as the Intelligence Group Command (), and that in 1990 he handed the reins to Veli Küçük.
JİTEM was founded to counter the guerilla tactics of the PKK, but its units never directly clashed with armed groups of the PKK in the rural areas.
The inefficiency in the intelligence network made it impossible for land forces to perform specific operations, to prevent terror raids and to develop a strategy against PKK front activities.
The spokesperson of the Movement of Kurdish Democrats Ahmet Acar alleged that JİTEM fomented infighting in the PKK, while ensuring the perpetuation of both of the PKK, and by extension, itself.
Numerous people who claim to be or are purported to be JİTEM operatives have been accused of crimes such as kidnapping, intimidation, and extra-judicial killings of PKK members.
JİTEM interrogators are especially brutal since they belong to an organization that ostensibly does not exist, and hence they are not accountable.
Tuncay Güney, a former spy for the National Intelligence Organization who infiltrated JİTEM, alleged that Veli Küçük's men, working for JİTEM, killed people using acid and buried the corpses in wells belonging to the state-owned Turkish Pipeline Corporation, BOTAŞ.
According to intelligence units, 1550 unsolved murders were committed between 1990-2000 although the PKK claims that the accurate number exceeds 2000.
Vedat Aydın, the Diyarbakır branch chairman of the now-defunct People's Labor Party (HEP), was found dead on a road near Malatya on 7 July 1991, two days after armed men had taken him from his home in Diyarbakir.
The widow Sükran Aydın thinks her husband's murder was a turning point and that there was a sudden increase in the number of unsolved murders in the country's Southeast following his death.
Only 18 years after the killing the public prosecutor in Diyarbakir opened a file seeking the detention of nine JİTEM members including the Major Aytekin Özen.
Aygan said he had been part of a unit, alongside Cem Ersever and Arif Doğan, which had assassinated 72-year-old Kurdish writer Musa Anter in 1992 in Diyarbakır.
Turkey was found guilty of this murder in 2006 by the European Convention on Human Rights, which fined Turkey for 28,500 euros.
Aygan alleges that Arif Doğan and Veli Küçük's superiors in Ankara ordered the assassination in order to take control of JİTEM from Ersever.
All of the local court prison sentences concerning the Yüksekova Gang were cancelled by the High Court of Appeals of Turkey, leading the ECHR to fine Turkey 103,000 Euro for its decisions about the Yüksekova Gang.
Relying on a document as an attachment to the indictment in the Ergenekon case Fırat News Agency presented background on smuggling of JİTEM staff between 1981 and 1990.
These people were suspected of being JİTEM members and were charged with eight unsolved murders, namely the murders of Harbi Arman, Lokman Zuğurli, Zana Zuğurli, Servet Aslan, Şahabettin Latifeci, Ahmet Ceylan, Mehmet Sıddık Etyemez and Abdülkadir Çelikbilek between the years 1992-1994.
Abdülkadir Aygan is one of the 11 or 12 defendants charged with having killed Hacı Ahmet Zeyrek (in Silopi 1989), JİTEM staff member Mehmet Bayar (25 June 1990) and Tahsin Sevim, Hasan Utanç and Hasan Caner on 16 September 1989.
A criminal court in Diyarbakır ruled in 2006 that the defendants were military personnel and should be tried in a military court.
6 started to hear the case of 7 defendants charged with 20 killings that had been committed between 1993 and 1995 when Colonel Cemil Temizöz had been the commander of Cizre Gendarmerie Station in Şırnak province, Cizre district.
Through his career, aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont designed, built, and demonstrated a variety of types of aircraft—balloons, airships (dirigibles), monoplanes, biplanes, and a helicopter.
Otto Johann Maximilian Strasser (also , see ß; 10 September 1897 – 27 August 1974) was a German politician and an early member of the Nazi Party.
He formed the Black Front, a group intended to split the Nazi Party and take it from the grasp of Hitler.
He returned to Germany in 1919 where he served in the Freikorps that put down the Bavarian Soviet Republic which was organized on the principles of workers' councils.
However, he grew increasingly alienated with his party's reformist stance, particularly when it put down a workers' uprising in the Ruhr, and he left the party later that year.
In 1925, he joined the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party), in which his brother, Gregor had been a member for several years, and worked for its newspaper as a journalist, ultimately taking it over with his brother.
He was focused particularly on the socialist elements of the party's programme and led the party's left faction in northern Germany together with his brother and Joseph Goebbels.
His faction advocated support for strikes, nationalisation of banks and industry, and – despite acknowledged differences – closer ties with the Soviet Union.
Some of these policies were opposed by Hitler, who thought they were too radical and too alienating from parts of the German people (middle class and Nazi-supporting nationalist industrialists in particular), and the Strasser faction was defeated at the Bamberg Conference (1926), with Joseph Goebbels joining Hitler.
Humiliated, he nonetheless, along with his brother Gregor, continued as a leading Left Nazi within the Party, until expelled from the NSDAP by Hitler in 1930.
Following his expulsion, he set up his own party, the Black Front, composed of like-minded former NSDAP members, in an attempt to split the Nazi Party.
His party proved unable to counter Hitler's rise to power in 1933, and Strasser spent the years of the Nazi era in exile.
The Nazi Left itself was annihilated during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934 – in which his brother was killed – leaving Hitler as undisputed party leader and able to pacify both industrialists and the military into accepting his new National Socialist regime.
In 1942, he lived for a time in Clarence, Nova Scotia on a farm owned by a German-speaking Czech, Adolph Schmidt, then moved to nearby Paradise where he lived for more than a decade in a rented apartment above a general store.
As an influential and uncondemned former Nazi Party member still faithful to many doctrines of National Socialism, he was initially prevented from returning to West Germany after the war, first by the Allied powers and then by the West German government.
Strasser was invited by East Germany to become a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, but declined in hopes that he would be permitted to return to Bavaria, which was then under US occupation.
For the rest of his life, Strasser continued to advocate for Strasserite National Socialism until his death in Munich in 1974.
During his later life, he claimed to have actively opposed such policies within the national socialist movement; for example, by organizing the removal of Julius Streicher from the German Völkisch Freedom Party.
At low temperatures it approaches a ferroelectric phase transition with a very large dielectric constant ~10 but remains paraelectric down to the lowest temperatures measured as a result of quantum fluctuations, making it a quantum paraelectric.
It was long thought to be a wholly artificial material, until 1982 when its natural counterpart—discovered in Siberia and named tausonite—was recognised by the IMA.
Its most important application has been in its synthesized form wherein it is occasionally encountered as a diamond simulant, in precision optics, in varistors, and in advanced ceramics.
Other than its type locality of the Murun Massif in the Sakha Republic, natural tausonite is also found in Cerro Sarambi, Concepción department, Paraguay; and along the Kotaki River of Honshū, Japan.
SrTiO has an indirect band gap of 3.25 eV and a direct gap of 3.75 eV in the typical range of semiconductors.
At high electron densities strontium titanate becomes superconducting below 0.35 K and was the first insulator and oxide discovered to be superconductive.
Strontium titanate is both much denser (specific gravity 4.88 for natural, 5.13 for synthetic) and much softer (Mohs hardness 5.5 for synthetic, 6-6.5 for natural) than diamond.
This results in a shocking display of fire compared to diamond and diamond simulants such as YAG, GAG, GGG, Cubic Zirconia, and Moissanite.
Synthetics are usually transparent and colourless, but can be doped with certain rare earth or transition metals to give reds, yellows, browns, and blues.
Strontium titanate is considered extremely brittle with a conchoidal fracture; natural material is cubic or octahedral in habit and streaks brown.
Doping strontium titanate with niobium makes it electrically conductive, being one of the only conductive commercially available single crystal substrates for the growth of perovskite oxides.
Its bulk lattice parameter of 3.905Å makes it suitable as the substrate for the growth of many other oxides, including the rare-earth manganites, titanates, lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO), strontium ruthenate (SrRuO) and many others.
High-quality, epitaxial SrTiO layers can also be grown on silicon without forming silicon dioxide, thereby making SrTiO an alternative gate dielectric material.
SrTiO has been shown to possess persistent photoconductivity where exposing the crystal to light will increase its electrical conductivity by over 2 orders of magnitude.
Synthetic strontium titanate was one of several titanates patented during the late 1940s and early 1950s; other titanates included barium titanate and calcium titanate.
Research was conducted primarily at the National Lead Company (later renamed NL Industries) in the United States, by Leon Merker and Langtry E. Lynd.
Merker and Lynd first patented the growth process on February 10, 1953; a number of refinements were subsequently patented over the next four years, such as modifications to the feed powder and additions of colouring dopants.
The extra oxygen is required for successful formation of strontium titanate, which would otherwise fail to oxidize completely due to the titanium component.
The highly purified feed powder is derived by first producing titanyl double oxalate salt (SrTiO(CO)) by reacting strontium chloride (SrCl) and oxalic acid ((COOH)) with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl).
powder of the required composition, and is then ground and sieved to ensure all particles are between 0.2–0.5 micrometres in size.
This boule is usually no larger than 2.5 centimetres in diameter and 10 centimetres long; it is an opaque black to begin with, requiring further annealing in an oxidizing atmosphere in order to make the crystal colourless and to relieve strain.
Thin films of SrTiO can be grown epitaxially by various methods, including pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, RF sputtering and atomic layer deposition.
As in most thin films, different growth methods can result in significantly different defect and impurity densities and crystalline quality, resulting in a large variation of the electronic and optical properties.
It is one of the most costly of diamond simulants, and due to its rarity collectors may pay a premium for large i.e.
Under the microscope, gemmologists distinguish strontium titanate from diamond by the former's softness—manifested by surface abrasions—and excess dispersion (to the trained eye), and occasional gas bubbles which are remnants of synthesis.
Due to its high melting point and insolubility, strontium titanate has been used as a strontium-90-containing material in radioisotope thermoelectric generators, such as the US Sentinel and Soviet Beta-M series.
It demonstrates both electronic and ionic conductivity which is useful for SOFC electrodes because there is an exchange of gas and oxygen ions in the material and electrons on both sides of the cell.
On the fuel side (anode), where the first reaction occurs, it is often doped with lanthanum to form lanthanum-doped strontium titanate (LST).
In this case, the A-site, or position in the unit cell where strontium usually sits, is sometimes filled by lanthanum instead, this causes the material to exhibit n-type semiconductor properties, including electronic conductivity.
This material has a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of the common electrolyte yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), chemical stability during the reactions which occur at fuel cell electrodes, and electronic conductivity of up to 360 S/cm under SOFC operating conditions.
Another key advantage of these LST is that it shows a resistance to sulfur poisoning, which is an issue with the currently used nickel - ceramic (cermet) anodes.
This material also shows mixed ionic and electronic conductivity which is important as it means the reduction reaction which happens at the cathode can occur over a wider area.
Building on this material by adding cobalt on the B-site (replacing titanium) as well as iron, we have the material STFC, or cobalt-substituted STF, which shows remarkable stability as a cathode material as well as lower polarization resistance than other common cathode materials such as lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite.
These cathodes also have the advantage of not containing rare earth metals which make them cheaper than many of the alternatives.
In Demand, the owner of Mojo HD, canceled its Mojo HD regularly scheduled programming on December 1, 2008, but continued to provide video on demand programming and sales of their programs on optical media.
Until December 1, 2008, Mojo HD was available on Bright House, Cablevision, Charter, Comcast, Cox, Mediacom, Midcontinent, and Time Warner cable systems.
The network had broadcast all content in high definition 1080i format and 5.1 audio to cable subscribers with HD service, usually at no additional charge.
The channel featured original programming, movies and sports programming geared to the lifestyle interests of affluent males; its website (www.mojohd.com) continues to feature streaming episodes, interactive forums, and a store for its content on DVD.
Mojo HD aired select NBA TV games in HD, when many cable providers did not yet carry NBA TV HD; games were blacked out on systems which did not carry NBA TV, or if the game aired in a team's market, where the team's broadcaster received preference.
G4 later took both the regular broadcast and HD rights, as their HD channel launched on the day Mojo HD ended operations.
The Science of Discworld is a 1999 book by novelist Terry Pratchett and popular science writers Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen.
The Discworld part of the book begins when a new experimental power source for the Unseen University is commissioned in the university's squash court.
However, the wizards' new reactor produces vastly more magical energy than planned and threatens to explode, destroying the University, the Discworld, and the entire universe.
The university's thinking engine, Hex, decides to divert all the magic into creating a space containing nothing—no matter, no energy, no reality, and, importantly, no magic.
They call it the Roundworld (the Earth), because in it, matter seems to accrete into balls in space (instead of discs on the backs of turtles).
They decide to appoint Rincewind, whom they dragged out of bed in the early hours of the morning, the Egregious Professor of Cruel and Unusual Geography, and send him down (against his will) to investigate this strange world.
This stabilizes the ball enough that, over a score of millennia (the wizards can skip over vast periods of Roundworld time, allowing them to view the history of the universe in less than a month), blobs of life emerge, ready to begin evolving into more complex forms.
The book also features a fictional crab civilization and the dinosaurs (both of which are wiped out by comets/asteroids colliding with the earth), before jumping ahead to when an advanced civilization (presumably humans) has evacuated the earth due to an impending natural disaster.
The science centres on the origins of the universe, earth and the beginnings of life, the fiction on the creation of a world (the Earth) in a jar.
One of the themes is that most scientific explanations are in reality a good deal more complicated than most of us realize.
In 1922, Minter was involved in a scandal surrounding the murder of director William Desmond Taylor, for whom she professed her love.
Although gossip implicated her mother, former actress Charlotte Shelby, as the murderer, Minter's reputation was tarnished, and she gave up her movie career in 1923.
Minter was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the younger of two daughters born to J. Homer Reilly (1877–1958) and Lily Pearl Miles (later known as Broadway actress Charlotte Shelby; 1877–1957).
To avoid child labor laws while the 10-year-old was appearing in a play in Chicago in 1912, Charlotte Shelby obtained the birth certification of her elder sister's deceased daughter from Louisiana, and Juliet became Mary Miles Minter.
However, Minter (who had grown up fatherless) said Taylor had reservations from the outset and later curtailed the romance, citing the 30-year difference in their ages.
On February 1, 1922, Taylor was murdered in his home, a two-story bungalow apartment on Alvarado Street, at the southeast corner of Alvarado and Maryland Street in the Westlake area of Los Angeles.
Newspapers reported that coded love letters written by Minter had been found in his bungalow after his death (these were later shown to have been written three years earlier in 1919).
Minter was at the height of her success, having starred in more than 50 films, and newspaper revelations of the 20-year-old star's association with the 49-year-old murdered director was cause for a sensational scandal.
When the studio did not renew her contract, she received many other offers but declined them all, saying she had never been happy as an actress.
In late 1922, several months following Taylor's death, Minter became involved romantically for a time with then-news correspondent of Los Angeles and movie critic Louis Sherwin, who had at one time been married to actress Maude Fealy.
In 1925, Minter sued her mother for an accounting of the money Shelby had received for her during her screen career.
The case was settled out of court, with the settlement being signed by Minter and Shelby at the American Consulate in Paris, France on January 24, 1927.
Minter's money had been invested in Los Angeles real estate, and she seems to have lived in relative comfort and prosperity.
In 1981, Minter was severely beaten in a burglary at her home in which more than $300,000 worth of antiques, china and jewelry were taken.
The police described her as a frail old woman and people were often shocked to learn she had once been a famous movie star.
For her contribution to motion pictures, she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1724 Vine Street in Hollywood.
As is common with silent movie stars, much of Minter's work has been lost; of her 53 films, approximately a dozen are known to exist today.
The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama has studied the possibilities of developing the paca as a viable high-priced food supply for the tropics.
Pacas originated in South America and are one of the few mammal species that successfully emigrated to North America after the Great American Interchange .
They were formerly grouped with the agoutis in the family Dasyproctidae, subfamily Agoutinae, but were given full family status because they differ in the number of toes, the shape of the skull, and coat patterning.
With large hind limbs, small fore limbs, and cone-shaped bodies, pacas are similar in appearance to the deer-like, ungulate chevrotains, and like them have four to seven horizontal lines of blotches and stripes along their flanks.
They have four toes on their fore feet and five on their hind feet (of which two are short and hardly touch the ground) and they have stout nails that resemble small hooves.
In young pacas, the skin is covered with horny scales about in diameter; perhaps these scales have a protective function against smaller predators.
They are normally passive in daytime and forage in the morning and afternoon, but can be strictly nocturnal in areas with many predators.
They live in burrows up to deep, normally with two entrances covered with leaves to hide the burrow and to serve as an early warning system.
Pacas have resonating chambers in their cheeks and their growling noise, at about 1 kHz, is surprisingly loud for their size.
Population density can reach up to 70 adults per , and pacas often constitute some 20% of the biomass of terrestrial mammals.
In the wild, pacas eat fruits from understory trees and fallen fruits from taller trees, but may also eat leaves, buds, flowers, fungi, and insects.
They play a vital role in seed dispersal, and, with seasonal adaptations, their home ranges are often centered on a group of fruit trees.
Pacas normally do not use their fore-paws to manipulate fruits (as do agoutis), instead using their powerful jaw muscles to break open hard-shelled fruits.
Before allowing their young to suckle, mothers lick them to stimulate them to defecate and urinate, and then lick the resulting product, both to feed herself and to prevent the odour from attracting predators.
Normally, mothers give birth to one young, but she can give birth up to three times per year if conditions allow.
Weaning begins after six weeks, but the young start to follow their mothers early and can do so for up to a year.
At at birth, the young are born in holes too small for both predators and the mother to enter, which are then covered with leaves and twigs.
They primarily live in rainforests near streams, but can also be found in a wide variety of habitats, including mangrove swamps, gallery forests near water currents, and even in public parks.
The smaller mountain paca lives in the northern Andes and the Páramo grasslands, with a peak occurrence between above sea level.
He made a name for himself in the 1970s with his proof of strong normalization in a system of second-order logic called System F. This result gave a new proof of Takeuti's conjecture, which was proven a few years earlier by William W. Tait, Motō Takahashi and Dag Prawitz.
He is also credited with the discovery of Girard's paradox, linear logic, the geometry of interaction, ludics, and the mustard watch.
Linear logic is a substructural logic proposed by Jean-Yves Girard as a refinement of classical and intuitionistic logic, joining the dualities of the former with many of the constructive properties of the latter.
Although the logic has also been studied for its own sake, more broadly, ideas from linear logic have been influential in fields such as programming languages, game semantics, and quantum physics (because linear logic can be seen as the logic of quantum information theory), as well as linguistics, particularly because of its emphasis on resource-boundedness, duality, and interaction.
Proof-theoretically, it derives from an analysis of classical sequent calculus in which uses of (the structural rules) contraction and weakening are carefully controlled.
In terms of simple denotational models, linear logic may be seen as refining the interpretation of intuitionistic logic by replacing cartesian (closed) categories by symmetric monoidal (closed) categories, or the interpretation of classical logic by replacing Boolean algebras by C*-algebras.
Binary connectives ⊗, ⊕, & and ⅋ are associative and commutative; 1 is the unit for ⊗, 0 is the unit for ⊕, ⊥ is the unit for ⅋ and ⊤ is the unit for &.
This is possible because any premises to the left of a turnstile can always be moved to the other side and dualised.
In a certain sense these rules are redundant: as we introduce additional rules for building proofs below, we will maintain the property that arbitrary initial sequents can be derived from atomic initial sequents, and that whenever a sequent is provable it can be given a cut-free proof.
Ultimately, this canonical form property (which can be divided into the completeness of atomic initial sequents and the cut-elimination theorem, inducing a notion of analytic proof) lies behind the applications of linear logic in computer science, since it allows the logic to be used in proof search and as a resource-aware lambda-calculus.
Both intuitionistic and classical implication can be recovered from linear implication by inserting exponentials: intuitionistic implication is encoded as , while classical implication can be encoded as or (or a variety of alternative possible translations).
The idea is that exponentials allow us to use a formula as many times as we need, which is always possible in classical and intuitionistic logic.
Formally, there exists a translation of formulas of intuitionistic logic to formulas of linear logic in a way that guarantees that the original formula is provable in intuitionistic logic if and only if the translated formula is provable in linear logic.
Lafont (1993) first showed how intuitionistic linear logic can be explained as a logic of resources, so providing the logical language with access to formalisms that can be used for reasoning about resources within the logic itself, rather than, as in classical logic, by means of non-logical predicates and relations.
If in the vending machine there is a packet of chips, a candy bar, and a can of soft drink, each costing one dollar, then for that price you can buy exactly one of these products.
For example, we can write to express that with three dollars you can get a candy bar and some other stuff, without being more specific (for example, chips and a drink, or $2, or $1 and chips, etc.
For example, suppose the vending machine permits gambling: insert a dollar and the machine may dispense a candy bar, a packet of chips, or a soft drink.
The constant 0 represents a product that cannot be made, and thus serves as the unit of ⊕ (a machine that might produce or is as good as a machine that always produces because it will never succeed in producing a 0).
Multiplicative disjunction is more difficult to gloss in terms of the resource interpretation, although we can encode back into linear implication, either as or .
are present, linear implication is a primitive connective and, similarly to what happens in intuitionistic logic, all connectives (except linear negation) are independent.
There are also first- and higher-order extensions of linear logic, whose formal development is somewhat standard (see first-order logic and higher-order logic).
Leonard Patrick O'Connor Wibberley (9 April 1915 – 22 November 1983), who also published under the name Patrick O'Connor, among others, was a prolific and versatile Irish author who spent most of his life in the United States.
Among his more than 50 juvenile books are (with Farrar, Straus and Giroux), a seven-volume 'Treegate' series of historical fiction and a four-volume life of Thomas Jefferson.
His family moved to Cork and, until the age of eight, he was educated in Irish at Ring College, Waterford, Ireland.
His father, Thomas Wibberley, FRSA, Professor of Agricultural Research, University College, Cork (one of the three constituents of the National University of Ireland) and Queen's University Belfast, was an experimental agronomist.
Leaving the newspaper business, he settled permanently in Hermosa Beach, California, as a full-time author, publishing 100 more books, at a rate of at least one a year and averaging more than three.
His two marriages, in Trinidad with Olga Morton-Gittens, and in California with Hazel Holton, produced seven children, including film writer Cormac Wibberley among six by the latter.
Wibberley donated manuscripts and proofs of many of his works to The Leonard Wibberley Archive of the library collections of the University of Southern California, where they are available, but not online.
In 1909, it was acquired by George Eastman, and the company was moved to 12 Caledonia Avenue (later renamed Clarissa Street), Rochester, NY in 1928, as the Folmer & Schwing Division of the Eastman Kodak Company.
In 1926, Kodak was forced to divest itself of the division, which was spun off forming a new company, the Folmer Graflex Corporation, which changed its name to Graflex Inc. in 1946.
Graflex was known for the quintessential press camera, the Speed Graphic which was manufactured for over 60 years, and was used by most of the photojournalists in the first half of the 20th century.
William F. Folmer, an inventor, co-owned the Folmer and Schwing Manufacturing Company, founded in New York City as a gas lamp company.
As the gas lamp market declined, the company expanded into other areas including bicycles and photographic equipment, leading to the release of the first Graflex camera in 1899.
As the company's success grew, it chose to focus on photography and dropped its other manufacturing lines, and in 1905 was acquired by George Eastman, in 1907 becoming the Folmer Graflex Division of Eastman Kodak.
This company existed under independent ownership until 1958, when the company was bought by the General Precision Equipment, which operated it as an independent division until 1968, when it was sold to the Singer Corporation, who also operated it as a division until 1973, when it was finally wrapped up and its tooling sold to the Toyo Corporation.
From 1912 to 1973 Graflex produced large format and medium format press cameras in film formats from 2¼ × 3¼″ (6 × 9 cm) to 4 × 5″.
However, because Graflex printed separate catalogs for its studio and portable offerings, many erroneously believe the Century Studios to have been manufactured elsewhere.
The first of the Graflex-branded cameras, released in 1898, was the Graflex camera, also known as the Graflex Reflex, or Graflex single lens reflex (SLR).
This camera used the same swinging-mirror, through-the-lens viewing mechanism as modern single lens reflex cameras, introduced many decades later, and quickly became popular for sports and press photography in the early 20th century due largely to its use of a focal plane shutter.
To produce shutter speeds fast enough to appear to freeze rapid motion, early Graflex cameras employed a cloth shutter with a narrow slit that quickly moved across the film plane, exposing only one small strip at any given moment in its travel.
To set the shutter speed, the photographer wound the shutter spring to one of a series of calculated tensions using a key, and selected the slit width with another control.
The Graflex Reflex was also popular among early 20th Century fine art photographers, leading several lens manufacturers to design special soft-focus lenses, including the famous Wollensak's Verito, to support the camera's creative potential.
Graflex Speed Graphic folding cameras, produced from 1912 to 1973 also employed a focal plane shutter, but omitted the SLR swinging mirror and through-the lens viewing, replacing it by an external viewfinder, while retaining a view camera's traditional ground glass for static subjects.
The Speed Graphic became even more popular than the Graflex Reflex as a press and sports camera, so much so that to this type of classic press camera features in the masthead of the New York Daily News.
The top-to-bottom motion of the focal plane shutter exposed the upper portion of the film first (i.e., the bottom of the inverted image as seen at the focal plane), so many photographs of automobile racing taken with Speed Graphics depicted the wheels of cars in an oval shape leaning forward.
This feature was so ubiquitous in racing photography that it came to be a conventional graphical indication for speed, influencing many cartoonists who drew wheels in this same style to indicate fast motion.
Speed Graphics have also been used with success by many fine art photographers, as they work quite well with special un-shuttered lenses that were manufactured originally for the Graflex Reflex.
Speed Graphics are still widely used by modern fine art photographers because of their unique image creation capabilities and simple, easily serviced mechanical design.
The Crown Graphic models of this same period were similar in overall design to the Speed Graphics, but omitted their focal plane shutter, allowing Crown Graphic models to be about one inch (2.5 cm) smaller and 1 pound lighter (.5 kg) Furthermore, their lack of a focal plane shutter allowed lenses to be mounted closer to the film plane, enabling the use of wider angle lenses on these models.
The company name changed several times over the years, as it was absorbed and released by the Kodak empire—finally becoming a division of the Singer Corporation.
The Graflex plant in suburban Pittsford, New York still stands at 3750 Monroe Avenue, and was the corporate headquarters of Veramark Technologies from 1997 to 2010.
Because the Speed Graphic had its historical origins as the quintessential press camera prior to the advent of 35mm and digital photography for use by press photographers, some still consider the use of a Graphlex obsolete.
However, both the Speed Graphic and the Graflex SLR have focal plane shutters that allow use of large un-shuttered barrel lenses.
These cameras are now being used by fine art photographers to make images that excel in depth of field control and image detail.
As an example, a Kodak Aero Ektar 178 mm f/2.5 lens can be fitted to Speed Graphic 4x5 cameras and used to take soft/sharp photographs with complete control of the depth of focus.
It is owned by the Woodbine Entertainment Group, formerly the Ontario Jockey Club, and is about 30 km west of the company's other racetrack, Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.
Woodbine Mohawk Park also has more than 1000 slot machines, affordable 1 cent slots, and higher stakes room, operated by Elements Casino Woodbine; some of the revenue from this operation is used to increase the horseracing purses.
The track was opened on April 26, 1963 by the then Ontario Jockey Club as Mohawk Racetrack and 4,338 people attended.
The 400-acre site was constructed at a cost of $3.5 million with could house 828 horses in the barns and had enough parking for 3,000 cars.
On April 18, 1970, there was a record crowd of 11,470 in attendance for the International Drivers Competition that featured drivers from 8 different countries.
In October 1999, Mohawk Raceway hosted eight Breeders Crown races for the first time and is considered the richest event in Canadian harness racing history.
The track is ⅞ mile (1.4 km) in circumference (originally ⅝ mile or 1 km), and is made of crushed limestone.
If there are more than 10 starters, the extra starters will line up behind the first tier of horses in the second tier.
The homestretch is 1,095 feet long (334 m), and the far turn has a larger radius than the clubhouse turn to encourage acceleration into the homestretch.
Mohawk has hosted the Breeders Crown several times in the past with the most recent edition being the 2008 older division events.
She was launched on 16 March 1960, sponsored by Dame Pattie Menzies, GBE, wife of the then Prime Minister of Australia, Robert Menzies.
The arrival of the jet airliner had already caused a drop in demand for this service; a reduction in emigration to Australia and wars forcing the closure of the Suez Canal saw the route become unprofitable.
Unusually, this transition from an early life as a purpose built ocean liner to a long and successful career in cruising, occurred without any major external alterations, and with only minimal internal and mechanical changes over the years.
They were the most powerful steam turbo-electric units ever installed in a passenger ship; at per shaft, they surpassed 's on each of her four shafts.
The lifeboats, which were made from glass fibre, were placed three decks lower than usual for ships of her type, and were recessed into the hull to allow improved view from the passenger decks.
The next day, her captain Dennis Scott-Masson received a message asking his time of arrival at Gibraltar, which was not on his itinerary.
However, the liner was not badly hit in the landings as the Argentine pilots tended to attack the Royal Navy frigates and destroyers instead of the supply and troop ships.
Captain Scott-Masson, who had started his apprenticeship on the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line troopship in the late 1940s, was awarded a CBE and made an aide-de-camp to Her Majesty The Queen.
Her role in the Falklands War made her very popular with the British public, and ticket sales after her return were elevated for many years as a result.
Age and high running costs eventually caught up with her though, as she had much higher fuel consumption than most modern cruise ships.
Her deep draft meant that she could not be beached as far as most ships, and due to her solid construction the scrapping process took nearly a year instead of the estimated three months, being totally scrapped by the end of 1998.
In a racing career which lasted from June 1970 until October 1972 he won seventeen of his eighteen races and has been rated the best racehorse trained in Britain in the 20th century.
At three he was again unbeaten, defeating Mill Reef in a famous race for the 2000 Guineas and going on to win the St. James's Palace Stakes, Sussex Stakes, Goodwood Mile and Queen Elizabeth II Stakes over a mile, before moving up in distance to win the Champion Stakes over ten furlongs.
As a four-year-old he won the Lockinge Stakes, Prince of Wales's Stakes and Eclipse Stakes before moving up in distance to win the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes over one and a half miles.
Brigadier Gerard sustained his first and only defeat when beaten by Roberto in the inaugural running of the Benson and Hedges Gold Cup.
Bred by John Hislop in England and foaled on 5 March 1968, Brigadier Gerard was a son of the stallion Queen's Hussar, winner of the Sussex Stakes and the Lockinge Stakes, and the non-winning racemare, La Paiva, a daughter of Prince Chevalier.
On his female side he traced back to the brilliant fillies' Triple Crown winner, Pretty Polly, who was his fifth dam.
Brigadier Gerard was trained during his racing career by Major Dick Hern and ridden in all his races by Joe Mercer.
The odds-on favourite Young and Foolish was the comfortable winner of a big field Newmarket maiden and was second on his only other start to the subsequent winner of the Windsor Castle Stakes at Royal Ascot.
In the race Joe sat behind the more experienced runners until approaching the two furlong marker where he gave the Brigadier the office and he strode eight to ten lengths clear before being allowed to ease down before the line for an easy five length success.
So easy was this first success the Brigadier's owners decided to run him eight days later on 2 July in the Champagne Stakes, value £598 2s to the winner, run over six furlongs at Salisbury.
Carrying a penalty for his previous win Brigadier Gerard was favourite at 13 to 8 on and another easy success, by 4 lengths, ensued.
Having had two races in quick succession the Brigadier was given a six-week break before reappearing in the Washington Singer Stakes at Newbury on 15 August with a value £1,154 to the winner.
Starting favourite and odds of 4 to 9 on Brigadier Gerard led comfortably at the furlong marker winning by two lengths from Comedy Star.
Following three easy successes the Brigadier was now ready for his biggest test, the Middle Park Stakes at Newmarket, run over six furlongs and for a value of £10,515 18s.
The opposition included Mummy's Pet, unbeaten in his three starts including the Hyperion Stakes and Norfolk Stakes, and Swing Easy winner of three of his four starts, his only defeat being at the hands of My Swallow in the Prix de la Salamandre at Longchamp.
After a slow early pace Joe Mercer allowed Brigadier Gerard to stride into the lead where he drew steadily clear winning easing down by three lengths from Mummy's Pet with Swing Easy a further half a length away in third place.
Among other successes they won between them the Sceptre Stakes, Temple Stakes, Daniel Prenn, King's Stand Stakes and the Nunthorpe Stakes.
The field of six runners for the season's first colts' classic, the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket, was one of the smallest in recent memory.
However, the three colts that had headed the Free handicap, My Swallow, Mill Reef, and Brigadier Gerard, had between them won 18 of their 19 races, including every major two-year-old race in Europe.
My Swallow and Mill Reef had won their prep races, the Usher Stakes and the Greenham Stakes, while Brigadier Gerard, as planned, arrived at the Rowley Mile without a preparatory race.
The race was generally billed as a match between the 6/4 favourite Mill Reef and the 2/1 second favourite My Swallow.
Brigadier Gerard was relatively overlooked at 11/2, Minsky, a full brother to Nijinsky and Irish champion 2-y-o in 1970 at 15/2, Good Bond at 16/1 and Indian Ruler the complete outsider at 100/1.
At this time Joe Mercer, on Brigadier Gerard, picked up his stick to ask him to close the two-length gap, but neither Geoff Lewis, on Mill Reef, nor Frankie Durr, on My Swallow, had yet made any comparable move.
For in 100 yards racing down the hill into the dip, Brigadier Gerard brushed aside the two colts who last year dominated European two year old racing.
They finished together far ahead of the others, but he was three lengths clear and going away, as decisive and brilliant a winner of the 2000 Guineas as has been since Tudor Minstrel.
Mill Reef who duly took his revenge on My Swallow ran, it must be presumed, right up to his best form.
Mill Reef was not beaten again winning The Derby, Eclipse Stakes, King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Stakes, Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, Prix Ganay and Coronation Cup.
Sparkler had won the classic trial at Thirsk, was beaten narrowly in the Irish 2000 Guineas, and more recently had won the Diomed Stakes at Epsom.
Good Bond, last in the English 2000 Guineas and third to Sparkler in the Diomed, and Ballyhot, a recent maiden winner, made up the rest of the field of four runners.
After the race, John Hislop confirmed that his plans for Brigadier Gerard depended, in part at least, on Mr David Robinson, because Hislop was offering My Swallow one more chance of revenge.
Heavy rain on the Tuesday and plenty more in the hour before racing had made the going not as deep as Ascot, but still considered to be much to the disadvantage of Brigadier Gerard.
Leading the opposition was French challenger and soft-ground specialist Faraway Son, who had finished first but was subsequently disqualified in the French 2000 Guineas in favour of French horse Caro, whose only defeat this season had been at the hand of Mill Reef in the Eclipse Stakes.
Joshua had won three of his four starts with a narrow defeat by miler Welsh Pageant in the Lockinge Stakes being the only blot on his season.
Kings Company, the second highest rated two year old in Ireland, had won the Irish 2000 Guineas in somewhat controversial circumstances, in course record time and by the narrowest margin, from Sparkler and, more recently, had won the Cork and Orrery Stakes at Royal Ascot on soft ground.
Joe Mercer allowed Brigadier Gerard to stroll along at the head of affairs until approaching the furlong maker, where Faraway Son and Joshua threw down their challenges.
Brigadier Gerard pulled away to win by 5 lengths from Faraway Son, with the finishing time two seconds outside the record.
He next won the Prix du Rond Point (over French 1000 Guineas winner Bold Fascinator), the Prix Moulin de Longchamp, and the Prix de la Foret.
Gold Rod had won the Prix Moulin the year before and had placed in nearly all of the top mile races while Ashleigh, having only his third run this season, had won the Jersey Stakes at Royal Ascot before losing to Brigadier Gerard in the Sussex Stakes.
Leading French challenger Dictus, fourth in last season's Champion Stakes just behind Nijinsky, and now fresh from victory in the Prix Jacques le Marois, where he defeated Sparkler by half a length, lined up alongside Ashleigh.
Le phénomène anglais Brigadier Gerard battu cheval français Dictus (Prix Jacques le Marois) par huit longueurs, samedi, Ascot dans les Queen Elizabeth Stakes 11 (1.600m).
This was Brigadier Gerard's ninth consecutive success with a step up to a mile and a quarter in the Champion Stakes at Newmarket the next race on his agenda.
When Brigadier Gerard lined up for his first attempt at ten furlongs, a field of ten turned up to contest the £35,000 prize.
From Great Britain, the leading older horses included Welsh Pageant, who was having his fourth run of the season, winning the Lockinge and Hungerford Stakes and finishing third in the Eclipse Stakes behind Mill Reef and Caro.
Gold Rod was fresh from his win in the Prix La Coupe, where he exacted his revenge on Amadou, who had finished 5 lengths in front of him in the Prix Ganay.
Great Wall (fourth to Nijinsky in the Derby), Leander (winner of the Prix Jean Prat at Chantilly as a 3 year old), and Tamil (winner of a minor event in Deauville) were also entered.
In his last start, Rarity had given a 4 lengths beating to Lombardo, whose form boasted an Epsom Derby 4th, beaten 6 lengths by Mill Reef, and an Irish Derby 2nd, beaten 3 lengths by Irish Ball.
The race itself was run in poor visibility with Welsh Pageant, Leander, Gold Rod, and Roi Soleil in the leading group and Brigadier Gerard in close behind them.
As they entered the Dip, Brigadier Gerard moved into the lead and pulled three lengths clear while Rarity made progress throughout the final furlong.
The 1971 season ended with Brigadier Gerard maintaining his unbeaten record with 10 wins and Mill Reef remaining unbeaten since their meeting in the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse.
The scene was now set for a showdown between the champions expected in the 1972 Eclipse Stakes at Sandown Park Racecourse.
In spring, he won the one-mile Lockinge Stakes and the ten-furlong Westbury Stakes, in which he conceded fourteen punds to the runner-up Ballyhot.
At Royal Ascot, he won the Prince of Wales's Stakes by five lengths from Steel Pulse, setting a new course record.
In the Eclipse Stakes at Sandown Park, on unfavourably soft ground, he won by a length from Gold Rod to take his unbeaten sequence to fourteen.
In July, he moved up to one and half miles for the first time in Britain's most valuable race, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot.
He won by one and a half lengths from Parnell, with Riverman five lengths back in third, but he hung to the right in the closing stages and his win was only confirmed after a stewards' enquiry.
Then came his loss in the Benson & Hedges Gold Cup run over an extended mile and a quarter at York.
Brigadier Gerard (starting at 1/3) raced against the 1972 Epsom Derby winner Roberto and the runner-up, Rheingold, who started second favourite.
Roberto had run poorly in his previous race, the Irish Derby, but, ridden by the Panamanian jockey Braulio Baeza, ran the race of his life with a front-running display, which shattered the course record, to defeat Brigadier Gerard by three lengths.
The theory that Brigadier Gerard was a sick horse and ran below form against Roberto does not bear factual scrutiny; neither his trainer nor owner offered this as an excuse and his official 10 lengths defeat of the third horse, Gold Rod, was on a par with his best form.
As his owner, John Hislop, acknowledged, re-examination of the race film showed that he actually beat Gold Rod by 17 lengths.
Brigadier Gerard returned in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes and set a new course record by over a second as he won by 6 lengths from Sparkler (giving him 7 pounds).
He retired at the end of his four-year-old season, a winner of 17 races from 18 starts, with total earnings of £253,024.70.
On retirement, he had won more races than any other English classic winner of the twentieth century apart from Bayardo (winner of 22 from 25 starts) and his ancestress Pretty Polly (winner of 22 from 24 starts).
Brigadier Gerard was not a success as a sire, and much less successful than his contemporary and rival Mill Reef, but he did get a classic winner in Light Cavalry who won the St. Leger Stakes in 1980 as well as Vayrann the controversial winner of the 1981 Champion Stakes.
Brigadier Gerard died in 1989 and his remains are interred in the gardens of the Swynford Hotel (formerly Swynford Paddocks), Six Mile Bottom, Newmarket.
Brigadier Gerard was given an end-of-year Timeform rating of 141 in 1971, making him the equal highest rated horse of the year, alongside Mill Reef.
He topped the Timeform ratings in 1972 with 144, the joint second highest figure at that time given for a flat racehorse, equal with Tudor Minstrel and one pound behind Sea Bird.
In the 1972 British Horse of the Year poll conducted by the Racegoers' Club, Brigadier Gerard polled all forty of the available votes, making him the first horse to be unanimously elected to the honour.
She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in his Keystone Studios films, and at the height of her career in the late 1910s and early 1920s, had her own movie studio and production company.
Throughout the 1920s, her name was linked with widely publicized scandals, including the 1922 murder of William Desmond Taylor and the 1924 shooting of Courtland S. Dines, who was shot by Normand's chauffeur using her pistol.
Her film career declined, and she suffered a recurrence of tuberculosis in 1923, which led to a decline in her health, retirement from films, and her death in 1930 at age 37.
Born Amabel Ethelreid Normand in New Brighton, Richmond County, New York (before it was incorporated into New York City), she grew up in a working-class family.
Before she entered films at age 16 in 1909, Normand worked as an artist's model, which included posing for postcards illustrated by Charles Dana Gibson, creator of the Gibson Girl image, as well as for Butterick's clothing pattern manufacturers in lower Manhattan.
She embarked on a topsy-turvy relationship with him; he later brought her across to California when he founded Keystone Studios in 1912.
Her earlier Keystone films portrayed her as a bathing beauty, but Normand quickly demonstrated a flair for comedy and became a major star of Sennett's short films.
She played a key role in starting Chaplin's film career and acted as his leading lady and mentor in a string of films in 1914, sometimes co-writing and directing or co-directing films with him.
Most historians agree Normand persuaded Sennett to give Chaplin another chance, and she and Chaplin appeared together in a dozen subsequent films, almost always as a couple in the lead roles.
She lost the company in 1918 when Triangle experienced a massive shake up which also had Sennett lose Keystone and establish his own independent studio.
Author Robert Giroux claims that Taylor was deeply in love with Normand, who had originally approached him for help in curing her cocaine dependency.
Giroux says that Taylor met with federal prosecutors shortly before his death and offered to assist them in filing charges against Normand's cocaine suppliers.
According to Giroux, Normand suspected the reasons for Taylor's murder, but did not know the identity of the man who killed him.
On the night of his murder, February 1, 1922, Normand left Taylor's bungalow at 7:45 pm in a happy mood, carrying a book he had lent her.
In 1924, Normand's chauffeur Joe Kelly shot and wounded millionaire oil broker and amateur golfer Courtland S. Dines with her pistol.
Normand's co-star in many films, Roscoe Arbuckle, was the defendant in three widely publicized trials for manslaughter in the death of actress Virginia Rappe.
Since she had made some of her best works with him, much of Normand's output was withheld from the public as a result.
Normand continued making films and was signed by Hal Roach Studios in 1926 after discussions with director/producer F. Richard Jones, who had directed her at Keystone.
After an extended stay in Pottenger Sanitorium, she died from tuberculosis on February 23, 1930 in Monrovia, California, at the age of 37.
Mabel Normand has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to motion pictures at 6821 Hollywood Boulevard.
This film is a significant discovery, as Normand directed the movie and starred in the lead role, displaying her talents on both sides of the camera.
David Bryan Rashbaum (born February 7, 1962) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as the keyboard player for the rock band Bon Jovi, with which he has also co-written songs and performed backing vocals.
Bryan was the first Bon Jovi member to receive a call when Jon Bon Jovi learned that he had received a recording contract, and agreed to join the band.
Bryan has played keyboards and sung on all of Bon Jovi's albums, as well as the solo projects of Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora.
The show was also performed in January 2009 in Seattle, Washington, at the 5th Avenue Theatre, prior to moving to Broadway later in 2009.
Memphis, which ran on Broadway from October 18, 2009 to August 5, 2012, was nominated for 8 Tony awards for the 2010 season and won 4 including Best Musical and Best Original Score.
They have two daughters and a son: twins Gabrielle (Gabby) Luna Bryan and Colton Moon Bryan (born March 10, 1994), and Tiger Lily Bryan (born April 28, 2000).
He is an honorary Board member for Only Make Believe, a non-profit organization that brings interactive theatre to chronically ill and disabled children in hospitals and care facilities.
Bon Jovi was welcomed back, one year later, to see Bon Jovi Boulevard, and to unveil it to its future residents.
A data center (American English) or data centre (British English) is a building, dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.
Since IT operations are crucial for business continuity, it generally includes redundant or backup components and infrastructure for power supply, data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g.
Data centers have their roots in the huge computer rooms of the 1940s, typified by ENIAC, one of the earliest examples of a data center.
Many cables were necessary to connect all the components, and methods to accommodate and organize these were devised such as standard racks to mount equipment, raised floors, and cable trays (installed overhead or under the elevated floor).
During the boom of the microcomputer industry, and especially during the 1980s, users started to deploy computers everywhere, in many cases with little or no care about operating requirements.
However, as information technology (IT) operations started to grow in complexity, organizations grew aware of the need to control IT resources.
The advent of Unix from the early 1970s led to the subsequent proliferation of freely available Linux-compatible PC operating-systems during the 1990s.
The availability of inexpensive networking equipment, coupled with new standards for network structured cabling, made it possible to use a hierarchical design that put the servers in a specific room inside the company.
According to Data Center Catalog currently 137 Countries has more than 6000 Data Centers, where more Data Centers located in United States.
Information security is also a concern, and for this reason a data center has to offer a secure environment which minimizes the chances of a security breach.
Focus on modernization is not new: concern about obsolete equipment was decried in 2007, and in 2011 Uptime Institute was concerned about the age of the equipment therein.
The Telecommunications Industry Association's Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers specifies the minimum requirements for telecommunications infrastructure of data centers and computer rooms including single tenant enterprise data centers and multi-tenant Internet hosting data centers.
In addition to the energy savings, reduction in staffing costs and the ability to locate the site further from population centers, implementing a lights-out data center reduces the threat of malicious attacks upon the infrastructure.
The two organizations in the United States that publish data center standards are the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and the Uptime Institute.
The Telecommunications Industry Association's TIA-942 standard for data centers, published in 2005 and updated four times since, defined four infrastructure levels.
Static transfer switches are sometimes used to ensure instantaneous switchover from one supply to the other in the event of a power failure.
Air flow management addresses the need to improve data center computer cooling efficiency by preventing the recirculation of hot air exhausted from IT equipment and reducing bypass airflow.
Cold aisle containment is done by exposing the rear of equipment racks, while the fronts of the servers are enclosed with doors and covers.
Rows of cabinets are paired to face each other so that cool air can reach equipment air intakes and warm air can be returned to the chillers without mixing.
Another alternative is fitting cabinets with vertical exhaust ducts (chimney) Hot exhaust exits can direct the air into a plenum above a drop ceiling and back to the cooling units or to outside vents.
Data centers feature fire protection systems, including passive and Active Design elements, as well as implementation of fire prevention programs in operations.
Video camera surveillance and permanent security guards are almost always present if the data center is large or contains sensitive information.
Access control at cabinets can be integrated with intelligent power distribution units, so that locks are networked through the same appliance.
Power draw ranges from a few kW for a rack of servers in a closet to several tens of MW for large facilities.
For higher power density facilities, electricity costs are a dominant operating expense and account for over 10% of the total cost of ownership (TCO) of a data center.
Global data centers used roughly 416 TWh in 2016, nearly 40% more than the entire United Kingdom; USA DC consumption was 90 billion kWh.
In 2007 the entire information and communication technologies or ICT sector was estimated to be responsible for roughly 2% of global carbon emissions with data centers accounting for 14% of the ICT footprint.
The US EPA estimates that servers and data centers are responsible for up to 1.5% of the total US electricity consumption, or roughly .5% of US GHG emissions, for 2007.
Given a business as usual scenario greenhouse gas emissions from data centers is projected to more than double from 2007 levels by 2020.
In an 18-month investigation by scholars at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy in Houston and the Institute for Sustainable and Applied Infodynamics in Singapore, data center-related emissions will more than triple by 2020.
The most commonly used energy efficiency metric of data center energy efficiency is power usage effectiveness (PUE), calculated as the ratio of total power entering the data center divided by the power used by IT equipment.
The average USA data center has a PUE of 2.0, meaning two watts of total power (overhead + IT equipment) for every watt delivered to IT equipment.
To qualify for the ecolabel, a data center must be within the top quartile of energy efficiency of all reported facilities.
The Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015 (United States) requires federal facilities — including data centers — to operate more efficiently.
California's title 24 (2014) of the California Code of Regulations mandates that every newly constructed data center must have some form of airflow containment in place to optimize energy efficiency.
The focus of measuring and analyzing energy use goes beyond what's used by IT equipment; facility support hardware such as chillers and fans also use energy.
In 2011 server racks in data centers were designed for more than 25 kW and the typical server was estimated to waste about 30% of the electricity it consumed.
A high availability data center was estimated to have a 1 mega watt (MW) demand and consume $20,000,000 in electricity over its lifetime, with cooling representing 35% to 45% of the data center's total cost of ownership.
Calculations showed that in two years the cost of powering and cooling a server could be equal to the cost of purchasing the server hardware.
Research in 2018 has shown that substantial amount of energy could still be conserved by optimizing IT refresh rates and increasing server utilization.
In 2011 Facebook, Rackspace and others founded the Open Compute Project (OCP) to develop and publish open standards for greener data center computing technologies.
As part of the project Facebook published the designs of its server, which it had built for its first dedicated data center in Prineville.
Making servers taller left space for more effective heat sinks and enabled the use of fans that moved more air with less energy.
By not buying commercial off-the-shelf servers, energy consumption due to unnecessary expansion slots on the motherboard and unneeded components, such as a graphics card, was also saved.
In 2017 sales for data center hardware built to OCP designs topped $1.2 billion and are expected to reach $6 billion by 2021.
Furthermore, overcooling equipment in environments with a high relative humidity can expose equipment to a high amount of moisture that facilitates the growth of salt deposits on conductive filaments in the circuitry.
A power and cooling analysis, also referred to as a thermal assessment, measures the relative temperatures in specific areas as well as the capacity of the cooling systems to handle specific ambient temperatures.
A power and cooling analysis can help to identify hot spots, over-cooled areas that can handle greater power use density, the breakpoint of equipment loading, the effectiveness of a raised-floor strategy, and optimal equipment positioning (such as AC units) to balance temperatures across the data center.
The cooling energy varies from 10% of the total energy consumption in the most efficient data centers and goes up to 45% in standard air-cooled data centers.
A typical energy efficiency analysis measures factors such as a data center's power use effectiveness (PUE) against industry standards, identifies mechanical and electrical sources of inefficiency, and identifies air-management metrics.
Case studies have shown that by addressing energy efficiency holistically in a data center, major efficiencies can be achieved that are not possible otherwise.
This type of analysis uses sophisticated tools and techniques to understand the unique thermal conditions present in each data center—predicting the temperature, airflow, and pressure behavior of a data center to assess performance and energy consumption, using numerical modeling.
By predicting the effects of these environmental conditions, CFD analysis in the data center can be used to predict the impact of high-density racks mixed with low-density racks and the onward impact on cooling resources, poor infrastructure management practices and AC failure or AC shutdown for scheduled maintenance.
Thermal zone mapping uses sensors and computer modeling to create a three-dimensional image of the hot and cool zones in a data center.
Data centers use a lot of power, consumed by two main usages: the power required to run the actual equipment and then the power required to cool the equipment.
Cooling cost reduction from natural ways includes location decisions: When the focus is not being near good fiber connectivity, power grid connections and people-concentrations to manage the equipment, a data center can be miles away from the users.
Thus countries with favorable conditions, such as: Canada, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Switzerland, are trying to attract cloud computing data centers.
Different liquid cooling techniques are mixed and matched to allow for a fully liquid cooled infrastructure which captures all heat in water.
Different liquid technologies are categorized in 3 main groups, Indirect liquid cooling (water cooled racks), Direct liquid cooling (direct-to-chip cooling) and Total liquid cooling (complete immersion in liquid).
This combination of technologies allows the creation of a thermal cascade as part of temperature chaining scenarios to create high temperature water outputs from the data center.
Dynamic Infrastructure provides the ability to intelligently, automatically and securely move workloads within a data center anytime, anywhere, for migrations, provisioning, to enhance performance, or building co-location facilities.
Data centers contain a set of routers and switches that transport traffic between the servers and to the outside world which are connected according to the data center network architecture.
Some of the servers at the data center are used for running the basic Internet and intranet services needed by internal users in the organization, e.g., e-mail servers, proxy servers, and DNS servers.
For quick deployment or disaster recovery, several large hardware vendors have developed mobile/modular solutions that can be installed and made operational in very short time.
The University of Salamanca () is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the city of Salamanca, west of Madrid, in the autonomous community of Castile and León.
Granted Royal Chart by King Alfonso X, dated 8 May 1254, as the University of Salamanca this established the rules for organization and financial endowment.
On the basis of a papal bull by Alexander IV in 1255, which confirmed the Royal Charter of Alfonso X, the school obtained the title of University.
Contemporary with the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims, and the conquest of Granada, there was a certain professionalization of the apparatus of the state.
These men staffed the various councils of state, including, eventually, the Consejo de Indias and Casa de Contratacion, the two highest bodies in metropolitan Spain for the government of the Spanish Empire in the New World.
While Columbus was lobbying the King and Queen for a contract to seek out a western route to the Indies, he made his case to a council of geographers at the University of Salamanca.
In the next century, the morality of colonization in the Indies was debated by the School of Salamanca, along with questions of economics, philosophy and theology.
The frequency of the awarding of degrees dropped, the range of studies shrank, and there was a sharp decline in the number of its students.
By the eighteenth century they had become closed corporations controlled by the families of their founders, and dominated the university between them.
Once America was discovered, they discussed the rights of indigenous people as being recognized with full plenitude, which was revolutionary for that period, economic processes were analyzed for the first time and they developed the science of law as it became a classical scholarly focus.
It was the period when some of the brightest minds attended the university and it was known as the School of Salamanca.
The school's members renovated theology, laid the foundation for modern-day law, international law, modern economic science and actively participated in the Council of Trent.
By 1580, 6,500 new students had arrived at Salamanca each year, amongst the graduates were state officials of the Spanish monarchy administration were nourished.
It was also during this period when the first female university students were probably admitted, Beatriz Galindo and Lucía de Medrano, the latter being the first woman ever to give classes at a university.
Salamanca draws undergraduate and graduate students from across Spain and the world; it is the top-ranked university in Spain based on the number of students coming from other regions.
It is also known for its Spanish courses for non-native speakers, which attract more than two thousand foreign students each year.
Today the University of Salamanca is an important center for the study of humanities and is particularly noted for its language studies, as well as in laws and economics.
Scientific research is carried out in the university and research centers associated with it, such as at the Centro de Investigación del Cáncer [Cancer Research Centre], Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León [Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and León], Centro de Láseres Pulsados Ultracortos Ultraintensos [Ultrashort Ultraintense Pulse Lasers Centre].
In conjunction with the University of Cambridge, the University of Salamanca co-founded the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) in 1989.
The railways of Europe originated as many separate concerns, and there were many border changes after World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.
UIC classification and UIC Country Codes allowed precise determination of rolling stock capabilities and ownership, with wagons assigned unique UIC wagon numbers.
The 1990s GSM-R radio telecommunication system is an international interoperability specification covering voice and signalling systems for railway communications whose specification is maintained by the International Union of Railways project European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS).
In order to provide a common understanding and reduce potential confusion, the UIC has established standard international railway terminology and a trilingual (English-French-German) thesaurus of terms.
The thesaurus was the result of cooperation with the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT/) and was published in 1995.
Alfred and his successors would also be part of this dynasty, which would continue ruling in the main line all the way until Alfred's descendant, Ethelred the Unready, whose reign in the late 10th century and early 11th century saw a brief period of Danish occupation and following his and his son Edmund Ironside's death, kingship by the Danish Cnut the Great and his successors to 1042.
The House of Wessex then briefly regained its power for 24 years, but after the deposition of its last scion, Ethelred's great-grandson Edgar Ætheling, it faded into the annals of history.
All kings of England and Great Britain since Henry II have been descended from the House of Wessex through Henry I's wife Matilda of Scotland—a daughter of Edgar Ætheling's sister, Margaret of Wessex.
The House became rulers of a unified English nation after the descendants of Alfred the Great (871–899) down to Edward the Confessor in 1066.
Edward the Elder Alfred's son united under his rule, by conquering the Viking occupied areas, Mercia and East Anglia with Wessex.
Then his son, Æthelstan, extended his authority into the north, Northumbria, above the Mersey and Humber, but this was not fully consolidated until after his nephew Edgar succeeded to the throne.
This period of the English monarchy is known as the Anglo-Saxon period, because the two main branches of settlers were Angles (in Mercia and East Anglia) or Saxon (in Wessex, Essex, Middlesex, Surrey, Sussex and Northumbria); a smaller group of settlers, the Jutes in Kent, Wight and in parts of east Sussex, merged with the Saxons.
Their rule was often contested, notably by the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard who invaded in 995 and occupied the united English throne from 1013 to 1014, during the reign of Æthelred the Unready and his son Edmund Ironside.
After Harthacanute, there was a brief Anglo-Saxon restoration between 1042 and 1066 under Edward the Confessor a son of Æthelred, who was succeeded by Harold Godwinson, who was a member of the House of Godwin, possibly a side branch of the Cerdicings (see Ancestry of the Godwins).
Anglo-Saxon attempts to restore native rule in the person of Edgar the Ætheling, a grandson of Edmund Ironside who had originally been passed over in favour of Harold, were unsuccessful and William's descendants secured their rule.
Henry II was a descendant of the House of Wessex in the female line, something that contemporary English commentators noted with approval.
The assigning of arms to the West Saxon kings is prochronistic, as heraldry did not develop in a form as we know it until the twelfth century.
They have been incorporated into heraldic charges of institutions that associate themselves with Wessex, especially Edward the Confessor, where they are used at Westminster Abbey and in the arms of the City of Westminster.
Gérald Hanning was the consultant advisor to the DATAR for this industrial/scientific complex created in 1970–1984; it houses primarily companies in the fields of computing, electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology.
In the early years, one of the main challenges of Sophia Antipolis was to relate people and to create a sense of community.
Many professional clubs were thus launched: The Sophia business angels club, the Sophia Nordic link, Art Sophia, Telecom Valley are just a few.
There is a small shopping centre at the heart of Garbejaire with a post office, bakery, restaurants, hairdresser, chemist, Internet cafe, two supermarkets, two hotels within walking distance, and a church.
One of the bus routes to Antibes goes directly to Antibes railway station which provides access to the Riviera coastal railway.
Sophia Antipolis also benefits from the close proximity of Thales Alenia Space (in Cannes), IBM (La Gaude) and Schneider Electric (Carros).
Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria.
During anaerobic respiration of carbohydrates, H and acetate are formed in a ratio of 2:1 or lower, so H contributes only ca.
In some circumstances, for instance in the rumen, where acetate is largely absorbed into the bloodstream of the host, the contribution of H to methanogenesis is greater.
However, depending on pH and temperature, methanogenesis has been shown to use carbon from other small organic compounds, such as formic acid (formate), methanol, methylamines, tetramethylammonium, dimethyl sulfide, and methanethiol.
The mechanism for the conversion of bond into methane involves a ternary complex of methyl coenzyme M and coenzyme B fit into a channel terminated by the axial site on nickel of the cofactor F430.
Coupling of the coenzyme M thiyl radical (RS) with HS coenzyme B releases a proton and re-reduces Ni(II) by one-electron, regenerating Ni(I).
Some organisms can oxidize methane, functionally reversing the process of methanogenesis, also referred to as the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM).
Organisms performing AOM have been found in multiple marine and freshwater environments including methane seeps, hydrothermal vents, coastal sediments and sulfate-methane transition zones.
During the decay process, electron acceptors (such as oxygen, ferric iron, sulfate, and nitrate) become depleted, while hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide accumulate.
The useful products of methanogenesis are absorbed by the gut, but methane is released from the animal mainly by belching (eructation).
Even among humans whose flatus does contain methane, the amount is in the range of 10% or less of the total amount of gas.
Other research has indicated that the plants are not actually generating methane; they are just absorbing methane from the soil and then emitting it through their leaf tissues.
This organic matter may be placed by humans through landfill, buried as sediment on the bottom of lakes or oceans as sediments, and as residual organic matter from sediments that have formed into sedimentary rocks.
Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times greater than carbon dioxide (averaged over 100 years), and methanogenesis in livestock and the decay of organic material is thus a considerable contributor to global warming.
It may not be a net contributor in the sense that it works on organic material which used up atmospheric carbon dioxide when it was created, but its overall effect is to convert the carbon dioxide into methane which is a much more potent greenhouse gas.
Methanogenesis can also be beneficially exploited, to treat organic waste, to produce useful compounds, and the methane can be collected and used as biogas, a fuel.
This was debated when methane was discovered in the Martian atmosphere by M.J. Mumma of NASA's Goddard Flight Center, and verified by the Mars Express Orbiter (2004) and in Titan's atmosphere by the Huygens probe (2005).
It is also argued that atmospheric methane can come from volcanoes or other fissures in the planet's crust and that without an isotopic signature, the origin or source may be difficult to identify.
On 13 April 2017, NASA confirmed that the dive of the Cassini orbiter spacecraft on 28 October 2015 discovered the Enceladus plume which has all the ingredients for methanogenesis-based life forms to feed from.
Previous results, published in March 2015, suggested hot water is interacting with rock beneath the sea; the new findings support that conclusion and add that the rock appears to be reacting chemically.
From these observations scientists have determined that nearly 98 percent of the gas in the plume is water, about 1 percent is hydrogen and the rest is a mixture of other molecules including carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia.
The Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO) directs the worldwide overseas building program for the United States Department of State and the U.S. Government community serving abroad under the authority of the chiefs of mission.
OBO sets worldwide priorities for the design, construction, acquisition, maintenance, use, and sale of real properties and the use of sales proceeds.
OBO’s mission is to provide safe, secure, functional, and resilient facilities that represent the U.S. government to the host nation and support our staff in the achievement of U.S. foreign policy objectives.
OBO constructs, maintains, and manages facilities that represent American values and the best in American architecture, design, engineering, technology, sustainability, art, culture, and construction execution.
In physics, the Mach–Zehnder interferometer is a device used to determine the relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived by splitting light from a single source.
The interferometer has been used, among other things, to measure phase shifts between the two beams caused by a sample or a change in length of one of the paths.
The apparatus is named after the physicists Ludwig Mach (the son of Ernst Mach) and Ludwig Zehnder: Zehnder's proposal in an 1891 article was refined by Mach in an 1892 article.
If it is decided to produce fringes in white light, then, since white light has a limited coherence length, on the order of micrometers, great care must be taken to simultaneously equalize the optical paths over all wavelengths, or no fringes will be visible.
1, a compensating cell made of the same type of glass as the test cell (so as to have equal optical dispersion) would be placed in the path of the reference beam to match the test cell.
The reflecting surfaces of the beam splitters would be oriented so that the test and reference beams pass through an equal amount of glass.
In this orientation, the test and reference beams each experience two front-surface reflections, resulting in the same number of phase inversions.
The result is that light traveling an equal optical path length in the test and reference beams produces a white light fringe of constructive interference.
In most cases, the fringes would be adjusted to lie in the same plane as the test object, so that fringes and test object can be photographed together.
The Mach–Zehnder interferometer's relatively large and freely accessible working space, and its flexibility in locating the fringes has made it the interferometer of choice for visualizing flow in wind tunnels and for flow visualization studies in general.
It is frequently used in the fields of aerodynamics, plasma physics and heat transfer to measure pressure, density, and temperature changes in gases.
Mach–Zehnder modulators are incorporated in monolithic integrated circuits and offer well-behaved, high-bandwidth electro-optic amplitude and phase responses over a multiple-gigahertz frequency range.
Mach–Zehnder interferometers are also used to study one of the most counterintuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, the phenomenon known as quantum entanglement.
The possibility to easily control the features of the light in the reference channel without disturbing the light in the object channel popularized the Mach–Zehnder configuration in holographic interferometry.
In particular, optical heterodyne detection with an off-axis, frequency-shifted reference beam ensures good experimental conditions for shot-noise limited holography with video-rate cameras, vibrometry, and laser Doppler imaging of blood flow.
The Fresnel equations for reflection and transmission of a wave at a dielectric imply that there is a phase change for a reflection, when a wave propagating in a lower-refractive index medium reflects from a higher-refractive index medium, but not in the opposite case.
A 180° phase shift occurs upon reflection from the front of a mirror, since the medium behind the mirror (glass) has a higher refractive index than the medium the light is traveling in (air).
No phase shift accompanies a rear-surface reflection, since the medium behind the mirror (air) has a lower refractive index than the medium the light is traveling in (glass).
The speed of light is lower in media with an index of refraction greater than that of a vacuum, which is 1.
The rule about phase shifts applies to beamsplitters constructed with a dielectric coating and must be modified if a metallic coating is used or when different polarizations are taken into account.
Regardless, in the absence of absorption, conservation of energy guarantees that the two paths must differ by a half-wavelength phase shift.
Also note that beamsplitters that are not 50/50 are frequently employed to improve the interferometer's performance in certain types of measurement.
3, in the absence of a sample, both the sample beam SB and the reference beam RB will arrive in phase at detector 1, yielding constructive interference.
At detector 2, in the absence of a sample, the sample beam and reference beam will arrive with a phase difference of half a wavelength, yielding complete destructive interference.
If a sample is placed in the path of the sample beam, the intensities of the beams entering the two detectors will change, allowing the calculation of the phase shift caused by the sample.
The versatility of the Mach–Zehnder configuration has led to its being used in a wide range of fundamental research topics in quantum mechanics, including studies on counterfactual definiteness, quantum entanglement, quantum computation, quantum cryptography, quantum logic, Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester, the quantum eraser experiment, the quantum Zeno effect, and neutron diffraction.
Connected groups of one color that contain fewer than two peries are removed, with the possible peri going to the surrounding group.
On the other hand, *Star is closely related to Go in which the goal is to gather more territory than the opponent.
In Go, all the surrounded area is counted as territory although in practice most of the territory is gathered near the perimeter.
The area was created following the discovery of a chalybeate spring in the early 17th century and is now a popular tourist attraction.
The Pantiles today includes a variety of specialist shops, art galleries, cafés, restaurants and bars as well as a Farmers market held outside every other Saturday.
Having lived a fashionably excessive lifestyle, he retired to the countryside (in nearby Eridge) in an unsuccessful attempt to repair his health.
With public interest aroused, Lord Abergavenny cleared the area of brushwood, sank wells and surrounded them with stone paving and railings.
Although few in number, due to the lack of accommodation nearby (at this time, the nearest being in Tunbridge (now Tonbridge), some 5 miles to the north), the visitors were of high social standing.
They included Henrietta Maria of France, wife of King Charles I, six weeks after the birth of her son (later to become King Charles II) whose party camped in opulent tents erected at Bishops Down, due to the lack of nearby lodgings.
Originally referred to as Frant Wells, they were later renamed Queen Mary’s Wells, in honour of Queen Mary II and were only later given the present name of Tunbridge Wells.
The Upper and Lower Walks were created in 1638, when an existing bank of earth stretching south-west from the wells was levelled and planted with a double row of trees.
It is following the Restoration, that several improvements were made to the immediate area, including construction of an assembly room and bowling green.
Signed in 1739, the Rusthall Manor Act ensured that the Walks, the Wells and the Dipper's Hall would be freely accessible to the public.
The paving installed there comprised one-inch thick square tiles made from heavy wealden clay, so named because they were shaped in a wooden pan before firing.
No.7 is c.1660; 39-41 was formerly the Gloster Tavern; The Corn Exchange and Royal Victoria Hotel are both early 19th century.
The Pantiles also hosts various festivals during the year including a food festival, a music festival featuring local bands, a fashion market and an open air art exhibition.
During the summer, the Pantiles hosts a jazz season, featuring free evening outdoor jazz concerts on Thursday evenings where musicians play on the historic bandstand.
In 1991 it was used as a backdrop for the band World Of Twist, on the cover of their debut album, Quality Street, with the group dressed in period costume.
He held office under four Prime Ministers, Lord Melbourne, Lord John Russell, Lord Aberdeen, and Lord Palmerston, and notably served three times as Home Secretary.
Grey was the only son of Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet, third son of Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey, and younger brother of Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey.
Originally intending to become a priest, he instead chose law as his profession, and was called to the bar in 1826.
Grey was elected to parliament as a Whig for Devonport in 1832, and quickly made his mark in the House of Commons.
He did not hold office in the Whig administration of his uncle Lord Grey, but when Lord Melbourne became Prime Minister in 1834, he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies.
The government fell in December of that year, but returned to power in May 1835, when Grey resumed the post of Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies (succeeding William Ewart Gladstone).
He was then briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1841, with a seat in the cabinet for the first time.
The Whigs returned to power in July 1846 under Lord John Russell, who appointed Grey Home Secretary, the first of his three spells in this position.
He decided to leave his seat at Devonport, partly owing to the baths scandal, returning instead for his native Northumberland North in an 1847 by-election, from the family seat at Fallodon, which he had recently inherited from his uncle, Henry Grey.
The new baronet sat throughout the parliament in active support of Lord John Russell, until the collapse of the ministry after the scandal of the Durham Letter, and controversial Ecclesiastical Titles bull.
Traditional Whigs were Protestant, among them Grey, but the liberality of authorising a catholic hierarchy changed the nature of party politics.
Grey's first tenure at the Home Office notably saw him deal with relief efforts to the victims of the Irish Potato Famine and trying to subdue the Irish rebellion of 1848.
He at first refused to join the coalition government of Lord Aberdeen, but in June 1854 he accepted the post of Colonial Secretary.
The Conservative administration under the Earl of Derby which took office only lasted until June the following year, when Palmerston again became Prime Minister.
Grey was now appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, but in 1861 he became Home Secretary for the third time.
Before the 1874 general election, he was overlooked as the Liberal candidate for Morpeth in favour of miners' leader Thomas Burt.
This marked the end of Grey's public life and he spent the remainder of his life in retirement at his Fallodon estate in Northumberland.
The train they were travellers in, pulled in at the tiny village halt of Kingussie in the Highlands, where they were met on the platform by none other than William Gladstone.
He was also to become a prominent Liberal politician, and served as Foreign Secretary from 1905 to 1916, when he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Grey of Fallodon.
He was a keen reader of the classics, with a great knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew; Shakespeare's plays, Walter Scott's poetry were part of their education.
At present, world's highest alcohol content of kaoliang liquor is up to 92% produced by Chyi Leh Wei Distillery (Chinese: 琪樂薇酒廠) in Taiwan.
The name is derived from the name of an abandoned military tunnel called Tunnel 88 which the distillery took over as storage space for their kaoliang and aged rice wine.
Freight trains are now mostly fixed rakes of wagons, and passenger trains are mostly multiple units, neither requiring the attention of a shunting locomotive.
Consequently, a large proportion of the class has been withdrawn from mainline use and stored, scrapped, exported or sold to industrial or heritage railways.
On heritage railways, they have become common, appearing on many of the preserved standard-gauge lines in Britain, with over 70 preserved including the first one built.
There were also 26 of the near-identical but higher-geared Class 09, and 171 similar locomotives fitted with different engines and transmissions (some of which became Class 10), which together brought the total number of outwardly-similar machines to 1,193.
In 1985, three locomotives were reduced in height for use on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway in south west Wales, and became Class 08/9.
As part of the privatisation of British Rail in the mid-1990s most of the survivors passed to EWS with some going to passenger operators for use as depot shunters.
FirstGroup operated fewer than five; additionally, some work at industrial sidings – two for Foster Yeoman, one for Mendip Rail, one for Corus, one at ICI Wilton, two for English China Clays, amongst others.
Sixteen English Electric 060DE 350 hp locomotives based on the Class 11/Class 08 design, but modified for 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge, were built new and exported 1951–53 to Australia, entering service on the Victorian Railways as the F class.
In 2007, 08738 and 08939 were equipped for multiple operation at Toton TMD and repainted in Euro Cargo Rail livery before being sent to France in April 2009.
As the standard general-purpose diesel shunter on BR, almost any duty requiring shunting would involve a Class 08; thus the many locations where 2 portions of a train were merged, or where additional stock was added to a train, were hauled (briefly) by a Class 08, thus the class was a familiar sight at many major stations and terminals.
Six Class 08 units were adapted for a specialist role at Tinsley Marshalling Yard, where there was a requirement for more powerful shunters.
These locomotives were permanently coupled together in pairs as a 'master and slave' (or 'cow and calf'), the latter with its cab removed, and reclassified as the Class 13.
Continuing in its designed-for role as a shunter, the Class 08 has been found useful by numerous heritage railways in the UK.
Since 2000, both Bachmann Branchline and Hornby have released much more detailed models, in a variety of liveries and with a variety of appropriate detail variations.
In British N Gauge, Graham Farish have also produced 2 versions; a relatively crude version lacking outside frames that was discontinued in 2007, and a more detailed version with outside frames that was unveiled 2008.
The Class 08 has also provided the basis for several other characters in the series, most notably 'Arry & Bert, Splatter & Dodge (Splodge), Paxton and Sidney.
Named for the Earls of Exeter, whose family owned the property until 1757, the house was notable for the stay of Charles Edward Stuart during the Jacobite Rising of 1745.
Exeter House was replaced by offices, which in turn were replaced by Charles Aslin's Magistrates Courts, built on the site during 1935.
The courts were closed at the beginning of 2004, and after a decade vacant the building returned to use as an office development, Riverside Chambers.
The commander of the prince's forces, Lord George Murray, argued that the lack of support from the French and from English Jacobites made success unlikely and retreat necessary.
The prince was opposed to a retreat, and some members of the Council objected strongly and aggressively to giving up their advance on London.
Meeting with the Council again later in the day, the prince took the decision to retreat, and he left Exeter House the following morning.
The decision to retreat meant that the Young Pretender would not take George II's crown and his army returned to Scotland, where they were finally defeated in 1746 at the Battle of Culloden.
After the death of the 8th Earl in 1754, the house was sold in 1757 by his widow to John Bingham, Mayor of Derby for that year.
The last owner was a lawyer, William Eaton Mousely, twice Mayor of Derby, who, after making some alterations in the 1830s, had the house demolished in 1854, believing Exeter House to be too large to maintain, and also to allow improvements to Exeter Bridge.
The wide staircase ascended from a small hall to the drawing room; on either side of the drawing room were small panelled rooms which had served as the bedrooms for the prince and his officers.
A spacious drawing room on the ground floor (altered by Mousely) gave access to a long garden, enclosed between high walls, which led down to the riverside.
However an appeal by Michael Thomas Bass, Jr., the Earl of Chesterfield and William Bemrose among others persuaded Mousely to call off the sales.
Georg von Békésy (, ; born in Budapest, Hungary on 3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was a Hungarian biophysicist.
By using strobe photography and silver flakes as a marker, he was able to observe that the basilar membrane moves like a surface wave when stimulated by sound.
Because of the structure of the cochlea and the basilar membrane, different frequencies of sound cause the maximum amplitudes of the waves to occur at different places on the basilar membrane along the coil of the cochlea.
He concluded that his observations showed how different sound wave frequencies are locally dispersed before exciting different nerve fibers that lead from the cochlea to the brain.
In 1961, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ.
Békésy was born on 3 June 1899 in Budapest, Hungary, as the first of three children (György 1899, Lola 1901 and Miklós 1903) to Alexander von Békésy (1860–1923), an economic diplomat born in Kolozsvár, Austria-Hungary (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), and to his mother Paula Mazaly.
Before and during World War II, Békésy worked for the Hungarian Post Office (1923 to 1946), where he did research on telecommunications signal quality.
After his lab was destroyed by fire in 1965, he was invited to lead a research laboratory of sense organs in Honolulu, Hawaii.
By using strobe photography and silver flakes as a marker, he was able to observe that the basilar membrane moves like a surface wave when stimulated by sound.
Because of the structure of the cochlea and the basilar membrane, different frequencies of sound cause the maximum amplitudes of the waves to occur at different places on the basilar membrane along the coil of the cochlea.
Békésy concluded from these observations that by exciting different locations on the basilar membrane different sound wave frequencies excite different nerve fibers that lead from the cochlea to the brain.
He theorized that, due to its placement along the cochlea, each sensory cell (hair cell) responds maximally to a specific frequency of sound (the so-called tonotopy).
Békésy later developed a mechanical model of the cochlea, which confirmed the concept of frequency dispersion by the basilar membrane in the mammalian cochlea.
A fictional book is a book (created specifically for a work of fiction) that sometimes provides the basis of the plot of a story, a common thread in a series of books, or the works of a particular writer or canon of work.
He held office under Sir Robert Peel as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests between 1834 and 1835 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1841 and 1846.
Somerset was the second son of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort, and Lady Charlotte Sophia, daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford.
He was a Lord of the Treasury under Lord Liverpool in 1820 and served under Sir Robert Peel First Commissioner of Woods and Forests from December 1834 to April 1835 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from September 1841 to July 1846 (with a seat in the cabinet from May 1844).
An advanced flight control system provided controlled flight at high angles of attack where conventional aircraft would stall or lose control.
The X-31 is a canard delta, a delta wing aircraft which uses canard foreplanes for primary pitch control, with secondary thrust-vectoring control.
The canard delta had earlier been used on the Saab Viggen strike fighter, and has since become common on fighters such as the Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Rafale and Gripen which were all designed and flew several years before the X-31.
The X-31 featured a cranked-delta wing (similar to the Saab 35 Draken and the F-16XL prototype), and fixed strakes along the aft fuselage, as well as a pair of movable computer-controlled canards to increase stability and maneuverability.
Eventually, simulations and flight tests on one of the X-31s showed that flight would be stable without the vertical fin, because the thrust-vectoring nozzle provided sufficient yaw and pitch control.
On April 29, 1993, the second X-31 successfully executed a rapid minimum-radius, 180° turn using a post-stall maneuver, flying well outside the range of angle of attack normal for conventional aircraft.
In the mid-1990s, the program began to revitalize and so the US and Germany signed a Memorandum of Understanding in April 1999 to start collaboration on the $53 million VECTOR program to capitalize on this previous investment.
VECTOR is a joint venture that includes the US Navy, Germany's defense procurement agency BWB, Boeing's Phantom Works, and DASA; it was initially expected to involve Sweden, who pulled out due to fiscal constraints.
From 2002 to 2003, the X-31 flew extremely short takeoff and landing approaches first on a virtual runway at in the sky, to ensure that the Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System accurately guides the aircraft with the centimeter accuracy required for on the ground landings.
The program then culminated in the first ever autonomous landing of a manned aircraft with high angle of attack (24 degree) and short landing.
The technologies involved a differential GPS System based on pseudolite technology from Integrinautics and a miniaturized flush air data system from Nordmicro.
It was established as a National Park in 1952, and is the only one in the United Kingdom to have been designated primarily because of its spectacular coastline.
The National Park has a varied landscape of rugged cliffs, sandy beaches, wooded estuaries, wild inland hills, the moorland of the Preseli Hills and the wooded Gwaun valley.
There are four distinct sections: clockwise these are the south Pembrokeshire coast, including Caldey Island; the Daugleddau estuary; the St Bride's Bay coast, including the coastal islands; and the Preseli Hills.
The geology of the area is of particular interest with many good exposures both inland and along the coast, exhibiting a variety of rock types and structural features such as natural arches, stacks, rock folding and sea caves.
A stack of note is Stack Rocks (Creigiau Elegug), two large detached pillars of limestone which in the spring provide valued nesting sites for razorbills and guillemots.
In the north, the rocks of Carn Llidi, Pen Beri and Garn Fawr, together with the extensive moorland on Mynydd Carningli and Mynydd Preseli, give an exposed and mountainous feel to the landscape, cut through by the wooded valleys of the Gwaun and Nevern.
In the west, the National Park is dominated by the broad sweep of St Bride's Bay, bounded at its northern end by Ramsey Island, near St David's peninsula, and at its southern end by Skomer.
The southern coast is another contrast, with the limestone plateau and cliffs of the Castlemartin peninsula, the steep-sided wooded valleys inland from Amroth; the Bosherston lakes - now, like much of the coastal strip, in the care of the National Trust - and the tourist resorts of Tenby and Saundersfoot.
Between the western and southern areas of the National Park lies the Milford Haven waterway, where the tranquil Daugleddau estuary feeds into one of the finest natural deep water harbours in the world.
The National Park includes many sites (such as Pentre Ifan) of historic and archaeological importance and areas which are of national or international nature conservation significance in their own right, including 7 Special Areas of Conservation, a Marine Nature Reserve, 6 national nature reserves and 75 Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
It was established in 1970, and is long, much of it at cliff-top level, with a total of of ascent and descent.
The Park is managed by Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority, which has around 130 staff and a committee of 18 members.
In pursuing these purposes, the authority should seek to foster the social and economic well-being of the communities within its boundaries.
The Authority also manages the entire length of the Pembrokeshire Coast Path, a national trail which lies almost entirely within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.
Over the years Pembrokeshire's beaches, all of which lie in the National Park, have been awarded many International Blue Flag Awards (10 in 2014), 47 Green Coast Awards (15 in 2011) and 106 Seaside Awards (31 in 2011).
Robert Adam Nisbet-Hamilton PC, FRS, JP (1804 – 9 June 1877), known as Robert Dundas until 1835 and as Robert Christopher between 1835 and 1855, was a British Conservative Party politician.
Born Robert Dundas, he was the eldest son of Philip Dundas (c.1763–1807, the fourth son of Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger), and Margaret (daughter of John Wedderburn of Ballendean (1729–1803) and sister of Sir David Wedderburn, 7th Baronet (1775–1858)).
He assumed the surname of Christopher in lieu of his patronymic in 1835 when his wife Lady Mary Bruce (see below) inherited the Christopher estates at Bloxholm and Wellvale in Lincolnshire.
In 1855 he assumed the surname of Nisbet-Hamilton in lieu of Christopher after his wife succeeded to the Nisbet-Hamilton estates in Scotland, including Dirleton Castle and Archerfield House.
When the Conservatives came to power under the Earl of Derby in 1852, Nisbet-Hamilton was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and sworn of the Privy Council.
Nisbet-Hamilton married Lady Mary, daughter of General Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and Mary, daughter and heiress of William Hamilton Nisbet, in 1828.
The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training.
In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job.
Sporting culture was especially strong in private schools and universities, and the upper and middle-class men who attended those institutions played as amateurs.
In the UK, the Factory Act of 1844 gave working men half a day off, making the opportunity to take part in sport more widely available.
On occasion, cash prizes, particularly in individual competitions, could make up the difference; some competitors also wagered on the outcomes of their matches.
It was claimed that it is in the interest of the professional to receive the highest amount of pay possible per unit of performance, not to perform to the highest standard possible where this does not bring additional benefit.
The middle and upper-class men who dominated the sporting establishment not only had a theoretical preference for amateurism, they also had a self-interest in blocking the professionalization of sport, which threatened to make it feasible for the working classes to compete against themselves with success.
Hence there were competing interests between those who wished sport to be open to all and those who feared that professionalism would destroy the 'Corinthian spirit'.
Some sports dealt with it relatively easily, such as golf, which decided in the late 19th century to tolerate competition between amateurs and professionals, while others were traumatized by the dilemma, and took generations to fully come to terms with professionalism even to a result of causing a breakdown in the sport (as in the case of rugby union and rugby league in 1895).
Problems can arise for amateur sportsmen when sponsors offer to help with an amateur's playing expenses in the hope of striking lucrative endorsement deals with them in case they become professionals at a later date.
As financial and political stakes in high-level were becoming higher, shamateurism became all the more widespread, reaching its peak in the 1970s and 1980s, when the International Olympic Committee started moving towards acceptance of professional athletes.
The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis.
Even the very most commercialized college sports, such as NCAA football and basketball, do not financially compensate competitors, although coaches and trainers generally are paid.
College football coaches in Texas and other states are often the highest paid state employees, with some drawing salaries of over five million US dollars annually.
Athletic scholarship programs, unlike academic scholarship programs, cannot cover more than the cost of food, housing, tuition, and other university-related expenses.
In order to ensure that the rules are not circumvented, stringent rules restrict gift-giving during the recruitment process as well as during and even after a collegiate athlete's career; college athletes also cannot endorse products, which some may consider a violation of free speech rights.
Some have criticised this system as exploitative; prominent university athletics programs are major commercial endeavors, and can easily rake in millions of dollars in profit during a successful season.
Supporters of the system say that college athletes can always make use of the education they earn as students if their athletic career doesn't pan out, and that allowing universities to pay college athletes would rapidly lead to deterioration of the already-marginal academic focus of college athletics programs.
They also point out that athletic scholarships allow many young men and women who would otherwise be unable to afford to go to college, or would not be accepted, to get a quality education.
Also, most sports other than football and men's basketball do not generate significant revenue for any school (and such teams are often essentially funded by football, basketball, and donations), so it may not be possible to pay athletes in all sports.
Through most of the 20th century the Olympics allowed only amateur athletes to participate and this amateur code was strictly enforced - Jim Thorpe was stripped of track and field medals for having taken expense money for playing baseball in 1912.
Later on, the nations of the Communist bloc entered teams of Olympians who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis.
Near the end of the 1960s, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet team's full-time athletes and the other constantly improving European teams.
They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues but met opposition from the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in Montreal and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
The decision was reversed in January 1970 after IOC President Avery Brundage said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in jeopardy if the change was made.
However, NHL players were still not allowed to play in the Olympics, because of the unwillingness of the NHL to take a break mid-season and the IOC's amateur-only policy.
The IOC had adopted a rule that made any player who had signed an NHL contract but played less than ten games in the league eligible.
However, the United States Olympic Committee maintained that any player contracted with an NHL team was a professional and therefore not eligible to play.
The IOC held an emergency meeting that ruled NHL-contracted players were eligible, as long as they had not played in any NHL games.
Canadian hockey official Alan Eagleson stated that the rule was only applied to the NHL and that professionally contracted players in European leagues were still considered amateurs.
In 1986, the IOC voted to allow all athletes to compete in Olympic Games starting in 1988, but let the individual sport federations decide if they wanted to allow professionals.
After the 1972 retirement of IOC President Avery Brundage, the Olympic amateurism rules were steadily relaxed, amounting only to technicalities and lip service, until being completely abandoned in the 1990s (In the United States, the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 prohibits national governing bodies from having more stringent standards of amateur status than required by international governing bodies of respective sports.
Olympic regulations regarding amateur status of athletes were eventually abandoned in the 1990s with the exception of wrestling, where the amateur fight rules are used due to the fact that professional wrestling is largely staged with pre-determined outcomes.
Starting from the 2016 Summer Olympics, professionals were allowed to compete in boxing, though amateur fight rules are still used for the tournament.
On English overseas tours, some of which in the 19th century were arranged and led by professional cricketer-promoters such as James Lillywhite, Alfred Shaw and Arthur Shrewsbury, a more pragmatic approach generally prevailed.
In England the division was reflected in, and for a long time reinforced by, the series of Gentlemen v Players matches between amateurs and professionals.
Few cricketers changed their status, but there were some notable exceptions such as Wally Hammond who became (or was allowed to become) an amateur in 1938 so that he could captain England.
An anecdote narrated by Fred Root epitomises the difference between amateurs and professionals: In a match against Glamorgan, the batsmen, Arnold Dyson and Eddie Bates, had collided mid-pitch, and the ball was returned to Root, the bowler.
In Australia the amateur-professional division was rarely noticed in the years before World Series Cricket, as many top level players expected to receive something for their efforts on the field: before World War 1 profit-sharing of tour proceeds was common.
Before the Partition of India some professionalism developed, but talented cricketers were often employed by wealthy princely or corporate patrons and thus retained a notional amateur status.
Women's cricket has always been almost entirely amateur, however, the recent popularity of women's sport has seen many top level female cricketers become fully professional, with top international players earning up to $300,000 before endorsements and franchise contracts.
For example, in the recent Team Racing Worlds, and certainly the American Team Racing Nationals, most of the sailors competing in the event were amateurs.
While many competitive sailors are employed in businesses related to sailing (primarily sailmaking, naval architecture, boatbuilding and coaching), most are not compensated for their own competitions.
In large keelboat racing, such as the Volvo Around the World Race and the America's Cup, this amateur spirit has given way in recent years to large corporate sponsorships and paid crews.
In 1992, trust funds were abolished, and the International Skating Union voted both to remove most restrictions on amateurism, and to allow skaters who had previously lost their amateur status to apply for reinstatement of their eligibility.
A number of skaters, including Brian Boitano, Katarina Witt, Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean, and Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergei Grinkov, took advantage of the reinstatement rule to compete at the 1994 Winter Olympics.
However, when all of these skaters promptly returned to the pro circuit again, the ISU decided the reinstatement policy was a failure and it was discontinued in 1995.
Rugby has provided one of the most visible and lasting examples of the tension between amateurism and professionalism during the development of nationally organised sports in Britain in the late-19th century.
The split in rugby in 1895 between what became rugby league and rugby union arose as a direct result of a dispute over the pretence of a strict enforcement of its amateur status - clubs in Leeds and Bradford were fined after compensating players for missing work, whilst at the same time the Rugby Football Union (RFU) was allowing other players to be paid.
Rugby football, despite its origins in the privileged English public schools, was a popular game throughout England by around 1880, including in the large working-class areas of the industrial north.
However, as the then-amateur sport became increasingly popular and competitive, attracting large paying crowds, teams in such areas found it difficult to attract and retain good players.
This was because physically fit local men needed to both work to earn a wage - limiting the time that they could devote to unpaid sport - and to avoid injuries that might prevent them working in the future.
Certain teams faced with these circumstances wanted to pay so-called 'broken time' money to their players to compensate them for missing paid work due to their playing commitments, but this contravened the amateur policy of the Rugby Football Union (RFU).
Following a lengthy dispute on this point during the early 1890s, representatives of more than 20 prominent northern rugby clubs met in Huddersfield in August 1895 to form the Northern Rugby Football Union (NRFU), a breakaway administrative body which would permit payments to be made to players.
The NRFU initially adopted established RFU rules for the game itself, but soon introduced a number of changes, most obviously a switch from 15 to 13 players per side.
It became the Rugby Football League in 1922, by which time the key differences in the two codes were well established, with the 13-a-side variant becoming known as rugby league.
The RFU took strong action against the clubs involved in the formation of the NRFU, all of whom were deemed to have forfeited their amateur status and therefore to have left the RFU.
A similar interpretation was applied to all players who played either for or against such clubs, whether or not they themselves received any compensation.
These comprehensive and enduring sanctions, combined with the very localised nature of most rugby competition, meant that most northern clubs had little practical alternative but to affiliate with the NRFU in the first few years of its existence.
Rugby football in Britain therefore became subject to a de facto schism along regional - and to some extent class - lines, reflecting the historical origins of the split.
Rugby league - in which professionalism was permitted - was predominant in northern England, particularly in industrial areas, and was viewed as a working class game.
Rugby union - which remained amateur - was predominant in the rest of England, as well as in Wales and Scotland.
Rugby union also had a more affluent reputation, although there are areas - notably in South Wales and in certain English cities such as Gloucester - with a strong working-class rugby union tradition.
Discrimination against rugby league players could verge on the petty - former Welsh international Fred Perrett was once excluded in lists of players who died in the First World War due to his 'defection' to the league code.
However, while the professional-amateur divide remained in force, there was originally very limited crossover between the two codes, the most obvious occasions being when top-class rugby union players 'switched codes' to rugby league in order to play professionally.
Union has swiftly grown to embrace the professional game with many league players joining union to take a slice of the larger amounts of money available in the sport.
Nowadays, while rugby union no longer makes the professional-amateur distinction, the professional-amateur split still exists within rugby league with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA) strictly amateur, though it allows some ex-professionals to play provided they are no longer under contract.
The most recent club to get a ban for fielding a contracted professional was Brighouse Rangers who were expelled from the National Conference League during 2007-2008 season, and the player handed a sine die ban (though in part for gouging ), although the club itself has since been admitted to the Pennine League.
The Campeonato Argentino, the national championship for provincial teams, does not include players contracted to the country's Super Rugby side, the Jaguares.
As numbers of young people became alienated from social norms, they resisted and looked for alternative recreational activities, including that of throwing a Frisbee.
What started with a few players, in the sixties, like Victor Malafronte, Z Weyand and Ken Westerfield experimenting with new ways of throwing and catching a Frisbee, later would become known as playing freestyle.
Organized disc sports, in the 1970s, began with promotional efforts from Wham-O and Irwin Toy (Canada), a few tournaments and professionals using Frisbee show tours to perform at universities, fairs and sporting events.
Two sports, the team sport of disc ultimate and disc golf are very popular worldwide and are now being played semi professionally.
The World Flying Disc Federation, Professional Disc Golf Association, and the Freestyle Players Association, are the official rules and sanctioning organizations for flying disc sports worldwide.
The object of the game is to score points by passing the disc to members of your own team, on a rectangular field, 120 yards (110m) by 40 yards (37m), until you have successfully completed a pass to a team member in the opposing teams end zone.
Ultimate has started to be played semi-professionally with two newly formed leagues, the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) and Major League Ultimate (MLU).
The game of guts was invented by the Healy Brothers in the 1950s and developed at the International Frisbee Tournament (IFT) in Marquette, Michigan.
The game of ultimate, the most widely played disc game, began in the late 1960s with Joel Silver and Jared Kass.
In the 1970s it developed as an organized sport with the creation of the Ultimate Players Association with Dan Roddick, Tom Kennedy and Irv Kalb.
Sports teams commonly exist at the high school level; students who participate, commonly referred to as student athletes, do so during their course of study.
The benefit of sports in high school is debated; some believe that they promote discipline and teamwork, while others find that they can cause injury.
One study on the relationship between high school athletic and academic successes finds that, for the most part, higher participation and success rates in sports is positively related school-wide student successes on academic outcomes such as standardized test scores and educational attainment.
The National Center for Educational Statistics reports that student athletes have a 20% higher chance of completing a college degree, and are more likely to be employed and in better health than non-athletes.
However, a survey of high school athletes in 2006 showed that high school athletes are more likely to cheat inside of the classroom than non-athletes, especially boys participating in football, baseball, and basketball and girls participating in softball and basketball.
In the world of middle school and high school sports, several fees have risen over the last few years making sports more expensive.
Studies have shown that the more physical activity one participates in as a child, the happier and more stable that person will be as an adult.
Thus, the more students who participate in school sports, the more students who will find themselves balanced and successful adults later in life.
Amateur Championship, British Amateur Championship, U.S. Women's Amateur, British Ladies Amateur, Walker Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Curtis Cup and Espirito Santo Trophy.
However, amateur golfers are far less known than players of professional golf tours such as the PGA Tour and European Tour.
Still, a few amateurs are invited to compete in open events, such as the U.S. Open and British Open or non-open event, such as the Masters Tournament.
They have been a presence in Formula One for many years - drivers such as Felipe Nasr, Esteban Gutiérrez and Rio Haryanto bring sponsorship to the tune of $30 million for a seat, even in backmarker teams.
In Ireland, the Gaelic Athletic Association, or GAA, protects the amateur status of the country's national sports, including Gaelic football, Hurling and Camogie.
Young, Gay and Proud was a book written for adolescents who are exploring a gay identity.. An earlier publication with the same title was published in 1977 by the Gay Teachers and Students Group (GTSG) in Melbourne, Victoria.
William Charles Cole Claiborne (c. 1773-75 – 23 November 1817) was an American politician, best known as the first non-colonial Governor of Louisiana.
He also has the distinction of possibly being the youngest Congressman in U.S. history, although reliable sources differ about his age.
He won the first election for Louisiana's state Governor and served through 1816, for a total of thirteen years as Louisiana's executive administrator.
The date is unknown, but has been variously quoted as being 13 August 1773, or between 23 November 1773 and 23 November 1774, or in August 1775.
He was a descendant of Colonel William Claiborne (1600–1677), an English pioneer who was born in Crayford, Kent, England and settled in the Colony of Virginia.
At the age of 16 he moved to New York City, where he worked as a clerk under John Beckley, the clerk of the United States House of Representatives, which was then seated in that city.
He won, and succeeded Andrew Jackson, though he apparently was not yet twenty-five years of age as required by the United States Constitution.
The United States presidential election of 1800 was decided in the House of Representatives, due to a tie in the Electoral College, by which time Claiborne had already turned 25 years old.
From 1803-1804, he offered a two-thousand dollar reward, to eliminate, once and for all, a gang of outlaws headed by the notorious Samuel Mason.
When a smallpox epidemic broke out in the spring of 1802, Claiborne's actions resulted in the first recorded mass vaccination in the territory and saved Natchez from the disease.
Relations with Louisiana's Créole population were initially rather strained: Claiborne was young, inexperienced, and unsure of himself, and at the time of his arrival spoke no French.
The white elite were initially alarmed when Claiborne retained the services of free people of color in the militia, who had served with considerable distinction during the preceding forty-year Spanish rule.
Claiborne bestowed a ceremonial flag and 'colors' on the battalion, an act which would enmesh him in a duel three years later.
Claiborne gradually gained the confidence of the French elite and oversaw the taking in of Francophone refugees from the Haitian Revolution.
An event which is now said to have been the largest slave revolt in U.S. history, the 1811 German Coast Uprising, occurred while Claiborne was the territorial Governor.
Federal military forces arrived too late to either capture the slave rebels or prevent what amounted to their slaughter at the hands of the local militia, i.e., the powerful white planters along the Mississippi River.
Claiborne himself wrote at least twice to parish officials requesting that they refer cases to him for executive pardon or clemency, rather than accept the wholesale death sentences which were being handed out in Orleans Parish, as well as in St. Charles Parish and St. John the Baptist Parish.
The only known beneficiaries of his pardon were two men named Theodore and Henry; however, no records exist of Claiborne refusing any other pardon requests related to the rebellion.
After the Republic of West Florida won a short-lived period of independence (from Spain) in 1810, Claiborne annexed the area to the Orleans Territory on the orders of President James Madison, who determined to consider it as part of the Louisiana Purchase.
Claiborne was the first elected governor after Louisiana became a U.S. state, winning the election of 1812 against Jacques Villeré, and serving from 1812 through 1816.
On the eve of the War of 1812 he sent interpreter Simon Favre to the Choctaws to attempt to keep them out of the war.
Claiborne raised militia companies and negotiated the aid of Jean Lafitte to defend New Orleans from British attack late in 1814.
After his term as governor, Claiborne was elected to the United States Senate, serving from March 4, 1817, until his death on November 23, 1817, which was 20 years to the day after his first day in Congress.
This was a controversial honor, as this was the most prestigious of the city's cemeteries and is a Roman Catholic cemetery, while Claiborne was Protestant.
This installation is still used today for training the Louisiana Army National Guard, particularly by the 256th Infantry Brigade for road marches and land navigation.
Claiborne's first two wives, Eliza Wilson Lewis and Marie Clarisse Duralde, died of yellow fever in New Orleans, within five years of each other.
The younger William Claiborne worked as a cotton factor, served in the Louisiana House of Representatives, and was an officer in the Louisiana Militia and Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
He was the brother of Nathaniel Herbert Claiborne, nephew of Thomas Claiborne, uncle of John Francis Hamtramck Claiborne, granduncle of James Robert Claiborne, great-great-great granduncle of Lindy Boggs, and great-great-great granduncle of Claiborne Pell.
Born at St Helen's House Derby, Strutt was the only son of William Strutt, of St Helen's House, Derbyshire, and the grandson of Jedediah Strutt.
Strutt entered the British House of Commons in 1830, sitting as Member of Parliament for Derby until 1848, when he was unseated on petition.
He was Chief Commissioner of Railways between 1846 and 1848 and served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1853 to 1854 in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government.
He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1846 and in 1856 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Belper, of Belper, in the County of Derby.
Strutt also held the honorary posts of High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire in 1850 and Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire between 1864 and 1880, having been previously a Deputy Lieutenant.
In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and between 1871 and 1879, he was President of University College, London.
Lord Belper died at Eaton Square, Belgravia, London, in June 1880, aged 78, and was succeeded in the barony by his second but eldest surviving son, Henry.
A stained glass window was erected in the north side of the chancel in St. Mary's Church, Nottingham in his memory.
The New Forest is one of the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and forest in Southern England, covering southwest Hampshire and southeast Wiltshire.
Like much of England, the site of the New Forest was once deciduous woodland, recolonised by birch and eventually beech and oak after the withdrawal of the ice sheets starting around 12,000 years ago.
There was still a significant amount of woodland in this part of Britain, but this was gradually reduced, particularly towards the end of the Middle Iron Age around 250–100 BC, and most importantly the 12th and 13th centuries, and of this essentially all that remains today is the New Forest.
There are around 250 round barrows within its boundaries, and scattered boiling mounds, and it also includes about 150 scheduled ancient monuments.
One such barrow in particular may represent the only known inhumation burial of the Early Iron Age and the only known Hallstatt culture burial in Britain; however, the acidity of the soil means that bone very rarely survives.
It was created at the expense of more than 20 small hamlets and isolated farmsteads; hence it was then 'new' as a single compact area.
Twelfth-century chroniclers alleged that William had created the forest by evicting the inhabitants of 36 parishes, reducing a flourishing district to a wasteland; however, this account is thought dubious by most historians, as the poor soil in much of the area is believed to have been incapable of supporting large-scale agriculture, and significant areas appear to have always been uninhabited.
Two of William's sons died in the forest: Prince Richard sometime between 1069 and 1075, and King William II (William Rufus) in 1100.
In this County [Hantshire] is New-Forest, formerly called Ytene, being about 30 miles in compass; in which said tract William the Conqueror (for the making of the said Forest a harbour for Wild-beasts for his Game) caused 36 Parish Churches, with all the Houses thereto belonging, to be pulled down, and the poor Inhabitants left succourless of house or home.
But this wicked act did not long go unpunished, for his Sons felt the smart thereof; Richard being blasted with a pestilent Air; Rufus shot through with an Arrow; and Henry his Grand-child, by Robert his eldest son, as he pursued his Game, was hanged among the boughs, and so dyed.
From God and Saint King Rufus did Churches take, From Citizens town-court, and mercate place, From Farmer lands: New Forrest for to make, In Beaulew tract, where whiles the King in chase Pursues the hart, just vengeance comes apace, And King pursues.
The New Forest became a source of timber for the Royal Navy, and plantations were created in the 18th century for this purpose.
The naval plantations encroached on the rights of the Commoners, but the Forest gained new protection under the New Forest Act 1877, which confirmed the historic rights of the Commoners and entrenched that the total of enclosures was henceforth not to exceed at any time.
The Crown lands have been managed by the Forestry Commission since 1923 and most of the Crown lands now fall inside the new National Park.
Felling of broadleaved trees, and their replacement by conifers, began during the First World War to meet the wartime demand for wood.
During 1941-1945, the Beaulieu, Hampshire Estate of Lord Montagu in the New Forest was the site of group B finishing schools for agents operated by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) between 1941 and 1945.
In 2005, a special exhibition was mounted at the Estate, with a video showing photographs from that era as well as voice recordings of former SOE trainers and agents.
The New Forest became a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1971, and was granted special status as the New Forest Heritage Area in 1985, with additional planning controls added in 1992.
The New Forest was proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 1999, and it became a National Park in 2005.
Forest laws were enacted to preserve the New Forest as a location for royal deer hunting, and interference with the king's deer and its forage was punished.
Commoners must have backup land, outside the Forest, to accommodate these depastured animals when necessary, for example during a foot-and-mouth disease epidemic.
Commons rights are attached to particular plots of land (or in the case of turbary, to particular hearths), and different land has different rights – and some of this land is some distance from the Forest itself.
Rights to graze ponies and cattle are not for a fixed number of animals, as is often the case on other commons.
Ponies are branded with the owner's brand mark; cattle may be branded, or nowadays may have the brand mark on an ear tag.
Grazing of Commoners' ponies and cattle is an essential part of the management of the forest, helping to maintain the heathland, bog, grassland and wood-pasture habitats and their associated wildlife.
Existing families with a new generation heavily rely on inheritance of, rather than mostly the expensive purchase of, a benefitting house with paddock or farm.
With 10 cattle and 40 ponies, a Commoner qualifying for both schemes would receive over £30,000 a year and more if they put out pigs: net of marking fees, feed and veterinary costs this part-time level of involvement across a family is calculated to give annual income in the thousands of pounds in most years.
The New Forest National Park area covers , and the New Forest SSSI covers almost , making it the largest contiguous area of unsown vegetation in lowland Britain.
The NCA covers an area of and is bounded by the Dorset Heaths and Dorset Downs to the west, the West Wiltshire Downs to the north and the South Hampshire Lowlands and South Coast Plain to the east.
The New Forest is drained to the south by three rivers, Lymington River, Beaulieu River and Avon Water, and to the west by the Latchmore Brook, Dockens Water, Linford Brook and other streams.
The Geology of the New Forest consists mainly of sedimentary rock, in the centre of a sedimentary basin known as the Hampshire Basin.
The ecological value of the New Forest is enhanced by the relatively large areas of lowland habitats, lost elsewhere, which have survived.
In 2009, 500 adult southern damselflies were captured and released in the Venn Ottery nature reserve in Devon, which is owned and managed by the Devon Wildlife Trust.
The Forest is an important stronghold for a rich variety of fungi, and although these have been heavily gathered in the past, there are control measures now in place to manage this.
Commoners' cattle, ponies and donkeys roam throughout the open heath and much of the woodland, and it is largely their grazing that maintains the open character of the Forest.
They are also frequently seen in the Forest villages, where home and shop owners must take care to keep them out of gardens and shops.
The New Forest pony is one of the indigenous horse breeds of the British Isles, and is one of the New Forest's most famous attractions – most of the Forest ponies are of this breed, but there are also some Shetlands and their crossbreeds.
Cattle are of various breeds, most commonly Galloways and their crossbreeds, but also various other hardy types such as Highlands, Herefords, Dexters, Kerries and British whites.
The pigs used for pannage are now of various breeds, but the New Forest was the original home of the Wessex Saddleback, now extinct in Britain.
Numerous deer live in the Forest; they are usually rather shy and tend to stay out of sight when people are around, but are surprisingly bold at night, even when a car drives past.
The New Forest is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an EU Special Area of Conservation (SAC), a Special Protection Area for birds (SPA), and a Ramsar Site; it also has its own Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP).
The New Forest itself gives its name to the New Forest district of Hampshire, and the National Park area, of which it forms the core.
The Forest itself is dominated by three large villages, Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst and Burley, with several smaller villages such as Ashurst, Beaulieu, Godshill, Blissford, Fritham, Nomansland, Minstead and Sway also lying within or immediately adjacent.
Outside of the National Park in New Forest District, several clusters of larger towns frame the area - Totton and the Waterside settlements (Marchwood, Dibden, Hythe, Fawley) to the East, Christchurch, New Milton, Milford on Sea, and Lymington to the South, and Fordingbridge and Ringwood to the West.
Consultations on the possible designation of a National Park in the New Forest were commenced by the Countryside Agency in 1999.
An order to create the park was made by the Agency on 24 January 2002 and submitted to the Secretary of State for confirmation in February 2002.
Following objections from seven local authorities and others, a public inquiry was held from 8 October 2002 to 10 April 2003, and concluded by endorsing the proposal with some detailed changes to the boundary of the area to be designated.
On 28 June 2004, Rural Affairs Minister Alun Michael confirmed the government's intention to designate the area as a National Park, with further detailed boundary adjustments.
A national park authority for the New Forest was established on 1 April 2005 and assumed its full statutory powers on 1 April 2006.
The Verderers under the New Forest Acts also retain their responsibilities, and the park authority is expected to co-operate with these bodies, the local authorities, English Nature and other interested parties.
It has a population of about 38,000 (it excludes most of the 170,256 people who live in the New Forest local government district).
As well as most of the New Forest district of Hampshire, it takes in the South Hampshire Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, a small corner of Test Valley district around the village of Canada and part of Wiltshire south-east of Redlynch.
However, the area covered by the Park does not include all the areas initially proposed: it excludes most of the valley of the River Avon to the west of the Forest and Dibden Bay to the east.
Two challenges were made to the designation order, by Meyrick Estate Management Ltd in relation to the inclusion of Hinton Admiral Park, and by RWE NPower Plc in relation to the inclusion of Fawley Power Station.
The High Court upheld the first challenge; but an appeal against the decision was then heard by the Court of Appeal in Autumn 2006.
The final ruling, published on 15 February 2007, found in favour of the challenge by Meyrick Estate Management Ltd, and the land at Hinton Admiral Park is therefore excluded from the New Forest National Park.
Oberon, Titania and the other Shakespearean fairies live in a rapidly diminishing Sherwood Forest whittled away by urban development in the fantasy novel A Midsummer's Nightmare by Garry Kilworth.
On Midsummer's Eve, a most auspicious day, the fairies embark on the long journey to the New Forest in Hampshire where the fairies' magic will be restored to its former glory.
The park, covering an area of in southern England, stretches for from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east through the counties of Hampshire, West Sussex and East Sussex.
The national park covers the chalk hills of the South Downs (which on the English Channel coast form the white cliffs of the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head) and a substantial part of a separate physiographic region, the western Weald, with its heavily wooded sandstone and clay hills and vales.
The South Downs Way spans the entire length of the park and is the only National Trail that lies wholly within a national park.
The idea of a South Downs National Park goes back to the 1920s, when public concern was mounting about increasing threats to the beautiful downland environment, particularly the impact of indiscriminate speculative housing development on the eastern Sussex Downs (Peacehaven was a notorious example of this).
In 1929, the Council for the Preservation of Rural England, led by campaigners including the geographer Vaughan Cornish, submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister urging the case for national parks, including a national park on part of the South Downs.
Extensive damage to the chalk downland from 1940 onwards through arable farming, and a resulting decline in sheep grazing, militated at an early stage against further work on designation.
When in 1956 the National Parks Commission came to consider the case for the South Downs as a national park, it found designation no longer appropriate, noting that the value of the South Downs as a potential national park had been reduced by cultivation.
In due course two AONBs were designated, split along the county boundary, namely the East Hampshire AONB in 1962 and the Sussex Downs AONB in 1966.
In September 1999 the government, following a review of national parks policy, declared support for a South Downs National Park, and announced a consultation on its creation.
In January 2003 the then Countryside Agency (now Natural England) made an Order to designate the proposed park in 2003 which was submitted to the Secretary of State for the Environment on 27 January 2003.
As a result of objections and representations received on the proposed Order, a public inquiry was conducted between 10 November 2003 and 23 March 2005, with the aim of recommending to ministers whether a national park should be confirmed and, if so, where its boundaries should be.
The results of the inquiry were expected by the end of 2005, but were delayed pending a legal issue arising from a High Court case challenging part of the Order designating the New Forest National Park.
Following an appeal on the High Court case and new legislation included in the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, the South Downs Inquiry report was published on 31 March 2006.
It recommended a 23% reduction in the size of the originally proposed national park, focussing it more narrowly on the chalk downland and excluding from it a large part of the existing East Hampshire and Sussex Downs AONBs.
This proved highly controversial, leading to calls from the Campaign for the Protection of Rural England and others for the inclusion of the so-called western Weald, a region within the two AONBs possessing a geology, ecology and landscape quite different from the chalk hills of the South Downs, within the park boundary to ensure that it remained protected from development.
The Secretary of State invited objections and representations on new issues relating to the proposed national park in a consultation that ran from 2 July to 13 August 2007.
In the light of the responses received, the Secretary of State decided that it was appropriate to re-open the 2003–05 public inquiry.
The Secretary of State, Hilary Benn, announced that the South Downs would be designated a national park, and on 12 November 2009 he signed the order confirming the designation.
Importantly, he confirmed that a number of hotly disputed areas, including the western Weald, the town of Lewes and the village of Ditchling, would be included within the national park.
The new national park came into full operation on 1 April 2011 when the new South Downs National Park Authority assumed statutory responsibility for it.
The occasion was marked by an opening ceremony which took place in the market square of Petersfield, a town situated in the western Weald just north of the chalk escarpment of the South Downs.
The SDNPA was established on 1 April 2010, and became fully functioning, including becoming the planning authority for the national park, on 1 April 2011.
It is responsible for promoting the statutory purposes of the national park and the interests of the people who live and work within it.
The board consists of seven national members, appointed by the environment secretary by means of an open recruitment process; fourteen local authority nominees drawn from the fifteen local authorities covering the park area with Adur and Worthing opting to share a place; and six parish council representatives, two for each county.
The chair of SDNPA is Margaret Paren, a former civil servant who after retirement became involved in campaigning for the national park.
The South Downs National Park stretches for across southern England from St Catherine's Hill near Winchester in Hampshire in the west to Beachy Head, near Eastbourne in East Sussex in the east.
In its western half, the southern boundary of the park lies up to inland from the south coast; it thus excludes the major coastal towns and cities of Southampton, Portsmouth, Chichester, Bognor Regis and Littlehampton.
Further east, where the park's southern boundary lies much closer to the coast, it has been carefully drawn to exclude the urban areas of Worthing, Brighton and Hove, Newhaven, Seaford and Eastbourne, which had all made substantial encroachments onto the Downs during the 19th and 20th centuries.
By contrast, the park includes a number of towns situated in the western Weald, including Petersfield, Liss, Midhurst and Petworth, and the two historic Sussex towns of Arundel and Lewes.
The area receives about 39 million visits each year, which is thought likely to increase as a result of the creation of the national park.
Among the district council areas, Chichester District has the largest area at , followed by East Hampshire District with , Winchester with , Lewes District with and Arun .
Apart from a number of boundary revisions, the park incorporates two areas previously designated as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the East Hampshire AONB and Sussex Downs AONB.
However, almost a quarter (23%) of the national park consists of a quite different and strongly contrasting physiographic region, the western Weald, whose densely wooded hills and vales are based on an older Wealden geology of resistant sandstones and softer clays.
The highest point in the national park, Blackdown, at above sea level, is in fact situated in the Weald, on the Greensand Ridge, whereas the highest point on the chalk escarpment of the South Downs, Butser Hill, has an elevation of above sea level.
Most of the national park consists of chalk downland, although a significant part includes the sandstones and clays of the western Weald, a strongly contrasting and distinctive landscape of densely wooded hills and vales.
The chalk was formed in the Late Cretaceous epoch, between 100 million and 66 million years ago, when the area was under the sea.
During the Cenozoic era the chalk was uplifted as part of the Weald uplift which created the great Weald-Artois Anticline, caused by the same orogenic movements that created the Alps.
The relatively resistant chalk rock has, through weathering, resulted in a classic cuesta landform, with a northward-facing chalk escarpment that rises dramatically above the low-lying vales of the Low Weald.
The chalk escarpment reaches the English Channel west of Eastbourne, where it forms the dramatic white cliffs of Beachy Head, the Seven Sisters and Seaford Head.
These cliffs were formed after the end of the last Ice Age, when sea levels rose and the English Channel was formed, resulting in under-cutting of the chalk by the sea.
The South Downs run linearly west-north-westwards from the Eastbourne area through southern Sussex to the Hampshire downs, separating the south coastal plain from the clays and sandstones of the Weald.
Behind the escarpment, on the dip slope, are the characteristic high, smooth, rolling downland hills interrupted by dry valleys and wind gaps, and the major river gaps of the Cuckmere, Ouse, Adur and Arun.
The strata include numerous layers of flint nodules, which have been widely exploited as a material for manufacture of stone tools as well as a building material for dwellings.
In its western section, the national park extends north beyond the chalk escarpment of the South Downs into a quite different and strongly contrasting physiographic region, the western Weald, taking in the valley of the western River Rother, incised into Lower Greensand bedrock, and the densely wooded hills and valleys of the Greensand Ridge and Weald Clay south of Haslemere.
After almost a century of political instability and many civil wars, the Restoration of 1874 sought to achieve political stability in Spain.
It worked effectively until 1898 but then became more difficult to operate because of divisions within the major parties and the growing mobilization of sectors of the electorate.
Despite being modelled on the United Kingdom, Spanish democracy lacked a responsiveness to popular opinion as (until about 1914) the outcome of elections was broadly decided in advance.
It is located in Palaiseau in the south of Paris, on the Paris-Saclay campus, and is a constituent faculty of the Paris Institute of Technology (ParisTech).
ENSTA affords its students a general training course in engineering with the aim of enabling them to design and produce complex systems while meeting strict economic constraints.
The teaching is given by research professors with the participation of numerous auxiliary teachers from the economic and industrial world familiar with the latest technical developments in a wide variety of fields.
The general nature of the training on offer enables ENSTA graduates to find a career in various sectors such as the automotive or naval industry, networks and telecommunications, space propulsion, robotics, oceanology and the environment.
Research, one of the school's primary missions, makes a significant contribution to both fundamental and applied fields, meeting the needs of businesses and also contributing to the school's scholarly outlook.
Roughly half of the research at the school is the responsibility of the school's research professors, and the other half is carried out by researchers from the CNRS, the INSERM and the École polytechnique working at ENSTA premises.
He had identified the need to give the Navy's master carpenters a theoretical education, particularly in mathematics and physics, which were making quick progress, so that they would have a clearer understanding of their trade.
In 1748 it was moved to the royal library on rue Richelieu, and in 1753 to the Louvre Palace, immediately adjacent to the Académie des Sciences.
In 1765, he managed to persuade the duc de Choiseul to reopen it as part of a sweeping overhaul of the navy.
This formed the École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA), the role of which is to train engineers in the naval, mechanical, nuclear, chemical, electronic and related fields.
The scientific skills of each of the founding institutes survives in the broad range of research disciplines covered at ENSTA, as well as in the more general nature of its teaching and the variety of specialities offered to the students.
Tuition fees were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the Labour government to fund tuition for undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities; students were required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition.
However, as a result of the new devolved national administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, there are now different arrangements for tuition fees in each of the nations.
In May 1996, Gillian Shephard, Secretary of State for Education and Employment, commissioned an inquiry, led by the then Chancellor of the University of Nottingham, Sir Ron Dearing, into the funding of British higher education over the next 20 years.
This National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education reported to the new Labour Government, in the summer of 1997, stating additional billions of funding would be needed over the period, including £350 million in 1998–99 and £565 million in 1999–2000, in order to expand student enrolment, provide more support for part-time students and ensure an adequate infrastructure.
In response to the findings, the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 was published on 26 November 1997, and enacted on 16 July 1998, part of which introduced tuition fees in all the countries of the United Kingdom.
Starting with 1999–2000, maintenance grants for living expenses would also be replaced with loans and paid back at a rate of 9% of a graduate's income above £10,000.
Under the Act, universities in England could begin to charge variable fees of up to £3,000 a year for students enrolling on courses as from the academic year of 2006–07 or later.
Following the Browne Review in 2010, the cap was controversially raised to £9,000 a year, sparking large student protests in London.
A judicial review against the raised fees failed in 2012, and so the new fee system came into use that September.
Further adjustments were put forth in the 2015 budget, with a proposed fee increase in line with inflation from the 2017–18 academic year onwards, and the planned scrapping of maintenance grants from September 2016.
In February 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May launched a review of post-18 education funding, including university funding and possible alternatives to tuition fees and loans.
The review panel was expected to report back in early 2019, but as of October 2019, the review is yet to be published.
In England, tuition fees are capped at £9,250 a year for UK and EU students, with around 76% of all institutions charging the full amount in 2015–16.
A loan of the same size is available for most universities, although students at private institutions are only eligible for £6,000 a year loans.
Maintenance grants are also available to current students in England, although these are scheduled to cease with the 2016–17 academic year.
In 2018, this temporary freeze remains in place and it is likely to be extended as a university funding review is carried out.
In the 2015 spending review, the government also proposed a freeze in the repayment threshold for tuition fee loans at £21,000; a figure which was previously set to rise with average earnings.
However, the gap between rich and poor students has slightly narrowed (from 30.5% in 2010 to 29.8% in 2013) since the introduction of the higher fees.
In 2016, The Guardian noted that the number of disadvantaged students applying to university had increased by 72% from 2006 to 2015, a bigger rise than in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.
It wrote that most of the gap between richer and poorer students tends to open up between Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 4 (i.e.
at secondary school), rather than when applying for university, and so the money raised from tuition fees should be spent there instead.
Tuition fees are currently capped at £4,030 in Northern Ireland, with loans of the same size available from Student Finance NI.
Loan repayments are made when income rises above £17,335 a year, with graduates paying back a percentage of their earnings above this threshold.
Young Students are defined as those under 25, without dependent children, marriage, civil partnership or cohabiting partner, who have not been outside of full-time education for more than three years.
The tuition fees are usually £1,820 for undergraduate courses for Scottish & Home students, and £9,250 for students from the rest of the UK.
At the postgraduate level, Scots/Home and RUK usually pay the same amount, commonly between £5,000 and £15,000 per year, while tuition fees for international students can run as high as £30,000 per year.
The Scottish government confirmed in April 2019 that, with regards to tuition fees, EU students would be treated the same as Scottish students for their whole course if they begin studies up until 2020, regardless of how Brexit would be enacted.
Scotland has fewer disadvantaged students than England, Wales or Northern Ireland and disadvantaged students receive around £560 a year less in financial support than their counterparts in England do.
However, Welsh students can apply for fee grants of up to £5,190, in addition to a £3,810 loan to cover these costs.
Students who started university between 1998 and 2011 pay Bank of England base rate plus 1% or RPI, whichever is lower.
As a consequence of the 2012 change, students who graduate in 2017 will pay between 3.1% and 6.1% interest, despite the Bank of England base rate being 0.25%.
If those who have taken out a student loan do not update their details with the Student Loans Company when receiving a letter or an email to update their employment status, or upon leaving the UK for 3 or more months, start a new job or become self-employed, or stop working, then they can possibly face a higher interest rate on their loan.
In June 2019, the Brexit Party stated it would scrap all interest paid on student tuition fees and has suggested reimbursing graduates for historic interest payments made on their loans.
Tuition is paid for by general taxation in Germany, although only around 30% of young people gain higher education qualification there, whereas in the UK the comparable figure is 48%.
Fully or partly funding universities from general taxation has been criticised by the Liberal Democrat party as a 'tax cut for the rich and a tax rise for the poor' because people would be taxed to pay for something that many would not derive a benefit from, while graduates generally earn more due to their qualifications and only have to pay them back.
Jeremy Corbyn, current Labour leader, has stated that he would remove tuition fees and instead fund higher education by increasing National Insurance and Corporation Tax.
A graduate tax has been criticised because there would be no way to recover the money from students who move to a different country, or foreign students who return home.
Carl Otto Ehrenfried Nicolai (9 June 1810 – 11 May 1849) was a German composer, conductor, and one of the founders of the Vienna Philharmonic.
He received his first musical education from his father, Carl Ernst Daniel Nicolai, who was also a composer and musical director.
After initial successes in Germany, including his first symphony (1831) and public concerts, he became musician to the Prussian embassy in Rome.
In 1844 he was offered the position, vacated by Felix Mendelssohn, of Kapellmeister at the Berlin Cathedral; but he did not reestablish himself in Berlin until the last year of his life.
Antonino Tringali-Casanova (April 11, 1888 – October 30, 1943) was an Italian politician who served under Benito Mussolini in the Italian Social Republic.
He was a fascist hardliner, and on July 24, 1943, as member of the Gran Consiglio del Fascismo he voted against the Ordine del Giorno Grandi, joining Mussolini's side.
On October 30, 1943 he died as a result of angina pectoris, and was replaced as Minister of Justice by Piero Pisenti.
In statistics, machine learning, and information theory, dimensionality reduction or dimension reduction is the process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration by obtaining a set of principal variables.
Data analysis such as regression or classification can be done in the reduced space more accurately than in the original space.
The main linear technique for dimensionality reduction, principal component analysis, performs a linear mapping of the data to a lower-dimensional space in such a way that the variance of the data in the low-dimensional representation is maximized.
In practice, the covariance (and sometimes the correlation) matrix of the data is constructed and the eigenvectors on this matrix are computed.
The eigenvectors that correspond to the largest eigenvalues (the principal components) can now be used to reconstruct a large fraction of the variance of the original data.
Moreover, the first few eigenvectors can often be interpreted in terms of the large-scale physical behavior of the system, because they often contribute the vast majority of the system's energy, especially in low-dimensional systems.
The original space (with dimension of the number of points) has been reduced (with data loss, but hopefully retaining the most important variance) to the space spanned by a few eigenvectors.
NMF decomposes a non-negative matrix to the product of two non-negative ones, which has been a promising tool in fields where only non-negative signals exist.
NMF is well known since the multiplicative update rule by Lee & Seung, which has been continuously developed: the inclusion of uncertainties , the consideration of missing data and parallel computation , sequential construction which leads to the stability and linearity of NMF, as well as other updates.
With a stable component basis during construction, and a linear modeling process, sequential NMF is able to preserve the flux in direct imaging of circumstellar structures in astromony, as one of the methods of detecting exoplanets, especially for the direct imaging of circumstellar disks.
In comparison with PCA, NMF does not remove the mean of the matrices which leads to unphysical non-negative fluxes, therefore NMF is able to preserve more information than PCA as demonstrated by Ren et al.
Other prominent nonlinear techniques include manifold learning techniques such as Isomap, locally linear embedding (LLE), Hessian LLE, Laplacian eigenmaps, and methods based on tangent space analysis.
These techniques construct a low-dimensional data representation using a cost function that retains local properties of the data, and can be viewed as defining a graph-based kernel for Kernel PCA.
More recently, techniques have been proposed that, instead of defining a fixed kernel, try to learn the kernel using semidefinite programming.
The central idea of MVU is to exactly preserve all pairwise distances between nearest neighbors (in the inner product space), while maximizing the distances between points that are not nearest neighbors.
An alternative approach to neighborhood preservation is through the minimization of a cost function that measures differences between distances in the input and output spaces.
Important examples of such techniques include: classical multidimensional scaling, which is identical to PCA; Isomap, which uses geodesic distances in the data space; diffusion maps, which use diffusion distances in the data space; t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), which minimizes the divergence between distributions over pairs of points; and curvilinear component analysis.
A different approach to nonlinear dimensionality reduction is through the use of autoencoders, a special kind of feed-forward neural networks with a bottle-neck hidden layer.
The training of deep encoders is typically performed using a greedy layer-wise pre-training (e.g., using a stack of restricted Boltzmann machines) that is followed by a finetuning stage based on backpropagation.
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a generalization of Fisher's linear discriminant, a method used in statistics, pattern recognition and machine learning to find a linear combination of features that characterizes or separates two or more classes of objects or events.
The underlying theory is close to the support vector machines (SVM) insofar as the GDA method provides a mapping of the input vectors into high-dimensional feature space.
Similar to LDA, the objective of GDA is to find a projection for the features into a lower dimensional space by maximizing the ratio of between-class scatter to within-class scatter.
Autoencoders can be used to learn non-linear dimension reduction functions and codings together with an inverse function from the coding to the original representation.
Visually, it is similar to t-SNE, but it assumes that the data is uniformly distributed on a locally connected Riemannian manifold and that the Riemannian metric is locally constant or approximately locally constant.
with number of dimensions more than 10), dimension reduction is usually performed prior to applying a K-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) in order to avoid the effects of the curse of dimensionality.
Feature extraction and dimension reduction can be combined in one step using principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), or non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) techniques as a pre-processing step followed by clustering by K-NN on feature vectors in reduced-dimension space.
A dimensionality reduction technique that is sometimes used in neuroscience is maximally informative dimensions, which finds a lower-dimensional representation of a dataset such that as much information as possible about the original data is preserved.
Tughril Beg (; full name: Rukn al-Dunya wa al-Din Abu Talib Muhammad Toghrul-Beg ibn Mikail, also spelled Toghrul I, Tugril, Toghril, Tugrul or Toghrïl Beg; 990 – September 4, 1063) was the Turkic founder of the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063.
Tughril united the Turkic warriors of the Great Eurasian Steppes into a confederacy of tribes, who traced their ancestry to a single ancestor named Seljuq, and led them in conquest of eastern Iran.
He would later establish the Seljuq Sultanate after conquering Persia and retaking the Abbasid capital of Baghdad from the Buyid dynasty in 1055.
Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimid Caliphate in an effort to expand his empire's borders and unite the Islamic world.
Tughril was the son of Mikail ibn Seljuq; on the death of his father, Tughril and his brother Chaghri were raised by their grandfather Seljuk, who had other sons named Musa Yabghu and Arslan Isra'il, whom Tughril would later accompany into the Iranian plateau during his later life.
This defeat made Arslan Isra'il flee to a place near Sarakhs, where he asked Mahmud for permission to settle in the area in return for military aid.
Although in 1029 they had some disputes with the Kara-Khanids, they continued to support them, and still continued to participate in the Kara-Khanid wars against the Ghaznavids; in 1032, they were present at the Battle of Dabusiyya.
After the Kara-Khanid ruler Ali-Tegin's death, however, the Seljuqs changed their allegiance to the ruler of Khwarazm, Harun, but were in 1035 repelled by the Oghuz ruler Shah Malik.
The Seljuqs then went to the same place which Arslan Isra'il had gone to, and asked the son of Mahmud, Mas'ud I, for asylum.
The army was shortly defeated by the Seljuqs, who forced Mas'ud to cede Nasa, Farava and Dihistan in return for Seljuq recognition of Ghaznavid authority and protection of the region from other Turkic tribes.
The Seljuqs then slowly began subdue the cities of Khorasan, and when they captured Nishapur, Tughril proclaimed himself as the Sultan of Khorasan.
A battle shortly took place near Merv, known as the Battle of Dandanaqan, where the army of Mas'ud was defeated by a much smaller army under Tughril, his brother Chaghri Beg, and the Kakuyid prince Faramurz.
Tughril then installed Chagri as the governor of Khorasan and prevented a Ghaznavid reconquest, then moved on to the conquest of the Iranian plateau in 1040-1044; In 1041/2, Tughril conquered Tabaristan and Gurgan, and appointed a certain Mardavij ibn Bishui as the governor of the region.
In 1042/3, he conquered Ray and Qazvin, and at the same his suzerainty was acknowledged by the Justanid ruler of Dailam.
By 1054 his forces were contending in Anatolia with the Byzantines and in 1055 he was commissioned by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Qa'im to recapture Baghdad from the Buyids.
A revolt by Turcoman forces under his foster brother İbrahim Yinal, Buyid forces and an uprising against the Seljuqs led to the loss of the city to the Fatimids Caliph in 1058.
He died childless in the city of Rey in modern Iran and was succeeded by his nephew Suleiman which was contested by Alp Arslan, both of them sons of his brother Chaghri.
His cousin Kutalmish who had both been a vital part of his campaigns and later a supporter of Inal's rebellion also put forth a claim.
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) is a modern linguistic category applied to the language used in a class of Indian Buddhist texts, such as the Perfection of Wisdom sutras.
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit writings emerged after the codification, supposedly in the 5-6th century BCE, of Classical Sanskrit by the scholar Pāṇini.
While Gautama Buddha was probably familiar with what is now called Sanskrit, his teachings were apparently first promulgated in local languages.
At one point he ruled against translating his teachings into Vedic, saying that to do so would be foolish—Vedic was by that time an archaic and obsolete language.
Buddhist monks began to adapt the language they used to it while remaining under the influence of a linguistic tradition stemming from the proto-canonical Prakrit of the early oral tradition.
While there are widely differing theories regarding the relationship of this language to Pali, it is certain that Pāli is much closer to this language than Sanskrit is.
Most extant BHS works were originally written in BHS, rather than being reworkings or translations of already existing works in Pāli or other languages.
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is primarily studied in the modern world in order to study the Buddhist teachings that it records, and to study the development of Indo-Aryan languages.
Compared to Pāli and Classical Sanskrit, comparatively little study has been made of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, in part because of the fewer available writings, and in part because of the view of some scholars that BHS is not distinct enough from Sanskrit to comprise a separate linguistic category.
Edgerton holds that nearly all Buddhist works in Sanskrit, at least until a late period, belong to a continuous and broadly unitary linguistic tradition.
The language of these works is separate from the tradition of Brahmanical Sanskrit, and goes back ultimately to a semi-Sanskritized form of the protocanonical Prakrit.
The peculiar Buddhist vocabulary of BHS is evidence that BHS is subordinate to a separate linguistic tradition quite separate from standard Sanskrit (Edgerton finds other indications as well).
This group seems to have been made up of converts who received orthodox Brahmanical training in their youth before converting to Buddhism, such as Asvaghosa.
Pāli shares a large proportion of these words; in Edgerton's view, this seems to prove that most of them belong to the special vocabulary of the protocanonical Buddhist Prakrit.
Each rest symbol and name corresponds with a particular note value, indicating how long the silence should last, generally as a multiplier of a measure or whole note.
The only exceptions are for a time signature (four half notes per bar), when a double whole rest is typically used for a bar's rest, and for time signatures shorter than , when a rest of the actual measure length would be used.
For a bar rest, it is also common to use the whole rest instead of the double whole rest, so that a whole-bar rest for all time signatures starting from is notated using a whole note rest.
In instrumental parts, rests of more than one bar in the same meter and key may be indicated with a multimeasure rest (British English: multiple bar rest), showing the number of bars of rest, as shown.
The number of whole-rest lengths for which the multimeasure rest lasts is indicated by a number printed above the musical staff (usually at the same size as the numerals in a time signature).
If a meter or key change occurs during a multimeasure rest, the rest must be broken up as required for clarity, with the change of key and/or meter indicated between the rests.
A rest may also have a dot after it, increasing its duration by half, but this is less commonly used than with notes, except occasionally in modern music notated in compound meters such as or .
In these meters the long-standing convention has been to indicate one beat of rest as a quarter rest followed by an eighth rest (equivalent to three eighths).
After three failed attempts at doing so, she finally goads Samson into telling her that his vigor is derived from his hair.
As he sleeps, Delilah orders a servant to cut Samson's hair, thereby enabling her to turn him over to the Philistines.
Delilah has been the subject of both rabbinic and Christian commentary; rabbinic literature identifies her with Micah's mother in the biblical narrative of Micah's Idol, while some Christians have compared her to Judas Iscariot, the man who betrayed Jesus.
Scholars have noted similarities between Delilah and other women in the Bible, such as Jael and Judith, and have discussed the question of whether the story of Samson's relationship with Delilah displays a negative attitude towards foreigners.
The lords of the Philistines bribed her to discover the source of Samson's great strength, each offering to give her 1,100 silver coins.
Josephus and Pseudo-Philo both view Delilah as a Philistine and a prostitute; Josey Bridges Snyder theorizes that this may be due to the fact that Book of Judges portrays Samson as being attracted to both Philistine women () and prostitutes ().
The Talmud says that Delilah used sex to get Samson to reveal his secret, in spite of the fact that the biblical text does not state that the two had a sexual relationship, while midrash state that Delilah harassed Samson verbally and physically during sex to get him to tell her the source of his strength.
The midrash says that Samson lost his strength because of his relationship with Delilah, a foreign woman, and not because his hair was cut, and that the angel who foretold Samson's birth to his mother knew that Delilah would cause him to break his Nazirite vow.
Because Samson allowed his spiritual state to become diminished, he was vulnerable to losing his strength by having his hair cut.
Normally the length of someone's life or career in the Old Testament is mentioned last for a character to signify the end of his relevance to the narrative.
David Kimhi notes that it is mentioned at the peak of his career; which implies that mentions of Samson afterwards marks his decline and downfall.
It is possible he was not fully aware that cutting his hair would cause God to allow him to lose his strength; since it was actually the decline of his spiritual state that caused him to lose God's favor.
This theory rests on the fact that, in , Micah's mother gives her son 1,100 silver coins to construct his idol, similar to how Delilah was promised 1,100 silver coins to betray her lover by the Philistine leaders.
This tradition explains the conflation of Delilah and Micah's mother by noting that Bible introduces the narrative of Micah's Idol immediately after the narrative of Samson and Delilah.
Rashi disputes this theory, as the Seder Olam Rabbah states that Micah and Samson were not contemporaries and that Micah lived during the time of Othniel.
Christian commentators have viewed Samson as a type of Jesus Christ, based on similarities between Samson's story and the life of Jesus as portrayed in the New Testament Samson's betrayal by Delilah has also been compared to Jesus' betrayal by Judas Iscariot; both Delilah and Judas were paid in pieces of silver for their respective deeds.
However, Thomas de Vio Cajetan views Delilah in a somewhat sympathetic light, suggesting that she never intended Samson to be killed or wounded.
He asserts that Delilah accepted a bribe from the Philistine leaders because they convinced her that Samson would merely be weakened.
Similarly, Billy Graham sees Samson's eyes being gouged out after he was handed over to the Philistines as his punishment for succumbing to his lust for Delilah; Graham also sees this as an example of the concept that one reaps what one sows.
J. Cheryl Exum of the Jewish Women's Archive argues that the author of the Book of Judges would probably not portray Delilah in a negative light if she were a fellow Israelite.
When Samson prepares to collapse the pillars, Delilah does not follow Samson's advice to get out and she dies alongside him when the temple collapses.
After being dared, Bart attempts an ambitious dive into the pool from the top of his treehouse, but gets distracted by Nelson, and falls and breaks his left leg.
This forces Bart to spend the rest of the summer wearing a cast and, unable to socialize with the other children, he retreats to his bedroom.
During Bart's exile in his room, Lisa becomes popular with the other children thanks to the swimming pool, but soon loses her newfound popularity to Martin, who gets an even larger swimming pool.
Bart makes his way over there, just in time to discover that Ned was actually storing an axe and not using it against Lisa.
The episode was originally produced as the season finale of the fifth season, but was held over and aired as the premiere of the sixth.
He credited this to the extra time, and used it to insert little details, such as having Bart get stuck on the fabric of the chair he was in, and wearing his underwear instead of a swimsuit.
Many of the heat wave jokes at the start of the episode were based on past events of the crew's lives.
Krusty's mispronunciation of Ravi Shankar's name was an ad-lib, that Mirkin kept in after the editing process because he liked it so much.
As in the film, a crippled Bart witnesses an apparent murder through his telescope, with musical cues from the film also being used.
The pool dance scene sees Lisa in a role like those of Esther Williams, while Bart's play has similar elements of the works of Anton Chekhov.
For example, Earth's gravitation constantly pulls objects toward its surface, while Earth is one of the objects the Sun constantly pulls towards itself, causing it to orbit the Sun; the Sun, in turn, orbits the center of the Milky Way; and so on.
Given an inertial frame of reference, Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest, while the motion of a moving object will remain unchanged until acted upon by an external force.
An object at rest, therefore, can be described as without velocity and acceleration—although, according to relativity, an object is either at rest or in motion relative to other moving objects.
Jacques Phillippe Villeré (April 28, 1761 – March 7, 1830) was the second Governor of Louisiana after it became a state.
His father was Joseph Antoine de Villeré, an official in the French Navy during the reign of King Louis XV and later a colonial militia captain in the German Coast area of present-day southeast Louisiana.
Villeré's grandfather, Etienne Roy de Villeré, had accompanied Iberville on the voyage from France to the Gulf coast, late in the 17th century, during the reign of Louis XIV.
Jacques's mother was Louise Marguerite de la Chaise, daughter of Jacques de la Chaise and granddaughter, on her mother's side, of Charles Frederick d’Arensbourg.
Villeré joined the French Army and was educated for two years in France at the Crown's expense, due to his father's death at the hands of O'Reilly.
His mother's death in the 1780s brought him back to settle in Louisiana (New Spain), which became a possession of the United States about twenty years later.
In 1814-15, he served with distinction in the (War of 1812's) Battle of New Orleans, as a major general commanding the 1st Division of the Louisiana Militia.
His men stood fast, assigned to the area near Lake Borgne and Bayou Dupre, as British forces approached New Orleans by sea.
In fact, Villeré's son Gabriel, who had the rank of major and guarded the plantation with thirty soldiers, was surprised and captured when the British Army initially made its presence known.
Maj. Villeré managed to escape and report the news to Gen. Andrew Jackson, who ordered the night attack of December 23, 1814.
The family's property was damaged and they lost a number of slaves, who were taken aboard Royal Navy vessels and later freed.
In 1784, Villeré married Jeanne Henriette de Fazende, the daughter of Gabriel de Fazende, who owned a plantation seven miles (11 km) below New Orleans in present-day Saint Bernard Parish.
He ran for Governor in 1812, to serve as the first governor after statehood, but was defeated in the election by William C. C. Claiborne who was elected overwhelmingly with over 70% of the vote.
He took office in December of that year and served through 1820, a period of prosperity and growth for the new state.
His gubernatorial administration was noted for efforts to provide bankruptcy protection for debtors, the designation of death-by-dueling as a capital offense, and reduction of the level of state debt.
He retired to the family's sugar plantation in St. Bernard Parish after his term, as the law did not permit him to succeed himself in office.
Villeré was brought out of retirement to run again for governor in the 1824 election, but he and Bernard de Marigny split the Creole vote and Henry Johnson was elected governor.
The plumage is mostly white, with the exception of the tail and some of the wing feathers, which are black with a greenish-purplish sheen.
The juvenile differs from the adult, with the former having a feathered head and a yellow bill, compared to the black adult bill.
The habitat of the wood stork can vary, but it must have a tropical or subtropical climate with fluctuating water levels.
During the breeding season, which is initiated when the water levels drop and can occur anytime between November and August, a single clutch of three to five eggs is laid.
They fledge 60 to 65 days after hatching, although only about 31% of nests fledge a chick in any given year, with most chicks dying during their first two weeks, despite being watched by an adult during that time.
During the dry season, fish and insects are eaten, compared to the addition of frogs and crabs during the wet season.
Predators of the wood stork include raccoons, which predate chicks, northern crested caracaras, which prey on eggs, and other birds of prey, which feed on both eggs and chicks.
Humans also cause nest failures through ecotourism, although observation through binoculars about away does not have a large effect on nesting success.
In both North and South America, habitat alteration has caused the wood stork to decline, with levee and drainage systems in the Everglades causing a shift in the timing of breeding and thus a decrease in breeding success.
A fossil fragment from the Touro Passo Formation found at Arroio Touro Passo (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) might be of the living species; it is at most from the Late Pleistocene age, a few 10,000s of years ago.
This phylogeny is based on a 1996 study that sequenced the B chromosome and then utilized DNA–DNA hybridization to find the relations between the storks.
The male typically weighs , with a mean weight of ; the female weighs , with a mean weight of .
Newly hatched chicks have a sparse coat of grey down () that is replaced by a dense, wooly, and white down () in about 10 days.
This stork is able to adapt to a variety of tropical and subtropical wetland habitats having fluctuating water levels (as that initiates breeding).
The height of these nests is variable, with some nests located in shorter mangrove trees being at heights of about , compared to a height of about for taller mangrove trees.
The nest itself is built by the male from sticks and green twigs collected from the colony and the surrounding area.
The greenery usually starts to be added before the eggs are laid but after the main structure of twigs is completed.
If only one stork is attending the nest when it is forced out, then it usually waits for its mate to try to take the nest back over.
Breeding is initiated by a drop in the water level combined with an increased density of fish (with the former likely triggering the latter).
This is because a decrease in the water level and an increased density of fish allows for an adequate amount of food for the nestlings.
During the first week of incubation, the parents do not go far from the colony, with the exception of the short trips to forage, drink, and collect nesting material carried out by the non-incubating bird.
After a few hours of incubation, this bird sometimes takes a break to stretch, preen itself, rearrange nest material, or turn the eggs.
The eggs hatch in the order in which they were laid, with an interval of a few days between when each egg hatches.
The chicks are not left alone until at least three weeks of age, with one parent foraging while the other guards the nest and chicks.
They fledge 60 to 65 days after hatching, and reach sexual maturity at four years of age, although they usually do not successfully fledge chicks until their fifth year of age.
The hatching success, the percentage of birds that had at least one egg that hatched in a year, of the wood stork is around 62%.
During the wet season, on the other hand, fish make up about half the diet, crabs make up about 30%, and insects and frogs make up the rest.
The wood stork eats larger fish more often than smaller fish, even in some cases where the latter is more abundant.
In the dry season, this bird generally forages by slowly walking forward with its bill submerged in the water while groping for food.
During this period, foot stirring, where the stork walks very slowly with the bill in water while pumping its foot up and down before every step, is used about 35% of the time.
Because of its non-visual foraging methods, the wood stork requires shallow water and a high density of fish to forage successfully.
The water that it forages in during the dry season averages about in depth, while during the wet season, the water usually is about deep.
In the dry season, this stork prefers to forage in waters with no emergent vegetation, whereas in the wet season, it prefers areas with vegetation emerging between above the surface on average.
The chicks are mainly fed fish that are between in length, with the length of the fish usually increasing as the chicks get older.
The amount of food that the chicks get changes over time, with more being fed daily from hatching to about 22 days, when food intake levels off.
When it is not sufficiently warm and clear, such as in the late afternoon or on cloudy days, this stork alternates between flapping its wings and gliding for short periods of time.
When it is warm and clear, this bird glides after it gains an altitude of at least through continuously flapping its wings.
It does not have to flap its wings during this time because the warm thermals are strong enough to support its weight.
Because of the energy that is conserved by soaring, this stork usually uses this method to fly to more distant areas.
During the breeding season, the wood stork commonly defecates over the edge of its nest, while the chicks usually defecate inside.
Normally, it excretes by leaning forward and slightly raising its tail, with the waste either going straight down or slightly backwards.
When it is hot, though, the adult takes a different position, quickly moving its tail downwards and forwards while twisting its body around to aim at a leg that is bent backwards (this is called urohidrosis).
It generally hits the legs around the middle of the unfeathered tibia, and runs down the leg as it is being directed by the scales.
The temperature at which this starts is slightly above the threshold for panting, the latter of which takes place at temperatures of about and above, compared to the normal body temperature of about .
Globally, the wood stork is considered least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its large range.
This is a recovery from its former status as endangered, which it held from 1984 to 2014 because of a decline in its population caused by habitat loss and drought.
Similarly, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, its decline seems to have been reversed: after an absence between the late 1960s and the mid-1990s, the species is now again regularly encountered there, in particular in the Tubarão River region.
It is likely that the Paraná River region's wetlands served as a stronghold of the species, from where it is now re-colonizing some of its former haunts.
Disturbance by tourists can have an effect on nesting success, with a study finding that nests that had boats passing by them within about had an average of 0.1 chicks fledging, compared to the normal rate for that area of about 0.9 chicks fledging per nest.
In the Everglades, levee and drainage systems have caused the timing of water fluctuations to change, thus shifting the timing of nesting and consequently a decrease in population.
The Association of Jewish Libraries (AJL) is an international organization dedicated to the production, collection, organization and dissemination of Judaic resources and library/media/information service.
It was formed through a merger of two organizations: The Jewish Librarians Association, founded in 1946, which concerned itself with collections of Judaica in academic, archival or research institutions, and The Jewish Library Association, founded in 1962, which concerned itself with collections in the synagogue, school and community, as well as other smaller libraries and media centers.
The journal seeks to publish research articles and essays related to the development and management of Judaica collections in all types of libraries and archives, the initiation and coordination of digital curation projects, the creation and dissemination of information resources in all formats, and the promotion of Jewish information literacy for diverse audiences through various outreach activities.
The Association of Jewish Libraries awards the Sydney Taylor Book Award annually for books that authentically portray the Jewish experience in children's literature, the Sydney Taylor Manuscript Award for the most promising unpublished Judaic manuscript for children and the AJL Jewish Fiction Award for works of fiction for adult readers with significant Jewish thematic content.
The AJL Conference, held annually, is a valuable way for Judaica librarians to share ideas, learn, and network with their peers.
A variety of techniques may be used to make the cut, but a doctor will generally crush the ventral meatus, urethra, and upper frenulum for 60 seconds with a straight Kelly hemostat and then divide the crush line with fine-tipped scissors.
Depending on the anatomy of the individual and the extent of the split, meatotomy performed with a scalpel may involve heavy bleeding, while crush and cauterisation methods are relatively bloodless.
Aside from the exposure of previously internal tissues, the newly enlarged urethral opening may hinder the ability to control the direction and shape of one's urine stream.
This may result in messy urination and require that the meatotomized individual sit while urinating; however, this is not universally true.
The continent of Antarctica is so cold and dry that it has supported only 2 vascular plants for millions of years, and its flora presently consists of around 250 lichens, 100 mosses, 25-30 liverworts, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic algal species, which live on the areas of exposed rock and soil around the shore of the continent.
Several Antarctic island groups are considered part of the Antarctica realm, including South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands, the South Shetland Islands, Bouvet Island, the Crozet Islands, Prince Edward Islands, Heard Island, the Kerguelen Islands, and the McDonald Islands.
These islands have a somewhat milder climate than Antarctica proper, and support a greater diversity of tundra plants, although they are all too windy and cold to support trees.
Antarctic krill is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, crabeater seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds.
The ocean there is so full of phytoplankton because around the ice continent water rises from the depths to the light flooded surface, bringing nutrients from all oceans back to the photic zone.
Millions of years ago, Antarctica was warmer and wetter, and supported the Antarctic flora, including forests of podocarps and southern beech.
Antarctica was also part of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwanaland, which gradually broke up by continental drift starting 110 million years ago.
The separation of South America from Antarctica 30-35 million years ago allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to form, which isolated Antarctica climatically and caused it to become much colder.
The Antarctic flora subsequently died out in Antarctica, but is still an important component of the flora of southern Neotropic (South America) and Australasia, which were also former parts of Gondwana.
Some botanists recognize an Antarctic Floristic Kingdom that includes Antarctica, New Zealand, and parts of Temperate South America where the Antarctic Flora is still a major component.
Starting in February 1799, he organized meetings to discuss a collective response to a tax the federal government had levied in response to the Quasi-War.
Federal officers who were sent to Pennsylvania to collect its portion of the tax were resisted by a party of opposition which Fries had rallied from among the German speaking populations of Montgomery, Lehigh, Bucks and Berks counties.
At Bethlehem, 7 March 1799, the United States marshal was compelled by this party to release 30 prisoners who had been arrested for refusing to obey the law.
The rebellion was at length put down by the militia which U.S. President John Adams ordered out, and among those captured was Fries, who was subsequently twice trialed and on each occasion sentenced to death.
In April 1800 he was pardoned by President Adams, who at the same time proclaimed an amnesty to all concerned in the rebellion.
Some sources report that he became a prosperous merchant of tin ware in Philadelphia, but Thomas Denton McCormick states there is no evidence to back this story, and also says he just continued his auctioneering career.
A Tillana or thillana is a rhythmic piece in Carnatic music that is generally performed at the end of a concert and widely used in classical indian dance performances.
The sixth Baron Beaumont was created Viscount Beaumont (the first creation of this rank in England) in 1432; after the death of his son the 2nd Viscount both titles fell into abeyance.
In 1840 the abeyance of the barony was terminated in favour of Miles Thomas Stapleton who was called to the peerage as the 8th Baron Beaumont.
His paternal great-great-grandfather Nicholas Errington (d.1716), of Pont-Eland, Northumberland, had adopted the surname and arms of Stapleton having inherited the manor of Carlton from his childless uncle Miles Stapleton, 1st Baronet.
The barony was briefly in abeyance again following the death of the 10th Baron and was called out in favour of his daughter, Mona, in 1896.
Their eldest son Miles succeeded his mother as 12th Baron Beaumont in 1971, his father as 4th Baron Howard of Glossop in 1972 and, in 1975, his second cousin once removed Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk as 17th Duke of Norfolk.
The Stapleton family's seat was Carlton Towers (built upon their ancient manor of Carlton) which in 1971 was inherited by the 17th Duke of Norfolk from his mother Mona Stapleton, 11th Baroness Beaumont.
Gilead or Gilad (; , – Ǧalʻād, Jalaad) is the name of three people and two geographic places in the Bible.
If this is the case, it is likely derived from , which in turn comes from ('heap, mound, hill') and ('witness, testimony').
The deep ravine of the river Yarmuk (the Classical-period Hieromax, modern-day Shari'at al-Manaḍirah) separated Bashan from Gilead, which was about in length and in breadth, extending from near the south end of the Lake of Gennesaret to the north end of the Dead Sea.
After the two kings were defeated, the region of Gilead was allotted by Moses to the tribes of Gad, Reuben, and the eastern half of Manasseh (; ).
In the Book of Judges, the thirty sons of the biblical judge Jair controlled the thirty towns of Gilead (), and in the First Book of Chronicles, Segub controlled twenty-three towns in Gilead ().
Gilead (, Ǧalʻād or Jalaad) is an Arabic term used to refer to the mountainous land extending north and south of Jabbok.
In economics, goods are materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product.
A good may be a consumable item that is useful to people but scarce in relation to its demand, so that human effort is required to obtain it.
Private goods are things owned by people, such as televisions, living room furniture, wallets, cellular telephones, almost anything owned or used on a daily basis that is not food related.
For example, a microwave oven or a bicycle that is sold to a consumer is a final good or consumer good, but the components that are sold to be used in those goods are intermediate goods.
Commercial goods are construed as any tangible product that is manufactured and then made available for supply to be used in an industry of commerce.
Commercial and personal goods as categories are very broad and cover almost everything a person sees from the time they wake up in their home, on their commute to work to their arrival at the workplace.
Although in economic theory all goods are considered tangible, in reality certain classes of goods, such as information, only take intangible forms.
For example, among other goods an apple is a tangible object, while news belongs to an intangible class of goods and can be perceived only by means of an instrument such as print or television.
Some things are useful, but not scarce enough to have monetary value, such as the Earth's atmosphere, these are referred to as 'free goods'.
Ultimately, whether an object is a good or a bad depends on each individual consumer and therefore, it is important to realize that not all goods are good all the time and not all goods are goods to all people.
A tangible good like an apple differs from an intangible good like information due to the impossibility of a person to physically hold the latter, whereas the former occupies physical space.
An elastic good is one for which there is a relatively large change in quantity due to a relatively small change in price, and therefore is likely to be part of a family of substitute goods; for example, as pen prices rise, consumers might buy more pencils instead.
An inelastic good is one for which there are few or no substitutes, such as tickets to major sporting events, original works by famous artists, and prescription medicine such as insulin.
For example, if a rise in the price of beef results in a decrease in the quantity of beef demanded, it is likely that the quantity of hamburger buns demanded will also drop, despite no change in buns' prices.
It is important to note that goods considered complements or substitutes are relative associations and should not be understood in a vacuum.
The degree to which a good is a substitute or a complement depends on its relationship to other goods, rather than an intrinsic characteristic, and can be measured as cross elasticity of demand by employing statistical techniques such as covariance and correlation.
Services do not normally involve transfer of ownership of the service itself, but may involve transfer of ownership of goods developed or marketed by a service provider in the course of the service.
For example, sale of storage related goods, which could consist of storage sheds, storage containers, storage buildings as tangibles or storage supplies such as boxes, bubble wrap, tape, bags and the like which are consumables, or distributing electricity among consumers is a service provided by an electric utility company.
While the service (namely, distribution of electrical energy) is a process that remains in its entirety in the ownership of the electric service provider, the goods (namely, electric energy) is the object of ownership transfer.
The consumer becomes electric energy owner by purchase and may use it for any lawful purposes just like any other goods.
It is the only native ibis species in its range that has an overall white plumage with a black neck and head.
The black-headed ibis is one of several large waterbird species in south and south-east Asia, with adults measuring 65–76 cm in length.
The head of some breeding adults gain a blueish tinge, or very rarely have a pink or bright red patch behind the neck.
Some breeding adults also develop tufts of white feathers behind the neck, and rarely also get a yellowish colouration on the breast and back.
Sexes are identical but juveniles are identifiable from adults in having greyish feathering on the neck and speckled brown-grey feathering on the wings and back.
Like storks and spoonbills, it lacks a true voice-producing mechanism and is silent except for ventriloquistic grunts uttered by pairs at the nest.
Black-headed ibis are native to the following countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russian Federation, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam.
The species is a widespread breeding bird in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar, and has declined considerably to few locations or breeding colonies in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
These include freshwater and salt-water marshes, lakes and ponds, as also rice fields, freshly ploughed crop fields, irrigation canals, riversides, reservoirs, urban lakes, open sewage gutters, grazing lots, and garbage dumping sites.
Ibis alter use of varied preferred foraging habitats by season in agricultural landscapes such as in south-western Uttar Pradesh in India.
In summer, they largely use and prefer natural marshes and fallow fields, but in the monsoon, spread out more evenly to also use a variety of agricultural fields.
Open sewage lines are used more during the dry summers, and ibis increase the use of grazing lands during the monsoon.
He sounded the shofar and rallied the Israelite tribes, who killed the Moabites, cutting off the fords of the Jordan River, and invaded Moab itself, killing about 10,000 Moabite soldiers.
Coogan argues that the story of Ehud was probably a folk tale of local origin that was edited by the Deuteronomistic historians.
However, the scope and aims of ecoinformatics are certainly broader than the development of metadata standards to be used in documenting datasets.
Ecoinformatics aims to facilitate environmental research and management by developing ways to access, integrate databases of environmental information, and develop new algorithms enabling different environmental datasets to be combined to test ecological hypotheses.
For this reason, much of today's ecoinformatics research relates to the branch of computer science known as Knowledge representation, and active ecoinformatics projects are developing links to activities such as the Semantic Web.
Current initiatives to effectively manage, share, and reuse ecological data are indicative of the increasing importance of fields like Ecoinformatics to develop the foundations for effectively managing ecological information.
Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.
Gay-Lussac is most often recognized for the Pressure Law which established that the pressure of an enclosed gas is directly proportional to its temperature and which he was the first to formulate (c. 1808).
He is also sometimes credited with being the first to publish convincing evidence that shows the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of gas kept at a constant volume.
For example, Gay-Lussac found that 2 volumes of hydrogen and 1 volume of oxygen would react to form 2 volumes of gaseous water.
Based on Gay-Lussac's results, Amedeo Avogadro hypothesized that, at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gas contain equal numbers of molecules (Avogadro's law).
Avogadro's hypothesis, however, was not initially accepted by chemists until the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro was able to convince the First International Chemical Congress in 1860.
This law is often referred to as Gay-Lussac's law of pressure–temperature, between 1800 and 1802, discovered the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of gas kept at a constant volume.
If a gas's temperature increases, then so does its pressure if the mass and volume of the gas are held constant.
The law has a particularly simple mathematical form if the temperature is measured on an absolute scale, such as in kelvins.
This law holds true because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance; as the kinetic energy of a gas increases, its particles collide with the container walls more rapidly, thereby exerting increased pressure.
Because Amontons discovered the law beforehand, Gay-Lussac's name is now generally associated within chemistry with the law of combining volumes discussed in the section above.
Gay-Lussac primarily investigated the relationship between volume and temperature and published it in 1802, but his work did cover some comparison between pressure and temperature.
Given the relative technology available to both men, Amontons was only able to work with air as a gas, where Gay-Lussac was able to experiment with multiple types of common gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Gay-Lussac did attribute his findings to Jacques Charles because he used much of Charles's unpublished data from 1787 – hence, the law became known as Charles's law or the Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac.
For air he found a relative expansion ΔV/V = 37.50% and obtained a value of α = 37.50%/100°C = 1/266.66°C which indicated that the value of absolute zero was approximately 266.66°C below 0°C.
The value of the rate of expansion α is approximately the same for all gases and this is also sometimes referred to as Gay-Lussac's Law.
Skyglow (or sky glow) is the diffuse luminance of the night sky, apart from discrete light sources such as the Moon and visible individual stars.
While usually referring to sky luminance arising from artificial lighting, skyglow may also involve any nighttime sources of diffuse light, including natural ones like the zodiacal light, starlight, and airglow.
In the context of light pollution, skyglow arises from the use of artificial light sources, including electrical (or rarely gas) lighting used for illumination and advertisement, and from gas flares.
Light propagating into the atmosphere directly from upward-directed or incompletely shielded sources, or after reflection from the ground or other surfaces, is partially scattered back toward the ground, producing a diffuse glow that can be seen from large distances.
Skyglow from artificial lights is most often noticed as a glowing dome of light over cities and towns, yet is pervasive throughout the developed world.
Light used for all purposes in the outdoor environment contributes to skyglow, by sometimes avoidable aspects such as poor shielding of fixtures, and through at least partially unavoidable aspects such as unshielded signage and reflection from intentionally illuminated surfaces.
Some of this light is then scattered in the atmosphere back toward the ground by molecules and aerosols (see ), and (if present) clouds, causing skyglow.
Research indicates that when viewed from nearby about half of skyglow arises from direct upward emissions, and half from reflected, though the ratio varies depending on details of lighting fixtures and usage, and distance of the observation point from the light source.
Fully shielded lighting (with no light emitted directly upward) decreases skyglow by about half when viewed nearby, but by much greater factors when viewed from a distance.
There are two kinds of light scattering that lead to sky glow: scattering from molecules such as N and O (called Rayleigh scattering), and that from aerosols, described by Mie theory.
Rayleigh scattering makes the sky appear blue in the daytime; the more aerosols there are, the less blue or whiter the sky appears.
In many areas, most particularly in urban areas, aerosol scattering dominates, due to the heavy aerosol loading caused by modern industrial activity, power generation, farming and transportation.
Though the shorter wavelengths suffer increased scattering, this increased scattering also gives rise to increased extinction: the effects approximately balance when the observation point is near the light source.
For human visual perception of sky glow, generally the assumed context under discussions of sky glow, sources rich in shorter wavelengths produce brighter sky glow, but for a different reason (see ).
The scale rates the darkness of the night sky inhibited by skyglow with nine classes and provides a detailed description of each position on the scale.
Amateurs also increasingly use Sky Quality Meters (SQM) that measure in astronomical photometric units of visual (Johnson V) magnitudes per square arcsecond.
Professional astronomers and light pollution researchers use various measures of luminous or radiant intensity per unit area, such as (nano-)Lamberts, magnitudes per square arcsecond, or (micro-)candela per square meter.
Sky glow brightness arising from artificial light sources falls steeply with distance from the light source, due to the geometric effects characterized by an inverse square law in combination with atmospheric absorption.
At very large distances (over about 50 km) the brightness falls more rapidly, largely due to extinction and geometric effects caused by the curvature of the Earth.
The dominant effect arises from the Purkinje shift, and not as commonly claimed from Rayleigh scattering of short wavelengths (see ).
Predominantly because of this effect, white light sources such as metal halide, fluorescent, or white LED can produce as much as 3.3 times the visual sky glow brightness of the currently most-common high-pressure sodium lamp, and up to eight times the brightness of low-pressure sodium or amber Aluminium gallium indium phosphide LED.
In detail, the effects are complex, depending both on the distance from the source as well as the viewing direction in the night sky.
But the basic results of recent research are unambiguous: assuming equal luminous flux (that is, equal amounts of visible light), and matched optical characteristics of the fixtures (particularly the amount of light allowed to radiate directly upward), white sources rich in shorter (blue and green) wavelengths produce dramatically greater sky glow than sources with little blue and green.
International Dark-Sky Association) of the sky glow consequences of replacing the currently prevalent high-pressure sodium roadway lighting systems with white LEDs neglects critical issues of human visual spectral sensitivity, or focuses exclusively on white LED light sources, or focuses concerns narrowly on the blue portion (<500 nm) of the spectrum.
But efficiency improvement sufficient to overcome sky glow doubling or tripling arising from a switch to even warm-white LED from high-pressure sodium (or a 4-8x increase compared to low-pressure sodium) has not been demonstrated.
Skyglow is a prime problem for astronomers, because it reduces contrast in the night sky to the extent where it may become impossible to see all but the brightest stars.
Due to skyglow, people who live in or near urban areas see thousands fewer stars than in an unpolluted sky, and commonly cannot see the Milky Way.
The effects of sky glow in relation to the ecosystem have observed to be detrimental to a variety of different organisms.
The lives of plants and animals alike (especially those which are nocturnal) are affected as their natural environment becomes subjected to unnatural change.
It can be assumed that the rate of human development technology exceeds the rate of non-human natural adaptability to their environment, therefore, organisms such as plants and animals are unable to keep up and can suffer as a consequence.
Although sky glow can be the result of a natural occurrence, the presence of artificial sky glow has become a detrimental problem as urbanization continues to flourish.
For example, lighted fishing fleets, offshore oil platforms, and cruise ships all bring the disruption of artificial night lighting to the world's oceans.
Similar problems of disrupting the environment and its biosphere are also very prevalent in regards to energy resources such as the installation of wind turbines and the interference they have not only with bird flight paths, but also with human neurology.
As a whole, these effects derive from changes in orientation, disorientation, or misorientation, and attraction or repulsion from the altered light environment, which in turn may affect foraging, reproduction, migration, and communication.
These changes can even result in the death of some species such as certain migratory birds, sea creatures, and nocturnal predators.
The constant exposure to light has an impact of the photosynthesis of a plant, as a plant needs a balance of both sun and darkness in order for it to survive.
In turn, the effects of sky glow can affect production rates of agriculture, especially in farming areas that are close to large city centers.
Since 2010, the school was awarded with the Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi or High Performance School title, a title awarded to Malaysian top schools that have met stringent criteria including academic achievement, strength of alumni, international recognition, network and linkages.
The school has been selected as International Baccalaurate (IB) World School for Diploma Programme since 2011 and Middle Years Programme since 2016.
MCKK is also a member of an international organisation of best secondary schools in the world called Global Alliance of Leading-Edge Schools led by Raffles Institution of Singapore.
About 10% of current students are with public & private scholarships, such as Bank Negara Malaysia, Telekom Malaysia, Yayasan Peneraju Pendidikan Bumiputera and many more.
The school is one of the only two boarding school in Malaysia (the other is Sekolah Alam Shah, under the patronage of Sultan of Selangor) that are under royal patronage.
As an institution under the royal patronage of Conference of Rulers, the school receives royal visits from Yang di-Pertuan Agong, King of Malaysia every five years and every year from Sultan of Perak as school's board chairman.
Its formation was supported by the rulers of the Federated Malay States: Sultan Idris Murshidul ‘Adzam Shah I of Perak, Sultan Alaiddin Sulaiman Shah of Selangor, Yam Tuan Tuanku Muhammad Shah of Negeri Sembilan and Sultan Ahmad Mu’adzam Shah of Pahang.
William Hargreaves, headmaster of Penang Free School, was appointed as the first headmaster to lead the establishment of the school with 40 pioneering students.
As it was founded to educate the Malay elite, being royal children and the sons of Malay nobility, few of its early students were from commoner families.
However, during Tun Abdul Razak Hussein's tenure as Minister of Education in 1947, as a result of rising Malay nationalism, he democratized the intake.
This is mainly because of his experience as an alumnus there, where he found out the aristocrats that gained admittance to this college were mainly below par compared to their less-privileged peers in Victoria Institution and Raffles Institution.
Their status as aristocrats had caused them to not be independent and to have no willingness to strive for a better future.
The sanction for the building of a permanent school became official on 23 December 1905; by 1 May 1909, the Big School was first brought into use.
On Saturday, 11 December 1909, the Big School was officially opened by the Sultan of Perak, and the auspicious date also marked the change in the name of the school from the Malay Residential School of Kuala Kangsar to the Malay College of Kuala Kangsar.
The Headmaster changed the names of the 3 Houses (Rookies, Heads and Wheelies) to the four names of FMS Rulers in 1905.
In 2004, the college was made under purview of the rulers with then Crown Prince of Perak, Raja Dr Nazrin Shah was appointed as board chairman.
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia attended the event, along with the royal rulers of the states of Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan as well as the governor of Malacca.The college were also proclaimed as the Heritage Institution of Culture and Country.
In 2010, the school have been selected to be among the first High Performing Schools while in 2013, the Prep School celebrated its centenary.
MCKK has also hosted two international events, which are The Malay College Youth Development Summit since 2008 until now, and The Malay College Rugby Premier Sevens since 2011.
Both events consist of international schools across the globe such as Southeast Asian countries like Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand together with premier schools from India, South Korea, South Africa and Australia.
The most recognizable feature of the school is the Big School (built in 1909), a building with pseudo Greco-Roman architecture fronted by a rugby field.
The school is built to accommodate 100 students initially, but in 1910, there were 139 boys in the School Register, 124 of them boarders.
Thus, the planning for the construction of the Preparatory School was considered and it was referred to as the Sekolah Kechil.
Two more hostel blocks, the Pavilion and New Hostel were built in 1963 and 1972 respectively; the latter houses second former.
From a time gap between 1947 till 2018, Mohd Shah has the most wins for Best House with a winning rate of 34%, followed with Sulaiman 24%, Ahmad with 24% and Idris with 18%.
The uniformed bodies that are present in the school is Malay College Wind Orchestra, , Malaysian Red Crescent Society, Scout, and Kadet Remaja Sekolah Malaysia.
To the east of Big School, sits three basketball courts, two immediately north of the East Wing and the Tun Haniff Court alongside the pathway between East Wing and the New Hostel.
The main volleyball court is located in front of the East Wing and two other volleyball courts located next to West Wing and Pavilion.
There is also a gymnasium within the New School block, sitting next to the Prep School basketball court, and the Prep School football pitch.
A short course swimming pool on the west of the Big School accommodates the water polo team and hosts the annual swimming gala.
In front of the main gate is a slanting perch of grass slightly smaller than a full football pitch and house Padang C where collegians play football during games hours.
With the introduction of squash in 1938, Eton Fives began to lose popularity at the school until it was not played at all.
Since a trip in August 2014 by two top English players the game's popularity has grown and more students are now playing again.
It became a powerhouse in Rugby Union during the 1960s and still has one of the best rugby school teams in the nation.
MCKK has over the years established academic and sports rivalries with several premier schools, for example, Royal Military College, Victoria Institution, both in the capital Kuala Lumpur, King Edward VII School of Taiping, Sekolah Alam Shah in Putrajaya, and its neighbour, .
The colors represent the four houses into which the students are grouped: Idris (white), Sulaiman (red), Mohd Shah (yellow) and Ahmad (black).
The alumni association of MCKK is known as the Malay College Old Boys' Association (MCOBA) and it was established in 1929.
To this date, seven Yang di-Pertuan Agong out of thirteen that have resided the throne were its alumni (including a Lord President of the Supreme Court) and a Sultan of Brunei.
Out of the four states that have Yang di-Pertua Negeri, two states have had at least one alumnus reside in office.
A Prime Minister and a Deputy Prime Minister (who later on became Leader of the Opposition) received their education in the college.
A thinly veiled account of his time at Kuala Kangsar, it so cruelly caricatured Howell and his colleagues that, as Burgess recalled in his autobiography, some of those who deemed themselves traduced 'sought advice about libel' from a local lawyer.
Meyers (birth name: Ariadne Meyer) was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico to Jewish American parents who were touring in the island.
Shortly afterward, Meyer and her family returned to New York City where she was raised and where she received her primary and secondary education.
Depending on the placement it may be a surface piercing, but due to both the vascular, fast healing nature of the penis, and loose nature of the skin in that area, frenum piercings rarely reject if pierced properly, although they may migrate.
Those wishing to stretch this piercing to accommodate larger gauge jewelry should wait until at least two weeks after the initial piercing has fully healed.
Temporary removal and replacement (for example, to accommodate a partner who finds it uncomfortable) may mean reinserting with a smaller gauge and then restretching to get back to the original, larger gauge.
Sometimes, when rings are worn, the diameter of the ring is specifically chosen so that the ring can be worn encircling the penis.
A wide variety of chastity devices make use of frenum piercings to secure themselves to the penis, as part of fetish or BDSM activities.
Anecdotal piercing lore associates this piercing (along with many other male genital piercings) with various chastity devices that have been used throughout history, although there is little hard data to back up this claim.
In contemporary society, frenum piercings were primarily found amongst the members of gay BDSM subcultures, until body piercing became re-introduced to mainstream society in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Frenum piercings are often intended to provide sexual pleasure to both the bearer and the person he is having sexual intercourse with.
A Frenum Ladder, also known as a Jacob's Ladder, consists of a series of frenum piercings often extending from below the head of the penis and as far as the base of the shaft of the penis.
Due to the relatively easy healing of these piercings it is not uncommon for several, or even all of them to be performed at the same time.
Mauborgne became a Major General in the United States Army, and from October 1937 to his retirement in 1941 was the Army's 12th Chief Signal Officer, in command of the Signal Corps.
After graduating in 1901 from the College of Saint Xavier in New York, he studied fine arts until commissioned a 2d Lieutenant, Infantry, in the regular Army in 1903.
Stationed in the Philippines several times at several infantry posts, Mauborgne attended the Army Signal School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1909-1910, graduating from the Signal Officers Course, followed by a tour of duty in Washington D.C. in the office of Chief Signal Officer Brigadier General George P. Scriven.
While stationed at Fort Riley, Kansas, in 1912, he installed a radio transmitter in an airplane and had 1st Lt. Henry H. Arnold send him the first successful air to ground radio transmission on November 2.
Two years later, while in command of the radio station at Fort Mills on Corregidor, Mauborgne went up himself with 2nd Lt. Herbert A.
After World War I, in the 1920s and 1930s, Mauborgne pursued communication advancements in numerous research-and-development assignments, including a stint as chief of the Signal Corps Engineering and Research Division and as commander of the Signal Corps laboratory in the Bureau of Standards.
During the early 1930s, Mauborgne was Signal Officer for the 9th Corps Area and later Director of the Signal Corps Aircraft Factory, Wright Field, Ohio.
In 1937, as a Signal Corps officer, he used a Dictaphone to record Japanese radio signals at the Presidio of San Francisco.
Just a few months after he retired (September 30, 1941), two Signal Corps soldiers — using an SCR-270 radar at Oahu, Hawaii in the early morning of December 7, 1941 — spotted Japanese aircraft on their way in to attack Pearl Harbor.
Portraits and etchings produced by Mauborgne were exhibited in galleries in Washington, San Francisco, and Dayton, Ohio; acquired by the United States Military Academy, and sold to private collections.
Mauborgne married Katherine Hale Poore in December 1907, and had two sons, one of whom was also a career Army officer.
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Lieutenant Colonel (Signal Corps) Joseph O. Mauborgne, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I.
As head of the Engineering and Research Division of the Signal Corps, Lieutenant Colonel Mauborgne rendered conspicuous in connection with coordinating the design and supply of new technical apparatus for the Signal Corps.
He was largely responsible for the high type of radio equipment developed for the American Army and rendered unusual service in connection with cipher telegraphy.
Sir Albert James Smith (March 12, 1822 – June 30, 1883) was a New Brunswick politician and opponent of Canadian confederation.
Smith entered politics in 1852 entering the House of Assembly as an opponent of the Tory compact that ran the colony and became a leading reform and advocate of responsible government which was granted to the colony in 1854.
Smith became a member of the reform government that took power that year and went on to become Attorney-General in 1861 under Premier Samuel Leonard Tilley.
Smith split with Tilley over railway policy and Canadian confederation with Smith becoming leader of the Anti-Confederates winning the 1865 election but was forced from office the next year by the lieutenant-governor.
Smith reconciled with Confederation after it became a fact and became minister of fisheries in the Liberal government of Alexander Mackenzie in 1873.
A dydoe is a type of male genital body piercing that passes through the ridge of the glans on the head of the penis.
Commonly, one is centrally placed on the ridge of the glans (as seen at right), or two are placed on either side (picture below).
The jewelry is usually a 14 gauge, curved barbell with a ball on either end, although a ring may be used at a higher chance of rejection.
The piercing should be cleaned daily with a sterile saline solution [neilmed] and a condom is recommended during penile intercourse until it fully heals.
The jewelry can be changed after a period of time, but it is not recommended to have it out for very long, as even when healed, the hole tends to quickly close and the pain in replacing it can be more than the actual piercing.
The glans of the penis is a very vascular area and healing can be very quick, in a matter of hours.
If it hasn't fully healed back and there is difficulty replacing it, a professional piercer may be able to use a taper (a blunt, rounded needle) to re-open the hole.
The dydoe is generally considered to be one of the most painful of piercings, as it goes through the glans of the penis.
Because the ridge of the glans must be large enough to accommodate the needle and jewelry it is a piercing that depends on the anatomy of the individual and should be done by a professional piercer.
It is usually performed on circumcised males, as the presence of a tight foreskin keeps the area moist and inhibits healing.
The reason for this is the added pressure of the jewelry on the glans during intercourse, which may also lead to quicker ejaculations in some sexual positions.
A centrally placed dydoe works especially well in stimulating the g-spot, as the ball at the head is placed near to where the top ball of an apadravya would be placed.
There are currently efforts to further diversify the output of the municipality's coconut-based industry from copra to other value-added coconut products such as coco-oil (which can be used as a fuel additive) and coco-coir.
Despite this, farmers still experience difficulties in increasing their income due to lack of agricultural technology specially those farming in the upland areas.
The aggressive anti-illegal fishing efforts of the LGU decreased dynamite fishing and able to establish fish sanctuaries in San Isidro waters.
The municipality's seascape offers potential marine-based recreational industries on the as yet virtually undisturbed Tinaytay and Burias reefs a few kilometers offshore.
In addition, its scenic nature spots include beaches untouched by urban development; the cascading Cawa-cawa Stepped Falls, and the 12 km² Pygmy or Bonsai forests in the thickly forested highlands of the municipality.
Cooper grew up in the suburbs of Kansas City, and spent his summers at his family's cattle ranch, located about 15 miles west of Leavenworth, Kansas.
He's in a wheelchair and he communicates only by computer, but he's taught me so much because he's just so incredibly focused.
Lists of fictional presidents of the United States are alphabetical lists of people who have been portrayed in fiction as the President of the United States.
The roles include named fictional presidents, unnamed fictional presidents and real historical figures who did not in fact become president, typically in works of alternate history or comedy.
Operation Valkyrie () was a German World War II emergency continuity of government operations plan issued to the Territorial Reserve Army of Germany to execute and implement in case of a general breakdown in civil order of the nation.
Failure of the government to maintain control of civil affairs might have been caused by the Allied bombing of German cities, or uprising of the millions of foreign forced laborers working in German factories.
The original plan, designed to deal with internal disturbances in emergency situations, was developed by General Friedrich Olbricht's staff in his capacity as head of General Army Office and was approved by Hitler.
The idea of using the Reserve Army in the German homeland for a potential coup existed before, but apart from Hitler himself, only Colonel-General Friedrich Fromm, Chief of the Reserve Army since 1938, could initiate Operation Valkyrie.
Nevertheless, after the lessons of a failed assassination attempt on 13 March 1943, Olbricht felt that the original coup plan was inadequate and that the Reserve Army should be used in the coup even without Fromm's cooperation.
The original Valkyrie order only dealt with strategy to ensure combat readiness of units among scattered elements of the Reserve Army.
Olbricht added a second part, 'Valkyrie II', which provided for the swift mustering of units into battle groups ready for action.
In August and September 1943, General Henning von Tresckow found Olbricht's revision inadequate, and thus greatly expanded the Valkyrie plan and drafted new supplementary orders.
Detailed instructions were written for occupation of government ministries in Berlin, of Himmler's headquarters in East Prussia, of radio stations, of telephone exchanges, of other Nazi infrastructure through military districts, and of concentration camps.
In essence, the coup plan involved tricking the Reserve Army into the seizure and removal of the civilian government of wartime Germany under the false pretense that the SS had attempted a coup d'état and assassinated Hitler.
The conspirators depended on the assumption that the rank-and-file soldiers and junior officers designated to execute Operation Valkyrie would be motivated to do so on the basis of their false belief that the Nazi civilian leadership had behaved with disloyalty and treason against the state, and were therefore required to be removed.
The conspirators counted on the soldiers to obey their orders as long as they came from the legitimate channel — namely, the Reserve Army High Command - in the emergency situation following Hitler's putative death.
For the planned coup to succeed, therefore, the plotters had either to win Fromm over to the conspiracy, or to neutralize him in some way.
Fromm, like many senior officers, largely knew about the military conspiracies against Hitler, but neither supported them nor reported them to the Gestapo.
The key role in its actual implementation was played by Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, after his assassination attempt on Hitler on 20 July 1944.
Stauffenberg's position as Chief of Staff of the Reserve Army gave him access to Hitler for reports and at the same time required his presence at headquarters for implementation of Valkyrie.
Finally, Stauffenberg decided to carry out both the assassination attempt and the Valkyrie operation, which greatly reduced the chance of success.
After two abortive attempts, Stauffenberg placed the bomb on 20 July and hurried back to Berlin to assume his pivotal role.
Discovering that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Friedrich Olbricht, his chief of staff Colonel Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften.
Shortly after midnight, the condemned men were led to a mound of earth back-lit by idling vehicles where each was executed by firing squad in the courtyard of Bendlerstrasse headquarters.
The palang (crossbar in Iban), better known in the West as ampallang in the term popularised by Doug Malloy, is a male genital piercing that penetrates horizontally through the entire glans of the penis.
Thomas Cavendish claims that in the Philippines the practice was an invention of the women to prevent sodomy (the Philippines variant included a spur).
In contemporary society, ampallang became popularized along with the many genital piercings practiced amongst the gay BDSM community prior to the establishment of the body piercing industry in the 1980s and 1990s.
Due to its supposed authenticity, this piercing is closely associated with the modern primitive movement but anatomy and use of a palang differs drastically from a modern ampallang.
A variant on this piercing is the shaft ampallang, which penetrates the shaft of the penis horizontally at any point along its length.
Depending on the placement, there can be a significant amount of blood loss, both during the procedure and during the initial healing process.
The measurement for the piercing jewelry is typically done by the receiver in private on his erect penis, while the actual piercing is done on his flaccid penis.
The long healing process requires that the bearer abstain from sexual intercourse for a lengthy period of time, on the order of six weeks to six months.
It is possible for this piercing to injure or damage the teeth and soft palate of the giving party during oral sex.
The piercing will leave a tube of scar tissue, which will remain even if the jewelry is removed and the piercing allowed to heal.
On the other hand, anecdotal evidence suggests that, as opposed to apadravya, ampallang is not a piercing of choice for vaginal intercourse but may be the best functional piercing for anal sex.
Jewelry must be long enough to accommodate the expansion of the penis during erection, at the risk of extreme discomfort for the wearer.
After initial healing the piercing can be stretched and larger jewelry can be inserted, reaching sizes above 10 mm in diameter.
Edward Bransfield (c. 1785 – 31 October 1852) was an Irish sailor who rose to become an officer in the British Royal Navy, serving as a master on several ships, after being impressed into service at the age of 18 in Ireland.
While little is known of Edward's family or early life, the Bransfields were thought to have been a well-known and respected Catholic family.
The Bransfields may have had enough money to pay for Edward's education, but because of the Penal Laws, it is more likely that he attended a local hedge school.
On 2 June 1803, Bransfield, then eighteen years old, was removed by British sailors from his father's fishing boat and impressed into the Royal Navy.
He began as an ordinary seaman on the 110-gun first rate ship of the line , where he shared living quarters with William Edward Parry, then a twelve-year-old midshipman.
Bransfield was rated as an able seaman in 1805 and was appointed to the 110-gun first rate (which had taken part in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805); he was promoted in 1806 to able seaman, then 2nd master's mate in 1808, midshipman in 1808, clerk in 1809, and midshipman again in 1811.
On 21 February 1816, he was appointed master of the 50-gun fourth rate , leading it in the Bombardment of Algiers.
It was during this tour of duty that he was posted to the Royal Navy's new Pacific Squadron off Valparaíso in Chile.
The next year, he circumnavigated Antarctica completely and reached a latitude of 71° 10', before being driven back by the ice.
Although Cook failed to see Antarctica, he dispelled once and for all the myth that a fertile, populous continent surrounded the South Pole.
Not surprisingly, the British Admiralty lost interest in the Antarctic and turned its attention to the ongoing search for the Northwest Passage.
Bransfield landed on King George Island and took formal possession on behalf of King George III (who had died the day before on 29 January 1820).
Turning south, he crossed what is now known as the Bransfield Strait (named for him by James Weddell in 1822), and on 30 January 1820 sighted Trinity Peninsula, the northernmost point of the Antarctic mainland.
Unknown to Bransfield, two days earlier, 28 January 1820, the Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen may have caught sight of an icy shoreline now known to have been part of East Antarctica.
On the basis of this sighting and the co-ordinates given in his log-book, Bellingshausen has been credited by some (e.g., the British polar historian A. G. E. Jones) with the discovery of the continent.
Having charted a segment of the Trinity Peninsula, Bransfield followed the edge of the icesheet in a north-easterly direction and discovered various points on Elephant Island and Clarence Island, which he also formally claimed for the British Crown.
He did not sail around Elephant Island and did not name it (it is named for elephant seals), although he charted Clarence Island completely.
The original charts are still in the possession of the Hydrographic department in Taunton, Somerset, but Bransfield's journal has been lost.
In 1999 Edward Bransfield's grave, discovered in a deteriorated state in a Brighton churchyard, was renovated (funded by charitable donations) by Sheila Bransfield.
In Jan 2020, on the 200th anniversary of his discovery of Antartica, a commemorative monument was unveiled in his hometown of Ballincurra, in Co. Cork, Ireland.
Pyramid power refers to the belief that the ancient Egyptian pyramids and objects of similar shape can confer a variety of benefits.
In the 1930s, a French ironmonger and pendulum-dowsing author, Antoine Bovis, developed the idea that small models of pyramids can preserve food.
The story persists that Bovis, while standing inside the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid in Egypt, saw a garbage can inside the chamber piled with dead animals that had wandered into the structure, noticed that these small carcasses were not decaying and inferred that the structure somehow preserved them.
I have supposed that Egyptians were already very good dowsers and had oriented their pyramid by means of rod and pendulum.
Being unable to go there to experiment and verify the radiations of the Keops Pyramid, I have built with cardboard some pyramids that you can see now, and I was astonished when, having built a regular pyramid and oriented it, I found the positive at the East, the negative at the West, and at the North and the South, dual-positive and dual-negative...
I tried, and as you can observe with the small fish and the little piece of meat still hanging, I succeeded totally.
Drbal's contention that razors could be sharpened or have their sharpness maintained by alignment with Earth's magnetic field was not new.
Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeder, authors of the paranormal, visited Czechoslovakia in 1968, where they happened upon a cardboard pyramid manufactured commercially by Drbal.
Summerhill Pyramid Winery in Kelowna, British Columbia built a four-story replica of the Great Pyramid, alleged by the winery to improve the quality of wine aged within it.
A religion founded in 1975, called Summum, completed the construction of a pyramid called the Summum Pyramid in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1979.
Kelly hung a plastic model of a pyramid in the team's clubhouse after a pair of away defeats at the start of the series, and each player took turns standing under it for exactly four minutes.
The New Age group Share International, founded by Benjamin Creme, practices a form of meditation called 'Transmission Meditation' using an open metal-poled tetrahedron in order to tune into the cosmic energy of Maitreya and other spiritual masters.
Influenced by Erich von Däniken’s claims that Egyptian mummies had been preserved by some process unknown to science, pyramid power became quite a craze in the world of pseudoscience for a brief time in the mid-1970s.
The idea was that the pyramidal shape itself was magical and filled with a mysterious energy and power... Pyramid power claims have actually been tested.
Alter (1973) and Simmons (1973) showed that pyramid-shaped containers were no more effective than any other shape at preserving organic matter (flowers or meat) placed in them.
Nor did putting dull razor blades in a pyramid-shaped holder restore them to sharpness, contrary to a frequent claim of pyramid power promoters.
The Cadaver Synod (also called the Cadaver Trial; ) is the name commonly given to the posthumous ecclesiastical trial of Pope Formosus, who himself had been deceased for about 7 months, in the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome during January 897.
This period, which lasted from the middle of the 9th century to the middle of the 10th century, was marked by a rapid succession of pontiffs.
Often, these brief papal reigns were the result of the political machinations of local Roman factions, about which few sources survive.
Nicholas refused his permission, because an appointment in Bulgaria would require Formosus to leave his see in Porto, and the fifteenth canon of the Second Council of Nicaea forbade a bishop to leave his own see to administer another.
A few months later in 876, at a synod in Santa Maria Rotunda, John VIII issued a series of accusations against Formosus and some of his associates.
Auxilius says he begged the bishops for their forgiveness, and in return for the lifting of the excommunication, swore an oath to remain a layman for the rest of his life, to never again enter Rome, and to make no attempts to resume his former see at Porto.
This story is doubtful: another description of the synod does not mention Formosus’s presence and says instead that John confirmed his excommunication.
Two further accusations were also made against Formosus at the Cadaver Synod: that he had committed perjury and that he had attempted to exercise the office of bishop as a layman.
Formosus crowned Lambert of Spoleto co-ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in 892; Lambert's father, Guy III of Spoleto, had earlier been crowned by John VIII.
In 893 Formosus, apparently nervous about Guy's aggression, invited the Carolingian Arnulf of Carinthia to invade Italy and receive the imperial crown.
Yet Formosus renewed his invitation to Arnulf in 895, and early the next year Arnulf crossed the Alps and entered Rome, where Formosus crowned him as Holy Roman Emperor.
Lambert and his mother, the empress Angiltrude, entered Rome around the time that Stephen VI became pope, and the Cadaver Synod was conducted directly afterwards, at the beginning of 897.
The dominant interpretation of these events until the early twentieth century was straightforward: Formosus had always been a pro-Carolingian, and his crowning of Lambert in 892 was coerced.
After the death of Arnulf and the collapse of Carolingian authority in Rome, Lambert entered the city and forced Stephen to convene the Cadaver Synod, both to re-assert his claim to the imperial crown and perhaps also to exact posthumous revenge upon Formosus.
How could John IX have dared to broach the matter [...] before the guilty parties, without even making the least allusion to the emperor’s participation?” This position has been accepted by another scholar: Girolamo Arnaldi argued that Formosus did not pursue an exclusively pro-Carolingian policy, and that he even had friendly relations with Lambert as late as 895.
Arnaldi argues that it was Guy IV, who had entered Rome along with Lambert and his mother Angiltrude in January 897, who provided the impetus for the synod.
Probably around January 897, Stephen VI ordered that the corpse of his predecessor Formosus be removed from its tomb and brought to the papal court for judgment.
Formosus was accused of transmigrating sees in violation of canon law, of perjury, and of serving as a bishop while actually a layman.
Liutprand and other sources say that, after having the corpse stripped of its papal vestments, Stephen then cut off the three fingers of the right hand that it had used in life for blessings, next formally invalidating all of Formosus' acts and ordinations (including his ordination of Stephen VI as bishop of Anagni).
The body was finally interred in a graveyard for foreigners, only to be dug up once again, tied to weights, and cast into the Tiber River.
In December 897, Pope Theodore II (897) convened a synod that annulled the Cadaver Synod, rehabilitated Formosus, and ordered that his body, which had been recovered from the Tiber, be reburied in Saint Peter's Basilica in pontifical vestments.
However, Pope Sergius III (904–911), who as bishop had taken part in the Cadaver Synod as a co-judge, overturned the rulings of Theodore II and John IX, reaffirming Formosus's conviction, and had a laudatory epitaph inscribed on the tomb of Stephen VI.
Link grammar (LG) is a theory of syntax by Davy Temperley and Daniel Sleator which builds relations between pairs of words, rather than constructing constituents in a phrase structure hierarchy.
Link grammar is similar to dependency grammar, but dependency grammar includes a head-dependent relationship, whereas Link Grammar makes the head-dependent relationship optional (links need not indicate direction).
For example, in a subject–verb–object language like English, the verb would look left to form a subject link, and right to form an object link.
In a subject–object–verb language like Persian, the verb would look left to form an object link, and a more distant left to form a subject link.
Unlike the catena or a traditional dependency grammar, the marking of the head-dependent relationship is optional for most languages, becoming mandatory only in free-word-order languages (such as Turkish, Finnish, Hungarian, Lithuanian).
For free word-order languages, this can no longer hold, and a link between the subject and verb must contain an explicit directional arrow to indicate which of the two words is which.
Thus, for example, there can be links indicating both the head verb of a sentence, the head subject of the sentence, as well as a link between the subject and the verb.
Connectors may also include head-dependent indicators h and d. In this case, a connector containing a head indicator is only allowed to connect to a connector containing the dependent indicator (or to a connector without any h-d indicators on it).
A recent extension simplifies the specification of connectors for languages that have little or no restrictions on word-order, such as Lithuanian.
This constraint is based on empirical psycho-linguistic evidence that, indeed, for most languages, in nearly all situations, dependency links really do not cross.
in Finnish, and even in English; they can be parsed by link-grammar only by introducing more complex and selective connector types to capture these situations.
That is, the total cost of parse is the sum of the individual costs of the connectors that were used; the cheapest parse indicates the most likely parse.
The fact that the costs are local to the connectors, and are not a global property of the algorithm makes them essentially Markovian in nature.
Because the costs are additive, they behave like the logarithm of the probability (since log-likelihoods are additive), or equivalently, somewhat like the entropy (since entropies are additive).
This makes Link Grammar compatible with machine learning techniques such as hidden Markov models and the Viterbi algorithm, because the link costs correspond to the link weights in Markov networks or Bayesian networks.
In effect, the Link Grammar can be used to model the internal language of certain (non-symmetric) compact closed categories, such as pregroup grammars.
Link-grammar omits the use of type constructors, opting instead to define a much larger set of base types having compact, easy-to-remember mnemonics.
The primary links: Wd, EI, SIp and Api connect together the suffixes, as, in principle, other stems could appear here, without altering the structure of the sentence.
It effectively blocks (makes it costly) to use the determiner 'a' in this sentence, while the link to 'an' becomes cheap.
The lower-case letters following the upper-case link types serve to refine the type; so for example, Ds can only connect to a singular noun; Ss only to a singular subject, Os to a singular object.
The link grammar syntax parser is a library for natural language processing written in C. It is available under the LGPL license.
Recent versions include improved sentence coverage, Russian, Persian and Arabic language support, prototypes for German, Hebrew, Lithuanian, Vietnamese and Turkish, and programming API's for Python, Java, Common LISP, AutoIt and OCaml, with 3rd-party bindings for Perl, Ruby and JavaScript node.js.
The semantic relationship extractor RelEx, layered on top of the Link Grammar library, generates a dependency grammar output by making explicit the semantic relationships between words in a sentence.
The Link Grammar link dictionary is used to generate and verify the syntactic correctness of three different natural language generation systems: NLGen, NLGen2 and microplanner/surreal.
The inode (index node) is a data structure in a Unix-style file system that describes a file-system object such as a file or a directory.
Inodes store information about files and directories (folders), such as file ownership, access mode (read, write, execute permissions), and file type.
On many types of file system implementations, the maximum number of inodes is fixed at file system creation, limiting the maximum number of files the file system can hold.
From the inode number, the kernel's file system driver can access the inode contents, including the location of the file, thereby allowing access to the file.
Some Unix-style file systems such as ReiserFS omit an inode table, but must store equivalent data in order to provide equivalent capabilities.
That file serial number, together with the device ID of the device containing the file, uniquely identify the file within the whole system.
It can make sense to store very small files in the inode itself to save both space (no data block needed) and lookup time (no further disk access needed).
If the data of a file fits in the space allocated for pointers to the data, this space can conveniently be used.
The Denmark national football team () represents Denmark in men's international football competition, and is controlled by the Danish Football Association (DBU), the governing body for the football clubs which are organized under DBU.
Denmark were the winners of the Football at the 1906 Intercalated Games and silver medalists at the 1908 and 1912 Olympics.
However, as amateurs who prohibited their internationals from becoming professionals at foreign clubs, Denmark did not qualify for the FIFA World Cup until 1986, although they won another Olympic silver in 1960.
Since 1983, the team has continuously been visible as a solidly competitive side, with the triumph in the 1992 European Championship in Sweden as its most prominent victory, defeating defending champions the Netherlands in the semi-final and Germany in the final.
Apart from the men's senior A-level team, Denmark competes with a women's national team, and has teams at various youth levels for both men and women, most prominently the under-21 national team.
Historically, the A-level team competed in the Olympics until and including the 1988 tournament, whereafter Olympic games count as under-21 national games.
In addition to the A-level team and youth teams, Denmark also has a special league national team named Ligalandsholdet, with the best Danish footballers from the Nordic leagues.
Ligalandsholdet was created in January 1983, and has played unofficial games for the national team during the winter break of the Nordic leagues every year since, save for 2005 and 2011.
Sometimes the media also refer to Ligalandsholdet as Denmark's B-team, as the best Danish footballers selected for the A-team often play in leagues outside of the Nordic countries.
As such, the national team coach has on several occasions outlined the purpose of having unofficial matches played by Ligalandsholdet as an opportunity of testing new potential upcoming Danish players for the A-team.
The first three editions of the Olympic football event in 1900–1906 had an unofficial status, as the event was not yet open for national football teams to compete, and only had limited participation of three or four club teams from a few nations.
Denmark had no club team invited in the 1900 Olympics and the 1904 Olympics, but then received a special invitation for the 1906 Olympics, to compete against one Greek club team (Athens) and two club teams from the Ottoman Empire (Smyrna and Thessaloniki).
The team to represent Denmark was compiled of players from the Copenhagen Football Association (KBU), and they won the event, and thereby an unofficial gold medal.
At the next Olympics, in 1912, the team again won a silver medal, which was followed by a golden era from July 1912 until August 1920, with Denmark ranked most of the time as number one in the world by the Elo ranking.
Although Denmark figured fairly prominently in the pre-FIFA World Cup era, international success would elude them for years from the first World Cup in 1930 and forward.
Despite the country's ability to produce outstanding football talents, the Danish Football Association (DBU) only had the ambition (or economy) to send the national team to play friendly matches and in the regional tournament, the Nordic Championship, from October 1920 until June 1948.
When DBU opted to set their sights higher, they allowed the national team to start contesting the Olympics again, promptly resulting in a bronze medal at the 1948 Olympics.
After, the team only reached the quarter-final at the 1952 Olympics, with the DBU choosing not to contest the next 1956 Olympics.
As football remained an amateur past-time, most of the best Danish footballers moved abroad to make a living, and due to DBU enforcing the rule to bar all professionals from the national team, it started to become difficult to assemble a highly competitive team.
However, this finish was considered by many as being more the result of a comparatively easy draw rather than a result of a well-playing team.
The strict rule of only allowing amateurism at the national team was finally abolished by the DBU in May 1971, as they had acknowledged this change was needed in order to build a highly competitive team.
In February 1978, when the DBU also decided to allow professional football to be introduced in the Danish leagues, the way was at the same time paved for the national team to sign its first sponsorship with the well-known Danish brewery Carlsberg.
The new sponsorship enabled the DBU to hire the German Sepp Piontek in July 1979 as the first full-time professional coach of the national team.
The full transition of the national team from amateurism to professionalism had now been accomplished, and indeed, this would soon lead to a vast improvement in the performances of the team.
In the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualification, Denmark finished with eight points from eight matches, including a 3–1 win against the eventual World Cup champions Italy, but Denmark failed to qualify for the final tournament despite the impressive result.
Qualification for UEFA Euro 1984 saw Denmark defeat England at Wembley Stadium when Allan Simonsen converted a penalty kick for a 1–0 win.
Denmark's participation ended in the semi-final when the team lost on penalties to Spain, most remembered for Preben Elkjær's penalty miss, his shorts torn apart.
Denmark made their first World Cup appearance in the 1986 World Cup, and with the attacking duo of Michael Laudrup and Preben Elkjær, the team surprised the world, sweeping the group, including a 6–1 thrashing of Uruguay.
In the second round, Denmark once again faced Spain and once more lost, receiving a trashing of their own, losing 5–1, including four goals by Emilio Butragueño.
The phrase would live on for 13 years, and was repeated by the Danish TV commentators in 1999, when an identical backpass was carried out by Jesper Grønkjær to Filippo Inzaghi in Grønkjær's debut for the national team.
After the glory days of 1986, the success of the team continued, as it first qualified for Euro 1988, and then had a nearby qualification for the 1988 Olympics.
In the qualification group for the Olympics, the job to coach Denmark in these particular games, had for the first time been given to Richard Møller Nielsen, and he proved his skills, as Denmark initially secured a spot for the final tournament – ahead of West Germany.
But following the discovery that Dane Per Frimann was not eligible for the team's 2–0 win over Poland, Denmark was penalised the points of the win, and subsequently did not have enough points to qualify.
After this disappointing news had arrived, Denmark had to pin all its hope and faith for a successful performance at Euro 1988.
However, the opposite happened, as Denmark's participation ended in early defeat after Denmark lost all the group games to Spain, West Germany and Italy.
A period of transition with faltering results had now started, and as Denmark subsequently also failed to qualify for the 1990 World Cup, Sepp Piontek resigned as head coach of the national team in April 1990, where he was replaced by his assistant, Richard Møller Nielsen.
Denmark began with a secure home victory against the Faroe Islands, but the following results in the qualification were an away draw against Northern Ireland and a 2–0 home loss against Yugoslavia.
Due to the poor start, as well as a strong disagreement with the coach about the new defensive team tactics, the two best Danish footballers at the time, Michael Laudrup and Brian Laudrup, opted to quit the national team in November 1990.
When Nielsen subsequently decided to dismiss quality players such as Jan Mølby and Jan Heintze from the squad, due to disciplinary problems, several newspapers began demanding that Nielsen step down as head coach, as the team was clearly falling apart under his influence.
Despite this strong criticism, Denmark won the rest of their five matches in the qualification group, including a 2–1 away win against Yugoslavia.
However, this strong comeback was not enough to qualify, as the team still had to settle with a second place in the group, behind Yugoslavia.
What initially appeared to be a failed qualification would soon turn out to become Denmark's finest hour in the international competitions.
Due to international sanctions resulting from the Yugoslav wars, UEFA announced on 31 May 1992 – only ten days prior to the competition – that Yugoslavia was to be excluded from the competition and their place given to Denmark, who finished as the second-placed team in its qualifying group.
The majority of players were already assembled to play a friendly match against the CIS when Denmark officially received Yugoslavia's spot.
Relying heavily on goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel and his defence, as well as creative spark Brian Laudrup – having decided to make a comeback for the national team in April 1992 – the Danish team created one of the biggest surprises in the event's history, as they went on to win the European Championship trophy under head coach Nielsen's defensive playing style.
Advancing from the group stage ahead of England and France, Denmark defeated the Netherlands – the defending Euro 1988 champions – on penalties in the semi-final.
Then, in the final, Denmark won 2–0 win against reigning World Cup champions Germany, ensuring Denmark won its first international trophy.
In August 1993, one year after the Euro 1992 win, Michael Laudrup decided to settle his ongoing dispute with Richard Møller Nielsen about the team tactics and made a comeback to the national team.
However, the following years Denmark saw mixed results, as they first failed to qualify for the 1994 World Cup, but then won the 1995 Confederations Cup, beating Copa América champions Argentina 2–0 in the final.
As defending champions at Euro 1996, Denmark was not able to continue its previous success, but disappointed with a lacklustre performance after an early elimination in the group stage.
Results-wise, the tournament was not a complete disaster, as the team had achieved a respectable win against Turkey, a draw against Portugal and only a defeat to Croatia.
As controversy previously had occurred in fall 1995 over the DBU's decision to extend Richard Møller Nielsen's contract as head coach, there was a strained relationship to the press already ahead of Euro 1996.
Facing a new wave of criticism, Nielsen reached a mutual agreement with the DBU to terminate his contract by the end of June 1996.
After defeating Saudi Arabia 1–0, drawing with South Africa and losing 2–1 to eventual champions France in mediocre matches, the Danish team qualified to the knockout stages as second in the group.
In the next match, however, Denmark played some of the best football of the entire tournament, beating Nigeria 4–1 in a fantastic game.
In the quarter-final against Brazil, the Danes went out with a beautiful 2–3 defeat to the later silver medalists in a very close and emotional game.
In the era with Olsen as a coach, his great experience from among others Ajax was transferred to the national team, as Denmark's tactics shifted from the preferred 4–4–2 formation practised by Bo Johansson, to an even more attacking style with an emphasis on the speedy wingers available at the time, namely Jesper Grønkjær and Dennis Rommedahl.
Olsen even possessed an outspoken opposition to the 4–4–2 system, as he threatened to leave his position as head coach in the event he was asked to deploy Denmark in that formation.
Another change Olsen brought to the national team was to stress the importance of only using fit players who had been granted regular playing time at their club.
However, at times he was forced to compromise from this principle, as the pool of players available in the relatively small nation did not always provide him viable substitute options.
Denmark qualified both for the 2002 World Cup and Euro 2004, but despite impressive results in the group stage in both tournaments, especially the 2–0 win against reigning World Cup winners France in 2002, Denmark did not manage to advance any further, and in both tournaments were clearly defeated with a score of 0–3 in the first round after the group stage.
At the 2002 World Cup, Denmark was defeated by England in the round of 16, and at Euro 2004, they were eliminated in the quarter-finals against the Czech Republic.
For the 2006 World Cup qualification, Denmark was paired with, among others, 2002 World Cup bronze winners Turkey and Euro 2004 champions Greece competing for only one guaranteed spot at the final tournament.
Denmark needed Turkey to lose points in the final games in order for Denmark to clinch the second place of the group and one last chance to qualify via two playoff games.
Indeed, had Turkey dropped points to Albania in their last match, Denmark would have gone through, but instead, they had to settle for third place in the group and a longer summer break.
After failing to qualify for the 2006 World Cup, Morten Olsen considered leaving the job, having received several offers from club teams, but decided to stay and extended his contract until after the 2010 World Cup, spurred on by his and the team's popularity among the Danish population.
When Denmark's attempt to qualify for the Euro 2008 also failed – after among other things, to have received an administrative defeat against Sweden at home turf due to a spectator's intrusion on the field – the team was heavily criticized, with many Danes asking for the departure of Morten Olsen as a coach.
This suggestion was however refused by the DBU and the majority of coaches in the Danish Superliga, who still had trust in Olsen being the best coach for Denmark.
Despite a difficult group with both Portugal and Sweden as higher-ranked opponents, Denmark qualified for the 2010 World Cup by winning the group, after among other things, earning two wins against Sweden and one win and one draw against Portugal.
After having celebrated the successful World Cup 2010 qualification, Olsen's contract as head coach was extended for two further years, until the Euro 2012.
Denmark lost the first match 2–0 to Netherlands, but then had a vital 2–1 victory against Cameroon, which enabled further advancement in case of victory over Japan, in the last third match.
The game against Japan however ended with a 3–1 defeat, and thereby Denmark did not reach their objective of advancing to the round of 16.
Apparently the biggest reason for the lack of success, was however this time, that Denmark in both the preface – and during the three games at the tournament – had struggled with a lot of injuries hitting their best players.
Few gave Denmark a chance of proceeding to the second round before the tournament, but after upsetting Netherlands with a 1–0 victory, there was cause for optimism in the Danish camp.
However, a narrow 3–2 loss to Portugal meant Denmark would effectively need to defeat Germany in the last match to advance in the tournament.
Despite Michael Krohn-Dehli's equaliser, Denmark lost 2–1 to neighbours Germany, and with Portugal defeating the Netherlands 2–1 in the other match, Denmark was eliminated from the tournament after finishing third in Group B. Denmark was mostly praised after the tournament, considering Denmark had exceeded expectations and were close to advancing to the knockout stages despite being drawn in a difficult group.
In UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying they finished third in their group, behind Albania and eventual winners Portugal, but lost to Sweden in the play-offs.
When measuring the performance of the national team by winning share and earned points, Olsen's reign of the Danish national team from July 2000 until January 2012 has so far been the second-most successful in the era of full-time professional coaches, which began in July 1979.
As of January 2012, Olsen had a winning share of 52.8%, and with three points for a victory and one for a draw, an average of 1.84 points per match.
In comparison, Richard Møller Nielsen still has the best record among the professional coaches of the national team, with a 54.8% winning share and an average of 1.89 points per game.
Denmark, ranked number 24 in the FIFA World Rankings at the time of the draw, were drawn into Group E, alongside Poland, Montenegro, Romania, Armenia, and Kazakhstan.
Despite suffering early defeats to Poland and Montenegro, the Danes rallied, and secured second place in the group, and a berth in the play-offs, with a 1–0 away to Montenegro.
Denmark secured qualification with a 5–1 win at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin, which included a hat-trick of goals from Christian Eriksen, who added to his tally of eight goals in qualification.
A Yussuf Poulsen goal in the second half secured three points for the Danes, leaving them well poised for qualification from the group.
However, they struggled against Australia in their second tie, as Christian Eriksen's early goal was cancelled out by a VAR-awarded penalty, converted by Mile Jedinak, in a game which ended as a 1–1 draw.
Denmark faced Croatia in the round of 16, with the Croats having claimed victory in Group D with three consecutive wins.
Mathias Jørgensen scored within the first minute of the game to give Denmark the lead, but Mario Mandzukic equalised only three minutes later, leaving the teams equally perched at one goal apiece.
The match remained at 1–1 after ninety minutes, necessitating thirty minutes of extra-time, which still failed to separate the teams, as Luka Modric saw his late penalty saved by goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel.
As such, the tie was to be decided with a penalty shoot-out, with Schmeichel and his Croatian counterpart, Danijel Subašić, positioning themselves on the line to face five penalties each.
Despite Schmeichel making two saves, it was Croatia who progressed, as Subašić saved three shots from Eriksen, Lasse Schöne and Nicolai Jørgensen respectively.
Ivan Rakitić scored the decisive penalty to eliminate the Danes, putting an end to their best World Cup campaign since 2002, when they were eliminated at the same stage.
Following the World Cup, Denmark prepared for participation in the inaugural iteration of the UEFA Nations League, having been drawn in League B against Wales and the Republic of Ireland.
The tournament offers an alternative route of qualification for the European Championship, and increases the number of competitive games for international sides, replacing friendlies.
The dispute arose due to the image rights of the players, with Hummel having the exclusive right to the manufacture and marketing of Danish kits.
Hareide would similarly not be involved, with the side instead falling under the temporary management of John Jensen, with Hasse Kuhn serving as the assistant manager.
The Danish FA are currently under a four-year probationary period with UEFA for having forfeited a Women's World Cup qualification game against Sweden in 2017 due to a similar dispute with the women's team, and a further violation could result in Denmark being prohibited from participation in either the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League or the 2020 European Championship.
Just before the 1986 World Cup, the roligan movement was organized in order to support the national team at the tournament.
However, the good reputation of the Danish supporters was sullied by the 2008 UEFA qualifier fan attack which occurred in June 2007 in the Euro 2008 qualifying match against Sweden when an enraged Danish supporter invaded the pitch and tried to attack the referee, following his decision to hand out a red card for Christian Poulsen and a penalty kick to Sweden in the last minute of the match.
The attacking fan was stopped by some of the Danish football players on the field before he reached the referee, but due to the episode, the match was immediately cancelled by the referee, with UEFA subsequently deciding to award a 0–3 default defeat to Denmark as punishment.
The first competitive match between the countries was as 1–0 loss for Denmark in the group stage of UEFA Euro 1992.
In UEFA Euro 2004 the teams drew 2–2 in the last group stage match, ensuring that both teams advanced at the expense of Italy.
In Denmark's home match against Sweden in the qualification for UEFA Euro 2008, the visitors were awarded a 3–0 win after a Danish fan invaded the pitch and attacked the referee.
In the qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Denmark won both matches against Sweden by 1–0 and qualified for the World Cup.
In the play-offs round of the qualification for UEFA Euro 2016, Denmark lost against Sweden by 4–3 on aggregate and failed to qualify for the final tournament.
As the facilities were considered too small, a new stadium in Copenhagen was built with the name Idrætsparken, that since its opening 25 May 1911 hosted all the home matches of the football club KB and most of the home matches of the national team.
During the first 82 years of the national team, from October 1908 until November 1990, Denmark played a total number of 254 A-level home matches, of which 232 were played in Idrætsparken.
In regards of the first era from 1908–1990, only 22 home matches were played at other stadiums than Idrætsparken, of which 11 took place at Aarhus Idrætspark (then known as Atletion) in Aarhus, followed by Aalborg Stadion in Aalborg with six games, and the remaining five matches hosted by four other stadiums.
Whenever another stadium than Idrætsparken was used for a home match, it was only for some of the less important friendly games or Olympic qualifiers.
While only Idrætsparken was used to host the matches related to big important tournaments, like the Nordic championship, the UEFA European Championship and FIFA World Cup.
When a major rebuilt of Idrætsparken began in December 1990, the subsequent two official Euro 1992 qualification matches were moved to Odense Stadium in Odense.
On 9 September 1992, the rebuilt Idrætsparken, now called Parken and later renamed Telia Parken for sponsorship reasons, became the biggest venue in Denmark with a capacity of 42,358 spectators, and was opened with a friendly 1–2 defeat against Germany.
This first match in Parken was viewed by 40,500 spectators, while the current stadium record of 42,099 spectators was set on 8 October 2005 for a World Cup qualifying match against Greece.
The capacity of the stadium was later reduced to 38,009 seats after the upper part of the D-side was converted from 4,000 extra seats into office and VIP areas in June 2009.
Despite this decrease in capacity, the stadium is today still the biggest venue in Denmark by far; the next largest venue, Brøndby Stadium, only has a capacity of 26,000 seats.
However, meagre spectator support at some of the friendly matches at Parken, which from 2000 to 2005 attracted an acceptable average of 23,862 per match – but down to 9,598 for the friendly 3–1 win over Israel in April 2002 – prompted the DBU to start hosting many of the friendly matches to other stadiums around Denmark.
These other stadiums had less spectator capacity than Parken, but just about enough to cover the Danes' somewhat lesser interest for friendly matches.
On 27 May 2006, Parken's 13-year monopoly on national team matches was broken for the first time when Denmark played a friendly match at the Aarhus Idrætspark against upcoming 2006 World Cup participants Paraguay.
Tickets to this match were sold out quickly, with almost 19,000 of the 20,227 tickets sold within the first hour of sale, and was support-wise a big success with a total audience of 20,047 spectators.
When the two next friendly matches were played at some other new venues, 16 August at Fionia Park in Odense against Poland, and on 1 September at Brøndby Stadium against Portugal, the number of spectators dropped to a disappointing level.
In particular, the Portugal match was deemed as a support-wise failure because it featured a higher-ranked opponent, which spectators normally would have a high interest to watch.
The main reasons why Brøndby Stadium failed to attract a high number of spectators were generally thought to be a combination of the poor rainy weather and the fact the stadium is located on the outskirts of Copenhagen, and as such does not attract a new demographic audience compared to Parken, due to the travel distances being more or less the same for the majority of the population.
Currently, while most of the friendly matches continue to be played at some of the smaller stadiums in Denmark, it has been decided to continue playing all of the qualifying matches for the European Championships and World Cup only at Parken Stadium.
Those friendly matches, which are believed to create a high interest from spectators, will also continue to be played at Parken.
For example, the friendly against Germany in August 2010 was played at Parken Stadium due to the general expectation of many spectators having a desire to watch the match.
During the last 19.5 years, from September 1992 to January 2012, Denmark played a total of 77 A-level matches at Parken Stadium, of which 49 were won (64%), 16 were drawn (21%) and only 12 lost (15%).
The following players were called up for the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying matches against Gibraltar on 15 November 2019 and Republic of Ireland on 18 November 2019.
The following list of active players were not called up for the latest match of the national team, but were called up for an A-level match within the last 12 months.
They are normally assembled from their respective club teams at the Hotel Marienlyst in Elsinore for a week-long training camp preluding the upcoming match.
World Cup qualifiers are played on both Saturday and Wednesday evenings, while Euro qualifiers now take place on both a Friday and Tuesday evening when playing two matches in a row, or on a Friday/Saturday/Tuesday at rounds with only one match scheduled.
The nominated players were Morten Olsen, Henning Jensen, Allan Simonsen, Preben Elkjær, Michael Laudrup, Brian Laudrup, Peter Schmeichel and Jon Dahl Tomasson.
The winner of the award was decided by a public vote arranged by the broadcasting channel TV2, which ended with Michael Laudrup as a clear winner, with 58% of the votes.
Denmark's Hall of Fame was established in October 2008, as a special award to celebrate the best footballers, teams and coaches; throughout the history of the national team.
A jury with 6 people (representing the newspapers, authors of football books, active players of the national team, TV2, the DBU, and a Hall of Fame member), each year have the job to award one or two new members for the Hall of Fame.
The award will be handed out at the official Danish Football Awards, which is a yearly television broadcast event – organized by the DBU in November throughout 2008 to 2013 and subsequently moved to a later date in February.
When the DBU celebrated its 125-year anniversary in May 2014, it decided to make an extraordinary award of nine additional Hall of Fame Members, all playing during the first half of the DBU national team's existence, from 1908 to 1964.
Because of financial restraints, the DBU cancelled the planned televised broadcast of the Football Award in February 2015, and for the same reason opted not to award any new Hall of Fame members in this specific year.
The DBU expected to return awarding new Hall of Fame members again, when the next broadcast Football Award event is organized in February 2016.
Each national team player receives a set amount of money per match, including bonuses for a win and qualification for European Championship and World Cup tournaments.
Throughout the years, the prize money has gone from around €1,340 for a match win in 1987 and around €26,800 for the Euro 1988 participation alone, to around €67,000 for the 1998 World Cup, and up to €107,000 for the 2002 World Cup participations, per player.
This bonus is shared between the group of players being selected for the final 18-man squad, to one or several of the qualification matches played, with the exact distribution normally decided according to the number of times the player was selected.
Each of the 23 selected players for the 2002 World Cup received DKK 498,000 (equal to €66,800) from the event revenues, plus DKK 122,900 (equal to €16,500) from the sale of merchandise and license agreements, plus an unknown qualification bonus from the sponsors, plus the standard payment from the DBU each time they were selected for the final 18-man squad to a qualification match.
Based on Denmark's results and number of spectators at home matches, the standard qualification match payment to a player selected for all Denmark's qualification matches equals a total amount of DKK 235,898 (or €31,600) for the six qualification matches in the 2008–09 season, and a total amount of DKK 170,788 (or €22,900) for the four qualification matches in the 2009–10 season.
Based on Denmark's results and number of spectators at home matches, the standard payment to a player selected for all Denmark's friendly matches equals a total amount of DKK 41,426 (or €5,500) for the three friendly matches in the 2008–09 season, and a total amount of DKK 88,773 (or €11,900) for the seven friendly matches in the 2009–10 season.
When all these payments are added together for a player, under the assumption a player was selected for all matches in each season as well as the final 2010 World Cup squad, he would have received a total payment from the DBU of €69,500 in the 2008–09 season and a total payment from the DBU of €186,300 in the 2009–10 season.
This was followed by a long era from 1919 to 1956 where either no manager or only a caretaker manager was assigned.
However, the appointed tactical manager did not have the responsibility to train the squad, as a special physical coach was instead selected for that job.
In 1970, the approach with two managers assigned was again abandoned when the DBU realized the need to assign only one manager with the sole responsibility for the squad.
When a selection of players had to be made, it was decided by a vote in the committee, with the appointed manager being granted an influence of three votes and the four members of the committee being granted one vote each.
This special selection procedure continued until July 1979, where it was decided to award the sole responsibility of all manager-related areas to the manager himself, with the assignment of Sepp Piontek as the first full-time professional manager of the national team.
It stars John Standing as upper class Conservative politician Charles Latimer, MP, who begins a relationship with working class cockney fashion model Lorraine Watts (played by former model Lorraine Chase).
In the documentary on the film's DVD release, Massey mentioned that she originally auditioned for the much smaller role of the secretary Monica, a part for which Jean Marsh was cast.
In the New Year's Honours List published on 31 December 2004, she was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to drama.
At an August 1988 dinner party held at the home of their mutual friend, Joy Whitby, she met Russian-born metallurgist Uri Andres, who had been based at Imperial College, London since 1975.
Wollaton Hall is an Elizabethan country house of the 1580s standing on a small but prominent hill in Wollaton Park, Nottingham, England.
The surrounding parkland has a herd of deer, and is regularly used for large-scale outdoor events such as rock concerts, sporting events and festivals.
Wollaton Hall was built between 1580 and 1588 for Sir Francis Willoughby and is believed to be designed by the Elizabethan architect, Robert Smythson, who had by then completed Longleat, and was to go on to design Hardwick Hall.
The general plan of Wollaton is comparable to these, and was widely adopted for other houses, but the exuberant decoration of Wollaton is distinctive, and it is possible that Willoughby played some part in creating it.
At each corner of the house is a square pavilion of three storeys, with decorative features rising above the roof line.
The architectural historian Mark Girouard has suggested that the design is in fact derived from Nikolaus de Lyra's reconstruction, and Josephus's description, of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, with a more direct inspiration being the mid-16th century Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall, which Smythson knew.
The building is of Ancaster stone from Lincolnshire, and is said to have been paid for with coal from the Wollaton pits owned by Willoughby; the labourers were also paid this way.
Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos recorded in 1702 that the master masons, and some of the statuary, were brought from Italy.
The decorative gondola mooring rings carved in stone on the exterior walls offer some evidence of this, as do other architectural features.
The house was unused for about four decades before 1687, following a fire in 1642, and then re-occupied and given the first of several campaigns of re-modelling of the interiors.
Paintings on the ceilings of the two main staircases and round the walls of one are attributed to Sir James Thornhill and perhaps also Louis Laguerre, carried out around 1700.
The gallery of the main hall contains Nottinghamshire's oldest pipe organ, thought to date from the end of the 17th century, possibly by the builder Gerard Smith.
Beneath the hall are many cellars and passages, and a well and associated reservoir tank, in which some accounts report that an admiral of the Willoughby family took a daily bath.
The Willoughbys were noted for the number of explorers they produced, most famously Sir Hugh Willoughby who died in the Arctic in 1554 attempting a North East passage to Cathay.
The prospect room at the top of the house, and the kitchens in the basement, were opened up for the public to visit, though this must be done on one of the escorted tours.
On display are some of the items from the three quarters of a million specimens that make up its zoology, geology, and botany collections.
The Museum started life as an interest group at the Nottingham Mechanics' Institution; it is now owned by the Nottingham City Council.
It has an active community of around 2500 developers and end-users worldwide, ranging from consultants to large multinationals, finance institutions, tax authorities, retailers, engineering companies, media operators and software houses.
PROIV programs consist of declarative/non-procedural specifications that control the overall structure of the program and database access and that have an implicit sequence of execution (which PROIV programmers refer to as the timing cycle).
During the second half of the 1980s, a PROIV team entered in the 4GL Grand Prix contests of 1987, 1988 and 1990 and the product finished second on each occasion.
PROIV supports a wide variety of operating systems by virtue of a write once, run anywhere virtual machine model similar to Java.
Server platform technology supported in current releases includes Linux, Microsoft Windows, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX and OpenVMS plus Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, Pervasive SQL, RMS, VSAM and C-ISAM.
Once programmers are familiar with PROIV then, consistent with the nature of PROIV as a 4GL, productivity in PROIV's intended application domains is typically high and programmers can be effective even without extensive technical skills/knowledge.
Some long-term users have passed through two or three decades of technological change using the same core functionality developed in PROIV.
With each fresh release of PROIV, users have immediate access to the latest technologies without losing the development work they have invested in their existing PROIV applications.
PROIV has no inbuilt support for Interprocess Communication (IPC) mechanisms, although this can be added via the ability to extend the PROIV kernel in C.
There is no formal/rigorous definition of the syntax or semantics of PROIV available to programmers, which can make problem resolution difficult for the inexperienced.
Its intended effect was to simplify the official pattern of where and when daylight saving time (DST) is applied within the U.S.
Prior to this law, each state had its own scheme for when DST would begin and end, and in some cases, which parts of the state should use it.
The latest amendment, part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, extends DST by four or five weeks by moving the uniform start date for DST to the second Sunday in March and the end date to the first Sunday in November (effective 2007).
The Department of Energy was required to report to Congress the impact of the DST extension by December 1, 2007 (nine months after the statute took effect).
The most noteworthy exceptions are the states of Arizona and Hawaii, the commonwealths of the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico, and the territories of American Samoa, Guam, and U.S. Virgin Islands, none of which observe Daylight Saving Time.
In contrast, the Hopi Nation, whose territory is surrounded entirely by the Arizona portion of the Navajo Nation, has chosen not to use DST.
Mudkip, known as the Mud Fish Pokémon, are small blue Pokémon with a large fin on their head that allows them to sense movements within the air and water, acting as a radar.
While in the water, they use the orange, spiky gills on their cheeks to breathe while using their large tail fin to propel themselves.
Mudkip and members of its evolution family dwell in swamps or other wetlands, deep inside isolated islands, because of their dislike of fresh water lakes and ponds.
Brock's Lotad and Mudkip then work together to defeat Team Rocket, at which point the Mudkip decides to join Brock's team.
Mudkip's primary role is to assist Brock during water related situations, such as searching for objects in the ocean, such as an Illumise and a pearl belonging to a Spoink.
A separate Mudkip also appears when the group meet a trainer called Nicolai, a young trainer, who is training his first Pokémon, Mudkip, which later defeats May's Torchic in a battle.
Nicolai connects with his Pokémon in battle by dressing up in a suit resembling his Pokémon, wearing both Mudkip and Zigzagoon outfits in the episode.
Ruby becomes a Pokémon coordinator, a person who uses their Pokémon for contests rather than battles, and uses Zuzu in those contests.
At the beginning Ruby was disappointed with it because it wasn't pretty enough like his other Pokémon, but then he decided that Tough Contests would be perfect for it.
Zuzu evolved into a Marshtomp unexpectedly while Ruby was in Slateport City, and again into a Swampert, while training near Fortree City.
GameFAQs's sixth and seventh annual character battles featured Mudkip, with him losing in round one against Luigi in 2007, and against Mega Man X in 2008.
IGN's Pokémon Chick chose Mudkip as her starter, but was disappointed with how Swampert turned out and argued that other Water types were better.
On April 1, 2008, DeviantArt played an April Fool's Day joke on its members based on the meme, changing all their users avatars to images of Mudkip.
That same year, Mudkip was among the memes used by hacktivist group Anonymous in the Project Chanology protests against the Church of Scientology, where it appeared on protest signs and flags.
It became a fixed phrase by which the Athenian aristocracy referred to itself; in the ethical philosophers, the first of whom were Athenian gentlemen, the term came to mean the ideal or perfect man.
The form given by convention is the masculine, but it was equally used of women (the feminine form is ) and could also describe animals or inanimate objects.
Her interpretation is dependent upon the interpretation that for Aristotle, both kalokagathia and megalopsuchia, are not, in their true forms, virtues that come about only because people want to be honoured for doing good things.
Jeffrey Allen Ament (born March 10, 1963) is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the bassist for the American rock band Pearl Jam.
Along with Stone Gossard, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder, he is one of the band's founding members, and is also known for his work prior to Pearl Jam with the 1980s Seattle-based grunge rock bands Green River and Mother Love Bone, and is particularly notable for his work with the fretless bass, upright bass, and twelve-string bass guitar.
Ament was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7, 2017.
The first of five children, Ament was born in Havre, Montana to George and Penny Ament and grew up in the town of Big Sandy, Montana, a town with a population of less than 700.
Ament's father George was mayor of Big Sandy for fifteen years, as well as a barber and a school bus driver.
He then went on to college at the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana, where he studied art and played basketball.
Ament quit college in the middle of his second year after the university told him they were no longer going to continue its graphic design program.
Ament became acquainted with fellow Seattle musicians Mark Arm and Steve Turner, and he was asked to join their new band Green River in 1984.
Ament and Gossard wanted to pursue a major-label deal, while Arm wanted to remain independent, viewing the duo as being too careerist.
Regarding the accusation, Ament later said that during his time with the band he had to work at a restaurant in order to pay his rent, while the other members were supported by their parents.
Following Green River's dissolution, Ament established Mother Love Bone in 1988 along with former Green River members Gossard and Fairweather, former Malfunkshun frontman Andrew Wood, and former Ten Minute Warning and Skin Yard drummer Greg Gilmore.
The band quickly worked on recording and performing locally and by late 1988 had become one of Seattle's more promising bands.
After spending a few days in the hospital in a coma, Wood died, effectively bringing Mother Love Bone to an end.
Ament briefly spent time in the band War Babies, but he eventually got back together with Gossard and a childhood friend of Gossard's named Mike McCready.
The trio were attempting to form their own band when they were invited to be part of the Temple of the Dog project founded by Soundgarden's Chris Cornell as a musical tribute to Andrew Wood.
The band started rehearsing songs that Cornell had written on tour prior to Wood's death, as well as re-working some existing material from demos written by Gossard and Ament.
This project eventually featured vocalist Eddie Vedder, who had arrived in Seattle to audition to be the singer for Ament and Gossard's next band, which later became Pearl Jam.
The band originally took the name Mookie Blaylock, but was forced to change it when the band signed to Epic Records in 1991.
The band found itself amidst the sudden popularity and attention given to the Seattle music scene and the genre known as grunge.
Feeling the pressures of success, the band decided to decrease the level of promotion for its albums, including refusing to release music videos.
In 1994, the band began a much-publicized boycott of Ticketmaster, which lasted for three years and limited the band's ability to tour in the United States.
He was replaced by Jack Irons, a close friend of Vedder and the former and original drummer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Pearl Jam enlisted former Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron as Irons' replacement on an initially temporary basis, but he soon became a permanent replacement for Irons.
It was released on the band's 1998 fan club Christmas single; however, by popular demand, the cover was released to the public as a single in 1999.
Ament had a side project band named Three Fish, which he formed in 1994 with Robbi Robb of Tribe After Tribe and Richard Stuverud of the Fastbacks.
On January 24, 2011 Ament announced on Pearl Jam's official website his side project with dUg Pinnick of King's X and Richard Stuverud of the Fastbacks.
With his brother Barry, Ament founded Ames Bros., an art production company that produces tour posters and album artwork for many bands, including Pearl Jam.
Ament has cited the Who, the Beatles, Aerosmith, Kiss, AC/DC, Sex Pistols, Ramones, the Clash, Black Flag, and King's X among his influences.
I've worked hard with our producers to make sure that when you play our records on your stereo, you can feel the bass.
You might not necessarily be able to hear it all the time, but if you turn it up you can feel the movement in the low end—that it's moving the song.
The CBC Radio Orchestra was a Canadian orchestra based in Vancouver, British Columbia, that was operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Until the early 1980s CBC had a number of orchestras located in Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax but due to federal government budget cuts they were eliminated and the CBC Vancouver Orchestra was promoted to national status.
It changed names in 2000 to reflect its status as the CBC's only broadcast orchestra; the last radio orchestra in North America.
Over the years guest conductors have included Raffi Armenian, Kees Bakels, Michel Corboz, Victor Feldbrill, Serge Garant, Monica Huggett, Milton Katims, Gary Kulesha, Sir Ernest MacMillan, Ettore Mazzoleni, Geoffrey Moull, Harry Newstone, Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Jaap Schroeder, Georg Tintner, Owen Underhill, Heinz Unger, and Jon Washburn.
On April 30, 2006, Canadian trombonist Alain Trudel was named musical director of the orchestra, replacing Mario Bernardi as of fall 2006.
tour in the early 1970s, Markham and Toronto, Ontario in the late 1990s, a trip to Yellowknife in the December 2004 and to Iqaluit, Baffin Island in September 2008.
This successful business plan was later altered and they were restricted to performing in public broadcast concerts only at the Chan Shun Concert Hall in Vancouver.
Several Members of Parliament from different parties expressed their opposition to the orchestra's demise at a May 2, 2008 meeting of the House Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage; Bill Siksay (NDP - Burnaby—Douglas), Denis Coderre (Liberal Canadian Heritage Critic) and Ed Fast (Conservative - Abbotsford).
On November 1, 2008, CBCRO musical director Alain Trudel announced that the orchestra would attempt to continue independently of the CBC, as the National Broadcast Orchestra of Canada with plans to perform six to 10 concerts a year with a contingent of between 35 and 50 players.
The NBO will have a projected budget of $1 million to be provided through fundraising though the ensemble hopes to eventually qualify for government grants.
Trudel says the orchestra will continue to concentrate on North American music and new works by Canadian composers and intends to be a multimedia orchestra utilizing webcasting as well as undertaking radio and television projects.
Being the first born son of the blind king, he was the crown prince of Kuru Kingdom and its capital Hastinapura along with his cousin Yudhishtra who was older than him.
Unlike Bhima, who overly relied on his strength to defeat opponents, Duryodhana used his greater skill in wielding the mace to defeat opponents.
This extreme proficiency in mace fighting is what allowed him to go toe-to-toe with the former, possibly even defeating him, had the former not resorted to unfair practices.
Vyasa divided the ball of flesh into one hundred and one equal pieces, and put them in pots of ghee, which were sealed and buried into the earth for two years.
Although loved by his family, Duryodhana and most of his brothers are not seen on the same level as the Pandavas in their adherence to virtue, duty, and respect for elders.
Duryodhana's hatred for the Pandavas stems from his sincere belief that he being the son of the eldest brother and the then king is the heir apparent to the throne of Hastinapura.
He never believed that their divine origin alone proved their superiority, on many occasions questioning their merits, and always calling them the 'Kaunteya' (sons of Kunti).
He also bore a deep hatred of Bhima, who was younger than him but much stronger and dominated his brothers in sport and skill with his immense physical power and strength.
At the martial exhibition where the Kaurava and Pandava princes demonstrate their skills before their elders, their guru Drona and the people of that kingdom, Karna appears and challenges an unsuspecting Arjuna, who is considered by Drona to be the best of the princes.
But Karna is stopped when Kripa asks him to ascertain his lineage, as it would be inappropriate for unequal to compete.
Using the boon granted to him by Dhritarashtra, Duryodhana makes Karna king of Anga so that he is regarded as Arjuna's equal.
Neither of them know that Karna is in fact Kunti's oldest son, born to (sun god) Surya, before her marriage to Pandu.
When Karna is killed, Duryodhana mourns his death intensely, even more so than the death of his own brothers and was inconsolable.
When Karna's identity is revealed to him, Duryodhana's love for Karna only grows and it is said to be he, and not the Pandavas, who performs Karna's last rites.
As Bhima was gluttonous, Duryodhana, guided by Shakuni attempted to kill Bhima by feeding him poison, but Bhima survived the trap and emerged even stronger than before.
Duryodhana then participated in a plot by Shakuni to burn the Pandavas in a house of wax at Varnavata; however, they managed to escape the trap having been warned by Vidura.
After the Pandavas reveal that they have survived the wax house, with a new wife to boot, Bhishma suggests that the kingdom be divided in order to ease the obvious tension.
Yudhishthira is given half the kingdom and made king of Khandavprastha, so as to avoid a clash with the Kaurava princes over the whole Kuru Kingdom.
Duryodhana becomes the crown prince of Hastinapura, and owing to the age and blindness of his father, he accumulates much control and influence, managing the state affairs himself with a group of his advisers that include his uncle Shakuni, brother Dushasana, Bhishma, Vidura, and Karna.
Moreover, Yudhishthira performs the Rajasuya Yagna and gains the authority over several other kingdoms; Indraprastha's prosperity and fame appear to exceed Hastinapura's.
Duryodhana is unable to contain his anger, which is intensified when Bhima, Arjuna, the twins, and the servants laugh at him when he slips into a pool of water during a visit to Indraprastha.
Raging in jealousy by the prosperity and fame of Indraprashta, and being humiliated by the Pandavas, makes Duryodhana furious and he wishes to throw down the Pandavas.
To support his will, Shakuni devises a scheme to rob Yudhishthira of his kingdom and wealth by defeating him in a game of dice, which Shakuni cannot lose due to his superior skill over Yudhishthira's ineptitude and addiction to the game of dice.
Unable to resist the challenge, Yudhishthira gambles away his entire kingdom, his wealth, his four brothers and even his wife, in a series of gambits to retrieve one by staking another.
As she is Duryodhana's property after Yudhishthira gambled everything away to him, Duryodhana tells Draupadi to sit on his left thigh, showing and patting it to insult her for revenge.
But then (either through Duryodhana forcing his father to command the Pandavas to play again, or through Shakuni's vicious tricks) the game is repeated.
For this game of dice Shakuni sets the condition that upon losing, Yudhishthira and his brothers must spend thirteen years in exile in the forest before they may reclaim their kingdom.
In the Chaturdhari compilation, it is interpolated that Karna took up the task of establishing Duryodhana as the Emperor of the world (India).
With the help of Karna, Duryodhana even made plans and preparations to conquer Indra, the lord of the heavens and the father of Arjuna in order to become the sovereign ruler of both heaven and earth.
At the end of the exile term, Duryodhana refuses to return Yudhishthira's kingdom, despite the counsel of Bhishma, Dronacharya, and Vidura.
In a final attempt at securing peace, Krishna returns with the Pandavas' final proposal: the Pandavas would give up all claims to Indraprastha and Hastinapura in exchange for five villages.
The entire Kaurava court, save for Bhishma, Drona, Vidura, and Dhritarashtra (who was granted divine vision in order to see that by supporting his son, he was going against God), is temporarily blinded by the form.
Duryodhana, being vastly egoistic (in some versions of the story an outright atheist), brushes off the incident, not convinced of Krishna's divinity, and believing that strength of arms, not philosophy, would win him a war.
The most legendary warriors – Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Kripa, Ashwatthama, Shrutyudha, even those who were critical of him are forced to fight for Duryodhana due to their previous commitments.
Duryodhana rushes to Dwarika only to find Krishna sleeping; he waits at the head of Krishna's bed when suddenly, Arjuna arrives with the same goal in mind.
Joyously, Duryodhana returns to Hastinapura with the Vrishini army in-hand, only to be rebuked by Shakuni, who comments that Krishna is worth many armies by himself.
In the war, Duryodhana repeatedly eggs on the invincible Bhishma and Drona to forward his cause, even though his main hope is Karna.
He desires to appoint Karna as his commander-in-chief; however, Karna and Shakuni point out that his already reluctant allies would much rather fight under Bhishma, an older, experienced, god-born, kshatriya than fight under a suta-putra.
On the thirteenth day of battle, his heir Lakshmana is killed by Arjuna's son, Abhimanyu, who proceeds to try and arrest Duryodhana.
Duryodhana is repeatedly frustrated, as the Pandavas succeed in downing Drona, and is emotionally distraught when, on the 14th day, Arjuna, enraged by Abhimanyu's death, tears through the Kaurava army and slays Duryodhana's brother-in-law Jayadratha.
It is said that Duryodhana never shed a single tear for any of his real brothers except Dushasana who were killed in the battlefield, but when his beloved friend Karna was slain, he was inconsolable.
Yet, he prepares for his final battle; for a death befitting a warrior on the battlefield and hoping to reunite with his friends and relations in the afterlife.
In some versions of the story, after Karna's death, Duryodhana doesn't even join his army and instead heads immediately to the lake.
On the eighteenth day of the war, with his army reduced to himself, Ashwatthama, Kripa and Kritvarma, Duryodhana goes to meditate in a lake.
When the Pandavas and Krishna eventually find him, Duryodhana tells them that he wants to gift the kingdom to them, and retire to the forest.
Instead, he offers that Duryodhana may pick any of the Pandava brothers to fight against one-to-one with a weapon of his choice, with the winner of the conflict the victor of the war.
After a long and brutal battle between the two disciples of Balarama, Duryodhana begins to exhaust Bhima, and nearly makes Bhima faint.
At this point, Krishna, observing the fight, calls out to Bhima and signals him by repeatedly clapping his own thigh with his hand.
After having his face insultingly kicked by Bhima, Duryodhana bemoans that he was slain by unfair means, given that it was illegal to attack below the waist in a mace fight.
Lord Krishna consoles Balarama, by reminding him of Duryodhana's evil deeds, and reprimands him for trying to influence a war he refused to participate in.
Lying defeated, Duryodhana boasts to the Pandavas about how he will die a glorious death, about how he got to enjoy Hastinapur while the Pandavas were in exile, and about how he would now spend the afterlife in the company of his friends and relatives.
Much to the Pandavas' dismay, Krishna confirms that through his powers of illusion and artifice, he was able to enervate and weaken champions such as Bhishma, Karna, and Duryodhana, confirming that Duryodhana's side was clearly stronger and that such tricks were necessary to ensure the Pandavas' victory.
The Pandavas, weeping, bemoan their own actions and trickery, while the Gods shower flowers on a dying Duryodhana, full of glory.
When the coast is clear, Ashwatthama, Kripacharya, and Kritvarma, having witnessed the fight and not wanting to interrupt so as to rob Duryodhana of his honor, come to Duryodhana's broken body.
In others, Ashwatthama knows he has only killed the Upapandavas, but lies to his friend to make him happy in his final moments.
In yet others versions, Ashwatthama tells Duryodhana that he killed the Pandavas' children, and Duryodhana is either happy that the Pandava lineage would die out, or distraught that the entire Kuru clan's future has ended.
Following that, Narada smiled at Yudhishthira and explained that Duryodhana had suffered for his sins, and that ultimately, Duryodhana was a warrior who had defended his dharma and fought bravely and valiantly, having been a great ruler, a true friend, and a terrible foe.
The thought that he had under-utilized Ashwatthama prompted Duryodhana to rethink and make him the commander of his army after his defeat.
After the night raid of Ashwatthama on the Pandava camp, Duryodhana died in peace and glory, considering victory as his own, as he would die valiantly and peacefully and be reunited with his brothers, relatives and dearest friend Karna, whereas the Pandavas would live a misery-filled life, having lost everyone they cared about.
Urubhangam is a Sanskrit play written by Bhasa in the 2nd or 3rd century AD with Duryodhana as its primary protagonist.
Many critics argue that he is not without positives; many consider Duryodhana as a fair king and there are temples dedicated to him and the Kauravas.
He is also praised for his adherence to his duties as a Kshatriya, and even in his last combat, fights bravely.
He chooses to face Bhima in combat over all the other Pandavas, with whom he has an advantage in mace fighting.
According to Mahabharata, when Bhishma has to pick Dhritarashtra's successor, he mentions to Vidura many of Duryodhana's positive qualities in comparison to Yudhishthira.
Having spent so many years in the forest, Yudhishthira doesn't have Duryodhana's experience, military expertise, education, and courtly manners; alongside, Duryodhan treats all his subjects equally.
Although Bhishma ultimately chooses Yudhishthira, it is said that Duryodhana was a wonderful ruler who the subjects looked up to: just, intelligent, powerful, experienced and equal.
The friendship between Karna and Duryodhana is considered to be a great one, and is used as an example of friendship and loyalty.
He goes one step further to accord Karna a place among the royals, by crowning him the King of Anga and standing by him whenever anyone pointed a finger at his lower-birth.
He seems to not care about the low birth of Karna and is the only one to vocally support Karna's candidature in the archery contest without caring about caste inequality.
It is said that, when Duryodhana had recently wedded Bhanumati, one day, he requested Karna to take care of her and entertain her for the evening as he had duties to be taken care of.
Karna, whose back was facing the door, did not realize this and misconstrued her intent, thinking that she was leaving because she was on the losing side.
He immediately reached for her pearl-trimmed shawl, and accidentally pulled so hard that the trimming broke, and the pearls were scattered all over the floor.
She had heard of his ego, and had personally been present the last time he was insulted, that had resulted in her own abduction.
He stood in shame, embarrassment and guilt, considering the wrath and inevitable punishment he was going to face from his friend.
Bhanumati and Karna could only look at each other in shock, mutely, feeling ashamed at the way they had both severely misjudged him.
Not for a moment did he suspect that the man he had considered his brother would ever betray him, and only quietly picked up the pearls trustfully.
This story is not present in the Vyasa Mahabharata, but is often commonly told when discussing Karna and Duryodhana's genuine friendship.
The Sharon Temple is an open-air museum site, located in the village of Sharon, Ontario, that was in 1990 designated as a National Historic Site of Canada.
The building is made available for public use such as tours, concerts, weddings, and special occasions by its current owner, the Sharon Temple Museum Society.
The Ebenezer Doan house of 1819, constructed by the temple's master-builder and relocated from the former Doan family farm nearby, has been restored in an early garden setting.
The leader of the sect was David Willson, who was born in New York State in 1778 and migrated to Upper Canada in 1801.
He joined the Quakers of which his wife was a member, but his ministry was rejected when he began to preach at the beginning of the War of 1812.
Followers of the sect were strong political reformers and Willson played a critical role in the creation of the Canadian Alliance Society, the first political party in the province.
At the apex of the temple, suspended between the top four lanterns, is a golden globe; on this, the highest point in the village of Hope, they inscribed their highest hope - peace to the world.
The temple is an architectural representation of the Children of Peace's vision of a society based on the values of peace, equality, and social justice.
For example, Willson timed election rallies for Members of Parliament Robert Baldwin and Louis LaFontaine to coincide with the Illumination and Feasts in 1843.
The simple rock foundation does not even go below the frost line; yet the building remains structurally sound after more than 175 years.
James L. Hughes, the Toronto-based York Pioneer and Historical Society raised funds to purchase the temple and its grounds in 1917 and opened the temple as a museum in 1918.
This is significant as one of the earliest examples of historic preservation in Canada, one of the reasons for which the temple received its National Historic Designation in 1993.
The York Pioneers collected artifacts from throughout York County and created a county museum and park, which they displayed in the temple.
The York Pioneers restored and moved the 1819 home of Ebenezer Doan, master builder of the temple, and a log house associated with Jesse Doan, bandmaster of the Children of Peace, to the site.
The concerts grew in number from five in the inaugural season to fourteen in 1989; in 1990 the entire festival was given over to the production of Serinette, a commissioned opera by Harry Somers.
Music at Sharon commissioned new works by John Beckwith (Three Motets on Swan's 'China'), Phil Nimmons, Linda C. Smith, Carol Ann Weaver, Glen Buhr, Derek Holman, and many others.
A commemorative album of the first series featuring the Elmer Iseler Singers and an instrumental ensemble directed by John Beckwith was issued (1982, Melbourne SMLP-4041/RCI 554).
It was produced by Elivira Lount, a descendant of the martyr of the Rebellion of 1837, and written and directed by Laurence Keane.
Reaney's libretto is based on an historical feud between the Ridout and Jarvis families in the 1830s, and the attraction of the fictitious central figure, Colin Jarvis ('younger brother' of the historical Samuel Jarvis) to the utopian community at Sharon.
In 1991 the charitable, not-for-profit Sharon Temple Museum Society was created, and it assumed the obligations of the York Pioneer and Historical Society, and now owns and maintains the site and its legacy of buildings, artifacts and documents.
Since the temple was rescued from demolition by the York Pioneer and Historical Society in 1917, the building has undergone periodic restoration work but without significant structural intervention.
The Ontario Heritage Foundation funded extensive restoration of the exterior in 1995 and currently holds a conservation easement on this and other buildings on the site.
The most recent work includes: restoration of a wood shingle roof, exterior painting, full reglazing of Temple windows (1993); partial restoration of the Arc, replacement of the gold globe (1996); remedial repair to the floors (1998); restoration and painting of the temple doors (2001); repainting ground floor windows (2003); ceiling plaster repairs on interior of Temple (2005); foundation repairs, installation of fire detection system (2011).
Brassey was the son of the railway contractor Thomas Brassey, by Maria Harrison, daughter of Joseph Harrison, a forwarding and shipping agent.
Brassey was briefly Member of Parliament (MP) for Devonport in 1865, winning the seat at a by-election in June and then losing it again the general election in July.
He returned to Parliament three years later as the representative for Hastings at the 1868 general election, holding that seat until he was defeated at the 1886 general election.
He served under William Ewart Gladstone as Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1880 to 1884 and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty from 1884 to 1884.
He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1881 and raised to the peerage as Baron Brassey, of Bulkeley in the County of Chester, in 1886.
In 1893 Queen Victoria appointed nine members as the Royal Opium Commission, which consisted of seven British and two Indian members, which was headed by Lord Brassey, who served as the Chairman.
The Commission was to report on whether India Opium export trade to far east (China) should be ended and, further, whether poppy growing and consumption of Opium in India itself should be prohibited save for medical purpose.
From 1895 to 1900 he was Governor of Victoria, a colony in Australia, and lived in its capital, Melbourne, in Government House.
Brassey is remembered in Australia's national capital, Canberra, with Brassey House, now a hotel (originally a guest house) in the inner suburb of Barton, Australian Capital Territory, completed in 1927 to coincide with the relocation of the Federal Parliament from Melbourne to Canberra.
Brassey House originally offered 45 rooms with shared bathing facilities, for the exclusive use of members of parliament and mid-level government officials relocating to Canberra.
During the mid 1960s the government of the day expanded the capacity to 131 rooms and added conference and meeting rooms.
It was sold in the mid-1980s to local businessmen and has been operated since as a residential hotel, now with 75 rooms including ensuites.
It is said to have been built back-to-front, with the more ornate façade facing Belmore Gardens and its plainer face to Macquarie Street.
He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1906 and made Viscount Hythe, of Hythe in the County of Kent, and Earl Brassey in 1911.
He was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the part-time 6th (Hastings) Cinque Ports Artillery Volunteer Corps on 1 June 1861, and was later the captain of the 9th (Pevensey) Cinque Ports AVC.
When he was appointed Governor of Victoria, while he had never held any Lodge office, he was appointed Honorary Past Junior Grand Warden.
On 4 May 1896 two days before being installed as Senior Warden, he was installed Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Victoria.
His becoming of Grand Master was a bit controversial because many members preferred then-current Grand Master Sir William Clarke, 1st Baronet to stay and nominated him again.
The third daughter, Lady Muriel Agnes, married Gilbert Sackville, 8th Earl De La Warr, and was the mother of Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr, while the fourth daughter, Lady Marie Adelaide, married Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon.
Brassey married secondly Lady Sybil de Vere Capell, daughter of Arthur Capell, Viscount Malden, and sister of George Capell, 7th Earl of Essex, in 1890.
As a teenager she learned piano but she only began to study music seriously after taking a musicianship class at the University of Michigan, where she received a B.A.
On a trip to New York, she became friends with composition students Michael Gordon and David Lang, both of whom had recently attended the Yale School of Music and who encouraged her to apply.
She has been a Professor of Music Composition at New York University in the Steinhardt School since 2009, prior to which she was an Adjunct Professor at the Manhattan School of Music for seven years.
Bang on a Can is now an organization with a concert series and tours, and a summer festival in the Berkshires for emerging composers and performers.
The text is culled from more than 200 versions of the John Henry legend and based on hearsay, recollection, and tall tales that explore the subject of human versus machine.
The piece premiered in 2012 with the BBC Concert Orchestra, conducted by Keith Lockhart, and premiered in the Netherlands with the Codarts Ensemble and the United States with the Albany Symphony Orchestra in the 2014–15 season.
Wolfe has collaborated with theater artist Anna Deavere Smith, architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, filmmaker Bill Morrison, Ridge Theater, director François Girard, Jim Findlay, and choreographer Susan Marshall, among others.
Her music has been heard at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, the Sydney Olympic Arts Festival, Settembre Musica (Italy), Théâtre de la Ville (Paris), Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, and Carnegie Hall, and has been recorded on Cantaloupe Music, Teldec, Point/Universal, Sony Classical Records, and Argo/Decca.
Wolfe is one of the founders and artistic directors of Bang on a Can (alongside fellow composers Michael Gordon and David Lang), best known for its Marathon Concerts during which an eclectic mix of pieces are performed in succession over the course of many hours while audience members are welcome to come and go as they please.
For the twentieth anniversary of their Marathon Concerts, Bang on a Can presented twenty-six hours of uninterrupted music at the World Financial Center Winter Garden Atrium in New York City.
Among Bang on a Can's early events were performances by John Cage, premieres of Glenn Branca’s epic symphonies for massed electric guitars, and fully staged operas by Harry Partch, featuring the composer's original instruments.
A projected comic strip accompanies and interacts with the singers, and the frames fall away in the telling of the story.
It was released on 15 September 2003 in Japan, 22 September 2003 in the United Kingdom by East West Records and Taste Media and 23 March 2004 in the United States by Warner Bros. Records.
Because of contractual obligations, the band could not allow the song to be downloaded for free, so the fee was set at $0.99 and it was downloaded more than 20,000 times.
The underlined noun phrase, which contains a clause, is taken to have moved leftward in the second sentence, the blank marking its starting position.
These data are difficult to explain in an analysis based on movement, since it is not evident how the b-sentence can be grammatical each time if it is derived by a movement operation applied to the corresponding a-example.
To state the problem in other words, the movement analysis of the b-sentences has to explain the unexpected fact that the a-sentences are bad.
In geometry, a curve of constant width is a convex planar shape whose width (defined as the perpendicular distance between two distinct parallel lines each having at least one point in common with the shape's boundary but none with the shape's interior) is the same regardless of the orientation of the curve.
A supporting line is a line that has at least one point in common with the boundary of D but no points in common with the interior of D. The width of the body is defined as before.
On the other hand, the width of a square varies between the length of a side and that of a diagonal, in the ratio formula_1.
To construct this, take an equilateral triangle with vertices ABC and draw the arc BC on the circle centered at A, the arc CA on the circle centered at B, and the arc AB on the circle centered at C. The resulting figure is of constant width.
The Reuleaux triangle lacks tangent continuity at three points, but constant-width curves can also be constructed without such discontinuities (as shown in the second illustration on the right).
Curves of constant width can be generated by joining circular arcs centered on the vertices of a regular or irregular convex polygon with an odd number of sides (triangle, pentagon, heptagon, etc.
To see this, simply note that one can rotate parallel line segments (supporting lines) around curves of constant width by definition.
A basic result on curves of constant width is Barbier's theorem, which asserts that the perimeter of any curve of constant width is equal to the width (diameter) multiplied by π.
where formula_4 denote the length of formula_2, the area of the region bounded by formula_2 and the oriented area of the Wigner caustic of formula_2, respectively.
Δ curves (delta curves), the simplest of which is the circle, are curves which can be rotated in the equilateral triangle, have many similar properties to curves of constant width.
The generalization of the definition of bodies of constant width to convex bodies in R³ and their boundaries leads to the concept of surface of constant width (in the case of a Reuleaux triangle, this does not lead to a Reuleaux tetrahedron, but to Meissner bodies).
Their heptagonal shape with curved sides means that the currency detector in an automated coin machine will always measure the same width, no matter which angle it takes its measurement from.
There exists a polynomial formula_8 of degree 8, whose variety (i.e., set of points in formula_9 for which formula_10) is a non-circular curve of constant width.
A Reuleaux triangle is a shape formed from the intersection of three circular disks, each having its center on the boundary of the other two.
Reuleaux triangles have also been called spherical triangles, but that term more properly refers to triangles on the curved surface of a sphere.
They are named after Franz Reuleaux, a 19th-century German engineer who pioneered the study of machines for translating one type of motion into another, and who used Reuleaux triangles in his designs.
However, these shapes were known before his time, for instance by the designers of Gothic church windows, by Leonardo da Vinci, who used it for a map projection, and by Leonhard Euler in his study of constant-width shapes.
Other applications of the Reuleaux triangle include giving the shape to guitar picks, pencils, and drill bits for drilling square holes, as well as in graphic design in the shapes of some signs and corporate logos.
Among constant-width shapes with a given width, the Reuleaux triangle has the minimum area and the sharpest (smallest) possible angle (120°) at its corners.
It provides the largest constant-width shape avoiding the points of an integer lattice, and is closely related to the shape of the quadrilateral maximizing the ratio of perimeter to diameter.
It can perform a complete rotation within a square while at all times touching all four sides of the square, and has the smallest possible area of shapes with this property.
However, although it covers most of the square in this rotation process, it fails to cover a small fraction of the square's area, near its corners.
The Reuleaux triangle is the first of a sequence of Reuleaux polygons, whose boundaries are curves of constant width formed from regular polygons with an odd number of sides.
The Reuleaux triangle can also be generalized into three dimensions in multiple ways: the Reuleaux tetrahedron (the intersection of four balls whose centers lie on a regular tetrahedron) does not have constant width, but can be modified by rounding its edges to form the Meissner tetrahedron, which does.
The first step is to mark two arbitrary points of the plane (which will eventually become vertices of the triangle), and use the compass to draw a circle centered at one of the marked points, through the other marked point.
Next, one draws a second circle, of the same radius, centered at the other marked point and passing through the first marked point.
Finally, one draws a third circle, again of the same radius, with its center at one of the two crossing points of the two previous circles, passing through both marked points.
The most basic property of the Reuleaux triangle is that it has constant width, meaning that for every pair of parallel supporting lines (two lines of the same slope that both touch the shape without crossing through it) the two lines have the same Euclidean distance from each other, regardless of the orientation of these lines.
In any pair of parallel supporting lines, one of the two lines will necessarily touch the triangle at one of its vertices.
The other supporting line may touch the triangle at any point on the opposite arc, and their distance (the width of the Reuleaux triangle) equals the radius of this arc.
The first mathematician to discover the existence of curves of constant width, and to observe that the Reuleaux triangle has constant width, may have been Leonhard Euler.
One method for deriving this area formula is to partition the Reuleaux triangle into an inner equilateral triangle and three curvilinear regions between this inner triangle and the arcs forming the Reuleaux triangle, and then add the areas of these four sets.
At the other extreme, the curve of constant width that has the maximum possible area is a circular disk, which has area formula_2.
Additionally, among the curves of constant width, the Reuleaux triangle is the one with both the largest and the smallest inscribed equilateral triangles.
The largest equilateral triangle inscribed in a Reuleaux triangle is the one connecting its three corners, and the smallest one is the one connecting the three midpoints of its sides.
The subset of the Reuleaux triangle consisting of points belonging to three or more diameters is the interior of the larger of these two triangles; it has a larger area than the set of three-diameter points of any other curve of constant width.
The Reuleaux triangle is the least symmetric curve of constant width according to two different measures of central asymmetry, the Kovner–Besicovitch measure (ratio of area to the largest centrally symmetric shape enclosed by the curve) and the Estermann measure (ratio of area to the smallest centrally symmetric shape enclosing the curve).
For the Reuleaux triangle, the two centrally symmetric shapes that determine the measures of asymmetry are both hexagonal, although the inner one has curved sides.
That is, the maximum ratio of areas on either side of a diameter, another measure of asymmetry, is bigger for the Reuleaux triangle than for other curves of constant width.
Among all shapes of constant width that avoid all points of an integer lattice, the one with the largest width is a Reuleaux triangle.
Just as it is possible for a circle to be surrounded by six congruent circles that touch it, it is also possible to arrange seven congruent Reuleaux triangles so that they all make contact with a central Reuleaux triangle of the same size.
Among all quadrilaterals, the shape that has the greatest ratio of its perimeter to its diameter is an equidiagonal kite that can be inscribed into a Reuleaux triangle.
More generally, for every curve of constant width, the largest inscribed circle and the smallest circumscribed circle are concentric, and their radii sum to the constant width of the curve.
It has also been conjectured, but not proven, that the Reuleaux triangles have the highest packing density of any curve of constant width.
Any curve of constant width can form a rotor within a square, a shape that can perform a complete rotation while staying within the square and at all times touching all four sides of the square.
As it rotates, its axis does not stay fixed at a single point, but instead follows a curve formed by the pieces of four ellipses.
Because of its 120° angles, the rotating Reuleaux triangle cannot reach some points near the sharper angles at the square's vertices, but rather covers a shape with slightly rounded corners, also formed by elliptical arcs.
At any point during this rotation, two of the corners of the Reuleaux triangle touch two adjacent sides of the square, while the third corner of the triangle traces out a curve near the opposite vertex of the square.
Reuleaux's original motivation for studying the Reuleaux triangle was as a counterexample, showing that three single-point contacts may not be enough to fix a planar object into a single position.
Overlooking this fact may have played a role in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, as the roundness of sections of the rocket in that launch was tested only by measuring different diameters, and off-round shapes may cause unusually high stresses that could have been one of the factors causing the disaster.
In connection with the inscribed square problem, observed that the Reuleaux triangle provides an example of a constant-width shape in which no regular polygon with more than four sides can be inscribed, except the regular hexagon, and he described a small modification to this shape that preserves its constant width but also prevents regular hexagons from being inscribed in it.
Several types of machinery take the shape of the Reuleaux triangle, based on its property of being able to rotate within a square.
The Watts Brothers Tool Works square drill bit has the shape of a Reuleaux triangle, modified with concavities to form cutting surfaces.
When mounted in a special chuck which allows for the bit not having a fixed centre of rotation, it can drill a hole that is nearly square.
Panasonic's RULO robotic vacuum cleaner has its shape based on the Reuleaux triangle in order to ease cleaning up dust in the corners of rooms.
They are usually promoted as being more comfortable or encouraging proper grip, as well as being less likely to roll off tables (since the center of gravity moves up and down more than a rolling hexagon).
A Reuleaux triangle (along with all other curves of constant width) can roll but makes a poor wheel because it does not roll about a fixed center of rotation.
An object on top of rollers that have Reuleaux triangle cross-sections would roll smoothly and flatly, but an axle attached to Reuleaux triangle wheels would bounce up and down three times per revolution.
A bicycle with floating axles and a frame supported by the rim of its Reuleaux triangle shaped wheel was built and demonstrated in 2009 by Chinese inventor Guan Baihua, who was inspired by pencils with the same shape.
With the assistance of the Gustav Voigt company, Reuleaux built approximately 800 models of mechanisms, several of which involved the Reuleaux triangle.
Although most of the Reuleaux–Voigt models have been lost, 219 of them have been collected at Cornell University, including nine based on the Reuleaux triangle.
However, the use of Reuleaux triangles in mechanism design predates the work of Reuleaux; for instance, some steam engines from as early as 1830 had a cam in the shape of a Reuleaux triangle.
In this application, it is necessary to advance the film in a jerky, stepwise motion, in which each frame of film stops for a fraction of a second in front of the projector lens, and then much more quickly the film is moved to the next frame.
This can be done using a mechanism in which the rotation of a Reuleaux triangle within a square is used to create a motion pattern for an actuator that pulls the film quickly to each new frame and then pauses the film's motion while the frame is projected.
The rotor of the Wankel engine is shaped as a curvilinear triangle that is often cited as an example of a Reuleaux triangle.
However, its curved sides are somewhat flatter than those of a Reuleaux triangle and so it does not have constant width.
In Gothic architecture, beginning in the late 13th century or early 14th century, the Reuleaux triangle became one of several curvilinear forms frequently used for windows, window tracery, and other architectural decorations.
For instance, in English Gothic architecture, this shape was associated with the decorated period, both in its geometric style of 1250–1290 and continuing into its curvilinear style of 1290–1350.
In this context, the shape is more frequently called a spherical triangle, but the more usual mathematical meaning of a spherical triangle is a triangle on the surface of a sphere (a shape also commonly used in architecture as a pendentive).
Another early application of the Reuleaux triangle, Leonardo da Vinci's world map, by Leonardo da Vinci circa 1514 (or possibly by one of his followers at his direction), was a world map in which the spherical surface of the earth was divided into eight octants, each flattened into the shape of a Reuleaux triangle.
Similar maps also based on the Reuleaux triangle were published by Oronce Finé in 1551 and by John Dee in 1580.
Many guitar picks employ the Reuleaux triangle, as its shape combines a sharp point to provide strong articulation, with a wide tip to produce a warm timbre.
Because all three points of the shape are usable, it is easier to orient and wears less quickly compared to a pick with a single tip.
Following a suggestion of , the antennae of the Submillimeter Array, a radio-wave astronomical observatory on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, are arranged on four nested Reuleaux triangles.
Placing the antennae on a curve of constant width causes the observatory to have the same spatial resolution in all directions, and provides a circular observation beam.
As the most asymmetric curve of constant width, the Reuleaux triangle leads to the most uniform coverage of the plane for the Fourier transform of the signal from the array.
The antennae may be moved from one Reuleaux triangle to another for different observations, according to the desired angular resolution of each observation.
In some places the constructed observatory departs from the preferred Reuleaux triangle shape because that shape was not possible within the given site.
The shield shapes used for many signs and corporate logos feature rounded triangles, some of which are more specifically Reuleaux triangles.
The corporate logo of Petrofina (Fina), a Belgian oil company with major operations in Europe, North America and Africa, used a Reuleaux triangle with the Fina name from 1950 until Petrofina's merger with Total S.A. in 2000.
Another corporate logo framed in the Reuleaux triangle, the south-pointing compass of Bavaria Brewery, was part of a makeover by design company Total Identity that won the SAN 2010 Advertiser of the Year award.
In the United States, the National Trails System and United States Bicycle Route System both mark routes with Reuleaux triangles on signage.
According to Plateau's laws, the circular arcs in two-dimensional soap bubble clusters meet at 120° angles, the same angle found at the corners of a Reuleaux triangle.
Based on this fact, it is possible to construct clusters in which some of the bubbles take the form of a Reuleaux triangle.
Basic bismuth nitrate disks with the Reuleaux triangle shape were formed from the hydrolysis and precipitation of bismuth nitrate in an ethanol–water system in the presence of 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine.
Triangular curves of constant width with smooth rather than sharp corners may be obtained as the locus of points at a fixed distance from the Reuleaux triangle.
Other generalizations of the Reuleaux triangle include surfaces in three dimensions, curves of constant width with more than three sides, and the Yanmouti sets which provide extreme examples of an inequality between width, diameter, and inradius.
It can, however, be made into a surface of constant width, called Meissner's tetrahedron, by replacing three of its edge arcs by curved surfaces, the surfaces of rotation of a circular arc.
Alternatively, the surface of revolution of a Reuleaux triangle through one of its symmetry axes forms a surface of constant width, with minimum volume among all known surfaces of revolution of given constant width.
Similar methods can be used to enclose an arbitrary simple polygon within a curve of constant width, whose width equals the diameter of the given polygon.
The resulting shape consists of circular arcs (at most as many as sides of the polygon), can be constructed algorithmically in linear time, and can be drawn with compass and straightedge.
Although the regular-polygon based Reuleaux polygons all have an odd number of circular-arc sides, it is possible to construct constant-width shapes based on irregular polygons that have an even number of sides.
The Yanmouti sets are defined as the convex hulls of an equilateral triangle together with three circular arcs, centered at the triangle vertices and spanning the same angle as the triangle, with equal radii that are at most equal to the side length of the triangle.
Thus, when the radius is small enough, these sets degenerate to the equilateral triangle itself, but when the radius is as large as possible they equal the corresponding Reuleaux triangle.
In the classical presentation of a three-set Venn diagram as three overlapping circles, the central region (representing elements belonging to all three sets) takes the shape of a Reuleaux triangle.
The same three circles form one of the standard drawings of the Borromean rings, three mutually linked rings that cannot, however, be realized as geometric circles.
Parts of these same circles are used to form the triquetra, a figure of three overlapping semicircles (each two of which form a vesica piscis symbol) that again has a Reuleaux triangle at its center; just as the three circles of the Venn diagram may be interlaced to form the Borromean rings, the three circular arcs of the triquetra may be interlaced to form a trefoil knot.
Relatives of the Reuleaux triangle arise in the problem of finding the minimum perimeter shape that encloses a fixed amount of area and includes three specified points in the plane.
For a wide range of choices of the area parameter, the optimal solution to this problem will be a curved triangle whose three sides are circular arcs with equal radii.
In particular, when the three points are equidistant from each other and the area is that of the Reuleaux triangle, the Reuleaux triangle is the optimal enclosure.
The deltoid curve is another type of curvilinear triangle, but one in which the curves replacing each side of an equilateral triangle are concave rather than convex.
It is not composed of circular arcs, but may be formed by rolling one circle within another of three times the radius.
Other planar shapes with three curved sides include the arbelos, which is formed from three semicircles with collinear endpoints, and the Bézier triangle.
This spherical triangle is one of the Schwarz triangles (with parameters 3/2, 3/2, 3/2), triangles bounded by great-circle arcs on the surface of a sphere that can tile the sphere by reflection.
Frank Warren Snepp, III (born May 3, 1943) is a journalist and former chief analyst of North Vietnamese strategy for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Saigon during the Vietnam War.
For five out of his eight years as a CIA officer, he worked as interrogator, agent debriefer, and chief strategy analyst in the United States Embassy, Saigon; he was awarded the Intelligence Medal of Merit for his work.
He was one of the first whistle blowers who revealed the inner workings, secrets and failures of the national security services in the 1970s.
As a result of a loss in a 1980 court case brought by the CIA, all of Snepp's publications require prior approval by the CIA.
Snepp was recruited to the CIA in 1968, by the Associate Dean of the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, Philip Mosely.
Here Snepp worked as an analyst and counter-intelligence officer, coordinating agent networks and interrogation of captured enemy forces as well as preparing strategic estimates regarding the enemy.
Snepp was on hand for the Fall of Saigon and was one of the last Americans to leave the US Embassy, Saigon before the city fell to the North Vietnamese on April 30, 1975.
On his return to the US Snepp was awarded the Intelligence Medal of Merit in December 1975, but he resigned from the Agency in January 1976, upset at its refusal to rescue Vietnamese left behind in the pull-out, and its refusal to acknowledge mistakes made.
After the book was published, CIA Director Stansfield Turner pushed for Snepp to be sued and, despite the objections of some Department of Justice officials, Turner prevailed.
Since publication of the book could not be stopped under the constitutional law forbidding prior restraint of the press, the CIA sued Snepp for breach of contract.
Snepp was accused of violating the non-disclosure agreement he had signed when he joined the agency that forbade publication of any material about CIA operations without the prior consent of the agency.
Ironically, President Jimmy Carter permitted the lawsuit against Snepp at the same time he had proposed the creation of a special unit to provide protection for civil service whistle blowers.
He won a Peabody Award in 2006 as producer on an investigation for KNBC-TV-Los Angeles of a Los Angeles housing development sited on a toxic landfill.
In geometry, Barbier's theorem states that every curve of constant width has perimeter π times its width, regardless of its precise shape.
Alternatively, the theorem follows immediately from the Crofton formula in integral geometry according to which the length of any curve equals the measure of the set of lines that cross the curve, multiplied by their numbers of crossings.
Any two curves that have the same constant width are crossed by sets of lines with the same measure, and therefore they have the same length.
In particular, the unit sphere has surface area formula_1, while the surface of revolution of a Reuleaux triangle with the same constant width has surface area formula_2.
Robert Kelly Thomas (born February 14, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician, best known as the lead singer of rock band Matchbox Twenty.
He has been a songwriter for such artists as Willie Nelson, Mick Jagger, Marc Anthony, Pat Green, Taylor Hicks, Travis Tritt and Daughtry.
In 2004, the Songwriters Hall of Fame awarded Thomas its first Hal David Starlight Award, recognizing young songwriters who have already had a lasting influence in the music industry.
Thomas was born on February 14, 1972 in Landstuhl, West Germany at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center to Bill Thomas, a United States Army sergeant, and his wife Mamie (1951—2007) Thomas has an older half sister, Melissa, from his mother's previous marriage.
Thomas and his mother and sister moved to Sarasota, Florida, when he was 10, then settled in the Orlando area the following year.
He also acquired a guitar with no strings, which he used as a prop while he pretended he was in a rock band.
Thomas, Yale, and Doucette were still interested in working together, and Serletic introduced them to rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor and lead guitarist Kyle Cook; together, they formed a new band, Matchbox 20.
Thomas had never worked on a song that he didn't intend to perform, and he was interested in the opportunity to try something new.
Thomas was not aware that it was going to be released as a single until he heard it on the radio.
After flirting with the idea of allowing other band members to provide songs, they chose to record only songs that Thomas had written or co-written.
Instead of providing vocals, Thomas wrote two songs for the album, which were recorded by Seal and Musiq Thomas provided songs to other artists as well.
In June 2004, the Songwriters Hall of Fame gave Thomas the inaugural Hal David Starlight Award, which recognizes a young songwriter who has made an outsized impression on the industry.
Featuring three new songs, the EP was released to iTunes on March 30, 2010, and all other digital retailers April 6, 2010.
He gathered in Nashville, TN with his bandmates to narrow down the work he had already done and develop new material.
The tour for Thomas' album included holographic representations of Thomas produced with vntana technology so that fans could pose for photos with him during the concert.
Although he does play some Matchbox Twenty songs during his solo tours, they are always reimagined, often as an acoustic version.
Each of his songs can stand alone without special effects; Thomas wants his listeners to feel the message of a song even if he is just playing it by himself on an acoustic guitar.
Thomas and his wife have established the P Sidewalk Angels Foundation, a non-profit organization created to help needy people in and around America's big cities by partnering with various charities to assist people who cannot afford medical care, and animals that have been abandoned or abused.
In many areas, wood is the most easily available form of fuel, requiring no tools in the case of picking up dead wood, or few tools, although as in any industry, specialized tools, such as skidders and hydraulic wood splitters, have been developed to mechanize production.
The discovery of how to make fire for the purpose of burning wood is regarded as one of humanity's most important advances.
The use of wood as a fuel source for heating is much older than civilization and is assumed to have been used by Neanderthals.
Wood fuel can be used for cooking and heating, and occasionally for fueling steam engines and steam turbines that generate electricity.
Fires were constructed on the ground, and a smoke hole in the top of the tent allowed the smoke to escape by convection.
In permanent structures and in caves, hearths were constructed or established—surfaces of stone or another noncombustible material upon which a fire could be built.
In contrast to civilizations in relatively arid regions (such as Mesopotamia and Egypt), the Greeks, Romans, Celts, Britons, and Gauls all had access to forests suitable for using as fuel.
Over the centuries there was a partial deforestation of climax forests and the evolution of the remainder to coppice with standards woodland as the primary source of wood fuel.
As with most of Europe, these managed woodlands continued to supply their markets right up to the end of World War Two.
Total demand for fuel increased considerably with the industrial revolution but most of this increased demand was met by the new fuel source coal, which was more compact and more suited to the larger scale of the new industries.
During the Edo period of Japan, wood was used for many purposes, and the consumption of wood led Japan to develop a forest management policy during that era.
Demand for timber resources was on the rise not only for fuel, but also for construction of ships and buildings, and consequently deforestation was widespread.
Masonry heaters or stoves went a step further by capturing much of the heat of the fire and exhaust in a large thermal mass, becoming much more efficient than a fireplace alone.
Stoves were manufactured or constructed pieces of equipment that contained the fire on all sides and provided a means for controlling the draft—the amount of air allowed to reach the fire.
Metal stoves are often lined with refractory materials such as firebrick, since the hottest part of a woodburning fire will burn away steel over the course of several years' use.
More a manufactured fireplace than a stove, it had an open front and a heat exchanger in the back that was designed to draw air from the cellar and heat it before releasing it out the sides.
Each local foundry would make their own design, and stoves were built for myriads of purposes—parlour stoves, box stoves, camp stoves, railroad stoves, portable stoves, cooking stoves and so on.
The action of the fire, combined with the causticity of the ash, ensured that the stove would eventually disintegrate or crack over time.
The maintenance of stoves, needing to be blacked, their smokiness, and the need to split wood meant that oil or electric heat found favour.
The airtight stove, originally made of steel, allowed greater control of combustion, being more tightly fitted than other stoves of the day.
Wood heat was gradually replaced by coal and later by fuel oil, natural gas and propane heating except in rural areas with available forests.
A brief resurgence in popularity occurred during and after the 1973 energy crisis, when some believed that fossil fuels would become so expensive as to preclude their use.
Notable innovations from that era include the Ashley heater, a thermostatically controlled stove with an optional perforated steel enclosure that prevented accidental contact with hot surfaces.
The decade also saw a number of dual-fuel furnaces and boilers made, which utilized ductwork and piping to deliver heat throughout a house or other building.
The growth in popularity of wood heat also led to the development and marketing of a greater variety of equipment for cutting, splitting and processing firewood.
In 1987 the US Department of Agriculture published a method for producing kiln dried firewood, on the basis that better heat output and increased combustion efficiency can be achieved with logs containing lower moisture content.
For serious attempts at heating, rather than mere ambience (open fireplaces), stoves, fireplace inserts, and furnaces are most commonly used today.
They are installed outdoors, some distance from the house, and connected to a heat exchanger in the house using underground piping.
The boilers are large enough to hold a fire all night, and can burn larger pieces of wood, so that less cutting and splitting is required.
This is due to design characteristics such as the water-filled jacket surrounding the firebox, which acts to cool the fire and leads to incomplete combustion.
Outdoor wood boilers also typically have short stack heights in comparison to other wood-burning appliances, contributing to ambient levels of particulates at ground level.
An alternative that is increasing in popularity are wood gasification boilers, which burn wood at very high efficiencies (85-91%) and can be placed indoors or in an outbuilding.
As a sustainable energy source, wood fuel also remains viable for generating electricity in areas with easy access to forest products and by-products.
In the United States and Canada, firewood is usually sold by the cord, 128 ft³ (3.62 m³), corresponding to a woodpile 8 ft wide × 4 ft high of 4 ft-long logs.
In another state, or even another area of the same state, the volume of a face cord may be considerably different.
Hence, it is risky to buy wood sold in this manner, as the transaction is not based on a legally enforceable unit of measure.
In Australia, it is normally sold by the tonne but is commonly advertised as sold by the barrowload (wheelbarrow), bucket (1/3 of a m3 bucket of a typical skid-steer), ute-load or bag (roughly 15-20kg).
A common hardwood, red oak, has an energy content (heat value) of 14.9 megajoules per kilogram (6,388 BTU per pound), and 10.4 megajoules recoverable if burned at 70% efficiency.
The Sustainable Energy Development Office (SEDO), part of the Government of Western Australia states that the energy content of wood is 16.2 megajoules per kilogram (4.5 kWh/kg).
As with any fire, burning wood fuel creates numerous by-products, some of which may be useful (heat and steam), and others that are undesirable, irritating or dangerous.
One by-product of wood burning is wood ash, which in moderate amounts is a fertilizer (mainly potash), contributing minerals, but is strongly alkaline as it contains potassium hydroxide (lye).
Smoke, containing water vapor, carbon dioxide and other chemicals and aerosol particulates, including caustic alkali fly ash, which can be an irritating (and potentially dangerous) by-product of partially burnt wood fuel.
A major component of wood smoke is fine particles that may account for a large portion of particulate air pollution in some regions.
An alternative approach is to use pyrolysis to produce several useful biochemical byproducts, and clean burning charcoal, or to burn fuel extremely quickly inside a large thermal mass, such as a masonry heater.
This has the effect of allowing the fuel to burn completely without producing particulates while maintaining the efficiency of the system.
In some of the most efficient burners, the temperature of the smoke is raised to a much higher temperature where the smoke will itself burn (e.g.
Depending on population density, topography, climatic conditions and combustion equipment used, wood heating may substantially contribute to air pollution, particularly particulates.
The fossil energy consumed in transport is reduced and represents a small fraction of the fossil fuel consumed in producing and distributing heating oil or gas.
Generally, the heartwood of a tree contains the highest amounts of toxic substances, but precautions should be taken if one is burning wood of an unknown nature, since some trees' woodsmoke can be highly toxic.
Plantation wood is rarely used for firewood, as it is more valuable as timber or wood pulp, however, some wood fuel is gathered from trees planted amongst crops, also known as agroforestry.
However, in many countries, for example in Europe and Canada, the forest residues are being collected and turned into useful wood fuels with minimal impact on the environment.
Thus, longer pieces - requiring less manual labor, and less chainsaw fuel - are less expensive and only limited by the size of their firebox.
The shortage of suitable firewood in some places has seen local populations damaging huge tracts of bush possibly leading to further desertification.
Wood burning creates more atmospheric CO than biodegradation of wood in a forest (in a given period of time) because by the time the bark of a dead tree has rotted, the log has already been occupied by other plants and micro-organisms which continue to sequester the CO by integrating the hydrocarbons of the wood into their own life cycle.
Inefficient and incomplete combustion of wood can result in elevated levels of greenhouse gases other than CO, which may result in positive emissions where the byproducts have greater Carbon dioxide equivalent values.
In an attempt to provide quantitative information about the relative output of CO to produce electricity of domestic heating, the United Kingdom Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has published a comprehensive model comparing the burning of wood (wood chip) and other fuels, based on 33 scenarios.
Scenario 33 for example, which concerns the production of heat from wood chips produced from UK small roundwood produced from bringing neglected broadleaf forests back into production, shows that burning oil releases 377 kg of CO while burning woodchip releases 1501 kg of CO per MW h delivered energy.
On the other hand, scenario 32 in that same reference, which concerns production of heat from wood chips that would otherwise be made into particleboard, releases only 239 kg of CO per MW h delivered energy.
The intentional and controlled charring of wood and its incorporation into the soil is an effective method for carbon sequestration as well as an important technique to improve soil conditions for agriculture, particularly in heavily forested regions.
Wood burning advocates claim that properly harvested wood is carbon-neutral, therefore off-setting the negative impact of by-product particles given off during the burning process.
In the context of forest wildfires, wood removed from the forest setting for use as wood fuel can reduce overall emissions by decreasing the quantity of open burned wood and the severity of the burn while combusting the remaining material under regulated conditions.
In Finland, there is a growing interest in using wood waste as fuel for home and industrial heating, in the form of compacted pellets.
As of 1995, approximately 1.85 million cubic metres of firewood (1m³ equals approximately one car trailer load) was used in Victoria annually, with half being consumed in Melbourne.
In 2014, the construction of the biggest pellet plant in the Baltic region was started in Võrumaa, Sõmerpalu, with an expected output of 110,000 tons of pellet / year.
In Denmark and Sweden, pellets are used by power plants, households and medium scale consumers for district heating, compared to Austria and Italy, where pellets are mainly used as small - scale private residential and industrial boilers for heating.
The UK is the single largest consuming market for industrial wood pellets, in large part due to its major biomass-fueled power stations such as Drax, MGT and Lynemouth.
Japan and South Korea are both growing markets for industrial wood pellets, and as of 2017, were expected to become the second and third largest global markets for wood pellets due to government policies favoring the use of biomass in power generation.
Canada was not a major consumer of industrial wood pellets as of 2017, but has relatively aggressive de-carbonization policies and may become a significant consumer of industrial wood pellets by the 2020s.
It is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara, and the second largest metropolitan area on the Aegean Sea after Athens, Greece.
İzmir's metropolitan area extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River delta; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south.
In classical antiquity the city was known as Smyrna ( ), a name which remained in use in English and other Western foreign languages until circa 1930.
Smyrna has more than 3,000 years of recorded urban history, and up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period.
Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation, midway along the western Anatolian coast, it has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history.
İzmir has more than 3000 years of recorded urban history and up to 8500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period.
Set in an advantageous location at the head of a gulf in a deep indentation midway along the western Anatolian coast, the city has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history.
Modern İzmir also incorporates the nearby ancient cities of Ephesus, Pergamon, Sardis and Klazomenai, and centers of international tourism such as Kuşadası, Çeşme, Mordoğan and Foça.
When the Ottomans took over İzmir in the 15th century, they did not inherit compelling historical memories, unlike the two other key points of the trade network, namely Istanbul and Aleppo.
The emergence of İzmir as a major international port by the 17th century was largely a result of the attraction it exercised over foreigners, and the city's European orientation.
Izmir's port is Turkey's primary port for exports in terms of the freight handled and its free zone, a Turkish-U.S. joint-venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty in Turkey.
The workforce, and particularly its rising class of young professionals, is concentrated either in the city or in its immediate vicinity (such as in Manisa and Turgutlu), and as either larger companies or SMEs, affirm their names with an increasingly wider global scale and intensity.
In March 2008, İzmir submitted its bid to the BIE for hosting the Universal Expo 2015, but it was won by Milan, Italy.
The region of İzmir was situated on the southern fringes of the Yortan culture in Anatolia's prehistory, knowledge of which is almost entirely drawn from its cemeteries.
In the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, it was in the western end of the extension of the still largely obscure Arzawa Kingdom, an offshoot and usually a dependency of the Hittites, who themselves spread their direct rule as far as the coast during their Great Kingdom.
Some would see in the city's name a reference to the name of an Amazon called Smyrna said to have seduced Theseus, leading him to name the city in her honor.
The 2004 discovery of Yeşilova Höyük and the neighboring Yassıtepe, in the small delta of Meles River, now the Bornova plain, reset the starting date of the city's past further back than previously thought.
Findings from two seasons of excavations carried out in the Yeşilova Höyük by a team of archaeologists from İzmir's Ege University indicate three levels, two of which are prehistoric.
These two levels would have been inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the area, very roughly, between 7th millennium BC to 4th millennium BC.
The first settlement to have commanded the Gulf of İzmir as a whole was established on top of Mount Yamanlar, to the northeast of the inner gulf.
Archaeological findings of the late Bronze Age show a certain decree of Mycenaean influence in the settlement and the surrounding region, though further excavations of Bronze Age layers are needed to propose Old Smyrna of that time as a Mycenaean settlement.
The walls of this well-preserved house (), consisting of one small room typical of the Iron Age, were made of sun-dried bricks and the roof of the house was made of reeds.
Known to be the oldest house having so many rooms under its roof, it was built in the second half of the 7th century BC.
Smyrna was built on the Hippodamian system, in which streets run north-south and east-west and intersect at right angles, in a pattern familiar in the Near East but the earliest example in a western city.
Combined with written evidence, it is generally admitted that Smyrna and Chios put forth the strongest arguments in claiming Homer and the main belief is that he was born in Ionia.
A River Meles, still bearing the same name, is located within the city limits, although associations with the Homeric river is subject to controversy.
About a thousand people lived inside the city walls, with others living in nearby villages, where fields, olive trees, vineyards, and the workshops of potters and stonecutters were located.
The most important sanctuary of Old Smyrna was the Temple of Athena, which dates back to 640–580 BC and is partially restored today.
The city eventually became one of the twelve Ionian cities and was well on its way to becoming a foremost cultural and commercial center in the Mediterranean basin of that period, reaching its peak between 650–545 BC.
The army of Lydia's Mermnad dynasty conquered the city some time around 610–600 BC and is reported to have burned and destroyed parts of the city, although recent analyses on the remains in Bayraklı demonstrate that the temple has been in continuous use or was very quickly repaired under Lydian rule.
Soon afterwards, an invasion from outside Anatolia by the Persian Empire effectively ended Old Smyrna's history as an urban center of note.
Therefore, the slopes of Mount Pagos (Kadifekale) was chosen for the foundation of the new city, for which Alexander is credited, and this act lay the ground for a resurgence in the city's population.
In 133 BC, Eumenes III, the last king of the Attalid dynasty of Pergamum, was about to die without an heir.
The city thus came under Roman rule as a civil diocese within the Province of Asia and enjoyed a new period of prosperity.
The city kept its status as a notable religious center in the early Byzantine period, but never returned to the Roman levels of prosperity.
The Turks first captured Smyrna under the Seljuk commander Çaka Bey in 1076, along with Klazomenai, Foça and a number of the Aegean Islands.
The port city was then captured by the Knights of St John when Constantinople was conquered by the Crusaders during the Fourth Crusade in 1204, but the Nicaean Empire would reclaim possession of the city soon afterwards, albeit by according vast concessions to their Genoese allies who kept one of the city's castles.
In 1344, a coalition of forces coordinated by Pope Clement VI took back the lower castle in a surprise attack in the Smyrniote crusades.
A sixty-year period of uneasy cohabitation between the two powers, the Turks holding the upper castle and the Knights the lower, followed Umur Bey's death.
The upper city of İzmir was captured from its Aydinid rulers by the Ottomans for the first time in 1389 during the reign of Bayezid I, who led his armies toward the five Western Anatolian Beyliks in the winter of the same year he had come to the throne.
In 1402, however, Timur (Tamerlane) won the Battle of Ankara against the Ottomans, putting a serious check on the Ottoman state for the two following decades and handing back the territories of most of the Beyliks to their former ruling dynasties.
Timur attacked and destroyed Smyrna and was responsible for the massacre of most of the Christian population, which constituted the vast majority in Smyrna.
With the death of the last bey of Aydın, İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey, in 1426 the city passed fully under Ottoman control.
During the campaigns against Cüneyd, the Ottomans were assisted by the forces of the Knights Hospitaller who pressed the Sultan to return the port castle to them.
However, the sultan refused to make this concession, despite the resulting tensions between the two camps, and he gave the Hospitallers permission to build a castle (the present-day Bodrum Castle) in Petronium (Bodrum) instead.
In the 15th century, two notable events for the city were a surprise Venetian raid in 1475 and the arrival of Sephardic Jews from Spain after 1492; they later made İzmir one of their principal urban centers in Ottoman lands.
İzmir may have been a rather sparsely populated place in the 15th and 16th centuries, as indicated by the first extant Ottoman records describing the town and dating from 1528.
There were five urban wards, one of these situated in the immediate vicinity of the port, rather active despite the town's small size and where the non-Muslim population was concentrated.
İzmir's remarkable growth began in the late 16th century when cotton and other products of the region brought French, English, Dutch and Venetian traders here.
Foreign consulates moved from Chios to the city by the early 17th century (1619 for the French Consulate, 1621 for the British), serving as trade centers for their nations.
The long campaign for the conquest of Crete (22 years between 1648 and 1669) also considerably enhanced İzmir's position within the Ottoman realm since the city served as a port of dispatch and supply for the troops.
Despite facing a plague in 1676, an earthquake in 1688 and a great fire in 1743, the city continued to grow.
By the end of the 17th century, the population was estimated at around ninety thousand, the Turks forming the majority (about 60,000); there were also 15,000 Greeks, 8,000 Armenians and 6,000 to 7,000 Jews, as well as a considerable section made up of French, English, Dutch and Italian merchants.
In the meantime, the Ottomans had allowed İzmir's inner bay dominated by the port castle to silt up progressively (the location of the present-day Kemeraltı bazaar zone) and the port castle ceased to be of use.
Later, in 1797 a riot resulting from the indiscipline of janissaries corps led to massive destruction of the Frankish merchant community and the killing of 1,500 members of the city's Greek community.
A İzmir-Aydın railway was started in 1856 and finished in 1867, a year later than the Smyrna-Cassaba Railway, itself started in 1863.
The wide arc of the Smyrna-Cassaba line advancing in a wide arc to the north-west from İzmir, through the Karşıyaka suburb, contributed greatly to the development of the northern shores as urban areas.
These new developments, typical of the industrial age and the way the city attracted merchants and middlemen gradually changed the demographic structure of the city, its culture and its Ottoman character.
In 1867, İzmir finally became the center of its own vilayet, still called by neighboring Aydın's name but with its own administrative area covering a large part of Turkey's present-day Aegean Region.
In the late 19th century, the port was threatened by a build-up of silt in the gulf and an initiative, unique in the history of the Ottoman Empire, was undertaken in 1886.
In order to redirect the silt, the bed of the Gediz River was redirected to its present-day northern course, so that it no longer flowed into the gulf.
The beginning of the 20th century saw İzmir take on the look of a global metropolis with a cosmopolitan city center.
According to the 1893 Ottoman census, more than half of the population was Turkish, with 133,800 Greeks, 9,200 Armenians, 17,200 Jews, and 54,600 foreign nationals.
According to author Katherine Flemming, by 1919, Smyrna's 150,000 Greeks made up just under half of the population, outnumbering the Turks in the city two to one, while the American Consul General, George Horton, records 165,000 Turks, 150,000 Greeks, 25,000 Jews, 25,000 Armenians, and 20,000 foreigners (Italians, French, British, Americans).
According to Henry Morgenthau and Trudy Ring, before World War I, the Greeks alone numbered 130,000, out of a total population of 250,000.
Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the victors had, for a time, intended to carve up large parts of Anatolia into respective zones of influence and offered the western regions of Turkey to Greece under the Treaty of Sèvres.
On 15 May 1919, the Greek Army landed in Smyrna, but the Greek expedition towards central Anatolia was disastrous for both that country and for the local Greeks of Anatolia.
By September 1922 the Greek army had been defeated and was in full retreat, the last Greek soldiers leaving Smyrna on 8 September 1922.
Estimated Greek and Armenians deaths resulting from the fire range from 10,000 to 100,000 Approximately 50,000 to 400,000 Greek and Armenian refugees crammed the waterfront to escape from the fire and were forced to remain there under harsh conditions for nearly two weeks.
The systematic evacuation of Greeks on the quay started on 24 September when the first Greek ships entered the harbor under the supervision of Allied destroyers.
The remaining Greeks left for Greece in 1923, as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, a stipulation of the Treaty of Lausanne, which formally ended the Greco-Turkish War.
The war, and especially the events that took place in İzmir, such as the fire, probably the greatest disaster the city has ever experienced, continue to influence the psyches of the two nations to this day.
The Greeks, on the other hand, have cited the numerous atrocities committed by the Turkish soldiers against the Greeks and Armenians (locals or hinterland refugees) in İzmir.
These include the lynching of the Orthodox Metropolitan Chrysostomos following the recapture of the city on 9 September 1922 and the slaughter of Armenian and Greek males, who were then sent to the so-called labour battalions.
The period after the 1960s and the 1970s saw another blow to the fabric of İzmir, when local administrations tended to neglect İzmir's traditional values and landmarks.
Some administrators were not always in tune with the central government in Ankara and regularly fell short of government subsidies, and the city absorbed huge waves of immigration from inland Anatolia, causing a population explosion.
Today, it is not surprising that many inhabitants of İzmir (similar to residents of other prominent Turkish cities) look back with nostalgia to a cozier, more manageable city, which came to an end in the last few decades.
The north-western corridor extending to Aliağa brings together both mass housing projects, including villa-type projects and intensive industrial area, including an oil refinery.
In the southern corridor towards Gaziemir yet another important growth trend is observed, contributed to by the Aegean Free Zone, light industry, the airport and mass housing projects.
The presence of the Tahtalı Dam, built to provide drinking water, and its protected zone did not check urban spread here, which has offshoots in cooperatives outside the metropolitan area as far south as the Ayrancılar–Torbalı axis.
To the east and the north-east, urban development ends near the natural barriers constituted respectively by the Belkahve (Mount Nif) and Sabuncubeli (Mount Yamanlar-Mount Sipylus) passes.
But the settlements both above Bornova, inside the metropolitan zone, and around Kemalpaşa and Ulucak, outside the metropolitan zone, see mass housing and secondary residences development.
More recently, the metropolitan area displays growth, especially along the western corridor, encouraged by the Çeşme motorway and extending to districts outside the city of İzmir proper, such as Seferihisar and Urla.
The population of the city is predominantly Muslim, but it was predominantly non-Muslim up to the earlier quarter of the 20th century.
The Levantines of İzmir, who are mostly of Genoese and to a lesser degree of French and Venetian descent, live mainly in the districts of Bornova and Buca.
One of the most prominent present-day figures of the community is Caroline Giraud Koç, wife of the renowned Turkish industrialist Mustafa Koç, whose company, Koç Holding, is one of the largest family-owned industrial conglomerates in the world.
İzmir once had a large Greek and Armenian community, but after the end of the Greco-Turkish War, many of the Christians remaining in the city were transferred to Greece under the terms of the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
İzmir has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), which is characterized by long, hot, and dry summers, and mild to cool, rainy winters.
The total precipitation for İzmir averages per year; however, the vast majority of the city's rainfall occurs from November through March.
Although it is rare, snow can fall in İzmir from December to February over a period of hours rather than a whole day or more, with a record of of snowfall recorded on January 31, 1945.
During summer, the air temperature can climb as high as from June to September; however, the high temperatures are usually between .
Standing on Mount Yamanlar, the tomb of Tantalus was excavated by Charles Texier in 1835 and is an example of the historic traces in the region prior to the Hellenistic Age, along with those found in nearby Kemalpaşa and Mount Sipylus.
The Agora of Smyrna is well preserved, and is arranged into the Agora Open Air Museum of İzmir, although important parts buried under modern buildings wait to be brought to light.
Serious consideration is also being given to uncovering the ancient theatre of Smyrna where St. Polycarp was martyred, buried under an urban zone on the slopes of Kadifekale.
One of the more pronounced elements of İzmir's harbor is the Clock Tower, a marble tower in the middle of the Konak district, standing in height.
It was designed by Levantine French architect Raymond Charles Père in 1901 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the ascension of Abdülhamid II to the Ottoman throne in 1876.
The tower features four fountains placed around the base in a circular pattern, and the columns are inspired by North African themes.
Sancakkale is situated in the present-day İnciraltı quarter between the Balçova and Narlıdere districts, on the southern shore of the Gulf of İzmir.
It is at a key point where the strait allows entry into the innermost tip of the Gulf at its narrowest, and due to shallow waters through a large part of this strait, ships have sailed close to the castle.
A large open-air zoo was established in the same district of Çiğli in 2008 under the name Sasalı Park of Natural Life.
The fair and the festival are held in the compound of İzmir's vast inner city park named Kültürpark in the first days of September, and organized by İZFAŞ, a depending company of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality.
The İzmir European Jazz Festival is among the numerous events organized every year by the İKSEV (İzmir Foundation for Culture, Arts and Education) since 1994.
The festival aims to bring together masters and lovers of jazz with the aim to generate feelings of love, friendship and peace.
The International İzmir Short Film Festival is organized since 1999 and is a member of the European Coordination of Film Festivals.
İzmir Metropolitan Municipality has built the Ahmet Adnan Saygun Art Center on a 21,000 m land plot in the Güzelyalı district, in order to contribute to the city's culture and art life.
İzmir's cuisine has largely been affected by its multicultural history, hence the large variety of food originating from the Aegean and Mediterranean regions.
There is considerable culinary usage of green leaf vegetables and wild plants amongst the residents, especially those with insular heritage, such as the immigrants from Crete.
Kumru is a special kind of sandwich that is associated particularly with the Çeşme district and features cheese and tomato in its basics, with sucuk also added sometimes.
The 51,295 capacity (all-seater) İzmir Atatürk Stadium regularly hosts, apart from Turkish Super League games of İzmir-based teams, many other Super League and Turkish Cup derby matches.
Göztepe made sports history in Turkey by having played the semi-finals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in the 1968–69 season, and the quarter finals of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in the 1969–70 season; becoming the first ever Turkish football club to play a semi-final game in Europe and the only one for two decades.
Altay and Göztepe have won the Turkish Cup twice for İzmir and all of İzmir's teams periodically jumped in and out of Süper Lig.
Historically, İzmir is also the birthplace of two Greek sports clubs, namely the multi-sport club Panionios and association football club Apollon Smyrni F.C.
Karşıyaka's basketball department Karşıyaka Basket won the Turkish Basketball League twice (in the 1986–87 and 2014–15 seasons), the Turkish Cup once (in the 2013–14 season) and the Presidential Cup twice (in 1987 and 2014).
The 10,000 capacity (all-seater) Halkapınar Sports Hall is currently İzmir's largest indoor sports arena and was among the venues of the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey.
Arkas Spor is a successful volleyball club in the city, having won the Turkish Men's Volleyball League and the Turkish Cup several times, and the CEV Challenge Cup in the 2008–09 season.
Already at the dawn of its history, notable natives such as the son of its first port's founder Pelops had attained fame and kingdom with a chariot race and Onomastus is one of history's first recorded sportspeople, having won the boxing contest in the Olympiad of 688 BC.
Two other notable football figures from İzmir are Alpay Özalan and Mustafa Denizli, the first having played for Aston Villa F.C.
The current Mayor of the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality is Aziz Kocaoğlu from the Republican People's Party (CHP), in office since 2004.
His predecessor, the previous mayor Ahmet Piriştina (CHP) was first elected in 1999, but died of a heart attack in 2004.
İzmir has traditionally been a stronghold for the CHP, the centre-left Kemalist political party which forms the main opposition in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
Being the third largest city in Turkey, İzmir is viewed as the CHP's most prized electoral stronghold, since the party has a more limited support base in both İstanbul and Ankara.
Since the right-wing Justice and Development Party (AKP) gained power in 2002, the electorate of İzmir has been notable for voting strongly in favour of the CHP in every general and local election.
Almost all of the city's districts have returned strong pluralities or majorities for the CHP in past elections, although the party lost ground in the 2014 local elections.
Due to the economic and historical importance of the city, İzmir has long been a strategic electoral target for the AKP, since beating the CHP in their most significant stronghold would be politically substantial.
The majority of the citizens in İzmir have continued to vote for the centre-left political parties (in particular the CHP), despite large-scale pledges by the AKP promising investment and new infrastructure.
The province is split into two electoral districts which roughly divide the city into a northern and southern district, each electing 13 MPs.
Izmir has its own local media companies: there are 9 TV channels headquartered in İzmir and broadcasting in the Aegean Region, 26 local radio stations and 15 local newspapers.
Turkey has consists of a mix of public and private health system, also Turkey has Universal health care insurance system (SGK) which residents registered with a T.C.
One of the largest hospitals in the Aegean Region is currently under construction in the Bayraklı district of İzmir, with a reported cost of 780 million Euros.
Trade through the city's port had a determinant importance for the economy of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 19th century and the economic foundations of the early decades of Turkey's Republican era were also laid here in İzmir Economic Congress.
Presently, İzmir area's economy is divided in value between various types of activity as follows: 30.5% for industry, 22.9% for trade and related services, 13.5% for transportation and communication and 7.8% for agriculture.
In 2008, İzmir provided 10.5% of all tax revenues collected by Turkey and its exports corresponded to 6% and its imports 4% of Turkey's foreign trade.
85–90% of the region's exports and approximately one fifth of all Turkish exports are made through the Port of Alsancak with an annual container loading capacity of close to a million.
The city is also home to well-rooted higher-education establishments that are renowned across Turkey, such as the established in 1854, and the American Collegiate Institute (ACI) which was established in 1878.
Historically, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the city was an educational center of the Greek world, with a total of 67 male and 4 female schools.
İzmir is served by domestic and international flights through the Adnan Menderes International Airport and by modern rapid transit systems serving the entirety of İzmir's metropolitan area.
The city has attracted investors through its strategic location and its relatively new and highly developed technological infrastructure in transportation, telecommunications, and energy.
Bus companies' shuttle services pick up customers from each of their branch offices scattered across the city at regular intervals, often free of charge.
To facilitate easier access, a Halkapınar—Otogar metro line has long been deliberated but construction has never begun – though throughout his campaign and upon his election as mayor of İzmir in 2019, Tunç Soyer has outlined it as one of his priorities.
The Turkish State Railways operates regional service to Ödemiş, Tire, Selçuk, Aydın, Söke, Nazilli, Denizli and Uşak, as well as longer-distance intercity service to Ankara, Afyon and Bandırma (and from there to İstanbul via İDO connection).
A body known as UKOME gives strategic direction to the Metro, the ESHOT bus division, ferry operations, utilities and road developments.
The İzmirim Kart allows for the use of multiple forms of transport within a 90-minute window, combining for a single fare price.
Taken over by İzmir Metropolitan Municipality since 2000 and operated within the structure of their private subsidiary company (İzdeniz), İzmir's urban ferry services for passengers and vehicles are very much a part of the life of the city's inhabitants.
Special lines to points further out in the gulf are also put in service during summer, transporting excursion or holiday makers.
These services are cheap and it is not unusual to see natives or visitors taking a ferry ride simply as a pastime.
İZBAN began operations in 2010 and currently operates a long system with 40 stations, consisting of two lines: the Southern Line and the Northern Line.
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in İzmir, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 62 min, and 13% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day.
The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 15 min, while 27% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day.
The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 10.4 km, while 22% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.
Gunfire, bullet wounds, rain, wind, fire, and explosions can all be produced on a movie set by someone skilled in practical effects.
Non-human characters and creatures produced with make-up, prosthetics, masks, and puppets – in contrast to computer-generated images – are also examples of practical effects.
It is controlled by the Football Association of Wales (FAW), the governing body for football in Wales and the third-oldest national football association in the world.
Although part of the United Kingdom, Wales has always had a representative side that plays in major professional tournaments, though not in the Olympic Games, as the International Olympic Committee has always recognised United Kingdom representative sides.
They reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2016 and have qualified for UEFA Euro 2020, and also progressed through UEFA Euro 1976 qualifying to the quarter-finals, though this was played on a two-legged, home-and-away basis and not considered part of the finals tournament.
At all levels, including the youth teams, the Welsh national team draws players primarily from clubs in the English football league system.
The main professional Welsh clubs play in the English leagues, with some full-time and part-time professional clubs playing in the Welsh football league system.
Wales played its first competitive match on 25 March 1876 against Scotland in Glasgow, making it the third oldest international football team in the world.
Although the Scots won the first fixture 4–0, a return match was planned in Wales the following year, and so it was that the first international football match on Welsh soil took place at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham, on 5 March 1877.
Wales' first match against England came in 1879, a 2–1 defeat at the Kennington Oval, London, and in 1882, Wales faced Ireland for the first time, winning 7–1 in Wrexham.
The associations of the four Home Nations met at the International Football Conference in Manchester on 6 December 1882 to set down a set of worldwide rules.
This meeting saw the establishment of the International Football Association Board (IFAB) to approve changes to the rules, a task the four associations still perform to this day.
The 1883–84 season saw the formation of the British Home Championship, a tournament which was played annually between England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, until 1983–84.
The FAW became members of FIFA, world football's governing body, in 1910, but the relationship between FIFA and the British associations was fraught and the British nations withdrew from FIFA in 1928 in a dispute over payments to amateur players.
In 1932, Wales played host to the Republic of Ireland, the first time they played against a side from outside the four home nations.
One year later, Wales played a match outside the United Kingdom for the first time when they travelled to Paris to play France national football team in a match drawn 1–1.
After World War II, Wales, along with the other three home nations, rejoined FIFA in 1946 and took part in the qualifying rounds for the 1950 World Cup, the 1949–50 Home Championships being designated as a qualifying group.
The 1950s were a golden age for Welsh football with stars such as Ivor Allchurch, Cliff Jones, Alf Sherwood, Jack Kelsey, Trevor Ford, Ronnie Burgess, Terry Medwin and John Charles.
Having finished second to Czechoslovakia in qualifying Group 4, the golden generation of Welsh football managed by Jimmy Murphy seemed to have missed out on qualification, but the politics of the Middle East subsequently intervened.
In the Asian/African qualifying zone, Egypt and Sudan had refused to play against Israel following the Suez crisis, while Indonesia had insisted on meeting Israel on neutral ground.
However, FIFA did not want a team to qualify for the World Cup finals without actually playing a match, and so lots were drawn of all the second-placed teams in UEFA.
Belgium were drawn out first but refused to participate, and so then Wales was drawn out and awarded a two-legged play-off match against Israel with a place in Sweden for the winners.
Having defeated Israel 2–0 at the Ramat Gan Stadium and 2–0 at Ninian Park, Cardiff, Wales went through to a World Cup finals tournament for the first time.
The strong Welsh squad made their mark in Sweden, drawing all the matches in their group against Hungary, Mexico and Sweden before defeating Hungary in a play-off match to reach the quarter-finals against Brazil.
However, Wales' chances of victory against Brazil were hampered by an injury to John Charles that ruled him out of the match.
Wales failed to qualify for the first four finals tournaments of the UEFA European Championship from its inception in 1960; in 1976, the team – managed by Mike Smith – reached the quarter-finals of the competition, having finished top of qualifying Group 2 ahead of Hungary, Austria and Luxembourg, but this was not considered part of the finals.
Prior to 1980, only four countries qualified for the finals tournament, and Wales were drawn to play against the winners of Group 3 – Yugoslavia – in a two-legged, home-and-away tie.
Wales lost the first leg 2–0 in Zagreb and were eliminated from the competition following a 1–1 draw in a bad-tempered return leg at Cardiff's Ninian Park, which was marred by crowd trouble.
This initially led to Wales being banned from the 1980 tournament, but this was reduced on appeal to a four-year ban on qualifying matches being played within 100 miles of Cardiff.
The following year, Wales defeated England on English soil for the first time in 42 years and secured their only victory to date at Wembley Stadium thanks to a Leighton James penalty.
Goals from Mickey Thomas, Ian Walsh, Leighton James and an own goal by Phil Thompson saw Wales defeat England 4–1 just four days after England had defeated the then-world champions, Argentina.
In the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, the Wales team – managed by Mike England – came extremely close to qualification; a 3–0 defeat against the Soviet Union in their final match meant they missed out on goal difference, but the real damage had been done by their failure to beat Iceland in their last home match, the match eventually finishing 2–2 after several hold-ups due to floodlight failures.
Mark Hughes marked his debut for Wales by scoring the only goal of the match as England were defeated once again in 1984.
The following season, Hughes was again on target, scoring a wonder goal as Wales thrashed Spain 3–0 at the Racecourse during qualification for the 1986 World Cup.
However, despite defeating Scotland 1–0 at Hampden Park, it was again Iceland that wrecked Welsh hopes by defeating Wales 1–0 in Reykjavík, and for the second World Cup in a row, Wales missed out on goal difference.
Wales had to win their last match at home to Scotland to be guaranteed at least a play-off, but were held to a 1–1 draw in a match marred by the death of Scotland manager Jock Stein, who collapsed from a heart attack at the end of the match.
Again Wales came close to qualifying for a major championship when they came within a whisker of reaching the 1994 World Cup.
Needing to win the final match of the group at home to Romania, Paul Bodin missed a penalty when the scores were level 1–1; the miss was immediately followed by Romania taking the lead and going on to win 2–1.
Following the failure to qualify, Yorath's contract as manager of the national side was not renewed by the FAW, and Real Sociedad manager John Toshack was appointed on a part-time basis.
However, Toshack resigned after just one match (a 3–1 defeat to Norway) citing problems with the FAW as his reason for leaving, although he was sure to have been shocked at being booed off the pitch at Ninian Park by the Welsh fans still reeling from the dismissal of Yorath.
Mike Smith took the manager role for the second time at the start of the Euro 1996 qualifiers, but Wales slipped to embarrassing defeats against Moldova and Georgia before Bobby Gould was appointed in June 1995.
His questionable tactics and public fallings-out with players Nathan Blake, Robbie Savage and Mark Hughes, coupled with embarrassing defeats to club side Leyton Orient and a 7–1 thrashing by the Netherlands in 1996 did not make him a popular figure within Wales.
Gould finally resigned following a 4–0 defeat to Italy in 1999, and the FAW turned to two legends of the national team, Neville Southall and Mark Hughes, to take temporary charge of the match against Denmark four days later, with Hughes later being appointed on a permanent basis.
Under Mark Hughes, Wales came close to qualifying for a place at Euro 2004 in Portugal, being narrowly defeated by Russia in the play-offs.
However, the defeat was not without its controversy, as Russian midfielder Yegor Titov tested positive for the use of a banned substance after the first qualifying leg, a scoreless draw in Moscow.
Notwithstanding, FIFA opted not to take action against the Football Union of Russia other than instructing them not to field Titov again, and the Russian team went on to defeat Wales 1–0 in Cardiff to qualify for the final tournament.
Following a disappointing start to 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6, Hughes left his role with the national team to take over as manager of English Premier League outfit Blackburn Rovers.
In Euro 2008 qualifying, Wales were drawn in Group D alongside Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Republic of Ireland, Cyprus and San Marino.
However, better performances towards the end of the competition by a team containing – of necessity because of injuries and suspensions of senior players – five players who were eligible for selection for the under-21 squad was viewed as a hopeful sign of future progress for the team.
In 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 4, Wales made a promising start, winning 1–0 and 2–0 against Azerbaijan and Liechtenstein, respectively.
The qualifying campaign showed signs of promise when the team managed to prevent Germany from scoring for 74 minutes of their match in Mönchengladbach, although Wales ultimately lost 1–0.
Wales lost 1–0 away to Montenegro in their opening match and, on 9 September 2010, John Toshack stood down as manager after being disappointed at previous results in 2010 against Croatia and the opening Euro 2012 qualifier.
Wales under-21 coach Brian Flynn took over from Toshack as caretaker manager with a view to a possible permanent appointment, but a 1–0 home defeat to Bulgaria and 4–1 away loss to Switzerland prompted the FAW to pass over Flynn.
Speed's first match as manager was 8 February 2011 in the inaugural Nations Cup, which the Republic of Ireland won 3–0.
Speed's first competitive match was the Euro 2012 qualifier at home to England on 26 March 2011, and Speed appointed 20-year-old Aaron Ramsey captain, making him the youngest Wales captain.
This was followed by a 2–1 home win against Montenegro, a 1–0 away loss to England, a 2–0 home win against Switzerland and a 1–0 away win against Bulgaria.
A 4–1 home win in a friendly match against Norway on 12 November 2011 proved to be Speed's last match in charge of Wales.
The match was a culmination of Speed's efforts which led Wales to receive the unofficial award for biggest mover of 2011 in the FIFA rankings.
His tenure as manager ended in tragic circumstances two weeks later when he was found dead at his home on 27 November, having apparently committed suicide.
Due to London's successful bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, a Great Britain team would qualify as of right of being the host nation.
Bale was ultimately omitted due to injury, but Ramsey was joined by four other Welshmen in Stuart Pearce's 18-man squad: Swansea City's Joe Allen and Neil Taylor, while Manchester United's Ryan Giggs and Liverpool's Craig Bellamy were included as over-age players, with Giggs being made captain.
Their second match, against Serbia, was even worse, finishing 6–1, Wales's worst defeat since the 7–1 reversal to the Netherlands in 1996.
Wales won at home against Scotland 2–1, lost away to Croatia 2–0 and won away against Scotland 2–1, but a 2–1 loss at home to Croatia ended Wales hopes of qualifying.
In July 2015, having attained their then highest FIFA ranking of tenth, Wales were placed among the top seeds for the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification draw.
In September 2015, England dropped to tenth in the FIFA rankings, making Wales – in ninth position – the highest ranked British team for the first time in its history.
Wales qualified for Euro 2016 in France, their first European Championship tournament, and were drawn into Group B with Slovakia, Russia and England.
On their Euro debut, on 11 June against Slovakia at the Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux, Gareth Bale scored direct from a free-kick to give Wales a 1–0 lead, and Hal Robson-Kanu scored the winner in a 2–1 victory that put them top of the group.
Against Russia at the Stadium Municipal in Toulouse, Aaron Ramsey, Neil Taylor and Bale scored in a 3–0 win that made them win the group.
In their round of 16 match at the Parc des Princes in Paris, Wales played Northern Ireland and won 1–0 after Bale's cross was put in as an own goal by Gareth McAuley.
In the quarter-final against Belgium, Wales went behind to a long-range effort from Radja Nainggolan, but captain Ashley Williams headed an equaliser before Hal Robson-Kanu and Sam Vokes confirmed a 3–1 victory for Wales.
This victory advanced Wales to their first major tournament semi-final and also made them the first British nation to advance to the semi-finals of a major tournament since England did so at Euro 1996 as hosts.
The first half of the semi-final against Portugal in Lyon went goalless, but goals from Cristiano Ronaldo and Nani early in the second half saw Portugal claim a 2–0 win.
Wales were welcomed back home on 8 July with an open-top bus parade around Cardiff, starting at Cardiff Castle and going past the Millennium Stadium before finishing at the Cardiff City Stadium.
However, they followed this with a run of five consecutive draws away to Austria, at home to Georgia, both home and away against Serbia and away to the Republic of Ireland.
That run came to an end with a 1–0 home victory over Austria on 2 September 2017, followed by a 2–0 away victory against Moldova on 5 September and a 1–0 away win over Georgia on 6 October.
Wales finished third in their group due to a 1–0 loss to the Republic of Ireland on 9 October and failed to qualify for the finals in Russia.
Giggs successfully led Wales to qualify for their second UEFA European championship, following a 2–0 win over Hungary in their final match on 19 November 2019.
The stadium was built in 1999 on the site of the old National Stadium, known as Cardiff Arms Park, as the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) had been chosen to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup.
Prior to 1989, Wales played their home games at the grounds of Cardiff City, Swansea City and Wrexham, but then came to an agreement with the WRU to use Cardiff Arms Park and, subsequently, the Millennium Stadium.
With the opening of the Cardiff City Stadium in 2009, the FAW chose to stage most home friendlies there, with other friendly matches played at the Liberty Stadium in Swansea and the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham.
Qualifying matches continued to be played at the 74,500-capacity Millennium Stadium until the end of 2009, which was typically only around 20–40% full amid poor team results.
For the Euro 2012 qualifying campaign, the FAW decided Wales would play all of their home matches at either the Cardiff City Stadium or the Liberty Stadium, with the exception of the home tie against England, which was played at the Millennium Stadium.
The 2014 World Cup qualifying campaign saw four home matches at the Cardiff City Stadium and one at the Liberty Stadium.
Cardiff City Stadium's capacity was increased to 33,000 in 2014 and all home matches for Euro 2016 qualifying were scheduled at the stadium and Wales subsequently qualified for the finals tournament in France.
All five home qualifiers for the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) were held at the stadium as well as both of the team's home 2018–19 UEFA Nations League games.
A friendly against Spain took place at the Millennium Stadium on 11 October 2018, which was Wales' first match at the stadium in just over seven-and-a-half years, finishing in a 4–1 defeat.
A friendly took place at the Racecourse Ground on 20 March 2019 against Trinidad and Tobago which was Wales' first match at the stadium since 2008.
The following players have been called up for the team within the last 12 months and are still available for selection.
Prior to 1954 the Welsh team was chosen by a panel of selectors with the team captain fulfilling the role of coach.
Liberation Left (formerly Student Broad Left or SBL) is a factional grouping operating within the National Union of Students of the United Kingdom.
The group was formed in 1997 as a split from the Campaign for Free Education (CFE) and first contested NUS elections in 1998.
It is characterised by its vocal support for the NUS Liberation Campaigns, Palestinian rights and for free-to-student, state-funded education, and its determined opposition to racism, Islamophobia, fascism, and war.
The group should not be confused with the principally CPGB, Labour, and Liberal grouping known as Broad Left, which held the NUS presidency between 1973 and 1984.
In most years, Student Broad Left formed a slate with the Campaign for Free Education and Socialist Workers' Student Society, to increase the number of socialist candidates elected.
Student Broad Left candidate Peter Leary polled 2nd in the Block of 12 in 2004 and 2005 coming behind only Labour Students.
Opponents of Student Broad Left claim that many of the founders of the group, including all SBL candidates to the NUS National Executive Committee, have been closely linked to Socialist Action , pointing out that the Student Broad Left supports the same campaigns as Socialist Action, for example the Student Assembly Against Racism, Unite Against Fascism, Student CND, and Cuban solidarity.
Though these allegations are levelled at SBL members with some regularity, the list of organisations could cover many left wing groups and individuals, and is not indicative of any particular faction.
During the 2008 NUS Annual Conference, Student Broad Left formed a slate with Student Respect putting forward Ruqayyah Collector, NUS Black Students' Officer 2006-8, as candidate for NUS National President.
Student Broad Left has become much more active in 2010, and co-hosted the Progressive Students Conference with the National Black Students' Alliance in October 2010, attracting high-profile speakers including Ken Livingstone, Salma Yaqoob, Adrian Ramsay, Emily Thornberry, and more from organisations including CND, Unite Against Fascism, UCU, and the NUS.
NUS conference 2012 saw Student Broad Left's Kanja Sesay run for president against incumbent Liam Burns, VP HE Usman Ali and VP UD Ed Marsh.
A joint Student Broad Left and Young Greens candidate, Matt Stanley, was elected to the Block of 15, and Aaron Kiely was elected as Black Students' Officer.
Former President Bouattia was condemned by 300 Jewish student leaders, the Union of Jewish Students and the Home Affairs Select Committee.
At the 2019 national conference, there was another breakdown in left-wing factional support, with the CFE-descendant Student Left Network actively fielding candidates against LibLeft incumbents and campaigning for two left-wing candidates.
However, moderate factions were in decline; the OIs had been focused on Brexit and NUS reform, and Labour Students had faced ten disaffiliations after a democracy scandal.
The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the Great Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn Qutulmish in 1077, following the Battle of Manzikert (1071), with capitals first at İznik and then at Konya.
It reached the height of its power during the late 12th and early 13th century, when it succeeded in taking Byzantine key ports on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts.
The increased wealth allowed the sultanate to absorb other Turkish states that had been established in eastern Anatolia (Danishmends, Mengujekids, Saltukids, Artuqids).
The Seljuq sultans bore the brunt of the Crusades and eventually succumbed to the Mongol invasion in 1243 (Battle of Köse Dağ).
The dissolution of the Seljuq state left behind many small Anatolian beyliks (Turkish principalities), among them that of the Ottoman dynasty, which eventually conquered the rest and reunited Anatolia to become the Ottoman Empire.
In the 1070s, after the battle of Manzikert, the Seljuk commander Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, a distant cousin of Malik-Shah I and a former contender for the throne of the Seljuk Empire, came to power in western Anatolia.
Suleiman was killed in Antioch in 1086 by Tutush I, the Seljuk ruler of Syria, and Suleiman's son Kilij Arslan I was imprisoned.
Kilij Arslan was defeated by soldiers of the First Crusade and driven back into south-central Anatolia, where he set up his state with capital in Konya.
At the Battle of Myriokephalon in 1176, Kilij Arslan II also defeated a Byzantine army led by Manuel I Komnenos, dealing a major blow to Byzantine power in the region.
Despite a temporary occupation of Konya in 1190 by the Holy Roman Empire's forces of the Third Crusade, the sultanate was quick to recover and consolidate its power.
During the last years of Kilij Arslan II's reign, the sultanate experienced a civil war with Kaykhusraw I fighting to retain control and losing to his brother Suleiman II in 1196.
Süleymanshah II rallied his vassal emirs and marched against Georgia, with an army of 150,000-400,000 and encamped in the Basiani valley.
In a pitched battle, the Seljuqid forces managed to roll back several attacks of the Georgians but were eventually overwhelmed and defeated.
Under his rule and those of his two successors, Kaykaus I and Kayqubad I, Seljuq power in Anatolia reached its apogee.
Kaykhusraw II (1237–1246) began his reign by capturing the region around Diyarbakır, but in 1239 he had to face an uprising led by a popular preacher named Baba Ishak.
After three years, when he had finally quelled the revolt, the Crimean foothold was lost and the state and the sultanate's army had weakened.
The forces of the Mongol Empire took Erzurum in 1242 and in 1243, the sultan was crushed by Baiju in the Battle of Köse Dağ (a mountain between the cities of Sivas and Erzincan), and the Seljuq Turks were forced to swear allegiance to the Mongols and became their vassals.
The sultan himself had fled to Antalya after the 1243 battle, where he died in 1246, his death starting a period of tripartite, and then dual, rule that lasted until 1260.
His younger brothers, Kilij Arslan IV (1248–1265) and Kayqubad II (1249–1257), were set to rule the regions east of the river under Mongol administration.
Kilij Arslan IV was executed in 1265, and Kaykhusraw III (1265–1284) became the nominal ruler of all of Anatolia, with the tangible power exercised either by the Mongols or the sultan's influential regents.
The Seljuq state had started to split into small emirates (beyliks) that increasingly distanced themselves from both Mongol and Seljuq control.
In 1277, responding to a call from Anatolia, the Mamluk sultan, Baibars, raided Anatolia and defeated the Mongols, temporarily replacing them as the administrator of the Seljuq realm.
But since the native forces who had called him to Anatolia did not manifest themselves for the defense of the land, he had to return to his home base in Egypt, and the Mongol administration was re-assumed, officially and severely.
Also, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia captured the Mediterranean coast from Selinos to Seleucia, as well as the cities of Marash and Behisni, from the Seljuq in the 1240s.
When Kaykhusraw III was executed in 1284, the Seljuq dynasty suffered another blow from internal struggles which lasted until 1303 when the son of Kaykaus II, Mesud II, established himself as sultan in Kayseri.
A distant relative to the Seljuq dynasty momentarily installed himself as emir of Konya, but he was defeated and his lands conquered by the Karamanids in 1328.
The sultanate's monetary sphere of influence lasted slightly longer and coins of Seljuq mint, generally considered to be of reliable value, continued to be used throughout the 14th century, once again, including by the Ottomans.
The Seljuk dynasty of Rum, as successors to the Great Seljuqs, based their political, religious and cultural heritage on the Perso-Islamic tradition, even to the point of naming their sons with Persian names.
Moreover, Byzantine influence in the Sultanate was also significant, since Greek aristocracy remained part of the Seljuk nobility, and the local Greek population was numerous in the region.
In their construction of caravanserais, madrasas and mosques, the Rum Seljuks translated the Iranian Seljuk architecture of bricks and plaster into the use of stone.
The largest caravanserai is the Sultan Han (built in 1229) on the road between the cities of Konya and Aksaray, in the township of Sultanhanı depending the latter city, enclosing .
These are Alacahan in Kangal, Durağan, Hekimhan and Kadınhanı, as well as the township of Akhan within the Denizli metropolitan area.
There are other particular cases like the settlement in (contiguous to an ancient Hittite site) near Alaca, founded by the Seljuq commander Hüsameddin Temurlu, who had taken refuge in the region after the defeat in the Battle of Köse Dağ and had founded a township comprising a castle, a madrasa, a habitation zone and a caravanserai, which were later abandoned apparently around the 16th century.
All but the caravanserai, which remains undiscovered, was explored in the 1960s by the art historian Oktay Aslanapa, and the finds as well as a number of documents attest to the existence of a vivid settlement in the site, such as a 1463 Ottoman firman which instructs the headmaster of the madrasa to lodge not in the school but in the caravanserai.
The practice of keeping ghulams may have offered a model for the later devşirme during the time of the Ottoman Empire.
As regards the names of the sultans, there are variants in form and spelling depending on the preferences displayed by one source or the other, either for fidelity in transliterating the Persian variant of the Arabic script which the sultans used, or for a rendering corresponding to the modern Turkish phonology and orthography.
A diplomatic bag, also known as a diplomatic pouch, is a container with certain legal protections used for carrying official correspondence or other items between a diplomatic mission and its home government or other diplomatic, consular, or otherwise official entity.
Additionally, a diplomatic bag usually has some form of lock and/or tamper-evident seal attached to it in order to deter or detect interference by unauthorized third parties.
In discussions of cryptography, the diplomatic bag is conventionally used as an example of the ultimate secure channel used to exchange keys, codebooks, and other necessarily secret materials.
Originally a small industrial village to the nearby shale mine and works, it now adjoins the new town of Livingston, which was constructed alongside Pumpherston in the late 1960s and quickly grew much larger than its neighbours.
The specific oil shale retort, invented in 1894 and marking the separation of the oil shale industry from the coal industry, is named after the village.
One writer suggested it was from 'pamper', a short thickset man; another suggested it was from 'pundler', the official in the middle ages who impounded stray cattle.
Pumpherston has a variety of sporting amenities including Pumpherston Golf Club, Pumpherston Bowling Club and Recreation Park, the home of Pumpherston Juniors Football Club (Pumpherston F.C.
In 2005 Pumpherston United F.C was formed to provide an opportunity for children from Pumpherston and the surrounding areas to take part in regular sporting activities.
In only its third year the youth football club achieved an Access Level Award through West Lothian Council's Community Sports Club Development Scheme.
The certificate awarded to the club confirms that Pumpherston United F.C demonstrates appropriate levels of efficiency in Child Protection, Good Coaching Practice, Club Management and First Aid.
Around the same time Steve Pittman played for East Fife, Shrewsbury Town, Dundee and Partick Thistle (alongside Derek) before heading for his birthplace of the U.S.A to turn out for Kansas City Wizards and Fort Lauderdale Strikers among others.
Many of the poems were read out and a few ideas from the plays were used in other things, including Dukla Pumpherston (Tony Roper added the words 'Sawmill and Tannery' in the 1980s radio show Naked Radio).
Kerry McGregor, who had success with many ventures including the Eurovision Song Contest qualifiers and X Factor, as well as acting, came from Pumpherston.
In 1829, Henry Jones of Devon, England, a retired purser in the Royal Navy, brought a group of more than 50 emigrants from the United Kingdom to this area where he established a settlement on a tract of land on Lake Huron.
Within a few years, however, disappointing harvests and the burning of the log house led the colonists gradually to abandon the enterprise.
In 1862, he was promoted to full colonel to command the local military district until after the Fenian alarms of 1866 and 1868.
In 1934, it achieved notoriety when John Labatt, of the brewing family, who had rented it for the summer, was kidnapped on his way to London.
It was restored to its present condition and started a new life as the Brights Grove library and Gallery in the Grove.
Constructed between 1924 and 1926 to designs by the architect Heinrich Straumer, it was inaugurated on 3 September 1926, on the occasion of the opening of the third Große Deutsche Funkausstellung (Great German Radio Exhibition) in the grounds of the Messe Berlin trade fair in the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.
The and approximately 600-metric ton radio tower was originally planned strictly as a transmitting tower, but later additions included a restaurant at a height of approximately 52 m, and observation deck at a height of approximately 125 m. Visitors reach the restaurant and the observation deck by an elevator which travels up to 6 meters per second.
It was designed as the support tower for a T-antenna for medium wave, and the insulators were intended to prevent the drain of the transmitting power down through the tower itself.
However, this was impractical, because visitors would have been vulnerable to massive electric shocks, so the tower was later grounded via its elevator shaft.
On March 22, 1935, the first regular television program in the world was broadcast from an aerial on the top of the tower.
Since 1973, the radio tower stopped serving as a regular transmission tower for broadcasting purposes, but it is still used as relay station for amateur radio, police radio, and mobile phone services.
A third ship also exists named GwinBee, a green counterpart to TwinBee and WinBee who in most games serves as a power-up, but in some instances also appear as a third playable spacecraft.
The player must shoot these bells to keep them afloat and after shooting them a number of times, they will change colour, allowing the player to add new abilities to their spacecraft.
Despite being one of Konami's most prominent series in Japan during most of the 1990s, only a select few titles were localized for the foreign market.
The series lasted three seasons, with the third and final series concluding on March 30, 1997, comprising a total of 96 episodes, which were later released in drama CD collections.
It was the first telecommunications tower in the world constructed from reinforced concrete, and it is the prototype for many such towers worldwide.
From the observation decks there is a view of Stuttgart, from the forests and vineyards in and around Stuttgart to the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest.
The tower's construction was controversial – critics opposed the new building method and its costs; a simple 200-meter antenna array would have cost just 200,000 DM.
The tower carries beside the conventional red air traffic warning lights three rotating xenon lamps similar to those used on lighthouses just above the observation deck.
The Funk Brothers were a group of Detroit-based session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown recordings from 1959 until the company moved to Los Angeles in 1972.
The same 13 members were identified by both NARAS for the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and were recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
This figure, 39 number one hits spread across several Billboard charts, is indeed dwarfed by the collection of Motown chart toppers the Funk Brothers are thought to have backed.
Pop number ones between 1961 and the studio's relocation to Los Angeles in 1972, on which some combination of Funk Brothers always served as personnel.
While most of Motown's backing musicians were African American, and many originally from Detroit, the Funk Brothers included white players as well, such as Messina (who was the featured guitarist on Soupy Sales's nighttime jazz TV show in the 1950s), Brokensha (originally from Australia), Coffey, and Pittsburgh-born Babbitt.
During the mid- to late-1960s, one-fifth of Motown records began utilizing session musicians based in Los Angeles, usually covers and tributes of mainstream pop songs and showtunes.
By 1970, an increasing number of Motown sessions were in Los Angeles instead of Detroit, notably all the Jackson 5's hit recordings.
The Funk Brothers were dismissed in 1972, when Berry Gordy moved the entire Motown label to Los Angeles—a development some of the musicians discovered only from a notice on the studio door.
For many of the L.A. recordings, members of The Wrecking Crew—the prominent group of session musicians that included drummer Earl Palmer, bassist Carol Kaye, guitarist Tommy Tedesco, and keyboardist Larry Knechtel—joined the team at Motown.
In February 2004, surviving members of the Funk Brothers were presented the Grammy Legend Award at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards at the Staples Center in L.A.
Bob Babbitt, Joe Hunter, Uriel Jones, and Eddie Willis performed alongside other notable Detroit session musicians, like Ray Monette, Robert Jones, Spider Webb, and Treaty Womack.
The musicians played on the Philly hits, giving their unique Detroit interpretations of the songs under the leadership of Phil Hurtt, Bobby Eli, Clay McMurray and Lamont Dozier.
Many other ex-Motown and Detroit artists performed vocals on the session, including the Velvelettes, Carolyn Crawford, Lamont Dozier, Bobby Taylor, Kim Weston, Freda Payne, and George Clinton.
In 2008 Uriel Jones, Ray Monette, Dennis Coffey, Robert Jones and Bob Babbitt accompanied other notable Detroit session musicians, including Larry Fratangelo, Dennis Sheridan, Edward Gooch, John Trudell, saxophonist George Benson, Mark Burger, David Jennings, Spider Webb, George Katsakis, Gil Bridges and Rob Pipho, on the Carl Dixon Bandtraxs project, which featured a Dennis Coffey–Carl Dixon production of four new songs.
The session was also at Studio A, Dearborn Heights, Detroit, and was the dream of a 19-year-old Dixon, back in 1974, to pay homage to musicians, particularly The Funk Brothers, producers and those who influenced him with their music.
It was via this web site that he and Dennis Coffey hooked up and then eventually collaborated to make the session work.
On Dennis Coffey's suggestion there were two drummers on this session, Uriel Jones and Spider Webb, who shared responsibility for the groove throughout the recordings, along with Bob's pounding bass lines.
Not unlike such producers as George Martin, Phil Spector and Brian Wilson, the band used many techniques that are rarely used in recorded music.
Bassist James Jamerson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000, and drummer Benny Benjamin in 2003.
In 2003, surviving members were invited to the White House to meet President George W. Bush, Secretary of State Colin Powell, and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice, in an event tied to Black History Month.
The following list covers the musicians most frequently used on Motown recordings from 1959 through 1972; it is not an exhaustive list of every musician ever used.
The Blosenbergturm is a former radio transmission tower built for the German-language radio station DRS at Beromünster in the Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, in 1937.
It has a cabin at a height of , containing a coil for feeding the pinnacle, which is insulated against the rest of the tower, separately with high frequency power.
There was another, tall, freestanding lattice tower nearby, dismantled in 2011, which, like the Blosenbergturm, was a tower radiator insulated against ground.
This tower, which was built in 1931, carried – together with a second tower, which was dismantled and rebuilt at Sankt Chrischona near Basel as a television transmission tower – a T-antenna for medium wave until 1962.
The aircraft warning lights on the Blosenbergturm have a special feature: at dawn a rotating beamer above the cabin comes into service.
This beamer, which is much less bright than the beamers on the Stuttgart TV Tower, is switched off at night and the red aircraft warning lights are turned on.
The high electrical field surrounding the top of the tower when the transmitter was powered meant that at such times the light glowed faintly even in the blink breaks.
The 1931 backup tower was dismantled in 2011; the Blosenberg tower itself was declared a heritage monument and may become part of an on-site museum.
It has a cell wall made of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, a large cup-shaped chloroplast, a large pyrenoid, and an eyespot that senses light.
The genome of C. Reinhardtii is significant for mitochondrial study as it is one species where the genes for 6 of the 13 proteins encoded for the mitochondria are found in the nucleus of the cell, leaving 7 in the mitochondria.
There are two mating types, identical in appearance, thus isogamous, and known as mt(+) and mt(-), which can fuse to form a diploid zygote.
Under ideal growth conditions, cells may sometimes undergo two or three rounds of mitosis before the daughter cells are released from the old cell wall into the medium.
The growth phase is dependent on light, whereas, after a point designated as the transition or commitment point, processes are light-independent.
The attractiveness of the algae as a model organism has recently increased with the release of several genomic resources to the public domain.
In addition to genomic sequence data, there is a large supply of expression sequence data available as cDNA libraries and expressed sequence tags (ESTs).
It is an organism of choice for many selection experiments because (1) it has a short generation time, (2) it is both a heterotroph and a facultative autotroph, (3) it can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and (4) there is a wealth of genetic information already available.
According to one frequently cited theoretical hypothesis, sexual reproduction (in contrast to asexual reproduction) is adaptively maintained in benign environments because it reduces mutational load by combining deleterious mutations from different lines of descent and increases mean fitness.
This is probably because the chloroplast occupies over half of the volume of the cell providing the microprojectile with a large target.
Electroporation has been shown to be the most efficient way of introducing DNA into the nuclear genome with maximum transformation frequencies two orders of magnitude higher than obtained using glass bead method.
In 1939, the German researcher Hans Gaffron (1902–1979), who was at that time attached to the University of Chicago, discovered the hydrogen metabolism of unicellular green algae.
Over the next thirty years, Gaffron and his team worked out the basic mechanics of this photosynthetic hydrogen production by algae.
Fallturm Bremen is a drop tower at the Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity at the University of Bremen in Bremen.
It was built between 1988 and 1990, and includes a 122-metre-high drop tube (actual drop distance is 110 m), in which for 4.74 seconds (with release of the drop capsule), or for over 9 seconds (with the use of a catapult, installed in 2004) weightlessness can be produced.
The 122-metre drop tube is free-standing within the concrete shell, in order to prevent the transmission of wind-induced vibrations, which could otherwise result in the airtight drop capsule hitting the walls.
Built by the Dresser-Ideco Company for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, it was first erected in 1962 in the atomic bomb test area at Yucca Flat, where it was used for an experiment intended to improve understanding the effects of radiation in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
A bare (unshielded) nuclear reactor on a hoist car could be moved to different heights on the tower; Japanese-type houses were built near the base of the tower and were bombarded with various intensities of radiation.
After the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty banned open-air nuclear testing, the tower was dismantled and despite its immense size moved from its original location to Jackass Flats in Area 25 of the Nevada Test Site, where it was used for Operation HENRE (High Energy Neutron Reactions Experiment), a series of radiation measurement experiments using a small linear accelerator to provide neutrons.
The tower was equipped with an outside hoist to lift scientific equipment, and a two-person elevator inside the tower moved at per minute.
The National Nuclear Security Administration listed reasons for the removal as safety concerns for nearby workers, unreasonable costs to restore the structure to working condition and hazards to air traffic.
A caxixi () is a percussion instrument consisting of a closed basket with a flat bottom filled with seeds or other small particles.
Variations in sound are produced by varying the angle at which the caxixi is shaken, determining whether the contents strike the reed basket (softer sound) or the hard bottom (louder, sharper sound).
The larger sized caxixi were first used on recordings by Airto Moreira, but it was Naná Vasconcelos who furthered the use of caxixi for rhythmic accompaniment and colors.
Many scholars believe that the Bethlehem referred to in this passage is the Bethlehem in the territory of the Tribe of Zebulun, in Galilee, rather than the more famous Bethlehem in the Tribe of Judah.
She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 until 2012, representing Waterloo North and later Kitchener—Waterloo as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.
She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Western Ontario, and later attended the Althouse College of Education.
Witmer began her political career as a school trustee, serving on the Waterloo County Board of Education from 1980 to 1990; she became its chair in 1984.
She ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1987 election, but was defeated by Ontario Liberal Party Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Herb Epp in Waterloo North.
She was successful this time, defeating New Democrat Hugh Miller and Liberal Andrew Telegdi (later a federal Member of Parliament) to become the first female MPP to be elected in the region of Waterloo.
The NDP scored an upset victory in this election while the Progressive Conservatives won only 20 of 130 seats for third-party status.
There was a significant swing to the Progressive Conservatives in the 1995 provincial election, and Witmer was re-elected by more than 17,000 votes over her nearest opponent.
Harris's government was initially regarded by many as uniformly right-wing, although moderate Red Tory figures such as Witmer and Isabel Bassett eventually emerged in key portfolios.
Witmer's appointment as Minister of Health was generally interpreted as signalling that the government desired a more moderate approach to negotiations with the health sector.
During her term as Minister of Labour Ms. Witmer overhauled the Worker's Compensation Act, renaming it the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act and introduced entitlement benefits for mental stress for the first time.
She ran in the 2002 PC leadership election to succeed Harris as Tory leader and Premier, but placed fourth on the first ballot and threw her support to the eventual winner, Ernie Eves.
Moreover, she is considered to be one of the few moderates in a caucus dominated by the right-wing of the party.
She was named as deputy leader of the opposition, and serves as her party's critic on long-term care and women's issues.
Witmer again considered running in the 2009 PC leadership election, following the resignation of John Tory, but ultimately she decided to endorse Christine Elliott.
On April 27, 2012 Witmer announced that she was resigning as an MPP, just seven months after the last election, and had accepted an appointment to head the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board.
She revealed in September 2012 that she chose to accept the WSIB position because her husband Cam had recently been diagnosed with cancer.
In the mathematical field of differential topology, the Hopf fibration (also known as the Hopf bundle or Hopf map) describes a 3-sphere (a hypersphere in four-dimensional space) in terms of circles and an ordinary sphere.
Thus the -sphere is composed of fibers, where each fiber is a circle — one for each point of the -sphere.
meaning that the fiber space (a circle) is embedded in the total space (the -sphere), and (Hopf's map) projects onto the base space (the ordinary -sphere).
This has many implications: for example the existence of this bundle shows that the higher homotopy groups of spheres are not trivial in general.
Stereographic projection of the Hopf fibration induces a remarkable structure on , in which space is filled with nested tori made of linking Villarceau circles.
When is compressed to the boundary of a ball, some geometric structure is lost although the topological structure is retained (see Topology and geometry).
The unit sphere in complex coordinate space fibers naturally over the complex projective space with circles as fibers, and there are also real, quaternionic, and octonionic versions of these fibrations.
For concreteness, the central point can be taken to be the origin, and the distance of the points on the sphere from this origin can be assumed to be a unit length.
Thus is identified with the subset of all in such that , and is identified with the subset of all in such that .
Furthermore, if two points on the 3-sphere map to the same point on the 2-sphere, i.e., if , then must equal for some complex number with .
The converse is also true; any two points on the -sphere that differ by a common complex factor map to the same point on the -sphere.
These conclusions follow, because the complex factor cancels with its complex conjugate in both parts of : in the complex component and in the real component .
Since the set of complex numbers with form the unit circle in the complex plane, it follows that for each point in , the inverse image is a circle, i.e., .
Every value of , except and which specify circles, specifies a separate flat torus in the -sphere, and one round trip ( to ) of either or causes you to make one full circle of both limbs of the torus.
A geometric interpretation of the fibration may be obtained using the complex projective line, , which is defined to be the set of all complex one-dimensional subspaces of .
On any complex line in C there is a circle of unit norm, and so the restriction of the quotient map to the points of unit norm is a fibration of over .
For the Hopf fibration, it is enough to remove a single point from and the corresponding circle from ; thus one can take , and any point in has a neighborhood of this form.
To make this more explicit, there are two approaches: the group can either be identified with the group Sp(1) of unit quaternions, or with the special unitary group SU(2).
The -sphere is then identified with the versors, the quaternions of unit norm, those for which , where , which is equal to for as above.
is a rotation in : indeed it is clearly an isometry, since , and it is not hard to check that it preserves orientation.
In fact, this identifies the group of versors with the group of rotations of , modulo the fact that the versors and determine the same rotation.
As noted above, the rotations act transitively on , and the set of versors which fix a given right versor have the form , where and are real numbers with .
For concreteness, one can take , and then the Hopf fibration can be defined as the map sending a versor .
All the quaternions , where is one of the circle of versors that fix , get mapped to the same thing (which happens to be one of the two rotations rotating to the same place as does).
Another way to look at this fibration is that every versor ω moves the plane spanned by to a new plane spanned by .
We put all these into one fibre, and the fibres can be mapped one-to-one to the -sphere of rotations which is the range of .
Since multiplication by acts as a rotation of quaternion space, the fiber is not merely a topological circle, it is a geometric circle.
But note that this one-to-one mapping between and is not continuous on this circle, reflecting the fact that is not topologically equivalent to .
Any point on the -sphere is equivalent to a quaternion, which in turn is equivalent to a particular rotation of a Cartesian coordinate frame in three dimensions.
The set of all possible quaternions produces the set of all possible rotations, which moves the tip of one unit vector of such a coordinate frame (say, the vector) to all possible points on a unit -sphere.
However, fixing the tip of the vector does not specify the rotation fully; a further rotation is possible about the axis.
The Hopf mapping maps the rotation to the point on the 2-sphere given by θ and φ, and the associated circle is parametrized by ψ.
If the Hopf fibration is treated as a vector field in 3 dimensional space then there is a solution to the (compressible, non-viscous) Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics in which the fluid flows along the circles of the projection of the Hopf fibration in 3 dimensional space.
As a consequence of Adams' theorem, fiber bundles with spheres as total space, base space, and fiber can occur only in these dimensions.
The individual fibers map to linking Villarceau circles on these tori, with the exception of the circle through the projection point and the one through its opposite point: the former maps to a straight line, the latter to a unit circle perpendicular to, and centered on, this line, which may be viewed as a degenerate torus whose radius has shrunken to zero.
In quantum mechanics, the Riemann sphere is known as the Bloch sphere, and the Hopf fibration describes the topological structure of a quantum mechanical two-level system or qubit.
He was the Speaker of Seimas, the parliament of Lithuania, from 2000 to 2006, and he served as Acting President of Lithuania from 6 April 2004 to 12 July 2004.
He was again Deputy Prosecutor General from 1995 to 1997 and was engaged in private legal practice from 1997 to 2000.
He was supported by outgoing President Algirdas Brazauskas and narrowly lost in the runoff to Valdas Adamkus, with Paulauskas gaining 49.6% of vote and Adamkus gaining 50.4%.
Following the impeachment of President Rolandas Paksas on 6 April 2004, Paulauskas served as acting President of Lithuania until early elections were held and a new President, Valdas Adamkus, was sworn on 12 July 2004.
Paulauskas was named as the candidate for the post of Minister of Environment by Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas on 30 January 2008.
As Minister, he made a May 2008 statement at a meeting of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development supporting the use of renewable energy resources in Lithuania.
In 2015, news media reported that Paulauskas was included in a Russian blacklist of prominent people from the European Union who are not allowed to enter the country.
In the Bible, Elon (or Ahialon in Douay–Rheims and some other translations) (; ; ) is named in the Book of Judges at chapter 12 and verses 11 and 12, as being a member of the Tribe of Zebulun who served as a judge of Israel for ten years, who followed Ibzan and was succeeded by Abdon.
Known for his innovation, he was the first to add a third wedge to his bag, one of the first players to use a sports psychologist, and one of the first to emphasize physical fitness for game improvement.
He also underwent laser eye surgery, due to his partial blindness, in a bid to improve his game late in his career.
Kite was the first in Tour history to reach $6 million, $7 million, $8 million, and $9 million in career earnings.
In 2005 he led the PGA Tour's Booz Allen Classic by one shot going into the final round at the age of 55.
If he had been able to stay ahead he would have beaten Sam Snead's record as the oldest winner on the PGA Tour by three years, but he fell away to finish tied 13th, seven shots behind Sergio García.
Kite has added golf course designer to his résumé and has successfully completed several golf courses in collaboration with Bob Cupp, Randy Russell and Roy Bechtol.
Completed golf courses include Coco Beach Resort in Puerto Rico (home of the Puerto Rico Open); Liberty National in Jersey City, New Jersey; Comanche Trace in Kerrville, Texas; Somersett Country Club in Reno, Nevada; Gaillardia Golf & Country Club in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Legends on LBJ in Kingsland, Texas; and Baltimore Country Club in Lutherville Mryland, West Course (redesign) 1989.
Fish fingers (British English) or fish sticks (American English) are a processed food made using a whitefish, such as cod, hake, haddock or pollock, which has been battered or breaded.
The snack was nearly called Battered Cod Pieces, until a poll of Birds Eye workers opted for the snappier Fish Fingers.
In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.
She was launched on 12 July 1943 by Mrs. J. J. Cahill, wife of the Minister for Public Works and Local Government, and commissioned into the RAN on 14 March 1944.
Following this, she was immediate deployed back in New Guinea, and in June 1945 fired upon Japanese gun emplacements on Kairiru Island.
Pinus arizonica, commonly known as the Arizona pine, is a medium-sized pine in northern Mexico, southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, and western Texas in the United States.
The Arizona pine was commonly thought to be a variant of Ponderosa pine, but since at least 1997 it is now recognized as a distinct species by most authorities.
The college comprises four schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the Bill and Vieve Gore School of Business, the School of Education, and the School of Nursing and Health Sciences.
The school was founded in 1875 as the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute, a prep school under the supervision of the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City.
The name is derived from the Westminster Confession of Faith, a Presbyterian confession of faith, which, in turn, was named for the district of London where it was devised.
The University of Westminster, London is a separate higher education institution in the United Kingdom and is not affiliated with Westminster College.
Students from all religions (or none) are welcome, as Westminster severed its official ties to the Presbyterian church in 1974, although it is still loosely affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).
After students actively protested, the school crest was preserved; in 2007, however, it was abandoned when the new crest with an image of Converse Hall took its place.
Originally located in downtown Salt Lake City, the college moved to its present campus on in the Sugar House neighborhood of the city in 1911 where it is still located today.
The larger of the buildings, the Eccles Health Wellness and Athletics Center (HWAC), also has an indoor pool, three story rock climbing wall, and racket ball court.
As Westminster College is located on little acreage in the heart of Salt Lake City, administration has had to be careful and smart about the growing student population.
The sixteenth president of Westminster College, Dr. Michael S. Bassis, saw a need for growing into and connecting with the Sugar House community.
During his presidency he acquired Garfield School to the east, with plans on converting it into a center for the arts.
Dr. Bassis also struck a deal to have Westminster on the Draw built on 1300 East, directly across the street from Sugar House Park.
Westminster College comprises four schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the Bill and Vieve Gore School of Business, the School of Education, and the School of Nursing and Health Sciences.
The college operates on a fall and spring semester system with a mini term in May and eight- and twelve-week summer terms.
U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks Westminster in the top tier of Master's universities in the West and as an excellent educational value.
Westminster has also been recognized as one of the best colleges in the country by the Princeton Review for more than a decade.
Westminster College teams, nicknamed athletically as the Griffins, are active members of NCAA Division II and the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC).
NCAA Division II Men's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, skiing, soccer and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, skiing, soccer, track & field and volleyball.
The Griffins men's and women's alpine skiing teams compete in the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association (RMISA) affiliated with the NCAA.
Prior to 1979, Westminster College athletic teams were called the Parsons, and the school was a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC), which was a member of the NAIA at the time.
The Act also serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).
FWS and NMFS have been delegated the authority to promulgate rules in the Code of Federal Regulations to implement the provisions of the Act.
Calls for wildlife conservation in the United States increased in the early 1900s because of the visible decline of several species.
The whooping crane also received widespread attention as unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in its population.
Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conservation Act, a 1937 treaty prohibiting the hunting of right and gray whales, and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940.
As a part of this program, Congress authorized the Secretary of the Interior to acquire land or interests in land that would further the conservation of these species.
This meeting produced the comprehensive multilateral treaty known as CITES or the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
Congress responded with the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which was signed into law by Nixon on December 28, 1973 (Pub.L.
President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation.
Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973 ().
It was written by a team of lawyers and scientists, including Dr. Russell E. Train, the first appointed head of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), an outgrowth of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969.
Train was assisted by a core group of staffers, including Dr. Earl Baysinger at EPA, Dick Gutting, and Dr. Gerard A.
Train's leadership, incorporated dozens of new principles and ideas into the landmark legislation, crafting a document that completely changed the direction of environmental conservation in the United States.
The ESA is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).
In 2014, the House of Representatives passed the 21st Century Endangered Species Transparency Act, which would require the government to disclose the data it uses to determine species classification.
In July 2018, lobbyists, Republican legislators, and the administration of President Donald Trump, proposed, introduced, and voted on laws and amendments to the ESA.
In August 2019, the US federal government, headed by President Donald Trump, announced that it would be changing the way the Endangered Species Act would be enforced.
The ESA's primary goal is to prevent the extinction of imperiled plant and animal life, and secondly, to recover and maintain those populations by removing or lessening threats to their survival.
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species.
The 1978 amendment linked the listing procedure with critical habitat designation and economic considerations, which almost completely halted new listings, with almost 2,000 species being withdrawn from consideration.
If a petition presents information that the species may be imperiled, a screening period of 90 days begins (interested persons and/or organization petitions only).
The final rule time limit may be extended for 6 months and listings may be grouped together according to similar geography, threats, habitat or taxonomy.
The rate of listing is strongly correlated with citizen involvement and mandatory timelines: as agency discretion decreases and citizen involvement increases (i.e.
The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species.
To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open space for individual and population growth, food, water, light or other nutritional requirements, breeding sites, seed germination and dispersal needs, and lack of disturbances are considered.
The Fish and Wildlife Service has a policy limiting designation to lands and waters within the U.S. and both federal agencies may exclude essential areas if they determine that economic or other costs exceed the benefit.
While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining projects on private and state land typically require a federal permit and thus become subject to critical habitat regulations.
Outside or in parallel with regulatory processes, critical habitats also focus and encourage voluntary actions such as land purchases, grant making, restoration, and establishment of reserves.
The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a series of court orders invalidated the Reagan regulations and forced the FWS and NMFS to designate several hundred critical habitats, especially in Hawaii, California and other western states.
Nonetheless, the agencies have generally changed course and since about 2005 have tried to designate critical habitat at or near the time of listing.
The combined result of the amendments to the Endangered Species Act have created a law vastly different from the ESA of 1973.
More changes were made in the 1990s in an attempt by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt to shield the ESA from a Congress hostile to the law.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are required to create an Endangered Species Recovery Plan outlining the goals, tasks required, likely costs, and estimated timeline to recover endangered species (i.e., increase their numbers and improve their management to the point where they can be removed from the endangered list).
The FWS has a policy specifying completion within three years of the species being listed, but the average time to completion is approximately six years.
The annual rate of recovery plan completion increased steadily from the Ford administration (4) through Carter (9), Reagan (30), Bush I (44), and Clinton (72), but declined under Bush II (16 per year as of 9/1/06).
Recovery plans became more specific after 1988 when Congress added provisions to Section 4(f) of the law that spelled out the minimum contents of a recovery plan.
There is a ranking order, similar to the listing procedures, for recovery plans, with the highest priority being for species most likely to benefit from recovery plans, especially when the threat is from construction, or other developmental or economic activity.
The ESA requires federal agencies to consult with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) if any project occurs in the habitat of a listed species.
If the timber harvest could impact a listed species, a biological assessment is prepared by the Forest Service and reviewed by the FWS or NMFS or both.
The question to be answered is whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized.
If harm cannot be avoided, the project agency can seek an exemption from the Endangered Species Committee, an ad hoc panel composed of members from the executive branch and at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur.
Five of the seven committee members must vote for the exemption to allow taking (to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or significant habitat modification, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct) of listed species.
Long before the exemption is considered by the Endangered Species Committee, the Forest Service, and either the FWS or the NMFS will have consulted on the biological implications of the timber harvest.
The consultation can be informal, to determine if harm may occur; and then formal if the harm is believed to be likely.
The questions to be answered in these consultations are whether the species will be harmed, whether the habitat will be harmed and if the action will aid or hinder the recovery of the listed species.
More than half of habitat for listed species is on non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations.
For instance, the San Bruno Habitat Conservation Plan/ Incidental Take Permit is good for 30 years and the Wal-Mart store (in Florida) permit expires after one year.
Because the permit is issued by a federal agency to a private party, it is a federal action—which means other federal laws can apply, such as the National Environmental Policy Act or NEPA.
The US Congress was urged to create the exemption by proponents of a conservation plan on San Bruno Mountain, California that was drafted in the early 1980s and is the first HCP in the nation.
The FWS will then assure that if, in the future the unlisted species becomes listed, the landowner will not be required to do more than already agreed upon in the CCA.
The Experimental Population Provision encourages introductions of species into formerly occupied or new habitat without the full range of legal restrictions for endangered species.
To delist species, several factors are considered: the threats are eliminated or controlled, population size and growth, and the stability of habitat quality and quantity.
Also, over a dozen species have been delisted due to inaccurate data putting them on the list in the first place.
Two examples of animal species recently delisted are: the Virginia northern flying squirrel (subspecies) on August, 2008, which had been listed since 1985, and the gray wolf (Northern Rocky Mountain DPS).
As of January 2019, eighty-five species have been delisted; fifty-four due to recovery, eleven due to extinction, seven due to changes in taxonomic classification practices, six due to discovery of new populations, five due to an error in the listing rule, one due to erroneous data and one due to an amendment to the Endangered Species Act specifically requiring the species delisting.
Some have argued that the recovery of DDT-threatened species such as the bald eagle, brown pelican and peregrine falcon should be attributed to the 1972 ban on DDT by the EPA.
However, the listing of these species as endangered led to many non-DDT oriented actions that were taken under the Endangered Species Act (i.e.
Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants.
One example of such perverse incentives is the case of a forest owner who, in response to ESA listing of the red-cockaded woodpecker, increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat.
While no studies have shown that the Act's negative effects, in total, exceed the positive effects, many economists believe that finding a way to reduce such perverse incentives would lead to more effective protection of endangered species.
According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade.
Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these animals to be sold to roadside zoos and private collectors.
Not only had they found documentation that 151 of these primates had inadvertently made their way from the Harvard-affiliated New England Regional Primate Research Center into the exotic pet trade through the aforementioned loophole, but in October 1976, over 800 cotton-top tamarins were imported into the United States in order to beat the official listing of the species under the ESA.
Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for development of programs for management of threatened and endangered species by state wildlife agencies.
These state lists often include species which are considered endangered or threatened within a specific state but not within all states, and which therefore are not included on the national list of endangered and threatened species.
The penalties for these violations can be a maximum fine of up to $50,000 or imprisonment for one year, or both, and civil penalties of up to $25,000 per violation may be assessed.
One provision of this law is that no penalty may be imposed if, by a preponderance of the evidence that the act was in self-defense.
In addition to fines or imprisonment, a license, permit, or other agreement issued by a federal agency that authorized an individual to import or export fish, wildlife, or plants may be revoked, suspended or modified.
Any federal hunting or fishing permits that were issued to a person who violates the ESA can be canceled or suspended for up to a year.
A reward will be paid to any person who furnishes information which leads to an arrest, conviction, or revocation of a license, so long as they are not a local, state, or federal employee in the performance of official duties.
If the balance ever exceeds $500,000 the Secretary of the Treasury is required to deposit an amount equal to the excess into the cooperative endangered species conservation fund.
In August 2019, the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service, under the auspices of the Trump Administration, finalized unprecedented changes in the ESA which weakens protections for endangered species and their habitats, which the Administration justifies by asserting that it is lifting burdensome regulations on business and increasing transparency for decisions on which species need protection.
The maximum length recorded for the California sea hare is when crawling and thus fully extended, although most adult specimens are half this size or smaller.
Aplysia has a generation time of 19 weeks: Day 1-37 after hatching from the egg planktonic stage, day 34-37 Metamorphic stage, day 45-80 juvenile stage (35 days in total).
The genital aperture lies at the anterior end of the mantle cavity, a seminal grove arises from it and runs forward to the penis, at the base of the anterior tentacle.
Coupling lasts for hours or sometimes for days, although the actual passage of the sperm may take only a few minutes.
Egg laying normally has to be triggered by copulation, but it occurs spontaneously in individuals kept in isolation for up to 3–4 months (typically these eggs are unfertilized).
An individual animal weighing 2,600g was recorded to have laid about 500 million eggs at 27 separate times during less than five months.
When it is considerably disturbed, the sea hare is capable of releasing two different kinds of ink from different locations within its mantle cavity, much in the way an octopus does.
One ink is reddish-purple and comes from what is called the purple ink gland, while the other is milky white, comes from what is called the opaline gland, and contains the aversive chemical opaline.
Inking provides protection from spiny lobsters, a major predator of sea hares, by means of three mechanisms: chemical deterrence, sensory disruption, and phagomimicry.
The typical defence response of the sea hare to a predator is the release of chemicals such as free amino acids, ink from the ink gland and opaline from the opaline gland.
Ink creates a dark, diffuse cloud in the water that disrupts the sensory perception of the predator by acting as a smoke screen and as a decoy.
The opaline, which affects the senses dealing with feeding, causes the predator to instinctively attack the cloud of chemicals as if it were indeed food.
Its ubiquity in synaptic plasticity studies can be attributed to its simple nervous system, consisting of just 20,000 large, easily identified neurons with cell bodies up to 1 mm in size.
It was suggested that Australia order a from the United Kingdom (the Royal Navy having ordered three ships of the design), as the backlog of Navy construction in Australian dockyards would prevent an Australian-built tanker from entering service until at least the late 1950s.
The tanker was to be the first ship of a post-war Royal Australian Fleet Auxiliary, would be manned by merchant seafarers to reduce demand on RAN service personnel, and would reduce the RAN's dependency on foreign fuel suppliers.
The acquisition was approved by the Defence Committee and the Cabinet of Australia in August 1951, with the order placed by the end of the year.
However, financial difficulties and a manpower shortage meant that the RAN could not operate the ship, and efforts to find a merchant operator were unsuccessful.
Her service under Admiralty control included various charter periods, including two years (1956–58) when she was employed at the Admiralty's discretion, operating in direct payment of a debt incurred for the taking over of Shell Tankers Ltd building berths.
In 1962, the ship was purchased by Australia and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy on 15 August 1962, under her original name.
The Squadron, which included HMA Ships , , , , and spent two months in the Indian Ocean as part of a flag-showing cruise; the largest RAN deployment since World War II.
Peter McGill (August 1789 – September 28, 1860) was a Scots-Quebecer businessman who served as the second mayor of Montreal, Canada East from 1840 to 1842.
McGill held a seat in the Legislative Council of Lower Canada from 1832 to 1837, the Special Council of Lower Canada from 1838 to 1841, and the Legislative Council of the United Provinces from 1841 to 1860.
It is he, rather than James McGill, who is depicted in the stained-glass mural in the McGill station of the Montreal metro, even though the station is named for its proximity to McGill University.
The leaves are needle-like, 2.5–5 cm long, have ciliate (hairy) margins when young, and grow around the stems in a spiral pattern.
Component coverage areas include CPUs, motherboards, core-logic chipsets, memory, videocards, mechanical hard drives, solid-state drives, optical drives, cases, component cooling, and anything else to do with recent tech news.
This archive currently reaches back to the December, 2003 issue although nothing new has been published since the October 2014 issue.
The Bloc Québécois leadership election, 1996 was the leadership election to replace Lucien Bouchard after he left the Bloc Québécois to become Premier of Quebec.
The Bloc Québécois leadership election, 1997 was the leadership election that picked the new leader to replace Michel Gauthier as leader.
Gilles Duceppe resigned as party president and leader immediately after the 2011 federal election in which the Bloc lost 44 of its 47 seats including Duceppe's.
Daniel Paillé was declared the winner of the subsequent leadership election on December 11, 2011, defeating Maria Mourani on the second ballot with 61.28% of the vote.
Martine Ouellet, a member of the Quebec National Assembly and former Parti Québécois cabinet minister and leadership candidate was acclaimed BQ leader on March 18, 2017.
The Wireless Institute of Australia (WIA) was formed in 1910, and is the first and oldest national amateur radio society in the world.
The WIA today is a single integrated nation-wide body, but it commenced as separate though collegiate state-based bodies and throughout most of its history was a federation of these state bodies.
The ITU World Radio Conference is being held this year and the WIA is sending two volunteers - a non trivial expense.
The International Telecommunication Union, originally the International Telegraph Union, is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies.
On 16 May 2004, the Annual General Meeting adopted a new constitution that established a national organisational structure (seven Directors with individual membership of persons in the national body) versus the former federal arrangement (membership held in state Divisions, and the Divisions having membership of the Federal body).
Under the ACMA deed 2009-2019. the testing utilised a system of accredited testers, and issued the authorisations for the ACMA to issue licences.
A new Deed of Agreement is now in place between the ACMA and the Australian Maritime College (AMC), to deliver amateur radio examinations, issue certificates and related callsign management.
The Wireless Institute Civil Emergency Network (WICEN) (pronounced 'Wy-sen') trains and rehearses amateur radio operators in amateur radio emergency communications for call-out in civil emergencies.
In most states, WICEN is organised by a committee of the WIA state organisation, but in New South Wales and Victoria, WICEN is separately incorporated.
WICEN has been activated for various emergencies, notably in recent years the Black Saturday bushfires on 7 February 2009 in Victoria.
Amateur radio operators in Australia participate in the Remembrance Day Contest on the weekend nearest Victory in the Pacific Day, 15 August.
The competition commemorates amateur radio operators who died during World War II and encourages friendly participation to help improve the operating skills of participants.
The contest runs for 24 hours, from 0300 UTC on the Saturday (formerly 0800), preceded by a broadcast including a speech by a dignitary or notable Australian (such as the Prime Minister of Australia, Governor-General of Australia, or a military leader) and the reading of the names of amateur radio operators who are known to have died.
It is organised by the WIA, with operators in each Australian state contacting operators in other states, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea.
A trophy is awarded to the state that can boast the greatest rate of participation, based on a formula including: number of operators, number of contacts made, and radio frequency bands used.
The first Australian callbook known to be published was in 1914, 4 years after the WIA was formed - with war-time gaps in publishing.
The call book lists the callsigns and contact details of all licensed Australian radio amateurs, together with a range of key information relevant to Australian amateur radio operators.
The licensee data is made available under exclusive arrangement with the regulator of the day (presently Australian Communications and Media Authority).
At young age, Emily showed interest in playing trombone, painting suspension bridges, as well as reading about science matters and rock climbing.
Although the two are not the same issue, free migration is similar in spirit to the concept of free trade, and both are advocated by free market economists on the grounds that economics is not a zero-sum game and that free markets are, in their opinion, the best way to create a fairer and balanced economic system, thereby increasing the overall economic benefits to all concerned parties.
Some free market economists believe that competition is the essence of a healthy economic system, and that any short-term negative impact on individual economic factors that is caused by free migration is more than justified by the prospects of long-term growth for the economy as a whole.
Once settled into refugee camps, these reluctant immigrants may take decades to be either repatriated back or naturalized into their new country.
This policy persists for Cubans and the Hmong, who are both allowed particular forms of free immigration to the United States based on their automatic refugee status.
All people regardless of citizenship are allowed to live and work in Svalbard without a visa or residence permit, as long as they demonstrate they are able to support themselves.
The existence of Buddhas and Mahasattvas'great beings' who have achieved a high level on the path to awakeninghave created various branches of belief like Mahayana Buddhism, which is a form of 'spiritual immigration'.
The intention of the pure land is to assure that the individual achieves their personal goals in lifethe betterment of oneself in order to reach nirvana.
Adherents believe that religious figures have travelled from an unpurified state to a purified state: Buddha traveled from his privileged life to a life of poverty to gain divinity and knowledge; therefore divine figures like Gautam Buddha viewed migration as purification.
The reasons to help those on the move were established in 1952 when leaders of the Roman Catholic Church published written material that reinforced the teachings of the church.
Other types of aid include spiritual companionship, ESL classes for those who want to learn to speak better English, basic hygiene, and food.
Before the Columbian exchange, there was an open border policy in the Americas that gave Native Americans access to travel freely and have open trade with other cultures.
In the 20th century, immigration policy solidified borders in America, but many Native Americans advocated free movement and hospitality towards strangers.
Most Native American groups have shown hospitality towards strangers, and guests are given gifts from the host, which are known as 'give-aways'.
Hospitality to visitors and other members of one's community is a value of many Native Americans groups, and they consider their belongings and other possessions as blessings.
The concept of borders and walls (both artificial and real) were not practised in pre-Columbian times when Native Americans inhabited present day Canada, Central Amaerica, Mexico, and the U.S.
Many nation states have agreed and disagreed on the topic of open borders and free migration, with some countries allowing people to travel freely from country to country and state to state without the risk of deportation or punishment.
Wolff and De-Shalit’s state that the use of law and ethics is a positive factor in the debate over free migration.
The debate of free migration does not apply to a specific country but extends beyond, and continues on to a broader spectrum for introducing a freedom of movement amongst all people, for all countries.
However, this concept is especially significant to the places that experience the most migration-including both host and receiving countries or states.
Free migration is not limited to a certain time period, but has been more relevant and controversial in recent years, especially in the United States.
The topic of free migration is not a matter to be only exclusively debated amongst national governments of varying nations, but a worldwide discussion for all people of all nations on the debate of open borders and free migration.
In that case, nations and people from all over the world can learn from each other where everyone is involved in the attempt to come to a just conclusion and solution to the problems surrounding both immigration and free migration alike.
Free Migration has been slowly restricted throughout recent history due to the inevitable progression of society, causing more independent societies to create tighter laws, policies, and regulations concerning immigration.
With nations closing themselves off and shutting their borders from non-residents, it is difficult for free migration to become secure, as well as having members of society prioritize an institutional issue such as this.
Immigration officers and agents must maintain a code of conduct based on policy to provide equal treatment to any and all immigrants.
Officers must put their political views behind them and revert to policy law; leaving behind their personal moral conflicts and ethics to abide by law and policy.
Although there is not a necessary definition for something considered to be morally, ethically, or legally accepted in a society, everyone has an individual connection to what may be considered good for society and what may be considered bad for society.
Other countries, through United Nations consensus, allow a minimum two year system for refugee relocation, with other countries such as Canada and Switzerland operating within a four year system.
According to John Kennan’s (2012) data simulations (collected in multiple countries to simulate the effects of open borders), there would be large economic gains between Mexico and the United States of America through the implementation of open borders.
Liberal economic reasoning advocates for open borders to prevent economic inequality between countries where country A is more efficient than country B due to restrictions on immigration creating production efficiency gaps between the two countries.
These gains are expressed through the economic and labor growth in the country along with economic gain for foreign and resident workers in that country.
Economic simulations show that migration lowers the real wage for both countries receiving and sending immigrants; however, the effect of this decrease is based on the goods and services consumed by an individual.
Yoruba slaves carried with them various religious customs, including a trance and divination system for communicating with their ancestors and spirits, animal sacrifice, and sacred drumming and dance.
The religion grew popular among slaves because it was a way for Yoruba slaves to maintain their culture and express independence.
Numerous terreiros of the Ketu branch of Candomblé have received historic status and government protection from the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN).
Ilê Axé Iyá Nassô Oká in Salvador was the first non-Roman Catholic and first Afro-Brazilian religious place of worship to receive protected heritage status in Brazil.
Storytelling is expected to be done in a clear and precise way in order to be passed down to further generations.
Animals are seen as sacred, so they are often sacrificed as a way to transfer energy between nature, humans, and the Orisha.
Nickel Creek (formerly known as the Nickel Creek Band) is an American Americana music group consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin), and siblings Sara Watkins (fiddle) and Sean Watkins (guitar).
The band broke out in 2000 with a platinum-selling self-titled album produced by Alison Krauss, earning a number of Grammy and CMA nominations.
Following numerous solo projects from the band members, Nickel Creek reformed in 2014 with announcement of a new album and subsequent tour.
The Watkins and Thile families met after Sean Watkins and Chris Thile had mandolin lessons with the same music instructor, John Moore.
Nickel Creek's first performance was at That Pizza Place in Carlsbad, California in 1989 with Scott Thile, Chris's father, playing string bass.
At the start of Nickel Creek's history, Chris Thile played guitar and Sean Watkins played mandolin but later they decided to switch instruments.
During their 2002 and 2003 tour, Nickel Creek opened five shows for John Mayer in November 2002, and toured with Gillian Welch and David Rawlings earlier in the year.
In the summer of 2006, Nickel Creek appeared at numerous music festivals, including Bonnaroo, High Sierra Music Festival, Austin City Limits, SXSW, Lollapalooza and Star Fest.
The tour featured guest appearances by Glen Phillips, Jon Brion, Fiona Apple, Bruce Molsky, Bela Fleck, Tom Brosseau and Tift Merritt, among others.
All of the first group and some of the second group of the class were completed before the outbreak of World War I.
The class primarily served in the North Sea and the Baltic, while some served with Russian ships in Russian coastal waters before their crews scuttled the submarines to avoid them falling into the hands of the Communists, who were fighting to take control of Russia.
The anti-twister or antitwister mechanism is a method of connecting a flexible link between two objects, one of which is rotating with respect to the other, in a way that prevents the link from becoming twisted.
This mechanism is intended as an alternative to the usual method of supplying electric power to a rotating device, the use of slip rings.
The slip rings are attached to one part of the machine, and a set of fine metal brushes are attached to the other part.
The brushes are kept in sliding contact with the slip rings, providing an electrical path between the two parts while allowing the parts to rotate about each other.
Whereas with large devices minor fluctuations in the power provided through the brush mechanism are inconsequential, in the case of tiny electronic components, the brushing introduces unacceptable levels of noise in the stream of power supplied.
As the disk rotates the plane of this cable is rotated at exactly half the rate of the disk so the cable experiences no net twisting.
What makes the device possible is the peculiar connectivity of the space of 3D rotations, as discovered by P. A. M. Dirac and illustrated in his Plate trick (also known as the string trick or belt trick).
He was deputy director of the Canadian Yearbook of International Law from 1963 to 1973 and founded the Quebec Journal of International Law in 1984.
He failed to win a seat in Bourassa in the 1970 Quebec provincial election, but did win a seat in the riding of Sauve in the 1973 election.
Since party leader René Lévesque had not won a seat in the 1973 election, Morin became leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly until the 1976 election, which the PQ won.
As a member of René Lévesque government, he was appointed successively Minister of Education (1976-1981), Cultural and Scientific Development (1981-1982) and Intergovernmental Affairs (1982-1984).
The 2000 UEFA European Football Championship, also known as Euro 2000, was the 11th UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and organised by UEFA, association football's governing body in Europe.
The finals of Euro 2000 were co-hosted (the first time this happened) by Belgium and the Netherlands, between 10 June and 2 July 2000.
With the exception of the national teams of the hosts, Belgium and the Netherlands, the finalists had to go through a qualifying round to reach the final stage.
The finals saw the first major UEFA competition contested in the King Baudouin Stadium (formerly the Heysel Stadium) since the events of the 1985 European Cup Final and the Heysel Stadium disaster, with the opening game being played in the rebuilt stadium.
A high-scoring tournament with many exciting matches and a very high standard of play, Euro 2000 is often named by football writers as one of the greatest international tournaments ever.
Belgium and the Netherlands were selected as co-hosts on 14 July 1995 by the UEFA Executive Committee at a meeting in Geneva, Switzerland.
Football hooliganism was a significant problem in the Netherlands in the 1990s, especially the fierce rivalry between AFC Ajax and Feyenoord.
Many instances of violence occurred, including several football riots in Rotterdam between 1995 and 1999, which would host the Euro 2000 final.
Although the violence is normally associated with domestic clubs, there were concerns that it could attach to the Dutch national team.
On 17 June, 174 England fans were arrested in Brussels, Belgium, following violence with Germans ahead of an England v Germany match.
One of the biggest surprises of the tournament was Portugal, winning Group A with three wins, including a 3–0 win against Germany, with Sérgio Conceição scoring a hat-trick, and a 3–2 win over England, in which they came back from 2–0 down.
Belgium had a surprise exit in the group stage, winning the tournament's first game against Sweden, but losing to Turkey and Italy.
Also in Group D, Denmark's three losses with eight goals conceded and none scored set a new record for the worst team performance in the group stages of a Euros.
Italy and Portugal maintained their perfect records in the quarter-finals, beating Romania and Turkey, respectively, and the Netherlands started a goal-avalanche against FR Yugoslavia, winning 6–1.
Italian goalkeeper Francesco Toldo, who had been drafted into the starting XI as Gianluigi Buffon missed the tournament through injury, made two saves in the penalty shootout (in addition to his penalty save in normal time) to carry the Italians to the final.
Several Portuguese players challenged the awarding of the penalty for a handball and were given lengthy suspensions for shoving the referee.
France won the tournament, defeating Italy 2–1 in the final with a golden goal by David Trezeguet after equalising with a last-minute goal, and became the first team to win the European championship while being world champion.
Prior to the draw, the seeded teams in Pot 1 were assigned positions: Germany (defending champion) to A1, Belgium (co-host) to B1, Spain (highest coefficient) to C1, and the Netherlands (co-host) to D1.
Teams were drawn consecutively from Pots 2 to 4 into a group, with each team then being assigned a specific position (for the purposes of determining the match schedules in each group).
Capacity figures are those for matches at UEFA Euro 2000 and are not necessarily the total capacity that the stadium is capable of holding.
On 15 February 2000, UEFA appointed 12 referees, 16 assistant referees and four fourth officials for the competition, including a referee and an assistant referee from the Confederation of African Football.
The event saw assistant referees being allowed to intervene an ongoing game, in particular to help the match official apply the 10-metre rule when deciding free-kicks – as well as warn the referee instantly if he had booked or ejected the wrong player, something that was not possible in previous tournaments.
Also, fourth officials were given a larger role in assisting to take command of the match if any decisions are gone unnoticed by the referee or an assistant referee.
The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progress to the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated.
Any game that was undecided by the end of the regular 90 minutes, was followed by up to thirty minutes of extra time.
For the second time the golden goal system was applied, whereby the first team to score during the extra time would become the winner.
On 9 July 2000, UEFA refused to hand FR Yugoslavia their prize money of CHF7.8 million, because of alleged ties between the Football Association of FR Yugoslavia and Slobodan Milošević's government.
Adidas Terrestra Silverstream was unveiled as the official match ball of the competition on 13 December 1999 at Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, Anderlecht's home arena by Alessandro Del Piero, Edwin van der Sar, Zinedine Zidane and Luc Nilis.
Canadian Alliance leadership votes were conducted via a pure one member, one vote system in which each party member cast a ballot with equal weight.
In the CA's system, the leader was the candidate who received 50% plus one of all votes cast (i.e., an absolute majority).
If no candidate had an absolute majority on the first ballot, the top two candidates participated in a run-off election several weeks after the first ballot.
Stockwell Day: 49, Progressive Conservative Treasurer of Alberta (since 1997), Alberta Minister of Social Services (1996-1997) Alberta Minister of Labour (1992-1996), MLA for Red Deer North (since 1986), and former assistant pastor and school administrator at the Bentley Christian Centre in Bentley, Alberta.
Preston Manning: 58, founder and leader of the Reform Party of Canada (1987-2000), Member of Parliament for Calgary Southwest, Alberta (since 1993), Leader of the Opposition (1997-2000).
Tom Long:, 42, lawyer, former president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (1986-1989), chair of Ontario PC election campaigns in 1995 and 1999, co-chair of Canadian Alliance founding convention.
Stephen Harper: 43, President of the National Citizens Coalition (1998-2002); Reform Party Member of Parliament, 1993-1997, for Calgary West, Alberta (1993-1997), Reform Party Critic for Intergovernmental Affairs (1994-1997), and Finance (1995-1996).
Stockwell Day: 51, leader of the Canadian Alliance (2000-2001), Member of Parliament for Okanagan—Coquihalla, British Columbia (since 2000); former Alberta cabinet minister and MLA; agreed to resign and recontest the Canadian Alliance leadership following a caucus revolt.
Diane Ablonczy: 52, lawyer, Opposition Critic for Human Resources Development, Member of Parliament for Calgary North (1993-1997), then Calgary—Nose Hill, Alberta (since 1997).
Grant Hill: 58, medical doctor, Opposition Critic for Intergovernmental Affairs, former Critic for Health (1994-1999), Member of Parliament for Macleod, Alberta (since 1993).
During the early campaign, Toronto drag queen Enza Anderson also declared her candidacy for the leadership, although she dropped her bid before the official registration deadline.
On December 19, 1834, the English of Lower Canada established the Saint George's Society of Montreal and the Saint George's Society of Quebec on October 12, 1835.
The society adopted the Carillon Sacré-Coeur flag in the 19th century and its association with the flag was made quasi-official by the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in 1926.
It was the model for the Flag of Quebec and inspired Quebec politician René Chaloult, one of the designers of the Quebec flag.
Although similar societies also existed in other parts of British North America or the United States, the societies of Lower Canada were created in a different context.
The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society was established to promote French-Canadian interests within Canada and to preserve the French language and culture, as well as the Roman Catholic religion.
The society was instrumental in the creation of the École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal, the École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal, the Monument-National, and the Société nationale de fiducie.
The society has also created many organizations to assist in its mission -- notably La Fondation du Prêt d'Honneur (1944) and the Fondation J.-Donat-Langelier (1988).
The leaf and anthem have since been appropriated by English Canada as national Canadian symbols (a bilingual version of the song eventually became the national anthem of Canada in 1980), and are now seen as inimical to the ideas of the SSJB and many Quebec nationalists.
The society had local branches in all the major French-Canadian communities in Quebec, the other Canadian provinces, and the United States.
When it was created, the French-speaking inhabitants of Canada constituted the only large group wishing to see Canada become an independent country from the British Empire.
The group, however, was not anti-royalist; for instance, the society's President in 1959 requested, with the support of the Mayor of Quebec City, that Elizabeth II, Canada's queen, light the main bonfire on the eve of Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day; though the petition was rejected by Howard Graham, the Queen's Canadian Secretary at the time.
During the 20th century, the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society focused its action in Quebec and it is now a proponent of the independence of Quebec from Canada.
Guy Chevrette (born January 10, 1940 in Saint-Come, Quebec) served as Parti Québécois leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Quebec, Canada, from 1987 to 1989.
In 1988, the PQ elected a new leader, Jacques Parizeau, however Parizeau was not sitting in the National Assembly since he had resigned in 1984.
After the PQ won the 1994 election, Chevrette served in various ministerial posts in the cabinet in the governments of Parizeau, Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry.
The family Achatinidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
He is one of seven siblings born to Walter Odenkirk, who was employed in the printing business, and Barbara Odenkirk, Roman Catholics of Irish, German, and Dutch descent.
Working alongside Robert Smigel and Conan O'Brien, he contributed to many sketches they created, but felt uncertain of the efficacy of his own writing at the show.
The series featured a number of comedians in the early stages of their careers, including Sarah Silverman, Paul F. Tompkins, Jack Black, Tom Kenny, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Brian Posehn and Scott Aukerman.
However, the studio took production control away from Cross and Odenkirk during the editing stages, and the pair disowned the final product.
He appeared as a guest star in three episodes of the second season, and eventually became a series regular for the seasons after and remained on the show until its final season.
The first season consists of 10, 47 minute-long episodes, with a second and third season of 10 episodes following in early 2016 and 2017 respectively.
Odenkirk has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for each of the series four seasons.
The series was commissioned by Netflix with the first season having been released in November 2015, featuring four, 30 minute-long episodes along with an hour-long behind the scenes special.
The Anglo-Chinese School (ACS), is a family of Methodist schools in Singapore and Indonesia founded in 1886 by Bishop William Fitzjames Oldham as an extension of the Methodist Church.
Founded on March 1, 1886 by Bishop William Fitzjames Oldham as an extension of the Methodist Church, the school's first location was a shophouse at 70 Amoy Street, Singapore with a total of 13 pupils.
The school opened again in 1946, a year after the Japanese surrender, once the buildings at Cairnhill and Coleman Street had been made safe following damage sustained during the war.
The pre-war principal, T. W. Hinch, who had been interned by the Japanese during the occupation and had been sent back to England to recover, returned to the school in June 1946.
During his tenure, both the Cairnhill and Barker Road premises expanded, in the latter's case through the building of Lee Hall, a three-storey building housing twelve classrooms and four laboratories.
The school completed the construction of the sports complex at Barker Road in 1970, with an Olympic-sized swimming pool (the first in all the schools in Singapore) and a sports hall.
In 1977, pre-university classes shifted to the newly constructed Anglo-Chinese Junior College at 25 Dover Close East, off North Buona Vista Road, leaving the Barker Road site for the secondary and junior schools.
New regulations allowed schools access to private funding and subjected them to less government regulation in the content of their curricula.
At the same time, the Anglo-Chinese Primary School abandoned its Coleman Street premises (the old building now housing the National Archives of Singapore) to share premises with the new secondary school at Barker Road, now named ACS (Barker Road).
Complete rebuilding of the Barker Road campus took place in the late 1990s, with ACS (Barker Road) temporarily relocating during the project.
The school ultimately split into primary and secondary school sections, the latter retaining the Barker Road suffix and the former becoming ACS (Primary).
On 4December 2002, the two schools, ACS Oldham Hall, the Methodist Church in Singapore and the Barker Road Methodist Church moved back to the newly built campus at Barker Road.
Its students take the International General Certificate of Secondary Education in their fourth year, then go on to take a two-year International Baccalaureate diploma from 2007 onwards.
ACS(I) was officially authorised by the International Baccalaureate Organisation to offer the IB Diploma Programme in January 2006. and is recognised as an IB World School.
ACS Jakarta formally joined the ACS family in July 2006 as Sekolah Tiara Bangsa - ACS (International) Jakarta until an official name change in 2015.
It is a co-ed school for students from Kindergarten to Grade 12 offering the Cambridge Primary Checkpoint at Grade 6, the Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) at Grade 10 and either Cambridge International A Levels or the International Baccauaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) at Grade 12.
ACS (Junior) and ACS (Primary) are the primary schools while ACS (Barker Road), ACS (Independent), ACS (International) and ACJC provide secondary and post-secondary education.
ACS Jakarta is the only ACS school outside of Singapore and offers classes to boys and girls from Grades 1 to 12.
The boarding facility soon expanded and moved into larger and larger houses, first into Bellevue's Oldham Lane, then to Dunearn House at Barker Road.
In 1986, when ACS celebrated its centennial year, the boarding school known as Oldham Hall moved into new premises within the ACS Barker Road campus.
It moved back to the rebuilt premises in December 2002 and became ACS Oldham Hall to emphasise its roots as a strong and vibrant member of the ACS family.
Anglo-Chinese School is considered one of the most prestigious schools in Singapore because of its long history and the number of its graduates who have gone on to be successful in business as well as professional fields such as law and medicine.
Although morally conservative due to its religious roots, the school has a reputation in producing students with a strong background in the English language.
The ACS alumni network is also strong and close networking between ACS students after they leave the school enhance the school's reputation.
Placed in chief azure above the three letters of the school name is a golden creature with a lion's head, eagle's wings and a dragon's body with claws, representing the school's founding at a time when Singapore was still a British colony, by an American Methodist mission during the Qing Dynasty in China.
In addition to the school name, the letters ACS are also variously said to spell out Academic achievements, Christian Character, and Sportsmanship or Service beyond self.
Anglo-Chinese family of schools have received annual school awards given out by the Ministry of Education of Singapore, ACS (Independent) has achieved the Singapore Quality Award, all four Best Practice Awards, School Distinction and School Excellence Awards.
ACS (Junior), ACS (Independent), ACJC, ACS (Primary), and ACS (Barker) have all won multiple national championships in the international Odyssey of the Mind (OM) Competition, and have represented Singapore at the World Finals since 1998.
The ACS schools have a combined tally of more than 40 titles at the National Finals, and 13 trophies and four honourable mentions from the World Finals.
The next year, ACS (Junior) followed suit, winning the Ranatra Fusca trophy at the World Finals, the top creativity award only given out to five teams at every competition.
In 2005, ACS (Independent) broke the national record by winning five Champion titles at the National Finals, becoming the first team to have achieved it.
At the World Finals, ACJC brought back Singapore's first Division III (Under-20) World Champions trophy, while ACS (Independent) again emerged as Under-15 World Champions and Under-20 Silver Winners.
ACS (Independent)'s first-ever Year 5 team, consisting of its pioneer batch of International Baccalaureate students, won the school's first Under-20 World Champions at the 2006 World finals.
The junior school won its first world champion title in the Under-13 category, ACS (Independent) won both World Champion titles in the Under-15 and Under-20 categories, while ACJC won the world champion title in the University category.
The team that achieved 1st place had taken part in OM for two years but this was the first time they had reached the world finals.
In 2003 they were beaten by Raffles Institution, an academic and sports rival, but the school won back the title in 2004.
ACS (Independent) also won the International Festival of Youth Rugby 2000 in Wales and the World Minis Under-13 and Under-14 Championships 2001 in South Africa.
In addition to the victories by ACS (Barker Road), ACS (Independent) and ACJC, the ACS Family completed the Rugby Grand Slams in 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2003.
Although Anglo Chinese Junior College's (ACJC) sailing programme has been discontinued, ACS (Barker Road), ACS (Junior) and ACS (Primary) have always been one of the top few secondary or primary schools in the field.
Since its inception into the Ministry of Education Choral Excellence Programme, the ACJC Choir has received both international and local accolades.
The choir has also participated in choral competitions in the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.
The choir remains the only Singaporean choir invited by the International Federation of Choral Music to represent the country at the 4th World Symposium on Choral Music.
In June 2008, the Anglo-Chinese Junior College Choir emerged as the only choir with three Gold medals at the 3rd Festa Choralis International Choir Competition in Bratislava, Slovakia.
As the only Asian choir at the competition, the ACJC Choir competed in the Mixed Choir (Adult), Youth Choir (up to 19 years old) and Folk Song Categories.
In all three categories, the ACJC Choir won gold medals with top marks and was the only choir in the competition whom the adjudicators accorded a perfect score of 100 points.
Under the leadership of its earlier conductor, Ms Grace Lo, the choir recorded a series of achievements in the 1980s and 1990s.
Since then, the choir has won a Gold Award at the Singapore Youth Festival in 2005 under its conductor Elaine Wan Chan, who also composed the NDP 2005 Theme Song.
The band started around 1966 as a brass band of 27 members and in time evolved into a full symphonic band with a membership of around 100, adding a pipe section in 1974.
In the Annual Band Competition, the band won the top award for concert performance for three successive years, 1974, 1975 and 1976 and also took out the top award for pattern display in 1974 and 1975.
The Anglo Chinese School (Junior) Concert Band began in 2002 with a membership of around 15 that has since grown to about 50.
The Band made its debut in the Central Judging of Concert Bands {also known as the Singapore Youth Festival] in 2006 where, under conductor Mr Wong Yew Hon, they were awarded a silver medal.
In 2007, the Band participated in the 18th Australian International Music Festival in Sydney and performed at the Sydney Opera House to a standing ovation.
In 2008, the Concert Band participated in the Beijing International Music Festival where they were accorded the highest marks for their performance.
They are conducted by Mr Ong Beng Choon and the band has won gold awards and been judged the top band for several Singapore Youth Festival Competitions.
These include the SYF Central judging in 2007 for concert bands whereby the band was one of the only three bands to be awarded a gold with honours.
The Anglo-Chinese Junior College Concert Band also participated in the 17th Australian International Music Festival where they received a gold as well as being selected as the adjudicator's choice for the command band of the festival.
Under the baton of music director Mr Francis Tan, the ACS (Independent) Symphonic Band finished in the top three at the 2005, 2007 and 2009 Singapore Youth Festivals, obtaining gold with honours, and the Gold Award at the Singapore International Band Festival in 2012,2014 and 2016, claiming the Champion Band award in 2016.
The ACS (Independent) Symphonic Band has also attained various awards in the Australian International Music Festival, Singapore International Band Festival, Hong Kong Winter Band Festival and National Band Competition.
The ACS (Independent) Philharmonic Orchestra also achieved gold in the SYF central judging for 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2011; two Gold with Honours awards in 2007, and a distinction under the new SYF Arts Presentation in 2013.
Since its inception in 2007, the ACJC Guitar Ensemble (ACGE) has obtained one gold with honours in 2007, one gold award in 2009 at the Singapore Youth Festival Central Judging for Instrument Ensembles and a Certificate of Distinction in 2013, under the revised awards scheme for the Singapore Youth Festival Art Presentations.
They organise two annual concerts - Glissando in May and A Christmas Story in December, to raise funds for their adopted charity, Club Rainbow.
The school's guitar orchestra achieved three gold awards in the SYF Central Judging competition for 2003, 2005, 2007 and one gold with honours in 2009.
The guitar orchestra is conducted by Mr Michael Gaspar, who is also a conductor for Junior Colleges such as Victoria Junior College.
The ACS (Barker Road) Chinese orchestra of achieved the Gold award in the SYF Central Judging Competition for 2005, 2007 and 2009.
ACS (Independent)'s Dance Venia, won the gold with honours award at the Singapore Youth Festival 2009 their first time participating in the event.
Under main choreographer Jennifer Pau and other guest choreographers, the club has put on performances at events including Festival of Arts 2008, 2009 and 2010, as well as competed in various competitions including DanceWorks 2010.
ACS (Barker Road)'s dance group won the Gold and at the Singapore Youth Festival 2011 and achieved a distinction in 2013.
The group participated in DanceWorks 2010, 2011,2012 and 2013, achieving the second position in 2011, the third position in 2010 and 2012 and champions in 2013.
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road) first formed their dance team in 2003 and subsequently won gold in the Singapore Youth Festival for that year.
ACS (Independent) won the Singapore Secondary Schools Debating Championships (SSSDC) Division I title in 2005 and 2013, and was also crowned National Secondary School Debating Champions in 1998 in the pre-SSSDC era.
In chess, the school has won numerous national titles, including those in the open-age categories and gold awards at the 2004 South-East Asian (SEA) Games.
Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) was separated from the secondary classes in 1928 and was located at Coleman Street while the secondary classes moved to the new building at Cairnhill.
In 1957, ACPS in Coleman Street catered to pupils from Primary 1 to 3 while Primary 4 to 6 classes remained known as ACJS.
In 1961, leaving the Barker Road campus to be used for secondary and pre-university classes, Mr Lau Hee Boon became the first autonomous principal of ACPS with pupils from Primary 1 to 6, incorporating the Oldham Methodist Primary School with classes from Primary 1 to 6 in the afternoon.
At the end of 1984, the junior school moved to 25 Peck Hay Road, while the primary school continued lessons at Canning Rise until 1994.
It merged with the Barker Road school in that year, but in December 1998 relocated temporarily to 9 Ah Hood Road while waiting for the completion of the Barker Road campus rebuilding project.
The school's students sit for the local PSLE in primary class six and have the option to move on to the ACS Secondary Schools with affiliation favours.
Established in 1951 at the old Coleman Street campus, it moved to its former premises at 25 Peck Hay Road at the end of 1984.
Its students sit for the local PSLE in primary class six and have the option to move on to the ACS Secondary Schools with affiliation favours.
After receiving its independent status, the school had outgrown the Barker Road campus and plans were made to construct a new building.
ACS (Independent) offers an integrated programme of GCE 'O' Levels and the International Baccalaureate, after its appointment as an IB World School in 2005.
The school is divided into primary and secondary sections, the latter retaining the Barker Road suffix and the former becoming ACS (Primary).
Anglo-Chinese School (International) is a private school where students take a six-year course, with the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) in the fourth year and the International Baccalaureate in the sixth year from 2007 onwards.
The school opened in January 2005 with 150 students and is located in Holland Village on the former premises of the now defunct Buona Vista Secondary School at 61 Jalan Hitam Manis.
The school's previous principals include the Rev John Barrett, (former principal of The Leys School, Cambridge, UK, and chair of the World Methodist Council), and P. Kerr Fulton-Peebles.
Anglo-Chinese Junior College opened in 1977 and offers a standard two-year pre-university program similar to other junior colleges, with students taking GCE A-Levels in their second year.
ACS Jakarta began in July 1996 as Sekolah Tiara Bangsa (STB) before formally joining the ACS Family as STB-ACS (International) Jakarta in July 2006 following a number of years of collaboration.
Students in Grades 16 follow the syllabus prescribed by the Cambridge Primary Checkpoint Programme, while Grade 10 students sit for the IGCSE after beginning their preparation in Grade 9.
Mr Forde continues to be the chairperson of the Association of National Plus Schools (ANPS) in Indonesia, of which the school is a member.
The Anglo-Chinese School has produced many notable alumni; there are currently more cabinet ministers from ACS than from any other school.
The company marketed and distributed Xango juice, a blended juice product consisting of mangosteen and other juices, and skin care, personal care, energy supplement and nutritional supplement products.
The company was warned in 2006 by the FDA for illegally marketing more than 20 human health benefits for Xango juice.
Company press releases in 2005-2006 stated that sales totaled $40 million in 2003 and $150 million in 2004, and that 2005 sales were more than twice those of 2004.
In October 2007 the company said that cumulative sales since its inception five years earlier were over $1 billion and by November 2008 had exceeded $1.5 billion.
In November 2006, Xango, LLC, became the official corporate jersey-front sponsor of Real Salt Lake, a MLS soccer team based in Salt Lake City, Utah, for four years, at a cost of between $500,000 and $1 million per year.
Xango, LLC, has been the top contributor to the political campaign of Utah Senator Orrin Hatch, contributing $47,200 in 2008 and $46,700 in 2006, according to the Center for Responsive Politics.
Xango Juice is sold in the U.S. and (as of late-2011) exported to Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
The company's business model is direct sales via multi-level marketing rather than retail sales, mainly using a nine-level multi-level marketing structure.
In July 2007, it said it had about 700,000 distributors, of whom an estimated 70 percent simply use their status to buy the juice at the discounted membership price.
Xango also sells various dietary supplements including 3SIXTY5 and 3SIXTY5 for Kids multivitamins; Precis Men's Health, Omega-3, and Rest & Renew; Favao weight control products (body cleanse, fiber, and various protein supplements) -- which, according to the company, include mangosteen components as ingredients—and Eleviv capsules, which contain four herbal ingredients.
Xango Juice is a blend of mangosteen aril and pericarp purée with juice concentrates of eight other fruits: apple, pear (juice and purée), grape, blueberry, raspberry, strawberry, cranberry and cherry.
Associated Press commissioned the Linus Pauling Institute to measure the in vitro antioxidant strength of Xango Juice against retail fruit juices.
The antioxidant strength of XanGo Juice measured slightly higher than cranberry juice but lower than black cherry and less than half the value for blueberry juice.
However, the value of in vitro analysis of antioxidant strength is questionable, as there is no current evidence that antioxidant phytochemicals present in Xango or other fruit juices actually have functions inside the human body.
The measurements of antioxidant strength apply to test tubes, but consumed juices are affected by stomach acids that would neutralize or destroy antioxidant value preventing the same biological effects in vivo.
In 2002, Xango founders Aaron Garrity, Gordon Morton, and Joseph Morton (doing business as DBC, LLC) applied for a United States patent (#6730333) for Xango Juice; however the application was rejected by the United States Patent and Trademark Office on April 21, 2005.
On November 3, 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that the decision of a patent appeals board to deny Xango's patent application would still stand.
The American Cancer Society profile of mangosteen juice states there is no reliable evidence that mangosteen juice, purée, or bark is effective as a cancer treatment in humans.
In 2007, the Mayo Clinic stated there was laboratory evidence that mangosteen xanthones had anti-inflammatory activity, but there was no evidence demonstrating such anti-inflammatory effects in humans.
On September 20, 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued a Warning Letter to Xango LLC International in response to the company's promotion of Xango Juice as an aid to treat and/or cure various diseases.
The agency's letter warned that Xango Juice had not been properly tested for safety and efficacy, and as a proposed new drug, it could not be legally sold in the U.S. without prior approval of the FDA.
Under FDA drug labeling rules, Xango, as manufacturer, is responsible for satisfying scientific criteria to make health claims on its product labels and all marketing materials.
A 2008 medical case report described a patient with severe acidosis possibly attributable to a year of daily use (to lose weight, dose not described) of mangosteen juice (brand not described) infused with xanthonoids, as occurs in the manufacture of XanGo juice.
The authors proposed that chronic exposure to alpha-mangostin, a xanthone, could be toxic to mitochondrial function, leading to impairment of cellular respiration and production of lactic acidosis.
In 2011 Italy's antitrust and consumer protection authority, the AGCM, suspended the activities of Xango in response to over-broad health claims, as well as possible violations of pyramid scheme laws.
Tahitian Noni International (TNI), a rival MLM beverage company, sued Xango, LLC, and several of its top executives in February 2003 in the 4th District Court in Provo, Utah, alleging that Xango executives stole TNI's concept for a mangosteen-based supplement while they were employed by TNI's parent-company.
In 2009 The State of Utah's Supreme Court gave the green light to a XanGo investor to proceed with a suit that alleges corporate looting and mismanagement of millions of dollars by the Lehi supplements company's founders for their personal expenses including luxury cars and performance-enhancing medical treatments.
The Utah Supreme Court overturned a 4th District Court ruling that dismissed a lawsuit filed in 2007 by Angel Investors LLC alleging XanGo's founders took millions of dollars in personal loans from the company and paid themselves excessive salaries while wasting corporate assets.
In 2013 XanGo Founder Bryan Davis filed a lawsuit accusing his partners of spying, threatening employees, falsifying distributor positions to siphon off funds, defrauding on XanGo taxes and their personal taxes, falsifying records, changing credit card statements, charging as business expenses to purchase grand pianos, vacations, home renovations, landscaping, electronics, expensive bicycles, scooters, and for CEO Aaron Garrity, an open expense account for one mistress.
According to the lawsuit, Garrity embezzled hundreds of thousands of dollars in assets from the company, writing off clothing, medical enhancements, jewelry, event tickets, bicycles, electronics and chartered planes and vacations as business expenses.
Davis also alleges in the lawsuit that Garrity’s assistant, Andrea Waterfall, with whom he was in a relationship, had a company credit card that she used for personal expenses, and that Garrity sent in fraudulent expense reports.
The lawsuit further reports founders are alleged to have used XanGo employment and forced qualified distributor positions to siphon XanGo assets to family members and friends.
Davis alleges the founders conspired to give themselves illicit distributions through a tax fraud scheme and that the founders also formed various competing companies with XanGo assets.
The lawsuit further states that Garrity has also misused XanGo’s security department to retaliate against Davis, Angel, leaders and founders of competing MLMs and XanGo distributors and employee, according to the suit; Garrity allegedly asked Justin Barrett to use his access to law enforcement databases to find information on these individuals that was not on public record, which information Garrity could then use to his advantage.
He also requested that the XanGo Security Department obtain non-traceable wireless accounts for him for the purpose of online corporate intelligence gathering, dissemination of information and posting defamatory comments about competitors, distributors, employees and others.
The XanGo board’s attorney said the accusations are fabricated because Davis is attempting to extract an inflated buyout from them for his shares in the company.
Benevento said several months ago, the XanGo board offered Davis a separation agreement due to his ongoing failure to fulfill his responsibilities and that Davis has failed to show up for work yet still expects a regular paycheck.
Also in 2013 XanGo filed an action against Bryan Davis in the Third Judicial District Court (Utah and Salt Lake City) refuting Mr Davis claims in his lawsuit and claiming that Mr Davis was negligent in his duties.
She served as Liberal leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Quebec from May 1998 to December 1998 and Deputy Premier in 1994 and from 2003 to 2005.
Gagnon-Tremblay attended the Quirion Business School where she obtained a degree and added a bachelor's degree in arts at the Université Laval and a degree in law and notarial law at the Université de Sherbrooke.
At the end of the mandate, when Daniel Johnson, Jr. replaced Robert Bourassa as Quebec Premier in 1993, she was named the Minister of Finances, the Deputy Premier and the President of the Treasury Board until the Liberals lost to the Parti Québécois in the 1994 elections.
When former Liberal Premier and then leader of the Opposition Daniel Johnson, Jr. decided to quit politics in March 1998, Jean Charest resigned as leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party to replace Johnson as leader of the Quebec Liberal Party.
After the Liberals won the 2003 election, Gagnon-Tremblay became deputy premier from May 2003 to February 2005 in the Charest government, and has held various cabinet posts including minister of international relations as well as minister responsible for la francophonie.
Re-elected in the 2007 election, she was renamed the Minister of International Relations, La Francophonie and for the Estrie Region as well as the Vice-Chair of the Treasury Board.
Following her 2008 re-election, Gagnon-Tremblay gave up for portfolio of International Relations to Pierre Arcand but was given the position of President of the Treasury Board previously occupied by Monique Jerome-Forget who was also responsible for the portfolio of finances.
After a 2010 Cabinet shuffle, she returned as Minister of International Relations giving the Treasury Board position to former education Minister Michelle Courchesne.
The State University of New York at Potsdam (SUNY Potsdam or, colloquially, Potsdam) is a public college in the Potsdam, New York.
It is composed of the College of Arts & Sciences,the School of Business, the School of Education and Professional Studies, and the Crane School of Music.
In 1834, the academy was chosen by the New York State Legislature to exclusively offer a teacher education program for its senatorial district.
With funds from the state, and from support by preceptor Reverend Asa Brainerd, the first diploma in teaching was given in 1836, thus beginning the academy's and eventually the college's longstanding tradition of excellence in the field of teacher education.
In 1866, the State Legislature ended its funding of teacher education departments in private academies, and began establishing several normal schools throughout the state.
The Village of Potsdam was thus named as one of four locations for new normal schools, and in 1867, the St. Lawrence Academy became the Potsdam Normal School.
By 1886, the Potsdam Normal School had become the first institution in the United States to offer a normal training course for public school music teachers in the United States.
Founded by Julia E. Crane, the Crane Normal Institute of Music continues today as the world-renowned Crane School of Music as a leader in the field of music education.
The State University of New York was founded in 1948, and Potsdam became one of its founding members, and was thus renamed New York State Teachers College at Potsdam.
During the 1980s, despite the college's traditional strengths in music and education, the college gained recognition for its quickly blossoming mathematics program under the guidance of Clarence F. Stephens.
Known as the Potsdam Miracle, Stephens transformed a practically non-existent department to having the third largest number of mathematics majors of any institution in the United States during his tenure.
That was the biggest first-year class since 1982, and an 11.4 percent increase over the previous year's incoming freshman class, which had 835 students.
Barrington Drive runs through the center of the campus, with all academic buildings on the northwest side of the street, and all campus life and residence buildings on the southeast side.
The college has two libraries, the Frederick W. Crumb Memorial Library in the center of the academic quad, and the Crane Music Library in Schuette Hall at the Crane complex.
The college also has six performance facilities: Hosmer Hall, Snell Theatre, and Wakefield Recital Hall (three venues in The Crane School of Music), the Proscenium Theater, the Black Box Theater, and the Dance Theater (three venues in the college's new Performing Arts Center).
SUNY Potsdam is home to the Charles T. Weaver Anthropology Museum, a teaching museum that allows students to curate exhibitions and have hands on experience with the museum's collection.
Also on campus is the Art Museum at SUNY Potsdam, also known as the Gibson Gallery, which stresses its mission to connect students, faculty and all those on campus with visual art.
The affiliated non-profit organization that provides dining services and runs the union market and college bookstore on campus is known as PACES or Potsdam Auxiliary College Education Services.
This organization is the largest financial supporter of the college, annually donating significant portions of their proceeds back to the college in support of scholarships and other initiatives on campus.
In 1981 and 1986, under Hall of Fame Coach Jerry Welsh, the Potsdam Bears basketball team won the NCAA Division III National Championship.
The 1995-96 Men's Ice Hockey team won the hockey program's only SUNYAC title in school history, under Hall of Fame Coach Ed Seney.
SUNY Potsdam athletics were recently placed on NCAA probation due to an inadvertent error in the awarding of international student grants.
The teams affected by the NCAA probation are men's and women's hockey, women's volleyball, men's and women's lacrosse, and women's soccer.
Students can apply for ROTC scholarships to the university, and may commission as officers in the United States military upon graduation.
SUNY Potsdam is a partner school of the Golden Knight Battalion, one of 272 Army ROTC Battalions in the United States.
The headquarters for the Golden Knight Battalion is at 49 Elm St. in downtown Potsdam, where it has been for decades.
SUNY Potsdam has four a cappella groups on campus - The Potsdam Pointercounts (1993–Present), The A Sharp Arrangement (1994–Present), The Potsdam Pitches (2007–Present) and Stay Tuned (2012–Present).
Near Stuttgart, it lies at the headwaters of the Schwippe (a tributary of the river Würm), and is home to a Mercedes-Benz assembly plant.
Sindelfingen has an annual International Street Fair which features ethnic food and performances from the partner cities, as well as from various local ethnic clubs.
The factory was founded in 1915 by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft to produce aircraft engines, hence why the plant initially had a runway located onsite.
In 1926, the entire body shop of the new Daimler-Benz group was relocated to the Sindelfingen plant, allowing plant manager Wilhelm Friedle to introduce assembly line production the following year, and in 1929 the first press shop was opened.
By 1938 the plant employed about 6,500 people, and in the lead-in to World War II most production was aligned to military contracts, mainly trucks such as the LC 3000; passenger car production ceased by 1942.
Western European prisoners were initially housed in near-by boarding houses, but with the start of the Eastern front the local Nazi administration formed the co-located Riedmühle concentration camp, which from 1942 loaned workers to the company in return for payment to the Nazi Government in Berlin.
With heavy Allied bombing, the town and plant were not suitably reconstructed until late 1946, with resumed production of the Mercedes-Benz W136.
Two-shift production was introduced from 1950, with the relocation of final car assembly to the plant, meaning that by 1955 80,500 cars were manufactured.
The Mercedes-Benz W 116 was first produced in 1972, the first model of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, which the plant still produces today as the current model Mercedes-Benz W 222.
Until 2015, the plant was the top-producing Daimler AG plant, when with 319,000 vehicles manufactured it was overtaken by the Bremen plant with 324,000.
Today, covering 2,955,944 m² with a production area 1,305,557 m², the 37,000 people employed (April 2016 - around 10,000 are research and development), the plant still produces over 300,000 vehicles per year, around 15% of total Daimler Group vehicle production.
Second in production scale to Bremen in the Daimler Group, it is the third largest vehicle manufacturing plant in Germany, behind Volkswagen's Wolfsburg plant and the Audi plant at Ingolstadt.
Sindelfingen can be reached through the A8 and A81 motorways, and through the S-Bahn connections to Stuttgart or Herrenberg; the nearest airport is in Stuttgart.
tRNA does this by carrying an amino acid to the protein synthetic machinery of a cell (ribosome) as directed by a 3-nucleotide sequence (codon) in a messenger RNA (mRNA).
As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code.
While the specific nucleotide sequence of an mRNA specifies which amino acids are incorporated into the protein product of the gene from which the mRNA is transcribed, the role of tRNA is to specify which sequence from the genetic code corresponds to which amino acid.
On the other end of the tRNA is a covalent attachment to the amino acid that corresponds to the anticodon sequence.
Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, so each organism has many types of tRNA.
Because the genetic code contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid, there are several tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons which carry the same amino acid.
During protein synthesis, tRNAs with attached amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by proteins called elongation factors, which aid in association of the tRNA with the ribosome, synthesis of the new polypeptide, and translocation (movement) of the ribosome along the mRNA.
If the tRNA's anticodon matches the mRNA, another tRNA already bound to the ribosome transfers the growing polypeptide chain from its 3’ end to the amino acid attached to the 3’ end of the newly delivered tRNA, a reaction catalyzed by the ribosome.
The cloverleaf structure becomes the 3D L-shaped structure through coaxial stacking of the helices, which is a common RNA tertiary structure motif.
An anticodon is a unit made up of three nucleotides that correspond to the three bases of the codon on the mRNA.
Each tRNA contains a distinct anticodon triplet sequence that can form 3 complementary base pairs to one or more codons for an amino acid.
Frequently, the first nucleotide of the anticodon is one not found on mRNA: inosine, which can hydrogen bond to more than one base in the corresponding codon position.
In the genetic code, it is common for a single amino acid to be specified by all four third-position possibilities, or at least by both pyrimidines and purines; for example, the amino acid glycine is coded for by the codon sequences GGU, GGC, GGA, and GGG.
Per cell, 61 types of tRNA would be required to provide a one-to-one correspondence between tRNA molecules and codons that specify amino acids, as there are 61 sense codons of the standard genetic code.
However, many cells contain fewer than 61 types of tRNAs because the wobble base is capable of binding to several, though not necessarily all, of the codons that specify a particular amino acid.
There is normally a single aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for each amino acid, despite the fact that there can be more than one tRNA, and more than one anticodon for an amino acid.
Recognition of the appropriate tRNA by the synthetases is not mediated solely by the anticodon, and the acceptor stem often plays a prominent role.
This leads to charging of the tRNA by a chemically related amino acid, and by use of an enzyme or enzymes, the tRNA is modified to be correctly charged.
The ribosome has three binding sites for tRNA molecules that span the space between the two ribosomal subunits: the A (aminoacyl), P (peptidyl), and E (exit) sites.
In addition, the ribosome has two other sites for tRNA binding that are used during mRNA decoding or during the initiation of protein synthesis.
By convention, the tRNA binding sites are denoted with the site on the small ribosomal subunit listed first and the site on the large ribosomal subunit listed second.
The binding proteins like L27, L2, L14, L15, L16 at the A- and P- sites have been determined by affinity labeling by A.P.
Once translation initiation is complete, the first aminoacyl tRNA is located in the P/P site, ready for the elongation cycle described below.
During translation elongation, tRNA first binds to the ribosome as part of a complex with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) or its eukaryotic (eEF-1) or archaeal counterpart.
Once mRNA decoding is complete, the aminoacyl-tRNA is bound in the A/A site and is ready for the next peptide bond to be formed to its attached amino acid.
The peptidyl-tRNA, which transfers the growing polypeptide to the aminoacyl-tRNA bound in the A/A site, is bound in the P/P site.
Once the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA in the P/P site is deacylated, or has a free 3’ end, and the tRNA in the A/A site carries the growing polypeptide chain.
To allow for the next elongation cycle, the tRNAs then move through hybrid A/P and P/E binding sites, before completing the cycle and residing in the P/P and E/E sites.
Once the A/A and P/P tRNAs have moved to the P/P and E/E sites, the mRNA has also moved over by one codon and the A/T site is vacant, ready for the next round of mRNA decoding.
The P/I site is actually the first to bind to aminoacyl tRNA, which is delivered by an initiation factor called IF2 in bacteria.
In the human genome, which, according to January 2013 estimates, has about 20,848 protein coding genes in total, there are 497 nuclear genes encoding cytoplasmic tRNA molecules, and 324 tRNA-derived pseudogenes—tRNA genes thought to be no longer functional (although pseudo tRNAs have been shown to be involved in antibiotic resistance in bacteria ).
The HGNC, in collaboration with the Genomic tRNA Database (GtRNAdb) and experts in the field, has approved unique names for human genes that encode tRNAs.
The top half of tRNA (consisting of the T arm and the acceptor stem with 5'-terminal phosphate group and 3'-terminal CCA group) and the bottom half (consisting of the D arm and the anticodon arm) are independent units in structure as well as in function.
The top half may have evolved first including the 3'-terminal genomic tag which originally may have marked tRNA-like molecules for replication in early RNA world.
Genomic tRNA content is a differentiating feature of genomes among biological domains of life: Archaea present the simplest situation in terms of genomic tRNA content with a uniform number of gene copies, Bacteria have an intermediate situation and Eukarya present the most complex situation.
Eukarya present not only more tRNA gene content than the other two kingdoms but also a high variation in gene copy number among different isoacceptors, and this complexity seem to be due to duplications of tRNA genes and changes in anticodon specificity .
Evolution of the tRNA gene copy number across different species has been linked to the appearance of specific tRNA modification enzymes (uridine methyltransferases in Bacteria, and adenosine deaminases in Eukarya), which increase the decoding capacity of a given tRNA.
In Eukarya, AGC isoacceptors are extremely enriched in gene copy number in comparison to the rest of isoacceptors, and this has been correlated with its A-to-I modification of its wobble base.
Highly expressed genes seem to be enriched in codons that are exclusively using codons that will be decoded by these modified tRNAs, which suggests a possible role of these codons—and consequently of these tRNA modifications—in translation efficiency.
There are at least four structural types of tRFs believed to originate from mature tRNAs, including the relatively long tRNA halves and short 5’-tRFs, 3’-tRFs and i-tRFs.
Cleavage enzymes include Angiogenin, Dicer, RNase Z and RNase P. Especially in the case of Angiogenin, the tRFs have a characteristically unusual cyclic phosphate at their 3’ end and a hydroxyl group at the 5’ end.
tRFs appear to play a role in RNA interference, specifically in the suppression of retroviruses and retrotransposons that use tRNA as a primer for replication.
Functionally, they can be loaded on Ago and act through RNAi pathways, participate in the formation of stress granules, displace mRNAs from RNA-binding proteins or inhibit translation.
Two online tools are available for those wishing to learn more about tRFs: the framework for the interactive exploration of mitochondrial and nuclear tRNA fragments (MINTbase) and the relational database of Transfer RNA related Fragments (tRFdb).
MINTbase also provides a naming scheme for the naming of tRFs called tRF-license plates (or MINTcodes) that is genome independent; the scheme compresses an RNA sequence into a shorter string.
Artificial suppressor elongator tRNAs are used to incorporate unnatural amino acids at nonsense codons placed in the coding sequence of a gene.
Engineered initiator tRNAs (tRNA with CUA anticodon encoded by metY gene) have been used to initiate translation at the amber stop codon UAG.
This type of engineered tRNA is called a nonsense suppressor tRNA because it suppresses the translation stop signal that normally occurs at UAG codons.
RNA polymerase III recognizes two highly conserved downstream promoter sequences: the 5' intragenic control region (5'-ICR, D-control region, or A box), and the 3'-ICR (T-control region or B box) inside tRNA genes.
The first promoter begins at +8 of mature tRNAs and the second promoter is located 30–60 nucleotides downstream of the first promoter.
Some pre-tRNAs contain introns that are spliced, or cut, to form the functional tRNA molecule; in bacteria these self-splice, whereas in eukaryotes and archaea they are removed by tRNA-splicing endonucleases.
However, some organisms, such as unicellular algae have a non-canonical position of BHB-motif as well as 5'- and 3'-ends of the spliced intron sequence.
For example, in yeast, the splicing is not carried out in the nucleus but at the cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial membranes.
The existence of tRNA was first hypothesized by Francis Crick, based on the assumption that there must exist an adapter molecule capable of mediating the translation of the RNA alphabet into the protein alphabet.
Paul C Zamecnik and Mahlon Hoagland discovered tRNA Significant research on structure was conducted in the early 1960s by Alex Rich and Don Caspar, two researchers in Boston, the Jacques Fresco group in Princeton University and a United Kingdom group at King's College London.
The cloverleaf structure was ascertained by several other studies in the following years and was finally confirmed using X-ray crystallography studies in 1974.
Two independent groups, Kim Sung-Hou working under Alexander Rich and a British group headed by Aaron Klug, published the same crystallography findings within a year.
Mr. Show with Bob and David, also known as Mr. Show, is an American sketch comedy series starring and hosted by Bob Odenkirk and David Cross.
Cross and Odenkirk introduced most episodes as semi-fictionalized versions of themselves, before transitioning to a mixture of on-stage sketches performed in front of a live audience and pre-taped segments.
The show featured a number of alternative comedians as both cast members and writers, including Sarah Silverman, Paul F. Tompkins, Jack Black, Karen Kilgariff, Tom Kenny, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Brian Posehn, Jill Talley, Scott Aukerman, and Dino Stamatopoulos.
Mr. Show's main cast for the entire run consisted of David Cross, John Ennis, Tom Kenny, Bob Odenkirk, and Jill Talley.
Talley appeared in all episodes except for four towards the end of the third season, which she missed due to pregnancy.
Jay Johnston, a featured performer throughout the series, was credited as a member of the main cast for the final episode of the show.
The tour included 16 large cities and college towns in North America: San Diego, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, Ann Arbor, Chicago, Madison, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Sacramento, Eugene, Portland, Seattle, and Vancouver.
While the show was never viewed by a mass audience due to its premium cable broadcast, it remains an influential American sketch comedy.
The song Adam's Song by American alternative rock band Blink-182 got its name as a tribute/reference to a sketch from the show about a band that writes a song by the same name with similar lyrical content.
And they were like, 'Yeah, O.K., that's great, but the thing is, we don't have any more money for this year.
King of Prussia (also referred to as King of Prussia Mall) is the second largest shopping mall in the United States in terms of gross leasable area.
It is an upscale mall with numerous retailers, anchored by Lord & Taylor, Dick's Sporting Goods, Primark, Neiman Marcus, Nordstrom, Macy's and Bloomingdale's with one vacant anchor last occupied by JCPenney.
The mall is located in King of Prussia, a census-designated place within Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, northwest of the city of Philadelphia.
The King of Prussia mall is located in the census-designated place of King of Prussia, in Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, northwest of Philadelphia.
The mall is near the convergence of four major highways: the Schuylkill Expressway (Interstate 76), the Pennsylvania Turnpike (Interstate 76/Interstate 276), U.S. Route 202, and U.S. Route 422.
The mall is located northeast of the Schuylkill Expressway and south of the Pennsylvania Turnpike on the north side of US 202 between Gulph Road to the southwest and Allendale Road to the northeast, with Mall Boulevard providing access to and running through the mall grounds between Gulph Road and US 202.
SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes 92, 99, 123, 124, 125, and 139 serve the King of Prussia Mall at the King of Prussia Transit Center.
These bus routes provide service to West Chester, the Exton Transportation Center at the Exton Square Mall, the Norristown Transportation Center, Phoenixville, the 69th Street Transportation Center, Center City Philadelphia, Chesterbrook, Valley Forge, and Limerick.
The Greater Valley Forge Transportation Management Association operates The Rambler, a community shuttle around Upper Merion Township that has two stops at the King of Prussia mall.
A branch of SEPTA's Norristown High Speed Line called the King of Prussia Spur is proposed to serve the mall via two stations.
Among the outparcels is the Overlook at King of Prussia shopping center, which consists of a United Artists Theatres, Saks Off 5th, Best Buy, and an iFLY indoor skydiving center.
Also located nearby is the King of Prussia Town Center, a lifestyle center that consists of Wegmans, multiple other big-box retailers, and a downtown area with dining, retail, and service establishments and a Town Square.
The town center is part of the Village at Valley Forge, a 122-acre mixed-use development under construction that consists of retail, apartments, townhouses, condominiums, office space, and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Specialty Care and Surgery Center.
King of Prussia mall is anchored by Nordstrom, Macy's, Neiman Marcus, Bloomingdale's, Lord & Taylor, Dick's Sporting Goods, and Primark and a diverse merchant mix 394 stores, including a collection of luxury retailers.
A selection of international dining options are available at four food courts and in over 40 casual and fine dining establishments.
It originally had a third anchor, Abraham & Straus, which sold its store in 1988 to Strawbridge and Clothier, which subsequently relocated to the former Wanamaker location at The Plaza in 1996 upon its acquisition by May Department Stores Co. Its spot was redeveloped as the Pavilion at King of Prussia.
The Plaza prospered and by the late 1970s had become a partially enclosed super-regional mall anchored by department stores JCPenney, Gimbels, and Wanamaker's.
By the late 1970s, The Plaza consisted of a small, fully enclosed section (connecting the three department stores) and a sprawling outdoor mall (featuring Woolworth's and Acme Markets).
The company embarked on a second mall, The Court at King of Prussia, to be constructed across the street from The Plaza.
The Court opened in 1981 as a fully enclosed mall anchored by department stores Bamberger's (later in 1986 to become Macy's), Bloomingdale's, and Abraham & Straus (A&S).
The Plaza also featured two 1980s style video arcades, each named Spaceport, and the RKO Stanley Warner (later Sam Eric, and then United Artists Plaza) movie theater which, in an era before multiplexes, had only one extra large 70m screen.
By the early 1990s, demand for luxury goods had grown across the nation and many upscale retailers were in a growth mode.
Lord & Taylor, Neiman Marcus, and Nordstrom were all looking for new locations in the area, and Kravco didn't want any of them to land at a competing mall.
The company's dilemma, though, was that The Court was on a small piece of land and couldn't expand, while The Plaza was too downscale for these stores.
Kravco decided to embark on an ambitious campaign to almost completely rebuild The Plaza to make it just as attractive to upscale retailers as The Court and to begin marketing the two malls as a single entity (a pedestrian bridge and walkway connecting the malls was constructed around this time, though there have always been informal passageways from one to the other).
The Hecht's (former John Wanamaker) at The Plaza became a Strawbridge's and the Strawbridge's (former Abraham & Straus) at The Court closed.
Whenever a tennis event was to occur, a temporary tennis stadium that seated 3,000 was constructed in the parking lot of the Bloomingdale's anchor store.
In 2011, Simon increased its ownership of the King of Prussia mall from 12.4 percent to 96 percent, buying Lend Lease's 50 percent ownership of the mall.
Lend Lease had bought its stake in the mall in 1996, with Kravco, Simon, and three family trusts owning the remaining 50 percent at the time.
On November 29, 2011, Simon Property Group announced plans to create a 140,000 sq ft. expansion/connector to connect The Court and The Plaza.
This new retail connector would feature 50 stores, dining choices from some of Philadelphia's well-known celebrity chefs, an upscale dining pavilion, and a customer lounge.
Upon completion, this project would make King of Prussia mall the largest official shopping mall in the United States (larger than Mall of America in overall square footage, though not as many shops), and it would be under one roof for the first time in its existence.
It was announced that Irish retailer Primark would be on the first level of its space while Dick's Sporting Goods would take parts of the second level.
On March 17, 2017, JCPenney announced that its store would be closing as part of a plan to close 138 stores nationwide; the store closed on July 31, 2017.
The western section of the mall (also known as The Plaza) went under renovation in April 2018, which added new flooring and handrails, LED lighting, and additional soft seating areas and restrooms.
The Marias River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 210 mi (338 km) long, in the U.S. state of Montana.
It is formed in Glacier County, in northwestern Montana, by the confluence of the Cut Bank Creek and the Two Medicine River.
It flows east, through Lake Elwell, formed by the Tiber Dam, then southeast, receiving the Teton River at Loma, 2 mi.
Some of the men on the expedition mistook it for the main branch of the Missouri until their subsequent discovery of the Great Falls of the Missouri near Great Falls, Montana.
Lewis led a small detachment of men to further explore the Marias River on the Expedition's return trip in 1806 to determine if the river ventured north above the Canada border, and he killed a young Blackfeet warrior trying to steal horses and a gun from the small detachment.
The Marias is a Class I river from Tiber Dam to its confluence with the Missouri River for public access for recreational purposes.
The State University of New York College at Oneonta (SUNY Oneonta, Oneonta State, or O-State) is a public liberal arts college in Oneonta, New York.
SUNY Oneonta was established in 1889 as the Oneonta Normal School, as part of founding normal schools across the state to train teachers and expand public education.
Named after Percy I. Bugbee, the second principal of the Oneonta Normal School, Bugbee School provided an on-campus training facility for the student teachers attending the normal school.
In 1948, the college became a founding member of the State University of New York system, and the Oneonta Normal School was officially renamed the State University College of Education in 1951.
The cornerstone of the current building was laid in 1950, with one wing being completed in February 1951 and the other in September 1951.
The two wings, Bacon and Denison Halls, were originally used as dormitories, which were much needed on the rapidly expanding campus.
In 1952, the Faculty-Student Association Inc.(forerunner of today's Oneonta Auxiliary Services) purchased a 63-acre farm about four miles north of the college.
This was the site for development of today's 272-acre College Camp, which provides educational, recreational and social opportunities for the college community.
The 1960s were a period of rapid growth in the college's operating budget, student enrollment, number of staff members, and the campus buildings.
Additional property was acquired to the north and west of the campus, providing two entrances from West Street, one near a new service building.
Other new buildings on the upper campus included a dorm, Littell Hall; a cafeteria (Lee Hall) and the Chase Physical Fitness Center.
In fall 1963, the college started accepting transfer students into 13 liberal arts programs, beginning the transition to a multi-purpose higher education institution.
These were followed in 1966 with the construction of four administration and class buildings (Mills Dining Hall, Schumacher, Netzer and Hodgdon Instructional Resource Center), five dormitories (Ford, Grant, Hays, Huntington and Sherman halls) and the health center.
With 35 or 40 new positions each year, the number of new faculty members increased from 35 in 1963 to 80 or more from 1966–1970.
With the rapid growth in the number of faculty, the college's four major academic departments began to split into separate departments.
The Department of English, Speech and Theater, which also included Foreign Languages, was the first to subdivide in 1969 into three departments: English, Speech and Theater, and Foreign Languages.
In 1970, the Science Department split into separate departments of Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, Physics and Science Education, and the Social Science Department split into six separate departments.
By the early 1970s, several more new buildings had been constructed, including academic facilities (Fitzelle Hall, Fine Arts, Science II and the current Milne Library), Wilsbach Dining Hall, five dormitories (Matteston, MacDuff, Curtis, Blodgett and Hulbert halls) and the Hunt College Union, named for Charles W. Hunt, who served as the school's principal/president from 1933–1951.
A field station on Otsego Lake in Cooperstown, New York was also completed, stimulated by a gift of 300–400 additional acres.
It also held the new graduate program in the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Objects, the forerunner to today's Cooperstown Graduate Program in museum studies.
The historic Old Main building was torn down in 1977, and in 1981, two pillars from the building were installed on a hill overlooking the SUNY Oneonta campus as a reminder of the college's history.
In 1982, the College at Oneonta Foundation was formed with the mission of raising and administering gifts and grants to enhance the academic status of the college through endowment, scholarships and institutional programs.
Accomplishments during his tenure included advancements in technology, including Internet access; a more competitive admissions process, expanded multicultural programs and increased financial stability.
On the morning of September 4, 1992, a 77-year-old woman told police she was attacked at the home of a family she was visiting outside the town of Oneonta.
Police officers believed that blood at the scene indicated the assailant suffered a cut on his hand from a knife he had wielded.
College officials provided New York State Police a list of 78 black and Latino male students to aid in the investigation, provoking outrage and national attention.
In the following days, police questioned hundreds of African Americans in the area, stopping them, and checking their hands for signs of wounds.
In the 1990s SUNY Oneonta extended its commitments to community partnership, founding the Center for Economic and Community Development, and the Center for Social Responsibility and Community.
Several construction projects were completed under Donovan, including the Alumni Field House in 1998 and the Robin Ross Higgins Hall in 2003.
In 2009, she convened the Strategic Planning and Resource Council, composed of faculty, staff, students, alumni and community members and charged with developing a strategic plan to help define the college's future.
In fall 2013, SUNY Oneonta reorganized, founding five new schools—Economics and Business, Arts and Humanities, Social Science, Natural and Mathematical Sciences, and Education and Human Biology—to give greater focus to disciplines and careers in those areas.
President Morris came to SUNY Oneonta in July 2018 from her position as provost and vice president for academic affairs at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado.
SUNY Oneonta is ranked 55 on the 2019 U.S. News & World Report list of the best Regional Universities in the North and is ranked #144 in the Northeast on the Forbes magazine 2018 list of top public colleges.
The college received INSIGHT magazine's Higher Education Excellence in Diversity Award in 2014 and 2017, accepted an invitation to join the Colleges of Distinction in 2015, and has been included on The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education college list, ranked 601.
SUNY Oneonta is named to the most recent President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll in 2015 in recognition of a campus-wide commitment to service and civic engagement.
The college received received The American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) Excellence and Innovation Award in Sustainability and Sustainable Development for its efforts in combining sustainability and learning.
The college strengthens the quality of its academic programs in order to improve the quality of educational experience offered to students through service-learning.
Faculty help students make the connection between classroom learning and the world of work in ways that enhance what students gain from the in-class experience.
The Center for Social Responsibility and Community (CSRC) develops and enhances partnerships for interested faculty and collaborating agencies and schools to identify community needs and develop service-learning projects.
SUNY Oneonta offers semester- and year-long study abroad and exchange programs through the Office of International Education in partnership with universities in Finland, Ghana, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.
These trips are usually part of a semester-long or summer course and typically last 10 days to three weeks, offering hands-on learning in a student's field of study, plus immersion in another culture.
An increasing variety of opportunities is available right in the Oneonta area through partnerships with businesses and nonprofit organizations, many of which advertise openings and network with students at the annual Job, Internship & Volunteer Expo (JIVE).
Connections with Oneonta alumni through programs such as the annual Backpacks to Briefcases networking event for business students and the New York City Internship Fair help students land internships further afield, and many of these opportunities lead to full-time employment after graduation.
In May 2014, SUNY Oneonta launched a new international internship program offering opportunities in 14 major cities around the world in partnership with the Academic Internship Council and Connect-123.
Students have collaborated with faculty on a variety of research topics, including a green chemistry invention that won a United States patent.
Students also do independent research on topics of their own choosing, guided by faculty mentors, and present them at our annual Student Research & Creative Activity Day on campus.
Grant awards of up to $1,500 are available for independent research and creative activity projects conducted by students with faculty sponsorship in any discipline or interdisciplinary area.
Many students also present their research at regional and national conferences, and funding is available to help defray travel expenses through the Caroline ’67 and David D’Antonio Undergraduate Student Travel for Excellence Fund and the Student Travel for Excellence Program.
For example, in fall 2016, nine biology students co-authored an article on five new species of tapeworms published in a peer-reviewed international parasitology journal.
The SUNY Oneonta College Observatory is the largest optical telescope in New York State, one that is believed to be one of the largest telescopes open for public observing east of the Mississippi.
In winter 2012-13 the Camp was surveyed by a state forester from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) who compiled a complete analysis, description, and recommended management plan for the property.
The SUNY Oneonta Undergraduate Political Science Conference is a tradition hosted by the Oneonta Political Science Club and the Political Science Department.
First conceived in 1995 under the supervision of the late Douglas Shrader, Distinguished Teaching Professor of Philosophy at SUNY Oneonta, the event is sponsored by the college's Philosophy Club and organized by a student Conference Committee.
Conference field trips include a visit to John Burroughs's Woodchuck Lodge in Roxbury, NY, which is within walking distance of his burial site.
Four freshman Living Learning Communities (LLCs)for students interested in teaching and social justice, leadership, pre-health professions, and sustainability and the outdoors are available.
Dining services at SUNY Oneonta are offered by Sodexo, and the college's residential dining halls were the first in the country designed specifically for Sodexo's Campus Crossroads program.
The Big O' Poetry Slam has featured more than a dozen national poetry slam champions, and several SUNY Oneonta teams have advanced to the final rounds of the Association of College Unions International's national collegiate poetry slam.
The school's team currently competes at the Division III level in the State University of New York Athletic Conference, and has been since the conference's inception in 1958.
The school facilities include Dewar Arena in the Alumni Field House, All College Field, Chase Athletic Building, and Red Dragon Soccer, Baseball and Softball fields.
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927.
The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.
Vickers merged with the Tyneside-based engineering company Armstrong Whitworth, founded by W. G. Armstrong, to become Vickers-Armstrongs, Ltd. Armstrong Whitworth and Vickers had developed along similar lines, expanding into various military sectors and produced a whole suite of military products.
Armstrong Whitworth were notable for their artillery manufacture at Elswick and shipbuilding at a yard at High Walker on the River Tyne.
1929 saw the merger of the acquired railway business with those of Cammell Laird to form Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon (MCCW); Metro Cammell.
In 1960 the aircraft interests were merged with those of Bristol, English Electric and Hunting Aircraft to form the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC).
Under the terms of the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977 BAC was nationalised to become part of British Aerospace (later BAE Systems).
This division was privatised as Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL) in 1986, later passing to the GEC group as part of Marconi Marine and survives to this day as part of BAE Systems; BAE Systems Submarines.
Vickers Container and Packaging Machinery Division, including the Vickers Stitcher and Vickers Hardness Machine business, was bought by Fords Industrial Products, part of Barry Wehmiller in 1986.
In 1991 the Vickers Hardness Machinery business was bought by the then field engineers, and continues today as UK Calibrations Limited based in Kidderminster.
The steelmaking division became part of British Steel Corporation and the remaining interests were divested as the public company Vickers plc, whose various components were later split.
During World War II Ruwolt's firm produced armaments for the Australian Government, including field artillery such as mortars and howitzer cannon.
After the 1927 merger, the company possessed a major yard on each coast of Britain; the Naval Construction Yard of Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria and the Naval Yard of Armstrong Whitworth at High Walker on the River Tyne.
The Barrow yard was nationalised and became part of British Shipbuilders in 1977, was privatised as VSEL in 1986 and remains in operation to this day as BAE Systems Submarines.
Meanwhile, the Naval Yard at High Walker on the River Tyne passed to Swan Hunter in 1968, was nationalised and became part of British Shipbuilders in 1977, was privatised still as Swan Hunter in 1986 but closed down during the 1980s.
The military vehicle manufacturing interests were divested into Vickers plc, and would later pass to Alvis Vickers, now part of BAE Systems Land and Armaments.
In 1928 the Aviation Department became Vickers (Aviation) Ltd and soon after acquired Supermarine Aviation Works, which became the Supermarine Aviation Works (Vickers) Ltd and was responsible for producing the revolutionary Spitfire fighter.
In 1938, both companies were re-organised as Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd, and a new 'art deco' headquarters designed by architect C. Howard Crane was built at its Brooklands factory in Surrey although the former Supermarine and Vickers works continued to brand their products under their former names.
The hovercraft activities of Vickers-Armstrongs were merged with those of the Westland Aircraft company (including those of Saunders-Roe) to form the British Hovercraft Corporation in 1966 with Vickers holding 25% of the new company.
Vickers formed a subsidiary, the Airship Guarantee Company, under the direction of Cdr Dennis Burney solely for the purpose of producing the R100 airship for the government.
Between 1911 and 1970, just over 16,000 aircraft were built under the Vickers name; together the 11,462 Wellington and 846 Warwick aircraft (which were structurally similar) make up over 75% of this total.
In the interwar period, the company produced the Wellesley, designed by Rex Pierson using the geodetic airframe principle of structural engineer Barnes Wallis.
This would later evolve into the famous Wellington bomber, a mainstay of RAF Bomber Command and RAF Coastal Command during World War II.
Post-WWII, Vickers went on to manufacture the piston-engined Vickers VC.1 Viking airliner, the Viscount and Vanguard turboprop airliners and (as part of BAC) the VC10 jet airliner, which was used in RAF service as an aerial refuelling tanker until 2013.
Vickers-Armstrongs was one of the few British manufacturers of marine diesel engines, notably for Royal Navy S, T-class and Estonian submarines during World War II.
Water Tower Place is a large urban, mixed-use development comprising a shopping mall, hotel, theater, and condominiums in a 9 story skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Originally planned in the late 1960s by the Mafco Company (the former shopping center development division of Marshall Field & Co.), the skyscraper was eventually built in 1975 by Urban Retail Properties, a company led by Philip Morris Klutznick and his son Thomas J. Klutznick.
The tower section is a 78-story, 859-foot (262 m) reinforced concrete slab, faced with gray marble, and is the eighth tallest building in Chicago and the twenty-sixth tallest in the United States.
It contains a Ritz-Carlton hotel, condominiums and office space, and sits atop a block-long base containing an atrium-style retail mall that fronts on the Magnificent Mile.
Water Tower Place's opening changed the economic dynamics of the Magnificent Mile by bringing middle-class shops to what had been a street dominated by luxury retailers, tony hotels, and expensive apartments.
Decades after its construction, its residences and hotel remain sought after addresses, and the mall is typically fully leased, drawing large enough crowds that some retailers operate outlets both inside the mall and outside it along Michigan Avenue.
In a recessionary market, the company was given the challenge of demonstrating the product and obtaining hard contracts before construction began.
A detailed product research study was conducted by Gary S. Meyers, which included examining on a room-by-room basis over luxury 100 high-rise condominiums in the Chicago metropolitan area and a like number around the nation.
The product analysis was then compared with sales velocities of other projects to determine buyer needs and wants and their respective acceptable price points.
The net result was a mathematically designed housing product that allowed for specific space allocation for each room in each unit.
After the product was designed, Richard A. Meyers Realty, Inc. and Urban Investment and Development took an entire floor in the Blair Building, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, and built several full-scale condominium units, several blocks away from the site.
This combined marketing approach produced sales of over 100 units before the building was ready for occupancy, a pace that surpassed units ready for occupancy in competing buildings during the same period.
In 2001, a program of refurbishments was begun, including enclosing the exterior arcade along Michigan and adding a loading dock in the middle of the block for additional retail space.
Also included were updates to the escalators and fountains leading into the mall from North Michigan Avenue lobby, as well as enhancements to the sidewalk areas, the mall's exterior facades, and department store entrances.
These last additions broke up the boxy nature of the original architecture and added some dimension and scale to the monolithic marble walls.
The builders of Water Tower Place acquired the rights to use the Ritz-Carlton name and logo when they opened a hotel in the tower in 1975.
This was before the modern Ritz-Carlton chain was established in the mid-1980s, using the same name and logo, which have been around since the early 20th Century, in use at various hotels.
Also under terms of the agreement, no other hotel was permitted to use the Ritz-Carlton name in the Chicago area while the agreement was still in effect, meaning that the modern Ritz-Carlton chain was never able to operate a hotel in Chicago, only a nearby condominium, which they built in 2012.
So that their hotel would be part of a chain, the owners of Water Tower Place contracted Four Seasons Hotels to manage the hotel in 1977.
On August 1, 2015, The Ritz Carlton Chicago ceased being a Four Seasons property and converted management and operation to Sage Hospitality of Denver, operated as a full member of The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company LLC, and participating in and marketed with the rest of The Ritz-Carlton properties.
Water Tower Place continues to be a shopping destination due to its size and its wide variety of shops, despite only having one anchor.
Other retailers include Lego, Banana Republic, Lacoste, Victoria's Secret, Sephora, CUSP, Chico's, Ann Taylor, White House Black Market, J. Jill, Oakley, Finish Line, Inc., LIDS, Aldo, Coach, Forever 21 and the official Chicago Cubs Clubhouse Shop.
The eight-level mall has over 100 shops, including Macy's (formerly a branch of the renowned Marshall Field's), the flagship American Girl store, a live theatre, and several restaurants, arranged around a chrome-and-glass atrium with glass elevators.
It was one of the first vertical malls in the world, although along North Michigan Avenue it has been joined by The Shops at North Bridge and the Avenue Atrium (better known as 900 North Michigan), both of which contain higher end retail mixes.
The State University of New York College at Old Westbury is a public college in Old Westbury, New York, with portions in the neighboring town of Jericho, New York.
The State University of New York College at Old Westbury was founded in 1965 by the State University of New York Board of Trustees.
Eight members of the faculty have been named Distinguished Teaching or Service Professors by the State University of New York, which are among the highest ranks available in the University system.
In the 2009-10 academic year, the College faculty earned approximately $1,345,000 in research and service funding from such sources as the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Institutes for Health.
The Old Westbury Student Government Association consists of an Executive Board which includes a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, public relations officer, executive staff officer and a governor of social affairs who is responsible for managing clubs and organizations on campus as well as organizing student activities.
Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer and swimming & diving; while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming & diving and volleyball.
The F. Ambrose Clark Physical Education & Recreation Center, aka the Clark Athletic Center, houses a 25-meter swimming pool; a gymnasium with seating for 2,000; a strength and conditioning facility; and an aerobic workout room with physical fitness accessories.
The Clark Center is a venue for the Nassau County, New York high school men's basketball playoffs as well as some women's tournament games.
Post Campus of Long Island University's Pratt Center, north of the Clark Center in the neighboring region of Brookville, New York.
The National Liberal Party (, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.
Although this cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.
In the following years, he aimed to reconcile with his opponents by strengthening Prussian hegemony, which culminated in the Seven Weeks' War of 1866.
Upon the victory over the Austrian forces at the Battle of Königgrätz on 3 July, many of the liberals finally put aside their differences due to their support for Bismarck's highly successful foreign policy.
At voting time on 3 September, the political division of the liberals was confirmed when 19 National Liberal deputies opted for his Indemnity Law.
The first National Liberal faction in the Prussian parliament was formed on 17 November around Eduard Lasker and Hans Victor von Unruh.
They gathered support from the Prussian annexed territories of Hanover and Hesse-Nassau as well as from the other states of the Confederation, emerging as the largest faction in the North German Reichstag.
The key points of the party manifesto focused on national unification and Bismarck's policies, which resulted in the emergence of a German nation state as a constitutional monarchy and highly industrialized country.
In the first all-German federal election held on 3 March 1871, the party reached 30.1% of the votes, becoming the strongest group in the Reichstag parliament with 119 seats.
Weights and measurements were standardized, a common German market and a national bank, the Reichsbank, created and the numerous regional currencies replaced with the Goldmark.
The liberal economic policies, although temporarily unpopular in the recession of the 1870s, laid the groundworks for the economic boom the German nation experienced at the turn of the 19th century.
In 1879, Bismarck's alliance with the National Liberals broke over his abandonment of free trade by the adoption of a tariff.
In the economic crisis following the Panic of 1873, several lobbying associations exerted pressure on Bismarck who increasingly favoured a more protectionist approach.
This meant an enduring shift of the Chancellor to the right, which changed the political climate of the fledgling nation and soured relations between Bismarck and a number of leading German liberals.
The National Liberals lost their status as the dominant party in 1880, when the left-wing represented by the Liberal Union split off and merged with the Progress Party into the German Free-minded Party by 1884.
The remaining partisans approached to the Conservatives, later the strongest supporters of Alfred von Tirpitz's various Fleet Acts starting in 1898, which pushed Great Britain into an arms race with Germany until World War I.
In the federal election of 1887, a right-wing cartel of National Liberals, Conservatives and Free Conservatives once again ensured a parliamentary majority for Bismarck until his resignation in 1890.
The National Liberals came to be closely associated with the interests of big business, maintaining strong relations with mighty industrialist advocacy groups as well as with imperialist and nationalist associations like the Pan-German League.
Increasingly threatened by the growing strength of the Social Democrats, the party gradually became more conservative, although it was generally split between a more liberal wing that sought to strengthen ties with the dissident liberals to their left and a right-wing that came to support more protectionist policies and close relations with the Conservatives and the imperial government.
During World War I, most of the National Liberals, including such leaders of their left-wing as Gustav Stresemann, avidly supported the expansionist goals of the imperial government, although they also called for reform at home.
Stresemann led the main body of the party, including most of its moderate and conservative elements, into the conservative liberal German People's Party.
Endeavour Hills is bordered by the Monash Freeway and Dandenong Creek to the west, Police Road and Churchill Park Drive to the north, Hallam North Road to the east, and Eumemmerring Creek to the south.
The land in the area was home firstly to the Aboriginal people and was later settled by Europeans, who came after the 1830s.
The earliest landowner of the area was Thomas Herbert Power who had owned the area from the 1850s extending from Power Road, almost to Berwick and north to Heatherton Road.
Other suggested names at the time included Pine Hill and Piney Ridge, due to the number of pine trees in the area.
In 1970, the name 'Endeavour Hills' was coined in honour of the two hundredth anniversary of Captain James Cook's arrival in Botany Bay.
The estate was designed to have its own community services for every-day living, such as its own leisure centre, shopping centre, library, medical centres, child care centres, kindergartens, public and private schools.
The catch phrase was 'a better place to live' where everything looked green and the land looked like a sort of paradise.
A statue of explorer James Cook stood outside; new streets were named around the explorer James Cook, his ship the Endeavour, and fellow sailors and explorers.
It has underground utilities (electricity, gas, telecommunications, water) street lighting, wide roads, footpaths and an abundance of native trees have been planted on naturestrips.
Many houses have been built on steep land blocks and have distant views of the surrounding suburbs, some as far away as Frankston, Chadstone, Pakenham, Port Philip Bay and in some cases the CBD.
Endeavour Hills consists of modern low-density residential housing - single, double and triple level brick houses - built on 1/4, 1/2, 1 or more acre blocks.
The Endeavour Hills Library (part of the Casey-Cardinia Library Corporation) and the Endeavour Hills Police Station are also within this area.
Public and Private Hospitals with 24-hour Emergency Care, Medical Facilities, Day-Surgery Clinics are located nearby at Dandenong, Berwick, Monash, Mulgrave and Noble Park.
8 clay carpet courts with 4 under lights) and also Tennis Courts on Matthew Flinders Avenue (St.Paul's), Football/Cricket Oval at James Cook Drive and the suburb boasts an abundance of parks.
The Casuarina Forest is located within James Alexander Reserve, and the reserve has lookouts and views as far as Port Phillip Bay.
There are two high schools in Endeavour Hills: a campus of Maranatha Christian School and Gleneagles Secondary College, (formerly a campus of Eumemmerring College).
The primary schools in the area are: Chalcot Lodge Primary School, James Cook Primary School, Mossgiel Park Primary School, Southern Cross Primary School, St. Paul Apostle North, St. Paul Apostle South and Thomas Mitchell Primary School.
The kindergartens in the area are: Allara Kindergarten, Chalcot Lodge Kindergarten, David Collins Kindergarten, Hartley Ridge Kindergarten, James Cook Kindergarten, Reema Kindergarten.
In the 2016 Census the most common occupations of people living in Endeavour Hills included Professionals 17.8%, Technicians and Trades Workers 16.0%, Clerical and Administrative Workers 14.4%, Labourers 10.9%, and Sales Workers 10.4%.
The nearest train line to Endeavour Hills is the Pakenham line, which serves many of the City of Casey suburbs including Berwick, Hallam, Hampton Park and Narre Warren.
The suburb is situated closest to Hallam station, although many residents prefer to go to Dandenong (located on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines) .
Soccer is popular with three clubs located in the suburb; Dandenong City Soccer Club who play in the top tier of the Victorian Premier League, Endeavour United SC and Endeavour Hills Fire SC both fielding teams in the division 4 and division 5 of the Victorian State League respectively.
Also common is Australian Rules, represented in the seniors by the Endeavour Hills Falcons, and in the juniors by rivals the Endeavour North Hawks (formerly Mossgiel Park) and the Endeavour Hills Eagles.
It involves activation of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in the brain, which mediates wakefulness, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, mobility, and readiness to respond.
Wakefulness is regulated by the ARAS, which is composed of projections from five major neurotransmitter systems that originate in the brainstem and form connections extending throughout the cortex; activity within the ARAS is regulated by neurons that release the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, histamine, and serotonin.
It is crucial for motivating certain behaviours, such as mobility, the pursuit of nutrition, the fight-or-flight response and sexual activity (the arousal phase of Masters and Johnson's human sexual response cycle).
The Yerkes-Dodson law states that an optimal level of arousal for performance exists, and too little or too much arousal can adversely affect task performance.
Wakefulness is regulated by the ascending reticular activating system, which is composed of five major neurotransmitter systems – the acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, histamine, and serotonin systems – that originate in the brainstem and form connections which extend throughout the cerebral cortex.
The noradrenergic system is a bundle of axons that originate in the locus coeruleus and ascends up into the neocortex, limbic system, and basal forebrain.
The neurons that project into the basal forebrain impact cholinergic neurons that results in a flood of acetylcholine into the cerebral cortex.
The neurons arise in the ventral tegmental area in the midbrain, and projects to the nucleus accumbens, the striatum forebrain, limbic system, and prefrontal cortex.
These neurons send pathways to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and the basal forebrain, where they stimulate the release of acetylcholine into the cerebral cortex.
Arousal is also an essential element in many influential theories of emotion, such as the James-Lange theory of emotion or the Circumplex Model.
The Yerkes–Dodson law states that there is a relationship between arousal and task performance, essentially arguing that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, and too little or too much arousal can adversely affect task performance.
It predicted that high levels of arousal will lead to attention narrowing, during which the range of cues from the stimulus and the environment decreases.
According to this hypothesis, attention will be focused primarily on the arousing details (cues) of the stimulus, so that information central to the source of the emotional arousal will be encoded while peripheral details will not.
Eysenck's theory of arousal describes the different natural frequency or arousal states of the brains of people who are introverted versus people who are extroverted.
The theory states that the brains of extroverts are naturally less stimulated, so these types have a predisposition to seek out situations and partake in behaviors that will stimulate arousal.
Whereas extroverts are naturally under-stimulated and therefore actively engage in arousing situations, introverts are naturally over-stimulated and therefore avoid intense arousal.
Daoussiss and McKelvie's (1986) research showed that introverts performed worse on memory tasks when they were in the presence of music compared to silence.
Similarly, Belojevic, Slepcevic and Jokovljevic (2001) found that introverts had more concentration problems and fatigue in their mental processing when work was coupled with external noise or distracting factors.
The level of arousal surrounding the individuals greatly affected their ability to perform tasks and behaviors, with the introverts being more affected than the extroverts, because of each's naturally high and low levels of stimulation, respectively.
These two dimensions of personality describe how a person deals with anxiety-provoking or emotional stimuli as well as how a person behaves and responds to relevant and irrelevant external stimuli in their environment.
The choleric react immediately, and the arousal is strong, lasting, and can easily create new excitement about similar situations, ideas, or impressions.
The melancholic are slow to react and it takes time for an impression to be made upon them if any is made at all.
The sanguine are quickly aroused and excited, like the cholerics, but unlike the cholerics, their arousal is shallow, superficial, and shortly leaves them as quickly as it developed.
The contrasts in the different temperaments come from individuals variations in a person's brain stem, limbic system, and thalamocortical arousal system.
Melancholics also had the highest overall thalamocortical excitation, whereas cholerics (those with high extraversion and high neuroticism) had the lowest intrinsic thalamocortical excitation.
The differences in the internal system levels is the evidence that Eysenck used to explain the differences between the introverted and the extroverted.
In his studies, melancholics produced an inhibitory response to all external stimuli, which holds true that melancholics shut out outside arousal, because they are deeply internally aroused.
The high neuroticism which characterizes both melancholics and cholerics manifested itself differently in the two types because of the different levels of internal arousal they had.
The Cannon–Bard theory is a theory of undifferentiated arousal, where the physical and emotional states occur at the same time in response to an event.
The fact that people can experience different emotions when they have the same pattern of physiological arousal is one argument in favor of the Cannon-Bard theory.
Even though not completely in accordance with the theory, it is taken as one piece of evidence in favor of the Cannon–Bard theory that physiological reactions sometimes happen more slowly than experiences of emotion.
For example, if you are in the forest or woods, a sudden sound can create an immediate response of fear, while the physical symptoms of fear follow that feeling, and do not precede it.
The James–Lange theory describes how emotion is caused by the bodily changes which come from the perception of the emotionally arousing experience or environment.
This theory states that events cause the autonomic nervous system to induce physiological arousal, characterized by muscular tension, heart rate increases, perspiration, dryness of mouth, tears, etc.
For example, if someone just deeply insulted a person and their family, the person's fists might ball up and they might begin to perspire and become tense all around.
This type of theory emphasizes the physiological arousal as the key, in that the cognitive processes alone would not be sufficient evidence of an emotion.
The Schachter–Singer two-factor theory or the cognitive labeling theory takes into account both the physiological arousal and the cognitive processes that respond to an emotion-provoking situation.
Schachter and Singer's theory states that an emotional state is the product of the physiological arousal and the cognition regarding the state of arousal.
In this theory, emotion is seen as a product of the interaction between the state of arousal and how one's thought processes appraise the current situation.
For example, if a person is being pursued by a serial killer, the person will likely be sweating and their heart will be racing, which is their physiological state.
Arousal is related to selective attention during the encoding process by showing that people are more subject to encode arousing information than neutral information.
For example, one study found that people could remember arousing words better after one week of learning them than merely two minutes after learning them.
Higher levels of arousal increased the number of words retrieved by extroverts and decreased the number of words retrieved by introverts.
When a person is aroused, he or she may find a wider range of events appealing and view decisions as more salient, specifically influencing approach-avoidance conflict.
The state of arousal might lead a person to view a decision more positively than he or she would have in a less aroused state.
These individual differences in arousal demonstrate Eysenck's theory that extroverts prefer increased stimulation and arousal, whereas introverts prefer lower stimulation and arousal.
Arousal in women has been shown to be slowed in the left visual field due to depression, indicating the influence of the right hemisphere.
For example, a person may believe that he or she will get sick from being so nervous about taking an exam.
The fear of the arousal of nervousness and how people will perceive this arousal will then contribute to levels of anxiety.
This is caused by withdrawal from alcohol or barbiturates, acute encephalitis, head trauma resulting in coma, partial seizures in epilepsy, metabolic disorders of electrolyte imbalance, Intra-cranial space- occupying lesions, Alzheimer's disease, rabies, hemispheric lesions in stroke and multiple sclerosis.
Physiological arousal refers to features of arousal reflected by physiological reactions, such as escalations in blood pressure and rate of respiration and lessened activity of the gastrointestinal system.
Cognition is internal mental representations best characterized as thoughts and ideas- resulting from and involved in multiple mental processes and operations including perception, reasoning, memory, intuition, judgement and decision making.
Goes into explaining cognitive functions and how they are internal and inferred from behavior using measure like accuracy in performing a task like recalling a list of words of the time taken to find some word on a page of text.
The study of cognitive functions derive from the information processing approach which argues that these functions that these functions involve operations occurring at various processing stages is typically based on a model of cognitive function of interest.
Physiological comes from physiology which is the study of the functioning of living organisms, animal or plant, and of the functioning of their constituent tissues or cells.
The use of the term with specific reference to vital activities of healthy humans, which began in the 16th century, also applicable to many current aspects of physiology.
When the body is initially challenged by a stressor it responds with physiological activation (also known as arousal) of a defense system to deal with the immediate stressor.
A real-life example of cognition is used whenever decision making is involved; for example, a real-life scenario of a cognitive decision would be when a traffic light is changing from green to yellow.
One would either make a cognitive decision to run through the yellow light in hopes you could clear the intersection before the light turned red.
However, one could make a different cognitive decision to stop when they see the yellow light to not run the light before it turned red.
A real-life example of the effects of physiological arousal on cognition is when you're walking through the woods and you notice a rattlesnake in front of the walkway on the ground.
Fear is explained to be an emotion that one might expect with alarm, it is also known as something to be afraid of or the feelings of apprehensiveness.
A study done by Joan Vickers and Mark Williams analyzed how a group of elite biathlon shooters handled an experimental task.
Which is why they decided to test these elite biathlon shooters, due to the easy ability to stimulate the controlled experiment.
In the low pressure stimulation the subjects were only told that the purpose of the test was to simply provide feedback and the fixation on the target at different power output levels.
In the high pressure situation the shorter were told that the national team coach was going to observe the shooters, and their shooting percentages would be used to make the national team selections.
To test physiological arousal that was being used, Vickers and Williams measured each shooter's heart rate as well as the perceived exertion.
Trying to determine if the failure to perform to whatever level of skill or ability the person has at the time, also known as choking; was indeed a factor in this test.
The findings showed that the biathletes developed the ability to decelerate their heart rate just before they shoot, most only shoot when HR is 80% or lower.
The expectations were for the low-pressure and high-pressure groups to be more prone to choking compared to those who were able to maintain their heart rates.
The findings showed exactly what was expected, the only exception was that the pressure applied did not necessarily have much of an effect.
Problem solving is the cognitive process that someone uses to achieve a goal whenever a solution cannot be determined by others.
Cognitively, the utilization of logical analysis and problem solving has been associated with higher levels of life satisfaction, better health, and lower depression in caregivers.
A realistic appraisal and acceptance of the difficult situation is healthy and allows the caregiver to live his or her own life while accommodating the needs of the recipient.
Less effective cognitive coping styles include avoidant-evasive, regressive, and an increased use of wishfulness and fantasizing by the caregiver, all of which have been related to higher levels of care burden (Hayley et al., 1987; Quayhagen & Quayhagen, 1988).
Cognitive appraisal is the stress perceived as imbalance between demands place on the individual and the individual and the individual's resources to cope.
Lazarus argued that the experience of stress differs significantly between individuals depending on how they interpret an event and the outcome of a specific sequence of thinking patterns called appraisals.
It also refers to the personal interpretation of a situation that ultimately influences the extent to which the situation is perceived as stressful, process of assessing whether a situation or event threatens our well being, whether there are sufficient personal resources available for coping with the demand of the situation of whether our strategy for dealing with the situation is effective.
Primary Appraisal is an assessment of how significant an event is for a person, including whether it is a threat or opportunity, also including that no heightened physiological arousal occurs it means no stress will either.
Also known as regulation of emotion; is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed.
Emotional self-regulation belongs to the broader set of emotion-regulation processes, which includes the regulations of one's own feelings and the regulations of other people's feelings.
Jean Gervais Protais Blanchet (February 10, 1843 – December 11, 1908) was the second eldest of eleven children of Cyprien Blanchet, notary public of St. Francois, Beauce and his wife, Marie Gosselin.
by the government of Quebec in 1876 and had the same honour conferred on him by the Canadian government (Marquis of Lorne) in 1880.
He held the office of Provincial Secretary in both the Mousseau and Ross administrations.H e served as Conservative leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1890 to 1891.
He became leader of the Opposition after Conservative leader Louis-Olivier Taillon failed to win a seat in losing the 1890 Quebec election.
He took part in all the important debates, including the provincial autonomy question, the exercise of the veto power and the Riel affair.
He resigned his seat and the post of leader of the Opposition when he was appointed a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench on September 19, 1891.
Later that same year, the Liberal government of Honoré Mercier was deposed by the Lieutenant Governor and the Conservative Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville became Premier.
He married Jeanie, youngest daughter of Gen. Silas Seymour of New York on August 5, 1878 at the Anglican Cathedral in Quebec.
The couple had three children, Seymour, Florence (Mrs. Norman Craik Ogilvie, and by her second marriage, Mrs. Herbert A. Laurie), and Maurice.
He was an honorary member of the Historical Society of Montreal, of L'Athénée Louisianais and of the Geological Society of Bordeau, France.
The largest shopping center on the West Coast of the United States, its sales of over $1.5 billion annually are the highest in the United States.
Its 275 retailers represent the highest concentration of design fashion retail in the U.S., with the second highest sales-volume in California at —second only to Westfield Valley Fair in San Jose-Santa Clara, at .
Originally anchored by a May Company that had opened in late 1966 and Sears, the initial phase of the center was designed by Victor Gruen.
The success of the center brought rapid expansion: an additional wing with Bullock's in 1973, I. Magnin in 1977, Nordstrom in 1978, and Saks Fifth Avenue in 1979.
The opening of the Nordstrom store is considered a seminal event as it was the first Nordstrom store outside of the Pacific Northwest and marked the West Coast and later the nationwide expansion of its chain.
These two stores were anchors at nearby Fashion Island, but were willing to cannibalize sales at that location due to the strong drawing power of South Coast Plaza.
The expansion continued in fall 1987 with an enlargement of Bullock's and the redevelopment of the former Nordstrom as additional center space, including a Tiffany's that opened in fall 1988.
The Crystal Court standalone wing never performed as well as the original center, its separation due both to land restrictions and the fact that May Co. and The Broadway routinely refused to allow each other to build stores at their existing centers, which explains the proximity of so many competing malls throughout Southern California.
In 1991, the I. Magnin location was closed by I. Magnin's new owner, Federated Department Stores and reopened as the first standalone Bullock's Men's store, also owned by Federated.
May Co. and Robinson's merged in 1993 to form Robinsons-May, retaining both locations as separate full-line stores, while the two Bullock's locations and Broadway store were all renamed Macy's in early 1996, with again like Robinson-May, separate stores being maintained on either side of Bear Street.
In 1995, prior to the Federated Department Stores/Broadway Stores merger, Bloomingdale's was in negotiations to build a location at South Coast Plaza, but other anchor tenants would not give permission for its construction.
When Federated merged all the stores into its Macy's West division in 1996, it opted to not convert Broadway's Crystal Court location to Bloomingdale's.
Another $100,000,000 renovation and reconfiguring of the center came in 2000, with Robinsons-May closing its Crystal Court location and expanding the original May Co. store.
The separate Crystal Court name was dropped and the free-standing wing, now called the west wing, was joined to the original center by a -long pedestrian bridge across Bear Street.
The west side was reoriented toward home furnishings, anchored by the former Broadway store, which was refurbished as Macy's Home and Furniture.
The former J. W. Robinson's store was redeveloped as center space at the time, housing primarily Crate & Barrel, Borders Books and Music, and Sport Chalet.
In March 2006, the Robinsons-May store, historically the first store at South Coast Plaza as the May Company, was closed as part of its merger with Macy's and re-opened as Bloomingdale's in May 2007.
South Coast Plaza is still privately held by the Segerstrom family (and the second largest family-owned center in the United States behind the Mall of America), and so is one of the few shopping centers in the United States that have not been purchased by a Real estate investment trust/REIT.
Sandra (Sandy) Segerstrom Daniels a Managing Partner of C. J. Segerstrom & Sons, founded the Festival of Children Foundation in 2002.
One of the most striking additions to the mall was the angular 1973 Bullock's wing designed by Welton Becket and the 1977 I. Magnin wing designed by Frank Gehry.
In 1982, Henry Segerstrom commissioned the sculptor, Isamu Noguchi, to design a small plaza at one end of the South-Coast facility.
Chandeliers took the shape of inverted pyramids, and the escalator atrium leading to the center's third floor is loosely modeled after the Grand Gallery of the Pyramid of Khufu.
In 2000, the pedestrian bridge, known as Bridge of Gardens, and accompanying Garden Terrace were completed by landscape architect Kathryn Gustafson.
South Coast Plaza underwent an intense makeover, with Italian ivory marble replacing the original burgundy tile floors, and travertine to surround new water and fountain features.
Construction began in the Bloomingdale's wing, and was completed in time for the 40th anniversary of South Coast Plaza, in the Fall of 2007, just one year later.
This is the largest remodel for the center since the construction of the Bridge of Gardens connecting the main building with the Crystal Court in 1999, and the exterior/interior remodel of the West building.
The shopping center has about of gross leasable area and over 270 stores, making it one of the largest shopping centers in the United States.
Many ultra-luxury brands, which have very few boutiques nationwide, have chosen South Coast Plaza as one of their few (and for some brands, their only) store locations.
On October 15, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide.
The Sears anchor was closed permanently on January 1, 2019, making it the last original anchor store to close in the mall.
The center is adjacent to Interstate 405 in an area called South Coast Metro, which includes portions of the cities of Costa Mesa and Santa Ana.
Metro Pointe, an outdoor mall and office complex, is located across the street from South Coast Plaza, as are several high-rise office buildings, hotels, and restaurants, as well as the Segerstrom Center for the Arts.
The college has two campuses; the main campus in the town of Brighton, and the Downtown Campus in the City of Rochester.
The college also has off-site learning at the Applied Technologies Center, Monroe County Public Safety Training Facility, and extension sites in East Rochester, Greece, Spencerport, Webster, and online.
The origins of what became known as Monroe Community College begin in 1960, when a well-known local physician, Dr. Samuel J. Stabins (1901 - 1989) recognized the need to prepare students to work in hospitals and health care facilities.
In 1961, MCC became part of the SUNY system, and its program offerings were expanded to prepare graduates for employment, or transfer to a four-year institution.
Three years later in June 1965, MCC became the first college in the nation to receive accreditation within three years of its founding.
The Damon City Campus, named in honor of longtime Trustee E. Kent Damon, opened its doors the following year in downtown Rochester, and educates students in law, criminal justice, human services and K-12 teaching.
Within the past several years MCC has welcomed the additions of the Louis S. and Molly B. Wolk Center for Excellence in Nursing, and the PAC fitness and recreational facility.
MCC occupies two campuses: the main campus on 1000 East Henrietta Road in the Town of Brighton, New York and the Downtown Campus on 321 State Street near Frontier Field and Kodak Tower.
MCC also offers classes at the Applied Technologies Center on West Henrietta Road which includes automotive technologies, heating/cooling ventilation, and precision tooling and machinery.
Of the approximately 41,000 students who take classes through Monroe Community College annually, more than 65 percent are under 25 years old, and more than half are women.
In addition, the college trains the area's workforce through open enrollment and corporate training programs, serving small to mid-size employers such as Melles Griot and large employers including Kodak and Xerox.
Of those graduates who enrolled at MCC to prepare for a career, 89 percent stayed in the greater Rochester area and found work in many local industries.
The radio station (closed circuit/web feed only) is also student operated and there are 57 student clubs and organizations for students to participate in.
The Student Association, of which all currently enrolled student life fee-paying students are members, is governed by the Brighton Campus Student Government Association (SGA) and the Damon Campus Student Events and Governance Association (SEGA).
MCC offers smart classrooms, interactive videoconferencing capabilities, eight electronic learning centers (the largest of which has 100+ workstations), the Warshof Conference Center (open to the public), dental clinic, fitness and dance studios, a new synthetic turf field, and a variety of dining and restaurant options on campus.
Battelle Memorial Institute (more widely known as simply Battelle) is a private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio.
Battelle is a charitable trust organized as a nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State of Ohio and is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code because it is organized for charitable, scientific and education purposes.
The institute opened in 1929 but traces its origins to the 1923 will of Ohio industrialist Gordon Battelle which provided for its creation.
Originally focusing on contract research and development work in the areas of metals and material science, Battelle is now an international science and technology enterprise that explores emerging areas of science, develops and commercializes technology, and manages laboratories for customers.
In addition to its Columbus (Ohio) headquarters, Battelle has offices in Aberdeen (Maryland), West Jefferson (Ohio), Seattle (Washington), Arlington (Virginia), Norwell (Massachusetts), Charlottesville (Virginia), Baltimore (Maryland), Boulder (Colorado) and Egg Harbor Township (New Jersey).
In the 1940s, Battelle's Vice-President of Engineering, John Crout made it possible for Battelle researchers, including William Bixby and Paul Andrus, to develop Chester Carlson's concept of dry copying.
Battelle also developed the first nuclear fuel rods for nuclear reactors, numerous advances in metallurgy that helped advance the United States space program, algorithms and coatings that led to the first optical digital recorder developed by James Russell, which paved the way for the first compact disc, and the first generation jet engines using titanium alloys.
Other advances included the armor plating for tanks in World War II; Snopake, the first correction fluid, developed in 1955; the fuel for the first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus (SSN-571); development of the Universal Product Code in 1965; cruise control for automobiles in 1970; and the first all-sputtered photovoltaic cell for solar energy in 1974.
Battelle has made numerous medical advances, including a 1972 breakthrough development of special tubing to prevent blood clots during surgical procedures, and more recently, the development of reusable insulin injection pen, including dose memory, with Eli Lilly and Co..
Battelle was the contractor for a computer system on which the Voter News Service relied for tallying exit polling data in the November 2002 U.S. Congressional and Senate elections; the system failed and results were not reported until ten months after the election.
Battelle provides funds for a public policy research center at the John Glenn College of Public Affairs of The Ohio State University to focus on scholarly questions associated with science and technology policy.
Mall of Georgia is an enclosed super-regional shopping mall located in unincorporated Gwinnett County, Georgia, near the city of Buford, northeast of Atlanta.
Opened in 1999 like Arbor Place Mall, it is currently the largest shopping mall in both the Atlanta Metropolitan Area and the state of Georgia, consisting of more than two hundred stores on three levels.
The mall's anchor stores include Belk, Dillard's, JCPenney, Macy's, and the state's third Von Maur, while other major stores include Barnes & Noble, Dick's Sporting Goods, and Haverty's.
Also featured in the mall is a large village section, comprising lifestyle tenants and restaurants in an outdoor setting, as well as a 500-seat amphitheater.
In 2017 the Mall of Georgia renovated the indoor food court area by updating the seating arrangements, furniture styles, and color schemes.
The Mall of Georgia opened August 13, 1999 featuring Dillard's, JCPenney, Lord & Taylor and Nordstrom as its anchor stores, with Bed Bath & Beyond, Haverty's, and Galyan's (now Dick's Sporting Goods) as additional mini anchors.
The Mall of Georgia also has a 20-screen Regal Cinemas and an IMAX Theater; other IMAX theaters are located at Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta, The National Infantry Museum at Fort Benning and Regal Augusta Exchange Stadium 20, AMC Southlake 24 in Morrow & IMAX in Augusta.
In 2000, Atlanta-based Rich's was added on, and many more mall stores were added, bringing the total number of stores in the mall to more than 200.
Lord & Taylor closed their location in 2003 citing an overly competitive regional marketplace and was subsequently replaced with a brand new Belk in 2005.
Following Federated Department Stores' (now Macy's, Inc.) decision to consolidate nameplates in 2003, the Rich's store at Mall of Georgia was dual-branded as Rich's-Macy's, and the Rich's name was dropped entirely in 2005.
The statue atop the mall is of Button Gwinnett, one of the first men to sign the United States Declaration of Independence and for whom its location of Gwinnett County is named.
The college has grown from an enrollment of 169 students attending classes at Jamestown High School to an enrollment of 4,476 in a multi-campus institution.
In 1987, JCC opened its Warren Center, located 25 miles south of Jamestown, to provide degrees in business administration and social science.
The satellite operates under a contract with the Warren-Forest Higher Education Council, and it is licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.
Founded in 1950 as a predominantly transfer, liberal arts oriented institution, JCC was among the first community colleges within the State University of New York.
JCC has remained committed to the humanities and liberal arts while expanding to meet the social imperatives of vocational education and community service.
The threefold purpose of the college is to serve those students desiring transfer programs, provide technical and career programs for those who wish to seek employment immediately after graduation, and offer the community the opportunity to pursue part-time study for improvement of job skills and cultural enrichment.
JCC has a variety of chartered clubs and organizations for students to experience, with topics ranging from creative writing to biotechnology.
JCC is a member of the Western New York Athletic Conference and Region III of the National Junior College Athletic Association.
In 2011, the Weeks Gallery received two significant donations – Ken and Lois Strickler donated Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Monroe serigraph and Larry Diggs donated a small-untitled bronze by Louise Nevelson.
Located on the Jamestown Campus of Jamestown Community College, in the Arts and Sciences Center, the Scharmann Theatre hosts dozens of cultural events and lectures a year.
The theatre is named for Robert Lee Scharmann, who first began teaching English and drama at JCC in 1956, and died in 1976.
The current coordinator of the Scharmann Theatre is Robert T. Schlick, and Steven Gustafson, a member of the band 10,000 Maniacs, serves as its technical director.
The halls offer students suite-style living, including four to five fully furnished bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, dining area, and two full bathrooms.
It rises in southern Meagher County in the Castle Mountains and flows northwest in the valley between the Big Belt and Little Belt mountains, past White Sulphur Springs and past Smith River State Park.
It turns north-northwest (NNW), and is joined by Hound Creek in Cascade County, and joins the Missouri approximately southwest of Great Falls.
The Smith is a Class I river from the Camp Baker Fishing Access site near Ft. Logan to its confluence with the Missouri River for public access for recreational purposes.
Noted for its spectacular scenery and blue-ribbon trout fishery, the Smith River is unique in that it has only one public put-in and one public take-out for the entire segment of river.
The Smith River between Camp Baker and Eden Bridge is the only river corridor managed by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks as a permitted river.
Permits for private floats on the Smith River are allocated to the public via a lottery system prior to the spring season.
Areas near the Smith River are currently under review as nearby Meagher County and state agencies investigate construction of the Black Butte Copper Project.
Miami International Mall is an enclosed shopping mall in Doral, Florida in southwestern Metropolitan Miami, only half a mile away from the larger Dolphin Mall.
It was built by the Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. in 1983, which also developed Coral Square for which it is in a similar layout, and is currently managed by Simon Property Group, who owns 47.8% of it, with 130 shops and eateries as well.
From 1983 until 2000, the mall had indoor trees, five fountains to throw pennies in (one in front of each of the anchors), a children's train, and a large cascading floor level fountain in center court.
), and making it a more modern and upscale mall despite having JCPenney, two Macy's stores that were formerly Burdines and Jordan Marsh, and Kohl's (which opened in 2011 in a building previously occupied by Lord & Taylor, Mervyns, and Dillard's) as anchors.
In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at Miami International Mall, into Seritage Growth Properties.
On August 23, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 46 stores nationwide.
James Madison University, University of Toronto, Saint Mary's University, Queen's University, University of Waterloo, McMaster University, University of Western Ontario, University of Ottawa, St. Olaf College, and Messiah College are all schools that use this system.
Flex dollars are not common tender, but rather scrip or local currency that can be used to purchase items such as food, snacks, and school supplies.
The employee instead of having a deductible or a certain percentage of coverage is assigned a pool of flex dollars to assign as they are required.
The obvious advantage to this is the ability to assign a much larger amount of coverage to one area while not being covered in another world.
The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96).
His claim to the throne was quickly challenged by legions stationed in the Eastern provinces, who declared their commander Vespasian emperor in his place.
The Second Battle of Bedriacum tilted the balance decisively in favour of the Flavian forces, who entered Rome on December 20.
The reign of Titus was struck by multiple natural disasters, the most severe of which was the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79.
On the military front, the Flavian dynasty witnessed the siege and destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in 70, following the failed Jewish rebellion of 66.
Substantial conquests were made in Great Britain under command of Gnaeus Julius Agricola between 77 and 83, while Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory against King Decebalus in the war against the Dacians.
Under Vespasian, new taxes were devised to restore the Empire's finances, while Domitian revalued the Roman coinage by increasing its silver content.
A massive building programme was enacted by Titus, to celebrate the ascent of the Flavian dynasty, leaving multiple enduring landmarks in the city of Rome, the most spectacular of which was the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum.
The Flavian dynasty was unique among the four dynasties of the Principate Era, in that it was only one man and his two sons, without any extended or adopted family.
Decades of civil war during the 1st century BC had contributed greatly to the demise of the old aristocracy of Rome, which was gradually replaced in prominence by a new Italian nobility during the early part of the 1st century AD.
Nevertheless, Petro managed to improve his status by marrying the extremely wealthy Tertulla, whose fortune guaranteed the upward mobility of Petro's son Titus Flavius Sabinus I. Sabinus himself amassed further wealth and possible equestrian status through his services as tax collector in Asia and banker in Helvetia (modern Switzerland).
They had two sons, Titus Flavius Vespasianus (born in 39) and Titus Flavius Domitianus (born in 51), and a daughter, Domitilla (born in 45).
The political career of Vespasian included the offices of quaestor, aedile and praetor, and culminated with a consulship in 51, the year Domitian was born.
Nevertheless, ancient sources allege poverty for the Flavian family at the time of Domitian's upbringing, even claiming Vespasian had fallen into disrepute under the emperors Caligula (37–41) and Nero (54–68).
Modern history has refuted these claims, suggesting these stories were later circulated under Flavian rule as part of a propaganda campaign to diminish success under the less reputable Emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, and maximize achievements under Emperor Claudius (41–54) and his son Britannicus.
Following a prolonged period of retirement during the 50s, he returned to public office under Nero, serving as proconsul of the Africa province in 63, and accompanying the emperor during an official tour of Greece in 66.
Her uncle Barea Soranus and his daughter Servilia were among those who were killed after the failed Pisonian conspiracy of 65.
The only one known to have survived to adulthood was Julia Flavia, perhaps Titus's child by Arrecina, whose mother was also named Julia.
The pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled the city to Galilee where they later gave themselves up to the Romans.
Nero appointed Vespasian to put down the rebellion, and dispatched him to the region at once with the fifth and tenth legions.
On 9 June 68, amidst the growing opposition of the Senate and the army, Nero committed suicide, and with him the Julio-Claudian dynasty came to an end.
Chaos ensued, leading to a year of brutal civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors, during which the four most influential generals in the Roman Empire—Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian—successively vied for the imperial power.
Before reaching Italy, however, Titus learnt that Galba had been murdered and replaced by Otho, the governor of Lusitania (modern Portugal).
At the same time, Vitellius and his armies in Germania had risen in revolt, and prepared to march on Rome, intent on overthrowing Otho.
Not wanting to risk being taken hostage by one side or the other, Titus abandoned the journey to Rome and rejoined his father in Judaea.
His position in Judaea further granted him the advantage of being nearest to the vital province of Egypt, which controlled the grain supply to Rome.
Tensions among the Flavian troops ran high, but as long as Galba and Otho remained in power, Vespasian refused to take action.
When Otho was defeated by Vitellius at the First Battle of Bedriacum, however, the armies in Judaea and Egypt took matters into their own hands and declared Vespasian emperor on 1 July 69.
A strong force drawn from the Judaean and Syrian legions marched on Rome under the command of Mucianus, while Vespasian himself traveled to Alexandria, leaving Titus in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion.
On 24 October 69 the forces of Vitellius and Vespasian clashed at the Second Battle of Bedriacum, which ended in a crushing defeat for the armies of Vitellius.
Terms of peace, including a voluntary abdication, were agreed upon with Titus Flavius Sabinus II, but the soldiers of the Praetorian Guard—the imperial bodyguard—considered such a resignation disgraceful, and prevented Vitellius from carrying out the treaty.
On the morning of 18 December, the emperor appeared to deposit the imperial insignia at the Temple of Concord, but at the last minute retraced his steps to the imperial palace.
In the confusion, the leading men of the state gathered at Sabinus' house, proclaiming Vespasian Emperor, but the multitude dispersed when Vitellian cohorts clashed with the armed escort of Sabinus, who was forced to retreat to the Capitoline Hill.
The armies of Mucianus were nearing Rome, but the besieged Flavian party did not hold out for longer than a day.
Domitian himself managed to escape by disguising himself as a worshipper of Isis, and spent the night in safety with one of his father's supporters.
Although the war had officially ended, a state of anarchy and lawlessness pervaded in the first days following the demise of Vitellius.
Order was properly restored by Mucianus in early 70, who headed an interim government with Domitian as the representative of the Flavian family in the Senate.
Upon receiving the tidings of his rival's defeat and death at Alexandria, the new Emperor at once forwarded supplies of urgently needed grain to Rome, along with an edict or a declaration of policy, in which he gave assurance of an entire reversal of the laws of Nero, especially those relating to treason.
Vespasian spent his first year as a ruler in Egypt, during which the administration of the empire was given to Mucianus, aided by Vespasian's son Domitian.
In mid-70, Vespasian first came to Rome and immediately embarked on a widespread propaganda campaign to consolidate his power and promote the new dynasty.
His reign is best known for financial reforms following the demise of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, such as the institution of the tax on urinals, and the numerous military campaigns fought during the 70s.
The most significant of these was the First Jewish-Roman War, which ended in the destruction of the city of Jerusalem by Titus.
Vespasian helped rebuild Rome after the civil war, adding a temple to peace and beginning construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum.
The ancient historians that lived through the period such as Tacitus, Suetonius, Josephus and Pliny the Elder speak well of Vespasian while condemning the emperors that came before him.
Despite initial concerns over his character, Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian on June 23, 79, and was considered a good emperor by Suetonius and other contemporary historians.
In this role he is best known for his public building program in Rome, and completing the construction of the Colosseum in 80, but also for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters, the Mount Vesuvius eruption of 79, and the fire of Rome of 80.
He revived practice of the imperial cult, deified his father, and laid foundations for what would later become the Temple of Vespasian and Titus, which was finished by Domitian.
After barely two years in office, Titus unexpectedly died of a fever on September 13, 81, and was deified by the Roman Senate.
Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard the day after Titus' death, commencing a reign which lasted more than fifteen years—longer than any man who had governed Rome since Tiberius.
Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage, expanded the border defenses of the Empire, and initiated a massive building programme to restore the damaged city of Rome.
In Britain, Gnaeus Julius Agricola expanded the Roman Empire as far as modern day Scotland, but in Dacia, Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory in the war against the Dacians.
Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Roman Senate, with which he had a notoriously difficult relationship throughout his reign.
Senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger and Suetonius published histories after his death, propagating the view of Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant.
Modern history has rejected these views, instead characterising Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat, whose cultural, economic and political programme provided the foundation for the Principate of the peaceful 2nd century.
Since the fall of the Republic, the authority of the Roman Senate had largely eroded under the quasi-monarchical system of government established by Augustus, known as the Principate.
Most Emperors upheld the public facade of democracy, and in return the Senate implicitly acknowledged the Emperor's status as a de facto monarch.
The civil war of 69 had made it abundantly clear that real power in the Empire lay with control over the army.
When Vespasian returned to Rome in mid-70, he immediately embarked on a series of efforts to consolidate his power and prevent future revolts.
Non-Flavians were virtually excluded from important public offices, even those who had been among Vespasian's earliest supporters during the civil war.
Mucianus slowly disappears from the historical records during this time, and it is believed he died sometime between 75 and 77.
That it was Vespasian's intention to found a long-lasting dynasty to govern the Roman Empire was most evident in the powers he conferred upon his eldest son Titus.
Titus shared tribunician power with his father, received seven consulships, the censorship, and perhaps most remarkably, was given command of the Praetorian Guard.
Because Titus effectively acted as co-emperor with his father, no abrupt change in Flavian policy occurred during his brief reign from 79 until 81.
Once Emperor, he quickly dispensed with the Republican facade and transformed his government more or less formally into the divine monarchy he believed it to be.
He became personally involved in all branches of the administration: edicts were issued governing the smallest details of everyday life and law, while taxation and public morals were rigidly enforced.
Whereas his father and brother had virtually excluded non-Flavians from public office, Domitian rarely favoured his own family members in the distribution of strategic posts, admitting a surprisingly large number of provincials and potential opponents to the consulship, and assigning men of the equestrian order to run the imperial bureaucracy.
After Vespasian arrived in Rome in mid-70, Mucianus continued to press Vespasian to collect as many taxes as possible, renewing old ones and instituting new ones.
Upon his accession, Domitian revalued the Roman coinage to the standard of Augustus, increasing the silver content of the denarius by 12%.
An imminent crisis in 85, however, forced a devaluation to the Neronian standard of 65, but this was still higher than the level which Vespasian and Titus had maintained during their reign, and Domitian's rigorous taxation policy ensured that this standard was sustained for the following eleven years.
Coin types from this era display a highly consistent degree of quality, including meticulous attention to Domitian's titulature, and exceptionally refined artwork on the reverse portraits.
Jones estimates Domitian's annual income at more than 1,200 million sestertii, of which over one-third would presumably have been spent on maintaining the Roman army.
The most significant military campaign undertaken during the Flavian period was the siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 by Titus.
Accompanied by Vespasian and Domitian, he rode into the city, enthusiastically saluted by the Roman populace and preceded by a lavish parade containing treasures and captives from the war.
Josephus describes a procession with large amounts of gold and silver carried along the route, followed by elaborate re-enactments of the war, Jewish prisoners, and finally the treasures taken from the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah and the Torah.
Leaders of the resistance were executed in the Forum, after which the procession closed with religious sacrifices at the Temple of Jupiter.
The conquest of Britain continued under command of Gnaeus Julius Agricola, who expanded the Roman Empire as far as Caledonia, or modern day Scotland, between 77 and 84.
He fortified the coast facing Ireland, and Tacitus recalls that his father-in-law often claimed the island could be conquered with a single legion and a few auxiliaries.
This conquest never happened, but some historians believe that the crossing referred to was in fact a small-scale exploratory or punitive expedition to Ireland.
In the summer of 84, Agricola faced the armies of the Caledonians, led by Calgacus, at the Battle of Mons Graupius.
Although the Romans inflicted heavy losses on the Caledonians, two-thirds of their army managed to escape and hide in the Scottish marshes and Highlands, ultimately preventing Agricola from bringing the entire British island under his control.
The military campaigns undertaken during Domitian's reign were usually defensive in nature, as the Emperor rejected the idea of expansionist warfare.
His most significant military contribution was the development of the Limes Germanicus, which encompassed a vast network of roads, forts and watchtowers constructed along the Rhine river to defend the Empire.
Nevertheless, several important wars were fought in Gaul, against the Chatti, and across the Danube frontier against the Suebi, the Sarmatians, and the Dacians.
Led by King Decebalus, the Dacians invaded the province of Moesia around 84 or 85, wreaking considerable havoc and killing the Moesian governor, Oppius Sabinus.
In 87, the Romans invaded Dacia once more, this time under command of Tettius Julianus, and finally managed to defeat Decebalus late in 88, at the same site where Fuscus had previously been killed.
An attack on Dacia's capital was abandoned, however, when a crisis arose on the German frontier, forcing Domitian to sign a peace treaty with Decebalus which was severely criticized by contemporary authors.
For the remainder of Domitian's reign Dacia remained a relatively peaceful client kingdom, but Decebalus used the Roman money to fortify his defenses, and continued to defy Rome.
Again, the Roman army sustained heavy losses, but Trajan succeeded in capturing Sarmizegetusa and, importantly, annexed the gold and silver mines of Dacia.
Although his administration was marked by a relative absence of major military or political conflicts, Titus faced a number of major disasters during his brief reign.
On August 24, 79, barely two months after his accession, Mount Vesuvius erupted, resulting in the almost complete destruction of life and property in the cities and resort communities around the Bay of Naples.
Titus appointed two ex-consuls to organise and coordinate the relief effort, while personally donating large amounts of money from the imperial treasury to aid the victims of the volcano.
Since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city at the height of the Roman Empire, frozen at the moment it was buried on August 24, 79.
Although the extent of the damage was not as disastrous as during the Great Fire of 64, crucially sparing the many districts of insulae, Cassius Dio records a long list of important public buildings that were destroyed, including Agrippa's Pantheon, the Temple of Jupiter, the Diribitorium, parts of Pompey's Theatre and the Saepta Julia among others.
In 78 or 79, Eprius Marcellus and Aulus Caecina Alienus attempted to incite the Praetorian Guard to mutiny against Vespasian, but the conspiracy was thwarted by Titus.
According to the historian John Crook, however, the alleged conspiracy was in fact a calculated plot by the Flavian faction to remove members of the opposition tied to Mucianus, with the mutinous address found on Caecina's body a forgery by Titus.
Domitian appears to have met with several conspiracies during his reign, one of which led to his eventual assassination in 96.
The first significant revolt arose on 1 January 89, when the governor of Germania Superior, Lucius Antonius Saturninus, and his two legions at Mainz, Legio XIV Gemina and Legio XXI Rapax, rebelled against the Roman Empire with the aid of the Chatti.
The Senatorial officers may have disapproved of Domitian's military strategies, such as his decision to fortify the German frontier rather than attack, his recent retreat from Britain, and finally the disgraceful policy of appeasement towards Decebalus.
At any rate, the uprising was strictly confined to Saturninus' province, and quickly detected once the rumour spread across the neighbouring provinces.
The governor of Germania Inferior, Lappius Maximus, moved to the region at once, assisted by the procurator of Rhaetia, Titus Flavius Norbanus.
The mutinous legions were sent to the front in Illyricum, while those who had assisted in their defeat were duly rewarded.
Both Tacitus and Suetonius speak of escalating persecutions toward the end of Domitian's reign, identifying a point of sharp increase around 93, or sometime after the failed revolt of Saturninus in 89.
At least twenty senatorial opponents were executed, including Domitia Longina's former husband Lucius Aelius Lamia and three of Domitian's own family members, Titus Flavius Sabinus IV, Titus Flavius Clemens and Marcus Arrecinus Clemens.
Since the reign of Tiberius, the rulers of the Julio-Claudian dynasty had legitimized their power through adopted-line descent from Augustus and Julius Caesar.
Vespasian approved histories written under his reign, assuring biases against him were removed, while also giving financial rewards to contemporary writers.
The ancient historians that lived through the period such as Tacitus, Suetonius, Josephus and Pliny the Elder speak suspiciously well of Vespasian while condemning the emperors that came before him.
To foster the worship of the imperial family, Domitian erected a dynastic mausoleum on the site of Vespasian's former house on the Quirinal, and completed the Temple of Vespasian and Titus, a shrine dedicated to the worship of his deified father and brother.
To memorialize the military triumphs of the Flavian family, he ordered the construction of the Templum Divorum and the Templum Fortuna Redux, and completed the Arch of Titus.
In order to further justify the divine nature of Flavian rule, Domitian also emphasized connections with the chief deity Jupiter, most significantly through the impressive restoration of the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill.
The Flavian dynasty is perhaps best known for its vast construction programme in the city of Rome, intended to restore the capital from the damage it had suffered during the Great Fire of 64, and the civil war of 69.
In 75 a colossal statue of Apollo, begun under Nero as a statue of himself, was finished on Vespasian's orders, and he also dedicated a stage of the theater of Marcellus.
Construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, presently better known as the Colosseum (probably after the nearby statue), was begun in 70 under Vespasian and finally completed in 80 under Titus.
In addition to providing spectacular entertainments to the Roman populace, the building was conceived as a gigantic triumphal monument to commemorate the military achievements of the Flavians during the Jewish wars.
Adjacent to the amphitheatre, within the precinct of Nero's Golden House, Titus also ordered the construction of a new public bath-house, which was to bear his name.
The bulk of the Flavian construction projects were carried out during the reign of Domitian, who spent lavishly to restore and embellish the city of Rome.
Much more than a renovation project, however, Domitian's building programme was intended to be the crowning achievement of an Empire-wide cultural renaissance.
Among the most important new structures were an Odeum, a Stadium, and an expansive palace on the Palatine Hill, known as the Flavian Palace, which was designed by Domitian's master architect Rabirius.
The most important building Domitian restored was the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill, which was said to have been covered with a gilded roof.
Among those he completed were the Temple of Vespasian and Titus, the Arch of Titus, and the Colosseum, to which he added a fourth level and finished the interior seating area.
The Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre lasted for a hundred days and were said to be extremely elaborate, including gladiatorial combat, fights between wild animals (elephants and cranes), mock naval battles for which the theatre was flooded, horse races and chariot races.
During the games, wooden balls were dropped into the audience, inscribed with various prizes (clothing, gold, or even slaves), which could then be traded for the designated item.
He also revived the practice of public banquets, which had been reduced to a simple distribution of food under Nero, while he invested large sums on entertainment and games.
In 86, he founded the Capitoline Games, a quadrennial contest comprising athletic displays, chariot races, and competitions for oratory, music and acting.
Innovations were also introduced into the regular gladiatorial games, such as naval contests, night-time battles, and female and dwarf gladiator fights.
Finally, he added two new factions, Gold and Purple, to chariot races, besides the regular White, Red, Green and Blue teams.
Although all three have been criticised, especially based on their more centralised style of rule, they issued reforms that created a stable enough empire to last well into the 3rd century.
Little factual information survives about Vespasian's government during the ten years he was emperor, his reign is best known for financial reforms following the demise of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
For example, much money was spent on public works and the restoration and beautification of Rome: a new forum, the Temple of Peace, the public baths and the Colosseum.
All the surviving accounts from this period, many of them written by his own contemporaries such as Suetonius Tranquilius, Cassius Dio, and Pliny the Elder, present a highly favourable view towards Titus.
For example, one legend in the Babylonian Talmud describes Titus as having had sex with a whore on a Torah scroll inside the Temple during its destruction.
Although contemporary historians vilified Domitian after his death, his administration provided the foundation for the peaceful empire of the 2nd century CE, and the culmination of the 'Pax Romana'.
Much more than a gloomy coda to the 1st century, the Roman Empire prospered between 81 and 96, in a reign which Theodor Mommsen described as the sombre but intelligent despotism of Domitian.
When Mitchel Air Force Base closed, the college obtained substantial property, including buildings to develop its new campus, on what is now known as Mitchel Field.
Nassau Community College annually awards the largest number of Associate degrees in the State of New York and the third largest number of Associate degrees for a single campus two-year public colleges in the United States.
The strongest programs at Nassau Community College are music, mathematics, physics, chemistry, engineering, civil engineering technology, electrical engineering technology, sound recording, and nursing.
NCC offers Associate of Arts degrees in liberal arts, focused on humanities and social sciences, specialized Associate of Arts and Associate of Science transfer degrees, and Associate of Arts and Science degrees and certificate programs designed to serve immediate employment goals of students.
Intern/work-study opportunities with local, national and international businesses and organizations are available for students in both career and liberal arts programs.
He also wrote TCP Wrapper and collaborated with Dan Farmer to produce the computer security tools SATAN and The Coroner's Toolkit.
He spent 12 years at Eindhoven University as a systems architect in the Mathematics and Computer Science department, and spent part of this time writing tools for Electronic Data Interchange.
Since emigrating to the U.S. in 1996 and until 2015, he has been working for the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York State.
It replaced parts of the British-era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death.
Because of this stringent standard, no accused has ever been found guilty and stoned to death in Pakistan, and punishments have been awarded only under the Tazir provision of the Hudood Ordinance.
It specifies that whips shall be made of leather, or a cane or a branch of a tree, be no longer than 1.22 meters and no thicker than 1.25 cm.
In 1996 the Abolition of Whipping Act (passed by Benazir Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party), forbade sentences/punishments of whipping offenders except when imposed as a hadd punishment.
In the two and a half decades the law was unchanged, several Pakistani government appointed commissions recommended the Zina Ordinance's repeal (such as the National Commission for the Status of Women in 2003, the Special Committee to Review the Hudood Ordinances, 1979, Commission of Inquiry for Women).
Critics of the law alleged that while no one had actually been executed by stoning or had their hand or foot amputated in punishment as a result of the law, the ordinance made it exceptionally difficult and dangerous to prove an allegation of rape.
While it was easy to file a case against a woman accusing her of adultery, the Zina Ordinance made it very difficult for a woman to obtain bail pending trial.
Worse, in actual practice, the vast majority of accused women were found guilty by the trial court only to be acquitted on appeal to the Federal Shariat Court.
In principal, the failure to find such proof of the rape does not place the woman herself at risk of prosecution.
2 clearly states that if someone approaches the legal authorities with a rape complaint, she cannot be punished in case she is unable to present four witnesses.
Stories of suffering by women who claimed to have been raped appeared in the press in the years following the passing of the Hudood Ordinance stirring protests by Pakistani activists and lawyers and international human rights organizations.
The evidence of guilt was there for all to see: a newborn baby in the arms of its mother, a village woman named Zafran Bibi.
Thumping a fat red statute book, the white-bearded judge who convicted her, Anwar Ali Khan, said he had simply followed the letter of the Qur'an-based law, known as hudood, that mandates punishments.
Another scenario for some of the accusations of adultery leading to imprisonment was following divorce by the husband and remarriage by the ex-wife.
The husband then claims that sans the confirmation of divorce by the local authorities the marriage is not over and launches a zina prosecution.
84% of those convicted in district and sessions courts under Hudood law were men, and 90% of those whose convictions were upheld by the FSC were men, the law cannot be accused of gender bias.
The bill was ratified by the Senate on 23 November 2006, and became law after President Musharraf signed it on 1 December 2006.
The reforms have come under considerable opposition from Islamist groups in Pakistan, who insist that law should stay following the sharia.
Other legal experts have claimed that the original law was not so unbalanced as its opponents claimed or that the reforms will be impossible to enforce.
Empire State College is a multi-site institution offering associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, and distance degrees worldwide through the Center for Distance Learning.
Empire State College is the only SUNY institution that offers open admissions, is adult-serving, and has a majority of online students.
Empire State College's Center for International Programs also has special programs for students in Lebanon through the American University of Science and Technology, Czech Republic, and Greece.
It also has arranged learning opportunities with UAW-Ford University, United Steelworkers of America, Corporate Noncredit Training, eArmyU, Navy College Program and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (Local Union #3).
In 1971, Ernest L. Boyer, chancellor of the State University of New York, conceived a new college for the state's public university: a college dedicated to adult, student-centered education.
Empire State College would invite people into higher education by removing impediments to access such as time, location, institutional processes, and even curricular custom, as well as habits of learning and teaching.
At the core of the learning-teaching environment is individualized study and the creation of an individual degree plan that is supported by a faculty mentor to whom each student is assigned.
Empire State College students can take advantage of multiple modes of study including guided independent studies, study groups, intensive residencies, online courses and blended-learning experiences.
The college also was one of the first institutions in the United States to develop a program of prior learning assessment, whereby students may earn college credit through assessment of prior learning from their work and life experiences.
The college offers flexible programs, including distance education, extensive transfers of credits from other universities, prior-learning assessment for knowledge gained through independent studies, standardized evaluations, and the opportunity to design one's own degree with an academic advisor or mentor.
In 1963, possessing incipient artistic gifts, she painted at the studio of La Grande Chaumière in Paris before registering at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, France's leading school of fine arts.
Miyuki Tanobe’s arrival in Canada in 1971 came as a result of a chance meeting in Paris with Maurice Savignac, her future husband, a French Canadian from Montreal.
A painting by Miyuki Tanobe goes to the heart of the matter: the artist is interested in opening the viewers' eyes so that they may better see the familiar and adjust their perceptions of what they think they know.
Working with superimposed layers and applying pigments with her pliable, flexible Japanese brush, Miyuki Tanobe succeeds in revealing unexpected aspects of the objects and people she depicts without making them difficult to read.
The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts has one very large painting by Tanobe, as does the Musée du Québec, the Musée de Joliette and the Saidye Bronfman Museum in Montreal.
Her work is found in the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Musée de Joliette, Musée Saidye Bronfman, Montréal.
Her work is also in the private collections of Lavalin, C. I. L. Montreal, La Laurentienne, Montreal, Pratt & Whitney, Shell Canada, and Reader’s Digest.
The mall has 114 stores as well as a large food court and is , making it the third largest mall in New Hampshire after the Mall at Rockingham Park in Salem, and the Pheasant Lane Mall in Nashua, which opened in 1991 and 1986, respectively.
This was the first large-scale shopping mall in New Hampshire; initial construction of the mall was completed in August 1977, though it has since been dramatically expanded.
The mall is also 44 percent owned by the CPP Investment Board, which manages the Canada Pension Plan national pension system.
The mall is located just off the South Willow Street exit (Exit 1) of Interstate 293, and has convenient access from the entire Golden Triangle of New Hampshire and portions of northeastern Massachusetts.
Because of its location in south-central New Hampshire, the mall, along with other area malls draw a significant portion of its customer base from Massachusetts citizens, as well as residents of neighboring Maine and Vermont, wishing to take advantage of New Hampshire's lack of sales tax.
In 2006, as a result of the Federated/May merger, all Filene's locations, including the one at the mall, were closed, followed by most of them, including the Mall of New Hampshire location changing over to Macy's.
In April 2013, JCPenney went under another big renovation on both the top and bottom levels of their store, adding in a Sephora to help ease customers from going to the locations down at the Mall at Rockingham Park and the Pheasant Lane Mall.
In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at Mall of New Hampshire, into Seritage Growth Properties.
The term was common in medicine before the 20th century, but such drugs are now more often known as analgesics or painkillers.
Some definitions restrict the term to topical medications, including herbal simples such as onion, lily, root of mallows, leaves of violet, and elderberry.
Certain compound medicines were also called by this name, such as anodyne balsam, made of castile soap, camphor, saffron, and spirit of wine, and digested in a sand heat.
Ozy and Millie is a daily comic strip that ran from 1998 to 2008, created by Dana Simpson (originally published under D.C. Simpson) and syndicated by North America Syndicate and Andrews McMeel Syndication.
It follows the adventures of assorted anthropomorphized animals, centering on Ozy and Millie, two young foxes attending North Harbordale Elementary School in Seattle, contending with everyday elementary school issues such as tests and bullies, as well as more surreal situations.
The comic was part of Keenspot from 2001 to 2003, going independent for several years before returning to Keenspot in November 2006.
He is adept at letting Millie's pranks pass by without effect, but he does suffer bullying at the hands of the school jock, Jeremy, who likes to stuff Ozy into trash cans.
Although it is caused by a gypsy curse (later revealed by Llewellyn to be a myth) which has passed on through Ozy's adoptive father's heritage largely unnoticed, it does affect Ozy badly since he is the first Llewellyn with any hair to lose.
Unlike Ozy, who is calm, Millie is chaotic and manic, both in the destruction she leaves behind and the ways she devises of avoiding work.
She is a rebel and is opposed to any form of authority, which regularly leads to confrontations with both her teacher, Ms. Sorkowitz, and her mother, Mililani Mudd.
Although she is normally manic, she also has a strong sense of justice, facing the inexplicable wrongs of life and the world she sees.
Millie says aloud what others think, and does what others, for fear of reaction from the people around them, would not dare.
She, like Ozy, often tries to answer the most important questions in life, but her method of finding the answers makes her unique.
She was like Millie in her childhood, and as a result knows how to deal with any trouble caused by her, much to Millie's annoyance.
While Ms. Mudd knows how to deal with Millie, she is also the first to lend her support if there is anything amiss.
Another character is Pirate Captain Locke, a child pirate from an alternate dimension on the other side of Llewellyn's couch, in which people age backwards.
The first Progressive Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held in 1927, when the party was called the Conservative Party.
Prior to then the party's leader was chosen by the caucus or in several cases by the Governor General of Canada designating a Conservative MP or Senator to form a government after the retirement or death of an incumbent Conservative Prime Minister.
Arthur Meighen agreed to serve a second term as leader in 1941 on condition that he would not have to contest the position.
Jean Charest was one of only two Progressive Conservative Members of Parliament returned in the 1993 election and was appointed leader by the party's executive with the decision later being affirmed at a regular party convention two years later.
All leadership conventions were delegated conventions, except in 1998 when a one-member-one-vote process was used in which each riding was allocated 100 points which were distributed among candidates by proportional representation.
For the 2003 leadership election, the party reverted to use of a delegated convention, ostensibly because of the cost of using an one-member-one-vote process though it has been argued that the party feared that use of one-member-one-vote would make an outside takeover of the party easier due to a decline in membership.
George Halsey Perley, H. H. Stevens, John Allister Currie, John Baxter, Howard Ferguson, Edgar Nelson Rhodes, and outgoing leader Arthur Meighen were all nominated but declined to run.
In November 1941 a national conference of the party voted against having a leadership convention and instead appointed Arthur Meighen as the party's wartime leader.
The 1995 leadership convention was held at the Palais des congrès de Gatineau in Hull, Quebec on April 29, 1995, to ratify Jean Charest as leader.
Charest had been named interim leader following the 1993 federal election (and Kim Campbell's resignation as party leader), which reduced the Progressive Conservatives to only two seats, with Charest being the only cabinet minister to win re-election.
The 1998 election used a point system that allocated 100 points to each riding, regardless of the number of votes cast in the riding.
Mennons' first edition had a global scoop: news of the treaties of Versailles, reached Mennons via the Lord Provost of Glasgow just as he was putting the paper together.
The company took its name from the paper's editor of 19 years, George Outram, an Edinburgh advocate best known in Glasgow for composing light verse.
In 1895, the publication moved to a building in Mitchell Street designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, which now houses the architecture centre, The Lighthouse.
Columnist and political pundit David Torrance, however, is more sceptical about the need for – and prospect of – a new Scottish state.
Other prominent columnists include Alison Rowat, who covers everything from cinema to international statecraft; novelist Rosemary Goring; Marianne Taylor; Catriona Stewart; former Scottish justice secretary and SNP politician Kenny MacAskill; Fidelma Cook; and Kevin McKenna.
Currently edited by Ken Smith, the column has been spun off in to a popular series of books since the 1980s.
They are distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals.
They occur most frequently at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 AU from the Sun are C-type.
The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, because C-types are much darker (and therefore less detectable) than most other asteroid types except for D-types and others that are mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
The latter are very close in chemical composition to the Sun and the primitive solar nebula minus hydrogen, helium and other volatiles.
Consequently, whereas a number of S-type asteroids can normally be viewed with binoculars at opposition, even the largest C-type asteroids require a small telescope.
The potentially brightest C-type asteroid is 324 Bamberga, but that object's very high eccentricity means it rarely reaches its maximum magnitude.
Their spectra contain moderately strong ultraviolet absorption at wavelengths below about 0.4 μm to 0.5 μm, while at longer wavelengths they are largely featureless but slightly reddish.
The largest unequivocally C-type asteroid is 10 Hygiea, although the SMASS classification places the largest asteroid, 1 Ceres, here as well, because that scheme lacks a G-type.
These are thought to be pieces of the metallic core of differentiated asteroids that were fragmented by impacts, and are thought to be the source of iron meteorites.
For example, 22 Kalliope has an accurately known density that is far too low for a solid metallic object or even a metal rubble pile: a rubble pile of iron-nickel metal would need about 70% porosity which is inconsistent with packing considerations.
22 Kalliope and 21 Lutetia have features in their spectra which appear to indicate the presence of hydration minerals and silicates, anomalously low radar albedos inconsistent with a metallic surface, as well as characteristics more in common with C-type asteroids.
M-type spectra are flat to reddish and usually devoid of large features, although subtle absorption features longward of 0.75 μm and shortward of 0.55 μm are sometimes present.
21 Lutetia, an anomalous, probably non-metallic body, was the first M-type asteroid to be imaged by a spacecraft when the Rosetta space probe visited it on July 10, 2010.
Another M-type asteroid, 216 Kleopatra, was imaged by radar by the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, and has a dog bone-like shape.
M-type was one of three basic asteroid types in early classifications (the others being the S- and C-types), and was thought to indicate a metallic body.
They form a large proportion of asteroids inward of the asteroid belt known as Hungaria asteroids, but rapidly become very rare as the asteroid belt proper is entered.
Probably because they originated from the edge of a larger parent body rather than a core, E-types are all small, with only three (44 Nysa, 55 Pandora, 64 Angelina) having diameters above 50 kilometres and no others above 25 kilometers (the biggest three also orbit atypically far, c.3 AU, from the Sun).
Aubrites (enstatite achondrite meteorites) are believed to come from E-type asteroids, because Aubrites could be linked to the E-type asteroid 3103 Eger.
The dispersal of most of that hypothetical E-Belt might have been caused by the outwards migration of the gas giants of the Solar System according to simulations done under the Nice model – and these dispersed E-Belt asteroids might in turn have been the impactors of the Late Heavy Bombardment.
Spectral data from the spacecraft confirmed the asteroid was composed mainly of iron-poor minerals such as enstatite (magnesium-rich pyroxene), forsterite (magnesium-rich olivine) and feldspar.
Seventy is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of several denominations within the Latter Day Saint movement, including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Latter Day Saints teach that the office of seventy was anciently conferred upon the seventy disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke .
As originally envisioned by Latter Day Saint movement founder Joseph Smith in the 1830s, the seventy were to be a body composed of several separate quorums of up to 70 seventies each, all of which would be led by seven presidents.
In the LDS Church, the largest of the Latter Day Saint denominations, the quorums of the seventy are directed and supervised hierarchically by the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, who are in turn directed by the First Presidency.
As introduced by Smith, the apostles and the seventy had authority only outside the main body of Latter Day Saints in Zion, and in the outlying stakes.
Members in Zion and the stakes were led by the High Council of Zion (under the direction of the First Presidency) and stake high councils.
As a body, the seventy in the LDS Church are considered to be equal in priesthood authority with the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.
This presumably means that if the apostles were killed or incapacitated, the seventy could take over the function of the apostles.
Historically, the First Quorum of the Seventy came into being in 1835 when seven men were set apart as the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy.
In 1837, six of the seven presidents were released because it was discovered that they had previously been ordained high priests.
Since 2005, the Quorums of the Seventy in the LDS Church have been organized into eight quorums with a presidency of seven.
The seventy act as emissaries of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and First Presidency of the church in organizing, training, proselytizing, and administering to millions of people scattered all across the globe.
Members of the First and the Second Quorums of the Seventy are general authorities of the church with responsibilities covering the church as a whole.
Members of the Third through Eighth Quorums of the Seventy are called an area seventy and are ordained to the priesthood office of seventy, but they are not general authorities of the church.
Part of the function of the seventy is a missionary role and he or she works closely with the apostle in charge of his or her mission field.
These presidents make up the Council of Presidents of Seventy, and are collectively led by the Senior President of the Presidents of Seventy.
When someone is ordained a seventy, that person automatically becomes a member of one of the Ten Quorums, and remains a member of one of the Quorums (although the specific quorum may change based on residency) so long as that person remains a seventy.
However, on January 17, 2010, President–Prophet Stephen M. Veazey announced that the number of quorums (and presidents) could be flexible, based on the current needs of the church.
The change from seven to ten quorums occurred after the acceptance of Doctrine and Covenants Section 164 at the World Conference in April 2010.
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad or IIMA), is a leading public business school and an Institute of National Importance located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Established in 1961, the institute offers master's degree programmes in management and agri-business management, a fellowship programme and a number of executive training programmes.
IIM Ahmedabad was established on 11 December 1961 with the active support of the Government of India, the Government of Gujarat, Harvard Business School, and prominent members of Indian industry.
The campus houses the academic blocks, faculty offices, student and faculty accommodation, the Vikram Sarabhai Library, the R.J. Matthai Auditorium, the Louis Kahn Plaza, the International Management Development Centre, the Kasturbhai Lalbhai Management Development Centre, the Centre for Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship, sport facilities, several food outlets and merchandise stores.
In 1962, the IIMA board came to a formal agreement with the National Institute of Design (NID) for the latter to undertake the task of designing the IIM Ahmedabad campus.
Kahn's architecture is characterized by the use of exposed red bricks, the extensive use of geometric shapes in hostels and academic blocks and vast corridors outside the classrooms.
In year 2016, Tata Consultancy Services partnered with the university with a grant of to restore the library for digital learning and collaboration.
Like other IIMs, IIM Ahmedabad currently offers master's degree in management as per the approval of the Indian Institute of Management Bill, 2017.
These include two-year full-time programmes (PGP), one-year full-time residential programme for experienced professionals (PGPX), and ePost Graduate Programme (ePGP) in Management.
In 2015-16, 140 students from IIMA spent a semester at affiliate business schools across North America, Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Asia Pacific region, while 87 students from foreign colleges spent a semester at IIMA for the same period.
The Institute has a Dual Degree and one term exchange programmes arrangement with a few business schools such as HEC Paris, Bocconi University, EDHEC Business school, University of Louvain,ESSEC Business School in Paris, University of Cologne, ESCP Europe and Emlyon Business School.
The next major aspect for admission is the category (GEN & EWS, NC & OBC, SC, ST, PWD & PWD(ST) ), Total seats are further divided into the category where IIM accept admission on the category basis.
IIM also conducts its analytics writing test and personal interview (AWT & PI) in Ahmedabad, Banglore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, & New Delhi cities of selected candidates.
Seats in IIMA are reserved, based on government instruction 27% of seats are reserved for NC-OBC, 15% for SC, 7.5% for ST candidates, 5% for Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwD), and up to 10% for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
The Red Brick Summit or TRBS, named after the red brick walls that the campus is known for, replaced 'Big Four' individual management fests/summits (Confluence, Amatheon, ConneXions, and Insight) as an umbrella management symposium.
Instituted in 2017, the mega event - the biggest management symposium in Asia with a footfall of 20,000 students across more than 250 Indian and 30 international universities - sees renowned speakers talking about issues relevant to management and public policy, national-level business competitions, and workshops attended by hundreds.
The speakers include Nirmala Sitharaman (Union Cabinet Minister, Defence), Maneka Gandhi (Union Cabinet Minister, Women and Child Development), Hasmukh Adia (Revenue Secretary, Government of India), and Deep Kalra (Founder-CEO of MakeMyTrip).
The cultural festivities draws footfalls of around 50,000 visitors from Ahmedabad over four days and participation from institutes across the country.
Pro-nites (events hosted by professional artists) are especially a huge success with a large number of top class artists coming and performing on one stage.
In the past, Chaos has witnessed musical performances by Jagjit Singh, Amit Trivedi, Raghu Dixit, Mohit Chauhan and Shankar Ehsaan Loy to name a few.
Placements for the PGP and PGP-FABM courses are characterised by two phases - summer placements for the first-year batch and final placements for the graduating batch.
The first is the laterals process in January where firms interview students with prior work experience and offer them mid-level managerial positions.
This process is handled by the newly elected committee among the PGP1s to avoid any conflict of interest and ensure a fair process.
IIMA has been instrumental in influencing the business landscape of the country, with the highest proportion of BSE 500 CEOs (who have an MBA) coming from IIMA.
A key study by IIMA on salaries in the private and public sector helped shape the 7th Central Pay Commission's recommendations.
The Central Vigilance Commission has asked IIMA to come up with India's first index to measure perceptions of graft and corruption, based on the Corruption Perceptions Index of Transparency International.
Key studies on state health indexes have also been released by IIMA, helping to highlight the progress made on the same by various states across the country.
Through its Executive Education programs, IIMA will train key senior officers from Chhattisgarh, as well as state Chief Minister Raman Singh, focussing on key management practices and project management.
A MoU has also been signed between the Institute and the Delhi Govt to train the principals of all 1024 schools run by it, with the training to be conducted by the RTE Resource Centre.
The Right to Education Resource Centre (RTE-RC), started by a group of students under the guidance of Prof. Ankur Sarin, helps parents fill out forms and get children admitted under the RTE Act, while also raising awareness about the issue of underutilization of the Act.
The Centre received 1800 application in its first year of operation, raising the number of children admitted under RTE from 30 in 2013 to nearly 600 in 2014.
Launched in 2004, Prayaas impacts the lives underprivileged students by directly providing them a higher quality of education through specially appointed teachers, with classes running out of the New Campus, as also through funding drives that enable students to move to better schools, in a hope for better education and better lives.
IIMA, in association with the Wagh Bakri Group, set up an initiative called SMILE (Student Mediated Initiative for Learning to Excel) to educate underprivileged kids wherein students will conduct classes in their free time.
This has been piloted in a space provided by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) under a flyover near the IIMA campus.
IIM-A alumni have garnered 8 Padma Awards - Padma Bhushan (K. V. Kamath, CK Prahalad, Mallika Sarabhai and M. S. Banga) and Padma Shri (Kiran Karnik, K Raghavendra Rao, S. P. Kothari and Sanjeev Bikhchandani).
Past and present faculty at IIM Ahmedabad include three former Governors of the Reserve Bank of India - C. Rangarajan (1968-1982) , former Director I. G. Patel (1996-2001), and Y. Venugopal Reddy (current Professor of Practice).
Other notable faculty include prominent scholars such as Marti G. Subrahmanyam, MN Vora, Ashish Nanda, and T. V. Rao, among others.
N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian IT industrialist and the co-founder of Infosys, got his first job as chief systems programmer at IIM Ahmedabad.
Gratings usually consist of a single set of elongated elements, but can consist of two sets, in which case the second set is usually perpendicular to the first (as illustrated).
A grating covering a drain (as illustrated) can be a collection of iron bars (the identical, elongated elements) held together (to ensure the bars are parallel and regularly spaced) by a lighter iron frame.
Gratings over drains and air vents are used as filters, to block movement of large particles (such as leaves) and to allow movement of small particles (such as water or air).
Grating can also be a diffraction grating: a reflecting or transparent optical component on which there are many fine, parallel, equally spaced grooves.
On the y-axis of the graph is the luminance obtained by moving a light meter over the grating perpendicular to the orientation of the grating.
The example is a square-wave grating (see second panel of the illustration); the graph consists of flat, low lines (corresponding to the black bars), with abrupt corners leading to flat high lines (corresponding to the white bars).
Gratings where the black bars have a different width from the white bars are rectangular and are described by the duty cycle.
It is usually expressed as Michelson contrast: the maximum luminance minus the minimum luminance divided by the maximum luminance plus the minimum luminance.
It is usually measured in degrees (from 0 to 360 for one complete cycle) or in radians (2π for one complete cycle).
If the graph of a grating is sinusoidal (see top panel in the illustration), the grating looks like a set of blurry light and dark bars and it is called a sine-wave grating.
A lens will form an image of a sine-wave grating that is still sinusoidal, but with some reduction in its contrast depending on the spatial frequency and possibly some change in phase.
They are formed when various types of dust and small grains that were present in the early solar system accreted to form primitive asteroids.
They are the most common type of meteorite that falls to Earth with estimates for the proportion of the total fall that they represent varying between 85.7% and 86.2%.
Their study provides important clues for understanding the origin and age of the Solar System, the synthesis of organic compounds, the origin of life and the presence of water on Earth.
One of their characteristics is the presence of chondrules, which are round grains formed by distinct minerals, that normally constitute between 20% and 80% of a chondrite by volume.
Chondrite falls range from single stones to extraordinary showers consisting of thousands of individual stones, as occurred in the Holbrook fall of 1912, where an estimated 14,000 stones rained down on northern Arizona.
Chondrites were formed by the accretion of particles of dust and grit present in the primitive Solar System which gave rise to asteroids over 4.55 billion years ago.
These asteroid parent bodies of chondrites are (or were) small to medium-sized asteroids that were never part of any body large enough to undergo melting and planetary differentiation.
Another indication of their age is the fact that the abundance of non-volatile elements in chondrites is similar to that found in the atmosphere of the Sun and other stars in our galaxy.
Although chondritic asteroids never became hot enough to melt based upon internal temperatures, many of them reached high enough temperatures that they experienced significant thermal metamorphism in their interiors.
The source of the heat was most likely energy coming from the decay of short-lived radioisotopes (half-lives less than a few million years) that were present in the newly formed solar system, especially Al and Fe, although heating may have been caused by impacts onto the asteroids as well.
As a result, many chondrites contain hydrous minerals, such as clays, that formed when the water interacted with the rock on the asteroid in a process known as aqueous alteration.
These events caused a variety of effects, ranging from simple compaction to brecciation, veining, localized melting, and formation of high-pressure minerals.
The net result of these secondary thermal, aqueous, and shock processes is that only a few known chondrites preserve in pristine form the original dust, chondrules, and inclusions from which they formed.
Prominent among the components present in chondrites are the enigmatic chondrules, millimetre-sized spherical objects that originated as freely floating, molten or partially molten droplets in space; most chondrules are rich in the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene.
Chondrites also contain refractory inclusions (including Ca-Al Inclusions), which are among the oldest objects to form in the solar system, particles rich in metallic Fe-Ni and sulfides, and isolated grains of silicate minerals.
The remainder of chondrites consists of fine-grained (micrometre-sized or smaller) dust, which may either be present as the matrix of the rock or may form rims or mantles around individual chondrules and refractory inclusions.
Embedded in this dust are presolar grains, which predate the formation of our solar system and originated elsewhere in the galaxy.
The scientific community generally accepts that these spheres were formed by the action of a shock wave that passed through the Solar System, although there is little agreement as to the cause of this shock wave.
An article published in 2005 proposed that the gravitational instability of the gaseous disk that formed Jupiter generated a shock wave with a velocity of more than 10 km/s, which resulted in the formation of the chondrules.
Each chondrite group has a distinctive mixture of chondrules, refractory inclusions, matrix (dust), and other components and a characteristic grain size.
Chondrites can also be categorized according to their petrologic type, which is the degree to which they were thermally metamorphosed or aqueously altered (they are assigned a number between 1 and 7).
Numbers lower than 3 are given to chondrites whose chondrules have been changed by the presence of water, down to 1, where the chondrules have been obliterated by this alteration.
Enstatite chondrites (also known as E-type chondrites) are a rare form of meteorite thought to comprise only about 2% of the chondrites that fall to Earth.
The majority of enstatite chondrites have either been recovered in Antarctica or have been collected by the American National Weather Association.
E-type chondrites are among the most chemically reduced rocks known, with most of their iron taking the form of metal or sulfide rather than as an oxide.
Ordinary chondrites are by far the most common type of meteorite to fall to Earth: about 80% of all meteorites and over 90% of chondrites are ordinary chondrites.
They contain abundant chondrules, sparse matrix (10–15% of the rock), few refractory inclusions, and variable amounts of Fe-Ni metal and troilite (FeS).
Ordinary chondrites are distinguished chemically by their depletions in refractory lithophile elements, such as Ca, Al, Ti, and rare earths, relative to Si, and isotopically by their unusually high O/O ratios relative to O/O compared to Earth rocks.
Most, but not all, ordinary chondrites have experienced significant degrees of metamorphism, having reached temperatures well above 500 °C on the parent asteroids.
They are thought to have been formed the farthest from the sun of any of the chondrites as they have the highest proportion of volatile compounds.
Another of their main characteristics is the presence of water or of minerals that have been altered by the presence of water.
There are many groups of carbonaceous chondrites, but most of them are distinguished chemically by enrichments in refractory lithophile elements relative to Si and isotopically by unusually low O/O ratios relative to O/O compared to Earth rocks.
They are characterized by large amounts of dusty matrix and oxygen isotope compositions similar to carbonaceous chondrites, highly reduced mineral compositions and high metal abundances (6% to 10% by volume) that are most like enstatite chondrites, and concentrations of refractory lithophile elements that are most like ordinary chondrites.
R (Rumuruti type) chondrites are a very rare group, with only one documented fall out of almost 900 documented chondrite falls.
They have a number of properties in common with ordinary chondrites, including similar types of chondrules, few refractory inclusions, similar chemical composition for most elements, and the fact that O/O ratios are anomalously high compared to Earth rocks.
However, there are significant differences between R chondrites and ordinary chondrites: R chondrites have much more dusty matrix material (about 50% of the rock); they are much more oxidized, containing little metallic Fe-Ni; and their enrichments in O are higher than those of ordinary chondrites.
Because chondrites accumulated from material that formed very early in the history of the solar system, and because chondritic asteroids did not melt, they have very primitive compositions.
CI chondrites seem to be nearly identical in composition to the sun for all but the gas-forming elements (e.g., hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and noble gases).
The petrologic-type scheme originated by Van Schmus and Wood is really two separate schemes, one describing aqueous alteration (types 1–2) and one describing thermal metamorphism (types 3–6).
The thermal metamorphism part of the scheme describes a continuous sequence of changes to mineralogy and texture that accompany increasing metamorphic temperatures.
Some workers have extended the Van Schmus and Wood metamorphic scheme to include a type 7, although there is not consensus on whether this is necessary.
All groups of ordinary and enstatite chondrites, as well as R and CK chondrites, show the complete metamorphic range from type 3 to 6.
At the beginning of the Solar System this would have been present as ice and a few million years after the asteroid formed the ice would have melted allowing the liquid water to react with and alter the olivines and pyroxenes.
The formation of rivers and lakes on the asteroid is thought to have been unlikely if it was sufficiently porous to allow the water to percolated towards its interior, as occurs in terrestrial aquifers.
It is thought possible that a proportion of the water present on the Earth comes from the impact of comets and carbonaceous chondrites with the Earth's surface.
These organic compounds include: hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, amides, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, amino acids, nitrogenous bases, etc.
These compounds can be divided into three main groups: a fraction that is not soluble in chloroform or methanol, chloroform soluble hydrocarbons and a fraction that is soluble in methanol (which includes the amino acids).
The first fraction appears to originate from interstellar space and the compounds belonging to the other fractions derive from a planetoid.
It has been proposed that the amino acids were synthesized close to the surface of a planetoid by the radiolysis (dissociation of molecules caused by radiation) of hydrocarbons and ammonium carbonate in the presence of liquid water.
The Murchison meteorite has been thoroughly studied, it fell in Australia close to the town that bears its name on 28 September 1969.
It is a CM2 and it contains common amino acids such as glycine, alanine and glutamic acid as well as other less common ones such as isovaline and pseudo-leucine.
Two meteorites that were collected in Antarctica in 1992 and 1995 were found to be abundant in amino acids, which are present at concentrations of 180 and 249 ppm (carbonaceous chondrites normally contain concentrations of 15 ppm or less).
This could indicate that organic material is more abundant in the Solar System than was previously believed, and it reinforces the idea that the organic compounds present in the primordial soup could have had an extraterrestrial origin.
The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) is an international confederation of national amateur radio organisations that allows a forum for common matters of concern and collectively represents matters to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Following an informal meeting in 1924 of representatives from France, Great Britain, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Luxembourg, Canada, and the United States, a plan was formulated to hold an International Amateur Congress in Paris, France in April 1925.
A constitution for the IARU was adopted on April 17, and the formation of the International Amateur Radio Union was ratified on April 18, 1925.
The IARU has an elected President and Vice President, an appointed Secretary and other officials (including regional representatives) forming an Administrative Council.
Coordinators may be appointed by the Executive Committee of their region to support particular areas within the region, or to promote certain amateur radio activities within the region.
IARU Region 1 has the largest number of member societies among the three IARU regions, and has been the source of several international initiatives.
IARU Region 1 lobbying efforts led to the creation of the 30 meter, 17 meter, and 12 meter amateur radio bands, improving the standardization of reciprocal licensing, and promoting Amateur Radio Direction Finding.
The organization of IARU Region 2 was founded in 1964 when representatives from 15 national radio societies attended the First Panamerican Radio Amateur Congress in Mexico City, Mexico.
Although most of their membership is located in other IARU regions, the American Radio Relay League and the Radio Society of Great Britain are full member societies of IARU Region 3.
The ARRL represents amateur radio operators in American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Marianas, and other dependent territories in the Pacific Ocean.
IARU Region 3 has a special emphasis on promoting the harmonization of license qualifications in an effort to promote easier reciprocal operations by amateur radio operators in the region.
GAREC was first held in Tampere, Finland in 2005, coinciding with the adoption of the Tampere Convention, a globally binding emergency communications treaty that had been signed in Tampere in 1998.
In later conferences, the venue has attempted to rotate in sequence through ITU Regions 1, 2 and 3 (though not necessarily in that particular order).
The IARU also promulgates the rules used by most competitions in amateur radio direction finding, including IARU-sponsored regional and world championships.
For many years the IARU has issued the Worked All Continents certificate to amateurs who contact fellow hams in the six permanently populated continental areas of the world.
The Bolshoi Theatre () is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, originally designed by architect Joseph Bové, which holds ballet and opera performances.
The main building of the theatre, rebuilt and renovated several times during its history, is a landmark of Moscow and Russia (its iconic neoclassical façade is depicted on the Russian 100-ruble banknote).
The renovation included restoring acoustics to the original quality (which had been lost during the Soviet Era), as well as restoring the original Imperial decor of the Bolshoi.
The company was founded on , when Catherine II granted Prince Peter Ouroussoff a licence to organise theatrical performances, balls and other forms of entertainment.
Initially, it held performances in a private home, but it acquired the Petrovka Theatre and on 30 December 1780, it began producing plays and operas, thus establishing what would become the Bolshoi Theatre.
Fire destroyed the Petrovka Theatre on 8 October 1805, and the New Arbat Imperial Theatre replaced it on 13 April 1808, however it also succumbed to fire during the French invasion of Moscow in 1812.
The first instance of the theatre was built between 1821 and 1824, designed and supervised to completion by architect Joseph Bové based upon an initial competition-winning design created by Petersburg-based Russian architect Andrei Mikhailov that was deemed too costly to complete.
In 1843 a large-scale reconstruction of the theatre took place using a design by A. Nikitin, but a fire in 1853 caused extensive damage and so a further reconstruction was carried out, by Alberto Cavos, son of the opera composer Catterino Cavos.
A new stage for the Bolshoi Theatre, called the New Stage, went into service on 29 November 2002, constructed to the left of the theatre's historic main stage.
Together with auxiliary buildings — a restored 17th-century building, two rehearsal halls, and artists' recreation rooms — it forms a single theatre complex, the Bolshoi Theatre of Russia.
Repairs were initially estimated at 15 billion rubles ($610 million) but engineers found that more than 75% of the structure was unstable, and as a result the cost estimate jumped to 25.5 billion rubles (app.
According to The Moscow Times, the true cost may have been double that, and Der Spiegel quotes a figure of $1.1 billion.
During the long period of reconstruction, the company continued to mount productions, with performances held on the New Stage and on the stage of the Great Kremlin Palace.
The renovation included an improvement in acoustics, to attempt to replicate the sound believed to have existed in pre-Soviet times, and the restoration of the original Imperial decor.
Outside, on the top of the façade, the double-headed eagle of the original Russian coat of arms was installed in the place where the Soviet hammer and sickle had been mounted for decades.
Finally, on 28 October 2011, the Bolshoi Theatre re-opened with a concert featuring international artists and the ballet and opera companies.
The Bolshoi is a repertory theatre, meaning that it draws from a list of productions, any one of which may be performed on a given evening.
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there have been a few attempts to reduce the theatre's traditional dependence on large state subsidies.
After the death of Joseph Stalin, the company toured internationally and became an important source of cultural prestige, as well as foreign currency earnings.
The first occurrence was on 23 August 1979, with Alexander Godunov; followed by Leonid Kozlov and Valentina Kozlova on 16 September 1979; and other cases in the following years.
Until the mid-1990s, most foreign operas were sung in Russian, but Italian and other languages have been heard more frequently on the Bolshoi stage in recent years.
Many productions, especially of classic Russian opera, are performed on a grand scale, with dozens of costumed singers and dancers on stage for crowd or festival scenes.
Music director and chief conductor, Vassily Sinaisky, quit abruptly at the start of December 2013, after a 41-month tenure, citing the need to avoid conflict.
For local citizens, concerts and operas are still relatively affordable, with prices ranging from 100 rubles (≈$1.5) (for students, for balcony seats for matinée performances) to 15,000 rubles (≈$230) (for seats in the orchestra or stalls).
The concept was that 1960s Hanna-Barbera cartoon superhero Space Ghost had retired from being a superhero and was hosting his own talk show, in which he interviewed live action celebrity guests, with his old archenemies Zorak and Moltar as band leader and director.
To date, the show has had over 90 episodes aired on television, and was one of the motivating forces behind the creation of the Adult Swim programming bracket started in 2001.
The three of them, along with Dave Willis, Dana Snyder, and Carey Means had been friends since their earliest Cartoon Network days.
Originally, the skits and songs were filler for showing old cartoons owned by Turner Entertainment (Hanna-Barbera, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies, Popeye) until the skits and songs became more popular and Brak developed more of a personality and grew popular with fans.
Merrill left Atlanta briefly, moving to New Jersey for a year and joining the programming department of Boomerang, an asset of the Turner Broadcasting System.
Banga was born on 31 October 1954 in Simla (then in the state of Punjab) into a Sikh family, the son of Lt.Gen.
In February 2005, as part of a major reorganization of Unilever's upper management, Banga was elevated to the Unilever Executive, as the global head of the Foods division and ultimately took over the HPC division as well - effectively running all of Unilever’s categories across the globe.
Vindi is the Chairman the Marie Curie Organisation in the UK, one of the leading charitable providers of palliative care services.
A version of the song with the candidate's name changed became a 1959 hit when recorded and released by The Kingston Trio, an American folk singing group.
The transit organization, now called the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), held a dedication ceremony for the card system in 2004 which featured a performance of the song by the Kingston Trio, attended by then-governor Mitt Romney.
One of O'Brien's major campaign planks was to lower the price of riding the subway by removing the complicated fare structure involving exit fares—so complicated that at one point it required a nine-page explanatory booklet.
The Progressive Party had opposed the public buyout of Boston's streetcar system, which it argued enriched the previous private ownership and was followed by higher fares to city residents.
In 1949, the line went all the way to Arborway in Jamaica Plain, but the line was truncated to Heath Street at the northern edge of Jamaica Plain in 1985.
The song further mentions that his wife visited him every day at Scollay Square, which today is Government Center on the Green Line.
He is described in verse 3 as the son of Shimeah, who was the brother of David, making Jonadab a cousin to Amnon as well as his friend.
Jonadab advised Amnon to pretend to be sick, and then ask David to send Tamar to him to make him some food.
By late 1994, MindSpring had obtained investment funding from ITC Holding Company and moved into offices at Georgia Tech's Advanced Technology Development Center.
In September 1996 it acquired PSINet retail subscribers for their Pipeline (online servers) and InterRamp (Direct Point to Point Protocol) services.
Along the way, it acquired the ISP business of Nando.net in North Carolina, although Nando continued as an online news website.
It announced its first high-speed cable service to Montgomery, Alabama, in March 1999 and DSL services to eight cities the following November.
On September 23, 1999, MindSpring and EarthLink announced a merger of equals that would create a new company under the EarthLink brand based in Atlanta.
On February 4, 2000 the merger was completed, creating the second-largest Internet service provider in the world with over three million subscribers.
The service allowed for free text chatting similar to other instant message programs, as well as telephone calls to any SIP-compatible software.
Capitol Air was a charter airline in the United States which was operational from 1946 to its bankruptcy filing on November 23, 1984.
It was founded by former Army Air Corps pilots, Jesse Stallings, Richmond McGinnis, and Francis Roach, following the end of World War II.
In the late 1970s, Capitol Air became a scheduled air carrier following the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.
Its hubs were John F. Kennedy International Airport Hangar 11 in New York City, Brussels, Belgium and San Juan, Puerto Rico.
From New York/JFK Capitol Air served Los Angeles (LAX), Chicago O'Hare (ORD), Brussels (BRU), Frankfurt (FRA), Paris, France (LBG) Aguadilla (BQN), San Juan (SJU) and Puerto Plata (POP).
Many of the charters operated into San Juan, Puerto Rico, were for Canadian tour operators that required passenger air service in conjunction with cruises that departed San Juan every Saturday.
One major trunk route in the mid-1970s connected Rhein-Main Air Base (Frankfurt), Germany to Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina with a refueling stop at Bradley Air National Guard Base (co-located with Bradley International Airport) in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.
Capitol Air declared bankruptcy in the mid-1980s after George Batchelor, now Capitol's owner, had largely dismantled the airline in favor of his newly acquired venture, Arrow Air, another formerly all-charter air carrier that eventually initiated scheduled passenger airline operations.
Capitol Airways was founded on June 11, 1946 by Jesse F. Stallings (1909-1979), an airline captain, and Richmond Mclnnis, his associate.
During the first few years, Capitol Airways operated a flight school and aircraft sales agency at Cumberland Field in Nashville, Tennessee.
By 1956, Capitol was operating a fleet of more than twenty Curtiss C-46 transport planes, and had become a primary civilian carrier for the military's Logistic Air Support (LOGAIR) program.
In 1963 Capitol Airways was one of the first charter airlines to operate jet aircraft in the form of a new Douglas DC-8.
In 1964, a Capitol-operated DC-8 set a world record in commercial aviation by flying nonstop from Tokyo, Japan to Wilmington, Delaware in 12 hours and 25 minutes.
The above referenced timetable also states that all flights were being operated with stretched, Super Douglas DC-8 series 60 and wide body McDonnell Douglas DC-10 jetliners at this time.
Capitol Air's hub for scheduled passenger operations at this time was New York JFK Airport with nonstop transatlantic flights being operated from JFK to Brussels, Frankfurt and Zurich in Europe as well as transcontinental nonstops to Los Angeles and San Francisco in addition to nonstops to Chicago, Puerto Plata and San Juan.
The airline was also operating nonstop flights from Chicago to Los Angeles, Miami and San Francisco, and from San Juan nonstop to Boston, Miami and Newark at this same time.
Additionally, on three occasions between May and August 1983, the airline's flight 236 from San Juan, Puerto Rico to Miami was hijacked to Cuba.
T-type asteroids are rare inner-belt asteroids of unknown composition with dark, featureless and moderately red spectra, and a moderate absorption feature shortwards of 0.85 μm.
It has 205 brands across the UK, publishing online and in print (165 newspaper brands and 40 magazine brands) and reaches 28 million visitors a month online and 6.5 million readers a week in print.
Newsquest was founded in 1995 when U.S. private equity partnership Kohlberg Kravis Roberts financed a £210 million management buy-out of the Reed Regional Newspapers group of British papers from Reed Elsevier.
In 1999, he US Gannett media group's newly formed UK subsidiary paid £922 million (about US $1.5 billion) for Newsquest and took on the company’s debt.
In 2000, Gannett paid £525 million for Southampton-based News Communications and Media’s South Coast dailies and weeklies – and its Southernprint magazine printing division – to add to Newsquest’s portfolio.
Members of the company’s workforce were given the options of increasing their contributions (from 6% to 10%) to keep the same final salary scheme, paying in less for an inferior version, opting for a ‘money purchase’ scheme; or ditching their pension altogether.
The company’s U.S. parent Gannett had on 18 June reported that revenues from its newspapers and broadcasting had fallen – but, the US press release said: ‘Newsquest experienced higher national advertising revenue’.
On 8 August 2007 Newsquest started offering users of its Greater London titles' websites downloadable supermarket coupons, which could be redeemed at supermarkets including Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisons for money off a range of goods from cranberry products to canned pet food.
On 26 May 2015, Newsquest announced that it had acquired Romanes Media Group, a local news publishing business operating in Scotland, Berkshire and Northern Ireland, for an undisclosed sum.
The Romanes newspaper portfolio comprises one daily, 19 weekly paid-fors and nine weekly frees, and associated websites, and the company employs 270 staff.
On 28 April 2016, Newsquest announced that the latest comScore figures (Feb 2016) showed that users spend more time per month on Newsquest sites than any other regional press group.
On 10 July 2007, the NUJ reported that the UK’s Competition Commission was investigating allegations made by SNP MP for Perth and North Perthshire Pete Wishart that Newsquest had given it misleading evidence while it was considering whether the Liberal Democrat supporting company should be permitted to take over titles from SMG.
Wishart had written to the commission in June 2007 to express his concern about standards and job losses at the newspapers.
A-type asteroids are relatively uncommon inner-belt asteroids that have a strong, broad 1 μm olivine feature and a very reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.7 μm.
It consists of 12 animated cartoon badgers doing calisthenics, a mushroom in front of a tree, and a snake in the desert.
The Flash cartoon is accompanied by a bass line, above which a monotone voiceover sings the names of what's shown on screen.
A Christmas-themed version, with the badgers dressed in Santa Claus suits, the mushroom replaced with a present, and the snake replaced with baby Jesus in a nativity scene, is also available, and was made in 2005.
The Swamp Terrorists were a Swiss electro-industrial music group that was started in the late 1980s by synthesizer programmer STR, (of Band Berne Crematoire, Nacht-Raum, and Strangler of the Swamp fame) and vocalist Ane Hebeisen (aka Ane H), (formerly of Tierstein), who met at a Strangler/Tierstein show.
Their music is harsh pounding electro mixed with grinding metal guitar riffs (which are usually sampled from other heavy metal bands), and produces a sound similar to Die Warzau, KMFDM and White Zombie.
The IRAS mission has classified 4 Vesta, 246 Asporina, 349 Dembowska, 571 Dulcinea and 937 Bethgea as type R; however, the re-classification of Vesta, the V archetype, is debatable.
Cash prizes ranging from $5,000 to $10,000 per match were secured from corporate sponsors and awarded to tournament winners to generate interest from the student community.
As the community of designers, developers, data scientists, and competitive programmers involved in Topcoder grew, the company started to offer software development services to 3rd party clients, contracting individual community members to work on specific tasks.
In an attempt to optimize expenses, Topcoder introduced new competition tracks in 2007-2008 and delegated more work from its employees to the community.
By 2009, the size of Topcoder's staff had been reduced to 16 project managers servicing 35 clients, while the community did most of the actual work via crowdsourcing.
Topcoder representatives claim that at this point their community had about 170k registered members, and the company's annual revenue was approximately $19 million.
In 2013, Topcoder was acquired by Appirio, and the Topcoder community (of around 500 thousand at the time), was merged, under the Topcoder brand, with the 75k member crowdsourcing community Cloudspokes, created and managed by Appirio.
In 2016, Topcoder, along with Appirio, was acquired by Wipro as a part of a $500 million deal and continued to operate as a separate company under its brand.
Since the end of 2017, Topcoder has continued to offer its enterprise clients the Hybrid Crowd platform, as a way to protect intellectual property in crowdsourcing projects.
In addition to the public Topcoder community, the Hybrid Crowd platform allows for the creation of certified and private crowdsourcing communities.
Its certified communities include members of public Topcoder communities who are vetted for a customer's specific requirements, such as signing an additional NDA, completing a background check, or meeting any other particular certifications.
It is open and global: anybody, with a few legal restrictions dictated by US laws, and listed in Community Terms, can join and compete, without any financial commitment to Topcoder.
Also, participation in challenges organized in the interests of commercial clients generally requires the community member to sign a non-disclosure agreement.
Intellectual property for the winning submissions to commercial challenges is passed to the client, in exchange for monetary prizes paid to the winners.
While the majority of community members participate in Topcoder challenges as regular competitors, those who become recognized for their performance, and involvement in community life (via communication in Topcoder forums, attending Topcoder events, etc.
Since the end of 2014 till the end of 2017, a Community Advisory Board (CAB) was selected from active community members for a one-year term to help improve communications between Topcoder company and its community.
Also, since the end of 2017, Topcoder, as a part of their Hybrid Crowd offering, creates sub-communities dedicated to specific clients/projects.
Two particular types of Topcoder design challenges are LUX (Live User Experience, 24 – 48 hours long) and RUX (Rapid User Experience, three days long).
In both cases, more substantial prizes compared to regular design challenges with the similar goals, are offered in exchange for the shorter timeline.
Short timelines allow Topcoder managers to demonstrate to customers how crowdsourcing works on real cases, during live, and few-days meetings with the clients.
The Competitive Programming track of Topcoder community rotates around Single Round Matches (SRMs) – timed 1.5-hour competitions in which all participants compete online trying to solve the same set of problems as fast as possible.
Topcoder Open (TCO) is an annual design, software development, data science and competitive programming championship, organized by Topcoder, and hosted in different venues around the US.
Each year, the most successful participants of each competition track included into TCO are selected and invited for a free one-week trip to on-site finals, where they compete for prizes, and also socialize with each other, helping to build community spirit among the most active members.
In addition to the main championship, from 2001 to 2007 Topcoder organized an annual TopCoder Collegiate Challenge tournament, for college students only.
In 2017, Topcoder entered into a partnership with ConsenSys, an incubator of Ethereum projects, to promote the Topcoder Blockchain Community, and provide ConsenSys with design and development support for their blockchain projects.
It was reported in 2008 that Eli Lilly and Co. would use Topcoder platform to crowdsource development of IT applications for its global drug discovery operations.
In 2013, it was reported that researchers from Harvard Medical School, Harvard Business School, and London Business School successfully used Topcoder Community to solve complex biological problems.
Researchers say that Topcoder competitors approached the biology-related big-data challenge, and managed to create a more accurate and 1000 times faster alternative of BLAST algorithm.
From July 2017 to February 2018 it ran the Functional Map of the World challenge to develop deep learning algorithms capable of scanning and identifying in satellite imagery different classes of objects, such as airports, schools, oil wells, shipyards, or ports .
In the ongoing Mercury challenge it aims to create AI methods for automated prediction of critical events, involving military action, non-violent civil unrest, and infectious diseases in Middle East.
Since 2016 IBM has been collaborating with Topcoder to promote their cloud platform, IBM Cloud, and IBM Watson services, in particular.
In 2013, NASA Tournament Lab cooperated with Topcoder to run data-science challenges targeting to improve computer vision algorithms for their Robonaut 2 humanoid robot; in another challenge, Topcoder members were asked to develop algorithms for optimization of ISS solar arrays usage.
In another challenge, Topcoder community helped NASA and National Geographic's explorer Albert Lin to develop an algorithm to identify human-built structures in Genghis Khan's homeland.
In 2014, Asteroid Data Hunter, Asteroid Tracker, and many other challenges were carried on to develop better algorithms for asteroids detection in space images.
In 2015, the Topcoder Data Science community was challenged by NASA, Quakefinder, Harvard Crowd Innovation Lab, and Amazon Web Services, to come up with an algorithm that finds correlations between ultra-low frequency electromagnetic signals emanating from the earth, and subsequent moderate and large earthquakes.
In 2017, NASA, HeroX, and Topcoder announced a challenge to optimize their computational-intensive software solution for fluid dynamics, FUN3D, which was cancelled later due to a high number of applicants (more than 1,800) during the registration, coupled with concerns about control over the public distribution of the software to optimize.
In 2018, a data science challenge is running currently to develop better algorithms for tracking of RFID-tagged items within the International Space Station.
At the end of 2017 Topcoder, together with Operation Code non-profit charity, announced the launch of Topcoder Veterans Community, that will focus on helping US military veterans to make their way into tech careers in software development via education programs and paid crowdsourcing challenges.
Q-type asteroids are relatively uncommon inner-belt asteroids with a strong, broad 1 micrometre olivine and pyroxene feature, and a spectral slope that indicates the presence of metal.
There are absorption features shortwards and longwards of 0.7 μm, and the spectrum is generally intermediate between the V and S-type.
The Musselshell River is a tributary of the Missouri River, long from its origins at the confluence of its North and South Forks near Martinsdale, Montana to its mouth on the Missouri River.
The main branch is formed by the confluence of the North Fork and South Fork in Meagher County, about east of White Sulphur Springs, Montana, just east of Martinsdale, north of Martinsdale Reservoir, and just west of Meagher County's border with Wheatland County.
From the confluence of these two waterways, the main branch flows roughly due east past Two Dot, Harlowton, and Roundup, then turns north just past Melstone, and continues to the UL Bend on the Missouri River at the beginning of Fort Peck Reservoir.
The Musselshell was entered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition on May 20, 1805 and named by them for the freshwater mussels lining the bank, noting in their journals that the Minnetare people had given the waterway a similar name.
The Blackfeet, who hunted buffalo and prepared the meat for winter in the Musselshell area, called it the Dried Meat River.
Three reservoirs built in the 1930s help control the river's flow: Bair Reservoir on the North Fork, Martinsdale Reservoir near the confluence, and Deadman's Basin on the main river between Shawmut and Ryegate.
Additional tributaries of the Musselshell include: Middle Fork, Bozeman Fork, Dry Fork, American Creek Fork, Big Elk Creek, Careless Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Flat Willow Creek, Hopley Creek, Spring Creek, Swimming Woman Creek, and Willow Creek.
The Musselshell is used extensively for irrigation for farming and ranching and due to that may run dry or nearly dry in many sections during much of the summer and fall.
Water supply is less in the lower basin due to the more arid climate and the fact that users in the upper basin have senior rights to the water.
Species of fish found on the North and/or South Forks down to Harlowton include: mountain whitefish, and brown, cutthroat, rainbow, and brook trout.
The eastern part of the river has channel catfish, sauger, smallmouth bass, and walleye due to the warmer water caused by dewatering from irrigation and the arid climate shift from mountain to prairie ecosystems in the Musselshell's last .
The Gordon Butte Pumped Storage Project is a planned pumped hydroelectric power plant that will use water from the Cottonwood Creek, a Musselshell tributary.
Zoologist William Temple Hornaday of the Smithsonian Institution harvested specimens from the region in 1886 so that future generations would know what the buffalo looked like.
It has been suggested that they have a composition of organic rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interior.
The U-type classification was used as a miscellaneous class for asteroids with unusual spectra that didn't fit into the C and S-type asteroid classifications.
Around 1981, an offshoot of the M-type asteroid branch appeared for minor planets that have spectra that are indistinguishable from M-type, but that also have low albedo not consistent with the M type.
The P-type asteroids are some of the darkest objects in the Solar System with very low albedos (pv<0.1) and appear to be organic-rich, similar to carbonaceous chondrites.
The reflectance spectra of P-type asteroids can be reproduced through a combination of 31% CI and 49% CM groups of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, plus 20% Tagish lake meteorites, after undergoing thermal metamorphism and space weathering.
The outer part of the main asteroid belt beyond 2.6 AU from the Sun is dominated by low-albedo C, D and P-type asteroids.
It has been suggested that they have a composition of organic-rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interiors.
D-type asteroids are found in the outer asteroid belt and beyond; examples are 152 Atala, and 944 Hidalgo as well as the majority of Jupiter trojans.
It has been suggested that the Tagish Lake meteorite was a fragment from a D-type asteroid, and that the Martian moon Phobos is closely related.
An absorption feature around 0.7 μm may also be present, which is indicative of phyllosilicate minerals such as clays or mica.
the G-type corresponds to the Cgh and Cg types, depending on the presence or absence (respectively) of the absorption feature at 0.7 μm.
In the asteroid population, B-class objects can be found in the outer asteroid belt, and also dominate the high-inclination Pallas family which includes the second-largest asteroid 2 Pallas.
Generally similar to the C-type objects, but differing in that the ultraviolet absorption below 0.5 μm is small or absent, and the spectrum is rather slightly bluish than reddish.
The closest matches to B-class asteroids have been obtained on carbonaceous chondrite meteorites that have been gently heated in the laboratory.
The mission seeks to characterize the asteroid by mapping the surface, studying the Yarkovsky effect, and retrieving a sample of the asteroid to return in 2023.
The F-type and B-type asteroids are not distinguishable with the criteria used in the SMASS classification, so in that scheme are grouped together under the B-type.
The North Fork Musselshell River is a tributary of the Musselshell River, approximately 35 miles (56 km) long, in Montana in the United States.
It rises in the Lewis and Clark National Forest in the Little Belt Mountains in northeastern Meagher County, and flows south through Bair Reservoir, then southeast.
It joins the South Fork to form the main branch of the Musselshell just west of county line with Wheatland County.
It flows northeast, joining the North Fork to form the Musselshell near Martinsdale just west of county line with Wheatland County.
The Kingston Trio is an American folk and pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to late 1960s.
The group started as a San Francisco Bay Area nightclub act with an original lineup of Dave Guard, Bob Shane, and Nick Reynolds.
It rose to international popularity, fueled by unprecedented sales of LP records, and helped alter the direction of popular music in the U.S.
The Trio's massive record sales in its early days made acoustic folk music commercially viable, paving the way for singer-songwriter, folk rock, and Americana artists who followed in their wake.
Dave Guard and Bob Shane had been friends since junior high school at the Punahou School in Honolulu, Hawaii where both had learned to play ukulele in required music classes.
While in Punahou's secondary school, Shane taught first himself and then Guard the rudiments of the six-string guitar, and the two began performing at parties and in school shows doing an eclectic mix of Tahitian, Hawaiian, and calypso songs.
At Menlo, Shane became friends with Nick Reynolds, a native San Diegan with an extensive knowledge of folk and calypso songs—in part from his guitar-playing father, a career officer in the U.S. Navy.
Reynolds was also able to create and sing tenor harmonies, a skill derived in part from family singalongs, and could play both guitar and bongo and conga drums.
The three began performing at campus and neighborhood hangouts, sometimes as a trio but with an aggregation of friends that could swell their ranks to as many as six or seven, according to Reynolds.
None of the three at that time had any serious aspirations to enter professional show business, however, and Shane returned to Hawaii following his graduation in late 1956 to work in the family sporting goods business.
At one engagement at Redwood City's Cracked Pot beer garden, they met a young San Francisco publicist named Frank Werber, who had heard of them from a local entertainment reporter.
Werber liked the group's raw energy but did not consider them refined enough to want to represent them as an agent or manager at that point, though he left his telephone number with Guard.
Some weeks later (and following a brief period in which Reynolds was temporarily replaced in the quartet by Don MacArthur), Guard and Reynolds invited Werber to a performance of the group at the Italian Village Restaurant in San Francisco, where Werber was so impressed by the group's progress that he agreed to manage them provided they replace Gannon, in whose professional potential Werber had no faith.
Shane, who had been performing part-time as a solo act at night in Honolulu, readily assented and returned to the mainland in early March 1957.
Werber imposed a stern training regimen on Guard, Shane, and Reynolds, rehearsing them for six to eight hours a day for several months, sending them to prominent San Francisco vocal coach Judy Davis to help them learn to preserve their voices, and working on the group's carefully prepared but apparently spontaneous banter between songs.
At the same time, the group was developing a varied and eclectic repertoire of calypso, folk, and foreign language songs, suggested by all three of the musicians though usually arranged by Guard with some harmonies created by Reynolds.
The first major break for the Kingston Trio came in late June 1957 when comedian Phyllis Diller canceled a week-long engagement at The Purple Onion club in San Francisco.
When Werber persuaded the club's owner to give the untested Trio a chance, Guard sent out five hundred postcards to everyone that the three musicians knew in the Bay Area and Werber plastered the city with handbills announcing the engagement.
When the crowds came, the Trio had been well prepared by months of work, and they achieved such local popularity that the initial week's engagement stretched to six months.
Werber built upon this initial success, booking a national club tour in early 1958 for the Trio that included engagements at such prominent night spots as Mister Kelly's in Chicago, the Village Vanguard in New York, Storyville in Boston, and finally a return to San Francisco and its showcase nightclub, the hungry i, in June of that year.
Both Dot Records and Liberty Records expressed some interest, but each proposed to record the Trio on 45 rpm (revolutions per minute) singles only, whereas Werber and the Trio members both felt that 33⅓ rpm albums had more potential for the group's music.
Through Jimmy Saphier, agent for Bob Hope who had seen and liked the group at The Purple Onion, Werber contacted Capitol Records, which dispatched prominent producer Voyle Gilmore to San Francisco to evaluate the Trio's commercial potential.
The album sold moderately well—including on-site sales at the hungry i during the Kingston Trio's engagement there through the summer—but it was DJs Paul Colburn and Bill Terry at station KLUB in Salt Lake City whose enthusiasm for a single cut on the record spurred the next development in the group's history.
This was the beginning of a remarkable three-year run for the Trio in which their first five studio albums achieved number 1 chart status and were awarded gold records.
By 1961, the group had sold more than eight million records, earning in excess of US$25 million for Capitol, roughly US$210 million in 2019 dollars.
The Trio also charted several single records during this time, made numerous television appearances, and played upwards of 200 engagements per year.
Shane and Reynolds felt that the formula for song selection and performance that they had painstakingly developed still served them well.
Furthermore, over $100,000 appeared to be missing from the Trio's publishing royalties, an accounting error eventually rectified, which created an additional irritant to both sides.
Following a meeting with attorneys on May 10, 1961 intended to resolve the dispute, Dave Guard resigned from the Kingston Trio, though pledging to fulfill group commitments through November of that year.
Shane, Reynolds, and Werber bought out Guard's interest in the partnership for $300,000 to be paid over a number of years, and moved to replace him immediately.
The remaining Trio partners settled quickly on John Stewart, a 21-year-old member of the Cumberland Three, one of the many groups that sprang up hoping to imitate the Kingston Trio's success.
Stewart was well-acquainted with Reynolds and Shane, having sold two songs to the Trio, and he was a proficient guitarist, banjoist, and singer.
Beginning in 1964, however, the Kingston Trio's dominance in record sales and concert bookings began to wane, due partly to imitators in the pop-folk world and also to the rise of other commercial folk groups like Peter, Paul and Mary whose music had a decidedly more political bent than the Trio's.
The British Invasion spearheaded by The Beatles, who were signed by EMI/Capitol just as the Trio's seven-year contract was running out, depressed sales of acoustic folk albums significantly, and Capitol did not make a serious effort to re-sign the group.
Werber secured a generous signing bonus from Decca Records, and the last four albums of the Kingston Trio's first decade were released by that label.
Without the production facilities of Capitol, however, and the expertise of Voyle Gilmore and engineer Pete Abbott, the Decca releases lacked the aural brilliance of the Capitol albums, and none of the four sold especially well.
By 1966, Reynolds had grown weary of touring and Stewart wanted to strike out on his own as a singer-songwriter, so the three musicians and Werber developed an exit strategy of playing as many dates as possible for a year with an endpoint determined to be a final two-week engagement at the hungry i in June 1967.
The group followed this strategy successfully, and on June 17, 1967, the Kingston Trio ceased to be an actively performing band.
Following the hungry i engagement, Reynolds moved to Port Orford, Oregon and pursued interests in ranching, business, and race cars for the next twenty years.
The first consisted of guitarist Pat Horine and banjoist Jim Connor in addition to Shane and lasted from 1969 to 1973, the second including guitarist Roger Gambill and banjoist Bill Zorn from 1973 until 1976.
Though both troupes of the New Kingston Trio made a limited number of other recordings and several television appearances, neither generated very much interest from fans or the public at large.
Shane and Gambill replaced him with George Grove, a professionally trained singer and instrumentalist from North Carolina who had been working in Nashville as a studio musician.
The Shane-Gambill-Grove Kingston Trio existed from 1976 through 1985, when Gambill died unexpectedly from a heart attack on March 2 at the age of 42.
The nine years of this configuration was to that point the longest period of time that any three musicians had worked together as the Kingston Trio, and the group released two albums of largely original material.
It was during this period as well that PBS producers JoAnne Young and Paul Surratt approached Shane and the other principals of the original group with the idea of arranging a reunion concert that would be taped and used as a fundraiser for the network.
The different configurations of the Trio took turns performing sets of the group's best-known songs with all the artists joining onstage for a finale.
Guard implicitly disparaged Shane's current group, and Shane asserted a distaste for performing again with Guard, who had spent the intervening decades living and performing in Australia, touring sporadically as a soloist, and writing about and teaching music.
Despite the unpleasantness, Shane and Guard reconciled to a large degree (even to the point of planning a possible reunion tour) prior to Guard's death at age 56 from lymphoma nine years later in March 1991.
Bob Haworth, a veteran folk performer who had worked as a member of The Brothers Four for many years, initially replaced Gambill from 1985 through 1988 and again from 1999 through 2005.
When heart disease forced Bob Shane's retirement from touring in March 2004, he was replaced by former New Kingston Trio member Bill Zorn.
A year later, following Haworth's departure, Grove and Zorn were joined by Rick Dougherty, who had performed for a time with Zorn as second-generation members of another popular folk group from the 1960s, The Limeliters.
Both the Grove–Zorn–Haworth and Grove–Zorn–Dougherty troupes of the Kingston Trio released original CDs and DVDs, and the latter configuration toured extensively for 12 years under the direction of original member Bob Shane.
Capitol Records, Decca Records, Collector's Choice Music, and Folk Era Records have released and continue to release compilations of older albums as well as previously unreleased tapes of both studio and live recordings from the Kingston Trio's first ten years.
The lawsuit alleged that Shane and his associates accepted $100,000 from the Reynolds group in exchange for exclusive rights to use the trademarked name of the band but then allowed Grove, Zorn and Dougherty to perform as the Kingston Trio at concerts booked by Gary.
On August 11, 2017, the case against Grove, Zorn, and Dougherty was dismissed with prejudice in the same Los Angeles court and consequently cannot be re-filed.
In early August, 2017, sole Kingston Trio owner Bob Shane announced the licensing of his trademark to the Josh Reynolds/Mike Marvin group of investors.
I am pleased to announce the Kingston Trio legacy will be carried forth by Josh Reynolds, Mike Marvin and Tim Gorelangton, who will begin performing as the Kingston Trio in October 2017.
As you all know, Josh is the son of founding member, and my friend and partner Nick Reynolds, and Mike Marvin is Nick’s cousin.
Consequently, in October 2017, Grove, Zorn, and Dougherty were replaced as the Trio by new licensees Reynolds and Marvin and their friend, Tim Gorelangton.
In 2018, Josh Reynolds left the group and was replaced by Bob Haworth, who became a member of the band for the third time.
Proffitt had learned the song from his father and his grandmother, who had known Tom Dula and Laura Foster, the killer and the victim in the actual 1866 murder related in the song.
Over the years, the Kingston Trio expanded its song selection beyond the rearranged traditional numbers, calypso songs, and Broadway show tunes that had appeared on its first several albums.
In the history of popular music, there are a relative handful of performers who have redefined the content of the music at critical points in history—people whose music left the landscape, and definition of popular music, altered completely.
The Kingston Trio were one such group, transforming folk music into a hot commodity and creating a demand—where none had existed before—for young men (sometimes with women) strumming acoustic guitars and banjos and singing folk songs and folk-like novelty songs in harmony.
On a purely commercial level, from 1957 until 1963, the Kingston Trio were the most vital and popular folk group in the world, and folk music was sufficiently popular as to make that a significant statement.
Equally important, the original trio—Dave Guard, Nick Reynolds, and Bob Shane—in tandem with other, similar early acts such as the Limeliters, spearheaded a boom in the popularity of folk music that suddenly made the latter important to millions of listeners who previously had ignored it.
I could see the picture...the Kingston Trio were probably the best commercial group going, and they seemed to know what they were doing.
Even some staunch traditionalists from both the urban and rural folk music communities had an affinity for the Kingstons' polished commercial versions of older songs.
Before I turned into a snob and learned to look down upon all commercial folk music as bastardized and unholy, I loved the Kingston Trio.
Martin & Company guitar manufacturers has attributed the dramatic rise in demand for its instruments in the early 1960s in large part to the Kingston Trio's use of their guitars, featured prominently and without compensation on nearly all of their album covers.
Cut Bank Creek is a tributary of the Marias River in the Missouri river basin watershed, approximately 75 mi (123 km) long, in northwestern Montana in the United States, which having deeply eroded steep cliff banks eponymously gives name to the cut bank formal terrain term of geological science.
It rises in the Rocky Mountains in Glacier National Park at the continental divide and flows ENE onto the foothills and plains of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, then southeast, past Cut Bank, Montana where it forms a scenic gorge deep spanned by an elevated railway bridge just a mile from the town's Amtrak rail transport system passenger station and BNSF railway freight yards.
In southeastern Glacier County, approximately 12 mi (19 km) southeast of Cut Bank, it joins the Two Medicine River to form the Marias River.
Maal sings primarily in Pulaar and is the foremost promoter of the traditions of the Pulaar-speaking people, who live on either side of the Senegal River in the ancient Senegalese kingdom of Futa Tooro.
However, under the influence of his lifelong friend and family gawlo, blind guitarist Mansour Seck, Maal devoted himself to learning music from his mother and his school's headmaster.
He went on to study music at the university in Dakar before leaving for postgraduate studies on a scholarship at Beaux-Arts in Paris.
After returning from study in Paris, Maal studied traditional music with Mansour Seck and began performing with the band Daande Lenol.
μελοθεσία), the association of various parts of the body, diseases, and drugs with the nature of the sun, moon, planets, and the twelve astrological signs.
The signs of the zodiac were believed to preside over the parts of the body, covering the body from head (Aries) to toe (Pisces).
After examining an individual's natal chart, a medical astrologer may give advice to the client about the areas of the body in which they are most likely to experience trouble.
is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1941 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in November of the same year.
After the outbreak of the Second World War and many years after they worked for British intelligence, middleaged Tommy and Tuppence Beresford feel useless and sidelined.
Grant tries to find German spies and fifth columnists but is hampered by traitors within British intelligence who follow and sabotage his work.
Yet such is Miss Christie's skill in conjuring up the ominous that even infant prattle sounds uncommonly like a code for the Fifth Column.
Around 1941 or 1942, the British intelligence agency MI5 temporarily investigated Christie herself as she had named one of her characters in this novel as a certain Major Bletchley.
From 1988 to 1991, the ship was assigned to Naval Surface Group, Long Beach, which was part of Commander, Naval Surface Forces Pacific.
They got the ship underway, but shortly after doing so, they felt the ship shudder as it lost all pitch control in both propellers.
They had run aground on a shoal with damage to both propellers and one of the propeller hubs, causing of hydraulic oil to leak into the water.
The Two Medicine River is a tributary of the Marias River, approximately 60 mi (97 km) long, in northwestern Montana in the United States.
It rises in the Rocky Mountain Front in Glacier National Park at the continental divide and flows east, down from the mountains and across the Blackfeet Indian Reservation.
It receives Birch Creek in southeastern Glacier County and joins Cut Bank Creek to form the Marias, approximately 12 mi (19 km) southeast of Cut Bank.
The ship is named for the battle that took place at Anzio, Italy, the site of an Allied amphibious assault during Operation Shingle as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II.
In an unannounced missile test, the Israel Defense Forces fired a Jericho-1 medium-range ballistic missile from a test facility in Yavne, which landed from the ship.
Ordered first to the eastern Mediterranean Sea for the initial phase of President George W. Bush's Shock and Awe strategy (during which the U.S. Navy deployed to defeat the Iraq military before ground forces were sent in).
On 15 October 2009 a team from the cruiser working with United States Coast Guard personnel from Maritime Safety and Security Team 91104 seized a skiff carrying an estimated 4 tons of hashish worth an estimated $28 million about southwest of Salalah, Oman.
She was commissioned in 1962, and served for over 30 years in the Atlantic, Pacific, Mediterranean, and Middle East before being decommissioned in 1996.
Commissioned in October 1962, she shook down off the East Coast and in the Caribbean area until February 1963, when she began her first Mediterranean deployment.
Operating for much of this deployment off strife-torn Vietnam, she screened aircraft carriers, served as a radar-picket ship, and performed search and rescue missions.
Her next five Far Eastern tours, in 1966–67, 1969, 1970, 1971 and 1972–73, also involved Vietnam War combat operations, as well as voyages to Australia and, beginning in 1970, the Indian Ocean.
The ship's seventh trip to the Far East, beginning in November 1973, included a lengthy visit to the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea, a locale that would become very familiar in the coming decades.
Her next Seventh Fleet deployment ran from January to August 1978 and included visits throughout the region, from Japan and South Korea to Thailand and Singapore, with her homeward-bound voyage taking her to Australia and through the South Pacific.
Her operations thereafter included counter-drug smuggling patrols in the Caribbean, several deployments to northern European waters and four Mediterranean cruises 1986–87, 1988–89—including combat operations off Libya, 1991–92—with a Red Sea and Persian Gulf tour, and 1994 as Standing Naval Force Atlantic (STANAVFORLANT).
The 1994 deployment supported United Nations resolutions that became part of Operation Sharp Guard, which enforced sanctions against the Former Republic of Yugoslavia.
With her SM-2 ER missiles, she could engage more than 16 aircraft or cruise missiles simultaneously; and at ranges in excess of .
adopted by most of the operating systems (OSs) that were sold by the former Digital Equipment Corporation (which was acquired by Compaq, which was in turn acquired by Hewlett-Packard).
DCL had its roots in the IAS, TOPS-20, and RT-11 OSs and was implemented as a standard across most of Digital's OSs, notably RSX-11, but took its most powerful form in the OpenVMS OS.
Written when the programming language Fortran was in heavy use, DCL is a scripting language supporting several datatypes, including strings, integers, bit arrays, arrays and booleans, but not floating point numbers.
DCL includes IF-THEN-ELSE, access to all the Record Management Services (RMS) file types including stream, indexed, and sequential, but unfortunately lacks a DO-WHILE or other looping construct, requiring users to make do with IF and GOTO-label statements instead.
DCL is the basis of the XLNT language, implemented on Windows by an interpreter-IDE-WSH engine combination with CGI capabilities distributed by Advanced System Concepts Inc. from 1997.
For the OpenVMS implementation, the command line parser is a runtime library (CLI$) that can be compiled into user applications and therefore gives a consistent command line interface for both OS supplied commands and user written commands.
The command line must start with a verb and is then followed by arguments or qualifiers (switches in Unix terminology) which begin with a '/' character.
Qualifiers can be position independent (occurring anywhere on the command line) or position dependent, in which case the qualifier affects the parameter it appears after.
While DCL documentation usually shows all DCL commands in uppercase, DCL commands are case-insensitive and may be typed in upper-, lower-, or mixed-case.
Some implementations such as OpenVMS used a minimum uniqueness scheme in allowing commands to be shortened while others such as RSX-11 allowed commands to be abbreviated to a minimum of three characters.
Most OpenVMS-native commands are defined via CLD files; these are compiled by the CDU, the Command Definition Utility, and added to a DCL 'table' -- SYS$LIBRARY:DCLTABLES.EXE by default, although processes are free to use their own tables -- and can then be invoked by the user.
This method is generally used for programs ported from Unix and other non-native systems; for C programs using argc and argv command syntax.
All DCL verbs in a script are preceded with a $ symbol; other lines are considered to be input to the previous command.
She was launched in 1963 as DLG-26, a guided missile frigate under the then-current designation system, and reclassified as CG-26 on 30 June 1975.
She was christened by Mrs. Leonard B. Cresswell, the granddaughter and daughter of the RADMs Belknap and was launched by the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine on 20 July 1963 and commissioned on 7 November 1964.
Undaunted, the rescuers pulled out the seriously wounded and delivered fire-fighting supplies to the sailors who refused to surrender their ship to the conflagration.
However, in 1987 the New York Times cited cracking in aluminum superstructures such as what occurred in the s, rather than fire, as the reason the Navy returned to steel on some ships.
The first USN combatant ships to revert to all steel superstructure were the , which were commissioned beginning in the 1990s.
Since the hull was still in good condition the Navy decided to use this as a test platform for the Aegis class cruiser electronics and updated weapons systems.
This conversion work entailed building out the superstructure forward to just aft of the missile launcher and three decks up to add flag spaces (accommodation and office), and additional communications gear.
Filippo Giuseppe Maria Ludovico Buonarroti, more usually referred to under the French version Philippe Buonarroti (11 November 1761 – 16 September 1837), was an Italian utopian socialist, writer, agitator, freemason, and conspirator; he was active in Corsica, France, and Geneva.
He proposed a mutualist strategy that would revolutionize society by stages, starting from monarchy to liberalism, then to radicalism, and finally to communism.
Buonarroti was expelled from the island in June 1791 and returned to his native Tuscany whereupon he was arrested and imprisoned.
After denouncing Pasquale Paoli to the National Convention, he was rewarded for his revolutionary activities by a special decree of French citizenship in May 1793.
In April 1794 he was nominated National Commissioner in Oneglia, Imperia's port, the site of refuge for many pro-French Italians during the .
He was recalled to Paris in 1795, after the Thermidorian Reaction, whereupon he was imprisoned in the Plessis prison after his friends in office had been deposed by the Thermidorian Reaction.
There he met Gracchus Babeuf, and became one of his most fervent supporters and co-conspirators during the time of their mutual imprisonment from March to October.
For forty years the principles remained the same: the leadership was secret; the existence of the higher grades was unknown to the lower; protean in character, this network took advantage of and used other societies.” Some argue that these principles are clearly evident in Bakunin's writings.
She saw action in Vietnam, where she is believed to be the last ship to down an enemy aircraft with hand-loaded guns.
The warship entered Hampton Roads early in November, but stayed only four days, putting to sea on 7 November for the first in a series of exercise and weapons-qualifications cruises to the Caribbean.
Along the way, she transited the Panama Canal and made stops at Pearl Harbor and Guam before reaching her base of operations at Subic Bay in the Philippines on 24 February.
She entered port at Danang, South Vietnam, on 5 March and, the following day, was on her way for a PIRAZ (Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone) station.
During the voyage, she completed a circumnavigation of the world and visited such diverse places as Singapore, Lourenco Marques (now Maputo) in Mozambique, the Cape Verde Islands, Lisbon in Portugal, and Copenhagen in Denmark.
Returning to the Hampton Roads area, she loaded missiles, torpedoes, and ammunition at Yorktown, Virginia, on 30 April before reentering Norfolk on 1 May.
The warship made a brief stop at Danang on 30 June before relieving the cruiser on 1 July as strike-support and search-and-rescue ship.
The only event of note occurred near the end of the month when she rescued several North Vietnamese fishermen adrift in their boat.
The warship spent a week at Subic Bay and three days at Manila before heading back to Vietnam on 13 August.
The warship alternated between those two tasks until 10 September when she was relieved on PIRAZ station by the destroyer .
The guided-missile frigate entered Yokosuka, Japan on 14 September, after a brief stop at Subic Bay to disembark her helicopter detachment.
The guided-missile frigate departed Hong Kong on 4 November, made a fuel stop at Subic Bay, and then headed back to Vietnam.
She arrived back in the Gulf of Tonkin on 7 November and spent the next six days serving as plane guard for the aircraft carrier .
On 13 April, the guided-missile frigate stood out of Norfolk on a five-week cruise to the Caribbean for training and for technical evaluation of her new and modified radar equipment.
She returned to Norfolk on 5 June and remained in the area until the end of July getting ready for her first regular overhaul.
On 19 January, she got underway for post-repair trials in the Virginia Capes operating area and returned to port the following day.
The most notable training mission came late in September when she joined several other Navy ships, a Canadian ship, and a Dutch ship in a NATO seapower review.
Along the way, she transited the Panama Canal and visited Pearl Harbor and Guam before arriving in Subic Bay on 11 May.
She entered the zone on 15 May and, the following day, relieved the destroyer on the northern Search and Rescue (SAR) station.
Following stops at Guam, Pearl Harbor, and San Diego, she transited the Panama Canal on 22 October and arrived back at Norfolk on 26 October to close out the year in port.
During those operations, she visited not only waters of the western Atlantic but also those of the West Indies and the Caribbean Sea.
Late in the fall of 1973, the warship participated in a joint exercise with other elements of the Atlantic Fleet and with ships of the Canadian Navy.
On 1 August, the warship received orders to the area north of Crete and later operated to the west of that island.
The ship, still at flank speed from the starboard propeller, turned so sharply to port that seawater sprayed from the ship entered the ship's ventilators.
Between 8 and 10 September, the warship joined in the unsuccessful search for survivors from a TWA Boeing 707 that had crashed in the Ionian Sea.
She arrived back in Norfolk on 9 November and, except for a brief underway period on 18 and 19 November, remained in port for the rest of 1976.
That deployment brought visits to ports throughout the Mediterranean basin and a variety of training missions, often conducted in company with units of Allied and friendly navies.
While in port, she underwent a series of inspections and examinations for the purpose of assessing various aspects of the ship's operation.
At sea, the warship ranged from the New England coast south to the West Indies participating in multiship exercises, conducting independent ship's drills, and making missile and gun shoots.
She arrived at her destination on 25 September and, three days later, entered the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard to commence her extended repair period.
Between 17 and 20 August, she was part of the task group that conducted freedom-of-navigation operations in the Gulf of Sidra off the Libyan coast in defiance of the Libyan leader, Col. Muamar Qaddafi, who claimed sovereignty over the area.
In mid-October she joined a contingency force off the northern coast of Egypt in the wake of the assassination of President Anwar Sadat.
She arrived back in Norfolk on 8 November and, except for two brief periods at sea early in December, remained in port for the rest of the year.
The first five months of 1982 brought a return to normal operations along the east coast and in the West Indies.
By mid-July, she was on PIRAZ station in the eastern Mediterranean with the contingency force supporting Marine Corps troops ashore in Lebanon.
After crossing the Aegean Sea and transiting the Straits of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, the two warships entered the Black Sea on 1 August.
Between 21 and 28 August, she served as escort for Palestinian Liberation Organization refugees leaving Beirut for Tunisia on board the Cypriot merchantman SS .
That employment lasted until 14 October when she began a selected restricted availability at the Norfolk Shipbuilding Co. Those repairs occupied her time for the remainder of 1983.
During a port visit in early January 1986 at Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory, the battle group was informed that they needed to get underway on very short notice.
Included with replenishment supplies was a videotape of President Reagan's address to the nation blaming Libyan President Muammar al-Gaddafi for connections with Christmas Day airport bombings in Europe.
The 5th patrol off Libya now included Operation El Dorado Canyon, the aerial attacks on Tripoli and terrorist camps near Benghazi.
In addition, she would be the first ship to be converted to the New Threat Upgrade, a package to add new weapons technology to older guided missile destroyers and guided missile cruisers.
The centerpiece would be the added capability of the Standard Missile 2 – Extended Range system, which added a solid rocket booster to the Medium Range missile and extending maximum range from about to over .
By 4 December, she had made a total of 27 boardings and four diversions, when on that date she suffered a major maneuver casualty when inexplicably her rudder broke off her rudder post and sank to the bottom of the Red Sea.
The US Navy flew a replacement rudder, via USAF C-5B aircraft to Toulon, France, where repairs were effected at the French Naval Shipyard.
She left the Red Sea with the highest percentage of diversions of any coalition vessel, with 22.2 percent of her boardings ending with diversions for further inspection.
The cruiser was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 November 1993 and sold for scrap to Metro Marine Corporation of Philadelphia on 4 December 2000.
Under the current 1879 constitution, the Court expanded to six associate justices and one chief justice, for the current total of seven.
According to the California Constitution, to be considered for appointment, as with any California judge, a person must be an attorney admitted to practice in California or have served as a judge of a California court for 10 years immediately preceding the appointment.
To fill a vacant position, the Governor must first submit a candidate's name to the Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation of the State Bar of California, which prepares and returns a thorough, confidential evaluation of the candidate.
Next, the Governor officially nominates the candidate, who must then be evaluated by the Commission on Judicial Appointments, which consists of the Chief Justice of California, the Attorney General of California, and a senior presiding justice of the California Courts of Appeal.
The nominee can then immediately fill an existing vacancy, or replace a departing justice at the beginning of the next judicial term.
If a nominee is confirmed to fill a vacancy that arose partway through a judicial term, the justice must stand for retention during the next gubernatorial election.
Chief Justice Rose Bird and Associate Justices Cruz Reynoso and Joseph Grodin were staunchly opposed to capital punishment and were subsequently removed in the 1986 general election.
Newly reelected Governor George Deukmejian was then able to elevate Associate Justice Malcolm M. Lucas to Chief Justice and appoint three new associate justices (one to replace Lucas in his old post and two to replace Reynoso and Grodin).
There is one Filipino-American justice (Cantil-Sakauye), one Hispanic (Cuéllar), one African-American (Kruger), two East Asian-American justices (Chin and Liu), and two non-Hispanic white justices (Corrigan, Groban).
The justices generally do not publicly discuss their religious views or affiliations; however, in December 2018, Chief Justice Cantil-Sakauye announced that she was leaving the Republican Party.
One justice earned an undergraduate degree from a University of California school, four from private universities in California, and two from out-of-state private universities.
Two justices earned their law degrees from a University of California law school, one from a law school at a California private university, and four from law schools at out-of-state private universities.
The most recent addition to the court is Associate Justice Joshua Groban, replacing Associate Justice Kathryn M. Werdegar, who retired on August 31, 2017.
Governor Jerry Brown nominated Groban on November 14, 2018; he was confirmed on December 21, 2018, and was sworn into office on January 3, 2019.
When there is an open seat on the court, or if a justice recuses himself or herself on a given case, justices from the California Courts of Appeal are assigned by the chief justice to join the court for individual cases on a rotational basis.
For a 1992 case, the chief justice requested the presiding justice of a Court of Appeal district (different from the one where the case originated) to select six other Court of Appeal justices from his district, and they formed an acting Supreme Court for the purpose of deciding that one case.
The Constitution of California gives the Court mandatory and exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all cases imposing capital punishment in California, although the Court has sponsored a state constitutional amendment to allow it to assign death penalty appeals to the California Courts of Appeal.
The Court has discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all cases reviewed by the Courts of Appeal; the latter were created by a 1904 constitutional amendment to relieve the Supreme Court of most of its workload so the Court could then focus on dealing with non-frivolous appeals that involved important issues of law.
According to research by Justice Goodwin Liu, each year the Court has averaged 5,200 petitions for writs of certiorari and 3,400 petitions for habeas corpus, plus 40 additional petitions from inmates already on death row.
In an average year the Court will decide to hear 83 cases and will be required to hear appeals from 20 new inmates joining death row.
Since 1878, it has regularly heard oral argument each year at San Francisco (four months), Los Angeles (four months), and Sacramento (two months).
According to Justice Liu, when a case is granted review, the Chief Justice assigns the case to a justice, who, after the parties finish briefing, then prepares a draft opinion.
Each justice writes a preliminary response to the draft opinion, and if the assigned justice is in the minority, she may ask the Chief Justice to reassign the case to someone in the majority.
The California Constitution requires suspension of the justices' salaries if the Court fails to then file a decision within 90 days.
Throughout the year (including July and August), the justices have a conference every Wednesday the Court is not hearing oral argument, with the exception of the last week, respectively, of November and December (Thanksgiving and New Year's).
New opinions are published online on Monday and Thursday mornings at 10 a.m. Paper copies also become available through the clerk's office at that time.
The Court is one of the few U.S. courts apart from the U.S. Supreme Court that enjoys the privilege of having its opinions routinely published in three hardcover reporters.
Since the late 1980s, the Court has turned away from the traditional use of law clerks, and has switched to permanent staff attorneys.
The Court has about 85 staff attorneys, some of whom are attached to particular justices; the rest are shared as a central staff.
The advantage to this system is that the reduced turnover of staff attorneys (versus the traditional system of rotating through new law clerks every year) has improved the efficiency of the court in dealing with complex cases, particularly death penalty cases.
During its first half-century of operation, the Court struggled to keep up with its soaring caseload and very frequently fell behind, until the California Courts of Appeal were created in 1904.
To comply with the latter provision, the Court does not schedule oral argument until the justices have already studied the briefs, formulated their respective positions, and circulated draft opinions.
This differs sharply from the practice in all other federal and state appellate courts, where judges can schedule oral argument not long after written briefing is finished, but then may take months (or even a year) after oral argument to release opinions.
Because the court was extremely overloaded with cases prior to 1904, its decisions in several hundred minor cases that should have been published were not published.
Despite its name, those cases are citable as precedent, since they would have been published but for the court's disorganized condition at the time they were issued.
The Court supervises the lower courts (including the trial-level California superior courts) through the Judicial Council of California, and also supervises California's legal profession through the State Bar of California.
All lawyer admissions and disbarments are done through recommendations of the State Bar, which then must be ratified by the Supreme Court.
The state's high court over the past 20 years has won a reputation as perhaps the most innovative of the state judiciaries, setting precedents in areas of criminal justice, civil liberties, racial integration, and consumer protection that heavily influence other states and the federal bench.
Statistical analyses conducted by LexisNexis personnel at the Court's request indicate that the decisions of the Supreme Court of California are by far the most followed of any state supreme court in the United States.
Between 1940 and 2005, 1,260 decisions of the Court were expressly followed by out-of-state courts (meaning that those courts expressly found the Court's reasoning persuasive and applied it to the cases before them).
Many important legal concepts have been pioneered or developed by the Court, including strict liability for defective products, fair procedure, negligent infliction of emotional distress, palimony, insurance bad faith, wrongful life, and market-share liability.
The major film studios in and around Hollywood and the high-tech firms of Silicon Valley both fall under the Court's jurisdiction.
Thus, the Court has decided a number of cases by, between, and against such companies, as well as several cases involving Hollywood celebrities and high-tech executives.
The California Supreme Court and all lower California state courts use a different writing style and citation system from the federal courts and many other state courts.
California citations have the year between the names of the parties and the reference to the case reporter, as opposed to the national standard (the Bluebook) of putting the year at the end.
The California citation style, however, has always been the norm of common law jurisdictions outside the United States, including England, Canada and Australia.
California judges are traditionally not supposed to use certain ungrammatical terms in their opinions, which has led to embarrassing fights between judges and the editor of the state's official reporters.
This means that even though the opinion has already been published in the official state reporters, it will be binding only upon the parties.
Most of the Court decisions that follow were landmark decisions that were the first such decisions in the United States or the world.
The cruiser was laid down by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company at Quincy, Massachusetts on 14 August 1905, and launched on 29 May 1907; sponsored by Miss Mary Campbell.
One of her sailors, Chief Electrician William E. Snyder, received the Medal of Honor for rescuing a shipmate from drowning on 4 January 1910.
Recommissioned on 15 December 1911, she made a short cruise to the West Indies and then reverted to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Philadelphia on 20 April 1912.
From 19 May – 11 July, she was in commission for service on Ice Patrol and then returned to the Philadelphia Reserve Group.
She left the yard on 2 February 1914, and resumed operations with the Atlantic Fleet as flagship of the Torpedo Flotilla.
During this time, one of her two Curtiss Model F flying boats performed the first military mission by a US heavier-than-air aircraft, while scouting for mines off Veracruz on 25 April.
After returning to New York she was fitted for service in Europe and in August reported to Gibraltar as flagship for Rear Admiral A. P. Niblack, Commander, US Forces Gibraltar.
From July 1919 to May 1922, she was based at San Diego, California as flagship of Destroyer Squadrons, Pacific Fleet, and then moved to Balboa, Canal Zone as flagship of the Special Service Squadron.
After cruising along the Central American and northern South American coast, she returned to Philadelphia and was decommissioned there on 1 December 1923, being sold for scrap on 13 May 1930.
In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature.
In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name.
Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types.
Every named genus or subgenus in zoology, whether or not currently recognized as valid, is theoretically associated with a type species.
In practice, however, there is a backlog of untypified names defined in older publications when it was not required to specify a type.
A type species is both a concept and a practical system that is used in the classification and nomenclature (naming) of animals.
Whenever a taxon containing multiple species must be divided into more than one genus, the type species automatically assigns the name of the original taxon to one of the resulting new taxa, the one that includes the type species.
The type species permanently attaches a formal name (the generic name) to a genus by providing just one species within that genus to which the genus name is permanently linked (i.e.
Departing Norfolk, Virginia on 2 June, she steamed to the Mediterranean and gave gunfire support during the invasion of Sicily (10–26 July 1943).
Returning to the United States on 8 August, she was reassigned to the Pacific Fleet and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 6 September.
Joining the fast carrier task force screen, she took part in the raids on Tarawa (18 September 1943) and Wake Island (5–6 October).
At the Solomons, she took part in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay (8–9 November), along with her sister ships , , , and .
Assigned to Task Force 57 (TF 57), she took part in the battle of Saipan (14 June – 4 August); the Battle of the Philippine Sea (19–20 June); battle of Tinian (20 July – 1 August); battle of Guam (21 July); and Philippine Islands raids (9–24 September).
She then served with TF 38 during the Okinawa raid (10 October), northern Luzon and Formosa raids (15 October and 18–19 October), and the Battle of Leyte Gulf (24 October).
During the latter, she suffered great topside damage from explosions on board the aircraft carrier while courageously attempting to aid that stricken vessel.
Rejoining the Pacific Fleet, the cruiser supported the battle of Iwo Jima (4–5 March 1945) and battle of Okinawa (25 March – 5 May).
She returned to San Francisco on 22 March 1946 and was taken out of commission and placed in reserve there on 2 January 1947.
The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, on 1–2 November 1943 – also known as the Battle of Gazelle Bay, Operation Cherry Blossom, and in Japanese sources as the Sea Battle off Bougainville Island (ブーゲンビル島沖海戦) – was a naval battle fought near the island of Bougainville in Empress Augusta Bay.
The naval battle was a result of Allied landings on nearby Bougainville in the first action in the Bougainville campaign of World War II and may also be considered as part of the Solomons and New Guinea campaigns.
The battle was significant as part of a broader Allied strategy—known as Operation Cartwheel—aimed at isolating and surrounding the major Japanese base at Rabaul.
The naval battle took place at the end of the first day of the landings around Cape Torokina, as the Japanese sortied a large force from Rabaul in an effort to replicate the success they had achieved at Savo Island in August 1942, in response to Allied amphibious landings in the eastern Solomon Islands.
Ultimately, the covering force of US warships was able to turn back the Japanese force and the landings around Cape Torokina were successful.
Following in the wake of Allied successes in the Solomon Islands campaign, the landings were undertaken as part of an Allied plan to establish a number of airbases in the region, to project airpower towards the Japanese stronghold around Rabaul, the reduction and isolation of which was a key part of Operation Cartwheel.
The bay had been chosen because it was at the outer limit of Allied fighter plane range, and because the numerically-superior Japanese 17th Army was concentrated at other, more strategic sites in the north and the south.
The Japanese responded with air attacks and a powerful naval force from Rabaul commanded by Admiral Sentaro Omori, attempting to replicate the success they had achieved at Savo Island in August 1942, in response to Allied amphibious landings in the eastern Solomon Islands.
The Japanese formation was hastily assembled from whatever ships were on hand, many of which had never trained or fought together before.
Omori's force consisted of the heavy cruisers and , the light cruisers and , and the destroyers , , , , , and .
These were organised into a cruiser division (Cruiser Division 5), which contained the two heavy cruisers, and two screens (left and right) with a light cruiser and three destroyers.
Initially, this force had included five destroyer transports laden with troops for a counter-landing, but following several delays, the decision was made for the transports to return to Rabaul.
These four cruisers were officially categorized as light cruisers; however, they were nearly the size of the Japanese heavy cruisers and were armed with twelve radar-aimed rapid fire guns.
Task Force 39 also included Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 23, which consisted of two destroyer divisions (DesDiv): DesDiv 45 – , , , and DesDiv 46 – , , , .
Merrill had overall command of the force, as well as directly commanding CruDiv 12, while Captain Arleigh Burke commanded DesDiv 45 and Commander Bernard Austin was in command of DesDiv 46.
As the Japanese ships sortied towards Cape Torokina, the Americans were already in the process of withdrawing most of their landing craft and troop transports from around Cape Torokina, and assembling them to the southwest of Empress Augusta Bay.
Meanwhile, US reconnaissance aircraft had detected Omori's force, and in response Merrill's force, which had been shelling Japanese positions around Buka in northern Bougainville the day before, began steaming north from around Vella Lavella to intercept, departing before midnight on 1/2 November.
Merrill subsequently shook his force out into three columns, sending Burke's destroyers to attack the Japanese northern flank, while the cruisers turned about to remain out of torpedo range, with the remaining destroyers from Austin's group being tasked with launching a torpedo attack on the southern flank.
From the leading position in the American formation, Burke sent the four destroyers of DesDiv 45 forward for a torpedo attack and at 02:46 fired a salvo toward the Japanese.
Relying on visual tracking of their targets, with difficulty, the Japanese cruisers pinpointed the American cruisers and opened fire at 03:13.
CruDiv 12 repeatedly maneuvered to avoid starshells fired by the opposing ships but was finally successfully illuminated by brilliant flares dropped by Japanese snooper aircraft.
Throughout the battle the American destroyers experienced difficulty maintaining contact with each other and several times came close to firing on friendly ships, underscoring the difficulty in fighting night actions even when equipped with radar and IFF systems.
A later evaluation of the battle revealed that DesDiv 46 missed an opportunity to torpedo the center group of Japanese ships because of uncertain identification.
By 03:37, Omori, believing that he had sunk a heavy cruiser and worried about being caught in daylight by US carrier aircraft, ordered a retreat.
This was fought off with assistance from US and New Zealand shore-based aircraft, with heavy losses being inflicted on the attacking aircraft.
Not only did they deflect the Japanese away from the vulnerable transport ships and landing craft around Cape Torokina, but they had also inflicted significant damage on their opponents.
For the loss of 19 killed and 26 wounded, and three ships damaged, the US ships sank one light cruiser and one destroyer and damaged two cruisers and two destroyers.
There, they were joined by four cruisers and more destroyers from Truk for another attack on the Allied landing forces at Bougainville.
On 5 November, however, two US aircraft carriers raided Rabaul, heavily damaging four heavy cruisers, which had to withdraw to Truk.
By the start of February 1944, the US had built up a force of over 400 aircraft on Bougainville; before the month ended the Japanese air defenses around Rabaul had been defeated.
On the ground, throughout the remainder of 1943, the US Marines and Japanese fought several minor land battles around the perimeter, culminating in a large scale Japanese counterattack in March 1944.
Toward the end of the shakedown period she served as flagship for Admiral Jonas Ingram, Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet, during his South American tour of inspection.
She returned to the United States and engaged in experimental work at Casco Bay, Maine, from 22 July to 2 October 1945.
She operated in the Far East until 20 November 1946, when she arrived at San Pedro, Calif. She participated in type training and made one reserve training cruise off the west coast before placed out of commission in reserve at San Francisco 9 April 1948.
For two weeks in October she served as temporary flagship for Vice Admiral A. M. Pride, Commander Seventh Fleet, in Keelung, Formosa.
Then on 12 February Bremerton returned home to Long Beach, California, and on 28 February Captain Charles C. Kirkpatrick assumed command.
She lingered in the mothball fleet but was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1973, along with several of her sister ships.
In March 1996, during the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, she took station south of Taiwan to monitor missile tests by the People's Liberation Army.
She again participated in Operation Southern Watch and conducted boardings and inspections of over 40 merchant vessels in support of United Nations sanctions against Iraq.
In December 2004 the ship detoured to the coast of Banda Aceh to provide humanitarian assistance to the Indonesian province as one of the first responders to the earthquake and subsequent tsunami which destroyed the coastal regions of the province.
The Santa Cruz Islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands.
The Santa Cruz Islands lie just north of the archipelago of Vanuatu, and are considered part of the Vanuatu rain forests ecoregion.
The term Santa Cruz Islands is sometimes used to encompass all of the islands of the present-day Solomon Islands province of Temotu.
The largest island is Nendö, which is also known as Santa Cruz Island proper (505.5 km², highest point , population over 5000).
Other islands belonging to the Santa Cruz group are Vanikoro (173.2 km², population 800, which is actually two islands, Banie and its small neighbor Teanu) and Utupua (69.0 km², highest point , population 848).
The Santa Cruz Islands are less than five million years old, and were pushed upward by the tectonic subduction of the northward-moving Indo-Australian Plate under the Pacific Plate.
The native languages of the islands are classified as the Reef Islands–Santa Cruz languages, within the Oceanic subgroup of the Austronesian language family.
In 1966 Gerd Koch, a German anthropologist, carried out research at Graciosa Bay on Nendö Island (Ndende/Ndeni) in the Santa Cruz Islands and on Pileni and Fenualoa in the Reef Islands, and returned with documentary film, photographic and audio material.
The islands were visited by Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña, the first European to sight them, on his second Pacific expedition in 1595.
During the Pacific War, the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands was fought north of the Santa Cruz group and some sea planes were based in Graciosa Bay, with one reportedly having sunk there.
It was reported that almost all houses in Nela village were washed away, and some homes in Venga village were shifted by water.
In March 2003 she was a first responder in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, awaiting orders from the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Turkey.
In March 2007, Seaman Richard Mott slashed the throat of Seaman Jose Garcia from behind as the 18-year-old ate breakfast on the berthing barge nested aside the ship while she was pierside at BAE Shipyards Norfolk, Virginia for repairs.
During the visit, Singapore-based Glenn Defense Marine Asia (GDMA) provided husbanding services, for which the Navy was billed a total of $884,000.
It rises at the confluence of the South Fork, Middle Fork and North Fork in the Lewis and Clark National Forest east of the continental divide in northwestern Teton County at an elevation near 4750 feet.
Palisadoes (word apparently of Portuguese origin) is the thin tombolo of sand that serves as a natural protection for Kingston Harbour, Jamaica.
In 1972 an Advisory committee was set up, including Sam Hart, Vayden McMorris, Edna Manley, Ralph Thompson, Bernard Lewis, Osmond Watson and Karl ‘Jerry’ Craig and on 22 November 1974 the National Gallery of Jamaica (NGJ) opened at Devon House, supervised by Liz Milner.
Maurice Facey was appointed the first Chairman of the NGJ Board of Directors and served in this capacity until 1977 when John Maxwell was appointed as the second Chairman of the Board.
On 2 December 1975 the first appointments were made: David Boxer (Director/Curator), Vera Hyatt (Deputy Director), Roy Case (Director of Development).
Curated by David Boxer and Vera Hyatt it was shown at various venues in the US, Canada and Haiti and finally at the NGJ in 1986.
On 1 March 2000 the Edna Manley Galleries opened, dedicated to Manley’s life and work, featuring work from the Edna Manley Memorial Collection and other sources.
In 2006 Trevor Blake became the fifth Chair and in 2008 Wayne Chen was appointed sixth Chairman of the NGJ Board of Directors.
In 2009 Veerle Poupeye was appointed the first female Executive Director of the Gallery and in 2012 Peter Reid is appointed seventh Chairman of the NGJ Board of Directors.
The culture is mixed, with an ethnically diverse society, stemming from a history of inhabitants beginning with the original Taino people.
After the abolition of slavery, Chinese and Indian migrants were transported to the island as indentured workers, bringing with them ideas from the Far East.
These contributions resulted in a diversity that affected the language, music, dance, religion, and social norms and practices of the Jamaicans.
However the National language of Jamaica is a creole of English called Jamaican Patois (or Jamaican) which the most widely spoken language among Jamaican citizens.
The Rastafari movement is a derivative of the larger Christian culture, but its origins were influenced by rising consciousness of Africa, and an awareness of political events in that continent.
There is also a small number of Jewish synagogues in Jamaica, dating from the 17th century along with a few mosques.
Though the congregations are small, they are visited by many Christians and non-Christians seeking an experience they have not found in the churches.
It is estimated that as much as 40% of the population secretly seek the services of the African traditional religious healers (also called Obeah workers) when confronted with serious problems that conventional medicine cannot remedy.
In 2003, as part of the 60th anniversary celebration of the establishment of Baha'i in Jamaica, the Governor General of Jamaica, Sir Howard Cooke, proclaimed a National Bahá'í Day to be held annually on 25 July.
The choir performed at Ward Theater and the University of the West Indies' Chapel, with proceeds earmarked to two Jamaican charities, (one serving families of policemen slain in the line of duty, and the one Denham Town Golden Age Home).
Originating in the 1930s, one of the most prominent, internationally known aspects of Jamaica's African-Caribbean culture is the Rastafari movement, particularly those elements that are expressed through reggae music.
Rastafari itself is a monotheistic belief system, based on teachings found in the Old Testament and the New Testament – particularly the Book of Revelation.
However, what distinguishes Rastafari from Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, (which also cite Abrahamic beliefs), is that Rastas believe in the divinity of the Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia.
(His Imperial Majesty), Haile Selassie I is regarded as God himself, the true descendant of Solomon, and the earthly embodiment of Jah (God) – in what believers see as a fulfillment of prophecy regarding the second coming of the Messiah.
Instead, Rasta beliefs are primarily shared through a community of songs, chants, and oral testimonies, as well as in written texts (including websites).
However, more Rastafarians are coming to the understanding that Haile Selassie is not the Saviour they are all waiting for and have now seen that he was just an ordinary man like themselves.
However, neither tradition is regarded as compulsory – many people who wear dreadlocks are not Rastas, and many Rastas do not wear them.
One of the most controversial cultural traditions is Rastas' use of ganja as a sacrament which is smoked to aid in reasoning (contemplation and discussion) during their religious rituals.
Cannabis is a strictly prohibited substance in Jamaica, so its use by Rastas means the movement is in a more-or-less permanent state of tension with police authorities.
Jamaica is an overwhelmingly Christian country, so Rasta beliefs and practices – such as the divinity of H.I.M Hailie Selassie – are sometimes regarded as pagan by Christian Jamaicans.
Rex Nettleford, Eddy Thomas, Olive Lewin, and Edna Manley are four Jamaicans whose influences on the arts – music and dance in particular – have been extremely important.
Soca music from Trinidad and Tobago is popular with most of the popular artists from Trinidad, but many soca Jamaican artist such as Byron Lee, Fab 5, and Lovindeer are famous but also represent Jamaican music.
Today's most popular theatrical form in Jamaica, pantomime, began in the 1940s as a fusion of English pantomime with Jamaican folklore.
Winsome handled all the publicity for her plays herself, and ended up putting them on in the rural areas surrounding Kingston – the city theaters refused to house her plays because of their controversial nature.
In 1997, Winsome wrote and produced a root play entitled Ruff Rider, in which family, sexual abuse, love, work, and friendship all intersect.
Other notable roots play figures include Ralph Holness, Ginger Knight, Balfour Anderson, Michael Denton, Ian Reid, Paul Beil, Everton Dawkins, Luke Ellington (Lukington), Buddy Pouyat and the late Hyacinth Brown.
Jamaican authors are always faced with the decision of writing in standard English for a huge worldwide audience, or in the local patois, for a much smaller, but more trendy, audience.
Other more recent feature films made in Jamaica are: 'Almost Heaven', 'Roots Time', 'Wah Do Dem', 'Concrete Jungle', 'Redemption Paradise', 'Real Ghetto Youths', and 'Smile Orange'.
In more general cases, quantum numbers correspond to eigenvalues of operators that commute with the Hamiltonian—quantities that can be known with precision at the same time as the system's energy—and their corresponding eigenspaces.
Together, a specification of all of the quantum numbers of a quantum system fully characterize a basis state of the system, and can in principle be measured together.
In particular, this leads to quantum numbers that take values in discrete sets of integers or half-integers; although they could approach infinity in some cases.
This distinguishes quantum mechanics from classical mechanics where the values that characterize the system such as mass, charge, or momentum, all range continuously.
An important family is flavour quantum numbers – internal quantum numbers which determine the type of a particle and its interactions with other particles through the fundamental forces.
There is one quantum number of the system corresponding to the energy; that is to say, the eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian.
To each operator of the CSCO corresponds a quantum number choosing one of its eigenvalues, so these are all the quantum numbers that the system can have.
Thus, a complete description of the system can be given with fewer quantum numbers, if orthogonal choices are made for these basis vectors.
For example, in caesium (Cs), the outermost valence electron is in the shell with energy level 6, so an electron in caesium can have an value from 1 to 6.
For particles in a time-independent potential (see Schrödinger equation), it also labels the th eigenvalue of Hamiltonian (), that is the energy, with the contribution due to angular momentum (the term involving ) left out.
This number therefore has a dependence only on the distance between the electron and the nucleus (i.e., the radial coordinate, ).
The average distance increases with , and hence quantum states with different principal quantum numbers are said to belong to different shells.
In chemistry, this quantum number is very important, since it specifies the shape of an atomic orbital and strongly influences chemical bonds and bond angles.The azimuthal quantum number can also denote the number of angular nodes present in an orbital.
The s subshell () contains only one orbital, and therefore the of an electron in an s orbital will always be 0.
Each electron in any individual orbital must have different quantum numbers because of the Pauli exclusion principle, therefore an orbital never contains more than two electrons.
The only requirement is that the naming schematic used within a particular set of calculations or descriptions must be consistent (e.g.
the orbital occupied by the first electron in a p orbital could be described as or or , but the value of the next unpaired electron in that orbital must be different; yet, the assigned to electrons in other orbitals again can be or or ).
Example: The quantum numbers used to refer to the outermost valence electrons of a carbon (C) atom, which are located in the 2p atomic orbital, are; (2nd electron shell), (p orbital subshell), , (parallel spins).
However two electrons can never have the same exact quantum state nor the same set of quantum numbers according to Hund's rules, which addresses the Pauli exclusion principle.
Many different models have been proposed throughout the history of quantum mechanics, but the most prominent system of nomenclature spawned from the Hund-Mulliken molecular orbital theory of Friedrich Hund, Robert S. Mulliken, and contributions from Schrödinger, Slater and John Lennard-Jones.
This system of nomenclature incorporated Bohr energy levels, Hund-Mulliken orbital theory, and observations on electron spin based on spectroscopy and Hund's rules.
When one takes the spin–orbit interaction into consideration, the and operators no longer commute with the Hamiltonian, and their eigenvalues therefore change over time.
However, in the presence of spin–orbit interaction, if one wants to describe the same system by 8 states that are eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian (i.e.
In nuclei, the entire assembly of protons and neutrons (nucleons) has a resultant angular momentum due to the angular momenta of each nucleon, usually denoted .
It should be immediately apparent that the combination of the intrinsic spins of the nucleons with their orbital motion will always give half-integer values for the total spin, , of any odd-A nucleus and integer values for any even-A nucleus.
The reason for the unusual fluctuations in , even by differences of just one nucleon, are due to the odd and even numbers of protons and neutrons – pairs of nucleons have a total angular momentum of zero (just like electrons in orbitals), leaving an odd or even number of unpaired nucleons.
The property of nuclear spin is an important factor for the operation of NMR spectroscopy in organic chemistry, and MRI in nuclear medicine, due to the nuclear magnetic moment interacting with an external magnetic field.
However, it should be understood that the elementary particles are quantum states of the standard model of particle physics, and hence the quantum numbers of these particles bear the same relation to the Hamiltonian of this model as the quantum numbers of the Bohr atom does to its Hamiltonian.
Typical quantum numbers related to spacetime symmetries are spin (related to rotational symmetry), the parity, C-parity and T-parity (related to the Poincaré symmetry of spacetime).
All multiplicative quantum numbers belong to a symmetry (like parity) in which applying the symmetry transformation twice is equivalent to doing nothing (involution).
The city is on the Mun River in the southeast of the Isan region of Thailand, and is located 615 km away from Bangkok.
This included 85,000 in Thetsaban Nakhon Ubon Ratchathani (Ubon municipality), 30,000 each in Thetsaban Mueang Warin Chamrap (Warin municipality) and Thetsaban Tambon Kham Yai, 24,000 in Thetsaban Tambon Saen Suk, 10,000 each in Thetsaban Tambon Pathum and Tambon Kham Nam Saep, and 6,000 in Thetsaban Tambon Ubon.
The city was founded in the late 18th century by Thao Kham Phong, descendant of Phra Wo and Phra Ta, who escaped from King Siribunsan of Vientiane into the Siam Kingdom during the reign of King Taksin the Great.
Ubon grew extensively during World War II when Japanese forces brought in prisoners of war by rail from Kanchanaburi, the survivors of the Burma Railway.
One legacy of this is a monument in the city's central Thung Si Meuang Park, erected by British prisoners of war in gratitude to the citizens of Ubon Ratchathani for assisting them.
During the Vietnam War, United States armed forces constructed Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, which is now also a dual-use commercial airport.
The south bank of the river is occupied by the suburb of Warin Chamrap (Warin for short), which is effectively incorporated into the city.
The monsoon season runs from late April to October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
Ubon Ratchathani is best known for its annual Candle Festival, held in July to mark the beginning of the rainy season retreat for Buddhists, Wan Khao Phansa, also called Buddhist Lent.
One day prior, candles are taken to Thung Si Mueang, the central park in the middle of the city; the park is decorated and exhibited in the evening.
On the same evening, there are many smaller processions during which candles are carried to practically all Buddhist temples in Thailand.
Wat Nong Pah Pong, for example, is a Buddhist forest monastery in the Thai Forest Tradition, which was established by Venerable Ajahn Chah Subhaddo in 1954.
As well as being a commercial facility, Ubon Ratchathani Airport (IATA: UBP) is also an active Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) base, the home of 2nd Air Division/21st Wing Air Combat Command.
The town's main bus station is in the northwest of the city, on the Ring Road (Highway 231), 500 m west of its intersection with Chayangkun Road (Highway 212) on the outskirts of the city and close to Big C store.
As the Director of JPL, from 1954, Pickering was closely involved with management of the Private and Corporal missiles under the aegis of the U.S. Army.
His group launched Explorer I on a Jupiter-C rocket from Cape Canaveral on 31 January 1958 less than four months after the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik.
In 1958 the lab's projects were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Pickering's team concentrated on NASA's unmanned space-flight program.
JPL, under Pickering's direction flew further Explorer 3 and Pioneer missions as well as the Ranger and Surveyor missions to the moon and the several Mariner flybys of Venus and Mars.
At the time of his retirement as director, in 1976, the Voyager missions were about to launch on tours of the outer planets and Viking 1 was on its way to land on Mars.
Bill Pickering, keen to support authentic science in his home country, was Patron of New Zealand's only school-based research group, the Nexus Research Group, from 1999 until his death in 2004.
Between 1977 and his death in 2004, Pickering also served as Patron of the New Zealand Spaceflight Association; a non-profit organisation that existed from 1977 to 2012 to promote an informed approach to astronautics and related sciences.
In 2009 to mark the International Year of Astronomy, William Hayward Pickering was selected along with cosmologist Beatrice Tinsley to have their names bestowed on peaks in the Kepler Mountains of New Zealand's Fiordland National Park.
Three roads in New Zealand have been named after Pickering, namely: Sir William Pickering Drive in the Canterbury Technology Park in Christchurch; Pickering Crescent in Hamilton; and William Pickering Drive in Auckland.
Aegopodium podagraria (commonly called ground elder, herb gerard, bishop's weed, goutweed, gout wort, and snow-in-the-mountain, and sometimes called English masterwort and wild masterwort) is a perennial plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae) that grows in shady places.
This species is native to Eurasia, and has been introduced around the world as an ornamental plant, where it occasionally poses an ecological threat as an invasive exotic plant.
Once established, the plants are highly competitive, also in shaded environments, and can reduce the diversity of ground cover, and prevent the establishment of tree and shrub seedlings.
Because of its limited seed dispersal ability, short-lived seed bank and seedling recruitment, the primary vector for dispersal to new areas are human plantings as an ornamental, medicinal or vegetable plant, as well as by accidentally spreading rhizomes by dumping of garden waste.
Because of its potential impacts on native communities and the difficulty of its control, it has been banned or restricted in some jurisdictions outside its native range, including in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Wisconsin (see Administrative Code NR 40), and Vermont in the USA.
All-green goutweed may be more persistent and spread more rapidly than ornamental, variegated goutweed varieties, making the all-green type particularly difficult to control.
Integrative management strategies that combine herbicide with landscape cloth, bark mulch, and hand weeding to control goutweed in a garden are largely unsuccessful because sprouting occurs from either rhizomes or root fragments left in the soil.
Hand pulling, raking, and digging followed by monitoring to control goutweed may be effective; however, caution must be taken to remove the entire rhizome and root system.
Because goutweed's starch reserves are typically depleted by spring, removal of leaves in spring could be effective in starving the plant.
It is thus recommended to plant goutweed only on sites not adjacent to wildlands and in gardens where root spread can be restricted (e.g., between a sidewalk and a house).
The tender leaves have been used in antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages as a spring leaf vegetable, much as spinach was used.
It is best picked from when it appears (as early as February in the UK) to just before it flowers (May to June).
However, it can be stopped from flowering by pinching out the flowers, ensuring the plant remains edible if used more sparingly as a pot herb.
It also had a history as a medicinal herb to treat gout and arthritis, applied in hot wraps externally upon boiling both leaves and roots together.
The plant is said to have been introduced into Great Britain by the Romans as a food plant and into Northern Europe as a medicinal herb by monks.
Dawn is a retired space probe launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres.
It was retired on 1 November 2018 and it is currently in an uncontrolled orbit around its second target, the dwarf planet Ceres.
On October 19, 2017, NASA announced that the mission would be extended until the probe's hydrazine fuel supply was used up.
On November 1, 2018, NASA announced that the Dawn spacecraft had finally exhausted all of its hydrazine fuel, thus ending its mission.
It was the first NASA exploratory mission to use ion propulsion, which enabled it to enter and leave the orbit of two celestial bodies.
The first working ion thruster in the US was built by Harold R. Kaufman in 1959 at NASA's Glenn Research Center in Ohio.
Suborbital tests of the engine followed during the 1960s, and in 1964 the engine was tested on a suborbital flight aboard the Space Electric Rocket Test 1 (SERT 1).
Deep Space 1 (DS1), which NASA launched in 1998, demonstrated the long-duration use of a xenon-propelled ion thruster on a science mission, and validated a number of technologies, including the NSTAR electrostatic ion thruster, as well as performing a flyby of an asteroid and a comet.
The spacecraft's manufacturer, Orbital Sciences Corporation, appealed NASA's decision, offering to build the spacecraft at cost, forgoing any profit in order to gain experience in a new market field.
NASA then put the cancellation under review, and on March 27, 2006, it was announced that the mission would not be cancelled after all.
Although originally projected to cost US$373 million, cost overruns inflated the final cost of the mission to US$446 million in 2007.
The two bodies provide a bridge in scientific understanding between the formation of rocky planets and the icy bodies of the Solar System, and under what conditions a rocky planet can hold water.
Vesta, a smaller, water-poor achondritic asteroid comprising a tenth of the mass of the asteroid belt, has experienced significant heating and differentiation.
Available evidence indicates that both bodies formed very early in the history of the Solar System, thereby retaining a record of events and processes from the time of the formation of the terrestrial planets.
Radionuclide dating of pieces of meteorites thought to come from Vesta suggests that Vesta differentiated quickly, in three million years or less.
Thermal evolution studies suggest that Ceres must have formed some time later, more than three million years after the formation of CAIs (the oldest known objects of Solar System origin).
Five percent of the meteoritic samples found on Earth, the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) meteorites, are thought to be the result of a collision or collisions with Vesta.
It is thought that Ceres may have a differentiated interior; its oblateness appears too small for an undifferentiated body, which indicates that it consists of a rocky core overlain with an icy mantle.
There is a large collection of potential samples from Vesta accessible to scientists, in the form of over 1,400 HED meteorites, giving insight into Vesta geologic history and structure.
The primary question that the mission addresses is the role of size and water in determining the evolution of the planets.
Ceres and Vesta are highly suitable bodies with which to address this question, as they are two of the most massive of the protoplanets.
Finally, it contrasts the formation and evolution of two small planets that followed very different evolutionary paths, allowing scientists to determine what factors control that evolution.
The whole spacecraft, including the ion propulsion thrusters, was powered by a 10 kW (at 1 AU) triple-junction gallium arsenide photovoltaic solar array manufactured by Dutch Space.
The spacecraft also has twelve 0.9 N hydrazine thrusters for attitude control (orientation), which were also used to assist in orbital insertion.
The microchip, which is two centimetres in diameter, was installed on May 17, 2007, above the spacecraft's forward ion thruster, underneath its high-gain antenna.
More than one microchip was made, with a back-up copy put on display at the 2007 Open House event at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory provided overall planning and management of the mission, the flight system and scientific payload development, and provided the ion propulsion system.
The Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) provided the framing cameras, the Italian Space Agency provided the mapping spectrometer, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory provided the gamma ray and neutron spectrometer.
On April 10, 2007, the spacecraft arrived at the Astrotech Space Operations subsidiary of SPACEHAB, Inc. in Titusville, Florida, where it was prepared for launch.
A broken crane at the launch pad, used to raise the solid rocket boosters, further delayed the launch for a week, until July 7; prior to this, on June 15, the second stage was successfully hoisted into position.
A mishap at the Astrotech Space Operations facility, involving slight damage to one of the solar arrays, did not have an effect on the launch date; however, bad weather caused the launch to slip to July 8.
During the final built-in hold at T−4 minutes, a ship entered the exclusion area offshore, the strip of ocean where the rocket boosters were likely to fall after separation.
After commanding the ship to leave the area, the launch was required to wait for the end of a collision avoidance window with the International Space Station.
The spacecraft was reported to be back in full operation two days later, with no impact on the subsequent mission identified.
The exact time of insertion could not be confirmed, since it depended on Vesta's mass distribution, which was not precisely known and at that time had only been estimated.
It assumed a 12.3-hour high-altitude mapping orbit at on September 27, and finally entered a 4.3-hour low-altitude mapping orbit at on December 8.
Seven optical navigation photo sessions (OpNav 1–7, on January 13 and 25, February 3 and 25, March 1, and April 10 and 15) and two full rotation observation sessions (RC1–2, on February 12 and 19) were planned before full observation begins with orbital capture.
It responded by going into safe mode and sending a signal to engineers, who fixed the error on July 2, 2015.
After switching to a separate ion engine and conducting tests from July 14 through July 16, 2015, engineers certified the ability to continue the mission.
The return to a higher altitude allowed for a second set of data at this altitude, which improves the overall science quality when added to the first batch.
However, this time the spacecraft was placed where it was not spiraling and was orbiting in the same direction as Ceres, which reduced propellant consumption.
At Aichbühl, about 1.5 km north of the Schussen source, excavations at the end of the 19th century in the bog of Federsee discovered Neolithic pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The abbey received many privileges, for example in 1521 the High Jurisdiction (blood court), allowing it to depict the sword next to the crozier in the coat of arms.
Today major local employers are a psychiatric hospital for general psychiatry and psychotherapy (ZfP Südwürttemberg), the Schwäbische Hüttenwerke (SHW), an automotive supplier, and the concrete mixer division of the Liebherr Group.
Oswald Metzger, a former Green party, now Christian democratic politician and cyclist Rolf Gölz, who won a silver medal in the 1984 Summer Olympics, are from Bad Schussenried.
Prem Nazir (born Abdul Khader; 7 April 1926 – 16 January 1989) was an Indian film actor known as one of Malayalam cinema's definitive leading men of his generation.
Nazir rose to stardom during the 1950s to become one of the biggest superstars from the 1950s to his death in 1989.
After 1985, he intentionally moved from main hero roles to character roles as he wanted to do all kinds of characters, as other artists do.
The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, the third and fourth highest civilian honours respectively, for his contribution towards the arts.
Nazir holds two Guinness World Records: for playing the lead role in a record 720 films, and for playing opposite the same heroine in 130 films (with Sheela).
He also holds two other acting records; for acting opposite eighty heroines and for acting in lead roles in 41 films which were released in a single year (1979).He sang for a movie in 1968; Rest House.
Nazir was born in Chirayinkeezhu in the princely state of Travancore (now part of Kerala), to Akkode Shahul Hamid and Asuma Beevi on 7 April 1926.
He started acting for the Excel Productions (Udaya Studio) and most of his films were for the Udaya and Merryland Studios.
With the arrival of Nazir, there was a new screen personality, a new debonair actor who could be the heart throb of the youth.
Another factor that helped Prem Nazir's instant rise – as it had the rise of his contemporaries in other regional film industries – was the continuing reign of mythologicals and devotionals.
All such films for a long period kept him before his fans, nourished his romantic image and provided him unlimited scope for rehearsing and refining his talent in playing diverse roles.
Since the bulk of South Indian cinema was theatrical visually and aurally, Prem Nazir's stage background and his extraordinary command of Malayalam helped him win the hearts of his audience.
In the late 1950s, Nazir drew attention by playing movies with themes based on social and religious injustices in the society.
From 1956 to 1976, Prem Nazir rode high at the crest of a tidal wave of popularity and also gave his best to Malayalam cinema.
One could see a lot of the pre-occupations of the scenarist, who carried the touches of human relationships through all of his subsequent films whether as screenplay writer or director.
In spite of its large number of studio shots and overall theatricality, the film was so culturally rich that many of the episodes would become archetypes for future Malayalam film makers dealing with family drama.
It depicted the story of an imbecile (finely portrayed by Prem Nazir) in a joint family with remarkable sensitivity and seriousness of purpose.
During his peak time, Nazir gave life to many characters and enjoyed a wide popularity among all sects of the society.
Although the actor faced criticism for playing such roles as his physique was least suited for it, he still enjoyed a huge fan following among the audiences.
In his movies, Nazir was well known for playing the eternal romantic hero and the good guy who would bash up the villains without remorse.
He also holds the record for having acted in the most leading roles – about 700 films (with 85 heroines; another record).
Although Sheela is known as the lucky mascot of Prem Nazir, his movies with other heroines like Jayabharathi and Sharada were also big successes at box office.
He is quite popularly described as Nithyaharithanayakan (The Evergreen Hero), which do justice to the fact that he was acting as the hero in his elder years as well.
Senior Malayalam cine actress Kaviyoor Ponnamma has revealed that Prem Nazir was a very good singer, and had training in Carnatic music.
In one of his last interviews, he had expressed a desire to direct a film with Mammootty and Mohanlal in the lead.
In most of these movies Nazir teamed with Adoor Bhasi, a famed comedy actor who would accompany Nazir characters in investigations.
It has inspired numerous adaptations and similar series like for example popular CBI series with Mammootty in the lead and a satirical CID series of Mohanlal-Sreenivasan team.
Another popular film series starring Nazir was a series of movies based on Vadakanpaattu which are part of the traditional folklore of Kerala.
Laila (married to Engineer Rashid of Trivandrum & settled at Calicut), Rasiya (married to Mr. Hashim, Businessman from Kannur & settled at Chennai) – both elder to Shanavas.
:- Koonthalloor School (On his memory this school is named after him Prem Nazir Memorial Government Higher Secondary School), Chirainkeezhu Hospital, Palakunnu Library etc.
He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1983 by the President of India in recognition of distinguished services of a high order to the nation in his field (acting).
He is known for his amazing longevity in that he was active during the peak years of other iconic Malayalam superstars like Sathyan and Jayan acting alongside them in 1960s and 1970s respectively.
Nazir who began his movie career in the early 1950s, later acted alongside popular future stars like Shankar, Mammootty & Mohanlal by the 1980s.
Nazir is generally considered the ultimate romantic hero in Malayalam cinema due to his handsomeness and ease of acting in romantic roles particularly in romantic song sequences.
Prem Nazir has also appeared in the highest number of dual roles (more than 33) in Malayalam films, and perhaps in world cinema.
Since 1991, they have also designed exotic concept and special vehicles for the Geneva Motor Show and other car shows each year, but do not enter into production.
The zaZen is powered by a flat-6 engine that has a displacement of and develops a maximum power of 355 bhp (261 kW) at 6600 rpm.
The car is able to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 4.8 seconds and reach the top speed of 182 mph (293 km/h).
The Rinspeed Splash is a concept amphibian vehicle with hydrofoil design capable of 45 knots on water or nearly 200 km/h on land.
Propelled by a 750 cc two cylinder turbo-charged engine burning natural gas which supplies at 7000 rpm and weighing just 825 kg, this strange-looking vehicle can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in just 5.9 seconds.
In 2006 it set a record for crossing the English Channel in a hydrofoil car, making the journey in 3 hours 14 minutes.
The iChange is a concept car that changes shape and configuration based on the number of passengers inside, up to three.
The iChange has a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) speed of slightly over four seconds, and hit a top speed of .
The concept car can reach a top speed of 110 km/h, and on-board batteries enable the car a capable of 120 km range in one charge.
Budii displays experiments to include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) radio-based communications, radar and motion sensing systems including advanced camera monitoring.
It is also equipped with telescoping laser scanner on the roof called TrackView which can be raised by 70 centimeters and delivers a precise 3D perspective by combining data from all the various sensors to map the surrounding terrain.
It also features floor to ceiling glass doors, a battery-electric engine, retractable steering wheel, solar panels integrated into the roof, and an augmented reality display.
An unusual feature, for a car, is the dash-mounted garden with sensors to advise the user when to feed the plants.
Powered by four turboprop engines each driving a pair of contra-rotating propellers, the design was the first wide-body transport aircraft and remains the world's largest turboprop-powered aircraft to date.
In the late 1950s, the Soviet Union required a large military transport aircraft to supplement the Antonov An-8 and An-12s then entering service.
In the early 1960s, the Antonov bureau produced a wooden mock up at its Kiev, Ukraine, workshops of what was designated the Model 100.
The prototype was given the name Antheus and, after four-months of test flying, was displayed at the 1965 Paris Air Show.
All aircraft were built at the Tashkent State Aircraft Factory and the first military delivery was made to the Air Transport Wing at Ivanovo Airbase in 1969.
The aircraft was designed as a strategic airlifter, designed specifically to expand the Soviet Airborne Troops' capability to land with their then-new BMD-1 armoured vehicles.
The landing gear is ruggedized for rough airstrips, and, in early versions, tire pressures could be adjusted in flight for optimum landing performance, although that feature was removed in later models.
The An-22 follows traditional cargo transport design with a high-mounted wing allowing a large cargo space of 33 m in length and a usable volume of 639 m³.
The forward fuselage is fully pressurized and provides space for 5 to 8 crew and up to 28 passengers, but the cargo space is pressurized to only 3.55 PSI / 0.245 bar allowing for a lighter airframe.
A door equipped with pressure bulkhead is located at frame 14, separating the cargo attendant's compartment from the main cargo compartment.
The An-22 has the general appearance of an enlarged version of the earlier Antonov An-12 except that it is fitted with a twin tail.
Prototypes, such as the one first featured at the 1965 Paris Air Show had fully glazed noses that lacked the nose mounted radar of production models.
Antonov designated a variant with a modified electrical system and an additional augmented flight control system the An-22A but the designation was not used by the military.
Several other An-22 variants were projected and constructed by Antonov but never entered serial production, notably a nuclear-powered aircraft and a ballistic missile platform.
The 12th Mginsk Red Banner Military Transport Aviation Division (based at Migalovo) was one of the units which had its three regiments entirely equipped with the An-22s.
Another unit that operated it was the 566th Solnechnogorsk Military Transport Aviation Regiment, which used the An-22 from 1970 to 1987.
An early use of the An-22 was to deliver Soviet humanitarian aid to Peru in July 1970 following the Ancash earthquake.
An-22s were also used to deliver Soviet military aid to Egypt and Syria during the Yom Kippur War in 1973, to Angola in 1975, and to Ethiopia in 1977.
The An-22s from Migalovo were used for the initial deployment of the Soviet Airborne Troops (VDV) during the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
One An-22 was shot down near Kabul on 28 October 1984, at takeoff, with about 250 casualties as the aircraft was used as troop carrier, probably shot down by a SA-7 missile.
In 1986 the aircraft of the 8th Military Air Transport Aviation Regiment from Migalovo were used to deliver materials for the Chernobyl disaster relief operation.
A year later the military An-22s were used to deliver 15,000 tons and 1,000 personnel for the 1988 Armenian earthquake relief operation.
The An-22 aircraft were often seen at the Le Bourget Air Show, and in 1988 delivered an engine from the An-124 to the Farnborough Airshow.
In late 1980s, the An-22s were used to deliver Internal Troops to many regional conflicts during and after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Approximately 45 An-22s remained in service by the mid-1990s, mostly with the Russian Air Force, but these are slowly being replaced by the bigger turbofan-powered Antonov An-124.
As of December 2018, six An-22s were in service with the 76th Military Transport Air Squadron at Tver, with only three aircraft airworthy.
Designed to replace the earlier F4F Wildcat and to counter the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero, it was the United States Navy's dominant fighter in the second half of the Pacific War, outdueling the faster Vought F4U Corsair, which had problems with carrier landings.
Powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp, the same powerplant used for both the Corsair and the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters, the F6F was an entirely new design, but it still resembled the Wildcat in many ways.
The F6F made its combat debut in September 1943, and was best known for its role as a rugged, well-designed carrier fighter, which was able to outperform the A6M Zero and help secure air superiority over the Pacific theater.
Hellcats were credited with destroying a total of 5,223 enemy aircraft while in service with the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm.
Postwar, the Hellcat was phased out of front-line service, but remained in service as late as 1954 as a night fighter.
Grumman had been working on a successor to the F4F Wildcat since 1938 and the contract for the prototype XF6F-1 was signed on 30 June 1941.
The aircraft was originally designed to use the Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone two-row, 14-cylinder radial engine of (the same engine used with Grumman's then-new torpedo bomber under development), driving a three-bladed Curtiss Electric propeller.
Throughout early 1942, Leroy Grumman, along with his chief designers Jake Swirbul and Bill Schwendler, worked closely with the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) and experienced F4F pilots, to develop the new fighter in such a way that it could counter the Zero's strengths and help gain air command in the Pacific Theater of Operations.
On 22 April 1942, Lieutenant Commander Butch O'Hare toured the Grumman Aircraft company and spoke with Grumman engineers, analyzing the performance of the F4F Wildcat against the Mitsubishi A6M Zero in aerial combat.
Based on combat accounts of encounters between the F4F Wildcat and A6M Zero, on 26 April 1942, BuAer directed Grumman to install the more-powerful, 18-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp radial engine – already powering Chance Vought's Corsair design since its own beginnings in 1940 – in the second XF6F-1 prototype.
The Cyclone-powered XF6F-1 (02981) first flew on 26 June 1942, followed by the first Double Wasp-equipped aircraft, the XF6F-3 (02982), which first flew on 30 July 1942.
The first production F6F-3, powered by an R-2800-10, flew on 3 October 1942, with the type reaching operational readiness with VF-9 on in February 1943.
A bullet-resistant windshield and a total of of cockpit armor was fitted, along with armor around the oil tank and oil cooler.
Standard armament on the F6F-3 consisted of six .50 in (12.7 mm) M2/AN Browning air-cooled machine guns with 400 rounds per gun.
A center-section hardpoint under the fuselage could carry a single disposable drop tank, while later aircraft had single bomb racks installed under each wing, inboard of the undercarriage bays; with these and the center-section hard point late model F6F-3s could carry a total bomb load in excess of .
Two night fighter subvariants of the F6F-3 were developed; the 18 F6F-3E's were converted from standard-3s and featured the AN/APS-4 10 GHz frequency radar in a pod mounted on a rack beneath the right wing, with a small radar scope fitted in the middle of the main instrument panel and radar operating controls installed on the port side of the cockpit.
The later F6F-3N, first flown in July 1943, was fitted with the AN/APS-6 radar in the fuselage, with the antenna dish in a bulbous fairing mounted on the leading-edge of the outer right wing as a development of the AN/APS-4; about 200 F6F-3Ns were built.
The F6F-5 featured several improvements, including a more powerful R-2800-10W engine employing a water-injection system and housed in a slightly more streamlined engine cowling, spring-loaded control tabs on the ailerons, and an improved, clear-view windscreen, with a flat armored-glass front panel replacing the F6F-3's curved plexiglass panel and internal armor glass screen.
In addition, the rear fuselage and tail units were strengthened, and apart from some early production aircraft, the majority of the F6F-5's built were painted in an overall gloss sea-blue finish.
While all F6F-5s were capable of carrying an armament mix of one 20-mm (.79-in) M2 cannon in each of the inboard gun bays (220 rounds per gun), along with two pairs of .50-in (12.7-mm) machine guns (each with 400 rounds per gun), this configuration was only used on later F6F-5N night fighters.
Other prototypes in the F6F series included the XF6F-4 (02981, a conversion of the XF6F-1 powered by an R-2800-27 and armed with four 20-mm M2 cannon) which first flew on 3 October 1942 as the prototype for the projected F6F-4.
Another experimental prototype was the XF6F-2 (66244), an F6F-3 converted to use a Wright R-2600-15, fitted with a Birman-manufactured mixed-flow turbocharger, which was later replaced by a Pratt & Whitney R-2800-21, also fitted with a Birman turbocharger.
Two XF6F-6s (70188 and 70913) were converted from F6F-5s and used the 18-cylinder Pratt and Whitney R-2800-18W two-stage supercharged radial engine with water injection and driving a Hamilton-Standard four-bladed propeller.
The XF6F-6s were the fastest version of the Hellcat series with a top speed of , but the war ended before this variant could be mass-produced.
The last Hellcat rolled out in November 1945, the total production being 12,275, of which 11,000 had been built in just two years.
The U.S. Navy much preferred the more docile flight qualities of the F6F compared with the Vought F4U Corsair, despite the superior speed of the Corsair.
This preference was especially noted during carrier landings, a critical success requirement for the Navy, in which the Corsair was fundamentally flawed in comparison.
The Corsair was thus released by the Navy to the Marine Corps, which without the need to worry about carrier landings, used the Corsair to immense effect in land-based sorties.
The Hellcat remained the standard USN carrier-borne fighter until the F4U series was finally cleared for U.S. carrier operations in late 1944 (the carrier landing issues had by now been tackled largely due to use of Corsair by the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm).
In addition to its good flight qualities, the Hellcat was easy to maintain and had an airframe tough enough to withstand the rigors of routine carrier operations.
Soon after, on 23 and 24 November, Hellcats engaged Japanese aircraft over Tarawa, shooting down a claimed 30 Mitsubishi Zeros for the loss of one F6F.
Over Rabaul, New Britain, on 11 November 1943, Hellcats and F4U Corsairs were engaged in day-long fights with many Japanese aircraft including A6M Zeros, claiming nearly 50 aircraft.
The Japanese fighter could out-turn its American opponent with ease at low speed and enjoyed a slightly better rate of climb below .
A formidable opponent for the Hellcat was the Kawanishi N1K, but it was produced too late and in insufficient numbers to affect the outcome of the war.
U.S. Navy and Marine F6F pilots flew 66,530 combat sorties and claimed 5,163 kills (56% of all U.S. Navy/Marine air victories of the war) at a recorded cost of 270 Hellcats in aerial combat (an overall kill-to-loss ratio of 19:1 based on claimed kills).
Even so, the aircraft performed well against the best Japanese opponents with a claimed 13:1 kill ratio against the A6M Zero, 9.5:1 against the Nakajima Ki-84, and 3.7:1 against the Mitsubishi J2M during the last year of the war.
The U.S. successes were not just attributed to superior aircraft – from 1942 onwards, they faced increasingly inexperienced Japanese aviators and had the advantage of increasing numerical superiority.
During the course of World War II, 2,462 F6F Hellcats were lost to all causes – 270 in aerial combat, 553 to antiaircraft ground and shipboard fire, and 341 due to operational causes.
The British Fleet Air Arm (FAA) received 1,263 F6Fs under the Lend-Lease Act; initially it was known as the Grumman Gannet Mark I.
The name Hellcat replaced it in early 1943 for the sake of simplicity, the Royal Navy at that time adopting the use of the existing American naval names for all the U.S.-made aircraft supplied to it, with the F6F-3 being designated Hellcat F Mk.I, the F6F-5, the Hellcat F Mk.II and the F6F-5N, the Hellcat NF Mk.II.
The Pacific War being primarily a naval war, the FAA Hellcats primarily faced land-based aircraft in the European and Mediterranean theaters, and as a consequence experienced far fewer opportunities for air-to-air combat than their USN/Marines counterparts, nevertheless, they claimed a total of 52 enemy aircraft kills during 18 aerial combats from May 1944 to July 1945.
FAA Hellcats, as with other Lend-Lease aircraft, were rapidly replaced by British aircraft after the end of the war, with only two of the 12 squadrons equipped with the Hellcat at VJ-Day still retaining Hellcats by the end of 1945.
After the war, the Hellcat was succeeded by the F8F Bearcat, which was smaller, more powerful (powered by uprated Double Wasp radials) and more maneuverable, but entered service too late to see combat in World War II.
The Hellcat was used for second-line USN duties, including training, Naval Reserve squadrons, and a handful were converted to target drones.
In late 1952, Guided Missile Unit 90 used F6F-5K drones, each carrying a bomb, to attack bridges in Korea; flying from , radio controlled from an escorting AD Skyraider.
These were painted in Gloss Sea Blue, similar to post-World War II US Navy aircraft until about 1955, but have a modified French roundel with an image of an anchor.
The F6F-5 subtype also gained fame as the first aircraft used by the U.S. Navy's Blue Angels official flight demonstration team at its formation in 1946.
A pen register, or dialed number recorder (DNR), is an electronic device that records all numbers called from a particular telephone line.
The term has come to include any device or program that performs similar functions to an original pen register, including programs monitoring Internet communications.
Samuel F. B. Morse's 1840 telegraph patent described such a register as consisting of a lever holding an armature on one end, opposite an electromagnet, with a fountain pen, pencil or other marking instrument on the other end, and a clockwork mechanism to advance a paper recording tape under the marker.
As pulse dialing came into use for telephone exchanges, pen registers had obvious applications as diagnostic instruments for recording sequences of telephone dial pulses.
After the introduction of tone dialing, any instrument that could be used record the numbers dialed from a telephone came to be defined as a pen register.
A device which records or decodes electronic or other impulses which identify the numbers called or otherwise transmitted on the telephone line to which such device is dedicated.
Since the defendant had disclosed the dialed numbers to the telephone company so they could connect his call, he did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the numbers he dialed.
The court did not distinguish between disclosing the numbers to a human operator or just the automatic equipment used by the telephone company.
Private parties were generally restricted from using them unless they met one of the exceptions, which included an exception for the business providing the communication if it needed to do so to ensure the proper functioning of its business.
For law enforcement agencies to get a pen register approved for surveillance, they must get a court order from a judge.
The ruling held that only the content of a conversation should receive full constitutional protection under the right to privacy; since pen registers do not intercept conversation, they do not pose as much threat to this right.
Others, such as Daniel J. Solove, Petricia Bellia, and Dierdre Mulligan, believe that probable cause and a warrant should be necessary.
While there were civil remedies for violations of the Act, evidence gained in violation of the Act can still be used against a defendant in court.
There have also been calls for congress to add an exclusionary rule to the Pen Register Act, as this would make it more analogous to traditional Fourth Amendment protections.
The penalty for violating the Pen Register Act is a misdemeanor, and it carries a prison sentence of not more than one year.
Section 216 of the 2001 USA PATRIOT Act expanded the definition of a pen register to include devices or programs that provide an analogous function with internet communications.
Prior to the Patriot Act, it was unclear whether or not the definition of a pen register, which included very specific telephone terminology, could apply to internet communications.
Most courts and law enforcement personnel operated under the assumption that it did, however the Clinton administration had begun to work on legislation to make that clear, and one magistrate judge in California did rule that the language was too telephone-specific to apply to Internet surveillance.
As there is no constitutional protection for information divulged to a third party under the Supreme Court's expectation of privacy test, and the routing information for phone and internet communications are divulged to the company providing the communication, the absence or inapplicability of the statute would leave the routing information for those communications completely unprotected from government surveillance.
Without the Act, they cannot compel service providers to give them records or do internet surveillance with their own equipment or software, and the law enforcement agency, which may not have very good technological capabilities, will have to do the surveillance itself at its own cost.
Rather than creating new laws regarding Internet surveillance, the Patriot Act simply expanded the definition of a pen register to include computer software programs doing Internet surveillance.
While not completely compatible with the technical definition of a pen register device, this was the interpretation that had been used by almost all courts and law enforcement agencies prior to the change.
When, in 2006, the Bush administration came under fire for having secretly collected billions of phone call details from regular Americans, ostensibly to check for calls to terror suspects, the Pen Register Act was cited, along with the Stored Communications Act, as example of how such domestic spying violated Federal law.
The order was approved on April 25, 2013 by federal Judge Roger Vinson, member of the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), which court had been created by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).
The order gave the government unlimited authority to compel Verizon to collect and provide the data for a specified three-month period ending on July 19.
This is the first time significant and top-secret documents have been revealed exposing the continuation of the practice on a massive scale under U.S. President Barack Obama.
The DEA pays AT&T to maintain employees throughout the country devoted to investigating call records through this database for the DEA.
Gregory Keyes (born April 11, 1963) is an American writer of science fiction and fantasy who has written both original and media-related novels under both the names J. Gregory Keyes and Greg Keyes.
Greg Keyes builds his stories around multiple main characters who meet only rarely, but allow the reader to follow different threads of the same events.
He was confirmed a veteran of the war and awarded a pension of $500 semi-annually by House Bill 1044 (passed by Congress February 22, 1866).
As of the Fall of 1867 after the death of Samuel Downing in Edinburgh, Saratoga County, New York, John Gray was then believed by the Pension Office of the U.S. Department of the Interior to be the last surviving veteran.
Samuel Downing and Gray had been granted pensions, by special act of the U.S. Congress (in February 1867, retroactive to June 1, 1866).
Bakeman was unable to prove his service; Gray, while able to prove his service, had only served six months; Fruits had never had any pension.
The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including Standard Thai or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language and Zhuang, a major language in the Southern Chinese province of Guangxi.
According to Michel Ferlus, the ethnonyms Tai/Thai (or Tay/Thay) would have evolved from the etymon *k(ə)ri: 'human being' through the following chain: kəri: > kəli: > kədi:/kədaj (-l- > -d- shift in tense sesquisyllables and probable diphthongization of -i: > -aj).
And then to *daj (Proto-Southwestern Tai) > tʰaj (in Siamese and Lao) or > taj (in the other Southwestern and Central Tai languages by Li Fangkuei).
Michel Ferlus' work is based on some simple rules of phonetic change observable in the Sinosphere and studied for the most part by William H. Baxter (1992).
Based on layers of Chinese loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai and other historical evidence, Pittayawat Pittayaporn (2014) suggests that the dispersal of Southwestern Tai must have begun sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries AD.
Characteristics of the Dioi group pointed out by Haudricourt are (i) a correspondence between r- in Dioi and the lateral l- in the other Tai languages, (ii) divergent characteristics of the vowel systems of the Dioi group: e.g.
'tail' has a /a/ vowel in Tai proper, as against /ə̄/ in Bo-ai, /iə/ in Tianzhou, and /ɯə/ in Tianzhou and Wuming, and (iii) the lack, in the Dioi group, of aspirated stops and affricates, which are found everywhere in Tai proper.
As compared with Li Fang-kuei's classification, Haudricourt's classification amounts to consider Li's Southern Tai and Central Tai as forming a subgroup, of which Southwestern Tai is a sister: the three last languages in Haudricourt's list of 'Tai proper' languages are Tho (Tày), Longzhou, and Nung, which Li classifies as 'Central Tai'.
Pittayawat Pittayaporn (2009) classifies the Tai languages based on clusters of shared innovations (which, individually, may be associated with more than one branch) (Pittayaporn 2009:298).
In Pittayaporn's preliminary classification system of the Tai languages, Central Tai is considered to be paraphyletic and is split up into multiple branches, with the Zhuang varieties of Chongzuo in southwestern Guangxi (especially in the Zuo River valley at the border to Vietnam) having the most internal diversity.
The Southwestern Tai and Northern Tai branches remain intact as in Li Fang-Kuei's 1977 classification system, and several of the Southern Zhuang languages allocated ISO codes are considered to be paraphyletic.
Zhuang languages are traditionally written with Chinese characters called Sawndip, and now officially written with a romanized alphabet, though the traditional writing system is still in use to this day.
Having developed from a rural settlement into a small urban area, Laupheim is home to a number of small to medium-sized industries and businesses.
The southern parts of it were incorporated into the district of Biberach (including Laupheim itself) whereas the remainders were allocated to the district of Ulm.
In the second half of the 19th century Laupheim was home to the largest Jewish community in the Kingdom of Württemberg.
Laupheim is situated in the region of Upper Swabia approximately 20 km north of Biberach and 20 km south of Ulm on the Bundesstraße 30.
The original settlement of Laupheim was located close to the Rottum which still runs through the city but since 1950 the city has expanded and sprawls onto the surrounding slopes.
The elevation within the city confines ranges from 509 m (1670 ft) above sea level at the bottom of the valley to 539 m (1768 ft) in the outlying suburban areas.
Apart from the city of Laupheim itself, the following once autonomous villages nowadays belong administratively to Laupheim: Baustetten (population 2121), Obersulmetingen (population 1389), Untersulmetingen (population 2082) and Bihlafingen (population 853) which, with an elevation of 580 m (1903 ft), has the highest elevation of the administrative area.
Situated in the vicinity of two major trade routes between the Lake of Constance and Ulm and the Swabian Alb and the valley of the river Iller respectively, Laupheim developed into a major settlement.
During the 9th century, parts of Laupheim came into the possession of the monastery of Weißenburg which was afterwards passed on to successive minor Swabian aristocratic houses.
They were attested for the first time in 1110 with Landoldus de Lobhein and seemed to have been in service of the counts of Kirchberg.
The last known member of this family was Berchtolt von Laupheim who was a citizen of Ulm 1372, long after his family has lost possession of any rights in Laupheim around 1310.
After the collapse of the Empire of the Staufers during the 13th century, the castle and parish of Laupheim came into the possession of the Truchsessen von Waldburg who, in 1331, sold Laupheim together with their other possessions in Upper Swabia to the Austrian House of Habsburg.
The Habsburgs mortgaged Laupheim in 1334 to the barons von Ellerbach and enfeoffed this baronial family in 1407 with castle, town and patronage of the church.
The village was badly affected by the crisis of the mid 14th century, caused by the Black Death and other factors.
The population shrunk and as a consequence the hamlet of Ringelhausen, situated between Laupheim and Bronnen, was abandoned and eventually lost in the 15th century.
Only the name of a street and a development area in the city of Laupheim nowadays hints at the existence of this hamlet.
In 1430, Emperor Sigismund bestowed upon Burkhard von Ellerbach the right to hold regular markets, Laupheim thereby becoming a market town, and also the privilege of inflicting high justice, which gave him the right to hold a criminal court inflicting bodily punishment, including the death penalty.
During the course of the German Peasants' War 1525, Laupheim Castle was destroyed by the Baltringer Haufen, an army of peasants named after the nearby village of Baltringen, where approximately 12.000 farmers gathered to form an army.
After the agnatic line of the Ellerbach dynasty became extinct in 1570, Laupheim passed through Hans Pankraz von Freyberg to the Herren von Welden in 1582.
In 1596, the right to bear a coat of arms was given to Laupheim, showing the colours of green, white and red together with three leaves on a three hills, thereby incorporating the coat-of-arms of the family of Welden with the three leaves, referring to the name of the town on the hills of the valley of the river Rottum.
The last member of the House of Ellerbach, Anna von Freyberg, founded the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in 1601, the building of which still exists and now functions as a retirement home.
During the Thirty Years' War, Laupheim repeatedly fell victim to the ravages of war, mainly due to marauding troops, both imperial, that is Catholic, and Swedish, their Protestant opponents.
At the close of the Thirty Years' War, Laupheim had lost two-thirds of its pre-war population, so that ultimately towards the end of the 17th century, Laupheim had sunk to the status of an unimportant, impoverished village.
As a consequence of the Thirty Years' War, the feudal lords attempted to increase taxation and extend the amount of socage the peasants had to do for them.
In order to stimulate the local economy and income generated by taxation, Carl Damian von Welden allowed the first Jewish families to settle in Großlaupheim in the 1720s.
Between 1766 and 1769, the branch of the Welden dynasty that ruled Kleinlaupheim had their residence renewed in Baroque-style by architect Johann Georg Specht.
This makes Laupheim unique in that it has two castles within its city boundaries, as a result of once having been two independent states.
Following the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the mediatisation and secularisation of numerous secular and ecclesiastical principalities within the former Holy Roman Empire, both parts of Laupheim were annexed by the newly formed Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806.
Laupheim first became administratively part of the district of Wiblingen, but in 1845 the district administration was moved to Laupheim, creating the district of Laupheim.
During the same period, laws forcing Jews to live in separate quarters and excluding them from most business activities were revoked.
This enabled them to contribute enormously to the economic upturn Laupheim was experiencing, even though complete civil rights were not granted until 1864.
In 1850, a train station opened two kilometers west of Laupheim, on the railway line Ulm-Friedrichshafen from Ulm to Friedrichshafen, this station therefore being named as Laupheim-West.
During the steep economic growth of the Gründerzeit, the period between 1871 and 1914, Laupheim had the highest density of public houses in the whole Kingdom of Württemberg.
In 1904, the city was connected to the railway line Ulm-Friedrichshafen by a branch line, linking the railway artery with the city itself.
However, the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and the systematic deprivation and subsequent suppression of Jews in Germany, also had their effects on Laupheim, culminating in the destruction by fire of the synagogue during the so-called Kristallnacht 1938.
Due to the programme of aryanization, many businesses in Laupheim originally owned by Jews, were expropriated and transferred into German ownership.
In 1939, the remaining Jews in Laupheim were resettled within the city, only to be deported to concentration and extermination camps in 1941 and 1942.
From the 1980s onwards, these projects were followed by a new district hospital, a public in-doors swimming pool, a renovated stadium, named after Gretel Bergmann who was born in Laupheim, and an omnibus interchange.
As a consequence, companies from outside Laupheim established offices and production facilities there, as well as companies that formerly had been operating from the city centre.
Having developed from a rural market town into a city, predominated by industry, trade and the service industries, the demographics of Laupheim have changed as well.
After growing continuously from 1871 until 1933, from the Gründerzeit until the Nazis came to power, this development came to a halt.
The stagnation and eventual decrease in population was due to increasing persecution of the Jews, as a result of which many Jewish inhabitants left Laupheim or, after 1940, were deported and subsequently murdered.
This is due to the fact that a great number of refugees from formerly German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line were settled in Laupheim.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, an influx of ethnic Germans from the Commonwealth of Independent States added to the population growth.
Medium Transport Regiment 25 was disbanded on 31 December 2012 when personnel and material were transferred to the German Air Force and re-established as Helicopter Wing 64 on 1 January 2013.
Until the beginning of the 1990s the regiment had only seen service in other NATO countries, mainly while on manoeuvre or on aid-missions after natural disasters.
It is unique in Germany in that its collection concentrates on the documentation of the relationship between Christians and Jews on a local level, using Laupheim, which once had the largest Jewish community in the Kingdom of Württemberg, as an example.
However, in recent times the maintenance of the ground and the lakes was neglected due to a lack of council funding.
In its present state it was built between 1766 and 1769 as a place of residence for the ruler of Kleinlaupheim at the time, the Freiherr Joseph Ignaz von Welden-Kleinlaupheim (1721–1802).
The work of the club has been recognized by astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker, who named the asteroid 7167 Laupheim in honour of the institution.
It consists of processions and parades, performed by various groups, incorporating performances in historical costumes, concert bands and floats, referring to contemporary and historical events.
There is also a funfair, accompanied by several pole marquees, as well as much revelling in the bars, cafes and pubs of the city.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is a statutory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997.
The TRAI Act was amended by an ordinance, effective from 24 January 2000, establishing a Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) to take over the adjudicatory and disputes functions from TRAI.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established on 20 February 1997 by an Act of Parliament to regulate telecom services and tariffs in India.
TRAI's mission is to create and nurture conditions for the growth of telecommunications in India to enable the country to have a leading role in the emerging global information society.
One of its main objectives is to provide a fair and transparent environment that promotes a level playing field and facilitates fair competition in the market.
TRAI regularly issues orders and directions on various subjects such as tariffs, interconnections, quality of service, Direct To Home (DTH) services and mobile number portability.
However, there is a catch, per the rule, mobile users will get a compensation of Re 1 for every dropped call but it will be limited to a maximum three dropped calls in a day.
All proposals are processed by the secretary, who organises the agenda for Authority meetings (consulting with the Chairman), prepares the minutes and issues regulations in accordance to the meetings.
These include Mobile Network, Interconnection and FixeNetwork, BroadBand and Policy Analysis, Quality of Service, Broadcasting & Cable Services, Economic Regulation, Financial Analysis & IFA, Legal, Consumer Affairs & International Relation and Administration & Personnel.
On 6 June 2017, TRAI launched three new apps and a web portal to ensure that the Indian users are fully aware of the telecom services that are being offered to them.
Mycall app, MySpeed app and 'Do not disturb (DND 2.0)' apps are now going to educate and ensure that there is transparency between what consumers are paying for and what telecom operators are promising to provide at a certain rate.
If implemented, it may lead to set up of Public Data Offices (PDOs) where Wi-FI Internet would be available on demand.
TRAI relates the same with PCOs which were used to do the voice calls and were very popular hotspots before the mobile phones or home landlines became the ultimate mode of communication.
Allegedly, TRAI bent its rules multiple times to let Jio, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited, become a market leader in the span of a few years.
Whilst initially the definition of market power was based on total network activity, the parameters were changed to subscriber share and gross revenue.
It was first encountered when the crews of British ships visited the island between 1788 and 1790, and all contemporary accounts and illustrations were produced during this time.
Although historical confusion has existed about the provenance of the specimens and the classification and anatomy of the bird, it is now thought to have been a distinct species endemic to Lord Howe Island and most similar to the Australasian swamphen.
Although this has been interpreted as due to albinism, it may have been progressive greying in which feathers lose their pigment with age.
Ships first arrived on the island in 1788, including two which supplied the British penal colony on Norfolk Island and three transport ships of the British First Fleet.
Crews of the visiting ships captured native birds (including Lord Howe swamphens), and all contemporary descriptions and depictions of the species were made between 1788 and 1790.
Other accounts and illustrations were produced by Arthur Bowes Smyth, the fleet's naval officer and surgeon who drew the first known illustration of the species; Arthur Phillip, governor of New South Wales; and George Raper, midshipman of .
In 1790, the Lord Howe swamphen was scientifically described and named by the surgeon John White in a book about his time in New South Wales.
Although he apparently never visited Lord Howe Island, White may have questioned sailors and based some of his description on earlier accounts.
He said he had described a skin at the Leverian Museum, and his book included an illustration of the specimen by the artist Sarah Stone.
This skin, the holotype specimen of the species, was purchased by the Natural History Museum of Vienna in 1806 and is catalogued as specimen NMW 50.761.
Obtained by the naturalist Sir Joseph Banks, it later entered the collection of the traveller William Bullock and was purchased by Lord Stanley; Stanley's son donated it to Liverpool's public museums in 1850.
Although White said that the first specimen was obtained from Lord Howe Island, the provenance of the second has been unclear; it was originally said to have come from New Zealand, resulting in taxonomic confusion.
Phillip wrote that the bird could also be found on Norfolk Island and elsewhere, but Latham said it could be found only on Norfolk Island.
When the first specimen was sold by the Leverian Museum, it was listed as coming from New Holland (which Australia was called at the time)—perhaps because it was sent from Sydney.
A note by the naturalist Edgar Leopold Layard on a contemporary illustration of the bird by Captain John Hunter inaccurately stated that it only lived on Ball's Pyramid, an islet off Lord Howe Island.
The belief that the bird was simply an albino was held by several later writers, and many failed to notice that White cited Lord Howe Island as the origin of the Vienna specimen.
In 1873, the naturalist Osbert Salvin agreed that the Lord Howe bird was similar to the takahē, although he had apparently never seen the Vienna specimen, basing his conclusion on a drawing provided by von Pelzeln.
Salvin included a takahē-like illustration of the Vienna specimen by the artist John Gerrard Keulemans, based on von Pelzeln's drawing, in his article.
He believed that the Liverpool specimen was a juvenile from Lord Howe Island or New Zealand, and continued to believe that the Vienna specimen was from Norfolk Island.
In 1910, the ornithologist Tom Iredale demonstrated that there was no proof of the Lord Howe swamphen existing anywhere but on Lord Howe Island and noted that early visitors to Norfolk Island (such as Captain James Cook and Lieutenant Philip Gidley King) did not mention the bird.
Hindwood suggested that the population on Lord Howe Island was white; blue Australasian swamphens occasionally arrived (stragglers from elsewhere have been found on the island) and bred with the white birds, accounting for the blue and partially-blue individuals in the old accounts.
Mayr suggested that the blue swamphens remaining on Lord Howe Island were not stragglers, but had survived because they were less conspicuous than the white ones.
He suggested that the similarities between the wing feathers of the Lord Howe swamphen and the takahē were due to parallel evolution in two isolated populations of reluctant fliers.
The ornithologist Sidney Dillon Ripley found the Lord Howe swamphen to be intermediate between the takahē and the purple swamphen in 1977, based on patterns of the leg-scutes, and reported that X-rays of bones also showed similarities with the takahē.
Hutton agreed that the birds described as having white-and-blue feathers were hybrids between the Lord Howe swamphen and the Australasian swamphen, an idea also considered by the ornithologists Barry Taylor and Ber van Perlo in 2000.
In 2000, the writer Errol Fuller said that since swamphens are widespread colonists, it would be expected that populations would evolve similarly to the takahē when they found refuges without mammals (losing flight and becoming bulkier with stouter legs, for example); this was the case with the Lord Howe swamphen.
They suggested that the Lord Howe swamphen may have descended from a few migrant Philippine swamphens during the late Pleistocene (about 500.000 years ago), dispersing over other islands.
This indicates a complex history, since their lineages are not recorded on the islands between them; according to the biologists, such results (based on ancient DNA sources) should be treated with caution.
The ornithologists Hein van Grouw and Julian P. Hume concluded in 2016 that many of the old accounts had errors in the bird's provenance, that it was endemic to Lord Howe Island, and suggested when the specimens were collected (between March and May 1788) and under which circumstances they arrived in England.
They concluded that the Lord Howe swamphen was a valid species which changed colouration with age, after reconstructing the colouration of juvenile birds before turning white (which was distinct from other swamphens).
Van Grouw and Hume found the Lord Howe swamphen anatomically more similar to the Australasian swamphen than the Philippine swamphen, and suggested that studies with more-complete data sets than the earlier DNA might yield different results.
Due to their anatomical similarities, geographic proximity and the recolonisation of Lord Howe and Norfolk Island by Australasian swamphens, they found it likely that the Lord Howe swamphen was descended from Australasian swamphens.
The length of the Lord Howe swamphen has been given as 36 cm (14 in) and 55 cm (22 in), making it similar to the Australasian swamphen in size.
The wing of the Vienna specimen is mm long, the tail is , the culmen with its frontal shield (the fleshy plate on the head) is , the tarsus is , and the middle toe is long.
The Lord Howe swamphen differed from most other swamphens (except the Australasian swamphen) in having a short middle toe; it is the same length as the tarsus, or longer, in other species.
Both specimens have a claw (or spur) on their wings; it is longer and more discernible in the Vienna specimen, and sharp and buried in the feathers of the Liverpool specimen.
The softness of the rectrices (tail feathers) and the lengths of the secondary and wing covert feathers relative to the primary feathers appear to have been intermediate between those of the purple swamphen and the takahē.
Although the known skins are mostly white, contemporary illustrations depict some blue individuals; others had a mixture of white and blue feathers.
According to notes written on an illustration by an unknown artist (in the collection of the artist Thomas Watling, inaccurately dated 1792), the chicks were black and became bluish-grey and then white as they matured.
The Vienna specimen is pure white, but the Liverpool specimen has yellowish reflections on its neck and breast, blackish-blue feathers speckled on the head (concentrated near the upper surface of the shield) and neck, blue feathers on the breast, and purplish-blue feathers on the shoulders, back, scapular and lesser covert feathers.
Some of the retrice feathers are purplish-brown, and some of the scapular feathers and those on the mid-back are sooty-brown at the base and sooty-blue further up.
This colouration indicates that the Liverpool specimen was a younger bird than the Vienna specimen, and the latter had reached the final stage of maturity.
Since the Liverpool specimen preserves some of its original colour, van Grouw and Hume were able to reconstruct its natural colouration before becoming white.
It differed from other swamphens in having blackish-blue lores, forehead, crown, nape and hind neck, purple-blue mantle, back, and wings, a darker rump and upper-tail covert feathers, and dark greyish-blue underparts.
The Vienna specimen is today a study skin with its legs outstretched (not a taxidermy mount), but van Grouw and Hume suggested that Stone's 1790 illustration showed its original mounted pose.
It is in good condition; although the legs are faded to a pale orange-brown, they were probably reddish in the living bird.
Keuleman's illustration of the mount shows the present pose, so Forbes was either incorrect or a new pose was based on Keuleman's image.
The bill is broken, and its rhamphotheca (the keratinous covering of the bill) is missing; the underlying bone was painted red to simulate an undamaged bill, which has caused some confusion.
The reason only white specimens are known today may be collecting bias; unusually-coloured specimens are more likely to be collected than normally-coloured ones.
Van Grouw and Hume found that both specimens showed evidence of an increased terrestrial lifestyle (including decreased wing length, more robust feet and short toes), and were in the process of becoming flightless.
Although it may still have been capable of flight, it was behaviourally flightless, similar to other island birds, such as some parrots.
Though the Lord Howe swamphen was similar in size to the Australasian swamphen, it had proportionally shorter wings and therefore a higher wing load – perhaps the highest of all swamphens.
Van Grouw and Hume pointed out that a white colour aberration in birds is rarely caused by albinism (which is less common than formerly believed), but by leucism or progressive greying – a phenomenon van Grouw described in 2012 and 2013.
Leucism is inherited, and the white feathering is present in juveniles and does not change with age; progressive greying causes normally-coloured juveniles to lose pigment-producing cells with age, and they become white as they moult.
Since contemporary accounts indicate that the Lord Howe swamphen turned from black to bluish-grey and then white, Van Grouw and Hume concluded that it underwent inheritable progressive greying.
Progressive greying is a common cause of white feathers in many types of birds (including rails), although such specimens have sometimes been inaccurately referred to as albinos.
The condition does not affect carotenoid pigments (red and yellow), and the bill and legs of the Lord Howe swamphens retained their colouration.
The large number of white Lord Howe swamphens may be due to its small founding population, which would have facilitated the spread of inheritable progressive greying.
Although the Lord Howe swamphen was considered common during the late 18th century, it appears to have disappeared quickly; the period from the island's discovery to the last mention of living birds is only two years (1788–90).
Several contemporary accounts stress the ease with which the island's birds were hunted, and the large number which could be taken to provision ships.
The fact that they could be killed with sticks may have been due to their poor flying ability, which would have made them vulnerable to human predation.
The physician John Foulis, who conducted a mid-1840s ornithological survey on the island, did not mention the bird, so it must have been extinct by that time.
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits.
The cipher was designed to be suitable for both software and hardware implementations, from low-cost smart cards to high-speed network systems.
It is part of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network such as the Internet.
Camellia is a Feistel cipher with either 18 rounds (when using 128-bit keys) or 24 rounds (when using 192- or 256-bit keys).
Even using the smaller key size option (128 bits), it's considered infeasible to break it by brute-force attack on the keys with current technology.
Theoretically, such properties might make it possible to break Camellia (and AES) using an algebraic attack, such as extended sparse linearisation, in the future, provided that the attack becomes feasible.
Pale Moon, a fork of Mozilla/Firefox, continues to offer Camellia and had extended its support to include Galois/Counter mode (GCM) suites with the cipher, but has removed the GCM modes again with release 27.2.0, citing the apparent lack of interest in them.
On March 26, 2013, Camellia was announced as having been selected again for adoption in Japan's new e-Government Recommended Ciphers List as the only 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm developed in Japan.
The selection was based on Camellia's high reputation for ease of procurement, and security and performance features comparable to those of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
As a result, it is possible to accelerate Camellia software implementations using CPU instruction sets designed for AES, such as x86 AES-NI.
Historians typically regard the Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages, as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century.
As such the concept overlaps with Late Antiquity, following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and precedes the High Middle Ages ( 11th to 13th centuries).
The period saw a continuation of trends evident since late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, a small rise in global warming and increased migration.
However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, though in the 7th century the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate conquered swathes of formerly Roman territory.
Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system, which adopted such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plough.
Estimates of the population of the Roman Empire during the period from 150 to 400 suggest a fall from 65 million to 50 million, a decline of more than 20 percent.
Early in the 3rd century Germanic peoples migrated south from Scandinavia and reached the Black Sea, creating formidable confederations which opposed the local Sarmatians.
In Dacia (present-day Romania) and on the steppes north of the Black Sea the Goths, a Germanic people, established at least two kingdoms: Therving and Greuthung.
The Romans preferred infantry to cavalry because infantry could be trained to retain the formation in combat, while cavalry tended to scatter when faced with opposition.
While a barbarian army could be raised and inspired by the promise of plunder, the legions required a central government and taxation to pay for salaries, constant training, equipment, and food.
The decline in agricultural and economic activity reduced the empire's taxable income and thus its ability to maintain a professional army to defend itself from external threats.
By this time, the distinction in the Roman army between Roman regulars and barbarian auxiliaries had broken down, and the Roman army comprised mainly barbarians and soldiers recruited for a single campaign.
Not wanting to share the glory, Eastern Emperor Valens ordered an attack on the Therving infantry under Fritigern without waiting for Western Emperor Gratian, who was on the way with reinforcements.
This represented the most shattering defeat that the Romans had suffered since the Battle of Cannae (216 BC), according to the Roman military writer Ammianus Marcellinus.
The core army of the Eastern Roman Empire was destroyed, Valens was killed, and the Goths were freed to lay waste to the Balkans, including the armories along the Danube.
The empire lacked the resources, and perhaps the will, to reconstruct the professional mobile army destroyed at Adrianople, so it had to rely on barbarian armies to fight for it.
Stilicho, the western empire's half-Vandal military commander, stripped the Rhine frontier of troops to fend off invasions of Italy by the Visigoths in 402–03 and by other Goths in 406–07.
Fleeing before the advance of the Huns, the Vandals, Suebi, and Alans launched an attack across the frozen Rhine near Mainz; on 31 December, 406, the frontier gave way and these tribes surged into Roman Gaul.
In 410, the Visigoths led by Alaric I captured the city of Rome and for three days fire and slaughter ensued as bodies filled the streets, palaces were stripped of their valuables, and the invaders interrogated and tortured those citizens thought to have hidden wealth.
As newly converted Christians, the Goths respected church property, but those who found sanctuary in the Vatican and in other churches were the fortunate few.
The Goths and Vandals were only the first of many bands of peoples that flooded Western Europe in the absence of administrative governance.
His basic premise was the uniqueness of God, who is alone self-existent and immutable; the Son, who as son is not self-existent, cannot be God.
Whereas the peoples of France, Italy, and Spain continued to speak the dialects of Latin that today constitute the Romance languages, the language of the smaller Roman-era population of what is now England disappeared with barely a trace in the territories settled by the Anglo-Saxons, although the Brittanic kingdoms of the west remained Brythonic speakers.
As this was lost, it was replaced by the rule of local potentates, sometimes members of the established Romanized ruling elite, sometimes new lords of alien culture.
In Aquitania, Gallia Narbonensis, southern Italy and Sicily, Baetica or southern Spain, and the Iberian Mediterranean coast, Roman culture lasted until the 6th or 7th centuries.
This breakdown was often fast and dramatic as it became unsafe to travel or carry goods over any distance; there was a consequent collapse in trade and manufacture for export.
Tintagel in Cornwall, as well as several other centres, managed to obtain supplies of Mediterranean luxury goods well into the 6th century, but then lost their trading links.
The careers of Cassiodorus (died c. 585) at the beginning of this period and of Alcuin of York (died 804) at its close were founded alike on their valued literacy.
For the formerly Roman area, there was another 20 per cent decline in population between 400 and 600, or a one-third decline for 150-600.
The very small number of shipwrecks found that dated from the 8th century supports this (which represents less than 2 per cent of the number of shipwrecks dated from the 1st century).
The Romans had practiced two-field agriculture, with a crop grown in one field and the other left fallow and ploughed under to eliminate weeds.
It is estimated that the Plague of Justinian which began in 541 and recurred periodically for 150 years thereafter killed as many as 100 million people across the world.
Some historians such as Josiah C. Russell (1958) have suggested a total European population loss of 50 to 60 per cent between 541 and 700.
After the year 750, major epidemic diseases did not appear again in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century.
The disease Smallpox, which was eradicated in the late 20th century, did not definitively enter Western Europe until about 581 when Bishop Gregory of Tours provided an eyewitness account that describes the characteristic findings of smallpox.
Around 100 CE, it had a population of about 450,000, and declined to a mere 20,000 during the Early Middle Ages, reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation.
The Western Roman Empire disintegrated into a mosaic of warring Germanic kingdoms in the 5th century, making the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople the legal successor to the classical Roman Empire.
The Eastern Roman Empire aimed to retain control of the trade routes between Europe and the Orient, which made the Empire the richest polity in Europe.
Not only did Justinian restore some western territories to the Roman Empire, but he also codified Roman law (with his codification remaining in force in many areas of Europe until the 19th century) and built the largest and the most technically advanced edifice of the Early Middle Ages, the Hagia Sophia.
A bubonic plague pandemic, the Plague of Justinian, marred Justinian's reign, however, infecting the Emperor, killing perhaps 40% of the population of Constantinople.
Yet Heraclius lived to see his spectacular success undone by the Muslim conquests of Syria, three Palaestina provinces, Egypt, and North Africa which was considerably facilitated by religious disunity and the proliferation of heretical movements (notably Monophysitism and Nestorianism) in the areas converted to Islam.
Although Heraclius's successors managed to salvage Constantinople from two Arab sieges (in 674–77 and 717), the empire of the 8th and early 9th century was rocked by the great Iconoclastic Controversy, punctuated by dynastic struggles between various factions at court.
After the decisive victory at Ongala in 680 the armies of the Bulgars and Slavs advanced to the south of the Balkan mountains, defeating again the Byzantines who were then forced to sign a humiliating peace treaty which acknowledged the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire on the borders of the Empire.
A theme, which formerly denoted a subdivision of the Byzantine army, came to refer to a region governed by a strategos.
The reform led to the emergence of great landed families which controlled the regional military and often pressed their claims to the throne (see Bardas Phocas and Bardas Sklerus for characteristic examples).
By the early 8th century, notwithstanding the shrinking territory of the empire, Constantinople remained the largest and the wealthiest city west of China, comparable only to Sassanid Ctesiphon, and later Abassid Baghdad.
The ascension of the Macedonian dynasty in 867 marked the end of the period of political and religious turmoil and introduced a new golden age of the empire.
While the talented generals such as Nicephorus Phocas expanded the frontiers, the Macedonian emperors (such as Leo the Wise and Constantine VII) presided over the cultural flowering in Constantinople, known as the Macedonian Renaissance.
The enlightened Macedonian rulers scorned the rulers of Western Europe as illiterate barbarians and maintained a nominal claim to rule over the West.
Although this fiction had been exploded with the coronation of Charlemagne in Rome (800), the Byzantine rulers did not treat their Western counterparts as equals.
Against this economic background the culture and the imperial traditions of the Eastern Roman Empire attracted its northern neighbours—Slavs, Bulgars, and Khazars—to Constantinople, in search of either pillage or enlightenment.
The movement of the Germanic tribes to the south triggered the great migration of the Slavs, who occupied the vacated territories.
By the 9th century, the Slavs had expanded into sparsely inhabited territories to the south and east from these natural frontiers, peacefully assimilating the indigenous Illyrian and Finno-Ugric populations.
Muslim Arabs first invaded historically Roman territory under Abū Bakr, first Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, who entered Roman Syria and Roman Mesopotamia.
The Byzantines and neighbouring Persian Sasanids had been severely weakened by a long succession of Byzantine–Sasanian wars, especially the climactic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.
Under Umar, the second Caliph, the Muslims decisively conquered Syria and Mesopotamia, as well as Roman Palestine, Roman Egypt, parts of Asia Minor and Roman North Africa, while they entirely toppled the Sasanids.
In the mid 7th century AD, following the Muslim conquest of Persia, Islam penetrated into the Caucasus region, of which parts would later permanently become part of Russia.
This expansion of Islam continued under Umar's successors and then the Umayyad Caliphate, which conquered the rest of Mediterranean North Africa and most of the Iberian Peninsula.
Over the next centuries Muslim forces were able to take further European territory, including Cyprus, Malta, Septimania, Crete, and Sicily and parts of southern Italy.
The Muslim conquest of Hispania began when the Moors (mostly Berbers and some Arabs) invaded the Christian Visigothic kingdom of Iberia in the year 711, under their Berber leader Tariq ibn Ziyad.
During the eight-year campaign most of the Iberian Peninsula was brought under Muslim rule—except for small areas in the north-northwest (Asturias) and largely Basque regions in the Pyrenees.
A surviving Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, escaped to Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty in the Emirate of Cordoba in 756.
Charles Martel's son Pippin the Short retook Narbonne, and his grandson Charlemagne established the Marca Hispanica across the Pyrenees in part of what today is Catalonia, reconquering Girona in 785 and Barcelona in 801.
Impossible to guess at the time, but by the end of the century, the Lombardic kingdom would be extinct, while the Frankish kingdom would have nearly reassembled the Western Roman Empire.
Though much of Roman civilization north of the Po River had been wiped out in the years after the end of the Western Roman Empire, between the 5th and 8th centuries, new political and social infrastructure began to develop.
Arian Christian missionaries had been spreading Arian Christianity throughout northern Europe, though by 700 the religion of northern Europeans was largely a mix of Germanic paganism, Christianized paganism, and Arian Christianity.
Through the practice of simony, local princes typically auctioned off ecclesiastical offices, causing priests and bishops to function as though they were yet another noble under the patronage of the prince.
Being independent from local princes, they increasingly stood out as centres of learning, of scholarship, and as religious centres where individuals could receive spiritual or monetary assistance.
The interaction between the culture of the newcomers, their warband loyalties, the remnants of classical culture, and Christian influences, produced a new model for society, based in part on feudal obligations.
The centralized administrative systems of the Romans did not withstand the changes, and the institutional support for chattel slavery largely disappeared.
The Anglo-Saxons in England had also started to convert from Anglo-Saxon polytheism after the arrival of Christian missionaries around the year 600.
The Lombards, who first entered Italy in 568 under Alboin, carved out a state in the north, with its capital at Pavia.
It was highly decentralized at first, with the territorial dukes having practical sovereignty in their duchies, especially in the southern duchies of Spoleto and Benevento.
For a decade following the death of Cleph in 575, the Lombards did not even elect a king; this period is called the Rule of the Dukes.
The Lombard state was well-organized and stabilized by the end of the long reign of Liutprand (717–744), but its collapse was sudden.
Various states owing various nominal allegiances fought constantly over territory until events came to a head in the early 11th century with the coming of the Normans, who conquered the whole of the south by the end of the century.
A series of settlements (traditionally referred to as an invasion) by Germanic peoples began in the early fifth century, and by the sixth century the island would consist of many small kingdoms engaged in ongoing warfare with each other.
Christianity began to take hold among the Anglo-Saxons in the sixth century, with 597 given as the traditional date for its large-scale adoption.
The Irish descended and Irish-influenced people of western Scotland were Christian from the fifth century onward, the Picts adopted Christianity in the sixth century under the influence of Columba, and the Welsh had been Christian since the Roman era.
Northumbria was the pre-eminent power c. 600–700, absorbing several weaker Anglo-Saxon and Brythonic kingdoms, while Mercia held a similar status c. 700–800.
In Wales consolidation of power would not begin until the ninth century under the descendants of Merfyn Frych of Gwynedd, establishing a hierarchy that would last until the Norman invasion of Wales in 1081.
In 865 a large, well-organized Danish Viking army (called the Great Heathen Army) attempted a conquest, breaking or diminishing Anglo-Saxon power everywhere but in Wessex.
Under the leadership of Alfred the Great and his descendants, Wessex would at first survive, then coexist with, and eventually conquer the Danes.
It would then establish the Kingdom of England and rule until the establishment of an Anglo-Danish kingdom under Cnut, and then again until the Norman Invasion of 1066.
Their defeat of the Picts in 839 led to a lasting Norse heritage in northernmost Scotland, and it led to the combination of the Picts and Gaels under the House of Alpin, which became the Kingdom of Alba, the predecessor of the Kingdom of Scotland.
The Merovingians established themselves in the power vacuum of the former Roman provinces in Gaul, and Clovis I converted to Christianity following his victory over the Alemanni at the Battle of Tolbiac (496), laying the foundation of the Frankish Empire, the dominant state of early medieval Western Christendom.
Due to salic custom, inheritance rights were absolute, and all land was divided equally among the sons of a dead land holder.
This meant that, when the king granted a prince land in reward for service, that prince and all of his descendants had an irrevocable right to that land that no future king could undo.
Likewise, those princes (and their sons) could sublet their land to their own vassals, who could in turn sublet the land to lower sub-vassals.
This all had the effect of weakening the power of the king as his kingdom grew, since the result was that the land became controlled not just by more princes and vassals, but by multiple layers of vassals.
This also allowed his nobles to attempt to build their own power base, though given the strict salic tradition of hereditary kingship, few would ever consider overthrowing the king.
This increasingly absurd arrangement was highlighted by Charles Martel, who as Mayor of the Palace was effectively the strongest prince in the kingdom.
His accomplishments were highlighted, not just by his famous defeat of invading Muslims at the Battle of Tours, which is typically considered the battle that saved Europe from Muslim conquest, but by the fact that he greatly expanded Frankish influence.
It was under his patronage that Saint Boniface expanded Frankish influence into Germany by rebuilding the German church, with the result that, within a century, the German church was the strongest church in western Europe.
Given how strongly Frankish culture held to its principle of inheritance, few would support him if he attempted to overthrow the king.
Instead, he sought the assistance of Pope Zachary, who was himself newly vulnerable due to fallout with the Byzantine Emperor over the Iconoclastic Controversy.
Pepin agreed to support the pope and to give him land (the Donation of Pepin, which created the Papal States) in exchange for being consecrated as the new Frankish king.
Given that Pepin's claim to the kingship was now based on an authority higher than Frankish custom, no resistance was offered to Pepin.
Rather than an orderly succession, his empire was divided in accordance with Frankish inheritance custom, which resulted in instability that plagued his empire until the last king of a united empire, Charles the Fat, died in 887, which resulted in a permanent split of the empire into West Francia and East Francia.
West Francia would be ruled by Carolingians until 987 and East Francia until 911, after which time the partition of the empire into France and Germany was complete.
The three-field system of crop rotation was first developed in the 9th century: wheat or rye was planted in one field, the second field had a nitrogen-fixing crop, and the third was fallow.
Even more important, the system allowed for two harvests a year, reducing the risk that a single crop failure will lead to famine.
This surplus allowed for the replacement of the ox by the horse after the introduction of the padded horse collar in the 12th century.
Because the system required a major rearrangement of real estate and of the social order, it took until the 11th century before it came into general use.
Illuminated manuscripts depict two-wheeled ploughs with both a mouldboard, or curved metal ploughshare, and a coulter, a vertical blade in front of the ploughshare.
The Romans had used light, wheel-less ploughs with flat iron shares that often proved unequal to the heavy soils of northern Europe.
The Viking Age spans the period roughly between the late 8th and mid-11th centuries in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Vendel Age in Sweden).
During this period, the Vikings, Scandinavian warriors and traders raided and explored most parts of Europe, south-western Asia, northern Africa, and north-eastern North America.
With the means to travel (longships and open water), desire for goods led Scandinavian traders to explore and develop extensive trading partnerships in new territories.
Some of the most important trading ports during the period include both existing and ancient cities such as Aarhus, Ribe, Hedeby, Vineta, Truso, Kaupang, Birka, Bordeaux, York, Dublin, and Aldeigjuborg.
Apart from exploring Europe via its oceans and rivers, with the aid of their advanced navigational skills, they extended their trading routes across vast parts of the continent.
They also engaged in warfare, looting and enslaving numerous Christian communities of Medieval Europe for centuries, contributing to the development of feudal systems in Europe.
Influence from the Byzantine Empire impacted the Christianization and hence almost every aspect of the cultural and political development of the East from the preeminence of Caesaropapism and Eastern Christianity to the spread of the Cyrillic alphabet.
The turmoil of the so-called Barbarian invasions in the beginning of the period gradually gave way to more stabilized societies and states as the origins of contemporary Eastern Europe began to take shape during the High Middle Ages.
Turkic and Iranian invaders from Central Asia pressured the agricultural populations both in the Byzantine Balkans and in Central Europe creating a number of successor states in the Pontic steppes.
After the dissolution of the Hunnic Empire, the Western Turkic and Avar Khaganates dominated territories from Pannonia to the Caspian Sea before replaced by the short lived Old Great Bulgaria and the more successful Khazar Khaganate north of the Black Sea and the Magyars in Central Europe.
The Khazars were a nomadic Turkic people who managed to develop a multiethnic commercial state which owed its success to the control of much of the waterway trade between Europe and Central Asia.
Through a network of Jewish itinerant merchants, or Radhanites, they were in contact with the trade emporia of India and Spain.
Despite initial setbacks, they managed to recover Derbent and eventually penetrated as far south as Caucasian Iberia, Caucasian Albania and Armenia.
In doing so, they effectively blocked the northward expansion of Islam into Eastern Europe even before khan Tervel achieved the same at the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople and several decades before the Battle of Tours in Western Europe.
Islam eventually penetrated into Eastern Europe in the 920s when Volga Bulgaria exploited the decline of Khazar power in the region to adopt Islam from the Baghdad missionaries.
The state religion of Khazaria, Judaism, disappeared as a political force with the fall of Khazaria, while Islam of Volga Bulgaria has survived in the region up to the present.
The first attested Slavic polities were Serbia and Great Moravia, the latter of which emerged under the aegis of the Frankish Empire in the early 9th century.
Although West Slavs, Croats and Slovenes eventually acknowledged Roman ecclesiastical authority, the clergy of Constantinople succeeded in converting to Eastern Christianity two of the largest states of early medieval Europe, Bulgaria around 864, and Kievan Rus' circa 990.
The Khazars managed to oust the Bulgars from Southern Ukraine into lands along middle Volga (Volga Bulgaria) and along lower Danube (Danube Bulgaria).
In 681 the Bulgars founded a powerful and ethnically diverse state that played a defining role in the history of early medieval Southeastern Europe.
Bulgaria withstood the pressure from Pontic steppe tribes like the Pechenegs, Khazars, and Cumans, and in 806 destroyed the Avar Khanate.
Through the efforts of missionaries Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, the Bulgarian Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets were developed in the capital Preslav and a vernacular dialect, now known as Old Bulgarian or Old Church Slavonic, was established as the language of books and liturgy among Orthodox Christian Slavs.
The Cyrillic script was developed by Bulgarian scholar Clement of Ohrid in 885-886 and was afterwards introduced to Serbia and Kievan Rus'.
Literature, art, and architecture were thriving with the establishment of the Preslav and Ohrid Literary Schools along with the distinct Preslav Ceramics School.
In 927 the Bulgarian Orthodox Church was the first European national Church to gain independence with its own Patriarch while conducting services in the vernacular Old Church Slavonic.
Under Simeon I (893–927), the state was the largest and one of the most powerful political entities of Europe, and it consistently threatened the existence of the Byzantine empire.
Led by a Varangian dynasty, the Kievan Rus' controlled the routes connecting Northern Europe to Byzantium and to the Orient (for example: the Volga trade route).
The Kievan state began with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod southwards along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev.
Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazar Empire and inflicting a serious blow on Bulgaria.
A Rus' attack (967 or 968), instigated by the Byzantines, led to the collapse of the Bulgarian state and the occupation of the east of the country by the Rus'.
Both before and after their conversion to Christianity (conventionally dated 988 under Vladimir I of Kiev—known as Vladimir the Great), the Rus' also embarked on predatory military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, some of which resulted in trade treaties.
The importance of Russo-Byzantine relations to Constantinople was highlighted by the fact that Vladimir I of Kiev, son of Svyatoslav I, became the only foreigner to marry (989) a Byzantine princess of the Macedonian dynasty (which ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from 867 to 1056), a singular honour sought in vain by many other rulers.
With the end of the Western Roman Empire and with urban centres in decline, literacy and learning decreased in the West.
Much learning under the Roman Empire was in Greek, and with the re-emergence of the wall between east and west, little eastern learning continued in the west.
Due to the demographic displacement that accompanied the end of the western Roman Empire, by this point most western Europeans were descendants of non-literate barbarians rather than literate Romans.
In the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium), learning (in the sense of formal education involving literature) was maintained at a higher level than in the West.
De-urbanization reduced the scope of education, and by the 6th century teaching and learning moved to monastic and cathedral schools, with the study of biblical texts at the centre of education.
Education of the laity continued with little interruption in Italy, Spain, and the southern part of Gaul, where Roman influences were more long-lasting.
In the 7th century, however, learning expanded in Ireland and the Celtic lands, where Latin was a foreign language and Latin texts were eagerly studied and taught.
As the knowledge of Greek declined, the Latin West found itself cut off from some of its Greek philosophical and scientific roots.
For a time, Latin-speakers who wanted to learn about science had access to only a couple of books by Boethius (c. 470–524) that summarized Greek handbooks by Nicomachus of Gerasa.
From 787 on, decrees began to circulate recommending the restoration of old schools and the founding of new ones across the empire.
The teaching of dialectic (a discipline that corresponds to today's logic) was responsible for the increase in the interest in speculative inquiry; from this interest would follow the rise of the Scholastic tradition of Christian philosophy.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, many of those schools founded under the auspices of Charlemagne, especially cathedral schools, would become universities.
The modern Hindu-Arabic numeral system, including a notation for zero, were developed by Hindu mathematicians in the 5th and 6th centuries.
Muslim mathematicians learned of it in the 7th century and added a notation for decimal fractions in the 9th and 10th centuries.
A treatise by Al-Khwārizmī on how to perform calculations with these numerals was translated into Latin in Spain in the 12th century.
In the earliest monasteries, there were no special rooms set aside as a library, but from the sixth century onwards libraries became an essential aspect of monastic life in the Western Europe.
In the tenth century, the largest collection in the Byzantine world was found in the monasteries of Mount Athos (modern-day Greece), which accumulated over 10,000 books.
Travelling monks were often given funds to buy books, and certain monasteries which held a reputation for intellectual activities welcomed travelling monks who came to copy manuscripts for their own libraries.
One of these was the monastery of Bobbio in Italy, which was founded by the Irish abbot St. Columbanus in 614, and by the ninth century boasted a catalogue of 666 manuscripts, including religious works, classical texts, histories and mathematical treatises.
From the early Christians, early medieval Christians inherited a church united by major creeds, a stable Biblical canon, and a well-developed philosophical tradition.
The history of medieval Christianity traces Christianity during the Middle Ages—the period after the fall of the Roman Empire until the Protestant Reformation.
The institutional structure of Christianity in the west during this period is different from what it would become later in the Middle Ages.
The practice of simony has caused the ecclesiastical offices to become the property of local princes, and as such the monasteries constituted the only church institution independent of the local princes.
Individualized religious practice was uncommon, as it typically required membership in a religious order, such as the Order of Saint Benedict.
By the end of this period, individual practice of religion was becoming more common, as monasteries started to transform into something approximating modern churches, where some monks might even give occasional sermons.
During the early Middle Ages, the divide between Eastern and Western Christianity widened, paving the way for the East-West Schism in the 11th century.
Pope Gregory the Great used his office as a temporal power, expanded Rome's missionary efforts to the British Isles, and laid the foundations for the expansion of monastic orders.
They were entirely pagan, having never been part of the Empire, though they experienced Christian influence from the surrounding peoples, such as those who were converted by the mission of St. Augustine of Canterbury, sent by Pope Gregory the Great.
The Catholic Church, the only centralized institution to survive the fall of the Western Roman Empire intact, was the sole unifying cultural influence in the West, preserving Latin learning, maintaining the art of writing, and preserving a centralized administration through its network of bishops ordained in succession.
The Early Middle Ages are characterized by the urban control of bishops and the territorial control exercised by dukes and counts.
The Christianization of Germanic tribes began in the 4th century with the Goths and continued throughout the Early Middle Ages, led in the 6th to 7th centuries by the Hiberno-Scottish mission and replaced in the 8th to 9th centuries by the Anglo-Saxon mission, with Anglo-Saxons like Alcuin playing an important role in the Carolingian renaissance.
By 1000, even Iceland had become Christian, leaving only more remote parts of Europe (Scandinavia, the Baltic, and Finno-Ugric lands) to be Christianized during the High Middle Ages.
Listless and often ill, Carolingian Emperor Charles the Fat provoked an uprising, led by his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia, which resulted in the division of the empire in 887 into the kingdoms of France, Germany, and (northern) Italy.
Taking advantage of the weakness of the German government, the Magyars had established themselves in the Alföld, or Hungarian grasslands, and began raiding across Germany, Italy, and even France.
The German nobles elected Henry the Fowler, duke of Saxony, as their king at a Reichstag, or national assembly, in Fritzlar in 919.
Henry's power was only marginally greater than that of the other leaders of the stem duchies, which were the feudal expression of the former German tribes.
Henry's son King Otto I (r. 936–973) was able to defeat a revolt of the dukes supported by French King Louis IV (939).
In 951, Otto marched into Italy and married the widowed Queen Adelaide, named himself king of the Lombards, and received homage from Berengar of Ivrea, king of Italy (r. 950-52).
Otto named his relatives the new leaders of the stem duchies, but this approach did not completely solve the problem of disloyalty.
At Lechfeld, near Augsburg in Bavaria, Otto caught up with the Magyars while they were enjoying a razzia and achieved a signal victory in 955.
John was able to reverse the deposition after Otto left, but he died in the arms of his mistress soon afterwards.
He raised the papacy out of the muck of Rome's local gangster politics, assured that the position was competently filled, and gave it a dignity that allowed it to assume leadership of an international church.
Western Europe remained less developed compared to the Islamic world, with its vast network of caravan trade, or China, at this time the world's most populous empire under the Song Dynasty.
The Vikings had a trade network in northern Europe, including a route connecting the Baltic to Constantinople through Russia, as did the Radhanites.
The long-suffering English later responded with a massacre of Danish settlers in 1002, leading to a round of reprisals and finally to Danish rule (1013), though England regained independence shortly after.
The territories of Scandinavia were soon to be fully Christianized Kingdoms: Denmark in the 10th century, Norway in the 11th, and Sweden, the country with the least raiding activity, in the 12th.
By 1000, Bruges and Ghent held regular trade fairs behind castle walls, a tentative return of economic life to western Europe.
In the culture of Europe, several features surfaced soon after 1000 that mark the end of the Early Middle Ages: the rise of the medieval communes, the reawakening of city life, and the appearance of the burgher class, the founding of the first universities, the rediscovery of Roman law, and the beginnings of vernacular literature.
But later church reforms enhanced its independence and prestige: the Cluniac movement, the building of the first great Transalpine stone cathedrals and the collation of the mass of accumulated decretals into a formulated canon law.
The rise of Islam begins around the time Muhammad and his followers took flight, the Hijra, to the city of Medina.
From 622 to 632, Muhammad as the leader of a Muslim community in Medina was engaged in a state of war with the Meccans.
Umar defeated the rebellion of several Arab tribes in a successful campaign, unifying the entire Arabian peninsula and giving it stability.
Under Uthman's leadership, the empire, through the Muslim conquest of Persia, expanded into Fars in 650, some areas of Khorasan in 651, and the conquest of Armenia was begun in the 640s.
In this time, the Islamic empire extended over the whole Sassanid Persian Empire and to more than two-thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire.
After the recorded peace treaty with Hassan ibn Ali and the suppression of early Kharijites' disturbances, Muawiyah I acceded to the position of Caliph.
Before the Muslim invasion of Egypt began, the Eastern Roman Empire had already lost the Levant and its Arab ally, the Ghassanid Kingdom, to the Muslims.
The Transoxiana region was conquered by Qutayba ibn Muslim between 706 and 715 and loosely held by the Umayyads from 715 to 738.
The Moors, under Al-Samh ibn Malik, swept up the Iberian peninsula and by 719 overran Septimania; the area would fall under their full control in 720.
The final Islamic dominion eroded the areas of the Iron Age Roman Empire in the Middle East and controlled strategic areas of the Mediterranean.
Under the Abbasids, the Islamic Golden Age philosophers, scientists, and engineers of the Islamic world contributed enormously to technology, both by preserving earlier traditions and by adding their own inventions and innovations.
As a result, Islamic civilization grew and expanded on the basis of its merchant economy, in contrast to their Christian, Indian, and Chinese peers who built societies from an agricultural landholding nobility.
The Abbasids flourished for two centuries but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army they had created, the Mamluks.
Within 150 years of gaining control of Persia, the caliphs were forced to cede power to local dynastic emirs who only nominally acknowledged their authority.
Dewey first became interested in cycles while Chief Economic Analyst of the Department of Commerce in 1930 or 1931 because President Hoover wanted to know the cause of the Great Depression.
Dewey reported that each economist to whom he spoke gave him a different answer and he lost faith in the current economic methods.
Under the guidance of Dewey and the conference leader, Copley Amory, the conference’s Permanent Committee was reorganized into the Foundation for the Study of Cycles in 1941, and its scope was enlarged to encompass all disciplines.
The foundation was set up with a board that included distinguished scientists and industrialists to act as a central clearing house of cycles studies from diverse areas.
The Foundation made studies of natural and social sciences as well as business and economics, and new methods were devised for isolating significant cycles present in time series.
As a result of his research, Dewey asserted that seemingly unrelated time series often had similar cycles periods present and that when they did the phase of these cycles was mostly very similar (cycle synchrony).
He also said that there were many cycles with periods that were related by powers or products of 2 and 3.
To construct this table starting from the period 17.75 years, multiply by three as you proceed along diagonals from lower left to upper right, and multiply by two as you proceed along diagonals from lower right to upper left.
Volume IV of the Cycles Classic Library Collection contains 1380 reports of cycles period determinations by scientists, doctors, economists and cycles researchers.
These common periods include the underlined periods above and some other periods such as 9.6 years, found in the 9.6 year cycle of lynx abundance and 3.39 years (40.68 months), found in the US stock market, which Dewey says is the most commonly found period.
[...] Its closest analogue is the modern high-power advertisement—here of book length and designed to sell an esoteric and supposedly scientific product.
Like most modern advertising, the book seeks to sell its product by making exaggerated claims for it [...], showing it in association with other valued objects which really don't have anything to do with it [...], keeping discreetly silent about its defeats or mentioning them in only the vaguest form [...], and citing authorities who think highly of the product.
The Foundation for the Study of Cycles (FSC) is an international non-profit research organization for the study of cycles of events.
It was incorporated in the State of Connecticut by Edward R. Dewey in 1941 and is now a not-for-profit entity based in Delaware.
In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number (symbolized n) is one of four quantum numbers assigned to all electrons in an atom to describe that electron's state.
The principal quantum number was first created for use in the semiclassical Bohr model of the atom, distinguishing between different energy levels.
With the development of modern quantum mechanics, the simple Bohr model was replaced with a more complex theory of atomic orbitals.
Two electrons belonging to the same atom cannot have the same values for all four quantum numbers, due to the Pauli exclusion principle.
This formula is not correct in quantum mechanics as the angular momentum magnitude is described by the azimuthal quantum number, but the energy levels are accurate and classically they correspond to the sum of potential and kinetic energy of the electron.
This discrete energy spectrum resulted from the solution of the quantum mechanical problem on the electron motion in the Coulomb field, coincides with the spectrum that was obtained with the help application of the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization rules to the classical equations.
Arachnoid granulations (also arachnoid villi, and pacchionian granulations or bodies) are small protrusions of the arachnoid mater (the thin second layer covering the brain) into the outer membrane of the dura mater (the thick outer layer).
They protrude into the dural venous sinuses of the brain, and allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exit the subarachnoid space and enter the blood stream.
The largest granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus, a large venous space running from front to back along the center of the head (on the inside of the skull).
Normally the pressure of the CSF is higher than that of the venous system, so CSF flows through the villi and granulations into the blood.
It has been suggested that the endothelial cells of the venous sinus create vacuoles of CSF, which move through the cell and out into the blood.
By some accounts, a large portion (perhaps the majority) of CSF is drained through lymphatics associated with extracranial segments of the cranial nerves.
A large proportion of CSF is believed to leave the cranial vault through the axons of CN I (olfactory nerve) through their extension through the cribriform plate.
The cells of the choroid plexus are non ciliated but, unlike the ependyma, the choroid plexus epithelial layer has tight junctions between the cells on the side facing the ventricle (apical surface).
These tight junctions prevent the majority of substances from crossing the cell layer into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); thus the choroid plexus acts as a blood–CSF barrier.
CSF acts as a medium for filtration system that facilitates the removal of metabolic waste from the brain and exchange of biomolecules and xenobiotics into and out of the brain.
In this way the choroid plexus has a very important role in helping to maintain the delicate extracellular environment required by the brain to function optimally.
The choroid plexus is also a major source of transferrin secretion that plays a part in iron homeostasis in the brain.
The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is a fluid–brain barrier that is composed of a pair of membranes that separate blood from CSF at the capillary level and CSF from brain tissue.
Similar to the blood–brain barrier, the blood–CSF barrier functions to prevent the passage of most blood-borne substances into the brain, while selectively permitting the passage specific substances into the brain and facilitating the removal of brain metabolites and metabolic products into the blood.
Despite the similar function between the BBB and BCSFB, each facilitates the transport of different substances into the brain due to the distinct structural characteristics between the two barrier systems.
The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier has also been shown to modulate the entry of leukocytes from the blood to the central nervous system.
Size, location, disappearance or progression, and whether the cysts are found on both sides or not do not affect the risk of aneuploidy.
44-50% of Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) cases will present with choroid plexus cysts, as well 1.4% of Down syndrome (trisomy 21) cases.
Typically this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates other specialist care that the patient may need.
Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a nurse practitioner (adult-gerontology nurse practitioner, family nurse practitioner, or pediatric nurse practitioner), or a physician assistant.
In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia).
The World Health Organization attributes the provision of essential primary care as an integral component of an inclusive primary healthcare strategy.
Primary care involves the widest scope of healthcare, including all ages of patients, patients of all socioeconomic and geographic origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal health, and patients with all manner of acute and chronic physical, mental and social health issues, including multiple chronic diseases.
Continuity is a key characteristic of primary care, as patients usually prefer to consult the same practitioner for routine check-ups and preventive care, health education, and every time they require an initial consultation about a new health problem.
The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in primary care by the reason for the patient visit.
Common chronic illnesses usually treated in primary care may include, for example: hypertension, angina, diabetes, asthma, COPD, depression and anxiety, back pain, arthritis or thyroid dysfunction.
In context of global population ageing, with increasing numbers of older adults at greater risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, rapidly increasing demand for primary care services is expected around the world, in both developed and developing countries.
Funding for primary care varies a great deal between different countries: general taxation, national insurance systems, private insurance and direct payment by patients are all used, sometimes in combination.
In the United Kingdom, patients can access primary care services through their local general practice, community pharmacy, optometrist, dental surgery and community hearing care providers.
In the UK, unlike many other countries, patients do not normally have direct access to hospital consultants and the GP controls access to secondary care.
through a system of dispensaries), state governments manage the various general hospitals (secondary care), while the federal government's role is mostly limited to coordinating the affairs of the Federal Medical Centres and university teaching hospitals (tertiary care).
As of 2012, there were about six primary care professional societies in the United States, including American College of Physicians, American Academy of Family Physicians, the Society of General Internal Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Osteopathic Association, and the American Geriatrics Society.
A 2009 report by the New England Healthcare Institute determined that an increased demand on primary care by older, sicker patients and decreased supply of primary care practitioners has led to a crisis in primary care delivery.
The research identified a set of innovations that could enhance the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of primary care in the United States.
The law is estimated to have expanded health insurance coverage by 20 million people by early 2016 and is expected to expand health care to 34 million people by 2021.
The success of the expansion of health insurance under the ACA in large measure depends on the availability of primary care physicians.
According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) without the ACA, the United States would have been short roughly 64,000 physicians by 2020; with the implementation of the ACA, it will be 91,000 physicians short.
According to the AAMC's November 2009 physician work force report, nationally, the rate of physicians providing primary care is 79.4 physicians per 100,000 residents.
Primary healthcare results in better health outcomes, reduced health disparities and lower spending, including on avoidable emergency department visits and hospital care.
With that being said, primary care physicians are an important component in ensuring that the healthcare system as a whole is sustainable.
However, despite their importance to the healthcare system, the primary care position has suffered in terms of its prestige in part due to the differences in salary when compared to doctors that decide to specialize.
In a 2010 national study of physician wages conducted by the UC Davis Health System found that specialists are paid as much as 52 percent more than primary care physicians, even though primary care physicians see far more patients.
A follow up study conducted by the UC Davis Health System found that earnings over the course of the careers of primary care physicians averaged as much as $2.8 million less than the earnings of their specialist colleagues.
In 2015, almost 19,000 doctors graduated from American medical schools and only 7 percent of graduates chose a career in primary care.
The average age of a primary care physician in the United States is 47 years old, and one quarter of all primary care physicians are nearing retirement.
Fifty years ago roughly half of the physicians in America practiced primary care; today, fewer than one third of them do.
The medical home model is intended to help coordinate care with the primary care provider the center of the patient's healthcare.
These provisions are directed towards medical school graduates and include payment reform, student loan forgiveness programs and increased primary care residency positions The PPACA also provides funding and mandates to increase the role of physician extenders like nurse practitioners and physician assistants to enhance the primary care workforce.
Through the adoption of new patient care delivery models that include physicians working in tandem with nurse practitioners and physician assistants, demand for future primary care services could be met.
Consumer surveys have found the American public to be open to a greater role for physician extenders in the primary care setting.
Policies and laws, primarily at the state level, would need to redefine and reallocate the roles and responsibilities for non-physician licensed providers to optimize these new models of care.
David John Wheeler FRS (9 February 1927 – 13 December 2004) was a computer scientist and professor of computer science at the University of Cambridge.
He was educated at a local primary school in Birmingham and then went on to King Edward VI Camp Hill School after winning a scholarship in 1938.
In cryptography, he was the designer of WAKE and the co-designer of the TEA and XTEA encryption algorithms together with Roger Needham.
In 1950, along with Maurice Wilkes, he used EDSAC to solve a differential equation relating to gene frequencies in a paper by Ronald Fisher.
Wheeler married Joyce Blackler in August 1957, who used EDSAC for her own mathematical investigations as a research student from 1955.
He became a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge in 1964 and formally retired in 1994, although he continued to be an active member of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory until his death.
The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility, and a court tennis (or real tennis) facility.
The hall of fame and museum are located in the Newport Casino, which was commissioned in 1879 by James Gordon Bennett Jr. as part of an exclusive resort for wealthy Newport summer residents.
In 1881, the Real Tennis Court (housing the National Tennis Club) and the Casino Theatre were constructed at the east end of the campus.
The club was opened on July 1, 1880 after a six-month construction period and quickly became a fashionable venue for Newport summer residents.
It was at risk of being demolished for redevelopment of modern retail space, but the building was purchased and saved by Jimmy and Candy Van Alen, wealthy Newport summer residents.
The first Hall of Fame members were inducted in 1955; as of 2017, a total of 252 inductees from 23 countries have been recognized..
The museum houses a large collection of artifacts and memorabilia – including videos, photographs, audio recordings, tennis equipment and apparel, trophies, and art – highlighting the history of tennis from its origins up through the modern era.
Top male players come to Newport directly from Wimbledon to compete for the Van Alen Cup at the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
is an American advertising campaign encouraging the consumption of milk, which was created by the advertising agency Goodby Silverstein & Partners for the California Milk Processor Board in 1993, and was later licensed for use by milk processors and dairy farmers.
The advertisements would typically feature people in various situations involving dry or sticky foods and treats such as cakes and cookies.
The ad, directed by future Hollywood filmmaker Michael Bay, was at the top of the advertising industry's award circuit in 1994.
Former California Governor Gray Davis expressed his dislike for one commercial and asked if there was a way to remove it from the air.
They see him going to use his wheelbarrow when suddenly his arms rip off because, having not consumed milk, his bones are weak and fragile.
website, the campaign has over 90% awareness in the United States and the tagline has been licensed to dairy boards across the nation since 1995.
is a powerful property and has been licensed on a range of consumer goods, including Barbie dolls, Hot Wheels, baby and teen apparel, and kitchenware.
By 2007, the slogan had become an international icon, and the phrase has been parodied more than any other ad slogan.
Most babies in the breech position are born by a caesarean section because it is seen as safer than being born vaginally.
Doctors and midwives in the developing world often lack many of the skills required to safely assist women giving birth to a breech baby vaginally.
Also, delivering all breech babies by caesarean section in developing countries is difficult to implement as there are not always resources available to provide this service.
During the first period, which lasts until the 24th gestational week, the incidence of a longitudinal lie increases, with equal proportions of breech or cephalic presentations from this lie.
During the second period, lasting from the 25th to the 35th gestational week, the incidence of cephalic presentation increases, with a proportional decrease of breech presentation.
The second period is characterized by a higher than random probability that the fetal presentation during this period will also be present at the time of delivery.
Incidence of breech presentation among diseases and medical conditions with the incidence of breech presentation higher than occurs in the general population, shows that the probability of breech presentation is between 4% and 50%.
Combination of two medical entities: First twin in uterus with two bodies 14.29%; Second twin in uterus with two bodies 18.52%.
Also, women with previous Caesarean deliveries have a risk of breech presentation at term twice that of women with previous vaginal deliveries.
The highest possible probability of breech presentation of 50% indicates that breech presentation is a consequence of random filling of the intrauterine space, with the same probability of breech and cephalic presentation in a longitudinally elongated uterus.
In addition to the above, breech births in which the sacrum is the fetal denominator can be classified by the position of a fetus.
This complication severely diminishes oxygen flow to the baby, so the baby must be delivered immediately (usually by Caesarean section) so that he or she can breathe.
At full term, the fetal bitrochanteric diameter (the distance between the outer points of the hips) is about the same as the biparietal diameter (the transverse diameter of the skull)—simply put the size of the hips are the same as the size of the head.
If the baby is preterm, it may be possible for the baby's body to emerge while the cervix has not dilated enough for the head to emerge.
Because the umbilical cord—the baby's oxygen supply—is significantly compressed while the head is in the pelvis during a breech birth, it is important that the delivery of the aftercoming fetal head not be delayed.
Twisting the body such that an arm trails behind the shoulder, it will tend to cross down over the face to a position where it can be reached by the obstetrician's finger, and brought to a position below the head.
In order to present the smallest diameter (9.5 cm) to the pelvis, the baby's head must be flexed (chin to chest).
However, there is not enough research to show this and a quick delivery might cause more harm to the baby than a conservative approach to the birth.
Injury to the brain and skull may occur due to the rapid passage of the baby's head through the mother's pelvis.
In contrast, a baby going through labor in the head-down position usually experiences gradual molding (temporary reshaping of the skull) over the course of a few hours.
The fetal head may be controlled by a special two-handed grip call the Mariceau–Smellie–Veit manoeuvre or the elective application of forceps.
As in labour with a baby in a normal head-down position, uterine contractions typically occur at regular intervals and gradually the cervix begins to thin and open.
In the more common breech presentations, the baby's bottom (rather than feet or knees) is what is first to descend through the maternal pelvis and emerge from the vagina.
Descent is thus as for the presenting fetal head and delay in descent is a cardinal sign of possible problems with the delivery of the head.
This happens when the mother's pelvic floor muscles cause the baby to turn so that it can be born with one hip directly in front of the other.
Due to the increased pressure during labour and birth, it is normal for the baby's leading hip to be bruised and genitalia to be swollen.
Babies who assumed the frank breech position in utero may continue to hold their legs in this position for some days after birth.
When a baby is born bottom first there is more risk that the birth will not be straight forward and that the baby could be harmed.
For example, when the baby's head passes through the mother's pelvis the umbilical cord can be compressed which prevents delivery of oxygenated blood to the baby.
Due to this and other risks, babies in breech position are usually born by a planned caesarean section in developed countries.
Caesarean section reduces the risk of harm or death for the baby but does increase risk of harm to the mother compared with a vaginal delivery.
It is best if the baby is in a head down position so that they can be born vaginally with less risk of harm to both mother and baby.
The next section is looking at External cephalic version or ECV which is a method that can help the baby turn from a breech position to a head down position.
Vaginal birth of a breech baby has its risks but caesarean sections are not always available or possible, a mother might arrive in hospital at a late stage of her labour or may choose not to have a caesarean section.
In these cases, it is important that the clinical skills needed to deliver breech babies are not lost so that mothers and babies are as safe as possible.
Compared with developed countries, planned caesarean sections have not produced as good results in developing countries – it is suggested that this is due to more breech vaginal deliveries being performed by experienced, skilled practitioners in these settings.
If both babies are in the breech position and the mother has gone into labour early, a cesarean section may be the best option.
After the first baby who is not in the breech position is delivered, the baby who is presented in the breech position may turn itself around, if this does not happen another procedure may performed called the breech extraction.
The breech extraction is the procedure that involves the obstetrician grabbing the second twin's feet and pulling him/her into the birth canal.
However, if the second twin is larger than the first, complications with delivering the second twin vaginally may arise and a cesarean section should be performed.
At times, the first twin (the twin closest to the birth canal) can be in the breech position with the second twin being in the cephalic position (vertical).
Turning the baby, technically known as external cephalic version (ECV), is when the baby is turned by gently pressing the mother's abdomen to push the baby from a bottom first position, to a head first position.
ECV does not always work, but it does improve the mother's chances of giving birth to her baby vaginally and avoiding a cesarean section.
The World Health Organisation recommends that women should have a planned cesarean section only if an ECV has been tried and did not work.
Women who have an ECV when they are 36–40 weeks pregnant are more likely to have a vaginal delivery and less likely to have a cesarean section than those who do not have an ECV.
Turning the baby before this time makes a head first birth more likely but ECV before the due date can increase the risk of early or premature birth which can cause problems to the baby.
Drugs called beta-stimulant tocolytics help the woman's muscles to relax so that the pressure during the ECV does not have to be so great.
Giving the woman these drugs before the ECV improves the chances of her having a vaginal delivery because the baby is more likely to turn and stay head down.
Other treatments such as using sound, pain relief drugs such as epidural, increasing the fluid around the baby and increasing the amount of fluids to the woman before the ECV could all effect its success but there is not enough research to make this clear.
Some of these techniques include: a knee-to-chest position, the breech tilt, and moxibustion, these can be performed after the mother is 34 weeks pregnant.
John Carnell Crosbie, (January 30, 1931 – January 10, 2020) was a provincial and federal politician who served as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
He served as a provincial Cabinet minister under premiers Joey Smallwood and Frank Moores as well as a federal Cabinet minister during the governments of Joe Clark and Brian Mulroney.
Crosbie ran unsuccessfully for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1969, losing to Smallwood, and was also a candidate in the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's 1983 leadership election, placing third.
Born in pre-Confederation St. John's, Newfoundland, he was the son of Jessie (Carnell) and Chesley Crosbie, and the grandson of Sir John Chalker Crosbie, the latter two both prominent businessmen.
His father was leader of the Economic Union Party in the 1940s and a leading opponent of the campaign for Newfoundland to join Canadian Confederation.
He went on to study political science and economics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, where he graduated with first-class honours and won the University Medal in political science.
Crosbie went on to study law at Dalhousie Law School in Halifax, Nova Scotia graduating in 1956 as the University Medalist in Law.
He undertook postgraduate studies at the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London and the London School of Economics in 1956-57 and was called to the Newfoundland Bar in 1957.
Crosbie first entered politics as a councillor of the St. John's City Council in 1965, and was briefly deputy mayor in 1966.
Crosbie was sworn in as Minister of Municipal and Housing, and soon after won a seat in the House of Assembly.
In 1967, Crosbie became Minister of Health and was instrumental in creating the Newfoundland Medicare Commission and the framework for the Newfoundland Medicare Plan.
Smallwood's government had been in power since 1949, and the Premier was trying to rejuvenate his cabinet by bringing in new blood.
Smallwood's authoritarian style and refusal to allow a younger generation to take power frustrated Crosbie and other young ministers, such as Clyde Wells.
In protest of a deal Smallwood wanted to make with American industrialist John Shaheen over an oil refinery at Come By Chance, Crosbie and Wells resigned from the caucus to sit as Reform Liberals, while remaining members of the Liberal Party.
However, when Crosbie, who had resigned from caucus, became the apparent front runner to succeed him as leader Smallwood decided to run for the leadership of the party.
Smallwood won the leadership race and Crosbie crossed the floor to join the opposition Progressive Conservative Party, led by Frank Moores.
The Progressive Conservatives were now seen as a viable alternative to the Liberal Party, and in 1972 Crosbie helped the Tories defeat Smallwood and come to power.
In Moore's government Crosbie held the portfolios of Minister of Finance, President of the Treasury Board, and Minister of Economic Development; Minister of Fisheries and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs; Minister of Mines and Energy; and Government House Leader.
Crosbie won the seat of St. John's West in the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on October 18, 1976 as a candidate for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, which was in Opposition at the time.
A motion of no confidence on the budget brought the Clark government down on December 13, 1979, resulting in a new election which the Tories lost.
Though a leadership convention was not called following their defeat at the polls, Crosbie felt that a convention would be held in the near future.
At a leadership review held at the party's general meeting, in Winnipeg, in 1983, 66.9% of delegates voted against holding a leadership convention.
Clark felt however that this was not a strong mandate and recommended that the party executive hold a leadership convention at the earliest possible time, in which he would be a candidate.
A lifelong supporter of free trade with the United States, in cabinet he was one of the strongest proponents of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement.
Crosbie was also a supporter of redress for Japanese Canadians interned during World War Two - in September 1988 the Mulroney government made its historic apology in the House of Commons and compensated each surviving internee with $18,000.
He was pro-choice on the issue of abortion and as Minister of Justice, liberalized divorce laws, and appointed a larger percentage of women to the bench than his predecessors.
He was also an early advocate of gay and lesbian rights, changing government policy to prohibit discrimination against homosexuals in hiring in the public sector, including the military and the RCMP, and in 1986 introduced amendments to the Canadian Human Rights Code to include sexual orientation as a prohibited grounds of discrimination.
Crosbie was greeted by an angry throng of Newfoundlanders concerned about rumours of a proposed moratorium on the Atlantic northwest cod fishery.
When Brian Mulroney announced his resignation as party leader, Crosbie did not stand as a candidate at the 1993 Progressive Conservative leadership convention but supported Jean Charest's candidacy instead.
He declined an offer to serve in the cabinet of Mulroney's successor, Kim Campbell, when she became prime minister and did not run for re-election in the 1993 federal election, retiring from federal politics.
Despite his earlier opposition to the Canadian Alliance, he did not oppose the merger of the two parties and joined the new Conservative Party of Canada.
In the 2004 federal election, he publicly considered running for the Conservatives against Liberal incumbent John Efford in the Newfoundland riding of Avalon, but ultimately decided against doing so.
Crosbie continued to practise law with the law firm of Cox & Palmer in St. John's until his appointment as Lieutenant Governor.
On February 4, 2008, Governor General Michaëlle Jean, on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, appointed John Crosbie as Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, succeeding Edward Roberts.
As lieutenant governor, Crosbie drew criticism for wearing a sealskin coat to several official events during Prince Charles' and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall's tour of Newfoundland in November 2009 and for saying that the coat was a statement in support of the annual seal hunt.
John's son, Ches Crosbie, was rejected as a federal Conservative Party of Canada candidate in the 2015 Canadian federal election, the party citing his performance in a play held by a local bar association that touched on the Canadian senate scandal.
John Crosbie then accused the federal Conservatives of squashing his son's candidacy because he was too independent and because Newfoundland senator David Wells wanted to keep his control over Newfoundland patronage appointments, an accusation that Wells denied.
His eldest son, Ches Crosbie, is a lawyer and became leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador in 2018.
His daughter, Beth Crosbie, is a former real estate agent, and was a candidate in the 2015 and 2019 provincial elections.
Women and Children First is the third studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released on March 26, 1980 on Warner Bros. Records.
The album is somewhat different from the band's first two albums in the way that it features more studio overdubs and less emphasis on backing vocals.
contains the only female backing vocal ever recorded for a Van Halen song; Nicolette Larson sings during some of the choruses.
The rain sound in the background is not an effect; it was raining outside, and the band decided to record the sound in stereo using two Neumann KM84 microphones, and added it to the track.
was also a concert staple through the 1984 tour, and continued to be played by David Lee Roth after he left Van Halen.
A nod is given to Eddie in the animation, as the hamburger's guitar sports the Frankenstrat design made famous by him.
The property ladder is a term widely used in the United Kingdom to describe the relative differences in constant terms from cheaper to more expensive housing.
According to this metaphor, an individual or family's lifetime progress can be traveled equally from more affordable houses for younger first-time buyers who are typically at the bottom of the property ladder, and expensive houses are at the top.
'Getting on to the property ladder' is the process of buying one's first house and holding a place on the volatile property market.
If offers associate and bachelor's degree programs in the liberal arts and sciences and is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC).
It was also the most expensive four-year, private non-profit by list price according to the Department of Education's rankings for the 2012–2013 year; fees including room and board were reported to be $59,930 in 2013 and $61,910 in 2015.
Putney Selectman Peter Shumlin was instrumental in persuading the government to allow Landmark School in Beverly, Massachusetts, to start a college on the dormant campus.
Applicants are required to document a condition that impairs learning, such as dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.
The male-to-female student ratio is about 3:1, which reflects the higher number of males who are diagnosed with conditions that affect learning.
About half of Landmark's full-time students have failed or withdrawn from another college; this may be due to the low number of tertiary-level students who disclose and seek help for their disability.
Additionally, a Graduate Certificate in Universal Design aimed at professionals in the field of special education is accredited through nearby Marlboro College.
The three-week-long High School Program is intended to assist high school students entering their Junior or Senior year who learn differently develop self-understanding and self-advocacy skills.
Residential halls are equipped with wireless Internet, cable television, laundry facilities, and common lounge space, as well as full-time residential staff.
The Student Government Association engages in the governance of the college, the Phi Theta Kappa honor society completes a service project each year, and the Campus Activities Board plans events for the community.
Student groups include Hillel, the LGBTQIA Club, Film Club, Fitness Club, Anime and Manga Club, Gaming Club, Chess Club and organized activities in rock climbing, mountain biking, hiking, and martial arts are among the extracurricular activities.
In 1882, when his father died, he was not quite 22 years old, and his brother Reb Zalman Aharon was not much older.
A period followed, during which both brothers fulfilled some of the tasks of a rebbe, but neither felt ready to take on the title and responsibilities.
Over this period he gradually took on more responsibilities, particularly in dealing with the impact of the May Laws, and on Rosh Hashanah 5643 (10 September 1892 OS) he accepted the leadership of the Lubavitch movement.
One theory identifies his case with that of an unidentified rabbi referred by Freud to Wilhelm Steckel around the same time, who employed electrotherapy.
This rabbi told Steckel that from the age of six until his marriage at age 18 he was sexually molested by one of his attendants.
The treatment had some success, restoring some feeling to the hand, but the rabbi was unable to stay in Vienna longer than two months.
When the rabbi returned home he attempted to continue his treatment with a small machine that he had purchased in Vienna, but experienced no further improvement and eventually gave up.
As Bolshevik forces approached Rostov he considered moving to Israel, (which was under Turkish authority at the time) and prepared all the necessary paperwork; his only extant picture comes from his Turkish visa, since he usually refused to be photographed.
He maintained a lengthy correspondence, not only with Chabad Chasidim in other countries, but also with non-Chabad chasidim and members of other groups who wrote to him for advice.
He also met with other Jewish and hasidic leaders, working with them on issues such as education, unity, policy, and strategy.
He was a prominent opponent of Zionism, both in its secular and religious versions, and a staunch ally of Reb Chaim Brisker.
Together with Reb Chaim he joined and supported Machazikei Hadas - a union of Eastern European haredim and the forerunner of the Agudah - but in 1912, when the Agudah was formed in Katowice, Reb Chaim raised 18 objections to its constitution, and Schneersohn kept Lubavitch out of the Agudah.
This conference was held in 1917 in Moscow, and was preceded by a meeting of the leading Rabbis, to decide the matters to be discussed there.
However, because the participants in this meeting were few and in a hurry to return home, the Moscow conference failed to yield proper results.
Thus, it was necessary to convene once again in Kharkiv in 1918, to discuss the elections for the General Jewish Assembly.
Much of his work has been published in Hebrew, and some of it has been translated into English, and is available online.
Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is the attempt to interpret and reconcile geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the global flood described in Genesis .
In the early 19th century, diluvial geologists hypothesized that specific surface features were evidence of a worldwide flood which had followed earlier geological eras; after further investigation they agreed that these features resulted from local floods or glaciers.
In the 20th century, young Earth creationists revived flood geology as an overarching concept in their opposition to evolution, assuming a recent six-day Creation and cataclysmic geological changes during the Biblical Deluge, and incorporating creationist explanations of the sequence of rock strata.
As modern geology developed, geologists found evidence of an ancient Earth, and evidence inconsistent with the notion that the Earth had developed in a series of cataclysms, like the Genesis flood.
Attempts were made by so-called scriptural geologists to give primacy to literal Biblical explanations, but they lacked background in geology and were marginalised by the scientific community, as well as having little influence on the church.
Proponents hold to a literal reading of and view its passages to be historically accurate, using the Bible's internal chronology to place the Flood and the story of Noah's Ark within the last five thousand years.
In pre-Christian times, fossils found on land were thought by Greek philosophers, including Xenophanes, Xanthus and Aristotle, to be evidence that the sea had in past ages covered the land.
Their concept of vast time periods in an eternal cosmos was rejected by early Christian writers as incompatible with their belief in Creation by God.
Chrysostom and Augustine believed that fossils were the remains of animals that were killed and buried during the brief duration of the Biblical Genesis Flood, and later Martin Luther viewed fossils as having resulted from the Flood.
Robert Hooke made empirical investigations, and doubted that the numbers of fossil shells or depth of shell beds could have formed in the one year of Noah's Flood.
His fundamental principles of stratigraphy published in 1669 established that rock strata formed horizontally and were later broken and tilted, though he assumed these processes would occur within 6,000 years including a worldwide Flood.
Burnet maintained that less than 6,000 years ago the Earth had emerged from chaos as a perfect sphere, with paradise on land over a watery abyss.
This crust had dried out and cracked, and its collapse caused the Biblical Deluge, forming mountains as well as caverns where the water retreated.
When it was pointed out that lower layers were often less dense and forces that shattered rock would destroy organic remains, he resorted to the explanation that a divine miracle had temporarily suspended gravity.
Johann Jakob Scheuchzer wrote in support of Woodward's ideas in 1708, describing some fossil vertebrae as bones of sinners who had perished in the Flood.
In his 1756 publication he identified 30 different layers in this category which he attributed to the action of the Genesis Deluge, possibly including debris from the older mountains.
Lehman's classification was developed by Abraham Gottlob Werner who thought that rock strata had been deposited from a primeval global ocean rather than by Noah's Flood, a doctrine called Neptunism.
The idea of a young Earth was further undermined in 1774 by Nicolas Desmarest, whose studies of a succession of extinct volcanoes in Europe showed layers which would have taken long ages to build up.
Against Neptunism, James Hutton proposed an indefinitely old cycle of eroded rocks being deposited in the sea, consolidated and heaved up by volcanic forces into mountains which in turn eroded, all in natural processes which continue to operate.
By this time, geologists were convinced that an immense time had been needed to build up the huge thickness of rock strata visible in quarries and cliffs, implying extensive pre-human periods.
Several researchers independently found that strata could be identified by characteristic fossils: secondary strata in southern England were mapped by William Smith from 1799 to 1815.
An English translation was published in 1813 with a preface and notes by Robert Jameson, Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh.
This sentence was removed after the second edition, and Jameson's position changed as shown by his notes in successive editions, but it influenced British views of Cuvier's concept.
Conservative geologists in Britain welcomed Cuvier's theory to replace Werner's Neptunism, and the Church of England clergyman William Buckland became the foremost proponent of Flood geology as he sought to get the new science of geology accepted on the curriculum of the University of Oxford.
In 1818 he was visited by Cuvier, and in his inaugural speech in 1819 as the first professor of geology at the university he defended the subject against allegations that it undermined religion.
The evidence he proposed included erratic boulders, extensive areas of gravel, and landforms which appeared to have been scoured by water.
Buckland's views were supported by other Church of England clergymen naturalists: his Oxford colleague Charles Daubeny proposed in 1820 that the volcanoes of the Auvergne showed a sequence of lava flows from before and after the Flood had cut valleys through the region.
Other naturalists were critical of Diluvialism: the Church of Scotland pastor John Fleming published opposing arguments in a series of articles from 1823 onwards.
He criticized Buckland's identification of red mud in the Kirkdale cave as diluvial, when near identical mud in other caves had been described as fluvial.
All three agreed that the valleys could well have been formed by rivers acting over a long time, and a deluge was not needed.
Sedgwick responded to this book in his presidential address to the Geological Society in February 1830, agreeing that diluvial deposits had formed at differing times.
One student had seen the gradual abandonment of diluvialism: Charles Darwin had attended Jameson's geology lectures in 1826, and at Cambridge became a close friend of Henslow before learning geology from Sedgwick in 1831.
Debates continued over the part played by repeated exceptional catastrophes in geology, and in 1832 William Whewell dubbed this view catastrophism, while naming Lyell's insistence on explanations based on current processes uniformitarianism.
Active geologists no longer posited sudden ancient catastrophes with unknown causes, and instead increasingly explained phenomena by observable processes causing slow changes over great periods.
A first revolution on the third day of creation deepened the oceans so water rushed in, and in the Deluge 1,656 years afterwards a second revolution sank land areas and raised the sea bed to cause a swirling flood which moved soil and fossil remains into stratified layers, after which God created new vegetation.
He reaffirmed that the Flood was historical as a local event, something which the 17th century theologians Edward Stillingfleet and Matthew Poole had already suggested on a purely Biblical basis.
Edward Hitchcock sought to ensure that geological findings could be corroborated by scripture, and dismissed the scriptural geology of Penn and Fairholme as misrepresenting both scripture and the facts of geology.
Little attention was paid to Flood geology over the rest of the 19th century, its few supporters included the author Eleazar Lord in the 1850s and the Lutheran scholar Carl Friedrich Keil in 1860 and 1878.
Her visions of the flood and its aftermath, published in 1864, described a catastrophic deluge which reshaped the entire surface of the Earth, followed by a powerful wind which piled up new high mountains, burying the bodies of men and beasts.
Ellen G. White's visions prompted several books by one of her followers, George McCready Price, leading to the 20th-century revival of flood geology.
In 1902 he produced a manuscript for a book proposing geology based on Genesis, in which the sequence of fossils resulted from the different responses of animals to the encroaching flood.
Price increasingly gained attention outside Adventist groups, and in the creation–evolution controversy other leading Christian fundamentalists praised his opposition to evolution - though none of them followed his young Earth arguments, retaining their belief in the gap or in the day-age interpretation of Genesis.
The first public RSA conference in March 1936 invited various fundamentalist views, but opened up differences between the organisers on the antiquity of creation and on life before Adam.
The RSA went defunct in 1937, and a dispute continued between Price and Nelson, who now viewed Creation as occurring over 100,000 years previously.
Not all DGS-adherents were Adventists; early members included the Independent Baptist Henry M. Morris and the Missouri Lutheran Walter E. Lammerts.
Instead, Ramm proposed what he called progressive creationism in which the Genesis days were pictorial images revealing a process that had taken place over millions of years.
He systematically asked evangelical professors of apologetics, archaeology and the Old Testament about creation and the flood, and in October told Morris that Ramm's book had been sufficient incentive for him to devote his dissertation to the topic.
Moody Publishers responded positively and agreed with him that chapters on scientific aspects should be carefully checked or written by someone with a PhD in science, but Whitcomb's attempts to find someone with a doctorate in geology were unsuccessful.
By early 1960 they were impatient at delays when Moody Publishers had misgivings about the length and literal views of the book, and they went along with Rousas Rushdoony's recommendation of a small Philadelphia publishers.
For Whitcomb, Genesis described a worldwide Flood which covered all the high mountains, Noah's ark with capacity equivalent to eight freight trains, flood waters from a canopy and the deeps, and subsequent dispersal of animals from Ararat to all the continents via land bridges.
Like Price before him, Morris argued that most fossil bearing strata had been formed during the global Deluge, disputing uniformitarianism, multiple ice ages, and the geologic column.
He explained the apparent fossil sequence as the outcome of marine organisms dying in the slurry of sediments in early stages of the Flood, moving currents sorting object by size and shape, and the mobility of vertebrates allowing them to initially escape the floodwaters.
Morris extended the six day creation from the Earth to the entire universe, and said that death and decay had only begun with the Fall of Man, which had therefore introduced entropy and the second law of thermodynamics.
He proposed that a vapor canopy, before providing water for the Flood, created a mild even climate and shielded the Earth from cosmic rays so radiocarbon dating would not work.
He cited Clifford L. Burdick's testimony that some of the Paluxy River dinosaur trackways overlapped human footprints, but Burdick failed to confirm this and the section was removed from the third edition.
Morris was unavailable to get things started, then around 1961 Wiliam J. Tinkle got in touch, and they set about recruiting others.
The Creation Research Committee of ten they put together on 9 February 1962 had varying views on the age of the Earth, but all opposed evolution.
They lacked a qualified geologist, and Morris persuaded the group to appoint Clifford L. Burdick as their only Earth scientist, overcoming initial concerns raised by Lammerts.
Since the 1920s most U.S. schools had not taught pupils about evolution, but Sputnik exposed apparent weaknesses of U.S. science education and the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study produced textbooks in 1963 which included the topic.
When the Texas Education Agency held a hearing in October 1964 about adopting these textbooks, creationist objectors were unable to name suitable creationist alternatives.
Lammerts organised a CRS textbook committee which lined up a group of authors, with John N. Moore as senior editor bringing their contributions together into a suitable textbook.
The teaching of evolution, reintroduced in 1963 by the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study textbooks, was prohibited by laws in some states.
Some creationists thought a legal decision requiring religious neutrality in schools should shield their children from teachings hostile to their religion; Nell J. Segraves and Jean E. Sumrall (a friend of Lammerts who was also associated with the Creation Research Society and the Bible-Science Association) petitioned the California State Board of Education to require that school biology texts designate evolution a theory.
In 1966 Max Rafferty as California State Superintendent of Public Instruction suggested that they demand equal time for creation, as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed teachers to mention religion as long as they did not promote specific doctrines.
Creationists reacted to the California developments with a new confidence that they could introduce their ideas into schools by minimizing biblical references.
The ten thousand copies printed sold out within a year, and they produced 25,000 as the second impression, but hardly any public schools adopted the book.
As a result, creation science also challenges the commonly accepted geologic and astrophysical theories for the age and origins of the Earth and Universe, which creationists acknowledge are irreconcilable to the account in the Book of Genesis.
The geologic column and the fossil record are used as major pieces of evidence in the modern scientific explanation of the development and evolution of life on Earth as well as a means to establish the age of the Earth.
Some flood geologists dispute geology's assembled global geologic column since index fossils are used to link geographically isolated strata to other strata across the map.
Fossils are often dated by their proximity to strata containing index fossils whose age has been determined by its location on the geologic column.
Oard and others say that the identification of fossils as index fossils has been too error-prone for index fossils to be used reliably to make those correlations, or to date local strata using the assembled geologic scale.
Other creationists accept the existence of the geological column and believe that it indicates a sequence of events that might have occurred during the global flood.
Institute for Creation Research creationists such as Andrew Snelling, Steven A. Austin and Kurt Wise take this approach, as does Creation Ministries International.
Creationists say that fossilization can only take place when the organism is buried quickly to protect the remains from destruction by scavengers or decomposition.
They say that the fossil record provides evidence of a single cataclysmic flood and not of a series of slow changes accumulating over millions of years.
Flood geologists have proposed numerous hypotheses to reconcile the sequence of fossils evident in the fossil column with the literal account of Noah's flood in the Bible.
Some creationists believe that oil and coal deposits formed rapidly in sedimentary layers as volcanoes or flood waters flattened forests and buried the debris.
They believe the vegetation decomposed rapidly into oil or coal due to the heat of the subterranean waters as they were unleashed from the Earth during the flood or by the high temperatures created as the remains were compressed by water and sediment.
Creationists continue to search for evidence in the natural world that they consider consistent with the above description, such as evidence of rapid formation.
For example, there have been claims of raindrop marks and water ripples at layer boundaries, sometimes associated with the claimed fossilized footprints of men and dinosaurs walking together.
Anthropologist Patrick Nunn rejects this view and highlights the fact that much of the human population lives near water sources such as rivers and coasts, where unusually severe floods can be expected to occur occasionally and will be recorded in local mythology.
George McCready Price attempted to fit a great deal of earth's geological history into a model based on a few accounts from the Bible.
Price's simple model was used by Whitcomb and Morris initially but they did not build on the model in the 60s and 70s.
These models attempt to explain continental movements in a short time frame, the order of the fossil record, and the Pleistocene ice age.
Baumgardner proposed a model of mantle convection that allows for runaway subduction and Humphrey associated mantle convection with rapid magnetic reversals in earth history.
Baumgardner's proposal holds that the rapid plunge of former oceanic plates into the mantle (caused by an unknown trigger-mechanism) increased local mantle pressures to the point that its viscosity dropped several magnitudes according to known properties of mantle silicates.
Once initiated, sinking plates caused the spread of low viscosity throughout the mantle resulting in runaway mantle-convection and catastrophic tectonic motion which dragged continents across the surface of the earth.
Once the former ocean plates, which are thought to be denser than the mantle, reached the bottom of the mantle an equilibrium resulted.
Proponents point to subducted slabs in the mantle which are still relatively cool, which they regard as evidence that they have not been there for millions of years which would result in temperature equilibration.
Given that conventional plate tectonics accounts for much of the geomorphic features of continents and oceans, it is natural that creationists would seek to develop a high speed version of the same process.
One main objection is that the model assumes the super continent Pangaea was intact at the initiation of the year-long flood.
But the breakup of Pangaea started early in the Mesozoic, meaning that CPT only accounts for part of the entire Phanerozoic geological record.
Other objections of CPT include the amount of heat produced for the rapid plate movements, and the fact that the cooling of hot oceanic plates and the raising of continental plates would take a great deal of time and require multiple small scale catastrophes after the flood ended.
The original CPT proposal of Austin and others in 1994 was admittedly preliminary but the major issues have not been solved.
The vast majority of geologists regard the hypothesis of catastrophic plate tectonics as pseudoscience; they reject it in favor of the conventional geological theory of plate tectonics.
It has been argued that the tremendous release of energy necessitated by such an event would boil off the Earth's oceans, making a global flood impossible.
Conventional plate tectonics accounts for the geological evidence already, including innumerable details that catastrophic plate tectonics cannot, such as why there is gold in California, silver in Nevada, salt flats in Utah, and coal in Pennsylvania, without requiring any extraordinary mechanisms to do so.
Although this final flood was geologically significant, it was not held to account for as much of the fossil record as George McCready Price had asserted.
Though the vapor-canopy theory has fallen into disfavour among most creationists, Dillow in 1981 and Vardiman in 2003 attempted to defend the idea.
The key tenets of flood geology are refuted by scientific analysis and do not have any standing in the scientific community.
Modern geology relies on a number of established principles, one of the most important of which is Charles Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism.
In relation to geological forces it states that the shaping of the Earth has occurred by means of mostly slow-acting forces that can be seen in operation today.
Geologists divide Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, epochs, and faunal stages characterized by well-defined breaks in the fossil record (see Geologic time scale).
In general, there is a lack of any evidence for any of the above effects proposed by flood geologists and their claims of fossil layering are not taken seriously by scientists.
The global flood cannot explain geological formations such as angular unconformities, where sedimentary rocks have been tilted and eroded then more sedimentary layers deposited on top, needing long periods of time for these processes.
Erosion should be evenly distributed, yet the levels of erosion in, for example, the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains differ significantly.
These methods indicate that the Earth as a whole is about 4.54 billion years old, and that the strata that, according to flood geology, were laid down during the Flood some 6,000 years ago, were actually deposited gradually over many millions of years.
If the flood were responsible for fossilization, then all the animals now fossilized must have been living together on the Earth just before the flood.
Based on estimates of the number of remains buried in the Karoo fossil formation in Africa, this would correspond to an abnormally high density of vertebrates worldwide, close to 2100 per acre.
Creationists argue that evidence for the geological column is fragmentary, and all the complex layers of chalk occurred in the approach to the 150th day of Noah's flood.
However, the entire geologic column is found in several places, and shows multiple features, including evidence of erosion and burrowing through older layers, which are inexplicable on a short timescale.
Carbonate hardgrounds and the fossils associated with them show that the so-called flood sediments include evidence of long hiatuses in deposition that are not consistent with flood dynamics or timing.
Proponents of Flood Geology are also unable to account for the alternation between calcite seas and aragonite seas through the Phanerozoic.
The cyclical pattern of carbonate hardgrounds, calcitic and aragonitic ooids, and calcite-shelled fauna has apparently been controlled by seafloor spreading rates and the flushing of seawater through hydrothermal vents which changes its Mg/Ca ratio.
These include continental basalts, terrestrial tracks of animals, and marine communities preserving multiple in-situ generations included in the rocks of most or all Phanerozoic periods, and the basalt even in the younger Precambrian rocks.
Using their own words, Flood geologists find evidence in every Paleozoic and Mesozoic period, and in every epoch of the Cenozoic period, indicating that a global flood could not have occurred during that interval.
John A. Amos, Jr., was born on December 27, 1939, in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Annabelle and John A. Amos, Sr., an auto mechanic.
He enrolled at Long Beach City College and graduated from Colorado State University, qualifying as a social worker with a degree in sociology.
Unable to run the 40-yard dash because of a pulled hamstring, he was released on the second day of training camp.
Amos approached Stram with a poem he wrote about a mythical creature that passes the door of all players who are cut from a team.
While playing a hard-working middle-aged father of three on the show, Amos was 34 when the show began production in 1973, only eight years older than the actor who played his oldest son (Jimmie Walker) and 19 years younger than his screen wife (Esther Rolle).
Much like Rolle, Amos wanted to portray a positive image of an African-American family, struggling against the odds in a poor neighborhood, but saw the premise slighted by lower comedy, and expressed dissatisfaction.
To explain Amos's absence from the show, his character died in a car accident in the first episode of the fourth season and the series continued for three more seasons without him.
Lear said Amos had become a disruption, and Amos later agreed, saying he wasn't very diplomatic about his dissatisfaction with the show's direction.
Amos had disagreed with the writers emphasizing J.J.'s buffoonishness, including his catchphrases and funny walk, fearing it was turning the program into minstrelsy.
Amos is a veteran of the 50th Armored Division of the New Jersey National Guard and Honorary Master Chief of the United States Coast Guard.
His first marriage, from 1965 to 1975, was to artist and equestrian Noel Mickelson, with whom he has two children: Shannon Amos, a successful writer/producer and founder of Afterglow Multimedia, LLC, and Grammy-nominated director K.C.
Jan van Scorel (1 August 1495 – 6 December 1562) was a Dutch painter, who played a leading role in introducing aspects of Italian Renaissance painting into Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting.
Van Scorel was one of the early painters of the Romanist style who had spent a number of years in Italy, where he thoroughly absorbed the Italian style of painting.
He differed from most Romanists in that he was a native of the northern Netherlands and not of Flanders and that he remained most of his life in the northern Netherlands.
The workshop mainly produced altarpieces, many of which were destroyed in the Reformation iconoclasm in the years just after his death.
This did not stop him from having a long-time relationship with a mistress who may have modelled for some of his female figures.
It is not known whether he began his studies under the Master of Alkmaar, Pieter Gerritsz in Haarlem, Jacob Cornelisz in Amsterdam, or with Jan Gossaert in Utrecht, but it is certain that the last two were the master painters he would meet later in his life and who would have the greatest effect on his technique.
Van Scorel is recorded in Haarlem in 1517 where he perhaps collaborated with his contemporary Maarten van Heemskerck, who like him, had been born close to Alkmaar (they certainly collaborated in Haarlem in 1528).
In 1518-22 he is registered in Venice, and along the way, heading to Nuremberg and then on via Austria over the Alps.
In 1521, Van Scorel returned to Rome where he met the Dutch pope Pope Adrian VI, who he may have met earlier in Utrecht.
Upon his return to the Netherlands in 1524, he settled in Utrecht where he began a successful career as a painter and a teacher.
He made the plans for building a polder in his native North Holland, called the , that was later financed by his friend from Antwerp, the merchant Servaes de Haese.
Perhaps because of the work on this polder, he is registered in Haarlem in 1528, where he collaborated with Heemskerck and assisted with the school there that Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert would later run.
Considered to be the leading Netherlandish Romanist, Van Scorel moved to Ghent for painting contracts before returning to Utrecht for the same reason, where he died in 1562, leaving behind a wealth of portraits and altarpieces.
Though many of his works fell victim to the Iconoclasm in 1566, some still remain and can be seen primarily at museums in the Netherlands.
Contemporary painters that Van Scorel may have met, taught, and/or collaborated with, are Cornelis Willemsz (1481–1552), Aertgen van Leyden, the Master of Alkmaar (or Cornelis Buys), Pieter Gerritsz, Jacob Cornelisz, Jan Gossaert, Maarten van Heemskerck, Antonis Mor, Lambert Sustris, Master of the Good Samaritan, and Martin Schermus van Deventer.
He also was the teacher of the painter Michel Coxie whom he took to Italy with him in 1532 for seven years.
Since then his music has gained recognition throughout Asia, most notably in regions such as China Mainland, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Southeast Asia, Korea, Japan and in the Asian communities of Western countries such as the United States and Australia.
Both his parents were secondary school teachers: his mother, Yeh Hui-Mei () who was a music teacher, taught fine arts, while his father, Chou Yao-Chung (), is a biomedical researcher.
During his childhood, he was fascinated with capturing sounds and songs with his tape recorder, which he carried everywhere with him.
His parents divorced when he was 14 and he was teased by his classmates, which caused him to become reclusive and introverted.
However, severe back pain triggered by sports eventually led to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27); and he was exempted from military service.
Chou's mother initially inspired Chou to become a music teacher, while Chou remained relatively clueless on what to do with his life.
Although they did not win, the show's host Jacky Wu – an influential character in Taiwan's entertainment business – happened to glance at the music score and was impressed with its complexity.
Wu then asked who wrote it, discovered Chou and hired him as a contract composer and paired him with the novice lyricist Vincent Fang.
Although he was trained in classical music, Chou combines Chinese and Western music styles to produce songs that fuse R&B, rock and pop genres.
However Wu told Chou that he will help Chou to release an album after he wrote 50 songs and he will pick ten from there.
The album established his reputation as a musically gifted singer-songwriter whose style is a fusion of R&B, rap, classical music, and yet distinctly Chinese.
This album was released in September 2001 and became a big hit, selling an estimated two million copies in Taiwan alone.
Chou's music has been a much-discussed topic across Chinese regions, because it differed greatly from mainstream popular Chinese music released at that time.
His pieces combine ancient themes with futuristic ones, including things like space ships, all while employing graphic storytelling skills to evoke vivid imagery to his audience.
His enunciation, or lack thereof, whether rapping or singing, was also critiqued when listeners often found that they could not decipher the words sung until they looked up the lyrics.
Chou also stated that he wants the listeners to look at the lyrics stating the lyrics written by Vincent Fang are very deep.
There was also more crossover activity between Malaysia and Indonesia, as well as steadily increasing activity by Japanese acts in the region.
This album can be seen as Jay's second milestone because it gained extremely positive reaction from both critics and supporters of his music.
Despite overwhelming piracy in Taiwan-which has reduced the recording industry to 5 to 10 percent from its heyday-as a Taiwan singer, Jay produced an album that sold a record 300,000 copies.
The World Music Awards in September 2004 held in Las Vegas acknowledged him as the most popular Chinese singer based on sales.
The song, which features Mayday frontman Ashin, was released on 16 September 2019, and its music video has since been viewed over 22 million times on YouTube.
In fact, the song was streamed so many times that it was reported to have caused QQ music – China's biggest streaming platform – to crash on the day of its release.
Sound effects from everyday life are frequently woven into his music, such as bouncing ping pong balls, touch tone phone dialing, helicopter blades, dripping rain, and radio static noise (Musique concrète).
Vincent Fang accounts for more than half of the lyrics in his albums, helping to establish an important element in Chou's music: the use of meaningful, imagery- and emotionally rich lyrics, sometimes written in the form of ancient Chinese poetry with reference to Chinese history or folklore.
According to Jay's accounts of his childhood in interviews, his father had subjected his mother to daily verbal and physical abuse, often witnessed by traumatized young Jay.
The success of his Western-Chinese musical combination is built on his marketing strategies and the musical elements involved in his works.
Jay has successfully generated airtime on CCTV by fitting in with the mainland's political and cultural agenda and celebrating traditional Chinese values.
He performs in a rhythm and blues style, but within this western form, he has inserted Chinese melodies, themes, and rhythms.
His song Dong Feng Po (East Wind, 2003) features a typical Chinese melody performed in R&B style; its instrumentation also creates a Chinese atmosphere with a Chinese pipa.
Chou began as a songwriter for other singers and continued this area of work even after he debuted his own career in singing.
He has composed frequently for Jolin Tsai, Landy Wen, and occasionally for other singers such as Coco Lee, S.H.E, Vivian Hsu, Leehom Wang, Will Liu, Valen Hsu, and Hong Kong pop stars Edmond Leung, TPE48, Jordan Chan, Edison Chen, Karen Mok, Leo Ku, Eason Chan, and Joey Yung, as well as a one-time collaboration with Howard Su.
He has also written for singers outside of his generation – over one dozen songs for his mentor Jacky Wu, later also for Taiwanese singer Jody Chiang, and Hong Kong singers Jacky Cheung, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok, and Kenny Bee.
The group has been noted for sounding too similar to their mentor; as a result, Chou has reduced his involvement in the band, but continues to help increase their exposure to mass audiences by inviting them as guests performers for his own concerts and music videos.
Besides working with singers, Chou's longest-running collaboration is with lyricist Vincent Fang, as they both started their careers in the music field in 1998.
The first stop of this new world tour opened in the same city as its preceding world tour (Shanghai) on 2 May 2014, with more stops opening in same destinations.
As fans have grown concerned that movies will compromise his music career, Chou has repeatedly reassured that movies are a source of inspiration and not a distraction; at the same time, he realizes the need to balance both careers and maintain his place in the music field to garner the continued support of fans.
Some reviewers criticized his bland acting while others felt he performed naturally, but only because the character's personality closely mirrored his own.
As a supporting character, he drew much of the attention of Chinese reporters; Chou's involvement in this movie was announced in its own press conference, separate from the meeting held for Chow Yun-fat, Gong Li, and the other actors.
Chou portrayed Prince Jai, the ambitious second eldest prince and general of the Imperial army whose personality epitomizes Xiao (孝), the Chinese virtue of filial piety.
With most of the scenes shot in the Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries, earlier filming process has been slightly disrupted due to political conflicts in the Middle East.
After learning the difficulties of being a director, he refused to direct again even at the request of his record company.
It is unclear how the public appraises his work, since music videos are rarely the subject of critical review; however, director Zhang Yimou said that Chou's directing abilities may surpass his own in the future, after viewing several of Chou's music videos.
The script written by Chou was inspired by his relationship with a high school girlfriend, with a plot focused on music, love, and family.
He stars as the lead actor of the film with Gwei Lun-mei as the female lead, and Hong Kong veteran actor Anthony Wong as Chou's father.
It generated a more muted response compared to his directorial debut, the box office receipts in mainland China, on the other hand were positive.
This 200-page book features a prologue written by his family, friends, and co-workers; the main section is a compilation of his personal attitudes, philosophies, and recollections of childhood experiences along with pictures from his music videos, many of which have never been released; and lastly, a list of the artist's major awards, musical and lyrical compositions, and discography.
For the usually low-profile singer, this book revealed his personality and convictions that has served as the basis of his musical and public image.
His confidence and dedication towards music is evident as he dedicated 2 out of 7 chapters to music: the current state of the industry, his composition methodology, and the importance of individualism to his success in music.
To maximize the celebrity branding effect, advertisements are nearly always linked to his music and TV commercials are occasionally directed by him.
In 2014, Jay accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge from Andy Lau, and also donated NT$100,000 to Taiwanese ALS Foundation, and also donated NT$2 million in the aftermath of 2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions.
has been the ambassador for the charity, which helps school children with disabilities, hardship or giving children living in poverty a scholarship for their education.
He had already donated NT$970 million in the last 5 years, sponsoring over 300 of the thousand benefactors, and would extend the offer by 5 years, and opened 300 more scholarships, and donated a lump sum of NT$10.8 million in the next 5 years worth NT$2.16 million each year.
Chou only serves as an investor and owner, and despite holding the title of a 'captain/leader', he will only play in celebrity matches, and would not involve in the day-to-day operating and coaching of the team.
In 2017, Jay Chou spent about 18 million RMB to build a Jay eSports building in Shenzhen, which provided updated computer devices and the streaming areas for eSports players in China.
More importantly, Jay decides to hold more and more eSports events in the Jay eSports building, which is helpful for the development of eSport industry in China.
It also points to the fact that he is the CEO, spokesperson and chairperson of his many business ventures like clothing lines and his own talent agency (JVR Music).
When he initiated Nan Quan Mama (南拳媽媽), it was also based on his pen name is his high school years, and the band's name was also dedicated to his mother.
As Jay was influenced by action movies, he also wrote songs about martial arts, even when he has no formal training in any martial arts discipline.
In-line with his quiet nature, he frequently wore baseball caps and hoods while lowering his head and evading eye contact during interviews.
Later that year he was acquitted after providing the relevant medical records and letters from the army confirming a lawful exemption from draft dated before the start of his music career.
An editorial written by Kerry Brown of Chatham House named Chou as one of the 50 most influential figures in China, one of only three singers on a list dominated by politicians and corporate owners.
Despite rampant piracy issues in this region of Asia, particularly in China, every album Chou has released so far has surpassed 2 million sales.
According to Baidu, the most popular internet search engine in China, Chou is the number one searched male artist in 2002, 05, 06 and 07.
Currently, Chou remains largely unknown outside of Asia, except in cities with large Chinese speaking immigrant populations such as Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Vancouver, Toronto, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Brisbane.
Despite having a supporting but important role in the story's plot, the North American version of the official posters only featured a view of his back, greatly contrasting the Asian versions where his face and name were clear and placed between the leading actor and actress.
The pair had been dating since 2010, but Hannah had been working as Jay's employee as a clothing shop assistant since 2007.
Jay Chou became an Evangelical Protestant Christian as Hannah, his mother and some of his friends, including Will Liu and Vanness Wu, are Protestants.
Although he continues to win more than 20 awards per year from various organizations in Asia, Chou has stated he will rely more on album sales as an indicator of his music's quality and popularity.
Chou dominated the 12th annual Channel V Music Awards ceremony, which was held 11 January 2006 at Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Hong Kong.
In the Taiwan/Hong Kong category, the Sony BMG Hong Kong-signed artist was named best male singer, most popular male singer and best singer/songwriter.
Taiwanese vocalist Jay Chou was named the best Asian artist at the eighth annual CCTV/MTV Music Awards, held 12 October 2006 at the Beijing Exhibition Centre Auditorium.
Five Chinese musicians gained exposure for their participation in events associated with the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing,China, including Jay Chou.
She was named for three brothers — Jack Ellis Rogers Jr., Charles Ethbert Rogers, and Edward Keith Rogers — killed in action aboard during the Battle of Tassafaronga in the Solomon Islands on 30 November 1942.
The ship was launched on 20 November 1944, sponsored by the Mother, Mrs. Josie Viola Taylor Rogers, wife of Jack Ellis Rogers, Sr., and commissioned on 26 March 1945, Comdr.
On 1 September she stood out of Tokyo Bay to join a fast carrier task group and commence her routine duties as a member of the 7th Fleet.
Through the decade she rotated to the Far East for duty with that fleet on a regular schedule, and in 1949 assisted in evacuating American nationals from China.
On 18 March 1949, she was reclassified as a radar picket destroyer (DDR) after a height finder radar and more communication equipment had been added and her torpedo tubes had been removed.
One year later she was operating off Vietnam in the Tonkin Gulf serving on Search and Rescue and shore bombardment missions from August 1966, returning to San Diego in August 1967, she operated with the 1st Fleet off the west coast of the United States until deploying again to the western Pacific in September 1967.
En route she earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation for action in Hawaiian waters on 14 January coming alongside the port quarter of the aircraft carrier with six fire hoses trained on the raging flight-deck fire while exposed to flying shrapnel from exploding bombs.
She returned to San Diego on 22 December and spent the next year on the Pacific coast of the United States engaged initially in normal operations.
Overhaul was completed by 28 August and she left Hunter's Point for various trials and refresher training, which continued until mid-December.
On 18 December, she sailed for Subic Bay, but had to return to San Diego three days later because of a medical emergency.
Ruins of the Palace of Kangla, the royal seat of the former Kingdom of Manipur, are in the city metropolitan centre, surrounded by a moat.
The average literacy rate in the town was over 90%, male literacy at 95% exceed the female literacy rate of 87%.
The place was the scene of action and the theater of the battle that took place between Allied Forces and Japanese Forces fighting alongside the Indian National Army (INA) in World War II.
Tulihal International Airport is south of the city which connects direct flights to New Delhi, Kolkata, Aizawl, Guwahati, Hyderabad and Bengaluru, Agartala.
Imphal is connected through National Highway which connects major cities like Guwahati, Kohima, Agartala, Shillong, Dimapur, Aizawl, Silchar and many more and also connects its neighbour states.
The total length of the Jiribam-Tupul railway line is 110.62 km and the total revised estimated cost is Rs 9658 crore.
The Ministry has set a target of sanctioning Rs 1000 crore within the current financial year in order to speed up the railway construction work.
The professional football club NEROCA FC of I League is based in Imphal and they use Khuman Lampak Main Stadium as their home ground.
In federal politics, he served as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament from 1978 to 1988 serving in several cabinet positions.
He was a lecturer in politics and urban affairs at Ryerson in the 1960s when he became involved in Toronto's urban reform movement.
At the time, the city had a very pro-development city council that allowed a great deal of demolition of older buildings, including houses, to make way for the construction of apartment blocks, office towers, and highways (see Spadina Expressway).
Crombie, along with John Sewell and other urban reformers, became a leader in a grassroots movement that favoured curtailing development in favour of improving social services and prioritizing community interests.
Crombie was elected to Toronto's city council in 1970, and became Mayor of Toronto in 1972, ushering in an era of socially responsible urban development inspired by thinkers such as Jane Jacobs.
Crombie was the first mayor who represented the reform movement of Toronto politics, and his policies differed sharply from those of the Old Guard who preceded him.
He initially imposed a 45-foot (13.7 m) limit on all new constructions, but this was overturned by the Ontario Municipal Board.
Crombie then put forward a new official plan that imposed varying height restrictions across the city, and this was upheld by the board.
The Spadina Expressway had been halted by premier Bill Davis in 1971, but Davis continued to support the construction of the Allen Expressway in the north.
He was more successful in countering plans for the Scarborough Expressway; all work was halted during Crombie's term, leading to its eventual cancellation.
Instead, he oversaw the creation of the St. Lawrence neighbourhood, an area of mid-rise, mixed-use, mixed-income buildings that followed Jane Jacobs's vision of urban planning.
He left City Hall in 1978 to move to federal politics, winning a by-election as a Progressive Conservative candidate that gave him a seat in the House of Commons of Canada.
Crombie served as Minister of Health and Welfare in the short-lived minority government of Prime Minister Joe Clark which was elected in 1979 but lost power the next year.
After Mulroney led Conservatives to power in the 1984 election, Crombie became Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs, and later Secretary of State and Minister of Multiculturalism.
Frustrated in Ottawa, as a Red Tory in an increasingly conservative government, Crombie decided not to run in the 1988 election, and returned to urban affairs as head of the royal commission on the Future of Toronto's waterfront (1988–92).
The Provincial Government appointed Crombie as head of a provincial agency, the Waterfront Regeneration Trust Agency (1992-1999) to implement the 83 recommendations made in the final report, Regeneration.
Today the Great Lakes Waterfront Trail extends from Quebec to Sault Ste Marie along Canada's Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.
In 1999, Crombie founded the Waterfront Regeneration Trust, as a charity, to continue the work of the provincial agency, and serves on the Board.
In addition to leading work on the creation of the Great Lakes Waterfront Trail, the charity manages a fund for the protection and restoration of the Rouge Valley, now part of the Rouge National Urban Park.
Crombie tried to find an alternative to Red Hill Creek Expressway but the Hamilton city council dismissed his compromise proposal out of hand as being insufficient.
Crombie's successor as Liberal Minister of Health and Welfare, Monique Begin, adopted Berger's recommendations, ushering in the beginning of a change in the way in which health delivery.
Throughout the 1990s, he served in various advisory capacities to city and provincial governments relating to urban issues in the Toronto area.
In April, 2008, the Toronto District School Board selected Crombie to negotiate a solution to keep unfunded school swimming pools open to the public.
In 2014 he publicly opposed plans by the federally run Toronto Port Authority to lengthen runways at the airport on the Toronto Islands to enable Porter Airlines to expand with jet planes.
Crombie serves on the Governors' Council of the Toronto Public Library Foundation, the Honorary Council for the Loran Scholars Foundation, and the boards of CivicAction and the Planet in Focus Foundation.
A popular park named after Crombie runs from Jarvis to Berkeley, in a formerly industrial area, that was converted to housing.
The Battle of Tassafaronga, sometimes referred to as the Fourth Battle of Savo Island or, in Japanese sources, as the , was a nighttime naval battle that took place on November 30, 1942, between United States Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy warships during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
In the battle, a US force of five cruisers and four destroyers under the command of Rear Admiral Carleton H. Wright engaged eight Japanese destroyers attempting to deliver food to their forces on Guadalcanal.
The landings were meant to deny the Japanese access to bases that they could use to threaten supply routes between the US and Australia, and to secure the islands as starting points for a campaign with the eventual goal of neutralizing the major Japanese base at Rabaul while also supporting the Allied New Guinea campaign.
Reinforcements over the next two months increased the number of US troops at Lunga Point on Guadalcanal to more than 20,000.
In response to the Allied landings on Guadalcanal, the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters assigned the Imperial Japanese Army's 17th Army, a corps-sized command based at Rabaul and under the command of Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake, the task of retaking the island.
Because of the threat by CAF aircraft based at Henderson Field, the Japanese were rarely able to use large, slow transport ships or barges to deliver troops and supplies to the island; instead, they used warships based at Rabaul and the Shortland Islands to carry their forces to Guadalcanal.
Delivering the troops in this manner, however, prevented most of the soldiers' heavy equipment and supplies, such as heavy artillery, vehicles, and much food and ammunition, from being carried to Guadalcanal with them.
The Japanese attempted several times between August and November 1942 to recapture Henderson Field and drive Allied forces from Guadalcanal, to no avail.
The last attempt by the Japanese to deliver significant additional forces to the island failed during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal of November 12–15.
However, the Allied attempt to take Buna in New Guinea changed Imamura's priorities; it was considered a more severe threat to Rabaul, and Imamura postponed further major reinforcement efforts to Guadalcanal to concentrate on the situation in New Guinea.
Due to a combination of the threat from CAF aircraft, US Navy PT boats stationed at Tulagi, and a cycle of bright moonlight, the Japanese had switched to using submarines to deliver provisions to their forces on Guadalcanal.
Beginning on November 16, 1942, and continuing for the next three weeks, 16 submarines made nocturnal deliveries of foodstuffs to the island, with one submarine making the trip each night.
Each submarine could deliver 20 to 30 tons of supplies, about one day's worth of food, for the 17th Army, but the difficult task of transporting the supplies by hand through the jungle to the frontline units limited their value to sustain the Japanese troops on Guadalcanal.
At the same time, the Japanese tried to establish a chain of three bases in the central Solomons to allow small boats to use them as staging sites for making supply deliveries to Guadalcanal, but damaging Allied airstrikes on the bases forced the abandonment of this plan.
Large oil or gas drums were cleaned and filled with medical supplies and food, with enough air space to provide buoyancy, and strung together with rope.
When the destroyers arrived at Guadalcanal they would make a sharp turn, the drums would be cut loose, and a swimmer or boat from the shore could pick up the buoyed end of the rope and return it to the beach, where the soldiers could haul in the supplies.
The Eighth Fleet's Guadalcanal Reinforcement Unit, based in the Shortland Islands and under the command of Rear Admiral Raizō Tanaka, was tasked by Mikawa with making the first of five scheduled runs using the drum method on the night of November 30.
Tanaka's unit was centered on the eight ships of Destroyer Squadron (Desron) 2, with six destroyers assigned to carry from 200 to 240 drums of supplies apiece, to Tassafaronga at Guadalcanal.
To save weight, the drum-carrying destroyers left their reloads of Type 93 torpedoes (Long Lances) at the Shortlands, leaving each ship with eight torpedoes, one for each tube.
After the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, US Vice Admiral William Halsey, commander of Allied forces in the South Pacific, had reorganized US naval forces under his command, including, on November 24, the formation of Task Force 67 (TF67) at Espiritu Santo, comprising the heavy cruisers , , , and , the light cruiser , and four destroyers (, , , and ).
Upon taking command, Wright briefed his ship commanders on his plan for engaging the Japanese in future; he expected night battles around Guadalcanal.
The plan, which he had drafted with Kinkaid, stated that radar-equipped destroyers were to scout in front of the cruisers and deliver a surprise torpedo attack upon sighting Japanese warships, then vacate the area to give the cruisers a clear field of fire.
On November 29, Allied intelligence personnel intercepted and decoded a Japanese message transmitted to the 17th Army on Guadalcanal alerting them to Tanaka's supply run.
Lacking the time to brief the commanding officers of the joining destroyers of his battle plan, Wright assigned them a position behind the cruisers.
At 17:00 on November 30, Wright's cruisers launched one floatplane each for Tulagi to drop flares during the expected battle that night.
Tanaka attempted to evade Allied aerial reconnaissance aircraft by first heading northeast through Bougainville Strait before turning southeast and then south to pass through Indispensable Strait.
Paul Mason, an Australian coastwatcher stationed in southern Bougainville, reported by radio the departure of Tanaka's ships from Shortland, and this message was passed to Wright.
At 22:40, Tanaka's ships passed south of Savo about offshore from Guadalcanal and slowed to as they approached the unloading area.
Because of extremely calm seas which created a suction effect on their pontoons, Wright's cruiser floatplanes were delayed in lifting off from Tulagi harbor, and would not be a factor in the battle.
At the same time, Tanaka's ships, which were not equipped with radar, split into two groups and prepared to shove the drums overboard.
In the meantime, the US destroyers' targets escaped from an optimum firing setup ahead to a marginal position passing abeam, giving the American torpedoes a long overtaking run near the limit of their range.
Cole's four destroyers fired star shells to illuminate the targets as previously directed then increased speed to clear the area for the cruisers to operate.
Historian Russell S. Crenshaw, Jr. postulates that had the twenty-four Mark 15 torpedoes fired by US Navy destroyers during the battle not been fatally flawed, the outcome of the battle might have been different.
Meanwhile, the four destroyers at the head of the Japanese column maintained their heading down the Guadalcanal coast, allowing Wright's cruisers to pass on the opposite course.
One warhead exploded the aviation fuel storage tanks forward of turret one and the other knocked out three of the ship's four firerooms.
The bow twisted to port, damaging the ship's hull as it was wrenched free by the ship's momentum, and sank immediately off the aft port quarter.
The explosion spread flaming oil throughout the interior and across the main deck of the ship, killing 125 of the ship's crew.
The hit ripped away the port outer driveshaft and the ship took a 13-degree list and lost power, communications, and steering.
At the same time, the ship increased speed to , maneuvered radically, and successfully transited the battle area without taking any damage while maintaining main battery fire at the rapidly disappearing Japanese destroyers.
The after engine room flooded, three of four shafts ceased turning, and the ship listed 10 degrees to port and caught fire.
Cole's four destroyers circled completely around Savo Island at maximum speed and reentered the battle area, but the engagement had already ended.
The two destroyers located the burning ship at 01:00 on December 1 but abandoned rescue efforts after detecting American warships in the area.
Of her crew of 244, 48 survived to reach shore on Guadalcanal and 19 of them were captured by the Americans.
The battle was one of the worst defeats suffered by the US Navy in World War II, third only to the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Savo Island.
The battle, along with the losses suffered during the Battle of Savo Island, Cape Esperance and the Naval Battles of Guadalcanal temporarily left the US Navy with only 4 operational heavy cruisers and 9 light cruisers in the entire Pacific Ocean.
In spite of his defeat in the battle, Wright was awarded the Navy Cross, one of the highest American military decorations for bravery, for his actions during the engagement.
Mitigating to some degree the destruction of his task force, Wright, in his after-action report, claimed that his force sank four Japanese destroyers and damaged two others.
The recriminations did not affect Cole's career; he had won a Navy Cross of his own for actions during the Naval battles of Guadalcanal, and continued to lead destroyer squadrons in the Pacific, later being promoted to rear admiral.
The results of the battle led to further discussion in the US Pacific Fleet about changes in tactical doctrine and the need for technical improvements, such as flashless powder.
It was not until eight months later that the naval high command recognized there were serious problems with the functioning of the torpedoes.
The Americans were still unaware of the range and power of Japanese torpedoes and the effectiveness of Japanese night battle tactics.
In spite of their defeat in the battle, the Americans had prevented Tanaka from landing the desperately needed food supplies on Guadalcanal, albeit at high cost.
A second Japanese supply delivery attempt by 10 destroyers led by Tanaka on December 3 successfully dumped 1,500 drums of provisions off Tassafaronga, but strafing American aircraft sank all but 310 of them the next day before they could be pulled ashore.
The next night, two US PT boats torpedoed and sank the Japanese submarine as it attempted to deliver supplies to Guadalcanal.
Based on the difficulties experienced trying to deliver food to the island, the Japanese Navy informed Imamura on December 8 that they intended to stop all destroyer transportation runs to Guadalcanal immediately.
The last attempt to deliver food to Guadalcanal by destroyers in 1942 was led by Tanaka on the night of December 11 and consisted of 11 destroyers.
Despite opposition from Japanese Army leaders, who still hoped that Guadalcanal could eventually be retaken from the Allies, on December 31, 1942 Japan's Imperial General Headquarters, with approval from the Emperor, agreed to the evacuation of all Japanese forces from the island and the establishment of a new line of defense for the Solomons on New Georgia.
The Japanese evacuated their remaining forces from Guadalcanal over three nights between February 2 and February 7, 1943, conceding the hard-fought campaign to the Allies.
Building on their success at Guadalcanal and elsewhere, the Allies continued their campaign against Japan, ultimately culminating in Japan's defeat and the end of World War II.
In March 2017, following a referendum to amend the constitution of July 1991, the Mauritanian National Assembly adopted a new national anthem to replace the previous one.
The first verse and chorus are below including the sixth verse and the final chorus, the lyrics in the bracket is sung in an extended version of the anthem.
She entered Tokyo Bay the day of the formal Japanese surrender, on 2 September, and on the 3rd joined Task Force 38 (TF 38).
In May 1947, she returned to the Far East for three months on the China station, two weeks of which were spent off Chinwangtao, on the Gulf of Po Hai, observing Communist Chinese forces.
Overhaul followed her return to San Diego in June and on 4 January 1949 she departed the west coast for another tour off the China coast.
Scheduled exercises soon began, but, in addition, she was called on to lift foreign residents of Tsingtao to Hong Kong as Communist forces took over the former city in May.
She served on SAR station in the central Pacific, returned to the west coast in October, and on 2 February 1951 got underway for the embattled coast of Korea.
Between March and September she performed screening and plane guard duties for the carriers of TF 77 and carried out gunfire support and shore bombardment missions with TF 95.
She spent July entirely on the bombline, shifted briefly to TF 77, then steamed south for duty on the Taiwan Patrol.
On 15 October, while covering minesweeping operations preparatory to an amphibious feint against Kojo, north of the battlefront, one of her crew was killed and 17 were wounded by two near misses from Communist shore batteries.
Only slightly damaged, she continued her combat activities and for the remainder of her tour alternated gunfire support operations with carrier escort duties.
There six months she patrolled off the Korean coast and Taiwan Strait and participated in exercises from Japan to the Philippines.
Redesignated DD-877, on 30 September, she emerged from the Mark II overhaul and conversion in December with a new superstructure configured for QH-50 DASH.
An exedra (plural: exedras or exedrae) is a semicircular architectural recess, often crowned by a semi-dome, which is sometimes set into a building's façade or is free-standing.
The free-standing (open air) exedra, often supporting bronze portrait sculpture, is a familiar Hellenistic structure, characteristically sited along sacred ways or in open places in sanctuaries, such as at Delos or Epidaurus.
In the 1st century AD, Nero's architects incorporated exedrae throughout the planning of his Domus Aurea, enriching the volumes of the party rooms, a part of what made Nero's palace so breathtakingly pretentious to traditional Romans, for no one had ever seen domes and exedrae in a dwelling before.
An exedra was normally a public feature: when rhetoricians and philosophers disputed in a Roman gymnasium it was in an exedra opening into the peristyle that they gathered.
A basilica featured a large exedra at the far end from its entrance, where the magistrates sat, usually raised up several steps, in hearing cases.
A famous use of the exedra is in Donato Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere extension of the Vatican Palace; that exedra was initially open to the sky.
Baroque architects, (for example, Pietro da Cortona in his Villa Pigneto), used them to enrich the play of light and shade and give rein to expressive volumes; Neoclassical architects, to articulate the rhythmic pacing of a wall elevation.
A classic example of a Baroque exedra on a (comparatively) reduced scale within its context, is the central niche of the Trevi Fountain in Rome, sheltering a statue of Neptune.
During the 18th century, an exedra became a popular garden feature or folly, often used as an ornamental curved screening wall to hide another part of the garden.
Willem Verhulst or Willem van Hulst was an employee of the Dutch West India Company and the second (provisional) director of the New Netherland colony in 1625–26.
Verhulst may have consummated the purchase of Manhattan Island on behalf of the Dutch crown, although there is still considerable debate over the evidence that also supports the purchase by Peter Minuit.
In 1625, Verhulst oversaw the decision to locate the company's main fortress and town on the tip of Manhattan Island in the colony of New Netherland.
The settlement, which was given the name New Amsterdam, was the first permanent European settlement in what was later called New York City.
He brought with him the news that the colony was doing well and that Manhattan had been bought from the natives for goods valued at 60 guilders, leading some historians to propose that the otherwise obscure Verhulst oversaw this transaction.
Although, there is still significant debate over the evidence, whether Minuit or Verhulst had executed the permission of the island of Manhattan.and the traditional version of the story attributes Peter Minuit with conducting and completing the purchase.
Pocklington is perhaps best known as the owner of the Oilers and as the man who traded the rights to hockey's greatest player, Wayne Gretzky, to the Los Angeles Kings.
The book's title was inspired by Pocklington's ongoing conviction the Gretzky trade was the right deal at the right time and had a positive impact on all parties concerned: the Oilers, the Kings, Gretzky and the game itself.
Pocklington was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, to Basil Cohen Pocklington, an insurance executive who had immigrated from England as a young man, and his wife, Eileen (Dempsey), and grew up in London, Ontario.
One of his earliest business ventures was to find old cars on the farms around his maternal grandparents' home in Carberry, Manitoba, buy them for $25, then ship them to Ontario by train, where he sold them for upwards of $500.
Because of the West's dry, cold climate, the cars, many of them 25 to 40 years old, were in better shape than comparable vehicles that had been driven on Ontario's salted roads.
By 1971, when Pocklington was only 29, he left Ontario and moved west, where he bought Shirley Ford in Edmonton, Alberta.
Pocklington would come to operate several businesses over the next several years, but he has always said owning sports teams gave him the most satisfaction.
Within a year, Pocklington bought out his partner, Nelson Skalbania, who would later own the WHA team in Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Racers.
A few months later, Pocklington parlayed the Gretzky signing into a merger between the WHA and the National Hockey League (NHL).
Over the next 18 years, Pocklington also owned the Edmonton Trappers of baseball's Pacific Coast League, the Edmonton Drillers of the North American Soccer League and the National Professional Soccer League, and the Kamloops Junior Oilers of the Western Hockey League.
Edmonton in the 1970s was experiencing explosive growth fuelled by an oil boom and several fortunes were made, not only by Pocklington but by the likes of Pat Bowlen, later owner of the National Football League's Denver Broncos.
The other two people in the house were released, leaving Pocklington, who was with the gunman for 11 hours while he negotiated a $2 million ransom.
However, before the ransom could be paid, police snuck into the house and shot both Petrović and Pocklington, wounding both men.
They each made a full recovery and Petrović served five years in an Alberta prison before he was released and returned to Yugoslavia.
He campaigned on a platform of free trade with the United States, privatizing government-owned Crown corporations like Air Canada, Petro-Canada and Canadian National Railway, retiring the national debt and implementing a flat tax.
He withdrew his candidacy before the second ballot and supported the eventual winner Brian Mulroney, who would adopt some of Pocklington's policies while in government.
Among his gifts were $1.5 million he helped raise for the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; $1 million for the Jamie Platz YMCA; $300,000 for the Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic at the University of Alberta; $250,000 to establish a free-enterprise chair at the University of Alberta's School of Business; and upwards of $2 million for Junior Achievement.
It was through his charitable works that he became close friends with famed tenor Luciano Pavarotti, former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, and former U.S. presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush.
He remains active in business and philanthropic pursuits there, and was for a long time member of the board of directors at the Betty Ford Center.
On October 8, 2014, Pocklington was invited back to Edmonton when the Oilers organized a 30-year reunion of their first Stanley Cup championship team.
Prime interest rates in the early 1980s topped out at 18.5 per cent, a development that sapped the oil boom of its strength, collapsed the real estate market and sank Fidelity Trust in a sea of declining property values.
But perhaps Pocklington's most notorious setback was the result of a six-month strike with the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) union that crippled Gainers, which at the time was Canada's second-largest meat packer.
Pocklington used strikebreakers, primarily from Quebec, to keep the plant operating despite the picket lines, a decision that earned him the enmity of Canada's labour movement.
In return, says Pocklington in his biography, then-Premier of Alberta Don Getty agreed to give Gainers an interest-free loan of $50 million.
Gainers would give the province 10% of its operating profit every year for the next four years, and repay a conventional mortgage after that.
Pocklington also insisted the province disband its pork marketing board, which fixed prices on pork at a rate higher than what the meat packers could sell it in the marketplace.
Crippled with a debt-servicing cost it did not anticipate and handicapped by inflated production costs created by the marketing board, Gainers immediately began to drown in debt.
The province lost $89 million on the venture in the four years it operated Gainers — more than double the rate of loss in Pocklington's last few years at the helm — and eventually sold the company for 1/20th of the price Pocklington paid for it 11 years earlier.
After the Edmonton Oilers won their first Stanley Cup in 1983–84, Peter Pocklington included his father, Basil Pocklington, on the list of people and players who were to have their names engraved on the trophy.
After this error, the NHL and Hockey Hall of Fame adopted policies to confirm the roster and the relation of the people on the engraving list to the championship team.
On August 9, 1988, Pocklington shocked hockey fans by trading Gretzky to the Los Angeles Kings for Jimmy Carson, Martin Gélinas, $15 million cash, and the Kings' first-round draft picks in 1989, 1991 and 1993.
A book by former Kings owner Bruce McNall quotes Pocklington as saying Gretzky had become impossible to deal with since he began dating Jones, who let it be known that she was not going to live in Edmonton after they got married.
Pocklington claims he has had only nice things to say about the couple, yet he has repeatedly defended the trade as being a sound business decision that he would not hesitate to make again.
However, he would later admit the trade to be a difficult and regrettable decision, but nevertheless a vital transaction to keep the team financially afloat.
By the late 1980s, increasing player salaries led the Oilers to trade Gretzky and other stars, such as Paul Coffey, Mark Messier, Jari Kurri, Glenn Anderson, Kevin Lowe and Grant Fuhr.
By the mid-1990s, the Oilers were still losing money and Pocklington expressed an unwillingness to use his other businesses to bankroll his hockey team.
In May 2012, Pocklington announced his family was auctioning memorabilia from his time as owner of the Oilers, including his rings from their Stanley Cup championships.
In 2008, an anonymous bidder offered $272,829 for the rings, but withdrew his bid amid rumours the rings were not the only set Pocklington had commissioned.
Pocklington later claimed in his biography the confusion stemmed from a set of rings he had made for his father, and were sold by his father’s estate in 2001.
Pocklington invested in several businesses in the U.S., including the nutraceutical maker Naturade, and golf club manufacturers Golf Gear and Sonartec.
However, those investments yielded more heartache than profit, and what he claims was fiduciary malfeasance by some partners in these ventures left Pocklington the target of numerous lawsuits.
Marshals of the Pocklington home in Indian Wells, California, where a number of items belonging to his wife, including gowns, shoes and purses, as well as Andy Warhol prints of Mick Jagger, were seized.
In the prior events leading up to Peter Pocklington's exoneration and vindication for the improper extension of probation, a California judge failed to provide warrant before the expiration of the probationary period.
The court had earlier heard evidence that Pocklington had, over a 19-month period, failed to disclose consulting fees paid to a company controlled by his wife.
On December 6, 2013, the CBC reported Pocklington would appeal his sentence, had been released on $100,000 bail and would not be reporting to prison as ordered.
In April 2012, investigators with the Arizona Corporation Commission alleged Pocklington and an associate, John McNeil, had engaged in securities fraud related to Crystal Pistol Resources LLC and Liberty Bell Resources 1, LLC.
Pocklington vigorously denied the allegations, insisted he and McNeil had done nothing wrong, and that investors in the mining venture were not being misled.
On June 4, 2013, a decision rendered by the Arizona Corporations Commission ordered the respondents to pay the commission $5,149,316, and an administrative penalty for $100,000.
On October 8, 2014, Pocklington was the focus of a media opportunity organized by the Edmonton Oilers Hockey Club to promote the 30-year reunion of the 1984 Stanley Cup championship team.
His comment resulted in a social media storm that continued until his appearance at the October 10 Edmonton Oilers 1985 Stanley Cup Reunion at Rexall Place in Edmonton.
As a result, he no longer drives and requires others to assist in reading memos or other business correspondence to him.
In recent times Sweden has developed greater tolerance for risk and failure as a result of severe recession in the early 1990s.
In Finland the band has also toured with Nile, Misery Index and Grave as well as supported Obituary, Napalm Death and Vader at one-off shows.
Singer Harri Lastu also left the band in the late summer of 2002, due to personal issues and was soon replaced by '105' (Teijo Hakkola).
Drummer Arttu Romo and guitarist Jyrki Häkkinen left the band shortly after the release and session drummer Timo Häkkinen was hired to play on the debut full-length album, which was to be recorded in the fall.
After its release in March 2004 the band played a short Scandinavian tour with Rotten Sound and Defleshed with another session drummer, Sami Järvinen.
Sotajumala entered studio once more in late summer 2007 to record their sophomore full-length, Teloitus which was released in October 2007.
To support Teloitus Sotajumala played many shows in Finland, including a four show mini-tour with Nile and Deathchain (December 2007), Finnish Metal Expo (February 2008), Tuska Open Air Metal Festival (June 2008), Pellavarock and Jalometalli Metal Music Festival (August 2008) as well as numerous shows with local bands.
As of December 2008 the band was writing material for a new full-length and announced that they will try not to play any shows before the album is completed.
In Sotajumala's case this usually doesn't work as evident by their performance at Jalometalli Winterfest in February supporting Napalm Death already in February 2009.
He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Progressive Conservative in the 1979 federal election defeating then Liberal incumbent Barney Danson and re-elected in the 1980 election, representing the riding of York North.
He became so unpopular that he was one of only two Progressive Conservative Members of Parliament to lose their seat in the 1984 general election, which produced a Progressive Conservative landslide, the largest majority in the history of the Canadian House of Commons.
Gamble was defeated by independent candidate Tony Roman, who was supported by Liberals dissatisfied with their candidate and Tories who wanted to defeat Gamble.
After failing to win a nomination as a Progressive Conservative candidate for the new riding of Markham, Gamble ran as an independent in the 1988 election, winning less than five percent of the vote losing to Progressive Conservative candidate Bill Attewell.
On May 31, 1993, Gamble won the Reform Party's nomination in Don Valley West for the 1993 federal election, but was expelled by the party (Gamble was replaced by Julian Pope who lost to John Godfrey) prior to the election because of his links to far-right extremists such as Paul Fromm, Ron Gostick, Wolfgang Droege, and the Heritage Front.
Gamble was born in Perth and became a tax lawyer before his political career and was director of the Unionville Home Society.
The municipality was founded on November 11, 1977, when Barangays Gatub and Bagong Kahayag of the Municipality of Kumalarang and Barangays Lakewood, Bolalawan, Sebugay, Bisuangan, Lokoan, Backing, Dagum, Sapang Pinolis, Tubod, Gasa, Tiwales and Matalang of the Municipality of Lapuyan were separated and formed into an independent municipality named after Lake Wood, a large lake on which the poblacion is located.
The Subanen tribe is the major ethnic group living in the suburban areas; they cultivate vegetables and corn for their own use.
The Lily's Hidden Spring in the upper part of Tubod, and Mainit Waterfall in the lower part of Gatub are among Lakewood's tourist attractions.
The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) is legislation proposed in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity by employers with at least 15 employees.
The bill gained its best chance at passing after the Democratic Party gained the majority after twelve years of Republican majorities in the 2006 midterm elections.
Some sponsors believed that even with a Democratic majority, ENDA did not have enough votes to pass the House of Representatives with transgender inclusion and dropped it from the bill, which passed the House and then died in the Senate.
In 2009, following Democratic gains in the 2008 elections, and after the divisiveness of the 2007 debate, Rep. Barney Frank introduced a transgender-inclusive version of ENDA.
In states that have anti-discrimination policies in place, LGBT complaints are equivalent to the number of complaints filed based on sex and fewer than the number of complaints filed based on race.
The Williams Institute estimates the number of LGBT employees as follows: 7 million private sector employees, 1 million state and local employees, and 200,000 employees of the federal government.
In comparison, less than half of one half of one percent of LGBT state and local employees live in Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming combined.
As one might expect, many of the documented complaints of discrimination by state and local governments against LGBT employees are in California and New York.
Surveys that seek to document discrimination on the basis of perceived sexual orientation and/or gender identity are often conducted with a pool of self identified LGBT people, making it difficult to ascertain the impact of this type of discrimination on non-LGBT individuals.
One source of evidence for hiring discrimination against openly gay men comes from a field experiment that sent two fictitious but realistic resumes to roughly 1,700 entry-level job openings.
The two resumes were very similar in terms of the applicant's qualifications, but one resume for each opening mentioned that the applicant had been part of a gay organization in college.
The results showed that applicants without the gay signal had an 11.5 percent chance of being called for an interview; openly gay applicants had only a 7.2 percent chance.
Most of the overall gap detected in the study was driven by the Southern and Midwestern states in the sample – Texas, Florida, and Ohio.
The Western and Northeastern states in the sample (California, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and New York) had only small and statistically insignificant callback gaps.
A survey of transgender and gender non-conforming people conducted by the National Center for Transgender Equality found 90 percent of respondents experienced harassment, mistreatment, or discrimination on the job or took actions like hiding who they are to avoid it.
In comparison, a review of studies conducted by the Williams Institute in 2007 found that transgender people experienced employment discrimination at a rate 15 to 57 percent.
In a survey conducted by Harris Interactive, 38 percent of LGBT people report incomes less than $35,000, compared to 33 percent of all U.S. adults over age 18.
The current version of the bill under consideration in Congress prohibits private employers with more than 15 employees from discriminating on the basis of some sexual orientations or gender identity.
All versions of the bill, irrespective of the military's changing policies with respect to service by open gays and lesbians, have provided an exclusion for the military as an employer of members of the armed forces, though not as an employer of civilians.
Since the 111th Congress, the legislation has included language to prevent any reading of the law as a modification of the federal definition of marriage established in the Defense of Marriage Act (1995).
Since the 110th Congress, a related provision aimed at non-marital legal relations like civil unions and domestic partnerships prevents requiring an employer to treat unmarried and married couples similarly.
Its level of support in the Senate may have represented an attempt by some to compensate for their recent support of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages.
These early versions of ENDA did not include provisions to protect transgender people from discrimination and ENDA was not introduced in the 109th Congress.
In the 110th United States Congress there were two versions of the bill, both of which provided employment protections similar to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
When that bill died in committee, Frank introduced on September 27, 2007, which did not include gender identity and contained exemptions concerning employer dress codes.
It was endorsed by the Education and Labor Committee on October 18 and the House of Representatives passed it on November 7, 2007, by a vote of 235 to 184, with 14 members not voting.
They claimed that failure to include gender identity/expression weakened the protection for the portion of the LGBT population that most needed its protections: gender non-conforming people, who they claimed are discriminated against in greater numbers than their gender-conforming compatriots.
Others argued that this was ENDA's best chance of passing Congress in thirty years, that civil rights victories have historically been incremental, that concerns about the legislation's protections were unfounded, and that forgoing a chance to provide immediate workplace protections to millions of lesbians, gays and bisexuals was politically and morally wrong.
Republican Main Street Partnership members Mark Kirk (R-IL), Mike Castle (R-DE), Todd Russell Platts (R-PA), Judy Biggert (R-IL), and Leonard Lance (R-NJ) were among the original cosponsors.
The bill was referred to the House Education and Labor Committee, which held a hearing on the legislation on September 23, 2009.
On August 5, 2009, Sen. Jeff Merkley introduced ENDA legislation () that included gender identity, with 38 original cosponsors including Sens.
As of March 13, 2010, S. 1584 had 45 co-sponsors and was pending before the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee, which held a hearing on the legislation on November 5, 2009.
On April 6, 2011, Frank introduced an ENDA bill () in the House to ban workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
On June 19, 2012, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions held a hearing on the bill, the first such hearing to include testimony by a transgender witness.
On April 25, 2013, Representative Jared Polis (D-CO) introduced an ENDA bill in the House () and Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced an ENDA bill in the Senate ().
A cloture vote succeeded in the Senate on November 4, 2013, with 61 voting in favor and 30 against, allowing the Senate to schedule a vote.
Republican Senators Kelly Ayotte (NH), Susan Collins (ME), Orrin Hatch (UT), Dean Heller (NV), Mark Kirk (IL), Rob Portman (OH), and Pat Toomey (PA) voted for cloture, joining 52 of 53 Democratic senators and both independent senators.
After rejecting by a vote of 43–55 an amendment by Senator Toomey to expand the religious exemptions and accepting by unanimous voice vote an amendment by Senator Portman to prevent government retaliation against religious institutions, the Senate approved ENDA on November 7, 2013, on a 64–32 vote.
Arizona Republicans Jeff Flake and John McCain unexpectedly joined Sen. Murkowski and the seven Republicans who had supported three days earlier.
Both independents and 52 of 53 Democrats again supported the measure, with McCaskill present but Pennsylvania Senator Bob Casey, who supported the bill's passage, absent.
In the House, on September 17, 2014, Representative Polis filed a discharge petition, that, if signed by a majority of the House membership, would force a vote on the version of ENDA with a narrow religious exemption.
Later that day, the House Rules Committee voted 7 to 3 against adding ENDA as an amendment to the 2015 defense authorization bill.
From the 114th Congress onwards, efforts to pass non-discrimination legislation has focused on the broader Equality Act which focuses on additional protections including in housing and the jury system as well as employment.
Political proponents of the law intend it to address cases where gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender employees have been discriminated against by their employers because of their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Currently, these employees are unable to find protection in the courts because sexual orientation is not considered to be a suspect class by the federal courts and by many U.S. states.
Proponents argue that such a law is appropriate in light of the United States Constitution's guarantees of equal protection and due process to all.
According to a study published in 2001 by the Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law, reports of discrimination based on sexual orientation are roughly equal to those on race or gender.
The Congressional Budget Office in 2002 estimated that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's complaint caseload would rise by 5 to 7% as a result of the proposed law.
Regarding constitutionality, the act incorporates language similar to that of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which has consistently been upheld by the courts.
In 1994, Barry Goldwater, a hero among the conservative and libertarian movements, became honorary chairman of a drive to pass a federal law preventing job discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
Ed Vitagliano, director of research for the American Family Association (AFA), expressed concern about the impact of anti-discrimination laws on religious organizations.
He cited a lack of clarity around whether the narrow exemption would apply to support staff and lay employees in addition to churches and clergy.
The Traditional Values Coalition (TVC) has claimed that the legislation would have a negative impact on school children by eliminating schools' ability to avoid hiring transgender teachers.
Some Libertarians argue that laws against private sector discrimination are acts of coercion that infringe on employers' property rights and freedom of association.
From the 114th Congress onwards, efforts to pass non-discrimination legislation has focused on the broader Equality Act which focuses on additional protections including in housing and the jury system as well as employment.
John Newton Cooper CBE (17 July 1923 – 24 December 2000) was a co-founder, with his father Charles Cooper, of the Cooper Car Company.
Born in Surbiton, Surrey, United Kingdom, he became an auto racing legend with his rear-engined chassis design that would eventually change the face of the sport at its highest levels, from Formula One to the Indianapolis 500.
His son John left school at age 15 to become an apprentice toolmaker and served in the Royal Air Force as an instrument maker in World War II.
The cars were extremely successful and quickly in high demand, and in 1948, they founded their own company to build more.
In stereotypical British fashion, Cooper always downplayed the story about how they decided to put the engine in the back of their racing cars, insisting it was a matter of convenience.
The original design for the first rear-engined Cooper racing car was drawn up by Owen Maddock, a designer employed by Cooper Car Company.
Initially, John raced his own cars on a regular basis, but as the company grew, he found less time available to compete.
In the early 1950s, it seemed as if every aspiring young British racing driver began behind the wheel of a Cooper, and Cooper's Formula One cars were driven by the legendary drivers of the time – Jack Brabham, Stirling Moss, Maurice Trintignant, and Bruce McLaren.
In a nine-year period, the team took 16 Grand Prix wins, as Brabham and the team won back-to-back World Championships in 1959 and 1960.
While in Sebring, Florida, for the 1959 United States Grand Prix, Cooper got to know American driver Rodger Ward, the reigning USAC national champion and Indianapolis 500 winner.
When Brabham, an Indy rookie, began his warmup laps, he was unaware of the requirement to gradually build up his speed on the track.
From that point, the Indianapolis establishment realised the writing was on the wall and the days of their front-engined roadsters were numbered.
Cooper's development of the British Motor Corporation Mini – the Mini Cooper – was adored by both rally racers and ordinary road drivers.
Before John Cooper's death, the Cooper name was licensed to BMW for the higher-performance versions of the cars, inspired by the original Mini, sold as the MINI.
Cooper was the last surviving Formula One team principal from the formative years of the sport, and he often lamented later in life that the fun had long since gone out of racing.
He helped establish Britain's domination of motorsport technology, which continues today, and he received the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to British motorsport.
He remained head of the West Sussex family garage business (which had outlets for Mini Cooper at East Preston and Honda at Ferring) until his death at age 77 in 2000.
Neil Fraser (born ) is a Canadian former civil servant who came to prominence for his crusade against the Metric system of weights and measures in the early 1980s, which resulted in him being fired from his post in the Department of National Revenue on February 23, 1982.
Fraser fought his dismissal with the Public Service Staff Relations Board in April 1982, but the board ruled that his dismissal was justified.
The Court dismissed Fraser's appeal, agreeing that while public servants are allowed to express some degree of government criticism, it is possible to go so far as to impair your ability to do the job properly.
To promote his campaign against the Metric system, he ran as a candidate for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada at the 1983 leadership convention.
Granted the same nationally televised 25 minutes as the other candidates for his convention address, Fraser engaged in a bizarre speech that likened Confederation to a blood transfusion to Quebec.
Lise Bissonnette commented that if the speech had been heard on Radio-Canada, it would have set the Tories' Quebec efforts back 10 years.
The songs are mostly written (in Finnish) by the instrumentalists themselves (much as in the case of Cannibal Corpse, one of their avowed influences), as vocalist 105 (aka Teijo Hakkola) only figures into the songwriting on one track.
In 1806, while managing a bookstore in Paris, he published the idea of geometrical interpretation of complex numbers known as the Argand diagram and is known for the first rigorous proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
Since his knowledge of mathematics was self-taught and he did not belong to any mathematical organizations, he likely pursued mathematics as a hobby rather than a profession.
In this essay he was also the first to propose the idea of modulus to indicate the magnitude of vectors and complex numbers, as well as the notation for vectors formula_1.
It was the first complete and rigorous proof of the theorem, and was also the first proof to generalize the fundamental theorem of algebra to include polynomials with complex coefficients.
John Sherman Cooper (August 23, 1901 – February 21, 1991) was an American politician, jurist, and diplomat from the U.S. state of Kentucky.
He served three non-consecutive, partial terms in the United States Senate before being elected to two full terms in 1960 and 1966.
He was the first Republican to be popularly elected to more than one term as a senator from Kentucky and, in both 1960 and 1966, he set records for the largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate from either party.
During World War II, he earned the Bronze Star Medal for reorganizing the Bavarian judicial system after the allied victory in Europe.
He returned home to accept the judgeship, which he held for less than a year before resigning to seek election to A.
He won the seat by 41,823 votes, the largest victory margin by any Republican for any office in Kentucky up to that time.
He was defeated in his re-election bid in 1948, after which he accepted an appointment by President Harry S. Truman as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly and served as a special assistant to Secretary of State Dean Acheson during the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Cooper lost the general election and was appointed Ambassador to India by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1955. Cooper gained the confidence of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and dramatically improved relations between the U.S. and the recently independent state of India, helping rebuff Soviet hopes of expanding communism in Asia.
Newly elected President John F. Kennedy – Cooper's former Senate colleague – chose Cooper to conduct a secret fact-finding mission to Moscow and New Delhi.
Cooper soon became an outspoken opponent of Johnson's decision to escalate U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War, consistently advocating negotiation with the North Vietnamese instead.
After Cooper's re-election in 1966, he worked with Idaho Democrat Frank Church on a series of amendments designed to de-fund further U.S. military operations in the region.
These amendments were hailed as the first serious attempt by Congress to curb presidential authority over military operations during an ongoing war.
His last acts of public service were as Ambassador to East Germany from 1974 to 1976 and as an alternate delegate to the United Nations in 1981.
The Cooper family had been prominent in the Somerset area since brothers Malachi and Edward Cooper migrated from South Carolina along the Wilderness Trail and through the Cumberland Gap around 1790, shortly after Daniel Boone.
The family was very active in local politics; six of Cooper's ancestors, including his father, were elected county judges in Pulaski County, and two had been circuit judges.
At the time of John Sherman Cooper's birth, his father was serving as collector of internal revenue in Kentucky's 8th congressional district, a position to which he had been appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt.
Despite having formerly served as county school superintendent, Cooper's father had a low opinion of the public schools, and until he was in the fifth grade, Cooper was privately tutored by a neighbor.
While his father was away on business in Texas, his mother sent him to sixth grade at the public school, which he attended thereafter.
Coached by Charley Moran, the team was undefeated in four games in the 1918 season, which was shortened by an outbreak of the Spanish flu.
Although Centre was known as one of Kentucky's foremost colleges, Cooper's father wanted him to broaden his education and, after one year at Centre, Cooper transferred to Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut.
Cooper was active in many extracurricular activities at Yale, including the Sophomore German Committee, the Junior Promenade Committee, the Student Council, the Class Day Committee, the Southern Club, the University Club, and Beta Theta Pi.
A member of the Undergraduate Athletic Association, he played football and basketball, becoming the first person in Yale history to be named captain of the basketball team in his junior and senior years.
In his senior year, he was accepted into the elite Skull and Bones society but regretted not being accepted into Phi Beta Kappa.
During the summer break of 1924, he returned to Kentucky, where his father, dying of Bright's disease, told him that he would soon become the head of the family, and that most of the family's resources had been lost in the economic recession of the early 1920s.
Cooper returned to Harvard after his father's death, but soon discovered that he could not simultaneously pursue a law degree and manage his family's affairs.
Over the next 20 years, he sold his father's remaining assets, paid off the family debts, and financed a college education for his six siblings.
After being urged into politics by his uncle, Judge Roscoe Tartar, Cooper ran unopposed for a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives as a Republican in 1927.
As a member of the House, he was one of only three Republicans to oppose Republican Governor Flem D. Sampson's unsuccessful attempt to politicize the state department of health; the measure failed by a single vote.
Cooper supported the governor's plan to provide free textbooks for the state's school children and sponsored legislation to prohibit judges from issuing injunctions to end labor strikes, although the latter bill did not pass.
He reportedly became so depressed by the poverty and suffering of his constituents during the Great Depression that he had a nervous breakdown and took a leave of absence to seek psychiatric treatment.
As a result of a mandatory primary election law passed in 1935, the Republican nominee would not be chosen by a nominating convention, as was typical for the party.
Cooper garnered only 36% of the vote in the primary, losing the nomination to King Swope, a Lexington circuit court judge and former congressman.
Although well above the draft age at 41 years old, Cooper enlisted for service in the United States Army in World War II in 1942.
In 1943, he was commissioned a second lieutenant and assigned to the XV Corps of General George Patton's Third Army as a courier in the military police.
After liberating the Buchenwald concentration camp, Patton ordered the entire population of the nearby city of Weimar to go through it and observe the conditions; Cooper also viewed the camp at that time.
Following the cessation of hostilities, Cooper served as a legal advisor for the 300,000 displaced persons in his unit's occupation zone seeking repatriation after being brought to Germany as slaves by the Nazis.
Under the terms of the agreement reached at the Yalta Conference, all displaced Russian nationals were to be returned to the Soviet Union, but Soviet negotiators decided that the agreement did not apply to non-Russian spouses and children of the nationals.
Cooper also oversaw the reorganization of the 239 courts in the German state of Bavaria in an attempt to replace all the Nazi officials, for which he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal.
Among the judges installed by Cooper were Wilhelm Hoegner, future Minister-President of Bavaria, and Ludwig Erhard, the future Chancellor of Germany.
Cooper was elected without opposition as circuit judge of Kentucky's twenty-eighth judicial district in 1945, despite still being in Germany and not campaigning for the office.
He was discharged from the Army with the rank of captain in February 1946 and returned to Kentucky to assume the judgeship.
Of the first 16 opinions he issued during his time on the bench, 15 were upheld by the Kentucky Court of Appeals, Kentucky's court of last resort at the time.
However, Brown had alienated Chandler's supporters in the Democratic Party during a hotly contested senatorial primary between Brown and Chandler in 1942, and this group worked against his election in 1946.
With these two factors working against Brown, Cooper won the election to fill Chandler's unexpired term by 41,823 votes, the largest victory margin by any Republican for any office in Kentucky up to that time.
In the first roll-call vote of his career, he opposed transferring investigatory powers to Republican Owen Brewster's special War Investigating Committee.
A few days after being sworn in, Cooper co-sponsored his first piece of legislation, a bill to provide federal aid for education.
Cooper was made chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Public Roads, and helped draft a bill authorizing $900 million in federal funds to states for highway construction.
He insisted on an amendment to the War Claims Act of 1948 that benefits to veterans injured as prisoners of war of the Germans and Japanese during World War II be paid immediately using enemy assets.
He voted against putting union welfare funds under government control, but helped to pass an amendment forbidding compulsory union membership for workers.
Cooper continued his independence from his party throughout his term, vocally opposing Republican plans to cut taxes despite record national budget deficits and resisting the party's efforts to reduce funding for the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe in the aftermath of the war.
He worked with fellow Kentuckian Alben Barkley and Oregon Senator Wayne Morse to undermine Jim Crow laws enacted by the states and remove obstacles to suffrage for minorities.
Although he had voted with the Republicans just 51% of the time during his partial term – the lowest average of any member of the party – Cooper headed the Kentucky delegation to the 1948 Republican National Convention.
Cooper himself was mentioned as a possible candidate for vice-president, but ultimately did not receive the nomination and sought re-election to his Senate seat instead.
Cooper was opposed in his re-election bid by Democratic Congressman Virgil M. Chapman, an ally of Earle C. Clements, who had been elected governor in 1947.
As one of only a few Democrats who had voted in favor of the Taft–Hartley Act, Chapman had lost the support of organized labor, a key constituency for the Democrats.
Both Barkley and Clements stressed party unity during the campaign, and although Cooper polled much better than the Republican presidential ticket, he ultimately lost to Chapman in the general election by 24,480 votes.
Secretary of State Dean Acheson chose Cooper as his advisor to meetings that created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and at meetings of the NATO Council of Ministers in London in May 1950 and Brussels in December 1950.
Political historian Glenn Finch observed that, while Cooper was well-qualified for his duties at the U.N. and NATO, his presence abroad also made him less available to campaign for the Senate seat vacated by Barkley's elevation to the vice-presidency.
Speculation was raised that Clements, who won Barkley's old seat in a special election in 1950, may have influenced Truman and Acheson to make the appointments.
Cooper's supporters believed he would again seek the governorship of Kentucky or be appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States in the early 1950s; some even formed a committee to elect Cooper president.
Cooper considered running for governor in 1951, but when Chapman was killed in an automobile accident on March 8, 1951, he decided to make another run for the Senate against Thomas R. Underwood, Governor Lawrence Wetherby's appointee to fill the vacancy.
They now feared that the election of a Republican would allow that party to organize the Senate, giving key committee chairmanships to isolationists opposed to continued US involvement in the Korean War.
His victory marked the first time in Kentucky's history that a Republican had been elected to the Senate more than once.
He also supported the reconstruction of the locks and dams along the Ohio River and the construction of locks, dams, and reservoirs in the Green River Valley.
He opposed the Dixon-Yates contract, which would have paid a private company to construct a new power station to generate power for the city of Memphis, Tennessee, calling instead for authorization for the Tennessee Valley Authority to issue bonds to finance the construction of new power stations.
He supported a comprehensive program benefiting the coal industry and cosponsored a bill to extending public library services to rural areas.
During the Red Scare, he was critical of attempts to permit illegal wiretap evidence in federal courts and attempts to reduce the protections against self-incrimination granted by the Fifth Amendment.
He also opposed the Submerged Lands Act and the Mexican Farm Labor bill, both of which were supported by the Eisenhower administration.
He denounced Eisenhower's appointment of Albert M. Cole, an open opponent of public housing, as Federal Housing Administrator and opposed many of the agricultural reforms proposed by Eisenhower's Agriculture Secretary, Ezra Taft Benson.
Democrats first considered Governor Wetherby as his opponent, but Wetherby's candidacy would have drawn a primary challenger from the Happy Chandler faction of the Democratic Party, possibly leading to a party split and Cooper's re-election.
Instead, party leaders convinced former Vice President Barkley, now 77 years old, to run for the seat in order to ensure party unity.
There were few policy differences between Barkley and Cooper, who had been deemed the most liberal Republican in the Senate by Americans for Democratic Action.
During his time as a delegate for the United Nations, Cooper had met Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and established a cordial working relationship with the Indian delegation, including Nehru's sister Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
The Indians had been impressed with Cooper and the Indian government had expressed their desire that Cooper serve as their ambassador from the U.S. Cooper initially rejected the offer of the Indian ambassadorship from Secretary of State John Foster Dulles but was convinced to accept it by a personal request from President Eisenhower.
U.S.–India relations were strained, however, because of India's recognition of Communist China, its opposition to the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), and its resistance to foreign interference in Indochina.
Twice divorced, Shevlin was the daughter of a wealthy California real estate developer, step-daughter of Vatican official Prince Domenico Orsini, and a well-known socialite.
The two had dated for much of the 1950s, but Cooper was hesitant to marry because he had doubts about moving into Shevlin's elaborate Georgetown home.
The move to India removed this barrier, and Secretary of State Dulles encouraged Cooper to marry her before leaving so that the U.S. embassy in New Delhi might have a proper hostess.
On April 4, 1955, the couple stopped in England on their way to India to visit with Louis Mountbatten, the last Governor-General of India prior to India's achieving its independence.
Cooper labored to help officials in Washington, D.C. understand that India's reluctance to align with either the West or the Communists in China and the Soviet Union was their way of exercising their newly won independence.
At the same time, he defended the U.S. military buildup after World War II, its involvement in the Korean War, and its membership in mutual security pacts like NATO and SEATO as self-defense measures, not aggressive actions by the U.S. government, as the Indians widely perceived them.
Cooper condemned the Eisenhower administration's decision to sell weapons to Pakistan, which was resented by the Indians, but also felt that the Indian government took some political positions without regard to their moral implications.
In a joint communiqué dated December 2, 1955, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles and Portuguese Foreign Minister Paulo Cunha condemned statements made by Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin and Soviet Party Chairman Nikita Khrushchev during an eighteen-day tour of India.
Although most European nations with holdings near India had granted them to the new independent nation in 1947, Portugal refused to surrender Goa, and the region had become a source of conflict between the two nations.
The joint communiqué seemed to indicate U.S. recognition of Portuguese sovereignty in Goa, which undercut Cooper's assurances to the Indians of U.S. neutrality in the matter.
Cooper himself did not know about the communiqué until he read an account of it in the Indian media and was therefore unprepared to offer an explanation for it when asked by the Indian Foreign Secretary.
On December 6, Dulles held a news conference during which he reaffirmed U.S. neutrality on the Goa issue, but did not recant claims of Portuguese sovereignty over the region.
Prime Minister Nehru announced his intent to file a formal protest with the United States over the communiqué and to address the Indian Parliament about the matter.
Cooper became even more upset with Dulles when Dulles authorized withholding $10 million of a $50 million aid package to India; Cooper protested the withholding, and Dulles decided to pay the full amount.
Throughout the early part of 1956, Cooper strongly advocated that the U.S. respect Indian nonalignment and increase economic aid to the country.
In August 1956, Congress approved a financial aid package for India that included the largest sale up to that point of surplus agricultural products by the United States to any country.
Cooper's persistence in requesting such aid was critical in getting the package approved, as it was opposed by many administration officials, including Under Secretary of State Herbert Hoover, Jr., Treasury Secretary George M. Humphrey, and International Cooperation Administration Director John B. Hollister.
Republican leaders encouraged Cooper to return from India and seek the seat, but Cooper was reluctant to give up his ambassadorship.
Even after leaving India, he maintained close ties with the country's leaders and was the official U.S. representative at the funerals of Prime Minister Nehru in 1964, Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966, and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984.
Because Barkley's death occurred after the filing deadline for the November elections, the Democratic State Central Committee had to choose a nominee for the now-open seat.
After unsuccessfully attempting to find a compromise candidate that both the Clements and Chandler factions could support, they chose Lawrence Wetherby, whose term as governor had recently expired.
Chandler, now serving his second term as governor, was angered by the choice of Wetherby, and most members of his faction either gave Wetherby lukewarm support or outright supported Cooper instead.
In 1959, he challenged Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen to become the Republican floor leader in the Senate, but lost by four votes.
Cooper had the support of organized labor and benefitted from a large segment of Kentuckians who voted for Republican Richard M. Nixon over Democrat John F. Kennedy as a reaction against Kennedy's Catholicism in the 1960 presidential election.
Shortly after his election as president in 1960, Kennedy chose Cooper to conduct a then-secret mission to Moscow and New Delhi to assess the attitudes of the Soviet government for the new administration.
After meeting with Secretary Khrushchev, Kennedy confirmed to Cooper that his report had been correct and confessed that he should have taken it even more seriously.
Cooper supported Kennedy's decision to resume nuclear weapons testing after the Soviets resumed their testing in March 1962, but he urged Kennedy to negotiate an agreement with the Soviets if possible.
He proposed the establishment of a Senate Select Committee on Standards and Conduct in July 1964 and was named to that committee in July 1965.
Also in 1965, he was chosen advisor to the United States delegation to the Manila Conference that established the Asian Development Bank.
An advocate for small businesses and agricultural interests, Cooper opposed an April 1965 bill that expanded the powers of the Federal Trade Commission to regulate cigarette advertising.
In March 1966, he proposed an amendment to a mine safety bill supported by the United Mine Workers of America that would have nullified provisions of the bill if they were not shown to contribute to the safety of small mines, but his amendment was defeated.
Cooper voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968, as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Although Cooper voted in favor of the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, he opposed escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
As early as April 1964, Cooper was urging President Johnson to negotiate a peaceful settlement to the tensions in Southeast Asia.
He questioned Southeast Asia's strategic importance to the U.S. and expressed concerns about the feasibility of deploying the U.S. military on a global scale.
On March 25, 1965, he joined New York Senator Jacob Javits in a call for President Johnson to begin negotiations for a settlement between North Vietnam and South Vietnam without imposing preconditions on the negotiations.
Later in the day, he introduced resolutions calling for Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara to brief the full Senate on recent developments in Vietnam.
This visit, along with visits to South Vietnam in December 1965 and January 1966, reinforced Cooper's opposition to military operations in Southeast Asia.
In a meeting with President Johnson on January 26, 1966, he again urged the president to forgo his announced intentions to resume bombing missions in North Vietnam and negotiate a settlement instead.
Johnson was noncommittal, and that afternoon, Cooper returned to the Senate floor, urgently trying to convince the legislators that negotiation was preferable to escalation, even when it meant negotiating with the Viet Cong fighters in South Vietnam, which he believed was necessary to achieve peace.
Cooper advocated a three-to-five-year cease fire, enforced by the United Nations, followed by national elections as prescribed by the 1954 Geneva Convention.
Brown, Sr., by 217,000 votes, breaking his own record of largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate, and carrying the vote of 110 of Kentucky's 120 counties.
In the lead-up to the 1968 Republican presidential primary, he endorsed New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller, saying that Americans would only support a candidate who took a clear position on Vietnam.
Rockefeller had laid out a plan for reversing the Americanization of the war, while other Republican candidates tried to remain non-specific about how they would handle it.
Returning to the Senate in 1969, he joined Alaska Senator Ernest Gruening and Oregon Senator Wayne Morse in protesting restrictions on orderly protests at the United States Capitol.
In the Senate, Cooper helped lead the opposition to the development and deployment of anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs), putting him at odds with many in his party, including President Nixon.
On August 6, 1969, a vote to suspend funding of the development of ABMs failed in the Senate by a vote of 50–51; Vice-President Spiro Agnew cast the tie-breaking vote.
After this defeat, Cooper and Michigan Senator Philip Hart co-sponsored the Cooper–Hart Amendment that would have allowed funding for research and development of ABMs, but banned deployment of a U.S. ABM system.
The measure failed by three votes but increased congressional scrutiny of the Defense Department budget, leading to a reduction in funding and hastening Strategic Arms Limitation Talks with the Soviets.
Throughout 1969 and 1970, Cooper and Senator Frank Church co-sponsored the Cooper–Church Amendments, aimed at curbing further escalation of the Vietnam War.
Congressional approval of one of these amendments on December 15, 1969, de-funded the use of U.S. troops in Laos and Thailand.
Cooper had wanted to include a restriction on forces entering Cambodia as well, but Mike Mansfield, who helped Cooper write the amendment, feared that Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk, who was officially neutral in the conflict, might be offended.
When Sihanouk was deposed in 1970, Cambodia's new leader, Lon Nol, appealed to President Nixon for help in stabilizing his rule.
Nixon agreed to send troops to Cambodia, despite protests from Cooper and others that this violated his stated goal of de-escalation in the region.
Cooper and Church then drafted another amendment to de-fund U.S. operations in Cambodia; after negotiations with Nixon that continued funding until July 1970 so that the troops already in the country could be evacuated, the amendment passed 58–37.
The House of Representatives later stripped the amendment from the legislation to which it was attached, and it did not go into effect.
The fight over the Cooper–Church Amendments took its toll on Cooper's health, and he was briefly hospitalized to regain his strength.
In 1971, Church, Mansfield, and George Aiken convinced Cooper to help them write an amendment to end U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia altogether, but ultimately, the measure did not have the support to pass and was abandoned.
Seventy-one years of age and becoming increasingly deaf, Cooper announced to the Kentucky Press Association on January 21, 1972, that he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat, having served longer in that body than any other Kentuckian except Alben Barkley.
The lame duck Cooper decided to make one more attempt to end the war, after an aggressive North Vietnamese offensive against the South in March 1972 intensified fighting in the region once again.
Without advance notice, Cooper addressed a nearly empty Senate chamber on July 27, 1972, proposing an amendment to a military assistance bill that would unconditionally end funding for all U.S. military operations in Indochina in four months.
The measure, which had no co-sponsors, stunned Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and provoked heated debate in the Senate.
Massachusetts Senator Edward Brooke saved the amendment from almost certain demise by adding a provision that all American prisoners of war be returned prior to the withdrawal of U.S. forces.
In 1972, he was chosen as the commencement speaker at Centre College, where he had served as a trustee since 1961.
At the ceremony, he became the first recipient of the Isaac Shelby Award, named for two-time Kentucky governor Isaac Shelby, the chair of the college's first board of trustees.
Upon the completion of the dam that formed Laurel River Lake in 1977, Congress proposed naming the dam and lake after Cooper, but again, he declined.
He was pleased, however, that the Somerset school system chose to name a program to teach and reinforce leadership skills the John Sherman Cooper Leadership Institute.
In April 1974, Nixon announced that he would appoint Cooper to be the US Ambassador to East Germany, but during the final negotiations between the countries for the US to establish an embassy in the country, Nixon resigned.
His successor, Gerald Ford, officially appointed Cooper to the ambassadorship, and Cooper took leave from Covington & Burling to accept it.
In his last act of public service, he again served as an alternate delegate to the UN General Assembly in 1981.
Brown, Jr., the son of Cooper's former opponent in the senatorial elections of 1946 and 1966, awarded Cooper the Governor's Distinguished Service Medallion in 1983.
Later that year, Senators Walter Huddleston of Kentucky and Howard Baker of Tennessee introduced a bill to honor Cooper by renaming the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area to the Cooper National Recreation Area; Kentucky Congressman Hal Rogers sponsored a parallel measure in the House.
Opponents of the measure in both Kentucky and Tennessee (the recreation area spans the two states) cited a variety of reasons to retain the old name, and the proposal was eventually dropped at Cooper's request.
In 1985, Cooper became the third-ever recipient of the Oxford Cup, an award recognizing outstanding past members of Beta Theta Pi.
Also in 1985, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Cumberland College (now the University of the Cumberlands) in Williamsburg, Kentucky.
On February 26, 1991, Kentucky's two senators, Wendell H. Ford and Mitch McConnell, gave speeches on the Senate floor praising Cooper, and the Senate adjourned in Cooper's memory.
Because of his extensive support of rural electrification as a senator, the East Kentucky RECC was renamed the John Sherman Cooper Power Station in his honor.
In 2000, Eastern Kentucky University's Center for Kentucky History and Politics established the annual John Sherman Cooper Award for Outstanding Public Service in Kentucky.
Marvel Jackson, born in Mankato, Minnesota, to Madison Jackson and Amy Wood Jackson, was raised in an upper-class, white neighborhood in Minneapolis, where her family moved in 1907.
Her father was an Ohio State University law school graduate who was unable to find employment as a black lawyer; her mother was a former teacher who once lived on a Native American reservation.
Her ability as a writer was recognized by Du Bois, who put her in charge of a column in the magazine, where her brief tenure included writing critiques of works by the literary giants of the day, including Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Dorothy Parker.
Mentored by Du Bois, she became friendly with leading writers and artists, including Paul Robeson, Countee Cullen, Elizabeth Catlett and Richard Wright.
In 1929, she married Jamaican-born Cecil Cooke – a graduate of Columbia University, who was the world's fastest quarter-miler when she met him; their marriage would last until his death in 1978.
After marrying, they moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, where Marvel taught history, English and Latin in the high-school department of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College.
In 1953, when she was called twice to testify regarding her involvement with the Communist Party before Senator Joseph McCarthy, in New York and Washington DC, she pleaded the Fifth Amendment.
Cooke died of leukemia in New York in 2000, at the age of 97, having lived most of her life at 409 Edgecombe Avenue, the legendary apartment building in Sugar Hill, that was home to many other black luminaries.
But it is also believed that it was on this day he performed in spirit the Harrowing of Hell and raised up to Paradise, having liberated those who had been held captive.
In the Coptic, Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, this day is known as Joyous Saturday, otherwise known as the night of light and joy.
In Western traditions, the day is usually called Holy Saturday, although in the Anglican Communion, the Book of Common Prayer refers to the day as Easter Even.
Although the term Easter Saturday is usually applied to the Saturday in Easter week, in English-speaking countries it is sometimes applied to Holy Saturday, including in legislation in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland, and by Australian government agencies.
Matins of Holy and Great Saturday (in parishes usually held on Friday evening) takes the form of a funeral service for Christ.
Today Thou dost keep holy the seventh day,<br> Which Thou has blessed of old by resting from Thy works.<br> Thou bringest all things into being and Thou makest all things new,<br> Observing the Sabbath rest, my Saviour, and restoring strength.
Near the end of matins, at the end of the Great Doxology, the Epitaphios is taken up and carried in procession around the outside of the church, while the Trisagion is sung, as is done when carrying the body to the cemetery in an Orthodox burial.
On Saturday, a vesperal Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil the Great is celebrated, called the First Resurrection Service (Greek: ), named so because chronologically it was composed earlier than the Paschal Canon by St John Damascene, rather than because it occurs earlier liturgically.
In the Russian tradition, just before the Gospel reading () the hangings, altar cloths and vestments are changed from dark to bright and the deacon performs a censing of the church.
In the Greek tradition, the clergy strew laurel leaves and flower petals all over the church to symbolize the shattered gates and broken chains of hell and Jesus' victory over death.
Great Lent was originally the period of catechesis for new converts in order to prepare them for baptism and chrismation and when there are converts received, that occurs during the Old testament readings during the vesperal divine liturgy.
Before the midnight service, the faithful gather in church for the reading of the Acts of the Apostles in its entirety.
Preceding midnight the Paschal Vigil begins with the Midnight Office, during which the Canon of Holy Saturday is repeated, toward the end of which the epitaphios is removed from the center of the church and placed on the altar table where it remains until the Ascension.
Then, all of the candles and lights in the church are extinguished, and all wait in darkness and silence for the proclamation of the Resurrection of Christ.
Prior to the composition of the current Paschal Vigil of St. John of Damascus, this day's vesperal liturgy was the main Easter celebration.
All Masses are severely limited; no Mass at all appears in the normal liturgy for this day, although Mass can be said on Good Friday and on Holy Saturday for an extremely grave or solemn situation with a dispensation from the Vatican or the local bishop.
The celebration of the Sacraments is extremely limited: Holy Communion is given only as Viaticum to the dying; while Penance, and Anointing of the Sick may be administered because they, like Viaticum, are helpful to ensuring salvation for the dying.
The day is the second day of the Paschal fast as outlined in Sacrosanctum Concilium, Article 110, although fasting may not be as stringent as on Good Friday.
Many of the churches of the Anglican Communion as well as Lutheran, Methodist, and some other Churches observe most of the same customs of the Catholic Church; however, their altars may be covered in black instead of being stripped.
In some Anglican churches, including the Episcopal Church in the United States, provision is made for a simple Liturgy of the Word on this day, with readings commemorating the burial of Christ.
In the Roman Catholic and some Anglican and Lutheran traditions, Holy Saturday lasts until nightfall, after which the Easter Vigil is celebrated, marking the official start of the Easter season.
The rubrics state that the Easter Vigil must take place in the night; it must begin after nightfall and end before dawn.
Mike Jittlov (born June 8, 1948) is an American animator and the creator of short films and one feature-length film using forms of special effects animation, including stop-motion animation, rotoscoping, and pixilation.
That short made it to the professional finals for nomination, the first of several of his short films to do so.
With an improved soundtrack, the short was released to 16mm film collectors in 1980, along with four of his other short films.
The Mickey Satellite film played to park-goers waiting in line at Space Mountain for years, and is still shown to Walt Disney Parks and Resorts employees during orientation.
Eugenio Beltrami (16 November 1835 – 18 February 1900) was an Italian mathematician notable for his work concerning differential geometry and mathematical physics.
Beltrami's use of differential calculus for problems of mathematical physics indirectly influenced development of tensor calculus by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and Tullio Levi-Civita.
He had to discontinue his studies because of financial hardship and spent the next several years as a secretary working for the Lombardy–Venice railroad company.
He was appointed to the University of Bologna as a professor in 1862, the year he published his first research paper.
He became the president of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1898 and a senator of the Kingdom of Italy in 1899.
In 1868 Beltrami published two memoirs (written in Italian; French translations by J. Hoüel appeared in 1869) dealing with consistency and interpretations of non-Euclidean geometry of János Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky.
For Beltrami's concept, lines of the geometry are represented by geodesics on the pseudosphere and theorems of non-Euclidean geometry can be proved within ordinary three-dimensional Euclidean space, and not derived in an axiomatic fashion, as Lobachevsky and Bolyai had done previously.
In this way, Beltrami attempted to demonstrate that two-dimensional non-Euclidean geometry is as valid as the Euclidean geometry of the space, and in particular, that Euclid's parallel postulate could not be derived from the other axioms of Euclidean geometry.
It is often stated that this proof was incomplete due to the singularities of the pseudosphere, which means that geodesics could not be extended indefinitely.
However, John Stillwell remarks that Beltrami must have been well aware of this difficulty, which is also manifested by the fact that the pseudosphere is topologically a cylinder, and not a plane, and he spent a part of his memoir designing a way around it.
By a suitable choice of coordinates, Beltrami showed how the metric on the pseudosphere can be transferred to the unit disk and that the singularity of the pseudosphere corresponds to a horocycle on the non-Euclidean plane.
He accomplished this by introducing several models of non-Euclidean geometry that are now known as the Beltrami–Klein model, the Poincaré disk model, and the Poincaré half-plane model, together with transformations that relate them.
This reaction can be attributed in part to the novelty of Beltrami's reasoning, which was similar to the ideas of Riemann concerning abstract manifolds.
Carach Angren is a symphonic black metal band from the Netherlands, formed by two members of the now-defunct bands Inger Indolia and Vaultage.
They set themselves apart from other symphonic black metal artists in showcasing songs often using multiple languages apart from English, such as French, German and Dutch, though every song does use English as a baseline and certain choruses or sections will make the transition.
Carach Angren was formed in 2003 in the Dutch municipality of Landgraaf, after two members of Vaultage, Lee Hartney and Inger Indolia started a side project, due to their shared love of both legends and black metal.
They participated in the A Declaration of Hate European tour in support of the album, with extreme metal bands Dark Funeral, Zonaria and Nefarium.
Upon graduating from Marshall High School in 1960, she attended the University of Texas for two years, where she studied drama and was a member of the Gamma Phi Beta sorority, before leaving for Los Angeles to become an acting student at the Los Angeles Repertory Company.
She later took the stage name Susan Howard, as her father had nicknamed her 'Susie' and Howard was a family name.
Howard has served as a commissioner of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and is currently a commissioner of the Texas Commission on the Arts.
She became involved in the NRA after meeting Executive Vice President Wayne LaPierre at the 1988 Republican National Convention in New Orleans.
In certain residential areas, largely rural, large tracts of land may have no services whatever, thus residents seeking services must use a motor vehicle or other transport, so the need for transport has resulted in land development following existing or planned transport infrastructure such as rail and road.
Development patterns may be regulated by restrictive covenants contained in the deeds to the properties in the development, and may also result from or be reinforced by zoning.
Restrictive covenants are not easily changed when the agreement of all property owners (many of whom may not live in the area) is required.
Rich people bought a townlot, hired an architect and/or contractor, and built a bespoke / customized house or mansion for their family.
When cities and the middle class expanded greatly and mortgage loans became commonplace, a method that had been rare became commonplace to serve the expanding demand for home ownership.
Post–World War II economic expansion in major cities of the United States, especially New York City and Los Angeles produced a demand for thousands of new homes, which was largely met by speculative building.
Entire farms and ranches were subdivided and developed, often with one individual or company controlling all aspects of entitlement (permits), land development (streets and grading), infrastructure (utilities and sewage disposal), and housing.
Communities like Levittown, Long Island or Lakewood south of Los Angeles saw new homes sold at unprecedented rates—more than one a day.
Many techniques which had made the automobile affordable made housing affordable: standardization of design and small, repetitive assembly tasks, advertising, and a smooth flow of capital.
With the advent of government-backed mortgages, it could actually be cheaper to own a house in a new residential development than to rent.
Today, a typical residential development in the United States might include traffic calming features, such as a slowly winding street, dead-end road, or looped road lined with homes.
Most offer homes in a narrow range of age, price, size and features, thus potential residents having different needs, wishes or resources must look elsewhere.
The municipal and prefectural governments of Niigata demanded a national medical school from the Ministry of Education, but the plan was deferred because of the Russo-Japanese War.
The municipal and prefectural governments of Niigata and the local industrial firms further wanted the medical college to be developed into an imperial university (so-called Hokuriku Imperial University) and competed with Kanazawa.
In 1949 seven colleges (Niigata Medical College, Niigata Higher School, Niigata First Normal School, Niigata Second Normal School, Niigata Youth Normal School, Niigata Prefectural Agricultural and Forestry College, and Nagaoka College of Technology) were integrated to constitute Niigata University under Japan's new educational system.
The faculties (except Medicine and Dentistry) began moving to new Ikarashi Campus in 1968, and the removals finished in the 1980s.
In 1977 the Faculty of Humanities was reorganized into the Faculty of Law and Literature, then divided into three faculties (Humanities, Law, and Economics) in 1980.
Attached schools (an elementary school, a junior high school and a school for children with special needs) are located in Nishi Ohata district next to Asahimachi Campus (also in Niigata City).
Owned by the Paris Chamber of Commerce, ESCP is one of the 76 business schools in the world to have obtained the triple accreditation of AACSB, EQUIS and AMBA.
On November 26th, 2019, the School removed Europe from its name going back to its roots as École Supérieure de Commerce de Paris and underlining its French heritage.
The school was established in Paris on 1 December 1819 as the world's first business school by a group of economic scholars and businessmen including the well-known economist Jean-Baptiste Say and the celebrated trader Vital Roux.
It was modeled on the first Grande École, the École Polytechnique founded by Lazare Carnot and Gaspard Monge, but was initially much more modest, mainly because it had not been supported by the state.
It gradually gained in stature and importance during the 19th century and moved to its current Parisian location on Avenue de la République in 1898.
Several times during the first half of the 19th century, French politics planned on grouping ESCP with French elite engineering schools such as École Polytechnique or École Centrale Paris, but that never occurred.
On April 5, 1973 the concept of a multi-campus business school was founded with the consecutive inaugurations of campuses in the United Kingdom (London in 1974, move to Oxford in 1975) and in Germany (Düsseldorf in 1975, move to Berlin in 1985).
ESCP students can study in campuses in France (Paris), in the UK (London), Spain (Madrid), Germany (Berlin), Italy (Turin), and Poland (Warsaw).
One near the Place de la République (11th arrondissement of Paris) and another one near the Montparnasse Tower (15th arrondissement of Paris).
The campus in the 11th arrondissement hosts all the graduate programs whereas the campus in the 15th arrondissement hosts the undergraduate education, the executive education and the school's start-up Incubator, the Blue Factory.
He is regarded as perhaps the most influential Danish postmodern poet, and his works are among the most studied poems in Denmark.
Originally inspired by the British punk wave of the late 1970s, many of Strunge's poems are full of references to the artists of his day, such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Cure, Joy Division, New Order, Brian Eno and David Bowie.
Strunge killed himself on 9 March 1986, during a manic episode caused by bipolar disorder, by jumping from the 4th floor.
Its beauty and fertility had attracted the particular attention of the Zanclaeans, who in consequence invited the Samians and Milesians (after the capture of Miletus by the Persians, 494 BC) to establish themselves on this part of the Sicilian coast.
The date given by Diodorus is 446 BC, but in another passus the same author says that Ducetius colonised Kale Akte in 440 BC, the same year he died.
In addition, recent excavations at Caronia, which is clearly the site of the Hellenistic and Roman town Kale Akte, have revealed only very sparse remains from the 5th century BC, and show that a Sikel settlement already existed here in the early 5th century BC.
It is possible that Ducetius founded the colony on the site of this already existing Sikel settlement, just as he had done at Menai and Paliké.
He must have had the permission of Syracuse to end the exile at Corinth (the mother city of Syracuse), and he brought according to Diodorus partly Corinthian settlers for the colonising project at Kale Akte.
Syracuse would have had an interest of establishing an allied Sikel-Greek colony on the north coast, without risking too much in a potentially hostile Sikel-dominated area.
The distances given in the Tabula Peutingeriana, however (12 M. P. from Alaesa, and 30 M. P. from Cephaloedium), coincide with the site of the modern town of Caronia, on the shore below which Fazello tells us that ruins and vestiges of an ancient city were still visible in his time.
The Greek rhetorician Caecilius of Caleacte, who flourished in the time of Augustus, was a native of Caleacte, whence he derived the surname of Calactinus.
From January to August 2004, appliances, including a television, a cooker and vacuum cleaner, were reported to have caught fire spontaneously.
On March 5, 2015 police arrested and charged Giuseppe Pezzino, 26, with arson, conspiracy to commit fraud, and sounding a false alarm in association with the mysterious fires.
Surrey Hills was settled in the late 19th century and evolved with slightly smaller blocks and slightly simpler housing than its neighbour Canterbury.
It is bordered by Elgar Road in the east, Riversdale Road in the south, Highfield Road in the west and Whitehorse Road in the north.
The Surrey Hills area was acquired from the Crown by Henry Elgar, as part of his Special Survey purchase in 1841.
The Surrey Hills area was first developed by a Real Estate consortia, following the extension of the railway line from Camberwell to Lilydale in 1882.
Housing estates were laid out and lovely period homes built in either brick or weatherboard, with most designs being influenced by the Victorian, Federation and Edwardian era.
The streets were planted mainly with avenues of Pin Oak and Plane trees, which are now mature and offer a pleasant shady vista.
The streets have impressive names such as Empress, Kingston, Surrey, Balmoral, Leopold, Windsor, Albert and Wolseley, but the area was considered too distant from the nearest shopping districts: Camberwell to the west and Box Hill to the east.
The economic depression of the 1890s brought development to a halt and the next major phase of suburban development didn't take place until after the First World War.
During the 1990s, the last bank branch in the Union Road shopping strip closed, which caused some concern within both the local community and local traders.
On 24 February 2003, the Surrey Hills Community Bank (a community bank branch of Bendigo Bank) opened for business in Union Road.
Surrey Hills contains both the 'English Counties District', which is a small area between Canterbury and Riversdale Roads, where the streets are named after English Counties, including Norfolk, Durham, Kent, Middlesex, Essex and Suffolk Roads and the 'Chatham Precinct', which is located between Canterbury, Union, Mont Albert & Chatham Roads.
The latter streets are named after English places (Croydon, Guildford & Surrey) and Sir Garnet Road, named in honour of a famous British Army General (Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, born in Ireland, who served a distinguished career and became a hero in the British army in the late 1800s & early 1900).
Chatham Station can be accessed from the north by laneways between houses, beginning near the Mont Albert Road General Store, then continuing south along the Canterbury Sports Ground pathway.
To reach a safe bicycle path for the city commute, cyclists must travel south to the Gardiners Creek Trail or north to the Yarra River Trail, via the Outer Circle Trail.
To the north, Surrey Hills is also serviced by the route 109 tram, which continues from Port Melbourne, along Collins Street (Melb.CBD), along Whitehorse Rd, to Box Hill and in the south, the route 70 tram travels along Riversdale Road from the city to the Wattle Park terminus at the Elgar Road junction.
It is the home ground of the Australian Rules Football club, Canterbury 'Cobras', who currently compete in the Eastern Football League, as well as the Canterbury Cricket Club, which plays on a turf wicket and Canterbury Tennis Club, which has its own clubhouse and 4 en-tou-cas courts.
The wise use movement in the United States is a loose-knit coalition of groups promoting the expansion of private property rights and reduction of government regulation of publicly held property.
This includes advocacy of expanded use by commercial and public interests, seeking increased access to public lands, and often opposition to government intervention.
Organized opposition efforts have generally targeted environmental legislation, such as the Endangered Species Act, and wetland protection measures by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Wise use proponents contend that mainstream environmentalist ideology is excessive and radical, and argue that such ideology aims to make revolutionary changes to the existing political and economic orders.
A range of groups belong to the wise use movement, including industry, grassroots organizations of loggers, mill workers, ranchers, farmers, miners, off-road vehicle users, and property owners.
The movement includes or is supported by most anti-environmentalist groups, by companies in the resource extraction industry, by land development companies, and by libertarian and minarchist organizations.
The policies and political orientations of groups in the wise use movement range from some who self-identify as free-market environmentalists, to industry-backed public relations groups and mainstream think tanks, to some militia groups and fundamentalist religious groups.
Major organizations promoting wise use ideas include Alliance for America, the American Land Rights Association, the Cato Institute, the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, People for the West, the Blue Ribbon Coalition, and the Heartland Institute.
Most members of the wise use movement, including the related County Movement, share a belief in individual rights, as opposed to the authority of the federal government, in particular with regard to the rights of land use.
While some in the wise use movement have strongly anti-environmental views, others assert that the free market, rather than government regulation, will better protect the environment.
Many wise use groups argue that rural residents suffer a disproportionate impact from environmental regulations, and that the environmental movement is biased toward the attitudes of urban elites, ignoring the rural perspective.
Wise use groups depict themselves as (and seek to promote themselves as) true environmentalists with close ties to the land, and cast environmental groups as advocating radical environmentalism.
Wise use groups also downplay threats to the environment, and highlight uncertainties in environmental science that they argue environmental groups ignore or conceal.
This agenda included initiatives seeking unrestricted commercial use of public lands for timber, mining, and oil, and to open recreational wilderness areas for easier access by the general public.
According to Arnold, many in the wise use movement believe the possibility of unlimited economic growth, in which environmental and social problems can be mitigated by market economy and the use of technology.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the management focus on public lands shifted from the harvest of timber to ecological goals such as improvement of habitat, largely as a response to the environmental movement.
Some members of the wise use movement objected to what they saw as a shifting of control of federal land resources from local to outside, urban interests.
Wise use members have also argued that continued access to public lands is necessary to maintain the health, culture and traditions of local communities.
Some critics of the wise use movement claim that the strong rhetoric used has deepened divisions between opposing interest groups, and has indirectly increased violence and threats of violence against environmental groups and public employees.
However, while corporate power played an important role in the wise use movement, the relationship between rural westerners and extractive industries was not a result of individual citizens blindly accepting corporate narratives; instead, wise use was an alliance between groups with similar goals regarding private property rights and access to public lands.
The term wise use was coined in 1910 by U.S. Forest Service leader Gifford Pinchot to describe his concept of sustainable harvest of natural resources.
However, unlike the Sagebrush Rebellion, which consisted largely of the formation of industry public relations groups by resource extraction industries and corporations such as Coors and Co, wise use included grassroots groups.
Its existence by this name dates from a 1988 ‘Multiple-Use Strategy Conference’ attended by nearly 200 organizations, mainly Western-based, including natural resource industry corporations and trade associations, law firms specializing in combating environmental regulations, and recreational groups.
The conference produced a legislative agenda intended to ‘destroy environmentalism’ and promote the ‘wise use’ of natural resources - an intentionally ambiguous phrase strategically appropriated from the early conservation movement.
The seax has a lasting symbolic impact in the English counties of Essex and Middlesex, both of which feature three seaxes in their ceremonial emblem.
Sir Frederick Albert Millichip (5 August 1914 – 18 December 2002) was an English association footballer best known for his sometimes controversial contributions to the administration of the game.
Raised in the West Midlands and educated at Solihull School in Solihull, Millichip played as a centre back for the third team of West Bromwich Albion in the years before World War II.
During the war, he served in North Africa, Canada, Sicily and Italy, rising from an enlisted man to the rank of captain.
He took on the role of chairman in 1974, when the club was failing to make progress in the Second Division under manager Don Howe.
In 1981, Millichip was elected chairman of The Football Association at the start of a period during which the English game was to be rocked by a succession of crises including the Heysel Stadium disaster, the Hillsborough disaster, growing problems of hooliganism, the national team's repeated international failure and the founding of the Premier League.
He was a close friend of Sir Bobby Robson, and as Sir Bobby entered his final years, they worked together to establish the Sir Bobby Robson Football Academy, in Birmingham.
Bert Milichip died suddenly on December 18, 2002, at Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, following a heart attack which struck while he was attending an annual dinner at Edgbaston golf club.
Besides derivatives of Spanish such as Judaeo-Spanish and Loreto-Ucayali, this refers principally to Extremaduran, partially mutual intelligible language that is often considered merely a peculiar dialect by other speakers of Spanish.
Its songs are grouped into thematic scenes that tell stories and place a strong emphasis on Herman's lyrics and their optimistic messages.
In the latter number, the cast simulates a train, with the men's bowler hats becoming smokestacks and the ladies' parasols acting as the wheels.
The show was directed and choreographed by Barbara Valente, with the cast that included Cindy Herron, John Nockels, Tim Connell, Mimi Unser, Darlene Popovic and James Followell.
The production was supervised by Jerry Herman, directed by Jay Manley and choreographed by Barbara Valente, with musical direction by Barry Lloyd.
The cast was Pierce Brandt, Dan Johnson, Michelle E. Jordan, Barry Lloyd, Marsha Mercant and Jan Wasser.. Every member of the cast won a Hollywood Drama-Logue Award.
The Off-Broadway production was also directed and choreographed by McKneely, with music direction by Followell and the same cast as the tryout, except that Karen Murphy replaced McKechnie.
It has also been seen in 2008 at the Galaxy Theatre in Tokyo and at the Hyogo Performing Arts Center in Nishinomiya, Hyogo.
Built for the Royal Navy during the 1950s at a time of increasing threat from the Soviet Union's submarine fleet, they served until the late 1970s.
Although they lacked gun armament, their anti-submarine armament of two Limbo mortars, Mk 20 torpedoes and sonar fit equalled the larger Type 12, and as the crews of the Type 14 concentrated almost entirely on practising anti-submarine warfare, they were often the most effective frigates in anti-submarine exercises until the mid 1960s.
The class were entirely specialised for the anti-submarine role and hence had little capability in any other, though they did perform fishery protection duties during the confrontations with Iceland over fishing rights.
In the late 1950s, during their time on patrols around Iceland to ensure that Iceland did not interfere with British fishermen's attempts to fish, problems were found with the hulls of the Type 14s in such heavy waters, so that their hulls had to be strengthened to cope with these patrols.
After experience with these frigates, the Admiralty decided that quality was the top priority of all ships, even though it meant having a smaller fleet.
In this configuration she was easily distinguishable from other members of the class due to her larger (non-cylindrical, streamlined) funnel and large air intakes sited immediately fore and aft of the funnel.
The success of these trials led to the adoption of all-gas turbine propulsion as standard on subsequent Royal Navy warship designs (Type 21 & 22 Frigates, Type 42 destroyers, 'Invincible' class carriers).
Their small hull limited the extent of modifications and upgrades possible, preventing the Type 14s from being armed with more effective weapons, effectively rendering them obsolete.
The legs of edible frogs are also consumed in other parts of the world, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Northern Italy, the Alentejo region of Portugal, Spain, Albania, Slovenia, Romania, Northwestern Greece and the Southern regions of the United States.
They are often said to taste like chicken because of their mild flavor, with a texture most similar to chicken wings.
Frog muscles do not resolve rigor mortis as quickly as muscles from warm-blooded animals (chicken, for example) do, so heat from cooking can cause fresh frog legs to twitch.
Frog legs cuisine is also contested as an issue of animal rights, as the frog's legs are often removed without slaughtering the frogs first, at which point the still-living frogs are discarded.
Each year about US$40 million worth of frog legs are traded internationally, with most countries in the world participating in this trade.
The world's top importers of frogs legs are France, Belgium and the United States, while the biggest international exporters are Indonesia and China.
While these figures do not account for domestic consumption, when production from frog farms is taken into account, it is conservatively estimated that humans consume up to 3.2 billion frogs for food around the world every year.
Many environmentalists urge the restriction of frog consumption—especially those harvested from the wild—because amphibian populations are declining and frogs are an essential element of ecosystems.
In these ecosystems, American bullfrogs can decimate local amphibian populations, upset ecosystem balance and have negative impacts on other species of wildlife as well.
Frog meat is not halal as frogs, together with ants, bees, and seabirds, are animals that should not be killed by Muslims.
In medieval and early modern Europe, frogs were not classified as meat and could therefore be eaten during the Christian fast of Lent, along with fish and bird flesh.
In Chinese cuisine, frog legs are usually stir fried and mixed with light spices, stewed, fried, or made into congee; a popular dish in Cantonese cuisine.
Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of frog meat, exporting more than 5,000 tonnes of frog meat each year, mostly to France, Belgium and Luxembourg.
Most supply of frog legs in western Europe originate from frog farms in Indonesia; however, there is concern that frog legs from Indonesia are poached from wild frog populations that may be endangering wild amphibians.
Frogs are a common food in the northern part of Italy, especially throughout Piemonte and Lombardy and within these two regions especially in the Vercelli area in Piemonte and in the Pavia and Lomellina areas in Lombardy.
Consumption of frogs is mainly related to the availability of the animals due to the rural activities and typical agriculture in these places.
The large presence of frogs is mainly due to the agriculture typical of these areas which have always been known for their famous rice.
The large cultivation of rice means that there is large presence of artificial water channels used to flood rice fields during growing season, which makes a perfect habitat for frogs.
During the growth period when fields stay flooded, and even more during the draining of the fields farmers and others often gather to go frog hunting armed with nets.
They are also a popular traditional dish in the Vipava Valley in western Slovenia and are served in numerous restaurants in the Slovenian Littoral.
They are considered a specialty in the Lokve municipality, where they are served cooked, fried or in a stew, sometimes with polenta on the side.
Frog legs are eaten in parts of the Southern United States, particularly in the Deep South and Gulf states where French influence is more prominent, including South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
The most common kinds of frogs eaten are bullfrogs and leopard frogs, as these are abundant in most of the country, including the South.
Although the consumption of wild native frogs is generally discouraged, the harvest and cooking of invasive bullfrogs, especially in the Western US, has been encouraged as a form of control and to promote local cuisine.
Cooked bones of frog legs have been discovered in an archaeological dig in Amesbury Wiltshire, dating back to between 7596 and 6250 BC, evidence that indicates that they were part of the local diet.
In recent decades, adventurous British chefs have introduced frog leg dishes to their menus, notably Heston Blumenthal whose recipes have included frog blancmange.
In Australia and New Zealand, frogs are more exotic, usually eaten at Asian or French restaurants and mainly the hind legs are the priority.
In 1999, Ian Goldberg and David A. Wagner cryptanalyzed A5/2 in the same month it was published, and showed that it was extremely weak – so much so that low end equipment can probably break it in real time.
Since July 1, 2006, the GSMA (GSM Association) mandated that GSM Mobile Phones will not support the A5/2 Cipher any longer, due to its weakness, and the fact that A5/1 is deemed mandatory by the 3GPP association.
In July 2007, the 3GPP has approved a change request to prohibit the implementation of A5/2 in any new mobile phones.
If the network does not support A5/1, or any other A5 algorithm implemented by the phone, then an unencrypted connection can be used.
This road used to be the M4, and as a result is anomalously numbered as it lies to the north of the current M4 and to the west of the M5, it is in the Motorway Zone 5.
Travelling from east to west, after leaving the M4 at Awkley, junction 21, near Olveston in England, the M48 begins by heading north-west towards Aust, junction 1.
Entering Wales, the M48 heads south-west after junction 2, passing to the south of Chepstow, past Crick and continuing in a south-westerly direction, passing Caldicot and Rogiet.
Before this date traffic between South West England and South Wales was either transported on a motorail service through the Severn Tunnel, used the Aust Ferry (which was unsuitable for large goods vehicles) or travelled through Gloucester to pass north of the Severn Estuary.
Severn View services are at junction 1, formerly called Aust Services when originally opened, and may also be accessed via the A403 from Avonmouth.
The M49 motorway is a 5-mile (8 km) motorway west of Bristol, England, that forms a link between the M5 motorway at Junction 18, and the Second Severn Crossing, now officially renamed the Prince of Wales Bridge on the M4 motorway at Junction 22.
It was constructed in 1996, at the same time as the bridge and is unique as it is only accessible from other motorways.
Original plans provided for an intermediate junction with the A403, to serve an expanded industrial area and Severn Beach, construction of junction 1 commenced summer 2018 and is due for completion winter 2019.
The M49 is anomalously numbered, as it is entirely to the south of the M4 and should therefore begin with a 3.
The M49 begins at junction 18A of the M5 and then heads roughly north and northwest before it reaches its terminal junction with the M4 at junction 22, just before the Second Severn Crossing.
Having a two-way grade separated roundabout junction with the M4, it also fulfils the dual role of providing a bypass for the busy stretch of the M5 between the Avonmouth Bridge and the M4 in case of that route being shut.
Georges Hall, a suburb of local government area Canterbury-Bankstown Council, is located 24 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the state of New South Wales, Australia, and is part of the South-western Sydney region.
They sailed into Botany Bay and explored the Georges River, twenty miles (32 km) beyond previous expeditions to the area that is now Garrison Point.
For their exploration efforts Bass was given a grant by Governor John Hunter (in the area of present day Hazel Street and Flinders Road, alongside Prospect Creek) in 1798, neighbouring suburb Bass Hill honours his name.
Bass's fellow explorer, Mathew Flinders, received a grant south of Bass's (bounded by present day Marion St, Bellevue Ave, Flinders Rd and Prospect Creek).
It was situated on Prospect Creek, near the present day Henry Lawson Drive and Beatty Parade, he called it 'Georges Hall'.
His third son, David became a grazier on this property (which was a farming area in its early days), and the suburb takes its name from the Johnston farm.
His older brother, George Jr. had held this position until his death in 1820 following a riding accident on the Macarthur property at Camden Park.
In 1809 the farmhouse of George's Hall was used as an administration centre, where it was used to conduct the census.
Garrison Point obtained its name from the garrison of soldiers that were stationed here to ensure the safety of Lt Colonel Johnston as he conducted a census in the area.
In 1837 another home was built by the Johnston family, this time it was on higher ground in Bankstown (in present Lionel Street), and well away from the danger of Georges River floods.
The Homestead, as they called it, is one of the oldest houses in the local area, its design was simple but elegant, with wide verandahs, and the interior of the house featured cedar woodwork.
Street names in Georges Hall commemorate two First World War Soldiers - Lord Birdwood is immortalised by Birdwood Avenue, and another great soldier - Haig, by Haig Avenue.
Garrison Point and Lake Gillawarna form the southern part of a larger reserve called Mirambeena Regional Park that extends into the adjacent suburb of Lansvale.
A short distance south from Garrison Point is Kentucky Reserve, another recreational park area overlooking the Georges River, adjacent to Henry Lawson Drive.
Of those born outside of Australia, the top countries of birth were Lebanon 6.5%, Vietnam 4.5%, Italy 1.7%, Greece 1.5% and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1.2%.
The most common responses for religion in Georges Hall were Catholic 31.3%, Islam 18.6%, Eastern Orthodox 10.8% Anglican 9.3% and No Religion 8.6%.
Home ownership was popular, with 42.7% of people owning their home outright and 36.6% were paying off their home with a mortgage.
Large numbers of the type served in a variety of roles for the Royal Air Force (RAF), Fleet Air Arm (FAA), Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and numerous other air forces before, during, and after the Second World War.
Following an evaluation in which the Type 652A bettered the competing de Havilland DH.89, it was selected as the winner, leading to Air Ministry Specification 18/35 being written around the type and an initial order for 174 aircraft being ordered in July 1935.
The type was placed into service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) and was initially used in the envisioned maritime reconnaissance operation alongside the larger flying boats.
After the outbreak of the Second World War the Anson was soon found to have become obsolete in front line combat roles.
Large numbers of the type were instead put to use as a multi-engined aircrew trainer, having been found to be suitable for the role, and became the mainstay of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.
The type continued to be used in this role throughout and after the conflict, remaining in RAF service as a trainer and communications aircraft until 28 June 1968.
During the post-war climate, the Anson was increasingly produced for the civil market, being used as a light transport and executive aircraft.
By the end of production in 1952, a total of 8,138 Ansons had been constructed by Avro in nine variants; in addition, a further 2,882 aircraft were manufactured by Federal Aircraft Ltd in Canada from 1941.
However, a single Anson Mk.I, which had been originally manufactured during 1943, had been restored to airworthiness, having been refitted with later metal wings.
In 1933, the British Air Ministry proposed that the Royal Air Force (RAF) acquire a relatively cheap landplane for coastal maritime reconnaissance duties; the proposed aircraft would perform as a supplement to the more capable, but expensive, flying boats which the RAF had adopted for conducting maritime reconnaissance missions.
After evaluating the various submissions received, the Air Ministry decided to place a pair of orders, with Avro and de Havilland respectively, to manufacture single examples of the Type 652A and the de Havilland DH.89 for evaluation purposes in order to meet this requirement late in 1934; an evaluation and the subsequent selection of a design for production to take place by May 1935.
Between 11 and 17 May 1935, the prototype participated in a formal evaluation against the competing DH.89M by the RAF's Coastal Defence Development Unit at RAF Gosport, Hampshire.
During these trials, the Avro aircraft proved to be superior and was accordingly selected as the winner of the competition on 25 May 1935.
On 31 December 1935, the first production Anson performed its maiden flight; changes from the prototype included an enlarged horizontal tailplane and reduced Elevator span in order to improve stability.
Additionally, while the prototype had not been fitted with flaps, production aircraft could accommodate their installation from the onset to increase the viable glide angle and reduce landing speed.
By the end of production in 1952, a total of 11,020 Ansons had been completed, which made it the second most numerous (after the Vickers Wellington) British multi-engined aircraft of the Second World War.
Developed as a general reconnaissance aircraft, it possessed many features that lent itself to the role, including considerable load-carrying ability, and long range.
The structure of the Anson was relatively straightforward and uncomplicated, relying on proven methods and robust construction to produce an airframe that minimised maintenance requirements.
The Anson Mk I was furnished with a low-mounted one-piece wooden wing, composed of a combination of plywood and spruce throughout the wingbox and ribs.
The fuselage was composed of a welded steel tubing framework which was principally clad in fabric; the exterior of the nose was clad in magnesium alloy.
The Anson was powered by a pair of Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah IX seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engines, which were each rated at .
Each engine was provided with its own duplicated fuel pumps and separate fuel and oil tanks; the tanks were composed of welded aluminium and mounted in cradles housed within the wing.
The engine cowling were intentionally designed to have a reduced diameter in order to reduce their negative impact upon external visibility, which was considered to be valuable to the type's reconnaissance function.
The Anson was equipped with a retractable undercarriage arrangement, which was uncommon upon its introduction; it holds the distinction of being the first aircraft to feature such an innovation to enter service with the RAF.
While the main undercarriage was retracted into recesses set into the bottom of the engine nacelles, the tail wheel was fixed in position.
The retractable undercarriage was mechanically operated by hand; 144 turns of a crank handle, situated besides the pilot's seat, were needed.
To avoid this laborious process, early aircraft would often perform short flights with the landing gear remaining extended throughout, which would reduce the aircraft's cruising speed by 30 mph (50 km/h).
Initially, the Anson was flown with a three-man crew, which comprised a pilot, a navigator/bomb-aimer and a radio operator/gunner, when it was used in the maritime reconnaissance role; from 1938 onwards, it was typically operated by a four-man crew.
The bomb-aimer would perform his function from a prone position in the forward section of the nose, which was provisioned with a bombsight, driftsight, and other appropriate instrumentation, including a landing light.
The pilot was located in a cockpit behind the bomb-aimer's position and was provided with a variety of contemporary instrumentation, including those to enable flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) and indirect instrument lighting for night flying purposes.
Immediately behind the pilot's position is a small folding seat fixed to the starboard side of the fuselage for an additional crew member or passenger, along with racks that would contain a pair of parachute packs that would be clipped onto the harnesses worn by both the pilot and the navigator.
Behind these is the navigator's station, a chair and table provisioned with navigational aids such as compasses, Bigsworth chart boards, sea markers, calculators for course, wind and speed, a signalling lamp and float flares.
Aft of the rear spar is the wireless operator's station - a table with contemporary wireless equipment, including a winch for the trailing aerial, which was attached to the upper fuselage immediately behind the aircraft's cockpit.
The defensive armaments of the Anson consisted of a single .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun which was fixed within the forward fuselage and aimed by the pilot, while an Armstrong Whitworth-built manually operated gun turret located on the Anson's dorsal section was fitted with a single Lewis gun.
Additionally, up to of bombs, which could consist of a maximum of two and eight bombs, could be carried in the aircraft's wings.
Those Ansons that were used in the training role were outfitted with dual controls and usually had the gun turret removed, although specific aircraft used for gunnery training were fitted with a Bristol hydraulically operated gun turret, similar to that used in the Bristol Blenheim.
The tail fairing of the starboard nacelle contains an inflatable dinghy which is provided with automatic actuators and marine distress beacons.
By 1939, all of the squadrons assigned to Bomber Command that had been equipped with the Anson I served as operational training squadrons which were used to prepare crews for frontline service.
Newly formed crews, having previously completed individual flying and technical training courses, were first trained as bomber crews in Ansons before they would advance to the various frontline aircraft types, which were also in the same squadrons with the Ansons.
After training in the frontline aircraft type, crews would advance to the frontline bomber squadrons with those aircraft types (Fairey Battle, Bristol Blenheim, Vickers Wellington, Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, and Handley-Page Hampden).
At the start of the war, the Lockheed Hudson was beginning to replace the Ansons in Coastal Command, one squadron having been fully equipped with Hudsons and another with both Ansons and Hudsons.
Remarkably, before the dogfight ended, without losing any of their own, one of the Ansons had destroyed two German aircraft and damaged a third.
The Anson was also used to train the other members of a bomber's aircrew, such as navigators, wireless operators, bomb aimers and air gunners.
During the 1939–45 war years, the British Air Transport Auxiliary operated the Anson as its standard taxi aircraft, using it to carry groups of ferry pilots to and from aircraft collection points.
The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) operated 23 Ansons as navigation trainers during the Second World War, (alongside the more numerous Airspeed Oxford), and acquired more Ansons as communication aircraft immediately after the war.
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) operated 4,413 Anson aircraft, 1,962 British built and 2,451 Canadian built aircraft.
Although the Canadian Ansons were used throughout the training schools of the British Commonwealth Air Training plan for training aircrew, some aircraft were pressed into operational service with the RCAF's Eastern Air Command.
At this time, large amounts of the type were being produced for civilian use, where they were operated as light transports by a range of small charter airlines and as executive aircraft by large corporations.
Railway Air Services operated Ansons on scheduled services from London's Croydon Airport via Manchester to Belfast (Nutts Corner) in 1946 and 1947.
Sivewright Airways operated three Mk XIX aircraft from their Manchester Airport base on charter flights as far as Johannesburg and on scheduled flights to Ronaldsway Airport in the Isle of Man until 1951.
Finglands Airways operated an ex-RAF Anson I on inclusive tour flights and on scheduled flights from Manchester Airport to Newquay Airport between 1949 and 1952.
In 1948, India ordered 12 new Anson 18Cs for use by the Directorate of Civil Aviation as trainers and communications aircraft; these were delivered from Yeadon in the spring of 1949.
Ansons continued to be manufactured by Avro at Woodford for the RAF until March 1952; the type was used as trainers and served in the role of Station communications aircraft until 1968.
In 1962, the Commonwealth Government decided to ground the majority of wooden-winged aircraft then in operation; amongst those aircraft affected, the Anson and De Havilland Mosquito were included.
Of the Ansons, no such aircraft were re-registered as the government had mandated a test that essentially destroyed the wings, thus requiring the fitting of new wings.
However, a single Anson Mk.I, which had been originally manufactured during 1943, had been restored to airworthiness, having been refitted with later metal wings.
Formiciinae members were restricted in habitat to living in regions which had a mesic wet climate and an average mean annual temperature of or higher.
The spread of the subfamily from Europe to North America is postulated to have been across the North Atlantic landbridges which were present in the Eocene.
While the average temperatures for this route are thought to have been lower than the range needed for Formiciinae species, a series of warmer events throughout the Eocene are suggested as aides in the crossing.
Charles Sturt University (CSU) is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Queensland.
Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain Charles Sturt, a British explorer who made expeditions into regional New South Wales and South Australia.
Charles Sturt University offers various Distance Education programs at Bachelor and Post-Graduate level as well as the Single Subject Study program.
The Mitchell College of Advanced Education had been formed on 1 January 1970, and the Riverina Murray Institute of Education campus in Wagga Wagga and Albury-Wodonga had operated since 1984.
The latter institution had earlier succeeded the Riverina College of Advanced Education, which was itself the result of an even earlier merger between Wagga Agricultural College and the Wagga Wagga Teachers College.
On 1 January 2005, CSU formalised moves to assume control of the University of Sydney's Orange campus, which came into force on 1 January 2005.
On 1 May 2012, a milestone was reached as CSU opened a new campus in Port Macquarie, CSU's first coastal, regional campus.
It provides opportunities for students with the desire to study close to the beach, as well as options for local students to access the resources of a world-class university close to home.
On 18 April 2016 at the Port Macquarie Campus, staff and students moved into Stage One of their purpose built campus.
Two more stages are expected to be complete over the coming years with an expected student intake of 5000 by the year 2030.
On 9 May 2018, CSU and Western Sydney University announce as partners with the Australian Government’s network, to establish The Murray-Darling Medical School providing Joint Medical Programs (JMP) across the Murray-Darling Basin Region.
In 2019, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency imposed five conditions on CSU's renewal of registration as an Australian university, including concerns about the academic standards of CSU.
One of the conditions, on academic integrity at CSU study centres, was lifted, and CSU was re-registered for a period of four years rather than seven.
On 29 May 2019, CSU has announced it will join the Regional Universities Network (RUN), becoming the seventh member of the group.
The Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences brings together a range of courses, focusing on real-world challenges in areas of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences disciplines.
Charles Sturt University offers a Distance Education program that allows students to choose courses at bachelor and post graduate level as well as the Single Subject Study program.
The Distance Education program is designed for students who may be unable to attend the university campus in person, using printed or electronic media to facilitate communication between teachers and students.
NSW HSC Online, an abbreviation of New South Wales Higher School Certificate Online, is a collaborative partnership between the NSW Department of Education and Training and Charles Sturt University.
The institution was certified as Carbon Neutral by the National Carbon Offset Standard – Carbon Neutral Program, administered by the Federal Department of the Environment and Energy.
The Charles Sturt University Football Club at Bathurst was formed under the name of Bathurst Teachers College in 1963, making it one of the oldest football clubs within Bathurst.
The club changed its name multiple times to match the educational institute, gaining its current name when Mitchell College was rebranded to Charles Sturt University.
The survey conducted by the Australian Human Rights Commission in 2017 found that CSU had the third highest incidence of sexual assault and sexual harassment.
Over 800 CSU students responded to the survey with the report finding 18% experienced sexual harassment, and at twice the national average, 3.3% claimed sexual assault.
Dr. Michele Allan, a company director, food industry and agribusiness specialist, with an academic background in biomedical science, management and law, is the current and third Chancellor of the University since 3 December 2014; and Professor Andrew Vann FRSN, a civil engineer, is the current and third Vice-Chancellor since 1 January 2011.
In a career spanning four decades, Sremec directed and wrote some 90 documentary shorts, mainly dealing with various cultural and anthropological topics.
Born in Vinkovci, Sremec graduated from the Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences with a degree in Slavic studies and French language.
Donald Allan Dunstan, AC, QC (21 September 1926 – 6 February 1999), usually known as Don Dunstan, was a South Australian politician.
He entered politics as the Member for Norwood in 1953 at age 26, became leader of the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party in 1967, and was Premier of South Australia between June 1967 and April 1968, and again between June 1970 and February 1979.
In the late 1950s, Dunstan became well known for his campaign against the death penalty being imposed on Max Stuart, who was convicted of rape and murder of a small girl.
He harried Premier Thomas Playford IV aggressively over the matter, creating an uproar over what he saw as an unfair process.
Playford eventually relented, and appeared shaken thereafter; the event was seen as a turning point in the Liberal and Country League's decline, and Labor gained momentum.
During Labor's time in opposition, Dunstan was prominent in securing some reforms in Aboriginal rights, and was at the forefront of Labor abandoning the White Australia Policy.
Labor conducted an extensive campaign in marginal LCL seats at the 1965 election, resulting in 21 of 39 seats, with Frank Walsh and the Labor Party taking power and Dunstan becoming Attorney-General.
The LCL opposition changed leaders and installed the young Steele Hall, worrying Labor as the elderly Walsh appeared bumbling in contrast.
Despite maintaining a much larger vote over the LCL, Labor lost two seats at the 1968 election, with the LCL forming government with support of an independent.
Dunstan responded by increasing his attacks on the Playmander and was able to convincingly sustain Playmander attacks with the effect of convincing the LCL into watering down the malapportionment.
Again with little change in Labor's vote but with the Playmander removed, Labor won 27 of 47 seats at the 1970 election.
His socially progressive administration saw Aboriginal land rights recognised, homosexuality decriminalised, the first female judge appointed, the first non-British governor, Sir Mark Oliphant, and later, the first indigenous governor Sir Douglas Nicholls.
He established Rundle Mall, enacted measures to protect buildings of historical heritage, and encouraged a flourishing of the arts, with support for the Adelaide Festival Centre, the State Theatre Company, and the establishment of the South Australian Film Corporation.
However, there were also problems; the economy began to stagnate, and the large increases to burgeoning public service generated claims of waste.
One of Dunstan's pet projects, a plan to build a new city at Monarto to alleviate urban pressures in Adelaide, was abandoned when economic and population growth stalled, with much money and planning already invested.
After four consecutive election wins, Dunstan's administration began to falter in 1978 following his dismissal of Police Commissioner Harold Salisbury, as controversy broke out over whether he had improperly interfered with a judicial investigation.
His resignation from the premiership and politics in 1979 was abrupt after collapsing due to ill health, but he would live for another 20 years, remaining a vocal and outspoken campaigner for progressive social policy.
The Don Dunstan Foundation was established shortly before his death in 1999, to honour his name and to help bring research, policy makers and community groups together, with the aim of improving meeting social needs in South Australia.
Dunstan was born on 21 September 1926 in Suva, Fiji to Francis Vivian Dunstan and Ida May Dunstan (née Hill) (Australian parents of Cornish descent).
His parents had moved to Fiji in 1916 after his father took up a position as manager of the Adelaide Steamship Company.
Dunstan was beset by illness, and his parents sent him to South Australia hoping that the drier climate would assist his recovery.
He lived in Murray Bridge for three years with his mother's parents before returning to Suva for a short period during his secondary education.
During his time in Fiji, Dunstan mixed easily with the Indian settlers and indigenous people, something that was frowned upon by the whites on the island.
He won a scholarship in classical studies and attended St Peter's College, a traditional private school for the sons of the Adelaide establishment.
In his youth, influenced by his uncle, former Liberal Lord Mayor of Adelaide Sir Jonathan Cain, Dunstan was a supporter of the conservative Liberal and Country League (LCL) and handed out how-to-vote cards for the party at state elections.
Studying law and arts at the University of Adelaide, he became very active in political organisations, joining the University Socialist Club, Fabian Society, the Student Representative Council and the Theatre Group.
His peculiarities, such as his upper-class accent, were a target of derision by the working-class Labor old guard throughout his early political involvement.
He eventually graduated with a double degree, with arts majors in Latin, comparative philology, history and politics, and he came first in political science.
After Dunstan graduated, he moved with his wife to Fiji where he was admitted to the bar and began his career as a lawyer.
They returned to Adelaide in 1951 and settled in George Street, Norwood, taking in boarders as a source of extra income.
His campaign was noted for his colourful methods to sway voters: posters of his face were placed on every pole in the district, and Labor supporters walked the streets advocating Dunstan.
He targeted in particular the large Italian migrant population of the district, distributing translated copies of a statement the sitting LCL member Roy Moir had made about immigrants.
Dunstan was to become the most vocal opponent of the LCL Government of Sir Thomas Playford, strongly criticising its practice of electoral malapportionment, known as the Playmander, a pun on the term gerrymander.
This system gave a disproportionate electoral weight to the LCL's rural base, with votes worth as much as ten times others − at the 1968 election the rural seat of Frome had 4,500 formal votes, while the metropolitan seat of Enfield had 42,000 formal votes.
He did not fear direct confrontation with the incumbent government and attacked it with vigour—up to this point most of his Labor colleagues had become dispirited by the Playmander, and were resigned to the ongoing dominance of Playford and LCL, so they were sought to influence policy through collaborative legislating.
In 1954, the LCL introduced the Government Electoral Bill, which was designed to further accentuate the undue weight on rural voters.
Such language, unusually aggressive by the prevailing standards, resulted in Dunstan's removal from the parliamentary chambers after he refused a request from the Speaker to retract his remark.
The first parliamentarian to be expelled in years, Dunstan found himself on the front pages of newspapers for the first time.
In December 1958 there occurred an event that initially had nothing to do with Playford, but eventually intensified into a debacle that was regarded as a turning point in his premiership and marked the end of his rule.
When Playford and the Executive Council decided not to reprieve Stuart, an appeal to the Privy Council was made to stall the execution.
This provoked worldwide controversy with claims of bias from Dunstan and Labor, who also attacked Playford for what they regarded as a too-restrictive scope of inquiry.
The vote was split along party lines and was thus defeated, but Dunstan used the opportunity to attack the Playmander with much effect in the media, portraying the failed legislation as an unjust triumph of a malapportioned minority who had a vengeance mentality over an electorally repressed majority who wanted a humane outcome.
Although a majority of those who spoke out against the handling of the matter—including Dunstan—thought that Stuart was probably guilty, the events provoked heated and bitter debate in South Australian society and destabilised Playford's administration, while bringing much publicity to Dunstan.
Federally, Dunstan, together with fellow Australian Fabian Society member Gough Whitlam, set about removing the White Australia policy from the Labor platform.
However, Dunstan persisted in his efforts, and in 1965 it was removed from the Labor platform at their national conference; Dunstan personally took credit for the change.
In 1962, the Aboriginal Affairs Bill was introduced to liberalise constraints that had been placed on Indigenous Australians in the past and had effectively resulted in segregation.
Dunstan was prominent in Labor's opposition to the double standards, and called for abolition of race-based restrictions, saying that social objectives could be achieved without explicit colour-based schemes.
However, his attempt to remove the different standards required of part and full-blooded Aborigines failed, as did his proposal to ensure that at least half of the members of the Aboriginal Affairs Board be Indigenous Australians.
Despite the passage of the bill, restrictions remained in place and Dunstan questioned the policy of assimilation of Aborigines, which he saw as the diluting of their distinctive cultures.
Labor won the seats of Glenelg and Barossa at the 1965 election, after winning the seats of Chaffey and Unley at the 1962 election.
Labor thus finally overcame the Playmander and formed government for the first time in 32 years, with Frank Walsh as Premier of South Australia.
Despite winning 55 percent of the primary vote, the Playmander was still strong enough that Labor won only 21 of 39 seats, a two-seat majority.
He was far and away the youngest member of the cabinet; he was the only minister under 50, and one of only three under 60.
Having only narrowly lost out on the leadership in 1960, Dunstan became the obvious successor to the 67-year-old Walsh, who was due to retire in 1967 under Labor rules of the time.
Despite a consistently higher statewide vote, Labor were consistently outnumbered 16–4 in the Legislative Council, so some desired legislation did not make it through.
In 1965, the legislature convened for 65 days, the most for 34 years, but many bills were still yet to be debated.
An economic depression had begun in South Australia after the Labor government gained office in 1965; unemployment went from the lowest in the country to the second highest, while immigration levels dropped.
If this was replicated at a state election, it was projected that Labor would only hold 10 of the 39 seats.
Much of the Labor Right faction, as well as Walsh, was opposed to Dunstan taking the leadership, but no other MPs had the same charisma or eloquence.
Eventually, Dunstan won the leadership over Des Corcoran, winning fourteen votes to eleven on the strength of rural and marginal Laborites, having trailed by one vote on the first count before less popular candidates were eliminated.
The 1967–68 budget ran into deficit, allocating funds to energise the economic engine whilst Dunstan lambasted the Federal Government for neglecting the South Australian economy, demanding it take a degree of responsibility for its ills.
In preparation for the 1968 election, Labor campaigned heavily around its leader, and this resonated with voters; in surveys conducted in parts of the metropolitan area, 84% of respondents declared their approval of Dunstan.
In a presidential-style election campaign, Hall and Dunstan journeyed across the state advocating their platforms, and the major issues were the leaders, the Playmander and the economy.
With his upbeat style, Dunstan also made an impact in the print media, which had long been a bastion of the LCL.
Despite winning a 52% majority of the primary vote, and 54% of the two-party preferred count, Labor lost two seats, resulting in a hung parliament: the LCL and Labor each had 19 seats.
The balance of power rested with the chamber's lone independent, Tom Stott, who was offered the speakership by the LCL in return for his support on the Assembly floor.
There was a degree of speculation in the press that Dunstan would call for a new election because of the adverse outcome.
However, Dunstan realised the futility of such a move and instead sought to humiliate the LCL into bringing an end to malapportionment.
Although Stott's decision to support the LCL ended any realistic chance of Dunstan remaining premier, Dunstan did not immediately resign his commission, intending to force Hall and the LCL to demonstrate that they had support on the floor of the Assembly when it reconvened.
However, the six weeks of protesting had brought nationwide criticism of the unfairness of the electoral system and put more pressure on the LCL to relent to reforms; it has been seen as one of the most important political events of its time.
The Hall Government continued many of the social reforms that the Walsh/Dunstan governments had initiated; most of these at the instigation of Hall or his Attorney-General, Robin Millhouse.
The conservative and rural factions of the League, notably in the Legislative Council dominated by the landed gentry, were bitterly opposed to some reforms, and more than once Hall was forced to rely on Labor support to see bills passed.
The LCL began to break apart; what had once been a united party was now factionalised—four distinct groups across the political spectrum appeared within the party.
During the term in opposition, Des Corcoran became Dunstan's deputy, and the pair worked together well despite any rift that may have been caused by the struggle to succeed Walsh.
He was embarrassed that the LCL was in a position to win government despite having clearly lost the first-preference vote, and was committed to a fairer electoral system.
While there was still a slight rural weighting (since Adelaide accounted for two-thirds of the state's population), with Adelaide now electing a majority of the legislature, historical results made a Labor win at the next election likely.
Even at the height of Playford's power in the 1950s, the LCL won almost no seats in the capital outside of the wealthy eastern crescent and around Holdfast Bay.
Under the circumstances, conventional wisdom was that Hall undertook electoral reform knowing he was effectively handing the premiership to Dunstan at the next election.
Stott withdrew support in 1970 over the Chowilla Dam, a dispute over the location of a dam on the Murray River, and South Australia went to the polls.
The dam controversy was not much of an election issue, and attempts by the Democratic Labor Party to portray Dunstan as a communist over his opposition to ongoing Australian support for South Vietnam had little effect.
Although the share of the votes had been similar to 1968, the dilution of the Playmander had changed the share of the seats.
Corcoran became the face of the Dunstan ministry in its relationship with the Labor caucus, with his ability to use his strong manner to settle disputes.
Bert Shard became Health Minister, overseeing the construction and planning of new, major public hospitals: the Flinders Medical Centre and Modbury Hospital.
Hugh Hudson took on the Education portfolio, an important role in a government that was determined to bring about profound change to the South Australian education system.
His Government, on a mandate to dramatically increase funding in key areas, sought to appropriate further finances from the Federal Government.
In addition to the money received from the Grants Commission, funds were diverted from water-storage schemes in the Adelaide Hills over the advice of engineers, and cash reserves were withdrawn from the two government-owned banks.
On the death in office of Governor Sir James Harrison in 1971, Dunstan finally had the chance to appoint the governor of his choosing: Sir Mark Oliphant, a physicist who had worked on the Manhattan Project.
Dunstan had never been happy that governors were usually British ex-servicemen; it was a personal goal of his to see an active and notable South Australian take on the role.
Although the post was ceremonial, Oliphant brought energy to the role, and he used his stature to decry damage to the environment caused by deforestation, excessive open-cut mining and pollution.
Oliphant's tenure was successful and held in high regard, although he did come into conflict with the premier at times as both men were outspoken and strong-willed.
Adelaide's population was set to increase to 1.3 million and the MATS plan and water-storage schemes were in planning to accommodate this.
These were summarily rejected by the Dunstan Government, which planned to build a new city 83 kilometres from Adelaide, near Murray Bridge.
Dunstan was very much against allowing Adelaide's suburbs to further sprawl, and thus Monarto was a major focus of his government.
He argued that the new South Eastern Freeway would allow a drive of only 45 minutes from Adelaide, that the city was not far from current industry, and that water could be readily supplied from the River Murray.
The government hoped that Adelaide would not sprawl into the Mount Lofty Ranges to the east and that the bureaucracy would be dispersed from the capital.
Environmental activists aired fears of the effects of Monarto on the River Murray, which was already suffering from pollution and salinity problems.
Workers saw increases in welfare, drinking laws were further liberalised, an Ombudsman was created, censorship was liberalised, seat belts were made mandatory, the education system was overhauled, and the public service was gradually increased (doubling in size during the Dunstan era).
A Commissioner of Consumer Affairs was created, a demerit point system was introduced to penalise poor driving practices in an attempt to cut the road toll, and compensation for workers was improved.
Police autonomy and powers were restricted following a rally in opposition to the Vietnam War, which was broken up by police, although Dunstan had wanted the demonstrators to be able to close off the street.
A royal commission was called into the police commissioner's disregard for Dunstan's orders, and resulted in legislation giving the government more control over the police; the commissioner then retired.
The dress code for the Parliament was relaxed during this period, the suit and tie was no longer seen as obligatory, and Dunstan himself caused media frenzy when he arrived at Parliament House in 1972 wearing pink shorts that ended above his knees.
Having played a part in Labor's abandonment of the White Australia Policy at national level, Dunstan was also prominent in promoting multiculturalism.
He was well known for his attendance at and patronage of Cornish, Italian and Greek Australian cultural festivals and his appreciation of Asian art, and sought to build on cultural respect to create trade links with Asia.
Dunstan's involvement in such cultural exchanges was also credited with generating strong support for Labor from ethnic and non-Anglo-Saxon immigrant communities, although it was viewed with suspicion by some in the Anglo-Saxon establishment.
Having been vocal in criticising Playford for sacrificing heritage to the march of development, Dunstan was prominent in protecting historic buildings from being bulldozed for high-rise office blocks.
In 1972, the government intervened to purchase and thereby save Edmund Wright House on King William Street from being replaced with a skyscraper.
His support of heritage preservation overlapped with his promotion of gourmet dining when his personal efforts helped to save the historic Ayers House on North Terrace, having it converted into a restaurant to avoid demolition.
Part of the rocky Hallett Cove on Gulf St Vincent in Adelaide's southern suburbs was developed for housing, as were vineyards in Morphettville, Tea Tree Gully, Modbury, and Reynella.
In pursuit of economic links with the nations of South-East Asia, Dunstan came into contact with the leaders of the Malaysian state of Penang in 1973.
Striking a note with Chong Eu Lim, the Chief Minister, Dunstan set about organising cultural and economic engagement between the two states.
Over a six-year period, government funding for the arts was increased by a factor of seven and in 1978, the South Australian Film Corporation commenced work.
Dunstan's support of the arts and fine dining was credited by commentators with attracting artists, craftspeople and writers into the state, helping to change its atmosphere.
The Legislative Council either watered down or outright rejected a considerable amount of Labor legislation; bills to legalise homosexuality, abolish corporal and capital punishment and allow gambling and casinos were rejected.
A referendum had indicated support for Friday night shopping, but Labor legislation was blocked in the upper house by the LCL.
The LCL were badly disunited; the more liberal wing of the party under Hall joined Dunstan in wanting to introduce universal suffrage for the upper house, while the more conservative members of the LCL did not.
The conservatives then decided to limit Hall's powers, resulting in his resignation and creation of the breakaway Liberal Movement (LM), which overtly branded itself as a semi-autonomous component within the LCL.
It was only the second time that a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a second term, the first being the early Thomas Price Labor government.
Labor entered the new term with momentum when a fortnight after the election, the LCL purged LM members from its ranks, forcing them to either quit the LM or leave the LCL and join the LM as a distinct party.
Two bills were prepared for Legislative Council reform; one to lower the voting age to 18 and introduce universal suffrage, and another to make councillors elected from a single statewide electorate under a system of proportional representation.
The LCL initially blocked both bills, stating that it would accept them only if modifications were made to the second one.
Changes were conceded; unlike the House of Assembly, voting would not be compulsory and the preference system was to be slightly altered.
Prior to the 1975 federal and state elections, Australia, and South Australia in particular, had been hit by a series of economic problems.
The 1973 oil crisis had massively increased the cost of living, domestic industry began to erode due to a lack of cost-competitiveness, and government funds were waning.
The LCL, now known as the Liberal Party, had rebuilt after internal schism and had modernised to make themselves more appealing to the public.
Having called an early election, Dunstan appealed to the electorate and pushed blame onto the Whitlam Government for South Australia's problems.
Labor remained the largest party in Parliament, but lost the two-party preferred vote at 49.2% and saw its numbers decrease from 26 to 23.
The LCL held 20 seats, the Liberal Movement two, the Country Party one, and the last remaining with an independent, the nominally Labor Mayor of Port Pirie, Ted Connelly.
Of the 11 seats up for election, Labor won six with 47.3% of the vote, and the LM two, allowing Labor a total of 10 seats.
It was the first time that a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a third term, and would be the first seven-year-incumbent Labor government.
Dunstan continued to try to push through further legislation; he sought to expand on the Hall Government's electoral-boundaries reform, to bring it closer to one vote one value.
The bill passed with the support of the breakaway LM in the upper house—former Premier Steele Hall and his former Attorney-General Robin Millhouse.
A psychic predicted that, due to Dunstan and the state's social liberalisation—which he saw as sinful—God would destroy Adelaide with a tsunami caused by an earthquake.
This was publicised by the media, prompting a not insignificant number of residents to sell their property and leave; some businesses had clearance sales while many who decided to stay indulged in doomsday parties.
He did so on 20 January, the day of the predicted storm, and nothing happened, although he made newspaper headlines in the United Kingdom for his defiance.
Some bills, such as the one to remove the sodomy law and decriminalise male homosexuality, had been initially blocked by the Legislative Council.
The first signs of Monarto's eventual failure began to appear: birth rates started dropping significantly, immigration slowed and the economy was stagnant.
However, state money continued to be poured into the Monarto project, despite the fact that the Whitlam government cut funding to $600,000 in 1975, while his Liberal successor Malcolm Fraser gave nothing at all the following year.
However, by the time Monarto was eventually scrapped after Dunstan's departure, no less than $20 million had been used to buy land, plant trees and formulate development plans, and the failed project is often seen as Dunstan's greatest failure.
After Oliphant's term had expired, Dunstan appointed the first Indigenous Australian Governor, Sir Douglas Nicholls, a former football player and clergyman.
The North West Aboriginal Reserve (NWAR) covered more than 7% of the state's land, and was inhabited by the Pitjantjatjara people.
In 1977, when the NWAR was about to be transferred to the Aboriginal Lands Trust, a tribal delegation asked for the lands to be given to the traditional owners.
This bill proposed for a tribal body, the Anangu Pitjantjatjaraku, to take control of the NWAR and further lands after the claims were cleared by an independent tribunal.
However, Labor lost power before the bill was passed and although the new Liberal government said they would remove the mining restrictions, mass public rallies forced them to relent, and a bill similar to Dunstan's was passed.
The legislation, the bedrock of which was laid by Dunstan, was the most reformist in Australia, and in the 1980s, more than 20% of the land was returned to its traditional owners.
Dunstan called another snap election in September at the 1977 election; he hoped to recover from the previous election, the outcome of which had been affected by the dismissal of the Federal Labor Government.
As the remnants of the Playmander had been abolished, conditions were more favourable for Labor and they wanted to end their reliance on the casting vote of the speaker.
It was the first time that a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a fourth term, and would be the first nine-year-incumbent Labor government.
While such an operation was of concern to Dunstan and his government for civil liberty reasons, its apparent party-political bias was even more concerning to them.
Only two Labor MPs, from both federal and state parliaments, did not have files, whereas the branch held significantly fewer files relating to Liberal figures.
Dunstan had known of the existence of the branch since 1970, but said that he had been assured by the police commissioner that its files were not systematically focused on left-wing political figures.
An inquiry was conducted into the branch by Justice White of the Supreme Court of South Australia, and the report was placed in Dunstan's hands on 21 December 1977.
It also noted that the reports overwhelmingly focused on left-wing politicians and activists, and that Dunstan had been misled by the police commissioner.
After reviewing the report, Dunstan sacked Police Commissioner Harold Salisbury in January and threatened to release the report to the public.
However, Salisbury had a reputation as a man of integrity, and controversy erupted regarding the inquiry and Dunstan's actions, and whether he had already known about the true contents of the files for several years, as claimed by Ward.
There were initially no other major controversies for Dunstan, although the economy remained poor and the Redcliff complex was still in limbo as an agreement with Dow was still to be finalised.
The financial difficulties forced a freeze on public sector expansion and hospital developments, and there were claims of theft and mismanagement in the health system, but the Liberals were in a disorganised state and unpopular, so they were not able to pressure Dunstan effectively.
Towards the end of the year, political and media scrutiny began to grow on Dunstan, who began to grow uneasy in his dealings with the press.
Soon after the Salisbury dismissal, he walked out of a stormy media conference after refusing to be drawn on the rumoured sacking of Seaman from the gubernatorial role.
The premier angrily denied claims that he was using government funds to build an opulent residence in Malaysia as well as claims about his sexual lifestyle.
Factional cracks began to appear in Labor and the discovery of uranium deposits near the northern outback town of Roxby Downs put the premier in a bind.
The uranium was seen as a valuable economic boost in difficult times, but a government ban on its mining on safety grounds was still in force.
Dunstan was opposed to uranium mining but he was seen as lacking in conviction by environmentalists, as well as being criticised by industrialists.
Together with Mike Rann, his Press Secretary, speechwriter and eventually Premier, who had worked with him in 1978 on a series of speeches on Aboriginal Land Rights, industrial democracy and women's rights, Dunstan made a uranium fact-finding trip to Europe to study safe methods of nuclear power and waste disposal.
When Parliament resumed, he collapsed on the floor of the House and was forced to use a walking stick; his doctor advised him that he required six months of rest to recover.
In a stage-managed press conference on 15 February 1979, Dunstan announced his retirement as premier from his room in Calvary Hospital while shaking and wearing a dressing gown.
The political scientist Andrew Parkin said that one of Dunstan's main achievements was to debunk the notion that state governments and parliaments lacked the ability to make significant reforms with profound impacts.
He cited Dunstan's sweeping social reforms and the fact that many other state governments followed South Australia's lead as evidence of this.
The Tonkin Liberal Government came to power and began reducing the size of the public service and abandoned the Monarto project.
Dunstan took a trip to Europe after being released from hospital, staying in Perugia for five months and pursuing Italian studies.
He subsequently returned home and lived quietly in Adelaide for three years without finding work that appealed to him, such as that related to the shaping of public policy.
It alleged inappropriate use of government funds and a homosexual affair with a restaurateur, John Ceruto, in return for political favours.
For his part, Dunstan said that he had yearned to be given a role in shaping and building the future of his native state, but that he had been snubbed for three years.
He said that public figures in South Australia had told him that his high profile and ability to overshadow others could have caused a loss of face to them, and thus his departure would be seen favourably by them, while Victoria's offer gave him an opportunity to be constructive.
Dunstan stayed in the Director of Tourism role until 1986, when he returned to Adelaide after falling out with the government of John Cain.
His retirement from these positions followed the provocative publication of a photograph of him with Monsignor Porcamadonna, member of the gay community Order of Perpetual Indulgence, taken after he had launched a collection of coming out stories by gay historian Gary Wotherspoon.
In his retirement, Dunstan continued to be a passionate critic of economic rationalism (neoliberalism) and privatisation, particularly of South Australia's water, gas and electricity supplies.
A year before his death, the ailing Dunstan decried Labor's economic rationalism in front of 5,000 at the Gough Whitlam Lecture.
Regardless of the acclaim in which he was held during his decade in power, Dunstan was largely overlooked for honours after leaving office and largely ignored by the state's elite.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in June 1979, but no national parks or gardens were named after him.
Whilst living in Norwood and studying at university, Dunstan met his first wife, Gretel Elsasser, whose Jewish family had fled Nazi Germany to Australia.
The family was forced to live in squalor for a number of years while Dunstan established his legal practice; during this time, they took in boarders as a source of extra income.
She was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer in May 1978, and died in October after Dunstan had cared for her at her bedside for months.
He was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1993 before contracting an inoperable lung cancer, which led to his death on 6 February 1999.
A public memorial service was held on 9 February at the Adelaide Festival Centre as a tribute to Dunstan's love of the arts.
In attendance were former Labor Prime Ministers Gough Whitlam and Bob Hawke, Federal Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, Premier John Olsen, and State Opposition Leader Mike Rann.
The Don Dunstan Foundation was established at the University of Adelaide shortly before his death to push for progressive change and to honour Dunstan's memory.
The foundation's primary work is the giving of scholarships; an additional aim is to promote causes championed by Dunstan such as human rights, social equality, multiculturalism and aboriginal rights.
The Electoral Commission of South Australia's 2012 redistribution included renaming the seat of Norwood to Dunstan which came into existence as of the 2014 election.
In 1988 Dunstan donated a collection of files pertaining to his political, professional and personal life, photographs, press clippings, speeches and press releases, audiovisual material, books from his library, some items of clothing and other memorabilia to Flinders University Library, where it can be viewed and accessed for research purposes (see External links).
Since its commencement in 2003, the Adelaide Film Festival has presented The Don Dunstan Award in recognition of outstanding contribution by an individual to the Australian film industry.
After receiving the award in 2013, Hicks acknowledged Dunstan's vision for the creation of a film industry in South Australia as being instrumental to his professional development.
Most of Maxthon's engineers are based in the corporate headquarters in Beijing, which develops and maintains versions of the Maxthon browser for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and Windows Phone.
In 2005, the firm received seed funding from venture capital firm WI Harper Group and Morten Lund, the first Skype investor, and Chen moved the company to Beijing.
Maxthon was one of the twelve browsers Microsoft presented in 2010 at BrowserChoice.eu, a website allowing users of Windows residing in the European Economic Area to choose which default web browser to use on their computer.
As of August 2012, Maxthon is still in the first tier of browsers in BrowserChoice.eu after the removal of Apple Safari.
However, researchers found the data still being collected and sent to remote servers even after users explicitly opt out of the program.
According to Maxthon CEO Jeff Chen, this was due to a bug that was fixed as soon as Maxthon was made aware of the issue.
Maxthon version 1, which continued version 0 of MyIE2, was an Internet Explorer shell that implemented a tabbed browser using the Trident web browser engine which Microsoft introduced with Internet Explorer 4.
Development of version 1 stopped in 2010 with the so-called Maxthon (Classic), version 1.6.7.35; earlier releases are available from Maxthon, and version 1.6.7.35, which fixed a bug in selecting the default search engine, is still available at other download sites.
A later modification in 2008 was the first browser on the market to offer cloud-based services for syncing bookmarks and history.
Version 2.x also blocks malicious plug-ins to prevent pop-ups and floating ads, and supports a variety of plug-in tools and IE extensions.
Maxthon Passport allowed users to sign-in and register for free membership, and their avatar remains in that space for future visits.
On September 15, 2014, Maxthon released a beta version for a Windows web browser made for those with slow computers or internet connections.
In the 5.2.x versions, the core of the browser is updated to the Chromium 61 branch point which suggests that the core is using Blink, a fork of WebKit.
It allows Mac users with a Maxthon Passport account to keep all user data in sync across different devices and operating systems.
Maxthon Mobile for Android, a version for Android phones, was first released in 2010, followed in 2011 by a version optimized for 10 inch tablets.
Maxthon Cloud Browser for iOS saves and syncs key settings, content and features for users across multiple platforms and other devices.
Antigenic drift is a kind of genetic variation in viruses, arising by the accumulation of mutations in the virus genes that code for virus-surface proteins that host antibodies recognize.
This results in a new strain of virus particles that is not effectively inhibited by the antibodies that prevented infection by previous strains.
The immune system recognizes viruses when antigens on the surfaces of virus particles bind to immune receptors that are specific for these antigens.
After an infection or after vaccination, the body produces many more of these virus-specific immune receptors, which prevent re-infection by this particular strain of the virus; this is called acquired immunity.
If one of these new forms of an antigen is sufficiently different from the old antigen, it will no longer bind to the antibodies or immune-cell receptors, allowing the mutant virus to infect people who were immune to the original strain of the virus because of prior infection or vaccination.
A second type of change is antigenic shift, where the virus acquires a completely new version of one of its surface-protein genes from a distantly related influenza virus.
The rate of antigenic drift is dependent on two characteristics: the duration of the epidemic, and the strength of host immunity.
A longer epidemic allows for selection pressure to continue over an extended period of time and stronger host immune responses increase selection pressure for development of novel antigens.
The hemagglutinin is responsible for binding and entry into host epithelial cells while the neuraminidase is involved in the process of new virions budding out of host cells.
Antigenic drift allows for evasion of these host immune systems by small mutations in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes that make the protein unrecognizable to pre-existing host immunity.
In human populations, immune (vaccinated) individuals exert selective pressure for single point mutations in the hemagglutinin gene that increase receptor binding avidity, while naive individuals exert selective pressure for single point mutations that decrease receptor binding avidity.
Specifically, 18 specific codons in the HA1 domain of the hemagglutinin gene have been identified as undergoing positive selection to change their encoded amino acid.
To meet the challenge of antigenic drift, vaccines that confer broad protection against heterovariant strains are needed against seasonal, epidemic and pandemic influenza.
As in all RNA viruses, mutations in influenza occur frequently because the virus' RNA polymerase has no proofreading mechanism, resulting in an error rate between and substitutions per site per year during viral genome replication.
Mutations in the surface proteins allow the virus to elude some host immunity, and the numbers and locations of these mutations that confer the greatest amount of immune escape has been an important topic of study for over a decade.
Antigenic drift has been responsible for heavier-than-normal flu seasons in the past, like the outbreak of influenza H3N2 variant A/Fujian/411/2002 in the 2003–2004 flu season.
He was an early radical liberal Premier of South Australia serving from 1893 to 1899 with the support of Labor led by John McPherson from 1893 and Lee Batchelor from 1897 in the House of Assembly, winning the 1893, 1896 and 1899 colonial elections against the conservatives.
He was a leading proponent of and contributed extensively on the Federation of Australia and was elected to the federal House of Representatives with the most votes amongst the seven elected in the single statewide Division of South Australia at the 1901 election, serving under the Protectionist Party, going on to represent the Division of Adelaide at the 1903 election.
Kingston was born in Adelaide, the son of Sir George Kingston, a Protestant Irish-born surveyor, architect and landowner in the early days of British settlement in South Australia and later a member of the first Parliament of South Australia.
Charles was educated at the Adelaide Educational Institution (schoolmate S. J. Magarey was born just one day later than him) and served his articles with Sir Samuel Way, Adelaide's leading lawyer and later Attorney-General of South Australia.
He was called to the bar in 1873, despite the objection of the elder brother of his future wife, Lucy May McCarthy on the grounds of Kingston's alleged seduction of her.
They had no children, but in a remarkable gesture, Lucy took in a child, Kevin Kingston, whom Kingston had fathered with another woman, Elizabeth Watson, in 1883.
He was jailed for the gunshot wounding of a cabdriver in June 1884 and killed himself after losing an important case in Port Augusta.
Kingston had a passion for Australian rules football in South Australia and helped formulate its code and was President of the South Australian Football Club.
In April 1881, Kingston was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly as a radical liberal for the seat of West Adelaide.
He was described by William Maloney as the originator of the White Australia Policy, although this policy was supported by virtually all Australian politicians at the time of federation.
Kingston was Attorney-General of South Australia from 1884 to 1885 in the government of John Colton and again in 1887-89 in the government of Tom Playford.
In 1893, he succeeded Playford as leader of the South Australian liberals and defeated the conservative premier, John Downer, to become premier from 1893 to 1899, a record at the time of six-and-a-half years, not to be broken until Thomas Playford IV and Kingston was also Chief Secretary and Attorney-General and Minister for Industry from 1895 to 1899.
Kingston came to office with the support of a new third party, the South Australian division of the Labor Party, led by John McPherson, which held the balance of power.
A big, imposing man with a full beard, a booming voice and a violent, cutting debating style, Kingston dominated the small world of South Australian colonial politics in the 1890s.
Kingston had not supported votes for women at the 1893 elections but was subsequently persuaded by his ministerial colleagues, John Cockburn and Frederick Holder of its political advantages and lobbied by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
Women's suffrage in Australia took a leap forward, enacted in 1895 and taking effect from that year's election, South Australia was the first in Australia and only the second in the world, after New Zealand, to allow women to vote, and it was the first in the world to allow women to stand for election.
Kingston's government also established the state bank of South Australia, regulated factories, imposed death duties, and increased land tax and progressive income taxes.
When Tom Buxton was appointed Governor of South Australia, Kingston was angry that the government had not been involved in the decision and so made life as hard as possible for Buxton and his family.
A leading supporter of Federation, Kingston was a delegate to the Constitutional Conventions of 1891 and 1897 to 1898 which worked to draft an Australian Constitution.
In 1897, he travelled to London for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, where he was made a Privy Councillor and awarded an honorary Doctor of Civil Laws degree by Oxford University.
In 1899, Kingston's government was defeated in the House on a bill relating to the reform of the Legislative Council, leading to Kingston's resignation as Premier.
He was a leading figure in the popular movement for federation, and in 1900, he travelled to London with Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin to oversee the passage of the federation bill through the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
When the Constitution came into effect on 1 January 1901, Barton formed the first federal ministry, and Kingston was appointed Minister for Trade and Customs.
In March 1901, he was elected as one of seven statewide members of the Division of South Australia in the first Australian House of Representatives.
Kingston topped the poll, with 65% of the vote; South Australia was not divided into electoral divisions in time for that election.
Most of his time as minister was spent negotiating a customs bill through both houses of the Parliament since no party had a majority in either house, and the forces of the Free Trade Party resisted his bill at every stage.
He also insisted on involving himself in the administrative details of his department and insisted on prosecutions of businesses to enforce his high-tariff policies.
In July 1903, Kingston resigned suddenly in a fit of anger from the opposition of John Forrest and Edmund Barton to his attempt to impose conciliation and arbitration on British and foreign seamen engaged in the Australian coastal trade.
He never held office again, and although Labor offered him a position in Chris Watson's ministry, he turned it down, presumably because of ill health.
Kingston died in Adelaide of a sudden stroke in May 1908 and was buried at the local West Terrace Cemetery, survived by his increasingly-eccentric wife.
Kingston's body was exhumed in March 2008, nearly 100 years after his death because two people thought they may be his direct descendants from one of his illegitimate children.
It is claimed that Kingston was ostracised by Adelaide society for his sexual indiscretions and that he fathered at least six illegitimate children.
A popular national symbol in Serbia since the beginning of the early 20th century, it is typically black, grey or green in colour and is usually made of soft, homemade cloth.
It became widely worn by Serb men during the First Serbian Uprising and was a key component in the uniform of the Serbian military from the beginning of the 19th century until the end of the 20th century.
It became widely worn amongst Serbs at the time of the First Serbian Uprising, when the men of Serbian revolutionary Karađorđe Petrović began discarding their fezzes in favour of the cap.
After the war, the wearing of the hat in Bosnia was made obligatory by Serbian authorities in place of the fez.
Bosnian Serb reservists and paramilitaries wore the cap during the 1992–95 Bosnian War, and it was later adopted by Bosnian Serb forces to be the official headgear of the Army of Republika Srpska (, VRS).
Following the 1991 Battle of Vukovar, fought during the Croatian War of Independence, Croatian Serb authorities erected gravestones to the Serb soldiers who were killed fighting for the city.
After Vukovar's reintegration into Croatia the gravestones were repeatedly vandalized, leading the Serb community in the town to replace them with more neutral gravestones without any overt military connotations.
It is commonly worn by elderly men in the Serbian countryside, whereas Serbian youth wear traditional costumes only for folklore concerts.
The Movement Action Plan is a strategic model for waging nonviolent social movements developed by Bill Moyer, a US social change activist.
The MAP, initially developed by Moyer in the late 1970s, uses case studies of successful social movements to illustrate eight distinct stages through social movements' progress, and is designed to help movement activists choose the most effective tactics and strategies to match their movements' current stage.
Shipman resides in Illinois with his family and, at times, makes appearances as a guest artist at comic conventions in the region.
in 2018, Shipman started a Patreon account and began regularly live streaming drawing sessions on his YouTube channel where he chats and interacts with fans from around the world.
In 2015, Shipman illustrated a label for the Rot Berry (strawberry) flavor of Deadworld Zombie Soda, and the associated trading card series.
In 2018, Shipman was a contributing artist to the Rick and Morty trading cards season 1 set produced by Cryptozoic Entertainment.
Generative music is a term popularized by Brian Eno to describe music that is ever-different and changing, and that is created by a system.
The term has since gone on to be used to refer to a wide range of music, from entirely random music mixes created by multiple simultaneous CD playback, through to live rule-based computer composition.
In 1995 Brian Eno started working with SSEYO's Koan Pro software, work which led to the 1996 publication of his title 'Generative Music 1 with SSEYO Koan Software'.
In 2007 SSEYO evolved Koan into what became Intermorphic Noatikl, and eventually Noatikl itself evolved into Wotja; Wotja X was launched in 2018 for all of iOS, macOS, Windows and Android.
Eno's early relationship with SSEYO Koan and Intermorphic co-founder Tim Cole was captured and published in his 1995 diary A Year with Swollen Appendices.
Music composed from analytic theories that are so explicit as to be able to generate structurally coherent material (Loy and Abbott 1985; Cope 1991).
This perspective has its roots in the generative grammars of language (Chomsky 1956) and music (Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1983), which generate material with a recursive tree structure.
An example of this technique is Joseph Nechvatal's Viral symphOny: a collaborative electronic noise music symphony created between the years 2006 and 2008 using custom artificial life software based on a viral model.
There are two types of ultramarathon events: those that cover a specified distance or route; and those that last for a predetermined period of time (with the winner covering the most distance in that time).
The 100 kilometers is recognized as an official world record event by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the world governing body of track and field.
The format of these events and the courses vary, ranging from single loops (some as short as a track), to point-to-point road or trail races, to cross-country rogaines.
Many of these races are run on dirt roads or mountain paths, though some are run on paved roads as well.
Usually, there are aid stations, perhaps every , where runners can replenish food and drink supplies or take a short break.
There are some self-supported ultramarathon stage races in which each competitor has to carry all their supplies including food to survive the length of the race, typically a week.
The International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) organises the World Championships for various ultramarathon distances, including , , 24 hours, and ultra trail running, which are also recognized by the IAAF.
Many countries around the world have their own ultrarunning organizations, often the national athletics federation of that country, or are sanctioned by such national athletics organizations.
Furthermore, the non-competitive International Marching League event Nijmegen Four Days March has a regulation distance of 4 × 50 km over four days for those aged 19–49.
In August 2019, Zach Bitter ran 11:19:13 for 100 miles at the Pettit Center in Milwaukee and continued to reach 168.792 km in 12 hours.
At the 2019 IAU 24 Hour World Championship, Camille Herron improved her 24-hour World Best and a new Championship record with 270.116 km.
Patrycja Bereznowska recorded a distance of 401 km in 48 hours in 2018 but this performance does not appear to have been ratified so far by the IAU.
There are four IAU World Championships: the IAU 100 km World Championships, IAU 50 km World Championships, IAU 24 Hour World Championship, and the IAU Trail World Championships.
Australia is also the home of one of the oldest six-day races in the world, the Cliff Young Australian 6-day race, held in Colac, Victoria.
The race is held on a 400-meter circuit at the Memorial Square in the centre of Colac, and has seen many close races since its inception in 1984.
The Coast to Kosciuszko inaugurated in 2004, is a marathon from the coast to the top of Mount Kosciuszko, Australia's highest mountain.
Many new races have come into inception, covering a range of ultramarathon distances from 50 km right through to multi-day events.
The cornerstone of Australian Ultra events being such races as Ultra-Trail Australia 100, Bogong to Hotham, Alpine Challenge, and the Cradle Mountain Run.
The runners have to contend with rising tides and soft beach sand and the March race dates often means the race is run in the cyclone season.
The Tarawera Ultramarathon is currently one of the most competitive ultras in New Zealand and part of the Ultra-Trail World Tour.
In December 2013 in Auckland, Kim Allan ran 500 km in 86 hours, 11 minutes, and 9 seconds, breaking the women's record.
In April 2013, a Feilding man, Perry Newburn, set a new New Zealand record by running without sleep at Feilding's Manfield Park.
New Caledonia Trail Festival has several annual Ultramarathon including the Ultra Trail New Caledonia 136 km / 6 000m D+ and the Endurance Shop Trail race 70 km / 3 000m D+ on Pentecost long Week end.
Papua New Guinea has the Kokoda Challenge Race, an annual 96 km endurance race held in late August that runs the length of the historic Kokoda Track.
Papua New Guinea also has the Great Kokoda Race, a multi-stage 96 km (3-day) race held in early July where competitors run or walk the length of the Kokoda Track.
In Europe, ultrarunning can trace its origins with early documentation of ultrarunners from Icelandic sagas, or ancient Greece from where the idea of the Marathon, and the Spartathlon comes.
Also worth mentioning is the ultramarathon CajaMar Tenerife Bluetrail, the highest race in Spain and second in Europe, with the participation of several countries and great international repercussions.
This includes the Harz Run in the Harz Mountains, the Irish Connemarathon, the British Spine Race and Welsh Dragon's Back Race which covers 315 km with 15,500m of height gain.
The other races in the UTMB festival, including the CCC, TDS and OCC, are also significant events in the ultrarunning calendar.
Due to logistics and environmental concerns there are only a handful of ultramarathons held in Antarctica, and travel costs can mean entrance fees as high as $14,000.
Ultramarathons in Antarctica include: The Last Desert, part of the 4 Deserts Race Series, a multi-stage footrace, and the Antarctic Ice Marathon – a marathon and 100-kilometer race.
The race began unofficially in 1974, when local horseman Gordy Ainsleigh's horse for the 100-mile Tevis Cup horse race came up lame.
One of the first documented ultramarathons in North America was held in 1926, and at the time was part of the Central American Games.
Tomas Zafiro and Leoncio San Miguel, both Tarahumara Indians, ran 100 km from Pachuca to Mexico City in 9 hours and 37 minutes.
At the time, the Mexican government petitioned to include a 100 km race in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam; however, nothing came of these efforts.
In 1928, sports agent C. C. Pyle organized the first of two editions of the 3,455-mile-long Bunion Derby (the first went along U.S. Route 66 from Los Angeles to Chicago before heading toward New York; the 1929 Derby reversed the route).
Since 1997, runners have been competing in the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race, which is billed as the longest official footrace in the world.
They run 100 laps a day for up to 50 days around a single block in Queens, NY, for a total distance of .
The latest Trans-American Footrace (2015) winner was Robert HP Young (Marathon Man UK), winning in a time of 482 hours and 10 minutes.
Candidates for the Hall of Fame are chosen from the 'modern era' of American ultras, beginning with the New York Road Runners Club 30 Mile race held in 1958.
The Inaugural inductees were Ted Corbitt, a former US Olympian, winner of the aforementioned race in 3:04:13, and co-founder of the Road Runners Club of America, and Sandra Kiddy, who began her ultra career at age 42 with a world record at 50 kilometers, 3:36:56, and who went on to set a number of US and world ultra records.
110 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 4500m, 160 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 8000m and 200 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 9000m.
There is other edition of the race (Short & Half) in Villa San Javier, Cordoba with 2 distances, 35k and 70k.
In April 2019 for the 1st time UTMB took place in Ushuaia (Ushuaia by UTMB) A very tough race facing the wild Patagonia weather with 4 different distances, 35k, 50k, 70k and 130k.
The race brings together in one competition all the landscapes and geographies of the southern Andes (forests, rocky terrains, mountains, hills, glaciers, lakes, rivers and wetlands, among others) The race has a technical, non-stop format and is ruled by the principle of semi-autonomy.
Also the UTACCH – Ultra Amanecer Comechingón with 7 different distances, 16k, 26k, 42k, and 4 ultras of 55k, 70k, 110k and 100 miles.
Many ultramarathon organizers are members of the International Trail Running Association (ITRA), an organization which promotes values, diversity, health and safety during races, as well as working to further the development of trail running and helps to coordinate between the national and international bodies with an interest in the sport.
ITRA also evaluates of the difficulty of specific ultramarathon routes according to a number of criteria, such as the distance, the cumulative elevation gain, and the number of loops and stages.
Averill Park is an urban park located in Los Angeles City Council District 15 (San Pedro, Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California.
Solange Piaget Knowles (; born June 24, 1986), also known mononymously as Solange, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, performance artist, and actress.
Expressing an interest in music from an early age, Knowles had several temporary stints as a backup dancer for Destiny's Child, which featured her elder sister, Beyoncé, among its members, before signing with her father Mathew Knowles's Music World Entertainment label.
She is frequently compared by the media to her sister, Beyoncé, but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different.
Her father, originally from Alabama, is African American, and her mother, originally from Texas, is Creole (with Cameroonian, Native American, and French ancestry).
During the group's opening stint for American pop singer Christina Aguilera's tour, Knowles temporarily replaced Destiny's Child member Kelly Rowland after she broke her toes backstage during a costume change.
In June 2003, Mathew Knowles excitedly announced that he was considering adding Solange to Destiny's Child when the group reunited in 2004, thus turning them into a quartet for the first time since short-lived member Farrah Franklin left in 2000.
In support of the album, Knowles began the Solange Presents Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Tour in Britain in November 2008.
She also revealed on her Twitter account that she rented a house in Santa Barbara, California to get into a certain state of mind while writing and making music.
Knowles revealed in an interview that her mother Tina Knowles had paid for Solange and her friends to fly out and record the video as her birthday gift.
On May 14, 2013, Knowles moved to Louisiana and announced that she had launched her own record label named Saint Records, which she will be using to release her third full-length album and future music projects distributed through Sony.
On October 15, 2018, it was announced by Knowles that she would be releasing her fourth studio album in the Fall during an interview with New York Times Style Magazine.
On January 3, 2019, the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival announced that Solange would co-headline the stage with Tame Impala.
She previously teased the album by posting two video snippets on her Instagram and Twitter, and a personal web page on the African-American social networking site, BlackPlanet.
Knowles cites as her influences Motown girl groups such as The Supremes and The Marvelettes, and Martha Reeves, lead singer of Martha and the Vandellas.
She has been doing this since she was nine years old, and has collaborated with a number of songwriters and producers.
Knowles' lyrics tackle relationships, world issues, and deceased friends, with her second album focusing on events in her life, such as marriage, divorce, and parenthood.
Her knack for bold colors, mixed prints and retro styles as well as her knack for glamorous, fashion-forward looks in her music videography and public appearances has become integral to her current image.
Since trimming off her straightened hair, her nostalgic and modern afro hairstyles have captured the attention of the media and the public alike.
At the 2017 Glamour Women of the Year awards, Knowles wore a yellow Jean-Paul Gaultier couture gown and was named a Woman of the Year.
Knowles is an activist for the Black Lives Matter movement and has openly made many statements in opposition to police brutality against African Americans.
She is the executive producer of the CD, composed of updated hip hop inspired nursery rhymes, which is featured in all of the toys.
On October 18, 2004, Knowles gave birth to their son, Daniel Julez J. Smith Jr. Knowles calls her son the greatest unplanned blessing, but has partly expressed regret that she bore a child at an early age.
On May 12, 2014, TMZ released security video footage of Knowles physically assaulting brother-in-law, Jay-Z and being restrained by a security guard in an elevator at The Standard, High Line, in Manhattan, following the 2014 Met Gala.
Jay-Z remained passive and did not retaliate while her sister Beyoncé, who was also present, did not react to either party throughout the altercation.
The university is one of the largest and most comprehensive HBCUs in the nation with over 10,000 students enrolled and over 100 academic programs.
TSU is a leading producer of college degrees to African Americans and Hispanics in Texas and ranks fourth in the United States in doctoral and professional degrees conferred to African Americans.
The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Also, the university serves as a notable economic resource for Greater Houston, contributing over $500 million to the region's gross sales and being directly and indirectly responsible for over 3,000 jobs.
Texas Southern University intercollegiate sports teams, collectively known as the Tigers, compete in NCAA Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
On March 7, 1927, the Houston Independent School District board resolved to establish junior colleges for each race, as the state was racially segregated in all public facilities.
The resolution created Houston Junior College, which later became the University of Houston, and Houston Colored Junior College, which first held classes at Jack Yates High School during the evenings.
In an attempt to not integrate University of Texas Law School, the state of Texas made several offers to Heman Marion Sweatt to keep him from going to court.
Some black leaders welcomed the idea of having another state supported university in Texas, while many others felt as though the university was created to solely avoid the integration of the University of Texas, as well as other white institutions.
As a result, the Fiftieth Texas Legislature passed Texas Senate Bill 140 on March 3, 1947, authorizing and funding the creation of Texas State University for Negroes as the first state university to be located in Houston.
The school was established to serve African Americans in Texas and offer them fields of study comparable to those available to white Texans.
The state took over the Houston Independent School District (HISD)-run Houston College for Negroes as a basis for the new university.
The success of their efforts inspired more sit-ins throughout the city, which, within months, led to the desegregation of many of Houston's public establishments.
Today, a historical marker commissioned by the Texas Historical Commission stands on the property of the first sit-in to commemorate the courageous acts of those TSU students.
TSU journalism professor Serbino Sandifer-Walker worked for nearly two years with the Texas Historical Commission, the original students who led the march, and many other stakeholders, to have the historic marker designated on March 4, 2010, the fiftieth anniversary of that sit-in.
When officers responded thousands of shots were fired and there were injuries on both sides including a death of a police officer.
Although media sources reported this as a riot, there were no reports of looting, destruction of property, or resistance of any arrest.
Furthermore, the reports failed to mention the prior invasion of police officers on campus, or the reports of students getting roughed up on campus.
The police raid caused over $10,000 of damage and it was reported over 3,000 shots were fired into the Lanier dormitory.
There was little coverage that, the five students whom were charged with conspiracy and incitement of riot were all exonerated due to lack of evidence, or that the police officer died not from student fire, but the ricochet of Houston Police Department bullets.
It, as part of the Black Power movement, was Johnson's senior project, as the university at the time allowed its students to create murals on campus property.
In 2008 incoming TSU president John Rudley had the murals painted over with white paint, stating that they were not high quality enough.
In addition to having 35 labs, the facility is home to a Tier 1 University Transportation Center, the Center for Transportation Training and Research, and the National Science Foundation Center for Research on Complex Networks.
The departments of Engineering, Transportation Studies, Computer Science, Industrial Technology, Physics, and Aviation Science and Technology academic programs are housed in the building.
TSU is the only four-year state supported university in Texas to offer a Pilot Ground School course and the first HBCU to implement a Maritime Transportation degree program.
Jesse H. Jones (JHJ) School of Business is located in a three-story, 76,000-square-foot building completed in 1998 and accommodates 1,600 students in undergraduate and graduate studies.
The College of Education building consists of the Department of Counseling, the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the Department of Educational Administration & Foundations, and the Department of Health and Kinesiology.
An extensive set of curricular offerings is provided through the Barbara Jordan - Mickey Leland School Of Public Affairs, which offers courses in Administration of Justice (AJ), Political Science (POLS), Public Affairs (PA), Military Science (MSCI), and Urban Planning & Environmental Policy (UPEP) on the undergraduate, graduate, or doctoral level.
On January 22, 2018, the university published a new establishment Center for Justice Research (CJR) in the Barbara Jordan-Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs.
The award is granted by Charles Koch Foundation and Koch Industries, the two institutions that allow students and scholars to discover diversity ideas and perceptions with more than 300 colleges and universities nationwide.
The TSU Science Center building is home to several scholastic programs, such as the Houston Louis Stokes Alliance Minority Program (H-LSAMP) and the Thomas Freeman Honors College.
It also houses several research programs, such as the NASA University Research Center for Bio-Nanotechnology and Environmental Research (NASA URC C-BER), Maritime Transportation Studies and Research, as well as the STEM research program.
Programs such as TSU's NASA University Research Center (C-BER) and participation in The Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Preparation Program (LSAMP) support undergraduate, graduate and faculty development while helping to increase the number of US citizens receiving degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields.
The 2016 pharmacy graduates had a 90% first-attempt pass rate on the NAPLEX which was above the national average (85%), third highest in Texas, and highest among HBCUs.
The Thurgood Marshall School of Law (TMSL) is one of six public law schools in Texas and ranks as one of the most diverse law schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report.
The Ernest S. Sterling Student Life Center (SSLC) provides cultural, social, recreational, educational and religious programs and services for students, faculty, staff, alumni and guests.
Constructed in 1969, the Newman Center is a welcoming faith community that serves all students, faculty, staff, and alumni of Texas Southern University.
As a welcoming faith community, it offers spiritual guidance, fellowship, and a clean and functional facility where students may interact with peers, study, and pray.
The Tiger Walk is the maroon and gray paved central street on campus where most of TSU outdoor social activities are held and a popular destination for students to relax or socialize.
Tiger Walk North extension was completed in 2012 along the closed Tierwester Street in front of the School of Public Affairs building.
Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO) operates public transportation services, including buses and the METRORail tram service, which serve the university.
In June 2019 Texas Southern University became home to the region’s first Shared Autonomous Shuttle in conjunction with a partnership between METRO, TSU and the Houston-Galveston Area Council.
The shuttle can carry up to 15 passengers and travels using a pre-programmed route, equipped with a sensor and intelligent vehicle system to detect obstacles and avoid collisions.
Approximately 86% of the student body is from Texas; the top three counties of origin for in-state students are Harris County, Fort Bend County, and Dallas County.
The top three state origins for out-of-state students are California, Louisiana, and Georgia, and the top three country origins of international students are Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and China.
Some of the most well-known ones are electing a Mister and Miss TSU and Royal Court, Labor Day Classic festivities, Tiger Day/Tigre Dia, TSU founding day celebration, Springfest week, the TSU Shuffle (line dance), and homecoming week.
Freeman has led the team for over 60 years and is credited for training notable leaders such as former U.S. Congresswoman Barbara Jordan, and civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. while serving as a visiting professor at Morehouse College.
Texas Southern's marching band the Ocean of Soul has won numerous awards and performed at Super Bowls, The Stellar Awards, various parades, NBA and Houston Texans games.
Women's varsity sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, dance (TSU Tiger Sensations), Cheer, track and field, and volleyball.
The lady tigers softball team won their first and second SWAC conference championship back to back years in 2014 & 2015.
In addition to serving as a training unit for TSU students, the station was established to serve the university at the program level as well as the community by presenting various types of TSU athletics, educational, cultural and social programs to a primarily listening area within a radius of the university.
A 1973 survey indicated that radio was generally the preferred source of information of African-Americans, particularly those with less than a high school education.
According to the Arbitron Rating Service (ARS), KTSU has an audience of 244,700 listeners and is number one overall of Houston and Galveston stations for its Sunday format and its Friday format of Golden Oldies.
The Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988, title VII, subtitle N of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, , , is part of a United States Act of Congress which places stringent record-keeping requirements on the producers of actual, sexually explicit materials.
Part 75), part of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, require producers of sexually explicit material to obtain proof of age for every model they shoot, and retain those records.
On October 23, 2007, the 6th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that the record keeping requirements were facially invalid because they imposed an overbroad burden on legitimate, constitutionally protected speech.
75 (also known as the 2257 regulations), specifies record-keeping requirements for those wishing to produce sexually explicit media, and imposes criminal penalties for failure to comply.
The regulations also spell out requirements for the maintenance, categorization, location, and inspection of records, as well as legal grounds for exemption of these requirements.
They require that records be maintained for five years after the dissolution of a business that had been required to maintain them.
The Department of Justice can modify the regulations, based on the discretion, or possible future requirements, that has been given to it to do so by the Act.
It is clear there is much sexual material on the Internet and elsewhere that would fall within the terms of this law.
At present, the Department of Justice has only implemented one specific case based primarily on the new 2257 laws and its supportive regulations.
However, Francis and the company entered guilty pleas on three counts of failing to keep the required records and seven labeling violations for its series of DVDs and videos before U.S. District Judge Richard Smoak, agreeing to pay $2.1 million in fines and restitution.
Also in 2006, the FBI, under the direction of United States attorney general John Ashcroft, began checking the 2257 records of several pornography production companies.
The final regulations implementing Congressional amendments to 2257, termed 2257A, were updated December 18, 2008 and went into effect on the same day as the inauguration of Barack Obama.
On that same day, January 20, 2009, President Obama, through Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel, requested by memorandum that heads of departments allow for review by the incoming administration of all regulations not then final.
The initial iteration of 2257, first passed in 1988, mandated that producers keep records of the age and identity of performers and affix statements as to the location of the records to depictions.
The same plaintiffs challenged the amended statute and accompanying regulations, but the new version was upheld by American Library Association v. Reno, 33 F.3d 78 (D.C. Cir.
In 2004, bound by the new PROTECT Act of 2003, the DOJ made sweeping changes to the 2257 regulations to keep up with the proliferation of sexually explicit material found on the Internet.
Anyone who touched explicit content in any way could arguably be considered a producer and be forced to maintain identification records of models along with a highly complex indexing system that many argue is impossible to implement.
Under the current law, anyone who commercially operates a website or releases sexually explicit images of actual humans, regardless of the format (DVD, photos, books, etc.
These regulations do not currently apply to explicit drawings (i.e., adult cartoons, hentai) as no actual humans are involved in such production.
However, the exclusion for such sexually explicit drawings are being confronted with changes to these laws in the recently signed Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act addendum to the adult record-keeping requirements now codified at 18 U.S.C.
In June 2005, the Free Speech Coalition (FSC) sued the Department of Justice to enjoin the regulations until they can be challenged in whole in court.
In December 2006, a federal judge issued an injunction protecting secondary producers who are members of the Free Speech Coalition, but FBI inspections of these producers are still ongoing despite the injunction.
On March 30, 2007, District Court Judge Walker Miller issued an interim ruling, which dismissed some causes of action and allowed others from the initial 2005 case to proceed in light of the Walsh Act amendments.
On October 23, 2007, the 6th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled the federal record-keeping statute unconstitutional, holding that the law is overly broad and facially invalid.
On July 12, 2007, the Department of Justice issued a preliminary set of addendum record keeping regulations based on the Walsh Act amendments onto the existing regulations at 25 C.F.R.
These new regulations are meant to encompass the inclusion of simulated sexual actions that do not actually show explicit sexual contact or fulfillment that were included by the Adam Walsh Act that was signed into law in 2007.
These new regulations were allowed in actual legal enforcement by the dismissal of its constitutionality challenges by U.S. District Judge Michael Baylson on July 28, 2010, as the U.S. Supreme Court had already refused to hear the same challenge in 2009.
After the July 2010 decision by U.S. District Judge Michael Baylson to dismiss the FSC's lawsuit per the request of U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder's DOJ, agreeing that USC 2257 and 2257A regulations are constitutional, the FSC then filed an additional appeal to amend their original challenge to the constitutionality challenge.
However, they also ruled that requiring adult producers to make the records available without a warrant, accessible by law enforcement for any reason, violated a producer's Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure.
It fought against the Germans in Belgium and Northern France, providing the armour for the counter-attack at the Battle of Arras and covered the Allied retreat to Dunkirk.
The Blood River was named by the Boers, led by Andries Pretorius, after they defeated the Zulu king Dingane on 16 December 1838, when the river is said to have run red with the blood of Zulu warriors.
It is a common endemic fish in KwaZulu-Natal Province and it is found in different habitats between the Drakensberg foothills and the coastal lowlands, including rivers such as the Umkomazi.
The Comrades Marathon is an ultramarathon of approximately which is run annually in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa between the cities of Durban and Pietermaritzburg.
South African runners constitute the greater part of the field, but many entrants hail from the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe, India, the United States, Brazil, Australia, Botswana, Russia and Swaziland.
In all but three runnings since 1988, over 10,000 runners have reached the finish within the allowed 11 or 12 hours.
With increased participation since the 1980s, the average finish times for both sexes, and the average age of finishers have increased substantially.
Runners over the age of 20 qualify when they are able to complete an officially recognised marathon (42.2 km) in under five hours (4h50 for 2019).
40 official refreshment stations along the route are stocked with soft drinks, mageu, water sachets, energy drink sachets, fruit, biscuits, energy bars and cooked potatoes.
There are a number of cut-off points along the routes which runners must reach by a prescribed time or be forced to retire from the race.
A runner who has successfully completed nine marathons wears a yellow number, while those who have completed ten races wear a green number, permanently allocated to the runner for all future races.
- The Bill Rowan medal was introduced in 2000 and named after the winner of the first Comrades Marathon in 1921.
- The Wally Hayward medal, named after five-time winner Wally Hayward, was added in 2007 for runners finishing in under 6hrs, but outside the gold medals.
- In 2005 the back-to-back medal was created and henceforth was awarded to novice runners who complete an 'up or down run' in succession.
In terms of the implementation thereof, back-to-back medals were automatically awarded to 2005 Comrades Marathon finishers who had completed their first Comrades Marathon in 2004.
However, in response to popular demand, the back-to-back medal is available for purchase to runners who have previously fulfilled the criteria of completing both an 'up' and a 'down' Comrades Marathon.
- For 2019 the Isavel Roche-Kelly medal (the same design as the Wally Hayward medal) is being introduced for women finishing outside the gold medals, but under 7hrs 30min, effectively eliminating the silver medal for women.
An unknown on the athletics scene, Roche-Kelly set the roads alight that year when she became the first woman to break the 7½-hour barrier and win the Comrades Marathon in 7:18:00; well under the silver-medal cut-off of 7:30:00, and in the process shattering the women's record by more than an hour.
- Also in 2019, the titanium Robert Mtshali medal is being introduced for a time between 9hrs 00min and sub 10hrs 00min.
Robert Mtshali was the first unofficial black runner in the 1935 Comrades Marathon, finishing his race in a time of 9 hours and 30 minutes.
His efforts were not officially recorded as government and race rules of the time stipulated that, in order to compete in the Comrades Marathon, you had to be a white male.
Friday, the 24th of May 1935, saw Mtshali participating in the 15th Comrades Marathon, a down run, joining the 48 official entrants on the starting line.
He ran unofficially, but was warmly welcomed into the Durban finish venue on the then Old Fort Road track grounds (now KE Masinga Road) by the crowds of supporters and spectators.
The Comrades was run for the first time on 24 May 1921 (Empire Day), and with the exception of a break during World War II, has been run every year since.
The race was the idea of World War I veteran Vic Clapham, to commemorate the South African soldiers killed during the war.
Clapham, who had endured a 2,700-kilometre route march through sweltering German East Africa, wanted the memorial to be a unique test of the physical endurance of the entrants.
After this public holiday was scrapped in 1995 by the post-apartheid South African government, the race date was changed to Youth Day on 16 June.
In 2007, the race organisers (controversially) bowed to political pressure from the ANC Youth League, who felt that the race diverted attention from the significance of Youth Day, and changed the race date to Sunday 17 June for 2007 and 15 June for 2008.
In 2009 and 2010 the date was changed (to 24 May and 30 May respectively) to accommodate football's Confederations Cup (2009) and World Cup (2010) in South Africa.
A time limit of 12 hours was set and Bill Rowan became the inaugural winner, clocking 08:59 to win by 41 minutes ahead of Harry Phillips.
When he completed the down run in 06:56 in 1923, there were only a handful of spectators on hand to witness the finish because so few thought it possible that the race could be run so quickly.
The first woman to run the race was Frances Hayward in 1923, but her entry was refused, so she was an unofficial entrant.
She completed the event in 11:35 and although she was not awarded a Comrades medal, the other runners and spectators presented her with a silver tea service and a rose bowl.
The winner of the 1930 race, Wally Hayward, became one of the greatest legends of the Comrades Marathon, winning a further four times in the fifties, and becoming the oldest man to complete the race in 1989.
In 1932 Geraldine Watson, an unofficial entrant, became the first woman to complete both the up run and the down run.
In 1948 a Comrades tradition was born when race official Max Trimborn, instead of firing the customary starter's gun, gave a loud imitation of a cock's crow.
In the 1950s, a full twenty years after he won the race for the first time, Wally Hayward recorded his second victory and followed that up with wins in 1951, 1953 and 1954.
Hayward retired from the Comrades after establishing new records for both the up and down runs and equaling the five wins of Newton and Ballington.
In 1958, the race was won for the first time by Jackie Mekler, who went on to win the race five times, finishing second twice and third twice.
In 1962, the race attracted foreign entries for the first time as the Road Runners Club of England sent over four of the best long-distance runners in Britain.
English runner John Smith won the race, an up run, in under six hours, missing out on the course record by 33 seconds.
Watching the stragglers come in hours later, Smith commented to former winner Bill Cochrane that the other people completing the race were getting as much applause as he had received.
Malone appeared to be on his way to a comfortable win and was handed the traditional message from the Mayor of Pietermaritzburg to the Mayor of Durban at Tollgate with a lead of two minutes over Kuhn.
Malone put in a burst for the line, but with only 15 metres left he fell to the ground with cramps.
The race was opened to all athletes for the first time in 1975, allowing blacks and women to take part officially.
In 1975, the Golden Jubilee of the Comrades, Vincent Rakabele finished 20th to become the first black runner to officially win a medal.
Robb repeated his win in 1977, 1978 and 1980, including breaking the tape in Durban in 1978 in a record 5:29:14, almost 20 minutes and four kilometres ahead of runner-up Dave Wright.
During the 1980s the Comrades began with a field of 4,207 in 1980 and topped 5,000 for the first time in 1983.
An outspoken critic of apartheid, Fordyce and a number of other athletes initially decided to boycott the 1981 event when organisers announced that they would associate it with the 20th anniversary of the Republic of South Africa.
He repeated his victories in 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 (a record 5:24:07 down run), 1987, 1988 (a record 5:27:42 for the up run), and 1990.
He repeated the feat in the 1989 Comrades, where he completed the race with only two minutes to spare and at the age of 80 became the oldest man to complete the Comrades.
The traditional race day of May 31, formerly Republic Day, was changed to June 16, the anniversary of the Soweto uprising.
He claimed it was contained in medicine he had taken for a sore throat, but Jetman Msutu was elevated to the winner, thus becoming the second black winner of the Comrades.
In a sad twist for Mattheus, not long after the 1992 race, the substance for which he was banned was removed from the IAAF's banned substance list since all evidence pointed to it having no performance enhancing properties.
Mattheus also suffered much negativity in the public eye but later managed to redeem his clean image with an emphatic faultless win in the 1997 down run beating a strong local and international field.
In 2010, on its 85th anniversary, the race gained a place in the Guinness World Records as the ultramarathon with most runners.
Russian identical twin sisters Olesya and Elena Nurgalieva won a combined ten Comrades titles from 2003–2013, while three-time champion Stephen Muzhingi became the first non-South African winner from Africa in 2009.
Stephen Muzhingi also became the first athlete to win three races in a row (2009, 2010 and 2011) since Bruce Fordyce won three in a row in the eighties (1981, 1982 and 1983).
Among the women, the Nurgalieva twins hold on the race was finally broken in 2014 when Ellie Greenwood, GBR, won the downrun after a spectacular finish, taking the lead just 2 km before the end.
In 2015 Caroline Wostmann became the first South African woman to win Comrades in 17 years, followed by Charne Bosman in 2016 and Ann Ashworth in 2018.
In 2017, American Camille Herron, led from start-to-finish to become only the 3rd American and first in 20 years to win.
In a survey among a sample of 2005 participants, 25% reported cramps, 18% nausea, 8% vomiting, 13% dizziness, 3% diarrhoea, 23% pain, excluding the expected sore legs, and 14% reported fatigue of such a nature that they believed themselves to be incapable of continuing the race.
Among silver medalists there was a higher incidence of cramps (42.9%), nausea (21.4%) and diarrhoea (7.1%), though a lower incidence of pain and fatigue than the average runner.
In 1993, Herman Matthee, a runner from Bellville athletics club, finished in 7th place and was one of the top ten gold medal winners, but he was later stripped of his gold medal and disqualified when video evidence and eye witness testimony indicated that he entered the race at Kloof and completed less than 30 km of the 89 km down run.
As his surname resembled that of top runner Charl Mattheus, he was often mistaken by the public as being the same person, unfairly tainting the image of the 1992 disqualified champion.
Consequently, in a Comrades first, 11th-place finisher Simon Williamson was months later promoted to tenth place and awarded the last gold medal by the then South African president FW de Klerk.
Williamson had passed another runner, Ephraim Sekothlong, in the last 100 metres to claim 11th spot and, unknowingly, a gold medal.
In 1999, the Motsoeneng brothers from Bethlehem, Free State, who strongly resembled one another, performed an act of cheating during another down run.
By exchanging places with his brother at toilet stops and aided by car lifts at various stages, Sergio Motsoeneng finished ninth, which came as a surprise to Nick Bester and other athletes behind him, who could not recall being overtaken.
They were exposed when television footage revealed them to be wearing watches on different arms, and a time pad reading that confirmed that one of the brothers was still trailing Bester at Botha's Hill.
Use of banned substances is claimed to be endemic among top Comrades athletes, but only a small number have been disqualified.
In 2014, an analysis of negative splits by runner and statistician Mark Dowdeswell, suggested that a number of runners in the middle to back half of the field may be taking shortcuts.
In 1988, this was extended to the first 3 female finishers, then to the first 5 female finishers from 1995, and from 1998 onward to the first 10 female finishers, on par with the male race.
The following women have finished in the top 10 of the women's race on 7 or more occasions in the race history.
Given the top 10 women only received gold medals from 1998, the gold medals list doesn't fully reflect the history of the women's race as female contenders in the 1980s and early 90s were competing for fewer gold medals.
The following have won 3 or more Wally Hayward medals (for running sub-6 hours but outside the top 10) since the medal was first awarded in 2009, medal span in brackets.
When a runner completes their 10th Comrades (or achieves either 5 gold medals or 3 wins) they achieve their green number and keep their race number for life, the race number effectively being 'retired' only for use by that athlete.
As the race has grown in profile globally, and since the end of sporting isolation, international runners have come to dominate the race for periods of time.
As a result, many athletes aim to complete at least 10 races, which is evident as a clear peak in the distribution of medal counts.
The introduction of the back-to-back medal (for running two years in succession) resulted in another peak for athletes with 2 medals.
The Long Run was a 2001 film set in 1999, in which a retired running coach trains a woman for the race.
He studied flute and percussion at the Tallinn Music School from 1976 to 1980 and composition with Jaan Rääts at the Tallinn Academy of Music and privately with Lepo Sumera from 1980 to 1984.
From 1979 to 1984 he headed the rock group In Spe, which quickly became one of the most popular in Estonia.
Tüür left In Spe to concentrate on composition, and with the advent of perestroika soon found an audience in the west.
The Helsinki Philharmonic, the Hilliard Ensemble, the Stockholm Saxophone Quartet and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra are among those who have commissioned works from him.
He was awarded the Cultural Prize of Estonia in 1991 and 1996 and the Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature, the Arts and Science in 1998.
She was built by Damen Group, of the Netherlands, at one of its Romanian shipyards, and was designed to be capable of patrolling South Africa's entire EEZ, including the area around the southerly Prince Edward Islands.
The Type 81, or Tribal class, were ordered and built as Sloops to carry out similar duties to the immediate post war Improved Black Swan Sloops and Loch class frigates in the Gulf.
After the British withdrawal from East of Suez in 1971 the Tribals operated in the Nato North Atlantic sphere with the only update the fitting of Seacat missiles to all by 1977, limited by their single propeller and low speed of 24 knots.
In 1979-80 age and crew and fuel shortages, saw them transferred to the stand by squadrons, three being reactivated in 1982 in the Falklands crisis for training and West Indies guardship duties.
The Tribals were designed during the 1950s as a response to the increasing cost of single-role vessels such as the Type 14s.
They were therefore designed to be self-contained warships with weapon and sensor systems to cover many possible engagements, air conditioning to allow extended tropical deployment and such 'modern' habitability features as all bunk accommodation (as opposed to hammocks).
The fitting of gas turbine boost engines was specifically intended to allow the frigates to almost instantly leave ports and naval bases in the event of nuclear war, rather than have to spend four to six hours to flash up the steam boilers.
The G6 gas turbine proved reliable and was generally used to leave port during the frigates career and paved the way for gas turbine propulsion to become universal in the RN within 30 years.
They were the first class of the Royal Navy to be designed from the start to operate a helicopter and the first small escorts to carry a long-range air search radar, the Type 965 with a single 'rake' AKE-1 antenna.
The rest of the class were fitted with Sea Cat in the 1970s using surplus missile systems, left over from s and refits.
The Tribals were the first modern RN ships designed to use a combination of power sources, a feature which had been trialled with limited success in the 1930s in the minelayer .
This gave the rapid start-up and acceleration of a gas turbine engine coupled with the cruising efficiency and reliability of the steam turbine.
The single screw proved significantly limiting when they were used in the 1970s Cod Wars in terms of manoeuvering in ramming manoeuvers, for and against, Icelandic coast guard cutters.
The cramped awkward nature of the helicopter pad and handling provision was also exposed in the 1976 Cod War and was a major reason that some s were given further refits in preference to the Tribals and maintained in higher status reserve in the early 1980s limitations on defence spending.
The costs for the Tribal Class ships escalated above the costs first envisaged and the original order of ships, (over twenty), was cancelled after the first seven ships had been completed.
Only 4 would have been built if it had been possible to cancel the contractual commitments the Royal Navy had entered into for the supply of complex engines and machinery for eight frigates.
The ships were rather small, at , which reduced the options for later modernisation and were always going to be limited by their single-shaft propulsion.
The later Royal Navy Type 21 'Amazon Class' General Purpose Frigates were originally envisaged for a similar gunboat role to the Tribal Class ships and to operate East of Suez.
When change in British foreign policy made this role redundant they found themselves being pressed into service in home waters in the Cod Wars of the 1970s.
They were not particularly suited to these duties however, as they had a hull form optimised for the calm, shallow water of the Persian Gulf and with only a single shaft were unable to manoeuvre with the Icelandic patrol vessels at close quarters.
All were decommissioned from the Royal Navy during the mid-to-late 1970s with the manpower crisis also attributing to the rapid removal of the class from service.
The East–West Schism, also called the Great Schism and the Schism of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches, which had lasted until the 11th century.
The Schism was the culmination of theological and political differences between the Christian East and West which had developed over the preceding centuries.
A succession of ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes between the Greek East and Latin West pre-dated the formal rupture that occurred in 1054.
Prominent among these were the issues of the procession of the Holy Spirit, whether leavened or unleavened bread should be used in the Eucharist, the Bishop of Rome's claim to universal jurisdiction, and the place of the See of Constantinople in relation to the Pentarchy.
In 1053, the first step was taken in the process which led to formal schism: the Greek churches in southern Italy were forced either to close or to conform to Latin practices.
The main purpose of the papal legation was to seek help from the Byzantine Emperor in view of the Norman conquest of southern Italy and to deal with recent attacks by Leo of Ohrid against the use of unleavened bread and other Western customs, attacks that had the support of Cerularius.
Historian Axel Bayer says the legation was sent in response to two letters, one from the Emperor seeking assistance in arranging a common military campaign by the eastern and western empires against the Normans, and the other from Cerularius.
On the refusal of Cerularius to accept the demand, the leader of the legation, Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, O.S.B., excommunicated him, and in return Cerularius excommunicated Humbert and the other legates.
The validity of the Western legates' act is doubtful, since Pope Leo had died and Cerularius' excommunication applied only to the legates personally.
Still, the Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographical lines, and the fundamental breach has never been healed, with each side sometimes accusing the other of having fallen into heresy and of having initiated the division.
The Latin led Crusades, the Massacre of the Latins in 1182, the West's retaliation in the Sacking of Thessalonica in 1185, the capture and pillaging of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204, and the imposition of Latin patriarchs made reconciliation more difficult.
Establishing Latin hierarchies in the Crusader states meant that there were two rival claimants to each of the patriarchal sees of Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem, making the existence of schism clear.
In 1965, Pope Paul VI and the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Athenagoras I nullified the anathemas of 1054, although this nullification of measures taken against a few individuals was essentially a goodwill gesture and did not constitute any sort of reunion.
Contacts between the two sides continue: every year a delegation from each joins in the other's celebration of its patronal feast, Saints Peter and Paul (29 June) for Rome and Saint Andrew (30 November) for Constantinople, and there have been a number of visits by the head of each to the other.
The efforts of the Ecumenical Patriarchs towards reconciliation with the Catholic Church have often been the target of sharp criticism from some fellow Orthodox.
The schism between the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Christians resulted from a variety of political, cultural and theological factors which transpired over centuries.
Orthodox apologists point to this incident as an example of claims by Rome to papal primacy and its rejection by Eastern Churches.
Disputes about theological and other questions led to schisms between the Churches in Rome and Constantinople for 37 years from 482 to 519 (the Acacian Schism).
Most sources agree that the separation between East and West is clearly evident by the Photian schism for 4 years from 863–867.
Famous also are the seven churches of Asia (the Roman province of Asia), mentioned in the opening chapters of the Book of Revelation.
The question was whether to celebrate Easter concurrently with the Jewish Passover, as Christians in the Roman province of Asia did, or to wait until the following Sunday, as was unanimously decreed by synods held in other Eastern provinces, such as those of Palestine and Pontus, the acts of which were still extant at the time of Eusebius, and in Rome.
Despite Victor's failure to carry out his intent to excommunicate the Asian churches, many Catholic apologists point to this episode as evidence of papal primacy and authority in the early Church, citing the fact that none of the bishops challenged his right to excommunicate but rather questioned the wisdom and charity of his action.
The opinion of the Bishop of Rome was often sought, especially when the patriarchs of the Eastern Mediterranean were locked in fractious dispute.
The bishops of Rome never obviously belonged to either the Antiochian or the Alexandrian schools of theology, and usually managed to steer a middle course between whatever extremes were being propounded by theologians of either school.
Because Rome was remote from the centres of Christianity in the eastern Mediterranean, it was frequently hoped its bishop would be more impartial.
For instance, in 431, Cyril, the patriarch of Alexandria, appealed to Pope Celestine I, as well as the other patriarchs, charging Constantinople Patriarch Nestorius with heresy, which was dealt with at the Council of Ephesus.
Pope Leo I and his successors rejected canon 28 of the Council of Chalcedon, as a result of which it was not officially recorded even in the East until the 6th century.
The bishop of Byzantium was under the authority of the metropolitan of Heraclea when in 330 Roman Emperor Constantine I moved his residence to this town, which, rebuilt on a larger scale, became known as Constantinople.
Thereafter, the bishop's connection with the imperial court meant that he was able to free himself from ecclesiastical dependency on Heraclea and in little more than half a century to obtain recognition of next-after-Rome ranking from the First Council of Constantinople (381), held in the new capital.
No Western bishop took part in this council, and the Latin Church recognized it as ecumenical only in the mid-6th century.
This has been described as sowing the seed for the ecclesiastical rivalry between Constantinople and Rome that was a factor leading to the schism between East and West.
The website of the Orthodox Church in America says that the Bishop of Byzantium was elevated to Patriarch already in the time of Constantine.
Theodosius the Great, who in 380 established Nicene Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire (see Edict of Thessalonica), was the last Emperor to rule over a united Roman Empire.
Alexandria's objections to Constantinople's promotion, which led to a constant struggle between the two sees in the first half of the 5th century, were supported by Rome, which proposed the theory that the most important sees were the three Petrine ones, of Rome, Antioch, and Alexandria, with Rome in first place.
Eastern Orthodox state that the 28th canon of the Council of Chalcedon (451) explicitly proclaimed the equality of the Bishops of Rome and Constantinople, and that it established the highest court of ecclesiastical appeal in Constantinople.
The idea that with the transfer of the imperial capital from Rome to Constantinople, primacy in the Church was also transferred, is found in undeveloped form as early as John Philoponus (c. 490 – c. 570).
Constantinople, as the seat of the ruler of the empire and therefore of the world, was the highest among the patriarchates and, like the emperor, had the right to govern them.
After the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great legalized Christianity (with the Edict of Milan), he summoned the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea in 325.
The bishops at the council confirmed the position of the metropolitan sees of Rome and Alexandria as having authority outside their own province, and also the existing privileges of the churches in Antioch and the other provinces.
These were given an order of precedence: Rome, as capital of the empire was naturally given first place, then came Alexandria and Antioch.
In a separate canon the Council also approved the special honor given to Jerusalem over other sees subject to the same metropolitan.
The council elevated the see of Constantinople, to a position ahead of the other chief metropolitan sees, except that of Rome thus raising it above the sees of Alexandria and Antioch.
This action has been described as sowing the seed for the ecclesiastical rivalry between Constantinople and Rome which was ultimately a factor leading to the schism between East and West.
The council mentioned the churches in the civil dioceses of Asia, Pontus, and Thrace, it decreed that the synod of each province should manage the ecclesiastical affairs of that province alone, except for the privileges already recognized for sees of Alexandria and Antioch.
Although the Bishop of Rome was well respected even at this early date, the East holds that the concept of the primacy of the Roman See and Papal Infallibility were only developed much later.
The disputed canon 28 of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, confirming the authority already held by Constantinople, granted its archbishop jurisdiction over Pontus and Thrace.
The council also ratified an agreement between Antioch and Jerusalem, whereby Jerusalem held jurisdiction over three provinces, numbering it among the five great sees.
As thus interpreted, there were now five patriarchs presiding over the Church within the Byzantine Empire, in the following order of precedence: the Patriarch of Rome, the Patriarch of Constantinople, the Patriarch of Alexandria, the Patriarch of Antioch and the Patriarch of Jerusalem.
Although Leo I, whose delegates were absent when this resolution was passed, recognized the council as ecumenical and confirmed its doctrinal decrees, he rejected its canon 28 on the ground that it contravened the sixth canon of Nicaea and infringed the rights of Alexandria and Antioch.
However, by that time Constantinople, the permanent residence of the emperor, had in reality enormous influence, and had it not been for the opposition of Rome, its bishop could easily have been given first place among all the bishops.
This canon would remain a constant source of friction between East and West, until the mutual excommunications of 1054 made it irrelevant in that regard; but controversy about its applicability to the authority of the patriarchate of Constantinople still continues.
This has been interpreted as conferring on the see of Constantinople a greater privilege than what any council ever gave Rome, or as of much lesser significance than that.
After the Council of Chalcedon (451), the position of the Patriarchate of Alexandria was weakened by a division in which the great majority of its Christian population followed the form of Christianity that its opponents called Monophysitism.
In 476, when the last emperor of the western part of the Roman Empire was deposed and the western imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople, there was once again a single Roman Emperor.
Soon after the fall of the West to invaders, the number of individuals who spoke both languages dwindled, and communication between East and West grew much more difficult.
The two-halves of the Church were naturally divided along similar lines; they developed different rites and had different approaches to religious doctrines.
During the period called the Byzantine Papacy, this applied to the bishops of Rome, most of whom were of Greek or Syrian origin.
By 661, Muslim Arabs had taken over the territories assigned to the patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, which thereafter were never more than partially and temporarily recovered.
In 732, Emperor Leo III the Isaurian, in revenge for the opposition of Pope Gregory III to the emperor's iconoclast policies, transferred Sicily, Calabria and Illyria from the patriarchate of Rome (whose jurisdiction until then extended as far east as Thessalonica) to that of Constantinople.
The Constantinople patriarchate, after expanding eastward at the time of the Council of Chalcedon to take in Pontus and the Roman province of Asia, which at that time were still under the emperor's control, thus expanded equally to the west, and was practically coextensive with the Byzantine Empire.
The West's rejection of the Quinisext Council of 692 led to pressure from the Eastern Empire on the West to reject many Latin customs as non-Orthodox.
In 694, in Visigothic Spain, the council was ratified by the Eighteenth Council of Toledo at the urging of the king, Wittiza.
The primary causes of the schism were disputes over conflicting claims of jurisdiction, in particular over papal authority—Pope Leo IX claimed he held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs—and over the insertion of the Filioque clause into the Nicene Creed by the Western patriarch in 1014.
Eastern Orthodox today state that Council of Chalcedon canon 28 explicitly proclaimed the equality of the Bishops of Rome and Constantinople and that it established the highest court of ecclesiastical appeal in Constantinople.
Eastern Orthodox argue that First Council of Ephesus canon 7 explicitly prohibited modification of the Nicene Creed by any man (not by ecumenical church council) drawn up by the first Ecumenical Council in 325.
In reality, the Council made no exception for an ecumenical council or any other body of bishops, and the Greeks participating in the Council of Florence emphatically denied that even an ecumenical council had the power to add anything to the creed.
Eastern Orthodox theologians state this change of the wording of the churches' original creed, was done to address various teachings outside of the church in specific the Macedonius I of Constantinople teaching which the council claimed was a distortion of the church's teaching on the Holy Spirit.
Some scholars hold that the additions attributed to the First Council of Constantinople were adopted only with the 451 Council of Chalcedon, 20 years after that of Ephesus, and even that the Council of Ephesus, in which Alexandrian influence was dominant, was by this canon excluding the Constantinopolitan Creed, which eventually annexed the name and fame of the creed adopted at Nicaea.
In Eastern Christendom, the teaching of papal supremacy is said to be based on the pseudo-Isidorian Decretals, documents attributed to early popes but actually forged, probably in the second quarter of the 9th century, with the aim of defending the position of bishops against metropolitans and secular authorities.
The Orthodox East contests the teaching that Peter was the Patriarch of Rome, a title that the West too does not give him.
Early sources such as St. Irenaeus can be interpreted as describing Pope Linus as the first bishop of Rome and Pope Cletus the second.
government of the local church by a single bishop, as distinct from a group of presbyter bishops, finally emerged in Rome in the mid-2nd cent.
The Eastern Orthodox do not hold the primacy of the Pope of Rome over the Eastern church; they teach that the Pope of Rome is the first among equals.
The first seven Ecumenical Councils were held in the East and called by the Eastern Emperors, Roman pontiffs never presided over any of them.
The Orthodox responded by denouncing the replacement and excommunicating the pope convening the Roman council, denouncing the pope's attempt to control affairs outside the purview of Rome, and denouncing the addition of Filioque as a heresy.
Bury, of Patriarch Michael Cerularius of Constantinople, wrote to Bishop John of Trani a letter, intended for all the Latin bishops, including the pope, in which he attacked Western practices such as using unleavened bread for the Eucharist, and fasting rules that differed from those in Constantinople, while Cerularius himself closed all Latin churches in Constantinople.
The advance of the Norman conquest of southern Italy constituted a threat to the possessions of both the Byzantine Empire and the papacy, each of which sought the support of the other.
Accordingly, conciliatory letters, the texts of which have not been preserved, were written to the pope by the emperor and Cerularius.
In his reply to Caerularius, he upbraided the patriarch for trying to subject the patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch to himself and for adopting the title of Ecumenical Patriarch, and insisted on the primacy of the see of Rome.
These two letters were entrusted to a delegation of three legates, headed by the undiplomatic cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and also including Frederick of Lorraine, who was papal secretary and Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica, and Peter, Archbishop of Amalfi.
Finally, on 16 July 1054, three months after Pope Leo's death in April 1054 and nine months before the next pope took office, they laid on the altar of Hagia Sophia, which was prepared for celebration of the Divine Liturgy, a bull of excommunication of Cerularius and his supporters.
Starting from the late 11th century, dependency of Byzantine Empire on the naval forces of Republic of Venice and, to a lesser extent, Republic of Genoa and Republic of Pisa led to predominance of Catholic merchants in Byzantium (they were getting major trading concessions starting from the 1080s), subsequently causing economic and social upheaval.
Together with the perceived arrogance of the Italians, it fueled popular resentment amongst the middle and lower classes both in the countryside and in the cities.
By the second half of the 12th century practically uncontrollable rivalry between competitors from different city states made it to Italians raiding quarters of other Italians in the capital, and retaliatory draconian measures by the Byzantine authorities led to subsequent deterioration of inter-religious relations in the city.
When in 1182 regency of empress mother Maria of Antioch, an ethnical French notorious for the favoritism shown to Latin merchants and the big aristocratic land-owners, was deposed by Andronikos I Komnenos on the wake of popular support, the new emperor allowed mobs to massacre hated foreigners.
In the course of the Fourth Crusade of 1202–1204 Latin crusaders and Venetian merchants sacked Constantinople itself (1204), looting the Church of Holy Wisdom and various other Orthodox holy sites, and converting them to Latin Catholic worship.
The conquest of Constantinople and the final treaty established the Latin Empire of the East and the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (with various other Crusader states).
Later some religious artifacts were sold in Europe to finance or fund the Latin Empire in Byzantium – as when Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople () sold the relic of the Crown of Thorns while in France trying to raise new funds to maintain his hold on Byzantium.
However, the Western attack on the heart of the Byzantine Empire is seen as a factor that led eventually to its conquest by Ottoman Muslims in the 15th century.
In northern Europe, the Teutonic Knights, after their 12th- and 13th-century successes in the Northern Crusades, attempted (1240) to conquer the Eastern Orthodox Russian Republics of Pskov and Novgorod, an enterprise endorsed by Gregory IX (Pope from 1227 to 1241).
The Second Council of Lyon was convoked to act on a pledge by Michael VIII to reunite the Eastern church with the West.
Wishing to end the Great Schism that divided Rome and Constantinople, Gregory X had sent an embassy to Michael VIII, who had reconquered Constantinople, putting an end to the remnants of the Latin Empire in the East, and he asked Latin despots in the East to curb their ambitions.
On 29 June (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul patronal feast of Popes), Gregory X celebrated a Mass in St John's Church, where both sides took part.
It was fiercely opposed by clergy and people and never put into effect, in spite of a sustained campaign by Patriarch John XI of Constantinople (John Bekkos), a convert to the cause of union, to defend the union intellectually, and vigorous and brutal repression of opponents by Michael.
Emperor Michael's attempts to resolve the schism ended when Pope Martin IV, seeing that the union was only a sham, excommunicated Michael VIII 1281 in support of Charles of Anjou's attempts to mount a new campaign to retake the Eastern Roman provinces lost to Michael.
Michael VIII's son and successor Andronicus II repudiated the union, and Bekkos was forced to abdicate, being eventually exiled and imprisoned until his death in 1297.
In the 15th century, the eastern emperor John VIII Palaiologos, pressed hard by the Ottoman Turks, was keen to ally himself with the West, and to do so he arranged with Pope Eugene IV for discussions about reunion to be held again, this time at the Council of Ferrara-Florence.
After several long discussions, the emperor managed to convince the Eastern representatives to accept the Western doctrines of Filioque, Purgatory and the supremacy of the Papacy.
On 6 June 1439 an agreement was signed by all the Eastern bishops present but one, Mark of Ephesus, who held that Rome continued in both heresy and schism.
However, upon their return, the Eastern bishops found their agreement with the West broadly rejected by the populace and by civil authorities (with the notable exception of the Emperors of the East who remained committed to union until the Fall of Constantinople two decades later).
But Orthodox Christianity was already entrenched in Russia, whose political and de facto religious centre had shifted from Kiev to Moscow.
The Russian Church, a part of the Church of Constantinople until the mid-15th century, was granted full independence (autocephaly) and elevated to the rank of Patriarchate in 1589.
The Russian political and ecclesiastical elite came to view Moscow as the Third Rome, a legitimate heir to Constantinople and Byzantium.
The sultans enhanced the temporal powers of the Greek orthodox hierarchy that came to be politically beholden solely to the Ottoman sultan and, along with other Ottoman Greek nobles, came to run the Balkan Orthodox domains of the Ottoman Empire.
As a result, the entire Orthodox communion of the Balkans and the Near East became isolated from the rest of Christendom.
For the next four hundred years, it would be confined within the Islamic world, with which it had little in common religiously or culturally.
In Russia, the anti-Catholic sentiments came to be entrenched by the Polish intervention during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century, which was seen as an attempt to convert Moscow to Catholicism.
The modern Russian national holiday, Unity Day, was established on the day of church celebration in honour of the Our Lady of Kazan icon, which is believed to have miraculously saved Moscow from outright Polish conquest in 1612.
This council also affirmed the dogma of papal infallibility, declaring that the infallibility of the Christian community extends to the pope himself, when he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church.
A major event of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), was the issuance by Pope Paul and Orthodox Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople of the Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965.
The Eastern Catholic Churches, historically referred to as ″uniate″ by the Orthodox, consider themselves to have reconciled the East and West Schism by having accepted the primacy of the Bishop of Rome while retaining some of the canonical rules and liturgical practices in line with the Eastern tradition such as the Byzantine Rite that is prevalent in the Orthodox Churches.
Some Eastern Orthodox charge that joining in this unity comes at the expense of ignoring critical doctrinal differences and past atrocities.
There have been periodic conflicts between the Orthodox and Eastern Catholics in Ukraine and Belarus, then under Polish rule, and later also in Transylvania (see the Romanian Greek Catholic Church United with Rome).
Pressure and government-sponsored reprisals were used against Eastern Catholic Churches such as the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Russian Empire and later in the USSR.
Since the late 1980s, the Moscow Patriarchate (the Russian Orthodox Church) has criticised the methods of restoration of the ″uniate″ church structures in Ukraine as well as what it called Catholic proselytism in Russia.
It is today clear that the past method of 'uniatism', understood as the union of one community to the other, separating it from its Church, is not the way to re-establish unity.
Nonetheless, the ecclesial communities which emerged in these historical circumstances have the right to exist and to undertake all that is necessary to meet the spiritual needs of their faithful, while seeking to live in peace with their neighbours.
Meanwhile, in the interview published on the eve of the meeting in Cuba, Metropolitan Hilarion Alfeyev, the chairman of the Department of External Church Relations and a permanent member of the Holy Synod of the ROC, said that tensions between the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the ROC's Ukrainian Orthodox Church had been recently heightened mainly due to the conflict in Ukraine.
On a number of occasions, Pope John Paul II recited the Nicene Creed with patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Greek according to the original text.
This accords with the Catholic Church's practice of including the clause when reciting the Creed in Latin, but not when reciting it in Greek.
In June 1995, Patriarch Bartholomew I, of Constantinople, visited Vatican City for the first time, and joined in the historic inter-religious day of prayer for peace at Assisi.
In May 1999, John Paul II was the first pope since the Great Schism to visit an Eastern Orthodox country: Romania.
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as Ukraine, despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that healing the divisions between Western and Eastern Christianity was one of his fondest wishes.
In June 2004, Bartholomew I's visit to Rome for the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (29 June) afforded him the opportunity for another personal meeting with John Paul II, for conversations with the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity and for taking part in the celebration for the feast day in St. Peter's Basilica.
The Patriarch did not fully participate in the Liturgy of the Eucharist involving the consecration and distribution of the Eucharist itself.
Despite efforts on the part of Catholic Popes and Orthodox Patriarchs to heal the schism, only limited progress towards reconciliation has been made over the last half century.
One stumbling block is the fact that the Orthodox and the Catholics have different perceptions of the nature of the divide.
The official Catholic teaching is that the Orthodox are schismatic, meaning that there is nothing heretical about their theology, only their unwillingness to accept the supremacy of the Pope which is presented in Catholic teaching as chiefly an ecclesiological issue, not so much a theological one.
The Orthodox object to the Catholic doctrines of Purgatory, Substitutionary atonement, the Immaculate Conception, and papal supremacy, among others, as heretical doctrines.
With respect to Primacy of the Pope, the two churches agree that the Pope, as Bishop of Rome, has primacy although they continue to have different interpretations of what that primacy entails.
Although some commentators have proposed ways in which such compromise can be achieved, there is no official indication that such compromise is being contemplated.
It is what they consider to be the Catholic Church's reliance on pagan metaphysical philosophy and rational methods such as scholasticism rather than on intuitive experience of God (theoria) that causes Orthodox to consider the Catholic Church heretical.
Other points of doctrinal difference include a difference regarding human nature as well as a difference regarding original sin, purgatory, and the nature of Hell.
Catholics accept as valid the Eastern Orthodox intuitive and mystical understanding of God and consider it complementary to the rational Western reflection.
Most Orthodox Churches through economy do not require baptism in the Orthodox Church for one who has been previously baptized in the Catholic Church.
Most Orthodox jurisdictions, based on that same principle of economy, allow a sacramental marriage between an Orthodox Christian and some non-Orthodox Christians.
The Catholic Church allows its clergy to administer the sacraments of Penance, the Eucharist and Anointing of the Sick to members of the Eastern Orthodox Church, if these spontaneously ask for the sacraments and are properly disposed.
It also allows Catholics who cannot approach a Catholic minister to receive these three sacraments from clergy of the Eastern Orthodox Church, whenever necessity requires or a genuine spiritual advantage commends it, and provided the danger of error or indifferentism is avoided.
The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches authorizes the local Catholic bishop to permit a Catholic priest, of whatever rite, to bless the marriage of Orthodox faithful who being unable without great difficulty to approach a priest of their own Church, ask for this spontaneously.
If a priest who is not authorized for the celebration of the marriage is available, he should be called in, although the marriage is valid even without his presence.
The efforts of Orthodox patriarchs towards reconciliation with the Catholic Church has been strongly criticized by some elements of Eastern Orthodoxy, such as the Metropolitan of Kalavryta, Greece, in November 2008.
Pelikan further argues that the antagonists in the 11th century inappropriately exaggerated their theological differences whereas modern historians tend to minimize them.
While the two sides were technically more guilty of schism than heresy, they often charged each other with allegations of heresy.
However, he goes on to say that while it was easy in principle to accept the existence of adiaphora, it was difficult in actual practice to distinguish customs which were innocuously adiaphoric from those that had doctrinal implications.
The Eastern Churches maintained the idea that every local city-church with its bishop, presbyters, deacons and people celebrating the Eucharist constituted the whole Church.
This implied that all bishops were ontologically equal, although functionally particular bishops could be granted special privileges by other bishops and serve as metropolitans, archbishops or patriarchs.
Early on, the ecclesiology of the Roman Church was universal in nature, with the idea that the Church was a worldwide organism with a divinely (not functionally) appointed center: the Church/Bishop of Rome.
These two views are still present in modern Eastern Orthodoxy and Catholicism and can be seen as foundational causes for the schisms and Great Schism between East and West.
The Orthodox Church has always maintained the original position of collegiality of the bishops resulting in the structure of the church being closer to a confederacy.
The Orthodox have synods where the highest authorities in each Church community are brought together, but, unlike the Catholic Church, no central individual or figure has the absolute and infallible last word on church doctrine.
In practice, this has sometimes led to divisions among Greek, Russian, Bulgarian and Ukrainian Orthodox churches, as no central authority can serve as a rallying point for various internal disputes.
Early on, the ecclesiology of the Roman Church was universal in nature, with the idea that the Church was a worldwide organism with a divinely (not functionally) appointed center: the Church/Bishop of Rome.
The ecclesiological dimension of the East–West schism revolves around the authority of bishops within their dioceses and the lines of authority between bishops of different dioceses.
It is common for Catholics to insist on the primacy of Roman and papal authority based on patristic writings and conciliar documents.
Principal among the ecclesiastical issues that separate the two churches is the meaning of papal primacy within any future unified church.
From the perspective of the Catholic Church, the ecclesiological issues are the central issue which is why they characterize the split between the two churches as a schism.
In their view, the Eastern Orthodox are very close to them in theology and the Catholic Church does not consider the Orthodox beliefs to be heretical.
However, from the perspective of Orthodox theologians, there are theological issues that run much deeper than just the theology around the primacy and/or supremacy of the Pope.
These issues have a long history as can be seen in the 11th-century works of Orthodox theologian and Saint Nikitas Stithatos.
In the Catholic Church too, some writers can be found who speak pejoratively of the Eastern Orthodox Church and its theology, but these writers are marginal.
It was qualified as such by some of the Eastern Orthodox Church's saints, including Photios I of Constantinople, Mark of Ephesus, Gregory Palamas, who have been called the Three Pillars of Orthodoxy.
The Eastern church believes by the Western church inserting the Filioque unilaterally (without consulting or holding council with the East) into the Creed that the Western church broke communion with the East.
Orthodox theologians such as Vladimir Lossky criticize the focus of Western theology of God in 'God in uncreated essence' as misguided, which he alleges is a modalistic and therefore a speculative expression of God that is indicative of the Sabellian heresy.
Orthodox theologian Michael Pomazansky argues that, in order for the Holy Spirit to proceed from the Father and the Son in the Creed, there would have to be two sources in the deity (double procession), whereas in the one God there can only be one source of divinity, which is the Father hypostasis of the Trinity, not God's essence per se.
In contrast, Bishop Kallistos Ware suggests that the problem is more in the area of semantics than of basic doctrinal differences.
Orthodox theologians charge that, in contrast to Orthodox theology, western theology is based on philosophical discourse which reduces humanity and nature to cold mechanical concepts.
Orthodox theologians argue that the mind (reason, rationality) is the focus of Western theology, whereas in Eastern theology, the mind must be put in the heart, so they are united into what is called nous, this unity as heart is the focus of Eastern Orthodox Christianity involving the unceasing Prayer of the heart.
In Orthodox theology, in the Eastern ascetic traditions one of the goals of ascetic practice is to obtain sobriety of consciousness, awakeness (nepsis).
While mankind's spirit and body are energies vivified by the soul, Orthodoxy teaches man's sin, suffering, sorrow is caused by his heart and mind being a duality and in conflict.
According to Orthodox theology, lack of noetic understanding (sickness) can be neither circumvented nor satisfied by rational or discursive thought (i.e.
systematization), and denying the needs of the human heart (a more Western expression would be the needs of the soul) causes various negative or destructive manifestations such as addiction, atheism and evil thoughts etc.
Orthodox theologians assert that the theological division of East and West culminated into a direct theological conflict known as the Hesychasm controversy during several councils at Constantinople New Rome, between the years 1341–1351.
They argue that this controversy highlighted the sharp contrast between what is embraced by the Catholic Church as proper (or orthodox) theological dogma and how theology is validated and what is considered valid theology by the Eastern Orthodox.
At the heart of the issue was the teaching of the Essence-Energies distinctions (which states that while creation can never know God's uncreated essence, it can know his uncreated energies) by Gregory Palamas.
Its teaching on original sin is largely based on but not identical with that of Augustine, and is opposed to the interpretation of Augustine advanced by Martin Luther and John Calvin.
Both East and West hold that each person is not called to atone for the actual sin committed by Adam and Eve.
The Orthodox and the Catholics believe that people inherit only the spiritual sickness (in which all suffer and sin) of Adam and Eve, caused by their ancestral sin (what has flowed to them), a sickness leaving them weakened in their powers, subject to ignorance, suffering and the domination of death, and inclined to sin.
The Catholic doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, which claims that God protected the Virgin Mary from original sin through no merit of her own, was dogmatically defined by Pope Pius IX in 1854.
Instead, Orthodox theology proclaims that Mary was chosen to bear Christ, having first found favor of God by her purity and obedience.
Another point of theological contention between the western and eastern churches is the doctrine of purgatory (as it was shown at the Second Council of Lyons and the Council of Ferrara–Florence).
However, some eastern theologians, while agreeing that there is beyond death a state in which believers continue to be perfected and led to full divinization, consider that it is a state not of punishment but of growth; hold that suffering cannot purify sin, since they have a different view of sin and consider suffering as a result of a spiritual sickness.
Western theology usually considers sin not only as a sickness that weakens and impedes, but also as something that merits punishment.
Eastern theology considers the desire to sin to be the result of a spiritual sickness (caused by Adam and Eve's pride), which needs to be cured.
The Western Church speaks of heaven and hell as states of existence rather than as places, while in Eastern Orthodoxy there is no hell per se, there is damnation or punishment in eternity for the rejection of God's grace.
The Western Schism, also called Papal Schism, Great Occidental Schism and Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which two men (by 1410 three) simultaneously claimed to be the true pope, and each excommunicated one another.
The schism in the Western Roman Church resulted from the return of the papacy to Rome by Gregory XI on January 17, 1377.
This reputation can be attributed to perceptions of predominant French influence, and to the papal curia's efforts to extend its powers of patronage and increase its revenues.
After Pope Gregory XI died in the Vatican palace on 27 March 1378, the Romans put into operation a plan to ensure the election of a Roman pope.
The pope and his Curia were back in Rome after seventy years in Avignon, and the Romans were prepared to do everything in their power to keep them there.
Urban had been a respected administrator in the papal chancery at Avignon, but as pope he proved suspicious, reformist, and prone to violent outbursts of temper.
Many of the cardinals who had elected him soon regretted their decision: the majority removed themselves from Rome to Anagni, where, even though Urban was still reigning, they elected Robert of Geneva as a rival pope on September 20 of the same year, claiming that the election of Urban was invalid because it had been done for fear of the rioting crowds.
Elected pope at Fondi on 20 September 1378 by the French cardinals, unable to maintain himself in Italy, Robert took the name Clement VII and reestablished a papal court in Avignon, where he became dependent on the French court.
Charles V of France, who seems to have been sounded beforehand on the choice of the Roman pontiff, soon became his warmest protector.
There had been rival antipope claimants to the papacy before, but most of them had been appointed by various rival factions; in this case, a single group of leaders of the Church had created both the pope and the antipope.
Sustained by such national and factional rivalries throughout Catholic Christianity, the schism continued after the deaths of both Urban VI in 1389 and Clement VII in 1394.
Boniface IX, who was crowned at Rome in 1389, and Benedict XIII, who reigned in Avignon from 1394, maintained their rival courts.
When Pope Boniface died in 1404, the eight cardinals of the Roman conclave offered to refrain from electing a new pope if Benedict would resign; but when Benedict's legates refused on his behalf, the Roman party then proceeded to elect Pope Innocent VII.
The suggestion that a church council should resolve the Schism, first made in 1378, was not adopted at first, because canon law required that a pope call a council.
Eventually theologians like Pierre d'Ailly and Jean Gerson, as well as canon lawyers like Francesco Zabarella, adopted arguments that equity permitted the Church to act for its own welfare in defiance of the letter of the law.
Eventually the cardinals of both factions secured an agreement that Benedict and Pope Gregory XII (successor to Innocent VII) would meet at Savona.
At the fifteenth session, 5 June 1409, the Council of Pisa attempted to depose both Pope and antipope as schismatical, heretical, perjured and scandalous, but it then added to the problem by electing a second antipope, Alexander V. He reigned briefly from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410, when he was succeeded by antipope John XXIII, who won some but not universal support.
The council, advised by the theologian Jean Gerson, secured the resignations of John XXIII and Pope Gregory XII, who resigned in 1415, while excommunicating the second antipope, Benedict XIII, who refused to step down.
Archbishops loyal to Benedict XIII subsequently elected Antipope Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier) and three followers simultaneously elected Antipope Clement VIII, but the Western Schism was by then practically over.
The line of Roman popes is now recognized as the legitimate line, but confusion on this point continued until the 19th century.
Pope Pius II (died 1464) decreed that no appeal could be made from pope to council, to avoid any future attempts to undo a papal election by anyone but the elected pope.
One of the most significant of these involved the emergence of the theory called conciliarism, founded on the success of the Council of Constance, which effectively ended the conflict.
This new reform movement held that a general council is superior to the pope on the strength of its capability to settle things even in the early church such as the case in 681 when Pope Honorius was condemned by a council called Constantinople III.
There are theorists such as John Gerson who explained that the priests and the church itself are the sources of the papal power and, thus, the church should be able to correct, punish, and, if necessary, depose a pope.
For years, the so-called conciliarists have challenged the authority of the pope and they became more relevant after a convened council also known as the Council of Florence (1439–1445) became instrumental in achieving ecclesial union between the Catholic Church and the churches of the East.
Scholars note that although the Western Schism did not directly cause such a phenomenon, it was a gradual development rooted in the conflict, effectively eroding the church authority and its capacity to proclaim the gospel.
There are many window decorations for KWin, including the current default Breeze (shown below), the previous default Oxygen, Microsoft Windows-like Redmond, and Keramik.
Annual production was 500,000 ounces of gold from 1957 to 1961, and in 1960, produced the most gold in the Western Hemisphere.
In 1906, the discovery of silver deposits in Cobalt began slowing down, forcing prospectors and miners to venture further north in search of their dreams.
Word spread quickly setting the stage for a new township (McGarry) and the beginning of a gold rush for this area.
In 1910, a dentist from Toronto, Dr. George A. MacKay, with the financial aid from his brothers, bought up claims as Tonene Old Indian Mining Company.
Included in these claims were two claims that two medical doctors, Louden and Addison along with Hugo Kerr (manager of a Cobalt mine) had owned.
Dr. MacKay was very focused in finding his treasure of gold and with some struggles, coupled with pressure from his stakeholders, by the time the year 1937 rolled around, Chesterville and Kerr Addison mines were in full production attracting people from all over in search of their dreams and forming two economically booming towns Virginiatown and Kearns.
The Armistice Gold mine was purchased by Bonterra Resources from Kerr Resources in 2016, and gold exploration and modelling was done to update the resource to a 43-101 Compliant Resource.
Gold Candle Ltd. and investors purchased the old Chesterville Gold Mines and Kerr Addison Gold Mines property in 2016, and conducted a feasibility study and gold exploration with Canadian Exploration Services Limited (CXS Ltd.) on the old Chesterville Gold Mines and Kerr Addison Gold Mines property.
Being situated on Larder Lake, and being home to large amounts of anglers, the McGarry Lions Club hosts an annual fish derby consisting of prizes for the largest pike, trout, and pickerel.
With a playground and several docks and boat launches, McGarry is the perfect place for a family day on the lake, be it for tubing, skiing, or fishing.
For the adventurous, there are hiking trails to take you to the summit of Mount Cheminis for a picturesque view of both McGarry, and the surrounding area.
Hosted annually on Labor Day Weekend, various country artists flock to the McGarry community center to play music and dance with family and friends.
Every winter the McGarry Volunteer FireFighters Association has a snowmobile poker run where many snowmobilers can unite, meet new friends, catch up with old friends and spend a fantastic day of snowmobiling with family and friends.
The Kerr Addison Gold Mine was one of the most productive gold mines in North America and employed over 1,000 of the town, on December 21, 1972, masked thieves targeted the bank as it was payday for the miners.
Witnesses driving by alerted the local small town police, however, all the tires were slashed presumably by one of the thieves or by one of their aids, this consequently slowed them down and gave the thieves time to work with.
However, a threatening letter was mailed to David Mann, the man that attempted to help the police with the robbery by the thieves, the letter threatened David Mann to move out of the town or he will be killed as consequence for trying to sabotage the stick-up.
Dave told close friends about the situation and never reported anything to the police, moving out one week later to Kirkland Lake, a town only approximately 30 kilometers east, after a few years Dave returned to Virginiatown and ironically started working in the Kerr Addison Gold Mine where he had a successful career, being promoted to Underground Captain, a position he held until his retirement in 1985.
The group, who were signed to Polydor Records, originally consisted of Danny Foster, Myleene Klass, Kym Marsh, Suzanne Shaw, and Noel Sullivan.
The contestants were judged by Nigel Lythgoe, Paul Adam (director of A&R at Polydor Records, who had rights to the finished group), and Nicki Chapman, who had worked with the Spice Girls.
The judges reduced the contestants to a group of ten, before visiting each of them at their homes to reveal whether or not they had been selected for the group.
The programme documented Hear'Say recording and promoting their first single with the series ending on the night the single charted in the UK Singles Chart.
Despite the second album's lack of success, it did achieve Gold status by the BPI but over a decade after its release and plans were made for an arena tour but these were later cancelled.
However, in January 2002, Kym Marsh announced that she was leaving Hear'Say, later revealing she often fought with Klass and Noel Sullivan.
During the summer of 2002, the group toured the UK radio roadshows circuit, where they were constantly booed and abused by members of the public, with a performance in Brighton being cut short due to the animosity concerned – evidence of the degree of public animosity that had built up.
During the tour, the group's vehicle was threatened by an apparently armed man at a motorway service area on the M1 motorway in Leicestershire.
Following the disappointing sales of the single, it was thought that they would be dropped by the label, though no official word came from Polydor.
Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier, but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC.
In those reforms, enrollment in the citizen-lists of a deme became the requirement for citizenship; prior to that time, citizenship had been based on membership in a phratry, or family group.
At this same time, demes were established in the main city of Athens itself, where they had not previously existed; in all, at the end of Cleisthenes' reforms, Athens was divided into 139 demes.
The establishment of demes as the fundamental units of the state weakened the gene, or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries.
A deme functioned to some degree as a polis in miniature, and indeed some demes, such as Eleusis and Acharnae, were in fact significant towns.
Demes were combined with other demes from the same area to make trittyes, larger population groups, which in turn were combined to form the ten tribes, or phylai of Athens.
Cleisthenes also reorganized the Boule, created with 400 members under Solon, so that it had 500 members, 50 from each tribe, each deme having a fixed quota.
Each of the ten tribes, except Aiantis, provide 3 demes (not necessarily one for trittyes); the missing contribution of Aiantis is covered by two demes of Leontis and 1 from Aigeis.
Ptolemais, named after Ptolemy III Euergetes is created in 224/223 BC and the Boule increases to 600 members, the twelve tribes giving each a demos; moreover a new village is creatied and named Berenikidai, after Ptolemy's wife Berenice II of Egypt.
In 201/200 BC the Macedonian Phylae are dissolved and the villages (except the two given to Ptolemais) go back to the original tribe.
Attalis, named after Attalus I, is created following the same scheme used for the creation of the Egyptian Phyle: each tribe contributes a deme and a new deme, Apollonieis, is created in honour of Apollonis, wife of Attalus I of Pergamum.
Hadrianis, named after Hadrian following the same scheme: each tribe contributes a deme and a new deme, Antinoeis is created in honour of Hadrian's favorite, Antinous.
There is no evidence for a single general reapportionment of quotas within each of the first three periods, while there are evident small quota-variations between the first and the second periods.
Some deme lists suggest to extend the 139+3 list adding 43 other names some of which have been considered by scholars as attic demes.
The criticism performed by John S. Traill shows that 24 are the result of error, ancient or modern, or of misinterpretation and 19 are well known chiefly from inscriptions of the second and third centuries after Christ, i.e.
When the city was settled under the support of Pericles and the command of Lampon and Xenocritus the population was organized in ten tribes, following the Athenian organization: there were tribes for the population of 1.
By the time of the Byzantine Empire, the term was used to refer to one of the four chariot racing factions, the Reds, the Blues, the Greens and the Whites.
He attended Cleveland Heights High School where he was an excellent student and was active in American football, basketball, and track; he was class president for three years.
Although several small Ohio colleges offered him athletic scholarships, Sheppard chose to follow the lead of his father and older brothers and pursued a career in osteopathic medicine.
He enrolled at Hanover College in Indiana to study pre-osteopathic medical courses, then took supplementary courses at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
Sheppard finished his medical education at the Los Angeles Osteopathic School of Physicians and Surgeons (now University of California Irvine) and was awarded the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O) degree.
A few years after marrying Marilyn Reese on February 21, 1945, in Hollywood, California, Sheppard returned to Ohio and joined his father's growing medical practice at Bay View Hospital.
On the night of July 3, 1954, Sheppard and Marilyn were entertaining neighbors at their lakefront home (demolished in 1993) on Lake Erie at 28944 Lake Road in Bay Village, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, just west of the city.
In the early morning hours of July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was bludgeoned to death in her bed with an unknown instrument.
When he awoke, he saw the person downstairs, chased the intruder out of the house down to the beach where they tussled and Sheppard was knocked unconscious again.
At 5:40 am, a neighbor received an urgent phone call from Sheppard who pleaded for him to come to his home.
When the neighbor and his wife arrived, Sheppard was found shirtless and his pants were wet with a bloodstain on the knee.
Some newspapers and other media in Ohio were accused of bias against Sheppard and inflammatory coverage of the case, and were criticized for immediately labeling him the only viable suspect.
During the trial, a popular radio show broadcast a report about a New York City woman who claimed to be his mistress and the mother of his illegitimate child.
Since the jury was not sequestered, two of the jurors admitted to the judge that they heard the broadcast but the judge did not dismiss them.
From interviews with some of the jurors years later, it is likely that jurors were contaminated by the press before the trial and perhaps during it.
The high-profile nature of the case proved to be a boon to lead prosecutor John J. Mahon, who was running for a seat on the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas as the trial began.
Prosecutors learned during their investigation and revealed at trial that Sheppard had carried on a three-year-long extramarital affair with Susan Hayes, a nurse at the hospital where Sheppard was employed.
Mahon made the most of the case in the absence of any direct evidence against the defendant, other than that he was inside the house when Marilyn Sheppard was killed.
Mahon emphasized the inconsistencies in Sam Sheppard's story and that he could not give an accurate description of the intruder in his house.
Other issues brought up at trial involved why there was no sand in his hair when Sheppard claimed to have been sprawled at the beach, and Sheppard's missing T-shirt, which the prosecutor speculated would or should contain some of Sheppard's blood (having been in an alleged struggle with the perpetrator).
Also, part of the prosecution's case centered around (speculative) questions like why a burglar would first take the belongings in the canvas bag, only to later ditch them in bushes outside the Sheppard home.
Sheppard's lawyer was denied access to the physical evidence by the judge and therefore could not argue any assertions as to blood droplets, murder weapon marks, blood spatter, physical marks on the body, etc.
Corrigan based his argument on the report made by neurosurgeon Dr. Charles Elkins, M.D., who examined Sheppard and found he had suffered a cervical concussion, nerve injury, many absent or weak reflexes (most notably on the left side of his body), and injury in the region of the second cervical vertebra in the back of the neck.
The defense further argued the crime scene was extremely bloody, yet the only blood evidence appearing on Sheppard was a bloodstain on his trousers.
Corrigan also argued two of Marilyn's teeth had been broken and that the pieces had been pulled from her mouth, suggesting she had possibly bitten her assailant.
However, as criminologist Paul L. Kirk later pointed out, if the beating had broken Mrs. Sheppard's teeth, pieces would have been found inside her mouth, and her lips would have been severely damaged, which was not the case.
Sheppard took the stand in his own defense, testifying that he had been sleeping downstairs on a daybed when he awoke to his wife's screams.
The defense called eighteen character witnesses for Sheppard, and two witnesses who said that they had seen a bushy-haired man near the Sheppard home on the day of the crime.
On January 7, 1955, shortly after his conviction, Sheppard was told that his mother, Ethel Sheppard, had committed suicide by gunshot.
In 1959, Sheppard voluntarily took part in cancer studies by the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, allowing live cancer cells to be injected into his body.
The State of Ohio was ordered to release Sheppard on bond and gave the prosecutor 60 days to bring charges against him, otherwise the case would be dismissed permanently.
The State of Ohio appealed the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals Court for the Sixth Circuit, which on March 4, 1965 reversed the federal judge's ruling.
Three days after his 1964 release, he married Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a German divorcee who had corresponded with him during his imprisonment.
Tebbenjohanns endured her own bit of controversy shortly after the engagement had been announced, confirming that her half-sister was Magda Ritschel, the wife of Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels.
It was during this trial that Paul Kirk presented the bloodspatter evidence he collected in Sheppard's home in 1955 which suggested that the murderer was left-handed (Sheppard was right-handed) proved crucial to his acquittal.
Sheppard wrestled over 40 matches before his death in April 1970, including a number of tag team bouts with Strickland as his partner.
Five days after he was granted privileges, he performed a discectomy on a woman and accidentally cut an artery; the patient died the next day.
Sheppard resigned from the hospital staff a few months later after wrongful death suits had been filed by the patients' families.
His body remained there until September 1997 when he was exhumed for DNA testing as part of the lawsuit brought by his son to clear his father's name.
After the tests, the body was cremated, and the ashes were inurned in a mausoleum at Knollwood Cemetery in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, along with those of his murdered wife, Marilyn.
In 1999, Alan Davis, a lifelong friend of Sheppard and administrator of his estate, sued the State of Ohio in the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas for Sheppard's wrongful imprisonment.
By order of the court, Marilyn Sheppard's body was exhumed, in part to determine if the fetus she was carrying had been fathered by Sheppard.
During the civil trial, plaintiff attorney Terry Gilbert contended that Richard Eberling, an occasional handyman and window washer at the Sheppard home, was the likeliest suspect in Marilyn's murder.
He stated that he cut his finger while washing windows just prior to the murder and bled while on the premises.
The polygraph examiner concluded that Eberling did not show deception in his answers, although the polygraph results were evaluated by other experts years later who found that it was either inconclusive or Eberling was deceptive.
When it was presented to Bailey that an independent polygraph expert said Eberling either murdered Marilyn or had knowledge of who did, Bailey stated that he probably would have presented Eberling as a suspect in the 1966 retrial.
DNA analysis of blood at the crime scene showed that there was presence of blood from a third person, other than Marilyn and Dr. Sam Sheppard.
With regard to tying the blood to Eberling, the DNA analysis that was allowed to be admitted to the trial was inconclusive.
A plaintiff DNA expert was 90% confident that one of the blood spots belonged to Richard Eberling but, according to the rules of the court, this was not admissible.
The defense argued that the blood evidence had been tainted in the years since it was collected, and that an important blood spot on the closet door in Marilyn Sheppard's room potentially included 83% of the adult white population.
The defense also pointed out that the results in 1955 from the older blood typing technique, that the blood collected from the closet door was Type O, while Eberling's blood type was Type A.
Throughout his life, Richard Eberling was associated with women who had suspicious deaths and he was convicted of murdering Ethel May Durkin, a wealthy, elderly widow who died without any immediate family.
Durkin's 1984 murder in Lakewood, Ohio, was uncovered when a court-appointed review of the woman's estate revealed that Eberling, Durkin's guardian and executor, had failed to execute her final wishes, which included stipulations on her burial.
Durkin's body was exhumed and additional injuries were discovered in the autopsy that did not match Eberling's previous claims of in-house accidents, including a fall down a staircase in her home.
Although Eberling denied any criminal involvement in the murder of Marilyn Sheppard, Kathy Wagner Dyal, who worked alongside Eberling in caring for Ethel May Durkin, also testified that Eberling had confessed to her in 1983.
Eberling died in an Ohio prison in 1998, where he was serving a life sentence for the 1984 murder of Ethel May Durkin.
Steve Dever led the defense trial team for the State of Ohio, which included assistant prosecutors Dean Maynard Boland and Kathleen Martin.
They argued that Sheppard was the most logical suspect, and presented expert testimony suggesting that Marilyn Sheppard's murder was a textbook domestic homicide.
They argued that Sheppard had not welcomed the news of his wife's pregnancy, he wanted to continue his affairs with Susan Hayes and with other women, and he was concerned about the social stigma that a divorce might create.
They claimed the evidence showed that Marilyn Sheppard may have hit Sam Sheppard, sparking an angry rage that resulted in her bludgeoning.
Boland evaluated evidence that had been considered by fifty years of investigators, journalists and others, and during the trial he was the first to suggest that the murder weapon used by Sam Sheppard was a bedroom lamp.
The jury deliberated just three hours on April 12, 2000, before returning a unanimous verdict that Samuel Reese Sheppard had failed to prove that his father had been wrongfully imprisoned.
On February 22, 2002, the Eighth District Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that the civil case should not have gone to the jury, on the grounds that the statute of limitations had expired, and that a claim for wrongful imprisonment abated with Sam Sheppard's death.
A 2002 book theorizes that Marilyn Sheppard was murdered by James Call, an Air Force deserter who passed through Cleveland on a multi-state crime spree at the relevant time.
In 2012, William Mason, then Cuyahoga County Prosecutor, designated the Cleveland–Marshall College of Law Library at Cleveland State University as the repository for records and other materials relating to the Sheppard case.
The law school has digitized the material, consisting of over 60 boxes of photographs, recordings, and trial exhibits, and posted portions of it online through the school's institutional repository.
Vilém Tauský was from a musical family: his Viennese mother had sung Mozart at the Vienna State Opera under Gustav Mahler, and her cousin was the operetta composer Leo Fall.
He eventually reached the UK after the fall of France and was later awarded a Czech Military Cross, followed by the Czech Order of Merit at the end of the war.
He was the first foreign conductor to conduct the Band of the Coldstream Guards in 100 years and was an instructor/adjudicator at Kneller Hall for some years, as well as an adjudicator at the annual Brass Band competitions.
Between 1966 and 1992, he was the director of opera and head of the conducting course at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.
As a composer, his most popular success was the Harmonica Concertino he wrote for Tommy Reilly in 1973, which was also used for a ballet in New York.
The town of Sarlat is in a region known in France as the Périgord Noir (the Black Périgord, as opposed to the Green Périgord, the White Périgord, and the Purple Périgord).
Because modern history has largely passed it by, Sarlat has remained preserved and one of the towns most representative of 14th century France.
It owes its current status on France's Tentative List for future nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage site to the enthusiasm of writer, resistance fighter and politician André Malraux, who, as Minister of Culture (1960–1969), restored the town and many other sites of historic significance throughout France.
The city also appears in the first instalments of French author Robert Merle's saga Fortune de France, which tells the story of a fictitious Huguenot, Pierre de Siorac, during the 16th and 17th century in France.
The Mari (, ) are a Finno-Ugric ethnic group, who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia.
In the past, the Mari have also been known as the Cheremisa or the Cheremis people in Russian and the Çirmeş in Tatar.
In practice this involved facilitating grain requisitions by the Soviet state, the recruitment of soldiers for the Red Army and the implementation of Bolshevik control of the society.
During the Soviet Era, large numbers of ethnic Russians were moved into traditionally Mari lands, significantly changing the demographics of the region, and making the Mari a minority in many parts of their homeland.
Furthermore, Bolshevik policies officially aimed at combating undue influence of nationalism in a multi-nation union, resulted in the murder of leading Mari figures, such as Sergei Čavajn and Olyk Ipai and other teachers, scientists, artists, as well as religious and community leaders.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the newly created republic of Mari El saw a revival of Mari culture and language.
However, following the appointment of Leonid Markelov as Head of the republic in 2001, the government of Mari El has pursued a policy of intense Russification in the region.
In 2005, the European Commission expressed its concern over reports of repression against ethnic Mari opposition figures, journalists, and government officials that promoted Mari culture and opposed Markelov's reappointment as head of the republic that year.
The Mari people consists of four different groups: the Meadow Mari, who live along the left bank of the Volga, the Hill (Mountain) Mari, who live along the right bank of the Volga, the Northwestern Mari, who live in Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod Oblasts, and Eastern Mari, who live in the Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Udmurtia republics and Perm Krai and Sverdlovsk Oblast.
Linguists today distinguish four different dialects, which are not all mutually intelligible: Hill Mari (мары йӹлмӹ), concentrated mainly along the right Volga bank; Meadow Mari (марий йылме), spoken in the lowland regions of the Kokshaga and Volga rivers, which includes the city of Yoshkar-Ola; Eastern Mari, spoken east of the Vyatka River; and Northwestern Mari (маре йӹлмӹ) in the South-West of Kirov Oblast and North-East of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.
Nature serves as a source of absolute good who always helps man as long as he does not harm or oppose it.
Adoption of Christianity was not universal, however, and many Mari today still practice Paganism in syncretic forms, or purer forms adhering to organized Neopagan Mari Traditional Religion organizations.
Most Mari today are members of the Russian Orthodox Church, Pagans though constitute a significant minority of 25 to 40% of the population.
Osteopetrosis affects 1 newborn out of every 20,000 to 250,000 worldwide, but the odds are much higher in the Russian region of Mari El with 1 of every 14,000 newborns affected.
It is now delisted in both Europe and USA and is forbidden if used in foods and drinks, as toxicological data has shown it is harmful.
It is built on former industrial docklands on the north side of the city at the edge of the boundary between formerly separate ports of Newhaven and Leith.
Since then, the entire area has undergone urban renewal and regeneration, much led by and on the lands in the ownership of Forth Ports and its predecessors.
The now-decommissioned Royal Yacht Britannia, which is accessed via the Britannia Visitor Centre within Ocean Terminal, is permanently berthed next to the building and can be viewed from the centre.
PureGym and Debenhams are the Terminal's main shops; in total there are some 85 shops, 6 restaurants, 3 coffee shops, a variety of bars and cafés, as well as a cinema Vue and a day spa.
The shopping centre was originally going to be a stop on the Edinburgh Trams route but was subsequently cut when the line was shortened to York Place.
However, there is an ongoing consultation by the City of Edinburgh Council on extending the current tram line to Newhaven which would include a stop at Ocean Terminal.
In late-2018, the owners of the centre announced plans to refurbish and rebrand the centre as Porta, with a focus being placed on outlets and factory stores.
A colourant/colour additive (British spelling) or colorant/color additive (American spelling) is a substance that is added or applied in order to change the colour of a material or surface.
Colourants can be used for many purposes including printing, painting, and for colouring many types of materials such as foods and plastics.
Colourants work by absorbing varying amounts of light at different wavelengths (or frequencies) of its spectrum, transmitting (if translucent) or reflecting the remaining light in straight lines or scattered.
Typical dyes are formulated as solutions, while pigments are made up of solid particles suspended and are generally suspended in a vehicle (e.g., linseed oil).
The color a colorant imparts to a substance is mediated by other ingredients it is mixed with such as binders and fillers are added, for example in paints and inks.
Colourants, or their constituent compounds, may be classified chemically as inorganic (often from a mineral source) and organic (often from a biological source).
15985) is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13 with a shoulder at 500 nm.
When added to foods sold in the United States it is known as FD&C Yellow 6; when sold in Europe, it is denoted by E Number E110.
It has been claimed since the late 1970s under the advocacy of Benjamin Feingold that Sunset Yellow FCC causes food intolerance and ADHD-like behavior in children but there is no scientific evidence to support these broad claims.
It is possible that certain food coloring may act as a trigger in those who are genetically predisposed, but the evidence is weak.
6 in the US and is approved for use in coloring food, drugs, and cosmetics with an acceptable daily intake of 3.75 mg/kg.
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ADHD-like behavior in children.
The European regulatory community, with a stronger emphasis on the precautionary principle, required labelling and temporarily reduced the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the food colorings; the UK FSA called for voluntary withdrawal of the colorings by food manufacturers.
The US FDA did not make changes following the publication of the Southampton study, but following a citizen petition filed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest in 2008, requesting the FDA to ban several food additives, the FDA commenced a review of the available evidence, and still made no changes.
In Europe, it was denoted by the E Number E111, but has been forbidden for use in foods since 1 January 1978.
The absorption spectrum of Orange GGN and Sunset Yellow is nearly identical in visible and ultraviolet range, but they can be distinguished by their IR spectra.
First passed in 1876 and still in force with amendments, it is the primary document which defines how the Government of Canada interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members.
Throughout its long history the Act has been an ongoing subject of controversy and has been interpreted in different ways by both Aboriginal Canadians and non-Aboriginal Canadians.
The Act replaced any laws on the topic passed by a local legislature before a province joined Canadian Confederation, creating a definitive national policy on the subject.
Nevertheless, its unilateral nature, imposed on indigenous peoples by the Canadian government in contrast to the treaties, is itself a source of discontent among indigenous peoples in Canada.
The purpose of the Act, as stated by its drafters, was to administer Indian affairs in such a way that Indian people would feel compelled to renounce their Indian status and join Canadian civilization as full members: a process called enfranchisement.
Interactions between enfranchised citizens and Indians were subject to strict controls; for example, the enfranchised were forbidden by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to traffic in alcohol or land with Indians.
These provisions interfered with the matrilineal cultures of many First Nations, whereby children were born to the mother's clan and people and gained their status in the tribe from her family.
The Act was amended in 1985 (Bill C-31) to restore status to people who had lost it in one of these ways, and to their children.
Lawrence discusses the struggles of Jeannette Corbiere Lavell and Yvonne Bédard in the early 1970s, two women who had both lost their Indian status for marrying white men.
In 1981, Sandra Lovelace, a Maliseet woman from western New Brunswick, forced the issue by taking her case to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, contending that she should not have to lose her own status by her marriage.
In the 1951 amendments to the Act, paragraph 12(1)(b) initiated that a status Indian woman who married a man who was not a status Indian became non-status.
Subjecting Aboriginal female status to that of their father or husband, the Canadian government applied gender bias requirements to the legal status of Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
Without legal status, Aboriginal women are unable to access treaty benefits, practice inherent rights to live on their reserve, inherit family property or be buried on reserve with ancestors.
Restricted from access to their native community, Aboriginal women without legal status were unable to participate in ceremonies and rituals on their traditional land.
However, these conditions did not apply to status Indian men who married non-status women; these men were able to keep their status.
Section 12, paragraph 1(b) of the Act worked to disadvantage the position of Aboriginal women and can be considered an attempt to demolish Aboriginal families and alienate Aboriginal women from their land.
As stated in Bill C-31, women who lost their status as a result of marrying a man who was not a status Indian can apply for reinstatement and regain status under subsection 6(1).
Thus, by reinstating women under section 6 of the Act, the Canadian government failed to completely remove gender discrimination from its legislation, as the children of reinstated women have restrictions on their status, and status Indian men continue to hold greater quality of status then women.
Since it was the children of Aboriginal women who had been affected by restrictions under subsection 6(2) legal registration, only women who had children were eligible to be registered under subsection 6(1) of the Act.
Continuing to place restrictions on the status of reinstated women, Bill C-3 does not remove all gender bias provisions from the Act.
The now infamous Indian Residential School system subjected children to forced conversions, sickness, abuse and what has been described as an attempt at Genocide by the recent Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
The Canadian Indian residential school system can be seen as an attempt to force Indians off their lands, sever family ties and diminish traditional Indian culture, for which on June 11, 2008 the government of Canada apologized.
Although lifted in 1951, repression of Indigenous spiritual practices continued in Canadian prisons through to the 1980s, as prison wardens often denied Indigenous peoples access to materials used for prayer.
A 1927 amendment (Section 141) forbid any first nation or band from retaining a lawyer for the purpose of making a claim against Canada, and further forbid them from raising money to retain a lawyer, on punishment of imprisonment.
Since the 1990s, several pieces of legislation have been passed allowing individual bands to opt out of a particular section of the Indian Act if an agreement is signed between the band and the government putting alternative measures in place.
The 1895 amendment of the Indian Act (Section 114) criminalized many Aboriginal ceremonies, which resulted in the arrest and conviction of numerous Aboriginal people for practising their basic traditions.
These arrests were based on Aboriginal participation in festivals, dances and ceremonies that involved the wounding of animals or humans, or the giving away of money or goods.
The dance ceremony involved the giving away and exchange of blankets and horses; thus it breached Section 114 of the Indian Act.
As a result, Wanduta, an elder of the Dakota community, was sentenced to four months of hard labour and imprisonment on January 26, 1903.
These dances affirmed kinship ties, provided elders with opportunities to pass on insight, legends and history to the next generation, and were a core part of Aboriginal resistance to assimilation.
It is estimated that between 1900 and 1904, 50 Aboriginal people were arrested and 20 were convicted for their involvement in such dances.
The case is remembered for having been one of the few in which the Bill of Rights prevailed in application to Indian rights.
He went to Birkenhead School until the age of 14, before being sent to Charterhouse School, but ran away at age 16.
Competitions between groups, singing and dancing dithyrambs were an important part of the festivals of Dionysus, such as the Dionysia and Lenaia.
Dithyrambs were composed by the poets Simonides and Bacchylides, as well as Pindar (the only one whose works have survived in anything like their original form).
The clearest sense of dithyramb as proto-tragedy comes from a surviving dithyramb by Bacchylides, though it was composed after tragedy had already developed fully.
By the 4th century BCE the genre was in decline, although the dithyrambic competitions did not come to an end until well after the Roman takeover of Greece.
The Kellogg Company, doing business as Kellogg's, is an American multinational food manufacturing company headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States.
Kellogg's produces cereal and convenience foods, including crackers and toaster pastries and markets their products by several well known brands including Corn Flakes, Frosted Flakes, Pringles, Eggo, and Cheez-It.
Kellogg's largest factory is at Trafford Park in Trafford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, which is also the location of its UK headquarters.
In 1876, John Harvey Kellogg became the superintendent of the Battle Creek Sanitarium (originally the Western Health Reform Institute founded by Ellen White) and his brother, W. K. Kellogg, worked as the bookkeeper.
For years, W. K. Kellogg assisted his brother in research aimed at improving the vegetarian diet of the Battle Creek Sanitarium's patients, especially in the search for wheat-based granola.
Kellogg and his brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg were in the process of cooking some wheat for a type of granola when they were called away.
They decided to force the tempered grain through the rollers anyway, and surprisingly, the grain did not come out in long sheets of dough.
As a result, the brothers fell out, and W. K. launched the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company on February 19, 1906.
Convincing his brother to relinquish rights to the product, Will's company produced and marketed the hugely successful Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes and was renamed the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company in 1909, taking on the current name of the Kellogg Company in 1922.
In 1931, the Kellogg Company announced that most of its factories would shift towards 30-hour work weeks, from the usual 40.
Kellogg stated that he did this so that an additional shift of workers would be employed in an effort to support people through the depression era.
This practice remained until World War II, and continued briefly after the war, although some departments and factories remained locked into 30-hour work weeks until 1980.
From 1969 to 1977, Kellogg's acquired various small businesses including Salada Foods, Fearn International, Mrs. Smith's Pies, Eggo, and Pure Packed Foods; however, it was later criticized for not diversifying further like General Mills and Quaker Oats were.
Such comments stimulated Kellogg chairman William E. LaMothe to improve, which primarily involved approaching the demographic of 80 million baby boomers rather than marketing children-oriented cereals.
In emphasizing cereal's convenience and nutritional value, Kellogg's helped persuade U.S. consumers age 25 to 49 to eat 26% more cereal than people of that age ate five years prior.
The U.S. ready-to-eat cereal market, worth $3.7 billion at retail in 1983, totaled $5.4 billion by 1988 and had expanded three times as fast as the average grocery category.
Kellogg's also introduced new products including Crispix, Raisin Squares, and Nutri-Grain Biscuits and reached out internationally with Just Right aimed at Australians and Genmai Flakes for Japan.
During this time, the company maintained success over its top competitors: General Mills, which largely marketed children's cereals, and Post, which had difficulty in the adult cereal market.
Kellogg's also owns the Bear Naked, Natural Touch, Cheez-It, Murray, Austin cookies and crackers, Famous Amos, Gardenburger (acquired 2007), and Plantation brands.
In 2012, Kellogg's became the world's second-largest snack food company (after PepsiCo) by acquiring the potato crisps brand Pringles from Procter & Gamble for $2.7 billion in a cash deal.
Earlier that year, Kellogg's also opened new corporate office space in Chicago's Merchandise Mart for its global growth and IT departments.
On April 1, 2019, it was announced that Kellogg's was selling Famous Amos, Murray's, Keebler, Mother's and Little Brownie Bakers (one of the producers of the cookies for the Girl Scouts of the USA) to Ferrero SpA for $1.4 billion.
For the fiscal year 2017, Kellogg's reported earnings of US$1.269 billion, with an annual revenue of US$12.932 billion, a decline of 0.7% over the previous fiscal cycle.
Foremost among these is the design of the Kellogg's logo by Ferris Crane under the art direction of famed type guru Y. Ames.
Kellogg's is a sponsor of USA Gymnastics and produces the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics, a 36-city tour held after the Olympic games and featuring performances by recent medal-winning gymnasts from the United States.
The marketing strategy that he established has produced thousands of different cereal box prizes that have been distributed by the tens of billions.
The book was originally available as a prize that was given to the customer in the store with the purchase of two packages of the cereal.
There were five series of comic characters and 18 different buttons in each set, with a total of 90 in the collection.
Other manufacturers of major brands of cereal, including General Mills, Malt-O-Meal, Nestlé, Post Foods, and Quaker Oats, followed suit and inserted prizes into boxes of cereal to promote sales and brand loyalty.
Kellogg's sponsored the #5 for Labonte, Kyle Busch, Casey Mears, and Mark Martin until 2010, and it then served as an associate sponsor for Carl Edwards' #99 car for Roush Fenway Racing.
Kellogg's placed Dale Earnhardt on Kellogg's Corn Flakes boxes for 1993 six-time Winston Cup champ and 1994 seven-time Winston Cup champ, as well as Jeff Gordon on the Mini Wheats box for the 1993 rookie of the year, 1995 Brickyard 400 inaugural race, 1997 Champion, and 1998 three-time champ, and a special three-pack racing box set with Dale Earnhardt, Jeff Gordon, Terry Labonte, and Dale Jarrett in 1996.
In Talking Tony, Tony the Tiger, one of Kellogg's most famous mascots, would be the main and only character in the game.
Kellogg's frequently partners with the Olympic Games to feature American athletes from the Olympic Games on the packages of their cereal brands.
In 2017, the company announced its marketing campaign for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games featuring American athletes Nathan Chen, Kelly Clark, Meghan Duggan and Mike Schultz.
Some of Kellogg's marketing has been questioned in the press, prompted by an increase in consumer awareness of the mismatch between the marketing messages and the products themselves.
Food bloggers are also questioning the marketing methods used by cereal manufacturing companies such as Kellogg's, due to their high sugar content and use of ingredients such as high-fructose corn syrup.
On June 25, the company voluntarily began to recall about 28 million boxes of Apple Jacks, Corn Pops, Froot Loops and Honey Smacks because of an unusual smell and flavor from the packages' liners that could make people ill. Kellogg's said about 20 people complained about the cereals, including five who reported nausea and vomiting.
Little is known about 2-methylnaphthalene's impact on human health as the Food and Drug Administration has no scientific data on its impact on humans, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also does not have health and safety data.
Use-by dates printed on the recalled packages ranged from April 1, 2013, to September 21, 2013, and were accompanied by the letters KB, AP or FK.
On June 3, 2010, Kellogg's was found to be making unsubstantiated and misleading claims in advertising their cereal products by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
According to Amnesty International in 2016, Kellogg's palm oil provider Wilmar International profited from 8 to 14-year-old child labor and forced labor.
Kellogg's donated around US$2 million opposing California Proposition 37, a 2012 ballot initiative that, if enacted, would have required compulsory labeling of genetically engineered food products.
Roland lives beneath King's Cross railway station in The Ratcave and also in Ratcavetwo under the Hollywood Sign in Los Angeles.
Claridge actually provides voices for all the main characters: Roland Rat, Errol the Hamster, Kevin The Gerbil, Little Reggie, Fergie the Ferret and Roland's father Freddie, as they often appear on screen together.
During this period, Roland and friends would feature in a half hour episode transmitted on school holiday weekdays on TV-am from 9.00am.
One notable highlight during this period was the visit of Austrian racing driver Roland Ratzenberger who appeared on the show in a motor race against the Ratmobile ending with Ratzenberger's car being sabotaged by his near-namesake.
The character of Errol the Hamster was gradually drafted in during the first year as a VT technician responsible for running the cartoons inserted into the show.
Following enormous demand, the season was repeated across subsequent Sundays for the benefit of school pupils whose half term had not fallen the week of the series' transmission.
TV-AM sold Roland Rat advent calendars, with Roland opening each door with the viewers at 7.20am every day, The final door had Roland and his friends in the snow.
On 3 October 1985, he transferred to the BBC, for a three-year contract, which ended up being extended to six years.
These series also featured Roland's parents, Iris and Freddie, his pet flea Colin, Fergie the Ferret, Eric the Eagle and his agent D'Arcy De Farcy.
The cassette recording claimed to be the LP recording, and vice versa; spoken word sketches at the starts and ends of the sides on both releases revealed this to have been the result of a mix-up which could not be rectified for financial reasons.
The player had to guide Roland through the sewers of London and collect nine pieces of a door which, when complete, would allow him to rescue his companions in time for an appearance on TV-am.
Roland had to avoid enemies in the form of animated wellington boots which could be temporarily incapacitated with a squirt of glue, which could also be used to stop tube trains in order to ride on them.
Roland has appeared on hundreds of items ranging from toothbrushes to wallpaper, bedding, stationery, mugs, canned pasta and children's glasses by Dolland and Aitchison .
Since the operators of most Internet routers have disabled IP multicast due to concerns regarding bandwidth tracking and billing, the Mbone was created to connect multicast-capable networks over the existing Internet infrastructure.
A year later the Mbone was used, this time symmetrically (simultaneous transmission and reception without hierarchy among participants), for a first experience of real-time graphical interaction without the intermediary of any Center (Poietic Generator).
Mbone was free and it used a network of routers that support IP multicast, and it enables access to real-time interactive multimedia on the Internet.
To cope with this, tunnels must be set up on both ends: multicast packets are encapsulated in unicast packets and sent through a tunnel.
In Canada, a separate school is a type of school that has constitutional status in three provinces (Ontario, Alberta and Saskatchewan) and statutory status in three territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut).
In these Canadian jurisdictions, a separate school is one operated by a civil authority—a separate school board—with a mandate enshrined in the Canadian Constitution (for the three provinces) or in federal statutes (for the three territories).
In these six jurisdictions a civil electorate, composed of the members of the minority faith, elects separate school trustees according to the province's or territory's local authorities election legislation.
The constitutionally provided mandate of a separate school jurisdiction and of a separate school is to provide education in a school setting that the separate school board considers reflective of Roman Catholic (or, rarely, Protestant) theology, doctrine, and practices.
The different experience in Ontario as compared to Alberta and Saskatchewan is principally the result of the same constitutional provisions having effect on settlement at different stages in Canadian history.
Only Protestants or Roman Catholics, whichever is the minority faith population compared to the other in a community, can consider the establishment of separate school education.
The separate school establishment right is not available to citizens of any other faith (such as Orthodox Christians, Jews, Mormons, Hindus, Muslims, or Sikhs).
In addition, the minority faith must establish that they wish to leave the public school system and create a separate school system.
When France's colonies in North America were conquered by Britain during the 18th century, British authorities were faced with the dilemma of ruling over a large Roman Catholic community.
This was significant, as Catholic-Protestant violence in England and Ireland had been nearly constant since the beginning of the English Reformation.
Since the Glorious Revolution of 1688, however, Protestantism had been the official religion of the British state as evidenced by the Act of Settlement 1701 which forbade Catholics to become monarch.
In the case of the New World French there was also the fear that the new population was potentially more loyal to a foreign king, that of France, than to Britain.
The Expulsion of the Acadians of 1755 saw some 12,000 Acadians killed and/or forcibly resettled to the Thirteen Colonies, Louisiana, France, England, etc.
When the much larger colony of Canada fell in 1763 (Quebec city invaded in 1759, Montreal in 1760), deportation was seen as less practical.
This guarantee was later threatened on several occasions by assimilationist legislation such as the Royal Proclamation of 1763, but this was largely reversed by the Quebec Act of 1774.
The colony was then divided by Constitutional Act of 1791, with the Anglican Church becoming the established religion in Upper Canada (now Ontario) while Lower Canada remained legally secular but dominated by the Catholic church.
By the time of Confederation in 1867, the majority of Catholics in Upper Canada were of Irish extraction as well as English speaking.
However, Ryerson was not able to convince the Catholic minority and grudgingly agreed to clauses in his education reforms that allowed for minority-faith schools within the publicly funded system.
The Catholic case was strengthened by the fact that the Protestant minority in Lower Canada had already won the right to a separate system.
In New Brunswick under the Parish Schools Act of 1858, there was only loose supervision from the central board of education, and in practice each school was run independently by its board of trustees, and most schools boards were dominated by partisans from one religion or another.
Textbooks were not standardized; Protestant-majority regions used the textbooks of the Irish National Schools while the English-speaking Catholic areas used the books of the Irish Christian Brothers.
These pre-existing rights for tax-funded minority faith schools were then part of the constitutional negotiations surrounding Canadian Confederation in the 1860s.
At the Confederation conferences, Roman Catholic Archbishop Connolly of Halifax argued for separate Catholic and Protestant school systems across the entire federation, administered by the central government.
Instead, the right to separate schools is protected in the three territories by the federal Acts of Parliament which establish those three territories.
School boards funded by the province consist of 29 English Catholic and 8 French Catholic boards, as well as 35 non-denominational public school boards (31 English public, 4 French public).
There is one Protestant separate school jurisdiction in Ontario, the Burkevale Protestant Separate School, operated by the Penetanguishene Protestant Separate School Board.
Since the 19th century, funding for the Roman Catholic separate school system was provided up to Grade 10 under the British North America (BNA) Act.
In 1984, the government of Premier William Davis extended full funding to include the last three (Grades 11–13 (OAC)) years of Roman Catholic secondary schools after having rejected that proposal fifteen years earlier.
The first funded academic year occurred in 1985–86, as grade 11, and one grade was added in each of the next two years.
The right to have a publicly funded separate denominational school system continues to be guaranteed to Roman Catholics in Ontario by Section 93 of the 1982 Constitution Act.
The issue of extending public funding to other religious schools was raised by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in the 2007 Ontario general election; however they lost the election and the issue was not raised again in the subsequent election.
In Alberta and Saskatchewan, the extent of separate school education is more limited, and Protestant separate schools are slightly more present.
For example, in Alberta, about 40% of the land area of the province is included in separate school jurisdictions and there are two Protestant Separate School Districts, in the City of St. Albert (St. Albert Protestant Separate School District) and in the Town of St. Paul (Glen Avon Protestant Separate School District).
One anomaly of the system is that the Town of Morinville has only a public Catholic high school (part of the Greater St. Albert Catholic Regional Division), and no secular or Protestant high schools of any kind.
In Alberta and Saskatchewan, there continues to be large areas of the province where separate school education has never been established.
In these two provinces, there is a clear and well-known process for determining the wishes of the members of the minority faith.
At any time, three or more residents, either Protestant or Roman Catholic, who believe that they are members of the minority faith locally, can initiate the process.
The purpose of meeting is to provide a venue at which all of the local members of the minority faith can debate the pros and cons of leaving the public school jurisdiction and creating a separate school district.
A decision at the meeting against establishment precludes a number of the minority faith who may have favoured establishment from continuing for themselves.
In Alberta, wherever a separate school system exists, individuals who are of the minority faith that established the separate school system must be residents, electors, and ratepayers of the separate school system (the Schmidt decision).
There is no way by which they could opt to be supporters of the public school system except by leaving the minority faith.
In Saskatchewan and Ontario, members of the minority faith may choose to be supporters of the public school system, notwithstanding their faith.
Retention of separate school boards with public funding was a major issue of contention in the negotiations that led to Canadian confederation, chiefly as a result of ethnic and religious tension between the (largely French-speaking) Roman Catholic population in Canada and the Protestant majority.
The issue was a subject of debate at the 1864 Quebec Conference and was finally resolved at the London Conference of 1866 with a proposal to preserve the separate school systems in Quebec and Ontario.
The way in which this agreement was written into the British North America Act, 1867 was to the effect that the condition of education in each colony (or territory) at the time it entered Confederation would be continued thereafter.
Ownership of the schools ranged from parochial (owned and operated directly by a Church) to ownership and operation by a separate not-for-profit society.
Separate school rights have often been criticized as contrary to the spirit of official multiculturalism, primarily, but not exclusively, because only adherents of the Protestant or Roman Catholic faith have these constitutional rights and only in some provinces and territories.
In addition, where separate school systems exist, employees or prospective employees who are of the minority faith have more employment opportunities.
On November 5, 1999, the United Nations Human Rights Committee condemned Canada and Ontario for having violated the equality provisions (Article 26) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
The Committee restated its concerns on November 2, 2005, when it published its Concluding Observations regarding Canada's fifth periodic report under the Covenant.
Opposition to publicly funded separate schools continues in all three provinces where it remains, but most notably in Ontario, where court cases (see Reva Landau) and long-standing, organized opposition groups (OneSchoolSystem.org and Civil Rights in Public Education) continue to actively seek to end or limit public funding for Catholic sectarian schools.
In 1886, Ontario clarified its law, so that such establishment could only occur after an application had been made by at least five Black families in the community.
In Ontario, separate schools for Blacks continued until 1891 in Chatham, 1893 in Sandwich, 1907 in Harrow, 1917 in Amherstburg, and 1965 in North Colchester and Essex.
The laws in Ontario and Nova Scotia governing black separate schools were not repealed until the mid-1960s, and the last segregated schools to close were in Merlin, Ontario in 1965 and in Nova Scotia in 1983.
The name was then changed to Milton, before ultimately being renamed to Inglewood in 1875 to avoid confusion with Milton in the South Island.
The railway reached Inglewood in 1877, connecting it with New Plymouth as part of the first extension of what is now the Marton–New Plymouth line.
Until 1991, Iglewood was home to the Moa-Nui Co-operative Dairies factory (which was the fourth largest dairy factory in New Zealand) before it was shut down in favour of centralised processing near Hawera.
Despite its small population, the town has gained notoriety from a string of violent crimes which tend toward the gruesome, bizarre and barbaric.
Inglewood School and St Patrick's School are full primary (years 1-8) schools with decile ratings of 5 and rolls of 333 and 77, respectively.
From October 2012, the GFA were provisional members of UEFA and the Gibraltar national futsal team, under-19 and under-17 representative teams participated in the 2013/14 UEFA season competitions.
At the XXXVII UEFA Congress held in London on 24 May 2013, Gibraltar was accepted as a full member of UEFA.
The GFA was formed as an increasing number of football clubs were coming into existence in Gibraltar, and the association was designed to bring some form of organisation to the game there.
The GFA affiliated with The Football Association in 1909, and became a full member of FIFA in 2016 allowing its national team is allowed to compete in all international competitions.
This attempt was met with fierce opposition from the Royal Spanish Football Federation but was ratified on 13 May 2016 at the 66th FIFA Congress in Mexico.
Two years later, FIFA confirmed the opening of the procedure and forwarded the GFA application to the appropriate continental confederation, UEFA, since according to FIFA statutes it is the responsibility of confederations to grant membership status to applicants.
Current FIFA and UEFA members include several federations which cannot be said to represent independent nations, such as the UK Home Nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales), the Faroe Islands, Hong Kong, Macau, Puerto Rico, Chinese Taipei, Tahiti and New Caledonia.
French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Saint Martin each have national teams which, despite not being FIFA members, are allowed to compete at the CONCACAF confederation level.
FIFA has also accepted members from other British overseas territories who compete in FIFA World Cup qualification tournaments despite not being sovereign states, including Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat and Turks and Caicos Islands.
The GFA appealed to the world's highest sporting court, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), which in 2003 ruled that the GFA application should be handled according to the old statute.
In August 2006, the CAS ruled again that Gibraltar had to be allowed as a full UEFA and FIFA member, and on 8 December 2006, it was announced that Gibraltar had become a provisional member of UEFA.
On 26 January 2007 at the UEFA Congress held in Düsseldorf (Germany), Gibraltar's application to become a full member of UEFA was rejected, with 45 votes against, 3 in favour (namely, England, Scotland and Wales), and 4 undecided.
On 21 March 2012 the request for full UEFA membership by Gibraltar was discussed again, and a road map which includes financial and educational support from UEFA was agreed.
This road map was to run until the Ordinary UEFA Congress in 2013, when member associations would vote on the request for admission.
UEFA's Executive Committee admitted the GFA as a provisional member as of 1 October 2012, pending a vote at its Congress in May 2013 to make it a full member.
After the vote at the UEFA congress held in London on 24 May 2013, Gibraltar was accepted as a full UEFA member.
Following the example of Armenia and Azerbaijan, and Russia and Georgia it was confirmed that Gibraltar and Spain would be kept apart in qualifying groups for the European Championship (the Euros).
As part of the celebrations for the GFA's achievement, a 54p stamp was issued by the Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau commemorating the association becoming the 54th member of UEFA.
On 13 May 2016, Gibraltar was accepted as a member of FIFA with a vote of 172 to 12 in favour.
President Bill Clinton retained Clarke and in 1998 promoted him to be the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism, the chief counter-terrorism adviser on the National Security Council.
In all three cases, Clarke sharply criticized the Bush administration's attitude toward counter-terrorism before the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and its decision afterward to wage war and invade Iraq.
Richard Clarke was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1950, the son of a worker in a chocolate factory and a nurse.
After starting as a management intern at the U.S. Department of Defense and later working as an analyst on European security issues, Clarke went to graduate school.
Beginning in 1985, Clarke was appointed by the Ronald Reagan administration as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence, his first political appointee position as a Republican Party member.
Democrat Bill Clinton kept Clarke on in his administration, appointing him in 1998 as National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism for the National Security Council.
Clarke continued as counter-terrorism coordinator at the NSC during the first year of the George W. Bush administration, but no longer had access, as the position's scope was reduced.
During the Rwandan genocide of 1994, Clarke advised Madeleine Albright, then US Ambassador to the United Nations, to request the UN to withdraw all UN troops from the country.
She refused, and permitted Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire to keep a few hundred UN troops; his forces saved tens of thousands from the genocide.
He supervised the writing of PDD-25, a classified Executive Order that established criteria for future US participation in UN peacekeeping operations.
After Islamists took control in Sudan in a 1989 coup d'état, the United States had adopted a policy of disengagement with the authoritarian regime throughout the 1990s.
After the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, however, some critics charged that the US should have moderated its policy toward Sudan earlier.
The influence of Islamists there waned in the second half of the 1990s, and Sudanese officials began to indicate an interest in accommodating US concerns related to Osama bin Laden.
Clarke was involved in supervising the investigation of Ramzi Yousef, one of the main perpetrators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, who had traveled to the United States on an Iraqi passport.
Many in the Clinton administration and the intelligence community believed Yousef's ties were evidence linking al-Qaeda's activities and the government of Iraq.
In February 1999, Clarke wrote the Deputy National Security Advisor that a reliable source reported Iraqi officials had met with Bin Laden and may have offered him asylum.
In 1996, Clarke entered into a secret pact with Madeleine Albright, then US ambassador to the UN, Michael Sheehan, and James Rubin, to overthrow U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was running unopposed for a second term in the 1996 selection.
The United States fought a four-round veto duel with France, forcing it to back down and accept the selection of US-educated Kofi Annan as the next Secretary-General.
She discussed Clarke and his communications with the Bush administration regarding bin Laden and associated terrorist plots targeting the United States.
He urgently requested a meeting of the NSC's Principals Committee to discuss the growing al-Qaeda threat in the greater Middle East, and suggested strategies for combating al-Qaeda that might be adopted by the new Bush administration.
By demoting the office, he believed that the Administration sent a signal to the national security bureaucracy that reduced the salience of terrorism.
No longer would Clarke's memos go to the President; instead they had to pass through a chain of command of National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice and her deputy Stephen Hadley, who bounced every one of them back.
Within a week of the inauguration, I wrote to Rice and Hadley asking 'urgently' for a Principals, or Cabinet-level, meeting to review the imminent Al-Qaeda threat.
Rice told me that the Principals Committee, which had been the first venue for terrorism policy discussions in the Clinton administration, would not address the issue until it had been 'framed' by the Deputies.
Clarke asked on several occasions for early principals meetings on these issues and was frustrated that no early meeting was scheduled.
At the first Deputies Committee meeting on terrorism, held in April 2001, Clarke strongly suggested that the U.S. put pressure on both the Taliban and Al-Qaeda by arming the Northern Alliance and other groups in Afghanistan.
Appointed in 2001 as Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Clarke spent his last year in the Bush administration focusing on cybersecurity and the threat of terrorism against the critical infrastructure of the United States.
Clarke said that before and during the 9/11 crisis, many in the Administration were distracted from taking action against Osama bin Laden's Al-Qaeda organization because of an existing pre-occupation with Iraq and Saddam Hussein.
In response Clarke wrote a report stating there was no evidence of Iraqi involvement: all relevant agencies, including the FBI and the CIA, signed off on this conclusion.
In April 2004, the White House at first denied Clarke's account of meeting with Bush but reversed its denial when others who had been present backed Clarke's version of the events.
They impugned his motives, claiming he was a disappointed job-hunter, that he sought publicity, and that he was a political partisan.
They charged that he exaggerated perceived failures in the Bush administration's counterterrorism policies while exculpating the former Clinton administration from its perceived shortcomings.
Frist later speculated to reporters Clarke was trading on his former service as a government insider with access to the nation’s most valuable intelligence to sell a book.
Clarke was criticized for his suggestions in 1999 of intelligence indicating a link between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda, despite the fact Clarke and others concluded after investigations by 2001 that no link had been established.
Clarke claimed in his book that this conclusion was understood by the intelligence community at the time of 9/11 and the ensuing months, but top Bush administration officials were pre-occupied with finding a link between Iraq and 9/11 in the months that followed the attack, and thus, Clarke argued, the Iraq war distracted attention and resources from the war in Afghanistan and hunt for Osama bin Laden.
I was asked to highlight the positive aspects of what the Administration had done and to minimize the negative aspects of what the Administration had done.
Another point of attack was Clarke's role in allowing members of the bin Laden family to fly to Saudi Arabia on September 20, 2001.
According to Clarke's statements to the 9/11 Commission, a request was relayed to Clarke from the Saudi embassy to allow the members of the bin Laden family living in the U.S. to fly home.
Clarke testified to the commission that he passed this decision in turn to the FBI via Dale Watson, and that the FBI at length sent its approval of the flight to the Interagency Crisis Management Group.
But I'm certainly also aware that I'm much better informed than Mr. Clarke ever was about the nature of the intelligence that was available against Osama bin Laden and which was consistently denigrated by himself and Mr.
In responding to and rebutting the criticism, Clarke challenged the Bush administration to declassify the whole record, including closed testimony by Bush administration officials before the Commission.
As of August 2017, Clarke had been obtaining large amounts of funds, notably $20 million for the Middle East Institute via the Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research (ECSSR), an Abu Dhabi-based think tank.
The Middle East Institute had been propagating Emirati agendas in Washington and was mentioned in mail leaks of Yousef Al Otaiba, Emirati ambassador to US.
The Intercept reported that Saif Mohamed Al Hajeri, CEO of Tawazun Holding L.L.C., had been sanctioning the money, larger than the annual budget of the Middle East Institute, on orders of Otaiba.
Clarke is currently Chairman of Good Harbor Consulting and Good Harbour International, two strategic planning and corporate risk management firms; an on-air consultant for ABC News, and a contributor to the Good Harbor Report, an online community discussing homeland security, defense, and politics.
He is an adjunct lecturer at the Harvard Kennedy School and a faculty affiliate of its Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
Clarke wrote that he had little sympathy for his fellow officials who seemed to want to use the excuse of being traumatized and were caught unaware by Al-Qaeda's attacks on the USA, because their being caught unaware was due to their ignoring clear reports a major attack on U.S. soil was imminent.
Moreover, he suggested that the US president could authorize agencies to scan Internet traffic outside the US and seize sensitive files stolen from within the United States.
Clarke then stated that such a policy would not endanger privacy rights through the institution of a privacy advocate, who could stop abuses or any activity that went beyond halting the theft of important files.
In 2013, Clarke served on an advisory group for the Obama administration, as it sought to reform NSA spying programs following the revelations of documents released by Edward Snowden.
In a 2017 interview, Clarke described Russia's recent cyberattack against Ukraine that spread worldwide, via the exPetr virus that posed as ransomware.
He warned confidently that Russia would be back to interfere with the 2018 and 2020 U.S. elections as the vulnerabilities demonstrated in the 2016 election still exist.
The Gibraltar Premier Division was a football league established by the Gibraltar Football Association (GFA) in 1905, and the top tier of football in Gibraltar.
In 1909 the league was split into two divisions between which clubs can be promoted and relegated at the end of each season.
From the 2014–15 season, as a result of the territory's membership of UEFA, the champions entered the first UEFA Champions League qualifying round.
The winners of Gibraltar's cup competition, the Rock Cup, meanwhile, gained entry to the following season's UEFA Europa League qualifying rounds.
By 1895 the number of clubs had grown to the point that the Gibraltar Football Association was formed and a tournament (the predecessor to the Premier Division), the Merchants Cup, began, with Gibraltar winning the inaugural competition.
By 1907 the Premier Division had officially taken shape with Prince of Wales winning the first full season of league football in Gibraltar.
Since the league's formation, football has been played almost every season, along with the Gibraltar Second Division (founded 1909) and a national cup competition, the Rock Cup.
After the FA's admission to UEFA, the Gibraltar Premier Cup was established in 2013 to provide more competitive games for the sides in the top tier.
Due to the restricted and amateur nature of the league in the past, the competition has been prone to spells of dominance at certain times: for example, the early 20th century dominance by Prince of Wales and the 10 league titles in 11 seasons attained by Glacis United in the 1960s and 1970s.
At present Lincoln Red Imps are the dominant side in the division, having won every season since 2000–01 with the exception of the 2001–02 season, until 2017.
However, the UEFA acceptance and potential for increased professionalism in the league has opened the possibility of other sides closing the gap, with sides such as Manchester 62 and Lynx making inroads in the 2013–14 season.
For the 2019–20 season, the Premier Division and the Second Division will be merged to create a single division for Gibraltar, known as the Gibraltar National League.
In 1847 he reported the presence of black pigment granules from the blood and spleen of a patient who died of malaria.
The French Army physician Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, while working at Bône Hospital (now Annaba in Algeria), correctly identified the parasite as a causative pathogen of malaria in 1880.
Laveran's discovery was widely accepted only after five years when Camillo Golgi confirmed the parasite using better microscope and staining technique.
The British physician Patrick Manson formulated the mosquito-malaria theory in 1894; until that time, malarial parasites were believed to be spread in air as miasma, a Greek word for pollution.
The next year, he demonstrated that a malarial parasite of birds could be transmitted by mosquitoes from one bird to another.
These dots are Maurer's cleft and are secretory organelles that produce proteins and enzymes essential for nutrient uptake and immune evasion processes.
It contains secretory organelles called rhoptries and micronemes, which are vital for mobility, adhesion, host cell invasion, and parasitophorous vacuole formation.
As an apicomplexan, it harbours a plastid, an apicoplast, similar to plant chloroplasts, which they probably acquired by engulfing (or being invaded by) a eukaryotic alga and retaining the algal plastid as a distinctive organelle encased within four membranes.
During the asexual blood stage of infection, an essential function of the apicoplast is to produce the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) via the MEP (non-mevalonate) pathway .
The genome of its mitochondrion was reported in 1995, that of the nonphotosynthetic plastid known as the apicoplast in 1996, and the sequence of the first nuclear chromosome (chromosome 2) in 1998.
It is estimated that 551, or roughly 10%, of the predicted nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, while 4.7% of the proteome is targeted to the mitochondria.
Humans are the intermediate hosts in which asexual reproduction occurs, and female anopheline mosquitos are the definitive hosts harbouring the sexual reproduction stage.
The infective stage called sporozoites released from the salivary glands through the proboscis of the mosquito enter the bloodstream during feeding.
The sporozoites move in the blood stream by gliding, which is driven by motor made up of proteins actin and myosin beneath their plasma membrane.
Within the parasitophorous vacuole of the hepatocyte, it undergoes 13-14 rounds of mitosis and meiosis which produce a syncytial cell (coenocyte) called a schizont.
The liver stage can produce up to 90,000 merozoites, which are eventually released into the bloodstream in parasite-filled vesicles called merosomes.
Merozoites use the apicomplexan invasion organelles (apical complex, pellicle and surface coat) to recognize and enter the host erythrocyte (red blood cell).
This infection cycle occurs in a highly synchronous fashion, with roughly all of the parasites throughout the blood in the same stage of development.
This is caused by parasite-derived cell surface proteins being present on the erythrocyte membrane, and it is these proteins that bind to receptors on human cells.
Sequestration in the brain causes cerebral malaria, a very severe form of the disease, which increases the victim's likelihood of death.
After invading the erythrocyte, the parasite loses its specific invasion organelles (apical complex and surface coat) and de-differentiates into a round trophozoite located within a parasitophorous vacuole.
This gives rise to the characteristic clinical manifestations of falciparum malaria, such as fever and chills, corresponding to the synchronous rupture of the infected erythrocytes.
For several days, the oocyst undergoes 10 to 11 rounds of cell division to create a syncytial cell (sporoblast) containing thousands of nuclei.
Meiosis takes place inside the sporoblast to produce over 3,000 haploid daughter cells called sporozoites on the surface of the mother cell.
About 15–20% sporozoites enter the lymphatic system where they activate dendritic cells, which send them for destruction by T lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells).
The mast cells then produce signalling molecules such as TNFα and MIP-2, which activate cell eaters (professional phagocytes) such as neutrophils and macrophages.
Even at the height of the infection when RBCs are ruptured, the immune signals are not strong enough to activate macrophages or natural killer cells.
TRAP and other secretory proteins (including sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal 1, SPECT1 and SPECT2) from microneme allow the sporozoite to move through the blood, avoiding immune cells and penetrating hepatocytes.
During erythrocyte invasion, merozoites release merozoite cap protein-1 (MCP1), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), erythrocyte-binding antigens (EBA), myosin A tail domain interacting protein (MTIP), and merozoite surface proteins (MSPs).
This leads to obstruction of the microcirculation and results in dysfunction of multiple organs, such as the brain in cerebral malaria.
Complicated malaria occurs more commonly in children under age 5, and sometimes in pregnant women (a condition specifically called pregnancy-associated malaria).
Susceptibility to severe malaria is reduced in subsequent pregnancies due to increased antibody levels against variant surface antigens that appear on infected erythrocytes.
But medical programmes, such as insecticide spraying, drug therapy and environmental engineering since the early 20th century resulted in complete eradication in the 1970s.
In 1640, Huan del Vego first employed the tincture of the cinchona bark for treating malaria; the native Indians of Peru and Ecuador had been using it even earlier for treating fevers.
Gize (1816) studied the extraction of crystalline quinine from the cinchona bark and Pelletier and Caventou (1820) in France extracted pure quinine alkaloids, which they named quinine and cinchonine.
Atabrine, developed in 1933, was used widely throughout the Pacific in World War II, but was unpopular because of its adverse effects.
Creating a secret military project called Project 523, Mao Zedong encouraged Chinese scientists to find new antimalarials after seeing the casualties in the Vietnam War.
As second-line antimalarial treatment, when initial treatment does not work, an alternative ACT known to be effective in the region is recommended, such as artesunate plus tetracycline or doxycycline or clindamycin, and quinine plus tetracycline or doxycycline or clindamycin.
For children, especially in the malaria-endemic areas of Africa, artesunate IV or IM, quinine (IV infusion or divided IM injection), and artemether IM are recommended.
Parenteral antimalarials should be administered for a minimum of 24 hours, irrespective of the patient's ability to tolerate oral medication earlier.
Analysis of the results of the phase III trial (conducted between 2011 and 2016) revealed a rather low efficacy (20-39% depending on age, with up to 50% in 5–17-month aged babies), indicating that the vaccine will not lead to full protection and eradication.
Burkit's lymphoma was discovered by Denis Burkitt in 1958 from African children, and he later speculated that the cancer was likely due to certain infectious diseases.
EBV had been known to induce lymphocytes to become cancerous using its viral proteins (antigens such as EBNA-1, EBNA-2, LMP-1, and LMP2A).
This binding activates toll-like receptors (TLR7 and TLR10) causing continuous activation of lymphocytes to undergo proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells, thereby increasing the secretion of IgM and cytokines.
This in turn activates an enzyme called activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which tends to cause mutation in the DNA (by double-strand break) of an EBV-infected lymphocytes.
E. A. Beet, a doctor working in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) had observed in 1948 that sickle-cell disease was related to lower rate of malaria infection.
Évian ( , ; stylized as evian), is a brand of mineral water coming from several sources near Évian-les-Bains, on the south shore of Lake Geneva.
In addition to the mineral water, Danone Group uses the Evian name for a line of organic skin care products as well as a luxury resort in France.
David LaChapelle photographed an Evian campaign juxtaposing a supermodel next to an Evian fountain formed from a Greek statue, which was painted to look like stone by Joanne Gair.
Diane von Fürstenberg designed the limited edition bottle for 2013, Elie Saab for 2014, Kenzo for 2015, Alexander Wang for 2016, and Christian Lacroix for 2017.
In 1789 during a walk, the Marquis of Lessert drank water from the Sainte Catherine spring on the land of a M. Cachat.
The marquis, who was allegedly suffering from kidney and liver problems, claimed that the water from the spring cured his ailments.
In 1908 Évian water began to be sold in glass bottles manufactured by the glass factory Souchon-Neuvesel, which today is a part of Owens-Illinois.
The album featured many advertisements for Évian, including a logo on the cover, six full pages in the booklet, the image of a bottle of Évian on CD1 and a crushed bottle of Évian on CD2.
In 2018, Évian announced that it will make all of its plastic bottles from 100% recycled plastic by 2025, a move that will see the natural spring water brand adopt a ‘circular approach’ to its plastic usage, where plastic is kept within the economy and out of nature.
Loop Industries has developed a technology that enables a continuous loop for recycling at large scale, transforming all types of PET plastic waste into the high-quality plastic required by Evian.
The three areas where the projects will take place are: Thailand's Bung Khong, the La Plata Basin in Argentina, and the Jagdishpur Reservoir in Nepal.
Évian has also taken the initiative to cut their own energy and water use by incorporating post-consumer recycled PET plastic into the bottle sizes that receive the most sales.
It is in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island, between Causeway Bay and Quarry Bay, and projects toward Kowloon Bay.
North Point is bounded by Hing Fat Street (興發街) to the west and by Mansion Street (民新街) to the east, by Victoria Harbour to the north and Braemar Hill to the south.
The Fortress Hill area forms the westernmost part of North Point, while the Tsat Tsz Mui area is located in its easternmost part.
During the 1930s, the beaches of North Point became one of the most popular places for holding swimming gala in Hong Kong.
During World War II, the camp was renamed the North Point Camp, and used as a prisoner of war camp for captured Canadian soldiers during the Japanese occupation.
During the Chinese Civil War, a large number of the rich and middle class from Shanghai fled to Hong Kong to escape the turmoil of war, many of them settled in North Point.
The first school in Hong Kong to use Mandarin as the main medium of instruction, Kiangsu and Chekiang Primary School, was founded in 1953 in North Point by these early Shanghainese immigrants.
Shanghai at the time was heavily associated with leftist movements; leftist-supported businesses in North Point, such as the Sunbeam Theatre which showcases Chinese Opera, are a legacy of their influence.
The second group that moved to North Point were the Fujianese, who were mostly displaced by political events in Southeast Asia.
Two public housing estates are located in North Point: Model Housing Estate, the oldest existing public housing estate in Hong Kong, with several blocks completed in 1954, and Healthy Village.
The North Point Island Place Primary and Kindergarten School is located on Tanner Road and is in the Island Place Estate.
The North Point Government Primary School (Cloud View Road) abbreviated as NPCVR, also opened in 1954, is located at 22 Cloud View Road.
All three schools are whole-day, co-ed and have nominated secondary school status with Shau Kei Wan GSS, Shau Kei Wan East GSS and Clementi Secondary School.
Located near Tin Hau Station is Island Children's Montessori School & Kindergarten (ICMS, ), an international school providing playgroup, nursery, kindergarten and summer camp programs.
The Chinese International School is located on Hau Yuen Path in Braemar Hill and is a private, co-educational school providing education to students from Reception to Year 13.
North Point is served by the Island Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line of the MTR rapid transit railway system.
Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry services connect North Point Ferry Pier to various places in Hong Kong, including Hung Hom, Kowloon City, and Kwun Tong.
In addition to being one of the songs that helped break Aerosmith into the mainstream in the 1970s, it also helped revitalize their career in the 1980s when it was covered by hip hop group Run–D.M.C.
This cover was a touchstone for the new musical subgenre of rap rock, or the melding of rock and hip hop.
It became an international hit and won both groups a Soul Train Music Award for Best Rap Single in 1987 Soul Train Music Awards.
The song starts out with a two measure drum beat intro by Joey Kramer, followed by the well known guitar riff by Joe Perry.
The song proceeds with the main riff made famous by Perry and Brad Whitford on guitar with Tom Hamilton on bass.
They decided to give the song Perry had come up with in Hawaii a try, but it did not have lyrics or a title yet.
At the hotel that night Tyler wrote lyrics for the song, but left them in the cab on the way to the studio next morning.
There is also a lengthy guitar solo at the end of the song, and in concert, Tyler will often harmonize his voice to mimic the sounds of the guitar.
The song has also long been a staple of rock radio, garnering regular airplay on mainstream rock, classic rock, and album-oriented rock radio stations.
They had performed with this song before, but only using first few seconds of the song on a loop, not knowing what the full song sounded like, or even hearing the lyrics.
They didn't want the record to be released as a single even after recording with Aerosmith members and were shocked when it was played all over the radio, on both urban and rock stations.
It was also one of the first big hip hop singles in the UK, reaching a peak of number 8 there.
The song also marked a major comeback for Aerosmith, as they had been largely out of mainstream pop culture for several years while members were battling drug and alcohol addiction along with key members having left the band.
This version of the song is currently ranked as the 110th greatest song of all time, as well as the second best song of 1986, by Acclaimed Music.
This rap-style delivery may explain why the song worked so well as a hip hop song when it was covered eleven years later.
The highly popular video was the first hip hop hybrid video ever played in heavy rotation on MTV and is regarded as a classic of the medium.
Visitors may notice two holes in the ceiling toward the front of the stage where a light fixture was meant to be installed for the shoot.
Small believed that for the video to break into heavy play on MTV, it had to feature Tyler and Perry: he developed the concept of both bands playing on either side of a wall which was subsequently breached.
Aside from Tyler and Perry, none of the other rock musicians in the video are the Aerosmith members; instead, they were played by Roger Lane, J. D. Malo, and Matt Stelutto—respectively rhythm guitarist, bassist, and drummer of the largely unknown hair metal outfit Smashed Gladys.
As only Tyler and Perry had traveled to record the cover with Run-DMC, they were the only real Aerosmith members to appear in the video.
Their version was produced by American producer Dallas Austin, making it Girls Aloud's first single not to be produced by Xenomania.
The track charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, giving Girls Aloud their third number 1 and Sugababes their fifth.
The single was released on March 12, 2007 on just one CD single format, which included a remix of the single and its music video.
The video was filmed over three days in January 2007 – Sugababes on the first, Cheryl Cole, Nicola Roberts, and Kimberley Walsh on the second, and Nadine Coyle and Sarah Harding on the third and final day.
In this song, Gwenc'hlan is imprisoned after having his eyes gouged out for refusing to convert to Christianity, sings out that he isn't afraid to die and makes a prophecy wherein he will be avenged.
The legend of the 6th century bard is largely a creation of de la Villemarqué's, but he may have based his account on the 15th century author, as well as on other traditional Breton tales.
Public humiliation or public shaming is a form of punishment whose main feature is dishonoring or disgracing a person, usually an offender or a prisoner, especially in a public place.
It was regularly used as a form of judicially sanctioned punishment in previous centuries, and is still practiced by different means in the modern era.
Just like painful forms of corporal punishment, it has parallels in educational and other rather private punishments (but with some audience), in school or domestic disciplinary context, and as a rite of passage.
Here different levels of physical discomfort can be added, such as having to hold heavy objects, go barefoot (see below) or kneeling on an uneven surface.
Like physical punishment and harsh hazing, these have become controversial in most modern societies, in many cases leading to legal restrictions and/or (sometimes voluntary) abolishment.
Public shaving was applied to (true or alleged) collaborators after the Allied liberated occupied territories from the Nazi troops; being thus marked, they would remain in danger from molestation.
Forcing people to go barefoot has been used as a relatively effortless and more subtle form of humiliation in most past and present civilized cultures, primarily using the visual contrast to the standard form of appearance while also creating some level of physical discomfort.
The exposure of bare feet often served as an indicator for imprisonment and slavery throughout ancient as well as modern history.
Even today prisoners officially have to go barefoot in many countries of the world and are also presented in court and showcased to the public unshod.
As shoes are commonly worn by all social classes since antiquity in most civilized societies, showcasing a captive to the public in bare feet traditionally symbolizes the person's loss of social standing and personal autonomy.
It usually also causes a considerable degree of humiliation, as this noticeable detail typically sets the prisoner apart from spectators visually and demonstrates the person's vulnerability and general powerlessness.
Further means of public humiliation and degradation consist in forcing people to wear typifying clothes, which can be penitential garbs or prison uniforms.
Presenting arrestees or prisoners to the public in restraints (such as handcuffs, shackles or similar devices) also serves as a convenient method of public humiliation besides the primary security aspects.
The simplest is to administer painful corporal punishment in public - the major aim may be deterrence of potential offenders - so the public will witness the perpetrator's fear and agony.
This can either take place in a town square or other public gathering location such as a school, or take the form of a procession through the streets.
A naval equivalent was Flogging round the fleet on a raft taken from ship to ship for consecutive installments of a great total of lashes, that could even be lethal.
The humiliation can be extended; intentionally or not; by leaving visible marks, such as scars, notably on body parts that are normally left visible.
It invariably is essential in forms of mutilation, such as ear cropping, though the functional loss is even greater; pain may even be intentionally minimized as in the case of surgical amputation, eliminating the risk of accidental death.
The rage and fury may arise in the persecuted individual, themselves lashing out against innocent victims, as they seek revenge or as a means of release.
In post-Colonial times, judicial use of public humiliation punishment has largely fallen out of favor since the practice is now considered cruel and unusual punishment, which is officially outlawed by the United States Constitution.
The RAM's equivalent of the universal Turing machinewith its program in the registers as well as its datais called the random-access stored-program machine or RASP.
The source register's address can be specified either (i) directly by the instruction, or (ii) indirectly by the pointer register specified by the instruction.
The source register's address can be specified either (i) directly by the instruction, or (ii) indirectly by the pointer register specified by the instruction.
The three base sets 1, 2, or 3 above are equivalent in the sense that one can create the instructions of one set using the instructions of another set (an interesting exercise: a hint from Minsky (1967)declare a reserved register e.g.
The choice of model will depend on which an author finds easiest to use in a demonstration, or a proof, etc.
For example: the most expanded set would include each unique instruction from the three sets, plus unconditional jump J (z) i.e.
In the following one must remember that these models are abstract models with two fundamental differences from anything physically real: unbounded numbers of registers each with unbounded capacities.
In the context of a more computer-like model using his RPT (repeat) instruction Minsky (1967) tantalizes us with a solution to the problem (cf p. 214, p. 259) but offers no firm resolution.
From the references in Hartmanis (1971) it appears that Cook (in his lecture notes while at UC Berkeley, 1970) has firmed up the notion of indirect addressing.
In this sense the solution represents the unbounded μ operator that can, if necessary, hunt ad infinitim along the unbounded string of registers until it finds what it is looking for.
To be Turing equivalent the counter machine needs to either use the unfortunate single-register Minsky Gödel number method, or be augmented with an ability to explore the ends of its register string, ad infinitum if necessary.
Indeed, Elgot-Robinson (1964) provide their models P and P' with the COPY instructions, and Cook-Reckhow (1973) provide their accumulator-based model with only two indirect instructionsCOPY to accumulator indirectly, COPY from accumulator indirectly.
If we so choose, we can abbreviate the mnemonics because at least one source-register and the destination register is always the accumulator A.
For maximum flexibility, as we have done for the accumulator Awe will consider N just another register subject to increment, decrement, clear, test, direct copy, etc.
The following table both defines the Post-Turing instructions in terms of their RAM equivalent instructions and gives an example of their functioning.
The commonly encountered Cook and Rechkow model is a bit like the ternary-register Malzek model (written with Knuth mnemonicsthe original instructions had no mnemonics excepting TRA, Read, Print).
Indirection comes (i) from CPYAN (copy/transfer contents A to N) working with store_A_via_N STAN, and from (ii) the peculiar indirection instruction codice_25.
We can escape this restriction by providing an unbounded register to provide the address of the register that specifies an indirect address.
Historically a part of Lancashire, it is situated three miles north of Bolton and 12 miles north west of Manchester city centre within the West Pennine Moors.
Egerton was originally part of the township of Turton in the ancient parish of Bolton-le-Moors and consisted of a small, remote, farming community known as Walmsley.
The name Egerton was brought to the area in 1663 when Ralph Egerton married the step-daughter of James Walmsley, after which their property became known as Egerton's.
Egerton is located a short distance from Bromley Cross and Tonge Moor, close to Canon Slade School in Bradshaw and Turton School.
It contains two Grade II listed buildings, and comprises frontages to the Blackburn Road (A666) and a number of side streets, Egerton Cricket Ground, Egerton Park, the grounds of Egerton House and Christ Church.
To the west of Egerton is Gale Clough and Shooterslee Wood, a Site of Special Scientific Interest designated for its biological interest.
The nearby Strait of Rio, crossed by the Rio–Antirrio bridge, separates the Gulf of Patras from the Gulf of Corinth to the east.
Vowels in the middle of words are represented symbolically, mainly by varying the position and the impact of the following consonant signs.
Modern German shorthand, Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift, retains most of the consonant signs of Gabelsberger's alphabet but has a modified system of vowel representation.
The Leitrim part of the town is in the civil parish of Kiltoghert which is in the ancient barony of Leitrim.
Corryolus townland on the Shannon () remembers Eolais Mac Biobhsach, ancestor of the Muintir Eolais who were the most famous ancient Leitrim sub-septs in the Barony of Mohill and the Barony of Leitrim.
Throughout at least the 19th and 20th centurys, three annual fairs were held at Carrick on- May 12, August 11, and November 21 (or 22nd).
It is considered the gateway to the Shannon–Erne Waterway, Lough Key, Acres Lake and Lough Allen via the villages of Cootehall, Knockvicar, Jamestown, Leitrim Village, Drumshanbo and Keshcarrigan and is only a short distance away from the Glens of North Leitrim.
In the 1840s the improvement of the navigation entailed extensive dredging of the river, the cutting of Jamestown Canal, the construction of locks at Drumsna and Knockvicar, and the building of a new bridge and Quays at Carrick-on-Shannon.
The new bridge, built in 1846, took the place of a nine arch stone bridge, which in turn replaced a wooden structure.
For over a century, until the closing of the Grand Canal Company in 1960, Carrick was a major depot for river trade; timber, cement, hardware, and especially Guinness stout were all transported here from Dublin, Athlone, and Limerick.
It is also reputed to have been the home of Turlough O'Carolan, the harpist and composer when he came to Carrick as a boy with his family from Nobber, Co. Meath in 1684.
Carrick on Shannon experiences a year-round mild, moist, temperate and changeable climate, due to the prevailing winds of the Gulf Stream.
The town experiences a lack of temperature extremes, with temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) and above 30 °C (86 °F) being rare.
Rain is the most common form of precipitation - hail, sleet and snow are rare in the town, though will sometimes be experienced during particularly cold winters.
Carrick-on-Shannon is also consistently humid, with humidity normally ranging from 70% to 100%, and this can lead to heavy showers, and even thunderstorms breaking out when drier east winds, originating in the European continent, clash with this humidity particularly in the late summer.
The average January temperature in the town is 6.8 °C (40.6 °F) and the average July temperature is 16.0 °C (60.8 °F).
As its name implies, the town is located on the River Shannon, which is linked to the River Erne via the Shannon–Erne Waterway.
The Leitrim part of the town is situated in the townland of Townparks which is part of the extensive civil parish of Kiltoghert, while the Roscommon part is in the parish of Killukin.
The village is on a narrow hill between the Coldron and Taston brooks overlooking the River Evenlode and the ancient Wychwood Forest to the south.
In about 1200 transepts were added, but during the 13th century the Early English Gothic nave was built on the site of the Norman chancel.
In 2001 the Church of England Benefice of Ascott-under-Wychwood, Chadlington and Spelsbury merged with that of Enstone and Heythrop to form the Chase Benefice.
Coldron Mill, south-west of the village, is on a site where a mill has existed for at least a thousand years.
In the village a drinking fountain in the shape of a shell commemorates Henry Dillon, 13th Viscount Dillon, who died in 1853.
Completed in 1972, it is the tallest building in Minneapolis, and the tallest building in the state at a height of .
The complex consists of five parts: the 57-story IDS Tower itself at 8th Street & Nicollet Mall, an 8-story annex building along Marquette Avenue, the 19-story Marquette Hotel at 7th Street & Marquette Avenue, and a 2-story retail building that was originally dominated by Woolworth's.
The 57-story IDS became the tallest skyscraper in Minneapolis when it surpassed the height of the 32-story Foshay Tower in 1972, ending that building's 43-year reign over the city skyline.
Construction of the building was followed with great interest, and the topping-off ceremony was a major civic event in the city.
A lobby and shopping area at the bottom of the tower is known as the Crystal Court, and provides skyway connections between the tower and four adjacent blocks.
The Concourse level is occupied by Globe College and University; originally this floor was an extension of the Crystal Court retail space and included a single-screen movie theater and shops.
Across South 7th Street from the IDS was Donaldson's Department Store in front of which she tossed her hat in the air at the end of the opening sequence.
Since soon after its construction, the Crystal Court had issues with water leaking through the roof after rain or snow due to effects of Minnesota's extreme freeze-thaw cycle.
There are also frequent problems in the winter when ice falls from the tower and onto the court's glass roof panels, often breaking through.
The Center and Crystal Court were devastated by a summer wind storm in June 1979 that led to much glass breakage.
The owners of the Capella Tower (formerly First Bank Place) and the architects behind the design stated that it rose tall upon its completion in 1992.
However, the height had been increased due to an engineering need, according to Tom O'Mara, one of the construction managers at the time of Capella Tower construction.
In the years following completion, the actual height eventually became known as it was published in almanacs and other listings of building height.
The owners of the Capella Tower were hesitant to claim that their building was taller than IDS, and usually deferred the honor to the more well-known structure.
As area journalists reported on the sale of the IDS Center to the John Buck Company in 2004 and the death of designer Philip Johnson in 2005, they came face-to-face with the fact that the roof of the tower was one foot lower than its neighbor.
Emporis.com restored the IDS Center to first-place status in the city in February 2005 by including the height of the window-washing garage, although that has not completely ended the dispute.
A spokesperson for the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, which sometimes handles height disputes, stated that it would be unlikely for the garage to be included in the official height because many would not consider it to be an integral part of the building's design.
It is also important to note that height measurements are sometimes incorrectly reported due to conversion from U.S. customary units to the metric system and back again.
The IDS was often reported as in height because of this problem, occasionally appearing to be two feet shorter than its competitor.
The building has two mechanical floors between the 8th and 9th floor and two mechanical floors between 51 and the roof level.
This can be elucidated from the outside of the building or by walking down the stairwell from the 9th floor or higher.
Half of the space of the complex (floors 9 to 57 of the Tower) is located above the 8th floor and half (including the retail, hotel, and floors 1 to 8 of the Tower and annex building) is located below the 8th floor.
A number of major FM radio stations which formerly broadcast from the site now use the IDS as a backup in case their primary location in Shoreview, Minnesota were to fail.
Some television broadcasters using the towers include Univision affiliate WUMN-LP and KMBD-LD, which broadcasts HSN programming, while the area's major television stations use them for their STL towers and microwave relays to Shoreview and their studios and live trucks.
There have been three deaths as a result of falls from the IDS Tower, one by accident and two by suicide.
In 2007, Fidel Danilo Sanchez-Flores, a worker removing snow from the IDS Center's Crystal Court roof, slipped and fell three stories through the glass canopied atrium to his death.
In 2001, a 30-year-old man jumped to his death from the 51st floor, crashed through the Crystal Court, and landed by the fountain near Basil's restaurant.
In 1996, a 32-year-old man knocked out a window in the 30th floor of the IDS Center and jumped to his death.
His greatest achievement was in the development of statistical mechanics, which explains and predicts how the properties of atoms (such as mass, charge, and structure) determine the physical properties of matter (such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion).
His grandfather, who had moved to Vienna from Berlin, was a clock manufacturer, and Boltzmann's mother, Katharina Pauernfeind, was originally from Salzburg.
Boltzmann received his PhD degree in 1866 working under the supervision of Stefan; his dissertation was on the kinetic theory of gases.
In 1869 at age 25, thanks to a letter of recommendation written by Stefan, Boltzmann was appointed full Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Graz in the province of Styria.
In 1869 he spent several months in Heidelberg working with Robert Bunsen and Leo Königsberger and in 1871 with Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann von Helmholtz in Berlin.
In 1872, long before women were admitted to Austrian universities, he met Henriette von Aigentler, an aspiring teacher of mathematics and physics in Graz.
He did not get along with some of his colleagues in Vienna, particularly Ernst Mach, who became a professor of philosophy and history of sciences in 1895.
He died by suicide on September 5, 1906, by hanging himself while on vacation with his wife and daughter in Duino, near Trieste (then Austria).
Boltzmann's kinetic theory of gases seemed to presuppose the reality of atoms and molecules, but almost all German philosophers and many scientists like Ernst Mach and the physical chemist Wilhelm Ostwald disbelieved their existence.
During the 1890s, Boltzmann attempted to formulate a compromise position which would allow both atomists and anti-atomists to do physics without arguing over atoms.
Atomists could think the pictures were the real atoms while the anti-atomists could think of the pictures as representing a useful but unreal model, but this did not fully satisfy either group.
Some physicists, including Mach's student, Gustav Jaumann, interpreted Hertz to mean that all electromagnetic behavior is continuous, as if there were no atoms and molecules, and likewise as if all physical behavior were ultimately electromagnetic.
This movement around 1900 deeply depressed Boltzmann since it could mean the end of his kinetic theory and statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics.
After Mach's resignation in Vienna in 1901, Boltzmann returned there and decided to become a philosopher himself to refute philosophical objections to his physics, but he soon became discouraged again.
In 1904 at a physics conference in St. Louis most physicists seemed to reject atoms and he was not even invited to the physics section.
In 1905 Boltzmann corresponded extensively with the Austro-German philosopher Franz Brentano with the hope of gaining a better mastery of philosophy, apparently, so that he could better refute its relevancy in science, but he became discouraged about this approach as well.
Boltzmann's most important scientific contributions were in kinetic theory, including for motivating the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution as a description of molecular speeds in a gas.
They are also applicable to other phenomena that do not require quantum statistics and provide insight into the meaning of temperature.
Most chemists, since the discoveries of John Dalton in 1808, and James Clerk Maxwell in Scotland and Josiah Willard Gibbs in the United States, shared Boltzmann's belief in atoms and molecules, but much of the physics establishment did not share this belief until decades later.
Boltzmann had a long-running dispute with the editor of the preeminent German physics journal of his day, who refused to let Boltzmann refer to atoms and molecules as anything other than convenient theoretical constructs.
Only a couple of years after Boltzmann's death, Perrin's studies of colloidal suspensions (1908–1909), based on Einstein's theoretical studies of 1905, confirmed the values of Avogadro's number and Boltzmann's constant, convincing the world that the tiny particles really exist.
Boltzmann could also be considered one of the forerunners of quantum mechanics due to his suggestion in 1877 that the energy levels of a physical system could be discrete.
This equation describes the temporal and spatial variation of the probability distribution for the position and momentum of a density distribution of a cloud of points in single-particle phase space.
The first term on the left-hand side represents the explicit time variation of the distribution function, while the second term gives the spatial variation, and the third term describes the effect of any force acting on the particles.
It was from the probabilistic assumption alone that Boltzmann's apparent success emanated, so his long dispute with Loschmidt and others over Loschmidt's paradox ultimately ended in his failure.
Cohen and J. R. Dorfman proved that a systematic (power series) extension of the Boltzmann equation to high densities is mathematically impossible.
Consequently, nonequilibrium statistical mechanics for dense gases and liquids focuses on the Green–Kubo relations, the fluctuation theorem, and other approaches instead.
In particular, it was Boltzmann's attempt to reduce it to a stochastic collision function, or law of probability following from the random collisions of mechanical particles.
The second law, he argued, was thus simply the result of the fact that in a world of mechanically colliding particles disordered states are the most probable.
Because there are so many more possible disordered states than ordered ones, a system will almost always be found either in the state of maximum disorder – the macrostate with the greatest number of accessible microstates such as a gas in a box at equilibrium – or moving towards it.
The gradual disordering of energy is analogous to the disordering of an initially ordered pack of cards under repeated shuffling, and just as the cards will finally return to their original order if shuffled a gigantic number of times, so the entire universe must some-day regain, by pure chance, the state from which it first set out.
The tendency for entropy increase seems to cause difficulty to beginners in thermodynamics, but is easy to understand from the standpoint of the theory of probability.
After the dice are shaken, the chance of finding these two sixes face up is small (1 in 36); thus one can say that the random motion (the agitation) of the dice, like the chaotic collisions of molecules because of thermal energy, causes the less probable state to change to one that is more probable.
In 1885 he became a member of the Imperial Austrian Academy of Sciences and in 1887 he became the President of the University of Graz.
He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1888 and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1899.
Marković was President of the National Assembly of Serbia from 2004 to 2007 and the acting President of Serbia within Serbia and Montenegro between 4 March and 11 July 2004.
In addition, he has been the president of the G17 Plus Management Board, the President of the G17 Plus Political Council and member of their Executive Board.
During Marković's tenure as President of the National Assembly, the National Assembly unanimously returned the coat of arms, flag and anthem of Serbia on 17 August 2004 and on 5 June 2006 announced Serbia's sovereignty.
Marković was the Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia candidate for Mayor of Belgrade during the 2018 Belgrade City Assembly election.
Marković is a member of PEN, the Serbian Literary Society and is the former president of the Association of Publishers of Serbia and Montenegro.
It studied the use of statin (simvastatin 40 mg) medication and vitamin supplementation (vitamin E, vitamin C and beta carotene) in patients who are at risk of cardiovascular disease.
Initial results were published in 2002, which indicated that vitamins made little difference in modifying cardiovascular risk, but that simvastatin could significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
Cancer risk was not significantly lower in the treatment group; in fact, there was no difference except for non-melanoma skin cancers, wherein the placebo group had a barely-significant lower risk of diagnosis.
The space-cadet keyboard is a keyboard designed by John L. Kulp and used on Lisp machines at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which inspired several still-current jargon terms in the field of computer science and influenced the design of Emacs.
It was inspired by the Knight keyboard, which was developed for the Knight TV system, used with MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System.
Each group was in a row, thus allowing easy chording, or pressing of several modifier keys; for example, could be pressed with the fingers of one hand, while the other hand pressed another key.
Many keys had three symbols on them, accessible by means of the shift keys: a letter and a symbol on the top, and a Greek letter on the front.
This allowed the user to type very complicated mathematical text, and also to have thousands of single-character commands at their disposal.
This attitude shaped the interface of Emacs; compare the use of the key in vi, due to the convenient position of the key on the ADM-3A terminal.
Other users, however, thought that so many bucky bits were overkill, and objected to this design on the grounds that such a keyboard can require three or four hands to operate.
As a result of Emacs making frequent use of multiple modifiers, which are easy on the space-cadet keyboard, it is substantially harder to use on modern keyboards, whose layout generally follows the Model M IBM PC keyboard, where the modifier keys are not grouped together and thus are harder to press together.
It also included four Roman Numeral keys (, , , and ) which allowed for easy interaction with lists of four or fewer choices.
A reason for the name shloka is that Maharshi Valmiki who wrote the Ramayana once observed a pair of birds singing to each other in a tree.
On seeing the sorrow (shoka) of the widowed bird, he was reminded of the sorrow Sita felt on being separated from Shri Rama and began composing the Ramayana in shlokas.
·        A SlOka has to be composed in a specific meter (chanDas), having a specific number of lines with specific number of words per line, each word could be a manTra.
·        A manTra, on the other hand, is prefixed by omkAra (Primordial sound) and suffixed by the essential nAma (name) and the salutary word nama: (salutation) in between the prefix and the suffix.
Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk () was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuk Empire.
However, when the Seljuk Turks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040, and conquered Khorasan, Abu Ali Hasan's father fled to Ghazni.
He remained in Ghazni for three or four years, when he left the Ghaznavid court and entered service with the Seljuks.
When Tughril died childless in the city of Ray, he was succeeded by his nephew Suleiman which was contested by Alp Arslan, both of them sons of his brother Chaghri.
His cousin Kutalmish who had both been a vital part of his campaigns and later a supporter of Yinal's rebellion also put forth a claim.
After Alp Arslan had consolidated his power in the Sejluk realm, he appointed Abu Ali Hasan as his vizier who would remain in that position throughout the reigns of Alp Arslan (1063–1072) and Malik-Shah I (1072–1092).
Domestic affairs were handled by Nizam al-Mulk, who also founded the administrative organization that characterized and strengthened the sultanate during the reigns of Alp Arslan and his son, Malik Shah I.
This type of military fiefdom enabled the nomadic Turks to draw on the resources of the sedentary Iranians, and other established cultures within the Seljuq realm, and allowed Alp Arslan to field a huge standing army without depending on tribute from conquest to pay his soldiers.
He not only had enough food from his subjects to maintain his military, but the taxes collected from traders and merchants added to his coffers sufficiently to fund his continuous wars.
In February/March 1064 Alp Arslan, along with his son Malik-Shah I and Nizam al-Mulk, campaigned in Byzantine Armenia, where they managed to capture Ani.
Several minor rulers then acknowledged Seljuk authority, while Alp Arslan and Nizam continued to penetrate deeper into the Caucasus, reaching Georgia.
Nizam also made some expeditions on his own and conquered the citadel of Estakhr from the Shabankara chieftain Fadluya in 1067, and made another expedition in Fars.
On August 26 of 1071, the decisive battle of Manzikert was fought, which Nizam al-Mulk had missed because he had been sent to Persia with a convoy of materials.
Due to Turkmen defections to Malik's army, Kavurt was defeated and, despite Malik's consideration for mercy, later poisoned, presumably on the orders of Nizam al-Mulk.
Under Nizam's excellent guidance the Seljuq armies contained the Ghaznavids in Khorasan, rolled back the Fatimids in Syria, defeated other Seljuk pretenders to the throne, invaded Georgia and reduced it to a tributary state, compelled the submission of regional governors, and kept the Abassid Caliphs in a position of impotence.
In 1081/1082, Ibn Bahmanyar, one of the many enemies of Nizam, tried to poison him, but failed and was blinded by Nizam.
This greatly angered Nizam's son Jamal al-Mulk, who tore out the tongue of Ja'farak, one of the perpetrators of the false stories.
In 1091, a group of Qarmatians sacked Basra, while the Isma'ilis under the leadership of Hassan-i Sabbah seized the fortress of Alamut.
Moreover, the succession to the sultanate was complicated by the death of two of Malik-Shah's eldest sons: Dawud (died 1082) and Ahmad (died 1088), whom both were sons of the Kara-Khanid Princess Terken Khatun.
She also had a son named Mahmud (born 1087) whom she wanted to succeed his father, while Nizam and most of the Seljuk army was in favor of Barkiyaruq, the oldest of all Malik-Shah's living sons and born to a Seljuk princess.
Aside from his extraordinary influence as vizier with full authority, he is also well known for systematically founding a number of schools of higher education in several cities like Baghdad, Isfahan, Nishapur, Mosul, Basra, and Herat, the famous Nizamiyyah schools, which were named after him.
Nizam al-Mulk was assassinated en route from Isfahan to Baghdad on 10 Ramadan 485 A.H. (14 October 1092) The mainstream literature says he was stabbed by the dagger of a member of the Assassins, sent by the notorious Hassan-i-Sabbah near Nahavand, as he was being carried on his litter.
In this story a pact is formed between a young Nizam al-Mulk (at that time known as Abdul Khassem) and his two friends, Omar Khayyam and Hassan-i-Sabbah.
Although Hassan, unlike Omar, decided to accept the appointment offered to him, he was forced to flee after plotting to dispose Nizam as vizier.
According to Bernard Lewis, this tale is unlikely to be true because Hasan-i Sabbah died in 1124, and Omar Khayyam in 1123 at the earliest.
Since Nizam al-Mulk was born in 1020 at the latest, the three were not of similar ages and were probably not students together.
Another report says that he was assassinated with Malik Shah I in the same year, after a debate between Sunni and Shi'a scholars which was prepared by him by the orders of Malik Shah I and which resulted in converting him and the king to the Shi'a ideology.
Nizam al-Mulk was an excellent and clever vizier, he represented the majesty, splendor and hospitality of the Barmakids, historians and poets describe him as a great organizer and an ideal soldier and scholar.
The website claimed thousands of users, and the series, while somewhat obscure, was nominated for several awards and influenced some US television.
The program, which aired every weeknight on the CBC, aired music, short films, animation, visual art and spoken word pieces from around the world.
The subject matter, which ranged from comedy to drama, was mature and could include nudity and profanity, and thus episodes began with a humorously worded call for viewer's discretion.
Its website allowed people to view certain works, and also upload their creations onto the website, which might then appear on television.
All three continued to be aired on the CBC and ran for one hour, starting around 11:30 pm on their respective nights.
The series was nominated for Gemini Awards, including for Best Music, Best Variety Program or Series, Best Visual Effects, and Best Cross Platform Project.
That year, 70,000 watched the show, which was aimed at people in their twenties and thirties who were comfortable with technology.
Tulsidas (; 1532–1623), also known as Goswami Tulsidas, was a Hindu Vaishnava saint and poet, renowned for his devotion to the deity Rama.
He founded the Sankatmochan Temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman in Varanasi, believed to stand at the place where he had the sight of the deity.
The impact of Tulsidas and his works on the art, culture and society in India is widespread and is seen to date in vernacular language, Ramlila plays, Hindustani classical music, popular music, and television series.
Priyadas' work was composed around a hundred years after the death of Tulsidas and had eleven additional stanzas, describing seven miracles or spiritual experiences from the life of Tulsidas.
The accounts published later are not considered authentic by some modern scholars, whereas some other scholars have been unwilling to dismiss them.
According to a traditional account, Hanuman went to Valmiki numerous times to hear him sing the Ramayana, but Valmiki turned down the request saying that Hanuman being a monkey was unworthy of hearing the epic.
Tulsidas was born on saptami, the seventh day of shukla paksha, the bright half of the lunar Hindu calendar month Shraavana (July–August).
Although as many as seven places are mentioned as his birthplace, most scholars identify the place with Sookar Kshetra Soron, District Kasganj in Uttar Pradesh, a village on the banks of the river Ganga.
These sources include Shivlal Pathak, popular editions of Ramcharitmanas (Gita Press, Naval Kishore Press and Venkateshvar Press), Edwin Greaves, Hanuman Prasad Poddar, Ramanand Sarasvati, Ayodhyanath Sharma, Ramchandra Shukla, Narayandas, and Rambhadracharya.
A second group of biographers led by Sant Tulsi Sahib of Hathras and Sir George Grierson give the year as Vikram 1589 (1532 CE).
A third small group of authors which includes H. H. Wilson, Garse De Tasse and Krishnadatta Mishra gives the year as Vikram 1600 (1543 CE).
The Government of India and provincial governments celebrated the 500th birth anniversary of Tulsidas in the year 2011 CE, according to the year of Tulsidas' birth in popular culture.
Due to the inauspicious events at the time of his birth, he was abandoned by his parents on the fourth night, sent away with Chuniya (some sources call her Muniya), a female servant of Hulsi.
Chuniya took the child to her village of Haripur and looked after him for five and a half years after which she died.
At the age of five years, Rambola was adopted by Narharidas, a Vaishnava ascetic of Ramananda's monastic order who is believed to be the fourth disciple of Ramananda, or alternately, the disciple of Anantacharya.
Most authors identify the Varaha Kshetra referred to by Tulsidas with the Sookarkshetra is the Soron Varaha Kshetra in modern-day Kasganj, Tulsidas further mentions in the Ramcharitmanas that his guru repeatedly narrated the Ramayana to him, which led him to understand it somewhat.
Tulsidas later came to the sacred city of Varanasi and studied Sanskrit grammar, four Vedas, six Vedangas, Jyotisha and the six schools of Hindu philosophy over a period of 15–16 years from guru Shesha Sanatana who was based at the Pancaganga Ghat in Varanasi.
Ratnavali was the daughter of Dinbandhu Pathak, a Brahmin of the Bharadwaja Gotra, who belonged to Mahewa village of Kaushambi district.
Ratnavali chided Tulsidas for this, and remarked that if Tulsidas was even half as devoted to God as he was to her body of flesh and blood, he would have been redeemed.
After renunciation, Tulsidas spent most of his time at Varanasi, Prayag, Ayodhya, and Chitrakuta but visited many other nearby and far-off places.
He visited the Manasarovar lake in current-day Tibet, where tradition holds he had Darshan (sight) of , the crow who is one of the four narrators in the Ramcharitmanas.
This quenched the thirst of a Preta (a type of ghost believed to be ever thirsty for water), who appeared to Tulsidas and offered him a boon.
The Preta told Tulsidas that Hanuman comes everyday disguised in the mean attire of a leper to listen to his Katha, he is the first to arrive and last to leave.
That evening Tulsidas noted that the first listener to arrive at his discourse was an old leper, who sat at the end of the gathering.
At the beginning of the Ramcharitmanas, Tulsidas bows down to a particular Preta and asks for his grace (Ramcharitmanas, Doha 1.7).
On the next morning, Wednesday, the new-moon day of Magha, Vikram 1607 (1551 CE) or 1620 (1564 CE) as per some sources, Rama again appeared to Tulsidas, this time as a child.
Tulsidas was making sandalwood paste when a child came and asked for a sandalwood Tilaka (a religious mark on the forehead).
This famous incidence is described in the verse चित्रकूट के घाट पर हुई संतन की भीर तुलसीदास चन्दन घिसे तिलक देते रघुबीर.
Tulsidas describes the meeting between Yajnavalkya and Bharadvaja after a Magha Mela festival in the Ramcharitmanas, it is this meeting where Yajnavalkya narrates the Ramcharitmanas to Bharadvaja.
He is also considered to be the composer of the Hanuman Chalisa, a popular devotional hymn dedicated to Hanuman,the monkey god and divine devotee of lord Rama.
In another miracle described by Priyadas, the Mughal Emperor Akbar summoned Tulsidas on hearing of his bringing back a dead man to life.
Tulsidas refused to bow to Akbar and created a verse in praise of Hanuman and chanted it (Hanuman Chalisa) for forty days and suddenly an army of monkeys descended upon the town and wreaked havoc in all corners of Fatehpur Sikri, entering each home and the emperor's harem, scratching people and throwing bricks from ramparts.
Ever since Akbar became a close friend of Tulsidas and he also ordered a firman that followers of lord Rama, lord Hanuman & other Hindus, should not be harassed in his kingdom.
When he began bowing down to the idol of Krishna, the Mahant of the temple named Parshuram decided to test Tulsidas.
He told Tulsidas that he who bows down to any deity except their Ishta Devata (cherished form of divinity) is a fool, as Tulsidas' Ishta Devata was Rama.
When Tulsidas recited this couplet, the idol of Krishna holding the flute and stick in hands changed to the idol of Rama holding the bow and arrow in hands.
On the eighth night, Shiva – whose famous Kashi Vishwanath Temple is located in Varanasi – is believed to have ordered Tulsidas in a dream to compose poetry in the vernacular instead of Sanskrit.
In the year Vikram 1631 (1575 CE), Tulsidas started composing the Ramcharitmanas in Ayodhya on Tuesday, Ramnavami day (ninth day of the bright half of the Chaitra month, which is the birthday of Rama).
He composed the epic over two years, seven months and twenty-six days, and completed the work in Vikram 1633 (1577 CE) on the Vivaha Panchami day (fifth day of the bright half of the Margashirsha month, which commenrates the wedding of Rama and his wife Sita).
A popular legend goes that the Brahmins of Varanasi, who were critical of Tulsidas for having rendered the Sanskrit Ramayana in the Awadhi, decided to test the worth of the work.
A manuscript of the Ramcharitmanas was kept at the bottom of pile of Sanskrit scriptures in the sanctum sanctorum of the Vishvanath temple in the night, and the doors of the sanctum sanctorum were locked.
The thieves tried to break into the Ashram of Tulsidas, but were confronted by two guards with bows and arrows, of dark and fair complexion.
The thieves had a change of heart and came to Tulsidas in the morning to ask who the two guards were.
Believing that the two guards could be none other than Rama and Lakshmana, Tulsidas was aggrieved to know that they were guarding his home at night.
He sent the manuscript of Ramcharitmanas to his friend Todar Mal, the finance minister of Akbar, and donated all his money.
Tulsidas left his body at the Assi Ghat on the bank of the river Ganga in the Shraavan (July–August) month of the year Vikram 1680 (1623 CE).
Different sources give the date as the third day of the bright half, seventh day of the bright half, or the third day of the dark half.
Besides these twelve works, four more works are popularly believed to be composed by Tulsidas which include Hanuman Chalisa, Hanuman Ashtak, Hanuman Bahuk and Tulsi Satsai.
The work consists of around 12,800 lines divided into 1073 stanzas, which are groups of Chaupais separated by Dohas or Sorthas.
It is divided into seven books (Kands) like the Ramayana of Valmiki, and is around one-third of the size of Valmiki's Ramayana.
Grierson wrote in the late nineteenth century, two copies of the epic were said to have existed in the poet's own handwriting.
A legend goes that the manuscript was stolen and thrown into Yamuna river when the thief was being pursued, and only the second book of the epic could be rescued.
Some other ancient manuscripts are found in Varanasi, including one in possession of the Maharaja of Benares that was written in Vikram 1704 (1647), twenty-four years after the death of Tulsidas.
The philosophy and principles of Tulsidas are found across his works, and are especially outlined in the dialogue between Kakbhushundi and Garuda in the Uttar Kand of the Ramcharitmanas.
At the beginning of the Ramcharitmanas, Tulsidas says that his work is in accordance with various scriptures – the Puranas, Vedas, Upavedas, Tantra and Smriti.
As per Tulsidas, the Nirguna Brahman (quality-less impersonal absolute) and Saguna Brahman (personal God with qualities) are one and the same.
Both, Saguna (qualified Brahman) and Aguna (or Nirguna - unqualified Brahman) are Akath (unspeakable), Agaadh (unfathomable), Anaadi (without beginning, in existence since eternity) and Anupa (without parallel) (अगुन सगुन दुइ ब्रह्म सरूपा। अकथ अगाध अनादि अनूपा॥).
It is the devotion (Bhakti) of the devotee that forces the Nirguna Brahman which is quality-less, formless, invisible and unborn, to become Saguna Brahman with qualities.
Tulsidas gives the example of water, snow and hail to explain this – the substance is the same in all three, but the same formless water solidifies to become hail or a mountain of snow – both of which have a form.
Tulsidas also gives the simile of a lake – the Nirguna Brahman is like the lake with just water, while the Saguna Brahman is a lake resplendent with blooming lotuses.
In the Uttar Kand of Ramcharitmanas, Tulsidas describes in detail a debate between Kakbhushundi and Lomasa about whether God is Nirguna (as argued by Lomasa adhering to monism) or Saguna (as argued by Kakbhushundi adhering to dualism).
Kakbhushundi repeatedly refutes all the arguments of Lomasa, to the point when Lomasa becomes angry and curses Kakbhushundi to be a crow.
Lomasa repents later when Kakbhushundi happily accepts the curse but refuses to give up the Bhakti of Rama, the Saguna Brahman.
Though Tulsidas holds both aspects of God to be equal, he favours the qualified Saguna aspect and the devotees of the highest category in the Ramcharitmanas repeatedly ask for the qualified Saguna aspect of Rama to dwell in their mind.
Some authors contend from a few couplets in Ramcharitmanas and Vinay Patrika that Tulsidas has vigorously contradicted the denial of Avatar by Kabir.
In the Balkand of Ramcharitmanas, Shiva tells Parvati – those who say that the Rama whom the Vedas sing of and whom the sages contemplate on is different from the Rama of Raghu's race are possessed by the devil of delusion and do not know the difference between truth and falsehood.
However, such allusions are based on interpretations of the text and do not hold much water when considered in the context of Ramcharitmanas.
As per Tulsidas, repeating the name of Rama is the only means to attain God in the Kali age where the means suited for other ages like meditation, Karma, and Puja are ineffective.
He says in Kavitavali that his own redemption is because of the power, glory and majesty of the name of Rama.
In a couplet in the Gitavali, Tulsidas says that wishing for liberation without refuge in the name of Rama is like wishing to climb to the sky by holding on to the falling rain.
In his view, the name of Rama is greater than both Nirguna and Saguna aspects of God – it controls both of them and is illuminates both like a bilingual interpreter.
In a verse in the Dohavali, Tulsidas says that the Nirguna Brahman resides in his heart, the Saguna Brahman resides in his eyes and the name of Rama resides on his tongue, as if a radiant gemstone is kept between the lower and upper halves of a golden casket.
At several places in Tulsidas' works, Rama is seen to be the higher than Vishnu and not as an avatar of Vishnu, which is the general portrayal of Rama.
In the episode of the delusion of Sati in Ramcharitmanas, Sati sees many a Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu serving Rama and bowing at his feet.
Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva come to them many times tempting them with a boon, but Manu and Shatarupa do not stop their penance.
In the episode of marriage of Sita and Rama in Balkand, the trio of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva is present – Brahma is astounded as he finds nowhere anything that is his own handiwork, while Vishnu is enchanted with Lakhmi on seeing Rama.
In the Sundarkand, Hanuman tells Ravana that Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva can create, preserve and destroy by the might of Rama.
In the Lankakand, Tulsidas presents the universe as the cosmic form of Rama, in which Shiva is the consciousness, Brahma is the reason and Vishnu is his intelligence.
As per Tulsidas, Rama is not only an avatar, but also the source of avatars – Krishna is also an Avatar of Rama.
In the opinion of Urvashi Soorati, the Rama of Tulsidas is an amalgamation of Vishnu who takes avatars, Vishnu in the abode of Ksheera Sagara, Brahman and the Para manifestation of the Pancharatra.
In several verses of the Ramcharitmanas, Tulsidas says that the animate and inanimate world is a manifestation of Rama, and the universe is the cosmic form of Rama.
Authors interpret these verses to mean that the world is real according to Tulsidas, in keeping with the Vishishtadvaita philosophy of Ramanuja.
Uday Bhanu Singh concludes that in Tulsidas' view, the world is essentially the form of Rama and appears to be different from Rama due to Maya.
Tulsidas says as the four states of consciousness with their presiding divinities reside in the mind of a Jiva, so the four brides with their grooms are resplendent in the same pavilion.
Maya is essentially the same but the two divisions are made for cognitive purposes, this view of Tulsidas is in accordance with Vaishnava teachers of Vedanta.
Tulsidas equates the Guru as an incarnation of Shiva, and a considerable part of the Balkand of Ramcharitmanas is devoted to the narrative of Shiva including the abandonment of Sati, the penance of Parvati, the burning of Kamadeva and the marriage of Parvati and Shiva.
At the beginning of the Vinayapatrika, he bows to Ganesh, Surya, Shiva, Devi, Ganga, Yamuna, Varanasi and Chitrakoot, asking them for devotion towards Rama.
The practical end of all his writings is to inculcate bhakti addressed to Rama as the greatest means of salvation and emancipation from the chain of births and deaths, a salvation which is as free and open to men of the lowest caste as to Brahmins.
From his time, Tulsidas has been acclaimed by Indian and Western scholars alike for his poetry and his impact on the Hindu society.
On reading the Ramcharitmanas, he was astonished and composed the following Sanskrit verse in praise of the epic and the composer.
Abdur Rahim Khankhana, famous Muslim poet who was one of the Navaratnas (nine-gems) in the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar, was a personal friend of Tulsidas.
Nirala considered Tulsidas to be a greater poet than Rabindranath Tagore, and in the same league as Kalidasa, Vyasa, Valmiki, Homer, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and William Shakespeare.
Allchin also mentions that the work Ramcharitmanas has been compared to not only the Ramayana of Valmiki, but the Vedas themselves, the Bhagavad Gita, the Kuran and the Bible.
She further went on to say that the Indian society as it exists today is an edifice built by Tulsidas, and the Rama as we know today is the Rama of Tulsidas.
Surdas (IAST: Sūr, Devanagari: सूर) was a 16th-century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer, who was known for his lyrics written in praise of Krishna.
Surdas is usually regarded as having taken his inspiration from the teachings of Vallabha Acharya, whom he is supposed to have met in 1510.
There is disagreement regarding the exact birth date of Surdas, with the general consensus among scholars holding it to be between the years 1478 and 1483.
The Vallabhite story states that Sur was blind from birth and neglected by his family, forcing him to leave his home at the age of six and live on the banks of Yamuna river.
Most of the poems in the composition, although attributed to him, seem to be composed by later poets in his name.
Sursagar in its 16th century form contain descriptions of Krishna and Radha as lovers; the longing of Radha and the gopis for Krishna when he is absent and vice versa.
The Sursagar's modern reputation focuses on descriptions of Krishna as a lovable child, usually drawn from the perspective of one of the cowherding gopis of Braj.
In contempary writings, it is said to contain one lakh verses, out of which many were lost due to obscurity and uncertainty of the times.
The corresponding spiritual movement of the masses first happened in South India in the seventh century and spread to North India in the 14th-17th centuries.
Sur's poetry was written in a dialect of Hindi called Braj Bhasha, until then considered to be a very plebeian language, as the prevalent literary languages were either Persian or Sanskrit.
Sur is considered to be the foremost among them, however, his association with the Vallabhite community may well have been invented by Vallabhites.
There are two disjunct occurrences in the northern part of North America: at Cascade Springs in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Fairmont Hot Springs, British Columbia.
In both instances, the warm microclimate created by hot mineral springs permits the growth of the plant far north of its normal range.
It is similar in Zvonce spa resort (Звоначка Бања, Zvonačka Banja), near Pirot in Serbia, where hot mineral springs provide adequate heat and humidity for the survival of this species.
It is found in temperate climates from warm-temperate to tropical, where the moisture content is high but not saturating, in the moist, well-drained sand, loam or limestone of many habitats, including rainforests, shrub and woodlands, broadleaf and coniferous forests, and desert cliff seeps, and springs.
It often may be seen growing on moist, sheltered and shaded sandstone or limestone formations, generally south-facing in the southern hemisphere, north-facing in the north, or in gorges.
The fern is listed as an endangered species in North Carolina (as southern maidenhair-fern) and threatened species in Kentucky (as venus hair fern), due to loss of Appalachian habitat.
The Mahuna people use the plant internally for rheumatism, and the Navajo people of Kayenta, AZ use an infusion of the plant as a lotion for bumblebee and centipede stings.
It takes place in the present day, in and around a neighborhood police station (kōban) in the downtown part of Tokyo, and revolves around the misadventures of middle-aged cop Kankichi Ryotsu.
The manga has been adapted into an anime television series, produced by Studio Gallop and broadcast in Japan by Fuji TV, three theatrical animated films (by Tatsunoko and Gallop, respectively), two live-action movies, several stage adaptations, and a live-action television series.
While the plots are gag-driven, much of the humor comes from the combination of mundane characters with those that are bizarrely out of place; such as Nakagawa who has wealth and Ai Asato who is a transsexual.
What they have in common is everyone's lack of actual police work, most of which is never explained or rationalized in the slightest.
Nakagawa and Reiko Akimoto have special licenses (such as for wearing personal clothes instead of uniforms to work) from police headquarters because of their skills in linguistics.
The plot consistently evolved with the times and most of the main characters do not really age, despite the fact that the series started in the 1970s and is later clearly set in the 2010s.
Much like Homer Simpson, Ryo-san's antics appeal to children who can laugh at an old buffoon, and to men fearing that they are becoming old buffoons themselves—and also because it often subtly mocks the latest fads and trends.
The stories are generally innocent in content, and what little violence appears is comical, while the occasional risqué subjects are included strictly for laughs rather than to titillate.
However, to this day only small images of footage from the film can be seen on the internet since the film was not released broadly.
Another play adaptation opened in September 2016 for the series' 40th anniversary and, like the others, it was directed, written by and stars Lasar Ishii as Ryo-san, who is also the voice actor for the character in anime adaptations.
As part of its 40th anniversary celebration, the series received a 6-part crossover anthology novel with various characters from other series on September 17, 2016.
In addition, various toys and collectibles have been created, including some items that first appeared in the manga as creations of Ryo-san.
The police station is fictional, but it is modeled after a real one located on the north side of Kameari railway station.
The manga has brought considerable fame to the neighborhood, and it draws sightseers from all over Japan to a (usually vacant) station in a nondescript residential neighborhood.
Cedar Fair, L.P., doing business as the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, is a publicly traded master limited partnership headquartered at its Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio.
The company owns and operates twelve amusement parks, four outdoor water parks, one indoor water park, and five hotels in the US and Canada.
In 1974, Cedar Point Pleasure Company proposed building an amusement park in Cambridge Township, Michigan on the former Frontier City amusement park site.
The first acquisition of the new Cedar Fair company came in 1992 when Cedar Fair bought Dorney Park from Harris Weinstein.
Mall of America formed a partnership with the Nickelodeon franchise in 2007 and continues to operate under the name Nickelodeon Universe.
Several new water park properties named Knott's Soak City opened around the southern California area since the acquisition which included Buena Park in 1999, Chula Vista in 2000 and Palm Springs in 2001.
Cedar Fair bought the park for $145 million from Six Flags Inc. and reverted its name back to Geauga Lake, the name the park used until its Six Flags branding in 2000.
On September 21, 2007, it was announced that Geauga Lake would close and only the connected water park would operate as Geauga Lake's Wildwater Kingdom.
On May 22, 2006, Cedar Fair announced it had outbid competitors and intended to purchase all five parks in the Paramount Parks chain, including at the Las Vegas Hilton and the management agreement of Bonfante Gardens.
On June 30, 2006, Cedar Fair announced that it had completed its acquisition of Paramount Parks from CBS Corporation in a cash transaction valued at US$1.24 billion.
With the purchase of the Paramount Parks, Cedar Fair LP announced that it would do business under the name Cedar Fair Entertainment Company.
The individual parks continued to operate under their Paramount names during the 2006 season, however Cedar Fair began removing the Paramount name and logo from the parks in January 2007.
The names of the parks were changed back to their original pre-Paramount names (the Paramount's prefix was removed) with the Cedar Fair corporate logo added.
Cedar Fair began removing references to Paramount Pictures Although the acquisition granted Cedar Fair a ten-year licensing deal for Paramount names and icons, such as Star Trek, Cedar Fair opted to terminate the agreement and not pay an annual licensing fee.
In December 2009 it was announced that Apollo Global Management would offer Cedar Fair $11.50 per share, a 28 percent premium over the market price, as part of a takeover plan which would also make Cedar Fair a private company.
The deal included a cash payment of $635 million in addition to assuming Cedar Fair's debt of over US$1.7 billion putting the total value of the transaction close to US$2.4 billion.
Cedar Fair planned to hold a shareholder meeting on March 16, 2010 to vote on the transaction but postponed the meeting to April 8, 2010, implying that two-thirds of the shareholder vote needed for approval wasn't yet secured.
On April 6, 2010, the deal was terminated, and Cedar Fair paid $6.5 million to reimburse Apollo for expenses incurred from the proposed transaction.
Cedar Fair also adopted a unitholder rights plan as a preventative measure to help protect unitholders in the event of any future hostile takeover.
On September 16, 2011, JMA Ventures, LLC entered into an agreement to purchase California's Great America from Cedar Fair and take ownership of the Gilroy Gardens management contract.
The agreement required approval of Santa Clara's city council which was scheduled to vote on the matter on December 6, 2011.
On June 20, 2011 Cedar Fair announced that long term CEO Dick Kinzel would retire on January 3, 2012 and that Matt Ouimet would take his spot as the CEO of Cedar Fair.
Ouimet had been employed by The Walt Disney Company for 17 years, including serving as president of Disney Cruise Line and president of the Disneyland Resort.
On September 5, 2016, Cedar Fair closed Wildwater Kingdom, the last operating part of the former Geauga Lake & Wildwater Kingdom.
On October 4, 2017, Cedar Fair announced that Ouimet would step down as CEO and be succeeded by COO Richard Zimmerman on January 1, 2018.
On March 27, 2019 Cedar Fair announced the purchase of the land beneath California's Great America from the City of Santa Clara.
In April 2019, Cedar Fair announced a partnership with Feld Entertainment to bring a Monster Jam Thunder Alley Area to select Cedar Fair parks.
On June 13, 2019, it was announced that Cedar Fair had signed a $261 million deal with Schlitterbahn Waterparks and Resorts to buy their Galveston and New Braunfels locations, with the option to buy Schlitterbahn Kansas City for an additional $6 million, and the rights to the Schlitterbahn name.
For $50, visitors get a wrist band which gives them the ability to get to the front of the line on the park's most popular attractions.
Originally, it could only be used from noon to 7:00 PM, but it was soon expanded to be available all day.
On January 19, 2012, it was announced that Fast Lane would be rolled out at all the Cedar Fair parks for the 2012 season.
Cedar Fair has some of the most visited seasonal parks in North America with a combined 25.9 million people visiting their parks in 2018.
The frigate was built by Enos Briggs, Salem, Massachusetts, at a cost of $139,362 subscribed by the people of Salem and Essex County, to a design by William Hackett.
Dispatched to protect American trade and seamen against depredations by the Barbary pirates, the squadron arrived at Gibraltar on 1 July 1801 and spent the ensuing year convoying American merchantmen and blockading Tripolitan ships in their ports.
She participated in the Battle of Derne on 27 April 1805, and remained in those waters until the conclusion of peace terms in 1806.
Returning to the Washington Navy Yard in July, she was placed in ordinary until February 1809, when she was recommissioned for sporadic use in patrolling American waters and a single cruise to Europe.
The two ships and nine of their prizes put in at the island of Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands on 25 October 1813 for repairs.
While they were there, their crews became involved in a local dispute that resulted in the Nuku Hiva Campaign, which temporarily established the United States' first colony and naval base in the Pacific Ocean.
She was hulked at Cork to serve as a prison ship in Ireland in October 1823, and between 1824 and 1834 served in this capacity at Kingstown.
The German Shorthaired Pointer (GSP) is a medium to large sized breed of dog developed in the 19th century in Germany for hunting.
A versatile hunting breed, being an all-purpose gun breed of dog suitable for both land and water, she is streamlined yet powerful with strong legs that make her able to move rapidly and turn quickly.
When the GSP is in classic point stance, the tail should be held straight out from the body, forming a line with the pointing head and body.
The German Shorthaired Pointer's coat is short and flat with a dense undercoat protected by stiff guard hairs making the coat water resistant and allowing the dog to stay warm in cold weather.
If that isn’t taken care of their hairs can be embedded in fabrics and carpet and it will be difficult to get it out.
Therefore its temperament is that of an intelligent, bold, boisterous, eccentric, and characteristically affectionate dog that is cooperative and easily trained.
The GSP is usually good with children, although care should be taken because the breed can be boisterous especially when young.
These dogs love interaction with humans and are suitable pets for active families who will give them an outlet for their considerable energy; they must be avidly run multiple times a week.
This early socializing will help to ensure that your German Shorthaired Pointer puppy will grow up to be a well-rounded dog.
A strong hunting instinct is correct for the breed, which is not always good for other small pets such as cats or rabbits.
The GSP's distinctly independent character means that any unused energy will likely result in the dog amusing itself, most probably in an undesirable manner.
Failure by the owner to give this active and intelligent dog sufficient exercise and/or proper training can produce a German Shorthaired Pointer that appears hyperactive or that has destructive tendencies.
Although these dogs form very strong attachments with their owners, a bored GSP that receives insufficient exercise may feel compelled to exercise himself.
The natural instinct to hunt may result in the dog hunting alone and sometimes bringing home occasional dead trophies, such as cats, rats, pigeons and other urban animals.
In addition to exercise, especially formal hunting, the GSP needs to be taught to distinguish legitimate prey and off limits animals.
Like the other German pointers (the German Wirehaired Pointer and the less well-known German Longhaired Pointer), the GSP can perform virtually all gun dog roles.
German Shorthaired Pointers are proficient with many different types of game and sport, including trailing, retrieving, and pointing pheasant, quail, grouse, waterfowl, raccoons, possum, and even deer.
When feeding a pup under 6 months they will need to be fed more than twice a day but once they reach adulthood they can be fed twice a day.
Most German Shorthaired Pointers are tough, healthy dogs, but the breed can be subject to a number of hereditary disorders due to their breeding.
Some of these health disorders include, hypothyroidism, hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD), pannus, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), epilepsy, skin disorders and cancerous lesions in the mouth, on the skin and other areas of the body.
Many factors, like genetics, environment, and diet can all contribute to hip dysplasia, which is a deformity of the hip joint.
Not all German shorthaired pointers will develop displasia, but as the disease is determined by multi-genetic factors, only an OFA X-ray and screening by a qualified veterinary practitioner will determine whether the condition is present.
GDV occurs especially if the dog is fed one large meal a day, eats rapidly, drinks large amounts of water after eating, or exercises vigorously after eating.
In GDV, the stomach distends with gas or air and then twists (torsion), so that the dog is unable to rid the excess air in stomach through burping or vomiting.
Also, the normal return of blood to the heart is impeded, causing a drop in blood pressure and the dog will go into shock.
Precautions against GVD include: refraining from feeding immediately before or after exercise, feeding several smaller meals throughout the day instead of a single large meal, and avoiding the consumption of large amounts of water with dry food.
As with any other hunting dog, contact with game can cause the spread of fungi and bacteria that can easily colonise in the gums or cause infections on open wounds and small cuts from scratching against plants and bushes during a regular hunting session.
Like all dogs with flop ears, GSP can be prone to ear infections and their ears require regular checking and cleaning.
In the UK survey about 1 in 8 lived to >15 years with the longest lived dog living to 17 years.
Early training is important for German Shorthair Pointer.The first year of having a GSP, it is best to make sure that they know the basics before teaching them other things.
They have a lot of energy and need to be taken out daily so that they can relieve some of the energy.
When trying to make the dog teach that habit is to hide treats under leaves and see if they can find it.
It may take awhile for a GSP to master because they are young, so make sure to take it slow so the dog understands what to do.
German Shorthaired Pointer are well-mannered, obedient, and sometimes they are wary of children meaning they are cautious but they can be around them.
They can survive outside in mild weather but, they perform their best when kept inside the house with access to the outdoors.
When meeting other people they are careful and observant, but once they spend more time with them they slowly start to warm up to them.
With their high intelligence and athleticism the German Shorthaired Pointer performs well in many AKC sports such as, Agility, Dock Diving, Obedience along with Service Dog work.
According to the American Kennel Club, it is likely that the GSP is descended from a breed known as the German Bird Dog, which itself is related to the Old Spanish Pointer introduced to Germany in the 17th century.
It is also likely that various German hound and tracking dogs, as well as the English Pointer and the Arkwright Pointer also contributed to the development of the breed.
However, as the first studbook was not created until 1870, it is impossible to identify all of the dogs that went into creating this breed.
Robert B. Parker's most popular mystery series features a Boston detective known only as Spenser who has had a series of three solid-liver German Shorthairs, all named Pearl: one who stood with him during a bear charge in his rural youth; one given to his girlfriend by her ex-husband; and the third Pearl, to keep company with Spenser and his girlfriend in their late middle age.
The logo of the Westminster Kennel Club is a Pointer, not a German Shorthaired Pointer, though it is frequently mistaken for the latter.
A tawaif was a highly sophisticated courtesan who catered to the nobility of the Indian subcontinent, particularly during the Mughal era.
The tawaifs excelled in and contributed to music, dance (mujra), theatre, and the Urdu literary tradition, and were considered an authority on etiquette.
Tawaifs were largely a North Indian institution central to Mughal court culture from the 16th century onwards and became even more prominent with the weakening of Mughal rule in the mid-18th century.
The patronage of the Mughal court before and after the Mughal Dynasty in the Doab region and the artistic atmosphere of 16th century Lucknow made arts-related careers a viable prospect.
Many girls were taken at a young age and trained in both performing arts (such as Kathak and Hindustani classical music) as well as literature (ghazal, thumri) to high standards.
Like the geisha tradition in Japan, their main purpose was to professionally entertain their guests, and while sex was often incidental, it was not assured contractually.
They used to be the only source of popular music and dance and were often invited to perform on weddings and other occasions.
Other films depict a tawaif in a supporting role, often in situations where a man in a loveless marriage goes to her.
A random encounter is a feature commonly used in various role-playing games whereby combat encounters with non-player character (NPC) enemies or other dangers occur sporadically and at random, usually without the enemy being physically detected beforehand.
The tables are usually based on terrain (and/or time/weather), and have a chance for differing encounters with different numbers or types of creatures.
Wandering monsters are often used to wear down player characters and force them to use up consumable resources, such as hit points, magic spells and healing potions, as a way of punishing them for spending too much time in a dangerous area.
Most often, the player encounters enemies to battle, but occasionally friendly or neutral characters can appear, with whom the player might interact differently than with enemies.
Random encounters are random in the respect that players cannot anticipate the exact moment of encounter or what will be encountered, as the occurrence of the event is based on factors such as programmed probabilities; Pseudo-random number generators create the sequence of numbers used to determine if an encounter will happen.
The form and frequency can vary depending on a number of factors, such as where the player is located in the game world and the statistics of the player character.
In some games, items can be found to increase or decrease the frequency of random encounters, even to eliminate them outright, or increase the odds of having a particular encounter.
A game with this type of system can sometimes be taken advantage of by initiating some action that will reset the counter (pausing, opening a menu, saving), especially when using an emulator.
This is a popular trick in speedruns to skip time-consuming or dangerous battles or it can be used to ensure that each battle results in a rare or valuable encounter.
Random encounters have become less popular in video games with the passage of time, as gamers often complain that they are annoying, repetitive or discouraging to exploration.
In Eswatini, the river is called the Great Usutu or Lusutfu and flows through the towns of Bhunya, Luyengo, Siphofaneni, and Big Bend.
The Great Usutu is the largest river in Eswatini, it is the site of Eswatini's lowest point (21 m above sea level), and is known for whitewater rafting.
From the origin to its mouth, in order, tributaries are the: Seganagana, Bonnie Brook, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Funuane, and the Pongola Rivers.
The Preparedness Movement was a campaign led by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the military of the United States after the outbreak of World War I.
The movement was at first opposed by President Woodrow Wilson, who believed the United States should be in a position of neutrality in order to broker a compromise peace in Europe.
Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916 in June 1916 to authorize an increase in the size of the US Army from 100,000 men in 1916 to 200,000 on active duty and 400,000 in the US National Guard, by 1921.
It argued that the United States needed to immediately build up strong naval and land forces for defensive purposes; an unspoken assumption was that the US would fight sooner or later.
General Leonard Wood (still on active duty after serving a term as Chief of Staff of the Army), ex-president Theodore Roosevelt, and former secretaries of war Elihu Root and Henry Stimson were the driving forces behind the preparedness movement, along with many of the nation's most prominent bankers, industrialists, lawyers and scions of prominent families.
For Cravath, in his mid-fifties when the war began, the conflict served as an epiphany, sparking an interest in international affairs that dominated his remaining career.
Fiercely Anglophile, he strongly supported US intervention in the war and hoped that close Anglo-American cooperation would be the guiding principle of post-war international organization.
Emphasizing the weak state of national defenses, the movement showed that America's 100,000-man army, even augmented by the 112,000 National Guardsmen, was outnumbered 20 to one by the German Army, which was drawn from a smaller population.
Preparedness backers proposed a national service program under which the 600,000 men who turned 18 every year would be required to spend six months in military training, and afterwards be assigned to reserve units.
This proposal ultimately failed, but it fostered the Plattsburg Movement, a series of summer training camps that in 1915 and 1916 hosted some 40,000 men largely of elite social classes, and the later Citizens' Military Training Camps that trained some 400,000 men from 1921 to 1940.
Antimilitarists and pacifists — strong in Protestant churches and women's groups — protested the plan would make the US resemble Germany (which required two years' active duty).
The hostility to military service was so strong at the time it is difficult to imagine such a program winning approval; indeed, even in World War II, when Stimson as Secretary of War proposed a similar program of universal peacetime service, he was defeated.
Underscoring its commitment, the preparedness movement set up and funded its own summer training camps (at Plattsburg, New York, and other sites) where 40,000 college alumni became physically fit, learned to march and shoot, and ultimately provided the cadre of a wartime officer corps.
The preparedness movement was distant not only from the working classes but also from the middle class leadership of most of small town America.
It had had little use for the National Guard, which it saw as politicized, localistic, poorly armed, ill trained, too inclined to idealistic crusading (as against Spain in 1898), and too lacking in understanding of world affairs.
The National Guard on the other hand was securely rooted in state and local politics, with representation from a very broad cross section of American society.
The National Guard was one of the nation's few institutions that (at least in some northern states) accepted African-Americans on an equal footing with whites.
More subtly, the Democrats were rooted in localism that appreciated the National Guard, and the voters were hostile to the rich and powerful in the first place.
Army and Navy leaders were forced to testify before Congress to the effect that the nation's military was in excellent shape.
Wilson had to resist the demands for preparedness because there was a powerful anti-preparedness element of the party, led by William Jennings Bryan, women, Protestant churches, the AFL labor unions, and Southern Democrats such as Claude Kitchin, chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee.
In November, he asked for far less than the experts said was needed, seeking an army of 400,000 volunteers at a time when European armies were 10 times as large.
Wilson believed that a massive military mobilization could only take place after a declaration of war, even though that meant a long delay in sending troops to Europe.
Congress passed the Naval Act of 1916, which encapsulated the planning by the Navy's professional officers to build a fleet of top-rank status, but it would take several years to become operational.
Wilson, less fearful of the navy, embraced a long-term building program designed to make the fleet the equal of the Royal Navy by the mid-1920s.
The facts of submarine warfare (which necessitated destroyers, not battleships) and the possibilities of imminent war with Germany (or with Britain, for that matter), were simply ignored.
Secretary of War Lindley Garrison adopted many of the proposals of the preparedness leaders, especially their emphasis on a large federal reserves and abandonment of the National Guard.
Garrison's proposals not only outraged the localistic politicians of both parties, they also offended a strongly held belief shared by the liberal wing of the progressive movement.
Specifically, they warned the chief warmongers were New York bankers (like J. P. Morgan) with millions at risk, profiteering munition makers (like Bethlehem Steel, which made armor, and DuPont, which made powder) and unspecified industrialists searching for global markets to control.
In peacetime, War Department arsenals and navy yards manufactured nearly all munitions that lacked civilian uses, including warships, artillery, naval guns, and shells.
Many ministers, professors, farm spokesmen and labor union leaders joined in, with powerful support from a band of four dozen southern Democrats in Congress who took control of the House Military Affairs Committee.
Wilson, in deep trouble, took his cause to the people in a major speaking tour in early 1916, a warm-up for his reelection campaign that fall.
Wilson seems to have won over the middle classes, but had little impact on the largely ethnic working classes and the deeply isolationist farmers.
Congress still refused to budge, so Wilson replaced Garrison as Secretary of War with Newton Baker, the Democratic mayor of Cleveland and an outspoken opponent of preparedness.
The army was to double in size to 11,300 officers and 208,000 men, with no reserves, and a National Guard that would be enlarged in five years to 440,000 men.
Summer camps on the Plattsburg model were authorized for new officers, and the government was given $20 million to build a nitrate plant of its own.
Arguing this battle proved the validity of Mahanian doctrine, the navalists took control in the Senate, broke the House coalition, and authorized a rapid three-year buildup of all classes of warships.
The notion that armaments led to war was turned on its head: refusal to arm in 1916 led Berlin to make war on the U.S. in 1917.
It knew this meant war with America, but it could discount the immediate risk because the US Army was negligible and the new warships would not be at sea until 1919 by which time the war would be over, with Germany victorious.
John Guy (25 December 1568 – 25 March 1629) was an English merchant adventurer, colonist and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1624.
He was born on 25 December 1568, and baptized a week later on 1 January 1569 at St. Mary le Port church, in what is now Bristol.
He spent his youth growing up amongst his siblings, and was well educated for his times, he managed to in later life write poetry in Latin.
He was apprenticed to a Yeoman farmer, and on his parents deaths, he inherited the family shoemaking business, he had various farming interests, and served as a factor representing the interests of the Bristol merchant community overseas for a period in Spain, where he mastered the art of navigation.
During the emergency of 1605 when the country was threatened with invasion from overseas, he was appointed one of Rear-Admirals in the Royal Navy, as Bristol was at the time of the two main naval ports in the country.
In 1607 he was also appointed Surveyor of Bristol, a post which gave him the responsibility for obtaining provisions for the naval vessels that visited the port of Bristol.
In 1608 Guy and other members of the Society of Merchant Venturers, decided to act upon a letter received by the mayor from Chief Justice Sir John Popham concerning the colonisation of Newfoundland.
Since John Cabot had discovered the island and Sir Humphrey Gilbert had formally taken possession of it for Elizabeth I of England, the merchants of the city had a special interest in Newfoundland, but there had been little attempt to exploit and colonise the island.
The merchants decided not to embark on the scheme without the co-operation of King James VI of Scotland and I of England, which was forthcoming.
Guy visited the island in 1608 to scout possible locations for a settlement, selecting Cuper's Cove (present day Cupids, Newfoundland and Labrador) as the site of the colony.
The merchants of Bristol and London took up the idea with enthusiasm and a list of contributions was made out with Guy and others subscribing twenty marks a year for five years.
Amongst the 50 shareholders were John Guy and his younger brother Philip Guy, in effect, Guy had the largest shareholding invested in the venture.
Guy was appointed governor in 1610 by the London and Bristol Company and arrived at Cupers Cove in August of that year with colonists, grain and livestock, after a quick passage of 21 days.
Guy returned to England in 1611 leaving William Colston - one of his brothers-in-law, and distantly related to the family of the philanthropist Edward Colston, and his brother Philip to manage the colony, as the first two Lieutenant-Governors of the Colony.
Back in England, he was elected to the Bristol Society of Merchant Venturers, and he was then elected as the treasurer of the merchant venturers from 1611 to 1612 and then returned the next year with more livestock and female settlers.
In 1612 the actions of the English pirate - Peter Easton convinced Guy to abandon a second colony established at Renews in the spring of that year and strengthen the fortifications at Cupers Cove.
At one point Guy and three other colonists in a canoe were attacked by the pirates, and captured, the colonist with the musket was injured.
The pirates were discussing how was the best way to execute John Guy and his men, when they escaped with the help of a former colonist who had decided to throw in his lot with the pirates, but who remembered the help John Guy had given him in the past, and wasn't prepared to stand aside whilst his former friend was possibly murdered.
The colonists built a boat called the Endeavour, using which Guy led a voyage into Trinity Bay in the Autumn of 1612, in an attempt to contact and establish a fur trade with the Beothuk tribe of red Indians, the native inhabitants of the island.
On 6 November Guy's party met, shared a meal and exchanged gifts with a group of Beothuk somewhere in Bull Arm, Trinity Bay.
In that same year, a cousin of the first Governor, Nicholas Guy, became the father of the first son born in Newfoundland, from whom most of the current Guys now living in Canada are descended.
John Guy returned to Newfoundland in 1614-15, when he had the indignity of being sent home in irons by the second Governor of the Colony, John Mason, who didn't really want the previous Governor being around, as he felt threatened by Guy's knowledge and respect amongst the colonists.
In 1618, Guy became Mayor of Bristol, and in 1619 he was appointed an Alderman of Bristol, a post he held until his death in 1629, and he was also a member of the Bristol Merchant Venturer's Society Court of Assistants in 1620 and 1621.
John Guy in his capacity as an admiral in the Royal Navy fought against Turkish pirates operating in the English Channel during 1620, for which the grateful merchants of Bristol, provided him with a sum of money as a vote of thanks for his efforts.
He was elected as one of the 2 Members of Parliament for Bristol in 1620, and remained its MP until 1621.
In a debate on 27 February on the scarcity of money he spoke of the abundance of English coin in foreign parts, and recommended that the exportation of money should be forbidden.
In February 1622, Guy wrote about his 'conference with the lord treasurer and others concerning the new imposition of wines and composition of grocery.
He was the Master of the Bristol Merchant Venturer's Society for 1622-23, during which time his eldest son-in-law was admitted to the position of Junior Warden in the Bristol Merchant Venturer's Society.
In 1624, he was re-elected MP for Bristol, and remained the MP for Bristol until he decided to retire from Parliament on the death of James I.
Guy was actively involved in the House of Commons - sitting on Committees and introducing a private Members Bill to reduce interest rates by 2% from 10% to 8%.
He was an elected as a Member of the Court of Assistants again from 1624 to 1628 for the Bristol Merchant Venturer's Society.
The register books of the church contain no such entry between 1628 and 1636, but the proof of his burial comes from the will of his eldest surviving son who died in 1640, from the plague which he caught whilst studying at the Middle Temple, in which he expresses his desire to be buried alongside his late father.
There is no monument to John Guy anywhere in Bristol, but his name is recorded in the list of Mayors of Bristol in the Bristol City Council House for the year 1618.
John Guy's widow Ann survived him until 1660, by which time she had outlived all but 2 of their 10 children (five sons and five daughters) -- their eldest daughter and youngest son still remaining alive.
It has since expanded into a media franchise, including several anime films, a live-action film, OVAs, video games, and a series of spin-offs centering on other characters from the original story.
A worldwide nuclear war sometime in the 1990s has resulted in the destruction of most of civilization, turning the world into a desert wasteland.
The remnants of mankind fight over whatever supply of food and uncontaminated water still remaining as the strong prey on the weak.
Kenshiro wishes to live his life in peace, but after he is separated from his fiancée Yuria by a jealous rival, he begins his journey to become the savior of the post-apocalyptic world, defending the weak and innocent from the many gangs and organizations that threaten their survival.
Along the way, Kenshiro meets a young thief named Bat and an orphaned girl named Lin, who join him as his traveling companions and bear witnesses to Ken's many battles.
After a long series of battles, Kenshiro emerges victorious over Raoh and it seems peace has finally come to the post-apocalyptic world.
However, several years pass and a tyrannical empire under the name of the Celestial Empress has risen to power, oppressing anyone who dares to oppose them.
As they fight their way into the Empire's capital city, they discover that the Empire has been taken over by the Viceroy Jakoh, an usurper who is keeping the real Celestial Empress captive in his dungeon.
The storyline was revamped, with the 1980s present-day setting in the original version replaced by a post-apocalyptic future world, and the protagonist Kenshiro, originally a teenager framed for a crime he did not commit in Hara's prototype story, became an older and more stoic hero with a tragic past.
The storyline covers the gap between the defeat of Raoh and Kenshiro's later reunion with the grown Bat and Rin, centering around Raoh's former steed Kokuoh and how he lost his left eye during the time span.
During the same year, Viz resumed publication of the series as a monthly comic until 1997, lasting eighteen issues (adapting chapters 17–44), divided into three parts.
The full series was never released on VHS in Japan, although three-hour-long compilation movies were produced by Toei Video covering the first, second and fourth story arcs in that order.
On July 24, 2002, Universal Music released a Region 2 DVD box set containing all 152 episodes spread across 26 discs.
On March 28, 2008, Avex released a 25th-anniversary edition box set featuring new video transfers of all 152 episodes remastered in high definition, once again spread across 26 discs.
The first 36 episodes of the first series were translated and dubbed by Manga Entertainment in 1999, although only 24 episodes were released on VHS (spread across eight tapes).
All 36 episodes of the dub version were aired on Showtime Beyond in the United States and on Sci-Fi Channel in the United Kingdom, and were later released on DVD in 2003 (spread across six individual volumes).
In 2008, the US subsidiary of Toei Animation produced an official subtitle-only translation of all 152 episodes, which were released on various paid download and streaming websites available only for North American customers.
The episodes use the same transfers from the 2008 DVD box set in Japan, although it did not contain any of the special features.
The first set featured the first 36 episodes along with Manga Entertainment's English dub, and a Japanese audio option with English subtitles; these subtitles were adjusted from the translation of Toei's streaming episodes.
The movies cover major story arcs from the TV series, each one centering on a specific character (Shin, Rei, Toki, Souzer, Raoh, and Kaioh).
These compilation movies had not been officially released in North America and Europe yet but were distributed to video streaming websites in Japan in 2012.
Produced by the same staff and cast who worked on the TV series, the movie adapts the storyline of the manga from the beginning and up to Kenshiro's first fight with Raoh, taking several liberties with the order of events and how the story unfolds.
An English-dubbed version produced by Streamline Pictures was first released in 1991 in North America and in 1994 in Europe and Australia by Manga Entertainment.
The series is composed of three theatrical films and two OVAs, which were released during a three-year period between 2006 throughout 2008, culminating with the 25th anniversary of the franchise.
The earlier games in the franchise were released by Sega for the Mark III and Mega Drive and by Toei Animation for Nintendo's Famicom, Game Boy and Super Famicom.
Low key light accentuates the contours of the subject by throwing areas into shade while a fill light or reflector may illuminate the shadow areas to control contrast.
It tends to heighten the sense of alienation felt by the viewer, hence is commonly used in film noir and horror genres.
The German Wirehaired Pointer is a medium to large-sized griffon type breed of dog developed in the 19th century in Germany for hunting.
It is the result of the careful mixing and crossing of the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, German Shorthaired Pointer, German Roughhaired Pointer, and the hunting Pudelpointer in the late 19th century.
Balanced in size and sturdily built, the breed's most distinguishing characteristics are its weather resistant, wire-like coat and its facial furnishings.
The undercoat is dense enough in winter to insulate against the cold but is so thin in summer as to be almost invisible.
The outer coat is long enough to protect against the punishment of rough cover, but not so long as to hide the outline of the dog.
The coat of the puppy should be shorter than 1 inch the adult coat should be kept at 1 inch long.
They are friendly with those they know, but are sometimes aloof with strangers and should be socialized at an early age.
German Wirehaired pointers are happiest and most well behaved when they are part of the family and can spend time with their people.
The German Wirehaired pointer is a good all-around gun dog, able to hunt any sort of game on any sort of terrain.
The Colors are: Liver (brown) and white or black and white ticked usually with some solid patches, and solid liver (brown) with or without a white chest patch.
They originated in Germany, where breeders wanted to develop a rugged, versatile hunting dog that would work closely with either one person or a small party of persons hunting on foot in varied terrain; from the mountainous regions of the Alps, to dense forests, to more open areas with farms and small towns.
The breed the Germans desired had to have a coat that would protect the dogs when working in heavy cover or in cold water, yet be easy to maintain.
Sources differ on the exact lineage, though the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, Pudelpointer, Stichelhaar, and Deutscher-Kurzhaar are commonly accepted as the most likely contributors.
In addition to searching and pointing, these tests include the tracking and recovery of all game including wounded game such as fox, rabbit, deer and boar, which may not be required of a dog that hunts birds predominantly.
When purchasing a working GWP, attention needs to be paid to identifying breeders that place emphasis on all aspects of the versatile hunting dog.
The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would have given the District of Columbia full representation in the United States Congress, full representation in the Electoral College system, and full participation in the process by which the Constitution is amended.
It would have also repealed the Twenty-third Amendment, which granted the District of Columbia the same number of electoral votes as that of the least populous state, but gave it no role in contingent elections.
The amendment was proposed by the U.S. Congress on August 22, 1978, and the legislatures of the 50 states were given seven years to consider it.
Ratification by 38 states was necessary for the amendment to become part of the Constitution; only 16 states had ratified it when the seven-year time limit expired on August 22, 1985.
The Congress, via Section 4, included in the text of the proposed amendment the requirement that ratification by three-fourths (38) of the states be completed within seven years following its passage by the Congress (i.e., August 22, 1985) in order for the proposed amendment to become part of the Constitution.
By placing the ratification deadline in the text of the proposed amendment the deadline could not be extended, as had been done regarding the Equal Rights Amendment.
Ratification by the legislatures of at least 38 of the 50 states by August 22, 1985, was necessary for the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment to become part of the Constitution.
Had it been adopted, this proposed amendment would have given the District of Columbia full representation in both houses of the Congress.
The list of regions of Canada is a summary of geographical areas on a hierarchy that ranges from national (groups of provinces and territories) at the top to local regions and sub-regions of provinces at the bottom.
Administrative regions that rank below a province and above a municipality are also included if they have a comprehensive range of functions compared to the limited functions of specialized government agencies.
Some provinces and groups of provinces are also quasi-administrative regions at the federal level for purposes such as representation in the Senate of Canada.
However regional municipalities (or regional districts in British Columbia) are included with local municipalities in the article List of municipalities in Canada.
Although most of these regions have no official status or defined boundaries, the Provinces and territories are sometimes informally grouped into regions (listed here from west to east by province, followed by the three territories).
Seats in the Senate are equally divided among four regions: the West, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes, with special status for Newfoundland and Labrador as well as for the three territories of Northern Canada ('the North').
The other regions are usually represented by three judges from Ontario, two from Western Canada (typically but not formally one from British Columbia and one from the Prairie Provinces) and one from Atlantic Canada.
An inter-provincial region includes more than one province or territory but doesn't usually include the entirety of each province or territory in the group.
However, the geographic or cultural features that characterize this type of region can sometimes lead to the relevant provinces or territories being seen as regional groups like British Columbia-Yukon and Alberta-Northwest Territories.
However, they tend to be defined as geographic groupings of counties, regional municipalities, and territorial districts, so that the regions are defined by a system or collection of borders that have local administrative importance.
British Columbia has a much greater number of local regions and sub-regions than the other provinces and territories due to its mountainous terrain where almost every populated lake, sound, and river valley, and every populated cape and cluster of small islands can claim a distinct geographical identity.
At the other extreme, Prince Edward Island is not divided into any widely recognized geographic regions or sub-regions because of its very small size and lack of large rivers or rugged terrain.
Their borders mostly do not harmonize with the geographic regions, so they are not considered subdivisions or groupings of the latter.
Starting out as the F4D-2N, an all-weather version of the Skyray, the design was soon modified to take full advantage of the extra thrust of the Pratt & Whitney J57 eventually fitted to the Skyray instead of the Westinghouse J40 originally planned.
Soon the design became too different from the Skyray to be considered just a variation of it, and the aircraft was assigned a new designation as the F5D Skylancer.
Almost every part of the airframe was modified, though the basic form remained the same as did the wing shape, though it became much thinner.
The fuselage was 8 ft (2.4 m) longer and area ruled to reduce transonic drag, being thinner in the region of the wing roots.
Although the four 20 mm (.79 in) cannon in the wing roots were retained, primary armament was to be missiles or rockets; four AIM-9 Sidewinders or two AIM-7 Sparrows, and/or a battery of spin-stabilized unguided 2 in (51 mm) rockets.
Production aircraft were to be powered by the more powerful J57-P-14 engine, while there was a rejected proposal to use the even more powerful General Electric J79 and variable-geometry inlets in Mach 2 version.
The stated reason was that the aircraft was too similar to the already-ordered Vought F8U Crusader, but it is believed by some historians that politics played as big a part; Douglas was already building a very large proportion of the Navy's planes, and giving them the F5D contract would have made it even closer to monopoly.
The project test pilot was Lt. Cmdr Alan B. Shepard Jr. whose report stated that it was not needed by the Navy.
Transferred to NASA in the early 1960s, one was used as a testbed for the American supersonic transport program, fitted with an ogival wing platform (the type eventually used on Concorde; data from the program was shared with the European designers).
NASA 802 was used for simulation of abort procedures for the X-20 Dyna-Soar, because it had a very similar shape and handling characteristics.
Following the DynaSoar cancellation, it was used as a chase plane and for various other programs until it was retired in 1970.
Published in William Vaughan's Cambrensium Caroleia in 1625, the map included previously established placenames as well as new ones such as Bristol's Hope and Butter Pots, near Renews.
In 1620 King James I's Privy Council issued Mason a commission and provided him with a ship to suppress piracy in Newfoundland.
Mason ceased to be Cuper's Cove governor in 1621 and apparently he was not replaced, although the settlement continued to be occupied throughout the seventeenth century.
In 1622, Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges received a land patent from the Plymouth Council for New England for all the territory lying between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers.
It included most of the southeastern part of the current state of New Hampshire, as well as portions of present-day Massachusetts north of the Merrimack.
In the Dark Kingdom, an organisation of great evil, Queen Beryl, her generals, the Four Kings of Heaven, and an amorphous evil power named Queen Metaria reside.
Standing in their way are the Sailor Guardians, five middle-school-aged girls - perky Usagi Tsukino, genius Ami Mizuno, paranormally gifted shrine maiden Rei Hino, tomboyish Makoto Kino, and J-pop idol Minako Aino - are sworn to protect the Princess of the Moon and defeat the Dark Kingdom.
The Guardians also encounter Tuxedo Mask, a jewel thief in search of an immensely powerful, mystical Silver Crystal belonging to the Princess of the Moon.
While searching together for the Princess of the Moon and the Silver Crystal, the initially disparate girls develop a strong bond of friendship.
Later in the series, Metaria and Sailor Moon each get too powerful to be reined in, and the conflict shifts to one in which the Sailor Guardians attempt to postpone the inevitable destruction of the planet Earth.
While the first few episodes of the television series are based directly on the manga and anime storylines, by the time Sailor Jupiter was broadcast, the television show began to spin off in its own direction.
One of the most profound changes in the television version was made to the character of Minako Aino, who, rather than being an ordinary girl among the other Sailor Guardians, was portrayed as a famous pop idol.
Also, for the television series, Minako was given a debilitating head condition that causes her to have headaches, blurry vision, and fainting spells, which plague her through most of the series.
This introduces a major change to the Sailor Guardian makeup as well, although Minako does later return for the final act.
In addition to plot changes, some updating was made to minor elements of the series, bringing them more in line with modern culture.
A sequel to the series, set four years after the defeat of Dark Kingdom, portrays the wedding of Mamoru Chiba and Usagi Tsukino.
Before their nuptials they do battle with Mio Kuroki, who has been resurrected and claims to be the new queen of Dark Kingdom.
Meanwhile, the Sailor Guardians, excluding Sailor Mars who is hospitalized with injuries from battling Mio while in her civilian state, use the Moon Sword provided by Queen Serenity to restore their power, enabling them to transform and defeat Mio.
Minako Aino meets Artemis and at Christmas becomes Sailor V. She must use her newfound powers to foil a stage magician/jewel thief called Q.T.
Meanwhile, Usagi and her friends decide to dress in their own homemade sailor fuku (Usagi as Sailor Rabbit, Naru as Sailor N, and their other friends, Kanami and Momoko as sailors K and M) in order to scare the thieves away from the jewellery store owned by Naru Osaka's mother, only for Usagi to get kidnapped by Kenko.
This Special Event was held for the 1,000 winners of the Sailormoon Campaign (a contest held earlier in the year, in which viewers had to send in UPC symbols to enter).
Statehood for the District, which is also known as District of Columbia, might be achieved by an act of Congress, under the power granted to Congress by the United States Constitution to admit new states to the Union (Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1).
However, there is some debate as to whether simple legislation would be sufficient to grant statehood to District of Columbia, which is the seat of the United States federal government.
If the District of Columbia were to become a state – based on 2018 figures – it would rank 49th by population, 51st by area, 1st by GDP per capita, 1st by median household income, and 34th by total GDP.
In 1783, a crowd of disbanded Revolutionary War soldiers angry about not having been paid gathered to protest outside the building where the Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Despite requests from the Congress, the Pennsylvania state government declined to call out its militia to deal with the unruly mob, and so Congress was forced to abruptly adjourn to New Jersey.
Madison did not elaborate as to how this would be but even with a then unidentified parcel suggested that the principles of self-government would not be absent in the capital of the Republic.
In 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act placing the District on the Potomac River between the Anacostia and Connogochegue with the exact location chosen by President Washington.
His selection was announced on January 24, 1791, and the Residence Act was amended to include land that Virginia had ceded in 1790.
During that time the District was governed by a combination of a federally appointed Board of Commissioners, the state legislatures and locally elected governments.
Within a year of moving to the District, Congress passed the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 and incorporated the new federal District under its sole authority as permitted by the District Clause.
Since the District of Columbia was no longer part of any state, the District's residents lost voting representation in Congress and the Electoral College as well as a voice in Constitutional Amendments and the right to home rule, facts that did not go without protest.
Talk of suffrage for the District of Columbia began almost immediately, though it mostly focused on a constitutional amendments and retrocession, not statehood.
Since then more than 150 constitutional amendments and bills have been introduced to provide representation to the District of Columbia, resulting in congressional hearings on more than twenty occasions, with the first of those hearings in 1803.
Citizens fearful that the seat of government be moved asked that DC be given a territorial government and an amendment to the Constitution for equal rights.
The first proposal for congressional representation to get serious consideration came in 1888, but it wouldn't be until 1921 that congressional hearings would be held on the subject.
Those hearings resulted in the first bill, introduced by Sen. Wesley Livsey Jones (R-WA), to be reported out of committee that would have addressed District representation.
The bill would have enabled - though not required – Congress to treat residents of DC as though they were citizens of a state.
Congressional members continued to propose amendments to address the District's lack of representation, with efforts picking up as part of the Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s.
This eventually resulted in successful passage of the Twenty-third Amendment in 1961, which granted the District votes in the Electoral College in proportion to their size as if they were a state, but no more than the least populous state.
Such bills made it out of committee in 1967 and 1972, for a House floor for a vote in 1976 and in 1978 resulted in the formal proposal of the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment.
In 1980, District voters approved the call of a constitutional convention to draft a proposed state constitution, just as U.S. territories had done prior to their admission as states.
Since the 98th Congress, more than a dozen statehood bills have been introduced, with two bills being reported out of the committee of jurisdictions.
The second of these bills made it to the House floor in November 1993, for the only floor debate and vote on D.C. statehood.
Pursuant to the 1980 proposed state constitution, the District still selects members of a shadow congressional delegation, consisting of two shadow Senators and a shadow Representative, to lobby the Congress to grant statehood.
Since the 1993 vote, bills to grant statehood to the District have been introduced in Congress each year but have not been brought to a vote.
Following a 2012 statehood referendum in the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico, political commentators endorsed the idea of admitting both the District and Puerto Rico into the Union.
In July 2014, President Barack Obama became the second sitting President, after Bill Clinton in 1993, to endorse statehood for the District of Columbia.
But on September 15, 2014, the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs held a hearing on bill S. 132, which would have created a new state out of the current District of Columbia, similar to the 1993 bill.
On December 4, 2015, the District of Columbia was granted membership in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, an advocacy group for people groups and territories which do not receive full representation in the government of the state they reside in.
On April 15, 2016, District Mayor Muriel Bowser called for a districtwide vote on whether the nation's capital should become the 51st state.
This constitution would make the Mayor of the District of Columbia the governor of the proposed state, while the members of the District Council would make up the proposed House of Delegates.
On November 8, 2016, the voters of the District of Columbia voted overwhelmingly in favor of statehood, with 86% of voters voting to advise approving the proposal.
In March 2017, the District's congressional delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton introduced a bill to propose DC statehood in the U.S. House of Representatives.
43 that the national capital needed to be distinct from the states in order to provide for its own maintenance and safety.
More recently, opponents of D.C. statehood have expressed objections to statehood on the grounds that the federal government would be dependent on a single state for its security and operations, apart from its use of federal law enforcement bodies such as the Secret Service.
The new state might enact policies inconsistent with operating the federal government for the benefit of the nation as a whole.
The District would be far smaller than any other state by area and the District's population is smaller than all but two states, which could potentially expand the unfair influence in national politics that small states have.
Opponents argue that the newly formed state would also be unique in that interests would be dominated by those of the federal government, which would be the state's largest employer.
It would also be the only state to have no rural residents and thus no need to consider the interests of non-urban areas.
Some have expressed concern that the newly formed state might enact a commuter tax on non-residents that work in the District; such a tax is currently illegal under the District of Columbia Home Rule Act.
Since Maryland granted land to form the national capital and not a new state, some lawmakers have concluded that Maryland must also consent to the new state.
However, Maryland's consent was not needed when a Potomac River island that was part of the Maryland cession was transferred to Virginia from D.C. in 1945.
The statehood legislation supported by the District government and some House Democrats gets around this by carving out an enclave within the proposed state, encompassing the White House, Capitol Building, Supreme Court Building, and other major federal offices, to act as the new District of Columbia for constitutional purposes.
Alternate proposals to statehood have been proposed to grant the District varying degrees of greater political autonomy and voting representation in the Congress.
Most proposals generally involve either treating the District of Columbia more like a state or allowing Maryland to take back the land it donated to form the District.
If both Congress and the Maryland General Assembly agreed, jurisdiction over the District of Columbia could be returned to Maryland or given to Virginia if the state legislature of Virginia agreed, possibly excluding a small tract of land immediately surrounding the United States Capitol, the White House and the Supreme Court building.
If the District were returned to Maryland or given to Virginia, citizens in D.C. would gain voting representation in the Congress as residents of Maryland or Virginia.
Further, although the U.S. Constitution does not specify a minimum size for the District, retrocession may require a constitutional amendment, as the District's role as the seat of government is mandated by the Constitution's District Clause.
Those in favor of such a plan argue that the Congress already has the necessary authority to pass such legislation without the constitutional concerns of other proposed remedies.
From the foundation of the District in 1790 until the passage of the Organic Act of 1801, citizens living in D.C. continued to vote for members of Congress in Maryland or Virginia; legal scholars therefore propose that the Congress has the power to restore those voting rights while maintaining the integrity of the federal district.
However, the proposed legislation never made it out of committee and would not grant the District any additional authority over its local affairs.
Several bills have been introduced in Congress to grant the District of Columbia voting representation in one or both houses of Congress.
The primary issue with all legislative proposals is whether the Congress has the constitutional authority to grant the District voting representation.
Members of Congress in support of the bills claim that constitutional concerns should not prohibit the legislation's passage, but rather should be left to the courts.
A secondary criticism of a legislative remedy is that any law granting representation to the District could be undone in the future.
Additionally, recent legislative proposals deal with granting representation in the House of Representatives only, which would still leave the issue of Senate representation for District residents unresolved.
Leading supporters of DC Statehood include most of the organizations that led the civil and voting rights movement of the 1960s.
It is viewed as the logical extension of the expansion of voting rights that has occurred over the course of American history.
Democrats are thought to favor statehood over retrocession, as it would most likely add new Democratic seats in the United States Senate.
Some Republicans, in turn, have opposed enfranchisement for the American citizens in DC based on the expected political disadvantage to them.
Religious groups supporting DC statehood include the American Jewish Committee, the Episcopal Church, the Union for Reform Judaism, United Church of Christ, United Methodist Church General Board of Church and Society, and the Unitarian Universalist Association.
Statehood is a cause for many labor and civil rights groups including American Federation of Teachers, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, NAACP, National Treasury Employees Union, National Urban League, and SEIU.
Recent Democratic Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama have expressed support for statehood, as well as Democratic 2016 Presidential candidates Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders - a co-sponsor of the 2015 New Columbia Admission Act, and former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley.
The Platform stated statehood for D.C. can only be advanced by a constitutional amendment, citing any other means would be 'invalid'.
The Platform states the last constitutional amendment proposal was 'soundly rejected' by the states in 1976, and 'should not be revived'.
However, when asked if DC should be represented as voters in other states are, by a voting Representative and two Senators, 37% said yes and 31% said no.
, household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.
As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.
Due to a recent surge in the number and popularity of critically acclaimed television series during the 2000s and the 2010s to date, many critics have said that American television is currently undergoing a modern golden age.
Individual broadcast television stations in the U.S. transmit on either VHF channels 2 through 13 or UHF channels 14 through 51.
The UHF band originally spanned from channels 14 to 83, though the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has twice rescinded the high-end portions of the band from television broadcasting use for emergency and other telecommunications purposes in 1983 (when channels 70 to 83 were removed) and 2009 (when channels 52 to 69 were removed by mandate at the completion of the transition from analog to digital television).
Over-the-air and free-to-air television do not necessitate any monthly payments, while cable, direct broadcast satellite (DBS), IPTV and virtual MVPD services require monthly payments that vary depending on the number of channels that a subscriber chooses to pay for in a particular package.
Local media markets have their own television stations, which may either be affiliated with or owned and operated by a television network.
Stations may sign affiliation agreements with one of the national networks for the local rights to carry their programming; these contracts can last anywhere from one to ten years, although such agreements often last on average between four and six years.
Except in very small markets with a limited number of commercial stations (generally, fewer than five), affiliation agreements are usually exclusive: for example, if a station is affiliated with NBC, it consequently would not air programs from ABC, CBS or other conventional broadcast networks but may carry specialty services intended to be carried on digital television signals on one or more subchannels.
However unlike in other countries, to ensure local presences in television broadcasting, federal law restricts the amount of network programming that local stations can run.
Until the 1970s and 1980s, local stations supplemented network programming with a sizeable amount of their own locally produced shows, which encompassed a broad content spectrum that included variety, talk, music and sports programming.
Today however, many (though not all) stations produce only local news programs, and in some cases, public affairs programs (most commonly, in the form of news and/or political analysis shows); the remainder of their schedules are filled with syndicated programs, or material produced independently and sold to individual stations in each local market.
The method of most commercial stations – those that rely, at least partly, on advertising for revenue – acquiring programs through distributors of syndicated content to fill time not allotted to network and/or local programming differs from other countries worldwide where networks handle the responsibility of programming first-run and syndicated programs, whereas their partner stations are only responsible for the programming of local content.
The international programming model is used in the U.S. by some smaller networks and multicast services, which are more cost-effective for their affiliate stations since they require little to no acquired or locally produced programming to fill airtime at the local level.
The earliest limits restricted owners from holding more than five stations across the entire country, and no more than one in any given market.
All four of the major television networks directly own and operate a number of stations, concentrating mostly on the largest metropolitan areas.
The largest ownership group in terms of coverage of the U.S. is Ion Media (corporate parent of namesake flagship network Ion Television), whose stations cover 65% of the nation and are entirely centrally operated, with no local programming.
Two other ownership groups in particular, Sinclair Broadcast Group and Nexstar Media Group, do not produce network programming (Sinclair has produced original programs for its stations but not on a full-time network including the four multicast services it distributes to its own stations and those owned by partner companies and other unaffiliated group owners) but each own over 150 stations, each covering over three-eighths of the country.
In terms of number of stations, Nexstar and Sinclair run first and second, with third place held by Gray Television, whose 131 stations cover mostly smaller metropolitan areas reaching only 10% of the population.
The five major U.S. broadcast television networks are the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), CBS (formerly known as the Columbia Broadcasting System), the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), the Fox Broadcasting Company (Fox) and the CW Television Network.
All in all, the U.S. broadcasting landscape dramatically evolved towards a conglomeratization of players – an effect also called concentration of media ownership, which describes the narrowing of competition in modern television broadcasting.
Weekday schedules on ABC, CBS, and NBC affiliates tend to be similar, with programming choices sorted by dayparts (Fox does not air network programming outside of prime time other than sports programming that airs on weekends and, on fairly rare occasions, weekdays).
Network daytime schedules consist of talk shows and soap operas, although one network – CBS – still carries game shows (a handful of other game shows otherwise air in syndication); local newscasts may air at midday timeslots.
Viewership tends to then decline throughout the week, culminating in the lowest ratings being registered on Friday and Saturday night; most broadcast networks abandoned the programming of first-run scripted fare on Saturdays by 2004, in favor of sports, newsmagazines and burn-offs and reruns of other prime time series; however first-run scripted programming continues to air on Fridays, being mixed in with newsmagazines and/or reality series, depending on the network.
Networks, however, pay special attention to Thursday night, which is the last night for advertisers of weekend purchases – such as cars, movie tickets and home video rentals – to reach large television audiences.
Both of these help fulfill stations' legal obligations, respectively to provide educational children's programs (through a law passed in 1990 known as the Children's Television Act, which requires stations to carry a minimum of three hours of programs featuring content benefiting the educational needs of youth each week) and public service programming.
Sports and infomercials (and on some stations, syndicated feature film packages) can be found on weekend afternoons, followed again by the same type of prime-time shows aired during the week.
Many independent stations still exist in the U.S., usually historically broadcasting on the UHF band; however the number of them had drastically decreased (especially within individual markets) after 1995 due to the formation of newer broadcast networks that were created to compete against the four established competitors.
Syndicated shows, often reruns of television series currently in or out of production and movies released as recently as three years prior to their initial syndication broadcast, take up much of their schedules.
However, in October 1986, the Fox Broadcasting Company was launched as a challenge to the Big Three networks, with six independent stations that News Corporation (which acquired the 20th Century Fox the year before) had acquired from Metromedia as its cornerstone charter outlets, along with many independents owned by other companies.
However, Fox differs from the three older networks in that it does not air daily morning and nightly news programs or have network-run daytime or weeknight late night schedules (though late night shows do air on Saturday nights, and beforehand, the network made previous failed attempts at late night programming on Monday through Friday evenings between 1986 and 1993).
In August 1998, Paxson Communications (now Ion Media) launched Pax TV to counterprogram the four larger networks as well as The WB and UPN, with a focus on family-oriented original and acquired programming; due to underperforming viewership in its initial format, Pax relaunched as i: Independent Television (focusing more on reruns and movies aimed at a broader audience) in July 2005 and then as Ion Television in September 2007.
Ion broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week (though only eighteen hours of its schedule each day consist of entertainment programming, with infomercials and religious programming making up the remainder of the schedule), making the Ion network the largest English-language commercial television network to be totally responsible for its affiliates' programming.
With the digital television transition, which was completed in two phases in February and June 2009, the use of digital multicasting has given breed to various networks created for distribution on these multiplexed feeds of new and existing stations.
Retro Television Network was among the first networks to be produced specifically for the digital television market; Equity Broadcasting created the network in 2005, originally relying mostly on public domain series before expanding to a broader library of licensed reruns.
RTN's initial success was dented by its owner's financial collapse and further difficulties pertaining to its successor, current owner Luken Communications.
Both MeTV and its most prominent rival, Tribune Broadcasting-owned Antenna TV, popularized the format for multicasting that relies on archived programming.
(a joint venture between Weigel and Fox Television Stations, which relies primarily on films from the library of the latter's sister film studio, 20th Century Fox) and GetTV (which mainly airs films from the library of owner Sony Pictures Entertainment).
Demographically focused networks were created during the 2010s; Bounce TV was launched in September 2011 by Martin Luther King III and Andrew Young, featuring a broader general entertainment format aimed at African American adults.
Katz Broadcasting, owned by Bounce executive Jonathan Katz, launched two gender-focused networks with specific formats in August 2014 – Grit (aimed at men with a lineup heavy on western and action films) and Escape (aimed at women and featuring mystery and true crime programs) – and a genre-based network in April 2015, Laff (featuring a mix of comedic feature films and sitcoms).
Luken Communications is the largest operator of subchannel networks by total number (which are largely carried on low-power outlets), which in addition to the Retro Television Network include among others country and rural themed Heartland, automotive-centered Rev'n, children's network PBJ and a modern version of The Family Channel.
In smaller cities and rural areas, the major broadcast networks may also rely on digital subchannels to be seen in these areas, as the market may not be populous enough to support a financially independent station for each network.
As such FCC regulations govern cable providers must provide basic TV at a reasonable cost (Since advent of Digital TV equipment cost is responsibility of consumer).
These networks are not as widely distributed over-the-air as their English counterparts, available mostly in markets with sizeable Latino and Hispanic populations; several of these over-the-air networks are alternatively fed directly to cable, satellite and IPTV providers in markets without either the availability or the demand for a locally based owned-and-operated or affiliate station.
The largest of these networks, Univision, launched in 1986 as a successor to the Spanish International Network (which debuted in September 1962, with Spanish language independent stations KMEX-TV in Los Angeles and KCOR-TV (now KWEX-DT) in San Antonio, Texas as its charter stations).
It has risen to become the fifth highest-rated television network in the U.S. (behind NBC, CBS, ABC and Fox) and is the dominant Spanish language network in the U.S., with its ratings having risen to levels where it has beaten at least one of its English language competitors since the late 1990s.
Although Univision originally featured programming content from a variety of distributors, the network now relies mainly on programs sourced from Mexico's dominant broadcaster, Televisa (which has maintained partial ownership of Univision's corporate parent on and off throughout its history) as well as domestically produced programming.
Its major competition is Telemundo, a sister network of NBC (which acquired Telemundo in 2001) that was also established in 1986 through a consortium of three Spanish-language stations, WNJU/New York City, WBBS-TV/Chicago and KSCI/Los Angeles.
It was considered an also-ran to Univision until the late 2000s, when parent company NBCUniversal began heavily investing in its news and entertainment programming.
In addition to carrying the traditional programming format for Spanish language broadcasters (which typically incorporates telenovelas, variety series, news, sports and films imported from Latin American countries), also includes dubbed versions of American feature film releases.
Its distribution network includes Comcast, DirecTV, Verizon FiOS, DISH Network, Cablevision, AT&T U-verse TV, Charter Communications, and a host of smaller distributors.
French language programming is generally limited in scope, with some locally produced French and creole programming available in the Miami area (serving refugees from Haiti) and Louisiana, along with some locales along the heavily populated Eastern Seaboard.
Francophone areas near the eastern portion of the Canada–United States border generally receive television broadcasts presented in the language from French Canadian networks (such as Ici Radio-Canada Télé and TVA), which are widely available over-the-air but rarely on cable in those areas.
Many large cities also have television stations that broadcast programming in various Asian languages (such as KTSF in San Francisco and KYAZ in Houston), especially after the digital television transition, which has allowed some smaller stations in areas with heavy populations of Asian immigrants and American natives of Asian origin fluent in one of that continent's indigenous languages to carry such programming either as primary channel or subchannel affiliations.
A few unusual examples of other foreign broadcasters also exist, such as Greek language WZRA in Florida and Polish language WPVN-DT4 in Chicago.
There have also been a few local stations that have broadcast programming in American Sign Language, accompanied by English closed captioning.
Prior to the development of closed captioning, it was not uncommon for some public television programs to incorporate ASL translations by an on-screen interpreter.
An interpreter may still be utilized for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community for on-air emergency broadcasts (such as severe weather alerts given by local governments) as well as televised press conferences by local and state government officials accompanied by closed captioning.
In addition, Broadcasting Board of Governors content (the most well-known being Voice of America) has been available to U.S. consumers since the partial repeal of the Smith–Mundt Act in 2013; VOA and its sister outlets are likewise restricted to shortwave and Internet broadcasts.
The Public Broadcasting Service is the largest public television broadcaster in the United States, originating in October 1970 as the successor of National Educational Television (which was established in 1954).
Unlike the commercial networks, PBS does not officially produce any of its own programming; instead, individual PBS stations (most notably, WNET in Newark, New Jersey/New York City, WGBH-TV in Boston and WETA-TV in Washington, D.C.), station groups and affiliated producers create programming and provide these through PBS to other affiliates.
Like the six larger commercial English language broadcast networks, its member stations handle the responsibility of programming time periods where programming supplied by the service is not broadcast, which are filled by cultural and public affairs programming of relevance to their market or region of service, and syndicated programs of various genres.
Although many PBS stations operate individually, a number of states – such as Wisconsin, Maryland, Minnesota, Oklahoma and South Carolina – have state-owned public broadcasting authorities that operate and fund all public television stations in their respective states.
The Alabama Educational Television Commission, licensee for the nine stations comprising Alabama Public Television, was established by the Alabama Legislature in 1953.
Four months later in April 1955 with the sign-on of WBIQ in Birmingham, Alabama became the first state in the country with an educational television network.
25 other states copied Alabama's system of operation to provide service through multiple, linked television stations, using full-power satellite stations and (in some cases) low-power translators to relay the originating station's programming to other areas.
Similar state networks have also been created by commercial broadcasters to relay network programming throughout portions or even the entirety of a state.
The income received from the government is insufficient to cover expenses and stations rely on corporate sponsorships and viewer contributions (including from private benefactors) to finance their operations and programming production.
Various public television outlets – albeit not on all individual PBS member and independent public broadcasting stations and PBS member networks simultaneously – hold pledge drives two to four times per year, which account for a decent portion of the non-government-subsidized income through public and private contributions.
American public television stations air programming that commercial stations do not offer, such as educational (including cultural and arts) and public affairs programming.
There are also a number of syndicators dealing exclusively or primarily with public broadcast stations, both PBS and independent public television stations (most prominently, American Public Television).
Most of their stations are owned by the television ministries directly or through subsidiary companies (Community Educational Television and Word of God Fellowship, respectively) used by them to operate stations that TBN and Daystar cannot own outright due to FCC regulations prohibiting individual broadcasting companies from owning television stations reaching more than 39% of all U.S. television markets.
Other religious broadcasters include the Three Angels Broadcasting Network, Cornerstone Television, World Harvest Television (WHT), Hope Channel, Amazing Facts Television, The Word Network, The Worship Network, Total Christian Television and The Inspiration Network (INSP).
These networks rely mainly on church services or other religious teaching series for programming, although they also incorporate faith-based children's programming and at least three such networks – TBN, Daystar and Cornerstone Television – also air religious-themed feature-length films.
INSP and WHT – similar to the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), which owned independent stations that maintained such a format from the 1960s until 2001 – also incorporate secular entertainment programs, primarily in the form of classic television series.
Public access television is a noncommercial form of television required by law to be offered to cable television consumers, in which members of the public are free to place their programming on the cable service.
Most popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, the rise of the Internet and satellite TV (the latter of which is not required to carry public-access TV) rendered it partially obsolete.
While pay television systems existed as early as the late 1940s, until the early 1970s, cable television only served to distribute distant over-the-air television stations to rural areas not served by stations that are based locally.
In that decade, national networks that exclusively transmitted via cable and maintained their own individual programming formats began to launch, while cable system franchises began operating in major cities with over-the-air television stations.
Today, most American households receive cable television, and cable networks collectively have greater viewership than broadcast networks, even though individual programs on most of the major commercial broadcast networks often have relatively higher viewership than those seen on cable channels.
HBO launched on November 8, 1972 to 365 Service Electric Cable subscribers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with a mix of movies, sports, and comedy and music specials.
For its first three years of operation, it used microwave technology to transmit its programming to CATV and MMDS providers in Pennsylvania and New York.
The first basic cable network was Atlanta, Georgia independent station WTCG (channel 17), which was uplinked to satellite on December 17, 1976, months after station owner Ted Turner reached an agreement with media executive Howard H. Hubbard to set up a cable network via satellite transmission.
(The broadcast and cable feeds, however, simulcast one another with certain exceptions until October 2007, when Turner Broadcasting – which was acquired by Time Warner in 1996 – decided to separate the programming on both feeds, therefore making TBS a cable-exclusive entertainment network with a principal focus on comedy, and reformatting the Atlanta signal under the WPCH-TV call letters).
Turner's move pioneered the superstation concept, which precipitated other independent stations – most notably, WGN-TV in Chicago and WOR-TV (now MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated station WWOR-TV) in New York City – to uplink their signals to satellite for redistribution by cable systems outside the station's primary coverage area.
(The practice has since been restricted by the FCC, although six stations that achieved superstation coverage prior to the ban [including WPCH] maintain grandfather clauses to continue offering their programming throughout the United States and Canada).
Other national superstations followed WTBS's lead in implementing a separate national feed that incorporated substitute programming for shows seen in the originating market that local stations declared themselves to be the exclusive carriers in their market after syndication exclusivity regulations went into effect in January 1990.
Since WGN America (the former national feed of WGN-TV) converted into a conventional cable channel in 2014, no national superstations exist in the United States and the six remaining regional superstations are limited to distribution via Dish Network and C-band satellite as well as through limited distribution on cable providers in their associated regions of the U.S.
The second basic cable network, the first to operate as a cable-originated outlet and the first such network to be uplinked via satellite from launch was the CBN Satellite Network, launched in April 1977 by televangelist Pat Robertson as the television ministry of his Christian Broadcasting Network.
By the time it reformatted as the CBN Cable Network in 1981, it refocused towards secular family-oriented programming, carrying a mix of reruns of classic television series and feature films alongside its religious programming.
Premium channels – cable networks that subscribers have to pay an additional fee to their provider to receive – began launching in the 1970s and initially grew in popularity as it allowed subscribers to watch movies without time or content editing common with over-the-air television broadcasts of theatrically released feature films and without interruptions by advertising.
Other pay-extra networks launched in the years subsequent to HBO's launch including Showtime, which launched on September 16, 1976 with a similar format; and movie-oriented services such as Star Channel (which launched in April 1973, and later became The Movie Channel in November 1979) and HBO-owned Cinemax (which launched on August 1, 1980, and later became more known for its late-night softcore pornographic films).
Although attempts at such services date back to the 1950s, pay-per-view services (such as Viewer's Choice and Request TV) began launching in the mid-1980s, allowing subscribers to purchase movies and events on a one-time-only basis via telephone; with the advent of digital cable, interactive technologies allowed pay-per-view selections to be purchased by remote.
Regional sports networks are cable outlets designed to cover a limited geographic region and metropolitan area, which carry events from local professional and collegiate sports teams, as well as team-related programs, news and magazine programs.
The most prominent of these are the Fox Sports Networks, Comcast SportsNet, AT&T SportsNet and Spectrum Sports, which comprise multiple networks serving different regions of the United States.
Out-of-market sports packages, meanwhile, are composed of individual multichannel packages broadcasting events from an individual sport that are carried by regional sports networks, and national and local broadcasters that hold rights to individual teams or sports leagues; the out-of-market sports package is the most expensive form of a la carte television service, ranging in price from $50 to $75 per month.
The national cable television network became possible in the mid-1970s with the launch of domestic communications satellites that could economically broadcast television programs to cable operators anywhere in the continental United States (some domestic satellites also covered Alaska and Hawaii with dedicated spot beams that reached the contiguous states).
Until then, cable networks like HBO had been limited to regional coverage through distribution over expensive terrestrial microwave links leased from the telephone companies (primarily AT&T).
Satellites were generally used only for international (i.e., transoceanic) communications; their antennas covered an entire hemisphere, producing weak signals that required large, expensive receiving antennas.
Since these same satellites were also used internally by the television networks, they could also watch programs not intended for public broadcast such as affiliate feeds without commercials and/or intended for another time zone; raw footage from remote news teams; advance transmissions of upcoming programs; and live news and talk shows during breaks when those on camera might not realize that anyone outside the network could hear them.
Encrypting was introduced to prevent people from receiving pay content for free, and nearly every pay channel was encrypted by the mid-to-late 1980s (this did not happen without protest, such as an incident in which a Florida satellite dealer intercepted the signal of HBO during a film telecast in 1986 to transmit a text-based message over color bars objecting to the network's decision to encrypt its feed).
Satellite television also began a digital transition, well before over-the-air broadcasting did the same, to increase satellite capacity and/or reduce the size of the receiving antennas; this also made it more difficult for individuals to intercept these signals.
Eventually, the industry began to cater to individuals who wanted to continue to receive satellite television (and were willing to pay for it) in two ways: by authorizing the descrambling of the original satellite feeds to the cable television operators, and with new direct broadcast satellite television services using their own satellites.
Meanwhile, the major cable television providers are Comcast with 22 million customers, Time Warner Cable with 11 million, and Cox Communications, Charter Communications, AT&T U-verse and Verizon FiOS with five to six million each.
After broadcast television switched to a digital infrastructure, new channels became available on unencrypted satellites to bring more free television to Americans; some of these are available as a digital subchannel to local broadcasters, this reason may be for the expensive costs of the DVB-S equipment.
NASA TV, Pentagon Channel, Antenna TV, This TV, TheCoolTV and the Retro Television Network (through its affiliates) are examples, international news channels like NHK World, France 24, i24news and Al Jazeera English until the launch of Al Jazeera America are commonly watched this way as a result to the lack of availability on cable, DBS and IPTV.
Some cable providers use interactive features built into set-top boxes leased to their subscribers to distribute video on demand services within their internal networks.
Many providers of subscription television services – both networks and system operators – also have TV Everywhere services, which usually mix the video on demand model with live streaming capabilities (allowing viewers to watch broadcasts from over-the-air networks and stations, and cable channels in near real-time), but require password and username authentication through participating pay television providers.
IPTV (internet protocol television) is similar to a cable subscription, but instead of the set-top box receiving information via a dedicated wire, video is transmitted over the public Internet or private internet protocol-based network to a set-top box.
Internet television, also known as web television, began in the 1990s and has become popular in the 2000s onward, resulting in a trend of cord-cutting – the canceling of cable subscriptions in favor of online content that consumers supplement with either over-the-air broadcasts, DVD rentals or a combination of all three viewing methods.
Web television providers in the U.S. include Netflix (which was originally structured as a mail-order DVD rental service), Hulu, MyTV, and many international websites such as YouTube, Myspace, Newgrounds, Blip and Crackle.
Mobile television services also include mobile apps for both traditional and new programming providers, usually optimized for a small screen and mobile bandwidth constraints.
Mobile video is available for direct download or streaming (usually for a one-time download fee) from the iTunes Store, Google Play and Prime Video.
Internet-connected video game consoles and dedicated Smart TV boxes are available that connect televisions to Internet television and/or online video services.
These devices are marketed as more convenient for consumers who would otherwise have trouble connecting a computer to a full-size television and using a web browser to view content.
Some televisions have built-in capabilities; dedicated boxes include Google TV, Apple TV, Roku, Netgear Digital Entertainer, Amkette EvoTV and formerly the Nexus Q.
Aereo provided a cloud-based digital video recorder service for over-the-air broadcasts, which it also streamed; although it and the similarly structured FilmOn have run into legal problems with broadcasters who accused the services of transmitting programs from broadcast television stations in violation of copyrights.
Aereo eventually suspended operations and filed for bankruptcy in November of that year, later choosing to auction off its assets and technology; FilmOn however remains in operation, offering other free-to-air U.S.-based networks in addition to its own exclusive channels, but was found in contempt by New York district court in July 2014 for briefly continuing to stream U.S. stations after the Supreme Court ruling.
In 2015, Dish Network and Sony respectively launched Sling TV and PlayStation Vue, cable-style online and mobile streaming services priced at lower monthly rates than packages offered by traditional pay television system operators.
Sling TV, in an effort to cap programming costs, does not include local broadcast stations or regional sports networks; conversely, PlayStation Vue does carry ABC-, NBC-, CBS- and Fox-affiliated stations in select cities where the service is available.
Conventional broadcast and cable networks also launched OTT services during 2014 and 2015 to primarily reach cord-cutters – most of which are younger adults, particularly around college age, and to combat online copyright infringement of their programming.
These networks include CBS (launched CBS All Access in October 2014, featuring both on-demand content and live streams of the network's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates), HBO (in April 2015, launched HBO Now, a standalone internet-only subscription service similar to its TV Everywhere service HBO Go), and Showtime (which launched a VOD/live streaming service of the same name in May 2015).
These services generally do not offer most of the high-profile original content available on cable, satellite or subscription video services and instead package reruns and other archival programming into online-exclusive channels.
Most cable networks also generate income from advertisements, although most basic cable networks also receive subscription fees, which are the other main source of revenue for the cable operators.
Networks traditionally allocate a portion of commercial time during their programs (usually totaling between five and 6½ minutes per hour, depending on the length of the program being aired, sometimes less during sporting events) to their local affiliates, which allow the local stations to generate revenue.
In the same manner, in addition to subscription fees, cable television providers generate some of their revenue by selling local commercial time (usually allocating around four minutes per hour) for each advertiser-supported cable network it carries.
Cable companies are required by the 1992 Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act to negotiate for retransmission consent, usually paying broadcasters for the right to carry their signals.
This provision, over time, has resulted in problems between pay television providers and companies that own subscription television services as well as those own and/or operate over-the-air television stations, as disagreements over terms in retransmission contracts sometimes arise during negotiations to renew and (occasionally) strike new agreements to carry certain channels.
American television has had very successful programs that have inspired television networks across the world to develop shows of similar types.
Conversely, many programs produced for U.S. television are also routinely syndicated to broadcasters in other countries, and a number of popular American programs have been based on shows that originated in other countries, especially the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Canada.
Local news programming airs on many television stations, with individual markets supporting as few as two or as many as eight television news operations, depending on the number of available viewers that live in the market.
Most stations originally aired locally produced newscasts only in evening time periods (usually at 6:00 and 10:00 or 11:00 p.m. local time) until the 1970s or as late as the mid-1980s on some stations.
During that period, stations began local news programs in the midday and 5:00 p.m. time slots, while morning newscasts began to become common during the 1980s (first on weekdays, with weekend morning newscasts launching in many cities beginning in the early 1990s).
Cable news channels traditionally carry blocks of more generalized news coverage during the morning and afternoon hours; programs focusing on politics (that are similar in format to the Sunday morning talk shows) and documentaries typically air on these channels during prime time and late night, with general news coverage during that time usually limited to occasional coverage of breaking news events.
Soap operas have also become common in prime time, which differ from their daytime counterparts as they utilize the traditional weekly format and maintain a visual style traditional of other nighttime network series (particularly, nighttime soaps are recorded on film in a single-camera setup, whereas daytime soaps are shot on multiple cameras that record the program on videotape).
Television series featuring fantasy and science fiction are also popular with American viewers, since these programs take elements of comedy, drama, adventure, or a combination of all of the above.
Some locally produced children's programs – which often mixed cartoons, special guests and audience-participation games – also became popular in the local markets where they were broadcast; one of the most popular was the Bozo the Clown franchise, which became most well known for its Chicago version, which began airing nationally when WGN-TV became a superstation in October 1978.
However, in 1990, due to concerns regarding commercial advertising and cross-promotion in children's programs by parental advocacy groups, the Federal Communications Commission passed the Children's Television Act, legislation that among other provisions requires all broadcast television networks and stations to air at least three hours of educational children's programming each week.
Professional wrestling had been aired on local television during its earliest days and began to be aired in national television during the 1950s.
It underwent a resurgence in the 1980s as Vince McMahon's World Wrestling Federation and Ted Turner's World Championship Wrestling (WCW) each built rivalling national wrestling empires.
The boom eventually collapsed by the turn of the millennium, and McMahon purchased WCW in 2001 and an upstart hardcore promotion, Paul Heyman's Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), and merged them into WWF to form the modern WWE.
WWE maintains a dominant presence in professional wrestling, with rivals Impact Wrestling (formerly TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH) also having a presence on American television (the latter primarily as a result of its 2011 acquisition by television station owner Sinclair Broadcast Group).
The sport earned a negative reputation after Emile Griffith killed his opponent on national television in a 1962 contest, followed by the death of Davey Moore from an indirect in-ring injury during another televised contest a year later; by 1964, boxing was off national television.
The rise of pay-per-view and premium channels led to most of the highest-profile matches returning to the airwaves via subscription television.
While it still maintains a limited (and rising, thanks to the efforts of Premier Boxing Champions) presence on American broadcast television, boxing has declined in popularity since the 1990s with mixed martial arts, a more broad-based combat sport, rising to take its place.
The National Football League (NFL)'s embrace of television broadcasting at the early onset of the medium helped boost its popularity as a sport, and by the 1960s, the combined success of NFL and American Football League (AFL) telecasts helped earn professional football a status as a mainstay of the major television networks.
The National Hockey League (NHL), in contrast, was much slower to embrace television, due to its initially regional nature and greater reliance on Canadian television, though it would begin broadcasting its events nationally on a wider basis after Fox acquired the rights to the league's game broadcasts in 1995; the NHL has struggled to gain competitive ratings for most of its time on television.
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) restricted television broadcasts of college football, as well as college basketball, from the early 1950s until 1984.
In the latter year, the Supreme Court struck down the NCAA's collective television contract as a violation of antitrust law, deregulating the sale of college sports telecasts and allowing individual teams and athletic conferences to negotiate their own deals with broadcast and cable networks.
Televised poker, while not an athletic sport, has been treated as a sport of sorts, with a boom in poker broadcasting between 2003 and 2011, after which federal pressure cut off most of the broadcasts' sponsors.
Most of the major sports have some presence on commercial broadcast television, including all NFL regular season and most playoff games.
National cable networks, beginning with ESPN in 1979 (along with its later sister channels that gradually launched beginning in the 1990s) and later joined by competitors such as NBCSN and Fox Sports 1, carry packages of assorted major professional and college sports.
Unlike in some other countries, public television does not own any sports rights, nor has it ever been a major factor in sports television.
While the majority of programs broadcast on American television are produced domestically, some programs carried in syndication, on public television or on cable are imported from other countries – most commonly, from the primarily English-speaking countries of Canada and the United Kingdom.
However, other Canadian series aimed at adults or more general audiences have also been syndicated in the United States; one network, Ion Life (a spin-off of Ion Television), has much of its schedule composed of reruns of since-discontinued Canadian lifestyle series.
Programming from Japan has had a niche market in American television, with some anime programs (generally dubbed into English) having been seen on American television since the 1960s.
American Spanish-language networks also import much of their programming; for example, Univision imports much of its programming, especially telenovelas that are broadcast on the network, from Mexican broadcaster Televisa, and MundoMax distributes programming from Colombian broadcaster and network owner RCN Television.
A few things that a television network takes under consideration in deciding to order a show is if the show itself is compatible with the network's target audience, the cost of production, and if the show is well liked among network executives, and in many cases, test audiences.
Networks sometimes preemptively purchase pilots to prevent other networks from controlling them – and the purchase of a pilot is no guarantee that the network will order additional episodes.
In other cases, the network may be forced to commission the pilot in order to avoid shouldering monetary penalties if it is not produced.
The producers hire a director and other crew members (in some cases, using staff employed with an existing series) to work on the pilot; in some cases, if the pilot's concept was pitched by producers that would not write for the proposed show before a script is drafted, writers may also be assigned to pen the script and would be given credit as the series' creator(s).
Unscripted series have a different stage of development, as the program is generally pitched only as a concept, often without a pilot being ordered or already produced.
The standard broadcast television season in the United States consists of 22 episodes (which are typically broadcast over a period of nine months from September to May, depending on the date on which the program begins its season), although prior to the 1970s, a single season of a weekly television program consisted of as many as 40 episodes, with few breaks in the show's airing schedule.
American soap operas air in the afternoon, five days a week, without any significant break in taping and airing schedules throughout the year.
This means that these serials air approximately 260 episodes a year, making their cast and crew members the busiest in show business.
Cable channel SoapNet provided weekly repeats for some broadcasts until it shut down in December 2013, after which TVGN (now Pop, and originally a television listings service formerly known under several names including the Prevue Channel) began airing same-day repeats of some network soaps.
As advertising rates are based on the size of the audience, measuring the number of people watching a network is very important.
Sweeps months (which occur in November, February, May, and to a lesser extent July) are important landmarks in the television season – ratings earned during these periods determine advertising rates until the next sweeps period, therefore shows often have their most exciting plot developments happen during sweeps.
Shows that are successful with audiences and advertisers receive authorization from the network to continue production, until the plotline ends (only for scripted shows) or if the contract expires.
For the most part, shows that are not immediately or even moderately successful are cancelled by the end of November sweeps, if not shortly thereafter or earlier.
Once a television series reaches a threshold of approximately 88 to 100 episodes, it becomes a candidate to enter reruns in off-network syndication.
The sale of previously aired programs to other outlets, including the Internet, television stations outside the United States and traditional off-network syndication, constitutes up to half of an individual show's revenue stream as of 2017, with the other half coming from first-run advertising.
Cable and digital broadcast networks have provided outlets for programming that either has outlived its syndication viability, lacks the number of episodes necessary for syndication, or for various reasons was not a candidate for syndication in the first place.
Popular dramas, for instance, have permanent homes on several basic cable channels, often running in marathons (multiple episodes airing back-to-back for several hours), and there are also cable channels devoted to game shows (Game Show Network and Buzzr), soap operas (the now-defunct SoapNet), Saturday morning cartoons (Boomerang) and even sports broadcasts (ESPN Classic).
Digital broadcast networks specializing in classic television programming that have become popular since the early 2010s have also served as short-term or long-term homes for many older series that have not been syndicated in decades or have ever been aired in reruns.
Most reality shows perform poorly in reruns and are rarely seen as a result, other than reruns of series still in production, on the same network on which they air (almost always cable outlets), where they air as filler programming.
The FCC awards and oversees the renewal of licenses to local stations, which stipulate stations' commitments to educational and public-interest programming.
During the early years of commercial television, the FCC permitted a single company to own a maximum of five television stations nationwide (later raised to seven stations in 1984 and then to twelve in 1992), although until the 1960s, very few companies outside of the major broadcast networks owned multiple stations.
In August 1999, the FCC legalized the common ownership of two commercial stations, known as duopolies, if one of them is not among the market's four highest-rated, and if there are at least eight companies that each own full-power stations within the market.
Premium cable networks are exceptions, and often air very racy programming at night, though premium channels often air program content with strong to graphic profanity, violence and nudity in some cases during the daytime hours.
Such content is common on pay television services, as they are not subjected to FCC regulations and pressure from advertisers, and often require a subscription to view them.
Cable providers must include local over-the-air stations in their offerings on each system (stations can opt to gain carriage by seeking a must-carry option) and give them low channel numbers, unless the stations decide to demand compensation of any sort (through retransmission consent).
A few of these superstations once had national distribution, carrying a separate feed that aired different programming than that of the local area feed and even some that also aired on the local feed that is SyndEx-proof (in other words, syndicated programming to which the superstation has obtained full signal rights to air nationally); the two most prominent of these nationally distributed stations were TBS and WGN-TV.
WWOR-TV also once operated a national feed, which ceased operations in January 1997, before the station regained national superstation status as a satellite-exclusive service – through its New York City feed – a few months later.
As a result, anyone is free to create any number of channels or any sort of programming whatsoever without consulting the FCC.
The only restrictions are on the ability to secure carriage on cable or satellite (or, failing that, by streaming on Internet television) and securing the rights to programming.
Because of this lack of restriction, channel drift (the shift of a channel's programming format away from that which it originally maintained) is much more common in the United States than in other countries.
Because the United States had relatively weak copyright terms until 1976, a large body of older television series have lapsed into the public domain and are thus free to redistribute in any form.
After years of experimental broadcasts, television first became commercialized in the United States in New York City on July 1, 1941, initially by RCA (through NBC, which it owned) via its station WNBT (now WNBC) and CBS, via their station WCBW (now WCBS-TV).
A number of different broadcast systems had been developed through the end of the 1930s; most 1930s efforts used low-bandwidth (and low-fidelity) mechanical television processes.
The earliest regularly scheduled American television shows (including variety shows, piano lessons and a murder-mystery series) were broadcast via mechanical television in the early 1930s.
The National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) standardized on a 525-line broadcast in 1941 that would provide the basis for television across the country through the end of the century.
After a flood of television license applications, the FCC froze the application process for new applicants in 1948, due to concerns over station interference.
At the time, there were only a few dozen stations operating at the end of the decade, concentrated in many (but not all) major cities.
The FCC began handing out broadcasting licenses to communities of all sizes in the early 1950s (with the highest concentration of license grants and station sign-ons occurring between 1953 and 1956), spurring an explosion of growth in the medium.
Half of all U.S. households had television sets by 1955, though color was a premium feature for many years (most households able to purchase television sets could only afford black-and-white models, and few programs were broadcast in color until the mid-1960s).
Although sitcoms were a radio fixture since the late 1930s (many 1940s radio sitcoms jumped directly to television), television allowed far greater use of physical comedy, an advantage that early television sitcoms used to its full potential.
Other popular genres in early television were westerns, police procedurals, suspense thrillers and soap operas, all of which were adapted from the radio medium.
Game shows were also a major part of the early part of television, aided by massive prizes unheard of in the radio era; however, the pressure to keep the programs entertaining led to the quiz show scandals, in which it was revealed many of the popular high-stakes games were rigged or outright scripted.
The Saturday morning cartoons, animated productions made specifically for television (and, accordingly, with much tighter budgets and more limited animation), also debuted in the late 1950s.
Broadcast television stations in the United States were primarily transmitted on the VHF band (channels 2-13) in its earliest years; it was not until the All-Channel Receiver Act of 1964 that UHF broadcasting became a feasible medium.
Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, concurrent with the development of color television, the evolution of television led to an event colloquially known as the rural purge; genres such as the panel game show, western, variety show, barn dance and rural-oriented sitcom all met their demise in favor of newer, more modern series targeted at wealthier suburban and urban viewers.
Usually carried live, they ranged from simple advertisements to game shows and children's shows that often featured clowns and other offbeat characters.
Local programs could often be popular and profitable, but concerns about product promotion led them to almost completely disappear by the mid-1970s.
The last remaining locally originated shows on American television are local newscasts, public affairs shows and some brokered programming (such as talk-lifestyle shows) paid for by advertisers.
Subscription television became popular in the early 1980s when cable television began to offer dedicated channels alongside local and out-of-market broadcast stations and service gradually expanded to more metropolitan areas, followed by the emergence of direct-broadcast satellite in the 1990s, and has been growing in significance since then – spurring the emergence of multinational conglomerates such as Fox.
As the number of outlets for potential new television channels increased, this also introduced the threat of audience fracturing, in that it would become more difficult to attain a critical mass of viewers in this highly competitive market (free-to-air satellite had a brief uptick in popularity during the 1980s, but never achieved mainstream popularity).
As ratings declined, the number of game shows and soap operas followed, with the former genre almost completely disappearing from American daytime television, to be replaced by much cheaper and more lowbrow tabloid talk shows, many of which in turn were canceled and replaced by televised binding arbitration court shows beginning in the late 1990s.
Over the course of the 1980s and 1990s, stations began airing infomercials – as well as news and entertainment programs – throughout the night instead of signing off; infomercials also began to overtake other less-watched dayparts (such as weekends and during the daytime), which forced series that would otherwise be syndicated onto cable networks or off the air entirely.
Cable networks have also begun selling infomercial space, usually in multiple-hour blocks in the early morning hours, while some dedicated channels devoted to infomercials have also launched since the early 1990s.
Infomercials have earned a reputation as a medium for advertising scams and products of dubious quality, although by the same token, they have proven to be a successful method of selling products.
In the late 1990s, the U.S. began to deploy digital television, transitioning it into being the standard transmission method for over-the-air broadcasts.
The major broadcast networks began transitioning to recording their programs in high definition (HD); prime time programs were the first to convert to the format, with daytime shows eventually being converted to HD beginning in the mid-2000s; the upgrade to full high-definition network schedules, at least among the conventional English language broadcast networks, was fully completed by September 2014 when the last standard-definition programs upgraded to HD.
A law passed by Congress in 2006 required over-the-air stations to cease analog broadcasts in 2009, with the end of analog television arriving on June 12 of that year (originally set for February 17, before Congress delayed it due to concerns about national household penetration of digital television by viewers reliant on antennas for receive programming in advance the transition).
A further compression of the television band known as the spectrum reallocation, eliminating channels 38 through 51, will be completed in 2020.
DVR technology allowed wide-scale time shifting of programming, which had a negative impact on programming in time slots outside of prime time by allowing viewers to watch their favorite programs on demand.
It also put pressure on advertisers, since DVRs make it relatively easy to skip over commercials (satellite provider Dish Network's Hopper technology, which eliminates commercials entirely, was even the subject of lawsuits by the major networks during the early and mid-2010s due to fears over diluted advertising revenue).
During the 2000s, the major development in U.S. television programming was the growth of reality television, which proved to be an inexpensive and entertaining alternative to scripted prime time programming.
The process of nonlinear video editing and digital recording allowed for much easier and less expensive editing of mass amounts of video, making reality television more viable than it had been in previous decades.
All four major broadcast networks carry at least one long-running reality franchise in their lineup at any given time of the year.
The Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act (SALSRA) is a bill of the United States Congress passed into law on December 12, 2003.
The bill's stated purpose is to end what the United States sees as Syrian support for terrorism, to end Syria's presence in Lebanon, which has been in effect since the end of the Lebanese Civil War in 1990, to stop Syria's alleged development of WMDs, to cease Syria's illegal importation of Iraqi oil and to end illegal shipments of military items to anti-US forces in Iraq.
In response to the use of chemical weapons against civilians during the 2013 Ghouta chemical attack, president Barack Obama asked Congress to authorize the use of military force against Syria.
Whereas in the Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003, Congress found that Syria’s acquisition of weapons of mass destruction threatens the security of the Middle East and the national security interests of the United States.
Brandon was born in Portland, Oregon and attended Grant High School, where he led his team to the 1988 Class AAA Oregon high-school basketball championship, being named Oregon high school player of the year.
He then went on to hold several school records: career- and single-season scoring average, assists in a single game (13), single-season steals (twice), and single-game steals (eight).
As Cleveland's starting point guard, Brandon earned consecutive All-Star Game appearances in 1996 and 1997, the second of which Cleveland hosted.
In the trade, Cleveland also sent Tyrone Hill and a top-10 protected draft pick to the Bucks; Milwaukee sent Sherman Douglas to Cleveland and Vin Baker to the Seattle SuperSonics, who dealt Shawn Kemp to Cleveland.
Though Cleveland was not looking to trade Brandon, the team felt they could not pass over the opportunity to trade for a superstar of Kemp's caliber.
Injuries limited him to just 50 games in his first season with the Bucks, and Milwaukee struggled without him on court.
Brandon was among the league leaders in steals and led the team in assists during his two-year stint with the Bucks.
Though he expressed interest in playing in Milwaukee long-term with Ray Allen, the Bucks feared they would be unable to re-sign Brandon and did not want to risk losing him without return.
On March 12, 1999, Brandon was traded to Minnesota in a three-team, nine player trade that sent Sam Cassell to Milwaukee and Stephon Marbury to the New Jersey Nets.
Paired with Kevin Garnett, Brandon helped lead Minnesota to their first 50-win season in 1999-2000 with averages of 17 points, 9 assists and 2 steals per game.
However, he was often plagued by injuries and on February 13, 2002, he was placed on the injury list by the Timberwolves, from which he did not return.
He was waived by the Hawks on February 17, 2004, two years and 13 days after his last game, and he subsequently announced his retirement.
Brandon finished his career averaging 13.8 points, three rebounds, 6.1 assists and 1.58 steals per game, and came within six points of scoring 10,000 in his career.
His father, Charles, was a supply store supervisor for Oregon Health Sciences University, and was also an assistant pastor in a Pentecostal church.
Brandon's mother, Charlotte, was one of the founders of Mothers of Professional Basketball Players, an organization for mothers of NBA players.
Brandon and his friend, Timothy Upshaw, went along with the letter's request for Brandon to leave a bag outside of his garage with money inside (though they only placed a single dollar bill and plain paper in the bag).
Bobby Hayes was brought into custody and later released on bail, receiving orders not to contact Brandon, Newman or their families.
This may be in the form of a joint adoption by a same-sex couple, adoption by one partner of a same-sex couple of the other's biological child (step-child adoption), or adoption by a single LGBT+ person.
Given that constitutions and statutes usually do not address the adoption rights of LGBT persons, judicial decisions often determine whether they can serve as parents either individually or as couples.
The existing body of research on outcomes for children with LGBT parents includes limited studies that consider the specific case of adoption.
Moreover, where studies do mention adoption they often fail to distinguish between outcomes for unrelated children versus those in their original family or step-families, causing research on the more general case of LGBT parenting to be used to counter the claims of LGBT-adoption opponents.
One study has addressed the question directly, evaluating the outcomes of adoptees less than 3-years old who had been placed in one of 56 lesbian and gay households since infancy.
Despite the small sample, and the fact that the children have yet to become aware of their adoption status or the dynamics of gender development, the study found no significant associations between parental sexual orientation and child adjustment.
Scientific research indicates that the children of same-sex couples fare just as well or even better than the children of opposite-sex couples.
In the United States, for example, legislation to prevent adoption by LGBT people has been introduced in many jurisdictions; such efforts have largely been defeated.
The American Psychological Association has supported adoption by same-sex couples, citing social prejudice as harming the psychological health of lesbians and gays while noting there is no evidence that their parenting causes harm.
The American Medical Association has issued a similar position supporting second parent adoption by same-sex partner, stating that lack of formal recognition can cause health-care disparities for children of same-sex parents.
A 2006 poll by the Pew Research Center found a close divide on gay adoption among the United States public, while a 2007 poll by CNN and Opinion Research Corp. said 57% of respondents felt gays should have the right to adopt and 40% said they should not.
In 2018, a YouGov poll found that over half of Americans (55%) said they believe heterosexual and homosexual couples can be equally good parents.
Majorities also said they were in support of gay (53%) and lesbian (55%) couples having the right to adopt and raise children.
In the United Kingdom in 2007, 64% of people said they thought gay couples should be allowed to adopt and 32% said they should not.
55% of respondents thought that male couples should be able to adopt and 59% of people thought that lesbian couples should be able to adopt.
An opinion poll conducted in late 2006 at the request of the European Commission indicated that Polish public opinion was generally opposed to both same-sex marriage and to adoption by gay couples.
The Eurobarometer 66 poll found that 74% of Poles were opposed to same-sex marriage and 89% opposed adoption by same-sex couples.
It allows a life partner who is not a biological parent of their partner's child or children to gain parental responsibilities on a temporary or permanent basis.
By 2013, an Ipsos Global poll showed 70% of Canadians approved of same-sex adoption to some degree with 45% strongly approving.
If applicants are approved as suitable to adopt, legally only one of them would be the legal parent of the child.
As of May 2019, the Honduras Supreme Court is expected to rule on a decision regarding both same-sex marriage and adoption.
In Mexico City, the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District passed legislation on 21 December 2009 enabling same-sex couples to adopt children.
On 24 November 2011, the Coahuila Supreme Court struck down the state's law barring same-sex couples from adopting, urging the state's legislature to amend the adoption law as soon as possible.
On 3 February 2017 the SCJN emitted tesis 08/2017 in which it is stated that the family of the LGBT community doesn't end with a couple, but that it also extends onto the right to have and raise children.
Therefore, LGBT couples wishing to form a family and adopt children will be legally protected and can't be limited by any governmental entity.
A government-sponspored adoption law in Uruguay allowing LGBT adoption was approved by the lower house on 28 August 2009, and by the Senate on 9 September 2009.
Some Asian countries still criminalise same-sex activities, do not have anti-discrimination laws, which are an obstacle from legislating for LGBT adoption.
In February 2008, a court in Israel ruled that same-sex couples were now permitted to adopt a child regardless of whether the child is biologically related or not to either parent.
In February 2006, France's Court of Cassation ruled that both partners in a same-sex relationship can have parental rights over one partner's biological child.
The result came from a case where a woman tried to give parental rights of her two daughters to her partner, with whom she was in a civil union.
In the case of adoption, however, in February 2007, the same court ruled against a lesbian couple where one partner tried to adopt the child of the other partner.
On 17 May 2013, French President François Hollande signed into law the bill that opened marriage and adoption rights linked to it for same sex couples.
The case was appealed before the administrative courts and ended before the Council of State, acting as supreme administrative court, which ruled against the woman.
The European Court of Human Rights concluded that these actions and this ruling were a violation of Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights taken in conjunction with Article 8.
On 2 June 2006, the Icelandic Parliament unanimously passed a proposal accepting adoption, parenting and assisted insemination treatment for same-sex couples on the same basis as heterosexual couples.
However, in October 2013 members of parliament opposed to the bill proposed a referendum on the issue and killed a motion to have the second vote in the plenary; the motion on the possible referendum was then considered, but the Constitutional Court declared it unconstitutional.
On 20 November 2015, 5 proposals from several left-wing parties were voted favourably by the new parliament as result of 4 October General Elections.
A partner who is not a biological parent of a child can share parental responsibilities with a biological parent or parents if they agree to it, or if the court decides it is in the best interest of a child.
A partner who is not a biological parent can also gain permanent parental responsibilities through an institution of partner-guardian if both biological parents of a child have died, or exceptionally if a second biological parent of a child is unknown, and if the court decides it is in the best interest of a child.
In January 2015, the Constitutional Court of Austria found the existing laws on adoption to be unconstitutional and ordered the laws to be changed by 31 December 2015 to allow joint adoption by same-sex couples in Austria.
On 6 April 2015, the Children and Family Relationships Bill 2015 passed by Parliament in March 2015 which extends full adoption rights to cohabiting couples and those in civil partnerships was promulgated by the President of Ireland.
On 20 November 2015 the Portuguese Parliament approved; by 141 votes against 87 with 2 abstentions; a diploma presented by all the parties (except the right-wing PàF) to allow same-sex adoption.
On 26 January 2016, the conservative Portuguese President Anibal Cavaco Silva vetoed the bill and a week later the Portuguese Parliament overridden the veto.
On 22 June 2016 the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation upheld a lower court's decision to approve a request for a lesbian to adopt her partner's daughter.
The Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013, which came into force on 19 August 2013, allowed same-sex marriage and permitted married same-sex couples to jointly adopt children.
Currently there are no specific barriers preventing an LGBT individual from adopting children, except that a male individual cannot adopt a female child.
The same-sex marriage law became effective from 19 August 2013, and since then married same-sex couples were able to adopt children jointly.
Unmarried couples of any sex and couples in a civil union can now jointly adopt children, under a New Zealand High Court ruling in December 2015.
The minimum age to adopt in New Zealand is 20 years for a related child, and 25 years or the child's age plus 20 years (whichever is greater) for an unrelated child.
As the popularity of large game hunting began to decline, Weimaraners were used for hunting smaller animals like fowl, rabbits and foxes.
The name comes from the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Karl August, whose court, located in the city of Weimar (now in the state of Thuringia in modern-day Germany), enjoyed hunting.
In countries where this is still carried out, the docked tail should measure approximately 6 inches in the adult dog, and this is part of the American Kennel Club breed standard.
The British Kennel Club breed standard describes a tail reaching to the hocks and carried below the level of the back when relaxed, and the German breed club standard calls for a full tail that is strong and well coated, which can be carried above the line of the back when the dog is working.
The coat is extremely low-maintenance, short, hard, and smooth to the touch, and may range from charcoal-blue to mouse-grey to silver-grey or even blue-grey.
Where the fur is thin or non-existent, inside the ears or on the lips for example, the skin should be pinkish rather than white or black.
In November 2009 and January 1, 2010, the United Kennel Club (UKC) removed the disqualification from both Blue and Longhair Weimaraners.
It may tolerate cats but usually does not, tending to follow the urge to huntno matter how long it has known a particular catand likely to chase and kill any small animal that enters the garden.
They have a very strong desire to work and live with their owners, making the breed a good choice for the novice hunter.
The causes of separation anxiety are not always known, but there are precluding factors including genetics, litter rearing, dominance, submission, boredom and stress.
The breed is ranked 102nd of 153 total breeds and has a very high test rate and a very high percentage of excellent rating among those dogs tested.
It is generally recommended to acquire Weimaraners only from breeders who have their dogs' hips tested using OFA or PennHIP methods.
As a deep-chested dog, the Weimaraner is prone to bloat or gastric torsion, a very serious condition that can cause painful and rapid death when left untreated.
It occurs when the stomach twists itself, thereby pinching off blood vessels and the routes of food traveling in or out.
One way to help prevent bloat is to spread out the Weimaraner's feedings to at least twice daily and to avoid any vigorous exercise an hour before or after meals.
It is also recommended that the dog's feeding dish not be placed on a raised platform to discourage it from gobbling its food too quickly and keep air from entering the stomach.
Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley.
With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.The many vegeterian dishes are seasonal, with the five spices,mustard and poppy seed paste or posto often gracing them.The Bengali loves good food and can discuss its virtue for hours.Adda or talks over cups of tea and snacks is a favourite way Bengalis meet up with family and friends.
Founded by actor/director John Polson, Tropfest began in 1993 as a screening for 200 people at the 'Tropicana Caffe' in Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia, but has since become the largest platform for short films in the world.
Tropfest Australia usually takes place in February each year in Sydney and it has been broadcast live via free-to-air television as well as global streaming and catch up.
After much support on social media, Tropfest founder Polson announced in early December 2015 that extra funding had been sourced, and the festival took place in Centennial Park on Sunday, 14 February 2016.
In August 2016 it was announced that from February 2017 Sydney's Tropfest would be held in Parramatta in western Sydney, in Parramatta Park.
Created by Australian-born filmmaker John Polson, the first festival was held in 1993 and was originally called the Tropicana Short Film Festival.
Selection of the winning Tropfest film takes place live on the night of the festival by a panel of high-profile industry and celebrity judges, in addition to the previous year's winner.
Past judges have included Nicole Kidman, Cate Blanchett, Naomi Watts, Toni Collette, Rose Byrne, Geoffrey Rush, Russell Crowe, John Woo, Samuel L. Jackson, Baz Luhrmann, Keanu Reeves, Sam Neill, Ewan McGregor, Jane Campion, Salma Hayek, George Miller Susan Sarandon and Gabriel Byrne.
Movie Extra used to be the primary sponsor of Tropfest Australia, which is now supported by CGU, Holden, Parramatta City Council, Screen Australia, WSU, Parramatta Park and Melrose Park, New South Wales|Melrose Park.
The festival attracts a wide degree of media coverage but it is the casual, grassroots nature of the event, rather than its high profile, which ensures the continued support of its patrons and guests.
Notable alumni include filmmakers and actors such as Alister Grierson, Rowan Woods, Clayton Jacobson, Alethea Jones, Joel Edgerton, Daina Reid, Nash Edgerton, Peter Carstairs, Rob Carlton, Rebel Wilson, Sam Worthington, Robert Connolly, Leon Ford, Justin Drape, Tim Bullock and Elissa Down.
The main event from 1993 to 2016 took place in Sydney but live satellite events have also been staged in Melbourne, Canberra, Brisbane, Adelaide, Hobart, Perth and other cities.
The event has been broadcast live on television by ABC Comedy, Movie Network, SBS and other networks and webcast to viewers around Australia and the world.
In August 2016 it was announced that, beginning in February 2017, the venue would be moved to Parramatta in western Sydney.
Tropfest has expanded to locations around the world including Japan, Turkey, Africa, Abu Dhabi, London, Berlin, Toronto, Bangkok, and New York City.
The inaugural Tropfest Arabia, encompassing approximately 33 countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa, took place in Abu Dhabi in November 2011.
Tropfest launched into the United States in June 2012, with a weekend-long event in Las Vegas and a fully-fledged Tropfest New York competition in New York on 23 June 2012 at Manhattan's Bryant Park.
Each year there are hundreds and hundreds of entries featuring the TSI and every year 16 finalists are screened in public to a huge live audience in Sydney.
In April 2007, Tropfest formed a partnership with PBL Media which would see festival content archived and screened across various PBL properties and brands.
A new feature in 2009 was the live national broadcast of Tropfest and screening of the finalist films on the Movie Extra channel.
Tropfest Australia 2011 was the largest Tropfest ever staged, and reached a national audience of approximately 1,000,000 people (not including the internet).
Prior to the first full Tropfest New York competition in June 2012, Tropfest held annual New York screenings between 2006 and 2008.
Over a weekend in June 2012, The Cosmopolitan in Las Vegas celebrated Tropfest's 20th anniversary, culminating in a screening of the best 16 films from the past two decades in the Tropfest All Star Competition.
Hosted by Hugh Jackman and including musical performances by Alexi Murdoch and Milagres, the festival attracted a crowd of approximately 10,000.
Tropfest has one of the most successful channels on YouTube, having attracted more than 45,000,000 video views for its films in a relatively short time period.
In February 2013 festival founder John Polson announced a change of date to 8 December and a change of venue from the Domain to Centennial Park.
Commercial entertainment services agency The Intersection, who was retained in 2014 by Tropfest issued a statement on Facebook stating its relationship with Tropfest ended in 2014 over a pay dispute.
An outpouring of support for Tropfest quickly appeared over social media, including Twitter and Facebook, with calls for generous benefactors, state or federal government support, or crowd-funding.
On 6 December Polson announced that the Sydney festival would be held in its intended venue, Centennial Park on Sunday, 14 February 2016.
Mid-stream operation is the operation of loading and unloading cargo containers at the container ship while at sea, with barges or dumb steel lighters performing the transfer, distribution or landing of containers to piers nearby.
Although mid-stream operation has the significant advantage of low costs, it has been criticized for its dangerous operation where cargoes are transferred between two ships on sea, which make it very difficult to operate.
Mid-stream operation has been abandoned almost everywhere except Hong Kong, where land is insufficient and the fees for using the container pier are quite high.
In Hong Kong, mid-stream operations occur at 12 different locations occupying a total land area of 34.6 hectares and water frontage of 3,513 metres.
This practice was eventually phased out to avoid confusing the provincial leaders with the federal prime minister, as well as to indicate the distinct nature of the provincial offices.
Under Canada's system of responsible government, the premier is both a member of the provincial legislative assembly and the head of the executive.
The premier normally holds a seat in the legislative assembly, being elected in one of the electoral constituencies of the province.
The leader of the party which commands a majority in the assembly is then legally appointed the premier by the lieutenant governor, representing the Canadian monarch in right of the province.
While most often the leader of the largest party in the provincial legislature is invited to become premier, this is not always the case, the most recent occurring after the 2018 general election in New Brunswick.
In many ways they remain the most effective representatives of provincial interests to the federal government, as parliament's strong party discipline and other factors have impaired provincial representation there.
The Meech Lake Accord proposed that these meetings be constitutionally mandated, and some premiers have even proposed that these meetings become a formal branch of government, active in the legislative process (see Council of the Federation).
Canada's first and sixth prime ministers (Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Charles Tupper) had also been co-premier and premier of British provinces that became part of Canada, but no one who has led a victorious general election campaign in a Canadian province has ever been prime minister.
The Premier of Yukon is chosen in the usual fashion, but the premiers of Nunavut and Northwest Territories are selected from within the small and non-partisan elected territorial councils.
The competitive film festival draws international and local attention, with films being showcased in several venues across the city centre and includes features, documentaries, short films, retrospectives, films for families and animations.
Influenced by the experience of Australian film makers with the Edinburgh Film Festival since 1947 and the festival connected with the annual meeting of the Australian Council of Film Societies held at Olinda in the Dandenong Ranges, Victoria in 1952, later Melbourne International Film Festival, a committee sprang from the Film Users Association of New South Wales to establish a film festival in Sydney.
The committee included Alan Stout, Professor of Philosophy at The University of Sydney, filmmakers John Heyer and John Kingsford Smith, and Federation of Film Societies secretary David Donaldson.
Under the direction of Donaldson, the inaugural festival opened on 11 June 1954 and was held over four days, with screenings at Sydney University.
The following year, the program expanded to seventeen days and by 1960 exceeded 2,000 subscribers with the introduction of the Opening Night feature film and party.
Censorship difficulties arose in the mid-1960s and continued until such time as the festival was granted exemption from censorship in 1971.
The historic State Theatre became the home of the festival in 1974, and remains one of the festival venues to date.
In 2007, the festival introduced a series of live gigs, shows and cabaret-style screening at the nearby Metro Theatre, to expand the festival beyond the traditional cinema experience, and allow a platform for emerging technological innovations in the world of film.
Films are now shown at venues across the Sydney central business district, with films shown at the Dendy Opera Quays, Event Cinemas in George Street, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney Town Hall, the Museum of Contemporary Art as well as the State.
Members of the audience can purchase a subscription to the State Theatre for the full two weeks but the number of single session tickets, as well as FlexiPasses of ten, twenty and thirty tickets, has been increasing since introduced in 2001.
In 2007 a new FlexiPass, the FlexiDiscovery, was introduced for people aged 18–24, to encourage young people to discover the film festival.
Although a small number of prizes existed from the mid–1980s, prior to 2007, the Sydney Film Festival was classified by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations (FIAPF) as a Non-Competitive Feature Film Festival.
On 10 September 2007, the Festival announced it had received funding from the New South Wales government to host an official international competition, which rewarded 'new directions in film'.
Campas, whose brother Armando was also a respected professional fighter, began his professional career on July 7, 1987 at the age of fifteen, by knocking out Gaby Vega in the first round at Ciudad Obregón, Sonora.
His first thirteen fights were all won by knockout, and he built a record of 56-0 with 50 knockout wins by the time the IBF had him ranked as their number one world title challenger.
He won the NABF one on his first fight abroad, defeating Roger Turner by a twelve-round decision in Las Vegas, Nevada, on June 19, 1992.
Campas also beat former world champion Jorge Vaca by a knockout in round two at Tijuana, before receiving his first world title fight, September 17 of 1994 against Félix Trinidad for the IBF welterweight title, as part of a Pay Per View undercard that featured Julio César Chávez's rematch against Meldrick Taylor for the WBC light welterweight title.
Campas came back with seven straight wins, including one that gave him the WBO's regional NABO welterweight title, when he knocked out former world champion Genaro Leon in three rounds, August 7 of 1995.
On September 6, 1996, he was given a second world title try, against José Luis Lopez, for the WBO welterweight title, in Los Angeles, California.
Campas then decided to campaign in the light middleweight division, beating Fidel Avendano by a knockout in round two in his first fight there.
Campas had four straight wins before challenging for a world title again, this time against the IBF light middleweight champion Raul Marquez.
He defended his title three times, beating Anthony Stephens by a knockout in three at Ledyard, Connecticut, Pedro Ortega by technical knockout in eleven at Tijuana, and former Trinidad opponent Larry Barnes by knockout in three in Las Vegas.
On December 12 of 1998, however, he lost the title, after retiring in his corner in the seventh round against Fernando Vargas at Las Vegas.
For his next fight, however, he became the first boxer to beat Tony Ayala, when Ayala was knocked out in round eight by Campas at San Antonio, Texas.
On March 16 of 2002, he received his next world title shot, for the vacant WBO light middleweight title, against Puerto Rico's Daniel Santos, once again in Las Vegas.
After one more knockout win, he tried to gain the WBC & WBA light middleweight titles against Oscar De La Hoya, on May 3, 2003, again, in Las Vegas.
Two days later, he returned to the ring after a ten-month layoff, defeating Dumont Dewey Welliver by a ten-round split decision.
Campas then suffered a mild upset, when he was beaten by the relatively unknown Eric Regan by decision in twelve rounds, at Oroville, California.
On 30 March 2012 Campas reached a significant milestone when he chalked up the 100th win of his career via a 2nd-round knockout of Mauro Lucero.
In linear algebra and functional analysis, a projection is a linear transformation formula_1 from a vector space to itself such that formula_2.
That is, whenever formula_1 is applied twice to any value, it gives the same result as if it were applied once (idempotent).
One can also consider the effect of a projection on a geometrical object by examining the effect of the projection on points in the object.
The operator formula_58 is also a projection as the range and kernel of formula_1 become the kernel and range of formula_58 and vice versa.
When the vector space formula_39 has an inner product and is complete (is a Hilbert space) the concept of orthogonality can be used.
Let formula_99 be a complete metric space with an inner product, and let formula_42 be a closed linear subspace of formula_99 (and hence complete as well).
For every formula_77 the following set of non-negative norms formula_103 has an infimum, and due to the completeness of formula_42 it is a minimum.
In the general case, we can have an arbitrary positive definite matrix formula_117 defining an inner product formula_118, and the projection formula_119 is given by formula_120.
All these formulas also hold for complex inner product spaces, provided that the conjugate transpose is used instead of the transpose.
These projections are also used to represent spatial figures in two-dimensional drawings (see oblique projection), though not as frequently as orthogonal projections.
Whereas calculating the fitted value of an ordinary least squares regression requires an orthogonal projection, calculating the fitted value of an instrumental variables regression requires an oblique projection.
Projections are defined by their null space and the basis vectors used to characterize their range (which is the complement of the null space).
Let the vectors formula_132 form a basis for the range of the projection, and assemble these vectors in the formula_133 matrix formula_127.
Let formula_137 form a basis for the orthogonal complement of the null space of the projection, and assemble these vectors in the matrix formula_126.
There is a theorem in Linear Algebra that states that this formula_152 is the shortest distance from formula_78 to formula_4 and is commonly used in areas such as machine learning.
Any projection formula_28 on a vector space of dimension formula_156 over a field is a diagonalizable matrix, since its minimal polynomial divides formula_157, which splits into distinct linear factors.
When the underlying vector space formula_175 is a (not necessarily finite-dimensional) normed vector space, analytic questions, irrelevant in the finite-dimensional case, need to be considered.
If formula_175 is the direct sum formula_179, then the operator defined by formula_180 is still a projection with range formula_42 and kernel formula_4.
If there exists a closed subspace formula_4 such that , then the projection formula_1 with range formula_42 and kernel formula_4 is continuous.
In general, given a closed subspace formula_42, there need not exist a complementary closed subspace formula_4, although for Hilbert spaces this can always be done by taking the orthogonal complement.
More generally, given a map between normed vector spaces formula_225 one can analogously ask for this map to be an isometry on the orthogonal complement of the kernel: that formula_226 be an isometry (compare Partial isometry); in particular it must be onto.
The Shebelle River (, , , ) begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu.
During most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River, while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus the Somali Sea.
The Shebelle River has a rich history of a once-booming sophisticated civilization and trade network conducted by the powerful Somalis that held sway over the Shebelle river.
During the middle ages Shebelle river was under the Ajuran Empire of the Horn of Africa which utilized the Shebelle River for its plantations and was the only hydraulic empire in Africa.
A hydraulic empire that rose in the 13th century AD, Ajuran monopolized the water resources of the Jubba and Shebelle Rivers.
Through hydraulic engineering, it also constructed many of the limestone wells and cisterns of the state that are still operative and in use today.
Its rulers developed new systems for agriculture and taxation, which continued to be used in parts of the Horn of Africa as late as the 19th century.
Through their control of the region's wells, the Garen rulers effectively held a monopoly over their nomadic subjects as they were the only hydraulic empire in Africa during their reign.
The centralized regulations of the wells made it easier for the nomads to settle disputes by taking their queries to government officials who would act as mediators.
Today, numerous ruined and abandoned towns throughout the interior of Somalia and the Horn of Africa are evidence of a once-booming inland trade network dating from the medieval period.
With the centralized supervision of the Ajuran, farms in Afgooye, Bardhere and other areas in the Jubba and Shabelle valleys increased their productivity.
The urban centers of Mogadishu, Merca, Barawa, Kismayo and Hobyo and other respective ports became profitable trade outlets for commodities originating from the interior of the State.
The Somali farming communities of the hinterland from Jubba and Shebella valleys brought their crops to the Somali coastal cities, where they were sold to local merchants who maintained a lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to and coming from Arabia, Persia, India, Venice, Egypt, Portugal, and as far away as Java and China.
It is surrounded by a sacred enclosure wooded with juniper trees, which as of 1951 was under the protection of a Muslim member of the Arsi.
In 1989, with the help of Soviet engineers, the Melka Wakena dam was built on the upper reaches of the Shebelle River in the Bale Mountains.
On 23 October 1999, the river unexpectedly flooded in the middle of the night, destroying homes and crops in 14 out of the 117 kebeles in Kelafo woreda, as well as 29 of the 46 kebeles in neighboring Mustahil woreda.
According to the local authorities, 34 people and an estimated 750 livestock died, with 70,000 affected by the floods and in need of assistance.
Following the British failure in the Second Battle of Gaza, the Egyptian Expeditionary Force underwent a major rearrangement with the appointment of General Edmund Allenby as the new Commander-in-Chief.
Following Beersheba on 6 November, the corps made a frontal assault against the Turkish fortifications in the vicinity of Sheria where the 10th, 60th and 74th Divisions succeeded in breaking through.
The 10th Division captured the Hareira Redoubt on 7 November and the 60th Division advanced on Huj in support of the Australian Mounted Division's effort to cut off the retreating Turkish army.
It makes efforts to differentiate itself from the larger National Rifle Association (NRA) and has publicly criticized the NRA on multiple occasions for what it considers to be compromising on gun rights.
This quote from Paul has long been displayed prominently on the home page of the Gun Owners of America website, and Paul was the only 2008 presidential candidate to receive an A+ grade from Gun Owners of America.
Gun Owners of America was founded in 1975 by the NRA board member and California state senator H. L. Richardson when legislation to ban all handguns was introduced in California.
GOA's current executive director as of 2018 is Erich Pratt, son of the previous director Larry Pratt, who also hosts GOA's audio webcast, Live Fire.
According to Gun Owners of America 's official website, its board contends that Americans have lost some of their gun rights, and GOA strives to get them back.
For 30 years, Gun Owners of America has been building a nationwide network of lawyers to aid in challenging gun control legislation in the courts.
Gun Owners of America has been involved in legal proceedings in almost every state in the hopes of maintaining and advancing pro-gun legislation and rights.
By its own account, Gun Owners of America spent over $1.75 million lobbying Congress in 2004, and over $18 million between 1998 and 2004.
Its main objective is to hold seminars around the country to inform the public, media outlets, and various government officials on Second Amendment issues.
The public service announcements focus mainly on trying to persuade their target audience, American adults in gun owning households, to not lock up fire arms, but instead to keep them ready and accessible.
Gun Owners of America was worried that with the Democratic Party majority in the 111th Congress, having Obama alongside Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (both rated F− by the GOA), will mean Second Amendment–protected rights could be affected.
The group claimed the bill ( and S 2084) would give authorities—including courts, psychiatrists, and in some cases psychologists—the ability to revoke the Second Amendment rights of veterans who had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.
On June 6, 1995, Gun Owners of America helped in lobbying the House of Representatives to vote against the Moran Amendment, by a vote of 278 to 149.
On July 13, 2006, Senator David Vitter saw an 84–16 vote for his amendment prohibiting the use of federal money for federal agents to confiscate weapons during a declared state of emergency.
According to Gun Owners of America, the amendment blocked the Federal Communications Commission's ability to use the Fairness Doctrine to limit the free speech allowed by organizations like Gun Owners of America over the airwaves.
On August 9, 2007, Gun Owners of America supported Vitter's work in pushing through a bill stating that no U.S. funds can be used by the United Nations or any group affiliated with the United Nations to restrict or tax Second Amendment rights.
Once the funds were attempted to be used for gun buybacks, DeMint pushed through an amendment to the act stating that the money cannot be used for any anti-gun programs.
In addition to the many resident birds, a considerable number of migratory species winter in the country to escape their northern breeding grounds.
The other resident species are also found in the nearby Indian mainland, but over 80 have developed distinct Sri Lankan races.
The dry zone is largest of the three, covering more than half of the island, with a prolonged dry and hot period and only one monsoon (the north east monsoon from October to January).
The wet zone, with two monsoons, is in the south western quarter of the island, where the few remaining rain forests are found and humidity is high.
Most of the 26 endemic species are confined to the wet and the hill zones, with only a few extending into the dry zone as well.
These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers; however, their feet are placed far back on their bodies, making them quite ungainly on land.
They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes.
Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings.
Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head.
Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Plumage colouration varies; the majority of species have mainly dark plumage, but some are pied black and white, and a few are more colourful.
They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits.
Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible.
All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens.
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns.
They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage.
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks.
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish.
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young.
The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large.
Barranquitas () is a small mountain municipality located in the central region of Puerto Rico, south of Corozal and Naranjito; north of Coamo and Aibonito; west of Comerío and Cidra; and east of Orocovis.
For years, the overlook was used as a municipal garbage; in the last decade, the refuse was removed and the site restored.
The Municipality of Barranquitas is in the middle of the Cordillera Central of Puerto Rico, which is the main mountain range that crosses the island from west to east.
The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as , near the center of the municipality.
It is intended to have municipalities work together to safeguard and create resilient, and efficient energy networks, with backups for their communities.
Barranquitas is the burial place of two prominent Puerto Rican politicians, Luis Muñoz Rivera (who was born in town) and his son, Governor Luis Muñoz Marín (who was born in San Juan).
Among those buried are Muñoz Rivera and his son and daughter-in-law, Luis Muñoz Marín, and his second wife Inés Mendoza de Muñoz.
Of the 742 places on the list of , the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods are in Barranquitas: El Amparo neighborhood, Cañabón barrio, La Vega neighborhood, Calle Abajo (Calle Melitón Pérez), La Loma, La Torre, Los Pinos, Quebrada Grande barrio, and Tres Caminos.
The United States took control of Puerto Rico from Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and conducted its first census of Puerto Rico, finding that the population of Barranquitas was 8,103.
To be exact, an upper Hessenberg matrix has zero entries below the first subdiagonal, and a lower Hessenberg matrix has zero entries above the first superdiagonal.
A square formula_1 matrix formula_2 is said to be in upper Hessenberg form or to be an upper Hessenberg matrix if formula_3 for all formula_4 with formula_5.
A square formula_1 matrix formula_2 is said to be in lower Hessenberg form or to be an lower Hessenberg matrix if its transpose formula_10 is an upper Hessenberg matrix or equivalently if formula_3 for all formula_4 with formula_13.
The matrix formula_2 is an upper unreduced Hessenberg matrix, formula_20 is a lower unreduced Hessenberg matrix and formula_21 is a lower Hessenberg matrix but is not unreduced.
Many linear algebra algorithms require significantly less computational effort when applied to triangular matrices, and this improvement often carries over to Hessenberg matrices as well.
If the constraints of a linear algebra problem do not allow a general matrix to be conveniently reduced to a triangular one, reduction to Hessenberg form is often the next best thing.
In fact, reduction of any matrix to a Hessenberg form can be achieved in a finite number of steps (for example, through Householder's algorithm of unitary similarity transforms).
In eigenvalue algorithms, the Hessenberg matrix can be further reduced to a triangular matrix through Shifted QR-factorization combined with deflation steps.
Reducing a general matrix to a Hessenberg matrix and then reducing further to a triangular matrix, instead of directly reducing a general matrix to a triangular matrix, often economizes the arithmetic involved in the QR algorithm for eigenvalue problems.
It commonly occurs as the generalization of the Jacobi operator to a system of orthogonal polynomials for the space of square-integrable holomorphic functions over some domain -- that is, a Bergman space.
While originally seen exclusively in hybrid electric applications such as the earlier-generation Toyota Prius, later hybrids and some non-hybrid vehicles now feature engines with variable valve timing, which can run in the Atkinson cycle as a part-time operating regimen, giving good economy while running in Atkinson cycle, and conventional power density when running as a conventional, Otto cycle engine.
The reciprocating engine had the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes of the four-stroke cycle in a single turn of the crankshaft, and was designed to avoid infringing certain patents covering Otto-cycle engines.
The common thread throughout Atkinson's designs is that the engines have an expansion stroke that is longer than the compression stroke, and by this method the engine achieves greater thermal efficiency than a traditional piston engine.
Miller applied this technique to the four-stroke engine, so it is sometimes referred as the Atkinson/Miller cycle, US patent 2817322 dated Dec 24, 1957.
The first implementation of the Atkinson cycle was in 1882; unlike later versions, it was arranged as an opposed piston engine, the Atkinson differential engine.
In this, a single crankshaft was connected to two opposed pistons through a toggle-jointed linkage that had a nonlinearity; for half a revolution, one piston remained almost stationary while the other approached it and returned, and then for the next half revolution, the second-mentioned piston was almost stationary while the first approached and returned.
Thus, in each revolution, one piston provided a compression stroke and a power stroke, and then the other piston provided an exhaust stroke and a charging stroke.
As the power piston remained withdrawn during exhaust and charging, it was practical to provide exhaust and charging using valves behind a port that was covered during the compression stroke and the power stroke, and so the valves did not need to resist high pressure and could be of the simpler sort used in many steam engines, or even reed valves.
The Utilite operates much like a standard two-stroke except that the exhaust port is located at about the middle of the stroke.
During the expansion/power stroke, a cam-operated valve (which remains closed until the piston nears the end of the stroke) prevents pressure from escaping as the piston moves past the exhaust port.
The exhaust valve is opened near the bottom of the stroke; it remains open as the piston heads back toward compression, letting fresh air charge the cylinder and exhaust escape until the port is covered by the piston.
The goal of the modern Atkinson cycle is to make the pressure in the combustion chamber at the end of the power stroke equal to atmospheric pressure.
For any given portion of air, the greater expansion ratio converts more energy from heat to useful mechanical energy—meaning the engine is more efficient.
Due to a smaller portion of the compression stroke being devoted to compressing the intake air, an Atkinson-cycle engine does not take in as much air as would a similarly designed and sized Otto-cycle engine.
Four-stroke engines of this type that use the same type of intake valve motion but using forced induction to make up for the loss of power density are known as Miller-cycle engines.
This type of engine retains the one power phase per revolution, together with the different compression and expansion volumes of the original Atkinson cycle.
Disadvantages of this design include the requirement that rotor tips seal very tightly on the outer housing wall and the mechanical losses suffered through friction between rapidly oscillating parts of irregular shape.
While a modified Otto-cycle piston engine using the Atkinson cycle provides good fuel efficiency, it is at the expense of a lower power-per-displacement as compared to a traditional four-stroke engine.
If demand for more power is intermittent, the power of the engine can be supplemented by an electric motor during times when more power is needed.
These electric motors can be used independently of, or in combination with, the Atkinson-cycle engine, to provide the most efficient means of producing the desired power.
The 1887 patent (US 367496) describes the mechanical linkages necessary to obtain all four strokes of the four-stroke cycle for a gas engine within one revolution of the crankshaft.
Pak Tea House is an intellectual tea–café located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan known for its association with progressive academics and left-leaning South Asian intelligentsia.
Traditionally frequented by country's notably artistic, cultural and literary personalities, it was founded by a Sikh family in 1940 and quickly acquired its current name after it was leased to one of the locals in Lahore after the partition of India in 1947.
After his death, his son Zahid Hasan managed the cafe and restaurant, but due to reducing customers, it was closed in 2000.
Attendees including were: Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Agha Shorish Kashmiri, Ibn-e-Insha, Ahmed Faraz, Saadat Hasan Manto, Ahmad Rahi, Muneer Niazi, Meeraji, Kamal Ahmed Rizvi, Nasir Kazmi, Professor Sayyid Sajjad Rizavi, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Dr. Muhammad Baqir, Intezar Hussain and Syed Qasim Mahmood.
The house became a birthplace of the influential literary movement, the Progressive Writers' Association, which had been known for left-wing politics since its early foundation.
Many writers frequented it, and it was also a favourite haunt of the section of Lahore youths with non-mainstream points of view.
In 1999, it was closed by its owner due to a lack of business, a decision criticized by the intellectual community of Lahore.
It remained closed for 13 years until 2 February 2012 when, on the orders of the Lahore commissioner, Pak Tea House was again put under the control of the YMCA.
In June 2012, the government of Punjab announced its intention to reopen the Pak Tea House, where it would support itself.
Rather than arranging the blocks together to make a row of disappearing blocks, a spaceship positioned at the bottom of the screen shoots blocks upwards to make the falling block pattern into squares or rectangles.
Once the blocks have been arranged properly, the shape is destroyed and the player is awarded points based on the shape's size.
In the arcade, this was demonstrated via a split screen with Player 1 on the left and Player 2 on the right.
For the Game Boy, multiplayer required the Game Boy Link Cable with each player able to view only their fields on their own Game Boys.
The MSX2 and Famicom versions had two different 2-player modes: Mode A, where both players worked together on the same game, and Mode B which was the same as the arcade split-screen game.
The Magellanic subpolar forests () are a terrestrial ecoregion of southernmost South America, covering parts of southern Chile and Argentina, and are part of the Neotropic ecozone.
The Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregion lies to the west of the Andes Mountains, which run north-south for most of their length but curve eastward near the southern tip of South America, terminating at the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego.
The Magellanic ecoregion was covered by glaciers during the last ice age, and the landscape is deeply dissected by fjords, with numerous islands, inlets, and channels, including the Strait of Magellan, which separates Tierra del Fuego from the South American mainland and is the route taken by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan from the South Atlantic to the South Pacific.
North of roughly 48° south latitude lies the Valdivian temperate rain forests ecoregion, which shares many affinities with the Magellanic ecoregion in plant and animal life.
To the east lie the drier temperate grasslands and shrublands ecoregions of Patagonia, which are in the rain shadow of the Andean and Fuegian mountains.
The Andean and Fuegan mountains intercept moisture-laden westerly winds, creating temperate rain forest conditions, while the cold oceanic Humboldt Current, which runs up the west coast of South America, and the cold Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which runs from west to east through the Southern Ocean, keep the Magellanic ecoregion cool and wet, and the strong oceanic influence moderates seasonal temperature extremes.
Average annual temperatures vary from in the north to in the south and annual rainfall from in the west to in the east.
The Magellanic ecoregion does not have the same species richness as the milder Valdivian ecoregion, both on account of its colder climate and its recent glaciation.
The advancing glaciers caused the forests to retreat far to the north, and the region was gradually reforested starting about 10,000 years ago when the climate warmed and the glaciers began retreating.
High rainfall of /year is typical of the moorland, as are cool temperatures, strong winds, bad drainage conditions, and rocky ground with generally thin soil.
Most of the moorland consists of a mosaic of low-growing plants, including dwarf shrubs and wind-sheared trees, cushion plants, grasses, and mosses.
Farther from the ocean, in more moderate areas less exposed to the oceanic wind and rain, moorland yields to evergreen Magellanic rainforest.
As one moves further east, where rainfall decreases to /year, ' becomes less dominant and mixes with deciduous ' in the transition to the deciduous forest community.
When one reaches the drier rain shadow east of the mountains, the forests disappear, transitioning to the grassland ecoregions of Patagonia.
Due to these traits, Magellanic forests' tree species are exported to other parts of the world such as the Faroe Islands and neighboring archipelagos with similar conditions where trees from other biomes in the world cannot grow.
As a general rule, Fueguian trees show better signs of acclimation than those from Continental Northern Europe to conditions in the Faroe Islands.
The Magellanic subpolar forests are home to the southern pudú, the world's smallest deer, which stands only 35–45 cm (14–18 inches) high at the shoulder.
Endemic rodents include the Patagonian mara, the long-clawed mole mouse, and the viscacha, a small rodent that looks almost like a rabbit with a long, bushy tail.
Although a general tridiagonal matrix is not necessarily symmetric or Hermitian, many of those that arise when solving linear algebra problems have one of these properties.
Many linear algebra algorithms require significantly less computational effort when applied to diagonal matrices, and this improvement often carries over to tridiagonal matrices as well.
Closed form solutions can be computed for special cases such as symmetric matrices with all diagonal and off-diagonal elements equal or Toeplitz matrices and for the general case as well.
A real symmetric tridiagonal matrix has real eigenvalues, and all the eigenvalues are distinct (simple) if all off-diagonal elements are nonzero.
Numerous methods exist for the numerical computation of the eigenvalues of a real symmetric tridiagonal matrix to arbitrary finite precision, typically requiring formula_10 operations for a matrix of size formula_11, although fast algorithms exist which (without parallel computation) require only formula_12.
As a side note, an unreduced symmetric tridiagonal matrix is a matrix containing non-zero off-diagonal elements of the tridiagonal, where the eigenvalues are distinct while the eigenvectors are unique up to a scale factor and are mutually orthogonal.
So, many eigenvalue algorithms, when applied to a Hermitian matrix, reduce the input Hermitian matrix to tridiagonal form as a first step.
It was among the first pieces of apartheid legislation to be passed following the National Party's rise to power in 1948.
Subsequent legislation, especially the Population Registration and Immorality Acts of 1950, facilitated its implementation by requiring all individuals living in South Africa to register as a member of one of four officially defined racial groups and prohibiting extramarital sexual relationships between people of different races.
Mixed race relationships occurred in South Africa as far back as 1652, and often took place between Dutch colonizers and indigenous South African women.
However, in the years immediately preceding the passing of this Act, mixed marriages accounted for just a small fraction of all marriages in South Africa, and occurred almost evenly between the four defined racial groups (Black, Coloured, White, and Asiatic).
Enforcement of the act was left to the police, who often followed people to their homes to ensure they were not in violation and raided the homes of those believed to be in a mixed marriage.
The act applied to all mixed marriages between South Africans, so even marriages which took place in another country were not recognized within South Africa.
Anyone who knowingly officiated a marriage that violated the act was also subject to a punishment: a fine was imposed not exceeding 50 pounds.
Some of the social consequences of entering into a mixed-race marriage included being ostracized from or ridiculed by one's family and community.
One example is a white South African sex worker named Ethal, who indicated that she felt more accepted by her peers when she was a sex worker than when she married a black African man.
The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act of 1968 updated the original legislation to invalidate interracial marriages involving a South African citizen that were contracted in other countries.
The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act was repealed by the Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act, 1985, which was passed during the presidency of P. W. Botha.
Burns' father was in the army and was ordered to Fort Shafter in Hawaii, so in 1913 he and his family moved to Hawaii, and eventually to Kalihi.
She joined the Postal Service, and with the help of her brother, became postmaster for Fort Shafter and a clerk at the Honolulu Post office.
In Kansas he attended Immaculata High School in Leavenworth, then transferred to St. Benedict High School (now Maur Hill – Mount Academy) in Atchison.
Burns' work as a sympathetic police officer, building close ties with working class folks from numerous ethnic groups, notably Japanese and native Hawaiians.
From 1948 he led the Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954, through various leadership positions in the territorial Democratic Party, culminating in being chair of the territorial party in 1952.
He is credited with building a coalition for the Democratic Party that included the Communist Party, 442nd Regimental Combat Team veterans, ILWU, other organized labor groups, and Japanese Americans to strengthen the party.
As a delegate, Burns played a key role in lobbying for Hawaii statehood, a goal that was achieved on March 12, 1959, when the statehood bill was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
He sought to become the first governor of the newly formed state, but lost the election to Territorial Governor William F. Quinn.
His many achievements include the promotion of Hawaii as a center for oceanography, construction of the new State Capitol building, and expansion of the University of Hawaii, helping to transform it into a first-class university, attracting students and faculty from around the world and early planning for the construction of the Aloha Stadium to host university football and bowl games.
Finally, Governor Burns made Hawaii a leader in environmental management, establishing the Office of Environmental Quality Control, within the Governor's Office, to coordinate state environmental policy and to review environmental impact statements on all major state actions.
During his term as lieutenant governor, Gill, considered outspoken and acerbic, developed differences with Burns, and was never shy about criticizing the incumbent, despite being part of his administration.
He narrowly lost, even though Burns significantly outspent him in a savvy campaign that included sophisticated use of expensive image-building television spots.
Most in the state's large Japanese population remained loyal to Burns, who had spearheaded their rise to political power during the 1950s.
Before Neil Abercrombie lost in 2014 this race stood as the closest anyone came to a primary defeat of an incumbent governor of Hawaii.
In 1997, Governor Ben Cayetano named the newly completed Interstate H-3 in his honor, and the road to the summit of Mauna Kea is also named after him.
A special qualifier for the amateur team after the tournament will provide the medalist a chance to play in the Sony Open in Hawaii, a PGA Tour Event.
The Isetta is an Italian-designed microcar built under license in a number of different countries, including Argentina, Spain, Belgium, France, Brazil, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
Because of its egg shape and bubble-like windows, it became known as a bubble car, a name also given to other similar vehicles.
Small (only long by wide) and egg-shaped, with bubble-type windows, the entire front end of the car hinged outwards to allow entry.
The first prototypes had one wheel at the rear, but having a single rear wheel made the car prone to roll-overs, so the rear wheel layout was changed to two wheels set apart from each other.
In 1954, Iso entered several Isettas in the legendary Mille Miglia where they took the top three spots in the economy classification.
However, despite its initial success, the Isetta was beginning to slip in popularity at home, mainly due to renewed competition from Fiat with its 500C model.
BMW began talking with Rivolta in mid-1954 and bought not just a license but the complete Isetta body tooling as well.
After constructing some 1000 units, production of the Italian built cars ceased in 1955, but Iso continued to build the Isetta in Spain until 1958.
Since Iso had sold the body making equipment to BMW, VELAM developed their own body but used the original Iso engine.
The VELAM body was rounder and more egg-like than Iso's Isetta and was known by the French as the 'yogurt pot'.
Instead of a chassis like the Italian and German versions, there was a sub-frame bolted to the body at the rear, which held the rear tires, engine, and transmission.
The front door was opened by push button instead of a handle, and the speedometer was mounted in the center of the steering wheel.
VELAM started production of the car in 1955 at the old Talbot factory at Suresnes, France, and the car was introduced at the 1955 Paris car show.
Metalmecánica Company, joined the regime automotive manufacturing 1959, starting the assembly of licensed vehicles BMW (Isetta and BMW 700), in 1964, Metalmecánica redesigns the front and back of the De Carlo 700, becoming its first redesign made in Argentina, in 1965 begins to assemble under license of the French company SIMCA, the model Ariane.
In 1955, Iso licensed the Isetta to Romi, a machine-tool manufacturer headquartered in the city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, in the State of São Paulo.
The Isetta was chosen because it was considered an ideal vehicle for use in the cities by virtue of its size and economy.
The car had received government approval as a part of a state-supported drive to establish an automotive industry in Brazil, but ended up being built without government backing.
They kept the Iso design and used Iso engines until 1958; in 1959 they switched to the BMW 300 cc engines.
Although the major elements of the Italian design remained intact, BMW re-engineered much of the car, so much so that none of the parts between a BMW Isetta Moto Coupe and an Iso Isetta are interchangeable.
The car was also redesigned to take a modified version of the 250 cc four-stroke engine from the BMW R25/3 motorcycle and the front suspension was changed.
In addition to further changes of detail, the BMW engineers enlarged the sump for installation in the car and cooled the engine by means of a radial fan and shrouded ducting.
On the other side of it was a cardan shaft, and finally a second Hardy disc, which in turn was located at the entrance to a chain case.
A duplex chain running in an oil bath led finally to a rigid shaft, at each end of which were the two rear wheels.
Thanks to this elaborate power transfer, the engine-gearbox unit was both free of tension and well soundproofed in its linkage to the rear axle.
The first BMW Isetta rolled off the line in April 1955, and in the next eight months some 10,000 were produced.
Class IV licences issued from that time onward could only be used to operate small motorcycles and could no longer be used to operate motor vehicles with a capacity of less than 250 cc.
The engineers enlarged the single cylinder to a bore and stroke, which gave a displacement of exactly 298 cc; at the same time, they raised the compression ratio from 6.8 to 7.0:1.
The front end of the 600 was virtually unchanged from the Isetta, but the 600's wheelbase was stretched to accommodate four seats.
In 1957, Isetta of Great Britain began producing Isetta 300 models at their factory in the former Brighton railway works under licence from BMW.
The factory had no access by road, therefore components were delivered by rail and finished cars were shipped out the same way.
The British cars had right-hand drive with the door hinged from the right hand side of the car and the steering column moved across to the right as well.
Right-hand drive meant that both the driver and the engine were on the same side, so a counterweight was added to the left side to compensate.
Dunlop tyres were used, and Lucas electrics replaced the German Hella and Bosch components, with a different headlamp housing being used.
Although three-wheeled vehicles are more prone to rolling over, there was a financial advantage: they could evade automobile legislation and taxation by being classed as three-wheeled motorcycles, and could be driven with a motorcycle licence.
In 1962, Isetta of Great Britain also stopped production of the little cars but continued to produce Isetta engines until 1964.
Front suspension and steering were from the Bedford Rascal (later sold under the Vauxhall marque) or the original and almost identical Suzuki Supercarry light duty van or pick-up.
In 2016 Swiss entrepreneur Wim Ouboter, from Micro Mobility Systems, showed a proof-of-concept electric car called Microlino at the Geneva Motor Show, based on the original Isetta body design but with a new chassis and suspension.
Production of the vehicle in Italy was set to commence by the end of 2017, but was postponed to late 2018.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the leader of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century.
Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring misls (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim.
His legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship.
Ranjit Singh was born on 13 November 1780, to Maha Singh Sukerchakia and Raj Kaur – the daughter of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind, in Gujranwala, in the Majha region of Punjab (now in Pakistan).
His grand-daughters - the daughters of his son Duleep Singh - believed that their true ancestors belonged to the Sandhawalia family of Raja Sansi.
However, it is more likely that he belonged to a Jaat gotra named Sansi; the Sandhawalias, who claimed Rajput descent, belonged to the same gotra.
Ranjit Singh contracted smallpox as an infant, which resulted in the loss of sight in his left eye and a pockmarked face.
He was short in stature, never schooled, and did not learn to read or write anything beyond the Gurmukhi alphabet, however, he was trained at home in horse riding, musketry and other martial arts.
He then inherited his father's Sukerchakia misl estates and was raised by his mother Raj Kaur, who, along with Lakhpat Rai, also managed the estates.
The first attempt on his life was made when he was 13, by Hashmat Khan, but Ranjit Singh prevailed and killed the assailant instead.
At age 18, his mother died and Lakhpat Rai was assassinated, and thereon he was helped by his mother-in-law from his first marriage.
In his teens, Ranjit Singh took to alcohol, a habit that intensified in the later decades of his life, according to the chronicles of his court historians and the Europeans who visited him.
However, he neither smoked nor ate beef, and required all officials in his court, regardless of their religion, to adhere to these restrictions as part of their employment contract.
Some scholars note that the information on Ranjit Singh's marriages is unclear, and there is evidence that he had many mistresses.
At age 15, Ranjit Singh married his first wife Mehtab Kaur, the only daughter of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya and his wife Sada Kaur, and the granddaughter of Jai Singh Kanhaiya, the founder of the Kanhaiya Misl.
However, the marriage failed, with Mehtab Kaur never forgiving the fact that her father had been killed by Ranjit Singh's father and she mainly lived with her mother after marriage.
Raj Kaur (renamed Datar Kaur), the daughter of Sardar Ran Singh Nakai, the third ruler of Nakai Misl, was Ranjit Singh's second wife and the mother of his heir, Kharak Singh.
Ratan Kaur gave birth to Multana Singh in 1819, and Daya Kaur gave birth to Kashmira Singh in 1819 and to Pashaura Singh in 1821.
His other wives include Moran Sarkar in 1802, Chand Kaur in 1815, Lakshmi in 1820, Mehatab Kaur in 1822, Saman Kaur in 1832, as well as Guddan, Banso, Gulbahar, Gulab, Ram Devi, Rani, Bannat, Har and Danno before his last marriage.
Her father, Manna Singh Aulakh, extolled her virtues to Ranjit Singh, who was concerned about the frail health of his only heir, Kharak Singh.
This action, and other non-Sikh activities of the Maharaja, upset orthodox Sikhs, including the Nihangs, whose leader Akali Phula Singh was the Jathedar of the Akal Takht.
When Ranjit Singh visited Amritsar, he was called outside the Akal Takht, where he was made to apologise for his mistakes.
Akali Phula Singh took Ranjit Singh to a tamarind tree in front of the Akal Takht and prepared to punish him by flogging.
His first wife gave birth to Ishar Singh, who died at the age of two, and, after her separation from Ranjit Singh, to the twins Tara Singh and Sher Singh.
In the 1830s, Ranjit Singh suffered from numerous health complications as well as a stroke, which some historical records attribute to alcoholism and a failing liver.
Four of his wives, and seven concubines with royal titles committed sati by voluntarily placing themselves onto his funeral pyre as an act of devotion.
After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire fell apart and declined in its ability to tax or govern most of the Indian subcontinent.
In the northwestern region, particularly the Punjab, the creation of the Khalsa community of Sikh warriors by Guru Gobind Singh accelerated the decay and fragmentation of the Mughal power in the region.
Raiding Afghans attacked the Indus river valleys but met resistance from both organised armies of the Khalsa Sikhs as well as irregular Khalsa militias based in villages.
By the second half of the 18th century, the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent (now Pakistan and parts of north India) were a collection of fourteen small warring regions.
Ranjit Singh's fame grew in 1797, at age 17, when the Afghan Muslim ruler Shah Zaman, of the Ahmad Shah Abdali dynasty, attempted to annex Panjab region into his control through his general Shahanchi Khan and 12,000 soldiers.
The battle was fought in the territory that fell in Ranjit Singh controlled misl, whose regional knowledge and warrior expertise helped resist the invading army.
He let them enter Lahore, then encircled them with his army, blocked off all food and supplies, burnt all crops and food sources that could have supported the Afghan army.
On the day of his coronation, prayers were performed across mosques, temples and gurudwaras in his territories for his long life.
On 1 January 1806, Ranjit Singh signed a treaty with the British officials of the East India Company, in which he agreed that his Sikh forces would not attempt to expand south of the Sutlej river, and the Company agreed that it would not attempt to militarily cross the Sutlej river into the Sikh territory.
In 1807, Ranjit Singh's forces attacked the Muslim ruled misl of Kasur and, after a month of fierce fighting, defeated the Afghan chief Qutb-ud-Din, thus expanding his empire northwest towards Afghanistan.
In 1819, he successfully defeated the Afghan Sunni Muslim rulers and annexed Srinagar and Kashmir, stretching his rule into the north and the Jhelum valley, beyond the foothills of the Himalayas.
The most significant encounters between the Sikhs in the command of the Maharaja and the Afghans were in 1813, 1823, 1834 and in 1837.
In 1813, Ranjit Singh's general Dewan Mokham Chand led the Sikh forces against the Afghan forces of Shah Mahmud led by Dost Mohammad Khan.
In 1813–14, Ranjit Singh's first attempt to expand into Kashmir was foiled by Afghan forces led by General Azim Khan, due to a heavy downpour, the spread of cholera, and poor food supply to his troops.
In 1818, Darbar's forces led by Misr Dewan Chand occupied Multan, killing Muzaffar Khan and defeating his forces, leading to the end of Afghan influence in the Punjab.
In July 1818, an army from the Punjab defeated Jabbar Khan, a younger brother of governor of Kashmir Azim Khan, and acquired Kashmir, along with a yearly revenue of Rs seventy lacs.
In November 1819, Dost Mohammed accepted the sovereignty of the Maharaja over Peshawar, along with a revenue payment of Rs one lac a year.
In 1820 and 1821, Dera Ghazi Khan, Hazara and Mankera, with huge tracts of land between Jhelum and Indus, Singh Sagar Daob, were also annexed.
Prince Kashmira Singh, Peshaura Singh and Prince Multana Singh were born to Daya Kaur and Ratan Kaur, wives of Ranjit Singh.
In 1834, Mohammed Azim Khan once again marched towards Peshawar with an army of 25,000 Khattak and Yasufzai tribesmen in the name of jihad, to fight against infidels.
Yar Mohammad was pardoned and was reinvested as governor of Peshawar with an annual revenue of Rs one lac ten thousand to Lahore Darbar.
In 1837, the Battle of Jamrud and his march through Kabul in 1838, in cooperation with the colonial British army stationed in Sindh, became the last confrontation between the Sikhs led by him and the Afghans, which helped extend and establish the western boundaries of the Sikh Empire.
In 1838, Ranjit Singh with his troops marched into Kabul to take part in the victory parade along with the British after restoring Shah Shoja to the Afghan throne at Kabul.
The geographical reach of the Sikh Empire under Singh included all lands north of Sutlej river, and south of the high valleys of the northwestern Himalayas.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh allowed men from different religions and races to serve in his army and his government in various positions of authority.
His army included a few Europeans, such as Jean-François Allard, but he did not employ British people, who were attempting to create a colony in the Indian subcontinent.
Despite not employing them, he did maintain a diplomatic channel with the British; in 1828, he sent gifts to George IV and in 1831, he sent a mission to Simla to confer with the British Governor General, William Bentinck; while in 1838, he cooperated with them in removing the hostile Islamic Sultan in Afghanistan.
A devoted Sikh, Ranjit Singh restored and built historic Sikh Gurdwaras – most famously, the Harmandir Sahib, and used to celebrate his victories by offering thanks at the Harmandar.
He also joined the Hindus in their temples, prohibited cow slaughter out of respect for Hindu sentiments, and visited Sufi mosques and holy places.
Singh's sovereignty was accepted by Afghan and Punjabi Muslims, who fought under his banner against the Afghan forces of Nadir Shah and later of Azim Khan.
His court was ecumenical in composition: his prime minister, Dhian Singh, was a Dogra; his foreign minister, Fakir Azizuddin, was a Muslim; and his finance minister, Dina Nath, was a Brahmin.
Hindu Brahmins and people of all creeds and castes served his army, while the composition in his government also reflected a religious diversity.
However, the Khalsa army of Ranjit Singh reflected regional population, and as he grew his army, he dramatically increased the Rajput and Jat Sikhs who became the predominant members of his army.
In the Doaba region his army was composed of the Jat Sikhs, in Jammu and northern Indian hills it was Hindu Rajputs, while relatively more Muslims served his army in the Jhelum river area closer to Afghanistan than other major Panjab rivers.
He paid the members of the standing army from treasury, instead of the Mughal method of paying an army with local feudal levies.
This system of inconsistent taxation with arbitrary extortion by militia, continued the Mughal tradition of ill treatment of peasants and merchants throughout the Sikh Empire, and is evidenced by the complaints filed to Ranjit Singh by East India Company officials attempting to trade within different parts of the Sikh Empire.
According to historical records, states Sunit Singh, Ranjit Singh's reforms focused on military that would allow new conquests, but not towards taxation system to end abuse, nor about introducing uniform laws in his state or improving internal trade and empowering the peasants and merchants.
However, Ranjit Singh did not make major investments in other infrastructure such as irrigation canals to improve the productivity of land and roads.
The prosperity in his Empire, in contrast to the Mughal-Sikh wars era, largely came from the improvement in the security situation, reduction in violence, reopened trade routes and greater freedom to conduct commerce.
The mid 19th-century Muslim historians, such as Shahamat Ali who experienced the Sikh Empire first hand, presented a different view on Ranjit Singh's Empire and governance.
According to Ishtiaq Ahmed, Ranjit Singh's rule led to further persecution of Muslims in Kashmir, expanding the previously selective persecution of Shia Muslims and Hindus by Afghan Sunni Muslim rulers between 1752 and 1819 before Kashmir became part of his Sikh Empire.
Singh made his empire and the Sikhs a strong political force, for which he is deeply admired and revered in Sikhism.
However, his era also marked a general decline in religious and moral fervour towards a life of alcoholism and licentiousness, along with a demoralisation of the Sikh court and nobility.
He failed to establish a lasting structure for Sikh government or stable succession, and the Sikh Empire rapidly declined after his death.
Clive Dewey has argued that the decline of the empire after Singh's death owes much to the jagir-based economic and taxation system which he inherited from the Mughals and retained.
After his death, a fight to control the tax spoils emerged, leading to a power struggle among the nobles and his family from different wives.
This struggle ended with a rapid series of palace coups and assassinations of his descendants, and eventually the annexation of the Sikh Empire by the British.
He amassed considerable wealth, including gaining the possession of the Koh-i-Noor diamond from Shuja Shah Durrani of Afghanistan, which he left to Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha in 1839.
Much of the present decoration at the Harmandir Sahib, in the form of gilding and marblework, was introduced under the patronage of Singh, who also sponsored protective walls and water supply system to strengthen security and operations related to the temple.
He also directed construction of two of the most sacred Sikh temples, being the birthplace and place of assassination of Guru Gobind Singh - Takht Sri Patna Sahib and Takht Sri Hazur Sahib, respectively - whom he much admired.
In 1783, Ranjit Singh established a crafts colony of Thatheras near Amritsar and encouraged skilled metal crafters from Kashmir to settle in Jandiala Guru.
In the year 2014, this traditional craft of making brass and copper products got enlisted on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.
There are a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such as MUSH soft code.
The line between general-purpose languages and domain-specific languages is not always sharp, as a language may have specialized features for a particular domain but be applicable more broadly, or conversely may in principle be capable of broad application but in practice used primarily for a specific domain.
For example, Perl was originally developed as a text-processing and glue language, for the same domain as AWK and shell scripts, but was mostly used as a general-purpose programming language later on.
By contrast, PostScript is a Turing complete language, and in principle can be used for any task, but in practice is narrowly used as a page description language.
The design and use of appropriate DSLs is a key part of domain engineering, by using a language suitable to the domain at hand – this may consist of using an existing DSL or GPL, or developing a new DSL.
Creating a domain-specific language (with software to support it), rather than reusing an existing language, can be worthwhile if the language allows a particular type of problem or solution to be expressed more clearly than an existing language would allow and the type of problem in question reappears sufficiently often.
Pragmatically, a DSL may be specialized to a particular problem domain, a particular problem representation technique, a particular solution technique, or other aspects of a domain.
A domain-specific language is created specifically to solve problems in a particular domain and is not intended to be able to solve problems outside it (although that may be technically possible).
A domain-specific language is somewhere between a tiny programming language and a scripting language, and is often used in a way analogous to a programming library.
A domain-specific language can be one of a visual diagramming language, such as those created by the Generic Eclipse Modeling System, programmatic abstractions, such as the Eclipse Modeling Framework, or textual languages.
The line between domain-specific languages and scripting languages is somewhat blurred, but domain-specific languages often lack low-level functions for filesystem access, interprocess control, and other functions that characterize full-featured programming languages, scripting or otherwise.
Many domain-specific languages do not compile to byte-code or executable code, but to various kinds of media objects: GraphViz exports to PostScript, GIF, JPEG, etc., where Csound compiles to audio files, and a ray-tracing domain-specific language like POV compiles to graphics files.
Further blurring this line, many domain-specific languages have exposed APIs, and can be accessed from other programming languages without breaking the flow of execution or calling a separate process, and can thus operate as programming libraries.
Some domain-specific languages expand over time to include full-featured programming tools, which further complicates the question of whether a language is domain-specific or not.
A good example is the functional language XSLT, specifically designed for transforming one XML graph into another, which has been extended since its inception to allow (particularly in its 2.0 version) for various forms of filesystem interaction, string and date manipulation, and data typing.
In model-driven engineering, many examples of domain-specific languages may be found like OCL, a language for decorating models with assertions or QVT, a domain-specific transformation language.
To summarize, an analogy might be useful: a Very Little Language is like a knife, which can be used in thousands of different ways, from cutting food to cutting down trees.
A domain-specific language is like an electric drill: it is a powerful tool with a wide variety of uses, but a specific context, namely, putting holes in things.
Domain-specific languages should be used by programmers who, looking at their current workbench, realize they need a better drill and find that a particular domain-specific language provides exactly that.
DSL code embedded in a host language may have special syntax support, such as regexes in sed, AWK, Perl or JavaScript, or may be passed as strings.
The GML scripting language used by GameMaker Studio is a domain-specific language targeted at novice programmers to easily be able to learn programming.
While the language serves as a blend of multiple languages including Delphi, C++, and BASIC, there is a lack of structures, data types, and other features of a full-fledged programming language.
These tasks consist of simple control-flow and string manipulation mechanisms that cover a lot of common usages like searching and replacing string in files, or counting occurrences of strings (frequency counting).
This scripting language is used to weave together languages and services such as Java, .NET, C++, SMS, email, email servers, http, ftp, exchange, directory services, and file systems for use in websites.
The language itself offers a platform of libraries to create finite state machines, generic servers and event managers that quickly allow an engineer to deploy applications, or support libraries, that have been shown in industry benchmarks to outperform other languages intended for a mixed set of domains, such as C and C++.
FilterMeister is a programming environment, with a programming language that is based on C, for the specific purpose of creating Photoshop-compatible image processing filter plug-ins; FilterMeister runs as a Photoshop plug-in itself and it can load and execute scripts or compile and export them as independent plug-ins.
Although the FilterMeister language reproduces a significant portion of the C language and function library, it contains only those features which can be used within the context of Photoshop plug-ins and adds a number of specific features only useful in this specific domain.
The toolkit is a suite of utilities including a specification editor to create a requirements specification, a dependency graph browser to display variable dependencies, a consistency checker to catch missing cases in well-formed formulas in the specification, a model checker and a theorem prover to check program properties against the specification, and an invariant generator that automatically constructs invariants based on the requirements.
Complementing language-oriented programming, as well as all other forms of domain-specific languages, are the class of compiler writing tools called metacompilers.
A metacompiler is not only useful for generating parsers and code generators for domain-specific languages, but a metacompiler itself compiles a domain-specific metalanguage specifically designed for the domain of metaprogramming.
The Id Tech engine used standard C code meaning C had to be learned and properly applied, while UnrealScript was optimized for ease of use and efficiency.
Most Rules Engines provide both an approach to simplifying the control structures for business logic (for example, using Declarative Rules or Decision Tables) coupled with alternatives to programming syntax in favor of DSLs.
Generate object handling and services based on an Interface Description Language for a domain-specific language such as JavaScript for web applications, HTML for documentation, C++ for high-performance code, etc.
Gherkin is a language designed to define test cases to check the behavior of software, without specifying how that behavior is implemented.
The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh (; ) is an 18th-century building in Lahore, Pakistan that houses the funerary urns of the Sandhawalia Jat Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1780 - 1839).
It is located adjacent the Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque, as well the Gurdwara Dera Sahib which marks the spot where the 5th guru of Sikhism, Guru Arjan Dev, died.
Construction of the building was started by his son, Kharak Singh on the spot where he was cremated, and was completed by his youngest son, Duleep Singh in 1848.
The wooden panels on the ceiling are decorated with stained glass work, while the walls are richly decorated with floral designs.
Ranjit Singh's ashes are contained in a marble urn in the shape of a lotus, sheltered under a marble pavilion inlaid with pietra dura, in the centre of the tomb.
Two small monuments to the west of the main building commemorate Maharaja Ranjit Singh's son Maharaja Kharak Singh and grandson Nau Nihal Singh, along with their wives.
Through the 1950s and 1960s, they designed a series of computers, originally for their own use, and later to be sold commercially.
After several years in the advisory role, in 1952 they decided to form a computing service bureau for Danish government, military and research uses.
Led by Niels Ivar Bech, the group was also given the details of the BESK machine being designed at the Swedish Mathematical Center (Matematikmaskinnamndens Arbetsgrupp).
The group decided to build their own version of the BESK to run the bureau, and formed Regnecentralen in October 1955 to complete and run the machine.
The result was the DASK, a vacuum tube-based machine that completed construction in 1956 and went into full operation in February 1957.
Bech also sold GIER machines to the Eastern Bloc nations, starting with Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria, and later Romania, the East Germany, and Yugoslavia.
RC was also home to Peter Naur, and DASK and GIER became well known for their role in the development of the famous programming language ALGOL.
After the first European ALGOL conference in 1959, RC began an effort to produce a series of compilers, completing one for the DASK in September 1961.
Feeding the tape at 5 meters per second, the 2000 could read 2,000 characters per second (CPS), storing the results in a buffer while the computer periodically read the data back out instead of stopping the tape to wait for the computer to get ready.
The machine was later upgraded as the RC 2500, increasing speed to almost 7 meters a second, improving read speed to 2500 CPS.
In the mid-1960s, RC began the design of a small integrated circuit-based computer system for industrial control and automation needs, initially to fill a request by a Danish company to automate a chemical factory they were building in Poland.
When combined with appropriate peripherals, almost always including an RC 2000 along with several rebranded devices from other companies, the RC 4000 was a highly reliable minicomputer, and went on to be sold across Europe.
The RC 8000 from the mid-1970s used newer-generation integrated circuits (ICs) to shrink the RC 4000 into a single rack-mount system.
The last in the series, the RC 9000, further shrunk the machine and improved performance to about 4 MIPS, and was sold in versions that could run either RC 8000 programs, or Unix.
Known as the RC 4000 multiprogramming system, it is the first real-world example of a system using a very simple kernel along with a variety of user-selected programs that built up the system as a whole.
Today this concept is known as a microkernel, and efforts to correct for microkernels' poor performance formed the basis of most OS research through the 1970s and 1980s.
RC also began selling the Data General Nova under license in 1970 as the RC 7000, later introducing their own updated version as the RC 3600 the next year.
During the 1980s, RC produced the RC 700 Piccolo and RC 759 Piccoline systems, which were sold to Danish schools mostly, and to some businesses in Denmark and abroad.
Much of his music resulted from an interest in the music of Australia's neighbours as well as from the impulse to bring together aspects of native Australian music with that of the heritage of the West.
His mother, Edna, was passionate about English literature and was the first woman to hold a driver's licence in Tasmania; his father, Joshua, loved fishing and nature.
He began writing music at the age of seven or eight, after having his first piano lesson, continuing in secret when his piano teacher punished him for this activity.
By the age of 14, he had decided to make a career of music, despite many (especially his father) encouraging him to enter different fields, because he felt the music he wrote was the only thing that was his own.
Shortly afterwards, he made the acquaintance of the painter Russell Drysdale, who had recently lost his son to suicide, and the pair shared a working holiday in a house on the Tamar River.
He was distantly related to Fanny Cochrane Smith, a Tasmanian Aboriginal whose wax cylinder recordings of songs are the only audio recordings of any of Tasmania's indigenous languages.
In 1963 he became a lecturer at the University of Sydney, and remained there more or less ever after, where he was an emeritus professor.
In the late 1960s, Sculthorpe worked with Patrick White on an opera about Eliza Fraser, but White chose to terminate the artistic relationship.
Much of Sculthorpe's early work demonstrates the influence of Asian music, but he said that these influences dwindled through the 1970s as indigenous music became more important.
However, it was only with the advent of recordings and books on the subject around the 1970s that he started to incorporate indigenous motifs in his work.
But his answer was that he was no different to a Renaissance artist, striving again and again to paint the perfect Madonna-and-Child.
The inverse power iteration algorithm starts with an approximation formula_1 for the eigenvalue corresponding to the desired eigenvector and a vector formula_2, either a randomly selected vector or an approximation to the eigenvector.
where formula_4 are some constants usually chosen as formula_5 Since eigenvectors are defined up to multiplication by constant, the choice of formula_4 can be arbitrary in theory; practical aspects of the choice of formula_4 are discussed below.
The closer the approximation formula_1 to the eigenvalue is chosen, the faster the algorithm converges; however, incorrect choice of formula_1 can lead to slow convergence or to the convergence to an eigenvector other than the one desired.
In practice, the method is used when a good approximation for the eigenvalue is known, and hence one needs only few (quite often just one) iterations.
The basic idea of the power iteration is choosing an initial vector formula_14 (either an eigenvector approximation or a random vector) and iteratively calculating formula_15.
Except for a set of zero measure, for any initial vector, the result will converge to an eigenvector corresponding to the dominant eigenvalue.
The inverse iteration does the same for the matrix formula_9, so it converges to the eigenvector corresponding to the dominant eigenvalue of the matrix formula_9.
It shows that if formula_1 is chosen close enough to some eigenvalue formula_33, for example formula_34 each iteration will improve the accuracy formula_35 times.
There are two options: one may choose an algorithm that solves a linear system, or one may calculate the inverse formula_9 and then apply it to the vector.
Which costs formula_50 arithmetic operations using a technique based on Householder reduction), with a finite sequence of orthogonal similarity transforms, somewhat like a two-sided QR decomposition.
costs formula_52 operations, so the complexity grows like formula_53, where formula_54 is the iteration number, which is better than for the direct inversion.
But on embedded and/or low energy consuming hardware (digital signal processors, FPGA, ASIC) division may not be supported by hardware, and so should be avoided.
Choosing formula_56 allows fast division without explicit hardware support, as division by a power of 2 may be implemented as either a bit shift (for fixed-point arithmetic) or subtraction of formula_54 from the exponent (for floating-point arithmetic).
Small values will lead to fast growth of the norm of formula_8 and to overflow; large values of formula_4 will cause the vector formula_8 to tend toward zero.
The main application of the method is the situation when an approximation to an eigenvalue is found and one needs to find the corresponding approximate eigenvector.
Typically, the method is used in combination with some other method which finds approximate eigenvalues: the standard example is the bisection eigenvalue algorithm, another example is the Rayleigh quotient iteration, which is actually the same inverse iteration with the choice of the approximate eigenvalue as the Rayleigh quotient corresponding to the vector obtained on the previous step of the iteration.
So taking the norm of the matrix as an approximate eigenvalue one can see that the method will converge to the dominant eigenvector.
In such applications, typically the statistics of matrices is known in advance and one can take as an approximate eigenvalue the average eigenvalue for some large matrix sample.
Better, one may calculate the mean ratio of the eigenvalues to the trace or the norm of the matrix and estimate the average eigenvalue as the trace or norm multiplied by the average value of that ratio.
Hazuri Bagh () is a garden in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, bounded by the Lahore Fort to the east, Badshahi Mosque to the west, the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh to the north, and the Roshnai Gate to the south.
After its completion, it is said, Ranjit Singh, at the suggestion of Jamadar Khushhal Singh, ordered that marble vandalized from various mausoleums of Lahore to construct a baradari (pavilion) here.
Both the garden and the baradari, originally a 45-foot, three-storey square with a basement approached by fifteen steps, suffered extensive damage during the fratricidal Sikh wars and was only reclaimed and laid out according to the original plan during the British period.
Every Sunday afternoon, people gather in the gardens to hear reciters recite traditional Punjabi Qisse, such as Heer Ranjha and Sassi Punnun, and other Punjabi Sufi poetry.
Intelligence assessment is the development of behavior forecasts or recommended courses of action to the leadership of an organisation, based on wide ranges of available overt and covert information.
Assessment may be executed on behalf of a state, military or commercial organisation with ranges of information sources available to each.
Intelligence assessment is based on a customer requirement or need, which may be a standing requirement or tailored to a specific circumstance or a Request for Information (RFI).
This will involve a review of existing material, the tasking of new analytical product or the collection of new information to inform an analysis.
New information may be collected through one or more of the various collection disciplines; human source, electronic and communications intercept, imagery or open sources.
The nature of the RFI and the urgency placed on it may indicate that some collection types are unsuitable due to the time taken to collect or validate the information gathered.
Intelligence gathering disciplines and the sources and methods used are often highly classified and compartmentalised, with analysts requiring an appropriate high level of security clearance.
The analyst uses multiple sources to mutually corroborate, or exclude, the information collected, reaching a conclusion along with a measure of confidence around that conclusion.
The analysis is then communicated back to the requester in the format directed, although subject to the constraints on both the RFI and the methods used in the analysis, the format may be made available for other uses as well and disseminated accordingly.
The analysis will be written to a defined classification level with alternative versions potentially available at a number of classification levels for further dissemination.
This approach, known as Find-Fix-Finish-Exploit-Assess (F3EA), is complementary to the intelligence cycle and focused on the intervention itself, where the subject of the assessment is clearly identifiable and provisions exist to make some form of intervention against that subject, the target-centric assessment approach may be used.
When the decision is made to intervene, action is taken to fix the target, confirming that the intervention will have a high probability of success and restricting the ability of the target to take independent action.
Following the intervention, exploitation of the target is carried out, which may lead to further refinement of the process for related targets.
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving.
More generally, it can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.
This term, however, was strongly linked to the metaphysical and cosmological theories of teleological scholasticism, including theories of the immortality of the soul, and the concept of the Active Intellect (also known as the Active Intelligence).
Human intelligence is the intellectual power of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness.
It gives humans the cognitive abilities to learn, form concepts, understand, and reason, including the capacities to recognize patterns, comprehend ideas, plan, solve problems, and use language to communicate.
Although humans have been the primary focus of intelligence researchers, scientists have also attempted to investigate animal intelligence, or more broadly, animal cognition.
comparing intelligence between literate humans and illiterate animals), and also operationalizing a measure that accurately compares mental ability across different species and contexts.
Non-human animals particularly noted and studied for their intelligence include chimpanzees, bonobos (notably the language-using Kanzi) and other great apes, dolphins, elephants and to some extent parrots, rats and ravens.
Vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have shown a fairly high degree of intellect that varies according to each species.
Instead, intelligence is measured using a variety of interactive and observational tools focusing on innovation, habit reversal, social learning, and responses to novelty.
It has been argued that plants should also be classified as intelligent based on their ability to sense and model external and internal environments and adjust their morphology, physiology and phenotype accordingly to ensure self-preservation and reproduction.
A counter argument is that intelligence is commonly understood to involve the creation and use of persistent memories as opposed to computation that does not involve learning.
They are also capable of communication, accurately computing their circumstances, using sophisticated cost–benefit analysis and taking tightly controlled actions to mitigate and control the diverse environmental stressors.
Achievements in artificial intelligence include constrained and well-defined problems such as games, crossword-solving and optical character recognition and a few more general problems such as autonomous cars.
Among the traits that researchers hope machines will exhibit are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and the ability to move and to manipulate objects.
In recent years jegog has started to become popular in other regions of Bali with a few groups being established in central Bali to entertain tourists.
Jegog instruments have a four-note scale that roughly corresponds to the four pitches of a dominant 7th chord in Western music.
Other instruments have a two octave range with four pitches in a low octave and the same four pitches an octave higher.
Most Jegog ensembles have instruments that have keys that are made of bamboo that are split at one end and then half of the tube is removed.
The keys are arranged 1' 2' 3' 4' 1 2 3 4, one being the lowest pitch and 4 being the highest.
The four keys on the left are the higher pitches of the detuned pairs and the four on the right are the lower ones.
Each of the remaining 9 instruments span two octaves and are arranged 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 where 5 through 8 is an octave above 1 to 4.
She has been the lead guitarist for the Bangles since their foundation in 1981, and after their first breakup in 1989 she has returned to the band for all subsequent reunions.
After The Bangles disbanded in 1989, Peterson played with the Continental Drifters and The Psycho Sisters, in both cases alongside Susan Cowsill.
In mathematics, a Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number, also called simply a Pisot number or a PV number, is a real algebraic integer greater than 1 all of whose Galois conjugates are less than 1 in absolute value.
These numbers were discovered by Axel Thue in 1912 and rediscovered by G. H. Hardy in 1919 within the context of diophantine approximation.
Two converse statements are known: they characterize PV numbers among all real numbers and among the algebraic numbers (but under a weaker Diophantine assumption).
In the last step of the proof, Pisot's characterization is invoked to conclude that the limit of a sequence of Pisot numbers is itself a Pisot number.
After teaching at Yale from 1986–96, he moved to University of British Columbia where he teaches ethnomusicology, composition, music theory and gamelan performance, co-directs the doctoral program in ethnomusicology.
Tenzer's compositions for chamber, solo and orchestral media have been performed in North America, Europe, and Asia, featuring performers such as Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri (tabla), Alex Klein (oboe) and Evan Ziporyn (clarinet).
His publications have been recognized with the Society for Ethnomusicology's Alan P. Merriam Prize (best book of 2000) and the 34th annual ASCAP-Deems Taylor award, and his research has been supported with grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and Fulbright.
He carried out several years of research and writing about it on a series of fellowships, among them a Fulbright (1982), a grant from the Asian Cultural Council (1987) the Morse Fellowship (1989), and a National Endowment for the Humanities University Teacher's Fellowship (1994).
The last three compositions cited plus others are featured on the 2009 CD Let Others Name You on New World records.
In 1979, Tenzer co-founded the Sekar Jaya gamelan ensemble in Berkeley, California, an organization of Americans dedicated to the performance of Balinese arts that is now internationally known.
It soon received the support of federal Liberal Member of Parliament Édouard Lacroix and Liberal Member of the Legislature Oscar Drouin.
In order to unite the vote against the Liberal government of Alexandre Taschereau, the Action libérale nationale (ALN) and the Conservative Party of Quebec decided to run only one candidate of either party in each district for the 1935 Quebec election.
With 29% of the vote, the ALN elected 26 out of 57 candidates; the Conservatives received 19% of the vote and won 16 seat out of 33 in which they ran a candidate.
Less than a year later, Conservative Leader Maurice Duplessis, a rising star in provincial politics, tried to pressure ALN Leader Paul Gouin into merging both parties.
While Gouin cuts ties with Duplessis, 22 of his Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) joined the new party, known as Union Nationale, which won the 1936 Quebec election.
Cliche ran as an Action libérale nationale candidate in a by-election held on March 17, 1937, in his home district of Beauce.
Other than Gouin who took the leadership, the party was unable to attract any of its former candidates from the 1935 election.
Instead René Chaloult and Oscar Drouin, who had grown disillusioned with Duplessis after they joined the Union Nationale, ran as Liberal candidates.
Even though the ALN did not survive the 1930s realignment in Quebec politics, many of its policies were eventually implemented by the provincial governments of Maurice Duplessis, Adélard Godbout and Jean Lesage.
Lujo Brentano, born in Aschaffenburg into a distinguished German Roman Catholic intellectual family (originally of Italian descent), attended school in Augsburg and Aschaffenburg.
He studied in Dublin (Trinity College), Münster, Munich, Heidelberg (doctorate in law), Würzburg, Göttingen (doctorate in economics), and Berlin (habilitation in economics, 1871).
He was a professor of economics and state sciences at the universities of Breslau, Strasbourg, Vienna, Leipzig, and most importantly, Munich (1891–1914).
After the revolution of November 1918, he served in minister-president Kurt Eisner's government of the People's State of Bavaria as People's Commissar (Minister) for Trade, but only for some days in December 1918.
His influence on the social market economy, and on many Germans who would be leaders just after the end of World War II, can hardly be overrated.
This is incorrect; while he was given his name after a Ludwig and a Joseph, Lujo was his real and legal first name.
Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri, self-styled as Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin (26 January 1865 – 25 November 1903), was a Spanish writer.
He had been charged with treason for attempting to send a telegram to President Theodore Roosevelt, in which he praised the United States for helping Cuba gain independence from Spain.
A majority in Navarre and the rest of the Basque districts supported the pretender to the Spanish crown Carlos V for his support to their institutions and laws (characterized for being more liberal than elsewhere in Spain).
Abando was a Basque speaking town, but following the attitudes of the elites in the area of Bilbao during this period, Basque was not transmitted to Arana's siblings within the family.
In the aftermath of the Third Carlist War (1876), Arana attended the Jesuit School of Orduña along with his brother Luis (1876–1881).
He was an early defender of the use of the Basque language in all areas of society, to avoid its increasing marginalization in the face of Spanish language penetration, imposed as mandatory in schooling and administration, even certain cultural events (theatre, etc.).
He made a strong effort to establish a codified orthography and grammar for the Basque language, and proposed several neologisms to replace loanwords of Spanish origin.
The document is a collection of historical events, mythical stories and sometimes inaccurate accounts of earlier battles of the ancient people of Biscay.
He considered the as the act putting an end to the Basque own sources of authority and 'secular Basque independence', as well as a violation of international law.
In 1894, he founded the first center for the new nationalist party, (Partido Nacionalista Vasco), the second-oldest political party in Spain, to provide a place for gathering and proselytizing.
Sabino Arana, like many Europeans of his time, believed that the essence of a country was defined by its blood or ethnic composition.
Despite his religious integrism and racist views, he is considered by many Basques to be a gadfly that sparked the movement for the cultural revival of the Basques, and for the freedom of his people.
The PNV, the party in power in the Basque Autonomous Community from the end of Francoism (except during 2009-2012), developed along more nuanced and pragmatic lines in respect of religion and views on race, moving away from his most controversial ideas but not from his political persona.
He liked to shock and provoke, in order to get attention from a society that he deemed unaware of its fate.
He considered this to be an essential part of the Basque identity that contrasted with the secularism imported from other parts of Spain and abroad along with new means of production and labour, often unprecedented immigration.
However, his Basque nationalism kept him away from Carlism that was the dominant ultra-Catholic and conservative movement in the area and the ideology of his father.
Arana and his Basque nationalist movement were persecuted for their ideas against Spanish imperialism, for which he was convicted when he submitted a a telegram to Theodore Roosevelt to congratulate him for his assistance in 'liberating' Cuba in 1902, and put to harsh time in prison, which ruined his health and would die soon after.
Ahead of his demise, a baffling manifesto attributed to him was released by which he relinquished the core of his ideas to everyone's surprise.
He was disturbed by the immigration into Biscay of many workers from western and central Spain during the industrial revolution, into a small territory whose native political institutions had recently been suppressed (1876), believing that their influence would result in the disappearance of the 'pure' Basque race.
Today, he is viewed by some as a controversial figure, due to his xenophobia and ethnocentrism and his ideas of a pure race.
On the other hand, some Basques still revere him as the father of the Basque nationalist movement, who managed to start the turnaround of the decay of the Basque language and culture.
Instead of the traditional adaptations of Romance names, he proposed others he made up and that in his opinion were truer to the originals and adapted to the Basque phonology.
The Mourne Mountains ( ; ), also called the Mournes or Mountains of Mourne, are a granite mountain range in County Down in the south-east of Northern Ireland It includes some the highest mountains in Northern Ireland, including Slieve Donard at .
The Mournes is designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and in 2002 the Environment and Heritage Service commissioned a study on the potential benefits of establishing the Mournes as one of the first national parks in Northern Ireland, though this is yet to occur.
Following a fundraising drive in 1993, the National Trust purchased nearly of land in the Mournes, which included a part of Slieve Donard (at ) and nearby Slieve Commedagh (at ), the second-highest mountain in the area.
There are also a number of curious names: Pigeon Rock; Buzzard's Roost; Brandy Pad; the Cock and Hen; Percy Bysshe; the Devil's Coach Road; and Pollaphuca.
The Mourne Wall challenge, which is also referred to as the 7-peak challenge because it takes into account 7 of the 10 highest Mourne mountains, is advertised by WalkNI.
The Mourne six peak challenge is advertised by DiscoverNI and takes hikers up Slieve Donard, Commedagh, Bearnagh, Slieve Binnian, Slieve Meelmore and Slieve Meelbeg across three days of hiking.
The Mourne Wall is a dry stone wall measuring long that crosses fifteen summits and was constructed to define and protect the catchment area purchased by Belfast Water Commissioners in late nineteenth century.
The Whole Earth Catalog (WEC) was an American counterculture magazine and product catalog published by Stewart Brand several times a year between 1968 and 1972, and occasionally thereafter, until 1998.
This is why, while not a regularly published periodical, numerous editions and updates were required to keep price and availability information up to date.
The Stanford-educated Brand, a biologist with strong artistic and social interests, believed that there was a groundswell of commitment to thoroughly renovating American industrial society along ecologically and socially just lines, whatever they might prove to be.
J. Baldwin was a young designer and instructor of design at colleges around the San Francisco Bay (San Francisco State University [then San Francisco State College], the San Francisco Art Institute, and the California College of the Arts [then California College of Arts and Crafts]).
Baldwin served as the chief editor of subjects in the areas of technology and design, both in the catalog itself and in other publications which arose from it.
True to his 1966 vision, Brand's publishing efforts were suffused with an awareness of the importance of ecology, both as a field of study and as an influence upon the future of humankind and emerging human awareness.
Within each section, the best tools and books the editors could find were collected and listed, along with images, reviews and uses, prices, and suppliers.
There were well-designed special-purpose utensils, including garden tools, carpenters' and masons' tools, welding equipment, chainsaws, fiberglass materials, tents, hiking shoes, and potters' wheels.
On another spread, the verso reviews books on accounting and moonlighting jobs, while the recto bears an article in which people tell the story of a community credit union they founded.
By the mid-1970s, much of the Buddhist economics viewpoint of E. F. Schumacher, as well as the activist interests of the biological species preservationists, had tempered the overall enthusiasm for Fuller's ideas in the catalog.
Still later, the amiable-architecture ideas of people like Christopher Alexander and similar community-planning ideas of people like Peter Calthorpe further tempered the engineering-efficiency tone of Fuller's ideas.
As an early indicator of the general Zeitgeist, the catalog's first edition preceded the original Earth Day by nearly two years.
Despite this popular and critical success, particularly among a generation of young hippies and survivalists, the catalog was not intended to continue in publication for long, just long enough for the editors to complete a good overview of the available tools and resources, and for the word, and copies, to get out to everyone who needed them.
The last issue, number 111 (edited by Alex Steffen), was meant to be published in Spring 2003, but funds ran out.
Lloyd Kahn, Shelter editor of the WEC, borrowed WEC production equipment for a week in 1970 and produced the first book on building geodesic domes.
With production of DB 2, Kahn and his company Shelter Publications followed Stewart Brand's move to nationwide distribution by Random House.
In 1973, Kirsten Grimstad and Susan Rennie are part of a research project at Berkeley University and publish a feminist catalog inspired by the Whole Earth Catalog, the New Woman's Survival Catalog, which gathers feminist initiatives in different domains (art, communication, work, money, self-help, self-defense...) in the USA.
Their ancestors were mostly Protestant Presbyterian Lowland Scottish migrants, the largest numbers coming from Galloway, Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, Ayrshire and the Scottish Borders including nearby parts of Northern England, with others coming from further north in the Scottish Lowlands and, to a much lesser extent, from the Highlands.
These Scots migrated to Ireland in large numbers both as a result of the government-sanctioned Plantation of Ulster, a planned process of colonisation which took place under the auspices of James VI of Scotland and I of England on land confiscated from members of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland who fled Ulster, and as part of a larger migration or unplanned wave of settlement.
Ulster Scots emigrated onwards from Ireland in significant numbers to what is now the United States and to all corners of the then-worldwide British Empire—what are now Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the West Indies, to British India and to a lesser extent to Argentina and Chile.
The first major influx of border English and Lowland Scots into Ulster came in the first two decades of the 17th century.
First, before the Plantation of Ulster and even before the Flight of the Earls, there was the 1606 independent Scottish settlement in east Down and Antrim.
Hamilton forced himself in on this deal when he discovered it and, after three years of bickering, the final settlement gave Hamilton and Montgomery each one-third of the land.
This scheme was intended to confiscate all the lands of the Gaelic Irish nobility in Ulster and to settle the province with Protestant Scottish and English colonists.
Under this scheme, a substantial number of Scots were settled, mostly in the south and west of Ulster, on confiscated land.
While many of the Scottish planters in Ulster came from southwest Scotland, a large number came from the southeast, including the unstable regions right along the border with England (the Scottish Borders and Northumberland).
These groups were from the Borderers or Border Reivers culture, which had familial links on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border.
Contrary to popular belief, these Reivers were not all Protestants, many if not a majority would have been at least nominally Roman Catholics.
This was of particular concern to James VI of Scotland when he became King of England, since he knew Scottish instability could jeopardise his chances of ruling both kingdoms effectively.
During the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the native Irish gentry attempted to extirpate the English and Scottish settlers in revenge for being driven off their ancestral land, resulting in severe violence, massacres and ultimately leading to the deaths of between four and six thousand settlers over the winter of 1641–42.
The Ulster-Scottish population in Ireland was quite possibly preserved from complete annihilation during the subsequent Irish Confederate Wars, when a Scottish Covenanter army was landed in the province to protect the Ulster-Scottish settlers from native Irish landowners.
The war itself, part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, ended in the 1650s, with the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
Defeating the Irish Confederates and English Royalists on behalf of the English Parliamentarians, he and his forces employed methods and inflicted casualties among the civilian Irish population that have long been commonly considered by contemporary sources, historians and the popular culture to be outside of the accepted military ethics of the day (see more on the debate here).
Under the Act of Settlement 1652, all Catholic-owned land was confiscated and the British Plantations in Ireland, which had been destroyed by the rebellion of 1641, were restored.
However, due to the Scots' enmity to the English Parliament in the final stages of the English Civil War, English settlers rather than Scots were the main beneficiary of this scheme.
There was a generation of calm in Ireland until another war broke out in 1689, again due to political conflict closely aligned with ethnic and religious differences.
The Williamite war in Ireland (1689–91) was fought between Jacobites who supported the restoration of the Catholic James II to the throne of England and Williamites who supported the Protestant William of Orange.
The majority of the Protestant colonists throughout Ireland but particularly in Ulster, fought on the Williamite side in the war against the Jacobites.
The fear of a repeat of the massacres of 1641, fear of retribution for religious persecution, as well as their wish to hold on to lands which had been confiscated from Catholic landowners, were all principal motivating factors.
The Williamite forces, composed of British, Dutch, Huguenot and Danish armies, as well as troops raised in Ulster, ended Jacobite resistance by 1691, confirming the Protestant minority's monopoly on power in Ireland.
Finally, another major influx of Scots into northern Ireland occurred in the late 1690s, when tens of thousands of people fled a famine in Scotland to come to Ulster.
It was only after the 1690s that Scottish settlers and their descendants, the majority of whom were Presbyterian, gained numeric superiority in Ulster, though still a minority in Ireland as a whole.
Along with Catholics, they were legally disadvantaged by the Penal Laws, which gave full rights only to members of the Church of Ireland (the Anglican state church), who were mainly Anglo-Irish (themselves often absentee landlords), native Irish converts or the descendants of English settlers.
For this reason, up until the 19th century, there was considerable disharmony between Dissenters and the ruling Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland.
With the enforcement of Queen Anne's 1703 Test Act, which caused further discrimination against all who did not participate in the established church, considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots migrated to the colonies in British America throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
In fact, these 'Scots-Irish' from Ulster and Lowland Scotland comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from Great Britain and Ireland to the American colonies in the years prior the American Revolution, with an estimated 150,000 leaving northern Ireland at the time.
Towards the end of the 18th century, many Ulster-Scots Presbyterians ignored religious differences and, along with many Catholic Gaelic Irish, joined the United Irishmen to participate in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 in support of republican and egalitarian ideals.
Just a few generations after arriving in Ulster, considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots emigrated to the North American colonies of Great Britain.
Around the same time, the British took control of the territory of New France, allowing many Ulster-Scots to migrate to these areas as well.
In the United States Census of 2000, 4.3 million Americans (1.5% of the population of the United States) claimed Scotch-Irish ancestry.
Author and former United States Senator Jim Webb suggests that the true number of people with some Scots-Irish heritage in the United States is more—over 27 million—possibly because contemporary Americans with some Scotch-Irish heritage may regard themselves as either Irish, Scottish, or simply American instead.
The Ulster Scots Agency points to industry, language, music, sport, religion and myriad traditions brought to Ulster from the Scottish lowlands.
In particular, the origin of country and Western music was extensively from Ulster Scots folk music, in addition to English, German, and African-American styles.
It is located at Bryansford, near the town of Newcastle in the Mourne and Slieve Croob Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
It covers an area of at the foot of the Mourne Mountains and has views of the surrounding mountains and the sea at nearby Newcastle.
The river is a spawning ground for salmon and trout and is an Area of Special Scientific Interest due to its geology, flora and fauna.
After the Norman invasion of Ulster in 1177 and the creation of the Earldom of Ulster, the Magennis clan gained power in the area.
The extended Magennis families controlled most of the land in the south of County Down by the 15th century, including the area where Tollymore is located.
On 22 February 1611, Tollymore (officially referred to as Ballytollymore) was included in seven and a half townlands which were surrendered to the English crown in return for a formal freehold in the name of Brian McHugh McAghorley Magennis.
The land was passed to his grandson in 1628 and when he died without issue in the 1660s, it was passed to Brian Magennis’ only daughter Ellen, who was married to William Hamilton of Ayrshire.
William Hamilton was from Lecale, County Down, and was a close relative of James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye, who acquired a large amount of land in County Down a number of years before the Plantation of Ulster.
Tollymore was one of the properties forfeit from the reversal of Cromwellian land settlement and the Act of Settlement 1662 by James II's Patriot Parliament in 1689.
This was likely because James Hamilton had raised a regiment in support of William of Orange and was providing the Williamites with supplies.
James Hamilton died in 1701 and Tollymore was passed to his son, James, who became Viscount Limerick in 1719 and 1st Earl of Clanbrassil (second creation) in 1756.
The great grandson of William Hamilton, James, died in 1798 without children and Tollymore was transferred to his sister Anne, who married Robert Jocelyn, 1st Earl of Roden.
The Jocelyn family continued in possession of Tollymore throughout the 19th century, and in 1930 Robert Jocelyn, 8th Earl of Roden sold part of the estate to the Ministry of Agriculture for afforestation purposes.
The seat of the Roden family in Tollymore demesne, known as 'Tollymore Park House' or 'Bryansford House', was a Georgian mansion built initially by James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil (second creation) around 1730, and was demolished in 1952.
Tollymore features many follies whose design were influenced by Thomas Wright of Durham, a friend of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil.
At the entrance and exit to the park there are Gothic gate arches built by James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Clanbrassil (Viscount Limerick).
The gate and gate lodge at the exit were built in 1786 and, along with the front walling, are grade B1 listed structures.
Clanbrassil Barn, located near the exit to the park, was built in around 1757 by James Hamilton (1st Earl of Clanbrassil).
A granite obelisk, located on a small grassy hill near the main drive, was built between 1812 and 1820 by Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden as a monument to his son, James Bligh Jocelyn, who died of an asthma attack while serving in the Royal Navy.
The Hermitage is a small stone shelter designed by James Hamilton (2nd Earl of Clanbrassil) in the 1770s in memory to his friend the Marquis of Monthermer.
It is built into the side of the gorge above the river and was used as a place for ladies to shelter while the men fished.
Parnell Bridge, named in recognition of Sir John Parnell who visited Tollymore in the late 18th century, was constructed in 1842.
The walls are approximately 2 m high but were likely more than double that when it was in use during the first millennium AD.
In 2014, the Mourne Heritage Trust carried out restoration work on 15 structures within the park including the granite monument, both gates, the hermitage, Foley's Bridge, Horn Bridge and the Old Bridge.
The forest service carry out a cull of the deer once a year, to keep the population from becoming too large.
A rise in grey squirrel numbers, first seen in the park approximately 10 years previously, was noted at the same time.
Since then The Tollymore Red Squirrel Group, consisting of volunteers, forest service staff and members of the Mourne Heritage Trust, have been working to preserve the species within the forest by providing additional food and attempting to reduce the numbers of grey squirrels.
In 2011 approximately 90% of the park’s red squirrel population were killed by squirrel pox, passed on by the grey squirrels.
Although an approximately 50% increase in red squirrel sightings was reported during the later part of 2013, exact numbers were not known as the Tollymore Red Squirrel Group were unable to carry out their annual survey in October 2013.
There was a second outbreak of squirrel pox in 2016 although it didn't have the same fatality rate as the 2011 outbreak.
In 2007 a breeding pair of great spotted woodpeckers, which had not bred in Ireland for centuries, were recorded in Tollymore for the first time.
A population of approximately 20-30 pairs of feral Mandarin ducks have been present on the Shimna river and on a pond within the park since 1978.
Pine martens, which are one of the rarest native mammal species in Ireland, are frequently spotted in the park by volunteers monitoring the squirrels.
It contains trees from many different parts of the world, including the remains of a giant redwood which was struck by lightning.
The slightly milder climate in the area, due to its proximity to the coast, provided more favourable growing conditions than further inland for the more exotic trees in the arboretum.
Wood from the oak trees in Tollymore was uses by Harland and Wolff for the interiors of the White Star liners, including the RMS Titanic.
The red tail (River Trail) is three miles long and follows the Shimna River up one side as far as Parnell’s bridge and then back along the other side.
The black trail (Mountain Trail) is five and half miles long and the black trail 1 (The Drinns Trail) adds another three miles to the black trail by passing behind The Drinns (two forested hills) and following the boundary wall.
Kareem Lamar Rush (born October 30, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player for the Kansas City Tornados of North American Premier Basketball (NAPB).
After graduating from Pembroke Hill School in Kansas City, Rush attended the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri, where he was a standout guard on the basketball team.
Rush averaged 19.8 points per game as a junior, leading the Tigers to the Western Regional finals in the NCAA tournament, where they lost to Oklahoma.
Rush entered the 2002 NBA draft after his junior season and was selected with the 20th pick overall by the Toronto Raptors, who immediately traded his rights to the Los Angeles Lakers.
Rush was projected to be a top 10 pick, but much like what happened to Kareem's elder brother JaRon—a former UCLA star—Kareem slipped down much further than anticipated.
However, due to his three-point shooting accuracy, he would become a more frequently used reserve player in the 2003–2004 playoffs for coach Phil Jackson.
Although the Lakers would lose to the Pistons in the NBA Finals, Rush was able to make somewhat of a name for himself as a sharpshooter, averaging 14 minutes per game and hitting 40% of his three-point shots in the playoffs.
He was a major contributor in helping the Lakers clinch the Western Conference Finals against Kevin Garnett and the Minnesota Timberwolves, when he scored 18 points in the sixth and final game, all from 3-point range, where he was 6 for 7.
In November 2006, the club waived him to make room for a replacement for two frontcourt players who had sustained injuries.
In 2017, Rush joined the BIG3 basketball league, playing on a talent-stacked 3 Headed Monsters roster, highlighted by head coach (and NBA Hall of Famer) Gary Payton, as well as Kwame Brown (the first ever directly-from-high-school player to go #1 overall in the NBA Draft), Rashard Lewis, Jason Williams, and Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf.
Kant argues that the conscious subject cognizes objects not as they are in themselves, but only the way they appear to us under the conditions of our sensibility.
Thus Kant's doctrine restricts the scope of our cognition to appearances given to our sensibility and denies that we can possess cognition of things as they are in themselves, i.e.
Space, time and causality—the necessary ways in which phenomena are related to one another—do not have an existence 'outside' of us, separate from phenomena.
Kant's doctrine is commonly presented as the notion that time, space, and causality are not independently existing entities, but constitute the necessary mental preconditions of experiencing the world.
Although it influenced the course of subsequent German philosophy dramatically, exactly how to interpret this concept was a subject of some debate among 20th century philosophers.
Transcendental idealism was also adopted as a label by the subsequent German philosophers Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, Arthur Schopenhauer, and in the early 20th century by Edmund Husserl in the novel form of transcendental-phenomenological idealism.
Before Kant, some thinkers, such as Leibniz, had come to the conclusion that space and time were not things, but only the relations among things.
Contrary to thinkers, including Newton, who maintained that space and time were real things or substances, Leibniz had arrived at a radically different understanding of the universe and the things found in it.
In the view of realists, individual things interact by physical connection and the relations among things are mediated by physical processes that connect them to human brains and give humans a determinate chain of action to them and correct knowledge of them.
He had been influenced by the physics of Newton and understood that there is a physical chain of interactions between things perceived and the one who perceives them.
However, an important function of mind is to structure incoming data and to process it in ways that make it other than a simple mapping of outside data.
It was pioneered by San Diego bands Heroin and Antioch Arrow and developed in the late 1990s mainly by bands from the East Coast of the United States such as Orchid, Saetia, and Pg.
Screamo arose as a distinct music genre in 1991, in San Diego, at the Ché Café, including bands such as Heroin and Antioch Arrow.
Screamo bands such as The Used, Thrice, Finch, Thursday, Alexisonfire, and Silverstein developed a newer period of screamo in the 21st century.
Thursday cited the post-punk band Joy Division, and the post-hardcore band Fugazi as important influences, but also took cues from the alternative rock styles of Radiohead, U2, and The Cure.
In contrast to the do-it-yourself screamo bands of the 1990s, screamo bands such as Thursday and The Used have signed multi-album contracts with labels such as Island Def Jam and Reprise Records.
In the mid-2000s the style of early screamo regained vitality, with American bands like Comadre, Off Minor, and Hot Cross releasing records on independent labels.
The contemporary screamo scene has remained particularly active in Europe, with bands such as Amanda Woodward, Louise Cyphre, Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort, La Quiete, Daïtro, and Raein all being prime examples of their scene.
As well as, California's Deafheaven, who formed in 2010, having been described as screamo, in a style similar to that of Envy.
Groups highlighted in this coverage, including Respire, Ostraca, Portrayal of Guilt, Soul Glo, I Hate Sex, and Infant Island, had generally received positive press from large publications, but were not as widely successful as their predecessors.
This underground cohort of acts was primarily released by independent labels like Middle-Man Records in the United States, Zegema Beach Records in Canada, and Miss The Stars Records in Berlin.
Many screamo bands in the 1990s saw themselves as implicitly political, and as a reaction against the turn to the right embodied by California politicians, such as Roger Hedgecock.
Some groups were also unusually theoretical in inspiration: Angel Hair cited surrealist writers Antonin Artaud and Georges Bataille, and Orchid lyrically name-checked French new wave icon Anna Karina, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, French philosopher Michel Foucault, and critical theory originators the Frankfurt School.
As a result, the term emoviolence was half-jokingly coined by the band In/Humanity to describe the fusion of the two styles which applied to themselves, as well as other bands including Pg.
Bands including City of Caterpillar, Circle Takes the Square, Envy, Funeral Diner, Pianos Become the Teeth, Respire, and Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort have incorporated post-rock elements into their music.
Sass (also known as sassy screamo, sasscore, sassgrind or dancey screamo) is a style of hardcore punk and screamo that emerged in the later-1990s and early-2000s.
Sass bands include the Blood Brothers, Q and Not U, Black Eyes, The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower, These Arms Are Snakes, An Albatross, XBXRX, Death from Above, The Number Twelve Looks Like You, Gatefold-era Orchid, Milemarker and SeeYouSpaceCowboy.
The scene was led by bands such as Thursday, Hawthorne Heights, Taking Back Sunday, The Used, Senses Fail, Silverstein, Chiodos, From First to Last, Saosin, Thrice and Finch and now-defunct less-known bands such as Before Their Eyes, Here I Come Falling, Agraceful, Yesterdays Rising, Chasing Victory, Beloved, Dead Poetic, Burden of a Day and Sever Your Ties.
The genre had a revival in the 2010s, including such outfits as Before Their Eyes, The Ongoing Concept, Too Close to Touch, I Am Terrified.
Harry Austryn Wolfson (November 2, 1887 – September 19, 1974) was a scholar, philosopher, and historian at Harvard University, and the first chairman of a Judaic Studies Center in the United States.
He is best known for his seminal work on the Jewish philosopher Philo, but he also authored an astonishing variety of other works on Crescas, Maimonides, Averroes, Spinoza, the Kalam, the Church Fathers, and the foundations of Western religion.
His greatest contribution may therefore have been in collapsing all the artificial barriers that isolated the study of Christian philosophy from Islamic philosophy from Jewish philosophy .
Wolfson was born to Sarah Savitsky and Max Mendel Wolfson in Astryna (Yiddish: Ostrin), Vilna Governorate (in present-day Shchuchyn district, Grodno Region, Belarus), and in his youth he studied at the Slabodka yeshiva under Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein.
Wolfson was a professor at Harvard University for approximately half a century, and was a student and friend both of George Santayana and George Foot Moore.
He received honorary degrees from 10 different universities , and was a founding member and president of the American Academy for Jewish Research.
The best-known of these works are listed below, their publication in several instances—among them the work on Philo—having been considered scholarly events of the first magnitude.
Moshe Mordechai Epstein (1866–1933) was rosh yeshiva of Yeshiva Knesseth Yisrael in Slabodka, Lithuania and is recognized as having been one of the leading Talmudists of the twentieth century.
Rabbi Epstein was born in the town of Bakst, in the Vilna district of Lithuania, on the 20th of Adar, 5626 (1866), to Rabbi Tzvi Chaim and Baila Chana Epstein.
The child prodigy began studying in the Volozhin yeshiva at the age of 16, under the guidance of the legendary Torah giant Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik.
Perhaps one of the most influential and illustrious Torah families of that era was that of Rabbi Shraga Feivel Frank, a wealthy fur merchant in Kovno, Lithuania, and a devoted follower of Torah and mussar.
His sons-in-law became the pillars of Torah Jewry through the next generation, and its guides after the ashes of the Holocaust.
When the European strongholds of Torah were replanted in America and Israel, it was the sons-in-law and grandsons of Rabbi Shraga Frank who cultivated it.
These four leaders were Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer of Slabodka and Kletzk, Rabbi Boruch Horowitz of Slabodka, Rabbi Sheftel Kramer of Slutzk and later New Haven, Connecticut; and Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein.
After his marriage, Rabbi Epstein moved to his wife's hometown, in Kovno, and was joined there two years later by Rabbi Meltzer, following his marriage to Rabbi Epstein's sister-in-law, Baila Hinda Frank.
In 1897, the Alter of Slabodka (Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel; Slabodka's famed mashgiach ruchani), invited Rabbi Epstein to become the rosh yeshiva.
Rabbi Epstein accepted the post, while Rabbi Meltzer moved together with some of his best talmidim to the town of Slutsk to lead the Ridvaz's yeshiva there.
The Slabodka yeshiva flourished under the joint leadership of Rabbis Epstein and Finkel, and many of its students were crucial in nurturing the spiritual level of the Jewish people in subsequent generations.
In 1924, Rabbi Epstein, the Alter, and most of the yeshiva, relocated to Hebron, in what was then British Mandate for Palestine.
In late August 1929, Arab mobs, incited by the antisemitic Mufti of Jerusalem, swarmed the yeshiva, killing 68 Jews and wounding many more, in an event now known as the 1929 Hebron massacre.
Rabbi Epstein's other daughter married Rabbi Yechezkel Sarna (1895–1969), who succeeded Rabbi Epstein as rosh yeshiva of Chevron after his death.
The Junkers Ju 90 was a 40-seat, four-engine airliner developed for and used by Deutsche Luft Hansa shortly before World War II.
The Junkers Ju 90 airliner and transport series descended directly from the Junkers Ju 89, a contender in the Ural bomber programme aimed at producing a long-range strategic bomber.
When the Ju 89 program was abandoned, the third prototype was partially completed and at the request of Luft Hansa, it was rebuilt as an airliner, retaining the wings and tail of the original design, but incorporating a new, wider, passenger-carrying fuselage.
The tail units on the prototypes used the traditional Junkers corrugated skin, the only part of the aircraft to do so, abandoning the exposed corrugated skinning on later Ju 90 production models for the Luftwaffe.
The fins and rudders, the latter with prominent horn balances assemblies, were placed at the end of the tailplane; this latter carried the elevators separated by a gap, forming another double wing.
On the first four Ju 90As, five pairs of rectangular windows were on each side, each double pair lighting a divided-off section of the cabin containing eight seats in facing pairs on either side of a central aisle.
The Ju 90 V9 was also withdrawn and rebuilt as the Ju 390V2, later redesignated in October 1944 as the Ju 390A-1.
The Ju 90 V10's rebuild into the Ju 390 V3 bomber prototype was commenced, but was scrapped at the factory in June 1944.
The fuselage was generous by the standards of the time with an internal width of 2.83 m (9 ft 3½ in).
The first prototype, the Ju 90 V1, was powered by four Daimler-Benz DB 600C liquid-cooled inverted V engines delivering 820 kW (1,100 hp) each.
Like all the production commercial Ju 90s, this was powered by four BMW 132 radial engines delivering 620 kW (830 hp).
The move to lower power was probably necessitated by the demands on Daimler Benz to produce engines for strategically important, frontline aircraft.
Only seven of the A-1s were delivered to Luft Hansa, the last in April 1940, one going directly to the Luftwaffe.
The landing gear was strengthened with twin main wheels and the fins were more rounded, lacking the characteristic horn balance nick of the earlier models.
A special feature of both the V5 and V6 was a powered boarding ramp in the floor of the rear section of the fuselage for loading cars and larger cargo freight.
The former had a fuselage extension of 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) and the addition of dihedral to the tailplane to solve a yaw instability.
A reconnaissance prototype aerodynamically similar to the V7, the V8 was armed, however, with two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons and up to nine 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 machine guns in two dorsal, one ventral, and one tail position.
The more powerful engines and other modifications to the Ju 90 V5 and V7 were steps in this direction and the latter was converted into the Ju 290 V3.
A 1924 edict requiring enlistment in the military or supplementary secular studies in the yeshiva led a large number of students in the Slabodka yeshiva to relocate to Palestine.
On the day of the 1929 massacre, HaRav Simcha Zissel Broide, who was appointed Rosh Yeshiva in 5721 (1960/61), was not in Chevron.
Despite a delay after the death of Rabbi Moshe Hebroni, the last of the previous generation, the yeshiva moved into a new and larger campus in the south-central Givat Mordechai neighbourhood in 1975.
The company produced video games and other software for the VIC-20 home computer, the Atari 2600 home video game console, and its ComputeMate peripheral.
SpectraVision was founded in 1981 by Harry Fox and Alex Weiss as a distributor of computer games, contracting external developers to write the software.
In late 1982 the company was renamed to Spectravideo due to a naming conflict with OnCommand's Hotel TV system called SpectraVision.
The company's first attempt at a computer was an add-on for the Atari 2600 called the Spectravideo CompuMate, with a membrane keyboard and very simple programmability.
Both were powered by a Z80 A at 3.6 MHz, but differed in the amount of RAM (SV-318 had 32KB and SV-328 had 80KB total, of which 16KB was reserved for video) and keyboard style.
The main operating system, residing in ROM, was a version of Microsoft Extended BASIC, but if the computer was equipped with a floppy drive, the user had the option to boot with CP/M instead.
These two computers were precedent to MSX and not fully compatible with the standard, though the changes made to their design to create MSX were minor.
The system had a wide range of optional hardware, for example an adapter making it possible to run ColecoVision games on the SVI.
In May 1983, Spectravideo went public with the sale of 1 million shares of stock at $6.25 per share in an initial public offering underwritten by brokerage D. H. Blair & Co.
In March 1984, the company agreed to sell a 60% stake of itself to Hong Kong-based Bondwell Holding in a deal that would have also required the resignation of president Harry Fox and vice-president Alex Weiss.
That deal was set aside when Spectravideo was unable to restructure about $2.6 million worth of debt, and another deal where Fanon Courier U.S.A. Inc. would have purchased 80% of the company was struck in July.
The Fanon Courier deal similarly fell through, and Fox resigned as president in September, with Bondwell Holding purchasing over half of the company's stock and installing Bondwell vice-president Christopher Chan as the new president.
As a result of his personal studies and thinking, he had led the vast majority of the members of the original NOI to mainstream, traditional Sunni Islam by 1978.
He rejected the previous deification of Wallace Fard Muhammad, accepted whites as fellow-worshippers, forged closer ties with mainstream Muslim communities, and introduced the Five Pillars of Islam into his group's theology.
Splinter groups resisting these changes formed after Elijah Muhammad's death, particularly under Louis Farrakhan, who in 1981 would revive the name Nation of Islam (from Final Call) for his organization.
In 1980 he changed his name to Warithuddin Muhammad, Warith Deen Muhammad, which translates to 'Inheritor of the Religion of Muhammad'.
His parents were Clara and Elijah Muhammad, both highly active in the Nation of Islam (NOI), the organization that preached a form of Black nationalism and its own version of Islam.
Named to honor Wallace Fard Muhammad (Fard), the founder of the Nation of Islam, Mohammed grew up in Chicago, one of seven siblings.
His early education came from the Muhammad University of Islam school system now known as the Clara Muhammad Schools, or Muhammad Schools.
He studied Arabic as a youth under Professor Jamal Diab, a Palestinian who had been hired by his father to teach at the M.U.I.
Mohammed became a minister under his father in late 1958 and served in Philadelphia during the late 1950s and early 1960s.
In 1961, on his 28th birthday, Mohammed began a term in federal prison for having refused induction into the United States military.
Close to Malcolm X, who was also questioning the NOI, he found that by this time his viewpoints deviated significantly from those of his father, whom he no longer believed to be a prophet.
Upon the death of his father on February 25, 1975, Mohammed was unanimously chosen as the leader of the Nation of Islam and introduced to the NOI membership as such at the annual Saviours' Day convention on February 26, 1975.
Among the first changes Mohammed instituted, he dropped the title Supreme Minister and took the title Chief Imam, or simply Imam, in 1976.
He also renamed the community several times before finally settling on the American Society of Muslims to reflect the new thinking.
He rejected literal interpretations of his father's theology and Black-separatist views and on the basis of his intensive independent study of Islamic law, history, and theology, he accepted whites as fellow worshipers.
However, he also encouraged African Americans (Bilalians) to separate themselves from their pasts, in 1976 calling upon them to change their surnames which were often given to their ancestors by slave masters.
On September 10, 1978 in an address in Atlanta he resigned as Chief Imam and appointed a six-member council to lead the Community.
Warith Deen Mohammed gained widespread support among the international Muslim community, but his changes to the Nation of Islam were not universally accepted.
Mohammed was intent on strengthening bonds between his movement and the wider American Muslim faith community as well as with followers of Islam abroad.
In 1976, he took a delegation to Guyana on an official state visit to meet with Prime Minister L. Forbes Burnham, and the then President of Guyana Arthur Chung, during which he forged ties with the Muslim communities in the region.
In 1985, he met in Geneva, Switzerland with Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Al-Sharif, Secretary General of the World Islamic Call Society of Libya and Dr. Abdul Hakim Tabibi, an Afghan mujahid, to discuss areas of future cooperation with the World Islamic Call Society and the Muslim Community of America.
He hosted Grand Mufti Abdullah Mukhtar, the leader of an estimated 60 million Muslims at Masjid Bilal, during his first visit to the U.S. in 1994.
That same year, during Ramadan, he pledged to work with the then Grand Mufti of Syria, Shaikh Ahmed Kuftaro an-Naqshbandi for the advancement of Al-Islam during a meeting with Kuftaro and Shaikh Nazim al-Haqqanian-Naqshbandi.
In 1977 he participated in a Muslim-Christian dialogue in Fort Worth, Texas with Dr. Jack Evans, then President of Southwestern Christian College in Terrell, Texas.
In February 1978, he gave a historic address before more than 1,000 Jews and Muslims at the Washington Hebrew Congregation in Washington, D.C., then under the leadership of Rabbi Joshua O. Haberman.
From October 1–6, 1996 he met with Pope John Paul II and Cardinal Francis Arinze at the Holy See in Rome.
On May 18–20, 1998, he attended the Conference on Religion and Peace sponsored by the Center for Christian, Jewish Understanding of Sacred Heart University in Auschwitz, Poland.
In June 1998 he addressed the Muslim Friends of the Focolare conference in Rome, Italy, in October of the following year, along with a 92-member delegation, he spoke before a gathering of 100,000 people in the Vatican.
Early meetings with prominent political figures included Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in 1975, Sharjah ruler Sheik Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi in 1976, and U.S. President Jimmy Carter in 1977.
He was the only American invited and the only American to attend the 10th Annual Islamic Conference of Ministers in May, 1979, in Fes, Morocco.
Mohammed gave the first invocation in the United States Senate ever by a Muslim in 1992 That same year, he became the first Muslim to deliver an address on the floor of the Georgia State Legislature.
In 1993, he gave an Islamic prayer during the first Inaugural Interfaith Prayer Service of President Bill Clinton, and again in 1997 at the second Interfaith Prayer Service.
In 1986, he was selected to serve on the World Supreme Council of Masajid (mosques) as one of only three representatives of the United States.
Also in 1995 he was selected as a President of the World Conference of Religions for Peace (WCRP) and addressed its governing board in Copenhagen, Denmark.
On July 4, 1976 he started the New World Patriotism Day celebrations which were conducted on Independence Day in major cities across America.
In 1984, Mohammed went against the mainstream African American political establishment and opposed Reverend Jesse Jackson's run for the Democratic nomination for President.
On behalf of the Muslim American Community, he donated $85,000 to Nelson Mandela to aid his efforts to end apartheid in South Africa during a personal meeting in Oakland, California on June 30, 1990.
On his 44th Birthday October 30, 1977, Mohammed received the Key to the City of Detroit, Michigan from the then Mayor of Detroit Coleman Young, along with a Proclamation declaring October 30, 1977 Wallace D. Muhammad Day in Detroit.
On April 6, 2002, Mohammed was made a member of the Martin Luther King, Jr. International Board of Preachers at Morehouse College in Atlanta, and his portrait was hung in the International Chapel there.
On Saturday, September 3, 2005, the Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) presented an award to W. Deen Mohammed in recognition of his outstanding leadership role in the American Muslim community at The Mosque Cares sponsored Annual Islamic Convention.
Angra was formed in November 1991 by Santa Marcelina Music College students vocalist Andre Matos and guitarists Rafael Bittencourt and André Linhares.
The band appeared at the Buenos Aires edition of Monsters of Rock, while they co-headlined shows in Europe with Time Machine and Stratovarius in 1999.
Bruce Dickinson made a guest appearance during the Paris show, while the band also performed at the Wacken Open Air festival.
During mid-2000 Angra split, parting ways with vocalist Andre Matos who took bassist Luis Mariutti and drummer Ricardo Confessori with him.
In March 2001, the two remaining members, Kiko Loureiro and Rafael Bittencourt, announced the new line-up that included Symbols' vocalist Eduardo Falaschi, drummer Aquiles Priester and bassist Felipe Andreoli.
The album was both a critical and commercial success in Brazil and internationally, selling over 100,000 copies worldwide in less than two months.
Angra would play live in Japan, appearing in Rock Machine in Spain, Wacken Open Air in Germany and ProgPower in Atlanta, Georgia, which was their first visit to the United States.
The album featured guest vocalists Kai Hansen (Gamma Ray), Sabine Edelsbacher (Edenbridge), Hansi Kürsch (Blind Guardian) and Brazilian legend Milton Nascimento.
For the first time since its creation, the band played at a UK show at The Mean Fiddler in London, supported by DragonForce, and later joined Finnish band Nightwish for the Japanese dates in March.
Angra resumed the Brazilian tour and then returned to Europe for the Lorca Roch Festival, Live in Italy and Bull Rock Festival, sharing stages with big heavy metal names like Iron Maiden.
In mid-2007, the band took a break due to an unresolved situation with its manager, who was also the owner of the Angra brand.
In March 2009, the band's official site announced the return of drummer Ricardo Confessori after a 9-year hiatus to Angra, replacing Aquiles Priester, who left the band to dedicate full force to his band Hangar.
The album was composed partly at the members' houses and partly at Confessori's ranch, where they rehearsed and improved the arrangements of the new songs.
A third, surprise guest was also announced mid-show: lead guitarist Marcelo Barbosa, who was revealed as Loureiro's touring replacement after the latter had joined Megadeth earlier in the year.
Paul Gouin (May 20, 1898 – December 4, 1976) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, was the son of Lomer Gouin and the grandson of Honoré Mercier.
He fought in World War I as a tank commander, studied at Université Laval, and was admitted to the bar of Quebec in 1920.
Dissatisfied with the direction of the Quebec Liberal Party, he helped found the Action libérale nationale party on June 6, 1934.
Gouin withdrew his support from Duplessis on June 18, 1936, but most members of the ALN caucus sided with Duplessis and joined with his Conservative caucus, which formally merged into the Union Nationale party, which not long afterwards won the 1936 election.
However, the ALN did poorly in the 1939 election, winning only 4.5% of the popular vote and no seats, and soon disbanded.
He helped found the Bloc populaire canadien in 1942 but left it in early 1944 when André Laurendeau was chosen to lead the Quebec wing of the party.
UTV (formerly Ulster Television) is a British free-to-air television channel owned and operated by ITV plc as part of the ITV Network.
Formed in November 1958 and appointed as programme contractor for the Independent Television Authority soon after, UTV became the first indigenous broadcaster in Northern Ireland.
The governing body of the Independent Television network, the Independent Television Authority, first advertised the franchise for Northern Ireland in September 1958.
The ITA eventually persuaded both applicants to merge their bids to obtain the new franchise, on the provision that a greater stake of investment in the station was offered to Catholic sources.
With the ITA request met, the group, under the name Ulster Television Limited, set out their plans for broadcasting; initially, the station would try to provide 20 minutes of locally sourced programmes per day, and the company arranged with ABC Television to sell advertising time and to maintain their studio premises at a former hemstitching warehouse in Havelock House on the Ormeau Road in Belfast.
The station's opening was overseen by Lord Wakehurst, then Governor of Northern Ireland, and Sir Laurence Olivier introduced the opening ceremony.
On the station's first night of programmes however, it was reported that some residents of Dublin, located over 100 miles away, had called the station to report poor picture reception.
In the early 1980s it broadcast reduced hours when no schools programmes were being broadcast coming on air at 12 noon during the week, and closing down every evening at 23:30 - this remained in place until 1982.
At the company's annual general meeting in Belfast on 26 May 2006, the registered company name was changed from 'Ulster Television plc' to 'UTV plc'.
In a further change in October 2007, UTV underwent a corporate reorganisation which saw UTV shareholders swap their shares for shares in a new holding company, UTV Media plc, which took over UTV plc's shareholdings in the new media and radio subsidiaries.
UTV Ltd. – the original Ulster Television Limited, now a wholly owned subsidiary of UTV Media – returned to being solely the operating company for the ITV franchise.
On 19 October 2015, UTV Media announced that it would sell its ITV franchise and the UTV brand to ITV plc for £100 million, subject to regulatory approval.
On 11 July 2016, ITV plc announced that it would sell the UTV Ireland service to Virgin Media Ireland (which had bought Ireland's TV3 in 2015).
The former UTV Media group was restructured and rebranded as The Wireless Group, retaining its radio assets until June 2016, when the company was brought by Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.
In July 2016, ITV plc sold UTV Ireland to Virgin Media Ireland - a subsidiary of Liberty Media - for €10 million.
UTV began broadcasting from a new state-of-the-art broadcast centre at City Quays 2 in the Belfast Harbour Estate from 1 July 2018.
As of October 2016, playout and presentation for the channel originates from Ericsson's transmission centre in Chiswick, which provides services for most of ITV's channels.
UTV was the last company in the ITV network to retain in-vision continuity announcements, where the duty announcer appeared on-camera to introduce the evening's programmes.
In later years, local continuity was generally restricted to evenings with in-vision links presented at weekends by senior announcer Julian Simmons.
The last live in-vision announcement was made by Simmons at 11.15 pm on Sunday 16 October 2016, marking the end of 57 years of transmission originating from Havelock House.
In common with the rest of the ITV Network, the station aired specially composed signature tunes as part of its daily start-up routine.
On 5 March 2012, UTV Media announced it had signed new network arrangements for the provision of Channel 3 programmes and services with ITV plc.
Included in the agreement is a deal which ensured the distribution of UTV HD on Freeview when the digital switchover took place on 24 October 2012 and on Sky and Freesat on 4 November 2013.
Originally UTV's acquisition and presentation infrastructure was SD only; all HD content was line-fed to UTV in Belfast from Technicolor Network Services' transmission facility at Chiswick Park, with UTV's presentation and local content being upscaled and switched into the transmission chain for UTV HD using a simple A/B switcher.
On 4 January 2011, Freeview announced details for the launch of ITV1+1, together with the possibility that both STV and UTV will launch their own timeshift services, STV +1 and UTV +1 in Scotland and Northern Ireland respectively.
Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is an Australian former politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 2010 to 2013.
She was previously the 13th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from 2007 until 2010 and held the cabinet positions of Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Social Inclusion from 2007 to 2010.
She was the first and to date only woman to hold the positions of Deputy Prime Minister, Prime Minister and leader of a major party in Australia.
Gillard went on to the University of Adelaide, but switched to the University of Melbourne in 1982, where she eventually graduated with Bachelor of Laws (1986) and Bachelor of Arts (1989) degrees.
She became a partner in 1990, specialising in industrial law, but left in 1996 to become chief of staff to John Brumby, the leader of the Labor Party in Victoria.
When Kevin Rudd was elected as party leader and Leader of the Opposition in December 2006, Gillard was elected unopposed as his deputy.
Upon Labor's victory at the 2007 election, she became the first female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, and was made Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Social Inclusion.
On , after Rudd lost the support of his party and resigned, Gillard was elected unopposed as his replacement, thus becoming prime minister.
Following her departure from politics, Gillard became an honorary visiting professor at the University of Adelaide, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution's Center for Universal Education.
She has been on the board of the mental health organisation Beyond Blue since December 2014 and its chair since July 2017, and was made an honorary fellow of Aberystwyth University in June 2015.
Her mother was born in Barry, and is of distant Scottish and Irish descent; she worked in a Salvation Army nursing home.
After Gillard suffered from bronchopneumonia as a child, her parents were advised it would aid her recovery if they were to live in a warmer climate.
The Gillard family's first month in Australia was spent in the Pennington Hostel, a now-closed migrant facility located in Pennington, South Australia.
As a result, Gillard held dual citizenship until she renounced her British citizenship prior to entering the Australian parliament in 1998.
She began an arts degree at the University of Adelaide, during which she was president of the Adelaide University Union from 1981 to 1982.
Gillard cut short her courses in Adelaide in 1982, and moved to Melbourne to work with the Australian Union of Students.
In 1983, she became the second woman to lead the Australian Union of Students, serving until the organisation's discontinuation in 1984.
Having transferred her studies to the University of Melbourne, Gillard graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1986 and a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1989.
In 1990, she was admitted as a partner; at the age of 29, she was the youngest partner within the firm, and one of the first women to hold the position.
She stood for Labor preselection in the Division of Melbourne prior to the 1993 federal election, but was defeated by Lindsay Tanner.
At the 1996 federal election, Gillard won the third position on Labor's Senate ticket in Victoria, behind Robert Ray and Barney Cooney.
In 1996, Gillard resigned from her position with Slater & Gordon in order to serve as chief of staff to John Brumby, at that time the Leader of the Opposition in Victoria.
Gillard was first elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election representing Lalor, a safe Labor seat near Melbourne, replacing Barry Jones who retired.
Gillard was a member of the standing committee for Employment, Education and Workplace Relations from 8 December 1998 to 8 December 2001, in addition to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs from 20 March 2003 to 18 August 2003.
Within the joint committees, she was a member of the Public Accounts and Audit from 8 December 1998 to 11 February 2002, in addition to the Native Title and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund from 20 March 2003 to 11 August 2003.
After Labor's defeat at the 2001 federal election, Gillard was elected to the Shadow Cabinet under then-Labor Leader Simon Crean, where she was given responsibility for Population and Immigration.
In these roles, in the wake of the Tampa and Children Overboard affairs, which were partly credited with Labor's 2001 election loss, Gillard developed a new immigration policy for the Labor Party.
Gillard was later promoted to the position of Shadow Minister for Health and Deputy Manager of Opposition Business in the House (to Mark Latham) on 2 July 2003.
She was later given additional responsibility for managing opposition business in the House of Representatives by Latham, who had succeeded Beazley as Labor Party leader.
In the aftermath of Labor's fourth consecutive defeat in the 2004 federal election it was widely speculated that Gillard might challenge Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership, but she did not do so.
Gillard had been spoken of as a potential future leader of the party for some years, but never stood in a leadership contest.
Although she had significant cross-factional support, she announced on 25 January 2005 that she would not contest the leadership, allowing Beazley to be elected unopposed.
On 1 December 2006, as part of a cross-factional political partnership with Kevin Rudd, Gillard challenged Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership.
After Rudd successfully replaced Beazley as Labor Leader on 4 December 2006, Macklin chose to resign, allowing Gillard to become Deputy Leader unopposed.
In the subsequent reshuffle, Gillard was allocated responsibility for Employment, Workplace Relations and Social Inclusion, as well as being made Deputy Leader of the Opposition.
After the Labor Party's victory in the 2007 federal election, Gillard was sworn in as the first ever female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia on 3 December 2007.
Formed in late-2007 as a result of an internal review, the SPBC was responsible for the government's handling of the 2007–08 global financial crisis.
On 11 December 2007, Gillard was acting prime minister while Rudd attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali, becoming the first woman ever to hold that position.
In her role as Minister for Education, Gillard travelled to Washington D.C. in 2009, where she signed a deal with US Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to encourage improved policy collaboration in education reform between both countries.
The establishment of the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), an independent authority responsible for the development of a national curriculum, was amongst her first policy pursuits in 2008.
Gillard also ensured the implementation of the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) in 2008, whereby a series of standardised tests focused on basic skills are administered annually to Australian students.
This was followed by the introduction of the My School website; launched in January 2010, the website reports on data from NAPLAN and displays information such as school missions, staffing, financial information, its resources and its students' characteristics.
Prime Minister Kevin Rudd suffered a decline in his personal ratings, and a perceived loss of support among his own MPs, following the failure of the Government's insulation program, controversy regarding the implementation of a tax on mining, the failure of the government to secure passage of its carbon trading scheme and some policy debate about immigration policy.
On 23 June 2010 he announced that Gillard had asked him to hold a leadership ballot the following day to determine the leadership of the Labor Party, and hence the Prime Ministership of Australia.
Rudd initially said that he would challenge Gillard, but it soon became apparent that he did not have enough support within the party to survive in his position.
Hours before the vote on 24 June, he resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labor Party, leaving Gillard to assume the leadership unopposed.
Shortly afterward, Gillard was sworn in as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia by Governor-General Quentin Bryce, with Swan being sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister.
The members of the Rudd Ministry, with the exception of Rudd himself who returned to the backbenches, subsequently became the members of the First Gillard Ministry.
Upon her election by the Labor Party, Gillard said that she wouldn't move into The Lodge until she was elected Prime Minister in her own right, instead choosing to divide her time between a flat in Canberra and her home in Altona, a western suburb of Melbourne.
As well as being the first female Prime Minister, and the first never to have married, Gillard is the first Prime Minister since Billy Hughes to have been born overseas.
On 17 July 2010, 23 days after becoming prime minister and after receiving the agreement of the Governor-General Quentin Bryce, Gillard announced the next federal election would be held on 21 August 2010.
In the early stages of the campaign, a series of leaks were released by purported Labor Party sources, indicating apparent divisions within Cabinet over the replacement of Kevin Rudd by Gillard.
Unable to agree on further debates, the leaders went on to appear separately on stage for questioning at community forums in Sydney, New South Wales and Brisbane, Queensland.
Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.
Four crossbench MPs, Greens Adam Bandt and independents Andrew Wilkie, Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply, allowing Gillard and Labor to remain in power with a minority government.
Following the 2010 hung parliament election result, the Labor Party elected to adopt the Australian Greens preference for a carbon tax to transition to an emissions trading scheme, establishing a carbon price via the Clean Energy Act 2011.
In December 2012, Swan announced that the government no longer expected to achieve a surplus, citing falling revenue and global economic conditions.
She announced during the 2010 election, that there would be an increase of 270 placements for emergency doctors and nurses and 3,000 extra nursing scholarships over the following 10 years.
She also said mental health would be a priority in her second term, with a $277 million suicide-prevention package which would target high-risk groups.
As the election delivered a hung parliament, a $1.8 billion package was given to rural hospitals, which was agreed to by the independents to support her re-election.
In October 2010, her government introduced legislation to reform funding arrangements for the health system, with the intention of giving the Commonwealth responsibility for providing the majority of funding to public hospitals and 100 per cent of funding for primary care and GP services.
In February 2011, Gillard announced extensive revision of the original health funding reforms proposed by the Rudd Government, which had been unable to secure the support of all state governments.
The revised Gillard government plan proposed that the federal government move towards providing 50% of new health funding (and not 60 per cent as originally agreed) and removed the requirement of the states to cede a proportion of their GST revenue to the Federal Government in order to fund the new arrangement.
In October 2011 trade minister Craig Emerson released a paper with Gillard's approval which advocated for continued rapid rates of population growth.
After winning leadership of the Labor Party, Gillard identified addressing the issue of unauthorised arrivals of asylum seekers as a priority of her government.
Gillard ruled out a return to processing at Nauru and named East Timor as a preferred location for new detention and processing facilities.
In October 2010, her government announced that it would open two detention centres for 2000 immigrants, due to the pressures in allowing women and children to be released into the community.
On 15 December 2010, a ship containing 89 asylum seekers crashed on the shore of Christmas Island, killing up to fifty people.
Refugee and migrant advocates condemned the government's hardline policy as responsible for the tragedy, and Labor Party President Anna Bligh called for a complete review of the party's asylum seeker policy.
In April 2011, Australia's federal government confirmed that a detention centre for single men would be built at the old army barracks at Pontville, 45 minutes north of Hobart, Tasmania.
Also in April 2011, immigration detainees at the Villawood detention centre rioted in protest of their treatment, setting fire to several buildings.
Gillard and Immigration Minister Chris Bowen said they were close to signing a bilateral agreement which would result in 800 asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat being taken to Malaysia instead.
However, on 31 August, the High Court ruled that the agreement to transfer refugees from Australia to Malaysia was invalid, and ordered that it not proceed.
The asylum seeker debate returned during August 2012 following the report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, led by retired Air Chief Marshall Angus Houston.
Accepting the panel's recommendation, Gillard on 12 August 2012 announced that a bill then before Parliament would be amended to allow the Government to choose sites for off-shore processing.
At the same time she announced the Government would nominate the former detention centres on Nauru and Manus Island, Papua New Guinea to be re-opened.
Gillard held the responsibilities of the Education portfolio for four days after becoming Prime Minister, before appointing Simon Crean as Education Minister on 28 June 2010.
The Gillard Government in January 2011 extended tax cuts to parents to help pay for stationery, textbooks or computer equipment under the Education Tax Refund scheme.
As Education Minister under Rudd, Gillard commissioned David Gonski to be chairman of a committee to make recommendations regarding funding of education in Australia.
The findings and recommendations of the committee were later presented to the Gillard Government in November 2011, whereafter deliberations were entered into by the Federal and state governments to consider its content.
The report was removed from the government website by the newly elected Abbott Government after the 2013 Federal election and is preserved by Australia's Pandora Archive.
Gillard continued to put the My School website centre of her education agenda, which was controversial at the time when she implemented it as Minister for Education.
Legislation which would have been voted on in November 2010 would have seen the introduction of a national universities regulator; however, this was delayed until 2011 following criticisms from the higher education sector.
It was also announced by her government that legislation to establish the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency would also be introduced early 2011.
During his 2012 leadership challenge against Gillard's prime ministership, Rudd said that it was Gillard and Swan who convinced him to delay his Emissions Trading Scheme.
The assembly was to be selected by an independent authority who would select people from the electoral roll using census data.
In the first hung parliament result in 70 years, the Gillard Government, with the support of the Australian Greens and some cross bench independents, negotiated the implementation of a carbon tax (the preferred policy of the Australian Greens), by which a fixed-price carbon tax would proceed to a floating-price ETS within a few years under the plans.
In 2010, Gillard agreed with Nick Xenophon, Andrew Wilkie and the Australian Greens to introduce poker machine reform legislation (to curb problem gambling) into the Australian parliament by May 2012.
After members of the cross bench advised that they would not support this bill in the Australian House of Representatives, Gillard withdrew her support.
On 21 January 2012, Wilkie announced that he was withdrawing his support for the Gillard Government after it broke the agreement he had signed with Gillard to implement mandatory pre-commitment for all poker machines by 2014.
He stated that he would support the government's alternative plan to trial pre-commitment in the ACT and require that pre-commitment technology be installed in all poker machines built from 2013, but that this fell short of what he had been promised in return for supporting the government.
In response, Gillard and Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs Jenny Macklin argued that there was not enough support in the House of Representatives for Wilkie's preferred option for it to be passed, and that they had been advised it was technically unfeasible to implement mandatory commitment within the time frame he had specified.
The triennial Labor conference held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a conscience vote to parliament through a private member's bill, rather than a binding vote.
Despite Gillard, who had previously stated her personal objection to same-sex marriage, the motion passed narrowly by 208 votes to 184.
On 19 September 2012, the House of Representatives voted against passing its same-sex marriage bill by a margin of 98-42 votes.
On 21 March 2013, Gillard delivered a national apology on behalf of the Australian Parliament to all those affected by the forced adoption practices that took place in Australia from the late–1950s to the 1970s.
The apology, held in the Great Hall of Parliament House, was well–received by the 800 attendees, most of whom were victims or shared a connection to these practices.
When Gillard replaced Rudd in 2010, Stephen Smith retained the portfolio of Foreign Affairs up until the 2010 election, when he was moved to Defence.
When Gillard was not present in the Australia due to international commitments, or in other circumstances, Wayne Swan assumed the title of acting prime minister; when neither leader nor deputy were present in Australia, Leader of the Government in the Senate Chris Evans assumed the role, as occurred in October and November 2012.
After the creation of a no-fly zone, which Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd vocally supported, Gillard voiced strong support for the 2011 military intervention in Libya.
The report included focus on Australia's relations with China, India, the key ASEAN countries as well as Japan and South Korea.
On her first day as prime minister, Gillard reassured US president Barack Obama of Australia's continuing support for the military campaign in Afghanistan, which was then in its ninth year of operation.
She visited Afghanistan on 2 October 2010, meeting with members of the Australian Defence Force in Tarinkot, and President Hamid Karzai in Kabul.
Following the visit, A parliamentary debate was conducted for four sitting weeks of parliament in November 2010, with the agreement between Gillard and Abbott that it would be necessary for Australian soldiers to stay in Afghanistan and prevent it from becoming a safe haven for terrorists.
She made her second trip to Afghanistan on 7 November 2011; much like her first trip, Gillard visited the 1,550 Australian troops based in Tarinkot, before meeting Karzai in Kabul where the two discussed the transition plans for Afghan military control.
In April 2012, Gillard announced at a speech to the Australian Strategic Policy Institute that her government would withdraw all Australian combat forces from Afghanistan by the end of 2013, a year earlier than anticipated; nevertheless, she also committed Australia to long-term military and financial support for Afghanistan in the years following the 2014 transition to military control.
Gillard made her third and final trip to the country on 15 October 2012, where she met with President Kurzai, the governor of the Urozgan Province, before visiting the troops based in the aforementioned province.
Relations between Australia and India improved throughout Gillard's premiership, following a strained period between the two countries as a result of the Rudd Government's decision to ban uranium sales to India in 2007, and the prolonged attacks against Indians living in Australia during 2009 to 2010.
The Rudd Government had previously blocked uranium sales to India as a result of the Indian Government not being a signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
The change in policy was supported a month later at the Labor Party National Conference, and Gillard reversed Australia's ban on exporting uranium to India on 4 December 2011.
Gillard further expressed that any future agreement to sell uranium to India would include strict safeguards to ensure it would only be used for civilian purposes, and not end up in nuclear weapons.
Gillard made her prime-ministerial visit to India on 16 October 2012, for a three-day bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, where they negotiated the safeguards required prior to the commencement of uranium trading between India and Australia.
The prospect of a quick trading arrangement was downplayed by both leaders in 2012; nevertheless, Gillard's efforts in brokering the deal was a precursor of the agreement being finalised between Prime Minister Tony Abbott and his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, in 2014.
This was her second trip to India whilst in Government; on 31 August 2009, Gillard, then–deputy prime minister, met in India with Minister of Human Resource Development Kapil Sibal for the purpose of discussing the Australian Government's response to the string of attacks on Indian people living in Australia and attending Australian educational institutions.
She had a close working relationship with her New Zealand counterpart, Prime Minister John Key, who was among the first international leaders to congratulate Gillard on gaining the premiership in June 2010.
In late 2010, the World Trade Organization overturned Australia's 1921 import restriction on New Zealand apples on the basis such ban was 'unscientific', after the New Zealand Government had appealed a decision by the Rudd Government which imposed further quarantine measures.
Gillard and Key had previously made a symbolic bet on the outcome of the 2011 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand, whereby the losing team of either leader would eat an apple of whichever of the two countries won; New Zealand won, and Gillard would later honour the bet in February 2013, during a dinner with Key.
On 15 February 2011, Gillard made her first trip to New Zealand, during which she met with Key and held a luncheon with business leaders in Auckland.
To conclude her two-day visit to New Zealand, Gillard travelled to Wellington on 16 February, where she became the first foreign dignitary to address the New Zealand Parliament in its history.
In her speech, Gillard reflected on the countries' close ties to one another, their shared defence history, and efforts to increase economic cooperation.
Her second visit to New Zealand, coincided with the September 2011 gathering of the Pacific Islands Forum, held in Auckland, of which both Australia and New Zealand are members.
Gillard made her final trip to New Zealand on 9 February 2013; visiting Queenstown, she and Prime Minister Key announced a deal on asylum seekers, which would see New Zealand accept 150 refugees annually from Australia, starting in 2014.
In relations with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, Gillard represented Australia at the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in London in April 2011 and hosted the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Perth in October of that year.
The Perth CHOGM saw the historic announcement, by Gillard and British Prime Minister David Cameron, of changes to the succession laws regarding to thrones of the Commonwealth realms, overturning rules privileging male over female heirs to the line of succession and removing a ban on Roman Catholic consorts.
At the CHOGM, Gillard also hosted Queen Elizabeth II, for what was suggested to be the Monarch's final visit to Australia, due to her age.
In a 2008 speech in Washington, Gillard endorsed the ANZUS Alliance and described the United States as a civilising global influence.
She held formal meetings with President Barack Obama, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
Gillard addressed a joint session of the United States Congress, becoming the fourth Australian leader to do so and first foreign dignitary to address the 112th congress.
During the course of Gillard's prime ministership, sexism had been a contentious issue for a number of Labor and Greens Party figures, as well as some commentators.
In early October, the Opposition Leader's wife, Margie Abbott, accused the Gillard Government of a deliberate campaign to smear Tony Abbott, on gender issues.
Labor had secured the defection of Slipper from the Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) to sit in the Speaker's chair a year earlier, but he was forced to stand aside from his main duties in April 2012 pending the conclusion of a criminal investigation.
In the light of poor polling results for the Gillard Government, speculation that Foreign Minister and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd wished to challenge Gillard for the leadership culminated with Rudd resigning from the Cabinet on 22 February 2012.
After resigning, Rudd stated that he did not think Gillard could defeat the Coalition at the next election and that, since his resignation, he had received encouragement from Labor MPs and Cabinet Ministers to contest the leadership.
Gillard responded to these developments by announcing a leadership ballot for the morning of 27 February 2012, saying that if she lost the vote she would return to the backbench and renounce any claims to the leadership.
After Labor's polling position worsened in the wake of Gillard announcing the date of the 2013 election, these tensions came to a head when former Labor Leader and Regional Minister Simon Crean called for a leadership spill and backed Rudd on 21 March 2013.
Ten minutes before the ballot was due to occur, Rudd publicly announced that he would not contest the leadership, in line with the commitment he had made following the 2012 contest.
As such, Gillard and Wayne Swan were the only candidates for the Leadership and Deputy Leadership of the Labor Party, and were elected unopposed.
Several ministers subsequently resigned from the government, including Chief Government Whip Joel Fitzgibbon, Human Services Minister Kim Carr, and Energy Minister Martin Ferguson.
Nevertheless, speculation on Gillard's leadership remained a major issue, with polling results indicating an electoral disaster were she to lead the Labor Party into the election.
It was reported that Gillard's supporter Bill Shorten was under pressure to ask her to resign, creating a vacancy that Rudd would contest.
By the end of June 2013, Labor's standing in the polls had worsened, and the Coalition had been leading in most opinion polls for two years; one poll in early June showed that Labor would be reduced to as few as 40 seats after the next election.
With a general election due later that year, even some staunch Gillard supporters began to believe that Labor faced almost certain defeat if Gillard continued as leader.
According to the ABC's Barrie Cassidy, the question was not whether Gillard would be ousted as Labor leader, but when the ousting would take place.
Following further speculation over her leadership, on 26 June a rumour emerged that supporters of Kevin Rudd were collecting signatures for a letter demanding an immediate leadership vote.
She challenged any would-be opponent to join her in a pledge that, while the winner would become leader, the loser would immediately retire from politics.
Despite his earlier comments that he would not return to the leadership under any circumstances, Kevin Rudd announced that he would challenge Gillard for the leadership, and committed to retiring from politics if he lost.
Following her defeat in the leadership vote on 26 June 2013, Gillard congratulated Rudd on his win and announced that she would immediately tender her resignation as Prime Minister to the Governor-General, Quentin Bryce.
She also announced, in keeping with her pledge before the leadership vote, that she would not re-contest her seat of Lalor at the upcoming election, and thus would retire from politics.
Gillard's resignation as Prime Minister took effect the following day, upon the swearing in of Rudd, and she made her final appearance in the House of Representatives shortly thereafter.
By the conclusion of her tenure, Gillard overtook Gough Whitlam as the 14th longest–serving Prime Minister of Australia, having served in the position for three full years.
She also became the longest–serving Prime Minister since John Howard's electoral loss in 2007; a record which has not been exceeded by successive Prime Ministers Rudd, Abbott, Malcolm Turnbull, or , current Prime Minister Scott Morrison.
Subsequent to the federal election held on 7 September 2013, Gillard was succeeded as the Member for Lalor by her preferred replacement, Joanne Ryan, a former school principal.
Although nominally a member of the Victorian Left faction of the Labor Party, her election to Prime Minister occurred because of support from the Right factions of the party, with the hard Left planning to support Rudd in the Caucus vote had there actually been one.
Following the elevation of republican Malcolm Turnbull to the prime-ministership in September 2015, Gillard along with Rudd tweeted their support for Peter FitzSimons, the head of the Australian Republican Movement, and his call for new members to join the movement.
Pertaining to unplanned pregnancies and counselling, Gillard is of the view that women ought to be couselled by someone of their choice – as opposed to only trained professionals referred to by their general practitioners.
The triennial Labor conference held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a conscience vote to parliament through a private member's bill, rather than a binding vote.
When the private members bill was introduced by Labor backbencher Stephen Jones, it was defeated in the House of Representatives on 19 September 2012.
In the book, Gillard reflects on various personal aspects of her life and career, including her own analysis of the people and key players during the Rudd–Gillard Governments.
Following requests from Xenophon for a personal apology from Gillard, on 6 August 2015 she published a personal apology to him in a number of Australian newspapers.
Prior to the 2016 election campaign, Gillard offered her assistance to the Labor party, whereby a video was released of her endorsing and seeking donations for the party's education policy.
She later joined former Labor Prime Ministers Bob Hawke and Paul Keating at Bill Shorten's Labor campaign launch on 19 June 2016.
Having endorsed Clinton after she announced her candidacy in April 2015, Gillard appeared in a campaign video in October, wherein she advocated for the presidential candidate and her leadership surrounding women's issues.
Gillard attended the first day of the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia on 25 July 2016, alongside former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
In April 2014, Gillard was admitted to the degree of Doctor of Victoria University, honoris causa, for her accomplishments surrounding education and disability reform as a political leader.
In January 2016 she opened the Julia Gillard Library in the Melbourne suburb of Tarneit; the library's name was selected by the Wyndham City Council to recognise her contributions as both the local member of parliament and Prime Minister.
Having moved back to Adelaide, Gillard was appointed an honorary Visiting Professor of Politics at the University of Adelaide in 2013.
In February 2014, Gillard was appointed chairwoman of the Global Partnership for Education, an international organisation focused on getting all children into school for a quality education in the world's poorest countries.
Later that year, in December, Gillard joined the board of the mental health organisation Beyond Blue, chaired by former Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett.
Kennett announced on 21 March 2017 that he would be stepping down from the position during the second–half of the year, almost 17 years after founding the organisation; Gillard succeeded him as chair of Beyond Blue on 1 July 2017, becoming the first former Prime Minister since Malcolm Fraser to head a mental-health organisation.
In September 2016 Gillard was appointed a visiting professor at King's College London, joining the King's Policy Institute to chair the Global Institute for Women's Leadership, as well as the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies.
Gillard is the most recent former prime minister to have received such award since John Howard in 2008, and the sixth prime minister overall.
Gillard owned a single-storey home in the south-western Melbourne suburb of Altona which she occupied prior to The Lodge and sold in December 2013.
She was also involved in providing legal services in relation to the purchase of a Fitzroy property by Wilson and Blewitt.
Wilson and Blewitt have been accused of creating the association in order to use a slush fund for personal benefit, including diverting funds for the purchase of the house in Fitzroy.
A subsequent Royal Commission into union corruption found that Gillard had not committed or known of any criminal activity, but had displayed a lapse in professional judgement.
It was developed during the mid-1930s for the Royal Air Force (RAF) as a monoplane successor to the Hawker Hart and Hind biplanes.
The Battle was powered by the same high-performance Rolls-Royce Merlin piston engine that powered various contemporary British fighters like the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire.
With only two .303 in machine guns as defensive armament, it was found to be highly vulnerable to enemy fighters and anti-aircraft fire.
As an aircraft that had been considered to hold great promise in the pre-war era, the Battle proved to be one of the most disappointing aircraft in RAF service.
In April 1933, the British Air Ministry issued Specification P.27/32 which sought a two-seat single-engine monoplane day bomber to replace the Hawker Hart and Hind biplane bombers then in service with the Royal Air Force (RAF).
A requirement of the prospective aircraft was to be capable of carrying of bombs over a distance of while flying at a speed of .
According to aviation author Tony Buttler, during the early 1930s, Britain had principally envisioned that any future war would see France as its enemy and thus the distance to enable the bomber to reach Paris was a factor in determining the necessary range that was sought.
According to aerospace publication Air International, a key motivational factor in the Air Ministry's development of Specification P.27/32 had been for the corresponding aircraft to act as an insurance policy in the event that heavier bombers were banned by the 1932 Geneva Disarmament Conference.
The Fairey Aviation Company were keen to produce a design to meet the demands of Specification P.27/32 and commenced work upon such a design.
One of the early decisions made by Lobelle on the project was the use of the newly developed Rolls-Royce Merlin I engine, which had been selected due to its favourable power and compact frontal area.
The choice of engine enabled the designing of the aircraft to possess exceptionally clean lines and a subsequently generous speed performance.
The resulting design was an all-metal single-engine aircraft, which adopted a low-mounted cantilever monoplane wing and was equipped with a retractable tail wheel undercarriage.
A total of four companies decided to formally respond to Specification P.27/32, these being the Fairey, Hawker Aircraft, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, and Bristol Aeroplane Company.
The prototype was promptly transferred to RAF Martlesham Heath, Woodbridge, Suffolk for service trials, during which it attained a maximum speed of 257 MPH and reportedly achieved a performance in advance of any contemporary day bomber.
Even prior to the first flight of the prototype, some members of the Air Staff had concluded that both the specified range and bomb load, to which the aircraft had been designed to, were insufficient to enable its viable use in a prospective conflict with a re-emergent Germany.
During these trials, it demonstrated the Battle's ability to conduct missions of a 1,000 mile range while under a full bomb load.
By the end of 1937, 85 Battles had been completed and a number of RAF squadrons had been re-equipped with the type, or were otherwise in the process of re-equipping.
As the RAF embarked on what became a substantial pre-war expansion programme, the Battle was promptly recognised as being a priority production target.
In June 1937, the first aircraft was completed at Hayes, but all subsequent aircraft were manufactured at Fairey's newly completed factory at Heaton Chapel, Stockport.
Subsequently, as part of government-led wartime production planning, a shadow factory operated by the Austin Motor Company at Cofton Hackett, Longbridge, also produced the type, manufacturing a total of 1,029 aircraft to Specification P.32/36.
At that point, concerns that the aircraft was obsolete had become widespread, but due to the difficulties associated with getting other aircraft types into production, and the labour force having already been established, stop-gap orders were maintained, and production continued at a steady rate through to late 1940.
A further 16 were built by Fairey for service with the Belgian Air Force (contrary to popular belief, they were not built in Belgium).
The Belgian Battles were delivered in early 1938, and were differentiated from British-built examples by having a longer radiator cowling and a smoother camouflage finish.
A number of Battles which had been originally completed as bombers were later converted to serve in different roles, such as target tugs and trainer aircraft.
Production aircraft were progressively powered by various models of the Merlin engine, such as the Merlin I, II, III (most numerous) and V but all bomber variants were called the Battle Mk I.
The forward section, in front of the cockpit, relied mainly upon a steel tubular structure to support the weight of the nose-mounted engine; the rear section was of a metal monocoque structure comprised hoop frames and Z-section stringers which was built on jigs.
The structure of the aircraft involved several innovations and firsts for Fairey, it had the distinction of being the company's first low-wing monoplane; it also was the first light-alloy stressed-skin construction aircraft to be produced by the firm.
The internal structure of the wings relied upon steel spars which varied in dimension towards the wing tips; the ailerons, elevators and rudder all were metal-framed with fabric coverings, while the split trailing edge flaps were entirely composed of metal.
The Battle was furnished with a single cockpit to accommodate a crew of three, these typically being a pilot, observer/navigator and radio operator/air gunner.
The pilot and gunner were seated in a tandem arrangement in the cockpit, the pilot in the forward position controlling the fixed .303 Browning machine gun mounted in the starboard wing, while the gunner was in the rear position where he could use the manually-aimed .303 Vickers K machine gun.
The observer's position, who served as the bomb aimer, was situated directly beneath the pilot's seat; sighting was performed in the prone position through a sliding panel in the floor of the fuselage using the Mk.
Complete with a continuous glazed canopy, the cockpit of the Battle had several similarities to that of a large fighter rather than a bomber.
The armament and crew of the aircraft were similar to the Bristol Blenheim bomber: three crew, 1,000 lbs standard bomb load and two machine guns, although the Battle was a single-engine bomber with less horsepower.
The Battle had a standard payload of four bombs which was carried in cells contained within the internal space of the wings.
Maximum bomb load was , with two additional bombs on underwing racks or with two bombs carried externally under bomb bays and two bombs on underwing racks.
The bombs were mounted on hydraulic jacks and were normally released via trap doors; during a dive bombing attack, they were lowered below the surface of the wing.
The pilot was provided with good external visibility and the cockpit was considered to be roomy and comfortable for the era but the tasks of simultaneously deploying the flaps and the retractable undercarriage, which included a safety catch, has been highlighted as posing considerable complication.
By the time that the Battle was entering service in 1937 it had already been rendered obsolete by the rapid advances in aircraft technology.
The performance and capabilities of fighter aircraft had increased to outstrip the modest performance gains that the light bomber had achieved over its biplane antecedents.
For defence, the Battle had been armed only with a single Browning machine gun and a trainable Vickers K in the rear position; in service, these proved to be desperately inadequate.
The Battle was considered well-armoured by the standards of 1940, although there was an emphasis on protection against small-arms fire from the ground.
No RAF bombers were fitted with self-sealing tanks at the beginning of the war, although they were hastily fitted once the necessity was made apparent.
Since it was some time before self-sealing tanks could be mass-produced, it was a common stop-gap in 1940, even into 1941, to simply armour the rear of the fuel tanks with single or double layers of 4 mm armour.
The Battle, along with the rest of the early-war inventory, was taken out of front-line duties before it had a chance to be fitted with self-sealing tanks.
The type holds the distinction of being the first operational aircraft powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine to enter service, beating the debut of the Hawker Hurricane fighter by a matter of months.
2 Group, were assigned to a non-mobilising training role; on the eve of the outbreak of war, these squadrons were reassigned to operate under No.
The Battle was obsolete by the start of the Second World War, but remained a front-line RAF bomber owing to a lack of a suitable replacement.
Once the Battles arrived, the aircraft were dispersed and efforts were made to camouflage or otherwise obscure their presence; the envisioned purpose of their deployment had been that, in the event of German commencement of bombing attacks, the Battles based in France could launch retaliatory raids upon Germany, specifically in the Ruhr valley region, and would benefit from their closer range than otherwise possible from the British mainland.
F. Letchard during a patrol near Aachen; this occasion is recognised as being the RAF's first aerial victory of the war.
During the winter of 1939–1940, the Advanced Air Striking Force underwent restructuring; some of the Battle-equipped squadrons were returned to the UK while their place was taken by Bristol Blenheim-equipped squadrons instead.
In the first of two sorties carried out by Battles on 10 May 1940, three out of eight aircraft were lost, while a further 10 out of 24 were shot down in the second sortie, giving a total of 13 lost in that day's attacks, with the remainder suffering damage.
During the following day, nine Belgian Air Force Battles attacked bridges over the Albert Canal that connects to the Meuse River, losing six aircraft, and in another RAF sortie that day against a German column, only one Battle out of eight survived.
On 12 May, a formation of five Battles of 12 Squadron attacked two road bridges over the Albert Canal; four of these aircraft were destroyed while the final aircraft crash-landing upon its return to its base.
Although Garland's Battle managed to destroy one span of the bridge, the German army quickly erected a pontoon bridge to replace it.
With the exception of a few successful twin-engine designs such as the de Havilland Mosquito, Bristol Beaufighter and Douglas A-20, low-level attack missions passed into the hands of single-engine, fighter-bomber aircraft, such as the Hawker Hurricane, Hawker Typhoon and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt.
1 Group and later equipping four new Polish squadrons with the type, it continued to be deployed in operations against shipping massed in the Channel ports for Operation Sealion.
Battles were operated into 1941 by 88 and 226 Squadrons in Northern Ireland and 98 Squadron in Iceland, for coastal patrol work.
11 Squadron took possession of at least four, which were flown north to be operated in the Italian East Africa (Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland and Eritrea) campaign.
Whereas in France the RAF's Battles had encountered modern German fighters in large numbers, the South Africans faced a smaller number of Italian biplane fighters (Fiat CR.32 and CR.42), which enabled the aircrews to contribute more effectively to the campaign; but not without several losses, especially when surprised above some predictable targets (air bases, ports etc.).
The last combat operations carried out by Fairey Battles were during the Italian and German invasion of Greece, from the end of 1940 until April 1941.
A few Fairey Battles of the RAF and about a dozen belonging to the RHAF – serial numbers starting from B274 – participated in secondary bombing roles against enemy infantry.
No significant contribution of this type was reported during this period, although some hits were recorded by the Greek Air Force.
Prior to the Second World War, in spring 1939, the Polish government had placed an order for 100 Battle bombers, but none of these were delivered before the outbreak of war.
The first 22 aircraft were sent in early September 1939 on two ships to Constanta in Romania, to be received there by the Polish crews, but the ships were ordered back while in Istanbul when the fall of Poland became inevitable.
Some sources state that the Fairey Battle was licence-produced in Denmark for the Danish Air Force before the German invasion in 1940, but no such plane is known to have been completed.
While found to be inadequate as a bomber aircraft in the Second World War, the Fairey Battle found a new niche in its later service life.
As the Fairey Battle T, for which it was furnished with a dual-cockpit arrangement in place of the standard long canopy, the type served as a trainer aircraft.
The Battle T was equipped with dual-controls in the cockpit and optionally featured a Bristol-built Type I gun turret when employed as a bombing/gunnery training.
As the winch-equipped Fairey Battle TT target tug, it was used as a target-towing aircraft to support airborne gunnery training exercises.
Furthermore, Battles were not only used in this role by the RAF, several overseas operators opted to acquire the type as a training platform.
In August 1939, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) received its first batch of eight Battles at RCAF Station Borden, Ontario, Canada.
A total of 802 Battles were eventually delivered from England, serving in various roles and configurations, including dual-control trainers, target-tugs, and gunnery trainers for both the Bombing and Gunnery schools of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan.
Canadian use of the Battle declined as more advanced aircraft, such as the Bristol Bolingbroke and North American Harvard, were introduced; the type remained in RCAF service until shortly after the end of hostilities in 1945.
These aircraft were a mix of bomber, target tug, and dual-control trainer variants; they were mainly used by Bombing and Gunnery schools until 1945; the last aircraft were phased out in 1949.
While the Battle was no longer viable as a frontline combat aircraft, its benign handling characteristics meant that it was an ideal platform for testing engines, and it was used in this role to evaluate engines up to including the Rolls-Royce Exe, Fairey Prince (H-16) and Napier Dagger.
These trials were often conducted to support the development of other aircraft, such as the Fairey Spearfish, as well as the suitability of the individual engines.
On 23 September 1940, Fairey Battle K9480 on a training flight, crashed on to a house, killing the Polish pilot and five civilians from one family in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire.
Mossley (/ˈmɒzli/) is a small town and a civil parish in Greater Manchester, England, in the upper Tame Valley and the foothills of the Pennines, southeast of Oldham and east of Manchester.
The historic counties of Lancashire, Cheshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire meet in Mossley and local government wards and church parishes correspond to their boundaries.
George Lawton, the son of magistrate and alderman John Lawton, inherited a family fortune and when he died in August 1949, he left the bulk of his wealth to the people of Mossley.
Following the passing of the Public Health Act 1848 and the Local Government Act 1857, a Local Board of Health was established in Mossley in 1864.
In 1974 the borough of Mossley was absorbed under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 into the new metropolitan borough of Tameside in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.
Under the provisions of the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 local electors were given the right to request that a new parish and council be created in unparished areas.
The town has three parish wards based on the historic county borders, with four members representing the Cheshire part, three members the Lancashire part and two members the Yorkshire part.
The town's unofficial coat of arms includes Cheshire's sheaf of corn, Lancashire's red rose and Yorkshire's white rose to signify the historic demarcation.
From 1918 to 1950 the town gave its name to the Mossley constituency which returned a Member of Parliament; for most of the period, the MP was Austin Hopkinson, who was notable for being elected as an Independent candidate.
Several bus routes serve Mossley, including the 350, operated by First Greater Manchester, which operates a route between Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham.
A group of local campaigners and activist have started the Fairtrade Mossley group to make 2010 the year that Mossley becomes a Fairtrade Town.
Donald Margulies (born September 2, 1954) is an American playwright and Professor (Adjunct) of English and Theater & Performance Studies at Yale University.
Margulies attended John Dewey High School in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Purchase College where he received a BFA in Visual Arts.
She is entertaining her son, Elliot; a handsome actor, Michael; her son-in-law, Walter, who was married to her deceased daughter, and his girlfriend, Nell and daughter Susie.
It won the 2014 L.A. Ovation Award for Best Play (Large Theatre) and was selected an Applause Books Best Play of 2013-14.
It resumed performances on September 23, 2010, at the Cort Theatre, where it ran until January 30, 2011; between its two runs, it played a total of 24 previews and 193 performances.
It starred Laura Linney, Brian d'Arcy James, Eric Bogosian and Alicia Silverstone (later succeeded at the Cort by Christina Ricci), and was directed by Daniel Sullivan.
The play was nominated for a 2010 Tony Award for Best Play and was a Burns Mantle Best Play of 2009-2010.
The play made its world premiere in the September 2007 Pacific Playwrights Festival at South Coast Repertory, where it starred Gregory Itzin and was directed by Bart DeLorenzo.
It was an American Theatre Critics' Association New Play Award finalist, a 2005 Outer Critics' Circle nominee for Outstanding New Broadway Play and a Burns Mantle Best Play of 2004-2005.
The play was directed by Daniel Sullivan, and its original cast at the South Coast Rep was Adam Arkin, Arye Gross, Allan Miller, Ari Graynor, Mimi Lieber, Kevin Isola and Dana Reeve (whose role was played on Broadway by Polly Draper).
It went on to have a long run in Paris at the Comedie des Champs-Élysées, and productions in London, Berlin, Vienna, Stockholm, Tokyo, Mumbai, Seoul, Tel Aviv and Istanbul.
Lavin had previously played the role of Ruth Steiner in May - June 1999 at the Geffen Playhouse in a production co-starring Samantha Mathis, directed by Gilbert Cates, which was later re-produced for television broadcast by PBS Hollywood Presents in 2002.
The play has had many productions all over the country and around the world, including one in London in 1999, at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, with Helen Mirren and Anne-Marie Duff, directed by Howard Davies.
The play premiered Off-Broadway in a Manhattan Theatre Club production, at City Center II on January 7, 1992 and transferred to the Orpheum Theatre on March 26, 1992 where it ran for a combined total of 293 performances.
It was directed by Michael Bloom and starred Dennis Boutsikaris, Deborah Hedwall, Jon DeVries and, in the supporting role of a German art critic, Laura Linney.
Directed by Lynne Meadow, the cast featured Christine Baranski and Peter Friedman, The play was nominated for the 1994-95 Drama Desk Award, Best Revival of a Play and was a Burns Mantle Best Play of 1988-1989.
Margulies won the 1995-96 OBIE Award for Playwriting, and the play was a 1995-96 Drama Desk nominee for Best Play and a Dramatists' Guild/Hull-Warriner Award finalist.
It was nominated for two Lucille Lortel Awards (Outstanding Lead Actress in a Play, Diane Davis and Outstanding Revival) and for two 2014 Drama Desk Awards (Outstanding Revival of a Play and Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play, Diane Davis).
It was next produced Off-Broadway by the Jewish Repertory Theatre from June 9, 1990 to August 5, 1990, directed by Larry Arrick.
The play ran on Broadway at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre from November 15, 1994 in previews, officially on December 8, 1994 and closed on December 18, 1994.
The play was commissioned by the Jewish Repertory Theater which produced the play in February 1982 with direction by Florence Stanley.
The film, released in 2015, was directed by James Ponsoldt and stars Jason Segel as Wallace and Jesse Eisenberg as Lipsky.
Margulies has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the New York Foundation for the Arts, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and a MacDowell Colony Fellowship.
Paul Heinrich Gerhard Möhring (also Paul Mohr; 21 July 1710 in Jever – 28 October 1792) was a German physician, botanist and zoologist.
He studied medicine in Danzig and Wittenberg, and following graduation (1733), he settled as a general practitioner in his hometown of Jever.
During his long career, he maintained correspondence with Albrecht von Haller, Lorenz Heister, Carl Linnaeus, Hans Sloane and Paul Gottlieb Werlhof.
Denmark Hill railway station is in the area of Denmark Hill in south London, England, on the Thameslink, South London, Greenwich Park and Chatham lines.
Initial work by British Rail engineers to make the building safe by demolishing parts of the remaining building triggered a protest campaign by the Camberwell Society.
Following a joint initiative between them, the Southwark Environment Trust and the British Rail Director of the Environment, Bernard Kaukas, the building was restored in 1985 at a cost of £300,000 ().
The project included the addition of a public house, initially called the Phoenix and Firkin to commemorate the fire, then called O'Neills and now the Phoenix.
In the period 2011–2013 the station underwent a redesign with the construction of a new ticket office with access from Champion Park, new walkways and lifts to the platforms.
On 14 December 2014, flames were spotted underneath a Southeastern train travelling from Victoria to Dartford as it approached Denmark Hill Station.
The platforms are below road level, with the short Grove Tunnel at one end and Denmark Hill road bridge at the other.
It is near to King's College and Maudsley hospitals and to the Denmark Hill campus of King's College London, whose buildings are intermingled around and between the two hospitals.
It is served by London Overground services between and , with a limited service to , and a daily Southeastern service to once a day.
The station opened on 1 March 1863, on the London, Chatham and Dover Railway original double-track low-level route from Victoria via Stewarts Lane, which was opened between Victoria and Herne Hill, on 25 August 1862.
The same railway company constructed a triple-track high-level route between Battersea Pier Junction and Brixton, part of which opened between Factory Junction, (100 metres north of Wandsworth Road station) and Brixton on 1 May 1866 together with three additional platforms at Wandsworth Road.
On 1 May 1867, the London, Chatham and Dover Railway leased the original two tracks to the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR), for use by its new South London Line service (which run between Victoria and London Bridge via Denmark Hill).
On 3 April 1916, the three 1866 platforms were closed, as the South Eastern & Chatham railway withdrew its service, leaving only the original two 1863 platforms, which were still served by the LBSCR.
London Overground operate four services per hour in each direction between and , and one early morning & one late evening service from and to .
Following the withdrawal of CrossCountry's services from to via in December 2008 the Department for Transport required a weekly parliamentary train to run on lines no longer used by other services, hence Southern operated a morning weekday service from Kensington Olympia to Clapham High Street with a corresponding service in the afternoon.
Since then the service was instead been cut back to Wandsworth Road from Kensington Olympia, and then withdrawn completely in June 2013, following the ratification of the service withdrawal request by the Department for Transport and Office of Rail and Road.
It is one of the most common lizards in the eastern U.S. and one of the seven native species of lizards in Canada.
Young American five-lined skinks are dark brown to black with five distinctive white to yellowish stripes running along the body and a bright blue tail.
It has now been seen in increasing numbers in the northern Chesapeake Bay Region of Maryland particularly along the shores of the Elk River.
It prefers moist, partially wooded habitat that provides ample cover or inside walls of buildings, trees as well as sites to bask in the sun.
Fertilization in the American five-lined skink is internal, with eggs laid by the female between the middle of May and July, at least one month after mating.
Females lay fifteen to eighteen eggs in a small cavity cleared beneath a rotting log, stump, board, loose bark, a rock, or an abandoned rodent burrow.
Young American five-lined skinks, with a potential life span of up to six years, attain sexual maturity and begin reproducing within two to three years of hatching.
Vomeronasal analysis of chemical cues and recognition of sex-specific visual stimuli, including tail and body coloration, aid in the identification of gender.
Using the tail to align cloacal openings, males initiate copulation by inserting one of the two hemipenes into the female's cloaca.
Females exhibit several brooding positions of variant contact levels with the body placed beside, over, through, or in a coil around the eggs.
In evasion of various predators including snakes, crows, hawks, shrews, moles, opossums, skunks, raccoons, and domestic cats, skinks may disconnect their entire tail or a small segment.
Skinks are at the extreme edge of their habitat range in Canada, which makes it an area of special interest to ecologists, as extreme conditions place unique evolutionary pressures upon species.
The American five-lined skink has split into two phylogenetically-distinct populations in this edge habitat; the Carolinian population, also present in the United States, ends around Point Pelee National Park in southern Ontario.
Some U.S. states impose general restrictions on taking reptiles including native American five-lined skinks from the wild without a permit or hunting license, for example Maryland (no more than 4 may be possessed without a permit), Indiana and Ohio.
A pair of skinks may live in a 25-30 US gallon terrarium, and may live for 5–10 years with adequate care.
Tandem repeats occur in DNA when a pattern of one or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other.
When the repeat unit copy number is variable in the population being considered, it is called a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).
Polymorphic tandem repeats (alias VNTRs) are also present in microorganisms and can be used to trace the origin of an outbreak.
The corresponding assay in which a collection of VNTRs is typed to characterize a strain is most often called MLVA (Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis).
In the field of computer science, tandem repeats in strings (e.g., DNA sequences) can be efficiently detected using suffix trees or suffix arrays.
John Dickinson (29 March 1782 – 11 January 1869) invented a continuous mechanised papermaking process and founded the paper mills at Croxley Green, Apsley and Nash Mills in England, which evolved into John Dickinson Stationery Limited.
Dickinson built and lived at Abbots Hill, Nash Mills, on a hillside site looking down upon his mills in the valley bottom.
Thomas Dickinson was the superintendent of the Ordnance Transports at Woolwich and Frances Dickinson was the daughter of a French silk-weaver in Spitalfields.
He was admitted to the Livery of the Stationers' Company in 1804 and began to trade, in stationery, in the City of London.
This type of paper did not smoulder after the cannon had fired, which had been the cause of constant accidental explosions in the artillery.
Until his time, paper was produced using rag and esparto, instead of the conventional wood pulp Dickinson patented his invention, and it was taken up by the army.
It was said to have been of great value in the battles against Napoleon, increasing the British firing rate while simultaneously reducing premature firing accidents.
In an age of technical innovation, attempts had already been made to build a machine capable of the continuous manufacture of paper to replace the handmade techniques then used, notably by the Frenchman Henry Fourdriner.
He was then able to purchase a former flour mill at Apsley, Hertfordshire which had already been converted to manufacture paper by the previous owner.
Another achievement that sprang from Dickinson's factory, was the invention of envelopes that had a gum like adhesive to keep them closed.
The most recent was with Hamelin Brands in 2008 From small beginnings, his company went on to become John Dickinson Stationery, one of the largest stationery manufacturers in the world.
The process consisted of a perforated cylinder of metal, with a closely fitting cover of finely woven wire, which revolved in a vat of wood pulp.
The water from the vat was carried off through the axis of the cylinder, leaving the fibres of the wood pulp clinging to the surface of the wire.
An endless web of felt passed through what was known as a 'couching roller' lying upon the cylinder drew off the layer of pulp which when dried became paper.
Dickinson was probably born in London as the eldest of nine children of Captain Thomas Dickinson RN (1754–1828) and his wife, Frances de Brissac (1760–1854).
One of the daughters, Harriet Ann, married her first cousin, son of Dickinson's sister Anne and her husband Arthur Benoni Evans.
Dickinson's grandchildren included Sir Arthur John Evans (1851–1941), curator of the Ashmolean Museum and excavator of Minoan Crete, and his brother Lewis Evans (1853–1930), the collector.
As a member of the First Continental Congress, where he was a signee to the Continental Association, Dickinson drafted most of the 1774 Petition to the King, and then, as a member of the Second Continental Congress, wrote the 1775 Olive Branch Petition.
When these two attempts to negotiate with King George III of Great Britain failed, Dickinson reworked Thomas Jefferson's language and wrote the final draft of the 1775 Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms.
When Congress then decided to seek independence from Great Britain, Dickinson served on the committee that wrote the Model Treaty, and then wrote the first draft of the 1776–1777 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.
Together with his wife, Mary Norris Dickinson, he is the namesake of Dickinson College (originally John and Mary's College), as well as of the Dickinson School of Law of Pennsylvania State University and the University of Delaware's Dickinson Complex.
He was the great-grandson of Walter Dickinson who emigrated from England to Virginia in 1654 and, having joined the Society of Friends, came with several co-religionists to Talbot County on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in 1659.
Each generation increased the landholdings, so that Samuel inherited on five farms in three Maryland counties and over his lifetime increased that to .
He also bought the Kent County property from his cousin and expanded it to about , stretching along the St. Jones River from Dover to the Delaware Bay.
These plantations were large, profitable agricultural enterprises worked by slave labor, until 1777 when John Dickinson freed the enslaved of Poplar Hall.
She was the daughter of Martha Jones (granddaughter of Dr. Thomas Wynne) and the prominent Quaker John Cadwalader who was also grandfather of General John Cadwalader of Philadelphia.
For three generations the Dickinson family had been members of the Third Haven Friends Meeting in Talbot County and the Cadwaladers were members of the Meeting in Philadelphia.
Most important was his tutor, William Killen, who became a lifelong friend and who later became Delaware’s first Chief Justice and Chancellor.
Dickinson was precocious and energetic, and in spite of his love of Poplar Hall and his family, was drawn to Philadelphia.
He spent those years studying the works of Edward Coke and Francis Bacon at the Inns of Court, following in the footsteps of his lifelong friend, Pennsylvania Attorney General Benjamin Chew, and in 1757 was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar beginning his career as barrister and solicitor.
Dickinson further warned that if the colonies acquiesced to the Townshend Acts, Parliament would lay further taxes on the colonies in the future.
On July 19, 1770, Dickinson married Mary Norris, known as Polly, a prominent and well educated thirty-year-old woman in Philadelphia with a substantial holding of real estate and personal property (including a 1500 volume library, one of the largest in the colonies at the time) who had been operating her family's estate, Fair Hill, for a number of years by herself or with her sister.
She was the daughter of a wealthy Philadelphia Quaker, and Speaker of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, Isaac Norris and Sarah Logan, the daughter of James Logan, both deceased.
Meanwhile, he built an elegant mansion on Chestnut Street but never lived there as it was confiscated and turned into a hospital during his 1776–77 absence in Delaware.
While in Philadelphia as State President, he lived at the confiscated mansion of Joseph Galloway at Sixth and Market Streets, now established as the State Presidential mansion.
After his service as President of Pennsylvania, he returned to live in Wilmington, Delaware in 1785 and built a mansion at the northwest corner of 8th and Market Streets.
Dickinson was one of the delegates from Pennsylvania to the First Continental Congress in 1774 and the Second Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776.
Dickinson wrote the Olive Branch Petition as the Second Continental Congress' last attempt for peace with Britain (King George III did not even read the petition).
But through it all, agreeing with New Castle County's George Read and many others in Philadelphia and the Lower Counties, Dickinson's object was reconciliation, not independence and revolution.
When the Continental Congress began the debate on the Declaration of Independence on July 1, 1776, Dickinson reiterated his opposition to declaring independence at that time.
He abstained or absented himself from the votes on July 2 that declared independence and absented himself again from voting on the wording of the formal Declaration on July 4.
Following the Declaration of Independence, Dickinson was given the rank of brigadier general in the Pennsylvania militia, known as the Associators.
In August 1777 he served as a private with the Kent county Militia at Middletown, Delaware under General Caesar Rodney to help delay General William Howe's march to Philadelphia.
In October 1777, Dickinson's friend, Thomas McKean, appointed him Brigadier General of the Delaware Militia, but again Dickinson declined the appointment.
While Kent County was not a large slave-holding area, like farther south in Virginia, and even though Dickinson had only 37 slaves, this was an action of some considerable courage.
Undoubtedly, the strongly abolitionist Quaker influences around them had their effect, and the action was all the easier because his farm had moved away from tobacco to the less labor-intensive crops like wheat and barley.
Dickinson prepared the first draft of the Articles of Confederation in 1776, after others had ratified the Declaration of Independence over his objection that it would lead to violence, and to follow through on his view that the colonies would need a governing document to survive war against them.
At the time he chaired the committee charged with drafting the Articles Dickinson was serving in the Continental Congress as a delegate from Pennsylvania.
During this term he signed the Articles of Confederation, having in 1776 authored their first draft while serving in the Continental Congress as a delegate from Pennsylvania.
In August 1781, while still a delegate in Philadelphia he learned that Poplar Hall had been severely damaged by a Loyalist raid.
While there, in October 1781, Dickinson was elected to represent Kent County in the State Senate, and shortly afterwards the Delaware General Assembly elected him the president of Delaware.
Dickinson then successfully challenged the Delaware General Assembly to address lagging militia enlistments and to properly fund the state’s assessment to the Confederation government.
And recognizing the delicate negotiations then underway to end the American Revolution, Dickinson secured the Assembly's continued endorsement of the French alliance, with no agreement on a separate peace treaty with Great Britain.
On November 7, 1782 a joint ballot by the Council and the Pennsylvania General Assembly elected him as president of the Council and thereby President of Pennsylvania.
Even though Pennsylvania and Delaware had shared the same governor until very recently, attitudes had changed, and many in Delaware were upset at seemingly being cast aside so readily, particularly after the Philadelphia newspapers began criticizing the state for allowing the practice of multiple and non resident office holding.
Dickinson’s constitutional successor, John Cook, was considered too weak in his support of the Revolution, and it was not until January 12, 1783, when Cook called for a new election to choose a replacement, that Dickinson formally resigned.
The old Proprietary and Popular parties divided equally in thirds over the issue of independence, as Loyalists, Moderate Whigs who later became Federalists, and Radicals or Constitutionalists.
The old Pennsylvania General Assembly was dominated by the Loyalists and Moderates and, like Dickinson, did little to support the burgeoning Revolution or independence, except protest.
The Radicals took matters into their own hands, using irregular means to write the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, which by law excluded from the franchise anyone who would not swear loyalty to the document or the Christian Holy Trinity.
This peremptory action seemed appropriate to many during the crises of 1777 and 1778, but less so in the later years of the Revolution, and the Moderate Whigs gradually became the majority.
As president he presided over the intentionally weak executive authority of the state, and was its chief officer, but always required the agreement of a majority to act.
Working with only the smallest of majorities in the General Assembly in his first two years and with the Constitutionalists in the majority in his last year, all issues were contentious.
At first he endured withering attacks from his opponents for his alleged failure to fully support the new government in large and small ways.
He managed to settle quickly the old boundary dispute with Virginia in southwestern Pennsylvania, but was never able to satisfactorily disentangle disputed titles in the Wyoming Valley resulting from prior claims of Connecticut to those lands.
On that day a special election was held in which Benjamin Franklin was unanimously elected to serve the ten days left in Dickinson's term.
This was a violent protest of Pennsylvania veterans who marched on the Continental Congress demanding their pay before being discharged from the army.
Somewhat sympathizing with their case, Dickinson refused Congress's request to bring full military action against them, causing Congress to vote to remove themselves to Princeton, New Jersey.
And when the new Congress agreed to return in 1790, it was to be for only 10 years, until a permanent capital was found elsewhere.
In 1784, Dickinson and Mary Norris Dickinson bequeathed much of their combined library to John and Mary's College, named in their honor by its founder Benjamin Rush and later renamed Dickinson College.
The Dickinsons also donated 500 acres (2 km²) in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, land originally inherited and managed by Mary Norris, to the new college.
In 1787, Delaware sent him as one of its delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, along with Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett, George Read, and Jacob Broom.
There, he supported the effort to create a strong central government but only after the Great Compromise assured that each state, regardless of size, would have an equal vote in the future United States Senate.
Dickinson was elected president of this convention, and although he resigned the chair after most of the work was complete, he remained highly influential in the content of the final document.
Major changes included the establishment of a separate Chancery Court and the expansion of the franchise to include all taxpayers, except blacks and women.
Dickinson remained neutral in an attempt to include a prohibition of slavery in the document, believing the General Assembly was the proper place to decide that issue.
Once more Dickinson was returned to the State Senate for the 1793 session, but served for just one year before resigning due to his declining health.
He shares with Thomas McKean the distinction of serving as Chief Executive of both Delaware and Pennsylvania after the Declaration of Independence.
Dickinson College and Dickinson School of Law (now of the Pennsylvania State University), separate institutions each operating a campus located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on land inherited and managed by his wife Mary Norris, were named for them.
Dickinson Street in Madison, Wisconsin is named in his honor, as is John Dickinson High School in Milltown, Delaware, and Dickinson Hall at the University of Delaware.
Delaware elections were held October 1 and members of the General Assembly took office on October 20 or the following weekday.
A joint ballot of the Pennsylvania General Assembly and the Council chose the president from among the twelve counsellors for a one-year term.
His portrayal in this musical differs substantially from reality: instead of abstaining from voting and debating, he acts as John Adams' primary antagonist in the debates over independence, to the point where the two men come to blows.
His motivation in the musical is to convince the delegates to come to peace terms with Britain, rather than to seek reforms through civil disobedience and other nonviolent measures and for the colonies to mature before seeking independence.
Also his wife Mary Norris does not appear in the musical at all, despite being present in Philadelphia at the time, whereas Abigail Adams and Martha Jefferson are heavily depicted, despite being in Boston and Virginia, respectively, at the time.
He suggests a request first be made from the Continental Congress to the British King, in the form of the Olive Branch Petition.
As the Congress votes on independence, the miniseries portrays Dickinson getting up and leaving the room without explanation, and no summary was given of his overall contributions to the American Revolution or what would become of him later.
The Industrial TRON (ITRON) derivative was one of the world's most used operating systems in 2003, being present in billions of electronic devices such as mobile phones, appliances and even cars.
This allows different companies to create their own versions of TRON, based on the specifications, which can be suited for different microprocessors.
In 1986, the TRON Kyogikai (unincorporated TRON Association) was established, Hitachi announced its ITRON implementation based on the ITRON/68K specification, and the first TRON project symposium is held.
In 1987, Fujitsu announced an ITRON implementation based on the ITRON/MMU specification, Mitsubishi Electric announced an ITRON implementation based on the ITRON/32 specification, and Hitachi introduced the Gmicro/200 32bit microprocessor based on the TRON VLSI CPU specification.
The result was the threat of a Super-301 (complete stop of import based on section 301 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988) against everything related to TRON, including products from the companies selling computers running TRON OS variants.
On 10 November 2017, TRON Forum, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, which has been maintaining the TRON Project since 2010, has agreed with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, headquartered in the US, to transfer ownership of TRON µT-Kernel 2.0, the most recent version of ITRON, for free.
It was integrated into T-Engine Forum in 2010 and subsequently the TRON project activities have been taken over and continued by the forum.
A-level members who are involved in design and development of specifications for T-Engine and T-Kernel, or of Ubiquitous ID technology include companies such as eSOL, NEC and Yamaha Corporation.
B-level members who are involved in development of product using T-Engine specification and T-Kernel include companies like ARM, Freescale, MIPS Technologies, Mitsubishi, Robert Bosch GmbH, Sony Corporation, Toshiba, and Xilinx.
The supporting members and academic members involved with the forum include many universities such as University of Tokyo in Japan and Dalian Maritime University in China.
It is intended mainly for end users with little or no programming experience, yet is also used as a development tool by professional BTRON programmers to port software between TRON variants, and to easily and quickly write device drivers for hardware devices.
Pakistani singers and bands became very popular and started to spring up during the early nineties, with pop, rock and Ghazal becoming more fashionable with the younger generations.
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.
They were characterised by unprecedented ferocity, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life due to combat, starvation, exposure, disease, and massacres.
The Eastern Front, as the site of nearly all extermination camps, death marches, ghettos, and the majority of pogroms, was central to the Holocaust.
The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Axis nations.
Though never engaged in military action in the Eastern Front, the United States and the United Kingdom both provided substantial material aid in the form of the Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union.
The joint German–Finnish operations across the northernmost Finnish–Soviet border and in the Murmansk region are considered part of the Eastern Front.
Soviet Russia had lost substantial territory in Eastern Europe as a result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918), where the Bolsheviks in Petrograd conceded to German demands and ceded control of Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Finland, and other areas, to the Central Powers.
Subsequently, when Germany in its turn surrendered to the Allies (November 1918) and these territories were liberated under the terms of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 at Versailles, Soviet Russia was in the midst of a civil war and the Allies did not recognise the Bolshevik government, so no Soviet Russian representation attended.
If the West is too stupid and blind to grasp this, then I shall be compelled to come to an agreement with the Russians, beat the West and then after their defeat turn against the Soviet Union with all my forces.
The Eastern Front was also made possible by the German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement in which the Soviet Union gave Germany the resources necessary to launch military operations in Eastern Europe.
On 17 September, the Soviet Union invaded Eastern Poland, and, as a result, Poland was partitioned among Germany, the Soviet Union and Lithuania.
Soon after that, the Soviet Union demanded significant territorial concessions from Finland, and after Finland rejected Soviet demands, the Soviet Union attacked Finland on 30 November 1939 in what became known as the Winter War – a bitter conflict that resulted in a peace treaty on 13 March 1940, with Finland maintaining its independence but losing its eastern parts in Karelia.
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact ostensibly provided security to the Soviets in the occupation both of the Baltics and of the north and northeastern regions of Romania (Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia, June–July 1940), although Hitler, in announcing the invasion of the Soviet Union, cited the Soviet annexations of Baltic and Romanian territory as having violated Germany's understanding of the Pact.
Hitler as early as 1917 had referred to the Russians as inferior, believing that the Bolshevik Revolution had put the Jews in power over the mass of Slavs, who were, in Hitler's opinion, incapable of ruling themselves but instead being ruled by Jewish masters.
After Germany's initial success at the Battle of Kiev in 1941, Hitler saw the Soviet Union as militarily weak and ripe for immediate conquest.
This represented an ideological shift in Soviet policy, away from its commitment to the international communist revolution, and eventually leading to the dissolution of the Comintern (Third International) organisation in 1943.
The Soviet Union started a process of militarisation with the 1st Five-Year Plan that officially began in 1928, although it was only towards the end of the 2nd Five-Year Plan in the mid-1930s that military power became the primary focus of Soviet industrialisation.
In February 1936 the Spanish general election brought many communist leaders into the Popular Front government in the Second Spanish Republic, but in a matter of months a right-wing military coup initiated the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939.
This conflict soon took on the characteristics of a proxy war involving the Soviet Union and left wing volunteers from different countries on the side of the predominantly socialist and communist-led Second Spanish Republic; while Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Portuguese Republic took the side of Spanish Nationalists, the military rebel group led by General Francisco Franco.
It served as a useful testing ground for both the Wehrmacht and the Red Army to experiment with equipment and tactics that they would later employ on a wider scale in the Second World War.
Germany, which was an anti-communist régime, formalised its ideological position on 25 November 1936 by signing the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan.
This, as well as the reluctance of the British and French governments to sign a full-scale anti-German political and military alliance with the USSR, led to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany in late August 1939.
The separate Tripartite Pact between what became the three prime Axis Powers would not be signed until some four years after the Anti-Comintern Pact.
The conflict began on 22 June 1941 with the Operation Barbarossa offensive, when Axis forces crossed the borders described in the German–Soviet Nonaggression Pact, thereby invading the Soviet Union.
The war ended on 9 May 1945, when Germany's armed forces surrendered unconditionally following the Battle of Berlin (also known as the Berlin Offensive), a strategic operation executed by the Red Army.
The states that provided forces and other resources for the German war effort included the Axis Powers – primarily Romania, Hungary, Italy, pro-Nazi Slovakia, and Croatia.
Among the most prominent volunteer army formations was the Spanish Blue Division, sent by Spanish dictator Francisco Franco to keep his ties to the Axis intact.
In addition, the Polish Armed Forces in the East, particularly the First and Second Polish armies, were armed and trained, and would eventually fight alongside the Red Army.
By the time of the invasion of the Soviet Union, the Wehrmacht consisted of c, 3,800,000 men of the Heer, 1,680,000 of the Luftwaffe, 404,000 of the Kriegsmarine, 150,000 of the Waffen-SS, and 1,200,000 of the Replacement Army (contained 450,400 active reservists, 550,000 new recruits and 204,000 in administrative services, vigiles and or in convalescence).
For Operation Barbarossa, Germany mobilised 3,300,000 troops of the Heer, 150,000 of the Waffen-SS and approximately 250,000 personnel of the Luftwaffe were actively earmarked.
Of these, 3,900,000 were deployed in eastern Europe, 180,000 in Finland, 315,000 in Norway, 110,000 in Denmark, 1,370,000 in western Europe, 330,000 in Italy, and 610,000 in the Balkans.
3,878,000 were deployed in eastern Europe, 311,000 in Norway/Denmark, 1,873,000 in western Europe, 961,000 in Italy, and 826,000 in the Balkans.
The German high water mark was just before Battle of Kursk, in early July 1943: 3,403,000 German troops and 650,000 Finnish, Hungarian, Romanian and other countries troops.
Hitler had always intended to renege on his pact with the Soviet Union, eventually making the decision to invade in the spring of 1941.
Some historians say Stalin was fearful of war with Germany, or just did not expect Germany to start a two-front war, and was reluctant to do anything to provoke Hitler.
Another viewpoint is that Stalin expected war in 1942 (the time when all his preparations would be complete) and stubbornly refused to believe its early arrival.
British historians Alan S. Milward and M. Medlicott show that Nazi Germany—unlike Imperial Germany—was prepared for only a short-term war (Blitzkrieg).
Germany had been assembling very large numbers of troops in eastern Poland and making repeated reconnaissance flights over the border; the Soviet Union responded by assembling its divisions on its western border, although the Soviet mobilisation was slower than Germany's due to the country's less dense road network.
Soviet intelligence was fooled by German disinformation, so sent false alarms to Moscow about a German invasion in April, May and the beginning of June.
Soviet intelligence reported that Germany would rather invade the USSR after the fall of the British Empire or after an unacceptable ultimatum demanding German occupation of Ukraine during the German invasion of Britain.
A strategic air offensive by the United States Army Air Force and Royal Air Force played a significant part in reducing German industry and tying up German air force and air defence resources, with some bombings, such as the bombing of the eastern German city of Dresden, being done to facilitate specific Soviet operational goals.
In addition to Germany, hundreds of thousands of tons of bombs were dropped on their eastern allies of Romania and Hungary, primarily in an attempt to cripple Romanian oil production.
British and Commonwealth forces also contributed directly to the fighting on the Eastern Front through their service in the Arctic convoys and training Red Air Force pilots, as well as in the provision of early material and intelligence support.
The aid of production-line equipment and machinery were crucial and helped to maintain adequate levels of Soviet armament production during the entire war.
In addition, the USSR received wartime innovations including penicillin, radar, rocket, precision-bombing technology, the long-range navigation system Loran, and many other innovations.
The shipment of aluminium not only represented double the amount of metal that Germany possessed, but also composed the bulk of aluminium that was used in manufacture of Soviet aircraft, that had fallen in critically short supply.
Soviet statistics show, that without these shipments of aluminium, aircraft production would have been less than one-half (or about 45,000 less) of the total 137,000 produced aircraft.
Stalin noted in 1944, that two-thirds of Soviet heavy industry had been built with the help of the United States, and the remaining one-third, with the help from other Western nations such as Great Britain and Canada.
Without Lend-Lease aid, Soviet Union's diminished post invasion economic base would not have produced adequate supplies of weaponry, other than focus on machine tool, foodstuff and consumer goods.
In the last year of war, lend-lease data show that about 5.1 million tons of foodstuff left the United States for the Soviet Union.
It is estimated that all the food supplies sent to Russia could feed a 12,000,000-man strong army half pound of concentrated food per day, for the entire duration of the war.
The Soviet Union received shipments in war materials, military equipment and other supplies worth of $12,5 billion, about a quarter of the U.S. lend-lease aid provided to other allied countries.
However, post-war negotiations to settle all the debt were never concluded, and as of date, the debt issues is still on in future American-Russian summits and talks.
However, access to (and control of) the resources, raw materials and production capacity required to entertain long-term goals (such as European control, German territorial expansion and the destruction of the USSR) were limited.
Political demands necessitated the expansion of Germany's control of natural and human resources, industrial capacity and farmland beyond its borders (conquered territories).
During the war, as Germany acquired new territories (either by direct annexation or by installing puppet governments in defeated countries), these new territories were forced to sell raw materials and agricultural products to German buyers at extremely low prices.
This production represents 35% of the total fuel production of the Axis including the synthetic products and the substitutes and 70% of the total production of crude oil.
Romania supplied Germany and its allies with roughly 13 million barrels of oil (about 4 million per year) between 1941 and 1943.
Rolf Karlbom estimated that Swedish share of Germany's total consumption of iron may have amounted to 43% during the period of 1933–43.
It may also be likely that 'Swedish ore formed the raw material of four out of every ten German guns' during the Hitler era'.
The use of foreign forced labour and slavery in Nazi Germany and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale.
The Nazi Germans abducted approximately 12 million foreign people from almost twenty European countries; about two-thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.
For example, 1.5 million French soldiers were kept in POW camps in Germany as hostages and forced workers and, in 1943, 600,000 French civilians were forced to move to Germany to work in war plants.
In wartime, the German forces had brought into the Reich 6.5 million civilians in addition to Soviet POWs for unfree labour in factories.
In all, 5.2 million foreign workers and POWs were repatriated to the Soviet Union, 1.6 million to Poland, 1.5 million to France, and 900,000 to Italy, along with 300,000 to 400,000 each to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Hungary, and Belgium.
At 03:15 on 22 June 1941, 99 of 190 German divisions, including fourteen panzer divisions and ten motorised, were deployed against the Soviet Union from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
On the same day, the Baltic, Western and Kiev Special military districts were renamed the Northwestern, Western and Southwestern Fronts respectively.
Comprising the 16th and 18th Armies and the 4th Panzer Group, this formation advanced through the Baltic states, and the Russian Pskov and Novgorod regions.
Local insurgents seized the moment and controlled most of Lithuania, northern Latvia and southern Estonia prior to the arrival of the German forces.
Army Group Centre's two panzer groups (the 2nd and 3rd), advanced to the north and south of Brest-Litovsk and converged east of Minsk, followed by the 2nd, 4th, and 9th Armies.
Critically, Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group was ordered to move south in a giant pincer manoeuvre with Army Group South which was advancing into Ukraine.
The German field commanders argued for an immediate offensive towards Moscow, but Hitler over-ruled them, citing the importance of Ukrainian agricultural, mining and industrial resources, as well as the massing of Soviet reserves in the Gomel area between Army Group Centre's southern flank and the bogged-down Army Group South's northern flank.
Army Group South, with the 1st Panzer Group, the 6th, 11th and 17th Armies, was tasked with advancing through Galicia and into Ukraine.
At the beginning of July, the Third and Fourth Romanian Armies, aided by elements of the German 11th Army, fought their way through Bessarabia towards Odessa.
When it joined up with the southern elements of Army Group South at Uman, the Group captured about 100,000 Soviet prisoners in a huge encirclement.
Advancing armoured divisions of the Army Group South met with Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group near Lokhvytsa in mid September, cutting off large numbers of Red Army troops in the pocket east of Kiev.
As the Red Army withdrew behind the Dnieper and Dvina rivers, the Soviet Stavka (high command) turned its attention to evacuating as much of the western regions' industry as it could.
Factories were dismantled and transported on flatcars away from the front line for re-establishment in more remote areas of the Ural Mountains, Caucasus, Central Asia and south-eastern Siberia.
Most civilians were left to make their own way east, with only industry-related workers evacuated with the equipment; much of the population was left behind to the mercy of the invading forces.
Stalin ordered the retreating Red Army to initiate a scorched-earth policy to deny the Germans and their allies basic supplies as they advanced eastward.
To carry out that order, destruction battalions were formed in front-line areas, having the authority to summarily execute any suspicious person.
Operation Typhoon, which was set in motion on 30 September, saw the 2nd Panzer Army rush along the paved road from Oryol (captured 5 October) to the Oka River at Plavsk, while the 4th Panzer Army (transferred from Army Group North to Centre) and 3rd Panzer armies surrounded the Soviet forces in two huge pockets at Vyazma and Bryansk.
Army Group North positioned itself in front of Leningrad and attempted to cut the rail link at Mga to the east.
North of the Arctic Circle, a German–Finnish force set out for Murmansk but could get no further than the Zapadnaya Litsa River, where they settled down.
Army Group South pushed down from the Dnieper to the Sea of Azov coast, also advancing through Kharkov, Kursk, and Stalino.
The combined German and Romanian forces moved into the Crimea and took control of all of the peninsula by autumn (except Sevastopol, which held out until 3 July 1942).
However, the German lines were over-extended and the Soviet defenders counterattacked the 1st Panzer Army's spearhead from the north, forcing them to pull out of the city and behind the Mius River; the first significant German withdrawal of the war.
The onset of the winter freeze saw one last German lunge that opened on 15 November, when the Wehrmacht attempted to encircle Moscow.
On 27 November, the 4th Panzer Army got to within of the Kremlin when it reached the last tramstop of the Moscow line at Khimki.
Meanwhile, the 2nd Panzer Army failed to take Tula, the last Soviet city that stood in its way to the capital.
Marshal Shaposhnikov thus began his counter-attack, employing freshly mobilised reserves, as well as some well-trained Far-Eastern divisions transferred from the east following intelligence that Japan would remain neutral.
The main blow was to be delivered by a double envelopment orchestrated by the Northwestern Front, the Kalinin Front and the Western Front.
The 20th Army, part of the 1st Shock Army, the 22nd Tank Brigade and five ski battalions launched their attack on 10 January 1942.
By 20 January, the 5th and 33rd armies had captured Ruza, Dorokhovo, Mozhaisk and Vereya, while the 43rd and 49th armies were at Domanovo.
However, in early February, the Germans managed to cut off this force, separating the Soviets from their main force in the rear of the Germans.
To the north, the Red Army surrounded a German garrison in Demyansk, which held out with air supply for four months, and established themselves in front of Kholm, Velizh, and Velikie Luki.
Initially this made some progress; however, it was unsupported, and by June a German counterattack cut off and destroyed the army.
The intent was to pin Army Group South against the Sea of Azov, but as the winter eased the Wehrmacht counter-attacked and cut off the over-extended Soviet troops in the Second Battle of Kharkov.
Army Group South took the initiative, anchoring the front with the Battle of Voronezh and then following the Don river southeastwards.
The grand plan was to secure the Don and Volga first and then drive into the Caucasus towards the oil fields, but operational considerations and Hitler's vanity made him order both objectives to be attempted simultaneously.
Rostov was recaptured on 24 July when the 1st Panzer Army joined in, and then that group drove south towards Maikop.
Meanwhile, the 6th Army was driving towards Stalingrad, for a long period unsupported by 4th Panzer Army, which had been diverted to help 1st Panzer Army cross the Don.
By the time the 4th Panzer Army had rejoined the Stalingrad offensive Soviet resistance (comprising the 62nd Army under Vasily Chuikov) had stiffened.
At the end of August Romanian mountain troops joined the Caucasian spearhead, while the Romanian 3rd and 4th armies were redeployed from their successful task of clearing the Azov littoral.
Mindful of the continuing antagonism between Axis allies Romania and Hungary over Transylvania, the Romanian army in the Don bend was separated from the Hungarian 2nd army by the Italian 8th Army.
Thus, all of Hitler's allies were involved – including a Slovakian contingent with the 1st Panzer Army and a Croatian regiment attached to 6th Army.
The advance into the Caucasus bogged down, with the Germans unable to fight their way past Malgobek and to the main prize of Grozny.
Instead, they switched the direction of their advance to approach it from the south, crossing the Malka at the end of October and entering North Ossetia.
In the first week of November, on the outskirts of Ordzhonikidze, the 13th Panzer Division's spearhead was snipped off and the panzer troops had to fall back.
While the German 6th and 4th Panzer Armies had been fighting their way into Stalingrad, Soviet armies had congregated on either side of the city, specifically into the Don bridgeheads, and it was from these that they struck in November 1942.
The Germans rushed to transfer troops to the Soviet Union in a desperate attempt to relieve Stalingrad, but the offensive could not get going until 12 December, by which time the 6th Army in Stalingrad was starving and too weak to break out towards it.
Operation Winter Storm, with three transferred panzer divisions, got going briskly from Kotelnikovo towards the Aksai river but became bogged down short of its goal.
To divert the rescue attempt, the Red Army decided to smash the Italians and come down behind the relief attempt if they could; that operation starting on 16 December.
The fairly limited scope of the Soviet offensive, although still eventually targeted on Rostov, also allowed Hitler time to see sense and pull Army Group A out of the Caucasus and back over the Don.
The Red Army advanced from the Don to the west of Stalingrad, marching through Kursk (retaken on 8 February 1943) and Kharkov (retaken 16 February 1943).
To save the position in the south, the Germans decided to abandon the Rzhev salient in February, freeing enough troops to make a successful riposte in eastern Ukraine.
Manstein's counteroffensive, strengthened by a specially trained SS Panzer Corps equipped with Tiger tanks, opened on 20 February 1943 and fought its way from Poltava back into Kharkov in the third week of March, when the spring thaw intervened.This left a glaring Soviet bulge (salient) in the front centered on Kursk.
After the failure of the attempt to capture Stalingrad, Hitler had delegated planning authority for the upcoming campaign season to the German Army High Command and reinstated Heinz Guderian to a prominent role, this time as Inspector of Panzer Troops.
He knew that in the intervening six months the Soviet position at Kursk had been reinforced heavily with anti-tank guns, tank traps, landmines, barbed wire, trenches, pillboxes, artillery and mortars.
Both wings would converge on the area east of Kursk, and by that means restore the lines of Army Group South to the exact points that it held over the winter of 1941–1942.
In the north, the entire German 9th Army had been redeployed from the Rzhev salient into the Orel salient and was to advance from Maloarkhangelsk to Kursk.
The 9th Army blunted its spearhead against the Soviet minefields, frustratingly so considering that the high ground there was the only natural barrier between them and flat tank country all the way to Kursk.
The direction of advance was then switched to Ponyri, to the west of Olkhovatka, but the 9th Army could not break through here either and went over to the defensive.
On 12 July the Red Army battled through the demarcation line between the 211th and 293rd divisions on the Zhizdra River and steamed towards Karachev, right behind them and behind Orel.
Advancing on either side of the upper Donets on a narrow corridor, the II SS Panzer Corps and the Großdeutschland Panzergrenadier divisions battled their way through minefields and over comparatively high ground towards Oboyan.
Stiff resistance caused a change of direction from east to west of the front, but the tanks got before encountering the reserves of the Soviet 5th Guards Tank Army outside Prokhorovka.
The Soviet 5th Guards Tank Army, with about 800 light and medium tanks, attacked elements of the II SS Panzer Corps.
At the end of the day both sides had fought each other to a standstill, but regardless of the German failure in the north Erich von Manstein proposed he continue the attack with the 4th Panzer Army.
The Red Army started the strong offensive operation in the northern Orel salient and achieved a breakthrough on the flank of the German 9th Army.
Also worried by the Allies' landing in Sicily on 10 July, Hitler made the decision to halt the offensive even as the German 9th Army was rapidly giving ground in the north.
The Germans' final strategic offensive in the Soviet Union ended with their defence against a major Soviet counteroffensive that lasted into August.
Although intense battles of movement throughout late July and into August 1943 saw the Tigers blunting Soviet tank attacks on one axis, they were soon outflanked on another line to the west as the Soviet forces advanced down the Psel, and Kharkov was abandoned for the final time on 22 August.
The German forces on the Mius, now comprising the 1st Panzer Army and a reconstituted 6th Army, were by August too weak to repulse a Soviet attack on their own front, and when the Red Army hit them they retreated all the way through the Donbass industrial region to the Dnieper, losing half the farmland that Germany had invaded the Soviet Union to exploit.
The main problem for the Wehrmacht was that these defences had not yet been built; by the time Army Group South had evacuated eastern Ukraine and begun withdrawing across the Dnieper during September, the Soviet forces were hard behind them.
A second attempt by the Red Army to gain land using parachutists, mounted at Kaniv on 24 September, proved as disappointing as at Dorogobuzh eighteen months previously.
The paratroopers were soon repelled – but not until still more Red Army troops had used the cover they provided to get themselves over the Dnieper and securely dug in.
Finally, early in November the Red Army broke out of its bridgeheads on either side of Kiev and captured the Ukrainian capital, at that time the third largest city in the Soviet Union.
Eighty miles west of Kiev, the 4th Panzer Army, still convinced that the Red Army was a spent force, was able to mount a successful riposte at Zhytomyr during the middle of November, weakening the Soviet bridgehead by a daring outflanking strike mounted by the SS Panzer Corps along the river Teterev.
However, on Christmas Eve the retreat began anew when the First Ukrainian Front (renamed from the Voronezh Front) struck them in the same place.
In the second week of January 1944 they swung north, meeting Vatutin's tank forces which had swung south from their penetration into Poland and surrounding ten German divisions at Korsun–Shevchenkovsky, west of Cherkassy.
Hitler's insistence on holding the Dnieper line, even when facing the prospect of catastrophic defeat, was compounded by his conviction that the Cherkassy pocket could break out and even advance to Kiev, but Manstein was more concerned about being able to advance to the edge of the pocket and then implore the surrounded forces to break out.
By 16 February the first stage was complete, with panzers separated from the contracting Cherkassy pocket only by the swollen Gniloy Tikich river.
They assumed the Red Army would not attack again, with the spring approaching, but on 3 March the Soviet Ukrainian Front went over to the offensive.
Having already isolated the Crimea by severing the Perekop isthmus, Malinovsky's forces advanced across the mud to the Romanian border, not stopping on the river Prut.
One final move in the south completed the 1943–44 campaigning season, which had wrapped up a Soviet advance of over 500 miles.
After two weeks' of heavy fighting, the 1st Panzer managed to escape the pocket, at the cost of losing almost the entire heavy equipment.
In April, the Red Army took back Odessa, followed by 4th Ukrainian Front's campaign to restore control over the Crimea, which culminated in the capture of Sevastopol on 10 May.
The 4th and 9th armies and 3rd Panzer Army still held their own east of the upper Dnieper, stifling Soviet attempts to reach Vitebsk.
On Army Group North's front, there was barely any fighting at all until January 1944, when out of nowhere Volkhov and Second Baltic Fronts struck.
To Stalin, the Baltic Sea seemed the quickest way to take the battles to the German territory in East Prussia and seize control of Finland.
The Belorussian Offensive (codenamed Operation Bagration), which was agreed upon by Allies at the Tehran Conference in December 1943 and launched on 22 June 1944, was a massive Soviet attack, consisting of four Soviet army groups totalling over 120 divisions that smashed into a thinly held German line.
More than 2.3 million Soviet troops went into action against German Army Group Centre, which had a strength of fewer than 800,000 men.
The Red Army achieved a ratio of ten to one in tanks and seven to one in aircraft over their enemy.
By the end of August 1944, it had cost the Germans ~400,000 dead, wounded, missing and sick, from whom 160,000 were captured, as well as 2,000 tanks and 57,000 other vehicles.
In the operation, the Red Army lost ~180,000 dead and missing (765,815 in total, including wounded and sick plus 5,073 Poles), as well as 2,957 tanks and assault guns.
The neighbouring Lvov–Sandomierz operation was launched on 17 July 1944, with the Red Army routing the German forces in Western Ukraine and retaking Lviv.
The Soviet advance in the south continued into Romania and, following a coup against the Axis-allied government of Romania on 23 August, the Red Army occupied Bucharest on 31 August.
The rapid progress of Operation Bagration threatened to cut off and isolate the German units of Army Group North bitterly resisting the Soviet advance towards Tallinn.
On the Karelian Isthmus, the Red Army launched a Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive against the Finnish lines on 9 June 1944, (coordinated with the Western Allied Invasion of Normandy).
The attack breached the Finnish front line of defence in Valkeasaari on 10 June and the Finnish forces retreated to their secondary defence line, the VT-line.
The VT-line was breached on 14 June and after a failed counterattack in Kuuterselkä by the Finnish armoured division, the Finnish defence had to be pulled back to the VKT-line.
Under the pressure of the Soviet Baltic Offensive, the German Army Group North were withdrawn to fight in the sieges of Saaremaa, Courland and Memel.
Over three days, on a broad front incorporating four army fronts, the Red Army launched the Vistula–Oder Offensive across the Narew River and from Warsaw.
The Soviets outnumbered the Germans on average by 5–6:1 in troops, 6:1 in artillery, 6:1 in tanks and 4:1 in self-propelled artillery.
After four days the Red Army broke out and started moving thirty to forty kilometres a day, taking the Baltic states, Danzig, East Prussia, Poznań, and drawing up on a line sixty kilometres east of Berlin along the River Oder.
During the full course of the Vistula–Oder operation (23 days), the Red Army forces sustained 194,191 total casualties (killed, wounded and missing) and lost 1,267 tanks and assault guns.
Army Group North became Army Group Courland; Army Group Centre became Army Group North and Army Group A became Army Group Centre.
In the south, the German attempts, in Operation Konrad, to relieve the encircled garrison at Budapest failed and the city fell on 13 February.
On 6 March, the Germans launched what would be their final major offensive of the war, Operation Spring Awakening, which failed by 16 March.
OKW claim German losses of 77,000 killed, 334,000 wounded and 292,000 missing, with a total of 703,000 men, on the Eastern Front during January and February 1945.
On 9 April 1945, Königsberg in East Prussia finally fell to the Red Army, although the shattered remnants of Army Group Centre continued to resist on the Vistula Spit and Hel Peninsula until the end of the war in Europe.
The East Prussian operation, though often overshadowed by the Vistula–Oder operation and the later battle for Berlin, was in fact one of the largest and costliest operations fought by the Red Army throughout the war.
During the period it lasted (13 January – 25 April), it cost the Red Army 584,788 casualties, and 3,525 tanks and assault guns.
The fall of Königsberg allowed Stavka to free up General Konstantin Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front (2BF) to move west to the east bank of the Oder.
General Georgy Zhukov concentrated his 1st Belorussian Front (1BF), which had been deployed along the Oder river from Frankfurt in the south to the Baltic, into an area in front of the Seelow Heights.
While this redeployment was in progress, gaps were left in the lines and the remnants of the German 2nd Army, which had been bottled up in a pocket near Danzig, managed to escape across the Oder.
To the south General Ivan Konev shifted the main weight of the 1st Ukrainian Front (1UF) out of Upper Silesia north-west to the Neisse River.
Because of Stalin's suspicions about the intentions of the Western Allies to hand over territory occupied by them in the post-war Soviet sphere of influence, the offensive was to be on a broad front and was to move as rapidly as possible to the west, to meet the Western Allies as far west as possible.
The offensive to capture central Germany and Berlin started on 16 April with an assault on the German front lines on the Oder and Neisse rivers.
After several days of heavy fighting the Soviet 1BF and 1UF punched holes through the German front line and were fanning out across central Germany.
By 24 April, elements of the 1BF and 1UF had completed the encirclement of the German capital and the Battle of Berlin entered its final stages.
They were now free to move west towards the British 21st Army Group and north towards the Baltic port of Stralsund.
The 58th Guards Rifle Division of the 5th Guards Army made contact with the US 69th Infantry Division of the First Army near Torgau, Germany at the Elbe river.
On 29 and 30 April, as the Soviet forces fought their way into the centre of Berlin, Adolf Hitler married Eva Braun and then committed suicide by taking cyanide and shooting himself.
Altogether, the Berlin operation (16 April – 2 May) cost the Red Army 361,367 casualties (dead, wounded, missing and sick) and 1,997 tanks and assault guns.
At 2:41 am on 7 May 1945, at SHAEF headquarters, German Chief-of-Staff General Alfred Jodl signed the unconditional surrender documents for all German forces to the Allies at Reims in France.
The next day shortly before midnight, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel repeated the signing in Berlin at Zhukov's headquarters, now known as the German-Russian Museum.
In the Soviet Union the end of the war is considered to be 9 May, when the surrender took effect Moscow time.
This date is celebrated as a national holiday – Victory Day – in Russia (as part of a two-day 8–9 May holiday) and some other post-Soviet countries.
A small German garrison on the Danish island of Bornholm refused to surrender until they were bombed and invaded by the Soviets.
The Soviet invasion of Manchuria began on 8 August 1945, with an assault on the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and neighbouring Mengjiang; the greater offensive would eventually include northern Korea, southern Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands.
Apart from the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, it marked the only military action of the Soviet Union against Imperial Japan; at the Yalta Conference, it had agreed to Allied pleas to terminate the neutrality pact with Japan and enter the Second World War's Pacific theatre within three months after the end of the war in Europe.
While not a part of the Eastern Front operations, it is included here because the commanders and much of the forces used by the Red Army came from the European Theatre of operations and benefited from the experience gained there.
In many ways this was a 'perfect' operation, delivered with the skill gained during the bitter fighting with the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe over four years.
The distinctly brutal nature of warfare on the Eastern Front was exemplified by an often wilful disregard for human life by both sides.
It was also reflected in the ideological premise for the war, which also saw a momentous clash between two directly opposed ideologies.
Aside from the ideological conflict, the mindframe of the leaders of Germany and the Soviet Union, Hitler and Stalin respectively, contributed to the escalation of terror and murder on an unprecedented scale.
Conversely, General George Marshall, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, calculated that without the Eastern Front, the United States would have had to double the number of its soldiers on the Western Front.
Behind the front lines, atrocities against civilians in German-occupied areas were routine, including those carried out as part of the Holocaust.
German and German-allied forces treated civilian populations with exceptional brutality, massacring whole village populations and routinely killing civilian hostages (see German war crimes).
Both sides practised widespread scorched earth tactics, but the loss of civilian lives in the case of Germany was incomparably smaller than that of the Soviet Union, in which at least 20 million were killed.
When the Red Army invaded Germany in 1944, many German civilians suffered from reprisals by Red Army soldiers (see Soviet war crimes).
After the war, following the Yalta conference agreements between the Allies, the German populations of East Prussia and Silesia were displaced to the west of the Oder–Neisse line, in what became one of the largest forced migrations of people in world history.
Much of the combat took place in or close to populated areas, and the actions of both sides contributed to massive loss of civilian life and tremendous material damage.
According to a summary, presented by Lieutenant General Roman Rudenko at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, the property damage in the Soviet Union inflicted by the Axis invasion was estimated to a value of 679 billion rubles.
The combined damage consisted of complete or partial destruction of 1,710 cities and towns, 70,000 villages/hamlets, 2,508 church buildings, 31,850 industrial establishments, 40,000 miles of railroad, 4,100 railroad stations, 40,000 hospitals, 84,000 schools, and 43,000 public libraries; leaving 25 million homeless.
Wolves and foxes fleeing westward from the killing zone, as the Soviet army advanced between 1943 and 1945, were responsible for a rabies epidemic that spread slowly westwards, reaching the coast of the English Channel by 1968.
The Soviet Union and Nazi Germany were both ideologically driven states (by Soviet communism and by Nazism respectively), in which the foremost political leaders had near-absolute power.
The character of the war was thus determined by the political leaders and their ideology to a much greater extent than in any other theatre of World War II.
Adolf Hitler exercised tight control over the German war-effort, spending much of his time in his command bunkers (most notably at Rastenburg in East Prussia, at Vinnitsa in Ukraine, and under the garden of the Reich Chancellery in Berlin).
At crucial periods in the war he held daily situation-conferences at which he used his remarkable talent for public speaking to overwhelm opposition from his generals and from the OKW staff with rhetoric.
In part because of the unexpected degree of German success in the Battle of France (despite the warnings of the professional military) Hitler believed himself a military genius, with a grasp of the total war-effort that eluded his generals.
In the winter of 1941–1942 Hitler believed that his obstinate refusal to allow the German armies to retreat had saved Army Group Centre from collapse.
The success of this hedgehog defence outside Moscow led Hitler to insist on the holding of territory when it made no military sense, and to sack generals who retreated without orders.
The disastrous encirclements later in the war – at Stalingrad, Korsun and many other places – resulted directly from Hitler's orders.
Hitler's direction of the war ultimately proved disastrous for the German Army, though the skill, loyalty, professionalism and endurance of officers and soldiers enabled him to keep Germany fighting to the end.
Joseph Stalin bore the greatest responsibility for some of the disasters at the beginning of the war (for example, the Battle of Kiev (1941)), but equally deserves praise for the subsequent success of the Soviet Red Army, which depended on the unprecedentedly rapid industrialisation of the Soviet Union, which Stalin's internal policy had made the first priority throughout the 1930s.
Stalin's Great Purge of the Red Army in the late 1930s involved the legal prosecution of many of the senior command, many of whom the courts convicted and sentenced to death or to imprisonment.
This opened up their places to the promotion of many younger officers that Stalin and the NKVD regarded as in line with Stalinist politics.
Larger units had military councils consisting of the commander, commissar and chief of staff – commissars ensured the loyalty of the commanding officers and implemented Party orders.
Following the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland, of the Baltic states and of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1939–1940, Stalin insisted on the occupation of every fold of the newly Sovietized territories; this move westward positioned troops far from their depots, in salients that left them vulnerable to encirclement.
As tension heightened in spring, 1941, Stalin desperately tried not to give Hitler any provocation that Berlin could use as an excuse for a German attack; Stalin refused to allow the military to go on the alert – even as German troops gathered on the borders and German reconnaissance planes overflew installations.
This refusal to take necessary action was instrumental in the destruction of major portions of the Red Air Force, lined up on its airfields, in the first days of the German-Soviet war.
At the crisis of the war, in the autumn of 1942, Stalin made many concessions to the army: the government restored unitary command by removing the Commissars from the chain of command.
Order 25 of 15 January 1943 introduced shoulderboards for all ranks; this represented a significant symbolic step, since after the Russian Revolution of 1917 shoulderboards had connotations as a symbol of the old Tsarist régime.
By October 1942 the idea of regular blocking detachments was quietly dropped, By 29 October 1944 the units were officially disbanded.
As it became clear that the Soviet Union would win the war, Stalin ensured that propaganda always mentioned his leadership of the war; he sidelined the victorious generals and never allowed them to develop into political rivals.
After the war the Soviets once again purged the Red Army (though not as brutally as in the 1930s) and demoted many successful officers (including Zhukov, Malinovsky and Koniev) to unimportant positions.
For the majority of people of the Soviet Union, the Nazi invasion was viewed as a brutal act of unprovoked aggression.
While it is important to note that not all parts of Soviet society viewed the German advance in this way, the majority of the Soviet population viewed German forces as occupiers.
The nascent national liberation movements among Ukrainians and Cossacks, and others were viewed by Hitler with suspicion; some, especially those from the Baltic States, were co-opted into the Axis armies and others brutally suppressed.
Instead, the Nazi ideologues saw the future of the East as one of settlement by German colonists, with the natives killed, expelled, or reduced to slave labour.
The cruel and brutally inhumane treatment of Soviet civilians, women, children and elderly, the daily bombings of civilian cities and towns, Nazi pillaging of Soviet villages and hamlets and unprecedented harsh punishment and treatment of civilians in general were some of the primary reasons for Soviet resistance to Nazi Germany's invasion.
Indeed, the Soviets viewed Germany's invasion as an act of aggression and an attempt to conquer and enslave the local population.
Regions closer to the front were managed by military powers of the region, in other areas such as the Baltic states annexed by the USSR in 1940, Reichscommissariats were established.
Many hundreds of thousands of Soviet civilians were executed, and millions more died from starvation as the Germans requisitioned food for their armies and fodder for their draft horses.
As they retreated from Ukraine and Belarus in 1943–44, the German occupiers systematically applied a scorched earth policy, burning towns and cities, destroying infrastructure, and leaving civilians to starve or die of exposure.
The Nazi ideology and the maltreatment of the local population and Soviet POWs encouraged partisans fighting behind the front; it motivated even anti-communists or non-Russian nationalists to ally with the Soviets and greatly delayed the formation of German-allied divisions consisting of Soviet POWs (see Vlasov army).
Military losses of 10.6 million include six million killed or missing in action and 3.6 million POW dead, plus 400,000 paramilitary and Soviet partisan losses.
Civilian deaths totalled 15.9 million, which included 1.5 million from military actions; 7.1 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 1.8 million deported to Germany for forced labour; and 5.5 million famine and disease deaths.
Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the present-day Belarus territory was occupied by the Germans by the end of August 1941.
The Nazis imposed a brutal regime, deporting some 380,000 young people for slave labour, and killing hundreds of thousands (civilians) more.
By 1946, 80 per cent of civilians and 20 per cent of POWs were freed, others were re-drafted, or sent to labour battalions.
The official Polish government report of war losses prepared in 1947 reported 6,028,000 victims out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic Poles and Jews; this report excluded ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian losses.
Although the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention (1929), it is generally accepted that it considered itself bound by the provisions of the Hague convention.
Immediately after the start of the German invasion, the NKVD massacred large numbers of inmates in most of their prisons in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, while the remainder was to be evacuated in death marches.
The Soviet victory owed a great deal to the ability of its war industry to outperform the German economy, despite the enormous loss of population and land.
In 1941, thousands of trains evacuated critical factories and workers from Belarus and Ukraine to safe areas far from the front lines.
As the Soviet Union's manpower reserves ran low from 1943 onwards, the great Soviet offensives had to depend more on equipment and less on the expenditure of lives.
The increases in production of materiel were achieved at the expense of civilian living standards – the most thorough application of the principle of total war – and with the help of Lend-Lease supplies from the United Kingdom and the United States.
American exports and technical expertise also enabled the Soviets to produce goods that they wouldn't have been able to on their own.
For example, while the USSR was able to produce fuel of octane numbers from 70 to 74, Soviet industry only met 4% of demand for fuel of octane numbers from 90+; all aircraft produced after 1939 required fuel of the latter category.
Germany had far greater resources than did the USSR, and dwarfed its production in every matrix except for oil, having over five times the USSR's coal production, over three times its iron production, three times its steel production, twice its electricity production, and about 2/3 of its oil production.
Soviet armoured fighting vehicle production was greater than the Germans (in 1943, the Soviet Union manufactured 24,089 tanks and self-propelled guns to Germany's 19,800).
The Soviets incrementally upgraded existing designs, and simplified and refined manufacturing processes to increase production, and were helped by a mass infusion of harder to produce goods such as aviation fuel, machine tools, trucks, and high-explosives from Lend-Lease, allowing them to concentrate on a few key industries.
Naval vessels alone constituted 10–15% of Germany's war expenditures from 1940 to 1944 depending on the year, while armoured vehicles by comparison were only 5–8%.
Germany on the other hand had the resources of conquered Europe at its disposal; those numbers are however not included into the tables above, such as production in France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Denmark, and so on.
It was by far the deadliest single theatre of the European portion of World War II with up to 10 million military deaths on the Soviet side (although, depending on the criteria used, casualties in the Far East theatre may have been similar in number).
Included in this figure of German losses is the majority of the 2 million German military personnel listed as missing or unaccounted for after the war.
Rüdiger Overmans states that it seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of these men were killed in action and the other half died in Soviet custody.
Official OKW Casualty Figures list 65% of Heer killed/missing/captured as being lost on the Eastern Front from 1 September 1939, to 1 January 1945 (four months and a week before the conclusion of the war), with front not specified for losses of the Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe.
Over 11.4 million Soviet civilians within pre-1939 Soviet borders were killed, and another estimated 3.5 million civilians were killed in the annexed territories.
023, 4 February 1944), the irretrievable casualties include killed, missing, those who died due to war-time or subsequent wounds, maladies and chilblains and those who were captured.
The huge death toll was attributed to several factors, including brutal mistreatment of POWs and captured partisans, the large deficiency of food and medical supplies in Soviet territories, and atrocities committed mostly by the Germans against the civilian population.
The multiple battles and the use of scorched earth tactics destroyed agricultural land, infrastructure, and whole towns, leaving much of the population homeless and without food.
Based on Soviet sources Krivosheev put German losses on the Eastern Front from 1941–1945 at 6,923,700 men: including killed in action, died of wounds or disease and reported missing and presumed dead4,137,100, taken prisoner 2,571,600 and 215,000 dead among Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht.
According to a report prepared by the General Staff of the Army issued in December 1944, materiel losses in the East from the period of 22 June 1941 until November 1944 stood at 33,324 armoured vehicles of all types (tanks, assault guns, tank destroyers, self-propelled guns and others).
Overall, Nazi Germany produced 3,024 reconnaissance vehicles, 2,450 other armoured vehicles, 21,880 armoured personnel carriers, 36,703 semi-tracked tractors and 87,329 semi-tracked trucks, estimated 2/3 were lost on the Eastern front.
The Soviets lost 96,500 tanks, tank destroyers, self-propelled guns and assault guns, as well as 37,600 other armoured vehicles (such as armoured cars and semi-tracked trucks) for a total of 134,100 armoured vehicles lost.
Polish Armed Forces in the East, initially consisting of Poles from Eastern Poland or otherwise in the Soviet Union in 1939–1941, began fighting alongside the Red Army in 1943, and grew steadily as more Polish territory was liberated from the Nazis in 1944–1945.
When the Axis countries of Central Europe were occupied by the Soviets, they changed sides and declared war on Germany (see Allied Commissions).
The other main group of men joining the German army were citizens of the Baltic countries annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 or from Western Ukraine.
Hitler's notorious Commissar Order called for Soviet political commissars, who were responsible for ensuring that Red Army units remained politically reliable, to be summarily shot when identified amongst captured troops.
Axis troops who captured Red Army soldiers frequently shot them in the field or shipped them to concentration camps to be used as forced labourers or killed.
This figure represents a total of 45–57% of all Soviet POWs and may be contrasted with 8,300 out of 231,000 British and U.S. prisoners, or 3.6%.
cURL (pronounced 'curl') is a computer software project providing a library (libcurl) and command-line tool (curl) for transferring data using various network protocols.
The original author and lead developer is the Swedish developer Daniel Stenberg, who created cURL because he wanted to automate the fetching of currency exchange rates for IRC users.
libcurl is a free client-side URL transfer library, supporting cookies, DICT, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP/1 (with HTTP/2 support), HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, HTTP proxy tunneling, HTTPS, IMAP, Kerberos, LDAP, POP3, RTSP, SCP, and SMTP.
The library supports the file URI scheme, SFTP, Telnet, TFTP, file transfer resume, FTP uploading, HTTP form-based upload, HTTPS certificates, LDAPS, proxies, and user-plus-password authentication.
It builds and works identically on many platforms, including AIX, AmigaOS, Android, BeOS, BlackBerry Tablet OS and BlackBerry 10, OpenVMS, Darwin, DOS, FreeBSD, HP-UX, HURD, iOS, IRIX, Linux, macOS, NetBSD, NetWare, OpenBSD, OS/2, QNX Neutrino, RISC OS, Solaris, Symbian, Tru64, Ultrix, UnixWare, and Microsoft Windows.
The libcurl library can support axTLS, GnuTLS, mbed TLS, NSS, QSOSSL on IBM i, SChannel on Windows, Secure Transport on macOS and iOS, SSL/TLS through OpenSSL, and wolfSSL.
Since cURL uses libcurl, it supports a range of common network protocols, currently including HTTP, HTTPS, SOAP requests, FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, LDAP, DAP, DICT, TELNET, FILE, IMAP, POP3, SMTP and RTSP (the last four only in versions newer than 7.20.0 or 9 February 2010).
When cURL connects to a remote server via HTTPS, it will obtain the remote server certificate, then check against its CA certificate store the validity of the remote server to ensure the remote server is the one it claims to be.
cURL will return an error message if the remote server is using a self-signed certificate, or if the remote server certificate is not signed by a CA listed in the CA cert file.
Alternatively, if the remote server is trusted, the remote server CA certificate can be added to the CA certificate store file.
The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany.
The first phase saw the capitulation of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain.
The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945.
The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France.
Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground.
This was also the period in which the United Kingdom and France did not supply significant aid to Poland, despite their pledged alliance.
While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border.
At the Maginot Line on the other side of the border, French troops stood facing them, whilst the British Expeditionary Force and other elements of the French Army created a defensive line along the Belgian border.
The British Royal Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets on Germany and the first Canadian troops stepped ashore in Britain, while Western Europe was in a strange calm for seven months.
In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production.
While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserübung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway.
In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden.
However, when the Allies made a counter-landing in Norway following the German invasion, the Germans repulsed them and defeated the Norwegian armed forces, driving the latter into exile.
With the Luftwaffe unable to defeat the RAF in the Battle of Britain, the invasion of Great Britain could no longer be thought of as an option.
While the majority of the German army was mustered for the invasion of the Soviet Union, construction began on the Atlantic Wall – a series of defensive fortifications along the French coast of the English Channel.
Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast.
Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support.
However, much was learned as a result of the operation – these lessons would be put to good use in the subsequent invasion.
For almost two years, there was no land-fighting on the Western Front with the exception of commando raids and the guerrilla actions of the resistance aided by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS).
However, in the meantime, the Allies took the war to Germany, with a strategic bombing campaign the US Eighth Air Force bombing Germany by day and RAF Bomber Command bombing by night.
The bulk of the Allied armies were occupied in the Mediterranean, seeking to clear the sea lanes to the Indian Ocean and capture the Foggia Airfield Complex.
Two early British raids for which battle honours were awarded were Operation Collar in Boulogne (24 June 1940) and Operation Ambassador in Guernsey (14–15 July 1940).
A raid on Sark on the night of 3/4 October 1942 is notable because a few days after the incursion the Germans issued a propaganda communiqué implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied.
This instance of tying prisoner's hands contributed to Hitler's decision to issue his Commando Order instructing that all captured Commandos or Commando-type personnel were to be executed as a matter of procedure.
By the summer of 1944, when expectation of an Allied invasion was freely admitted by German commanders, the disposition of troops facing it came under the command of OB West (HQ in Paris).
The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops.
Army Group B had the 2nd Panzer Division in northern France, 116th Panzer Division in the Paris area, and the 21st Panzer Division in Normandy.
The deception plans, Operation Fortitude and Operation Bodyguard, had the Germans convinced that the invasion would occur in the Pas-de-Calais, while the real target was Normandy.
Following two months of slow fighting in hedgerow country, Operation Cobra allowed the Americans to break out at the western end of the lodgement.
As had so often happened on the Eastern Front Hitler refused to allow a strategic withdrawal until it was too late.
Approximately 150,000 Germans were able to escape from the Falaise pocket, but they left behind most of their irreplaceable equipment and 50,000 Germans were killed or taken prisoner.
If the British had broken out of the Normandy bridgehead (or beachhead) around Caen when they launched Operation Goodwood and pushed along the coast, facts on the ground might have turned the argument in favour of a narrow front.
However, as the breakout took place during Operation Cobra at the western end of the bridge-head, the 21st Army Group that included the British and Canadian forces swung east and headed for Belgium, the Netherlands and Northern Germany, while the U.S. Twelfth Army Group advanced to their south via eastern France, Luxembourg and the Ruhr Area, rapidly fanning out into a broad front.
As this was the strategy favoured by the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and most of the American high command, it was soon adopted.
The US Seventh Army and the French First Army, making up the US 6th Army Group, rapidly consolidated this beachhead and liberated southern France in two weeks; they then moved north up the Rhone valley.
The Germans in France were now faced by three powerful Allied army groups: in the north the British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in the center the American 12th Army Group, commanded by General Omar Bradley and to the south the US 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers.
By mid-September, the 6th Army Group, advancing from the south, came into contact with Bradley's formations advancing from the west and overall control of Devers' force passed from AFHQ in the Mediterranean so that all three army groups came under Eisenhower's central command at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces).
On 19 August, the French Resistance (FFI) organised a general uprising and the liberation of Paris took place on 25 August when general Dietrich von Choltitz accepted the French ultimatum and surrendered to general Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, commander of the Free French 2nd Armored Division, ignoring orders from Hitler that Paris should be held to the last and destroyed.
The Red Ball Express, the Allied trucking effort, was simply unable to transport enough supplies from the port facilities in Normandy all the way to the front line, which by September, was close to the German border.
Major German units in the French southwest that had not been committed in Normandy withdrew, either eastwards towards Alsace (sometimes directly across the US 6th Army Group's advance) or into the ports with the intention of denying them to the Allies.
However, it lay at the end of the long Scheldt Estuary, and so it could not be used until its approaches were clear of heavily fortified German positions.
The Breskens pocket on the southern bank of the Scheldt was cleared with heavy casualties by allied forces in Operation Switchback, during the Battle of the Scheldt.
This was followed by a tedious campaign to clear a peninsula dominating the estuary, and finally, the amphibious assault on Walcheren Island in November.
The campaign to clear the Scheldt Estuary along with Operation Pheasant was a decisive victory for the Allies, as it allowed a greatly improved delivery of supplies directly from Antwerp, which was far closer to the front than the Normandy beaches.
In October the Americans decided that they could not just invest Aachen and let it fall in a slow siege, because it threatened the flanks of the U.S. Ninth Army.
As it was the first major German city to face capture, Hitler ordered that the city be held at all costs.
In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners.
South of the Ardennes, American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line.
The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather.
Seventh Army and French First Army) fought a difficult campaign through the Vosges Mountains that was marked by dogged German resistance and slow advances.
In November, however, the German front snapped under the pressure, resulting in sudden Allied advances that liberated Belfort, Mulhouse, and Strasbourg, and placed Allied forces along the Rhine River.
The Germans managed to hold a large bridgehead (the Colmar Pocket), on the western bank of the Rhine and centered around the city of Colmar.
With its main thrust again through the Hürtgen Forest, the offensive drove the Allies to the Rur River, but failed in its core objectives to capture the Rur dams and pave the way towards the Rhine.
Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, commanding the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, persuaded the Allied High Command to launch a bold attack, Operation Market Garden, which he hoped would get the Allies across the Rhine and create the narrow-front he favoured.
Airborne troops would fly in from the United Kingdom and take bridges over the main rivers of the German-occupied Netherlands in three main cities; Eindhoven, Nijmegen, and Arnhem.
The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the Maas–Schelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem.
XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges, but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem.
The result was the near-destruction of the British 1st Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem, which sustained almost 8,000 casualties.
The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem.
Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over to within less than of the Meuse.
Having been taken by surprise, the Allies regrouped and the Germans were stopped by a combined air and land counter-attack which eventually pushed them back to their starting points by 25 January 1945.
The culmination of Allied counter-attacks restored the front line to the area of the German border and collapsed the Colmar Pocket.
This was followed by a pincer movement of the First Canadian Army in Operation Veritable advancing from the Nijmegen area of the Netherlands, and the US Ninth Army crossing the Roer in Operation Grenade.
Veritable and Grenade were planned to start on 8 February 1945, but Grenade was delayed by two weeks when the Germans flooded the Roer valley by destroying the gates of the Rur Dam upstream.
Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt requested permission to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that further resistance would only delay the inevitable, but was ordered by Hitler to fight where his forces stood.
By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank.
Von Rundstedt's divisions which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' – 280,000 men were taken prisoner.
With a large number of men captured, the stubborn German resistance during the Allied campaign to reach the Rhine in February and March 1945 had been costly.
By the time they prepared to cross the Rhine in late March, the Western Allies had taken 1,300,000 German soldiers prisoner in western Europe.
Once the Allies had crossed the Rhine, the British fanned out northeast towards Hamburg crossing the river Elbe and on towards Denmark and the Baltic.
The US Ninth Army, which had remained under British command since the battle of the Bulge, went south as the northern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement as well as pushing elements east.
XIX Corps of the Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 April and the US XIII Corps to the north occupied Stendal.
The German Army Group B commanded by Field Marshal Walther Model was trapped in the Ruhr Pocket and 300,000 soldiers became POWs.
During the push east, the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Magdeburg, Halle and Leipzig were strongly defended by ad hoc German garrisons made up of regular troops, Flak units, Volkssturm and armed Nazi Party auxiliaries.
Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army.
The First and Ninth Armies stopped along the Elbe and Mulde rivers, making contact with Soviet forces near the Elbe in late April.
The US Third Army had fanned out to the east into western Czechoslovakia and southeast into eastern Bavaria and northern Austria.
By V-E Day, the US 12th Army Group was a force of four armies (First, Third, Ninth and Fifteenth) that numbered over 1.3 million men.
The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.
Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945.
Field Marshal Montgomery took the German military surrender of all German forces in The Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on Lüneburg Heath, an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen, on 4 May 1945.
As the operational commander of some of these forces was Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, the new Reichspräsident (head of state) of the Third Reich this signaled that the European war was over.
On 7 May at his headquarters in Rheims, Eisenhower took the unconditional surrender of all German forces to the western Allies and the Soviet Union, from the German Chief-of-Staff, General Alfred Jodl, who signed the first general instrument of surrender at 0241 hours.
On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets.
The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Ottoman and Berber pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, a term derived from the name of its ethnically Berber inhabitants.
Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean, south along West Africa's Atlantic seaboard and into the North Atlantic as far north as Iceland, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean.
The main purpose of their attacks was slaves for the Ottoman slave trade as well as the general Arab slavery market in North Africa and the Middle East.
In that period Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli came under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, either as directly administered provinces or as autonomous dependencies known as the Barbary States.
Between 1580 and 1680 corsairs were said to have captured about 850,000 people as slaves and from 1530 to 1780 as many as 1,250,000 people were enslaved.
Hayreddin Barbarossa and Oruç Reis, Turkish Barbarossa Brothers, who took control of Algiers on behalf of the Ottomans in the early 16th century, were also notorious corsairs.
The European pirates brought advanced sailing and shipbuilding techniques to the Barbary Coast around 1600, which enabled the corsairs to extend their activities into the Atlantic Ocean.
Long after Europeans had abandoned oar-driven vessels in favor of sailing ships carrying tons of powerful cannon, many Barbary warships were galleys carrying a hundred or more fighting men armed with cutlasses and small arms.
The scope of corsair activity began to diminish in the latter part of the 17th century, as the more powerful European navies started to compel the Barbary States to make peace and cease attacking their shipping.
Following the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna in 1814–15, European powers agreed upon the need to suppress the Barbary corsairs entirely and the threat was largely subdued.
Occasional incidents occurred, including two Barbary wars between the United States and the Barbary States, until finally terminated by the French conquest of Algeria in 1830.
In 1198 the problem of Berber piracy and slave-taking was so great that the Trinitarians, a religious order, were founded to collect ransoms and even to exchange themselves as ransom for those captured and pressed into slavery in North Africa.
Morisco exiles of the Reconquista and Maghreb pirates added to the numbers, but it was not until the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the arrival of the privateer and admiral Kemal Reis in 1487 that the Barbary corsairs became a true menace to shipping from European Christian nations.
But, on December 20, 1777, Sultan Mohammed III of Morocco issued a declaration recognizing America as an independent country, and that American merchant ships could enjoy safe passage into the Mediterranean and along the coast.
The relations were formalized with the Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship signed in 1786, which stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty with a foreign power.
As late as 1798, an islet near Sardinia was attacked by the Tunisians, and more than 900 inhabitants were taken away as slaves.
From 1659, these African cities, although nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, were in fact military republics that chose their own rulers and lived by war booty captured from the Spanish and Portuguese.
There are several cases of Sephardic Jews, including Sinan Reis and Samuel Pallache, who upon fleeing Iberia turned to attacking the Spanish Empire's shipping under the Ottoman flag, a profitable strategy of revenge for the Inquisition's religious persecution.
During the first period (1518–1587), the beylerbeys were admirals of the sultan, commanding great fleets and conducting war operations for political ends.
In 1551 Turgut Reis enslaved the entire population of the Maltese island of Gozo, between 5,000 and 6,000, sending them to Ottoman Tripolitania.
A notable counter action occurred in 1607, when the Knights of Saint Stephen (under Jacopo Inghirami) sacked Bona in Algeria, killing 470 and taking 1,464 captives.
In 1611 Spanish galleys from Naples, accompanied by the galleys of the Knights of Malta, raided the Kerkennah Islands off the coast of Tunisia and took away almost 500 Muslim captives.
Between 1568 and 1634 the Knights of Saint Stephen may have captured about 14,000 Muslims, with perhaps one-third taken in land raids and two-thirds taken on captured ships.
In June 1631 Murat Reis, with corsairs from Algiers and armed troops of the Ottoman Empire, stormed ashore at the little harbor village of Baltimore, County Cork.
The prisoners were destined for a variety of fates – some lived out their days chained to the oars as galley slaves, while women spent long years as concubines in harems or within the walls of the sultan's palace.
A long list might be given of people of good social position, not only Italians or Spaniards, but German or English travelers in the south, who were captives for a time.
In 1675 a Royal Navy squadron led by Sir John Narborough negotiated a lasting peace with Tunis and, after bombarding the city to induce compliance, with Tripoli.
Until the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, British treaties with the North African states protected American ships from the Barbary corsairs.
Morocco, which in 1777 was the first independent nation to publicly recognize the United States, in 1784 became the first Barbary power to seize an American vessel after the nation achieved independence.
While the United States did secure peace treaties with the Barbary states, it was obliged to pay tribute for protection from attack.
The burden was substantial: in 1800 payments in ransom and tribute to the Barbary states amounted to 20% of United States federal government's annual expenditures.
The Barbary states had difficulty securing uniform compliance with a total prohibition of slave-raiding, as this had been traditionally of central importance to the North African economy.
According to Robert Davis, between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.
In addition, the number of slaves traded was hyperactive, with exaggerated estimates relying on peak years to calculate averages for entire centuries, or millennia.
Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records.
Such observations, across the late 1500s and early 1600s observers, account for around 35,000 European Christian slaves held throughout this period on the Barbary Coast, across Tripoli, Tunis, but mostly in Algiers.
The majority were sailors (particularly those who were English), taken with their ships, but others were fishermen and poor coastal villagers.
From bases on the Barbary coast, North Africa, the Barbary pirates raided ships traveling through the Mediterranean and along the northern and western coasts of Africa, plundering their cargo and enslaving the people they captured.
From at least 1500, the pirates also conducted raids along seaside towns of Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, England, the Netherlands and as far away as Iceland, capturing men, women and children.
Next came the auction, where the townspeople would bid on the captives they wanted to purchase and once that was over, the governor of Algiers (the Dey) had the chance to purchase any slave he wanted for the price they were sold at the auction.
Slaves were used for a wide variety of jobs, from hard manual labor to housework (the job assigned to most women slaves).
Most Barbary galleys were at sea for around eighty to a hundred days a year, but when the slaves assigned to them were on land, they were forced to do hard manual labor.
According to historian Adrian Tinniswood, the most notorious corsairs were English and European renegades who had learned their trade as privateers, and who moved to the Barbary Coast during peacetime to pursue their trade.
These outcasts brought up-to-date naval expertise to the piracy business, and enabled the corsairs to make long-distance slave-catching raids as far away as Iceland and Newfoundland.
They, and two less well-known brothers all became Barbary corsairs in the service of the Ottoman Empire; they were called the Barbarossas (Italian for Redbeards) after the red beard of Oruç, the eldest.
He often attacked Spanish territories on the coast of North Africa; during one failed attempt in 1512 he lost his left arm to a cannonball.
The eldest Barbarossa also went on a rampage through Algiers in 1516, and captured the town with the help of the Ottoman Empire.
Under his command the Ottoman Empire was able to gain and keep control of the eastern Mediterranean for over thirty years.
Ward was a privateer for Queen Elizabeth during her war with Spain; after the end of the war, he became a corsair.
With some associates he captured a ship in about 1603 and sailed it to Tunis; he and his crew converted to Islam.
He introduced heavily armed square-rigged ships, used instead of galleys, to the North African area, a major reason for the Barbary's future dominance of the Mediterranean.
She was born around 1485 in the Emirate of Granada, but was forced to flee to Morocco when she was very young to escape the Reconquista.
In Morocco, she gathered a crew largely of exiled Moors, and launched pirate expeditions against Spain and Portugal to avenge the Reconquista, protect Morocco from Christian pirates, and seek riches and glory.
She co-founded the Barbary Corsairs with her allies the Barbarossa brothers, who divided the Mediterranean between them—the Barbarossas and their Ottoman fleet operating in the east, and Sayyida al-Hurra and her Moorish and North-African pirates operating in the west.
Notably, however, she refused to marry in his capital of Fez, and would not get married but in Tétouan, of which she was governor.
One of the stereotypical features of a pirate as portrayed in popular culture, the eye patch, may have been partially derived from the Arab corsair Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalahimah, who wore a patch after losing an eye in battle in the 18th century.
Other notable members of the O'Neill family were Jack, a catcher in the National League (1902–06); Mike, a right-handed pitcher in the NL (1901–04, 1907); and Jim, an infielder with the American League Washington Senators (1920, 1923).
Later, two of Steve O'Neill's daughters married professional baseball players, one of whom was Skeeter Webb, who played under O'Neill in the minor leagues in 1939 and again from 1945–47, when O'Neill piloted the Tigers.
Steve had by far the most successful playing career of the O'Neill brothers, serving as a catcher for 17 years in the American League.
His playing career curtailed by an injury sustained in a car accident, O'Neill compiled a batting average of .263 in 1,586 games, and, in his only World Series appearance in 1920, hit .333 in seven games as the backstop for the world champion Indians.
When his playing career ended, O'Neill turned to managing in the minors and gained a reputation for cultivating talented young players, some of whom went on to become Hall of Famers.
As a big league manager with four teams—the Indians (1935–37), Tigers (1943–48), Red Sox (1950–51) and Philadelphia Phillies (1952–54)—O'Neill never had a losing record.
His Tigers won the 1945 World Series (when they defeated the Chicago Cubs in the Cubs' last Fall Classic appearance until 2016) and O'Neill was known for turning around under-performing teams, often in mid-season.
He also served as a coach for Cleveland (part of 1935 and all of 1949), Detroit (1941) and Boston (part of 1950).
O'Neill died at age 70 in Cleveland, Ohio, after suffering a heart attack, and is interred in St. Joseph's Cemetery, Minooka.
Henry Prize Stories is an annual collection of the year's twenty best stories published in U.S. and Canadian magazines, written in English.
Past series editors have been: Blanche Colton Williams (1919–32), Harry Hansen (1933–40), Herschel Brickell (1941–51), Paul Engle (1954–59), Mary Stegner (1960), Richard Poirier (1961–66, assisted by William Abrahams, 1964–66), William Abrahams (1967–96), and Larry Dark (1997–2002).
Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world, but are most common in English speaking countries, especially the United States.
Other experts who have argued that abductees' mental health is no better or worse than average include psychologists John Wilson and Rima Laibow, and psychotherapist David Gotlib.
Abduction claimants do not always attempt to explain the phenomenon, but some take independent research interest in it themselves and explain the lack of greater awareness of alien abduction as the result of either extraterrestrial or governmental interest in cover-up.
An early alien abduction claim occurred in the mid-1950s with the Antonio Vilas Boas case, which did not receive much attention until several years later.
Widespread publicity was generated by the Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961, culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events.
The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case and was perhaps the first in which the claimant described beings that later became widely known as the Greys and in which the beings were said to explicitly identify an extraterrestrial origin.
Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abductions, skeptic Peter Rogerson notes they were only the first abduction cases, establishing a template that later abductees and researchers would refine but rarely deviate from.
Sprinkle became convinced of the phenomenon's actuality, and was perhaps the first to suggest a link between abductions and cattle mutilation.
Eventually Sprinkle came to believe that he had been abducted by aliens in his youth; he was forced from his job in 1989.
In the 1970s he became interested in abduction reports, and began using hypnosis to extract more details of dimly remembered events.
Works by Hopkins, novelist Whitley Strieber, historian David M. Jacobs and psychiatrist John E. Mack presented alien abduction as a genuine phenomenon.
Also of note in the 1980s was the publication of folklorist Dr. Thomas E. Bullard's comparative analysis of nearly 300 alleged abductees.
There had been earlier abduction reports (the Hills being the best known), but they were believed to be few and far between, and saw rather little attention from ufology (and even less attention from mainstream professionals or academics).
Jacobs and Hopkins argued that alien abduction was far more common than earlier suspected; they estimate that tens of thousands (or more) North Americans had been taken by unexplained beings.
There had been anecdotal reports of phantom pregnancy related to UFO encounters at least as early as the 1960s, but Budd Hopkins and especially David M. Jacobs were instrumental in popularizing the idea of widespread, systematic interbreeding efforts on the part of the alien intruders.
The descriptions of alien encounters as researched and presented by Hopkins, Jacobs and Mack were similar, with slight differences in each researcher's emphasis; the process of selective citation of abductee interviews that supported these variations was sometimes criticized – though abductees who presented their own accounts directly, such as Whitley Strieber, fared no better.
Their efforts were controversial (both men saw some degree of damage to their professional reputations), but to other observers, Jacobs and Mack brought a degree of respectability to the subject.
Mack was a well known, highly esteemed psychiatrist, author of over 150 scientific articles and winner of the Pulitzer Prize for his biography of T. E. Lawrence.
Mack became interested in the phenomenon in the late 1980s, interviewing over 800 people, and eventually writing two books on the subject.
Mack devoted a substantial amount of time to investigating such cases and eventually concluded that the only phenomenon in psychiatry that adequately explained the patients' symptoms in several of the most compelling cases was posttraumatic stress disorder.
As he noted at the time, this would imply that the patient genuinely believed that the remembered frightening incident had really occurred – the position Mack came to endorse.
In June 1992, Mack and the physicist David E. Pritchard organized a five-day conference at MIT to discuss and debate the abduction phenomenon.
Writer C. D. B. Bryan attended the conference, initially intending to gather information for a short humorous article for The New Yorker.
While attending the conference, however, Bryan's view of the subject changed, and he wrote a serious, open-minded book on the phenomenon, additionally interviewing many abductees, skeptics, and proponents.
One of the earliest studies of abductions found 1,700 claimants, while contested surveys argued that 5–6 percent of the general population might have been abducted.
Given the reproductive focus of the alleged abductions it is not surprising that one man reported being rejected because he had undergone a vasectomy.
These child-reports often feature very specific details in common with reports of abduction made by adults, including the circumstances, narrative, entities and aftermaths of the alleged occurrences.
The beings are task-oriented and there is no indication whatsoever that we have been able to find of any aspect of their lives outside of performing the abduction procedures.
This period of foreboding can last for up to several days before the abduction actually takes place or be completely absent.
The source and nature of the lights differ by report; sometimes the light emanates from a source outside the house (presumably the abductors' UFO), sometimes the lights are in the bedroom with the experiencer and transform into alien figures.
As the alleged abduction proceeds, claimants say they will walk or be levitated into an alien craft, in the latter case often through solid objects such as walls, ceilings or a closed window.
Alternatively, they may experience rising through a tunnel or along a beam of light, with or without the abductors accompanying them, into the awaiting craft.
The entity that appears to be in charge of the operation is often taller than the others involved, and is sometimes described as appearing to be of a different species.
This could result from a difference in the purpose of the examination—routine diagnosis and/or treatment versus scientific examination of an unfamiliar species, or it could be due to a different level of technology that renders certain kinds of manual procedures unnecessary.
The abductors' areas of interest appear to be the cranium, nervous system, skin, reproductive system, and to a lesser degree, the joints.
Systems given less attention than a human doctor would, or omitted entirely include cardiovascular system, the respiratory system below the pharynx and the lymphatic system.
Other constants of terrestrial medicine like pills and tablets are missing from abduction narratives although sometimes abductees are asked to drink liquids.
It shares vivid hallucination-like mental visualization with the envisioning procedures, but during staging the abductee interacts with the illusionary scenario like a role player or an actor.
However, when they actually set about performing the task, the abductee will find that they do, in fact, know how to operate the machine.
Unlike Budd Hopkins and David Jacobs, folklorist Thomas E. Bullard could not identify a child presentation phase in the abduction narrative, even after undertaking a study of 300 abduction reports.
Bullard also studied the 300 reports of alien abduction in an attempt to observe the less prominent aspects of the claims.
He notes the emergence of four general categories of events that recur regularly, although not as frequently as stereotypical happenings like the medical examination.
Chronologically within abduction reports these rarer episodes tend to happen in the order listed, between the medical examination and the return.
After allegedly displaying cold callous disregard towards the abduction experiencers, sometimes the entities will change drastically in behavior once the initial medical exam is completed.
They become more relaxed and hospitable towards their captive and lead him or her away from the site of the examination.
The tour seems to be given by the alleged abductors as a courtesy in response to the harshness and physical rigors of the forced medical examination.
Some abductees find that the experience is terrifying, particularly if the aliens are of a more fearsome species, or if the abductee was subjected to extensive probing and medical testing.
Eventually the abductors will return the abductees, usually to exactly the same location and circumstances they were in before being taken.
One type of common apparent mistake made by the abductors is failing to return the experiencer to the same spot that they were taken from initially.
This can be as simple as a different room in the same house, or abductees can even find themselves outside and all the doors of the house are locked from the inside.
Physician and abduction researcher John G. Miller sees significance in the reason a person would come to see themselves as being a victim of the abduction phenomenon.
The realization event is often a single, memorable experience, but Miller reports that not all abductees experience it as a distinct episode.
People who have a false memory which makes them believe that they have been abducted by aliens develop symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder.
People who believe they have been abducted by aliens usually have previous New Age beliefs, a vivid fantasy life, and suffer from sleep paralysis, according to a 2003 study by Harvard University.
Due to the extensive use of hypnosis, and other methods which they view as being manipulative, skeptics explain the abduction narratives as false memories and suggestions.
Alleged abductees seek out hypnotherapists to try to resolve issues such as missing time or unexplained physical symptoms such as muscle pain or headaches.
This usually involves two phases, an information gathering stage, in which the hypnotherapist asks about unexplained illnesses or unusual phenomena during the patients lives (caused by or distortions of the alleged abduction), followed by hypnosis and guided imagery to facilitate recall.
There have been a variety of explanations offered for abduction phenomena, ranging from sharply skeptical appraisals, to uncritical acceptance of all abductee claims, to the demonological, to everything in between.
Some have elected not to try explaining things, instead noting similarities to other phenomena, or simply documenting the development of the alien abduction phenomenon.
Some writers have said abduction experiences bear similarities to pre-20th century accounts of demonic manifestations, noting as many as a dozen similarities.
Abduction researcher Brian Thompson claims that a nurse acquaintance of his reported that during 1957 in Cincinnati she encountered a praying mantis-like entity two days after a V-shaped UFO sighting.
Stringfield told him of two cases he had in his files where separate witnesses reported identical circumstances in the same place and year.
While some corroborated accounts seem to support the literal reality of the abduction experience, others seem to support a psychological explanation for the phenomenon's origins.
One procedure reported occurring during the alleged exam phase of the experience is the insertion of a long needle-like contraption into a woman's navel.
If this is true, after the abduction there should be free gas in the female's abdomen, which could be seen on an x-ray.
The presence of free gas would be extremely abnormal, and would help substantiate the claim of some sort of procedure being done to her.
The Land of the Sky consists of an unknown number of continents that drift high in the stratosphere of the planet, all of them connected to a massive ice formation which also serves to anchor them to the planet's surface below.
According to Knuckles, if this ice network was destroyed, Planet Freedom's rotation would hurl the Land of the Sky into outer space, undoubtedly killing everyone on it.
The Land of Darkness is the actual surface of Planet Freedom, a post-apocalyptic wilderness with Robotnik as its sole living inhabitant.
The city and terrain strongly imply that Planet Freedom is a post apocalyptic Earth that was built upon with floating islands, with certain landmarks suggesting that the ruins are those of New York City.
The OVA series was produced by Studio Pierrot, Sega Enterprises and General Entertainment and directed and storyboarded by Kazunori Ikegami, with Mayori Sekijima and Masashi Kubota handling the story structure and script, Tsuneo Ninomiya designing the characters and Mitsuhiro Tada composing the music.
It was originally distributed by Taki Corporation in Japan on a rental-only basis between January 26 and March 22, 1996 before being released for retail sale on May 31 of that same year.
The series was licensed by ADV Films, who released an English-dubbed version as a single direct-to-video film as Sonic the Hedgehog: The Movie in September 1999 on VHS and DVD.
Due to ADV Films being dissolved and spun off into Section23 Films, one of its clients being Sentai Filmworks, both releases are now out of print.
However, the Japanese VHS, US VHS, and DVD releases include all the above scenes and are regarded as fully uncut, although the US releases do not include the episodes in their separate formats.
Archibald Ronald Bevis (born 10 April 1955) is an Australian Labor Party politician who served as the Member for Brisbane from 1990 to 2010.
Bevis held a variety of ministerial, shadow ministerial, and parliamentary leadership positions including Parliamentary Secretary for Defence, Shadow Minister for Homeland Security, the Chair of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, and Chair of the Defence Subcommittee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade.
Since leaving parliament, Bevis has served as a Member of the Defence Remuneration Tribunal, the Board of Directors of Defence Housing Australia, and the ANZAC Centenary Advisory Board.
He was born in Brisbane, and educated at Ithaca Creek State School and The Gap State High School, and graduated as a teacher from the then Brisbane CAE (now QUT).
He became the Queensland President of Young Labor in 1975, aged 20, and went on to become National President of Young Labor in 1978, aged 23.
He chaired the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology from 1992–93 and the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters from 1992–94.
After Labor lost the 1996 election, Bevis was one of only two Queensland Labor members left in Federal Parliament and held the most northern Labor seat in Federal Parliament.
He was defeated at the 2010 Federal Election by Liberal National challenger Teresa Gambaro, formerly the member for Petrie, by only 1,831 votes (a difference of 916 votes).
He was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet in 1996 serving as Shadow Minister for Defence until to 1998 and then as Shadow Minister for Industrial Relations from 1998 to 2001.
From 2004 to 2005 he served as the Shadow Minister for Defence Planning, Procurement and Personnel and Shadow Minister Assisting the Shadow Minister for Industrial Relations.
From 2005 to 2007 he served as the Shadow Minister for Homeland Security and Territories responsible for justice, customs, aviation and transport security, and the territories of the Commonwealth.
Following the 2007 federal election, Bevis was elected Chairperson of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security and Chairperson of the Joint Defence Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade.
He was also appointed to the Defence Remuneration Tribunal, the board of directors of Defence Housing Australia, and the ANZAC Centenary Advisory Board.
Bevis has been awarded life membership of the Australian Education Union (AEU), the Queensland Branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), and the Queensland Teachers Union (QTU).
It was one of the eating clubs that abandoned the selective bicker process to choose members non-selectively, a status it held for over twenty years.
In an attempt to restore the waning popularity of the club, the club's board pressured the undergraduate officers to reinstate bicker in 2004, causing Campus to become one of six selective clubs (out of eleven total clubs).
However, due to the unpopularity of bicker among its members, the club returned to being a sign-in club in the spring of 2005.
In November 2005, the former members and alumni of Campus Club voted to donate the building to the University, under the condition that the mansion remain a social venue for Princeton students.
After undergoing renovations for over two years, Campus Club reopened on September 18, 2009, as a clubhouse open to all members of the Princeton community.
During the 1900-1901 school year, a number of undergraduates from the now-defunct Yama and Ovando Clubs took a lease on a small house on Olden Street in Princeton.
In January 1901, the newly elected members of Campus Club began negotiations to purchase the residence of Professor Andrew Fleming West, which was located at the corner of Washington Road and Prospect Avenue (where Campus Club stands today).
In 1909, the members of Campus Club elected to construct a new clubhouse, and the original West house was moved to the corner of Nassau Street and Princeton Avenue.
The new clubhouse, designed by Raleigh C. Gildersleeve, who had previously designed McCosh Hall and completed alterations to Cap and Gown Club, was completed weeks prior to the 1910 commencement.
Renovations were completed in 1953, and the club remained in this state until it was acquired by the University in 2005.
Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves KB (23 October 1725 – 9 February 1802) was a British Admiral of the Royal Navy and colonial official.
Graves became Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland in 1761 and given the duty of convoying the seasonal fishing fleet from England to the island.
With the end of the Seven Years' War, Labrador came under his responsibility as French fishing fleets returned to the French Shore and St. Pierre and Miquelon.
He returned to active service during the American War of Independence and became commander-in-chief of the North American Squadron in 1781. when Mariot Arbuthnot returned home.
During the American War of Independence, his fleet was defeated by the Comte de Grasse in the Battle of the Chesapeake at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781, leading to the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.
The captured French ships from the Battle of the Saintes (110 guns) and (74 guns), and the British ships (74 guns) and (74 guns) foundered, along with other merchant ships, with the loss of 3,500 lives.
With the French Revolutionary Wars, Graves was second in command to Admiral Richard Howe at the British victory over the French at the Battle of the Glorious First of June 1794.
Graves became a full admiral and was awarded an Irish peerage as Baron Graves, of Gravesend in the County of Londonderry.
Elliot Budd Hopkins (June 15, 1931 – August 21, 2011) was an American painter, sculptor, and prominent figure in alien abduction phenomena and related UFO research.
During the long recovery process, Hopkins developed an interest in drawing and watercolors, which eventually led him to Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in art history in 1953.
From Oberlin, Hopkins moved to New York City, where he met Franz Kline, Mark Rothko, Robert Motherwell, Willem de Kooning and other abstract expressionists.
For a time, Hopkins studied art history at Columbia University and worked a low-level job selling tickets at the Museum of Modern Art.
Hopkins' first solo show was held in New York City in 1956, the same year he met and married his first wife of thirteen years, Joan Rich.
His articles on art appeared in magazines and journals, and he lectured at many art schools, including Truro Center for the Arts at Castle Hill.
In 1993 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member and became a full Academician in 1994.
As a self-described humanist, Hopkins saw his work with alleged alien abduction victims as a way to bring attention to an otherwise marginalized part of society.
By 1973, Hopkins was married to art critic April Kingsley, with whom he had a daughter, Grace Hopkins Their marriage ended in divorce in 1991.
In 1989, Hopkins organized the Intruders Foundation in Manhattan to provide support for alleged victims of alien abduction, conduct research and investigations, and promote public awareness of the phenomenon.
The book portrayed an abduction case that was alleged to have occurred in late 1989 near the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City.
Hopkins' paintings in the 1960s combined the precise, hard-edge geometric shapes he was enthralled with and drawn to as a child with gestural, atmospheric painting characteristic of second- and later-generation Abstract Expressionists.
In 1972, Hopkins was among five artists whose work was commissioned as part of a statewide effort to support the creative arts in West Virginia.
Many of his works during this time featured circular shapes with primary colors set against black and white backgrounds suggestive of Piet Mondrian.
Hopkins exhibited his paintings and sculptures in museums, galleries such as Andre Zarre, Levis Fine Art and Poindexter (New York) and Jan Cicero (Chicago), and universities throughout the United States.
The Whitney Museum, Washington Gallery of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of Modern Art, Corcoran Gallery of Art, the British Museum, include Hopkins' work in their permanent collections.
He considered the radio play a dramatic, theatrical hoax and, because of his childhood scare, felt it added to his skepticism about alien invasions rather than enamor him to the idea of it.
His interest in UFOs and alien visitations was renewed when, in August 1964, Hopkins and two others reported experiencing a day time sighting of an unidentified flying object, or UFO, in the form of a darkish, elliptical object off Cape Cod in Truro, MA.
Dissatisfied with the response Hopkins received when he reported the incident to nearby Otis Air National Guard Base, he suspected a possible government cover-up.
In 1975, Hopkins was approached by George O'Barski who, purportedly, witnessed alien figures step out of a spacecraft and take soil samples at North Hudson Park in North Bergen, New Jersey.
Hopkins, Ted Bloecher, then director of New York State's Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), and Jerry Stoehrer, also of MUFON, investigated the incident, interviewing the witness and taking soil samples.
Hopkins, along with Elizabeth Slater who conducted psychological tests of abductees, likened these experiences to rape, specifically for the purpose of human reproductive capabilities.
He was an alarmist, rather than a spiritualist, in his approach to the alien visitations, believing the visitations to be apocalyptic and that no good could come of these encounters.
These victims were, reportedly, taken to spaceships, impregnated by extraterrestrials, then later as the hybrid baby developed, returned to the ship to have the fetus removed and given up to the alien parent.
On occasion, according to victims' reports as told by Hopkins, the human parents were allowed to see their human-alien hybrid, or transgenic, children.
Once a victim, according to Hopkins, abductees were powerless over the intrusions and susceptible to additional kidnappings which may extend to their (human) children.
Critics of Hopkins' assertions about alien abductions contend that the alien abduction phenomenon is not as mysterious as Hopkins makes it out to be.
Sleep paralysis occurs in a transition time and the person is in a dream-like state, hallucinations can occur just before falling asleep (hynogogic hallucination) or just after (hypnopompic hallucination).
These hallucinations feel real to the person experiencing sleep paralysis and can often be accompanied by sensory features: musty smells, shuffling sounds, visions of ghosts, aliens, and monsters.
Hopkins partnered with David M. Jacobs, history professor at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, and John Mack, psychiatry professor at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, to design a Roper poll to find out how many of the nearly 6,000 respondents surveyed had experienced what the three believed to be symptoms indicative of alien abductions.
If generalized to the population at large, the survey results indicated that several million Americans are regularly affected by alien abductions.
Critics of the survey questioned the validity of the survey questions themselves and pointed out the implausibility that an average of 340 Americans could be abducted daily, given the fact that no physical evidence to date exists for any UFO abduction.
Hopkins, trained as an artist not as a psychotherapist or social worker, described the people who attended these groups as veterans of trauma.
They were, in his view, victims who experienced often intrusive and painful physical examinations by their alien abductors and whose stories were best told through hypnosis.
Many of his attendees contacted Hopkins after reading his books or newspaper advertisements that included his books as reference material, seeing him on television programs such as Will Shriner, Sally Jessy Raphael, the Marsha Warfield Show, Charles Grodin and others.
Some critics interpreted these television appearances as a way for Hopkins and other UFO authors such as Whitley Strieber to recruit possible abductees.
Still other support group members attended the many UFO conferences held within the United States and internationally at which Hopkins was a speaker.
In his opinion, these professionals, notably Robert Naiman, Aphrodite Clamar and Girard Franklin were quite skeptical of the reality of abduction claims, yet all uncovered detailed abduction scenarios from their patients.
According to Hopkins, any feeling of uneasiness about a place, or any sense of lost time (that is often accounted for by daydreaming), could be attributed to alien abduction.
Despite critics' warnings that practices such as the ones in which Hopkins engaged may cause serious psychological damage to the alleged abductees, Hopkins insisted that regressive hypnosis could unlock the experiences of his clients.
By 1995, Hopkins had worked with hundreds of abductees, It was during these hypnosis sessions that Hopkins' belief in UFO abduction deepened.
Psychological research demonstrates that, rather than forget what has happened in a traumatic event, most people find they are unable to stop thinking about it.
What concerns critics is that the details of UFO abduction stories, such as the ones Hopkins describes in his work, usually occur only after consultation with some sort of UFO investigator who already has an inclination to believe in alien abduction scenarios.
In May 1987, psychologist and hypnotist Martin Reiser appeared on ABC's 20/20 with host Lynn Sherr, an episode that also featured Hopkins and alleged UFO abductees, asserting that there are reasonable explanations for UFO sightings.
She cautioned that someone convinced of a false memory, can react emotionally to it and elaborate on the story as if it were real.
I am also willing to believe that Kathie and the others experienced inexplicable time losses and strange dreams that may have not been dreams.
This kind of testimony is disallowed in most courts because hypnosis is not thoroughly understood and has proved unreliable as a source of evidence.
Theoretical psychologist Nicholas Humphrey, who has held teaching positions at both Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and psychiatrist Donald F. Klein, director of research at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and professor of psychiatry at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, are but two of those who have observed my work firsthand.
Physical proof of alien abduction for Hopkins, came in the form of scoop marks, or indentations of the skin, scars or cuts on the mouth, nose, ears or genital, or unexplained bruises that might clear up in a day, and abductee claims of implants interpreted as control or monitoring devices similar to those used by (human) scientists to track and tag animals in the wild.
He also believed the alien spacecraft left marks on the ground where they landed and that the aliens could be photographed.
Critics, including his former wife, Rainey, expressed concern that UFO researcher leaders were not held to scholastic, scientific, or ethical standards.
Still others question whether it would be likely that alien abductors could actually float people through solid walls and, if they could, wonder at how these people could escape detection, particularly in urban settings where there would, potentially, be millions of people around to witness the event.
Hopkins' response to the lack of UFO sightings by bystanders was to suggest that aliens could make themselves and their abductees invisible.
The lack of physical evidence and the inconsistencies and implausibility of the alien abduction stories lead some critics, including Carl Sagan and author Jodi Dean, to question whether these memories are the product of internal, rather than external experiences.
Just one month later, O'Barski, Hopkins' neighbor and a New York City liquor store owner, approached him about seeing a spacecraft that, allegedly, landed in New Jersey's North Hudson Park.
Some say the public's interest in UFOs may have faded after the Cold War had it not been for the media's depiction of and public sympathy for traumatized alien abductee television portrayals in the 1980s and 1990s.
Frank T. Hopkins (August 11, 1865 – November 5, 1951) was an American professional horseman who at one time performed with the Ringling Brothers Circus.
He was supposedly a legendary long-distance rider, who won 400 races, and was recognized by his contemporaries as supporting the preservation of the mustang.
Hopkins said he was born to a Lakota mother and European-American father, that he grew up in both cultures, and that he learned to ride and care for horses at an early age.
He claimed that his father, Charles Hopkins, was a scout for George Armstrong Custer and he was captured by Chief Gall in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but he was released four months later and returned to Fort Laramie, which is where Frank said he was born and raised (his father being with Custer cannot be substantiated).
There is a marriage certificate that Hopkins signed in New York in 1929 where his age was put at 44 which, if true, would place his birth in 1885 (the battle was fought in 1876).
Hopkins claimed to have been a cowboy and professional horseman in the American West, where he gained a reputation for distance riding.
In the 1940s, Hopkins claimed he was honorary chair at a Vermont Races, though the Vermont Historical Society has no knowledge of any races in Vermont.
Hopkins also claimed to have won a Texas-to-Vermont endurance race at age 21, riding an 800-pound buckskin, but there is no evidence in contemporary sources that such a race was ever held.
Joseph Albert Morello (July 17, 1928 – March 12, 2011) was a jazz drummer best known for his work with the Dave Brubeck Quartet.
Three years later, he was a featured soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, playing Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto, and again three years later.
After moving to New York City, Morello worked with numerous notable jazz musicians including Johnny Smith, Tal Farlow, Stan Kenton, Phil Woods, Sal Salvador, Marian McPartland, Jay McShann, Art Pepper, and Howard McGhee.
After a period of playing in McPartland's trio, Morello declined invitations to join both Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey's bands, favoring a temporary two-month tour with the Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1955.
Morello died at his home in Irvington, New Jersey, on March 12, 2011, aged 82, and is interred at Saint Michael Cemetery.
Upon his death, Morello's wife gave Marvin Burock, one of Joe's students who had toured extensively with Morello and who was tasked with transcribing Morello's Modern Drummer articles for ten years, control of Joe Morello's memorabilia and collections.
Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema).
The swelling may distort a person's central vision, because the macula holds tightly packed cones that provide sharp, clear, central vision to enable a person to see detail, form, and color that is directly in the centre of the field of view.
Macular edema sometimes occurs for a few days or weeks after cataract surgery, but most such cases can be successfully treated with NSAID or cortisone eye drops.
Iluvien, a sustained release intravitreal implant developed by Alimera Sciences, has been approved in Austria, Portugal and the U.K. for the treatment of vision impairment associated with chronic diabetic macular edema (DME) considered insufficiently responsive to available therapies.
In 2013 Lucentis by intravitreal injection was approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK for the treatment of macular edema caused by diabetes and/or retinal vein occlusion.
On July 29, 2014, Eylea (aflibercept), an intravitreal injection produced by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., was approved to treat DME in the United States.
In 2005, steroids were investigated for the treatment of macular edema due to retinal blood vessel blockage such as CRVO and BRVO.
A 2014 Cochrane Systematic Review studied the effectiveness of two anti-VEGF treatments, ranibizumab and pegaptanib, on patients suffering from macular edema caused by CRVO.
Another Cochrane Review examined the effectiveness and safety of two intravitreal steroid treatments, triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone, for patients with from CRVO-ME.
The results from one trial showed that patients treated with triamcinolone acetonide were significantly more likely to show improvements in visual acuity than those in the control group, though outcome data was missing for a large proportion of the control group.
The second trial showed that patients treated with dexamethasone implants did not show improvements in visual acuity, compared to patients in the control group.
Evidence also suggests that intravitreal injections and implantation of steroids inside the eye can result in improved visual outcomes for patients with chronic or refractory diabetic macular edema.
Lomonosov (; before 1948: Oranienbaum, ) is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, west of Saint Petersburg proper.
Population: Lomonosov is the site of the 18th-century royal Oranienbaum park and palace complex, notable as being the only palace in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg that was not captured by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Oranienbaum was granted town status in 1710, and was initially applied to the Oranienbaum palace complex, built between 1710 and 1725 opposite Kronstadt, in the neighbourhood of the royal residence Peterhof Palace, by the architects Giovanni Mario Fontana and Gottfried Johann Schadel, and was intended for Alexander Menshikov, a close associate of Peter the Great.
This foothold had a major importance in the launching of the Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive in early 1944, which finally ended the siege (see Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive).
In 1948, the town was renamed to its current name Lomonosov, in honor of the scientist, poet and glassblower Mikhail Lomonosov.
Rashied Ali, born Robert Patterson (July 1, 1933 – August 12, 2009) was an American free jazz and avant-garde drummer best known for playing with John Coltrane in the last years of Coltrane's life.
He also briefly formed a non-jazz group called Purple Trap with Japanese experimental guitarist Keiji Haino and jazz-fusion bassist Bill Laswell.
In the 1980s, he was member of Phalanx, a group with guitarist James Blood Ulmer, tenor saxophonist George Adams, and bassist Sirone.
Though known for his work in jazz, Ali contributed to other experimental art forms, including multi-media performances with the Gift of Eagle Orchestra and Cosmic Legends, performances such as Devachan and the Monads, Dwarf of Oblivion, which took place at the Kitchen Center for Performance Art, and a tribute to John Cage in Central Park.
Other artists of the orchestra and Cosmic Legends have included Hayes Greenfield (sax), Perry Robinson (clarinet), Wayne Lopes (guitar), Dave Douglas (trumpet), Gloria Tropp (vocals), director/pianist Sylvie Degiez along with poets and actors Ira Cohen, Taylor Mead, and Judith Malina.
Ali and Grimes also played five duo concerts together between 2007 and 2009 and a sixth concert in June 2007 with pianist Marilyn Crispell.
Bernard Joseph Baron (born June 26, 1955 in Richmond, Virginia) is an American avant-garde jazz drummer who plays frequently with Bill Frisell and John Zorn.
He moved to Los Angeles in the early 1970s and embarked on a professional career, playing with Carmen McRae and Al Jarreau.
In 1982 he moved to New York City and joined guitarist Bill Frisell, with whom he would play often throughout his career.
Starting in the late 1980s, he became a bigger part of the avant-garde jazz scene when he played regularly at the Knitting Factory, recorded with singer Laurie Anderson, and began a long association with John Zorn.
Port Hedland has a natural deep anchorage harbour which, as well as being the main fuel and container receival point for the region, was seen as perfect for shipment of the iron ore being mined in the ranges located inland from the town.
The ore is moved by railway from four major iron ore deposits to the east and south of the Port Hedland area.
His own group, AlasNoAxis, includes Hilmar Jensson on electric guitar, Chris Speed on tenor saxophone and clarinet, and Skúli Sverrisson on electric bass.
The music is in some ways closer to post-rock than jazz, concentrating on rhythmic shifts and ensemble texture rather than featured solos.
The group Pachora, also including Black, Speed, and Sverrisson, and with Brad Shepik on tambura and electric saz, plays music that is similarly rhythmically diverse, but inspired by Balkan rhythms.
Jim participated as drummer 12 in the Boredoms 77 Boadrum performance which occurred on July 7, 2007, at the Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park in Brooklyn, New York.
Hardt and Negri suggest that several forces which they see as dominating contemporary life, such as class oppression, globalization and the commodification of services (or production of affects), have the potential to spark social change of unprecedented dimensions.
Hardt also participated, after college, in the Sanctuary Movement and later helped establish a project to bring donated computers from the United States and put them together for the University of El Salvador.
After briefly teaching at the University of Southern California, Hardt began teaching in the Literature Program at Duke University in 1994.
The first music he experienced was gospel and songs of praise at the Zion Baptist Church where his father, Brady L. Blade, Sr., has been the pastor for fifty-two years.
In elementary school, music appreciation classes were an important part of his development and at age nine, he began playing the violin.
Inspired by his older brother, Brady Blade, Jr., who had been the drummer at Zion Baptist Church, Brian shifted his focus to the drums throughout middle and high school.
During high school, while studying with Dorsey Summerfield, Jr., Blade began listening to the music of John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Art Blakey, Thelonious Monk, Elvin Jones, and Joni Mitchell.
From 1988 through 1993, he studied and played with most of the master musicians living in New Orleans, including John Vidacovich, Ellis Marsalis, Steve Masakowski, Bill Huntington, Mike Pellera, John Mahoney, George French, Germaine Bazzle, David Lee, Jr., Alvin Red Tyler, Tony Dagradi and Harold Battiste.
In 1997, Blade formed The Fellowship Band with pianist Jon Cowherd, bassist Chris Thomas, saxophonists Myron Walden and Melvin Butler, guitarist Jeff Parker, and pedal steel guitarist Dave Easley.
Instead, as it explores milestones both inner and outer, Landmarks further speaks with the singular voice that the Fellowship Band has built upon since inception.
Blending folkloric references, hints of church and spiritual concerns, jazz modality and countrified touchstones, Landmarks is the perfect name for Brian Blade & The Fellowship Band's fourth album; beyond its meaning to the group, it truly is yet another landmark recording in the core quintet's evolutionary travels.
It may have come after a long gap in time, but that only makes it a wait all the more worthwhile.
He has also recorded with Daniel Lanois, Joni Mitchell, Ellis Marsalis, Marianne Faithfull, Emmylou Harris, Billy Childs, Herbie Hancock, and Bob Dylan.
The album featured Daniel Lanois, vocalists Kelly Jones and Daryl Johnson, bassist Chris Thomas, guitarists Kurt Rosenwinkel and Geoffrey Moore, pedal steel guitarists Greg Leisz and Patrick Smith, and pianists Aaron Embry and Jon Cowherd.
On April 30, 2016, Blade played at the White House in Washington, D.C., as part of The International Jazz Day Global Concert.
), Brown was Adjunct Professor at New York University's Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music and Gallatin School from 2006 to 2008 and Artist-in-Residence at Pacific Northwest College of Art in 2010.
Oliver was involved in local politics when he won a seat in the provincial legislature in the 1900 election, and became leader of the opposition.
He returned to the legislature in the 1916 election as a Liberal member, and became Minister of Agriculture and Railways in the cabinet of Harlan Carey Brewster.
Oliver's government developed the produce industry in the Okanagan Valley, and tried to persuade the federal government to lower the freight rate for rail transport.
Oliver also in 1923 hosted the visit of Warren Harding to Vancouver, the first ever visit of a sitting United States President to Canada.
John Oliver Secondary School in Vancouver, British Columbia, John Oliver Park in Delta, BC, Mount John Oliver in the Premier Range of the Cariboo Mountains, the town of Oliver, British Columbia, and Oliver Street in Williams Lake, British Columbia, are all named after him.
Previously, he was best known for his solid work with Matthew Shipp and David S. Ware, with whom Dickey split in 1996.
In 2001, Dickey recorded half a dozen of his compositions with Mat Maneri, Shipp, and Brown under the name Nommonsemble, and put out Life Cycle through Aum Fidelity.
Dickey is a composer as well as a drummer and his music has reached new heights in his recent small group work, with a coterie of great musicians including alto saxophonist Rob Brown.
He has been performing with Matthew Shipp since 1991 and continues to play and record with Roy Campbell Jr., Mat Maneri, Chris Lightcap and many others.
Dickey has started a cooperative unit with Sabir Mateen & Michael Bisio, which is another example of post- Coltrane integral unity, and is call Blood Trio.
A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.
Electric railways use either electric locomotives (hauling passengers or freight in separate cars) or electric multiple units (passenger cars with their own motors).
Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains.
Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the running rails as the return conductor, but some systems use a separate fourth rail for this purpose.
In comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions, and lower operating costs.
Some electric traction systems provide regenerative braking that turns the train's kinetic energy back into electricity and returns it to the supply system to be used by other trains or the general utility grid.
Disadvantages of electric traction include: high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes, a relative lack of flexibility (since electric trains need third rails or overhead wires), and a vulnerability to power interruptions.
Electro-diesel locomotives and Electro-diesel multiple units mitigate these problems somewhat as they are capable of running on diesel power during an outage or on non-electrified routes.
Railway electrification has constantly increased in the past decades, and as of 2012, electrified tracks account for nearly one third of total tracks globally.
Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic.
Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation.
Some of these are independent of the contact system used, so that, for example, 750 V DC may be used with either third rail or overhead lines.
There are many other voltage systems used for railway electrification systems around the world, and the list of railway electrification systems covers both standard voltage and non-standard voltage systems.
The permissible range of voltages allowed for the standardised voltages is as stated in standards BS EN 50163 and IEC 60850.
Increasing availability of high-voltage semiconductors may allow the use of higher and more efficient DC voltages that heretofore have only been practical with AC.
1,500 V DC is used in Japan, Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), France (also using ), New Zealand (Wellington), Singapore (on the North East MRT Line), the United States (Chicago area on the Metra Electric district and the South Shore Line interurban line and Link light rail in Seattle, Washington).
In the Netherlands it is used on the main system, alongside 25 kV on the HSL-Zuid and Betuwelijn, and 3000 V south of Maastricht.
In the United Kingdom, 1,500 V DC was used in 1954 for the Woodhead trans-Pennine route (now closed); the system used regenerative braking, allowing for transfer of energy between climbing and descending trains on the steep approaches to the tunnel.
3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, the northern portion of the Czech Republic, the former republics of the Soviet Union, and the Netherlands.
It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana, to Seattle, across the Continental Divide and including extensive branch and loop lines in Montana, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (now New Jersey Transit, converted to 25 kV AC) in the United States, and the Kolkata suburban railway (Bardhaman Main Line) in India, before it was converted to .
Most electrification systems use overhead wires, but third rail is an option up to 1,500 V, as is the case with Shenzhen Metro Line 3.
The use of AC is not feasible because the dimensions of a third rail are physically very large compared with the skin depth that the alternating current penetrates to in a steel rail.
Third rail is more compact than overhead wires and can be used in smaller-diameter tunnels, an important factor for subway systems.
On the London Underground, a top-contact third rail is beside the track, energized at DC, and a top-contact fourth rail is located centrally between the running rails at DC, which combine to provide a traction voltage of DC.
The same system was used for Milan's earliest underground line, Milan Metro's line 1, whose more recent lines use an overhead catenary or a third rail.
This scheme was introduced because of the problems of return currents, intended to be carried by the earthed (grounded) running rail, flowing through the iron tunnel linings instead.
The problem was exacerbated because the return current also had a tendency to flow through nearby iron pipes forming the water and gas mains.
Some of these, particularly Victorian mains that predated London's underground railways, were not constructed to carry currents and had no adequate electrical bonding between pipe segments.
Although the supply has an artificially created earth point, this connection is derived by using resistors which ensures that stray earth currents are kept to manageable levels.
Power-only rails can be mounted on strongly insulating ceramic chairs to minimise current leak, but this is not possible for running rails which have to be seated on stronger metal chairs to carry the weight of trains.
However, elastomeric rubber pads placed between the rails and chairs can now solve part of the problem by insulating the running rails from the current return should there be a leakage through the running rails.
The Vancouver SkyTrain is the largest such system in operation with just under 50 km (30 mi) of track along the Expo and Millennium lines.
In the case of Scarborough Line 3, the third and fourth rails are outside the track and the fifth rail is an aluminum slab between the running rails.
The trains move on rubber tyres which roll on a pair of narrow roll ways made of steel and, in some places, of concrete.
Since the tyres do not conduct the return current, the two guide bars provided outside the running 'roll ways' become, in a sense, a third and fourth rail which each provide 750 V DC, so at least electrically it is a four-rail system.
The return of each traction motor, as well as each wagon, is effected by one contact shoe each that slide on top of each one of the running rails.
The higher the voltage, the lower the current for the same power, which reduces line loss, thus allowing higher power to be delivered.
Because alternating current is used with high voltages, this method of electrification is only used on overhead lines, never on third rails.
An early advantage of AC is that the power-wasting resistors used in DC locomotives for speed control were not needed in an AC locomotive: multiple taps on the transformer can supply a range of voltages.
More recently, the development of very high power semiconductors has caused the classic DC motor to be largely replaced with the three-phase induction motor fed by a variable frequency drive, a special inverter that varies both frequency and voltage to control motor speed.
These drives can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency, and many modern electric locomotives are designed to handle different supply voltages and frequencies to simplify cross-border operation.
Five European countries, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Norway and Sweden, have standardized on 15 kV  Hz (the 50 Hz mains frequency divided by three) single-phase AC.
On 16 October 1995, Germany, Austria and Switzerland changed from  Hz to 16.7 Hz which is no longer exactly one-third of the grid frequency.
In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909.
It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929.
Inductive coupling is widely used in low-power applications, such as re-chargeable electric toothbrushes and more recently, mobile telephones and wearable computing devices (inductive charging).
Regenerative braking returns power to the electrification system so that it may be used elsewhere, by other trains on the same system or returned to the general power grid.
While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an electric power plant needs to generate less power it will shut down its least efficient generators, thereby increasing efficiency.
The electric train can save energy (as compared to diesel) by regenerative braking and by not needing to consume energy by idling as diesel locomotives do when stopped or coasting.
Large fossil fuel power stations operate at high efficiency, and can be used for district heating or to produce district cooling, leading to a higher total efficiency.
The majority of modern electrification systems take AC energy from a power grid that is delivered to a locomotive, and within the locomotive, transformed and rectified to a lower DC voltage in preparation for use by traction motors.
These motors may either be DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors which require further conversion of the DC to 3-phase AC (using power electronics).
Thus both systems are faced with the same task: converting and transporting high-voltage AC from the power grid to low-voltage DC in the locomotive.
The difference between AC and DC electrification systems lies in where the AC is converted to DC: at the substation or on the train.
Energy efficiency and infrastructure costs determine which of these is used on a network, although this is often fixed due to pre-existing electrification systems.
Both the transmission and conversion of electric energy involve losses: ohmic losses in wires and power electronics, magnetic field losses in transformers and smoothing reactors (inductors).
Power conversion for a DC system takes place mainly in a railway substation where large, heavy, and more efficient hardware can be used as compared to an AC system where conversion takes place aboard the locomotive where space is limited and losses are significantly higher.
However, the higher voltages used in many AC electrification systems reduces transmission losses over longer distances, allowing for fewer substations or more powerful locomotives to be used.
Also, the energy used to blow air to cool transformers, power electronics (including rectifiers), and other conversion hardware must be accounted for.
The high power of electric locomotives also gives them the ability to pull freight at higher speed over gradients; in mixed traffic conditions this increases capacity when the time between trains can be decreased.
The higher power of electric locomotives and an electrification can also be a cheaper alternative to a new and less steep railway if trains weights are to be increased on a system.
On the other hand, electrification may not be suitable for lines with low frequency of traffic, because lower running cost of trains may be outweighed by the high cost of the electrification infrastructure.
Maintenance costs of the lines may be increased by electrification, but many systems claim lower costs due to reduced wear-and-tear from lighter rolling stock.
There are some additional maintenance costs associated with the electrical equipment around the track, such as power sub-stations and the catenary wire itself, but, if there is sufficient traffic, the reduced track and especially the lower engine maintenance and running costs exceed the costs of this maintenance significantly.
If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine switches must occur to make such connections or expensive dual mode engines must be used.
This is mostly an issue for long distance trips, but many lines come to be dominated by through traffic from long-haul freight trains (usually running coal, ore, or containers to or from ports).
In theory, these trains could enjoy dramatic savings through electrification, but it can be too costly to extend electrification to isolated areas, and unless an entire network is electrified, companies often find that they need to continue use of diesel trains even if sections are electrified.
The increasing demand for container traffic which is more efficient when utilizing the double-stack car also has network effect issues with existing electrifications due to insufficient clearance of overhead electrical lines for these trains, but electrification can be built or modified to have sufficient clearance, at additional cost.
Electric vehicles, especially locomotives, lose power when traversing gaps in the supply, such as phase change gaps in overhead systems, and gaps over points in third rail systems.
These become a nuisance, if the locomotive stops with its collector on a dead gap, in which case there is no power to restart.
In 2014, progress is being made in the use of large capacitors to power electric vehicles between stations, and so avoid the need for overhead wires between those stations.
In 2006, (25% by length) of the world rail network was electrified and 50% of all rail transport was carried by electric traction.
The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification).
The Human Factor: Revolutionizing the Way People Live with Technology () is a book by Kim Vicente that Routledge published in 2004.
In this section Vicente gives examples of technology in modern life where Human-tech design could have helped increase effectiveness or even prevent disasters such as the Chernobyl Disaster.
Each section of the second part of The Human Factor focuses on one of these design principles, explaining fully how they relate to design and giving examples that exemplify them.
He played with blues musicians such as Little Milton and Albert King, and rhythm and blues stars such as Solomon Burke, Joe Tex, and Rufus Thomas.
In 1966, he moved to Chicago, where he worked as a studio musician, and met Muhal Richard Abrams and Roscoe Mitchell and became a member of the AACM.
He remained a member of this group for the rest of his life, and was also a member of Jack DeJohnette's New Directions quartet.
Bowie's onstage appearance, in a white lab coat, with his goatee waxed into two points, was an important part of the Art Ensemble's stage show.
In 1984, he formed Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy, a brass nonet in which Bowie demonstrated jazz's links to other forms of popular music, a decidedly more populist approach than that of the Art Ensemble.
Although seen as part of the avant-garde, Bowie embraced techniques from the whole history of jazz trumpet, filling his music with humorous smears, blats, growls, half-valve effects, and so on.
Lester Bowie died of liver cancer in 1999 at his Fort Greene, Brooklyn, New York house he shared with second wife Deborah for 20 years.
The Secret of NIMH is a 1982 American animated dark fantasy adventure film directed by Don Bluth in his directorial debut.
The film was produced by Aurora Productions and released by MGM/UA Entertainment Company for United Artists and features the voices of Elizabeth Hartman, Dom DeLuise, Arthur Malet, Derek Jacobi, Hermione Baddeley, John Carradine, Peter Strauss, and Paul Shenar.
Mrs. Brisby, a timid widowed field mouse, lives in a cinder block with her children in a field on the Fitzgibbons' farm.
She prepares to move her family out of the field as plowing time approaches, but her son Timothy has fallen ill. She visits Mr. Ages, another mouse and friend of her late husband, Jonathan, who diagnoses Timothy with pneumonia and provides her with medicine.
Jeremy takes her to meet the Great Owl, who tells her to visit a group of rats that live beneath a rose bush on the farm and ask for Nicodemus, their wise and mystical leader.
She is led back in by Mr. Ages, and is amazed to see the rats' use of electricity and other technology.
She meets Justin, the friendly Captain of the Guard, and Jenner, a ruthless, power-hungry rat opposed to Nicodemus, and finally Nicodemus himself.
From Nicodemus, she learns that many years ago her husband, along with the rats and Mr. Ages, were part of a series of experiments at a place known as NIMH, the National Institute of Mental Health.
However, they are unable to live only as rats, needing human technology to survive, which they have only accomplished by stealing.
Only Mrs. Brisby can do this, as only mice are small enough to fit through the hole leading into the house; Jonathan was killed by Dragon in a previous attempt, while Mr. Ages broke his leg in another.
While trapped in a birdcage, she overhears a telephone conversation between Farmer Fitzgibbon and NIMH and learns that the Institute intends to exterminate the rats the next day.
Jenner, who wishes for the rats to remain in the rose bush, sabotages the ropes with his reluctant accomplice Sullivan, causing the assembly to fly apart and kill Nicodemus.
Mrs. Brisby arrives and tries to convince the rats that NIMH is coming and they must leave, but Jenner attacks her and attempts to steal the amulet.
Mrs. Brisby's will to save her children gives power to the amulet, which she uses to lift the house and move it to safety.
The next morning, the rats have departed for Thorn Valley with Justin as their new leader, and Timothy begins to recover.
In September 1979 he, fellow animators Gary Goldman and John Pomeroy and eight other animation staff left the animation department at Walt Disney Productions to set up their own independent studio, Don Bluth Productions.
The studio worked, at first, out of Bluth's house and garage, but moved to a two-story, facility in Studio City, California, several months later.
However, Bluth also presented the novel to the other staff that would work for Don Bluth Productions later on and they all loved it.
At Bluth, Goldman and Pomeroy's request, Aurora Productions acquired the film rights and offered Don Bluth Productions a budget of US$5.7 million and 30 months to complete the film, tighter in both budget and schedule than most Disney animated features at the time.
He stated that focusing on the characteristics of each character, the voices and acting abilities were crucial, saying that using voices that added to a movie's texture was part of the team's philosophy in the development of a film.
Bluth believed older techniques were being abandoned in favor of lower production costs and the only way that animation could survive was to continue traditional production methods.
To achieve the film's detailed full animation while keeping to the tight budget, the studio strove to keep any waste of time and resources to a minimum.
The crew often worked long hours with no immediate financial reward (though they were offered a cut of the film's profits, a practice common for producers, directors and stars of live action films, but never before offered to artists on an animated feature); producer Gary Goldman recalled working 110-hour weeks during the final six months of production.
Around 100 in-house staff worked on the film, with the labor-intensive cel painting farmed out to 45 people working from home.
The producers, Bluth, Goldman and Pomeroy and the executive producers at Aurora mortgaged their homes collectively for $700,000 to complete the film, with the understanding that their investment would be the first to be repaid.
One of the earliest drafts of the film was written by Steven Barnes, who received a creative consultant credit in the final product and was closer to the original novel.
The story would have focused more on the rats and their time at NIMH as it did in the book, which was reduced to a short flashback in later revisions to bring Mrs. Brisby and her plight into the forefront.
A revised synopsis dated July 2, 1980 by an unattributed author would take the movie closer to its completed form, which ended with the mysterious disappearance of the rats, leading the characters and audience to wonder if they ever really existed, or were just an elaborate illusion.
Bluth himself would later make several changes to the story, most notably with the addition of mystical elements not present in the original novel.
This was most apparent in the magic amulet given to Mrs. Brisby, which was meant to be a visual representation of her character's internal power; something harder to show on film.
Unlike the original work, Justin does not rescue Mrs. Brisby from the cage at the Fitzgibbons' house and she now helps her children without the rats' assistance by using the amulet; once again giving focus to her personal story.
It was Goldsmith's first composition for an animated feature, which he admitted was such a departure from his normal work that in the end he approached the project like a live action score, employing the same kind of extended themes and structural development.
My dupe [copy of the film] was in black and white, and they'd bring their color copy over so I could see it.
The album was released on July 2, 1982, on vinyl and re-released on March 3, 1995, on CD with a rearranged track listing.
On September 6, 1990, the film was re-released on both VHS and LaserDisc in a new advertising campaign with lower retail prices.
This was followed by another VHS release under the MGM/UA Family Entertainment label in 1994, along with a Philips CD-i video disc version that same year, which was available exclusively through Warner Home Video worldwide.
The film was released on DVD for the first time on November 17, 1998, which was reprinted numerous times in the ensuing years, both as a stand-alone release or bundled with other animated movies from MGM or 20th Century Fox.
Improvements in the transfer over the 1998 DVD include color correction and dirt and dust removal and included special features such as audio commentary from both individuals and an interview featurette.
The film's distributor, MGM/UA Entertainment Company, barely did any promotion for the film, leading Aurora to finance the advertising campaign themselves.
The financiers had expected the film to open in wide release in 1,000 venues, but MGM opted for a limited opening weekend in 100 theaters, with its widest release in only 700.
Set several years after the events of the first film, the plot focuses on Mrs. Brisby's son Timothy as he struggles to live up to his father's prestigious reputation.
The publication focuses on fashion, style, and culture for men, though articles on food, movies, fitness, sex, music, travel, sports, technology, and books are also featured.
Initially it had a very limited print run and was aimed solely at industry insiders to enable them to give advice to their customers.
The Parents Television Council was the first to react to the photo spread when it was leaked prior to GQ's planned publishing date.
The photoshoot was published as planned and Dianna Agron went on to state that the photos that were taken did not represent who she is and that she was sorry if anyone was offended by them.
The article reported Anderson's investigation of the 1999 Russian apartment bombings, and included interviews with Mikhail Trepashkin who investigated the bombings while he was a colonel in Russia's Federal Security Service.
The story, including Trepashkin's own findings, contradicted the Russian Government's official explanation of the bombings and criticized Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia.
Within 24 hours of the magazine's publication in the U.S., bloggers published the original English text and a translation into Russian on the Web.
The magazine reported an average worldwide paid circulation of 934,000 in the first half of 2019, down 1.1% from 944,549 in 2016 and 2.6% from 958,926 in 2015.
Tien becomes Goku's rival for a period and is notable for being the first person in the series to fly using and to use the technique.
They praised his quest for redemption in the Piccolo arc and his fights have been celebrated as dramatic, intense, and entertaining.
Tien is loosely based on Erlang Shen from Journey to the West, a three-eyed taoist deity who first appears as an adversary of Sun Wukong, later becoming his ally and rival.
Tien is introduced as the star pupil of Kame-Sen'nin's rival, , who has him and Chaozu enter the Tenka'ichi Budōkai to prove his students' superiority.
Upon learning that Goku killed Taopaipai, the brother of Tsuru-Sen'nin and a mentor of Tien's, he decides to kill Goku in revenge.
In the final fight, he battles Goku and brutally beats him down early in the fight, before Goku uses his full power, making the fight more even.
Chaozu interferes with the fight by using his psychic powers to paralyze Goku without Tien's knowledge or consent, but once Tien realizes that Chaozu is cheating, he defies his master and refuses to kill Goku.
Tien wins the Tournament after destroying the stage with the powerful but potentially life-threatening Kikōhō, and after abandons Tsuru-Sen'nin with Chaozu.
Launch falls in love with him and asks him to live at Kame House with her and Roshi, but Tien refuses, saying that he doesn't want to live with the rival of his former master.
After the death of Krillin at the hands of Piccolo Daimao, Tien and Chaozu offer to help Kame-Sen'nin in the search for the Dragon Balls.
But when Chaozu and Kame-Sen'nin are both killed and Piccolo wishes for his youth, he learns the suicidal Mafuba technique in order to seal away Piccolo Daimao.
After Piccolo chooses to attack West City, Tien intercepts him despite knowing that he can't be revived by the Dragon Balls, but must defeat Piccolo's strongest son Drum first, having to be rescued by Goku.
In the final battle against Piccolo Daimao, Tien uses the last of his energy to save Goku from Piccolo's strongest attack, but is then taken hostage by Piccolo as he cripples Goku.
After Goku kills Piccolo, he is taken by Yajirobe to be healed at Karin tower, while Tien reunites with Bulma, Yamcha, and Lunch, the latter of which nurses him back to health.
Tien participates in the next Tenka'ichi Budōkai, where he fights the previously assumed dead Taopaipai, who had been saved by cybernetics and wants revenge on both Tien, for turning his back on him and his brother, and Goku.
Tien easily outmatches Taopaipai, but doesn't want to humiliate his former master and tries to drag him out of the ring peacefully.
Taopaipai catches Tien by surprise and gives him a scar across his chest, which he retains for the rest of the series, before Tien defeats him with a single punch.
Tien then fights Goku again in the semi-finals, is defeated, and later protects their allies from being caught up in Piccolo Jr.'s attacks during the final fight.
Tien manages to defeat a Saibaman, but when Chaozu sacrifices his life in a failed attempt to kill Nappa, he knowingly uses the last of his power attempting to kill Nappa, but fails.
He is revived by the Dragon Balls and prepares to fight against the returning Freeza, before Trunks appears and beats them to it.
After Androids 17 and 18 are released, he tries to fight them with Vegeta, Piccolo, and Trunks, but they're all defeated.
He saves Android 18 and Android 16 from being absorbed by Cell and gives them time to escape by continuously attacking Cell (who had just easily defeated Piccolo and Android 16), expending all his energy and having to be rescued by Goku.
After the events of the last two films, Goku learns that Tien and Chaozu have formed a martial arts dojo, deciding to recruit both Tien and Master Roshi for the Tournament of Power team for Universe 7.
Tien initially turns down Goku's request and works with Goku, Chaozu, and Master Roshi to reverse the brainwashing of his students by Yurin, a woman that Tien used to be classmates with during his time at Crane School who had sworn revenge on him after he left and declined fighting her.
After Yurin brainwashes Master Roshi, the latter defeats Tien, who agrees to join the Tournament of Power as he believes the ten million Zeni promised by Goku will help repair the village.
Tien agrees to participate in a fight against Gohan and Piccolo with Goku, calling off the match after Piccolo destroys the mountain fighting stage.
Tien is part of the group that adheres to Gohan's plan of remaining together and later fights Universe 2's Harmira, using his multi-form technique to give himself time against Harmira.
Three of Tien's four clones are defeated by Harmira, who shoots the ground from underneath Tien to knock him off stage and is grabbed by Tien's three other clones, eliminating them both from the tournament.
The two are subsequently challenged by Goten and Trunks, who fuse into Gotenks, and Goku and Vegeta, defeating both pairs to assert themselves as the best tag team.
After Krillin explains the situation, Tien states his intent to fight alongside them against the clones and agrees to Chaozu's help on the condition that he does not leave his side.
Suzuoki said that despite joining the cast while the show had already been in production for a while, it was easy for him to relax and find his place.
Tien's voice actor for the original broadcast, Hirotaka Suzuoki, said despite the character not being an ordinary human, the character's interactions with Chaozu showed his humanity.
Theron Martin of Anime News Network stated that it was 'fun' seeing the groundwork for Tien being laid and reflecting on how he later changed.
Smith said that Tien's fight against Piccolo Daimao's minions was entertaining, but the conclusion of his fight against Goku was random.
Tadoussac was first visited by Europeans in 1535 and was established in 1599 when the first trading post in Canada was formed there, in addition to a permanent settlement being placed in the same area that the Grand Hotel is located today.
Tadoussac was founded in 1599 by François Gravé Du Pont, a merchant, and Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit, a captain of the French Royal Navy, when they acquired a fur trade monopoly from King Henry IV.
Gravé and Chauvin built the settlement on the shore at the mouth of the Saguenay River, at its confluence with the St. Lawrence, to profit from its location.
In 1615, the Mission of L'Exaltation-de-la-Sainte-Croix-de-Tadoussac, named in memory of a cross planted by Jean de Quen, was founded by the Récollet Order.
Historians believe the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, who inhabited the St. Lawrence valley upriver to the west, were defeated and pushed out by the Mohawk before the early 17th century.
By the late 17th and early 18th century, Tadoussac was the centre of fur trade between the French and First Nations peoples.
A Victorian hotel called the Hotel Tadoussac was built in 1864; it was expanded around 1900 and demolished in 1942, and replaced by a newer Hotel Tadoussac.
The modern village of Tadoussac lies close to the site of the original settlement at the mouth of the Saguenay River.
It is known as a tourist destination because of the rugged beauty of the Saguenay fjord and its facilities for whale watching.
The entire area is either rural or still in a wilderness state, with several federal and provincial natural parks and preserves protecting natural resources.
The cold, fresh water from the Saguenay and the warmer, salty water of the St. Lawrence, meet to create a rich marine environment.
93) by Dmitri Shostakovich was premiered by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky on 17 December 1953, following the death of Joseph Stalin in March of that year.
It is not clear when it was written: according to the composer's letters composition was between July and October 1953, but Tatiana Nikolayeva stated that it was completed in 1951.
The symphony is scored for two flutes and piccolo (second flute doubling second piccolo), three oboes (third doubling cor anglais), three clarinets (third doubling E-flat clarinet), three bassoons (third doubling contrabassoon), four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, snare drum, triangle, cymbals, tambourine, tam-tam, xylophone, and strings.
In content and structure, the 10th Symphony is an example of Shostakovich’s synthesis of allusions to the symphonic tradition on the one hand, and encoded references to his own particular time and place on the other.
This motif, called out twelve times on the horn, represents Elmira Nazirova, a student of the composer with whom he fell in love.
There is also more than a passing resemblance of this motif to the slow fanfare theme in the finale of Sibelius's Fifth Symphony; similar instrumentation (horns, woodwinds) is used for the Elmira motif here as in the Sibelius work.
In the fourth and final movement, a naively happy tune at a slow andante pace (again heavily influenced by Mahler) that suddenly changes into a fast finale that has the pace of a doom-laden Gopak, which recalls the second movement theme.
The fast theme is in turn defeated by the triumphant DSCH theme, which is repeated with increasing agitation through the frantic conclusion.
The coda effects a transition to E Major, and at the very end, several instruments have a glissando from an E to the next E.
The DSCH-motif is anticipated throughout the first movement of the 10th Symphony: In the 7th bar of the start of the symphony the violins doubled by the violas play a D for 5 bars which is then directly followed by an E; 9 bars before rehearsal mark 29 the violins play the motif in an inverted order D-C-H-S (or D-C-B-E).
The first time the motif is heard in its correct order in the whole symphony is in the 3rd movement, right after a short canon on the beginning melody starting from the 3rd beat of the 5th bar after rehearsal mark 104 (Fig.
11) where it is played in unison by the piccolo, the 1st flute and the 1st oboe (compassing a range of three octaves).
Wick () is a small village and community in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales, situated approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the coast.
Walks from Wick include those to the local beaches, Traeth Bach and Traeth Mawr, via the Cwm Nash footpath at Monknash or from Dunraven Bay at Southerndown.
Archaeological evidence (such as the earthworks associated with burial mounds, settlements and enclosures) suggests that there was settlement in Wick from around 1600BC when a small proto-Celtic community may have developed, probably farming the surrounding land on a subsistence basis.
The site of an ancient beacon tower lies just north-west of the village and to the south-west, on the cliff edge at Whitmore Stairs, is the earthworks of an Iron Age univallate hillfort, part of an ancient monument known as the Cwm Bach Camps.
It is thought probable that the larger of the forts that make up this monument, situated approximately away on the Trwyn y Witch (Witches Point) headland, was at one time occupied by Caratacus (who led the Silures in resistance to the Roman occupation).
Given its proximity to Tusker Rock, a small island named after Tuska (a Danish Viking), it is likely that Wick was a focus for Viking attacks on the south Wales coast.
Local folklore suggests that beacons were lit on high ground around the village to warn of such raids and that attacks were fiercely resisted.
Various archaeological finds have been made in Wick, including the discovery of a hoard of five Late Bronze Age socketed axes by Mr. Adrian Jones in 2005.
In later times it is likely that Wick formed part of a medieval drovers route, by-passing the toll road through nearby Cowbridge.
From 1822 parts of the village and areas of the surrounding land became part of the Dunraven Estate under the 1st Earl of Dunraven.
This then decreased to 384 by 1871 (according to the same source) and decreased further to 327 by the time of the 1891 census (the current population is 694 according to the 2001 census).
There are some interesting historical features in the village, the most obvious being the windmill tower, 'Melin Du', built in 1825, and the single storey remnants of a much earlier stone windmill, 'Wick Old Windmill', near to the school.
At nearby Broughton there are former brewery malthouses, used from the 1930s to the 1960s by the Quakers as holiday accommodation for children and the elderly, now converted into private flats.
Some of the buildings in the village are known to be several hundred years old and 34 are now listed as 'County Treasures'.
The coastline to the south and west of Wick is formed of rocks of the Lower Lias series that display horizontal stratification and are fossil bearing.
It is from the top of these cliffs that, according to local folklore, the 'Wreckers of Wick' would, in the times before modern navigation, lure ships onto the rocks by showing false lights and then plunder the cargo.
It is recorded that the bodies of drowned sailors were recovered from the beaches by Monks from the monastic grange at nearby Monknash and taken to what is now the Plough & Harrow Inn where they were prepared for burial.
Historically this stretch of coastline has one of the highest instances of shipwrecks in Wales, its exposure to the Atlantic swell, south-westerly winds, shallow reefs and the Nash sands bar making it treacherous to shipping.
The parish church of Wick is dedicated to Saint James the Great, and like many of the other churches in the parish dates from the twelfth century.
The church is built in the Early English Period style, although the oldest parts of the structure such as the chancel arch, the south door and a small window in the chancel, all date from the 12th century.
The church has a medieval stone mensa (rectangular) altar, views of which are provided through the 'squints' (hagioscopes) from the nave.
The altar has unusual niches on either side, which probably contained statues of St James and the Blessed Virgin in centuries past.
St James' was the subject of a major Victorian restoration 125 years ago and further additions have been made since then.
Approximately to the west of the village is Monks Wood, a plantation of mixed native woodland species managed by the Woodland Trust and the Monks Wood Committee.
Another area of ecological importance is Clemenstone Meadows, directly to the north of the village, comprising 2 traditionally managed meadows on either side of a brook that support a number of rare plant species.
The village was the birthplace of Sir Keith Thomas in 1933 and is currently home to the family of the Olympic gold medallist and World Champion cyclist Nicole Cooke.
Laura Wess, 11, made the first call using the system from Wick and Marcross Primary School to the Right Reverend John Stewart Davies, bishop of St Asaph, in North Wales.
She won the bronze medal in the 400 metres at the 2000 Sydney Olympics and was the fastest woman in the world over 400 m in 2001, with her career best of 49.59 secs.
She also represented Great Britain at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and won the 200 metres at the 1993 European Junior Championships.
A member of the Birchfield Harriers athletics club, at the age of 12 she topped the UK Under 13 rankings in 7 different events.
She was the fastest girl in the world aged 14 years old, and started her international GB career aged just 13, and stayed on the junior team for a record 6 years, which included 5 Junior Championships, winning a total of 6 medals.
She transferred into a successful senior athlete with her Olympic medal in Sydney, in the 'Race of the Games' winning bronze behind Australian favourite Cathy Freeman in Stadium Australia in front of 112,000 people.
She was coached by fellow Olympic medallist Linford Christie in his Cardiff based training squad, which included fellow Olympic medallist Darren Campbell.
Merry still holds various UK age record bests, including U/13 high jump and several sprints, as well as the Senior UK Indoor 200 m record of 22.83 secs.
After suffering from a bone spur growth on her right heel bone, and after 2 operations, in July 2005 Merry announced her official retirement from athletics.
It had prevented her from getting back into proper training, meaning she could not get back to her year 2000 form.
This has included working in Beijing and London at the Olympics for the BBC, and was the sole field event commentator for the hugely successful Channel 4 coverage of the Paralympic Games in 2012, as well as working for Sky TV, Eurosport and Channel Five.
She 'ran' the qualifier in 2:16, beating Regis by 50 seconds and then beating him again in the next two rounds but losing finally in the Wipeout Zone, finishing 3rd behind Regis and eventual winner DJ JK.
The team had qualified only after FR Yugoslavia (who qualified as Yugoslavia) was disqualified as a result of the breakup and warfare in the country.
Also present at the tournament was the CIS national football team (Commonwealth of Independent States), representing the recently dissolved Soviet Union whose national team had qualified for the tournament.
It was also the first major tournament at which the reunified Germany (who were beaten 2–0 by Denmark in the final) had competed.
It was to be the last tournament with only eight participants, the last to award the winner of a match with only two points, and the last tournament before the introduction of the back-pass rule, which was brought in immediately after the tournament was completed.
On 16 December 1988, Sweden was chosen over Spain to host the event, following a decision made by the UEFA Executive Committee.
Spain was at a disadvantage as they had already been chosen to host the EXPO 1992 and the 1992 Summer Olympic Games.
The Soviet Union qualified for the finals shortly before the break-up of the country, and took part in the tournament under the banner of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), before the former Soviet republics formed their own national teams after the competition.
Four out of 15 ex-republics were not members of the CIS: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania did not send their players; Georgia was not a member of the CIS at the time, but Georgian Kakhaber Tskhadadze was a part of the squad.
Originally, Yugoslavia qualified for the final stage and were to participate as FR Yugoslavia, but due to the Yugoslav wars, the team was disqualified and their qualifying group's runner-up, Denmark, took part in the championship.
They shocked the continent when Peter Schmeichel saved Marco van Basten's penalty in the semi-final penalty shoot-out against the Netherlands, thus defeating the defending European champions.
The shock was compounded when Denmark went on to defeat the reigning world champions Germany 2–0 to win the European title.
The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the two groups progress to the semi-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament.
It was also the first major football competition in which the players had their names printed on their backs, at around the time that it was becoming a trend in club football across Europe.
The official mascot of the competition was a rabbit named Rabbit, dressed in a Swedish football jersey, and wearing head and wristbands while playing with a ball.
It was designed this way in order to cut two or more smaller pieces ( in length) of firewood in rapid succession.
Building a sawbuck that is too light could result in injury as it may tip over while cutting, especially with a chainsaw.
She became the champion of a warrior band after fleeing from an incestuous relationship with her father, which produced three sons.
A legend related to the Conaille Muirtheimne states that Conall Constamail mac Finnchada fathered three sons, Rúntar, Glass and Ímda (eponyms of the Dál Rúntar, Glasraige and Dál nÍmda) upon his own daughter Creidne; out of shame he banished her and her sons; she fought against her parents and only after seven years of exile did she reach a settlement.
The Creidne is also a sail training yacht owned by the Irish Naval Service which is being used as a temporary replacement for the Asgard II.
Stulginskis was also acting President of Lithuania for a few hours later in 1926, following a military coup that was led by his predecessor, President Antanas Smetona, and which had brought down Stulginskis's successor, Kazys Grinius.
He was one of the founders of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party and the head of its Central Committee in 1917.
He signed the memorandum for the president Woodrow Wilson, addressing the question of the recognition of the Lithuanian statehood by the United States.
Thus, he strongly opposed the idea of monarchy (actually, Mindaugas II was the King of Lithuania from 11 July to 2 November 1918).
In independent Lithuania Stulginskis was in charge of organizing the national army to defend the country against the aggressions of Bolsheviks and Poles.
Many times served as a minister, May 1920 – 1922 he was Speaker of the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania and thus acting president of the republic.
In 1941 Stulginskis and his wife were arrested by the Soviet NKVD and deported to a gulag in the Krasnoyarsk region, while his wife was deported to the Komi area.
Stulginskis settled in Kaunas, where he died on September 22, 1969, aged 84, the last of the Signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
CITIC Group Corporation Ltd., formerly the China International Trust Investment Corporation (CITIC), is a state-owned investment company of the People's Republic of China, established by Rong Yiren in 1979 with the approval of Deng Xiaoping.
As of 2019, it is China's biggest state-run conglomerate with one of the largest pools of foreign assets in the world.
It now owns 44 subsidiaries including China CITIC Bank, CITIC Limited, CITIC Trust and CITIC Merchant (mainly banks) in China, Hong Kong, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
In the 1980s, Chinese government founded many for profit corporations, which CITIC was under the leadership of Rong Yiren, a former businessman and politician at that time, who chose to stay in the Mainland China in the 1950s after his family business was nationalized.
Larry also led the Hong Kong office and parent company of CITIC Pacific since 1986; Larry became a Hong Kong-based businessman since 1978.
The group also acquired 12.5% stake of the Hong Kong flag carrier Cathay Pacific in 1987, and became a member of a shareholders' agreement in 2006; the stake was sold to fellow state-owned company Air China in 2009.
Part of the assets of the group were injected into the listed company as reverse IPO, including the stake of aforementioned Cathay Pacific.
Its subsidiary, CITIC Pacific (, now known as CITIC Limited), made unauthorized bets on the foreign currency market in October 2008 and lost HK$14.7 billion (US$1.9 billion, when accounted for in mark-to-market terms).
In 2015, CITIC Group sold 10% stake of CITIC Limited to a joint-venture of Itochu and Charoen Pokphand for HK$34.4 billion (US$4.54 billion); the joint venture also subscribed new convertible preferred shares for HK$45.9 billion (or US$5.9 billion).
The transaction is also the largest acquisition in China by a Japanese company, and the largest investment by foreigners in a Chinese state-owned enterprise.
Puey Ungphakorn, MBE (; ; IPA:; ; 9 March 1916 – 28 July 1999), was a Thai economist who served as Governor of the Bank of Thailand and Rector of Thammasat University.
Born to a Thai Chinese family, Puey was a graduate of the first class of Thammasat University, teaching as a lecturer of French until winning a scholarship to study economics at the London School of Economics in 1938.
His studies were interrupted by the Second World War, when he joined the Free Thai resistance movement opposed to the pro-Japanese military regime of Plaek Phibunsongkhram.
He joined the Ministry of Finance in 1949, serving in a progression of senior posts before becoming central bank governor in 1959.
At 43, and serving for over 12 years, until 1971, Puey is to date both the youngest person appointed as, and the longest serving, Governor of the Bank of Thailand.
As governor, he played a central role in shaping Thailand's economic development policies during the governments of Field Marshals Sarit Dhanarajata and Thanom Kittikachorn.
He also was a proponent of financial co-operation in Southeast Asia, leading to the establishment of regional financial and institutions such as SEACAN.
In 1975 he was appointed Rector of Thammasat University, but resigned in protest following the massacre of student protesters on 6 October 1976.
Tarred by nationalists as a leftist subversive, he was subsequently forced to flee the country for fear of his is safety, residing in the United Kingdom until his death in 1999.
Puey was born the fourth child of an immigrant Chinese fishmonger and a second generation Thai Chinese mother, with ancestry from Raoping.
In 1934 he was among the first group of students to enrol at the newly opened Thammasat University, from which he graduated in 1937.
After having briefly worked as a translator, Puey earned a government scholarship to study economics at the London School of Economics in 1938.
Thailand joined the Second World War on the side of the Axis in January 1942, following its invasion by Japan the previous month and the subsequent decision of Thailand's military ruler, Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram, to ally with rather than resist the Japanese invaders.
Puey's studies were as a result interrupted, and he joined the Free Thai Movement resisting the pro-Japanese government, helping to organise the movement in the United Kingdom.
Puey was commissioned as a Captain into the British Army and underwent vigorous training with the Special Operations Executive, In November 1944 he parachuted into Chai Nat Province in northern Thailand as part of Operation APPRECIATION, intended to establish contact with the influential and anti-Japanese politician Pridi Banomyong.
He was captured almost immediately, and remained technically a prisoner of war until the Japanese surrender in September 1945, though he in fact made contact with Free Thai members of the Thai police and was able to work with them from his jail cell.
After the war, Puey was promoted to the rank of Major in the British forces and was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire.
He resumed his studies, having won a Leverhulme Trust scholarship, and in 1948 received a doctorate in economics from the London School of Economics, becoming one of the first Thais to do so.
Upon becoming governor in 1959, Puey quickly attracted the attention of international agencies, foreign governments, and the international financial community for the integrity of his financial planning and management.
His international stature was recognised ceremoniously in 1964 when he became the first Thai to receive the Magsaysay Award for public service.
Equally important, this international recognition gave him an influence with Field Marshals Sarit Thanarat, Thanom Kittikachorn, and their cohorts which far exceeded his bureaucratic position.
They sought his aid and advice as a troubleshooter for Thailand's monetary interests, particularly in matters they had botched or in which they were suspected to have their own private interests, such as remedying Sarit's mishandling of Thailand's participation on an international tin council and preventing a kickback scandal over the foreign printing of Thailand's currency.
After Thanom's junta was ousted in a popular uprising in 1973, Puey was chosen by caretaker prime minister Sanya Dharmasakti, who had also served as Rector of Thammasat University, to chair the government's Economic Advisory Council.
He served in both posts until Sanya's ministry was succeeded by the elected government of Seni Pramoj following elections in 1975.
In 1966 Puey became the dean of the Faculty of Economics at his alma mater, Thammasat University, where his work with the Rockefeller Foundation and with foreign scholars dramatically upgraded the training of Thailand's future technocrats.
It was during this period that he was invited to serve as a visiting professor at both Cambridge and Princeton universities and was appointed to the governing boards of such organisations as the International Council for Educational Development, the East-West Center (EWC), the Asian Institute of Management, and the International Food Policy Research Institute.
Puey played an instrumental role in the establishment of the Bangkok-based Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), previously the Graduate School of Engineering of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1967.
Kukrit Pramoj, was broadly promoted as one of the two major candidates for the post of prime minister in the elected government that would follow the palace-picked interim administration of Sanya Thammasak.
However, after a great deal of self-examination, Puey disavowed all interest in such a candidacy and returned to Thammasat, where he was appointed rector.
Puey's explanation was that when he had joined the Free Thai Movement he had taken an oath never to seek or accept political appointment until after reaching the age of retirement.
Some have argued, however, that Puey's withdrawal was based upon his mature understanding of the nature of society and that he had accurately foreseen that the upcoming democratic period would be inherently unstable, dangerous, and short-lived.
Although he spoke out against the unending student demonstrations of 1975–76 as being both ineffective and self-destructive, and even denied his students any use of the Thammasat campus as a base for mounting public demonstrations, he was nevertheless assigned blame for their occurrence.
On the evening of the bloody 6 October 1976 Massacre, Puey resigned from his position as rector of Thammasat in protest against the bloodbath that had occurred that day on the university campus.
Only with the help of the Royal Thai Air Force Air Police, who had been instructed by King Bhumibol's privy council office to help him leave, did he evade death and get on a plane bound for London.
While living abroad, Puey met with Thais and influential figures in several countries, including those in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Japan, and Australia to speak about the incident and to call for a peaceful transition to democracy in Thailand.
In 1977, Puey gave testimonials before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs investigating human rights in Thailand following the incident of 6 October 1976 Massacre.
His most significant, if paradoxical, attribute was his willingness to work for the Thai bureaucratic establishment and yet maintain his moral independence, intellectual creativity, and sense of social responsibility.
It had a particular impact on younger people, almost all of whose models have traditionally been either successful rogues who manipulate their social environment for their own advantage or martyrs who succumb to it.
Over the years, he held a variety of jobs and served on a number of commissions that, in terms of standard Thai corrupt practices, could have made him a very wealthy man.
As an economist he was keenly aware that official corruption was depriving the Thai treasury of inordinately large sums, and in public addresses and statements he would often include selections of thinly veiled, but cutting, poetic attacks against the specific acts of the very highest government officials.
Puey's career is also powerful evidence of how education—in contrast to wealth, political power, and connections—could be used to climb the Thai status ladder.
Kazys Grinius (, 17 December 18664 June 1950) was the third President of Lithuania, and held that office from 7 June 1926 to 17 December 1926.
Grinius was born in Selema, near Marijampolė, in the Augustów Governorate of Congress Poland, a part of the Russian Empire (present-day Lithuania).
When Lithuania regained its independence in 1918, Grinius became a member of the National Assembly as a member of the Peasant Populist Party.
He was elected President by the Third Seimas, but served for only six months, as he was deposed in a coup led by Antanas Smetona, under the pretext that there was an imminent communist plot to take over Lithuania.
When Nazi Germany invaded Lithuania in 1941, Grinius refused to collaborate with the Germans because of his opposition to the occupation of Lithuania by any foreign power.
He fled to the West, when the Soviet army reoccupied Lithuania in 1944, and emigrated to the United States in 1947.
He then sets out on his own and winds up facing and destroying the Red Ribbon Army single-handedly after many encounters with the army's leaders.
Goku uses the Dragon Balls that he found from facing the Red Ribbon Army to ressurrect his friend Upa's father Bora, who was murdered by Taopaipai, a hired assassin.
3 years later, Goku enters the 22nd World Martial Arts Tournament with his friends, along with new rivals, Chaozu and Tenshinhan from the Crane School.
Tenshinhan has a bloodthirsty nature which goes away after Master Roshi convinces him that the Crane Hermit's methods are flawed and joins Goku.
When Krillin is later murdered after the final bout, Goku exacts revenge on his killer, Tambourine, an evil demon sent to kill all martial artists who was taking orders from his master, Demon King Piccolo.
Piccolo uses the Dragon Balls to bring his full power back to him, after successfully killing Master Roshi and Chaozu, then he islater successfully conquers Earth.
After a match between Tenshinhan and Drum, Piccolo's henchman, Goku demolishes Drum, and ends up having to face Piccolo one more time in a rematch for the sake of all humanity.
After the defeat of Piccolo, Goku meets Mr. Popo and Kami who are far greater than Piccolo and help Goku bring his fallen friends from the dead as well as training him for the next tournament.
Three years later, Goku, now a young adult, must fight the Demon King Piccolo's offspring Piccolo Jr.. Kami intervenes and insists that he should take down this new Piccolo instead, but he is taken out, and it is now only up to Goku to save the world once again.
Together, they go on an adventure to find the seven mystical , which have the ability to summon the powerful dragon Shenron, who can grant whoever summoned him their greatest desire.
The journey leads to a confrontation with the shape-shifting pig Oolong, as well as a desert bandit named Yamcha and his companion Pu'ar, who all later become allies; Chi-Chi, whom Goku unknowingly agrees to marry; and Emperor Pilaf, an blue imp who seeks the Dragon Balls to fulfill his desire of becoming ruler of the world.
After Oolong stops Pilaf from using the Dragon Balls by wishing for a pair of panties, Goku undergoes rigorous training regimes under the martial artist Master Roshi in order to fight in the that attracts the most powerful fighters in the world.
After the tournament, Goku sets out on his own to recover the Dragon Ball his deceased grandfather left him and encounters a terrorist organization known as the Red Ribbon Army, whose diminutive leader, Commander Red, wants to collect the Dragon Balls so that he can use them to become taller.
He almost single-handedly defeats the army, including their hired assassin Mercenary Tao, whom he originally loses to, but after training under the hermit Korin, easily beats.
Goku reunites with his friends to defeat Fortuneteller Baba's fighters and have her locate the last Dragon Ball in order to revive a friend killed by Tao.
They all reunite at the Tenkaichi Budōkai three years later and meet Master Roshi's rival and Tao's brother, Master Shen, and his students Tien Shinhan and Chiaotzu, who vow to exact revenge for Tao's apparent death at the hands of Goku.
Meanwhile, Piccolo kills both Master Roshi and Chiaotzu, and uses the Dragon Balls to give himself eternal youth before destroying Shenron, which results in the Dragon Balls' destruction.
As King Piccolo prepares to destroy West City as a show of force, Tien Shinhan arrives to confront him, but is defeated and nearly killed.
Korin informs Goku that Kami, the original creator of the Dragon Balls, might be able to restore Shenron so that Goku can wish his fallen friends back to life, which he does.
He also stays and trains under Kami for the next three years, once again reuniting with his friends at the Tenkaichi Budōkai, as well as a now-teenaged Chi-Chi and the revived Mercenary Tao.
Tōru Furuya remarked that there were not many auditions for the characters because the cast was made up of veteran voice actors.
Performing the roles was not without its difficulties, Toshio Furukawa, the voice of Piccolo, said it was difficult to constantly perform with a low voice because his normal lighter voice would break through if he broke concentration.
The opening theme song for all of the episodes is performed by Hiroki Takahashi.The ending theme is performed by Ushio Hashimoto.
They contracted Josanne B. Lovick Productions and voice actors from Ocean Productions to create an English version for the anime and first movie in Vancouver, British Columbia.
In Canada and Europe, an alternative dubbed version was produced by AB Groupe (in association with Blue Water Studios) and was aired in those territories instead of the Funimation version.
Nudity was also covered up; for Goku's bathing scene, Funimation drew a chair to cover his genitals where it was uncensored previously.
scene was deleted from episode 2, and when Bulma places panties on the fishing hook to get Oolong (in fish form), they digitally painted away the panties and replaced it with some money.
In the Japanese version, the two characters do not cover their privates because Goku is innocent of the differences in gender and Bulma believes Goku to be a little boy.
While bathing Bulma asks Goku his age and only when Goku reveals himself to be fourteen does Bulma throw things at Goku before kicking him out of the bath.
In the Funimation version the dialogue was changed; with Goku remarking that Bulma did not have a tail and it must be inconvenient for her when bathing.
The content of this set began being released on mass-produced individual 6-episode DVDs on April 4, 2007, and finished with the 26th volume on December 5, 2007.
Funimation released their initial dub, the edited and censored first thirteen episodes, on six tapes from September 24, 1996, to July 28, 1998 together with Trimark Pictures.
Funimation began releasing their in-house dub beginning with episode 14 by themselves on June 5, 2001, in both edited and uncut formats, before seizing VHS releases the following year.
However, they were unable to release the first thirteen episodes at the time, due to Lions Gate Entertainment holding the home video rights to their previous dub of the same episodes, having acquired them from Trimark after the company became defunct.
is the second Dragon Ball Z OVA and features the first Dragon Ball animation in nearly a decade, following a short story arc in the remade Dr. Slump anime series featuring Goku and the Red Ribbon Army in 1999.
The film premiered in Japan on September 21, 2008, at the Jump Super Anime Tour in honor of Weekly Shōnen Jump's fortieth anniversary.
Anime Reviews' Tim Jones gave the show four out of five stars, referring to it as a forerunner to modern fighting anime and still one of the best.
Kimlinger and Theron Martin, also of Anime News Network, noted Funimation's reputation for drastic alterations of the script, but praised the dub.
Nozawa takes pride in her role and sends words of encouragement that have resulted in children in comas responding to the voice of the characters.
Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.
The lactic acid produced by the bacterium curdles the milk that then separates to form curds, which are used to produce cheese.
Other uses that have been reported for this bacterium include the production of pickled vegetables, beer or wine, some breads, and other fermented foodstuffs, such as soymilk kefir, buttermilk, and others.
Dairy isolates are suggested to have evolved from plant isolates through a process in which genes without benefit in the rich medium milk were either lost or down-regulated.
The proposed transition from the plant to the dairy environment was reproduced in the laboratory through experimental evolution of a plant isolate that was cultivated in milk for a prolonged period.
The state Assembly of Wisconsin, also the number one cheese-producing state in the United States, voted in 2010 to name this bacterium as the official state microbe.
It would have been the first and only such designation by a state legislature in the nation, however the legislation was not picked up by the Senate.
The legislation was introduced in November 2009 as Assembly Bill 556 by Representatives Hebl, Vruwink, Williams, Pasch, Danou, and Fields; it was cosponsored by Senator Taylor.
Using Salmonella flagellar as the experimental group, Nakamura’s team found that a product of lactose fermentation is the cause of motility impairment in Salmonella.
In principle, this method may be useful for intestinal delivery of other protein therapeutics that are unstable or difficult to produce in large quantities and an alternative to the systemic treatment of IBD.
In addition, it was demonstrated that tumor growth can be inhibited by the LAB strain itself due to the LAB’s ability to produce exopolysaccharides.
However, the music actually reflects the Soviet invasion of Hungary, as the symphony was composed in the aftermath of the events.
The first performance given outside the Soviet Union took place in London's Royal Festival Hall on 22 January 1958 when Sir Malcolm Sargent conducted the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
The work's popular success, as well as its earning him a Lenin Prize in April 1958, marked the composer's formal rehabilitation from the Zhdanov Doctrine of 1948.
The symphony is scored for 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling cor anglais), 3 clarinets (3rd doubling bass clarinet), 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, snare drum, cymbals, orchestral bass drum, tam-tam, xylophone, tubular bells, 2 harps (preferably doubled), celesta and strings.
Indeed, the musical images have an immediacy and simplicity unusual even for Shostakovich the epic symphonist, and an additional thread is provided by the nine revolutionary songs that appear during the work.
Shostakovich does not merely quote these songs; he integrates them into the symphonic fabric within the bounds of his compositional style.
Shostakovich originally intended the Eleventh Symphony to mark the 50th anniversary of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and would have written it in 1955.
These factors included his mother's death, his tumultuous second marriage and the arrival of many newly freed friends from the Gulag.
Events in Hungary in 1956 may have stirred Shostakovich out of his compositional inertia and acted as a catalyst for his writing the symphony.
This causes critics to view the Eleventh Symphony as a requiem not only for the composer himself but for his generation.
The 1905 Revolution was not politicised by the Party, so the piece maintained its romantic aura in the eyes of later generations.
Many now consider the work to carry a much more reflective attitude, one that looks at Russian history as a whole from the standpoint of 1957, four years after the death of Stalin.
Some have argued that Shostakovich's inclusion of these songs makes more explicit in the symphony the actual chain of consequences as well as events being portrayed—namely, that had Tsar Nicholas II listened to the people's demands and liberalized the government in 1905 to the point where widespread social change was enacted, there would not have been a recurrence of protest 12 years later to topple him from power.
Thus, in Shostakovich's formal scheme for the symphony, denial of the people merely incites violence and a further cycle of recurrence.
Tkachev advocated that revolution should be carried out by a small, motivated Party willing to use whatever means necessary, rather than by the people themselves.
The similarities between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 have led critics to believe that Shostakovich wrote the symphony in part as a response to the events of the Hungarian Revolution in Budapest.
The timing (being just one year after the Hungarian Revolution) strongly suggests that Shostakovich was speaking not only about events in his own country, but those events that his government was involved with.
While the symphony incorporated enough revolutionary songs that it lay under the radar of the government, the underlying themes would have resonated fully with people at the time.
Jonas Staugaitis (; May 20, 1868, Omentiškiai, Suwałki Governorate – January 18, 1952, Kaunas) was the acting President of Lithuania during the December 1926 coup d'état.
His erudition had brought him into contact with some of the leading intellectuals of the Patriot cause and, in turn, with the ferment of political ideas that eventually found expression in the Constitution.
His experiences in that preeminent event of his generation transformed the genial scholar into an adroit politician and a determined leader in the campaign for effective national government.
This leadership was evident not only at the Convention in Philadelphia but also, with telling effect, during the ratification debates in North Carolina.
This mobility undoubtedly contributed to the development of his nationalistic outlook, an outlook strengthened by wartime service with interstate military forces and reinforced by the interests of the planters and merchants that formed his North Carolina constituency.
These experiences convinced him that only a strong central government could adequately protect and foster the political, economic, and intellectual future of the new nation.
His parents instead sent him to Francis Alison's New London Academy and, in 1754, to the College of Philadelphia (today's University of Pennsylvania).
After spending a year at the University of Edinburgh, he matriculated in 1766 at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, wrote a brief thesis, and received his Medical Decree on August 6, 1764.
At the same time, he pursued a number of independent scientific and educational projects, and his work in these areas eventually led to membership in the American Philosophical Society as well as acclaim in Europe's intellectual circles.
There he witnessed the famous Boston Tea Party, in which Patriots dressed as American Indians destroyed a cargo of tea in protest over a newly enforced Parliamentary tax on imported commodities.
On reaching London he was summoned before the Privy Council to testify on this act of rebellion and on colonial affairs in general.
In response to questions by Council members, who were in the process of formulating punitive measures against Massachusetts, he bluntly warned that repression would provoke rebellion.
He then went on to express the argument that was becoming the core of the Patriot position: Americans were entitled to the full rights of Englishmen, including representation in the decisions of the English government.
A mutual interest in scientific matters cemented a solid working relationship with Benjamin Franklin, and Williamson soon found himself joined with the famous American scientist and others in appealing for support among those Englishmen who, in opposition to their own government, sympathized with American claims.
Williamson continued on to the Netherlands where, taking advantage of the cover afforded by his attendance at meetings on scientific and educational subjects, he organized the publication of pamphlets and other papers that supported the Patriot cause.
The Department had no opening at that time, so Williamson decided to form a partnership with a younger brother to import medicines and other scarce items from the West Indies through the British blockade.
Believing that he could best contribute to the war effort by using his contacts and reputation in this manner, Williamson made Edenton, North Carolina, his base of operations.
Settlement in North Carolina soon led to his establishing a medical practice to serve the planters and merchants of the region.
Facing the threat of a British invasion of the region from the sea and bases in Florida, the state legislature voted to raise a force of 4,000 men to assist South Carolina.
When Governor Richard Caswell, with the rank of major general, took to the field at the head of these citizen-soldiers, he named Williamson to serve as the state's Physician and Surgeon General, a post Williamson held until the end of the war.
The capture of Charleston, South Carolina in 1780 not only marked a stunning defeat for American forces, but also signaled the end of the first phase in a new British war strategy.
Under this strategy British forces would continue to tie down Washington's main army in the north while a Royal army under General Charles Cornwallis would advance northward.
Using Savannah, Georgia and Charleston as their bases of operations, the British expected their regular units to push through North Carolina and Virginia while a militia composed of local Loyalists secured areas captured by the regular forces.
To counter Cornwallis' efforts, the Continental Congress sent Horatio Gates to command a small force composed of a division of continentals, Caswell's units from North Carolina, and a group of hastily assembled Virginia militia units.
Gates attempted to attack the British advance base near Camden, South Carolina, but his tired militia units, which were still forming when the battle began, were routed, and the Americans suffered another defeat.
When smallpox threatened the prison camp, he argued strenuously with Cornwallis and other British officers over the proper method to combat the disease.
Major General Nathanael Greene, Gates' replacement, had begun his brilliant campaign to recover the south through the joint efforts of continentals and militia.
While his main force engaged the British in a series of battles, the militiamen concentrated on picking off small outposts and isolated enemy parties.
Williamson was attached to a force under Brigadier General Isaac Gregory whose mission was to limit British activity in eastern North Carolina.
Gregory established his base in the vast reaches of the Dismal Swamp where he could pin the British down in Wilmington without jeopardizing his small force.
Williamson's bold innovations in preventive medicine, especially his strenuous efforts to indoctrinate raw troops in the importance of sanitation and diet, kept the command virtually free of disease during the six months that it inhabited the swamp-—a rare feat in 18th-century warfare.
In 1782 Williamson's neighbors elected him to the lower house of the North Carolina legislature, where he served for several terms.
His experiences during the Revolution, especially his exposure to the pressing need for interstate cooperation during the 1780 and 1781 campaigns in the Carolinas, had convinced him of the military importance of strong national government.
In 1786 North Carolina chose Williamson to attend the Annapolis Convention, a meeting called to settle economic questions affecting the middle Atlantic states.
Although he arrived too late to play a role in the Maryland proceedings, he was prepared to discuss interstate issues the following year when his state-appointed him as a representative at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
Williamson, a faithful attendee at Convention sessions, lodged with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, two of the country's best-known nationalist leaders.
A capacity for hard work and his innate good humor made him invaluable to the Federalists as they worked out the many political compromises necessary for consensus on the new instrument of government.
Using simple examples, Williamson explained to both groups the dual dangers of inflationary finances and of taxes that would stunt the growth of domestic manufacture.
Following adjournment in Philadelphia, Williamson returned to New York to participate in the closing sessions of the Continental Congress and to serve as one of the agents settling North Carolina's accounts with that body.
These duties caused him to miss the Hillsboro Convention, where North Carolina first considered and rejected the Constitution, but he played a major role at a second convention that met in Fayetteville in 1789.
He served two terms before retiring and settling in New York City, where he continued to pursue a wide range of scholarly interests.
They had two sons, both of whom died young (the older one at the age of 22 in 1811, the younger, shortly thereafter, according to Hosack's Memoir of Hugh Williamson).
In Gallo-Roman religion, Buxenus was an epithet of the Gaulish Mars, known from a single inscription found in Velleron in the Vaucluse.
According to the traditional historical Sikh sources Guru Nanak Dev appeared on earth in the month of Katak Oct/November 1469 which is celebrated every year in the month of October/November.
The SGPC which was found in 1925, they state the avtar date as of 15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) – founder of the Sikh faith and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
The county is bordered by Bomi County to the west, Bong County to the north, and Margibi County to the east.
In the lowlands on the coast grow palm trees, mangrove woods, and savanna grasslands with tropical forest covering the interior hills and valleys.
During the dry season winds from the Sahara Desert called the Harmattan create wild temperature fluctuations from December to the beginning of March.
Commonwealth District, Greater Monrovia District and St. Paul River District are also recognized, but are not officially recognized as administrative districts.
Administration varies by subunit with a governor running the borough, mayors in charge of cities, commissioners administering townships, and superintendents controlling districts.
Kpelle speaking groups represent 52% of the population while Bassa speakers comprise 21%, followed by Lorma with 6%, Kru with 4%, and all others with 3% or less each.
In the county 10% of the population was considered food insecure, with 35% listed as highly vulnerable, 43% as moderately vulnerable, and 13% were listed as food secure regarding access to sustenance as of October 2006.
Half is red and half is blue, split along a diagonal line running from the lower left hand corner to the upper right hand corner.
One of these markets is in the Red Light neighborhood of Paynesville where a variety of consumer goods are sold out of wheelbarrows and old intermodal containers.
The Red Light market and the Duala markets serve as distribution markets for incoming goods from the rural parts of Liberia.
As of October 2006, employment in the county is primarily self-employment with only 17% of households having members that were salaried employees.
Agriculture is small part of economy, with the main crops consisting of cassava (90% of all crops), rice (16%), other vegetables (18%), corn (16%), sweet potatoes or eddoes (8%), plantain or bananas (8%), and pulses (1%).
These include the Morris American Rubber Company in Todee that employs 600 and the Liberia Resources Corporation in Careysburg with 300 employees.
The Central Bank of Liberia is located in Monrovia, with other commercial banks also operating in Montserrado County, including the International Bank.
Roberts is the only international airport in Liberia, and Payne along with Roberts have the only paved runways in the nation.
Additional primary schools were built in the 1970s, while in 1976 the University of Liberia opened the Fendall branch campus in Louisiana.
The University of Liberia’s main campus is located in Monrovia, and includes the country’s only law school in the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law.
Enrollment in primary schools in the county totaled 314,409 students, which was 35% of the total number for the nation as a whole.
The Liberian National Museum is located in Monrovia, while the city also hosts two football stadiums, the National Complex and Antoinette Tubman Stadium.
Prior to the civil wars it used water from the Mount Coffee Hydropower Project to supply water and some sewage disposal.
Stockton and Dr. Eli Ayers negotiated to acquire the land in and around the bay from the native chiefs for a settlement by free negroes before sailing to Sierra Leone to pick up these colonists.
On January 7, 1822, the former slaves arrived and settled Providence Island on the Mesurado River under the auspices of the American Colonization Society, and by April they had moved to the mainland.
Within the next two decades, approximately 3,200 ex-slaves, having either escaped from their shareholders or being born free, arrived from Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Grenada, and Saint Lucia.
As opportunities increased, former slaves moved through Grand Cape Mount, Bomi County, Montserrado and Margibi County to seek employment and prosperity.
Many of the communities in the county are named for the pioneers who settled the area and their former homes in America.
In 1847, the colony declared its independence and Montserrado was the first of the Republic of Liberia's counties to sign the Declaration of Independence on July 26, 1847.
At the time of creation, the county was composed of three administrative districts in Bomi, Gibi, and Marshall with Monrovia as the county capital.
The first County Inspector was appointed in 1949 by President Tubman, followed by President Tolbert’s appointment of the first County Superintendent in 1973.
Rubber and palm oil plantations were started in the 1960s and 1970s, while a factory for producing clothing was built in 1979 in Bentol City.
During the civil strife of the 1980s into the early 2000s much of the county’s infrastructure was looted and left unmaintained.
The Dandy Warhols are an American alternative rock band, formed in Portland, Oregon in 1994 by singer-guitarist Courtney Taylor-Taylor and guitarist Peter Holmström.
Soon after, drummer Eric Hedford joined, and, following an unsuccessful experiment with Taylor-Taylor's girlfriend on bass guitar, Zia McCabe joined the band as keyboardist after Taylor-Taylor saw her working in a coffeehouse.
Early on in their career, The Dandy Warhols performed in bars throughout Portland and became well known for their nudity-filled live shows.
At their first gig in 1994, they were approached by record label Tim/Kerr, who offered to pay for the recording of an album.
In 1998, drummer Eric Hedford left the band after a dispute over royalties, and was replaced by Taylor-Taylor's cousin Brent DeBoer.
Becoming a fan of the band after seeing them play at the Glastonbury Festival in 2000, David Bowie personally selected The Dandy Warhols to play at the 2002 Meltdown festival.
It was recorded over the course of seven years by filmmaker Ondi Timoner, and won the Documentary Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival.
This subsequent theme was a revamp of the original and was used until the show had an overhaul starting in the 2015 season (thereby discontinuing the theme at the end of the 2014 season).
Former member Eric Hedford has replaced drummer Brent DeBoer at some concerts and at some studio sessions and recordings while DeBoer is in Australia.
Guitarist Peter Holmström fronts the neo-psychedelia musical project Pete International Airport, which was named after the Dandy Warhols' song of the same name, and has featured members from bands such as The Lovetones, The Brian Jonestown Massacre, and The Upsidedown.
William Samuel Johnson (October 7, 1727 – November 14, 1819) was an early American statesman who was notable for signing the United States Constitution, for representing Connecticut in the United States Senate, and for serving as the third president of King's College, now known as Columbia University.
William Samuel Johnson was born in Stratford, Connecticut, on October 7, 1727 to Samuel Johnson, a well-known Anglican clergyman and later president of King's (Columbia) College, and Johnson's first wife, Charity Floyd Nicoll.
He then graduated from Yale College in 1744, going on to receive a master's degree from his alma mater in 1747 (as well as an honorary degree from Harvard the same year).
William Samuel Johnson also attended the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 and served on the committee that addressed the King arguing the right of the colonies to decide tax policies for themselves.
Self-educated in the law, he quickly developed an important clientele and established business connections extending beyond the boundaries of his native colony.
He also held a commission in the Connecticut colonial militia for over 20 years, rising to the rank of colonel, and he served in the lower house of the Connecticut Legislature (1761 and 1765) and in the upper house (1766 and 1771–1775).
He was first attracted to the Patriot cause by what he and his associates considered Parliament's unwarranted interference in the government of the colonies.
He attended the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 and served on the committee that drafted an address to the King arguing the right of the colonies to decide tax policies for themselves.
He opposed the Townshend Acts passed by Parliament in 1767 to pay for the French and Indian War and supported the non-importation agreements devised by the colonies to protest taxation without representation.
Johnson lived in London from 1767 to 1771, serving as Connecticut's agent in its attempt to settle the colony's title to Indian lands.
His experience in Britain convinced him that Britain's policy was shaped more by ignorance of American conditions and not through the sinister designs of a wicked government, as many Patriots alleged.
He enjoyed close associations with the Anglican Church in England and with the scholarly community at Oxford, which awarded him an honorary degree in 1766.
Fearing the consequences of independence for both the colonies and the mother country, Johnson sought to avoid extremism and to reach a compromise on the outstanding political differences between the protagonists.
He rejected his election to the First Continental Congress, a move strongly criticized by the Patriots, who removed him from his militia command.
He was also strongly criticized when seeking an end to the fighting after Lexington and Concord, he personally visited the British commander, General Thomas Gage.
Once independence was achieved, Johnson felt free to participate in the government of the new nation, serving in the Congress of the Confederation (1785–1787).
In 1785, the Vermont Republic granted Johnson a town in the former King's College Tract in thanks for representing the interests of Vermont before the Continental Congress.
He looked to a strong federal government to protect the rights of Connecticut and the other small states from encroachment by their more powerful neighbors.
He gave his fullest support to the Connecticut Compromise, which foreshadowed the final Great Compromise, with a national legislature with a Senate that provided equal representation for all states and a House of Representatives based on population.
He was the first head of state of Lithuania after its independence declaration from the Soviet Union, and served as the Head of the Lithuanian Parliament Seimas.
Landsbergis is an intellectual who has been active in Lithuania's political arena for more than two decades, and a notable politician who helped contribute to the demise of the Soviet Union.
He has written 20 books on a variety of topics, including a biography of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, as well as works on politics and music.
He is a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, and a member of the international advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
His father was the famous architect Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis and his mother, ophthalmologist Dr. Ona Jablonskytė-Landsbergienė in 1944 sheltered a Jewish teenager in the family home.
On 11 March 1990, he headed the Parliamentary session during which the restoration of Lithuanian independence from the Soviet Union was declared.
According to the temporary Constitution of Lithuania, Landsbergis had constitutional authority over both the Leader of the State and the Speaker of the Parliament.
The Soviet Union attempted to stifle this activity by economic blockade in 1990, but it failed, and other Soviet Republics soon followed suit and declared their independence from Moscow, as well.
He was also extremely dubious of the view that Mikhail Gorbachev was trying to liberalize the Soviet Union and that Lithuania should not prevent him from doing so.
Landsbergis also played a crucial role during the confrontation between the Lithuanian independence movement and Soviet armed forces in January 1991.
In 2004, Landsbergis was elected by Lithuanian voters to the European Parliament in Brussels (the total number of MEPs from Lithuania in Brussels is 13), and has been returned at every election since then.
In January 2005, Landsbergis, backed by Member of the European Parliament from Hungary Jozsef Szajer, urged that Communist symbols be banned in the European Union, in addition to Nazi symbols.
He also sent a letter to Franco Frattini, the European Commissioner of Justice and Internal Affairs, suggesting that in case the EU decides to ban Nazi symbols, Communist symbols should be banned too.
A bit later, however, the Commissioner decided that he would not attempt to ban any symbols, as there was no agreement as to which symbols should be banned.
The debate came to an end when, in the beginning of February 2005, the European Commission rejected calls for a proposed Europe-wide ban on Nazi symbols to be extended to cover Communist Party symbols as well.
Frattini said it would not be appropriate to include the red star and the hammer and sickle in a draft EU law on racism.
Finally, at the end of February 2005, the European Union dropped proposals to ban Nazi symbols across its 25 member states.
Landsbergis is a fierce critic of Russia's intentions to impose any kind of influence on the Baltic States and publicly questions Russia's actions vis-à-vis the Baltic States on both local and international media, as well as in the European Parliament.
He warns that Russia might have intentions to control Lithuania and the other Baltic States economically and politically through a wide network of former KGB agents and other clandestine activities.
Landsbergis is one of the most active politicians who urge Russia to compensate Lithuania and other post-Soviet republics for damage done to them during their occupations.
She was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to May 2016, representing the Division of Chisholm, Victoria.
She graduated from Monash University in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in English Literature, and later from the University of Melbourne in 1994 with a Master of Commerce with Honours in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management.
In this capacity, she worked for Victoria Roads from 1988 to 1993 and for Victoria University (then the Victorian Institute of Technology) from 1993 to 1994.
She had joined the Ashwood branch of the Labor Party in 1986, and in 1997 she was pre-selected for the Division of Chisholm by the Labor Party.
She was not expected to win, but after Wooldridge switched seats she won the seat at the 1998 federal election against Peter Vlahos of the Liberal Party.
On 24 November 2011, she was nominated by the Opposition for the position of Speaker of the House, which she declined.
However, she accepted the Government's nomination for the position of Deputy Speaker on the same day, and was elected to that position following a ballot.
On 22 April 2012 the Speaker, Peter Slipper, announced he was standing aside, meaning he would remain Speaker but would not attend sessions of the House, until fraud allegations made against him with respect to travel expenses were resolved.
As Deputy Speaker, Burke was deprived of her deliberative vote, being able only to vote in the case of a tie.
She was replaced as the Member for Chisholm by Liberal Julia Banks, who was the only Coalition candidate to win a seat held by an opposition party in 2016.
On 16 January 2017, Burke was appointed as a full-time Member of the General, Freedom of Information, and Veterans' Appeals Divisions of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, with her term to end on 15 January 2024.
It also serves parts of western Suffolk County, New York as well as eastern portions of the New York City borough of Queens.
It was formerly operated under the name of MTA Long Island Bus, the trading name of the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority, a division of MTA Regional Bus Operations.
In 2011, the owner, Nassau County, decided to outsource the system to a private operator, the French multinational corporation, Veolia Transport (now Transdev), due to a funding dispute with the MTA.
In the 1980s, the N28, N46, N50 (all discontinued) and N70 (as an N72 branch) were instituted as new routes, with the N20 extended to Hicksville.
The 1990s saw the creation of a shuttle around Roosevelt Field (N93, now discontinued), two shuttles designed to take customers from train stations to work sites (the N94 and N95, both discontinued), and a service connecting Nassau County to JFK Airport (the N91, now discontinued), with the 2000s seeing a Merrick shuttle (now discontinued) and the N8 (now discontinued) and N43 routes being created.
In 2007, Long Island Bus averaged over 109,000 weekday riders, many of which include customers connecting to other MTA services in the region.
In 2010, the future of MTA Long Island Bus became uncertain, as the MTA threatened drastic cuts due to Nassau County's disproportionately small contributions to the operation.
For the past decade, the MTA has provided a unique subsidy (of $24 million in 2011 and over $140 million since 2000) to the Nassau County bus system that the other New York City suburban county bus systems have not received.
The county's contribution was $9.1 million per year out of a total budget of $133.1 million, and the MTA desired that this contribution increase to $26 million.
Critics have noted that Westchester County subsidized its similarly-sized Bee-Line Bus System service by $33 million/year, and that Suffolk subsidizes its substantially smaller Suffolk County Transit system by $24 million/year.
The county hoped to reduce its contribution from $9.1 million to $4.1 million by using a private contractor; the planned county contribution was later decreased to $2.5 million/year.
By March 2011, the MTA—citing Nassau's refusal to pay its contracted amount—proposed a set of major service reductions which would have eliminated over half of the routes, with the greatest impact on southeastern Nassau County, eliminating all routes operating south of Hempstead Turnpike and east of the Meadowbrook State Parkway (except for the N71).
After reviewing the service cut plans, County Executive Ed Mangano considered severing ties with the MTA and privatizing the Long Island Bus system.
However, on April 27, 2011, the MTA voted to cease all bus service in Nassau County after the end of 2011.
Mangano then announced that he had retained Veolia Transport to operate the system beginning in 2012 through a public-private partnership pending legislative approval.
On November 10, 2011, Veolia and Mangano announced that the service was going to be renamed Nassau Inter-County Express (or NICE), upon Veolia's takeover of the system.
On December 12, 2011, the legislature unanimously approved the Veolia contract, which was subsequently approved by the state-controlled Nassau County Interim Finance Authority (NIFA) on December 22, 2011.
This Veolia plan was the subject of heated county public hearings in which Long Island Bus riders and employees criticized the plan.
While there were no route cancellations planned, just over $7 million in cuts to existing routes were planned, with service reductions and route concentrations planned for routes primarily serving northern and eastern Nassau County, beginning in spring 2012, with resources redirected towards busier routes.
These cuts ultimately included decreased service on 30 routes, including elimination of weekend service and decreased midday service on seven routes.
On October 31, 2014, the Nassau County legislature adopted a 2015 budget that will increase Nassau County's contribution to NICE bus from $2.6 million to $4.6 million in 2015 and promised not to raise fares outside of MetroCard fare increases (MetroCard is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority).
This new $4.6 million contribution was hailed as a victory for Nassau County bus riders, although it will still leave NICE bus with a $6 million operating deficit.
However, on December 11, 2014, Nassau County executive Ed Mangano proposed cutting $4 million from Nassau County's NICE bus contribution (in addition to cuts to numerous other Nassau County services) to replace the $30 million that will be lost after the shutdown of Nassau County's controversial school speed zone cameras.
On January 17, 2016, NICE eliminated fifteen routes due to a budget deficit and low ridership and restructured three other routes.
On September 6, 2016, NICE restored service on one route (n51) and restored three others (original n2, n62, n73) as shuttles.
Nassau Inter-County Express has two depots - one each for its fixed route and paratransit operations, as well as an additional depot that was closed in 2017.
Levy Transit Facility on older buses and on the building itself) is located at 700 Commercial Avenue in Uniondale, and is the headquarters and central garage for Nassau Inter-County Express fixed route service.
This garage was originally the home of Bee Line, Inc, and was closed in 2017 as part of a cost-cutting move.
The new system will also provide maintenance with vehicle diagnostics data and provide customers and dispatchers alike with real-time bus location data accessible online (akin to MTA Bus Time).
NICE runs fixed-route service on 35 routes, plus two shuttles, servicing the towns of Hempstead, North Hempstead, and the southern part of Oyster Bay, along with parts of the cities of Long Beach and Glen Cove.
NICE routes operating to Jamaica and Flushing, Queens operate closed-door service in Queens (that is, local service is not provided solely for travel within Queens; appropriate NYC Transit or MTA Bus services must be used instead).
In addition, the n33 operates closed-door within the City of Long Beach, where local service is provided by Long Beach Bus.
It is a multi-holed pressure probe with rotational axis of the probe shaft coplanar with the measurement plane of the instrument.
Because of this geometry, when the instrument is rotated around the shaft's axis, the measurement elements of the probe remain in the same location.
Cobra probes come in three-, four-, and five-hole configurations, the former used for two-dimensional flow measurement, the latter two for three-dimensional flow measurement.
In the three-hole kind of instrument, there are two yaw direction tubes which are chamfered and silver soldered symmetrically on the two sides of a pitot tube.
Khumbu is one of three subregions of the main Khambu (specially Kulung) and Sherpa settlement of the Himalaya, the other two being Solu and Pharak.
The Khumbu's elevation ranges from 3,300 metres (11,000 feet) to the 8,848 m (29,029 ft) summit of Mount Everest, the highest place on Earth.
The Khumbu region includes both Sagarmatha National Park (above Monju) and the Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone, between Lukla and Monju.
Gunning Bedford Jr. (1747 – March 30, 1812) was a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (Continental Congress), Attorney General of Delaware, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 which drafted the United States Constitution, a signer of the United States Constitution and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware.
Bedorf was born in 1747, in Philadelphia, Province of Pennsylvania, British America, the fifth of eleven children to a wealthy family.
He graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) on September 25, 1771, with honors, as a classmate of James Madison and read law with Joseph Read in New York in 1779.
He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, which drafted the United States Constitution and was a signer of the Constitution.
On July 17, 1775, the Second Continental Congress resolved to elect Bedford to Deputy-Muster-General for New York in the Continental Army, during the American Revolutionary War.
Bedford was nominated by President George Washington on September 24, 1789, to the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, to a new seat authorized by .
In late 1772, or early 1773, Bedford married Jane Ballareau Parker, the daughter of James Parker, a printer who had learned his trade from Benjamin Franklin.
This cemetery is now the location of the Wilmington Institute Library and his remains were then moved to the Masonic Home Cemetery at Christiana, Delaware.
In 2013, after the sale of the Masonic Home, the monument, Bedford and the remains of his family were relocated by Chesapeake Burial Vault to the Historic Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery in Wilmington, Delaware.
In the 21st century, Japanese films of this genre have become more common in the United States and Europe although it still remains a small, fetish-oriented part of the adult film industry.
A scholarly paper by Danielle Talerico showed that although western audiences often interpret Hokusai’s famous design as rape, Japanese audiences of the Edo period would have viewed it as consensual.
While exposed genitalia (and until recently pubic hair) are illegal, the diversity of permissible sexual acts is now wide compared with other liberal democracies.
The volume of films in this genre has slowed from the peak years in the 1990s but continue to be produced to the present day.
Maeda explained that he invented the practice to get around strict Japanese censorship regulations, which prohibit the depiction of the penis but apparently do not prohibit showing sexual penetration by a tentacle or similar (often robotic) appendage.
The use of sexualized tentacles in live-action films, while much rarer, started in American B-movie horror films and has since migrated back to Japan.
Arguably the most notorious example of tentacle rape to date, Corman directed a scene in which actress Taaffe O'Connell, playing an astronaut on a future space mission is captured, raped, and killed by a giant, tentacled worm.
The scene was graphic enough that the film's director, B. D. Clark, refused to helm it, and O'Connell refused to do the full nudity required by Corman, so Corman directed the scene himself and used a body double for some of the more graphic shots.
Initially given an X-rating by the Motion Picture Association of America, tiny cuts were made to the scene which changed the movie's rating to 'R'.
The popularity of these films has led to the subsequent production of numerous live-action tentacle films in Japan from the 1990s to the present day.
The theme has appeared more rarely in adult American cinema and art; one example is American artist Zak Smith, who has painted works featuring octopi and porn stars, in various stages of intercourse.
These events are called individual events because they tend to be done by one person unlike debate which often includes teams.
This distinction however is not entirely accurate any more given the addition of duo interpretation events and forms of single person debate.
While there are several key events that have been around a long time, there are several experimental events around the country every year that can be limited to individual tournaments.
Forensics leagues in the United States includes the National Speech and Debate Association, the National Christian Forensics and Communications Association, the American Forensics Association, the National Forensics Association, the Interstate Oratorical Association and Stoa USA.
Outside of the rules for each event provided by the individual leagues, there are several cultural norms within each region that are not written into law but are almost always followed.
Rules for time limits vary by event and by individual tournaments, but there are penalties in every event for exceeding the time limits though the severity of the penalty widely varies.
Typically, the same speech is used for the entire competitive season but may not be used in more than one season.
For the public speaking events, they are performed with the purpose to use information to relate a message to an audience.
In many leagues (including the two U.S. tournaments), the number of directly-quoted words from other sources in the speech is limited; at the NFL nationals, the limit is 150 words.
Speeches are generally eight to ten minutes in length, with a warning often given when the allowed time has expired; most tournaments have a 30-second grace period.
Although few rules that dictate what topics or formats are permissible in persuasion, most persuasion speeches are policy-based; speakers advocate a specific policy proposal to address a need, offering their recommendation in a problem-cause-solution or cause-effect-solution format.
In 2006, the winning persuasion topics at the American Forensics Association (AFA) and National Forensics Association (NFA) were how to improve teacher retention and encourage citizens to correspond with their members of Congress.
This style of speech is also featured at the Interstate Oratorical Association - the oldest public speaking organization in the US - where the top persuasive speakers from each state compete at an annual national contest.
The speech may range from the newest, high tech inventions from around the world to cure cancer to lighthearted topics, such as Wikipedia.
Rhetorical criticism, or communication analysis, is an individual collegiate event in which the speaker has ten minutes to present a speech.
The speech usually consists of an introduction, the presentation of a rhetorical artifact, a communication theory or model, the application of the communication theory to the artifact, the implications of that analysis, and a conclusion.
The artifact may be anything of rhetorical significance, such as a book, a speech, an advertising campaign, or a protest movement.
They then select a model form of analysis (typically borrowed from communication scholars) to determine the effectiveness of the artifact in reaching its goal; for example, in analyzing an anti-smoking campaign the speaker might choose a model discussing the most effective methods of employing fear to persuade a mass audience.
They would then apply the model to the artifact and draw conclusions about the artifact's strengths and weaknesses, the success or failure of the model as an analytical tool, and other insight gained from the analysis.
Although comedy is frequently heard in special-occasion speaking, it should not detract from the message the speaker is trying to relate.
Although it can take the form of any of the accepted public-speaking structures, it often takes the form of an informative or persuasive speech.
A limited-preparation event is an event in which the speakers have no prior knowledge of the speech they will give, with a set amount of preparation time to write a short speech.
Speakers receive a packet with a prepared newscast and must edit and compile these stories into a five-minute newscast that is unique and engaging.
At the beginning of a round, speakers are usually given three questions relating to current events and asked to choose one on which to prepare a speech.
The main purpose of the speech to make an argument answering the question given at the beginning of the round and convince the audience that this interpretation is the most correct.
In impromptu speaking, competitors are given a topic (usually a word or phrase which may be a person, thing, a well-known saying, a less well-known quotation, a current event, or an object) and compose a speech based on the prompt.
Impromptu speeches are usually four to six minutes long (with 15 seconds to seven minutes of preparation time), but other tournaments have no limits on preparation time or speech length.
Judging typically focuses on speaking ability (such as enunciation, pace, and vocal variety), creativity, and overall balance of the speech (such as points of roughly-equal length and appropriate length of introduction and conclusion).
In many states, impromptu speaking is a contest combining wit and humor with insight; speeches should be funny, but also make a point.
Competitors in Extemporaneous Commentary are given a topic of national, regional or local importance, and prepare a speech on that topic during a preparation period.
Judging focuses on the quality of the vocal presentation, the organization of the speech and the use of sources to back up assertions.
According to the National Forensic League, the event imitates the work of media commentators who speak about trends or community problems.
It is more similar to interpretation than limited-preparation events, since each round is an interpretation; however, it differs in that each competitor receives the piece for each round in a one-hour draw and read and cut the piece for interpretation.
Three kinds of interpretation are represented in different rounds, one of which is used for the finals: humorous, serious, and poetry.
In storytelling, a high-school event, competitors are given a children's book, fairy tale, fable, myth, legend, or ghost story to read.
They have a half-hour to read the given piece and recast it in their own words before presenting their version to the judge in under eight minutes.
In this NCFCA and Stoa USA event, competitors are given four minutes to prepare a six-minute speech on a question relating to Christianity.
Though the purpose of each event differs based on if it is an acting event or an interpretation event, all of these events seek to use different forms of literature to tell a certain theme or story.
The use of a manuscript depends on the individual tournament and circuit, though typically it is required at the college level and not allowed at the high school level.
In Humorous Interpretation (shortened to HI or humorous), the humorous alternative to DI at the high-school level, a competitor performs an eight- to ten-minute selection from a humorous literary work.
Much of the rules for HI are identical to its dramatic counterpart with the only difference being that the presentation is funny.
Original comedy is an entirely original event in which competitors write a comic story, the structure of which is entirely up to them.
In the collegiate level of this event, the presenters are not allowed to make physical or eye contact or use props, can only touch the ground with their feet.
There are no props, costumes, or visual aids allowed however in the collegiate circuit a manuscript is often used The body of work can be from one literary source.
Differing from the college Duo Interpretation, in high school there are two events of duet acting called humorous duet acting and dramatic duet acting.
A cutting from only one script is used and though there are still no costumes or visual aids, most tournaments allow for the use of one table and two chairs provided by the tournament.
In many styles of competition, since competitors interpret the literature with facial expression and eye contact, memorization is helpful; however, points may be deducted if a speech is too memorized and the competitor does not appear to be reading.
Competitors from the same school usually do not compete against each other in preliminary rounds, and are identified by an alphanumeric code to prevent bias by judges.
At the awards ceremony, medals or trophies are given to individuals and team awards are given to the teams with the most points.
In Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on 26 February 1998 and ended on 28 February 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next presidential election.
Following the end of his term as president, Adamkus remained involved in international development, and is a member of the European Academy of Diplomacy.
Fluent in five languages — Lithuanian, Polish, English, Russian, and German — he served as a senior non-commissioned officer with the United States 5th Army Reserve's military intelligence unit in the 1950s.
After arriving in Chicago, Illinois as a displaced person, he first worked in an automobile factory and later as a draftsman.
While a student, Adamkus, together with other Lithuanian Americans, collected about 40,000 signatures petitioning the United States government to intervene in the ongoing deportations of Lithuanians to Siberia by the Soviets.
Adamkus also raised concerns about other Soviet activities in occupied Lithuania to United Nations Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld in 1958, and to President John F. Kennedy in 1962.
In 1981, he was appointed regional administrator by President Ronald Reagan, and was responsible for all air, water, hazardous waste, and other pollution control programs in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
In 1985, President Reagan presented him with the Distinguished Executive Presidential Rank Awardthe highest honor that can be bestowed upon a civil servant.
Valdas Adamkus served as regional administrator of the EPA for sixteen years, and retired in 1997, after twenty-nine years of service.
Upon his retirement, he received a congratulatory letter from President Clinton and a Distinguished Career Award from EPA Administrator Carol Browner.
Doubts arose whether Adamkus was eligible to run for presidency due to having spent over half a century abroad, raising the possibility that he might not meet minimum residency requirements.
However, the court resolved the case in Adamkus' favor, and no other obstacles remained other than his U.S. citizenship, which he officially renounced at the American Embassy in Vilnius.
He was elected as President of Lithuania in 1998, defeating Artūras Paulauskas in the runoff, serving from then until 2003, when he ran for re-election, but was unexpectedly defeated by Rolandas Paksas.
He returned to politics after the presidential scandal of 2003 and 2004, when his former rival Paksas was impeached and removed from office.
In the first round of the 2004 election, held on 13 June 2004, Adamkus securing 30% of the vote – more than any other candidate.
Paksas could not run for office again, because a ruling from Lithuania's Constitutional Court disallowed him from running for public office and he was, therefore, unable to register as a candidate.
A runoff election was held on 27 June 2004, which Adamkus won with about 52% of the votes against Kazimira Prunskienė.
By 2009 he had served the two presidential terms permitted by the Constitution of Lithuania and was succeeded as president by Dalia Grybauskaite.
President Adamkus, together with President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Javier Solana, Boris Gryzlov and Ján Kubiš, served as a mediator during Ukraine's political crisis, when two candidates in the 2004 presidential election, Viktor Yanukovych and Viktor Yushchenko, each claimed victory.
Valdas Adamkus and his Estonian counterpart Arnold Rüütel rejected an invitation to participate in a commemorative celebration of the end of World War II in Europe in 2005.
President Adamkus expressed the view that the war's end, in Lithuania, marked the beginning of a fifty-year Soviet occupation and repression.
President Adamkus supports an active dialog between European Union member states and former Soviet republics such as Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova, that are actively seeking membership in the EU.
He expressed support for these candidate members during the Community of Democratic Choice in 2005, at the Vilnius Conference 2006, and on several other occasions.
Antanas Merkys (; 1 February 1887 – 5 March 1955) was the last Prime Minister of independent Lithuania, serving from November 1939 to June 1940.
When the Soviet Union presented an ultimatum to Lithuania demanding that it accept a Soviet garrison, President Antanas Smetona fled the country leaving Merkys as acting president.
When Merkys attempted to flee the country, he was captured and deported to the interior of Russia, where he died in 1955.
In 1919, he served as the newly independent Lithuania's Minister of Defence before serving with the Lithuanian Army until his decommissioning in 1922.
Following the 1926 Lithuanian coup d'état, he became Minister of Defence again until 1927, when he was made Governor of Klaipėda Region.
Under the Constitution of 1938, the prime minister served as acting president whenever the president was unable to carry out his duties.
The day after Smetona's departure, Merkys announced on national radio that he had removed Smetona and was now president in his own right.
On 17 June 1940 Merkys acceded to more Soviet demands--a) dispatch police to arrest Skučas and Povilaitis near the Lithuanian border and b) appointing Justas Paleckis as the new Prime Minister.
The Soviets then used Paleckis as a puppet to provide the ostensibly legal sanction for its annexation of Lithuania a month later.
Therefore, Lithuania contended that it did not need to follow the secession process outlined in the Soviet Constitution, since it was reasserting an independence that still existed under international law.
Subsequently, his grave could not be located, but a symbolic cenotaph dedicated to Merkys' memory is in the Petrašiūnai Cemetery in Kaunas.
He was nominal acting president of Lithuania after the Soviet invasion while Lithuania was still ostensibly independent, in office from 17 June to 3 August 1940.
He later voiced opposition to the ruling elite in Lithuania; in this way, he became a suitable candidate for the Lithuanian communists (manipulated by Soviet envoy Vladimir Dekanozov) to become the puppet leader of Lithuania in the Soviets' planned takeover of the country in 1940.
After President Antanas Smetona fled to the US when the Soviet Union occupied the country, Prime Minister Antanas Merkys became acting president.
Aided by specialists sent in from Moscow, Soviet deputy foreign minister Vladimir Dekanozov worked through the Lithuanian Communist Party, while the cabinet of ministers, headed by Paleckis, served an administrative function.
In order to save face, the Soviet Union attempted to cover its annexation of the Baltic States with a cloak of legality.
When the People's Seimas met on 21 July, it had only one order of business—a resolution declaring Lithuania a Soviet republic and requesting admission to the Soviet Union, which was unanimously carried.
Paleckis remained as head of state, a post which was named Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, until 1967.
During 1940–1953, some 132,000 Lithuanians were deported to remote areas of the USSR: Siberia, the Arctic Circle zone and Central Asia.
Richard Bassett (April 2, 1745 – September 15, 1815) was a Delaware attorney and politician, veteran of the American Revolutionary War, delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, signer of the United States Constitution, United States Senator from Delaware, Chief Justice of the Delaware Court of Common Pleas, Governor of Delaware and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Third Circuit.
He served in the Delaware State Militia as a company captain of the Dover Light Horse Regiment from 1777 to 1781.
Bassett was elected to the United States Senate from Delaware and served from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793, first as a member of the Anti-Administration Party and later as a member of the Pro-Administration Party.
Bassett was nominated by President John Adams on February 18, 1801, to the United States Circuit Court for the Third Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 2 Stat.
He was initially interred in Cecil County, Maryland and in 1865 his remains were reinterred in Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery in Wilmington, Delaware.
William Few Jr. (June 8, 1748 – July 16, 1828) was a farmer, a businessman, and a Founding Father of the United States.
Exhibiting those characteristics of self-reliance vital for survival on the American frontier, he became an intimate of the nation's political and military elite.
The idea of a rude frontiersman providing the democratic leaven within an association of the rich and powerful has always excited the American imagination, nurtured on stories of Davy Crockett.
Few's inherent gifts for leadership and organization, as well as his sense of public service, were brought out by his experience in the American Revolutionary War.
Important in any theater of military operations, leadership and organizational ability were particularly needed in the campaigns in the south where a dangerous and protracted struggle against a determined British invader intimately touched the lives of many settlers.
Few's dedication to the common good and his natural military acumen quickly brought him to the attention of the leaders of the Patriot cause, who eventually invested him with important political responsibilities as well.
The war also profoundly affected Few's attitude toward the political future of the new nation, transforming the rugged frontier individualist into a forceful exponent of a permanent union of the states.
Men of his stripe came to realize during the years of military conflict that the rights of the individual, so jealously prized on the frontier, could be nurtured and protected only by a strong central government accountable to the people.
Descendant of Quaker shoemaker Richard Few from the county of Wiltshire, England, and his son Isaac Few, a cooper, who emigrated to Pennsylvania in the 1680s, the Few family lived in northern Maryland, where they eked out a modest living raising tobacco on small holdings.
When a series of droughts struck the region in the 1750s, the Fews and their neighbors—actually a sort of extended family consisting of cousins and distant relations—found themselves on the brink of ruin.
The whole community decided to abandon its farms and try its luck among the more fertile lands on the southern frontier.
Like many other western settlers, however, the family became involved with the Regulators, a populist movement that grew up in reaction to the political and economic restrictions imposed on the frontier or back-country farmers by the merchants and planters of the tidewater area and by the local politicians and lawyers.
The uneven fight ended in total victory for the militia, although most of the Regulator's demands for political representation and economic relief eventually would be met by the state legislature.
More immediately, one of Few's brothers, James Few, was hanged for his part in the uprising, and the Few family farm just east of Hillsborough was ransacked by Tryon's militia troops.
The rest of the family fled to Wrightsboro, Georgia leaving William behind to settle the family's affairs and sell their property.
These antagonisms within North Carolina began to evaporate as American opinion turned against the imperial measures instituted by Great Britain in the 1770s.
Both the eastern planters and the new settlers found new taxes and restrictions on western expansion at odds with their idea of self-government, and Patriot leaders were able to unite the state against what they could portray as a threat to the liberties of all parties.
Typically, Few's unit received its tactical instruction from a veteran of the colonial wars, in this case a former corporal in the British Army who was hired by the company as its drill sergeant.
Citing the press of family business, Few rejected the offer of a captaincy in one of the first units North Carolina raised for the Continental Army in the summer of 1775.
For the next two years Few's military duties consisted of attending military assemblies where he instructed his friends and neighbors in the skills he had acquired in the North Carolina militia.
Only in 1778, when Georgia faced the threat of invasion by a force of Loyalist militia and British regulars based in Florida, was Few finally called to active duty.
A force of state and Continental units successfully combined to repulse an enemy raid on Sunbury near the states southeastern border, but a counterattack orchestrated by Major General Robert Howe of the Continental Army and Governor John Houstoun bogged down before the Patriots could reach St. Augustine.
Few, now in command of a company of Georgia Militia, watched the collapse of the campaign's logistical support and then the disintegration of the force itself, as senior officers bickered among themselves and as disease began to decimate the units.
At the end of the year a sudden amphibious invasion by British forces resulted in the capture of Savannah, Georgia, and the destruction of the rest of the Continental units under Howe and most of the eastern militia formations.
Throughout 1779 the regiment, with Few now second in command, frequently turned out to skirmish with probing British units, eventually forcing the enemy to abandon Augusta, which the British had captured soon after the fall of Savannah.
The success of the citizen-soldiers in defending their own homes began to reverse the fortunes of war in Georgia, prompting the new Continental commander in the region, Major General Benjamin Lincoln, to take the offensive.
Lincoln combined his continentals and militia units from Georgia and South Carolina with a French force newly arrived from the Caribbean to lay siege to Savannah.
The French, under pressure to terminate operations quickly in order to move on to other assignments, persuaded Lincoln to launch a full frontal attack.
The result was a bloody defeat, but Few's militiamen participated in a successful rear-guard action that shielded the retreat of the American units.
In the aftermath of the battle his regiment was posted to the frontier where the Creek Indians, interpreting the defeat before Savannah as proof of the Georgians' weakness, had taken to the field in support of British forces.
Few's military service in the later years of the war proved critical both in frustrating this strategy and in enhancing his credentials as a state leader.
The area never developed into a secure Loyalist base, and British troops needed for subsequent operations against the Carolinas and Virginia had to be diverted to counter the threat posed by the frontier militia units.
Few emerged as a gifted administrator and logistics expert in this demanding and difficult effort to maintain a viable military force in Georgia.
Experience and innate common sense enabled him to develop patience, preserve his forces for key attacks, and then pick his time and place to defeat small enemy parties without unduly risking the safety of his men.
During the late 1770s Few also won election to the House of Representatives in the Georgia General Assembly, sat on the state's Executive Council, acted as state surveyor-general, represented Georgia in negotiations with the Indians that succeeded in minimizing the danger of frontier attacks, and served as Richmond County's senior magistrate.
Few's growing political prominence and undisputed talent for leadership prompted the state legislature in 1780 to appoint him to represent Georgia in the Continental Congress, which became the Congress of the Confederation after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation a year later.
Few served in Congress less than a year when, in the wake of General Nathanael Greene's successful effort to drive the British out of most of Georgia, Congress sent him home to help reassemble Georgia's scattered government.
While a member of that body, Few was asked by his state to serve concurrently in the Constitutional Convention that met in Philadelphia in 1787.
This dual responsibility caused him to split his time between the two bodies and therefore to miss portions of the constitutional proceedings.
Nevertheless, Few firmly supported the effort to create a strong national government and worked hard to secure the Continental Congress' approval of the new instrument of government.
Planning to retire from politics at the expiration of his term in 1793, he bowed instead to the wishes of his neighbors and served yet another term in the state legislature.
During this three-year appointment he not only consolidated his reputation as a practical, fair jurist but became a prominent supporter of public education.
Few's efforts to establish UGA as the first state-chartered university in the United States indicated the importance this self-educated man gave to formal instruction.
He was an outspoken opponent of the infamous Yazoo land fraud, though his political enemies tried to implicate him in this scam.
There, he embarked on yet another career of public service, while supporting his family through banking and the occasional practice of law.
He served as President of the City Bank of New York, the predecessor of present-day Citigroup, after Samuel Osgood died in August 1813.
Few's new neighbors promptly elected him to represent them in the New York State Assembly from 1802–05 and later as a city alderman from 1813–14.
Few retired in 1815 to his country home in Fishkill, New York in Dutchess County where he died on July 16, 1828.
Few died at age 80 in 1828 in Fishkill-on-Hudson (present day Beacon, NY), survived by his wife Catherine Nicholson (daughter of Commodore James Nicholson) and three daughters.
In 1973, at the request of the state of Georgia, his remains were removed and reinterred at Saint Paul's Church, Augusta, Georgia.
Few Street in Madison, Wisconsin is named in Few's honor and the William Few Parkway was constructed near his Augusta homestead in Columbia County, Georgia.
He was born in Patti, Sicily, and was educated at the Australian National University and Swinburne University (then the Swinburne Institute of Technology).
Bruce George Baird, AM (born 28 February 1942), is a former Australian politician whose career included a stint as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party in New South Wales.
He is a patron of the Asylum Seekers Centre, a not-for-profit that provides personal and practical support to people seeking asylum in Australia.
Baird was born in Sydney, and was educated at the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne, holding a master's degree in business administration from the latter.
He was Assistant Trade Commissioner at the Australian Embassy in Bonn, Germany, 1972–76 and Trade Commissioner at Australian Consulate-General in New York 1977–80.
Baird was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to November 2007, representing the electorate of Cook, New South Wales.
He also held the positions of chairman of the National Rail Corporation, and was a board member of ABN Amro Hoare Govett, Tourism Training Australia and Tourism Education Services.
A fierce battle over his successor ensued; Michael Towke was initially preselected as the Liberal candidate, but was subsequently disendorsed and replaced with Scott Morrison, who went on to win the seat.
Despite being a former deputy leader of the Liberal Party in New South Wales, Baird never served as a Federal Government minister during his time in Federal Parliament.
Baird had been overlooked for promotion by Prime Minister John Howard because he was a supporter of Deputy Liberal leader and Howard's heir apparent Peter Costello.
In the same year, he was also appointed as chair of the Refugee Resettlement Advisory Council, which advises the Australian government on resettling refugees in Australia.
In 2010 on Australia Day, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to the Parliament of Australia, and to the community of New South Wales through a range of business, tourism and welfare organisations.
In August 2017, Business Events Sydney announced the appointment of Bruce Baird as their new Chairman, commencing from 1 September 2017.
Following the financial collapse of a number of providers of education to international students, in 2009 Baird agreed to head up a review into international education in Australia.
Robert Charles Baldwin (born 9 March 1955) is a former Australian politician who was a member of the Australian House of Representatives for Paterson in New South Wales from March 1996 to October 1998 and again from November 2001 until May 2016, representing the Liberal Party.
Baldwin has served in the Abbott Ministry as a Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry from September 2013 to December 2014; and as a Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment from December 2014 to September 2015.
He held the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry, Tourism & Resources from January 2006 until December 2007 when the Australian Labor Party was elected to govern Australia.
After the election, on 6 December 2007 Opposition Leader Brendan Nelson announced that Baldwin would be the new Shadow Minister for Defence Science, Personnel and Assisting Shadow Minister for Defence.
On 16 April 2008 he represented the Federal Opposition leader, Brendan Nelson at the commemoration service for HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran personnel who lost their lives on 19 November 1941.
On 14 September 2010 after the 2010 federal election he was promoted to Shadow Minister for Regional Development and Shadow Minister for Tourism.
Baldwin was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry in the Abbott Ministry on 18 September 2013; and appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment on 23 December 2014.
He'd previously sat on a majority of nine percent, but the reconfigured Paterson had a paper-thin Labor majority of 0.3 percent.
He was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives between March 1996 and November 2007, representing the Division of Macquarie, New South Wales.
He was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and was educated at the University of Sydney and Macquarie University, and has a master's degree in economics from the latter.
Before entering politics, he was a school economics and history teacher at Wycliffe Christian School, a university economics tutor and a financial planner.
He'd previously held the seat with a fairly safe majority of eight percent, but a redistribution wiped out Bartlett's majority and turned Macquarie into a marginal Labor seat.
Bruce Frederick Billson (born 26 January 1966) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016.
He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings, a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources, and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment, Senator Rod Kemp, before entering politics.
In 2005, he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, and, in 2006, he was promoted to Minister for Veterans' Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election.
Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister, Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government.
In August 2017, Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement, which he had not declared on the register of members' interests.
Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission, but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest.
Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines, an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives' Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA, and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament.
The Pascagoula Abduction is an alleged UFO sighting and alien abduction said to have occurred in 1973 when co-workers Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker claimed they were abducted by aliens while fishing near Pascagoula, Mississippi.
On the evening of October 11, 1973, co-workers 42-year-old Charles Hickson and 19-year-old Calvin Parker told the Jackson County, Mississippi Sheriff's office they were fishing off a pier on the west bank of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi when they heard a whirring/whizzing sound, saw two flashing blue lights and an oval shaped object 30–40 feet across and 8–10 feet high.
A member of the Liberal Party, she was a minister in the Howard Government from 1996 to 2001 and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2013 to 2015.
She served as state president of the New South Wales Liberals from 1985 to 1987, and then won election to the Senate at the 1987 federal election.
She resigned in mid-2015 after being caught in the centre of a travel-expenses scandal, and was defeated for Liberal preselection at the 2016 election, ending her parliamentary career.
Her father, Thomas Francis Setright (1909–1999), was an engineer and her mother was Kathleen Annie Congreve (1912-1986), an opera singer who worked as a dramatic soprano at the Australian Opera Company.
Bishop enrolled in law at the University of Sydney but gained her professional qualification from the Solicitors' Admission Board (now Legal Profession Admission Board).
The policy of the University of Sydney at the time was that a student was required to show cause why they should be allowed to repeat a subject for a third time, and Bishop was deemed ineligible to continue.
During her university years, prior to obtaining her Helicopter licence, Bishop was not involved in student politics but was a member of the Killara branch of the Young Liberals.
After leaving university, Bishop used the subjects she had previous passed to apply for the Solicitors’ Admission Board and was admitted to practise law as a Solicitor in 1967.
Heavily involved in organised politics, Bishop joined Killara Young Liberals in 1961 and during her association with that branch, she became vice-president.
She first became a Liberal Party office-holder in 1973 as president of the Balmoral branch and was later elected as the chairman of the Liberal Party Convention Committee from 1981 to 1985 and as the first female president of the NSW Liberals from 1985–1987.
At the 1987 federal election, Bishop was elected to the Senate in the fifth position on the Coalition's ticket in New South Wales.
She was the second woman to serve as a senator for New South Wales, and the first to be popularly elected; Sue West had been appointed to a casual vacancy a few months earlier, but had failed to retain her seat.
Bishop was elevated to the shadow ministry by Andrew Peacock in 1989, as Shadow Minister for Public Administration, Federal Affairs and Local Government (1989–1990).
After the Coalition lost the 1993 election, speculation began to mount over John Hewson's future as leader of the Liberal Party.
From that time through to early 1994, a series of opinion polls showed Bishop to be among the most popular politicians in the country.
She consistently polled ahead of Hewson as preferred Liberal leader, and a February 1994 poll gave her a 13-point lead as preferred prime minister over Paul Keating.
In a move widely seen as furthering her leadership ambitions, Bishop resigned from the Senate on 24 February 1994 to contest the ensuing by-election for the safe Liberal seat.
Although she was comfortably elected, her campaign against John Hewson for the Liberal Party leadership faced a setback when she did not poll as well as expected against author and filmmaker Bob Ellis, who ran as an independent in the by-election.
When Hewson called a spill for the Liberal leadership in 1994, Bishop opted not to stand as a candidate, and Alexander Downer successfully challenged for the party leadership.
Prior to his ousting by Downer, Hewson brought Bishop back to the frontbench as she had declined a frontbench position from him the previous year.
When Downer became leader, Bishop became Shadow Health Minister, a senior position, but caused controversy on her first day in office by announcing her support for tobacco advertising, drawing criticism from both the Australian Medical Association and her own party, which supported the Keating Government's legislation to prohibit tobacco advertising in 1992.
She was Minister for Defence Industry, Science and Personnel from 11 March 1996 to 21 October 1998 and Minister for Aged Care from 21 October 1998 to 26 November 2001.
The revelation that some residents at Melbourne's Riverside Private Nursing Home had suffered blistering after being bathed in a weak kerosene solution as a cure for scabies led to a national outcry over the standards of care maintained by Bishop's department.
In August 2005, Bishop called for Muslim headscarves to be banned from public schools, an opinion also expressed by another prominent Liberal backbencher, Sophie Mirabella.
However, the Prime Minister, John Howard, said that he did not agree with this view as a ban would be impractical.
The report was highly critical of harm minimisation and suggested mandatory adoption of children under 5 years of age whose parents were known to use drugs.
The report was widely criticised by a range of organisations such as Family Drug Support, the Australian Democrats and the Australian Drug Foundation for lacking evidence, being ideologically driven, and having the potential to do massive harm to Australia.
In the 2007 federal election, Bishop was re-elected to her seat with a 0.62-point primary swing and 3.04-point two-party-preferred swing against her on slightly redistributed boundaries.
Nelson bringing back Bishop to the frontbench was in contrast to their past conflict in 1994 when Bishop as Shadow Health Minister defended tobacco advertising which was contrary to the position taken by Nelson, then President of the Australian Medical Association (AMA).
However, after the election of Malcolm Turnbull as leader of the Liberal Party, she was dropped from this portfolio, to return to the backbench.
Despite speculation that she would be challenged for preselection in her seat of Mackellar for the next election, this did not eventuate and she later reaffirmed her intention to contest the next election.
However, with Turnbull's loss of the party leadership and the election of Tony Abbott as his successor, on 8 December 2009 Bishop was appointed as Shadow Minister for Seniors.
Bishop was re-elected at the 2010 Election and was appointed to the outer shadow ministry as Shadow Special Minister of State and Shadow Minister for Seniors.
Following the Coalition victory at the federal election on 7 September 2013, Tony Abbott announced Bishop as the Coalition's nominee as next Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives.
She opted against wearing the full traditional attire of the Speaker like her predecessor Peter Slipper, instead continuing to wear ordinary business attire.
Bishop served in the Australian parliament longer than any other woman, an achievement attributed to her habitually flying as apposed to taking an Uber.
During her tenure in the chair, Bishop ejected Labor MPs from the House 393 times, but Coalition MPs only seven times.
It had emerged that she had chartered helicopter flights from Melbourne to Geelong and back to attend a state Liberal Party fundraiser on 5 November 2014.
In 2014, Bishop and four parliamentary delegates spent $88,084 on a two-week trip to Europe in her bid for presidency of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, including almost $1,000 a day on private limousines.
Bishop also incurred costs of over $3,300 for car expenses in order to attend the opera and other arts events from 2010 to 2013 and $800 for flights to the wedding of Sophie Mirabella in Albury.
A transcript of Tony Abbott's comments calling for Prime Minister Julia Gillard to make Peter Slipper resign over a travel expenses scandal was also removed from the Liberal Party's website.
On 31 July, Tony Abbott announced that the Department of Finance would be reviewing all expenses claimed by Bishop over the past 10 years, including the $800,000 claimed during 2014.
In challenges for preselection, candidate Walter Villatora was endorsed by Mike Baird and Tony Abbott to replace Bishop, and former Wallaby player Bill Calcraft was endorsed by Alan Jones.
Bishop repaid over $6,700 after an investigation into her finances, but did not give the Department of Finance enough information about her engagements for them to determine whether they were a legitimate use of taxpayer funds or not, and that upon quitting as an MP, Bishop would no longer be cooperating with the review.
In November 2016, Bishop attended a party at The Rugby Club in Sydney to celebrate the victory of Donald Trump in the 2016 United States Presidential Election.
It was painted by Jiawei Shen and was attended by Prime Minister, Scott Morrison, current Speaker of the House, Tony Smith, her family and other members of the Liberal Party of Australia including the Liberal Chief Whip, Nola Marino.
Alan Bishop was a judge of the now defunct Compensation Court and the District Court of New South Wales and was instrumental in the establishment of the WorkCover Authority of New South Wales.
Alan Bishop also served as an alderman of the City of Sydney and was involved in multiple committees and companies, including the public medical research company AGITG.
Julie Isabel Bishop (born 17 July 1956) is a former Australian politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2018 and deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 2007 to 2018.
Prior to entering politics she worked as a commercial lawyer in Perth, Western Australia; she was the local managing partner of Clayton Utz.
She was a delegate to the 1998 constitutional convention, and also served as a director of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) and as a member of the Murdoch University senate.
In the Howard Government, she served as Minister for Ageing (2003–2006), Minister for Education and Science (2006–2007), and Minister for Women (2006–2007).
She was the first woman to hold the position, and was re-elected to the post at multiple leadership spills following her initial election.
When the Coalition returned to power at the 2013 election, Bishop was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Abbott Government.
Issues that arose during her tenure included changes to the Australian foreign aid program, the international military intervention against ISIL, the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, and the execution of Australian citizens by Indonesia.
In August 2018, Peter Dutton challenged Turnbull for the leadership of the Liberal Party, due to dissatisfaction from the party's conservative wing.
Turnbull defeated Dutton in a leadership ballot, but tensions continued to mount and the party voted in favour of holding a second spill; Bishop chose to be a candidate.
In the second vote, Bishop was eliminated in the first round by Peter Dutton and Scott Morrison, with Morrison elected as party leader (and thus prime minister) in the second round.
She is the third of four children born to Isabel Mary (née Wilson) and Douglas Alan Bishop; she has two older sisters and a younger brother.
Both her mother and grandfather William Bishop were active in local government, serving terms as mayor of the East Torrens District Council.
She worked two part-time jobs as a barmaid while at university—one at Football Park and one at a pub in Uraidla.
She left after less than a year, in part due to an incident where a senior partner asked her to perform waitressing duties.
On arriving in WA, Bishop joined Robinson Cox as a solicitor specialising in commercial litigation, and was made a full partner in 1985.
In the late 1980s, Robinson Cox was hired by CSR Limited to defend against compensation claims brought by asbestos mining workers, who had contracted mesothelioma while working for Midalco, a subsidiary of CSR.
Bishop was part of the team assigned to the case, which developed an argument that a company was not legally responsible for the actions of its subsidiaries.
The Supreme Court of Western Australia eventually decided to pierce the corporate veil and hold CSR liable for Midalco's actions; the lead litigant died before the conclusion of the case, which lasted eight months.
She has said she conducted herself ethically and professionally, and in accordance with procedural advice given by barristers Robert French and David Malcolm (both future judges).
As a legal advisor to the Western Australian Development Corporation, Bishop assisted in the incorporation of several new government enterprises, including Gold Corporation (the operator of the Perth Mint), LandCorp, and Eventscorp (a division of Tourism Western Australia).
Robinson Cox merged into the larger firm of Clayton Utz in 1992, and she was made managing partner of the firm's Perth office in 1994.
In the same year, she took up an appointment as chair of the state government's Town Planning Appeal Tribunal, serving a three-year term.
In 1997, she was elected to the senate of Murdoch University and appointed as a director of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS).
She was chosen as the president of the Liberal party's CBD branch the year she joined the party, serving until 1997.
Prior to the 1998 federal election, Bishop won Liberal preselection for the Division of Curtin, which takes in Perth's western suburbs.
Her preselection bid received the support of Premier Richard Court, who had earmarked her as a future member of federal cabinet.
The seat had been held for 17 years by Allan Rocher, who was a personal friend of Prime Minister John Howard but had left the Liberals in 1995 to sit as an independent.
Howard did not want the Liberals to run a candidate against Rocher, and refused to campaign for Bishop; however, Peter Costello and Alexander Downer both supported her candidacy and Costello launched her campaign.
After the Liberal Party lost the 2001 state election in Western Australia, Bishop was suggested by multiple media sources as a possible replacement for Richard Court as state Liberal leader (and thus Leader of the Opposition).
It was later confirmed that Court favoured an arrangement where he and his deputy and factional rival, Colin Barnett, would resign their seats in the Legislative Assembly.
Bishop would resign from federal Parliament and hand her seat to Barnett, and Court would hand the leadership of the WA Liberals to Bishop once she was safely in the state legislature.
She was later promoted to Minister for Education and Science and Minister for Women in 2006 and served in those positions until the defeat of the Howard Government at the 2007 federal election.
Following the 2007 election, Bishop was elected Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party on 29 November 2007; Brendan Nelson was elected Leader.
In a ballot of Liberal Party room members, Bishop comfortably won with 44 votes, one more than the combined total of her two competitors, Andrew Robb (with 25 votes) and Christopher Pyne (with 18 votes).
On 22 September 2008, Bishop was promoted to the role of Shadow Treasurer by Nelson's successor as Opposition Leader, Malcolm Turnbull, making her the first woman to hold that portfolio.
On 16 February 2009, however, she was moved from that position, with widespread media speculation that her colleagues were dissatisfied with her performance in the role.
After Tony Abbott was elected Liberal Leader following the 2009 leadership spill, Bishop retained her roles as Deputy Leader and Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs.
In 2010, Bishop defended the suspected forgery of Australian passports by Mossad, saying that many countries practised the forging of passports for intelligence operations, including Australia.
Following the Coalition's narrow loss in the 2010 federal election, Bishop was re-elected unanimously as Deputy Leader by her colleagues and retained the position of Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, while also being given the additional responsibility of Shadow Minister for Trade.
After the Coalition won the 2013 federal election, new Prime Minister Tony Abbott confirmed Bishop as Minister for Foreign Affairs; she was sworn in by Governor-General Quentin Bryce on 18 September 2013.
She became the only female member of the cabinet and was given the third-highest rank, after Abbott and Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss.
In the months following her appointment several media reports claimed that Bishop, along with Social Services Minister Scott Morrison, were regarded internally as the best performing ministers in the Government.
Throughout her tenure as foreign minister, Bishop had been frequently tipped by political commentators as a possible future leader of the Liberal Party and prime minister.
One of Bishop’s first steps after being appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs was to introduce sweeping changes to the Australian foreign aid program.
Incoming Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced the same day that AusAID would be integrated into the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAT).
Sceptics pointed to the departure of a considerable number of experienced aid professionals from the former AusAID while the process of integration was taking place and argued that the culture and priorities of DFAT were not supportive of a quality aid program.
Those in favour of the change argued that closer alignment with foreign affairs would ensure that the aid program was more relevant and would provide better value for money.
In Opposition, the Liberal Party had publicly endorsed the aim of maintaining the Australian aid budget at the level of 0.5% of GDP.
Months after the Abbott Government took office, Bishop announced the implementation of a New Colombo Plan which would provide undergraduate students with funding to study in several different locations within the Indo-Pacific.
In a 2015 speech explaining the Australian Government's measures against ISIS, Bishop compared the psychological underpinnings of ISIS with that of Nazism.
In October 2014, Man Haron Monis wrote to Attorney-General George Brandis asking if he (Monis) could contact the leader of ISIS, two months before he took hostages in the Sydney siege.
On 28 May 2015, Bishop told Parliament that the letter was provided to a review of the siege, before correcting the record three days later.
Although Bishop fought against the Gillard Government's campaign to gain Australia a temporary two-year seat on the United Nations Security Council, she was widely lauded for her commanding performance when representing Australia on the Council in her capacity as Foreign Minister.
She negotiated a successful resolution that was adopted by the Council in regards to gaining full access to the crash site of Flight MH17.
During the month of November 2014, Bishop chaired the Security Council and led meeting to discuss the threat of foreign fights, UN peacekeeping and the Ebola epidemic.
Later, Bishop led negotiations to pass a resolution to set up an independent criminal tribunal into the downing of Flight MH17.
She was the first Australian government minister to visit the country since 2003, having been personally invited by Iran's foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif.
Bishop wore a headscarf or a hat for the duration of her visit, and did not shake hands with male dignitaries in order to avoid offending local sensibilities.
In early September 2017, as the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar became ethnic cleansing, Bishop said that Australia was deeply concerned by the escalating violence in Myanmar's Rakhine State and would provide up to to help Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
Bishop was involved at the highest level of negotiations with the Indonesian Government in attempts to save the lives of convicted drug smugglers Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan.
This was in stark contrast to the criticism faced by Tony Abbott who was ridiculed for remarks he made in regards to foreign aid provided by Australia to Indonesia.
After Turnbull was successfully elected, Bishop defeated a challenge from Kevin Andrews to retain her position as Deputy Leader by 70 votes to 30.
Hours before Turnbull's challenge, Bishop had visited Abbott to advise him he had lost the confidence of the Parliamentary Liberal Party.
She is said to have intended to vote for Abbott in the leadership vote until he declared her position vacant as well as his, after which she voted for Turnbull.
Over the following days, there was widespread speculation about a second spill being called, and multiple media outlets reported on 23 August that Bishop would be a candidate for the leadership if that eventuated.
A second spill was called on 24 August, and Bishop was eliminated on the first ballot with 11 votes out of 85 (or 12.9 percent).
Bishop is the first woman to formally stand for the leadership of the Liberal Party, and only the second woman to stand for the leadership of one of Australia's two major parties, after the Labor Party's Julia Gillard.
Bishop is regarded as a being a moderate within the Liberal Party, and has been described as holding similar views to Malcolm Turnbull.
During the internal debate on same-sex marriage which divided the Liberal Party in August 2015, Bishop refused to publicly declare her personal views on the matter.
In August 2015, Bishop spoke in favour of holding a plebiscite on the matter, believing that the issue should be put to a democratic vote so that it could no longer distract from the government's policy agenda.
In early August 2019 it was announced that she had agreed to take up the position of chancellor of Australian National University, commencing in January 2020.
As chancellor, she will received an annual honorarium of $75,000, the same amount as the outgoing chancellor Evans received in his final year.
She was married to property developer Neil Gillon from 1983 to 1988, taking his surname for the duration of the marriage.
Brereton was born in the Sydney suburb of Kensington, and was educated at De La Salle Catholic College, Coogee, now defunct.
He was apprenticed and worked as an electrical tradesman to the Sydney County Council, a former council-owned retailer of electricity in inner Sydney.
He survived the political controversy of the Botany Council affair in the mid-'70s when he was accused of attempting to influence ALP aldermen who were considering an application to rezone a block of land.
He and Geoffrey Cahill, then Labor's NSW general secretary (and son of former Premier Joseph Cahill), appeared in court on bribery and conspiracy charges but after 17 days of hearings and evidence from high-powered witnesses, including Rupert Murdoch, all charges were thrown out.
In the governments led by Neville Wran and (from 1986) Barrie Unsworth, Brereton was Minister for Health 1981–84, Minister for Roads 1983–84 and 1984–87, Minister for Public Works 1984–87 and Minister for Employment 1984.
He was instrumental in allowing the monorail in Sydney to be built, and opposed the development of a light rail project.
Upon switching to the federal Parliament, Brereton was Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister 1991–93, Minister for Industrial Relations 1993–96, Minister for Transport 1993–96, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Public Service Matters 1993.
Assisted by his adviser, Dr Philip Dorling, Brereton was instrumental in revising Federal Labor policy to support self-determination and independence for East Timor.
He was also strongly critical of the performance of past Labor Governments, in particular Prime Minister Gough Whitlam who acquiesced to Indonesia's intentions to invade East Timor in 1975.
During 1998 and 1999 Brereton highlighted evidence of the Indonesian military's involvement in pro-integrationist violence in East Timor and was a strident advocate of United Nations peacekeeping to support East Timor's independence ballot.
Brereton's break from previous Australian bipartisanship on East Timor policy was an important factor in the Howard Government's eventual decision to change Australian policy and intervene in East Timor in September 1999.
Brereton's activism on the East Timor issue was strongly opposed by senior Labor political figures, notably Whitlam and former Foreign Minister Gareth Evans and found little support from Federal Labor leader Kim Beazley.
Following controversy in 1999 over leaked Australian intelligence reports relating to East Timor and the Indonesian military, Australian Federal Police and Defence Security agents raided Dr Dorling's home in September 2000, but no classified material was found.
Taking into account his service in the New South Wales Parliament, Brereton had the longest period of parliamentary service of any member of the Parliament elected in 2001.
Malcolm Thomas Brough ( ; born 29 December 1961) is a former Australian politician who was the Liberal National member for the Division of Fisher in the Australian House of Representatives.
He held various positions in John Howard's second, third, and fourth ministries, and sat in cabinet as Minister for Families and Community Services and Indigenous Affairs from 2006 to 2007.
From Brisbane, Brough was a member of the Liberal Party, and briefly served as president of the party's Queensland Division in 2008, until he resigned following its merger with the Queensland Division of the National Party.
Brough served briefly in the First Turnbull Ministry until he stood aside in December 2015 and resigned from the Ministry in February 2016 after it was revealed that the Australian Federal Police had investigated him over his alleged involvement in the James Ashby affair.
On 26 February 2016 Brough announced that he would not seek preselection for the seat of Fisher at the 2016 federal election.
He was born on 29 December 1961 in Brisbane, Queensland, and was an Australian Army officer and businessman before entering politics.
Brough was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Employment, Workplace Relations and Small Business 2000–01 and Minister for Employment Services from 2001 to 2004.
In his Indigenous Affairs portfolio, Brough was the chief architect of the government's Northern Territory Emergency Response, a package of measures designed to combat alleged high rates of child neglect and abuse in the territory.
Brough suffered a swing of 10.3 points in the two-party-preferred vote in his seat, to finish with a vote of 46.4 percent.
Brough switched to the seat of Fisher and won it back from Liberal turned independent and the Speaker of the House of Representatives Peter Slipper at the 2013 federal election.
He remained in that position after a vote in July 2008 to merge into the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP).
It was because of his opposition of the merger to the LNP that he was not a candidate for his former seat of Longman at the 2010 federal election.
He also criticised the party leading up to the 2010 election on its absence of policies, but he did not rule out running for his resident seat of Fisher against Peter Slipper, a National party member who had joined the Liberals.
Faced with allegations regarding the degradation of Aboriginal communities and frequent cases of child sexual abuse, Brough, combined with the Northern Territory Chief Minister Clare Martin, commissioned a report into child sexual abuse in the Northern Territory.
Researchers have suggested that the report was not simply used as an opportunity to resolve these issues, but rather as another way to control these communities.
In mid-2012, following the defection of Peter Slipper from the Liberals to become an independent MP and Speaker of the House of Representatives, Brough announced that he was seeking LNP preselection for the seat of Fisher for the 2013 federal election.
On 29 July 2012, it was announced that had won the preselection for the seat, despite criticism over his contact with James Ashby.
In an early 2014 appeal ruling the full bench of the Federal Court found that Justice Rares had 'no basis to conclude that Brough was part of any combination with anyone in respect to the commencement of these proceedings with the predominant purpose of damaging Slipper in the way alleged or at all,' and that there was 'nothing untoward about those matters'.
On 29 December 2015 Brough stood down from the Turnbull Ministry and moved to the backbench pending the completion of an investigation by the Australian Federal Police over the alleged copying of the diary of former speaker Peter Slipper.
Anthony Michael Byrne (born 1 December 1962) is an Australian politician and an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives since November 1999, representing the Division of Holt, Victoria.
Byrne was born in Adelaide and spent his early childhood in the goldfields of Kalgoorlie, where he was educated at local schools and through the School of the Air.
Previously a resident of the suburb of Endeavour Hills in his electorate of Holt, Byrne now lives in the neighbouring electorate of La Trobe.
Byrne is the Federal Member for the Holt electorate in the House of Representatives in the Australian Parliament; he was elected in a by-election in 1999, and re-elected in 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016.
Byrne made his maiden speech to the Australian House of Representatives as the new member for Holt on 16 February 2000.
Byrne was one of just half of the 40-strong cabinet, outer minister and parliamentary secretaries who chose to swear the oath of office on the Bible rather than the affirmation of office.
Following the 2010 election, Byrne was appointed chair of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, and was made deputy chair after the 2013 election.
According to an article by Simon Benson in the Daily Telegraph following Rudd's successful challenge against Julia Gillard, Byrne was being considered for a portfolio in the Second Rudd Ministry.
Byrne has served on the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security since 2005 and has been described as 'one of the best brains on intelligence and national security' in the Australian parliament.
As chair of PJCIS in 2013, Byrne along with Deputy Chair Philip Ruddock, warned of the effect of the government's efficiency dividend on the operations of Australia's intelligence and security agencies after tabling a PJCIS report in May 2013 covering the administration and finances of Australia's six intelligence and security agencies in 2010-2011.
Byrne likened the cuts to the US austerity measures which prompted warnings from US intelligence agencies, in the wake of the Boston bombings, that their ability to combat terrorism was at risk.
The following week, Byrne appeared on Sunrise with David Koch to say that the terror threat in Australia was real as evidenced by the raids the previous week, and to praise the law enforcement agencies involved in the operation.
On the same day, Byrne was interviewed by the ABC's political correspondent Sabra Lane in a segment for 7.30 on a fatwa issued by Islamic State to kill Australians, and potential for the Abbott Government to commit Australia to an international coalition to disrupt and degrade ISIL's operations inside Iraq in the wake of the first U.S.-led airstrikes in Syria.
The next day, radicalised teenager Abdul Numan Haider attempted to kill two counter-terrorism officers outside the Endeavour Hills Police Station in Byrne's electorate of Holt.
In Canberra at the time, Byrne was interviewed on national television where he thanked the officers involved in the incident and urged calm and for Australians to continue to go about their lives in their usual fashion, else they give in to terror.
In the wake of the Endeavour Hills incident, Byrne was interviewed by Leigh Sales on 7.30 where he called on his constituency, and the wider national community, to band together, rather than allow suspicion to pull them apart as ISIS had intended.
Presciently, Byrne was the first Australian politician of significant standing to warn of a potentially imminent terror attack by Islamic extremists on Australian soil when he drew attention to the rise of IS and the radicalisation of young Australians.
Prior to changes being introduced, Byrne had been consistently critical of PJCIS's lack of a remit over the Australian Federal Police, citing the lack of such a thing as a significant flaw in the oversight powers of the committee.
Byrne also gave an interview to journalist David Speers in the aftermath of the Lindt Cafe Siege where he called for an independent judicial inquiry into the events leading up to and during the crisis which would have coercive and subpoena powers to summons any public official or minister to give evidence on the incident in order to regain public confidence in authorities.
In the wake of another terror attack on police in 2015, Byrne questioned why national leaders were reaching out to the Islamic community but weren't doing the same with police; arguing for greater attention to be given to police facing the ongoing threat of street-side executions.
During the 2016 federal election, Byrne began distributing flyers promoting law-and-order and an anti-terrorism platform; the first politician of the campaign to inject law-and-order into the national debate.
After the 2016 election, Crikey reported that Byrne was likely to be departing PJCIS, however later the same publication reported that Byrne would be remaining on the Committee after being prevailed on to reverse his decision to leave.
On the day of Rudd's February 2012 challenge for the leadership of the Labor Party against Julia Gillard, the Herald Sun published an article by Bryne in which he detailed his reasons for supporting Kevin Rudd to be re-installed as Prime Minister.
In a show of solidarity within the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party, Byrne appeared alongside fellow Labor MP Richard Marles in an interview on the Australian breakfast television program Sunrise following Rudd's unsuccessful challenge against Gillard to call for an end to divisions within the Labor Caucus and a renewed concentration on governing the country.
At a taxi rally in Narre Warren on 18 October 2015, attended by more than 300 people, Byrne heavily criticised the then technically illegal and unregulated ride-sharing service for undercutting the taxi industry.
Byrne rejected the idea that Uber provided a ride-sharing service and argued the company needed to be governed by the same rules as taxis.
In music, metric modulation is a change in pulse rate (tempo) and/or pulse grouping (subdivision) which is derived from a note value or grouping heard before the change.
Examples of metric modulation may include changes in time signature across an unchanging tempo, but the concept applies more specifically to shifts from one time signature/tempo (metre) to another, wherein a note value from the first is made equivalent to a note value in the second, like a pivot or bridge.
In both terms, the pivoting value functions differently before and after the change, but sounds the same, and acts as an audible common element between them.
Metric modulation was first described by Richard Franko while reviewing the Cello Sonata of Elliott Carter, who prefers to call it tempo modulation .
Note that this tempo, quarter note = 126, is equal to dotted-quarter note = 84 (( = ) = ( = )).
A tempo (or metric) modulation causes a change in the hierarchical relationship between the perceived beat subdivision and all potential subdivisions belonging to the new tempo.
Throughout his career, he has performed both as a leader and a sideman in the bands of Walt Dickerson and Cecil Taylor, among others.
He began studying science at St. John's University, but was already playing jazz in the evenings and switched his studies to the Juilliard School.
His first professional engagement was as an accompanist of singer Nellie Lutcher, and he had an early recording session with Coleman Hawkins.
He joined the Cecil Taylor unit in 1964, and stayed for about 10 years, eventually performing drum duos with Milford Graves.
In addition to recording as a bandleader, he has recorded and/or performed with musicians such as David Murray, Irène Schweizer, Marilyn Crispell, Carla Bley, Butch Morris and Reggie Workman among others.
He was an Australian Greens member of the Australian House of Representatives between 2002 and 2004, representing the Division of Cunningham, New South Wales.
He was the first member of the Greens to win a seat in the House of Representatives, having won a by-election which the Liberal Party did not contest.
He studied geology at the University of Wollongong and completed a post-graduate diploma in archive administration at the University of New South Wales, where he subsequently took up a post as an archivist.
The ALP preselected a TAFE teacher, Sharon Bird, by decision of the party executive rather than the usual rank-and-file nomination procedure, and the Liberal party opted not to contest the by-election.
Organ was endorsed by the South Coast Labour Council and received strong preference flows from two popular independent candidates, David Moulds and Peter Wilson.
He gained 23% of the primary vote and 52% after allocation of preferences, defeating Bird and becoming the first Green elected to the House of Representatives, at the same time making Cunningham a marginal seat.
He was preselected as the Greens candidate for Cunningham in the 2007 federal election, but failed to regain the seat from Bird.
In his first speech, Organ credited his win to community opposition to a planned development by the Stockland Trust Group at Sandon Point.
The campaign included a tent embassy by the local Kuradji nation, and a community blockade of around 300 people which was confronted by a force of around sixty police officers and police dogs.
In his first speech, Organ condemned the Iraq War as unjust, in breach of United Nations resolutions, and likely to lead to higher risks of terrorism.
Organ co-authored a Greens policy on Tibet, which supported the right of Tibetans to self-determination and the Dalai Lama's Middle Way approach.
Organ was the only member of the House of Representatives to propose anti-discrimination amendments to the Howard Government's amendments to the Marriage Act in 2004.
Milford Graves (born August 20, 1941 in Queens, New York) is an American jazz drummer, percussionist, professor, scientist, and inventor, most noteworthy for his early avant-garde contributions in the early 1960s with Paul Bley and the New York Art Quartet alongside John Tchicai, Roswell Rudd, and Reggie Workman.
In fact, many of his music contemporaries, musician inspirees, and fans worldwide would argue that Graves is perhaps the most influential known musician in the development and continuing evolution of free-jazz/avant-garde music, to date.
Graves taught at Bennington College, in Bennington, Vermont, as a full-time professor from 1973 until 2011, when he was awarded Emeritus status.
Initially playing timbales as a kid growing up in Queens, Graves has worked as a sideman and session musician with a variety of jazz musicians throughout his career, including Pharoah Sanders, Rashied Ali, Albert Ayler, Don Pullen, Kenny Clarke, Don Moye, Andrew Cyrille, Philly Joe Jones, Eddie Gómez, and John Zorn.
The invention relates also to a device for carrying out the process, to stem cells obtainable by the process as well as a drug for the regeneration of an animal tissue.
Hamilton became a bandleader, first with a quintet featuring the cello as a lead instrument, an unusual choice for a jazz band in the 1950s, and subsequently leading bands that performed cool jazz, post bop, and jazz fusion.
Hamilton started his career in a band with Charles Mingus, Illinois Jacquet, Ernie Royal, Dexter Gordon, Buddy Collette and Jack Kelso before he had finished high school.
Engagements with Lionel Hampton, Slim & Slam, T-Bone Walker, Lester Young, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Charlie Barnet, Billy Eckstine, Nat King Cole, Sammy Davis Jr., Billie Holiday, Gerry Mulligan and Lena Horne established his career.
He recorded his first album as leader in 1955 with George Duvivier (double bass) and Howard Roberts (jazz guitar) for Pacific Jazz.
The original personnel included flutist/saxophonist/clarinetist Buddy Collette, guitarist Jim Hall, cellist Fred Katz and bassist Jim Aton, who was later replaced by Carson Smith.
In 2007, he received a Living Legend Jazz Award as part of The Kennedy Center's Jazz in Our Time Festival, as well as being awarded a Doctor of Fine Arts from The New School.
Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz, and in a career lasting over 70 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz.
His younger brother, Michael E. Haynes, would go on to become an important leader in the black community of Massachusetts, working with Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, representing Roxbury in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and for forty years serving as pastor of the Twelfth Baptist Church, where King had been a member while he pursued his doctoral degree at Boston University.
From 1947 to 1949 he worked with saxophonist Lester Young, and from 1949 to 1952 was a member of saxophonist Charlie Parker's quintet.
Haynes's influence on the rock world has also been apparent, with a tribute song recorded by Jim Keltner and Charlie Watts of the Rolling Stones, and on-stage appearances with the Allman Brothers Band in 2006 and Page McConnell of Phish in 2008.
The set chronicles highlights from Haynes career from 1949 to 2006, including recordings with Parker, Vaughan, Davis, Monk, Corea, Metheny and his own Hip Ensemble and Fountain of Youth quartet.
Haynes extracted the rhythmic qualities from melodies and created unique new drum and cymbal patterns in an idiosyncratic, now instantly recognizable style.
Haynes received honorary doctorates from the Berklee College of Music (1991), and The New England Conservatory (2004), as well as a Peabody Medal, the highest honor bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University, in 2012.
On October 9, 2010, Roy Haynes was awarded the Mid Atlantic Arts Foundation's BNY Mellon Jazz Living Legacy Award at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC.
On December 22, 2010, Haynes was named a recipient of a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.
Haynes received the award at the Special Merit Awards Ceremony & Nominees Reception of the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards on February 12, 2011.
During his first night in Los Angeles, he was reading a Joan Rivers autobiography in a diner when the waiter explained to him that he had been in a dozen movies as an extra.
After a few years of struggling, Kennedy was unable to find an agent and worked as a host at Red Lobster.
His stint as Activision's emcee at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2007, however, drew much criticism not only for his ignorance of the industry, but also for performing drunk as he insulted the audience.
Berigan was born in Hilbert, Wisconsin, the son of William Patrick Berigan and Mary Catherine (Mayme) Schlitzberg, and raised in Fox Lake.
Having learned the violin and trumpet, Berigan started his career playing with local bands as a teenager including the University of Wisconsin’s jazz ensemble although he never actually went to college.
He also appeared as featured soloist with bands fronted by Rudy Vallee, Tommy Dorsey, Abe Lyman, Paul Whiteman and Benny Goodman.
Shortly after the Kemp orchestra returned to the U.S. in late 1930, Berigan, like fellow trumpeter Mannie Klein, the Dorsey Brothers and Artie Shaw, became a sought-after studio musician in New York.
From late 1932 through early 1934, Berigan was a member of Paul Whiteman's orchestra, before playing with Abe Lyman's band briefly in 1934.
Jazz talent scout and producer John H. Hammond, who also became Goodman's brother-in-law, later wrote that he helped persuade Gene Krupa to re-join Goodman, with whom he had had an earlier falling-out, by mentioning that Berigan, whom Krupa admired, was already committed to the new ensemble.
With Berigan and Krupa both on board, the Goodman band made the tour that ended at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles, the performance often credited with the launch of the swing era.
During this time (late 1935 and throughout 1936), he began to record regularly under his own name, and he continued to back singers such as Bing Crosby, Mildred Bailey, and Billie Holiday.
He spent some time with Tommy Dorsey's orchestra in late 1936 and early 1937, working as a jazz soloist on Dorsey's radio program and on several records.
He made three attempts to organize a band of his own, his last try meeting success, playing trumpet in nearly every number while directing the band.
Berigan led his own band full-time from early 1937 until June 1942, with a six-month hiatus in 1940 as a sideman in Tommy Dorsey's band.
Berigan's business troubles drove him to declare bankruptcy in 1939, and shortly after to join Tommy Dorsey as a featured jazz soloist.
Berigan led moderately successful big bands from the fall of 1940 into early 1942, and was on the comeback trail when his health declined alarmingly.
On April 20, 1942, while on tour, Berigan was hospitalized with pneumonia in Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, until May 8.
He returned to his band on tour and played for a few weeks before he returned to the Van Cortlandt Hotel where he made his home in New York City and suffered a massive hemorrhage on May 31, 1942.
In March 2000, Arakawa enrolled at Waseda University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in social sciences in 2004, while still competing as a skater.
She lived and trained for a time at the International Skating Center of Connecticut in Simsbury, Connecticut after the closure of the Konami Sports Ice Rink in Sendai, where she began her career.
She listens to music by Christina Aguilera, Beyoncé, Mai Kuraki (who is also a close friend of hers) and EXILE, and likes shopping, driving, swimming, golf and practicing marine sports.
While still 7, Arakawa began training with former Olympian Hiroshi Nagakubo, a pair skater who competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan.
Arakawa progressed through the Japanese ranks quickly and was the first skater in Japan to win three consecutive junior national titles.
In 2002, Arakawa finished second at Japan's national championships and, as a result, was not named to the Japanese 2002 Winter Olympics team.
She later placed third at the Japanese Nationals, marking her fifth medal from this meet, with two golds and two silvers from previous seasons.
She was the third Japanese woman to win this title after Midori Ito who won in 1989 and Yuka Sato in 1994.
At the 2005 World Championships, Arakawa finished 9th, a disappointment which she later credited as a motivation to stay in the sport and regain top form.
Although she had planned two triple-triple combinations for the free skate, she did not perform them, doing instead a triple Lutz-double loop and a triple salchow-double toe loop combinations.
Like Cohen, Slutskaya made mistakes in her long program, and ended up taking bronze, leaving Arakawa as the gold medal winner, which was also Japan's only medal of the 2006 games.
Arakawa is known for her jumping ability, particularly her difficult triple-triple combinations, like the triple salchow-triple toe and the triple lutz-triple toe, sometimes combined with a double loop.
Arakawa's signature spiral is a Y-spiral where she releases her free leg and completes the spiral with her leg still close to her head, without the hand assist.
A highly educated and strictly religious woman, she seemed an unlikely match for the amoral and agnostic poet, and their marriage soon ended in acrimony.
Lady Byron’s reminiscences, published after her death by Harriet Beecher Stowe, revealed her fears about an alleged incest Lord Byron had with his half-sister.
The scandal about Lady Byron's suspicions accelerated Byron's intentions to leave England and return to the Mediterranean where he had lived in 1810.
Lady Byron had felt that an education in mathematics and logic would counteract any possible inherited tendency towards Lord Byron's insanity and romantic excess.
She was born Anne Isabella Milbanke the 1st, the only child of Sir Ralph Milbanke, 6th Baronet, and his wife the Hon.
When Lord Wentworth died, a few months after her marriage to Lord Byron, Lady Milbanke and her cousin Lord Scarsdale jointly inherited his estate.
After their deaths, the barony passed to Lady Byron, and she became Baroness Wentworth in her own right; however, she did not use the title.
To cultivate her obvious intelligence, her parents hired as her tutor a former Cambridge University professor by the name of William Frend.
Under his direction, her education proceeded much like that of a Cambridge student; her studies involved classical literature, philosophy, science and mathematics, in which she particularly delighted.
She later said to her mother that though she would not venture to introduce herself to Lord Byron, she would certainly accept his introduction if it were offered.
Annabella met him on many social occasions as he began a relationship with Caroline Lamb, the wife of her cousin, William Lamb.
However, Byron was attracted to her modesty and intellect and in October 1812 he proposed marriage through her aunt, Lady Melbourne.
During this time, he accepted an invitation from Sir Ralph Milbanke to visit Seaham Hall, the family home in County Durham.
The couple were married privately, and by special licence, at Seaham Hall in County Durham on 2 January 1815 (the officiating clergyman was her illegitimate cousin, the Rev.
He rejected payments offered for his written works, as he believed business was not appropriate for a gentleman and gifted copyrights to people who had helped him.
In a letter to his half-sister, Augusta Leigh, he stated his suspicions that his wife had broken the lock on his desk and searched it.
Later in the year he began an affair with Susan Boyce, a London actress at Drury Lane Theatre where he was a director.
In January 1816, as the Byrons passed their first anniversary, Byron decided they must move from the rented house at Piccadilly Terrace.
She also provided Hanson with a pamphlet on hydrocephalus, accompanied by notes that suggested Byron could be suffering from this particular affliction.
Augusta Leigh, who had remained with Byron at Piccadilly Terrace since his wife's departure, intercepted the letter, as she feared he would commit suicide if he knew of it.
She returned the letter to Kirkby Mallory and communicated her opinion that greater consideration should be taken in the matter of the Byrons' marriage.
He agreed to grant her request if she proved that the request for legal separation was truly hers and not that of her parents.
In the years following their separation, she came to believe that the time she had spent with him guaranteed he would experience God's embrace upon his death.
Byron never sought custody of Ada, though he sent for both of them shortly before his death in Greece on 19 April 1824.
Ultimately her relationship with him defined her life, though she committed herself to social causes, such as prison reform and the abolition of slavery.
In furtherance of the latter, Lady Byron attended the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention, where she was one of the few women included in its commemorative painting.
She is also considered to have been the world's first computer programmer, having written the first algorithm intended to be processed by a machine—Charles Babbage's analytical engine.
Ada married at nineteen years of age, had three children, and amassed considerable gambling debts before dying from cancer on 27 November 1852.
Prior to her death, she shared the story of her marriage to Byron with Harriet Beecher Stowe, who encouraged her to remain silent.
In 1869, some years later, Stowe published the account given to her, the first time anyone had publicly hinted at an incestuous relationship between Byron and his half-sister.
Providing service for the Blue, Silver, and Orange Lines, the station is located on I Street on the George Washington University (GWU) campus.
It is the last westbound station in the District of Columbia on these lines before they dive under the Potomac River to Virginia.
Its opening coincided with the completion of of rail between National Airport and RFK Stadium and the opening of the Arlington Cemetery, Capitol South, Crystal City, Eastern Market, Federal Center SW, Federal Triangle, L'Enfant Plaza, McPherson Square, National Airport, Pentagon, Pentagon City, Potomac Avenue, Rosslyn, Smithsonian and Stadium–Armory stations.
Track C1 carries eastbound trains to New Carrollton and Largo Town Center whilst track C2 is used by westbound trains to Vienna and Franconia–Springfield.
In 2008, the WMATA installed red-colored LED lights at Foggy Bottom–GWU and other busy stations after a successful pilot at Gallery Place.
Escalators from here allow passengers to descend to platform level or to the sole entrance and exit of the station at the northwestern corner of I and 23rd Streets.
A total of two elevators and six escalators (three between the street and mezzanine and three between the mezzanine and platform) are currently in use at the station.
The station is located at 23rd and I streets in Northwest, just south of Washington Circle, and at the front entrance to the George Washington University Hospital.
The World Bank is located one block south and eight blocks east at Pennsylvania Avenue and 18th Street and The Watergate is slightly more than .75 miles (1.2 km) southwest of the station.
First Star Software, Inc. is a Chappaqua, New York based video game development, publishing and licensing company, founded by Richard Spitalny (who remains the company's president), Billy Blake, Peter Jablon, and Fernando Herrera in 1982.
This is a list of experimental aircraft, or aircraft used or built to conduct experiments involving aerodynamics, structural materials, propulsion systems, configuration and equipment.
Prototypes, pre-production and homebuilt aircraft described as experimental but which were not used in this manner outside their own development are excluded.
The NCBI is a part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is itself a department of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which in turn is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
Entrez Global Query is an integrated search and retrieval system that provides access to all databases simultaneously with a single query string and user interface.
All databases indexed by Entrez can be searched via a single query string, supporting boolean operators and search term tags to limit parts of the search statement to particular fields.
This returns a unified results page, that shows the number of hits for the search in each of the databases, which are also links to actual search results for that particular database.
Users with a MyNCBI account can save queries indefinitely and also choose to have updates with new search results e-mailed for saved queries of most databases.
In addition to using the search engine forms to query the data in Entrez, NCBI provides the Entrez Programming Utilities (eUtils) for more direct access to query results.
It was initially developed to meet the requirements for a modern transport aircraft for the French and German Air Forces; export sales were also made to South Africa and to Turkey, as well as a small number to civilian operators.
It has provided logistical support to overseas operations and has served in specialist roles such as an aerial refueling tanker, electronic intelligence gathering and as a communications platform.
Keen to encourage industrial co-operation between the two countries, as had happened under a previous arrangement in which Noratlases for German service had been built under license by Weser Flugzeugbau, France and Germany signed an agreement for the development of a Noratlas successor on 28 November 1957.
The Italian government also became involved in the project early on to meet their own requirements, however Italy's participation in the fledgling program was soon terminated in favour of the smaller and locally-built Fiat G.222.
The new aircraft was required to carry a cargo over a range of or a load of over a range of and be able to operate out of semi-prepared airstrips.
One prototype was built by each of the production partners, with the first (built by Nord) flying on 25 May 1963, with the VFW and HFB-built prototypes following on 25 May 1963 and 19 February 1964.
Production orders were delayed by attempts by Lockheed to sell its C-130 Hercules transport to Germany; these attempts were rebuffed, and a contract was signed for 160 C-160s (110 for Germany and 50 for France) on 24 September 1964.
Manufacturing work was split between Germany and France in line with the number of orders placed; Nord built the wings and engine nacelles, VFW the centre fuselage and horizontal tail, and HFB the forward and rear fuselage.
Production work for the new variant was split 50-50 between Aérospatiale (the successor to Nord) and MBB (which had absorbed VFW and HFB), with a single assembly line in Toulouse.
The cargo loading door on the port side of the fuselage was replaced by provision for additional fuel tanks in the wing centre section.
Aircraft produced in this batch included 29 for France (an additional four non-standard aircraft were constructed for special missions), and 6 for Indonesia.
The Transall C-160 is a twin-engine tactical transport featuring a cargo hold, a rear-access ramp beneath an upswept tail, a high-mounted wing and turboprop engines.
The C-160 is designed to perform cargo and troop transport duties, aerial delivery of supplies and equis designed to be compatible with international railway loading gauges to simplify cargo logistics and loading.
This lowers the C-160, making it easier to move vehicles into the hold as they don't need to climb a ramp.
One aspect of the C-160 that made the type well suited to tactical operations was the type's short airfield performance; including the ability to perform steep descents of up to 20 degrees and perform landings on airstrips as short as 400 meters.
In the airlift role, a later production C-160 could carry up to 8.5 tons across a distance of 5,000 kilometers, and take off from airstrips as short as 700 meters.
Dependent upon aircraft configuration, a single aircraft could airdrop as many as 88 paratroopers or transport up to 93 equipped troops.
The C-160 is powered by a pair of Rolls-Royce Tyne turboprop engines, which drives a pair of four-bladed Dowty Rotol propellers.
Advantages of the twin-engine configuration over four include reduced unit and production cost, lower weight and fuel consumption, simplified design and reliability.
an auxiliary power unit is used to power the aircraft while on the ground, and for rare use in mid-air emergencies.
While there were considerable changes to instrumentation, including the navigational and autopilot systems, the second generation C-160 retained the original operating characteristics to simplify crew transfers between types.
The second generation C-160s were also designed for potential adaptation to other roles such as maritime patrol and aerial fire fighting.
Between its introduction and 1999, approximately 2000 modifications and upgrades were incorporated upon the type, split 60/40 between the structure and equipment respectively.
Many changes were made over time in regards to the aircraft's avionics, incorporating new features such as GPS and laser inertial navigation systems, modern autopilot and crew management systems.
Other improvements and additions to the type include kevlar armour, electronic warfare management systems, chaff/flare dispensers, missile approach warning systems and TCAS collision warning system.
Extensive efforts have been made by both France and Germany to extend the aircraft's operating lifespan up to and if necessary beyond 55 years to 2018.
In 2003–2004, Germany signed separate contracts with Terma A/S and Northrop Grumman to upgrade the aircraft's electronic warfare self-protection and missile approach warning systems.
In April 1976, the French Air Force used 12 C-160s in support of Operation Verveine, airlifting Moroccan troops and equipment to Zaïre during a border conflict with Angola.
In 1991, a SIGNIT-equipped C-160G was deployed as part of France's contribution to Coalition forces during and after the Gulf War to support a no-fly zone and embargoing of Iraq.
C-160s were in continuous use to support French bases in sub-Saharan Africa; the tanker variants also proved valuable in supporting African operations.
The C-160 fleet was the staple of the French military airlift capability for many years, supplemented by small numbers of McDonnell Douglas DC-8s, CASA/IPTN CN-235 and Lockheed C-130 Hercules as of 1990.
During the South African Border War during the late 1980s, the South African Air Force's C-160s were vital for deploying and supplying troops in the border region and into positions in southern Angola due to the otherwise-impassable terrain.
The importance of airpower in the war led to a great deal of the fighting being centred upon remote airstrips, both sides trying to gain or deny the same advantageous positions and place stress upon the opposing force's logistical efforts.
The C-160 was chosen for this task over the C-130 because of its larger cargo hold and its ability to lower its hull while on the ground, which facilitated the loading of the heavy vehicle.
Germany's C-160 fleet has been used to support peacekeeping efforts in Sudan, a regular detachment of C-160s was also dispatched in support of the multinational International Security Assistance Force presence in the Afghanistan.
For either humanitarian or military purposes, C-160s have conducted extensive operations in a number of nations, including Mauritania, Niger, Chad, Ethiopia, Bosnia, and Lebanon.
Starting in 1984 onwards, German airframes underwent LEDA I and LEDA II life extension measures, which were focused on the wings.
Subsequent programs carried out in the 1990s, such as LEDA III, concentrated on the whole structure of the aircraft; raising the airframe life from 8,000 flights to 12,000 flights, and introducing new avionics systems such as a self-defence system and a replacement flight management system.
In 2009, the French Defence Ministry announced a modernisation of the C-160 fleet, enabling it to continue in service until 2018 if required.
To replace the Transall, the German, French and South African Air Forces ordered 60, 50 and eight Airbus A400Ms, respectively; the South African order was later cancelled.
In 2015, it was announced that the retirement of Germany's Transall fleet had been pushed back from 2018 to 2021 due to delays with the Airbus A400M; until 2021, a decreasing number of aircraft shall remain in service to perform missions that require the Transall's self-protection suite.
The initial production run of 169 aircraft were built by the three companies in France and Germany; Nord built 56 aircraft, VFW built 57 aircraft and HFB/MBB 56 (HFB became part of Messerchmitt-Bolkow-Blohm in 1969 during the production run).
All three production lines produced a mixture of aircraft for France and Germany but the South African aircraft were all built by Nord.
The now C-160NG (Nouvelle Generation, New Generation) called aircraft has a fifth fuel tank in the middle of the wing above the fuselage, a refueling probe while the left side cargo door was removed.
Since 1999, all the F and NG aircraft operated in French air forces have been converted to the last upgraded C-160R standard.
Captopril, sold under the brand name Capoten among others, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure.
This is consistent with the observation that animal screening models indicate putative antidepressant activity for this compound, although one study has been negative.
Adverse effects of captopril include cough due to increase in the plasma levels of bradykinin, angioedema, agranulocytosis, proteinuria, hyperkalemia, taste alteration, teratogenicity, postural hypotension, acute renal failure, and leukopenia.
Except for postural hypotension, which occurs due to the short and fast mode of action of captopril, most of the side effects mentioned are common for all ACE inhibitors.
The adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of captopril is similar to other ACE inhibitors, with cough being the most common ADR.
However, captopril is also commonly associated with rash and taste disturbances (metallic or loss of taste), which are attributed to the unique thiol moiety.
It was the first ACE inhibitor developed and was considered a breakthrough both because of its mechanism of action and also because of the development process.
Captopril was discovered and developed at E. R. Squibb & Sons Pharmaceuticals based on concepts pioneered by Nobel Laureate Sir John Vane and is now marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Captopril was developed in 1975 by three researchers at the U.S. drug company Squibb (now Bristol-Myers Squibb): Miguel Ondetti, Bernard Rubin, and David Cushman.
Squibb filed for U.S. patent protection on the drug in February 1976 and U.S. Patent 4,046,889 was granted in September 1977.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system had been extensively studied in the mid-20th century, and this system presented several opportune targets in the development of novel treatments for hypertension.
Ondetti, Cushman, and colleagues built on work that had been done in the 1960s by a team of researchers led by John Vane at the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Ng in 1967, when he found the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II took place in the pulmonary circulation instead of in the plasma.
The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and the inactivation of bradykinin were thought to be mediated by the same enzyme.
In 1970, using bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) provided by Sergio Ferreira, Ng and Vane found the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II was inhibited during its passage through the pulmonary circulation.
Captopril was developed from this peptide after it was found via QSAR-based modification that the terminal sulfhydryl moiety of the peptide provided a high potency of ACE inhibition.
The drug became a generic medicine in the U.S. in February 1996, when the market exclusivity held by Bristol-Myers Squibb for captopril expired.
The development of captopril has been claimed as an instance of 'biopiracy' (commercialization of traditional medicines), since no benefits have flowed back to the indigenous Brazilian tribe who first used pit viper venom as an arrowhead poison.
A chemical synthesis of captopril by treatment of -proline with (2S)-3-acetylthio-2-methylpropanoyl chloride under basic conditions (NaOH), followed by aminolysis of the protective acetyl group to unmask the drug's free thiol, is depicted in the figure at right.
Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra.
The seventh child of a creole family, Chávez was born on Tacuba Avenue in Mexico City, near the suburb of Popotla .
His paternal grandfather, José María Chávez Alonso, served as governor of the state of Aguascalientes and was executed on the orders of Emperor Maximilian in 1864.
His father, Augustín Chávez, who died when Carlos was barely three years old, invented a plough that was produced and used in the United States..
Carlos had his first piano lessons from his brother Manuel, and later on he was taught piano by Asunción Parra, Manuel Ponce, and Pedro Luis Ozagón, and harmony by Juan Fuentes.
His family often holidayed in Tlaxcala, Michoacán, Guanajuato, Oaxaca, and other places where the cultural influence of the Mexican indigenous peoples was still very strong .
After the Mexican Revolution and the installation of a democratically elected president, Álvaro Obregón, Chávez became one of the first exponents of Mexican nationalist music with ballets on Aztec themes .
In September 1922, Chávez married Otilia Ortiz and they went on honeymoon to Europe, from October 1922 until April 1923, spending two weeks in Vienna, five months in Berlin, and eight or ten days in Paris .
Upon his return to Mexico, Chávez became director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Mexicana (Mexican Symphonic Orchestra), later renamed Orquesta Sinfónica de México (Mexico's Symphonic Orchestra); the country's first permanent orchestra, started by a musicians' labor union.
In December 1928, Chávez was appointed director of Mexico's National Conservatory of Music—a position he held for a total of five years (until March 1933, and again for eight months in 1934).
In 1938, he conducted a series of concerts with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, during a period of absence by the orchestra's regular conductor, Arturo Toscanini.
In 1940 he produced concerts at New York's Museum of Modern Art, and by 1945, Chávez had come to be regarded as the foremost Mexican composer and conductor .
In his first year, he formed the National Symphony Orchestra, which supplanted the older OSM as Mexico's premier orchestra and led to the disbanding of the older ensemble.
Failing health and financial setbacks forced Chávez to sell his house in the Lomas de Chapultepec neighborhood of Mexico City and move in with his daughter Anita in Coyoacán, in the fringes of the Mexican capital, where he died quietly on 2 August 1978 .
Carlos Chávez's manuscripts and papers are housed in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts and in the National Archive of Mexico, in Mexico City.
The juvenilia, up to 1921 and consisting primarily of piano compositions, is essentially Romantic, with Robert Schumann as the main influence.
A period of nationalistic leanings was initiated in 1921 with the Aztec-themed ballet (The New Fire), followed by a second ballet, (The Four Suns), in 1925 .
Such nationalisms would appear through the 1930s, notably in the Second Symphony (the of 1935–36, one of the few works by Chávez to quote actual Native-American themes), but only sporadically in later compositions .
Although this early period saw the creation of the Sonatina for violin and piano (1924), it was only in the 1930s that Chávez returned to another of the main musical interests of his maturity, prefigured in the juvenilia: the traditional genres of the sonata, quartet, symphony, and concerto .
In it, Chávez sought to create an archaic ambiance through the use of modal polyphony, harmonies built on fourths and fifths, and a predominant use of wind instruments .
The album was originally issued in 1959 by Everest Records on LP SDBR 3029, and was reissued on CD in 1996 by Everest as EVC-9041, as well as at some point by Philips Records.
In 1963 Chávez conducted the Vienna State Opera Orchestra in two recordings with pianist Eugene List for Westminster Records, both released on LP: one of his own Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (Westminster WST 17030, reissued in 1976 as Westminster Gold WGS 8324) and one of the two piano concertos by Edward Macdowell (ABC Westminster Gold WGS 8156).
He also made some recordings for Columbia Records which were issued on 78-rpm discs and on LP (Columbia 4-disc 78-rpm set M 414, reissued 1949 on Columbia 10-inch LP, Columbia ML 2080 and Mexican Columbia DCL 98, reissued on Columbia 12-inch LP, LL 1015; CBS Masterworks 3-LP set 32 31 0001 (mono)/ 32 31 002 (stereo); CBC Masterworks LP 32 11 0064; Columbia LP M32685; Odyssey LP Y 31534).
John Marston (baptised 7 October 1576 – 25 June 1634) was an English poet, playwright and satirist during the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean periods.
His career as a writer lasted a decade, and his work is remembered for its energetic and often obscure style, its contributions to the development of a distinctively Jacobean style in poetry, and its idiosyncratic vocabulary.
His father was an eminent lawyer of the Middle Temple who first argued in London and then became the counsel to Coventry and ultimately its steward.
By 1595, he was in London, living in the Middle Temple, where he had been admitted a member three years previously.
He had an interest in poetry and play writing, although his father's will of 1599 expresses the hope that he would give up such vanities.
Marston's style is, moreover, in places contorted to the point of unintelligibility: he believed that satire should be rough and obscure, perhaps because he thought (as did many other writers of the time) that the term 'satire' was derived from the Greek 'satyr plays'.
Marston seems to have been enraged by Joseph Hall's claim to be the first satirist in English; Hall comes in for some indirect flyting in at least one of the satires.
Following the work of O. J. Campbell, it has commonly been thought that Marston turned to the theatre in response to the Bishops' Ban of 1599; more recent scholars have noted that the ban was not enforced with great rigor and might not have intimidated prospective satirists at all.
By 1601, he was well known in London literary circles, particularly in his role as enemy to the equally pugnacious Ben Jonson.
Jonson criticised Marston for being a false poet, a vain, careless writer who plagiarised the works of others and whose own works were marked by bizarre diction and ugly neologisms.
Yet in 1607, he criticized Jonson for being too pedantic to make allowances for his audience or the needs of aesthetics.
In 1603, he became a shareholder in the Children of Blackfriars company, at that time known for steadily pushing the allowable limits of personal satire, violence, and lewdness on stage.
This work was originally written for the children at Blackfriars, and was later taken over (perhaps stolen) by the Kings' Men at the Globe, with additions by John Webster and (perhaps) Marston himself.
Chapman and Jonson were arrested for, according to Jonson, a few clauses that offended the Scots, but Marston escaped any imprisonment.
The actual cause of arrest and details of the brief detainment are not certainly known; in the event, charges were dropped.
It seems that the French ambassador complained to King James about the disrespectful treatment of the French court in plays by Chapman performed at Blackfriars.
In 1609, he became a reader at the Bodleian library at Oxford, was made a deacon on 24 September and a priest on 24 December 1609.
In the twentieth century, however, a few critics were willing to consider Marston as a writer who was very much in control of the world he creates.
Automatic for the People is the eighth studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released on October 5, 1992, by Warner Bros. Records.
Starting the first week of June, guitarist Peter Buck, bassist Mike Mills, and drummer Bill Berry met several times a week in a rehearsal studio to work on new material.
The musicians would often trade instruments: Buck would play mandolin, Mills would play piano or organ and Berry would play bass.
Lead singer Michael Stipe was not present at these sessions; instead, the band gave him the finished demos at the start of 1992.
The group decided to create finished recordings with co-producer Scott Litt at Bearsville Studios in Woodstock, New York, starting on March 30.
The photograph on the front cover is not related to the restaurant: it shows a star ornament that was part of the sign for the Sinbad Motel on Biscayne Boulevard in Miami, near Criteria Studios, where the bulk of the album was recorded.
The interior jacket shows a two–three story circular platform that was the sign for the old Bon Aire Motel on the former Motel Row on Miami Beach.
The front cover of the album shows a greyed-out photograph of the sign on the Sinbad Motel on Miami's Biscayne Blvd placed over an embossed image, which is also included inside the album's booklet distorted on a white background.
The back cover features a photograph of an old building with the track listing written over at the same angle from which the building is viewed.
Given that lyrically the record dealt with mortality, the passage of time, suicide and family, we felt that a light spot was needed.
In 2017, Craft Recordings and Concord Music Group released a 25th anniversary edition with exclusive demos, live songs and a blu-ray disc with music videos and a promotional video.
After more than a decade of activity and performance, notably as a leading bassist in free jazz, Grimes completely disappeared from the music scene by 1970.
He took up the violin at the age of 12, then began playing tuba, English horn, percussion, and finally the double bass in high school.
He recorded or performed with saxophonists Gerry Mulligan, Sonny Rollins, pianist Thelonious Monk, singer Anita O'Day, clarinetist Benny Goodman and many others.
At a time when bassist Charles Mingus was experimenting with a second bass player in his band, Grimes was the person he selected for the job.
He was 22 years old, and as word spread among the musicians about his extraordinary playing, he ended up playing with six different groups in the festival that weekend: those of Benny Goodman, Lee Konitz, Thelonious Monk, Gerry Mulligan, Sonny Rollins, and Tony Scott.
Gradually growing interested in the burgeoning free jazz movement, Grimes performed with most of the music's important names, including pianist Cecil Taylor, trumpeter Don Cherry, saxophonists Steve Lacy, Pharoah Sanders, Archie Shepp, and Albert Ayler.
The album features Perry Robinson on clarinet and drummer Tom Price and is considered to be representative of his career at that time.
In 2002, he found Grimes alive but nearly destitute, without a bass to play, renting a tiny apartment in Los Angeles, California, writing poetry and doing odd jobs to support himself.
He had fallen out of touch with the jazz world and was unaware Albert Ayler had died in 1970, but was eager to perform again.
Henry Grimes has made up for lost time: in 2003 he performed at over two dozen music festivals or other appearances.
Also in 2007, Grimes recorded with drummer Rashied Ali, with whom he has played a half-dozen duo concerts and a trio with Marilyn Crispell, and in 2008 with Paul Dunmall and Andrew Cyrille, a co-leader trio called the Profound Sound Trio, among others.
Tambellini performed the multi-media piece on several occasions between 1965 and 1968, often in collaboration with jazz musicians such as Bill Dixon and Cecil McBee.
Grimes played with Ben Morea, accompanying simultaneous slide and film projections by Aldo Tambellini and sound recordings of the late Calvin Hernton's radical poetry.
In all, between Henry Grimes's return to the music world in 2003 and his 80th year, 2016, he has played more than 640 concerts, including many festivals, in 30 countries.
In the past few years, Grimes has also held a number of residencies and offered workshops and master classes on major campuses, including City College of New York, Berklee College of Music, Hamilton College, New England Conservatory, the University of Illinois, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, the University of Gloucestershire at Cheltenham, Humber College, and more).
Mr. Grimes has released or played on a dozen new recordings, made his professional debut on a second instrument (the violin) at Cecil Taylor's side at Lincoln Center at the age of 70, and has been creating illustrations to accompany his new recordings and publications.
Mr. Grimes can be heard on nearly 90 recordings on various labels, including Atlantic, Ayler Records, Blue Note, Columbia, ESP-Disk, ILK Music, Impulse!, JazzNewYork Productions, Pi Recordings, Porter Records, Prestige, Riverside, and Verve.
Henry Grimes is now a resident of New York City and has a busy schedule of performances, clinics, and international tours.
On June 7, 2016, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Arts for Art / Vision Festival on opening day at Judson Memorial Church in New York City.
Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex (c. 1162–1213) was a prominent member of the government of England during the reigns of Richard I and John.
Geoffrey, too, got his start in this way, as High Sheriff of Northamptonshire for the last five years of Henry II's reign.
This William was the elder son of William de Say I and Beatrice, sister of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex.
In 1184 Geoffrey's father-in-law died, and he received a share of the de Say inheritance by right of his wife, co-heiress to her father.
When Richard I left on crusade, he appointed Geoffrey one of the five judges of the king's court, and thus a principal advisor to Hugh de Puiset, Bishop of Durham, who, as Chief Justiciar, was one of the regents during the king's absence.
His wife's inheritance was disputed between Geoffrey and Beatrice's uncle, Geoffrey de Say, but Geoffrey Fitz Peter used his political influence to eventually obtain the Mandeville lands (although not the earldom, which was left open) for himself.
He served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1198 to 1201 and again in 1203 and as High Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire from 1200 to 1205.
On 11 July 1198, King Richard appointed Geoffrey Chief Justiciar, which at that time effectively made him the king's principal minister.
King John granted Berkhamsted Castle to Geoffrey; the castle had previously been granted as a jointure palace to Queen Isabel prior to the annulment of the royal marriage.
Geoffrey founded two hospitals in Berkhamsted, one dedicated to St John the Baptist and one to St John the Evangelist; the latter is still commemorated in the town with the name St John's Well Lane.
After the accession of King John, Geoffrey continued in his capacity as the king's principal minister until his death on 14 October 1213.
The earldom had been associated with their mother's Mandeville heritage, and the earldom was next granted to the son of their sister Maud and her husband Henry De Bohun instead of their half-brother John.
Featherbedding is the practice of hiring more workers than are needed to perform a given job, or to adopt work procedures which appear pointless, complex and time-consuming merely to employ additional workers.
The modern use of the term in the labor relations setting began in the United States railroad industry, which used feathered mattresses in sleeping cars.
Railway labor unions, confronted with changing technology which led to widespread unemployment, sought to preserve jobs by negotiating contracts which required employers to compensate workers to do little or no work or which required complex and time-consuming work rules so as to generate a full day's work for an employee who otherwise would not remain employed.
For example, the Taft-Hartley Act in the United States defines featherbedding in Section 8(b)(6) as any agreement or union demand for payment of wages for services which are not performed or not to be performed.
However, in 1953, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Act's definition only applies to payments for workers not to work.
Labor economists often argue that featherbedding can be construed as the most economically optimal position from both an employer's and employee's perspective, since it can be seen as distributing the costs of technological change.
Featherbedding can, in some circumstances, take excess resources (profits) away from the employer and give them to workers in the form of more income per worker or higher numbers of employees at the same income level.
As the politico-socio-economic strength of each party changes over time, collective bargaining outcomes will as well, enlarging or reducing the number and impact of featherbedding rules on the employer.
More recent political analyses of featherbedding have concluded that featherbedding is not necessarily economically optimal, but is better than other forms of bargaining.
Under this analysis, the best form of collective bargaining would be one in which the union and employer bargain not only over wages but the level of employment.
Bargaining over work rules (featherbedding) as well as wages achieves outcomes close to those reached by bargaining solely over wages, but is better than bargaining over wages alone.
Legal scholars and certain social theorists argue that featherbedding may be an expression of the concept of a job as a property right.
Featherbedding, it is argued, arises and becomes a significant problem in places where the job property right is not part of the legal regime and remains unprotected (such as the United States).
Seizing on economists' emphasis on power in the workplace, other social theorists conclude that featherbedding is a result of weak labor unions and unenforced and unprotected worker rights.
In complex organizations, or in those whose inputs and outputs are difficult to quantify, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine what constitutes featherbedding.
While some argue that this is an exercise in the professional judgment of such workers, others call this featherbedding and point to the low level of evidence that such rules improve outcomes.
In France, featherbedding was encouraged by the nationalized rail transportation system after World War Two with a view to keeping down the unemployment rate.
A post-war consensus emerged among labor unions that featherbedding was not in the best interest of workers, and unions in Japan have tended to avoid the practice.
Sweden has no national bureau or agency overseeing or regulating labor relations, and no agency monitors or regulates internal trade union matters.
Namdaemun (, ), officially known as the Sungnyemun (, ), is one of the Eight Gates in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon dynasty.
The gate is located in Jung-gu between Seoul Station and Seoul Plaza, with the historic 24-hour Namdaemun market next to the gate.
The gate, dating back to the 14th century, is a historic pagoda-style gateway, and is designated as the first National Treasure of South Korea.
It was once one of the three major gateways through Seoul's city walls which had a stone circuit of and stood up to high.
However, by following the annals of the Joseon Dynasty, naming and calling the 8 gates with the direction were slang terms.
When the first king of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Seonggye (who reigned from 1335 to 1408), constructed the capital city, he believed that fire would reach to Gyeongbokgung Palace, as well as to the capital city, as Mt.
The city gate, made of wood and stone with a two-tiered, pagoda-shaped tiled roof, was completed in 1398 and originally used to greet foreign emissaries, control access to the capital city, and keep out Siberian tigers, which have long been gone from the area.
Construction began in 1395 during the fourth year of the reign of King Taejo of Joseon and was finished in 1398.
The structure was rebuilt in 1447, during the 29th year of King Sejong the Great's reign, and has been renovated several times since.
It was originally one of three main gates, the others being the East Gate (Dongdaemun) and the now-demolished West Gate in the Seodaemun-gu district, named after the old gate.
In the early part of the 20th century, the city walls that surrounded Seoul were demolished to make the traffic system more efficient.
A visit to Seoul by the Crown Prince of Japan prompted the demolition of the walls around Namdaemun, as the prince was deemed to be too exalted to pass through the gateway.
Namdaemun was extensively damaged during the Korean War and was given its last major repair in 1961, with a completion ceremony held on 14 May 1963.
The gate was renovated again in 2005 with the building of a lawn around the gate, before being opened once again to the public with much fanfare on 3 March 2006.
During the restoration, 182 pages of blueprints for the gate were made as a contingency against any emergencies which may damage the structure.
At approximately 8:50 p.m. on 10 February 2008, a fire broke out and severely damaged the wooden structure at the top of the Namdaemun gate.
The fire roared out of control again after midnight and finally destroyed the structure, despite the efforts of more than 360 firefighters.
Many witnesses reported seeing a suspicious man shortly before the fire, and two disposable lighters were found where the fire was believed to have started.
A police captain reported that Chae had sprayed paint thinner on the floor of the structure and then set fire to it.
The Cultural Heritage Administration of South Korea said that it would undertake a three-year project that would cost an estimated ₩20 billion (approximately $14 million) to rebuild and restore the historic gate, making it the most expensive restoration project in South Korea.
Work on the roof began in April after the completion of the wooden second floor, with 22,000 roof tiles produced in a traditional kiln in Buyeo, South Chungcheong Province.
The pillars and rafters are to be elaborately decorated, with the ornamental patterns and colors based on those used in the large-scale repair in 1963, which was closest to the early-Chosun original.
On 29 April 2013, restoration work was completed, and the public opening was scheduled for 4 May 2013, a day before Children's Day.
The band's classic lineup consisted of Vaden Todd Lewis (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Lisa Umbarger (bass guitar), Darrel Herbert (lead guitar), and Mark Reznicek (drums).
The band toured in the spring and summer of 2001 in support of the new album, until bassist Lisa Umbarger unexpectedly resigned from the band in July 2001.
Arts and Music Festival on May 16, 2009 and May 18, 2013, and Austin City Limits Music Festival on October 4, 2009.
In addition, on August 31, 2008, the Toadies headlined the inaugural Dia De Los Toadies, an annual Texas music festival organized by and featuring the band.
The Vision Festival is the world's premier festival of experimental music (typically free jazz/avant-garde jazz), art, film and dance, held annually in May/June on the Lower East Side of New York City from 1996 to 2011, in Brooklyn from 2012-2014, and returning to Manhattan in 2015.
Inspired by the 1984 and 1988 Sound Unity Festivals, it was a direct outgrowth of the seminal but short-lived Improvisors Collective (1994–95).
In 1996, the collective's founder, dancer-choreographer Patricia Nicholson Parker, staged the first Vision Festival at the Learning Alliance on Lafayette Street, and subsequently founded the not-for-profit Arts for Art, Inc to organize the festival on an annual basis, along with other events and concert series throughout the year.
In addition to Nicholson Parker, other members of Arts for Art's Board of Directors include: Hal Connolly, Patricia Ali, Jo Wood Brown, Whit Dickey, Judy Gage, Patricia Nicholson Parker, William Parker, Todd Nicholson and Patricia Wilkins.
Over the years, the festival has taken place in numerous venues, including the Angel Orensanz Center for the Arts, the St. Nicholas of Myra church basement, the New Age Cabaret (formerly known as the Electric Circus), the Knitting Factory, St. Patrick's youth center, CBGB, Clemente Soto Vélez Cultural Center, the Abrons Arts Center, Roulette Intermedium and Judson Memorial Church.
An adaptive enzyme or inducible enzyme is an enzyme that is expressed only under conditions in which it is clearly of adaptive value, as opposed to a constitutive enzyme which is produced all the time.
The operator is a section of DNA where the repressor binds to shut off certain genes; the promoter is the section of DNA where the RNA polymerase binds.
An example of inducible enzyme is COX-2 which is synthesized in macrophages to produce Prostaglandin E while the constitutive enzyme COX-1 (another isozyme in COX family) is always produced in variety of organs in body (like stomach).
Ross Alexander Cameron (born 14 May 1965) is an Australian politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 to October 2004, representing the Division of Parramatta, New South Wales.
The son of Jim Cameron, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, he was born in Sydney, New South Wales, grew up in Turramurra in Sydney and was educated at Knox Grammar School and Sydney University.
He was policy adviser and research officer to the New South Wales Minister for Transport, Bruce Baird, and an intern to United States Republican Senator Mark Hatfield.
Cameron was elected to parliament in the 1996 Federal election, winning the Division of Parramatta from the sitting Labor member Paul Elliott.
While a member of parliament, Cameron was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Family and Community Services from 2001–2003 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer (Peter Costello) 2003–2004.
In 2011 Cameron said he may run for a seat at the next federal election and had discussed the matter with Opposition Leader Tony Abbott, but this did not eventuate.
After his departure from parliament, he joined Macquarie Bank's Investment Banking Group, working primarily on partnerships between the public and private sectors.
Cameron was a founder and original board member of MyATM, along with three time undischarged bankrupt Don Fleming (owing $24million in 2010), Kym Weir, Tim Scala and Grant Chapman.
According to The Business Spectator he bought 15,787,600 shares for $3,946,900 on April 1, 2010 and April 2, becoming a substantial shareholder with 15,787,600 shares (7.52%).
In February 2017, Cameron was reported to have spoken as a VIP member at a fundraiser for the far-right Q Society of Australia.
A philatelic cover is an envelope prepared with a stamp(s) and address and sent through the mail delivery system for the purpose of creating a collectible item.
Stamp collectors began to send mail to each other and to themselves early on, and philatelic mail is known from the late 19th century onward.
While some collectors specialize in philatelic covers, especially first day covers and cacheted covers, others regard them as contrived objects that are not reflective of real-world usage, and often will pay a higher price for a cover that represents genuine commercial use.
However, mail sent by stamp collectors is no less a genuine article of postage than is mail sent with no concern of seeing the mailed item again.
Over the years there have been numerous Expositions where special postmarks are made and where a post office is set up where mail can be sent from on the given date of the Expo'.
Like any other genuine item of mail these covers include postage stamps and postmarks of the time period and were processed and delivered by an official postal system.
Often a philatelic cover will have more historical significance than randomly mailed covers as philatelic covers are also often mailed from the location on the date of an important or noteworthy event, like an inauguration or a space launch.
While many philatelists prefer genuine commercial covers to philatelically contrived covers, philatelic covers may still be acceptable in collections of countries and eras where few other covers exist.
Whether the cover was contrived or not, it is still an item of mail sent through the same postal system as other covers from a given country, with a postage stamp(s) and postmark, and is often more historically significant than covers set with no intention of recovery.
Various types of covers, usually prepared by collectors, historians or other enthusiasts, have great historical significance and, regardless of the intention for the mailed item, are sometimes noteworthy or famous in their own right.
Because the new Zeppelins were the fastest way to get mail delivered across the Atlantic Ocean they carried a great deal of mail.
With the advent of air travel it wasn't long before airplanes were carrying the mail between distant points about the globe.
In the United States and Germany Air Mail delivery was greeted with the same national enthusiasm and fanfare as was experienced with the first trips to the moon by US Astronauts.
Consequently, many people sent philatelic mail to themselves or friends that was carried aboard these flights in order to get a souvenir of the historic event.
The first scheduled U.S. Air Mail service began on May 15, 1918, and carried mail from Washington DC to New York City.
Among those who were on hand for the departure of the first flight from Washington, D.C., were President Woodrow Wilson, U.S. Postmaster General Albert S. Burleson, and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Army Lt. George L. Boyle was selected to pilot aircraft #38262 on the first Northbound flight which, unfortunately, turned out to be a somewhat less than successful initial venture.
Budd M. Friedman (born as Gerson M. Friedman on June 6, 1932 in Los Angeles, California) is best known as the founder and original proprietor and MC of the Improvisation Comedy Club, which opened in 1963, on West 44th Street near the SE corner of 9th Avenue, in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan.
He was instrumental in launching the comedy careers of Rodney Dangerfield, Richard Lewis, Robert Klein, Jay Leno, Andy Kaufman, Freddie Prinze, Steve Landesberg, Jimmie Walker, and for a brief time, managed Bette Midler at the early stages of her career.
He was wounded by an enemy grenade during his first day in action in the summer of 1953 while his unit was assaulting Pork Chop Hill.
The band followed up with the 2005 self-titled album Dishwalla produced by Sylvia Massy, Bill Szymczyk and Ryan Greene and released on Orphanage Records.
After deciding to take a break in 2005, the band reformed and began touring in 2008 with a modified lineup consisting of original members bassist Scot Alexander, guitarist Rodney Cravens, keyboardist Jim Wood, and drummer George Pendergast.
On March 15, 2009, Dishwalla was asked to play a benefit concert for Tea Fire victims Lance and Carla Hoffman, who were badly burned in fires which hit Santa Barbara in November 2008.
The hugely successful event was put on by coordinated efforts with Santa Barbara City Fire, Santa Barbara County Fire, Montecito Fire, and Carpinteria/Summerland Fire departments.
The band has shared the stage with many other notable acts such as Eric Burdon, Collective Soul, Vertical Horizon, Tonic, Stroke 9, and Nine Days just in 2014 alone.
Any initial doubts about Justin Fox's ability to take over as front man have been extinguished by the outpouring of support by fans worldwide.
Their summer dates feature a very special appearance at the Santa Barbara Bowl on September 18, 2017 with Tears for Fears.
He began his music career as the founding member and singer for the alternative rock band Tripdavon which was also from Santa Barbara, California before joining Dishwalla in 2008.
Between the years active in Tripdavon and before heading back out to tour heavily with Dishwalla, Fox went back to school earning his Juris Doctorate and passing the California bar examination in June 2013 to practice as an entertainment attorney.
In addition to the contributions and successes of his own musical acts as a singer and songwriter, Fox also engages in many other projects as both a music producer and recording engineer.
The was an attempted coup d'état in the Empire of Japan, on May 15, 1932, launched by reactionary elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy, aided by cadets in the Imperial Japanese Army and civilian remnants of the ultra nationalist League of Blood.
The following trial and popular support of the Japanese population led to extremely light sentences for the assassins, strengthening the rising power of Japanese militarism and weakening democracy and the rule of law in the Empire of Japan.
As a result of the ratification of the London Naval Treaty limiting the size of the Imperial Japanese Navy, a movement grew within the junior officer corps to overthrow the government, and to replace it with military rule.
On May 15, 1932, the naval officers, aided by army cadets, and right-wing civilian elements (including Shūmei Ōkawa, Mitsuru Tōyama, and Kosaburo Tachibana) staged their own attempt to complete what had been started in the League of Blood Incident.
Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi was shot by eleven young naval officers (most were just turning twenty years of age) in the prime minister's residence.
The original assassination plan had included killing the English film star Charlie Chaplin who had arrived in Japan on May 14, 1932, at a reception for Chaplin, planned by Prime Minister Inukai.
When the prime minister was killed, his son Inukai Takeru was watching a sumo wrestling match with Charlie Chaplin, which probably saved both their lives.
The insurgents also attacked the residence of Makino Nobuaki, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, head of the Rikken Seiyūkai political party, and tossed hand-grenades into Mitsubishi Bank headquarters in Tokyo, and several electrical transformer substations.
Aside from the murder of the prime minister, the attempted coup d'état came to nothing, and the rebellion as a whole proved a failure.
Before the end of their trial a petition arrived at court containing over 350,000 signatures in blood, which had been signed by sympathizers around the country to plead for a lenient sentence.
During the proceedings, the accused used the trial as a platform to proclaim their loyalty to the emperor and to arouse popular sympathy by appealing for reforms of the government and economy.
In addition to the petition, the court also received a request from eleven youths in Niigata, asking that they be executed in place of the naval officers, and sending eleven severed fingers to the court as a gesture of their sincerity.
The punishment handed down by the court was extremely light, and there was little doubt in the Japanese press that the murderers of Prime Minister Inukai would be released in a couple of years, if not sooner.
Failure to severely punish the plotters in the May 15 Incident further eroded the rule of law and the power of the democratic government in Japan to confront the military.
Kowloon Tong was originally a small village located in present-day Police Sport Association near Boundary Street, south of Woh Chai Hill.
In the 1920s, the Hong Kong Government developed the area of east of Kowloon Tong and Kowloon Tsai on both sides of Kowloon–Canton Railway into a low density residential area (based British architecture).
The two biggest radio companies in Hong Kong, Commercial Radio Hong Kong and Radio Television Hong Kong, are both located in Broadcast Drive, Kowloon Tong.
Many leading local English medium of instruction (EMI) primary and secondary schools on the Kowloon peninsula are located in the area, including Kowloon True Light Middle School, Kowloon Tong School (Secondary Section), Maryknoll Convent School, La Salle College and the Beacon Hill School.
Other well known international schools in the area include the American International School, Yew Chung International School, Concordia International School, Australian International School, and the Delia School of Canada.
It leads into the Lion Rock Tunnel, and as such serves as an important artery for traffic heading into and out of the New Territories (in particular Sha Tin).
Daryl Robert Williams (born 21 August 1942) is a former Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1993 to 2004, representing the Liberal Party.
He went on to the University of Western Australia and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar in 1965.
Williams was briefly a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry in 1994, serving as Shadow Attorney-General and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader of the Opposition on Constitutional Reform.
In 1996, when the Liberals won office, he was appointed Attorney-General first as a member of the outer ministry and then as a member of Cabinet from October 1997.
Williams was seriously considered as a candidate to replace Justice Mary Gaudron as a judge of the High Court of Australia in 2003, and was the nominee of the Western Australian Law Society for the post.
Williams was also considered a possible candidate for appointment to the High Court prior to the retirement of Justice Michael McHugh in 2005, following his retirement from politics.
In addition, Williams has been mooted as a contender for appointment as Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia and as a Justice of the Federal Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of Western Australia., or the Court of Appeal of Western Australia.
Oogenesis results in the formation of both primary oocytes during fetal period, and of secondary oocytes after it as part of ovulation.
The only normal human type of secondary oocyte has the 23rd (sex) chromosome as 23,X (female-determining), whereas sperm can have 23,X (female-determining) or 23,Y (male-determining).
Many studies show that cumulus expansion is critical for the maturation of the oocyte because the cumulus complex is the oocyte’s direct communication with the developing follicle environment.
Because the fate of an oocyte is to become fertilized and ultimately grow into a fully functioning organism, it must be ready to regulate multiple cellular and developmental processes.
The oocyte, a large and complex cell, must be supplied with numerous molecules that will direct the growth of the embryo and control cellular activities.
As the oocyte is a product of female gametogenesis, the maternal contribution to the oocyte and consequently the newly fertilized egg, is enormous.
There are many types of molecules that are maternally supplied to the oocyte, which will direct various activities within the growing zygote.
The DNA of a cell is vulnerable to the damaging effect of oxidative free radicals produced as byproducts of cellular metabolism.
DNA damage occurring in oocytes, if not repaired, can be lethal and result in reduced fecundity and loss of potential progeny.
If this metabolic activity were carried out by the oocyte’s own metabolic machinery, the oocyte genome would be exposed to the reactive oxidative by-products generated.
It was proposed that, in order to avoid damage to the DNA genome of the oocytes, the metabolism contributing to the synthesis of much of the oocyte’s constituents was shifted to other maternal cells that then transferred these constituents to oocytes.
Thus, oocytes of many organisms are protected from oxidative DNA damage while storing up a large mass of substances to nurture the zygote in its initial embryonic growth.
These mRNAs can be stored in mRNP (message ribonucleoprotein) complexes and be translated at specific time points, they can be localized within a specific region of the cytoplasm, or they can be homogeneously dispersed within the cytoplasm of the entire oocyte.
In certain organisms, such as mammals, paternal mitochondria brought to the oocyte by the spermatozoon are degraded through the attachment of ubiquitinated proteins.
Maternal cells also synthesize and contribute a store of ribosomes that are required for the translation of proteins before the zygotic genome is activated.
These cytoplasmic lattices, a network of fibrils, protein, and RNAs, have been observed to increase in density as the number of ribosomes decrease within a growing oocyte.
In some species, the spermatozoon will also contribute a centriole, which will help make up the zygotic centrosome required for the first division.
During fertilization, the sperm provides three essential parts to the oocyte: (1) a signalling or activating factor, which causes the metabolically dormant oocyte to activate; (2) the haploid paternal genome; (3) the centrosome, which is responsible for maintaining the microtubule system.
According to her personal account, Truddi Chase was born on a homestead near Honeoye Falls, New York, and grew up in an apartment in the same town.
In her autobiography and in numerous interviews, Chase said that she was repeatedly and violently sexually and physically abused by her stepfather and beaten and neglected by her mother during her childhood and teenage years.
By her report, she had always remembered that molestation and abuse occurred from the age of two onwards but that she could not focus on details before going into therapy.
In her book, she describes giving talks to convicted child molesters to explain her abuse history and to warn them that child abuse is psychologically devastating.
Another interview with Phil Donahue revealed that Phillips himself had sought out the family and discovered that her mother had also sexually abused her.
The modern incarnation of the Suicide Squad is Task Force X—a team of incarcerated supervillains who undertake high-risk black ops secret missions in exchange for either parole, work release, and/or reduced prison sentences.
Regardless of abilities and talent, every member of the squad is expendable and it is expected that not many will return.
The team's very name, Suicide Squad, relates to the idea that this group of characters is sent on dangerous and difficult missions—suicide missions.
Though the series' first issue featured a Squad composed entirely of Giffen's Injustice League members, the roster was promptly slaughtered, save for Major Disaster and Multi-Man.
Rock, who is by now written into the role of squad leader, to recruit new members—many of whom die during the missions.
The story focused on the return of Rick Flag Jr. and the formation of a new Squad for the purpose of attacking a corporation responsible for the development of a deadly bio-weapon.
Amanda Waller once again directs the group from behind the scenes; Deadshot, Harley Quinn, and King Shark feature prominently in this version of the Squad.
Written by Sean Ryan with art by Jeremy Roberts, the new series continues to feature Deadshot and Harley Quinn, with Deathstroke, Black Manta, and Joker's Daughter added to the mix.
Although this early incarnation of the team (created by writer Robert Kanigher and artist Ross Andru) did not have the espionage trappings of later Squads, it laid much of the groundwork for squad field leader Rick Flag Jr.'s personal history.
Team members appearing in the debut issue include physicist Jess Bright; astronomer Dr. Hugh Evans; Rick Flag Jr., the team leader; and Karin Grace (Davies in #25), flight medic.
Follow-up appearances show the team dealing with a variety of challenges: a meteor storm (the radiation from which causes them to shrink), a giant serpent in the Paris subway tunnels, and a giant monster that captures Karin and a nuclear bomb.
In the midst of Darkseid's attempt to turn humanity against Earth's superheroes via his minion Glorious Godfrey, Amanda Waller assigns Rick Flag Jr. leadership of a reformed Task Force X.
The squad's first mission is to eliminate Darkseid's rampaging fire elemental Brimstone; Blockbuster dies during the conflict and Deadshot takes down the creature with an experimental laser rifle.
During World War II, a number of Army riffraff are assembled into a unit that is highly expendable, and therefore nicknamed the Suicide Squadron (shortened to Suicide Squad).
Several such teams existed, but their history in comics is only scarcely recorded before Rick Flag, Sr. becomes the leader of the team (and even then, only a few adventures of this Squad are shown).
After the war ends, the team (together with the Argent group) is put under the umbrella organization of Task Force X.
A deadly encounter with a Yeti during a mission in Cambodia ends with Evans and Bright dead and sends Flag back to the U.S. with a wounded Karin Grace.
An ill-fated trip to this world ends with Nightshade's mother dead and her brother abducted, and Nightshade spends the following years honing her shadowy powers and building a reputation as a crimefighter.
; Faraday eventually introduces her to Amanda Waller, who agrees to help her rescue her brother in exchange for Nightshade's participation in the Squad.
The group is briefly shown undertaking the sorts of dangerous missions the Squad is known for, and Flag eventually drafts Hal Jordan onto the team to assist in preparing a manned space flight to Mars.
It is notable for bringing obscure characters such as Captain Boomerang and Deadshot to prominence; the latter received his own tie-in miniseries in 1988, co-written by Ostrander and Kim Yale.
The Suicide Squad also presents a modern context for field team leader Rick Flag Jr.'s modern-day activities and his involvement in the Silver-Age Suicide Squad.
Former Batgirl Barbara Gordon makes her first appearance as the information-broker Oracle, and serves as the Squad's remote radio support, a vocation she adopted after being shot by the Joker.
1) takes pains to humanize its relatively obscure ensemble cast, partly via an in-house chaplain and psychiatric staff at the Squad's Belle Reve headquarters.
These staff members are frequently seen interviewing various Squad operatives or providing evaluations of their mental states; several full issues are dedicated to examining the personal lives and motivations of prominent characters.
They infiltrate their headquarters (the fortress known as Jotunheim, situated in Qurac) and proceed to defeat and kill most of the Onslaught members.
Elements from this first story arc return over the series, such as the death of Mindboggler, Captain Boomerang's cowardly and treacherous nature, Nightshade's attraction to Rick Flag Jr., a rivalry between Rustam and Flag, and Ravan's defeat at the hands of the Bronze Tiger.
On orders of Derek Tolliver (the team's liaison with the UNSC), the Suicide Squad is sent to Moscow in order to free the captive Zoya Trigorin, a revolutionary writer.
Although the mission is largely successful in its first half, the team finds that Zoya does not want to be freed at all, causing friction among the team as they must plan their escape.
In the end, the mission ends with the Squad having to travel across a tundra to reach safety, but come face to face with the People's Heroes, the Russian's own group of metahumans.
It turns out Tolliver never even considered the possibility of Trigorin wishing to become a martyr, automatically leaping at the conclusion she would be eager to leave the Soviet Union, and thus risked Waller's wrath upon the mission's end.
Nemesis eventually escapes thanks to a collaboration between the Suicide Squad and the Justice League International, although the two teams fight one another first.
This conflict is primarily the result of Batman's investigation into the Suicide Squad, his confrontation with Waller, and his being forced to drop the investigation when she reveals that she can easily figure out his secret identity if need be.
In this story arc, building on subplots from previous issues, Rick Flag goes after Senator Cray in order to assassinate him.
Previously, Senator Cray had been blackmailing Amanda Waller in order for her to ensure Cray's reelection, threatening her with the exposure of the Suicide Squad to the public.
At first, there is also the threat of Waller being usurped by Derek Tolliver, the now-former liaison between the Squad and NSC, who conspires with Cray against Waller.
Resulting from the exposure, Amanda Waller is replaced by an actor named Jack Kale so that she can continue to run the Squad.
The team then goes on a public relations offensive, becoming, for a time, a prominent heroic team by saving a renowned nun from a repressive regime.
Rick Flag travels to Jotunheim, where the Onslaught is still headquartered, and finishes the mission his father could not, blowing up Jotunheim with a prototype nuclear Nazi weapon but gives up his life to do so.
During the crossover, the headquarters of Checkmate and the Suicide Squad are destroyed as the war between the agencies worsens, and the lives of all members of the Force of July are lost except for Major Victory.
In the end, with the defeat of Kobra, the various government agencies are made autonomous, to be overseen by Sarge Steel.
In this issue, the character known as Duchess regains her memory after suffering from amnesia and recalls her true identity as Lashina, of the Female Furies.
With help from Shade the Changing Man, Lashina kidnaps several members of the Squad and takes them to Apokolips to win back her place among the Furies.
Along with Dr. Light, Squad support members Briscoe (helicopter pilot) and computer specialist/Waller aide Flo Crowley are killed in an attack by parademons.
Prevented by Steel from going, Bronze Tiger recruits Deadshot and others and joins with the Forever People to journey to Apokolips.
Darkseid arrives to destroy Lashina for bringing humans to his world and allows the rest of the Squad return to Earth with their dead.
This issue details the plan of a group called LOA to raise a zombie army with drugs spread across the world.
To ensure the Squad doesn't interfere, they reveal how Waller is still in charge and the White House decide to wash their hands of her.
With the Suicide Squad on the verge of being disbanded by her superiors, Waller gathers Ravan, Poison Ivy, and Deadshot in an assassination mission of the LOA.
She receives a presidential pardon, courtesy of Sarge Steel, as well as money in the bank and her old privileges concerning the use of imprisoned villains.
This is done so that Waller can reassemble her Squad and prevent a confrontation between American and Soviet forces in the war-torn country of Vlatava.
As the Suicide Squad succeeds and finishes their mission, they go in a new direction, free from the government as freelance operatives per the terms negotiated by Waller.
Under the leadership of Waller, who now also goes into the field as an operative, they are a mercenary squad open to the highest bidder.
However, the squad's arrival is detected by the Hayoth, and their Mossad liaison Colonel Hacohen takes Waller and Vixen into custody in order to show them that the Hayoth has already captured Kobra.
Judith follows Vixen to a meeting with the Bronze Tiger and Ravan, critically wounds Vixen, and is nearly killed by the Bronze Tiger.
The day is saved by Ramban, the team's kabbalistic magician, who has a lengthy conversation with Dybbuk about the true nature of good and evil, choice, and morality.
This misunderstanding caused the Hayoth to become embroiled in a four-way conflict with the Justice League (Superman, Batman, and Aquaman), who were there searching for Ray Palmer (the Atom), as well as the Suicide Squad, and the Onslaught.
The League confronts Ray Palmer and he tells them about Micro Force and their murder of Adam Cray, the man who had been impersonating him as a member of the Suicide Squad.
The series concludes in issues #63–66, in which the Suicide Squad travels to Diabloverde to depose a seemingly invulnerable and invincible dictator calling himself Guedhe.
Insulted by the rival team usurping the Suicide Squad name, Waller accepts the mission to liberate Diabloverde at the price of one peso, paid by an exiled resident, Maria.
Each Squad member travels through the mystic jungle to Guedhe's fortress and along the way, faces their personal demons, except for Deadshot.
The despot believes himself to be immortal, when in actuality, he was a formidable psychic whose consciousness kept animating his remains.
3) arc, with a lineup consisting of Captain Boomerang, Deadshot, King Shark, Knockout, Sam Makoa, and Sidearm (who meets his death in the following issue).
4) miniseries, superheroes Hawk and Dove (Sasha Martens and Wiley Wolverman) are targeted by the government who assemble a new Suicide Squad to subdue the pair.
agent Cameron Chase joins Bolt, Copperhead, Killer Frost, and Sledge on a mission to take out a South American military base, only to be betrayed by the villains.
Lex Luthor organizes another Suicide Squad during his term as President of the United States so that they can recruit Doomsday to battle the alien Imperiex.
This version of the Squad consists of Chemo, Mongul, Plasmus, and Shrapnel; it is led by Manchester Black, under the supervision of Steel.
Doomsday seemingly kills most of the Squad upon his release, but all of the characters turn up alive in later comics.
Together with his right-hand man Bulldozer (who uses a wheelchair), Rock taps new characters Havana and Modem to round out the team's mobile HQ.
Rock is thought by several other characters to have been deceased since the end of World War II, and they are surprised to see him alive and well.
Two flashback stories provide some context for Rock's current-day activities, but the series' final issue strongly implies that Rock is an (as-yet-unidentified) impostor.
For his part, Rock is every bit as ruthless as Amanda Waller was (though far more affable), remorselessly sending his agents to die for the good of their country.
The Squad's missions involve eliminating an out-of-control colony of bio-engineered army ants, and investigating the mysterious island of Kooey Kooey Kooey to discourage its telepathic inhabitants from declaring war on Earth.
Havana is revealed to be Amanda Waller's daughter, and the final story arc revolves around an all-out attack on the Squad by the members of Onslaught, led by the son of longtime Squad enemy Rustam.
Upon learning that the Squad has been compromised, Waller's office drafts the Justice Society of America to counterattack Onslaught alongside the Squad, but they arrive too late to save Havana from Rustam's wrath.
A Squad composed of Deadshot, Killer Frost, and Solomon Grundy goes after Lois Lane in order to silence her investigation into Lex Luthor's presidency.
A mystery agent sends Captain Boomerang, Double Down, Killer Frost, and Killer Shark to (unsuccessfully) assassinate an imprisoned Amanda Waller as she awaits trial.
Atom Smasher's team ambushes the Black Marvel Family, getting Waller the evidence that she needs to expose their threat to the world.
As Waller reviews future potential Squad members, Atom Smasher quits the team, threatening to inform Checkmate of Waller's unauthorized field ops unless she grants him a full pardon.
After Bronze Tiger finds Rick Flag Jr. alive, Amanda Waller (now the White Queen of Checkmate) taps the pair to track down a rogue Squad that is out to expose her off-the-books activities.
Squad members seen rounding up villains include Rick Flag Jr., Bronze Tiger, Captain Boomerang, Count Vertigo, the General, King Faraday, Multiplex, Nightshade, Plastique, Bane, Chemo, and Deadshot (the latter three are betrayed by the Squad and sent to the prison planet with the other villains).
After reviewing several new recruits, Amanda Waller briefs the Squad on the latest target: a Dubai-based global conglomerate called Haake-Bruton, whose new viral weapon is to be destroyed, and its board of directors eliminated.
Eiling demonstrates control over Flag via psychological conditioning; Flag subdues him after revealing the cooperation as a ruse, and the Squad returns to Belle Reve.
Flag is unfazed by Waller's revelation that his own identity and memories are implanted, asserting to Nightshade that he is still Rick Flag Jr.
The Suicide Squad has a run-in with Manhunter after she unknowingly compromises their months-long undercover investigation into the Crime Doctor's metahuman genetic experiments in collaboration with Vestech Industries.
Manhunter backs off of the trail at the insistence of the Squad and the Birds of Prey, but goes rogue in an effort to bring down the Crime Doctor, who futilely attempts to restrain the Squad after becoming aware of their deep-cover duplicity.
On one of his adventures throughout the DC multiverse, Booster Gold winds up in an alternate 1952, where Karin Grace drafts him into a Squad led by Frank Rock.
The team infiltrates a U.S. military compound to root out a Soviet double-agent, who ultimately turns out to be the creator of the Rocket Reds' combat armor.
They attack the Squad and the Secret Six, who are engaged in simultaneous conflicts at their respective headquarters, owing to Amanda Waller's plans to shut down the Six.
The two teams join forces to wipe out the Homicide Squad; with the immediate threat resolved, the Six assert their independence, and Deadshot places a bullet mere centimeters from Waller's heart to punctuate the point.
Amanda Waller once again directs a crew of black ops agents on covert government missions, with Deadshot serving as the field team's leader.
After a botched government mission forces her to execute an injured teammate, Amanda Waller sets out to assemble an expendable field team, prompting the formation of a new Suicide Squad.
Waller forces dozens of Belle Reve's death row inmates into a series of rigorous tests and torture scenarios to evaluate their loyalty and value as potential Squad members.
At one point, the team must track down an AWOL Harley Quinn; in another mission, the Squad goes after Resurrection Man.
Eventually, Waller recruits serial killer James Gordon Jr. to act as Belle Reve's in-house psychiatric adviser—but unbeknownst to her, Gordon quickly develops a twisted infatuation with her.
One ongoing and unresolved plot point involves the Samsara serum—a medical treatment that Belle Reve's doctors use to resurrect dead Squad members (including Deadshot and Voltaic).
It is eventually discovered that the serum will permanently kill anyone to whom it is administered; Waller is implied to be one such subject.
During the Forever Evil crossover event, the Crime Syndicate of America emerges as the new threat which the Suicide Squad must avert.
After the destruction of Belle Reve and the release of its inmates, Waller recruits Deadshot to a new Suicide Squad team.
Amanda Waller later reveals to James Gordon Jr. that the current Suicide Squad is but one version of the Task Force; she calls out Task Force Y to assist in battling the Crime Syndicate.
This 2014 relaunch, from writer Sean Ryan and artist Jeremy Roberts, sees Deadshot and Harley Quinn teaming up with new Squad members Black Manta, Joker's Daughter, the Reverse Flash and Deathstroke.
Using the end of the New 52 initiative as a launching point, DC Comics began a second relaunch of its entire line of titles called DC Rebirth in 2016.
5) #1 (August 2016) was the debut bimonthly relaunch of the team's comic book title which consisted of Amanda Waller, Deadshot, Rick Flag, Captain Boomerang, Harley Quinn, Killer Croc, Katana & Enchantress.
The Suicide Squad are sent to a Russian prison to retrieve a secret item, which turns out to be a portal to the Phantom Zone.
The battle is brought to an abrupt halt as a new character, Hack, breaches the Russian database and learns how to pull General Zod back into the portal.
The portal waves are shown as having the opposite effect on Harley, causing her to realize she must intervene in the escalating bloodlust.
This episode follows the Squad to the fictional island of Badhinisia, where the team has been dispatched to prevent the Brimstone Brotherhood from causing an earthquake.
Waller shares her intention to blow the bombs in their necks if they are captured by, or surrender to, the League.
The Suicide Squad are defeated by the Justice League until Killer Frost absorbs a portion of a weakened Superman's life force and freezes everyone.
When the plot reveals the approaching threat of Max Lord and his supervillain team, the two teams must pool their efforts in order to prevent the theft of a powerful weapon from inside Belle Reve.
Batman rallies Lobo and the remaining Squad members to make a final stand against Lord, escalating to conflict with the compromised Justice League.
Meanwhile, Amanda observes that Lord himself is falling under the influence of the Eclipso Diamond, and warns him of this when Lord has her brought to the White House.
In the aftermath of the crisis, Killer Frost is officially released while Lord is kept in Waller's custody, Waller musing that she will use him for 'Task Force XI'.
Waller recruits Miguel Soria, a prospective hero who was turned down by the Justice League and then arrested for robbery, into the Squad in order to combat an alien force that feeds off optimism and hope.
Meanwhile, King Faraday, who is still being held at Belle Reve, reveals he's been accessing Waller's hidden files and asks about someone named Coretta.
She leaves the prison and goes to her daughter Coretta in the hospital as she's just given birth to Waller's grandchild.
A live-action film based on the titular comic book team was released on August 5, 2016 and despite negative reception the film did well grossing $745 million at the box office.
It stars Will Smith as Deadshot, Jared Leto as Joker, Margot Robbie as Harley Quinn, Joel Kinnaman as Rick Flag, Viola Davis as Amanda Waller, Jai Courtney as Captain Boomerang, Jay Hernandez as El Diablo, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Killer Croc and Cara Delevingne as Enchantress, Karen Fukuhara as Tatsu Yamashiro / Katana, and Adam Beach as Slipknot.
The Official Suicide Squad movie game, on iOS and Android devices, was released in August 2016 as part of the movie promotion campaign.
Antônio Villas Boas (1934–1991) was a Brazilian farmer (later a lawyer) who claimed to have been abducted by extraterrestrials in 1957.
Though similar stories had circulated for years beforehand, Villas Boas' claims were among the first alien abduction stories to receive wide attention.
Some skeptics today consider the abduction story to be little more than a hoax, although Antonio nonetheless reportedly stuck to his account throughout his life.
At the time of his alleged abduction, Antônio Villas Boas was a 23-year-old Brazilian farmer who was working at night to avoid the hot temperatures of the day.
According to Boas, he first attempted to leave the scene on his tractor, but when its lights and engine died after traveling only a short distance, he decided to continue on foot.
Once inside the craft, Boas said that he was stripped of his clothes and covered from head-to-toe with a strange gel.
She was the same height as the other beings he had encountered, with a small, pointed chin and large, blue catlike eyes.
The hair on her head was long and white (somewhat like platinum blonde) but her underarm and pubic hair were bright red.
Boas said that he was then given back his clothing and taken on a tour of the ship by the humanoids.
During this tour he said that he attempted to take a clock-like device as proof of his encounter, but was caught by the humanoids and prevented from doing so.
Following this alleged event, Boas claimed to have suffered from nausea and weakness, as well as headaches and lesions on the skin which appeared without any kind of light bruising.
Eventually, he contacted journalist Jose Martins, who had placed an ad in a newspaper looking for people who had had experiences with UFOs.
Upon hearing Boas' story, Martins contacted Dr. Olavo Fontes of the National School of Medicine of Brazil; Fontes was also in contact with the American UFO research group APRO.
Fontes examined the farmer and concluded that he had been exposed to a large dose of radiation from some source and was now suffering from mild radiation sickness.
Rogerson notes that the story had definitely circulated between 1958 and 1962, and was probably recorded in print, but that details are uncertain.
Further, Boas' experience occurred in 1957, which was still several years before the famous Hill abduction which made the concept of alien abduction famous and opened the door to many other reports of similar experiences.
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the ancient common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.
Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is by far the best understood of all proto-languages of its age.
The vast majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter proto-languages (such as Proto-Germanic and Proto-Indo-Iranian), and most of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result.
PIE is estimated to have been spoken as a single language from 4500 BC to 2500 BC during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years.
According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Eastern Europe.
As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from each other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged from each other, as each dialect underwent different shifts in pronunciation (the Indo-European sound laws), morphology, and vocabulary.
Today, the descendant languages, or daughter languages, of PIE with the most native speakers are Spanish, English, Portuguese, Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Russian, Punjabi, German, Persian, French, Italian and Marathi.
Since there is a consistent correspondence of the initial consonants that emerges far too frequently to be coincidental, one can assume that these languages stem from a common parent language.
Many consider William Jones, an Anglo-Welsh philologist and puisne judge in Bengal, to have begun Indo-European studies in 1786, when he postulated the common ancestry of Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek.
In a memoir sent to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1767 Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux, a French Jesuit who spent all his life in India, had specifically demonstrated the analogy between Sanskrit and European languages.
In the perspective of current academic consensus, Jones' work was less accurate than his predecessors', as he erroneously included Egyptian, Japanese and Chinese in the Indo-European languages, while omitting Hindi.
In 1818 Rasmus Christian Rask elaborated the set of correspondences to include other Indo-European languages, such as Sanskrit and Greek, and the full range of consonants involved.
Grimm showed correlations between the Germanic and other Indo-European languages and demonstrated that sound change systematically transforms all words of a language.
From the 1870s the Neogrammarians proposed that sound laws have no exceptions, as shown in Verner's law, published in 1876, which resolved apparent exceptions to Grimm's law by exploring the role that accent (stress) had played in language change.
A new principle won wide acceptance in the laryngeal theory, which explained irregularities in the linguistic reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European phonology as the effects of hypothetical sounds which had disappeared from all documented languages, but which were later observed in excavated cuneiform tablets in Anatolian.
It proposes that the Yamna culture associated with the kurgans (burial mounds) on the Pontic–Caspian steppe north of the Black Sea were the original speakers of PIE.
According to the theory, PIE became widespread because its speakers from the Kurgan culture could migrate into a vast area of Europe and Asia thanks to technologies such as the domestication of the horse, herding, and the use of wheeled vehicles.
The people of these cultures were nomadic pastoralists, who, according to the model, by the early 3rd millennium BC had expanded throughout the Pontic–Caspian steppe and into Eastern Europe.
The Paleo-Balkan languages, which occur in or near the Balkan peninsula, do not appear to be members of any of the subfamilies of PIE but are so poorly attested that proper classification of them is not possible.
The Proto-Indo-European accent is reconstructed today as having had variable lexical stress, which could appear on any syllable and whose position often varied among different members of a paradigm (e.g.
The accent is best preserved in Vedic Sanskrit and (in the case of nouns) Ancient Greek, and indirectly attested in a number of phenomena in other IE languages.
To account for mismatches between the accent of Vedic Sanskrit and Ancient Greek, as well as a few other phenomena, a few historical linguists prefer to reconstruct PIE as a tone language where each morpheme had an inherent tone; the sequence of tones in a word then evolved, according to that hypothesis, into the placement of lexical stress in different ways in different IE branches.
A root plus a suffix formed a word stem, and a word stem plus a desinence (usually an ending) formed a word.
This variation in vowels occurred both within inflectional morphology (e.g., different grammatical forms of a noun or verb may have different vowels) and derivational morphology (e.g., a verb and an associated abstract verbal noun may have different vowels).
PIE had personal pronouns in the first and second grammatical person, but not the third person, where demonstrative pronouns were used instead.
Verbs were also marked by a highly developed system of participles, one for each combination of tense and voice, and an assorted array of verbal nouns and adjectival formations.
The following table shows a possible reconstruction of the PIE verb endings from Sihler, which largely represents the current consensus among Indo-Europeanists.
Such words could be used directly as adjectives, or they could be turned back into a noun without any change in morphology, indicating someone or something characterised by the adjective.
This kind of derivation is likely related to the possessive adjectives, and can be seen as essentially the reverse of it.
The syntax of the older Indo-European languages has been studied in earnest since at least the late nineteenth century, by such scholars as Hermann Hirt and Berthold Delbrück.
Since all the early attested IE languages were inflectional, PIE is thought to have relied primarily on morphological markers, rather than word order, to signal syntactic relationships within sentences.
The SOV default word order with other orders used to express emphasis (e.g., verb–subject–object to emphasise the verb) is attested in Old Indic, Old Iranian, Old Latin and Hittite, while traces of it can be found in the enclitic personal pronouns of the Tocharian languages.
A shift from OV to VO order is posited to have occurred in late PIE since many of the descendant languages have this order: modern Greek, Romance and Albanian prefer SVO, Insular Celtic has VSO as the default order, and even the Anatolian languages show some signs of this word order shift.
Tower Comics was part of Tower Publications, a paperback publisher at that point best known for their Midwood Books line of soft-core erotic fiction aimed at male readers.
When it became obvious Wood could not handle the volume of material Shorten wanted to publish, he hired Samm Schwartz, who Shorten knew from both men's many years at Archie Comics.
Other notable creators associated with Tower included Dan Adkins, Gil Kane, Reed Crandall, Steve Ditko, Richard Bassford, Len Brown, Steve Skeates, Larry Ivie, Bill Pearson, Russ Jones, Roger Brand, and Tim Battersby-Brent.
Ritualization is a behavior that occurs typically in a member of a given species in a highly stereotyped fashion and independent of any direct physiological significance.
Konrad Lorenz, working with greylag geese and other animals such as water shrews, showed that ritualization was an important process in their development.
He showed that the geese obsessively displayed a reflexive motor pattern of egg retrieval when stimulated by the sight of an egg outside their nest.
Similarly, in the shrews, Lorenz showed that once they had become used to jumping over a stone in their path, they went on jumping at that place after the stone was taken away.
Oskar Heinroth in 1910 and Lorenz from 1935 onwards studied the triumph ceremony in geese; Lorenz described it as becoming a fixed ritual.
It involves a rolling behaviour (of the head and neck) and cackling with the head stretched forward, and occurs only among geese that know each other, meaning within a family or between mates.
The triumph ceremony appears in varied situations, such as when mates meet after having been separated, when disturbed, or after an attack.
Bell, drawing on the Practice Theory of Pierre Bourdieu, has taken a less functional view of ritual with her elaboration of ritualization.
More recently scholars interested in the cognitive science of religion such as Pascal Boyer, Pierre Liénard, and William W. McCorkle, Jr. have been involved in experimental, ethnographic, and archival research on how ritualized actions might inform the study of ritualization and ritual forms of action.
McCorkle argued that these ritualized compulsions (especially in regard to dead bodies vis-à-vis, mortuary behavior) were turned into ritual scripts by professional guilds only several thousand years ago with advancement in technology such as the domestication of plants and animals, literacy, and writing.
They were one of the most influential bands on the Canadian alternative music scene in the early 1990s, garnering widespread critical acclaim and radio play.
The band was formed by Ron Hawkins, Stephen Stanley and David Alexander, all members of the band Popular Front, as a side project at a time when their other band was going through internal tensions that eventually led to its breakup.
They toured to support the album and had begun early preparations for their follow-up album, but creative and business tensions resulted in the band breaking up later the same year.
They played two final shows, one on December 4, 2007 at the Horseshoe Tavern in Toronto and another on December 8, 2007 at Club Infinity in Williamsville, New York.
This concert was released by fans of the band as a DVD, incorporating several camcorder recordings of the show and a soundboard audio patch.
The Lowest of the Low made plans to record their fourth album in the fall of 2013, although the departure of founding member Stephen Stanley halted these plans.
Henner was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of Loretta Callis (born Nikoleta Kalogeropoulos), who died of arthritis at age 58 and Joseph Henner (whose surname was originally Pudlowski), who died of a heart attack at age 52.
Her mother was president of the National Association of Dance and Affiliated Arts and ran the Henner Dance School for 20 years.
Henner took her first dance class at age two then went on to teaching dance at her family's studio when she was 14 and choreographed shows at local high schools and colleges until leaving the Chicago area during her third year of college.
She was fired by Donald Trump in the eighth episode but was brought back to help fellow contestant Trace Adkins in the final task of the show.
She leads monthly classes on her website, www.marilu.com, designed to help people integrate these steps into a healthier, more active lifestyle.
Henner has hyperthymesia or total recall memory; she can remember specific details of virtually every day of her life since she was a small child.
Uncle Sam brought them together, assembling Neon the Unknown, Magno, the Red Torpedo, the Invisible Hood, Miss America and Hourman to prevent a tragedy.
The Freedom Fighters had their own book for fifteen issues from 1976 to 1978, in which they crossed over to Earth-1 and were quickly set up by Silver Ghost.
Since the Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Freedom Fighters have been based on the main DC Universe Earth, and were all members of the All-Star Squadron.
Years after the war, a third version of the team surfaced in the 1980s, with the rise of a new age of heroes.
The Freedom Fighters regrouped for a brief time, but soon called it quits again when Firebrand was killed in battle with the Silver Ghost.
Damage was critically injured, Iron Munro was absent, and the Ray was captured by the Psycho-Pirate as part of Alexander Luthor's plans.
This team consists of new incarnations of the Phantom Lady, the Ray (Stan Silver), the Human Bomb, Doll Man, Bigfoot, Destroyer and Face.
members to his cause, openly disapproving of their use of deadly force (although they continue to kill people even under Uncle Sam's guidance).
This version of the team is loosely based on notes by Grant Morrison and written by Jimmy Palmiotti and Justin Gray.
Uncle Sam is portrayed as an almost Christ-like figure, returning from the dead, with the new Firebrand filling a John the Baptist role.
Father Time is shown as aiding in Senator Frank Knight's being secretly murdered in the midst of his successful campaign for the Presidency of the U.S. and replaced by a sentient robot double, Gonzo the Mechanical Bastard, who proceeds with an agenda to implant RFID chips in every U.S. citizen by law and control them to bring chaos to the world through war.
In #5, The Freedom Fighters defeat First Strike, but are taken out by a young woman claiming to be Miss America.
As predicted Gonzo turns on the newly rejuvenated Father Time, who proceeds to give Uncle Sam the evidence to prove Gonzo's true identity.
In #8, The Freedom Fighters engage in battle against Gonzo's metahuman taskforce at the Washington Monument, and quickly gain support from the civilians.
The public eye are now seeing them as real heroes, which was later revealed to be part of Father Time's plan all along.
He tricked Gonzo into believing that S.H.A.D.E was against Uncle Sam, while in truth he was preparing the Freedom Fighters to help combat a major threat in the future.
has planned to make the Freedom Fighters into media darlings to help increase faith in the government following the Amazonian incident.
Phantom Lady, unable to cope with the media attention, goes on a binge spree, culminating in her drunkenly slicing a criminal in half on national television.
It is revealed that Robbins has mental powers that he used to control the Crusaders — and Stormy — leading to her binge.
Meanwhile, an attempt to cure the Doll Men and several other micro-sized individuals goes horribly wrong, as all of them are merged into a single mutant form.
After their victory, the group go their separate ways, but Sam declares that they will be needed when the Crisis begins.
These three Black Lanterns, along with Al Pratt's undead form, focus on attacking Damage, though they have little success, continually getting blown up, regenerating and rising again to attack him, until Jean Loring's revenant kills him.
In this new timeline, the Freedom Fighters still inhabit Earth-10, but according to Grant Morrison's Multiversity revision of the concept, Kal-L landed in German territory in 1938.
Hitler reverse-engineered the alien technology that the Kryptonian starship incorporated and released Kal-L/Overman on American forces in the 1950s which enabled Nazi Germany to win the Second World War.
However, Overman became aware of the evil of his comrades after seeing the massive numbers of deaths of innocent people who didn't fit into the Nazi ideology.
The Freedom Fighters still exist as a team of genetically enhanced metahumans thanks to the genius of the Earth-10 Dr. Sivana, but in revised and inclusive composition (Ray is gay, Doll Man is a Jehovah's Witness, Black Condor is an African-American, and Phantom Lady is Romani).
The Freedom Fighters commit various acts of terrorism against Overman's post-Nazi regime while Overman is in conflict with himself as he still feels guilt over the ethnic and ideological purges of the Hitler-era.
In the Freedom Fighters most extreme attack, they drop the Earth-10's Justice League orbitial base on Metropolis, killing millions of people and even further grieving Overman.
They are led by Flying Dragon General (analog of Uncle Sam); other members include Sunbeam (analog of The Ray), Blue Condor (analog of Black Condor), Ghost Woman (Phantom Lady), Folding Paper Man (Doll Man), and Human Firecracker (Human Bomb).
Pixelization (British English, pixelisation) or mosaic is any technique used in editing images or video, whereby an image is blurred by displaying part or all of it at a markedly lower resolution.
Footage of nudity (including male and female genitals, buttocks, nipples, pubic hair, or areolae) is likewise obscured in some media: before the watershed in many countries, in newspapers or general magazines, or in places in which the public cannot avoid seeing the image (such as on billboards).
Pixelization is not usually used for this purpose in films, DVDs, subscription television services, or pornography (except for countries in which the law requires it).
Pixelization may also be used to avoid unintentional product placement, or to hide elements that would date a broadcast, such as date and time stamps on home video submissions.
In this updated print, the image of the large ocean wave shifts from the traditional style of the Japanese woodcut print to a pixelized image and finally to a wireframe model computer graphics image.
A black rectangular or square box (known as censor bars) may be simply be used to occlude parts of images completely (for example, a black bar covering the eyes instead of the entire face being pixelized).
A drawback of pixelization is that any differences between the large pixels can be exploited in moving images to reconstruct the original, unpixelized image; squinting at a pixelized, moving image can sometimes achieve a similar result.
In both cases, integration of the large pixels over time allows smaller, more accurate pixels to be constructed in a still image result.
Completely obscuring the censored area with pixels of a constant color or pixels of random colors escapes this drawback but can be more aesthetically jarring.
Japanese pornography laws require that genitals in films (including animated works) and other forms of adult media (such as eroge, drawings, etc) be obscured.
In Thailand, restrictions are placed on television broadcast depiction of cigarettes being smoked, alcohol being consumed, or guns being pointed at people.
In the Philippines, pixelization is also used if there are scenes of naked people or cadavers, bloody depiction of death by any means (e.g.
gunshot wounds) and exposure of innards (sometimes rendered in black and white and blurred), and the finger gesture, among objectionable content.
However, nudity and some bloody scenes are cut entirely and pointing of guns or blades to oneself or others are cropped.
The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce and Joe Klompus.
In its early phase, the band enlisted various guest players, including a brief period with Abe Laboriel, Jr. as drummer in 1993.
The band's definitive lineup of Hanley, McKenna, Michael Eisenstein on guitar, Stacy Jones on drums and Scott Riebling on bass, was established in 1994.
The band played its last show for the next seven years on May 4, 2000, a benefit for their friend and longtime local supporter, Mikey D. They announced their disbandment the following month.
In December 2007, an impromptu reunion occurred when four of the original band members appeared at a benefit for longtime supporter Jeanne Connolly, at TT the Bears Place in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Letters to Cleo appeared as the musical guest at Geek Bowl XII, the twelfth annual event of its kind put on by Geeks Who Drink Pub Quizzes.
Hanley and Eisenstein married in the late '90s and have two children, Zoe Mabel and Henry Aaron (named for legendary baseball Hall Of Famer).
In addition to being the musical director and drummer for Miley Cyrus, Jones is also the musical director for Life of Dillon.
Previous gigs also include playing drums for Matchbox Twenty, Madonna, Dia Frampton, Veruca Salt, Avril Lavigne, Ariana Grande, Joan Jett, Against Me!, The Jonas Brothers, The Flaming Lips, Lily Allen, Billy Ray Cyrus, Sheryl Crow, Cobra Starship, Aimee Mann, The Cab, Hey Monday, Butch Walker, and more.
Ben Wyatt (Adam Scott) wears a Letters to Cleo shirt on the show Parks and Recreation on multiple occasions while he is between jobs.
LTC also makes an appearance on the show, playing during the Pawnee/Eagleton Unity Concert in the last episode of Season 6.
He was a Nationals member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Division of Page, New South Wales from 1996 to 2007.
He was president of the Clarence River Cane Growers' Association and a member of the New South Wales Cane Growers' Council.
He was Minister for Natural Resources 1988–90 and 1991–93, Minister for Water Resources 1990–91, Chief Secretary 1990–91, Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries 1993–95 and Minister for Mines 1993–95.
In the federal parliament, Causley was Deputy Speaker from February 2002 to November 2007, the last five years of the John Howard premiership, under Speakers Neil Andrew and David Hawker.
As such she has many of her father's powers relating to magic, typically controlled by speaking the words of her incantations spelled backwards.
She is known for her involvement with the Justice League, her retconned childhood association with Batman, and her crossing of the Vertigo line with characters such as romantic partner John Constantine.
Zatanna makes her living as a stage illusionist prior to discovering her magical abilities while investigating the disappearance of her father.
Zatanna's search for her father was the subject of a storyline which was featured in several titles edited by Julius Schwartz, and in it, Zatanna interacts with Hawkman and Hawkgirl; battles Batman and Robin while in disguise as a witch and under the control of the villain the Outsider; and teams with the Atom, Green Lantern, and the Elongated Man.
During her tenure with the Justice League, her power level diminishes, so that she can only control the four elements of earth, air, fire, and water.
When the Justice League vanish in the past as they attempt to rescue the missing Aquaman, an emergency protocol set up by Batman assembles a new League, with this team including Jason Blood as its magical expert.
However, when the current threat is identified as Gamemnae, an ancient Atlantean sorceress who seeks to conquer the world, she uses a quagmire spell to absorb Zatanna and Tempest into herself, When new League leader Nightwing attempts to order Blood to transform into Etrigan to help them against Gamemnae, Blood insists that Zatanna is the one they need, sacrificing himself to Gamemnae's quagmire spell in order to free Zatanna.
She subsequently joins Nightwing, Firestorm and Hawkgirl in travelling back to ancient Atlantis, where Aquaman has been trapped in a pool of water as a water wraith, Firestorm creating a channel between the pool and the sea before Zatanna casts a spell that allowed the water-based Aquaman to control the entire ocean as his body, allowing him to sink Atlantis in the past and present and disrupt Gamemnae's power.
Zatanna, Hawkman, and the Atom (Ray Palmer) vote for such action, while Green Arrow, Black Canary, and Green Lantern vote against.
When Zatanna helps Batman with reconnaissance at one of Ra's al Ghul's Lazarus Pits, she asks him why he came to her.
In it, at a support group for superheroes, she recounts a failed magical ritual to search for her father's tomes, during which one of her past spells summons a shapeshifter named Gwydion, who kills her companions.
She eventually regains her confidence and powers, and uses them to defeat Zor, a rogue Time Tailor who released the Sheeda as a plague to infect and degrade the entire universe.
In the final battle against the Sheeda, Zatanna casts a spell to move time and space, retroactively positioning the Seven Soldiers to overthrow the Sheeda.
Bruce helps Zatanna investigate the death of one of her former assistants; all clues point to a performer named Ivar Loxias.
Zatanna is able to heal herself by writing a curing spell in her own blood, and she is instrumental in foiling the Joker's scheme.
Called upon to help with Red Tornado's restoration in his android form, she aids the League when they are attacked by a new, powerful iteration of Amazo.
During the battle, Zatanna has her mouth magically removed with her spells, and once again uses her blood to write out spells and restore it.
She is silenced again after Amazo uses his power ring to create a gag for her mouth that she is unable to remove, rendering her useless for much of the fight.
After Wonder Woman throws off Amazo's concentration and causes the gag to vanish, Zatanna defeats Amazo once and for all by using Red Tornado's soul.
Zatanna later accompanies Firestorm, Black Lightning, and Batman to Metropolis after they come to believe Kimiyo Hoshi has been kidnapped by agents of the covert metahuman team known as the Shadow Cabinet.
After a brief conflict, Zatanna and the others are informed by teenaged superheroine Rocket that Kimiyo's perceived abduction was actually a misunderstanding caused by the Shadow Cabinet's mission to seek out her help in dealing with the cosmic vampire known as Starbreaker.
With assistance from Hardware and Icon, Zatanna and her comrades are able to defeat Starbreaker in a battle in the Himalayas.
After taking the team to the Hall of Justice to find Firestorm, she is forced to fight the undead form of her father, continually pitting the black magic he wields against her own; it is implied she was successful in banishing the Black Lantern, but was left psychologically crushed from having to kill her father again.
No longer an active member of the JLA, Zatanna is asked by officer Dale Colton to help solve a murder case at a restaurant frequented by mobsters.
Zatanna informs Dale that the murderer was a powerful sorcerer known as Brother Night, who rules the supernatural crime scene in San Francisco.
After Zatanna shows up at Night's demonic nightclub and threatens him, he responds by calling upon a powerful nightmare demon for help in battling her, but Zatanna defeats and imprisons the demon to aid her later.
A crooked casino owner who had made a deal for eternal youth with the demon of avarice by selling the souls of his brides to the demon attempts to use a love potion to win Zatanna's soul.
When her cousin Zachary breaks the spell, the casino owner begs Zatanna to turn him into a soulless lump of gold in order to escape torment in Hell.
Aside from Brother Night, Zatanna faces other threats, such as Oscar Hample, a man who tried to murder her when she was a child and was turned into a puppet by her father.
In the first issue, she learns that Superman, Wonder Woman, and Cyborg have been defeated by the Enchantress and volunteers her services to the League.
Later on, it is revealed Bruce would like to see her in hopes that she will teach him more about magic that would revive Tim Drake.
Zatanna has had various romantic relationships with fellow DC characters, including John Constantine (with whom she practiced tantra) and Doctor Thirteen.
Zatanna had a flirtational relationship with her fellow Justice Leaguer Barry Allen / The Flash shortly after the death of his wife Iris.
Both later concede that Bruce is too devoted to his cause as Batman to give her the relationship she wishes for, but the pair reaffirm their bond as close friends.
A pep talk between the two women confirms how Zatanna really meant, during the fateful discussion with Bruce, to explore the possibility of a true romance, but turned out quietly resigned to the role of best friend and confidant.
She has proven capable on many occasions of casting spells by speaking normally, and, in rarer occasions, the ability to use magic for simple tasks without speaking.
Like Black Canary, Zatanna's reliance on her voice often leads to her being bound and gagged by villains, a measure that renders her 'powerless'.
It is used as a last resort, only to heal from severe physical damage preventing her from speaking, like having her larynx mangled by a bullet, or her mouth magically erased by her own powers.
Her magical powers increase if not used, but overuse can deplete them to the point that further use strains her physical well-being; as with other magical users, the only way to restore her waning powers is an extended period of rest.
While not as adept as Madame Xanadu, Zatanna has proven herself able to call upon tarot reading for insight or divination.
Apparently, such a task does not require verbal incantations, spoken or written, at all, nor is it tied to a specific tarot deck.
She is often depicted working alongside the most powerful magic-users on Earth, including Circe, Madame Xanadu, John Constantine, Enchantress, and Doctor Fate, while on another occasion Jason Blood sacrificed himself to free Zatanna from a trap as he felt that she was better qualified to face the current threat than he was.
She has used her powers to command elemental forces, heal, transmute and transmogrify objects, manipulate minds, and attack her opponents with energy blasts.
During a portion of her initial tenure with the Justice League, her powers were more limited, consisting in the manipulation of fire, air, water, and earth.
While possessing similar powers, the character was visually distinct from Zatanna, depicting her as a dark-skinned woman in a purple jumpsuit, jackboots, and yellow turban with a long cape.
In the Amalgam Comics universe, Zatanna is merged with Scarlet Witch of the Avengers to form a character known as Wanda Zatara, the White Witch.
Her lover, John Constantine, confronted her during one of her shows in an attempt to rescue her, but knowing they were surrounded, Zatanna transformed John into a rabbit and kept him under her care to prevent his death.
He eventually convinces her to use her magic to aid the Allies, which she does by transforming her soul into a large, spiritual dove that aids Batwoman in freeing a refugee camp.
Their attempts are discovered by the Nazis, and the two are depowered of their magic (with John being turned back into a human) and sent into the ghettos.
Zatanna slowly gains her powers back over time, and finds a kindred spirit in another magic user imprisoned by the Joker's Daughter, Raven.
Zatanna later approaches Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley) and offers him a deal: she will grant him a wish if he returns her father's magical book to her.
Once she acquires the Book of Zatara from Green Arrow, whom she recognizes as Oliver, she reveals her aim is to use it to resurrect her father.
Because Clark is vulnerable to magic, and Oliver lacks the power to stop her, Zatanna has to realize for herself that her father sacrificed himself so she could live.
She later goes to Oliver to explain herself, and decides to help him if he encounters any supernatural foes along the way by leaving him her phone number.
In season ten episodes which feature the government attempting to hunt down the Justice League, Zatanna's picture is shown among their targets.
The Blue Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 27 stations in Fairfax County, Alexandria and Arlington, Virginia; the District of Columbia; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
The line shares tracks with the Orange Line for 13 stations, the Silver Line for 18, and the Yellow Line for six.
From May 22, 2019 to September 8, 2019 all Blue and Yellow Line services terminated at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport due to platform reconstruction.
Planning for Metro began with the Mass Transportation Survey in 1955 which attempted to forecast both freeway and mass transit systems sufficient to meet the needs of 1980.
Because the plan called for extensive freeway construction within the District of Columbia, alarmed residents lobbied for federal legislation creating a moratorium on freeway construction through July 1, 1962.
With the formation of WMATA in October 1966, planning of the system shifted from federal hands to a regional body with representatives of the District, Maryland and Virginia.
Instead, routes had to serve each local suburban jurisdiction to assure that they would approve bond referenda to finance the system.
The Virginia portion of the Blue Line took much of its present form along the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad right-of-way to Colchester, as construction along existing right-of-way is the least expensive way to build into the suburbs.
A surface-level section of the Blue Line that parallels Virginia State Route 110 where passing Arlington National Cemetery and traveling between The Pentagon and Rosslyn replaced a section of the closed Rosslyn Connecting Railroad, a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
The railroad's predecessor, the Washington Southern Railway, constructed the section in 1896 within the grade of the old disused Alexandria Canal.
In March 1968, the WMATA board approved its Adopted Regional System (ARS) which included the Blue Line from Huntington to Addison Road, with a possible extension to Largo.
Local residents objected to a proposed 1,000-car commuter parking lot at that station and the traffic that it would generate in the neighborhood.
In reaction to their lobbying, the DC government insisted that the station be removed and that the tunnel for the line be extended through the neighborhood.
To be constructed as an above ground station in the parking lot north of RFK Stadium near Oklahoma Avenue, the station was canceled saving Metro $12 million and the alignment of the line was shifted slightly to the east to address neighbor concerns.
To better accommodate tourists, a Smithsonian station exit was added on the Mall and the federal government requested in 1972 that the Arlington Cemetery Station be added to the Blue Line.
Service on the Blue Line began on July 1, 1977, on 18 stations between National Airport in Arlington and Stadium-Armory in Washington – the first link of the Metro to Virginia.
From its opening on November 20, 1978, until December 11, 1979, the Orange Line was co-aligned with the Blue Line from National Airport to Stadium-Armory, with the Orange Line continuing east from Stadium-Armory to New Carrollton.
The Blue and Orange Lines remain co-aligned from Rosslyn to Stadium-Armory and the Silver Line is co-signed along the same route as well.
This was changed due to a shortage of rail cars at the time of the completion of the line to Huntington.
Because fewer rail cars were required to operate Yellow Line service than would be required to run Blue Line service out to Huntington – due to the Yellow Line's shorter route – the line designations were switched.
From 1999 to 2008, the Blue Line operated to Huntington on July 4, as part of Metro's special Independence Day service pattern.
By the time the extension opened in 2004, professional basketball and hockey had relocated to a new arena atop the Gallery Place Station and the Capital Centre was replaced with a shopping mall.
In 1998, Congress changed the name of the Washington National Airport to the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport with the law specifying that no money be spent to implement the name change.
As a result, WMATA did not change the name of the National Airport Station (which never included the full name of the airport).
In response to repeated inquiries from Republican congressmen that the station be renamed, WMATA stated that stations are renamed only at the request of the local jurisdiction.
To accommodate these platform reconstructions, Blue and Yellow Lines south of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport would be closed from May to September 2019, in what would be the longest line closure in Metro's history.
The southwestern terminal of the Blue Line is the Franconia–Springfield Station located at the intersection of Frontier Drive and the Franconia-Springfield Parkway (Virginia Route 289).
The line travels above ground along the CSX Railroad right of way where it joins the Yellow Line just south of King Street in Old Town Alexandria.
The joint line continues north along the CSX Railroad until it curves to the east on an elevated bridge adjacent to the National Airport terminal.
The Blue Line then enters a subway tunnel under 15th Street South in Crystal City and bends north under Hayes Street and then The Pentagon parking lots.
The Blue Line separates from the Yellow Line in this tunnel and emerges on surface tracks that parallel Virginia State Route 110 before entering a tunnel south of Rosslyn, where it merges with the Orange Line and Silver Line.
The tunnel travels under North Lynn Street and then the Potomac River where it bends to the east and travels under I Street NW.
The tunnel then turns east under D Street SW, where it passes under the Yellow and Green Lines in the L'Enfant Plaza station.
The Blue Line then bends north under 19th Street SE and transitions to an elevated line in the RFK Stadium parking lot near Oklahoma Avenue NE.
At this point the line splits from the Orange Line and enters a tunnel under Benning Road and East Capitol Street.
This plan was intended to clear congestion at Rosslyn Station, where the Blue and Orange lines meet and ultimately prepare the tracks to accommodate the Silver Line.
Under the plan, Blue Line trains continued on the usual route but some Yellow Line trains originated at Franconia–Springfield and were routed over the Fenwick Bridge to Greenbelt.
During rush hour there were fewer Blue Line trains on the tracks which could mean potentially increased wait times for regular Blue Line customers.
On November 16, 1995, WMATA and the developer of the Potomac Yard area of Alexandria, Virginia, signed an agreement to construct a new station between Braddock Road and National Airport that will be financed by the developer.
The Federal Transit Administration, in cooperation with WMATA, the National Park Service and The City of Alexandria government, completed an environmental impact statement for the project in June 2016.
A July 2005 study proposed connecting the eastern mezzanine of Metro Center with the western mezzanine of Gallery Place that are only one block apart.
The proposed connection would reduce the number of passengers that use the Red Line to transfer between the Yellow Line and the Blue and Orange lines at Metro Center.
In addition, a transportation planning group has proposed an extension of the Blue Line that would reach Potomac Mills in Prince William County.
Since Mumbai had great batting line-up at that time and he wouldn't have got the opportunity to play first-class cricket for Mumbai immediately.
His first-class average keeps him forever on the fringes of higher honours, and he was a serious contender for a national one-day slot for quite a while before he finally got his chance, against Australia in the 2003–04 VB Series.
In 2007, Gavaskar signed a contract with Indian Cricket League, playing for the Kolkata Tigers which was declared unauthorised by BCCI.
After breaking his links with the league, and returning to mainstream Indian domestic cricket, he was selected to play in the third season of the Indian Premier League for the Kolkata Knight Riders.
He was one among the 71 players granted amnesty by the BCCI in June 2009, marking his return to the official fold.
Gavaskar was selected for the Indian cricket team to tour Australia in 2004, and made his ODI debut after Mohammad Kaif was forced out of the team due to injury.
He did not make a lasting impression on the international game, and his last ODI came during the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy.
He has been seen on doing commentary in IPL 2013 and shows on Star Sports' Star Power and NDTV's sports show.
He studied at St. Xaviers Collegiate School, Kolkata, Bombay Scottish School, and then Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics.
The Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program.
The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle.
The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks for liquid hydrogen, the aerospike engine, autonomous (uncrewed) flight control, rapid flight turn-around times through streamlined operations, and its lifting body aerodynamics.
Failures of its 21-meter wingspan and multi-lobed, composite-material fuel tank during pressure testing ultimately led to the withdrawal of federal support for the program in early 2001.
Lockheed Martin has conducted unrelated testing, and has had a single success after a string of failures as recently as 2009 using a 2-meter scale model.
In 1994 NASA initiated the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program, which among other things led to the development of the X-33 within a few years.
The X-33 contract was awarded to LM in 1996, and $1 billion was spent through 1999 with about 80 percent coming from NASA and additional money contributed by private companies.
However, the X-33 program was cancelled in early 2001 after the project had problems with a carbon composite hydrogen fuel tank.
Through the use of the lifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design.
A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit.
While the X-33 would not approach airplane-like safety, the X-33 would attempt to demonstrate 0.997 reliability, or 3 mishaps out of 1,000 launches, which would be an order of magnitude more reliable than the Space Shuttle.
The uncrewed craft would have been launched vertically from a specially designed facility constructed on Edwards Air Force Base, and landed horizontally (VTHL) on a runway at the end of its mission.
Once those test flights were completed, further flight tests were to be conducted from Edwards AFB to Malmstrom AFB in Great Falls, Montana, to gather more complete data on aircraft heating and engine performance at higher speeds and altitudes.
On 2 July 1996, NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works of Palmdale, California, to design, build, and test the X-33 experimental vehicle for the RLV program.
Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle.
It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the flight glide back down to a runway.
The X-33 was never intended to fly higher than an altitude of 100 km, nor faster than one-half of orbital velocity.
Based on the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means.
The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider.
Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology required to make a commercial reusable launch vehicle possible.
The VentureStar was intended for long inter-continental flights and supposed to be in service by 2012, but this project was never funded or begun.
Construction of the prototype was some 85% assembled with 96% of the parts and the launch facility 100% complete when the program was canceled by NASA in 2001, after a long series of technical difficulties including flight instability and excess weight.
A hydrogen fueled SSTO craft's mass fraction requires that the weight of the vehicle without fuel be 10% of the fully fueled weight.
This would allow a vehicle to fly to low Earth orbit without the need for the sort of external boosters and fuel tanks used by the Space Shuttle.
But, after the composite tank failed on the test stand during fueling and pressure tests, NASA came to the conclusion that the technology of the time was simply not advanced enough for such a design.
While the composite tank walls themselves were lighter, the odd hydrogen tank shape resulted in complex joints increasing the total mass of the composite tank to above that of an aluminum-based tank.
Due to changes in the space launch business—including the challenges faced by companies such as Globalstar, Teledesic, and Iridium and the resulting drop in the anticipated number of commercial satellite launches per year—Lockheed Martin deemed that continuing development of the X-33 privately without government support would not be profitable.
On September 7, 2004, Northrop Grumman and NASA engineers unveiled a liquid-hydrogen tank made of carbon-fiber composite material that had demonstrated the ability for repeated fuelings and simulated launch cycles.
Northrop Grumman concluded that these successful tests have enabled the development and refinement of new manufacturing processes that will allow the company to build large composite tanks without an autoclave; and design and engineering development of conformal fuel tanks appropriate for use on a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle.
The process of tie-dye typically consists of folding, twisting, pleating, or crumpling fabric or a garment and binding with string or rubber bands, followed by application of dye(s).
The manipulations of the fabric prior to application of dye are called resists, as they partially or completely prevent the applied dye from coloring the fabric.
More sophisticated tie-dyes involve additional steps, including an initial application of dye prior to the resist, multiple sequential dye and resist steps, and the use of other types of resists (stitching, stencils) and discharge.
These patterns, including the spiral, mandala, and peace sign, and the use of multiple bold colors, have become cliched since the peak popularity of tie-dye in the 1960s and 1970s.
However, a new interest in more 'sophisticated' tie-dye is emerging in the fashion industry, characterized by simple motifs, monochromatic color schemes, and a focus on fashionable garments and fabrics other than cotton.
In order to be effective on different fibers, these dyes are composed of several different dyes, and thus are less effective, and more likely to bleed and fade, than pure dyes designed for specific fibers.
This is the basis for the famous 'pink socks' phenomenon that occurs when fabrics dyed with mixed dyes are washed with other garments.
Most tie-dyes are now dyed with Procion MX fiber reactive dyes, a class of dyes effective on cellulose fibers such as cotton, hemp, rayon, and linen.
Soda ash (sodium carbonate) is the most common agent used to raise the pH and initiate the reaction, and is either added directly to the dye, or in a solution of water in which garments are soaked before dyeing.
Protein-based fibers such as silk, wool, and feathers, as well as the synthetic polyamide fiber, nylon, can be dyed with acid dyes.
As may be expected from the name, acid dyes are effective at acidic (low) pH, where they form ionic bonds with the fiber.
Vat dyes are insoluble in water in their unreduced form, and the vat dye must be chemically reduced before they can be used to color fabric.
This is accomplished by heating the dye in a strongly basic solution of sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium carbonate (caustic potash) containing a reducing agent such as sodium hydrosulfite or thiourea dioxide.
The fabric is immersed in the dye bath, and after removal the vat dye oxidizes to its insoluble form, binding with high wash-fastness to the fiber.
However, vat dyes, and especially indigo, must be treated after dyeing by 'soaping' to prevent the dye from rubbing (crocking) off.
Vat dyes can be used to simultaneously dye the fabric and to remove underlying fiber-reactive dye (i.e., can dye a black cotton fabric yellow) because of the bleaching action of the reducing bath (see below).
The extra complexity and safety issues (particularly when using strong bases such as lye) restrict use of vat dyes in tie-dye to experts.
Discharge agents are used to bleach color from the previously-dyed fabrics, and can be used as a reverse tie-dye, where application of the agent results in loss of color rather than its application.
Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) can be used to discharge fiber reactive dyes on bleach-resistant fibers such as cotton or hemp (but not on wool or silk), though the results are variable, as some fiber reactive dyes are more resistant to bleach than others.
It is important to bleach as long as required to obtain the desired shade (which will be lighter than observed on wet, unwashed fabric), and to neutralize the bleach with agents such as sodium bisulfite, to prevent damage to the fibers.
Since thiourea dioxide only bleaches in the absence of oxygen, and the fabric to be bleached retains oxygen, a fractal pattern of bleaching will be observed.
This is in distinct contrast with household bleach discharge, where the bleaching agent penetrates fabric easily (particularly in bleach formulations containing detergent).
For example, pleating fabric multiple times and clamping on a resist will yield a clear design after outlining the resist with household bleach, but discharge with reducing agents will only partially penetrate the resisted area.
In general, discharge techniques, particularly using household bleach, are a readily accessible way to tie-dye without use of often messy and relatively expensive dyes.
It is particularly easy to put design on cloth using stencils and sprayed-on solutions of household bleach, but the intricate and unintended results of discharge using reducing agents often surpasses the results of oxidizing discharge techniques.
Tie-dye can be used to create a wide variety of designs on fabric, from standard patterns such as the spiral, peace sign, diamond, and the marble effect to beautiful works of art.
Using techniques such as stencils (a la screen printing using dyes or discharge pastes), clamped-on shaped blocks, and tritik (stitching and gathering), tie-dye can produce almost any design desired.
Shibori includes a number of labor-intensive resist techniques which include stitching elaborate patterns and tightly gathering the stitching before dyeing, forming intricate designs for kimonos.
Another shibori method is to wrap the fabric around a core of rope, wood or other material, and bind it tightly with string or thread.
Plangi and tritik are Indonesian words, derived from Japanese words, for methods related to tie-dye, and 'bandhna' a term from India, giving rise to the Bandhani fabrics of Rajasthan.
Tie-dye techniques have also been used for centuries in the Hausa region of West Africa, with renowned indigo dye pits located in and around Kano, Nigeria.
Tie-dyeing was known in the US by 1909, when Professor Charles E. Pellow of Columbia University acquired some samples of tie-dyed muslin and subsequently gave a lecture and live demonstration of the technique.
Although shibori and batik techniques were used occasionally in Western fashion before the 1960s, modern psychedelic tie-dying did not become a fad until the late 1960s following the example set by rock stars such as Janis Joplin and John Sebastian (who did his own dyeing).
Tie-dying, particularly after the introduction of affordable Rit dyes, became popular as a cheap and accessible way to customize inexpensive T-shirts, singlets, dresses, jeans, army surplus clothing, and other garments into psychedelic creations.
Up Tied created tie-dyed velvets and silk chiffons which were used for exclusive one-of-a-kind garments by Halston, Donald Brooks, and Gayle Kirkpatrick, whilst another tie-dyer, Smooth Tooth Inc. dyed garments for Dior and Jonathan Logan.
In late 1960s London, Gordon Deighton created tie-dyed shirts and trousers for young fashionable men which he sold through the Simpsons of Piccadilly department store in London.
He was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1990 to October 2004, representing the Division of La Trobe, Victoria.
He was a foreman, supervisor, International Marketing Manager and Managing Director of an instrument company and Chairman and Managing Director of a construction company.
He moved to Australia in 1969, became a citizen of Australia in 1974, and was first elected to the La Trobe seat in 1990.
The series did not, in fact, depict a conflict between the Land of Oz and Wonderland, which plotter E. Nelson Bridwell considered antithetical to Ozite politics, but rather depicted the Nome King retrieving the magic belt and using his powers against both Oz and Wonderland, with the Zoo Crew coming in as reinforcements against him.
Earth-C consisted of a world where various anthropomorphized talking animals existed; the series featured many animal-themed pun names for real-world aspects.
Reference was also made to Fastback's uncle being Merton McSnurtle, a Golden Age funny animal superhero known as the Terrific Whatzit.
The origin of the team came about when Superman was investigating a strange phenomenon causing the citizens of Metropolis to begin acting like their primate ancestors.
Flying towards outer space, he encountered an energy barrier around the Earth, but after noticing a meteor pass through unaffected, he grabbed the meteor and attempted to use it to get him through the barrier.
There, Superman met several of the world's residents, who had gained superpowers when they were struck by the various meteorite fragments.
The animals and Superman soon teamed up to stop the source of the ray (which was also causing the denizens of Earth-C to behave like their non-anthropomorphic animal ancestors), which turned out to be the old Justice League villain Starro the Conqueror, a starfish-shaped alien, who was launching his de-evolution assault from the Earth-C universe's Pluto.
For instance, they would often take on a foe in pairs, and find themselves interfering with each other and being put out of action as a result.
However, as the series progressed, the Zoo Crew persevered to develop their tactics in order to become a coherent fighting force.
Yankee Poodle has lost her secret identity and is a fugitive from the law, accused of trying to assassinate President Mallard Fillmore.
Fastback has disappeared, Pig-Iron and Rubberduck operate as underground superheroes against the current anti-superhero law and Captain Carrot is in self-imposed retirement after the death of his partner, Carrie Carrot, at the hands (or paws) of Armordillo and Frogzilla.
A new hero, the American Eagle, overhears Pig-Iron, Rubberduck and Yankee Poodle at the scene of Little Cheese's murder when they decide to regroup in order to avenge him.
The others are disappointed when Abra refuses to rejoin the team, but rejoice when the American Eagle brings Captain Carrot back to them.
The president bribed Alley-Kat-Abra to reveal all of the Zoo Crew's secrets to the government; she took the money and made herself rich and famous.
She banished Fastback into the future, killed Little Cheese and framed Yankee Poodle for the crime when she got too close to finding out what had happened to Fastback.
When Alley-Kat-Abra is arrested for murdering Little Cheese, she tells them that she did it simply because she is a cat and cats hate mice.
It is revealed that they enlisted the aid of Chip Hunter, Time Master in a successful rescue of Fastback from the future.
The government immediately stopped funding the Zoo Crew, and they were forced to leave their headquarters and all of the equipment that came with it.
Rubberduck's acting career as Byrd Rentals was all but over, but he did get a reality TV show featuring him and other washed-up actors.
Pig-Iron got a job working on an oil derrick, and Yankee Poodle became the highest-rated talk show host in the business after she was exonerated of all charges.
The Zoo Crew operated briefly in defiance of the new law in a battle with the Salamandroid (at a comic book convention where Roger Rodney Rabbit was on a writers' panel) and again when they learn of a threat to destroy Gnu York's greatest landmarks.
After defeating Frogzilla, Abra tells her former teammates that she was imprisoned there by Dark Alley, an evil version of herself created by the Just'a Lotta Animals foe Feline Faust.
Pig-Iron vouches for her and tells them that she contacted him telepathically from the netherworld while he was in Frogzilla's belly and told him her escape plan.
The team accepts her back as a probationary member (until they are sure that they can trust her again) and they promptly go to search for the Salamandroid's base under the ocean.
When President Arnold reveals that the ID collars have eliminated the powers of every superhero on Earth-26, the Zoo Crew summons the Just'a Lotta Animals for help.
Green Lambkin leads a JLA team (including Hawkmoose, the Elon-Gator, the Crash, the Batmouse and Zap-Panda) to help, and they and the Zoo Crew fight in vain to stop the flood.
As Pig-Iron stays behind battling Starro hoof to tentacle, Green Lambkin, Zap-Panda and the Crash combine their powers to transport the ship full of refugees to Earth-C-Minus.
En route, the JLA encounters Muttron, Lightstray and Orihound of the New Dogs; while the two groups face off, the ship is accidentally sucked into the New Dogs' Kaboom Tube and sent to New Earth.
Hawkgirl, Zatanna and the Red Arrow encounter the ship and land it safely, but all of the passengers, including the Zoo Crew, have been transformed into non-anthropomorphic animals.
Zatanna takes Roger Rodney Rabbit to participate in her stage show, as the other transformed Zoo Crew members look on helplessly (a pig is among the transformed Crew, although Pig-Iron had not been on the ship when it left).
3) #30-31, deceased Earth-C meta-animals named (other than Little Cheese) include Carrie Carrot, Giant Giraffe, Marvel Bunny Jr., Ballistic Baboon, Amazing Ant, and Power Panda.
Precanceled stamps are typically used by mass mailers, who can save the postal system time and effort by prearranging to use the precancels, and delivering the stamped mail ready for sorting.
Around the early twentieth century, some U.S. business colleges used specially pre-cancelled stamps or stamp-like labels to train students in the handling of stamps.
Steven Michele Ciobo ( ) (born 29 May 1974) is an Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives representing the Division of Moncrieff from the 2001 federal election until his retirement at the 2019 election.
Ciobo served as the Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment in the Turnbull Government from February 2016 until his resignation on 21 August 2018 in the wake of the Liberal Party leadership spill earlier that day.
He previously served as Minister for International Development and the Pacific from September 2015 to February 2016, and earlier as a parliamentary secretary in the Abbott Government from September 2013 to September 2015 (initially to the Treasurer and later to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Trade and Investment).
Ciobo's father was born in Bari, Italy, while his paternal grandfather was born in Valona (Vlorë), which at the time was part of Ottoman Albania.
Ciobo graduated in law and commerce from Bond University and earned a master's degree in law from the Queensland University of Technology.
Before entering parliament, Ciobo worked as a consultant with Coopers & Lybrand, as a senior consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers, and as an adviser to Senator Brett Mason.
Ciobo has repeatedly called for the introduction of daylight saving for South East Queensland, despite this position being at odds of that of the Liberal National Party in the Queensland Parliament.
In 2005, he urged the government to change the law to strip naturalised Australians of their citizenship if they incite, support or engage in terrorist activity.
In 2006, Ciobo called for the first home owner grant to be doubled, a policy which was adopted by the Rudd government in October 2008 as an economic stimulus measure.
In the lead up to the 2007 federal election, responding to a dare from a local radio station, Ciobo and his wife were thrown into the air on a sling shot bungee at the Surfers Paradise Adrenalin Park.
While hurled up in the air, Ciobo's wife spotted one of her husband's stolen election signs on the balcony of a Surfers Paradise apartment.
After the Coalition lost the 2007 election, Ciobo was made Shadow Minister for Small Business, the Service Economy and Tourism in the Shadow Cabinet of Brendan Nelson.
Nelson promoted him into the shadow ministry despite Ciobo publicly pledging his support for Nelson's opponent, Malcolm Turnbull, in the previous month's leadership ballot.
When Turnbull replaced Nelson as leader in September 2008, Ciobo's portfolio was changed to Shadow Minister for Small Business, Independent Contractors, Tourism and the Arts.
He subsequently demoted Ciobo to the outer frontbench, as the Shadow Minister for Tourism and the Arts and the Shadow Minister for Youth and Sport.
In September 2010, shortly after the 2010 federal election, Opposition Leader Tony Abbott removed Ciobo from the shadow ministry, relegating him to the backbench.
He also said Garrett's move to scrap the Uluru climb would be another setback to the tourism industry which had been hit hard by the global economic downturn.
In April 2011, Ciobo called for a radical rethink of the tourism strategy for the Gold Coast, calling on the city to focus on more casinos and glitz.
He said turning Surfers Paradise into a world-class entertainment precinct to rival Las Vegas and Macau was the solution to save the Gold Coast from rising unemployment and economic doom.
In 2011 Ciobo and Labor MP Kelvin Thompson were seconded to the United Nations in New York City for 12 weeks.
Ciobo was a prominent opponent of Andrew Wilkie's plan (initially adopted by the Gillard Government but later shelved) to require all poker machine players to set a daily betting limit.
He was also appointed as Australia's alternate governor to the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Ciobo was given responsibility for the Foreign Investment Review Board, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Royal Australian Mint, the National Housing Supply Council and the Australian Valuation Office.
In December 2014, Ciobo was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and to the Minister for Trade and Investment.
In June 2015, Ciobo was part of an ABC Q&A panel when he was asked a question from a member of the live audience.
The questioner, Zaky Mallah, was the first to be charged under new anti-terrorism laws in 2003, and had been found not guilty after spending two years in a correctional facility pending trial.
Ciobo responded that he understood Mallah's acquittal had been on a technicality, and he would be happy to see the government remove Mallah from Australia.
Abbott subsequently banned front bench members of his government from appearing on Q&A, demanding that the show be moved to another part of the ABC's editorial programming.
He was subsequently made Minister for International Development and the Pacific – a new position – in the first Turnbull Ministry.
Ciobo ran In the August 2018 Deputy Liberal Party leadership spill Minister for the Environment and Energy Josh Frydenberg won a majority in the first round with 46 votes, while Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment Steven Ciobo received 20 and Minister for Health Greg Hunt received 16.
In 2010, he told a newspaper his happiest moment was when his son, who was born with a heart condition, came through a five-and-a-half-hour operation well.
Doug told drummer Kurt Kerns and guitarist Matt Dudenhoeffer about it and thought that Gravity Kills would be a great name for the band.
Kurt and Matt really made sense of the name when comparing what they were doing with music (deconstructing samples and noise) to an architect they were both into named Lebbeus Woods and his theories regarding deconstruction and ultimately reconstruction.
In response to a contest from St. Louis area radio station KPNT for a compilation CD of local artists, keyboardist/programmer Doug Firley, guitarist Matt Dudenhoeffer and drummer/bassist Kurt Kerns brought in vocalist Jeff Scheel to record and mix a track in one week during the summer of 1994.
Hollywood also embraced the band's music as they landed songs on 3 high-profile soundtracks: Seven, Mortal Kombat and Escape from L.A.
With the success of the first album, the band quickly established itself on the rock scene as one of the most promising young bands in the industrial music scene.
On April 19, 1998, Jeff Scheel suffered a whiplash when he got overexcited during a warm-up gig in the April 19 show at the University Wellness & Activities in San Antonio, Texas.
He had not performed live with the band since previous live concert at the Q101 Festival in Chicago, IL on October 16, 1997, during the club in what was supposed to be a low-key gig that attracted 6,000 fans, according to the band's label, TVT Records.
The injury, which put Scheel out of commission for a few weeks, came less than a week before Junkie XL leader Tom Holkenborg injured his back in an onstage accident.
The station's DJ tried to get the crowd to stop, but he was having mic problems and the crowd ignored him.
In August 1999, drummer Kurt Kerns had left the band, reasons for leaving as a chance for him to spend time with his family and to return to practicing architecture.
The UK version of the album was released by Mayan Records (which was a part of Sanctuary Records) and the Japan version of the album was released by Victor Entertainment.
Just after the album's release, on May 3, 2002, Gravity Kills' keyboardist Doug Firley sustained serious injury to his hand in Allentown, Pennsylvania while performing in front of a sold out crowd.
The band returned home to St. Louis after finishing the weekend shows in NJ and Rochester, NY for Doug to seek treatment and had to sell off the components of the recording studio it owned, thus ending the current cycle of tour dates.
Matt Dudenhoeffer returned to an engineering job, while Doug Firley went on tour with Alicia Keys as a keyboard tech and then worked as a draftsman before forming the production team Shock City Productions with Chris Loesch.
Gravity Kills confirmed rumors that have persisted over the past year on October 20, 2009 and the band has announced that they are working on new music.
More recently, the band performed in Tulsa at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino on May 7, 2010, and at Roberts Orpheum Theater in St. Louis, MO on June 25, 2010 at 7:00pm, part of a benefit show.
Kurt recovered the video by capturing it on a videotape when it was aired and then he passed the videotape footage to Jeff.
On December 13 2018, Gravity Kills noted on their official Facebook page that the last time the band had performed together was on November 23, 2012 at The Pageant in St. Louis, Missouri.
William de Valence (died 18 May 1296), born Guillaume de Lusignan, was a French nobleman and knight who became important in English politics due to his relationship to King Henry III of England.
He was heavily involved in the Second Barons' War, supporting the King and Prince Edward against the rebels led by Simon de Montfort.
He was the fourth son of Isabella of Angoulême, widow of John, King of England, and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, and was thus a half-brother to Henry III, and uncle to Edward I. William was born in the , Couhé-Vérac, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, near Lusignan, sometime in the late 1220s (his elder sister Alice was born in 1224).
The French conquest of Poitou in 1246 created great difficulties for William's family, and so he and his brothers, Guy de Lusignan and Aymer, accepted Henry III's invitation to come to England in 1247.
As an eventual co-heiress of the Marshal estates, Joan de Munchensi's portion included the castle and lordship of Pembroke and the lordship erected earldom of Wexford in Ireland.
The custody of Joan's property was entrusted to her husband, who apparently assumed the lordships of Pembroke and Wexford between 1250 and 1260.
This favouritism to royal relatives was unpopular with many of the English nobility, a discontent which would culminate in the Second Barons' War.
From his new lands in South Wales, he tried to regain the palatine rights which had been attached to the Earldom of Pembroke, but his energies were not confined to this.
The King heaped lands and honours upon him, and he was soon thoroughly hated as one of the most prominent of the rapacious foreigners.
Moreover, some trouble in Wales led to a quarrel between him and Simon de Montfort, who was to become the figurehead for the rebels.
He refused to comply with the provisions imposed on the King at Oxford in 1258, and took refuge in Wolvesey Castle at Winchester, where he was besieged and compelled to surrender and leave the country.
However, in 1259 William and de Montfort were formally reconciled in Paris, and in 1261 Valence was again in England and once more enjoying the royal favour.
He fought for Henry at the disastrous Battle of Lewes, and after the defeat again fled to France, while de Montfort ruled England.
However, by 1265 he was back, landing in Pembrokeshire, and taking part in the Siege of Gloucester and the final royalist victory at Evesham.
From his base in Pembrokeshire he was a mainstay of the English campaigns against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and later Dafydd ap Gruffudd; in the war of 1282–3 that led to the conquest of Wales he negotiated the surrender of one of Dafydd's last remaining castles, Castell-y-Bere, with its custodian, Cynfrig ap Madog.
He also went several times to France on public business and he was one of Edward's representatives in the famous suit over the succession to the crown of Scotland in 1291 and 1292.
The commissioner is appointed to represent the Canadian federal government and performs many of the same duties of lieutenant governors in Canadian provinces, such as swearing in members of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut and approving territorial legislation.
However, unlike a lieutenant governor or the Governor General of Canada, the commissioner is not a viceroy and does not represent the Canadian monarch.
Like other territorial commissioners, he or she is appointed by the Government of Canada and represents the Canadian cabinet in the territory.
The role of Deputy Commissioner was added in 2005 by amending the Public Officer Act and Seals Act to be inline with the Yukon and Northwest Territories.
The duties of the Commissioner is similar to that of the lieutenant governors of the provinces, but, they represent the Government of Canada not the monarch therefore, they are not viceroys.
It is 21.9 miles from Grand Central Terminal and travel time to Grand Central is about 51 minutes on local trains and 36 to 42 minutes on express/semi-express trains.
The Hudson River Railroad reached the settlement by 1849; the first passengers on a regularly scheduled run through the village paid fifty cents to travel from Peekskill to Chambers Street in Manhattan on September 29, 1849.
The community was in the process of renaming itself after author Washington Irving, despite the fact that he was still alive at the time.
The HRR was acquired by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1869, and the New York Central Railroad in 1913.
As with most of the stations along the Hudson Line, it was transformed into a Penn Central station when New York Central merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968.
Bankruptcy of the company followed by 1970, and Penn Central eventually turned passenger service over to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York, who made it part of Metro-North in 1983.
Irvington's former New York Central Railroad station, built in 1889, has been a contributing property of the Irvington Historic District since January 15, 2014.
Since being retired as a ticket office in 1957, it has been utilized as an art and curio shop, an office for the Weyerhauser lumber yard which was located on the other side of the tracks – now Scenic Hudson Park – and the office of an architectural firm.
In June 2016, Irvington Fire Chief Christopher D. DePaoli was one of 23 recipients of the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission medal for heroism.
In April 2015, DePaoli stepped in when he saw a woman being attacked by a man with a knife on the station platform.
DePaoli was able get between the man and the woman, the man's girlfriend, who was on the ground being stabbed, and distract him with a baseball bat until the police arrived.
Formerly, hopes for a college in Elko were fading in the spring of 1968 until a $250,000 donation was received from reclusive Las Vegas billionaire Howard Hughes.
The gift was announced by Nevada Governor Paul Laxalt, who was heading the list of dignitaries, at an emotionally charged assembly of supporters at the Commercial Hotel.
It is part of the Sutter Health network, a large corporate health care provider that ranks among dominant providers of health services in the state of California.
The not-for-profit health care network, which includes Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in Berkeley and Oakland, Eden Medical Center in Castro Valley, and Sutter Delta Medical Center in Antioch reported an operating margin of $101 million in 2001.
John Kenneth Cobb (born 11 February 1950), Australian politician, was a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from November 2001 representing the Division of Parkes, and the Division of Calare from 2007 to 2016 when he retired.
Cobb was born in Bathurst, son of Lee and Mary Cobb, and was raised on the family property near Mount Hope, New South Wales.
From the 1980s until his candidacy for Federal Parliament, Cobb was active in, and spent three years as president of the New South Wales Farmers Association, a lobby group representing farmers and rural and regional communities.
Cobb was elected to the House of Representatives from the Division of Parkes, a safe National Party seat, at the 2001 federal election.
In July 2005, Cobb was appointed to the ministry as Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs, but soon after was reshuffled to the community services portfolio.
After Parkes was dramatically altered in a redistribution, Cobb ran for the neighbouring seat of Calare at the 2007 election after the popular independent member Peter Andren retired.
He was chosen by new Opposition leader Brendan Nelson to be a member of the shadow ministry, as the spokesperson on regional development and water security.
He was re-elected at the 2010 election and in September 2010 was appointed Shadow Minister for Agriculture and Food Security by Opposition leader, Tony Abbott.
Following the 2013 federal election, Cobb nominated as deputy leader of the National Party, but was defeated by Barnaby Joyce, the newly elected member of New England.
On 27 February 2016, Cobb announced that he was retiring from politics and would not re-contest the Division of Calare in the 2016 Australian federal election.
His father was George Joseph Moscone, a prison guard at nearby San Quentin, and his mother, Lena, was a homemaker who later went to work to support herself and her son after she separated from her husband.
Moscone attended St. Brigid's, and then St. Ignatius College Preparatory, where he was a noted debater and an all-city basketball star.
As a young man playing basketball and as a young lawyer, Moscone became close friends with John L. Burton, who would later become a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
John Burton's older brother, Phillip, a member of the California State Assembly, recruited Moscone to run for an Assembly seat in 1960 as a Democrat.
Though he lost that race, Moscone would go on to win a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1963.
On the Board, Moscone was known for his defense of the poor, racial minorities and small business owners, as well as supporting the first successful fight in San Francisco to block construction of a proposed freeway that would have cut through Golden Gate Park and several neighborhoods.
In 1966 Moscone ran for and won a seat in the California State Senate, representing the 10th District in San Francisco County.
Moscone was quickly rising through the ranks of the California Democratic Party and became closely associated with a loose alliance of progressive politicians in San Francisco led by the Burton brothers.
He was reelected to the 10th District seat in 1970 and to the newly redistricted 6th District seat, representing parts of San Francisco and San Mateo Counties, in 1974.
He successfully sponsored legislation to institute a school lunch program for California students, as well as a bill legalizing abortion that was signed into law by Governor Ronald Reagan.
In 1974 Moscone briefly considered a run for governor of California, but dropped out after a short time in favor of California Secretary of State Jerry Brown.
In conjunction with his friend and ally in the Assembly, Willie Brown, Moscone managed to pass a bill repealing California's sodomy law.
In a close race in November of 1975, Moscone placed first with conservative city supervisor John Barbagelata second and supervisor Dianne Feinstein coming in third.
Moscone and Barbagelata thus both advanced to the mandated runoff election in December where Moscone narrowly defeated the conservative supervisor by fewer than 5,000 votes.
Liberals also won the city's other top executive offices that year as Joseph Freitas was elected District attorney and Richard Hongisto was re-elected to his office of Sheriff.
Moscone ran a grassroots mayoral campaign which drew volunteers from organizations like Glide Methodist Memorial Church, Delancey Street (a rehabilitation center for ex-convicts) and the Peoples Temple which was initially known as a church preaching racial equality and social justice but turned into a fanatical cult.
For the rest of his life, Barbagelata maintained that the Peoples Temple had committed massive election fraud on behalf of Moscone by bussing people in from out of town to vote multiple times under the names of deceased San Francisco residents.
The Peoples Temple also worked to get out the vote in precincts where Moscone received a 12 to 1 vote margin over Barbagelata.
After Peoples Temple's work and votes by Temple members were instrumental in delivering a close victory for Moscone, Moscone appointed Temple leader Jim Jones as Chairman of the San Francisco Housing Commission.
Moscone's first year as Mayor was spent preventing the San Francisco Giants professional baseball team from moving to Toronto and advocating a citywide ballot initiative in favor of district election to the Board of Supervisors.
Moscone was the first mayor to appoint large numbers of women, gays and lesbians and racial minorities to city commissions and advisory boards.
In 1977, he appointed Del Martin, the first openly gay woman and Kathleen Hardiman Arnold, now Kathleen Rand Reed, the first Black woman, as Commissioners on the San Francisco Commission on the Status of Women (SFCOSW).
Gain (and by extension Moscone) became highly unpopular among rank and file San Francisco police officers for proposing a settlement to a lawsuit brought by minorities claiming discriminatory recruiting practices by the police force.
In April 1977 Moscone stood up to officials in Washington by supporting 25-day occupation of San Francisco's Federal Building by a group of over 100 people with disabilities demanding their civil rights in what would become known as the 504 Sit-In.
While federal officials hoped to starve out the protesters, the mayor visited them and arranged to have portable showers and towels brought in.
Thanks in part to Moscone's support, the occupation was successful, and helped pave the way for passing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) thirteen years later.
In 1977 Moscone, Freitas and Hongisto all easily survived a recall election pushed by defeated Moscone opponent John Barbagelata and business interests.
Among those elected were the city's first openly gay Supervisor, Harvey Milk, single mother and attorney Carol Ruth Silver, Chinese-American Gordon Lau and fireman and police officer Dan White.
Milk, Silver, and Lau along with John Molinari and Robert Gonzales made up Moscone's allies on the Board, while Dan White, Dianne Feinstein, Quentin Kopp, Ella Hill Hutch, Lee Dolson, and Ron Pelosi formed a loosely organized coalition to oppose Moscone and his initiatives.
It was generally believed that Feinstein, having twice lost election to the office of mayor, would support Kopp against Moscone in the 1979 election and retire rather than run for the Board again.
In August 1977, after Housing Commission Chairman Jim Jones fled to Jonestown following media scrutiny alleging criminal wrongdoing, Moscone announced his office would not investigate Jones and the Peoples Temple.
Recognizing this matter as such, those who supported a more conservative agenda and opposed integration of the police and fire departments talked White into changing his mind.
Moscone originally indicated a willingness to reconsider, but more liberal city leaders, including Supervisor Harvey Milk, lobbied him against the idea.
On November 27, 1978, three days after Moscone's 49th birthday, White went to San Francisco City Hall to meet with Moscone and make a final plea for appointment.
When Moscone agreed to talk with him in a private room, White pulled the gun out of his suit jacket and shot and killed Moscone.
White then re-loaded his gun and walked across City Hall to Milk's office, where White shot and killed Milk as well.
Dianne Feinstein, President of the Board of Supervisors, was sworn in as the city's new mayor and in the following years would emerge as one of California's most prominent politicians.
White was convicted of the lesser crime of manslaughter, due in part to his claim of severe depression, which White’s attorneys argued was evidenced by his consumption of Twinkies and other junk foods.
Outrage over White's lenient sentence provoked a mass riot in San Francisco during which police cars were set on fire by angry protestors.
Moscone's main political legacy is his opening up San Francisco City Hall to be a more diverse and inclusive place with political appointments that represented the full spectrum of the population, including minorities and the growing gay community.
Despite a backlash from the political old guard and conservatives, and despite the double assassination of Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, both leading progressives, the city never retreated from Moscone's more inclusive view of politics.
In 1980, sculptor Robert Arneson was commissioned to create a monument to Moscone to be installed in the new Moscone Convention Center.
The Orange Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington, Virginia; the District of Columbia; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and over two thirds are shared with the Silver Line.
Planning for Metro began with the Mass Transportation Survey in 1955, which attempted to forecast both freeway and mass transit systems sufficient to meet the needs of transportation in 1980.
Because the plan called for extensive freeway construction within the District of Columbia, alarmed residents lobbied for federal legislation creating a moratorium on freeway construction through July 1, 1962.
With the formation of WMATA in October 1966, planning of the system shifted from federal hands to a regional body with representatives of the District, Maryland and Virginia.
Instead, routes had to serve each local suburban jurisdiction to assure that they would approve bond referenda to finance the system.
Because the least expensive way to build into the suburbs was to rely upon existing railroad right-of-ways, the Orange Line took much of its present form, except that it also featured a further extension along the railroad to Bowie, Maryland and along the Dulles Access Road to the Dulles Airport.
As a result of this agreement, the Orange Line follows in Arlington the former routes of an interurban electric trolley line, the Fairfax line and the North Arlington branch of the Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Railway, that had initially spurred those areas' development.
On March 1, 1968, WMATA approved its Adopted Regional System (ARS) plan that included suburban mass transit lines that followed the median of the proposed Interstate 66 through Virginia to Vienna and the CSX/Amtrak railroad right-of-way in Prince George's County, Maryland.
Service on the joint downtown track was at first branded as just the Blue Line and commenced on July 1, 1977.
In 1976, Robert Patricelli, federal Urban Mass Transportation Administrator, ordered Metro to conduct an alternatives analysis of the portion of its system that was not already under contract.
Because the Tysons Corner area of Fairfax County had developed significantly since the ARS was adopted in 1968, the analysis considered rerouting the Orange line to serve Tysons Corner at an additional cost of $60 million.
However, because environmental impact statements had already been completed for the Vienna route, a change in the route would result in a five-year delay in the construction of the Orange Line west of Ballston.
Service on the Orange Line began on November 20, 1978 between National Airport and New Carrollton, with five new stations being added to the existing network from Stadium–Armory.
When the line from Rosslyn to Ballston–MU was completed on December 11, 1979, Orange Line trains began following this route rather than going to the National Airport station.
The line was completed on June 7, 1986, when it was extended by four stations to Vienna in the I-66 median.
On January 13, 1982, an Orange Line train derailed as it was being backed up from an improperly closed rail switch between the Federal Triangle and Smithsonian stations, resulting in the deaths of three passengers.
It was the first incident within the Metro system that caused a fatality, and the deadliest incident occurring in the system until the 2009 collision that resulted in nine fatalities.
Between 2011 and 2013, service was interrupted at stations west of Ballston on designated weekends to accommodate the construction of the interconnection of the Silver Line with the existing Orange Line tracks.
As a part of this project, the train yard adjacent to the West Falls Church station on the Orange Line was expanded.
Starting at its western terminus at the Vienna/Fairfax-GMU station in Virginia, the tracks run on the median strip of Interstate 66 until they enter a tunnel under Fairfax Drive just before the Ballston-MU station.
Although originally proposed to follow I-66 through Arlington, city planners successfully argued that the line be relocated to Fairfax Drive, which has since stimulated high rise development along the line's route.
The tunnel then turns north and merges with the Blue Line just before entering the Rosslyn station which is located under North Lynn Street.
The tunnel continues under the Potomac River and bends to the east to travel under I Street NW in the District of Columbia.
The tunnel continues east under I Street and between Farragut West and McPherson Square stations there is a non-revenue branch track that connects with the Red Line.
At Potomac Avenue station, the tunnel briefly travels under G Street Southeast and then turns northwest under Potomac Avenue with a turn to the north to travel under 19th Street Southeast for the Stadium-Armory station.
The above ground tracks continue along DC Route 295 between Minnesota Avenue and Deanwood stations and then follow the CSX/Amtrak railroad in Prince George's County, Maryland to the eastern terminus at New Carrolton.
Orange Line service travels along the entirety of the K Route (from the terminus at Vienna/Fairfax-GMU to the C & K junction just south of Rosslyn), part of the C Route (from the C & K junction just south of Rosslyn to Metro Center), and the entire D Route (from Metro Center to New Carrollton).
The Orange Line needs 30 trains (9 eight-car trains and 21 six-car trains, consisting of 198 rail cars) to run at peak capacity.
The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) announced on January 18, 2008 that it and the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (VDPRT) had begun work on a draft environmental impact statement (EIS) for the I-66 corridor in Fairfax and Prince William counties.
According to VDOT the EIS, officially named the I-66 Multimodal Transportation and Environment Study, would focus on improving mobility along I-66 from the Capital Beltway (I-495) interchange in Fairfax County to the interchange with U.S. Route 15 in Prince William County.
The extension would continue to run in the I-66 median and would have stations at Chain Bridge Road, Fair Oaks, Stringfellow Road and Centreville near Virginia Route 28 and U.S. Route 29.
Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. was a timberland owner and manager, as well as a forest products, mineral extraction, and property development company, until it merged with Weyerhaeuser Company.
Plum Creek Timber is heir to some of the of timberland originally granted by the federal government to the Northern Pacific Railway in the 1860s, and most of Burlington's lands were originally purchased, or otherwise acquired as timberland.
The MLP converted to a real estate investment trust on July 1, 1999 in order to obtain tax and accounting advantages available to real estate developers.
Plum Creek Timber produces a line of softwood lumber products, including common and select boards, studs, edge-glued boards, and finger-jointed studs.
As of December 31, 2014, the company owned and managed approximately of timber lands in 19 states, as well as owned and operated five wood product conversion facilities in the northwest U.S.
On November 8, 2015, it was announced that Plum Creek would be bought by Seattle-based Weyerhaeuser for $8.4 billion, forming the largest private owner of timberland in the United States.
In the deal, Plum Creek gave up of land, much of it along Interstate 90 east of Seattle, in exchange for in Federal lands.
In 2008, Senator Max Baucus arranged for appropriations in the 2008 Farm Bill to be used to purchase of Plum Creek land in Montana.
There is some controversy over the management of Plum Creek's timberland, mostly from environmental groups who decry the recent move from Plum Creek as a timber management company into a developer of its land, taking advantage of the much more profitable land values that have occurred for undeveloped land in the late 1990s until the crash in real estate prices.
Plum Creek is engaged in a proposal for a large resort and development tract in the Northern Maine Woods, on Moosehead Lake by Greenville, Maine, one of the largest undeveloped forests east of the Mississippi River.
This follows on the heels of their development of managed land in Washington state (Suncadia) and Montana (Moonlight Basin, Yellowstone Club) into costly resorts, bringing golf courses and luxury housing into the deep forests.
The debate pits conservation groups trying to balance recreation and protection, and the effects of sprawl and overdevelopment upon wildlife, quality of life, and the employment of local populations who depend in part on the hunting, fishing and tourist trades which may be damaged by the overdevelopment of the area.
Close to of land owned by Plum Creek are a part of four habitat conservation plans across the country and in Montana are involved in a conservation agreement for the grizzly bear.
In 2001, Plum Creek at their Medium Density Fiberboard facility completed the installation of a biofilter, a new air emission treatment technology.
This technology uses naturally occurring bacteria to destroy air pollutants that are generated in the wood fiber drying and pressing processes.
According to an environmental group, the Native Forest Network (NFN), if approved by the Land Use Regulation Commission, Plum Creek’s plan would increase Maine’s total carbon emissions by nearly 8%.
Ann Kathleen Corcoran (born 21 September 1951), an Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the House of Representatives from 12 August 2000 to the 2007 election, representing the Division of Isaacs, Victoria.
Her father, Robert Corcoran, a published author, was a leading figure in the ALP split of 1955, giving evidence to the Federal Executive in favour of federal leader H.V.
She lost her endorsement as ALP candidate for Isaacs in March 2006 to Mark Dreyfus QC, and retired at the 2007 election.
She became interim student ombudsman at Monash University in November 2007 and was appointed to the permanent position by the university council in early 2009.
The Ardsley-on-Hudson station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in the Ardsley area of Irvington, New York.
It serves both that neighborhood and the northern part of the village of Dobbs Ferry; the main campus of Mercy College is within walking distance of the station.
A common misconception is that the Ardsley-on-Hudson station serves the similarly named Village of Ardsley, which is located about east, and was once served by the discontinued Putnam Division line, which ceased passenger service in 1958.
The station was originally part of the Ardsley Casino Clubhouse a country club created through the support of some of the most notable and successful men in the US including Jay Gould, Cornelius Vanderbilt (New York Central entrepreneur) and John Pierpont Morgan.
The Casino was built overlooking the Hudson River and besides the station, had a private dock to accommodate the yachts of members.
A 1927 established offshoot known as the Ardsley Racquet and Swim Club inherited the property in 1935, and the casino was closed in 1936.
As with many stations along the Hudson Division, the New York Central merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 to form Penn Central Railroad.
The 1970 bankruptcy of Penn Central forced it to turn service over to the MTA, which continued through the time it was taken over by Conrail in 1976, and then by Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
While there is no official station house, Metro-North does maintain a small two-story brick depot, housing the northbound waiting room, ticket machines, and the United States Post Office for ZIP Code 10503.
The crossover ramp to southbound or New York City-bound trains was inside the depot until 2006, when Metro-North razed the ramp and built one a few steps to the south, with a higher clearance for projected double-deck trains.
On February 1, 2010, a sanitation truck smashed into the historic pedestrian bridge leading from the station house to the Hudson House Apartments.
The Dobbs Ferry station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in Dobbs Ferry, New York.
It is 19.9 miles from Grand Central Terminal and travel time to Grand Central is about 44 minutes by local train.
The current station house, which was built in 1889 by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, became a Penn Central station upon the merger between NYC and Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 like many NYCRR stations in Westchester County, until it was taken over by Conrail in 1976, and then by Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
The two inner tracks not next to either platform are used by express trains, one of which does not include a third rail.
Redhook Ale Brewery operated a location in Portsmouth, New Hampshire from the 1990s until June 22, 2018 when it re-branded under the Nantucket-based Cisco Brewers.
Redhook also brews Long Hammer IPA (6.2% ABV), Big Ballard Imperial IPA (8.6% ABV), Bicoastal IPA (7.1% ABV), and its seasonal beer offerings: My Oh My Caramel Macchiato Milk Stout (Spring - 5.5% ABV), Tangelic Halo Tangerine IPA (Summer - 6.2% ABV), Winterhook (Fall/Winter - ABV varies year to year).
Redhook distributes its products through a network of wholesale distributors, Craft Brew Alliance Inc, and a distribution agreement with Anheuser-Busch InBev, Incorporated (which owns 32% of the stock in Craft Brew Alliance).
David Alexander Cox (born 1 August 1954), Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives October 1998 to October 2004, representing the Division of Kingston, South Australia.
He was born in Dunedin, New Zealand, and was educated at Flinders University and the University of Adelaide, where he graduated with a master's degree in business administration.
Cox was research assistant to Mick Young (a minister in the Hawke government), an advisor to ministers in the South Australian Labor government 1983-86 and 1992–93, and to federal Labor ministers Peter Walsh, Gordon Bilney, John Kerin and Ralph Willis 1986-92.
It is 18.7 miles from Grand Central Terminal and travel time to Grand Central, making local stops, is about 41 minutes.
Hastings-on-Hudson has had railroad service from as far back as the 1840s, pre-dating the Hudson River Railroad, and served both passengers and a local sugar refinery.
In 1875, a major fire destroyed the waterfront, and the company running the sugar refinery left town, but other industries ended up taking its place.
As with many NYCRR stations in Westchester County, the station became a Penn Central station upon the merger between NYC and Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968, until it was taken over by Conrail in 1976, and then by Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
The inner tracks not next to either platform are used by express trains, only one of the express tracks is powered.
Filipino hip-hop or Pinoy hip hop (also known as Pinoy rap or Filo rap) is hip hop music performed by musicians of Filipino descent, both in the Philippines and overseas, especially by Filipino-Americans.
The Philippines is known to have had the first hip hop music scene in Asia since the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the United States where hip hop originated.
Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages or dialects such as Tagalog, Bicolano, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano and English.
In the Philippines, Francis Magalona and Andrew E. are among the most influential rappers in the country, being the first to release mainstream rap albums.
The towns and barrios surrounding the numerous American military bases that were scattered throughout that country such as Clark Air Base in Angeles City and Subic Bay Naval Base in Olongapo were among the earliest to be exposed to the culture; as contact with African-American, Filipino-American and Latino servicemen resulted in some of the earliest exposure the locals had to the new musical genre.
Several mobile DJ crews of the era included such names as the Rock All Parties Crew which emerged onto the scene only to produce such future Pinoy rap pioneers as Andrew E. and Norman B.
One of the earliest Filipino hip hop groups to embrace such an abstract format, the album's lyrical content often contained a mixture of various Philippine languages (including Tagalog and Chavacano) along with English.
The group was initiated via an International Rap Competition sponsored by VIVA records and was held at the Music Museum in Mandaluyong.
Butch and Johnny were balikbayans from the San Fernando Valley near Los Angeles, CA, Sonny a balikbayan from Hercules, CA, near the San Francisco Bay Area and Noel and Lopie native Filipinos.
The record's complexity and socially sentient message quickly earned it its classic status and became the standard by which future albums of the genre were to be compared to.
The rapper's ability to combine unique storytelling with raunchy and humorous wordplay laced with catchy beats made Andrew the first of his kind in the genre.
By the mid-1990s he had established his own record label, the controversial Dongalo Wreckords, as well as many successful rap groups, including Cebuano rappers The Anthill Mobb, Madd Poets and Bicolano rappers Salbakuta.
A coalition of sorts, Pamilia Dimagiba composed itself of several underground Pinoy rappers and crews such as 8th Messenger, Shadowblyde, Spoon, Murder-1 of Khan's Assassins, and Young Galaxy of Iron Triangle among others.
The raw seven-track, politically minded album was a breath of fresh air at the time; as Pinoy rap during the era had taken a more hardcore, gangster persona.
The single was also included in the soundtrack for Jaymie's motion picture debut of the same name released later that year.
Artists who are currently active and have released both rap albums and music videos in the Philippines since 1990 include: Andrew E, Denmark, Francis M, Beware, K-Ozz, Micheal V. and Gloc-9.
Other popular rap artists and groups of the 2000s included: 2 High, 6 Signs, 7 Shots Of Wisdom, 8th District, Anak Ni Bakuko, Lawiboi, Apokalipsis, Artstrong, Akuma, Bass Rhyme Posse, BB Clan, Black Pro, Blanktape, Boom, Brownstyle, C-4, Candy Cousart, Chill, Chinese Mafia, Circulo Pugantes, Cris Asero, Cypha-Sis, Dagtang Lason, D.O.P.E.
Sacred 1, DMJ, Mike Kosa, Mike Swift, Godswill, Mista Blaze, Misteazas,Nuztradamuz, OBLAXZ, Quickie, Rap Asia, Razzamanazz, Renegade Souljaz, Sakit ng Sucat, Salbakuta, Seedz, Sly Kane, Stick Figgas, Sun Valley Crew, Syke, Urban Flow, and Verbal Sativa.
Additionally, the group scaled down their line-up to just Butch and Johnny, and then added Johnny Krush, another balikbayan from the San Francisco area.
Gloc-9, considered to be the fastest rapper in the Philippines and former member of the rap group Death Threat, held the title for Best Rap Artist at the awards show for four consecutive years, from 2005 to 2008, achieving mainstream popularity and releasing successful commercial albums every other year.
Like the American hip hop industry, music videos have become an important trend (even containing small cameos from different Filipino rappers) and air on TV channels like MTV Philippines and MYX.
Despite Metro Manila's powerful position over the music industry, rap groups in the south have started to gain their own share of popularity, like Dice & K9 a.k.a.
It is also not uncommon for Filipino-American artists to perform live, sell records, and win awards in the Philippines while living in the States, for example Pikaso from San Francisco, California who won the Producer of the Year award in 2008.
In 2002, Carlo Maniquiz and Nick Tuason, together with the assistance of FUBU's headquarters in New York City, established the FUBU Philippines clothing line, opening up several stores in the Philippines.
Francis M would also go on to form his own clothing line in 2006 called Francis Magalona Clothing Company (FMCC) which are sold at his own branches of stores called Three Stars & a Sun.
With English tracks dominating the airwaves, several Tagalog-based emcees have felt a sort of bias in the Philippine music industry, which favors artists who use English rather than Filipino.
The Stick Figgas relied on clever punchlines, creative lyricism and intricate rhyme schemes, re-introducing a technical poignancy that has been absent in Tagalog rap since B.B.
This rap style has arguably inspired the current generation of Tagalog rappers to place much more emphasis on multi-syllable rhyme schemes, punchlines and metaphors than before.
In 2009, after the death of Francis Magalona, independent rap label and production emerged in the local rap scene such as Wika Records of D-Coy and PR Records and Entertainment (as owned by Von Padua of Pinoy Republic), Pikaso's Hustlin Records, Longevity Records and Turbulence Records, Young JV's Doin' It Big Productions.
Pinoy hip hop fashion has also emerged such as Pinoy Republic, Turf Clothing, Rapista Clothing, Boss Balita and Wika following Francis M's clothing line FMCC.
The influence of the original rap battle leagues in the West – Grind Time Now (U.S.), King of the Dot (Canada) and Don't Flop (UK) – all founded in 2008, inspired the creation of other battle leagues around the world, FlipTop being one of them, in 2010.
This local rap battle competition typically involves both parties (either 2 rappers or 2 duos) hailing mudslinging words and rhymes at each other, who are then judged at the end based on a number of factors including flow and use of insults/punchlines and audience impact.
Due to success of FlipTop, many amateur and other rap battles arose such as Sunugan, Bolero Rap Battles, Bahay Katay, etc.
Famous battle emcees turned musicians from the early 2010s period includes Abra and Shehyee, the two most popular and also Loonie, Smugglaz and Bassilyo, most of them signed with big-time record labels in the country.
During the late 2000s up to early 2010s, some Filipino rap artists began to concentrate and incorporate homosexuality issues into their songs.
By 2015, several prominent trap & hip-hop recording artists emerged with notable hits, unknowns from the underground scene became household names.
Filipino hip-hop acts also began to incorporate trending hip-hop sub-genres from the U.S. in their tracks such as lo-fi and trap soul.
Hip-hop groups like ALLMO$T and Manila Grey (based on the U.S.) also made a huge influence and garnered tens of millions of streams from Filipino music listeners in 2019.
Since 2017, the local hip-hop underground scene led by prominent hip-hop collectives such as Baryo Berde, 727 Clique, OWFUCK, 357 Pro (Rekta Sa Kalye) and Bawal Clan was established.
The art of MCing or rapping in Filipino hip hop is also represented in other forms such as battle rapping, or freestyling.
The Bigg X represented the Philippines at the Beatbox World Championship last May 29–30 of 2015 at the Astra Kulturhaus Berline.
He is a member of the Philippine Human Beatbox Alliance and beatbox group Microphone Mechanics with members G-Who, Leaf, Mouthfx and Abdhul.
Filipino-American hip-hop culture bases its historical roots in the Filipino American, Latino American and African-American neighborhoods along the West Coast, specifically in Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, and San Diego.
The movement that had been born in the South Bronx among Jamaican, Puerto Rican and African American youth in turn had its West Coast identity formed within the respective African-American, Filipino and Latino communities.
Similar to the Filipino-American zoot suiters, be-boppers and ballroom dancers of previous generations, the dynamics within these respective communities would reincarnate itself once again in the form of hip hop.
Since the 1990 Census, Filipino Americans have made up the second largest Asian Pacific American group in the United States (after Chinese Americans), and until 2000 were the largest Asian group in California.
In West Coast hip hop, their role has been comparable to that of Puerto Rican artists on the East Coast, who were an integral part, along with African Americans, in the creation of the foundations of hip hop culture.
Early mobile DJ stars included DJ Ren (born Rene Anies), founder of one of the first Filipino American DJ crews Electric Sounds, DJ Dynamix (born Dave Refuerzo) Sound Patrol established 3-Style Attractions a widely known mobile DJ crew in the Bay Area, and DJ D-Styles (born Dave Cuasito), who in 1987 established the mobile DJ crew Sound City Productions.
In 1983, a real-estate agent by the name of Mark Bradford established Imagine, which began primarily as a showcase for Filipino DJ talent in and around the Bay Area and came to serve as the premier event for DJs until the founders' murder in 1991.
The movement would reach its pinnacle in 1987, when more than one hundred mobile DJ crews would participate in all-important DJ sound clashes and showcases.
In the 1980s, several legendary Filipino B-Boy groups such as the Renegade Rockers, Knuckleneck Tribe, Rock Force Crew, Daly City Breakers, Jughead Tribe and Concrete Rockers also emerged from the Bay Area rivaling even the New York City-based Rock Steady Crew, whose official West Coast contingent is known to consist of several Filipino American members.
Kalifornia Noize Terrorists' Paul Sirate, better known as P-Kid emerged from the Bay Area becoming one of the early premier breakdancers and later went on to MCing and producing, lacing tracks for the likes of the Bronx's Terror Squad and L.A.'s Pharcyde.
Elsewhere in the Bay Area, pioneering Filipina rapper Lani Luv (born Melanie Cagonot) became one of the early West Coast female MCs.
It was during this time in 1983 that TDK's King Dream (born Michael Francisco) surfaced out of the graf art world.
Francisco utilized his pieces to celebrate, express and educate from his own Filipino American background in order to promote tolerance while simultaneously strengthening bonds with others from differing cultures, eventually achieving international recognition.
Now deceased (Dream was murdered in 2000), he is considered by many to have been one of the greatest and most influential graf writers whose work had been expressive of his urban environment while focusing on social issues concerning not only Filipino Americans, but also other people of color in America such as police brutality, racism, nationwide liberation and rebellion.
Although generally associated with the West Coast with individuals and groups such as Blue Scholars and Native Guns, Filipino American hip hop is increasingly represented by emcees in other regions, from East Coast performers such as Q-York hailing from Queens, New York, (currently residing in the Philippines) to Midwestern groups such as Chicago's The Pacifics.
Maryland's Gagong Rapper crew gained fame in the early 2000s by flooding the internet with their home-recordings and heading the underground sub-label Sandamukal Records.
L.A.'s Grupo ni Berdugo and Sunog Baga, under F.O.B Entertainment, has recently been making names for themselves, the latter being signed by Andrew E's Dongalo Wreckordz and opening up for Gloc-9's L.A. show.
Hailing from San Jose, California, Yung Rizzo of Fly High Music Group, has established hisself as a hip hop artist from his region.
DJ Glaze of Long Beach's Foesum have together been staples in the West Coast gangster rap scene since the G-funk era of the 1990s.
DJ Babu (born Chris Oroc) has gained notoriety for his work with the turtablism group Beat Junkies and the alternative hip hop act Dilated Peoples.
Many other notable DJ champions from other countries around the world such as Canada, Australia, Japan and Germany have also been of Filipino descent.
Other notable DJs include DJ Kuttin Kandi (the first woman to place in the US finals of the prestigious DMC USA competition in 1998) and DJ Roli Rho (1999 East Coast regional DMC Champ/1999 & 2000 Vibe Music Seminar Champion of New York City's 5th Platoon), DJ Icy Ice of Los Angeles' KDAY 93.5 FM, DJ E-Man of Los Angeles' Power 106 FM, DJ Marlino a.k.a.
da5footafunk of San Diego's XHITZ-FM Z90.3, DJ Enferno (2003 US DMC Champ/2003 1st runner-up DMC World) and DJ Geometrix of the Trooperz Crew, both from the Washington DC area, and DJ Manila Ice (2007 DMC US Finalist) and DJ Jester a.k.a.
Another longtime contributor is music producer and Hawaii's 1st hip hop DJ champion, Joseph Netherland, better known as DJ Elite of Elite Empire Entertainment, LLC.
Some groups, like San Jose, California-based Sons of Rebellion, also unify several communities through their music as they represent the Filipino American, African American, and Muslim experience.
Many socially conscious and community minded Filipino emcees often perform benefit shows to help out the Filipino community locally and internationally.
Pineda has also founded his own record label, the Los Angeles-based Jeepney Music, to help discover and promote Filipino hip-hop talent from both the United States and the Philippines.
The shifting between Tagalog and English can be interpreted as showing both languages as equal or in an equal hierarchical relationship to one another which is especially important having included another language other than English in an American pop song, even though English is one of the two official languages of the Philippines.
One half of the popular music production duo The Neptunes, Hugo, with his production partner Pharrell, have laced chart topping hits for the likes of Jay-Z, Nelly, Gwen Stefani and Snoop Dogg among many others.
These are the now defunct radio stations Power 108 FM & Blazin' 105.9 FM, which were the stations that recognized the latest and the greatest of the hip hop genre.
The former project known as 'Project: Hip hop' was founded in 2002 by three high school friends, namely DJ Caine, MC Satoshi and Quaizy Ileon.
In 2007, Wave 891 eliminated its pop jazz/easy listening format and switched to full hip hop and R&B in order to retain the Pinoy hip hop scene.
The Hastings 1895 chess tournament was a round-robin tournament of chess conducted in Hastings, England from 5 August to 2 September 1895.
Pillsbury, a young American unknown in Europe, was the surprise winner with 16½ out of 21 points – ahead of Mikhail Chigorin (16) and world champion Emanuel Lasker (15½).
White's replies are also limited, however, because Black is threatening mate with ...Rxc1, as well as threatening to capture White's queen and knight.
This crucial move eliminates the h-pawn and allows White to bring in his queen to attack without ever allowing Black to play ...Rxc1 and mate.
Bowing to the inevitable (or perhaps frustrated that even with mate in one, he could not capitalize), von Bardeleben simply left the tournament hall, letting his time run out.
He had assumed that a draw would be enough, and the game therefore opened with the relatively placid Queen's Gambit Declined.
Pieces were rapidly traded off the board, reaching the position in the diagram, when Pillsbury realized that Chigorin was winning his game and therefore he would have to win to take clear first.
The Greystone station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in the Greystone neighborhood of Yonkers, New York.
As with many NYCRR stations in Westchester County, the station became a Penn Central station upon the merger between NYC and Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968, until it was taken over by Conrail in 1976, and then by Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
The M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV) is a full-tracked vehicle used for breaching, obstacle removal, transportation of demolition teams, and pioneering operations.
Prototype development began in the late 1940s at Ft. Belvoir, VA by the US Army Engineer Research & Development Laboratories in conjunction with Chrysler.
These early T39 Demolition Tank prototypes were based on the M26 using several different modified turrets, demolition guns and heavy mortars.
The T118E1, with a modified M60A1 turret was then accepted into service as the M728 in 1965 and achieved operational capability in 1968.
All M728A1s were converted and assembled at the Anniston Army Depot under contract with General Dynamics Land Systems with a total of 312 of all variants produced.
The M728 is a full-tracked combat engineer vehicle is designed to provide maximum ballistic protection for the crew and is heavily armed derivative of the M60 series tank modified to provide a mobile and maneuverable weapon for combat support of ground troops and vehicles.
Although the M728 consists of a tank hull and a short-barreled turret, it is not a tank and should not be routinely used against enemy tanks.
The CEV is issued two per Engineer Company in the Heavy Division, two per Engineer Company in Corps (Mechanized), three per Engineer Company in Armor/Infantry Separate Brigades and three per Engineer Company in the Armored Cavalry Regiment.
The D7 Mine Plough is a V-shaped plough that performs countermine activities by lifting buried mines and pushing them to the side as the vehicle moves forward.
It can produce a limited smokescreen by dumping raw diesel fuel into the exhaust system to visually obscure the area around the vehicle as well as provide a limited vehicle recovery capability.
The M135 is a license-built copy of the 165 mm L9A1 gun that was used on the British Army's FV4003 Centurion Mk.5 AVRE (armoured vehicle Royal Engineers) tank.
The gun's primary purpose is for clearing defensive fixtures and obstacles, such as walls, fences, roadblocks and bunkers, or for destroying buildings and is generally not meant to be for use in anti-personnel or anti-tank warfare.
The pushing and heaving effects caused by the HEP round's base detonating fuze and large amount of explosive can demolish barriers and knock down walls.
The M728 was used in fire support, base security, counter ambush fire, direct assault of fortified positions, and limited reconnaissance by fire.
They were also deployed at this time to West Germany during the Cold War to support combat engineer operations and participated in annual REFORGER exercises until 1991.
The Mine Clearing Rake is a V-shaped tined plough that performs countermine activities by lifting buried mines with its tines and pushing them to the side as the vehicle moves forward.
Attached to any M728 CEV's D7 Mine Plow or M60 series tank via a M9 Dozer Blade Assembly, the Mine Clearing Rake also utilizes an aluminum skid shoe, which protrudes from the front of the tines and allows the rake to maintain a consistent plowing.
They were active during the Desert Shield phase of the Gulf War in clearing suspected minefields, creating temporary defensive fighting positions and staging areas in the deserts near the Iraqi Saudi border.
After the cease-fire, CEV guns were used to break up coke piles that had formed around approximately 20% of the burning oil wells in Kuwait.
According to the US Army, the guns reduced the time to break up coke formation from as long as two days to 15 minutes.
Commanders were unanimous in their opinion that the engineer force needs an M1 chassis based vehicle for heavy breaching and gap crossing equipment to fully support the M1 Abrams and M2 Bradley vehicles.
By September their mission had expanded to include road clearance, bunker demolition and protecting humanitarian aid and assist relief delivery in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to help protect civilian refugees when required by the Red Cross.
Task Force Eagle assumed control of its area of responsibility during a ceremony with United Nations forces at Eagle Base in Tuzla on December 20th consisting of elements of the 1st Armored Division and its supporting elements from the U.S. V Corps and were joined by forces from twelve other nations.
There was a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera system attached to the front of the Panther so the remote-operator could see where the tank was going through a screen on the remote control unit.
It would skim the trail cleared by the Panther pushing away debris and keeping the route clear for other following vehicles, also smoothing out the road surface and could be used for filling in craters left by any exploding mines or ordinance.
The CEV was also useful for quickly recovering the Panther should it become stuck, and its crane allowed easy loading and unloading of the Mine-Roller onto transport vehicles.
M728s have been temporally acquisitioned for use by the United States Department of Justice's FBI and ATF SWAT teams in the early 1990s to conduct potentially dangerous operations.
In particular, it has become associated with the 1993 Siege of Waco, Texas, being caught in dramatic fashion on video and media coverage during the siege.
The M728 has been determined by the US Army to be inadequate to fully support the M1 Abrams and M2 Bradley vehicles, also cited were the rising costs to maintain and difficulty in acquiring parts for a low density piece of equipment and was retired from combat use with no clear replacement in 2000.
In 2018 the US Army began to phase out the M728 from service with the Army Reserves and National Guard replacing them with the M1150 and is to be completed by 2024.
One of its goals was the development of a new combat engineer vehicle, the CZ-10/25E Alacran, based on the M60A1 hull and converted from former M60A3 Patton MBTs with upgrades to the engine.
It has an external appearance similar to the M728 CEV, but without the 165mm demolition gun, being replaced by a special backhoe.
The Glenwood station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in the Glenwood neighborhood of Yonkers, New York.
Between the Glenwood station and the Hudson River lies the abandoned Yonkers Power Station of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, a massive building which was constructed in 1907 to hold electrical generators to provide power for the electrification of the railroad.
Phase One of the conversion is expected to finish in 2016 at the cost of $70 million, while Phase Two, which includes the restaurant, hotel and marina, is expected to cost $80 million, and could take up to ten years to complete.
He was most notable for his service as the 76th and 78th Governor of Vermont from 1977 to 1985 and from January 10, 1991 until his death.
A native of Allentown, Pennsylvania, Snelling was educated in Allentown and served in the United States Army at the end of World War II and during the post-war occupation of Germany.
He graduated from Harvard University in 1948 and embarked on a business career, working for companies in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Vermont.
He also became active in politics as a Republican and served a term in the Vermont House of Representatives (1959-1961), in addition to running unsuccessful campaigns for the Vermont Senate (1956), lieutenant governor (1964), and governor (1966).
In 1986, Snelling was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for the United States Senate, and was defeated by incumbent Democrat Patrick Leahy.
Snelling's family was also prominent in Vermont politics; his wife Barbara served as lieutenant governor and a member of the state senate.
The son of chemist Walter O. Snelling and Helen Marjorie Gahring, Snelling was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania on February 18, 1927.
He was educated in public schools of Allentown and graduated from Allentown High School in 1944, completing the requirements six months ahead of his classmates as part of an accelerated program for young men intending to enter the military during World War II.
During his high school years, Snelling was a member of the National Honor Society, as well as the school's track, swimming, and wrestling teams.
While at Harvard, Snelling was on the dean's list, played on the varsity football team, was president of the Harvard Conservative League, and taught swimming and aquatic safety.
He served at the end of World War II and in the post-war Occupation of Germany, and carried out assignments as an investigator and information bulletin editor.
He then moved to Philadelphia, where he led a venture to take over the bankrupt Henry A. Dreer, Inc., a retail and wholesale distributor of plants and seeds.
In 1953, Snelling moved to Vermont to take the position of assistant to the president of Colonial Motors, a Burlington car dealership.
A longtime resident of Shelburne, in 1957, Snelling founded Shelburne Industries, a maker of wire and metal products that later specialized in ski racks and other ski equipment.
He was a delegate to Republican National Conventions in 1960, 1968, 1980, and chairman of Chittenden County Republican Party Party and a member of Vermont Republican State Executive Committee from 1963 to 1966.
An abugida, it was introduced at least by the middle of the 3rd century BCE, possibly during the 4th century BCE, and remained in use until it died out in its homeland around the 3rd century CE.
It was also in use in Bactria, the Kushan Empire, Sogdia and along the Silk Road, where there is some evidence it may have survived until the 7th century in Khotan and Niya, both cities in Xinjiang.
Recent epigraphic evidence has shown that the order of letters in the Kharosthi script follows what has become known as the Arapacana alphabet.
Using epigraphic evidence, Salomon has established that the vowel order is /a e i o u/, rather than the usual vowel order for Indic scripts /a i u e o/.
The alphabet was used in Gandharan Buddhism as a mnemonic for remembering a series of verses on the nature of phenomena.
The system is based on an additive and a multiplicative principle, but does not have the subtractive feature used in the Roman number system.
For example, the number 1996 would be written as 1000 4 4 1 100 20 20 20 20 10 4 2 (image: text: ).
Scholars are not in agreement as to whether the Kharosthi script evolved gradually, or was the deliberate work of a single inventor.
An analysis of the script forms shows a clear dependency on the Aramaic alphabet but with extensive modifications to support the sounds found in Indic languages.
Kharosthi seems to be derived from a form of Aramaic used as a in administrative work during the reign of Darius the Great, rather than the monumental cuneiform used for public inscriptions.
One model is that the Aramaic script arrived with the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley in 500 BCE and evolved over the next 200+ years to reach its final form by the 3rd century BCE where it appears in some of the Edicts of Ashoka found in northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
However, no intermediate forms have yet been found to confirm this evolutionary model, and rock and coin inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE onward show a unified and standard form.
An inscription in Aramaic dating back to the 4th century BCE was found in Sirkap, testifying to the presence of the Aramaic script in northwestern India at that period.
The study of the Kharosthi script was recently invigorated by the discovery of the Gandhāran Buddhist texts, a set of birch bark manuscripts written in Kharosthi, discovered near the Afghan city of Hadda just west of the Khyber Pass in Pakistan.
While the derived Brahmi scripts remained in use for centuries, Kharosthi seems to have been abandoned after the 2nd-3rd Century AD.
Because of the substantial differences between the Semitic-derived Kharosthi script and its successors, knowledge of Kharosthi may have declined rapidly once the script was supplanted by Brahmi-derived scripts, until its re-discovery by Western scholars in the 19th Century.
The Kharosthi script was deciphered by James Prinsep (1799–1840) using the bilingual coins of the Indo-Greek Kingdom (obverse in Greek, reverse in Pali, using the Kharosthi script).
This in turn led to the reading of the Edicts of Ashoka, some of which, from the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, were written in the Kharosthi script (the Major Rock Edicts at Mansehra and Shahbazgarhi).
It was formerly one of four express stations on that line south of Croton–Harmon, but the only express trains that stop there are a few reverse peak trains in early morning and late evening.
The station also serves as the only Amtrak station in Southern Westchester serving points north and west like Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo, Montreal, and Toronto.
The station is two blocks west of the center of Getty Square in downtown Yonkers (where additional Bee-Line Bus System connections can be made), across the street from the historic Yonkers Post Office.
Four outdoor bicycle parking racks sit across Buena Vista Avenue from the station at the edge of Van Der Donck Park.
The current station building was built in 1911 for the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad (NYC) in the Beaux-Arts style.
Penn Central continued operating commuter travel until 1976, when it was taken over by Conrail, which in turn transferred the service to Metro-North Railroad in 1983.
The ticket office at this station closed on July 7, 2010, so that passengers must now buy their tickets from vending machines at street level.
Mindy Paige Davis (born October 15, 1969, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), known professionally as Paige Davis, is an American television personality and actress.
Davis subsequently signed a multi-year agreement with television syndication company King World Productions/CBS to develop new scripted and reality programming, including a deal to co-star in a daytime television program with interior designer Nate Berkus, but nothing came to air.
Davis was a spokesperson for RC Willey Home Furnishings, a subsidiary of Berkshire-Hathaway, with locations in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and California, however, upon her return to Trading Spaces in 2018, Davis gave up her affiliation with them.
Davis became Kodak's celebrity spokesperson with the media through March 2009, sharing Kodak-inspired projects and ideas in the weekly design show, 30-second TV spots, on-line tips, videos, and a custom-published magazine.
Janice Ann Crosio (; born 3 January 1939), Australian politician, was a Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives.
She was an alderman of Fairfield City Council in suburban Sydney from 1971 to 1980 and Mayor from 1974 to 1975 and 1977 to 1980.
Crosio was the first woman elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in thirty years, representing Fairfield from 1981 to 1988 and Smithfield from 1988 to 1990.
She was the first woman Cabinet minister in New South Wales: Minister for Natural Resources 1984–86, Minister for Local Government 1986–88 and Minister for Water Resources 1986–88.
She was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Arts and Administrative Services in 1993, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Environment, Sport and Territories 1993–94 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Social Security 1994–96.
Crosio was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to local government and the community in 1978.
She was made Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1980 for services to the Italian Community.
In 2006 she was made a Member (AM) in the General Division of the Order of Australia in recognition of her service to the Parliaments of the Australian Commonwealth and of New South Wales, her service to her municipality and also for her pioneering of women's participation in politics.
The Ludlow station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, located in the Ludlow Park neighborhood of Yonkers, New York.
Both platforms are canopied full length and have a ramp at their extreme north ends that lead to a passageway at track level (fences separating them from the tracks) before a staircase goes up to Ludlow Street, which crosses above the line.
The northbound platform's walkway is part of the sidewalk of Abe Cohen Plaza, a turn-around street that also serves as the station's parking lot.
The Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren (C199 / R199 / Z199) is a grand tourer jointly developed by German automotive manufacturer Mercedes-Benz and British automobile manufacturer McLaren Automotive and sold from 2003 to 2010.
When the car was developed, Mercedes-Benz owned 40 percent of the McLaren Group and the car was produced in conjunction between the two companies.
The concept car was fitted with a 5.0-litre supercharged AMG V8 engine able to generate a power output of and of torque at 4,000 rpm, mated to a 5-speed automatic gearbox with Touchshift control.
Wanting to bring the concept to production following its positive reception, Mercedes joined forces with their Formula One partner, McLaren, thus creating the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren.
The production version of the car was unveiled to the general public on 17 November 2003 having some minor design adjustments in respect of the initial design.
The adjustments included more complex vents on both sides of the car, a redesigned front with the three pointed star plunged in the nose and red tinted rear lights.
The last of the coupés rolled off the production line at the end of 2009 and the roadster version was dropped in early 2010.
Due to the automatic gear box, front mid-engine arrangement, and its driving characteristics, some automotive journalists classify the SLR McLaren as a grand tourer, whose rivals would include automobiles such as the Aston Martin DBS V12 and the Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano.
The brake discs are carbon-ceramic units and provide better stopping power and fade resistance than steel discs when operating under ideal working temperature.
At a set speed, the spoiler/brake automatically raises to 10 degrees (15 degrees in the 722 edition), when demanded via the driver's switch, the elevation can be increased to 30 degrees (35 degrees in the 722 edition) for increased rear downforce, at the cost of increased steady state drag.
Due to this, there was no other place for the exhaust pipes to exit, other than the sides of the car, making it another unique feature of the SLR.
The SLR has a hand-built supercharged all-aluminium alloy, SOHC 3 valves per cylinder 90° V8 engine, with a bore X stroke of and with a compression ratio of 8.8:1.
McLaren took the original concept car designed by Mercedes and moved the engine behind the front bumper, and around behind the front axle.
19-inch light-alloy wheels were used to reduce unsprung mass, while modifications were also made to the suspension, with a stiffer damper setup and lower ride height introduced for improved handling.
The SLR 722 can accelerate from 0 to in 3.6 seconds, 0 to 200 km/h (124 mph) in 10.2 seconds and 300 km/h (186 mph) in 27.6 seconds, and can attain a top speed of , faster than the standard Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren.
It uses the same engine as its coupé sibling, generating a power output of , to propel it to a top speed of and a 0 to acceleration time of 3.6 seconds.
The roadster has the same engine and suspension setup as the coupé along with the folding roof mechanism shared with the standard SLR roadster.
The 722 GT is a racing version of the SLR 722 which was developed for a one-make racing series called the SLR Club.
The front grill vents are removed and larger, free flowing air extractors sit on the hood and flank the side of the car.
The engine remains in relatively stock specification but now generates a power output of and of torque at 1.75 bar (175 kPa) of boost and is equipped with a new racing filter and exhaust system.
An adjustable wheel camber along with shock absorbers with variable compression and rebound settings allows the suspension setup to be configured for different race tracks.
New 18-inch OZ racing wheels with central locking nuts allow for faster tyre changes while a pneumatic jack system aids further in the process.
The stock carbon ceramic braking system has been replaced with an FIA approved racing brake system with steel brake discs having a modified cooling system and balance that ensure improved stopping power.
The stock steering wheel has been replaced with a racing steering wheel with paddle shifters and a gear change indicator, the heated leather seats have also been removed in favour of Recaro racing bucket seats with six-point racing harness and the gauges have been replaced with a digital racing display.
The 722 GT could accelerate from in 3.3 seconds and could attain a top speed of , which is less than the standard SLR due to added aerodynamic drag.
Named after the British racing driver of the same name, the SLR Stirling Moss is a limited edition variant unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show, which uses a speedster styling that does not include a roof or a windscreen.
The SLR Stirling Moss was to be the last series of the McLaren SLR built under the partnership between Mercedes-Benz and McLaren, until McLaren announced their own final Edition of the SLR in late 2010.
The SLR Stirling Moss could attain a top speed of with acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) achieved in 3 seconds.
The SLR Stirling Moss was available only to the existing SLR owners and each car cost in excess of US$1 million.
In December 2010, more than a year after the SLR was officially discontinued, McLaren Special Operations (MSO) announced a bespoke program for the SLR.
The McLaren Edition is based on all variants of the SLR with the exclusion of Stirling Moss and includes revised bodywork (front and rear bumper, grille, top shell, side grills, rear diffuser, wheels) and interior parts, along with upgraded steering and suspension components and a new titanium sports exhaust.
Total sales were 615 units in 2005, 261 units in 2006, and 275 units in 2007, falling well below Mercedes-McLaren's goal of selling 500 units annually.
In the 2016–17 season the league was the second-best supported in Europe, behind the Swiss National League A, with an average attendance of 6,198 spectators per game.
It was in turn replaced by the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, which now also carries the name 1st Bundesliga in its logo.
Fans and corporate sponsors focused on the 1st Bundesliga teams, forcing the elite teams to invest heavily in players to avoid relegation.
In January 1994, 20 out of the remaining 21 1st and 2nd Bundesliga teams voted for creating a new entity, the DEL.
The goal behind the DEL was to create a league, based on the model of the North American NHL, in which teams could play consistently without relegation concerns and create a stable league.
The Bosman ruling, a 1995 decision of the European Court of Justice regarding the movement of labor in soccer, had profound influence on the league.
26 NHL players came to play the season in the DEL, including Jamie Langenbrunner, Erik Cole, Stéphane Robidas, Doug Weight, Mike York and several German national team players – Jochen Hecht, Olaf Kölzig, and Marco Sturm.
The DEL can only admit one 2nd Bundesliga team per season to the league, unless the league strength falls below fourteen, in which case two clubs can be admitted.
Since the 2006–07 season, no DEL team can be automatically relegated, a team can only lose its league status through non-compliance with the leagues regulations (see above).
The league expanded to allow 16 teams beginning in the 2008–09 season, resulting in direct promotion for the 2nd Bundesliga league champions, should they fulfill all requirements and be interested in joining the DEL.
Should this not be the case, or a current DEL team resigns from the league, a selection process would determine the club, or clubs, who would be eligible to join in order required to achieve 16 teams.
For that season, it was also mandated that each DEL club would be allowed to have no more than ten non-EC players under contract.
Additionally, a new format for the game schedule will limit the number of regular season games to 52 for each team.
The first- and second-lowest ranked teams will play a best-of-seven series to determine which team faces the 2nd Bundesliga champion for a place in the league.
There is, however, an ongoing dispute about those games as second division teams may only have five foreign players on contract, and therefore face a handicap in comparison to the DEL teams with twelve import players each.
The primitive rectangular lattice can also be described by a centered rhombic unit cell, while the centered rectangular lattice can also be described by a primitive rhombic unit cell.
In the orthorhombic system there is a rarely used second choice of crystal axes that results in a unit cell with the shape of a right rhombic prism; it can be constructed because the rectangular two-dimensional base layer can also be described with rhombic axes.
In this axis setting, the primitive and base-centered lattices swap in centering type, while the same thing happens with the body-centered and face-centered lattices.
Note that the length formula_1 in the lower row is not the same as in the upper row, as can be seen in the figure in the section on two-dimensional lattices.
For the first and third column above, formula_1 of the second row equals formula_3 of the first row, and for the second and fourth column it equals half of this.
The Democratic Party was a political party active in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2005, although not officially deregistered until 2010.
It aimed to reduce Britain's involvement with the European Union, opposed the adoption of the euro, called for direct democracy, and argued for limits on immigration.
Charles Beauclerk, Earl of Burford, stood as its candidate in the November 1999 Kensington and Chelsea by-election against Michael Portillo, receiving 189 votes (0.9%).
It criticised the United Kingdom Independence Party in 2000 for being perceived as right-wing, lacking political acumen, and performing poorly in Westminster elections.
Until 2001 the party's Home and Legal Affairs spokesman was Alan Kilshaw, who resigned when he and his then wife became involved in an adoption scandal.
Other than in seeking legal advice, the party was inactive after 2005 at the latest, and received no income in 2008 or 2009.
Alfred's parents, Charles and Jane Wallis, were from Penzance in Cornwall and moved to Devonport, Devon to find work in 1850 where Alfred and his brother Charles were born.
On leaving school Alfred was apprenticed to a basketmaker before becoming a mariner in the merchant service by the early 1870s.
Wallis married Susan Ward at St Mary's Church in Penzance in 1876, when he was 20 and his wife was 41.
He continued as a deep-sea fisherman on the Newfoundland run in the early days of his marriage allowing him to earn a good wage.
The family moved to St. Ives, Cornwall, in 1890 where he established himself as a marine stores dealer, buying scrap iron, sails, rope and other items.
His paintings are an excellent example of naïve art; perspective is ignored and an object's scale is often based on its relative importance in the scene, giving many of his paintings a map-like quality.
In 1928, a few years after he had started painting, Ben Nicholson and Kit Wood came to St Ives and established an artist colony.
Despite this attention, Wallis sold few paintings and continued to live in poverty until he died in the Madron workhouse near Penzance.
An elaborate gravestone, depicting a tiny mariner at the foot of a huge lighthouse – a popular motif in Wallis' paintings – was made from tiles by the potter Bernard Leach and covers Wallis' tomb.
Ceratiola is a genus of flowering plants with a single species, Ceratiola ericoides, the sand heath, sandhill-rosemary or Florida-rosemary, is a species of shrub usually included in the plant family Ericaceae, though treated by some botanists in the Empetraceae.
It is native to subtropical scrub and dry sandy habitats in the coastal southeastern United States, in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi and South Carolina.
Like sand pine, it is adapted to the harsh coastal environment where hot sun and fast draining white sandy soils are common.
The name derives from the species' superficial similarity to the unrelated European shrub rosemary, familiar for its leaves used as a herb.
used Hecke operators on modular forms in a paper on the special cusp form of Ramanujan, ahead of the general theory given by .
The idea goes back to earlier work of Adolf Hurwitz, who treated algebraic correspondences between modular curves which realise some individual Hecke operators.
Modular forms are particular kinds of functions of a lattice, subject to conditions making them analytic functions and homogeneous with respect to homotheties, as well as moderate growth at infinity; these conditions are preserved by the summation, and so Hecke operators preserve the space of modular forms of a given weight.
In the case treated by Mordell, the space of cusp forms of weight 12 with respect to the full modular group is one-dimensional.
The school was founded in 1831 as a men's college in downtown Cincinnati next to St. Francis Xavier Church on Sycamore Street.
The Athenaeum, as it was then called, was dedicated to the patronage of Saint Francis Xavier by Bishop Edward Fenwick on October 17, 1831.
Upon Bishop John Baptist Purcell's request, the Society of Jesus took control of The Athenaeum in 1840, and the name was changed to St. Xavier College in honor of the 16th century Jesuit missionary, St. Francis Xavier who, like the founder of the Jesuits, Ignatius Loyola, was a Spanish Basque.
St. Xavier College moved in 1912 to its current Norwood location, about north of downtown Cincinnati, after the purchase of from the Avondale Athletic Club.
St. Xavier College and St. Xavier High School officially split in 1919, though they did not become financially independent until 1934.
Xavier fully admitted women in 1969, but women began attending the college in 1914 in the evening, weekend, and summer school divisions.
The campus covers approximately in the City of Cincinnati (Norwood neighborhood) and features residential and academic malls, flanked by the older west campus and by the expanding east campus.
Bellarmine Chapel's roof is in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid, also known as a saddle roof, that will not collapse even if the Chapel walls were removed.
Next to the Gallagher Student Center (north to south) is Science Row: Lindner Hall (Physics), Logan Hall (Chemistry), and Albers Hall (Biology).
In the middle of this impressive chain is Hinkle Hall, the three-story Tudor-Gothic structure that is the oldest standing building on campus (1919) and whose turrets were modeled after the Xavier Family Castle in Navarre, Spain.
It is followed by Edgecliff Hall which was Alumni Science Hall (1919) but was renamed after the former Edgecliff College and is home to the Department of Music.
It houses the Office of Admission and Office of Financial Aid as well as the Departments of Modern Languages, Classics, Communication Arts, Political Science, and Sociology.
Finally, Hailstones Hall, which was the former home of the Williams College of Business, is adjoined behind Alter to the east, and so is not truly on the mall.
To the north of the Academic Mall and on the opposite side of the Gallagher Student Center and Bellarmine Chapel is the Residential Mall.
Brockman Hall is due north of Gallagher and is an all-freshmen, community-style residence where about 300 students have one or two roommates and share a bathroom with their wing.
Kuhlman and Husman together house about 1,000 freshmen and sophomore students and feature suite style, where students have one or two roommates and share a bathroom with another room.
Cohen is home to the Art Department and Xavier Art Gallery, as well as the School of Nursing and departments of Criminal Justice, Social Work, Occupational Therapy, Health Services Administration, and some of the offices of the School of Education.
As part of the latest construction on campus, a new residential complex called Fenwick Place opened in fall 2011 to the west of The Commons and south of the Residential Mall.
Smith Hall is home to the Williams College of Business and features a Wall Street-style trading center with Bloomberg Terminals and two stock tickers.
Undergraduate students attending Xavier must complete a significant number of distribution requirements that are more commonly known as the Core Curriculum.
All students upon completion of a bachelor's degree have read The Republic, Discourse on Method, and selections from the Bible among other original texts.
Business majors (from the Williams College of Business) are also required to complete the Business Core, which consists of courses in Accounting, Business Law, Economics, Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems, Management, Marketing, and Statistics (the Business Core occupies 35 credit hours).
Business majors, therefore, are only required to take 18–21 hours in their chosen field (providing many students with an incentive to declare a second major within the Williams College of Business).
Students in the other colleges (the College of Social Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences) generally have to complete at least 60 credit hours of courses within the major and electives within the College.
degree, 120 credit hours must be obtained, and all students must achieve a 2.0 GPA minimum in their major course of study.
Certain majors, such as Politics Philosophy and the Public (PPP), Honors Bachelor of Arts (HAB), and Philosophy, require a written thesis and defense before a selected committee.
The University's graduation rate of 94% is the third highest graduation rate for athletes in the nation behind Duke University and Stanford University.
On March 20, 2013, the Xavier administration announced that the school will join the newly created Big East following the realignment of the old Big East Conference, and moved to the new conference July 1, 2013.
The team has enjoyed considerable recent success, reaching the Elite Eight in the NCAA Tournament in 2004, 2008, and 2017 and still has not made a Final Four.
During the era of college football's now-defunct Bowl Championship Series, Xavier was one of only two schools outside the main BCS conferences (a group now known as the Power Five) to be listed among the top 20 most valuable programs in college basketball (the other being UNLV) according to Forbes.
The team was led by head coach Brent MacDonald, who earned Big East Coach of the Year in 2014 and 2015.
The Xavier men's swim team overall has captured the Big East Title in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2019 making it their fourth championship in the six years since joining the conference in 2013.
The club sports program is designed to serve the interests of Xavier University students, faculty, and staff in different sports and recreational activities.
The Blue Blob is a furry creature that has made several television and magazine appearances over the years, including a controversial PlayBoy appearance.
The Blue Blob has Bobble-Body dolls, Plush replicas, and T-shirts made in his likeness, and an annual Blue Blob Appreciation Night during the Musketeer's basketball season.
At the beginning of freshman year, the Center gives students opportunities to form community among themselves, with an effort at inclusiveness across all lines of faith and culture.
Most programs include reflection components, and the following programs facilitated by the Center are also staged to provoke reflection: Ignatian Family Teach-In for Justice, Stories of Solidarity, Jesuit Martyrs of El Salvador commemoration, and Contemplatives in Action.
Opportunities include mixing with the students in the NEXUS Community Garden project, joining in on the Alternative Breaks immersion experiences, participating in Community Action Day, and working service-learning into the content of courses.
Hydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.
One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to cause the movement of the fluids.
This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering.
Hydraulic engineering is the application of the principles of fluid mechanics to problems dealing with the collection, storage, control, transport, regulation, measurement, and use of water.
The hydraulic engineer is concerned with the transport of sediment by the river, the interaction of the water with its alluvial boundary, and the occurrence of scour and deposition.
A few examples of the fundamental principles of hydraulic engineering include fluid mechanics, fluid flow, behavior of real fluids, hydrology, pipelines, open channel hydraulics, mechanics of sediment transport, physical modeling, hydraulic machines, and drainage hydraulics.
A viscous fluid will deform continuously under a shear force by the pascles law, whereas an ideal fluid does not deform.
Assuming a flow is bounded on one side only, and that a rectilinear flow passing over a stationary flat plate which lies parallel to the flow, the flow just upstream of the plate has a uniform velocity.
There is then a considerable shearing action between the layer of fluid on the plate surface and the second layer of fluid.
The second layer is therefore forced to decelerate (though it is not quite brought to rest), creating a shearing action with the third layer of fluid, and so on.
As the fluid passes further along with the plate, the zone in which shearing action occurs tends to spread further outwards.
The flow outside the boundary layer is free of shear and viscous-related forces so it is assumed to act as an ideal fluid.
Hence a fluid will flow under the action of the slightest stress and flow will continue as long as the stress is present.
Common topics of design for hydraulic engineers include hydraulic structures such as dams, levees, water distribution networks, water collection networks, sewage collection networks, storm water management, sediment transport, and various other topics related to transportation engineering and geotechnical engineering.
Equations developed from the principles of fluid dynamics and fluid mechanics are widely utilized by other engineering disciplines such as mechanical, aeronautical and even traffic engineers.
Related branches include hydrology and rheology while related applications include hydraulic modeling, flood mapping, catchment flood management plans, shoreline management plans, estuarine strategies, coastal protection, and flood alleviation.
Other early examples of using gravity to move water include the Qanat system in ancient Persia and the very similar Turpan water system in ancient China as well as irrigation canals in Peru.
In ancient China, hydraulic engineering was highly developed, and engineers constructed massive canals with levees and dams to channel the flow of water for irrigation, as well as locks to allow ships to pass through.
Another important Hydraulic Engineer in China, Ximen Bao was credited of starting the practice of large scale canal irrigation during the Warring States period (481 BC-221 BC), even today hydraulic engineers remain a respectable position in China.
In the Archaic epoch of the Philippines, hydraulic engineering also developed specially in the Island of Luzon, the Ifugaos of the mountainous region of the Cordilleras built irrigations, dams and hydraulic works and the famous Banaue Rice Terraces as a way for assisting in growing crops around 1000 BC.
These Rice Terraces are 2,000-year-old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao in the Philippines by ancestors of the indigenous people.
Eupalinos of Megara, was an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos in the 6th century BC, an important feat of both civil and hydraulic engineering.
The civil engineering aspect of this tunnel was the fact that it was dug from both ends which required the diggers to maintain an accurate path so that the two tunnels met and that the entire effort maintained a sufficient slope to allow the water to flow.
Hydraulic engineering was highly developed in Europe under the aegis of the Roman Empire where it was especially applied to the construction and maintenance of aqueducts to supply water to and remove sewage from their cities.
In addition to supplying the needs of their citizens they used hydraulic mining methods to prospect and extract alluvial gold deposits in a technique known as hushing, and applied the methods to other ores such as those of tin and lead.
Through hydraulic engineering, it also constructed many of the limestone wells and cisterns of the state that are still operative and in use today.
The rulers developed new systems for agriculture and taxation, which continued to be used in parts of the Horn of Africa as late as the 19th century.
Further advances in hydraulic engineering occurred in the Muslim world between the 8th to 16th centuries, during what is known as the Islamic Golden Age.
Of particular importance was the 'water management technological complex' which was central to the Islamic Green Revolution and, by extension, a precondition for the emergence of modern technology.
The various components of this 'toolkit' were developed in different parts of the Afro-Eurasian landmass, both within and beyond the Islamic world.
However, it was in the medieval Islamic lands where the technological complex was assembled and standardized, and subsequently diffused to the rest of the Old World.
Liquids are still moved for the most part by gravity through systems of canals and aqueducts, though the supply reservoirs may now be filled using pumps.
The need for water has steadily increased from ancient times and the role of the hydraulic engineer is a critical one in supplying it.
For example, without the efforts of people like William Mulholland the Los Angeles area would not have been able to grow as it has because it simply does not have enough local water to support its population.
In much the same way, the central valley of California could not have become such an important agricultural region without effective water management and distribution for irrigation.
In a somewhat parallel way to what happened in California, the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) brought work and prosperity to the South by building dams to generate cheap electricity and control flooding in the region, making rivers navigable and generally modernizing life in the region.
Isaac Newton (1642–1727) by formulating the laws of motion and his law of viscosity, in addition to developing the calculus, paved the way for many great developments in fluid mechanics.
However, most flows are dominated by viscous effects, so engineers of the 17th and 18th centuries found the inviscid flow solutions unsuitable, and by experimentation they developed empirical equations, thus establishing the science of hydraulics.
Late in the 19th century, the importance of dimensionless numbers and their relationship to turbulence was recognized, and dimensional analysis was born.
In 1904 Ludwig Prandtl published a key paper, proposing that the flow fields of low-viscosity fluids be divided into two zones, namely a thin, viscosity-dominated boundary layer near solid surfaces, and an effectively inviscid outer zone away from the boundaries.
However, we still have no complete theory for the nature of turbulence, and so modern fluid mechanics continues to be combination of experimental results and theory.
The modern hydraulic engineer uses the same kinds of computer-aided design (CAD) tools as many of the other engineering disciplines while also making use of technologies like computational fluid dynamics to perform the calculations to accurately predict flow characteristics, GPS mapping to assist in locating the best paths for installing a system and laser-based surveying tools to aid in the actual construction of a system.
A , also known as a is an extremely long, highly specialized knife used in Japan to fillet tuna and other large fish.
It can fillet a tuna in a single cut, although usually two people are needed to handle the knife and the tuna.
The flexible blade can be curved to match the shape of the spine to minimize the amount of meat remaining on the tuna carcass.
They are commonly found at wholesale fish markets in Japan, the largest of which is the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, for which they are often called , as they are of little need elsewhere.
They may be found at very large restaurants, but they are not used in a regular Japanese kitchen, unless there is a frequent need to fillet tuna with a weight of 200 kg (440 pounds) or more.
Often they are used by two people simultaneously, where the second person handles the other end, using a towel wrapped around the blade for protection.
The magazine is illustrated in full color, with both amateur and professional photography of celestial sights, as well as tables and charts of upcoming celestial events.
In 2005, Sky Publishing Corporation was acquired by New Track Media, a portfolio company of the private equity firm Boston Ventures.
James Alexander Murray (9 November 1864 in Moncton, New Brunswick – 16 February 1960) was a Conservative politician and the 16th Premier of New Brunswick.
Murray was first elected to the legislature in 1908 and served as Minister of Agriculture before becoming Premier in 1917 only to have his government defeated in the general election weeks later.
The region Northeast Ohio, in the US state of Ohio, in its most expansive usage contains six metropolitan areas (Cleveland–Elyria, Akron, Canton–Massillon, Youngstown–Warren, Mansfield, and Weirton–Steubenville) along with eight micropolitan statistical areas.
Most of the region is considered either part of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area and media market or the Youngstown–Warren, OH-PA Combined Statistical Area and media market.
At its largest, there are 23 counties in the region, home to over 4.5 million people, with a labor force of almost 2.2 million and an economic GDP (nominal) of $195 billion, which makes it comparable to that of New Zealand or the Republic of Ireland.
Most of Northeast Ohio is part of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which ranked as the 17th-largest Combined Statistical Area (CSA) in the United States as of the 2010 Census with a population of 3,630,166.
It includes the five counties that make up Greater Cleveland (Cuyahoga, Lake, Geauga, Medina, and Lorain), the Akron metropolitan area (Portage and Summit counties), Canton–Massillon metropolitan area (Stark and Carroll counties), and the Ashtabula, Sandusky, Norwalk, New Philadelphia-Dover, and Wooster micropolitan areas.
The Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball play at Progressive Field, Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) are based at FirstEnergy Stadium, and the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) play at Quicken Loans Arena.
Quicken Loans Arena is also home to two additional professional franchises, the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League.
The Indians have three minor league affiliates in the area: the AA Akron RubberDucks of the Eastern League who play at Canal Park in Akron, the Single-A Lake County Captains of the Midwest League who play at Classic Park in Eastlake, and the Single-A Mahoning Valley Scrappers of the New York–Penn League, who play at Eastwood Field in Niles.
Additionally, there is an independent baseball team, the Lake Erie Crushers of the Frontier League, who play at Sprenger Stadium in Avon.
The Youngstown Phantoms are a junior ice hockey team in the United States Hockey League that has home games at Covelli Centre.
Motorsports venues in the region include Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in Lexington and Summit Motorsports Park in Norwalk, a major NHRA venue.
The region is home to a number of NCAA athletic programs, including four in Division I: the Akron Zips, Cleveland State Vikings, Kent State Golden Flashes, and Youngstown State Penguins.
Both Akron and Kent State are members of the Cleveland-based Mid-American Conference, while Cleveland State and Youngstown State are members of the Horizon League.
Six schools compete at the NCAA Division II level: the Lake Erie Storm, Ursuline Arrows, Malone Pioneers, Ashland Eagles, Notre Dame Falcons, and Walsh Cavaliers.
There are eight schools at the Division III level: Mount Union Purple Raiders, Hiram Terriers, John Carroll Blue Streaks, Baldwin Wallace Yellow Jackets, Case Western Reserve Spartans, Kenyon Lords, Oberlin Yeomen, and Wooster Scots.
The Cleveland Metroparks are a system of nature preserves that encircle the city, and the Cuyahoga Valley National Park encompasses the Cuyahoga River valley between Cleveland and Akron.
The western half of the region, including Ashland and Richland counties, and parts of Huron, Wayne and Erie counties, was assigned area code 419.
In 1996, area code 216 was reduced in size to cover the northern half of its prior area, centering on Cleveland.
Area code 330 was introduced for the southern half of Northeast Ohio, including Summit, Portage, Medina, Stark, Columbiana and Mahoning counties, and much of Wayne, Trumbull and Tuscarawas counties.
Area code 440 was introduced to cover the remainder of was what previously area code 216, including all of Lake, Lorain, Ashtabula and Geauga counties, and parts of Trumbull, Huron, Erie and Cuyahoga counties.
In 1999, Congressman Dennis Kucinich introduced federal legislation to protect small and medium-sized cities from being split into two or more area codes.
In 2000, it was anticipated that the available phone numbers in area code 330 would be exhausted, and an overlay area code was introduced.
With the creation of area code 234, any new phone number in the geographical area formerly covered by area code 330 could be assigned a phone number in either the 234 or 330 area codes, with no change in local or long distance toll status.
After the introduction of area code 234, assignments of new telephone numbers in the area did not continue at an accelerated pace, and new phone numbers for area code 234 were not assigned until 2003.
Sahti is top-fermented and many have a banana flavor due to isoamyl acetate from the use of baking yeast, although ale yeast may also be used in fermenting.
The end product is a cloudy beer with phenolic flavors and a distinct taste similar to banana, balanced by the bitterness from the juniper branches.
In Finland, due to the higher percentage of alcohol in sahti, it is only sold in commercial sahti breweries, pubs or state-owned Alko stores, not in regular markets or grocery stores.
Modern craft beer versions of sahti can be somewhat removed from the original style, because brewers may use more hops, might not use juniper twigs, could introduce more carbonation, boil the wort, and may not use Finnish baking yeast.
This increases the chances of infection by lactic bacteria somewhat, and the very low usage of hops also tends to make it keep poorly.
Sahti has also been brewed as a stone beer, with infusion mashing, with variants of decoction mashing, by boiling the mash in the kettle, and so on.
As the term 'Finnish Sahti' has protected geographical status, technically these companies must call their beverage simply Sahti or Finnish-Style Sahti.
The paper had a close relationship with the conservative Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn), especially during the Cold War, and its editors or their parliamentary reporters routinely sat in on meetings of the parliamentary party until 1983 when Geir Hallgrímsson, Chairman of the Board of Árvakur and also the Chairman of the Independence Party, decided that this relationship was neither in the best interests of the party nor the newspaper.
Although its connection with the Independence Party is not as direct as in previous decades, the newspaper is sometimes criticised for leaning too much towards the party, especially at election times.
Although the paper shares the mainstream conservative values of the Independence Party, it has also shown its independence on some key issues, especially in the debate on fishing rights distribution.
It was always the number one newspaper in Iceland, and it took an absolute lead in the early 1970s and routed most of the competition, enjoying an unchallenged superiority for the next three decades.
In a controversial decision, the owners of the paper decided in September 2009 to appoint Davíð Oddsson, a member of the Independence Party, Iceland's longest-serving Prime Minister and former Governor of the Central Bank, as one of the two editors of the paper.
Originally introduced as a concept car at the 1998 Birmingham Motor Show, the 340R is a special edition of the Lotus Elise.
While road-legal in the UK and Europe, most of the surviving cars are only used for racing, track use, or demonstrations.
The engine is a four-cylinder version of the 1.8L Rover K-Series engine called VHPD (Very High Power Derivative) used in the regular Elise which produces at 7800 rpm and at 6750 rpm as standard, or at 7500 rpm and at 5600 rpm with optional Lotus accessories.
James Boyle Uniacke (1799 – 26 March 1858) led the first responsible government in Canada as it is today or any colony of the British Empire.
He was the first Premier of the colony of Nova Scotia from 1848 to 1854 serving concurrently as the colony's Attorney-General.
The son of Richard John Uniacke, James was born to politics and entered the colony's legislative assembly in 1832 as a Conservative.
In 1838 he joined the Executive Council and became a Reformer during the struggle for responsible government culminating in the 1848 election, the first under responsible government, which resulted in a Liberal Party administration led by Uniacke with Howe becoming more prominent after 1851 as Uniacke's health declined.
Uniacke worked closely with Joseph Howe, the most influential reform politician of the era and put Howe in his cabinet as Provincial Secretary.
Uniacke lived for years with Rosina in what is now known as the Black-Binney House, which is now a national historic site.
WCCO-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 32), is a CBS owned-and-operated television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market.
WCCO-TV's studios are located on South 11th Street along Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis, and its transmitter is located at the Telefarm complex in Shoreview, Minnesota.
WCCO-TV's programming is also seen on full-power satellite station KCCW-TV (virtual and VHF digital channel 12) in Walker (with transmitter near Hackensack).
From 1987 until 2017, WCCO-TV operated a second satellite, KCCO-TV (virtual and VHF digital channel 7) in Alexandria (with transmitter near Westport).
WCCO is one of three owned-and-operated network affiliates in the Twin Cities market, the others being Fox O&O KMSP-TV (channel 9) and MyNetworkTV O&O WFTC (channel 9.2).
Twin Cities Newspapers later expanded into the fledgling FM band with WTCN-FM, and shortly thereafter to the then-new medium of television with the launch of WTCN-TV on July 1, 1949, becoming Minnesota's second television station, broadcasting from the Radio City Theater at 50 South 9th Street in downtown Minneapolis.
However, it had a secondary affiliation with ABC during its early years, from 1949 to 1953, until a new station using the WTCN-TV calls (now known as KARE-TV) picked up the ABC affiliation, retaining it from its 1953 sign on until 1961 when it became an independent station; it has been affiliated with NBC since 1979.
Twin Cities Newspapers sold off its broadcast holdings in 1952, with channel 4 going to the Murphy and McNally families, who had recently bought the Twin Cities' dominant radio station, WCCO (830 AM), from CBS.
The call letters of channel 4 were changed to WCCO-TV to match its new radio sister on August 17 (the WTCN-TV call sign appeared again in the market the following year on the new channel 11).
CBS was forced to sell its minority ownership stake in the WCCO stations in 1954 to comply with Federal Communications Commission ownership limits of the time.
In 1959, WCCO became the first station in the midwest to have a videotape machine; it came at a cost of $50,000 and one part-time employee was hired to operate the machine.
In 1961, with the establishment of the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League, the station, via CBS, which held the rights to broadcast NFL games, became the 'unofficial' home station of the team.
Today, most Vikings games are on KMSP-TV; since 1998, WCCO airs Vikings games (at least two each season) when the Vikings play host to an AFC team at the Metrodome/U.S.
On July 23, 1962, WCCO-TV was involved in the world's first live international broadcast via the Telstar satellite; the station's mobile units provided the feed for all three networks, ABC, CBS and NBC for a program originating from the Black Hills showing Mount Rushmore to the world.
In September 1983, WCCO relocated its operations from its longtime studios on South 9th Street to the present location at South 11th Street & Nicollet Mall.
During the 1980s, a cable-exclusive sister station was created to supplement WCCO, with its own slate of local and national entertainment programming.
It continued under CBS ownership until 2000, when it was announced that MSC and sister RSN Home Team Sports were to be sold—HTS went to Comcast, while MSC was sold to Fox Entertainment Group and became part of Fox Sports Net, becoming Fox Sports North (it had been an FSN affiliate since 1997).
On February 2, 2017, CBS agreed to sell CBS Radio to Entercom, currently the fourth-largest radio broadcasting company in the United States.
The sale was completed on November 17, 2017, and was conducted using a Reverse Morris Trust so that it was tax-free.
While CBS shareholders retain a 72% ownership stake in the combined company, Entercom is the surviving entity, with WCCO radio and its sister stations now separated from WCCO-TV.
WCCO-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 4, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate.
Both of these stations were founded by the Central Minnesota Television Company and maintained primary affiliations with NBC and secondary affiliations with ABC from their respective sign-ons until the summer of 1982, when both stations switched to CBS.
Central Minnesota Television sold both stations to Midwest Radio and Television in 1987, at which point they adopted their present call letters and became semi-satellites of WCCO-TV.
Until 2002, the two stations simulcast WCCO-TV's programming for most of the day, except for separate commercials and inserts placed into channel 4's newscasts.
However, in 2002, WCCO-TV ended KCCO/KCCW's local operations and shut down the Alexandria studio, converting the two stations into full-time satellites.
WCCO-TV remains available on cable and satellite providers in the Alexandria area; Selective TV, Inc., a local translator collective, announced on December 22 that it had struck a deal to add WCCO to its lineup.
WCCO presently broadcasts 33½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 5½ hours each weekday and three hours each on Saturdays and Sundays).
WCCO leads by large margins in overall households, though compared to the 25-54 demo, the numbers are much more competitive with NBC affiliate KARE.
WCCO began broadcasting local newscasts in high-definition on May 28, 2009, becoming the third major network station in the Twin Cities (behind KARE and KMSP) to do so.
WCCO-TV launched a streaming news service, CBSN Minnesota (a localized version of the national CBSN service) on December 12, 2019, as part of a rollout of similar services across the CBS-owned stations.
The Treaty of Aigun (Russian: Айгунский договор; ) was an 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire, and the empire of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu rulers of China, that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria (the original homeland of the Manchu people and the Qing Dynasty), which is now known as Northeast China.
It reversed the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) by transferring the land between the Stanovoy Range and the Amur River from China (Qing Empire) to the Russian Empire.
Since the reign of Catherine the Great (1762 – 1796), Russia had desired to become a naval power in the Pacific.
It did so by annexing Kamchatka Peninsula and establishing the naval outpost of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 1740, naval outposts in Russian Alaska and near the River Amur watershed, encouraging Russians to go there and settle, and slowly developing a strong military presence in the Amur region.
From 1850 to 1864, China was heavily fighting the Taiping Rebellion, and Governor-General of the Far East Nikolay Muraviev camped tens of thousands of troops on the borders of Mongolia and Manchuria, preparing to make legal Russian de facto control over the Amur from past settlement.
Muraviev seized the opportunity when it was clear that China was losing the Second Opium War, and threatened China with a war on a second front.
The Russian representative Nikolay Muravyov and the Qing representative Yishan, both military governors of the area signed the treaty on May 28, 1858, in the town of Aigun.
NaH is representative of the saline hydrides, meaning it is a salt-like hydride, composed of Na and H ions, in contrast to the more molecular hydrides such as borane, methane, ammonia and water.
It is an ionic material that is insoluble in organic solvents (although soluble in molten Na), consistent with the fact that H remains an unknown anion in solution.
The ionic radii of H (146 pm in NaH) and F (133 pm) are comparable, as judged by the Na−H and Na−F distances.
Na is an alkalide, and this compound differs from ordinary sodium hydride in having a much higher energy content due to the net displacement of two electrons from hydrogen to sodium.
Theoretical work has suggested that even an unprotected protonated tertiary amine complexed with the sodium alkalide might be metastable under certain solvent conditions, though the barrier to reaction would be small and finding a suitable solvent might be difficult.
As a superbase, it is capable of deprotonating a range of even weak Brønsted acids to give the corresponding sodium derivatives.
NaH is widely used to promote condensation reactions of carbonyl compounds via the Dieckmann condensation, Stobbe condensation, Darzens condensation, and Claisen condensation.
NaH is used to make sulfur ylides, which in turn are used to convert ketones into epoxides, as in the Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction.
A series of reduction reactions, including the hydrodecyanation of tertiary nitriles, reduction of imines to amines, and amides to aldehydes, can be effected by a composite reagent composed of sodium hydride and an alkali metal iodide (NaH:MI, M = Li, Na).
The compound is often used in this form but the pure grey solid can be prepared by rinsing the commercial product with pentane or THF, with care being taken because the waste solvent will contain traces of NaH and can ignite in air.
Typically NaH is used as a suspension in THF, a solvent that resists attack by strong bases but can solvate many reactive sodium compounds.
Emergency Government Headquarters is the name given for a system of nuclear fallout shelters built by the Government of Canada in the 1950s and 1960s as part of continuity of government planning at the height of the Cold War.
The nickname was derived from the last name of the Prime Minister of the day, John Diefenbaker, who authorized their construction.
The majority of the larger facilities were two-story underground bunkers while the largest at CFS Carp had four floors; these facilities were designed to withstand a near-miss from a nuclear explosion.
Each underground facility had entrances through massive blast doors at the surface, as well as extensive air filters and positive air pressure to prevent radiation infiltration.
Underground storage was built for food, fuel, fresh water, and other supplies for the facilities which were capable of supporting several dozen people for a period of several weeks.
The facilities were operated by personnel from the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals, renamed to Communications Command after the 1968 unification of the Canadian Armed Forces.
Following the end of the Cold War, all but one of the Diefenbunkers have been decommissioned and either covered over, demolished or sold.
The two Diefenbunkers which members of the public may visit are located at former CFS Carp in Ontario and CFS Debert.
CFS Carp was decommissioned in 1994 and has been converted into a year-round museum dedicated to the history of the Cold War.
CFS Debert in Nova Scotia was open for tours for the decade following its closure in 1994 as part of a local military museum.
When subsequent owners advertised the facility for resale, rumours began that a chapter of a criminal outlaw motorcycle gang, possibly the Hells Angels, was expressing interest.
The scene consisted of the President of the United States, James Cromwell, and his political advisors performing a war game scenario.
One member of each team had to search among the bunker's vast array of rooms for three of five hidden souvenirs: a helicopter, a tank, a jeep, a plane, and a compass.
American International Group, Inc., also known as AIG, is an American multinational finance and insurance corporation with operations in more than 80 countries and jurisdictions.
During the financial crisis of 2008, the Federal Reserve bailed the company out for $180 billion and assumed control, with the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission correlating AIG's failure with the mass sales of unhedged insurance.
In 2011 the nationalization of AIG was ruled illegal, and after regaining autonomy, AIG repaid $205 billion to the United States government in 2012.
AIG was founded December 19, 1919 when American Cornelius Vander Starr (1892-1968) established a general insurance agency, American Asiatic Underwriters (AAU), in Shanghai, China.
The steady growth of the Latin American agencies proved significant as it would offset the decline in business from Asia due to the impending World War II.
Throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, AIU continued to expand in Europe, with offices opening in France, Italy, and the United Kingdom.
In 1952, Mr. Starr began to focus on the American market by acquiring Globe & Rutgers Fire Insurance Company and its subsidiary, American Home Fire Assurance Company.
By the end of the decade, C.V. Starr's general and life insurance organization included an extensive network of agents and offices in over 75 countries.
Using brokers, AIU could price insurance according to its potential return even if it suffered decreased sales of certain products for great lengths of time with very little extra expense.
In 1967, American International Group, Inc. (AIG) was incorporated as a unifying umbrella organization for most of C.V. Starr's general and life insurance businesses.
The 1970s presented many challenges for AIG as operations in the Middle East and Southeast Asia were curtailed or ceased altogether due to the changing political landscape.
However, AIG continued to expand its markets by introducing specialized energy, transportation, and shipping products to serve the needs of niche industries.
During the 1980s, AIG continued expanding its market distribution and worldwide network by offering a wide range of specialized products, including pollution liability and political risk.
Throughout the 1990s, AIG developed new sources of income through diverse investments, including the acquisition of International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC), a provider of leased aircraft to the airline industry.
The early 2000s saw a marked period of growth as AIG acquired American General Corporation, a leading domestic life insurance and annuities provider, and AIG entered new markets including India.
AIG was an investor in Blackstone from 1998 to March 2012, when it sold all of its shares in the company.
In November 2004, AIG reached a US$126 million settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Justice Department partly resolving a number of regulatory matters, but the company must still cooperate with investigators continuing to probe the sale of a non-traditional insurance product.
In 2005, AIG became embroiled in a series of fraud investigations conducted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, U.S. Justice Department, and New York State Attorney General's Office.
The New York Attorney General's investigation led to a $1.6 billion fine for AIG and criminal charges for some of its executives.
On May 1, 2005, investigations conducted by outside counsel at the request of AIG's Audit Committee and the consultation with AIG's independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP resulted in AIG's decision to restate its financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000, the quarters ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2004 and 2003 and the quarter ended December 31, 2003.
On November 9, 2005, the company was said to have delayed its third-quarter earnings report because it had to restate earlier financial results, to correct accounting errors.
When losses hit the mortgage market in 2007-2008, AIG had to pay out insurance claims and also replace the losses in its collateral accounts.
AIG purchased the remaining 39% that it did not own of online auto insurance specialist 21st Century Insurance in 2007 for $749 million.
With the failure of the parent company and the continuing recession in late 2008, AIG rebranded its insurance unit to 21st Century Insurance.
On June 11, 2008, three stockholders, collectively owning 4% of the outstanding stock of AIG, delivered a letter to the Board of Directors of AIG seeking to oust CEO Martin Sullivan and make certain other management and Board of Directors changes.
On June 15, 2008, after disclosure of financial losses and subsequent to a falling stock price, Sullivan resigned and was replaced by Robert B. Willumstad, Chairman of the AIG Board of Directors since 2006.
AIG's board of directors named Bob Benmosche CEO on August 3, 2009, to replace Liddy, who earlier in the year announced his retirement.
In late 2008, the federal government bailed out AIG for $180 billion, and technically assumed control, because many believed its failure would endanger the financial integrity of other major firms that were its trading partners--Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Bank of America and Merrill Lynch, as well as dozens of European banks.
In January 2011, the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission issued one of many critical governmental reports, deciding that AIG failed and was rescued by the government primarily because its enormous sales of credit default swaps were made without putting up the initial collateral, setting aside capital reserves, or hedging its exposure, which one analyst considered a profound failure in corporate governance, particularly its risk management practices.
Other analysts believed AIG's failure was possible because of the sweeping deregulation of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including credit default swaps, which effectively eliminated federal and state regulation of these products, including capital and margin requirements that would have lessened the likelihood of AIG's failure.
The company is much larger and complex than Lehman Brothers and its assets hitting the market all at once would likely cause worldwide chaos and send values plummeting.
AIG had sold credit protection through its London unit in the form of credit default swaps (CDSs) on collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) but by 2008, they had declined in value.
AIG's Financial Products division, headed by Joseph Cassano in London, had entered into credit default swaps to insure $441 billion worth of securities originally rated AAA.
As a result, AIG's credit rating was downgraded and it was required to post additional collateral with its trading counter-parties, leading to a liquidity crisis that began on September 16, 2008, and essentially bankrupted all of AIG.
The New York United States Federal Reserve Bank (led by Timothy Geithner who would later become Treasury secretary) stepped in, announcing creation of a secured credit facility, initially of up to US$85 billion to prevent the company's collapse, enabling AIG to deliver additional collateral to its credit default swap trading partners.
The credit facility was secured by the stock in AIG-owned subsidiaries in the form of warrants for a 79.9% equity stake in the company and the right to suspend dividends to previously issued common and preferred stock.
The AIG board accepted the terms of the Federal Reserve rescue package that same day, making it the largest government bailout of a private company in U.S. history.
Both Democratic and Republican politicians reacted with similar outrage to the planned bonuses, as did political commentators and journalists in the AIG bonus payments controversy.
AIG began selling some assets to pay off its government loans in September 2008 despite a global decline in the valuation of insurance businesses, and the weakening financial condition of potential bidders.
In December 2009, AIG formed international life insurance subsidiaries, American International Assurance Company, Limited (AIA) and American Life Insurance Company (ALICO) which were transferred to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to reduce its debt by US$25 billion.
AIG then sold its American Life Insurance Co. (ALICO) to MetLife Inc. for $15.5 billion in cash and MetLife stock in March 2010.
Bloomberg L.P. reported on March 29, 2010, that after almost three months of delays, AIG had completed the $500 million sale of a portion of its asset management business, branded PineBridge Investments, to the Asia-based Pacific Century Group.
In September AIG sold AIG Starr and AIG Edison, two of its Japan-based companies, to Prudential Financial for $4.2 billion in cash and $600 million in assumption of third party AIG debt by Prudential.
AIG sold its Taiwanese life insurance company Nan Shan Life to a consortium of buyers for $2.16 billion in January 2011.
Nine years after the initial bailout, in 2017, the U.S. Financial Stability Oversight Council removed AIG from its list of too-big-to-fail institutions.
The United States Department of the Treasury announced an offering of 188.5 million shares of AIG for a total of $5.8 billion on May 7, 2012.
The next week, on September 14, 2012, the Department of Treasury completed its fifth sale of AIG common stock, with proceeds of approximately $20.7 billion, reducing the Treasury's ownership stake in AIG to approximately 15.9 percent from 53 percent.
Government commitments were fully recovered, and Treasury and the FRBNY to date had received a combined positive return of approximately $15.1 billion.
On October 12, 2012, AIG announced a five and a half year agreement to sponsor six New Zealand-based rugby teams, including world champion All Blacks.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury in December 2012 published an itemized list of the loans, stock purchases, special purpose vehicles (SPVs) and other investments engaged in with AIG, the amount AIG paid back and the positive return on the loans and investments to the government.
The Treasury said that it and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York provided a total $182.3 billion to AIG, which paid back a total $205 billion, for a total positive return, or profit, to the government of $22.7 billion.
On December 14, 2012, the Treasury Department sold the last of its AIG stock in its sixth stock sale for a total of approximately $7.6 billion.
In total, the Treasury Department realized a gain of more than $22 billion from the sale of AIG common stock and $0.9 billion from the sale of AIG preferred stock.
The same month, Robert Benmosche announced that he would be stepping down from his position as President and CEO due to his advancing lung cancer.
In June 2015, Taiwan's Nan Shan Life Insurance acquired a stake in AIG's subsidiary in Taiwan for a fee of $158 million.
AIG announced plans for an initial public offering of 19.9 percent of United Guaranty Corp., a Greensboro, North Carolina-based provider of mortgage insurance for lenders in January 2016.
Later that year, Icahn won a seat on the board of directors and continued to pressure the company to split up its major divisions.
AIG also began a joint venture with Hamilton Insurance Group and Two Sigma Investments to serve the insurance needs of small- to medium-sized enterprises.
Industry veteran Brian Duperreault became the chairman of the new entity, and Richard Friesenhahn, the executive vice president of U.S. casualty lines at AIG, became CEO.
In August 2016, AIG sold off United Guaranty, its mortgage-guarantee unit, to Arch Capital Group, a Bermuda-based insurer, for $3.4 billion.
That September, the company reorganized into three segments, comprising a general insurance unit, a life and retirement unit, and a stand-alone technology-focused unit called Blackboard Insurance, led by Seraina Macia.
In Australia and China, AIG is identified as a large financial institution and provider of financial services including credit security mechanisms.
SunAmerica, life-insurance and retirement-services division, was renamed AIG Life and Retirement, other existing brands continue to be used in certain geographies and market segments.
Hank Greenberg, with lead lawyer David Boies, independently sued the U.S. Government for money damages in the United States Court of Federal Claims in 2011.
After hearing thirty-seven days of testimony from Ben Bernanke, Timothy Geithner, Hank Paulson and others, Judge Thomas C. Wheeler ruled that the Federal Reserve payment to AIG had been an illegal exaction, as the Federal Reserve Act did not authorize the New York Fed to nationalize a corporation by owning its stock.
Greenberg and the U.S. Government appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which ruled that Greenberg had no legal right to challenge the bailout because that right belonged to AIG, which in this case, chose not to sue.
AIG filed suit against the New York Federal Reserve in January 2013 in order to maintain the former's right to sue Bank of America and other issuers of bad mortgage debt.
The specific issue was whether the New York Federal Reserve transferred $18 billion in litigation claims on troubled mortgage debt through Maiden Lane Transactions, entities created by the Fed in 2008.
On May 7, 2013, Los Angeles U.S. District Judge, Mariana Pfaelzer, ruled in a case between AIG and Bank of America concerning possible misrepresentations by Merrill Lynch and Countrywide as to the quality of the mortgage portfolio, that $7.3 billion of the disputed claims had not been assigned.
The two parties settled in July 2014, with Bank of America paying out $650 million to AIG, who in turn dismissed their litigation.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar stops is (although the symbol can be used to distinguish the dental stop, and the postalveolar), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is codice_1.
Bukoba is a city situated in the north west of The United Republic of Tanzania on the south western shores of Lake Victoria.
The city is served by Bukoba Airport and regular ferry connections to and from Mwanza, as well as roads linking to Uganda's Rakai District for the cross border car commuters with plans underway for a standard gauge railway construction to fulfil the high ambitions of Uganda.
Bukoba city is situated at the South Western shores of Lake Victoria in the north western region of The United Republic Of Tanzania.
It can sometimes get cool especially in the evenings during the two rainy seasons, but never as cold as the winter season in Europe.
The town has a bus stand, a big airport and a port with a ferry that used to travel from Bukoba via Kemondo bay port to Mwanza on Monday, Wednesday and Friday nights, but was suspended in 2014 when the ferry broke down irreparably.
In 2010 the airport was being extended as more flights were expected in line with capacity growth milestones of The Air Terminal reviewed after published reports every quarter of the year.
Bus Station leaves for Kampala at 7 am every day (about 6 hours) and from Kampala for Bukoba at 11 am every day.
The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River as far as the Stanovoy Range and kept the area between the Argun River and Lake Baikal.
The signatories were Songgotu on behalf of the Kangxi Emperor and Fyodor Golovin on behalf of the Russian tsars Peter I and Ivan V.
There was no official Chinese text for another two centuries, but the border markers were inscribed in Chinese along with Manchu, Russian and Latin.
Later, in 1727, the Treaty of Kiakhta fixed what is now the border of Mongolia west of the Argun and opened up the caravan trade.
In 1858 (Treaty of Aigun) Russia annexed the land north of the Amur and in 1860 (Treaty of Beijing) took the coast down to Vladivostok.
From about 1640, Russians entered the Amur basin from the north, into land claimed by the Manchus who at this time were just beginning their conquest of China.
The Manchus had, by the 1680s, completed the conquest of China and eliminated the last Ming successor states in the south.
With the Manchu Qing dynasty now firmly in control of the South, it was in a position to deal with what they saw as Russian encroachment in Manchuria, the dynasty's ancient homeland.
After their first victory at Albazin in 1685, the Qing government sent two letters to the Tsar (in Latin) suggesting peace and demanding that Russian freebooters leave the Amur.
The Russian government, knowing that the Amur could not be defended and being more concerned with events in the west, sent Fyodor Golovin east as plenipotentiary.
Golovin left Moscow in January 1686 with 500 streltsy and reached Selenginsk near Lake Baikal in October 1687, from whence he sent couriers ahead.
At this point the Oirats (western Mongols) under Galdan attacked the eastern Mongols in the area between Selenginsk and Peking and negotiations had to be delayed.
The language used was Latin, the translators being, for the Russians, a Pole named Andrei Bielobocki and for the Chinese the Jesuits Jean-Francois Gerbillon and Thomas Pereira.
To avoid problems of precedence, tents were erected side by side so that neither side would be seen as visiting the other.
Russian acceptance of the treaty required a relaxation of what had been, in Ming (the former dynasty) times, an iron rule of Chinese diplomacy, requiring the non-Chinese party to accept language which characterized the foreigner as an inferior or tributary.
The conspicuous absence of such linguistic gamesmanship from the Treaty of Nerchinsk, together with the equally conspicuous absence of Chinese language or personnel, suggests that the Kangxi emperor was using the Manchu language as a deliberate end-run around his more conservative Han bureaucracy.
The Yuan Empire's rule of Mongol tribes living around Lake Baikal was claimed by the Qing, who incited the defection of the Nerchinsk Onggut and Buryat Mongols away from the Russians.
the reigning Qing (Manchu) dynasty emperor of China) also wished to settle with Russia in order to free his hands to deal with the Dzungar Mongols of Central Asia, to his northwest.
The Russians, for their part, knew that the Amur was indefensible and were more interested in establishing profitable trade, which the Kangxi Emperor had threatened to block unless the border dispute were resolved.
Golovin accepted the loss of the Amur in exchange for possession of Trans-Baikalia and access to Chinese markets for Russian traders.
The Russians were also concerned with the military strength of the Manchus, who had demonstrated their capability, in 1685 and 1686, by twice overrunning the Russian outpost at Albazin.
The Crimean Tatars were defeating the Russians and the Qing's enemies, the Dzungars under Galdan, were seizing Mongolia, so both the Russians and Qing were eager to end the conflict.
Profitable trade fell off in the 1720s because the policies of Peter I limited private initiative and ended Siberia's role as a major economic link between the West and East.
He mapped the Shilka, which was partly in Chinese territory, but was turned back when he reached its confluence with the Argun.
In 1799, when Adam Johann von Krusenstern visited Canton he saw an English ship that had brought furs from Russian America in five months as opposed to the two years or more for the Okhotsk–Yakutsk–Kyakhta route.
Only when he returned to Kronstadt did he learn that his presence in Canton had provoked an edict making clear that Russian trade with the Middle Kingdom would be confined to Kyakhta.
This group is usually derived from the compound tosyl chloride, CHCHSOCl (abbreviated TsCl), which forms esters and amides of toluenesulfonic acid.
In this reaction, the lone pair of the alcohol oxygen attacks the sulfur of the tosyl chloride, displacing the chloride and forming the tosylate with retention of reactant stereochemistry.
It is the transformation of alkyl alcohols to alkyl tosylates that allows an S2 reaction to occur in the presence of a good nucleophile.
The use of these functional groups is exemplified in organic synthesis of the drug tolterodine, wherein one of the steps a phenol group is protected as its tosylate and the primary alcohol as its nosylate.
Eligiusz Niewiadomski (December 1, 1869 in Warsaw – January 31, 1923 in Warsaw) was a Polish modernist painter and art critic who belonged to the right-wing National Democratic Party till 1904 and later continued supporting it.
After graduating from a local trade school in 1888, Niewiadomski moved to St. Petersburg, where he continued his studies at the Imperial Academy of Arts.
After his return to Warsaw, he became a student of Wojciech Gerson, one of the best-known Polish artists of the age.
He also collaborated with a number of Warsaw-based magazines and newspapers as a journalist and art critic, which gave him considerable notoriety, mostly among the artists themselves.
Though released after several months in the Pawiak Prison, he lost his job at the Warsaw Polytechnic and fell into an impoverished state.
During the Russo-Japanese War he promoted the idea of perpetrating anti-Russian sabotage, for which he was excluded from the National League.
After the outbreak of World War I he remained in Warsaw, where he published brochures and manifestos describing his views on the role of art.
On March 1, 1918, he was appointed director of painting and sculpture at the Regency Council's Ministry of Culture, a post that had previously been turned down by numerous artists.
During the last months of the war, he finally managed to convince his superiors to transfer him to front-line service and fought in the 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment.
However, on November 8, 1921, after Antoni Ponikowski's government refused to grant Niewiadomski's department a higher budget, he resigned his post.
He then devoted himself to writing and prepared several monographs on 19th- and 20th-century Polish painting, and on the theory of art.
Arrested on December 30, he demanded a death penalty for himself, and was sentenced to death by firing squad, and the sentence was carried out at the Warsaw Citadel on January 31, 1923.
From the inauguration of dynastic rule by Yu the Great in circa 2070 BCE to the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor on February 12, 1912 in the wake of the Xinhai Revolution, China was ruled by a series of successive dynasties.
Some scholars have attempted to explain this phenomenon by attributing the success and failure of dynasties to the morality of the rulers, while others have focused on the tangible aspects of monarchical rule.
The supersession of the Liao dynasty by the Jin dynasty was achieved following a series of successful military campaigns, as was the later unification of China under the Yuan dynasty; on the other hand, the transition from the Eastern Han to the Cao Wei, as well as from the Southern Qi to the Liang dynasty, were cases of usurpation.
Oftentimes, usurpers would seek to portray his/her predecessor as having relinquished the throne willingly as a means to legitimize his/her rule.
For example, 1644 CE is frequently cited as the year in which the Qing dynasty succeeded the Ming dynasty in possessing the Mandate of Heaven.
However, the Qing dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 CE by the Emperor Taizong of Qing through renaming the Later Jin established by his father the Emperor Taizu of Qing in 1616 CE, while the Ming imperial family would rule the Southern Ming until 1662 CE.
Meanwhile, other factions also fought for control over China during the Ming–Qing transition, most notably the Shun and Xi dynasties proclaimed by Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong respectively.
This change of ruling houses was a convoluted and prolonged affair, and the Qing took almost two decades to extend their rule over the entirety of China proper.
Similarly, during the earlier Sui–Tang transition, numerous regimes established by rebel forces vied for control and legitimacy as the power of the ruling Sui dynasty weakened.
However, the attempt by the Republicans to draft the history of the Qing was disrupted by the Chinese Civil War, which resulted in the political division of China into the People's Republic of China on mainland China and the Republic of China on Taiwan.
Examples of such division include the Three Kingdoms, Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern and Southern dynasties, and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periods, among others.
Relations between Chinese dynasties during periods of division often revolved around political legitimacy, which was derived from the doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven.
Dynasties ruled by ethnic Han Chinese would proclaim rival dynasties founded by other ethnicities as illegitimate, usually justified based on the concept of Hua–Yi distinction.
On the other hand, many dynasties of non-Han Chinese origin regarded themselves as the legitimate dynasty of China and saw themselves as the true inheritor of Chinese culture and history.
While periods of disunity often result in heated debates among officials and historians over which dynasty could and should be considered orthodox, the Northern Song statesman Ouyang Xiu propounded that such orthodoxy existed in a state of limbo during fragmented periods and was restored after political unification was achieved.
From this perspective, the Song dynasty possessed legitimacy by virtue of its ability to end the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period despite not having succeeded the orthodoxy from the Later Zhou.
Similarly, Ouyang considered the concept of orthodoxy to be in oblivion during the Three Kingdoms, Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern dynasties periods.
As most Chinese historiographical sources uphold the idea of unilineal dynastic succession, only one dynasty could be considered orthodox at any given time.
These historical legitimacy disputes are similar to the modern competing claims of legitimacy by the People's Republic of China based in Beijing and the Republic of China based in Taipei.
Both regimes formally adhere to the One-China policy and claim to be the sole legitimate representative of the whole of China.
The Central Plain is a vast area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization.
Historians typically consider the following dynasties to have unified this region: the Qin dynasty, the Western Han, the Xin dynasty, the Eastern Han, the Western Jin, the Sui dynasty, the Tang dynasty, the Wu Zhou, the Northern Song, the Yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, and the Qing dynasty.
The status of the Northern Song as a unified dynasty is disputed among historians, as the contemporaneous Liao dynasty occupied the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun while the Western Xia exercised control over Hetao; the Northern Song, in this sense, did not truly achieve the unification of China proper.
This concept is a source of controversy among scholars who believe that Chinese history should be analyzed and understood from a multiethnic and multicultural perspective.
During the rule of a dynasty, its functioned as the formal name of the state, both internally and for diplomatic purposes.
It was also common for officials, subjects, or vassal states of a particular dynasty to include the term (or an equivalent term in other languages) when referring to this dynasty as a form of respect, even if the official name of the dynasty did not include it.
When more than one dynasty shared the same Chinese character(s) as their formal name, as was common in Chinese history, prefixes are retroactively applied to dynastic names by historians in order to distinguish between these similarly-named regimes.
A dynasty could be referred to by more than one retroactive name in Chinese historiography, albeit some are more widely used than others.
In such cases, the regime had collapsed, only to be re-established; a distinction between the original regime and the new regime is thus necessary for historiographical purpose.
Major exceptions to this historiographical practice include the Western Qin and the Tang dynasty, which were interrupted by the Later Qin and the Wu Zhou respectively.
A common problem is to find a good notion of a measure on a topological space that is compatible with the topology in some sense.
Another approach to measure theory is to restrict to locally compact Hausdorff spaces, and only consider the measures that correspond to positive linear functionals on the space of continuous functions with compact support (some authors use this as the definition of a Radon measure).
If there is no restriction to non-negative measures and complex measures are allowed, then Radon measures can be defined as the continuous dual space on the space of continuous functions with compact support.
Furthermore, an arbitrary Radon measure can be decomposed into four positive Radon measures, where the real and imaginary parts of the functional are each the differences of two positive Radon measures.
The theory of Radon measures has most of the good properties of the usual theory for locally compact spaces, but applies to all Hausdorff topological spaces.
The idea of the definition of a Radon measure is to find some properties that characterize the measures on locally compact spaces corresponding to positive functionals, and use these properties as the definition of a Radon measure on an arbitrary Hausdorff space.
When the underlying measure space is a locally compact topological space, the definition of a Radon measure can be expressed in terms of continuous linear functionals on the space of continuous functions with compact support.
This makes it possible to develop measure and integration in terms of functional analysis, an approach taken by and a number of other authors.
But as a union of topological spaces is a special case of a direct limit of topological spaces, the space formula_2 can be equipped with the direct limit locally convex topology induced by the spaces formula_3; this topology is finer than the topology of uniform convergence.
Some authors use the preceding approach to define (positive) Radon measures to be the positive linear forms on formula_2; see , or .
To complete the buildup of measure theory for locally compact spaces from the functional-analytic viewpoint, it is necessary to extend measure (integral) from compactly supported continuous functions.
A topological space is called a Radon space if every finite Borel measure is a Radon measure, and strongly Radon if every locally finite Borel measure is a Radon measure.
On a locally compact Hausdorff space, Radon measures correspond to positive linear functionals on the space of continuous functions with compact support.
For his work, Hoshi has been awarded the voice acting award in the Anime Grand Prix in both 2005 and 2006.
Sneakernet is an informal term for the transfer of electronic information by physically moving media such as magnetic tape, floppy disks, optical discs, USB flash drives or external hard drives between computers, rather than transmitting it over a computer network.
This form of data transfer is also used for peer-to-peer (or friend-to-friend) file sharing and has grown in popularity in metropolitan areas and college communities.
The ease of this system has been facilitated by the availability of USB external hard drives, USB flash drives and portable music players.
In fact, when mailing media with sufficiently high data density such as high capacity hard drives, the throughput (data transferred per unit of time) as well as the cost per unit of data transferred may compete favorably with networked methods of data transfer.
Latency would include the time it takes to write the storage media and the time to travel from point A to point B.
Over the Internet, the latency for the file request may be milliseconds—Alice starts receiving the information nearly immediately—but at a modest broadband download speed of 50 kB/s it may take up to a day to complete the transfer.
The latency was an hour, but the throughput of the transfer is roughly equal to a transfer rate of 1305 kB/s.
If an Airbus A380 were filled with microSD cards each holding 512 gigabytes of storage capacity, the theoretical total storage space onboard would be approximately 91 exabytes.
A 4h47m flight from New York to Los Angeles would work out to a data transport rate of well over 5 petabytes per second, although this does not account for the time required to write to and read from the cards, which would almost certainly be much longer than the duration of the flight.
If a tape of this capacity were sent by overnight mail and were to arrive around 20 hours after it was sent, the effective data rate would be 664 Mbit/s.
With networking technology, this magnitude of speed over this distance would be very difficult to attain without a costly dedicated connection as one would likely need to use several hops and have a connection that is not oversubscribed.
For example, a file or collection of files may be encrypted and sent over the Internet while the encryption key is printed and hand delivered or mailed.
Another way sneakernets are used together with network transfers is to provide an initial full backup as a base for incremental backups.
In the case of a large (several terabyte) dataset that grows by just a few megabytes a day, the initial seeding of the data to be backed up would require an excessively long time upload over a network.
One solution is to make a local copy of the data which is then physically relocated to the remote location and topped up with daily incremental backups over a network.
When Australia joined Usenet in 1983, it received articles via tapes sent from the United States to the University of Sydney, which disseminated data to dozens of other computers on the country's Unix network.
The May 2011 raid of Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan revealed that he used a series of USB thumb drives to store his email drafts.
A courier of his would then take the saved emails to a nearby Internet cafe and send them out to the desired recipients.
In September 2009, Durban company Unlimited IT reportedly pitted a messenger pigeon against South African ISP Telkom to transfer 4 GB of data from Howick to Durban.
The pigeon, carrying the data on a memory stick, arrived in one hour eight minutes, with the data taking another hour to read from the memory stick.
The experiment had the team transfer a 700 MB file via three delivery methods to determine which was the fastest; A carrier pigeon with a microSD card, a car carrying a USB Stick, or a Telstra ADSL line.
The pigeon won the race with a time of approximately 1 hour 5 minutes, the car came in second at 2 hours 10 minutes, while the internet transfer did not finish, having dropped out a second time and not coming back.
Google has used a sneakernet to transport large datasets, such as the 120 TB of data from the Hubble Space Telescope.
The SETI@home project uses a sneakernet to overcome bandwidth limitations: data recorded by the radio telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico is stored on magnetic tapes which are then shipped to Berkeley, California for processing.
Wizzy Digital Courier provided Internet access to schools in South Africa with poor or no network connectivity by implementing UUCP on USB memory sticks.
Data analytics teams in the financial services sector often use sneakernets to transfer sensitive corporate information and information obtained from data mining, such as ledger entries, customer data and financial statistics.
Very Long Baseline Interferometry performed using the Very Long Baseline Array ships hard drives to a data reduction site in Socorro, New Mexico.
The Rigsum Sherig Collection project uses a sneakernet to distribute offline educational resources, including Kiwix and Khan Academy on a Stick, to hundreds of schools and other educational institutional in the Kingdom of Bhutan.
The sneakernet, facilitated by teachers, distributes about 25 GB of free, open-source educational software to the schools, often using external hard disks.
North Korean dissidents have been known to smuggle flash drives filled with western movies and television shows, largely in an effort to inspire a cultural revolution.
El Paquete Semanal is a roughly 1TB compilation of media, distributed weekly throughout Cuba via portable hard drives and USB memory sticks.
In 2015 Amazon Web Services launched AWS Snowball, a , 50 TB device for transporting data to the AWS cloud; and in 2016 AWS Snowmobile, a truck to transport up to 100 PB of data in one load.
In 2017, the data of the first black hole image was recorded by the Event Horizon Telescope and had to be flown on hundreds of hard drives for processing.
Each of the Event Horizon Telescope's Mark6 recorder receives digital data at a rate of 16 Gigabits/sec distributes it among a total of 32 hard disk drives grouped into 4 modules of 8 disks each.
That data is then stored on from 1,000 to 2,000 of helium-filled 8TB hard drives, which amounts to about 7 petabytes (PB) of data.
Petabytes of raw data from the telescopes were combined by highly specialised supercomputers hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy and MIT Haystack Observatory.
Although the station wagon transporting magnetic tapes is generally considered the canonical version, variants using trucks or Boeing 747s or C-5s and later storage technologies such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, Blu-Rays, or SD Cards have frequently appeared.
It has also been defined as any type of conduct that violates the basic rights of another person and any behaviour that is considered to be disruptive to others in society.
This can be carried out in various ways, which includes, but is not limited to, intentional aggression, as well as covert and overt hostility.
However, researchers have stated that it is a difficult term to define, particularly in the United Kingdom where there are an infinite number of acts that fall into its category.
For example, David Farrington, a British criminologist and forensic psychologist, stated that teenagers can exhibit anti-social behaviour by engaging in various amounts of wrongdoings such as stealing, vandalism, sexual promiscuity, excessive smoking, heavy drinking, confrontations with parents, and gambling.
Alongside these issues one can be predisposed or more inclined to develop such behaviour due to one's genetics, neurobiological and environmental stressors in the prenatal stage of one's life, through the early childhood years.
Genetic factors include abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of the brain while neurobiological risk include maternal drug use during pregnancy, birth complications, low birth weight, prenatal brain damage, traumatic head injury, and chronic illness.
A pattern of persistent anti-social behaviours can also be present in children and adolescents diagnosed with conduct problems, including conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder under the DSM-5.
It has been suggested that individuals with intellectual disabilities have higher tendencies to display anti-social behaviours, but this may be related to social deprivation and mental health problems.
Infants may act in seemingly anti-social ways and yet be generally accepted as too young to know the difference before the age of 4 or 5.
Studies have shown that in children between ages 13–14 who bully or show aggressive behaviour towards others exhibit anti-social behaviours in their early adulthood.
Analyses saw that 20% of these children who exhibit anti-social behaviours at later ages had court appearances and police contact as a result of their behaviour.
Some reviews have found strong correlations between aggression and the viewing of violent media, while others find little evidence to support their case.
The only unanimously accepted truth regarding anti-social behaviour is that parental guidance carries an undoubtedly strong influence; providing children with brief negative evaluations of violent characters helps to reduce violent effects in the individual.
Some other familial causes are parent history of anti-social behaviours, parental alcohol and drug abuse, unstable home life, absence of good parenting, physical abuse, parental instability (mental health issues/PTSD) and economic distress within the family.
The risk of early adulthood criminal conviction increased by nearly 30 percent with each hour children spent watching TV on an average weekend.
Peers can also impact one's predisposition to anti-social behaviours, in particular, children in peer groups are more likely to associate with anti-social behaviours if present within their peer group.
Early detection is best in the preschool years and middle school years in best hopes of interrupting the trajectory of these negative patterns.
Moreover, these offences can lead to oppositional defiant disorder, which allows children to be defiant against adults and create vindictive behaviours and patterns.
A recent genome-wide analysis of anti-social behaviour in a large combined sample has shown that a large number of genetic variants of low individual effect play a role in anti-social behaviour.
Moreover, this study showed that several variants show gender-specific effects on anti-social behaviour in males and females.The study identified a specific gene which is one serotonin transporter gene variant is particularly associated with psychopathic trends in young people.
As a high prevalence mental health problem in children, many interventions and treatments are developed to prevent anti-social behaviours and to help reinforce pro-social behaviours.
As for parents or caregivers, their personality traits, behaviours, socioeconomic status, social network, and living environment can also affect children's development of anti-social behaviour.
The specific kinds of anti-social behaviours exhibited, as well as the magnitude of those behaviours also impact how effective a treatment is for an individual.
Behavioural parent training (BPT) is more effective to preschool or elementary school-aged children, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has higher effectiveness for adolescents.
The collaboration amongst parents, teachers, and school psychologists are usually recommended to help children develop the ability of resolving conflicts, managing their anger, developing positive interactions with other students, and learning pro-social behaviours within both home and school settings.
Their children would be more likely to learn positive social behaviours and reduce inappropriate behaviours if they become good role models and have effective parenting skills.
This type of treatment focuses on enabling the patients to create an accurate image of the self, allowing the individuals to find the trigger of their harmful actions and changing how individuals think and act in social situations.
Due to their impulsivity, their inability to form trusting relationships and their nature of blaming others when a situation arises, individuals with particularly aggressive anti-social behaviours tend to have maladaptive social cognitions, including hostile attribution bias, which lead to negative behavioural outcomes.
Problem-solving skills training (PSST) is a type of CBT that aims to recognize and correct how an individual thinks and consequently behaves in social environments.
This training provides steps to assist people in obtaining the skill to be able to evaluate potential solutions to problems occurring outside of therapy and learn how to create positive solutions to avoid physical aggression and resolve conflict.
Therapists, when providing CBT intervention to individuals with anti-social behaviour, should first assess the level of the risk of the behaviour in order to establish a plan on the duration and intensity of the intervention.
Moreover, therapists should support and motivate individuals to practice the new skills and behaviours in environments and contexts where the conflicts would naturally occur to observe the effects of CBT.
Behavioural parent training (BPT) or parent management training (PMT), focuses on changing how parents interact with their children and equips them with ways to recognize and change their child's maladaptive behaviour in a variety of situations.
BPT assumes that individuals are exposed to reinforcements and punishments daily and that anti-social behaviour, which can be learned, is a result of these reinforcements and punishments.
Since certain types of interactions between parents and children may reinforce a child's anti-social behaviour, the aim of BPT is to teach the parent effective skills to better manage and communicate with their child.
It is important to note that the effects of this therapy can be seen only if the newly acquired communication methods are maintained.
Researchers credit the effectiveness of this treatment at younger ages due to the fact that younger children are more reliant on their parents.
This type of therapy can help individuals with anti-social behaviour bridge the gap between their feelings and behaviours, which they lack the connection previously.
It is most effective when specific issues are being discussed with individuals with anti-social behaviours, rather than a broad general concept.
This type of therapy works well with individuals who are at a mild to moderate stage of anti-social behaviour since they still have some sense of responsibility regarding their own problems.
When working with individuals with anti-social behaviour, therapist must be mindful of building a trusting therapeutic relationship since these individuals might have never experienced rewarding relationships.
Therapists also need to be reminded that changes might take place slowly, thus an ability for noticing small changes and constant encouragement for individuals with anti-social behaviour to continue the intervention are required.
Family therapy, which is a type of psychotherapy, helps promote communication between family members, thus resolving conflicts related to anti-social behaviour.
Since family exerts enormous influence over children's development, it is important to identify the behaviours that could potentially lead to anti-social behaviours in children.
However, we can have a look at the official diagnosis for Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and use it as guideline while keeping in mind that anti-social behaviour and ASPD are not to be confused.
When looking at non-ASPD patients (who show anti-social behaviour) and ASPD patients, it all comes down to the same types of behaviours.
However, ASPD is a Personality Disorder which is defined by the consistency and stability of the observed behaviour, in this case, anti-social behaviour.
Antisocial Personality Disorder can only be diagnosed when a pattern of anti-social behaviour began being noticeable during childhood and/or early teens and remained stable and consistent across time and context.
For example, someone who exhibits anti-social behaviour with their family but pro-social behaviour with friends and coworkers would not qualify for ASPD because the behaviour is not consistent across context.
Someone who was consistently behaving in a pro-social way and then begins exhibiting anti-social behaviour in response to a specific life event would not qualify for ASPD either because the behaviour is not stable across time.
Law breaking behaviour in which the individuals are putting themselves or others at risk is considered anti-social even if it is not consistent or stable (Examples : speeding, use of drugs, getting in physical conflict).
Individuals who begin getting in trouble with the law (in more than one area) at an abnormally early age (around 15) and keep recurrently doing so in adulthood may be suspected of having ASPD.
The presence of anti-social behaviour may be detected when an individual is experiencing an abnormally high amount of frustrations in their daily life routine and when those frustrations always result into aggression.
Anti-social behaviour can also be detected if the aggressiveness and impulsiveness of the individual's behaviour in response to frustrations is so that it causes obstruction to social interactions and achievement of personal goals.
Studies have shown that children who are aggressive and have conduct problems are more likely to have anti-social behaviour in adolescence.
Moreover, since younger children would have smaller social networks and less social activities, fewer contexts need to be considered for the intervention and treatment.
The prognosis seems to not be influenced by the duration of intervention, however; a long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm that the intervention or treatment is effective.
This could make the prognosis worse since he or she would less likely be involved in social activities and would become more isolated.
An anti-social behaviour order (ASBO) is a civil order made against a person who has been shown, on the balance of evidence, to have engaged in anti-social behaviour.
The orders, introduced in the United Kingdom by Prime Minister Tony Blair in 1998, were designed to criminalize minor incidents that would not have warranted prosecution before.
Current legislation governing anti-social behaviour in the UK is the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 which received Royal Assent in March 2014 and came into enforcement in October 2014.
This replaces tools such as the ASBO with 6 streamlined tools designed to make it easier to act on anti-social behaviour.
The Western Australia Police force define anti-social behaviour as any behaviour that annoys, irritates, disturbs or interferes with a persons’ ability to go about their lawful business.
In Australia, many different acts are classed as anti-social behaviour such as, misuse of public space, disregard for community safety, disregard for personal well-being, acts directed at people, graffiti, protests, liquor offences and drunk driving.
A survey was conducted in 1996 in New South Wales, Australia, of 441, 234 secondary school students in years 7 to 12 about their involvement in anti-social activities.
38.6% reported intentionally damaging or destroying someone else's property, 22.8% admitted to having received or selling stolen goods and close to 40% confessed to attacking someone with the idea of hurting them.
The Australian community are encouraged to report any behaviour of concern and play a vital role assisting police in reducing anti-social behaviour.
The study established how many members felt that other people would often commit anti-social behaviours, however there was no explicit suggestion of any maliciousness behind these acts.
Hiram Blanchard (January 17, 1820 – December 17, 1874) was a Nova Scotia lawyer, politician, and the first Premier of the province of Nova Scotia.
Hiram Blanchard was born in West River, Nova Scotia on January 17, 1820 to father Jonathan Blanchard and mother Sarah Goggins.
After graduating, Blanchard began studying law at Guysborough, Nova Scotia with future Nova Scotia House of Assembly member William Frederick DesBarres and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at age 21 in November 1841.
Shortly after his admission to the bar, Blanchard opened up a law office in the small seaside village of Port Hood, Nova Scotia, practising in the law courts of Antigonish and Guysborough.
In a short time, Blanchard gained a reputation amongst those in the legal profession for his skill in examining witnesses and clear presentation of facts.
In 1860, Blanchard moved to Halifax and became engaged in a partnership with Jonathan McCully, then Solicitor General and railway commissioner in the government of Joseph Howe.
There, he argued against characters such as James MacDonald, the future federal Minister of Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia.
Blanchard rose above religious quarrels and managed to win in a Roman Catholic community, even though he was a Presbyterian himself.
In the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, Blanchard drew particular attention to the plight of the insane and the deaf, two disadvantaged groups in Nova Scotia at the time.
Although he supported the free schooling initiative of Premier Charles Tupper, Blanchard objected to the idea that schools should be governed by a council made up of members of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia.
Blanchard supported the idea of confederation, and after Nova Scotia became a part of Canada in 1867, he became attorney-general and leader of the Conservative Party government, as the position of leader of the government had been vacated by Charles Tupper following his run for federal politics.
In the September 1867 provincial election, the issue of Nova Scotia's entry to the confederation led to the government's demise in favour of William Annand's Anti-Confederation Party, and in the newly elected Assembly, only two members, Blanchard included, supported the idea of confederation.
In 1868, Blanchard's re-election to his constituency of Inverness was declared invalid as he had recently been appointed the legal advisor for the federal government in his province.
In the 1871 election, he was once again elected, serving as leader of the opposition until his death on December 17, 1874 at Halifax.
Its name roughly translates to castle where two rivers meet, as there are two rivers that run together to create the Erlauf.
These herbs lack true stems, but have pseudostems usually up to about 3 meters long which are composed of the overlapping leaf sheaths.
The flower corolla is a cylindrical tube with three lobes at the mouth, the middle lobe larger and hoodlike in some taxa.
There is one fertile stamen and two staminodes, which are often joined into a petal-like labellum, a structure that is inconspicuous in some species and quite showy in others.
Post oak is a relatively small tree, typically 10–15 m (33–50 ft) tall and trunk 30–60 cm (1–2 ft) in diameter, though occasional specimens reach 30 m (100 ft) tall and 140 cm (56 in or 4.7 ft) in diameter.
Because of its ability to grow in dry sites, attractive crown, and strong horizontal branches, it is used in urban forestry.
It is resistant to decay, so it is used for railroad ties, siding, planks, construction timbers, stair risers and treads, flooring, pulp, veneer, particle board, fuel, and its namesake fence posts.
It is used for wildlife food for deer, turkeys, squirrels, and other rodents, but because the nuts contain tannin, it is toxic to cattle.
A language is head-marking if the grammatical marks showing agreement between different words of a phrase tend to be placed on the heads (or nuclei) of phrases, rather than on the modifiers or dependents.
The concept of head/dependent-marking was proposed by Johanna Nichols in 1986 and has come to be widely used as a basic category in linguistic typology.
Heads and dependents are identified by the actual hierarchy of words, and the concepts of head-marking and dependent-marking are indicated with the arrows.
The distinction between head-marking and dependent-marking shows the most in noun phrases and verb phrases, which have significant variation among and within languages.
Still, languages that are head-marking in both noun and verb phrases are common enough to make the term useful for typological description.
Dependent-marked noun phrases have a complementary distribution and are frequent in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, and New Guinea, the only area where the two types overlap appreciably.
Double-marked possession is rare but found in languages around the Eurasian periphery such as Finnish, in the Himalayas, and along the Pacific Coast of North America.
In New Guinea, it clusters in the Eastern Highlands, in Australia in the south, east, and interior, with the very old Pama-Nyungan family.
Double-marking is moderately well attested in the Americas, Australia, and New Guinea, and the southern fringe of Eurasia (chiefly in the Caucasian languages and Himalayan mountain enclaves), and particularly favored in Australia and the westernmost Americas.
The zero-marked object is, unsurprisingly, common in Southeast Asia and Western Africa, two centers of morphological simplicity, but also very common in New Guinea and moderately common in Eastern Africa and Central America and South America, among languages of average or higher morphological complexity.
Kusunda has traces in the Himalayas and there are Caucasian enclaves, both perhaps remnants of typology preceding spreads of interior Eurasian language families.
Whether the diversity of types along the Pacific Coast reflects a great age or an overlay of more recent Eurasian colonizations on an earlier American stratum remains to be seen.
A dependent-marking language has grammatical markers of agreement and case government between the words of phrases that tend to appear more on dependents than on heads.
The distinction between head-marking and dependent-marking was first explored by Johanna Nichols in 1986, and has since become a central criterion in language typology in which languages are classified according to whether they are more head-marking or dependent-marking.
However, it is not clear that the head of a clause has anything to do with the head of a noun phrase, or even what the head of a clause is.
Plural nouns in English require the plural form of a dependent demonstrative determiner, and prepositions require the object form of a dependent personal pronoun.
Such instances of dependent-marking are a relatively rare occurrence in English, but dependent-marking occurs much more frequently in related languages, such as German.
Continuity of government (COG) is the principle of establishing defined procedures that allow a government to continue its essential operations in case of a catastrophic event such as nuclear war.
During and after the Cold War countries developed such plans to avoid (or minimize) confusion and disorder due to a power vacuum in the aftermath of a nuclear attack.
In the US at least, COG is no longer limited to nuclear emergencies; the Continuity of Operations Plan was activated following the September 11 attacks.
In 2016, the Privy Council Office made an agreement with the Department of National Defence to open two bunkers for government officials amid the ongoing North Korean nuclear crisis.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) once operated Underground Project 131, intended to be the PLA headquarters in Hubei during a nuclear conflict.
Built due to the Sino-Soviet split during that portion of the Cold War, in 1981, the Project 131 site was turned over to the civilian authorities of the prefecture-level city of Xianning, where it is located.
The K-116 facility under Zlíchov hill in western Prague was designated to house the Czechoslovak government in case of nuclear attack (together with the K-9 facility in Jihlava) and might still be used as the emergency headquarters of the Czech government and military.
The idea was to have half of the government and the royal family in one bunker, and the other half in the other, allowing continuity of government, even if one of the bunkers were destroyed or cut off.
Germany operated a government bunker (Regierungsbunker) to house the German government, parliament and all federal personnel needed to keep the government working in the event of war or severe crisis.
In Ireland, the National Security Committee (NSC) is the conduit for officials to communicate with the Taoiseach (Prime Minister) and/or cabinet members if the normal channel of communication with their minister became unavailable.
Drafts of emergency powers legislation have been drawn up in secret, including legislation to deal with circumstances such as an attack on cabinet involving numerous deaths.
During the period of the Cold War, it was envisaged that cabinet ministers, senior civil servants and military advisers would use an underground nuclear bunker at Custume Barracks in Athlone in the event of a nuclear exchange.
The bunker was equipped with a command and control centre with communications equipment – which had a hotline to the British government in Whitehall – a map room pointing out important areas for protection, kitchen, bedroom and bathroom facilities.
As of December 2003 an underground national crisis management center was being constructed at an undisclosed location in the Judaean Mountains under Jerusalem.
The government has plans to move Parliament and essential staff to Devonport Naval Base in Auckland if such an event occurs.
The bunker is meant to accommodate the Norwegian Royal Family and the government in case of a nuclear/military attack on the nation, and also function as a wartime headquarters.
One sprawling underground facility residing in tunnels cut into Mount Yamantau is likely to be related to the survival of Russia's government, given its size and decades long construction history, with a construction start during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–82).
KGB defector Colonel Oleg Gordievsky states that an organization, known as Directorate 15, was (or is) tasked with building and maintaining a network of hundreds of underground command bunkers for the Soviet leadership; this includes the vast site beneath Yamantau Mountain, which is often called Mezhgorye / Межго́рье after the closed city that is located nearby.
However, there is speculation, due to its proximity to Chelyabinsk-70, that Yamantau is a 400-square-mile underground complex which houses nuclear warheads, missiles, launch controls, and several nuclear weapons factories designed to continue production after a hypothetical nuclear war begins.
The second command and control center in the Urals, after Yamantau, is similarly speculated to be underground and located near, or under, Kosvinsky Kamen.
The site is believed to host the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces alternate command post, a post for the general staff built to compensate for the vulnerability of older Soviet era command posts in the Moscow region.
In spite of this, the primary command posts for the Strategic Rocket Forces remains Kuntsevo in Moscow and the secondary is the Kosvinsky Mountain in the Urals.
The facility at Kosvinsky, finished in early 1996, was designed to resist US earth-penetrating warheads and serves a similar role as the American Cheyenne Mountain Complex.
Further command centers, according to globalsecurity.org, include one near Chekhov, which is the Russian General Staff wartime command post, buried deep underground, and Sharapovo() about south of Moscow, built in the 1950s, Sharapovo is believed to have been the primary backup command center for the Soviet era leadership.
Both Chekhov and Sharapovo are each suggested to have the capability to accommodate about 30,000 individuals, As an alternative to Sharapovo, a secondary political leadership base is located at Chaadayevka, some 650 kilometers southeast of Moscow near the city of Penza.
Two destinations of this system are suggested to be the old KGB headquarters, now the FSB headquarters, at Lubyanka Square, and the second being regarded as an enormous underground leadership bunker adjacent to Moscow State University.
Despite official Russian state ambiguity, it is speculated that many of the Moscow bunkers are linked by an underground railway line.
The bunker is designed to accommodate two thirds of the government and between 8,000 and 12,000 civilians in the case of a military attack on Stockholm.
Sweden built over 65,000 fallout shelters in regular houses, and every county had at least one large hard-rock underground bunker that controlled a number of smaller bunkers that were located in the municipalities.
Service command centres are Northwood for the Royal Navy Trident SSBN force, and RAF High Wycombe for the Royal Air Force.
Continuity of the national government was first threatened in late 1776, when British forces advanced toward the Continental capital at Philadelphia.
When British forces burned Washington in 1814, Secretary of State James Monroe received only a few hours' notice to remove the government records.
Although his staff saved many valuable records, much was nonetheless destroyed, and the next administration encountered a great deal of confusion.
In 1952 President Truman ordered all federal offices to develop their own continuity plans for the event of a civil defense emergency.
Plans have been maintained and adapted since then, at times requiring the construction of secret facilities such as the emergency Congress facility in Greenbrier County, West Virginia.
Today the former city of Aigun is called Aigun Town a town and is part of Aigun District, which in its turn is part of the prefecture-level city of Heihe.
The predecessor of Aigun was a town of the indigenous Ducher people of the Amur Valley, located on the left (northeastern - now Russian) bank of the Amur River.
The site of this town, whose name was reported by the Russian explorer Yerofey Khabarov as Aytyun (Айтюн) in 1652, is currently known to archaeologists as the Grodekovo site (Гродековское городище), after the nearby village of Grodekovo.
It is thought to have been populated since around the end of the 1st or the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD.
Some sources report a Chinese presence on the middle Amur – a fort existed at Aigun for about 20 years during the Yongle era on the left (northwestern) shore of the Amur downstream from the mouth of the Zeya River.
This Ming Dynasty Aigun was located on the opposite bank to the later Aigun that was relocated during the Qing Dynasty.
The Ducher town was probably vacated when the Duchers were evacuated by the Manchu Chinese Qing Dynasty to the Sungari or Hurka in the mid-1650s.
After the capture of Albazin in 1685 or 1686, the Manchus relocated the town to a new site on the right (southwestern) bank of the Amur, about downstream from the original site.
For a number of years after 1683, Aigun served as the capital (the seat of the Military Governor) of Heilongjiang Province, until the capital was moved to Nenjiang (Mergen) in 1690, and later to Qiqihar.
1709 by the Jesuits Jean-Baptiste Régis, Pierre Jartoux, and Xavier Ehrenbert Fridelli, who found it a well-defended town, serving as the base of a Manchu river fleet controlling the Amur River region.
It was at Aigun in May 1858 that Nikolay Muravyov concluded the Aigun Treaty, according to which the left bank of the Amur River was conceded to Russia.
During the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, for a few weeks Aigun was the center of military action directed against the Russians.
On November15, 1980, Heihe City was created, and on June6, 1983, Aihui County was abolished and merged into the Heihe City.
According to Google Maps, there are a number of historical sites in today's Aihui Town (30 km south of downtown Heihe) related to the historical Aigun.
The Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange Program, also known by the acronym MATRIX, was a U.S. federally funded data mining system originally developed for the Florida Department of Law Enforcement described as a tool to identify terrorist subjects.
The Matrix program was shut down in June 2005 after federal funding was cut in the wake of public concerns over privacy and state surveillance.
Asher reportedly contacted Florida police immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks, claiming he could find the hijackers as well as other potential terrorists.
Asher reportedly offered to make available the database and technology that could do the job quickly, for free, supplied by the company he owned and operated: Seisint.
Control of the system was handed over to law enforcement officials, although Seisint continued to house and operate it on their behalf.
After a demonstration of the system at the White House in January 2003 Matrix received US$4 million in grants from the U.S. Justice Department and the program was earmarked US$8 million by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
The program snowballed, as states signed up to participate, including Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Ohio and Utah.
The program's similarity to the Total Information Awareness (TIA) federally funded initiative that was terminated following public concerns contributed to Matrix's demise.
Matrix came under scrutiny by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) which made Freedom of Information Act requests in Florida, where the program originated, and to the federal government on 30 October 2003.
The ACLU followed this up with simultaneous information requests in Connecticut, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania for information about those states' participation in Matrix.
The ACLU's requests sought to find out the information sources that Matrix was drawing upon, who had access to the database and how it is being used.
As well as the funding and operations described here, the ACLU's requests revealed that Matrix would perform an almost identical function to the banned TIA.
Matrix would bind together government and commercial databases to allow federal and state law enforcement entities to conduct detailed searches on individuals.
The Matrix program was finally shut down in June 2005 after federal funding was cut in the wake of public concerns over privacy and state surveillance.
The Matrix website stated that the data would include criminal histories, driver's license data, vehicle registration records, and public data record entries.
Other data was thought to include credit histories, driver's license photographs, marriage and divorce records, social security numbers, dates of birth, and the names and addresses of family members, neighbors and business associates.
The ACLU pointed out that the type of data that the Matrix compiles could be expanded to include information in commercial databases encompasses such as purchasing habits, magazine subscriptions, income and job histories.
Like the TIA, Matrix would use data mining where searches for patterns in this data (including the 'anomalies') would be used to identify individuals possibly involved in terrorist or other criminal activity.
Congressional critic Paula B. Dockery pointed out that like the TIA, this kind of 'data mining' may be ineffective, and have severe downsides, including its privacy costs.
Data from Matrix would be transferred through the Regional Information Sharing Systems network, an existing secure law enforcement network used to transmit sensitive information among law enforcement agencies.
The network was linked to High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas, United States Attorneys' Offices, other federal agencies and several state law enforcement systems.
In acidic media, the oxonium functional group produced by protonating an alcohol can be a leaving group in the E2 elimination reaction.
For example, triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate ()(), a white crystalline solid, can be used, for example, to produce ethyl esters when the conditions of traditional Fischer esterification are unsuitable.
Oxatriquinane does not react with boiling water or with alcohols, thiols, halide ions, or amines, although it does react with stronger nucleophiles such as hydroxide, cyanide, and azide.
Another class of oxonium ions encountered in organic chemistry is the oxocarbenium ions, obtained by protonation or alkylation of a carbonyl group e.g.
An unusually stable oxonium species is the gold complex tris[triphenylphosphinegold(I)]oxonium tetrafluoroborate, [(PhPAu)O][BF], where the intramolecular aurophilic interactions between the gold atoms are believed responsible for the stabilisation of the cation.
As shown in the example below, this was executed by a transannular halide abstraction strategy through the reaction of the oxonium ion precursor (an organic halide) with the silver salt of the Krossing's anion Ag[Al(pftb)]•CHCl, generating the desired oxonium ion with simultaneous precipitation of inorganic silver halides.
The resulting oxonium ions were characterized comprehensively by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at low temperature (–78 °C) with support from density functional theory computation.
These oxonium ions were also demonstrated to directly give rise to multiple related natural products by reacting with various nucleophiles, such as water, bromide, chloride and acetate.
She was encouraged into alpine skiing by her father, Halvor Heggtveit, a Canadian cross-country champion who qualified for the Winter Olympics in 1932, but did not compete.
She learned to ski at Camp Fortune ski area in the nearby Gatineau Hills of Quebec, northwest of Ottawa, and was a student at Lisgar Collegiate Institute in Ottawa.
Heggtveit was a ski racing prodigy, invited at age seven to serve as a forerunner to a downhill race at Lake Placid in 1946.
At the age of 15 in 1954, Heggtveit first gained international attention when she became the youngest winner ever of the Holmenkollen giant slalom event in Norway.
She also won the slalom and giant slalom at the United States national junior championships, and finished ninth in the downhill and seventh in the slalom at the World Championships in March at Åre, Sweden.
After leading the top half of the giant slalom, she fell twice near the finish was well back in 31st, which dropped her final placing in the combined to 14th.
Although Heggtveit suffered several injuries between 1955 and 1957, she still earned a spot on Canada's Olympic team at age 17 in 1956 at Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
At a time when Europeans dominated alpine skiing, Heggtveit was inspired by the breakthrough performance of teammate Lucile Wheeler of Quebec, who won Olympic bronze in the downhill in 1956, and three medals at the World Championships in 1958 at Bad Gastein, Austria.
Heggtveit finished in the top ten in three events, with an eighth in the slalom, seventh in the downhill, and sixth in the combined.
Her victory in the Olympic slalom also made her the first non-European to win the world championship in slalom and combined.
Her performance on the world stage was again recognized in 1976 when she was made a member of the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honor.
Heggtveit was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1960, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 1971, and was among the first group inducted into the new Canadian Ski Hall of Fame in 1982.
Heggtveit has a road named after her at the Blue Mountain Ski Resort in the Town of the Blue Mountains, west of Collingwood, Ontario.
She was in the first induction of the Lisgar Collegiate Institute Athletic Wall of Fame, as part of the 160th Anniversary celebrations.
Confederation Party was a term for the parties supporting Canadian confederation in the British colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the 1860s when politics became polarised between supporters and opponents of Confederation.
Sir John A. Macdonald was a huge promoter of Confederation and even made an alliance with his political rival, George Brown to make it happen.
This approximated the political dichotomy that existed prior to Confederation although, because of the realignment, some former Liberals became Conservatives and vice versa.
Jesselyn Radack (born December 12, 1970) is an American national security and human rights attorney known for her defense of whistleblowers, journalists, and hacktivists, including National Security Agency whistleblowers Edward Snowden and Thomas Drake, each of whom was charged under the Espionage Act of 1917.
She graduated from Brown University and Yale Law School and began her career as an Honors Program attorney at the U.S. Department of Justice.
She was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in her junior year and graduated in 1992 as a triple major in American civilization, women's studies, and political science, with honors in all three majors.
She was one of only two students to received honors from Brown in three concentrations between 1983 and spring of 2004.
Radack graduated from Yale Law School and, through the Attorney General's Honors Program, joined the Justice Department where she practiced constitutional tort litigation from 1995 to 1999.
On December 7, 2001, Radack received an inquiry from Justice Department counterterrorism prosecutor John DePue regarding the ethical propriety of interrogating Lindh in Afghanistan without a lawyer present.
The principle at issue was that a person represented by a lawyer cannot be contacted by agents of the Justice Department, including the FBI, without permission of that lawyer.
According to Radack, her advice was approved by Claudia Flynn, then head of PRAO, and Joan Goldfrank, a senior PRAO attorney.
On January 15, 2002, five weeks after the interrogation, Attorney General John Ashcroft announced that a criminal complaint was being filed against Lindh.
In early 2004 Radack indicated in an interview that she disagreed with Ashcroft's view but could see its logic, that Lindh had not himself chosen a lawyer, so he was not represented by one.
She was more troubled by the ethical issues, later citing the same ruling the government cites to support its legal position.
It covered December 27, 2001, to September 30, 2002, two months prior to the Lindh inquiry, and did not mention that case, but it criticized her legal judgment in issues related to the case and in other matters.
Radack, who had planned on being a career civil servant, soon found a new job in the private sector at the law firm Hawkins, Delafield & Wood, from which she was effectively fired in November 2002 for refusing to sign an affidavit saying she didn't leak the government emails, or resign.
On March 7, 2002, while Radack was still working at PRAO, the lead prosecutor in the Lindh case, Randy Bellows, messaged Radack that there was a court order for all of the Justice Department's internal correspondence about Lindh's interrogation.
She had written more than a dozen emails on the subject, and neither of the ones Bellows had received copies of reflected her fear that the FBI's actions had been unethical and that Lindh's confession, which was the basis for the criminal case, might have to be sealed.
Radack checked the hard-copy file and now claims the files had been tampered with to include only three of her emails, official records indicated that only those three emails had been received by the Lindh prosecutors but which emails DOJ supplied to the court and when cannot be determined as the court records were sealed.
With the assistance of technical support, Radack then recovered 14 email messages from her computer archives and gave them to Flynn with a cover memorandum.
Which emails the Department of Justice supplied to the court, and when, cannot be determined directly because the court placed them under seal.
The government responded that it had supplied the emails to the court in its initial response to the court order seeking them, i.e., on March 1, 2002.
The description of the 24 documents (probably including duplicates) provided to the court at that time matches Radack's emails, including the one that states interviewing Lindh is not authorized by law.
In June 2002 she heard a broadcast on NPR stating that the Department claimed they had never taken the position that Lindh was entitled to counsel during his interrogation.
Radack has said she did not turn the documents over to the court or prosecutors at the time she recovered them because she felt intimidated by Flynn, who had told her to drop the matter.
I couldn't go to a Member of Congress because, as a resident of the District of Columbia, I didn't have a voting representative.
Michael Chertoff, then head of the criminal division that was prosecuting Lindh, viewed her emails as only a preliminary step in developing a PRAO position.
Radack and some others believe her disclosure of the emails may have contributed to the plea agreement that led to a sentence of 20 years instead of possible multiple life sentences for Lindh.
On June 14, the day before the emails were disclosed, and June 17, the Lindh defense filed their arguments to suppress all the interviews conducted in Afghanistan, including the ones that Radack had advised might have to be suppressed.
The defense reasoning was different from Radack's; it did not assert that Lindh was represented by a lawyer at the time, which was the basis for Radack's advice in the emails.
No potential criminal charge was ever specified, but as leaking is not a crime, the most likely charge would have been theft of government property, as she had taken home copies of her emails before she resigned from the PRAO, and her PRAO supervisor later insinuated she was suspected of having removed other files that had gone missing.
Radack says an agent of the Department of Justice's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) told her new employer and coworkers that she was under criminal investigation and would steal client files.
A partner in the firm, which represented mainly government bond issuers, told her they could not be perceived to have an ex-government lawyer who broke confidence when she thought the client was wrong.
When she continued to refuse to sign a statement that she did not leak the emails, she was placed on paid and then unpaid leave.
When Radack was granted unemployment benefits, her now-former employer was assisted by the Justice Department, she says, in challenging the benefits on the grounds of her alleged misconduct and insubordination.
They could have been obtained by the firm from the phone company, since they were records of calls to and from their phones.
The firm also had records of calls Isikoff made to the Justice Department, which must have been supplied by the government, who knew because the calls were to them.
The Lindh court issued an order on November 6, 2002, concluding that Radack's disclosure did not violate any order of the Court, but this order was not made available to Radack until two years later.
On October 31, 2003, the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) sent letters to the bar associations of the two jurisdictions in which she was licensed to practice law referring her for a possible ethics violation.
Radack bypassed that issue by invoking the Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA), which she argues provides the legal basis for an exception to attorney-client privilege, i.e., for disclosure when permitted or authorized by law.
The Justice Department responded that the WPA may not apply to former employees, and that it does not authorize any disclosure, only prevents retaliatory personnel actions for certain disclosures.
OPR did not follow its own policies in making the referrals, according to Radack, including in not allowing her to formally respond to its findings.
She has contrasted the way she was treated by the Department of Justice and the way the department attorneys who authored the memos giving a purported legal basis for waterboarding and other controversial interrogation methods were treated.
There was never any serious investigation of how Radack's emails disappeared from the PRAO file, she believes, a conclusion reached in part because no investigator questioned her about it.
She reports that for a time she was selected for extra security on each flight, at least 19 flights by her count, and that one airline told her she was on the list.
She believes she was eventually removed from the list, after she had complained to the Transportation Security Administration Ombudsman and the ACLU.
On May 7, with no answers yet, Kennedy pressed the matter with Michael Chertoff, who oversaw the criminal division that prosecuted Lindh, and who was before the Senate Judiciary Committee as a nominee for a circuit court judgeship.
Chertoff said Lindh was deemed not to be represented by a lawyer he had not chosen, and he denied that PRAO was consulted about Lindh.
Kennedy was more satisfied, though still troubled, by the responses to a second round of written questions in which Chertoff acknowledged that he learned after the Lindh interviews that a lawyer in his division, DePue, had consulted PRAO.
He implied DePue was not acting on behalf of those responsible for decisions in the Lindh case, and that he was peripheral to the decision process.
On May 22 several Democrats on the Judiciary Committee said they wanted more time to review Radack's allegations, but the committee voted 13-0, with six Democrats voting present, to send the nomination on to the full Senate, where it was confirmed 88–1 on June 9.
https://www.whistleblower.org/in-the-news/verge-edward-snowdens-lawyer-will-keep-your-secrets-jesselyn-radack-whistleblowers-best/ She was also one of the attorneys who represented National Security Agency whistleblower Thomas Andrews Drake, with whom she won the 2011 Sam Adams Award, given annually by the Sam Adams Associates for Integrity in Intelligence.
If one team has the opposing team's flag on their territory they may be tagged because they have the opposing team's flag.
The objective of the game is for players to venture into the opposing team's territory, grab the flag and return with it to their territory without being tagged.
In a more difficult version, the flag is hidden in a place where it can only be seen from one angle.
For example, the flag could be hidden in the leaves up in a tall tree, and the players have to see the flag, then knock it out and bring it to their base.
Different versions of Capture the Flag have different rules, both for handling the flag and for what happens to tagged players.
The jail is a predesignated area of the group's territory which exists for holding tagged players and is normally towards the back of the group's territory.
Such action may, depending on the rules, free all jailed players or simply those who are physically touched by the one performing the jailbreak.
But in some variants, teammates who got tagged can be jailed only 3 times, or they are kicked from the game until the next round.
The player performing the jail break, on the other hand, is neither safe, nor restricted from performing other actions such as attempting to grab the flag or generally moving about enemy territory.
Simply leaving jail without being freed is considered poor sportsmanship and is severely frowned upon, often leading to expulsion from the game.
If all players on one team are jailed (meaning no teammate can free them from jail), then the other team will have all the time they want to find the other team's flag.
The rules for the handling of the flag also vary from game to game and deal mostly with the disposition of the flag after a failed attempt at capturing it.
This latter variant makes offensive play easier, as the flag will tend, over the course of the game, to be moved closer to the dividing line between territories.
Sometimes, the flag holder may not be safe at all, even in their home territory, until they obtain both flags, thus ending the game.
But they have the option to return to their own side or hand it off to a teammate who will then carry it to the other side.
No matter where a player is when their bandanna is pulled, they're captured and must, depending on the preferences of the players, go to jail, or return to their base before returning to play.
In some urban settings, the game is played indoors in an enclosed area with walls, similar to the walls in a hockey rink.
There is also a spot sticking out of the back of the opposing ends which is connected to the playing area for the flag to be placed in.
A player who commits a foul or illegal check is placed in a penalty box for a specified amount of time, depending on the severity of the foul.
If the flag is thrown to a teammate but hits the ground before it can be caught, the flag is placed from the spot of the throw.
If a player throws the flag, but is blocked or intercepted by a player from the opposing team, the flag is placed back at the base.
In 2014, Kickstarter users fully funded a campaign by Starlux Games for Capture the Flag Redux, an update that would allow it to be played at night or in the dark.
The new game uses glowing orbs for flags, LED bracelets to identify teams, and light-up markers to show boundaries and jails.
Each kit comes with 2 Glowing Orbs, 8 Jail Markers, 7 Territory Lights, 16 LED Glow Bracelets (eight for each team), 12 cards to explain game variation, and one guidebook (in English and Spanish).
Aside from software, video games and apps used in urban capture the flag, this is the first time the classic game has been reimagined as a retail product.
Fallen flags remain where they dropped until a time-out period elapses, after which the flag returns to one of several starting locations in home territory.
It is a turn-based strategy game with real time network / modem play (or play-by-mail) based around the traditional outdoor game.
The game required players to merely move one of their characters onto the same square as their opponent's flag, as opposed to bringing it back to friendly territory, because of difficulties implementing the artificial intelligence that the computer player would have needed to bring the enemy flag home and intercept opposing characters carrying the flag.
CTF contests are usually designed to serve as an educational exercise to give participants experience in securing a machine, as well as conducting and reacting to the sort of attacks found in the real world (i.e., bug bounty programs in professional settings).
Reverse-engineering, network sniffing, protocol analysis, system administration, programming, and cryptanalysis are all skills which have been required by prior CTF contests at DEF CON.
In an attack/defense style competition, each team is given a machine (or a small network) to defend on an isolated network.
Teams are scored on both their success in defending their assigned machine(s) and on their success in attacking the other team's machines.
Depending on the nature of the particular CTF game, teams may either be attempting to take an opponent's flag from their machine or teams may be attempting to plant their own flag on their opponent's machine.
Two of the more prominent attack/defense CTF's are held every year at DEF CON, the largest hacker conference, and the NYU-CSAW (Cyber Security Awareness Week), the largest student cyber-security contest.
Hardware challenges usually involve getting an unknown piece of hardware and having to figure out how to bypass part of the security, e.g.
Jeopardy!-style competitions usually involve multiple categories of problems, each of which contains a variety of questions of different point values and difficulties.
Teams attempt to earn the most points in the competition's time frame (for example 24 hours), but do not directly attack each other.
Rather than a race, this style of game play encourages taking time to approach challenges and prioritizes quantity of correct submissions over the timing.
King of the Hill is similar to Attack/Defend, but instead of everyone having their own machine (or small network) to defend, there are only preconfigured ones, which require all teams to exploit them.
When one team is able to gain access, they will remove the other team's token and insert their own, thus making them the King of the Hill.
Capture the Flag is among the games that have made a recent comeback among adults as part of the urban gaming trend (which includes games like Pac-Manhattan, Fugitive and Manhunt).
One long running example occurs on the Northrop Mall at the University of Minnesota on Fridays with typical attendance ranging from 50 to several hundred.
Watson's performance as Bess McNeill won her the Los Angeles, London and New York Critics' Circle Awards, the US National Society of Film Critics' Award for Best Actress, and an Oscar nomination.
Watson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to drama.
The film is a love story set during the Second World War and concerns a young woman who falls in love with a pilot.
In 2004, she was inducted into the society's hall of fame for spearheading the successful campaign to appoint a Children's Commissioner for England.
Receiving her award in the crowded House of Commons, she spoke out against the possibility that the Children's Commissioner become a figurehead with little real power.
He worked for The Texas Company at Beacon, New York during the wartime, followed by a position in the Clinton Laboratory (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), and finally joined MIT in 1955, and retired in 1986.
Professor Shull's prize was awarded for his pioneering work in neutron scattering, a technique that reveals where atoms are within a material like ricocheting bullets reveal where obstacles are in the dark.
When a beam of neutrons is directed at a given material, the neutrons bounce off, or are scattered by, atoms in the sample being investigated.
The neutrons' directions change, depending on the location of the atoms they hit, and a diffraction pattern of the atoms' positions can then be obtained.
Understanding where atoms are in a material and how they interact with one another is the key to understanding a material's properties.
Professor Shull teamed up with Ernest Wollan, and for the next nine years they explored ways of using the neutrons produced by nuclear reactors to probe the atomic structure of materials.
In Professor Shull's opinion the most important problem he worked on at the time dealt with determining the positions of hydrogen atoms in materials.
Professor Shull's awards include the Buckley Prize, which he received from the American Physical Society in 1956, and election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1956) and to the National Academy of Sciences (1975).
Justin David Hawkins (born 17 March 1975) is an English musician, singer and songwriter, best known for being the lead singer and lead guitarist of the Darkness.
Heavily influenced by classic rock bands of the 1970s and 1980s (particularly Queen, Aerosmith, Def Leppard and AC/DC), Hawkins is noted for his falsetto singing voice and on-stage persona.
The success of this album led to heavy touring for the band, including European portions of Metallica's Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003.
He claimed he did this so that he could track down whoever sold the digitally-marked advance copy of the album and try to prevent it from happening again.
The band followed up their second album with a tour of the UK and Ireland, consisting of 12 dates in the major cities.
Although drug and alcohol problems were initially cited as the main reason, later on national television, Hawkins would claim that he had grown tired of the constant routine of the band, recording and promoting an album, going on tours for months, back in the studio, etc.
Ahead of the album’s announcement, The Darkness toured Europe in support of Guns N’ Roses and are playing a number of festivals in the UK and Europe during the summer.
Easter Is Cancelled became the band’s fourth Top 10 album and topped the Official Charts Top 40 Rock And Metal Chart and the iTunes Rock Chart, while the record has achieved over 3 million streams on Spotify alone.
In early 2007, he became half of one of six acts competing to represent the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest competition in Helsinki in a duet with singer Beverlei Brown.
With Hot Leg in November 2008, he toured the UK supporting Alter Bridge ( 4–13 November) and Extreme ( 14–24 November).
Since the Darkness reformation he has been seen using multiple modified Marshall 1959 MKII Plexi Reissue guitar amps with a boosted gain stage run through Marshall 1960B cabinets.
The Digger Papers was a free collective publication of the Diggers, one of the 1960s improvisational theatre groups in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.
Her mother, Deborah (née Hurlbatt), was brought up in Hong Kong and Africa, and studied drama before marrying Kristin's father, Lieutenant Commander Simon Scott Thomas, a pilot in the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm who died in a flying accident when Kristin was aged five.
She is the elder sister of actress Serena Scott Thomas, the niece of Admiral Sir Richard Thomas (a former Black Rod, the parliamentary ceremonial officer in the House of Lords), and the great-great-niece of the ill-fated explorer Captain Scott, who lost the race to the South Pole.
Her mother remarried, to another Royal Navy pilot, Lt Cdr Simon Idiens (of Simon's Sircus aerobatic team flying Sea Vixens) who also died in a flying accident, flying a Phantom FG1 off the North Cornwall coast, six years after the death of her father.
She began training to become a drama teacher at the Central School of Speech and Drama, enrolling on a BEd in Speech and Drama.
In a 2002 interview for WENN, Kristin stated that this is the film that she is most proud of and that she views it as the peak of her career.
She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2003 Birthday Honours and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to drama.
Scott Thomas is divorced from François Olivennes, a French gynaecologist, with whom she has three children: Hannah (1988), Joseph (1991) and George (2000).
She has lived in France since she was 19, brought up her three children in Paris, and sometimes considers herself more French than British.
The Lords of the New Church were an English/American gothic rock supergroup with a line-up consisting of four musicians from 1970s punk bands.
The band originally comprised vocalist Stiv Bators (ex-the Dead Boys), guitarist Brian James (ex-the Damned), bassist Dave Tregunna (ex-Sham 69) and drummer Nick Turner (ex-the Barracudas).
More melodic and slickly produced than most punk, their music both reached a broader audience than that of many bands in the genre and alienated hardcore punk fans.
Their stage antics became notorious early in their career, with Bators stunts on one occasion reportedly resulting in his clinical death for several minutes.
Stiv Bators and Brian James first met each other in 1977 when the Dead Boys opened for the Damned on a few CBGB dates in New York and an English tour.
They had remained good friends and the two had often discussed working together on a project after their respective bands had disbanded.
The opportunity would come in 1980, when Bators was invited to London to join British punk band Sham 69, who had recently parted ways with their singer Jimmy Pursey.
This finally allowed Bators and James to form their own band, having already aroused the interest of Miles Copeland, co-founder of I.R.S.
They experimented with different rhythm sections, rehearsing with bassists Tony James and Glen Matlock, and drummers Terry Chimes and Steve Nicol.
Bators then approached his Wanderers bandmate Dave Tregunna and, with Rat Scabies of the Damned on drums, they performed a one-off gig in London at Hammersmith Clarendon as The Dead Damned Sham Band.
The band, however, liked the idea of calling themselves the Lords and they eventually settled on the Lords of the New Church.
Records, Copeland also took on managerial duties, the Lords of the New Church released their selfproduced eponymous debut album in July 1982.
For the subsequent tour, the band enhanced their live sound with keyboardist Matt Irving, who had also played on the album.
The album was produced by Chris Tsangarides, who had previously worked with hard rock acts like Thin Lizzy, Gary Moore and Tygers of Pan Tang.
The single gained the band some attention and radio airplay, taking it to #2 on the UK Indie Chart in May.
By early 1986, the Lords had replaced Tregunna with Grant Fleming (ex-Kidz Next Door), and augmented its lineup with a second guitarist, Alastair Symons (ex-The Dirty Strangers).
Turner and Fleming both left the band at the end of 1987 to be replaced by Danny Fury and a returning Tregunna in 1988.
The Lords of the New Church broke up when Bators ended the band onstage after a concert on 2 May 1989, at the London Astoria.
When Bators, who by this time was living in Paris, eventually agreed to do only one show, the rest of the band decided to put an advert in the music press looking for a stand-in singer for the remaining dates.
Miller and Ozzy departed the band after the UK leg of the tour and was replaced by Adam Becvare on vocals and guitar and Steve Murray on drums.
James, Tregunna, Becvare and former Lords touring keyboard player Mark Taylor reunited in October 2007 for a one-off 25th anniversary gig at the 100 Club in London.
The Society of the Governor and Assistants, London, of the New Plantation in Ulster, within the Realm of Ireland, commonly called the Irish Society, the Irish Society of London, or The Honourable The Irish Society, is a consortium of livery companies of the City of London set up in 1613 to colonise County Londonderry during the Plantation of Ulster.
In its first decades it rebuilt the city of Derry and town of Coleraine, and for centuries it owned property and fishing rights near both towns.
Some of the society's profits were used to develop the economy and infrastructure of the area, while some was returned to the London investors, and some used for charitable work.
Its educational grants are funded by its remaining property, including the walls of Derry, a tourist attraction and heritage site, and fisheries on the River Bann.
It remains closely linked with the City of London: its Governor is traditionally a former Lord Mayor of London, and members of the Court of Aldermen and Court of Common Council of the Corporation of London constitute members of the Court of The Honourable The Irish Society.
The Nine Years' War between Gaelic Irish chiefs and the Dublin Castle administration of the Kingdom of Ireland ended in Gaelic defeat 1603, and the Flight of the Earls in 1607 left northwest Ulster open to colonisation.
In planning the plantation of Ulster, King James I set out to defend against a future attack from within or without.
In his survey, he found that the town of Derry could become either a great asset as a control over the River Foyle and Lough Swilly, or it could become an inviting back door if the people of the area were against him.
He pressured the guilds of the City of London to fund the resettlement of the area, including the building of a new walled city, and the result was the creation of the society.
The rural area of the county was subdivided between the Great Twelve livery companies, while the towns and environs of Londonderry and Coleraine were retained by the Irish Society.
The society was sequestrated in 1630, fined for non-performance in 1635, and suppressed in 1637; it was revived by Oliver Cromwell in 1650 and again after the Restoration by Londonderry's 1662 royal charter.
A dispute with the Church of Ireland Bishop of Derry over fishing rights was appealed from the Irish House of Lords to the English House of Lords, in a controversial move later sanctioned by the Declaratory Act of 1719.
During the 17th and 18th centuries four of the twelve livery companies sold their estates, the Irish Society requiring in each case a bond of indemnity.
Until the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, the society had influence on the municipal corporations of Derry and Coleraine, with right of appointment of some officials and right of veto over some classes of decision.
Profits from the society's commercial endeavours were redistributed to the livery companies until a lawsuit brought by the Skinners' Company in 1832 claiming a greater share of this revenue.
The 1854 Royal Commission on the City of London recommended that the Irish Society be abolished and its property transferred to a new charitable trust, unconnected to the London Corporation, with trustees nominated by the Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
While the companies' rural estates were sold to tenants under the Irish Land Acts after 1870, the Irish Society's urban property was exempt from the acts.
Food Not Bombs' ideology is that myriad corporate and government priorities are skewed to allow hunger to persist in the midst of abundance.
To demonstrate this (and to reduce costs), a large amount of the food served by the group is surplus food from grocery stores, bakeries and markets that would otherwise go to waste (or, occasionally, has already been thrown away).
Each chapter collects surplus food that would otherwise go to waste from grocery stores, bakeries and markets (and occasionally from garbage dumpsters when stores are uncooperative ), as well as donations from local farmers, then prepares community meals which are served for free to anyone who is hungry.
Food Not Bombs works to call attention to poverty and homelessness in society by sharing food in public, physically accessible places and facilitating community gatherings of hungry people.
Food Not Bombs was founded in 1980 in Cambridge, Massachusetts by anti-nuclear activists Keith McHenry, Jo Swanson, Mira Brown, Susan Eaton, Brian Feigenbaum, C.T.
Co-founder, Keith McHenry has volunteered for 35 years and can be found sharing food almost every week in various cities including Santa Cruz, California and Taos, New Mexico.
Their protests were against such things as nuclear power, United States' involvement in the Salvadoran Civil War, and discrimination against the homeless.
The first arrests for sharing free food were on August 15, 1988 at the entrance to Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, California.
Food Not Bombs grew throughout the 1990s, and held four international gatherings: in San Francisco in 1992 and in 1995, in Atlanta in 1996, and in Philadelphia in 2005.
The 1995 International Food Not Bombs Gathering took place in and around United Nations Plaza in San Francisco at the same time the world was celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations (at a historic conference in San Francisco).
Food Not Bombs helped start the Low Watt FM Free Radio, the October 22nd No Police Brutality Day, and Homes Not Jails during the San Francisco days.
During a presentation to the University of Texas at Austin in 2006, an FBI counter-terrorism official labeled Food Not Bombs and Indymedia as having possible terrorist connections.
In the summer of 2007, the Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs chapter began to receive systematic harassment by local law enforcement until an ultimatum made by the Fort Lauderdale Police for the arrest of those conducting the feedings was met with hundreds of supporters the next week and subsequent relenting by local law enforcement until the 2010s.
In the fall of 2007, Eric Montanez of Orlando's Food Not Bombs was charged with violating a city ordinance by feeding more people in a public park at one time than the law allows without a permit.
Food Not Bombs and a church for the homeless called First Vagabonds Church of God sued the city on the grounds that serving food is first amendment-protected political speech and religious activity.
Circuit Court of Appeals threw out the decision, barring Orlando from enforcing the ordinance until another hearing before a 10-judge panel takes place.
In May 2008, local business owners attempted to stop the Kitchener, Ontario, Food Not Bombs from serving in a highly visible downtown location, describing the group as supporting meat-free diets, anti-capitalism, and an end to Canada's military intervention in Afghanistan.
In August 2009 the chapter began operating out of a licensed kitchen provided by the Middletown First Church of Christ Congregational as state hearings into the matter were held.
As of October 2011, there were more than 400 chapters of Food Not Bombs listed on the organization's website, with about half the chapters located outside the United States.
Food Not Bombs has a loose structure: every chapter of Food Not Bombs embraces a few basic principles, and carries out the same sort of action, but every chapter is free to make its own decisions, based on the needs of its community.
Besides collecting and distributing food for free, many chapters of Food Not Bombs are involved in community anti-poverty, anti-war, and pro-immigrant organizing, as well as other political causes related to social justice.
On May 18 the 30-day stay ended and the ordinance would soon be enforced on June 1 resulting in the arrest of co-founder Keith McHenry and Orlando FNB volunteer Ben Markeson.
Each successive sharing saw arrests, with four arrests on June 6, five on June 8, three on June 13, and six on June 21.
That same week the lawyer for Orlando FNB issued a cease and desist to the city, saying that violating the ordinance was not an arrestable offense, and hackers claiming to be affiliated with Anonymous began issuing threats to the city of Orlando.
On Monday, June 20, no arrests were made at Food Not Bombs' breakfast in Lake Eola Park, however Ben Markeson was cited for holding a sign without a permit, with much confusion among city officials about procedure and the violations of civil rights.
On July 1, OFNB took the Mayor up on his offer to move sharings to City Hall, which stopped arrests and resulted in a new, stable arrangement for OFNB.
Soon after his arraignment he held a press statement where he admitted to all charges, but argued that the distributed denial of service attacks constituted acts of cyber-civil disobedience.
Local residents are currently petitioning to lower that number to 12, as well as to require feeders to obtain the same permit necessary for people who sell goods in public places (a $150 fee).
There have been numerous other ordinances in recent months targeting the homeless, including the banning of smoking and removing park benches.
Since 2009, homeless shelters in Gainesville could feed only 130 people at a time, leading to the formation of the Coalition To End The Meal Limit.
Two years later, the meal limit and other rules were significantly changed, resulting in a victory for the Coalition to End The Meal Limit.
On August 19, 2011, Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer held a press conference to announce that charges against food sharers arrested in Lake Eola Park, Orlando, were dropped, resulting in a new state of compromise between Buddy Dyer's administration and Orlando Food Not Bombs.
On January 29, 2015, Food Not Bombs filed a 29-page federal lawsuit against the City of Fort Lauderdale to strike down the sharing ban ordinances as unconstitutional.
On August 22, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled that outdoor food sharing by Food Not Bombs was protected under the First Amendment.
Food Not Bombs groups have been heavily involved in supporting occupation camps across the US during the Occupy Wall Street movement.
The use of consensus, supporting urban homeless communities, and mass feedings through donations are all specialties of Food Not Bombs that has now seen an unheralded demand.
In a case of history repeating itself, a Food Not Bombs kitchen was removed in a late night police confrontation with Occupy San Francisco in mid-October.
Co-founder Keith McHenry, who spent much of the year encouraging the advent of American occupation camps during his touring, has been an enthusiastic participant in many camps even as he has released a new Food Not Bombs handbook.
A Food Not Bombs World Gathering took place August 20–26, 2012, in Tampa, Florida - the week before the Republican National Convention.
In conjunction with Occupy Tampa and many other organizations, Food Not Bombs activists collected and prepared food for hundreds of RNC protesters and offered workshops, cultural events, and protest activities from August 20–30.
Keith McHenry and other long-time Food Not Bombs activists announced in 2012 the opening of the FNB Free Skool in Taos, New Mexico.
Topics covered by the course are an analysis of current social issues, community organizing, nonviolent social change, cultural events which support social change, and sustainable future for communities.
Mr. Yuk is a trademarked graphic image, created by UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and widely employed in the United States in labeling of substances that are poisonous if ingested.
To help children learn to avoid ingesting poisons, Mr. Yuk was conceived by Richard Moriarty, a pediatrician and clinical professor of pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine who founded the Pittsburgh Poison Center and the National Poison Center Network.
The Jolly Roger flag was used on breakfast cereals and chewing gum, and it was the insignia for Moriarty's local major league baseball team, the Pittsburgh Pirates.
The design and color were chosen when Moriarty used focus groups of young children to determine which combination was the most unappealing.
Mr. Yuk was first introduced in Pittsburgh in 1971, and over the next few years, Mr. Yuk stickers gained nationwide The stickers usually contain phone numbers of poison control centers that may give guidance if poisoning has occurred or is suspected.
At least two peer-reviewed medical studies (Fergusson 1982, Vernberg 1984) have suggested that Mr. Yuk stickers do not effectively keep children away from potential poisons and may even attract children.
To evaluate the effectiveness of six projected symbols (skull-and-crossbones, red stop sign, and four others), tests were conducted at day care centers.
The Mr. Ouch symbol, developed by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) to warn children about electrical hazards, has a similar design and strategy.
Mr. Yuk and his graphic rendering are registered trademarks and service marks of the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the rendering itself is additionally protected by copyright.
This means that the name and graphic image cannot be used without a license from the owner—unlike the skull and crossbones symbol, which is in the public domain.
Sweden proper () is a term used to distinguish those territories that were fully integrated into the Kingdom of Sweden, as opposed to the dominions and possessions of, or states in union with, Sweden.
Specifically this means that from approximately 1155–1156 up to the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809, Sweden proper did also include the bulk of present-day Finland as a fully integrated part of the realm.
Skåne, Halland, Blekinge and Bohuslän formerly parts of Denmark and Norway, came under the Swedish Crown by the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, but it was not until 1719 that they were fully integrated and became part of Sweden proper.
Sweden proper, a geographical reference that has changed over time, contrasts with Finland Proper, a province in southwestern Finland that gave its name to all of Finland.
Moving to Cambridge in 1956, they converted four small cottages into one idiosyncratic house and a place to display Ede's collection of early 20th-century art.
In 1966, Ede gave the house and collection to the University of Cambridge, but continued living there before he and his wife moved to Edinburgh in 1973.
The house is preserved as the Edes left it, making a very informal space to enjoy the permanent collection and live music.
The house and gallery temporarily closed in June 2015 during a major building project to create a four-floor education wing, improved exhibition galleries, a new entrance area and a café.
A series of gentle additions by Jamie Fobert Architects offers greatly improved support services for visitors, including a new courtyard and welcome area and a new shop.
During the closure, there were displays of the collection at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge and the Jerwood Gallery in Hastings.
It is largely based on associations and friendships formed when Ede was a curator at Tate Gallery, and as such it is biased towards works from the British avant-garde of the first half of the 20th century.
A variation beyond the tolerance (for example, a temperature that is too hot or too cold) is said to be noncompliant, rejected, or exceeding the tolerance.
A primary concern is to determine how wide the tolerances may be without affecting other factors or the outcome of a process.
A good set of engineering tolerances in a specification, by itself, does not imply that compliance with those tolerances will be achieved.
With a normal distribution, the tails of measured values may extend well beyond plus and minus three standard deviations from the process average.
Process controls must be in place and an effective Quality management system, such as Total Quality Management, needs to keep actual production within the desired tolerances.
The choice of tolerances is also affected by the intended statistical sampling plan and its characteristics such as the Acceptable Quality Level.
This relates to the question of whether tolerances must be extremely rigid (high confidence in 100% conformance) or whether some small percentage of being out-of-tolerance may sometimes be acceptable.
There is an increasing loss which is a function of the deviation or variability from the target value of any design parameter.
If a part is manufactured, but has dimensions that are out of tolerance, it is not a usable part according to the design intent.
If the fundamental deviation is greater than zero, the bolt will always be smaller than the basic size and the hole will always be wider.
In this case the size of the tolerance range for both the shaft and hole is chosen to be the same (0.036 mm), meaning that both components have the same International Tolerance grade but this need not be the case in general.
The tolerances work in such a way that for a hole H7 means that the hole should be made slightly larger than the base dimension (in this case for an ISO fit 10+0.015−0, meaning that it may be up to 0.015 mm larger than the base dimension, and 0 mm smaller).
For a shaft of the same size, h6 would mean 10+0−0.009, which means the shaft may be as small as 0.009 mm smaller than the base dimension and 0 mm larger.
This method of standard tolerances is also known as Limits and Fits and can be found in ISO 286-1:2010 (Link to ISO catalog).
An analysis of fit by statistical interference is also extremely useful: It indicates the frequency (or probability) of parts properly fitting together.
For critical components, one might specify that the actual resistance must remain within tolerance within a specified temperature range, over a specified lifetime, and so on.
Many commercially available resistors and capacitors of standard types, and some small inductors, are often marked with coloured bands to indicate their value and the tolerance.
In civil engineering, clearance refers to the difference between the loading gauge and the structure gauge in the case of railroad cars or trams, or the difference between the size of any vehicle and the width/height of doors or the width/height of an overpass as well as the air draft under a bridge.
Other lines were added gradually over the next several years, and as of 2019, 8 lines totalling run throughout the city.
Users pay at the station entrance using a smart card, pass through a turnstile, and wait for buses inside the station, which is typically 5 m wide.
The buses are diesel-powered, purchased from such manufacturers as the Colombian-Brazilian company Marcopolo-Superior, German conglomerate Mercedes-Benz, and Swedish companies such as Volvo and Scania.
TransMilenio buses are not equipped with transponders to give them priority at traffic signals; regret over this fact was voiced by former general manager of the system, Angelica Castro.
Unlike the main TransMilenio buses, feeders operate without dedicated lanes, are not articulated and are green (regular TransMilenio buses are red).
There was also a plan for a network of elevated highways throughout Bogota, and plans to build a subway as Medellín had done seven years prior.
When Enrique Peñalosa was elected mayor he cancelled these projects and oversaw the construction of the initial TransMilenio system at a fraction of the cost.
Prior to construction, a 30 km trip by public transport would take 2 hours and 15 minutes in 1998; the same trip using TransMilenio now takes 55 minutes.
The operational design of TransMilenio was undertaken by transport consultants Steer Davies Gleave with the financial structuring of the project led by Capitalcorp S.A., a local investment bank.
Most of the money required to build TransMilenio was provided by the Colombian central government, while the city of Bogotá provided the remaining 30%.
Other cities are building systems modeled on Transmilenio, for example, Mexico City, and Transantiago in Santiago, Chile, but the difference is that in these cities the system is complemented with a Rapid transit system.
A lawsuit by disabled user Daniel Bermúdez caused a ruling that all feeder systems must comply with easy access regulations by 2004, but this has not happened yet.
On May 2 and 3, 2006, several groups of bus drivers not associated with TransMilenio held a strike, protesting against some elements and consequences of the system.
Acts of individual intimidation and violence against some private vehicles, TransMilenio and conventional buses occurred during the strike, as well as clashes between some of the strikers and the police.
Bogotá's Mayor Luis Eduardo Garzón rejected the strike, firmly defended all of the measures as necessary for the city's transportation future, and stated that he was only willing to discuss the specific details of their implementation, as well as a further democratization of TransMilenio's operations, after the situation calmed down.
During the second and final day of the strike, the local administration, the strikers and their companies agreed to begin talks.
During the strike, some protests included users of TransMilenio who complained because the buses were passing at a very low frequency.
Even after the strike ended, some TransMilenio passengers have subsequently protested because they still find aspects of the system to be inefficient and uncomfortable.
Due to the relatively high price, overcrowding, and delays in the routes hundreds of people mostly students protested and some vandals looted and broke windows on March 9, 2012, causing half a million dollars of damage and 11 injuries.
In order to fill the information gap, TransMilenio made available an interactive guide that includes routes, stations, nearby places and route combinations.
After the total operation of the second phase of the system was implemented, a new system was implemented to facilitate the circulation of the system.
The maps changed at each station, to show the specific services to the station in question and the way to reach the other zones of the system from there.
were eliminated except for the K98-G98, which was modified to be renamed K42-G42 with biarticulated buses operating in the same way.
As of March 3, 2018 some services modified their nomenclatures so that they have the same number in both directions, avoiding confusions in the express routes.
For example: The service that leaves between the station Toberín and the Portal de Usme went from being B72-H61 to B72-H72, likewise the D24-J24 (before it was D70-J24).
According to a United States Transportation Research Board (TRB) case study report, the initial construction cost for the first phase of $8 million per mile (41 km) was US $240 million, or US $5.9 million/km.
In a report presented later by the Ministry of Transport of Colombia, the total cost of the construction of Transmilenio phase one was estimated at 1.4 billion COP (about US$703 million), of which 253.053 million COP (about US$126.5 million) was provided by the Colombian government.
The construction of the phase two was estimated at 3.2 billion COP (about US$1634 million), of which 2.1 billion COP (about US$1058 million) was provided by the Colombian government and the rest was provided by the city.
Ridership in early 2006 was 1,050,000 daily, in 2009 it was 1,400,000 daily and in September 2018 it was 2.4 million on a weekday.
There is a plan in the near future to build 57 km of route by creating more lines and extending some of the current ones, as well as improving some stations.
However, this plan is not well received by the citizenship; according to surveys made in the city, 42% of the citizens consider that building a rapid transit system should be a priority in order to solve the mobility problem of the city, while 23% consider that more Transmilenio lines should be built.
Although most Bogotans have found Transmilenio to be an improvement over previous bus service, finding the system faster than traditional buses, many feel unsatisfied with it.
User strikes have erupted over the bad quality of the service, with users blocking the dedicated lanes used for the buses, at times halting the entire system.
These protests sometimes devolve into riots involving heavy police presence and the use of crowd control measures such as tear gas and water cannons.
The system has been described by the users, independent bodies and the media as suffering from overcrowding with an average of eight passengers per square meter, insecurity and providing bad customer service.
In some stations the overcrowding is so severe that users must wait in a long line to recharge the Smart card and in another line to enter the station.
The bad image and quality of the system has caused an increase in the number of cars and motorcycles in the city.
According to official data, the number of cars increased from approximately 666,000 in 2005 to 1,586,700 in 2016; the number of motorcycles is also grew.
During construction there were problems with the concrete used to pave the dedicated roads, which had an estimated cost to the city of 1.6 trillion pesos (500 million dollars).
In 2012 the secretary of finance of Bogota said that the whole line of Avenida Caracas should be rebuilt as well as some parts of the Avenida 26 line.
In 2015 an study made by the National University of Colombia revealed that 70% of the Air pollution is caused by the buses of the first phase of Transmilenio in the zones near of the existing lines of the system.
According to official data more than 50% of the first and second phase buses are hazardous for the environment because they don't fit the atmospheric emissions rules.
There is also a big controversy since Transmilenio buses are diesel powered, some academics, councillors and citizens claim that these buses are dangerous for the city since diesel fuels are carcinogens according to the World Health Organization and they point as example the fact that they are asked for banning in other cities like Stuttgart or Stockholm.
Women in Bogotá claim that the overcrowding in the system makes it easy for criminals to attack women and go unnoticed.
According to a 2012 survey conducted by the Secretary for Women's Issues of Bogotá 64% of women said they have been victims of sexual assault in the system.
Several policies have been adopted in order to confront this problem, like an exclusive bus for women, and special undercover policewomen , but none of them have been effective against the problem, and sexual assault cases continue.
There have been cases of buses being burned due to mechanical problems, one bus broken in half, tires flying off the buses and hitting cars, and users reporting that water leaks into the buses when it rains.
52% are compressed natural gas (CNG) buses made by Scania with Euro 6 emission rating, 48% are diesel engine made by Volvo with Euro 5 emission rating.
Ostro led radar observations of numerous asteroids, as well as the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings, and Mars and its satellites.
As of May 2008, Ostro and his collaborators had detected 222 near-Earth asteroids (including 130 potentially hazardous objects and 24 binaries) and 118 main belt objects with radar.
in ceramic science from Rutgers University in 1969, a Master's in engineering physics from Cornell University in 1974, and his Ph.D in planetary science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1978.
At MIT, Ostro was advised by Gordon Pettengill and Irwin I. Shapiro and studied the radar scattering properties of Saturn's rings and the Galilean satellites using the Arecibo Observatory.
After completing his graduate work and a year in postdoctoral research at MIT, Ostro served as an assistant professor of Astronomy at Cornell before moving to JPL in 1984.
In 2008, Ostro was elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, awarded for acknowledged eminence in the Earth and Space sciences.
In early experiments, such as the first radar detection of Ceres, radar observations of asteroids were restricted to measurements of Doppler shifts and radar cross-sections.
Beginning in the early 1980s, Ostro led the development of radar imaging and shape-reconstruction techniques, first determining only outer limits of targets' shapes, then deriving three-dimensional shape models.
From August 19 to 22 of 1989, Ostro and Scott Hudson observed the contact binary 4769 Castalia from the Arecibo Observatory, producing the first resolved radar images of an asteroid, which they later used to construct a model of the object.
Following the further development of imaging and shape reconstruction techniques by Ostro, Hudson, and Christopher Magri, and the upgrade of Arecibo in the mid-1990s, the number of radar observations increased dramatically.
Ostro was an early participant in discussion of the asteroid impact hazard, placing particular emphasis on the need to characterize asteroids before any deflection attempt.
In a paper with Carl Sagan, Ostro noted that while the asteroid impact hazard is a long-term risk to any civilization, the risk associated with maintaining an active deflection program is higher, because it is just as easy to deflect an asteroid to impact Earth as to prevent it from doing so.
To explore the dynamical implications of these observations in detail, Ostro collaborated with Steven Chesley, Jon D. Giorgini, Scott Hudson, Jean-Luc Margot, and Daniel J. Scheeres.
Radar provides extremely accurate measurement of the positions and velocities of target objects, and such astrometry of near-Earth objects has been recognized as crucial to dealing with the impact hazard.
In many cases, radar astrometry has excluded possible Earth impacts from trajectory predictions years before optical astrometry would have been able to do so.
Radar observations of Mars' moons, Phobos and Deimos, have refined knowledge of their orbits and show that their surfaces are coated with very low density (~1 g/cm) material, most likely fine-grain dust, to a depth of several meters.
Due to the stability of sulfonate anions, the cations of sulfonate salts such as scandium triflate have application as Lewis acids.
A classic organic reaction for the preparation of sulfonates is that of alkyl halides with sulfites such as sodium sulfite, first described by Adolph Strecker in 1868 (Strecker sulfite alkylation).
For example, if the R group is a methyl group and the R group is a trifluoromethyl group, the resulting compound is methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Sulfonic esters are used as reagents in organic synthesis, chiefly because the RSO group is a good leaving group, especially when R is electron-withdrawing.
The single, released on July 10, 1967, was a number-one hit in the US within three weeks of release and a big international seller.
It tells of a rural Mississippi family's reaction to the news of the suicide of Billie Joe McAllister, a local boy to whom the daughter (and narrator) is connected.
The song concludes with the demise of the father and the lingering, singular effects of the two deaths on the family.
It offers fragments of the dinnertime conversation on the day that a local boy, and acquaintance of the narrator, jumped to his death from a nearby bridge, the account interspersed between everyday, polite, mealtime conversation.
The song begins on June 3 with the narrator, her brother and her father returning from farming chores to the family house for dinner.
She said that the most named items were flowers, an engagement ring, a draft card, a bottle of LSD pills, and an aborted baby.
When Herman Raucher met Gentry in preparation for writing a novel and screenplay based on the song, she said that she had no idea why Billie Joe killed himself.
It crossed the Tallahatchie River at Money, about ten miles (16 km) north of Greenwood, Mississippi, and has since been rebuilt.
The bridge is steps from now-ruined Bryant's Grocery and Meat Market, where 14-year-old Emmett Till allegedly whistled at the co-owner in 1955, resulting in the boy's lynching.
The original recording, with no other musicians backing Gentry's guitar according to some reports, had eleven verses lasting eight minutes, telling more of Billie Joe's story.
The executives realized that this song would work best as a single, so they cut the length by almost half and added background music, strings, two cellos and four violins, according to Gentry.
In addition to the iconic lyrics that made the final cut, the unused lyrics may showcase Bobbie Gentry's mindset and possible answer to the mystery of what was thrown from the bridge; as well as the narrator's relationship to Billie Joe.
The shorter version left more of the story to the listener's imagination, and made the single more suitable for radio airplay.
The poster's tagline, which treats the film as being based on a true story and gives a date of death for Billy (June 3, 1953), led many to believe that the song was based on actual events.
In Raucher's novel and screenplay, Billy Joe kills himself after a drunken homosexual experience, and the object thrown from the bridge is the narrator's ragdoll.
Only the first, second, and fifth verses were sung by Bobbie Gentry in the film, omitting the third and fourth verses.
The narrator is one of the sons of the household, and the character who committed suicide is a girl named Marie-Jeanne Guillaume.
Besides the change in character names and locations, the translator adapted mentions of food and crops to be associated with rural France.
A number of jazz versions have been recorded, including Willis Jackson, Howard Roberts, Cal Tjader, Mel Brown, Jimmy Smith, Buddy Rich, King Curtis, Wayne Cochran and the C.C.
The narrator, seeking the reclusive Gentry, claims to be the abandoned lovechild of Gentry and Billie Joe, i.e., the object thrown off of the bridge.
It is one of the oldest known settlements in Tunisia, having been founded by settlers from the Phoenician port of Sidon around 1100BC.
It is also known as the last town to remain under French control after the rest of the country won its independence from France.
Its Arabic name Banzart () and the French and English forms derived from it all represent phonetic developments of its ancient name.
Around 950 BC the city came under the influence of Carthage during the reign of Queen Dido/Elissa, In 309 BC, during the Greek–Punic Wars and after the defeat of Agathocles, the city and Sicily returned to the Carthaginian Republic.
Several Carthaginian generals used its port during the Punic Wars of 264-146 BC - such as Hamilcar Barca, Mago, Hasdrubal and Hannibal.
Arab armies took Bizerte in 647 in their first invasion of the area, but the city reverted to control from Constantinople until the Byzantines were defeated and finally driven from North Africa in 695-98.
The troops of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire captured the city in 1535; the Turks took it in 1574.
With its occupation of Tunisia in 1881, France gained control of Bizerte and built a large naval harbour in the city.
In 1924, after the French government officially recognized the Soviet Union (USSR), the western military fleet of White Russia that had been kept in the port of Bizerte was returned to the Soviet government.
In March 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War, Spanish Republican Navy Commander Miguel Buiza ordered the evacuation of the bulk of the Republican fleet.
During the Second World War, the German and Italian armies occupied Bizerte until Allied troops defeated them on 7 May 1943.
During the fighting between the Allied forces and the German Army, many of the city's inhabitants fled to the countryside or to Tunis.
Due to Bizerte's strategic location on the Mediterranean, France retained control of the city and her naval base after Tunisian independence in 1956.
Meetings at the UN Security Council and other international pressure moved France to agreement; the French military finally abandoned Bizerte on 15 October 1963.
Bizerte is on a section of widened inlet and east-facing coast of the north coast of Tunisia, 15 kilometres from Ras ben Sakka (the northernmost point in Africa on the Mediterranean Sea), 20 kilometers northeast of the Ichkeul lake (a World Heritage Site), 30 kilometers (18 miles) north of the archaeological site of Utica and 65 kilometers north of Tunis.
It is on a section of Mediterranean climate coastline, close to Sardinia and Sicily, as opposed to coasts in the south of the country which have a year-round dry desert climate.
The city is centered on the north shore of the canal of Bizerte linking the Mediterranean Sea to a tidal lake, the Lac de Bizerte which is larger than all parts of the town combined, to the immediate south.
On the town side the P11 passes semi-rural Louata, hugs Ichkeul Lake and branches into a western route, the P7, leading directly to Tabarka on the coast next to the Algerian border.
The P11 leads south-west to Béja, a governorate center, in the foothills of the Tell Atlas, forks into several roads at Bou Salem, a small town in a broad fertile plain, and climbs to Firnanah passing two high-altitude lakes and also approaching the north-west border with Algeria.
The city and see of Hippo Diarrhytus should not be confused with those of Hippo Regius where Saint Augustine of Hippo was the bishop.
After the Serbian army's retreat through Albania in 1915, during the World War I, part of the army was transported by the French navy to their naval base in Bizerte.
In December 1915 and early 1916, after the Albanian Golgotha, then later in 1916 after the first clashes on the Salonica Front in Greece and in the early 1917 when Serbian volunteers began to gather in Bizerte.
He was involved in the care of the soldiers on daily basis and organized ceremonial greetings for every ship upon arrival.
Admiral Guépratte directly disobeyed the order from the French High Command by which he was ordered to dislocate Serbs into the Sahara's hinterland.
When Guépratte visited Belgrade for the first time in 1930, he was awaited by the crowd which carried the admiral on their shoulders from the Belgrade Main railway station to the Slavija Square.
In the Northern Africa, Serbian wounded soldiers were treated in the hospitals in Bizerte, Tunis, Sousse, Sidi Abdala, Algiers, Oran and Annaba.
Those two cemeteries are the largest of all in Northern Africa where Serbian soldiers were buried - a total of 24 cemeteries in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, with 3,005 buried soldiers.
Hudson was educated at Caltech, where he received his bachelor's degree in engineering and applied science in 1985, his master's degree in electrical engineering in 1986, and his PhD in electrical engineering in 1990.
From August 19 to 22 of 1989, Hudson and Steven Ostro observed 4769 Castalia from the Arecibo Observatory, producing the first direct image of an asteroid.
This is one of the major degradation pathways which convert essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (amino acids that can be synthesized de novo by the organism).
In the first step, the α amino group of an amino acid is transferred to the enzyme, producing the corresponding α-keto acid and the aminated enzyme.
During the second stage, the amino group is transferred to the keto acid acceptor, forming the amino acid product while regenerating the enzyme.
PLP is covalently attached to the enzyme via a Schiff Base linkage formed by the condensation of its aldehyde group with the ε-amino group of an enzymatic Lys residue.
These may be specific for individual amino acids, or they may be able to process a group of chemically similar ones.
They live in small family groups containing at least one adult male and female, with one or two immature birds, though they sometimes gather in larger flocks to exploit a major food supply such as an ant or termite nest.
The birds are occasionally preyed upon by crowned hawk-eagles, and they respond to the presence of an eagle (sometimes indicated by its characteristic shriek) by mobbing – approaching it and emitting calls.
Several shows had million plus audiences, and multiple weekday presenters continued on in radio, television, or politics after their time on Air America.
Al Franken went from his show to the United States Senate, and Rachel Maddow moved her show to television on the MSNBC network.
A scandal involving nearly $1 million in loans from a Boys & Girls Club in New York secretly transacted by Evan Cohen came out in 2005 and was a source of negative publicity.
The company eventually changed its name from Air America Radio to Air America Media and lastly to just Air America, an effort to establish itself as a broadcaster on multiple media sources including television and the Internet, and one not merely relegated to radio.
Always primarily a radio network, on January 21, 2010, Air America went off the air citing difficulties with the current economic environment.
Sometime after the network's closure, Newsweb Corporation (owned by Chicago entrepreneur, political activist, and philanthropist Fred Eychaner & owner of Chicago's WCPT progressive talk radio station) acquired ownership of the branding.
As with most syndicated broadcast networks, local affiliate stations were able to air select programs or the entire schedule, subject to contractual arrangements.
The final hard break occurs at 58 minutes past the hour, leading into the news at the top of the hour.
Air America featured its own news summary breaks at the top of each hour, with content from wire services such as the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI).
The public affairs programs tended to closely follow current happenings in the news, with monologues and reflections offered by the hosts and their guests.
Also, most of the talk shows had their own theme songs, used bumper music to segue between commercials and segments, and played political novelty songs.
On many Air America affiliates, weekends featured repeats and highlights from the network's weekday shows, combined with new original programming and some syndicated shows produced independently.
On September 8, 2005 Air America Radio formed a separate syndication division, designed to offer additional programming and services to both progressive talk and other talk/music formats.
In late 2002 Chicago entrepreneurs Sheldon Drobny and Anita Drobny, angered at the firing of their favorite radio host, Mike Malloy, decided to try to get Malloy syndicated nationally.
Around this same time, Democratic political operative Tom Athans and radio industry veteran Paul Fiddick launched Democracy Radio in Washington, D.C. Democracy Radio was an organization founded in September 2002 dedicated to creating political balance on America's commercial radio airwaves.
Its concept was to develop, fund and incubate progressive oriented talk programming and retain well established radio networks to market the programs to stations around the country.
Sinton, the Drobnys and their associate, Javier Saade, a Harvard Business School grad and venture capitalist, continued to raise awareness but little money throughout 2003 by spending time in New York, Washington D.C., and Los Angeles.
In November 2003, Sinton's brother Steve Sinton left Clear Channel's talk radio division to join AAR as Vice President of Programming and Operations.
During a trip to Washington D.C., former Clinton Chief of Staff John Podesta suggested a young lawyer, David Goodfriend, who introduced the Drobnys and Sinton to his former college roommate, Evan Montvel Cohen, who had profited from advertising and research companies in the Pacific Rim.
Al Franken and Garafalo finally agreed to contracts, and in short order the company was able reach agreement and hire Winstead, Chuck D, comedian Marc Maron, media attorney Carl Ginsberg, and many more people.
In early 2004, talent, engineers and producers were hired, a lease was signed with New York's WLIB creating a New York home and affiliate, and, at noon Eastern time on March 31, the newly renamed Air America Radio Network was launched.
America Radio Network, which was home to hosts such as Thom Hartmann, Peter Werbe, and Mike Malloy, never gained national attention.
Although not a network, Democracy Radio launched The Ed Schultz Show three months prior to the launch of Air America in January 2004.
AAR became the fastest growing network in modern radio history, increasing its listeners from 120,000 to 400,000 within three months, and reaching 2.137 million listeners per week in 2005.
The amount was later estimated by the Wall Street Journal to be closer to US$6 million; Sorensen said that an investor had backed out at the last minute.
He had complete control over all funds and banking relationships for the company, and reported directly to the Chairman, Evan Cohen.
He had been having a number of disagreements with Evan Cohen about the direction of the company, and in particular about the complete lack of financial transparency in Cohen's business dealings and fundraising efforts.
Walsh was a resident of Washington D.C. and told Cohen that he could not be part of an enterprise run in such an opaque and disruptive fashion.
Two weeks after the on-air debut of Air America Radio, programming was withdrawn in two key markets due to contract disputes.
Air America alleged that Multicultural Radio had sold time on its Los Angeles station to both Air America and another party, and said that that was why it stopped payment on checks due to Multicultural while Air America investigated.
Air America Radio filed a complaint in New York Supreme Court, charging breach of contract and was briefly granted an injunction to restore the network on WNTD-AM in Chicago.
On April 20, 2004, the network announced the dispute had been settled, and Air America's last day of broadcast on WNTD was April 30, 2004.
The New York Supreme Court ultimately concluded that the injunction was improvidently entered and that Air America Radio's court action was without merit, dismissing Air America's complaint and awarding over US$250,000 in damages and attorneys' fees to Multicultural.
One week after those departures, its chairman and vice chairman, Evan Cohen and his investment partner Rex Sorensen, were forced out by the remaining investors.
In a tense late night meeting, which included Franken, Saade, the Drobnys, Mark Walsh and other investors, the company found out that it had virtually no assets.
Subsequently, the company had a number of acting CEO's, including outside investor Doug Kreeger and Jon Sinton for a short period.
As part of a reorganization, the Progress Media board of directors bought the assets of that company, creating a new company, Piquant LLC; at around the same time, the company decided to stop trying to buy radio stations and lease air time, and to allow affiliates to carry programming outside of the network's offerings.
On February 28, 2005, a new CEO, Danny Goldberg, was named, and in April 2005, Gary Krantz was named president of the network.
Maron exacerbated the conflict by calling attention to his situation during the show for several weeks, prompting a petition drive that garnered over 5,000 signatures.
Maron was offered an evening show, which ran briefly on affiliate KTLK in Los Angeles, but Air America never followed through with promised national syndication and the show was cancelled in July 2006.
In the two weeks before the firing, Malloy had announced an impending multi-year deal for him to stay with Air America (and to return on the air in New York City).
Rumours persist that Malloy's criticism of Israel during its bombardment of Lebanon in the summer of 2006 may have played a role.
News of his termination was conveyed via a short statement on the homepage of Malloy's website, posted by his wife/producer Kathy Bay Malloy.
It later turned out that there had been four separate transfers from Gloria Wise between October 2, 2003, and March 14, 2004, totalling $875,000, and that no interest was to be paid on these loans.
Since then, the city has suspended further funding of the agency, and Boys and Girls Clubs of America has revoked the group's right to use their name, likeness or logo.
At the time the funds were to have been transferred, Evan Cohen, the founder and first chairman of Air America and the former chairman of the now-defunct Progress Media, was also Director of Development for Gloria Wise.
A week later, on October 13, 2006, Air America filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11, at the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.
The filing had over 25 pages of creditors and showed that the company lost US$9.1 million in 2004, US$19.6 million in 2005 and an additional US$13.1 million by mid-October in 2006.
The sale was completed on March 6, 2007 to Green Family Media, a new company created by Stephen Green and his brother Mark J.
During the bankruptcy, key on-air personality Al Franken decided that he was going to give up his show of three years in order to run for U.S. Senate.
Franken won a close and highly contested election to become the 60th Senator in the Democratic Caucus for the 111th United States Congress.
Mark Green announced on Thursday, April 25, 2007, that Westwood One would take over the handling of Air America's ad sales from Jones Radio Networks.
On March 14, 2007, the new owners of Air America announced the hiring of longtime radio veteran David Bernstein to be the new Vice President of Programming.
Prior to joining Air America, he was best known as the program director at New York radio station WOR from 1995 to 2002.
After being suspended by Air America management for derogatory remarks toward Geraldine Ferraro and Hillary Clinton while off the air, Randi Rhodes quit the network on April 9, 2008, citing a contract dispute.
She was one of Air America's more popular hosts, with a listener base of 1.5 million unique listeners per week built up over 4 years.
Rhodes moved to Nova M Radio the next week, but is now syndicated by Premiere Radio Networks after Nova M went bankrupt.
The Randi Rhodes show is aired in its former time slot on the America Left channel on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
Her radio show became more of a replay of her television show, and ultimately her radio program became a one-hour show in the mornings.
Montel Williams hosted the new flagship program in Lionel's previous spot, and Lionel moved his show to the 12pm-3pm ET slot.
From large to small, recent bankruptcies like Citadel Broadcasting and closures like that of the industry's long-time trade publication Radio & Records have signaled that these are very difficult and rapidly changing times.
Several other former employees have made similar complaints, specifically that the management of Air America lacked the necessary broadcasting business expertise.
Because conservatives were so entrenched on heritage stations, the progressives on Air America were relegated to smaller, less powerful, under-performing signals that could not compete with their more established counterparts; certainly not without lots of promotion and time to develop, both of which were denied in most cases.
At some point after the network's closure in 2010, Newsweb Corporation (the owner of Chicago's WCPT AM band radio station) gained ownership of the network's name.
In Arbitron's Spring 2008 ratings book, stations carrying a majority AAR programming and in markets reporting every quarter averaged a 1.3 share.
The highest rated Air America affiliates were KPOJ in Portland, Oregon (3.7 share), WXXM in Madison, Wisconsin (3.5), and KABQ in Albuquerque, New Mexico (2.6).
The lowest rated affiliates were WDTW and WLBY in Detroit, Michigan (unmeasurable), WOIC in Columbia, South Carolina (0.4), WTKG in Grand Rapids, Michigan (0.5), and flagship station WWRL in New York City (0.5).
WXXM in Madison had announced in November 2006 that it would switch to all sports programming by the end of the year.
Following backlash from the station's listeners and syndicated hosts, Clear Channel in Madison later backtracked, deciding to leave the progressive talk format on the station.
As of October 2008, Air America programming was carried on 66 terrestrial broadcast stations, an increase of 10 percent over the previous six months.
Air America counts any station that carries any of their programming as an affiliate, similar to radio networks such as ESPN Radio.
Stations owned by Clear Channel Communications had been early backers of the network, and the company used the network as programming for some of its smaller AM stations.
However, in the past few years, the network has been moving instead toward replacing Air America on those stations with Fox Sports Radio (a Clear Channel product), as WCKY Cincinnati, KLSD San Diego and WINZ Miami were all once Air America affiliates but are now affiliated with Fox Sports.
(There have been a few notable exceptions that have remained with Air America, such as WXXM in Madison, Wisconsin, which kept Air America after listener protests, and KKGN in San Francisco, where the Fox Sports affiliation is held by another station and there are fewer programming options due to significant competition).
Filbert Street was a football stadium in Leicester, England, which served as the home of Leicester City FC from 1891 until 2002.
Although officially titled the ’City Business Stadium’ in the early 1990s, it remained known almost exclusively by its address, like many English football stadiums.
In 1884–85 it played at a ground known as the Racecourse, before sharing Victoria Park with the Leicester Tigers rugby club for two years.
Leicester Fosse played at the Belgrave Road Cycle Track for a year, but returned to Victoria Park after the rugby club offered a higher rent to the owners of the Cycle Track.
Leicester Fosse became a professional club in 1889 and laid out its own ground at Mill Lane, just north of Filbert Street.
The site of what was to become Filbert Street was prepared during the summer of 1891, while Leicester Fosse temporarily played at the Aylestone Road Cricket Ground.
Local legend suggests that the new ground was identified by a Miss Westland, the niece of one of the club's founders, Joseph Johnson.
The ground initially consisted of simple earth banks and a small main stand on the west side, until 1921, when a new and much larger main stand was built.
It was in this form that Filbert Street saw its record attendance of 47,298 for the Fifth Round FA Cup tie, against Tottenham Hotspur, on 18 February 1928.
The middle section of the Main Stand suffered bomb damage in 1940, and was later further damaged by a serious fire.
By 1949, the stand had been rebuilt, with much of the labour, ironically, being supplied by German POWs at a nearby camp.
After just surviving a council vote to terminate their lease in the late 1940s, City purchased the freehold of the ground in 1962, for the sum of £30,500.
In 1971, the first moves towards an all-seater stadium were taken, as the North and East sides were converted to seating.
The Air Dome covered an area of 90,000 square feet, weighed 24 cwt and took 15 men two hours to lay out and inflate using four electric fans.
At the beginning of the 1990s, after considering moving to a new stadium, and a total redevelopment of Filbert Street which would have seen the pitch rotated by 90 degrees, onto the car park behind the Main Stand, City opted to build a new Main Stand, demolishing the existing structure in the summer of 1992.
In 1994, the final terraced area – the Kop – was converted to seating giving Filbert Street an all-seated capacity of 21,500, and bringing it into compliance with the Taylor Report which required all Premier League and Division One teams to have all-seater capacity.
Following the success of the club under Martin O'Neill during the later part of the 1990s, an expanded stadium was required for higher attendances and to provide better facilities.
Expansion of Filbert Street would have been very difficult, as the North and East Stands backed onto housing which would have been expensive to place under a compulsory purchase order.
After a failed attempt to build a 40,000 all-seater stadium at Bede Island South (on the other bank of the nearby River Soar), the club purchased Freeman's Wharf, a former power station site 200 yards south of Filbert Street.
Filbert Street was sold to a development company for £3.75 million in March 2002, two months before the last game was played there.
The last game to be played at Filbert Street was the last game of the 2001–02 season, a 2–1 victory against Tottenham Hotspur - one of just five league games that Leicester won during that season, culminating in relegation to Division One.
In the autumn of 2002, Rotherham United expressed interest in purchasing the Carling Stand and moving it to their Millmoor stadium, but these plans were soon abandoned and the decade-old stand would soon be demolished along with the rest of Filbert Street.
Part of the site is now home to the 'Filbert Village' development, built as accommodation for students for the nearby De Montfort University and University of Leicester.
The rest of the site was meant to be developed for housing, but this work was cancelled due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008.
It was then leased to a car parking company, but this arrangement was terminated by Leicester City Council in March 2012.
Gordon Leslie Arnold (August 14, 1941 – October 15, 1997) was a man who claimed to have witnessed the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas.
According to the report, Arnold and at least four other individuals said they met men who identified themselves as Secret Service agents.
Arnold indicated that he remained lying down for the duration of the shooting until he was confronted by two policemen who confiscated his film and ordered him to leave the area.
According to the report, at the time of the assassination Arnold was a soldier who had just completed basic training and was reporting for duty in Fort Wainwright, Alaska two days later.
Gnome sort (dubbed stupid sort) is a sorting algorithm originally proposed by an Iranian computer scientist Hamid Sarbazi-Azad (professor of Computer Engineering at Sharif University of Technology) in 2000.
The gnome sort is a sorting algorithm which is similar to insertion sort in that it works with one item at a time but gets the item to the proper place by a series of swaps, similar to a bubble sort.
It takes advantage of the fact that performing a swap can introduce a new out-of-order adjacent pair next to the previously swapped elements.
It does not assume that elements forward of the current position are sorted, so it only needs to check the position directly previous to the swapped elements.
Given an unsorted array, a = [5, 3, 2, 4], the gnome sort takes the following steps during the while loop.
The gnome sort may be optimized by introducing a variable to store the position before traversing back toward the beginning of the list.
In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the addition of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H) to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming the conjugate acid.
Some ions and molecules can undergo more than one protonation and are labeled polybasic, which is true of many biological macromolecules.
Protonation and deprotonation (removal of a proton) occur in most acid–base reactions; they are the core of most acid–base reaction theories.
Upon protonating a substrate, the mass and the charge of the species each increase by one unit, making it an essential step in certain analytical procedures such as electrospray mass spectrometry.
Protonating or deprotonating a molecule or ion can change many other chemical properties, not just the charge and mass, for example hydrophilicity, reduction potential, and optical properties can change.
The rate of protonation is related to the acidity of the protonating species: protonation by weak acids is slower than protonation of the same base by strong acids.
In number theory, a Heegner number (as termed by Conway and Guy) is a square-free positive integer formula_1 such that the imaginary quadratic field formula_2 has class number formula_3.
The determination of such numbers is a special case of the class number problem, and they underlie several striking results in number theory.
Alan Baker and Harold Stark independently proved the result in 1966, and Stark further indicated the gap in Heegner's proof was minor.
These sextics are not only algebraic, they are also solvable in radicals as they factor into two cubics over the extension formula_57 (with the first factoring further into two quadratics).
The three numbers formula_60, for which the imaginary quadratic field formula_2 has class number formula_62, are not considered as Heegner numbers but have certain similar properties in terms of almost integers.
ESEB supports young researchers through sponsoring the annual EMPSEB (European Meeting of PhD Students in Evolutionary Biology) research conference for Ph.D. students.
After establishing a career as a country music singer, later in his life he became an actor, usually depicting Native American elders in American films and television.
He was born Floyd Westerman on the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation, home of the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, a federally recognized tribe that is one of the sub-tribes of the Eastern Dakota section of the Great Sioux Nation, located in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
At the age of 10, Westerman was sent to the Wahpeton Boarding School, where he first met Dennis Banks (who as an adult became a leader of the American Indian Movement).
There Westerman and the other children were forced to cut their traditionally long hair and forbidden to speak their native languages.
In addition to several solo recordings, Westerman collaborated with Jackson Browne, Willie Nelson, Bonnie Raitt, Harry Belafonte, Joni Mitchell, Kris Kristofferson, and Buffy Sainte-Marie.
When R is OH, the imine is called an oxime, and when R is NH the imine is called a hydrazone.
A primary imine in which C is attached to both a hydrocarbyl and a H is called a primary aldimine; a secondary imine with such groups is called a secondary aldimine.
A primary imine in which C is attached to two hydrocarbyls is called a primary ketimine; a secondary imine with such groups is called a secondary ketimine .
In terms of mechanism, such reactions proceed via the nucleophilic addition giving a hemiaminal -C(OH)(NHR)- intermediate, followed by an elimination of water to yield the imine (see alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution for a detailed mechanism).
The equilibrium in this reaction usually favors the carbonyl compound and amine, so that azeotropic distillation or use of a dehydrating agent, such as molecular sieves or magnesium sulfate, is required to push the reaction in favor of imine formation.
In recent years, several reagents such as Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)borate [B(OCHCF)], pyrrolidine or titanium ethoxide [Ti(OEt)] have been shown to catalyse imine formation.
Iminium derivatives are particularly susceptible to reduction to the amines using transfer hydrogenation or by the stoichiometric action of sodium cyanoborohydride.
The first asymmetric imine reduction was reported in 1973 by Kagan using Ph(Me)C=NBn and PhSiH in a hydrosilylation with chiral ligand DIOP and rhodium catalyst (RhCl(CHCH)).
Due to a farm-machinery accident in his youth (April 17, 1888), Brown lost parts of two fingers on his right hand, and in the process gained a colorful nickname.
He turned this handicap into an advantage by learning how to grip a baseball in a way that resulted in an exceptional curveball (or knuckle curve), which broke radically before reaching the plate.
His three-part given name came from the names of his uncle, his father, and the United States Centennial year of his birth, respectively.
He learned to pitch, as many children did, by aiming rocks at knot-holes on the barn wall and other wooden surfaces.
Brown was a third baseman in semipro baseball in 1898 when his team's pitcher failed to appear for a game and Brown was put in to pitch.
After a spectacular minor league career commencing in Terre Haute of the Three-I League in 1901, Brown came to the majors rather late, at age 26, in 1903, and lasted until 1916 when he was close to 40.
New York Giants manager John McGraw regarded his own Christy Mathewson and Brown as the two best pitchers in the National League.
In fact, Brown defeated Mathewson in competition as often as not, most significantly in the final regular season game of the 1908 season.
Brown's most important single game effort was the pennant-deciding contest between the Cubs and the New York Giants on October 8, 1908, at New York.
With Mathewson starting for the Giants, Cubs starter Jack Pfiester got off to a weak start and was quickly relieved by Brown, who held the Giants in check the rest of the way as the Cubs prevailed 4–2, to win the pennant.
The Cubs then went on to win their second consecutive World Series championship, their last until 2016, a span of 108 years.
However, Brown continued to play, signing with the Louisville Colonels, who traded him to the Cincinnati Reds for the 1913 season.
Brown was dismissed as manager in August, then finished the season with the Brooklyn Tip-Tops, and was rumored to retire again in October 1914.
Brown and Mathewson wrapped their respective careers by squaring off on September 4, 1916, in the second game of a Labor Day doubleheader.
The game was billed as the final meeting between the two old baseball warriors, and would turn out to be the final game in each of their careers.
Brown finished his major league career with a 239–130 record, 1375 strikeouts, and a 2.06 ERA, the third best ERA in Major League Baseball history amongst players inducted into the Hall of Fame, after Ed Walsh and Addie Joss.
He took some pride in his hitting, and had a fair batting average for a pitcher, compiling a career .206 batting average (235-for-1143) with 93 runs, 2 home runs and 73 RBI.
Following his retirement from the majors, he returned to his home in Terre Haute, where he continued to pitch in the minor leagues and in exhibition games for more than a decade, as well as coaching and managing.
According to his biography, in an exhibition game against the famous House of David touring team in 1928, at the age of 51, he pitched three innings as a favor to the local team, and struck out all nine batters he faced.
From 1920 to 1945, Brown ran a filling station in Terre Haute that also served as a town gathering place and an unofficial museum.
The Barcelona chair is a chair designed by Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, for the German Pavilion at the International Exposition of 1929, hosted by Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
The frame was initially designed to be bolted together, but was redesigned in 1950 using stainless steel, which allowed the frame to be formed by a seamless piece of metal, giving it a smoother appearance.
The form is thought to be extrapolated from Roman folding chairs known as the Curule chair upholstered stools used by Roman aristocracy.
The vox humana is intended to evoke the impression of a singing choir or soloist, though the success of this intent depends as much upon the acoustics of the room in which the organ speaks as it does the voicing of the pipes.
It is almost invariably at 8′ pitch, though on theater organs it is not uncommon to encounter a chorus of vox humana stops at 8′ and 4′ pitch, with the addition of a 16′ acting as a pedal stop.
It is common on French classical organs in the 17th and 18th centuries, where it was used as a solo voice.
French organs in the 19th and 20th centuries almost invariably featured a voix humaine in the Récit (the most commonly enclosed division of the French romantic organ), though by this time the literature had evolved and it was used to play rich, harmonic chordal progressions.
Many American organs built in the romantic style include a vox humana in order to facilitate the playing of this literature.
Today, most builders construct vox humana pipes in approximately the same way, though the scaling will vary between builders and according to the tonal style in which the organ is designed.
The Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, also known as Brutinel's Brigade or the Brutinel Brigade, was the first fully motorized unit of the Canadian Army.
The Brigade was originally equipped with eight Armoured Autocars mounting two Colt Model 1914 machine guns (later replaced with the standard British Vickers MG) manufactured by Autocar in Ardmore, Pennsylvania.
With the new unit Brutinel's force consisted of the 1st and 2nd Motor Machine Gun Brigade (each of 5x8 gun batteries), Canadian Cyclist battalion, one section of medium trench-mortars mounted on lorries (plus an assumed wireless and medical support).
The term Schiff base is normally applied to these compounds when they are being used as ligands to form coordination complexes with metal ions.
Such complexes occur naturally, for instance in corrin, but the majority of Schiff bases are artificial and are used to form many important catalysts, such as Jacobsen's catalyst.
Schiff bases can be synthesized from an aliphatic or aromatic amine and a carbonyl compound by nucleophilic addition forming a hemiaminal, followed by a dehydration to generate an imine.
Schiff bases are common enzymatic intermediates where an amine, such as the terminal group of a lysine residue, reversibly reacts with an aldehyde or ketone of a cofactor or substrate.
Similarly, the cofactor retinal forms a Schiff base in rhodopsins, including human rhodopsin (via Lysine 296), which is key in the photoreception mechanism.
This abundant mineral naturally has a structure of rolled nanosheets (nanotubes), which can support both the synthesis and the metal nanocluster products.
The term can also refer to the control that operates this mechanism, commonly called a stop tab, stop knob, or drawknob.
The term is also sometimes used as a synonym for register, referring to rank(s) of pipes controlled by a single stop.
The mechanism for operating the stops varies widely, but the principle is the same: the stop control at the console allows the organist to select which ranks of pipes will sound when a key is pressed.
When the organist desires a rank to sound, they operate the corresponding control at the console, allowing wind to flow to the pipes.
One stop knob will control the upper portion of the keyboard, and the other will control the lower portion of the keyboard.
This arrangement allows the upper portion of the keyboard to sound a different registration than the lower portion, which lends a greater versatility to smaller organs, especially those with only one manual.
Ranks which are neither divided nor extended (see below Unification, borrowing and extension) generally contain as many pipes as there are keys on the keyboard to which they are assigned: in most cases 61 pipes for a rank assigned to a manual and 32 pipes for a rank assigned to the pedal.
Over the course of the history of the pipe organ, there have been several different designs by which stops are actuated.
When the stop is set such that pipes are inactive, the holes are misaligned with the pipes, preventing the air from flowing up into the pipes above.
When the stop is set such that the pipes are active, the slider moves over, aligning the holes with the pipes, allowing air to reach them.
For example, an 8′ Gedeckt may also be made available as a 4′ Gedeckt, either on the same or a different manual.
When both of these stops are selected and a key (for example, C) is pressed, two pipes of the same rank will sound: the pipe normally corresponding to the key played (C), and the pipe one octave above that (C).
Unification and borrowing (duplexing) is mostly related to pipe organs with physical pipes; however, some (older) electronic organs also used unification and duplexing to expand the tonal resources of a limited number of synthesized virtual ranks.
While unification and extension increase the tonal resources and flexibility of the organ, greater care needs to be taken by the organist in registering the organ, particularly when the composition requires many notes to sound at the same time.
As an example, the octave (4′) diapason is generally of a smaller scale and softer than the corresponding 8′ diapason rank, whereas in unification they would be of the same strength due to using the same set of pipes.
Straight reed choruses (16′, 8′ and 4′) have the luxury of ranks with different timbres, whereas a unified reed chorus has voices that are identical.
Playing with all stops out on a heavily unified/duplexed organ may result in chords that sound thinner or emphasize higher harmonics on some notes more than others, due to notes in different octaves using the same pipes instead of having their own.
Borrowing between manuals occurs in English organs from about 1700, but extension of pipe ranks for the purpose of borrowing at different pitches is a relatively recent development.
Extension and unification are heavily used in theatre organs to produce the maximum number of voices from a minimal number of pipes.
Traditionally, less use has been made of extension in large church organs and those designed for classical music, with authorities tending to regard borrowing in general and extension in particular as things to be avoided if possible, except in a few cases where space for pipes is limited, making extension and/or unification necessary.
Borrowing 16' manual ranks for the pedal division is more widely employed because of the expense and space requirements of 16' stops and the versatility this allows.
In a rank of stopped pipes, the lowest pipe is about 4 feet long, but because it sounds at unison pitch, it is also known as an 8′ stop.
Conversely, a 16′ stop speaks one octave below an 8' stop; and a 32′ stop speaks one octave below a 16′ stop.
A typical and distinctive sound of the organ is the cornet, composed of a flute and ranks making up its first four overtones, sounding 8′, 4′, ′ (labeled 3′ on some German and Swedish organs), 2′, and ′ (or ′ on some German organs).
For example, a stop labeled ′ (or one-third of 8′) has three times the frequency; i.e, the interval of a twelfth above unison pitch.
Mutations usually sound at pitches in the harmonic series of the fundamental, and except when derived from unified ranks, are always tuned pure.
A cornet will always contain the fifth and major third, and, depending on the number of ranks, may contain octaves, and more rarely the minor seventh, and ninth.
Pipe ranks have particular names, which depend on a number of factors ranging from the physical and tone attributes of the pipes in that rank, to the country and era in which the organ was manufactured, to the pipes' physical location within the organ.
Within each division, flues are listed before reeds, then low to high pitch, then louder to softer stops within a pitch level.
They are commonly designed to imitate orchestral or band instruments, or to imitate non-musical sounds (for instance, thunder), or to produce unique sounds (for instance, zimbelstern).
In Greece, all universities are publicly owned and funded having state-accredited university title and authorization of university degree awarding powers at level 6 (first cycle qualification, bachelor's level) under the Bologna Process and the National Qualification Framework of Greece which is officially named Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF; ).
The power to award Greek university degrees is regulated by law and it is an offence for an institution to award a Greece university degree if it is not public and state-owned.
The State University System of Greece is on a term system, having two semesters per academic calendar year, shares a common national academic curriculum set forth by the Ministry of Education.
Higher education institutions' (HEIs; ) undergraduate programmes in Greece are government funded and have free education without any payment of tuition fee.
First, a four year (previously three and a half) cycle of study at EQF 6 to attain a bachelor's degree or equivalent ().
A second cycle of study follows at EQF 7 lasting one or two years to attain a master's degree () or equivalent, which is distinguished from a postgraduate diploma, typically having 120 ECTS, as opposed to a full master's degree which usually has 180.
The undergraduate programme of study for most disciplines is four years with awarded qualification in line with the Bologna process legal equivalent to a bachelor's degree, 240 ECTS, at level 6 of Greece's National Qualification Framework (NQF), European Qualifications Framework (EQF), or International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).
The integrated master's degree is a specialized degree corresponding to a master-level degree which has integrated part of an undergraduate degree.
It is also called an undergraduate master's degree, where instead of studying for two separate degrees, a student will study for a single, longer programme.
The most common integrated master's is in engineering, for example a Dipl.-Eng or Dip.Arch.Eng/M.Arch, and also others along with some programmes in the fine arts.
In addition to earning an academic degree in specific disciplines only, state license is required to work within the country of Greece, and some disciplines have further licensing requirements to bestow a recognized appellation (chartered accountant, attorney at law, doctor of medicine, etc.).
professional degree), a period of apprenticeship/internship time working under supervision, special exams such as state practice exams, and/or registration with a professional body.
The following table summarizes Greek university rankings from the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, including universities which have integrated former technological education institutes.
Technological educational institutes (TEIs; ) was a classification of Greek public HEIs from 1983 to 2019, also called technological institutes, institutes of technology, and universities of applied sciences.
The undergraduate degree programmes consisted of four years and 240 ECTS-credits, previously a three and a half years and 210 credits, in line with the Bologna Process equivalent to a Level 6 ISCED bachelor's degree; the postgraduate degree programmes were one-and-a-half years full-time or three years part-time with 90 credits and awarded qualification equivalent to a master's degree, ISCED 7.
Cadets are not referred to as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors but instead fourth class, third class, second class, and first class cadets, respectively.
Upon graduation, all cadets become commissioned as second lieutenants, entry-level rank, and are employed in the Hellenic Armed Forces for a compulsory minimum term of duty service.
In Greece, private colleges are not considered universities and are not recognized as HEIs or degree-awarding bodies by the Greek government.
This prohibits private companies from operating post-secondary education that provides studies at Level 6 and higher on the Greek Qualifications Framework.
Generally, any individual who wants to found a college in Greece must obtain a Higher Education Accreditation by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education () and a license by the Ministry of Education, but has no obligation to become a participatory member of HCA.
The vast majority of colleges are offering programmes of study under franchise or validation agreements with universities established in other European Union countries, primarily in the UK, leading to degrees which are awarded directly by those universities.
Pursuant to the Greek current constitutional prohibition of Article 16Σ of Greek Parliament (Constitution of Greece - The Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes Resolves.
As revised by the parliamentary resolution of May 27th 2008 of the VIII Revisionary Parliament), do not academically recognize in Greece all university qualification titles have been awarded by private colleges in Greece after completion studies have been taken place in Greece either by cooperating universities from foreign countries.
The university study titles have been awarded from universities of foreign countries after completion studies have been taken place by cooperating private colleges in Greece, even they recognized in regards professional rights in Greece, do not accept from Greek universities to continue studies for the obtainment postgraduate (level 7 ISCED) or doctoral qualification (level 8 ISCED).
One example of a college which neither operating as a franchise nor was validated through arrangements in the UK was the University of Indianapolis – Athens Campus, which ceased operations in July 2014.
By contrast, this college was wholly owned and operated by its home campus, and is therefore accredited by the same agency which accredits the home campus.
Recognition of professional equivalence permits access to a specific economic activity that the title-holder can exercise on the same rules, rights, terms as holders of comparable titles of Greece HEIs education system.
Recognition of professional degree rights in Greece can only be granted by the Greek Council for the Recognition of Professional Qualifications () of the Ministry of Education, as of the 2005 Directive of the European Parliament and Council, implemented domestically by a presidential decree in 2010.
The Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education (HQAA; ), established by Law 3374/2005, keeps the competent bodies of the state and the HEIs informed on current international developments and relevant issues.
QAU meetings are chaired by the Vice-Rector or Vice-President of Academic Affairs of the relevant HEI and representatives of the staff and students take part in the QAU.
The internal evaluation is carried out with the responsibility of each academic unit (faculty or department) in cooperation with the Quality Assurance Unit.
The academic units appoint Internal Evaluation Groups or Special Evaluation Groups (if undergraduate or postgraduate programmes are separately evaluated) and these groups compile the Internal Evaluation Report and submit it to the Quality Assurance Unit of the institution.
The evaluation is carried out by the External Evaluation Committee, which consists of five members from an HQAA register of independent experts.
The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of lower northern, central, and southern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico), located on the west coast of North America.
Most of the population of California and Baja California lives in these ecoregions, which includes the San Francisco Bay Area, Ventura County, the Greater Los Angeles Area, San Diego County, and Tijuana.
The California Central Valley grasslands ecoregion, as well as the coniferous Sierra Nevada forests, Northern California coastal forests, and Klamath-Siskiyou forests of northern California and southwestern Oregon, share many plant and animal affinities with the California chaparral and woodlands.
Many botanists consider the California chaparral and woodlands, Sierra Nevada forests, Klamath-Siskiyou forests, and Northern California coastal forests as a single California Floristic Province, excluding the deserts of eastern California, which belong to other floristic provinces.
Many Bioregionalists, including poet Gary Snyder, identify the central and northern Coast Ranges, Klamath-Siskiyou, the Central Valley, and Sierra Nevada as the Shasta Bioregion or the Alta California Bioregion.
Chaparral, like most Mediterranean shrublands, is highly fire resilient and historically burned with high-severity, stand replacing events every 30 to 100 years.
Today, frequent accidental ignitions can convert chaparral from a native shrubland to nonnative annual grassland and drastically reduce species diversity, especially under global-change-type drought.
The historical fire return interval for chaparral communities used to be 30-50 years, but has now decreased to 5-10 years due to human interference.
The region has been heavily affected by grazing, logging, dams and water diversions, and intensive agriculture and urbanization, as well as competition by numerous introduced or exotic plant and animal species.
The phrase 'balanced scorecard' primarily refers to a performance management report used by a management team, and typically this team is focused on managing the implementation of a strategy or operational activities – in a recent survey 62% of respondents reported using Balanced Scorecard for strategy implementation management, 48% for operational management.
Balanced Scorecard is also used by individuals to track personal performance, but this is uncommon – only 17% of respondents in the survey using Balanced Scorecard in this way, however it is clear from the same survey that a larger proportion (about 30%) use corporate Balanced Scorecard elements to inform personal goal setting and incentive calculations.
Balanced scorecard is an example of a closed-loop controller or cybernetic control applied to the management of the implementation of a strategy.
The measured value is compared to a reference value and based on the difference between the two corrective interventions are made as required.
Within the strategy management context, all three of these characteristic closed-loop control elements need to be derived from the organisation's strategy and also need to reflect the ability of the observer to monitor performance and subsequently intervene – both of which may be constrained.
Two of the ideas that underpin modern balanced scorecard designs concern making it easier to select which data to observe, and ensuring that the choice of data is consistent with the ability of the observer to intervene.
One such system was created by Art Schneiderman in 1987 at Analog Devices, a mid-sized semi-conductor company; the Analog Devices Balanced Scorecard.
In 1990 Art Schneiderman participated in an unrelated research study led by Robert S. Kaplan in conjunction with US management consultancy Nolan-Norton, and during this study described his work on performance measurement.
Kaplan and Norton's article wasn't the only paper on the topic published in early 1992 but the 1992 Kaplan and Norton paper was a popular success, and was quickly followed by a second in 1993.
These articles and the first book spread knowledge of the concept of balanced scorecard widely, and has led to Kaplan and Norton being seen as the creators of the concept.
Management historians such as Alfred Chandler suggest the origins of performance management can be seen in the emergence of the complex organisation – most notably during the 19th Century in the USA.
None of these influences is explicitly linked to in the original descriptions of balanced scorecard by Schneiderman, Maisel, or Kaplan & Norton.
The book reflects the earliest incarnations of balanced scorecards – effectively restating the concept as described in the second Harvard Business Review article.
As the title of Kaplan and Norton's second book highlights, even by 2000 the focus of attention among thought-leaders was moving from the design of Balanced Scorecards themselves, towards the use of Balanced Scorecard as a focal point within a more comprehensive strategic management system.
Subsequent writing on Balanced Scorecard by Kaplan & Norton has focused on uses of Balanced Scorecard rather than its design (e.g.
The characteristic feature of the balanced scorecard and its derivatives is the presentation of a mixture of financial and non-financial measures each compared to a 'target' value within a single concise report.
The report is not meant to be a replacement for traditional financial or operational reports but a succinct summary that captures the information most relevant to those reading it.
It is the method by which this 'most relevant' information is determined (i.e., the design processes used to select the content) that most differentiates the various versions of the tool in circulation.
The first versions of Kaplan and Norton's interpretation of the balanced scorecard asserted that relevance should derive from the corporate strategy, and proposed design methods that focused on choosing measures and targets associated with the main activities required to implement the strategy.
As the initial audience for this were the readers of the Harvard Business Review, the proposal was translated into a form that made sense to a typical reader of that journal – managers of US commercial businesses.
These categories were not so relevant to public sector or non-profit organisations, or units within complex organizations (which might have high degrees of internal specialization), and much of the early literature on balanced scorecard focused on suggestions of alternative 'perspectives' that might have more relevance to these groups(e.g.
Modern balanced scorecards have evolved since the initial ideas proposed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the modern performance management tools including Balanced Scorecard are significantly improved – being more flexible (to suit a wider range of organisational types) and more effective (as design methods have evolved to make them easier to design, and use).
Since the balanced scorecard was popularized in the early 1990s, a large number of alternatives to the original 'four box' balanced scorecard promoted by Kaplan and Norton in their various articles and books have emerged.
Most have very limited application, and are typically proposed either by academics as vehicles for expanding the dialogue beyond the financial bottom line – e.g.
Many of the structural variations proposed are broadly similar, and a research paper published in 2004 attempted to identify a pattern in these alternatives – noting three distinct types of variation.
Broadly, the original 'measures in four boxes' type design (as initially proposed by Kaplan & Norton) constitutes the 1st generation balanced scorecard design; balanced scorecard designs that include a 'strategy map' or 'strategic linkage model' (e.g.
Examples of the focus of such adaptations include the triple bottom line, decision support, public sector management, and health care management.
The performance management elements of the UN's Results Based Management system have strong design and structural similarities to those used in the 3rd Generation Balanced Scorecard design approach.
Balanced scorecard is also used to support the payments of incentives to individuals, even though it was not designed for this purpose and is not particularly suited to it.
Design of a balanced scorecard is about the identification of a small number of financial and non-financial measures and attaching targets to them, so that when they are reviewed it is possible to determine whether current performance 'meets expectations'.
By alerting managers to areas where performance deviates from expectations, they can be encouraged to focus their attention on these areas, and hopefully as a result trigger improved performance within the part of the organization they lead.
The original thinking behind a balanced scorecard was for it to be focused on information relating to the implementation of a strategy, and over time there has been a blurring of the boundaries between conventional strategic planning and control activities and those required to design a balanced scorecard.
These steps go far beyond the simple task of identifying a small number of financial and non-financial measures, but illustrate the requirement for whatever design process is used to fit within broader thinking about how the resulting balanced scorecard will integrate with the wider business management process.
Although it helps focus managers' attention on strategic issues and the management of the implementation of strategy, it is important to remember that the balanced scorecard itself has no role in the formation of strategy.
The idea was that managers used these perspective headings to prompt the selection of a small number of measures that informed on that aspect of the organisation's strategic performance.
The perspective headings show that Kaplan and Norton were thinking about the needs of non-divisional commercial organisations in their initial design.
These categories were not so relevant to public sector or non-profit organisations, or units within complex organizations (which might have high degrees of internal specialization), and much of the early literature on balanced scorecard focused on suggestions of alternative 'perspectives' that might have more relevance to these groups(e.g.
These suggestions were notably triggered by a recognition that different but equivalent headings would yield alternative sets of measures, and this represents the major design challenge faced with this type of balanced scorecard design: justifying the choice of measures made.
These issues contribute to dis-satisfaction with early Balanced Scorecard designs, since if users are not confident that the measures within the Balanced Scorecard are well chosen, they will have less confidence in the information it provides.
In short, first generation balanced scorecards are hard to design in a way that builds confidence that they are well designed.
A balanced scorecard of strategic performance measures is then derived directly by selecting one or two measures for each strategic objective.
This type of approach provides greater contextual justification for the measures chosen, and is generally easier for managers to work through.
In practice it ignored the fact that opportunities to intervene, to influence strategic goals are, and need to be, anchored in current and real management activity.
It was quickly realized that if a Destination Statement was created at the beginning of the design process, then it was easier to select strategic activity and outcome objectives to respond to it.
Design methods for balanced scorecards continue to evolve and adapt to reflect the deficiencies in the currently used methods, and the particular needs of communities of interest (e.g.
NGO's and government departments have found the third generation methods embedded in results-based management more useful than first or second generation design methods).
In 1997, Kurtzman found that 64 percent of the companies questioned were measuring performance from a number of perspectives in a similar way to the balanced scorecard.
Balanced scorecards have been implemented by government agencies, military units, business units and corporations as a whole, non-profit organizations, and schools.
Balanced scorecard has been widely adopted, and consistently has been found to be the most popular performance management framework in a widely respected annual survey (e.g.
Theorists have argued from the earliest days of discussion of Balanced Scorecard usage that much of the benefit of the balanced scorecard comes from the design process itself.
Indeed, it is argued that many failures in the early days of balanced scorecard could be attributed to this problem, in that early balanced scorecards were often designed remotely by consultants – it is suggested that by not being involved in the design, the relevant managers who were to use the device did not trust, and so failed to engage with and use the devices.
In response to these concerns there have been many studies seeking to provide (retrospective) academic underpinnings for the Balanced Scorecard concept, and to provide case study and validation information for the various design generations.
There are relatively few reliable assessments of the effectiveness of the approaches embodied in Balanced Scorecard, but some studies demonstrate a link between the use of balanced scorecards and better decision making or improved financial performance of companies.
Broadcast surveys of usage have difficulties in this respect, due to the wide variations in definition of 'what a balanced scorecard is' (making it hard to work out in a survey if you are comparing like with like).
Single organization case studies suffer from the 'lack of a control' issue common to any study of organizational change – what the organization would have achieved if the change had not been made isn't known, so it is difficult to attribute changes observed over time to a single intervention (such as introducing a balanced scorecard).
It is important to recognize that the balanced scorecard by definition is not a complex thing – typically no more than about 20 measures spread across a mix of financial and non-financial topics, and easily reported manually (on paper, or using simple office software).
The processes of collecting, reporting, and distributing balanced scorecard information can be labor-intensive and prone to procedural problems (for example, getting all relevant people to return the information required by the required date).
The simplest mechanism to use is to delegate these activities to an individual, and many Balanced Scorecards are reported via ad-hoc methods based around email, phone calls and office software.
In more complex organizations, where there are multiple balanced scorecards to report and/or a need for co-ordination of results between balanced scorecards (for example, if one level of reports relies on information collected and reported at a lower level) the use of individual reporters is problematic.
Ontario came into being as a province of Canada in 1867 but historians use the term to cover its entire history.
The Solovki special camp (later the Solovki special prison), was set up in 1923 on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea as a remote and inaccessible place of detention, primarily intended for socialist opponents of Soviet Russia's new Bolshevik regime.
This was the nucleus from which the entire Gulag grew, thanks to its proximity to the first great construction project of the Five-Year Plans, the White Sea - Baltic Canal.
In one way, Solovki and the White Sea Canal broke a basic rule of the Gulag: they were both far too close to the border.
This facilitated a number of daring escapes in the 1920s; as war loomed in the late 1930s it led to the closure of the Solovki special prison.
It was a centre of economic activity with over three hundred monks, and also a forepost of Russian naval power in the North, repelling foreign attacks during the Time of Troubles, the Crimean War, and the Russian Civil War.
Its remote situation made escape almost impossible and in Tsarist times the monastery had been used, on occasion, as a political prison by the Russian imperial administration.
After a thorough clean-up, the Soviet government sent the proletarian writer Maxim Gorky there in an attempt to counter this negative publicity.
He wrote a very favourable essay, which praised the beauty of nature on the islands, but some authors believe he understood the real conditions he was witnessing.
The exact number of prisoners sent to Solovki from 1923 to the closure of its penitentiary facilities in 1939 is unknown.
In the early 1930s, many of the prisoners from the camp worked on the notorious White Sea – Baltic Canal, one of a succession of grandiose schemes devised by Stalin.
Between 11 August 1937 to 24 December 1938, as part of Stalin's Great Purge, over 9,500 victims of Soviet political repressions were shot and buried on the mainland at Sandarmokh, not far from Medvezhyegorsk and the first two locks of the canal.
It is now known that they were shot on the mainland in late October and early November 1937; subsequent quotas for execution came too late in the year to sail across the White Sea and were shot on the islands, near Sekirnaya Hill.
All but five of the 1,116 prisoners sent from Solovki across the White Sea on 27 October 1937 were executed by NKVD Captain and senior executioner Mikhail Matveyev at Sandarmokh between that date and 10 November 1937, when he reported his task complete.
A further transport was prepared to sail to the mainland for execution, but it was too late in the year to cross the frozen sea.
She was due to be shot with the others on 17 February 1938, but was allowed to give birth, then shot three months later on 16 May, aged 28.
The buildings were transformed into a naval base and a cadet corps was deployed there (one of its students was the future author Valentin Pikul).
In June of that year, the first Days of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression were held on the islands; in subsequent years this event would take place in August.
In January 2016 the Gulag section in the Solovki Museum was closed by its new director, Vladimir Shutov who, as Archimandrite Porfiry, was head of the monastery.
Early in 2018, a court in the Arkhangelsk Region heard an unsuccessful plea by Archimandrite Porfiry to annul a contract concluded in 2011 with the head of the now disbanded Gulag section of the museum and evict its former head, Olga Bochkaryova, and her daughter from their two-room apartment.
In the 1920s many of those sent to Solovki were released, but often arrested and imprisoned (or exiled) a second time.
Naftaly Frenkel was a prisoner on Solovki who became a leading cadre in the security services during the First Five-Year Plan.
There his sentence was reduced and in 1927, he was released and appointed head of production at SLON before being sent as representative of the camp to Moscow in 1929.
The mass shooting on Solovki in 1929 described by Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov (it forms a key episode in Marina Goldovskaya's 1987 film) was a sign of the harshening regime.
Many of those on Solovki later in the 1930s fell victim to Stalin's Great Purge and were shot, either in autumn 1937 at Sandarmokh or on Solovki in February 1938.
I told him so that day at breakfast...[However] It is impossible to send him to Solovki for the simple reason that he has resided for the past hundred-odd years in places considerably more remote than Solovki, and, I assure you, it is quite impossible to get him out of there.
George Edward Creel (December 1, 1876 – October 2, 1953) was an investigative journalist and writer, a politician and government official.
He served as the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.
Creel was born on December 1, 1876 in Lafayette County, Missouri, to Henry Clay Creel and Virginia Fackler Creel, who had three sons, Wylie, George, and Richard Henry (Hal).
His father came to Missouri from Parkersburg, Virginia and bought land in Osage County, Missouri; he was college educated, and served in Virginia legislature.
A captain of the Confederate States Army during the Civil War, he did not succeed in the Missouri post-war economy as a farmer and rancher.
She provided for her family by keeping a boarding house in Kansas City and by sewing and keeping a large garden in Odessa, Missouri.
All her children became productive members of society: Wylie Creel, a businessman; George, a journalist and writer; and Richard, a doctor, who served as Assistant Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service.
His alcoholic father did not leave as deep an impression on Creel as did his mother, who inspired his passion for women's suffrage.
The family moved frequently around west-central Missouri in Creel's early years, living for a time in Wheatland, Hickory County, Missouri then Kansas City before finally settling in Odessa, Missouri in 1888.
In 1891, the then fifteen-year-old Creel ran away from home for a year, supporting himself by working at a succession of county fairs across Missouri and at odd jobs when available.
Despite his resistance and rebellion, Creel did manage to receive some formal schooling, while attending Kansas City Central High School, Odessa High School, and Odessa College for one year in Odessa, Missouri.
He was eventually fired because he felt it was wrong to discuss a wealthy man's daughter eloping with her coachman in the paper and apparently his editors didn't agree.
After his termination, he was given a free train pass to Chicago by a well-wisher, and then hopped a cattle train to New York earning his fare by tending stock.
Reformer John F. Shafroth, a native of Fayette, Missouri and an acquaintance of Creel's, had been elected Colorado's governor in 1908.
He gained national publicity by calling for the lynching of 11 senators who opposed the public ownership of Denver's water company.
Creel immediately used the office to launch several ambitious reform campaigns, such as ordering police officers to give up their clubs and nightsticks, as well as a campaign to destroy the red-light district in downtown Denver, while providing a tax-funded rehabilitation farm for women leaving prostitution.
Seven days after the United States entered World War I in April 1917, Woodrow Wilson created the Committee on Public Information, a propaganda agency acting to release government news, to sustain morale in the US, to administer voluntary press censorship, and to develop propaganda abroad.
George Creel was named the head of the committee, and he created 37 distinct divisions, most notably the Division of Pictorial Publicity, the Four Minute Men Division, the News Division, and the Censorship Board.
The Division of Pictorial Publicity was staffed by hundreds of the nation's most talented artists, and they created over 1000 designs for paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures that instilled patriotism, fear, and interest in the war efforts.
Through the Four Minute Men division, roughly 75,000 civilian volunteers spoke to 314 million people over the span of 18 months on topics assigned by the CPI, like the draft, rationing, bond drives, and victory gardens.
These civilian volunteers spoke at social events in places like movie theaters and fellowship halls for four minutes, which was the time it took to change a movie reel and the time believed to be a human's attention span.
The guidelines set forth by Creel directed the volunteers to fill their speeches with facts and appeals to emotions to bolster public support for the war efforts.
Between the News Division and Censorship Committee, Creel and the CPI were able to control the flow of official war information.
Such a massive, offensive, and multifaceted campaign had never been undertaken before, and the CPI brought to light the power of mass persuasion and social influence at a national level – realizations that had a profound effect on the field of public relations.
Many of the 20th century's most influential public relations practitioners were trained under Creel on the committee, including Edward Bernays and Carl R. Byoir.
He was an active member of the Democratic Party and ran against the left-wing novelist Upton Sinclair in the 1934 California gubernatorial election.
The band played with touring blues piano player Champion Jack Dupree, often supporting Fleetwood Mac and other gigs with Fleetwood Mac co-founder Peter Green.
Both albums showcased the band's blues- and soul-influenced sound, a style that was in contrast to some of their progressive and heavier counterparts at the time.
The band played the Isle of Wight festival to both audience and critical acclaim, and sellout tours in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Japan followed.
Kossoff died on a flight from Los Angeles to New York on 19 March 1976 from a pulmonary embolism after a blood clot in his leg moved to his lung, while touring America with Bad Company.
One of Kossoff's guitars, a 1957 Fender Stratocaster, was bought after his death by Dave Murray of the band Iron Maiden; he used it from 1978 to 1990.
In 2012, one of his most famous and iconic guitars, a 1959 Gibson Les Paul, was made into a limited edition reissue by Gibson.
Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid-base reaction.
An example is the HO (water) molecule, which can gain a proton to form the hydronium ion, HO, or lose a proton, leaving the hydroxide ion, OH.
When the compound is not particularly acidic, and, as such, the molecule does not give up its proton easily, a base stronger than the commonly known hydroxides is required.
The hydrogen is dangerous and could ignite with the oxygen in the air, so the chemical procedure should be done in an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen).
Knapdale () forms a rural district of Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands, adjoining Kintyre to the south, and divided from the rest of Argyll to the north by the Crinan Canal.
The area is bounded by sea to the east and west (Loch Fyne and the Sound of Jura respectively), whilst the sea loch of West Loch Tarbert almost completely cuts off the area from Kintyre to the south.
Knapdale gives its name to the Knapdale National Scenic Area, one of the forty national scenic areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development.
The designated area covers 32,832 ha in total, of which 20,821 ha is on land, with a further 12,011 ha being marine (i.e.
The A83 runs up the eastern coastline of the area between Tarbert and Lochgilphead; the B8024 also links these two places (which lie outwith Knapdale), but does so via a much longer route along the north shore of West Loch Tarbert and the western coast of South Knapdale.
Most of the western coastline of North Knapdale is accessible by two unclassified roads, although there is a gap between Kilmory and Ellary where the route is not public road.
Alongside Stob Odhar two other summits within Knapdale are categorised as Marilyns: Cruach Lusach (467 m) and Cnoc Reamhar (265 m), however there are no summits above 600 m in the area.
The United Kingdom Census 2001 reported a population of 2345 people in South Knapdale and 491 in North Knapdale, a total of 2836 for the district.
This represents a slight increase over the 1991 figure of 2704, when there were 439 people living in North Knapdale, and 2265 in South Knapdale.
Census figures for the 19th and 20th centuries show a continuing and steady decline of population in North Knapdale, from a peak of around 2700 in 1825 to under 500 in 1950.
Possible boundary changes make historic comparisons for South Knapdale less certain, but this part of the region appears not to have suffered the same depopulation as the north, and even modest growth, a rise from around 1750 in 1801 to around 2700 in 1901.
In the early first millennium, following an Irish invasion, Gaelic peoples colonised the surrounding area, establishing the kingdom of Dál Riata.
The latter was divided into a handful of regions, controlled by particular kin groups, of which the most powerful, the Cenél nGabráin, ruled over Knapdale, along with Kintyre, the region between Loch Awe and Loch Fyne (Craignish, Ardscotnish, Glassary, and Glenary), Arran, and Moyle (in Ulster).
This Gaelic kingdom thrived for a few centuries, but was ultimately was destroyed when Norse Vikings invaded, and established their own domain, spreading more extensively over the islands north and west of the mainland.
Malcolm, the king of Scotland, responded with a written agreement, accepting that Magnus' had sovereign authority of over all the western lands that Magnus could encircle by boat.
When Malcolm was killed in battle a short time later, Donalbain invaded, seized the Scottish kingdom, and displaced Malcolm's sons from the throne; on becoming king, Donalbain confirmed Magnus' gains.
Donalbain's apparent keenness to do this, however, weakened his support among the nobility, and Malcolm's son, Duncan, was able to depose him.
A few years later, following a rebellion against Magnus' authority in the Isles, he launched another, fiercer, expedition to re-assert his authority.
In 1098, being aware of Magnus' ferocity, the new Scottish king, Edgar (another son of Malcolm), quitclaimed to Magnus all sovereign authority over the isles, and the whole Kintyre peninsula - including Knapdale.
In the mid 12th century, Somerled, the husband of Godred Crovan's granddaughter, led a successful coup, and seized the kingship of the Isles.
During the later part of this century, Knapdale was evidently possessed by Suibhne, eponym of both Castle Sween and the MacSweens.
In 1262, following increasing hostility between Norway and Scotland, the Scots forced Suibhne's heir, Dubhghall, to give up his lands - including Knapdale - to Walter Stewart, Earl of Menteith.
Nevertheless, following Hákon's death later that year, Magnús Hákonarson, King of Norway ceded the Suðreyjar to Alexander III, King of Scotland, by way of the Treaty of Perth, in return for a very large sum of money.
At the end of the century, a dispute arose over the Scottish kingship between John Balliol and Robert de Bruys; the MacSweens backed John, hoping to recover Knapdale, the MacDougalls also took John's side, while the MacDonalds and MacRory backed de Bruys.
When de Bruys defeated John, he declared the MacDougall lands forfeit, and gave them to the MacDonalds; the MacSweens largely became gallowglass mercenaries in Ireland.
The head of the MacDonald family married the heir of the MacRory family, thereby acquiring the remaining share Somerled's realm, and transforming it into the Lordship of the Isles, which lasted for over a century.
After 4 years and 3 children, he divorced Amy, and married Margaret, the daughter of Robert II, the Scottish king, who gave him Knapdale as a dowry.
In 1462, however, John, the then Lord of the Isles, plotted with the English king to conquer Scotland; civil war in England delayed the discovery of this for a decade.
Upon the discovery, in 1475, there was a call for forfeiture, but a year John calmed the matter, by quitclaiming Ross (Easter, Wester, and Skye), Kintyre, and Knapdale, to Scotland.
In shrieval terms, Knapdale was initially served by the Sheriff of Perth; 5 years later, however, it was transferred to Tarbertshire.
When the comital powers were abolished by the Heritable Jurisdictions Act, provincial Knapdale ceased to exist, and the term came to exclusively refer to the present district, south of Lochgilphead.
In 1899, counties were formally created, on shrieval boundaries, by a Scottish Local Government Act; the district of Knapdale - together with the rest of the former province - therefore became part of the County of Argyll.
During the 1930s, the Ministry of Labour supplied the men from among the unemployed, many coming from the crisis-hit mining and heavy industry communities of the Central Belt.
They were housed in one of a number of Instructional Centres created by the Ministry, most of them on Forestry Commission property; by 1938, the Ministry had 38 Instructional Centres across Britain.
The hutted camp in Knapdale was located at Cairnbaan, just south of the Crinan Canal, and a surviving building remains in use as a Forestry and Land Scotland workshop.
The two largest private estates are located to either side of Loch Caolisport: the Ellary & Lochead Estate covers acres on the north side of the loch, whilst the Ormsary covers acres on the southern side.
The chapel is home to almost 40 carved stones from the early Christian and Medieval periods, of which the most significant is the eighth century Keills Cross, a free-standing cross similar to those found on Iona.
A grave-slab in the chapel has a carving of a clarsach similar to the Queen Mary Harp currently at the Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, one of only three surviving medieval Gaelic harps.
Further early Christian and Medieval carved stones can also be found at Kilberry, and at the thirteenth century Kilmory Knap Chapel.
Castle Sween, on the shores of Loch Sween, was built in the twelfth century and is one of the oldest castle on the Scottish mainland that can be dated with any certainty.
Four lochs within Knapdale (Loch nan Torran, Loch Fuar-Bheinne, Dubh Loch and Loch Clachaig) are collectively designated as a Special Protection Area due to their importance for breeding black-throated divers.
The inner loch contains maerl beds and burrowed mud, and supports a colony of volcano worm, whilst the sea bed in the more strongly tidal areas at the mouth of Loch Sween is composed of coarser sediments.
Taynish National Nature Reserve is situated within North Knapdale, lying southwest of the village of Tayvallich on the west side of Loch Sween.
The woodlands at Taynish are often described as a 'temperate rainforest', benefiting from the mild and moist climate brought about by the Gulf Stream.
The trial was to be run over five years by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, with Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) monitoring the project.
The first beavers were released in May 2009, although the initial release into the wild of 11 animals received a setback during the first year with the disappearance of two animals and the unproven allegation of the illegal shooting of a third.
The remaining population was increased in 2010 by further releases, and in November 2016, the Scottish Government announced that beavers could remain permanently, and would be given protected status as a native species within Scotland.
Beavers will be allowed to extend their range naturally from Knapdale (and, separately, along the River Tay); however to aid this process and improve the health and resilience of the population a further 28 beavers will be released in Knapdale between 2017 and 2020.
Harold Stanley Ede (7 April 1895 – 15 March 1990), also known as Jim Ede, was a British collector of art and friend to artists.
He was commissioned in September 1914 during the First World War, serving with the South Wales Borderers and the Indian Army.
In 1921, Ede became assistant curator at the National Gallery of British Art (later the Tate Gallery) in London whilst continuing to study part-time at the Slade.
In 1936, Ede tired of fighting the establishment at the Tate and left to live in Morocco, building a house outside Tangiers.
Somewhat ahead of his time, he adopted a minimalist style of interior design advocating plain white-washed walls and the minimum of furniture required to complete a room.
For the next twenty years, he led an itinerant life, writing, broadcasting and lecturing in Europe and America, whilst keeping the house in Morocco as a base.
Returning to England in 1956, Ede converted four cottages in Cambridge as a place to live and display his art collection.
It was part of his philosophy that art should be shared in a relaxed environment; to this end he would hold 'open house', giving personal tours of the collection to students from the University of Cambridge over afternoon tea.
I Like Pumpkins is an illustrated book for young children written and illustrated by children's book author Jerry Smath in which a young girl vividly describes her fondness for pumpkins at Halloween.
Schools have also used the book as a part of interdisciplinary units on pumpkins which may incorporate the planting and growing of pumpkin plants, arts and crafts activities related to pumpkins, or basic mathematics activities that use pumpkins as units for counting or grouping.
Reviewers have suggested that the book may be used by parents or teachers as an introduction to discussion about pumpkins or Halloween.
She describes the many uses of pumpkins that she appreciates, including plastic pumpkins, pumpkins used to hold candy, jack-o-lanterns, pumpkin seeds, and her favorite, pumpkin pie.
The illustrations show her and her mother traveling by car to a pumpkin patch, picking out a pumpkin, and then returning home.
Along the way, they see a number of strange sights, including Frankenstein and his pet purple alligator who are returning home with their own respective pumpkins.
One image shows a fantasy version of the girl's bedroom which is decorated with a pumpkin theme, including a pumpkin-themed headboard for her bed and an alarm clock in the shape of a pumpkin.
The book ends with a series of pumpkin-themed puzzles that ask readers to identify a pumpkin that is different from the others, count which of a set of farmers has the most pumpkins, locate hidden pumpkins in a parade scene, and identify a pumpkin that looks like the little obese monkey in the book.
The archipelago stretches for roughly from the island of Bac Beag in the south towards Cairn na Burgh Beag to the north east.
The largest island in the group is Lunga, which is west of Gometra, southwest of Rubha' a' Chaoil on Mull, south east of Coll, and north west of Staffa.
Little is known of the early history, although these prominent landmarks would have been significant waypoints for the Norse settlers during their conquest in the early years of the Kingdom of the Isles, which lasted from the 9th to the 13th centuries.
The Isles were purchased in 1938 by explorer and naturalist Col. Niall Rankin and they were sold to the Hebridean Trust in 2000.
The Trust are guardians of the islands to protect them and the wildlife and to monitor and study the ecology and archaeology.
Due to the beauty and remoteness of the Isles and the abundance of wildlife, particularly the puffins, they are very popular with tourists who visit by boat, generally to Lunga, for day-trips during the Summer.
They are also designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area due to their importance for breeding seabirds and a marine Special Area of Conservation.
The worldwide Great Depression of the early 1930s was a social and economic shock that left millions of Canadians unemployed, hungry and often homeless.
Widespread losses of jobs and savings ultimately transformed the country by triggering the birth of social welfare, a variety of populist political movements, and a more activist role for government in the economy.
By 1930, 30% of the labour force was out of work, and one fifth of the population became dependent on government assistance.
Further damage was the reduction of investment: both large companies and individuals were unwilling and unable to invest in new ventures.
In 1932, industrial production was only at 58% of the 1929 level, the second lowest level in the world after the United States, and well behind nations such as Britain, which only saw it fall to 83% of the 1929 level.
It was further affected as its main trading partners were Britain and the U.S., both of which were badly affected by the worldwide depression.
One of the areas not affected was bush flying, which, thanks to a mining and exploration boom, continued to thrive throughout this period.
By 1933, 30% of the labour force was out of work, and one-fifth of the population became dependent on government assistance.
The fall of wheat prices drove many farmers to the towns and cities, such as Calgary, Alberta; Regina, Saskatchewan; and Brandon, Manitoba.
There was also migration from the southern prairies affected by Dust Bowl conditions such as the Palliser's Triangle to aspen parkland in the north.
The labour unions largely retreated in response to the ravages of the depression at the same time that significant portions of the working class, including the unemployed, clamoured for collective action.
These developments had far-reaching consequences in shaping the postwar environment, including the domestic cold war climate, the rise of the welfare state, and the implementation of an institutional framework for industrial relations.
Women's primary role were as housewives; without a steady flow of family income, their work became much harder in dealing with food and clothing and medical care.
The average birthrate for 14 major countries fell 12% from 19.3 births per thousand population in 1930, to 17.0 in 1935.
Among the few women in the labor force, layoffs were less common in the white-collar jobs and they were typically found in light manufacturing work.
However, there was a widespread demand to limit families to one paid job, so that wives might lose employment if their husband was employed.
These strategies show that women's domestic labor—cooking, cleaning, budgeting, shopping, childcare—was essential to the economic maintenance of the family and offered room for economies.
Many women also worked outside the home, or took boarders, did laundry for trade or cash, and did sewing for neighbors in exchange for something they could offer.
Srigley emphasizes the wide range of background factors and family circumstances, arguing that gender itself was typically less important than race, ethnicity, or class.
School budgets were cut a lot across the country, although enrollments went up and up because dropouts could not find jobs.
Married women were not hired on the grounds it was unfair for one family to have two scarce jobs that breadwinners needed.
After prosperity returned in the 1940s, however, money was available again, there was a shortage of teachers, and the unions proved more effective.
For example, in Quebec, the Corporation Général des Instituteurs et des Institutrices Catholics (CIC) was founded in 1946 (it became the Centrale de l'Enseignement du Québec (CEQ) in 1967).
In remote rural areas professionalization was uncommon; local school boards tightly controlled the one-room schools, typically hiring local women with a high school education or a year at university as teachers, so their meagre salaries would remain in the community.
Case studies of four Canadian textile firms—two cotton and two hosiery and knitting—demonstrate the range business response to the economic crisis.
The large corporations responded by investing in more expensive machinery and automation, hiring less skilled workers to tend the automated equipment, and tweaking their product lines to changing consumer tastes.
Power shifted upward to management, as strikes were too risky in the early 1930s and the opportunity to find a better job had drastically narrowed.
By 1935, however, the influence of militant American unions spilled over the border and Canadian unions became more forceful and harmonious.
The activity was most notable in Ontario's automobile factories, beginning in Windsor in late 1936, where the new Automobile Workers of America (UAW) chartered its first Canadian local at the Kelsey-Hayes factory.
The Stock Market crash in New York led people to hoard their money; as consumption fell, the American economy steadily contracted, 1929-32.
Added to the woes of the prairies were those of Ontario and Quebec, whose manufacturing industries were now victims of overproduction.
This collapse was not as sharp as that in the United States, but was the second sharpest collapse in the world.
Canada did have some advantages over other countries, especially its extremely stable banking system that had no failures during the entire depression, compared to over 9,000 small banks that collapsed in the United States.
Canada was hurt badly because of its reliance on base commodities, whose prices fell by over 50%, and because of the importance of international trade.
This hurt the Canadian economy more than most other countries in the world, and Canada retaliated by raising its own rates on American exports and by switching business to the Empire.
In an angry response to Smoot–Hawley, Canada welcomed the British introduction of trade protectionism and a system of Commonwealth preference during the winter of 1931-32.
The onset of the depression created critical balance of payment deficits, and it was largely the extension of imperial protection by Britain that gave Canada the opportunity to increase their exports to the British market.
By 1938 Britain was importing more than twice the 1929 volume of products from Australia, while the value of products shipped from Canada more than doubled, despite the dramatic drop in prices.
Thus, the British market played a vital role in helping Canada and Australia stabilize their balance of payments in the immensely difficult economic conditions of the 1930s.
At the Depression, the provincial and municipal governments were already in debt after an expansion of infrastructure and education during the 1920s.
He believed that the crisis would pass, refused to provide federal aid to the provinces, and only introduced moderate relief efforts.
The government's reaction to The Great Depression is the focus of the 2013 documentary Catch The Westbound Train from Prairie Coast Films.
Newfoundland (an independent dominion at the time) was bankrupt economically and politically and gave up responsible government by reverting to direct British control.
World War I veterans built on a history of postwar political activism to play an important role in the expansion of state-sponsored social welfare in Canada.
Arguing that their wartime sacrifices had not been properly rewarded, veterans claimed that they were entitled to state protection from poverty and unemployment on the home front.
The rhetoric of patriotism, courage, sacrifice, and duty created powerful demands for jobs, relief, and adequate pensions that should, veterans argued, be administered as a right of social citizenship and not a form of charity.
At the local, provincial, and national political levels, veterans fought for compensation and recognition for their war service, and made their demands for jobs and social security a central part of emerging social policy.
The debt the government assumed was over $2 billion, a massive sum at the time, but during the boom years it seemed payable.
Due to the decrease in trade, the CNR also began to lose substantial amounts of money during the Depression, and had to be further bailed out by the government.
With falling support and the depression only getting worse, Bennett attempted to introduce policies based on the New Deal of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the United States.
The judicial and political failure of Bennett's New Deal legislation shifted the struggle to reconstitute capitalism to the provincial and municipal levels of the state.
The establishment of New Deal style industrial codes was premised on the mobilization of organized capital and organized labour to combat unfair competition, stop the spread of relief-subsidized labour, and halt the predations of sweatshop capitalism.
Workers in a diverse range of occupations, from asbestos workers to waitresses, attempted to organize around the possibility of the ISA.
The importance of the ISA lies in what it reveals about the nature of welfare, wage labour, the union movement, competitive capitalism, business attitudes toward industrial regulation, and the role of the state in managing the collective affairs of capitalism.
The failure to help the economy led to the federal Conservatives' defeat in the 1935 election when the Liberals, still led by Mackenzie King, returned to power.
This caused the rise of a third party: the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (a socialist party that achieved some success before joining the Canadian Labour Congress in 1961, becoming the New Democratic Party).
After 1936 the prime minister lost patience when westerners preferred radical alternatives such as the CCF (Co-operative Commonwealth Federation) and Social Credit to his middle-of-the-road liberalism.
Instead he paid more attention to the industrial regions and the needs of Ontario and Quebec regarding the proposed St. Lawrence Seaway project with the United States.
As for the unemployed, he was hostile to federal relief and reluctantly accepted a Keynesian solution that involved federal deficit spending, tax cuts and subsidies to the housing market.
During all but the last two years he was also secretary of state for external affairs, taking personal charge of foreign policy.
During the Great Depression in Canada the demand for radical action peaked around 1934, after the worst period was over and the economy was recovering.
The insecurity of farmers, whose debts were increasing and who had no legal protection against foreclosure, was a potent factor in creating a mood of political desperation.
The Social Credit movement began in Alberta in 1932; it became a political movement in 1935 and suddenly burned like a prairie fire.
Aberhart was a fundamentalist, preaching the revealed word of God and quoting the Bible to find a solution for the evils of the modern, materialistic world: the evils of sophisticated academics and their biblical criticism, the cold formality of middle-class congregations, the vices of dancing and movies and drink.
This pump priming was guaranteed to restore prosperity, he prophesied to the 1600 Social Credit clubs he formed in the province.
Alberta's businessmen, professionals, newspaper editors and the traditional middle-class leaders vehemently protested Aberhart's crack-pot ideas, but they had not solved any problems and spoke not of the promised land ahead.
The $25 monthly social dividend never arrived, as Aberhart decided nothing could be done until the province's financial system was changed, and 1936 Alberta defaulted on its bonds.
He did pass a Debt Adjustment Act that cancelled all the interest on mortgages since 1932 and limited all interest rates on mortgages to 5%, in line with similar laws passed by other provinces.
The party was authoritarian and tried to exert detailed control over its officeholders; those who rebelled were purged or removed from office by the new device of recall elections.
Although Aberhart was hostile to banks and newspapers, he was basically in favour of capitalism and did not support socialist policies as did the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in Saskatchewan.
By 1938 the Social Credit government abandoned its notions about the $25 payouts, but its inability to break with UFA policies led to disillusionment and heavy defections from the party.
Aberhart died in 1943, and was succeeded as Premier by his student at the Prophetic Bible Institute and lifelong close disciple, Ernest C. Manning (1908–1996).
In the midst of the Great Depression, the Crown-in-Council attempted to uplift the people, and created two national corporations: the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), and the Bank of Canada.
The former, established in 1932, was seen as a means to keep the country unified and uplifted in these harsh economic times.
Broadcasting coast to coast mainly in English, with some French, primarily in Quebec, the CRBC played a vital role in keeping the morale up for Canadians everywhere.
The latter was used to regulate currency and credit which had been horribly managed amongst Canadian citizens in the prior years.
It was also set up to serve as a private banker’s bank and to assist and advise the Canadian government on its own debts and financial matters.
The bank's effort took place through the tough years of the depression and on to the prosperity that followed into and after the Second World War.
Both of these corporations were seen as positive moves by the Canadian government to help get the economy back on track.
The Bank of Canada was nationalized in that year, and the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) became the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in that same year.
From 1939, an increased demand in Europe for materials, and increased spending by the Canadian government created a strong boost for the economy.
This coincided with the recovery in the American economy, which created a better market for exports and a new inflow of much needed capital.
Kathleen Vaughan Wilkes (23 June 1946 – 21 August 2003) was an English philosopher and academic who played an important part in rebuilding the education systems of former Communist countries after 1990.
She established her reputation as an academic with her contributions to the philosophy of mind in two major works and many articles in professional journals.
Her most notable contribution lay in her clandestine activities behind the Iron Curtain, which led to the establishment of underground universities and academic networks in Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe.
For her work in support of this network President Václav Havel awarded her the Commemorative Medal of the President of the Czech Republic in October 1998.
J C Vaughan Wilkes who had been a master at Eton and Warden of Radley College before entering holy orders, and was for many years vicar of Marlow.
Her paternal grandparents had founded and run St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne, while her grandfather on her mother's side (the Very Rev Cyril Alington) had been Headmaster of Eton, Dean of Durham and author of many famous hymns.
Her achievement was all the greater in light of the excruciating pain she was suffering from as a result of a teenage riding accident.
She spent a period at Princeton University, where she studied with Thomas Nagel, Richard Rorty and others, and received her Ph.D. She then lived the life of an Oxbridge don.
After a time at King's College, Cambridge, she became a fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford, in 1973, and was a lecturer in philosophy in the University of Oxford for the rest of her career.
In 1979 she was the first of Oxford university's philosophers to respond to an invitation from the dissident philosophical community in Prague to conduct secret seminars there.
Despite her large frame and ungainly walk, she would lead the secret policemen who followed her on wild goose chases through Slavic cities, unconcerned by their harassment.
With her western friends, she created the Jan Hus Foundation, which was to become a major source of support for the dissident community.
Having never driven there before, she drove the family precariously in a heavily overladen Zhiguli to the West knowing that the slightest traffic infringement would bring down the law.
She paid for a young Croatian psychologist's education at Oxford, maintaining throughout that the fees were being met by a fictitious 'Alington trust'.
During the siege of Dubrovnik by the JNA in 1991–1992 during the Croatian war of independence, she refused to leave, seeing it her duty to give comfort and support to the sufferers and to inform the world of the City's distress.
Following the collapse of their political regimes, especially that of the former Yugoslavia, she worked to try to restore their academic standards, spending time in Croatia, where she was honoured with a doctorate from the University of Zagreb.
He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1890 to 1905 for the New York Giants, Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Perfectos / Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, and Boston Americans.
Beginning his professional career as a pitcher, he won 27 games at the age of 19 in 1888 for the Scranton Miners of the Central League.
Burkett made his major league debut for the New York Giants of the National League (NL) in 1890 as a pitcher and outfielder.
He was then purchased by the Cleveland Spiders in February 1891 and played most of 1891 in the minors, batting .316 for the Lincoln Rustlers and pitching to a 4–6 record.
He played the last 40 games of the 1891 season with the Cleveland Spiders and continued to play for them through the 1898 season.
The next season, his batting average increased to .348 (sixth highest in the league) and drew 98 walks (fifth-most in the league).
Burkett was never known as a great defender, but after committing a league leading 46 errors in 1893, he was coached by fellow outfielder Jimmy McAleer to improve his fielding.
Nonetheless, he routinely finished in the top five for errors committed by an outfielder and has the fourth-most errors committed by an outfielder in history.
In 1895, Burkett batted .405 and led the NL in batting average, beating Ed Delahanty who also had an average of over .400, and hits (225), which were 12 more than Hall of Famer Willie Keeler.
The following season, he set a career-high in batting average, at .410, and led the league in batting average, hits (240), and runs scored (160).
The Spiders finished second in 1895 and 1896 and played the Baltimore Orioles both seasons in the Temple Cup series, beating the Orioles in 1895.
Early in the 1897 season, Burkett was hit in the head by a pitch by Fred Klobedanz which knocked him unconscious.
He was out of action for two weeks, but played on May 31, collecting two hits in his first game back.
In the first game, Burkett and an umpire (Bill Wolf) got into a heated argument and Burkett was thrown out; when he did not leave the field, the umpire threatened to forfeit the game to Louisville.
In the next game of the double header, the arguments against Bill Wolf continued, and by the ninth inning Burkett was ejected again.
Similar to the first game, he did not leave the field and two police officers were called in and dragged Burkett from the field.
By the end of 1898 the Cleveland Spiders were unable to afford to play in Cleveland and pay their highly paid players, and as a result played 35 of their last 38 games on the road.
In the offseason, owner Frank Robison bought the struggling St. Louis Cardinals and in March 1898, Burkett along with teammate Cy Young were moved from the Cleveland Spiders to the St. Louis Perfectos.
In 1899 he had originally finished the season batting .402 (making him the first baseball player to hit .400 or greater in three separate seasons), but it was downgraded to .396 later.
In 1901, he led the NL in batting average (.376), on-base percentage (.440), hits (226), and runs scored (142); this marked the third time he had led the league in batting average.
Before the 1902 season, Burkett jumped to the St. Louis Browns of the American League and batted over .300 for the last time in his career.
The following year, the American League began to count foul balls as strikes, causing his batting average to fall below .300 on the season for the first time since 1892.
In 1905, he was traded to the Boston Americans for George Stone; this meant he could be closer to his home in Worcester.
His level of play continued to decrease as he set a career low in batting average as Boston finished in fourth place at the end of the season.
Burkett managed the New England League's Worcester Busters from 1906 to 1915 and played some games for the team, as well.
In four seasons coaching the Holy Cross Crusaders, Burkett amassed an 88–12–1 record (); nine players on his 1919 team were designated All-East players.
Although many more standards actually apply to e-mail, virtually all mail servers and e-mail clients support at least the following basic set.
Native American identity is a complex and contested issue rooted in political sovereignty that pre-dates the creation of colonial nation states like the U.S. and Canada and persists into the 21st century recognized under international law by treaty.
Historical figures might predate tribal enrollment practices and would be included based on ethnological tribal membership, while any contemporary individuals should either be enrolled members of federally recognized tribes or have cited Native American ancestry and be recognized as being Native American by their respective tribes(s).
Until August 2017, he also held the post as supervising attorney and co-director of Pace Law School's Environmental Litigation Clinic, which he founded in 1987.
He was 9 years old in 1963 when his uncle, President John F. Kennedy, was assassinated, and 14 years old in 1968 when his father was assassinated while running for president in the 1968 Democratic presidential primaries.
Kennedy learned of his father's shooting when he was at Georgetown Preparatory School, a Jesuit boarding school in North Bethesda, Maryland.
A few hours later, he flew to Los Angeles on vice-president Hubert Humphrey's plane, along with his elder sister Kathleen and elder brother Joseph, and was with his father when he died.
Kennedy was a pallbearer in his father's funeral, where he spoke and read excerpts from his father's speeches at the Mass commemorating his death at Arlington National Cemetery.
After obtaining his high school diploma from the Palfrey Street School in Massachusetts, Kennedy continued his education at Harvard and the London School of Economics, graduating from Harvard College in 1976 with a Bachelor of Arts in American History and Literature.
He went on to earn a Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia and a Master of Laws from Pace University.
In 1984, Kennedy joined Riverkeeper as an investigator, and was promoted to senior prosecuting attorney when he was admitted to the New York bar in 1985.
Kennedy is an environmental law specialist and partner in the law firms of Morgan & Morgan PA and of Kennedy & Madonna, LLP, and is an advocate for environmental justice.
Through litigation, lobbying, teaching, and public campaigns and activism, Kennedy has advocated for the protection of waterways, indigenous rights, and renewable energy.
Kennedy litigated and supervised environmental enforcement lawsuits on the east coast estuaries on behalf of Hudson Riverkeeper and the Long Island Soundkeeper, where he was also a board member.
In 1986, Kennedy won a landmark case against Remington Arms Trap and Skeet Gun Club in Stratford, Connecticut, that ended the practice of shooting lead shot into Long Island Sound.
Kennedy also filed federal lawsuits to close the Pelham Bay landfill and the New York Athletic clubs, arguing that those facilities were interfering with public use of Long Island Sound.
On the Hudson, Kennedy brought a series of lawsuits against municipalities, including New York City, to properly treat sewage, and against industries, including, Consolidated Edison, General Electric and Exxon, to stop discharging pollution and to clean up legacy contamination.
Drawing on his experience investigating and prosecuting polluters on behalf of the Waterkeepers, Kennedy has written extensively about environmental law enforcement.
In 1987, Kennedy founded the Environmental Litigation Clinic at Pace University School of Law, where for three decades he was the clinic's supervising attorney and co-director, and as Clinical Professor of Law.
Kennedy obtained a special order from the New York State Court of Appeals that permitted his 10 clinic students–second- and third-year law students–to practice law and to try cases against Hudson River polluters in state and federal court, under the supervision of Kennedy and his co-director, Professor Karl Coplan.
In 2010, a Pace lawsuit forced ExxonMobil to clean up tens of millions of gallons of oil from legacy refinery spills in Newtown Creek in Brooklyn, New York.
The Pace Clinic became a model for similar environmental law clinics throughout the country including Rutgers, Golden Gate, UCLA, Widener, and Boalt Hall at Berkeley.
In June 1999, as Riverkeeper's success on the Hudson began inspiring the creation of Waterkeepers across North America, Kennedy and a few dozen Riverkeepers gathered in Southampton, Long Island, to found the Waterkeeper Alliance, which is now the umbrella group for the 344 licensed Waterkeeper programs located in 44 countries.
Beginning in 1991, Kennedy represented environmentalists and New York City watershed consumers in a series of lawsuits against New York City, New York State, and upstate watershed polluters.
Kennedy authored a series of articles and reports alleging that New York State was abdicating its responsibility to protect the water repository and supply.
This agreement, which Kennedy negotiated on behalf of environmentalists and New York City watershed consumers, is regarded as an international model in stakeholder consensus negotiations and sustainable development.
In 2000, Kennedy and environmental lawyer Kevin Madonna founded the environmental law firm, Kennedy & Madonna, LLP, to represent private plaintiffs against polluters.
The firm litigates environmental contamination cases on behalf of individuals, non-profit organizations, school districts, public water suppliers, Indian tribes, municipalities and states.
In 2001, Kennedy & Madonna organized a team of prestigious plaintiff law firms to challenge pollution from industrial pork and poultry production.
In 2004, the firm was part of a legal team that secured a $70 million settlement for property owners in Pensacola, Florida whose properties were contaminated by chemicals from an adjacent Superfund site.
In addition to a monetary settlement for the tribe, the lawsuit contributed to the community's land being re-listed on the federal Superfund list, the first time in the nation's history that a de-listed site was re-listed.
In 2017, the firm was part of the trial team that secured a $670 million settlement on behalf of over 3,000 residents from Ohio and West Virginia whose drinking water was contaminated with the toxic chemical, C8, which was released into the environment by DuPont in Parkersburg, West Virginia.
The partnership arose from the two firms' successful collaboration on the case against SoCalGas Company following the Aliso Canyon gas leak in California.
In 2017, Kennedy and his partners sued Monsanto in federal court in San Francisco, on behalf of plaintiffs seeking to recover damages for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, that, the plaintiffs allege, were a result of exposure to Monsanto's glyphosate-based herbicide, Roundup.
Kennedy and his team also filed a class action lawsuit against Monsanto for failing to warn consumers about the dangers allegedly posed by exposure to Roundup.
In September 2018, Kennedy and his partners filed a class-action lawsuit against Columbia Gas of Massachusetts alleging negligence following gas explosions in three towns north of Boston.
In 1998, Kennedy, Chris Bartle and John Hoving created a bottled-water company, Keeper Springs, which donated all of its profits to Waterkeeper Alliance.
Kennedy was a venture partner and senior advisor at VantagePoint Capital Partners, one of the world's largest cleantech venture capital firms.
Kennedy is a board member and counselor to several of Vantage Point's portfolio companies in the water and energy space, including Ostara, a Vancouver-based company that markets the technology to remove phosphorus and other excessive nutrients from wastewater, transforming otherwise pollution directly into high-grade fertilizer.
He is also a senior advisor to Starwood Energy Group, and has played a key role in a number of the firm's investments.
On October 5, 2017, Vionx, National Grid and the US Department of Energy completed the installation of advanced flow batteries at Holy Name High School in the city of Worcester, Massachusetts.
The collaboration also includes Siemens and the United Technologies Research Center and constitutes one of the largest energy storage facilities in Massachusetts.
Kennedy is a Partner in ColorZen, which offers a turnkey cotton fiber pre-treatment solution that reduces water usage and toxic discharges in the cotton dying process.
In his first case as an environmental attorney, Kennedy represented the NAACP in a lawsuit against a proposal to build a garbage transfer station in a minority neighborhood in Ossining, New York.
In 1987, he successfully sued Westchester County, New York, to reopen the Croton Point Park, which was heavily used primarily by poor and minority communities from the Bronx.
He then forced the reopening of the Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, which New York City had closed to the public and converted to a police firing range.
Kennedy also led a battle to stop a plan to sell Washington, D.C.'s Kingman Island—a rare piece of National Park Service property in a minority neighborhood—to a private developer.
In 2004, Kennedy and Riverkeeper successfully sued Exxon to clean up a large oil spill on Newton Creek in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.
Starting in 1985, Kennedy helped develop the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)'s international program for environmental, energy, and human rights, traveling to Canada and Latin America to assist indigenous tribes in protecting their homelands and opposing large-scale energy and extractive projects in remote wilderness areas.
In 1990, Kennedy assisted the Pehuenche Indians in Chile in a partially successful campaign to stop the construction of a series of dams on Chile's iconic Biobío River.
Beginning in 1992, he assisted the Cree Indians of northern Quebec in their campaign against Hydro-Québec to halt construction of some 600 proposed dams on eleven rivers in James Bay.
In 1993, Kennedy and NRDC, working with the indigenous rights organization Cultural Survival, clashed with other American environmental groups in a dispute about the rights of Indians to govern their own lands in the Oriente region of Ecuador.
Kennedy represented the CONFENIAE, a confederation of Indian peoples, in negotiation with the American oil company Conoco to limit oil development in Ecuadorian Amazon and, at the same time, obtain benefits from resource extraction for Amazonian tribes.
From 1993 to 1999, Kennedy worked with five Vancouver Island Indian tribes in their campaign to end industrial logging by MacMillan Bloedel in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia.
In 1996, Kennedy met with Cuban President Fidel Castro to persuade the leader to halt his plans to construct a nuclear power plant at Juraguá.
During a lengthy latenight encounter, Castro reminisced about Kennedy's father and uncle, speculating that U.S. relations with Cuba would have been far better had President Kennedy not been assassinated.
Between 1996 and 2000, Kennedy and NRDC helped Mexican commercial fishermen to halt Mitsubishi's proposal to build a salt facility in the Laguna San Ignacio, a known area in Baja where gray whales bred, and nursed their calves.
In 2000, he assisted local environmental activists to stop proposals by Chaffin Light, a real estate developer, and U.S. engineering giant Bechtel from building a large hotel and resort development that, Kennedy argued, threatened coral reefs and public beaches used extensively by local Bahamians, at Clifton Bay, New Providence Island.
In 2016, citing the pressure precipitated by the Futaleufú Riverkeeper's campaign against the dams, the Spanish power company, Endesa, which owned the right to dam the river, reversed its decision and relinquished all claims to the Futaleufú.
In 1993, he successfully represented the Suquamish and Duwamish Indian tribes in a lawsuit against the U.S. Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington, to stop polluting Puget Sound.
In a 2001 article, Kennedy described how he sued the U.S. Navy on behalf of fishermen and residents of Vieques, an island off Puerto Rico, to stop weapons testing, bombing, and other military exercises.
Kennedy argued that the activities were unnecessary, and that the Navy had illegally destroyed several endangered species, polluted the island's waters, harmed the residents' health, and damaged its economy.
He was arrested for trespassing at Camp Garcia Vieques, the U.S. Navy training facility, where he and others were protesting the use of a section of the island for training.
The lawsuits and protests by Kennedy, and hundreds of Puerto Ricans who were also imprisoned, eventually forced the termination of naval bombing in Vieques announced by president George Bush in 2001, and enacted in 2003.
He wrote numerous articles on the subject, arguing that factory farms produce lower-quality, less healthy food, and are harmful to independent family farmers by poisoning their air and water, reducing their property values, and using extensive state and federal subsidies to impose unfair competition against smaller farmers.
In 1995, Premier Ralph Klein of Alberta declared Kennedy persona non grata in the province due to Kennedy's activism against Alberta's large-scale hog production facilities.
In 2002, Smithfield Foods filed a lawsuit against Kennedy in Poland, under a Polish law that makes criticizing a corporation illegal, after Kennedy denounced the company in a debate with Smithfield's Polish director before the Polish parliament.
He began his career at Riverkeeper during the time that the organization discovered that Exxon was using its oil tankers in order to steal fresh water from the Hudson River for use in its Aruba refinery and to sell to Caribbean Islands.
He had been an early supporter of natural gas as viable bridge fuel to renewables, and a cleaner alternative to coal.
However, he said he turned against this controversial extraction method after investigating its cost to public health; climate and road infrastructure.
As a member of Governor Andrew Cuomo's fracking commission, Kennedy helped engineer the Governor's 2013 ban on fracking in New York State.
In Alaska, Kennedy was active in the fight to save the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), the largest undisturbed ecosystem in North America, from drilling.
In 2013, Kennedy assisted the Chipewyan First Nation and the Beaver Lake Cree fighting to protect their land from tar sands production.
In February 2013, while protesting the Keystone XL Pipeline Kennedy, along with his son, Conor, was arrested for blocking a thoroughfare in front of the White House during a protest.
In August 2016, Kennedy and Waterkeeper participated in protests to block the extension of the Dakota Access pipeline across the Sioux Indian Standing Rock Reservation's water supply.
Kennedy claims that the only reason the oil industry is able to remain competitive against renewables and electric cars is through massive direct and indirect subsidies and political interventions on behalf of the oil industry.
And what the industry is trying to do is to increase that level of infrastructure investment so our country won't be able to walk away from it.
Kennedy has promoted replacing coal energy with renewable energy, which, he argues, would thereby reduce costs and greenhouse gases while improving air and water quality, the health of the citizens, and the number and quality of jobs.
On June 15, 1981, he made international news when he spoke at an anti-nuclear rally at the Hollywood Bowl, with Stephen Stills, Bonnie Raitt and Jackson Browne.
His thirty-year battle to close Indian Point nuclear power plant in New York ended in victory in January 2017, when Kennedy signed onto an agreement with New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo and Entergy, the plant's operator, to close the plant by 2021.
In 1991, Kennedy helped lead a campaign to block Hydro-Québec from building the James Bay Hydro-project, a massive dam project in northern Quebec.
In a 3–2 ruling in 2003, the Privy Council of the United Kingdom upheld the Belizean government's decision to permit dam construction.
In 2004, Kennedy met with Provincial officials and brought foreign media and political visitors to Canada to protest the building of hydroelectric dams on Quebec's Magpie River.
In November 2017, the Spanish hydroelectric syndicate Endesa announced its decision to abandon HydroAysen, a massive project to construct dams on dozens of Patagonia's rivers accompanied by thousands of miles of roads, power lines and other infrastructure.
Taking the side of Cape Cod's commercial fishing industry, Kennedy argued that the Cape Wind Project in Nantucket Sound was a costly boondoggle.
Kennedy was also critical of Bush's 2003 hydrogen car initiative, noting that it was a gift to the fossil fuel industry disguised as a green automobile.
He also accused politicians who failed to act on climate change policy as serving special interests and, selling out the public trust.
Kennedy is the chairman of Children's Health Defense (formerly the World Mercury Project), an advocacy group alleging that a large proportion of American children are suffering from conditions as diverse as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, food allergies, cancer and autoimmune diseases, all allegedly caused by exposure to a variety of chemicals.
In addition to vaccines, Children's Health Defense has been campaigning against fluoridation of drinking water, acetaminophen, aluminum, and wireless communications, among others.
Kennedy's group has been identified as one of two major buyers of anti-vaccine Facebook advertising in late 2018 and early 2019.
In their early years, the group focused on the perceived issue of mercury, in industry and medicine, especially the ethylmercury compound thimerosal in vaccines, proposed by discredited former doctor Andrew Wakefield as a mechanism for the disproved link between vaccines and autism.
Despite Kennedy's claims that he is in fact not against vaccines, critics point out he and his organization spread common anti-vaccine arguments as part of their core messages.
On January 10, 2017, incoming White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer confirmed that Kennedy and President-elect Donald Trump met to discuss a position in the Trump administration.
On February 15, 2017, Kennedy and actor Robert De Niro gave a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., in which they accused the press of acting as propagandists for the $35 billion vaccination industry and refusing to allow debates on vaccination science.
They offered a $100,000 reward to any journalist or other citizen who could point to a study showing that it is safe to inject mercury into babies and pregnant women at levels currently contained in flu vaccines.
In June 4, 2019, during a visit to Samoa coinciding with that nation's 57th independence celebration, Kennedy appeared in an Instagram photo with Australian-Samoan anti-vaccine activist Taylor Winterstein.
Kennedy's charity and Winterstein have both perpetuated the lie that that the MMR vaccine played a role in the 2018 deaths of two Samoan infants, despite the subsequent revelation that the infants had received a muscle relaxant along with the vaccine by mistake.
Kennedy has drawn criticism for fueling vaccine hesitancy amid a social climate which gave rise to the 2019 Samoa measles outbreak, which killed over 70 people, and the 2019 Tonga measles outbreak.
On the evening of January 11, 2013, Charlie Rose interviewed Kennedy and his sister Rory at the Winspear Opera House in Dallas as a part of then Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings' hand-chosen committee's yearlong program of celebrating the life and presidency of John F. Kennedy.
The 2013 edition of the book was endorsed by Kennedy's nephew Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., who said it had moved him to visit Dealey Plaza for the first time.
Kennedy was 9 years old when his uncle President Kennedy was assassinated and 14 years old when his father Robert Kennedy was assassinated.
He cites wiki-leaks documents alleging that the CIA-led military and intelligence planners to foment a Sunni uprising against Syria's president, Bashar al-Assad, following his rejection of a proposed Qatar-Turkey pipeline through Syria in 2009, well before the Arab Spring.
Kennedy endorsed and campaigned extensively for Vice President Al Gore during his 2000 presidential campaign, and openly opposed his friend Ralph Nader's Green Party presidential campaign, predicting that it could sink the Gore campaign and put George W. Bush into the White House.
In late 2007, Kennedy and his sisters Kerry and Kathleen announced that they would be endorsing Hillary Clinton in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries.
Kennedy has written frequent warnings about the ease of election hacking and the dangers of voter purges and voter ID laws.
Kennedy first considered running for political office in 2000, when New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced he would not seek re-election to the U.S. Senate seat formerly held by Kennedy's father.
His father was elected to the same seat in 1964, and held it for 41 months, until his death in 1968.
In 2005, Kennedy considered running for New York Attorney General, which would have meant a possible run against his then brother-in-law Andrew Cuomo, but in the end he decided against entering the race, even though he had been considered the frontrunner.
On December 2, 2008, Kennedy announced that he did not wish to be appointed to the U.S. Senate by New York Governor David Paterson.
In 1987, while on Governor Mario Cuomo's New York State Falconry Advising Committee, Kennedy authored the examination to qualify apprentice falconers given by New York State.
His father introduced him and his siblings to whitewater kayaking during early trips down the Green and Yampa Rivers in Utah and Colorado, the Columbia River, the Middle Fork Salmon in Idaho, and the Upper Hudson Gorge.
He made an early descent of Great Whale River in Northern Quebec, in 1993, and has made many trips to Patagonia, Chile, to run the Biobío River, the Futaleufú and other whitewater rivers.
In 2015, he took two of his sons to the Yukon to visit Mount Kennedy and run the Alsek River, a whitewater river fed by the Alsek Glacier.
Mount Kennedy had been Canada's highest unclimbed peak, when the Canadian Government named it for the assassinated American president, in 1964.
On May 16, 2012, Mary was found dead in a building on the grounds of her home in Mount Kisco, New York.
In 1983, at age 29, Kennedy was arrested in a Rapid City, South Dakota airport for heroin possession after a search of his carry-on bag uncovered the drug, following a near overdose in flight.
Kennedy entered a guilty plea to Presiding Judge Marshall P. Young, who sentenced him to two years' probation and 1,500 hours of community service.
He was a fishery scientist and falconer who had been sentenced to five years in prison; he served three years after pleading guilty to federal criminal charges for smuggling bird eggs from Australia.
In 2000, Robert Boyle, Riverkeeper's founder and former president, fired Wegner, citing his criminal conviction, but Kennedy re-hired Wegner, believing he should be given a second chance.
Kennedy has authored or edited ten books on subjects such as the environment, science, biography, and American heroes, including two bestsellers and three children's books.
Kennedy has penned numerous academic and general interest articles as well as op-eds on oil, coal, green energy, election integrity, politics, the media, falconry, foreign policy, and civil rights.
Over the course of his career, Kennedy has received numerous awards in his name and on behalf of organizations and causes that he has championed.
Darton State College was a two-year state college unit of the University System of Georgia, located in Albany, Georgia, United States.
Prior to consolidation with Albany State University, the college offered 84 two-year transfer and career associate degrees, 4 four-year baccalaureate degrees, and 49 certificate programs.
In 1987, a committee of faculty, staff, students and community members chose the name Darton College as part of its reclassification as a state college.
In November 2015, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia announced the consolidation of Albany State University and Darton State College and appointed Dr. Arthur Dunning as President of the University.
Fall 2013 enrollments were 6,195 for Darton State College and 4,260 for Albany State University while Fall 2017 enrollments for the new combined Albany State University were 6,615.
The 186 acre campus on Albany's western edge included a 470-seat theater, library, fitness center, computer labs, and sports facilities such as tennis and racquetball courts, indoor swimming pool, indoor bowling alley and climbing wall, with surrounding nature trails, soccer fields, ball fields, and pecan trees.
At one time, Darton College enrolled more than half of the area's high school graduates and approximately 45% of the students were from Dougherty County.
Darton State College provided educational opportunities and services to Southwest Georgia with a variety of programs, including three bachelors of science and one bachelor of arts degree, four associate degrees, 10 career associate degrees and 15 certificates.
Darton State College was a public institution as part of the University System of Georgia and was accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
To increase access to a college education, grants enabled Darton to offer 39 fully online degrees, 10 partially online degrees, 13 fully online certificate programs, and over 96 individual distance learning courses over the Internet, through local Channel 19 telecasts, GVNS video-conferencing, and at sites off the main campus: Cordele, Thomasville, Colquitt, Rome, Barnesville, Columbus, Valdosta, Waycross, Sandersville, Swainsboro, and Atlanta, Georgia.
Darton College had a strong presence in state distance learning initiatives, with its core curriculum courses in many programs available online.
Darton's Nursing Division provided education for many of Southwest Georgia's nurses — including 70% of all Registered Nurses (RNs) in Albany hospitals and 30% of all RNs in 38 southwest Georgia counties.
Darton College received a $2.48 million grant from the U.S. Department of Labor in 2005 to develop an online nursing program.
The five-semester nursing program led to an Associate of Science in Nursing degree and eligibility to take registered nurse licensure exams.
In May 2011, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia approved Darton's change to State College status so that a four-year program leading to a Bachelor of Science in Nursing could be developed.
The Allied Health Division offered degrees in cardiovascular technology, dental hygiene, diagnostic medical sonography, emergency medical services, health information technology, medical laboratory technology, histology technology, medical laboratory technology, occupational therapy assistant, physical therapy assistant, and respiratory care.
In addition to its huge variety of online course offerings, Darton used technologies such as Wimba Classroom, streaming media, and motion capture technology.
Extracurricular activities included groups such as the Cultural Exchange Club, Book Talk and the Darton Association of Nursing Students, as well as intramural athletics, pecan picking, league tournament athletics, community service associations and honor societies.
Students were able to participate in an array of Georgia Junior College Athletic Association/National Junior College Athletic Association intercollegiate athletics, including women's soccer, golf, women's softball and basketball, and men's baseball.
Darton's men and women swimming programs placed 3rd overall at the 2007 NJCAA National Championships with virtually every member on the competing roster securing All-American Honors.
Darton College women's soccer team went all the way to the NJCAA National Championship game again in 2008 but lost 3-2.
The Ford RS200 is a mid-engined, four-wheel drive sports car that was produced by Ford Motorsport in Boreham, UK, from 1984 to 1986.
The road-going RS200 was the basis for Ford's Group B rally car and was designed to comply with FIA homologation regulations, which required 200 parts kits to be produced and at least one road-legal car to be assembled.
Following the introduction of the MKIII Escort in 1980, Ford Motorsport set about developing a rear-wheel-drive, turbocharged variant of the vehicle that could be entered into competition in Group B rally racing, and dubbed the new vehicle the Escort RS 1700T.
A problem-filled development led Ford to abandon the project in frustration in 1983, leaving them without a new vehicle to enter into Group B.
In addition, Ford executives became adamant that the new vehicle would feature all-wheel-drive, an addition they felt would be necessary to allow it to compete properly with all-wheel-drive models from Peugeot and Audi.
The new vehicle was a unique design, featuring a plastic-fiberglass composite body designed by Ghia, a mid-mounted engine and four-wheel drive.
The cars were built on behalf of Ford by another company well known for its expertise in producing fibreglass bodies - Reliant.
To aid weight distribution, designers mounted the transmission at the front of the car, which required that power from the mid-mounted engine go first up to the front wheels and then be run back again to the rear, creating a complex drive train setup.
The chassis was designed by former Formula One designer Tony Southgate, and Ford's John Wheeler, a former F1 engineer, aided in early development.
A double wishbone suspension setup with twin dampers on all four wheels aided handling and helped give the car what was often regarded as being the best balanced platform of any of the RS200's contemporary competitors.
The Ford parts-bin was raided to help give the RS200 a Ford corporate look, for example the front windscreen and rear lights were identical to those of the early Sierra and the doors were cut-down Sierra items; though small parts-bin items like switchgear were also used to save development time and expenses.
Although the RS had the balance and poise necessary to be competitive, its power-to-weight ratio was poor by comparison, and its engine produced notorious low-RPM lag, making it difficult to drive and ultimately less competitive.
Factory driver Kalle Grundel's third-place finish at the 1986 WRC Rally of Sweden represented the vehicle's best-ever finish in Group B rallying competition, although the model did see limited success outside of the ultra-competitive Group B class.
However, only one event later, at the Rally de Portugal, a Ford RS200 was involved in one of the most dramatic accidents in WRC history, claiming the lives of three spectators and injuring many others.
Another Ford RS200 was crashed by Swiss Formula One driver Marc Surer against a tree during the 1986 Hessen-Rallye in Germany, killing his co-driver and friend Michel Wyder instantly.
The accident at Rally Portugal set off a chain reaction and the RS200 became obsolete after only one full year of competition as the FIA, the governing board, which at the time controlled WRC rally racing, abolished Group B after the 1986 season.
boost levels, power output ranges from as little as to as high as ; although most typical output was at 8000 rpm and at 5500 rpm of torque.
It has been said that the most powerful Evolution models can accelerate from 0 to in just over two seconds, depending on gearing.
The ban on Group B racing effectively forced the E2 model into stillbirth; however, more than a dozen of them were successfully run from August 1986 'til October 1992 in the FIA European Championships for Rallycross Drivers events all over Europe, and Norwegian claimed the 1991 European rallycross title with a that produced over .
One RS200, which found its way into circuit racing, originated as a road car; it was converted to IMSA GTO specification powered by a 750+ BHP 2.0 litre turbo BDTE Cosworth Evolution engine.
Competing against the numerous factory backed teams such as Mazda, Mercury and Nissan, with their newly built spaceframe specials, despite being a privateer, the car never achieved any real success to be a serious contender and was kept by the original owner.
A parts car was built in England and later used to compete in the Unlimited category at the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, where it was driven by Swede Stig Blomqvist in 2001, 2002 and 2004 and in 2009 by former British Rallycross champion Mark Rennison.
The RS200 was designed from the ground-up as a purpose-built, mid-engined rally-supercar, and the 200 homologation road-legal models were essentially a by-product of Ford wanting to race the RS200 and show off their technology capabilities in the increasingly popular World Rally Championship.
It was also designed by engineers who had extensive backgrounds in motorsports, and the engine had a smooth power delivery and functioned more like a racing car engine, as opposed to every one of the other highly modified production-based engines that Audi, Lancia and Peugeot had in their cars.
The other famous Group B cars were all based on front-engined production models- and in both the Lancia Delta S4 and the Peugeot 205 T16's case- hatchbacks, and in the Audi Quattro's case- a luxury coupe.
Lancia's predecessor to the Delta S4- the 037- was also a mid-engined Group B supercar, but it was based on and had originated from Lancia's mid-engined Montecarlo production car.
FIA homologation rules for Group B required the construction of at least 200 road-legal vehicles, and Ford constructed these 200 units with spare parts for another 20+ units put aside for the racing teams.
The original bodywork tooling for the Ford RS200 was latterly bought by Banham Conversions, who used it to make a kit car version based on the Austin Maestro.
Due to being a basic rebody of the Maestro, the Austin-Rover engine ancillaries are actually to be found at the front of the vehicle.
Nelson was the head writer of the series for most of the show's original eleven-year run, and spent half of that time as the on-air host, also named Mike Nelson.
He studied theatre and music at the University of Wisconsin–River Falls, but he left before graduating and moved to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area.
The writers told him to feel free to make some comments on the movies they were watching, and Nelson impressed them so much with his wit and comedic timing that they made him a staff writer, and, later, head writer.
When series creator and host Joel Hodgson decided to leave the show half-way through the fifth season, he chose Nelson as his replacement, reportedly because he thought Nelson was a natural leader, a gifted comedian, and a gifted muse, and also because Nelson simply looked good standing next to the show's puppets.
Nelson remained in the host role for another five and a half seasons (surviving the show's switching networks from Comedy Central to the Sci-Fi Channel) until the original show's final Sci-Fi Channel episode aired in 1999.
One of the projects put together by Nelson and Legend Films was RiffTrax, a website offering the purchase of downloadable audio commentaries once again costarring two former MST3K cast members Kevin Murphy and Bill Corbett.
In 2016, additional MST3K alumni, Joel Hodgson, Trace Beaulieu, and Frank Conniff, all appeared for a live reunion at the State Theatre in Minneapolis with Nelson, Murphy and Corbett.
Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood.
The posterior pituitary consists mainly of neuronal projections (axons) of magnocellular neurosecretory cells extending from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
These axons store and release neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the neurohypophyseal capillaries, from there they get into the systemic circulation (and partly back into the hypophyseal portal system).
In addition to axons, the posterior pituitary also contains pituicytes, specialized glial cells resembling astrocytes assisting in the storage and release of the hormones.
It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis.
After creation, they are stored in neurosecretory vesicles regrouped into Herring bodies before being secreted in the posterior pituitary via the bloodstream.
The Continental Divide follows the crest of the range and includes Gannett Peak, which at , is the highest peak in Wyoming; and, as well, includes Fremont Peak at , the third highest peak in Wyoming.
With the exception of the Grand Teton in the Teton Range, the next 19 highest peaks in Wyoming after Gannett are also in the Winds.
Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin, such as the Shoshones and Absarokas (Crow) Native Americans, lived in the range beginning 7000 and 9000 years ago.
One of the men from the Lewis and Clark expedition, John Colter, is thought to be the first European American person to view the range when he visited the area around 1807, though little is known about his travels through the area.
In 1812, a party led by Wilson Price Hunt were the first to cross South Pass, at the southern end of the range, the pass which marked the continental divide and crest of the Rocky Mountains and became an important portion of the Oregon Trail.
Climbing was pursued in the mid to late 1800s by men such as John C. Fremont, typically for the purpose of surveying the region.
Today, the Titcomb Basin remains one of the area's busiest recreation attractions along with the Cirque of the Towers to the south.
These include the Bridger Wilderness on the western slope, designated in 1964, and the Fitzpatrick Wilderness and Popo Agie Wilderness on the eastern slope, designated in 1976 and 1984 respectively.
Together these wilderness areas protect 728,020 acres, making the Wind River Range one of the largest road-free areas in the continental United States.
Part of the eastern slope of the Wind River Range is also under the protection of the Wind River Indian Reservation.
The Winds are composed primarily of a granitic batholith which is granite rock formed deep under the surface of the Earth, over one billion years ago.
As the land continued to rise during the Laramide orogeny, further erosion occurred until all that remained were the granitic rocks.
Within the Winds, numerous lakes were formed by the glaciers and numerous cirques, or circular valleys, were carved out of the rocks, the most well known being the Cirque of the Towers, in the southern section of the range.
Shoshone National Forest claims that there are 16 named and 140 unnamed glaciers just on the east side of the range for a total of 156, with another 27 reported by Bridger-Teton National Forest for the western slopes of the range.
Gannett Glacier which flows down the north slope of Gannett Peak, is the largest single glacier in the Rocky Mountains of the U.S., and is located in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness in Shoshone National Forest.
The Green and Big Sandy rivers drain southward from the west side of the range, while the Wind River drains eastward through the Shoshone Basin.
The Green is the largest fork of the Colorado River while the Wind River, after changing its name to the Bighorn River, is the largest fork of the Yellowstone River.
Historically, the lakes and streams of the Bridger Wilderness were devoid of fish, as were most alpine lakes throughout the Rocky Mountains.
The first known transplant of fish into the area took place in 1907 when Colorado River cutthroat trout were introduced into North Fork Lake.
Considerable fish stocking by individuals, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Wyoming Game & Fish Department, occurred between 1924 and 1935.
The streams and lakes are home to Yellowstone cutthroat, rainbow, brook, brown, lake, and golden trout—about 2.5 million of which were stocked by a local explorer named Finis Mitchell and his wife during the Great Depression.
The range sits alongside many of the animal migration routes in the United States and contains several important passes, notably South Pass, , at the south end of the range, which was one of the more important passes on the Oregon Trail as it passed through the Rockies.
Aside from South Pass, which is at the southernmost tip of the range, no roads cross the mountains until Union Pass, at the northern terminus of the range.
The Winds have many back country areas that see heavy use despite the relative remoteness of many of the trail-heads and the long approaches from those trail-heads to reach routes.
Two of the more popular backpacking destinations are the Titcomb Basin (commonly accessed via the Elkhart Park Trailhead) and the Cirque of the Towers (commonly accessed via the Big Sandy Trailhead).
The exposed granite in the higher elevations of the range is particularly attractive to climbers and areas such as Cirque of the Towers in the southern portion of the range are facing overuse issues as a result.
According to the White Pine Ski Resort website, the Winds are home to one ski area, White Pine, the only lift-accessible skiing and snowboarding in the range.
A longtime popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, the Wind River Range has also played host to a number of wilderness and outdoor education programs.
Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018.
Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near SquareTop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue.
The U.S. Forest Service does not offer updated aggregated records on the official number of fatalities in the Wind River Range.
Preston was born Robert Preston Meservey in Newton, Massachusetts, the son of Ruth L. (née Rea; 1895–1973) and Frank Wesley Meservey (1899–1996), a garment worker and a billing clerk for American Express, respectively.
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into World War II, he joined the United States Army Air Forces and served as an intelligence officer in the U.S. 9th Air Force with the 386th Bomb Group (Medium).
At the end of the war in Europe, the 386th and Captain Robert Meservey, an S-2 Officer (intelligence), were stationed in St. Trond, Belgium.
Meservey's job had been receiving intelligence reports from 9th Air Force headquarters and briefing the bomber crews on what to expect in accomplishing their missions.
As Robert Preston, the name by which he would be known for his entire professional career, he appeared in many Hollywood films, predominantly Westerns but not exclusively.
When Willson adapted his story for the screen, he insisted on Preston's participation over the objections of Jack L. Warner, who had wanted to cast Frank Sinatra or Cary Grant for the role.
In 1961, Preston was asked to make a recording as part of a program by the President's Council on Physical Fitness to encourage schoolchildren to do more daily exercise.
Preston's character died in the ninth of the thirteen episodes, which also included co-stars Ben Murphy, Brian Kerwin, Brett Cullen, and James Van Patten.
The story chronicled how the Chisholm family lost their land in Virginia by fraud and migrated to California to begin a new life.
He said that he based his approach to the character of Centauri on that which he had taken to Professor Harold Hill.
He was an intensely private person and has no official biographies but he gave several interviews, especially late in his career.
Henri Alexandre Deslandres (24 July 1853 – 15 January 1948) was a French astronomer, director of the Meudon and Paris Observatories, who carried out intensive studies on the behaviour of the atmosphere of the Sun.
Deslandres' undergraduate years at the École Polytechnique were played out against the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and the chaos of the Paris Commune so, on graduation in 1874, he responded to the continuing military tension with the emerging Germany by embarking on a military career.
Rising to the rank of captain in the engineers, he became increasingly interested in physics and, in 1881, resigned his commission to join Alfred Cornu's laboratory at the École Polytechnique, working on spectroscopy.
He continued his spectroscopic work at the Sorbonne, earning his doctorate in 1888 and finding numerical patterns in spectral lines that paralleled the work of Johann Balmer and were to catalyse the development of quantum mechanics in the 20th century.
Such advice was sternly rejected by director of the Paris Observatory Urbain Le Verrier and the French government awarded Janssen a grant to establish an astrophysical observatory at Meudon on the outskirts of Paris with Janssen as the sole astronomer.
In 1889, Le Verrier was succeeded by Amédée Mouchez who set to work to bring astrophysics into the mainstream by hiring Deslandres.
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, though already in his 60s, he returned to active service in the engineers as a major and later lieutenant colonel.
In 1918, following the armistice, he resumed his office at Meudon until 1926 when its administration merged with that of the Paris Observatory, Mouchez assuming the role of director of both institutions until his retirement in 1929.
Phosphoglucomutase () is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group on an α-D-glucose monomer from the 1' to the 6' position in the forward direction or the 6' to the 1' position in the reverse direction.
After glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of a glucosyl residue from the glycogen polymer, the freed glucose has a phosphate group on its 1-carbon.
This glucose 1-phosphate molecule is not itself a useful metabolic intermediate, but phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of this glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate (see below for the mechanism of this reaction).
If the cell is low on energy, then glucose 6-phosphate will travel down the glycolytic pathway, eventually yielding two molecules of adenosine triphosphate.
If the cell is in need of biosynthetic intermediates, glucose 6-phosphate will enter the pentose phosphate pathway, where it will undergo a series of reactions to yield riboses and/or NADPH, depending on cellular conditions.
If glycogenolysis is taking place in the liver, glucose 6-phosphate can be converted to glucose by the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase; the glucose produced in the liver is then released to the bloodstream for use in other organs.
Muscle cells in contrast do not have the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase, so they cannot share their glycogen stores with the rest of the body.
In this case, phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (which is easily generated from glucose by the action of hexokinase) to glucose 1-phosphate.
The first step in the forward reaction is the transfer of a phosphoryl group from the enzyme to glucose 1-phosphate, forming glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and leaving a dephosphorylated form of the enzyme.
The enzyme then undergoes a rapid diffusional reorientation to position the 1-phosphate of the bisphosphate intermediate properly relative to the dephosphorylated enzyme.
Substrate-velocity relationships and induced transport tests have revealed that the dephosphorylated enzyme then facilitates the transfer of a phosphoryl group from the glucose-1,6-bisphosphate intermediate to the enzyme, regenerating phosphorylated phosphoglucomutase and yielding glucose 6-phosphate (in the forward direction).
Later structural studies confirmed that the single site in the enzyme that becomes phosphorylated and dephosphorylated is the oxygen of the active-site serine residue (see diagram below).
A bivalent metal ion, usually magnesium or cadmium, is required for enzymatic activity and has been shown to complex directly with the phosphoryl group esterified to the active-site serine.
This formation of a glucose 1,6-bisphosphate intermediate is analogous to the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase, in which 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is generated as an intermediate.
While rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase has served as the prototype for much of the elucidation of this enzyme's structure, newer bacterium-derived crystal structures exhibit many of the same defining characteristics.
Each phosphoglucomutase monomer can be divided into four sequence domains, I-IV, based on the enzyme’s default spatial configuration (see image at right).
Each monomer comprises four distinct α/β structural units, each of which contains one of the four strands in each monomer's β-sheet and is made up only of the residues in a given sequence domain (see image at right).
The burial of the active site (including Ser-116, the critical residue on the enzyme that is phosphorylated and dephosphorylated) in the hydrophobic interior of the enzyme serves to exclude water from counterproductively hydrolyzing critical phosphoester bonds while still allowing the substrate to access the active site.
This condition can be detected by an in vitro study of anaerobic glycolysis which reveals a block in the pathway toward lactic acid production after glucose 1-phosphate but before glucose 6-phosphate.
In 1604 Hernandarias was the first European explorer to reach the area; it was later explored by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera in 1662.
In 1955 after the government changed and the Peróns went into exile, both La Pampa and Chaco, which had been named for Juan Perón, were reverted to their original names.
The general aspect of the central-eastern part of the province is that of a plain gently tilted to the east that is dissected by valleys.
The valleys of La Pampa, known as the transverse valleys () are NE-SW oriented, with breadths of various kilometers and lengths of tens of kilometers.
While mostly flat the province do also contains mountains like Sierra de Lihuel Calel where a variety of landforms can be observed including inselbergs, flared slopes, domes, nubbins, tors, tafonis and gnammas.
Most of Sierra de Lihuel Calel is made up ignimbrite, a volcanic rock type that was violently erupted by ancient volcanoes.
In general, the province is dominated by two different types of climates: a temperate one in the east and a semi-arid one in the west.
Being characterized by large thermal amplitudes, the climate of the province has continental characteristics, particularly in the west where thermal amplitudes are much larger.
During summer, the South Atlantic High is displaced to the southeast, which brings hot and humid air masses from the north and northeast.
The South Pacific High in summer is responsible for bringing cooler air masses from the southwest which when these two contrasting air masses meet lead to precipitation occurring.
In contrast, winters are dry due the northward displacement of the South Atlantic high and the topographic barrier of the Andes north of 40S which prevents frontal systems that bring precipitation from reaching the province.
Any winds from the southwest during winter bring in cold and dry weather since most of the precipitation and humidity are released in the Andes.
Mean annual temperatures in the province range between although the thermal amplitude (difference between temperatures in the warmest and coldest months) is large.
In summer, mean temperatures in the warmest month (January) range from in the north and northeastern parts to in the west and southwestern parts of the province.
One characteristic of the precipitation in the province is that most of the precipitation occurs from October to March with little precipitation during winter.
La Pampa, long Argentina's most economically agricultural province, produced an estimated US$3.144 billion in output in 2006, or, US$10,504 per capita (almost 20% above the national average).
Agriculture contributes a fourth to La Pampa's economy, the most important activity being cattle ranching, with 3,632,684 (2002) head, which takes place all over the province.
The Northeast, on the more fertile lands, has also an important activity with wheat (10% of the national production), sunflower (13% of NP), maize, alfalfa, barley, and other cereals.
There's also a dairy industry of 300 centres of extraction and 25 cheese factories, honey production, and salt extraction from salt basins.
La Pampa is home to very little industry, construction or mining and, so, its services sector accounts for over two-thirds of the economy, a fairly high proportion.
Velvet is a teenager in the late 1920s, living in a small English coastal village in Sussex, dreaming of one day owning many horses.
Her mother is a wise, taciturn woman who was once famous for swimming the English Channel; her father is a butcher.
Velvet's best friend is her father's assistant, Mi (Michael) Taylor, whose father – as Mrs. Brown's swimming coach – helped her cross the channel.
After riding him in a local gymkhana, she and Mi seriously consider entering the Grand National steeplechase at Aintree racecourse and train the Piebald accordingly.
Mi uses his connections to the horse training/racing world and obtains a fake clearance document for Velvet in the name of James Tasky, a Russian jockey.
Velvet wins the race, but is disqualified for dismounting too soon after she slides off the saddle due to exhaustion, and her gender is discovered in the first-aid station.
Velvet and The Piebald become instant celebrities, with Velvet and her family nearly drowning in notoriety (echoing her mother's unsought fame after swimming the English Channel), complete with merchandising.
Velvet strongly objects to the publicity, saying The Piebald is a creature of glory who should not be cheapened in tabloid trash and newsreels.
She insists that she did not win the race, the horse did, and she simply wanted to see him go down in history.
The novel was made into a more or less faithful, highly successful film version in 1944, starring twelve-year-old Elizabeth Taylor and Mickey Rooney, with Donald Crisp, Anne Revere and a young Angela Lansbury.
In the film the horse, who was solid coloured, hence not a piebald (British English) or pinto (American English), was renamed The Pie.
While working with the horse with trainer Captain Johnson (Anthony Hopkins), she falls for an American competitor, Scott Saunders (Jeffrey Byron).
Later, after getting engaged to Scott, Sarah returns to England and presents the medal to her aunt Velvet as a keepsake and introduces her and John to Scott.
She was born seven months before her cousin, the actor Myles Ferguson, who died in a car crash when she was 20.
The Institution of Engineers of Ireland () or the IEI, is the second oldest Engineering Society on the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, and was established in 1835.
Membership of the institution is open to individuals based on academic and professional background and is separated into grades in accordance with criteria, including the Chartered Engineer and European Engineer titles.
In October 2005 the institution adopted the operating name Engineers Ireland in an attempt to reduce any confusion over what the abbreviation IEI means, and as a substitute for its current legal name which is often considered unwieldy; the legal name is, however, unchanged.
The history of the institution can be traced to 6 August 1835 when civil engineers met in Dublin; the result was the Civil Engineers Society of Ireland, in 1844 the society adopted the name the Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland (ICEI).
The institution received a Royal Charter on 15 October 1877, this being a significant milestone in obtaining international recognition and standing.
The institution is divided into three sectors; Divisions, Regions, and Societies, which are further subdivided – their purpose is to promote engineering and share knowledge.
He was raised in an Evangelical Christian upbringing, and later claimed that the various shows his church would put on had a profound influence on his desire to become an entertainer.
While there, Hodgson further developed his magic act by adding comedy and began opening for musical acts at Bethel as well as performing in coffee houses and comedy clubs.
Hodgson cites a Theatre of the Absurd class at Bethel taught by Dr. David Horn for helping him crystallize the meaning of his comedy.
In November of the same year Hodgson moved to Los Angeles where he became a regular performer at the Comedy Store and the Hollywood Magic Castle, as well as the Comedy Magic Club.
He worked at the Comedy Store while in LA, also doing traveling stand-up in San Jose, San Francisco, Detroit, Kansas City and Minneapolis.
Between 1984 and 1988, Hodgson's 'official' return to comedy, he built and sold sculptures, worked at a T-shirt factory, designed toys, and began designing and building props (including robots) for other comedians.
He met Jim Mallon in 1987, and Mallon became production manager at the St. Paul UHF station KTMA Channel 23 in 1988.
He starred as the show's long-suffering but inventive protagonist, Joel Robinson, who in the backstory is responsible for creating his own robot companions.
Hodgson's departure was scripted into the episode with the robot, Gypsy, ejecting Joel from the Satellite of Love in an escape pod after incorrectly believing Joel's captors were plotting to kill him.
His departure allowed the show to continue and gave him the opportunity to focus on his preferred creation and production work rather than on performing, which he did only reluctantly.
So we weren't getting along and so I just felt like — I thought it really could possibly jeopardize the show.
Hodgson will be present for each show, marking the first time he's hosted the show in several years, and his first time hosting alongside Jonah Ray.
Both were originally written for tenor voice but are frequently transposed to other vocal ranges, a precedent set by Schubert himself.
The two parts were also published separately by Tobias Haslinger, the first on 14 January 1828, and the second (the proofs of which Schubert was still correcting days before his death on 19 November) on 30 December 1828.
On 4 March 1827, Schubert invited a group of friends to his lodgings intending to sing the first group of songs, but he was out when they arrived, and the event was postponed until later in the year, when the full performance was given.
Between the 1823 and 1824 editions, Müller varied the texts slightly and also (with the addition of the further 12 poems) altered the order in which they were presented.
Dramatically, the first half is the sequence from the leaving of the beloved's house, and the second half the torments of reawakening hope and the path to resignation.
The piano supplies rich effects in the nature imagery of the poems, the voices of the elements, the creatures and active objects, the rushing storm, the crying wind, the water under the ice, birds singing, ravens croaking, dogs baying, the rusty weathervane grating, the post horn calling, and the drone and repeated melody of the hurdy-gurdy.
a change of season, December for May, and a deeper core of pain, the difference between the heartbreak of a youth and a man.
Müller is naive, sentimental, and sets against outward nature a parallel of some passionate soul-state which takes its colour and significance from the former.
Schubert's music is as naive as the poet's expressions; the emotions contained in the poems are as deeply reflected in his own feelings, and these are so brought out in sound that no-one can sing or hear them without being touched to the heart.
Over the course of the cycle, grief over lost love progressively gives way to more general existential despair and resignation – the beloved is last directly mentioned only halfway into the work – and the literal winter's journey is arguably at least in part allegorical for this psychological and spiritual one.
The cycle comprises a monodrama from the point of view of the wandering protagonist, in which concrete plot is somewhat ambiguous.
After his beloved falls for another, the grief-stricken young man steals away from town at night and follows the river and steep ways to a coal burner's hut, where he rests before moving on.
Here being denied even the death on which he has become fixated, he defiantly renounces faith before reaching a point of resignation.
Finally he encounters a derelict street musician, the first and only instance in the cycle in which another character is present.
The mysterious and ominous nature of the musician, along with the question posed in the last lines, leave the fate of the wanderer open to interpretation.
The resources of intellect and interpretative power required to deliver them, in the chamber or concert hall, challenge the greatest singers.
These have all been restored in Mandyczewski's edition (the widely available Dover score) and are offered as alternative readings in Fischer-Dieskau's revision of Max Friedlaender's edition for Peters.
Some videotaped performances are also available, including mezzo-soprano Christa Ludwig with (1994, Art Haus Musik), several by Fischer-Dieskau, one by Hermann Prey with pianist Helmut Deutsch, and a version by Thomas Quasthoff and pianist Daniel Barenboim filmed at the Berlin Philharmonie in 2005.
Born in New York City, he graduated with a BA in graphic arts from Michigan State University in 1959 and a BFA and MFA from Yale University in 1961 and 1963 and began his career filming commercials.
He was regarded as a prodigy at the private schools his parents sent him to, but rebelled as an adolescent by consorting with delinquents, getting into fights, and coming home drunk.
At Michigan State, Cimino majored in graphic arts, was a member of a weightlifting club, and participated in a group to welcome incoming students.
He trained for five months at Fort Dix, New Jersey and had a month of medical training in Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
Cimino graduated from Yale University, receiving his Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1961 and his Master of Fine Arts in 1963, both in painting.
After graduating from Yale, Cimino moved to Manhattan to work in Madison Avenue advertising and became a star director of television commercials.
When Thunderbolt's old partners try to find him, he and Lightfoot make a pact with them to pull one last big heist.
The film became a solid box office success at the time, making $25,000,000 at the box office with a budget of $4,000,000 and earned Bridges an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.
The film stars Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage as three buddies in a Pennsylvania steel mill town who fight in the Vietnam War and rebuild their lives in the aftermath.
The film went over-schedule and over-budget, but it became a massive critical and commercial success, and won five Oscars, including Best Director and Best Picture for Cimino.
Cimino's film was somewhat rehabilitated by an unlikely source: the Z Channel, a cable pay TV channel that at its peak in the mid-1980s served 100,000 of Los Angeles's most influential film professionals.
The full length, director approved version, was released on LaserDisc by MGM/UA, and later reissued on DVD and Blu-ray by the Criterion Collection.
In 2012, Cimino attended the premiere of a new edit at the Venice Film Festival, which was met with a standing ovation.
The subject matter in Cimino's films frequently focuses on aspects of American history and culture, notably disillusionment over the American Dream.
Cimino also gave his literary references as Vladimir Nabokov, Alexander Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy, Gore Vidal, Raymond Carver, Cormac McCarthy, the classics of Islamic literature, Frank Norris and Steven Pinker.
Taking its cue from more than the novel, it was largely modeled on architect Jørn Utzon's troubled building of the Sydney Opera House, as well as the construction of the Empire State Plaza in Albany, New York.
In 1987, Cimino attempted to make an epic saga about the 1920s Irish rebel Michael Collins, but the film had to be abandoned due to budget, weather and script problems.
However, Nelson Holdings International Ltd. cancelled the project after disclosing that its banks, including Security Pacific National Bank, had reduced the company's borrowing power after Nelson failed to meet certain financial requirements in its loan agreements.
The story was to have focused on several Europeans living in Shanghai during the tragic turmoil that characterized the onset of China's Communist regime.
The roughly $25 million project was to be filmed wholly on location in Shanghai and would have benefited from the support of China's government, which said it would provide some $2 million worth of local labor costs.
Later that year, the French Minister of Culture decorated him Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres and the Prix Littéraire Deauville 2001, an award that previously went to Norman Mailer and Gore Vidal.
Hickenlooper's book includes one of the few candid discussions with Cimino; Biskind focuses on events during and after the production as a later backdrop for the sweeping changes made to Hollywood and the movie brat generation.
However, Bach's work does discuss times in which he did appear at the shooting location to confront Cimino about the budgetary issues.
Critics, for example, Pauline Kael, John Simon and John Powers, have also noted and criticized these qualities in many of the films he wrote and directed.
As I see it, Michael Cimino doesn't think in terms of dramatic values: he doesn't know how to develop characters, or how to get any interaction among them.
He transposes an art-school student's approach from paintings to movies, and makes visual choices: this is a New York movie, so he wants a lot of blue and harsh light and a realistic surface.
He works completely derivatively, from earlier movies, and his only idea of how to dramatize things is to churn up this surface and get it roiling.
He doesn't actually dramatize himself—it isn't as if he tore his psyche apart and animated the pieces of it (the way a Griffith or a Peckinpah did).
Cimino was known for giving exaggerated, misleading and conflicting (or simply tongue-in-cheek) stories about himself, his background and his filmmaking experiences.
Cimino gave various dates for his birth, usually shaving a couple of years off to seem younger, including February 3, 1943; November 16, 1943; and February 3, 1952.
Cimino claimed he got his start in documentary films following his work in academia and nearly completed a doctorate at Yale.
Cimino's active service – six months while a student at Yale in 1962 – had been as a reservist who was never deployed to Vietnam.
Eric Weissmann, a friend and former lawyer of Cimino, said that friends had been unable to reach Cimino by phone for the last few days and called the police, who found him dead in his bed.
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
The pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the bottom.
the pressure increases; the temperature, and the amount of light decreases; the salinity, the amount of dissolved oxygen, and micronutrients (e.g.
In deep water, the pelagic zone is sometimes called the open-ocean zone and can be contrasted with water that is near the coast or on the continental shelf.
Fish that live in the demersal zone are called demersal fish, and can be divided into benthic fish, which are denser than water so they can rest on the bottom, and benthopelagic fish, which swim in the water column just above the bottom.
Among the species found in this zone are several species of squid; echinoderms including the basket star, swimming cucumber, and the sea pig; and marine arthropods including the sea spider.
Many of the species living at these depths are transparent and eyeless because of the total lack of light in this zone.
Biodiversity diminishes markedly in the deeper zones below the epipelagic zone as dissolved oxygen diminishes, water pressure increases, temperatures become colder, food sources become scarce, and light diminishes and finally disappears.
Pelagic birds, also called oceanic birds, live on the open sea, rather than around waters adjacent to land or around inland waters.
Pelagic fish live in the water column of coastal, ocean, and lake waters, but not on or near the bottom of the sea or the lake.
These fish are often migratory forage fish, which feed on plankton, and the larger fish that follow and feed on the forage fish.
Thorson's rule states that benthic marine invertebrates at low latitudes tend to produce large numbers of eggs developing to widely dispersing pelagic larvae, whereas at high latitudes such organisms tend to produce fewer and larger lecithotrophic (yolk-feeding) eggs and larger offspring.
Many species of sea turtles spend the first years of their lives in the pelagic zone, moving closer to shore as they reach maturity.
San Luis () is a province of Argentina located near the geographical center of the country (on the 32° South parallel).
Politics in San Luis have long been influenced by the descendants of the noted mid-19th century advocate for San Luis's integration into the rest of Argentina, Juan Saá.
Since the return of Argentina to democratic rule in 1983, in particular, the Rodríguez Saá family (of Peronist affiliation) has occupied the governor's seat.
This situation is, as in many smaller provinces in Argentina (and, indeed, elsewhere), partly explained by the customary use of a combination of nepotism, propaganda and generous social welfare legislation.
Since 1983, however, Governor (now Senator) Adolfo Rodríguez Saá has also overseen record investment by light manufacturers (mostly food-processors and bottling plants) and advances like the construction of Argentina's most extensive expressway network.
Industrial establishments installed after that year, exhibit great diversification and are mainly in two urban centers: the capital and Villa Mercedes.
Currently the province has the largest network of highways in the country, which connects most of the resorts with the provincial capital.
When the heir in the first generation of a branch predeceased the decedent, the share that would have been given to the heir would be distributed among the heir's issue in equal shares.
Per capita at each generation is an alternative way of distribution, where heirs of the same generation will each receive the same amount.
Under the per capita with representation approach, the number of branches is determined by reference to the generation nearest the testator which has a surviving descendant.
This method is also utilized in the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah, and West Virginia.
Indium phosphide can be prepared from the reaction of white phosphorus and indium iodide at 400 °C., also by direct combination of the purified elements at high temperature and pressure, or by thermal decomposition of a mixture of a trialkyl indium compound and phosphine.
InP is used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior electron velocity with respect to the more common semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide.
It was used with indium gallium arsenide to make a record breaking pseudomorphic heterojunction bipolar transistor that could operate at 604 GHz.
The company Infinera uses indium phosphide as its major technological material for manufacturing photonic integrated circuits for the optical telecommunications industry, to enable wavelength-division multiplexing applications.
On one hand there are spectroscopic applications, where a certain wavelength is needed to interact with matter to detect highly diluted gases for example.
Optoelectronic terahertz is used in ultra-sensitive spectroscopic analysers, thickness measurements of polymers and for the detection of multilayer coatings in the automotive industry.
Indium Phosphide (InP) is used to produce efficient lasers, sensitive photodetectors and modulators in the wavelength window typically used for telecommunications, i.e., 1550 nm wavelengths, as it is a direct bandgap III-V compound semiconductor material.
InP is a commonly used material for the generation of laser signals and the detection and conversion of those signals back to electronic form.
The terahertz radiation is generated from the beating signal of 2 InP lasers and an InP antenna that transforms the optical signal to the terahertz regime.
•     Quick verification of traces of toxic substances in gases and liquids (including tap water) or surface contaminations down to the ppb level.
•     Spectroscopy for many novel applications, especially in air pollution control are being discussed today and implementations are on the way.
While some players have opted for 830-to-940-nm wavelengths to take advantage of available optical components, companies (including Blackmore, Neptec, Aeye, and Luminar) are increasingly turning to longer wavelengths in the also-well-served 1550-nm wavelength band, as those wavelengths allow laser powers roughly 100 times higher to be employed without compromising public safety.
•   The automotive industry will adopt a chip-based, low cost solid state LiDAR sensor technology instead of large, expensive, mechanical LiDAR systems in the future.
Such components find their applications in wireless high-speed data communication (directional radio), radars (compact, energy-efficient and highly resolving), and radiometric sensing e. g. for weather- or atmospheric observations.
The sizes and volumes of both transistors based on InP material is very small: 0.1 µm x 10 µm x 1µm.
•   Biomedical applications: Millimeter-wave and THz spectrometers are employed for non-invasive diagnostics in medical applications from cancer tissue identification, diabetes detection, to medical diagnostics using human exhaled air.
Also today’s state-of-the-art high-efficiency solar cells for concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) and for space applications use (Ga)InP and other III-V compounds to achieve the required bandgap combinations.
Other technologies, such as Si solar cells, provide only half the power than III-V cells and furthermore show much stronger degradation in the harsh space environment.
Finally, Si-based solar cells are also much heavier than III-V solar cells and yield to a higher amount of space debris.
One way to significantly increase conversion efficiency also in terrestrial PV systems is the use of similar III-V solar cells in CPV systems where only about one-tenth of a percent of the area is covered by high-efficiency III-V solar cells.
Some sources give her birthdate as December 12 and others December 22, 1957, and lived there until she immigrated to the United States at age 10.
Her platinum-white close cropped haircut, aggressive speaking manner, and habit of being barefoot while speaking in public became elements of her celebrity.
Some situations are resolved over a number of episodes, for example, developing and performing an animal show designed to startle the audience.
…the staff and voluntary workers of the Islamic Human Rights Commission - … put the lie to the common idea that Islam and human rights are irreconcilable.
During the 2014 summer war on Gaza, IHRC held a high-profile campaign to get people to show solidarity with Palestinians by flying a Palestinian flag.
Other campaigns include the Prisoners of Faith project, which has included campaigns to release various religious figures from imprisonment for their religious beliefs.
The organisation also states the following have been released as a result of their campaigning: Mallam Turi, Zeenah Ibrahim from Nigeria; Sheikh Al-Jamri, Bahrain; Huda Kaya, Bekir Yildiz, Recep Tayyep Erdogan, Nurilhak Saatcioglu, Nurcihan Saatioglu,Turkey; Sheikh Ahmed Yassine, Abdul Aziz Rantissi, Rabbi Biton, Sheikh Abdulkareem Obeid, Mustafa Dirani from Israeli detention; Mohammed Mahdi Akef, Egypt; Dr. Muhammad Osman Elamin, Sudan; Cehl Meeah, Mauritius; Abbasi Madani and Ali Behadj, Algeria.
Current campaigns for 'Prisoners of Faith' focus on USA detainees and include Sheikh Omar Abdul Rahman, his attorney Lynne Stewart (released December 2013), Ghassen Elashi and former Black Panther Imam Jamil Al-Amin, as well as Egyptian detainees including Khairet El-Shater (released in 2010 and reincarcerated in 2013 after the coup).
for release of detainees in Bahrain, against brutalisation of immigrant women in France, and against nikab bans in France, Bosnia, Belgium and Spain.
In May 2010, IHRC organised and led a delegation of European Muslim organisations to Turkey to lobby the Turkish government to veto Israel's accession to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
After a BBC documentary broadcast on 15 July 2004 exposed very strong anti-Islamic opinions within the far-right British National Party, the IHRC has campaigned for the prohibition of that party.
The bulk of IHRC's advocacy work, it claims, is undertaken away from the public glare and involves helping individuals with discrimination cases involving Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism.
Commission (IHRC), the only community group in London with case workers to help Muslim victims of hate crimes like Yasir, and that helped us to pull through'.
On 3 August 2006, the IHRC asked for judicial review of its allegations that the British government assisted with military shipments to Israel, which was eventually denied.
In 2013 it claimed victory in the case, after the British government made a U-turn on the introduction of the full naked body scanners, before the matter came to court.
the dissolution of civil liberties, health issues, the explicit nature of the body scanners and storage of images, as well as the fact that the scanners could not detect plastics and liquids which was given as a reason for their introduction.
In 2014, IHRC Legal, a new section of IHRC was launched, quickly claiming a victory in a discrimination case featuring university lecturer who claimed indirect racial discrimination against his employers.
The advocacy section is also involved in trial monitoring, with observer trips to Turkey, Mauritius and Bahrain featuring in this field.
The organisation produced several reports based on third party reporting of anti-Muslim hate crimes in the UK, including statistics the month after 9-11 and the year post-9-11.
In 2009 - 10 it launched a pilot project in the UK and France using a survey method, resulting in the publication of its findings in Getting the Message: The Recurrence of Hate Crimes in the UK (2011) and France and the Hated Society: Muslims Experiences (2012).
The project was refined and rerun in California, USA and Canada resulting in the publication of Once Upon a Hatred: Anti-Muslim experiences in the USA (2013) and Only Canadian: The experience of Hate Moderated Differential Citizenship for Muslims (2014).
Its methodology involves surveying a sample of the Muslim population in each country and assessing the levels of negative experience encountered.
The statistics for physical assault in the various surveys showed that in the UK, nearly 14% had experienced a violent physical assault.
If the UK figures are extrapolated to the entire UK population of Muslims (nearly 3 million), it suggest that some 420,000 Muslims have experienced a physical hate attack.
The list of countries it has submitted reports on in the period 2007 – 2010 are: Iraq, China, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, France, Sri Lanka, The Philippines, Tunisia, Morocco, India, Bahrain, United Kingdom.
on hijab and freedom of religious expression, even submitting some of these to UN committees such as the Committee for the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
Further reports, briefings and submissions to the government's consultations tackled various anti-terrorism laws and policies including the CONTEST and PREVENT strategies, moves to remove citizenship from terror suspects, stops and searches, and stops at ports and airports.
The organisation started 2015 by stating that it was pulling out of the consultative process on the anti-terror laws with the government, claiming that participation only legitimated the raft of unjust laws.
... examined 1125 responses to a questionnaire and the responses from 52 personal interviews of Muslims living in various cities within the UK.
The strength of these studies is in the intercultural approach taken and the comprehensive nature of the investigation in looking at the topics as seen in the literature as well as the results of their extensive array of questions on numerous topics related to their perceptions of the consequences of living in a majority culture.
Each volume ends with the views of leading citizens on the given topic and a list of recommendations for the British government to consider at the policy level as a result of the findings.
In addition to the BMEG project, IHRC's research section has used the idea of citizenship as a critical lens through which to discuss social issue.
It looks both at the technical specificity of citizenship and its denial (in a crossover of concern with the advocacy and campaigns departments) e.g.
Other theoretical work includes papers on human rights discourse, as well as Islam and human rights represented in reports, papers presented at seminars, participation in wider research projects e.g.
In 2006, IHRC issued a joint statement signed by various public figures calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Israel-Lebanon war, and calling on the British government to be evenhanded.
Signatories included Vanessa Redgrave, various other MPs including David Gottlieb, Ann Cryer, Clare Short, Frank Dobson, Ian Gibson, John Austin and Jeremy Corbyn, as well as various Islamic, Christian and Jewish groups and individuals including Muslim Council of Britain, Jews against Zionism, Rev Fr.
This statement and IHRC's research work and participation in protest events during the war attracted controversy in the right-wing press (see Controversy and Criticism below).
The IHRC has on a number of occasions organised joint statements with various Islamic groups about British terror legislation, and has collaborated with prominent civil liberties lawyers Gareth Peirce and Louise Christian.
In December 2014, the organisation is organised the conference Institutional Islamophobia, subtitling it 'A conference to examine state racism and social engineering of the Muslim community'.
The conference was part of an initiative by Decoloniality Europe where several organised across Europe as part of the International Day Against Islamophobia Initiative, launched on 9 December in Brussels, Belgium.
Two days before the conference was scheduled to take place, Birkbeck, University of London, cancelled the organisation's booking for the conference (see Controversies below), forcing the event to be relocated to the P21 Gallery.
Birkbeck were roundly criticised for the cancellation with academics and teaching unions protesting the move, claiming that the cancellation was itself evidence of Islamophobia and racism.
The Annual Islamophobia Awards is the name of a spoof awards ceremony held by the organisation in 2003 - 2006 and again from 2014 onwards.
The organisation seek nominations from the public and open a public voting system to find the 'Islamophobes' of the year from any sector of public life.
In the Islamophobia Awards there are two divisions of awards given, one division is the spoof division given to the public vote for Islamophobes for being 'Islamophobic', the other is given to people who have dedicated their work to tackling Islamophobia and to recognize them.
Speakers at the conference included Michel Warschawski, Uri Davis, Rabbi Yisroel Weiss, Rabbi Ahron Cohen, Roland Rance, Les Levidow, Jeffrey Blankfort, Professor Yakov Rabkin, and John Rose.
In 2005, the IHRC brought Christian, Muslim and Jewish scholars, clerics and activists together for an international conference discussing Liberation Theology in the context of Palestine.
The event, held in London in January included a Holocaust survivor speaking about his experiences during the period and his support for the Palestinian struggle.
Other genocides that were commemorated, included the little known massacre of 10 million Indians by the British [highly dubious assertion, citation needed, the Wikipedia article on the Mutiny/Rebellion contains no such claim] in the decade after the Indian Mutiny in the 19th century; the transatlantic slave trade; Srebrenica; and the genocide of Native Americans.
The event has been held every year since then on the third Sunday of January, a date associated with the cessation of the Israeli war against Gaza in 2009, known as Operation Cast Lead.
Speakers included: Michael Warschawski (Alternative Information Center); Yehudit Keshet (Checkpoint Watch); Daud Abdullah (Palestinian Return Centre); Jennifer Loewenstein (University of Wisconsin); Michael Bailey (Oxfam); Meir Margalit (Israeli Committee against House Demolitions).
During the 2006 Lebanon War, IHRC undertook various actions in opposition to the war and called on the British government to be evenhanded in its treatment of the parties.
The Spectator and various parts of the right wing press declared that this was a sign that an Iranian backed spate of terror attacks on the UK were imminent, citing in particular the posters and IHRC.
They failed to note that Hizbullah flags at said demonstrations were sported by many including orthodox Rabbis, and the now infamous banners held by amongst others middle class English women appalled at the slaughter.
Far-right groups threatened to demonstrate against the Institutional Islamophobia Conference in December 2014, and SOAS Anarchist Society stated they would hold a counter-demonstration.
Birkbeck University of London, where the conference was scheduled to be held cancelled the booking, reportedly citing concerns about the presence of the SOAS Anarchist Society.
The article claimed that IHRC Chair Massoud Shadjareh, whilst appearing on the Today programme, made moral equivalents between Muslims in Guantanamo Bay and the fate of Gillian Gibbons in Sudan.
I read with great bewilderment and astonishment the accusations made by Melanie Philips against the IHRC (The Spectator 3 August 2006).
I felt, as I still do today, that Israel and present Zionism abuse and distort the basic humanist and universal values Judaism has given the world.
This cultural legacy that has placed Jews at the forefront in the struggle for civil rights in the USA and against the Apartheid regime in South Africa.
The same legacy and concern has led Jews like myself around the world to stand alongside Muslim victims wherever they were, even when the victimizers were Jews and Israelis.
I read the same documents Philips mentions before I decided to be part of the campaign in Britain for human rights for everyone regardless of their race, religion or nationality.
As this is a letter and not an article I do have the space to refute all the vicious and unfounded accusations made by Philips.
Similar descriptions and analysis one can find in the annual reports of Amnesty international and the Israeli human rights societies reports.
IHRC's chairman, Massoud Shadjareh criticised the prosecution of Abu Hamza in 2006, his extradition in 2012 to the US, and his conviction in 2014 in the US.
Notwithstanding Abu Hamza's controversial character and views, it seems astounding that this week Nick Griffin and his co-defendant from the BNP walked free from court and Abu Hamza has been convicted.
At a time when we are witnessing free speech mania directed at Muslims who have been told to put up with any insult, offence and abuse in the name of free speech, this verdict sends yet another signal that Muslims are not equal in the eyes of the law of this country.
Today's remarks by the PM David Cameron appearing to criticise our commitment to the European Convention on Human Rights for making deportations difficult confirms this belief.
The group has campaigned for the release of Omar Abdel-Rahman, who was convicted for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, citing criticisms of the judgment including the use of laws not used since the American Civil War to convict Abdel-Rahman.
Its supporters, including British MPs, US academics and others claim it to be a source of good and reliable information for abuses in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Turkey, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Malaysia.
.. an interesting aspect of IHRC radicalism is that the group does not restrict criticism of human rights abuses to Western governments... it also condemns 'militant' Islamic regimes, such as Sudan for human rights abuses in Darfur...
On the whole, the more oppressive an Islamic state is, and the more it officially propagates pro-Islamic doctrines or institutions, the less likely the Islamic Human Rights Commission has been to criticize it.
Another contradictory critique comes from pro-Israel groups like the Stephen Roth Institute, who critique IHRC's opposition to the Saudi Arabian regime, including links it claims the organisation has with UK based Saudi dissident Muhammad al-Mas'ari.
The institute also criticises IHRC for working with Imam Muhammad al-'Asi (whom they incorrectly refer to as an American convert), who was the elected Imam of the Washington D.C. Mosque but who was locked out of the premises and banned by the Saudi Embassy.
The IHRC responded to the article four days later, explaining that the shares were a gift from a supporter, who told the Commission that they were shares in property.
The use of Fischer projections in non-carbohydrates is discouraged, as such drawings are ambiguous when confused with other types of drawing.
The carbon chain is depicted vertically, with carbon atoms sometimes not shown and represented by the center of crossing lines (see figure below).
In an aldose, C1 is the carbon of the aldehyde group; in a ketose, C1 is the carbon closest to the ketone group, which is typically found at C2.
For instance, a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms (triose), such as the D-Glyceraldehyde depicted above has a tetrahedral geometry, with C2 at its center, and can be rotated in space so that the carbon chain is vertical with C1 at the top, and the horizontal bonds connecting C2 with -H and -OH are both slanted toward the viewer.
However, when creating a Fischer projection for a monosaccharide with more than three carbons, there's no way to orient the molecule in space so that all horizontal bonds will be slanted toward the viewer.
After rotating the molecule so that both the horizontal bonds with C2 are slanted toward the viewer, the horizontal bonds with C3 will be typically slanted away.
So, after drawing the bonds with C2, before drawing the bonds with C3 the molecule must be rotated in space by 180° about its vertical axis.
This implies that in most cases a Fisher projection is not an accurate representation of the actual 3D configuration of a molecule.
It can be regarded as a projection of a modified version of the molecule, ideally twisted at multiple levels along its backbone.
For instance, an open-chain molecule of D-glucose rotated so that that the horizontal bonds with C2 are slanted toward the viewer, would have the bonds with C3 and C5 slanted away from the viewer, and hence its accurate projection would not coincide with a Fisher projection.
According to IUPAC rules, all hydrogen atoms should preferably be drawn explicitly; in particular, the hydrogen atoms of the end group of carbohydrates should be present.
They can also be used for amino acids or for other organic molecules, although this is discouraged by the 2006 IUPAC recommendations.
For instance, by definition, in a Fisher projection the penultimate (next-to-last) carbon of D-sugars are depicted with hydrogen on the left and hydroxyl on the right.
The groups on the right hand side of a Fischer projection are equivalent to those below the plane of the ring in Haworth projections.
Wedge-and-dash notation is used to represent the stereochemistry of most classes of organic compounds, with Newman projections being used to depict specific conformations of rotatable bonds of organic molecules (including but not limited to carbohydrates).
The ship was originally ordered from Meyer Werft by a Norwegian shipping company led by Parley Augustsen with intended traffic between Norway and Germany.
At the last moment, the company withdrew their order and the contract went to Rederi Ab Sally, one of the partners in the Viking Line consortium (SF Line, another partner in Viking Line, had also been interested in the ship).
When Sally took over the construction contract, the ship was lengthened from the original length of approximately to approximately and the superstructure of the ship was largely redesigned.
The construction of the ship's bow consisted of an upwards-opening visor and a car ramp that was placed inside the visor when it was closed.
The actual ownership of the ship was rather complex, in order for Nordstöm & Thulin to get a loan to buy the ship.
Although Nordström & Thulin were the company who bought the ship, her registered owners were Estline Marine Co Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus, who chartered the ship to E.Liini A/S, Tallinn, Estonia (daughter company of Nordström & Thulin and ESCO) who in turn chartered the ship to EstLine Ab.
According to the final disaster report, the weather was rough, with a wind of , force 7–8 on the Beaufort scale and a significant wave height of compared with the highest measured significant wave height in the Baltic Sea of .
At about 01:15, the visor in the ship's bow door opened, and the ship immediately took on a heavy starboard list (initially around 15 degrees, but by 01:30, the ship had rolled 60 degrees and by 1:50 the list was 90 degrees) as water flooded into the vehicle deck.
The vessel's rapid list and the flooding prevented many people in the cabins from ascending to the boat deck, as water not only flooded the vessel via the car deck, but also through windows in cabins as well as the massive windows along deck 6.
Survivors reported that water flowed down from ceiling panels, stairwells and along corridors from decks that were not yet under water.
Tammes was able to provide some details about their situation but, due to a loss of power, he could not give their position, which delayed rescue operations somewhat.
The ship disappeared from the radar screens of other ships at around 01:50, and sank at in international waters, about on bearing 157° from Utö island, Finland, to the depth of of water.
Search and rescue followed arrangements set up under the 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (the SAR Convention), and the nearest Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre MRCC Turku coordinated the effort in accordance with Finland's plans.
The Baltic is one of the world's busiest shipping areas, with 2,000 vessels at sea at any time, and these plans assumed the ship's own boats and nearby ferries would provide immediate help and that helicopters could be airborne after an hour.
This scheme had worked for the relatively small number of accidents involving sinkings, particularly as most ships have few people on board.
Ships rescued 34 and helicopters 104; the ferries played a much smaller part than the planners had intended because it was too dangerous to launch their man-overboard (MOB) boats or lifeboats.
The commission estimated that up to 310 passengers reached the outer decks, 160 of whom boarded the liferafts or lifeboats essential for survival.
The wreck was examined and videotaped by remotely operated underwater vehicles and by divers from a Norwegian company, Rockwater A/S, contracted for the investigation work.
The official report indicated that the locks on the bow door had failed from the strain of the waves and the door had separated from the rest of the vessel, pulling the ramp behind it ajar.
While there was video monitoring of the inner ramp, the monitor on the bridge was not visible from the conning station.
The bow visor was under-designed, as manufacturing and approval process did not consider the visor and its attachments as critical items regarding ship safety.
The first metallic bang was believed to have been the sound of the visor's lower locking mechanism failing, and subsequent noises were the visor 'flapping' against the hull as the other locks failed, before tearing free and exposing the bow ramp.
The report was critical of the crew's actions, particularly for failing to reduce speed before investigating the noises emanating from the bow, and for being unaware that the list was being caused by water entering the vehicle deck.
There were also general criticisms of the delays in sounding the alarm, the passivity of the crew, and the lack of guidance from the bridge.
Recommendations for modifications to be applied to similar ships included separation of the condition sensors from the latch and hinge mechanisms.
In 1999, special training requirements in crowd and crisis management and human behaviour were extended to crew on all passenger ships, and amendments were made to watch-keeping standards.
Had they been activated automatically, it would have been immediately obvious that the ship had sunk and the location would have been clear.
New International Maritime Organization (IMO) Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) liferaft regulations for rescue from listing ships in rough water were introduced, though launching such craft, even in training exercises, remains dangerous for the crew.
SOLAS 90, which came into effect in 2010, specifies existing passenger ships' stability requirements and those in North West Europe must also be able to survive of water on the car deck.
Members of the Joint Accident Investigation Commission denied these claims, saying that the damage seen on the debris occurred during the visor's detachment from the vessel.
The JAIC cited results from Germany's Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, which found that Jutta Rabe's samples did not prove an explosion occurred.
The Swedish and Estonian governments subsequently launched separate investigations, which both confirmed that non-explosive military equipment was aboard the ship on 14 and 20 September 1994.
According to the Swedish Ministry of Defence, no such equipment was on board on the day of the disaster, and previous investigations by the Swedish Customs Service found no reports of any anomalous activity around the day of the disaster.
In the aftermath of the disaster, many relatives of the deceased demanded that their loved ones be raised from international waters and given a land burial.
Demands were also made that the entire ship be raised so that the cause of the disaster could be discovered by detailed inspection.
Dahir Rayale Kahin (, ) (born 12 March 1952) is a Somali politician who was President of Somaliland from 2002 to 2010.
He previously served as a senior officer in the National Security Service of Somalia, and he was Vice President of Somaliland from 1997 to 2002.
In the last years of the Siad Barre government, during the 1980s, Kahin was the highest-ranking National Security Service (NSS) officer in Berbera.
On 3 May 2002, Kahin became the third President of Somaliland, after the death of the autonomous region's President Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal.
Kahin later won the elections on 14 April 2003, representing the Ururka Dimuqraadiga Umada Bahawday (UDUB), or United Democratic People's Party.
Regions and districts in Somaliland are not just an instrument for the organisation of local government, they are also used as electoral districts.
Moreover, as these new regions and districts were never geographically delimitated, they argued that he saddled the region with a legacy that hampers the efficient organisation of local government to this day.
Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil.
Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range.
This is the second province in volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines.
Before the arrival of Spanish conquistadores, different tribes like Huarpes, Diaguitas, Capazanes, Olongastas and Yacampis, highly influenced by the Inca empire, inhabited the area.
The city of San Juan de la Frontera was founded by Juan Jufré y Montesa in 1562 and relocated 2 kilometres south in 1593 due to the frequent flooding of the San Juan River.
In 1776, San Juan was annexed to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, becoming one of the cities of the Province of Cuyo.
Following an era of international isolation for Argentina, the advent of new, more liberal government in 1853 attracted a number of exiled intellectuals back into San Juan.
Sarmiento was eventually elected governor in 1862, pursuing sorely needed public investments and enacting Argentina's first law mandating compulsory education (at that time about 80% of the adult population lacked any form of education).
A fundraiser was organized to raise money for the victims of the quake where Colonel Juan Perón met his eventual wife and political companion Eva Duarte.
A more powerful earthquake stuck the same city in 1977; however new construction codes put in effect following the 1944 incident kept damage to a relative minimum.
Among the most rapidly growing provinces in Argentina after 1945, the national government began the construction of the National University of San Juan, which opened its doors in 1973.
Congress further responded to the needs of San Juan's growing agricultural sector by breaking ground in the mid '70s for the largest hydrostructural project in the province up to that point, the Ullum Dam and Reservoir.
Inaugurated in 1980, it has contributed to the province's production of irrigated desert crops, like olives, figs and, most importantly, wine grapes.
In 2005, Barrick Gold Corporation, one of the world's largest gold-mining conglomerates, announced the purchase of large tracts in the San Juan Andes where a gold mine was started.
These have, so far, been yielding over 11,000 ounces of gold yearly, though evidence suggests these activities may be having an adverse impact on San Juan's glaciers.
In 2007, the same company installed the world's highest-situated wind turbine at the Veladero mine in San Juan Province at nearly 4,200m elevation.
The arid plains start on the east, with a few low hills in the middle and swiftly turn into 6,000-meter-high mountain peaks towards the west.
The Jáchal and San Juan rivers, both part of Desaguadero River system, are the source of fertile valleys and centre of the province's economy.
San Juan concentrates most of its population in the oases or central valleys, Tulum Valley, Zonda, Ullum and Jáchal, containing nearly 80% of this population.
Since the beginning, the inhabitants of the region understood that the arid climate required an advanced artificial irrigation system with dams and channels.
Viticulture is the main crop of the province's economy, with some 500 km² (56% of the productive area), and the rest is reserved for wine production counting 90% of the crop.
Since 1980, San Juan has experienced an industrial expansion that now includes, in addition to the wineries, food processing plants, chemical, plastics, iron, auto parts and textiles factories.
In the year 2000, the province came into mineral development with the Veladero Project of Barrick Gold, which, on the first year of mining alone, yielded more than 11,000 ounces of gold.
These efforts were intensified with more projects including the Easter Lama, with the particularity that it is shared with neighboring Chile.
Energy production is mainly hydroelectric, produced by a few dams such as Quebrada de Ullum, La Roza, San Emiliano and El Pinar Station, which also help to regulate the water level for irrigation of the arid lands.
In the west, the towns of Calingasta Barreal and Tamberías, many projects are being develop to foster adventure tourism by with the practice of climbing the Mount Mercedario, which is one of the highest peaks in America.
It is known for its modern architecture that differentiates it from others cities in the rest of the country, with wide tree-lined streets as well as hardwood parks, plazas and walkways, in the middle of the desert of San Juan.
A number of joyful celebrations are held in the province, combining old and new traditions that pay homage to economic activities or natural events like Fiesta Nacional del Sol, which takes the form of annual parades carousel and various artistic performances.
A ski resort is under development, located in the mountainous area of Calingasta, western part of the province, where the largest ski tracks in South America are being constructed.
San Juan has a good transportation network, as most of the routes that connect with the rest of the country are in very good maintenance condition.
The more important routes are the RN40, which crosses from north to south and joins the provinces of Mendoza and La Rioja, the RN20, which links San Juan with the city of Buenos Aires and Cordoba, the RN150, which allows a connection to the country of Chile.
There are important projects under way that will allow a connection with the province of La Rioja, the entire northern Fertile Valley, Jáchal and Church, and with Chile, which will be a vital part of the strategic corridor Pacific-Atlantic .
This project for the construction of a communication path connecting the Pacific ports of (Coquimbo, Chile) and Atlantic (Porto Alegre, Brazil) by Paso de Agua Negra, has been under development for more than a decade.
Its importance lies in the necessity of the Southern Cone countries to put their export production into the global market at lower costs.
There are another important transportation centers in San José de Jáchal and in the city of Caucete, which is currently under construction.
The public transportation system in the city of San Juan and surrounding areas includes buses that connect downtown with other cities such as Villa Krause, Rivadavia, Santa Lucia, Villa Paula Sarmiento Albarracín and Aberastain.
The Owl Creek Mountains are a subrange of the Rocky Mountains in central Wyoming in the United States, running east to west to form a bridge between the Absaroka Range to the northwest and the Bridger Mountains to the east.
The Wind River passes through the gap between the range and the Bridger Mountains to the east, and becomes the Bighorn River on the north side of the mountains.
Duathlon is an athletic event that consists of a running leg, followed by a cycling leg and then another running leg in a format similar to triathlons.
Duathlons are most similar to triathlons, with the key difference being the replacement of the swimming leg with a second run.
Other sports derived from triathlon include aquathlon, which combines swimming and running but has omitted the cycling part, and aquabike, with the swim and bike and no run.
In this variation, the cycling and running segments need to be undertaken simultaneously by a team consisting of a predetermined number of individuals.
All the members of a team must be together at any given point of time but exchanging the tasks of running and cycling amongst the team members themselves is permitted.
The challenge is to rotate the task of running at an optimum rate such that the time from start to destination is minimized.
The Powerman Duathlon World Series is the major international duathlon series with 10-20 middle to long distance races across the globe each year.
The series incorporates National, Continental and World Championships as well as numerous series races awarding points to crown an overall series winner at the end of the season after the world championships in September.
The world's largest duathlon to date is the inaugural London Duathlon, which took place on 17 September 2005 in Richmond Park, Surrey.
Since 2005 London Duathlon has grown to just under 4,000 participants, 2010 saw the first running of the Ultra Distance at London which will consist of 20 km run, 77 km bike and 10 km run.
Now in its 9th year, London Duathlon will be taking place on Sunday 14 September 2014 offering athletes of all abilities the chance to race through the stunning surroundings of Richmond Park while on closed roads.
It is a hilly 10 km run, mostly on trails, followed by a very hilly 150 km road bike consisting of three 50 km loops each of which feature the Bodenburg ascent (scene of Kenny Souza's DNF in a snow storm when he raced in a neon Speedo and small tank top), and finally a very hilly 30 km two loop trail run.
The longest continually running duathlon series is still organized by the NY Triathlon Club in and around New York City, USA.
Hosted by singer Kevin Gillis, and co-hosted by Trevor Bruneau and Tammy Bourne, the half-hour live-action series was sports-themed and encouraged fitness and good health.
The show was written by Jack Hutchinson and Jamie Wayne, produced by Bill Hunt, directed by Ron Piggott and executive produced by Michael Lansbury.
The game takes place in the year 3000 AD, centuries after mankind has developed advanced spacecraft, and discovered new worlds and intelligent life-forms within and beyond the Solar system.
GALCOM supreme commander Stranix reports a Sphinx class battlecruiser intentionally destroyed by a Gammulan orbital defence system, with no survivors; meanwhile, a team of Renegade class interceptors ambushes a Gammulan starfighter in GALCOM space.
Derek Smart began his game development career in the late 1980s, with a vision of creating an all-encompassing space simulation game, featuring strategy elements along with space, planetary, air and ground combat.
Smart became known to the then-nascent online gaming world through discussions taking place on Usenet about the game, his development efforts, and many other topics.
Intracorp bid for the rights to publish the game; with a disagreement over source code release, the deal never progressed beyond a letter of intent.
Take-Two Interactive bought the publishing rights to the game from Mission Studios in 1995, and released v1.00 of the game, with GameTek (UK) publishing the game in 1997.
The deal made with EB was a first of its kind merchant exclusivity deal for a game's release, with an independent developer paying for all materials to publish the game for distribution through the retailer.
When the game was redesigned, the developer discovered that the original design architecture of the game kernel prevented the implementation of multiplayer, so the game was redesigned.
Before publisher Take-Two Interactive released Battlecruiser 3000AD in September 1996, it had generated one of the longest and largest flame wars in the history of Usenet.
This flame war lasted for several years, garnered over 70,000 posts, and yielded a series of sites that documented and parodied its history.
After the initial release, Smart issued several patches and upgrades for the product over the next few months, and eventually a final patch was released to fix some of the major bugs.
In February 1998, after obtaining publishing rights from Take-Two Interactive, Smart released the game on the Internet for download free of charge.
Derek Smart filed a lawsuit against Take-Two Interactive (who also released the game in the UK through a sub-license deal with GameTek), alleging breach of contract.
Gametek promoted the game in the UK with a notorious print ad featuring model Joanne Guest wearing lingerie and straddling a copy of the game.
According to some reviews of the game, it was as encompassing and strategically pleasing as the developer had set out to make, but lacked in user interface design friendliness and atmosphere.
In 2003 Gamespy named it the 19th most overrated game of all time due to the hype Derek produced with his extremely ambitious gameplay promises that he would ultimately be unable to fulfill.
In organic chemistry, an amino sugar (or more technically a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar) is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group.
Glycals are cyclic enol ether derivatives of monosaccharides, having a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the ring.
One advantage of introducing azide moiety at C-2 lies in its non-participatory ability, which could serve as the basis of stereoseletive synthesis of 1.2-cis-glycosidic linkage.
For galactal, addition of azide to the double bond will preferentially occur from equatorial direction because of steric hindrance at the top face caused by axial group at C-4.
Glycals may also be converted into amino sugars by nitration followed by treatment with thiophenol (Michael addition) to furnish a thioglycoside donor.
For instance glycal, activated by thianthrene-5-oxide and TfO is treated with an amide nucleophile and a glycosyl acceptor to produce various 1,2-trans C-2-amidoglycosides.
This methodology makes the introduction of both natural and non-natural amide functionalities at C-2 possible and more importantly with glycosidic bond formation at the same time in a one-pot procedure.
Nucleophilic displacement can be an effective strategy for the synthesis of amino sugars, however success strongly depends upon the nature of nucleophile, the type of leaving group and site of displacements on sugar rings.
One aspect of this problem is that displacements at the C2 position tend to be slow as it is adjacent to the anomeric centre; this is particularly true for glycosides with axially-oriented aglycones.
It was centred on shamed former Prime Minister Bennett Macdonald, played by Don Ferguson, who was trying to adjust to a life where the best job he could find was at a small law firm in a shopping mall.
The series also starred Dave Broadfoot as Macdonald's law partner, Kathy Greenwood as his wife, and Jessica Holmes as his secretary Jasmine.
The series produced just two episodes, which the CBC aired back-to-back as a one-off comedy special on February 27, 2004 after declining to pick up any further episodes.
It was created by Steven Barwin and Gabriel David Tick, who were also executive producers along with Don Ferguson and Roger Abbott.
The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated dog breed of medium to large size that, in its original form, was a type of collie used and bred for herding sheep in Scotland.
There is a smooth-coated variety known as a Smooth Collie; some breed organisations, including both the American and Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat breeds to be variations of the same breed.
When the English saw these dogs at the Birmingham market, they interbred them with their own variety of sheepdogs, producing a mixture of short- and long-haired varieties.
When Queen Victoria acquired a Rough Collie, after seeing one at Balmoral Castle, they were transformed into something of a fashion item.
In the UK the Rough Collie is no longer used for serious herding, having been replaced by the Border Collie, though in the United States and a number of European countries, there has been a resurgence in the use of the Collie as a working and performance dog.
The Collie Club of America is one of the oldest breed-specific clubs in existence in the United States (founded in 1886).
In the 18th century, the Rough Collie's natural home was in the highlands of Scotland, where he had been used for centuries as a sheepdog.
The dogs were bred with great care in order to assist their masters in the herding and guarding of their flock.
It is from England that we find the famous pillars of the breed, from which the American fanciers sought not only their next big winner, but also their foundation stock.
The downy undercoat is covered by a long, dense, coarse outer coat with a notable ruff around the neck, feathers about the legs, a petticoat on the abdomen, and a frill on the hindquarters.One of the characteristic features of the Rough Collie is its head.
This is light in relation to the rest of the body, and resembles a blunted wedge tapering smoothly from ears to black nose, with a distinct stop and parallel head planes.
Rough Collies have a blunter, more gradually tapering, face than the smaller, but otherwise very similar Shetland Sheepdog, which is partly descended from the Rough Collie.
The planes of the muzzle and the top of the skull should be parallel in collies, with a slight but distinct stop.
Furthermore, once seen, the contrast between the Rough Collie head and that of a Border Collie is immediately apparent, the latter having a considerably shorter muzzle and a more distinct stop between muzzle and forehead.
The size and weight varies among breed standards; male collies can stand 55.8 to 66 cm (22 to 26 in) at the shoulder; the female averages 5 cm (2 in) shorter.
Collies in the US are sometimes reported to be over a hundred pounds, but a large collie typically weighs no more than 70 pounds.
Rough Collies are very loyal and may be one-family dogs (although most make exceptions for children), but are very rarely aggressive or protective beyond barking and providing a visual deterrent.
The rough collie's long coat has made the breed successful on northern Midwest farms as an able herder and guardian of the farm during the winter.
The dog needs to be gradually acclimated to the cold and a suitable insulated outdoor shelter must be provided for the dog along with ample quality food and a source of unfrozen water.
Collie eye anomaly (CEA), a genetic disease which causes improper development of the eye and possible blindness, is a common ailment in the breed.
More rarely, Rough Collies can be affected by progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), another genetic disease in which bilateral degeneration of the retina results in progressive vision loss culminating in blindness.
Through genetic testing and careful screening program it would be theoretically possible to eradicate both of these problems in purebred lines, however, certainly in the UK, the Kennel Club does not require these tests to be done either for registration or showing.
CEA is so prevalent that elimination of affected dogs except through very slow and careful breeding decisions to avoid shrinking the gene pool more than absolutely necessary.
Rough Collie puppies should be screened at an early age (6–8 weeks) by a certified veterinary ophthalmologist to check for CEA.
PRA has a later onset and can be detected by DNA test, but is much less widespread (in the US) than CEA.
Hip dysplasia is rare in collies compared to their closest relatives and other breeds of the same size.Rough Collies may carry a mutant Mdr1 gene that results in a sensitivity to Ivermectin and related drugs.
In addition to these problems, all of which can be tested for, there are a number of problems which are thought to be genetic but for which no screening test exists.
Because no DNA tests exist for these disorders (and all can have causes other than genetic origins), breeders can only do their best to avoid producing them by removing affected dogs from the gene pool.
The profuse coat picks up grass seeds and burrs, and many dogs tend to mat to some degree, particularly behind the ears, around the collar (if a collar is left on the dog), and in the pants.
In the 18th century, the Collie's natural home was in the highlands of Scotland, where it had been used for centuries as a sheepdog.
The dogs were bred with great care in order to assist their masters in the herding and guarding of their flock.
Collies are capable of being keen herders while remaining sensible, flexible family companions, whether as working dogs on a ranch or farm or helping out a suburban owner who keeps a few sheep, goats, or ducks as a hobby.
The qualities that make a good herding dog – trainability, adaptability, loyalty, soundness of body and character, agility, grace – are important in many areas, and contribute so much toward making the dog an outstanding companion as well.
It is designed to show whether or not a Collie, who may have never had any exposure to livestock, still has the natural instinct to perform the function for which the breed was initially created.
The breed has also been known to work as search and rescue dogs, therapy dogs and guide dogs for the blind.
The Diaguita, Capayan and the Olongasta peoples inhabited the territory of present-day La Rioja Province at the time of encounter with the Spanish colonists in the 16th century.
In 1783, after the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the control of the province of 10,000 inhabitants passed to the Córdoba independency.
After the younger Menem was elected governor of La Rioja Province in March 1973, he implemented a number of reforms advocated by activists for the poor, rural majority, particularly those recommended by Bishop Enrique Angelelli.
Removed and imprisoned following the military ouster of President Isabel Perón in March 1976, Menem was kept in illegal confinement until the end of 1980.
He pursued conservative policies, leveraging La Rioja's dry, agreeable climate, its modest wage scale, and skilled work-force, to attract La Rioja's first significant light industries, particularly bottling and food-processing.
Having presided over a growing La Rioja economy even as the nation's languished during the 1980s, Menem secured the Peronist Justicialist Party nomination for president in May 1988; in an upset, he defeated the popular Governor Antonio Cafiero of Buenos Aires Province.
Although the province remains less developed than the average in the nation, its economy today compares favorably with those of its neighbors.
Located in the Argentine Northwest area, its landscape is arid to semi-arid, and the dry climate receives annually 200 mm of precipitations, has short winters and very hot summers.
The province's two largest cities, La Rioja and Chilecito are separated by Sierra de Velasco and west of Chilecito and Famatina rises the Sierra de Famatina with heights of up to 6.250 m.a.sl.
The Talampaya National Park is a dry red-soil canyon of the ancient extinguished Talampaya river, which contains many walls and rock formations that make it an interesting tourist destination.
Its per capita output of US$6,283, though about 30% below the national average, makes it the most well-developed in northern Argentina.
La Rioja's agriculture (as well as cities) lies on the banks of the few permanent rivers and oases that allow irrigation, with only 190 square kilometres of cultivated land.
The province's main crop is the grape, and its associated wine production, especially around the Chilecito area, with a production of 8 million litres per year.
X PixMap (XPM) is an image file format used by the X Window System, created in 1989 by Daniel Dardailler and Colas Nahaboo working at Bull Research Center at Sophia Antipolis, France, and later enhanced by Arnaud Le Hors.
Derived from the earlier XBM syntax, it is a plain text file in the XPM2 format or of a C programming language syntax, which can be included in a C program file.
One tool is known to use only a to p for 16 colors, switching to aa up to dp for 64 colors, but still reading single character encodings for 64 colors; compare Base64.
This is less useful for text editors, because a string ab could be actually the middle of two adjacent pixels dabc.
Without control codes, backslash, and quote (needed in XPM1 and XPM3) 128 − 33 − 2 = 93 ASCII characters are available for single character color codes.
Thus unambiguous strings of nine characters could set the color of each pixel by its XPM palette index with up to 10 = colors (compare to GIF, which supports only 256).
For XPM2 it is clear how many lines belong to the image – two header lines, the second header line announcing the number of color codes (2 lines in the example above) and rows (height 4 in the example above), e.g.
A furanose is a collective term for carbohydrates that have a chemical structure that includes a five-membered ring system consisting of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
A furanose ring structure consists of four carbon and one oxygen atom with the anomeric carbon to the right of the oxygen.
The highest numbered chiral carbon (typically to the left of the oxygen in a Haworth projection) determines whether or not the structure has a -configuration or -configuration.
In an -configuration furanose, the substituent on the highest numbered chiral carbon is pointed downwards out of the plane, and in a -configuration furanose, the highest numbered chiral carbon is facing upwards.
Mutarotation was discovered by French chemist Dubrunfaut in 1844, when he noticed that the specific rotation of aqueous sugar solution changes with time.
A solution or liquid sample of a pure α anomer will rotate plane polarised light by a different amount and/or in the opposite direction than the pure β anomer of that compound.
Thus the rotation of the solution will increase from +18.7° to an equilibrium value of +52.7° as some of the β form is converted to the α form.
The equilibrium mixture is actually about 64% of β--glucopyranose and about 36% of α--glucopyranose, though there are also traces of the other forms including furanoses and open chained form.
The α anomer is the major conformer, although somewhat controversially; this is due to the anomeric effect with the stabilisation energy provided by n–σ* hyperconjugation.
The observed rotation of the sample is the weighted sum of the optical rotation of each anomer weighted by the amount of that anomer present.
Therefore, one can use a polarimeter to measure the rotation of a sample and then calculate the ratio of the two anomers present from the enantiomeric excess, as long as one knows the rotation of each pure anomer.
One can monitor the mutarotation process over time or determine the equilibrium mixture by observing the optical rotation and how it changes.
The requirements should be documented, actionable, measurable, testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design.
New systems change the environment and relationships between people, so it is important to identify all the stakeholders, take into account all their needs and ensure they understand the implications of the new systems.
These may include the development of scenarios (represented as user stories in agile methods), the identification of use cases, the use of workplace observation or ethnography, holding interviews, or focus groups (more aptly named in this context as requirements workshops, or requirements review sessions) and creating requirements lists.
Where necessary, the analyst will employ a combination of these methods to establish the exact requirements of the stakeholders, so that a system that meets the business needs is produced.
See Stakeholder analysis for a discussion of people or organizations (legal entities such as companies, standards bodies) that have a valid interest in the system.
These cross-functional implications can be elicited by conducting JRD sessions in a controlled environment, facilitated by a trained facilitator (Business Analyst), wherein stakeholders participate in discussions to elicit requirements, analyze their details and uncover cross-functional implications.
A dedicated scribe should be present to document the discussion, freeing up the Business Analyst to lead the discussion in a direction that generates appropriate requirements which meet the session objective.
In the former, the sessions elicit requirements that guide design, whereas the latter elicit the specific design features to be implemented in satisfaction of elicited requirements.
Such lists are very much out of favour in modern analysis; as they have proved spectacularly unsuccessful at achieving their aims; but they are still seen to this day.
Once a small set of critical, measured goals has been established, rapid prototyping and short iterative development phases may proceed to deliver actual stakeholder value long before the project is half over.
A prototype is a computer program that exhibits a part of the properties of another computer program, allowing users to visualize an application that has not yet been constructed.
A popular form of prototype is a mockup, which helps future users and other stakeholders to get an idea of what the system will look like.
Prototypes make it easier to make design decisions, because aspects of the application can be seen and shared before the application is built.
A use case is a structure for documenting the functional requirements for a system, usually involving software, whether that is new or being changed.
A use case contains a textual description of the ways in which users are intended to work with the software or system.
Techniques introduced in the 1990s like prototyping, Unified Modeling Language (UML), use cases, and agile software development are also intended as solutions to problems encountered with previous methods.
These tools are designed to bridge the communication gap between business users and the IT organization — and also to allow applications to be 'test marketed' before any code is produced.
It was named for Lunga Point on the northern coast of Guadalcanal, the site of a naval battle during World War II.
She was powered with two Uniflow reciprocating steam engines, which provided a force of , driving two shafts, enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow end, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one on the fore, another on the aft.
One /38 caliber dual purpose gun was mounted on the stern, and she was equipped with 16 Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, which were used in an anti-aircraft capability.
For example, during the Philippines campaign, she carried 14 FM-2 fighters and 12 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 26 aircraft.
However, during the Iwo Jima campaign and the Okinawa campaign, she carried 18 FM-2 fighters, 11 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, and a TBM-3P reconnaissance plane, for a total of 30 aircraft.
She was laid down on 19 January 1944 under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1131, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company of Vancouver, Washington.
Upon return, she became a unit of Carrier Division 29 (CarDiv 29), a component of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid's 7th Fleet, alongside her fellow sister ships , , , and .
She departed San Diego, California on 16 October to participate in the Leyte Gulf operations, touching Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, and Kossol Roads en route.
En route, on 4 January 1945, at 17:00, approximately 15 Japanese planes were picked up on radar, west of the task group, and approaching quickly.
These planes split into two groups, one group heading towards the rear of the task group, whilst the other continued on its course towards the center.
Albeit fighters from the carrier group was scrambled, false radar signals hampered their efforts to intercept, and the only successful interception was when P-47 fighters intercepted two enemy planes, shooting down one.
The flaming wreckage passed over her, about a hundred feet above her stern, showering her deck with metal fragments, which slightly wounded two men.
For the next few days, her task group fought their way through 14 enemy attacks, the majority of them kamikazes, most of which were repelled through excellent fighter cover and anti-aircraft fire.
She arrived off Lingayen Gulf on 6 January, commencing 11 days of intensive air support during which time her aircraft flew an average of 41 sorties a day.
On 16 February 1945, Vice-Admiral Kimpei Teroaka authorized the formation of a kamikaze special attack unit to counter the imminent landings on Iwo Jima.
The kamikaze force consisted of twelve fighters, twelve carrier bombers, and eight torpedo bombers, divided into five groups, thirty-two aircraft in total.
The third plane also missed with its torpedo, which proceeded behind the stern, and, set aflame and damaged heavily, attempted to crash into the carrier, approaching from the starboard side.
The kamikaze exploded before it could hit the ship, and the wreckage of the plane skidded across the deck, and off the side of the carrier, sparking a brief gasoline fire.
She supported operations on Iwo Jima until 8 March, when land-based planes were present in sufficient strength to allow the ship to return to Ulithi to get ready for the Okinawa campaign.
Three days later, on 24 March, she, along with her task group, arrived south of Kerama Retto, providing air cover and bombing targets throughout Okinawa.
This was followed by a minesweeping operation west of Okinawa in early July, and on 1 August, she departed on an anti-shipping sweep along the Chinese coast from Shanghai northward.
On 6 August, an air contingent was sent to attack Japanese installations near Tinghai Harbor, southeast of Shanghai, including an airfield.
On 7 August, further strikes were deemed unproductive, and she sailed to Buckner Bay, Okinawa, where she received news of the Japanese peace offerings on 15 August.
In late August the ship, attached to the 5th Fleet, aided in repatriating Allied prisoners of war (POWs) from the ports of Wakayama and Nagasaki.
She was ordered to Tokyo Bay in early October, and en route took part in the unsuccessful search for Rear Admiral W. D. Sample missing in a PBM Mariner on a patrol flight.
She sailed to San Diego arriving on 15 November, and made voyages to the Pacific before returning to the west coast early in 1946.
She was struck from the Navy list on 1 April 1960, and sold at San Diego to Hyman Michaels Co. on 25 July 1960.
The Eridanos was later associated with the river Po, because the Po was located near the end of the Amber Trail.
There in the far west, Heracles asked the river nymphs of Eridanos to help him locate the Garden of the Hesperides.
There have been various guesses at which real river was the Eridanos: these include the Po River in north Italy, and the Rhone, in France.
A small river near Athens was named Eridanos in ancient times, and has been rediscovered with the excavations for construction of the Athens Metro.
He was the 23rd Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 1971 to 1979, and a member of the Democratic Party.
He lied about his age to join the U.S. Marine Corps, at the age of 16 and served from 1946 to 1948.
He attended Boise Junior College and joined the U.S. Air Force in 1950 and served as an intelligence operator in the Aleutian Islands.
O'Callaghan was transferred to the U.S. Army in 1952 in order to see combat and lost part of his left leg after being hit by a mortar round during a battle in the Korean War.
O'Callaghan resumed his college studies at the University of Idaho in Moscow and completed his bachelor's and master's degree in education in 1956, then became a high school teacher and boxing coach in Nevada.
O'Callaghan's political career began in 1963, when Governor Grant Sawyer appointed him to head the state's new department of health and welfare.
In 1970, he received the Democratic gubernatorial nomination and won a surprising victory in the general election over his Republican opponent, Edward Fike.
He proved to be an extremely popular governor and was re-elected in 1974 by a four-to-one margin, the greatest landslide in a gubernatorial election in state history.
The last Nevada governor before term limits, who was eligible for an elected third term, O'Callaghan chose not to run again in 1978.
In the 1990s, O'Callaghan monitored elections in Nicaragua and northern Iraq, and was a strong supporter of the country of Israel.
Mike O'Callaghan died on March 5, 2004, of a heart attack at the age of 74, after collapsing during the morning mass hours at the Saint Viator Catholic Church in Las Vegas, Nevada.
His widow Carolyn, a native of Twin Falls, Idaho, died five months later on August 7, 2004, of complications from cardiac surgery, at the age of 68.
They were married on August 25, 1954 in Twin Falls, Idaho and had five children; the former governor died five months before their 50th anniversary.
A bridge that is a part of the highway bypass around the Hoover Dam, spanning the Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona, bears O'Callaghan's name, as well as that of former NFL Arizona Cardinals player and U.S. Army veteran Pat Tillman.
Also in 2010, The O’Callaghan Resource Integrated Oncology Network (ORION) Cancer Foundation, a nonprofit charity that assists cancer patients in Nevada was established in honor of Mike and Carolyn O’Callaghan, both cancer survivors.
Gara (Basque: We Are) is a bilingual (Basque/Spanish) newspaper published in the city of Donostia-San Sebastián in the Basque Autonomous Community.
The newspaper's target market comprises the area of the Basque Country, but its circulation is largely constrained to the Southern Basque territory (Spain), since Spanish is mainly used.
The case was dismissed and defendants acquitted, with the final verdict stating that no illicit activity was engaged by Egin (2009).
On 12 March 2004, ETA denied in a communique to Gara and the Basque public broadcaster EITB its involvement in the March 11, 2004 Madrid attacks.
In July 2008, the newspaper denounced that its communications were being tapped by the police, and diverted to the Spanish National Police headquarters in Pamplona.
By May 2019, the media outlet looks to counter the Spanish government's and justice system's attempts to subdue it by searching new subscribers and organizing special events to garner support and financial viability.
The range forms a bridge between the Owl Creek Mountains to the west and the southern end of the Bighorn Mountains to the east.
The range is named after Jim Bridger, who pioneered the Bridger Trail through the mountains from southern Wyoming into the Bighorn Basin in 1864.
Bates Creek in the eastern part of the range is was the location of Bates Battlefield a significant battle on July 4, 1874, in which the U.S. Army soldiers from Camp Brown (Today's Fort Washakie) with 167 Shoshone scouts attacked the village of Chief Black Coal (Northern Arapaho), killing at least 34 Northern Arapahos.
Synthetic lubricants can be manufactured using chemically modified petroleum components rather than whole crude oil, but can also be synthesized from other raw materials.
Synthetic oils are also used in metal stamping to provide environmental and other benefits when compared to conventional petroleum and animal-fat based products.
Mobil sued Castrol and Castrol prevailed in showing that their Group III base stock oil was changed enough that it qualified as full synthetic.
It is a specific type of olefin (organic) that is used as a base stock in the production of some synthetic lubricants.
Group V base oils are defined by API as any other type of oil other than mineral oils or PAO lubricants.
Esters are the most famous synthetics in Group V, which are 100% synthetic chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an ether linkage.
Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group, most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
When ethylene and propylene react with oxygen, we obtain ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), from which the polyalkylene glycols are produced by means of polymerization.
The mixing ratio between EO and PO, plus the oxygen bonded in the chemical structure, crucially affect the behavior of polyglycols.
PAGs offer properties that include; high lubricity, low traction properties, high viscosity index, controlled quenching speeds, good temperature stability and low wear.
PAGS are commonly used in quenching fluids, metalworking fluids, gear oils, chain oils, food-grade lubricants and as lubricants in HFC type hydraulics and gas compressor equipment.
Lubricants that have synthetic base stocks even lower than 30% but with high-performance additives consisting of esters can also be considered synthetic lubricants.
In general, the ratio of the synthetic base stock is used to define commodity codes among the customs declarations for tax purposes.
API Group I-, II-, II+-, and III-type mineral-base oil stocks are widely used in combination with additive packages, performance packages, and ester and/or API Group IV poly-alpha-olefins in order to formulate semi-synthetic-based lubricants.
Synthetic base stocks as described above are man-made and tailored to have a controlled molecular structure with predictable properties, unlike mineral base oils, which are complex mixtures of naturally occurring hydrocarbons and paraffins.
The advantages of using synthetic motor oils includes better low- and high-temperature viscosity performance at service temperature extremes better (higher) Viscosity Index (VI) and chemical and shear stability This also helps in decreasing the loss due to evaporation.
It serves resistance to oxidation, thermal breakdown, and oil sludge problems and extended drain intervals, with the environmental benefit of less used oil waste generated.
However, synthetic motor oils are substantially more expensive (per volume) than mineral oils and have potential decomposition problems in certain chemical environments (predominantly in industrial use).
After graduating, he worked in the Institute of Musical Extension and was a sound engineer for six years in the University’s Experimental Theater, Teatro Antonio Varas.
He was also the composer of the anthems of the Partido Radical (Radical Party), the Juventudes Comunistas (Communist Youth), and the Central Única de Trabajadores.
Ortega composed some of the seminal works of the movement known as the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Chilean Song), a fusion of rhythms and styles with a social conscience.
In his classes and master classes in composition took part: Gustavo Baez, Mirtru Escalona-Mijares, Christine Groult, Adolfo Kaplan, Sergey Kutanin, Arthur Lavilla, Clem Mounkala, Chanaral Ortega-Miranda, Martin Pavlovsky, Claire-Melanie Sinnhuber and others.
Ortega died of cancer at the age of 65 on September 15, 2003 in Paris, four days after the 30th anniversary of the coup d’etat.
The middlegame in chess is the portion of the game in between the opening and the endgame, though there is no clear line between the opening and middlegame, and between the middlegame and endgame.
The middle game begins when both players have completed the development of all or most of their pieces and the king has been brought to relative safety.
There are differing opinions and criteria for when the middlegame ends and the endgame starts (see the start of the endgame).
Since middlegame positions are unique from game to game, memorization of theoretical variations is not possible as it is in the opening.
Likewise, there are usually too many pieces on the board for theoretical positions to be completely analyzed as can be done in the simpler endgames.
If king safety is a serious issue, a well-executed attack on the king can render other considerations, including material advantages, irrelevant.
According to Fine, a material advantage will usually not give a direct mating attack unless the advantage is very large (a rook or more), rather it can be used as a means of gaining more material and a decisive endgame advantage.
The concept is largely strategic in nature, and involves such concepts as space, pawn weaknesses (since weak pawns can compel pieces to defensive duties, reducing their mobility), and securing outposts for the pieces.
Some middlegame positions feature featuring maneuvering behind the lines, while other middlegames are wide open, where both players attempt to gain the initiative.
First, if the kings are castled on opposite wings, and queens remain on the board, the position can be very violent, with both players aiming to assault the enemy king.
Material considerations are often secondary to pursuing the attack, and it can even be advantageous to lose pawns in front of the enemy king in order to open up lines for the rooks and queen.
Second, positions where the pawn structure is static and locked, can also feature mutual attacks, since players often elect to play on the side where they have more space (playing on the side of the board in which their pawns are pointing).
Both players need to be on the lookout for pawn breaks, and the possibility of taking advantage of the open files which may arise from them.
Third, if one player has an overwhelming material advantage and is clearly winning, the stronger player can usually afford to violate several of the normal middlegame principles in order to trade down to an endgame.
Not all games reach the endgame, since an attack on the king, or a combination leading to large material gains can end the game while it is still in the middlegame.
At other times, an advantage needs to be pursued in the endgame, and learning how to make favorable exchanges leading to a favorable endgame is an important skill.
Since many endgames involve the promotion of a pawn, it is usually good to keep that in mind when making trades during the middlegame.
For example, World Champion Max Euwe considered a preponderance of pawns on the (queenside majority) an advantage because this might be used to create a passed pawn.
John Haynes (May 1, 1594 – c. January 9, 1653/4), also sometimes spelled Haines, was a colonial magistrate and one of the founders of the Connecticut Colony.
He served one term as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was the first governor of Connecticut, ultimately serving eight separate terms.
He was on the committee that drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which has been called one of the first written constitutions.
By about 1616, Haynes was living at Gurney's Manor, Hingham, Norfolk, a hotbed of Puritan sentiment, where Haynes was Lord of the Manor.
In the early 1620s, he purchased Copford Hall, near Colchester in Essex; this estate alone was reported to produce £1,100 per year.
Essex was also a Puritan center, and Haynes was greatly influenced by the pastor Thomas Hooker, who was a close friend.
In about 1630, John Winthrop and John Humphreys, two of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, extended invitations to Hooker and Haynes to join them in the New World.
They settled first at Newtowne (later renamed Cambridge), where Haynes was the guest of Thomas Dudley until his own house was ready.
He was also named to a committee overseeing military matters, a position that assumed some importance when war broke out with the Pequot tribe that year.
Haynes was part of a moderate faction that disagreed with Endecott's action, claiming that the cross had been reduced to a symbol of nationalism.
Haynes had argued for the lowering of taxes; Ludlow also alleged that the deputies of some towns had made private agreements that concerned the vote before it occurred.
Ludlow, who was not even elected as an assistant, was apparently motivated by his loss to leave the colony for a settlement on the Connecticut River.
Haynes' one-year term as governor was marked by political conflict between a faction led by Haynes, Hooker, and Dudley, and another led by Winthrop.
The major disagreement between them concerned the strictness of judicial procedures and the process of rendering judgments; the Haynes faction believed that Winthrop had been lax in some of his decisions.
The conservative faction was successful in enacting regulations for stricter judicial procedures; it also passed legislation banning the smoking of tobacco and restricting overly ostentatious or fashionable clothing.
Haynes also presided over the trial and banishment of Roger Williams, an act that Williams reports Haynes later expressed some regret over.
Anne Hutchinson and others espoused the Antinomianist view that the laws of the Church of England did not apply to them, while others argued the opposing Legalist position.
Harsh reactions to the controversy may have played a role in the decision by Hooker, and consequently Haynes, to leave the colony for new settlements on the Connecticut River.
Historians have also cited shortages of land and food as a reason for this migration, and political competition between Haynes and Winthrop.
Haynes, while making arrangements to follow Hooker, continued to be involved in Massachusetts through 1636, serving as an assistant and as colonel of one of the colony's militia regiments.
The colonial settlements on the river were established without any sort of royal charter and were not within the bounds of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
For the first two years, the few small settlements were governed by a general court of magistrates, headed by Haynes, and were likely preoccupied with the ongoing conflict with the Pequots.
After the war ended in late 1638, the magistrates began drafting a body of principles and laws; these were ratified in January 1638/9.
The chief architects of the Fundamental Orders were Ludlow, the colony's principal legal mind, Haynes, and Thomas Hooker, who was known to advocate for the liberties the document enshrines.
Pursuant to the terms of this constitution, elections were held on April 11, 1639, and Haynes was elected as the colony's first governor.
Because of restrictions in the constitution that disallowed consecutive terms, he was in and out of the office of governor a total of eight times between 1639 and his death in 1653/4.
One of his more notable achievements was the negotiations with some of the neighboring colonies that led to the creation of the New England Confederation in 1643.
This organization was a loose confederation of the Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, and Plymouth Colonies, principally established to coordinate defense against common threats.
During his terms in office, he was called upon to mediate disputes between local Indians and to negotiate with Dutch representatives of the New Netherlands, who claimed land south of Hartford on the Connecticut River.
This dispute resulted in minor military confrontations between the English and Dutch in the 1640s and was resolved temporarily in the 1650 Treaty of Hartford, in which the Dutch ceded their claims on the river.
Some territorial disputes continued even after the English took New Netherlands from the Dutch in 1664, and the territory described in the Duke of York's charter overlapped that of Connecticut.
Contrary to the engraved date on his tombstone in Hartford's Ancient Burying Ground, Haynes did not die on March 1, 1653/4.
A stereocenter or stereogenic center is any point in a molecule, though not necessarily an atom, bearing different substituents, such that interchanging any two substituents leads to a stereoisomer.
A chirality center is a stereocenter consisting of an atom holding a set of ligands (atoms or groups of atoms) in a spatial arrangement which is not superimposable on its mirror image.
The concept of a chirality center generalizes the concept of an asymmetric carbon atom (a carbon atom bonded to four different entities) such that an interchanging of any two groups gives rise to an enantiomer.
In organic chemistry, a chirality center usually refers to a carbon, phosphorus, or sulfur atom, though it is also possible for other atoms to be chirality centers, especially in areas of organometallic and inorganic chemistry.
Chirality is not limited to carbon atoms, though carbon atoms are often centers of chirality due to their ubiquity in organic chemistry.
A nitrogen in an amine may be a stereocenter if all three groups attached are different because the electron pair of the amine functions as a fourth group.
However, nitrogen inversion, a form of pyramidal inversion, causes racemization which means that both epimers at that nitrogen are present under normal circumstances.
Racemization by nitrogen inversion may be restricted (such as quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cations), or slow, which allows the existence of chirality.
The Bronze Age settlers left evidence of several small oval houses with thick stone walls and various artefacts including a decorated bone object.
the largest such site visible anywhere in Britain and include a longhouse; excavations provided numerous tools and a detailed insight into life in Shetland at this time.
Jarlshof lies near the southern tip of the Shetland Mainland, close to the settlements of Sumburgh and Grutness and to the south end of Sumburgh Airport.
The site overlooks an arm of the sea called the West Voe of Sumburgh and the nearby freshwater springs and building materials available on the beach will have added to the location's attraction as a settlement.
The south Mainland also provides a favourable location for arable cultivation in a Shetland context and there is a high density of prehistoric settlement in the surrounding area.
Jarlshof is only one mile from Scatness where the remains of another broch and other ruins of a similar longevity were discovered in 1975.
The remains at Jarlshof represent thousands of years of human occupation, and can be seen as a microcosm of Shetland history.
Other than the Old House of Sumburgh (see below) the site remained largely hidden until a storm in the late 19th century washed away part of the shore, and revealed evidence of these ancient buildings.
Although the deposits within the broch had been badly disturbed by earlier attempts, this work revealed a complex sequence of construction from different periods.
Buildings on the site include the remains of a Bronze Age smithy, an Iron Age broch and roundhouses, a complex of Pictish wheelhouses, a Viking longhouse, and a mediaeval farmhouse.
The oldest known remains on the Jarlshof site date from this period, although there is evidence of inhabitation as far back as 2500 BC.
The remains of several small oval houses with thick stone walls date to the late Bronze Age and the structures show some similarity to Skara Brae on Mainland, Orkney, but are smaller and of a later date.
These buildings may have been partly subterranean at the earliest period of inhabitation, a technique that provided both structural stability and insulation.
There is also evidence of a cattle stall with a waste channel leading to a tank in a courtyard and a whale vertebra set into a wall that may have been used as a tethering post.
Broken moulds from the smithy indicate that axes, knives, swords and pins were produced there and a bronze dagger was found at the site.
The Bronze Age structures are overlain with sterile sand, suggesting a break in occupation prior to the next phase of building.
Neither have been dated although artefacts found at this level include querns that suggest the latter may have been constructed prior to 200 BC.
The tower was probably originally 13 metres (40 feet) or more high and as with many broch sites the position would have commanded fine views of the surrounding seas.
An outer defensive wall associated with the broch contained a substantial (although rather poorly constructed) house and byre at one time.
The earliest part of the wheelhouse complex has been dated to 200 BC, although other parts were built later, post-dating the 1st century BC–2nd century AD profusion of these structures in the Western Isles by several centuries.
Construction used the stones of the broch itself and two of the four main structures are amongst the best examples of their type.
Three successive periods of construction were undertaken, and the best preserved retains a significant proportion of the stone part of its roof and displays a series of corbelled bays.
In one case the piers are alternately rectangular and V-shaped, in another all are to the latter design, again suggesting a developing style.
Unlike many wheelhouses elsewhere in Scotland that are built into the earth, the Jarlshof structures seem to have been built from ground level upwards.
Amongst the artefacts dated to the later Pictish period is a bone pin with a rounded head probably used as a hair or dress pin.
The quality of the pots appears to decline in the period prior to Viking settlement, becoming thinner-walled and generally more crude in design.
Remains from this era used to cover most of the site, and it is believed the Norse inhabited the site continuously from the ninth to the 14th centuries.
Excavations in the 1930s by Alex Curle found the first confirmed Norse longhouse in the British Isles and later digs in the 1950s found evidence of fishing and farming activities.
Sheep, cattle, pigs and ponies were kept, Atlantic cod, saithe and ling were eaten, and whale and seal bones have also been found along with the remains of a single dog.
There were several outbuildings, including a small square structure with a large hearth that may have been a sauna and which was later replaced by two separate outhouses.
The largest house from this period is a by rectangular chamber with opposing doors, timber benches along the long sides, and a hearth in the centre.
At a later period this large structure was also used to shelter domesticated animals (at which stage it had a paved centre and animal stalls along the sides) and later still may have become an outbuilding.
The mystery was solved when a byre door was excavated at Easting on Unst which had a narrow base similar to Jarlshof's but which widened out to become cow-shaped.
Later houses were built at 90 degrees to the longhouse and these are of a type and size that is similar to croft houses that were common in Shetland until the mid-19th century.
Line weights from the later Norse period and associated evidence from elsewhere in Shetland indicates that deep-water fishing was also a regular undertaking.
The Jarlshof site also produced ample evidence of the use of iron tools such as shears, scissors, sickles, and a fish-hook and knife.
Hazel, birch and willow grew in the area at this time but the pine and oak must have been driftwood or imported timber.
Drawings scratched on slate have been found of dragon-prowed ships, portraits of an old man and of a young, bearded man and of a four-legged animal.
The drawings were found in the Viking levels but are Pictish in style and may either pre-date the arrival of the Norse or indicate a continuity of art and culture from one period to the next.
Similarly, although the rectangular shape of the Norse-era buildings are quite unlike the earlier rounded Pictish style, the basement courses of the two periods are constructed in the same way.
The Viking-style loom weights, spindle whorls and other vessels were found with stone discs and other objects of a Pictish design.
A bronze–gilt harness mounting made in Ireland in the 8th or 9th centuries has also been found and many items from this period are in the Shetland Museum.
Originally a medieval stone farmhouse, it was converted into a fortified house during the 16th century, by Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney after Scotland annexed Shetland.
A Haworth projection is a common way of writing a structural formula to represent the cyclic structure of monosaccharides with a simple three-dimensional perspective.
Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654 (1988), is a United States federal court case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 was constitutional.
The case involved subpoenas from two subcommittees of the United States House of Representatives that directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to produce documents relating to the efforts of the EPA and the Land and Natural Resources Division of the Justice Department to enforce the Superfund law.
This led to an investigation by the House Judiciary Committee that later produced a report suggesting Olson had given false and misleading testimony before a House subcommittee during the investigation.
The Chairman of the Judiciary Committee forwarded a copy of the report to the Attorney General with a request that he seek the appointment of an independent counsel to investigate the allegations against Olson and two others.
Morrison in turn argued that her position was necessary in order to prevent abuses by the executive branch, which historically operated in a closed environment.
The Court held that the independent counsel provision of the Ethics in Government Act did not violate the principle of separation of powers because it did not increase the power of one branch at the expense of another.
Instead, even though the President cannot directly fire an Independent Counsel, the person holding that office was still an officer of the Executive branch and not under the control of either the U.S. Congress or the courts.
Conservatives like Senator Bob Dole began to share his concern when, four days before the 1992 U.S. presidential election, Lawrence Walsh announced the re-indictment of former defense secretary Caspar Weinberger on charges related to the Iran–Contra affair.
Critics also sensed partisan politics when Walsh's office leaked a note suggesting President Bush had lied about his connections to the affair.
Concerns were also raised, in line with Scalia's dissent, when independent counsel Kenneth Starr spent $40 million and more than four years investigating President Clinton's land deals and extramarital affairs.
To take away the power to prosecute from the president and give it to somebody who's not under his control is a terrible erosion of presidential power.
And it was wrenching not only because it came out wrong—I was the sole dissenter—but because the opinion was written by Rehnquist, who had been head of the Office of Legal Counsel, before me, and who I thought would realize the importance of that power of the president to prosecute.
And he not only wrote the opinion; he wrote it in a manner that was more extreme than I think Bill Brennan would have written it.
It also relates the flight of the fugitives to the Havens of Sirion, the wedding of Tuor and Idril, as well as the childhood of Eärendil.
Within the Echoriath, the Encircling Mountains, lay a round level plain with sheer walls on all sides and a ravine and tunnel leading out to the southwest known as the Hidden Way.
After it was completed, he took with him to dwell in the hidden city his entire people in Nevrast—almost a third of the Noldor of Fingolfin's House—as well as nearly three quarters of the northern Sindar.
The Hidden Pass was protected by seven gates, all constantly guarded; the first of wood, then stone, bronze, iron, silver, gold, and steel, perhaps based on Herodotus's description of the Medean city of Ecbatana.
Morgoth then sent an army over the Crissaegrim, the northernmost precipitous and dangerous portion of the Encircling Mountains, during The Gates of Summer (a great Gondolin festival), catching them unawares and sacking the city with relative ease.
Apparently, Gondolinian weapons were impervious to rust and corrosion, as the examples found in the trolls' lair were over six thousand years old and had been hanging in the lair for an indeterminate length of time, yet were sharp and ready for use when unsheathed.
The dagger Sting was known to have special powers against giant spiders (distant offspring of Ungoliant) and could cut their webs with ease.
On 30 August 2018, the first stand-alone version of the story was published by HarperCollins in the UK and Houghton Mifflin in the US.
Belltown is the most densely populated neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, United States, located on the city's downtown waterfront on land that was artificially flattened as part of a regrading project.
Formerly a low-rent, semi-industrial arts district, in recent decades it has transformed into a neighborhood of trendy restaurants, boutiques, nightclubs, and residential towers as well as warehouses and art galleries.
It lies directly west of the Denny Triangle neighborhood, where online retailer Amazon is constructing three office towers to house its downtown headquarters, and where the Cornish College of the Arts is located.
Although many new businesses have eclipsed older ones, some venerated establishments still draw crowds of loyal patrons, such as the locally famous Bavarian Meat Products.
Some of the classic, old Seattle nightspots in Belltown are: The Rendezvous, The Lava Lounge, Ohana, The Crocodile Cafe, and Shorty's.
The neighborhood is bounded on the north by Denny Way, beyond which lies Seattle Center, Lower Queen Anne, and Queen Anne Hill, on the southwest by Elliott Bay, on the southeast by Virginia Street, beyond which lies the Pike Place Market and the rest of Downtown, and on the northeast by 5th Avenue, beyond which lies the Denny Triangle.
All of its northwest- and southeast-bound streets are major thoroughfares (Alaskan Way and Elliott, Western, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Avenues); major northeast- and southwest-bound thoroughfares are Broad, Wall, and Battery Streets.
The Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel runs under Belltown for a number of blocks as it connects the Alaskan Freeway to Aurora Avenue N.
The Olympic Sculpture Park, a public sculpture garden of adjacent to Myrtle Edwards Park, is located on the northern edge of the Belltown waterfront.
Concern about the flammability of nitrocellulose film resulted in the concentration of film exchanges in this single neighborhood, as a zoning issue.
All except the U.S. Army Motion Picture Service are within one block of the corner of Virginia Street and Third Avenue.
In 1928, just after the era of talkies began, the role of the Second Avenue film row was consolidated by the erection of the terra-cotta-ornamented, art deco Film Exchange Building (FEB, also known as the Canterbury Building) designed by Seattle architect Earl W. Morrison; it covered an entire block on the west side of Second Avenue, from Battery Street to Wall Street.
By 1930, Polk lists only 18 Seattle film exchanges; while Kodascope Libraries is at 111 Cherry Street in the Pioneer Square neighborhood, all of the others are on Second Avenue within a block of Battery Street (save only Columbia Pictures at First and Battery).
Immediately south, the block of Second Avenue on the other side of Battery still contains many remnants of the Film Row era.
The Jewel Box theater of the Rendezvous bar is the one remaining screening room in the neighborhood, but several other buildings remain.
The McGraw-Kittenger-Case building on the southwest corner of Second and Battery was once the MGM building, and is now a bar and restaurant.
Just south of it is the former William Tell Hotel, once the film industry favorite, later low-income housing, and now a traveler's hostel.
At 2332 First Avenue, Paramount's former film exchange building has housed the Catholic Seaman's Club since 1955; the ground floor is now the Sarajevo restaurant and lounge, and the Catholic Seaman's Club is upstairs.
Stornoway is the name of the official residence of the Leader of the Official Opposition in Canada, and has been used as such since 1950.
Located at 541 Acacia Avenue in the Rockcliffe Park area of Ottawa, Stornoway has assessed value $4,225,000 (2008) (based on this value, which is only approximation of market value, the municipal property taxes are calculated) and is maintained with $70,000 a year in government funds.
The property is 5.1 km from Ottawa's Parliament Buildings, whereas the Prime Minister's official residence is only 3.0 km away from Parliament.
During the Second World War, from summer 1941 to 1945, Mrs. Perley-Robertson offered Stornoway to (then) Princess Juliana of the Netherlands as a temporary home-in-exile for the Dutch Royal Family, including the future Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.
Stornoway has served its present role as the Official Opposition Leader's residence since 1950, when it was purchased by a group of concerned citizens and later transferred to the Government of Canada.
Although the Bloc Québécois were the official Opposition from 1993 to 1997, party leader Lucien Bouchard declined to move into the residence as a mark of protest against the federal government, choosing instead to live in nearby Gatineau, Quebec.
Following the 1997 election, when the Reform Party displaced the Bloc Québécois to become the largest opposition party, the new official Opposition Leader, Preston Manning, declined to move in for a different reason: he protested that it was too extravagant and a waste of taxpayers' money, even joking that it should be used as a bingo hall to pay off the national debt.
Manning asked that he be provided with a more 'modest' residence, but soon moved into Stornoway after his refusal to do so began to be portrayed in the media as a mark of disrespect for his position as Leader of the Opposition.
Renovations from 2002 to 2006 included an overhaul of the living room and kitchen, repair of the chimney, replacement of carpets, refinishing of hardwood floors, and painting, among other things.
Jack Layton, who had led the NDP to official Opposition status in the May 2, 2011 election, moved in a month later, but stated that he would continue to live in Toronto when Parliament was out of session.
He died on August 22 of cancer; it was subsequently revealed that Layton and his wife Olivia Chow actually spent just one night in the house.
His interim successor as NDP leader, Nycole Turmel, also did not formally move into the house, though she used Stornoway for entertaining purposes and slept over on occasion.
Of the Leaders of the Opposition, John Reynolds, Bill Graham, and Rona Ambrose are the only interim party leaders to have resided at Stornoway; Ambrose was the most recent resident after being selected as interim leader of the Conservative Party after the defeat of Stephen Harper in the 2015 Canadian federal election.
All other residents have been permanent party leaders (ratified at a leadership convention).. Andrew Scheer moved in after being elected as leader of the Conservative party in the 2017 leadership election.
Stornoway is a 34-room mansion with eight bedrooms, five bathrooms, living room, sitting room (2nd floor), and dining room, and sits on extensive grounds.
Hence, they occur when two or more stereoisomers of a compound have different configurations at one or more (but not all) of the equivalent (related) stereocenters and are not mirror images of each other.
Each stereocenter gives rise to two different configurations and thus typically increases the number of stereoisomers by a factor of two.
Diastereomers differ from enantiomers in that the latter are pairs of stereoisomers that differ in all stereocenters and are therefore mirror images of one another.
Enantiomers of a compound with more than one stereocenter are also diastereomers of the other stereoisomers of that compound that are not their mirror image (that is, excluding the opposing enantiomer).
Diastereoselectivity is the preference for the formation of one or more than one diastereomer over the other in an organic reaction.
In the case of saccharides, when drawn in the Fischer projection the erythro isomer has two identical substituents on the same side and the threo isomer has them on opposite sides.
These prefixes are not recommended for use outside of the realm of saccharides because their definitions can lead to conflicting interpretations.
If a molecule contains two asymmetric centers, there are up to four possible configurations, and they cannot all be non-superposable mirror images of each other.
Among them, there are four pairs of enantiomers: R,R,R and S,S,S; R,R,S and S,S,R; R,S,S and S,R,R; and R,S,R and S,R,S.
There are many more pairs of diastereomers, because each of these configurations is a diastereomer with respect to every other configuration excluding its own enantiomer (for example, R,R,R is a diastereomer of R,R,S; R,S,R; and R,S,S).
The four aldopentoses and the eight aldohexoses (subsets of the five- and six-carbon sugars) are examples of sets of compounds that differ in this way.
The town's population is around 8,000, making it by far the largest town in the Hebrides, as well as the second largest island town in Scotland after Kirkwall in Orkney.
Recent changes mean that Sundays on Lewis now more closely resemble those on the other Western Isles or on mainland Scotland.
The settlement grew up around a sheltered natural harbour near the centre of the island; people travelled to Stornoway from all over the island, either by family boat or by horse-drawn coach, for onward travel to and trade with the rest of Scotland and further afield.
At some point in the mid 1500s, the already ancient MacLeod castle in Stornoway 'fell victim to the cannons of the Duke of Argyle'.
By the early 1600s rumbling trade wars came to a head, and all further government attempts to curtail traditional shipping rights were firmly resisted by the islanders, as was an attempt by James VI, King of Scotland, to establish on the island the Scottish trading company known as the Fife Adventurers around 1598.
In 1844, the MacKenzies sold Stornoway, and the Isle of Lewis as a whole, to Sir James Matheson (and his descendants) who built the present Lews Castle on a hill overlooking the bay of Stornoway.
Fragmentary ruins of the old Stornoway Castle had survived in the bay until that time, and can even be seen in Victorian photographs, but Matheson destroyed them in 1882, in order to expand the harbour; a few remains of Stornoway Castle still remain, hidden beneath pier number 1, close to the shore, slightly west of centre.
A lighthouse, seaweed processing plant and a renewable energy manufacturing yard are situated on Arnish Point at the mouth of the harbour and visually dominate the approaches.
Arnish Point is also earmarked by AMEC as the landfall for its proposed private sub-sea cable which would export the electricity generated from the Lewis Windpower wind farm with a planning application for 181 turbines submitted to the Scottish Executive.
The Arnish area was also surveyed by SSE for a second sub-sea cable but lost out in favour of Gravir to the south as the preferred site.
The manufacturing yard was originally established in the 1970s as a fabrication plant for the oil industry but suffered regular boom and bust cycles.
The downturn in business from the North Sea oil industry in recent years led to a move away from serving this market.
The yard is now earmarked as a key business in the development of the whole Arnish Point industrial estate and has received large amounts of funding in recent years.
Both firms were affected by the absence of a regular stream of orders and left a chain of large debts impacting upon local suppliers.
Altissimo Ltd is a new firm backed by a group of Swiss and Dutch investors, and has purchased the Camcal name from the previous operator.
Like much of the British Isles, Stornoway has an oceanic climate, with relatively little variation of temperature and damp conditions throughout the year.. Winters are exceptionally mild for such a northerly location; average nighttime low temperatures in January and February, the coldest months, are above , while daytime high temperatures average about .
Summers are cool, due to influence from the Atlantic Ocean; average daytime high temperatures in July and August are just over .
Precipitation falls mostly as rain (though snow occasionally falls in winter), and October through January are the wettest months due to frequent, sometimes intense storms from the North Atlantic, which can bring heavy rain and high winds.
The Caledonian MacBrayne-operated ferry has been sailing since 2015, from Stornoway harbour to Ullapool on the Scottish mainland, taking 2 hours 30 minutes.
The former main ship on the route, (1995), used to carry the freight crossing, however she has now been reassigned elsewhere by CalMac.
Stornoway is the hub of bus routes in Lewis: buses run to Point, Ness, Back and Tolsta, Uig, the West Side, Lochs and Tarbert, Harris.
Stornoway Airport is located next to the village of Melbost, east of the town; there are flights to Benbecula, Edinburgh, Inverness and Glasgow, operated by Loganair and Flybe franchisee Eastern Airways.
The airport is also the base of an HM Coastguard Search & Rescue Sikorsky S-92 helicopter, and was previously home to RAF Stornoway.
Stornoway is home to the Nicolson Institute: founded in 1873, it is the largest school in the Western Isles and the only secondary school in Lewis providing a six-year course.
There is a further education college, Lews Castle College, which was founded in 1953 and is now part of the University of the Highlands and Islands.
There is also a small campus of the University of Stirling in Stornoway, teaching nursing, based in the Western Isles Hospital.
Football is the most popular amateur sport and Goathill Park in the town hosts special matches involving select teams and visiting clubs and other organisations.
Shinty is not as popular as in the rest of the West of Scotland, but the Lewis Camanachd team is based around the town.
The Royal National Mòd has been held in Stornoway on a number of occasions, most recently in 2005, 2011 and 2016.
The radio station Isles FM is based in Stornoway and broadcasts on 103FM, featuring a mixture of Gaelic and English programming.
As part of its collections, the library offers access to a wide range of Gaelic materials, with a large collection of books and periodicals such as Gairm, Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Scottish Gaelic Studies and Guth, as well as out of print publications An Gaidheal and Guth na Bliadhna.
In their newspaper section, the library holds copies of Alba and Mac-Talla as well as Sruth, Scotland's only bilingual newspaper from the 1960s.
As part of those collections, the library holds an archive of local newspaper back editions including the Stornoway Gazette from 1917, the Highland News from 1883, the West Highland Free Press from 1972, the Oban Times from 1861, the Inverness Courier from 1817, the Inverness Advertiser from 1849 and the Inverness Courier and Advertiser from 1885.
Other resources include a collection of ordnance survey maps and admiralty charts for the local area, old parochial registers, 19th century census returns, minutes of the former Stornoway Town Council as well as current Comhairle nan Eilean Siar and school log books.
The library also holds the Seaforth Muniments (Seaforth Estate Papers), local croft histories and rental and valuation rolls dated as far back as the 18th century.
In 2018, Stornoway Library announced plans to transform their coffee shop into a makerspace available to the general public where they run educational activities on topics including 3D printing and virtual reality.
They have one of the last working brick kilns in the UK, at the establishment of Stornoway Fish Smokers, Shell Street.
They signed their record deal outside the Woodlands Centre in Lews Castle Grounds, Stornoway, after performing in the town for the first time in April 2010.
Stornoway features heavily in the initial stages of the X-Men comics Dark Phoenix Saga due to its proximity to the fictional Muir Island and Proteus' attempts to find a new host body.
Despite a large number of offshore oil workers living in Stornoway, there is no longer a direct Stornoway to Aberdeen route.
Donald Pearce Shiley (January 19, 1920 – July 31, 2010) was the inventor of the Bjork–Shiley valve, a prosthetic heart valve.
Shiley attended Oregon State University, the Land-grant university in Oregon, on a scholarship, but left to join the Navy for service in World War II.
Shiley began working at Edwards Laboratories, located in Orange County, California, south of Los Angeles, the first manufacturer of artificial heart-valves.
Compared with the Edwards valve, which had the shape of a little ball, the disc valve needed much less space within the heart when implanted.
Some years later, Shiley improved his design in cooperation with Swedish heart surgeon Viking Björk, which led to the first tilting disc heart-valve, resulting in a much better flow of blood through the valve.
Shiley Labs developed and manufactured other products, especially tracheal and endotracheal tubes for respiration after surgery in the mouth or throat, and during anesthesia.
The Björk–Shiley heart valve underwent several improvements in the following years, primarily in the degree of opening of the disc, thus reducing turbulence in the bloodstream.
Shiley was married twice: to Pat, the mother of his four children and who died in middle-age; and to Darlene Marcos, who survived him.
In March 2007, Shiley and Darlene donated $12 million to the University of Portland, for renovating the University's School of Engineering.
He also provided a donation to the University of San Diego for the Donald P. Shiley Center for Science and Technology.
indian Tamil-language activity spine chiller movie composed and coordinated by AR Murugadoss and created by Allirajah Subaskaran under the flag of Lyca Productions.
Steven George Gerrard (born 30 May 1980) is an English professional football manager and former player who manages Scottish Premiership club Rangers.
He spent the majority of his playing career as a central midfielder for Liverpool, with most of that time spent as club captain, as well as captaining the England national team.
Widely regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time, Gerrard was awarded the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award in 2005, and the Ballon d'Or Bronze Award.
A versatile and well-rounded player, highly regarded for his leadership, Gerrard is the only footballer to score in an FA Cup Final, a League Cup Final, a UEFA Cup Final and a UEFA Champions League Final, winning on each occasion.
At age 17, he signed his first professional contract with Liverpool and made his senior debut a year later in 1998.
In the 2000–01 season, Gerrard helped Liverpool secure a treble of the League Cup, the UEFA Cup and the FA Cup.
He was named in the PFA Team of the Year a record eight times, the UEFA Team of the Year and the FIFA World XI three times, was named PFA Players' Player of the Year in 2006 and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 2009.
After retiring from playing football, Gerrard became a coach in the Liverpool youth academy and managed their under-18 team during the 2017–18 season, before becoming manager of Scottish Premiership club Rangers ahead of the 2018–19 season.
At international level, Gerrard is the fourth-most capped player in the history of the England national team with 114 caps, scoring 21 goals.
Gerrard made his international debut in 2000, and represented his country at the 2000, 2004 and 2012 UEFA European Football Championships, as well as the 2006, 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, captaining the team for the latter two tournaments.
He was named as the permanent England captain shortly before UEFA Euro 2012, where he was named in the UEFA Team of the Tournament.
Although not a Catholic and living outside the catchment area, Gerrard attended Cardinal Heenan Catholic High School upon the recommendation of his primary school teacher, whose husband was a PE teacher there, due to its superior football reputation over more local schools.
Gerrard had trials with various clubs at fourteen, but his success was not immediate—Gerrard never made it into the England schoolboys' team.
Gerrard made his Liverpool first-team debut on 29 November 1998 in a Premier League match against Blackburn Rovers as a last-minute substitute for Vegard Heggem.
He also occasionally played on the right wing, but he scarcely contributed in the short on-pitch time he received, due to nervousness affecting his play.
After starting the derby against Everton on the bench, he replaced Robbie Fowler in the second half but received his first career red card for a very late high challenge to the upper leg of Everton's Kevin Campbell shortly afterwards in a game Liverpool lost 1–0.
However, he began to suffer from nagging back problems, which sports consultant Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt later diagnosed as a result of accelerated growth, coupled with excessive playing, during his teenage years.
He went on to recover from this, and in the 2000–01 season he made fifty starts in all competitions and scored ten goals as he won his first major honours with Liverpool—the FA Cup, Football League Cup, and the UEFA Cup.
In March 2003, Gerrard scored the opening goal in the club's 2–0 win over Manchester United in the Football League Cup Final held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.
After a year as Liverpool vice-captain, Gerrard replaced Sami Hyypiä as Liverpool captain in October 2003, as manager Gérard Houllier said that he recognized Gerrard had demonstrated leadership qualities early on, but needed to mature.
Houllier resigned as Liverpool manager after a trophy-less 2003–04 campaign, and Gerrard was linked with a move to Chelsea during the off-season.
In the end, Gerrard turned down a £20 million offer from Chelsea to stay with Liverpool and new coach Rafael Benítez.
Liverpool had a number of injuries early in the 2004–05 season, and a foot injury suffered in a September league match against Manchester United shelved Gerrard until late November.
He returned to score in the last five minutes of a Champions League group stage match against Olympiacos to secure Liverpool's advancement to the knockout round.
However, Gerrard netted an own goal during the 2005 League Cup final on 27 February, which proved decisive in Liverpool's 3–2 loss to Chelsea after extra time at the Millennium Stadium.
During a six-minute stretch in the second half of the 2005 Champions League final against A.C. Milan, Liverpool came back from a three-goal deficit to tie the match at 3–3 after extra time, with Gerrard scoring one of the goals, a header from a John Arne Riise cross.
Liverpool's third goal was gained as a penalty from a foul awarded to Liverpool when Gennaro Gattuso was judged to have pulled down Gerrard in Milan's penalty box.
Gerrard did not participate in the penalty shootout (he was the designated fifth penalty taker) which Liverpool won 3–2 as they claimed their first Champions League trophy in twenty years.
but negotiations soon stalled and on 5 July 2005, after Liverpool turned down another lucrative offer from Chelsea, Gerrard's agent Struan Marshall informed Liverpool chief executive Rick Parry that Gerrard was rejecting a club-record £100,000-a-week offer.
The next day, Gerrard signed a new four-year deal as Parry blamed the earlier breakdown of talks on miscommunication between the two sides.
Gerrard stated upon signing the contract that he would rather win one Premier League medal than win multiple titles at Chelsea as it would mean more to him.
Gerrard scored 23 goals in 53 appearances in 2005–06, and in April became the first Liverpool player since John Barnes in 1988 to be voted the PFA Player of the Year.
He scored twice in the 2006 FA Cup Final against West Ham United, including a 35-yard equalizer that sent the match into extra time, and Liverpool won their second consecutive major trophy on penalties.
The goals made him the only player to have scored in the FA Cup, League Cup, UEFA Cup and Champions League finals.
Liverpool eliminated Chelsea in the 2006–07 Champions League semi-finals on penalties, to return to their second final in three seasons, which they lost 2–1 to Milan in Athens.
Gerrard suffered a toe fracture in an August 2007 Champions League qualifier against Toulouse, but returned four days later to play the entirety of a 1–1 league draw against Chelsea.
On 28 October 2007, Gerrard played his 400th game for Liverpool in a league match against Arsenal, in which he scored.
He scored in all but one of Liverpool's domestic and European matches during the month of November, and after scoring the only goal in a Champions League away tie against Olympique de Marseille on 11 December, he became the first Liverpool player since John Aldridge in 1989 to score in seven consecutive games in all competitions.
In December 2007, Gerrard was voted sixth (after Kaká, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Didier Drogba and Ronaldinho) for the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year.
Gerrard made his 300th Premier League appearance on 13 April 2008 in a match against Blackburn Rovers, scoring the opening goal in a game which Liverpool won 3–1, and finished the season with twenty-one goals in all competitions, surpassing his total from the 2006–07 season.
Gerrard was selected for the PFA Team of the Year and he was also one of the nominees or the PFA Player of the Year, alongside teammate Fernando Torres.
Gerrard needed to undergo groin surgery at the beginning of the 2008–09 season, but the problem was not serious and he quickly returned to training.
He scored what appeared to be his hundredth career Liverpool goal against Stoke City on 20 September, but it was disallowed after Dirk Kuyt was ruled offside.
He made his 100th appearance in European club competition for Liverpool on 10 March 2009 against Real Madrid and scored twice in a 4–0 win.
Four days after the impressive victory over Real, Gerrard would score at Old Trafford for the first time from the penalty spot, putting Liverpool ahead on their way to a 4–1 victory over Manchester United.
Following these results, three-time FIFA World Player of the Year Zinedine Zidane hailed the Liverpool skipper as being the best player in the world.
On 22 March 2009, Gerrard scored his first ever hat-trick in the Premier League, against Aston Villa, in a 5–0 victory.
On 13 May 2009, Gerrard was named as the 2009 Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year, beating Ryan Giggs by just 10 votes and becoming the first Liverpool player to win the award in nineteen years.
On 5 December 2009, Gerrard made his 500th appearance for Liverpool in a 0–0 draw at Blackburn where he was accused of diving in an attempt to win a penalty.
Following the 2009–10 season, Rafael Benítez departed Liverpool after six years and was succeeded as manager by Roy Hodgson, who quickly assured fans that Gerrard would not be sold.
To further eliminate any speculation surrounding his future at the club, Gerrard made a statement emphasizing his excitement at the coming season with Liverpool and praising the signing of Joe Cole.
Gerrard soon played his first pre-season match of the 2010–11 season against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 1 August 2010 alongside new signing Joe Cole.
Gerrard scored his first goal of the 2010–11 season from the penalty spot in a Europa League qualifier against Macedonian side FK Rabotnički on 5 August 2010.
His next two goals came on 19 September at Old Trafford in a 3–2 loss against Manchester United; he scored from a penalty kick in the 64th minute and a free-kick six minutes later to level the game at 2–2.
Eleven days later, Gerrard came off the bench to score a second-half hat-trick in a 3–1 win over Napoli in the Europa League.
Gerrard missed the start of the 2011–12 season due to a groin injury, which had also kept him out of action for large parts of the previous season.
On 29 October, Gerrard underwent a treatment to clear an infection in his right ankle, which was placed in a protective plaster cast.
He was forced to miss Liverpool's league match against West Bromwich Albion that day and was ruled out for at least the match against Swansea City the following week and England's friendly matches against Sweden and Spain the week after that.
After a prolonged ankle injury recuperation, Gerrard finally returned to regular first team action in the match against Blackburn Rovers, coming off the bench.
Gerrard went on to help Liverpool to reach their first cup final in 6 years, and their first at Wembley Stadium in 18 years, as Liverpool beat Manchester City 3–2 on aggregate in the semi-finals.
Gerrard scored a penalty in both legs to send Liverpool to the 2012 Football League Cup Final against Cardiff City on 26 February 2012, which Liverpool won on penalties.
On his 400th Premier League appearance for Liverpool, Gerrard scored a hat-trick to give Liverpool a 3–0 victory over rivals Everton in the Merseyside derby on 13 March 2012.
He scored his first Premier League goal of the season on 23 September, opening the scoring in a 2–1 defeat against Manchester United.
On 3 August 2013, Liverpool played Olympiacos, against whom Gerrard scored arguably his most celebrated goal, at Anfield for Gerrard's charity fund-raising testimonial match.
On 5 October, Gerrard scored in a 3–1 win over Crystal Palace, becoming Liverpool's first ever player to score in 15 successive league campaigns, overtaking the record previously set by Billy Liddell.
Also in October 2013, he became the longest-serving Liverpool captain, 10 years after his appointment by Gérard Houllier on 15 October 2013, breaking the previous record held by Alex Raisbeck, who captained Liverpool from 1899 to 1909.
On 16 March 2014, Gerrard scored two penalties and missed another in Liverpool's 3–0 win over Manchester United at Old Trafford.
On 6 April, he scored another two penalties as Liverpool beat West Ham United 2–1 to go top of the Premier League table with five matches to play.
On 27 April, Gerrard was involved in what was later labelled as a defining moment of the 2013–14 Premier League season; where Liverpool would ultimately finish second.
Gerrard slipped while receiving a pass which allowed Demba Ba to score the opening goal for Chelsea; Chelsea went on to win 2–0, which meant that Liverpool's title hopes were no longer in their own hands.
Gerrard was a nominee for the PFA Player of the Year award that year, while he won the 2014 Liverpool Echo Sports Personality Award.
In October 2014, Gerrard ruled out retiring at the end of the 2014–15 season and said that he could join another club if he were not offered a new contract at Liverpool.
Gerrard said he would have signed a new contract had it been offered in the offseason, but said the club did not make an offer until November.
By that time, Brendan Rodgers had spoken to him about managing his playing time and he had been left out of the starting line-up against Real Madrid in the Champions League, contributing to his decision to leave Liverpool.
On 6 January 2015, Gerrard scored two goals in the 3rd round of the 2014–15 FA Cup in a 2–1 win at AFC Wimbledon.
This followed another two-goal performance in the previous match against Leicester, the first time he scored two or more goals in consecutive games since July 2005.
On 22 March, Gerrard was sent off 38 seconds after coming on as a half-time substitute in a match against Manchester United for stamping on Ander Herrera.
Gerrard made his 500th league appearance for Liverpool in a goalless draw against West Brom on 25 April; he became only the third player ever to achieve 500 or more Premier League appearances for one club, after Ryan Giggs and former teammate Jamie Carragher.
His final appearance for the club was eight days later in a 6–1 defeat at Stoke although he scored in the game.
On 7 January 2015, the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer announced the signing of Gerrard to an 18-month Designated Player contract, reportedly worth $9 million.
On 11 July, Gerrard made his debut for the club in a mid-season friendly match against Club América, playing the first 45 minutes of the match in which Galaxy won 2–1.
Three days later, Gerrard made his competitive debut for LA, coming on at half time for Ignacio Maganto in a 1–0 loss at Real Salt Lake in the US Open Cup quarter-finals.
He made his MLS debut on 17 July, scoring once, while assisting one goal of his former Liverpool teammate Robbie Keane's hat-trick, during a 5–2 defeat of fellow Californians the San Jose Earthquakes at the StubHub Center.
He made 13 appearances across the regular season, scoring one more goal, the team's last of a 3–2 home win over FC Dallas on 27 September.
After Galaxy was eliminated from the 2015 MLS Cup Playoffs by Seattle Sounders FC, Gerrard announced that he may retire in 2016, saying that he found unexpected difficulty in the long journeys to away matches in the United States, and the diverse altitude and weather across the country.
Gerrard played his final game for Galaxy on 6 November 2016 in a MLS Cup Playoff penalty-shootout loss to Colorado Rapids.
Gerrard took and scored Los Angeles' first spot-kick but the club were eliminated after Giovanni dos Santos and Ashley Cole failed to convert.
That summer, he was called up for Euro 2000, making only one appearance as a substitute in a 1–0 win over Germany before England were eliminated in the group stage.
He scored his first international goal in the famous 5–1 victory over Germany in a 2002 World Cup qualifier in September 2001, and while England qualified, Gerrard was forced to pull out of the squad due to his ongoing groin problems after pulling up in Liverpool's final match of the season against Ipswich.
Gerrard scored his second goal for the national team in the Euro 2004 qualifier against Macedonia on 16 October 2002 in a 2–2 draw, his third goal was the opener in a 2–1 win over Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2003.
He was a regular starter in Euro 2004, scoring once to make it 3–0 in England's win over Switzerland in the second Group game of the tournament but England would be eliminated by the tournament hosts Portugal in the quarter-finals losing 6–5 on penalties in a match when Gerrard was substituted off in the 81st minute for Owen Hargreaves.
He participated in his first World Cup in 2006 and scored two goals, both in the group stage, against Trinidad & Tobago and Sweden, although his spot kick was one of three saved by goalkeeper Ricardo as England again bowed out to Portugal in the quarter-finals on penalties.
Gerrard was made vice-captain of the England team by coach Steve McClaren, and while he filled in for John Terry as captain, England suffered back-to-back losses to Russia and Croatia that ended their Euro 2008 qualifying hopes.
After new coach Fabio Capello took over the team in early 2008, Gerrard was given a trial run as captain but Capello settled on Terry for the role.
John Terry was replaced by Rio Ferdinand as captain in 2010, following revelations about the former's private life, and Gerrard subsequently became vice-captain again.
When the England team left for the 2010 World Cup, Gerrard was the most experienced player in the squad with 80 caps.
During preparations for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, however, Rio Ferdinand was injured, meaning that Gerrard was appointed by Capello as captain for the tournament.
Due to Ferdinand's continued absence through injury, Gerrard retained the captaincy for the opening match of the Euro 2012 qualifying campaign against Bulgaria, which England won 4–0.
This was the first time that he was named directly the captain of England and not in place of an injured or unavailable captain.
He provided three assists and won two man of the match awards to help England finish top of their group in the qualifying round, and go through to the quarter-finals.
Despite their exit on penalties to Italy, Gerrard was later the only England player to be named in the UEFA Team of the Tournament.
For the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Gerrard captained England to their first group stage elimination since 1958 and their first elimination after only two matches, after two straight 1–2 defeats against Italy and Uruguay.
He represented England 114 times (currently the fourth most capped player ever, after Peter Shilton (125), Wayne Rooney (117) and David Beckham (115)) scoring 21 times.
In November 2016, days before retiring as a player, Gerrard had an interview for the vacant managerial post at League One club Milton Keynes Dons, but said that he was not ready for the job.
On 11 April, it was reported that Gerrard would be taking charge of the Liverpool Under-18 side ahead of the 2017–18 season after impressing Jürgen Klopp and Alex Inglethorpe with his work ethic, knowledge and attitude towards academy coaching.
However, before he took the next step on the path to receive his coaching credentials, Gerrard pulled on the Liverpool shirt one last time in a friendly against Australian club Sydney F.C.
After the incumbent manager Graeme Murty was sacked on 1 May, Rangers announced on 4 May that Gerrard would become their new manager from 1 June, ahead of the 2018–19 season, signing a four-year deal.
He made his senior managerial debut on 12 July where he oversaw Rangers to a 2–0 UEFA Europa League win over Macedonian side Shkupi.
Under Gerrard's management, Rangers went twelve matches unbeaten in all competitions from the start of the season before finally suffering defeat on 2 September, losing 1–0 to rivals Celtic in the Old Firm derby.
A hardworking box-to-box player with great endurance in his prime, he was usually deployed as a central midfielder, but he had also been used as a second striker, a holding midfielder, an attacking midfielder, a right back, and a right winger.
Gerrard began his professional career as a wide midfielder on the right, although he did not excel in this position as he had a tendency to commit careless fouls in his youth.
Nevertheless, Liverpool retained their faith in the youngster, and he was later shifted to a defensive midfield position as he matured, where he excelled as a ball-winner rather than as a playmaker.
He continued to evolve tactically, coming into his own in a box-to-box central midfield role, which allowed him to be effective both offensively and defensively.
Under Benítez, he was also used in a supporting and creative role, as an attacking midfielder behind the strikers, or even as a deep-lying playmaker.
Gerrard, naturally right footed, had the ability to score goals due to his striking ability from distance—he scored a number of key goals from long range throughout his career, including in three Cup finals.
As he entered his mid 30s and his physical capability to get forward and join the attack declined, the number of long range strikes at goal decreased, with most of his goals coming from free kicks and penalty kicks.
In addition to his footballing attributes, Gerrard was highly regarded for his leadership, determination, and influence on the pitch throughout his career.
He came through at Everton, where he did not make the first team, and spent most of his career in the Football League.
The two faced each other in a professional match for the first time in the 2012 Football League Cup Final, when Steven's Liverpool defeated Anthony's Cardiff City in a penalty shootout in which both Gerrards missed.
Gerrard and his wife, Alex Curran, married on 16 June 2007, the same day as the weddings of his England teammates Gary Neville and Michael Carrick.
Councillors of Knowsley voted to make Gerrard a Freeman of the Borough on 13 December 2007, and two weeks later, he was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in her New Year Honours List, for services to sport.
He received an honorary fellowship from Liverpool John Moores University on 26 July 2008 as recognition for his contribution to sport.
In his 2015 autobiography, he opined the four best players to have played alongside him are former Liverpool teammates Xabi Alonso, Fernando Torres and Luis Suárez and England teammate Wayne Rooney.
On 1 October 2007, Gerrard was involved in a low-speed collision in Southport when the car he was driving hit a ten-year-old cyclist, who had shot into the street and inadvertently crossed Gerrard's path.
He later visited the boy in the hospital and presented him with a pair of boots signed by Wayne Rooney, the boy's favourite player, after which he stayed to sign autographs for other young patients.
On 29 December 2008, Gerrard was taken into custody outside the Lounge Inn in Southport on suspicion of a section 20 assault.
He and two other men were later charged with assault occasioning actual bodily harm and affray, relating to an incident which left the bar's disc jockey with a broken tooth and cuts to his forehead.
The three were given police to court bail and were required to appear at North Sefton Magistrates' Court on 23 January 2009, where they all pleaded not guilty.
The case was adjourned until 20 March when the assault charge was dropped but Gerrard was required to attend Liverpool Crown Court to face trial for affray.
Gerrard admitted hitting Marcus McGee but claimed it was in self-defence and on 24 July, Gerrard was found not guilty by the jury.
Following the verdict, Gerrard said he was looking forward to getting back to playing football and putting the experience behind him.
In August 2014, Gerrard participated in the ALS Association's Ice Bucket Challenge and went on to challenge Cardiff City winger, Craig Noone.
While Gerrard has worn several football boots during his career, he first wore a pair of Nike boots on his Liverpool debut, but soon signed a deal with Adidas in 1998 and has gone on to appear in a number of Adidas commercials with the likes of Zinedine Zidane, David Beckham, Lionel Messi and Kaká.
Gerrard has worn ten versions of the Adidas Predator boot, with the Accelerator being the first, and throughout his career he has been one of the brand's major boot endorsees.
In 2013, Gerrard switched boot silos to the Nitrocharge 1.0 first wearing the boots in the League Cup clash against rivals Manchester United on 25 September 2013.
The first Post Office in the area was Scoresby North, which opened on 8 May 1882 and renamed Macauley in 1884.
In the late 1940s, a number of German Templers (just released from the Tatura Internment Camp) settled in Bayswater and Boronia.
Part of the Temple Society Australia, they built a Community Centre (1961) in Elizabeth Street and a Retirement Village, as well as Nursing Home Tabulam, in partnership with the Australian German Welfare Society (AGWS).
The Bayswater Wine Cellar is the oldest building in the region, erected in the mid 19th century to service loggers that travelled between the city and the Dandenongs.
Current Education in Bayswater include Our Lady of Lourdes Primary School, Bayswater Primary School, Bayswater South Primary School, Bayswater West Primary School and Bayswater Secondary College (formerly Bayswater High School).
Its most well-known reserve is Bayswater Park, where football and cricket is played on the two ovals, as well as netball and tennis, on surrounding courts.
The adjacent playground, known by the locals as the 'Train Park', contains a disused steam engine, which has been altered for children to play on.
The most recent newest shopping precinct is Mountain High Plaza, which was completed in May 2009, and includes an Anytime Fitness 24hr health club, a Coles supermarket, coffee shops and variety stores, including Discount Pharmacy Dimmeys.
However, a site for the Fire Station had not yet been established so the Brigade vehicle was parked under a tarp at the rear of a service station on the corner of Mountain Highway and Highmoor Avenue, Bayswater.
In 1973 the tin shed was relocated to a site adjacent to the Scoresby Road railway crossing until the present Fire Station was built in 1976.
In 2008, the Brigade leased an additional building on the same site to be used for administration, meetings and indoor training.
Bayswater Station is located near Mountain Highway, the main stretch of road running through the suburb and a train ride from Bayswater to the CBD is 29 kilometres.
The seat of Aston is named after Tilly Aston, a blind writer, teacher and advocate for blind people, who was born, raised and lived in Victoria.
Historically competitive, the collective 2010 result for the three booths distributed the primary vote in portions of 42.2% to Labor, 41.2% to the Liberals, and 10.8% to the Greens.
Liberal MP, Alan Tudge, who ran unsuccessfully for the seat of Aston in 2010, won the seat at the 2013 Australian federal election, 2016 Australian federal election and 2019 Australian federal election.
The suburb has an Australian Rules football team, The Bayswater Kangaroos, known as The Waters, who compete in the Eastern Football League.
The suburb is also the home of the Bayswater Cricket Club and they are part of the Victorian Sub District Cricket Association.
The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is assumed valid and the potential energy of all systems is calculated as a function of the nuclear coordinates using force fields.
Molecular mechanics can be used to study molecule systems ranging in size and complexity from small to large biological systems or material assemblies with many thousands to millions of atoms.
The following functional abstraction, termed an interatomic potential function or force field in chemistry, calculates the molecular system's potential energy (E) in a given conformation as a sum of individual energy terms.
The dihedral or torsional terms typically have multiple minima and thus cannot be modeled as harmonic oscillators, though their specific functional form varies with the implementation.
The non-bonded terms are much more computationally costly to calculate in full, since a typical atom is bonded to only a few of its neighbors, but interacts with every other atom in the molecule.
Generally a cutoff radius is used to speed up the calculation so that atom pairs which distances are greater than the cutoff have a van der Waals interaction energy of zero.
The electrostatic terms are notoriously difficult to calculate well because they do not fall off rapidly with distance, and long-range electrostatic interactions are often important features of the system under study (especially for proteins).
A variety of methods are used to address this problem, the simplest being a cutoff radius similar to that used for the van der Waals terms.
Switching or scaling functions that modulate the apparent electrostatic energy are somewhat more accurate methods that multiply the calculated energy by a smoothly varying scaling factor from 0 to 1 at the outer and inner cutoff radii.
In addition to the functional form of each energy term, a useful energy function must be assigned parameters for force constants, van der Waals multipliers, and other constant terms.
These terms, together with the equilibrium bond, angle, and dihedral values, partial charge values, atomic masses and radii, and energy function definitions, are collectively termed a force field.
Each force field is parameterized to be internally consistent, but the parameters are generally not transferable from one force field to another.
This uses the force field to calculate the forces acting on each particle and a suitable integrator to model the dynamics of the particles and predict trajectories.
Given enough sampling and subject to the ergodic hypothesis, molecular dynamics trajectories can be used to estimate thermodynamic parameters of a system or probe kinetic properties, such as reaction rates and mechanisms.
These minima correspond to stable conformers of the molecule (in the chosen force field) and molecular motion can be modelled as vibrations around and interconversions between these stable conformers.
It is thus common to find local energy minimization methods combined with global energy optimization, to find the global energy minimum (and other low energy states).
Global optimization can be accomplished using simulated annealing, the Metropolis algorithm and other Monte Carlo methods, or using different deterministic methods of discrete or continuous optimization.
While the force field represents only the enthalpic component of free energy (and only this component is included during energy minimization), it is possible to include the entropic component through the use of additional methods, such as normal mode analysis.
Molecular mechanics potential energy functions have been used to calculate binding constants, protein folding kinetics, protonation equilibria, active site coordinates, and to design binding sites.
A system can be simulated in vacuum (termed a gas-phase simulation) with no surrounding environment, but this is usually undesirable because it introduces artifacts in the molecular geometry, especially in charged molecules.
Surface charges that would ordinarily interact with solvent molecules instead interact with each other, producing molecular conformations that are unlikely to be present in any other environment.
A variety of water models exist with increasing levels of complexity, representing water as a simple hard sphere (a united-atom model), as three separate particles with fixed bond angles, or even as four or five separate interaction centers to account for unpaired electrons on the oxygen atom.
A compromise method has been found in implicit solvation, which replaces the explicitly represented water molecules with a mathematical expression that reproduces the average behavior of water molecules (or other solvents such as lipids).
This method is useful to prevent artifacts that arise from vacuum simulations and reproduces bulk solvent properties well, but cannot reproduce situations in which individual water molecules have interesting interactions with the molecules under study.
The official distinction between the two is that Bayswater North is the portion of the postcode area located in the City of Maroondah, whereas Bayswater is located in the City of Knox.
Buses from several companies also service the area, linking residents directly with Bayswater station, surrounding suburbs and the retail and commercial precincts of Ringwood, Croydon and Westfield Knox.
While many of the legal principles and policy debates concerning software copyright have close parallels in other domains of copyright law, there are a number of distinctive issues that arise with software.
For instance, copyleft licenses impose a duty on licensees to share their modifications to the work with the user or copy owner under some circumstances.
Copyright is acquired automatically when an original work is generated, the creator is not required to register or mark the work with the copyright symbol in order to be protected.
The rights holder is granted: the exclusive right of reproduction, the right to rent the software, the right to restrain others from renting the software and the right to assign or license the copyright to others.
Exceptions to these rights are set out by the terms of Fair Dealing, these exempt users from copyright liability covering usage and reproduction when performed for research, private study, education, parody or satire.
Bill C-61 proposed alterations of the breadth and depth of exemptions for uses such as personal back-ups, reverse engineering and security testing.
Copyright in software, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, vests in the author of the software, even for commissioned works.
Copyright can be assigned or licensed through a written document, but under the Indian Copyright Act, in case the period of assignment is not specified, the period is deemed to be 5 years from the date of assignment (section 19(5) of the Copyright Act).
In a recent judgement in the case of Pine Labs Private Limited vs Gemalto Terminals India Private Limited the Delhi High Court has laid down that the copyright belongs to the author (in this case, Pine Labs) and as the period of assignment was not specified in the document of assignment (the Master Service Agreement), the copyright in the software reverted to Pine Labs after 5 years.
Under the provision of Copyright Ordinance 1962, works which fall into any of the following categories: literary, musical or artistic are protected by Copyright law.
According to Chapter XIV of Copyright Ordinance, a person can face a prison of up to 3 years and/or a penalty of up to one hundred thousand rupees if he is found guilty of renting computer software without permission of the owner.
According to a study of Business Software Alliance, 84% of software in Pakistan is being used in violation of the Copyright law of Pakistan.
Circuits differ on what it means for a work to be fixed for the purposes of copyright law and infringement analysis.
The graphics, sounds, and appearance of a computer program also may be protected as an audiovisual work; as a result, a program can infringe even if no code was copied.
Historically, computer programs were not effectively protected by copyrights because computer programs were not viewed as a fixed, tangible object: object code was viewed as a utilitarian good produced from source code rather than as a creative work.
The Copyright Office attempted to classify computer programs by drawing an analogy: the blueprints of a bridge and the resulting bridge compared to the source code of a program and the resulting executable object code.
Another impact of the decision was the rise of the shrink-wrap closed source business model, where before a source code driven software distribution schema dominated.
In 1998, The United States Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) which criminalizes evasion of copy protection (with certain exceptions), destruction or mismanagement of copyright management information, but includes a clause to exempt ISPs from liability of infringement if one of their subscribers infringes.
The Copyright Act expressly permits copies of a work to be made in some circumstances, even without the authorization of the copyright holder.
A copyleft is a type of copyright license that allows redistributing the work (with or without changes) on condition that recipients are also granted these rights.
Founded on 28 June 1945, it is the oldest active team in the professional division from the northern part of Mexico.
Monterrey has won five league titles, two domestic cups, and four CONCACAF Champions League titles (notably, three consecutive tournaments in 2011, 2012 and 2013).
The uniform is reflected in the club's current crest, which is also decorated with stars above the crest representing the club's league titles and stars below the crest representing continental titles.
In terms of overall performance, it is the strongest club from Mexico and all of CONCACAF at the FIFA Club World Cup, with a third-place ranking in the all-time table.
The local derby, known as the Clásico Regiomontano, is known for being one of the most intensely competed derbies in Mexican football and is regarded by people in the city of Monterrey as the most important Mexican derby.
Club de Football Monterrey was founded on 28 June 1945, near the end of World War II by a group of industrial businessmen headed by Ramón Cárdenas Coronado, Enrique Ayala Medina, Paul C. Probert, Rogelio Cantú Gómez and Miguel Margáín Zozaya.
That joy quickly came to an end, first by losing 6–0 to Montezuma, and then having the club's travelling bus involved in a tragic accident in the San Juan de los Lagos roads that would take the lives of many of the club's players and had a big impact on the surviving players.
The other Mexican clubs in solidarity loaned players to Monterrey in order to continue playing the tournament, but the club struggled nevertheless losing 21 games in a row and allowing in 121 goals that year, finishing last in the league.
Due to these events, the club decided to stop playing in the league in 1946 in honor to the players who died.
It was not until 1952 when the club resumed action thanks to Dr. Carlos Canseco, president of the Asociación de Fútbol de Nuevo León.
The club enrolled in the second division and just 4 years later the club earned a promotion to the top division.
Once again the joy was short-lived, when the club finished last in their first year back and was relegated once again to the second division after finishing with a record of 4 wins, 7 draws and 13 losses for a total of 15 points, just 1 short of Zacatepec who kept the category.
The club finished the 1960–61 tournament with a record of 7 wins 7 draws 12 losses for a total of 21 points.
In the 1961–62 tournament the club was again close to relegation finishing 2nd last for the second year in a row just ahead of Zacatepec, who would now be relegated.
In the 1962–63 tournament the club finally managed to have a successful year in the first division finishing 5th in the league, 2 points behind CD Oro, that year's champions who finished with a league best 36 points.
In the 1963–64 tournament the club would finish 3rd in the league just 5 points behind club Guadalajara who would have a league best 37 points.
In the 1964–65 tournament the club would once again finish 3rd in the league this time just 3 points behind club Guadalajara who won its second consecutive league title with 40 points.
This year is also remember for Club Nuevo León promotion to the first division having for the first time 2 clubs from Monterrey participating in the first division.
In the 1966–67 tournament the club felt back into mediocrity finishing tied for 8th in the league with Irapuato with 30 points each.
This year is also remembered for Club Nuevo León's relegation after the club finished tied for last place with CD Oro both with 21 points.
In the 1970s the tournament was split into 2 short tournaments, due to the 1970 world cup that was taking part in Mexico for the first time.
The club was placed in group 1 where they managed to finish 2nd with 17 points, 1 less than group leader Toluca.
The following year Monterrey finished runner up to Club América who went on to win the league title that year against Toluca.
In the 1973–74 tournament the club managed to qualify for the quarterfinals where they once again were eliminated this time by Atlético Español who beat them 5–6 on aggregate.
The following year the club failed to qualify for the playoffs, finishing 3rd in group 2 with a record of 15 wins 14 draws losing 9 for a total of 44 points, 2 points fewer than Unión de Curtidores who qualified.
In the 1975–76 tournament the club finished in first place with a total of 44 points by means of 16 wins, 12 draws and 10 losses.
In quarterfinals the club played Cruz Azul who they managed to beat 7–2 on aggregate, scoring 5 goals in the first match and 2 more in the second winning both games.
For the 1976–77 tournament, the club failed to qualify finishing 4th in group 2 with 32 points by means of 10 wins, 12 draws losing 16 games.
For the 1977–78 tournament the club once again fell short and did not qualify finishing 4th in group 2 with 38 points just 6 shy of cross town rival Tigres UANL, who won its first league title.
In the 1978–79 tournament the club once again qualified to the playoffs finishing 1st in group one with a total of 40 points by means of 14 wins 12 draws losing 12.
This time a short tournament was played by the best 8 teams in the league who were then split into 2 groups.
after 6 rounds of play the club finished in 3rd place with 6 points by means of 1 win, 4 draws losing just 1 match, just 2 points behind Pumas UNAM who went on to lose to Cruz Azul who had won the other group.
In the 1979–80 tournament the club finished 3rd in group 1 with 34 points with a record of 9 wins 16 draws losing 16 games scoring 40 goals and allowing 50.
The decade came to an end with Club Monterrey having title to show for all their efforts, qualifying a couple times but failing to win their first league title.
On 1 March 1986, the Rayados won their first league title in the return leg of a series against Tampico-Madero in the Estadio Tecnológico during the Torneo México 86, winning by an aggregate 3–2 score.
The next season, the team signed several players, including Brazilian midfielder Ricardo Ferretti, but the team had an inconsistent season and would finish the remaining years of the decade without lifting a trophy.
The next season, they won their first Copa MX after defeating CD Juarez 4–2 at home in the Estadio Tecnologico and then went on to reach the league final of the 1992–93 season, losing to Atlante FC.
While the early years of the decade seemed promising for Monterrey, the latter half of the decade would prove to be a disappointing one, as financial problems started to become a problem for the club.
During this period, the club sold many players who would go on to have successful careers with other teams like Ramon Morales and Sinha.
Young talent Jesus Arellano was sold to Guadalajara in 1997, though he returned to the club in 2000 and spent the next eleven years as captain before retiring in 2011.
The defeat meant that Tigres would be relegated for the first and so far only time in their history to the Segunda División.
In 1999, Monterrey was facing a fierce relegation battle of its own against Puebla, culminating on May 9, 1999, when the teams faced each other at the Estadio Tecnologico to decide which team would get relegated.
In 2002, Monterrey hired coach Daniel Pasarella and started to form a strong and competitive side featuring the likes of Guillermo Franco, Walter Erviti, Jesus Arellano and Luis Perez.
In the first leg, they won 4–1 at the Estadio Universitario, and despite losing 2–1 at their home ground in the second leg, they managed to advance to the finals with an aggregate victory of 5–3.
On June 14, 2003, they defeated Monarcas Morelia by an aggregate of 3–1 to claim their second league title after 17 years.
He led them to the finals of the Apertura 2004, but the club lost against Club Universidad Nacional by an aggregate of 3–1.
Herrera would remain their head coach until 2007, when he was fired after a poor string of results in the Apertura 2007.
For the Clausura 2008, Monterrey hired Ricardo La Volpe to be their head coach, and they managed to reach the semi-finals.
In 2009, Monterrey hired coach Victor Manuel Vucetich and formed a team that would become one of the strongest in the league, with an attack led by Humberto Suazo and new acquisition Aldo de Nigris, a midfield featuring veteran players Luis Ernesto Perez and Jesus Arellano along with Walter Ayovi and a defence led by Jose Maria Basanta, Duilio Davino and goalkeeper Jonathan Orozco.
They won their third league title, the Apertura 2009 tournament, with an aggregate victory of 6–4 against Cruz Azul in the finals.
Thus, after a six-year wait Monterrey lifted their third league title.In the next tournament, Humberto Suazo left to play for Spanish club Real Zaragoza, but nonetheless, Monterrey managed to finish on top of the table for the first time in their history.
Suazo returned to Rayados for the Apertura 2010 tournament, and they managed to win their fourth league title when they defeated Santos Laguna in the finals.
Although they lost 3–2 in the first leg, they were able to make a comeback and win 3–0 in the second leg at the Estadio Tecnologico, with Humberto Suazo and Jose Basanta scoring two and one goals, respectively.
With an aggregate score of 5–3, Monterrey claimed their fourth title.Monterrey secured a place in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League and won the tournament for the first time in their history.
They faced Real Salt Lake in the Finals and won 3–2 on aggregate to claim their first CONCACAF Champions League title and the third title in the Vucetich Era.
They lost the Clausura 2012 finals against Santos Laguna but won the finals of the Champions League against Santos with an aggregate of 3–2 to claim their second consecutive CONCACAF title.
However, Monterrey managed to make a dramatic comeback and scored four goals, with a brace from Aldo de Nigris and a goal each from Humberto Suazo and Neri Cardozo.
Although they enjoyed tremendous success in the CONCACAF Champions League, they did not return to the following tournament as they could not reach any league finals during the 2012–13 Liga MX season and thus could not get a chance to try and become the first team to win the tournament four times in a row.
By now, players like Jesus Arellano and Duilio Davino had retired, and long-time club players like Luis Ernesto Perez had left the club.
However, a string of poor results and the shock early departure of Pabon would prove to be a threat as Monterrey started the tournament poorly.
On August 25, 2013, Rayados announced that Vucetich had stepped down as coach, and thus the Vucetich Era, which earned the club a total of five titles in four years, came to an end.
Rayados hired Jose Guadalupe Cruz to become the new manager of the team, and although they managed to reach the semi-finals of the domestic cup, the Copa MX, they failed to qualify to the playoffs of the Apertura 2013 tournament.
After a bad start to the Clausura 2014, they fired Cruz on February 18, 2014, after only 17 league games coached.
Colombian striker Dorlan Pabon re-joined the team, and with new signings such as Stefan Medina and Pablo Barrera, Monterrey started the Apertura 2014 tournament with high expectations.
They managed to secure 6th place and returned to the playoffs for the first time since Vucetich had managed the club.
The club reached the semi-finals but lost 3–0 on aggregate against the eventual champions Club America in what would prove to be Suazo's last games with the club before returning to Colo-Colo. Suazo had scored over 102 league goals in a seven-year span and became the all-time top scorer for the club.
The team started the Clausura 2015 tournament in poor form, losing four of their first six games, and on February 15, the team fired Barra and replaced him with two-time Liga MX champion Antonio Mohamed, who had led Club America to the league championship the previous tournament.
Monterrey did not qualify to the playoffs under Mohamed, but the club were keen on keeping him for the 2015–16 season.
That season would prove to be a special one as the team were moving to a new home ground, the Estadio BBVA Bancomer.
In the summer, Rayados made new signings, including midfielder Walter Gargano, striker Rogelio Funes Mori and re-signed Jose Maria Basanta, who had left for Italian side Florentina after the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Former club veterans Aldo de Nigris and Luis Ernesto Perez also returned to the club, along with the promotion to the first team of promising young center back Cesar Montes.
Rayados had a formidable attacking trio of Dorlan Pabon, Rogelio Funes Mori and Edwin Cardona, who had signed with Monterrey during the winter of 2015.
They narrowly missed the playoffs of the Apertura 2015 tournament, but their offense was lauded by many as one of the best in the league.
In the winter of 2016, the team acquired club veteran Walter Ayovi who had left the club in 2013 and River Plate midfielder Carlos Sánchez who had won the Copa Libertadores a few months prior.
They went on to have their best regular season in years by finishing on top of the league with 37 points, seven points ahead of second place Pachuca.
The team's success was primarily due to their attacking trio composed of Pabon, Funes Mori and Cardona, with midfielder Carlos Sanchez providing several goals and assists.
In the quarterfinals, they faced their arch-rivals and defending league champions Tigres UANL, the first leg was played at the Estadio Universitario where Monterrey won 3–1.
The away leg was played at the BBVA Bancomer, where Tigres won 2–1 despite several penalties that were controversially awarded to Monterrey.
Monterrey advanced to the semi-finals with a 4–3 aggregate victory and extended their record of never being eliminated by Tigres in the playoffs.
In the second leg, they faced them at home and pulled off a dramatic 4–2 victory, in what was described by some pundits as one of the best games in the history of the playoffs.
Controversy arose when it was confirmed that Carlos Sanchez would not be able to play the finals as the Uruguay national team had called him up for the upcoming Copa America Centenario.
In the league finals against Pachuca, Monterrey lost the first leg 1–0 at the Estadio Hidalgo, with the sole goal coming from striker Franco Jara.
The second leg took place at the Estadio BBVA Bancomer in what was its first ever final since it was inaugurated the year before.
Veteran goalkeeper Oscar Perez had several key saves for Pachuca, and in the closing minutes of the game, a header from Victor Guzman in the 93rd minute gave the title to Pachuca in what was described by the Mexican media as a heart-breaking defeat for Monterrey.
However, it also saw the return of Rayados to the CONCACAF Champions League after a three-year absence, having won the tournament three times in a row under Vucetich.
The team had high hopes to redeem itself after their league title loss; however, the team was shockingly eliminated in the group stage after finishing second in their group behind Panamanian club Arabe Unido.
In the second leg at the Estadio BBVA Bancomer, Tigres beat Monterrey 2-1 with goals from Edu Vargas and Francisco Meza.
After announcing the appointment of Diego Alonso in July 2018, the club would have a great run in the Copa MX.
Despite beating Querétaro FC 1-0 in the quarter finals and CF Pachuca on penalties in the semi finals, the club would fall short losing 2-0 to CD Cruz Azul in Copa MX Apertura final.
Monterrey would finish third in the Liga MX Clausura and fifth in the Liga MX Apertura giving them a playoff spot in both competitions.
They would advance to the semifinals in the Clausura playoffs, beating Necaxa but losing to Tigres UNAL on a league position decider after a 1-1 draw.
In the Apertura playoffs they would have to face the same faith, going on to the semi-finals of the competition, beating Santos Laguna 3-0 on aggregate in the quarter finals until facing CD Cruz Azul and falling short on a league position decider after a 1-1 draw.
In the CONCACAF Champions League, they would go on winning the continental tournament after convincingly beating Sporting Kansas City 10-2 on aggregate in the semi-final and finally beating Tigres UANL in the CONCACAF Champions League final in a 2-1 win in aggregate score.
In the Apertura 2019 season, Diego Alonso would be dismissed from his post having more defeats than victories in the Apertura.
The club would find themselves in a good run in the Club World Cup, advancing to the semi-finals after beating Al Sadd 3-2, ultimately the club would lose to Liverpool FC after a stoppage time winner by Roberto Firminho.
Despite the club finishing 8th in the Apertura, they would go on to win the Apertura playoffs after beating Club America 4-2 on penalties and winning their 5th championship league trophy.
Since the club's founding in 1945, the colours used by the club have been white and blue, with varied use from the usual stripes.
The third colour has also been inconsistent, sometimes presented as being red, orange and cyan, and recently, violet, purple or green.
Monterrey and Tigres are both known to sell out all of their home games regardless of weather conditions and the teams' status.
As of July 2017, there have been a total of 112 official Clásico games, Tigres has been victorious in 40 of them, while Monterrey has won 38, and a total of 33 games have been draws.
Monterrey and Tigres played their first Clásico on 13 July 1974 in the Estadio Universitario, with the match ending in a 1–1 draw.
Almost all their first encounters were played in the Estadio Universitario, with averages of 70,000 fans attending these games, which were before the stadium renovation.
Monterrey has recently held somewhat of a regional rivalry with state neighbors Santos Laguna, whom they have played a total of four finals, with Monterrey winning three of them and Santos one.
The city of Monterrey claims and does have Mexico's most loyal supporting crowds for their teams, due to the city having the only venues that regularly sell-out in the Primera División.
Monterrey played their home matches at the Estadio Tecnológico from 1950 to 2015, though for a period of time from 1973 to 1980 they played at the Estadio Universitario, the stadium was opened on July 17, 1950 by Mexican president Miguel Alemán Valdés, it was the second oldest football stadium in Mexico, after Estadio Azul.
Monterrey won league titles in 1986 (Mexico 1986) and Apertura 2010 in the venue, as well as the Copa MX in 1991 and the CONCACAF Champions League in 2012–13.In July 2015, Monterrey moved to a new stadium called Estadio BBVA, located in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, in Greater Monterrey.
The stadium has similar features of those incorporated within the design of England's Wembley Stadium and the Aviva Stadium in Ireland.
The stadium was inaugurated on 2 August 2015 in a friendly match for the eighth edition of the Eusébio Cup, where Monterrey defeated Benfica 3–0 hosting in front of a sold out crowd.
Estadio BBVA, designed by Christopher Lee of Populous, started its development in October 2011, and included plans for reforestation and environmental healing for the decaying area that surrounds the construction site.
It is seen as one of the most beautiful stadiums in Mexico, it has the fourth largest capacity crowd in Mexico.
The inclination of the grandstand is 34 degrees and with the minimum distance allowed by FIFA to provide unsurpassed closeness to the action.
On 29 May 2016, Monterrey played their first final in their new stadium in front of 50,000 fans against Pachuca for the Clausura 2016 championship, which they tied 1–1, but lost 2–1 on aggregate.
The original uniform was a shirt that was split diagonally across the chest with blue and white at each side, with white shorts and navy blue socks.
In 1955 after winning the second division the club used a white shirt with two horizontal blue lines across the chest.
In the 1960s the club wore a different kit inspired by the one used by Jaibos Tampico Madero with vertical baby blue lines with white shorts and socks.
It was in 1962 when D. José Ramón Ballina introduced the kit that the club still uses to date, inspired by Asturias FC, a club he had played in Mexico City.
In the 1970s, many models emerged, some with broad, thicker stripes, and blue and black combinations, but the most significant change occurred in the mid-1980s when the color of the T-shirt changed from royal blue to navy blue, a colour that is still in use today.
Atletica was the kit manufacturer from 1999 to 2007, followed by American company Nike which manufactured the kits from 2007 to 2014 afterwards Monterrey signed a contract with German sportswear manufacturer Puma which has been making the team's kit ever since.
He forged an alliance with Premier John Norquay soon after moving to Manitoba, and in the election of 1883 was elected for the riding of Minnedosa as a Liberal-Conservative, easily defeating his Liberal opponent David Glass.
On August 27, 1886, Harrison was appointed Minister of Agriculture, Statistics and Health, and was touted as a possible successor to Norquay.
Norquay was forced to resign in early December 1887, after a financial crisis involving railway transfers cost him the support of his ministers.
He was unable to win the support of a clear majority of MLAs, and lost a vital by-election on January 12, 1888.
Ferntree Gully is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, at the foothills of the Dandenong Ranges, 30 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
The suburb is on the Belgrave railway line and it takes between 42 minutes (stopping all stations and then express service from Box Hill) to 60 minutes (all stations service) to Flinders Street, CBD.
The William Angliss Public Hospital and Emergency Centre is located east in Upper Ferntree Gully, approximately 2 kilometres just off Burwood Highway.
Ferntree Gully, The Basin, Boronia and Upper Ferntree Gully are the only Dandenong Ranges towns or suburbs in the City of Knox (although some parts of Upper Ferntree Gully are within the Shire of Yarra Ranges).
The City of Knox is one of the few cities not broken-up during the Kennett government review of councils and had its area expanded to include parts of Upper Ferntree Gully that were previously in the Shire of Sherbrooke (now part of the Yarra Ranges Shire).
Its boundaries meet Upper Ferntree Gully, a separate but similarly named suburb with the same postcode, Boronia to the North, Scoresby to the West and Lysterfield to the South.
Ferntree Gully is in a high fire risk area in the vicinity of the Ferntree Gully National Park, however the majority of the suburb is considered low risk.
Natural features include a large part of the Dandenong Ranges National Park which forms a picturesque backdrop to Ferntree Gully, especially the Ferntree Gully village part of the suburb.
The abundance of Tree Ferns stretched from the Township to the National Park and picturesque scenery and lush flora started attracting recreational visitors from the 1870s.
Up until the mid-1970s the old Puffing Billy Railway shed was located below Quarry Road just west of Upper Ferntree Gully railway station.
One of the Buildings from the old shire offices, on the corner of Selman Avenue and Burwood Highway, Ferntree Gully, has been preserved under a heritage listing and now houses a community health service (entry via Selman Avenue).
The Ferntree Gully cemetery is the resting place of a number of historically significant local people as well as world-renowned artists, authors and poets.
Ambleside Homestead, in Olivebank Road, Ferntree Gully, was built in the 1890s and is now the base for the Knox Historical Society and a local history museum.
It holds extensive collections of historic documents and photographs dating back to the 1800s and is also the custodian of all old school photographs from the City and Shires of Knox schools maintaining an accurate collection up to today.
Old school photos from FTG and Boronia High, Knox Tech and primary schools are on display and available for copy for a fee.
W. Kennedy-Ross, a Scot, secured the title to the triangular section bounded by Ferntree Gully Road, Scoresby Road and Burwood Highway, in 1872.
In the early 1900s, the of Kent Park were used for general grazing, farming, growing oats and keeping a variety of livestock.
It was renamed Ferntree Gully South when the Lower Ferntree Gully Office opened (open since 1948) and was renamed Ferntree Gully.
There is the Ferntree Gully library and community centre, where the Knox Festival is held in March every year (the alternative venue being in Rowville).
Each December, the Knox Christmas Carols are held on the grounds of the Ferntree Gully football/Cricket club in Brenock Park Drive (now known as Wally Tew Reserve).
The former Churches of England, Methodist and Presbyterian were located in the Ferntree Gully Village in Station Street (C of E), at the intersection of Selman Avenue, The Avenue (M) and Francis Crescent (P).
The Church of England moved to a new site on Burwood Highway near Burke Rd and recently merged with the Rowville church with the land being sold for housing.
There are a number of sports represented in Ferntree Gully including cricket, netball (the Mountain Districts Netball Association courts are based in Ferntree Gully), basketball (Ferntree Gully Falcons Basketball Club), Australian rules football (Ferntree Gully Eagles and Eastern Lions compete in the Eastern Football League), tennis, swimming (Knox-Sherbrooke Swimming Centre), table tennis, lawn bowls and gymnastics (Knox Gymnastics Centre).
Boasting two engine bays and four appliances and a services building at the rear it is one of the busiest volunteer stations in the state.
It is backed up by other volunteer CFA Brigades in The Basin, Scoresby and Upper Ferntree Gully and including two permanent/volunteer stations in Boronia and Rowville.
St John's Primary School and St Josephs Secondary College and Ferntree Gully North Primary School are all within 10 minutes walk.
Community groups include Ferntree Gully CFA volunteer fire brigade, Scouts at 1st Ferntree Gully and 4th Knox, Girl Guides and Rotary.
There are several Primary schools—Wattleview Primary School, Eastern Ranges School, Ferntree Gully North Primary School, Kent Park Primary School, Mountain Gate Primary School, St John the Baptist Primary School, and Fairhills Primary School.
The site of the former Ferntree Gully Primary school (Burwood Highway, Ferntree Gully) houses a number of buildings of historical significance for the area.
There is one secondary school in Ferntree Gully—St Joseph's College (A Catholic boys college in the care of the Salesians of Don Bosco for students in Years 7 – 12).
There was another secondary school—Ferntree Gully Secondary College (for students in Years 7–12)—which closed at the end of the 2006 school year.
Ferntree Gully has a railway station located on Station Street, near the shopping district, which was previously known as Lower Ferntree Gully, followed by Fern Tree Gully, having been changed to the latter on 29 February 1972.
A number of Melbourne bus routes also service the suburb which is run by Ventura bus lines and use the Ferntree Gully Railway station located on Station Street as a Terminus.
108 trains pass through Ferntree Gully per day between Belgrave and the CBD with many running express from Box Hill to the city and express to Box hill on the way to Belgrave.
Cricketer Shane Warne was born in Upper Ferntree Gully on 13 September 1969 at the Angliss Hospital (Talaskia Road, Upper Ferntree Gully), as was Brisbane Lions triple premiership player Shaun Hart.
Collingwood Footballer Jaidyn Stephenson grew up in Ferntree Gully and attended the St Josephs Secondary College prior to joining the Collingwood Football Club.
Noel John McNamara (born 12 January 1938) is an Australian campaigner for victims of crime and outspoken critic of the Australian justice system.
Professional Major League Baseball players Bradley Harman, Justin Huber and Michael Nakamura played baseball at Upwey Ferntree Gully Baseball Club, which is located at Kings Park.
Actress Pippa Black, who portrayed Elle Robinson in the TV series Neighbours, was born in Ferntree Gully on 16 October 1982.
The Ferntree Gully Village at the intersection of Station Street, Alpine Street and Forest Road is the official site of Ferntree Gully Township, Railway Station and historic town centre.
It contains an IGA and one other supermarket, green grocer's, butchers and curiosity shops such as Vinnies as well as a selection of unique restaurants and cafe's.
Among his work was an incomplete proof (Abel–Ruffini theorem) that quintic (and higher-order) equations cannot be solved by radicals (1799), and Ruffini's rule which is a quick method for polynomial division.
Work in this area was later carried on by those such as Abel and Galois who succeeded in such a proof.
Recent reports from the field reveal that this number is far too high: Southern Yukaghir had maximum 5 fluent speakers in 2009, while the Tundra Yukaghir language had around 60-70.
The relationship of the Yukaghir languages with other language families is uncertain, though it has been suggested that they are distantly related to the Uralic languages, thus forming the putative Uralic–Yukaghir language family.
Tundra and Kolyma Yukaghir are the only two remnants of what used to be one of the dominant languages/language families of northeastern Siberia, spreading from the River Anadyr in the east to the River Lena in the west.
On the basis of the evidence of early sources, it can be assumed that there existed a Yukaghir dialect continuum, with what is today Tundra Yukaghir and Kolyma Yukaghir at the extremes.
In absence of narrow focus, the system is organised on the nominative–accusative basis; when focused, direct objects and subjects of intransitive verbs are co-aligned (special focus case, special focus agreement).
William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy (c. 14788 November 1534), KG, of Barton Blount, Derbyshire, was an extremely influential English courtier, a respected humanistic scholar and patron of learning.
William Blount was born circa 1478 in Barton Blount, Derbyshire, the eldest son of John Blount, 3rd Baron Mountjoy (c. 14501485) by his wife Lora Berkeley (d. 1501), daughter of Edward Berkeley (d. 1506) of Beverston Castle, Gloucestershire.
After her husband's death in 1485, Lora Berkeley remarried firstly to Sir Thomas Montgomery (d. 1495), and secondly to Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond (d. 1515), grandfather of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII.
In 1513 he was appointed Governor of Tournai (1513–1519), and his letters to Cardinal Wolsey and King Henry VIII describing his vigorous government of the town are preserved in the British Library.
In 1520 he was present with Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and in 1522 at the king's meeting with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Having served since 1512 as Chamberlain to Queen Catherine of Aragon, it fell to him in that office to announce to her the intention of Henry VIII to divorce her.
He also signed the letter to the Pope conveying the king's threat to repudiate papal supremacy unless the divorce were granted.
Wantirna South is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
One of the first buildings was Wantirna South Post Office, opened on 1 December 1936, but was renamed Studfield in 1990, being at the Studfield Shopping Centre.
A $500 million renovation of the shopping centre which has been approved by the local council is underway and will make Westfield Knox the biggest shopping centre in Australia, rivalring Chadstone Shopping Centre also in Victoria.
Rembrandts was a ballroom and formal eating place where social life took place, including over-28s and debutant balls from various schools.
Many families and couples have now migrated to Wantirna South due to the opening of the new home estate, Harcrest, which was established by Mirvac in 2011.
display village featuring homes by Porter Davis, Metricon and Mirvac, an upcoming lake, shopping complex and various parks and community gardens.
Apartment living has also taken hold in a suburb traditionally dominated by houses, with the upcoming construction of the Knoxia luxury apartment complex directly opposite Westfield Knox, and the Kubix building along Burwood Highway.
Luxury Townhouses like the exclusive Manna Rise along Lewis Road have also been very popular and command strong prices due to its enviable location, attracting wealthy international buyers and locals looking to downsize from their million dollar mansions in Wantirna South but not willing to give up privilege access to all amenities the location offers.
Schools in Wantirna South include Knox Gardens Primary School, Knox Central Primary School, Knox Park Primary School, St Andrews Christian College, Waverley Christian College, Wantirna South Primary School and The Knox School.
WASPS were established in 1988, and with over 70 boys and girls teams has grown to be the largest club competing in the Knox Basketball Association.
The Knox Football Club, The Falcons, is situated next to Knox Gardens Primary School and also competes in the Eastern Football League.
The Knox City Tennis Club is located in the heart of Wantirna South and backs onto the well known flood basin.
Two streetwise undercover cops in the fictional city of Bay City, California in the 1970s, bust drug criminals with the help of underworld boss, Huggy Bear.
The film functions as a sort of prequel to the TV series, as it portrays when Starsky was first partnered with Hutchinson.
While in the TV show, Starsky was curious and streetwise, and Hutch was by-the-book, in the film, Starsky is the serious cop, and Hutch is laid-back.
The macho Starsky (Ben Stiller) loves his Ford Gran Torino and recklessly pursues minor offenders, while the easy-going Hutchinson (Owen Wilson) often works alongside criminals to investigate their activity.
Jewish-American drug kingpin Reese Feldman (Vince Vaughn) and partner-in-crime Kevin Jutsum (Jason Bateman) develop a new type of cocaine untraceable in scent and taste.
A clue leads them to Feldman, who denies any knowledge of the crime, but his wife mentions the dealer had been dating a cheerleader.
After meeting cheerleaders Stacey (Carmen Electra) and Holly (Amy Smart), the detectives learn from cheerleader Heather (Brande Roderick) that the dealer's jacket was made by Big Earl (Will Ferrell).
Big Earl, implied to be gay and obsessed with dragons, forces the detectives into humiliating acts in exchange for a packet of what they believe is cocaine.
Captain Doby (Fred Williamson), angered by their wild interrogation, tells them the packet contains artificial sweetener and takes them off the case.
They go undercover as mimes at his daughter's Bat Mitzvah; confronting Feldman, Starsky shoots the lock off his garage door, inadvertently killing a pony inside that had been a gift for his daughter.
Doby indefinitely suspends both detectives, and though Starsky defends Hutch, Doby reveals a complaint Starsky filed against his partner weeks ago.
Starsky and Hutch visit Willis in the hospital where they reconcile and decide to put an end to Feldman's drug business.
With help from Huggy Bear, who grudgingly serves as Feldman's golf caddie, they learn that the kingpin plans to sell the drugs at a charity ball by hiding them in Volkswagen Karmann Ghias to be given away to other dealers.
In the confusion, Feldman and his girlfriend Kitty (Juliette Lewis) escape with the money from the cocaine deal, leading Starsky and Hutch on a car chase through a golf course.
As Feldman and Kitty take off in his yacht, Starsky and Hutch try to ramp Starsky's beloved car off a pier in pursuit, but land in the sea.
Huggy surprises him with another Gran Torino (bought from the original Starsky and Hutch duo, David Soul and Paul Michael Glaser).
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 62% based on 193 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10.
Wantirna is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
In 1912 the need for a school to serve the local area soon became apparent in this small but fast-growing area; the Finger family donated two acres of land on the southern side of Mountain Hwy (then known as Wantirna-Sassafras Rd) and a timber schoolhouse was opened.
The Finger and Fankhauser families were prime movers in the erection of the Methodist Church opened opposite the school in May 1914, and a Parish Hall was built on Burwood Highway in 1924.
Schools in Wantirna include Wantirna Primary School, Wantirna College, Regency Park Primary School, Templeton Primary School and St Luke's Primary School.
Gridiron football (), also known more rarely as North American football () or, in North America, simply football, is a football sport primarily played in the United States and Canada.
American football, which uses 11-player teams, is the form played in the United States and the best known form of gridiron football worldwide, while Canadian football, featuring 12-player teams, predominates in Canada.
Other derivative varieties include indoor football, football for smaller teams (most commonly eight players), and informal games such as touch and flag football.
The sport originated in the 19th century out of older games related to modern rugby football, more specifically rugby union football.
American and Canadian football developed alongside (but independently from) each other and were originally more distinct before Canadian teams adopted features of the American game.
The international governing body for the sport is the International Federation of American Football (IFAF); although the organization plays all of its international competitions under American rules, it uses a definition of the game that is broad enough that it includes Canadian football under its umbrella, and Football Canada (the governing body for Canadian football) is an IFAF member.
This name originates with the sport's characteristic playing field, which is marked by a series of parallel lines along the width of the field in a pattern resembling a cooking gridiron.
By the 1860s, teams from universities were playing each other, leading to more standardized rules and the creation of college football.
Many of these early innovations were the work of Walter Camp, including the sport's line of scrimmage and the system of a down.. Another consequential changes was the adoption of the forward pass in 1906, which allowed the quarterback to throw the ball forward over the line of scrimmage to a receiver.
Canadian football remained akin to rugby for decades, though a progressive faction of players, chiefly based in the western provinces, demanded changes to the game based on the innovations in American football.
Over the years, the sport adopted more Americanized rules, though it retained some of its historical features, including a 110-yard field, 12-player teams, and three downs instead of four.
Around the same time Camp devised the rules for American football, the Canadian game would develop in the same way (but separately) from the American game; the Burnside rules was instrumental in establishing much of the rules for the modern game.
This is a minimal description of the game in general, with elements common to all or almost all variants of the game.
Prior to the start of a game, a coin toss determines which team will kick off the ball to their opponent.
Each team lines up on opposite halves of the field, with a minimum ten yards of space between them for the kickoff.
A kicking team can, under special circumstances, attempt to recover its own kick, but the rules of the game make it very difficult to do so reliably, and so this tactic is usually only used as a surprise or desperation maneuver.
The offense is given a set amount of time (up to forty seconds, depending on the governing body), during which the teams can set up a play in a huddle and freely substitute players to set into a formation, in which the offense must remain perfectly still for at least one second (the formation requirement does not apply to Canadian football).
At least half of the players (seven in standard American and Canadian football, four in standard indoor ball) on the offense must line up on the line of scrimmage in this formation, including the snapper, who handles the ball before play commences; the rest can (and almost always do) line up behind the line.
Once the ball is snapped, the play has commenced, and the offense's goal is to continue advancing the ball toward their opponent's end zone.
In a forward pass, a player from behind the line of scrimmage throws the ball to an eligible receiver (another back or one player on each end of the line), who must catch the ball before it touches the ground.
The play stops when a player with the ball touches any part of his body other than hand or foot to the ground, runs out of the boundaries of the field, is obstructed from making further forward progress, or a forward pass hits the ground without being caught (in the last case, the ball returns to the spot it was snapped).
To stop play, players on defense are allowed to tackle the ball carrier at any time the ball is in play, provided they do not grab the face mask of the helmet or make helmet-to-helmet contact when doing so.
At any time, the player with the ball can attempt a backward, or lateral, pass to any other player in order to keep the ball in play; this is generally rare.
In the event that any illegal action happens during the play, the results of the previous play are erased and a penalty is assessed, forcing the offending team to surrender between five and fifteen yards of field to the opponent.
Whether this yardage is measured from the original spot of the ball before the play, the spot of the illegal action, or the end of the play depends on the individual foul.
A team on offense cannot score points as the direct result of a penalty; a defensive foul committed in the team's own end zone, if the penalty is assessed from the spot of the foul, places the ball at the one-yard line.
In contrast, a defensive team can score points as a direct result of a penalty; if the offense commits a foul under the same scenario, the defensive team receives two points and a free kick.
In all other circumstances (except for the open-ended and extremely rare unfair act clause), a penalty cannot exceed more than half the distance to the end zone.
In the event that the penalty would be less advantageous than the result of the actual play, the team not committing the penalty can decline it.
In order to keep play moving, the offense must make a certain amount of progress (10 yards in most leagues) within a certain number of plays (3 in Canada, 4 in the United States), called downs.
There are two types of scrimmage kick: a punt is when the ball is kicked downfield as close to the opponent's end zone as possible without entering it; the kicking team loses possession of the ball after the kick and the receiving team can attempt to advance the ball.
This must be attempted by place kick or (more rarely) drop kick, and if the kicked ball passes through the goal set at the edge of the opponent's end zone, the team scores three points.
In Canada, any kick that goes into the end zone and is not returned, whether it be a punt or a missed field goal, is awarded one single point.
If the team in possession of the ball, at any time, advances (either by carrying or catching) the ball into the opponent's end zone, it is a touchdown, and the team scores six points and a free play known as a try.
In a try, a team attempts to score one or two points (rules vary by each league, but under standard rules, a field goal on a try is worth one point while another touchdown is worth two).
At the college and professional levels, the defense can also score on a try, but only on the same scale (thus a botched try the defense returns for a touchdown scores only two points and not six).
If a team is in its own end zone and commits a foul, is tackled with the ball, or bats, fumbles, kicks or throws the ball backward out of the field of play through the same end zone, the defense scores a safety, worth two points.
After a try, safety or field goal, the team that had possession of the ball goes back to the middle of the field and kicks the ball off to their opponent, and play continues as it did in the beginning of the game.
Whichever team has more points at the end of the game is declared the winner; in the event of a tie, each league has its own rules for overtime to break the tie.
Because of the nature of the game, pure sudden-death overtimes have been abolished at all levels of the game as of 2012.
Waitt relinquished his post as CEO of Gateway in late 1999 to Jeffrey Weitzen, but returned to the post in January 2001.
In 2004, after the acquisition of eMachines, Waitt turned over day-to-day operations of Gateway and the title of CEO to Wayne Inouye, the former CEO of eMachines.
He has held a spot on both the Forbes 400 Richest in America as well as Forbes list of the World's Billionaires.
Waitt served as chairman of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies Board of Trustees from November 28, 2016 until November 20, 2017.
He originally joined the Salk Board of Trustees in 2004 and has served in numerous roles while donating millions of dollars to the Institute.
Waitt owns homes in the Bird Streets area of Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles (put up for sale for $20 million in September 2015) and in La Jolla, California (purchased in 2005 for $13.32 million and put for sale for $22.9 million in November 2015).
The Foundation funds partnerships and projects, sometimes in conjunction or collaboration with the Waitt Institutes, focused on marine conservation and that have sought a deeper understanding of human history and improve mankind’s knowledge through historical and scientific exploration.
Established in 1993, the Foundation initially focused on domestic violence prevention and community development, knowing that building stronger families and societies will help foster the vision of a better world.
The creation of the Waitt Institutes in 2005—the Waitt Institute, and the Waitt Institute for Violence Prevention—has allowed the Foundation to broaden its program interests to the global community.
The Waitt Institute is a founding member, along with National Geographic Pristine Seas, Oceans 5, and Dynamic Planet, of the Blue Prosperity Coalition which aims to support governments in sustainable oceans management by providing financing, expertise, and tools to protect 30% of marine environments through the creation of marine protected areas (MPA).
Waitt serves as the Chairman of the Founding Fathers campaign of the Family Violence Prevention Fund, just one of the efforts that he supports in the fight to prevent domestic violence.
Waitt was appointed by Congress to serve on the Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce and has served on numerous other corporate and philanthropic boards of directors, including the Advisory Council of the National Geographic Society and as Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
On November 1, 2019, the Blue Prosperity Coalition announced a ten-year, $150 million commitment from the Waitt Foundation towards its ocean conservation efforts.
On 15 Sept, 2016, the Waitt Foundation joined with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WSC), the blue moon fund (bmf) and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) to commit a combined $48 million towards expansion of the world's marine protected areas (MPA).
On 1 May 2008, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies announced the grant of $20 million from the Waitt Foundation to fund the creation of an Advanced Biophotonics Center.
Waitt served as chairman of the Founding Fathers campaign of the Family Violence Prevention Fund; vice chairman of the board of trustees at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies; trustee of the National Geographic Society; founding member of Oceans 5; and board member of the Pristine Seas initiative.
It also houses the premium residential complex Raheja Acropolis and some beautiful green bungalow societies like Saras Baug, Uday Giri, Vikram Jyoti, Datta Guru, Deonar Baug, Pawtwardhan Colony etc.
The highlight of this temple is the 2300 year old idol of Neminath Bhagwan, the 22nd Tirthankara of Jains, which was sourced from Gujarat during the consecration of the temple.
The closest railway station is Govandi Railway Station to Deonar, and it is situated near areas like Chembur, connected via P L Lokhande Marg, and Vashi.
The location of the abattoir, landfills along with the close proximity to industries like BPCL and HPCL has led to raising of several environment concerns in Deonar.
The series, developed for TV by John Wilder and starring Robert Urich, was broadcast on ABC from September 20, 1985 until May 7, 1988.
Location shooting ultimately led to the show's demise, with costs being cited as one of the main reasons why ABC cancelled it.
Filmed largely in Boston, which was considered one of the show's strong points, it featured shots from many locations, even showing the harsh winters there (notably in the pilot).
According to a popular rumor, Parker was going to name the character David, after one of his sons, but changed his mind out of consideration for his other son, Daniel.
He is also an excellent cook, often making recipes he picks up from watching Julia Child on his kitchen counter television.
It is succeeded by a new 1987 Mustang 5.0 GT which, five episodes later, is traded for a perfectly restored 1966 Mustang GT which gets banged up over the remaining run of the show.
In the show Spenser carries a Beretta 9mm pistol, whereas in the books his weapon of choice is a Browning Hi-Power 9mm pistol along with a 38 cal.
However, the television version of the character was younger than his literary counterpart, and acknowledged being a veteran of the Vietnam War in the series' pilot episode.
After Susan leaves the show, ADA Rita Fiore becomes Spenser's love interest during the second season, but they do not seem to develop the personal bond that was apparent with Silverman.
In the second season, we find that the Fire Department took the station back as they needed it and Spenser finds himself in a small top floor apartment in Charlestown, near the old Boston Navy Yard which he now uses as his office.
Lt. Nick Webster is hard-nosed from day one and the first thing he does is order Spenser out of the station.
The series consisted of three seasons (1985–1988) with a total of 66 episodes, and was followed by four made-for-TV movies (1993–1995).
On June 28, 2005, Rykodisc released the four TV movies on DVD that were made following the cancellation of the weekly series.
In an April 23, 2009, blog entry Robert Parker stated that he was in talks with TNT to produce a remake of the series.
The Andamanese languages are a pair of language families spoken by the Andamanese Negritos on the Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese and Ongan.
Although the existence of the islands and their inhabitants was long known to maritime powers and traders of the South– and Southeast–Asia region, contact with these peoples was highly sporadic and very often hostile; as a result, almost nothing is recorded of them or their languages until the mid-18th century.
From the 1860s onwards, the setting up of a permanent British penal colony and the subsequent arrival of immigrant settlers and indentured labourers mainly from the Indian subcontinent brought the first sustained impacts upon these societies, particularly among the Great Andamanese groups.
One of the first accounts in English of the languages was by the early phonetician Alexander John Ellis, who presented to the Philological Society on the South Andamanese languages on his retirement.
By the beginning of the 20th century most of these populations were greatly reduced in numbers, and the various linguistic and tribal divisions among the Great Andamanese effectively ceased to exist, despite a census of the time still classifying the groups as separate.
Their linguistic diversity also suffered as the surviving populations intermingled with one another, and some also intermarried with Karen (Burmese) and Indian settlers.
At the start of the 21st century only about 50 or so individuals of Great Andamanese descent remained, resettled to a single small island (Strait I.
); about half of these speak what may be considered a modified version (or creole) of Great Andamanese, based mainly on Aka-Jeru.
This isolation has been reinforced by an outright hostility towards outsiders and extreme reluctance to engage in contact with them by South Andamanese tribes, particularly the Sentinelese and Jarawa.
They have a distinctive noun class system based largely on body parts, in which every noun and adjective may take a prefix according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association).
Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two cardinal numbers: one and two and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.
Abbi (2009) lists the following lexical items for Onge, Jarawa, and Great Andamanese, showing that Ongan and Great Andamanese are distinct language families sharing few lexical similarities.
However, the similarities between Great Andamanese and Ongan are so far mainly of a typological morphological nature, with little demonstrated common vocabulary.
As a result, even long-range researchers such as Joseph Greenberg have expressed doubts as to the validity of Andamanese as a family.
As alluded to in this quotation, Greenberg proposed that the Great Andamanese are related to western Papuan languages as members of a phylum he called Indo-Pacific, but this is not generally accepted by other linguists.
Blevins (2007) proposes that the Ongan languages are related to Austronesian in an Austronesian–Ongan family, for which she has attempted to establish regular sound correspondences.
The proposed connection between Austronesian and Ongan has not been supported by Austronesianists, and Robert Blust (2014) finds that Blevins' conclusions are not supported by her data: Of her first 25 reconstructions, none are reproducible using the comparative method, and Blust concludes that the grammatical comparison does not hold up.
Action-adventure is a hybrid genre, and thus the definition is very inclusive, leading it to be perhaps the broadest genre of video games, and can include many games which might better be categorized under narrow genres.
An action-adventure game can be defined as a game with a mix of elements from an action game and an adventure game, especially crucial elements like puzzles.
Action-adventures require many of the same physical skills as action games, but also offer a storyline, numerous characters, an inventory system, dialogue, and other features of adventure games.
The story is heavily reliant upon the player character's movement, which triggers story events and thus affects the flow of the game.
In some cases an action game with puzzles will be classified as an action-adventure game, but if these puzzles are quite simple they might be classified as an action game.
Action-adventure games are faster paced than pure adventure games, and include physical as well as conceptual challenges where the story is enacted rather than narrated.
While motion-based, often reflexive, actions are required, the gameplay still follows a number of adventure game genre tropes (gathering items, exploration of and interaction with one's environment, often including an overworld connecting areas of importance, and puzzle-solving).
They are distinct from graphic adventures, which sometimes have free-moving central characters, but also wider variety of commands and fewer or no action game elements and are distinct too from text adventures, characterized by many different commands introduced by the user via a complex text parser and no free-moving character.
While they share general gameplay dynamics, action-adventures vary widely in the design of their viewpoints, including bird's eye, side scrolling, first-person, third-person, over-the-shoulder, or even a 3/4 isometric view.
To compensate for this lack of the player's ability, companies have devised ways to give the player help, such as helpful clues, or allowing them to skip puzzles outright.
Action-adventure games have gone on to become more popular than the pure adventure games and pure platform action games that inspired them.
1-Wire is a device communications bus system designed by Dallas Semiconductor Corp. that provides low-speed (16.3 kbps) data, signaling, and power over a single conductor.
To accomplish this, 1-Wire devices include an 800 pF capacitor to store charge and power the device during periods when the data line is active.
Alternatively, the connection can be semi-permanent with a socket into which the iButton clips, but from which it is easily removed.
The Java Ring is a ring-mounted iButton with a Java virtual machine that is compatible with the Java Card 2.0 specification.
Apple MagSafe and MagSafe 2 connector-equipped power supplies, displays, and Mac laptops use the 1-Wire protocol to send and receive data to and from the connected Mac laptop, via the middle pin of the connector.
Data include power supply model, wattage, and serial number; and laptop commands to send full power, and illuminate the red or green light-emitting diodes in the connector.
Genuine Dell laptop power supplies use the 1-Wire protocol to send data via the third wire to the laptop computer about power, current and voltage ratings.
The master device and all the slaves each have a single open-drain connection to drive the wire, and a way to sense the state of the wire.
The basic sequence is a reset pulse followed by an 8-bit command, and then data are sent or received in groups of 8-bits.
The 1-Wire bus enumeration protocol, like other singulation protocols, is an algorithm the master uses to read the address of every device on the bus.
Since the address includes the device type and a CRC, recovering the roster of addresses also produces a reliable inventory of the devices on the bus.
The process is much faster than a brute force search of all possible 64-bit numbers, because as soon as an invalid bit is detected, all subsequent address bits are known to be invalid.
For these situations, a microcontroller can use several pins, or the manufacturer has a 1-Wire device that can switch the bus off or pass it on.
The following signals were generated by an FPGA, which was the master for the communication with a DS2432 (EEPROM) chip, and measured with a logic analyzer.
A logic high on the 1-Wire output, means the output of the FPGA is in tri-state mode and the 1-Wire device can pull the bus low.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in North East England between Gateshead's Quays arts quarter on the south bank, and the Quayside of Newcastle upon Tyne on the north bank.
The bridge is sometimes referred to as the 'Blinking Eye Bridge' or the 'Winking Eye Bridge' due to its shape and its tilting method.
In terms of height, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge is slightly shorter than the neighbouring Tyne Bridge, and stands as the sixteenth tallest structure in the city.
The bridge was lifted into place in one piece by the Asian Hercules II, one of the world's largest floating cranes, on 20 November 2000.
It was opened to the public on 17 September 2001, and was dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II on 7 May 2002.
Six diameter hydraulic rams (three on each side, each powered by a 55 kW electric motor) rotate the bridge back on large bearings to allow small ships and boats (up to tall) to pass underneath.
The bridge takes as little as minutes to rotate through the full 40° from closed to open, depending on wind speed.
It also opens periodically for sightseers and for major events such as the Northumbrian Water University Boat Race and the Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Race.
For the construction of the bridge, the architect WilkinsonEyre won the 2002 Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize and Gifford the 2003 IStructE Supreme Award.
As the bollards were unsightly, and as it became noted that they were not really needed, they were removed in March 2012.
George Lachmann Mosse (September 20, 1918 – January 22, 1999) was an emigre from Nazi Germany, first to Great Britain and then to the United States, who taught history as a professor at the University of Iowa, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and the Hebrew University.
Best known for his studies of Nazism, he authored more than 25 books on topics as diverse as constitutional history, Protestant theology, and the history of masculinity.
He was educated at the noted Mommsen-Gymnasium in Berlin and from 1928 onwards at Schule Schloss Salem, a famously spartan boarding school that exposed the scions of rich and powerful families to a life devoid of privilege.
The headmaster at Salem, Kurt Hahn, was an advocate of experiential education and required all pupils to engage in physically challenging outdoor activities.
His mother, Felicia (1888–1972), and his sister, Hilde (1912–1982), relocated to Switzerland, while his father moved to France, where in 1939 he got a divorce, married Karola Strauch (the mother of Harvard physicist Karl Strauch), and subsequently emigrated to California.
A struggling student, he failed several exams, but with the financial support of his parents he was admitted to study history at Downing College, Cambridge, in 1937.
While he was at Cambridge, his hostility to fascism was deepened by the Spanish Civil War (although he later averred that he had only a superficial understanding of the conflict).
In 1939, his family relocated to the United States, and he continued his undergraduate studies at the Quaker Haverford College, earning a B.A.
He went on to graduate studies at Harvard University, where he benefited from a scholarship reserved for students born in Berlin-Charlottenburg.
Mosse's first academic appointment as an historian was at the University of Iowa, where he focused on religion in early modern Europe and published a concise study of the Reformation that became a widely used textbook.
Mosse taught for more than thirty years at the University of Wisconsin, where he was named a John C. Bascom Professor of European History and a Weinstein-Bascom Professor of Jewish Studies, while concurrently holding the Koebner Professorship of History at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
He also held appointments as a visiting professor at the University of Tel Aviv and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
He claimed that this was the first time the landed gentry had tried to organize a mass movement in order to counter their opponents.
As a Jew, he regarded the rejection of the Age of Enlightenment in Europe as a personal threat, as it was the Enlightenment spirit which had liberated the Jews.
In developing this view Mosse was influenced by Peter Viereck, who argued that the turn towards aggressive nationalism first arose in the era of Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Ernst Moritz Arndt.
Mosse charmed his students by mingling critical skepticism with humor, irony, and empathy; but they also admired the way he applied his historical knowledge to contemporary issues, attempting to be fair to opposing views while remaining true to his own principles.
Mosse left a substantial bequest to the University of Wisconsin–Madison to establish the George L. Mosse Program in History, a collaborative program with the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
He also left modest endowments to support LGBT studies at both the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of Amsterdam, where he taught as a visiting professor.
These endowments were funded by the restitution of the Mosse family's properties expropriated by the Nazi regime that were not restored until 1989-90, following the collapse of East Germany.
The Hugo Award for Best Professional Artist is given each year for artists of works related to science fiction or fantasy released in the previous calendar year.
To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1951, and 1954, and in each case an award for professional artist was given.
Other artists with large numbers of wins or nominations include Bob Eggleton with 8 wins out of 23 nominations, Virgil Finlay with 5 out of 14, Ed Emshwiller with 4 out of 9, and Don Maitz with 2 out of 17.
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event.
The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie.
The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated.
The awards in 1955 and 1958 did not include any recognition of runner-up artists, but since 1959 all six candidates have been recorded.
Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.
Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.
Entries with a blue background and an asterisk (*) next to the artist's name have won the award; those with a white background are the nominees on the short-list.
The 1939, 1941, 1943, and 1944 awards were given 75 years later; the other three awards were given 50 years later.
In 2018, Trynin joined Band of Their Own, an all-female supergroup formed to perform at Hot Stove Cool Music, the annual benefit show supporting the Foundation to be Named Later, the charity established by former Boston Red Sox and current Chicago Cubs executive Theo Epstein and his twin brother Paul Epstein.
Band of Their Own also features among others Kay Hanley, Freda Love Smith, Tanya Donelly, Gail Greenwood, Magen Tracy, and Jennifer D'Angora.
They performed the same tribute with Band of Their Own at Hot Stove Cool Music in February 2019, also at the Paradise Rock Club and again with Grace on lead vocals.
Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (, , ; 17 August 1906 – 26 October 1980) was a Portuguese politician and scholar, who was the last prime minister of the Estado Novo regime, from 1968 until his overthrow in the Carnation Revolution of 1974.
Graduated as a Licentiate and later a Doctorate in Law, Caetano was a Cathedratic Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, where he graduated and of which he would also become the 9th Dean or Rector.
A conservative politician and a self-proclaimed reactionary in his youth, Caetano started his political career in the 1930s under the authoritarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.
While in jail due to political causes, Álvaro Cunhal, law student, the future leader and founder of the Portuguese Communist Party, submitted his final thesis on the topic of abortion before a faculty jury that included Marcello Caetano.
Between 1944 and 1947 Caetano was Minister of the Colonies and since 1947 President of the Executive Board of the National Union.
From 1955 to 1958 Caetano was the number two of the regime, as Minister Attached to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, second only to Salazar himself, who was approaching retirement age.
Caetano returned to his academic career while maintaining formally important political functions such as executive president of the National Union, Caetano was the 9th Rector of the University of Lisbon from 1959 on, but the Academic Crisis of 1962 led him to resign after protesting students clashed with riot police in the university's campus.
There were indeed three generations of militants of the radical right at the Portuguese universities and schools between 1945 and 1974, guided by a revolutionary nationalism partly influenced by the political sub-culture of European neofascism.
The core of these radical students' struggle lay in an uncompromising defence of the Portuguese Empire in the days of the authoritarian regime.
Many people hoped that the new 101st prime minister would soften the edges of Salazar's authoritarian regime and modernize the economy.
Caetano moved on to foster economic growth and some social improvements, such as the awarding of a monthly pension to rural workers who had never had the chance to pay social security.
The objectives of Caetano's pension reform were threefold: enhancing equity, reducing fiscal and actuarial imbalance, and achieving more efficiency for the economy as a whole, for example, by establishing contributions less distortive to labour markets or by allowing the savings generated by pension funds to increase the investments in the economy.
Some large scale investments were made at national level, such as the building of a major oil processing centre in Sines.
While Tomás, like his predecessors, had largely been a figurehead under Salazar, he was not willing to give as free a hand to Caetano.
The National Assembly was not conceived as a chamber for parties, but merely for popular representatives, chosen and elected on single lists.
Even with these reforms, the conduct of the 1969 and 1973 legislative elections was little different from past elections; People's National Action swept every seat.
However, even these meager reforms had to be extracted with some effort from the more hardline members of the government, Tomás above all.
He was very disappointed when he discovered that the opposition was not content with what reforms he was able to wring out of the hardliners.
Caetano had little choice but to accept this, having expended nearly all of his political capital to enact his reforms in the first place.
Since the beginning of the 1960s, the Portuguese overseas provinces in Africa had been struggling for independence, but the government in Lisbon was not willing to concede and Salazar sent troops to fight the guerrilla and terrorism of the independence movements.
By 1970, the war in Africa was consuming as much as 40% of the Portuguese budget and there was no solution in sight.
At a military level, despite the containment of the various independence movements with differentiating levels of success, their impending presence and the fact that they wouldn't go away dominated public anxiety.
In addition, throughout the war period, Portugal faced increasing dissent, arms embargoes and other punitive sanctions imposed by most of the international community.
His report was printed a week before Caetano was due to visit Britain to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese alliance.
By the early 1970s, while the counterinsurgency war was won in Angola, it was less than satisfactorily contained in Mozambique and dangerously stalemated in Portuguese Guinea from the Portuguese point of view, so the Portuguese Government decided to create sustainability policies in order to allow continuous sources of financing for the war effort in the long run.
The combined African independentist guerrilla forces of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), in Angola, PAIGC in Portuguese Guinea, and FRELIMO in Mozambique, succeeded in their nationalistic rebellion when their continued guerrilla warfare prompted elements of the Portuguese Armed Forces to stage a coup at Lisbon in 1974.
He was one of the world's top authorities in administrative law, some of his works being studied even in Soviet Universities.
Barbershop 2: Back in Business is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on February 6, 2004.
Since the events of the previous film, Calvin Palmer, Jr. (Ice Cube) has finally settled comfortably into his role as the owner of the inner city barbershop founded by his grandfather and father.
While Calvin attempts to figure out how to deal with the coming threat of direct competition from Quentin's flashy establishment, his barbers have issues of their own.
Isaac (Troy Garity), the lone white barber, is now the star of the shop, and begins to feel that he deserves star treatment, feeling neglected by Calvin and the other barbers.
Terri (Eve) is finding success in managing her anger, but has trouble dealing with the growing mutual attraction between Ricky (Michael Ealy) and her.
Dinka (Leonard Earl Howze) is still interested in Terri, but is distraught when he finds out that she loves Ricky, instead.
Jimmy (Sean Patrick Thomas) has quit the shop to work for the local alderman Lalowe Brown (Robert Wisdom); his replacement, Calvin's cousin Kenard (Kenan Thompson), is fresh out of barber school and horribly inept at cutting hair.
Meanwhile, the barbershop and other businesses like it are under threat from gentrification, and Calvin is offered a substantial bribe from Brown and Leroux in exchange for his support of the city council's gentrification legislation.
A subplot involves Eddie (Cedric the Entertainer) recalling his time as a young man in the late 1960s, when he first started working at the shop with Calvin's father, including the riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Also, Eddie remembers his long-lost love, Loretta (Garcelle Beauvais-Nilon).
The girls at the beauty shop have similar conversations and experiences as the barbers and Gina has a bitter rivalry with Eddie.
After attempting to change his own barbershop's style and decor to match those of his rival, Calvin decides to refuse the bribe money and speak out against the neighborhood's gentrification at the local city council meeting.
Though Calvin gives a passionate speech about the legislation helping the region to earn money at the cost of its soul and the community, the council still unanimously votes to approve the legislation and move forward with the project.
The $30 million production would go on to gross $65,111,277 in the domestic box office and $860,036 internationally for a worldwide total of $65,971,313.
On March 19, 2015, MGM announced that the studio has been setting up deals with Cedric the Entertainer, Queen Latifah, and Nicki Minaj to appear in the film.
From their own work and the work of others, they came up with a model for how the levels of some proteins in a cell are controlled.
Before his doctoral work, Monod spent a year in the laboratory of Thomas Hunt Morgan at the California Institute of Technology working on Drosophila genetics.
He coined the term diauxie to denote the frequent observations of two distinct growth phases of bacteria grown on two sugars.
He theorized on the growth of bacterial cultures and promoted the chemostat theory as a powerful continuous culture system to investigate bacterial physiology.
The type of regulation is called negative gene regulation, as the operon is inactivated by a protein complex that is removed in the presence of lactose (regulatory induction).
Monod also made important contributions to the field of enzymology with his proposed theory of allostery in 1965 with Jeffries Wyman (1901-1995) and Jean-Pierre Changeux.
He was a political activist and chief of staff of operations for the Forces Françaises de l'Interieur during World War II.
In summarizing recent progress in several areas of biology (including his own research), he highlights the ways in which information was found to take physical form and hence be capable of influencing events in the world.
For example, the information allowing a protein enzyme to 'select' only one of several similar compounds as the substrate of a chemical reaction is encoded in the precise 3-dimensional shape of the enzyme; that precise shape is itself encoded by the linear sequence of amino acids comprising the protein; that particular sequence of amino acids is encoded by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene for that enzyme.
While the enzyme itself cannot be said in any meaningful way to have a choice about its activity, the thrust of Jacob and Monod's Nobel prize-winning research was to show how a bacterial cell can choose whether or not to carry out the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.
As he explains, one way the cell can make such a choice is by either synthesizing the enzyme or not, in response to its chemical environment.
However, the synthesis/no synthesis choice is in turn governed by necessary biochemical interactions between a repressor protein, the gene for the enzyme, and the substrate of the enzyme, which interact such that the outcome (enzyme synthesis or not) differs according to the variable composition of the cell's chemical environment.
The hierarchical, modular organization of this system clearly implies that additional regulatory elements can exist that govern, are governed by, or otherwise interact with any given set of regulatory components.
Because in general, the bacterial activity that results from these regulatory circuits is in accord with what is beneficial for the bacterial cell's survival at that time, the bacterium as a whole can be described as making rational choices, even though the bacterial components involved in deciding whether to make an enzyme (repressor, gene, and substrate) have no more choice about their activities than does the enzyme itself.
Monod shows us a paradigm of how choice at one level of biological organization (metabolic activity) is generated by necessary (choiceless) interactions at another level (gene regulation); the ability to choose arises from a complex system of feedback loops that connect these interactions.
He goes on to explain how the capacity of biological systems to retain information, combined with chance variations during the replication of information (i.e.
genetic mutations) that are individually rare but commonplace in aggregate, leads to the differential preservation of that information which is most successful at maintaining and replicating itself.
Monod writes that this process, acting over long periods of time, is a sufficient explanation (indeed the only plausible explanation) for the complexity and teleonomic activity of the biosphere.
Hence, the combined effects of chance and necessity, which are amenable to scientific investigation, account for our existence and the universe we inhabit, without the need to invoke mystical, supernatural, or religious explanations.
He describes this as an 'ethics of knowledge', which disrupts the older philosophical, mythological and religious ontologies that claimed to provide both ethical values and a standard for judging truth.
While apparently bleak, in comparison to the concepts that humanity belongs to some inevitable, universal process, or that a benevolent God created and protects us, an acceptance of the scientific assessment described in the first part of the quote is, for Monod, the only possible basis of an authentic, ethical human life.
His views were in direct opposition to the religious certainties of his ancestor Henri's brothers, Frédéric Monod and Adolphe Monod, who were prominent evangelical preachers in the 19th century.
It may be more accurate to suggest that Monod sought to include mind and purpose within the purview of scientific investigation, rather than attributing them to supernatural or divine causes.
While not explicitly addressing mind or consciousness, his scientific research demonstrated that biology includes feedback loops that govern interacting systems of biochemical reactions, such that the system as a whole can be described as having a purpose and making choices.
Monod's philosophical writing indicates that he recognized the implication that such systems could arise and be elaborated upon by evolution through natural selection.
The importance of Monod's work as a bridge between the chance and necessity of evolution and biochemistry on the one hand, and the human realm of choice and ethics on the other, can be judged by his influence on philosophers, biologists and computer scientists such as Daniel Dennett, Douglas Hofstadter, Marvin Minsky and Richard Dawkins.
Monod was born in Paris to an American mother from Milwaukee, Charlotte (Sharlie) MacGregor Todd, and a French Huguenot father, Lucien Monod who was a painter and inspired him artistically and intellectually.
During World War II, Monod was active in the French Resistance, eventually becoming the chief of staff of the French Forces of the Interior.
He was a Chevalier in the Légion d'Honneur (1945), and was awarded the Croix de Guerre (1945) and the American Bronze Star Medal.
Jacques Monod died of leukemia in 1976 and was buried in the Cimetière du Grand Jas in Cannes on the French Riviera.
The Samoan Islands are an archipelago covering in the central South Pacific, forming part of Polynesia and the wider region of Oceania.
Administratively, the archipelago comprises all of the Independent State of Samoa and most of American Samoa (apart from Swains Island, which is geographically part of the Tokelau Islands).
In the late 1800s, rivalry between the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom resulted in the Tripartite Convention (1899) that formally partitioned the Samoan archipelago into a German colony (German Samoa) and a United States territory (American Samoa).
Forerunners to that convention were the Washington Conference of 1887, the Treaty of Berlin of 1889, and the Anglo-German Agreement on Samoa of 1899.
New Zealand occupied the German colony through 1920, then governed the western islands until independence in 1962, first as League of Nations Class C Mandate and after 1946 as a United Nations Trust Territory.
The pro-independence Mau movement across the islands eventually led to the political independence of the western islands from New Zealand in 1962 while the eastern islands remain a political territory of the United States.
The four small uninhabited islands Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Namua and Fanuatapu are situated off the east coast of Upolu and comprise the Aleipata Islands.
The two large islands of Upolu and Savai'i in Samoa, are among the largest of Polynesian islands, at and , respectively, exceeded in size only by the two main islands of Fiji and the Hawaiian islands of Hawaiʻi and Maui.
Smaller islands in the archipelago include the three islets (Manono Island, Apolima and Nu'ulopa) in the Apolima Strait between Savai'i and Upolu; the four Aleipata Islands off the eastern end of Upolu (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Namua, and Fanuatapu); and Nu‘usafe‘e.
A possible model for the formation of the volcanic Samoa island chain is explained by the Samoa hotspot situated at the east end of the Samoa Islands.
In theory, the Samoa hotspot is a result of the Pacific Tectonic Plate moving over a 'fixed' deep and narrow mantle plume spewing up through the Earth's crust.
In the classic hotspot model, primarily based on studies of the Hawaii hotspot, the volcanic islands and seamounts further away from the Samoa hotspot should be progressively older.
However, Savai'i, the most western of the Samoa island chain, and Ta'u Island, the most eastern of the Samoa islands, both erupted in the last century, data which is an enigma for scientists.
Another discrepancy in the data from the Samoa islands is that subaerial rock samples from Savai'i, the most western of the islands, were too young by several million years to fit the classic hotspot model of age progression in an island chain, raising arguments among scientists that the Samoa islands does not have a plume origin.
The nearness of the island chain to the Tonga Trench at the south became a possible explanation for these discrepancies as well as the possibility that the islands were formed by magma seeping through cracks in stressed fracture zones.
The M8.1 submarine earthquake took place in the region at 06:48:11 local time on September 29, 2009 (17:48:11 UTC, September 29), followed by smaller aftershocks.
This is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, where tectonic plates in the Earth's lithosphere meet and earthquakes and volcanic activity are common.
It was discovered in 1975 and has since been studied by an international team of scientists, contributing towards understanding of the Earth's fundamental processes.
The island group is frequently hit by tropical cyclones between December and March, due to its positioning in the South Pacific Ocean.
Alfie is usually shown as a normal boy but occasionally he is shown to be just as fast as his brother.
In strips up until the 1980s, Billy lives in Whizztown rather than Beanotown like most of the other regular characters, however, this later changed and more recent strips place him in Beanotown.
Judge's style tended to be typified by a wide variety of styles in which Billy's speed was depicted, including trails of dust, motion blur, multiple copies of Billy in a panel, and more besides.
Judge drew every single Billy Whizz strip until the mid-1980s, when other artists, including Barrie Appleby and Graeme Hill, began providing occasional fill-in strips, though Judge still drew the vast majority of the strips from the conception to 1989.
Upon Judge's death in 1989, Appleby acted as artist for a few weeks before Steve Horrocks took over as regular artist.
Horrocks continued as artist until late 1990, when he was succeeded by Beano newcomer David Parkins, who began a major overhaul of the strip, making the effects of Billy's speed more destructive to his surroundings, giving him a more laid-back attitude, and later introducing a rather alien-looking tracksuit.
Parkins acted as the main artist in this time, but Trevor Metcalfe and Vic Neill also drew occasional strips for the next few years; all three artists used a broadly similar design for Billy, but Metcalfe and Neill's strips featured a much more happy-go-lucky version of Billy.
A reshuffle of the Beano's artists (coinciding with the comic's move to all-colour printing) saw Parkins leave the strip in 1993, and Neill became the main artist, upon which he began further tweaking Billy's appearance, the most notable change being that the two long hairs he had always been drawn with were turned into a thunderbolt.
Thompson did another revamp of the strip, creating a version of Billy that was based on Malcolm Judge's work (and to a lesser extent, David Parkins' design of Billy), and gave a new life to the character and feel of the strip.
However, due to his commitments with Jak for the Dandy, the strip was understudied again by Trevor Metcalfe, who, aided with a Wacom tablet, drew the strip in a mixture of his own and Thompson's style.
Metcalfe later drew the strip full-time, gradually bringing the strip's artwork more in line with his early 1990s work, until his sudden departure from the comic in 2007, after which the Beano started running re-prints of the strips drawn by David Parkins.
This run of reprints continued for the next year (including a few early Trevor Metcalfe and Vic Neill strips along the way) until the comic's 70th anniversary issue, when Barrie Appleby returned to provide a new strip (this time drawn in his own style, as opposed to his 1980s work which followed Malcolm Judge's style).
The strip then reverted to being reprints for the following year, mostly of Vic Neill's, with one Graeme Hall reprint in October 2009.
At the end of that month a new permanent artist was appointed, namely Nick Brennan who had previously drawn Crazy for Daisy in The Beano, and Blinky in The Dandy.
In the Beano Annual 2008, Billy's story was drawn by Tom Paterson, and in the 2009 annual Wayne Thompson drew it.
Tom Paterson again drew Billy in the 2010 annual, while Nigel Parkinson drew his strip in the 2011 annual, in the style of Vic Neill.
In some issues of the comic in the autumn of 2011, Billy appeared as the first strip in the comic – this slot is usually reserved for Dennis the Menace and Gnasher.
In November 2012, Wilbur Dawbarn took over as artist, returning the strip to its original style and removing Billy's tracksuit and bringing back the shorts and red T-shirt.
In a late 1970s strip, Billy's dad sends him out to buy a new pair of trousers, supposedly to slow Billy down, but as he buys a pair of tracksuit bottoms this doesn't happen, though from that point Billy wore those trousers.
A more dynamic change came in the early 1990s when he began to wear a black tracksuit marked with a lightning bolt.
When depicted in colour, originally all the non-black areas of the tracksuit were in yellow, though soon all but the lightning flash was in red, and later the lightning flash turned red itself.
In the 1970 Beano Annual, it is revealed that the reason why Billy, plus Dad and Alfie, always have this style is because they always get thrown out of the barber's before the last two hairs can be shaved off.
After Vic Neill became artist, the two hairs morphed into a lightning flash, with no explanation given for this in the comic.
This hairstyle was retained by Graeme Hall, but was later reverted to the original two hairs once Wayne Thompson took over.
Billy is known not to be quite as mischievous as the other Beano characters and often does not go out of his way to harm or annoy others.
However, he does seem to have a fairly short temper, as in the 1999 Beano Book he exploded into a rage after he found out Alfie had a glass of ice during a race.
Much like other Beano characters save for Dennis and The Bash Street Kids he does not appear to have a set group of friends.
His kind nature and good heart is occasionally taken advantage of by other Beano characters, especially that of Roger the Dodger and Dennis the Menace, as for example in one strip he agreed to carry Roger's dodge books so he could slow down.
1993 Trevor Metcalfe provides the Billy Whizz strip for the Beano Annual 1995, which proves to be the last time he draws Billy for over a decade.
2 August 2008 Barrie Appleby draws a new Billy Whizz strip in the 70th birthday edition of the Beano, the first new strip in the comic for over a year.
A great seal is a seal used by a head of state, or someone authorised to do so on their behalf, to confirm formal documents, such as laws, treaties, appointments and letters of dispatch.
In the Middle Ages, the great seal played a far greater political role and there was much real power associated with having control over the seal.
In addition to the great seal, a prince usually also had a privy seal, used for correspondence of a more private nature.
In monarchies, by contrast, the great seal is often changed some time after the accession of a new monarch as the seal often depicts the reigning monarch in full form.
Crossover is a term applied to musical works or performers who appeal to different types of audience, for example (especially in the United States) by appearing on two or more of the record charts which track differing musical styles or genres.
For example, in the early years of rock and roll, many songs originally recorded by African-American musicians were re-recorded by white artists such as Pat Boone in a more toned-down style, often with changed lyrics, that lacked the hard edge of the original versions.
Classical crossover broadly encompasses both classical music that has become popularized and a wide variety of popular music forms performed in a classical manner or by classical artists.
It can also refer to collaborations between classical and popular performers, as well as music that blends elements of classical music (including operatic and symphonic) with popular music (including pop, rock, middle of the road, and Latin, among other types).
Particular works of classical music have become popular among individuals who mostly listen to popular music, sometimes appearing on non-classical charts.
Signed to RCA Victor as an artist on its premium Red Seal label, Lanza's albums appealed to more than just classical music audiences.
A writer of avant garde serious music, his collaborations with playwright Bertolt Brecht on projects such as The Threepenny Opera nevertheless gave an early indication of his interest in writing in an easily accessible, popular musical style.
This trend in his work came to full fruition in later life in the United States, where he switched primarily to writing the scores for Broadway musicals such as Knickerbocker Holiday and One Touch of Venus.
Some of the hits from those shows, such as September Song and Speak Low, are better remembered than the musicals from which they came.
The first Three Tenors concert in 1990 was a landmark in which Luciano Pavarotti, José Carreras and Plácido Domingo brought a combination of opera, Neapolitan folksong, musical theatre and pop to a vast television audience.
This also applies to classically trained instrumentalists, such as Vanessa Mae, Bond, Escala, David Garrett, Taylor Davis, Stjepan Hauser, Luka Šulić, 2CELLOS, Eric Stanley and Catya Maré.
R&B singer Mariah Carey performed a live duet with her mother Patricia, who is an opera singer, of the Christmas song - O Come, All Ye Faithful.
Singers and instrumentalists from the classical tradition, Andreas Dorschel has argued, run the risk of losing the sophistication of the genre(s) they were trained in, when they try to perform rock music, without coming up to the often rough and wild qualities of the latter.
Italian pop tenor Andrea Bocelli, who is the biggest-selling singer in the history of classical music, has been described as the king of classical crossover.
British soprano Sarah Brightman, called the best-selling soprano of all time, is also considered a crossover classical artist, having released albums of classical, folk, pop and musical-theatre music.
Country-western music, up through the early 1950s, had a distinct, Appalachian sound that was generally popular only in rural areas in the south and west; for others, it was an acquired taste.
Rockabilly artists such as Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley and the early works of Johnny Cash managed crossover hits in country and rock music during a brief period in the mid-1950s.
The first sustained and deliberate attempt to aim country music at a mainstream pop audience was the Nashville sound; Patsy Cline was a particularly successful example of this style, charting several pop and country hits from the late 1950s until her death in 1963.
Others, like John Denver, Olivia Newton-John, The Eagles, Faron Young, Willie Nelson, Dottie West, Alabama, Eddie Rabbitt, Ronnie Milsap, Anne Murray, and Crystal Gayle began successful in country but made the crossover to pop music.
Conversely, Conway Twitty, England Dan Seals, former Righteous Brother Bill Medley, Exile, and Merrill Osmond and the Osmond Brothers crossed over from pop to country.
These artists include Garth Brooks, Shania Twain, Billy Ray Cyrus, Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Dixie Chicks, Jo Dee Messina, Martina McBride, Reba McEntire, Lonestar, Sara Evans and LeAnn Rimes.
Underwood would become the first of several country musicians, including another American Idol winner Scotty McCreery, who would find success on the pop charts beginning in the late 2000s.
Other artists who have found success on both pop and country in the early 2010s, in addition to the continued success of Swift and Underwood, have been Lady Antebellum and The Band Perry.
The popularity of bro-country by artists such as Luke Bryan has increased the crossover success of country artists, a tradition which has further continued through the infusion of R&B music by artists including Brett Eldredge, Thomas Rhett and Sam Hunt.
1 on the US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, establishing that the group could perform pop ballads as successfully as dance tunes.
Since then Estefan has bridged between both the English and Latin world for the mid to late 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.
Unfortunately, months before the release of her English album, Selena was murdered by her fan club president, on 31 March 1995, in Corpus Christi, Texas.
At that time, a handful of rising stars who shared a Latin heritage were touted as proof that sounds from Latin countries were infiltrating the pop mainstream.
These included Ricky Martin, Thalía, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias and Jennifer Lopez, who rendered a Golden Globe performance as Selena on film.
Like Estefan and Selena, many of these artists, including some who recorded in English after gaining fame singing in Spanish, had been influenced at least as much by American music and culture.
The song went Platinum in France, Sweden and in Australia, where it ultimately became the number one single of the year.
This album became one of the top-selling albums of 1999, and was certified seven times platinum, selling over 22 million copies worldwide to date.
The only ones who proved successful were Shakira, Thalía, Paulina Rubio, Jennifer Lopez and Christina Aguilera, although the latter started at first in English and then turned to Spanish.
The album peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200, number one on the U.S. Top Latin Albums for four straight weeks, and on the U.S. Latin Pop Albums for seven straight weeks.
The album did well in Europe, peaking at number three on the albums chart, mainly due to the big success in countries such as Switzerland, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, Greece, Germany, Austria, and Portugal.
The tour launched 28 September 2007 at the Mark G. Etess Arena and ended on 7 November 2007 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida.
The video for the song was the first Spanish-language video to peak at number one on MTV's Total Request Live daily countdown.
The song, while boasting a majority of Jay-Z's lyrics and hip-hop style, the genre of the song would be considered rock because of the tropes of rock music included in the piece.
American opera and classical crossover singer Fernando Varela has performed in fully staged operas, as a member of the classical crossover trio Forte Tenors, and has toured both with David Foster, and independently as a crossover artist.
The song would tie a record for the most weeks spent at the number-one spot in the Hot 100's history, and reached the top of singles charts in 47 countries.
Other times, crossover artists may start out in the mainstream market but have Christian undertones or themes if not overtly Christian.
Some people may feel that the artist is betraying the church for fame or glory, while others may see this as a great opportunity for the artist spread the message of their Christian beliefs.
The albums and single were distributed by a Christian label but received heavy play on pop radio stations and were chart-toppers on the Billboard charts.
The most notable recent Christian crossover artists are Lauren Daigle, Kirk Franklin, Switchfoot, The Afters, Relient K, and many of the artists on Tooth & Nail Records such as MxPx, Underoath, Emery, Lifehouse, Zao, and Dead Poetic.
For a time in the late 2000s, the God's Country Radio Network specialized in Christian-country crossovers, such was the extent of the body of music that fit into both genera.
Other examples of crossover in music are bands that play a mix of genres such as funk, rap, rock, metal and punk, for instance bands such as Urban Dance Squad, Faith No More, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Suicidal Tendencies, D.R.I., Primus, Linkin Park, Rage Against the Machine, System of a Down and 311.
Rifts is a multi-genre role-playing game created by Kevin Siembieda in August 1990 and published continuously by Palladium Books since then.
The web site is quick to point out that this is not a second edition but an improvement and expansion of the original role playing game.
Points where Ley Lines intersect, called a nexus, are places of powerful magic, such as the Pyramids of Giza and Stonehenge.
If a Ley Line nexus energy surges or is purposely activated,the very fabric of space and time can be torn, creating a rift, or a hole in space-time leading to another place, time, or a new/parallel dimension.
Otherwise at night or from space the massive bands of blue-white energy can be as large as half a mile wide in some places, and stretching for many miles.
Found in various places, objects, and animals, one of the greatest sources of PPE is in young and prepubescent children, an adults level of PPE can very based on other factors as human beings.
To do so is be nearby at the moment of a being's death, the energy is doubled and released into the surrounding environment or intercepted by a psi-stalker who may have killed the being.
Humanity as a whole is at peace as a majority of Earth's nations decide to cease world war and begin to share ideas and technology freely.
Second, that this golden age is followed by an unknown cause near the winter solstice and a rare planetary alignment, causing a disaster that cascades into tremendous destruction via a domino effect.
The cataclysm begins with unpresidented storms of all kinds, earth quakes and tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions including the Yellow Stone National caldera.
What is already a huge release of mystical energy is multiplied as a result of several special conditions: a rare multi-planetary alignment, occurrence during the Winter Solstice, and all at midnight.
The deaths of millions at this time amplifies these already high psychic energies, triggering many powerful natural disasters across the world, including the return of Atlantis.
The energy release from the deaths of millions more in turn releases even more mystic energy, causing more disasters in a vicious cycle.
Ley Line networks that crisscross the globe are energized as never before, causing rifts to open both on Earth and throughout the Megaverse.
Untold numbers of alien beings are pulled from their own home worlds, while Great Powers of the Megaverse are alerted of a new and valuable planet to conquer.
For hundreds of years after the holocaust, many creatures, both mythical beasts and alien beings, come through the Rifts – some of them now permanently opened  – to wreak additional havoc.
The old world gone, a new dark age dawns and humanity's shrinking population is reduced, due to catastrophe and domestic failure, immeasurably.
The planet's mystical energy has added untold numbers of alien beings from other dimensions, who continue to arrive through the Rifts both accidentally and deliberately.
Some are familiar fantasy races, such as elves and dwarfs, while others have never been seen before (created specifically for the game setting).
The most powerful (and a common theme in the Palladium Megaverse) are the Lovecraftian Alien Intelligences, living mountains of flesh with lidless eyes, wriggling tentacles, and great supernatural powers.
To cope with these natural, supernatural, and alien menaces, the human race has adapted in a variety of ways, many of them borrowed from the technological developments of the lost Golden Age.
Mechanical Borg augmentation causes a loss of humanity when those with multiple limb and organ replacements become more machine than human.
Dangerous augmentations are often necessary dangers for humans in order to keep pace with the world around them, and those that choose augmentation accept these risks for the power they bring.
Still others are required to receive augmentations either for self-defense, work, or even against their will as the minimalistic, needy, and weak are forced or coerced to serve.
Others form pacts with alien intelligences or deities in exchange for great magical knowledge, risking becoming a pawn of the beings they dared turn to for power.
Still others discover that they have great natural psionic potential, and dedicate their lives to discovering the abilities of their own minds.
The Ley Lines, formerly invisible, now dominate the landscape, appearing as massive lines of bluish energy half a mile wide, some twice that tall, stretching thousands of miles, crisscrossing the globe.
The Coalition States are most often described as technologically advanced fascist human supremacists with a totalitarian government, restrictive internal media, restrictive education (such as enforced illiteracy), and a massive military.
His ultimate goal is to control the Earth by humans and for humans, and do so by attacking anything and everyone that is foreign to Earth as it was before the cataclysm.
Most of these poor souls think that they may eventually gain citizenship so they can live within the protective walls of the arcology.
At one time it was a Coalition State, but constant disagreement with Chi-Town over issues like Glitter Boy production, education level of the populace, and use of mutant animals, led to secession and eventually a short civil war.
The Traditionalists, who were also taken by the spirit people and returned to Earth along with the Bison, refuse to use most items of technology, preferring the old ways.
The Manistique Imperium and Northern Gun in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, both Coalition allies, are among the biggest weapons manufacturing areas on the continent.
This major center of civilization is well known as a melting pot of humans, D-Bees and other, stranger beings, and is the home of Techno-Wizardry.
Much of the rest of the continent is a wide collection of states ranging from democracies, corrupt oligarchies, and communist guerrillas known as Shining Path, to Mutants, Amazons, Aliens, Transdimensional Mercenaries, pre-historic creatures and dozens of others.
Their Inertia Beam weapons are truly one of a kind, allowing them to keep the edge over all opponents they face.
The remnants of the People's Republic of China live in the pre-Rifts subterranean city Geofront, possessing pre-rifts technology equal or exceeding any other human nation on Rifts Earth, fighting to free their nation from the grip of the Yama Kings.
Despite their ardent anti-technology sentiments, one of the New Empire's closest allies is the Republic of Japan, an alliance centered on three pre-Rifts cities (Hiroshima, Iwakuni, and Kure) accidentally rifted off the planet at the exact moment of the Great Cataclysm, and sent hundreds of years into their future.
Much of Africa has gone back to nature, making the land a wild, mysterious Dark Continent again, where only those foolhardy enough to ignore the cautionary tales would willingly go.
In Egypt, the ley lines coursing through the pyramids have brought Rama-Set, an evil oriental-type Dragon who has conquered the locals and established the Phoenix Empire (with Rama-Set, in human form, leading it as Pharaoh).
According to some it rose from the sea, but more accurately it returned from an alternate dimension to which it had shifted to ages ago.
An inter-dimensional marketplace where any number of creatures, including humans, are bought and sold as slaves, and often serve as fodder in gladiatorial arenas.
The Splugorth rule through the use of subject races enslaved by Bio-Wizardry, a form of mysticism that involves the use of parasites and symbiotes to enhance one's abilities.
They are an evil power that spans many dimensions and are the sworn enemies of the True Atlanteans who have been banished from Atlantis.
The Splugorth minions are a particular threat on the coast lines of adjacent North and South America, conducting slave raids against human and D-Bee settlements to feed the insatiable hunger of the Atlantean slave markets, and in some cases, the hunger (often literal) of Atlantis' extradimensional visitors.
Deep within the Mariana Trench, a massive, evil Alien Intelligence known as the Lord of the Deep (sometimes mistakenly believed by survivors of its rampages on Rifts Earth to be the Kraken or Leviathan) slowly grows ever larger in size and may someday try to devour every living thing on the planet.
In the case of the Coalition States it is suggested that their benefactor is a rogue artificial intelligent computer named ARCHIE 3.
The technology, regardless of the unlikelihood of the varied factions obtaining it, is in fact instrumental to the continued survival of mankind in a world where many creatures now can survive being struck by the main gun of a battle tank.
Due to the proliferation of supernatural monsters such as vampires, silver-plated melee weapons and silver-plated bullets have also risen in popularity.
For more conventional opponents, vibro-blades (knives, swords, and other edged weapons whose edges vibrate very rapidly to increase cutting power) are the weapon of choice for hand-to-hand combat.
However, the weapon, ammunition belts/drums/clips, and energy packs to power the weapon make most rail guns very heavy, and are usually restricted to Powered Armor, 'Borgs, and vehicles.
It is a weapon so powerful that it creates an immensely deafening sonic boom whenever it is fired that shatters glass for hundreds of yards around.
In addition to their role as war machines, Giant Robots are also intimidating, and turned out to be good in combating very large supernatural creatures (such as dragons, demons, and giants).
The aims of Techno-Wizardry are to use magic not only to power technology, but to make it more effective than it was prior to magic infusion.
Techno-Wizardry also encompasses the creation of more traditional magic weapons, so a Techno-Wizard can make both a flaming sword or a plasma cannon, often with many of the same components and spells.
While the game books rapidly expanded the number of character classes to a large number, the original game book contained four overall character groups with approximately 4 to 5 character classes per group.
This means someone shot by such a laser pistol would be literally cut in half without protective armor and trees, bystanders, or anything else in the line of fire would meet a similar fate.
Exceedingly powerful beings such as Dragons, gods and alien intelligences have mega-damage bodies caused by the high levels of magic energy present in this game setting, and their MDC can soar into the thousands, if not tens of thousands.
If a number equal to or below a player's percentage is rolled on percentile dice, then the use of the skill is considered to be a success.
While modifiers are suggested in cases of unusual difficulty or proficiency, these are rare in the system, usually reserved for special skills.
Some criticize this as being more cumbersome than the D&D D20 System while Palladium defends their method as allowing for a wider variety of skills.
In its most basic form the combat system is an opposed roll of two dice, with additions and subtractions for character skills and environmental factors.
One character will generally be offensive, the other defensive, and the highest dice roll will determine if the defender is struck by the offensive character's attack.
However, he has stated that the niche nature of the role-playing game industry means it is hard to attract prospective developers to the property.
RIFTS Collectible Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game released in September of 2001 and was also one of the last games made by Precedence.
The core set had 286 cards with an additional 38 fixed cards released in a starter box format designed to sit on a bookshelf next to the RPG.
The game included artwork by Mark Evans, among others, that creator Kevin Siembieda's had a desire to reprint in an art book.
The Breaking Dads podcast reviewed the game and noted the company was hosting organized play events and gave retail support, when publisher support for the game immediately ceased as the company went out of business.
It uses a class-and-level system, and its supplements are full of new character classes, as well as weapons, robots and power armour.
Fantasy-style creatures are a bit less common, and tend to be rather conventional elves and orcs - although it's perfectly possible to play a baby dragon.
More than a dozen countries have their own unique dollar currency, and out of these not all use the 50 cent piece or half dollar.
Sumner wrote widely within the social sciences, with numerous books and essays on American history, economic history, political theory, sociology, and anthropology.
In 1841, Sumner's father went prospecting as far west as Ohio, but came back east to New England and settled in Hartford, Connecticut, in about 1845.
After graduation, he worked for two years as a clerk in a store before going to Yale College from which he graduated in 1863.
He was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in his junior year and in his senior year to the secretive Skull and Bones society.
He spent his first year in the University of Geneva studying Latin and Hebrew and the following two years in the University of Göttingen studying ancient languages, history and Biblical science.
From September 1870 to September 1872, Sumner was Rector of the Church of the Redeemer in Morristown, N.J. On April 17, 1871, Sumner married Jeannie Whittemore Elliott, daughter of Henry H. Elliott of New York City.
They had three boys: one died in infancy, Eliot (Yale 1896) became an officer of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Graham (Yale 1897) became a lawyer in New York City.
However, he and historians suggest that it might have been a loss of belief and/or a dim view of the church and its clergy.
At the same time, Starr found that during Sumner's time as a professor he stopped attending Trinity Church, New Haven, where he had been ordained Deacon.
However, in the closing years of his life, he baptized a little grandson, and not long before his death he attended New Haven's St. John's Church to receive Holy Communion.
Although Sumner was a professor of political science, his actual involvement in politics was limited to two things he reported in his autobiographical sketch.
In December 1909, while in New York to deliver his presidential address to the American Sociological Society, Sumner suffered his third and fatal paralytic stroke.
Sumner spent much of his career as a muckraker, exposing what he saw as faults in society, and as a polemicist, writing, teaching, and speaking against these faults.
Like many classical liberals at the time, including Edward Atkinson, Moorfield Storey, and Grover Cleveland, Sumner opposed the Spanish–American War and the subsequent U.S. effort to quell the insurgency in the Philippines.
He was a vice president of the Anti-Imperialist League which had been formed after the war to oppose the annexation of territories.
He was the second president of American Sociological Association serving from 1908 to 1909, and succeeding his longtime ideological opponent Lester F. Ward.
On the other hand, even if Spencer's ideas were not generally accepted, it is clear that his social ideas influenced Sumner in his written works.
William Graham Sumner was influenced by many people and ideas such as Herbert Spencer and this has led many to associate Sumner with social Darwinism.
Man would struggle against nature to obtain essential needs such as food or water and in turn this would create the conflict between man and man in order to obtain needs from a limited supply.
Another example of social Darwinist influence in Sumner's work was his analysis of warfare in one of his essays in the 1880s.
Although war was sometimes man against nature, fighting another tribe for their resources, it was more often a conflict between man and man, for example, one man fighting against another man because of their different ideologies.
Sumner explained that the competition for life was the reason for war and that is why war has always existed and always will.
Among Sumner's students were the anthropologist Albert Galloway Keller, the economist Irving Fisher, and the champion of an anthropological approach to economics, Thorstein Bunde Veblen.
In his photo Major Elrod is wearing the Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal that he earned (according to his records from the national archives) during his years of enlisted service.
Following over a year at the Marine Corps Basic School in Philadelphia as a student aviator, Lieutenant Elrod was ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.
In February 1935, he earned his wings and was transferred to Marine Corps Base Quantico, where he served as a Marine Aviator until January 1938.
In July 1938, Elrod was ordered to a squadron in San Diego and served as their material, parachute, and personnel officer until January 1941, when he was detached to the Hawaiian area.
On December 4, 1941, Captain Elrod flew to Wake Island with twelve aircraft, twelve pilots, and the ground crew of Major Paul A. Putnam's fighter squadron, VMF-211.
He executed several low-altitude bombing and strafing runs on enemy ships; during one of these attacks, he became the first man to sink a warship, the Japanese destroyer , with small-caliber bombs delivered from a fighter aircraft, dropping the bombs onto the destroyer's stern, causing the depth charges to explode.
When all the U.S. aircraft had been destroyed by Japanese fire, he organized remaining troops into a beach defense unit which repulsed repeated Japanese attacks.
On December 23, 1941, Captain Elrod was mortally wounded while protecting his men who were carrying ammunition to a gun emplacement.
He was posthumously promoted to major on November 8, 1946, and his widow was presented with the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions during the defense of Wake Island.
His widow, the former Elizabeth Hogun Jackson, was the niece of Admiral Richard H. Jackson and served as a commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps.
4019), including the aircraft's cowling nose ring, tail-hook, and propeller, were believed to have been used in a memorial constructed on Wake Island.
When the National Air and Space Museum restored its FM-1 Wildcat the only cowling nose ring that could be located was the one taken from the Wake Island memorial.
Other streets at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California, and Camp H. M. Smith in Aiea, Hawaii are also named after Elrod.
Note – all the awards above, except for the American Defense Service Medal and a previous award of the Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal, were awarded posthumously.
Engaging vastly superior forces of enemy bombers and warships on 9 and 12 December, Captain Elrod shot down two of a flight of twenty-two hostile planes and, executing repeated bombing and strafing runs at extremely low altitude and close range, succeeded in inflicting deadly damage upon a large Japanese vessel, thereby sinking the first major warship to be destroyed by small caliber bombs delivered from a fighter-type aircraft.
When his plane was disabled by hostile fire and no other ships were operative, Captain Elrod assumed command of one flank of the line set up in defiance of the enemy landing and conducting a brilliant defense, enabled his men to hold their positions and repulse determined Japanese attacks, repeatedly proceeding through intense hostile fusillades to provide covering fire for unarmed ammunition carriers.
Capturing an automatic weapon during one enemy rush in force, he gave his own firearm to one of his men and fought on vigorously against the Japanese.
Responsible in a large measure of the strength of his sector's gallant resistance, on 23 December, Captain Elrod led his men with bold aggressiveness until he fell, mortally wounded.
His superb skill as a pilot, daring leadership and unswerving devotion to duty distinguished him among the defenders of Wake Island, and his valiant conduct reflects the highest credit upon himself and the United States Naval Service.
One of them is killed and his memories are implanted in his clone, a thirty-year-old man in a five-year-old superpowered construction tool body.
Its more specific use as a mountain lake emerges as it is the commonly used term for all ponds in the upland areas of Northern England.
However, his second period saw a continuation of the economic crisis of the 1980s, and saw a series of social crises, a popular revolt (denominated Caracazo) and two coup attempts in 1992.
In he became the first Venezuelan president to be forced out of the office by the Supreme Court, for the embezzlement of bolívars (roughly 2.7 million US dollars) belonging to a presidential discretionary fund.
His father, Antonio Pérez Lemus, was a Colombian-born coffee planter and pharmacist of Spanish Peninsular and Canary Islander ancestry who emigrated to Venezuela during the last years of the 19th century.
His mother, Julia Rodríguez, was the daughter of a prominent landowner in the town of Rubio and the granddaughter of Venezuelan refugees who had fled to the Andes and Colombia in the wake of the civil war that ravaged Venezuela in the 1860s.
His childhood was spent between the family home in town, a rambling Spanish colonial-style house, and the coffee haciendas owned by his father and maternal grandfather.
Influenced by his grandfather, an avid book collector, Pérez read voraciously from an early age, including French and Spanish classics by Jules Verne and Alexandre Dumas.
As he grew older, Pérez also became politically aware and managed to read Voltaire, Rousseau, and Marx without the knowledge of his deeply conservative parents.
The combination of falling coffee prices, business disputes, and harassment orchestrated by henchmen allied to dictator Juan Vicente Gómez, led to the financial ruin and physical deterioration of Antonio Pérez, who died of a heart attack in 1936.
This episode would force the widow Julia and her sons to move to Venezuela's capital, Caracas, in 1939, where two of Pérez's eldest brothers had gone to attend university.
The death of his father had a profound impact on the young Pérez, bolstering his convictions that democratic freedoms and rights were the only guarantees against the arbitrary, and tyrannical, use of state power.
In 1944, he enrolled for three years in the Law School of the Central University of Venezuela and one year in the Law School of the Free University of Colombia.
The political life of Carlos Andrés Pérez began at the age of 15, when he became a founding member of the Venezuelan Youth Association and a member of the National Democratic Party, both of which were opposed to the repressive administration of General Eleazar López Contreras, who had succeeded the dictatorship of Juan Vicente Gómez in 1935.
When he moved to Caracas, in 1939, he started an ascendant political career as a youth leader and founder of the Democratic Action (AD) party, in which he would play an important role during the 20th century, first as a close ally to party founder Rómulo Betancourt and then as a political leader in his own right.
In October 1945, a group of civilians and young army officers plotted the overthrow of the government run by General Isaías Medina Angarita.
At the age of 23, Pérez was appointed Private Secretary to the Junta President, Rómulo Betancourt, and became Cabinet Secretary in 1946.
However, in 1948, when the military staged a coup against the democratically elected government of Rómulo Gallegos, Pérez was forced to go into exile (going to Cuba, Panama and Costa Rica) for a decade.
In 1958, after the fall of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Pérez returned to Venezuela and participated in the reorganization of the AD Party.
He served as Minister of Interior and Justice from 1959 to 1964 and made his mark as a tough minister and canny politician who worked to neutralize small, disruptive and radical right-wing and left-wing insurrections, the latter Cuban-influenced and Cuban-financed, that were being staged around the country.
This was an important step in the pacification of the country in the mid-to-late 1960s, the consolidation of democracy and the integration of radical parties into the political process.
Pérez was accused, however, of flagrant violations of human rights related to the torture and extrajudicial killings of insurgents and political leaders.
After the end of the Betancourt administration and the 1963 elections, Pérez left government temporarily and dedicated himself to consolidating his support in the party.
During this time, he served as head of the AD in Congress and was elected to the position of Secretary General of AD, a role that was crucial in laying the ground for his presidential ambitions.
Youthful and energetic, Pérez ran a vibrant and triumphalist campaign, one of the first to use the services of American advertising gurus and political consultants in the country's history.
During the run up to elections, he visited nearly all the villages and cities of Venezuela by foot and walked more than 5800 kilometers.
One of the most radical aspects of Pérez's program for government was the notion that petroleum oil was a tool for under-developed nations like Venezuela to attain first world status and usher a fairer, more equitable international order.
His policies, including the nationalization of the iron and petroleum industries, investment in large state-owned industrial projects for the production of aluminium and hydroelectric energy, infrastructure improvements and the funding of social welfare and scholarship programmes, were extremely ambitious and involved massive government spending, to the tune of almost .
His measures to protect the environment and foster sustainable development earned the Earth Care award in 1975, the first time a Latin American leader had received this recognition.
He reestablished diplomatic relations with Cuba and submitted a resolution to the Organization of American States (OAS) that would have lifted economic sanctions against the country.
He opposed the Somoza and Augusto Pinochet dictatorships and played a crucial role in the finalizing of the agreement for the transfer of the Panama Canal from American to Panamanian control.
In 1975, with Mexican President Luis Echeverría, he founded SELA, the Latin American Economic System, created to foster economic cooperation and scientific exchange between the nations of Latin America.
He also supported the democratization process in Spain, as he brought Felipe González, who was living in exile, back to Spain in a private flight and thus strengthened the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE).
Additionally, he negotiated a treaty with the USSR that called for the USSR to supply oil to Venezuela's Spanish market in exchange for Venezuela supplying the Soviet market in Cuba.
Towards the end of his first term in office, Pérez's reputation was tarnished by accusations of excessive, and disorderly, government spending.
A well-publicized rift with his former mentor Betancourt and disgruntled members of AD all pointed to the fading of Perez's political standing.
By the 1978 elections, there was a sense among many citizens that the influx of petrodollars after 1973 had not been properly managed.
And whilst per capita income had increased and prosperity was evident in Caracas and other major cities, the country was also more expensive and a significant minority of Venezuelans were still mired in poverty.
He actively participated in the Socialist International, where he served as Vice-President for three consecutive terms, under the presidency of Willy Brandt from West Germany.
Willy Brandt and Carlos Andrés Pérez, together with the Dominican Republic's José Francisco Peña Gómez, expanded the activities of the Socialist International from Europe to Latin America.
In 1988, he became a Member of the Council of Freely-Elected Heads of Government, established by the former President of the United States, Jimmy Carter.
He was elected Chairman of the Harvard University Conference on Foreign Debt in Latin America, in , and received the Henry and Nancy Bartels World Affairs Fellowship at Cornell University.
In February 1989, at the beginning of his second term as president, he accepted an International Monetary Fund proposal known as the Washington consensus.
Poor economic conditions led to attempts to revolutionize the political and economic structure of Venezuela, but the implementation of the neoliberal reforms (and in particular the liberalisation of petrol prices, which caused an immediate increase in the cost of petrol to consumers and rises in fares on public transport) resulted in massive popular protests in Caracas, the capital.
The protests led to a large number of deaths —estimates range from 500 to 3000 , and resulted in the declaration of a state of emergency.
With the attempt having clearly failed, Chávez was catapulted into the national spotlight when he was allowed to appear live on national television to call for all remaining rebel detachments in Venezuela to cease hostilities.
On 21 May 1993, the Supreme Court considered the accusation valid, and the following day the Senate voted to strip Pérez of his immunity.
Pérez refused to resign, but after the maximum 90 days temporary leave available to the President under Article 188 of the 1961 constitution, the National Congress removed Pérez from office permanently on 31 August.
In 1998 he was prosecuted again, this time on charges of embezzlement on public funds, after secret joint bank accounts held with his mistress, Cecilia Matos, were discovered in New York.
However, as the newly approved 1999 Constitution of Venezuela dissolved the Senate and created a unicameral National Assembly, Pérez lost his seat.
On 20 December 2001, while in Dominican Republic, a court in Caracas ordered his detention, on charges of embezzlement of public funds.
After that, he self-exiled in Miami, Florida, from where he became one of the most vehement opponents of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez.
On 24 February 2005 he was prosecuted for his responsibility in the Plan Ávila he endorsed while President in 1989, to allow the Army to repress the citizenry during the Caracazo, causing the death of hundreds of civilians.
At the age of 26 he married his first cousin Blanca Rodriguez with whom he had six children: Sonia, Thais, Martha, Carlos Manuel, María de Los Angeles and María Carolina.
Matos became a notorious figure in Venezuelan politics beginning in the 1970s and through the 1990s, the result of insistent rumours of corruption and trafficking of influence centred around her role as the President's mistress.
Matos is still unable to account for her personal wealth or how a junior secretary in the Venezuelan Congress went on to own real estate in New York, Washington, D.C., Caracas, Paris and Florida and foreign bank accounts without any income or economic activity to justify these assets.
Until his death (see below), Perez remained legally married to Blanca Rodríguez although he had been living in exile since 1998 with Matos, dividing his time between his homes in Miami, the Dominican Republic and New York.
On 31 March 2008, the secretary general of Acción Democrática, Henry Ramos Allup, announced that Pérez wanted to return to Venezuela from exile, to spend his last years in Caracas.
It later emerged that Blanca Rodríguez and Perez's four daughters and son learned of Perez's death from a news website, as neither Matos nor her daughters notified them of the loss.
Pérez's relatives in Miami said that Pérez would be buried in Miami and that they have no intention of returning his remains to Venezuela until Chávez was no longer in office.
It was reported that Miami relatives agreed to her wish to return Pérez's body to Venezuela but later they denied having reached to an agreement.
The casket arrived in a flight originated from Atlanta, Georgia, escorted by Mayor of Caracas Antonio Ledezma, friend of Pérez and member of Democratic Action (AD).
Once in Caracas it was transported to the Headquarters of AD, where over 5,000 people waited to see the hearse and the casket covered with the Venezuelan flag.
The death of Cecilia Matos comes 25 days after Perez was buried in Venezuela, following a prolonged family dispute about where his final resting place should be.
Mora is a genus of large trees in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the legume family Fabaceae, (or in some classifications the family Caesalpinaceae of the order Fabales).
There are seven to ten species, all native to lowland rainforests in northern South America, southern Central America and the southern Caribbean islands.
These are large, heavily buttressed rainforest trees up to 130 feet (40 meters) in height (to 190 feet (58 meters) in the case of M. excelsa ).
The genus is particularly noteworthy for the exceptional size of its beans, which are commonly acknowledged to be the largest known dicot seeds, in the instance of M megistosperma being up to seven inches (18 cm) in length, six inches (15 cm ) in breadth and three inches (8 cm)in thickness, and a weight of up to 2.2 pounds (1000 grams).
The purpose of GA-2 is to convince these errant – or simply useless – employees to quit (and typically people last three days at most) due to the monotonous and meaningless nature of the job, just so that the company, headed by sex-crazed executives and a Personnel Section willing to stoop to any means, will save on the costs of firing them.
However, the employees posted to GA-2 exhibit no intention to quit, to the chagrin of the Personnel Section Chief and his assistant , since the people at Shomuni are happy their menial jobs give them more than enough time to pursue their other interests during office hours.
As the drama series progresses, it is evident that these seemingly lowly employees have their own pride despite them being the most despised employees in the company, and in every episode, they end up saving the company from a potential catastrophe, inadvertently or otherwise.
GA-2 has one male employee, the friendly and affable Section Chief , whose role can at best be described as that of a nominal caretaker.
Save for caring for a female tabby cat, he is an old man who appears to be only interested in waiting for his retirement age while idling in the GA-2 office.
GA-2 was composed of four women from the start of the first episode, and is seen first through the eyes of Tsukahara Sawako (the fifth woman to join GA-2).
Shomuni was followed up by two TV movies: Shomuni Special 1 (aired on October 7, 1998), Shomuni Special 2 (aired on January 2, 2000), and two sequel drama serials: Shomuni 2 (aired from April 12, 2000 to June 28, 2000) and the other was Shomuni Final (July 3, 2002 - September 18, 2002).
In 2013, another Shomuni were made since the previous season departure on 2002, known as Shomuni 2013 or Shomuni 4/Power Office Girls 4, premiering on Fuji TV on July 10.
Led by the same actress Esumi Makiko as the main protagonist, this season were completely backed up by a total new cast as supporting.
Being headless is acrania, the failure of an individual animal to develop a head, despite belonging to a species that normally does so.
He was born near St. Andrews in what was then the Red River Colony, making him the first Premier of Manitoba to have been born in the region.
He was educated by Church of England Bishop David Anderson and worked as a teacher, farmer, and fur trader during the 1860s.
Norquay played only a minor role in the events of Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion (1869–70), but decided to enter public life shortly thereafter.
Manitoba's first government (which did not have a Premier) lost a vote of confidence in July 1874, after Norquay's electoral redistribution bill met with opposition from both English and French MLAs.
Norquay did not serve in the cabinet of Marc-Amable Girard (1874), nor was he called into the first cabinet of Robert A. Davis (1874–1878).
In Manitoba's second election (December 30, 1874), he was a leader of the opposition; running in St. Andrew's North, he defeated former Girard minister Edward Henry Hay by 67 votes to 34.
Davis knew that he would be unable to govern effectively without strong British representation, and invited Norquay to join his cabinet in March 1875.
Norquay was a prominent minister in the Davis administration, and it was not a surprise when he was called to replace Davis as Premier in November 1878 (he also took the office of Provincial Treasurer).
He sought a new mandate on December 18, 1878, and was re-elected with the support of 14-17 MLAs (out of 24).
Now, he sought to forge a new parliamentary alliance with opposition leader Thomas Scott, an Orangeman and a leading figure among the new Ontario settlers (not to be confused with the man of the same name executed by Louis Riel) in 1870.
Royal and Scott wanted to bring formal party politics to Manitoba; both were Conservatives, and Scott believed that he was best positioned to become the leader of a provincial Conservative Party.
The Norquay-Girard government won a new mandate on December 16, 1879, with Norquay re-elected by acclamation in the riding of St. Andrew's.
As a result, he was compelled to walk a thin line between local and federal alliances; eventually, his inability to successfully navigate this course led to his downfall.
Although Norquay initially gave tepid support to these local efforts, the opposition accused him (probably correctly) of having made a secret deal with the CPR and Canadian Prime Minister John A. Macdonald to ensure that they never came to fruition.
These developments brought Norquay into a reluctant alliance with the province's Conservative establishment (which had opposed him only three years earlier).
Although John A. Macdonald was sometimes disparaging of Norquay in private correspondence, he supported the Norquay ministry for most of its nine years in power.
Macdonald took Norquay's side in a boundary dispute with Ontario, and personally visited Manitoba in 1886 to ensure Norquay's re-election on December 9 of that year: Norquay's Conservatives won about 21 seats, compared to 14 for Greenway's Liberals with the popular vote almost evenly split.
Norquay's alliance with Macdonald ended in the summer of 1887, when the provincial government reversed its previous policy and actively promoted the Red River Valley Railroad, a local line meant to link Winnipeg with the Canada–US border.
His ministry's fate was sealed when Macdonald disallowed the transfer of CPR land to Manitoba, after Norquay's government had already paid $256,000 to the company in compensation.
His successor, David H. Harrison, unsuccessfully tried to keep Norquay's governing alliance together for another month; after this, Greenway was called upon to form a new ministry.
He once again became leader of the opposition, but with a much reduced political base: he was now opposed by John A. Macdonald, distrusted by other Manitoba Conservatives, lacking in popular support, and suffering personal financial hardship.
Between his first election in 1870 and his resignation in 1887, the population of Manitoba had grown tenfold; as Premier, Norquay was responsible for expanding government services accordingly.
In addition to his political career, John Norquay was also a prominent lay member of the Church of England in Manitoba.
If completed, the captured area (defined as the side opposite of where the Qix is) becomes filled in with a solid color and points are awarded.
To complete a level, the player must claim 65% of the playfield (adjustable by the arcade operator to be between 50% and 90%).
The player's marker can move at two different speeds; areas drawn exclusively at the lower speed (orange-red on the screenshot shown) are worth double points.
This means that if the marker starts a spiral, it gets smaller and smaller until the marker cannot move and there is no way out, and hence is known in the game as a spiral death trap.
A life is lost if the Qix touches any uncompleted Stix or if the marker is touched by any of the Sparx – enemies that traverse all playfield edges except uncompleted Stix.
In addition, if the marker stops while drawing, a fuse will appear and burn along the uncompleted Stix toward the marker; if it reaches the marker, the player loses one life.
A meter at the top of the screen counts down to the release of additional Sparx and the mutation of all Sparx into Super Sparx, which can chase the marker along uncompleted Stix.
After the player completes two levels, the difficulty increases by the inclusion of multiple Qixes, additional Sparx, speed increases, and the eventual appearance of only Super Sparx.
In levels with multiple Qixes, the player can also complete the level by splitting the playfield into two regions, each containing at least one Qix.
If the level is completed by exceeding the threshold percentage of area (generally 75%), a bonus of 1000 points per percentage point above 75% is awarded.
If the level is completed by splitting the Qix, no immediate bonus is awarded, but all scores for all levels for the remainder of the game are multiplied by a bonus multiplier.
This multiplier starts at double after the first time the Qix are split up to a maximum possible multiplier of 9.
The Game Boy port was released as a Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console title in Japan on June 15, 2011, and in North America and Europe on July 7.
Although optional, enclosing an opponent in the box would open a treasure chest, which can also be enclosed, giving the player an item.
Watts Humphrey (whose grandfather and father also had the same name) was born in Battle Creek, Michigan on July 4, 1927.
Despite dyslexia, he received a bachelor of science in physics from the University of Chicago, a master of science in physics from Illinois Institute of Technology physics department, and a master of business administration from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
In the 1980s at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University Humphrey founded the Software Process Program, and served as director of that program from 1986 until the early 1990s.
This program was aimed at understanding and managing the software engineering process because this is where big and small organizations or individuals encounter the most serious difficulties and where, thereafter, lies the best opportunity for significant improvement.
Robert Atkinson Davis (March 9, 1841 – January 7, 1903) was a businessman and Manitoba politician who served as the fourth Premier of Manitoba.
He moved to Red River on 10 May 1870, and reportedly had a friendly meeting with Louis Riel shortly before the end of the Red River Rebellion.
This meeting took place after Davis swam across the Red River to where Riel was hiding and called out to the guards in French, and the entire meeting took place in French as Davis was bilingual.
He emerged as a spokesman for the province's recent Ontario immigrants, who opposed the Hudson's Bay Company's monopoly on transportation and opposed the continued prominence of the Métis in Manitoba politics.
He lost this race, but was elected to both the Protestant school board and the new Winnipeg Board of Trade in February 1873.
In April 1874, Davis won a by-election to the provincial legislature for the riding of Winnipeg & St. Johns (replacing Smith, who had resigned).
He soon emerged as leading figure in the opposition, and on July 2, 1874, supported a non-confidence motion which brought down the government.
Davis was re-elected for Winnipeg in Manitoba's second general election (December 30, 1874), defeating Thomas Scott (not to be confused with the Thomas Scott executed by Louis Riel's provisional government) by 198 votes to 183.
The Davis government was primarily opposed by the anglophone allies of John Christian Schultz, who were led in parliament by Orangeman Francis Cornish.
As Premier, Davis continued his policy of debt reduction (for which he attained an increased Federal subsidy), and convinced the unelected Legislative Council to vote itself out of existence in January 1876.
He argued in favour of Canada–US free trade in 1883, and spent much of the 1890s travelling on the profits of his business.
The school is located in West Sussex, east of Worthing near the village of Lancing, on the south coast of England.
Lancing was founded in 1848 by Nathaniel Woodard and educates c. 550 pupils between the ages of 13 and 18; the co-educational ratio is c. 60:40 boys to girls.
The college is situated on a hill which is part of the South Downs, and the campus dominates the local landscape.
The college overlooks the River Adur, and the Ladywell Stream, a holy well or sacred stream within the College grounds, has pre-Christian significance.
Lancing was the first of a family of more than 30 schools founded by Woodard (others include Hurstpierpoint College, Ardingly College, Bloxham School and Worksop College).
Roughly 65% of pupils are boarders, at a cost of £32,910 per year; c. 35% are day pupils, at a cost of £23,130 per year.
The College of St Mary and St Nicolas (as it was originally known) in Shoreham-by-Sea was intended for the sons of upper middle classes and professional men; in time this became Lancing College, moving to its present site in 1857.
The school's buildings of the 1850s were designed by the architect Richard Cromwell Carpenter, with later ones by John William Simpson.
In 2003, it was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.
Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.
The foundation stone of the college chapel was laid in 1868, but the chapel itself was not finished in Woodard's lifetime.
It stands at about 50 metres (with foundations going down 20 metres into the ground), but the original plans called for a tower at the west end which would raise the height to 100 metres.
The chapel was dedicated to St Mary and St Nicolas in 1911, although the college worshipped in the finished crypt from 1875.
Inside can be found, among other things, the tomb of the founder, three organs, and a rose window designed by Stephen Dykes Bower, completed in 1977, and the largest rose window in England, being 32 ft in diameter.
People acknowledge it as the largest school chapel in the world, despite the fact that there appears to be no study or survey publicly available that can confirm that.
That year also marked the completion of the rebuild of the four-manual Walker organ at the west end of the chapel – both of which were showcased in the opening concert by the American organ virtuoso, Carlo Curley.
In 1856 Lancing created its own code of football which (unlike other school codes) was regarded as a means of fostering teamwork.
The Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist is given each year for artists of works related to science fiction or fantasy which appeared in low- or non-paying publications such as semiprozines or fanzines.
To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1951, and 1954, although only the 1946 and 1951 Retro Hugos received sufficient nominations for the Fan Artist Hugo to make the ballot.
The only other artists to win more than twice are Teddy Harvia, with four out of twenty nominations, Alexis A. Gilliland, with four out of eight, and Frank Wu, also with four out of eight.
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event.
The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie.
The works on the ballot are those six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated.
Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.
Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.
Entries with a blue background and an asterisk (*) next to the artist's name have won the award; those with a white background are the nominees on the short-list.
Wilbert Vere Awdry, OBE (15 June 1911 – 21 March 1997) was an English Anglican cleric, railway enthusiast, and children's author.
His father was the Reverend Vere Awdry (1854–1928), the Anglican vicar of Ampfield, and his mother was Lucy Awdry (née Bury) (1884-1965).
These trains usually ran at night and the young Awdry could hear them from his bed, listening to the coded whistle signals between the train engine and the banker as well as the sharp bark from the locomotive exhausts as they fought their way up the incline.
Here was the inspiration for the story of Edward helping Gordon's train up the hill, a story that Wilbert first told his son Christopher some 25 years later, and which appeared in the first of the Railway Series books.
Awdry was educated at Marlborough House School, Hawkhurst, Kent (1919–24), Dauntsey's School, West Lavington, Wiltshire (1924–29); St Peter's Hall, Oxford (BA, 1932) and Wycliffe Hall, Oxford where he gained his diploma in theology in 1933.
He subsequently moved to Cambridgeshire, serving as Rector of Elsworth with Knapwell (1946–50), Rural Dean at Bourn (1950–53) and then Vicar of Emneth, Norfolk (1953–65).
The characters that would make Awdry famous and the first stories featuring them were invented in 1943 to amuse his son Christopher during a bout of measles.
Christopher also wanted a model of Gordon; however the wartime shortage of materials limited Awdry to making a little 0-6-0 tank engine.
In 1947 0-6-0T engine No.1800 was built by Hudswell Clarke, it spent its working life at the British Sugar Corporation, Peterborough factory pushing wagons of sugar beet until it was finally replaced by a Diesel engine.
Peterborough Railway Society purchased the engine in 1973 and this little blue 'Thomas' engine is the star of the Nene Valley Railway.
The railway inspired Awdry to create the Skarloey Railway, based on the Talyllyn, with some of his exploits being written into the stories.
Emneth railway station was on the EAR line from Magdalen Road Station (now known as Watlington) to Wisbech East, Emneth station is now a private residence.
The GER Wisbech and Upwell Tramway tram engines, coaches and rolling stock were similar to Toby the Tram Engine and Henrietta and the Ely to King's Lynn mainline with Wisbech East (Victoria Rd) station.
There were also harbour lines either side of the River Nene - M&GN Harbour West branch and GER Harbour East branch.
In 1988, his second Ffarquhar model railway layout was shown to the public for the final time and was featured on an ITN News news item.
During all this, Wilbert Awdry faced many battles - health problems, depression, and the death of his wife, his brother, and close friend Teddy Boston.
Awdry was awarded an OBE in the 1996 New Year's Honours List, but by that time his health had deteriorated and he was unable to travel to London.
In 2011 a blue plaque was unveiled by his daughter Veronica Chambers at The Old Vicarage, Emneth where he lived between 1953 and 1965.
A pedestrian rail crossing bridge has been dedicated to Awdry in 2017 in the small Hampshire town of Chandlers Ford, which is very close (and has the closest railway line and station) to his birthplace of Ampfield.
They knew they had a hit game on their hands when one day the game testers tried to steal the game.
Also, Cranium, Inc. made partnerships where Cranium questions were featured on Delta Song Airlines napkins, Dr. Pepper bottles at KFC, and on packages of Land O' Lakes butter.
Marc-Amable Girard (April 25, 1822 – September 12, 1892) was the second Premier of the Western Canadian province of Manitoba, and the first Franco-Manitoban to hold that post.
He worked as a Notary Public between 1844 and 1870, and was active in local political life (serving as Mayor of Varennes at one stage).
He lost an electoral bid for the Province of Canada's Legislative Council in 1858, and a further bid for the Canadian Assembly in 1863 (losing to Parti Rouge leader A.A. Dorion in Hochelaga).
Girard and Joseph Royal met with Riel on August 23, 1870, and may have encouraged his flight from Winnipeg before Canadian soldiers arrived the next day.
Girard was appointed Provincial Treasurer by Lieutenant-Governor Adams George Archibald on September 16, 1870, and remained in this position until March 14, 1872.
In June 1874, cabinet minister John Norquay attempted to redistribute Manitoba's electoral districts so as to reflect the increased English presence in the province.
On July 22, 1874, Girard voted with the French party on a non-confidence motion which brought down the government; he was called to form his own administration the next day.
Until July 3, 1874, the government of Manitoba had been dominated by the province's Lieutenant-Governors—Archibald (1870–1872), and his replacement Alexander Morris (1872–1877).
Girard's government was founded on an unstable alliance with Hay's English party, and fell as a result of ongoing recriminations over Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion (1869–70).
Girard and other members of the French caucus maintained regular communications with Riel between 1870 and 1874, an association which most English parliamentarians found unpalatable.
In November 1874, Ambroise Lepine, the Adjutant-General in Riel's provisional government, was convicted of the murder of Orangeman Thomas Scott, who had been executed under Riel's authority in 1870.
During its brief existence, Girard's ministry promoted fiscal restraint and an effective system of auditing public accounts, also advocating the abolition of the unelected Legislative Council.
It also passed a redistribution bill which allowed for 14 ridings with an English-speaking majority and 10 ridings with a French-speaking majority.
Girard was re-elected (again by acclamation) for the restructured riding of St. Boniface in Manitoba's second general election (December 30, 1874).
The Davis government soon won the confidence of most elected members (formal party politics had not yet been introduced to Manitoba), and Girard played only a minor role in provincial politics for the next four years.
This committee secured Alphonse LaRiviere's victory by acclamation (elections during this period were sometimes determined by public meetings, rather than formal balloting).
Norquay initially won a working majority in the new parliament, but soon saw his government threatened by an alliance of Thomas Scott (not the same as above) and Joseph Royal.
Norquay was only able to retain power by forming an alliance with the province's English MLA, and temporarily excluding French representatives from the cabinet.
Norquay recognized the continued need for conciliation, however, and secured Girard's return to cabinet as Provincial Secretary on November 18, 1879.
Girard was probably at the height of his popularity with the French community during this period, securing a compromise on bilingualism and receiving guarantees on education and representation.
He returned to the Manitoba legislature in the Province's fourth general election (December 16, 1879), being acclaimed for the riding of Baie St. Paul.
He opposed the efforts of Thomas Greenway and D'Alton McCarthy to eliminate French-language services in Manitoba and the North West Territories, though he also condemned Louis Riel's second rebellion in 1886.
In the period after the 1860 presidential election, several Southern states announced their secession and eventually formed the Confederate States of America.
During this period, several legislative measures, including the Corwin Amendment, were proposed in the hope of either reconciling the sections of the United States, or avoiding the secession of the border states.
In December 1860, when the second session of the 36th Congress was convened, the deepening rift between slave states and free states was erupting into a secession crisis.
Senator John J. Crittenden proposed a compromise consisting of six constitutional amendments and four Congressional resolutions, which were ultimately tabled on December 31.
On January 14, 1861, the House committee submitted a plan calling for an amendment to protect slavery, enforce fugitive slave laws, and repeal state personal liberty laws.
While the House debated the measure over the ensuing weeks, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas had joined South Carolina in seceding from the Union.
On February 26, Congressman Thomas Corwin, who had chaired the earlier House committee, introduced his own text as a substitute, but it was not adopted.
The following day, after a series of preliminary votes, the House voted 123 to 71 in favor of the original resolution, but as this was below the required two-thirds majority, the measure was not passed.
On February 28, however, the House returned to and approved Corwin's version by a vote of 133 to 65, just barely above the two-thirds threshold.
The Senate took up the proposed amendment on March 2, 1861, debating its merits without a recess through the pre-dawn hours on March 4.
His signature on the Congressional joint resolution was unnecessary, as the President has no formal role in the constitutional amendment process.
Just weeks prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, Lincoln sent a letter to each state's governor transmitting the proposed amendment, noting that Buchanan had approved it.
On February 14, 1862, prior to the 1863 ratification of the amendment by the Illinois General Assembly, an Illinois state constitutional convention purported to ratify the Corwin Amendment.
However, since Illinois state lawmakers were sitting as delegates to a convention at the time—and not meeting as the actual state legislature—that action was of questionable validity.
The Restored Government of Virginia, consisting mostly of representatives of what would become West Virginia, voted to approve the amendment on February 13, 1862.
In 1963, more than a century after the Corwin Amendment was submitted to the state legislatures by the Congress, a joint resolution to ratify it was introduced in the Texas House of Representatives by Dallas Republican Henry Stollenwerck.
His joint resolution was referred to the House's Committee on Constitutional Amendments on March 7, 1963, but received no further consideration.
On February 8, 1864, during the 38th Congress, with the prospects for a Union victory improving, Republican Senator Henry B. Anthony of Rhode Island introduced Senate (Joint) Resolution No.
On May 11, 1864, Illinois Senator Lyman Trumbull, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, received the Senate's permission to discharge Senate (Joint) Resolution No.
As a result, the later Reconstruction Amendments (Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth) would not have been permissible, as they abolish or interfere with the domestic institution of the states.
A competing theory, however, suggests that only the entrenched clauses of the original constitution (of which the only one still active is the clause protecting the states' equal representation in the Senate) can be protected from subsequent amendments under the established amending formula.
Under this theory, a later amendment conflicting with an already-ratified Corwin Amendment could either explicitly repeal the Corwin Amendment (as the Twenty-first Amendment explicitly repealed the Eighteenth Amendment) or be inferred to have either superseded or partially or completely repealed any conflicting provisions of an already-adopted Corwin Amendment.
According to the 2011 UK census, Wetwang parish had a population of 761, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 672.
In 1966, the church was designated a Grade II* listed building and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.
The village is known for its Iron Age chariot burial cemetery at Wetwang Slack, and was previously known for its black swans after which the village pub, the Black Swan, is named.
Until 1950, the village was served by Wetwang railway station, on the Malton to Driffield Line, but this line has closed.
As shown in the figure, rDNA of eukaryotes consists of a tandem repeat of a unit segment, an operon, composed of NTS, ETS, 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S tracts.
In the nucleus, the rDNA region of the chromosome is visualized as a nucleolus which forms expanded chromosomal loops with rDNA.
In the human genome there are 5 chromosomes with nucleolus organizer regions: the acrocentric chromosomes 13 (RNR1), 14 (RNR2), 15 (RNR3), 21 (RNR4) and 22 (RNR5).
But the genes that encode for rRNA are highly conserved across the domains, with only the copy numbers involved for the genes having varying numbers per species.
In Bacteria, Archaea, and chloroplasts the rRNA is composed of different (smaller) units, the large (23S) ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and 5S rRNA.
In the large rDNA array, polymorphisms between rDNA repeat units are very low, indicating that rDNA tandem arrays are evolving through concerted evolution.
However, the mechanism of concerted evolution is imperfect, such that polymorphisms between repeats within an individual can occur at significant levels and may confound phylogenetic analyses for closely related organisms.
The rDNA transcription tracts have low rate of polymorphism among species, which allows interspecific comparison to elucidate phylogenetic relationship using only a few specimens.
Coding regions of rDNA are highly conserved among species but ITS regions are variable due to insertions, deletions, and point mutations.
In cases for sibling species, comparison of the rDNA segment including ITS tracts among species and phylogenetic analysis are made satisfactorily.
A fragment of yeast rDNA containing the 5S gene, nontranscribed spacer DNA, and part of the 35S gene has localized cis-acting mitotic recombination stimulating activity.
Diseases can be associated with DNA mutations where DNA can be expanded, such as Huntington's disease, or lost due to deletion mutations.
The same is true for mutations that occur in rDNA repeats; it has been found that if the genes that are associated with the synthesis of ribosomes are disrupted or mutated, it can result in various diseases associated with the skeleton or bone marrow.
Also, any damage or disruption to the enzymes that protect the tandem repeats of the rDNA, can result in lower synthesis of ribosomes, which also lead to other defects in the cell.
Neurological diseases can also arise from mutations in the rDNA tandem repeats, such as Bloom syndrome, which occurs when the number of tandem repeats increases close to a hundred-fold; compared with that of the normal number of tandem repeats.
Cell lines can become malignant from either a rearrangement of the tandem repeats, or an expansion of the repeats in the rDNA.
In 1906 Toeplitz arrived to Göttingen University, which was then the world's leading mathematical center, and he remained there for seven years.
Toeplitz joined a group of young people working with Hilbert: Max Born, Richard Courant and Ernst Hellinger, with whom he collaborated for many years afterward.
During this period he also published a paper on summation processes and discovered the basic ideas of what are now called the Toeplitz operators.
The book introduces the subject by giving an idealized historical narrative to motivate the concepts, showing how they developed from classical problems of Greek mathematics.
Initially, Toeplitz was able to retain his position due to an exception for those who had been appointed before 1914, but he was nonetheless dismissed in 1935.
In 1939 he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine, where he was scientific advisor to the rector of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Henry Joseph Clarke (July 7, 1833 – September 13, 1889), who sometimes used the middle names Hynes and O'Connell, was a lawyer and politician in Manitoba, Canada.
Born in Donegal (now in the Republic of Ireland) on July 7, 1833, Clarke moved with his family to Canada at age three.
Clarke ran for Province of Canada's parliament as a Liberal-Conservative in the 1863 election, losing to Liberal finance minister Luther Hamilton Holton in the riding of Chateauguay.
On the advice of George-Étienne Cartier and Bishop Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Clarke moved to Manitoba in 1870 to assist in the establishment of a provincial government.
He was elected by acclamation for the constituency of St. Charles in Manitoba's first general election, held on December 27, 1870.
There were serious policy disagreements between Clarke and the Lieutenant Governors, most notably over the makeup of Manitoba's supreme court: Clarke wanted three justices to serve on the court, while Archibald preferred only a single justice.
In 1871, he navigated a bill through the assembly which would have restricted the number of out-of-province lawyers to ten, and given the Attorney General's office final authority over who could practice.
When three Métis were arrested on charges of treason following Fenian raids in 1871, Clarke personally led the prosecution while Royal acted at the chief defense lawyer.
In 1873, Clarke publicly defended Lord Gordon Gordon, an English trader and con-man who claimed to be a Scottish lord, and made a fortune in investment fraud.
The ministry which included Clarke was defeated in the legislature in July 1874, when John Norquay's bill for electoral redistribution was defeated.
While stopping over in Minnesota, he was beset upon by a group of investors who ran been defrauded by Gordon Gordon, and was seriously injured.
He returned to Winnipeg in 1877, and ran unsuccessfully for the constituency of Rockwood in the provincial elections of 1878 and 1879.
Previously a supporter of French language rights, Clarke was by this time campaigning against bilingualism and state funding for Catholic schools.
They Were Expendable is a 1945 American war film directed by John Ford and starring Robert Montgomery and John Wayne and featuring Donna Reed.
The film is based on the 1942 book by William L. White, relating the story of the exploits of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three, a PT boat unit defending the Philippines against Japanese invasion during the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42) in World War II.
The characters of John Brickley (Montgomery) and Rusty Ryan (Wayne) are fictionalizations of the actual subjects, John D. Bulkeley (Medal of Honor recipient) and Robert Kelly, respectively.
Ryan and Brickley's demands for combat assignments for their squadron are frustrated for a time as they are assigned to messenger duty, but when the Japanese launch a surprise attack with warplanes, they are hastily pressed into combat duty.
Eventually, the local command recognizes the effectiveness of the small boats and use them for intercepting and sinking larger Japanese vessels.
As they are about to leave on a mission to sink a Japanese cruiser, Brick orders Rusty to the hospital, where it is discovered that he has blood poisoning.
Brick's boats sink the cruiser, after which the squadron meets with more and more success, even as they suffer the loss of both boats and men.
However, the American forces are vastly outgunned and outnumbered by the Japanese forces, and it is only a matter of time before the islands are lost.
With the mounting Japanese onslaught against the doomed American garrisons at Bataan and Corregidor, the squadron is sent to evacuate General Douglas MacArthur, his family, and a party of VIPs.
Brickley, Ryan and two ensigns are airlifted out on the last plane because the PT boats have proved their worth and they are needed stateside to train replacement PT boat officers and crews.
The remaining enlisted men, led by Chief Mulcahey, are left behind to continue the fight with remnants of the U.S. Army and Filipino guerrillas.
During this time Ford met Lieutenant John D. Bulkeley during the preparation of the Normandy Invasion and later sighted Bulkeley's former executive officer Lt Robert Montgomery on D-Day.
According to Turner Classic Movies host Ben Mankiewicz, during filming, director John Ford, a notoriously hard taskmaster, was especially hard on Wayne, who did not serve in the armed forces.
He turned to Montgomery – who had actually commanded a PT boat – to temporarily take over for him as director.
The film, which received extensive support from the Navy Department, was shot on location in Key Biscayne, Florida and the Florida Keys.
Actual U.S. Navy 80-foot Elco PT boats were used throughout the filming, albeit re-marked with false hull numbers that would have been in use in late 1941 and early 1942.
Additional U.S. naval aircraft from nearby naval air stations in Miami, Fort Lauderdale and Key West were temporarily remarked and were used to simulate Japanese aircraft in the film.
Chthonian planets (, sometimes 'cthonian') are a hypothetical class of celestial objects resulting from the stripping away of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere and outer layers, which is called hydrodynamic escape.
Transit-timing variation measurements indicate for example that Kepler-52b, Kepler-52c and Kepler-57b have maximum-masses between 30 and 100 times the mass of Earth (although the actual masses could be much lower); with radii about 2 Earth radii, they might have densities larger than that of an iron planet of the same size.
These exoplanets are orbiting very close to their stars and could be the remnant cores of evaporated gas giants or brown dwarfs.
HD 209458 b is an example of a gas giant that is in the process of having its atmosphere stripped away, though it will not become a chthonian planet for many billions of years, if ever.
Other researchers dispute this, and conclude COROT-7b was always a rocky planet and not the eroded core of a gas or ice giant, due to the young age of the star system.
Nicholas Gilman Jr. (August 3, 1755May 2, 1814) was a soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, a delegate to the Continental Congress, and a signer of the U.S. Constitution, representing New Hampshire.
He was a member of the United States House of Representatives during the first four Congresses and served in the U.S. Senate from 1805 until his death in 1814.
His brother John Taylor Gilman was also very active in New Hampshire politics, serving as Governor of New Hampshire for 14 years, as well as a principal benefactor of Phillips Exeter Academy.
Gilman had four brothers and one sister who were named (from oldest to youngest) John Taylor Gilman, (him), Nathaniel Gilman, Elizabeth Gilman, Samuel Gilman, Daniel Gilman.
Born during the French and Indian War, he was soon aware of the military responsibilities that went with citizenship in a New England colony.
After attending local public schools, he became a clerk in his father's trading house, but the growing rift between the colonies and Great Britain quickly thrust Gilman into the struggle for independence.
He represented his community in the New Hampshire Provincial Congresses, which met just after hostilities broke out at Lexington and Concord in 1775 and which later drafted the one hundred and thirty-eight state constitution.
In November 1776, a committee of the state legislature appointed young Nicholas Gilman to serve as adjutant, or administrative officer, of the 3rd New Hampshire Regiment.
A superb combat officer, Scammell made good use of Gilman's administrative talents in the task of creating a potent fighting force out of the limited manpower resources at hand––a combination of raw recruits from around the state and ragged veterans of the Trenton-Princeton campaign.
Because New Hampshire lay along the major invasion route from Canada to New York, George Washington assigned its regiments a key role in the strategic defense of the northern states.
In the spring of 1777 Gilman and the rest of the officers and men of the 3rd New Hampshire marched to Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain to participate in an attempt by American forces to halt the advance of a powerful army of British and German regulars and Indian auxiliaries under General John Burgoyne.
The veteran British troops outflanked the fort, and only at the last minute did the garrison, including the 3d New Hampshire, escape capture by making a dangerous night.
The American retreat lasted through the early summer until a combination of British transportation difficulties and delaying tactics employed by the Continentals finally slowed the enemy advance.
This delay allowed time for a mass mobilization of New England militia, including a New Hampshire Regiment of volunteers led by John Langdon and Gilman's father.
It also provided Major General Horatio Gates with time to establish new positions near Saratoga, New York, to block Burgoyne's further advance, and then, once Gates had a numerical advantage, to cut off the British line of withdrawal to Canada.
Less than a week after the British surrender, the 3rd New Hampshire set out to reinforce Washington's main army near Philadelphia.
The American capital had recently fallen to a larger British force, and the New Englanders had to spend a harsh winter in the snows of Valley Forge.
That winter encampment put the units of the Continental Army to their supreme test, a time of suffering and deprivation from which they emerged as a tough, professional combat team.
His duties in carrying out the myriad tasks necessary to keep a force in the field placed him in daily contact with Washington, Steuben, Knox, Greene, and others.
He personally saw action in the remaining battles fought by Washington's main army, including Monmouth and Yorktown, while continuing to hold his captain's commission in the New Hampshire Line.
The death of Colonel Scammell, however, during the preliminary skirmishing before Yorktown robbed him of much of the joy of that great victory.
Following the death of his father in late 1783, he retired from military service and returned to Exeter to assume control of the family's business.
At the close of the Revolution, Gilman was elected one of the 31 Original Members of the Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Hampshire on February 5, 1784.
Gilman's service as a Continental Army officer had exposed him to many of the ideas of such prominent nationalists as Washington and Alexander Hamilton.
Their influence, his family's own tradition of service, and his special skill at organization all combined to divert the young veteran into a political career.
Although he was unable to attend, his selection recognized Gilman's emergence as a nationalist spokesman since the convention had been called specifically to address the country's serious economic problems and the inability of the separate states or Congress to solve them.
The outbreak of unrest and latent insurrection in western Massachusetts in late 1786 further strengthened Gilman's commitment to changing the Articles of Confederation.
Although he and fellow New Hampshire delegate John Langdon, his father's former commanding officer, reached Philadelphia after the proceedings were well under way, they both immediately joined in the debates and helped hammer out the compromises needed to produce a document that might win approval in every state and region.
During the subsequent struggle to secure New Hampshire's ratification of the Constitution, Gilman remained in New York as a member of the Continental Congress but he kept in close touch with his brother, John, who was one of the leaders of the states ratification forces.
Working in tandem, the brothers used all of their considerable political influence to engineer a narrow 57-47 victory in the final vote.
When the First Congress of the new United States of America convened in New York in 1789, Gilman was in attendance as a member of the House of Representatives, a seat he filled for four terms.
John Gilman became governor, a post he would hold for fourteen terms while a younger brother embarked on a career in the state legislature.
Ever a staunch nationalist, he had supported the Federalists while that party led the fight for a more binding union of the states.
However, once that concept was firmly established, Gilman became increasingly concerned with the need to protect the common man from abuses of power by government.
On June 17, 1812, he voted against the war against Britain, but the Senate voted 19 to 13 for the war.
He remained an influential member of the Senate until his death in 1814 while he was returning home from Washington during a recess.
Those modest words typified this eminently practical Soldier-Statesman, but his modesty failed to mask the justifiable pride he obviously felt in the accomplishment of the Founding Fathers in which Gilman had played no small part.
The Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), formerly AppleTalk Filing Protocol, is a proprietary network protocol, and part of the Apple File Service (AFS), that offers file services for macOS and the classic Mac OS.
In macOS, AFP is one of several file services supported, with others including Server Message Block (SMB), Network File System (NFS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and WebDAV.
AFP currently supports Unicode file names, POSIX and access control list permissions, resource forks, named extended attributes, and advanced file locking.
AFP versions 3.0 and greater rely exclusively on TCP/IP (port 548) for establishing communication, supporting AppleTalk only as a service discovery protocol.
It also increased the maximum share point size from four gibibytes to two tebibytes, although the maximum file size that could be stored remained at two gibibytes due to limitations in the original Mac OS.
Changes made in AFP since version 3.0 represent major advances in the protocol, introducing features designed specifically for Mac OS X clients.
However, like the AppleShare client in original Mac OS, the AFP client in Mac OS X continues to support type and creator codes, along with filename extensions.
Version 3.0 supported a maximum share point and file size of two tebibytes, the maximum file size and volume size for Mac OS X until version 10.2.
AFP 3.1 was introduced in Mac OS X Server version 10.2. Notable changes included support for Kerberos authentication, automatic client reconnect, NFS resharing, and secure AFP connections via Secure Shell (SSH).
The maximum share point and file size increased to 8 tebibytes with Mac OS X Server 10.2, and then to 16 tebibytes with Mac OS X Server 10.3.
Maximum share point size is at least 16 tebibytes, although Apple has not published a limits document for Mac OS X Server 10.4.
AFP 3.2+ was introduced in Mac OS X Leopard and adds case sensitivity support and improves support for Time Machine (synchronization, lock stealing, and sleep notifications).
AFP 3.4, introduced in OS X Mountain Lion, includes a minor change in the mapping of POSIX errors to AFP errors.
In Mac OS X Tiger, users can connect to AFP servers by browsing for them in the Network globe or entering an AFP Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into the Connect to Server dialog.
In Mac OS X 10.4, users can share the contents of their Public folders by checking Personal File Sharing in the Sharing section of System Preferences.
John Leverett (baptized 7 July 1616 – 16 March 1678/79) was an English colonial magistrate, merchant, soldier and the penultimate governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
He also believed the colonial government was not within the power of the English crown and government, a politically hardline position that contributed to the eventual revocation of the colonial charter in 1684.
However, he was popular with his troops, and was repeatedly elected governor of the colony from 1673 until his death in 1679.
He oversaw the colonial actions in King Philip's War, and expanded the colony's territories by purchasing land claims in present-day Maine.
His father, Thomas Leverett, was a close associate of John Cotton, the church's Puritan pastor, and served as one of the church's elders.
By the early 1630s Leverett's father was an alderman in Boston, and had acquired, in partnership with John Beauchamp of the Plymouth Council for New England, a grant now known as the Waldo Patent for land in what is now the state of Maine.
The Artillery Company was a focal point in the colony for people who disagreed with the orthodoxy of the colony's Puritan leaders.
In the 1640s, Gibbons convinced Governor John Winthrop to allow Massachusetts volunteers to assist French Acadian Governor Charles de la Tour in his dispute with Charles de Menou d'Aulnay.
Gibbons had negotiated exclusive trading privileges with la Tour in exchange for this help, and Leverett was also able to secure preferential trading privileges with the French.
In about 1644 Leverett went to England, where he fought in the Parliamentary cause for Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War.
He would pursue the idea politically, often in the face of opposition from the conservative Puritan leadership of Massachusetts that opposed religious views that did not accord with their narrow views.
He specifically opposed the Cambridge Platform describing New England church orthodoxy, and opposed punishments of nonconforming individuals when he sat as a deputy in the Massachusetts general court (the colonial legislature).
In 1642 Leverett and Edward Hutchinson were sent as diplomatic envoys to negotiate with the Narragansett chief Miantonomoh amid concerns that all of the local Indian tribes were conspiring to wage war on the English colonists.
He was elected as one of Boston's two representatives in the colony's general court in 1651, and served a brief stint as Speaker of the House.
Leverett was a popular leader of the colonial militia, something that resulted in an unusual situation caused by the colony's militia laws.
The colony had voted to limit the size of its militia companies, and restricted their officers to hold only one post.
In 1652, when Leverett was captain of a Suffolk County company of horse, he was also elected as a captain of one of Boston infantry companies as well as captain of the Artillery Company of Massachusetts.
The colonial magistrates refused to grant him an exemption from the rule, and he was required to give up the Boston post.
He was, apparently, allowed to retain his captaincy of the Artillery Company as the company was exempt from regulations governing the militia.
Governor John Endecott in 1652 sent a survey party to determine the colony's northern boundary, which was specified by the charter to be north of the Merrimack River.
This survey party discovered (incorrectly) that the northern limit of the Merrimack was near what is now known as Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire.
Endecott sent Leverett as one of several commissioners to negotiate the inclusion of these settlements into the colonial government, which resulted in the eventual formation of York County, Massachusetts.
Leverett became interested in developing more land in Maine as result of this and other official visits, and invested in a significant amount of land there, over and above the lands inherited from his father.
It is unclear, given the overlap with his governance in Acadia, when he actually went to England, but he served in this capacity until 1662.
During the 1650s when Cromwell was Lord Protector the colony benefited from the relationship he had cultivated with Cromwell during the civil war.
In particular, Cromwell took no steps to enforce the 1651 Navigation Act against the colony's merchants, and also overlooked complaints about the colony's repressive tactics against religious nonconformists.
Word of this arrived in the New World in 1652, and rumors flew around the English colonies of New England that the Dutch in New Amsterdam were conspiring with all of the region's Indians to make war against them.
Leverett and Robert Sedgwick both saw a significant benefit for their trading operations if the Dutch could be eliminated as competitors, and lobbied for military action against New Amsterdam, although religious moderates like Simon Bradstreet were opposed to it.
Leverett was one of the commissioners sent in 1653; he took careful note of the colony's defenses while he was there.
The New Haven Colony petitioned the Commonwealth government of Oliver Cromwell for assistance against the Dutch threat, a position supported by Leverett, who went to England with Sedgwick in 1653 to press the colonial case for war.
Cromwell responded by giving Sedgwick a commission as military commander of the New England coast, and sent him and Leverett with several ships and some troops to make war on the Dutch.
Sedgwick took advantage of his commission to act instead against the French in neighboring Acadia, which was home to privateers who preyed on English shipping.
During this time he and Sedgwick enforced a virtual trade monopoly on French Acadia for their benefit, leading some in the colony to view Leverett as a predatory opportunist.
Although Cromwell authorized payment, he made it contingent on the colony performing an audit of Leverett's finances, which never took place.
From 1663 to 1673 he held the rank of major-general of the Massachusetts militia, and was repeatedly elected as a deputy to the general court or to the council of assistants.
He was also again sent to the colonial settlements of New Hampshire and southern Maine, where some colonists had objected to Massachusetts rule and arrested colonial officials.
They were instructed to gain the colony's agreement to terms demanded by Charles in a letter he sent to the colonial government in 1662, in which he instructed the colony to adopt more tolerant religious laws, and to enforce the Navigation Acts.
The arrival of the commissioners was of some concern to the government, and Leverett was placed on a committee to draft a petition to the king demanding the commission's recall.
His tenure as governor was chiefly notable because of King Philip's War, and the rising threats to the colonial charter that culminated in its revocation in 1684.
The colony angered the king by purchasing the claims of Sir Ferdinando Gorges to portions of Maine in 1677, a territory Charles had intended to acquire for his son, the Duke of Monmouth.
Baptists were able to openly begin worship in Boston during his tenure, but he has also been criticized by Quaker historians for harsh anti-Quaker laws passed in 1677.
Leverett died in office, reportedly from complications of kidney stones, on 16 March 1678/9, and was interred at the King's Chapel Burying Ground in Boston.
Jean Margaret Laurence (née Wemyss; 1926–1987) was a Canadian novelist and short story writer, and is one of the major figures in Canadian literature.
She was also a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada's writing community.
Margaret Laurence was born Jean Margaret Wemyss on 18 July 1926 in Neepawa, Manitoba, the daughter of solicitor Robert Wemyss and Verna Jean Simpson.
Her mother died when she was four, after which a maternal aunt, Margaret Simpson, came to take care of the family.
In 1944, Laurence attended Winnipeg's United College, an arts and theology college associated with the University of Manitoba, that would later become the University of Winnipeg.
During her first year at United College, Laurence studied in a liberal arts program which included courses in English, History, Ethics, and Psychology.
Laurence's interest in English literature was present even in high school, and her interest in writing her own works continued into her formal education.
Another of Laurence's achievements during her first year of college was being welcomed into the English Club, an organization of senior students who discussed poetry, led by professor Arthur L. Phelps.
This was her first time being around peers who were also passionate about literature, and it was an opportunity for her to expand her knowledge as both scholar and writer.
Laurence's years in college not only shaped her from an academic perspective, they also provided opportunities for her to develop creatively and professionally.
In her senior year of college, Laurence had an increasing number of responsibilities while also continuing to have her own work printed in local publications.
These opportunities encouraged Laurence to hone her craft of writing, while also giving her the tools to work in journalism—as she would do upon graduation.
His job took them to England (1949), the then-British protectorate of British Somaliland (1950–1952), as well as the British colony of the Gold Coast (1952–1957).
The two-year experience of witnessing attempts to drill wells in Somalia's desert, and observing both the social lives of ex-pats and Somalis, would later be documented in her 1963 memoir, The Prophet's Camel Bell.
The family left the Gold Coast just before it gained independence as Ghana in 1957, moving to Vancouver, British Columbia, where they stayed for five years.
She then moved to Elm Cottage (Penn, Buckinghamshire) where she lived for more than ten years, although she visited Canada often.
She committed suicide at her home at 8 Regent St., Lakefield, on January 5, 1987, by taking a drug overdose, documenting her decision in writing up to the time of her death.
Her literary papers are housed in the Clara Thomas Archives at York University in Toronto and at McMaster University's William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections in Hamilton.
One of Canada's most esteemed and beloved authors by the end of her literary career, Laurence began writing short stories in her teenage years while in Neepawa.
Set in a fictional Manitoba small town called Manawaka, the story is narrated by ninety-year-old Hagar Shipley, alternating between her present moments and recollections of her entire life.
Laurence was published by Canadian publishing company McClelland and Stewart, and she became one of the key figures in the emerging Canadian literature tradition.
The Northrop/McDonnell Douglas YF-23 is an American single-seat, twin-engine stealth fighter aircraft technology demonstrator designed for the United States Air Force (USAF).
The design was a finalist in the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) competition, battling the Lockheed YF-22 for a production contract.
In the 1980s, the USAF began looking for a replacement for its fighter aircraft, especially to counter the USSR's advanced Sukhoi Su-27 and Mikoyan MiG-29.
After a four-year development and evaluation process, the YF-22 was announced the winner in 1991 and entered production as the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor.
The U.S. Navy considered using the production version of the ATF as the basis for a replacement to the F-14, but these plans were later canceled.
American reconnaissance satellites first spotted the advanced Soviet Su-27 and MiG-29 fighter prototypes in 1978, which caused concern in the U.S.
In 1981, the USAF requested information from several aerospace companies on possible features for an Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) to replace the F-15 Eagle.
The ATF was to take advantage of emerging technologies, including composite materials, lightweight alloys, advanced flight-control systems, more powerful propulsion systems, and stealth technology.
At the same time, the U.S. Navy, under the Navalized Advanced Tactical Fighter (NATF) program, announced that it would use a derivative of the ATF winner to replace its F-14 Tomcat.
Following proposal submissions, Lockheed, Boeing, and General Dynamics formed a team to develop whichever of their proposed designs was selected, if any.
Both teams were given 50 months to build and flight-test their prototypes, and they were successful, producing the Lockheed YF-22 and the Northrop YF-23.
Northrop drew on its experience with the B-2 Spirit and F/A-18 Hornet to reduce the model's susceptibility to radar and infrared detection.
The USAF initially required the aircraft to land and stop within , which meant the use of thrust reversers on their engines.
It briefly had a red hourglass marking resembling the marking on the underside of the black widow spider before Northrop management had it removed.
The YF-23 was an unconventional-looking aircraft, with diamond-shaped wings, a profile with substantial area-ruling to reduce aerodynamic drag at transonic speeds, and an all-moving V-tail.
It was powered by two turbofan engines with each in a separate engine nacelle with S-ducts, to shield engine axial compressors from radar waves, on either side of the aircraft's spine.
Of the two aircraft built, the first YF-23 (PAV-1) was fitted with Pratt & Whitney YF119 engines, while the second (PAV-2) was powered by General Electric YF120 engines.
As on the B-2, the exhaust from the YF-23's engines flowed through troughs lined with heat-ablating tiles to dissipate heat and shield the engines from infrared homing (IR) missile detection from below.
The first YF-23, with Pratt & Whitney engines, supercruised at Mach 1.43 on 18 September 1990, while the second, with General Electric engines, reached Mach 1.6 on 29 November 1990.
The maximum speed is classified, though sources state a maximum speed greater than Mach 2 at altitude and a supercruise speed greater than Mach 1.6.
The aircraft's weapons bay was configured for weapons launch, and used for testing weapons bay acoustics, but no missiles were fired; Lockheed fired AIM-9 Sidewinder and AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles successfully from its YF-22 demonstration aircraft.
The two contractor teams submitted evaluation results with their proposals in December 1990, and on 23 April 1991, Secretary of the Air Force Donald Rice announced that the YF-22 was the winner.
The Lockheed and Pratt & Whitney designs were rated higher on technical aspects, were considered lower risks, and were considered to have more effective program management.
It has been speculated in the aviation press that the YF-22 was also seen as more adaptable to the Navy's NATF, but by 1992 the U.S. Navy had abandoned NATF.
NASA planned to use one of the aircraft to study techniques for the calibration of predicted loads to measured flight results, but this did not take place.
In 2004, Northrop Grumman proposed a YF-23-based bomber to meet a USAF need for an interim bomber, for which the FB-22 and B-1R were also competing.
The possibility of a YF-23-based interim bomber ended with the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review, which favored a long-range bomber with much greater range.
Japan launched a program to develop a domestic 5th/6th generation (F-3) fighter after the US Congress refused in 1998 to export the F-22.
After a great deal of study and the building of static models, the Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin testbed aircraft flew as a technology demonstrator from 2016.
By July 2018, Japan had gleaned sufficient information, and decided that it would need to bring on-board international partners to complete this project.
One such company that responded was Northrop Grumman and there is speculation that it could offer a modernized version of the YF-23 to Japan.
It carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the putamen and the globus pallidus.
It also separates the caudate nucleus and the putamen in the dorsal striatum, a brain region involved in motor and reward pathways.
The corticospinal tract constitutes a large part of the internal capsule, carrying motor information from the primary motor cortex to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.
Above the basal ganglia the corticospinal tract is a part of the corona radiata, below the basal ganglia the tract is called cerebral crus (a part of the cerebral peduncle) and below the pons it is referred to as the corticospinal tract.
The fibers in this region are named the geniculate fibers; they originate in the motor part of the cerebral cortex and after passing downward through the base of the cerebral peduncle with the cerebrospinal fibers, undergo decussation and end in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side.
It contains the corticobulbar tract, which carries upper motor neurons from the motor cortex to cranial nerve nuclei that mainly govern motion of striated muscle in the head and face.
The anterior two-thirds of the occipital part of the internal capsule contains fibers of the corticospinal tract, which arise in the motor area of the cerebral cortex and, passing downward through the middle three-fifths of the base of the cerebral peduncle, are continued into the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.
These small vessels are particularly vulnerable to narrowing in the setting of chronic hypertension and can result in small, punctate infarctions or intraparenchymal haemorrhage due to vessel rupture.
While symptoms of weakness due to an isolated lesion of the posterior limb can initially be severe, recovery of motor function is sometimes possible due to spinal projections of premotor cortical regions that are contained more rostrally in the internal capsule.
He served as DeWitt Clinton's running mate in the 1812 election, but Clinton and Ingersoll were defeated by James Madison and Elbridge Gerry.
The son of British colonial official Jared Ingersoll Sr., Ingersoll lived in Europe from 1773 to 1776 to avoid the growing political conflict between Britain and the Thirteen Colonies.
In 1778, having committed himself to the cause of American independence, Ingersoll returned to Philadelphia and won election to the Continental Congress.
Ingersoll became convinced of the need for a stronger national government than what was provided by the Articles of Confederation, and he was a delegate to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention.
Though he was initially seeking amendments for the Articles of Confederation, he eventually came to support the new Constitution that was produced by the convention.
His training as a lawyer convinced him that the problems of the newly independent states were caused by the inadequacy of the Articles of Confederation.
He became an early and ardent proponent of constitutional reform, although, like a number of his colleagues at the Constitutional Convention, he believed this reform could be achieved by a simple revision of the Articles.
His major contribution to the cause of constitutional government came not during the Convention, but later during a lengthy and distinguished legal career when he helped define many of the principles enunciated at Philadelphia.
Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Ingersoll was the son of Jared Ingersoll (1722–1781), a prominent British official whose strong Loyalist sentiments would lead to his being tarred and feathered by radical Patriots.
In 1765, the year the Stamp Act was imposed on the colonies in America, the British Crown appointed the elder Jared Ingersoll as Stamp Master, the colonial agent in London, for the colony of Connecticut.
As the next few months passed and animosity over the Stamp Act grew, Ingersoll became the most hated man in the Colony.
On August 21 of that year the Sons of Liberty hung his effigy in New London, Connecticut and in Norwich, Virginia.
He wrote an account of Isaac Barre's speech made during the Parliamentary debate on the Stamp Act to the governor of Connecticut, Thomas Fitch.
The younger Ingersoll completed Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven in 1762, graduated from Yale College in 1766, studied law in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1773.
Although by training and inclination a Patriot sympathizer, the young Ingersoll shied away from the cause at the outset because of a strong sense of personal loyalty to his distinguished father.
On his father's advice, he sought to escape the growing political controversy at home by retiring to London to continue his study of the law at the Middle Temple School (1773–76) and to tour extensively through Europe.
Shortly after the colonies declared their independence, Ingersoll renounced his family's views, made his personal commitment to the cause of independence, and returned home.
With the help of influential friends he quickly established a flourishing law practice, and shortly after he entered the fray as a delegate to the Continental Congress (1780–81).
Always a supporter of strong central authority in political affairs, he became a leading agitator for reforming the national government in the postwar years, preaching the need for change to his friends in Congress and to the legal community.
At the Convention, Ingersoll was counted among those who favored revision of the existing Articles of Confederation, but in the end he joined with the majority and supported a plan for a new federal government.
He served as attorney general of Pennsylvania (1790–99 and 1811–17), as Philadelphia's city solicitor (1798–1801), and as U.S. district attorney for Pennsylvania (1800–1801).
Ingersoll's major contribution to the cause of constitutional government came not during the Convention, but later during a lengthy and distinguished legal career, when he helped define many of the principles enunciated at Philadelphia.
He made his contributions to the Constitutional process through several Supreme Court cases that defined various basic points in Constitutional law during the beginning of the new republic.
Here the court decided against him, ruling that a state may be sued in federal court by a citizen of another state.
In representing Hylton in Hylton v. US (1796), Ingersoll was also involved in the first legal challenge to the constitutionality of an act of Congress.
Ingersoll also served as counsel in various cases that helped clarify constitutional issues concerning the jurisdiction of federal courts and U.S. relations with other sovereign nations, including defending Senator William Blount of Tennessee against impeachment.
Jared Ingersoll died in Philadelphia at the age of 73; interment was in the Old Pine Street Church Cemetery, Fourth and Pine Streets.
Two of the sons, Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll served as members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
His role in the construction of the Erie Canal created accessible Eastern seaboard markets for Midwestern agriculture and he was widely admired by settlers, especially those hailing from New York.
Some of these places may have been named for both DeWitt Clinton and his uncle George Clinton, an important figure in the founding of the United States.
In finance, the yield curve is a curve showing several yields to maturity or interest rates across different contract lengths (2 month, 2 year, 20 year, etc.
The shape of the yield curve indicates the cumulative priorities of all lenders relative to a particular borrower (such as the US Treasury or the Treasury of Japan), or the priorities of a single lender relative to all possible borrowers.
With other factors held equal, lenders will prefer to have funds at their disposal, rather than at the disposal of a third party.
a potential default (or rising rates of inflation), so they demand higher interest rates on long-term loans than they demand on shorter-term loans to compensate for the increased risk.
In general the percentage per year that can be earned is dependent on the length of time that the money is invested.
Yield curves are used by fixed income analysts, who analyze bonds and related securities, to understand conditions in financial markets and to seek trading opportunities.
Yield curves are usually upward sloping asymptotically: the longer the maturity, the higher the yield, with diminishing marginal increases (that is, as one moves to the right, the curve flattens out).
Therefore, under the arbitrage pricing theory, investors who are willing to lock their money in now need to be compensated for the anticipated rise in rates—thus the higher interest rate on long-term investments.
A risk premium is needed by the market, since at longer durations there is more uncertainty and a greater chance of catastrophic events that impact the investment.
This explanation depends on the notion that the economy faces more uncertainties in the distant future than in the near term.
If the market expects more volatility in the future, even if interest rates are anticipated to decline, the increase in the risk premium can influence the spread and cause an increasing yield.
Negative liquidity premiums can also exist if long-term investors dominate the market, but the prevailing view is that a positive liquidity premium dominates, so only the anticipation of falling interest rates will cause an inverted yield curve.
The shape of the yield curve is influenced by supply and demand: for instance, if there is a large demand for long bonds, for instance from pension funds to match their fixed liabilities to pensioners, and not enough bonds in existence to meet this demand, then the yields on long bonds can be expected to be low, irrespective of market participants' views about future events.
The yield curve may also be flat or hump-shaped, due to anticipated interest rates being steady, or short-term volatility outweighing long-term volatility.
The yield curves corresponding to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency are called the government bond yield curve (government curve).
They are the most important and widely used in the financial markets, and are known variously as the LIBOR curve or the swap curve.
For instance the five-year yield curve point for Vodafone might be quoted as LIBOR +0.25%, where 0.25% (often written as 25 basis points or 25) is the credit spread.
This positive slope reflects investor expectations for the economy to grow in the future and, importantly, for this growth to be associated with a greater expectation that inflation will rise in the future rather than fall.
This expectation of higher inflation leads to expectations that the central bank will tighten monetary policy by raising short-term interest rates in the future to slow economic growth and dampen inflationary pressure.
It also creates a need for a risk premium associated with the uncertainty about the future rate of inflation and the risk this poses to the future value of cash flows.
Through much of the 19th century and early 20th century the US economy experienced trend growth with persistent deflation, not inflation.
During this period the yield curve was typically inverted, reflecting the fact that deflation made current cash flows less valuable than future cash flows.
20-year Treasury yield rises much higher than the three-month Treasury yield), the economy is expected to improve quickly in the future.
This type of curve can be seen at the beginning of an economic expansion (or after the end of a recession).
Here, economic stagnation will have depressed short-term interest rates; however, rates begin to rise once the demand for capital is re-established by growing economic activity.
In January 2010, the gap between yields on two-year Treasury notes and 10-year notes widened to 2.92 percentage points, its highest ever.
A flat yield curve is observed when all maturities have similar yields, whereas a humped curve results when short-term and long-term yields are equal and medium-term yields are higher than those of the short-term and long-term.
Under unusual circumstances, investors will settle for lower yields associated with low-risk long term debt if they think the economy will enter a recession in the near future.
Investors who had purchased 10-year Treasuries in 2006 would have received a safe and steady yield until 2015, possibly achieving better returns than those investing in equities during that volatile period.
In addition to potentially signaling an economic decline, inverted yield curves also imply that the market believes inflation will remain low.
However, technical factors, such as a flight to quality or global economic or currency situations, may cause an increase in demand for bonds on the long end of the yield curve, causing long-term rates to fall.
the difference between 10-year Treasury bond rate and the 3-month Treasury bond rate) is included in the Financial Stress Index published by the St. Louis Fed.
the difference between 10-year Treasury bond rates and the federal funds rate) is incorporated into the Index of Leading Economic Indicators published by The Conference Board.
Work by Arturo Estrella and Tobias Adrian has established the predictive power of an inverted yield curve to signal a recession.
Their models show that when the difference between short-term interest rates (they use 3-month T-bills) and long-term interest rates (10-year Treasury bonds) at the end of a federal reserve tightening cycle is negative or less than 93 basis points positive, a rise in unemployment usually occurs.
All the recessions in the US since 1970 (up through 2018) have been preceded by an inverted yield curve (10-year vs 3-month).
Over the same time frame, every occurrence of an inverted yield curve has been followed by recession as declared by the NBER business cycle dating committee.
Table Note: The New York Federal Reserve recession prediction model uses the month average 10 year yield vs the month average 3 month bond equivalent yield to compute the term spread.
Therefore, intra-day and daily inversions do not count as inversions unless they lead to an inversion on a monthly average basis.
However the 10-year vs 3-month portion did not invert until March 22 2019 and it reverted to a positive slope by April 01 2019 (i.e.
Both March and April 2019 had month-average spreads greater than zero basis points despite intra-day and daily inversions in March and April.
Likewise, daily inversions in Sep-1998 did not result in negative term spreads on a month average basis and thus do not constitute a false alarm.
Estrella and others have postulated that the yield curve affects the business cycle via the balance sheet of banks (or bank-like financial institutions).
When the yield curve is inverted, banks are often caught paying more on short-term deposits (or other forms of short-term wholesale funding) than they are making on new long-term loans leading to a loss of profitability and reluctance to lend resulting in a credit crunch.
When the yield curve is upward sloping, banks can profitably take-in short term deposits and make new long-term loans so they are eager to supply credit to borrowers.
This hypothesis assumes that the various maturities are perfect substitutes and suggests that the shape of the yield curve depends on market participants' expectations of future interest rates.
It assumes that market forces will cause the interest rates on various terms of bonds to be such that the expected final value of a sequence of short-term investments will equal the known final value of a single long-term investment.
Using this, futures rates, along with the assumption that arbitrage opportunities will be minimal in future markets, and that futures rates are unbiased estimates of forthcoming spot rates, provide enough information to construct a complete expected yield curve.
For example, if investors have an expectation of what 1-year interest rates will be next year, the current 2-year interest rate can be calculated as the compounding of this year's 1-year interest rate by next year's expected 1-year interest rate.
The liquidity premium theory asserts that long-term interest rates not only reflect investors' assumptions about future interest rates but also include a premium for holding long-term bonds (investors prefer short term bonds to long term bonds), called the term premium or the liquidity premium.
This premium compensates investors for the added risk of having their money tied up for a longer period, including the greater price uncertainty.
Because of the term premium, long-term bond yields tend to be higher than short-term yields and the yield curve slopes upward.
Long term yields are also higher not just because of the liquidity premium, but also because of the risk premium added by the risk of default from holding a security over the long term.
Proponents of this theory believe that short-term investors are more prevalent in the fixed-income market, and therefore longer-term rates tend to be higher than short-term rates, for the most part, but short-term rates can be higher than long-term rates occasionally.
This theory is consistent with both the persistence of the normal yield curve shape and the tendency of the yield curve to shift up and down while retaining its shape.
However, because the supply and demand of the two markets are independent, this theory fails to explain the observed fact that yields tend to move together (i.e., upward and downward shifts in the curve).
On 15 August 1971, U.S. President Richard Nixon announced that the U.S. dollar would no longer be based on the gold standard, thereby ending the Bretton Woods system and initiating the era of floating exchange rates.
By the middle of the 1970s, encouraged by the head of bond research at Salomon, Marty Liebowitz, traders began thinking about bond yields in new ways.
One important theoretic development came from a Czech mathematician, Oldrich Vasicek, who argued in a 1977 paper that bond prices all along the curve are driven by the short end (under risk neutral equivalent martingale measure) and accordingly by short-term interest rates.
The mathematical model for Vasicek's work was given by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, but has since been discredited because the model predicts a positive probability that the short rate becomes negative and is inflexible in creating yield curves of different shapes.
Vasicek's model has been superseded by many different models including the Hull–White model (which allows for time varying parameters in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process), the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model, which is a modified Bessel process, and the Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework.
Another modern approach is the LIBOR market model, introduced by Brace, Gatarek and Musiela in 1997 and advanced by others later.
In 1996 a group of derivatives traders led by Olivier Doria (then head of swaps at Deutsche Bank) and Michele Faissola, contributed to an extension of the swap yield curves in all the major European currencies.
The team extended the maturity of European yield curves up to 50 years (for the lira, French franc, Deutsche mark, Danish krone and many other currencies including the ecu).
This innovation was a major contribution towards the issuance of long dated zero-coupon bonds and the creation of long dated mortgages.
The example given in the table at the right is known as a LIBOR curve because it is constructed using either LIBOR rates or swap rates.
A LIBOR curve is the most widely used interest rate curve as it represents the credit worth of private entities at about A+ rating, roughly the equivalent of commercial banks.
If one substitutes the LIBOR and swap rates with government bond yields, one arrives at what is known as a government curve, usually considered the risk free interest rate curve for the underlying currency.
The spread between the LIBOR or swap rate and the government bond yield, usually positive, meaning private borrowing is at a premium above government borrowing, of similar maturity is a measure of risk tolerance of the lenders.
where formula_8 is as small a vector as possible (where the size of a vector might be measured by taking its norm, for example).
It transpires that the most natural method – that of minimizing formula_9 by least squares regression – leads to unsatisfactory results.
For example, at the short end of the curve, where there are few cashflows, the first few elements of P may be found by bootstrapping from one to the next.
A 10-year bond at purchase becomes a 9-year bond a year later, and the year after it becomes an 8-year bond, etc.
Each year the bond moves incrementally closer to maturity, resulting in lower volatility and shorter duration and demanding a lower interest rate when the yield curve is rising.
Since falling rates create increasing prices, the value of a bond initially will rise as the lower rates of the shorter maturity become its new market rate.
Because a bond is always anchored by its final maturity, the price at some point must change direction and fall to par value at redemption.
When the yield curve is steep, the bond is predicted to have a large capital gain in the first years before falling in price later.
When the yield curve is flat, the capital gain is predicted to be much less, and there is little variability in the bond's total returns over time.
Rising (or falling) interest rates rarely rise by the same amount all along the yield curve—the curve rarely moves up in parallel.
Because longer-term bonds have a larger duration, a rise in rates will cause a larger capital loss for them, than for short-term bonds.
The greater change in rates at the short end will offset to some extent the advantage provided by the shorter bond's lower duration.
The middle of the curve (5–10 years) will see the greatest percentage gain in yields if there is anticipated inflation even if interest rates have not changed.
The yearly 'total return' from the bond is a) the sum of the coupon's yield plus b) the capital gain from the changing valuation as it slides down the yield curve and c) any capital gain or loss from changing interest rates at that point in the yield curve.
Multi-disciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number of disciplines.
The optimum of the simultaneous problem is superior to the design found by optimizing each discipline sequentially, since it can exploit the interactions between the disciplines.
These techniques have been used in a number of fields, including automobile design, naval architecture, electronics, architecture, computers, and electricity distribution.
For example, the proposed Boeing blended wing body (BWB) aircraft concept has used MDO extensively in the conceptual and preliminary design stages.
For example, the aerodynamics experts would outline the shape of the body, and the structural experts would be expected to fit their design within the shape specified.
Between 1970 and 1990, two major developments in the aircraft industry changed the approach of aircraft design engineers to their design problems.
The second was changes in the procurement policy of most airlines and military organizations, particularly the military of the United States, from a performance-centred approach to one that emphasized lifecycle cost issues.
The high-performance personal computer has largely replaced the centralized supercomputer and the Internet and local area networks have facilitated sharing of design information.
Disciplinary design software in many disciplines (such as OptiStruct or NASTRAN, a finite element analysis program for structural design) have become very mature.
Whereas optimization methods are nearly as old as calculus, dating back to Isaac Newton, Leonhard Euler, Daniel Bernoulli, and Joseph Louis Lagrange, who used them to solve problems such as the shape of the catenary curve, numerical optimization reached prominence in the digital age.
There were two schools of structural optimization practitioners using gradient-based methods during the 1960s and 1970s: optimality criteria and mathematical programming.
The method of usable feasible directions, Rosen's gradient projection (generalized reduce gradient) method, sequential unconstrained minimization techniques, sequential linear programming and eventually sequential quadratic programming methods were common choices.
The gradient methods unique to the MDO community derive from the combination of optimality criteria with math programming, first recognized in the seminal work of Fleury and Schmit who constructed a framework of approximation concepts for structural optimization.
They recognized that optimality criteria were so successful for stress and displacement constraints, because that approach amounted to solving the dual problem for Lagrange multipliers using linear Taylor series approximations in the reciprocal design space.
In combination with other techniques to improve efficiency, such as constraint deletion, regionalization, and design variable linking, they succeeded in uniting the work of both schools.
This approximation concepts based approach forms the basis of the optimization modules in modern structural design software such as Altair – Optistruct, ASTROS, MSC.Nastran, PHX ModelCenter, Genesis, iSight, and I-DEAS.
Vanderplaats initiated a second generation of high quality approximations when he developed the force approximation as an intermediate response approximation to improve the approximation of stress constraints.
At present, many researchers are striving to arrive at a consensus regarding the best modes and methods for complex problems like impact damage, dynamic failure, and real-time analyses.
The exploration of decomposition methods has continued in the last dozen years with the development and comparison of a number of approaches, classified variously as hierarchic and non hierarchic, or collaborative and non collaborative.
Approximation methods spanned a diverse set of approaches, including the development of approximations based on surrogate models (often referred to as metamodels), variable fidelity models, and trust region management strategies.
Response surface methodology, developed extensively by the statistical community, received much attention in the MDO community in the last dozen years.
A driving force for their use has been the development of massively parallel systems for high performance computing, which are naturally suited to distributing the function evaluations from multiple disciplines that are required for the construction of response surfaces.
Distributed processing is particularly suited to the design process of complex systems in which analysis of different disciplines may be accomplished naturally on different computing platforms and even by different teams.
They also have benefited from the availability of massively parallel high performance computers, since they inherently require many more function evaluations than gradient-based methods.
Like response surface methods and evolutionary algorithms, RBO benefits from parallel computation, because the numeric integration to calculate the probability of failure requires many function evaluations.
Professor Ramana Grandhi used appropriate normalized variables about the most probable point of failure, found by a two-point adaptive nonlinear approximation to improve the accuracy and efficiency.
Utility-based probability maximization (Bordley and Pollock, Operations Research, Sept, 2009, pg.1262) was developed in response to some logical concerns (e.g., Blau's Dilemma) with reliability-based design optimization.
This approach focuses on maximizing the joint probability of both the objective function exceeding some value and of all the constraints being satisfied.
Because it changes the constrained optimization problem associated with reliability-based optimization into an unconstrained optimization problem, it often leads to computationally more tractable problem formulations.
In the marketing field there is a huge literature about optimal design for multiattribute products and services, based on experimental analysis to estimate models of consumers' utility functions.
Respondents are presented with alternative products, measuring preferences about the alternatives using a variety of scales and the utility function is estimated with different methods (varying from regression and surface response methods to choice models).
Design variables can be continuous (such as a wing span), discrete (such as the number of ribs in a wing), or boolean (such as whether to build a monoplane or a biplane).
An example of a constraint in aircraft design is that the lift generated by a wing must be equal to the weight of the aircraft.
In addition to physical laws, constraints can reflect resource limitations, user requirements, or bounds on the validity of the analysis models.
They may be empirical models, such as a regression analysis of aircraft prices, theoretical models, such as from computational fluid dynamics, or reduced-order models of either of these.
Therefore, in analysing a wing, the aerodynamic and structural analyses must be run a number of times in turn until the loads and deformation converge.
where formula_6 is an objective, formula_1 is a vector of design variables, formula_8 is a vector of inequality constraints, formula_9 is a vector of equality constraints, and formula_10 and formula_11 are vectors of lower and upper bounds on the design variables.
Also, no existing solution method is guaranteed to find the global optimum of a general problem (see No free lunch in search and optimization).
Stochastic methods, like simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, will find a good solution with high probability, but very little can be said about the mathematical properties of the solution.
The Present and the Past (1953) is a novel by Ivy Compton-Burnett about the head of a family who, although outwardly powerful and in charge, is suffering under the fact that he is being belittled and at some point even outright ignored by family and servants alike.
After five years of marriage, Cassius Clare and his wife Catherine cannot bear each other any longer and decide to get a divorce.
Although the separation is basically amicable, it is Cassius Clare's condition that Catherine leave their two sons—Fabian, aged four, and Guy, aged two—under his custody and never see them again.
In the meantime Cassius Clare has remarried and has had three more children by the second Mrs Clare: eight-year-old Henry, seven-year-old Megan, and Tobias, aged three.
With the help of a head nurse, a nursemaid, and a governess, Flavia Clare has been a perfect mother to all five children, never drawing a line between her own flesh and blood and the two oldest children by her husband's first marriage.
But when Fabian and Guy learn about their natural mother's plans, the biological bond proves to be stronger than any care that could be given them by their stepmother, and they want to meet her.
Cassius Clare, in an awkward position of wanting to please each member of his family, agrees to Catherine's wish, although right from the start it is clear to all members of the family that she will want to see her two sons on a regular basis once the first meeting has taken place.
This feeling is enhanced when, casually conversing with his sons, he realises that they do not think highly of him either.
Similarly, three-year-old Tobias's favourites turn out to be Catherine, Bennet, the head nurse; his sister Megan; and William, the middle-aged gardener.
His only comfort is his father, a man of over 70 who has moved in with his son's family after his wife's death and who is just waiting for his own.
Clare actually discusses with his father how the family might react if he committed suicide and how the natural order of things would be turned upside down if he died before his own father.
When people keep paying no attention whatsoever to him, Cassius Clare takes his father's pills, ten of which taken together constitute a lethal dose.
A doctor is called for, but he cannot do anything about Clare's condition: the patient just has to wait until the effects of the drug wear off.
Everybody, including the servants, are embarrassed that the head of the family is both weak and a liar, and after Clare's speedy recovery he is appalled to find out that he is still not given the amount of love and attention he thinks he is entitled.
When, obviously only a few days later, Ainger finds him lying on the sofa in very much the same manner as during his faked suicide attempt, the butler does not do anything about it: he neither calls the doctor, nor does he inform Flavia about her husband's state.
When the family eventually do start worrying about Clare's health the latter is already dead: now it turns out that, at the age of 52, he has had a heart attack (or something like that), that his life could have been saved but that he has just been left dying without any help.
Although they do not blame each other or themselves for Clare's death, they all agree that the two women could not possibly go on living under the same roof and raising their five children together.
Catherine is prepared to leave the house for good, but on condition that she can take her two sons with her if they wish to go.
Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule.
For example, the borrower may have to pay interest at a fixed rate once a year, and to repay the principal amount on maturity.
Fixed-income securities can be contrasted with equity securities – often referred to as stocks and shares – that create no obligation to pay dividends or any other form of income.
In order for a company to grow its business, it often must raise money – for example, to finance an acquisition; to buy equipment or land; or to invest in new product development.
The company can give up equity by issuing stock, or can promise to pay regular interest and repay the principal on the loan (bonds or bank loans).
Whereas equities, such as common stock, trade on exchanges or other established trading venues, many fixed-income securities trade over-the-counter on a principal basis.
If an issuer misses a payment on a fixed income security, the issuer is in default, and depending on the relevant law and the structure of the security, the payees may be able to force the issuer into bankruptcy.
In contrast, if a company misses a quarterly dividend to stock (non-fixed-income) shareholders, there is no violation of any payment covenant, and no default.
This can include income derived from fixed-income investments such as bonds and preferred stocks or pensions that guarantee a fixed income.
Securitized bank lending (e.g., credit card debt, car loans or mortgages) can be structured into other types of fixed income products such as ABS – asset-backed securities which can be traded on exchanges just like corporate and government bonds.
For example, a retired person might like to receive a regular dependable payment to live on like gratuity, but not consume principal.
This person can buy a bond with their money, and use the coupon payment (the interest) as that regular dependable payment.
This is defined such that if all future interest and principal repayments are discounted back to the present, at an interest rate equal to the gross redemption yield (gross means pre-tax), then the discounted value is equal to the current market price of the bond (or the initial issue price if the bond is just being launched).
Fixed income investments such as bonds and loans are generally priced as a credit spread above a low-risk reference rate, such as LIBOR or U.S. or German Government Bonds of the same duration.
For example, if a 30-year mortgage denominated in US dollars has a gross redemption yield of 5% per annum and 30 year US Treasury Bonds have a gross redemption yield of 3% per annum (referred to as the risk free yield), the credit spread is 2% per annum (sometimes quoted as 200 basis points).
Risk free interest rates are determined by market forces and vary over time, based on a variety of factors, such as current short-term interest rates, e.g.
base rates set by central banks such as the US Federal Reserve, the Bank of England in the UK, and the Euro Zone ECB.
If the coupon on the bond is lower than the yield, then its price will be below the par value, and vice versa.
In buying a bond, one is buying a set of cash flows, which are discounted according to the buyer's perception of how interest and exchange rates will move over its life.
Insurance companies and pension funds usually have long term liabilities that they wish to hedge, which requires low risk, predictable cash flows, such as long dated government bonds.
The interest and principal repayments under this type of bond are adjusted in line with a Consumer Price Index (in the US this is the CPI-U for urban consumers).
The Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer is the Hugo Award given each year for writers of works related to science fiction or fantasy which appeared in low- or non-paying publications such as semiprozines or fanzines or in generally available electronic media during the previous calendar year.
There is no restriction that the writer is not also a professional author, and several such authors have won the award for their non-paying works.
The writers with the most nominations without winning are Evelyn C. Leeper, who was nominated twelve times in a row from 1990 through 2001, and Steven H Silver, whose twelve nominations span 2000-2013.
The Hugo Awards are presented every year by the World Science Fiction Society for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year.
To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1946, 1951, and 1954, and the fan writer award has been given each time.
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event.
The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie.
The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated.
Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.
Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.
Entries with a blue background and an asterisk (*) next to the writer's name have won the award; those with a white background are the nominees on the short-list.
In some years writers who received sufficient nominations to be listed on the ballot declined; these are marked as withdrawn in the entry and are not listed on the main Hugo Award site.
The 1939, 1941, 1943, and 1944 awards were given 75 years later; the other three awards were given 50 years later.
c. 102 (known as the Reform Act 1867 or the Second Reform Act) was a piece of British legislation that enfranchised part of the urban male working class in England and Wales for the first time.
Before the Act, only one million of the seven million adult men in England and Wales could vote; the Act immediately doubled that number.
Moreover, by the end of 1868 all male heads of household were enfranchised as a result of the end of compounding of rents.
It was thus only 27 years after the initial, quite modest, Great Reform Act that leading politicians thought it prudent to introduce further electoral reform.
Following an unsuccessful attempt by Benjamin Disraeli to introduce a reform bill in 1859, Lord John Russell, who had played a major role in passing the 1832 Reform Act, attempted this in 1860; but the Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, a fellow Liberal, was against any further electoral reform.
The Union victory in the American Civil War in 1865 emboldened the forces in Britain that demanded more democracy and public input into the political system, to the dismay of the upper class landed gentry who identified with the US Southern States planters and feared the loss of influence and a popular radical movement.
In 1866 Russell (Earl Russell as he had been since 1861, and now Prime Minister for the second time), introduced a Reform Bill.
When it came to the vote, however, this bill split the Liberal Party: a split partly engineered by Benjamin Disraeli, who incited those threatened by the bill to rise up against it.
On one side were the reactionary conservative Liberals, known as the Adullamites; on the other were pro-reform Liberals who supported the Government.
The Conservatives formed a ministry on 26 June 1866, led by Lord Derby as Prime Minister and Disraeli as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
They were faced with the challenge of reviving Conservatism: Palmerston, the powerful Liberal leader, was dead and the Liberal Party split and defeated.
Thanks to manoeuvring by Disraeli, Derby's Conservatives saw an opportunity to be a strong, viable party of government; however, there was still a Liberal majority in the House of Commons.
The Adullamites were anti-reform, as were the Conservatives, but the Adullamites declined the invitation to enter into Government with the Conservatives as they thought that they could have more influence from an independent position.
Despite the fact that he had blocked the Liberal Reform Bill, in February 1867, Disraeli introduced his own Reform Bill into the House of Commons.
By this time the attitude of many in the country had ceased to be apathetic regarding reform of the House of Commons.
Huge meetings, especially the ‘Hyde Park riots', and the feeling that many of the skilled working class were respectable, had persuaded many that there should be a Reform Bill.
The Reform League, agitating for universal suffrage, became much more active, and organized demonstrations of hundreds of thousands of people in Manchester, Glasgow, and other towns.
Thousands of troops and policemen were prepared, but the crowds were so huge that the government did not dare to attack.
Faced with the possibility of popular revolt going much further, the government rapidly included into the bill amendments which enfranchised far more people.
Consequently, the bill was more far-reaching than any Members of Parliament had thought possible or really wanted; Disraeli appeared to accept most reform proposals, so long as they did not come from William Ewart Gladstone.
An amendment tabled by the opposition (but not by Gladstone himself) trebled the new number entitled to vote under the bill; yet Disraeli simply accepted it.
The final proposals were as follows: a borough franchise for all who paid rates in person (that is, not compounders), and extra votes for graduates, professionals and those with over £50 savings.
However, Gladstone attacked the bill; a series of sparkling parliamentary debates with Disraeli resulted in the bill becoming much more radical.
Having been given his chance by the belief that Gladstone's bill had gone too far in 1866, Disraeli had now gone further.
Disraeli was able to persuade his party to vote for the bill on the basis that the newly enfranchised electorate would be grateful, and would vote Conservative at the next election.
Three of these (Honiton, Thetford, Wells) had two MPs, but had been due to have their representation halved under the terms of the 1867 Act.
Three further boroughs (Honiton, Thetford, Wells) were also due to have their representation halved under the 1867 Act, but before this reduction took effect they were disenfranchised altogether by the 1868 Scottish Reform Act as noted above.
The reforms for Scotland and Ireland were carried out by two subsequent acts, the Representation of the People (Ireland) Act 1868 and the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1868.
Two existing county constituencies were merged into one, giving an overall increase of seven members; this was offset by seven English boroughs (listed above) being disenfranchised, leaving the House with the same number of members.
The unprecedented extension of the franchise to all householders effectively gave the vote to many working class men, quite a considerable change.
Jonathan Parry described this as a 'borough franchise revolution'; the traditional position of the landed gentry in parliament would no longer be assured by money, bribery and favours; but by the whims and wishes of the public.
The franchise provisions were flawed; the act did not address the issues of compounding and of not being a ratepayer in a household.
The compounding of rates and rents was made illegal, after it was abolished in a bill tabled by Liberal Grosvenor Hodgkinson (this meant that all tenants would have to pay rates directly and thus qualify for the vote).
The preparation of the register was still left to easily manipulated party organisers who could remove opponents and add supporters at will.
The Liberal Party was worried about the prospect of a socialist party taking the bulk of the working-class vote, so they moved to the left, while their rivals the Conservatives initiated occasional intrigues to encourage socialist candidates to stand against the Liberals.
Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria of Austria-Teschen (21 May 1863 – 30 December 1954) was an Archduke of Austria and a Prince of Hungary and Bohemia.
Eugen was the son of Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen) and of his wife Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria.
At the Palais Erzherzog Albrecht (Archduke Albrecht's Palace, also known as the Albrechtspalais) in Vienna, Eugen received instruction in all the military subjects in addition to languages, music and the history of art.
At the age of 14 in keeping with the family tradition and like his elder brother Friedrich, he also began his military career with the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger Regiment and was commissioned as a Leutnant on the 27 October 1877.
Shortly thereafter he was transferred as an Oberleutnant to a hussar regiment and in the following years participated in many lengthy manoeuvres.
In 1882, Eugen took an examination before a commission assembled by Archduke Albrecht that verified his suitability to attend the military academy at Wiener Neustadt.
Eugen became then the sole archduke to attend the several year long course at the academy (1883–1885) and subsequently successfully graduated as a fully trained general staff officer.
He commanded a battalion of Infantry Regiment 13 as a lieutenant colonel before assuming command of the entire regiment as a colonel.
Following a further regimental assignment as commanding officer of Hussar regiment 13, he assumed command of an infantry brigade in Olmütz and then a division in Vienna.
In 1900 he was appointed to the command of XIV Army Corps in Innsbruck and promoted to General der Kavallerie on 27 April 1901.
When in 1909 the possibility of a war against Serbia was in the air he alongside Archduke Franz Ferdinand and General Albori was named as a presumptive army commander.
He had urgently recommended Feldmarschallleutnant Conrad von Hötzendorf, his divisional commander at Innsbruck as the successor to the retiring chief of the general staff — General Beck-Rzikowsky.
Conrad von Hötzendorf however suggested in his memoirs that Archduke Franz Ferdinand had become increasingly jealous of the importance of Eugen.
In addition to his military career above all else, Eugen was called upon to perform his duty as the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
When Archduke Wilhelm suddenly died, Eugen was enthroned as the new Hoch- und Deutschmeister on 19 November 1894 and in this office he also proved himself very effective.
He further developed the institution of the volunteer nursing care (Marianer), founded new hospitals and improved the training of the sisters.
He was however at first palmed off with a relatively unimportant post as the patron of the voluntary war welfare organization.
Finally he was transferred in December 1914 to replace Oskar Potiorek and assume the post of commander of the forces in the Balkans with his headquarters at Peterwardein.
Together with his chief of Staff, Feldmarschall-Leutnant Alfred Krauss, a very talented military theoretician with a decisive and vigorous character, he reorganized the hard hit 5th Army.
At the same time he managed the rear areas in order to guarantee the best possible supply to the forward troops.
Before the great attack from the South Tyrol which took take place in the Spring of 1916 Eugen assumed command as army group commander of the 11th and 3rd armies and took up headquarters at his cousin's, the Graf von Bozen und Maurer, estate just outside Bozen (Bolzano).
After initial success, the attack had to be broken off in consequence of the danger posed to the Russian front following the Brusilov Offensive of June 1916 and the subsequent transfer of formations to that threatened front.
However, after breaking off the offensive, Archduke Eugen successfully withdrew his troops in the second half of June 1916 into secure positions.
In the further course of the war Eugen had to transfer more and more of his troops to the hard fighting Isonzo Army so that he soon had to manage without reserves in his own theatre of operations.
Although he had only a very limited forces holding the Tyrolean front, he never considered withdrawing further and shortening his line.
Eugen was promoted to Field Marshal on 23 November 1916 and in the middle of March 1917 again took up his work as the commander of the southwest front.
Against the will of the chief of the general staff, Generaloberst Baron Arz von Straußenburg, the Emperor Karl released Eugen from active service on 18 December 1917.
After Russia's withdrawal from the war and the shortening of various other fronts (Isonzo, Carinthia, Dolomites), the senior generals pushed at the Piave.
Eugen still enjoyed high renown and at the end of the war at the beginning of November 1918, the idea of Eugen becoming a regent was introduced.
The last foreign minister Graf Andrassy and the member of parliament Dr. Franz Dinghofer of the German nationalist party had discussed this.
He also received the Swords to both his Large Military Merit Medal and Bronze Military Merit Medal at a later date to the original awards.
Following the collapse of the monarchy Eugen first settled in Lucerne and then at Basel where he lived modestly in a hotel from 1918 to 1934.
He participated at monarchical rallies, attended veterans' meetings and placed himself again at the service of the dynasty even though he himself no longer believed in the restoration.
Eugen received, probably with the intervention of Hermann Göring and other senior military figures, a rented house at Hietzing where he survived the Second World War.
In 1945, he fled to the Tyrol where he received through the French occupying power a small rented villa at Igls.
Eugen died on 30 December 1954 at Meran, at the time part of Italy, surrounded by the brothers of his order from Lana.
MkLinux is an open source computer operating system started by the Open Software Foundation Research Institute and Apple Computer in February 1996 to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and Macintosh computers.
The OSF Institute, owner of the Mach microkernel and several other Unix-based technologies, was interested in promoting Mach on other platforms.
Unlike the design of the later macOS versions 10 and newer (not to be confused with the contemporaneous Mac OS versions 9 and older), MkLinux was specifically meant to take full advantage of the Mach microkernel.
By contrast, macOS inherited from NeXTSTEP the hybrid kernel called XNU, wherein the BSD kernel personality is grafted atop Mach, which are both run together in a single kernel address space for performance improvement.
The effort was spearheaded by Apple's VP of Development Tools Ike Nassi and Brett Halle at Apple, and development was later split between two main people: Michael Burg on device drivers and distribution at Apple in Cupertino, California; and Nick Stephen on Mach porting and development at the OSF in Grenoble, France.
Other key individuals to work on the project included François Barbou at OSF, and Vicki Brown and Gilbert Coville at Apple.
The MkLinux distribution is much too large for casual users to have downloaded via the slow dial-up Internet access of the day, even using 56k modems.
Apple later released the Open Firmware-based Power Macintosh computers, an official PowerPC branch of the Linux kernel was created and was spearheaded by the LinuxPPC project.
MkLinux and LinuxPPC developers traded a lot of ideas back and forth as both worked on their own ways of running Linux.
When Apple dropped support for MkLinux, the developer community struggled to improve the Mach kernel, and to support various Power Macintosh models.
MkLinux continued to be the only option for Macintosh NuBus computers until June 2000, when PPC/Linux for NuBus Power Macs was released.
MkLinux had greater hardware compatibility than LinuxPPC at the time, supporting both NuBus and PCI Macintosh systems whereas LinuxPPC only supports PCI.
The Linux environment was found to provide a potentially adequate desktop suite, but one that forgoes the entire Macintosh experience in favor of pure Linux.
The work done with the Mach 3.0 kernel in MkLinux is said to have been extremely helpful in the initial porting of NeXTSTEP to the Macintosh hardware platform, which would later become macOS.
In the geometry of triangles, the incircle and nine-point circle of a triangle are internally tangent to each other at the Feuerbach point of the triangle.
The Feuerbach point is a triangle center, meaning that its definition does not depend on the placement and scale of the triangle.
Feuerbach's theorem, published by Feuerbach in 1822, states more generally that the nine-point circle is tangent to the three excircles of the triangle as well as its incircle.
A very short proof of this theorem based on Casey's theorem on the bitangents of four circles tangent to a fifth circle was published by John Casey in 1866; Feuerbach's theorem has also been used as a test case for automated theorem proving.
Its center, the incenter of the triangle, lies at the point where the three internal angle bisectors of the triangle cross each other.
It is so called because it passes through nine significant points of the triangle, among which the simplest to construct are the midpoints of the triangle's sides.
Each excircle touches one of these lines from the opposite side of the triangle, and is on the same side as the triangle for the other two lines.
The latter property also holds for the tangency point of any of the excircles with the nine–point circle: the greatest distance from this tangency to one of the original triangle's side midpoints equals the sum of the distances to the other two side midpoints.
The three lines from the vertices of the original triangle through the corresponding vertices of the Feuerbach triangle meet at another triangle center, listed as X(12) in the Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers.
Its range includes what was the demilitarized zone between North and South Vietnam and was subject to intense bombing during the Vietnam War.
They are peaceful, though males constantly challenge one another, harmlessly, and do well with a variety of fish, such as cyprinids, catfish, loaches, and tetras.
The Popish Plot was a conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the Kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria.
Oates alleged that there was an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Charles II, accusations that led to the executions of at least 22 men and precipitated the Exclusion Bill Crisis.
The fictitious Popish Plot must be understood against the background of the English Reformation and the subsequent development of a strong anti-Catholic sentiment among the mostly Protestant population of England.
The English Reformation began in 1533, when King Henry VIII (1509–1547) sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn.
Under Henry's son, Edward VI (1547–1553), the Church of England was transformed into a strictly Protestant body, with many remnants of Catholicism suppressed.
Mary tainted her policy by two unpopular actions: she married her cousin, King Philip II of Spain, where the Inquisition continued, and had 300 Protestants burned at the stake, causing many Englishmen to associate Catholicism with the involvement of foreign powers and religious persecution.
This, and her dubious legitimacy – she was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn – led to Catholic powers not recognising her as queen and favouring her next relative, the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots.
Elizabeth's reign saw Catholic rebellions like the Rising of the North (1569) as well as plots like the Ridolfi Plot (1571) or the Babington Plot (1586), both intending to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary with the help of a Spanish invasion.
This – and Elizabeth's support of the Dutch Revolt in the Spanish Netherlands – triggered Philip II of Spain's attempted invasion with the Spanish Armada (1588).
This reinforced the impression that Catholicism was a foreign element, while the Armada's failure, largely due to unfavorable weather, convinced many Englishmen that God was supportive of Protestantism.
Catholic plotters attempted to topple the Protestant regime of King James I by blowing up both King and parliament during the state opening of parliament.
The magnitude of the plot – had it succeeded most leading government figures would have been killed in one stroke – convinced many Englishmen that Catholics were devious conspirators who would stop at nothing to have their way, thus making allegations about Catholic plots more believable.
Anti-Catholic sentiment was a constant factor in how England perceived the events of the following decades: the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) was seen as an attempt by the Catholic Habsburgs to exterminate German Protestantism.
Under the early Stuart Kings, fears of Catholic conspiracies were rampant and the policies of Charles I – especially his church policies, which had a decidedly high church bent – were seen as pro-Catholic and likely induced by a Catholic conspiracy headed by Charles' Catholic queen, Henrietta Maria of France.
This, together with accounts of Catholic atrocities in Ireland in 1641, triggered the English Civil War (1642–1649), which led to the abolition of the monarchy and a decade of Puritan rule, which espoused religious tolerance for most forms of Protestantism but not for Catholicism.
The restoration of the monarchy in 1660 under King Charles II brought with it a reaction against all religious dissenters, i.e.
Anti-Catholic hysteria flared up lightly during the reign of Charles II, which saw various disasters such as the Great Plague of London (1665) and the Great Fire of London (1666).
After the latter, rumors and propaganda floated around about arson, with Catholics and especially Jesuits as the first to be blamed.
Anti-Catholicism was fueled by doubts about the religious allegiance of the King, who had married a Catholic princess, Catherine of Portugal and formed an alliance with France, then the leading Catholic power in Europe, against the Protestant Netherlands.
Furthermore, Charles' brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, had embraced Catholicism, although his brother forbade him to make any public announcement.
In 1672, Charles issued the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, in which he suspended all penal laws against Catholics and other religious dissenters.
This resulted in growing fears by Protestants of increasing Catholic influence in England and led to conflict with parliament during the 1670s.
In December 1677 an anonymous pamphlet (possibly by Andrew Marvell) spread alarm in London by suggesting that the Pope planned to change the lawful government of England.
Oates and Israel Tonge, a fanatically anti-Catholic clergyman (who was widely believed to be insane), had written a large manuscript that accused the Catholic Church authorities of approving the assassination of Charles II.
The manuscript also named nearly 100 Jesuits and their supporters who were supposedly involved in this assassination plot; nothing in the document was ever proven to be true.
Oates slipped a copy of the manuscript into the wainscot of a gallery in the house of the physician Sir Richard Barker, with whom Tonge was living.
The following day Tonge claimed to find the manuscript, and showed it to an acquaintance, Christopher Kirkby, who was shocked and decided to inform the King.
Kirkby was a chemist and a former assistant in Charles' scientific experiments, and Charles prided himself on being approachable to the general public.
Charles was dismissive but Kirkby stated that he knew the names of assassins who planned to shoot the King and, if that failed, the Queen's physician, Sir George Wakeman, would poison him.
At this stage he was already sceptical, but he was apparently not ready to rule out the possibility that there might be a plot of some sort (otherwise, Kenyon argues, he would not have given these two very obscure men a private audience).
Charles told Kirkby to present Tonge to Thomas Osborne, Lord Danby, Lord High Treasurer, then the most influential of the King's ministers.
Even Charles admitted that given the sheer number of allegations, he could not be certain that none of them was true, and reluctantly agreed.
From the first the King was convinced that Oates was a liar, and Oates did not help his case by claiming to have met the regent of Spain, Don John of Austria.
Questioned by the King, who had met Don John in Brussels in 1656, it became obvious that Oates had no idea what he looked like.
On 6 September Oates was summoned before the magistrate Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey to swear an oath prior to his testimony before the King.
Oates claimed he had been at a Jesuit meeting held at the White Horse Tavern in the Strand, London on April 24, 1678.
The meeting discussed a variety of methods which included: stabbing by Irish ruffians, shooting by two Jesuit soldiers, or poisoning by the Queen's physician, Sir George Wakeman.
Oates and Tonge were brought before the Privy Council later that month, and the Council interrogated Oates for several hours; Tonge, who was generally believed to be mad, was simply laughed at, but Oates made a much better impression on the Council.
On 28 September Oates made 43 allegations against various members of Catholic religious orders – including 541 Jesuits – and numerous Catholic nobles.
He accused Sir George Wakeman and Edward Colman, the secretary to Mary of Modena Duchess of York, of planning the assassination.
Colman was found to have corresponded with the French Jesuit Fr Ferrier, confessor to Louis XIV, outlining his grandiose schemes for obtaining a dissolution of the present Parliament, in the hope of its replacement by a new and pro-French Parliament; in the wake of this revelation he was condemned to death for treason.
The allegations gained little credence until the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, a member of Parliament and strong supporter of Protestantism, to whom Oates had made his first depositions.
His disappearance on 12 October 1678, the finding of his mutilated body on 17 October, and the subsequent failure to solve his murder sent the Protestant population into an uproar.
The murder of Godfrey and the discovery of Edward Coleman's letters provided a solid basis of facts for the lies of Oates and the other informers who followed him.
The contracts appointed officers that would command an army of Catholic supporters to kill Charles II and establish a Catholic monarch.
Tonge was called to testify on October 25, 1678 where he gave evidence on the Great Fire and, later, rumours of another similar plot.
On November 1, both Houses ordered an investigation in which a Frenchman, Choqueux, was discovered to be storing gunpowder in a house nearby.
Oates became more daring and accused five Catholic lords (William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis, William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, William Petre, 4th Baron Petre and John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse) of involvement in the plot.
The King dismissed the accusations as absurd, pointing out that Belasyse was so afflicted with gout that he could hardly stand, while Arundell and Stafford, who had not been on speaking terms for 25 years, were most unlikely to be intriguing together; but Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury had the lords arrested and sent to the Tower on 25 October 1678.
Seizing upon the anti-Catholic tide, Shaftesbury publicly demanded that the King's brother, James, be excluded from the royal succession, prompting the Exclusion crisis.
At the end of the year, the parliament passed a bill, a second Test Act, excluding Catholics from membership of both Houses (a law not repealed until 1829).
On 23 November all Arundell's papers were seized and examined by the Lords' committee; on 3 December the five peers were arraigned for high treason; and on 5 December the Commons announced the impeachment of Arundell.
On 10 April 1679 Arundell and three of his companions (Belasyse was too ill to attend) were brought to the House of Lords to put in pleas against the articles of impeachment.
But on 24 April this plea was voted irregular, and on 26 April the prisoners were again brought to the House of Lords and ordered to amend their pleas.
The trial was fixed for 13 May, but a quarrel between the two houses as to points of procedure, and the legality of admitting the bishops as judges in a capital trial, followed by a dissolution, delayed its commencement until 30 November 1680.
On that day it was decided to proceed first against Lord Stafford, who was condemned to death on 7 December and beheaded on 29 December.
His trial, compared to the other Plot trials, was reasonably fair, but as in all cases of alleged treason at that date the absence of defence counsel was a fatal handicap, and while Oates' credit had been seriously damaged, the evidence of the principal prosecution witnesses, Turberville and Dugdale, struck even fair minded observers like John Evelyn as being credible enough.
Stafford, denied counsel, failed to exploit several inconsistencies in Tuberville's testimony, which a good lawyer might have turned to his client's advantage.
On 30 December, the evidence against Arundell and his three fellow-prisoners was ordered to be in readiness, but their public proceedings stopped.
In fact the death of William Bedloe left the prosecution in serious difficulties, since one protection for a person accused of treason, that there must be two eyewitnesses to an overt act of treason, was observed scrupulously, and only Oates claimed to have any hard evidence against the remaining Lords.
His companions remained there until 12 February 1684 when an appeal to the Court of King's Bench to release them on bail was successful.
On 21 May 1685 Arundell, Powis, and Belasyse came to the House of Lords to present petitions for the annulling of the charges and on the following day the petitions were granted.
On 1 June 1685 their liberty was formally assured on the ground that the witnesses against them had perjured themselves, and on 4 June the bill of attainder against Stafford was reversed.
Anyone even suspected of being Catholic was driven out of London and forbidden to be within ten miles (16 km) of the city.
William Staley, a young Catholic banker, made a drunken threat against the King and within 10 days was tried, convicted and executed for plotting to kill him.
He soon presented new allegations, claiming assassins intended to shoot the King with silver bullets so the wound would not heal.
The public invented their own stories, including a tale that the sound of digging had been heard near the House of Commons and rumours of a French invasion on the Isle of Purbeck.
The evidence of Oates and Bedloe was supplemented by other informers; some like Thomas Dangerfield, were notorious criminals, but others like Stephen Dugdale, Robert Jenison and Edward Turberville were men of good social standing who from motives of greed or revenge denounced innocent victims, and by their apparently plausible evidence made the Plot seem more credible.
As Kenyon points out, the steady protestations of innocence by all of those who were executed eventually took hold in the public mind.
Further, outside London the priests who died were almost all venerable and popular members of the community, and there was widespread public horror at their executions.
Even Lord Shaftesbury came to regret the mass executions, and is said to have quietly ordered the release of certain priests whose families he knew.
The judges gradually began to take a more impartial line, ruling that it was not treason for a Catholic to advocate the conversion of England to the old faith, nor to give financial support to religious houses (although the latter was a criminal offence).
The Plot gained some credence in Ireland, where the two Catholic Archbishops, Plunkett and Talbot were the principal victims, but not in Scotland.
Having had at least twenty-two innocent men executed (the last being Oliver Plunkett, the Catholic Archbishop of Armagh on 1 July 1681), the Chief Justice, William Scroggs began to declare people innocent and the King began to devise countermeasures.
The King, who was notably tolerant of religious differences and generally inclined to clemency, was embittered at the number of innocent men he had been forced to condemn; possibly thinking of the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion, under which he had pardoned many of his former opponents in 1660, he remarked that his people had never previously had cause to complain of his mercy.
At the trial of Sir George Wakeman, and several priests who were tried with him, Scroggs virtually ordered the jury to acquit all of them, and despite public uproar the King made it clear that he approved of Scroggs' conduct.
On 31 August 1681, Oates was told to leave his apartments in Whitehall, but remained undeterred and even denounced the King and the Duke of York.
The Bench which tried him was presided over by the formidable George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, who conducted the trial in such a manner that Oates had no hope of acquittal, and the jury brought in the expected guilty verdict.
The death penalty was not available for perjury and Oates was sentenced to be stripped of clerical dress, whipped through London twice, and imprisoned for life and pilloried every year (the penalties were so severe that it has been argued that Jeffreys was trying to kill Oates by ill-treatment).
At the accession of William of Orange and Mary in 1689, he was pardoned and granted a pension of £260 a year, but his reputation did not recover.
Of the other informers, James II was content merely to fine Miles Prance for his perjury, on the grounds that he was a Catholic and had been coerced by threats of torture into informing.
Thomas Dangerfield was subjected to the same savage penalties as Oates; on returning from his first session in the pillory, Dangerfield died of an eye injury after a scuffle with the barrister Robert Francis., who was hanged for his murder.
John Kenyon points out that European religious orders throughout the Continent were affected since many of them depended on the alms of the English Catholic community for their existence.
Many Catholic priests were arrested and tried because the Privy Council wanted to make sure to catch all of those who might possess information about the supposed plot.
On October 30, 1678, a proclamation was made that required all Catholics who were not tradesmen or property owners to leave London and Westminster.
It was not until the early 19th century that most of the anti-Catholic legislation was removed by the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829; anti-Catholic sentiment remained even longer among politicians and the general populace, although the Gordon Riots of 1780 made it clear to sensible observers that Catholics were far more likely to be the victims of violence than its perpetrators.
Whereas the original was a traditional 2D animated game, the sequels were realised through full motion video and a custom built 3D engine, respectively.
Her work in the hidden object/light adventure category can partially be credited with moving casual games in the direction of full adventure games in puzzle and story sophistication.
The game, originally intended to be developed by Hungarian software house Tonuzaba, switched to another developer, French company Wizarbox in 2008: as a result, the tentative release was changed and shifted to 2010.
On April 5, 2012, Jensen and her husband Robert Holmes announced the formation of Pinkerton Road, a new game development studio to be headquartered on their Lancaster, Pennsylvania farm.
The magazine was launched in 1934 by the Communist Party, USA–affiliated John Reed Club of New York and was initially part of the Communist political orbit.
When the magazine reemerged late in 1937, it came with additional editors and new writers who advanced a political line deeply critical of Stalin's USSR.
By the 1950s the magazine had evolved towards a moderate social democratic and staunchly anti-Communist perspective and was generally supportive of American foreign policy.
The journal moved its offices to the campus of Rutgers University in 1963, then to the campus of Boston University in 1978, gradually losing its cultural relevance.
In 1936 as part of its Popular Front strategy of uniting Communist and non-Communist intellectuals against fascism, the CPUSA launched a new mass organization called the League of American Writers, abandoning the John Reed Clubs as part of the change.
News of the Great Purge in the Soviet Union and of Soviet duplicity in the Spanish Civil War pushed the pair of editors to a new outspokenly critical perspective.
A new cast of editors were brought on board, including Dwight Macdonald and literary critic F. W. Dupee, and a sympathy for Trotskyism began to make itself felt in the magazine's editorial political line.
A new group of left wing writers deeply critical of the Soviet Union began to write for the publication, including James Burnham and Sidney Hook.
Effective with the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939, the magazine began to divorce itself from the Communist movement altogether, including its dissident Trotskyist wing.
Rahv and Phillips gave qualified support to the campaign for American rearmament and the country's preparation for war, opposed by Macdonald and another editor at the time, Clement Greenberg.
Increasingly conservative and nationalist, by the early 1950s the magazine had become devoutly supportive of American virtues and values, although critical of the country's biases and excesses.
In 1953 the magazine found itself in financial difficulties, when one of its primary backstage financial backers, Allan D. Dowling, became embroiled in a costly divorce proceeding.
The financial shortfall was made up by a $2,500 grant from the American Committee for Cultural Freedom (ACCF), a CIA front organization on the executive board of which editor Phillips sat throughout the decade of the 1950s.
In return, the university would gain prestige from association with the well regarded literary journal and make uses of the services of the editor and assistant editor as lecturers in the school's English Department.
This arrangement proved satisfactory for both parties until June 1978, when Phillips approached the University's then mandatory faculty retirement age of 70.
The decision was ultimately made to relocate the magazine's editorial offices to Boston University, where publication would be continued under the editorship of Phillips and Steven Marcus, with Edith Kurzweil remaining as the magazine's Executive Editor.
A standoff resulted and attorneys for both parties hastily came to an agreement by which Phillips was allowed to remove back issues, financial files, and current documents necessary for the magazine's publication to Boston University with Rutgers holding the archival originals until the matter could be legally settled.
In 1944, at the age of eighteen, Holmes joined the army, fighting with the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders regiment in Burma.
He rapidly earned a commission, and as such became the youngest commissioned officer in the entire British army during the Second World War.
The fact that he lied about his age to get into the army was discovered at his commissioning, but apparently the only reaction was by a general who praised him, adding that he had done the same thing himself.
He trained at Hendon Police College, graduating the top of his year and joining the Metropolitan Police in London, serving at Bow Street Police Station.
It was whilst serving as a police officer that Holmes first began to develop an interest in writing as a career.
When giving evidence in court for prosecutions against offenders, he would often note the excitement and frantic work of the journalists reporting on the cases, and decided that he would like to do similar work.
He also filed reports for the Press Association, which could be syndicated to a variety of sources, such as local or foreign newspapers.
This he did, and had a fruitful meeting with the show's then story editor Donald Tosh; but when Tosh left the programme shortly afterwards, the script was forgotten and Holmes moved on to other projects.
At the beginning of the sixth season, there was no slot available for Holmes' script, but the production staff began experiencing a number of problems with scheduled scripts.
This was originally planned to be four episodes long but was extended to become a six-parter when another story fell through.
Holmes and Dicks got on very well, so when Dicks officially took over as script editor he frequently turned to Holmes for contributions.
The previous producer Barry Letts often had Holmes tone down his writing, but Letts's successor Philip Hinchcliffe wanted to take the programme in a darker and more dynamic direction along with the introduction of its new lead actor, Tom Baker.
Despite this, a number of stories came under fire from Mary Whitehouse of the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association for their alleged excessive violence or frightening tone.
The scene was removed from the master tape, and was absent from all rebroadcasts and home releases of the story until it was restored from home recordings for the DVD release.
During this time, Holmes wrote three of his own credited stories for the programme, performed complete ground-up rewrites on at least two other stories (which were broadcast under pseudonyms) and had a strong hand in almost every other script.
It was very much his era of the show, although by 1977 he felt that he had done all he could for the programme.
He had intended to leave at the end of the fourteenth season, but was persuaded to stay on for a short while by the new producer Graham Williams.
While he script-edited the first two stories he commissioned for season 15, he left the third to his successor, Anthony Read.
Holmes wrote two stories for the season, but after its broadcast in 1978, Holmes felt that he needed to distance himself from the programme.
After the rejection of his first outline, he eventually gave up on the assignment (the special was eventually scripted by Terrance Dicks).
The ordeal did lead to a friendship between Saward and Holmes that would eventually lead to Holmes return to the series for the following season.
When it came to writing the final story for the Fifth Doctor (played by Peter Davison), Saward commissioned Holmes to write the storyline as he felt that Holmes's experience would allow him to create an epic departure for Davison and introduction of the Sixth Doctor.
Holmes was a vegetarian, so many themes in the story were deliberately intended to represent his views about eating meat and slaughtering animals for consumption.
Production of the season was far from smooth – the growing tension between Nathan-Turner and Saward, a lack of faith in the production from BBC executives and Holmes's own poor health made the process difficult.
Saward had agreed to write the final episode, but quickly left the production when he and Nathan-Turner were unable to agree on the ending.
Nathan-Turner was forced to stand in as script editor while Pip and Jane Baker (who had written episodes nine through twelve) wrote episode 14.
Holmes' friend, fellow TV writer Roger Marshall, claimed Holmes' work never received the acclaim it deserved because Holmes did most of his work in series television as opposed to television plays or serials.
When the history of television drama comes to be written, Robert Holmes won't be remembered at all because he only wrote genre stuff.
In compiler theory, common subexpression elimination (CSE) is a compiler optimization that searches for instances of identical expressions (i.e., they all evaluate to the same value), and analyzes whether it is worthwhile replacing them with a single variable holding the computed value.
The cost/benefit analysis performed by an optimizer will calculate whether the cost of the store to codice_1 is less than the cost of the multiplication; in practice other factors such as which values are held in which registers are also significant.
The greatest source of CSEs are intermediate code sequences generated by the compiler, such as for array indexing calculations, where it is not possible for the developer to manually intervene.
An excessive number of temporary values creates register pressure possibly resulting in spilling registers to memory, which may take longer than simply recomputing an arithmetic result when it is needed.
Bear Mountain State Park is a state park located on the west bank of the Hudson River in Rockland and Orange counties, New York.
It also includes several facilities such as the Perkins Memorial Tower, the Trailside Museum and Zoo, the Bear Mountain Inn, a merry-go-round, pool, and a skating rink.
Fort Montgomery is adjacent to the north edge of the park while Iona Island Bird Sanctuary is on the eastern edge in the Hudson River.
The park is a separate entity from the adjacent Harriman State Park which runs along the western edge of the park.
During the American Revolution, when control of the Hudson River was viewed by the British as essential to dominating the American territories, the area that was to become the park saw several significant military engagements.
Work was begun in the area near Highland Lake (renamed Hessian Lake) and in January 1909, the state purchased the Bear Mountain tract.
Conservationists inspired by the work of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission lobbied successfully for the creation of the Highlands of the Hudson Forest Preserve, stopping the prison from being built.
Mary Averell Harriman, whose husband, Union Pacific Railroad president E. H. Harriman died in September of that year, offered the state another and one million dollars toward the creation of a state park.
George W. Perkins, with whom she had been working, raised another $1.5 million from a dozen wealthy contributors including John D. Rockefeller and J. Pierpont Morgan.
New York State appropriated a matching $2.5 million and the state of New Jersey appropriated $500,000 to build the Henry Hudson Drive, (which would be succeeded by the Palisades Interstate Parkway in 1947).
Bear Mountain-Harriman State Park became a reality the following year when the prison was demolished and a dock built for steamboat excursion traffic; the following year a new West Shore Railroad station was built near the dock.
Major William A. Welch was hired as Chief Engineer, whose work for the park would win him recognition as the father of the state park movement (and later, the national park movement).
Camping at Hessian Lake (and later at Lake Stahahe) was immensely popular; the average stay was eight days and was a favorite for Boy Scouts.
In the 1930s the federal government under Franklin D. Roosevelt was developing plans to preserve the environment as part of the Depression-era public works programs; the Civil Works Administration and the Works Progress Administration spent five years on projects at the park.
Pump houses, reservoirs, sewer systems, vacation lodges, bathrooms, homes for park staff, storage buildings and an administration building were all created through these programs.
The Palisades Interstate Park Commission began purchasing nearby Doodletown in the 1920s and completed the acquisition with eminent domain in the 1960s.
Originally completed in 1915, the Bear Mountain Inn is an early example of the rustic lodge style influenced by the Adirondack Great Camps and later used extensively in the National Park System.
At the summit, the Perkins Memorial Tower provides a view of four states and the skyline of Manhattan, to the south.
The zoo began as a bear den in 1926 and is currently the home of a wide variety of local injured or rehabilitating animals, including bears, otters, deer, bald eagles, and owls.
The Nature Study Museum was formed in 1921 for the Boy Scouts facility in the park from the original exhibits created by the American Museum of Natural History.
The first section of the Appalachian Trail, taking hikers from Bear Mountain south to the Delaware Water Gap, opened on October 7, 1923 and served as a pattern for the other sections of the trail developed independently by local and regional organizations and later by the federal government.
In 2010, sections of the AT within the park were rebuilt by the New York - New Jersey Trail Conference, with stone steps to handle the 500,000 annual hikers.
Bear Mountain is the location for the County's Championship race as well as the Rockland County Alumni Race, run every year since 1983.
The YF-12 was a twin-seat version of the secret single-seat Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft, which led to the U.S. Air Force's Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird twin-seat reconnaissance variant.
The YF-12 set and held speed and altitude world records of over and over (later surpassed by the SR-71), and is the world's largest, heaviest and fastest manned interceptor to date.
After retirement it served as a research aircraft for NASA, which used it to develop several significant improvements in control for supersonic aircraft, including the SR-71.
As part of the Long Range Interceptor Experimental (LRI-X) program, the North American XF-108 Rapier, an interceptor with Mach 3 speed, was selected.
Kelly Johnson, the head of Skunk Works, proposed to build a version of the A-12 named AF-12 by the company; the USAF ordered three AF-12s in mid-1960.
The main changes involved modifying the A-12's nose by cutting back the chines to accommodate the huge Hughes AN/ASG-18 fire-control radar originally developed for the XF-108 with two infrared search and track sensors embedded in the chine leading edge, and the addition of the second cockpit for a crew member to operate the fire control radar for the air-to-air missile system.
The modifications changed the aircraft's aerodynamics enough to require ventral fins to be mounted under the fuselage and engine nacelles to maintain stability.
The YF-12A was announced in part to continue hiding the A-12, its still-secret ancestor; any sightings of CIA/Air Force A-12s based at Area 51 in Nevada could be attributed to the well-publicized Air Force YF-12As based at Edwards Air Force Base in California.
During flight tests the YF-12As set a speed record of and altitude record of , both on 1 May 1965, and demonstrated promising results with its unique weapon system.
Six successful firings of the AIM-47 missiles were completed, and a seventh failed due to a gyro failure on one of the missiles.
The last one was launched from the YF-12 at Mach 3.2 at an altitude of to a JQB-47E target drone off the ground.
The missile did not have a warhead but still managed to hit the B-47 directly and take a 4-foot section off of its tail.
The Air Force considered it a success and ordered 96 aircraft and had an initial budget of $90 million to further testing, but this was withheld by Secretary of Defense McNamara, who on 23 November 1967 put it towards the much less successful F-106X program that nearly failed.
The successful AIM-47 Falcon missile was increased in size and performance and became the AIM-54 Phoenix missile for the F-14 Tomcat.
One of the Air Force test pilots, Jim Irwin, would go on to become a NASA astronaut and walk on the Moon.
The program was abandoned following the cancellation of the production F-12B, but the YF-12s continued flying for many years with the USAF and with NASA as research aircraft.
Air Force objectives included exploration of its use in a tactical environment, and how airborne early warning and control (AWACS) would control supersonic aircraft.
The NASA tests would answer questions such as how engine inlet performance affected airframe and propulsion interaction, boundary layer noise, heat transfer under high Mach conditions, and altitude hold at supersonic speeds.
The YF-12 and SR-71 originally suffered from severe control issues that affected both the engines and the physical control of the aircraft.
Testing revealed vortices from the nose chines interfering with intake air, which lead to the development of a computer control system for the engine air bypasses.
They also developed a flight engineering computer program called Central Airborne Performance Analyzer (CAPA) that relayed engine data to the pilots and informed them of any faults or issues with performance and indicated the severity of malfunctions.
At such high speeds even minor changes in direction caused the aircraft to change position by thousands of feet, and often had severe temperature and pressure changes.
60-6934 was damaged beyond repair by fire at Edwards AFB during a landing mishap on 14 August 1966; its rear half was salvaged and combined with the front half of a Lockheed static test airframe to create the only SR-71C.
60-6936 was lost on 24 June 1971 due to an in-flight fire caused by a failed fuel line; both pilots ejected safely just north of Edwards AFB.
60-6935 is the only surviving YF-12A; it was recalled from storage in 1969 for a joint USAF/NASA investigation of supersonic cruise technology, and then flown to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio on 17 November 1979.
This SR-71A was re-designated as a YF-12C and given the fictitious Air Force Serial Number 60-6937 from an A-12 to maintain SR-71 secrecy.
The university was founded in Bangkok in 1943 by Tuscan–born art professor Corrado Feroci, who took the Thai name Silpa Bhirasri when he became a Thai citizen.
Its creation owes much to the almost lifetime devotion of Professor Silpa Bhirasri, an Italian sculptor (formerly Corrado Feroci) who was commissioned during the reign of King Rama VI to work in the Fine Arts Department.
He subsequently enlarged his classes to include greater members of the interested public before setting up the School of Fine Arts.
In 1955, the Faculty of Thai Architecture was established, later named the Faculty of Architecture) and two more faculties were created, the Faculty of Archaeology and the Faculty of Decorative Arts.
In 1966, Silpakorn University diversified the four faculties into sub–specializations to broaden its offerings, but the university's Wang Tha Phra campus proved inadequate.
A new campus, Sanam Chandra Palace, was established in Nakhon Pathom Province in the former residential compound of King Rama VI.
The first two faculties based on this campus were the Faculty of Arts in 1968 and the Faculty of Education in 1970.
Later, three more faculties were created: the Faculty of Science in 1972, the Faculty of Pharmacy in 1986, and the Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology in 1992.
In 2001 and 2002, the Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology and the Faculty of Management Science were established on the Phetchaburi Campus.
Opposite the Grand Palace and covering an area of 8 rai, the campus was once the palace of Prince Narisara Nuwattiwong.
Sanam Chandra Palace Campus is on the grounds of Sanam Chandra Palace in Nakhon Pathom which was once the royal pavilion of King Rama VI of Chakri dynasty.
The University has five faculties (schools) for undergraduate education -Liberal Arts, Education, Economics, Science, and Engineering- and four graduate schools -Cultural Science, Education, Economic Science, and Science and Engineering-, all offering programs leading to doctorates as well as master's degrees.
The total enrollment in the university is more than 8,500 with more than 500 overseas students pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate studies .
Okubo campus is the main campus in Saitama university and can be accessed by bus or walking from Minami-Yono Station, Kita-Urawa Station, or Shiki Station.
To provide aspiring overseas students an opportunity to pursue higher education in Japan, International Graduate Program on Civil and Environmental Engineering was launched by the Graduate School of Science and Engineering in 1992.
It offers opportunities to highly qualified students from overseas to pursue graduate studies and do research in various disciplines of environmental science and civil engineering.
The fields of study include Infrastructure Management, Transportation Planning, Environmental Engineering, Ecological Engineering, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Concrete and Material Engineering, Structural and Wind Engineering, Earthquake Engineering.
The graduate program includes courses specially designed for international students, in which class instruction and research supervision are given in English and/or Japanese.
So far, 215 students from different countries have graduated from this program and are now engaged in academic and professional activities in different parts of the world.
Watkins Glen State Park is located in the village of Watkins Glen, south of Seneca Lake in Schuyler County in New York's Finger Lakes region.
It was opened to the public in 1863 and was privately run as a tourist resort until 1906, when it was purchased by New York State.
Initially known as Watkins Glen State Reservation, the park was first managed by the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society before being turned over to full state control in 1911.
Since 1924, it has been managed by the Finger Lakes Region of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
The centerpiece of the park is a narrow gorge cut through rock by a stream – Glen Creek – that was left hanging when glaciers of the Ice age deepened the Seneca valley, increasing the tributary stream gradient to create rapids and waterfalls wherever there were layers of hard rock.
The rocks of the area are sedimentary of Devonian age that are part of a dissected plateau that was uplifted with little faulting or distortion.
The park features three trails – open mid-May to early November – by which one can climb or descend the gorge.
The Southern Rim and Indian Trails run along the wooded rim of the gorge, while the Gorge Trail is closest to the stream and runs over, under and along the park's 19 waterfalls by way of stone bridges and more than 800 stone steps.
The park has comfortable camping sites, as well as picnic tables and pavilions, food, playground, a gift shop, pool, dump stations, showers, recreation programs, tent and trailer sites, fishing, hiking, hunting and cross-country skiing.
During the Pleistocene era, a vast area was covered by ice during the maximum extent of glacial ice in the north polar area.
Around two million years ago the first of many continental glaciers of the Laurentide Ice Sheet moved southward from the Hudson Bay area, initiating the Pleistocene glaciation.
Despite the deep erosion of the valleys, the surrounding uplands show little evidence of glaciation, suggesting that the ice was thin, or at least unable to cause much erosion at these higher altitudes.
The deep cutting of the valleys by the ice left some tributaries hanging high above the lakes: both Seneca and Cayuga have tributaries hanging as much as above the valley floors.
One such hanging valley, overlooking the south end of the Seneca Lake valley, evolved into the deep gorge of Watkins Glen.
The steep drop of Glen Creek into Seneca Valley created a powerful torrent that eroded the underlying rock, cutting further and further back towards the stream's headwaters.
This erosion was not a uniform process: the rock here includes shale, limestone, and sandstone, and these types of rock erode at different rates, leaving behind a staircase of waterfalls, cascades, plunge pools and potholes.
Hamlin Beach State Park is a state park located on the shore of Lake Ontario in the Town of Hamlin in Monroe County, New York, United States.
While under county ownership, a Civilian Conservation Corps camp was constructed at the park, and workers lodged at the camp labored to improve the park's facilities between 1935 and 1941.
During World War II, the site was used as a Prisoner of War camp, housing German POWs between 1944 and 1946.
In 2008, volunteers from the Friends of Hamlin Beach began clearing brush from the grounds of the former CCC/POW camp which is located off of Moscow Road in Hamlin.
Hamlin Beach State Park offers a beach, picnic tables with pavilions, a playground, recreation programs, a nature trail, surfing, hiking and biking, fishing, a campground with 264 tent and trailer sites, ice skating, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, a boat launch, and a food concession.
Boats may be launched from either a designated hand launch north of the Area 1 parking lot or from a car-top launch on the eastern end of the beach near the Yantee Creek parking area.
In 2016, it was announced that Governor Cuomo was giving Hamlin Beach State Park $2.25 Million for a park enhancement program.
The Yanty Creek Nature Trail is on the eastern end of the park and the trailhead is accessible by the park road.
The above-water section of the Nose used to be much larger, but rising lake levels and erosion has drastically reduced the size.
Devil's Nose is the site of many shipwrecks, including the York in December 1799; the C. Reeve on November 22, 1862; the Almira on June 8, 1863; and the John Weeden on October 27, 1869.
Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf, Prinz von Bayern (9 February 1846 – 28 September 1930) was born in Munich, the son of Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria (1821–1912) and his wife Archduchess Augusta of Austria (1825–1864).
Prince Leopold entered the Bavarian Army at the age of 15, and received his patent as a lieutenant dated 28 November 1861.
In 1870, King Ludwig II of Bavaria sent Leopold to the battlefields of France, where the Bavarian Army was fighting alongside the Prussian Army in the Franco-Prussian War.
For his bravery against the enemy he received both the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd Classes, the Bavarian Military Merit Order Knight 1st Class, the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph, Bavaria's highest military decoration, and decorations from several other German states.
He was married on 20 April 1873 at Vienna to his second cousin Archduchess Gisela of Austria, daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and the Empress Elisabeth.
On 4 March 1918, Leopold received yet another high honor, the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded only five times during World War I.
Prince Leopold retired again in 1918 after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which had ended the war on the Eastern Front.
Leopold is also, according to the provisions of the Greek Constitution of 1844, the heir of the deposed King Otto of Greece.
Due to the renunciation by his elder brother Ludwig of all his rights to the Greek succession and since the Greek Constitution forbade the sovereign to be ruler of another country (Ludwig became King of Bavaria), Leopold technically succeeded upon his brother's renunciation to the rights of the deposed Otto I, King of Greece.
Devil's Hole State Park is a state park located in Niagara County, New York, north of the City of Niagara Falls.
Devil's Hole State Park occupies a location that was historically an important portage used by Native Americans to transport canoes around Niagara Falls and rapids on the Niagara River.
The park was opened in 1924, and is one of the oldest state parks in the region, although it was preceded by Niagara Falls State Park.
A popular trail descends into the Niagara River Gorge to allow close access to the rapids below, however off-trail hiking is prohibited due to dangerous conditions.
The park is connected with nearby Whirlpool State Park via the Devil's Hole Trail at the gorge's bottom, as well as a trail along the gorge's rim, which together form a complete loop.
Les Barker is an English poet, who is famous for his comedic poetry and parodies of popular songs, but he has also produced some very serious thought-provoking written works.
Barker is not a singer and the Mrs Ackroyd Band, with classically trained vocalists Hilary Spencer and Alison Younger, with keyboard player Chris Harvey, have enabled his parodies to be sung live.
Like Edgar, Barker has created several recurring characters and themes such as 'Jason and the Arguments', 'Cosmo the Fairly Accurate Knife Thrower', 'Captain Indecisive', 'The Far off Land of Dyslexia' and Spot of the Antarctic, which have become trademarks of Barker's work.
He is also one of the few writers (alongside Stephen Sondheim, with his parody The Boy From...) to get the Welsh place named Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantisiliogogogoch into a song successfully (it forms the main chorus of a song of the same name, and is sung four times).
The Association runs a program called EyeT4all, which aims to make computers accessible to people who are blind or visually impaired.
The CDs contain performances of Barker's poems by members of the folk world like June Tabor, Martin Carthy, Steve Tilston, Mike Harding and Tom Paxton and well known figures like Jimmy Young, Nicholas Parsons, Brian Perkins, Terry Wogan, Nicky Campbell, Robert Lindsay, Prunella Scales and Andrew Sachs.
It was a founding member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, that sets accreditation standards for business schools.
For instance, Walter Dill Scott, a pioneer in applied psychology, helped establish some of the earliest advertising and marketing courses in the first decade of the twentieth century.
And in the next year, the school launched a graduate program leading toward the Master of Business Administration degree, drawing nearly 400 students in its first two years.
During immense resource shortages caused by World War II, Dean Vanderblue kept the school functioning and led it through its transition from technical specialization toward a broader managerial education.
The program's success eventually led to it being expanded in Europe in 1965 with a similar program offered in Bürgenstock, Switzerland.
In 1976, the school expanded its executive education offerings in Evanston, introducing a degree-granting program known as the Executive Management Program (EMP, today known as the Executive MBA Program).
A watershed event in the school's history was the opening of the James L. Allen Center, home of the Kellogg executive education programs.
The vision of Dean Donald P. Jacobs (deanship 1975–2001; on faculty in Finance Department since 1957), the Allen Center enlisted the help of significant business figures in the Chicago-area, most notably James L. Allen, a Kellogg alumnus and co-founder of consultancy Booz Allen Hamilton.
In 1956, the school was renamed the School of Business; little more than a decade later, in 1969, the school once again changed its name, this time to the Graduate School of Management, a designation that reflected the demand among the business community for sophisticated managers trained in both analytical and behavioral skills.
Also, this training was oriented toward general management, rather than narrowly functional skills, as had mostly been the case in many business schools for much of the 20th century.
The training was designed to provide management skills suitable for leadership roles whether in the corporate, public, or nonprofit sectors – rather than careers focused solely on traditional business.
To reflect this change, the school in 1969 stopped issuing the MBA credential in favor of the MM, or master of management degree.
It quickly attracted a number of world-class quantitative experts, many in the field of game theory, to build the school's Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences Department.
The funds allowed the school to significantly expand its research and teaching mission by establishing three endowed professorships; two major centers of interdisciplinary research; four research professorships; and a large dormitory.
In June 2009, Kellogg announced that Dipak C. Jain would step down after eight years as dean and return to teaching.
On September 1, 2009, Sunil Chopra, former Senior Associate Dean for Curriculum and Teaching and the IBM Distinguished Professor of Operations Management, assumed the role of interim dean while a search committee worked to find a permanent replacement.
Later in 2009, Northwestern University announced plans to construct a new building at the northeast corner of its Evanston campus to serve as Kellogg's new home.
The new facility, called the Global Hub, opened in March 2017 adjacent to Lake Michigan and includes classrooms, faculty offices, collaborative learning spaces, and administrative offices.
Blount was the dean of the undergraduate college, and vice dean of the Stern School of Business at New York University.
On February 6, 2012, Blount unveiled a seven-year plan, Envision Kellogg, aimed at restructuring the business school and launching Kellogg to the top of global rankings.
The Kellogg School's full-time and Executive MBA facilities are situated along the shores of Lake Michigan in Evanston, Illinois, on Chicago's North Shore, while the school's evening and weekend MBA program is housed on Northwestern's Downtown Chicago campus in Wieboldt Hall, between the law and medical schools.
Students in the Kellogg full-time program take the majority of their classes at the Global Hub, which opened on March 28, 2017.
Kellogg was the first business school in the world to insist that all applicants be interviewed to assess their leadership potential and suitability for the Kellogg School's cooperative environment.
As a result, in addition to grades, GMAT scores, professional achievement, and demonstrated leadership, 'fit' is an important part of the admissions equation at Kellogg.
Kellogg offers full-time MBA, Executive MBA, MMM (MBA + MSDI), JD-MBA, evening and weekend MBA, and Master of Science in Management Studies programs, as well as Ph.D. programs in several fields, and non-degree executive education programs.
Kellogg offers a one-year MBA program for students who have already completed a specified list of prerequisite courses, including undergraduate-level financial accounting, statistics, finance, economics, marketing, and operations.
Program graduates include Robert Eckert '77, former chairman and CEO, Mattel; Richard Lenny '77, former chairman and CEO, the Hershey Company; and Thomas J. Wilson '80, chairman and CEO, Allstate.
With the exception of the two-year MBA at London Business School, European MBA's are one year, as at INSEAD in France, IMD in Switzerland, IE Business School in Madrid and Oxford's Saïd Business School.
Kellogg offers an Evening & Weekend MBA (E&W MBA) program aimed towards students who continue to develop their careers as they pursue their MBA degree.
Kellogg also offers an accelerated option for students who have previous academic or industry experience in MBA-relevant subjects like accounting, marketing, and corporate finance.
Students in the evening program typically take two classes per quarter, which allows them to finish the program in 2.5 years.
The program must be completed within five years of starting, which can be accomplished by taking one class every quarter or by a combination of taking multiple classes per quarter and taking some quarters off.
Classes for the evening & weekend program are offered at the downtown Chicago campus located at Wieboldt Hall, but students can take classes at the main campus as well.
Executives can choose between two campuses, Evanston and Miami, and also two schedules, one weekend a month or two weekends a month.
Graduates of the MMM program earn both an MBA from Kellogg and an MS in Design Innovation from the Segal Design Institute at the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science.
In cooperation with the Northwestern Pritzker School Law, Kellogg offers a program that leads to earning a JD and an MBA in just three years.
During the final year, most classes are spent at the law school, but students may take some electives at the business school.
Seven programs of study are offered: Accounting Information and Management, Finance, Management and Organizations, Management and Organizations and Sociology, Managerial Economics and Strategy, Marketing, and Operations Management.
Students declaring a finance major may choose to follow the asset management track, a special set of courses offered by the Kellogg finance department.
At the core of the asset management track is a yearlong experiential learning course sequence, the Asset Management Practicum (FINC 933, 934, 935, and 936).
In the practicum – a for-credit course with limited enrollment – students manage a portfolio under the guidance of faculty from the finance and accounting departments.
In addition to the Kellogg School campuses in Evanston, Chicago, San Francisco and Miami, the Kellogg School partners with institutions in Asia, Europe, South America, Australia, the Middle East, and Canada.
The exchange partner schools offer the chance to learn about business from a different perspective, experience another culture, and network with students, faculty, and professionals from around the world.
The International Exchange Program at the Kellogg School was started in 1980 with a vision to promote a cultural interchange of ideas and provide a greater understanding of cross-cultural trade and business practices.
Since that time, more than 1,000 Kellogg School students have participated in the exchange program with schools from over 20 countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Scotland, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Thailand, and U.K.
The Kellogg EMBA program offers students the opportunity to complete an elective course during Live-In Week at one of the Kellogg School's Global Partner Institutions in Tel Aviv, Israel; Vallendar, Germany; Toronto, Canada; or Hong Kong.
The issue of grade disclosure was last voted on by students in 2005, and a process exists whereby Kellogg students can vote to change the policy.
Some notable clubs include the Middle East and North Africa Club, the India Business Club, the Asia Management Association, the Black Management Association, Catholics at Kellogg, and the Muslim Cultural Business Association.
KAMP asks current students and alumni to fill out a short survey and then matches mentors and mentees by areas of interest.
Alumni Clubs like The Kellogg Alumni Club of Chicago provide alumni with the opportunity to enrich their connections, careers, and lives through an ongoing array of social, professional development and networking events that are offered exclusively to Kellogg alumni living in the Chicago area.
From the school's 2014 employment statistics, 35.4% of Kellogg MBA graduates were placed in careers in consulting, followed by 13.9% in financial services and 18.4% in the high-tech industry.
Based on the school's 2017 employment statistics, 33% of full-time MBA graduates were employed in consulting, 25% in technology, and 13% in financial services.
Keuka Lake State Park offers picnic tables with pavilions, a playground, hiking, hunting and fishing, cross-country skiing and snowmobiling, a boat launch, and a campground with tent and trailer sites.
The sexual behavior of non-human animals takes many different forms, even within the same species, though homosexual behavior is best known from social species.
According to Bagemihl (1999), same-sex behavior (comprising courtship, sexual, pair-bonding, and parental activities) has been documented in over 450 species of animals worldwide.
Its use in animal studies has been controversial for two main reasons: animal sexuality and motivating factors have been and remain poorly understood, and the term has strong cultural implications in western society that are irrelevant for species other than humans.
‘homosexual mounting’ in cockroaches and rams) or long-term pair bonds between same-sex partners that might involve any combination of courting, copulating, parenting and affectional behaviors (e.g.
In humans, the term is used to describe individual sexual behaviors as well as long-term relationships, but in some usages connotes a gay or lesbian social identity.
In wild animals, researchers will as a rule not be able to map the entire life of an individual, and must infer from frequency of single observations of behavior.
A majority of the research available concerning homosexual behavior in animals lacks specification between animals that exclusively exhibit same-sex tendencies and those that participate in heterosexual and homosexual mating activities interchangeably.
Many of the animals used in laboratory-based studies of homosexuality do not appear to spontaneously exhibit these tendencies often in the wild.
Such behavior is often elicited and exaggerated by the researcher during experimentation through the destruction of a portion of brain tissue, or by exposing the animal to high levels of steroid hormones prenatally.
The earliest written mention of animal homosexuality appears to date back to 2,300 years ago, when Aristotle (384–322 BC) described copulation between pigeons, partridges and quails of the same sex.
Some researchers believe this behavior to have its origin in male social organization and social dominance, similar to the dominance traits shown in prison sexuality.
Others, particularly Bagemihl, Joan Roughgarden, Thierry Lodé and Paul Vasey suggest the social function of sex (both homosexual and heterosexual) is not necessarily connected to dominance, but serves to strengthen alliances and social ties within a flock.
Others have argued that social organization theory is inadequate because it cannot account for some homosexual behaviors, for example, penguin species where male individuals mate for life and refuse to pair with females when given the chance.
While reports on many such mating scenarios are still only anecdotal, a growing body of scientific work confirms that permanent homosexuality occurs not only in species with permanent pair bonds, but also in non-monogamous species like sheep.
Approximately 8% of rams exhibit sexual preferences [that is, even when given a choice] for male partners (male-oriented rams) in contrast to most rams, which prefer female partners (female-oriented rams).
We identified a cell group within the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of age-matched adult sheep that was significantly larger in adult rams than in ewes...
In fact, apparent homosexual individuals are known from all of the traditional domestic species, from sheep, cattle and horses to cats, dogs and budgerigars.
A definite physiological explanation or reason for homosexual activity in animal species has not been agreed upon by researchers in the field.
Numerous scholars are of the opinion that varying levels (either higher or lower) of the sex hormones in the animal, in addition to the size of the animal's gonads, play a direct role in the sexual behavior and preference exhibited by that animal.
Others firmly argue no evidence to support these claims exists when comparing animals of a specific species exhibiting homosexual behavior exclusively and those that do not.
Researchers found no evidence of differences in the measurements of the gonads, or the levels of the sex hormones of exclusively homosexual western gulls and ring-billed gulls.
Additional studies pertaining to hormone involvement in homosexual behavior indicate that when administering treatments of testosterone and estradiol to female heterosexual animals, the elevated hormone levels increase the likelihood of homosexual behavior.
Additionally, boosting the levels of sex hormones during an animal's pregnancy appears to increase the likelihood of it birthing a homosexual offspring.
Researchers found that disabling the fucose mutarotase (FucM) gene in laboratory mice – which influences the levels of estrogen to which the brain is exposed – caused the female mice to behave as if they were male as they grew up.
They steal nests, or form temporary threesomes with females to obtain eggs, driving away the female after she lays the eggs.
The males spent time in each other's society, guarded the common territory, performed greeting ceremonies before each other, and (in the reproductive period) pre-marital rituals, and if one of the birds tried to sit on the other, an intense fight began.
More of their cygnets survive to adulthood than those of different-sex pairs, possibly due to their superior ability to defend large portions of land.
On the observed island, the number of females considerably exceeds the number of males (59% N=102/172), so 31% of females, after mating with males, create partnerships for hatching and feeding chicks.
Compared to male-female couples female partnerships have a lower hatching rate (41% vs 87%) and lower overall reproductive success (31% vs. 67%).
Mallards have rates of male-male sexual activity that are unusually high for birds, in some cases, as high as 19% of all pairs in a population.
The only copies that were made available privately to researchers were translated into Greek, to prevent this knowledge becoming more widely known.
In Odense Zoo in Denmark, a pair of male king penguins adopted an egg that had been abandoned by a female, proceeding to incubate it and raise the chick.
The Bremerhaven Zoo in Germany attempted to encourage reproduction of endangered Humboldt penguins by importing females from Sweden and separating three male pairs, but this was unsuccessful.
A pair of male Magellanic penguins who had shared a burrow for six years at the San Francisco Zoo and raised a surrogate chick, split when the male of a pair in the next burrow died and the female sought a new mate.
In 2014 Jumbs and Hurricane, two Humboldt penguins at Wingham Wildlife Park became the center of international media attention as two male penguins who had pair bonded a number of years earlier and then successfully hatched and reared an egg given to them as surrogate parents after the mother abandoned it halfway through incubation.
In 2018 Thelma and Louise, two female King Penguins at Kelly Tarltons in Auckland, New Zealand, have been in a relationship for 8 years, when most of the other eligible penguins switch partners each mating season, regardless of their orientation, are both taking care of an egg that Thelma recently hatched, but is unknown whether it was fertilized.
The keepers provided the couple with an artificial egg, which the two parents took turns incubating; and 45 days later, the zoo replaced the egg with a baby vulture.
Dashik became depressed, and was eventually moved to the zoological research garden at Tel Aviv University where he too set up a nest with a female vulture.
Two male vultures at the Allwetter Zoo in Muenster built a nest together, although they were picked on and their nest materials were often stolen by other vultures.
They were eventually separated to try to promote breeding by placing one of them with female vultures, despite the protests of German homosexual groups.
In addition to sexual behavior, same-sex pigeon pairs will build nests, and hens will lay (infertile) eggs and attempt to incubate them.
The Amazon river dolphin or boto has been reported to form up in bands of 3–5 individuals engaging in sexual activity.
In captivity, they have been observed to sometimes perform homosexual and heterosexual penetration of the blowhole, a hole homologous with the nostril of other mammals, making this the only known example of nasal sex in the animal kingdom.
Homosexual behavior in bats has been categorized into 6 groups: mutual homosexual grooming and licking, homosexual masturbation, homosexual play, homosexual mounting, coercive sex, and cross-species homosexual sex.
Allogrooming in Bonin flying foxes has never been observed, hence the male-male genital licking in this species does not seem to be a by-product of allogrooming, but rather a behavior of directly licking the male genital area, independent of allogrooming.
These coercive copulations usually include ejaculation and the mounted bat often makes a typical copulation call consisting of a long squawk.
Between males, homosexual behaviour includes rubbing of genitals against each other, which sometimes leads to the males swimming belly to belly, inserting the penis in the others genital slit and sometimes anus.
Janet Mann, Georgetown University professor of biology and psychology, argues that the strong personal behavior among male dolphin calves is about bond formation and benefits the species in an evolutionary context.
She cites studies showing that these dolphins later in life as adults are in a sense bisexual, and the male bonds forged earlier in life work together for protection as well as locating females to reproduce with.
Confrontations between flocks of bottlenose dolphins and the related species Atlantic spotted dolphin will sometimes lead to cross-species homosexual behaviour between the males rather than combat.
The encounters are analogous to heterosexual bouts, one male often extending his trunk along the other's back and pushing forward with his tusks to signify his intention to mount.
Same-sex relations are common and frequent in both sexes, with Asiatic elephants in captivity devoting roughly 45% of sexual encounters to same-sex activity.
The proportion of same sex activities varied between 30 and 75%, and at any given time one in twenty males were engaged in non-combative necking behavior with another male.
A homosexual encounter often begins with a greeting interaction in which one female nuzzles her nose on the other female's cheek or mouth, or both females touch noses or mouths.
She may then proceed to mount the other female, during which the mounting female gently grasps the mounted female's dorsal neck fur in her jaws while thrusting.
Male lions pair-bond for a number of days and initiate homosexual activity with affectionate nuzzling and caressing, leading to mounting and thrusting.
They are fully bisexual: both males and females engage in hetero- and homosexual behavior, being noted for female–female sex in particular, including between juveniles and adults.
While the homosexual bonding system in bonobos represents the highest frequency of homosexuality known in any primate species, homosexuality has been reported for all great apes (a group which includes humans), as well as a number of other primate species.
Dutch primatologist Frans de Waal, who extensively observed and filmed bonobos, believed that sexual activity is the bonobo's way of avoiding conflict.
Anything that arouses the interest of more than one bonobo at a time, not just food, tends to result in sexual contact.
If two bonobos approach a cardboard box thrown into their enclosure, they will briefly mount each other before playing with the box.
A jealous male might chase another away from a female, after which the two males reunite and engage in scrotal rubbing.
Or after a female hits a juvenile, the latter's mother may lunge at the aggressor, an action that is immediately followed by genital rubbing between the two adults.
This behavior occurs more often in all-male bachelor packs in the wild and it is believed to play a role in social bonding.
In some troops up to one quarter of the females form such bonds, which vary in duration from a few days to a few weeks.
Among monkeys, Lionel Tiger and Robin Fox conducted a study on how Depo-Provera contraceptives lead to decreased male attraction to females.
Rams routinely perform the same courtship behaviors (including foreleg kicks, nudges, vocalizations, anogenital sniffs and flehmen) prior to mounting other males as observed when other rams court and mount estrous females.
A number of studies have reported differences in brain structure and function between male-oriented and female-oriented rams, suggesting that sexual partner preferences are neurologically hard-wired.
In addition, the oSDN of the female-oriented rams expressed higher levels of aromatase, a substance that converts testosterone to estradiol, a form of estrogen which is believed to facilitate typical male sexual behaviors.
Aromatase expression was no different between male-oriented rams and ewes [...] The dense cluster of neurons that comprise the oSDN express cytochrome P450 aromatase.
As noted before, given the potential unagressiveness of the male population in question, the differing aromatase levels may also have been evidence of aggression levels, not sexuality.
The Merck Manual of Veterinary Medicine appears to consider homosexuality among sheep as a routine occurrence and an issue to be dealt with as a problem of animal husbandry.
Studies have failed to identify any compelling social factors that can predict or explain the variations in sexual partner preferences of domestic rams.
Homosexual orientation in rams is also not affected by rearing conditions, i.e., rearing males in all-male groups, rearing male and female lambs together, early exposure of adolescent males to females and early social experiences with females do not promote or prevent homosexual orientation in rams.
To initiate homosexual courtship, a courting male approaches the other male with his head and neck lowered and extended far forward in what is called the 'low-stretch' posture.
He may combine this with the 'twist,' in which the courting male sharply rotates his head and points his muzzle toward the other male, often while flicking his tongue and making grumbling sounds.
The courting male also often performs a 'foreleg kick,' in which he snaps his front leg up against the other male's belly or between his hind legs.
In response, the male being courted may rub his cheeks and forehead on the courting male's face, nibble and lick him, rub his horns on the courting male's neck, chest, or shoulders, and develop an erection.
During mounting, the larger male usually mounts the smaller male by rearing up on his hind legs and placing his front legs on his partner's flanks.
The mounting male usually has an erect penis and accomplishes full anal penetration while performing pelvic thrusts that may lead to ejaculation.
Homosexual courtship and sexual activity can also take place in groups composed of three to ten wild rams clustered together in a circle.
Female Mountain sheep also engage in occasional courtship activities with one another and in sexual activities such as licking each other's genitals and mounting.
The family structure of the spotted hyena is matriarchal, and dominance relationships with strong sexual elements are routinely observed between related females.
Due largely to the female spotted hyena's unique urogenital system, which looks more like a penis rather than a vagina, early naturalists thought hyenas were hermaphroditic males who commonly practiced homosexuality.
Study of this unique genitalia and aggressive behavior in the female hyena has led to the understanding that more aggressive females are better able to compete for resources, including food and mating partners.
Some parthenogenetic lizards that perform the courtship ritual have greater fertility than those kept in isolation due to an increase in hormones triggered by the sexual behaviors.
From an evolutionary standpoint, these females are passing their full genetic code to all of their offspring (rather than the 50% of genes that would be passed in sexual reproduction).
A survey of 11 species of damsel and dragonflies has revealed such mating damages in 20 to 80% of the males too, indicating a fairly high occurrence of sexual coupling between males.
This occurs in heterosexual mounting by the traumatic insemination in which the male pierces the female abdomen with his needle-like penis.
In cognitive psychology and decision theory, loss aversion refers to people's tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains: it is better to not lose $5 than to find $5.
What distinguishes loss aversion from risk aversion is that the utility of a monetary payoff depends on what was previously experienced or was expected to happen.
Loss aversion implies that one who loses $100 will lose more satisfaction than another person will gain satisfaction from a $100 windfall.
In marketing, the use of trial periods and rebates tries to take advantage of the buyer's tendency to value the good more after the buyer incorporates it in the status quo.
Recent methods established by Botond Kőszegi and Matthew Rabin in experimental economics illustrates the role of expectation, wherein an individual's belief about an outcome can create an instance of loss aversion, whether or not a tangible change of state has occurred.
The effect of loss aversion in a marketing setting was demonstrated in a study of consumer reaction to price changes to insurance policies.
Similarly, users in behavioral and experimental economics studies decided to cease participation in iterative money-making games when the threat of loss was close to the expenditure of effort, even when the user stood to further their gains.
Humans may be hardwired to be loss averse due to asymmetric evolutionary pressure on losses and gains: for an organism operating close to the edge of survival, the loss of a day's food could cause death, whereas the gain of an extra day's food would not cause an extra day of life (unless the food could be easily and effectively stored).
Loss aversion was first proposed as an explanation for the endowment effect—the fact that people place a higher value on a good that they own than on an identical good that they do not own—by Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1990).
In several studies, the authors demonstrated that the endowment effect could be explained by loss aversion but not five alternatives: (1) transaction costs, (2) misunderstandings, (3) habitual bargaining behaviors, (4) income effects, or (5) trophy effects.
In each experiment half of the subjects were randomly assigned a good and asked for the minimum amount they would be willing to sell it for while the other half of the subjects were given nothing and asked for the maximum amount they would be willing to spend to buy the good.
Since the value of the good is fixed and individual valuation of the good varies from this fixed value only due to sampling variation, the supply and demand curves should be perfect mirrors of each other and thus half the goods should be traded.
The authors also ruled out the explanation that lack of experience with trading would lead to the endowment effect by conducting repeated markets.
The first two alternative explanations—that under-trading was due to transaction costs or misunderstanding—were tested by comparing goods markets to induced-value markets under the same rules.
If it was possible to trade to the optimal level in induced value markets, under the same rules, there should be no difference in goods markets.
The median prices of buyers and sellers in induced-value markets matched almost every time leading to near perfect market efficiency, but goods markets sellers had much higher selling prices than buyers' buying prices.
Since the transaction cost that could have been due to the procedure was equal in the induced-value and goods markets, transaction costs were eliminated as an explanation for the endowment effect.
The third alternative explanation was that people have habitual bargaining behaviors, such as overstating their minimum selling price or understating their maximum bargaining price, that may spill over from strategic interactions where these behaviors are useful to the laboratory setting where they are sub-optimal.
Buyers who indicated a willingness-to-pay higher than the randomly drawn price got the good, and vice versa for those who indicated a lower WTP.
This incentive compatible value elicitation method did not eliminate the endowment effect but did rule out habitual bargaining behavior as an alternative explanation.
Income effects were ruled out by giving one third of the participants mugs, one third chocolates, and one third neither mug nor chocolate.
They were then given the option of trading the mug for the chocolate or vice versa and those with neither were asked to merely choose between mug and chocolate.
The results showed that 86% of those starting with mugs chose mugs, 10% of those starting with chocolates chose mugs, and 56% of those with nothing chose mugs.
There are several explanations for these findings: one, is that loss aversion does not exist in small payoff magnitudes (called magnitude dependent loss aversion by Mukherjee et al.
Finally, losses may have an effect on attention but not on the weighting of outcomes; as suggested, for instance, by the fact that losses lead to more autonomic arousal than gains even in the absence of loss aversion.
Gill and Prowse (2012) provide experimental evidence that people are loss averse around reference points given by their expectations in a competitive environment with real effort.
David Gal (2006) argued that many of the phenomena commonly attributed to loss aversion, including the status quo bias, the endowment effect, and the preference for safe over risky options, are more parsimoniously explained by psychological inertia than by a loss/gain asymmetry.
Mkrva, Johnson, Gächter, and Herrmann (2019) cast doubt on these critiques, replicating loss aversion in five unique samples while also showing how the magnitude of loss aversion varies in theoretically predictable ways.
Loss attention refers to the tendency of individuals to allocate more attention to a task or situation when it involve losses than when it does not involve losses.
What distinguishes loss attention from loss aversion is that it does not imply that losses are given more subjective weight (or utility) than gains.
The loss attention account assumes that losses in a given task mainly increase the general attentional resource pool available for that task.
The inverse U-shaped effect implies that the effect of losses on performance is most apparent in settings where task attention is low to begin with, for example in a monotonous vigilance task or when a concurrent task is more appealing.
Indeed, it was found that the positive effect of losses on performance in a given task was more pronounced in a task performed concurrently with another task which was primary in its importance.
Some of these effects have been previously attributed to loss aversion, but can explained by a mere attention asymmetry between gains and losses.
An example is the performance advantage attributed to golf rounds where a player is under par (or in a disadvantage) compared to other rounds where a player is at an advantage.
Recently, studies have suggested that loss aversion mostly occur for very large losses though the exact boundaries of the effect are unclear.
Yechiam and Hochman found that this effect occurred even when the alternative producing higher expected value was the one that included minor losses.
Therefore, paradoxically, in their study minor losses led to more selection from the alternative generating them (refuting an explanation of this phenomenon based on loss aversion).
For example, pupil diameter and heart rate were found to increase following both gains and losses, but the size of the increase was higher following losses.
Similarly, a positive effect of losses compared to equivalent gains was found on activation of midfrontal cortical networks 200 to 400 milliseconds after observing the outcome.
A relevant example (proposed by Mark Twain) is of a cat which jumped of a hot stove and will never do it again, even when the stove is cold and potentially contains food.
Apparently, when a given option produces losses this increases the hot stove effect, a finding which is consistent with the notion that losses increase attention.
Loss attention explains this as due to attentional competition between options, and increased attention following the highlighting of small negatives, which can increase the attractiveness of a product or a candidate either due to exposure or learning.
After several months of training, the monkeys began showing behavior considered to reflect understanding of the concept of a medium of exchange.
While a subsequent study suggested that the 2005 results were not indicative of loss aversion because of timing differences in the presentation of gains and losses to the monkeys, a follow-up 2008 study by Laksminaryanan, Chen and Santos ruled out this alternative explanation.
When the expectations of an individual fail to match reality, they lose an amount of utility from the lack of experiencing fulfillment of these expectations.
Analytical framework by Botond Kőszegi and Matthew Rabin provides a methodology through which such behavior can be classified and even predicted.
An individual's most recent expectations influences loss aversion in outcomes outside the status quo; a shopper intending to buy a pair of shoes on sale experiences loss aversion when the pair she had intended to buy is no longer available.
Subsequent research performed by Johannes Abeler, Armin Falk, Lorenz Goette, and David Huffman in conjunction with the Institute of Labor Economics used the framework of Kőszegi and Rabin to prove that people experience expectation-based loss aversion at multiple thresholds.
They chose to stop when the values were equal as no matter which random result they received, their expectations would be matched.
Participants were reluctant to work for more than the fixed payment as there was an equal chance their expected compensation would not be met.
Loss aversion experimentation has most recently been applied within an educational setting in an effort to improve achievement within the U.S.
Recent results from Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 ranked the US ranks #31 in math and #17 in Reading.
Teachers in the incentive groups received rewards based on their students' end of the year performance on the ThinkLink Predictive Assessment and K-2 students took the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) in March.
However, the experimental groups received a lump sum given at beginning of the year, that would have to be paid back.
An advance on the payment and the re framing of the incentive as avoidance of a loss, the researchers observed treatment effects in excess of 0.20 and some as high as 0.398 standard deviations.
According to the authors, 'this suggests that there may be significant potential for exploiting loss aversion in the pursuit of both optimal public policy and the pursuit of profits'.
They also comment on the fact that it didn't matter much whether the pay was tied to the performance of a given teacher or to the team to which that teacher was assigned.
It also explains how there was no gain for students when teachers were offered the bonus at the end of the school year.
Indeed, all of the noted findings in education can be explained simply by the additional attention to a task when it includes losses (i.e., loss attention), independently of the weighting to gains and losses.
In earlier studies, both bidirectional mesolimbic responses of activation for gains and deactivation for losses(or vica versa) and gain or loss-specific responses have been seen.
However, only some studies have shown involvement of amygdala during negative outcome anticipation but not others which has led to some inconsistencies.
It has later been proven that inconsistencies may only have been due to methodological issues including the utilisation of different tasks and stimuli, coupled with ranges of potential gains or losses sampled from either payoff matrices rather than parametric designs, and most of the data are reported in groups, therefore ignoring the variability amongst individuals.
Thus later studies rather than focusing on subjects in groups, focus more on individual differences in the neural bases by jointly looking at behavioural analyses and neuroimaging.
Neuroimaging studies on loss aversion involves measuring brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether individual variability in loss aversion were reflected in differences in brain activity through bidirectional or gain or loss specific responses, as well as multivariate source-based morphometry (SBM) to investigate a structural network of loss aversion and univariate voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify specific functional regions within this network.
This involves the ventral caudate nucleus, pallidum, putamen, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, superior frontal and middle gyri, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and parts of the dorsomedial thalamus connecting to temporal and prefrontal cortex.
There is a significant correlation between degree of loss aversion and strength of activity in both the frontomedial cortex and the ventral striatum.
This is shown by the slope of brain activity deactivation for increasing losses being significantly greater than the slope of activation for increasing gains in the appetitive system involving the ventral striatum in the network of reward-based behavioural learning.
On the other hand, when anticipating loss, the central and basal nuclei of amygdala, right posterior insula extending into the supramarginal gyrus mediate the output to other structures involved in the expression of fear and anxiety, such as the right parietal operculum and supramarginal gyrus.
Consistent with gain anticipation, the slope of the activation for increasing losses was significantly greater than the slope of the deactivation for increasing gains.
Its limbic component involved the amygdala(associated with negative emotion and plays a role in the expression of fear) and putamen in the right hemisphere.
The latter cluster partially overlaps with the right hemispheric one displaying the loss-oriented bidirectional response previously described, but, unlike that region, it mostly involved the posterior insula bilaterally.
All these structures play a critical role in detecting threats and prepare the organism for appropriate action, with the connections between amygdala nuclei and the striatum controlling the avoidance of aversive events.
Hence, there is a direct link between individual differences in the structural properties of this network and the actual consequences of its associated behavioral defense responses.
The neural activity involved in the processing of aversive experience and stimuli is not just a result of a temporary fearful overreaction prompted by choice-related information, but rather a stable component of one's own preference function, reflecting a specific pattern of neural activity encoded in the functional and structural construction of a limbic-somatosensory neural system anticipating heightened aversive state of the brain.
Even when no choice is required, individual differences in the intrinsic responsiveness of this interoceptive system reflect the impact of anticipated negative effects on evaluative processes, leading preference for avoiding losses rather than acquiring greater but riskier gains.
Individual differences in loss aversion are related to variables such as age, gender, and genetic factors affecting thalamic norepinephrine transmission, as well as neural structure and activities.
Outcome anticipation and ensuing loss aversion involve multiple neural systems, showing functional and structural individual variability directly related to the actual outcomes of choices.
In a study, adolescents and adults are found to be similarly loss-averse on behavioural level but they demonstrated different underlying neural responses to the process of rejecting gambles.
Although adolescents rejected the same proportion of trials as adults, adolescents displayed greater caudate and frontal pole activation than adults to achieve this.
On the other hand, although men and women did not differ on their behavioural task performance, men showed greater neural activation than women in various areas during the task.
Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer (January 6, 1914 – December 26, 1997) was an American physical and theoretical chemist, educator, and university president.
He was the third president of Rice University from 1961 until 1968 and sixth president of Stanford University from 1969 until 1971.
He was Director of Research for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission from 1949 to 1951 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
There is in fact a barrier to internal rotation, an important discovery upsetting the conventional wisdom and affecting the thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons.
His son, Russell M. Pitzer is also a notable chemist who is currently retired from the faculty at The Ohio State University.
In the public hearing that led to the revocation of Robert Oppenheimer's security clearance, Kenneth Pitzer testified about his policy differences with Oppenheimer concerning the development of thermonuclear weapons.
Frederick Augustus III (; 25 May 1865 – 18 February 1932) was the last King of Saxony (1904–1918) and a member of the House of Wettin.
Though well-loved by his subjects, he voluntarily abdicated as king on 13 November 1918, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I.
45 (Saxon higher units usually bore two numbers: one their Saxon Army number and the other their number in the Prussian Army order of battle).
They were divorced in 1903 by the royal decree of the King after she ran away while pregnant with her last child.
Avi Lewis is the great grandson of Moshe Losz (Lewis), an outspoken member of the Jewish Bund who left Svislach, Poland (absorbed by the Soviet Union during World War II, and today Belarus), after being interrogated by the Russians and threatened with death or the Gulag for his political activity.
Avi Lewis is the grandson of former federal New Democratic Party leader David Lewis and the son of former Ontario NDP leader and diplomat Stephen Lewis and journalist Michele Landsberg.
Avi Lewis is married to journalist and author Naomi Klein; his sister Ilana Landsberg-Lewis was the executive director of the Stephen Lewis Foundation.
He also served as MuchMusic's political specialist — by doing extensive special events coverage for the channel designed to engage youth in the political process.
After repeatedly and openly sniggering at Hirsi Ali's complimentary remarks about the United States, Lewis sharply questioned some of her views - including her denial of the existence of Islamophobia, her belief that Islam was inherently misogynistic, and her positive opinions concerning American democracy.
But I want us not to confuse a set of beliefs such as Islam, with ethnicity such as the hatred against Jews just because they are Jews, or against blacks just because they are black, or against gays just because of- it's something you can't do anything about.
A place of worship is a specially designed structure or consecrated space where individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study.
A monastery, particularly for Buddhists, may serve both to house those belonging to religious orders and as a place of worship for visitors.
Natural or topographical features may also serve as places of worship, and are considered holy or sacrosanct in some religions; the rituals associated with the Ganges river are an example in Hinduism.
Under International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Conventions, religious buildings are offered special protection, similar to the protection guaranteed hospitals displaying the Red Cross or Red Crescent.
Religious architecture expresses the religious beliefs, aesthetic choices, and economic and technological capacity of those who create or adapt it, and thus places of worship show great variety depending on time and place.
It is a structure designed to bring human beings and gods together, using symbolism to express the ideas and beliefs of Hinduism.
A temple incorporates all elements of Hindu cosmos—presenting the good, the evil and the human, as well as the elements of Hindu sense of cyclic time and the essence of life—symbolically presenting dharma, kama, artha, moksa, and karma.
There are strict and detailed requirements in Sunni jurisprudence (fiqh) for a place of worship to be considered a masjid, with places that do not meet these requirements regarded as musallas.
There are stringent restrictions on the uses of the area formally demarcated as the mosque (which is often a small portion of the larger complex), and, in the Islamic Sharia law, after an area is formally designated as a mosque, it remains so until the Last Day.
For most of the post-war period, Keidanren has been the voice of big business in Japan and is generally considered the most conservative of the country's three major private sector led business associations.
The other two organizations are the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (日本商工会議所) and the Japan Association of Corporate Executives (経済同友会).
According to the organization's official website, the mission of the Keidanren is to: accelerate growth of Japan's and world economy and to strengthen the corporations to create additional value to transform Japanese economy into one that is sustainable and driven by the private sector, by encouraging the idea of individuals and local communities.
In the lead-up to the 2009 general election the Democratic Party of Japan made a pledge to ban political donations from companies and organizations.
After the March 11th nuclear disaster and subsequent shutdown of all the nuclear plants in Japan, Keidanren called for their restart.
This view was not shared by all business leaders, with Rakuten president Hiroshi Mikitani leaving the federation partly over this issue.
Masayoshi Son of Softbank publicly objected to the focus on restarting the nuclear plants, but didn't leave the federation over it.
The mere-exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, including words, Chinese characters, paintings, pictures of faces, geometric figures, and sounds.
In studies of interpersonal attraction, the more often someone sees a person, the more pleasing and likeable they find that person.
In the 1960s, a series of Zajonc's laboratory experiments demonstrated that simply exposing subjects to a familiar stimulus led them to rate it more positively than other, similar stimuli that had not been presented before.
Later, he showed similar results for a variety of stimuli, such as polygons, drawings, photographs of expressions, nonsense words, and idiographs, judging by a variety of procedures, such as liking, pleasantness, and forced-choice measures.
Through mere-exposure experiments, Zajonc sought to provide evidence for the affective-primacy hypothesis, namely that affective judgments are made without prior cognitive processes.
He tested this hypothesis by presenting repeated stimuli to participants at suboptimal thresholds such that they did not show conscious awareness or recognition of the repeated stimuli (when asked whether they had seen the image, responses were at chance level), but continued to show affective bias toward the repeatedly exposed stimuli.
Zajonc compared results from primes exposed longer, which allowed for conscious awareness, to stimuli shown so briefly that participants did not show conscious awareness.
He found that the primes shown more briefly and not recognized prompted faster responses for liking than primes shown at conscious levels.
They were then told that these symbols represented adjectives and were asked to rate whether the symbols held positive or negative connotations.
In a similar experiment, people were not asked to rate the connotations of the symbols, but to describe their mood after the experiment.
In another variation, subjects were shown an image on a tachistoscope for a very brief duration that could not be perceived consciously.
This subliminal exposure produced the same effect, though it is important to note that subliminal effects are unlikely to occur without controlled laboratory conditions.
Zajonc explains that if preferences (or attitudes) were based merely on information units with affect attached to them, then persuasion would be fairly simple.
Zajonc states that affective responses to stimuli happen much more quickly than cognitive responses, and that these responses are often made with much more confidence.
While this is a common assumption, Zajonc argues it is more likely that decisions are made with little to no cognition.
He equates deciding upon something with liking it, meaning that we cognize reasons to rationalize a decision more often than deciding upon it.
The students in the class first treated the black bag with hostility, which over time turned into curiosity, and eventually friendship.
Mere exposure typically reaches its maximum effect within 10–20 presentations, and some studies even show that liking may decline after a longer series of exposures.
For example, people generally like a song more after they have heard it a few times, but many repetitions can reduce this preference.
In support of Zajonc's claim that affect does not need cognition to occur, Zola–Morgan conducted experiments on monkeys with lesions to the amygdala (the brain structure that is responsive to affective stimuli).
The most obvious application of the mere-exposure effect is in advertising, but research on its effectiveness at enhancing consumer attitudes toward particular companies and products has been mixed.
College-age students were asked to read an article on the computer while banner ads flashed at the top of the screen.
A different study showed that higher levels of media exposure are associated with lower reputations for companies, even when the exposure is mostly positive.
A subsequent review of the research concluded that exposure leads to ambivalence because it brings about a large number of associations, which tend to be both favorable and unfavorable.
One group of thirsty consumers was primed with a happy face before being offered a beverage, while a second group was primed with an unpleasant face.
The group primed with the happy face bought more beverages, and was also willing to pay more for the beverage than their unhappy counterparts.
In the advertising world, the mere-exposure effect suggests that consumers need not cognize advertisements: simple repetition is enough to make a 'memory trace' in the consumer's mind and unconsciously affect their consuming behavior.
For example, many stock traders tend to invest in securities of domestic companies merely because they are more familiar with them, even though international markets offer similar or better alternatives.
The mere-exposure effect also distorts the results of journal-ranking surveys; academics who previously published or completed reviews for a particular academic journal rate it dramatically higher than those who did not.
A statistical analysis of voting patterns found that a candidate's exposure has a strong effect on the number of votes they receive, distinct from the popularity of their policies.
Oak Orchard State Marine Park is an state park located at the mouth of Oak Orchard Creek at Lake Ontario in the Town of Carlton in Orleans County, New York, United States.
He was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the eldest son of Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (1833–1905) and his wife Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1846–1927).
Joseph August's grandfather had been Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776–1847), Palatine and Viceroy of Hungary, a younger son of Emperor Leopold II.
The Archduke Joseph Diamond, a 76.02 carat colourless diamond with internal flawless clarity, is named after the Archduke and officially recorded as his property.
On 15 November 1893, in Munich, he married Princess Augusta Maria Louise of Bavaria (1877–1964), daughter of Prince Leopold of Bavaria (1846–1930) and his wife Archduchess Gisela of Austria (1856–1932).
He was transferred to Dragoon Regiment #6 in 1894 and then transferred to the 1st Honvéd Hussars by the Kaiser and promoted to the rank of Major.
He took command of this regiment in 1904 and then went on to command 79th Honvéd infantry brigade in 1908 then finally the 31st infantry division at Budapest in 1911.
In 1914 he was involved in combat in the Galician theatre and took command of the VII Corps and was involved in fighting in the Carpathian Mountains.
After Italy became involved in the war he was transferred to the Carinthian border and involved in fighting the Isonzo army.
August remained on this front until the 9th battle of the Isonzo in 1916 a period in which once again he was highly decorated.
In January 1918 he was put in command of the 6th Army in the Southern theatre and that July took over the South Tyrolean Army Group, which was the 10th and 11th Armies.
Finally, on 26 October 1918, he was sent to the Balkan theatre to take command of the Heeresgruppe Kövess, which had lost Serbia, Albania and Montenegro by then.
In November, the socialist Hungarian Democratic Republic was proclaimed, only to be replaced a few months later by the communist Hungarian Soviet Republic.
When it became apparent that the Allies would not recognize a Habsburg as Hungary's head of state, the archduke was forced to resign on 23 August 1919.
In 1920 the Archduke became the first knight of the Hungarian Order of Vitéz, in 1927 he became a member of the newly established House of Lords.
Thus Joseph August's main heir was his eldest grandson Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria (1933-2017), the eldest son of Joseph Francis and his wife Princess Anna of Saxony.
Through their work and projects, EWB-I member groups contribute to meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through capacity building in their projects.
Engineers Without Borders International is not in any way affiliated with Doctors Without Borders, which is a registered trademark of Bureau International de Medecins Sans Frontieres.
The park is at the mouth of Four Mile Creek on the shore of Lake Ontario, approximately north of the Niagara Falls.
The park offers picnic tables, a playground, hiking and biking, a campground with tent and trailer sites, yurts, laundry facilities, recreation programs, a nature trail, and a food concession.
Joseph Davis State Park is a state park located along the banks of the lower Niagara River in the Town of Lewiston in Niagara County, New York.
An additional of land was added to the park in 1969, just prior to the decision to rename the park in honor of Joseph Davis in 1970.
Since 2011, the park has been operated by the Town of Lewiston in partnership with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
Joseph Davis State Park includes trails for hiking, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and snowmobiling, in addition to facilitating access for anglers to fish the Niagara River or several ponds within the park.
The conservation area's primary purpose is to provide habitat and feeding areas for songbirds that utilize river corridors during their annual migrations.
Robert Ritter von Greim (born Robert Greim; 22 June 1892 – 24 May 1945) was a German Field Marshal and First World War flying ace.
Born as Robert Greim on 22 June 1892 in Bayreuth, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, a state of the German Empire, the son of a police captain, Greim was an army cadet from 1906 to 1911.
When the World War One started in August 1914, he commanded a battery in fighting at the Battle of Lorraine and around Nancy, Epinal, Saint-Mihiel, and Camp des Romains in France.
On 10 October 1915, while flying two-seaters in FFA 3b as an artillery spotting observer, Greim claimed his first aerial victory: a Farman.
The departing cowling damaged his top wing, along with the lower left interplane strut, but Greim managed to land the machine successfully.
The new equipment was warmly welcomed as being superior to the older Albatros and Pfalz fighters that they had been previously equipped with.
By 1919, Greim had returned to Bavaria and rejoined his regiment (8th Bavarian Artillery) and for 10 months ran the air postal station in Munich.
This was the key turning point in his career, as in 1920 he flew the up-and-coming German army propaganda instructor Adolf Hitler to Berlin as an observer of the failed Kapp Putsch.
Many other people from Hitler's years in Bavaria immediately after World War I also rose to prominence in the National Socialist era.
Greim accepted the offer and took his family with him to China, where he founded a flying school and initiated measures for the development of an air force.
In 1933, Hermann Göring invited Greim to help him to rebuild the German Air Force, and in 1934 he was appointed to command the first fighter pilot school, following the closure of the secret flying school established near the city of Lipetsk in the Soviet Union during the closing days of the Weimar Republic.
Later, he was given command of Jagdgeschwader 132 (later JG 2), based in Döberitz, a fighter group named after Manfred von Richthofen.
He was shot down, but bailed out and spent the remainder of the war in a prison camp in the United States.
On 26 April 1945, with Berlin encircled by Soviet forces during the Battle of Berlin, von Greim flew into Berlin from Rechlin with his mistress Hanna Reitsch, in response to an order from Hitler.
As the cockpit had room for only the pilot, Reitsch flew in the tail of the plane, getting into it by climbing through a small emergency opening.
Having landed in Gatow, they changed planes to fly to the Chancellery; however, their Fieseler Storch was hit by anti-aircraft fire over the Grunewald.
Greim was incapacitated by a bullet in the right foot, but Reitsch was able to reach the throttle and joystick to land on an improvised air strip in the Tiergarten, near the Brandenburg Gate.
On 28 April, Hitler ordered Ritter von Greim to leave Berlin and had Reitsch fly him to Plön, so that he could arrest Heinrich Himmler on the charge of treason.
It was a powered variant of the Me 321 military glider and was the largest land-based transport aircraft of the war.
The Me 323 was the result of a 1940 German requirement for a large assault glider in preparation for Operation Sea Lion, the projected invasion of Great Britain.
The DFS 230 light glider had already proven its worth in the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael in Belgium (the first ever assault by gliderborne troops), and would later be used successfully in the invasion of Crete in 1941.
However, in order to mount an invasion across the English Channel, the Germans would need to be able to airlift vehicles and other heavy equipment as part of an initial assault wave.
Although Operation Sea Lion was cancelled, the requirement for a heavy air transport capability still existed, with the focus now on the forthcoming Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.
On 18 October 1940, Junkers and Messerschmitt were given just 14 days to submit a proposal for a large transport glider.
The emphasis was still very much on the assault role: the ambitious requirement was to be able to carry either an 88 mm gun and its half-track tractor, or a Panzer IV medium tank.
Although the Me 321 saw considerable service in Russia as a transport, it was never used for its intended role as an assault glider.
Early in 1941, as a result of feedback from Transport Command pilots in Russia, the decision was taken to produce a motorized variant of the Me 321, to be designated Me 323.
It was decided to use French Gnome et Rhône GR14N radial engines rated at 1,180 PS (1,164 hp, 868 kW) for take-off as used in the Bloch MB.175 aircraft; using French engines was thought to place no burden on Germany's overstrained industry.
Initial tests were conducted using four Gnome engines attached to a strengthened Me 321 wing, which gave a modest speed of – slower than the Ju 52 transport aircraft.
A fixed undercarriage was fitted, which comprised four small wheels in a bogie at the front of the aircraft with six larger wheels in two lines of three at each side of the fuselage, partly covered by an aerodynamic fairing.
This was clearly not much better than the Me 321, so the V2 prototype became the first to have six engines and flew for the first time in early 1942, becoming the prototype for the D series aircraft.
As per the Me 321, the Me 323 had massive, semi-cantilever, high-mounted wings which were braced from the fuselage out to the middle of the wing.
To reduce weight and to save on aluminum, much of the wing was made of plywood and fabric, while the fuselage was of metal tube construction with wooden spars and covered with doped fabric, with heavy bracing in the floor to support the payload.
The engineers were intended to monitor engine synchronisation and allow the pilot to fly without worrying about engine status, although the pilot could override the engineers' decisions on engine and propeller control.
The RATOs were mounted beneath the wings outboard of the engines, with the wings having underside fittings to take up to a total of four RATO units.
Some Me 321s were converted to Me 323s, but the majority were built as six-engine aircraft from the beginning; early models were fitted with wooden two-blade propellers, which were later replaced by metal, three-blade variable-pitch versions.
For defensive armament, it was armed with five 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 machine guns firing from a dorsal position behind the wings and from the fuselage.
By September 1942, Me 323s were being delivered for use in the Tunisian campaign, and entered service in the Mediterranean theater in November 1942.
The high rate of loss among Axis shipping had made necessary a huge airlift of equipment across the Mediterranean to keep Rommel's Afrika Korps supplied.
On 22 April 1943, a formation of 27 fully loaded Me 323s was being escorted across the Sicilian Straits by Bf 109s of JG 27 when it was intercepted by seven squadrons of Spitfires and P-40s.
Of the 27 transports, only six reached their destination; the remaining 21 of the Me 323s were lost while three of the P-40s were shot down by the escorts.
Later D- and E- versions differed in the choice of power plant and in defensive armament, with improvements in structural strength, total cargo load and fuel capacity also being implemented.
It was shot down by a British Bristol Beaufighter long–range fighter on 26 July 1943, while en route from Sardinia to Pistoia in Italy.
The park lies on the western end of Fire Island, one of the central barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island, and is known for its stretch of beaches on the Atlantic Ocean.
Its current name was given to honor Robert Moses, the influential mid-20th century urban planner and former president of the Long Island State Park Commission.
Recently, some have suggested the park should revert back to its previous name or to something that better reflects its location.
The park also contains four concession stands (one at each field), volleyball courts, first aid stations, picnic areas, and a playground at Field 5.
Since there is no parking at the Seashore itself, many visitors park at Field 5 in order to walk to Lighthouse Beach, the Fire Island Lighthouse and Museum, or the nearby community of Kismet.
In 2010, New York State officials estimated about 30% of the users of Field 5 park there to access Lighthouse Beach and the Lighthouse itself.
Lighthouse Beach was historically a clothing optional beach; however, the National Park Service has enforced a ban on public nudity at Lighthouse Beach since 2013, citing concerns over increases in lewd behavior prior to the ban.
Parking fields 2, 4 and 5 have a capacity of roughly 1,000 vehicles while the capacity at Field 3 is 500.
Suffolk Transit's S47 route also serves the beach seasonally connecting it with the Babylon Long Island Rail Road station on the Babylon Branch.
The park is open year-round from sunrise to sunset, although hours for activities such as swimming and golfing vary by season.
In 1825 the federal government acquired the westerly tip to build a lighthouse and David Sammis bought about to the east in 1855 and built the Surf Hotel.
In 1892, fears of a cholera epidemic spread by passengers on ships arriving in New York prompted the state to acquire the hotel property to establish a quarantine station.
In 1908, Governor Charles Evans Hughes signed legislation designating the former Surf Hotel property as Long Island's first state park, known then as Fire Island State Park.
The island and the park have grown since that time; for decades, sand has accumulated along Fire Island's western tip at a rate of per year, increasing the island's length by since 1825.
In 1924, the state established the Long Island State Park Commission headed by Robert Moses as part of a statewide park and parkway program, also run by Moses.
After the hurricane of 1938 devastated the park, the commission decided to rebuild farther east near the lighthouse, and sand was pumped onto the beach to raise a portion of the island to a height of above sea level.
The anniversary coincided with the completion of several improvements at the park, including a $700,000 rehabilitation of the bathhouse at Field 3.
The renovation improved and expanded bathroom facilities, repaired the park's cupola and clock, and replaced a glass and metal storefront added to the building in the 1980s with a new exterior consistent with the building's original architecture.
The project used about of sand removed during dredging of the Captree State Park boat canal to restore beaches at Robert Moses State Park.
A $1.7 million project to increase energy efficiency and install a 500-kilowatt solar photovoltaic power system at the park was announced in 2015.
Recently, some have suggested the park should be renamed to better reflect its location and to untether it from such a historically controversial public figure.
Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park (or Earl W. Brydges State Artpark) is a state park located in the Village of Lewiston in Niagara County, New York.
The park is a venue for summer musical entertainment, in addition to offering picnic tables and pavilions, fishing, hiking, nature trail, a performing arts theater, recreation programs and cross-country skiing.
The park, created on the site of a former industrial waste dump, became an important site for works of the land art movement.
It continued to be an important laboratory for outdoor sculpture, with over 200 artists and collectives creating art and installations at the site between 1974 and 1984.
The Amphitheater consists of an outdoor stage with seating for up to 10,000 viewers in the front-of-stage viewing area, tiered lawn sections for general seating and reserved seating, and a fabric-covered terrace for sponsored seating.
The Mainstage consists of an enclosed performance stage with fly house, orchestra pit, and back of house service areas, reserved seating sections accommodating up to 2400 viewers, and terrace and balcony areas for gatherings and events.
The enclosure is opened along the back wall to a lawn area used for general seating for up to 2000 viewers.
The institute is part of the Links to Asia by Organizing Traineeship and Student Exchange network, an international consortium of universities in Europe and Asia.
Since it is a research-focused academic institution, the academic year 2003 performance evaluation showed has the highest number of research publications (both in raw quantity and per graduate student heads) of any academic division in the university.
In addition, a 2007 assessment of research publications by Thailand Research Fund put SIIT at the top of all engineering faculties in the kingdom in terms of equivalent international journal papers per faculty member and in terms of impact factor per faculty member.
During the ninth Japan-Thailand Joint Trade and Economic Committee Meeting held in Kobe, Japan in 1989, all the delegates from the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (Keidanren) and the Federation of Thai Industries (FTI) realized that to enhance industrial development of Thailand, engineers with working knowledge of English are needed.
Therefore, it was recommended that engineering programs, where all lecture and laboratory courses would be taught in English by highly qualified faculty members with doctoral degrees, be established.
A cooperation agreement among Keidanren, FTI, and Thammasat University was reached in 1992 to establish bachelor's degree programs in engineering at Thammasat University with initial funds provided by Keidanren and FTI.
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn presided over the cornerstone-laying ceremony of a new building at the Rangsit Center of Thammasat University using part of the initial fund.
SIIT's policies and operations are guided and supervised by the Board of Trustees which consists of representatives from Thammasat University, FTI, Nippon Keidanren, and scholars appointed by the university.
The institute, headed by the director, consists of four administrative divisions, a library, and information services center, and six academic schools, with 15 academic programs.
As the institute is an autonomous (semi-private) body of Thammasat University, it gets no funding from the state and needs to find and manage its own income and spending.
Parts of funding are research grants and scholarships from international organizations like Asian Development Bank, local ones like industries, and the Thailand Research Fund, and individual contributions.
On average, each year each SIIT faculty member produces twice the highest value of national range for international journal publications (0.74 vs 0–0.41).
As few prospective students can afford considerably higher tuition fees, the institute initially faced difficulty recruiting undergraduate students with high test scores.
While scholarships and special recruitment programs do help attract many bright students, its average admission scores are unacceptably low compared to other science and engineering programs in the country.
The undergraduate recruitment situation is improving, especially for its computer, IT, and management-related majors, which now have higher average admission scores.
With its strong science and technology education, the institute has been selected, along with Mahidol University and Chulalongkorn University, by Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), as a destination of selected group of top students from Mahidol Wittayanusorn School and 12 Princess Chulaporn Schools for Science, the country's science schools for gifted students, in a program to mentor junior researchers for national science and technology development.
For its graduate levels, the institute attracts bright graduates, as the institute gains supports from many national and international bodies (and use that as scholarships for graduate students).
SIIT is one of a very small number of universities that can secure numbers of Thailand Research Fund's Royal Golden Jubilee grants, considered to be the country's most prestigious research grants for PhD students, for every single year since the program began in 1998 — one of the only three that can secure engineering discipline grants that often.
The institute enjoys a strong link with many universities, remarkably with its neighbor Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) and a group of Japanese universities and research centers, as well as a network of European universities such as DAAD International Quality Network (IQN) program and LAOTSE network.
Locally, a remarkable collaborative network is the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, a group of leading Thai universities in environmental and energy technology area.
The institute established faculty member and student exchange programs, as well as internship programs, with universities and organizations in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America.
These programs allow faculty members to collaborate with their counterparts in research projects, and students to have an opportunity to take engineering courses at these universities.
Because of their proximity, SIIT, Thammasat University, AIT, Thailand Science Park, and research centers of NSTDA, share some of their facilities, including libraries and laboratories, with each other.
In 2007, SIIT joined NSTDA, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, and Tokyo Institute of Technology as founding members in the establishment of Thailand Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.
This joint graduate school will offer international postgraduate degrees, where faculty staffs will come from Tokyo Tech, NSTDA, and Thai universities.
Operations of SIIT are carried out at two locations: Thammasat University's Rangsit Center and Bangkadi, both in Pathum Thani, surrounded by many national research centers, high-tech industrial parks, and universities, as well as Thailand Science Park and National Science Museum.
The Rangsit Campus is situated in the TU's Rangsit Center, approximately 42 kilometers north of Bangkok, just next to the Asian Institute of Technology and Thailand Science Park.
The center served as the main host for the 13th Asian Games in 1998 and the World University Games in 2007.
In June 2006, the new building Sirindhralai (Thai: สิรินธราลัย), the name graciously granted by Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, was opened to accommodate the telecommunications, engineering management, and management technology programs.
The Construction and Maintenance Technology Research Center (CONTEC) is established mainly to carry out research and development projects on technologies required for solving problems and creating innovation in construction materials technologies and infrastructures.
The Transportation Research Center (TREC) is a research and development center established on 18 December 2007 to conduct collaborative research among SIIT and related government organizations in the area of transportation and transportation, supporting technology.
Biomedical Engineering unit (BioMed SIIT) integrates fundamentals from engineering, computer science, medical science and mathematics to solve applied problems in medicine and biology.
Nowadays, the advancement of computational theories and computing technologies allows complex physical problems that are inaccessible to analytical and experimental approaches to be solved by computers.
The IISI-U integrates fundamentals for solving advanced problems in engineering, science and social issues, and then provides those solutions as services.
The IISI research unit contributes to advancement of intelligent informatics fields, such as artificial intelligence, data mining, and soft computing which leads to breakthrough solutions for issues that human factors are significantly involved.
Nowadays, challenges are how to apply advanced technologies in the digital age to planning, design, operation, and management of infrastructures in smart ways.
Logistics and Supply Chain Systems Engineering (LogEn) Research Unit address cutting-edge supply-chain problems and advanced research in the area of logistics, and supply chain system with the emphasis on optimization, production planning, scheduling simulation, inventory management, forecasting, quality management, lean management and operations management.
The Materials and Plasma Technology (MaP Tech) research unit aims to carry out wide areas of research in materials with emphasis on development, designs, computational analysis, manufacturing, testing, and applications of plastics, rubbers, and nanomaterials.
Challenges of global climate change, energy insecurity and economic growth can only be solved with rapid development of low carbon technologies and management.
However, they are not being developed at the rate required due to a combination of technological, skill, financial, commercial and regulatory barriers.
Lakeside Beach State Park is a state park located on the shore of Lake Ontario in the Town of Carlton, Orleans County, New York.
Engineers Without Borders Canada (French: Ingénieurs sans frontières Canada), abbreviated EWB or ISF, is a non-governmental organization devoted to international development.
Founded in 2000 by George Roter and Parker Mitchell, engineering graduates from the University of Waterloo, it is a registered Canadian charity focused on finding solutions to extreme poverty, specifically in rural Africa.
EWB Canada has no direct affiliations with similarly named organizations in the rest of the world, although it does collaborate with them from time to time.
In Canada, EWB Canada engages in numerous educational and public outreach activities in Canada including educating high school students about international development issues via the School Outreach program, enhancing curricula at some universities by developing assignments or courses for engineering students, and informing the Canadian public on global development issues.
EWB Canada also works in advocacy campaigns aimed convincing the Canadian government to change policies and laws concerning international development issues.
Unknown to many, EWB Canada played a large role in the Canadian Live 8 concert in 2005 and has won numerous awards both nationally and internationally.
EWB Canada is a young, rapidly growing student-driven organization based on university chapters across Canada, with a national office in Toronto to support the university chapters and to co-ordinate and train overseas volunteers.
Paid staff is kept to a minimum in the organization, in order to run the organization as efficiently as possible; all positions outside the national office are volunteer.
There is an annual EWB Canada national conference every year in late January which is currently the largest international development conference in Canada.
EWB works overseas (primarily in sub-Saharan Africa) with local NGOs and, occasionally, government departments (for example, the Ghanaian Ministry of Food and Agriculture) to help increase access to technology at the local level.
Four months is considered a short term placement and the greatest impact is the overseas volunteers' contributions upon their return to their chapter in Canada – they return with a wide range of experiences and lessons that can be passed on to other members and the public at large.
The goal of these placements is not to alleviate poverty alone, but also to build capacity among the local non-governmental organization partners and community at large.
For this reason all overseas projects are done in collaboration with a local NGO partner who is encouraged to take ownership of various projects and ultimately have no continued need for EWB Canada's help and input.
It also partners with other NGOs from time to time on projects of mutual interest, including the Canadian iteration of the Make Poverty History campaign.
Like the other above-noted EWB/ISF groups, EWB Canada initially did not join the EWB International network, which was started by EWB-USA and includes a separate group in the province of Quebec, Ingénieurs sans frontières Québec.
However, by early 2014, EWB Canada (along with several of the other previously-unaffiliated groups) had become a member of EWB International.
Thammasat University (Abrv: TU ; , , ) is a public research university in Thailand with campuses in Tha Phra Chan area of Phra Nakhon District near the Grand Palace in the heart of Bangkok; in Rangsit, 42 kilometers north of Bangkok; in Pattaya, a resort city on the eastern seaboard of Thailand; and in Lampang Province.
Officially established to be the national university of Thailand on 27 June 1934, it was named by its founder, Pridi Banomyong, the University of Moral and Political Sciences (; ).
In 1960, the university ended its free-entry policy and became the first in Thailand to require passing national entrance examinations for admission.
Over the 80 years since its founding, Thammasat University has evolved from an open university for law and politics to an international university offering all levels of academic degrees in many fields and disciplines.
The university's alumni have included some of Thailand's prime ministers, leading politicians, and governmental figures, Bank of Thailand governors, and jurists.
The campus is in close proximity to many tourist destinations and was the site of the 14 October 1973 uprising and the 6 October 1976 massacre.
Only applicants ranking in the top 10 national scores are chosen for study at Thammasat, especially in the social sciences and humanities—considered the most selective in Thailand.
This was two years after the so-called Siamese revolution of 1932 and eighteen years after the founding of Chulalongkorn University by transforming the law school of Prince Raphi Phatthanasak Krommaluang Ratcha Buri Direk Rit, which dated back to 1907.
The desire of students at the school of law to be upgraded to a university rather than simply a department at Chulalongkorn University also helped Thammasat University become the successor of the law school.
The property and faculty of the law school were transferred to University of Moral and Political Science, and the old law school building was the first Thammasat site.
Thammasat initially offered a bachelor's degree with an emphasis on legal studies and previously banned economics and political science, plus a bachelor's degree equivalent diploma in accountancy.
Master's degree courses soon followed in law, political science, and economics, and doctoral degree courses in law, political science, economics, and diplomacy.
During its early years, the university did not rely on government funding, but instead relied on its low tuition fees and interest paid by the Bank of Asia for Industry and Commerce, in which the university had an 80% stake.
Ironically, the university campus also functioned as an internment camp for Allied civilians, with Thai guards more or less protecting them from abuses by the occupying Japanese.
The original Thammasat degree was replaced by specialised departments in 1949, when the Faculties of Law, Political Science, Commerce and Accountancy, and Economics were founded.
Thammasat added four more faculties during the 1950s and 1960s: social administration, journalism and mass communication, liberal arts, and sociology and anthropology.
On 4 October, students staged a play on the Thammasat campus to dramatize the hanging of the protesters in Nakhon Pathom.
Several newspapers printed photographs of the mock hanging with, however, one of the students retouched to resemble Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn, an act of lèse-majesté.
Newspaper sources reported the number killed as between 43 and 46, but the actual figure may have been over a hundred, with several hundred more injured.
At present almost all undergraduate classes are taught at Rangsit, the exceptions being some international English language programmes and some special programmes.
Tha Phra Chan Centre () is in Phra Nakhon District, Bangkok, surrounded by many of Thailand's most famous cultural and historical landmarks, such as Sanam Luang, the Grand Palace, the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, the Bangkok National Museum, the National Theatre, Wat Mahathat Yuwaratrangsarit, and the Chao Phraya River.
The site had originally been part of the Front Palace of the deputy king (formerly the designated heir to the throne).
The Dome housed Pridi Banomyong's office as well as being the command centre of the Free Thai Movement during the Second World War.
The Tha Phra Chan campus played a role in the uprising against the military regime on 14 October 1973 and was the site of the 6 October 1976 Massacre.
Eight faculties are based at the Tha Phra Chan campus: law, political science, economics, commerce and accountancy, liberal arts, social administration, journalism and mass communication, and sociology and anthropology.
, only postgraduate programmes, integrated bachelor's and master's programmes, and the English-language international programmes are offered at Tha Phra Chan (except those in engineering, health sciences, and journalism which are at the Rangsit Center).
It is in Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province, 42 km north of Bangkok, connected Tha Phra Chan by shuttle bus.
Thammasat University instituted degree programmes in engineering, technologies, physical sciences, and medicine at its Rangsit Centre in the 1980s and 1990s.
All faculties (except the College of Innovation, the College of Interdisciplinary Studies, and the Pridi Banomyong International College) are at Rangsit.
The campus houses the Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an international academic institute attached to Thammasat which emphasizes engineering and technological research and education.
The Thammasat University Sport Centre, on the Rangsit campus, was used in the 1998 Asian Games, 1999 FESPIC Games and in the 2007 Summer Universiade.
The 7,000 m space, designed by Kotchakorn Voraakhom, is designed to help offset some of the impacts of climate change, such as flooding.
The Pattaya Centre houses the College of Innovative Education, which offers advanced degree courses and training in rural development and management.
Lampang Centre (Thai: ศูนย์ลำปาง), Hang Chat District, Lampang Province: the Thammasat University Council approved the establishment of Lampang Centre in 1996.
Thammasat Lampang offers opportunities to a small student population of fewer than 1,000 students to study specialized courses on local development and industry.
It has its roots in the law school of the Ministry of Justice, instituted under the reign of King Chulalongkorn by Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns.
The faculty has programmes up to the doctorate level, as well as several certificate programmes in business law and public law.
It was the second oldest business school in Thailand after the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn University which established earlier on the same year.
It offers a broad range of programmes including business administration, logistics, international business, human resource management, accounting, finance, marketing, real estate management and management information system, from diploma to doctoral degree.
In addition to its traditional 4-year bachelor's degree, the faculty offers the first innovative integrated bachelor's and master's degree programme in business and accounting (IBMP) which requires five years of study to complete both degrees.
In 2005, a team of students from the Master's of Sciences Degree Programme in Marketing (MIM) of Thammasat Business School won, for the second time, the Global Moot Corp, a venue for business plan competition, held at the McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin.
Under the leadership of Dr. Puey Ungpakorn, a former Bank of Thailand governor who took charge concurrently as the dean of the faculty, there were many significant developments within the economics faculty.
The faculty boasts a teaching staff which totals 82, including 44 faculty members with doctoral degree and seven on leave to pursue doctoral degrees.
Its graduates are regularly accepted to the prestigious departments of economics such as Chicago, UC Berkeley, Cornell, Oxford, Cambridge, LSE, Harvard, MIT, Yale, Princeton.
The Faculty of Liberal Arts was established by the Royal Gazette in 1961 by Professor Adul Vicharncharoen, the founder and first Dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts.
The purpose of the establishment of the Faculty of Arts at that time was to teach general subjects to all students of the university before they choose to study their majors.
The faculty offers the following undergraduate majors: Psychology, Library and Information Science, Literature and Communication, History, Linguistics, English Language, English Language and Literature, French Language, Thai Language, Philosophy, Geography, Japanese Language, Chinese Language, German Language, Russian Language, British and American Studies, Southeast Asian Studies, Russian Studies, International Studies (ASEAN-China), and Business English Communication.
The graduate school offers master's degree in 10 disciplines: Linguistics for Communication, History, Library and Information Science, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, French-Thai Translation, Counseling Psychology, Buddhist Studies, Japanese Studies, Thai, English Language and Literature, English Language Studies, Chinese Culture Studies, and English-Thai Translation Studies.
The graduate level also offers Ph.D in Linguistics, History, and English Language Studies which is a combined Master and Doctoral Degree.
Widely-known as one of the leading departments in Thailand with a wide range of prestigious academic programs, The English Department at TU was founded in 1970 and has then developed in teaching and learning as well as researching.
Students in the undergraduate program have the opportunity to engage in a number of extracurricular activities, internship program and academic events, including special lectures and exchange programs.
In addition to the BA curriculum, the English Department supports higher interdisciplinary programs (Tha Prachan Campus) offering the MA-PhD programs in English Language Studies, the MA program in English-Thai Translation and the Graduate Diploma program in English for Business and Management.
The British and American Studies (BAS) International Programme at Thammasat University is the only degree of its type available in Thailand.
The four-year degree offers students an opportunity to explore the culture, the literature, the history, and the political dynamics of the United States and the United Kingdom through a broad and varied curriculum taught by English native speakers from both the USA and the UK.
The ASEAN-China International (IAC) Program offers students to choose their specialization from business, languages, media and political science courses focused on China and the ASEAN region.
Today the faculty offers undergraduate programme in newspaper and print media, radio and television broadcasting, cinematography, advertising, public relations, and communications management.
The Faculty also provides various materials, tools, and studios for all students to practice their skills such as Thammasat University Radio Station, editing room, and broadcasting room.
The Faculty of Sociology and Anthropology was formed as one of the departments of the Faculty of Social Administration at the initiative of the dean, Professor Major General Buncha Mintarakhin (1961–1965).
His view was that Thailand should have sociologists and anthropologists who contribute to the society by undertaking research which would strengthen the disciplines.
Science and Technology founded in 1986 as the ninth faculty of the University and become the first full-stream faculty that held on Rangsit Campus Began teaching in the five disciplines of Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Environmental Science, and Health Science.
The Faculty of Science and Technology offers many science disciplines which focus on both pure sciences and sustainable technologies such as Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Sciences, Environmental Science, Technologies for Sustainable Development, Agricultural Technology, Chemistry, Biotechnology, Physics, Material Science, Food Technology, and Textile Technology, this Faculty also has international programs offers B.Sc to PhD.
such as Industrial Science Management, Creative Digital Technology (Digital Interactive Simulation/Game Engineering & Design), Innovative Digital Design (Animation & Visual Effect/Game Art & Design), and Organic Farming Management.
It originally started teaching electrical and industrial engineering in 1990, then expanded its offerings to civil engineering (1992), chemical engineering (1994), and mechanical engineering (1996).
The faculty also has an international department which taught in English and very often mistaken as SIIT (see below) by outsiders.
The TEP programme is a sandwich programme, two years in Thammasat and two years in a foreign university (currently either the University of Nottingham or University of New South Wales).
The Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, was established in March 1990 as the eleventh faculty of the University and the ninth public medical school in Thailand.
Faculty of Medicine of Thammasat University in the only first and one medical school that teaches with Hybrid Problem-based learning (PBL) and Community Based Learning (CBL) which emphasize on case study and community problem rather than lecturing.
The university proposed the establishment of a Faculty of Architecture under the Eighth National Higher Education Plan (1997–2001) of the Ministry of University Affairs (now Office of the Commission on Higher Education under the Ministry of Education).
The university then created an Architecture Programme to be autonomous under the Thammasat University Council by its resolution of May 6, 1999.
The programme was approved to be the Faculty of Architecture by a resolution of the Thammasat University Council on October 29, 2001.
Professor Dr. Vimolsiddhi Horayangkura, who had been the programme's director since 1999, was appointed to be the first dean of the Faculty of Architecture.
The faculty offered two more new undergraduate programmes, Interior Architecture and Urban Environmental Planning and Management Program, in the 2002 academic year.
In 2007, the undergraduate program in Landscape Architecture and the graduate program in Interior Architecture were started in response to high market demand for landscape architects and research-oriented designers.
The Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, at the university's Rangsit Centre, Pathum Thani Province, is a semi-autonomous institute of technology established in 1992.
Although it is an academic unit of the university, and graduates of the institute receive Thammasat University degrees, the institute is self-administered and financed.
The institute enjoys strong links with Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, national graduate schools (such as JGSEE, TGIST, and TAIST) and many international universities, notably its neighbour Asian Institute of Technology, and a group of Japanese and European universities.
Anyway, it's still considered one of the easiest engineering schools to get accepted due to very low entry score and many rounds of admission.
Due to admission score, SIIT has a high rate of variant admission scores, students with high admission score and lowest admission score can be entered but most of the low-performance students will be disqualified.
The unqualified or unsatisfied academic competency students will be expelled within a first or second year which occurred about 50% of entry students.
The Faculty is an institution of higher education in the country for Research Pharmaceutical Sciences to improve health in the community.
Faculty also has its own a laboratory school called Thammasat Secondary School which established in 2017 as the first school in Thailand that runs and promotes active learning, Sustainability thoughts, and creative and problem-based learning.
Chulabhron International College of Medicine is the twenty-first medical school set up in Thailand located in Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province and is the first institution in Thailand to provide an international course in medicine.
The first year course consists of general sciences, followed by pre-clinical years 2 and 3 and then the clinical years 4-6.
During the clinical years, Thammasat University Hospital is used as the main training site and students may undertake electives in foreign countries.
The Language Institute of Thammasat University (LITU) was officially established as a university faculty in 1985 to serve the ever-growing need for English language training for students in all faculties at Thammasat University.
LITU conducts courses at all three of Thammasat University’s academic campuses (Tha Prachan, Rangsit and Lampang in northern Thailand), as well as providing diverse language services to the general public and private, academic and governmental organizations in Bangkok and throughout the nation.
LITU is responsible for English-language instruction for students first entering the university (Foundation courses), throughout their four years of academic studies (ESP-English for Specific Purposes), and for graduate students who must achieve minimum standards of English language proficiency.
In addition, the Language Institute offers international graduate degree programs in English Language Teaching (MA-ELT, previously known as MA Teaching English as a Foreign Language) and Career English for International Communication (MA-CEIC, previously known as MA English for Careers), and a graduate diploma program in English for Careers.
Also, to serve the needs of English teachers in the ASEAN community and international settings, LITU offers an international Ph.D. program in English Language Teaching (PhD-ELT).
The college was established on January 30, 1995 with a focus on interdisciplinary education, such as in the areas of technology management, cultural management, service innovation, innovative healthcare management, and IT policy and management.
Bachelor's degree courses offered are: Bachelor in Service Innovation, Bachelor in Digital Transformation and Innovation, and Bachelor in Management of Cultural Heritage and Creative Industries (BMCI).
MA programs offered are: Master in Technology Management, Master of Arts in Management of Cultural Heritage and Creative Industries, Master of Science Program in Service Design, Master of Science Program in Digital Policy and Management, and Master in Service Innovation.
The School of Global Studies is a new and innovative academic initiative within Thammasat University and a front runner in global health and social innovation within Thailand, Southeast Asia and beyond with a track record of excellent research on determinants of public health, student-centered teaching, and academic service relevant to community needs.
TU offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degrees in the fields of social sciences, humanities, science and technology, urban design, and health sciences.
Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Thailand and the elder sister of Ananda Mahidol and Bhumibol Adulyadej, was the former head of the foreign language department at the Faculty of Liberal Arts.
Puey Ungphakorn, former Governor of the Bank of Thailand, was the dean of the Faculty of Economics, and rector of Thammasat University.
Ammar Siamwalla, former president of the Thailand Development Research Institute, and Jermsak Pinthong, former senator, are former lecturers at the Faculty of Economics.
Several Prime Ministers of Thailand attended Thammasat University, including Tanin Kraivixien, Chuan Leekpai, Samak Sundaravej, and Somchai Wongsawat, as well as many other ministers and Bank of Thailand governors.
Orbinski was the 2016-17 Fulbright Visiting Professor at the University of California, Irvine, and as of September 1, 2017, he is professor and inaugural director of the Dahdaleh Institute of Global Health Research at York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
He was previously the CIGI Chair in Global Health Governance at the Balsillie School of International Affairs and Wilfrid Laurier University (2012-2017), Chair of Global Health at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (2010-2012) and full professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto (2003-2012), where he was the founding Saul Rae Fellow at Massey College.
Orbinski’s current research interests focus on the health impacts of climate change, medical humanitarianism, intervention strategies around emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, and global health governance.
Orbinski is also co-founder and Chair of the Board of Directors of Dignitas International, a medical humanitarian organization researching and working with communities in the global south to increase access to life-saving treatment and prevention in areas overwhelmed by HIV/AIDS, and with Aboriginal communities in Canada to improve community based care for diseases such as diabetes.
In 1998, Orbinski received the Governor General's Meritorious Service Cross for his work as the MSF Head of Mission during the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
In 2009, Orbinski became an Officer of the Order of Canada and in the citation was recognized by the Governor General of Canada as a humanitarian practitioner and advocate for those who have been silenced by war, genocide and mass starvation.
Orbinski attended Dawson CEGEP in Montreal, received a bachelor's degree in Psychology from Trent University (1984), a medical degree from McMaster University Medical School (1990), and a master's degree in international relations from the University of Toronto's Munk Centre for International Studies (1998).
After his first mission in Peru, Orbinski served as MSF’s Medical Coordinator in Baidoa during the Somali Civil War and famine of 1992-93, and in Jalalabad, Afghanistan during the winter of 1994.
He was subsequently MSF’s Head of Mission in Kigali during the Rwandan genocide of 1994, and in Goma, Zaire during the refugee crisis in 1996-97.
As international president of MSF, he represented the organization in numerous humanitarian emergencies and on critical humanitarian issues including in the Sudan, Kosovo, Russia, Cambodia, South Africa, India and Thailand, among others.
Orbinski also represented MSF at the UN Security Council, in many national parliaments, to the World Health Organization, as well as the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
He accepted the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to MSF for its pioneering approach to medical humanitarianism, and most especially for its approach to bearing witness.
As MSF International Council president, he allocated the Nobel Prize money to launch MSF’s Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines that year.
He witnessed the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, and participated in relief efforts for injured people ferried across the Hudson river.
From 2001 to 2004 Orbinski co-chaired MSF's Neglected Diseases Working Group, which created and launched the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi).
The DNDi is a global not-for-profit research consortia focused on developing treatments for tropical diseases of the developing world that are largely neglected by profit driven research and development companies.
Since its inception, the DNDi has engaged significant international advocacy for neglected tropical diseases, and moreover developed and disseminated two antimalarial treatments, one new treatment against sleeping sickness, one new treatment against Visceral leishmaniasis, a set of treatments for Visceral leishmaniasis in Asia, and a pediatric dosage formulation for Chagas Disease.
In 2004, Orbinski became a research scientist at St. Michael's Hospital and professor of both medicine and political science at the University of Toronto.
The medical journal The Lancet recognized one of his co-authored papers on HIV/AIDS treatment adherence as among the 20 most significant medical research papers of that year (2006).
From 2012 to 2017, he was CIGI Research Chair in Global Health at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, and Professor of International Policy and Governance at the Wilfrid Laurier University.
As of September 1, 2017 he is professor and inaugural director of the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research at York University, in Toronto, Canada.
He remains closely associated with the University of Toronto, as founding Saul Rae Fellow at Massey College, Senior Fellow at the Munk School of Global Affairs, and as Professor of Medicine at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health.
'An Imperfect Offering' has been translated into five languages and has won the Writers' Trust of Canada's 2009 Shaughnessy Cohen Award for best political writing in Canada.
It was also one of five books nominated for the 2008 Canadian Governor General’s Literary Award in non-fiction, and was selected as one of National Public Radio’s 2008 Top Five Political & Current Affairs Books.
Orbinski is the subject of the award-winning 2005 CBC documentary 'Evil Revisited', which documented his visit to Rwanda on the tenth anniversary of the genocide, his first such visit since the violence' He was also the subject of the award-winning and internationally acclaimed documentary film on medial humanitarianism, 'Triage: Dr. James Orbinski's Humanitarian Dilemma', which follows Orbinski's return to Somalia, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
It was released in theatres across Canada in the fall of 2008, and was televised in Canada and the US in 2009.
Orbinski was a co-founder of McMaster University's Health Reach Program that investigates and promotes the health of children in war zones, and he was a founding member of MSF Canada in 1990.
It is also committed to continuing to improve health systems and the quality of patient care, and to the transformational power of research.
Through a 12-year partnership with the Malawi Ministry of Health, more than 1.4 million people have been tested for HIV infection, and more than 270,000 people have been started on treatment for AIDS in three hospitals and in 165 remote village based clinics in the southern region of Malawi.
It has published more than fifty major research papers, many of which have transformed patient care, health systems, and health policy.
As of 2014 and in partnership with the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, and the Sioux Lookout First Nations Health Authority, Dignitas has also established an Aboriginal Health Partners Program focused on the health needs of First Nations Communities in Northern Ontario, Canada.
Since 2017, Dignitas has committed to exploring, defining and participating in a research collaboration on the health impacts of climate change.
Orbinski is also a founding board member of the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, the Stephen Lewis Foundation and Canadian Doctors for Medicare.
A founding board member of the editorial boards of Open Medicine and Conflict and Health, he also sits on the editorial board of Ars Medica.
Orbinski additionally serves on the advisory boards of Global Policy, Engineers Without Borders (Canada), The Dalai Lama Center for Ethics and Transformative Values at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Incentives for Global Health, the NGO formed to develop the Health Impact Fund proposal.
He is a member of the Climate Change and Health Council and the Davos World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Health Care Systems and Cooperation.
He was an invited member of the UNEP Scientific Steering committee on Disaster Preparedness and early Warning for Extreme Weather, and in 2011 the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Expert Panel on Canada’s Strategic Role in Global Health.
As of 2011, he is an honorary director of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) and sits on several global health-related advisory boards.
In 2019, Orbinski was a featured speaker at both WE Day Toronto and WE Day UN events, supporting WE Charity and advocating for youth to get involved and empower their communities.
For his medical humanitarian leadership in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide, Orbinski was awarded the Meritorious Service Cross in 1997, Canada’s highest civilian award.
In 2011, Orbinski was the recipient of the Walter S. Tarnopolsky Human Rights Award (conferred by the Canadian Superior Court Judges Association, the International Commission of Jurists Canada, the Canadian Bar Association, and the Canadian Association of Law Teachers), recognizing his contributions to domestic and international human rights.
Orbinski was the recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012, the University of California Human Security Award in 2015, and the Teasdale Corti Award in 2016, given by Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, recognizing his contributions to medicine and humanitarianism.
In 2007, he received a Doctor of Laws from Queen's University and in 2009, was awarded an additional two honorary degrees from the University of Calgary and Laurentian University, at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine's charter class graduation.
Orbinski received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from St Francis Xavier University in 2014, and the Loyola Medal from Concordia University in 2017.
Orbinski is an avid canoeist and lives in Guelph, Ontario with his wife and their three children, aged 14, 12 and 9.
The hostile media effect, originally deemed the hostile media phenomenon and sometimes called hostile media perception, is a perceptual theory of mass communication that refers to the tendency for individuals with a strong preexisting attitude on an issue to perceive media coverage as biased against their side and in favor of their antagonists' point of view.
In 1982, the second major study of this phenomenon was undertaken; pro-Palestinian students and pro-Israeli students at Stanford University were shown the same news filmstrips pertaining to the then-recent Sabra and Shatila massacre of Palestinian refugees by Christian Lebanese militia fighters abetted by the Israeli army in Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War.
On a number of objective measures, both sides found that these identical news clips were slanted in favor of the other side.
Pro-Israeli students reported seeing more anti-Israel references and fewer favorable references to Israel in the news report and pro-Palestinian students reported seeing more anti-Palestinian references, and so on.
Both sides said a neutral observer would have a more negative view of their side from viewing the clips, and that the media would have excused the other side where it blamed their side.
Subsequent studies have found hostile media effects related to other political conflicts, such as strife in Bosnia and in U.S. presidential elections, as well as in other areas, such as media coverage of the South Korean National Security Act, the 1997 United Parcel Service Teamsters strike, genetically modified food, and sports.
Partisans who have consistently processed facts and arguments in light of their preconceptions and prejudices [...] are bound to believe that the preponderance of reliable, pertinent evidence favors their viewpoint.
A source perceived to be friendly to the partisan (usually because of agreeable ideology or geographic proximity to the group) is less likely to invoke the hostile media effect than a source that is disagreeable or geographically detached.
In numerous studies, Albert C. Gunther and his associates have suggested that the ability of mass media to reach a large audience is what triggers the hostile media effect.
Consistently, they found that a message appearing to originate from a newspaper was perceived as hostile by partisans, while an identical message appearing in a student essay was perceived as unbiased, or even favorable toward the partisan cause.
The phenomenon also exists for personalities on television – partisans in a study were found to perceive significantly less bias in a host they perceive as like-minded.
Consistent with a hostile media effect, issue partisans perceived less bias in opinionated news hosts whose viewpoints cohered with their own than did non-partisans and especially partisans on the opposing side of the issue.
In most cases, these partisan differences were as big as—if not bigger than—the differences seen in response to non-opinionated news, indicating that even blatant deviations from journalistic norms do not quell partisan selectivity in news perceptions, at least when it comes to perceived bias in the host of opinionated programs.
While partisans can agree on the bias of a particular source, the reasons for that bias appears to account for the difference; that is, consumers on both sides of an issue may see bias in a particular story, but are more likely to attribute that story to a host they perceive as hostile to their own particular cause.
From the first studies, the hostile media effect has required an audience of partisans, with stronger beliefs correlating with stronger manifestations of the effect.
Increasing devotion to a particular side of an issue leads to increasing levels of biased information processing, whether out of protection of personal values or a strong sense of group affiliation.
They found that while partisans on both sides of an issue recognized the bias, the group the message opposed perceived a greater degree of bias than the group the message supported.
This variation is referred to as the relative hostile media effect, and has been demonstrated in media coverage of the use of primates for lab testing.
In a 1998 study, Dalton et al., found that newspaper readers were best able to detect the partisan stands of their newspapers when the newspaper sent a clear and unambiguous political signal; otherwise, individual partisanship predominated in judgments.
Unsurprisingly, studies related to media content that is strictly opinionated – that is, media content that is not intended to be unbiased – have shown that partisans are quite capable of identifying bias in those conditions.
Studies have been conducted to determine whether media literacy – competency in analyzing and evaluating messages from mass media – might affect a media consumer's HME, thus far to limited results.
In a 2014 study, participants watched a Media Literacy PSA prior to watching manipulated television programs, then asked to rate their perceptions of the relative hostility of the media afterwards.
Gunther and Schmitt attempted to discern why in some cases research subjects faulted ambiguous, contradictory information, and supported it in other cases.
One conclusion they suggested was the reach of the publication – that is, the hostile media effect is likely to emerge when participants are estimating the effects on others of mass media with a large reach, but biased assimilation would occur when the participants are judging media with lower reach (in this case, a research report that presumably reaches only people in a particular field).
Hansen and Kim found that involvement is positively correlated with hostile media effect; that is, the effect increases as individuals become more involved with the issue.
Social identity theory suggests that media coverage of an ego-involving issue will activate group identity and increase the salience of the issue among members of a group that champions a particular political or social cause.
This in turn triggers self-categorization processes, as ingroup members differentiate themselves from their counterparts in the outgroup, seeking to elevate their self-esteem by viewing the ingroup as superior to the disliked outgroup on core dimensions.
When exposed to controversial media coverage that contains unfavorable depictions of the ingroup, group members, concerned about the perceived inaccuracy of the portrayals and convinced that the portrayals undermine the group's legitimacy in the larger society, cope by derogating media coverage, viewing it as hostilely biased.
Reid found that more politically extreme Democratic students perceived less bias when a polemical assault on their group was attributed to a Democratic (ingroup) organization, but detected more bias when the attack was ascribed to a pro-Republican outgroup.
Relative effects may be higher, however, in the digital media future:Partisans on both sides could easily agree that a series of posts is biased in one ideological direction, but those whose political ox is being gored should be more likely to presume bias and hostile intent.
More generally, anecdotal evidence suggests that individuals perceive that social media messages have strong effects, frequently perceiving that negative communications will have deleterious influences on online third persons.
Gunther and Chia invoked the concept of persuasive press inference in a 2001 study, in which individuals form impressions of the direction or slant of news coverage, extrapolate that news in general resembles the news stories they personally viewed, assume that high-reach news influences the public, and therefore presume that public opinion corresponds with the perceived directionality of news.
Therefore, those partisans who begin with the belief in a hostile media will conclude that public opinion is opposed to their particular cause.
The Shahmukhi alphabet was first used by the Sufi poets of the Punjab; it became the conventional writing style for the Muslim populace of the Pakistani province of Punjab following the Partition of India, while the largely Hindu and Sikh modern-day state of Punjab, India adopted the Gurmukhi script to record the Punjabi language.
These words contain some sounds which were alien to South Asian languages before the influence of Arabic and Persian, and are therefore represented by introducing dots beneath specific Gurumukhi characters.
Since the Gurmukhi alphabet is phonetic, any loanwords which contained pre-existing sounds were more easily transliterated without the need for characters modified with subscript dots.
At first she was armed with two 5-inch naval guns, an ASROC missile launcher, and an eight-cell NATO Sea Sparrow missile launcher.
She returned from her deployment in May 1985 and shortly thereafter entered her second overhaul period during which she received VLS, Towed Array, and the SH 60.
She deployed for a six-month period on 26 May 1993 to the Red Sea where she spent over three and a half months conducting visit and board and search operations in support of United Nations sanctions against Iraq.
Additional stops in the Mediterranean consisted of a brief stop in Augusta Bay, Sicily, then to Souda Bay, Crete, for a maintenance period (IMAV) with .
In July 1994, as part of Operation Restore Democracy, U.S. Navy ships were assigned to helping to enforce the United Nations embargo of Haiti.
However, so many Haitians were picked up from the sea that U.S. Coast Guard ships needed an assist from U.S. Navy ships in the region to handle the volume.
Made up of air, surface and subsurface operations, the exercise involved 47 ships and aircraft from 12 different squadrons sent by 13 NATO-member and Partnership for Peace nations: Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States.
Sea Breeze 97 trained military forces on how to provide humanitarian relief for victims of a simulated earthquake in Southern Ukraine.
STANAVFORMED is part of NATO's `Reaction Force' and as such was ready to respond to any crisis in NATO's area of interest, although its primary area of operations is the Mediterranean.
She left Naval Station Mayport, Florida, early on 1 June, traveled up the St. John's River to the drydock facility, and remained there until early August.
During the drydock, the ship was raised out of the water, her hull was cleaned and inspected, and corrective and preventative maintenance was performed.
The exercise, which began the week prior, also utilized the northern and southern Puerto Rican operating areas, and involved complex battle group training events, naval surface fire-support training and air-to-ground bombing.
COMPUTEX is an intermediate level battle group exercise designed to forge the battle group into a cohesive, fighting team, and is a critical step in the predeployment training cycle and prerequisite for the battle group's Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) scheduled for early the following year.
The JTFEX is designed to meet the requirement for quality, realistic training to prepare U.S. forces for joint and combined operations and also provides the opportunity to certify the CVBG for deployment.
That particular JTFEX was scheduled for two phases to accommodate recent repairs to the carrier, which required it to be pierside during Phase I.
The exercise took place in the waters off the East Coast, as well as on training ranges in North Carolina and Florida.
Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield PC FRS (1634 – 28 January 1714) was a peer in the peerage of England.
Despite the fact the banns had been read twice, Mary jilted Chesterfield for the 2nd Duke of Buckingham with whom she had fallen in love.
They had one daughter, Lady Elizabeth (from whom descends Queen Elizabeth II), but it is not certain that Chesterfield was the father.
Elizabeth died in 1665, and he married a third time to the second daughter of Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, Lady Elizabeth Dormer, who finally provided him with two sons.
According to Samuel Pepys, Chesterfield was a ladies' man, and had been one of the many lovers of Barbara Villiers, the most notorious mistress of King Charles II.
His second wife, tired of his neglect, began flirting with the king's brother, the Duke of York, and also with James Hamilton.
He was imprisoned in the Tower of London for wounding Captain John Whalley in a duel (1658) and on suspicion of involvement in Sir George Booth's rising (1659).
He also killed a man in a duel, fled to France, and having obtained pardon from Charles II, returned to England in his train (1660).
He was Colonel of a regiment of foot (1667, 1682), a Privy Councillor (1681) and the Warden of the royal forests south of Trent (1679).
Jones Beach Island is one of the outer barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island in the U.S. state of New York.
It is named for Major Thomas Jones, who first came to Long Island in 1692, where he proceeded to build the island's first brick house near Massapequa.
Jones Beach Island is sometimes referred to as Oak Beach Island and is the former home of the infamous Oak Beach Inn.
Jones Beach Island straddles the county line between Nassau and Suffolk counties and includes the census-designated places of Gilgo and Oak Beach–Captree, New York.
The best known of the public beaches on the island, Jones Beach State Park on the western tip of the island, is a summer recreational destination for the New York City area.
Jones Beach Island is accessible from Long Island on its western end by the Meadowbrook State Parkway to Merrick, the Loop Parkway to Long Beach, and the Wantagh State Parkway to Wantagh.
She is known for her vocal range and her ability to vocally cover various genres of music including pop, rock, blues, jazz and gospel.
In October 2016, Amorosi recorded her fifth studio album at Royal Studios in Memphis, that is slated to be released in 2019.
Amorosi was born in Melbourne, Victoria, in a Roman Catholic family of Italian origin, the daughter of singers Frank and Joy Amorosi.
When Amorosi was four, along with her younger sisters, Mellissa and Natasha, she would go to tap, jazz and classical ballet classes, which were being run by her uncle.
At the age of 12, Amorosi started to perform in shopping centers and local council concerts under the supervision of her family.
Amorosi was discovered performing at Matrioshka, a Russian restaurant in Carnegie, by Jack Strom (After being referred by Leigh Hope) and signed a recording contract in 1997.
Amorosi performed at many large events such as the NRL Grand Final, the opening of the Motorcycle Grand Prix at Phillip Island and the new millennium on New Year's Eve at Darling Harbour.
Her largest audience came in September 2000 with performances at the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2000 Sydney Olympics and at the Paralympic Games.
On 25 January 2006, it was revealed that Amorosi signed with manager Ralph Carr, having completed her seven-year management with MarJac Productions.
Amorosi's involvement with Kids Help Line and the Variety Club led to a number of honours, including a 2003 nomination for Australian of the Year.
She still has the farm where endangered animals can find refuge, although she does not get to visit much; her friends run it for her.
This marked Amorosi's returned to the ARIA charts the first single in many years to be released, the song peaked at No.
The single made it to number 1 on the digital iTunes charts on 7 June 2008, and a then equal highest charting singles of her career at No.
Amorosi also appears in the video which was shot in Los Angeles at Lacy Street Studio with director Paul Brown (Alicia Keys, Jack White).
7, it was also the week's highest album debut by an Australian artist and has been accredited platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.
On 31 August 2009, Universal Music Australia released a press release for Amorosi's new single with details of new single and album.
The single held the top spot for a second week in a row - becoming the first Australian artist to debut at No.
During March 2010 Vanessa Amorosi supported Rob Thomas on his Australian leg of the Cradlesong Tour, as well as performing headline shows for her fans separately.
In September 2010, Amorosi revealed on her official Twitter account she was back in the studio again with MachoPsycho in London.
The song was featured on Channel 7's AFL Grand Final ad which also resulted in Vanessa Amorosi performing at the AFL Grand Final in 2011.
The tracklist and previews were already available in the Australian iTunes store, but on 3 November 2011, Amorosi announced her album due for release on 11 November would be delayed until further notice.
In August 2012, Amorosi announced she was no longer with Universal Music, and would be looking to rebuild her career as an album artist.
She was in Los Angeles on 11 March 2017 for a photo shoot for the album, and has recently returned to Hollywood where the post-production of the album continues.
Its release confirmed she was still signed to Universal Music Australia under a distribution deal, with a new independent label Angel Works involved as well.
In November 2019, it was announced that Amorosi would be competing in Eurovision - Australia Decides in hopes of representing Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020.
Born Lady Anne Palmer in Westminster, she was the first child of Barbara Villiers, the only child of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, and the wife of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine, who was also one of the mistresses of King Charles II.
On 11 August 1674, at the age of thirteen, Lady Anne was married at Hampton Court to the 15th Baron Dacre, a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the King.
On the same day her ten-year-old sister Lady Charlotte Fitzroy was contracted to Sir Edward Lee (raised from an early baronetcy to the Earldom of Lichfield two months before, and also a Gentleman of the King's Bedchamber).
In the summer of 1678, Lady Sussex was abducted from a convent in Paris and seduced by Ralph Montagu (afterwards 1st Duke of Montagu).
I was never so surprised in my whole life-time as I was at my coming hither, to find my Lady Sussex gone from my house and monastery where I left her, and this letter from her, which I here send you the copy of.
I never in my whole life-time heard of such government of herself as she has had since I went into England.
I am so much afflicted that I can hardly write this for crying, to see a child, that I doted on as I did on her, should make me so ill a return, and join with the worst of men to ruin me.
During the overhaul the ship received over 55 major ship alterations, including installation of the Mk 41 Vertical Launch System for Tomahawk cruise missiles, the AN/SQQ-89 Anti-Submarine Warfare Detection System, and facilities to employ the Navy's most sophisticated submarine helicopter, the LAMPS MkIII.
The first ship to fire Tomahawk missiles against Iraqi targets, she was instrumental in the liberation of Kuwait and in winning the campaign.
Deploying for the eighth time on 20 July 1992, she returned to the Arabian Sea, where she operated in support of Persian Gulf Operations-Southern Watch while participating in numerous bilateral exercises with Persian Gulf Nations.
While serving as part of the Pacific Middle East Force, she participated in Operation Iron Siren, Eager Sentry, and Arabian Gauntlet.
She is the only ship of her class that exists as of 2019, as all of her sister ships we either scrapped or sunk as targets upon decommissioning.
The ship arrived Thursday morning to the Naval Surface Warfare Center at Port Hueneme in Southern California after traveling for 17 hours on a maiden trip from San Diego.
The ship can be seen in an aerial shot just a moment after explosion, but any identifying marks are blocked from view by the fireball of the explosion itself.
Lieutenant-General George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC (28 December 1665 – 28 June 1716) was the third and youngest illegitimate son of King Charles II of England; his mother was Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine (also known as Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland).
In 1701, he was appointed Constable of Windsor Castle, in 1710 Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, and in 1712, he became Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire as well.
Soon after the marriage, Northumberland and his brother, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, allegedly attempted to privately convey her abroad to an English convent in Ghent, Belgium.
The Duke lived at Frogmore House at Windsor in Berkshire, but died suddenly aged 50 at Epsom on 28 June 1716.
He was the second son of King John of Saxony (1801–1873) and his wife Princess Amelia of Bavaria (1801–1877), daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (1756–1825).
On 11 May 1859 at Belém Palace, Lisbon, George married the younger sister of King Pedro V of Portugal: The Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal, eldest surviving daughter of Queen Maria II of Portugal and her consort Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry.
In the re-organisation of the army which accompanied the march towards Paris, his brother the Crown Prince gained a separate command over the 4th army (Army of the Meuse) consisting of the Saxon XII corps, the Prussian Guard corps, and the IV (Prussian Saxony) corps and George succeeded him in command of the XII corps.
It gradually became clear that George's older brother Albert I (1828–1902) and his wife Queen Carola (1833–1907) would not have any children, thereby making George the heir presumptive to the throne.
Upon its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Tajikistan retained the Soviet-era regional anthem, lyrics and all, as its national anthem for a time before replacing the lyrics in 1994.
This was in contrast to other former Soviet states like Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan that appropriated their old Soviet-era regional anthems as national ones but did so without the Soviet lyrics.
The Cyrillic script is the only official script of the country and the Perso-Arabic script is not well known in the country itself and is just provided as a comparison to the Tajik language since it is a dialect of Persian.
PIPE listed on the then Australian Stock Exchange on 17 May 2005 as PIPE Networks Limited with a stock code of: PWK.
In January 2008, PIPE Networks announced it would be constructing a $200 million international link, known as PPC-1 (Pipe Pacific Cable), from Sydney to Guam.
In April 2008, PIPE Networks entered into a joint venture with New Zealand-based Kordia to build an undersea fibre optic cable between New Zealand and Australia.
In March 2010, shareholders voted to accept a $373 million takeover offer by TPG Telecom Ltd. for $6.30 per share (TPG Annual Report 2010, p48).
Roter received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Waterloo and left part-way through his master's degree to focus full-time on Engineers Without Borders.
The reorganization was scheduled to have been completed by 1 October 1995, with homeport changes to be completed within the next year.
The exercise was conducted off the coast of southern California and also included units from the Air Force, Army and Japan.
These flights included nine separate combat strikes and more than 43 tons of ordnance expended on various Iraqi air defense sites in response to Iraqi aggression against coalition aircraft.
The entire battle group had trained the previous six months in preparation for this deployment through a series of increasingly challenging exercises and operations.
Over the following six months, battle group ships conducted multi-national and joint operations with the navies of various allied countries and visit ports in Western Pacific and Persian Gulf nations.
The United States Navy Surface Force was scheduled to begin, in the summer of 2002, an initiative to test the effectiveness of deploying a single ship for 18-months while swapping out crews at six-month intervals.
Additionally, by executing this plan, the Navy would be able to eliminate the deployment of because the additional on-station time generated by swapping out the crews meant a ship would already be in theater meeting that requirement.
The Insular Cases are a series of opinions by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1901, about the status of U.S. territories acquired in the Spanish–American War, and the periods shortly thereafter.
When the war ended in 1898, the United States had to answer the question of whether or not people in newly acquired territories were citizens, a question the country had never faced before.
The preliminary answer came from a series of Supreme Court rulings, now known as the Insular Cases, which responded to the question of how American constitutional rights apply to those in United States territories.
Today, many legal scholars refer to the Insular Cases as a constitutional justification for colonialism and annexation of places not within United States boundaries.
The Court also established the doctrine of territorial incorporation, under which the Constitution applied fully only in incorporated territories such as Alaska and Hawaii.
The Supreme Court created the distinction that unincorporated territories were not on the path to statehood, which effectively allowed for the Constitution to apply differently.
In 1898, the United States signed the Treaty of Paris (which entered into force April 11, 1899), which ended the Spanish–American War and granted the United States the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Since there was nothing in the United States Constitution about governing newly acquired territories, the government used the guideline from Title IX of the Treaty of Paris.
After Title IX of the Treaty of Paris came the Foraker Act of 1900, which established American rule in Puerto Rico for all of the twentieth century.
The act allowed the United States to appoint the governor, a portion of the legislature, and the entirety of the Supreme court.
These two documents precede the Insular Cases and set a precedent on the status of the United States' new territories prior to the Supreme Court's rulings.
In addition to the Treaty of Paris and the Foraker Act, the Citizenship Clause found within the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution informed the Insular Case decisions.
However, the Insular Cases soon set a precedent that the territories are not inherently part of the United States and therefore the Citizenship Clause does not automatically apply.
Furthermore, the Citizenship Clause was crucial throughout the 1800s in the United States as the country expanded and full citizenship was extended.
The most important doctrinal lines from the Insular Cases include the idea of incorporated and unincorporated territories and the overarching principle that the Constitution does not inherently extend to unincorporated territories.
Certain Insular Case rulings had a greater impact on the legacy of the Insular Cases than others, which are discussed below.
Although the Uniformity Clause states that Congress must enforce tariffs equally throughout the United States, the Supreme Court created a distinction between territories that were fully part of the union and those that were not, allowing them to ignore the Uniformity Clause.
In 1901 and the era of the Insular Cases, the areas that became unincorporated territories were Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
The U.S. Congress passed a resolution that collected the relevant records, briefs, and oral arguments of the 1901 cases concerning the U.S.
The reaction within the United States to the Insular decisions was no different, with both supporters and dissenters voicing their opinions.
Furthermore, Bartholomew Sparrow notes that almost all of the Insular Case opinions were 5–4 within the Supreme Court, demonstrating the contentious nature of the topic even from the highest voice of law in the United States.
Reactions to the Insular Cases also exemplify the divide that existed at the time in the United States government surrounding empire building.
Newspapers, often a beacon of public opinion, around the United States also took great interest in the outcome of the Insular Cases.
The commentary from local newspapers is important because it is reflective of the opinions of the people living in the areas.
(Cognitive Science minor) from the University of Waterloo, and a Masters in Development Studies from the University of Cambridge, as well as an honourary Doctor of Engineering, also from the University of Waterloo.
Federation of Thai Industries (FTI) also formerly known as the Association of Thai Industries (ATI), came into existence on November 13, 1967, and was upgraded on December 29, 1987.
The main objectives of FTI are to represent Thai manufacturers at both national and international levels, to help promote and develop industrial enterprises, to work with the government in setting up national policies, and to offer consulting services to members.
The ship was named for Chief Carpenter John Arnold Austin (1905-1941) who was killed in action on board during the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces on 7 December 1941, and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.
Assigned to Escort Division (CortDiv) 14, the ship conducted shakedown training out of San Diego between 23 March and 23 April.
She returned to San Diego on 11 May and began convoy escort missions between the West Coast and the Hawaiian Islands.
On 2 September, she stood out of that base; shaped a course for the Aleutian Islands; and, on 14 September, joined the Alaskan Sea Frontier.
The warship departed Alaska on 23 September 1944; arrived in San Francisco, California, a week later, and received a regular overhaul which lasted until 17 November.
On 1 April, the destroyer escort reported for duty with forces assigned to the Commander, Forward Areas, and, for a little more than two months, conducted anti-submarine patrols and air-sea rescue missions out of Ulithi Atoll in the Western Caroline Islands.
In addition to anti-submarine patrols and air/sea rescue missions, she escorted convoys to such places as Iwo Jima, Eniwetok, and Okinawa.
Following the cessation of hostilities in mid-August, she conducted search missions in the northern Marianas for enemy holdouts and for survivors of downed B-29's.
On 12 October, she departed Guam in company with the other ships of CortDiv 14, bound for San Pedro, California, and inactivation.
On 17 November, she reported to the Commander, Western Sea Frontier, to prepare for decommissioning and, on 21 December 1945, was placed out of commission at Terminal Island Naval Shipyard.
John (; 12 December 1801 – 29 October 1873) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.
He was born in Dresden, the third son of Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony—younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his first wife, Carolina of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.
During most of his life, John stood little chance of inheriting the Saxon Crown: he was preceded by his father and two older brothers, Frederick Augustus and Clement.
However, in 1822 Clement died unmarried in Italy, and John was now only preceded in the line of succession by his older brother Frederick Augustus.
When his uncle Anton succeeded his older brother as king (1827), John became the third in line to the throne, and after his father Maximilian renounced his succession rights in 1830, John became in the second in line.
John's older brother became King Frederick Augustus II in 1836; now he was the first in line of succession to the throne.
The Judiciary Organization of 1855, the extension of the railroad network, the introduction of the freedom of trade are attributed mainly to his suggestion and promotion.
Finally, after the defeat of the Battle of Königgrätz, Saxony joined the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire under the hegemony of the Kingdom of Prussia.
In Munich on 10 November 1822 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 21 November 1822 (in person), Johann married with the Princess Amalia of Bavaria (Amalie Auguste), daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.
The Walt Disney Company hired the band to create themes for their television shows, and attractions at the Tokyo Disney Resort.
They later signed with Virgin Music America and Toshiba-EMI in Japan, due to that label's promises to break the group into the American market—something Sony was unwilling to do.
It would be the band's final album as a trio, and Takahiro Nishikawa would depart the band shortly after its release.
Part of the failure of the Virgin-DCT relationship can be laid at the label's attempt to renovate the band into something the American audiences could relate to.
Nishikawa himself states both he and longtime DCT producer Mike Pela were forced out by Virgin because they did not fit into the label's makeover for the band.
However, he also adds that prior to that, he had not been touring with DCT for some time, which supports the official account.
Their DVD and Blu-Ray of their 20th Anniversary tour is one of the first concert videos to be filmed with the RED One high-definition camera.
Lady Barbara FitzRoy (16 July 1672 – 6 May 1737), was the sixth and youngest child of Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, a mistress of Charles II of England.
Although her mother insisted she was a daughter of the king, Barbara was probably fathered by either John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough, a second cousin of her mother, or Lord Chesterfield, whom she is said to have resembled in her features.
Finally, it may be remarked that her mother's husband, Lord Castlemaine, believed her to be his daughter, and bequeathed her his estate.
In March 1691, eighteen-year-old Barbara gave birth to an illegitimate son of the Earl of Arran, whom she named Charles Hamilton (1691-1754).
Right after giving birth, she became a nun in the English Priory of St. Nicholas, at Pontoise in Normandy, France, taking the name Sister Benedicta, where she later became prioress in 1721.
My name in the world is Barbe Fitz Roy, in Religion it is Benedicta, daughter of the King of Great Britain, Charles II.
The illusion is caused by a human tendency to underpredict the amount of variability likely to appear in a small sample of random or semi-random data.
Thomas Gilovich, an early author on the subject, argued that the effect occurs for different types of random dispersions, including two-dimensional data such as clusters in the locations of impact of World War II V-1 flying bombs on maps of London; or seeing patterns in stock market price fluctuations over time.
Although Londoners developed specific theories about the pattern of impacts within London, a statistical analysis by R. D. Clarke originally published in 1946 showed that the impacts of V-2 rockets on London were a close fit to a random distribution.
Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky explained this kind of misprediction as being caused by the representativeness heuristic (which itself they also first proposed).
The story describes a few days in the life of a five-year-old named Jenny, her father, Martin, and his boyfriend Eric who lives with them.
In 1986 various newspapers reported that a copy of the book was provided in the library of a school run by the Labour-controlled Inner London Education Authority (ILEA).
A complaint was made to the Press Council regarding the press coverage as the book had not actually been made available to children but only one copy had been purchased and made available to teachers through the Isledon Teachers Centre.
In response to Baker's intervention, Frances Morrell, the leader of ILEA, said that the very limited use of the book in local authority schools was consistent with the government's requirements on sex education.
The standardized form instead originated from an orthography used by the Quraysh tribe from Mecca in the 6th century CE, which became common and widespread during the Rashidun Caliphate era.
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is its direct descendant used today throughout the Arab world in writing and in formal speaking, for example, prepared speeches, some radio broadcasts, and non-entertainment content; it is also used in modernized versions of the Quran and revised editions of poetries and novels from Umayyad and Abbasid times (7th to 9th centuries).
While the lexis and stylistics of Modern Standard Arabic are different from Classical Arabic, the morphology and syntax have remained basically unchanged (though MSA uses a subset of the syntactic structures available in CA).
The earliest forms of Arabic are known as Old Arabic and survive in inscriptions in Ancient North Arabian scripts as well as fragments of pre-Islamic poetry preserved in the classical literature.
Its distinctive features, such as loss of final short vowels, loss of hamza, lenition of final /-at/ to /-ah/, and lack of nunation, influenced the later orthography of Classical Arabic as a standard literary register in the 8th century.
During the first Islamic century the majority of Arabic poets and Arabic-writing persons spoke a form of Arabic as their mother tongue.
By the 2nd century AH, the language had been standardized by Arab grammarians and knowledge of Classical Arabic became an essential prerequisite for rising into the higher classes throughout the Islamic world, as it was the lingua franca across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa, eventually developing into the modern situation of diglossia.
Various Arabic dialects freely borrowed words from Classical Arabic, a situation is similar to Romance languages, wherein scores of words were borrowed directly from Classical Latin.
People may speak Classical Arabic as a second language if they speak colloquial Arabic dialects as their first language, but as a third language if others speak other languages native to a country as their first language and colloquial Arabic dialects as their second language.
The differentiation of the pronunciation and vocabulary of vernaculars was influenced by native languages spoken in the regions, such as Coptic in Egypt; Berber and Punic in North Africa; Himyaritic, Modern South Arabian, and Old South Arabian in Yemen; and Aramaic in the Levant.
The definite article spread areally among the Central Semitic languages and it would seem that Proto-Arabic lacked any overt marking of definiteness.
Proto-Central Semitic, Proto-Arabic, various forms of Old Arabic, and some modern Najdi dialects to this day have alternation in the performative vowel of the prefix conjugation, depending on the stem vowel of the verb.
Henry Clay Folger Jr. (June 18, 1857 – June 11, 1930) was president and later chairman of Standard Oil of New York, a collector of Shakespeareana, and founder of the Folger Shakespeare Library.
Henry Clay Folger Jr. was born in New York City to Henry Clay Folger Sr. of Nantucket, Massachusetts and Eliza Jane (Clark) Folger of New York, the oldest of their eight children.
He prepared at Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, New York, where he was acquainted with Charles Pratt, the businessman and president of the Adelphi board of trustees who became a mentor to Folger.
He then attended Amherst College with Charles Millard Pratt, a close friend who was the son of Folger's mentor from the Adelphi Academy.
To fund his education, Folger participated in many oratorical essay contests; he won prizes for competitions in 1876 and 1879, the latter of which paid for his junior year of school.
Emily, however, later attributed the origin of Folger's fascination with Shakespeare to an 1879 lecture by Ralph Waldo Emerson, whose elegant and eloquent delivery sounded Shakespearean to the college student.
Beginning in 1881, he worked for the Standard Oil trust of John D. Rockefeller, getting his start in the oil business as a clerk at Charles Pratt & Company, a refinery owned by Charles Pratt, the father of his Adelphi and Amherst classmate Charles Millard Pratt.
Folger quickly showed his prowess as a mathematician and statistician; his management of data on oil processing led to a promotion in 1886, when he became the secretary of Standard Oil's manufacturing committee.
Folger's assets increased in 1899, when he was promoted to chairman of the manufacturing committee, the same year that Standard Oil of New Jersey became the central holding company for the Standard Oil Trust, which dissolved after the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
In 1908, he was elected assistant treasurer of Jersey Standard, and joined its board of sixteen directors, managing the company's finances and compiling production data.
The 1911 Supreme Court decision to break up the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey monopoly resulted in the election of Folger as president of the second-largest company formed from the dissolved Jersey Standard, the Standard Oil Company of New York, or Socony.
Folger also owned significant amounts of stock in the Magnolia Petroleum Company, a Texan company that became a fully owned subsidiary of Socony in 1925.
He retired as president in 1923, but stayed at Socony as the first chairman of its board of trustees until 1928, when he officially retired to devote all of his attention to plans for his Shakespeare Library.
Henry Clay Folger met Emily Clara Jordan in the early 1880s at a meeting of the Irving Literary Circle in Brooklyn.
They married on October 6, 1885 at Westminster Presbyterian Church in Elizabeth, New Jersey, where Emily had spent her teenage years.
They lived in rented houses in Brooklyn throughout most of their lives, moving to Bedford-Stuyvesant in 1895 and to 24 Brevoot Place in 1910, but later purchased an estate in Glen Cove, Long Island in 1929.
The Folgers took annual vacations to The Homestead resort in Hot Springs, Virginia, where Henry enjoyed participating in golf tournaments in his later years.
Based on their collective knowledge of Latin and French, and Emily's proficiency in German, the couple also favored rare volumes published on the Continent in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
The couple was less interested in art collection, and many of the Shakespeare-related paintings they purchased were misattributed to artists like Thomas Gainsborough.
The Folgers chose items to purchase from booksellers' catalogues, which were initially perused and marked up by Emily, before she passed them on to Henry, who kept an extensive and precise list of items he intended to bid on.
Due to the growing size of the collection and their concern for fireproofing, eventually few of the Folgers' acquisitions were stored in their living space.
They kept an extensive card catalog at home in Brooklyn, and when traveling, took a smaller, annotated set of check lists along with them.
The collection itself was stored among several fireproof warehouse companies throughout Manhattan, in specially-designed wooden cases originally meant to hold two five-gallon cans of oil each.
His high placement at Standard Oil also allowed him to take out loans with his friend Charles Millard Pratt, John D. Rockefeller, and even his wife, to fund his purchases.
He generally paid for items in cash, a strategy that earned him the favor of many booksellers who needed immediate funds.
Folger also preferred to purchase whole collections, like the Halliwell-Phillipps collection, acquired in 1908, because bulk purchases drove down prices of individual items.
In 1909, Folger established a Shakespeare Prize at Amherst; winning students won a cash prize, and their essays joined Folger's collection and currently reside in the Folger Shakespeare Library.
Early in his career at Standard Oil and as a collector, Folger doubted that he would eventually have the funds to build a memorial or library for his growing collection, and in 1895 he offered to sell it to John D. Rockefeller, who refused.
Before he acquired the funds for what was to become the Folger Shakespeare Library, Folger also debated selling the collection to a university.
Among the sites he and Emily considered were Amherst and Nantucket, Massachusetts, the University of Chicago, New York City, and Stratford-upon-Avon, before they settled on a Washington, D.C. site they discovered in 1918 during a layover in the city while traveling to Hot Springs.
Folger spent nine years purchasing the fourteen row houses that occupied the block of East Capitol Street between First and Second Streets, which he would demolish to build his Library; thus, they did not make their choice of a site on Capitol Hill public until 1928.
Soon afterwards, Congress passed a resolution allowing use of the land on East Capitol Street where the Folger Shakespeare Library now stands.
After the passage of this legislation, Folger hired Paul Philippe Cret as the Library's architect, suggested by Alexander Trowbridge, an architect who had married into the Pratt family and stayed on the project as consulting architect.
The inclusion of an Elizabethan theater within the Library's main building was also Folger's idea, though he intended it as a venue for academic lectures rather than performances.
With additional funding from Emily Folger, the library opened in 1932 on April 23, the date traditionally believed to be Shakespeare's birthday.
Folger was a trustee of the Hamilton Trust Company, Brooklyn, New York, and a director of Seaboard National Bank in New York.
Outside of work, his great interests were his Shakespeare collection and, in later life, golf, which he often played with Rockefeller.
He was a trustee of the Central Congregational Church in Brooklyn and established the Shakespeare Garden at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
Henry's ashes were interred beneath the Folgers' copy of Shakespeare's funerary monument in what is now the Folger Shakespeare Library's Old Reading Room.
Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a form of bodywork or alternative therapy that uses gentle touch to palpate the synarthrodial joints of the cranium.
It is based on fundamental misconceptions about the physiology of the human skull and is promoted as a cure-all for a variety of health conditions.
CST therapy was invented in the 1970s by John Upledger, an osteopathic physician, as an offshoot of cranial osteopathy, which had been devised in the 1930s by William Garner Sutherland.
Medical research has found no good evidence that either CST or cranial osteopathy confers any health benefit, and they can be harmful, particularly if used on children or infants.
Practitioners of CST claim it is effective in treating a wide range of conditions, sometimes claiming it is a cancer cure, or a cure-all.
Cranial osteopathy has received a similar assessment, with one 1990 paper finding there was no scientific basis for any of the practitioners' claims the paper examined.
Ernst criticized a 2011 systematic review performed by Jakel and von Hauenschild for inclusion of observational studies and including studies with healthy volunteers.
This review concluded that the evidence base surrounding craniosacral therapy and its efficacy was sparse and composed of studies with heterogeneous design.
Tests show that CST practitioners cannot in fact identify the purported craniosacral pulse, and different practitioners will get different results for the same patient.
Edzard Ernt writes that in 2005 in the United Kingdom, a foundation of the Prince of Wales issued a booklet listing CST as one of several popular alternative therapies, but admitting that the therapy was unregulated and lacked either a defined training program or the oversight of a professional body.
The fundamental concepts of cranial osteopathy and CST are inconsistent with the known anatomy and physiology of the human skull, brain and spine.
In common with many other varieties of alternative medicine, CST practitioners believe all illness is caused by energy or fluid blockages which can be released by physical manipulation.
Practitioners of both cranial osteopathy and craniosacral therapy assert that there are small, rhythmic motions of the cranial bones attributed to cerebrospinal fluid pressure or arterial pressure.
The premise of CST is that palpation of the cranium can be used to detect this rhythmic movement of the cranial bones and selective pressures may be used to manipulate the cranial bones to achieve a therapeutic result.
From 1975 to 1983, Upledger and neurophysiologist and histologist Ernest W. Retzlaff worked at Michigan State University as clinical researchers and professors.
Upledger and Retzlaff went on to publish their results, which they interpreted as support for both the concept of cranial bone movement, and the concept of a cranial rhythm.
Later independent reviews of these studies concluded that they presented no good evidence for the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy or the existence of the proposed cranial bone movement.
Mangrai (; ; 1238–1311), also known as Mengrai (), was the 25th king of Ngoenyang (r. 1261–1292) and the first king of Lanna (r. 1292–1311).
King Mangrai was born on October 2, 1238 in Ngoen Yang (present day Chiang Saen) Thailand on the Mekong River, a son of the local ruler Lao Meng and his wife Ua Ming Chom Mueang, a princess from the Tai Lue city of Chiang Rung, which is now called Jinghong, in Sipsongpanna (Xishuangbanna), China.
In 1259, Mangrai succeeded his father to become the first independent king of the unified Tai city states in northern Lanna and what is now northern Laos.
Seeing the Tai states were disunited and in danger, Mangrai quickly expanded his kingdom by conquering Muang Lai, Chiang Kham and Chiang Khong and initiating alliances with other states.
In 1287, Mangrai first made peace between King Ngam Muang of Phayao and King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai, who had seduced the former's queen.
While still living in the area of Fang he was visited by merchants from the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai (Haripunjaya, now known as Lamphun).
As it was thought impossible to take the city by force, Mangrai sent a merchant named Ai Fa as a mole to gain the confidence of its King Yi Ba.
In 1291, with the people in a state of discontent, Mangrai defeated the Mon kingdom and added Haripunchai to his kingdom.
After defeating the Hariphunchai kingdom, Mangrai decided to relocate his capital, and in 1294, Wiang Kum Kam was founded on the eastern bank of the Ping River.
The site was plagued with floods, and a new site was chosen several kilometres to the northwest at the foot of Doi Suthep, on the site of an older fortified town of the Lua people.
King Boek fled by way of the Doi Khun Tan mountain range between Lamphun and Lampang, but he was caught and executed.
King Mangrai's troops occupied the city of Lampang, and King Yi Ba was made to flee further south, this time to Phitsanulok.
King Mangrai's eldest son grew tired of waiting and tried to seize the throne, but his attempt failed and he was executed.
Not until the ascension of the Mangrai's grandson, Kham Fu, in 1328 did the kingdom achieve the stability it had had during the lifetime of its founder.
Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director.
He is the youngest of three sons and grew up in what is now known as the Dundee-Happy Hollow Historic District, the same neighborhood as billionaire Warren Buffett.
At Prep, Payne wrote a humor column for his high school newspaper and was the editor of the high school yearbook.
He later lived a few months in Medellin, Colombia, where he published an article about social changes between 1900 and 1930.
In the 1960s, Payne's father received a Super 8mm projector from Kraft Foods as a loyalty reward, and eventually passed it on to his son when Alexander was about 14 years old.
He says that he cleared about $60,000, which was enough to fund his simple lifestyle at the time for about five years.
Payne disliked the final product, stating that Adam Sandler rewrote so much of the story that almost all of what Payne and Taylor wrote was gone.
He was scheduled to direct a film produced for Netflix based on the life of Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgard starring Mads Mikkelsen, but in October 2019 the production was cancelled a week before filming was to begin due to Knausgard objecting to his life story being turned into a feature film.
Payne's films often revolve around middle-aged or older men who reach a breaking point in their lives, enter into transformative existential crises, and then emerge in the end as changed people, for better or worse.
His films sometimes include scenes of historical landmarks, black and white photographs, and museums, and he often uses amateur actors for minor roles.
In 2005, he became a member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Directors Branch).
The divorce was officially finalized on December 22, 2006, although the former couple took more than two years to settle their finances.
In 2015, Payne married Maria Kontos, a Greek philologist he met while visiting the Aigio region of Greece where some of his ancestors originated.
Payne is a long-time supporter of the Nebraska Coast Connection, a social networking organization that meets monthly in Culver City, CA.
In 2012, he was named as a member of the Jury for the Main Competition at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.
In 2014, The Location Managers Guild of America honored Alexander with their inaugural Eva Monley Award for his masterful use of location as another character.
He is a friend of most of the people at the CIA and often gives advice to the other characters, as an outside observer to all of the personal goings-on at the CIA.
He initially served as a humorous foil and sounding board for Michael Vaughn in the first season, but with the integration of the former members of SD-6 and the CIA, he gives advice to many of the other characters, including Sydney and Marshall Flinkman.
When Marshall's fiancée, Carrie Bowman, went into labor at CIA headquarters, she insisted on being married before the baby was born.
Weiss has played ice hockey in goal against Vaughn but really seems to like bowling (4.05 Liberty Village) because of the cheesy disco music, glow in the dark pins and all you can eat hot dogs after ten.
They were just good friends, Weiss gave Sydney a third edition Alice in Wonderland to try to make up for the loss of all her stuff in her apartment fire at the end of the second season.
In the second episode of season 4, upon meeting Nadia for the first time, he introduced himself as 38 and single.
when he used his high ranking position to extract a team of APO agents who had infiltrated CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
George Henry Murray (June 7, 1861 – January 6, 1929) was a Nova Scotia politician who served as the province's eighth premier for 26 years and 188 days, the longest unbroken tenure for a head of government in Canadian history.
Despite his electoral failures he was highly regarded within the Liberal Party and was nominated by Premier William Stevens Fielding to succeed him when Fielding left provincial politics in 1896 to join the federal cabinet of Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Murray was sworn in as premier and took a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly when he was acclaimed as a candidate in Victoria County.
His government continued the public works projects of his predecessor, particularly in the area of railways (doubling the province's track mileage within a decade), as well as road and bridge construction.
Murray's government was instrumental in improving the province's post-secondary education system, particularly in the area of agricultural and vocational education through the founding of the Nova Scotia Agricultural College at Bible Hill as well as the Nova Scotia Technical College in Halifax.
The Murray government also introduced progressive labour legislation such as the Factories Act in 1908 and workman's compensation for injuries on the job in 1915.
In the area of public health the Murray government appointed public health officers, establishing county health clinics and founded a research hospital for tuberculosis patients.
He twice declined the offer of knighthood and twice refused earlier offers to join the federal cabinet of Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
The Springfield Armory, located in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, was the primary center for the manufacture of United States military firearms from 1777 until its closing in 1968.
It was the first federal armory and one of the first factories in the United States dedicated to the manufacture of weapons.
Famous first as the United States' primary arsenal during the American Revolutionary War, and then as the scene of a confrontation during Shays' Rebellion, the Springfield Armory in the 19th and 20th centuries became the site of numerous technological innovations of global importance, including interchangeable parts, the assembly line style of mass production, and modern business practices, such as hourly wages.
The facility would play a decisive role in the American Civil War, producing most of the weaponry used by Union troops which, in sum, outpaced Confederate firearm production by a ratio of 32 to 1.
American historian Merritt Roe Smith has posited that advancements in machine manufacturing which allowed the facility to increase production capacity by more than 25 fold, from 9,601 rifles in 1860 to 276,200 in 1864, served as a precursor to the mass production of the Second Industrial Revolution and 20th century assembly line production.
Local and colonial militia used the bluff on which the Springfield Armory would become located during the 17th century for militia training, particularly after the Attack on Springfield during King Philip's War.
In 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, George Washington scouted and approved the site of the Springfield Armory, after it was referred to him by General Henry Knox, his artillery chief.
Although a small town at the time, Springfield, Massachusetts, offered obvious geographical advantages—it lay at the intersection of three rivers (including the major Connecticut River), and four major roads headed toward New York City, Boston, Albany, and Montreal.
Additionally, Springfield is located just north of the Connecticut River's first waterfall (Enfield Falls), which is too steep to be navigated by ocean-going vessels.
The Armory site itself sits atop a high bluff like a citadel, overlooking a wide stretch of the Connecticut River, at its confluence with the Westfield River.
Some time later, when manufacturing became important, the arsenal expanded to a second area south and west in Springfield, where water power was available.
In 1786 and 1787, American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led an armed, populist uprising that attempted to overthrow the Government of Massachusetts.
On January 25, 1787, thousands of Shays' Regulators marched on the Springfield Armory, hoping to seize its weaponry and force a change of government.
That day the Springfield Armory was defended by state militia, who fired grape shot at the rebels, forcing them to flee.
In 1793, the National Arsenal contained brass ordnance, howitzers, traveling carriages, shot strapt, canisters filled, quilted grape, iron shot, shells, powder, musket ball, cylinders, caps, paper cartridges, fuzes filled, muskets, swords, various military stores, and implements.
In 1795, the Springfield Armory produced the new nation's first musket - the Model 1795 Musket which was largely patterned after the French Charleville musket which had armed the French army during the American Revolution.
Its monthly reports to the War Department are online, and they indicate it made 9588 new muskets in 1814 and repaired 5190 old ones that year.
The large drum turned two wheels: a friction wheel that followed the contours of the metal rifle pattern, and the cutting wheel that imitated the movements of the friction wheel to make an exact replica of the pattern in wood.
In the 1840s the old flintlock gave way to a percussion ignition system that increased the reliability and simplicity of longarms.
Much of this grew out of the military's fascination with interchangeable parts, which was based on the theory that it would be easier to simply replace firearm parts than make battlefield repairs.
Mass production of truly interchangeable parts demanded greater use of machines, improved gauging, quality control, and division of labor; all characteristics of the Industrial Revolution.
Colonel Roswell Lee, hired as superintendent in 1815, brought centralized authority, cost accounting for payroll, time, and materials, and increased discipline to a manufacturing environment—all business practices still in use today.
With the destruction of the Harpers Ferry Armory early in the American Civil War, the Springfield Armory was briefly the only government manufacturer of arms, until the Rock Island Arsenal was established in 1862.
During this time production ramped up to unprecedented levels ever seen in American manufacturing up until that time, with only 9,601 rifles manufactured in 1860, rising to a peak of 276,200 by 1864.
These advancements would not only give the Union a decisive technological advantage over the Confederacy during the war but served as a precursor to the mass production manufacturing that contributed to the post-war Second Industrial Revolution and 20th century machine manufacturing capabilities.
American historian Merritt Roe Smith has drawn comparisons between the early assembly machining of the Springfield rifles and the later production of the Ford Model T, with the latter having considerably more parts, but producing a similar numbers of units in the earliest years of the 1913-1915 automobile assembly line, indirectly due to mass production manufacturing advancements pioneered by the armory 50 years earlier.
In 1891 a new function was assigned to the Armory—it became the army's main laboratory for the development and testing of new small arms.
One of the most distinctive elements of the Armory is the fence surrounding the site, which was started after the Civil War and completed in 1890.
Unable to find funding for the purchase of a fence, Major James W. Ripley requested obsolete cannons from government storage, some from the Revolutionary War.
The foundry kept some of the iron as payment, and the remainder was cast into 9-foot palings, formed as pikes and spearheads which were then sunk into a red sandstone base.
On August 15, 1900, Springfield Armory completed an experimental magazine rifle which they believed to be an improvement over the Krag.
They fashioned a clip loading magazine rifle in which the cartridges were contained within the stock, preventing damage to an otherwise exposed magazine.
By the time that the United States entered World War I, approximately 843,239 standard service Model 1903 rifles had been manufactured.
These, along with the additional 47,251 rifles produced by the Rock Island Arsenal and the weapons already in service, were enough to supply the war effort.
During World War I the Springfield Armory produced ≈25,000 M1911 pistols before all facilities were dedicated to production of M1903 rifles.
This began what was to become the greatest production effort in the armory's history: during the entire production history of the M1 rifle, the Springfield Armory produced over 4.5 million of them.
In the face of overwhelming odds, the capability of the M1 rifle to deliver superior firepower would most often carry the day.
The last small arm developed by the Armory was the M14 rifle, which was, essentially, a highly modified version of the M1 Garand.
The M14 was produced from 1959 to 1964 and was the U.S. Army's primary combat rifle until being replaced by the M16 rifle gradually from 1964 to 1970.
By the time the U.S. was involved in the Vietnam War, Springfield Armory developed not only rifles but machine guns for ground and air use, grenade launchers, and associated equipment.
Many weapons were not manufactured at the Armory, but plans and specifications were drawn up for the use of private contractors who built them elsewhere, representing an economic shift toward the American private arms industry.
As of 2011, the 35 acres behind the Springfield Armory (and several of its former buildings) house Springfield Technical Community College (STCC).
The Main Arsenal Building and the Commandants House were extensively renovated by Eastern General Contractors of Springfield, MA between 1987 and 1991.
The Main Arsenal now houses the Springfield Armory Museum, which includes the Benton Small Arms Collection, one of the largest collections of weaponry.
Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet (21 June 1784 – 19 September 1854) was Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras from 1814 to 1822, Van Diemen's Land (present-day Tasmania) from 1823 to 1837.
He later served as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1838 to 1841, and Governor of Bombay from 1842 to 1846.
He recuperated and was promoted to captain under Sir James Kempt in Sicily in 1808, and participated in the Walcheren expedition in 1809.
Their daughter Catherine married Sir Henry Bartle Frere after he had been her father's personal secretary for two years in Bombay, and gave birth to the poet Mary Frere.
In 1814 he was appointed lieutenant governor of British Honduras, holding at the same time the rank of colonel on the staff, thus exercising the military command as well as the civil government.
His dispatches about the suppression of a slave revolt in Honduras were seen by William Wilberforce and other philanthropists, and contributed in no slight degree to the 1834 abolition of slavery within the British Empire.
At the time Van Diemen's Land was the main British penal colony and it was separated from New South Wales in 1825.
It was during Arthur's time in office that Van Diemen's Land gained much of its notorious reputation as a harsh penal colony.
He selected Port Arthur as the ideal location for a prison settlement, on a peninsula connected by a narrow, easily guarded isthmus, surrounded by shark-infested seas.
He is also associated with the repression and persecution of the Aboriginal population in the conflict known as the Black War.
Throughout the 1820s Arthur had instituted various measures to protect settlers from Aboriginal attacks, including the stationing of garrison troops in remote farmhouses and the dispatch of combined military and police teams into the wilderness to track indigenous bands.
In its absence, and given the increasing attacks on both side, on 27 August 1830 Arthur obtained Executive Council approval for a declaration of martial law.
The centrepiece of Arthur's military efforts would be the Black Line fiasco, which was intended to drive the Aborigines from the colony's grazing land onto isolated peninsulas where they could be controlled.
He failed in his attempts to reform the colony and the system of penal transportation with Arthur's autocratic and authoritarian rule leading to his recall in January 1836.
In 1837 Arthur was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order (KCH), given the rank of Major General on the staff.
From the very start of his administration, he had to deal with the aftermath of the Upper Canada Rebellion and was instrumental in the execution of Peter Matthews (rebel) and Samuel Lount.
In the same year, Upper Canada was invaded by a band of American sympathizers, one of a series of attempts to subvert British authority in Upper and Lower Canada.
He failed to address the issues of fixing colonial administration from the influence of Family Compact, and was replaced by Lord Durham while the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada sat betimes.
He displayed great tact in the office, as well as ability, and this helped in extending and strengthening British rule in India.
He was appointed provisional governor-general, but did not assume office, as he was compelled by ill health to leave India before Lord Hardinge vacated the governor-generalship.
During his tenure, he inaugurated the famous 'Grant Medical College' in Bombay (1846 AD) one of the first three Medical Colleges in India teaching the western medical sciences.
The other two being, the Medical College, Bengal (1835 AD) and Madras Medical College (Formerly Madras Medical School in 1835 and later, Madras Medical College in 1850 AD).
On his return to England in 1846, he was made a privy councillor, and in 1853 he received the colonelcy of the 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot.
Toner is a powder mixture used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the printed text and images on the paper, in general through a toner cartridge.
Mostly granulated plastic, early mixtures only added carbon powder and iron oxide, however, mixtures have since been developed containing polypropylene, fumed silica, and various minerals for triboelectrification.
In earlier photocopiers, this low-cost carbon toner was poured by the user from a bottle into a reservoir in the machine.
Laser toner cartridges for use in color copiers and printers come in sets of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK), allowing a very large color gamut to be generated by mixing.
The specific polymer used varies by manufacturer but can be a styrene acrylate copolymer, a polyester resin, a styrene butadiene copolymer, or a few other special polymers.
Further reductions in particle size producing further improvements in resolution are being developed through the application of new technologies such as Emulsion-Aggregation.
Toner manufacturers maintain a quality control standard for particle size distribution in order to produce a powder suitable for use in their printers.
Toner has traditionally been made by compounding the ingredients and creating a slab which was broken or pelletized, then turned into a fine powder with a controlled particle size range by air jet milling.
Toner particles have electrostatic properties by design and can develop static-electric charges when they rub against other particles, objects, or the interiors of transport systems and vacuum cleaner hoses.
Static discharge from charged toner particles theoretically may ignite dust in the vacuum cleaner bag or create a small explosion if sufficient toner is airborne.
Toner particles are so fine that they are poorly filtered by household vacuum cleaner filter bags and can blow through the vacuum motor into the room.
So they also can cause overheating by clogging the motor filter and short circuit by their electric conductivity (carbon, iron) when they melt inside the motor.
If toner spills into the laser printer, a special type of vacuum cleaner with an electrically conductive hose and a high efficiency (HEPA) filter may be needed for effective cleaning.
As a fine powder, toner can remain suspended in the air for some period, and is considered to have health effects comparable to inert dust.
Following studies on bacteria in the 1970s that raised concerns about health effects resulting from pyrrole, a contaminant created during manufacture of the carbon black used in black toner, manufacturing processes were changed to eliminate pyrrole from the finished product.
Research by the Queensland University of Technology has indicated that some laser printers emit submicrometer particles which have been associated in other environmental studies with respiratory diseases .
(1991) reported that the responses to chronically inhaled copying toner, a plastic dust pigmented with carbon black, titanium dioxide and silica, were also similar qualitatively to titanium dioxide and diesel exhaust.
The toner container can be a simple pack, for toner storage and transportation, or further, a consumable component of the printer.
Original Equipment manufacturers such as HP and Canon as well as manufacturers of compatible toner cartridges use the toner in the process of manufacturing a brand new OEM cartridge.
Remanufactured and refilled toner cartridges are generally offered at a lower cost than original toner cartridges, having been either wholly remanufactured and then refilled with toner (the more-optimal method) or just refilled with toner (the less-optimal method)..
Classifying toner to the desired size distribution produces off-size rejects, but these become valuable feedstocks for the compounding operation, and are recycled this way.
In early printers, as much as 20 to 25% of feed toner would wind up in the cleaner sump and be discarded as waste.
Improved printer efficiencies have reduced this waste stream to lower levels, although on average 13% of the toner in each cartridge is still wasted.
Some printer designs have attempted to divert this waste toner back into the virgin toner reservoir for direct reuse in the printer; these attempts have met with mixed success as the composition of the toner will change by expending fusibles while retaining developer particles.
Most paper recycling facilities mix toner with other waste material, such as inks and resins, into a sludge with no commercial use.
In the UK, large compatible ink cartridge manufacturers like Jet Tec & Dubaria have implemented toner recycling programs in order to receive back empty cartridges for refilling of HP, Lexmark, Dell, etc.
Since toner consists of several copolymers and it is a carbon-based material, it can be used as a useful modifier for the asphalt industry.
Such an application can be placed as an environmentally friendly alternative to prevent soil contamination due to the landfilling of waste toner.
Adding waste toner into asphalt binder and mixture decreases the binder's glass transition temperature and also, in the meantime increase the crystallization temperature as well.
A Breton lai, also known as a narrative lay or simply a lay, is a form of medieval French and English romance literature.
Zipes writes that Arthurian legends may have been brought from Wales, Cornwall and Ireland to Brittany; on the continent the songs were performed in various places by harpists, minstrels, storytellers.
From descriptions in Marie's lais, and in several anonymous Old French lais of the 13th century, we know of earlier lais of Celtic origin, perhaps more lyrical in style, sung by Breton minstrels.
It is believed that these Breton lyrical lais, none of which has survived, were introduced by a summary narrative setting the scene for a song, and that these summaries became the basis for the narrative lais.
The earliest written Breton lais were composed in a variety of Old French dialects, and some half dozen lais are known to have been composed in Middle English in the 13th and 14th centuries by various English authors.
An example of a 14th-century Breton lai has the king of the fairies carrying away a wife to the land of fairy.
Loyd Daniel Gilman Grossman (born 16 September 1950) is an American-British author, broadcaster and cultural campaigner who has mainly worked in the United Kingdom.
Grossman was born in Boston, Massachusetts on 16 September 1950 and raised in Marblehead, Massachusetts, the son of David K. Grossman and Helen Katherine (née Gilman).
in history before traveling to the United Kingdom in 1975 to study at the London School of Economics, where he received a master's degree in economic history.
He later returned to university at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he studied history of art, and received his MPhil and a PhD.
Grossman became involved with journalism as an undergraduate in Boston writing for a number of ‘underground’ and music publications including Boston After Dark, Fusion, Vibrations, the New York Review of Rock and Rolling Stone.
After graduation from the LSE he joined the staff of Harpers and Queen as Design Editor and subsequently went to work for The Sunday Times as Contributing Editor.
While at Harpers & Queen he was also the magazines restaurant critic a pursiot which he continued for thirteen years also writing about restaurants for GQ and The Sunday Times.
Grossman also appears as a guest artist with Ian Anderson and Jethro Tull when they play their annual concerts in aid of English cathedrals.
He is a former Commissioner of the Museums and Galleries Commission, a former Commissioner of English Heritage (where he was Chairman of the Museums Advisory Committee and the Blue Plaques Panel), and of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England.
He was a founding member of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council, past Chairman of the National Museums Liverpool, Deputy Chairman of Liverpool European Capital of Culture, Chairman of Culture Northwest and of the Public Monuments and Sculpture Association.
He was Chairman of the University for the Creative Arts from 2008 to 2012 and a member of the Court of Governors of the LSE from 1996 to 2009 and is now an Emeritus Governor.
He was Deputy Chair of the Royal Drawing School, a member of the Council of the British School at Rome, a member of the board of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions and a Governor of the Building Crafts College.
Grossman was Chairman of the Churches Conservation Trust from 2007 to 2016 and in 2009 became Chairman of the Heritage Alliance the UK organisation that represents more than 100 leading non-governmental organisations across the heritage sector.
Grossman is Chairman of The Royal Parks, Chairman of Gresham College, a Governor of the British Institute at Florence, a Governor of the Compton Verney House Trust and a trustee of the Warburg Charitable Trust.
Grossman is a Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Carpenters, an Honourary Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Past Master of the Worshipful Company of Arts Scholars.
Grossman was married to Deborah Puttnam, the daughter of the film producer David Puttnam, from 1985 to 2004 and they have two daughters.
His Mid-Atlantic accent reflects his Boston origins and has frequently been the subject of parody including in adverts for his own sauces.
Grossman was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2003 Birthday Honours for services to patient care and was advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to heritage.
He has Honorary doctorates from the University of Chester, the University of Lincoln and the University of Essex in recognition of his work for heritage and tourism.
At the beginning of the series, Will was just Sydney Bristow's friend and a local reporter with a Los Angeles newspaper.
Sydney, knowing the truth (Danny was killed because SD-6 found out he knew Sydney was a spy) asked Will to cease his investigation to protect him from the same fate.
However, after a short time, Will went on to investigate and soon found himself wrapped up in Sydney's world of espionage.
After a certain time, Will had acquired enough facts to write an article about SD-6 and handed it to his editor to publish if he didn't contact her within the next 7 days.
In that time, Tippin had planned to see the unknown voice in Paris in person, who had supported him in the last weeks with hints about SD-6 in general and Jack Bristow in particular.
Since he is now in danger because of his knowledge of SD-6, he is brought into a safehouse of the CIA in Los Angeles, only to be kidnapped out of that safehouse to Taipei by Julian Sark.
In order to discredit Tippin's story—and at the same time, save him from being killed by SD-6—Jack arranged for him to appear as a drug addict in order to condemn his trustworthiness as a newspaper reporter.
The Soviets became aware of the project and sent KGB operative Irina Derevko on an undercover mission to determine the specifics so they could enact their own version of the program.
Allison realizes Will is close to knowing the truth, and attempts to frame him for her crimes, drugging him and subjecting him to subliminal conditioning which would render him unable to recall his exact actions at certain times, but Sydney sees through this attempt.
When Will realizes the truth about Alison, she nearly kills him, but he recovers and is quickly shuttled into the Federal Witness Protection Program, removing him as a regular character for season three.
However, he did have a brief reappearance after he was sought out by Sydney, when a current mission required her to make contact with one of Will's old sources during his career as an analyst, and the two had a brief tryst.
During this reunion mission, Will finally encounters Allison and kills her for the murder of Francie, after which he returns to private life.
Later, it is discovered Will's captors (Prophet Five) have implanted a miniature bomb in his head, set to go off if Sydney doesn't deliver a Milo Rambaldi artifact to Anna aboard a train in Europe.
Will accompanies Sydney on the mission, which is once again a trap to gather more genetic material from Sydney (ultimately used to transform Anna into a genetic duplicate of Sydney in the same way Francie was replaced by Allison).
During this mission, Will informs Sydney he was planning on proposing to his girlfriend before he was kidnapped and asks Sydney to be his best man, to which she agrees with enthusiasm.
Secure Mobile Payment Service (SEMOPS) is a project for developing a secure, universal electronic payment service, which allows real time payment transactions independently of the type and value of the purchase.
A blade is the portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to cut and/or puncture, stab, slash, chop, slice, thrust, or scrape surfaces or materials.
SimPay was a consortium which was founded to promote mobile payment in 2003 but which was closed as of June 2005.
Simpay started in Spain by a number of mobile phone companies to build an open, interoperable solution, but was abandoned when key members pulled out in 2005.
In February 2003, T-Mobile, Orange, Telefónica and Vodafone formed a new Mobile Payment Services Association (MPSA) with the goal to deliver an open, interoperable and commonly branded solution for payments via mobile phones, designed to work across all operator networks.
Simpay planned to create a pan-European framework whereby merchants and content resellers would be able to charge for products and services directly to a subscriber's bill.
Initially the best friend of lead character Sydney Bristow (Jennifer Garner), Francie is murdered by a lookalike assassin named Allison Doren, who assumes her identity.
Sydney is a covert agent for a black ops division of the CIA called SD-6, a fact she struggles to hide from her friends.
Francie acts as an occasional sounding board and confidante for some of Sydney's personal issues, and eventually decides to open a restaurant.
Under orders from Arvin Sloane, Allison bugs Sydney's apartment, hypnotically interrogates Will, plants eavesdropping devices on Michael Vaughn and murders Marcus Dixon's wife.
He attempts to warn Sydney by leaving a frantic voicemail message on her phone, when he is suddenly attacked by Allison, who attempts to strangle him.
Allison expresses remorse at what was happening, as she had apparently developed feelings for him during the months she spent posing as Francie.
The two engage in a desperate, brutal fight throughout the house during which most of the furniture and possessions are either utilized as weapons or destroyed.
Later, Will finds and confronts her, stabbing and killing her, in exactly the same manner as she had once stabbed him.
The son of a railwayman, he was a tap dancer from an early age and trained at Nora Bray's school of dance with Audrey Spencer who later ran a big dance school, and after leaving Holme Valley Grammar School (now Honley High School) he started his career as an entertainer in an amateur concert party.
As a young performer in the 1950s, he lived in Cleveleys near Blackpool and appeared there at the local Queen's Theatre, turning professional in 1953 as a stooge for Jimmy Clitheroe and Jimmy James.
He played the role of Dr. Who's first male assistant, Ian Chesterton, and was cast to perform the role more comedically than it had been played by William Russell in the original series.
In the 90s he appeared again in Pickwick, touring the country, starring alongside Sir Harry Secombe and the show was recorded again.
The show was resident at the Shaftesbury Theatre and, being loosely scripted, it offered both Edwards and Castle the chance to freely ad-lib and generally break the fourth wall with the audience, Castle breaking into trumpet performances while Edwards walked into a front stall seat to read a newspaper, tap dancing and firing ping-pong balls into the stalls.
He was a host of the show up until a few months before his death in 1994, alongside Norris and (until his death in 1975) Ross McWhirter, Fiona Kennedy and Cheryl Baker.
Their youngest son, Ben Castle (born 1973), is a jazz saxophonist who has played with a wide range of artists, including Jamie Cullum, Carleen Anderson, Beth Rowley, Marillion and Radiohead, and performed on film soundtracks.
Less than six months before his death, he attended the Liverpool-Everton derby match at Anfield on 14 March 1994 and stood on the Spion Kop terrace.
He had also been in the crowd at Liverpool's FA Cup final victory over Sunderland in May 1992, shortly after he was first found to have cancer.
He was also a recipient of the Carl Alan Award, an honour voted for by members of the professional dance industry.
Castle was diagnosed with lung cancer in March 1992, and was told that his chances of recovery were slim and that it was unlikely that he would live for more than six months.
On 26 November 1993, Castle announced that his illness had returned, and once again underwent treatment in the hope of overcoming it.
His widow Fiona worked with the charity after her husband's death, and campaigned for the British smoking ban which came into effect in Northern Ireland in 2004, Scotland in 2006 and England and Wales in 2007, banning smoking in virtually all enclosed public places.
The Act Against Slavery was an anti-slavery law passed on July 9, 1793, in the second legislative session of Upper Canada, the colonial division of British North America that would eventually become Ontario.
It banned the importation of slaves and mandated that children born henceforth to female slaves would be freed upon reaching the age of 25.
John Graves Simcoe, Lieutenant Governor of the colony, had been a supporter of abolition before coming to Upper Canada; as a British Member of Parliament, he had described slavery as an offence against Christianity.
In York (the present-day city of Toronto) there were 15 African-Canadians living, while in Quebec some 1000 slaves could be found.
Furthermore, by the time the Act Against Slavery would be ratified, the number of slaves residing in Upper Canada had been significantly increased by the arrival of Loyalists refugees from the south who brought with them servants and slaves.
At the inaugural meeting of the Executive Council of Upper Canada in March 1793, Simcoe heard from a witness the story of Chloe Cooley, a female slave who had been violently removed from Canada for sale in the United States.
Simcoe's desire to abolish slavery in Upper Canada was resisted by members of the Legislative Assembly who owned slaves, and therefore the resulting act was a compromise.
The bill was passed by the Assembly, but was stalled by the Legislative Council and died at the end of the session.
In 1819, Attorney General John Robinson (son of Christopher) declared that by residing in Canada, black residents were set free, and that Canadian courts would protect their freedom.
Born in Halifax, he was mayor of Halifax from 1861 to 1864 before entering provincial politics as a supporter of Canadian confederation in 1867 serving as Provincial Secretary in the Conservative cabinet of Hiram Blanchard but lost his seat in the fall 1867 election that defeated the government.
He again lost his seat in 1871 but returned in 1874 and served in the Liberal government of William Annand as provincial secretary.
Feelings against confederation had abated and Hill was well placed to put forward a compromise position that enabled him to succeed Annand as premier in 1875.
However, Hill took over the Liberal government at a time that the federal Liberals were in power under Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie and becoming increasingly unpopular in Nova Scotia.
That, and the failure of the Annand and Hill governments to make progress on railway construction, led to the Liberal's defeat in the 1878 election after which Hill retired from politics.
Stephen Brian Street (born 29 March 1960 in Hackney, London) is an English music producer best known for his work with The Smiths, The Cranberries and Blur.
During this time, he engineered for reggae artists including Black Uhuru and Linton Kwesi Johnson, and for jùjú musician King Sunny Adé.
Reilly claimed to have written the majority of the tracks on the album, which Street dismissed and claimed that he wrote all of the tracks on the album and that Reilly had no part to play in this.
After The Cranberries went on hiatus in 2003, guitarist Noel Hogan began working on a solo work then titled Mono Band.
The recording of the album was said to have been a hard process, due to Street's lack of co-operation with Pete Doherty.
There were a couple of times I had to fire warning shots across his bow, say 'Listen, you've got to sort yourself out here because if you don't I can't work with you'.
The band, formed by ex-Loft guitarist Andy Strickland and roving drummer Dave Mew, had recorded a number of singles previously, some produced by John Parrish.
She is ranked fourth on the all-time list over 60 metres (indoor), seventh on the all-time list over 100 metres and fourth on the all-time list over 200 metres.
Ottey had the longest career as a top level international sprinter appearing at the Pan Am games in 1979 as a 19 year old fresh from U20 and Junior competitions, and concluding her career at age 52 when she anchored the Slovene 4 × 100 m relay team at the 2012 European Championships.
Although gold medal success at the Olympics eluded Ottey, she was able to bring home three silvers and six bronze medals.
She won 14 World Championship medals, and still holds the record (as of 2017) for most medals in individual events with 10.
Ottey was formerly married to the American high jumper and 400 m hurdler Nat Page and was known as Merlene Ottey-Page during the mid-eighties.
In her early school years in the 1970s, Ottey attended Gurneys Mount and Pondside Schools before graduating from Ruseas and Vere Technical high schools.
Ottey's inspiration came from listening to the track and field broadcast from the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where Donald Quarrie ran in the sprint finals.
Her athletics career took off when she moved to the US and attended the University of Nebraska in 1979, where she joined the track team.
She represented Jamaica in the 1979 Pan American Games, winning a bronze medal in the 200 m. She graduated from university with a Bachelor of Arts Degree and married fellow athlete Nathaniel Page in 1984 and briefly used the name Merlene Ottey-Page.
Back in Jamaica, she was awarded an Officer of the Order of Nation, and the Order of Distinction for 'services in the field of sport'.
In the 1982 Commonwealth Games, Ottey won a gold medal in the 200 m and silver medal in the 100 m. Nearly a decade later, in the 1990 Commonwealth Games, she won gold in both events.
Throughout her career, she has won nine Olympic medals, which ties with Allyson Felix for the most by any woman in track and field history .
She has never won an Olympic gold medal, but lost by five thousandths of a second to Gail Devers in the 100 m Final at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta when they both recorded the same time of 10.94 seconds.
This was not her closest finish to Devers – she recorded a time of 10.812 seconds to Devers' 10.811 seconds in the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart – still the closest finish at an international athletics meet.
The next highest is six, by javelin thrower and heptathlete Tessa Sanderson, discus thrower Lia Manoliu, and middle-distance runners Maria Mutola and João N'Tyamba.
She held the record for most World Championship medals, winning 14 (three gold, three silver, eight bronze) between 1983 and 1997, until Allyson Felix took her total from 13 to 16 in 2017.
In 1999, during a meet in Lucerne, Switzerland, a urine sample submitted had returned positive for the banned anabolic steroid nandrolone.
In the summer of 2000, Ottey was cleared of all charges by the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, the IAAF lifted its two-year ban, after the CAS dismissed the case.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed the case because the retesting order by the CAS was not completed in the time frame allotted.
According to the rules of the Jamaica Amateur Athletics Association (JAAA), only athletes who had finished in the top three at the trials were eligible to run at the Olympics; she was only qualified to run on the 4 x 100 m relay team.
Ottey asked that she be substituted for another team member, a courtesy that had been extended to others in the past.
She was construed as an aging icon trying to retain power by usurping the place of a younger and equally worthy athlete.
The protest ended when The International Olympic Committee (IOC) threatened to throw the Jamaicans out of the Games if the team managers were not able to control their charges.
At the 2000 Olympics, Ottey finished fourth in the 100 m, beaten from a medal by fellow Jamaican sprinter Tayna Lawrence.
In the 4×100 relay, the Jamaican team – bronze medalist Lawrence, teenager and newcomer Veronica Campbell, and Beverly McDonald – was anchored by Ottey to a silver medal.
Nine years later, after the disqualification of Jones for steroid abuse, Ottey's fourth place was retroactively promoted to third – giving Ottey her ninth medal – and Lawrence to second.
However, in May 2002, she became a Slovene citizen, and now resides in Ljubljana, where she represents her new country in international events.
She finished fifth in the semi-finals of the 100 metres and did not qualify for the final, which was won by Belgium's Kim Gevaert.
In spite of this, two years later she qualified for the Slovenian 4 x 100-metre relay squad at the 2010 European Athletics Championships where she became the oldest athlete ever to participate in the history of the European championships.
Yixin (11January 1833– 29May 1898), better known in English as PrinceKung or Gong, was an imperial prince of the Aisin Gioro clan and an important statesman of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China.
At a young age, Yixin was already noted for his brilliance and was once considered by his father the Daoguang Emperor as a potential heir.
During the Second Opium War in 1860, Prince Gong negotiated with the British, French and Russians, signing the Convention of Beijing on behalf of the Qing Empire.
Following the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, Prince Gong launched the Xinyou Coup in 1861 with the aid of the Empress Dowagers Ci'an and Cixi and seized power from a group of eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor on his deathbed to assist his young son and successor, the Tongzhi Emperor.
Despite his demotions in 1865 and 1874 for alleged corruption and disrespect towards the Emperor, Prince Gong continued to lead the Grand Council and remain a highly influential figure in the Qing government.
The final decades of Prince Gong's career, under the reign of his nephew the Guangxu Emperor, were marred by his conflict with conservative elements in the Qing imperial court – particularly his former ally Cixi – and ended with his death in relative disgrace.
Yixin was born in the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, as the sixth son of the Daoguang Emperor.
In 1850, when the Daoguang Emperor became critically ill, he summoned Zaiquan (載銓), Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Sengge Rinchen, Mujangga, He Rulin (何汝霖), Chen Fu'en (陳孚恩) and Ji Zhichang (季芝昌) to Shende Hall (慎德堂) in the Old Summer Palace, where he revealed to them a secret edict he wrote previously.
In 1851, the Xianfeng Emperor established an office for Prince Gong, gave him permission to enter the inner imperial court, assigned him to be in charge of patrol and defence matters, and ordered him to continue carrying the White Rainbow Sword given to him by their father.
In October 1853, as the Taiping rebels closed in on Jinan (畿南; the area south of the Hai River), Prince Gong was appointed to the Grand Council, which was in charge of military affairs.
In September 1860, during the Second Opium War, as the Anglo-French forces closed in on the capital Beijing, the Xianfeng Emperor ordered Zaiyuan and Muyin (穆廕) to negotiate for peace at Tongzhou with the enemy.
The Anglo-French delegation, which included Harry Smith Parkes and Henry Loch, were taken prisoner by the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen during the negotiations.
Sengge Rinchen then led his elite Mongol cavalry to attack the Anglo-French forces at the Battle of Baliqiao but was defeated.
The Xianfeng Emperor recalled Zaiyuan and Muyin from Tongzhou, fled with most of his imperial court to Rehe Province, and appointed Prince Gong as an Imperial Commissioner with Discretion and Full Authority (欽差便宜行事全權大臣).
Prince Gong moved to Changxindian (長辛店; in present-day Fengtai District, Beijing) and called for an assembly of the troops stationed there to enforce greater discipline and raise their morale.
On one hand, Qinghui (慶惠) suggested to the Xianfeng Emperor to release Harry Smith Parkes and let Prince Gong continue negotiating.
On 24 October 1860, Prince Gong concluded the negotiations with the British, French and Russians, and signed the Convention of Beijing on behalf of the Qing Empire.
He wrote a memorial to the Xianfeng Emperor, proposing to enhance the training of Banner Troops in Beijing and let the Qing troops stationed in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces train with the Russian Empire's forces and stockpile military supplies.
Before the Xianfeng Emperor died in August 1861 in the Chengde Mountain Resort, he appointed a group of eight regents – led by Zaiyuan, Duanhua and Sushun – to assist his underage son and successor, Zaichun.
Yixin's flexible attitude towards dealing with the Western powers had put him at odds with the eight regents, who were politically conservative and opposed to Western influence.
In Chengde, he met the Empress Dowagers Ci'an and Cixi and told them about how the eight regents monopolised state power.
When the Xianfeng Emperor's coffin arrived back in Beijing in November 1861, Prince Gong and the two empress dowagers launched a coup – historically known as the Xinyou Coup (辛酉政變) – to oust the eight regents from power.
The two empress dowagers also ordered Prince Gong to supervise Hongde Hall (弘德殿; a hall in the Forbidden City), where the Tongzhi Emperor studied.
In 1864, Qing forces finally suppressed the Taiping Rebellion after a war lasting more than a decade, and recaptured Jiangning (江寧; in present-day Nanjing) from the rebels.
The imperial court issued a decree to praise Prince Gong for his effective leadership in the regency that led to the end of the rebellion – in addition to conferring more prestigious titles on his sons Zaicheng, Zaijun and Zaiying.
As the longstanding leader of the Zongli Yamen, which he established in 1861, Prince Gong was responsible for spearheading various reforms in the early stages of the Self-Strengthening Movement, a series of measures and policy changes implemented by the Qing government with the aim of modernising China.
Yishen (奕脤), Yixuan, Wang Zheng (王拯), Sun Yimou (孫翼謀), Yin Zhaoyong (殷兆鏞), Pan Zuyin, Wang Weizhen (王維珍), Guangcheng (廣誠) and others pleaded with the empress dowagers to pardon Prince Gong and make him Prince-Regent again.
Although the empress dowagers did not restore Prince Gong as Prince-Regent, they permitted him to remain in the inner imperial court and continue running the Zongli Yamen.
As we are bound by a common cause and have high expectations of him, we cannot show leniency in punishing him.
In March 1868, as the Nian rebels approached the suburbs of Beijing, Prince Gong was tasked with mobilising troops and managing defence arrangements.
In 1869, An Dehai, a court eunuch and close aide of Empress Dowager Cixi, was arrested and executed in Shandong Province by Ding Baozhen, the provincial governor.
The empress dowager became more suspicious of Prince Gong because she believed that he instigated Ding Baozhen to execute An Dehai.
In the same year, Prince Gong displeased Empress Dowager Cixi when he strongly opposed her plan to rebuild the Old Summer Palace.
The Guangxu Emperor, who succeeded the Tongzhi Emperor in 1875, continued the practices of exempting Prince Gong from having to kowtow in the emperor's presence and having to write his name on memorials submitted to the emperor.
In 1884, when the French invaded Vietnam, Prince Gong and the members of the Grand Council were unable to arrive at a decision on whether or not to intervene in Vietnam and go to war with the French.
As a consequence, Empress Dowager Cixi reprimanded Prince Gong and his colleagues for their dispirited and indecisive attitude towards the war, and removed them from their positions.
However, he started receiving his double salary again from November 1886 and was allowed to receive his share of the offerings from ceremonial events.
Some officials such as Baojun (寶鋆), Li Hongzao, Jinglian (景廉) and Weng Tonghe, who previously served in Prince Gong's administration, were also dismissed from office.
In 1894, when the Japanese invaded Korea and the situation became dire, Empress Dowager Cixi summoned Prince Gong back to the imperial court, placed him in charge of the Zongli Yamen again, and tasked him with supervising the Beiyang Fleet (the Qing navy) and military affairs.
Although Prince Gong had been recalled to politics, Empress Dowager Cixi also decreed that since he had not yet recovered from illness, he was exempted from having to constantly attend court sessions.
The Guangxu Emperor personally attended Prince Gong's funeral and, as a sign of mourning, cancelled imperial court sessions for five days and ordered mourning attire to be worn for 15 days.
She represented Zacarias Moussaoui early on during his imprisonment, while he was awaiting trial for his role in the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001.
Her fiancé Carlos is currently held in Clairvaux Prison, where he is part of the general inmate population, and their attempts to marry have been frustrated by legal issues.
Conjugal visits can only be made after a civil marriage occurs; a Muslim ceremony performed in 2001 (when Carlos was married to his second wife and Isabelle was married to her first husband) had no legal force.
McCrea was the youngest of five children born to Robert Thomas (a farmer in Stewartstown, Northern Ireland) and Sarah Jayne in August 1948.
He was educated in Magherafelt and spent a short time working in Social Security in the Civil Service of Northern Ireland before beginning training as a Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster minister.
McCrea was a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) member of Magherafelt District Council from its creation in 1973 until he stood down to concentrate on Westminster duties in 2010, and topped the poll in every local government election he contested from 1973–2005.
He was Member of Parliament for Mid Ulster from 1983 but lost this seat to Sinn Féin chief negotiator and deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness at the 1997 election.
He took South Antrim at a by-election in 2000 caused by the death of Ulster Unionist Party MP, Clifford Forsythe, but failed to retain this seat at the 2001 election.
He was therefore a political representative for two separate constituencies (Mid Ulster and South Antrim) from 2000 to 2001 and from 2005 to 2007.
McCrea was created a life peer on 19 June 2018 taking the title Baron McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown, of Magherafelt in the County of Londonderry and of Cookstown in the County of Tyrone.
The two terrorists were part of the Glenanne gang which carried out the Miami Showband killings and were accidentally blown up when the bomb they were planting in the band's minibus went off prematurely, killing them instantly.
McCrea was the target of a parcel bomb to his home on 9 August 1988, when a package sent by the Irish People's Liberation Organisation was disarmed.
McCrea was criticised when he appeared on a platform at a Portadown rally in support of the senior Ulster loyalist paramilitary Billy Wright, who had been threatened by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) leadership, in September 1996.
Wright was the founder and leader of the Loyalist Volunteer Force (which had broken away from the UVF), and had been threatened after he broke the UVF ceasefire by ordering the death of Catholic civilian Michael McGoldrick.
The motion referenced a claim that McCrea had visited Wright's successor as LVF leader in order to persuade the LVF not to decommission any of its weapons.
McCrea is a supporter of homeopathy, having signed several early day motions in support of its continued funding on the National Health Service, sponsored by Conservative MP David Tredinnick.
The series follows Sydney Bristow, an operative working for an organization called SD-6 which she believes is a covert branch of the Central Intelligence Agency.
However, she learns it is actually a subsidiary of the Alliance of Twelve, a crime syndicate which seeks to make profits from stolen intelligence and artifacts.
Upon learning the truth Sydney offers her services to the CIA as a double agent with the intention of destroying SD-6 from within.
The character appears in 46 more instances, with Anders credited in the title sequence nine times during the course of the show.
He spent most of his youth in the United Kingdom, although a voice analysis reveals he spent a lot of time in Galway, Ireland.
He leads a strike team against FTL Headquarters, personally killing FTL head Quan Li in broad daylight literally outside FTL's front door.
The attack, coinciding precisely with McKenas Cole's unsuccessful assault on SD-6, was designed to retrieve an unknown Rambaldi artifact (as Cole's was designed to obtain an ampule of unknown liquid).
Sark travels to Denpasar to buy a second ampule of Rambaldi liquid so he can expose a Rambaldi document (possibly the artifact retrieved from FTL).
Sark escapes from the club, but Sloane had previously laced Sark's wine with a radioactive isotope and is tracking his location by satellite.
While SD-6 is on a wild goose chase to Switzerland, Sark actually returns to Los Angeles and kidnaps Will Tippin from a CIA safehouse.
He kidnaps the wife and son of mathematician Dr. Neil Caplan to coerce Caplan into assembling Rambaldi artifacts into a neutron bomb as well as coordinating the murder and replacement of Sydney's friend Francie Calfo by Allison Doren, who has been transformed by Project Helix into Francie's genetic duplicate.
Sark carries out missions for the Covenant, sometimes with the aid of Lauren Reed, a double agent positioned within the NSC and married to Vaughn.
With the apparent destruction of Project Helix, Doren is trapped in Francie's form but Sark, who claims to love her, says it doesn't matter.
Sark and Reed become lovers and eventually conspire to assassinate the leaders of the six Covenant cells in an attempt to take control of the organization.
Reed carries out a mission disguised as Sydney to obtain the equation from the CIA and bomb the CIA headquarters while Sark monitors her.
During his second CIA-imposed imprisonment, Sark is released into the custody of Sydney and Vaughn to help track down terrorist Anna Espinosa.
During the mission, Espinosa helps Sark escape, and the two briefly collaborate in the selling of a chemical bomb before Sark abandons Anna to Sydney's tender mercies and disappears for the remainder of the season.
With the death of Covenant leader Elena Derevko and the resulting apparent fall of The Covenant, Sark has gone freelance; on this occasion he is working on behalf of a Sudanese warlord to obtain a weapon of mass destruction.
New APO recruit Rachel Gibson and he have a tryst while waiting for a transmission that neither knows the other intends to intercept.
After Gibson discovers his identity and reports this to APO, Sark is hired by the agency to help recover the weapon, though he ultimately refuses payment after Gibson saves his life.
Sark later teams with Sloane and Kelly Peyton to obtain The Horizon, the final Rambaldi artifact Sloane needs to complete his endgame, from Irina in exchange for two missiles.
After planting a bomb to destroy APO headquarters (killing Thomas Grace), Sark accompanies Sloane to Mongolia to excavate the tomb of Milo Rambaldi and becomes involved in a stand-off involving Vaughn, Jack Bristow and other of Sloane's operatives.
On Irina's orders, Sark prepares to launch the missiles at Washington, D.C. and London but is captured and shot by Vaughn.
It's revealed that Sark has continued his unbroken track record of survival and is behind the incident Dixon is seeking help with.
Hooge (Manchu: ; 16 April 1609 – 4 May 1648), formally known as Prince Su, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty.
Hooge was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the eldest son of Hong Taiji, the second ruler of the Qing dynasty.
The situation was to Hooge's advantage because three of the Eight Banners previously under Hong Taiji's control had been passed on to him.
This meant that the remaining two Red Banners controlled by Daišan and his son, as well as the Bordered Blue Banner under Chiurhala, were crucial to ensuring that Hooge could win the succession.
Hooge was actually waiting for others to urge him to take the throne, so that he could sit on it without projecting a power-hungry image of himself.
Dorgon nominated Fulin, another son of Hong Taiji born to Consort Zhuang, to be the new ruler, so Fulin ascended to the throne as the Shunzhi Emperor.
According to popular belief, Hooge had conceived a scheme to seize the throne from the Shunzhi Emperor, but he leaked out his plan to Dorgon's brother Dodo, who informed Dorgon about it.
However historical records state that Hooge was imprisoned after the Qing government launched military campaigns against remnant rebel forces in western China, and he died during his incarceration.
It is the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of sewing thread and supplies, and the second-largest manufacturer of zips and fasteners, after YKK.
In 1806 Patrick Clark invented a way of twisting cotton together to substitute for silk that was unavailable due to the French blockade of Great Britain.
In 1826 he opened a cotton mill at Ferguslie to produce his own thread and, when he retired in 1830, his sons, James & Peter, took up the business under the name of J.
In 2007 Coats was fined €110 million by the European Commission for participation in cartels with Prym, YKK and other companies to fix and manipulate the prices of zips and other fasteners, and of the machinery to make them.
Wrigley Square is a public square located in the northwest section of Millennium Park in the Historic Michigan Boulevard District of the Loop area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States.
It contains the Millennium Monument, a nearly full-sized replica of the semicircle of paired Roman Doric-style columns (called a peristyle) that originally sat in this area of Grant Park, near Michigan Avenue and Randolph Street, between 1917 and 1953.
Lying between Lake Michigan to the east and the Loop to the west, Grant Park has been Chicago's front yard since the mid 19th century.
Its northwest corner, north of Monroe Street and the Art Institute, east of Michigan Avenue, south of Randolph Street, and west of Columbus Drive, had been Illinois Central rail yards and parking lots until 1997, when it was made available for development by the city as Millennium Park.
The square has earned a reputation as an outdoor culture spot by hosting a wide range of cultural events such as local and international art and photography exhibitions, as well as occasional live musical performances.
When Mayor of Chicago Richard M. Daley dedicated the square, it was dedicated to the donors, known as the Founders Group, who funded Millennium Park.
The square was intended to serve as an exhibit space for outdoor sculpture as well as small cultural performances, according to Christopher Perille, vice president of the Wrigley Square Foundation.
An architectural model of Wrigley Square and Millennium Monument, designed by O'Donnell, Wicklund, Pigozzi and Peterson Architects, Inc. (OWP&P) in 2000, is on display at the Harold Washington Library Center.
In 1917, the original peristyle was designed by renowned Chicago planner Edward H. Bennett, who was Daniel Burnham's partner in the Plan of Chicago and who was known for designing the nearby Buckingham Fountain.
A gift from the William Wrigley, Jr. Company, the limestone replica peristyle rises to a height of nearly (one source says the columns were planned to rise to ), restoring a classical elegance to Grant Park.
The William Wrigley, Jr. Foundation contributed $5 million to the monument, and the entire square, which cost $5 million to build, was named in its honor.
The pedestal of the peristyle is inscribed with the names of the 115 financial donors (including Oprah Winfrey) who made the 91 contributions of at least $1 million each to help pay for Millennium Park.
These 115 donors are referred to as the founders of Millennium Park in official park brochures published by the City of Chicago and distributed at the visitor's centers as well as in other press accounts.
The David Dillon and Michael Patrick Sullivan (of OWP&P) design is based on original drawings by Bennett found in the Chicago Park District's archive.
Wrigley Company officials, including William Wrigley, Jr. II, wanted to contribute to Millennium Park, and the historic aspect of the peristyle was attractive to them partly because the original peristyle was constructed around the same time as the Wrigley Building, the corporate headquarters located a few blocks to the north, and because the classical architectural styles of both are similar.
However, the structure was scaled down to an diameter in order to accommodate the accessible ramp that runs behind the monument.
In addition, on the reverse side in approximately the same location, the monument has a special plaque commemorating John H. Bryan's contribution as the head of fundraising for the Park.
The monument, despite being relatively small in comparison to the rest of Grant Park, makes its presence known as the central focus to shape Wrigley Square and the surrounding landscape.
Wrigley Square is unique for its fountain that, unlike Buckingham Fountain, which is fenced off, remains open with a circular ledge to allow park-goers the freedom to sit next to the open water to enjoy the atmosphere.
She returned to Five News on 28 September 2006, but in 2007, Young announced that she would be leaving Five News in the autumn, following ten years as its head anchor.
She shared with viewers that she had suffered from bulimia as a teenager on the first episode of her first TV show.
She has two daughters with Jones, Freya (born February 2000) and Iona (born April 2006), and two stepchildren, Jones's children from his first marriage, Natasha and Oliver.
It was released on 4 September 1989 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and in the United States by Mercenary Records.
She is first mentioned as Laura Bristow, the wife of Jack Bristow and mother of Sydney Bristow, who died in a car accident when Sydney was six years old.
Her real name was Irina Derevko and she was recruited into the KGB at the age of 18 by Alexander Khasinau.
She was assigned to infiltrate the United States, and to gain the trust of Jack Bristow, then a CIA agent, in order to steal classified information regarding Project Christmas.
Her subsequent whereabouts were unknown throughout season three, although she continued to be in occasional contact with Jack via Internet Relay Chat.
Sydney, unaware that Irina had ordered her death, later identified Irina's body in a Moscow medical facility and arranged for her burial in a Moscow crypt.
No further information regarding the actual identity of the infant was ever presented and neither of the other Derevko sisters ever mentioned having a baby.
The fourth season finale revealed that a genetic modification procedure known as Project Helix was used to create a double of Irina, and it is this woman whom Jack shot dead.
The attempt on Sydney's life was placed by Irina's other sister, Elena Derevko, to mislead Jack into thinking he had killed his wife.
The woman who underwent the genetic therapy was an agent of The Covenant, Elena's own criminal organization, who had volunteered to take Irina's place and be assassinated.
After the successful completion of the mission, Jack and Sydney allowed her to escape rather than return to America and imprisonment.
It is revealed she had Kelly Peyton kidnap Sydney to recover information about the Horizon, a Rambaldi artifact that would grant its wielder immortality.
After Sydney appears to reveal the code crucial to her abductors' attempts to find the Horizon, Irina tells Peyton to make Sydney comfortable and leaves the observation room.
She also tells Sydney that she never wanted to have children, and that she only did so on orders from the KGB.
Jack assumed that Sloane wanted to use the missiles not to simply destroy areas with high population densities, but to profit from the reconstruction.
She first appeared in the third season to assist Jack and Sydney, but later revealed herself to be allied with The Covenant and was taken into federal custody.
In season four she again helped Sydney and Jack to defeat Elena's endgame in exchange for a promise from Jack to work for a pardon and release for her.
Considered the most ruthless of the three Derevko sisters, Elena Derevko, portrayed by Sônia Braga, is first mentioned by Jack Bristow when he meets with Katya during the third season.
She is a pivotal part of the fourth season, with her actions significantly affecting the lives of her nieces Sydney and Nadia.
Virginia Lilian Emmeline Compton-Mackenzie, CBE (; 18 September 1894 – 12 December 1978), known professionally as Fay Compton, was an English actress.
She was known for her versatility, and appeared in Shakespeare, drawing room comedy, pantomime, modern drama, and classics such as Ibsen and Chekhov.
In addition to performing in Britain, Compton appeared several times in the US, and toured Australia and New Zealand in a variety of stage plays.
Compton was born in Fulham, London, the fifth and youngest child and third daughter of Edward Compton (1854–1918), actor and manager (whose real surname was Mackenzie), and his wife, the actress Virginia Frances Bateman (1853–1940) daughter of the actor Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman, of Baltimore, US.
The marriage was short-lived: Pelissier died in September 1913 at the age of 31, leaving his young widow with an infant son.
Her third marriage was dissolved in 1942, and in that year she married the actor Ralph Michael; this marriage was dissolved in 1946.
shidduchim , Aramaic ) is a system of matchmaking in which Jewish singles are introduced to one another in Orthodox Jewish communities for the purpose of marriage.
Both sides (usually the parents, close relatives or friends of the persons, and the singles themselves, involved) make inquiries about the prospective partner, e.g.
After the match has been proposed, the prospective partners meet a number of times to gain a sense of whether they are right for one another.
It may also be helpful in small Jewish communities where meeting prospective marriage partners is limited, and this gives them access to a broader spectrum of potential candidates.
If the shidduch does not work out, then usually the shadchan is contacted and it is he/she that tells the other side that it will not be going ahead.
Both sets of parents talk to each other, and then when the setting is more relaxed, they go into another room, leaving the man and woman in the living room to speak among themselves.
It can also be used to express the seeming fate or destiny of an auspicious or important event, friendship, or happening.
After a short prayer to God for guidance, describing how a virtuous woman might act toward a traveling stranger at the well, Rebekah appeared on the scene and did everything described in Eliezer's prayer.
Eliezer then went with Rebekah to her family and appealed to them for permission to take Rebekah back with him to be Isaac's wife.
This is taken as an instruction for Jewish parents to weigh their child's opinion in the balance during an arranged marriage.
Regardless of whether proper procedure is followed, this is not the end of the decision - it is believed by Jews that the final say belongs to God, who may have different plans (compare with the match of Jacob and Leah).
However, can also be used to refer to anyone who introduces two single Jews to one another with the hope that they will form a couple.
Considering the prevalence of a number of genetic diseases in both the Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities, several organisations (most notably Dor Yeshorim) routinely screen large groups of young people anonymously, only handing them a telephone number and a PIN.
Although the implementation has been controversial, there has been a sharp decrease in the number of children born with Tay–Sachs disease and other genetic disorders since its inception.
The name is derived from the Bulgars, a tribal association which established the Bulgar state, known as Old Great Bulgaria in the mid-7th century, giving rise to the Danubian Bulgaria by the 680s.
While the language was extinct in Danubian Bulgaria (in favour of the Slavic Bulgarian language), it persisted in Volga Bulgaria, eventually giving rise to the modern Chuvash language.
The analysis of the loan-words in Slavonic language shows the presence of direct influences of various language-families: Turkic, Mongolic, Chinese and Iranian.
On the other hand, some Bulgarian historians, especially modern ones, link the Bulgar language to the Iranian language group instead (more specifically, the Pamir languages are frequently mentioned), noting the presence of Iranian words in the modern Bulgarian language.
According to Prof. Raymond Detrez, who is a specialist in Bulgarian history and language, such views are based on anti-Turkish sentiments, and the presence of Iranian words in the modern Bulgarian is result of Ottoman Turkish linguistic influence.
Indeed, other Bulgarian historians, especially older ones, only point out certain signs of Iranian influence in the Turkic base, or indeed support the Turkic theory.
Greek was used as the official state language of Danube Bulgaria until the 9th century, when it was replaced by Old Bulgarian (Slavonic).
The language of the Danube Bulgars is also known from a small number of loanwords in the Old Bulgarian language, as well as terms occurring in Bulgar Greek-language inscriptions, contemporary Byzantine texts, and later Slavonic Old Bulgarian texts.
Most of these words designate titles and other concepts concerning the affairs of state, including the official 12-year cyclic calendar (as used e.g.
The language became extinct in Danubian Bulgaria in the 9th century as the Bulgar nobility became gradually Slavicized after the Old Bulgarian tongue was declared as official in 893.
There are a number of surviving inscriptions in Volga-Bulgar, some of which are written with Arabic letters, alongside the continuing use of Orkhon script.
In June 1590 Worcester travelled to Edinburgh to congratulate James VI of Scotland on his safe return from Denmark and marriage to Anne of Denmark, and gave notice that the king was to join the Order of the Garter.
At first, he was not able to see Anne of Denmark who had toothache, and he joked that in England this would be interpreted as a sign she was pregnant.
In 1606 he was appointed Keeper of the Great Park, a park created for hunting by Henry VIII around Nonsuch Palace, of which Worcester Park was a part.
Clarke was one of the pupils of John Blow at St Paul's Cathedral and a chorister in 1685 at the Chapel Royal.
Between 1692 and 1695 he was an organist at Winchester College, then between 1699 and 1704 he was an organist at St Paul's Cathedral.
He later became an organist and 'Gentleman extraordinary' at the Chapel Royal, he shared that post with fellow composer William Croft, his friend.
Apparently, he fell madly in love with one of his female students, a young, beautiful woman, of much higher social rank than he.
His friend observed his dejection, and disappointment in love, and furnished him with a horse and a servant to take care of him.
While riding near London, a fit of melancholy seized him on the road; he alighted, giving the horse to the servant.
He went into a field, where there was a pond surrounded by trees, and stood on the bank of the pond.
He began thinking of a suicide method, which he could not really decide on, debating with himself whether he should drown himself in the pond or hang himself on the trees.
The coin fell with its edge embedded in the clay, so Clarke mounted his horse, returned to London, and went back to his home in the churchyard of St Paul's Cathedral.
For example, the story of the composer's suicide is contradicted by a contemporary broadsheet which seems to have escaped the notice of his biographers.
While most sources give the date as 1 December 1707, music historian Charles Burney (followed by François-Joseph Fétis) says that the event took place on 16 July 1707; the first edition of John Hawkins fixes it as 5 November 1707, in which he has been followed by Arthur Mendel, David Baptie, and Brown.
But Hawkins left a copy of his 'History,' in which he had made numerous corrections, and in this the date appears as 1 December 1707, which date is given in the 1853 edition of the work.
The latter date therefore tallies with the broadsheet account, published (by John Johnson, 'near Stationers' Hall,' and therefore close to Clarke's house) within a week of the event, though no entry of the exact date of publication can be found at Stationers' Hall.
Administration to his goods was granted by the dean and chapter of St. Paul's to his sister, Ann King, on 15 December 4.
The entry in the Chapel Royal Cheque Book was probably not made at the time, and so November might easily have been written instead of December.
The order of the entries preceding and following it is this: 28 January 1703, 24 March 1710–11, 25 May 1704, 5 November 1707, 12 June 1708.
With regard to the quotation from the records at St. Paul's, everything points to its being either a mistake or a misprint.
Unfortunately, at the time of writing this article it is impossible to verify the statement, part of the vicars-choral's records being inaccessible.
He was the son of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester, by Elizabeth of Vermandois, and the twin brother of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester.
He was a younger son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and Mary of Lancaster, and the brother of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland.
He was the son of William de Beauchamp, younger son of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick and Katherine Mortimer.
The earldom of Worcester became extinct on the death of its first holder in 1422, while the barony was passed on to his daughter and only child, Elizabeth.
The fourth creation came in 1457 in favour of John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tiptoft, a noted scholar and sometime favourite of Edward IV.
The barony of Tiptoft had been created on 7 January 1426 when the first Earl's father, John Tiptoft, was summoned to Parliament.
The fifth creation came in 1514 in favour of Charles Somerset, the legitimised son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset.
Sonic Flower Groove is the debut studio album by Scottish rock band Primal Scream, released on 5 October 1987 by Elevation Records.
Mayo Thompson of Red Krayola was the producer of the album, after work with Stephen Street did not please the band.
Albert Zafy (1 May 1927 – 13 October 2017) was a Malagasy politician and educator who served as President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996.
At a national conference of the opposition in 1990, Zafy was elected as President of the Committee of Active Forces (CFV), a cooperation group of several opposition parties, including Zafy's UNDD.
Zafy was detained for a week in late July 1991 and was met with a crowd of about 100,000 supporters upon his release.
The opposition was ultimately successful in forcing Ratsiraka to agree to the Panorama Convention, which established a transitional government and stripped Ratsiraka of most of his powers, on 31 October 1991.
Zafy oversaw the transition as head of the High State Authority, which, along with the Social and Economic Recovery Council, replaced the Supreme Revolutionary Council and the National Assembly during the 1991–1993 transitional period.
In the multiparty presidential election held in November 1992, Zafy placed first in the first round with about 45% of the vote; Ratsiraka placed second with about 29%.
He took office in late March–the first time since Madagascar's independence in 1960 that an incumbent president peacefully transferred power to an elected member of the opposition.
In office, Zafy's rivalry with Prime Minister Francisque Ravony led him to seek increased powers, and in September 1995 a successful referendum was held that substantially increased the powers of the president.
This gave him authority over the selection of the prime minister, a decision that was previously in the hands of the National Assembly; following the referendum, the National Assembly was required to send three names of candidates to the president, from which he could choose.
Ravony resigned in October 1995, and Zafy appointed Emmanuel Rakotovahiny, who was the head of the UNDD and had been Minister of State for Rural Development and Land Reform, in his place.
Zafy's time in office was widely seen as being marked by economic decline, which negatively impacted his popularity, and amid accusations of corruption and abuse of power, he was impeached by the National Assembly on 26 July 1996.
The impeachment was backed by more than the necessary two-thirds majority; out of 134 deputies present, 99 voted in favor of the motion, 32 against it, and there were three null votes.
Although he could not delay his departure from office, he was able to stand as a candidate in the late 1996 presidential election called as a result of his impeachment.
In his 1996 campaign, Zafy blamed the problems faced by Madagascar during his presidency on his opponents and the International Monetary Fund, and he downplayed the charges against him that had led to his impeachment.
Although he had lost much of his support, in the first round of the election, held on 3 November, he was able to take second place with 23.39% of the vote, behind Ratsiraka's 36.61%.
Zafy received some support in the second round from those who, despite their criticisms of Zafy, felt he was preferable to Ratsiraka, such as Interim President Norbert Ratsirahonana, who had unsuccessfully stood as a candidate in the first round.
In the second round, held on 29 December, Zafy narrowly lost to Ratsiraka, taking 49.29% of the vote and losing by about 45,000 votes.
He later alleged that the High Constitutional Court had switched the numbers for himself and Ratsiraka and said that he had not spoken of that at the time for the sake of peace.
Zafy led an attempt to impeach Ratsiraka in early 1998, accusing him of various charges, including perjury and nepotism; he also accused Ratsiraka of violating the constitution in his moves toward decentralization and the strengthening of the presidency at the expense of the National Assembly's power.
The impeachment motion failed in the National Assembly on 4 February 1998 when only 60 deputies voted in favor of it, well short of the necessary 92.
Zafy became the leader of the National Reconciliation Committee (CRN), which was founded in June 2002 to promote national reconciliation among the leading participants in the political crisis that followed the 2001 election.
On 8 December 2006, Zafy's property was raided by police as part of the government's investigation regarding General Fidy, who allegedly attempted a coup in November, and presidential candidate Pety Rakotoniaina, both of whom the police sought to locate and arrest.
Reacting to the raid, Zafy said that he did not recognize Ravalomanana as president and had never recognized him as such.
Zafy travelled to Paris in June 2007, where he met with Ratsiraka and members of his former government who were also in exile.
He met with Ratsiraka on 8 June, with AREMA leader Pierrot Rajaonarivelo on 9 June, and with Tantely Andrianarivo, who served as Prime Minister under Ratsiraka, on 11 June.
President Ravalomanana was forced out of office through popular protests and military intervention in March 2009; opposition leader Andry Rajoelina assumed the presidency with support from the military.
Rajoelina included Zafy's adviser Betiana Bruno as one of 44 members of the High Transitional Authority, which he appointed on 31 March 2009.
Zafy expressed his objections to the transitional government at a press conference on 1 April, complaining that Rajoelina would not take his advice; he also said that he would seek provincial autonomy.
On 4 August 2009, as part of negotiations for a solution to the political crisis, Zafy met with Rajoelina, Ravalomanana, and Ratsiraka, along with former Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano, who acted as mediator at the four-day-long mediation crisis talks held in Maputo.
An extended process of negotiations between the four leaders resulted in a power-sharing agreement, but by December 2009 that agreement had effectively collapsed.
Rajoelina's government initially barred Zafy and others from returning to Madagascar after the talks, but later he was allowed to return.
In the wake of the power-sharing agreement's collapse, Zafy declared on 18 December 2009, that the opposition would form its own government of national unity.
Zafy died of a stroke on 13 October 2017 at a hospital in Saint-Pierre in the French overseas department of Réunion at the age of 90.
Malcolm Mitchell Young (6 January 1953 – 18 November 2017) was an Australian musician and songwriter, best known as a co-founder, rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist and songwriter for the hard rock band AC/DC.
Except for a brief absence in 1988, he was with the band from its November 1973 beginning until retiring in 2014 due to health reasons.
Though his younger brother Angus was the more visible of the brothers, Malcolm was described as the driving force and the leader of the band.
In 2014, he stated that despite his retirement from the band, AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing.
As the rhythm guitarist, he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band's sound, developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band's material with Angus.
William Young (born 16 February 1911) and his family lived at 6 Skerryvore Road in the Cranhill district of Glasgow in Scotland.
William worked first as a wheel boy in a rope works and then as a machine / saw operator in an asbestos / cement business.
A TV advertisement shown in Britain at that time offered assisted travel for families to start a different life in Australia.
15 members of the Young family left Britain by air in late June 1963, including fifth son, George (6 November 1946 – 22 October 2017), and younger brothers, Malcolm and Angus (born 31 March 1955).
Also aboard were his eldest brother Stephen (24 June 19331989), his only sister, Mrs Margaret Horsburgh (born 2 May 1935) and brother, William Jr (born 15 December 1940).
Initially staying at Villawood Migrant Hostel (a site later turned into Villawood Immigration Detention Centre) in Nissen huts, George Young met and became friends with another migrant, Harry Vanda.
Both Angus and Malcolm Young were in a band with their brother George and his music partner Harry Vanda called Marcus Hook Roll Band.
Angus was on lead guitar, Malcolm on rhythm guitar, Colin Burgess on drums, Larry Van Kriedt on bass guitar and Dave Evans on vocals.
While Bon Scott and Ozzy Osbourne quickly became friends, some other members of the two bands did not get on so well.
In July, Johnson revealed that Young was in hospital receiving treatment for an unspecified condition and during May recording sessions had been replaced in the studio by guitarist Stevie Young, his nephew.
In that same interview, Angus stated that Malcolm was rehearsing AC/DC's songs repeatedly before every concert just to remember how they went.
There was always a bit from the past, a bit from what we had that was brand new, and, sometimes, just an old idea that either Malcolm or myself had worked on but we never finished.
Influenced by 1950s rock and roll and blues-based rock guitarists of the 1960s and 1970s, Young was regarded as a leading rock exponent of rhythm guitar.
This is contrary to a common belief of many rock guitarists that rhythm guitar should involve loud and overdriven power chords.
Dave Mustaine of Megadeth stated in a 2004 interview that he considered himself, Young, Rudolf Schenker and James Hetfield of Metallica to be the best rhythm guitarists in the world.
Upon his release from prison, he practiced law and distinguished himself; amassed some independent means, which enabled him to participate in Egyptian politics, then dominated by the struggle-moderate and extreme—against British occupation; and effected useful, permanent links with different factions of Egyptian nationalists.
He became close to Princess Nazli Fazl, and his contacts with the Egyptian upper class led to his marriage to the daughter of the Egyptian prime minister Mustafa Fahmi Pasha, whose friendship with Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, then the effective British ruler of Egypt, accounts in part for the eventual acceptability of Zaghloul to the British occupation.
In succession Zaghloul was appointed judge, minister of education (1906–1908), minister of justice (1910–1912); and in 1913 he became vice-president of the Legislative Assembly.
In all his ministerial positions Zaghloul undertook certain measures of reform that were acceptable to both Egyptian nationalists and the British occupation.
Throughout this period, he kept himself outside extreme Egyptian nationalist factions, and although acceptable to the British occupation, he was not thereby compromised in the eyes of his Egyptian compatriots.
Though Egypt and Sudan had its own Sultan, parliament and armed forces, it had effectively been under British rule for the duration of the occupation.
At the time of Zaghloul's arrival in the Seychelles, a number of other prominent anti-imperialist leaders were also exiled there, including Mohamoud Ali Shire, the 26th Sultan of the Warsangali, with whom Zaghloul would soon develop a rapport.
In order to avoid engendering anti-colonial sentiments, the colonial government imposed edicts which censored letters that exiled individuals sent to their family and compatriots back home.
He and other prominent exiles employed letter-writing as major non-violent political tools of communication, through which they were able to describe their time in exile beyond the Seychelles.
The elections of 12 January 1924 gave the Wafd Party an overwhelming majority, and two weeks later, Zaghloul formed the first Wafdist government.
Following the assassination on 19 November 1924 of Sir Lee Stack, the Sirdar and Governor-General of the Sudan, and subsequent British demands which Zaghloul felt to be unacceptable, Zaghloul resigned.
Yet he returned to active politics two years later and, though he never again held the Prime Ministry, he remained an extremely influential figure until his death in 1927.
Zaghloul's wife, Safiya Khānūm, was the daughter of Mustafa Fahmi Pasha, the Egyptian cabinet minister and two-time Prime Minister of Egypt.
Young years: Is educated at the Muslim University of Al-Azhar in Cairo, as well as at the Egyptian School of Law.
— Partakes in the establishment of Hizbu l-Ummah, which was a moderate group in a time when more and more Egyptians claimed to revive their independence from the British.
— November: After that the British commander in chief over the Egyptian army is killed, Zaghloul is forced to leave office.
Carl Theodor Zahle (19 January 1866 in Roskilde – 3 February 1946 in Copenhagen), Danish lawyer and politician; prime minister of Denmark 1909–1910, 1913–1920.
He was interested in politics already in high school and saw himself as a convinced democrat in opposition to the Estrup government.
He won the seat and kept it in subsequent elections until 1928 where he was elected to the upper house of parliament.
In 1909 he was able to form a minority government but had to resign as prime minister the year later following an electoral defeat for his party.
In 1913 the Social Liberal Party and the Social Democrats got a majority in the lower house and Zahle was able to form a government backed by the Social Democrats.
Zahle was prime minister during World War I and the main objective for his administration during the war was to keep Denmark neutral.
The government was accused of having been too friendly towards Germany during the war and the economic regulations limited the profits of business life.
A referendum was held on the return of parts of Schleswig to Denmark from Germany and it was demanded that Germany should cede the city of Flensburg with no regards to the result of the referendum.
Zahle never became prime minister again but he became minister of justice under Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning (1873–1942) from 1929 to 1935.
Alexandros Zaimis (; 9 November 1855 – 15 September 1936) was a Greek Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Justice, and High Commissioner of Crete.
He served as Prime Minister six times, and although a leader of the monarchist faction was the third and last President of the Second Hellenic Republic.
He was born in Athens and was the son of Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, a former Prime Minister of Greece, and Eleni Mourouzi.
On his father's side he was the grandson of Andreas Zaimis, another former Prime Minister of Greece, and related to the great Kalavrytan family with notable participation in the Greek War of Independence from 1821.
He served as Minister of the Interior and Justice Minister in Theodoros Deligiannis' government (1890–92) and Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament (1895-97).
He was appointed Prime Minister under King Constantine I to succeed Venizelos in October 1915, but resigned a month later when his government failed to receive a vote of confidence.
In 1917, Zaimis served again as Prime Minister under King Constantine I, while Eleftherios Venizelos led a rival government controlling northern Greece.
During World War I, he was generally supposed to favor neutrality for Greece, but to be personally in favor of the Allies.
A moderate conservative, he served again as Prime Minister in the Second Hellenic Republic, from 1926 to 1928, in a coalition government of Venizelist and moderate conservatives.
However, only two years into his second term, he was thrown out of office by Georgios Kondylis, who abolished the Republic and proclaimed himself regent pending the results of a referendum on restoring the monarchy.
This referendum resulted in George II being recalled to the throne by almost 98 percent of the vote, an implausibly high total that could have only been obtained through fraud.
His father was don Manuel Maria Zaldúa, a prominent member of the Nueva Granada high society and a very wealthy man.
In 1840 he was elected to the House of Representatives and, later to the Senate, both in representation of his native state of Cundinamarca.
Zaldúa served as President of the Rionegro Convention, a constituent assembly that created the United States of Colombia, now the Republic of Colombia.
Zaldúa was a man of immense prestige and reputation and José María Rojas Garrido nominated him as candidate for the presidency.
It was first released on 23 September 1991 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and on 8 October 1991 in the United States by Sire Records.
The album marked a significant departure from the band's early indie rock sound, drawing inspiration from the blossoming house music scene and associated drugs such as LSD and MDMA.
It received positive reviews from critics, and has been frequently named one of the best albums of the 1990s in various polls.
Drawing inspiration from the house music scene, which was blossoming at the time, the band enlisted house DJs Andrew Weatherall and Terry Farley on producing duties, although the album also contains a wide range of other influences including gospel and dub.
To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the release of the album, Primal Scream performed the entire album live at Olympia London in West London on 26 and 27 November 2010.
According to Suda, he was previously a slave and a shepherd, and after having educated he gave laws to his fellow-citizens.
When his own son was condemned of this, he refused to exonerate him, instead submitting to the loss of one of his own eyes instead of exacting the full penalty of the culprit.
Faced with an emergency, he did so anyway, but when he was reminded of the law, he immediately fell upon his sword as a sacrifice to the sovereignty of the claims of social order.
Anyone who proposed a new law, or the alteration of one already existing, had to appear before the Citizen's Council with a rope round his neck.
that Demosthenes here speaks of Zaleucus's laws is plain enough from his naming the Locrians; but it appears further from the law itself.
Zanardelli, representing the bourgeoisie from Lombardy, personified the classical 19th-century liberalism, committed to suffrage expansion, anticlericalism, civil liberties, free trade and laissez-faire economics.
He was a combatant in the volunteer corps during the First Italian War of Independence of 1848 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia, within the era of Italian unification (Risorgimento).
After the lost battle of Novara he went to Pisa to study law, and he returned to Brescia to become a barrister.
For a time earned a livelihood by teaching law, but was molested by the Austrian police and forbidden to teach in consequence of his refusal to contribute pro-Austrian articles to the press.
He moved to Lugano, but returned in time to organize the insurrection of Brescia in the Second Italian War of Independence and welcomed Giuseppe Garibaldi in the city.
Elected deputy in 1859, he received various administrative appointments, but only attained a political office in 1876 when the Left, of which he had been a prominent and influential member, came into power.
In 1876 he became Minister of Public Works in the first government of Agostino Depretis, and Minister of the Interior in the government of Benedetto Cairoli in 1878.
In the latter capacity, he drafted the franchise reform, but created dissatisfaction by the indecision of his administrative acts, particularly in regard to the Irredentist agitation, and by his theory of repressing and not in any way preventing crime, which led for a time to an epidemic of murders.
Overthrown with Cairoli in December 1878, he returned to power as Minister of Justice in 1881 with the Depretis government, and succeeded in completing the commercial code.
He also was the architect of the electoral reform in 1892 which lowered the voting age from 25 to 21, and reduced the minimum tax threshold for voting or allowed an elementary school certificate.
Abandoned awhile by Depretis in 1883, he remained in opposition until 1887, when he again joined Depretis as Minister of Justice, retaining his portfolio throughout the ensuing government of Francesco Crispi, until 31 January 1891.
During this period he began the reform of the magistracy and promulgated a new penal code, which unified penal legislation in Italy, abolished capital punishment and recognised the workers right to strike.
After the fall of the government of Giovanni Giolitti in 1893, Zanardelli made a strenuous but unsuccessful attempt to form an administration.
Elected president of the chamber in 1894 and 1896, he exercised that office with ability until, in December 1897, he accepted the Ministry of Justice in the government of Antonio di Rudinì, only to resign in the following spring on account of dissensions with his colleague, Emilio, marquis Visconti-Venosta, over the measures necessary to prevent a recurrence of the Bava-Beccaris massacre of May 1898.
Returning to the presidency of the chamber, he again abandoned his post in order to associate himself with the obstructionist campaign against the Public Safety Bill (1899–1900) restricting political activity and free speech, which was introduced by the government of general Luigi Pelloux.
He was rewarded by being enabled to form an administration with the support of the Extreme Left upon the fall of the government of Giuseppe Saracco in February 1901.
Zanardelli focused his attention on the issue of the South: in September 1902 he undertook a journey through Basilicata, as one of the poorest regions in Italy, to see for himself the problems in the Mezzogiorno.
His proposed Divorce Bill, although voted in the chamber, had to be withdrawn on account of the strong opposition of the country.
On 15 September 1902, Zanardelli stayed at the Imperial Hotel Tramontano, owned by the Commendator Guglielmo Baron Tramontano of Sorrento, who was also the mayor of the city Sorrento.
Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (4 March 1901 or 1903 – 22 June 1937), born Joseph-Casimir Rabearivelo, is widely considered to be Africa's first modern poet and the greatest literary artist of Madagascar.
His passion for French literature and traditional Malagasy poetry prompted him to read extensively and educate himself on a variety of subjects, including the French language and its poetic and prose traditions.
He published his first poems as an adolescent in local literary reviews, soon obtaining employment at a publishing house where he worked as a proofreader and editor of its literary journals.
Despite increasing critical attention in international poetry reviews, Rabearivelo was never afforded access to the elite social circles of colonial Madagascar.
He suffered a series of personal and professional disappointments, including the death of his daughter, the French authorities' decision to exclude him from the list of exhibitors at the Universal Exposition in Paris, and growing debt worsened by his philandering and opium addiction.
The legacy and influence of his works continue to be felt and his works are a focus of ongoing academic study.
A street and a high school in Antananarivo have been named after him, as has a dedicated room in the National Library of Madagascar.
When the French colonized Madagascar in 1897, Merina nobles including Rabearivelo's mother lost the privileges, prestige, and wealth to which they had been entitled under the former monarchy, the Kingdom of Imerina.
Madagascar had been a French colony for less than a decade when Rabearivelo was born, situating him among the first generation of Malagasy to grow up under the colonial system.
He first studied at the Frères des Écoles Chrétiennes school in the affluent neighborhood of Andohalo, then transferred to the prestigious Collège Saint-Michel, where he was expelled for lack of discipline, poor academic performance, and his reluctance to become religiously observant.
After leaving school, he worked a variety of low-skilled jobs, including as a lace designer, an errand boy, and a secretary and interpreter to a district administrator.
During this period he developed a passion for French 19th and 20th century literature and refined his fluency in the French language; he also began teaching himself English, Spanish, and Hebrew.
He began to correspond with a wide range of writers around the world, including André Gide, Paul Valéry, Jean Amrouche, Paul Claudel, and Valery Larbaud, and spent large sums to buy books and ship them to Madagascar.
In 1924 he took a job as a proofreader at the publishing house Imprimerie de l'Imerina, a position he would continue to occupy for the rest of his life.
This publication launched him into the intellectual and cultural circles of Antananarivo high society, where he established himself as Madagascar's leader not only in poetry and prose, but as an esteemed journalist, art critic, translator, and writer of essays and plays.
In it he honored Rainandriamampandry, the governor of Toamasina who was executed by the French in 1896 for his suspected role in the Menalamba rebellion.
He was also a womanizer and abused alcohol and opium, growing increasingly dependent on the substances after the death of his daughter.
As an experiment, he wrote Malagasy and French versions of each poem in these two books; the French versions were published in 1934 and 1935 respectively.
The colonial high society of Antananarivo showcased Rabearivelo's work as evidence of the success of the French assimilation policy and the beneficial effects of colonialism in Africa.
He was imprisoned for three days for failing to pay taxes, a penalty from which he should have been exempted due to his status as a low-ranking employee of the colonial administration.
He had also been promised that he would represent Madagascar at the 1937 Universal Exposition in Paris, but in May 1937 the colonial authorities informed him that he would not be part of the island's delegation.
He was likewise rejected by Malagasy high society, who condemned his unconventional behavior and views, particularly in light of his role as husband and father.
Rabearivelo was deeply troubled by these disappointments and his worsening chronic financial troubles, in addition to the continuing grief he felt for the death of his daughter.
On 19 June 1937, a French friend informed him that his hope to eventually earn a higher official role within the administrative authority could never materialize as he was largely self-taught and lacked the required diplomas.
The morning of his suicide, Rabearivelo completed several unfinished works; he then took fourteen 250-milligram quinine capsules with water at 1:53 pm, followed at 2:37 pm by ten grams of potassium cyanide.
In his final journal entries he recorded the detailed experience of his suicide, concluding with his final entry at 3:02 pm.
At the time of his death, only half of his twenty literary works had been published; the remainder were printed posthumously.
Regarding Rabearivelo's works from this period, editor Jacques Rabemananjara acknowledged the poet's evident talent but critiqued his over-adherence to form and poetic conventions at the expense of innovation and genuine self-expression.
Rabearivelo struggled throughout his life to reconcile his identity as Malagasy with his aspiration toward French assimilation and connection with the greater universal human experience.
He has been depicted as a martyr figure as a result of his suicide following the refusal of French authorities to grant him permission to go to France.
He has been the subject of a significant number of books and conferences; on the fiftieth anniversary of his death, his work was commemorated at events organized in North America, Europe and Africa, including a week-long conference at the University of Antananarivo.
Recent scholarship has questioned Rabearivelo's elevation as a colonial martyr, arguing that the poet was by and large an assimilationist who did not view himself as African.
He has inspired many Malagasy writers and poets after him, including Elie Rajaonarison, an exemplar of the new wave of Malagasy poetry.
The Francophone University Agency and Madagascar's National Center for Scientific Research collaborated to publish the entirety of Rabearivelo's works in three volumes.
The first volume, comprising his journal and some of his correspondence with key figures in literary and colonial circles, was printed in October 2010.
John Zápolya, or John Szapolyai (, , , 1490 or 1491 – 22 July 1540), was King of Hungary (as John I) from 1526 to 1540.
Stephen became one of the wealthiest lords in the Kingdom of Hungary after inheriting the large domains of his brother, Emeric Zápolya, in 1487.
Stephen Zápolya's marriage with the Silesian duchess, Hedwig, who was related to Emperor Maximilian I, increased the prestige of the Zápolya family.
Stephen Zápolya had no sons when Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, died on 6 April 1490, according to a contemporaneous report, but a charter issued in September 1491 already mentioned John, showing that John was born between the two dates.
At the Diet of Hungary in 1497, Stephen Zápolya's opponents circulated rumours about his intention to have his son crowned king.
Hedwig of Cieszyn wanted to persuade Vladislaus II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, to marry his only child, Anne, to John.
Due to John Zápolya's motion, the new Diet at Rákos passed a bill which prohibited the election of a foreigner as king if Vladislaus died without a male issue, on 13 October 1505.
The bill was aimed at creating a legal basis for John's ascension to the throne after the death of Vladislaus, but the king refused to ratify it, and the Diet was closed by the king.
Vladislaus's brother, King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland, came to Hungary to mediate between the royal family and the Zápolyas in late June.
Emperor Maximilian had already in September declared war on Hungary, because he wanted to protect his claim (acknowledged in the 1491 Peace of Pressburg) to succeed Vladislaus.
During the war, the envoys of Vladislaus and Maximilian signed a secret treaty on 30 March 1506 about the marriage of Vladislaus's daughter, Anne, and Maximilian's grandson, Ferdinand.
king Vladislaus's wife, Anne of Foix-Candale, gave birth to a son, Louis, on 1 July, which put an end to the war with Maximilian.
Although the Diet initially refused to enact the right of the infant crown prince Louis to succeed king Vladislaus, but Louis was finally crowned on Vladislaus's demand on 4 June 1508.
According to the late 16th-century historian Miklós Istvánffy, John tried to persuade Vladislaus to give princess Anne in marriage to him when the king returned from Bohemia in early 1510, but the king refused him again.
John's sister Barbara Szapolyai married to Polish king Sigismund I the Old in 1512, which further increased the influence of the Szapolyai family in short term, because Barbara had died in Krakow in 1515.
Vladislaus's brother, Sigismund, who had been crowned King of Poland, married John's sister, Barbara Zápolya in early 1512, which increased John's prestige.
After returning to Transylvania, he crushed a revolt in Hermanstadt (now Sibiu in Romania) and forced the townspeople to pay an extraordinary tax.
About 40,000 peasants joined the crusade and assembled near Pest, although their lords had tried to retain them before the harvest.
The main army of the peasants, which was under the command of György Dózsa, laid siege to Temesvár (now Timișoara in Romania).
In October, the Diet deprived the peasants of the right to free movement and obliged them to work on their lords' lands without remuneration one day in every week.
Zápolya, Stephen Báthory, Emeric Török and Michael Paksy joined forces to laid siege to Žrnov, the Ottoman fortress near Nándorfehérvár (now Belgrade in Serbia) in April 1515.
Zápolya was en route to the battlefield with his sizable army but did not participate in the battle for unknown reasons.
The last three months of the year were marked by a power vacuum; political authority was in a state of collapse, yet the victors chose not to impose their rule.
The other was Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, the late king's brother-in-law and brother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who claimed Hungary for the House of Habsburg.
The majority of Hungary's untitled lesser nobility (the gentry) backed Zápolya, who for fifteen years had been playing a leading role in Hungarian political life.
Part of the aristocracy acknowledged his leadership, and he enjoyed the enthusiastic support — not always reciprocated — of the lesser nobility.
Most of his opponents succumbed at Mohács: the Hungarian branch of the Jagiellon dynasty became defunct, and its pro-Habsburg following was decimated.
The German dynasty's main argument — one that many historians would judge to be decisive — was that the Habsburg dynasty could help Hungary fight against the Ottomans.
Hungary had been fighting the Ottomans for over a century, during which time the Empire and the Habsburgs had offered much encouragement but no tangible help.
The likelihood of assistance was further reduced by the conflict of Ferdinand's older brother, Emperor Charles V, and King Francis I of France that once again flared into open war in the summer of 1526.
This circumstance led the Voivode to discount the threat lurking behind the Habsburgs' candidacy: that Zápolya's Hungary would have to contend not only with the Ottomans, but also with an attack from the west.
Thus Zápolya took no notice of his rival's protests, nor of those voiced by the few Hungarians who rallied to Ferdinand.
by the higher aristocracy (the magnates or barons) and the Hungarian Catholic clergy in a rump Diet in Pozsony on 17 December 1526.
He drew on his vast private wealth, the unconditional support of the lesser nobility, and the assistance of some aristocrats to impose his policies in domestic affairs.
He sought an entente with the Habsburgs, proposing to form an alliance against the Ottomans, but Archduke Ferdinand, who had himself elected king , rejected all attempts at reconciliation.
Only in France did they find a positive response, but even that was ineffective since Francis I was intent not on reconciling Hungary and the Habsburgs, but on drawing Hungary into a war against Charles V and his family.
Europe's political balance underwent a major shift in the summer of 1527, when, in a somewhat unplanned operation, mercenary forces of the emperor occupied Rome and drove Pope Clement VII, one of France's principal allies, to capitulate.
This development freed Ferdinand — who also acquired the Bohemian throne in late 1526 – from the burden of assisting his brother.
He judged that if Hungary, unable to resist the Ottoman Empire, took action independently of Austria and Bohemia, it might well enter into an alliance with the Ottomans against its western neighbors.
It was therefore in the interest of Austria and Bohemia that the Habsburgs gain control of Hungary, by force if necessary.
The moment was well chosen, for Zápolya's forces were tied up in the southern counties of Hungary, where Slavonic peasants, incited by Ferdinand, had rebelled; the revolt was led by the 'Black Man', Jovan Nenad.
Zápolya hurriedly redeployed his army, but on 27 September in the Battle of Tarcal (near Tokaj), he suffered a bloody defeat.
Based on the earlier king-election of the Diet at Pozsony, Ferdinand was crowned as King of Hungary in the Székesfehérvár Basilica on 3 November, 1527.
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent accepted, and sent Ottoman armies to invade Austria (which included the First siege of Vienna), a war which lasted till 1533.
This allowed Zápolya to regain his position in Hungary in 1529, by the efforts of Frater George Martinuzzi, despite the association with the Ottomans which tainted him at the time.
In 1538, by the Treaty of Nagyvárad, Zápolya designated Ferdinand to be his successor after his death, as he was childless.
Antonín Zápotocký (19 December 1884 – 13 November 1957) was communist Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953 and President of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1957.
His father was Ladislav Zápotocký, one of the founders of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), together with Josef Boleslav Pecka-Strahovský and Josef Hybeš.
He was a delegate of the Left Wing of the ČSSD to the Second Comintern Congress, held in Petersburg, 19 July – 7 August 1920.
Together with Bohumír Šmeral, he co-founded the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) when it broke away from the ČSSD in 1921.
As per the Ninth-of-May Constitution, Zápotocký took over most presidential duties until he was elected President in his own right a week later.
Aleksander Zawadzki, alias Kazik, Wacek, Bronek, One (; 16 December 1899 – 7 August 1964) was a divisional general of the Polish Army and President of Poland from 1952 to 1964.
As a result of an accident suffered by his father, in 1913 he was forced to stop his education and take up a job.
He worked there until 1917, when he was arrested for hitting his overseer and sent to the prisoners of war camp in Erfurt.
After escaping from there, he found himself in Upper Silesia, where he worked in a coal mine in Bytom and in the steelworks in Siemianowice Śląskie.
After the outbreak of the revolution in November 1918 in Germany, he crossed the German-Polish border and settled in Dąbrowa Górnicza, where in December 1918 he volunteered for the Polish Army.
He took part in the battles in defense of Lviv, and then in war activities on the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front of the Polish-Bolshevik war.
He operated in the Łódź District until 1924, after which he was sent to a party school in Moscow, where he stayed for several weeks.
On July 9, 1925, he was arrested in Vilnius on charges of involvement in a murder of a supposed police informant.
He stayed there until September 1939, when after the aggression of the USSR to Poland, the city was occupied by the Red Army.
Aleksander Zawadzki was elected to the Sejm in 1947, and on 20 November 1952 he was appointed chairman of the Polish Council of State, to replace Bolesław Bierut.
Prior to the advent of the health board system, the 1947 Health Act was the principal legislation on the State's role in the provision of healthcare in Ireland; this was the act that served as the legislative basis for the Mother and Child Scheme, which was later withdrawn under Church and doctor opposition.
In 1970, the healthcare system of Ireland was still very much a private and voluntary system with the Catholic Church still retaining effective control of healthcare, in particular, the ownership of hospitals and institutions.
Doctors served very much in a sole trader capacity with the state taking few responsibilities beyond the organisation of the provision of healthcare to the disadvantaged.
In 1970, the Health Boards Regulations were made under the Health Act, 1970 and defined among other things the functional area, membership and composition of each health board.
The 1999 Health (Eastern Regional Health Authority) Act was introduced and dissolved the Eastern Health Board and created four bodies in its place, thus bringing to eleven the number of regional health authorities and boards.
The functional areas of the area health boards did not correspond exactly to the city and county council boundaries and instead were defined in the First Schedule of the Act.
The 1999 Eastern Regional Health Authority (Area Health Boards) Regulations determined the composition of the board of each area health board.
Guy Mitchell (born Albert George Cernik; February 22, 1927 – July 1, 1999) was an American pop singer and actor, successful in his homeland, the UK, and Australia.
Born of Croatian immigrants in Detroit, Michigan, at age 11 he was signed by Warner Brothers Pictures, to be a child star, and performed on the radio on KFWB in Los Angeles, California.
Mitchell served in the United States Navy for two years in World War II, then sang with Carmen Cavallaro's big band.
Mitchell died on July 1, 1999, aged 72, at Desert Springs Hospital in Las Vegas, Nevada of complications from cancer surgery.
In February 1982 he re-recorded 20 of his popular songs with new musical backings (in stereo) at the Audio Media Studio in Nashville, Tennessee for Bulldog Records (No.
Alfredo de Zayas y Alfonso (February 21, 1861 – April 11, 1934), usually known as Alfredo de Zayas under Spanish naming customs and also known as Alfredo Zayas, was a Cuban lawyer, poet and political figure.
He served as prosecutor, judge, mayor of Havana, secretary of the Constitutional Convention, Senator 1905, president of the Senate 1906, Vice President of Cuba 1908–1913 and President of Cuba from May 20, 1921, to May 20, 1925.
Born in Havana into an aristocratic family with old sugar plantations, he was the 5th child of Dr. José María de Zayas y Jiménez (1824–1887), a noted lawyer and educator, and Lutgarda Alfonso y Espada (1831–1898).
He was brother to Dr. Juan Bruno de Zayas y Alfonso (1867–1896), a medical doctor and revolutionary hero who died in the war for Cuba's independence, and of Dr. Francisco de Zayas y Alfonso (1857–1924), Cuba's long-time Minister to Paris and Brussels.
Zayas was an intellectual, not a military leader, and during the 1895-1898 Cuban war of independence, he was arrested and sent to prison in the African possession of Ceuta.
A vocal leader of the opposition against U.S. annexation of Cuba, he voted against the Platt Amendment and against granting naval bases to the United States in Guantánamo and Bahia Honda.
In the contested, 1916 presidential election in which the populist Liberal Party used violent tactics, he obtained more votes than the pro-US candidate, Cornell graduate General Mario García Menocal.
The Chambelona War ensued, which after some reverses, was won by the Conservative Forces of Garcia Menocal with the covert support of the United States.
The United States provided military support to García Menocal from Guantánamo Naval Base, without formally invoking its right of intervention pursuant to the Platt Amendment, incorporated in the US-Cuba Treaty of 1903.
Although his administration was systematically defamed by the opposition as corrupt, it actually was less corrupt than preceding and subsequent administrations, and Zayas, refrained from censoring the press or arresting critics, unlike prior and later Cuban presidents.
When he took office in 1921, the country was in bankruptcy, with debts exceeding US$40 million, and sugar prices plummeting from 22 cents to 3 cents per pound.
In 1884, Zayas married Margarita Teresa Claudia del Carmen Arrieta y Diago and they had four children, Margarita (1886–1964), Alfredo (1888–1929), Francisco (1889–1934), and Maria-Teresa Zayas Arrieta (1892–1952).
In the next election Gerardo Machado was elected, but turned dictatorial, and after a series of coups that followed when Machado was forced to step down Fulgencio Batista rose to power.
It was released on 28 March 1994 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and in the United States by Sire Records.
The first disc includes original album with three bonus tracks; the second includes an additional ten B-sides, remixes and live tracks.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 478, adopted on 20 August 1980, is one of seven UNSC resolutions condemning Israel's attempted annexation of East Jerusalem.
The resolution states that the Council will not recognize this law, and calls on member states to accept the decision of the council.
He also said that The United States would forcefully resist any attempt to impose sanctions on Israel under Chapter VII of the Charter.
He noted that America's policy regarding Jerusalem at the end of 1980 continued to be marked by a considerable degree of ambiguity and confusion.
Two of the decisions contained in the resolution concerned the illegality of the Basic Law Jerusalem and violations of the Geneva Convention which are regarded as serious violations of customary international law.
The Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs is a legal publication, which analyzes and records the decisions of the UN organs.
Although they were not adopted under Chapter VII of the Charter, the organization considers determinations regarding illegal situations to be binding upon all of its members.
The subsequent advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice expressed the view that all States are under an obligation not to recognize the illegal situation in and around East Jerusalem.
Most nations with embassies in Jerusalem relocated their embassies to Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan or Herzliya following the adoption of Resolution 478.
Following the withdrawals of Costa Rica and El Salvador in August 2006, no country maintained its embassy in Jerusalem until May 2018.
Following President Trump's announcement in December 2017, the United States relocated their embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem on May 14, 2018.
The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, (RoHS 1), short for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union.
The RoHS 1 directive took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and became a law in each member state.
This directive restricts (with exceptions) the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment.
It is closely linked with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC ((Warning: this Directive is no longer in force and has been substituted by a newer one ))which sets collection, recycling and recovery targets for electrical goods and is part of a legislative initiative to solve the problem of huge amounts of toxic electronic waste.
In speech, RoHS is often spelled out, or pronounced , , , or , and refers to the EU standard, unless otherwise qualified.
The maximum permitted concentrations in non-exempt products are 0.1% or 1000 ppm (except for cadmium, which is limited to 0.01% or 100 ppm) by weight.
The screws, washers, and case may each be made of homogenous materials, but the other components comprise multiple sub-components of many different types of material.
For instance, a circuit board is composed of a bare Printed circuit board (PCB), Integrated circuits (IC), resistors, capacitors, switches, etc.
A switch is composed of a case, a lever, a spring, contacts, pins, etc., each of which may be made of different materials.
So if it turns out that the case was made of plastic with 2,300 ppm (0.23%) PBB used as a flame retardant, then the entire radio would fail the requirements of the directive.
In an effort to close RoHS 1 loopholes, in May 2006 the European Commission was asked to review two currently excluded product categories (monitoring and control equipment, and medical devices) for future inclusion in the products that must fall into RoHS compliance.
However, in Europe, batteries are under the European Commission's 1991 Battery Directive (91/157/EEC), which was recently increased in scope and approved in the form of the new battery directive, version 2003/0282 COD, which will be official when submitted to and published in the EU's Official Journal.
While the first Battery Directive addressed possible trade barrier issues brought about by disparate European member states' implementation, the new directive more explicitly highlights improving and protecting the environment from the negative effects of the waste contained in batteries.
It also contains a programme for more ambitious recycling of industrial, automotive, and consumer batteries, gradually increasing the rate of manufacturer-provided collection sites to 45% by 2016.
It also sets limits of 5 ppm mercury and 20 ppm cadmium to batteries except those used in medical, emergency, or portable power-tool devices.
Though not setting quantitative limits on quantities of lead, lead–acid, nickel, and nickel–cadmium in batteries, it cites a need to restrict these substances and provide for recycling up to 75% of batteries with these substances.
Compliance is the responsibility of the company that puts the product on the market, as defined in the Directive; components and sub-assemblies are not responsible for product compliance.
Of course, given the fact that the regulation is applied at the homogeneous material level, data on substance concentrations needs to be transferred through the supply chain to the final producer.
Cadmium is found in many of the components above; examples include plastic pigmentation, nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries and CdS photocells (used in night lights).
Mercury is used in lighting applications and automotive switches; examples include fluorescent lamps and mercury tilt switches (these are rarely used nowadays).
RoHS and other efforts to reduce hazardous materials in electronics are motivated in part to address the global issue of consumer electronics waste.
All told, the EPA estimates that in the U.S. that year, between 1.5 and 1.9 million tons of computers, TVs, VCRs, monitors, cell phones, and other equipment were discarded.
If all sources of electronic waste are tallied, it could total 50 million tons a year worldwide, according to the UN Environment Programme.
American electronics sent offshore to countries like Ghana in West Africa under the guise of recycling may be doing more harm than good.
In addition to the high-tech waste problem, RoHS reflects contemporary research over the past 50 years in biological toxicology that acknowledges the long-term effects of low-level chemical exposure on populations.
RoHS and other environmental laws are in contrast to historical and contemporary law that seek to address only acute toxicology, that is direct exposure to large amounts of toxic substances causing severe injury or death.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published a life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the environmental impacts of lead-free and tin–lead solder, as used in electronic products.
For both paste and bar solders, all of the lead-free solder alternatives had a lower (better) LCA score in toxicity categories than tin/lead solder.
This is primarily due to the toxicity of lead, and the amount of lead that leaches from printed wiring board assemblies, as determined by the leachability study conducted by the partnership.
The study results are providing the industry with an objective analysis of the life-cycle environmental effects of leading candidate alternative lead-free solders, allowing industry to consider environmental concerns along with the traditionally evaluated parameters of cost and performance.
This assessment is also allowing industry to redirect efforts toward products and processes that reduce solders' environmental footprint, including energy consumption, releases of toxic chemicals, and potential risks to human health and the environment.
As more and more products include recycled plastics, it has become critical to know the BFR concentration in these plastics, either by tracing the origins of the recycled plastics to establish the BFR concentrations, or by measuring the BFR concentrations from samples.
Plastics with high BFR concentrations are costly to handle or to discard, whereas plastics with levels below 0.1% have value as recyclable materials.
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can confirm the presence of bromine (Br), but it does not indicate the BFR concentration or specific molecule.
The RoHS 2 directive (2011/65/EU) is an evolution of the original directive and became law on 21 July 2011 and took effect on 2 January 2013.
It requires periodic re-evaluations that facilitate gradual broadening of its requirements to cover additional electronic and electrical equipment, cables and spare parts.
In 2012, a final report from the European Commission revealed that some EU Member States considered all toys under the scope of the primary RoHS 1 Directive 2002/95/EC, irrespective of whether their primary or secondary functions were using electric currents or electromagnetic fields.
From the implementation of RoHS 2 or RoHS Recast Directive 2011/65/EU on, all the concerned Member States will have to comply with the new regulation.
The key difference in the recast is that it is now necessary to demonstrate conformity in a similar way to the LVD and EMC directives.
Not being able to show compliance in sufficiently detailed files, and not ensuring it is implemented in production is now a criminal offence.
It describes 2 methods of achieving presumption of conformity (Directive 2011/65/EU Article 16.2), either technical files should include test data for all materials or a standard accepted in the official journal for the directive, is used.
Currently the only standard is EN50581, a risk based method to reduce the amount of test data required (Harmonised Standards list for RoHS2, OJEU C363/6).
One of the consequences of the requirement to demonstrate conformity is the requirement to know the exemption use of each component, otherwise it is not possible to know compliance when the product is placed on the market, the only point in time the product must be 'compliant'.
Many do not understand that 'compliance' varies depending on what exemptions are in force and it is quite possible to make a non-compliant product with 'compliant' components.
In reality this means knowing the exemption status of all components and using up stock of old status parts before the expire date of the exemptions (Directive 2011/65/EU Article 7.b referring to Decision 768/2008/EC Module A Internal production control).
Not having a system to manage this could be seen as a lack of diligence and a criminal prosecution could occur (UK Instrument 2012 N. 3032 section 39 Penalties).
RoHS 2 also has a more dynamic approach to exemptions, creating an automatic expiration if exemptions are not renewed by requests from industry.
These are part of the NLF for directives and make the supply chain a more active part of the policing (Directive 2011/65/EU Articles 7, 9, 10).
The RoHS 2 directive (2011/65/EU) contains allowance to add new materials and 4 materials are highlighted for this attention in the original version, the amendment 2015/863 adds four additional substances to Annex II of 2011/65/EU (3/4 of the new restrictions are recommended for investigation in the original directive, ref Para 10 of preamble).
This is another reason that simple component RoHS compliance statements are not acceptable as compliance requirements vary depending on the date the product is placed on the market (ref EN50581:2012).
The additional four substances restriction and evidence requirements shall be applied for products placed on the market on or after 22 July 2019 except where exemptions permit as stated in Annex III., although at the time of writing no exemptions exist or have been applied for, for these materials.
The new substances are also listed under the Reach Candidate list, and DEHP is not authorised for manufacturing (use as a substance) in the EU under annexe XIV of Reach.
With the recast of the original RoHS (I) Directive (2002/95/EC), the scope of the directive was decoupled from the scope of the WEEE Directive and an open scope was introduced.
All other EEE was in scope of the Directive, unless specific exemptions have been granted through Commission delegated acts (see next paragraph).
Products within scope of the RoHS 2 directive must display the CE mark, the manufacturers name and address and a serial or batch number.
Parties needing to know more detailed compliance information can find this on the EU Declaration of Conformity for the product as created by the manufacturer (Brand owner) responsible for the design or the EU representative.
The regulation also requires most actors in the supply chain for the product (importer and distributors) to keep and check this document, as well as ensuring a conformance process has been followed and the correct language translation for instructions are provided.
The directive requires the manufacturer to demonstrate conformity by the use of test data for all materials or by following a harmonised standard (EN50581:2012 is the only standard at the time of writing).
RoHS 2 attempts to address this issue by requiring the aforementioned CE mark whose use is policed by the Trading Standards enforcement agency.
New substance restrictions being considered for introduction in the next few years include phthalates, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), chlorinated flame retardants (CFRs), and PVC.
This law prohibits the sale of electronic devices after 1 January 2007, that are prohibited from being sold under the EU RoHS directive, but across a much narrower scope that includes LCDs, CRTs, and the like and only covers the four heavy metals restricted by RoHS.
Other US states and cities are debating whether to adopt similar laws, and there are several states that have mercury and PBDE bans already.
Worldwide standards and certification are available under the QC 080000 standard, governed by the National Standards Authority of Ireland, to ensure the control of hazardous substances in industrial applications.
In 2012 Sweden's Chemicals Agency (Kemi) and Electrical Safety Authority tested 63 consumer electronics products and found that 12 were out of compliance.
Manufacturers will find that it is cheaper to have only a single bill of materials for a product that is distributed worldwide, instead of customising the product to fit each country's specific environmental laws.
For example, IBM forces each of their suppliers to complete a Product Content Declaration form to document compliance to their environmental standard 'Baseline Environmental Requirements for Materials, Parts and Products for IBM Logo Hardware Products'.
Thus, IBM banned DecaBDE, even though there was formerly a RoHS exemption for this material (overturned by the European Court in 2008).
Adverse effects on product quality and reliability, plus high cost of compliance (especially to small business) are cited as criticisms of the directive, as well as early research indicating that the life cycle benefits of lead-free solder versus traditional solder materials are mixed.
Many believe the industry is stronger now through this experience and has a better understanding of the science and technologies involved.
One criticism of RoHS is that the restriction of lead and cadmium does not address some of their most prolific applications, while being costly for the electronics industry to comply with .
Specifically, the total lead used in electronics makes up only 2% of world lead consumption, while 90% of lead is used for batteries (covered by the battery directive, as mentioned above, which requires recycling and limits the use of mercury and cadmium, but does not restrict lead).
Another criticism is that less than 4% of lead in landfills is due to electronic components or circuit boards, while approximately 36% is due to leaded glass in cathode ray tube monitors and televisions, which can contain up to 2 kg per screen.This study was done right after the tech boom.
a 30 °C typical difference for tin-silver-copper alloys, but wave soldering temperatures are approximately the same at ~255 °C; however at this temperature most typical lead free solders have longer wetting times than eutectic Pb/Sn 37:63 solder.
Additionally wetting force is typically lower, which can be disadvantageous (for hole filling), but advantageous in other situations (closely spaced components).
Care must be taken in selection of RoHS solders as some formulations are harder with less ductility, increasing the likelihood of cracks instead of plastic deformation, which is typical for lead-containing solders.
Cracks can occur due to thermal or mechanical forces acting on components or the circuit board, the former being more common during manufacturing and the latter in the field.
The editor of Conformity Magazine wondered in 2005 if the transition to lead-free solder would affect long-term reliability of electronic devices and systems, especially in applications more mission-critical than in consumer products, citing possible breaches due to other environmental factors like oxidation.
Potential reliability concerns were addressed in Annex item #7 of the RoHS directive, granting some specific exemptions from regulation until 2010.
Historically tin whiskers have been associated with a handful of failures, including a nuclear power plant shutdown and pacemaker incident where pure tin plating was used.
To help mitigate potential problems, lead-free manufacturers are using a variety of approaches such as tin-zinc formulations that produce non-conducting whiskers or formulations that reduce growth, although they do not halt growth completely in all circumstances.
Whisker growth occurs slowly over time, is unpredictable, and not fully understood, so time may be the only true test of these efforts.
However, this may be a moot point, since as electronic component manufacturers convert their production lines to producing only lead-free parts, conventional parts with eutectic tin-lead solder will simply not be available, even for military, aerospace and industrial users.
To the extent that only solder is involved, this is at least partially mitigated by many lead-free components' compatibility with lead-containing solder processes.
Leadframe-based components, such as Quad Flat Packages (QFP), Small Outline Integrated Circuits (SOIC), and Small outline packages (SOP) with gull wing leads, are generally compatible since the finish on the part leads contributes a small amount of material to the finished joint.
However, components such as Ball grid arrays (BGA) which come with lead-free solder balls and leadless parts are often not compatible with lead-containing processes.
For example, tin whiskers were responsible for a 5% failure rate in certain components of Swiss Swatch watches in 2006, prior to the July implementation of RoHS, reportedly triggering a US$1 billion recall.
Although lead containing solder cannot be completely eliminated from all applications today, AMD engineers have developed effective technical solutions to reduce lead content in microprocessors and chipsets to ensure RoHS compliance while minimizing costs and maintaining product features.
RoHS printed circuit board finishing technologies are surpassing traditional formulations in fabrication thermal shock, solder paste printability, contact resistance, and aluminium wire bonding performance and nearing their performance in other attributes.
The properties of lead-free solder, such as its high temperature resilience, has been used to prevent failures under harsh field conditions.
These conditions include operating temperatures with test cycles in the range of −40 °C to +150 °C with severe vibration and shock requirements.
Lead-containing solder has a lower surface tension, and tends to move slightly to attach itself to exposed metal surfaces that touch any part of the liquid solder.
Lead-free solder conversely tends to stay in place where it is in its liquid state, and attaches itself to exposed metal surfaces only where the liquid solder touches it.
Test and measurement vendors, such as National Instruments, have also started to produce RoHS-compliant products, despite devices in this category being exempt from the RoHS directive.
He attended the United States Military Academy from 1822 to 1825, but dropped out due to poor grades in philosophy and chemistry.
After completing the preliminary training of a Marine officer in Washington, D.C., Zeilin's first tours of duty were ashore at the Marine Barracks, Philadelphia, and at Gosport, Virginia.
He first went to sea on board the sloop of war in March 1832, which was followed by a tour of duty at Charlestown (Boston), Massachusetts.
In February 1842, he returned to sea duty, on board the , and during the cruise that followed spent several months on the Brazil station.
Upon the conclusion of this tour of sea duty, and after again serving at important Marine Corps stations on the east coast of the United States from 1842 to 1845, he was transferred to duty aboard the frigate of the U.S. Pacific Squadron.
He took part in the conquest of California (1846–1847) and was brevetted to the rank of major (two grades above his rank at the time) for gallantry during the action at the San Gabriel River crossing on January 9, 1847.
On 28 January 1847, Zeilin was appointed Military Commandant of San Diego and served in that capacity until the completion of the conquest of California.
During the following few months, Zeilin, with the Marines of the Pacific Squadron, participated in the capture of important ports in lower California and the west coast of Mexico, and served as Fleet Marine Officer of the Pacific Squadron.
In September 1847, he served with the forces that captured Guaymas and those that met the enemy at San Jose on the 30th.
For the remainder of the war, Mazatlán was his center of activity, and he fought in several skirmishes with the Mexicans in that area.
After the close of the war with Mexico, Zeilin proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia, where he served for a time, then to New York.
He was selected to accompany Commodore Matthew C. Perry as Fleet Marine Officer in the famous expedition to Japan, serving with the Marine Detachment in in which he cruised to Japan with the expedition.
He was the second person to set foot on shore at the formal landing of the naval forces at Kurihama, Yokosuka, Japan on 14 July 1853, and was one of those later accorded special honor for his part in the expedition that opened the doors of Japan to the outside world.
After remaining for a time at Washington, he again went to sea, this time aboard the frigate , on the European Station, until 1859.
During the early part of the American Civil War, Zeilin was on garrison duty in command of Marine Barracks, firstly at Philadelphia and later at Washington, D.C. Five days later, he was appointed to the regular rank of major.
On July 21, 1861, he commanded a company of U.S. Marines during the First Battle of Bull Run and received a slight wound.
In 1863, Zeilin was given command of the battalion of U.S. Marines sent to support the naval force whose mission was the capture of Charleston, South Carolina, but, because of illness, he returned after a few weeks of this duty to garrison duty at Marine Barracks, Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
His faithful and efficient performance of the duties of Commandant of the Marine Corps during the trying period of the last year of the war and those years immediately following the close of the war is evidenced by the fact that he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on 2 March 1867.
Together they had one son, William Freeman Zeilin (1851-1880) and two daughters, Margaret Freeman Very (1850-1911) (wife of Edward Wilson Very) and Anne V. Stockton (wife of one of Senator John P. Stockton's sons).
General Zeilin was a member of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military society of officers who served in the Union armed forces.
Sports Journalism started in the early 1800s when it was targeted to the social elite and has transitioned into an integral part of the news business with newspapers having dedicated sports sections.
The increased popularity of sports amongst the middle and lower class led to the more coverage of sports content in publications.
There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play by play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport.
Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions.
Horse races between the North and South and boxing bouts between US and England garnered a lot of interest from the social elite.
During the 1820s and 30s, the primary demographic target for newspapers was the social elite as newspaper was too expensive for the common man.
Approaching the 20th century, several important changes occurred that lead to the increased saturation of sports journalism in the main stream.
Simultaneously, the Industrial Revolution was creating a rapidly expanding middle class who were moving from the country side to booming urban developments.
The change in the target demographic meant that newspaper publishers were looking for content that appealed to the masses so they turned to sports.
Teams also started constructing dedicated sections called press box in the stadiums for the press to sit and record notes on the game.
As technology introduced new developments like the radio, television and the internet, the focus of sports coverage shifted from the play by play to statistical analysis of the game and background pieces on the players.
This led to the creation of journals like Sports Illustrated, first published in 1954, was one of the first publications to solely focus on sports.
Sports Illustrated was the brainchild of Henry Lucre who felt that the established publishers at the time were not taking advantage of the public's massive appetite for sports.
With weekly issues, Sports Illustrated was able to produce more classic journalistic pieces as the writers had more time to research and conduct longer interview sit downs with players and coaches.
These developments have significantly affected sports journalism as established publications like Sports Illustrated and ESPN have had to cut content, increase prices and reduce the number of publications which leads to more people unsubscribing from the content.
At first digital sports journalism covered broad topics in scope, but as time went on and the internet became more widespread, bloggers and location and team specific websites started taking over the market.
This lower cost to the consumer as well as increased access to variety of very specific content led to the shift away from print and towards digital.
However, the growth seen in the digital space which has increased advertising revenue has not balanced out the losses from print journalism.
This has led to a lot of shorter style journalistic pieces offering controversial opinions in order to generate the most clicks.
Sportswriters regularly face more deadline pressure than other reporters because sporting events tend to occur late in the day and closer to the deadlines many organizations must observe.
Yet they are expected to use the same tools as news journalists, and to uphold the same professional and ethical standards.
Sports stories occasionally transcend the games themselves and take on socio-political significance: Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball is an example of this.
Modern controversies regarding the hyper-compensation of top athletes, the use of anabolic steroids and other, banned performance-enhancing drugs, and the cost to local and national governments to build sports venues and related infrastructure, especially for Olympic Games, also demonstrates how sports can intrude on to the news pages.
Recently, the issue of Colin Kaepernick’s protest of injustice shown to people of color by the police by kneeling during the performance of the national anthem before his football games has created diverse and varied coverage.
His actions have taken his discussion from the sports field and into the national scope as major political pundits and even the Presidents commenting on the ethics of his actions.
Kaepernick cites that his position as a quarterback in the National Football League gives him a unique opportunity to carry out his message.
Kaepernick's actions have inspired a wave of athletes using their position to take on social issues ranging from abortion to college athletes getting monetary compensation.
The author creates a story from the raw quotes provided by the athlete and this is published to thousands of viewers.
Inherent in the publication will be the biases of the author and this will be passed on to the reader (cite).
As sports moves more and more into the political discussion space, sports journalist will have increasingly more power over the public sentiment of the hottest issues at the moment.
There has been a major shift within sports in the last decade as more sports teams are switching to using analytics.
A large reason for this shift is due to many articles being published about the increased benefit of using analytics to make strategic decisions in a game.
Sports publications are now hiring people with extensive background in statistics and mathematics in order to publish articles detailing the analysis these teams are conducting.
Blog sites like FiveThirtyEight began to sprout as full-time sport analytic sites that took available data and constructed analytic heavy articles pertaining to sports.
ESPN has implemented a segment in their shows called ‘Sports Science’ where stars of every sport come in to test how advanced analytics affect field performance.
The tradition of sports reporting attracting some of the finest writers in journalism can be traced to the coverage of sport in Victorian England, where several modern sports – such as association football, cricket, athletics and rugby – were first organized and codified into something resembling what we would recognize today.
The Race, an annual rowing event between the University of Cambridge and University of Oxford, has been held annually from 1856.
One of his successors, John Arlott, who became a worldwide favorite because of his radio commentaries on the BBC, was also known for his poetry.
The first London Olympic Games in 1908 attracted such widespread public interest that many newspapers assigned their very best-known writers to the event.
Such was the drama of that race, in which Dorando Pietri collapsed within sight of the finishing line when leading, that Conan Doyle led a public subscription campaign to see the gallant Italian, having been denied the gold medal through his disqualification, awarded a special silver cup, which was presented by Queen Alexandra.
And the public imagination was so well caught by the event that annual races in Boston, Massachusetts, and London, and at future Olympics, were henceforward staged over exactly the same, 26-mile, 385-yard distance used for the 1908 Olympic Marathon, and the official length of the event worldwide to this day.
The first sports reporter in Great Britain, and one of the first sports reporters in the World, was an English writer Edgar Wallace, who made a report on The Derby on June 6, 1923 for the British Broadcasting Company.
After the Second World War, the sports sections of British national daily and Sunday newspapers continued to expand, to the point where many papers now have separate standalone sports sections; some Sunday tabloids even have sections, additional to the sports pages, devoted solely to the previous day's football reports.
In some respects, this has replaced the earlier practice of many regional newspapers which - until overtaken by the pace of modern electronic media - would produce special results editions rushed out on Saturday evenings.
Some such ghosted columns, however, did little to further the reputation of sports journalism, which is increasingly becoming the subject of academic scrutiny of its standards.
These agencies included Pardons, or the Cricket Reporting Agency, which routinely provided the editors of the Wisden cricket almanac, and Hayters.
Many became household names in the late 20th century through their trenchant reporting of events, spurring popularity: the Massacre at the Munich Olympics in 1972; Muhammad Ali's fight career, including his 1974 title bout against George Foreman; the Heysel Stadium disaster; and the career highs and lows of the likes of Tiger Woods, George Best, David Beckham, Lester Piggott and other high-profile stars.
During his career, Wooldridge became so famous that, like the sports stars he reported upon, he hired the services of IMG, the agency founded by the American businessman, Mark McCormack, to manage his affairs.
Glanville wrote several books, including novels, as well as scripting the memorable official film to the 1966 World Cup staged in England.
Since the 1990s, the growing importance of sport, its impact as a global business and the huge amounts of money involved in the staging of events such as the Olympic Games and football World Cups, has also attracted the attention of investigative journalists.
The sensitive nature of the relationships between sports journalists and the subjects of their reporting, as well as declining budgets experienced by most Fleet Street newspapers, has meant that such long-term projects have often emanated from television documentary makers.
The stakes can be high when upsetting sport's powers: in 2007, England's FA opted to switch its multimillion-pound contract for UK coverage rights of the FA Cup and England international matches from the BBC to rival broadcasters ITV.
One of the reasons cited was that the BBC had been too critical of the performances of the England football team.
Increasingly, sports journalists have turned to long-form writing, producing popular books on a range of sporting topics, including biographies, history and investigations.
Dan Topolski was the first recipient of the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award in 1989, which has continued to reward authors for their excellence in sports literature.
These organizations attempt to maintain the standard of press provision at sports venues, to oversee fair accreditation procedures and to celebrate high standards of sports journalism.
The International Sports Press Association, AIPS, was founded in 1924 during the Olympic Games in Paris, at the headquarters of the Sporting Club de France, by Frantz Reichel, the press chief of the Paris Games, and the Belgian Victor Boin.
AIPS operates through a system of continental sub-associations and national associations, and liaises closely with some of the world's biggest sports federations, including the International Olympic Committee, football's world governing body FIFA, and the IAAF, the international track and field body.
For horse racing the Horserace Writers and Photographers’ Association was founded in 1927, was revived in 1967, and represents the interests of racing journalists in every branch of the media.
Founded as the Sports Writers' Association, following a merger with the Professional Sports Photographers' Association in 2002, the organization changed its title to the more inclusive SJA.
The SJA represents the British sports media on the British Olympic Association's press advisory committee and acts as a consultant to organizers of major events who need guidance on media requirements as well as seeking to represent its members' interests in a range of activities.
At the same awards, Jeff Stelling, of Sky Sports, was named Sports Broadcaster of the Year for the third time, a prize determined by a ballot of SJA members.
The center is also home to the Associated Press Sports Editors, the largest group of sports media professionals in the country.
In more recent years, sports journalism has turned its attention to online news and press release media and provided services to Associated Press and other major news syndication services.
This has led to an increasing number of freelance journalism in the sports industry and an explosion of sports related news and industry websites.
Ranging from team-centric blogs to those that cover the sports media itself, Bleacher Report, Deadspin.com, ProFootballTalk.com, BaseballEssential.com, Tireball Sports, AOL Fanhouse, Masshole Sports, the blogs in the Yardbarker Network, and others have garnered massive followings.
Blogging has also been taken up by former athletes such as Curt Schilling, Paula Radcliffe, Greg Oden, Donovan McNabb, and Chris Cooley.
Fans can not only check in with sports news on sites like twitter and Facebook, but get more personal and direct content from the athletes and coaches.
This has changed the way content gets published on sites like Twitter where the author is restricted by a character count.
There has been an ongoing debate as to whether or not female reporters should be allowed in the locker rooms after games.
If they are denied access, this gives male reporters a competitive advantage in the field, as they can interview players in the locker room after games.
If locker room access is denied to all reporters - male and female - because of this controversy, male journalists would likely resent female reporters for having their access taken away.
Holmes attempted to win a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1867 but was defeated in a wave of anti-Confederation sentiment.
The Tories won the 1878 election and Holmes became Premier of the province to find the treasury depleted and the Legislative Council in the hands of the Liberals.
The Tory government passed legislation to create county government, lengthened the training period for teachers, subsidized education for blind children and attempted to improve mine safety.
The Liberal-dominated Upper House frustrated much of Holmes' program and he attempted three times to abolish the Legislative Council, but failed.
Holmes' personal style tended to be authoritarian and this factor, along with the political impasse, led to a caucus revolt that resulted in his resignation in 1882 to accept a lucrative position as crown clerk for Halifax County.
He became teacher at the École normale supérieure in Paris and lecturer at the Académie de Paris at Sorbonne in 1858, professor at École polytechnique (after Victor Duruy) in 1863, and was 1876 appointed Inspector General over Higher Education.
He was elected a Member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques (section d'Histoire) of the Institut de France in 1874 after Jules Michelet.
Friedrich Albert von Zenker (13 March 1825, Dresden – 13 June 1898, near Plau in Mecklenburg) was a German pathologist and physician, celebrated for his discovery of trichinosis.
Attached to the city hospital of Dresden in 1851, he added, in 1855, the duties of professor of pathological anatomy and general pathology in the surgico-medical academy of that city.
Zenker's diverticulum, a false pathological diverticulum of the posterior pharyngeal wall, through the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus parts of the inferior constrictor muscle, is named after him.
It was released on 7 July 1997 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and in the United States by Reprise Records.
The album shows inspiration from genres such as dub, ambient, dance music, and krautrock, as well as bands such as Motörhead, Can, and the Stooges.
The album was written and recorded with the aid of two portable eight-track recording studios at the band's Chalk Farm rehearsal rooms.
Isabella Clara Eugenia (; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633) was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands in the Low Countries and the north of modern France, together with her husband Albert VII, Archduke of Austria.
Isabella Clara Eugenia of Austria was born in the Palacio del bosque de Valsaín, Segovia on 12 August 1566, daughter of Philip II of Spain and his third wife Elisabeth of Valois.
Her father, Philip II, was reportedly overjoyed at her birth and declared himself to be happier on the occasion than he would have been at the birth of a son.
Philip already had a male heir, Carlos, Prince of Asturias, the child of his first marriage to Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal; however, father and son had never developed a close rapport and frequently lived in conflict with one another.
Despite the significant age difference between them, Philip was very attached to Elisabeth, staying close by her side even when she was ill with smallpox.
She later gave birth to Isabella Clara Eugenia on 12 August 1566, and then to Isabella's younger sister Catherine Michelle 10 October 1567.
Isabella grew up with her sister, beloved by her father and her stepmother and first cousin, Anna of Austria, Philip's fourth wife.
Isabella was also the only person whom Philip permitted to help him with his work, sorting his papers and translating Italian documents into the Spanish language for him.
Isabella remained close to her father until his death on 13 September 1598, and served as his primary caretaker during the last three years of his life, when he was plagued by gout and frequent illness.
Since 1568, at the age of two, Isabella Clara Eugenia was promised to marry her cousin Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612), son of Emperor Maximilian II and her aunt Maria.
Isabella Clara Eugenia, however, had to wait for more than 20 years before the eccentric Rudolf declared that he had no intention of marrying anybody.
After her uncle, Henry III of France, was assassinated by the fanatical young monk Jacques Clément on 2 August 1589, Philip II claimed the French crown on behalf of Isabella Clara Eugenia despite France's Salic law, which forbade cognatic succession.
At any rate, Isabella Clara Eugenia's mother had ceded any claim to the French crown with her marriage to Philip II.
The Huguenot leader, Henry III of Navarre, the rightful King of France by traditional French inheritance laws, ultimately made good his claim to the throne, converted to Catholicism and was crowned in 1594.
Her father decided to cede the Spanish Netherlands to her on condition that she marry her cousin, Albert VII, Archduke of Austria.
They were to be succeeded by their descendants according to the male-preference cognatic primogeniture but should a female succeed, she was required to marry the King of Spain or the person chosen by the King of Spain.
It was also stipulated that, should they have no children, the Netherlands would revert to the King of Spain upon the death of either spouse.
On 18 April 1599, being 33 years old, she married Albert, the younger brother of her former fiancé Emperor Rudolf II.
As Albert also was the Archbishop of Toledo, he had to be released from his religious commitments by Pope Clement VIII before the wedding could take place.
Shortly before Philip II died on 13 September 1598, he resigned the thrones of the Netherlands in favor of Isabella and her fiancé.
Beginning in 1601, the couple ruled the Spanish Netherlands together, and after Albert's death Isabella was appointed Governor of the Netherlands on behalf of the King of Spain.
The reign of the Archduke Albert of Austria and Archduchess Isabella Clara Eugenia is a key period in the history of the Spanish Netherlands.
After four decades of war, it brought a period of much-needed peace and stability to the economy of the Southern Netherlands.
The two rulers consolidated the authority of the House of Habsburg over the territory of the Southern Netherlands and largely succeeded in reconciling previous anti-Spanish sentiments.
When it became clear that independence would not be possible, Albert and Isabella's goal became the reincorporation of the Southern Provinces into the Spanish monarchy.
In pursuit of that goal and to get their political agenda to all Flemish social classes, Albert and Isabella used the most diverse media.
Thus Isabella and her husband stimulated the growth of this artistic movement, which resulted in the creation of the Flemish Baroque painting.
Their patronage of such artists as Peter Paul Rubens, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Wenceslas Cobergher, the family, the Van Veens and many others were the beginning of a Golden Age in the Southern Netherlands.
This, coupled with the political configuration of the period, made the Archdukes' Court at Brussels one of the foremost political and artistic centers in Europe of that time.
It became the testing ground for the Spanish Monarchy's European plans, a boiling pot full of people of all sorts: from artists and diplomats to defectors, spies and penitent traitors, from Spanish confessors, Italian counselors, Burgundian functionaries, English musicians, German bodyguards to the Belgian Nobles.
The Treaty of London and the Twelve Years' Truce were brought about thanks to the active involvement of the Archdukes in the negotiations.
Brussels became a vital link in the chain of Habsburg Courts and the diplomatic conduits between Madrid, Vienna, Paris, London, Lisbon, Graz, Innsbruck, Prague and The Hague could be said to run through Brussels.
When Albert died in 1621, Isabella joined the Secular Franciscan Order and was appointed the Governor of the Netherlands on behalf of the King of Spain.
She was succeeded as Governor by Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, the third son of her half-brother Philip III of Spain in 1633.
She lived there as nun with her aunt Empress Maria and gifted major artworks to the convent, including a famous series of Brussels tapestries.
Henry Oliver Rinnan (14 May 1915 – 1 February 1947) was a notorious Norwegian Gestapo agent in the area around Trondheim, Norway during World War II.
During the Winter War, Rinnan tried to enlist with the Finns to fight against the Soviet Union, but was rejected due to his poor physique.
After the war, former members of Nasjonal Samling attempted to disassociate themselves from the group, which was seen as a pro-German unit.
During this decade the private residence of the Rinnan family was in the captured house of Landstads Vei 1, located approximately one kilometre from the gang's headquarters.
Having identified people who they thought were in the resistance, Rinnan's agents worked to build trust with them and penetrate their networks.
The Rinnan gang was responsible for the death of at least a hundred people in the Norwegian resistance and the British Special Operations Executive, for torturing hundreds of prisoners, for more than a thousand arrests, for compromising several hundred resistance groups, and in some cases, for deceiving people into carrying out missions for the Germans.
Forty percent of the people executed as a result of Norwegian war crimes trials after the Second World War were connected to Sonderabteilung Lola.
Heavenly Handel: Arias and Duets is the title of a music recording Virgin Classics released on two compact discs in early 2004.
As captain of the battlecruiser in 1916–17, Zenker saw action in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916.
He was appointed to the North Sea area command in 1918, holding this post when the German war effort collapsed in November 1918.
His son, Karl-Adolf Zenker (1907-1998), held the office equivalent to Chef der Marineleitung—Inspector of the Navy—in the West German Bundesmarine from 1961 to 1967.
The Harvard Universal Classics, originally known as Dr. Eliot's Five Foot Shelf, is a 51-volume anthology of classic works from world literature compiled and edited by Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot and first published in 1909.
Eliot had stated in speeches that the elements of a liberal education could be obtained by spending 15 minutes a day reading from a collection of books that could fit on a five-foot shelf.
Eliot worked for one year with William A. Neilson, a professor of English; Eliot determined the works to be included and Neilson selected the specific editions and wrote introductory notes.
The Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction was selected by Charles W. Eliot, LLD (1834-1926), with notes and introductions by William Allan Neilson.
At least one is usually for sale on eBay, the Internet auction site, for $300 or so, a bargain at $6 a book.
The supply, from attics or private libraries around the country, seems endless — a tribute to the success of the publisher, P.F.
He emigrated to the US in the middle of the 1950s and was a professor of German Literature at the University of California, San Diego from 1967 to 1991.
He received the War Blind Prize for radio plays in 1979, the Berlin Literature Prize in 1993, and the Bremen Literature Prize in 1995.
He married Gene Carter in 1954; they had three daughters, Karin (1957), Kevyn (1959) and Kathy (1965), born just after he separated from his wife.
A private detective making a modest living, King was bitten and killed by the vampire Deacon Frost while on a case in London, England.
Waking up to find himself one of the undead, King was horrified at what he had become and vowed never to consummate the curse by passing it to another.
King also prefers not to use his vampiric powers, believing that he gave up a part of himself every time he did so.
King, with vampire hunters Blade and Frank Drake, join Strange in their visit to Castle Mordo where they retrieve the Darkhold.
This spell destroys Dracula and all current vampires then on Earth and prevented any more from being able to exist here.
King was not destroyed by the Montesi Formula because he had never taken blood from a living human being, but still required Doctor Strange to perform a complete blood transfusion for King to survive, which restored him to human form.
The trio subsequently founded a detective agency initially known simply as King, Drake, and Blade; the firm is later known as Borderline Investigations.
Alongside the Beast, Gargoyle, Daimon Hellstrom, Hellcat, Cutlass and Typhoon, and Rufus T. Hackstabber, he helped foil the plans of Minvera Bannister.
Discord among the three friends caused Drake to leave the firm, after which Blade suffered a breakdown after a fight with a once-again resurrected Dracula.
In their first mission, the Nightstalkers were hired by the demonic Lilith to kill the Daniel Ketch Ghost Rider and John Blaze, and battle the Meatmarket.
King later set up a small shop in San Francisco where a CIA agent enlisted his help in stopping a vampire plot to blackmail the Earth with biochemical weapons.
During this fight, CIA agent Tatjana Stiles was injured by vampire terrorist leader Navarro; although they defeated Navarro, Stiles's injuries were too painful for her to live with.
Weeks later, King read a newspaper article about the mysterious death of two Iraqi guards in an overseas search for terrorist weapons.
Blade's biological father then offered a way to restore the souls of all vampires, which he admitted would have the additional effect of removing all of their weaknesses.
The rite is dependent on Blade, however, who scoffed at a plan to provide practical invulnerability to the enemy he'd sworn to destroy.
Blade attempted to enlist King against his father, but King refused and attacked his former partner for denying him one of his greatest desires: to see the sunrise again.
He returned (as had every other vampire that Blade had killed) soon after, and Blade gave him a potion that stopped him needing to feast on blood.
Hannibal King is a vampire, and even when King was cured of his vampirism he has retained many of his vampiric abilities without actually being a vampire.
King is virtually immortal, possessing agelessness, immunity to diseases and poisons, and the ability to survive and heal great amounts of physical damage.
He also has the ability to instantly hypnotize human victims and can fly via directed motion hovering by taking on a mist-like form.
However, King also has the weaknesses of a vampire: the need for blood in order to sustain his existence, the inability to endure direct sunlight, and the standard vampiric vulnerabilities to garlic, silver, and the presence of religious symbols.
This man was not elderly, but appeared to be King's own physical age (which was arrested due to vampirism) and was not a vampire (which would arrest his age) as this story predates the return of vampires.
In a writing fashion similar to O Henry, there are visual and dialogue cues that are cleverly placed throughout the story.
In the movie, King is a member of a vampire hunting group known as the Nightstalkers, led by Abigail Whistler, a character created for the movie and based on a recurring character from the film franchise.
Roy Herman Kellerman (March 14, 1915 – March 22, 1984) was a U.S. Secret Service agent who was assigned to protect U.S. President John F. Kennedy when the latter was assassinated on November 22, 1963.
In his reports, later testimony and interviews, Kellerman outlines in detail his role in the immediate aftermath of the assassination, controlling key evidence of the crime and guiding doctors during the official autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Kellerman, a New Baltimore, Michigan native, graduated from high school in 1933 and worked for the Dodge division of Chrysler sporadically from 1935 until 1937 when he was sworn in as a trooper for the Michigan State Police.
Kellerman joined the Secret Service in Detroit just before Christmas 1941, transferring temporarily to the White House detail in March 1942 and permanently one month later.
As the Assistant Special Agent in Charge of November 22, 1963, Shift Team #3, Kellerman was riding in the front passenger seat of the presidential limousine.
Like all Secret Service agents assigned to protect the President of the United States, Kellerman was trained to use his own body as a shield, taking a bullet if necessary in the line of duty.
Kellerman, along with Secret Service agents William Greer, Clint Hill, and Rufus Youngblood, provided testimony to the Warren Commission in Washington, D.C. on March 9, 1964.
No actions were taken by the agent in the right front seat of the Presidential limousine [Roy Kellerman] to cover the President with his body, although it would have been consistent with Secret Service procedure for him to have done so.
The primary function of the agent was to remain at all times in close proximity to the President in the event of such emergencies.
Kellerman's report and later testimony indicate that he was with the president without interruption from the motorcade's departure from Love Field, through the entire autopsy and embalming and up until the president's remains were brought back to the White House.
In photographs and footage of the casket being loaded aboard Air Force One at Love Field, and later upon its arrival at Andrews Air Force Base, Kellerman can be seen directing the movements of the president's casket.
Kellerman testified that he played a role in the autopsy at Bethesda, including guiding the doctors toward specific conclusions regarding bullet locations.
Kellerman also took personal custody of the X-rays and photographic negatives at the conclusion of the autopsy and took them with him as he rode in the ambulance that transported the President's casket to the White House.
With Kellerman in charge of local events (and with the assistance of Greer), the Secret Service maintained custody of the most important evidence of the crime, including the president's body, clothing, limousine, forensic tissues, and autopsy photographs and X-rays, returning everything to the White House before the sun rose on November 23, 1963.
According to an interview given in 1981 after John Hinckley, Jr.'s attempt to assassinate President Reagan in 1981, Kellerman did not believe there was a conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy.
Operation Green () often also referred to as Case Green () or Plan Green (), was a full-scale operations plan for a Nazi German invasion of Ireland in support of Operation Sea Lion (), the invasion of the United Kingdom, during World War II.
Despite its detailed nature, Operation Green is thought to have been designed only as a credible threat, a feint, not an actual operation.
Plan W, a planned occupation of all of the Free State by the British Armed Forces, was drafted by the British military in secret liaison with the Irish government to counteract any German invasion.
They had little interest in tying up military resources in Britain or France, other than doing what was necessary to prevent the British and French from interfering with the invasion of the Soviet Union.
During Britain's darkest hour, therefore, the Germans were, in fact, secretly marshalling most of their resources to attack the Soviet Union.
Green was conceived in early-to mid-1940 and the plan was drawn up in August 1940, under three weeks after Hitler issued his initial warning order for Operation Sea Lion on 16 July 1940.
By 1942 Green had even made its way into the hands of the Irish military via the British military and was subsequently translated into English by Irish Military Intelligence G2 Branch.
This has raised suspicion that intercepted 'chatter' about Green may have been aimed at creating a 'bogeyman' in the minds of British military planners on their western flank.
There was some truth to this; one example is Generalmajor Walter Warlimont's recollection from 28 June 1940 of an operational instruction issued by the High Command.
It is possible that these efforts heightened the state of alert and were a cause of alarm in Britain, leading to the British expending significant effort in trying to convince the Irish government to abandon neutrality and side with the Allies.
Although Hitler had postponed Sea Lion on 17 September 1940, he took up a personal interest again on 3 December 1940 after hearing of radio reports alluding to a British invasion of Ireland.
For the present our envoy [assumed to be Dr. Eduard Hempel of the German Legation] must ascertain whether De Valera desires support and whether he wishes to have his military equipment supplemented by captured British war material (guns and ammunition), which could be sent to him in independent ships.
Ireland is important to the Commander in Chief, Air, [Göring] as his base for attacks on the north-west ports of Britain, although weather conditions must be investigated.
The estimation of Grand Admiral Erich Raeder of the Naval High Command was lukewarm, just as it had been for Sea Lion.
While Kaupitsch was to continue planning and training for Sea Lion/Green he seems to have shelved preparations in late 1940 and not returned to them.
They had no experience of large-scale amphibious warfare; they might have to fight and survive, without resupply, artillery support or screening aerial support, amongst a hostile citizenry.
They would have to fight against expected British troop movements from the north of the island, and from Great Britain invading Ireland to protect its flank.
These drawbacks, whilst probably acceptable to Hitler, were not acceptable to Raeder in his considered estimation four months after the plan was first floated.
As Sea Lion was rescheduled on 12 October 1940 for the Spring of 1941, then permanently cancelled on 13 February 1943, Green became an irrelevance.
That the plan for Green was completed days after being ordered is a testament to the planning staff in collating the data.
Even when intelligence-gathering was attempted following the fall of France it was mostly disastrous (see Operation Lobster I and Operation Seagull).
As Sea Lion was postponed and eventually shelved following the launching of Operation Barbarossa, the planning staff working on it issued two reprints, adding detail as they went.
120 photos accompanied the booklet; annexes contained street maps of twenty-five cities and towns, including street names and addresses of garage owners.
A second print of the plan in October 1941 added 332 photographs of the Irish countryside and coastline, mostly tourist photos, which were used to reference highly accurate Ordnance Survey maps.
Despite this attention to detail, and the improvements in the volume of data with each reprinting, a lot of the data was out of date or incomplete.
On the other hand, the Ardnacrusha power station on the lower Shannon was entirely detailed in the plan, thanks to the help of the German firm Siemens, which had built it prior to the war.
Green is often confused with a plan authored by the Irish Republican Army and sent to German Intelligence (Abwehr) in August 1940.
Green makes no mention of the IRA in these estimates, and it is fair to say that even if the planners had wanted to include detail and estimates of the IRA they would not have gained much accurate information from the Abwehr.
Leaving aside the possible propaganda and tactical aims of Green, the military planning aspects of Green are best considered as complementing the aims of Sea Lion.
In the event of Sea Lion's success, fulfilment of Green was expected to be the next step, insofar as operational plans stay static during wartime.
Dublin was mentioned as one of six German administrative headquarters between the two islands that were to be established on the successful completion of Sea Lion.
The jumping off point for Green was to be the French ports of Lorient, Saint-Nazaire, and Nantes with an initial force of 3,900 troops.
Having captured the ports there, German units were expected to fight their way up to thirty miles inland to establish a beach-head running from Gorey on the Wexford-Dublin road across the 2,610 feet height of Mount Leinster above Borris, County Carlow, through Thomastown in County Kilkenny, to Clonmel in County Tipperary.
A bridge building battalion was also to be landed along with three anti-aircraft companies and several 'raiding patrols'- to probe Irish Army defences.
Reserves from the German 61st, 72nd, and 290th Divisions were to take up occupation duties in the Gorey-Dungarvan bridgehead once it had been established.
The overall details for the plan appear to be sketchy from this point onwards, and mostly would have depended on the success or failure of Operation Sea Lion in Britain.
Beach-heads considered in Green included the Waterford-Wexford sector (favoured), the estuary of the River Shannon near Limerick, Galway Bay, Donegal Bay with Killala, Ballina and Sligo, Lough Foyle with Derry, the 'Bay of Belfast' (Belfast Lough), and Cobh in Cork.
The landings were to be effected by sea craft available in occupied France at the time, but there were few in existence and Operation Sea Lion was to have priority- further reasons why Raeder was not happy with Green.
It is also worth pointing out that to get to Ireland the departing ships would have had to circumnavigate the British coastline at Cornwall.
Every vessel taking part in Green was to carry anti-aircraft weaponry indicating that the planners expected the Royal Air Force (RAF) to intercept them, although air cover from the Luftwaffe's West of France Air Command was to be provided as part of Sea Lion.
Landing craft and vessels transporting the German troops were to be equipped with forward-facing guns, and invading troops were instructed to assume defensive positions as soon as they came under fire, considering retreat only in the most dire emergency.
There were gaps in the German planning; for instance the plans for the proposed incursion of Cobh (as a possible beach-head area in Green) is not accompanied by details of the 9.2 inch and 6 inch artillery defences located there.
This weaponry had formed part of the defences of the Treaty Ports, which the British had handed over to Irish forces in 1938.
Green dealt only with the plan for invasion, as no details on any subjugation of the population and eventual conquest of the entire island were included.
Among the Irish population, however, there was an element of support for the Third Reich due to resentment of British rule.
Sketchiness with regards to the plan has contributed to an assessment that it was more a diversionary attack than actual attempt to take over the island, although once committed it may have been hard for the German forces to withdraw.
It is likely, however, that the possibility of such planning was on the mind of Sean Russell and his acting Chief of Staff Stephen Hayes.
Russell is known to have reached out to the German Foreign Ministry and Abwehr during his time in Berlin, and Hayes is known to have sanctioned Plan Kathleen before it was delivered to the Abwehr in Berlin in August 1940.
This is possibly because the planners felt they had enough militarily useful data already, but likely because Green, although thorough, was created in a hurry.
Later editions contained no data from the IRA, instead only adding from publicly available information in reference books and details provided by German civilians who had worked in Ireland during the 1930s.
Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film, written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff, Natalie Portman, Peter Sarsgaard, and Ian Holm.
The film centers on Andrew Largeman (Braff), a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies.
The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff, who picked the music himself, won a Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.
Struggling actor Andrew Largeman wakes up from a dream—in which he apathetically sits on a crashing plane—to a telephone message from his father, telling Andrew that he needs to return home because his mother has died.
Later that night, Andrew goes to the party where he meets up with Mark, Dave, and Jesse, an old friend who has just earned a fortune after creating silent Velcro.
In Andrew's meeting with his doctor, it is revealed that Andrew has been on lithium and other mood stabilizers, as well as antidepressants, since the age of 10, but has recently stopped taking them.
Andrew then returns to Sam's house, and the two spend the rest of the day together, joining his friends later at Jesse's mansion.
Sam, Andrew, and Mark spend the day together, ending it in a quarry in Newark where Mark talks to a man named Albert, who is employed in keeping intruders out of the quarry.
Andrew is inspired by the conversation, and outside in the rain, he climbs atop a derelict crane and screams into the quarry, joined by Sam and Mark.
When Sam and Andrew look at the gift later on, it turns out to be Andrew's mother's favorite pendant, one of the items Mark stole from her grave, sold, and subsequently located.
Andrew eventually talks with his father, and states that he was not to blame for his mother's accident and that he will live the rest of his life without medications.
He acknowledges that she has changed his life but also recognizes that he still has to fix his personal problems before continuing the relationship.
Most of the film was shot on location in Braff's hometown of South Orange, New Jersey, with filming also taking place at Cranford, Livingston, Maplewood, Newark, Tenafly and Wallington as well as New York City and Los Angeles.
Braff accepted a Grammy Award in 2005 for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.
The film was first screened on January 16, 2004, at the Sundance Film Festival where it was purchased in a joint venture by Fox Searchlight Pictures and Miramax for US$5 million, double the film's budget.
From March until mid July, it screened at other various film festivals until it received a limited release on July 28 in North America.
It became only the fourth non-documentary feature to top the chart that year, as calculated by per screen average, since Memorial Day weekend.
Stephen Gilula, president of distribution at Fox Searchlight, attributed the film's gradual success to word of mouth and a publicity tour by Braff leading up to the film's theatrical debut.
Natalie Portman's character has been used as prime example of the Manic Pixie Dream Girl trope, since the term was coined.
In addition to being a nominee for the Grand Jury prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival, Braff received Best New Director from the Chicago Film Critics Association, the Florida Film Critics Circle's Pauline Kael Breakout Award, Best Debut Director award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, Breakout of the Year from the Phoenix Film Critics Society.
After its limited release in theaters, the film gained more popularity during its DVD release on December 28, 2004, which includes commentaries, deleted scenes, and featurettes.
Splatbooks are sourcebooks devoted to a particular facet, character class, or fictional faction in a role-playing game, providing additional background details and rules options.
It was first released on 31 January 2000 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and on 2 May 2000 in the United States by Astralwerks.
In a departure from their earlier, more hedonistic recordings, the band took a more political stance on the album, attacking government, police, and multinational corporations.
Its sound is more aggressive and forceful than Primal Scream's previous output, with harsh, industrial sounds forming the basis for many of its songs.
Hurndall was born in Darlington and he attended Claremont Preparatory School, Darlington and Scarborough College, before training as an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.
He appeared in 'Someone at the Door', a 1949 live broadcast TV comedy / thriller, which also featured Patrick Troughton (with whom he was later to appear in Doctor Who – see below).
Hurndall eventually won the role of the First Doctor, playing him as acerbic and temperamental but in some ways wiser than his successors.
When Tom Baker, who played the Fourth Doctor, declined to appear in the programme, Hurndall's role was expanded slightly to have the First Doctor take a greater part in the action.
The X-43 was an experimental uncrewed hypersonic aircraft with multiple planned scale variations meant to test various aspects of hypersonic flight.
After the booster rocket (a modified first stage of the Pegasus rocket) brought the stack to the target speed and altitude, it was discarded, and the X-43 flew free using its own engine, a scramjet.
Each of the other two flew successfully in 2004, setting speed records, with the scramjets operating for approximately 10 seconds followed by 10-minute glides and intentional crashes into the ocean.
The X-43 was a part of NASA's Hyper-X program, involving the American space agency and contractors such as Boeing, Micro Craft Inc, Orbital Sciences Corporation and General Applied Science Laboratory (GASL).
Following the cancellation of the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program in November 1994, the United States lacked a cohesive hypersonic technology development program.
The Hyper-X Phase I was a NASA Aeronautics and Space Technology Enterprise program conducted jointly by the Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, and the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California.
The vehicle was a lifting body design, where the body of the aircraft provides a significant amount of lift for flight, rather than relying on wings.
The X-43A's developers designed the aircraft's airframe to be part of the propulsion system: the forebody is a part of the intake airflow, while the aft section functions as an exhaust nozzle.
In the future, such lighter vehicles could take heavier payloads into space or carry payloads of the same weight much more efficiently.
Scramjets only operate at speeds in the range of Mach 4.5 or higher, so rockets or other jet engines are required to initially boost scramjet-powered aircraft to this base velocity.
In the case of the X-43A, the aircraft was accelerated to high speed with a Pegasus rocket launched from a converted Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bomber.
The engines in the X-43A test vehicles were specifically designed for a certain speed range, only able to compress and ignite the fuel-air mixture when the incoming airflow is moving as expected.
The first two X-43A aircraft were intended for flight at approximately Mach 7, while the third was designed to operate at speeds greater than Mach 9.8 at altitudes of or more.
NASA's first X-43A test on June 2, 2001 failed because the Pegasus booster lost control about 13 seconds after it was released from the B-52 carrier.
An investigation into the incident stated that imprecise information about the capabilities of the rocket as well as its flight environment contributed to the accident.
Several inaccuracies in data modeling for this test led to an inadequate control system for the particular Pegasus rocket used, though no single factor could ultimately be blamed for the failure.
In the second test in March 2004, the Pegasus fired successfully and released the test vehicle at an altitude of about .
After separation, the engine's air intake was opened, the engine ignited, and the aircraft then accelerated away from the rocket reaching Mach 6.83.
Following Pegasus booster separation, the vehicle experienced a small drop in speed but the scramjet engine afterward accelerated the vehicle in climbing flight.
After burnout, controllers were still able to maneuver the vehicle and manipulate the flight controls for several minutes; the aircraft, slowed by air resistance, fell into the ocean.
The X-43A set a new speed record of Mach 9.6 at about altitude, and further tested the ability of the vehicle to withstand the heat loads involved.
After the X-43 tests in 2004, NASA Dryden engineers said that they expected all of their efforts to culminate in the production of a two-stage-to-orbit crewed vehicle in about 20 years.
The scientists expressed much doubt that there would be a single-stage-to-orbit crewed vehicle like the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) in the foreseeable future.
They were expected to have the same basic body design as the X-43A, though the aircraft were expected to be moderately to significantly larger in size.
The X-43B, was expected to be a full-size vehicle, incorporating a turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) engine or a rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) ISTAR engine.
A ramjet might take over starting at Mach 2.5, with the engine converting to a scramjet configuration at approximately Mach 5.
The X-43C would have been somewhat larger than the X-43A and was expected to test the viability of hydrocarbon fuel, possibly with the HyTech engine.
While most scramjet designs have used hydrogen for fuel, HyTech runs with conventional kerosene-type hydrocarbon fuels, which are more practical for support of operational vehicles.
The engine cooling system would have acted as a chemical reactor by breaking long-chain hydrocarbons into short-chain hydrocarbons for a rapid burn.
The linked story reports the project's indefinite suspension and the appearance of Rear Admiral Craig E. Steidle before a House Space and Aeronautics subcommittee hearing on March 18, 2004.
As of September 2007, only a feasibility study had been conducted by Donald B. Johnson of Boeing and Jeffrey S. Robinson of NASA's Langley Research Center.
Marquess of Pembroke was a title in the Peerage of England created by King Henry VIII for his future spouse Anne Boleyn.
Henry VIII decided to raise his lover to the dignity of a marquess prior to finally marrying her and he chose to grant her the Marquessate of Pembroke.
On Sunday, 1 September 1532, Anne Boleyn was granted the Marquessate of Pembroke and land, mostly in Wales, worth over £1,000.
The ceremony was an elaborate affair, witnessed by the highest ranking peers and clergy in the kingdom, including Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire and Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Anne's father and uncle respectively; Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk (Henry's brother-in-law); Edward Lee, Archbishop of York; John Stokesley, Bishop of London; and Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester.
The Bishop of Winchester read the patent of creation while Anne knelt before the King who then invested her with the coronet, the robe of estate and the charters of creation and of the lands.
The marquessate was granted to Anne and her heirs male, but the patent did not include the usual provision that the said heirs male had to be of legitimate birth, thus enabling the title to pass to any illegitimate son Anne might have had.
Just as an ordinary class defines the behavior of certain objects, a metaclass defines the behavior of certain classes and their instances.
Metaclasses can be implemented by having classes be first-class citizen, in which case a metaclass is simply an object that constructs classes.
The source code of the codice_2 class, shown above, does not include such details as the size in bytes of codice_2 objects, their binary layout in memory, how they are allocated, that the codice_6 method is automatically called each time a codice_2 is created, and so on.
These details come into play not only when a new codice_2 object is created, but also each time any attribute of a codice_2 is accessed.
Additionally, Smalltalk is a class based system, which means that every object has a class that defines the structure of that object (i.e.
Together this implies that a class in Smalltalk is an object and that therefore a class needs to be an instance of a class (called metaclass).
In turn, the class codice_2 is again an object and as such an instance of the metaclass of codice_2 called codice_26.
When a message is sent to codice_33 the search for the method starts in codice_35 and proceeds up the superclass chain to codice_36.
This implied that the methods all classes have were the same, in particular the method to create new objects, i.e., codice_40.
To allow classes to have their own methods and their own instance variables (called class instance variables and should not be confused with class variables), Smalltalk-80 introduced for each class codice_41 their own metaclass codice_42.
Since there is no requirement that metaclasses behave differently from each other, all metaclasses are instances of only one class called codice_43.
Like Smalltalk, in Objective-C, class methods are simply methods called on the class object, hence a class's class methods must be defined as instance methods in its metaclass.
Classes and metaclasses are always created as a pair: the runtime has functions codice_85 and codice_86 to create and register class-metaclass pairs, respectively.
There are no names for the metaclasses; however, a pointer to any class object can be referred to with the generic type codice_38 (similar to the type codice_88 being used for a pointer to any object).
if class A's parent class is class B, then A's metaclass's parent class is B's metaclass), except that of the root class.
This ensures that all class objects are ultimately instances of the root class, so that you can use the instance methods of the root class, usually useful utility methods for objects, on class objects themselves.
Since metaclass objects do not behave differently (you cannot add class methods for a metaclass, so metaclass objects all have the same methods), they are all instances of the same class—the metaclass of the root class (unlike Smalltalk).
The reason for this is that all metaclasses inherit from root class; hence, they must inherit the class methods of the root class.
Władysław Raczkiewicz (; 28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and the first president of the Polish government-in-exile from 1939 until his death in 1947.
Until 1945 he was the internationally recognized Polish head of state, and the Polish Government in Exile was recognized as the continuum to the Polish government of 1939.
Władysław Raczkiewicz was born in Kutaisi, the second-largest city in Georgia, at that time part of the Russian Empire to Polish parents Józef Raczkiewicz, a court judge, and Ludwika Łukaszewicz.
Upon the outbreak of World War I he served in the Russian Imperial Army, but after the Russian Revolution he joined the vanguard for Polish independence.
Later he served under future Marshal and chief-of-state Józef Piłsudski, who created the Polish Legions that ultimately aided Poland in re-establishing its independence.
Raczkiewicz served as the Voivode of the Nowogródek Voivodeship from 1921 to 1924; government delegate to Wilno Voivodeship (1924–1925) and later as its voivode (1926–1931).
After the Brest elections he was appointed the Senate Marshal (1930–1935) and Voivode of Kraków Voivodeship in 1935, and Pomeranian Voivodeship from 1936 to 1939.
He lived in the nearby Château de Pignerolle from 2 December 1939 until moving on 10 June 1940 to London, where he joined General Władysław Sikorski and Stanisław Mikołajczyk in the relocated Polish government in exile.
The government under Raczkiewicz and Sikorski promoted a liberal-democratic agenda with equal rights for the Polish-Jewish minority - a view not shared by the majority of Polish society at the time, and a departure from pre-war antisemitic administrations.
Stalin claimed that only a strong, pro-Soviet government in Poland would be able to guarantee the security of the Soviet Union.
As a result of the conference, the Allies agreed to withdraw their recognition of the Polish Government in Exile, after the formation of a new government on Polish territory.
Tourism comprises an important sector of the New Zealand economy, directly contributing NZ$12.9 billion (or 5.6%) of the country's GDP in 2016, as well as supporting 188,000 full-time-equivalent jobs (nearly 7.5% of New Zealand's workforce).
The vast majority of international tourist arrivals to New Zealand come through Auckland Airport, which handled nearly fifteen million passengers .
Though some destinations have seasonal specialities (for winter sports, for example), New Zealand's southern-hemisphere location offers attractions for off-peak northern-hemisphere tourists chasing or avoiding certain seasons.
Domestic tourism is also important, though expenditure and trip numbers have declined or stagnated in the face of fast-growing international tourism.
Of the top 12 nationalities, all except China and India are entitled to visa waivers, while all except the UK, Germany and India have non-stop flights to New Zealand.
Since the start of a 2000 advertising campaign by Tourism New Zealand, there has been a 61% increase in the number of Britons coming to New Zealand.
Recent activities include a NZ$7 million campaign in China, concentrating on Shanghai, and cooperating to produce a New Zealand tourism layer for Google Earth, the first country to receive such a treatment.
Public concern over the environmental impacts of air travel may threaten tourism growth in New Zealand, as almost all tourists fly long distances to reach New Zealand.
However, Ministry of Tourism data predicts a four percent annual growth in tourist numbers in New Zealand, with 3.2 million tourists annually to be reached in 2014.
It is however unclear how New Zealand's carbon-neutral policy will affect future tourism – with some researchers arguing that the carbon emissions of tourism are much higher than generally considered, that their offsetting or mitigation will be very difficult, and that this poses a serious threat to the country's major source of foreign income.
Periodic campaigns are also directed at New Zealanders, urging them to travel within New Zealand instead of overseas, due to a perception by the tourism industry that too many New Zealanders are travelling to Australia or other countries instead of domestically.
Outside of trunk routes connecting main cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin, Queenstown), airfares can, due to a lack of competition, cost nearly as much as trips to Australia.
31 million day trips and 16.6 million overnight trips were made in the year ended December 2012, a decline of 4% and 6% respectively.
However, total spending stayed static, with a 2% decline in day trip spending (now at $3.7 billion) offset by a 1% increase in overnight spending (currently NZ$6.2 billion).
To support active travel, New Zealand has numerous walking and hiking paths (often created and maintained by the DOC), some of which, like the Milford Track, have huge international recognition.
Nicolae Rădescu (; 30 March 1874, in Călimănești – 16 May 1953, in New York City) was a Romanian army officer and political figure.
In 1942, during Ion Antonescu's dictatorship, Rădescu wrote an article critical of the German ambassador Manfred Freiherr von Killinger and his constant intrusion in the internal affairs of Romania.
On 23 August 1944, immediately after Antonescu's downfall, Rădescu was released from prison and appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Romanian Army.
At the end of February 1945, the Communist Party of Romania and its allies organised a mass rally in front of the Royal Palace to call for his resignation.
As the protest carried on, unknown persons opened fire from the Interior Ministry building situated across the street, killing some ten persons.
Andrey Vyshinsky (at the direction of Joseph Stalin) warned that the Soviet Union would not allow Northern Transylvania to be awarded back to Romania if Rădescu were to remain prime minister.
In 1945, pursued by the Communist authorities, Rădescu sought refuge in the British legation, stayed there for about two months, and was then handed over to Romanian authorities, who had guaranteed his safety but placed him under house arrest.
In June 1946, he managed to flee on board a plane to the British Crown colony of Cyprus, where he was detained by the authorities until the Paris Peace Treaties were signed.
Once in America, he and other exiled Romanian political figures, including Augustin Popa, Mihail Fărcășanu, Grigore Gafencu, and Constantin Vișoianu, came together to form a united anti-communist opposition in exile called the Romanian National Committee.
Following the wishes expressed in his testament, he was reburied in the Orthodox Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest on 23 November 2000.
On January 7, 1948, 25-year-old Captain Thomas F. Mantell, a Kentucky Air National Guard pilot, died in the crash of his P-51 Mustang fighter, after being sent in pursuit of an unidentified flying object (UFO).
Later investigation by the United States Air Force's Project Blue Book indicated that Mantell may have died chasing a Skyhook balloon, which in 1948 was a top-secret project that Mantell would not have known about.
Thomas Mantell was an experienced pilot; his flight history consisted of 2,167 hours flying time, and he had been honored for his part in the Battle of Normandy during World War II.
On 7 January 1948, Godman Army Airfield at Fort Knox, Kentucky, received a report from the Kentucky Highway Patrol of an unusual aerial object near Madisonville, Kentucky.
Four F-51D Mustangs of C Flight, 165th Fighter Squadron Kentucky Air National Guard—one piloted by Mantell—were already in the air and told to approach the object.
They later reported they saw an object, but described it as so small and indistinct that they could not identify it.
According to the Air Force, once Mantell passed he blacked out from the lack of oxygen (hypoxia), and his plane began spiraling back towards the ground.
However, no evidence has ever surfaced to substantiate any of these claims, and Air Force investigation specifically refuted some claims, such as the supposedly radioactive wreckage.
Contemplating a flood of queries from the press as soon as they heard about the crash, they realized that they had to get a quick answer.
Venus had been the target of a chase by an Air Force F-51 several weeks before and there were similarities between this sighting and the Mantell Incident.
In 1952 USAF Captain Edward Ruppelt, the supervisor of Project Blue Book, Project Sign's successor, was ordered to reinvestigate the Mantell Incident.
Ruppelt spoke with Dr. J. Allen Hynek, an astronomer at Ohio State University and scientific consultant to Project Sign and Project Blue Book.
Hynek had supplied Project Sign with the Venus explanation in 1948, mainly because Venus had been in the same place in the sky that Mantell's UFO was observed.
He was particularly interested in a suggestion by Dr. Hynek that Mantell could have misidentified a United States Navy Skyhook weather balloon.
However, others disputed this idea, noting that no particular Skyhook balloon could be conclusively identified as being in the area in question during Mantell's pursuit.
Despite this objection, Ruppelt thought the Skyhook explanation was plausible: the balloons were a secret Navy project at the time of Mantell's crash, were made of reflective aluminum, and were about in diameter, consistent with the description of the UFO as large, metallic, and cone-shaped.
Since the Skyhook balloons were secret at the time, neither Mantell nor the other observers in the air control tower would have been able to identify the UFO as a Skyhook.
Researchers have also noted that while Mantell was an experienced pilot, he was rather new to the P-51, and that this relative inexperience could have been a factor in the crash.
Captain Thomas Francis Mantell Jr. (30 June 1922 – 7 January 1948) was a United States Air Force officer and a World War II veteran.
Mantell was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for courageous action during the Operation Market Garden, and an Air Medal with three Oak leaf clusters for aerial achievement.
Mantell, then a lieutenant, was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for heroism while flying over Holland on 18 September 1944 during Operation Market Garden.
On 29 September 2001, the Simpson County Historical Society unveiled a historical marker in honor of Thomas Mantell in his hometown of Franklin.
Grand's project from 2001-2006 was the building of an artificial robot baby orang-utan, with the intention of having it learn as a human baby would.
There is currently a movement within the Islamic world to revive the Dirham as a unit of mass for measuring silver, although the exact value is disputed (either 3 grams or 2.975 grams).
It was this currency which was initially adopted as an Arab word; then near the end of the 7th century the coin became an Islamic currency bearing the name of the sovereign and a religious verse.
He was the descendant and namesake of Oliver St John, whose elder brother Sir John St John was the ancestor of the Barons St John of Bletso and the Earls of Bolingbroke.
Moreover, St John's nephew Sir John St John, 1st Baronet, of Lydiard Tregoze, was the ancestor of the Viscounts Bolingbroke and the Viscounts St John.
At the time of its creation in 1620, the Grandison viscountcy was given special remainder to the male issue of his niece Barbara Villiers.
She was the wife of Sir Edward Villiers, the elder half-brother of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey and John Villiers, 1st Viscount Purbeck.
In 1626 the 1st Viscount Grandison was also created Baron Tregoz in the Peerage of England, with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body.
He was succeeded in the viscountcy according to the special remainder by William Villiers, the eldest son of Barbara and Sir Edward Villiers.
William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (1614–1643) was a supporter of King Charles I and died of wounds received at the Battle of Bristol in 1643.
The second Viscount Grandison had had no sons and was succeeded in the viscountcy by his younger brother, the third Viscount.
However, he left no surviving male heirs and the earldom became extinct on his death, while he was succeeded in the Grandison viscountcy by his second cousin William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey, who became the sixth Viscount.
In 1746 Elizabeth Mason, daughter of John Villiers, 1st Earl Grandison, was created Viscountess Grandison, and in 1767 she was made Viscountess Villiers and Countess Grandison.
He ruled during the deadly Nigerian Civil War, which resulted in the death of 3 million people, most which were civilians.
His parents, Nde Yohanna and Matwok Kurnyang, left for Wusasa, Zaria as Church Missionary Society (CMS) missionaries in the early days of Gowon's life.
His father took pride in the fact that he married the same day as the future Queen Mother Elizabeth married the future King George VI.
At school Gowon proved to be a very good athlete: he was the school football goalkeeper, pole vaulter, and long distance runner.
Gowon joined the Nigerian Army in 1954, and received his commission as a second lieutenant on 19 October 1955, his 21st birthday.
He has trained in the prestigious Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, UK (1955–56), Staff College, Camberley, UK (1962) as well as the Joint Staff College, Latimer, 1965.
He saw action in the Congo (Zaire) as part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force, both in 1960–61 and in 1963.
In January 1966, he became Nigeria's youngest military chief of staff at the age of 31, because a military coup d'état by a group of junior officers under Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu led to the overthrow of Nigeria's civilian government.
In the course of this coup, mostly northern and western leaders were killed, including Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria's Prime Minister; Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto and Premier of the Northern Region; and Samuel Akintola, Premier of the Western Region, Lt Col Arthur Unegbe and so many more.
The then Lieutenant Colonel Gowon returned from his course at the Joint Staff College, Latimer UK two days before the coup – a late arrival that possibly exempted him from the coupist hit list.
Success in twentieth century world affairs since 1919 and the subsequent failure by Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi (who was the head of state following the January 1966 coup-with Gowon his Chief of Staff) to meet Northern demands for the prosecution of the coup plotters further inflamed Northern anger.
Then came Ironsi's Decree Number 34, which proposed the abolition of the federal system of government in favor of a unitary state, a position which had long been championed by some Southerners-especially by a major section of the Igbo-dominated NCNC.
This was perhaps wrongly interpreted by Northerners as a Southern (particularly Ibo) attempt at a takeover of all levers of power in the country.
The North lagged badly behind the Western and Eastern regions in terms of education (partially due to Islamic doctrine-informed resistance to western cultural and social ethos), while the mostly-Igbo Easterners were already present in the federal civil service.
The original intention of Murtala Mohammed and his fellow coup-plotters seems to have been to engineer the secession of the Northern region from Nigeria as a whole, but they were subsequently dissuaded of their plans by several advisors, amongst which included a number of high-ranking civil servants and judges, and importantly emissaries of the British and American governments who had interests in the Nigerian polity.
The young officers then decided to name Lieutenant Colonel Gowon, who apparently had not been actively involved in events until that point, as Nigerian Head of State.
Up until then, Gowon remained strictly a career soldier with no involvement whatsoever in politics, until the tumultuous events of the year suddenly thrust him into a leadership role, when his unusual background as a Northerner who was neither of Hausa nor Fulani ancestry nor of the Islamic faith made him a particularly safe choice to lead a nation whose population were seething with ethnic tension.
In anticipation of eastern secession, Gowon moved quickly to weaken the support base of the region by decreeing the creation of twelve new states to replace the four regions.
Gowon rightly calculated that the eastern minorities would not actively support the Igbos, given the prospect of having their own states if the secession effort were defeated.
Many of the federal troops who fought in the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, to bring the Eastern Region back to the federation, were members of minority groups.
The oil-price boom, which began as a result of the high price of crude oil (the country's major revenue earner) in the world market in 1973, increased the federal government's ability to undertake these tasks.
On 4–5 January 1967, in line with Ojukwu's demand to meet for talks only on neutral soil, a summit attended by Gowon, Ojukwu and other members of the Supreme Military Council was held at Aburi in Ghana, the stated purpose of which was to resolve all outstanding conflicts and establish Nigeria as a confederation of regions.
The Aburi Accord did not see the light of the day, as the Gowon led government had huge consideration for the possible revenues, especially oil revenues which were expected to increase given that reserves having been discovered in the area in the mid-1960s.
It has been said without confirmation that both Gowon and Ojukwu had knowledge of the huge oil reserves in the Niger Delta area, which today has grown to be the mainstay of the Nigerian economy.
In a move to check the influence of Ojukwu's government in the East, Gowon announced on 5 May 1967 the division of the 3 Nigerian regions into 12 states: North-Western State, North-Eastern state, Kano State, North-Central State, Benue-Plateau State, Kwara State, Western State, Lagos State, Mid-Western State, and, from Ojukwu's Eastern Region, a Rivers State, a South-Eastern State, and an East-Central State.
The non-Igbo South-Eastern and Rivers states which had the oil reserves and access to the sea, were carved out to isolate the Igbo areas as East-Central state.
One controversial aspect of this move was Gowon's annexing of Port Harcourt, a large city in the Niger Delta, in the South of Nigeria (the Ikwerres and Ijaws), sitting on some of Nigeria's largest reserves, into the new Rivers State, emasculating the migrant Igbo population of traders there.
Minority ethnicities of the Eastern Region were rather not sanguine about the prospect of secession, as it would mean living in what they felt would be an Igbo-dominated nation.
Some non-Igbos living in the Eastern Region either refrained from offering active support to the Biafran struggle, or actively aided the federal side by enlisting in the Nigerian army and feeding it intelligence about Biafran military activities.
Akpan serving as Secretary to the Government, Lt. Col (later Major-General) Philip Effiong, serving as Biafra's Chief of Defence Staff and others like Chiefs Bassey and Graham-Douglas serving in other significant roles.
On 30 May 1967, Ojukwu responded to Gowon's announcement by declaring the formal secession of the Eastern Region, which was now to be known as the Republic of Biafra.
This was to trigger a war that would last some 30 months, and see the deaths of more than 100,000 soldiers and over a million civilians, most of the latter of which would perish of starvation under a Nigeria-imposed blockade.
The war saw a massive expansion of the Nigerian army in size and a steep increase in its doctrinal and technical sophistication, while the Nigerian Air Force was essentially born in the course of the conflict.
However, significant controversy has surrounded the air operations of the Nigerian Forces, as several residents of Biafra, including Red Cross workers, foreign missionaries and journalists, accused the Nigerian Air Force of specifically targeting civilian populations, relief centers and marketplaces.
Gowon has steadfastly denied those claims, along with claims that his army committed atrocities such as rape, wholesale executions of civilian populations and extensive looting in occupied areas; however, one of his wartime commanders, Benjamin Adekunle seems to give some credence to these claims in his book, while excusing them as unfortunate by-products of war.
The end of the war came about on 13 January 1970, with Colonel Olusegun Obasanjo's acceptance of the surrender of Biafran forces.
In addition to this, Gen. Gowon's administration's policy of giving 20 pounds to Biafran who had a bank account in Nigeria before the war, regardless of how much money had been in their account, was criticised by foreign and local aid workers, as this led to an unprecedented scale of begging, looting and robbery in the former Biafran areas after the war.
The postwar years saw Nigeria enjoying a meteoric, oil-fueled, economic upturn in the course of which the scope of activity of the Nigerian federal government grew to an unprecedented degree, with increased earnings from oil revenues.
Unfortunately, however, this period also saw a rapid increase in corruption, mostly bribery, of and by federal government officials; and although the head of State himself, Gen. Gowon, was never found complicit in the corrupt practices, he was often accused of turning a blind eye to the activities of his staff and cronies.
Another decision made by Gowon at the height of the oil boom was to have what some considered negative repercussions for the Nigerian economy in later years, although its immediate effects were scarcely noticeable – his indigenization decree of 1972, which declared many sectors of the Nigerian economy off-limits to all foreign investment, while ruling out more than minority participation by foreigners in several other areas.
On 1 October 1974, in flagrant contradiction to his earlier promises, Gowon declared that Nigeria would not be ready for civilian rule by 1976, and he announced that the handover date would be postponed indefinitely.
Even worse, the poorly drafted cement contracts included demurrage clauses highly favorable to the suppliers, meaning that the bill began to skyrocket if the ships sat in port waiting to unload (or even if they sat in their home ports waiting for permission to depart for Nigeria).
The Nigerian government did not fully grasp the magnitude of its mistake until the port of Lagos was so badly jammed that basic supplies could not get through.
Its attempts to repudiate the cement contracts and impose an emergency embargo on all inbound shipping tied up the country in litigation around the world for many years, including a 1983 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court.
On 29 July 1975, while Gowon was attending an OAU summit in Kampala, a group of officers led by Colonel Joe Nanven Garba announced his overthrow.
Gowon subsequently went into exile in the United Kingdom, where he acquired a PhD in political science as a student at the University of Warwick.
His main British residence is on the border of north London and Hertfordshire, where he has very much become part of the English community in his area.
In February 1976, Gowon was implicated in the coup d'état led by Lt. Col Buka Suka Dimka, which resulted in the death of the now Gen Murtala Mohammed.
In addition, Dimka mentioned before his execution that the purpose of the Coup d'état was to re-install Gowon as Head of State.
Furthermore, Gen. Gowon is also involved in the Guinea Worm Eradication Programme as well as the HIV Programme with Global Fund of Geneva.
The organization is said to work on issues in Nigeria such as good governance as well as infectious disease control including HIV/AIDS, guinea worm, and malaria.
In November 2004, Gowon won World Peace Prize Top Honor (awarded by World Peace Prize Awarding Council) for maintaining national stability, promoting economic growth, and organizing a symbolic peace conference in the African region.
Gowon married Miss Victoria Zakari, a trained nurse in 1969 at a ceremony officiated by Seth Irunsewe Kale at the Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos.
Renegades is the fourth studio album by American rock band Rage Against the Machine (RATM), released on December 5, 2000 by Epic Records, almost two months after their first breakup.
The album shipped with four different versions of the cover: either red lettering with black and either blue or green background, or with the red and black switched.
The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (PIMS) is a research institute in the University of Toronto that is dedicated to advanced studies in the culture of the Middle Ages.
Étienne Gilson, then of the Sorbonne, was instrumental in its foundation, along with Henry Carr and Edmund J. McCorkell of the Congregation of St.
In 1939 it was granted a pontifical charter by Pope Pius XII, by which it was given the power to grant licenciate and doctorate degrees in medieval studies.
In 1964 the University of Toronto established the Centre for Medieval Studies as part of the School of Graduate Studies, for students pursuing a master's degree or doctorate in medieval studies.
Under the act, PIMS is administered by a board of governors with its academic affairs vested in the Institute Council of the academic staff, consisting of fellows and associate fellows.
In 1998 the institute became an exclusively postdoctoral research centre, and it accepts students who have recently completed their doctoral studies and wish to conduct specialized research in medieval studies.
PIMS offers a Licence in Mediaeval Studies (LMS) as a degree exclusively for students who have completed their postdoctoral studies there.
Unusually for a Pontifical licentiate, the degree is awarded after its bearer has already earned a doctorate, and not on the way to such.
The institute has its own library with over 150,000 volumes, one of the largest collections of medieval documentation in North America.
Materials are non-circulating, and use of the library is generally restricted to PIMS and Centre for Medieval Studies faculty, researchers, and graduate students, though visitor passes may be obtained by contacting the library itself.
A rogue planet (also termed an interstellar planet, nomad planet, free-floating planet, unbound planet, orphan planet, wandering planet, starless planet, or sunless planet) is a planetary-mass object that orbits a galactic center directly.
Such objects have been ejected from the planetary system in which they formed or have never been gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.
Some planetary-mass objects may have formed in a similar way to stars, and the International Astronomical Union has proposed that such objects be called sub-brown dwarfs.
A possible example is Cha 110913-773444, which might have been ejected and become a rogue planet, or otherwise formed on its own to become a sub-brown dwarf.
Astronomers have used the Herschel Space Observatory and the Very Large Telescope to observe a very young free-floating planetary-mass object, OTS 44, and demonstrate that the processes characterizing the canonical star-like mode of formation apply to isolated objects down to a few Jupiter masses.
Herschel far-infrared observations have shown that OTS 44 is surrounded by a disk of at least 10 Earth masses and thus could eventually form a mini planetary system.
Spectroscopic observations of OTS 44 with the SINFONI spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope have revealed that the disk is actively accreting matter, in a similar way to young stars.
Astrophysicist Takahiro Sumi of Osaka University in Japan and colleagues, who form the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment collaborations, published their study of microlensing in 2011.
They observed 50 million stars in the Milky Way using the 1.8-meter MOA-II telescope at New Zealand's Mount John Observatory and the 1.3-meter University of Warsaw telescope at Chile's Las Campanas Observatory.
They found 474 incidents of microlensing, ten of which were brief enough to be planets of around Jupiter's size with no associated star in the immediate vicinity.
The researchers estimated from their observations that there are nearly two Jupiter-mass rogue planets for every star in the Milky Way.
A 2017 study by Przemek Mróz of Warsaw University Observatory and colleagues, with six times larger statistics than the 2011 study, indicates an upper limit on Jupiter-mass free-floating or wide-orbit planets of 0.25 planets per main-sequence star in the Milky Way.
In 1998, David J. Stevenson theorized that some planet-sized objects adrift in interstellar space might sustain a thick atmosphere that would not freeze out.
An ejected body would receive less of the stellar-generated ultraviolet light that can strip away the lighter elements of its atmosphere.
In an Earth-sized object that has a kilobar atmospheric pressure of hydrogen and a convective gas adiabat, the geothermal energy from residual core radioisotope decay could maintain a surface temperature above the melting point of water, allowing liquid-water oceans to exist.
These bodies would be difficult to detect because of their weak thermal microwave radiation emissions, although reflected solar radiation and far-infrared thermal emissions may be detectable from an object that is less than 1000 astronomical units from Earth.
It is yet unknown whether these planets were ejected from orbiting a star or else formed on their own as sub-brown dwarfs.
He subsequently trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), where he worked with actors including Kenneth Cranham and Richard Wilson.
Roger Lloyd-Pack began his acting career at Northampton's Royal Theatre, which he revisited when he appeared in the tour of BlueOrange.
Lloyd-Pack was married twice: first to Sheila Ball, from whom he was divorced in 1972, and secondly to the poet and dramatist Jehane Markham (the daughter of David Markham), whom he married in 2000.
In that same interview, he listed his favourite directors as Peter Gill, Harold Pinter, Richard Eyre, Thea Sharrock, and Tina Packer, and also listed actor Paul Scofield as both a favourite and influence.
In January 2012, he and fellow actor Sarah Parish supported a campaign to raise £1million for The Bridge School in Islington.
The Alaska boundary dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom, which then controlled Canada's foreign relations.
The dispute existed between the Russian Empire and Britain since 1821, and was inherited by the United States as a consequence of the Alaska Purchase in 1867.
The final resolution favored the American position, as Canada did not get an all-Canadian outlet from the Yukon gold fields to the sea.
The disappointment and anger in Canada was directed less at the United States, and more at the British government for betraying Canadian interests in favor of healthier Anglo-American relations.
In 1825 Russia and Britain signed a treaty to define the borders of their respective colonial possessions, the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825.
This part of the treaty language was an agreement on general principles for establishing a boundary in the area in the future, rather than any exact demarcated line.
This lease was later brought up by the Province of British Columbia as bearing upon its own territorial interests in the region, but was ignored by Ottawa and London.
The Canadian government requested a survey of the boundary, but the United States rejected it as too costly; the border area was very remote and sparsely settled, and without economic or strategic interest.
In 1897–98 the Klondike Gold Rush in Yukon, Canada, enormously increased the population of the general area, which reached 30,000, composed largely of Americans.
The presence of gold and a large new population greatly increased the importance of the region and the desirability of fixing an exact boundary.
The head of Lynn Canal was the main gateway to the Yukon, and the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) sent a detachment to secure the location for Canada.
This was based on Canada's assertion that that location was more than ten marine leagues from the sea, which was part of the 1825 boundary definition.
They set up posts on the desolate summits of Chilkoot and White Passes, complete with a mounted Gatling gun at each post.
This was still disputed territory, as many Americans believed that the head of Lake Bennett, another north, should be the location of the border.
To back up the police in their sovereignty claim, the Canadian government also sent the Yukon Field Force, a 200-man Army unit, to the territory.
The soldiers set up camp at Fort Selkirk so that they could be fairly quickly dispatched to deal with problems at either the coastal passes or the 141st meridian west.
The posts set up on the passes by the NWMP were effective in the short term, as the provisional boundary was accepted, if grudgingly.
The maps of George Vancouver, which were used as a fixing line by the commission of 1825, showed a continuous line of mountains parallel to the coast — however, the mountain range is neither parallel to the coast nor continuous.
Finally, in 1903, the between the United States and Britain entrusted the decision to an arbitration by a mixed tribunal of six members: three Americans (Elihu Root, Secretary of War; Henry Cabot Lodge, senator from Massachusetts; and George Turner, ex-senator from Washington), two Canadians (Sir Louis A. Jette, Lieutenant Governor of Quebec; and Allen B. Aylesworth, K.C., from Toronto), and one Briton (Baron Alverstone).
Canadians ridiculed the choice of the obscure ex-Senator Turner and, especially, Lodge, a leading historian and diplomatic specialist whom they saw as unobjective.
The British member Lord Alverstone sided with the U.S. position on these basic issues, although the final agreed demarcation line fell significantly short of the maximal U.S. claim (it was a compromise falling roughly between the maximal U.S. and maximal Canadian claim).
This was one of several concessions that Britain offered to the United States (the others being on fisheries and the Panama Canal).
The Canadian judges refused to sign the award, issued on 20 October 1903, due to the Canadian delegates' disagreement with Lord Alverstone's vote.
Canadians protested the outcome, not so much the decision itself but that the Americans had chosen politicians instead of jurists for the tribunal, and that the British had helped their own interests by betraying Canada's.
This led to intense anti-British emotions erupting throughout Canada (including Quebec) as well as a surge in Canadian nationalism as separate from an imperial identity.
Canadian anger gradually subsided, but the feeling that Canada should control its own foreign policy may have contributed to the Statute of Westminster.
Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester (1577 – 18 December 1646) was an English aristocrat, who was a prominent and financially important Royalist during the early years of the English Civil War.
He was considered an outstandingly wealthy peer, with an income, by the contemporary estimate of Richard Symonds, of £24,000 per annum.
For his financial support of King Charles I at the outset of the First English Civil War, he was created 1st Marquess of Worcester, on 2 November 1642.
The next year, the Marquess was forced to surrender Raglan Castle to the forces of Sir Thomas Morgan, 1st Baronet, late in 1646, marking the effective end of the Civil War in Wales.
On 16 June 1600 he married Anne Russell, a daughter of John Russell, Baron Russell (eldest son and heir apparent of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford) by his wife Elizabeth Cooke.
Afterwards there was a feast and a masque, a 'strange dance newly invented' performed by eight women dressed in silver skirts and gold waistcoats led by Mary Fitton.
A splendid portrait of Anne Russell painted shortly after her marriage sold for 297,000 GBP at Sotheby's London on 2 May 2018.
With his wife, he had nine sons and four daughters including, Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester, his heir and successor, and Thomas Somerset, his second son, who became a Catholic priest in Rome before joining the Oratory of St Philip Neri in Perugia before Pope Clement IX sent him to England as his internuncio.
Another son was Sir John Somerset, of Pauntley, Gloucestershire, who married Mary Arundell, a daughter of the 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, co. Wiltshire by his second wife.
It was first released on 5 August 2002 in the United Kingdom by Columbia Records and on 26 November 2002 in the United States by Epic Records.
In light of the 11 September 2001 attacks, both the lyrics and title of the song were reworked, and the revised version appears on the album.
Located on the Curonian Spit between the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea, it is the westernmost point of Lithuania and the Baltic states, close to the border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast exclave.
Incorporated into the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773, it became part of the German Empire upon the German unification of 1871.
Painters from Königsberg such as Julius Freymuth and Eduard Bischoff visited the area, as did poets such as Ernst Wiechert and Carl Zuckmayer.
Officially renamed Nida, the village nevertheless remained a predominantly German settlement; the border with the remaining German (East Prussian) half of the spit lay only a few kilometers to the south.
Nida became nearly uninhabited, like all of the Curonian Spit, as a result of the Red Army advance and the Evacuation of East Prussia at the end of World War II, and the eventual expulsion of surviving German inhabitants.
The town was reassigned to Lithuania under border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference, and became part of the Lithuanian SSR within the Soviet Union; since 1990 it has been part of independent Lithuania.
Later in Soviet times Nida, together with three other villages of the Neringa Municipality (Juodkrantė, Preila and Pervalka), was a controlled-entry holiday region reserved for the Communist party officialdom (nomenklatura) and senior industry elite.
Since independence, the area has been open to all, but the number of visitors is kept relatively low by the small number of hotel rooms (new developments usually are permitted only on old buildings' foundations) and comparatively high rents.
In the Soviet era it hosted a library open in summer only, with residential quarters of the visiting librarian posted from Klaipėda upstairs and public areas downstairs.
In 1995/96 the house was restored according to the original architectural design and reopenend as a cultural center dedicated to the writer, with a memorial exhibition and an annual festival.
The town is an upmarket holiday resort, hosting about 200,000 to 300,000 tourists each summer, mostly Lithuanians, Germans, Latvians, and Russians.
However, during recent years it has become a decent point of interest for fine electronica music and modern art shows at an eclectic forest retreat.
The flags, replicas of which can be seen around Nida, feature animal and human figures as pictograms reminiscent of a pagan writing tradition.
The only road which runs along the whole length of the Curonian Spit, connecting Zelenogradsk and Smiltynė (where a ferry connection to Klaipėda exists), passes through the edge of Nida.
An hourly bus runs between Nida and Smiltynė ferry terminal on that road, and intercity buses to various cities like Kaliningrad, Klaipėda, Kaunas and Vilnius exist.
Dirty Hits is a greatest hits album by Scottish rock band Primal Scream, released on 3 November 2003 by Columbia Records.
The Jugurthine War (112–106 BC) was an armed conflict between the Roman Republic and king Jugurtha of Numidia, a kingdom on the north African coast approximating to modern Algeria.
Jugurtha was the nephew and adopted son of Micipsa, King of Numidia, whom he succeeded on the throne, overcoming his rivals through assassination, war, and bribery.
The war constituted an important phase in the Roman subjugation of Northern Africa, but Numidia did not become a Roman province until 46 BC.
Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene.
Numidia was a kingdom located in North Africa (roughly corresponding to northern modern day Algeria) adjacent to what had been Rome's arch enemy, Carthage.
King Masinissa, who was a steadfast ally of Rome in the Third Punic War, died in 149, and was succeeded by his son Micipsa, who ruled 149-118 BC.
At the time of his death Micipsa had three potential heirs, his two sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal I, and an illegitimate nephew, Jugurtha.
Jugurtha had fought under Scipio Aemilianus at the siege of Numantia, where, through friendship with Roman aristocrats, he had formed an acquaintance with Roman manners and military tactics.
Micipsa, worried that at his death Jugurtha would usurp the kingdom from his own somewhat less able sons, adopted him, and bequeathed the kingship jointly to his two sons and Jugurtha.
Although the Senate were securities for Micipsa's will, they now allowed themselves to be bribed by Jugurtha into overlooking his crimes, and organized a commission, led by the ex-Consul Lucius Opimius, to fairly divide Numidia between the remaining contestants (116 BC).
However, Jugurtha bribed the Roman officials in the commission into allotting him the better, more fertile and populous western half of Numidia, while Adherbal received the east.
Shortly after, in 113 BC, Jugurtha again declared war on his brother, and defeated him, forcing him to retreat into Cirta, Adherbal's capital.
Adherbal held out for some months, aided by a large number of Roman Equites who had settled in Africa for commercial purposes.
The latter ignored the demand, and the Senate sent a second commission, this time headed by Marcus Scaurus, a respected member of the aristocracy, to threaten the Numidian king into submission.
The king, pretending to be open to discussion, protracted negotiations with Scaurus long enough for Cirta to run out of provisions and hope of relief.
But the deaths of Roman citizens caused an immediate furore among the commoners at home, and the Senate, threatened by the popular tribune Gaius Memmius, finally declared war on Jugurtha in 111 BC., though with reluctance.
Lucius Calpurnius Bestia, consul for the year, was appointed to command the Roman army in Africa against Jugurtha; he was accompanied by Scaurus and other experienced officers and received an offer of alliance from Bocchus, king of Mauretania.
Whereupon the Roman senators, no longer looking on him as a threat, allowed themselves to be bribed into granting him a treaty on extremely lenient terms; Numidia was restored to Jugurtha intact, and a small fine and the remittal of his war-elephants (which he later bought back at reduced price from corrupt officers), was the only price he was forced to pay for his crimes.
In fact, so favourable were Jugurtha's terms of surrender that it led to a renewal of the popular outcry at Rome; at the demand of the Tribune Memmius, an investigation was launched into the proceedings of the treaty.
Jugurtha was summoned to Rome – with the promise of a safe-conduct – and appeared as a witness; but, rather than complying with the inquisition, bribed two Roman Tribunes to veto the proceedings and prevent him from testifying.
In the ensuing outrage, Jugurtha's cousin Massiva, who had fled to Rome in fear of his cousin, seized the opportunity to press his own claim to the Numidian throne.
Jugurtha assassinated him, and the Senate, though initially inclined to accept bribery again to allow him to escape retribution, was ultimately compelled by his insolence and by the fury of the mob to expel him from the city and revoke the recent peace.
The consul Spurius Postumius Albinus took command of the Roman army in Africa (110 BC), but failed to carry out energetic action, due to incompetence, indiscipline in his army, and – it was alleged – bribery by Jugurtha.
The latter, more active though no more able than his brother, decided on a bold stroke, marching in mid-winter to besiege the town of Suthul, where the Numidian treasury was kept; however, the town was strongly garrisoned and excellently fortified and could not be captured.
Postumius, anxious not to have retreated without striking the enemy a blow, allowed Jugurtha to lure him into the desolate wilds of the Sahara, where the cunning Numidian king, who had reportedly bribed Roman officers to facilitate his attack, was able to catch the Romans at a disadvantage.
Half the Roman army were killed, and the survivors were forced to pass under the yoke in a disgraceful symbolism of surrender.
After Postumius' defeat, the Senate finally shook itself from its lethargy, appointing as commander in Africa the plebeian noble Quintus Metellus, who had a reputation for integrity and courage.
Metellus proved the soundness of his judgement by selecting as officers for the campaign men of ability rather than of rank, as the former tribune Gaius Marius (a plebeian from Arpinum) and the noted disciplinarian and military theorist Publius Rutilius Rufus.
Metellus arrived in Africa as consul in 109 BC and dedicated the remainder of the year to a serious disciplinary reform of his demoralised forces.
In spring of 108, Metellus led his reorganised army into Numidia; Jugurtha was alarmed and attempted negotiation, but Metellus prevaricated; and, without granting Jugurtha terms, he conspired with Jugurtha's envoys to capture Jugurtha and deliver him to the Romans.
The crafty Jugurtha, guessing Metellus' intentions, broke up negotiation and retreated, withdrew south beyond the Numidian mountains and took up position on the plains behind.
Jugurtha had divided his army into two detachments, one of which (composed of cavalry and the best of his infantry) lay south of the mountain on the right flank of the Romans, who were marching to the river Muthul, which lay parallel to the mountains, 18 miles to the south; the second lay further south, closer to the river (formed of war-elephants and the rest of the infantry).
Metellus handled the situation by sending one force directly south to the river under Rufus while the rest under Metellus and Marius marched obliquely south-west to dislodge Jugurtha from his position and prevent him from hindering the march of the first body to the river.
Jugurtha, however, displaying excellent generalship, dispatched a column of infantry to hold the mountain passes as soon as the Romans had descended into the plain, thus cutting off their line of retreat; while his cavalry harried Metellus' detachment of infantry in swarms along the plain – to which the Romans were unable to properly respond, since they had no cavalry themselves.
Meanwhile, Rufus had advanced to the river but was attacked by Jugurtha's southern force; thus, the two Roman armies were incapable of coming to each other's relief.
However, although Metellus' army was now entrapped in the desert with fewer troops and inferior generalship, the Romans still prevailed simultaneously on both fronts.
Rufus overpowered the southern detachment by a forward charge, sending the elephants and infantry of the enemy flying over the desert; while Metellus and Marius, rallying a group of legionaries, charged to occupy the single hill on the plain, which commanded the situation.
The inferior Numidian soldiers of Jugurtha were powerless before the advance of Roman infantry and scattered into the desert with severe losses.
Although Jugurtha offered heavy concessions, they were ultimately unsuccessful because Metellus believed the war could only end with the capture of Jugurtha, who refused to become a prisoner.
To resist the Romans more effectually, Jugurtha dismissed most of his low-quality recruits, keeping only the most active troops of infantry and light cavalry, in order to maintain the war by guerrilla tactics.
Though another engagement took place in which Jugurtha was defeated, the latter was able to retreat, falling back with his family and treasure boxes to the desert fortress of Thala, which was inaccessible except by an excruciating march of three days through the desert without water.
At this point Jugurtha retired to the court of his father-in-law, king Bocchus I of Mauretania, who though previously professing friendship for the Romans, now received Jugurtha hospitably, and, without positively declaring war (on Rome), advanced with his troops into Numidia as far as Cirta, the capital.
Metellus, who had taken up winter quarters in the area after the conclusion of the campaign, began negotiation with Bocchus to hand over Jugurtha.
But before an agreement could be reached, Metellus was deposed from his command by the Roman Tribal Assembly and replaced by his lieutenant, Gaius Marius.
Metellus looked unfavourably on Marius's known ambitions in Roman politics and refused for days to allow him to sail to Rome and stand for the consulship.
Metellus was furious at all these developments and decided to make Marius's command a lot more difficult by refusing his legions to serve under Marius.
He [Metellus] sent them back to Italy to join the army of the other consul, Lucius Cassius Longinus, who was about to march north to confront a Germanic invasion of Gaul.
Seeking to use them, and with precedent for waiving the property requirements during the existential crisis that was the Second Punic War, Marius was exempted from the requirements.
His strategy was similar to Metellus', and yielded no better results; he continued the occupation of Numidian towns and he fortified several strategic positions.
At the end of 107 BC Marius made a dangerous desert march to Capsa in the far south where, after the town surrendered, he put all the survivors to the sword.
Next he advanced far to the west, capturing a fortress near the river Molochath where Jugurtha had moved a large part of his treasure.
By marching so far to the west Marius had brought the Roman army very near to the dominions of king Bocchus finally provoking the Mauretanian into direct war; and, in the deserts just west of Serif, Marius was taken by surprise by a massive army of Numidians and Mauretanians under command of the two enemy kings.
The attack was pressed by Gaetulian and Mauretanian cavalries and for a time Marius and his main force found themselves besieged on a hill, while Marius's quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla and his men were on the defensive on another hill nearby.
However, the Romans managed to hold off the enemy until evening and the Africans retired confident of finishing the job the next morning.
The African kings harried the march east with light cavalry, but were beaten back by Sulla whom Marius had put in command of the rearguard and the cavalry.
The combined African army then tried to finish off Marius, but when Sulla returned from his pursuit the Romans routed both Jugurtha’s and Bocchus’s army.
Marius's army thus finished the year's campaigns in safety at Cirta, but it was by now evident that Rome could not defeat Jugurtha's guerrilla tactics through war.
Over the winter, therefore, Marius resumed negotiations with Bocchus, who, though he had joined in the fighting, had not yet declared war.
Ultimately, Marius reached a deal with Bocchus whereby Sulla, who was friendly with members of Bocchus's court, would enter Bocchus's camp to receive Jugurtha as a hostage.
In spite of the possibility of treachery on the Mauritanian's part, Sulla agreed; Jugurtha's remaining followers were treacherously massacred, and he himself handed over in chains to Sulla by Bocchus.
Jugurtha was thrown into an underground prison (the Tullianum) in Rome, and ultimately died after gracing Marius's triumph in 104 BC.
The fact that a man such as Jugurtha could rise to power by buying Roman military and civil officials reflected Rome's moral and ethical decline.
These events were also observed by Marius's quaestor, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who later came to rival Marius in the first of the great civil wars of the Late Republic.
The beginning of this rivalry, according to Plutarch, was purportedly Sulla's crucial role in the negotiations for and eventual capture of Jugurtha, which led to Sulla wearing a ring portraying the capture despite Marius being awarded the victory for it.
Post World War II, he was tried, found guilty and executed for his crimes, specifically the torture and murder of members of the Norwegian resistance movement.
In 1934, he obtained his law degree and by 1936 was a member of the Gestapo, when Reinhard Heydrich appointed him over a unit to control the religious sects of Germany.
In 1938, he took part in the German march into the Sudetenland, and in 1939, in the annexation of Bohemia and Moravia.
Between 20 and 23 October 1939 the 14 Einsatzkommando that he commanded executed 275 Poles in the Greater Poland region near Poznan who were named as Polish patriots by Wolfgang Bickerich, the Lutheran pastor in Leszno, who had kept a list before the German invasion of Poland in 1939.
It was made up by the combined forces of the Gestapo (secret state police) and the Kripo (criminal police) between 1936 and 1939.
He was caught and sent back with a police escort on the train and during which he made an unsuccessful attempt to escape.
Flesch was known for being a notorious torturer, and ordered the execution of many members of the Norwegian resistance movement without any trial.
The court found that in all but two instances these charges to be proven, and he was found guilty and sentenced to death by execution by firing squad.
Flesch appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway on procedural grounds and that the sentence was too harsh; however on 12 February 1948 his appeal was rejected.
The , also known as the Dragon's Triangle and the Pacific Bermuda Triangle, is a region of the Pacific, south of Tokyo.
Yomiuri Shimbun showed a map of the sea with points of several other ships that had been lost in recent years, and stated that those ships were lost within the area that the Yokohama Coast Guard Office had classified as a special danger area.
Kusche sent letters to government offices which were related to the sea, but nobody knew about the Devil's Sea or such a danger area.
The actual danger zone where the Maritime Safety Agency of Japan warned not to approach was only 10 miles to Myōjin-shō.
In 1995, Kusche's research claimed that Berlitz's military vessels were actually fishing vessels, and some of those listed by Berlitz sank outside the area defined by the Dragon's Triangle.
Kusche also wrote that the Japanese research vessel carried not 100 personnel, but only 31 and that an undersea volcano destroyed it on September 24, 1952.
With such a dramatic history, one would expect there to be all sorts of information on the subject, especially in Japan.
One of these explanations is the vast field of methane hydrates present on the bottom of the ocean in the Dragon's Triangle area.
Methane hydrate gases are described as icelike deposits that break off from the bottom and rise, forming bubbles on the surface of the water.
It is quite characteristic for small islands in the Dragon's Triangle to frequently disappear and new islands appear due to both volcanoes and seismic activity.
Because the location of the Dragon's Triangle is not plotted on any official world map, the size and perimeter vary from one author to another author.
Applications include distributional clustering and dimension reduction, and more recently it has been suggested as a theoretical foundation for deep learning.
It does so by relaxing the sufficiency condition to capture some fraction of the mutual information with the relevant variable Y.
The information bottleneck can also be viewed as a rate distortion problem, with a distortion function that measures how well Y is predicted from a compressed representation T compared to its direct prediction from X.
This interpretation provides a general iterative algorithm for solving the information bottleneck trade-off and calculating the information curve from the distribution p(X,Y).
where formula_4 and formula_5 are the mutual information of formula_6 and formula_1, and of formula_1 and formula_9, respectively, and formula_10 is a Lagrange multiplier.
Consider formula_11 and formula_12 respectively as the input and output layers of a DNN, and let formula_13 be any hidden layer of the network.
In this case, formula_14 and formula_17 respectively quantify the amount of information that the hidden layer contains about the input and the output.
They conjectured that the training process of a DNN consists of two separate phases; 1) an initial fitting phase in which formula_15 increases, and 2) a subsequent compression phase in which formula_14 decreases.
in countered the claim of Shwartz-Ziv and Tishby, stating that this compression phenomenon in DNNs is not comprehensive, and it depends on the particular activation function.
Shwartz-Ziv and Tishby disputed these claims, arguing that Saxe et al had not observed compression due to weak estimates of the mutual information.
Recently, Noshad et al used a rate-optimal estimator of mutual information to explore this controversy, observing that the optimal hash-based estimator reveals the compression phenomenon in a wider range of networks with ReLu and maxpooling activations.
Assume formula_20 are jointly multivariate zero mean normal vectors with covariances formula_21 and formula_22 is a compressed version of formula_23 that must maintain a given value of mutual information with formula_24.
It can be shown that the optimum formula_22 is a normal vector consisting of linear combinations of the elements of formula_26 where matrix formula_27 has orthogonal rows.
Optimal temporal structures in linear dynamic systems can be revealed in the so-called past-future information bottleneck, an application of the bottleneck method to non-Gaussian sampled data.
The concept, as treated by Creutzig, Tishby et al., is not without complication as two independent phases make up in the exercise: firstly estimation of the unknown parent probability densities from which the data samples are drawn and secondly the use of these densities within the information theoretic framework of the bottleneck.
Since the bottleneck method is framed in probabilistic rather than statistical terms, the underlying probability density at the sample points formula_38must be estimated.
In the present method, joint sample probabilities are found by use of a Markov transition matrix method and this has some mathematical synergy with the bottleneck method itself.
Treating samples as states, and a normalised version of formula_43 as a Markov state transition probability matrix, the vector of probabilities of the ‘states’ after formula_44 steps, conditioned on the initial state formula_45, is formula_46.
The equilibrium probability vector formula_47 given, in the usual way, by the dominant eigenvector of matrix formula_43 which is independent of the initialising vector formula_45.
This Markov transition method establishes a probability at the sample points which is claimed to be proportional to the probabilities' densities there.
In the following soft clustering example, the reference vector formula_51 contains sample categories and the joint probability formula_52 is assumed known.
presented the following iterative set of equations to determine the clusters which are ultimately a generalization of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm, developed in rate distortion theory.
The application of this type of algorithm in neural networks appears to originate in entropy arguments arising in the application of Gibbs Distributions in deterministic annealing.
The Kullback–Leibler divergence formula_57 between the formula_51 vectors generated by the sample data formula_59 and those generated by its reduced information proxy formula_60 is applied to assess the fidelity of the compressed vector with respect to the reference (or categorical) data formula_51 in accordance with the fundamental bottleneck equation.
The weighting by the negative exponent of the distance means that prior cluster probabilities are downweighted in line 1 when the Kullback–Leibler divergence is large, thus successful clusters grow in probability while unsuccessful ones decay.
To categorize a new sample formula_75 external to the training set formula_76, the previous distance metric finds the transition probabilities between formula_75 and all samples in formula_78, formula_79 with formula_80 a normalization.
Parameter formula_83 must be kept under close supervision since, as it is increased from zero, increasing numbers of features, in the category probability space, snap into focus at certain critical thresholds.
The following case examines clustering in a four quadrant multiplier with random inputs formula_84 and two categories of output, formula_85, generated by formula_86.
The number of clusters used beyond the number of categories, two in this case, has little effect on performance and the results are shown for two clusters using parameters formula_88.
The summation in line 2 incorporates only two values representing the training values of +1 or −1, but nevertheless works well.
Theoretically the contour should align with the formula_95 and formula_96 coordinates but for such small sample numbers they have instead followed the spurious clusterings of the sample points.
The internal nodes are represented by the clusters formula_97 and the first and second layers of network weights are the conditional probabilities formula_98 and formula_99 respectively.
However, unlike a standard neural network, the algorithm relies entirely on probabilities as inputs rather than the sample values themselves, while internal and output values are all conditional probability density distributions.
The Blahut-Arimoto three-line algorithm converges rapidly, often in tens of iterations, and by varying formula_83, formula_102 and formula_39 and the cardinality of the clusters, various levels of focus on features can be achieved.
Here information is maximized about one target variable and minimized about another, learning a representation that is informative about selected aspects of data.
The surface is geologically heterogeneous and is intersected by a system of grooves and scarps, which are thought to be fractures.
There have been two reported stellar occultations by Lutetia, observed from Malta in 1997 and Australia in 2003, with only one chord each, roughly agreeing with IRAS measurements.
The flyby provided images of up to 60 meters per pixel resolution and covered about 50% of the surface, mostly in the northern hemisphere.
Lutetia was also observed by the visible–near-infrared imaging spectrometer VIRTIS, and measurements of the magnetic field and plasma environment were taken as well.
While classified among the M-type asteroids, most of which are metallic, Lutetia is one of the anomalous members that do not display much evidence of metal on their surface.
Indeed, there were various indications of a non-metallic surface: a flat, low frequency spectrum similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites and C-type asteroids and not at all like that of metallic meteorites, a low radar albedo unlike the high albedos of strongly metallic asteroids like 16 Psyche, evidence of hydrated materials on its surface, abundant silicates, and a thicker regolith than most asteroids.
Together with the high density of Lutetia these results indicate that it is either made of the enstatite chondrite material or may be related to metal-rich and water-poor carbonaceous chondrite of classes like CB, CH, or CR.
It is estimated to be 3 km thick and may be responsible for the softened outlines of many of the larger craters.
This gives an axial tilt of 96° (retrograde rotator), meaning that the axis of rotation is approximately parallel to the ecliptic, similar to the planet Uranus.
The surface of Lutetia is covered by numerous impact craters and intersected by fractures, scarps and grooves thought to be surface manifestations of internal fractures.
On the imaged hemisphere of the asteroid there are a total of 350 craters with diameters ranging from 600 m to 55 km.
The Baetica region is situated around the north pole (in the center of the image) and includes a cluster of impact craters 21 km in diameter as well as their impact deposits.
The numerical simulations showed that even the impact that produced the largest crater on Lutetia, which is 45 km in diameter, seriously fractured but did not shatter the asteroid.
The existence of linear fractures and the impact crater morphology also indicate that the interior of this asteroid has a considerable strength and is not a rubble pile like many smaller asteroids.
In March, 2011, the Working Group for Planetary Nomenclature at the International Astronomical Union agreed on a naming scheme for geographical features on Lutetia.
Since Lutetia was a Roman city, the asteroid's craters are named after cities of the Roman Empire and the adjacent parts of Europe during the time of Lutetia's existence.
Its regions are named after the discoverer of Lutetia (Goldschmidt) and after provinces of the Roman Empire at the time of Lutetia.
Other features are named after rivers of the Roman Empire and the adjacent parts of Europe at the time of the city.
The composition of Lutetia suggests that it formed in the inner Solar System, among the terrestrial planets, and was ejected into the asteroid belt through an interaction with one of them.
The Sous Almohad governor called upon them for help against a rebellion in the Sous, and they resettled in and around that region.
The Beni Hassan and other warrior Arab tribes dominated the Sanhaja Berber tribes of the area after the Char Bouba war of the 17th century.
The Bani Hassan dialect of Arabic became used in the region and is still spoken, in the form of Hassaniya Arabic.
Following the end of his playing career he has also been the manager of India, Nepal, Doncaster Rovers, Wimbledon, Luton Town, Nottingham Forest and Newcastle United.
His talent as a defender was recognised and in 1963, aged 17, he moved to Tottenham Hotspur as an amateur footballer.
Learning his footballing skills under the managership of Bill Nicholson, Kinnear made his Tottenham debut on 8 April 1966 in a 4-1 home defeat by West Ham United.
He spent ten years with Tottenham, playing in the 1967 FA Cup final as right back against Chelsea, a game Tottenham won 2–1.
He won four major honours during his time at the club: the FA Cup in 1967; the UEFA Cup in 1972 and the Football League Cup on two occasions (in 1971 and 1973).
After his retirement from football in 1977, Kinnear spent five years in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates managing Sharjah and Al-Shabab (alongside Dave Mackay), also spending time coaching in Malaysia.
He spent three months coaching India and one year coaching Nepal, later returning to England to assist Mackay at Doncaster Rovers.
Kinnear briefly took charge of Doncaster after Mackay's departure in 1989 but was replaced by Billy Bremner after a consortium completed their takeover of the club.
Kinnear was appointed reserve team manager of Wimbledon later that year before being appointed manager at the club following Peter Withe's dismissal in January 1992.
He was voted Premier League Manager of the Month three times during that season as his unfancied Wimbledon side finished above more established teams including Liverpool, Aston Villa, Everton and Tottenham Hotspur.
The achievements are made even more respectable considering the Dons had no home of their own and had a small transfer budget.
It was reported that Kinnear turned down the chance to replace Jack Charlton as manager of the Republic of Ireland national team in 1996.
Kinnear then guided Wimbledon to semi-finals in both of the major domestic cup competitions in 1997 as well as finishing 8th in the Premier League.
However, when Wimbledon were taken over by new Norwegian owners after the end of that season, it was widely reported that Kinnear would be axed as manager in favour of Norwegian coach Age Hareide, but the change of management never happened and Kinnear remained at the Wimbledon helm for a further two seasons.
Kinnear continued in his role as Wimbledon until he suffered a heart attack before a league game against Sheffield Wednesday in March 1999.
Just a few weeks later he was handed a similar role at Luton Town, who were battling against relegation from what was then the Second Division, as were Oxford.
In the summer of 2001, Kinnear released the majority of the relegated squad, and brought in a number of his own men over the course of the season, including future captains Kevin Nicholls and Chris Coyne, along with winger Jean-Louis Valois.
The team stormed to promotion under Kinnear's guidance, finishing runners-up to Plymouth Argyle in the Hatters' first promotion in 20 years.
The next season was disappointing for the Hatters, as they were expected to compete for promotion, but in the end they only managed a 9th-place finish.
and Kinnear and his assistant Mick Harford were then sacked, in mysterious circumstances which involved an employee of Northampton Town being the person who signed the letters which dismissed both Kinnear and Harford.
Forest were in the bottom third of the league table when he took over, but he would have an immediate impact on the club.
but would go badly for Forest and Kinnear, with just four wins from the first 23 games in the league that year.
A 3–0 defeat by rivals Derby County at Pride Park, signalled the end for Kinnear, with his resignation coming on 16 December 2004.
Nottingham Forest were 22nd in the Football League Championship table following Kinnear's departure, the club appointed Mick Harford to take over as interim manager.
Forest would ultimately be relegated at the end of the season, after Gary Megson had been appointed as the full-time replacement to Kinnear.
Kinnear was without a club following his departure from Nottingham Forest for almost four years and had not been involved in the top flight since 1999, there were rumours about joining several clubs during this time including QPR.
On 26 September 2008, Kinnear was named as the interim manager of Premier League side Newcastle United until the end of October, following the resignation of Kevin Keegan.
This initial one-month period was extended for an additional month, keeping Kinnear at St James' Park until the end of December.
The club's press officer tried to order the assembled journalists not to publish any extracts from the tirade, but Kinnear himself gave the journalists permission to write up whatever they wanted from his remarks.
Later in the interview, he announced that he would no longer deal with the national media while he was Newcastle manager, and that he would only speak to local newspapers from then on, with first team coach Chris Hughton handling all other interviews.
Newcastle won the match 2–1, with the first goal coming from Joey Barton, who was making his first starting appearance for Newcastle since being released from prison during the summer.
He then followed this up with a surprise win against fifth-placed Aston Villa to lift Newcastle off the foot of the table and out of the relegation zone.
This turned out to be untrue, as Kinnear was confirmed as being in charge for another month after Newcastle's 0–0 draw with Chelsea.
Kinnear continued his event-filled season in charge by getting sent off on 6 December after a confrontation with referee Mike Riley during a 2–2 draw with Stoke City, having been up by two goals for most of the match.
After that disappointing draw with Stoke, they followed with wins against Portsmouth and Tottenham Hotspur, which was Newcastle's fifth consecutive league victory against the North London team.
Following a 5–1 defeat by Liverpool on 28 December, Kinnear re-affirmed his belief that the Newcastle squad lacked strength in depth – with the manager having fielded a makeshift side due to injuries and suspensions resulting from the 2–1 Boxing Day defeat by Wigan Athletic – and stated that he was looking to improve the side with transfers in the January window.
It was later announced Kinnear would require a heart bypass operation and that Alan Shearer would take over the managerial role for the remainder of the season.
On 14 August on the 3 Legends radio show, it was announced that Kinnear would be re-appointed as the club's manager the following Monday, this after Kinnear had himself declared that Mike Ashley had approached him to return but that he was unable to do so immediately because of his medical condition.
However, with Mike Ashley taking the club off the market and Chris Hughton securing an excellent start to the season for Newcastle, Kinnear did not return to St James' Park.
On 16 June 2013, in a series of telephone interviews Kinnear claimed he had been appointed as director of football for Newcastle United.
The confusion around Kinnear's appointment to the role was criticised by former club chairman Freddy Shepherd in an interview with BBC Sport.
Kinnear drew criticism when the 2013 summer transfer window closed with Kinnear failing to make a single permanent signing, lone recruit Loïc Rémy having been signed on loan from Queens Park Rangers.
This criticism intensified at the end of the 2014 winter transfer window with Kinnear failing again to make a permanent signing, this after the £20 million sale of midfielder Yohan Cabaye, with Luuk de Jong having been brought in on loan from Borussia Mönchengladbach.
James Hoban (1755 – December 8, 1831) was an Irish architect, best known for designing the White House in Washington, D.C.
He worked there as a wheelwright and carpenter until his early twenties, when he was given an 'advanced student' place in the Dublin Society's Drawing School on Lower Grafton Street.
Following the American Revolutionary War, Hoban emigrated to the United States, and established himself as an architect in Philadelphia in 1785.
Hoban was in South Carolina by April 1787, where he designed numerous buildings including the Charleston County Courthouse (1790–92), built on the ruins of the former South Carolina Statehouse (1753, burned 1788).
President George Washington admired Hoban's work on his Southern Tour, Washington may have met with him in Charleston in May 1791, and summoned the architect to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (the temporary national capital) in June 1792.
Under Washington's influence, Hoban amended this to a 2-story facade, 11 bays across, and, at Washington's insistence, the whole presidential mansion was faced with stone.
It is known that Hoban owned at least three slaves who were employed as carpenters in the construction of the White House.
Hoban was also one of the supervising architects who served on the Capitol, carrying out the design of Dr. William Thornton, as well as with The Octagon House.
Hoban lived the rest of his life in Washington, D.C., where he worked on other public buildings and government projects, including roads and bridges.
After the District of Columbia was granted limited home rule in 1802, Hoban served on the twelve-member city council for most of the remainder of his life, except during the years he was rebuilding the White House.
Hoban was also involved in the development of Catholic institutions in the city, including Georgetown University (where his son was a member of the Jesuit community), St. Patrick's Parish, and the Georgetown Visitation Monastery founded by another Kilkenny native, Teresa Lalor of Ballyragget.
He was originally buried at Holmead's Burying Ground, but was disinterred and reburied at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington, D.C. His son James Hoban, Jr., said to be the spitting image of his father, served as district attorney of the District of Columbia.
In 2008, a memorial arbor to honor James Hoban was completed near his birthplace, and a major exhibition on his life took place at the White House Visitor Center.
Dublin Made Him..., a one-day colloquium in honour of Hoban, took place on October 3, 2008, at the (RDS) in Dublin, Ireland.
It was presented by the RDS in association with the White House Historical Association, the U.S. Embassy in Ireland, and the James Hoban Societies of the U.S. and Ireland.
It was spoken by the Beni Ḥassān Bedouin tribes, who extended their authority over most of Mauritania and Morocco's southeastern and Western Sahara between the 15th and 17th centuries.
As in other Bedouin dialects, Classical /q/ corresponds mostly to dialectal , and have merged into and the interdentals and have been preserved.
Somewhat similarly, classical has in most contexts disappeared or turned into or ( 'family' instead of , 'insist' instead of and 'yesterday' instead of ).
One additional emphatic phoneme is acquired from the neighbouring Zenaga Berber language along with a whole palatal series from Niger–Congo languages of the south.
The latter is still, however, pronounced differently from , the distinction probably being in the amount of air blown out (Cohen 1963: 13–14).
As in most Maghrebi Arabic dialects, etymological short vowels are generally dropped in open syllables (except for the feminine noun ending ): > 'you (f.
In some contexts this initial vowel even gets lengthened, which clearly demonstrates its phonological status of a vowel: 'they stood up'.
In addition, short vowels in open syllables are found in Berber loanwords, such as 'man', 'calves of 1 to 2 years of age', and in passive formation: 'he was met' (cf.
In Western Sahara it is common for code-switching to occur between Hassaniya Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and Spanish, as Spain had previously controlled this region; in the rest of Hassaniya-speaking lands, French is the additional language spoken, except Libya, where Italian is spoken by educated speakers.
Born in Falkirk, the son of John Young and Agnes Renny, Young was first elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1836 as a Reformer (or Liberal) and, as a lawyer, defended Reform journalists accused of libel.
When responsible government was instituted in 1848, Young hoped to become the first Premier but was passed over in favour of fellow reformer James Boyle Uniacke and Young became Speaker.
His government was accused of overlooking Catholics and tensions with Catholics were exacerbated by Joseph Howe's rupture with Nova Scotia's Irish Catholic community over his recruitment of Americans to fight on the British side in the Crimean War.
Young returned to power in January 1860 when the Tory government was unable to command a majority in the legislature after an election.
In July, the colony's Chief Justice died and Young, who had long coveted the job, was appointed to the position by the lieutenant governor.
He served as Chief Justice for twenty-one years and was noted for placing cushions on his chair so he would tower above his fellow justices.
He was a recipient of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Annie Glenn Award for outstanding service to the stuttering community and National Stuttering Association Hall of Fame.
At age twelve, he began to learn the piano and was introduced to the art of scat singing two years later through records by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, among others.
Soon after, his agent Manfred Zähringer from Iceberg Records (Denmark) thought of combining scat-singing with modern dance music and hip hop effects.
Larkin was worried that listeners would realize he stuttered, and his wife, Judy, suggested that he talk about it directly in his music.
Sales of his debut single were slow at first, but they gradually reached number-one in many countries and sold over six million records worldwide.
While nowhere near as successful on an international level as his debut, the album and accompanying single took off in Japan, the country in which he would see success on a larger scale than anywhere else in the world.
In Europe, subsequent singles failed to replicate the chart success of his first two singles, giving him the title two-hit wonder.
In late 1998 Larkin was diagnosed with lung cancer, but he continued his musical work despite being told to take it easy from his substantial workload.
The crowd initially believed the collapse to be part of the show, until an announcement was made that the show would be ending due to a medical situation.
In American and European universities the term provided a coherent identity to centres composed of academics from a variety of disciplines including archaeology, art history, architecture, history, literature and linguistics.
The Institute of Mediaeval Studies at St. Michael's College of the University of Toronto became the first centre of this type in 1929; it is now the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (PIMS) and is part of the University of Toronto.
It was soon followed by the Medieval Institute at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, which was founded in 1946 but whose roots go back to the establishment of a Program of Medieval Studies in 1933.
As with many of the early programs at Roman Catholic institutions, it drew its strengths from the revival of medieval scholastic philosophy by such scholars as Étienne Gilson and Jacques Maritain, both of whom made regular visits to the university in the 1930s and 1940s.
These institutions were preceded in the United Kingdom, in 1927, by the establishment of the idiosyncratic Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, at Cambridge University.
Although Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic was limited geographically (to the British Isles and Scandinavia) and chronologically (mostly the early Middle Ages), it promoted the interdisciplinarity characteristic of Medieval Studies and many of its graduates were involved in the later development of Medieval Studies programmes elsewhere in the UK.
With university expansion in the late 1960s and early 1970s encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation, similar centres were established in England at University of Reading (1965), at University of Leeds (1967) and the University of York (1968), and in the United States at Fordham University (1971).
A more recent wave of foundations, perhaps helped by the rise of interest in things medieval associated with neo-medievalism, include centres at King's College London (1988), the University of Bristol (1994), the University of Sydney (1997) and Bangor University (2005).
Medieval studies is buoyed by a number of annual international conferences which bring together thousands of professional medievalists, including the International Congress on Medieval Studies, at Kalamazoo MI, U.S., and the International Medieval Congress at the University of Leeds.
European study of the medieval past was characterised in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by romantic nationalism, as emergent nation-states sought to legitimise new political formations by claiming that they were rooted in the distant past.
Both nationalist and colonialist entanglements meant that the study of the Middle Ages in this period had a role in the emergence of white supremacism.
However, the early twentieth century also saw new approaches associated with the rise of social sciences such as economic history and anthropology, epitomised by the influential Annales School.
In the wake of the Second World War, the complicity of medievalism in Europe's competitive nationalism led to greatly diminished enthusiasm for medieval studies within the academy—though nationalist deployments of the Middle Ages still existed and remained powerful.
The proportion of medievalists in history and language departments fell, encouraging staff to collaborate across different departments; state funding of and university support for archaeology expanded, bringing new evidence but also new methods, disciplinary perspectives, and research questions forward; and the appeal of interdisciplinarity grew.
Accordingly, medieval studies turned increasingly away from producing national histories, towards more complex mosaics of regional approaches that worked towards a European scope, partly correlating with post-War Europeanisation.
An example from the apogee of this process was the large European Science Foundation project The Transformation of the Roman World that ran from 1993-98.
Amidst this process, from the 1980s onwards Medieval Studies increasingly responded to intellectual agendas set by critical theory and cultural studies, with empiricism and philology being challenged by or harnessed to topics like the history of the body.
In the twenty-first century, globalisation led to arguments that post-war Europeanisation had drawn too tight a boundary around Medieval Studies, this time at the borders of Europe, with Muslim Iberia and the Orthodox Christian east seen in western European historiography as having an ambivalent relevance to Medieval Studies.
Thus a range of medievalists have begun working on writing global histories of the Middle Ages — while, however, navigating, the risk of imposing Eurocentric terminologies and agendas on the rest of the world.
His legend is a part of the annual Balipratipada (fourth day of Diwali) festival in the States of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Onam festival in the state of Kerala,India.
Literature and inscriptions in Hindu temples suggest that these festivals, featuring colorful decorations, lighted lamps, gift giving, feasts and community events, have been popular in India for more than a millennium.
In Jain mythology, the antagonists to Bali are the two sons born to King Mahasiva (Mahasiras): Ananda (the sixth Baladeva) and Purusapundarika (the sixth Vasudeva).
Bali is also mentioned in Jain inscriptions, where the patron compares the defeated evil opponents of the current king to Baki.
For example, in the Girnar inscriptions of Gujarat dated to about 1231 CE (1288 Vikrama era), minister Vastupala of the Chaulukya dynasty is praised as a great king by Jains, and the inscriptions connect him to Bali because Vastupala gave much charity.
For example, in Jain history, Mahabali is the name of the son of Bahubali, who was given Bahubali's kingdom before Bahubali became a monk.
Halfway through the 1970–71 NHL season he was traded to the Red Wings in a deal that sent superstar Frank Mahovlich to Montreal.
His promise was fulfilled the season following, when he scored 42 goals on a line centered by veteran star Alex Delvecchio.
In 1972–1973, Redmond became the seventh player in NHL history and the first Red Wing player to score fifty goals in a season.
Delvecchio retired early in the 1973–74 season to become the team's coach, and Redmond was moved onto a line with budding superstar Marcel Dionne.
Redmond's success continued, and he became only the third player to achieve back to back fifty goal seasons with 51 goals (including an NHL leading 21 power play goals).
He had been named to the league's First All-Star Team in 1973, the Second Team in 1974, and he played in one All-Star Game in 1974.
Redmond provided in-studio pre- and postgame commentary for WXYZ when ABC broadcast NHL games that featured the Red Wings, and currently does the same on NBC-broadcast Wings games for WDIV.
Redmond only does commentary for home games and away games with short trips, due to having coeliac disease and the difficulty of finding gluten-free meals over an extended trip.
The Baton Broadcast System ( ), also known as BBS, was a Canadian system of television stations located in Ontario and Saskatchewan, owned by Baton Broadcasting.
BBS was the successor to two provincial systems also owned by Baton, the Saskatchewan Television Network (STN) and Ontario Network Television (ONT).
During the 1990s, BBS and its predecessors served as a complementary programming service to the CTV Television Network, to which most (but not all) of the system's stations were already affiliated.
Shortly after Baton's acquisition of CTV in 1997 and the contemporaneous sale of Baton's independent stations (later re-acquired by Bell and currently part of the parallel CTV Two system), the BBS brand was eliminated, and the system's operations were merged into the CTV network.
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, it broadcast 60 hours of common programming each week, with a few gaps in primetime for affiliates to schedule locally; in some cases stations could even pick when to air network programs.
During this same period, CTV's profits began to decline, and by the early 1990s the network was posting losses, largely due to increased competition from the CanWest Global System and other independent stations.
Many affiliate groups, such as Baton and WIC – the latter already owning several independent stations – decided they would prefer to buy and air more of their own programming.
Accordingly, as part of CTV's 1993 restructuring, network programming was reduced to 42.5 hours (and soon after to 40), including 12 hours in primetime.
ONT was initiated in 1991, consisting of eight CTV affiliates – seven owned by Baton (CFTO, CJOH, CHRO, and the MCTV stations) and Electrohome's CKCO.
While ONT was a secondary affiliation and not a separate network from CTV, some claimed it was a first step towards the Baton stations becoming a separate network.
In addition to the CTV affiliates and independent stations, some ONT (and later BBS) programming may have aired on Baton's CBC affiliates, part of twinstick operations in northern Ontario.
Even the ONT brand was seen from time to time in the rest of Canada, mainly through Baton-produced Toronto Blue Jays games.
In October 1994, Baton hired the management consulting firm McKinsey & Company to help evaluate how to proceed with its national expansion plans.
McKinsey's report recommended, first and foremost, that Baton attempt to take control of the CTV trademark, which it saw as one of the most valuable brands in Canada, through the acquisition of as many other CTV affiliates (and their corresponding shares in the network) as possible.
However, the report also recommended that Baton create a new national brand as a backup, to help reduce the damage should Baton's gambit fail and CTV pass into a competitor's hands.
Despite the value Baton placed in the CTV brand, BBS became more a more prominent part of these stations' branding than CTV itself.
BBS replaced ONT in fall 1994, with the addition of Baton's six stations in Saskatchewan – CTV affiliates CKCK-TV in Regina, CFQC-TV in Saskatoon, CICC-TV in Yorkton, and CIPA-TV in Prince Albert, and CBC affiliates CKOS-TV in Yorkton and CKBI-TV in Prince Albert.
Baton and Electrohome also jointly acquired CFCN-TV in Calgary around the same time; both CFCN and Electrohome-owned CFRN-TV in Edmonton aired much of the BBS lineup, but did not actively use the BBS brand.
In 1997, Baton bought controlling interest in CTV, and became the sole corporate owner of the network later that year after the remaining station owners sold their shares.
Baton continued to consider the long-standing CTV brand much preferable to its lesser-known BBS moniker, and had not bothered to introduce the latter brand to its new acquisitions.
Almost immediately after its purchase of CTV was complete, Baton introduced new station logos on all of its CTV-affiliated stations that incorporated the network brand, and began using the CTV logo in all programming and promotions where the BBS logo was previously used, even though these programs remained separate from the CTV network service proper.
The BBS name was completely dropped no later than the end of January 1998, and Baton itself changed its corporate name to CTV Inc. later that year.
Nevertheless, BBS lived on in a very limited sense until 2001, since CTV maintained a separate stream of programming not part of the CTV network service – though as noted above, from this point on such shows were branded as CTV programs on the network's O&Os.
As its establishment came shortly before Baton adopted the CTV name for its stations, CIVT did not use the BBS name, instead branding as Vancouver Television (VTV).
Other affiliates such as CKY in Winnipeg, NTV in Newfoundland and Labrador, and to a lesser extent CFCF in Montreal, usually acquired additional programming, as they had from BBS.
On September 1, 2001, CIVT became the Vancouver CTV owned-and-operated station, displacing BCTV and CHEK; around the same time, CTV acquired CKY and CFCF, giving the network's O&O stations group coverage of virtually all major Canadian markets.
As a result, CTV elected not to renew its national network licence with the CRTC, and the largely artificial distinction between network and non-network programming was eliminated entirely at this point.
Baton's independents and newly disaffiliated CHRO were sold to CHUM Limited, becoming NewNet stations; however CTVglobemedia (now Bell Media), Baton's successor as a corporate entity, reacquired them as part of its purchase of CHUM Limited in 2007.
CTVgm would later acquire another CBC affiliate, CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba, as part of the CHUM purchase, which closed down in late 2009 after a variety of efforts to sell the station failed.
Bell Media then acquired two additional two CBC affiliates in interior British Columbia (CJDC-TV Dawson Creek and CFTK-TV Terrace) as part of its 2013 purchase of Astral Media, eventually converting both to CTV Two stations in 2016.
Living Marxism (LM) was a British magazine originally launched in 1988 as the journal of the British Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP).
In contrast, Professor Campbell of Durham University summarised his study of the case as follows: [A]s strange as existing British libel law is, it had an important and surprisingly beneficial effect in the case of ITN vs LM.
To this end, the LM defendants were able to cross-examine Penny Marshall and Ian Williams, as well as every member of the ITN crews who were at the camps, along with other witnesses.
(That they didn't take up the opportunity to cross-examine the Bosnian doctor imprisoned at Trnopolje, who featured in the ITN stories and was called to testify on the conditions he and others suffered, was perhaps the moment any remaining shred of credibility for LM's allegations evaporated).
They were able to show the ITN reports to the court, including the rushes from which the final TV stories were edited, and conduct a forensic examination of the visuals they alleged were deceitful.
And all of this took place in front of a jury of twelve citizens who they needed to convince about the truthfulness of their allegations.
Despite their failure, those who lied about the ITN reports have had no trouble obtaining regular access to the mainstream media in Britain, where they continue to make their case as though the 2000 court verdict simply didn't exist.
My father was a land holder of 700 acres [2.8 km²] here, adjoining the city on both sides of the river, and lived, as I now live, in a large brick house on the south bank of the Mohawk visible as you enter Amsterdam from the east.
In a large vote taken by one of the daily papers here a month or so ago as to who were the 12 leading citizens, I was 6th in the 12, and sole in my class.
Blood did indeed patent a swathing reaper, along with other patents, and wrote prolifically, but the larger portion of his writing consisted of letters, either to local newspapers or to friends such as James Hutchison Stirling, Alfred Tennyson and William James (the above quote was from a letter to James).
These letters dealt with an astonishing diversity of subjects, from local petty politics or the tricks of spiritualist mediums to principles of industry and finance and profundities of metaphysics.
After experiencing the anesthetic nitrous oxide during a dental operation, Blood concluded that the gas had opened his mind to new ideas and continued experimenting with it.
Edwin James Graham (born 20 February 1977) is an English musician who is best known as the original drummer of the rock band The Darkness, as well as the subsequent successor band Stone Gods fronted by guitarist and singer Richie Edwards.
Not particularly sporty, Graham would spend his break times isolated in the music room where he began to play the drums.
After leaving Salisbury College Graham returned to Lowestoft and worked in a Sanyo factory for six months to raise money to move to London.
In the year 2000 he moved to Finsbury park, soon relocating to Camden Town where he remained for over ten years.
His first band in London was Q*Sling fronted by Norwegian born Paul Ronney Angel who later went on to form The Urban Voodoo Machine.
After the huge success of the band's debut album, The Darkness toured relentlessly and played many major festivals in the UK and Europe including Reading and Leeds, Download, and T In The Park as well as filming promotional videos in Australia's Blue Mountains and on a glacier in Iceland.
Graham and Dan Hawkins went on to form The Stone Gods, recruiting Toby Macfarlaine and promoting Darkness guitar technician Richie Edwards to Frontman.
In 2011 The Darkness reunited with all four founding members, with Download 2011 being one of their first come back shows.
Since 2015, Graham has been the subject of a fine art photographic documentary by rock photographer Nick Elliott recording Graham's personal and professional life since his departure from The Darkness.
The band, Puppets to the Supreme Commander, intend to release an E.P and play U.K shows ahead of the album release.
The project, set up by friend and Puppets to the Supreme Commander bandmate David Donley, also featured Amie Conradine, Jim Lowe, and Glen Matlock of the Sex Pistols.
Originally from New Zealand, he received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in physics, where he proposed a model for the interior of Jupiter.
He is well known for applying fluid mechanics and magnetohydrodynamics to understand the internal structure and evolution of planets and moons.
In 1984, he received the H. C. Urey Prize awarded by the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society.
Stevenson's tongue-in-cheek idea about sending a probe into the earth includes the use of nuclear weapons to crack the Earth's crust, simultaneously melting and filling the crack with molten iron containing a probe.
The iron, by the action of its weight, will propagate a crack into the mantle and would subsequently sink and reach the Earth's core in weeks.
Prior to the emergence of military rule in the early 1980s, Ikeja was a well planned, clean and quiet residential and commercial town with shopping malls, pharmacies and government reservation areas.
Ikeja, which was said to be abbreviated from Ikorodu and Epe Joint Administration was originally settled by the Benin and Awori people, the locality was raided for slaves until the mid-19th century.
The opening of the Lagos-Ibadan railway in 1901 and the growth of Lagos as a port transformed Ikeja into a residential and industrial suburb of that city.
Arik Air's head office is in the Arik Air Aviation Centre on the grounds of Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Ikeja.
Other disestablished airlines with head offices in Ikeja include Air Nigeria (formerly Nigerian Eagle and Virgin Nigeria Airways), on the 9th Floor of Etiebets Place; Sosoliso Airlines; and ADC Airlines.
While most vendors provide the expected computer sales and repair services, it is also possible to find sales and repair services for various types of office equipment and electronic devices.
Many of the single floor buildings have been developed into massive buildings, housing several shops that distribute and repair mobile phones, Laptops, Printers and other electronic devices.
Computer and electronics stores require power to work on computers and demonstrate their products to potential customers, and this added load has made the supply erratic.
Brian Gillooly was the founder and also, served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine which was headquartered in Manhasset, New York.
McCready was also a member of the side project bands Flight to Mars, Temple of the Dog, Mad Season and The Rockfords.
McCready was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7, 2017.
When he was a child, his parents played Jimi Hendrix and Santana; while his friends listened to Kiss and Aerosmith, McCready would frequently play bongo drums.
Originally a cover band playing during free periods at Roosevelt High School, the band eventually began writing original material and recording demo tapes.
We played to a couple bartenders down there, but even though it was a bad scene, it was a good experience.
McCready was inspired to pick up his guitar again after attending a Stevie Ray Vaughan concert at The Gorge Amphitheatre in George, Washington.
After the demise of Gossard's band Mother Love Bone, he asked McCready if he wanted to play music together with him.
After a few months of practicing together, McCready in turn encouraged Gossard to reconnect with his Mother Love Bone alum Jeff Ament.
The trio were attempting to form their own band when they were invited to be part of the Temple of the Dog project founded by Soundgarden's Chris Cornell as a musical tribute to Mother Love Bone's frontman Andrew Wood, who died of a heroin overdose at age 24.
The band started rehearsing songs that Cornell had written on tour prior to Wood's death, as well as re-working some existing material from demos written by Gossard and Ament.
According to Cornell, McCready's headphone monitors flew off halfway through the recording of the solo, and he played the rest without being able to hear the backing track.
This project eventually featured vocalist Eddie Vedder, who had arrived in Seattle to audition to be the singer for Ament and Gossard's next band, which later became Pearl Jam.
The band originally took the name Mookie Blaylock, but was forced to change it when the band signed to Epic Records in 1991.
The band found itself amidst the sudden popularity and attention given to the Seattle music scene and the genre known as grunge.
Feeling the pressures of success, the band decided to decrease the level of promotion for its albums, including refusing to release music videos.
In 1994, the band began a much-publicized boycott of Ticketmaster, which lasted for three years and limited the band's ability to tour in the United States.
He was replaced by Jack Irons, a close friend of Vedder and the former and original drummer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Pearl Jam enlisted former Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron as Irons' replacement, initially on a temporary basis, but he soon became a permanent replacement.
It was released on the band's 1998 fan club Christmas single; however, by popular demand, the cover was released to the public as a single in 1999.
In 1994, when the two returned to Seattle, they formed a side band, The Gacy Bunch, with vocalist Layne Staley of Alice in Chains and drummer Barrett Martin of Screaming Trees.
McCready plays guitar in the band Walking Papers which includes former Guns N' Roses bassist Duff McKagan, Screaming Trees/Mad Season drummer Barrett Martin, and singer Jeff Angell.
In 2016 a new McCready project involving Duff McKagan, Barrett Martin and Jaz Coleman called The Levee Walkers released two songs on McCready's label HockeyTalkter Records.
McCready has cited Ace Frehley, BB King, Ronnie Montrose, Alex Lifeson, Muddy Waters, Michael Schenker, Jimi Hendrix, Pete Townshend, David Gilmour, George Harrison, Joe Perry, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Eddie Van Halen, Joe Satriani, Jeff Beck, Brian May, Angus Young, Ritchie Blackmore, Chuck Berry, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, Eddie Hazel, UFO, and Randy Rhoads among his influences.
When Pearl Jam supported The Rolling Stones in 1997, Vedder made a joke that McCready is such a big fan of the Stones that he would count the number of lines on the band's vinyl records.
McCready also cites punk rock band Social Distortion as a major influence, claiming to have seen them live over fifteen times.
McCready is known to use a variety of different guitars, but during Pearl Jam's early years he used mainly Fender Stratocasters.
McCready has used many types of Stratocasters, vintage and modern, even including left-handed Stratocasters with reversed strings, so that the slanted bridge pickup would have more treble on the lower strings, as opposed to the intended higher strings.
Among his collection, his most frequently used is his 1959 Standard, formerly owned by Jim Armstrong, guitarist for Van Morrison's band, Them.
He has only recently started to use the single pickup Gibson Les Paul Junior, which is a tv yellow 1959 model.
On May 10, 2018, McCready was honored with the Stevie Ray Vaughan Award from MusiCares, for his dedication to and support of MusiCares and his commitment to helping others in the addiction recovery process.
McCready suffers from Crohn's disease, which he was diagnosed with at the age of 21, and has worked to bring awareness of the disease.
He has since endorsed President Barack Obama specifically for his health care program, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which mandates health insurance to be available to those with pre-existing conditions.
McCready performs an annual concert to benefit the Northwest chapter of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, and has played at the event in a UFO tribute band called Flight to Mars as well as a reunited Shadow line-up.
But we're all really good friends and we love each other and I think they actually thought I was going to die, but they never took steps to kick me out of the band, which I can't believe because I fucked up so many times.
I was clean for about a month ... well, semi-clean; I can't bullshit about that ... but I fell off the wagon after the Kurt Cobain thing.
McCready was a part of the effort to raise money for Roger Federer's charity, Roger Federer Foundation as a part of Match for Africa – a non competitive tennis event held to a packed Key Arena in Seattle on April 29, 2017.
In 2017, McCready published a book of Polaroids he shot during his time in Pearl Jam, dating back to the early 1990s.
The photos in it document the band on tour, fellow musicians including Neil Young, Dave Grohl, Joey Ramone, and Jimmy Page, and McCready's personal life.
In 1837 he was appointed to the Legislative Council and while he sometimes supported reform, he was generally a critic and opponent of responsible government and the introduction of party government.
He lost power when responsible government was instituted in 1848 but continued as leader of what became the Conservative Party and served as Premier from 1857 to 1860 and again from 1863 to 1864 before being appointed to the bench.
Rave Master, titled and, alternatively, The Groove Adventure Rave in Japan, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiro Mashima.
The series follows Haru Glory, a teenager on a quest to find the five pieces of the sacred stone Rave in order to bring peace to the world by defeating the criminal group Demon Card.
Mashima created this series with the idea of travelling around the world and was presented with difficulties in its serialization due to its considerable length.
The manga series was licensed for an English release in North America by Tokyopop until Kodansha allowed their contract to expire.
Tokyopop also licensed the anime adaptation which premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on June 5, 2004, as part of the Toonami programming block, and re-broadcast on Syfy in 2009.
On the other hand, the anime adaptation has been panned for the multiple edits Tokyopop made to the original version which resulted in uninteresting and confusing dialogue, as well as unappealing music.
In 0015, the world is corrupted by Dark Bring, dark stones that bestow powerful magic with different abilities to their owners.
The Dark Brings are used by the Raregroove Kingdom, and the Symphonia Kingdom fight against them with their five powerful Rave stones.
Shotrly after Haru accidentally fishes Plue up, Shiba arrives wishing to reclaim Plue, but a group of terrorists from the Demon Card organization appear to kill Shiba.
Haru later meets a diverse group of allies, including Hamrio Musica, grandson of a blacksmith; Let Dahaka and Julia, two who appear human but are in fact of the Dragon Race; Griffon Kato, a strange blue creature and Plue's friend; Ruby, a penguin and a casino owner; Belnika, a mage; and Niebel, Sieg's close friend.
While facing Lucia and his forces, Haru's group also learn of the mythical creature known as Endless, which threatens mankind by provoking another Overdrive and can only be destroyed with Etherion.
Lucia's objective is to destroy the world, which is actually a parallel dimension created by his descendant with Etherion after the original was ruined by a plague and his family was cursed as a result.
Although Haru defeats Lucia, he is absorbed by Endless and convinces Elie to destroy it even if it means taking his life.
The protagonist, Haru, was designed prior to developing the story as he was a male character Mashima always wanted to draw.
It was published in thirty-five collected volumes by Kodansha, with the first volume released in November 1999 and the final volume released in September 2005.
The next month, it was announced that Del Rey Manga had acquired the license and would begin publishing the remaining volumes in 2010.
In 2017 Kodansha USA licensed the series for release with the intention to re-release all thirty-five volumes in digital format, which were all released together on October 3 2017.
The series is licensed for regional language releases in French by Glenat, in Spanish by Norma Editorial, and in Italian by Editions Star Comics.
Tokyopop edited the series for content and length, hired Rita Majkut to produce the English language version, which was recorded at Bill & Ted’s Recording Studio in Burbank, and contracted Glenn Scott Lacey to compose an alternate musical score.
The English dubbed version aired on Cartoon Network in the United States, premiering in June 2004, as part of the Toonami programming block.
However, it states that about part way through the first major story arc, the series began to improve and set itself apart from other manga series.
Chris Beverdige from Mania Entertainment also enjoyed the series recommending people to buy multiple volumes rather than one to enjoy the connected story arcs.
Critics were mainly concerned about how the script was rewritten for the series' English release which resulted in confusing character interactions and unfunny humor.
Both Anime News Network and DVDTalk found that the series was better suited towards a young audience and expected TokyoPop to release an uncut version of the series to attract older fans.
The exclusive English soundtrack was also heavily criticized for not fitting with the series while the English voice acting was found underwhelming.
DHA may be prepared, along with glyceraldehyde, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst.
It can also be prepared in high yield and selectivity at room temperature from glycerol using cationic palladium-based catalysts with oxygen, air or benzoquinone acting as co-oxidants.
She was able to consistently reproduce the pigmentation effect, and noted that DHA did not appear to penetrate beyond the stratum corneum, or dead skin surface layer (the FDA eventually concluded this is not entirely true).
In the 1970s the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added DHA permanently to their list of approved cosmetic ingredients.
By the 1980s, new sunless tanning formulations appeared on the market and refinements in the DHA manufacturing process created products that produced a more natural looking color and better fading.
Consumer concerns surrounding damage associated with UV tanning options spurred further popularity of sunless tanning products as an alternative to UV tanning.
Lotion manufacturers also produce a wide variety of sunless tanning preparations that replace DHA with natural bronzing agents such as black walnut shell.
The artificial tan takes 2 to 4 hours to begin appearing on the skin surface, and will continue to darken for 24 to 72 hours, depending on formulation type.
Exfoliation, prolonged water submersion, or heavy sweating can lighten the tan, as these all contribute to rapid dead skin cell exfoliation (the dead skin cells are the tinted portion of the sunless tan).
For the 24 hours after self-tanner (containing high DHA levels, ~5%) is applied, the skin is especially susceptible to free-radical damage from sunlight, according to a 2007 study led by Katinka Jung of the Gematria Test Lab in Berlin.
Forty minutes after the researchers treated skin samples with high levels of DHA they found that more than 180 percent additional free radicals formed during sun exposure compared with untreated skin.
For a day after self-tanner application, excessive sun exposure should be avoided and sunscreen should be worn outdoors, they say; an antioxidant cream could also minimize free radical production.
Although some self-tanners contain sunscreen, its effect will not last long after application, and a fake tan itself will not protect the skin from UV exposure.
This earlier study also found that dihydroxyacetone also has an effect on the amino acids and nucleic acids which is bad for the skin.
The free radicals are in part due to the action of UV light on AGE (Advanced Glycation End-products) such as Amadori products (a type of AGE) as a result of the reaction of DHA with the skin.
The skin browning of a sunless tan may provide some UV protection (up to SPF 3), but this low-level protection should be supplemented with additional protection.
Despite darkening of the skin, an individual is just as susceptible to harmful UV rays, therefore an overall sun protection is still very necessary.
DHA-based sunless tanning has been recommended by the Skin Cancer Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology Association, Canadian Dermatology Association and the American Medical Association as a safer alternative to sun-bathing.
The use of DHA in 'tanning' booths as an all-over spray has not been approved by the FDA, since safety data to support this use has not been submitted to the agency for review and evaluation.
A June 2012 FDA report claims the main chemical found inside that spray - DHA - is potentially hazardous when inhaled.
An opinion issued by the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, concluding spray tanning with DHA did not pose risk, has been heavily criticized by specialists.
Thus, nearly every report the commission's eventual opinion referenced came from studies that were never published or peer-reviewed and, in the majority of cases, were performed by companies or industry groups linked to the manufacturing of DHA.
The industry left out nearly all of the peer-reviewed studies published in publicly available scientific journals that identified DHA as a potential mutagen.
A study by scientists from the Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, published in Mutation Research has concluded DHA 'induces DNA damage, cell-cycle block and apoptosis' in cultured cells.
In the report released to ABC News, FDA scientists concluded that DHA does not stop at the outer dead layers of skin.
They added that tests they performed revealed that much of the DHA applied to skin actually ended up in the living layers of skin.
It is located on the eastern side of the Severn estuary, close to the eastern end of the Severn Bridge, now part of the M48 motorway.
There is a large area of farmland on the river bank, which is sometimes flooded due to the high tidal range of the Severn.
The Lollard theologian John Wycliffe (died 1384) is by tradition said to have been prebend of Aust and to have preached there, yet Baker (1901) was unable to find any record of such an appointment in the diocesan registers at Worcester, which see held Aust for many centuries.
The timber roofs and octagonal stone font date from the 15th century, and the western church tower, with an embattled parapet, was probably rebuilt in the Tudor period.
The estate at Aust was held from the Bishop of Worcester as part of the extensive feudal barony of Turstin FitzRolf who had acted as standard-bearer to William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
FitzRolf's properties in Gloucestershire were held in capite, including Aust, reverted to the Crown and then where granted to Wynebald de Ballon from Maine.
Wynebald had a holding at Caerleon on the River Usk near the manor of his brother Hamelin de Ballon of Abergavenny.
Both brothers made significant donations to the Abbey of St Vincent at Le Mans, including Wynebald's donation of the church of Aust.
A daughter of de Ballon married a man named de Newmarch, their son Henry held the estate of Aust in 1166.
It passed in moiety through generations of the Russell and then Dennis families, through Margret Russell who married Sir Gilbert Denys (died 1422) to her grandson Walt Dennis.
The moiety was purchased by the Astry family, The other moiety of Aust was held by Roger de Acton and was eventually sold to the Astry family.
The village is within a short walking distance of 24hr shops at near-by Severn View services at Aust (originally known as Aust Services) is a small motorway service area operated by Moto on the M48 motorway near the Severn Bridge.
The service area was listed as the last-known (February 1995) whereabouts of former Manic Street Preachers band member Richey Edwards, officially presumed deceased since 2008.
The Severn Bridge, a suspension bridge opened as part of the M4 motorway (later renamed the M48) in 1966, crosses the Severn estuary between Aust and Beachley.
It was the first Severn road crossing south of Gloucester, and took five years to construct at a cost of £8 million.
The Aust Ferry passage across the Severn estuary between Aust and Beachley – later known as the Old Passage – was used from antiquity.
In the 12th century, responsibility was granted to the monks of Tintern Abbey, and it continued to operate in subsequent centuries.
From 1827, a regular steamboat ferry service was established, but it lost much of its trade when a rival service was set up downstream at New Passage in 1863, and when the Severn rail tunnel was opened in 1886.
The growth of road traffic led to the re-establishment of a ferry between Aust and Beachley in 1926, carrying no more than 17 vehicles each time.
The Wylie transliteration system is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter.
These differ widely as Tibetan orthography became fixed in the 11th century, while pronunciation continued to evolve, comparable to the English orthography and French orthography, which reflect Late Medieval pronunciation.
The Wylie system does not normally distinguish these as in practice no ambiguity is possible under the rules of Tibetan spelling.
Many previous systems of Tibetan transliteration included internal capitalisation schemes—essentially, capitalising the root letter rather than the first letter of a word, when the first letter is a prefix consonant.
Tibetan dictionaries are organized by root letter, and prefixes are often silent, so knowing the root letter gives a better idea of pronunciation.
However, these schemes were often applied inconsistently, and usually only when the word would normally be capitalised according to the norms of Latin text (i.e.
On the grounds that internal capitalisation was overly cumbersome, of limited usefulness in determining pronunciation, and probably superfluous to a reader able to use a Tibetan dictionary, Wylie specified that if a word was to be capitalised, the first letter should be capital, in conformity with Western capitalisation practices.
In particular, it has no correspondences for most Tibetan punctuation symbols, and lacks the ability to represent non-Tibetan words written in Tibetan script (Sanskrit and phonetic Chinese are the most common cases).
The Tibetan and Himalayan Library at the University of Virginia developed a standard, Extended Wylie Tibetan System or EWTS, that addresses these deficiencies systematically.
Several software systems, including Tise, now use this standard to allow one to type unrestricted Tibetan script (including the full Unicode Tibetan character set) on a Latin keyboard.
Since the Wylie system is not intuitive for use by linguists unfamiliar with Tibetan, a new transliteration system based on the International Phonetic Alphabet has been proposed to replace Wylie in articles on Tibetan historical phonology.
Live at the Rainbow is the first live video recorded by Iron Maiden on 21 December 1980 and released in 1981.
After the Severn Bridge was opened in 1966, the A403 was constructed in 1969 and 1970 to provide a direct route between the M4 motorway and Avonmouth.
It was financed by Gloucestershire County Council with a £387,000 grant from the Ministry of Transport and was initially known as the Avonmouth Aust Coast Road.
Between Pilning and Chittening it followed a new route beside the ICI Severnside plant, and from Chittening to Avonmouth it followed the route of an existing unclassified road, St Andrews Road.
Although this is relatively low, a high proportion of traffic consists of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs); over five times the average.
T&F acquired Hemisphere Publishing in 1988, and the company was renamed Taylor & Francis Group to reflect the growing number of imprints.
In 1998 it went public on the London Stock Exchange and in the same year bought its academic publishing rival Routledge for £90 million.
Following the merger, T&F closed the historic Routledge office at New Fetter Lane in London, and moved to its current headquarters in Milton Park, Oxfordshire.
Taylor & Francis Group is now the academic publishing arm of Informa, and accounted for 30.2% of Group Revenue and 38.1% of Adjusted Profit in 2017.
Taylor & Francis publishes more than 2,700 journals, and about 7,000 new books each year, with a backlist of over 140,000 titles available in print and digital formats.
It uses the Routledge imprint for its publishing in humanities, social sciences, behavioural sciences, law and education, and the CRC Press imprint for its publishing in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
In 2017, T&F sold assets from its Garland Science imprint to W. W. Norton & Company and then ceased to use that brand.
Although generally considered the smallest of the 'Big Four' STEM publishers (Reed-Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, and Taylor & Francis), its Routledge imprint is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences.
Taylor & Francis operates a number of Web services for its digital content including Routledge Handbooks Online, the Routledge Performance Archive, Secret Intelligence Files and Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism.
Taylor & Francis offers Open Access publishing options in both its books and journals divisions and through its Cogent Open Access journals imprint.
Taylor & Francis is a member of several professional publishing bodies including the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers, the Association of Learned & Professional Society Publishers and The Publishers Association.
Its head office is in Milton Park, Abingdon in the United Kingdom, with other offices in Stockholm, Leiden, New York, Boca Raton, Philadelphia, Kentucky, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei, Melbourne, Sydney, Cape Town, Tokyo and New Delhi.
Taylor & Francis reported a mean 2017 gender pay gap of 24.2% for its UK workforce, while the median was 8%.
The fact that the average pay for women is significantly worse than the median pay (compared to men's) shows that women are underrepresented in the positions with the highest pay.
When Mato became ill and was unable to continue illustrating the series, Satoshi Yamamoto took over as the illustrator and still continues as the series' artist.
VIZ Media has begun to release the series again with a 2nd edition, although with edits not present in the first edition and original Japanese version.
The first story shows Red, the protagonist, who gets his Pokédex from Professor Oak to start on his Pokémon journey, collecting Pokémon and battling gym leaders for the eight coveted gym badges.
Later, Oak had been kidnapped by Team Rocket to create a Mewtwo, and Red, Green and Blue arrive at Saffron City to take on the Team Rocket Admins—Koga, Lt. Surge, and Sabrina.
Red then travels to the Indigo Plateau to battle his rival Blue, having gained seven badges, but also prevails against the evil bio-weapon Mewtwo and Team Rocket's leader and legendary missing Viridian Gym Leader, Giovanni, on the way.
Red later battles Blue in the Pokémon League Championships and emerges victorious, claiming the title of champion of the Pokémon League.
In contrast to the first story, this chapter is more graphic and has more original plots, which will be carried onto further storylines.
Yellow decided to go look for Red, as Red had helped her catch a Rattata to train her in the skills of battling.
They find out that Lance’s master plan was to use the Gym Badges and create an amplifying effect at Cerise Island to power up a mysterious Legendary Pokémon and destroy all humans in the world except themselves.
Yellow battles Lance, but is losing until the other trainers send their power to Yellow, and with their combined strength, she manages to defeat Lance.
It features the protagonists Gold, Silver and Crystal, and is centered mostly around the Johto region, with Gold as the point of view character.
But following him gets him wrapped up in Neo Team Rocket (a revival of Team Rocket), and Gold tries to stop them.
In a shocking reveal, it turns out one of the gym leaders is the Neo Team Rocket's leader, the Ice type gym leader, Pryce.
The Johto Trio (Gold, Silver, and a pro catcher named Crystal) then stop both Neo Rocket and the Mask of Ice in a dramatic final battle to end off the chapter.
It features Ruby and Sapphire and their bet to each other: 80 days for Ruby to win all the Contest Ribbons in Hoenn, and for Sapphire, a powerful trainer in her own right, to battle all the Gym Leaders for the 8 badges.
In their travels, they meet new companions like the gym leaders of the Hoenn region and the avid news reporter Gabby and her cameraman Ty (who play a minor role in the games).
Team Aqua and Team Magma are introduced here, as they attempt to awaken the legendary Pokémon Kyogre and Groudon to conquer the world, and Ruby and Sapphire take notice after encountering several main members in their journeys.
The next story, returning to Red, Green, and Blue, is loosely based on the Sevii Islands portion of the FireRed and LeafGreen versions of the game.
Along the way, they must rescue Green's parents and Professor Oak, who is Blue's grandfather, who have been kidnapped by Deoxys.
Despite their best efforts, they are not able to stop Team Rocket from obtaining Deoxys, even though they mastered the ultimate attacks taught by Ultima, an old but powerful woman residing on Two Island.
Knowing that his object was somewhere in Viridian City, he met up with Yellow in the forest, understanding her powers would be useful to him.
Giovanni had used Deoxys's power to search for his lost son and was led to the forest when Silver and Yellow were in.
Giovanni was challenged by Red after he went after him alone when Blue and Green stayed behind at the Sevii Islands before he could meet his son.
Together, Red, Blue, Green, Yellow as well as Silver stop it from destroying cities and populations but they were caught in an energy clash that petrified them.
The main protagonist of this story arc is Emerald, who is hired by Crystal and Professor Oak to capture Jirachi in seven days before it is captured by Guile Hideout, the main antagonist.
Emerald is also trying to accomplish his dream, which is to challenge the seven facilities of Battle Frontier and conquer them all.
The three Pokédex owners take on the Battle Frontier challenge, but they are interrupted by Guile Hideout, who was manipulating the head of the Battle Tower, Anabel.
In an ensuing battle with Emerald, he releases Anabel from his control and reveals himself to be Team Aqua's leader, Archie.
He also reveals that he has caught Jirachi, and subsequently uses it to summon a massive water-composed clone of Kyogre to flood the Battle Frontier.
Archie hinted, however, that he was unable to be separated from the armor covering him for a prolonged period of time.
The three Pokédex holders escape the rising waters with the help of Gold and Crystal, who had also arrived at the Battle Frontier.
Gold explains that the five Pokédex owners who were petrified — Red, Blue, Green, Yellow and Silver — were ordered to be shipped to the Battle Frontier.
While Crystal trains Ruby and Sapphire to learn a powerful skill that can help stop the Kyogre, Archie abandons Jirachi, who was subsequently left in Emerald's hands.
After finally coming into terms with his real desire—to be with Pokémon and people who like them—Jirachi grants his wish, and the five Pokédex owners were cured of their petrification.
Despite her vast knowledge, due to coming from a wealthy family of scholars, her father insists that she is followed by a pair of professional bodyguards.
However, an identity mishap occurs as manzai comedians Diamond and Pearl believe that Platinum is their tour guide who will accompany them on a prize trip around Sinnoh, while Platinum believes that the duo are her bodyguards.
She manages to obtain six gym badges within a space of 25 days, which Byron remarks to have beaten Sapphire’s previous record of 8 badges in 80 days.
While helping Platinum prepare for Gym Battles through intense periods of training, the starter Pokémon bestowed upon them by Professor Rowan gradually evolve to their final evolved form, while Platinum’s Ponyta evolves into a Rapidash.
In an encounter with Team Galactic while in Veilstone City, Platinum becomes Galactic’s ransom target, as a means to extract capital to develop a bomb, which would be used to destroy the three lakes of Sinnoh.
Platinum’s center of attention causes the banishment of her real bodyguards to a different realm, causing Diamond and Pearl to continue faking as professional bodyguards, while now knowing the truth.
After battling Fantina for a gym badge, the trio learn that Platinum’s father and Professor Rowan have been kidnapped while at an academic conference in Canalave City.
After her father and Professor Rowan are saved, Platinum learns that Diamond and Pearl were not her bodyguards; while this causes a rift between them, Platinum reconciles with them by revealing her name as a means of declaring she recognizes the two as her friends.
They resolve to continue their journey through Sinnoh in order to stop Team Galactic's nefarious plans and save the legendary Pokémon (Mesprit, Uxie, and Azelf) of Sinnoh's three lakes.
And Diamond, Pearl, and Platinum will be informed that Team Galactic captures the trio legendary Pokémon use them to the production of Red Chain in order to summon to the two legendary Pokémon in charge of time and space, Dialga and Palkia create a new universe.
The chapter follows Lady Platinum Berlitz, separate with Diamond and Pearl, as she enters the Battle Frontier; as well as Looker, who is international police investigating information on the Team Galactic and assist Platinum investigating information on the Distortion World, which is known as the inside world and where her original bodyguards are.
At the same time, Charon of Team Galactic also initiate a plan of action to take possession of the legendary Pokémon of Sinnoh, including the legendary Pokémon expelled to Distortion World, Giratina.
Three years after the events in the Emerald arc, the story starts when Gold arrives in the Pokéathlon Dome, looking for a person with information he is supposed to meet with.
At the end of the chapter, it is revealed that HeartGold & SoulSilver is a prequel and happens before the Diamond & Pearl/Platinum chapter.
When his ambition to become the best trainer in Unova gets the better of him, he causes a scene by screaming out his dream with his Pokémon.
The rivals of the Black and White game, Cheren and Bianca, appear as Pokédex holders, Cheren with a Snivy and Bianca with Oshawott.
It follows Blake (Lack-Two in Japan), a member of the International Police who seeks to arrest the seven sages and the other Team Plasma members, and Whitley (Whi-Two in Japan), a former member of Team Plasma yearning for the return of N. They are new students in Cheren's class along with Hugh, who vows himself to defeat Team Plasma and get the Purrloin they stole for his sister back.
Other students in his class are Yuki, Yuko, Maya, and Leo, the last one was a popular character that appeared near end of the previous chapter.
It began on October 4, 2016 and released each chapter of volume 52 on a weekly basis before continuing on to the first round of volume 53 on a monthly basis starting November 22, 2016.
The X and Y chapter focuses on a depressed boy named X, who won a major tournament as a child, and Y, a girl who dreams of becoming a Sky Trainer.
X, Y, and their companions, Shauna, Tierno, and Trevor have to try to escape Team Flare by seeking a place where they can go in peace; the plan doesn't go like X and his friends want.
Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald acquire Mega Bracelets and Mega Stones from Steven to help aid his quest to save the Earth from impending doom by a meteorite while Ruby encounters a mysterious girl along the way.
Sapphire is traumatized when she learns the truth about the metor, and in result of that trauma she loses her voice and sense of smell.
Ruby takes on the role of lorekeeper and gets Rayquaza to trust him so they can save the world through the use of dragon lore.
This chapter features a boy named Sun who is a courier with the hope of gathering 100 million Yen and a girl named Moon who is a pharmacist and an archer.
When writing the series, Kusaka always tries to add elements of amazements with the idea that the readers would feel they are actually playing a video game.
When he started drawing he had little knowledge about Pokémon, but still he was focused in the drawing for the new protagonist, Crystal.
After working for a year, he was surprised with Kusaka's stories and wanted to make his pictures give a good impression.
During the fourth story arc, Yamamoto mentioned that several of the disasters happening in the Hoenn region that he drew are based on his favorite horror and monster movies.
ICv2's Nick Smith gave the first volume 3.5 stars out of 5, commenting that several of the parts from the manga make it more interesting than the anime, such as Team Rocket's appearances or Pikachu's rebelled personality.
Although he still noted there was more violence in the manga than in the anime, he still recommended it for all ages.
A similar opinion was given by Active Anime's Scott Campbell who liked how different Red's character was from Ash Ketchum due to their differences in personality and abilities, making the former character seem more interesting for the readers.
From the 12th century onward, the settlement was referred to in English and Anglo-Norman as Kenenus, Kenelles, Kenles, Kenlis, Kellis and finally Kells.
Before Kells was a monastery, it was the site of a royal site inhabited by the High King Cormac mac Airt who moved his residence from the Hill of Tara, for reasons scholars are not yet sure about.
About 560 AD, Colmcille (later known as Columba) a prince of the royal house of the Northern Uí Néill family acquired Kells in recompense of a fault acted against him by his cousin the High King Diarmuid MacCarroll, who granted him the Dún of Ceannanus to establish a Monastery.
The present monastery at Kells is thought to have been founded around 804 AD by monks from St Colmcille's monastery in Iona who were fleeing Viking invasions.
In 1152, the Synod of Kells completed the transition of the Colmcille's establishment from a monastic church to a diocesan church.
Kells became a border town garrison of the Pale and was the scene of many battles between the Kingdom of Breifne and the Hiberno-Normans (who had heavily intermarried).
The period of the Great Famine saw the population of Kells drop by 38% as measured by the census records of 1841 and 1851.
Until the opening of the new motorway in June 2010, Kells stood as a busy junction town on the old N3 road with over 18,000 vehicles passing through the town each day.
Kells was a renowned traffic bottleneck from both the N3 national primary route (Dublin, Cavan, Enniskillen and Ballyshannon) and N52 national secondary route (Dundalk, Tullamore and Nenagh) passing through the town centre.
The new M3 motorway (opened June 2010) significantly reduces the journey time to Dublin, as well as the numbers of vehicles in the town.
Kells is served by a regular bus service run by Bus Éireann, the 109, 109A and 109X, which takes about 1.5 hours to Busáras in Dublin.
During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them.
Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear.
The submarine, which had been on the point of attacking the convoy, was first spotted and bombarded by an American seaplane.
His parents wished him to enter the priesthood, but he chose a scholarly career, inclining particularly to historical and linguistic studies.
The same year he went to Speyer to teach history at the lyceum and remained there until 1847, when he accepted a professorship of history at the University of Munich.
His Germanic studies had taught him the necessity of knowing Celtic languages, and he went to work to investigate this neglected field.
To get at the sources, the old manuscripts, particularly those in Old Irish, he journeyed to Karlsruhe, Würzburg, St. Gallen, Milan, London, and Oxford, and everywhere made extracts or copies.
He wants to replace British RAAF Group Captain Hicksley (the ranking Allied officer and prisoner representative) with Celliers as the spokesman for the prisoners.
As Celliers is interned in the camp, Yonoi seems to develop a homoerotic fixation with him, often asking Hara about him, silently visiting him in the night while Celliers is asleep.
When a radio is discovered in the possession of the POWs after Celliers circumvented the rations suspension Yonoi forces Celliers and Lawrence to accept the blame and puts them into nearby holding cells pending execution.
Furious at Hicksley's impudence (while at the same time denying Yonoi the information he seeks), the whole camp is paraded on Yonoi's order.
At this point Celliers breaks rank and walks up to Yonoi, between him and Hicksley, and kisses him on each cheek.
This is an unbearable offence to Yonoi's bushido honour code, and he reaches for his katana, only to collapse under the conflicting feelings of wanting vindication for the offence suffered in front of his men; and his feelings for Celliers.
Before leaving, Captain Yonoi goes to Celliers at night when no one is around and cuts a lock from his hair, then bows and leaves.
Hara has learned to speak English while in captivity and reveals he is to be executed the following day for war crimes.
He states he is not afraid to die, but doesn't understand how his actions were any different from those of any other soldier.
He then tells Hara that Yonoi gave him a lock of Celliers' hair and asked him to take it to his village in Japan and place it in a shrine.
While shooting the movie, Bowie was amazed that Oshima had a two- to three-acre camp built on the remote Polynesian island of Rarotonga, but most of the camp was never shot on film.
Contrary to usual cinematic practice, Oshima shot the film without rushes and shipped the film off the island with no safety prints.
Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev (; 3 March 1935 – 30 January 2015) was a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who served as the first non-Communist President of Bulgaria from 1989 to 1997, Zhelev was the most prominent figure of the 1989 Bulgarian Revolution, which ended the 35 year rule of President Todor Zhivkov.
A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he was elected as President by the 7th Grand National Assembly, and was then elected directly by the people in 1992 Bulgarian presidential election as the first democratically elected President of Bulgaria.
Three weeks after the volume's publication in 1982, it was banned and removed from the bookstores and libraries throughout the nation, as it likened the Soviet style socialist state to the fascist states of Italy, Germany and Spain before, during, and after World War II.
In 1988, just before the Fall of Communism, Zhelev founded the Ruse Committee, and in 1989 he became a founding member and chairman of the Club for Support of Openness and the Reform (a time when many such democratic clubs were formed), which helped him to achieve the position of Chairman of the Coordinating Council of the Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgarian: СДС, SDS) party.
Zhelev was elected MP in June 1990 for the 7th Grand National Assembly; the Assembly's main goal was to create a new democratic Constitution of Bulgaria.
Under the new constitution adopted in July 1991, the president was to be elected directly by voters, for a maximum of two terms.
He immediately suspended his membership in the UDF; the new constitution did not allow the president to be a formal member of a political party during his term.
Zhelev lost the UDF nomination for the 1996 presidential race to Petar Stoyanov who went on to win the next presidential elections.
After his defeat in the 1996 UDF primaries and after the end of his presidency in 1997, Zhelev remained in politics, but on a much smaller scale.
He became Honorary Chair of the Liberal Democratic Union and Honorary Chair of the Liberal International and in 1997 went on to establish and preside over a foundation named after him.
On 15 January 2010, Zhelev received the Macedonian state Order 8-September for his contribution to the recognition of the independence of the Republic of Macedonia from the former Yugoslavia.
He was married to Maria Zheleva (3 April 1942 – 8 December 2013) and has two daughters Yordanka (1963–1993) and Stanka (born 1966).
A soldier at the Serbian court, he helped overthrow the Obrenović dynasty with the assassination of King Aleksandar Obrenović (11 June), which was orchestrated by Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević, the founder and leading member of the secret nationalist organization Black Hand.
In 1921, Alexander I of Yugoslavia appointed Živković commander of the Palace Guards, but he was briefly demoted due to accusations by a young guardsman that he tried to seduce the youth.
General Živković, who was set up as strong man by royal decree, was Bogoljub Jevtić's brother-in-law, the closest adviser to the head of State.
Živković held the office as a member of the Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy (JRSD), which was soon the only legal party in Yugoslavia, due to his electoral reforms.
In 1946 he was tried in absentia in Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and sentenced to death by the communist authorities.
Leigh syndrome (also called Leigh disease and subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system.
Normal levels of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine diphosphate are commonly found but there is a reduced or absent level of thiamine triphosphate.
This is thought to be caused by a blockage in the enzyme thiamine-diphosphate kinase, and therefore treatment in some patients would be to take thiamine triphosphate daily.
The symptoms of Leigh syndrome are classically described as beginning in infancy and leading to death within a span of several years; however, as more cases are recognized, it is apparent that symptoms can emerge at any age—including adolescence or adulthood—and patients can survive for many years following diagnosis.
Symptoms are often first seen after a triggering event that taxes the body's energy production, such as an infection or surgery.
Infants with the syndrome have symptoms that include diarrhea, vomiting, and dysphagia (trouble swallowing or sucking), leading to a failure to thrive.
As the disease progresses, the muscular system is debilitated throughout the body, as the brain cannot control the contraction of muscles.
Hypotonia (low muscle tone and strength), dystonia (involuntary, sustained muscle contraction), and ataxia (lack of control over movement) are often seen in people with Leigh disease.
The eyes are particularly affected; the muscles that control the eyes become weak, paralyzed, or uncontrollable in conditions called ophthalmoparesis (weakness or paralysis) and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements).
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (thickening of part of the heart muscle) is also sometimes found and can cause death; asymmetric septal hypertrophy has also been associated with Leigh syndrome.
In children with Leigh-syndrome associated ventricular septal defects, caused by pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, high forehead and large ears are seen; facial abnormalities are not typical of Leigh syndrome.
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and over 30 genes in nuclear DNA (gene SURF1 and some COX assembly factors) have been implicated in Leigh disease.
Disorders of oxidative phosphorylation, the process by which cells produce their main energy source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), may be caused by mutations in either mtDNA or in nuclear encoded genes.
The latter account for the majority of Leigh disease, although it is not always possible to identify the specific mutation responsible for the condition in a particular individual.
Four out of the five protein complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are most commonly disrupted in Leigh syndrome, either because of malformed protein or because of an error in the assembly of these complexes.
Regardless of the genetic basis, it results in an inability of the complexes affected by the mutation to perform their role in oxidative phosphorylation.
This causes a chronic lack of energy in the cells, which leads to cell death and in turn, affects the central nervous system and inhibits motor functions.
The heart and other muscles also require a lot of energy and are affected by cell death caused by chronic energy deficiencies in Leigh syndrome.
Their function is to convert the potential energy of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
The most common of these mutations is found in 10 to 20 percent of Leigh syndrome and occurs in MT-ATP6, a gene that codes for a protein in the last complex of the oxidative phosphorylation chain, ATP synthase, an enzyme that directly generates ATP.
The most common MT-ATP6 mutation found with Leigh syndrome is a point mutation at nucleotide 8993 that changes a thymine to a guanine.
This and other point mutations associated with Leigh syndrome destabilize or malform the protein complex and keep energy production down in affected cells.
Several mitochondrial genes involved in creating the first complex of the oxidative phosphorylation chain can be implicated in a case of Leigh syndrome, including genes MT-ND2, MT-ND3, MT-ND5, MT-ND6 and MT-CO1.
Mitochondrial DNA is passed down matrilineally in a pattern called maternal inheritance — a mother can transmit the genes for Leigh syndrome to both male and female children, but fathers cannot pass down mitochondrial genes.
Nuclear DNA comprises most of the genome of an organism and in sexually reproducing organisms is inherited from both parents, in contrast to mitochondrial DNA's maternal pattern of inheritance.
This means that two copies of the mutated gene are required to cause the disease, so two unaffected parents, each of whom carries one mutant allele, can have an affected child if that child inherits the mutant allele from both parents.
75 to 80 percent of Leigh syndrome is caused by mutations in nuclear DNA; mutations affecting the function or assembly of the fourth complex involved in oxidative phosphorylation, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), cause most cases of Leigh disease.
The protein that SURF1 codes for is terminated early and therefore cannot perform its function, shepherding the subunits of COX together into a functional protein complex.
Another nuclear DNA mutation that causes Leigh syndrome affects another protein complex in the mitochondria, pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is an enzyme in the Link reaction pathway.
Some types of SURF1 mutations cause a subtype of Leigh syndrome that has a particularly late onset but similarly variable clinical course.
Other nuclear genes associated with Leigh syndrome are located on chromosome 2 (BCS1L and NDUFA10); chromosome 5 (SDHA, NDUFS4, NDUFAF2, and NDUFA2); chromosome 8 (NDUFAF6), chromosome 10 (COX15); chromosome 11 (NDUFS3, NDUFS8, and FOXRED1); chromosome 12 (NDUFA9 and NDUFA12); and chromosome 19 (NDUFS7).
Leigh syndrome can also be caused by deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), most commonly involving a PDHC subunit which is encoded by an X-linked gene (OMIM 308930).
X-linked recessive Leigh syndrome affects male children far more often than female children because they only have one copy of the X chromosome.
The type of Leigh syndrome found at a much higher rate in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec is caused by a mutation in the LRPPRC gene, located on the small ('p') arm of chromosome 2.
This subtype of the disease was first described in 1993 in 34 children from the region, all of whom had a severe deficiency in cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the fourth complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
The deficiency was found to be almost complete in brain and liver tissues and substantial (approximately 50% of normal enzyme activity) in fibroblasts (connective tissue cells) and skeletal muscle.
The age of onset is, on average, 5 months and the median age of death is 1 year and 7 months.
Children with the disease are developmentally delayed, have mildly dysmorphic facial features, including hypoplasia of the midface and wide nasal bridge, chronic metabolic acidosis, and hypotonia (decreased muscular strength).
Estimates of the rate of genetic carriers in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region range from 1 in 23 to 1 in 28; the number of children born with the disease has been estimated at 1 in 2063 to 1 in 2473 live births.
The characteristic symptoms of Leigh syndrome are at least partially caused by bilateral, focal lesions in the brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and other regions of the brain.
Demyelination is the loss of the myelin sheath around the axons of neurons, inhibiting their ability to communicate with other neurons.
The brain stem is involved in maintaining basic life functions such as breathing, swallowing, and circulation; the basal ganglia and cerebellum control movement and balance.
Damage to these areas therefore results in the major symptoms of Leigh syndrome—loss of control over functions controlled by these areas.
The lactic acidosis sometimes associated with Leigh syndrome is caused by the buildup of pyruvate, which is unable to be processed in individuals with certain types of oxidative phosphorylation deficiencies.
The pyruvate is either converted into alanine via alanine aminotransferase or converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase; both of these substances can then build up in the body.
Dystonia, nystagmus, and problems with the autonomic nervous system suggest damage to the basal ganglia and brain stem potentially caused by Leigh syndrome.
Laboratory findings of lactic acidosis or acidemia and hyperalaninemia (elevated levels of alanine in the blood) can also suggest Leigh syndrome.
Other diseases can have a similar clinical presentation to Leigh syndrome; excluding other causes of similar clinical symptoms is often a first step to diagnosing Leigh syndrome.
Conditions that can appear similar to Leigh disease include perinatal asphyxia, kernicterus, carbon monoxide poisoning, methanol toxicity, thiamine deficiency, Wilson's disease, biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease, and some forms of encephalitis.
Perinatal asphyxia can cause bilateral ganglial lesions and damage to the thalamus, which are similar to the signs seen with Leigh syndrome.
When hyperbilirubinemia is not treated with phototherapy, the bilirubin can accumulate in the basal ganglia and cause lesions similar to those seen in Leigh syndrome.
A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet may be followed if a gene on the X chromosome is implicated in an individual's Leigh syndrome.
The symptoms of lactic acidosis are treated by supplementing the diet with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or sodium citrate, but these substances do not treat the cause of Leigh syndrome.
In 2016, John Zhang and his team at New Hope Fertility Center in New York, USA, performed a spindle transfer mitochondrial donation technique on a mother in Mexico who was at risk of producing a baby with Leigh disease.
The most severe forms of the disease, caused by a full deficiency in one of the affected proteins, cause death at a few years of age.
If the deficiency is not complete, the prognosis is somewhat better and an affected child is expected to survive 6–7 years, and in rare cases, to their teenage years.
In 1968, the disease’s link with mitochondrial activity was first ascertained, though the mutations in cytochrome c oxidase and other electron transport chain proteins were not discovered until 1977.
She resides in Great Barrington, Massachusetts where she does research on mosquito genetics at the Wadsworth Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health in Albany, New York.
Constructed after World War II, and entering service during the 1950s, eight ships were constructed for the RN, and three ships for the RAN.
A further eight ships were planned for the RN but were cancelled before construction commenced, while a fourth RAN vessel was begun but was cancelled before launch and broken up on the slipway.
They were intended to fill some of the duties of Cruisers, which post WW2 were considered both expensive and obsolete by Naval Planners, and were briefly officially considered a hybrid type (Darings) before being rated as destroyers.
They were also the last destroyers of the RN and RAN to possess guns as their main armament (instead of guided missiles), which saw use during the Indonesian Confrontation and the Vietnam War.
The main armament was controlled by a director Mark VI fitted with Radar Type 275 on the bridge and a director CRBF (close range blind fire) aft with Radar Type 262 providing local control for 'X' turret on aft arcs.
The boilers utilised pressures and temperatures (, ) hitherto unheard of in the conservative Royal Navy, allowing great improvements in efficiency to be made without increasing weight.
The forward funnel was trunked up through the lattice foremast (referred to as a mack) with the after funnel a stump amidships.
Neither was provided with a casing, resulting in a curious, rather unappealing appearance, although the utility of the funnels was considered by some to enhance the overall appearance.
Also at the same time, the 'AC's had their STAAG mounts replaced with single mount Mark 7 Bofors and had the director Mark VI replaced by the new director MRS-3 (medium range system) incorporating the Radar Type 903 for fire control.
Between 1962 and 1964, the 'DC' group had their STAAG mounts replaced by the Mark V also, with the final set of torpedo tubes being removed at the same time.
There are a number of profile shots of the ship in Portsmouth dockyard, as well as detailed views above and below decks, and an interesting sequence showing the accidental firing of a torpedo at the admiral's barge.
He was one of the 13 'kinglets' allocated land in the aftermath of the Anglo-Zulu War, and vied for the royal succession with another of Cetshwayo's sons, Dinuzulu.
On the 22 July 1883, led by a troop of mounted white mercenaries, Zibhebhu made a sudden descent upon Cetshwayo's kraal at Ulundi, which he destroyed.
After repeated pleas from the Resident Commissioner, Sir Melmoth Osborn, the king moved to Eshowe, where he died a few months later, possibly by poisoning.
Dinuzulu was left to fight for the succession, and with the help of General Louis Botha and Dinuzulu's Volunteers defeated Zibhebhu and his army at the Battle of Ghost Mountain (also known as the Battle of Tshaneni).
In September 1884 Zibhebhu guided the remnant of the Mandlakazi, about 6,000 people, into the Reserve; an area set aside for Zulu not loyal to the Zulu royal house.
Karl Waldemar Ziegler (November 26, 1898 – August 12, 1973) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers.
He is also known for his work involving free-radicals, many-membered rings, and organometallic compounds, as well as the development of Ziegler–Natta catalyst.
One of many awards Ziegler received was the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1960 jointly with Otto Bayer and Walter Reppe, for expanding the scientific knowledge of and the technical development of new synthetic materials.
Karl Ziegler was born November 26, 1898 in Helsa near Kassel, Germany and was the second son of Karl Ziegler, a Lutheran minister, and Luise Rall Ziegler.
He was also introduced to many notable individuals through his father, including Emil Adolf von Behring, recognized for the diphtheria vaccine.
His extra study and experimentation help explain why he received an award for most outstanding student in his final year at high school in Kassel, Germany.
He studied at the University of Marburg and was able to omit his first two semesters of study due to his extensive background knowledge.
His studies were interrupted however, as during 1918 he was deployed to the front as a soldier to serve in World War I.
In 1926 he became a professor at the University of Heidelberg where he spent the next ten years researching new advances in organic chemistry.
He investigated the stability of radicals on trivalent carbons leading him to study organometallic compounds and their application in his research.
In 1936 he became Professor and Director of the Chemical Institute (Chemisches Institut) at the University of Halle/Saale and was also a visiting lecturer at the University of Chicago.
From 1943 until 1969, Ziegler was the Director of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research (Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung) formerly known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Kohlenforschung) in Mülheim an der Ruhr as a successor to Franz Fischer.
Karl Ziegler was credited for much of the post war resurrection of chemical research in Germany and helped in founding the German Chemical Society (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker) in 1949.
He was also the president of the German Society for Petroleum Science and Coal Chemistry (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mineralölwissenschaft und Kohlechemie), which was from 1954 to 1957.
His daughter, Dr. Marianna Ziegler Witte was a doctor of medicine and married a chief physical of a children's hospital (at that time) in the Ruhr.
At least one of his grandchildren, Cordula Witte, attended his Nobel Prize reception as there is a picture of the two of them happily dancing.
Karl enjoyed pictures of the places that he and his wife called home, including pictures of Halle and the Ruhr valley.
With part of this wealth, he set up the Ziegler Fund with some 40 million deutsche marks to support the institute's research.
Another namesake is the Karl-Ziegler-Schule, an urban high school that was founded on December 4, 1974, renaming a previously existing school.
Because of this, his scientific achievements range from the fundamental to the most practical, and his research spans a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry.
While still a doctoral student at University of Marburg, Ziegler published his first major article which showed how halochromic (RCZ) salts could be made from carbinols.
He was encouraged to try to synthesize similarly substituted free radicals, and successfully prepared 1,2,4,5-tetraphenylallyl in 1923 and pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl in 1925.
His interest in the stability of tri-valent carbon free-radical compounds brought him to publish the first of many publications in which he sought to identify the steric and electronic factors responsible for the dissociation of hexa-substituted ethane derivatives.
He used strong bases such as the lithium and sodium salts of amines, to accomplish the cyclization of long-chain hydrocarbons possessing terminal cyano groups.
Ziegler's synthetic method, which included running reactions at high dilution to favor the intramolecular cyclization over competing intermolecular reactions, resulted in yields superior to those of existing procedures (Laylin): he was able to prepare large-ringed alicyclic ketones, C to C, in yields of 60–80%.
He discovered that ether scission opened a new method of preparing sodium and potassium alkyls, and found that these compounds could easily be converted to the hexa-substituted ethane derivatives.
The nature of the substituent could be easily and systematically altered using this synthetic route by simply changing the identity of the ether starting material.
4Li+2RX – 2RLi This convenient synthesis spurred numerous studies of RLi reagents by others, and now organolithium reagents are one of the most versatile and valuable tools of the synthetic organic chemist.
Ziegler's own research on lithium alkyls and olefins was to lead directly to his discovery of a new polymerization technique some 20 years later.
In 1927, he found that when the olefin stilbene was added to an ethyl ether solution of phenylisopropyl potassium, an abrupt color change from red to yellow took place.
Further work showed that he could successively add more and more of the olefinic hydrocarbon butadiene to a solution of phenylisopropyl potassium and obtain a long-chain hydrocarbon with the reactive organopotassium end still intact.
Since Ziegler was working at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, ethylene was readily available as a byproduct from coal gas.
Because of this cheap feedstock of ethylene and the relevance to the coal industry, Ziegler began experimenting with ethylene, and made it a goal to synthesize polyethylene of high molecular weight.
His attempts were thwarted because a competing elimination reaction kept occurring causing an anomalous result: instead of ethylene being converted into a mixture of higher aluminum alkyls, its dimer, 1-butene, was almost the only product.
It was reasoned that a contaminant must have been present to cause this unexpected elimination reaction, and the cause was eventually determined to be traces of nickel salts.
Ziegler realized the significance of this finding; if a nickel salt could have such a dramatic influence on the course of an ethylene-aluminum alkyl reaction, then perhaps another metal might delay the elimination reaction.
Simply passing ethylene, at atmospheric pressure, into a catalytic amount of TiCl3 and Et2AlCl dissolved in a higher alkane led to the prompt deposition of polyethylene.
Ziegler was able to obtain high molecular weight polyethylene (MW > 30,000) and, most importantly, to do so at low ethylene pressures.
In 1952, Ziegler disclosed his catalyst to the Montecatini Company in Italy, for which Giulio Natta was acting as a consultant.
For their work on the controlled polymerization of hydrocarbons through the use of these novel organometallic catalysts, Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Linda Rose Tripp (née Carotenuto; born November 24, 1949) is a former U.S. civil servant who played a prominent role in the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal of 1998.
Tripp claimed that her motives were purely patriotic, and she was able to avoid a wiretap charge in exchange for handing in the tapes.
She then claimed that her firing from the Pentagon at the end of the Clinton administration was vindictive, while the administration claimed it to be a standard routine.
Tripp was a White House employee in the George H. W. Bush administration, and kept her job when Bill Clinton took over in 1993.
During the summer of 1994, senior White House aides wanted Tripp out, so they arranged a job for her in the public affairs office in the Pentagon which gave her a raise of $20,000 per year.
Tripp became a close confidante of another former White House employee, Monica Lewinsky, while they both worked in the Pentagon's public affairs office.
According to Tripp, who is about 24 years older than Lewinsky, they knew one another for a year and a half before the scandal began to reach its critical stage.
After Lewinsky revealed to Tripp that she had been in a physical relationship with President Clinton, Tripp, acting on the advice of literary agent Lucianne Goldberg, began to secretly record phone conversations with Lewinsky while encouraging Lewinsky to document details of her relationship with the president.
Jones’ lawsuit, initially filed in April 1994 through her attorneys Joseph Cammarata and Gilbert K. Davis, eventually resulted in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in Clinton v. Jones that a sitting President of the United States does not have immunity against civil lawsuits for acts done before taking office, and unrelated to the office.
Tripp also informed Starr of the existence of a navy blue dress that Lewinsky owned that was soiled with Clinton's semen.
During their friendship, Lewinsky had shown the dress to Tripp and said she intended to have it dry-cleaned; Tripp convinced her not to.
Based on Tripp's tapes, Starr obtained approval from Attorney General Janet Reno and the special court overseeing the Independent Counsel to expand Starr's investigation into the Clinton-Lewinsky relationship, looking for potential incidents of perjury, to investigate Lewinsky for perjury and suborning perjury as a witness in the lawsuit Paula Jones had brought against Clinton.
Tripp also told Starr that she had evidence directly linking the White House to the Travelgate, Filegate, and Chinagate affairs, but Starr chose not to act on that, preferring to pursue the sex-related allegations.
Tripp has claimed that she taped Lewinsky out of self-defense, as she feared retaliation from the Clinton administration, also claiming Lewinsky had assured President Clinton that she had told only Tripp about their affair (which was untrue), thus making her a target since she refused to go along with perjuring herself to protect Lewinsky and the President.
Eventually both Clinton and Lewinsky had to appear before a Washington, D.C., grand jury to answer questions, although Clinton appeared via closed circuit television.
Tripp was a resident of Columbia, Maryland, at the time she made her surreptitious recordings of the conversations with Lewinsky, and 49 Democrats in the Maryland Legislature signed a letter to the state prosecutor demanding that Tripp be prosecuted under Maryland's wiretap law.
Before the trial, the state court ruled that because of the immunity agreements which the Independent Counsel's office entered into with Tripp, Lewinsky, and others, a substantial amount of the evidence which the prosecution intended to use was inadmissible.
At a pre-trial hearing, the prosecution called Lewinsky as a witness to try to establish that her testimony against Tripp was untainted by the Independent Counsel investigation.
As a result, all charges against Tripp were dismissed on May 26, 2000, when the prosecution decided not to proceed with the trial of the case.
On March 14, 1998, it was revealed that Linda Tripp was arrested when she was 19 years old in Greenwood Lake, New York, in 1969 on charges of stealing $263 in cash as well as a wristwatch worth about $600.
Following the Bacon–Bernath leak to Mayer, the Department of Defense leaked to the news media other confidential information from Tripp's personnel and security files.
The Department of Defense Inspector General investigated the leak of Tripp's security clearance form information and found that Bacon and Bernath violated the Privacy Act, and the DoD IG concluded that Bacon and Bernath should have known that the release of information from Tripp's security file was improper.
On January 19, 2001, the last full day of the Clinton Administration, Linda Tripp was fired from her job in the Pentagon.
Tripp claimed that the firing was vindictive, but the Clinton administration said that all political appointees such as Tripp are normally asked to submit their resignation upon a new administration taking over.
Tripp sued the Department of Defense and the Justice Department for releasing information from her security file and employment file to the news media in violation of the Privacy Act of 1974.
The settlement included a one-time payment of more than $595,000, a retroactive promotion, and retroactive pay at the highest salary for 1998, 1999, and 2000.
Since the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal, Tripp moved to Northern Virginia, married German architect Dieter Rausch in 2004 and later relocated to Middleburg, Virginia.
On the subject of her successful invasion of privacy lawsuit against the federal government, Tripp claimed that she actually came out behind financially because of attorneys' fees and the derailment of her government career.
She also claimed that her violations of Lewinsky's privacy and the Clinton administration's violations of her privacy were not equivalent, as the Clinton administration's leaking of her employment history was illegal — noting that although her wiretapping was also illegal, she was able to avoid prosecution for such by accepting immunity in exchange for her testimony.
The Interpretation of Dreams () is an 1899 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus complex.
Freud revised the book at least eight times and, in the third edition, added an extensive section which treated dream symbolism very literally, following the influence of Wilhelm Stekel.
Dated 1900, the book was first published in an edition of 600 copies, which did not sell out for eight years.
His reading and analysis of the dream allowed him to be exonerated from his mishandling of the treatment of a patient in 1895.
The first process involves unconscious forces that construct a wish that is expressed by the dream, and the second is the process of censorship that forcibly distorts the expression of the wish.
During sleep, the unconscious condenses, displaces, and forms representations of the dream content, the latent content of which is often unrecognizable to the individual upon waking.
Freud argues that two persons or objects can be combined into a single representation in a dream (see Freud's dream of his uncle and Friend R).
It lies at an elevation of just off the main interstate highway, BR040, between the urban centers of Barbacena (north) and Juiz de Fora (south).
Livestock raising is the main economic activity with approximately 30,000 head of cattle and an annual production of milk of about .
Santos Dumont has the Companhia Brasileira de Carbureto de Cálcio, (CBCC), which produces silicone iron and metallic silicone, exporting to several countries.
Between the census held in 1996 and the census held in 2000 the population increased at the rate of 0.32% per annum which is much lower than other places in the country.
This is partially explained by the economic attraction of the nearby city of Juiz de Fora, making it the destination of many immigrants.
According to the 2000 census, the average income of the workers of the municipality was calculated at R$450 (237 USD at that time), but workers earning less than the national minimum wage (R$151, 80 USD) accounted for 38.8% of the total employees, meanwhile only 1.00% of them earned more than the equivalent to 20 minimum wages (R$3,020 or 1,590 USD).
During the route, it is possible to observe a nice natural landscape, old farms and two fountains, from the time of their construction, also well some rock records.
Theses fountains were used for a parade of drovers while came from the interior of Minas Gerais, bringing gold to Rio de Janeiro, at the time of Colonial Brazil.
Besides that, in the city stand out the Cabangu Museum birthplace of Alberto Santos Dumont, in the district of Mantiqueira, 16 km from the city center.
The Ponte Preta Dam, in the neighborhood of Ponte Preta, allows leisure activities where people go swimming, boating, fishing, camping and spending the day free for leisure.
Don Juan de Zumárraga y Arrazola (1468 – June 3, 1548) was a Spanish Basque Franciscan prelate and first bishop of Mexico.
Shortly afterwards he was appointed one of the judges of the court for the examination of witches in the Basque province.
By this time more detailed accounts of the importance of the conquest of Hernán Cortés began to be received, and on December 20, 1527, Zumárraga was recommended by Charles V for the post of first bishop of Mexico.
Their companions, Juan Ortiz de Matienzo and Diego Delgadillo, assumed their authority, which was also shared by Nuño de Guzmán, who had come from his territories in the Pánuco Valley.
His position was a critical one; the Spanish monarchy had defined neither the extent of his jurisdiction nor his duties as Protector of the Indians.
Moreover, he had not received official consecration as bishop, and was thus at a disadvantage when he attempted to exercise his authority.
His own Franciscans, who had so long labored for the welfare of the Indians, pressed him to put an end to the excesses of the auditors.
It was clear that he must have had an open conflict with the civil officials of the colony, relying only on his spiritual prerogatives, which commanded no respect from these immoral and unprincipled men.
Bishop Zumárraga attempted to notify the Spanish court of the course of events, but the auditors had established a successful censorship of all letters and communications from New Spain.
Meanwhile, news reached Mexico that Cortés had been well received at the Spanish court and was about to return to New Spain.
Fearful of the consequences, Nuño de Guzmán left Mexico City on December 22, 1529, and began his famous expedition to Michoacán, Jalisco, and Sinaloa.
In the early part of 1530 they dragged a priest and a former servant of Cortés from a church, quartered him and tortured his servant.
The Crown appointed new auditors, among them Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal, Bishop of Santo Domingo, and the lawyer Vasco de Quiroga, who later became the first Bishop of Michoacán.
Meantime the calumnies spread by the enemies of Zumárraga and the partisans of the first auditor had shaken the confidence of the Spanish Court, and he set sail in May 1532 under orders to return to Spain.
As a result of Delgadillo's charges, Charles V held back the Bull of Clement VII, originally dated September 2, 1530, that would have named Zumárraga bishop.
After another year in Spain working for favourable concessions for the Indians, he reached Mexico in October 1534, accompanied by a number of mechanics and six female teachers for the Indian girls.
He no longer held the title of Protector of the Indians, as it was thought that the new auditors would refrain from the abuses of prior regimes.
On November 14, 1535, with the arrival of the first viceroy, Antonio de Mendoza, the rule of the new auditors ended.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Juan Lopez de Zárate, Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca (1537); Francisco Marroquín Hurtado, Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala (1537); and Vasco de Quiroga, Bishop of Michoacán (1539).
The multitude of Indians who asked for baptism, said to have greatly increased after the apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe in 1531, forced the missionaries to adopt a special form for administering this sacrament.
Prayers were recited in common over all, salt, saliva, etc., applied to a few, and then water was poured on the head of each without using the customary holy oils or chrism.
The practice faced no opposition while the Franciscans were in charge of the missions, but as soon as members of other religious orders and some secular ecclesiastics arrived, doubt began to be cast upon the validity of these baptisms.
The pre-Columbian religions had permitted polygyny and the taking of concubines, and when Natives were converted the question arose as to which were legitimate wives and which were concubines, and whether any of the marriages had been valid at all.
The Franciscans knew that certain rites were observed for certain unions, and that in some cases, where separation or divorce was desired, it was necessary to obtain the consent of the authorities, while in other cases the consent of the interested parties sufficed.
This provision affected regions where there was no bishop, or where it required two or more days of travel to reach one.
The bishops found their authority much limited, and a series of assemblies followed in which Zumárraga with his customary prudence tried to arrive at an understanding with the regulars without openly clashing with them.
In 1535, Bishop Zumárraga received the title and powers of Apostolic Inquisitor of the diocese of Mexico from the Inquisitor General, Álvaro Manrique, Archbishop of Seville, including that of delivering criminals to the secular courts.
Those affected by the new laws were almost all the Spaniards of the colony, many of them far advanced in years, who had passed through all the trying period of the conquest, and whom the new laws would leave in abject poverty.
These had recourse to Bishop Zumárraga to intercede with Tello to obtain a suspension of the order until they could be heard before the Spanish Court.
In virtue of the situation as explained to him, he modified the general tenor of the laws so that while still correcting the principal abuses, they would not bear too heavily on the Spaniards of the colony.
Through the prudent intervention of Bishop Zumárraga and the compliance of Tello, Mexico was undoubtedly saved from a bloody civil struggle such as engulfed Peru on account of the enforcement of these same laws and from which the Indians emerged worse off than they were before.
The last years of Bishop Zumárraga's life were devoted to carrying out the numerous works he had undertaken for the welfare of his diocese.
At the instance of the emperor, Pope Paul III separated (February 11, 1546) the See of Mexico from the metropolitan See of Seville, and erected the Archdiocese of Mexico, appointing Bishop Zumárraga first archbishop and designating the dioceses of Oaxaca, Michoacán, Tlaxcala, Guatemala, and Ciudad Real de Chiapas, as suffragans.
The term 'Wright' comes from the circa 700 AD Old English word 'wryhta' or 'wyrhta', meaning worker or shaper of wood.
Later it became any occupational worker (for example, a shipwright is a person who builds ships), and is used as a British family name.
The word's use as an occupational title continued until the mid-19th century, often combined with other words such as in shipwright, wheelwright, wainwright and playwright.
The Incorporation of Wrights of the Trades House of Glasgow, and the Incorporation of Wrights and Masons of Edinburgh Trades retain the word in its original meaning in their role of promoting the woodworking trade.
It is different from most other card games, in that the rules and the conditions for winning are altered throughout the game, via cards played by the players.
Fluxx edition 4 was released in and was the first set to have the Meta Rule subtype card, which stemmed from a Fluxx Tournament rule.
By over 1 million decks of all Fluxx versions had been sold while Pirate Fluxx was getting into bookstores that month.
With a delay of the first variant to be released at the polled requested of the retailers, Looney Labs pushed back the dice and the other variant to stagger the releases to spread out the impact.
While the game begins by requiring players to simply draw and play a specific number of cards, the mechanic mutates when a New Rule card is played.
The card may change the number of cards drawn or played per turn, the number of cards held per hand, or the Keepers played.
These include included Creeper cards that block or make goals more difficult to obtain; Ungoal cards, which have conditions where the game ends with no winner; and Surprise cards, a 2011 addition, which allow players to negate other types of cards which could prevent a victory and can be played at any time, though they have other effects when played on one's own turn.
The first Fluxx tournament at Origins 1997 had an extra rule calling for an increase in the Basic Rules each time the deck was reshuffled which was kept for future tournaments.
The board is separated into 9 movable tiles with four spaces each except for the start tile with the initial set up of 3x3 square.
The octagon may hold any number of pawns while the keeper spaces can only have one with an incoming pawn pushing out the current pawn.
All start with a hand of three cards and a color card in face up to indicate the pawns they control.
A Leaper card counts as a card play but allows you to move a pawn to the item on the board.
Game Technicians (previously known as Mad Lab Rabbits), voluntary game demonstrators for Looney Labs, give away promo cards to people interested in the game.
The rest of you can enjoy yourselves as the game spins out of his control (as it surely will) and perhaps he'll eventually learn to lose gracefully.
This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.
In such areas where humans have fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly modified into a simplified human environment.
Even acts which seem less extreme, such as building a mud hut or a photovoltaic system in the desert, the modified environment becomes an artificial one.
Though many animals build things to provide a better environment for themselves, they are not human, hence beaver dams, and the works of mound-building termites, are thought of as natural.
More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform.
If, for instance, in an agricultural field, the mineralogic composition and the structure of its soil are similar to those of an undisturbed forest soil, but the structure is quite different.
Earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere as correspondent to rocks, water, air, and life respectively.
Some scientists include as part of the spheres of the Earth, the cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere.
Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geographical sciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth.
The Earth's crust, or lithosphere, is the outermost solid surface of the planet and is chemically and mechanically different from underlying mantle.
Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 362 million square kilometers) is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas.
Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt.
Though generally recognized as several 'separate' oceans, these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water often referred to as the World Ocean or global ocean.
The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents, various archipelagos, and other criteria: these divisions are (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.
Water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge, springs, and the release of water stored in glaciers and snowpacks.
A body of water is considered a lake when it is inland, is not part of an ocean, and is larger and deeper than a pond.
In some parts of the world, there are many lakes because of chaotic drainage patterns left over from the last Ice Age.
All lakes are temporary over geologic time scales, as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them.
A wide variety of man-made bodies of water are classified as ponds, including water gardens designed for aesthetic ornamentation, fish ponds designed for commercial fish breeding, and solar ponds designed to store thermal energy.
The changing vegetation occurs because when trees cannot get adequate water they start to deteriorate, leading to a decreased food supply for the wildlife in an area.
The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, among which are the greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
Many natural substances may be present in tiny amounts in an unfiltered air sample, including dust, pollen and spores, sea spray, volcanic ash, and meteoroids.
Various industrial pollutants also may be present, such as chlorine (elementary or in compounds), fluorine compounds, elemental mercury, and sulphur compounds such as sulphur dioxide [SO].
The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in depleting the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface.
These scientists are increasingly concerned about the potential long-term effects of global warming on our natural environment and on the planet.
Of particular concern is how climate change and global warming caused by anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide, can act interactively, and have adverse effects upon the planet, its natural environment and humans' existence.
This is due to the greenhouse effect, which is caused by greenhouse gases, which trap heat inside the Earth's atmosphere because of their more complex molecular structure which allows them to vibrate and in turn trap heat and release it back towards the Earth.
This warming is also responsible for the extinction of natural habitats, which in turn leads to a reduction in wildlife population.The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the group of the leading climate scientists in the world) concluded that the earth will warm anywhere from 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 to 6 degrees Celsius) between 1990 and 2100.
Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming.
Methodologically, this view could be defended when looking at processes which change slowly and short time series, while the problem arrives when fast processes turns essential in the object of the study.
Climate looks at the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time.
The Thornthwaite system, in use since 1948, uses evapotranspiration as well as temperature and precipitation information to study animal species diversity and the potential impacts of climate changes.
Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time.
Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year.
Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location.
The atmosphere is a chaotic system, and small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole.
Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that civilized human activity such as agriculture and industry has inadvertently modified weather patterns.
All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms, and based on these observations, theories on the origin of life attempt to find a mechanism explaining the formation of a primordial single cell organism from which all life originates.
There are many different hypotheses regarding the path that might have been taken from simple organic molecules via pre-cellular life to protocells and metabolism.
Although there is no universal agreement on the definition of life, scientists generally accept that the biological manifestation of life is characterized by organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli and reproduction.
A diverse variety of living organisms (life forms) can be found in the biosphere on Earth, and properties common to these organisms—plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria—are a carbon- and water-based cellular form with complex organization and heritable genetic information.
Living organisms undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations.
An ecosystem (also called as environment) is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.
Central to the ecosystem concept is the idea that living organisms are continually engaged in a highly interrelated set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist.
The human ecosystem concept is then grounded in the deconstruction of the human/nature dichotomy, and the emergent premise that all species are ecologically integrated with each other, as well as with the abiotic constituents of their biotope.
This is not universally the case and there is no proven relationship between the species diversity of an ecosystem and its ability to provide goods and services on a sustainable level.
The term ecosystem can also pertain to human-made environments, such as human ecosystems and human-influenced ecosystems, and can describe any situation where there is relationship between living organisms and their environment.
Fewer areas on the surface of the earth today exist free from human contact, although some genuine wilderness areas continue to exist without any forms of human intervention.
Biomes are terminologically similar to the concept of ecosystems, and are climatically and geographically defined areas of ecologically similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems.
Biomes are defined on the basis of factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate.
Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative.
While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by civilized human factors, most scientists agree that wildlife around the world is (now) impacted by human activities.
In some cultures the term environment is meaningless because there is no separation between people and what they view as the natural world, or their surroundings.
It was originally released in 1989 by SST Records as an hour long cassette, and was reissued on CD Negativland's own Seeland Records label in 1996.
The CD issue runs approximately 73 minutes, and omits some of the cassette content, but includes additional material recorded subsequently, interspersed with the remaining original material.
The storyline involves Pastor Dick Seeland (Richard Lyons) going on the air along with the Weatherman (David Wills) to hold a fundraiser to replace money stolen from the church secretary's purse.
He asks listeners to call in and name three sins they've committed, rating their severity on a scale to determine the amount of money, up to $5, they need to pledge.
Taslima Nasrin (also Taslima Nasreen, born 25 August 1962) is a Bangladeshi-Swedish writer, physician, feminist, secular humanist and human rights activist.
She is known for her writing on women's oppression and criticism of religion, despite forced exile and multiple fatwas calling for her death.
Her father was a physician, and a professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Mymensingh Medical College, also at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College.
After living more than a decade in Europe and the United States, she moved to India in 2004, but was banished from the country in 2008, although she has been staying in Kolkata, India on a resident permit long-term, multiple-entry or 'X' visa since 2004.
She has been unable to return either to her home in Bangladesh or to her adopted home of West Bengal, India.
After high school in 1976 (SSC) and higher secondary studies in college (HSC) in 1978, she studied medicine at the Mymensingh Medical College, an affiliated medical college of the University of Dhaka and graduated in 1984 with an MBBS degree.
After graduation, she worked at a family planning clinic in Mymensingh, then practised at the gynaecology department of Mitford hospital and at the anaesthesia department of Dhaka Medical College hospital.
While she studied and practised medicine, she saw girls who had been raped; she also heard women cry out in despair in the delivery room if their baby was a girl.
Early in her literary career, Nasrin wrote mainly poetry, and published half a dozen collections of poetry between 1982 and 1993, often with female oppression as a theme, and often containing very graphic language.
Nasrin suffered a number of physical and other attacks for her critical scrutiny of Islam and her demand for women's equality.
After spending two months in hiding, at the end of 1994 she escaped to Sweden, consequently ceasing her medical practice and becoming a full-time writer and activist.
After she was physically attacked by Muslim fanatics in Hyderabad, she was forced to live under house arrest in Kolkata and finally she was thrown out of West Bengal in 22 November 2007.
She was not allowed to live in India for a while, but ultimately Nasrin, determined to live in the subcontinent, moved to India from the US.
She never got a Bangladeshi passport to return to the country when her mother, and later her father, were on their death beds.
In 2004, she was granted a renewable temporary residential permit by India and moved to Kolkata in the state of West Bengal, which shares a common heritage and language with Bangladesh; in an interview in 2007, after she had been forced to flee, she called Kolkata her home.
The government of India extended her visa to stay in the country on a periodic basis, though it refused to grant her Indian citizenship.
While she was in Hyderabad releasing Telugu translations of her work, she was attacked by party members led by 3 MLAs- Mohammed Muqtada Khan, Mohammed Moazzam Khan and Syed Ahmed Pasha Quadri - were then charged and arrested.
A week later, on 17 August, Muslim leaders in Kolkata revived an old fatwa against her, urging her to leave the country and offering an unlimited amount of money to anybody who would kill her.
The government of India kept Nasrin in an undisclosed location in New Delhi, effectively under house arrest, for more than seven months.
In January 2008, she was selected for the Simone de Beauvoir award in recognition of her writing on women's rights, but declined to go to Paris to receive the award.
The house arrest quickly acquired an international dimension: in a letter to London-based human rights organisation Amnesty International, India's former foreign secretary Muchkund Dubey urged the organisation to pressure the Indian government so Nasrin could safely return to Kolkata.
She eventually returned to India, but was forced to stay in New Delhi as the West Bengal government refused to permit her entry..
In 2015 Nasrin was supposedly threatened with death by Al Qaeda-linked extremists, and so the Center for Inquiry assisted her in traveling to the United States, where she now lives.
She succeeded in attracting a wider readership when she started writing columns in late 1980s, and, in the early 1990s, she began writing novels, for which she has won significant acclaim.
In all, she has written more than thirty books of poetry, essays, novels, short stories, and memoirs, and her books have been translated into 20 different languages.
Her own experience of sexual abuse during adolescence and her work as a gynaecologist influenced her a great deal in writing about the alleged treatment of women in Islam and against religion in general.
Her writing is characterised by two connected elements: her struggle with the Islam of her native culture, and her feminist philosophy.
She cites Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir as influences, and, when pushed to think of one closer to home, Begum Rokeya, who lived during the time of undivided Bengal.
Her feminist views and anti-religion remarks articles succeeded in drawing broad attention, and she shocked the religious and conservative society of Bangladesh by her radical comments and suggestions.
Taslima has always advocated for an Indian Uniform civil code, and said that criticism of Islam is the only way to establish secularism in Islamic countries.
Her memoirs are renowned for their candidness, which has led to a number of them being banned in Bangladesh and India.
Steve Lacy, the jazz soprano saxophonist, met Nasrin in 1996 and collaborated with her on an adaptation of her poetry to music.
Initially, Nasrin was to recite during the performance, but these recitations were dropped after the 1996 Berlin world premiere because of security concerns.
Nasrin replied that she wrote about known people without their permission when some commented that she did it to earn fame.
Recently she was supported and defended by personalities such as author Mahasweta Devi, theatre director Bibhas Chakrabarty, poet Joy Goswami, artist Prakash Karmakar and Paritosh Sen.
In India, noted writers Arundhati Roy, Girish Karnad, and others defended her when she was under house arrest in Delhi in 2007, and co-signed a statement calling on the Indian government to grant her permanent residency in India or, should she ask for it, citizenship.
This overlapped with the Provisional Government which was put in place after the approval of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in January 1922.
The most recently devolved branch of Northern Ireland is known as the Northern Ireland Executive, established under the Good Friday Agreement.
Since 1921, Northern Ireland has been governed by two other devolved cabinets: Executive Committee of the Privy Council from 1921–72 and the Northern Ireland Executive of 1974.
The social environment, social context, sociocultural context or milieu refers to the immediate physical and social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops.
It includes the culture that the individual was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact.
The interaction may be in person or through communication media, even anonymous or one-way, and may not imply equality of social status.
The physical and social environment is a determining factor in active and healthy aging in place, being a central factor in the study of environmental gerontology.
People with the same social environment often develop a sense of social solidarity; people often tend to trust and help one another, and to congregate in social groups.
In order to enrich their lives, people have used natural resources and in the process have brought about many changes in the natural environment.
All these man-made components are included in our cultural environment, Erving Goffman in particular stressing the deeply social nature of the individual environment.
Max Scheler distinguishes between milieu as an experienced value-world, and the objective social environment on which we draw to create the former, noting that the social environment can either foster or restrain our creation of a personal milieu.
Pierre Janet saw neurosis in part as the product of the identified patient's social environment – family, social network, work etc.
It is situated on the boundary of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and the London Borough of Redbridge, around west of Romford and east of Ilford town centres, and north-east of Charing Cross.
The name was first used in the 17th century for a settlement in the parish of Dagenham in Essex, which later absorbed the neighbouring hamlet of Chadwell Street in the parish of Barking (later Ilford).
After the First World War, the area developed as a residential suburb and formed the northern limit of the Becontree estate, causing an increase in population density.
It was the final residence of Eva Hart, a survivor of the , and a local pub is named after her.
The name was first applied to a settlement on the Barking (later Ilford) side of the ancient boundary between Dagenham and Barking and it was also known as Chadwell Street; 'Street' having the older meaning of a hamlet.
It was the 'end of the line' for both the London tram system and later the electric trolley bus service from Aldgate.
As Chadwell Heath grew it absorbed the neighbouring hamlet of Chadwell Street in the Chadwell ward of the parish of Barking.
During the 1920s and 1930s the local government arrangements of the area came under review and various proposals would have merged the two sections of Chadwell Heath into a single district, however this was not acted upon.
The whole area was considered to form part of the Greater London conurbation and in 1957 formed part of the review area of the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London.
Following the review, in 1965 the London Government Act 1963 abolished the municipal boroughs of Dagenham and Ilford, and transferred their former area from Essex to Greater London, to form part of the new London Borough of Barking and the London Borough of Redbridge.
The London to Colchester Roman Road caused some early 'ribbon' development while much of the rest of the area remained rural.
A large parachute mine also exploded causing extensive residential damage in Bennett Road, destroying the school, while a second failed to explode and its parachute became entangled in horse-chestnut trees near Chadwell Heath station.
It was found by Walter Wiffen, a train guard from Cedar Park Gardens on his way to work at the station early the next morning.
He reported it at the police station, which is now the Eva Hart pub, and oversaw the evacuation of Cedar Park Gardens to the bomb shelter at the corner of Wangey Road and the High Road.
Later, the local council replaced the windows with much more modern frames, and the results provided an incongruous look to the older house designs.
A V2 Rocket destroyed two houses in Woodlands Avenue and damaged the houses that had been repaired after the landmine that had destroyed the Whalebone Junior school in Bennett Road.
Chadwell Heath is split between the Chadwell ward in the London Borough of Redbridge and the Chadwell Heath and Whalebone wards in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, electing councillors to Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council and Redbridge London Borough Council.
In the 2011 census, the combined wards of Chadwell in Redbridge and Chadwell Heath in Barking and Dagenham had a total population of 24,278 people.
The two combined wards had no single ethnic majority, with the largest group being White British people comprising 44.3% of the population.
The next largest groups were Indians (9.5%), Black Africans (9.3%), Black Caribbeans (5.7%), Bangladeshis (5.6%), Pakistanis (5.5%) and Other Whites (5.2%).
Royal Mail includes Chadwell Heath as part of a postcode district (RM6) of the Romford post town, however the town of Romford is in Havering.
One adjacent to St Chad's Park on Alexandra Road, another on Chadwell Heath Lane and a plot in Little Heath next to the Eastern Avenue / A12 (next to the Hargreaves Scout centre).
A teddy bear factory in the same area was the site of the alleged murder of Terry 'Teddy Bear' Eve and others in the 1970s.
Dairy Crest is a major employer in the area and Sunlight laundry Sainsbury's, Nicholls and Clarke, and Tesco are also major employers.
Chadwell Heath is served by London Buses services and TfL Rail at Chadwell Heath railway station which is currently being upgraded as part of the Crossrail Project.
London Buses routes that serve Chadwell Heath are the 62 from Marks Gate 'Billet Road' to Barking 'Gascoigne Estate'; 86 from Romford Station to Stratford Station; 173 from King George Hospital 'Goodmayes' to Beckton Station; 362 from King George Hospital 'Goodmayes' to Grange Hill Station; 368 from Chadwell Heath 'Police Station' to Barking 'Harts Lane' and night bus N86 from Stratford Station to Harold Hill 'Dagnam Park Square'.
There is a former art deco cinema on Chadwell Heath High Road, built in May 1934, and was originally called The Embassy Cinema; later it became part of the Gaumont British Circuit.
During the late 1960s, it was converted into a Bingo Hall - known to many locals as the Mecca Bingo Hall Mecca Bingo.
Recently, the building was listed as an Asset of Community Value by the 'Chadwell Heath South Residents' Association' in August 2017.
The Roman Catholic Church, St Bede's, is on Bishops Avenue, RM6 5RS, and forms part of the overall site of St Bede's Roman Catholic primary school (main entrance on Canon Avenue).
Chadwell Heath has two baptist churches; one is found in the town centre on the High Road opposite Sainsbury's; the other in East Road at its junction with Havering Gardens.
On 10 December 2015, Slaven Bilic, then West Ham manager, announced that from 14 December the club would be moving from the old training ground (at Saville Road) to the new training ground at nearby Rush Green.
Former England and West Ham United player Tony Cottee and former WBO world boxing champion Colin McMillan also attended Warren Comprehensive School.
Boxer Frank Bruno, Cricketer Graham Gooch and Darts player Bobby George lived here, as well as footballers Mark Lazarus and Mark Lazaridos (Leyton Orient).
Jim Peters, the marathon runner who gained worldwide fame when he collapsed and was unable to finish the marathon in the 1954 Empire Games in Vancouver, Canada, lived in Chadwell Heath during the 1950s.
Artist Henry Gillard Glindoni (1852–1913) moved to Chadwell Heath around 1891 and lived in a new villa on the corner of Mill Lane and Whalebone Lane North.
A survivor of the , Eva Hart MBE, was a resident of Japan Road, Chadwell Heath, for many years until her death in 1996.
When the former police station was converted into a public house by Wetherspoon's, it was named after her and remains so today.
Apart from a short stay in Australia, she was a lifelong Chadwell Heath resident; her funeral at St. Chad's church was packed because she was well known in the area.
David Lane, better known as David Ian, the theatre impresario, lived in Brian Road and attended Chadwell Primary School from 1968 to 1972.
Comedian, actor and musician Dudley Moore used to refer to his mother's Baron Road home as 'Chadwell Heath' in television interviews but technically it was in Dagenham.
Former Pontins Bluecoat and Ibiza Dj Gareth Howells resides in the area and is known to frequent several pubs in the area.
The zun or yi, used until the Northern Song (960–1126) is a type of Chinese ritual bronze or ceramic wine vessel with a round or square vase-like form, sometimes in the shape of an animal, first appearing in the Shang dynasty.
Depending on the type of zun vessel, for example the Xi zun, not only was it used to store wine but also used to keep the wine warm.
The most noticeable symbol through the decor is the taotie, known as the demon-face or the face of a sacrificial animal in early Chinese art.
The most visible feature of the mask on the vessel is the protruding animal eyes projecting from the bronze surface in which stares at the viewer.
These animal designs are also iconographically meaningful as the images of the various animals that served as the helpers of shamans and shamanesses (who were believed to have mythical powers) in the tasks of Heaven-Earth, and with the dead-living communication.
The height of the relief may give off the impression of texture or it may emphasize the form of the vessel by being smooth and round like the vessel.
The taller vessel forms may have flanges on the sides that start at the upper lip and follow down to the foot of the vessel.
During the early Western Zhou, there was a zun modeled after a gu but was thicker, larger and the body portion is swelled more than that of a gu.
It has a generous mouth with a flared flat lip, a long neck, projecting shoulder, shallow belly and high ring foot.
The neck has a design of triangular one-legged dragons and the flanges become the noses of the animal face designs below, with curly horns, round protruding eyes and a scrolled tail.
On the shoulder are high-relief designs of dragons with their three-dimensional heads on the centre and their bodies wriggling along the sides.
On the four corners of the shoulder are four protruding rams’ heads with curly horns, the belly of the vessel forming their chests and their legs extending down the ring foot.
This vessel combines the techniques of engraving, high relief and three-dimensional relief in a dignified and refined form with intricately worked designs.
It is a perfect fusion of moulding and artistic design representing the very best of bronze-making by the traditional clay mould technique.
The whole vessel uses thunder pattern as the background, the beak and breast carry cicada pattern, the two sides of the neck carry the Kui pattern (Kui is a legendary dragon with one horn and one foot), the wings carry snake pattern and the tail has the design of a flying owl.
Being the wife of the king, Fuhao involved herself in major state affairs, participated in wars, and presided over sacrificial ceremonies.
This is a tall and large zun, with a trumpet-shaped mouth, girded neck, broad sloping shoulder, belly which narrows at the bottom, and a high ring foot.
The neck is decorated with three narrow bands, the shoulder with three protruding wriggling dragons with upright conical horns, open mouths, extended bodies and coiled tail.
The belly has a design of a tiger, with raised head in high relief and bodies in shallower relief, extending on both sides of the head.
Below the tiger’s head is a squatting man with arms raised above his shoulders, his head inside the jaw of the tiger.
Below both designs is an animal face design with the corner flange of the vessel forming its nose, T-shaped horns and a scrolled tail.
The mixture of the techniques of engraving, high relief and three-dimensional relief on the shoulder and belly combined with the delicate and beautiful designs make this a masterpiece of Shang bronze work.
In ancient times, non-Chinese peoples lived in Huaiyi Region, where this piece was excavated, and it shows the influence of Shang bronzes combined with local features.
Now He Zun is one of the precious cultural relics which can never be exhibited overseas as expressly provided by Chinese government.
This vessel describes the establishment of a royal residence at the new capital five years after King Cheng assumed the throne.
We do not know who his father was nor what role he played in the Zhou conquest, but it is possible that He and his lineage were originally not members of the Zhou tribe.
When the King had completed his address, he bestowed upon He thirty strings of cowries, wherefore has been cast this precious sacrificial vessel for X Gong.
The middle hole can hold a small wine pot so hot water can be poured into the hollow belly from other two holes.
This vessel is in the form of a powerful standing rhinoceros with a raised head with pricked ears and sharp tusks.
Cloud decorations cover the entire body with spirals in between, all inlaid with gold and silver, suggesting the fine hairs of the rhinoceros.
This is a realistic piece with flowing and lively decoration, and deserves to be considered a masterpiece of Western Han gold and silver inlay.
The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on.
Sometimes, especially in the past when communication was more difficult, taxonomists working in isolation have given two distinct names to individual organisms later identified as the same species.
In history, lumpers are those who tend to create broad definitions that cover large periods of time and many disciplines, whereas splitters want to assign names to tight groups of inter-relationships.
For example, if error messages in two narrowly defined classes behave in the same way, the classes can be easily combined.
But if some messages in a broad class behave differently, every object in the class must be examined before the class can be split.
There is no agreement among historical linguists about what amount of evidence is needed for two languages to be safely classified in the same language family.
For this reason, many language families have had lumper–splitter controversies, including Altaic, Pama–Nyungan, Nilo-Saharan, and most of the larger families of the Americas.
At a completely different level, the splitting of a mutually intelligible dialect continuum into different languages, or lumping them into one, is also an issue that continually comes up, though the consensus in contemporary linguistics is that there is no completely objective way to settle the question.
Splitters regard the comparative method (meaning not comparison in general, but only reconstruction of a common ancestor or protolanguage) as the only valid proof of kinship, and consider genetic relatedness to be the question of interest.
Lumpers are more willing to admit techniques like mass lexical comparison or lexicostatistics, and mass typological comparison, and to tolerate the uncertainty of whether relationships found by these methods are the result of linguistic divergence (descent from common ancestor) or language convergence (borrowing).
Earlier American linguists like Morris Swadesh and Edward Sapir also pursued large-scale classifications like , accompanied by controversy similar to that today.
Lumpers, who tend to predominate, try to find a single line of texts from the apostolic age to the fourth century (and later).
Splitters see many parallel and overlapping strands which intermingle and flow apart so that there is not a single coherent path in development of liturgical texts.
Hindu splitters, and individual adherents, often identify themselves as adherents of a religion such as Shaivism, Vaishnavism, or Shaktism according to which deity they believe to be the supreme creator of the universe.
The 1st (Polish) Independent Parachute Brigade was a parachute infantry brigade of the Polish Armed Forces in the West under the command of Major General Stanisław Sosabowski, created in September 1941 during the Second World War and based in Scotland.
Operation Market Garden eventually saw the unit sent into action in support of the British 1st Airborne Division at the Battle of Arnhem in September 1944.
The Poles were initially landed by glider from 18 September, whilst, due to bad weather over England, the parachute section of the Brigade was held up, and jumped on 21 September at Driel on the South bank of the Rhine.
The Poles suffered significant casualties during the next few days of fighting, but still were able, by their presence, to cause around 2,500 German troops to be diverted to deal with them for fear of their supporting the remnants of the 1st Airborne trapped over the lower Rhine in Oosterbeek.
It was finally based in Lincolnshire, close to RAF Spitalgate (Grantham) where it continued training until its eventual departure for Europe after D-Day.
The Brigade was formed by the Polish High Command in exile with the aim of its being used to support the Polish resistance during the nationwide uprising, a plan that encountered opposition from the British, who argued that a single brigade would be of no use against the entire German army stationed in Occupied Poland.
The pressure of the British government eventually caused the Poles to give in and agree to let the Brigade be used on the Western Front.
On 6 June 1944 the unit, originally the only Polish unit directly subordinate to the Polish government in exile and thus independent of the British command, was transferred into the same command structure as all other Polish Forces in the West.
On 27 July, aware of the imminent Warsaw Uprising, the Polish government in exile asked the British government for air support, including dropping the Brigade in the vicinity of Warsaw.
This request was refused on the grounds of the aircraft used by the Brigade did not have enough fuel to reach Warsaw, along with the request to use Soviet airfields being denied.
During the operation, the Brigade's anti-tank battery went into Arnhem on the third day of the battle (19 September), supporting the British paratroopers at Oosterbeek.
Owing to bad weather and a shortage of transport planes, the drop into Driel was delayed by two days, to 21 September.
The British units which were supposed to cover the landing zone were in a bad situation and out of radio contact with the main Allied forces.
Finally, the 2nd Battalion, and elements of the 3rd Battalion, with support troops from the Brigade's Medical Company, Engineer Company and HQ Company, were dropped under German fire east of Driel.
With great difficulty and under German fire from the heights of Westerbouwing on the north bank of the river, the 8th Parachute Company and, later, additional troops from 3rd Battalion, managed to cross the Rhine in two attempts.
In total, about 200 Polish paratroopers made it across in two days, and were able to cover the subsequent withdrawal of the remnants of the British 1st Airborne Division.
On 26 September 1944, the Brigade (now including the 1st Battalion and elements of the 3rd Battalion, who were parachuted near to Grave on 23 September) was ordered to march towards Nijmegen.
In 1945, the Brigade was attached to the Polish 1st Armoured Division and undertook occupation duties in Northern Germany until it was disbanded on 30 June 1947.
Shortly after the war, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands wanted to award the Parachute Brigade and wrote the government a request.
More than 61 years after World War II, the Brigade was awarded the Military Order of William (31 May 2006) for its distinguished and outstanding acts of bravery, skill and devotion to duty during Operation Market Garden.
Leyton Grange (Leyton east London) is the second most deprived area of London Borough of Waltham Forest It include an estate that consists of a 10-storey tower and ten 4-storey courts owned by Forest Homes (see list below).
Leyton Grange is sited in an area of Waltham Forest that overlooks the marshes of the River Lea, east of the city of London.
The Grange was the ancient manor house of Leyton, the name signifying that it was once owned by Stratford Abbey; the first record of it by that name is in 1470.
Leyton Grange was the seat of a branch of the Lane family from 1784 until 1861, when they sold it to the British Land Company who broke it up for development.
Frederick Valentich was an Australian pilot who disappeared while on a training flight in a Cessna 182L light aircraft registered VH-DSJ, over Bass Strait on the evening of Saturday, 21 October 1978.
He had twice applied to enlist in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) but was rejected because of inadequate educational qualifications.
Valentich was studying part-time to become a commercial pilot but had a poor achievement record, having twice failed all five commercial licence examination subjects, and as recently as the previous month had failed three more commercial licence subjects.
He had been involved in flying incidents, for example, straying into a controlled zone in Sydney, for which he received a warning, and twice deliberately flying into a cloud, for which prosecution was being considered.
According to his father, Guido, Valentich was an ardent believer in UFOs and had been worried about being attacked by them.
Valentich then reported that the aircraft was approaching him from the east and said the other pilot might be purposely toying with him.
A sea and air search was undertaken that included oceangoing ship traffic, an RAAF Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft, plus eight civilian aircraft.
If this were the case, the lights he thought he saw would be his own aircraft's lights, reflected in the water; he would then have crashed into the water.
However, the model Cessna he was piloting could not have flown inverted for long as it has a gravity feed fuel system, meaning that its engine would have cut out very quickly.
McGaha and Nickell also propose that the apparently stationary, overhead lights that Valentich reported were probably the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury, along with the bright star Antares, which would have behaved in a way consistent with Valentich's description.
The group Ground Saucer Watch, based in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, claims that photos taken that day by plumber Roy Manifold show a fast-moving object exiting the water near Cape Otway Lighthouse.
Even though included in the Indonesian Maluku province political division, the southwestern islands are geographically part of the Lesser Sunda Islands.
The Barat Daya Islands, together with Timor, the Leti Islands, and Alor, are designated as the Timor and Wetar deciduous forests ecoregion.
Together with Timor, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and most of Maluku, the Barat Daya Islands are part of Wallacea, the group of Indonesian islands that are separated by deep water from both the Australian and Asian continental shelves.
The islands of Wallacea have never been linked by land to either Asia or Australia, and as a result have few mammals and a mix of flora and fauna from both continents.
The islands are part of the Inner Banda Arc, a volcanic island arc created by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
Romang and Damar are volcanic; Wetar consists mostly of oceanic crust that was pushed to the surface by the colliding plates.
The Barat Daya and Banda islands constitute an inner arc; the outer arc, which includes Timor, the Tanimbar Islands, and the Kai Islands, is mostly made up of oceanic crust lifted up by the collision, and wraps around south and east of the inner arc.
Unlike much of the rest of the Maluku Islands, the Barat Daya Islands did not participate in the inter-island trade over the centuries.
Lea Bridge is a district in the London Borough of Hackney and the London Borough of Waltham Forest in London, England.
The area it takes its name from a bridge built over the River Lea in 1745, and the Lea Bridge Road which leads through the area and across the bridge.
The bridge also gives its name to a ward in Waltham Forest (Lea Bridge) on the eastern, Leyton, bank of the river.
A toll house was built on the west bank of the river in 1757, and the bridge rebuilt in iron in 1820–1.
The area contains large amounts of open space, dominated by Millfields recreation grounds, south of which is the site of the coal-fired Millfields power station, now disused except as a sub-station.
This was built in 1901, well before the creation of the National Grid in 1938, a period when power had to be generated near to the consumer.
Lea Bridge gives ready access to the lower reaches of the extensive Lee Valley Park, which stretches for about on both banks of the river.
To the south are the Hackney Marshes, and beyond Leyton Marsh to the north are the Walthamstow Marshes and Nature Reserve.
Below the bridge, the river flows over the Middlesex Filter Beds Weir, marking the boundary with Leyton and providing the supply for the former East London Waterworks Company.
The old Middlesex Filter Beds have been converted into a nature reserve, and on the Leyton side the corresponding Essex Filter Beds are now a reserve for birds.
The Lee Navigation continues south in an artificial channel known as 'Hackney Cut', to the next lock at Old Ford (about 1.7 miles), where the natural channel rejoins the Navigation after its meander towards Leyton.
Lea Bridge Road is well served by buses having eight bus routes in total, two of which are night routes, and one 24-hour route.
Buses in the area include routes 48, 55, 56, 58 and W19, with the addition of night routes N38, N55 and 24-hour operated route 158.
Francis Richard Lubbock (October 16, 1815June 22, 1905) was the ninth Governor of Texas and was in office during the American Civil War.
During his tenure, he supported Confederate conscription, working to draft all able-bodied men, including resident aliens, into the Confederate States Army.
It was part of an outbreak of violence, often caused by Confederate or state troops, in North Texas in the early years of the war.
The Pawtucket Red Sox (known colloquially as the PawSox) are a professional minor league baseball team based in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
After enduring three different owners, at least two threats to move the team elsewhere, and bankruptcy, the PawSox were purchased from the International League by local industrialist Ben Mondor in January 1977.
On February 23, 2015, the team was sold to a group headed by then-Boston Red Sox president and chief executive officer Larry Lucchino and Rhode Island attorney James J. Skeffington.
Thwarted in two attempts to replace McCoy Stadium with a new facility (first in adjacent Providence, then in a downtown site in Pawtucket), the PawSox announced on August 17, 2018, that they will move to Worcester, Massachusetts, away, in 2021.
The first team to be dubbed the Pawtucket Red Sox debuted at McCoy Stadium in 1970 as a member of the Double-A Eastern League.
The franchise, owned by former Major League shortstop Joe Buzas, had spent the previous five seasons (1965–69) as the Pittsfield Red Sox after playing in four different Pennsylvania cities—Allentown, Johnstown, York and Reading—over seven years (1958–64).
After three seasons, Pawtucket's Eastern League franchise moved to Bristol, Connecticut, in 1973 to make room for the Triple-A PawSox, the former Louisville Colonels of the International League.
Shortstop Rick Burleson and first baseman Cecil Cooper are among the players who toiled for both the Double-A and Triple-A versions of the team.
This first edition of the PawSox franchise played for ten seasons as the Bristol Red Sox and then spent 33 seasons (1983–2015) in New Britain, Connecticut, the last 21 of them as the Rock Cats.
The Pawtucket Slaters, a Boston Braves farm club in the Class B New England League, represented the city from 1946 to 1949, when the NEL disbanded.
After the American Association and its Louisville Colonels franchise folded in 1962 and the American League owners voted down Charlie O. Finley's agreement to move the Kansas City A's to Louisville in 1964, Louisville was ready for the return of baseball.
In 1968 the Maple Leafs, the Red Sox' top minor league club since 1965, were bought by Walter J. Dilbeck and moved to Louisville where they became the new Louisville Colonels and retained their affiliation with the Red Sox.
However, the stadium was later used by the latter-day Louisville Redbirds club, setting minor league attendance records and outdrawing several major league teams.
Following the 1972 season, the Louisville Colonels of the International League moved to McCoy Stadium and became the Pawtucket Red Sox, with Buzas taking over as owner.
The first Triple-A team was a success on the field, led by future major leaguers Cecil Cooper and Dick Pole, winning the 1973 Governors' Cup Championship in their inaugural year in the league over the Charleston Charlies.
While the parent club was on their way to the 1975 World Series, the 1975 PawSox finished with a 53–87 mark.
Although it appeared the Red Sox's stay in the Pawtucket area was about to come to an end, retired Lincoln businessman Ben Mondor stepped in and made sure the team remained in the city.
While the PawSox rebounded to win the regular-season pennant, they only drew 1,000 fans per game—believed to be the fewest for a first-place team in the history of the International League.
After several years of playing in a stadium that was barely suitable for a Triple-A team, in 1998 Mondor and team president Mike Tamburro oversaw the transformation of McCoy Stadium from an aging 1942 relic into its renovated form.
The PawSox led the league in attendance in 2008, when 636,788 fans saw baseball at McCoy, an average of 9,097 for each of the 70 openings.
Kevin Youkilis played for the team in 2003, and completed a streak he started while in Portland: he reached base in 71 consecutive games, tying future teammate Kevin Millar's minor-league records for consecutive games reaching base.
The 1984 team defeated the now-defunct Maine Guides 3–2 to win the 1984 Governors' Cup trophy for their second championship in Pawtucket Red Sox history.
BoSox vice president Haywood Sullivan stepped in and sent Pawtucket 48 sets of old home and away uniforms from the parent club.
On November 29, 2014, it was reported that members of the Boston Red Sox' ownership group were in the process of purchasing the PawSox from Madeleine Mondor and two long-time executives who also held stock in the team: president Tamburro and vice president and general manager Lou Schwechheimer.
Other partners included Rhode Island businessmen Bernard Cammarata, William P. Egan, Habib Gorgi, J. Terrence Murray and Thomas M. Ryan, as well as Fenway Sports Management (a division of the BoSox' parent company, Fenway Sports Group), and two limited partners in FSG, Arthur E. Nicholas and Frank M. Resnek.
That day, the new owners also announced their intention to move the team out of McCoy Stadium and build a new baseball park six miles (9.65 km) to the south in downtown Providence, and begin play there as early as 2017.
That name was previously used by the 1976 edition of the PawSox, before Mondor purchased the team and restored its Pawtucket identity.
In the weeks following announcement of the sale, Skeffington led a media tour of the proposed new stadium site on the Providence River and, with Lucchino, served as a point person in negotiations with state and local officials over public financing arrangements for the new park.
However, Skeffington, 73, died from a heart attack while jogging near his Barrington home on May 17, 2015, disrupting the team's efforts to secure an agreement with Rhode Island officials.
Then, on August 1, Lucchino announced his retirement as the CEO and president of the Boston Red Sox, effective at the end of the season.
In the wake of the setback, Lucchino said that the team preferred to remain in Rhode Island, but neither he nor other PawSox officials immediately commented about possible alternative locations.
On November 5, Skeffington's position was filled when Dr. Charles Steinberg, longtime Lucchino aide and public affairs and PR executive with four big-league teams, including the Red Sox, became club president.
Tamburro remained on board as vice chairman, and Dan Rea III became the PawSox' new general manager, after Schwechheimer departed to join an ownership group that purchased the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs.
Amidst the uncertainty over its longterm home, Steinberg committed the team to remaining in Pawtucket for five seasons, through 2020, and to rebuilding its relationship with its fans.
During the summer of 2016, the city, state and team began a feasibility study to determine the extent of needed renovations to McCoy Stadium.
That study concluded that renovating McCoy would cost $68 million, while building a new stadium on the site would cost $78 million.
On May 16, 2017, a downtown Pawtucket stadium proposal, The Ballpark at Slater Mill, was jointly announced by Lucchino and Pawtucket's mayor, Donald Grebien.
The ballpark, to be built on a site bracketed by Interstate 95 and the Blackstone River, would cost an estimated $83 million, with the team footing $45 million, the state $23 million, and the city the remaining $15 million.
But when the stadium project went before the Rhode Island General Assembly in 2018, the financing formula was amended to shift the risk of borrowing money from the state to investors, thus exposing them to potentially higher interest rates.
The announcement capped a concerted three-year effort by Worcester and Massachusetts officials and local business leaders to woo the PawSox to anchor a downtown redevelopment that includes the stadium, new housing, a hotel, a parking garage and redesign of the Kelley Square intersection.
Details of the letter of intent were not disclosed, pending its review by the Worcester City Council and Minor League Baseball.
The PawSox played in and won the longest game in professional baseball history, a 33-inning affair against the Rochester Red Wings at McCoy Stadium.
Only one inning was needed, with the PawSox winning 3–2 in the bottom of the 33rd when first baseman Dave Koza drove in the leadoff hitter, second baseman Marty Barrett, with a bases-loaded single off Steve Grilli, the Red Wings losing pitcher who was not even on the team's roster back in April.
They are owner Ben Mondor, manager Joe Morgan, outfielder Jim Rice, third baseman Wade Boggs, and then-team president Mike Tamburro, now their Vice Chairman.
Several former PawSox players have also been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, including Carlton Fisk, Boggs and Rice.
In July 2016, Rice, Boggs, and Mondor (represented by his widow Madeleine) became the inaugural class of inductees into the PawSox Hall of Fame.
The PawSox have won the Governors' Cup, the championship of the IL, four times, and played in the championship series nine times.
They have also played in the championship of Triple-A baseball on three occasions: in 1973 they defeated the Tulsa Oilers 4 games to 1 in the Junior World Series, in 2012 they fell to the Reno Aces 10–3 in the Triple-A National Championship Game, and in 2014, the team was defeated by the Omaha Storm Chasers 4-2.
First are the years with the teams they have broadcast for, and second are the years the broadcaster was with the Red Sox.
On April 24, 2013, it was announced that current broadcaster Bob Socci would become the New England Patriots play-by-play broadcaster starting with the 2013 season.
Other former Pawtucket announcers include Bob Kurtz of the NHL's Minnesota Wild, Dave Shea, who spent time with the Washington Nationals, Bob Rodgers, Jack LeFaivre, Matt Pinto, and Mike Stenhouse.
The extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) proposes that some unidentified flying objects (UFOs) are best explained as being physical spacecraft occupied by extraterrestrial life or non-human aliens, or non occupied alien probes from other planets visiting Earth.
It was used in a publication by French engineer Aimé Michel in 1967, by James E. McDonald in a symposium in March 1968 and again by McDonald and James Harder while testifying before the Congressional Committee on Science and Astronautics, in July 1968.
In the early part of the 20th century, Charles Fort collected accounts of anomalous physical phenomena from newspapers and scientific journals, including many reports of extraordinary aerial objects.
Fort's reports of aerial phenomena were frequently cited in American newspapers when the UFO phenomenon first attracted widespread media attention in June and July 1947.
The modern ETH—specifically, the implicit linking of unidentified aircraft and lights in the sky to alien life—took root during the late 1940s and took its current form during the 1950s.
Unlike earlier speculation of extraterrestrial life, interest in the ETH was also bolstered by many unexplained sightings investigated by the U.S. government and governments of other countries, as well as private civilian groups, such as NICAP and APRO.
H. G. Wells, in his 1898 science fiction classic The War of the Worlds, popularized the idea of Martian visitation and invasion.
From the 1920s the idea of alien visitation in space ships was commonplace in popular comic strips and radio and movie serials such as Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon.
On June 24, 1947, at about 3:00 p.m. local time, pilot Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine unidentified disk-shaped aircraft flying near Mount Rainier.
When no aircraft emerged that seemed to account for what he had seen, Arnold quickly considered the possibility of the objects being extraterrestrial.
On July 7, 1947, two stories came out where Arnold was raising the topic of possible extraterrestrial origins, both as his opinion and those who had written to him.
When the 1947 flying saucer wave hit the U.S., there was much speculation in the newspapers about what they might be in news stories, columns, editorials, and letters to the editor.
On July 8, Dewitt Miller was quoted by UP saying that the saucers had been seen since the early nineteenth century.
Other articles brought up the work of Charles Fort, who earlier in the 20th Century had documented numerous reports of unidentified flying objects that had been written up in newspapers and scientific journals.
Even if people thought the saucers were real, most were generally unwilling to leap to the conclusion that they were extraterrestrial in origin.
Various popular theories began to quickly proliferate in press articles, such as secret military projects, Russian spy devices, hoaxes, optical illusions, and mass hysteria.
These attitudes seem to be reflected in the results of the first US poll of public UFO perceptions released by Gallup on August 14, 1947.
As to what people thought explained them, the poll further showed that most people either held no opinion or refused to answer the question (33%), or generally believed that there was a mundane explanation.
A follow-up study by the Air Materiel Command intelligence and engineering departments at Wright Field Ohio led to the formation the U.S. Air Force's Project Sign at the end of 1947, the first official U.S. military UFO study.
In 1948, Project Sign wrote their Estimate of the Situation, which concluded that the remaining unidentified sightings were best explained by the ETH.
The report ultimately was rejected by the USAF Chief of Staff, General Hoyt Vandenberg, citing a lack of physical evidence, and its existence was not publicly disclosed until 1956 by later Project Blue Book director Edward J. Ruppelt.
With this official policy in place, all subsequent public Air Force reports concluded that there was either insufficient evidence to link UFOs and ETH, or that UFOs did not warrant investigation.
Immediately following the great UFO wave of 1952 and military debunking of the radar and visual sightings plus jet interceptions over Washington, D.C. in August, the CIA’s Office of Scientific Investigation took particular interest in UFOs.
However, others within the CIA, such as the Psychological Strategy Board, were more concerned about how an unfriendly power such as the Soviet Union might use UFOs for psychological warfare purposes, exploit the gullibility of the public for the sensational, and clog intelligence channels.
Under a directive from the National Security Council to review the problem, in January 1953, the CIA organized the Robertson Panel, a group of scientists who quickly reviewed the Blue Book’s best evidence, including motion pictures and an engineering report that concluded that the performance characteristics were beyond that of earthly craft.
An official policy of public debunkery was recommended using the mass media and authority figures in order to influence public opinion and reduce the number of UFO reports.
Within a few years, belief in ETH had increased due to the activities of people such as retired U.S. Marine Corps officer Maj. Donald E. Keyhoe, who campaigned to raise public awareness of the UFO phenomenon.
By 1957, 25% of Americans responded that they either believed, or were willing to believe, in ETH, while 53% responded that they were not (though a majority of these respondents indicated they thought UFOs to be real but of earthly origin).
For example, a 1997 Gallup poll of the U.S. public indicated that 87% knew about UFOs, 48% believed them to be real (vs. 33% who thought them to be imaginary), and 45% believed UFOs had visited Earth.
Support for the extraterrestrial hypothesis in the last decade has seen a decline as the proliferation of smartphone camera technology across the population has not led to a significant increase in recorded UFO sightings.
This goes counter to the predictions of supporters of the extraterrestrial hypothesis, even causing a crisis of confidence among some within the informal UFO research community.
The scientific community has shown very little support for the ETH, and has largely accepted the explanation that reports of UFOs are the result of people misinterpreting common objects or phenomena, or are the work of hoaxers.
An informal poll done by Sturrock in 1973 of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics members found that about 10% of them believed that UFOs were vehicles from outer space.
The primary scientific arguments against ETH were summarized by astronomer and UFO researcher J. Allen Hynek during a presentation at the 1983 MUFON Symposium, where he outlined seven key reasons why he could not accept the ETH.
According to Hynek, points 1 through 6 could be argued, but point 7 represented an insurmountable barrier to the validity of the ETH.
Despite public interest, NASA considers the study of ETH to be irrelevant to its work because of the number of false leads that a study would provide, and the limited amount of usable scientific data that it would yield.
A frequent concept in ufology and popular culture is that the true extent of information about UFOs is being suppressed by some form of conspiracy of silence, or by an official cover-up that is acting to conceal information.
A survey carried out by Industrial Research magazine in 1971 showed that more Americans believed the government was concealing information about UFOs (76%) than believed in the existence of UFOs (54%), or in ETH itself (32%).
Other private or governmental studies, some secret, have concluded in favor of the ETH, or have had members who disagreed with official conclusions against the conclusion by committees and agencies to which they belonged.
In November 2011, the White House released an official response to two petitions asking the U.S. government to acknowledge formally that aliens have visited Earth and to disclose any intentional withholding of government interactions with extraterrestrial beings.
The response further noted that efforts, like SETI, the Kepler space telescope and the NASA Mars rover, continue looking for signs of life.
She is a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1990 to 1993 and 1996 to 2010, representing the Division of McEwen in Victoria.
Bailey was secretary of the Yarra Glen branch of the Liberal Party from 1984 to 1988 and President of the branch from 1988 to 1989.
She became the first female Liberal candidate elected to a Victorian seat, and the first woman elected to represent a rural electorate.
It includes several outer northern suburbs of Melbourne that tilt heavily to Labor, while the more rural portion votes equally heavily for the Liberals and Nationals.
The result was challenged in the High Court of Australia in its capacity as the Court of Disputed Returns, and was referred to the Federal Court of Australia.
Over seven months after the election and a review of 643 individual votes, the court altered the formal status of several dozen, eventually declaring Bailey the winner by 27 votes.
The Ealing comedies is an informal name for a series of comedy films produced by the London-based Ealing Studios during the period 1947 to 1957.
Other wartime comedies featuring actors such as Tommy Trinder, Will Hay and George Formby were generally in a broader music hall tradition and had little in common with the later Ealing comedy films.
The armed robbery proves surprisingly successful, but things start to go wrong when they attempt to melt down their haul into model Eiffel Towers.
The gang agree that she has to be murdered before she can go to the police, but prove incapable of doing this, and begin turning on each other instead.
It parodies detective fiction with a young man setting himself up in business as a private detective after receiving a windfall of £100.
The film was closer in style to traditional 1930s comedy, rather than the type of films Ealing had become known for over the previous decade.
Ambrose tries to revive the pier crossing swords with the local council who have a scheme to redevelop the entire seafront, personally enriching themselves while ruining him.
Ambrose battles them by severing his connection with the shore, registering his pier as a ship under a foreign flag, and marketing it as a tourist destination for those too seasick to go on cruises.
Mischief Makers, released in Japan as is a 1997 side-scrolling platform video game developed by Treasure and published by Enix and Nintendo for the Nintendo 64.
The player assumes the role of Marina, a robotic maid who journeys to rescue her creator from the emperor of Planet Clancer.
The game appeared at the 1997 Electronic Entertainment Expo and was released in Japan on June 27, 1997, and later in the United States, Europe, and Australia.
The story takes place on Planet Clancer, a world on the cusp of civil war due to the actions of its Emperor and his Imperial forces.
A Clancer named Teran substitutes for Marina in several brief areas and uses non-shake mechanics like punching, kicking, and double jumping.
However, Treasure CEO Masato Maegawa said that development for the Nintendo 64 had a harsher learning curve than even the Sega Saturn.
Other than the special attention required to build a single boss in 3D, the team did not use features specific to the Nintendo 64 hardware.
Treasure's CEO said that the company liked to expand into new genres, though they primarily work in genres where the staff had experience.
The publisher sought out Treasure for their reputation in the action game genre, and had approached Treasure several times before the Nintendo 64 project surfaced.
Prior to Nintendo proposing to publish the game in the West, Enix said it had no plans to release the game outside Japan.
When their English localization of the Japanese game finished ahead of schedule, the North American release date was advanced two weeks accordingly.
It was later demonstrated at the 1997 Electronic Entertainment Expo and released in Japan on June 27, 1997, the United States on October 1, and Europe and Australia on January 15, 1998.
He added that the game's puzzles require thought, unlike those in other action/platform games, and that the game's objectives were not clear until after the first few levels.
He liked the bosses, which made the player use all available skills, but felt they were short-lived and easily solved in the context of a short game with tutorials as one fifth of its levels.
He did not consider the ending extension a suitable reward for returning to the levels, and predicted that most players would not finish the game more than once.
In the 1960s, Post adapted its process for enclosing food in foil to keep it fresh without spoiling—first used for dog food—to its new toaster-prepared breakfast food.
Intended to complement its cold cereals, Post announced its new product to the press in 1963 before they went to market.
Because Post had revealed Country Squares before they were ready to be put in the marketplace, Post's biggest competitor, Kellogg, was able to develop its own version in six months.
The product, advertised by an animated, anthropomorphic toaster named Milton, became so popular that Kellogg could not keep up with demand.
Originally not frosted when first introduced in 1964, it was later determined that frosting could withstand the toaster, and the first frosted Pop-Tarts were officially released in 1967.
The case gained wider notoriety when humor columnist Dave Barry wrote a column about starting a fire in his own toaster with Pop-Tarts.
In 1994, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi professor Patrick Michaud performed an experiment showing that when left in the toaster too long, strawberry Pop-Tarts could produce flames over a foot high.
The ads employ squiggly animation, surrealist humor, and non sequitur, all of which bear a strong resemblance to the signature work of animator Don Hertzfeldt.
However, Hertzfeldt was not involved in any way with these advertisements and in 2006 was considering possible litigation for stealing his work.
They were bigger and thicker than regular Pop-Tarts, with less icing, and came in flavors like Cherry Cheese Danish and Cinnamon Cream.
Pop-Tarts announced to launch its breakfast on-the-go snack with three new flavors based on Jolly Rancher candy: green apple, cherry, and watermelon.
The American Heart Association (AHA) says that daily allotted sugar for men should be no more than 36 grams, women no more than 24 grams and depending on the age of the child no more than 23 grams.
This decision has since been reversed and current boxes of Pop-Tarts continue to pronounce that the product is 'made with real fruit'.
Fox's U-bet chocolate syrup is a commercial chocolate syrup originally made by H. Fox & Company in Brooklyn, New York starting in 1900.
Egg cream purists and fans of the original early 20th-century formulation of U-Bet sometimes seek out the kosher-for-Passover version of the syrup, which is made with cane sugar instead of the corn syrup sweetener base used the rest of the year.
Tudjaat were Madeleine Allakariallak and Phoebe Atagotaaluk, two Inuit women from Nunavut, Canada who are known for their recordings and performances of traditional Inuit throat singing.
Tudjaat was founded in 1994 after producer Randall Prescott heard Allakariallak perform as part of a backup chorus with Susan Aglukark's third CD.
When he learned that Atagotaaluk, her cousin, was also a throat singer, he arranged to have the pair brought together with several backup musicians for a recording session which combined their traditional singing with modern guitar, keyboard, bass and drum music.
The song, which describes the forced exile of a group of Inuit to the High Arctic in the last century, is a tribute to those who suffered and died as a consequence of a government decision.
After the short-lived career of Tudjaat, Allakariallak worked for the CBC Northern Service and then in 2005 became a news host on the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network.
He has since founded a new media and technology company called WndrCo and is the founder of Quibi, a short-form mobile video platform.
Katzenberg was born in New York City, to a Jewish family, the son of Anne, an artist, and Walter Katzenberg, a stockbroker.
Katzenberg began his career as an assistant to producer David Picker, then in 1974 he became an assistant to Barry Diller, the chairman of Paramount Pictures.
Katzenberg was responsible for reviving the studio which, at the time, ranked last at the box office among the major studios.
In addition, Katzenberg also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney and the deal that brought Miramax Films into Disney.
Concerns arose internally at Disney, particularly from Roy E. Disney, about Katzenberg taking too much credit for the success of Disney's early 1990s releases.
After Wells died in a helicopter crash in 1994, Eisner assumed Wells' duties instead of promoting Katzenberg to the vacated position of president.
Katzenberg launched a lawsuit against Disney to recover money he felt he was owed and settled out of court for an estimated $250 million.
Later in 1994, Katzenberg co-founded DreamWorks SKG with Steven Spielberg and David Geffen, with Katzenberg taking primary responsibility for animation operations.
Since then, DreamWorks' animated feature films have been consistently successful financially and critically with several Annie Awards and Academy Awards nominations and wins.
In 2004, DreamWorks Animation (DWA) was spun off from DreamWorks as a separate company headed by Katzenberg in an IPO and has recorded mostly profitable quarters since then.
It was reported that Katzenberg receives an airfare allowance of $1.5 million per year, which was the most of all media-company CEOs.
Following NBCUniversal's acquisition of DreamWorks Animation in 2016, Katzenberg left his position of CEO at DWA and has been named chairman of DreamWorks New Media, consisting of DWA's interests in AwesomenessTV and Nova.
In January 2017, reports surfaced that he had raised nearly $600 million from investors for a new venture called WndrCo, which will invest in new media and technology companies.
It was reported that Obama arrived in Los Angeles on October 7, 2012, where he joined Bill Clinton at Katzenberg's Beverly Hills home for a private meeting with several deep-pocketed Democratic donors.
Obama's campaign indicated the meeting was to thank supporters, but some members of the campaign finance committee said that it involved the pro-Obama PAC Priorities USA Action.
Katzenberg, who had previously donated $2 million to the pro-Obama PAC Priorities USA Action, donated an additional $1 million in October 2012.
In June 2016, the Democratic National Committee cyber attacks allege that Katzenberg donated $3 million to the Hillary Clinton campaign, though this information has not been verified.
In October 2016, he hosted a $100,000-per-person fundraiser at his Beverly Hills residence with President Barack Obama as the main attraction.
The Securities and Exchange Commission launched an investigation in April 2012 into accusations that Katzenberg had bribed Chinese officials in an effort to obtain distribution rights, as Joe Biden was negotiating a deal to increase film quotas.
When the White House announced its opposition to the bill in January 2012, Chris Dodd, the former Senator and head of the Motion Picture Association of America, the film industry's lobbying organization, contacted Katzenberg to obtain more information about the president's plans.
Obama would take the advice, making Katzenberg one of the few Hollywood executives working on brokering a compromise with Silicon Valley.
In addition to serving as Chairman of the Board for the Motion Picture and Television Fund Foundation, Katzenberg sits on the boards or serves as a trustee of AIDS Project Los Angeles, American Museum of the Moving Image, California Institute of the Arts, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Geffen Playhouse, Michael J.
In recognition of his efforts, Katzenberg received the 85th Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award at the 2012 American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Governors Awards Presentation on December 1 at The Ray Dolby Ballroom at Hollywood & Highland Center.
Katzenberg is reported to have donated over $3.5 million in political contributions since 1979: 33% ($1.171+ million) to Democrats, 66% ($2.33+ million) to special interest groups without party affiliations, and less than 1% ($7,000) to Republicans.
He was awarded the Honorary degree of Doctor of Arts from Ringling College of Art and Design on May 2, 2008.
The Realistic DX-300 is a shortwave radio manufactured by General Research of Electronics (GRE) of Chiba, Japan and marketed in the United States by Radio Shack (Tandy Corporation) from late 1978 through 1979.
The radio's theory of operation is based on the principle of the Wadley Loop and was one of the first radios marketed by Tandy Corporation to have a digital frequency display.
Tim Renton, who rarely uses his first name of Ronald, won scholarships to Eton College and Magdalen College, Oxford, and graduated with a first class degree in History.
He served as a Minister of State in both the Foreign Office and the Home Office, and served as Margaret Thatcher's Chief Whip (Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury) between 1989 and 1990.
After standing down from the Commons at the 1997 General Election, he was created a life peer in the 1997 Dissolution Honours; on 9 June 1997 as Baron Renton of Mount Harry, of Offham in the County of East Sussex, and took his seat in the House of Lords.
The couple live in Offham near Lewes in East Sussex and have a holiday home on the Hebridean island of Tiree.
Their four surviving children are Alexander James Torre (a journalist and author), Christian Louise, Daniel Charles Antony and (Katherine) Chelsea, who is an artist.
The Realistic DX-302 is a general coverage (long-wave, medium-wave, and short-wave) radio manufactured by General Research of Electronics (GRE) of Chiba, Japan and marketed in the United States by Radio Shack (Tandy Corporation) from 1980 through 1982.
The radio's theory of operation is based on the principle of the Wadley Loop tuner (developed by Trevor Wadley in the 1960s), and was one of the first radios marketed by Tandy Corporation to have a digital frequency display.
The main function of elaioplasts are synthesis and storage of fatty acids, terpenes, and other lipids, and they can be found in the embryonic leaves of oilseeds, citrus fruits, as well as the anthers of many flowering plants.
The elaioplast specifically is primarily responsible for the storage and metabolism of lipids, among these roles, recent studies have shown that these organelles participate in the formation of terpenes and fatty acids.
Lipids found inside elaioplasts mirror those synthesized by prokaryotes, chiefly triacylglycerol and sterol esters, which cluster into the droplets visible by microscope.
As for their other components, elaioplasts also contain plastoglobuli associated proteins such as fibrillins, a protein family believed to be retained from the cyanobacterial ancestors of plastids.
Alongside the tapetosomes (clusters of oil and proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum), elaioplasts are frequently found in the tapetum of angiosperm anthers, where their products, oil from the plastid and protein from the tapetosome, are used to form the pollen coat of developing grains.
Found also in oilseeds, elaioplasts in this group provide lipids to be converted into carbohydrates which will serve as fuel in the embryo's germination.
Citrus specimens have been shown to have especially high amounts of elaioplasts in their fruit peels, where they are essential to the production of terpenes.
Within the plant, elaioplasts, as well as all other plastids, arise from proplastids in the dividing portion of the stem (meristem).
These proplastids have not yet differentiated and, as such, can develop into any variety of known plastids, determined by the tissues they are present in.
In the anthers of flowering plants, elaioplasts represent the final stage of plastid development within the tapetum, either emerging directly from proplastids or the conversion of other plastids, depending on the species and pollination strategy.
Plastids are hypothesized to have originated with an endosymbiotic event between an ancient eukaryote and cyanobacterial ancestor more than 1 billion years ago, where the bacteria was engulfed by the other and retained where it served as the metabolic center for photosynthesis.
Evidence of this can be observed today in the independent genomes characteristic of plastids, found to be closely related to modern cyanobacteria.
Since their ancient symbiotic event, the plastid genome has been reduced significantly, with the organelles themselves coding for around 100 of the 2500 associated proteins, everything else being transferred to the nuclear genome.
Like most plastids, elaioplasts reproduce through binary fission independent from the division of the parent cell, a feature indicative of their bacterial ancestry.
This fission occurs just before cytokinesis, with the products then being transported to the daughter cells as a component of the cytoplasm.
As a result of the ability to inter-convert between other types of the plastid family, elaioplasts share the same plastome(plastid genome) with all other plastids and are predominately inherited maternally in angiosperms.
As its name implies, maternal inheritance excludes the plastome of the father through one of two ways: during pollen development or in pollen tube formation.
During pollen development, paternal plastids are halted by microfilaments in the cytoskeleton just prior to microspore division or degeneration just after.
Paternal plastome contribution can also be prevented during pollen tube formation, where the plastids are separated from sperm cells as they fuse with the egg.
It incorporated both practical, subject-based schooling and a focus upon the socialization of individuals within the aristocratic order of the polis.
The practical aspects of this education included subjects subsumed under the modern designation of the liberal arts (rhetoric, grammar, and philosophy are examples), as well as scientific disciplines like arithmetic and medicine.
An ideal and successful member of the polis would possess intellectual, moral and physical refinement, so training in gymnastics and wrestling was valued for its effect on the body alongside the moral education which the Greeks believed was imparted by the study of music, poetry, and philosophy.
Arete is a concomitant of what it meant to be a hero and a component of warfare that was necessary in order to succeed.
The mentality of arete can be stretched even further to the competing paideias of the Greek philosophers Isocrates and Plato, who both created highly influential schools in Greece.
Although both rejected the current polis education, their rivalry of rhetoric and science for leadership in the realm of education and culture became one that they could not overcome.
In Antidosis, Isocrates was compelled to defend himself against accusations that education makes people depraved, a charge that Socrates and Plato openly discuss in Republic.
In Isocrates introductory speech Against the Sophists, it is clear that he has Plato's 'prospectuses' Gorgias and Protagoras, before him, and is deliberately trying to set up his own ideal of paideia in contrast to theirs.
from 1934; see below), uses the concept of paideia to trace the development of Greek thought and education from Homer to Demosthenes.
The concept of paideia was also used by Mortimer Adler in his criticism of contemporary Western educational systems, and Lawrence A. Cremin in his histories of American education.
They spoke of the need for balance as the golden mean—choosing the middle and not either extreme—and believed that beauty was not in the superficialities of color, light, or shade, but in the essence of being, expressed in structure, line, and proportion.
Isocrates' goal was to construct a practice of education and politics that gave validity in the democratic deliberative practice while remaining intellectually respectable.
He wanted to elevate his Athenian audience to the level of philosophia by making them apply, in particular, a principle of intellectual consistency to their lives.
Isocrotean paideia became crucial to the survival of the polis through the identification of rhetorical with political excellence and the elevation of the Isocrotean audience to the status of philosophy.
There are several types of squat toilets, but they all consist essentially of a toilet pan or bowl at floor level.
The user of a sitting toilet can also squat, but this requires extra care as such toilets are not designed for squatting.
A squat toilet may use a water seal and therefore be a flush toilet, or it can be without a water seal and therefore be a dry toilet.
In many of those countries, anal cleansing with water is also the cultural norm and easier to perform than with toilets used in a sitting position.
In contrast to a pedestal or a sitting toilet, the opening of the drain pipe is located at the ground level.
Squatting slabs can be made of porcelain (ceramic), stainless steel, fibreglass, or in the case of low-cost versions in developing countries, with concrete, ferrocement, plastic, or wood covered with linoleum.
Slabs can also be made of wood (timber), but need to be treated with preservatives, such as paint or linoleum, to prevent rotting and to enable thorough cleaning of the squatting slab.
There are two design variations: one where the toilet is level with the ground, and the other where it is raised on a platform approximately 30 cm (1 ft).
The latter is easier to use for men to urinate while standing, but both types can be used for this purpose.
The user stands over the squat toilet facing the hood and pulls down (up in the case of skirts) their trousers and underwear to the knees.
The standing surface of the squatting pan should be kept clean and dry in order to prevent disease transmission and to limit odors.
Squat toilets are usually easier to clean than sitting toilets (pedestals), except that one has to bend down further if the squatting pan needs manual scrubbing.
They can be cleaned by using a mop and hose, together with the rest of the floor space in the toilet room or cubicle.
They are also cheaper to make, they consume less water per flush than Western toilets, and, due to the lack of direct contact with the seat, some people claim that they are more hygienic.
Sitting toilets have a lower risk of soiling clothing or shoes, as urine is less likely to splash on bottom parts of trousers or shoes.
Squat toilets are used in public toilets, rather than household toilets, because they are perceived by some as easier to clean and more hygienic, therefore potentially more appropriate for general public use.
For instance, this is the case in parts of France, Italy, Greece, or the Balkans, where such toilets are somewhat common in public toilets (restrooms).
A trend towards more sitting toilets in countries that were traditionally using squat toilets can be observed in some urban and more affluent areas, in areas with new buildings (as well as hotels and airports) or in tourist regions.
This is very evident in Japan, where the trend since the 1960s is to replace squat toilets at schools and public places with sitting toilets.
In Southern and Eastern Europe including parts of France, in Greece, Albania, Balkans, and Russia they are common, especially in public toilets.
France and Italy are an exception and have some squat toilets remaining in old buildings and public toilets because they used to be the norm there in the early 20th century.
Sitting toilets are on the one hand associated with development and modernization, and on the other hand with reduced hygiene and possible transmission of diseases.
The trend in Japan is to move away from squat toilets: According to Toto, one of Japan’s major toilet manufacturers, the production of Western-style toilets increased rapidly since 1976.
WOR (710 kHz) is a 50,000 watt Class A clear-channel AM radio station owned by iHeartMedia and licensed to New York City.
The station's studios are located in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan at the former AT&T Building, with its transmitter in Rutherford, New Jersey.
WOR began broadcasting in February 1922 and is one of the oldest radio stations in the United States with a three–letter call sign, characteristic of a station dating from the 1920s.
WOR is the only New York City station to have retained its original three-letter call sign, making those the oldest continually used call letters in the New York City area.
In the early 1920s the store was selling radio receivers and wanted to put a radio station on the air to help promote receiver sales, as well as for general publicity.
The store applied for a license which was granted on February 20, 1922 with the randomly assigned call sign of WOR.
The station made its debut broadcast on February 22, 1922, from a studio located on an upper floor of the store.
In the New York City region, WOR, along with two New York City American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) stations, WBAY and WEAF (now WFAN), were assigned to this new wavelength.
WOR moved to 740 kHz, where it shared time with WDT (which shut down by the end of the year) and a new RCA station, WJY.
WJY rarely used the time periods assigned to it, and by the summer of 1926, WOR began operating full-time, stating that the silent WJY was considered to have forfeited its hours.
In December 1924, although still licensed to Newark, WOR opened a second studio in Manhattan to originate programs, so that stars of the day based in New York City would have better access to the station.
Later in 1926, WOR left its original New York City studio on the 9th floor of Chickering Hall at 27 West 57th Street.
WOR was a charter member of the CBS Radio Network (CBS), acting as the flagship of the 16 stations that aired the first Columbia Broadcasting System network program on September 18, 1927.
In partnership with Chicago radio station WGN and Cincinnati radio station WLW, WOR formed the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1934 and became its New York City flagship station.
However, for all intents and purposes it had been a New York City station since its early days, and had actually set up studios across the Hudson two years after it signed on.
For a few years in the late-1950s, WOR aired selected St. Louis Cardinals baseball games sponsored by Budweiser due to the departures of the Dodgers and Giants from New York City to California.
It started as an independent station, showing mostly movies and reruns of network shows, with some local children's and talk programs.
The TV station later became WWOR-TV, relocated to Secaucus, New Jersey, after it and the radio stations, 710 WOR and 98.7 WOR-FM, were sold to separate companies in 1987 (due to an FCC regulation in effect then that forbade TV and radio stations with different owners from sharing the same call letters).
From the 1930s to the early 1980s, WOR was described as a full service radio station, featuring a mix of music, talk and news.
There was an emphasis on news reports and talk programs, but music was played as well, usually a blend of pop standards and adult contemporary tunes, often described as middle of the road music (MOR).
WOR played several songs per hour weekday mornings from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and again afternoons from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. WOR also featured music on Saturday and Sunday afternoons.
Past notable hosts include Ed and Pegeen Fitzgerald, Arlene Francis, Long John Nebel, Peter Lind Hayes and Mary Healy, Bernard Meltzer, Barry Farber, Jean Shepherd, Bob and Ray, Bob Grant and Gene Klavan.
After John R. Gambling's edition of the show was dropped, he moved to 770 WABC, where he hosted a late-morning show until January 2008.
Although never aimed at young listeners, WOR was this group's radio station of record in the New York metropolitan area during bad winter weather.
Students of all ages dialed up 710 AM on their radios as the Gamblings dutifully announced a comprehensive list of school closings for New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, in strict alphabetical order.
Newscasters Henry Gladstone, Harry Hennessey, John Wingate, Lyle Vann, Peter Roberts, Ed Walsh, Shelly Strickler, Sam Hall and Roger Skibenes were some of the on-air members of the news department.
On January 10, 1969, fill-in pilot/reporter Frank McDermott died when the WOR helicopter crashed into an apartment building in Astoria, Queens as he was broadcasting a traffic update.
This created a lopsided figure-8 pattern intended to cover both the New York City and Philadelphia markets, making WOR the first 50,000 watt directional station in the U.S. Over the years, construction affected WOR's signal strength and WOR sought a new location.
At night when conditions are favorable, WOR could be picked up, using very sensitive radio receivers, in parts of Europe and Africa.
On September 8, 2006, WOR moved its transmitter a short distance to Rutherford, New Jersey, near the Western Spur of the New Jersey Turnpike.
On April 30, 2005, WOR moved out of its offices and studios from 1440 Broadway at 40th Street in Midtown Manhattan, near Times Square, where it had been based for 79 years.
After it was acquired by Clear Channel Communications in 2012, it moved to Clear Channel studios on Avenue of The Americas in Tribeca, a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, near Canal Street.
On August 13, 2012, it was announced that WOR was to be purchased by Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia), pending FCC approval.
On January 1, 2014, both the Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity shows were transferred from rival talk radio station 770 WABC, owned by Cumulus Media.
On November 4, 2013, WOR and the New York Mets announced the team's games would be broadcast on 710 AM, as well as advertised on all local Clear Channel radio stations, beginning with the 2014 baseball season.
The relationship with the Mets lasted through the 2018 season, after which the team announced a new seven-year agreement with Entercom to air games on WCBS 880 AM.
Following the sale of WOR to Clear Channel Communications, what was left of the WOR Radio Network was folded into Premiere Networks, Clear Channel's syndication wing.
Adventures in Babysitting (also known as A Night on the Town in certain countries) is a 1987 American teen comedy film written by David Simkins, directed by Chris Columbus (in his directorial debut).
It stars Elisabeth Shue, Maia Brewton, Keith Coogan, Anthony Rapp, Penelope Ann Miller, Bradley Whitford, and has brief cameos by blues singer/guitarist Albert Collins and singer-songwriter Southside Johnny Lyon.
After her boyfriend Mike cancels their anniversary date, seventeen-year-old Chris Parker invites her friend Brenda over to her Oak Park, Illinois, house to cheer her up, but is convinced by her mother to babysit the Andersons' daughter, 8-year-old Sara, while they attend a party in downtown Chicago.
Fifteen-year-old Brad Anderson is supposed to go to his friend Daryl Coopersmith's house to spend the night, but he changes his mind when he finds that Chris is the sitter.
After receiving a frantic phone call from Brenda, who ran away to the bus station downtown, Chris plans to go alone to pick her up but is coerced by Brad, Sara, and Daryl to take them with her.
En route, Pruitt gets a call from his boss Dawson with evidence that his wife is cheating on him, and he rushes to his house to confront the infidelity; Chris's mother's car is damaged when Pruitt accidentally shoots out the windshield while aiming to kill his wife's lover with his snubnosed revolver.
Reaching their hideout in the South Side, the kids realize they have stumbled upon a chop shop, and Joe is chided by Graydon, the operation's second-in-command, for bringing witnesses.
Chris, Brad, Sara, and Daryl recount their events that night to the audience and are allowed to leave, just as Graydon, Gipp, and their boss Bleak catch up.
They run into Pruitt, who is now on the run for his earlier attacks; he tells the kids he replaced the windshield, but Dawson wants $50 for the tire.
The kids come across a fraternity house party, and Chris becomes attracted to Dan Lynch, a gentleman who learns of Chris' problem and donates $45.
He denies them their car because of the $5 shortage, but when Sara offers him her toy Thor helmet, he changes his mind and lets them go.
Bleak spots Sara, and Graydon chases her to an office building where she hides; the others note her disappearance and follow, accidentally coming across the Andersons' party.
After Sara climbs out an open window and slides down the building, Chris spots her and they run upstairs to help.
As Chris says goodnight to the kids, Brad tells her he understands about her not feeling the same way he did about her and tells her that if they see each other at school the next day, it's okay if she ignores him.
He says he needs a babysitter and is disappointed when Chris says she is retired; he confesses the babysitter was for him.
The VHS was re-released on October 21, 2002 in the United Kingdom by Cinema Club, it received a 15 certificate by the BBFC for strong language and sexual references, it was previously released in an edited PG certificate for family viewing.
It was released on DVD in the United Kingdom on May 31, 2004, again uncut like the 15 certificate VHS, it has been reduced to a 12 certificate.
In 2015, Intrada Records released an album from the film, featuring the score by Michael Kamen, including unused music and several of the songs heard in the film.
However, on January 9, 2015, Disney Channel announced that the remake would go forward, with Sabrina Carpenter and Sofia Carson starring as competing babysitters.
Once it has reached a sufficient size and age, it will begin producing aerial roots that grow toward the forest floor.
The philodendron, in turn, obtains nutrients from the surrounding ant nest, and the aggressive nature of the ants serves to protect the plant from other insects which would eat it.
Secondary hemiepiphytes start life on the ground or on part of a tree trunk very close to the ground, where the seeds sprout.
After a tree has been found, the scototropic behavior stops and the philodendron switches to a phototropic growth habit and the internodes shorten and thicken.
Early in the life of the plant, but after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will have acquired the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size.
In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences, causing juvenile and adult plants to mistakenly be classified as different species.
Secondary hemiepiphytes start off on the dark forest floor and climb their way up a tree, displaying their juvenile type leaves along the way.
The smaller juvenile leaves are used for the darker forest floor where light is in scarce supply, but once they reach a sufficient height in the canopy the light is bright enough that the bigger adult leaves can serve a useful purpose.
Once their roots have reached the ground below, the plant will begin taking up nutrients from the soil, of which it had been previously deprived.
Another quality of philodendrons leaves is they are often quite different in shape and size even between two plants of the same species.
Once the leaf has been fully formed, the cataphyll usually remains attached where the stem and base of the leaf meet.
A deciduous cataphyll curls away from the leaf once it has formed, eventually turning brown and drying out, and finally falling off the plant, leaving a scar on the stem where it was attached.
In the latter, the cataphylls are prevented from falling off in a timely manner due to the short internodes of the plant.
The aerial roots occur in many shapes and sizes and originate from most of the plant's nodes or occasionally from an internode.
The size and number of aerial roots per node depends on the presence of a suitable substrate for the roots to attach themselves.
They allow the philodendron to attach itself to a tree or other plant, and they allow it to collect water and nutrients.
Aerial roots used for attaching to trees tend to be shorter, more numerous, and sometimes have a layer of root hairs attached; those used for collecting water and nutrients tend to be thicker and longer.
These feeder roots tend to attach flush with the substrate to which the philodendron is attached, and make their way directly downwards in search of soil.
Characteristic of roots in philodendrons is the presence of a sclerotic hypodermis, which are cylindrical tubes inside the epidermis that can be one to five cells long.
Nectaries can be found in a variety of locations on the plant, including the stalks, sheaths, lower surfaces of the leaves, and spathes.
The nectaries produce a sweet, sticky substance the ants like to eat and which provides an incentive for them to build their nests amongst the roots of the given philodendron.
In some cases, the amount of nectar produced can be quite extensive, resulting in the surface becoming entirely covered with it.
When philodendrons are ready to reproduce, they will produce an inflorescence which consists of a leaf-like hood called a spathe within which is enclosed a tube-like structure called a spadix.
Depending on the species, a single inflorescence can be produced or a cluster of up to 11 inflorescences can be produced at a single time on short peduncles.
In some philodendrons, the colour of the base of the spathe contrasts in colour with the upper part, and in others, the inner and outer surfaces of the spathe differ in coloration.
The upper portion of the spathe is called the limb or blade, while the lower portion is called the convolute tube or chamber due to its tubular structure at the base.
The fertile male and female flowers are separated on the spadix by a sterile zone or staminodal region composed of sterile male flowers.
The arrangement tends to be vertical, with fertile male flowers at the top of the spadix followed by sterile male flowers, and fertile female flowers very close to the bottom in the region known as the spathe tube or chamber.
The fertile female flowers are often not receptive to fertilization when the fertile males are producing pollen, which again prevents self-pollination.
Sexual reproduction is achieved by means of beetles, with many philodendron species requiring the presence of a specific beetle species to achieve pollination.
Female anthesis typically lasts up to two days, and includes the gradual opening of the spathe to allow the beetles to enter.
Some evidence suggest the timing of opening of the spathe is dependent on light levels, where cloudy, darker days result in the spathe opening up earlier than on clear days.
As such, the male beetles are often followed by female beetles with the intent of mating with the males within the spathe.
The philodendrons benefit from this symbiotic relationship because the males will eventually leave the spathe covered in pollen and repeat the process at another philodendron, pollinating it in the process and thus providing philodendrons a means of sexual reproduction.
In addition to gaining a safe location to mate, the male beetles may benefit from having a central location, because it allows them to broadcast to females that they are willing and able to mate.
Females which see a male beetle headed for a philodendron flower know he does so with intention of mating, and females which are sexually receptive and need to mate know that they can find males if they follow the pheromones produced by the philodendron flowers.
As a result, the male beetles benefit from this relationship with the philodendrons because they do not have to produce pheromones to attract females, since the philodendrons do it for them.
Additionally, male beetles benefit because they are ensured of mating with only sexually receptive females, which is not necessarily certain otherwise.
In doing so, the philodendron provides male beetles a more efficient way to find females than what they could achieve on their own.
Pheromones produced by the philodendrons may be similar to those produced by female beetles when they wish to attract males to mate.
The male beetles will stay overnight in the spathe, eating and mating throughout the night due to the benefits provided by the spathe and spadix.
Rarely, cases of 200 beetles at a time have been observed and almost always the beetles are of the same species.
Another feature of this symbiotic relationship, less well understood, is the series of events in which the spadix begins to heat up prior to the spathe opening up for the beetles.
By the time the spathe is open and the beetles have arrived, the spadix is usually quite hot; up to around 46 °C in some species, but usually around 35 °C.
In some species, the temperature of the spadix will peak on the arrival of the beetles, then decrease, and finally increase reaching a maximum once again when the philodendron is ready for the beetles to leave.
Other species, though, only show a maximum temperature on the arrival of the beetles, which remains roughly constant for about a day, and then steadily decreases.
The increased temperature increases the metabolism of the beetles, causing them to move about more within the spathe and increasing the likelihood they will be sufficiently coated with pollen.
A sticky resin is also produced in drops attached to the spadix which help to keep the pollen attached to the beetles.
The reason for the spadix being held at 45° relative to the spathe may be to maximize the heat's ability to waft the pheromones into the air.
The acid sets off the mitochondria in the cells that make up the sterile zone to switch to an electron transport chain called the cyanide-resistant pathway, which results in the production of heat.
As the beetles home in on the inflorescence, they first move in a zig-zag pattern until they get reasonably close, when they switch to a straight-line path.
The beetles may be using scent to find the inflorescence when they are far away, but once within range, they find it by means of the infrared radiation.
Once female anthesis is nearing its end and the female flowers have been pollinated, the spathe will be fully open and male anthesis begins.
In the beginning of male anthesis, the fertile male flowers complete the process of producing the pollen and the female flowers become unreceptive to further pollination.
Towards the end of male anthesis, the spathe begins to close from the bottom, working its way up and forcing the beetles to move up and across the upper region of the spathe, where the fertile male flowers are located.
In doing so, the philodendron controls when the beetles come and when they leave and forces them to rub against the top of the spadix where the pollen is located as they exit, thus ensuring they are well-coated with pollen.
After male anthesis, the males will go off and find another philodendron undergoing female anthesis, so will pollinate the female flowers with the pollen it had collected from its previous night of mating.
The berries develop later in the season; berry development time varies from species to species from a few weeks to a year, although most philodendrons take a few months.
Once the fruit are mature, the spathe will begin to open again, but this time it will break off at the base and fall to the forest floor.
Sometimes proper preparation can render these harmless, and in many cases eating minor amounts causes most people no distress or minor gastric irritation.
However, care should be taken to verify the toxicity of any particular species before ingesting these berries, particularly regularly or in large amounts.
The color of the berries can vary depending on the species, but most produce a white berry with slight tones of green.
Chalcid wasps also seek out philodendrons, and are known to lay their eggs in the ovaries of many philodendron species, resulting in galled inflorescences.
For example, it is rare for more than one philodendron species to be flowering at the same time or to be pollinated by the same species of beetles.
The beetles have also been observed to be selective to the height of the plant they pollinate, which would serve as an additional preventive measure to make hybrids less likely.
Philodendrons are known to have been collected from the wild as early as 1644 by Georg Marcgraf, but the first partly successful scientific attempt to collect and classify the genus was done by Charles Plumier.
Typically, the inflorescence is of great importance in determining the species of a given philodendron, since it tends to be less variable than the leaves.
Most occur in humid tropical forests, but can also be found in swamps and on river banks, roadsides and rock outcrops.
Species of this genus are often found clambering over other plants, or climbing the trunks of trees with the aid of aerial roots.
Philodendrons usually distinguish themselves in their environment by their large numbers compared to other plants, making them a highly noticeable component of the ecosystems in which they are found.
Philodendrons can also be found in Australia, some Pacific islands, Africa and Asia, although they are not indigenous and were introduced or accidentally escaped.
Indoor plants thrive at temperatures between 15 and 18 °C and can survive at lower light levels than other house plants.
The pollen and the inflorescence both have short lives, which means a large collection of philodendrons is necessary if crossbreeding is to be done successfully.
The entire spathe is then covered in a plastic bag so the water–pollen mixture does not dry out; the bag is removed a few days later.
The leaves of philodendrons are also known to be eaten by Venezuelan red howler monkeys, making up 3.1% of all the leaves they eat.
Also, in the making of a particular recipe for curare by the Amazonian Taiwanos, the leaves and stems of an unknown philodendron species are used.
To add the poison to the water, the leaves are cut into pieces and tied together to form bundles, which are allowed to ferment for a few days.
They use the juice of the spathe to stain their hands red, since many such tribes view the color red as a sign of power.
The risk of death, if even possible, is extremely low if ingested by an average adult, although its consumption is generally considered unhealthy.
In general, the calcium oxalate crystals have a very mild effect on humans, and large quantities have to be consumed for symptoms to even appear.
Possible symptoms include increased salivation, a sensation of burning of the mouth, swelling of the tongue, stomatitis, dysphagia, an inability to speak, and edema.
Fatal poisonings are extremely rare; one case of an infant eating small quantities of a philodendron resulting in hospitalization and death has been reported.
In this study, 127 cases of children ingesting philodendrons were studied, and they found only one child showed symptoms; a 10-month-old had minor upper lip swelling when he chewed on a philodendron leaf.
In this study, two adult cats and one kitten were fed a puréed leaf and water mixture, observed afterward, then euthanized, and finally a necropsy was performed.
Dosages of 2.8, 5.6, and 9.1 g/kg were used, with the highest dose administered being considerably more than any house cat could consume.
The past epidemiological studies have been suggested to be wrong, since sick cats may be inclined to eat plants to alleviate their illnesses.
The forced feeding study may have failed to show signs of philodendron toxicity because the tube feeding bypassed the mouth and hence minimized the typical signs of irritation.
Cousins is a 1989 American romantic comedy film directed by Joel Schumacher and starring Ted Danson, Isabella Rossellini, Sean Young, William Petersen, Keith Coogan, Lloyd Bridges and Norma Aleandro.
Newly made cousins-by-marriage, they find they have more in common than expected as their respective spouses, insecure Tish (Young) and boorish Tom (Petersen) begin an affair.
Over a series of ritualized family events, dreamer Larry and repressed Maria decide to exact revenge on their spouses by pretending to have an affair themselves.
Their good-natured plan takes on unexpected gravity when they learn not only are they great friends, but they realize they're falling in love with each other.
They consummate the affair, but the ramifications shake their families, including Larry's artistic son Mitch (Coogan) and Maria's adorable but aggressive daughter Chloe (Isabelle).
Meanwhile, (after the sudden death of Uncle Phil), Larry's father Vince (Bridges) becomes interested in his widowed sister-in-law Edie and courts her.
In an epilogue, Larry and Maria are seen sailing away with their children, living a fantasy they had shared from their earlier affair.
Although not identified as such, the locations were primarily shot around Vancouver, Canada, among the first times the city was featured so prominently, and led to the city being used as a film location much more.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 50% of 8 film critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 5.8 out of 10.
The film received two thumbs up from Siskel & Ebert, who were the only major critics to respond enthusiastically to the film upon its theatrical release.
Hiding Out is a 1987 American comedy-drama film starring Jon Cryer as a state's witness who disguises himself as a high school student in order to avoid being killed by the mob.
Revealed shortly into the movie, Andrew Morenski (Cryer) and two others, all stockbrokers, have managed to pass bogus bonds for a mobster awaiting trial.
After convincing his FBI hosts that he wants breakfast and out of the safe house, Andrew and his FBI bodyguards are followed by hitmen hired to eliminate them.
Andrew eludes the killer and hitchhikes with a truck driver to Topsail, Delaware where he phones his Aunt Lucy, who tells him to meet her at the high school where she works.
When he goes to Topsail High School to meet his Aunt Lucy, the office personnel mistake him for a new student and send him to register for classes.
Needing a safe place to hide, Andrew, under disguise, attempts to contact his cousin, Patrick, (played by Keith Coogan) and aunt (portrayed by Gretchen Cryer, Jon Cryer's real-life mother), arranging to meet the latter at the high school at which she works as a nurse.
While sitting in the nurse's office, he impulsively opts to enroll, taking the name of Maxwell Hauser (off a Maxwell House coffee can) and begin high school all over again.
Not willing to take the attitude of teachers, Andrew becomes a hero to those tired of the school's status quo, which upsets Kevin O'Roarke (played by Tim Quill), the current class president, and captures the heart of Ryan Campbell (Annabeth Gish).
During an afternoon at the local diner, he accidentally drops a birthday card meant for his grandmother (who had raised him) and it gets mailed.
Later, a hitman posing as an FBI agent contacts his grandmother and sees the card and its postmark, telling him where Andrew is hiding.
Andrew embraces the opportunity to run for class president, not knowing the election committee has already decided to rig the results in favor of Kevin.
Ezzard, watching the proceedings, manages to dispose of one of the hitmen, while the other moves up into the rafters of the gym.
Images of graduation are spliced into images of Andrew taking the stand in a court against the mobster for whom he had sold the bogus bonds.
After his testimony, Andrew is given a few minutes to say farewell to his grandmother before being placed in the Federal Witness Protection Program.
Andrew, now known as Eddie Collins, appears from behind the tree and tells her he has decided to become a teacher.
After leaving high school, he spent a year in an engineering workshop manufacturing trolleybuses, whereafter he went to engineering college in Örebro in order to realise his dream of fully understanding cars and entering into the auto industry.
On December 1, 1941, he was taken on at General Motors in Stockholm as a draughtsman, after having submitted his drawings along with an employment application.
He was later transferred to the advertising department where he produced illustrations for the variety of GM products marketed in Sweden.
It was at this time, the fall of 1946 that he bought his first car, a Chevrolet Fleetmaster Sport Sedan (model 2103), model year 1946.
As luck would have it Saab advertised for an illustrator and Gunnar Sjögren moved down to Saab's headquarters in Linköping in the fall of 1959.
He remained loyal to Saab ever since, moving to wherever the passenger car business had its headquarters: first to Södertälje and finally to its present location in Nyköping, just 60 miles south of Stockholm.
At Saab, Sjögren became deeply involved both in the shaping of the advertising material used to sell the cars as well as in the design and color scheme advisory groups.
Over the years Sjögren assembled a wealth of material about the Saab car, its design philosophy and the marketing strategies followed in bringing the cars to the eyes of the car buying public.
In doing so he became owner of a vast fund of knowledge of the cars for which he became a key figure behind the scenes.
His knowledge about cars was legendary and, without hesitation he could correctly sketch with unfailing accuracy most of the important cars of the last 40 or 50 years - particularly if they happened to be made by Saab or General Motors.
But despite this abiding and seemingly all-consuming interest in cars, Gunnar Sjögren developed a profound and expert interest in many other fields.
He was a nature lover who made it a habit to learn the Latin names of plants and flora and fauna that came his way - all of which he could depict in characteristic line drawings with great accuracy.
Since 1975 he was also a true philatelist who mounted his collection artistically and with informative explanations on sheets of his own design.
Other indoor interests that served as a background to his major pursuit were classical music, with a strong penchant towards the Vienna school, smoking a pipe or a cigar and enjoying a glass of good wine or Scotch whisky.
Draining Deer Lake, the Humber is one of the major rivers on the island of Newfoundland, making the Bay of Islands an important estuary.
The Humber River was used for many years to float logs down to the Bay of Islands where a large Bowater pulp and paper mill at Corner Brook turned them into paper products.
Although the river is mainly used for recreational purposes, the bay still sees active shipping to and from Corner Brook's port.
These communities include (on the southern shore of Humber Arm, the southernmost bay) Mt Moriah, Humber Arm South, Lark Harbour, and York Harbour, (on the northern shore of Humber Arm) Hughes Brook, Irishtown-Summerside, Meadows, Gillams, McIvers, and (on Middle Arm, north of Humber Arm) Cox's Cove.
The Bay of Islands are bordered on the north and south by North Arm Hills and Blow Me Down mountains, which are part of the Humber Arm Allochthon, which also include the Lewis Hills and the Tablelands.
Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead is a 1991 American coming-of-age black comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and starring Christina Applegate, Joanna Cassidy, Josh Charles and David Duchovny.
The plot focuses on seventeen-year-old Sue Ellen Crandell, who assumes the role as head of the house for her siblings when the babysitter her mother hired suddenly dies in her sleep.
Sue Ellen Crandell is a 17-year-old high school graduate in Los Angeles who, due to a lack of funds, cannot go to Europe for the summer with her friends.
However, when her divorced mother goes on a vacation to Australia with her boyfriend, Sue Ellen looks forward to an entire summer of freedom with her siblings: twin slacker and stoner Kenny, 14-year-old ladies' man Zach, 13-year-old tomboy Melissa, and 11-year-old television fanatic Walter.
Much to Sue Ellen's dismay, her mother hires a live-in babysitter, Mrs. Sturak, a seemingly sweet, humble old woman who assures Mrs. Crandell that she can take care of all five children.
As soon as Mrs. Crandell leaves, Mrs. Sturak shows her true colors as an evil tyrant, quickly drawing the ire of the children.
After her body is discovered by Sue Ellen, the children agree to stuff the babysitter in a trunk and drop her off at a local funeral home and keep her car.
They discover that the envelope given to Mrs. Sturak by their mother with their summer money is empty; she had it on her when they delivered her body to the funeral home.
Sue Ellen then forges an extensive résumé under the guise of a Vassar-educated young fashion designer and applies at General Apparel West (GAW), hoping to secure a job as a receptionist.
However, Rose Lindsey, a company executive, finds her résumé so impressive that she offers Sue Ellen a job as an executive assistant, much to the chagrin of Carolyn, a receptionist on Rose's floor who was initially in line for the job.
While the kids have dinner at a Chuck E. Cheese's that night, Mrs. Sturak's car is stolen by drag queens, forcing Sue Ellen to call in a favor from Bryan to bring them home.
Sue Ellen then obtains the keys to her mother's Volvo, and begins stealing from petty cash at GAW to support the family, intending to return it when she receives her paycheck.
At work, the inexperienced Sue Ellen has to balance the adult responsibilities thrust upon her while still trying to enjoy herself as a teenager.
She takes it upon herself to create a new clothing line and Rose suggests holding a fashion show to exhibit their new designs.
Sue Ellen offers to host the party, convincing her siblings to help clean up the house, beautify the yard, and act as caterers.
Although she manages to pull off the party, it comes to an end when Mrs. Crandell comes home early and catches Sue Ellen in the act, forcing her to confess her lie in front of everyone.
Rose offers Sue Ellen the job as her personal assistant, which she respectfully declines in favor of going to college first.
The film was one of David Duchovny's early roles, before he achieved mainstream success; casting director Sharon Bialy had trouble convincing the studio to hire him.
Jennifer Love Hewitt was originally cast as Melissa, but had to back out as Disney Channel would not release her from a television show she starred in.
After the production ended, the studio was forced to change the name because of conflict with the MTV's new TV series of the same name, and settled on the current title.
Landau was initially unimpressed with the lighthearted title, but accepted it after seeing Johnny Carson make a pun on the title on TV.
The film was released on June 7, 1991, bringing in $4.2 million on the opening weekend and a total U.S. and Canada gross of $25,196,249, making a small profit, below the filmmakers' expectations.
In England and Wales, Northern Ireland and most Commonwealth and colonial governments, the chief law officer of the Crown is the Attorney General.
Following devolution of justice to the Scottish Parliament a new position of Advocate General for Scotland was created to advise the UK Government on matters of Scots law.
So there are three UK Government law officers: the Attorney General, the Solicitor General and the Advocate General for Scotland, with all of them subordinate to the Secretary of State for Justice.
The Attorney General for England and Wales, a member of the UK Government, is similarly the chief law officer of the Crown in England and Wales and advises and represents the Crown and government departments in court.
In the second half of the 20th century it became unusual for the Attorney General to be formally a member of the Cabinet.
The Attorney General oversees the small Attorney General's Office and also has responsibility for the Government Legal Department, which is headed by the Treasury Solicitor.
In practice, the Treasury Solicitor (who also has the title of Procurator General) normally provides the lawyers or briefs Treasury Counsel to appear in court, although the Attorney General may appear in person.
The person appointed to this role provides legal advice to the Government, acts as the representative of the public interest and resolves issues between government departments.
The Attorney General is a barrister and can appear in court in person, though in practice he/she rarely does so, and then only in cases of outstanding national importance.
The Attorney General also has supervisory powers over prosecutions, including those mounted by the Crown Prosecution Service, headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions; the Serious Fraud Office; and the Revenue and Customs Prosecutions Office.
The Attorney General may appeal cases to the higher courts where, although the particular case is settled, there may be a point of law of public importance at issue.
The Attorney General has public interest functions, being, for example, the trustee of default where a sole trustee has died, and can also take cases to the Supreme Court where points of general legal importance need to be settled.
Under the Law Officers Act 1997, the Solicitor General may do anything on behalf of, or in the place of, the Attorney General, and vice versa.
Under the Government of Wales Act 2006, the Counsel General for Wales is the chief legal adviser to, and a member of, the Welsh Government.
Under the recent constitutional reforms, the Lord Advocate has become an officer of the Scottish Government, while the United Kingdom Government is advised on Scots law by the Advocate General for Scotland.
The Lord Advocate, currently James Wolffe, heads the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service and is the chief public prosecutor in Scotland.
Since the prorogation of the Parliament of Northern Ireland in 1972, the Attorney General for England and Wales was also Attorney General for Northern Ireland.
The separate office of Attorney General for Northern Ireland was re-created alongside the new office of Advocate General for Northern Ireland upon the devolution of policing and justice powers to the Northern Ireland Assembly on 12 April 2010.
In Hong Kong, apart from the Solicitor General and the Crown Prosecutor (the Director of Public Prosecutions before 1997), there are also the Law Officer (Civil), the Law Officer (International) and the Law Draftsman.
Some subjects are entitled to have an attorney general: these include a queen consort and the Prince of Wales, who has an Attorney General for the Duchy of Cornwall.
There is also an Attorney General for the Duchy of Lancaster, which is a mostly landed inheritance that is held by the Crown (in trust for the monarch) and administered independently of the monarch under the supervision of a government minister, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
Before the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the legal advisers to the Crown in the Courts of Ireland were the Attorney-General for Ireland and the Solicitor-General for Ireland.
The Crown also had a legal adviser for the High Court of Admiralty, known as the Admiralty Advocate, but this office lapsed in 1875 when the Admiralty Court became part of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice.
The Crown's representative in the ecclesiastical courts of England was the King's Advocate (or Queen's Advocate when the monarch was female).
The Web Experimental Psychology Lab was founded in 1995, by Ulf-Dietrich Reips at the University of Tübingen, and is now at the University of Zürich.
Researchers at New York University are currently conducting an innovative psychology and law study that uses video of a criminal trial.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin (also spelled Lusin; ; 9 December 1883 – 28 January 1950) was a Soviet/Russian mathematician known for his work in descriptive set theory and aspects of mathematical analysis with strong connections to point-set topology.
Luzin underwent great personal turmoil in the years 1905 and 1906, when his materialistic worldview had collapsed and he found himself close to suicide.
I don't know how it happened, but I cannot be satisfied any more with analytic functions and Taylor series ... it happened about a year ago.
... To see the misery of people, to see the torment of life, to wend my way home from a mathematical meeting ... where, shivering in the cold, some women stand waiting in vain for dinner purchased with horror - this is an unbearable sight.
His doctoral students included some of the most famous Soviet mathematicians: Pavel Aleksandrov, Nina Bari, Aleksandr Khinchin, Andrey Kolmogorov, Alexander Kronrod, Mikhail Lavrentyev, Alexey Lyapunov, Lazar Lyusternik, Pyotr Novikov, Lev Schnirelmann and Pavel Urysohn.
On 5 January 1927 Luzin was elected as a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and became a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences first at the Department of Philosophy and then at the Department of Pure Mathematics (12 January 1929).
Luzin's first significant result was a construction of an almost everywhere divergent trigonometric series with monotonic convergence to zero coefficients (1912).
For example, the first problem in the list, on the convergence of the Fourier series for a square-integrable function, was solved by Lennart Carleson in 1966 (Carleson's theorem).
In the theory of boundary properties of analytic functions he proved an important result on the invariance of sets of boundary points under conformal mappings (1919).
He mocks accusations of bourgeois decadence against Vygodsky's textbook, and relates his own youthful experience with what he felt were unnecessary formal complications of the traditional development of analysis.
The article triggered a special hearing on Luzin's case by the Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where the allegations were reviewed and formalized.
At the hearing, Aleksandrov, Lyusternik, Khinchin, Kolmogorov and some other students of Luzin accused him of plagiarism from Pyotr Novikov and Mikhail Suslin and various forms of misconduct, which included denying promotions to Kolmogorov and Khinchin.
According to some researchers, Aleksandrov and Kolmogorov had been involved in a homosexual relationship in the 1930s, a fact the police used to pressure them into testifying against their former teacher.
The hearings were completed in five sessions between July 7, 1936 and July 15, 1936, and people testifying, as well as the nature of accusations, changed significantly from one session to another.
In the initial session, the accusations were separated into accusations of scientific misconduct, which included plagiarism; accusations of professional misconduct, which mostly involved accusations of nepotism in promotions and reviews; and political accusations, which were the most serious.
The initial review on July 7, which most prominently featured Alexandrov and Kolmogorov, concluded in a warning to Luzin regarding plagiarism while stressing the overall importance of his work, cleared him politically, yet recommended to relieve him of administrative duties.
However, this outcome didn't seem to satisfy the instigators of the case, which is why from the second hearing on, the nature of accusations shifted: now the primary focus was the fact that Luzin published his papers extensively in France rather than in Soviet journals, and his pre-Soviet sympathies were brought to the forefront.
Although the Commission convicted Luzin, he was neither expelled from the Academy nor arrested, but his department in the Steklov Institute was closed and he lost all his official positions.
There has been some speculation about why his punishment was so much milder than that of most other people condemned at that time, but the reason for this does not seem to be known for certain.
Yushkevich speculated that at the time, Stalin was more concerned with the forthcoming Moscow Trials of Lev Kamenev, Grigory Zinoviev and others, whereas the eventual fate of Luzin was of a little interest to him.
The duration of a patrol will vary from a few hours to several weeks depending on the nature of the objective and the type of units involved.
A combat patrol is a group with sufficient size (usually platoon or company) and resources to raid or ambush a specific enemy.
A clearing patrol is a brief patrol around a newly occupied defensive position in order to ensure that the immediate area is secure.
Clearing patrols are often undertaken on the occupation of a location, and during stand to in the transition from night to day routine and vice versa.
Standing patrols are usually small (half section/section) static patrols intended to provide early warning, security or to guard some geographical feature, such as dead ground.
This type of patrol is used by armored formations in desert theaters, and also by ground troops operating in urban areas.
First concerts are scheduled for mid and late February 2009 in Toruń and Wrocław, with the lineup Staszewski (voc), Burzyński (g), Kwiatkowski (bg), Friedrich (g) and Goehs (dr).
Prof. Dr. Ulf-Dietrich Reips is a full professor in the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Konstanz, where he holds the Chair for Psychological Methods, Assessment, and iScience.
Between 2009 and 2013 he was a full-time tenured IKERBASQUE research professor at University of Deusto in Bilbao, Spain, and remains affiliated with Ikerbasque.
He received his PhD in 1997 and his habilitation (venia legendi, title 'Privatdozent') in 2004 from the University of Tübingen, Germany.
Reips spent most of his undergraduate and graduate years at the University of Tübingen, where he had attended the Leibniz Kolleg.
He majored in both Psychology and General Rhetoric (as a student of Walter Jens) and had a minor in Political Science.
In 2012, Ulf-Dietrich Reips received a FIRST award from University of Colorado Boulder and is since affiliated on an honorable basis with its Department of Psychology and Neuroscience.
In Fall 2015, Reips was offered to direct the Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information in Trier, in association with a full professorship for Psychology at University of Trier.
Ulf-Dietrich Reips is working on Internet-based research methodologies (or iScience, Internet science, online research methods), in particular Internet-based psychological experimenting (a method used in experimental psychology) and Internet-based tests, the psychology of the Internet, measurement, the cognition of causality, Social Media, and Big Data.
In 1994 and 1995 he founded the Web Experimental Psychology Lab, the first laboratory for conducting real experiments on the World Wide Web.
In 1997, he was one of the seven founders of the and wrote a book chapter on the methodology of conducting experiments via the Internet that later won him a young scientist award by the German Society for Psychology.
The following table lists each with its population at the 2010 census, its area in square kilometres (km), and the name of the canton seat or capital.
Her Majesty's Advocate, known as the Lord Advocate (, ), is the chief legal officer of the Scottish Government and the Crown in Scotland for both civil and criminal matters that fall within the devolved powers of the Scottish Parliament.
He or she is the chief public prosecutor for Scotland and all prosecutions on indictment are conducted by the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, nominally in the Lord Advocate's name.
The first recognised Lord Advocate was esteemed legal scholar and philosopher Sir Ross Grimley of Goldenacre, recorded in 1483 as serving King James III.
From 1707 to 1998, the Lord Advocate was the chief legal adviser of the British Government and the Crown on Scottish legal matters, both civil and criminal, until the Scotland Act 1998 devolved most domestic affairs to the Scottish Parliament.
The Lord Advocate is not head of the Faculty of Advocates; that position is held by the Dean of the Faculty of Advocates.
Until devolution in 1999, all lord advocates were, by convention, members of the United Kingdom government, although the post was not normally in the Cabinet.
Until devolution, all lord advocates were, by convention, members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords to allow them to speak for the government.
Every Lord Advocate between 1842 and 1967 was later appointed to the bench, either on demitting office or at a later date.
Many lord advocates in fact nominated themselves for appointment as Lord President of the Court of Session or as Lord Justice Clerk.
The Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service is headed by the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General for Scotland, and is the public prosecution service in Scotland.
He or she also acts as Chief Executive for the Department and as solicitor in all legal proceedings in which the Lord Advocate appears as representing his or her own department.
They issue general instructions for the guidance of Crown counsel, procurators fiscal, sheriff clerks and other public officials; transmits instructions from Crown counsel to procurators fiscal about prosecutions; and in consultation with the Clerk of Justiciary, arranges sittings of the High Court of Justiciary.
In a submission to the commission set up to consider how the devolution settlement between Scotland and the United Kingdom could be improved, the judges recommended that the Lord Advocate should cease to be the head of the public prosecution system and should act only as the Scottish Government's chief legal adviser.
The judges proposed three alternative solutions: stripping the Lord Advocate of responsibility for prosecutions, exempting the Lord Advocate from compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights, or changing the law on criminal appeals.
After getting his Ph.D. in 1927, he continued to work at Moscow State University and also joined the Steklov Mathematical Institute.
In 1936, Alexandrov was an active participant in the political offensive against his peer Luzin that is known as the Luzin affair.
According to some researchers, the two were involved in a homosexual relationship in the 1930s, while others deny this and suppose that this rumour was spread in the 1950s in order to rehabilitate them as the participants of the Luzin affair.
Some authors claim that he was pressured to denounce Luzin and later Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in order to prevent official notice of his lifelong homosexual relationship with Kolmogorov.
It is an idealized or consensus sequence—that is, it shows the most frequently occurring base at each position in many promoters analyzed; individual promoters often vary from the consensus at one or more positions.
It is also commonly called the -10 sequence, because it is centered roughly ten base pairs upstream from the site of initiation of transcription.
The Pribnow box has a function similar to the TATA box that occurs in promoters in eukaryotes and archaea: it is recognized and bound by a subunit of RNA polymerase during initiation of transcription.
This region of the DNA is also the first place where base pairs separate during prokaryotic transcription to allow access to the template strand.
The AT-richness is important to allow this separation, since adenine and thymine are easier to break apart (not only due to fewer hydrogen bonds, but also due to weaker base stacking effects).
Possessing a deep and expressive bass voice, he enjoyed an important international career at major opera houses and is often credited with establishing the tradition of naturalistic acting in his chosen art form.
During the first phase of his career, Chaliapin endured direct competition from three other great basses: the powerful Lev Sibiriakov (1869–1942), the more lyrical Vladimir Kastorsky (1871–1948), and Dmitri Buchtoyarov (1866–1918), whose voice was intermediate between those of Sibiriakov and Kastorsky.
The fact that Chaliapin is far and away the best remembered of this magnificent quartet of rival basses is a testament to the power of his personality, the acuteness of his musical interpretations, and the vividness of his performances.
He himself spelled his surname, French-style, Chaliapine in the West, and his name even appeared on early HMV 78s as Theodore Chaliapine.
In English texts, his given name is most usually rendered as Feodor or Fyodor, and his surname is most usually seen as Chaliapin.
Feodor Chaliapin was born into a peasant family on February 1 (OS), 1873 in Kazan, in the wing of merchant Lisitzin's house on Rybnoryadskaya Street (now Pushkin Street) 10.
The next day, Candlemas (The Meeting of Our Lord), he was baptized in Epiphany (Bogoyavlenskaya) Church on Bolshaya Prolomnaya street (now Bauman Street).
The dwelling was expensive for his father, Ivan Yakovlevich, who served as a clerk in the Zemskaya Uprava (Zemstvo District Council), and in 1878 the Chaliapin family moved to the village of Ametyevo (also Ometyevo, or the Ometyev settlements, now a settlement within Kazan) behind the area of Sukonnaya Sloboda, and settled in a small house.
At Mamontov he also met Sergei Rachmaninoff, who was serving as an assistant conductor there and with whom he remained friends for life.
Rachmaninoff taught him much about musicianship, including how to analyze a music score, and insisted that Chaliapin learn not only his own roles but also all the other roles in the operas in which he was scheduled to appear.
Regardless of where that point was or at which dynamic within that piece, the performer had to know how to approach it with absolute calculation and precision; otherwise, the whole construction of the piece could crumble and the piece could become disjointed.
On the strength of his Mamontov appearances, the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow engaged Chaliapin, where he appeared regularly from 1899 until 1914.
At the end of his career, Toscanini observed that the Russian bass was the greatest operatic talent with whom he had ever worked.
The singer's Metropolitan Opera debut in the 1907 season was disappointing due to the unprecedented frankness of his stage acting; but he returned to the Met in 1921 and sang there with immense success for eight seasons, New York's audiences having grown more broad-minded since 1907.
In 1913, Chaliapin was introduced to London and Paris by the brilliant entrepreneur Sergei Diaghilev, at which point he began giving well-received solo recitals in which he sang traditional Russian folk songs as well as more serious fare.
However, the harsh realities of everyday life under the new regime, and the unstable climate which followed because of the ensuing Civil War, combined with, reportedly, the encroachment on some of his property by the Communist authorities, caused him to remain perpetually outside Russia after 1921.
Chaliapin's attachment to Paris did not prevent him from pursuing an international operatic and concert career in England, the United States, and further afield.
The English and the French versions are the most often seen, and both were released in May 2006 on a DVD.
Pabst's film was not a version of the Massenet opera but a dramatic adaptation of Miguel de Cervantes' novel, with music and songs by Jacques Ibert.
While touring Japan in 1936 he was suffering from a toothache, and a hotel chef devised a way to cook a steak to be extra tender for him.
They married in Russia in 1898 and had six children: Igor, Boris (1904–1979), Irina, Lidia and twins Feodor Jr. (1905–1992) and Taniya.
While married to Tornagi, Chaliapin lived with Marina Petsold (1882–1964), a widow who already had two children from her first marriage.
In 1917, while he was in the south of France, he was urged to write such a work by a French journalist who hoped to ghost-write it.
Meanwhile, Chaliapin attempted to sell it to an American publisher, who refused it on learning that it had been published in Russian.
There was a rift with Gorky, and Chaliapin worked with another editor to produce a 'new' version of his original text.
He cut a prolific number of discs for His Master's Voice, beginning in Russia with acoustical recordings made at the dawn of the 20th Century, and continuing through the early electrical (microphone) era.
The title, which came out in 1994, became Epic's biggest selling game at the time, earning him enough money to get his first apartment and car.
After 20 years with the company, Cliff announced his departure from Epic Games on October 3, 2012, saying he had been making video games since he was a teen and wanted to take a break.
Bleszinski has opened two bars in Raleigh, North Carolina, one in 2014, called The Station, and another one in 2015, The Raleigh Beer Garden.
Many sorts of dispute fall into this broad category; many people who will not otherwise have any dealings during their lives with the judicial system have domestic relations disputes.
There are also several more television specials that were broadcast on Fuji TV and two short films, which were shown at the 2008 Jump Super Anime Tour and Jump Festa 2012 respectively.
As with the franchise's anime television series, all twenty films and the first three TV specials were licensed in North America by Funimation.
The first through fifth films were shown at the , while the sixth through seventeenth films were shown at the .
These films were mostly alternate re-tellings of certain story arcs involving new characters or extra side-stories that do not correlate with the same continuity as the manga or TV series.
Toriyama did have some involvement with the earlier films, such as checking the scripts, altering new characters and their names or designing them from the ground up himself.
In commemoration of the release of its release, there was conducted an official online poll of 6,000 Japanese fans to pick their favorite film in the franchise.
Of these specials, the first and third are original stories created by the anime staff, while the second is based on a special chapter of the manga.
In the United States, the anime series sold over 25million DVD units by January 2012, and has sold more than 30million DVD and Blu-ray units as of 2017.
It does not include sales or earnings from domestic or overseas licensee companies, such as Fuji TV or Pony Canyon in Japan, or Funimation in North America, for example, but only includes Toei Animation's earnings as an anime licensor and overseas distributor.
Peter Pond (January 18, 1739 or 1740 – 1807) was a soldier with a Connecticut Regiment, a fur trader, a founding member of the North West Company and the Beaver Club, an explorer and a cartographer.
Through his business he became acquainted with Alexander Henry the elder, Simon McTavish and the brothers Thomas, Benjamin and Joseph Frobisher.
In 1776–1778 he wintered at a fur post he established at the junction of the Sturgeon River and North Saskatchewan River near present-day Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
There he explored waterways around Lake Athabasca and determined the approximate locations of Great Slave Lake and Great Bear Lake from First Nations peoples of the area.
From his notes and diaries Peter Pond drew a map showing rivers and lakes of the Athabasca region, including what was known of the whole area from Hudson Bay to the Rocky Mountains and interpolating his information to the Arctic Ocean or Northwest Passage.
In 1785, one copy of Pond's map, accompanied by a detailed report, was submitted to the United States Congress and a second to the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, Henry Hamilton.
Pond needed financial support to carry his explorations to the limits of North America's northwest, but the British government was not forthcoming.
A partner in the North West Company, founded in 1784, he was in charge of the company business in the Athabasca and Peace River areas.
An ambitious man with a reputation for having a violent temper, he was implicated in two murders (one of a rival trader): Although acquitted on the murder charges, the company replaced him with Alexander Mackenzie.
In the process of taking over the management of the business Mackenzie learned a great deal from Peter Pond about the Athabasca and Peace River region.
Mackenzie was intrigued by Pond's belief that the tributaries of that area, which could be seen gathering into a great river flowing northwestward, flowed to the Northwest Passage.
Mackenzie took the initiative to follow up on Pond's belief and followed this great river to its mouth; the watercourse, now called the Mackenzie River, did in fact flow to the Northwest Passage section of the Arctic Ocean.
Peter Pond had contributed to the mapping of Canada by drawing the general outline of the river basin that Mackenzie recorded in 1789.
The maps that Peter Pond subsequently drew, based on his explorations and on the information provided to him by First Nations peoples, ultimately gained international recognition for Pond at the end of the 18th century.
He was born Edward Albert Schäfer, in Hornsey in London, the third son of Jessie Brown and James William Henry Schäfer, a merchant born in Hamburg, who had come to England as a young man, and was a naturalised citizen.
He was appointed Assistant Professor of Practical Physiology in 1874 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1878 when he was 28 years old.
He was Fullerian Professor at the Royal Institution and became Jodrell Professor at UCL in 1883, a position he held until 1899 when he was appointed to the chair of physiology at the University of Edinburgh (replacing the late William Rutherford) where he remained until his retirement in 1933 and becoming Emeritus Professor thereafter.
In 1902 he commissioned the Scottish architect Robert Lorimer to design Marly Knowe, a substantial Arts and Crafts villa in the coastal town of North Berwick, east of Edinburgh.
Schafer became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1878, was president of the British Science Association in 1911–1912, was president of the British Medical Association in 1912.
He was married twice, firstly in 1878 to Maud Dixey and after her death in 1896, in 1900 he married Ethel Maud Roberts.
There were four children by his first marriage, however, he outlived three of them: his eldest daughter died in 1905 and both his sons died in action in World War I.
Following the death of his eldest son, John Sharpey Schafer, the name of ‘Sharpey', which had been given as a middle name, was hyphenated to Schafer, becoming thereafter (from 1918) Sharpey-Schafer.
His grandson, Edward Peter Sharpey-Schafer, was Professor of Medicine at St Thomas' Hospital, London from 1948 until his death in 1963.
Darton is a large village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley (part of South Yorkshire), on the border with West Yorkshire, England.
At the time of the 2001 UK census, it had a population of 14,927, increasing to 21,345 for both Darton Wards (East & West) at the 2011 Census.
Formerly part of the now defunct Barnsley West and Penistone borough constituency, following the Boundary Commission for England's report on South Yorkshire's Parliamentary constituencies in 2004 and an inquiry in 2005, it is now part of the Barnsley Central borough constituency.
Darton lies on the River Dearne, directly to the east of Kexbrough, and is situated about west of Mapplewell, north of Barnsley, south-west of Wakefield, south-east of Huddersfield, south of Leeds, and north of Sheffield.
It is served by the A637 road and is bisected by the M1 motorway (junction 38 being a mile to the north).
However, other sources dispute this explanation and claim that the name originates from a description given to a deer enclosure or something similar.
The hamlet grew to become a village so the Parish of Darton was founded in 1150, when the first church was built.
The parish was historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire and became a part of the former county of South Yorkshire upon its creation in 1974.
The reason for this is because the West-South Yorkshire boundary ran between the village and its main source of employment, Woolley Colliery.
On 15 June 2007, Darton hit the national headlines after 48 hours of torrential rain caused the River Dearne to burst its banks leading to heavy flooding in the village.
The main road through the village was rendered impassable and many homes and businesses were damaged, including the village post office, which re-opened in June 2008.
Further flooding occurred in January 2008, although the damage and disruption caused this time was not as bad as the previous year's.
The new building (and rebranded school) replaced Darton High School -previously Darton Hall Senior School - that had been on the site since 1957.
The area of 285.44 km (28,544 ha) between 3100m and 4450m above sea level offers a tundra vegetation on a jagged landscape of hills and valleys.
The highest point is the 4,450 m high Cerro Arquitectos (Architects Hill), and the elevation of roads reaches higher than 4,310 meters (13,550 feet).
Luspa is the largest of these lake and extends over 78 hectares with a maximum depth of 68 m at a perimeter of 5,161 m. Like the other lakes it is of glacial origin, and glaciation shaped the landscape of Cajas leaving U-shaped valleys and ravines.
Two of the four rivers of Cuenca originate from Cajas, the Tomebamba and Yanuncay rivers which eventually drain into the Amazon river.
Humidity and high altitude with low atmospheric pressure create an ecosystem that accumulates organic material in the soil that is able to retain water.
In the lower parts of the park, the cloud forest and perennial high mountain forest are present, primarily in the ravines near the brooks and rivers.
The high variety of amphibians suggests the presence of a diversity of insects, as they are a chief amphibian food source.
This includes three interregional roads connecting Guapondelig (later Tomebamba, today Cuenca) with the lowlands including Paredones, a control point for the trade between the highlands and the coastal areas.
Twenty-eight archeological sites have been identified in the park and its vicinity that indicate inhabitation during the pre-Incan and Incan periods.
One copy is at the following libraries: the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the Suleymaniye Library in Istanbul, the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg.
The al-Harīrī Maqāmāt, also called the Schefer Maqāmāt, was illustrated by al-Wasiti and contains the highest amount of illustrations as well as being the most studied by scholars.
A century later, al-Hariri of Basra extended the genre and ensured its popularity by elevating it to a literary art form.
Typically, there are 50 unrelated episodes in which the rogue character, often in disguise, tricks the narrator out of his money and leads him into various straitened, embarrassing, and even violent circumstances.
The earliest maqama, especially those by al-Hamadani, made use of anecdotes collected in the 9th century by earlier writers, such as al-Jahiz and al-Taniikhi, but used a narrator to introduce the anecdote.
Al-Hamadani’s innovation was to apply saj’ (an ornate form of rhyming prose, interspersed with verse), to the retelling of fictional anecdotes.
In April, 1111, the Andalus poet and scholar, Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ali al-Qudai attended a recitation by al-Hariri in his Baghdad garden, and was so impressed that he encouraged a small group of Andalus intellectuals to travel to Baghdad to hear the master recite his work.
Ten different illustrated editions were known for many years, but with the discovery of a new illustrated edition in 1960, the total now stands at eleven.
However, illustrations were added to maqamat to add grandeur and interest to the manuscripts, even though the text was usually performed orally in large groups, rather than read in solitude.
The human figures expressed in these illustrations tended to be quite large in relation to the architecture they were occupying as well as typically against a blank, white background.
Most of these images either took up an entire or half page, but were not incorporated within the text as a whole.
While some of the images refer to the previous text in the manuscript, scholars cannot necessarily determine the relationship between the image and the text when they do not appear to relate to each other.
Although the illustrations have a clear correlation with the text, the text does not need these images to serve its purpose.
For example, the text is read by the audience who are experts of Arabic language and literature, while the images can be helpful for those with less formal education.
While the captions that were added to these illustrations did correspond to the text, they were often simplistic or only identified the figures in the image.
However, this woman is instead the trickster Abu Zayd who is using these children as a ploy for empathy from the congregation of people.
However, these captions could also have been used to clarify what the illustrator failed to render in the images, rather than just an explanation of the scene produced.
Captions also created a sense of picture framing in instances of small spaces for the text, often resulting in bent captions that created an enclosure for the picture.
This is shown through the emphasis of the outline, the dramatic behavior and mobile gestures of figures, the strong contrast between figures and the background, and the tendency of the figures being present in an unregulated setting.
In other words, these images can help viewers understand the reason for a dramatic difference between the text and paintings by suggesting that these images were not made as an aid of the text, but rather as stand alone paintings.
One of the main instances of Christian inspiration originates from the use of gold circles surrounding a figure's head to denote its holiness, typically used for saints in early medieval Christian manuscripts.
However, it was not meant to signify a sacred figure, but rather it is thought to create a distinction from the blank background because of its common use for ordinary figures throughout the illustrations.
Another Christian motif employed in these manuscripts is the particular treatment of the sky which also appeared in some Byzantine manuscripts.
At this time, typical Islamic gravestones were minimalistic without many inscriptions, while several Jewish cemeteries included a type of small stepped stone grave marker.
The use of vegetal designs and specific rendering of authority figures also alludes back to the style of the Islamic world which can be seen through the Arabic translations of the Greek teachings of Dioscorides.
With this work, al-Ḥarīzī sought to raise the literary prestige of Hebrew to exceed that of Classical Arabic, just as the bulk of Iberian Jewry was finding itself living in a Spanish-speaking, Latin- or Hebrew-literate environment and Arabic was becoming less commonly studied and read.
Andraé Edward Crouch (July 1, 1942 – January 8, 2015) was an American gospel singer, songwriter, arranger, record producer and pastor.
He collaborated on some of his recordings with artists, such as Stevie Wonder, El DeBarge, Philip Bailey, Chaka Khan, Sheila E. and vocal group Take 6, and many recording artists covered his material, including, Bob Dylan, Barbara Mandrell, Paul Simon, Elvis Presley and Little Richard.
Awards and honors received by him include seven Grammy Awards, induction into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1998, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Andraé Edward Crouch was born, along with his twin sister, Sandra, on July 1, 1942, in San Francisco, California to parents Benjamin and Catherine (née Hodnett) Crouch.
When he was young, Crouch's parents owned and operated Crouch Cleaners, a dry-cleaning business, as well as a restaurant business in Los Angeles, California.
In addition to running the family's businesses, Crouch's parents also had a Christian street-preaching ministry and a hospital and prison ministry.
When Crouch was 11, his father was invited to speak for several weeks at a small church as a guest preacher.
More musicians were being added and the group's membership by the early 1970s included Fletch Wiley on trumpet, Harlan Rogers on keyboards, Hadley Hockensmith on guitar, and Bill Maxwell on drums.
Joe Sample, Wilton Felder, Dean Parks, David Paich, Phillip Bailey, Stevie Wonder, El DeBarge, and other secular artists were included in Crouch's recording sessions.
Crouch has been credited as a key figure in Jesus music of the 1960s and 1970s and, as a result, helping to bring about contemporary Christian music into the church.
As well, he is also credited with helping to bridge the gap between black and white Christian music and revolutionizing the sound of urban Gospel music.
Though sometimes criticized for diluting the Christian message by using contemporary music styles, his songs have become staples in churches and hymnals around the world and have been recorded by mainstream artists such as Elvis Presley and Paul Simon.
His affiliation with Light Records was instrumental in bringing Walter and Tramaine Hawkins, Jessy Dixon and The Winans to the label, from where they all enjoyed successful gospel music careers.
The album featured a wide range of artists performing Crouch's classic songs and featured the Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir, Take 6, Twila Paris, and Michael W. Smith.
Crouch was arrested and released several hours later on $2,500 bail, maintaining the drugs belonged to a friend who had been staying in his apartment.
After his father's death, Crouch and his sister took over the shared duty of senior pastor at the church his parents founded, Christ Memorial Church of God in Christ in Pacoima, California.
Crouch survived a number of personal attacks from four different forms of cancer, which claimed the life of his mother, father and brother in 1993 and 1994.
In 2004, he became the only living Gospel artist – and just the third in history – to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Toronto won the NHL playoff and then won the Stanley Cup by defeating the PCHA's Vancouver Millionaires three games to two in a best-of-five series.
In November 1917, the owners of the NHA, apparently unwilling to continue the league with Toronto NHA owner Eddie Livingstone, decided to suspend the NHA and form a new league, the NHL, without Livingstone.
Barclay was informed by the directors that Toronto would not play in the 1917–18 season due to the difficulty of operating a five-team league, both in scheduling and availability of players during wartime.
On November 9, 1917, it was reported that the Toronto NHA franchise was sold to Charles Querrie of the Toronto Arena corporation.
At this point, NHA president Robertson and secretary Frank Calder denied that the NHA would change, dissolve or adopt other subterfuge.
The November 10, 1917, annual meeting of the NHA was presided over by Calder, and attended by Martin Rosenthal and E.P Dey for Ottawa; Sam Lichtenheim for the Wanderers; George Kennedy for the Canadiens and M. J. Quinn and Charles Fremont for Quebec.
At the meeting, Livingstone was represented by J. F. Boland, who stated that if the league operates that the Toronto franchise intended to be a full member.
There then followed a period of speculation in the newspapers as to whether Quebec would play in the new season and what would be the league organization.
If Quebec could play then the Toronto players would be dispersed; if Quebec could not play then the Toronto players would be loaned to a temporary Toronto franchise.
The franchise used the players of the Blueshirts, including those who had been transferred to other NHA teams for the second half of the 1916–17 NHA season.
While Livingstone agreed to a lease of the team, the NHL owners did not intend to share any revenues from the players.
The NHA had a pending lawsuit against the 228th Battalion, and could or would not fold until after that was heard.
According to McFarlane, the owners of the Quebec franchise asked $200 per man selected; but the amount received by the franchise is not recorded.
The Wanderers took four players, but overlooked great Joe Malone, who was picked up by the Canadiens, who also took Joe Hall.
On January 9, 1918, the league decided to allow goaltenders to drop to the ice surface in order to make saves.
The Wanderers then lost the next three games and owner Lichtenhein threatened to withdraw from the league unless he could get some players.
The Wanderers loaned Holmes to the Seattle Metropolitans of the PCHA, but he eventually found his way back to the NHL when Seattle loaned him to Toronto.
A league meeting was planned to deal with the situation, but on January 2, 1918, the matter was resolved when the Montreal Arena burned down, leaving the Canadiens and Wanderers homeless.
The Hamilton arena offered to provide a home for the Wanderers, but Lichtenhein disbanded the team on January 4, after the other clubs refused to give him any players.
The first game of the season, and in league history, featured the visiting Montreal Canadiens defeat the Ottawa Senators 7-4, with Joe Malone scoring five of Montreal's seven goals.
Montreal's Dave Ritchie scored the first goal in NHL history and Harry Hyland had four goals (the league's first hat trick) in the Wanderers' 10–9 victory, which would be their only one in the NHL; Player-coach Art Ross earned the league's first penalty.
Both players received match penalties, $15 fines and were arrested by the Toronto Police for disorderly conduct, for which they received suspended sentences.
He tossed his bag of pennies onto the ice prior to the game against Ottawa, and one of the Ottawa players banged it with his stick, scattering the pennies around the ice.
The deadline did expire, and the once-powerful team that had been known as the Little Men of Iron was thrown onto the scrap heap of hockey history.
Montreal had won the first half of the NHL split season with 20 points and Toronto had won the second half with 10.
Although Vancouver's Mickey MacKay was described as sensational in the fifth and deciding game, it was Corbett Denneny of Toronto who scored the winning goal and Toronto won the Stanley Cup.
It remained under the care of the Canadiens who had won it in 1917, until the death of their owner, George Kennedy, in 1921, when the NHL made arrangements to re-use the trophy.
He was world champion in 1948 and 1950, won the last stage of the 1947 Tour de France and finished second in the epic 1948 Tour, behind Gino Bartali.
He was asked by Keith Richards and Brian Jones to be the lead singer of a group they were forming, but he turned them down.
The production was directed by Nicolas Young and transferred to London's Shaftesbury Theatre for a limited season opening on 7 December 1977.
In 1979, he founded The Blues Band and is a member of the Manfreds, a group reuniting several original members of Manfred Mann, and has also played the harmonica as a session musician.
It was produced by Carla Olson in Los Angeles and features Eric Clapton, Jake Andrews, Ernie Watts, Percy Sledge, Alvino Bennett, Tony Marsico, Michael Thompson, Tom Morgan Jr., Oren Waters and Luther Waters.
On 4 May 2009 Jones and his harmonica featured in a song during a concert by Joe Bonamassa at the Royal Albert Hall in London.
Jones attended Portsmouth Grammar School and moved to the Edinburgh Academy for his last two years of school before winning an Open Exhibition in English to Jesus College, Oxford, although he did not graduate.
He converted to Christianity in the mid-1980s as the result of being invited by Cliff Richard to a Luis Palau evangelistic event.
Jones had appeared opposite Richard in the 1960s, on a television debate show where he had, at the time, opposed Richard's viewpoint.
In library and information science it is an important subject, both purely theoretically and as applied science aiming at designing interfaces which support browsing activities for the user.
As with any kind of human psychology is, browsing understood in biological, behavioral or cognitive terms on the one hand or in social, historical and cultural terms on the other hand.
According to Hjørland (2011a), on the other hand, Marcia Bates' browsing for information about browsing is governed by her behavioral assumptions, while Hjørland's browsing for information about browsing is governed by his socio-cultural understanding of human psychology.
We may dynamically change our theories and conceptions but when we browse, the activity is governed by the interests, conceptions, priorities and metatheories that we have at that time.
Analytic strategies are batch oriented and half duplex (turn talking) like human conversation, whereas browsing strategies are more interactive, real-time exchanges and collaborations between the information seeker and the information system.
It is discussion about theory: about what concepts it should include, about how those concepts should be linked, and about how theory should be studied.
Similar to Kuhn’s paradigms, theories of this sort provide guidelines or strategies for understanding social phenomena and suggest the proper orientation of the theorist to these phenomena; they are orienting strategies.
We may generalize and say that all people use metatheories as orienting strategies and that this is what direct our attention and also our browsing - also when we are not conscious about it.
Yu the Great (c. 2123 – 2025 BC), also known as Yu the Engineer, was a legendary ruler in ancient China who was famed for his introduction of flood control, his establishment of the Xia dynasty which inaugurated dynastic rule in China, and his upright moral character.
The dates which have been proposed for Yu's reign predate the oldest-known written records in China, the oracle bones of the late Shang dynasty, by nearly a millennium.
Yu's name was not inscribed on any artifacts which were produced during the proposed era in which he lived, nor was it inscribed on the later oracle bones; his name was first inscribed on vessels which date back to the Western Zhou period (c. 1045–771 BC).
Thus, proponents of his existence theorize that stories about his life and reign were orally transmitted in various areas of China until they were eventually recorded during the Zhou dynasty, while opponents of it believe that the figure existed in legend in a different form—as a god or a mythical animal—during the Xia dynasty, and morphed into a human figure by the start of the Zhou dynasty.
According to several ancient Chinese records, Yu was the eight-times-great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor: Yu's father, Gun, was the five-times-great-grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu; Zhuanxu's father, Changyi, was the second son of the Yellow Emperor.
Yu was said to have been born at Mount Wen (), in modern-day Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, though there are debates as to whether he was born in Shifang instead.
The two most probable locations are Mount Tu in Anhui Province and the Tu Peak of the Southern Mountain in Chongqing Municipality.
During the reign of king Yao, the Chinese heartland was frequently plagued by floods that prevented further economic and social development.
He spent more than nine years building a series of dikes and dams along the riverbanks, but all of this was ineffective, despite (or because of) the great number and size of these dikes and the use of a special self-expanding soil.
As an adult, Yu continued his father's work and made a careful study of the river systems in an attempt to learn why his father's great efforts had failed.
Collaborating with Hou Ji, a semi-mythical agricultural master about whom little is concretely known, Yu successfully devised a system of flood controls that were crucial in establishing the prosperity of the Chinese heartland.
Instead of directly damming the rivers' flow, Yu made a system of irrigation canals which relieved floodwater into fields, as well as spending great effort dredging the riverbeds.
Yu is said to have eaten and slept with the common workers and spent most of his time personally assisting the work of dredging the silty beds of the rivers for the thirteen years the projects took to complete.
The dredging and irrigation were successful, and allowed ancient Chinese culture to flourish along the Yellow River, Wei River, and other waterways of the Chinese heartland.
In particular, Mount Longmen along the Yellow River had a very narrow channel which blocked water from flowing freely east toward the ocean.
In one common story, Yu had only been married four days when he was given the task of fighting the flood.
During the thirteen years of flooding, he passed by his own family's doorstep three times, but each time he did not return inside his own home.
Each time, Yu refused to go in the door, saying that as the flood was rendering countless number of people homeless, he could not rest.
King Shun, who reigned after Yao, was so impressed by Yu's engineering work and diligence that he passed the throne to Yu instead of to his own son.
Yu is said to have initially declined the throne, but was so popular with other local lords and chiefs that he agreed to become the new emperor, at age 53.
He established a capital at Anyi (), the ruins of which are in modern Xia County in southern Shanxi Province, and founded what would be called the Xia dynasty, traditionally considered China's first dynasty.
Yu's flood control work is said to have made him intimately familiar with all regions of what was then Han Chinese territory.
These were Jizhou (), Yanzhou (), Qingzhou (), Xuzhou (), Yangzhou (), Jingzhou (), Yuzhou (), Liangzhou () and Yongzhou ().
According to the Bamboo Annals, Yu killed one of the northern leaders, Fangfeng () to reinforce his hold on the throne.
It is said that he died at Mount Kuaiji, south of present-day Shaoxing, while on a hunting tour to the eastern frontier of his empire, and was buried there.
The Yu mausoleum () known today was first built in the 6th century AD (Southern and Northern Dynasties period) in his honor.
No inscriptions on artifacts dated to the supposed era of Yu, or the later oracle bones, contain any mention of Yu.
The first archeological evidence of Yu comes from vessels made about a thousand years after his supposed death, during the Western Zhou dynasty.
The Doubting Antiquity School of early-20th-century historians, for example, theorized that Yu was not a person in the earliest legends, but rather a god or mythical animal who was connected with water and possibly with the mythical Dragon Kings and their control over water.
According to this theory, Yu (as god or animal) was represented on ceremonial bronzes by the early Xia people, and by the start of the Zhou Dynasty, the legendary figure had morphed into the first man, who could control water, and it was only during the Zhou Dynasty that the legendary figures that now precede Yu were added to the orthodox legendary lineage.
Owing to his involvement in China's mythical Great Flood, Yu also came to be regarded as a water deity in Taoism and the Chinese folk religions.
Ricardo Alonso González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), usually known as Pancho Gonzales, and sometimes as Richard Gonzales, was an American tennis player who has been rated one of the greatest in the history of the sport.
He won 14 major singles titles (12 Pro Slam, 2 Grand Slam) and was the dominant professional of the 1950s, winning seven professional tours between 1954 and 1961; he still holds the men's all-time record of being ranked world No.
Many of his peers on the professional circuit were intimidated by him, and he was often at odds with officials and promoters.
He received tennis analysis from his friend, Chuck Pate, but mostly taught himself to play by watching other players on the public courts at nearby Exposition Park in Los Angeles.
Once he discovered tennis, he lost interest in school and began a troubled adolescence in which he was occasionally pursued by truant officers and policemen.
Due to his lack of school attendance and occasional minor brushes with the law, he was ostracized by the tennis establishment of the 1940s.
The headquarters for tennis activity was the Los Angeles Tennis Club, which actively trained other top players such as the youthful Jack Kramer.
During that time, the head of the Southern California Tennis Association, and the most powerful man in California tennis was Perry T. Jones.
Jones was not only the head of California tennis, but much of the country, because the favorable climate gave that region a head start in tennis.
Although Gonzales was a promising junior, once Jones discovered that the youth was truant from school, Jones banned him from playing tournaments.
He then joined the Navy just as World War II was ending and served for two years, finally receiving a bad-conduct discharge in 1947.
Other sources generally credit him as being an inch or two shorter but in any case he would enjoy a clear advantage in height over a number of his most prominent rivals, particularly Pancho Segura, Ken Rosewall, and Rod Laver, all of whom were at least 5 or 6 inches shorter.
Despite his lack of playing time while in the Navy, and as a mostly unknown 19-year-old in 1947, Gonzales achieved a national ranking of No.
Following that, in the last major tournament of the year, the Pacific Southwest, played at the Los Angeles Tennis Club, he beat three internationally known names, Jaroslav Drobný, Bob Falkenburg, and Frank Parker, before losing in the semifinals to Ted Schroeder.
The following year, Perry T. Jones relented in his opposition to Gonzales and sponsored his trip East to play in the major tournaments.
The top-ranked American player, Schroeder, decided at the last moment not to play in the U.S. Championships and Gonzales was seeded No.
To the surprise of most observers, he won it fairly easily by a straight-set victory over the South African Eric Sturgess in the finals with his powerful serve-and-volley game.
This was Gonzales's only major tournament victory of the year, but it was enough to let him finish the year ranked as the number one American player.
In 1949, Gonzales performed poorly at Wimbledon, where he was seeded second but lost in the fourth round to Geoff Brown, and was derided for his performance by some of the press.
When Gonzales returned to the United States Championships in 1949, once again to the surprise of many observers, he repeated his victory of the previous year.
The only time Gonzales had beaten Schroeder, he was playing with a nose that had been broken the day before by his doubles partner's tennis racquet during a misplayed point at the net.
Bobby Riggs, who had been counting on signing Schroeder to play Kramer on the professional tour, was then forced to reluctantly sign Gonzales instead.
Gonzales was badly beaten in his first year on the professional tour, 94 matches to 29, by the reigning king of professional tennis, Jack Kramer.
During this time, Gonzales's personality apparently changed from that of a friendly, happy-go-lucky youngster to the hard-bitten loner he became known as for the rest of his life.
He was a hamburger-and-hot-dog guy to start with and had no concept of diet in training... On the court, Gorgo would swig Cokes through a match... Also Gorgo was a pretty heavy cigarette smoker.
He bought the tennis shop at Exposition Park and ran that while playing in short tours and occasional professional tournaments throughout the world.
In spite of his infrequent play (because first Riggs, then Kramer, as promoters of the pro tour, didn't want him as the headliner of their tours), he had nevertheless raised his game to a higher level than before and once again was winning most of his matches.
Precise records of this time are difficult to locate but Gonzales asserts in his autobiography that after the decisive loss to Kramer in their 1950 tour he then beat his old antagonist 11 times in their next 16 matches.
In the southern hemisphere summer of 1950–51, Gonzales toured Australia and New Zealand with Dinny Pails, Frank Parker, and Don Budge.
In December 1950, Pails won the short tour in New Zealand, but in January and February 1951 Gonzales won a second and longer tour in Australia.
Though Gonzales also won Wembley in 1951 (where Kramer was not entered), it is probable that both Kramer and Segura were marginally better players that year.
Although the Professional Lawn Tennis Association issued rankings at the end of 1952 in which they called Segura the world pro No.
The year before, for instance, when Kramer had beaten Segura 64 matches to 28 (or 58–27 according to Kramer) in their championship tour, they had nevertheless ranked Segura as the world No.
Gonzales was recorded as hitting the fastest one, 112.88 mph, followed by Kramer at 107.8 and Welby Van Horn at 104.
In 1953, Gonzales was omitted by Kramer (by now also a promoter) from the big pro tour, which featured Segura, Frank Sedgman (seven-time Grand Slam singles winner), Ken McGregor (the 1952 Australian Open winner) and Kramer himself.
Through lack of top-level opposition, Gonzales' form suffered; at Wembley 1953 and two days later in Paris, he was severely crushed by Sedgman, the eventual winner of these tournaments.
In late 1953, Kramer, then a temporarily retired player (due to his back troubles), signed Gonzales (a seven-year contract) to play in a 1954 US tour also featuring Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, and Donald Budge (the latter being replaced in March 1954 by Carl Earn for the last weeks of the tour).
After this tour, Gonzales won the inaugural Cleveland World Pro held at the Cleveland Arena where all the best, except Pails, were present.
In early June 1954, Gonzales won the U.S. Professional Championships that Kramer was authorized by the USPLTA to hold at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in California.
This event was the successor to the 1951 U.S. Professional Championships tournament at Forest Hills, where Gonzales had finished runner-up to Segura, who was now regarded as the defending champion in the 1954 L.A. U.S.
1 and defeated both Sedgman and Segura, the latter in a close five set final, to win the Benrus Cup, emblematic of the U.S. Professional Championships.
Later that year Gonzales enjoyed further success: he swept the Australian Tour of November–December 1954 by beating Sedgman 16–9, McGregor 15–0, and Segura, 4–2.
Although he was beaten by the Australian Dinny Pails in the last competition of the year, Gonzales had clearly established himself as the top player in the world in 1954.
Gonzales was the dominant player in the men's game for the next seven years, beating such tennis greats as Sedgman, Tony Trabert, Ken Rosewall, Lew Hoad, Mal Anderson, and Ashley Cooper on a regular basis.
During this time Gonzales was known for his fiery will to win, his cannonball serve, and his all-conquering net game, a combination so potent that the rules on the professional tour were briefly changed to prohibit him from advancing to the net immediately after serving.
Under the new rules, the returned serve had to bounce before the server could make his own first shot, thereby keeping Gonzales from playing his usual serve-and-volley game.
So great was his ability to raise his game to the highest possible level, particularly in the fifth set of long matches, Allen Fox has said that he never once saw Gonzales lose service when serving for the set or the match.
Much of Gonzales's competitive fire during these years derived from the anger he felt at being paid much less than the players he was regularly beating.
In 1956, for instance, he was paid $15,000 while his touring opponent, the recently turned professional Tony Trabert, had a contract for $80,000.
He had a poor and often adversarial relationship with most of the other players and generally travelled and lived by himself, showing up only in time to play his match, then moving on alone to the next town.
Gonzales and Jack Kramer, the long-time promoter of the tour, had a bitter and inimical relationship dating to the days when Kramer had first beaten the youthful Gonzales on his initial tour.
As much as he disliked Gonzales, however, Kramer knew that Gonzales was the star attraction of the touring professionals and that without him there would be no tour at all.
He was a loner, sullen most of the time, with a big chip on his shoulder and he rarely associated with us on the road.
Instead he'd appear at the appointed hour for his match, then vanish back into the night without saying a word to anyone.
In the 1963 United States Professional Championship, which were held that year at the hallowed Forest Hills courts, Gonzales both dismayed and infuriated his colleagues by being the only player who was paid for his participation.
Having learned by bitter experience about the exigencies of the pro tour, Gonzales had demanded, and received, $5,000 in advance for his appearance in the tournament.
Ken Rosewall eventually beat Rod Laver in the finals but neither of them collected a penny: the promoter had failed to obtain a television contract, could not meet his costs and couldn't pay any prize money to any of the players.
In 1956, Gonzales beat the athletic Tony Trabert by 74–27, a series made more compelling by the fact that the two players disliked each other intensely.
Gonzales and Trabert played a five-set final at Roland Garros that year, with Trabert, a clay-court giant, winning in the fifth set.
It was still painful, however, when Gonzales beat Rosewall in their initial match and eventually won their brief Australian tour 7 matches to 3, with Rosewall beating Gonzales in a tournament whose results did not count towards the series total.
By the time the tour opened in New York in late February, the cyst had shrunk considerably and Gonzales went on to beat Rosewall by a final score of 50 matches to 26.
By this time, however, it was apparent that Rosewall would be fully competitive with Gonzales, so Kramer told Gonzales to return to his normal game — and that he could keep his additional five percent.
Gonzales would win the Australian series against Rosewall 7 to 3, and would build a lifetime head-to-head against Rosewall on grass of 22 to 12.
The most difficult challenge that Gonzales faced during those years came from Lew Hoad, the very powerful young Australian who had won four Grand Slam titles as an amateur.
Also, Hoad suffered back trouble beginning in early March which reduced his ability to play at a high level and caused a drastic turnaround in results on the tour.
Gonzales played Hoad again the following year and lost the head-to-head series 13 to 15, but achieved a perfect record against rookies Cooper and Anderson to keep his world championship title.
Gonzales finished second to Hoad on the 1959/1960 Ampol World Tournament Championship tour, winning four of the tournaments, losing the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions final to Hoad, but winning the Sydney Tournament of Champions, where he beat Hoad in the final.
Hoad was Gonzales' toughest opponent on grass, holding a 20 to 14 lifetime edge on grass against Gonzales, although Gonzales held a lifetime head-to-head edge against Rosewall on grass of 22 to 12.
Kramer sees as evidence of Gonzales's superiority over Laver the fact that Gonzales defeated Laver in a US$10,000 winner-take-all, five-set match before 15,000 spectators in New York's Madison Square Garden in January 1970, when Gonzales was 41 years old and Laver was still considered the World No.
On the other hand, Gonzales was still a top ten player when this match occurred and Laver subsequently won the tournament event played there, beating Gonzales in a straight sets semifinal.
Most of Gonzales's career as a professional took place before the start of the Open era of tennis in April 1968, and he was therefore ineligible to compete at the Grand Slam events between the end of 1949 (when he turned pro) and the start of the open era in April 1968.
As has been observed about other great players such as Rod Laver, Gonzales almost certainly would have won a number of additional Grand Slam titles had he been permitted to compete in those tournaments during that 18-year period.
Jack Kramer, for instance, has speculated in an article about the theoretical champions of Forest Hills and Wimbledon that Gonzales would have won an additional 11 titles in those two tournaments alone.
The then-24-year-old Cox beat Gonzales at the British Hard Court Championships at Bournemouth, in four sets in two and a quarter hours.
In spite of the fact that he had been semi-retired for a number of years and that the tournament was held on slow clay courts that penalize serve-and-volley players, Gonzales beat the 1967 defending champion Roy Emerson in the quarterfinals.
He lost in the third round of 1968 Wimbledon but later beat the second-seeded Tony Roche in the fourth round of the 1968 US Open, before losing an epic match to the Dutch Tom Okker.
In 1969, it was Gonzales's turn to prevail in the longest match ever played till that time, one so long and arduous that it resulted in the advent of tie break scoring.
As a 41-year-old at Wimbledon, Gonzales met Charlie Pasarell, a Puerto Rican younger than Gonzales by 16 years who revered his opponent.
Pasarell won a lengthy 46-game first set, then with daylight fading, the 41-year-old Gonzales argued that the match should be suspended.
Pasarell, seeking to exploit Gonzales's advanced years, tried to aim soft service returns at Gonzales's feet and tire him with frequent lobs.
In the fifth set, Gonzales saved all seven match points that Pasarell had against him, twice coming back from 0–40 deficits, to walk off the court the eventual winner in a 5-hour, 12-minute match.
But it was not this match alone which gave Gonzales the reputation, among the top players, of being the greatest long-match player in the history of the game.
The match would (largely due to the introduction of the tie break) remain the longest in terms of games played until the 11 hours and 183 games long Isner–Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.
Roy Emerson, the Australian player who won 12 major titles during the 1960s as an amateur when most of the best players in the world were professionals, turned pro in early 1968 at the age of 31, having won the French Championships the year before.
Another great Australian player was Ken Rosewall, who won eight major titles during his long career, first as an amateur, then as a professional in the early years of open tennis.
In late 1969, Gonzales won the Howard Hughes Open in Las Vegas and the Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles, beating, among others, John Newcombe, Ken Rosewall, Stan Smith (twice), Cliff Richey, and Arthur Ashe.
Their most famous meeting was a $10,000 winner-take-all match before a crowd of 15,000 in Madison Square Garden in February 1970.
Coming just after the Australian had completed a calendar-year sweep of the Grand Slams, the 41-year-old Gonzales beat Laver in five sets.
He became the oldest player to have ever won a professional tournament, winning the 1972 Des Moines Open, which was part of the USLTA Indoor Circuit, over 24-year-old Georges Goven when he was three months shy of his 44th birthday.
In spite of the fact that he was still known as a serve-and-volley player, in 1971, when he was 43 and Jimmy Connors was 19, he beat the great young baseliner by playing him from the baseline at the Pacific Southwest Open.
Around this time, Gonzalez relocated to Las Vegas to be the Tennis Director at Caesars Palace, and he hired Chuck Pate, his childhood friend, to run the Pro Shop.
In June 1972, Gonzales reached the semifinals of the Queen's Club Championships, at age 44, and was leading by a set against John Paish when he was disqualified by the tournament referee after an argument over the replacement of a linesman.
González's parents, Manuel Antonio González and Carmen Alire Alonso, migrated from the Mexican state of Chihuahua to the U.S. in the early 1900s.
However, according to other sources, Gonzales's father worked as a house-painter and he, along with his six siblings, were raised in a working-class neighborhood.
González had a long scar across his left cheek that, according to his autobiography, some members of the mass media of the 1940s attributed to his being a Mexican-American pachuco and hence involved in knife fights.
The scar was actually the result of a prosaic street accident in 1935 when he was seven years old: pushing a scooter too fast, he ran into a passing car and had his cheek gashed open by its door handle.
Described as an adequate but unmotivated commentator, Gonzales would issue thoughtful comments – often magnanimous, occasionally harsh, always candid – on contemporary pros not unlike an old soldier who'd preferred dying in battle than merely fading away.
For decades Gonzales had made $75,000 a year from an endorsement contract with Spalding for racquets and balls but was unable to get along with the company personnel.
He had also been the Tennis Director and Tournament Director at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip for 16 years, another lucrative job.
Gonzales married and divorced six times and had nine children: he wed his childhood sweetheart, Henrietta Pedrin, on March 23, 1948; they had three children.
He married actress (and Miss Rheingold of 1958) Madelyn Darrow twice; they had three children including twin girls, she currently lives in Fountain Valley.
According to Price's article, Rita's father, Mike Agassi, a 1952 Olympian on the Iranian boxing team who had become a successful casino host in Las Vegas, hated Gonzales so much that he considered having him killed.
Gonzales had coached the young Rita until she had rebelled against her father's 5,000-balls-a-day-regimen and first moved in with, then married, on March 31, 1984, the much older Gonzales.
Years before, Mike Agassi, already a tennis fanatic, had once served as a linesman for one of Gonzales's professional matches in Chicago.
Gonzales had upbraided Agassi so severely for perceived miscalls that Agassi had walked away and gone to sit in the stands.
Following a 10 month battle with stomach cancer, Gonzales died on July 3, 1995 in Las Vegas at the age of 67, in poverty and almost friendless, estranged from his ex-wives and children except for Rita and their son, Skylar.
From 1934 through 1967, during the Golden Age of Tennis, when Vines, Perry, Budge, Riggs, Kramer, Gonzales, Segura, Sedgman, Trabert, Hoad, Rosewall, and Laver were the top tier players, Gonzales was considered the best of this period.
Since 1968, with the first Grand Slam of the Open era at the French Open, champions such as Rod Laver, Jimmy Connors, Björn Borg, John McEnroe, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Roger Federer have been considered by their contemporaries to be greater players than Tilden or Gonzales.
Many people connected with the game, however, consider Gonzales to be the best male player in tennis history, because he was the world No.
In the article world number one male tennis player rankings Bill Tilden with Rod Laver are the next closest to Gonzales with seven No.1 ratings, followed by Pete Sampras and Ken Rosewall with six each.
Pancho Segura, who played, and frequently beat, all of the great players from the 1930s through the 1960s has said that he believes that Gonzales was the best player of all time.
In a 1972 article about an imaginary tournament among the all-time greats, Gene Scott had the fourth-seeded Gonzales upsetting Bill Tilden in the semifinals and then using his serve to beat Rod Laver in the finals.
In 2005, a tennis historian who visited the International Tennis Hall of Fame interviewed several great Australian players who had toured against Gonzales.
Jack Kramer, on the other hand, who became a world-class player in 1940 and then beat Gonzales badly in the latter's first year as a professional, has stated that he believes that although Gonzales was better than either Laver or Sampras he was not as good as either Ellsworth Vines or Don Budge.
Kramer, who had a long and frequently bitter relationship with Gonzales, rates him only as one of the four players who are second to Budge and Vines in his estimation.
In 2007, after Gonzales and Hoad were both dead, Kramer gave a higher assessment of both players, rating them among the top five players of all time, chronologically Vines, Budge, Gonzales, Hoad, and Federer.
Kramer had expressed a competitive relationship with both men during his years as tour manager, but time had mellowed his assessment of them.
They asked 37 tennis notables such as Kramer, Budge, Perry, and Riggs and observers such as Bud Collins to list the ten greatest players in order.
The top eight players in overall points, with their number of first-place votes, were: Rod Laver (9), John McEnroe (3), Don Budge (4), Jack Kramer (5), Björn Borg (6), Pancho Gonzales (1), Bill Tilden (6), and Lew Hoad (1).
Gonzales was ranked the sixth-best player, with only Allan Fox casting a vote for him as the greatest of all time.
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb).
The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care in many countries, as it can provide a variety of information about the health of the mother, the timing and progress of the pregnancy, and the health and development of the embryo or fetus.
The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) recommends that pregnant women have routine obstetric ultrasounds between 18 weeks' and 22 weeks' gestational age (the anatomy scan) in order to confirm pregnancy dating, to measure the fetus so that growth abnormalities can be recognized quickly later in pregnancy, and to assess for congenital malformations and multiple pregnancies (twins, etc).
Additionally, the ISUOG recommends that pregnant patients who desire genetic testing have obstetric ultrasounds between 11 weeks' and 13 weeks 6 days' gestational age in countries with resources to perform them (the nuchal scan).
Performing an ultrasound at this early stage of pregnancy can more accurately confirm the timing of the pregnancy, and can also assess for multiple fetuses and major congenital abnormalities at an earlier stage.
Research shows that routine obstetric ultrasound before 24 weeks' gestational age can significantly reduce the risk of failing to recognize multiple gestations and can improve pregnancy dating to reduce the risk of labor induction for post-dates pregnancy.
While 3D is popular with parents desiring a prenatal photograph as a keepsake, both 2D and 3D are discouraged by the FDA for non-medical use, but there are no definitive studies linking ultrasound to any adverse medical effects.
The heartbeat is usually seen on transvaginal ultrasound by the time the embryo measures 5 mm, but may not be visible until the embryo reaches 7 mm, around 7 weeks' gestational age.
Gestational age is usually determined by the date of the woman's last menstrual period, and assuming ovulation occurred on day fourteen of the menstrual cycle.
Sometimes a woman may be uncertain of the date of her last menstrual period, or there may be reason to suspect ovulation occurred significantly earlier or later than the fourteenth day of her cycle.
The most accurate measurement for dating is the crown-rump length of the fetus, which can be done between 7 and 13 weeks of gestation.
After 13 weeks of gestation, the fetal age may be estimated using the biparietal diameter (the transverse diameter of the head, across the two parietal bones), the head circumference, the length of the femur, the crown-heel length (head to heel), and other fetal parameters.
Dating is more accurate when done earlier in the pregnancy; if a later scan gives a different estimate of gestational age, the estimated age is not normally changed but rather it is assumed the fetus is not growing at the expected rate.
This gives an estimate of the weight and size of the fetus and is important when doing serial ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth.
After 13 weeks' gestation, a high accuracy of between 99% and 100% is possible if the fetus does not display intersex external characteristics.
A short cervix preterm is associated with a higher risk for premature delivery: At 24 weeks' gestation, a cervix length of less than 25 mm defines a risk group for spontaneous preterm birth.
Cervical measurement on ultrasound also has been helpful to use ultrasonography in patients with preterm contractions, as those whose cervical length exceeds 30 mm are unlikely to deliver within the next week.
Some abnormalities detected by ultrasound can be addressed by medical treatment in utero or by perinatal care, though indications of other abnormalities can lead to a decision regarding abortion.
Although 91% of fetuses affected by Down syndrome exhibit this defect, 5% of fetuses flagged by the test do not have Down syndrome.
Some resources indicate that there are clear reasons for this and that such scans are also clearly beneficial because ultrasound enables clear clinical advantages for assessing the developing fetus in terms of morphology, bone shape, skeletal features, fetal heart function, volume evaluation, fetal lung maturity, and general fetus well being.
Randomized controlled trials have followed children up to ages 8–9, with no significant differences in vision, hearing, school performance, dyslexia, or speech and neurologic development by exposure to ultrasound.
In one randomized trial, the children with greater exposure to ultrasound had a reduction in perinatal mortality, and was attributed to the increased detection of anomalies in the ultrasound group.
The 1985 maximum power allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of 180 milliwatts per square cm is well under the levels used in therapeutic ultrasound, but still higher than the 30-80 milliwatts per square cm range of the Statison V veterinary LIPUS device.
One randomized controlled trial, however, came to the result of a higher perinatal death rate of normally formed infants born after 24 weeks exposed to Doppler ultrasonography (RR 3.95, 95% CI 1.32–11.77), but this was not a primary outcome of the study, and has been speculated to be due to chance rather than a harmful effect of Doppler itself.
The FDA discourages its use for non-medical purposes such as fetal keepsake videos and photos, even though it is the same technology used in hospitals.
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine recommends spectral Doppler only if M-mode sonography is unsuccessful, and even then only briefly, due to the acoustic intensity delivered to the fetus.
In 1962, David Robinson, George Kossoff, George Radovanovich, and Dr William Garrett were the first in the world to identify a number of foetal anatomical structures from high frequency sound wave imaging.
In 1962, after about two years of work, Joseph Holmes, William Wright, and Ralph Meyerdirk developed the first compound contact B-mode scanner.
Wright and Meyerdirk left the university to form Physionic Engineering Inc., which launched the first commercial hand-held articulated arm compound contact B-mode scanner in 1963.
Acuson Corporation's pioneering work on the development of Coherent Image Formation helped shape the development of diagnostic ultrasound equipment as a whole.
It was later revealed that the video- while not a fake- had been somewhat edited to show more fetal claps than likely occurred.
It is not unprecedented for fetuses of that age to make momentary movements that could be repeated once or twice beyond the initial movement, according to experts, but to repeat such a movement more than that- especially purposefully- would not likely be feasible at that point.
The increasingly widespread use of ultrasound technology in monitoring pregnancy has had a great impact on the way in which women and societies at large conceptualise and experience pregnancy and childbirth.
The pervasive spread of obstetric ultrasound technology around the world and the conflation of its use with creating a ‘safe’ pregnancy as well as the ability to see and determine features like the sex of the fetus affect the way in which pregnancy is experienced and conceptualised.
Ethnographic research concerned with the use of ultrasound technology in monitoring pregnancy can show us how it has changed the embodied experience of expecting mothers around the globe.
Portugal's first participation in a major tournament finals was at the 1966 World Cup, which saw a team featuring Ballon d'Or winner Eusébio finish in third place.
The next two times Portugal qualified for the World Cup finals were in 1986 and 2002, going out in the first round both times.
Portugal also made it to the semi-finals of the UEFA Euro 1984 final tournament, losing 3–2 after extra time to the hosts and eventual winners France.
Despite losing many players of the golden team, new players such as Fábio Coentrão, João Moutinho, Nani and Pepe helped the Portuguese reach the semi-finals of Euro 2012, losing to Spain in penalties, with Cristiano Ronaldo finishing as joint top scorer of the tournament with three goals.
Two years later at Euro 2016, Santos brought Portugal its first ever major trophy, defeating hosts France 1–0 after extra time, with the winning goal scored by Eder.
With the win, Portugal qualified and made its first appearance in the FIFA Confederations Cup held in Russia, where they finished in third place.
Portugal hosted the brand new 2018–19 UEFA Nations League as well as winning the trophy, defeating the Netherlands 1–0, with the winning goal scored by Gonçalo Guedes, making it the second major tournament earned by the Portuguese in three finals.
The team's home stadium is the Estádio Nacional, in Oeiras, although most of their home games are frequently played in other stadiums across the country.
The current head coach is Fernando Santos and the captain is Cristiano Ronaldo, who also holds the team record for most caps and for most goals.
The team took part in the 1934 FIFA World Cup qualification, but failed to eliminate their Spanish opponents, aggregating two defeats in the two-legged round, with a 9–0 loss in Madrid and 2–1 loss in Lisbon for an aggregate score of 11–1.
Because of the international conflict due to the World War II, there was no World Cup held until the 1950 competition and subsequently, the national team made very few games against other teams.
On the restart of games, the team was to play a two-legged round against Spain, just like in the 1934 qualification.
After a 5–1 defeat in Madrid, they managed to draw in the second game 2–2 and so the qualification ended with a 7–3 aggregate score.
While they did not qualify on the pitch, they would later be invited to replace Turkey, which had withdrawn from participating; however, Portugal too refused to participate.
The best the national team could do was hold the team to a goalless draw in Lisbon, and the round ended with a 9–1 defeat.
Nevertheless, they finished last in the group stage that also featured Northern Ireland; only the first-placed team, Northern Ireland, would qualify.
The first edition was a knock-out tournament, the last four teams participating in final stage that only featured one leg while the older stages had two legs.
They topped the group with only one draw and one defeat during all the six games and finally qualified for a FIFA World Cup, that year the final stage would be held in England.
The team started out with three wins in the group stage where they were in Group C when they beat Hungary 3–1, Bulgaria 3–0, and two-time defending champions Brazil 3–1.
Later, they reached the semi-finals where they were beaten by hosts England 2–1; in this game, Portugal would have played in Liverpool, but as England were the hosts, FIFA decided that the game should have been in London, which led the Portuguese team travel unexpectedly from Liverpool to London.
It was rumoured that this had happened because of fear from English officials of the Portuguese performance and embarrassment if England lost in their own country with a debuting team.
For the 1974 World Cup qualification stages, Portugal were unable to defeat Bulgaria (2–2) in the decisive match, thus not qualifying.
The national team was put alongside Austria, Belgium, Norway and Scotland to fight for the first spot in the group, which would allow them to go to the final stage of UEFA Euro 1980.
For the 1982 qualification, the Portuguese team had to face Israel, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Sweden for the top two group places.
A 1–0 win over Romania gave them second place in the group, to go through to the knockout stage, where they were matched against the hosts, France.
The game was tied after 90 minutes and went into extra time; Portugal made the score 2–1, but France scored in the 114th and 119th minutes to eliminate Portugal 3–2 and go through to the final.
Needing a win in the last game against West Germany in Stuttgart, Portugal won the game to become the first team to beat West Germany at their home ground in an official match.
Their staying in Mexico was marked by the Saltillo Affair, where players refused to train in order to win more prizes from the Portuguese Football Federation.
For the UEFA Euro 1988 the Portuguese team attempted to top their qualifying group in a group with Italy, Malta, Sweden and Switzerland; however, they finished in third.
The 1990 World Cup qualification was in a group along with Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Luxembourg and Switzerland, Portugal fought to get one of the first two spots of the group.
During the draws for the Euro 1992 qualifying, the Netherlands, Greece, Finland and Malta were the other teams, ending in second behind the Dutch.
For the 1994 World Cup qualification, Portugal played in the same group as Estonia, Italy, Malta, Scotland and Switzerland for the two highest places.
At the UEFA Euro 1996, Portugal finished first in Group D, and in the quarter-finals, they lost 1–0 to the Czech Republic.
This team was known as the Golden generation, a group of youngsters who had won the FIFA U-20 World Cup in 1989 and 1991 and were now leading the national senior squad; they also reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2000 but were eliminated at the group stages of the 2002 FIFA World Cup despite high reputations.
They then defeated England 3–2, Romania 1–0 and Germany 3–0 to finish first in Group A, then defeated Turkey in the quarter-finals.
Several problems and poor judgement decisions occurred during the preparation and tournament itself – shopping sprees by players were widely reported in the Portuguese press.
On the preparation, the Football Federation made a contract with Luiz Felipe Scolari to manage the team until the tournament ended.
After the tournament ended, a lot of players belonging to the Golden Team, abandoned their international footballing careers, with only Luís Figo remaining in the team, despite a temporary retirement.
Portugal finished first place in Group D of the World Cup, with victories over Angola (1–0), Iran (2–0) and Mexico (2–1).
Portugal defeated the Netherlands 1–0 in the Round of 16 in Nuremberg in an acrimonious match marked by 16 yellow cards, with four players sent off.
Portugal drew 0–0 after extra-time with England, but won 3–1 on penalties to reach their first World Cup semi-final since 1966.
Once again Scolari was asked to accept a new deal with the Federation that would maintain with as the manager until the end of the next competition.
For Euro 2008 Portugal finished second in qualification behind Poland, and won their first two group games against Turkey and the Czech Republic, although a loss to co-hosts Switzerland set up a quarter-final matchup with Germany which the team lost 3-2.
Portugal came second in the qualifying stages for the 2010 FIFA World Cup under Carlos Queiroz, then beat Bosnia and Herzegovina in a play-off, thereby reaching every tournament in the decade.
A 19-match undefeated streak, in which the team conceded only three goals, ended with a loss to eventual champions Spain in the round of 16, 1–0.
Queiroz was banned from coaching the national team for one month after he tried to block a doping test to the team while preparing for the World Cup, as well as directing insulting words to the testers.
In 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying, Portugal won 4–2 on aggregate in a play-off against Sweden with all four goals being scored by Ronaldo, and was drawn into Group G with the United States, Germany and Ghana.
Portugal began the Euro 2016 qualifiers with a 0–1 home defeat against Albania, which resulted in Bento being dismissed from his managerial post to be replaced by Fernando Santos in September 2014.
Nevertheless, the team qualified and were placed in Group F alongside newcomers Iceland, Austria and Hungary; after drawing with all three they advanced into the knockout stage as the third-best third place team.
Portugal beat Croatia 1–0 in the Round of 16 after a goal from Ricardo Quaresma in extra time, then defeated Poland 5–3 on penalties to reach the semi-finals.
In the semi-finals they defeated Wales 2–0 in regulation time with goals from Ronaldo and Nani to reach the final at the Stade de France against hosts France.
The early stages of the final saw Ronaldo limp off the pitch injured; substitute Eder scored the match's only goal in the 109th minute.
Three days later, Portugal faced hosts Russia 1–0 winning effort, with the only of the match being scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.
In the 2018 FIFA World Cup preliminary draw, Portugal were placed in Group B along with Switzerland, Hungary, Faroe Islands, Andorra and Latvia.
However, Portugal got their revenge on their last group stage match defeating Switzerland 2-0, to top their group and qualify for the 2018 World Cup.
In their opening match on June 15, Portugal were against Spain, which ended in a 3–3 draw, with Cristiano Ronaldo scoring a hat-trick.
Portugal faced Iran on 25 June, in their final group match, which ended in a 1–1 draw, leading Portugal to progress to the second round as group runners-up behind Spain.
On 9 March 2018, UEFA announced that Portugal had expressed interest in bidding for the Nations League finals, which was later announced that the group winners would be appointed as the host.
In the two remaining matches, Portugal faced Italy and Poland in a 0–0 away draw and Poland 1–1 home, respectively, to advance to the Nations League finals, thereby automatically winning hosting rights, which were confirmed by the UEFA Executive Committee on 3 December 2018.
In the semi-finals on June 5, 2019, Cristiano Ronaldo made his return to the team scoring a hat-trick against Switzerland to secure the host a spot in the final.
Four days later, in the finals at the Estádio do Dragão in Porto, Portugal defeated the Netherlands 1–0, with the only being scored by Gonçalo Guedes in the 60th minute.
In recent times, all-black has been utilised, as has a turquoise-teal colour, the latter of which was prominently featured during the title-winning Euro 2016 campaign.
The following 24 players were named to the squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying matches against Lithuania and Luxembourg on 14 and 17 November 2019 respectively.
It was minted for a number of years until shortly before the introduction of the denarius (211 BC or a little earlier).
The choice of Janus for these coins is believed to coincide with the closing of the doors of the Temple of Janus, indicating the absence of warfare, a rare occasion.
Michael Crawford, however, has suggested that the janiform head represents the Dioscuri, since Janus is usually a mature and bearded figure.
Roman-era historians such as Livy and Plutarch often refer to these early coins as denarii, but modern numismatic references consider these coins as anonymous Roman silver, produced before the standardization of the denarius around 211 B.C.
The name quadrigatus comes from the quadriga or four-horse chariot on the reverse, which was the prototype for the most common designs used on Roman silver coins for the next 150 years.
In tropisms, this response is dependent on the direction of the stimulus (as opposed to nastic movements which are non-directional responses).
In botany, the Cholodny–Went model, proposed in 1927, is an early model describing tropism in emerging shoots of monocotyledons, including the tendencies for the stalk to grow towards light (phototropism) and the roots to grow downward (gravitropism).
Phoenix Nights is a British sitcom about The Phoenix Club, a working men's club in the northern English town of Bolton, Greater Manchester.
The show was written by Neil Fitzmaurice, Peter Kay and Dave Spikey, produced by Goodnight Vienna Productions and Ovation Entertainments, and was broadcast on Channel 4 in the UK.
The owner of The Phoenix Club is wheelchair user Brian Potter (played by Peter Kay), who has presided over two clubs in the past: the first (The Aquarius) flooded, the second (The Neptune) burned down.
His ambition, with the help of Jerry St Clair, is to see The Phoenix Club become the most popular in Bolton and thus outdo his nemesis, Den Perry (Ted Robbins), owner of rival club The Banana Grove.
The Phoenix Club is home to entertainment of all types, including Bingo, singing, cabaret and a wide range of themed nights.
The club follows the layout of a typical working men's club, with a large cabaret room along with a lounge area (called 'The Pennine Suite' in the opening series).
In the second series, the games room is used more as lounge and general social area with dining tables, although there is a dartboard and a new snooker table.
The other room in the club is a larger cabaret style room, which plays host to larger features such as Talent Trek and Stars in their Eyes.
The location for the club itself is St Gregory's Social Club on Church Street in Farnworth, a few miles from Bolton.
Despite this, Brian Potter's thrifty ways means he continues to try and cut corners in the running of the club wherever possible.
With the authorities taking a dim view of Potter's poor attitude towards fire safety and suspending his licence, he then rebuilds the club on the cheap with Jerry as the licensee.
Following Potter's hiring of two Chinese immigrants, Jerry decides to open a Chinese restaurant inside the club, which, despite Potter's concerns, becomes an instant hit, driving the Phoenix to success whilst leaving other clubs behind.
Infuriated at this, Den Perry decides to burn the club again but unwittingly reveals to the clientele that he burned down the Phoenix Club the first time, and the club is victorious.
It is the opening day of Brian Potter's new club, the Phoenix (two of his previous clubs having burned down while another flooded).
The auditioning act at the end of the episode is a pair of spacemen, one on a spinning disc, miming to a David Bowie song.
The club's doorman, the Captain, dies, possibly as a result of inhaling smoke from new DJ Ray Von's home-made smoke machine.
There is further misfortune when two men in overalls walk in off the street and steal the television set, with the staff doing nothing about it, except for Kenny Senior who kindly hands them the remote control.
It's a huge success, until Jerry's blatantly biased shoot-out between teams from Lancashire and Yorkshire gets violent and a drunken horse tries to have sex with the bucking bronco.
Jerry and Brian rush back to the club before Keith inspects it, but a run-in with the police delays them and Keith shuts the club down for being unsafe.
Never a quitter, Brian blackmails Lard with a faked photo of Lard's head on the body of a semi-nude man (with a dog) so that he re-opens the club.
However, the event they re-open for, the psychic night, forces Brian to refund all his guests after Clinton Baptiste tells a bit more about the future than the guests would like.
Brian is the most successful, though, when he accidentally runs over a woman's foot before buying her a drink and talking the night away.
Throughout the episode, their relationship progresses, until Beverley (played by Jo Enright) reveals to Brian that she works for the DSS and was sent to investigate him for fraudulent disability claims.
The audition at the end of the episode is a man jumping around to 'nellie the elephant' wearing little more than a Macintosh and a soft toy of an elephant's trunk over his genitals.
Before Brian argues with Jerry's decision to host an alternative comedy night, the comedy night turns out to be a disaster, with none of the entrants being any good.
He proceeds to have a psychotic episode, with unintelligible language delivered menacingly towards the audience and the house band onstage whilst striking the drummer's cymbal with his hand.
At the end of it all, Jerry has a heated confrontation with a student who had been heckling him, until the student threatens to hit Jerry and all the staff stick up for him.
Elsewhere, Ray Von hosts a Robot Wars tournament, which is won by Max and Paddy, who are using a robot built by Ray, who has a penchant for electronics.
However, Brian tells him to keep pretending to be ill because the club got the rights to host Talent Trek because he told the organisers that Jerry is dying.
Tensions boil when Brian has to hire a Right Said Fred tribute band called 'Right Said Frank' for the grand finale due to Les Alanos performing a Karate Kid musical with the local youth club on the same night.
Brian and the staff watch the club burn to the ground, with Jerry managing to rescue Brian's little disabled boy-shaped charity box.
After the flames are put out, a fireman reveals the fire was caused by a discarded cigarette or cigar, leading Brian to believe Den Perry was responsible.
Brian then has to appear in court due to his breach of fire and safety regulations and as a result his alcohol licence is revoked and he is blacklisted by the breweries.
Brian begs Jerry to help him to rebuild the Phoenix but Jerry rebuffs him and tells him to forget about the Phoenix.
Cartwright advises him to sell bottles and cans to get around the ban, get a licensee whom he can manipulate and have lots of facilities under one roof.
He finds Les working as a butcher, Kenny Senior as a lollipop man (constantly lying to the kids crossing the road), Ray Von at a fairground, and Holy Mary in church.
However, an inflatable that resembles an erect penis is rejected by Brian, so it is fastened to the ground and covered up to look like a snake.
Elsewhere, Max and Paddy go to France to stock up on booze, unwittingly picking up two Chinese immigrants in the process.
The auditioning act at the end of the episode is a young woman who fires ping pong balls from her vagina.
Changes are made throughout the club to make it look good for the TV crew, but the TV appearance is a disaster when Brian loses it after he believes that he is being accused of burning the club down himself.
Brian comes across two Japanese people promoting their new lager, and offers them a chance to promote it in the club, an offer they accept.
In the other suite, Jerry's medication binge gets the better of him and he loses it on stage, which causes him to go into the next suite and urinate everywhere, shocking the customers.
A power cut in Brian's home sees him stuck on his stair lift all night until Jerry breaks his door down the next morning.
A ladies night has been arranged, which causes Paddy to go on stage dressed in nothing but a fake moustache and leather thong, and carrying a trident.
Lying to Paddy that she will pay them both £1,000, Max gets Paddy to agree to do the job with him.
The auditioning act at the end of the episode is the same man as in S2E4, this time with a battery-powered singing gorilla.
Max and Paddy spot the man they were meant to kill in town, and are later confronted by his angry wife, who hints that she has put a hit out on them.
In the club, Brian has arranged a Stars in Your Eyes night to impress a brewery representative who is coming over.
However, in a memorable series of scenes, all of the staff from the club dress up to become acts, including Holy Mary as Lulu, Ray Von and Les Alanos as Adam and the Ants, Kenny Senior as Britney Spears, Young Kenny as Meat Loaf, Jerry as Eminem and George Michael, Brian as Elton John and Spencer as Gary Glitter.
At the end of the episode, Den Perry threatens Brian and talks to him about burning the club down before and makes threats to do it again.
However, he is unaware that Brian has switched on a radio microphone on his desk, meaning that the entire club has heard the conversation.
However, when asked if he would be going back there he said that he would prefer to do something new next.
In November 2014, Kay announced during a charity fundraising event at the Opera House Theatre, Blackpool that an official announcement would be made regarding the revival of the show.
The Matthew Shepard Story is a 2002 Canadian-American television film by director Roger Spottiswoode based on the true story of Matthew Shepard, a 21-year-old gay youth who was murdered in 1998.
The film scenario written by John Wierick and Jacob Krueger, it starred Shane Meier as Matthew and Stockard Channing as Judy Shepard and Sam Waterston as Dennis Shepard.
Producers were Alliance Atlantis Communications, Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit (CPTC) with the assistance of/with the participation of Canadian Television (CTV) and Cosmic Entertainment.
In 1998, a young gay man by the name of Matthew Shepard was robbed, viciously beaten and left tied to a fence to die.
The parents initially want to request the death penalty for their son's murderers, but the mother, Judy Shepard (Stockard Channing), starts to reconsider.
As they struggle with their decision, they decide to reexamine the life of their son and rediscover his personality, his struggle to accept his homosexuality as a natural part of his being and above all, his generous humanity to others.
All of this leads the parents to appeal to the court the way their son would have wanted, not out of vengeance but to represent best of what their son was and the tragedy of his loss.
It was commissioned in 1201 by the retired emperor Go-Toba (r 1183-1198), who established a new Bureau of Poetry at his Nijō palace with eleven Fellows, headed by Fujiwara no Yoshitsune, for the purpose of conducting poetry contests and compiling the anthology.
Although Go-Toba retained veto power over the poems included in the anthology as well as the order in which they were presented, he assigned the task of compilation to six of the Fellows of the Bureau of Poetry.
These were Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241), Fujiwara no Ariie (1155–1216), Fujiwara no Ietaka (1158–1237), Jakuren (c. 1139-1202), Minamoto no Michitomo (1171–1237) and Asukai Masatsune (1170–1221).
For example, in the sections on the topic of Spring, the editors pieced together a detailed representation in poetic form of the advancement of spring and the passage of time, using similar words and expressions to link each poem to the next.
In the section on travel poems, the progression is from ancient poets and styles to modern ones, and as is common in Japanese waka anthologies, the sections on Love are arranged to show the stages of an affair from first love to bitter parting.
This kind of detailed manipulation resulted in an anthology that did not necessarily contain all of the best works of the day.
As Fujiwara no Teika complained, Go-Toba’s insistence on including the works of old, obscure or even unaccomplished composers in the anthology in order to maintain appropriate links to those poems that were worthwhile made the honor of having forty-six of his own poems included in the anthology less satisfactory.
Individual egos aside, the end result was a composition that not only spanned centuries of Japanese literary tradition and evolving literary styles but also provided a veritable textbook on what well and poorly written poems looked like.
Renga also made frequent use of the honkadori technique, since each poet had only a short phrase to work with and the ability to use allusions to prior, complete poems was an important one.
Even though allusions to older poems were common in the poetic discourse of the day, following the 11th century and prior to Fujiwara no Teika’s experimentation with honkadori, it was frowned upon to make obvious borrowings from past writers.
Although the poems are written on the same subject, with the newer one drawing directly from the older, Fujiwara no Teika’s interpretation both modernizes the poem and provides it with greater subtlety.
The 20 books of the Shin Kokinshū contain nearly 2,000 waka, with the number varying depending on the edition, as Go-Toba continued to edit the anthology extensively even after his exile to the island of Oki.
Each poem is introduced with information regarding the occasion for which it was composed (if that information was available) and in most cases an author is also listed.
Major contemporary poetic contributors to the Shin Kokinshū include Saigyō with 94 poems; Jien with 92; Fujiwara no Yoshitsune with 79; Fujiwara no Shunzei with 72; Princess Shikishi with 49; Fujiwara no Teika with 46; Fujiwara no Ietaka with 43; Jakuren with 35; and Go-Toba with 33.
Technorealism is an attempt to expand the middle ground between techno-utopianism and Neo-Luddism by assessing the social and political implications of technologies so that people might all have more control over the shape of their future.
In a manifesto released, which described the term as a new generation of cultural criticism, it was stated that the goal was not to promote or dismiss technology but to understand it so the application could be aligned with basic human values.
The technorealist approach involves a continuous critical examination of how technologies might help or hinder people in the struggle to improve the quality of their lives, their communities, and their economic, social, and political structures.
In addition, instead of policy wonks, experts, and the elite, it is the technology critic who assumes the center stage in the discourse of technology policy issues.
Although technorealism began with a focus on U.S.-based concerns about information technology, it has evolved into an international intellectual movement with a variety of interests such as biotechnology and nanotechnology.
If it is multiplied by 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, the answer will be a cyclic permutation of itself, and will correspond to the repeating digits of , , , , or respectively.
If multiplying by an integer greater than 7, there is a simple process to get to a cyclic permutation of 142857.
If you square the last three digits and subtract the square of the first three digits, you also get back a cyclic permutation of the number.
The 142857 number sequence is used in the enneagram figure, a symbol of the Gurdjieff Work used to explain and visualize the dynamics of the interaction between the two great laws of the Universe (according to G. I. Gurdjieff), the Law of Three and the Law of Seven.
Jean Parker Shepherd Jr. (July 26, 1921 – October 16, 1999) was an American storyteller, humorist, radio and TV personality, writer and actor.
Born in 1921 on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, Shepherd briefly lived in East Chicago, Indiana, and was raised in Hammond, Indiana, where he graduated from Hammond High School in 1939.
As a youth he worked briefly as a mail carrier in a steel mill and earned his Amateur radio license (W9QWN) at age 16, sometimes claiming he was even younger.
After his military service, Shepherd began his broadcast radio career in early 1945 on WJOB in Hammond, Indiana, later working at WTOD in Toledo, Ohio, in 1946.
He began working in Cincinnati, Ohio, in January 1947 at WSAI, later also working at Cincinnati stations WCKY and WKRC the following year, before returning to WSAI.
From 1951 to 1953, he had a late-night broadcast on KYW in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after which he returned to Cincinnati for several shows on WLW.
Shepherd, Theodore Sturgeon and Betty Ballantine later wrote the demanded book, with a cover painted by illustrator Frank Kelly Freas, published by Ballantine Books.
In addition to his stories, his shows also contained humorous anecdotes and commentaries about the human condition, observations about New York City life, accounts of vacations in Maine and travels throughout the world.
During a radio interview, Shepherd claimed that some shows took weeks to prepare, but this may have been in the planning rather than the writing of a script.
It was possible, on one of those July 4 nights, to park one's car on a hilltop and watch several different pyrotechnic displays, accompanied by Shepherd's masterful storytelling.
Shepherd was reportedly brought to New York City by NBC executives to prepare for the position, but they were contractually bound to first offer it to Jack Paar.
In late 1960 and early 1961, he did a weekly television show on WOR (channel 9) in New York, but it did not last long.
Between 1971 and 1994, Shepherd became a screenwriter of note, writing and producing numerous works for both television and cinema, all based on his originally spoken and written stories.
Shepherd narrates the film as the adult Ralph Parker, and also has a cameo role playing a man in line at the department store waiting for Santa Claus.
On Saturday nights for several years, Shepherd broadcast his WOR radio program live from the Limelight Cafe in New York City's Greenwich Village, and he also performed at many colleges nationwide.
Sometimes Shepherd would accompany the recordings by playing the Jew's harp, nose flute, or kazoo, and occasionally even by thumping his knuckles on his head.
The particular version Shepherd used was a recording by Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops, with arrangement by Peter Bodge, released in April 1946 by RCA Victor-Red Seal.
Married four times, he lived in several New York City locations during his WOR days and for a time in New Milford (Bergen County), New Jersey, and in Washington (Warren County), New Jersey.
Upon his arrival at WOR in New York in 1955, he obtained the call K2ORS, with which he would often be heard speaking to other ham radio operators for the remainder of his life.
This may well have not been true but Shepherd's ink drawings do adorn some of his published writings, and a number of previously unknown ones were sold on eBay from his former wife Lois Nettleton's collection after her death in 2008.
According to this record, Jean Sr, Anna, Jean Jr, and Randall were all born in Illinois, and Jean Sr's parents (Emmett and Flora) were born in Kansas.
However, all other decennial federal and state census records, as well as other official documents such as death certificates, indicate that Emmett and Flora were born in Indiana.
Jean Shepherd had two children, a son Randall and a daughter Adrian, with his second wife Joan but he publicly denied this, including in his last will and testament, executed some five months prior to his death.
On January 23, 2012 the Paley Center for Media (formerly The Museum of Television and Radio) presented a tribute to Shepherd.
Seinfeld was interviewed for the hour and discussed how Shepherd and he had similar ways of humorously discussing minor incidents in life.
Though he primarily spent his radio career playing music, New York Top 40 DJ Dan Ingram has acknowledged Shepherd's style as an influence.
In 2005, Shepherd was posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame, and in November 2013 he was posthumously inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame.
In mathematics, finite field arithmetic is arithmetic in a finite field (a field containing a finite number of elements) as opposed to arithmetic in a field with an infinite number of elements, like the field of rational numbers.
Finite fields are used in a variety of applications, including in classical coding theory in linear block codes such as BCH codes and Reed–Solomon error correction, in cryptography algorithms such as the Rijndael (AES) encryption algorithm, in tournament scheduling, and in the design of experiments.
Addition and subtraction are performed by adding or subtracting two of these polynomials together, and reducing the result modulo the characteristic.
In computer science applications, the operations are simplified for finite fields of characteristic 2, also called GF(2) Galois fields, making these fields especially popular choices for applications.
Rijndael(commonly known as AES) uses the characteristic 2 finite field with 256 elements, which can also be called the Galois field GF(2).
At the start and end of the algorithm, and the start and end of each iteration, this invariant is true: a b + p is the product.
This algorithm generalizes easily to multiplication over other fields of characteristic 2, changing the lengths of a, b, and p and the value 0x1b appropriately.
However, in cryptographic implementations, one has to be careful with such implementations since the cache architecture of many microprocessors leads to variable timing for memory access.
This example does not use any branches or table lookups in order to avoid side channels and is therefore suitable for use in cryptography.
A Calvinist, he was born in the Château de Mons, in Royan, Saintonge (southwestern France) and founded the first permanent French settlement in Canada.
The king later awarded him an annual pension of 1,200 crowns and the governorship of the town of Pons in Saintonge in recognition of his outstanding service.
De Mons seems to have made several voyages to Canada including in 1600, with Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit to Tadoussac.
The King also gave Du Gua a monopoly in the fur trade for these territories and named him Lieutenant General for Acadia and New France.
Numerous settlers succumbed to the harsh winter climate and malnutrition disease as they exhausted the limited natural resources on the island.
Following the disaster of the Saint Croix settlement in the winter of 1604-1605, the French began to look for a more hospitable location for a colony.
During this time, they encountered Native Americans along the northeastern coast of the continent, and also had a pair of Native guides in their party, the man who is named as Panounias, and his wife who came from the part of the country they were exploring.
Traveling along the coast, Samuel de Champlain is given to have recounted their meetings with the natives, noting when the languages between the groups began to vary.
Also, it was noted that the Natives who lived in this area also practiced cultivation, particularly methods of farming that were new to the French explorers.
It was from these signs and the trading that occurred between the French and the natives that the explorers felt as though they were on the correct track, for if the Natives were living off of this land, this area offered far more hope than Saint Croix Island ever did.
In 1606, Hendrick Lonck, the Dutch West India Company sea captain boarded two of Du Gua's boats, and pillaged them for furs and munitions.
The Port-Royal settlement survived and prospered somewhat until 1607 when other merchants protested the monopoly, which the King had to revoke.
Du Gua then turned his attention to the colony of Nouvelle-France in the St. Lawrence River valley, after ceding Port-Royal to Poutrincourt.
He never came back to the New World but he sent Champlain to open a colony at Quebec in 1608, thus playing a major role in the foundation of the first permanent French colony in North America.
The organisation was founded in 1952 by a group of parents and social workers who wanted to ensure that their disabled children had the right to a decent education.
Scope believes in the social model of disability – that a person is disabled by the barriers placed in front of them by society, not because of their condition or impairment.
Scope has run national campaigns to challenge negative attitudes towards disability, like its flagship End the Awkward campaign, which tackled the fact that two-thirds of people say they feel awkward around disability.
In 2017 the charity announced its new five-year strategy, Everyday equality, which set out how the organisation would work up until 2022.
Scope was founded as the National Spastics Society on 9 October 1951 by Ian Dawson-Shepherd, Eric Hodgson, Alex Moira and a social worker, Jean Garwood, with the aim of improving and expanding services for people with cerebral palsy.
Scope still runs schools for disabled children in West Sussex and near Cardiff as well as a Further Education College in Lancaster, which was founded in 1977.
Over time, thanks in large part to the influence of Bill Hargreaves, the first trustee with cerebral palsy, the charity's aims extended to improving and expanding services for people with cerebral palsy and disabled people in general.
Consequently, the society changed to its current name, Scope, on 26 March 1994, following a two-year consultation with disabled people and their families.
In November 1996, Scope AGM voted in favour of an individual membership scheme to give a voice to the 20,000 people that Scope and its local groups are in contact with every year – the first major UK disability charity to do so.
However the first person with cerebral palsy to play a major managerial role was Bill Hargreaves, who had been elected to the Executive Council back in 1957.
Scope wants to make disability better understood by the public, at a time when attitudes towards disabled people are getting worse and disabled people are struggling to get the support they need due to budget cuts.
In 2017, Scope launched its new strategy – Everyday equality – which set out how the charity would campaign to support disabled people.
The strategy sets out an ambition to offer information, support and advice to two million disabled people and their families every year.
In 2018 Scope transferred 51 homes and 1300 staff to Salutem Healthcare as part of a major shift out of service provision.
In 2016 Scope worked with creative agency George & Dragon on a TV ad to launch their third year of End The Awkward, where they introduced their H.I.D.E.
The mnemonic which stands for: Say 'Hi'; Introduce yourself; Don't panic; End the Awkward, was also featured in films created with Unilad.
The Renault Mégane is a small family car produced by the French car manufacturer Renault since the end of 1995, and was the successor to the Renault 19.
The Mégane has been offered in three and five door hatchback, saloon, coupé, convertible and estate bodystyles at various points in its lifetime, and having been through three generations is now in its fourth incarnation.
The first generation was largely based on its predecessor, the 19, and utilized modified versions of that car's drivetrain and chassis.
For 2002, the Mégane entered its second generation with a substantial redesign taking place, and was voted European Car of the Year for 2003, whilst also becoming the first car in its class to receive a five star EuroNCAP rating.
The Mégane entered its third generation in 2008, with another totally different design being used; the saloon version of the Mégane became known as the Renault Fluence for this generation, and it was introduced in 2009.
Development of the X64 began at the beginning of 1990, with the first sketches of X64 programme being drawn during the first six months of 1990.
Theme A: a six light version, evoking the Laguna; Theme B: a model with a markedly cuneiform line; Theme C: another design with ellipse shaped glasswork and rear notch; Theme D: a model with the same elliptical glazing and rounded rear.
In June 1993, Renault purchased production tooling for the X64, with the first test unit being assembled at the Douai plant in October 1994, and pre production units being constructed from December 1994 to the middle of 1995.
The car was essentially a reskin of its predecessor, and carried over the 19's floorpan, engines, transmissions and chassis design, albeit with much modification.
As with the 19 and the 11 before it, the Mégane was produced at Renault's Douai plant in northern France starting in July 1995, and at the Spanish plant of Palencia.
It featured a pillar mounted three point seatbelt for the middle rear occupant (replacing the common 'lap strap'), standard front belt pre tensioners and load limiters, driver's airbag (passenger airbag from 1996) and an impressive safety structure – a specification ahead of most rivals in 1995.
Some features, such as the three point middle belt, had debuted on the Renault 19 safety concept vehicle (and this feature entered production on the Renault Laguna before the Mégane).
The Mégane I achieved a best in class four star crash test rating in the 1998 round of testing by Euro NCAP.
The Renaultsport kit was available to purchase for a short time direct from Renault France, but has now been discontinued, thus their value has increased.
The estate version of the original Mégane was only available in LHD form, with no RHD variants being built, this could be due to the greater popularity of the Scenic in those markets.
In Japan, Renault was formerly licensed by Yanase Co., Ltd., but in 1999 Renault acquired a stake in Japanese automaker Nissan.
As a result of Renault's purchase, Yanase canceled its licensing contract for all Renault models sold in Japan, including, but not limited to, the Mégane I, in 2000, and Nissan took over as the sole licensee for Renault cars.
A mild facelift in spring 1999 gave the Mégane I a modified grille, more advanced safety features and upgraded equipment, and 16 valve engines were used across the range.
The production continued for the Latin America Market, where it was sold alongside the Mégane II line at a considerably lower price until 2011.
In countries such as Argentina and Colombia the Mégane I was available until 2010 sold as a sedan and an Estate, but in Venezuela was available only as a sedan.
It features as the top line of the model the LA04 engine (16 valves, 1.6 litres and 110 HP), and was produced by both Renault Colombia and Renault Argentina, in where it was one of the best selling cars to date.
In Venezuela, it was only available in one version: Unique, with a five speed manual gearbox or a four speed automatic one.
Both of these were equipped with Abs and other extra equipment including driver and passenger front airbags, foglights, leather seats, electric mirrors and electric windows.
This was the Clio Williams Maxi, which was the first car truly developed for the F2 Kit Car category, and first appeared in 1996.
However, rivals such as Citroën and Peugeot soon introduced bigger and more powerful cars, which resulted in Renault producing an F2 version of the Mégane in 1996.
The Maxi Mégane officially represented the brand in French Championship rallies in 1996 and 1997 with drivers like Philippe Bugalski, Jean Ragnotti or Serge Jordan.
Its most notable result was an outright victory in the 1996 Tour de Corse in the hands of Philippe Bugalski and his co driver Jean-Paul Chiaroni (in a year where the Tour de Corse was a FIA 2-Litre World Rally Cup only event); but it also helped Renault to the FIA 2 Litre World Rally Cup of Manufacturer's title in 1999.
In lower level competitions, Renault took back to back manufacturer's and driver's titles in the British Rally Championship in 1998 and 1999, whilst they also took the European Rally Championship in 1999.
The two cars bear very little resemblance, the new vehicle having been inspired by the manufacturer's new design language first seen in the Avantime.
The new Mégane was voted European Car of the Year for 2003, fighting off stiff competition from Japan's Mazda 6 and PSA's Citroën C3, and achieved a five star safety rating in the EuroNCAP crash tests, the first small family car to do so.
The Mégane II and the Laguna were both showcases for a great deal of innovative technologies Renault launched at the beginning of the 2000s; the Renault Card keyless ignition system, standard on the Mégane II, was a first in this class and has since been widely adopted.
Like the Brazilian Scénic and Clio versions, the Mégane's engine can work with any mix of gasoline and ethanol, due to the use of an electronic control module.
The flex version has a 16V 109 hp (110 PS) (113 hp (115 PS) with ethanol) 1.6 litre inline-four engine developed and produced in Brazil, but the 2.0 litre version does not allow ethanol use, because its engine is made in France.
Unlike its predecessor, the Mégane II was not licensed by Yanase Co., Ltd. for the Japanese market, as Renault had acquired a stake in Nissan when the Mégane I was still in production.
The RenaultSport (RS) versions of the three door and five door Mégane hatchbacks were introduced, equipped with a turbocharged petrol 2.0 L 16v engine producing .
Along with the engine, changes were made to the front and rear suspension geometry to improve handling, and the model features a deeper, wider front bumper.
The model was revised in January 2006, with changes in interior trim, specification levels and most notably, a new front nose.
It has also sold very well in Britain, being the nation's fourth most popular car in 2005 and the nation's fifth most popular car in 2004 and 2006.
In January 2011, it was reported that the Mégane II had the highest rate of MOT failures in the United Kingdom for cars first taking the test in 2007.
While in German ADAC breakdown statistics, the Mégane scored very well, surpassing such cars as the Ford Focus, Honda Civic and Opel/Vauxhall Astra.
The Mégane III was also made available for sale in Argentina that year, but was produced in Turkey, and imported into the country.
In 2012, the Mégane III underwent its first facelift, which also introduced three new engines; a 1.2 L turbocharged petrol engine, a new version of the 1.5 L dCi engine, and a new 1.6 L dCi engine.
Another facelift followed for 2014, with a more powerful version of the 1.2 L turbocharged engine going on sale, whilst the styling of the hatchback, coupé and estate versions was updated to match Renault's new model range.
The Mégane IV follows the latest design language, which has been seen on the Clio IV, Captur, Espace V and Talisman.
Most Mégane's models have a head up display and a seven-inch screen (replaced with an 8.7 inch touchscreen in some trim levels).
Options include adaptive cruise control, automated emergency braking, lane departure warning, speed limit warning, blind spot monitoring, automatic headlights, reversing camera, parking sensors and a hands free parking system.
The Renault Mégane Sedan, launched in July 2016, resembles the Talisman, but with the front section of the Mégane IV hatchback and a fastback like sloping roofline.
It has more space for the back seat passengers than the hatchback and a larger boot, with a theoretical volume of 508 decimetres.
Within Europe, it is offered in several countries including Turkey, Italy, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Ireland, but not in France or the United Kingdom.
Depending on the market, there are two petrol engines and three diesel engines offered, with power outputs ranging from 90 to 130 bhp.
The electric version of the Mégane saloon that Renault is building will come with a lifetime warranty, and payment will follow the model established by the mobile-phone industry.
Recharging was to be done at one of 500,000 spots that Project Better Place was to build and maintain; however, a new alternative will need to be sought, due to the filing of bankruptcy on 26 May 2013 by Project Better Place.
It was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century, but after the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt.
Baoding served for many years as the capital of Zhili, and was a significant centre of culture in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.
In August 1, 1949, the people's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality.
In August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.
In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council announced the decision to transform Baoding into Xiongan New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the success of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai’s Pudong New Area.
Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west.
Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south.
The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area.
Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%).
Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.
One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.
And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer.
More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer) and Great Wall Motor.
In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km and up to 2000 km, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.
Baoding city has one of China's biggest plants which manufacture blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market.
It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010.
The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one).
Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.
Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist.
The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres.
In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.
La Higuera (; ) is a small village in Bolivia located in the Province of Vallegrande, in the Department of Santa Cruz.
La Higuera lies at an elevation of 1950 m. Its population (according to the 2001 census) is 119, mainly indigenous Guaraní people.
During the Roman Republic, the semis was distinguished by an 'S' (indicating semis) or 6 dots (indicating a theoretical weight of 6 uncia).
Some of the coins featured a bust of Saturn on the obverse, and the prow of a ship on the reverse.
Initially a cast coin, like the rest of Roman Republican bronzes, it began to be struck from dies shortly before the Second Punic War 218-201 BC.
Following the Augustan Coinage reforms of 23 BC the Semis became the smallest Orichalcum (brass) denomination, having twice the value of a copper Quadrans and Half the value of the copper As.
Its size and diameter corresponded directly to the Quadrans, so its value was attained from brass having double the value of copper.
The National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) (inheritor of the site and functions of the National College for School Leadership (NCSL)) was an executive agency of the Department for Education (a United Kingdom Government Ministry whose responsibilities extended to England only, not Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland).
NCTL had two key aims, to improve academic standards by ensuring there was a well qualified and motivated teaching profession in sufficient numbers to meet the needs of the school system; and to help schools to help each other to improve.
NCTL also supported the quality and status of the teaching profession by ensuring that in cases of serious professional misconduct, teachers were prohibited from teaching, and it had oversight of teachers' induction and awarded Qualified Teacher and Early Years Teacher Status.
In April 2018 the National College for Teaching and Leadership was discontinued, its functions being absorbed by a new Teaching Regulation Agency for the regulation of the teaching profession, and by the Department for Education for other matters.
The National College for Teaching and Leadership was formed on 29 March 2013, merging the activities of the National College for School Leadership and the Teaching Agency.
NCSL had originally been established as a non-departmental public body, but become an executive agency of the Department for Education on 1 April 2012.
Established in 2000 as the National College for School Leadership, its physical centre – a learning and conference centre (LCC) situated in a striking building designed by Sir Michael Hopkins on the Jubilee Campus of the University of Nottingham – was opened on 24 October 2002 by Tony Blair.
Tom Tom Club is an American new wave band founded in 1981 by husband-and-wife team Tina Weymouth and Chris Frantz, both also known for being members of Talking Heads.
Originally established as a side project from Talking Heads, Tom Tom Club comprised a loose aggregation of musicians, sound engineers, and artists of the Compass Point All Stars family, including Tina Weymouth's sisters and guitarist Adrian Belew, the latter of whom toured with Weymouth and Frantz in the expanded version of Talking Heads in 1980 and 1981.
Frantz and Weymouth were credited as Tom Tom Club, but in this case the band was simply Talking Heads minus David Byrne.
The album was released on cassette and vinyl and was not released on CD until May 2009, as part of a Deluxe Edition package of Tom Tom Club's first album.
By this stage, the band's non-US deal with Island had expired and the album was released outside the United States on Fontana/PolyGram.
On the album, the group adapted a more conventional rock style with a harder edged sound and a hint of menace in the lyrics of some songs.
Whereas the previous two albums had been recorded by a loose collective of a dozen musicians, the band was now reduced to the trio of Weymouth, Frantz, and Weymouth's sister Laura Weymouth.
The following year, in a bid to recapture the attention of the US market, the group and Sire Records decided to issue a radically altered version of the album in the United States.
In 2002, Frantz and Weymouth, along with their former Talking Heads bandmates, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
The single was released by Dutch indie label La La Land Records, which was founded by the former Tom Tom Club merchandise crew.
Rear Admiral Sir Horace Lambert Alexander Hood (2 October 1870 – 31 May 1916) was a British Royal Navy admiral of the First World War, whose lengthy and distinguished service saw him engaged in operations around the world, frequently participating in land campaigns as part of a shore brigade.
His early death at the Battle of Jutland in the destruction of his flagship was met with mourning and accolades from across Britain.
Admiral Hood was a youthful, vigorous and active officer whose service in Africa won him the Distinguished Service Order and who was posthumously appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in recognition of his courageous and ultimately fatal service in the Battle of Jutland, during which his ship was constantly engaged from its arrival at the action and caused fatal damage to a German light cruiser.
Horace Hood was descended from one of the most influential and experienced navy lines, being a great-great-grandson of Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, who won numerous actions against the French in the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary Wars.
Graduating top of his class in September 1885, Hood joined as a midshipman and served on her for a year in the Mediterranean Squadron before joining .
He performed well at these duties and in 1897 was recommended to the Egyptian government who provided him with a Nile gunboat to command on the Nile Expedition of 1898 in the Mahdist War.
During these operations, Hood was conspicuous in his duty as second in command to Captain David Beatty and saw action for the first time, providing artillery support at the Battle of Atbara and Battle of Omdurman.
During the Second Boer War, Hood was given command of transport ships taking supplies to South Africa before being transferred to Admiral Lord Charles Beresford's flagship in the Mediterranean from 9 September 1901.
In July 1903, Hood was given promotion to full captain and placed in command of , flagship of Admiral George Atkinson-Willes on the East Indies Station.
In April 1904, Hood was given his first independent command as he led a force of 754 sailors, marines and soldiers of the Hampshire Regiment against the Ilig Dervishes of Somaliland.
Landing his men on an opposed beach in the dark, Hood led from the front, personally engaging in hand-to-hand combat and driving the dervishes into the hinterland, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.
Distinguished by his action, Hood was given command of the armoured cruiser in 1906 and the following year was made naval attaché to the British Embassy in Washington D.C.
In 1908, Hood was given command of the pre-dreadnought battleship , in which he served for a year before receiving a shore appointment to command the Royal Naval College, Osborne, where he stayed until 1913 when he was raised to flag rank.
For three months Hood raised his flag in the dreadnought battleship before becoming Naval Secretary to the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill in July 1914.
At the outbreak of the First World War, Hood's experience with coastal operations recommended him to serve with a small flotilla of s on the Belgian coast, bombarding German positions and troop formations during the Siege of Antwerp and then the Battle of the Yser, assisting Belgian forces to hold the coastline during the Race for the Sea.
Later in the year, Hood became Commander-in-Chief, Dover and commander of the Dover Patrol, tasked with preventing German ships and submarines passing through.
He was transferred to command of Force E at Queenstown by orders of Churchill and Fisher, for his perceived failure to do this as submarines continued to pass the Channel to threaten shipping in the Irish Sea.
Force E consisted of obsolete cruisers and boarding vessels whose task was to patrol the area south west of Ireland to give instructions to arriving merchant vessels and guard against attacks by armed merchantmen.
In February their operating area had been moved 200 miles further west as they were considered in themselves to be tempting targets for submarines.
After his transfer, intelligence reports based on intercepted messages from German submarines showed that they had indeed had extreme difficulty passing the Channel, and as a result their orders were changed to travel around Scotland instead.
Before Churchill was replaced as First Lord he corrected his mistake by appointing Hood to command of the Third Battlecruiser Squadron operating out of Rosyth in Scotland.
In late May 1916 came the only opportunity for the British battlefleet to engage the German main force at the Battle of Jutland.
Hood's squadron was attached to Jellicoe's main battlefleet and thus had not witnessed the destruction of two British battlecruisers at the guns of their German counterparts.
Arriving as the action was well underway but ahead of the main fleet by advantage of their greater speed, Hood's force's first action was to rescue the light cruiser , which had been separated from the main fleet to provide a signal relay but was then ambushed by four German cruisers and was in danger of sinking.
Hood's timely arrival scattered the German ships and caused fatal damage to , which sank later that night with 589 of her crew.
Hood meanwhile attached his squadron to the British battlecruiser squadron of Admiral Beatty and with them formed the vanguard of the British battlefleet, which was now heading directly for the approaching Germans.
The German fleet, possessing better gunnery and range-finding equipment, had the better of the early exchanges; , an old armoured cruiser which was the flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Arbuthnot, was blown up with all 903 hands, and the fast battleship was badly damaged and forced to limp back to Britain.
Indeed, the last words we know from Admiral Hood came only moments before the explosion, as he called through the voicepipe to the spotting tower high above the ship encouraging the crew up there for faster information because every shot was counting.
The Battle of Jutland was ultimately an expensive stalemate; both sides suffered further losses during the night action but the strategic situation remained unchanged.
The Royal Navy had suffered over 6,000 fatal casualties, three times the German losses, but remained in control of the North Sea while the High Seas Fleet was forced to retire to harbour.
His collected papers were donated by his family, with those of his ancestor Samuel Hood, to the Churchill Archives Centre in 1967.
The ship was lost in the Second World War, sunk (by an explosion occasioned by a shell detonating an after magazine) with 1,415 hands fighting the .
His brother Alfred died in 1922 from tuberculosis contracted while serving overseas in World War I. Abel was married to concert harpist Marietta Bitter.
Jacobson currently consists of a gas station, called Mississippi Landing, a campground right off the banks of the mighty river, some three churches of different religious denominations, and a bar called The Forestry Station.
The Sir Harry and Lady Djanogly Learning Resource Centre (or the Djanogly LRC) is a library on the Jubilee Campus of the University of Nottingham, England.
The library houses books and resources relating to courses and research in the university’s Faculty of Education and School of Computing Science, and also houses the Commonwealth Education Documentation Centre.
Since the summer of 2009 the library has also held all adult education course books previously kept at the Shakespeare Street library in Nottingham city centre after it was closed down as part of a money saving plan.
It was designed by the architect Sir Michael Hopkins, with the striking feature of having only a single floor, which spirals its way up and around the circumference of the building.
The library was named after the philanthropists Sir Harry and Lady Djanogly who gave a significant contribution towards the cost of its construction.
The Environmental Audio Extensions (or EAX) are a number of digital signal processing presets for audio, present in Creative Technology Sound Blaster sound cards starting with the Sound Blaster Live and the Creative NOMAD/Creative ZEN product lines.
Due to the release of Windows Vista which deprecated the DirectSound3D API EAX was based on in 2007, Creative discouraged EAX implementation in favor of its OpenAL-based EFX equivalent – though at that point relatively few games used the API.
EAX is a library of extensions to Microsoft's DirectSound3D, itself an extension to DirectSound introduced with DirectX 3 in 1996 with the intention to standardize 3D audio for Microsoft Windows, adding environmental audio presets to DS3D's audio positioning.
Ergo, the aim of EAX has nothing to do with 3D audio positioning, this is usually done by a sound library like DirectSound3D or OpenAL.
Up to EAX 2.0, the technology was based around the effects engine aboard the E-mu 10K1 on Creative Technology's and the Maestro2 on ESS1968 chipset driven sound cards.
However, the EMU10K1's DSP was faster and more flexible and was able to produce not only MIDI output but also other outputs, including the digital sound section.
Developers taking advantage of EAX choose an environment for their game's setting and the sound card uses the mathematical DSP digital filter presets for that environment.
The original EAX was quite primitive, only offering 26 presets and 3 parameters for more accurate adjustment of the listener parameters and 1 parameter for the sources.
Further additions include smooth changes between EAX environment presets and audio occlusion effects (simulating a wall between player and sound source).
Because hardware acceleration for DirectSound and DirectSound3D was dropped in Windows Vista, OpenAL will likely become more important for game developers who wish to use EAX in their games.
Most releases of EAX versions coincide with increases in the number of simultaneous voices processable in hardware by the audio processor: the original EAX 1.0 supports 8 voices, while EAX 5.0 allows 128 voices (and up to 4 effects applied to each).
Creative cards are generally backwards compatible with older EAX versions, although hardware accelerated DSP processing of these effects only happens on cards with EMU chips.
Most audio solutions from Creative released after the X-Fi Titanium HD (except for the Audigy Rx) and other companies offer EAX software emulation of varying degrees instead.
New development should use OpenAL's EFX interface, which covers all the EAX functionality and is more tightly coupled with the overall OpenAL framework.
Sound Blaster Audigy ADVANCED MB includes Creative Audio Center, Creative MediaSource 5 Player/Organizer, Creative WaveStudio 7, Creative ALchemy; Sound Blaster X-Fi MB includes Entertainment Console, Creative Karaoke Player, Creative MediaSource 5 Player/Organizer, Creative WaveStudio 7, Creative Audio Console, Creative ALchemy.
The term has been applied in modern times to various silver coins on the premise that the coins were valued at 1/24 of the gold solidus (which weighed 1/72 of a Roman pound) and therefore represented a siliqua of gold in value.
Since gold was worth about 14 times as much as silver in ancient Rome, such a silver coin would have a theoretical weight of 2.7 grams.
Thin silver coins as late as the 7th century which weigh about 2 to 3 grams are known as siliquae by numismatic convention.
The majority of examples suffer striking cracks (testimony to their fast production) or extensive clipping (removing silver from the edge of the coin), and thus to find both an untouched and undamaged example is fairly uncommon.
It is thought that by clipping, siliquae provided the first coinage of the Saxons, as this reduced them to around the same size as a sceat, and there is considerable evidence from archaeological sites of this period, that siliquae and many other Roman coins were utilised by Saxons as pendants, lucky charms, currency and curiosities.
First traces of human settlement in what today is Radymno date back to the Neolithic times, as in 1958, archaeologists found remains of a 2nd-century settlement.
In 1384, Radymno was presented to the Bishops of Przemyśl, and in 1431 King Władysław II Jagiełło gave town charter to the village.
Due to its location by the San, and along a busy merchant route, Radymno was an important trade and market center.
To protect it from further raids, Radymno was fortified in 1625, but in 1656 it was captured by Swedes, and in 1657 by Transilvanians during the Swedish invasion of Poland.
In late July 1683, the army of Hetman Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski camped near Radymno, on its way towards Vienna (see Battle of Vienna).
In the second half of the 18th century, before the Partitions of Poland, the population of Radymno was 1200, with 154 houses, three churches, hospital, parish school, two brickyards, and a residence of the Bishops of Przemyśl.
In the middle of 18th century, Radymno had a population of 860 Roman Catholics, 196 people of Greek Catholic faith, and 26 Jews.
As a result of the first of Partitions of Poland (Treaty of St-Petersburg dated 5 July 1772, Radymno (and the Galicia) was attributed to the Habsburg Monarchy.
On May 24, 1915, the Battle of Radymno took place between Russian 8th Army of General Aleksei Brusilov, and German-Austrian 8th Army under General August von Mackensen.
On September 10, 1939, during the Invasion of Poland, German 4th Light Division crossed the San here, after a very light resistance and barely any battle with Polish Army's Jarosław Group under Colonel Jan Wojciak, who just escaped to the East a quickly as he could leaving Poland to defend itself.
According to the memoir of Dov Hister, during the invasion of Radymno three Polish Army Youth took out a position in the Council's tower, the German blown the tower with one cannon shot and killed and buried the three boys inder the tower's rubble.
During the war, groups of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, which operated in the area, murdered 59 Poles, including 29 killed in the village of Michałówka.
Radymno was captured by the Red Army on July 26, 1944, after heavy fighting with German armoured units, of the estimated 1,200 Jews in Radymno prior to the World War II only a handful survived, many were handed over by the Ukrainian's collaborators to the Germans and the Nazi regime.
They didn't want their children to spend most of the day by playing games, but rather to be active and do some sports.
The National Party of Canada was considered a left-wing political party that was founded in Canada in 1979 to promote Canadian independence.
The party's leader, Robin Mathews, was an active member and cultural critic for the Waffle movement in the New Democratic Party (NDP).
During the 1980 federal election, held on February 18, 1980, of that year, Mathews ran as the National Party candidate in Ottawa Centre.
The Great Blizzard of 1888, Great Blizzard of '88, or the Great White Hurricane (March 11–14, 1888) was one of the most severe recorded blizzards in American history.
Snow fell from in parts of New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and sustained winds of more than produced snowdrifts in excess of .
The storm began in earnest shortly after midnight on March 12 and continued unabated for a full day and a half.
In a 2007 article, the National Weather Service estimated that this Nor'easter dumped as much as of snow in parts of Connecticut and Massachusetts, while parts of New Jersey and New York had up to .
Drifts averaged , over the tops of houses from New York to New England, with reports of drifts covering three-story houses.
of snow fell in Saratoga Springs, New York; in Albany, New York; in New Haven, Connecticut; and in New York City.
The storm also produced severe winds; wind gusts were reported, although the highest official report in New York City was , with a gust reported at Block Island.
New York's Central Park Observatory reported a minimum temperature of , and a daytime average of on March 13, the coldest ever for March.
In New York, neither rail nor road transport was possible anywhere for days, and drifts across the New York–New Haven rail line at Westport, Connecticut, took eight days to clear.
Transportation gridlock as a result of the storm was partially responsible for the creation of the first underground subway system in the United States, which opened nine years later in Boston.
Similarly, telegraph infrastructure was disabled, isolating Montreal and most of the large northeastern U.S. cities from Washington, D.C. to Boston for days.
Fire stations were immobilized, and property loss from fire alone was estimated at $25 million (equivalent to $ million in ).
From Chesapeake Bay through the New England area, more than 200 ships were either grounded or wrecked, resulting in the deaths of at least 100 seamen.
Severe flooding occurred after the storm due to melting snow, especially in the Brooklyn area, which was susceptible to flooding because of its topography.
It is located in the heartland of the Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city.
In 1772, following the First Partition of Poland, the town was located in the Austrian Empire (from 1867 Austria-Hungary) until Poland regained its independence in 1918.
In September 1939, following the territorial division of Poland by the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, the border between German and Soviet occupation zones ran along the river San in the area of Lesko.
In 1940-1941, as part of the construction of the Molotov Line along the new border, the Soviets constructed a line of bunkers along the river to defend the river crossings, some of them right in the town.
During Operation Barbarossa the Germans destroyed the bunkers in the initial days of their invasion (their ruins exist to this day).
In 1945 the border between Poland and the Soviet Union was moved somewhat eastwards from the San river, so Lesko ended up in Poland following the postwar territorial rearrangements.
Nevertheless, it remained very close to the Soviet border until the 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange which moved the border further eastward.
During the war, after the town was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, its Jewish community (about 60% of the town's population) perished in the Holocaust.
In the immediate postwar years the area was the scene of the fighting between Polish military forces and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
The city and its economy only started to recover in the 1950s, after a government program encouraging people from other areas of Poland to settle there.
The basilica contains a highly regarded pipe organ from the second half of the 17th century and organ recitals take place there.
The Jewish cemetery in Leżajsk is a place of pilgrimage for Jews from all over the world, who come to visit the tomb of Elimelech, the great 18th century Hasidic Rebbe.
From the early 1500s until the advent of World War II and the Holocaust, there was a major Jewish presence in Leżajsk.
According to the census of 1764, the community numbered 909 people, and by the turn of the 20th century, there were 1,700 Jews in the community.
When the German Nazis arrived in Leżajsk in September 1939, almost all Jews in the town were brought to the Soviet-Occupied zone, where they were later massacred by the Einsatzgruppen.
The development of Lezajsk was slow, due to numerous and devastating Tatar and Wallachian raids, which took place in 1498, 1500, 1509, 1519 and 1524.
Following these raids, Polish kings granted several privileges to the looted town, and finally, on September 23, 1524 in Lviv, King Sigismund I the Old decided to move Lezajsk to a new location, which was easier to defend.
During the reign of Sigismund II Augustus, Lezajsk prospered due to protection of its governor, Krzysztof Szydłowiecki (Odrowaz coat of arms), who was Crown Chancellor.
In 1608, Bernadine monks from nearby Przeworsk were brought to Lezajsk by Bishop of Przemyśl, and two years later, first brick church was built.
Following the first partition of Poland (1772), Lezajsk was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and remained in Austrian Galicia until November 1918.
During World War II, the Home Army was very active in the area, and on May 28, 1943, Germans shot 43 residents of the town.
John Francis McCormack, Count of the Holy Roman Church, KSG, KSS, KHS (14 June 188416 September 1945), was an Irish tenor celebrated for his performances of the operatic and popular song repertoires, and renowned for his diction and breath control.
John Francis McCormack was born on 14 June 1884 in Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland, the second son and fifth of the 11 children (five of whom died in infancy or childhood) of Andrew McCormack and his wife Hannah Watson.
When the family moved to Dublin, he sang in the choir of St Mary's Pro-Cathedral where he was discovered by Vincent O'Brien.
McCormack), practising; along with Joyce's acquaintance Richard Best; McCormack persuaded Joyce to enter the Feis Ceoil that year, where the famous writer was awarded the Bronze Medal (3rd prize).
Fundraising activities on his behalf enabled McCormack to travel to Italy in 1905 to receive voice training by Vincenzo Sabatini (father of the novelist Rafael Sabatini) in Milan.
Sabatini found McCormack's voice naturally tuned and concentrated on perfecting his breath control, an element that would become part of the basis of his renown as a vocalist.
Later that year he toured Australia after Dame Nellie Melba engaged him, then at the height of his operatic career aged 27, as a star tenor for the Melba Grand Opera Season.
By 1912, he was beginning to become involved increasingly with concert performances, where his voice quality and charisma ensured that he became the most celebrated lyric tenor of his time.
He did not, however, retire from the operatic stage until after his performance of 1923 in Monte Carlo (see biography below), although by then the top notes of his voice had contracted.
McCormack made hundreds of recordings, his best-known and most commercially successful series of records being those for the Victor Talking Machine Company during the 1910s and 1920s.
Between 1914 and 1922, he recorded almost two dozen songs with violin accompaniment provided by Fritz Kreisler, with whom he also toured.
McCormack used his salary for this movie to purchase the estate and built a mansion he called 'San Patrizio', after Saint Patrick.
McCormack toured often, and in his absence, the mansion was often let to celebrities such as Janet Gaynor and Charles Boyer.
The McCormacks made many friends in Hollywood, among them Errol Flynn, Will Rogers, John Barrymore, Basil Rathbone, Ronald Colman, Charles E. Toberman and the Dohenys.
After his farewell tour of America in 1937, the McCormacks deeded the estate back to Carman Runyon expecting to return to the estate at a later date.
However, one year after that farewell concert, he was back singing for the Red Cross and in support of the war effort.
He gave concerts, toured, broadcast and recorded in this capacity until 1943 when poor health finally forced him to retire permanently.
After years of increasingly poor health, and a series of infectious illnesses, including influenza and pneumonia, McCormack died at his home in September 1945.
In 1928, he received the title of Papal Count from Pope Pius XI in recognition of his work for Catholic charities.
He had earlier received three papal knighthoods, Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre (KHS), Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great (KSG) and Knight of the Order of St. Sylvester (KSS).
He was also a Knight of Malta and a Privy Chamberlain of the Sword and Cape, an honour which is known now as a Gentlemen of His Holiness.
In his hometown of Athlone, he is commemorated by the Athlone Institute of Technology who named their performance hall after him, the John McCormack Hall.
He is also commemorated by an English Heritage blue plaque on the house near Hampstead in London, 24 Ferncroft Avenue, where he lived from 1908 until 1913.
A silver €10 collectors coin with a mintage of 8,000 pieces was issued by the Central Bank of Ireland in January 2014 featuring a portrait of McCormack; the coin was issued as part of the EUROPA star series in keeping with the 2014 theme of European musicians.
A statue of the tenor was unveiled in a square newly named in his honour outside the Civic Centre in Athlone on 24 October 2014.
The sculpture, created by the Irish artist Rory Beslin, was celebrated by free admission to an exhibition of the celebrated singer's memorabilia.
Nisko is a town in Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland on the San River, with a population of 15,534 inhabitants as of 2 June 2009.
Nisko was first mentioned in a document dated 15 April 1439, in which King Władysław III of Varna handed the villages of Nysky, Zaoszicze and Pyelaskowicze to a local nobleman.
The establishment of the village was probably the result of catastrophic Mongol Invasion of Poland, which decimated the population of Lesser Poland.
Due to the location on the edges of the forest, local residents supported themselves by hunting and trade of timber, which was transported to other centers along the San and the Vistula waterways.
Following the First Partition of Poland, Nisko was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and remained within Austrian Galicia until November 1918.
In 1867 Count Eugene Kinsky bought the Nisko estate to give it to his daughter Countess Marie Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau as a wedding present, which took place in Vienna on 21 September 1868.
From 1868 to 1912 under Count Oliver Rességuier de Miremont and his family, the village grew to become one of the largest estates in then Austrian Galicia.
A railroad station, a hospital, a church (three in present-day Nisko), schools, factories, Austrian Army Base (currently Polish Army Base) and a palace (now used as a hospital building) were built.
In 1918, local Poles gained control over the government in Nisko and the village became part of the new-formed Second Polish Republic.
In newly restored Poland, Nisko was the seat of a county in Lwów Voivodeship, but remained a village until 20 October 1933.
On 19 January 1937 in Warsaw, a bill was signed, which created Southern Works (Zaklady Poludniowe) – a large steel plant, part of the Central Industrial Region.
On 20 March 1937, first pine trees were cut in a forest in the village of Plawo, a few kilometers north of Nisko.
It was a milestone in history of the town, because several projects were started in the area, such as a foundry and a power-plant in the forests on the western boundary of Nisko.
In 1944 - 1945, the Red Army and the Soviet NKVD arrested here a number of Poles, executing members of anti-Communist resistance.
It was founded in 1676, on initiative of Voivode of Volhynia and Starosta of Lwow, Mikolaj Hieronim Sieniawski, who owned enormous estates in eastern lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In the following years, the Sieniawski family built their manor house near the fortress, and began construction of the town, together with the San river port.
A Dominican church and abbey was built, and in the 1660s, walls were built, to protect Sieniawa from Crimean Tatars raids.
Mikolaj Hieronim Sieniawski, the founder of the town, died at the age of 39, but his son Adam Mikolaj Sieniawski continued the work of his father, and invested heavily in Sieniawa.
Since the new Austrian - Russian border was north of Sieniawa, the San lost its function of a waterway, and the town stagnated as part of Austrian Galicia.
In May 1915 Sieniawa was almost completely destroyed, and in November 1918 the town became part of Second Polish Republic’s Lwow Voivodeship.
In August 1937, during the 1937 peasant strike in Poland, clashes with police took place in nearby village Majdan Sieniawski, where 15 peasants were killed.
After the 1939 Invasion of Poland, Sieniawa was occupied by the Soviet Union, and between September 1939 - June 1941, was a border town.
Denton Arthur Cooley (August 22, 1920 – November 18, 2016) was an American heart and cardiothoracic surgeon famous for performing the first implantation of a total artificial heart.
Cooley was also founder and surgeon in-chief of The Texas Heart Institute, chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at clinical partner Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, consultant in Cardiovascular Surgery at Texas Children's Hospital and a clinical professor of Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Cooley was born August 22, 1920 in Houston and graduated in 1941 from the University of Texas at Austin (UT), where he was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity and the Texas Cowboys, played on the basketball team, and majored in zoology.
He became interested in surgery through several pre-medical classes he attended in college and began his medical education at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston.
He completed his medical degree and his surgical training at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, where he also completed his internship.
There, he served as chief of surgical services at the station hospital in Linz, Austria, and was discharged in 1948 with the rank of captain.
In the 1950s Cooley returned to Houston to become associate professor of surgery at Baylor College of Medicine and to work at its affiliate institution, The Methodist Hospital.
During that time he worked on developing a new method of removing aortic aneurysms, the bulging weak spots that may develop in the wall of the artery.
In 1962 he founded The Texas Heart Institute with private funds and, following a dispute with DeBakey, he resigned his position at Baylor in 1969.
His skill as a surgeon was demonstrated as he successfully performed numerous bloodless open-heart surgeries on Jehovah's Witnesses patients beginning in the early 1960s.
He and his colleagues worked on developing new artificial heart valves from 1962 to 1967; during that period, mortality for heart valve transplants fell from 70% to 8%.
In 1969, he became the first heart surgeon to implant an artificial heart designed by Domingo Liotta in a man, Haskell Karp, who lived for 65 hours.
Cooley's interests included basketball, which he played in high school and as a three-year letterman for the UT men's basketball team (1939–1941), and golf, which he became interested in during his youth and played for 68 years.
Among his other outside interests, Cooley played upright bass in a swing band called The Heartbeats from 1965 through the early 1970s.
On March 13, 1972, the Denton A. Cooley Cardiovascular Surgical Society was founded at the Texas Heart Institute by the Residents and Fellows of Cooley to honor him.
Founding President Philip S. Chua had envisioned this exclusive society to foster academic, professional and personal camaraderie among cardiac surgeons in the United States and around the world through scientific seminars and symposia.
There are now more than 900 cardiac surgeons from more than 50 countries around the globe who are members of the Denton A. Cooley Cardiovascular Surgical Society.
Cooley reportedly answered in the affirmative when a lawyer during a trial asked him if he considered himself to be the best heart surgeon in the world.
During the 2000 U.S. presidential election, Cooley was asked by then-candidate George W. Bush to review vice-presidential candidate Dick Cheney's medical records, particularly concerning the status of his chronic heart condition.
The river enters Lake Ladoga in three branches, an older main northern branch at Priozersk (Käkisalmi), a smaller branch a few kilometers to the north of it, and a new southern branch entering further southeast as Burnaya River (Finnish: Taipaleenjoki), which has become the main stream in terms of water discharge.
Since 1857, the old northern distributaries drain only the lower reaches of the Vuoksi basin and are not fed by Lake Saimaa.
The northern and southern branches actually belong to two separate river systems, which at times get isolated from each other in dry seasons.
A western branch, which disappeared due to ongoing land uplift, was an alternative route for the Karelians to reach the Gulf of Finland when the Neva River was blocked by enemies.
Now the Saimaa Canal bypasses the Vuoksi and enters the Gulf of Finland in the Bay of Vyborg near the medieval city of Vyborg.
From the Industrial Revolution, power generated from Vuoksi's rapids made the Vuoksi region Finland's industrial center in the late 19th century.
Since the Winter War (1940), the Karelian Isthmus has belonged to Russia and only of the river's length remains in Finland.
The rapid junction of the Vuoksi and Suvanto/Lake Sukhodolskoye at Losevo is a popular area for kayak, canoe and catamaran competitions.
A project is currently being discussed in Russia to destroy the rapids at Losevo and turn the River Burnaya, Lake Sukhodolskoye and lower portions of Vuoksi into a navigable canal, which would connect Lake Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland and allow oil tankers to bypass River Neva and the city of Saint Petersburg.
Around 5,000 BP the waters of the Saimaa Lake penetrated Salpausselkä, forming the river emptying into Lake Ladoga in its northwestern corner and raising the level of the latter by .
Lake Ladoga transgressed, flooding lowland lakes and the Vuoksi, and connected with the Baltic Sea at Heinjoki, to the east of present-day Vyborg.
Ladoga's level gradually sank and the River Neva, originating around 3100–2400 BP, drained its waters into the Gulf of Finland; but the Vuoksi still had a significant direct outflow connection to the Bay of Vyborg, possibly as late as in the 16th or 17th century AD.
In 1818, a canal was dug to drain spring flood waters from Lake Suvanto (now Lake Sukhodolskoye, a long narrow lake in the eastern part of the Karelian Isthmus) into Lake Ladoga; the canal unexpectedly eroded and turned into Taipaleenjoki (now Burnaya River).
Originally Lake Suvanto flowed into the Vuoksi river through a waterway at Kiviniemi (now Losevo), but as a result of the change, the waterway dried out.
Since 1857 Suvanto and Taipaleenjoki have constituted the southern branch of the Vuoksi river, which has decreased the level of the original northern branch emptying into Ladoga near Kexholm (now Priozersk) by and has become the main stream.
The formative core of the party was a splinter group from the Canadian Nationalist Party that found the principles of corporativism to be more important than the largely racial motivations of the Nationalist Party.
The party had a hard time attracting supporters because most Canadians who supported fascism leaned towards the racist brand espoused by Adrien Arcand and others.
Before the government took action against Canadian fascist parties, the Canadian Union of Fascists and Arcand's group held simultaneous fascist congresses in Toronto.
It is compiled and edited by Sir Paul Harvey, Fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford and lecturer in Classical Languages at the University of Oxford.
The total CPU time is the combination of the amount of time the CPU or CPUs spent performing some action for a program and the amount of time they spent performing system calls for the kernel on the program's behalf.
Because a program may spend some time waiting and not executing at all (whether in user mode or system mode) the real time may be greater than the total CPU time.
Because a program may fork children whose CPU times (both user and sys) are added to the values reported by the codice_1 command, but on a multicore system these tasks are run in parallel, the total CPU time may be greater than the real time.
When the command completes, codice_1 will report how long it took to execute the codice_7 command in terms of user CPU time, system CPU time, and real time.
time (either a standalone program, or when Bash shell is running in POSIX mode AND time is invoked as codice_8) reports to standard error output.
Format of the output for GNU time, can be adjusted using codice_10 environment variable, and it can include information other than the execution time (i.e.
According to the source code of the GNU implementation of codice_1, most information shown by codice_1 is derived from the codice_15 system call.
Selby got his first taste of a championship win in 1963–64, when the Marlboros swept the Edmonton Oil Kings in 4 games to win their fourth Memorial Cup.
Selby scored a total of 27 points in his rookie season and was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy, for best rookie of the season.
Struggling early on the next season, the Leafs sent Selby down to the minors to play with the Vancouver Canucks in the WHL.
His stay with the Blues would be short however, as he was sent down to the minors with the Kansas City Blues.
After playing only 7 games with the Nordiques, he was quickly traded to the Philadelphia Blazers, who in turn traded him to the New England Whalers.
The Nationalist Party of Canada is an unregistered Canadian political party that was founded in 1977 by Don Andrews (born Vilim Zlomislic), who continues as leader of the party.
The Nationalist Party was founded by Andrews after he was legally barred by his bail conditions from associating with the Western Guard, another white supremacist organization.
Andrews' group was briefly known as the National Citizens Alliance, which is not to be confused with the National Citizens Coalition.
The court rejected the appeal in December 1990, ruling that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms did not protect hate speech.
The NPC continues to further its goals through supporting such projects as European Heritage Week (commemorated every October beginning on the Canadian observance of Thanksgiving) and a shortwave radio program.
Robert Wayne Smith is a frequent candidate for political office, and has sought election at the municipal, provincial and federal levels.
Among organizations he has served in include the Canadian Anti-Soviet Action Committee, the Ontario Social Credit organization, as a director of the Ezra Pound Institute for International Studies, and as a guest commentator during the 1990s for the British Peoples' League Hour radio program.
He received his Bachelor of Divinity at Starr King School for the Ministry in 1961 and was ordained as a Unitarian Universalist minister.
Fulghum served the Bellingham Unitarian Fellowship in Bellingham, Washington from 1960–1964, and the Edmonds Unitarian Universalist Church in Edmonds, Washington where he is currently Minister Emeritus.
A 25th anniversary edition of Kindergarten has been published – updating and revising the original text, with the addition of 25 new stories.
Fulghum performed in two television adaptations of his work for PBS, and is a Grammy nominee for the spoken word award.
The first shares the same title as his first book, and was conceived and adapted by Ernest Zulia, with music and lyrics by David Caldwell.
El Cajon Valley High School (ECVHS) is a comprehensive public secondary school located in El Cajon, California, which is in the eastern county of San Diego, and serves students in grades nine through twelve.
Established in 1955, El Cajon Valley is the third of twelve high schools to be built in the Grossmont Union High School District.
El Cajon Valley's athletic teams, the Braves, compete in the Valley League of the Grossmont Conference and the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) – San Diego Section.
The school fields teams in the following sports: baseball, basketball, cross country, field hockey, football, gymnastics, soccer, softball, swimming, boys tennis, girls tennis, track & field, boys volleyball, girls volleyball, boys water polo, girls water polo, and wrestling.
ECV will provide clear, relevant, rigorous instruction and a collaborative system of support, while helping students identify their strengths and achieve their goals, maximizing success after graduation.
Haym Salomon (also Solomon; April 7, 1740 – January 6, 1785) was a businessman and political financial broker who immigrated to New York City from Poland during the period of the American Revolution.
He helped convert the French loans into ready cash by selling bills of exchange for Robert Morris, the Superintendent of Finance.
In this way he aided the Continental Army and was possibly, along with Morris, the prime financier of the American side during the American Revolutionary War against Great Britain.
Haym Salomon (anglicized from Chaim Salomon) was born in Leszno (Lissa), Poland in 1740 to a Sephardic Jewish family descended from Spanish and Portuguese Jews who migrated to the Jewish communities of Poland as a result of Ferdinand and Isabella's expulsion of the Jews in 1492 and remained there for many generations.
Although most Jews in Central and Eastern Europe spoke Yiddish (Judeo-German), some have claimed that because Salomon left Poland while still young, he could not read and write Yiddish.
During his travels in Western Europe, he acquired a knowledge of finance and fluency in several other languages, such as German.
In 1775, he immigrated to New York City, where he established himself as a financial broker for merchants engaged in overseas trade.
The British pardoned him, but only after requiring him to spend 18 months on a British boat as an interpreter for Hessian soldiers – German troops employed by the British.
From the period of 1781–84, records show Salomon's fundraising and personal lending helped provide over $650,000 (approximately $18,035,722.16 in 2018 dollars ) in financing to George Washington in his war effort.
George Washington and the main army and Count de Rochambeau with his French army decided to march from the Hudson Highlands to Yorktown and deliver the final blow.
Salomon brokered the sale of a majority of the war aid from France and the Dutch Republic, selling bills of exchange to American merchants.
Salomon also personally supported various members of the Continental Congress during their stay in Philadelphia, including James Madison and James Wilson.
Salomon is believed to have granted outright bequests to men that he thought were unsung heroes of the revolution who had become impoverished during the war.
Among other things, he established the hospital at Valley Forge, where he often used his own funds to purchase medical supplies.
The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the Revolutionary War but not the financial problems of the newly established nation.
America's war debt to France was never properly repaid, which was part of the cascade of events leading to the French Revolution.
Salomon was involved in Jewish community affairs, being a member of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, and in 1782 made the largest individual donation toward the construction of its main building.
In 1783, Salomon was among the prominent Jews involved in the successful effort to have the Pennsylvania Council of Censors remove the religious test oath required for office-holding under the State Constitution.
These test laws were originally written to disenfranchise the Quaker majority (Quakers objected to taking oaths at all), but many were caught up in this anti-democratic ploy.
After the war, his Master Mason degree was conferred in 1784 (possibly in Maryland Lodge 27), the year before his death.
Due to the failure of governments and private lenders to repay the debt incurred by the war, his family was left penniless at his death at age 44.
The hundreds of thousands of dollars of Continental debt Salomon bought with his own fortune were worth only about 10 cents on the dollar when he died.
The east wall has a marble tablet that was installed by his great-grandson, William Salomon, and a granite memorial is set inside the cemetery gate.
A blue ribbon panel and committee, including Robert S. Whitman, Sidney Bruskin and Marvin Abrams, all lodge past presidents; and Philadelphia, PA residents, arranged for the renovation of the walls and walkways of the cemetery.
A memorial bronze marker with an American flag was installed by Robert S. Whitman, marking the dedicated space for the American patriot.
There is a legend that during the design process of the Great Seal, Washington asked what compensation Salomon wanted in return for his financial contributions to the American Revolutionary War.
While there is no evidence, there is a theory that the 13 stars representing the colonies on the seal were arranged in the shape of the Star of David in commemoration of Solomon's contributions.
The initial air gap produced when the tube is inserted upside down is lost during sterilization, usually performed at 121 °C for 15 or so minutes.
The Clydesdale is a breed of draft horse named for and derived from the farm horses of Clydesdale, a county in Scotland.
The Budweiser Clydesdales are some of the most famous Clydesdales, and other members of the breed are used as drum horses by the British Household Cavalry.
Clydesdales have been identified to be at risk for chronic progressive lymphedema, a disease with clinical signs that include progressive swelling, hyperkeratosis, and fibrosis of distal limbs that is similar to chronic lymphedema in humans.
Most have white markings, including white on the face, feet, and legs, and occasional body spotting (generally on the lower belly).
To attempt getting the ideal set of markings, they often breed horses with only one white leg to horses with four white legs and sabino roaning on their bodies.
Specific colours are often preferred over other physical traits, and some buyers even choose horses with soundness problems if they have the desired colour and markings.
Roan horses are not preferred by buyers, despite one draught-breed writer theorizing that they are needed to keep the desired coat colours and texture.
In the mid-18th century, Flemish stallions were imported to Scotland and bred to local mares, resulting in foals that were larger than the existing local stock.
These included a black unnamed stallion imported from England by a John Paterson of Lochlyloch and an unnamed dark-brown stallion owned by the Duke of Hamilton.
One of her foals was Thompson's Black Horse (known as Glancer), which was to have a significant influence on the Clydesdale breed.
Another theory of their origin, that of them descending from Flemish horses brought to Scotland as early as the 15th century, was also promulgated in the late 18th century.
This program consisted of local agriculture improvement societies holding breed shows to choose the best stallion, whose owner was then awarded a monetary prize.
The owner was then required, in return for additional monies, to take the stallion throughout a designated area, breeding to the local mares.
Through extensive crossbreeding with local mares, these stallions spread the Clydesdale type throughout the areas where they were placed, and by 1840, Scottish draught horses and the Clydesdale were one and the same.
In 1877, the Clydesdale Horse Society of Scotland was formed, followed in 1879 by the American Clydesdale Association (later renamed the Clydesdale Breeders of the USA), which served both U.S. and Canadian breed enthusiasts.
It was started by two breeders dedicated to improving the breed, who also were responsible in large part for the introduction of Shire blood into the Clydesdale.
Large numbers of Clydesdales were exported from Scotland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with 1,617 stallions leaving the country in 1911 alone.
These horses were exported to other countries in the British Empire, as well as North and South America, continental Europe, and Russia.
World War I had the conscription of thousands of horses for the war effort, and after the war, breed numbers declined as farms became increasingly mechanised.
Following World War II, the number of Clydesdale breeding stallions in England dropped from more than 200 in 1946 to 80 in 1949.
By 1975, the Rare Breeds Survival Trust considered them vulnerable to extinction, meaning fewer than 900 breeding females remained in the UK.
As of 2010, there are estimated to be around 5,000 Clydesdales worldwide, with around 4,000 in the US and Canada, 800 in the UK, and the rest in other countries, including Russia, Japan, Germany, and South Africa.
Clydesdales are known to be the popular breed choice with carriage services and parade horses because of their white, feathery feet.
Some of the most famous members of the breed are the teams that make up the hitches of the Budweiser Clydesdales.
These horses were first owned by the Budweiser Brewery at the end of Prohibition in the United States, and have since become an international symbol of both the breed and the brand.
The Budweiser breeding program, with its strict standards of colour and conformation, have influenced the look of the breed in the United States to the point that many people believe that Clydesdales are always bay with white markings.
Due to their calm disposition, they have proven to be very easy to train and capable of making exceptional trial horses.
In the late 19th century, Clydesdale blood was added to the Irish Draft breed in an attempt to improve and reinvigorate that declining breed.
However, these efforts were not seen as successful, as Irish Draught breeders thought the Clydesdale blood made their horses coarser and prone to lower leg defaults.
In the early 20th century, they were often crossed with Dales Ponies, creating midsized draught horses useful for pulling commercial wagons and military artillery.
Visual release hallucinations, also known as Charles Bonnet Syndrome or CBS, are a type of psychophysical visual disturbance and the experience of complex visual hallucinations in a person with partial or severe blindness.
Sufferers understand that the hallucinations are not real, and the hallucinations are only visual, that is, they do not occur in any other senses, e.g.
The high incidence of non-reporting of this disorder is the greatest hindrance to determining the exact prevalence; non-reporting is thought to be a result of sufferers being afraid to discuss the symptoms out of fear that they will be labelled insane.
Images of complex colored patterns and images of people are most common, followed by animals, plants or trees and inanimate objects.
CBS predominantly affects people with visual impairments due to old age, diabetes or other damage to the eyes or optic pathways.
In particular, central vision loss due to a condition such as macular degeneration combined with peripheral vision loss from glaucoma may predispose to CBS, although most people with such deficits do not develop the syndrome.
The physician will consider on a case-by-case basis whether to treat any depression or other problems that may be related to CBS.
Some people experience CBS for anywhere from a few days up to many years, and these hallucinations can last only a few seconds or continue for most of the day.
For those experiencing CBS, knowing that they are suffering from this syndrome and not a mental illness seems to be the best treatment so far, as it improves their ability to cope with the hallucinations.
Most people with CBS meet their hallucinations with indifference, but they can still be disturbing because they may interfere with daily life.
He first documented it in his 89-year-old grandfather who was nearly blind from cataracts in both eyes but perceived men, women, birds, carriages, buildings, tapestries, physically impossible circumstances and scaffolding patterns.
Based in Toronto, the band's original line-up consisted of guitarist and lead vocalist Adam Gontier, drummer and backing vocalist Neil Sanderson, and bassist Brad Walst.
In 2013, Gontier left the band and was replaced by My Darkest Days' vocalist Matt Walst, who is also the younger brother of bassist Brad Walst.
The band's line-up consisted of lead vocalist Adam Gontier, drummer Neil Sanderson, bassist Brad Walst, lead guitarist Phil Crowe, and rhythm guitarist Joe Grant.
According to Gontier, the name refers to a sense of urgency, with the question being whether someone could change something in their life if they had only three days to make a change.
After Barry Stock joined as lead guitarist in late 2003, the band toured continuously and extensively for nearly two years in support of their major label debut.
After finishing the tour for their first album, the band knew they could not continue with the condition he was in, so in 2005, with the support of his family, friends, and band members, Gontier checked himself into the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto.
While in treatment, Gontier began writing lyrics for songs regarding how he felt and what he was going through in rehabilitation.
The band found a place suitable for further songwriting in Northern Ontario, in a cottage where they experimented on, tested, and practiced new songs.
In a 2006 interview, Gontier said that the album's material was more personal to him than the band's previous work because the inspiration had come out of his experiences with despondence, drug abuse, and rehab, which had constituted the past two years of his life.
In November 2006, Gontier performed with the band at a special show at the CAMH in Toronto, where he had gone for his own rehab.
The audience of about 250 people included patients, radio contest winners, family and friends of the band, and representatives from the band's label.
From March to August 2008, and from January to April 2009, the band recorded their third album at The Warehouse Studio in Vancouver, British Columbia, and in Los Angeles, again with producer Howard Benson who had worked with them on their previous releases.
Critics as well as band members have noted the album's departure from the angry tone of the band's previous releases into a lyrical style that is perceived as more optimistic.
In support of the record, the band embarked on the Life Starts Now Tour, with 20 Canadian shows lasting through November and December 2009 and U.S. shows in January–February 2010.
On October 7, 2011, the RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista and J Records, and moving all the artists signed to the three labels to its RCA Records brand, which included Three Days Grace.
They created an early promotional video on their website featuring clips of them in the studio as well as footage of the physical transit of Venus.
During an interview on July 19, 2013 with 99.9 KISW in Seattle, Neil Sanderson confirmed the band was currently working on a new album and they had already recorded half of it.
In early 2015, the band toured Europe, followed by touring predominantly throughout the United States and later in Canada, starting in November 2015.
The tournament includes an individual and team championships consisting of the two-day aggregate scoring of the smallbore competition and air rifle competition.
Under NCAA rules, rifle is technically designated as a men's sport, however it actually has been a coed sport since 1980.
If a school chooses to sponsor more than one team, it may have any combination of men's, women's, and coed teams.
Two schools field men's and women's teams, two field women's and coed teams, and VMI fields all three types of teams.
The current team national champions are the TCU Horned Frogs who won their third national championship in Morgantown, West Virginia, hosted by WVU on March 8 and 9, 2019.
The individual titles were swept by Texas Christian University with freshman Kristen Hemphill winning the air rifle title and freshman Elizabeth Marsh winning the small-bore title.
Also of note, Georgia Southern senior Rosemary Kramer fired an NCAA Championships record score of 599 out of a possible 600 points in the air rifle qualification round.
In 1926, he became involved in Romanian diplomacy, occupying successive posts at Romania's legations in Warsaw, Prague, Lisbon, Bern and Vienna.
His political protector was the famous poet Octavian Goga, who was briefly a prime minister; Blaga was a relative of his wife.
In 1939, he became professor of cultural philosophy at the University of Cluj, temporarily located in Sibiu in the years following the Second Vienna Award.
He was dismissed from his university professor chair in 1948 because he refused to express his support to the new Communist regime and he worked as librarian for the Cluj branch of the History Institute of the Romanian Academy.
In 1956, he was nominated to the Nobel Prize for Literature on the proposal of Bazil Munteanu of France and Rosa del Conte of Italy, but it seems the idea was Mircea Eliade's.
Still, the Romanian Communist government sent two emissaries to Sweden to protest against the nomination, because Blaga was considered an idealist philosopher, and his poems were forbidden until 1962.
In it Blaga addresses some of the more problematic philosophical issues such as those pertaining to political, (para)psychological or occult phenomena, under the name of a fictive philosopher (Leonte Pătrașcu).
Axim is a coastal town and the capital of Nzema East Municipal district, a district in Western Region of South Ghana.
Axim lies 64 kilometers west of the port city of Sekondi-Takoradi in Western Region to the west of Cape Three Points.
Fort Santo Antonio lies roughly on the division between the two parts, but closest to the centre of Upper Axim, the original European settlement.
Here, several large mansions of lumber-trading magnates and other businessmen remain from the late 19th century and period of the British empire.
The economy is based mainly on Axim's fishing fleet, but the area also has three tourist beach resorts as well as coconut and rubber plantations.
Axim has a transport station, two major bank branches, and some rural banks including the Ahantaman Rural Bank, Nzema Maanle Rural Bank, Lower Pra Rural Bank.
Every August, the major festivals of Kundum takes place, coinciding with the best fishing-catch of the year; people come to Axim for the festivities and to fish and trade.
Rhodes has been awarded grants from the Ford Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation among others.
He also frequently gives lectures and talks on a broad range of subjects, including testimony to the U.S. Senate on nuclear energy.
Following his mother's suicide on July 25, 1938, Rhodes and his older brother Stanley were raised in the Kansas City, Missouri, area by his father, a railroad boilermaker with a third-grade education.
The brothers were removed from their father's custody and sent to the Andrew Drumm Institute, an institution for boys founded in 1928 in Independence, Missouri.
The admission of the brothers was something of an anomaly as the institution was designed for orphaned or indigent boys and they fit neither category.
Rhodes was admitted to Yale University with a full scholarship and graduated with honors in 1959, a member of Manuscript Society.
Many of his personal documents and research materials are part of the Kansas Collection at the Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas.
Among its many honors, the 900-page book won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, the National Book Award for Nonfiction, and a National Book Critics Circle Award, and has sold hundreds of thousands of copies in English alone, as well as having been translated into a dozen or so other languages.
Praised by both historians and former Los Alamos weapon scientists alike, the book is considered a general authority on early nuclear weapons history, as well as the development of modern physics in general, during the first half of the 20th century.
It reviews the history of TSE epidemics, beginning with the infection of large numbers of the Fore people of the New Guinea Eastern Highlands during a period when they consumed their dead in mortuary feasts, and explores the link between new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (nvCJD) in humans and the consumption of beef contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly referred to as mad cow disease.
Bacteriological water analysis is a method of analysing water to estimate the numbers of bacteria present and, if needed, to find out what sort of bacteria they are.
This process is used, for example, to routinely confirm that water is safe for human consumption or that bathing and recreational waters are safe to use.
Whilst very stringent levels apply to drinking water, more relaxed levels apply to marine bathing waters, where much lower volumes of water are expected to be ingested by users.
The common feature of all these routine screening procedures is that the primary analysis is for indicator organisms rather than the pathogens that might cause concern.
Indicator organisms are used because even when a person is infected with a more pathogenic bacteria, they will still be excreting many millions times more indicator organisms than pathogens.
It is therefore reasonable to surmise that if indicator organism levels are low, then pathogen levels will be very much lower or absent.
Judgements as to suitability of water for use are based on very extensive precedents and relate to the probability of any sample population of bacteria being able to be infective at a reasonable statistical level of confidence.
When indicator organisms levels exceed pre-set triggers, specific analysis for pathogens may then be undertaken and these can be quickly detected (where suspected) using specific culture methods or molecular biology.
A media that contains bile salts which promotes the growth of gram negative and has inhibitory characteristic to gram positive although not complete inhibitory.
Because the analysis is always based on a very small sample taken from a very large volume of water, all methods rely on statistical principles.
In this method a measured sub-sample (perhaps 10 ml) is diluted with 100 ml of sterile growth medium and an aliquot of 10 ml is then decanted into each of ten tubes.
The tubes are then incubated at a pre-set temperature for a specified time and at the end of the process the number of tubes with growth in is counted for each dilution.
This method can be enhanced by using indicator medium which changes colour when acid forming species are present and by including a tiny inverted tube called a Durham tube in each sample tube.
ATP is a molecule found only in and around living cells, and as such it gives a direct measure of biological concentration and health.
ATP is quantified by measuring the light produced through its reaction with the naturally occurring enzyme firefly luciferase using a luminometer.
Second generation ATP tests are specifically designed for water, wastewater and industrial applications where, for the most part, samples contain a variety of components that can interfere with the ATP assay.
The plate count method relies on bacteria growing a colony on a nutrient medium so that the colony becomes visible to the naked eye and the number of colonies on a plate can be counted.
To be effective, the dilution of the original sample must be arranged so that on average between 30 and 300 colonies of the target bacterium are grown.
Fewer than 30 colonies makes the interpretation statistically unsound whilst greater than 300 colonies often results in overlapping colonies and imprecision in the count.
Typically one set of plates is incubated at 22 °C and for 24 hours and a second set at 37 °C for 24 hours.
The composition of the nutrient usually includes reagents that resist the growth of non-target organisms and make the target organism easily identified, often by a colour change in the medium.
At the end of the incubation period the colonies are counted by eye, a procedure that takes a few moments and does not require a microscope as the colonies are typically a few millimetres across.
Most modern laboratories use a refinement of total plate count in which serial dilutions of the sample are vacuum filtered through purpose made membrane filters and these filters are themselves laid on nutrient medium within sealed plates.
Membranes have a printed millimetre grid printed on and can be reliably used to count the number of colonies under a binocular microscope.
When the analysis is looking for bacterial species that grow poorly in air, the initial analysis is done by mixing serial dilutions of the sample in liquid nutrient agar which is then poured into bottles which are then sealed and laid on their sides to produce a sloping agar surface.
It contains bile salts (to inhibit most Gram-positive bacteria), crystal violet dye (which also inhibits certain Gram-positive bacteria), neutral red dye (which stains microbes fermenting lactose), lactose and peptone.
Alfred Theodore MacConkey developed it while working as a bacteriologist for the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal in the United Kingdom.
These include rosolic acid to inhibit bacterial growth in general, except for faecal coliforms, bile salts inhibit non-enteric bacteria and aniline blue indicates the ability of faecal coliforms to ferment lactose to acid that causes a pH change in the medium.
water and is a non selective medium usually cultivated at two temperatures (22 and 36 °C) to determine a general level of contamination (a.k.a.
During the personal rule of the English King Charles I (1629–1640), one of the ways in which he attempted to raise money was through the granting of patents.
When Portland died, Laud and Cottington contended over the company, which increased annual profits to the crown to nearly 33,000 pounds by the end of the 1630s.
The Central railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located at the southern end of the Sydney central business district in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia.
The station is the largest and busiest railway station in New South Wales and serves as a major transport interchange for NSW TrainLink inter-city rail services, Sydney Trains commuter rail services, Sydney light rail services, State Transit bus services, and private coach transport services.
Central station occupies a large city block separating , , and the central business district, bounded by Railway Square and Pitt Street in the west, Eddy Avenue in the north, Elizabeth Street in the east and the Devonshire Street Tunnel in the south.
Parts of the station and marshalling yards extend as far south as Cleveland Street, and are located on the site of the former Devonshire Street Cemetery.
Proposals began in the 1840s for a railway linking the two major centres of Sydney and Parramatta, with an eastern terminus close to the Sydney city centre.
Although the Sydney Railway Company first applied to the government for four blocks of land between Hay and Cleveland Streets in 1849, the Surveyor General favoured Grose Farm, now the grounds of The University of Sydney.
The Company finally exchanged land in the first, second and third blocks, between Hay and Devonshire Streets, for an increased area of in the fourth block, the Government Paddocks, between Devonshire and Cleveland Streets.
It was a temporary timber and corrugated iron building, constructed rapidly in late August to early September 1855, in time for the opening of the line to Parramatta for passenger trains.
A photograph of the exterior of the first station taken in 1871 shows vertical boarding, windows with a hood and a corrugated iron roof, with a roof vent.
A similar platform and line layout was used for the Mortuary Station, constructed 15 years later, however, the level of detail and materials varied considerably.
The first station building was extended almost immediately, a shed being constructed at the southern end to cover an additional of platform.
When this station became inadequate for the traffic it carried, a new station was built in 1874 on the same site and also called Sydney Terminal.
The second station building was constructed on the site of the first station, the main hall spanning the up and down mainlines.
The new station building appears to have taken three years to complete, the drawings are dated 1871, the official opening was in 1874.
The second station, like the first, was constructed to allow for a future extension of the line into the city, the lines initially extending just far enough past the building to accommodate a steam locomotive.
John Whitton, the Engineer-in-Chief designed a neo-classical station building to be constructed of brick, with the decorative detail formed using polychromatic and relief work.
Almost immediately the demand for platform space during peak times resulted in additional branch lines and platforms being constructed adjacent to the passenger station.
The second Redfern station, demolished following the completion of the first stage of the main terminal building , was a gloomy building, the glass in the roof lantern not permitting a great deal of light to enter and the soot from the steam locomotives coating the surfaces with grime.
The second station grew to 14 platforms before it was replaced by the present-day station to the north of Devonshire Street.
Initially, a horse-bus service operated from the station to the city, and both Engineer-in-Chief, John Whitton, and Chief Commissioner for Railways, B. H. Martindale, recognised the urgency of a city rail extension.
In 1877 John Young, a prominent Sydney builder and local politician proposed a scheme to provide a circular city extension to the railway.
The route included stations at Oxford Street, William Street and Woolloomooloo in the east, Circular Quay, then Dawes Point and a line parallel to Darling Harbour in the west.
In 1897 Norman Selfe drew up a scheme for the gradual enlargement and extension of the railway to the northern end of the city and in the same year Railway Commissioner, E. M. G. Eddy, proposed a terminal city station at the corner of Elizabeth Street and St James' Road.
The route of the latter was virtually the same as that for 1879, however, the new site for the terminus included half of the northern end of Hyde Park.
Although of the burial ground in Devonshire Street was offered as compensation, public sentiment still opposed the loss of Hyde Park.
The initial designs for a near Sydney Terminal were prepared by Henry Deane, the Engineer-in-Chief of Railway Construction in consultation with the Railway Commissioners.
Although the St James location was preferred, a scheme that did not involve the disturbance of or use of land in Hyde Park was sought.
The extension of Belmore Park was initially proposed in the 1897 scheme as compensation for the use of the north western corner of Hyde Park as a Railway Station.
Following a change of government the St James scheme was abandoned and Henry Deane prepared, , a further two schemes, one of which was for the Old Burial Ground Site.
The Royal Commission in 1897 again considered the city railway extension because of dangerous congestion at Redfern and recommended using Hyde Park.
Then, after an investigative trip overseas, Henry Deane, Engineer-in-Chief, prepared alternative proposals for a new railway terminal for the government in 1900.
The second scheme proposal called for the resumption of the Devonshire Street cemeteries, but this was cheaper and less contentious than the acquisition of Hyde Park.
The earlier schemes to extend the lines further into the city would have been prohibitively expensive and would have required large scale resumptions.
Due to the extent of the resumption there would, in addition to a terminus be room for the extension of the goods yard and the erection of a carriage shed and post office.
The existing lines were at a higher level than the Burial Ground so rather than lower the existing railway track the tramlines were to be raised to serve a high level station.
The total estimated cost of the works was to be with the General Works estimated at , the Station Building estimated at and the Resumptions estimated at .
Almost immediately these estimate proved conservative, there was much public concern regarding the removal of bodies from the Old Burial ground and a new cemetery, the Botany Cemetery, had to be constructed, at public expense at La Perouse.
If Belmore Park is included, all the land now occupied by the railway at Central and Redfern coincides with the Company's original selection of four blocks between Hay and Cleveland Streets.
During Governor Macquarie's term, the future site of the Sydney Terminal was beyond the limits of settlement, which were marked by the tollhouse located at the end of George Street and at the entrance to Railway Square.
The new station was built on a site previously occupied by the Devonshire Street Cemetery, South Sydney Morgue, the Convent of the Good Samaritan, the Sydney Female Refuge, police barracks and superintendent's residence (on Pitt Street), Christ Church Parsonage, the Benevolent Asylum (fronting Railway Square), a steam train depot (ad the corner of Pitt Street with Garden Road), as well as some residential properties on Railway Place.
The members included the government architect Walter Liberty Vernon, both of the chief engineers of the NSW railway (for railway construction and existing lines respectively), and the chief engineers of the Queensland and Victorian railways.
The layout was largely determined by the planning requirements of the railway engineers, to which an appropriate architectural style was overlaid.
However, the initial scheme did not contain the required accommodation and an enlargement of the building was approved by the Minister.
The scale of the building, arrangement of the approaches and viaducts, the ground level colonnade and the position of the clocktower are all similar to the subsequent scheme, which was actually constructed.
Families could remove the remains to a cemetery of their choosing however, the majority of bodies removed were relocated, at government expense, to the new cemetery at La Perouse.
The earlier brick and sandstone design, with a mansard roof was abandoned in favour of an all sandstone terminus building which largely incorporated the same passenger, tram and vehicle separation as the earlier scheme.
During 1899 a Parliamentary Standing Committee had debated whether the major public buildings should be constructed of brick with a sandstone trim or all sandstone.
All the old buildings and human remains have been removed from the site and the foundation stone was laid at the corner of Pitt-street and the New Belmore road on the 30th April.
The information of New-Street, 2 chains in width, the extension of Castlereagh-street and the widening of Hay and Elizabeth Streets is well forward.
The completed building consequently shows a much larger building than originally proposed, but it is thought in the future it will come into use.
In his lecture Henry Deane also discusses many of the technical aspects of the design including luggage handling, the lifts, the water towers, the train shed roof, which was subsequently deleted as a cost-cutting measure, the platforms and signalling.
The train shed roof was to be designed to have a central span of 198 ft with two sides spans of 78 ft. Three pin trusses were to be employed, which where to be brought to the ground to provide intermediate support.
This truss and roof configuration was to be based on that of the Union Station, St Loius, visited by Deane in 1894.
The platform area was to be double that of the earlier station and correspondingly double the number of passengers could be accommodated.
During the remainder of that night, the passenger concourse was demolished and the line extended through the old station into the new station.
Devonshire Street, which separated the two stations, became a pedestrian underpass to allow people to cross the railway line and is now known by many as the Devonshire Street Tunnel.
An clock tower in the Free Classical style was added at the north-western corner of the station, opening on 3 March 1921.
On a continuous axis with the first station building, Belmore Park originally fronted the first Hay and Corn Markets in Hay Street.
Although neither scheme was attempted, Selfe proposal is recalled in the Elizabeth Street ramp which was built in 1925 to allow the extension of an electric connection to the city.
Facing the working class terraces in Surry Hills, the eastern wing was finished in brick rather than stone when shortage of funds hurried completion of the first stage of the station in 1906.
It was the obvious location for expansion when new platforms were added to the original complex to provide the electrical city and suburban connection in 1926.
The grand station building is eclipsed from view at street level by the Elizabeth Street ramp and the later semi-circular classical entrance portico to the city connection is in refined contrast to the rusticated blocks and heavy treatment of the main building.
Upon arrival at Central station, the rioters set about destroying the station facilities, and fire was exchanged between rampaging rioters and military police.
The only remaining evidence of the gun battle is a small bullet-hole in the marble by the entrance to platform 1.
This incident had a direct influence on the introduction of 6 o'clock closing of hotels in 1916, which lasted in New South Wales until 1955.
The original proposal for electrification was for the North Shore line, from Hornsby to , a separate line which could be electrified without impact on the remainder of the rail system.
However, due to the necessity of building the City Underground Railway and the proposal for a Sydney Harbour Bridge, not to mention the expansion of the Illawarra and Bankstown lines, the program was altered in order that the electrification could be linked with these proposed expansions.
From Well Street, Redfern eight tracks would continue as the City Railway whilst four would carry the country trains to the Sydney Terminal.
An above ground station which would include a link to allow the transfer of passengers and baggage to the Sydney Terminal.
South of the station buildings, additional works built to accommodate the electrification and expansion of the city and suburban lines included extensions to the Cleveland Street Bridge and flyovers.
The new viaduct along Elizabeth Street included new bridges over Eddy Avenue, Campbell Street and Hay Street and a new retaining wall along Elizabeth Street.
The start of this modernisation program coincided with the 125th Anniversary of the NSW Railways and it was at a time when many major service advances were being made to the State Rail System.
In addition to the construction of the main trunk line between Sydney and Parramatta in 1855, a branch line between Darling Harbour and the Sydney Yard, with a cutting and underpass to carry the line under George Street, was also constructed.
In the first decades of settlement goods were loaded and unloaded in Sydney Cove, however, as the city expanded the wharves extended round into Cockle Bay (Darling Harbour).
The Darling Harbour Line is one of the first cuttings and overbridges to be constructed as part of the NSW Rail network.
In contrast to later structures sandstone is used to line the walls of the underpass and to form the over bridge.
The line fell into disuse with the demise of Darling Harbour as a working harbour in the second half of the 20th century.
Part of the railway, from Haymarket at Hay Street, near the Powerhouse Museum connecting to the Metropolitan Goods railway line to Lilyfield and Dulwich Hill, became part of the new light rail Dulwich Hill Line.
Trams entering the city via the Dulwich Hill line deviated from the Darling Harbour line at Hay Street to run via surface streets to the Central station colonnade.
For a time, the remainder of the former Darling Harbour line, from Sydney Yard to Hay Street, remained disused and functional, and was used to transfer trains to the Powerhouse Museum.
The first Sydney railway workshop, constructed was a substantial two storey sandstone building with arched openings to both floors and a slate roof.
By 1865, a timber extension had been constructed over a section of track to allow the locomotives to be worked on under cover.
In contrast with the first Redfern Station building [Sydney Terminal] the main workshop building was an elaborately detailed sandstone building, with a rock-faced ashlar base, quoins and sills.
The use of substantial and well-detailed sandstone buildings on the site was to continue with the construction of the twin-gabled goods shed, the Mortuary Station and finally the present station building and its approaches.
Although no architectural drawings of these buildings have been located it is assumed that metal roof trusses and cast iron internal columns were used, similar to the structural system favoured in England, and later employed at Eveleigh.
It was unusual, even in the 19th century for this level of decorative detail to be employed on such a utilitarian structure as a goods shed, the standard of building obviously representing the level of importance of the yard.
Until the construction of the railway workshops at Eveleigh in the mid-1880s the majority of the maintenance work was undertaken at the Sydney/Redfern Yard.
Further towards the park, in the area now known as the Prince Alfred Sidings were located the carpenters shop, the second blacksmiths shop and an office.
Little physical evidence remains of the layout or the functioning of this once extensive railway yard as many of the structures were removed to allow for the construction of platforms 16-23 and subsequently the city electric station.
The Mortuary Station, or the Receiving House as it was known was originally constructed for funeral parties, the mourners accompanying the coffin on the journey to the necropolis at Rookwood Cemetery.
Most documentary sources date the building as being constructed in 1869 however, the outline of the station first appears on the 1865 MWS&DB; plan.
The inner Sydney cemetery or New Burial Ground, also known as the Sandhills or Devonshire Street station was located in the Brickfields, a site now occupied by the main terminal building.
The station within the Necropolis has subsequently been relocated and modified to form the nave of All Saints Church of England, , ACT.
The regular funerary train service to Haslem's Creek cemetery (the Rookwood Necropolis) commenced in 1867, two years before Mortuary Central and the Rookwood Station had been completed.
By 1908 there were four stations within the necropolis, named Mortuary Stations 1-4, the Sydney receiving house was known as Mortuary Central.
From the variation claim submitted by the builders it would appear that a slightly larger building, with more decoration was built than originally intended.
Two colours of stone were employed, a darker shade of the arches and the surrounds to the medallions, the lighter shade being reserved for the ashlar work.
The arcade covering the platform is very elaborate, with its curved queen post truss roof, with ripple iron above following the curve, blind arcading to the west that mirrors the eastern arcade, and geometric tiled floor.
This platform would have contrasted with the more utilitarian Redfern station building, designed by John Whitton and constructed in the early 1870s.
The stonework of the Mortuary Station was very delicately worked, with a number of different foliage motifs forming the capitals, the trefoil spandrel panel within the main arches and the medallions.
A star and zig-zag motif was used on the soffit of the arch, ball flowers on the cornice brackets and a zig-zag on the cornice.
The original roof covering was slate, with a pattern of half round and diamond slates being employed at the ridge and above the eaves.
A leaf motif was used for the balustrade to the porte-cochere and repeated in the panels of the elaborate timber gates that lead to the platform.
A palisade fence that stepped down to follow the slope and matching gates separated the station from the street and a picket fence lined the ramps.
The spire of Mortuary Station (the Bellcote) was a distinctive townscape element it could be seen from the Exhibition Grounds (Prince Alfred Park) and from Sydney University.
The arcade detail, of Mortuary Central with its pointed trefoil arches, medallions and foliated capitals is reminiscent of the hotel at St Pancras Station by Sir George Gilbert Scott, designed in 1865 and constructed 1868–73.
The Mortuary station became part of the rail complex at central after the new station was constructed in 1906, although it remained physically separate from the new station buildings.
By the late 1970s the station had deteriorated, slates were missing from the roof and the stonework, black from pollution was also covered form graffiti.
The Railway Institute on Chalmers Street was constructed as a venue for the railway employees, providing a setting for both educational activities and social functions.
It is reputed to be the first Railway Institute in Australia and provided a range of services for railway employees such as evening classes and a library.
Many public buildings were designed by competition c. 1890, during the period of transition between the Colonial and Government Architects Offices.
When the Railway Institute was constructed in 1891, the building was located on the corner of Devonshire Street and Elizabeth Street, at the north eastern corner of the Sydney rail yard.
In addition to the library there were two halls, a large hall, with a stage, and a smaller hall on the ground floor.
The detail of this space is largely intact and there are few examples of small scale halls of this period remaining in Sydney.
A single storey addition to the building, designed by the Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon was added in 1898 to the south east of the main building.
The building was also utilised during emergencies such as the 1919 Influenza epidemic when women volunteers manufactured face masks (for railway employees).
There are few examples of Institutes of this period that provided such a high level of facilities for the benefit of the employees.
The location of this station is on land that has been in continuous government use since the commencement of European settlement.
It is sited to dominate its surroundings and to mark the importance of the railways and its service to the state and the city.
This elevated siting also permits the use of the topography to gain road access to more than one level enabling the development of an extensive subterranean luggage network and separation of differing modes of transport.
The commanding position of the Terminus with large areas of open space sloping away from the building continues the public domain of Railway Square whilst maintaining a clear vista of the Terminus from the surrounding area.
On the main, Eddy Avenue façade, the terminus comprises a colonnade and porte-cochere, which originally provided an undercover area for passengers transferring to and from trams.
After the removal of the original Sydney tram network, the upper level colonnade was used by motor vehicles, but it is now again used by trams on the Dulwich Hill Line.
The station opened on 5 August 1906 with 11 platforms, but was soon expanded to 15, and by 1913 had 19.
As part of the construction of the electrified city railway in the 1920s, the existing station was cut back to 15 platforms with new platforms built to the east of the existing station.
The current 15 Sydney Terminal platforms run perpendicular to the main station concourse and all are dead end with the buffer stop.
They are arranged as seven double platforms and one single platform, each with an awning, servicing a total of 15 tracks.
It enabled the locomotive to uncouple from its train and either depart or re-couple on the other end to pull the train to the next destination.
There was extreme pressure on the speed to ready a train for the next destination due to the lack of platform space and a steady growth of rail patronage.
The only locomotive hauled trains now using Sydney Terminal are the Indian Pacific and special trains which usually use Platform 1.
Platforms 1 and 2–3 were lengthened to their present length in 1962 covering the skylights to the Devonshire Street Subway for diesel hauled trains like the Southern Aurora.
To the east of the Sydney Terminal building are ten further platforms, used by suburban Sydney Trains services and by a limited number of NSW TrainLink intercity services during peak hours.
As part of the construction of the electrified city railway in the 1920s and the electrification and expansions of the Sydney suburban lines, the existing station was cut back to 15 platforms with new platforms 16 to 23 built on the station's eastern side in 1926.
The Electric Station was part of the construction works overseen by Bradfield that included the excavation of the tunnels, the building of the Harbour Bridge, and electrification of the suburban rail network.
The platforms continue north via a six-track viaduct paralleling Elizabeth Street built to the north, passing over Campbell Street and Hay Street, and ending at Goulburn Street where it enters tunnels to connect with the City Circle underground rail system and the North Shore over the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
There are two major pedestrian entrances to Central Electric: one at Elizabeth Street and one at the top of Eddy Avenue ramp.
This involved the four southbound tracks passing beneath the northbound tracks with a series of diamond crossings allowing trains to cross lines without impeding trains traveling in the opposite direction.
In February 1926, Platform 18 and 19 of the steam station were wired for electric trains with a demonstration run from Sydney to Hurstville.
This wiring was transferred to Platforms 21 and 23 and Platforms 14 and 15 were wired for Bankstown electric train services commencing October 1926 and later worked into St James.
Two further underground platforms were built as part of the Eastern Suburbs Railway, bringing the total number of platforms in the suburban section to ten.
While the plans called for four platforms, two (for the Southern Suburbs line) were intended to be used in the future and have never been brought into service.
A construction project began in 2018 to construct two new underground platforms to serve the Sydney Metro City & Southwest, and a new underground concourse called Central Walk.
In June 2015, a new elevated indicator board was installed on the main concourse on the same standstone base as the original board.
After Central was built in 1906, Devonshire Street, to the north of the old station, became an underpass, now called the Devonshire Street Tunnel or Devonshire Street Subway.
To the west, tunnel continues under Railway Square and connects to The Goods Line– the former Darling Harbour Line railway line which has been converted to a park and pedestrian pathway to Ultimo and Darling Harbour.
The western side of the Sydney Terminal building lead down to Railway Square, originally Central Square, at the junction of George and Pitt Streets.
Although Railway Square no longer signifies the entrance to the interior of the colony, it has always channelled traffic from the southern parts of the city and out west to Parramatta.
From the building of the first railway terminus at Devonshire Street in 1855, it was an important focus for the arrival of country persons to the city and later commuters into the city.
The importance of the relationship between the Sydney Terminus and Railway Square is reflected in the elevations of the main building.
Here the dominating presence of the clock tower, completed in 1921, marked the arrival and departure times, the beginning and the end of a workman's day.
Before the spread of the suburbs, a workman could make a return trip home to eat dinner in his lunch hour.
Its symmetrical, boldly modelled elevations and its siting in the middle of an open space give it the presence of a public monument or sculpture.
Due to the oblique road approaches to the Railway Square this building forms a strong element within the Sydney Terminal Precinct.
South of the Devonshire Street Tunnel, a large rail yard extends to the Cleveland Street Bridge, linking the Sydney Terminal platforms (1-15) with the railway lines extending west.
Previously, at leasttwo2 Signal Boxes would have been located in the Yard at any one time, but these have been removed due to the mechanical interlocking system being computerised and pneumatically operated.
The rail Yard connects to the passenger platforms of Sydney Terminal which are as originally designed and built, with the infrastructure for steam locomotives having been removed - these being water columns between each track near the buffers.
The open space of the rail yards adds to the experience of arrival to the city from the north and south by opening up vistas to the imposing Sydney Terminal with its landmark tower.
This open space permits the imposing Terminus and its Tower to be visible when viewed from a distance much as it was intended when originally built.
1 Main Line), and extends to the Regent Street boundary to the west, Devonshire Street Subway to the north and Cleveland Street Bridge to the south.
The lines were used as storage yards for making up passenger trains and for goods being loaded and unloaded at the Parcel and Goods Sidings.
This was a major activity at the Sydney Terminal that has become obsolete due to the introduction of technological changes such as fixed sets of rail cars, and the phasing out of locomotive-pulled trains.
This is no longer in use, and part of the former line is now the Goods Line, a lineal park connected to Devonshire Street Tunnel.
The Mortuary Station with its siding and platform is on the boundary of this rail yard, facing Regent Street, and is visible from Railway Square because of the low scale of buildings in the Western Yard.
Rail access to the Mortuary Station was from the main lines near the Cleveland Street Bridge, and has remained in service since the mid-1860s.
The six rail lines that enter the shed were connected to the yard through tunnels at the end of Platform No.
With locomotive hauled trains the train was marshalled for running in one direction, it has the locomotive at the head of the train and a brake van near the rear.
The decline in shunting and the removal of coal and water storage has seen a reduction in the level of activity in the yard.
Although it has progressed through various configurations, the landscape has maintained the same ground level since 1856 with its final layout being enlarged in 1906 by the removal of some houses and the realignment of Regent Street to its present format.
The Parcel Dock was physically connected with the main station complex and had four platforms (two dock platforms) for the use of mail trains.
The Prince Alfred Sidings were formerly to the south of Platform 23 and on the eastern perimeter of the site, making up the boundary with Prince Alfred Park to the south-east.
Prior to the construction of the electric lines, the yard was a goods yard containing Produce and Goods Sheds as well as the first carriage shed.
The Yard is a small part of the original Sydney yard, of which a number of buildings remain which date from 1870.
The construction of the electric system reduced the width of the Prince Alfred Sidings, and trains within this yard needed to be protected because of vandalism.
The Electric Sub Station is part of the 1926 electrification works and is linked with the sub station at the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
A retaining wall forms the boundary with Prince Alfred Park, the retaining wall has been incorporated into the rear wall of the blacksmiths workshops.
A number of mature trees are growing on the boundary, the largest being a Moreton Bay Fig at least 80 years old.
The Prince Alfred sidings were closed in August 1995 and then demolished to make way for the Airport line, which enters a tunnel built into the retaining wall of Prince Alfred Park.
The platforms are numbered from 1 to 25, with 1 being the westernmost platform and 25 being one of the easternmost.
Central Grand Concourse is the eastern terminus of the Dulwich Hill Line that operates to Chinatown, Darling Harbour, Pyrmont and the inner western suburbs.
This area was originally designed for trams, and as such was used by trams until 1958, when the service was withdrawn.
Construction of the CBD and South East Light Rail line from Circular Quay to Kingsford and Randwick via Central commenced in 2015.
The listing includes the Sydney Terminal building, the Sydney Yards adjacent to it, the Western Yard, the West Carriage Sheds, the Prince Alfred Sidings, the Central electric station, as well as adjacent buildings and infrastructure including the Mortuary Station, the Darling Harbour branch line, the Railway Institute and the Parcel Post Office.
Robin was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and studied at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law and at Carnegie Tech's drama school.
His principal collaborator was composer Ralph Rainger, together they became one of the leading film songwriting duos of the 1930s and early 1940s, writing over 50 hits.
Robin continued to collaborate with many other composers over the years, including Vincent Youmans, Sam Coslow, Richard A. Whiting, and Nacio Herb Brown.
Thirty years later, the star has yet to be installed...Robin’s wife, Cherie Redmond, who applied for her late husband’s star, never saw the letter that arrived on June 18, 1990; she had passed away on May 28, (1989)...(a year) before it was mailed.
Robin died of heart failure in Woodland Hills, California at the age of 84 and was interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California.
Balakrishnan Nair, more popularly known as Balan K. Nair (4 April 1933 in Chemancheri, Calicut – 26 August 2000 in Trivandrum) was an Indian actor known for his roles in Malayalam films.
Balakrishnan (Balan K.) Nair was born as eldest among four to Idakkulam Kizhakke Veettil Kutti Raman Nair, a store owner, and Devaki Amma, a housewife in 1933 in a village called Chemancheri near Quilandy.
His parents died when he was young and hence he had to take care of his siblings and discontinue his studies at eighth grade.
Balan K. Nair died of Bone Cancer at Sree Chitra Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram on 26 August 2000, aged 67.
The shrine complex itself consists of two main buildings: the Honsha shrine and the Sessha Marodo-jinja, as well as 17 other different buildings and structures that help to distinguish it.
The complex is also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and six of its buildings and possessions have been designated by the Japanese government as National Treasures.
However, the present shrine has been popularly attributed to Taira no Kiyomori, a prominent warlord (daimyo) who contributed heavily to the building of the shrine during his time as governor of Aki Province in 1168.
Another renowned patron of the shrine was the warlord Mori Motonari, lord of Choshu, who was responsible for rebuilding the honden in 1571.
It is important to note, however, that as a result of waging war against Sue Takafusa there in 1555, Motonari is said to have tainted the island's grounds by battling on the island This relates to the strict notions of sacred purity that Shinto shrines stand for.
The Taira are known specifically, for their involvement in maritime trade with the Sung dynasty, and attempting to monopolize overseas trade along the Inland Sea.
Supposedly, Kiyomori chose the location also for the reason to further establish himself in the Heian aristocracy as one who deviated from the social norms of Shinto pilgrimage .
It is also said that Kiyomori rebuilt the shrine on account of a dream he had of an old monk who promised him dominion over Japan if he constructed a shrine on the island of Miyajima, and pay homage to its kami who are enshrined there for his success in life.
The Itsukushima shrine is dedicated to the three daughters of Susano-o no Mikoto: Ichikishimahime no mikoto, Tagorihime no mikoto, and Tagitsuhime no mikoto.
Because the island itself has been considered sacred, commoners were not allowed to set foot on it throughout much of its history to maintain its purity.
Retaining the purity of the shrine is so important that since 1878, no deaths or births have been permitted near it.
To this day, pregnant women are supposed to retreat to the mainland as the day of delivery approaches, as are the terminally ill or the very elderly whose passing has become imminent.
Burials on the island are forbidden.To allow pilgrims to approach, the shrine was built like a pier over the water, so that it appeared to float, separate from the land.
Its walls are decorated in white stucco, and the walls were constructed using a process requiring fifteen coats of white stucco, with vermilion woodwork.
They were a widely influential school in India and became particularly popular during the reign of emperor Harshavadana (606 - 647 CE).
The Pudgalavādins asserted that while there is no ātman, there exists a pudgala (person) or sattva (being) which is neither a conditioned dharma nor an unconditioned dharma.
This text states that the person (pudgala) is the bearer of the five aggregates, and that the taking up of them is craving and suffering:The five aggregates are truly burdens, The burden-carrier is the person.
However, the person could not be denied entirely, for if this were so, nothing would get reborn and nothing would be the object of loving-kindness meditation.
Cousins:The difference is that for the Voidist the person is a label for the aggregates experiences as objects of consciousness whereas for the personalist the relationship between the person and those objects cannot be described as either the same nor different.Thus this pudgala was the subject of experiences, the doer of whole and unwholesome actions, the experiencer of karma.
The five aggregates are the fuel and the pudgala the fire, the fire exists as long as there is fuel, but it is not the same as the fuel and has properties that the fuel does not.
They are co-existent and the fuel (aggregates) are the support for the fire (pudgala), and thus are not the same but not wholly different.
While if one says that fire and fuel are totally different, this is like saying fire does not depend on fuel, a second mistake (related to non-Buddhist views).
Thus they took a middle road between these and argued for a person which is neither identical to the aggregates nor different from them.
The Kathavatthu also mentions that the pudgala can be likened to what is called a being (sattva) and also to what is called jiva (life force), but that is it neither identical nor different from the body (kaya).
Regarding the first form of designation, Dan Lusthaus adds that:If the appropriator is something different from the skandhas themselves, then there is a sixth skandha, which is doctrinally impermissible.
If it is a self-same invariant identity, then this would indeed be a case of atmavada, a view the Vātsīputrīyas, like all Buddhists, reject.
One Pudgalavada text affirms that this doctrine is a middle way thus:If the pudgala could be described in terms of existence or non-existence, one would fall into nihilism (ucchedadristi) or eternalism (sasvatadrsti), but the Buddha does not allow us to uphold there two opinions.
If one says that the pudgala does not exist, that is committing a fault in the order of the questions to be avoided.
If this is true, then the pudgala is nothing but the five aggregates since all that the senses perceive is their direct sense impressions and nothing more.
The school had a Tripitaka, with Sutra Pitaka (in four Agamas), Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidharma Pitakas, like other early Buddhist schools.
The text mentions that lack of knowledge also includes lack of knowledge of the indefinable (avaktavya), which refers to the pudgala.
Peter Harvey agrees with criticisms leveled against the Pudgalavadins by Moggaliputta-Tissa and Vasubandhu, and finds that there is no support in the Pali Nikayas for their pudgala concept.
The theory of the pudgala has been misinterpreted by the polemical literature; nevertheless, it offers much of doctrinal interest to Buddhist thinkers.Furthermore, Thiện Châu in his analysis of their doctrine adds:The Pudgalavadins were probably not satisfied with the interpretation according to which a man is merely the result of a combination of psych~physical factors.
Furthermore: The Vātsīputrīya argument is that the pudgala is a necessary prajñapti since any theory of karma, or any theory that posits that individuals can make spiritual progress for themselves or can assist other individuals to do likewise, is incoherent without it.
Karma means that an action done at one time has subsequent consequences for the same individual at a later time, or even a later life.
If there are no persons, then there is no one who suffers, no one who performs and reaps the consequences of his or her own karma, no Buddha, no Buddhists, and no Buddhism.
Obviously, those are not acceptable consequences for a Buddhist.Lusthaus notes that for the Vātsīputrīyas, their theory is simply an attempt to explain what other Buddhist traditions leave unsaid and assumed, mainly what it is that undergoes rebirth, has moral responsibility and attains enlightenment.
By the fourth century CE, this school had become so influential that they replaced the Sarvastivadins in Sarnath as the most prominent school.
Due to their geographic spread, this led to them being divided into two further sub-schools, the Avantakas centered in Avanti and the Kurukulas centered around Kuru on the upper Ganges.
Their most influential center of learning was at Valabhi University in Gujarat, which remained an important place for the study of Nikaya Buddhism until the 8th century CE.
I-tsing, who visited Gujarat in 670 CE, noted that the Sammitiyas had the greatest number of followers in western India and that the learning center at Valabhi rivaled that of Nalanda.
Étienne Lamotte, using the writings of the Chinese traveler Xuanzang, asserted that the Saṃmitīya were in all likelihood the most populous non-Mahāyāna sect in India, comprising double the number of the next largest sect, although scholar L. S. Cousins revised his estimate down to a quarter of all non-Mahāyāna monks, still the largest overall.
The Saṃmitīya sect seems to have been particularly strong in the Sindh, where one scholar estimates 350 Buddhist monasteries were Saṃmitīya of a total of 450.
They continued to be a presence in India until the end of Indian Buddhism, but, never having gained a foothold elsewhere, did not continue thereafter.
According to Tāranātha, Saṃmitīya monks from the Sindh burned tantric scriptures and destroyed a silver image of Hevajra at Vajrāsana monastery in Bodh Gaya.
In the biography of Xuanzang, it is recounted that an elderly brahmin and follower of the Saṃmitīya sect named Prajñāgupta composed a treatise in 700 verses which opposed the Mahāyāna teachings.
Shirley Ann Caesar-Williams, known professionally as Shirley Caesar (born October 13, 1938 in Durham, North Carolina), is an American Gospel music singer, songwriter and recording artist whose career has spanned seven decades.
She has won 12 Grammy Awards (plus honored with The Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award), 14 Stellar Awards, 18 Doves, 1 RIAA gold certification, an Essence Award, McDonald's Golden Circle Lifetime Achievement Award, NAACP Lifetime Achievement Award, SESAC Lifetime Achievement Award, Rhapsody & Rhythm Award from the National Museum of African American Music, as well as induction into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
She has made several notable appearances, including the televised Live from Disney World Night of Joy, the Gospel According to VH1, a White House performance for George Bush, and a speech on the Evolution of Gospel Music to the US Treasury Department.
Her professional music career began in 1958 at 19, when she approached Albertina Walker about joining The Caravans, one of the most popular gospel groups at that time.
Caesar recorded and performed with Albertina Walker, Cassietta George, Inez Andrews, Delores Washington, Josephine Howard, Eddie Williams and James Herndon while in the Caravans.
Despite this success, she wanted to reach larger audiences and felt this wasn't being achieved with Hob Records, so she decided not to renew her record contract with them, which ended that same year.
Caesar searched for a gospel label and finally decided to sign with Word Records in 1980 and went on to win several more Grammy Awards during the next several years and beyond.
She has made a name for herself in the gospel music circuit, making guest appearances on the Bobby Jones gospel show and other popular television shows.
She has performed with such performers as Patti LaBelle, Whitney Houston, Dorothy Norwood, Faith Evans, Dottie Peoples, Arnold Houston, Kim Burrell, John P. Kee, Kirk Franklin, Tonex, and Tye Tribbett among others.
Caesar is a recipient of a 1999 National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States' highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
In May 2016, the National Museum of African American Music honored Caesar with the Rhapsody & Rhythm Award in Nashville, Tennessee in advance of the planned 2018 opening of the historic museum.
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce proudly honored gospel singer Shirley Caesar with the 2,583rd star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on Tuesday, June 28, 2016.
She also spent time studying at the Divinity School of Duke University and has received honorary doctorates from Shaw University and Southeastern University.
Caesar is the 10th child of 13 children, all her siblings are now deceased, Her father Jim Caesar was a well known local gospel singer but he died suddenly when Shirley was seven years old .
The couple were co-pastors of the 1,500-member Mount Calvary Word of Faith Church in Raleigh, North Carolina, until his death on July 4, 2014.
Recently she has cut back on preaching and has appointed an executive pastor at her church and he provides weekly sermons to the congregation while Caesar serves as senior pastor but Caesar continues to record and perform in concert all over the country .
The Sthavira nikāya split away from the majority Mahāsāṃghikas during the Second Buddhist council resulting in the first schism in the Sangha.
Scholars have generally agreed that the matter of dispute was indeed a matter of vinaya, and have noted that the account of the Mahāsāṃghikas is bolstered by the vinaya texts themselves, as vinayas associated with the Sthaviras do contain more rules than those of the Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya.
According to Skilton, future scholars may determine that a study of the Mahāsāṃghika school will contribute to a better understanding of the early Dhamma-Vinaya than the Theravada school.
The Tibetan historian Buton Rinchen Drub (1290–1364) wrote that the Mahāsāṃghikas used Prakrit, the Sarvāstivādins used Sanskrit, the Sthaviras used Paiśācī, and the Saṃmitīya used Apabhraṃśa.
However, this is not the case, and by the time of Ashoka, the Sthavira sect had split into the Sammitīya Pudgalavada, Sarvāstivāda, and the Vibhajyavāda schools.
The Vibhajyavāda school is believed to have split into other schools as well, such as the Mahīśāsaka school and the ancestor of the Theravada school.
According to Damien Keown, there is no historical evidence that the Theravada school arose until around two centuries after the Great Schism which occurred at the Third Council.
Miller was born in Los Angeles, California, the eldest daughter of Beatrice (née Ammidown), a costume designer, publicist, and journalist, and Mark Miller, a television actor and producer.
Miller graduated from high school in Los Angeles and attended Menlo College in Atherton, California for two years from 1981-1983, then moved to New York City to study theatre at HB Studio.
He is aided in his quest by his two best friends Sam (Grey DeLisle) and Tucker (Rickey D'Shon Collins), and later, his older sister Jazz (Colleen Villard), who for most of the series' run are among the only people who know of his double life.
He lives with his ghost-hunting parents, Jack and Maddie (Rob Paulsen and Kath Soucie), and his overprotective but caring sixteen-year-old sister, Jazz (Colleen Villard).
Upon pressure from his two best friends, Sam Manson (Grey DeLisle) and Tucker Foley (Rickey D'Shon Collins), Danny decides to explore the Ghost Portal created by his parents in their attempt to bridge the real world and the Ghost Zone (the parallel universe in which ghosts reside), that when plugged in, failed to work.
Over time, he develops much stronger abilities, such as his Ghost Ray (a concentrated blast of energy he fires from his hand), his Ghostly Wail (an intensely powerful scream with sonic capabilities that knocks back anything caught in its path), and even cryokinesis.
Danny is initially frightened by his new abilities and has little control over them, but he soon learns to use them to protect his town from malevolent ghosts.
Danny turns to the life of a superhero, using his powers to rid his hometown from the various ghosts who begin to plague it and are almost always brought into the world thanks to the sporadic activation of the Fentons' Ghost Portal.
In the premiere episode of season two, a ghost grants Sam's inadvertent wish that she and Danny had never met; in consequence, Danny loses not only memories, but his ghost powers as well, as Sam had primarily been the one to persuade Danny to investigate the Portal in the first place, which led to the accident.
Thankfully, Sam had been protected from the wish by the ghost-hunting tech of Danny's parents, allowing her to persuade the now fully human Danny to regain his powers by re-enacting the accident.
Throughout the series, Danny slowly realizes his own potential and purpose, while both worlds slowly begin to accept him as their defender.
The end credit music is amazing; the music inside the show where Danny's fighting a ghost, or when a relationship gets really tender, and there's a tender moment, the music there is amazing, too.
Moon supports his score (and theme song) with a prominent bassline and often explores the funk genre, especially in scene transitions.
He typically features electric guitar in more action-packed moments, deep brass instruments in darker moments, and electric piano in more tender moments.
After the show ended, reruns continued to air on Nicktoons until December 25, 2016, and returned to premiere on NickRewind for the first time on January 16, 2019.
But, as is the case with so many contemporary cartoons, the rush to violence overshadows the good aspects of the series.
As a result, the show has appealed to a wide demographic, attracting young children curious about the high school experience, teenagers who know it all too well, and even adults who watch the show with fond (or sometimes not-so-fond) memories of their own adolescence.
In August 2016, on YouTube, Hartman released concept artwork for a potential revival while alluding to ideas about what has happened to the main characters in the last 10 years.
The short was well received by audiences and amassed over 1 million views on YouTube alone within a week of its release.
We even wrote a Nickelodeon live-action script, and we were gonna do a movie... but people really want to see a new animated series, they really do.
In February 2017, this campaign was mentioned on the Nickelodeon Animation Podcast by host Hector Navarro and was well received by the main cast members.
The Stanley Cup champions were the Tampa Bay Lightning, who won the best of seven series four games to three against the Calgary Flames.
For the fourth time in eight years, the all-time record for total shutouts in a season was shattered, as 192 shutouts were recorded.
The 2003–04 regular season was also the first one (excluding the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season) since 1967–68 in which there was neither a 50-goal scorer, nor a 100-point scorer.
It was also the final NHL season before the 2004–05 NHL lockout, and the final season in which games could end in ties.
The 30 teams played 82 games in a revamped format that increased divisional games from five to six per team (24 total), conference games from three to four (40 total), and decreased inter-conference games to at least one per team, with three extra games (18 in total).
For the first season since the 1969–70 season, teams would now wear their colored jerseys at home and white jerseys away.
The Phoenix Coyotes moved to a new arena in Glendale, Arizona, after playing their first seven seasons at America West Arena.
During the entire season, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman and NHL Players' Association (NHLPA) head Bob Goodenow waged a war of words with no agreement being signed.
On September 26, just before the season was to begin, young Atlanta Thrashers star Dany Heatley crashed his Ferrari in suburban Atlanta.
Entering the season, the two Stanley Cup favorites were the Ottawa Senators in the Eastern Conference, who had won the Presidents' Trophy and come within a win of the Stanley Cup Finals the year before, and the Colorado Avalanche in the Western Conference, who, despite losing legendary goaltender Patrick Roy to retirement, added both Teemu Selanne and Paul Kariya to an already star-studded lineup.
Neither of these teams, however, were as successful as expected, with Ottawa finishing fifth in their conference and Colorado finishing fourth, losing the Northwest Division title for the first time in a decade when the franchise was still known as the Quebec Nordiques.
The greatest disappointments were the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, who, despite making it to Game 7 of the Stanley Cup Finals the year prior and adding both Sergei Fedorov and Vaclav Prospal, failed to make the playoffs.
The Capitals traded away Jaromir Jagr, Peter Bondra, Sergei Gonchar, Robert Lang and Anson Carter, while the Rangers moved Petr Nedved, Brian Leetch, Anson Carter and Alexei Kovalev to other NHL teams.
The Lightning, who had a remarkable season with only 20 man-games lost to injury, finished atop the Eastern Conference, while the Sharks, who were firmly in rebuilding mode after a disastrous 28–37–9–8 campaign the last season, came second in the West and won the Pacific Division.
The Calgary Flames ended a seven-year playoff drought backed by the solid play of Miikka Kiprusoff, and the Boston Bruins won the Northeast Division by a whisker over the Toronto Maple Leafs with the help of eventual Calder Memorial Trophy-winning goaltender Andrew Raycroft.
Goaltending was also the story of the Presidents' Trophy-winning Detroit Red Wings as the return from retirement of legend Dominik Hasek bumped Curtis Joseph to the minor leagues.
At the same time, long-time back up Manny Legace recorded better numbers than both veterans and won the starting job in the playoffs.
Of note is the fact that the Nashville Predators made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, though they were dispatched by a star-studded Detroit Red Wings team in the first round.
The regular season ended controversially, when in March 2004, the Vancouver Canucks' Todd Bertuzzi infamously attacked and severely injured the Colorado Avalanche's Steve Moore, forcing the latter to eventually retire.
The Ottawa Senators met the Toronto Maple Leafs for the fourth time in five years in the always passion-filled Battle of Ontario.
The Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens met in a resumption of the most common of all NHL playoff series, and one which the Canadiens have thoroughly dominated, including an upset win two years prior.
The West saw the resumption of the Vancouver-Calgary rivalry, which had been somewhat dormant as the Flames made the playoffs for the first time since 1996.
In a less passionate but still interesting matchup, Detroit played division rival Nashville (whom they had struggled against during the regular season) in Nashville's first ever franchise visit to the playoffs.
The Calgary Flames, a sixth seed, defeated the Canucks, the Red Wings and the Sharks to become the first Canadian team to reach the Stanley Cup Finals in ten years, since the Canucks lost to the Rangers in .
They faced the Tampa Bay Lightning, who defeated the Islanders in five, swept the Canadiens and defeated the Flyers in seven games.
With the Flames having a 3–2 series lead and the series going back to Calgary for Game 6, with the Stanley Cup in the building and with the game tied 2–2 in the third, Martin Gelinas of the Flames (who scored the series-winning goals in the Flames' three previous series) appeared to have scored the go-ahead goal.
The Lightning went on to win Game 7 by a score of 2–1 and captured their first championship in franchise history.
The Ottoman and Azeri forms of Turkish, which forms the basis of much of the written corpus, were highly influenced by Persian and Arabic literature, and used the Ottoman Turkish alphabet.
The oldest extant records of written Turkic are the Orhon inscriptions, found in the Orhon River valley in central Mongolia and dating to the 7th century.
Beginning with the victory of the Seljuks at the Battle of Manzikert in the late 11th century, the Oghuz Turks began to settle in Anatolia, and in addition to the earlier oral traditions there arose a written literary tradition issuing largely—in terms of themes, genres, and styles—from Arabic and Persian literature.
For the next 900 years, until shortly before the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1922, the oral and written traditions would remain largely separate from one another.
The earliest known examples of Turkic poetry date to sometime in the 6th century AD and were composed in the Uyghur language.
During the era of oral poetry, the earliest Turkic verses were intended as songs and their recitation a part of the community's social life and entertainment.
The Book of Dede Korkut may have had its origins in the poetry of the 10th century but remained an oral tradition until the 15th century.
The earlier written works Kutadgu Bilig and Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk date to the second half of the 11th century and are the earliest known examples of Turkish literature with few exceptions.
The golden age of Ottoman literature lasted from the 15th century until the 18th century and included mostly divan poetry but also some prose works, most notably the 10 volume Seyahatnâme (Book of Travels) written by Evliya Çelebi.
The periodization of Turkish literature is debated and scholars have floated different proposals to classify the stages of Turkic literary development.
Yet another more complex approach suggests a 5-stage division including both pre-Islamic (until the 11th century) and pre-Ottoman Islamic (between the 11th and 13th centuries).
The 5-stage approach further divides modern literature into a transitional period from the 1850s to the 1920s and finally a modern period reaching into the present day.
Throughout most of its history, Turkish literature has been rather sharply divided into two different traditions, neither of which exercised much influence upon the other until the 19th century.
For most of the history of Turkish literature, the salient difference between the folk and the written traditions has been the variety of language employed.
The folk tradition, by and large, was an oral tradition carried on by minstrels and remained free of the influence of Persian and Arabic literature, and consequently of those literatures' respective languages.
Furthermore, Turkish folk poetry has always had an intimate connection with song—most of the poetry was, in fact, expressly composed so as to be sung—and so became to a great extent inseparable from the tradition of Turkish folk music.
In contrast to the tradition of Turkish folk literature, Turkish written literature—prior to the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923—tended to embrace the influence of Persian and Arabic literature.
To some extent, this can be seen as far back as the Seljuk period in the late 11th to early 14th centuries, where official business was conducted in the Persian language, rather than in Turkish, and where a court poet such as Dehhanî—who served under the 13th century sultan Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I—wrote in a language highly inflected with Persian.
Just as Turkish folk poetry was intimately bound up with Turkish folk music, so did Ottoman Divan poetry develop a strong connection with Turkish classical music, with the poems of the Divan poets often being taken up to serve as song lyrics.
However, in its themes, Turkish folk literature reflects the problems peculiar to a settled (or settling) people who have abandoned the nomadic lifestyle.
One example of this is the series of folktales surrounding the figure of Keloğlan, a young boy beset with the difficulties of finding a wife, helping his mother to keep the family house intact, and dealing with the problems caused by his neighbors.
Another example is the rather mysterious figure of Nasreddin, a trickster who often plays jokes, of a sort, on his neighbors.
Nasreddin also reflects another significant change that had occurred between the days when the Turkish people were nomadic and the days when they had largely become settled in Anatolia; namely, Nasreddin is a Muslim imam.
The religion henceforth came to exercise an enormous influence on Turkish society and literature, particularly the heavily mystically oriented Sufi and Shi'a varieties of Islam.
The Sufi influence, for instance, can be seen clearly not only in the tales concerning Nasreddin but also in the works of Yunus Emre, a towering figure in Turkish literature and a poet who lived at the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century, probably in the Karamanid state in south-central Anatolia.
Because the Turkish folk literature tradition extends in a more or less unbroken line from about the 10th or 11th century to today, it is perhaps best to consider the tradition from the perspective of genre.
The development of folk poetry in Turkish—which began to emerge in the 13th century with such important writers as Yunus Emre, Sultan Veled, and Şeyyâd Hamza—was given a great boost when, on 13 May 1277, Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey declared Turkish the official state language of Anatolia's powerful Karamanid state; subsequently, many of the tradition's greatest poets would continue to emerge from this region.
), who is widely considered the founder of Alevi/Bektashi literature; and Pir Sultan Abdal (?–1560), whom many consider to be the pinnacle of that literature.
Another popular element of Turkish folklore is the shadow theater centered around the two characters of Karagöz and Hacivat, who both represent stock characters: Karagöz—who hails from a small village—is something of a country bumpkin, while Hacivat is a more sophisticated city-dweller.
Popular legend has it that the two characters are actually based on two real persons who worked either for Osman I—the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty—or for his successor Orhan I, in the construction of a palace or possibly a mosque at Bursa in the early 14th century.
The two workers supposedly spent much of their time entertaining the other workers, and were so funny and popular that they interfered with work on the palace, and were subsequently beheaded.
Moreover, until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not contain any examples of fiction; that is, there were no counterparts to, for instance, the European romance, short story, or novel (though analogous genres did, to some extent, exist in both the Turkish folk tradition and in Divan poetry).
One of the primary characteristics of Divan poetry, however—as of the Persian poetry before it—was its mingling of the mystical Sufi element with a profane and even erotic element.
Divan poetry was composed through the constant juxtaposition of many such images within a strict metrical framework, thus allowing numerous potential meanings to emerge.
The world, as a result, is seen as having both positive aspects (it is a rosegarden, and thus analogous to the garden of Paradise) and negative aspects (it is a rosegarden full of thorns, and thus different from the garden of Paradise).
As for the development of Divan poetry over the more than 500 years of its existence, that is—as the Ottomanist Walter G. Andrews points out—a study still in its infancy; clearly defined movements and periods have not yet been decided upon.
and the Uyghur Ali Şîr Nevâî (1441–1501), both of whom offered strong arguments for the poetic status of the Turkic languages as against the much-venerated Persian.
Partly as a result of such arguments, Divan poetry in its strongest period—from the 16th to the 18th centuries—came to display a unique balance of Persian and Turkish elements, until the Persian influence began to predominate again in the early 19th century.
Although Turkish poets (Ottoman and Chagatay) had been inspired and influenced by classical Persian poetry, it would be a superficial judgment to consider the former as blind imitators of the latter, as is often done.
A limited vocabulary and common technique, and the same world of imagery and subject matter based mainly on Islamic sources, were shared by all poets of Islamic literature.
Attempts to right this situation had begun during the reign of Sultan Selim III, from 1789 to 1807, but were continuously thwarted by the powerful Janissary corps.
These reforms finally came to the empire during the Tanzimat period of 1839–1876, when much of the Ottoman system was reorganized along largely French lines.
Along with reforms to the Ottoman system, serious reforms were also undertaken in the literature, which had become nearly as moribund as the empire itself.
The reforms to the literary language were undertaken because the Ottoman Turkish language was thought by the reformists to have effectively lost its way.
It had become more divorced than ever from its original basis in Turkish, with writers using more and more words and even grammatical structures derived from Persian and Arabic, rather than Turkish.
Meanwhile, however, the Turkish folk literature tradition of Anatolia, away from the capital Constantinople, came to be seen as an ideal.
At the same time as this call—which reveals something of a burgeoning national consciousness—was being made, new literary genres were being introduced into Ottoman literature, primarily the novel and the short story.
However, there had actually been, according to Gonca Gökalp, five other earlier or contemporaneous works of fiction that were clearly distinct from earlier prose traditions in both Divan and folk literature, and that approximate novelistic form.
The introduction of such new genres into Turkish literature can be seen as part of a trend towards Westernization that continues to be felt in Turkey to this day.
Due to historically close ties with France—strengthened during the Crimean War of 1854–1856—it was French literature that came to constitute the major Western influence on Turkish literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century.
This diversity was, in part, due to the Tanzimat writers' wish to disseminate as much of the new literature as possible, in the hopes that it would contribute to a revitalization of Ottoman social structure.
Most of the roots of modern Turkish literature were formed between the years 1896—when the first collective literary movement arose—and 1923, when the Republic of Turkey was officially founded.
The two outstanding figures to emerge from the movement were, in poetry, Ahmed Hâşim (1884–1933), and in prose, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu (1889–1974).
It was during this period that the Persian- and Arabic-inflected Ottoman Turkish language was definitively turned away from as a vehicle for written literature, and that literature began to assert itself as being specifically Turkish, rather than Ottoman.
Some of the more influential writers to come out of this less far-rightist branch of the National Literature movement were the poet Mehmet Emin Yurdakul (1869–1944), the early feminist novelist Halide Edip Adıvar (1884–1964), and the short-story writer and novelist Reşat Nuri Güntekin (1889–1956).
Following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the First World War of 1914–1918, the victorious Entente Powers began the process of carving up the empire's lands and placing them under their own spheres of influence.
In opposition to this process, the military leader Mustafa Kemal (1881–1938), in command of the growing Turkish National Movement whose roots lay partly in the Young Turks, organized the 1919–1923 Turkish War of Independence.
This war ended with the official ending of the Ottoman Empire, the expulsion of the Entente Powers, and the founding of the Republic of Turkey.
The literature of the new republic emerged largely from the pre-independence National Literature movement, with its roots simultaneously in the Turkish folk tradition and in the Western notion of progress.
One important change to Turkish literature was enacted in 1928, when Mustafa Kemal initiated the creation and dissemination of a modified version of the Latin alphabet to replace the Arabic-based Ottoman script.
Stylistically, the prose of the early years of the Republic of Turkey was essentially a continuation of the National Literature movement, with Realism and Naturalism predominating.
The social realist movement is perhaps best represented by the short-story writer Sait Faik Abasıyanık (1906–1954), whose work sensitively and realistically treats the lives of cosmopolitan Istanbul's lower classes and ethnic minorities, subjects which led to some criticism in the contemporary nationalistic atmosphere.
In a very different tradition, but evincing a similar strong political viewpoint, was the satirical short-story writer Aziz Nesin (1915–1995) and Rıfat Ilgaz(1911–1993).
Elif Şafak has been one of the most outstanding authors of Turkish literature which has new tendencies in language and theme in 2000s.
Şafak was distinguished first by her use of extensive vocabulary and then became one of the pioneers in Turkish literature in international scope as a bilingual author who writes both in Turkish and in English.
They show using statistical analysis that, as time passes, words, in terms of both tokens (in text) and types (in vocabulary), have become longer.
They indicate that the increase in word lengths with time can be attributed to the government-initiated language reform of the 20th century.
This reform aimed at replacing foreign words used in Turkish, especially Arabic- and Persian-based words (since they were in majority when the reform was initiated in the early 1930s), with newly coined pure Turkish neologisms created by adding suffixes to Turkish word stems.
Authors such as Ahmed Hâşim and Yahyâ Kemâl Beyatlı (1884–1958) continued to write important formal verse whose language was, to a great extent, a continuation of the late Ottoman tradition.
The first radical step away from this trend was taken by Nâzım Hikmet Ran, who—during his time as a student in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924—was exposed to the modernist poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and others, which inspired him to start writing verse in a less formal style.
Much of Nâzım Hikmet's poetry subsequent to this breakthrough would continue to be written in free verse, though his work exerted little influence for some time due largely to censorship of his work owing to his Communist political stance, which also led to his spending several years in prison.
To this end, and inspired in part by contemporary French poets like Jacques Prévert, they employed not only a variant of the free verse introduced by Nâzım Hikmet, but also highly colloquial language, and wrote primarily about mundane daily subjects and the ordinary man on the street.
The reaction was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly.
Though the movement itself lasted only ten years—until Orhan Veli's death in 1950, after which Melih Cevdet Anday and Oktay Rifat moved on to other styles—its effect on Turkish poetry continues to be felt today.
Just as the Garip movement was a reaction against earlier poetry, so—in the 1950s and afterwards—was there a reaction against the Garip movement.
9 verso 17 Euro (pro pocket book/hardcover) – at an average earning of less than 600 Euro monthly – are rather unattractive, where illegal copies at bazaars cost two-thirds less.
Usually located in the uninhabited area of the spacecraft, the service module is jettisoned upon the completion of the mission, and usually burns up during atmospheric reentry.
An example would be the equipment module on Gemini IX-A, when it was modified to carry the U.S. Air Force-developed astronaut maneuvering unit that would have been tested by astronaut Eugene Cernan, but was cancelled when his spacesuit overheated, causing his visor to fog up.
But the best example would be the final three Apollo missions, in which the J-series service modules included scientific instrument module (SIM) bays that took pictures and other readouts in lunar orbit.
A unique inhabitable variation of the service module concept is the Functional Cargo Block developed for the Soviet TKS Transport Supply Spacecraft.
In addition to full functionality of a service module, it featured a sizeable pressurized cargo bay, and a docking port – as opposed to its conventional location on the front of the re-entry capsule, which in case of the TKS instead possessed its own downscaled service module with de-orbiting thrusters – allowing the FGB to remain docked as an extension of the space station.
Lake Disappointment, or Kumpupintil/Kumpupirntily in the Western Desert Language, is an endorheic salt lake located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.
The lake typically is dry, except during very wet periods such as the 1900 floods and in many recent tropical wet seasons since 1967.
This prohibition extended to flying over the area, since the Ngayurnangalku, ancestral cannibal beings with pointy teeth and clawlike fingernails, are deemed capable of ripping even planes that intrude over the lake's airspace.
Timothy John Evans (20 November 1924 – 9 March 1950) was a Welshman falsely convicted and hanged for the murder of his wife and infant daughter at their residence at 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill, London.
During his trial, Evans had accused his downstairs neighbour, John Christie, who was the chief prosecutor’s witness, of committing the murders.
Three years after Evans' execution, Christie was found to be a serial killer who had murdered six other women in the same house, including his own wife.
Along with those of Derek Bentley and Ruth Ellis, the case played a major part in the abolition of capital punishment in the United Kingdom for murder in 1965.
Following an accident when he was eight, Evans developed a tubercular verruca on his right foot that never completely healed and caused him to miss considerable amounts of time from school for treatments, further setting back his education.
As a result, when he reached adulthood Evans possessed low literacy skills, often needing others to read lengthy documents to him, although he did possess some ability in being able to read simple passages such as in comics, newspaper football reports and on his wages and receipts.
He was also prone to inventing stories about himself to boost his self-esteem, a trait that continued into adulthood and interfered with his efforts to establish credibility when dealing with the police and courts.
In 1935, his mother and her second husband moved to London, and Evans worked as a painter and decorator while attending school.
He returned to Merthyr Tydfil in 1937 and briefly worked in the coal mines but had to resign because of continuing problems with his foot.
In 1939, he returned to London to live again with his mother, and in 1946 they moved to St Mark's Road, Notting Hill.
Evans was fined 60 shillings at West London Magistrates court on 25 April 1946 for stealing a car, and driving without insurance or a licence.
On 20 September 1947, Evans married Beryl Susanna Thorley, whom he had met through a friend in January 1947 who had encouraged the pair to meet on a blind date.
The couple initially lived with Evans's family at St Mark's Road but in early 1948 Beryl discovered she was pregnant and they decided they would find their own place to live with their child.
On Easter Monday 1948, the couple moved into the top-floor flat at 10 Rillington Place in the Ladbroke Grove area of Notting Hill.
Their neighbours in the ground-floor flat were John Christie, a post office clerk and former Special Constable, and his wife, Ethel Christie.
Unknown to Evans, Christie was also a serial killer who had already killed two women at the property prior to the Evanses' arrival and had buried their bodies in the backyard garden.
Their marriage was characterised by angry quarrels; Beryl was a poor housekeeper and incapable of managing the family's finances, while Timothy misspent his wages on alcohol, and his heavy drinking at the time exacerbated his already short temper.
The arguments between Timothy and Beryl were loud enough to be heard by the neighbours and physical violence between them was witnessed on several occasions.
Several weeks later, on 30 November 1949, Evans informed police at Merthyr Tydfil that his wife had died in unusual circumstances.
His first confession was that he had accidentally killed her by giving her something in a bottle that a man had given him to abort the foetus; he had then disposed of her body in a sewer drain outside 10 Rillington Place.
When police examined the drain outside the front of the building, however, they found nothing and, furthermore, discovered that the manhole cover required the combined strength of three officers to remove it.
Evans stated that he had left Christie out of his first statement in order to protect him (abortion being illegal in the UK at this time).
On 8 November, Evans had returned home from work to be informed by Christie that the abortion had not worked and that Beryl was dead.
Christie had said that he would dispose of the body and would make arrangements for a couple from East Acton to look after Geraldine.
Evans said he later returned to 10 Rillington Place to ask about Geraldine, but Christie had refused to let him see her.
In response to Evans's second statement, the police performed a preliminary search of 10 Rillington Place but did not uncover anything incriminating, despite the presence of a human thigh bone supporting a fence post in the tiny garden (about long by wide).
On a more thorough search on 2 December, the police found the body of Beryl Evans, wrapped in a tablecloth in the wash-house in the back garden.
Significantly, the body of Geraldine was also found alongside Beryl's body — Evans had not mentioned he had killed his daughter in either of his statements.
Although they examined the garden, the police did not find traces of the skeletal remains of two prior victims of Christie, despite their shallow burial.
Christie actually removed the skull of Miss Eady when his dog dug it up from the garden around this time, and he disposed of it in a bombed-out building nearby.
This vital clue was ignored when the skull was then discovered by children playing in the ruins and handed in to police.
When Evans was shown the clothing taken from the bodies of his wife and child, he was also informed that both had been strangled.
This was, according to Evans's statement, the first occasion in which he was informed that his baby daughter had been killed.
He then apparently confessed to having strangled Beryl during an argument over debts and strangling Geraldine two days later, after which he left for Wales.
This confession, along with other contradictory statements Evans made during the police interrogation, has been cited as proof of his guilt.
Several authors who have written about the case have argued that the police provided Evans with all the necessary details for him to make a plausible confession, which they may have in turn edited further while transcribing it.
Furthermore, the police interrogated Evans over the course of late evening and early morning hours to his physical and emotional detriment, a man already in a highly emotional state.
Evans later stated in court that he thought he would be subjected to violence by the police if he didn't confess, and this fear along with the shock of discovering that both his wife and daughter had been strangled, likely induced him to make a false confession.
He did not know what was happening other than his wife's body had not been found in the drain as expected.
At Notting Hill police station, he was shown his wife's and daughter's clothing, and the ligature which had been used to strangle his daughter.
This book cites Kennedy as a source for the conclusion that Evans felt tremendous guilt over not doing more to prevent the deaths of his wife and daughter, and particularly that his daughter's murder must have been a tremendous shock.
In accordance with legal practice at the time, the prosecution proceeded only with the single charge of murder, that concerning Geraldine.
Beryl's murder, with which Evans was still formally charged, was not formally before the court, though evidence that he had murdered Beryl was used with the aim of establishing Evans's guilt of the murder of Geraldine.
He withdrew his confession during consultations with his solicitor and alleged that Christie was responsible for the murders in accordance with his second statement given to the police at Merthyr Tydfil.
Christie denied that he had offered to abort Beryl's unborn child and gave detailed evidence about the quarrels between Evans and his wife.
The defence also could not find a motive for which a respected person like Christie would murder two people, whereas the prosecution could use the explanation in Evans's confessions as Evans's motive.
Had the police conducted a thorough search of the garden and found the bones of two previous victims of Christie, the trial of Evans might not have occurred at all.
After a failed appeal held before the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Goddard, Mr Justice Sellers and Mr Justice Humphreys on 20 February, Evans was hanged on 9 March 1950 by Albert Pierrepoint, assisted by Syd Dernley at Pentonville Prison.
During interviews with police and psychiatrists prior to his execution, Christie admitted several times that he had been responsible for the murder of Beryl Evans.
If these confessions were true, Evans's second statement detailing Christie's offer to abort Beryl's baby is likely to be the true version of events that took place at Rillington Place on 8 November 1949.
Ludovic Kennedy provided one possible reconstruction of how the murder took place, surmising that an unsuspecting Beryl let Christie into her flat, expecting the abortion to be carried out, but was instead attacked and then strangled.
Christie claimed to have possibly engaged in sexual intercourse with Beryl's body after her death (he claimed to be unable to remember the precise details) but her post-mortem had failed to uncover evidence of sexual intercourse.
He instead claimed to have strangled her while being intimate with her, or that she had wanted to commit suicide and he helped her do so.
One important fact was not brought up in Evans's trial: two workmen were willing to testify that there were no bodies in the wash-house when they worked there several days after Evans supposedly hid them.
They stored their tools in the wash-room (a small outhouse measuring ) and cleaned it out completely when they finished their work on 11 November.
Their evidence in itself would have raised doubts about the veracity of Evans's alleged confessions, but the workmen were not called to give evidence.
Indeed, the police re-interviewed the workmen and forced them to change their evidence to fit the preconceived idea that Evans was the sole murderer.
The murderer, Christie, would have hidden the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine in the temporarily vacant first-floor flat, and then moved them to the wash-house four days later when the workmen had finished.
Three years later, Christie vacated his premises at 10 Rillington Place and the landlord allowed an upstairs tenant, Beresford Brown, to use Christie's kitchen.
Brown found the bodies of three women (Kathleen Maloney, Rita Nelson and Hectorina Maclennan) hidden in a papered-over kitchen pantry, a recess immediately next to the wash-house where Beryl and Geraldine Evans had been found.
A further search of the building and grounds turned up three more bodies: Christie's wife, Ethel, under the floorboards of the front room; Ruth Fuerst, an Austrian nurse and munitions worker; and Muriel Eady, a former colleague of Christie, who were both buried in the right-hand side of the small back garden of the building.
Christie had even used one of their thigh bones to prop up a trellis in the garden, which the police had missed in their earlier searches of the property.
Christie was arrested on 31 March 1953, on the Embankment near Putney Bridge and during the course of interrogation confessed four separate times to killing Beryl Evans.
He confessed to murdering Fuerst and Eady, saying he had stored their bodies in the wash-room before burying them in shallow graves in the garden.
It was in the same wash-room that the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine Evans had been found during the investigation into their murders.
Christie was found guilty of murdering his wife and was hanged on 15 July 1953 by Albert Pierrepoint, the same hangman who had executed Evans three years prior.
Because Christie's crimes raised doubts about Evans's guilt in the murders of his wife and daughter, the serving Home Secretary, David Maxwell-Fyfe, commissioned an inquiry to investigate the possibility of a miscarriage of justice.
The inquiry ran for one week and its findings upheld Evans's guilt in both murders with the explanation that Christie's confessions of murdering Beryl Evans were unreliable because they were made in the context of supporting his defence that he was insane.
The inquiry ignored vital evidence and led to more questions in Parliament, especially from Geoffrey Bing, Reginald Paget, Sydney Silverman, Michael Foot and many other MPs.
The controversy was to continue until it led eventually to the exculpation of Evans and a declaration of his innocence of the murder of both his wife and his daughter.
When Christie was later the subject of the Scott Henderson Inquiry, questions drafted by a solicitor representing Evans's mother were deemed not relevant and Scott Henderson retained the right of deciding if they could be asked.
The result of a prolonged campaign was that the Home Secretary, Sir Frank Soskice, ordered a new inquiry chaired by High Court judge Sir Daniel Brabin in 1965–66.
This was contrary to the prosecution case in Evans's trial, which held that both murders had been committed by the same person as a single act.
The victims' bodies had been found together in the same location and had been murdered in the same way by strangulation.
Brabin went to great lengths to prefer police evidence wherever possible and exonerate them of any police misconduct, and he did not address the allegations made by Kennedy about the validity of several of the confessions allegedly made by Evans.
The enquiry did little to settle the many issues which arose from the case, but, by exonerating Evans of killing his child, was crucial in subsequent events.
Since Evans had only been convicted of the murder of his daughter, Roy Jenkins, Soskice's successor as Home Secretary, recommended a royal pardon for Evans, which was granted in October 1966.
In 1965 Evans's remains were exhumed from Pentonville Prison and reburied in St Patrick's Roman Catholic Cemetery in Leytonstone, Greater London.
Lord Brennan believed that the Brabin Report's conclusion that Evans probably murdered his wife should be rejected given Christie's confessions and conviction.
On 16 November 2004, Westlake began an application for judicial review in the High Court, challenging a decision by the Criminal Cases Review Commission not to refer Evans's case to the Court of Appeal to have his conviction formally quashed.
She argued that Evans's pardon had not formally expunged his conviction of murdering his daughter, and although the Brabin report had concluded that Evans probably did not kill his daughter, it had not declared him innocent.
The request to refer the case was dismissed on 19 November 2004, with the judges saying that the cost and resources of quashing the conviction could not be justified, although they did accept that Evans did not murder either his wife or his child.
Coleman was born Seymour Kaufman in New York, United States to Eastern European Jewish parents, and was raised in the Bronx.
He was a child prodigy who gave piano recitals at venues such as Steinway Hall, the Town Hall, and Carnegie Hall between the ages of six and nine.
Before beginning his fabled Broadway career, he led the Cy Coleman Trio, which made many recordings and was a much-in-demand club attraction.
His first collaborator was Joseph Allen McCarthy, but his most successful early partnership, albeit a turbulent one, was with Carolyn Leigh.
In the latter, inspired by the hard-boiled detective film noir of the 1930s and 1940s, he returned to his jazz roots, and the show was a huge critical and commercial success.
Dirk Decloedt and Maurice Hines were announced as director and choreographer with an anticipated opening in Spring 2006 but it never opened.
Coleman studied at New York's The High School of Music & Art and the New York College of Music, graduating in 1948.
Among his many honors and awards, he was elected to the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1981), and was the recipient of the Songwriter's Hall of Fame Johnny Mercer Award (1995) and the ASCAP Foundation Richard Rodgers Award for lifetime achievement in American musical theatre.
Nicholas Rescher (; ; born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher, polymath, and author, teaching at the University of Pittsburgh.
He is the Chairman of the Center for Philosophy of Science and has formerly served as Chairman of the Philosophy Department.
Rescher has served as president for the American Catholic Philosophical Association, Leibniz Society of North America, American Metaphysical Society, American Philosophical Association, and Charles S. Peirce Society.
Thereafter, he attended Princeton University, graduating with his Ph.D. in Philosophy in 1951 at the age of 22, the youngest person ever to have obtained a Ph.D. in that department.
From 1952 to 1954, he served a term in the United States Marine Corps, following which from 1954 to 1957 he worked for the Rand Corporation's mathematics division.
He joined the philosophy department at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961, becoming the first associate director of its new Center for Philosophy of Science the following year.
In July 1988, Rescher changed roles at the Center for Philosophy of Science, resigning as its director and becoming its chairman.
An honorary member of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he has been elected to membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain, the Academia Europaea, the Royal Society of Canada, and the Institut International de Philosophie, among others.
Rescher is a prolific writer, with over 100 books and 400 articles, generating the jest that Rescher is not a single person, but a committee sharing the name.
Rescher has described his own approach to philosophy as synthesizing the idealism of Germany and Great Britain with the pragmatism of the U.S.
The elaboration of this project represents a many-sided approach to fundamental philosophical issues that weaves together threads of thought from the philosophy of science, and from continental idealism and American pragmatism.
In the mid and late 1960s, his studies were focused on medieval Arabic logic, but he soon broadened his areas of inquiry in metaphysics and epistemology, moving towards the methodological pragmatism he would define.
In the 1970s, he began working more extensively with American pragmatism with a focus on the writings of C. S. Peirce, who was to number among his major influences.
Rescher is also responsible for two further items of historical rediscovery and reconstruction: the model of cosmic evolution in Anaximander, and the medieval Islamic theory of modal syllogistic.
In 2011, his contributions as a German-American to philosophy were recognized with the premier cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Founder's Medal of the American Metaphysical Society (2016), and the Helmholtz Medal of the German Academy of Sciences Berlin-Brandenburg.
Having held visiting lectureships at Oxford, Konstanz, Salamanca, Munich, and Marburg, he has been awarded fellowships by the Ford, Guggenheim, and National Science Foundations.
In 2010, the University of Pittsburgh created the Dr. Nicholas Rescher Fund for the Advancement of the Department of Philosophy which bestows the Nicholas Rescher Prize for Contributions to Systematic Philosophy.
When the American Philosophical Association inaugurated its own Rescher Prize for Systematic Philosophy in 2018, the University of Pittsburgh redesignated its award as the Rescher Medal.
Such an application may be used by administrators to verify security policies of their networks and by attackers to identify network services running on a host and exploit vulnerabilities.
A port scan or portscan is a process that sends client requests to a range of server port addresses on a host, with the goal of finding an active port; this is not a nefarious process in and of itself.
The majority of uses of a port scan are not attacks, but rather simple probes to determine services available on a remote machine.
The latter is typically used to search for a specific service, for example, an SQL-based computer worm may portsweep looking for hosts listening on TCP port 1433.
Some port scanners scan only the most common port numbers, or ports most commonly associated with vulnerable services, on a given host.
All forms of port scanning rely on the assumption that the targeted host is compliant with RFC 793 - Transmission Control Protocol.
Although this is the case most of the time, there is still a chance a host might send back strange packets or even generate false positives when the TCP/IP stack of the host is non-RFC-compliant or has been altered.
The TCP/IP stack fingerprinting method also relies on these types of different network responses from a specific stimulus to guess the type of the operating system the host is running.
The simplest port scanners use the operating system's network functions and are generally the next option to go to when SYN is not a feasible option (described next).
If a port is open, the operating system completes the TCP three-way handshake, and the port scanner immediately closes the connection to avoid performing a Denial-of-service attack.
The use of raw networking has several advantages, giving the scanner full control of the packets sent and the timeout for responses, and allowing detailed reporting of the responses.
However, if a UDP packet is sent to a port that is not open, the system will respond with an ICMP port unreachable message.
Most UDP port scanners use this scanning method, and use the absence of a response to infer that a port is open.
Some tools (e.g., nmap) generally have probes for less than 20 UDP services, while some commercial tools have as many as 70.
In some cases, a service may be listening on the port, but configured not to respond to the particular probe packet.
ACK scanning is one of the more unusual scan types, as it does not exactly determine whether the port is open or closed, but whether the port is filtered or unfiltered.
Simple packet filtering will allow established connections (packets with the ACK bit set), whereas a more sophisticated stateful firewall might not.
Rarely used because of its outdated nature, window scanning is fairly untrustworthy in determining whether a port is opened or closed.
It generates the same packet as an ACK scan, but checks whether the window field of the packet has been modified.
When the packet reaches its destination, a design flaw attempts to create a window size for the packet if the port is open, flagging the window field of the packet with 1's before it returns to the sender.
Using this scanning technique with systems that no longer support this implementation returns 0's for the window field, labeling open ports as closed.
Since SYN scans are not surreptitious enough, firewalls are, in general, scanning for and blocking packets in the form of SYN packets.
For example, if an ISP provides a transparent HTTP proxy on port 80, port scans of any address will appear to have port 80 open, regardless of the target host's actual configuration.
The information gathered by a port scan has many legitimate uses including network inventory and the verification of the security of a network.
Many exploits rely upon port scans to find open ports and send specific data patterns in an attempt to trigger a condition known as a buffer overflow.
Such behavior can compromise the security of a network and the computers therein, resulting in the loss or exposure of sensitive information and the ability to do work.
The threat level caused by a port scan can vary greatly according to the method used to scan, the kind of port scanned, its number, the value of the targeted host and the administrator who monitors the host.
But a port scan is often viewed as a first step for an attack, and is therefore taken seriously because it can disclose much sensitive information about the host.
Because of the inherently open and decentralized architecture of the Internet, lawmakers have struggled since its creation to define legal boundaries that permit effective prosecution of cybercriminals.
Germany, with the Strafgesetzbuch § 202a,b,c also has a similar law, and the Council of the European Union has issued a press release stating they plan to pass a similar one too, albeit more precise.
Śrāvakayāna is the path that meets the goals of an Arhat—an individual who achieves liberation as a result of listening to the teachings (or lineage) of a Samyaksaṃbuddha.
These people are described as having weak faculties, following the Śrāvaka Dharma, utilizing the Śrāvaka Piṭaka, being set on their own liberation, and cultivating detachment in order to attain liberation.
Victoria Land is a region of Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau.
The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
The region includes ranges of the Transantarctic Mountains and the McMurdo Dry Valleys (the highest point being Mount Abbott in the Northern Foothills), and the flatlands known as the Labyrinth.
The two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5D, alternatively three-quarter and pseudo-3D) perspective is either 2D graphical projections and similar techniques used to cause images or scenes to simulate the appearance of being three-dimensional (3D) when in fact they are not, or gameplay in an otherwise three-dimensional video game that is restricted to a two-dimensional plane with a limited access to the third dimension.
Common in video games, these projections have also been useful in geographic visualization (GVIS) to help understand visual-cognitive spatial representations or 3D visualization.
In axonometric projection and oblique projection, two forms of parallel projection, the viewpoint is rotated slightly to reveal other facets of the environment than what are visible in a top-down perspective or side view, thereby producing a three-dimensional effect.
Lines perpendicular to the plane become points, lines parallel to the plane have true length, and lines inclined to the plane are foreshortened.
They are popular camera perspectives among 2D video games, most commonly those released for 16-bit or earlier and handheld consoles, as well as in later strategy and role-playing video games.
The advantage of these perspectives are that they combine the visibility and mobility of a top-down game with the character recognizability of a side-scrolling game.
In video games, a form of dimetric projection with a 2:1 pixel ratio is more common due to the problems of anti-aliasing and square pixels found on most computer monitors.
One tell-tale sign of oblique projection is that the face pointed toward the camera retains its right angles with respect to the image plane.
In three-dimensional scenes, the term billboarding is applied to a technique in which objects are sometimes represented by two-dimensional images applied to a single polygon which is typically kept perpendicular to the line of sight.
This technique was commonly used in early 1990s video games when consoles did not have the hardware power to render fully 3D objects.
This can be used to good effect for a significant performance boost when the geometry is sufficiently distant that it can be seamlessly replaced with a 2D sprite.
Skyboxes and skydomes are methods used to easily create a background to make a game level look bigger than it really is.
If the level is enclosed in a cube, the sky, distant mountains, distant buildings, and other unreachable objects are rendered onto the cube's faces using a technique called cube mapping, thus creating the illusion of distant three-dimensional surroundings.
As a viewer moves through a 3D scene, it is common for the skybox or skydome to remain stationary with respect to the viewer.
This technique gives the skybox the illusion of being very far away since other objects in the scene appear to move, while the skybox does not.
This imitates real life, where distant objects such as clouds, stars and even mountains appear to be stationary when the viewpoint is displaced by relatively small distances.
This consequence of skyboxes dictates that designers should be careful not to carelessly include images of discrete objects in the textures of a skybox since the viewer may be able to perceive the inconsistencies of those objects' sizes as the scene is traversed.
In some games, sprites are scaled larger or smaller depending on its distance to the player, producing the illusion of motion along the Z (forward) axis.
The palms on the left and right side of the street are the same bitmap, but have been scaled to different sizes, creating the illusion that some are closer than others.
The position and size of any billboard is generated by a (complete 3D) perspective transformation as are the vertices of the poly-line representing the center of the street.
Often the center of the street is stored as a spline and sampled in a way that on straight streets every sampling point corresponds to one scan-line on the screen.
However, some objects (including the buildings and the tunnels) in the mobile phone versions of Asphalt series (except the first one) were polygonal (which are non-textured and mostly flat shaded).
However, both of these versions for the three Asphalt games are only available on some phones that are made by Sony Ericsson and they're both memory intensive and therefore it is quite slow.
Parallaxing refers to when a collection of 2D sprites or layers of sprites are made to move independently of each other and/or the background to create a sense of added depth.
Mode 7, a display system effect that included rotation and scaling, allowed for a 3D effect while moving in any direction without any actual 3D models, and was used to simulate 3D graphics on the SNES.
Ray casting is a technique in which a ray for every vertical slice of the screen is sent from the position of the camera.
These rays shoot out until they hit an object or wall, and that part of the wall is rendered in that vertical screen slice.
Bump mapping, normal mapping and parallax mapping are techniques applied to textures in 3D rendering applications such as video games to simulate bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object without using more polygons.
To the end user, this means that textures such as stone walls will have more apparent depth and thus greater realism with less of an influence on the performance of the simulation.
Bump mapping is achieved by perturbing the surface normals of an object and using a grayscale image and the perturbed normal during illumination calculations.
The result is an apparently bumpy surface rather than a perfectly smooth surface although the surface of the underlying object is not actually changed.
In normal mapping, the unit vector from the shading point to the light source is dotted with the unit vector normal to that surface, and the dot product is the intensity of the light on that surface.
These spatial dimensions are relative to a constant coordinate system for object-space normal maps, or to a smoothly varying coordinate system (based on the derivatives of position with respect to texture coordinates) in the case of tangent-space normal maps.
Parallax mapping (also called offset mapping or virtual displacement mapping) is an enhancement of the bump mapping and normal mapping techniques implemented by displacing the texture coordinates at a point on the rendered polygon by a function of the view angle in tangent space (the angle relative to the surface normal) and the value of the height map at that point.
At steeper view-angles, the texture coordinates are displaced more, giving the illusion of depth due to parallax effects as the view changes.
The term also refers to an often-used effect in the design of icons and graphical user interfaces (GUIs), where a slight 3D illusion is created by the presence of a virtual light source to the left (or in some cases right) side, and above a person's computer monitor.
The light source itself is always invisible, but its effects are seen in the lighter colors for the top and left side, simulating reflection, and the darker colours to the right and below of such objects, simulating shadow.
The idea is that the program's canvas represents a normal 2D painting surface, but that the data structure that holds the pixel information is also able to store information with respect to a z-index, as well material settings, specularity, etc.
The first video games that used pseudo-3D were primarily arcade games, the earliest known examples dating back to the mid-1970s, when they began using microprocessors.
Both versions of the game displayed a constantly changing forward-scrolling road and the player's bike in a third-person perspective where objects nearer to the player are larger than those nearer to the horizon, and the aim was to steer the vehicle across the road, racing against the clock, while avoiding any on-coming motorcycles or driving off the road.
In this particular example, the effect was produced by linescroll—the practice of scrolling each line independently in order to warp an image.
To make the road appear to move towards the player, per-line color changes were used, though many console versions opted for palette animation instead.
Though Zaxxon's playing field is semantically 3D, the game has many constraints which classify it as 2.5D: a fixed point of view, scene composition from sprites, and movements such as bullet shots restricted to straight lines along the axes.
Its television sports style of display was later adopted by 3D sports games and is now used by virtually all major team sports titles.
2.5D was also used in terrain modeling with software packages such as ISM from Dynamic Graphics, GEOPAK from Uniras and the Intergraph DTM system.
2.5D surface techniques gained popularity within the geography community because of its ability to visualize the normal thickness to area ratio used in many geographic models; this ratio was very small and reflected the thinness of the object in relation to its width, which made it the object realistic in a specific plane.
These representations were axiomatic in that the entire subsurface domain was not used or the entire domain could not be reconstructed; therefore, it used only a surface and a surface is one aspect not the full 3D identity.
The resurgence of 2.5D or visual analysis, in natural and earth science, has increased the role of computer systems in the creation of spatial information in mapping.
GVIS has made real the search for unknowns, real-time interaction with spatial data, and control over map display and has paid particular attention to three-dimensional representations.
Much like 2.5D displays where the surface of a three-dimensional object is represented but locations within the solid are distorted or not accessible.
One of these tricks is to stretch a bitmap more and more, therefore making it larger with each step, as to give the effect of an object coming closer and closer towards the player.
If the light in a 2D game were 2D, it would only be visible on the outline, and because outlines are often dark, they would not be very clearly visible.
Changing the size of an image can cause the image to appear to be moving closer or further away, which could be considered simulating a third dimension.
The main components of its diet are insects and fruits, but it may also eat small rodents, lizards, and bird eggs.
The Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant with a single Westinghouse designed pressurized-water nuclear reactor operated by Duke Energy.
It was named in honor of W. Shearon Harris, former president of Carolina Power & Light (predecessor of Progress Energy Inc.).
Located in New Hill, North Carolina, in the United States, about 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Raleigh, it generates 900 MWe, has a 523-foot (160 m) natural draft cooling tower, and uses Harris Lake for cooling.
The Shearon Harris site was originally designed for four reactors, but cost and weakening demand despite a growing population resulted in three of the reactors being canceled.
On November 16, 2006, the operator applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a renewal and extension of the plant's operating license.
On February 19, 2008 Progress filed an application with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a Combined Construction and Operating License (COL).
Expansion of the plant would require raising the water level of Harris Lake by 20 feet, decreasing the size of Wake County's largest park, with the Cape Fear River as a backup water source.
On January 22, 2010 officials at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced the electrical generator from the damaged Unit 2 reactor at Three Mile Island would be used at Shearon Harris.
On May 2, 2013, Duke submitted a request to the NRC to suspend review of the Harris Units 2 and 3 Combined License Application (COLA), effectively halting further development of this project.
Duke has determined the forecast operating dates of the proposed reactors falls outside the fifteen-year planning horizon utilized by state regulators in their demonstration of need evaluation.
As of September 2017, the Harris plant is one of three out of the 99 plants in the country to have no Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) findings during the past 4 quarters of inspections.
The NRC's risk estimate for an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Shearon Harris was 1 in 434,783, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of , concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about , concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.
The 2010 U.S. population within of Shearon Harris was 96,401, an increase of 62.6 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com.
Cities within 50 miles include Raleigh (21 miles to city center), Durham (24 miles to city center), Fayetteville (39 miles to city center).
During FEMA's most recent evaluation of state and local government's plans and preparedness included emergency operations for the plant, no deficiencies or areas requiring corrective actions were identified.
However, the plant's technical and security systems have passed all Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) standards , including protection and security, and no worker or area resident has been injured as a result of the plant's operation.
Congressman David Price of North Carolina sent the NRC a report by scientists at MIT and Princeton that pinpointed the waste pools as the biggest risk at the plant.
In August 2007, NC WARN dropped a lawsuit against Progress Energy that was intended to delay or prevent expansion of Shearon Harris, claiming that continuing the legal battle would cost at least $200,000.
The flaw was near the nozzle for a control rod drive mechanism and attributed to primary water stress corrosion cracking, though no actual leakage was detected.
Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington, (21 August 1885 – 4 January 1972), styled Lord Gerald Wellesley between 1900 and 1943, was an Anglo-Irish diplomat, soldier, and architect.
Wellesley was the third son of Lord Arthur Wellesley (later 4th Duke of Wellington) and Lady Arthur Wellesley (later Duchess of Wellington, née Kathleen Bulkeley Williams).
He held the office of Third Secretary of the Diplomatic Service between 1910–17, and the office of Second Secretary of the Diplomatic Service between 1917–19.
He was invested as a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1921, and as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1935, and was Surveyor of the King's Works of Art, 1936–43.
His nephew's other title, Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, passed to Henry's sister (his niece) Lady Anne Rhys, before she ceded it to him in 1949.
Working with Trenwith Wills, Wellesley also remodeled Castle Hill, Filleigh, in Devon; Hinton Ampner in Hampshire; and Biddick Hall in County Durham and St Mary and St George Church in High Wycombe.. Wellesley also designed the Faringdon Folly tower for Lord Berners and built Portland House in Weymouth in 1935.
Wellesley was bisexual or homosexual, but married Dorothy Violet Ashton (30 July 1889 – 11 July 1956) on 30 April 1914.
She was the daughter of Robert Ashton of Croughton, Cheshire (a second cousin of the 1st Baron Ashton of Hyde) heirs of a cotton manufacturing family and (Lucy) Cecilia Dunn-Gardner, later Countess of Scarbrough.
After his wife's death in 1956, Wellesley reportedly wished to marry his widowed sister-in-law, Lady Serena James, but she did not wish to leave her marital home.
The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a row of largely snow-free valleys in Antarctica, located within Victoria Land west of McMurdo Sound.
The region is one of the world's most extreme deserts, and includes many features including Lake Vida, a saline lake, and the Onyx River, a meltwater stream and Antarctica's longest river.
Although no living organisms have been found in the permafrost here, endolithic photosynthetic bacteria have been found living in the relatively moist interior of rocks and anaerobic bacteria, with a metabolism based on iron and sulfur, live under the Taylor Glacier.
They are also dry because, in this location, the mountains are sufficiently high that they block seaward flowing ice from the East Antarctic ice sheet from reaching the Ross Sea.
The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys are caused, in part, by katabatic winds; these occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill by the force of gravity.
Basement rocks include the Late Precambrian or Early Palaeozoic Skelton Group metamorphic rocks, primarily the Asgard Formation, which is a medium-high-grade marble and calc-schist.
The Palaeozoic Granite Harbour intrusives include granitoid plutons and dykes, which intruded into the metasedimentary Skelton Group in the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician during the Ross orogeny.
The McMurdo Volcanic Group intrudes, or is interbedded with, the Taylor and Wright Valleys' moraines as basaltaic cinder cones and lava flows.
The Dry Valley Drilling Project (1971-5) determined the Pleistocene layer within the Taylor Valley was between 137 and 275 m thick, and composed of interbedded sandstones, pebble conglomerates, and laminated silty mudstones.
Endolithic bacteria have been found living in the Dry Valleys, sheltered from the dry air in the relatively moist interior of rocks.
Scientists consider the Dry Valleys perhaps the closest of any terrestrial environment to the planet Mars, and thus an important source of insights into possible extraterrestrial life.
It was previously thought that the algae was staining red the ice emerging at Blood Falls but it is now known that the staining is caused by high levels of iron oxide.
Canadian and American researchers conducted a field expedition in 2013 to University Valley in order to examine the microbial population and to test a drill designed for sampling on Mars in the permafrost of the driest parts of the valleys, the areas most analogous to the Martian surface.
They found no living organisms in the permafrost, the first location on the planet visited by humans with no active microbial life.
Some of the lakes of the Dry Valleys rank among the world's most saline lakes, with a higher salinity than Lake Assal (Djibouti) or the Dead Sea.
In 1935 a Russian historian of heraldry, Lukomsky, advanced the hypothesis that his printer's mark resembled the Szreniawa coat of arms of the Rahoza szlachta family, and that Fyodorov had a connection with that family either by descent or by adoption.
No subsequent researchers have accepted that theory other than Nemirovsky (2002), who agreed only with the possibility of adoption but not with the theory of Fyodorov's descent from the szlachta.
This technical innovation created competition for the Muscovite scribes, who began to persecute Fyodorov and Mstislavets, finally forcing them to flee to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania after their printing workshop had been burned down (an alleged arson, as related by Giles Fletcher in 1591).
He moved to Lviv in 1572 and resumed his work as a printer the following year at the Saint Onuphrius Monastery.
In 1574 Fyodorov, with the help of his son and Hryn Ivanovych of Zabłudów published the second edition of the Apostolos (previously published by him in Moscow), with an autobiographical epilogue, and an Azbuka (Alphabet book).
In 1575 Fyodorov, now in the service of Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, was placed in charge of the Derman Monastery near Dubno; in 1577–9 he established the Ostrog Press, where, in 1581, he published the Ostrog Bible in Church Slavonic - the first full version of the Bible printed in moveable type, as well as a number of other books.
Fyodorov returned to Lviv after a quarrel with Prince Konstantyn Ostrogski, but his attempt to reopen his printing shop was unsuccessful.
He then returned to Lviv, where he died on December 16, 1583; he was buried there on the grounds of the Saint Onuphrius Monastery.
Moscow, published in 1563 by 17/IV 1/III 1564, 6 unnumbered leaves + 262 numbered (hereinafter refers to numbering in Cyrillic letters), format pages, at least 285 x 193 mm, printed in two colors, circulation about 1,000, preserved in at least 47 copies.
Moscow, two copies (7/VIII - 29/IX and 2/IX - 29 / X 1565), 173 (in the second edition of 172) unnumbered letter, format, no less than 166 x 118 mm, printed in two colours, preserved at least 7 copies.
Zabłudów [3], 8/VII 1568-17/III 1569, 8 unnumbered + 399 numbered pages, the format of at least 310 x 194 mm, printed in two colours, preserved at least 31 copies.
Zabłudów, 26/IX 1569-23/III 1570, 18 unnumbered sheets + 284 sheets + 75 first account leaves the second account, the format (for cutting hard copies) at least 168 x 130 mm, printed in two colors.
Lviv, 25/II 1573-15/II 1574, 15 unnumbered + 264 numbered lists, the format of at least 300 x 195 mm, printed in two colours, edition 1000-1200, preserved at least 70 copies.
Lviv, 1574, 40 unnumbered leaves, band set 127,5 x 63 mm, two colour printing, circulation was probably 2000, but has only a single copy is known to have survived (stored in the library of Harvard University).
Ostrog, 1578, 8 unnumbered leaves, band set 127,5 x 64 mm, printing in one colour, for the first time set in two columns (parallel Greek text and Slavonic), only one in existence (stored in the State Library of Gotha, East Germany).
This copy is bound with a copy of the Primer of 1578 (see below), because of what is often considered one of their books, which are referred to as ABC Ostrog in 1578.
Ostrog, 1578, 48 unnumbered leaves, band set 127,5 x 63 mm, printing in one colour, circulation was more, but only two incomplete specimens exist (the one already mentioned, the other kept in the Royal Library of Copenhagen).
Ostrog, 1580, 4 unnumbered + 480 numbered sheets, the format of at least 152 x 87 mm, printed in two colours, the circulation of information available, preserved at least 47 copies.
Ostrog, 1580, 1 unnumbered + 52 numbered sheets, band set 122 x 55 mm, printing in one colour, preserved in at least 13 copies (clearly printed and issued separately as a special edition).
8 unnumbered + 276 + 180 + 30 + 56 + 78 numbered lists five bills, the format of at least 309 x 202 mm, set in two columns, including some in Greek, mainly printing in one colour (vermilion only on the title).
Typically, the ride will be of wooden construction and, in the case of fairground versions, designed to be disassembled to facilitate transportation between sites.
The ride inspired the Beatles song of the same name, which was interpreted by cult leader Charles Manson as a message predicting inter-racial war in the US.
Lake Vida is a hypersaline lake in Victoria Valley, the northernmost of the large McMurdo Dry Valleys, on the continent of Antarctica.
It came to public attention in 2002 when microbes frozen in its ice cover for more than 2,800 years were successfully thawed and reanimated.
The permanent surface ice on the lake is the thickest non-glacial ice on earth, reaching a depth of at least .
The ice cap has sealed the saline brine from external air and water for thousands of years creating a time capsule for ancient DNA.
The lake gained widespread recognition in December 2002 when a research team, led by the University of Illinois at Chicago's Peter Doran, announced the discovery of 2,800‑year‑old halophile microbes (primarily filamentous cyanobacteria) preserved in ice layer core samples drilled in 1996.
Due to this discovery and the freezing mechanisms forming Lake Vida's ice-seal, Lake Vida is now noted as a location for research into Earth's climate and life under extreme conditions, specifically the fauna that could have existed on Mars.
A 2010 field campaign, funded by the National Science Foundation through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, to investigate the microbiology and geochemistry of Lake Vida.
Led by Peter Doran and Alison Murray from Nevada's Desert Research Institute, the expedition recovered ice cores, brine and sediment samples from the lake using clean drilling procedures to avoid contamination.
In addition to the unmanned observation station, a 5-day emergency supply of food for 6 people is cached from the southwestern shore.
The molecular hydrogen may be crucial as an energy source for life in the lake and aids in justifying the presence of life in an oxygen-deprived environment.
Victoria River passes through the Vida Basin into Victoria Valley, Victoria Land as ephemeral glacial meltwater from the Upper Victoria Glacier, draining from Victoria Upper Lake, to the northwest, to finally drain into the west end of Lake Vida.
Kite Stream is also located in the Vida Basin and flows as ephemeral glacial meltwater west from the Victoria Lower Glacier into the east end of Lake Vida.
The United States Geological Survey's Atlas of Antarctic Research maps up to nine Lake Vida inflows or outflows including Victoria River and Kite Stream.
In the vicinity of Lake Vida, a variety of geological features are noted, the most significant being glaciers, lakes, valleys, ridges, and summits.
There are approximately 25 named glaciers within a radius with the nearest being Upper Victoria Glacier, Packard Glacier, Clark Glacier, and Clio Glacier.
In the same radius, there are approximately 14 named ridges with the nearest being Robertsons Ridge, Helios Ridge, and Nottage Ridge.
In addition to Victoria Valley, there are 16 named valleys with the nearest being Sanford Valley, Barwick Valley and McKelvey Valley.
In addition to Upper Victoria Lake that feeds Lake Vida with meltwater, there are approximately 11 other lakes, the nearest being Lake Thomas.
The summits around Lake Vida are as follows, Mautino Peak, Mount Saga, Mount Allen, Mount Theseus, Mount Cerberus, Mount Insel, Nickell Peak, and Sponsors Peak.
The Victoria Valley dunefield, an approximately 1.5 km belt which is about 3.1 km long, lies to the east of Lake Vida.
Named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) after Vida (Vaida), a sledge dog of the Nimrod Expedition, 1910-13.
Scientists have found life in an Antarctic Lake Vida that was sealed off from the outside world by a thick sheet of ice several thousands of years ago.
The discovery of the ecosystem pushes the boundaries of what life can endure, and may inform the search for alien microbes on other planets, such as Mars, or on icy moons, for instance, Jupiter's moon Europa.
Siouxsie and the Banshees, Mötley Crüe, Aerosmith, U2 and Oasis are among the artists who have covered the track, and McCartney has frequently performed it in concert.
While the phrase also refers to chaos and disorder, in British English, a helter skelter is a fairground attraction consisting of a tall spiral slide winding round a tower.
The only chords used in the song are E7, G and A, with the first of these being played throughout the extended ending.
During the 18 July 1968 session, the Beatles recorded take 3 of the song, lasting 27 minutes and 11 seconds, although this version is slower, differing greatly from the album version.
On 9 September, 18 takes of approximately five minutes each were recorded, and the last one is featured on the original LP.
At around 3:40, the song completely fades out, then gradually fades back in, fades back out partially and finally fades back in quickly with three cymbal crashes and Starr's scream.
As the only remaining whites, they would rule blacks, who, as the vision went, would be incapable of running the United States.
The film's popularity in the US ensured that the song, and the White Album generally, received a new wave of attention.
According to Walter Everett, it is typically among the five most-disliked Beatles songs for members of the baby boomer generation, who made up the band's contemporary audience during the 1960s.
The song featured in the set lists for his '04 Summer Tour, The 'US' Tour (2005), Summer Live '09 (2009), the Good Evening Europe Tour (2009), the Up and Coming Tour (2010–11) and the On the Run Tour (2011–12).
In the last tours, the song has been generally inserted on the third encore, which is the last time the band enters the stage.
McCartney played the song on his One on One Tour at Fenway Park on 17 July 2016 accompanied by the Grateful Dead's Bob Weir and New England Patriots football player Rob Gronkowski.
McCartney performed the song live at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2006 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.
Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the 1900s, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards.
Originally patented by Otto Schultze on 7 October 1902, it uses a rotating flexible cable usually driven by gearing linked to the output of the vehicle's transmission.
When the vehicle is in motion, a speedometer gear assembly turns a speedometer cable, which then turns the speedometer mechanism itself.
As the magnet rotates near the cup, the changing magnetic field produces eddy current in the cup, which themselves produce another magnetic field.
The cup and pointer will turn until the torque of the eddy currents on the cup are balanced by the opposing torque of the spring, and then stop.
Given the torque on the cup is proportional to the car's speed, and the spring's deflection is proportional to the torque, the angle of the pointer is also proportional to the speed, so that equally spaced markers on the dial can be used for gaps in speed.
The return spring is calibrated such that a given revolution speed of the cable corresponds to a specific speed indication on the speedometer.
This calibration must take into account several factors, including ratios of the tailshaft gears that drive the flexible cable, the final drive ratio in the differential, and the diameter of the driven tires.
One of the key disadvantages of the eddy current speedometer is that it cannot show the vehicle speed when running in reverse gear since the cup would turn in the opposite direction – in this scenario the needle would be driven against its mechanical stop pin on the zero position.
In designs derived from earlier eddy-current models, a rotation sensor mounted in the transmission delivers a series of electronic pulses whose frequency corresponds to the (average) rotational speed of the driveshaft, and therefore the vehicle's speed, assuming the wheels have full traction.
The sensor is typically a set of one or more magnets mounted on the output shaft or (in transaxles) differential crownwheel, or a toothed metal disk positioned between a magnet and a magnetic field sensor.
As the part in question turns, the magnets or teeth pass beneath the sensor, each time producing a pulse in the sensor as they affect the strength of the magnetic field it is measuring.
Alternatively,particularly in vehicles with multiplex wiring, some manufacturers use the pulses coming from the ABS wheel sensors which communicate to the instrument panel via the CAN Bus.
Most modern electronic speedometers have the additional ability over the eddy current type to show the vehicle speed when moving in reverse gear.
A computer converts the pulses to a speed and displays this speed on an electronically controlled, analog-style needle or a digital display.
triggering ABS or traction control, calculating average trip speed, or to increment the odometer in place of it being turned directly by the speedometer cable.
Another early form of electronic speedometer relies upon the interaction between a precision watch mechanism and a mechanical pulsator driven by the car's wheel or transmission.
The watch mechanism endeavors to push the speedometer pointer toward zero, while the vehicle-driven pulsator tries to push it toward infinity.
In this way, it is analogous to an electronic car speedometer using pulses from an ABS sensor, but with a much cruder time/distance resolution – typically one pulse/display update per revolution, or as seldom as once every 2–3 seconds at low speed with a 26-inch (2.07 m circumference, without tire) wheel.
However, this is rarely a critical problem, and the system provides frequent updates at higher road speeds where the information is of more importance.
The low pulse frequency also has little impact on measurement accuracy, as these digital devices can be programmed by wheel size, or additionally by wheel or tire circumference in order to make distance measurements more accurate and precise than a typical motor vehicle gauge.
However these devices carry some minor disadvantage in requiring power from batteries that must be replaced every so often in the receiver (AND sensor, for wireless models), and, in wired models, the signal being carried by a thin cable that is much less robust than that used for brakes, gears, or cabled speedometers.
The turning force at the wheel may be provided either from a gearing system at the hub (making use of the presence of e.g.
a hub brake, cylinder gear or dynamo) as per a typical motorcycle, or with a friction wheel device that pushes against the outer edge of the rim (same position as rim brakes, but on the opposite edge of the fork) or the sidewall of the tyre itself.
Vehicle manufacturers usually calibrate speedometers to read high by an amount equal to the average error, to ensure that their speedometers never indicate a lower speed than the actual speed of the vehicle, to ensure they are not liable for drivers violating speed limits.
At an actual speed of 100 km/h (60 mph), the speedometer will indicate 100 x 1.0628 = 106.28 km/h (60 * 1.0628 = 63.77 mph), approximately.
In many countries the legislated error in speedometer readings is ultimately governed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Regulation 39, which covers those aspects of vehicle type approval that relate to speedometers.
The main purpose of the UNECE regulations is to facilitate trade in motor vehicles by agreeing uniform type approval standards rather than requiring a vehicle model to undergo different approval processes in each country where it is sold.
The standards specify both the limits on accuracy and many of the details of how it should be measured during the approvals process, for example that the test measurements should be made (for most vehicles) at 40, 80 and 120 km/h, and at a particular ambient temperature and road surface.
There are slight differences between the different standards, for example in the minimum accuracy of the equipment measuring the true speed of the vehicle.
At Conformity of Production Audits the upper limit on indicated speed is increased to 110 percent plus 6 km/h for cars, buses, trucks and similar vehicles, and 110 percent plus 8 km/h for two- or three-wheeled vehicles that have a maximum speed above 50 km/h (or a cylinder capacity, if powered by a heat engine, of more than 50 cm³).
All vehicles manufactured on or after 1 July 2007, and all models of vehicle introduced on or after 1 July 2006, must conform to UNECE Regulation 39.
The speedometers in vehicles manufactured before these dates but after 1 July 1995 (or 1 January 1995 for forward control passenger vehicles and off-road passenger vehicles) must conform to the previous Australian design rule.
This specifies that they need only display the speed to an accuracy of +/- 10% at speeds above 40 km/h, and there is no specified accuracy at all for speeds below 40 km/h.
The amended Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 permits the use of speedometers that meet either the requirements of EC Council Directive 75/443 (as amended by Directive 97/39) or UNECE Regulation 39.
As with the UNECE regulation and the EC Directives, the speedometer must never show an indicated speed less than the actual speed.
However it differs slightly from them in specifying that for all actual speeds between 25 mph and 70 mph (or the vehicles' maximum speed if it is lower than this), the indicated speed must not exceed 110% of the actual speed, plus 6.25 mph.
For example, if the vehicle is actually travelling at 50 mph, the speedometer must not show more than 61.25 mph or less than 50 mph.
Federal standards in the United States allow a maximum 5 mph error at a speed of 50 mph on speedometer readings for commercial vehicles.
On 1 September 1979 the NHTSA required speedometers to have special emphasis on 55 mph and display no more than a maximum speed of 85 mph.
Instead, the GPS's positional accuracy, and therefore the accuracy of its calculated speed, is dependent on the satellite signal quality at the time.
Some GPS devices do not take into account the vertical position of the car so will under report the speed by the road's gradient.
As mentioned in the satnav article, GPS data has been used to overturn a speeding ticket; the GPS logs showed the defendant traveling below the speed limit when they were ticketed.
That the data came from a GPS device was likely less important than the fact that it was logged; logs from the vehicle's speedometer could likely have been used instead, had they existed.
Roy Asberry Cooper III (born June 13, 1957) is an American politician and attorney who has served as the 75th Governor of North Carolina since January 1, 2017.
Prior to that, he served in the General Assembly in both the North Carolina House of Representatives and the North Carolina Senate.
On December 5, McCrory conceded the election, making Cooper the first challenger since 1850 to defeat a sitting North Carolina Governor.
The Republican-dominated legislature passed bills in a special session before he took office to reduce the power of the governor's office.
Roy Asberry Cooper III was born on June 13, 1957 in Nashville, North Carolina to Beverly Batchelor and Roy Asberry Cooper II.
After practicing law with his family's law firm for a number of years, Cooper was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1986.
He was appointed to the North Carolina Senate in 1991 to fill a remaining term of a seat that was vacated.
He continued to practice law as the managing partner of the law firm Fields & Cooper in Rocky Mount and Nashville, North Carolina.
Cooper was elected North Carolina Attorney General in November 2000 and took office on January 6, 2001; he was re-elected for a second four-year term in 2004. Cooper was mentioned as a possible Democratic candidate for North Carolina governor in 2008, but he decided to run for re-election as Attorney General instead.
He was easily re-elected, defeating Republican Bob Crumley and garnering more votes than any other statewide candidate in the 2008 Attorney General election.
Both state and national Democrats attempted to recruit him to run against Republican US Senator Richard Burr in 2010, but he declined.
In 2012 politicians suggested him as a possible candidate for Governor of North Carolina after incumbent Governor Bev Perdue announced her retirement, but Cooper declined to run.
In January 2007, when Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong asked to be recused from dealing with the Duke lacrosse case, Attorney General Cooper's office assumed responsibility for the case.
Two days after the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting, he created the Campus Safety Task Force to analyze school shootings and make policy recommendations to help the government prevent and respond to them.
Following the release of the task force's findings, Cooper assisted members of the North Carolina General Assembly in passing a law which required court clerks to record involuntary commitments in a national gun permit database.
Following a decision in 2010 by a three-judge panel to exonerate Gregor Taylor, who had served nearly seventeen years for the first-degree murder of Jaquetta Thomas, Cooper ordered an audit after it was learned that officials at the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation forensic lab had withheld information.
The audit was released in 2010; it found that it had been common practice for two decades for a select group of agents within the State Bureau of Investigation to withhold information.
As a result of the economic damage caused by the law, McCrory's approval rating dramatically fell in the months preceding the election.
The election was narrow, and when initial results showed Cooper had an advantage, McCrory claimed without evidence that the election had been manipulated by voter fraud.
Recounts resulted in slightly higher margins of victory for Cooper, and, after an extended legal battle, McCrory conceded the election on December 5.
Dismayed by Cooper's win, the General Assembly passed special legislation before he was inaugurated to reduce the power of the governor's office.
After long negotiations with Republican state legislators, in late March Cooper agreed to sign a law that prohibited North Carolina cities from passing local ordinances pertaining to public accommodations or employment practices for three years in exchange for the reversal of the facilities act.
After the Supreme Court of the United States declared North Carolina's legislative maps to be unconstitutional, Cooper called for a special redistricting session on June 7, 2017.
On July 12, Cooper signed a bill that would add lessons on what to do when pulled over by law enforcement to the state's driver's education curriculum.
On July 26, 2017, Cooper signed a bill to mount cameras on school buses in order to reduce drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses.
On August 31, 2017, he declared a state of emergency due to plummeting gas supply, which was rescinded on September 18.
Cooper was elected by his fellow Appalachian governors as co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission for 2019, making him the first North Carolina governor to co-chair the ARC since Jim Hunt in 1978.
In the November 2018 elections, the Republican Party lost seats in the General Assembly, ending its supermajorities in both houses and rendering it unable to override gubernatorial vetoes.
It included salary increases for public school teachers and state workers, expansion of Medicaid, and a $3.9 billion bond (subject to a referendum) to help fund school construction and local infrastructure projects.
Cooper stated that he was confident he could get the legislature, without enough Republican members to override a veto, to implement some of his ideas.
Cooper's first veto as North Carolina Governor was of a bill that would make elections to the North Carolina Superior Court and to the District Court partisan again, after being conducted on a nonpartisan basis for many years.
Cooper vetoed a bill on April 21, 2017, to reduce the size of the North Carolina Court of Appeals by three judges.
He also vetoed a bill on April 21, 2017, that would create a new State Board of Elections (and new county boards of elections) split evenly between the Republicans and the Democrats.
It would replace the longstanding system that gave the party of the Governor of North Carolina a majority on the board.
In December 2018, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill that would require new primary elections if a do-over election was called in the 9th district election.
Cooper vetoed the bill due to a provision that made campaign finance investigations less public, but the General Assembly overrode his veto.
In total, during his first two years in office, Cooper vetoed 28 bills, 23 of which were overriden by the legislature.
In May 2019, Cooper vetoed a bill that proposed punishments in the form of prison time and fines against physicians and nurses who do not resuscitate newborns that survive an abortion.
The 3-19 shooting incident () was an assassination attempt on President Chen Shui-bian and Vice President Annette Lu while they were campaigning in Tainan, Taiwan on 19 March 2004, the day before Taiwan's presidential election.
Their injuries were not life-threatening, and both Chen and Lu were released from Chi-Mei Hospital on the same day without losing consciousness or undergoing surgery.
The attack provoked shock and unease in Taiwan, where political violence of this kind was commonplace against non-KMT members 40 years earlier.
Some including Lu pointed to Beijing and the People's Republic of China for orchestrating the attack because of her and Chen's stance supporting Taiwanese independence from the mainland.
The opposing Pan-Blue supporters falsely believed that the incident was faked in order to win the sympathy of voters in the upcoming election, which Chen and Lu won by 29,500 votes.
President Chen and Vice President Lu were standing in the back seat of an open convertible Jeep moving slowly through a crowded street when around 1:45 pm, a bullet penetrated the windshield of the vehicle, grazed Chen's stomach, and was stopped in his clothes.
The other bullet penetrated the windshield and hit a cast on Lu's knee which she was wearing due to an earlier injury and was later found in the vehicle.
Chen realized that it was something more serious when he noticed that he was bleeding from the abdomen and that there was a bullet hole in the window.
Chen reported pain in his abdomen and Lu reported pain in her knee and they were taken to the Chi-Mei Hospital.
The president returned to his official residence by 9:00 pm and, in a video released to the public, he urged the Taiwanese people to remain calm and indicated that neither his health nor the security of Taiwan was threatened.
The next day's election was not postponed, as Taiwanese law only allows for suspension of an election on the death of a candidate.
Chen's opponent, Lien Chan, and Lien's campaign manager Wang Jin-pyng tried to visit Chen on the night of the incident, but were unable to see the president because he was resting.
while some Pan-Green supporters theorized that the assassination was a part of China and those pro-China politicians' plot to claim Chen's life and crush Taiwan's democracy.
These speculations were considered highly offensive by both camps and were not condoned by the leaderships of the two sides until after Chen had already won the election.
There were several people the police wanted to question based on erratic behavior, such as leaving the scene in a hurry as recorded by surveillance camera.
The bullet trajectory proposed by the police suggested that a bullet struck the windshield, entered Lu's knee, and then fell out.
Another bullet fired from the Jeep's side struck Chen's stomach and traveled through his jacket and lodged in the rear of the jacket until recovered by the hospital staff.
They were Dr. Cyril Wecht, a forensic expert, Michael Haag, an expert on bullet trajectory, and Timothy Palmbach, an expert on crime scene integrity.
After examining the Jeep, he deduced that the shots were fired from the outside because there were shards of glass on the Jeep's floor.
But due to the incompleteness of evidence preservation, and the lack of an accurate record on the Jeep's speed at the day of procession, he pointed out that it might be impossible to determine from which direction the bullets entered the Jeep.
Interior Minister Yu Cheng-hsien announced his resignation on 4 April 2004, and National Security Bureau director Tsai Chao-ming stepped down the week before to take responsibility for the shooting, in keeping with the Taiwanese tradition that government officials take responsibility for perceived or implied dereliction of duty.
According to the number of seats they have in the current 5th Legislative Yuan, each party will appoint members for the new commission.
The commission will have the right to interview government officials and demand documents, and will be asked to present its findings to the legislature infinitely without time constraint.
The commission is also authorized to command a government prosecuting attorney, to unilaterally utilize the disaster reserve funds from the Executive Yuan, and to override court verdicts.
Forensic scientist Henry Lee submitted a 130-page report and a CD containing 150 photos to Andrew Hsia, director general of Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in New York on 29 August 2004.
On 9 September 2004, three men – Yeh Ho-chiang, 37, Chen Ching-hung, 33, and Huang Chin-shou, 43 – were arrested at an illegal weapons factory near Tainan possessing bullets matching those found at the crime scene.
The tape was released by the police on 26 March 2004, and Chen was found drowned in a harbor on March 28.
The connection between Yixiong and the weapon maker was established by confirming Yi as being the 5th hand of a possible weapon; additionally family members of Yi stated that he left suicide notes, which according to the Taiwanese police's interpretation hinted that he committed the crime, although the notes had been burned by the family, and the interpretation held by the police is at best tenuous.
On the other hand, Huang also committed suicide with a gun that was made from the same manufacturer as that of the incident, and the bullet found shared traits with the one that hit the Vice-President.
Some pan-Blue supporters painted the incident as a sham staged to boost sympathy for Chen and win the election, arguing that the wounds inflicted upon the President and Vice President were improbably light and citing various perceived irregularities in the chronology of events and the physical and photographic evidence.
The Pan-Blue claimed the activation of National Security Mechanism after the incident recalls military and police personnels on leave, which may have affected the election's outcome as the recalled personnels were not able to vote.
The siciliana or siciliano (also known as the sicilienne or the ciciliano) is a musical style or genre often included as a movement within larger pieces of music starting in the Baroque period.
It is in a slow or time with lilting rhythms, making it somewhat resemble a slow jig or tarantella, and is usually in a minor key.
Loosely associated with Sicily, the siciliana evokes a pastoral mood, and is often characterized by dotted rhythms that can distinguish it within the broader musical genre of the pastorale.
In a 2006 book, Raymond Monelle found musicologists' attempts to trace the style to any authentic tradition in Sicily inconclusive, though he did trace its origins back to Italian Renaissance madrigals from the 1500s, in triple time with dotted rhythms.
Several written references to the genre are known from earlier in the 1600s; and sicilianas are described in musical dictionaries since 1703.
Further examples of Baroque sicilianas are found in J. S. Bach's music: for instance, in his Sonata in E-flat for flute and harpsichord, BWV 1031, and in his Concerto in E for harpsichord and strings, BWV 1053.
Other examples of Classical sicilianas are the third movement of Domenico Cimarosa's Oboe Concerto, the last movement of Carl Maria von Weber's Violin Sonata No.
In the Romantic era, Brahms wrote a siciliana as the 19th variation in his Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel for solo piano (1861).
In another set of variations by Brahms, the orchestral Variations on a Theme by Haydn (1873), the 7th variation also takes the form of a siciliana.
5) contains a Sicilienne notable for its Impressionist harmonies, and another prominent example is the middle movement of Paul Hindemith's Organ Sonata No.
Milkis launched in 1989 with a huge marketing campaign, notably with the appearance of Hong Kong actor Chow Yun-fat in its television advertisements.
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
The convention for writing peptide sequences is to put the C-terminal end on the right and write the sequence from N- to C-terminus.
Amino acids link to one another to form a chain by a dehydration reaction which joins the amine group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next.
Thus polypeptide chains have an end with an unbound carboxyl group, the C-terminus, and an end with an unbound amine group, the N-terminus.
The C-terminus of proteins can be modified posttranslationally, most commonly by the addition of a lipid anchor to the C-terminus that allows the protein to be inserted into a membrane without having a transmembrane domain.
These domains are then involved in the initiation of DNA transcription, the capping of the RNA transcript, and attachment to the spliceosome for RNA splicing.
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH) located at the end of a polypeptide.
Normally the amine group is bonded to another carboxylic group in a protein to make it a chain, but since the end of a protein has only 1 out of 2 areas chained, the free amine group is referred to the N-terminus.
This correlates the translation direction to the text direction (because when a protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus - amino acids are added to the carbonyl end).
Amino acids link to one another by peptide bonds which form through a dehydration reaction that joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amine group of the next in a head-to-tail manner to form a polypeptide chain.
The amino end of an amino acid (on a charged tRNA) during the elongation stage of translation, attaches to the carboxyl end of the growing chain.
However, some proteins are modified posttranslationally, for example, by cleavage from a protein precursor, and therefore may have different amino acids at their N-terminus.
The N-terminal signal peptide is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP) and results in the targeting of the protein to the secretory pathway.
Boone played in MLB for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians, Florida Marlins, Washington Nationals, and Houston Astros from 1997 through 2009.
He batted .423 with 22 stolen bases for the school's baseball team in his senior year, and was named the Century League's co-player of the year.
The California Angels selected Boone on the third day of the 1991 MLB draft, but he had no intention to sign a professional contract.
In 1993, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Orleans Cardinals of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and Orleans won the league's championship.
Boone made his MLB debut in June 1997, and was ejected from the game after being called out sliding into home.
On the last day of the 1998 season, the Reds started the only MLB infield composed of two sets of brothers: first baseman Stephen Larkin, second baseman Bret Boone, shortstop Barry Larkin, and third baseman Aaron Boone.
On September 22, 2002, Boone hit the last home run in Riverfront Stadium in the eighth inning, a solo home run off Dan Plesac.
During Game 7 of the 2003 American League Championship Series (ALCS), Boone hit a walk-off home run in the 11th inning, off of Tim Wakefield, which gave the New York Yankees a 6–5 victory over the Boston Red Sox, thus prolonging the Curse of the Bambino.
He earned $600,000 for 2004, $3 million for the 2005 season, and a club option for the 2006 season worth $4.5 million.
In March 2009, Boone underwent open-heart surgery to replace a bicuspid aortic valve, a condition that he has been aware of since childhood but which routine tests indicated had recently worsened.
Boone stated that doctors told him he could play baseball when he recovers, but he was not sure if he would choose to do so.
Boone returned to baseball on August 10, when he began his rehabilitation with the Corpus Christi Hooks, the Astros' Double-A minor league affiliate.
Boone stated after the game that his goal was to return to the major leagues by September 1, the date that major league rosters expand.
Boone served as a guest analyst for the MLB Network coverage of the 2009 ALCS between the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
He finished his first season with a 100–62 record, good for second in the American League East, and led the Yankees to the wild card game against the Oakland Athletics, despite losing Aaron Judge for two months with a wrist injury.
On October 3, 2018, the Yankees defeated the Athletics 7-2 to advance to the American League Division Series, giving Boone his first postseason win as a manager.
On September 19, after winning against the Los Angeles Angels 9–1, The Yankees clinched the American League East, becoming AL East Division Champions for the first time since 2012 and also earning their 100th win.
He is the son of former catcher and manager Bob Boone, the brother of All Star and four-time Gold Glove winner Bret Boone, the brother of former Cincinnati Reds minor leaguer Matt Boone, and the grandson of former major leaguer Ray Boone.
As children, Aaron and Bret spent time in the Phillies clubhouse with fellow sons of other major league players, including Pete Rose Jr.
This algorithm is slow in practice because we need to search many such numbers, and only a few satisfy the strict equation.
Congruences of squares are extremely useful in integer factorization algorithms and are extensively used in, for example, the quadratic sieve, general number field sieve, continued fraction factorization, and Dixon's factorization.
Conversely, because finding square roots modulo a composite number turns out to be probabilistic polynomial-time equivalent to factoring that number, any integer factorization algorithm can be used efficiently to identify a congruence of squares.
The youngest of three sons, Glover was born to a white father who left the family before he was born and a black mother.
She played for Whitney Houston when she was singing in the gospel choir, and was the one who first noticed Savion's musical talent.
Glover liked to start his pieces with some old school moves from famous tappers and then work his way into his own style.
He finished his dance with a famous Coles move, a backflip into a split from standing position, then getting up without using one's hands.
Glover rarely does this move because it wasn't his style, but he did it because it was Coles' style that he wanted to keep alive.
Many legendary tappers taught Glover such as LeTang, the Hines brothers, Jimmy Slyde, Dianne Walker, Chuck Green, Lon Chaney (Isaiah Chaneyfield), Honi Coles, Sammy Davis Jr., Buster Brown, Howard Sims, and Arthur Duncan.
Wanting to bring back the real essence of tap, Glover claimed that he is on a mission to reclaim the rhythm that was lost when tap dancing was recycled after many generations.
The musical was choreographed by Danny Daniels, with direction by Vivian Matalon; the music was by Henry Krieger and lyrics by Robert Lorick.
He was nominated for the Tony Award, Actor in a Musical for his roles as Lil' Dahlin' and 'da Beat and for Choreography.
He has been nominated for a Tony Award for Best Choreography and a Drama Desk Award for his work on the musical.
The book presents his firsthand account of the cases of Manson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and other members of the self-described Manson Family.
The book recounts and assesses the investigation, arrest, and prosecution of Charles Manson and his followers for the notorious 1969 murders of Leno and Rosemary LaBianca, actress Sharon Tate, and several others.
The book won the 1975 Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime book, and was the basis for two television films, released in 1976 and 2004.
At the time of Bugliosi's death in 2015, it had sold over seven million copies, making it the best-selling true crime book in history.
Bugliosi himself narrated the Talking Books unabridged audiobook at the time of the book's original release, and read an abridged version of his update for the 25th anniversary edition abridged audiobook read by Robert Foxworth.
GnomeVFS (short for GNOME Virtual File System) was an abstraction layer of the GNOME platform for the reading, writing and execution of files.
Before GNOME 2.22 GnomeVFS was primarily used by the appropriate versions of Nautilus file manager (renamed to GNOME Files) and other GNOME applications.
A cause of confusion is the fact that the file system abstraction used by the Linux kernel is also called the virtual file system (VFS) layer.
With the release of GNOME 2.22 in April 2008, GnomeVFS was declared deprecated in favor of GVfs and GIO, requesting that developers do not use it in new applications.
Dorothy Violet Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (30 July 1889 – 11 July 1956), styled Lady Gerald Wellesley between 1914 and 1943, was an English socialite, author, poet, and literary editor.
She was the daughter of Col. Robert Ashton of Croughton, Cheshire (himself a second cousin of the 1st Baron Ashton of Hyde), descended from wealthy cotton manufacturers, and his wife (Lucy) Cecilia Dunn-Gardner (later Countess of Scarbrough), and stepdaughter of the 10th Earl of Scarbrough.
She was introduced to Yeats in 1935, and he eventually would edit and revise her poems as well as soliciting her comments on his works.
Yeats spent much of his final time towards the end of his life with Wellesley at her Sussex home, and she would be at his deathbed in 1939.
Dorothy Ashton married Lord Gerald Wellesley (later 7th Duke of Wellington), on 30 April 1914; they separated in 1922 but did not divorce.
Dorothy Wellesley became the lover of Vita Sackville-West, for whom she left her husband and children in 1922, according to a memoir published in 2009 by her granddaughter, Lady Jane Wellesley.
This relationship, a key stabilizer in both their lives, ended tragically with the death of Hilda during a routine thyroid operation.
Meredith NicEssus is a faerie princess turned private investigator in a world where faeries are not only known to the general public, but are also fashionable.
Her glamour (the art of magical disguise through illusion) is nearly unrivaled at court, and she is able to pass herself off as a human with fey blood.
The point of divergence from normal history is not provided, although hints are given about how the faerie history intersects with human history (Adolf Hitler, the Irish Potato Famine, and Thomas Jefferson are examples).
In the books, Jefferson gave the Unseelie and Seelie courts asylum after the European courts exiled them—however with the caveat that they could not set themselves up as gods or make war on one another, by doing so they would risk being evicted from US soil.
That Merry used the name into her thirties is a sign that she is a late bloomer at best, a lesser sidhe at worst.
The series chronicles the return of Meredith to the Unseelie Court by way of an invitation sent by her Aunt Andais, the Queen of Air and Darkness in the form of her right hand, Doyle, also known as The Queen's Darkness.
She is given men from the queen's own guard, her Ravens, to guard her body and fill her bed as heir to the throne, provided she can conceive a child before her cousin, Cel.
Later Merry adds to her collection of men first by taking the men offered to her by Queen Andais, as well as forming alliances with the demi-fey, goblins, and Red Caps.
Meredith formed her first alliance with Sholto King of the Sluagh when he is sent to Los Angeles by an unknown man (later theorized to be Cel, her cousin).
She is eventually convinced to kill Nerys with Doyle's killing blade by Doyle and Sholto, because Nerys is immortal and cannot die even if she is turned into an inside-out ball of flesh.
This occurs when Merry is bled by the roses that line the entrance to the throne room of the Unseelie Court.
She passes out from blood loss and opens her eyes to see one of the goblins drinking from her open wound, (to goblins bodily fluids are sacred).
She has the goblin detained and bargains with Kurag for a 6-month alliance in return for Merry taking a goblin (Kitto) into her bed.
Also, Merry brings the Red Caps back to their full original power because she is the only Sidhe who possesses the full Hand of Blood.
This is struck when Merry bargains for the cure to a curse that the Demi-Fey placed on Galen, under the direction of Cel.
She bargains with Niceven for a year alliance during which the demi-fey will spy for Merry in exchange for weekly blood donations by Merry.
In addition, she has also bedded the roane [seal shapeshifter] Roane, the Sidhe Adair, Amatheon, Abeloec, Ivi, and Brii, the half-goblin twins Ash and Holly, and the demi-feys named Sage and Royal.
Near the end of the same book, Merry was crowned Queen of the Unseelie Court (the Crown of Moonlight and Shadows) and Doyle was crowned her king (with the Crown of Thorn and Silver); however, when offered a chance by the Goddess, they gave up the Unseelie throne in exchange for Frost's life.
She has also been offered the Seelie throne by certain members of the Seelie court, as their infertile king has gone mad and is no longer fit to rule, but has refused.
Merry repeatedly states, both in her own thoughts and to her guards, that she does not believe she would be accepted on either the Seelie or Unseelie thrones because of her mortality and mixed (human, brownie, and sidhe) blood, and that she would invite certain death for either herself or some of her men by attempting to rule either court.
At the end of the book she still remains Queen of the Sluagh, as well as claiming the title of the Queen of Faerie in the westerlands with approval of the Goddess and Consort.
When Merry had intercourse with her boyfriend, who was a roane, she simultaneously returned his ability to change shape (which he had lost after a fisherman burned his seal-skin) and raised magic in her two hands indicating she possesses two hands of power.
After this, Doyle gives her Queen Andais's sword, Mortal Dread, which she uses to put the inside-out night hag out of her misery.
In the process, she becomes covered with blood, and Doyle tells her that in order to cement her powers, she had to cover herself in the blood of an enemy (which was his purpose in giving her the blade).
Merry must protect Maeve Reed, an exile from the Seelie court, from the Nameless (when the fey came to America they gave up their most deadly magicks; the Nameless was made up of those magicks).
During the battle, she charges the mass of energy and puts her left hand out; she feels her blood begin to boil, and large gashes appear on the enormous mass of magic.
Merry also begins attracting ancient relics of power that had disappeared over time including the ancient cauldron (which took the form of a chalice).
As sharing Merry's mortal blood has previously caused other opponents to become mortal in battle, this may indicate that Merry is no longer a mortal.
It is also detailed that during her fight with her cousin Cel she visualizes a fist inside him and when she opens that fist he exploded.
She was the daughter of Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington, and Dorothy Violet Ashton, and thus a great-great-granddaughter of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
Since the establishment and successful launch of Chilsung Cider, a lemon-lime soft drink, in 1950, Lotte Chilsung Beverage has been continuously developing and launching products in carbonated drinks, juices, coffee, tea, and water.
In 1982, the company established a partnership with US-based Del Monte and now manufactures the well-loved Premium Orange and Del Monte Cold products.
1 canned coffee, Cantata, a coffee blend made with Arabica beans from plantations worldwide, and black tea drinks Ceylon Tea and Lipton.
The 2% brands opened up near water products in 1999, while diverse assortments range from soy milks to traditional beverage and health drinks.
Other varieties in the catalog include the sports drink Gatorade; the carbonated water Trevi; Icis, the purified water; and France-imported Evian and Volvic.
Lotte Chilsung Beverage has been marketing Scotch Blue, Korea’s local whiskey brand, along with fruit liquor, traditional Mirin, and other alcoholic beverages.
Other liquors include Cheoeumcheoreom (‘Like the first time’), which is the world’s first soju made of alkaline-reduced water, Chungha, Baekhwasubok, which is brewed with rice, plum wine Seoljungmae Plus, and Majuang, which is Korean wine.
Sephiroth is later revealed to be the result of an experiment by the megacorporation Shinra, in which they injected him with cells from the extraterrestrial lifeform Jenova when he was still a fetus.
Upon discovering this, Sephiroth decides to follow what he believes to be his destiny and take control of the Planet, while Cloud and the game's other protagonists attempt to stop him.
As revealed over the course of the game, Sephiroth was once the most powerful member of SOLDIER, Shinra's elite military division, who was celebrated as a heroic veteran of the Shinra-Wutai war.
After the war, however, Sephiroth was sent on a mission to the village of Nibelheim, where he discovered that he was the product of a biological experiment that combined a human fetus with tissue from the extraterrestrial lifeform Jenova.
He burns down the entire village and kills many, but is assumed dead after a confrontation with Cloud inside a nearby Mako reactor, although Cloud does not believe it was he who had killed Sephiroth, whose skill and might dwarfs his, and acknowledges Sephiroth most probably had won but spared him for unknown reasons.
His plan to become a god is based upon his belief that he can merge with the Planet's Lifestream, taking control of it, and thus the Planet itself.
In order to do so, he must summon Meteor, a destructive meteorite entity from outer space that can catastrophically damage the Planet.
Despite appearing multiple times throughout the game, it is revealed that Sephiroth's physical body is actually sealed in the Northern Crater, and that the manifestations seen by Cloud and his allies were people imbued with Jenova cells taking his form, controlled by the wounded Sephiroth in the Planet core.
Nomura said that in this game, Sephiroth represents Cloud's dark side, in contrast to Tifa Lockhart, who represents his light side.
The staff, however, did not know if they would portray him as a being of darkness as shown in other titles.
He is referenced in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U during Cloud's reveal trailer, and in an in-game trophy description.
His name came from the Kabbalah, in which the ten sephirot on the Tree of life represent the ten attributes through which God reveal himself.
His character existed from the earliest stages of development, as originally, Nomura thought that the game's plot would deal exclusively with Cloud Strife pursuing Sephiroth, who was always the game's main antagonist.
Nomura wanted Sephiroth to appear early in the game, and then have the plot dealing with the protagonists following him, so that gamers would not meet the final boss until extremely late in the game.
He was to suffer from Mako addiction, resulting in a semi-conscious state as a result of high level exposure to Mako energy.
Sephiroth was also intended to manipulate Cloud into believing that he was a creation of Sephiroth's will, but this aspect of the story was later abandoned.
Sephiroth has long platinum hair and bright cyan eyes with cat-like pupils, and is depicted in a black coat decorated with metallic pauldrons.
Nomura has stated that Sephiroth was made to be a complete contrast to the game's main protagonist, Cloud, who was originally designed to have slicked-back, black hair with no spikes.
The Masamune is named after the famous Japanese swordsmith Goro Nyudo Masamune, whose blades are considered national treasures in Japan today.
When designing Cloud and Sephiroth, Nomura was influenced by his view of their rivalry mirroring the legendary animosity between Miyamoto Musashi and Sasaki Kojirō, with Cloud and Sephiroth being Musashi and Kojirō respectively.
His revival in the film was introduced in the early stages of development, but the official decision as to how to bring him back was not reached until later.
Nomura originally planned to have him appear from the start, but as it took the staff two years to develop his design, the idea of his presence throughout the film was scrapped, and it was decided instead to have him only appear on screen for a short time.
Sephiroth was designed for the film in such a way so as to emphasize his other-worldliness, such as the fact that he never blinks or is seen breathing, and his voice remains always monotone and calm.
Despite initially encountering problems as to who would voice him, Nomura said that once Toshiyuki Morikawa auditioned for the role, they knew they had their actor.
Morikawa was instructed by the staff to speak all of Sephiroth's dialogue as if he felt superior to every other character in the film.
His primary theme is , a piece utilizing bells, low drums, and a deep chorus, which accompanies Sephiroth's appearances throughout the game.
At the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con International, Kanji Tashiro, Square Enix's manager of merchandise, said that this figure was one of their best-selling items.
Kotobukiya has included the character in numerous merchandise, including a series of cold casts based on his appearance in both the original game and the film sequel.
As a result of promotional campaigns organized in Japan by Square Enix and Coca-Cola, a version of Sephiroth drawn in a super deformed style was featured in the first two volumes of a promotional collection.
Some replica weapon companies have produced replicas of Sephiroth's sword, the Masamune, as a katana with a stainless steel unsharpened blade.
IGN listed him at number two in its 2006 list of most memorable villains, as well as the fourth top video game villain.
A reader's choice poll organized by GameSpot placed Sephiroth as the best boss of all time, receiving five times more votes than Bowser, who finished in second place; most of the comments noted the difficulty of the final fight against Sephiroth, as well as its distinctive elements when compared to other games.
The NCAA Skiing Championships are held annually to crown the National Collegiate Athletic Association combined men's and women's team skiing champion.
The University of Colorado is second all time with 20 titles (plus one AIAW title), and The University of Utah is third with 12 national championships.
In 2012, Vermont scored a record 832 points, the most ever by an NCAA Champion, and won by a record-breaking 161 points over Utah, which finished with 671 points.
It forms the north-western part of the peninsula that sticks north into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Gulf of Sidra on the west, and the Levantine Basin on the east.
Due to erosion and deposition the plateau is sometimes as much as from the shore, but it forms cliffs on the headlands.
The region is one of the very few forested areas of Libya, which taken as a whole is one of the least forested countries on Earth.
The high rainfall contributes to the area's large forests containing Chammari, and enables rich fruit, potato, and cereal agriculture, something of a rarity in an arid country like Libya.
Documents created during the New Kingdom of Egypt record that to the west there were large populations of metal workers who lived in towns and had plentiful livestock.
It was the Greeks who introduced farming to the Jebal Akhdar when they colonised its verdant valleys in around 600 BC.
During the Italian occupation these mountains were identified as a promising area for agriculture and many Italians moved here in the 1930s.
This settlement was interrupted during World War II and the villages and farms were deserted and were later reoccupied by Libyans.
The mountain chain was the site of major battles between the British Commonwealth and the Axis forces during World War II.
The Libyan leader Omar Mukhtar used this heavily forested mountainous region to resist the Italian military occupation of Libya as Italian colony for more than twenty years, where he organized and devised strategies for the Libyan resistance against Italian Libya.
William H. Keith (born August 8, 1950) is an American author, who writes also under several pen names, such as Ian Douglas, Robert Cain and H. Jay Riker.
William Keith became a professional artist and writer, working in the game industry with his brother Andrew, particularly for Game Designers' Workshop and FASA for before becoming a full-time author.
Ishka did not want to end the Ferengi profit-making way of life, but wanted Ferengi females to be able to take part in it.
Director David Livingston recalled that they had a difficult time finding somebody to play Ishka; at one point, he even made the unpopular suggestion that Wallace Shawn (Grand Nagus Zek) appear in drag as Quark and Rom's mother.
Andrea Martin was cast at the suggestion of episode director René Auberjonois (Odo), who felt the actress could manage the right balance of comedy and good acting that was missing from the applicants he had seen thus far.
Ira Behr, Robert Hewitt Wolfe, and David Livingston all had good things to say about the casting of Martin as Ishka.
Adams attributed her successful audition to the many similarities between her and Martin: not only did Martin's costumes fit without need for alteration, but so did the prosthetic faceplate.
Before Andrea Martin accepted the role, director René Auberjonois (Odo) confided in her that working under the Ferengi prosthetics would be the hardest acting she'd ever done if she'd never worked under such makeup before.
Originally the producers drew lines on Adams' hands to make them appear older, but later decided they did not look old enough and used prosthetic gloves.
Further, because Ishka was old, the staff padded Adams' costume with , including fake breasts that Adams guessed weighed ; after watching the dailies, both Adams and Behr agreed that the breasts needed to be reduced as they were too distracting.
Adams would later thank both director René Auberjonois and co-star Armin Shimerman for helping her realize that overacting was the name of the game when working under such protheses.
Per Ferengi law, she is forbidden from making profit or wearing clothing, yet she has begun doing both and is found out by the Ferengi Commerce Authority (FCA; an agency essentially equivalent to the United States' Internal Revenue Service).
The FCA charges Quark with his mother's misdeeds, about which she is unrepentant, feeling that women should have the same rights and privileges as men.
After much arguing with Quark, Iskha agrees to sign a confession and forfeit her earnings for her son's sake, though she confides in Rom (Max Grodénchik) that she only gave up a third of what she had hidden away.
When Quark is unable to extract nepotistic assistance from the Grand Nagus, he colludes with Liquidator Brunt (Jeffrey Combs) to break up the couple.
Quark soon realizes however that Ishka is the real power behind the throne, giving Zek financial advice and suggestions that keep the Ferengi economy afloat.
While in captivity at the hands of the Vorta Yelgrun (Iggy Pop), Ishka offers financial advice and tries to empathize with her captor about family.
She has convinced Zek to amend the Ferengi Bill of Opportunities to allow women to wear clothing, and the result was economic turmoil across the Ferengi Alliance.
When Ishka suffers a heart attack, Quark undergoes sex reassignment surgery to take her place at Zek's side and win back the support of an influential Ferengi commissioner.
Doctor Bashir (Alexander Siddig) is able to successfully perform a heart transplantation for Ishka, and she is up and about by the end of the episode.
Crediting Andrea Martin with her broad and confident initial portrayal of Ishka, Adams commented on how easy it was to play a character so well delineated.
She just doesn't care what anybody thinks; she's so committed to what she thinks is right, and everyone else be damned.
At Eton College, he was a founding member of the Eton Arts Society before going up to Oxford to read Modern Greats at Christ Church.
After serving as an RAF liaison officer in the Mediterranean, he returned to Florence, restoring his childhood home, Villa La Pietra, to its earlier glory.
Acton was born to a prominent Anglo-Italian-American family of baronets, later raised to the peerage as Barons Acton of Aldenham at Villa La Pietra, his parents' house one mile outside the walls of Florence, Italy.
He claimed that his great-great-grandfather was Commodore Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet (1736–1811), who married his niece, Mary Anne Acton, and who was prime minister of Naples under Ferdinand IV and grandfather of the Roman Catholic historian Lord Acton.
His father was the successful art collector and dealer Arthur Acton (1873–1953), the illegitimate son of Eugene Arthur Roger Acton (1836–1895), counsellor to the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce.
His mother, Hortense Lenore Mitchell (1871–1962), was the heiress of John J. Mitchell, a president of the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank and an appointed member of the Federal Advisory Council, and a trustee of the Art Institute of Chicago (1908–1909).
Arthur Acton met Hortense in Chicago while helping to design the Italianate features of the bank's new building in 1896, and the Mitchell fortune allowed Arthur Acton to buy the remarkable Villa La Pietra on the hills of Florence, where Harold Acton lived for much of his life.
The only modern furniture in the villa was in the nurseries, and that was disposed of when the children got older (Harold's younger brother William Acton was born in 1906).
In 1913, his parents sent him to Wixenford Preparatory School near Reading in southern England, where Kenneth Clark was a fellow-pupil.
By 1916 submarine attacks on shipping had made the journey to England unsafe and so Harold and his brother were sent in September to Chateau de Lancy, an international school near Geneva.
In the autumn of 1917, he went to a 'crammers' at Ashlawn in Kent to be prepared for Eton, which he entered on 1 May 1918.
Among his contemporaries at Eton were Eric Blair (the writer George Orwell), Cyril Connolly, Robert Byron, Alec Douglas-Home, Ian Fleming, Brian Howard, Oliver Messel, Anthony Powell, Steven Runciman, and Henry Yorke (the novelist Henry Green).
At Oxford Acton dominated the Railway Club, which included: Henry Yorke, Roy Harrod, Henry Thynne, 6th Marquess of Bath, David Plunket Greene, Edward Henry Charles James Fox-Strangways, 7th Earl of Ilchester, Brian Howard, Michael Parsons, 6th Earl of Rosse, John Sutro, Hugh Lygon, Harold Acton, Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne, Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross, Mark Ogilvie-Grant, John Drury-Lowe.
In October he took an apartment in Paris, at 29 Quai de Bourbon, and had his portrait painted by Pavel Tchelitcheff.
In the later 1920s Harold frequented the London salon of Lady Cunard, where at various times he encountered Ezra Pound, Joseph Duveen and the Irish novelist George Moore.
One close observer, Alan Pryce-Jones, felt that life in Florence weighed upon Acton with its triviality, for, like his father, he was a hard worker and a careful scholar.
The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, but Acton did not leave until 1939, when he returned to England and joined the Royal Air Force as a liaison officer.
Acton's non-historical works include four volumes of poetry, three novels, two novellas, two volumes of short stories, two volumes of autobiography and a memoir of his friend Nancy Mitford, who was his exact contemporary.
The British Institute in Florence, an important centre for Anglo-Florentine cultural life since 1917, renamed its collections the Harold Acton Library.
Acton's name was first on a petition submitted to Rome in 1971 by British cultural élite, requesting that the traditional Latin rite of the Mass not be abrogated in England.
His mother, the heiress Hortense Lenore Mitchell, a dominating personality in his life who lived on until the age of 90, did not make life easy for him but he still remained the devoted and admiring son.
Plante also described the young men whom Acton welcomed to La Pietra, including Alexander Zielcke, a German photographer and artist who was Acton's lover for the last twenty-five years of his life.
In leaving his family's property and collection to New York University, Acton expressed his desire that the estate be used as a meeting place for students, faculty, and guests who might study, teach, write and do research, and as a centre for international programs.
Following his death, DNA testing confirmed the existence of a half-sister born out of wedlock, whose heirs have gone to court to challenge Acton's $500 million bequest to New York University.
Acton was buried beside his parents and brother in the Roman Catholic section of the Cimitero Evangelico degli Allori in the southern suburb of Florence, Galluzzo (Italy).
The original settlement developed around the local railway station, founded in 1875, and the development of a cotton weaving factory in a nearby farm.
In Brazil, however, slavery was still legal, making it a particularly attractive location to former Confederates, among whom was a former member of the Alabama State Senate, William Hutchinson Norris.
The first records on the occupation of the lands where Americana now stands date from the late 18th century, when Domingos da Costa Machado I acquired a crown property between the municipalities of Vila Nova da Constituição (now Piracicaba) and Vila de São Carlos (now Campinas).
A part of the property, which included the Machadinho estate, was sold by Domingos da Costa Machado II to Antônio Bueno Rangel.
A part of the property was afterwards sold to the captain of the Brazilian National Guard, Ignácio Corrêa Pacheco, who is considered the founder of Americana.
In 1866, the region started to be populated with North American immigrants from the defunct Confederate States of America, who were fleeing the aftermath of the American Civil War.
In 1875, almost a decade after the arrival of the Confederate immigrants in the region, the São Paulo Railways Company completed the expansion of its main railway to the city of Rio Claro.
Despite belonging to the municipality of Campinas, the station was made to serve the estates in the municipality of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, which was further away and had no station of its own.
It is unknown exactly when the small village became the city of Americana, but it is known that this village was created by the time of the inauguration of the railway station, and that it was Ignácio Corrêa Pacheco who distributed the lands.
The similarity between the official name of the town and the one of the neighboring municipality frequently caused serious communication problems, such as mail to Santa Bárbara Station often being shipped to the municipality of Santa Bárbara, ten kilometers away.
The factory ran into financial trouble after the abolition of slavery in 1888, and was purchased by German immigrants who were members of the Müller family.
At Americana these Italian immigrants built their first church in 1896, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, who eventually became the patron saint of the city.
Born in Portugal, and called Saint Anthony of Lisbon there, the saint who is among the three June popular saints in the Catholic calendar (the others being Saints John the Baptist and Peter) is celebrated on June 13 with typical Junine countryside Brazilian food, prayers of the rosary, square dance, liquor, and bonfire.
Those immigrants worked as indentured servants, paying off their debts to farmers who had paid for their tickets and were exploited, until the system was revamped and improved.
In 1906, two years after the creation of the Distrito de Paz de Villa Americana, the municipality received a visit from Elihu Root, United States Secretary of State, who had been attending and presiding the Pan-American Conference held in Rio de Janeiro.
Its first police force was created, a sub prefecture was established, and three street lights – lit by kerosene and brought from Germany – were introduced.
A school was also established, with the sending of the educator Silvino José de Oliveira to represent Americana's interests with the state government.
In this year, the fight to change its status to city began, led by Antonio Lobo and others, such as Lieutenant Antas de Abreu, Cícero Jones and Hermann Müller himself.
Their efforts finally bore fruit: on November 12, 1924, the Municipality of Villa Americana was created, comprising two districts: Villa Americana and Nova Odessa, Nova Odesa later becoming its own municipality.
Americana sent volunteers to this revolution, and three of them, Jorge Jones, Fernando de Camargo and Aristeu Valente (from Nova Odessa, then part of Americana), perished during the struggle.
In 1938, Mayor Zanaga changed the name of the town from Villa Americana to Americana, and due to the economic transformation of the town, the Comarca of Americana was created on December 31, 1953, during the administration of Mayor Jorge Arbix.
The same also occurred because the majority of the population were unaware of the location where one municipality ended and where another began.
The problem was solved with the creation of a major avenue, today called Avenida da Amizade (Friendship Avenue), which became the dividing line.
The sudden increase in population caused an imbalance in the public accounts of the municipality, which was not ready for such a great number of new residents.
The median high temperature in summer is 84 °F (29 °C) and the median low is 64 °F (18 °C), comparable to Boston.
In winter, the median high temperature is 72 °F (22 °C) and the median low temperature is 50 °F (10 °C), comparable to Orlando, Florida.
It contains 41429 books on various general subjects and 9051 children's books, totalling 50,480 books (as of June 1999), as well as 114 various newspapers and 24,500 magazines, including children's.
She worked with all of the grades, but she preferred to work with the fourth year students, and prepare them for the wider world.
Americana is also the hometown of Paralympics swimmer Danilo Binda Glasser, winner of two bronze medals in the Paralympics of Sydney 2000 and at Athens 2004, and footballer Oscar, a silver medallist at the 2012 London Olympics, a 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup champion, a 2011–2012 UEFA Champions League champion Chelsea F.C.
Sir Cyril Astley Clarke, KBE, FRCP, FRCOG, (Hon) FRC Path, FRS (22 August 1907 – 21 November 2000) was a British physician, geneticist and lepidopterist.
He was honoured for his pioneering work on prevention of Rh disease of the newborn, and also for his work on the genetics of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).
Cyril Clarke was born on 22 August 1907 in Leicester, England and received his school education at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys, Leicester and at the independent Oundle School near Peterborough.
His studied natural science at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, graduating in 1929, and then medicine at Guy's Hospital, London, graduating in 1932.
After the war Clarke worked as a registrar at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham and then as Consultant Physician at the United Liverpool Hospitals.
In 1963 he was appointed Director of the Nuffield Unit of Medical Genetics based at the University of Liverpool and two years later was made Professor of Medicine.
Clarke helped to develop the technique of giving Rh-negative women inter-muscular injections of anti-RhD antibodies during pregnancy to prevent Rh disease in their newborn babies.
Clarke continued research in his retirement and in 1988 he rediscovered a scarlet tiger moth colony on the Wirral Way, West Kirby, that had been started in 1961 by Philip Sheppard.
Formerly obese, he is also known for being the first to popularise a weight loss diet based on limiting the intake of carbohydrates, especially those of a starchy or sugary nature.
He undertook his dietary changes at the suggestion of Soho Square physician Dr. William Harvey, who in turn had learned of this type of diet, but in the context of diabetes management, from attending lectures in Paris by Claude Bernard.
In the early 19th century, the family business of William Banting of St. James’s Street, London, was among the most eminent companies of funeral directors in Britain.
As funeral directors to the Royal Household itself, the Banting family conducted the funerals of King George III in 1820, King George IV in 1830, the Duke of Gloucester in 1834, the Duke of Wellington in 1852, Prince Albert in 1861, Prince Leopold in 1884, Queen Victoria in 1901, and King Edward VII in 1910.
Seil () is one of the Slate Islands, located on the east side of the Firth of Lorn, southwest of Oban, in Scotland.
Balvicar, in the centre of the island, is the main settlement with a fishing industry, the island shop, and a high percentage of houses that are occupied all year round.
This village is a conservation area with a number of holiday cottages and is fully occupied only in the summer months.
Located in a former slate quarry-worker's cottage, the centre has displays on life in the 19th century, slate quarrying and the local flora, fauna and geology.
Forty of the animals, whose setts were believed to be long established, may have been gassed to death, according to the police.
The police also expressed concerns that two golden eagles and one white-tailed sea eagle have been found poisoned near Seil in recent years, involving use of the banned substance Carbofuran.
His reasons include the island's association with St Brendan, its location on an inshore trade route from Antrim to the north and its suitability for a substantial settlement.
It was written by Gary Gygax and Frank Mentzer, and is an expansion of an earlier Gygax module, The Village of Hommlet (TSR, 1979).
The adventure begins in the eponymous village of Hommlet, situated near the site of a past battle against evil forces operating from the Temple.
They travel to a town that is supposed to be a great place to earn fortunes, defeat enemy creatures, but also to lose one's life.
While the town initially appears warm and hospitable, the characters soon learn that many of its inhabitants are powerful spies for minions of evil.
T1 culminates in a ruined moathouse where agents secretly plan to re-enter the Temple and free the demoness Zuggtmoy, imprisoned therein.
In the next section, T2, the adventurers move on to the nearby village of Nulb to confront several nefarious opponents, including agents from the Temple.
Based on the outcome of these encounters, the player characters can then enter the Temple itself to interact with its many denizens and test their mettle against Zuggtmoy herself.
The temple referenced in the module's title is an unholy structure located in the central Flanaess not far from the city-state of Verbobonc.
In 566 CY, forces of evil from Dyvers or the Wild Coast constructed a small chapel outside the nearby village of Nulb.
The chapel was quickly built into a stone temple from which bandits and evil humanoids began to operate with increasing frequency.
This allied army clashed with a horde of evil men and humanoids, including orcs, ogres and gnolls, at the Battle of Emridy Meadows.
Men-at-arms from Furyondy and Veluna united with dwarves from the Lortmils, gnomes from the Kron Hills, and an army of elven archers to face the threat of the Horde of Elemental Evil, consisting largely of savage humanoids such as orcs, ogres, and gnolls.
The arrival of the elves from the shadows of the Gnarley Forest turned the tide of battle, trapping the savage humanoids against a bend in the Velverdyva where they were routed and slaughtered.
The Citadel was notable for its absence at this pivotal moment in the history of the Flanaess, and their failure to take part in the Battle of Emridy Meadows contributed to the group's decline and eventual disbandment.
After dispersing the Horde of Elemental Evil, the allied forces laid siege to the Temple of Elemental Evil itself, defeating it within a fortnight.
Spellcasters loyal to the goodly army cooperated on a spell of sealing that bound the demoness Zuggtmoy (a major instigator in the Horde of Elemental Evil) to some of the deepest chambers in the castle's dungeons.
The Viscount of Verbobonc and the Archcleric of Veluna became increasingly concerned, and cooperated to build a small castle outside the Village of Hommlet to guard against the possibility of the Temple rising again.
For the next five years, Hommlet gained in wealth thanks to adventurers who came to the area seeking out remnants of evil to slay.
Things quieted down for another four years as the area returned to peace and normalcy, but in 578 CY evil began to stir again, with groups of bandits riding the roads.
The original printing featured an outer folder and a two-color cover; the book was reprinted in 1981 with a color cover.
Instead, the material for the sequel was combined in 1985 with the original T1 storyline and published as an integrated adventure bearing the module code T1-4.
The original printings of T1 featured monochrome cover art by David A. Trampier, who also contributed interior art along with David C. Sutherland III.
The 1981 and subsequent printings of T1 featured a new color cover painting by Jeff Dee surrounded by a lime green border.
The expanded T1-4 book from 1985 features cover art by Keith Parkinson and interior art by Jeff Butler, Clyde Caldwell, Jeff Easley, Larry Elmore, Parkinson, and Trampier.
The module was a 128-page book with a 16-page map booklet, and featured a cover by Keith Parkinson and interior illustrations by Jeff Butler, Clyde Caldwell, Jeff Easley, Larry Elmore, and Dave Trampier.
Griffis found it a very playable module, noting that the module could be very fun if run by a good DM.
It also oversees the registration of charities in Canada, and tax credit programmes such as the Scientific Research and Experimental Development Tax Credit Program.
The Canada Revenue Agency was known as the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) until a federal government reorganization in December 2003, when customs enforcement was moved into the Canada Border Services Agency, part of the Public Safety Canada portfolio.
The CCRA was short-lived, having been created in a November 1999 reorganization of the federal government, where it had been known for many years under its statutory name, the Department of National Revenue.
The Commissioner and Chief Executive Officer is the head of the agency and its Board of Management, consisting of 15 members, 11 of whom are nominated by the provinces and territories.
The head office is in Ottawa and is responsible for budgeting, planning, training of managers, rulings, reporting to the minister, and other high level functions.
Canada has 7 TC, including Jonquière Tax Centre, Shawinigan-Sud Tax Centre, St. John's Tax Centre, Sudbury Tax Centre, Summerside Tax Centre, Surrey Tax Centre, and Winnipeg Tax Centre.
Penalties are imposed if returns are filed late; any outstanding amounts owed are also subject to penalties and daily compounded interest, with no reprieve.
If a taxpayer disagrees with an assessment, they may file an appeal which may lead to challenging the assessment in tax court.
A legal representative of an estate of a deceased person may have to file a T3 return for the estate if it has properties that has not been distributed.
A partnership is not taxable entities for income tax purposes and its income is taxed in the hands of its partners.
Accountants and paid preparers usually use efile method, which requires registration with CRA and not available for individuals filing their own tax return.
If one has self-employed income, they could file the return by June 15, but the interest on their tax owing starts accruing after April 30.
If a tax return is audited and a larger tax bill is the result, the taxpayer is responsible, not the preparer.
Employees normally have income tax withheld on each paycheque by their employers, who remit the tax withheld together with payroll taxes to the CRA.
Once a tax return is filed, a tax refund will be available if the tax withheld or the instalments are more than tax owing calculated on the tax return.
If the tax return results in a balance due, it must be paid in full by the due date or interest will accrue daily.
If sales are less than $30k per year, a business may qualify as smaller suppliers, who are not required to register for GST/HST.
An employer is required to withhold income tax and payroll taxes, such as CPP & EI, and to remit the withheld amount to CRA monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on the amount of withholding.
By the end of every February, an employer is required to file a T4 return, that is, a T4 summary for total wages paid by the business, and T4 slips for wages paid to each employees, to CRA.
For example, CRA could use personal income tax refund to offset outstanding debts to BC medical program if so requested by the Province of BC.
The Canada Revenue Agency collects the Goods and Services Tax (GST) (the Canadian federal value added tax) of 5% in all provinces.
In Quebec, under an agreement with the federal government, Revenu Québec administers the GST to businesses, and administers Quebec's own Quebec Sales Tax (QST).
The Goods and Services Tax was introduced in 1991 at 7% added to the value of most sales of goods and services.
In Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia and Ontario the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been replaced by the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST).
In 2013, British Columbia removed HST after public protests against the newly taxed items under HST that were not taxed under the PST/GST system.
Most of the time, the outcome of an audit results in a reassessment, that is, a taxpayer under audit will get a tax bill.
A taxpayer under investigation is protected by Charter of Rights and could remain silent as it is up to the investigator to make the case and lay the charges.
Auditors have the right to examine the books and records of a taxpayer, examine the property in an inventory of a taxpayer, enter the taxpayer's premises or place of business, require the owner or manager of a property to give all reasonable assistance and to answer questions, and require a taxpayer or other person to provide information or documents.
TC conducts some very limited reviews of the tax returns filed, such as pre-assessment review of donations and tuition fees, post-assessment review of medical expenses and moving expenses.
Auditors working the SME (Small and Medium Enterprises), basic file, and large file programs conduct their audits in the fields, normally at the taxpayer's place of business.
Net Worth Audits: When an auditor feels as though they cannot rely upon the books and records of the taxpayer being audited, they can avail themselves of the Net Worth methodology.
In this method, rather than auditing the actual books and records of the taxpayer, the auditor calculates the difference between the taxpayer's net worth (assets less liabilities) at the beginning of the audit period and at the end of the audit period.
The auditor then adds to the change in net worth (an increase or decrease), the cost of living for the taxpayer for the period in question.
The sum of these two figures will be used by the auditor to determine the taxable income for the taxpayer over the audit period.
While this methodology is widely used, the CRA Auditor's manual indicates that it is a method of last resort, which should only be used in limited circumstances.
CRA is responsible for making CPP/EI rulings, that is, to determine whether any wages or payments are insurable under Canadian Pension Program and/or Employment Insurance program.
If a taxpayer does not file a tax return on time, CRA may first send a request, like a reminder, to the taxpayer asking them to file the outstanding return.
After that, a third letter, TX14D, could be issued, normally by registered mail, or could be delivered personally by a non-filer officer.
If a return is not filed after the computer-generated letters, such as TX11 and TX14, a non-filer officer could arbitrarily prepare a tax return for the taxpayer, normally generating a larger tax bill than what the taxpayer would expect.
If a non-filer officer determines that insufficient info is available for issuing an arbitrary assessment, they may refer the file to Investigations, who would then take the taxpayer to court.
In September 2019, the Canada Revenue Agency sent 900,000 financial records of Canadian residents to the Internal Revenue Service in the United States.
Taxpayers who believe the Canada Revenue Agency has not assessed the correct amount of tax may dispute the assessment by filing an objection.
The appeal officer has the discretion to negotiate a settlement, normally under the condition that the taxpayer will not appeal further to the tax court.
If, after the objection has been assessed, the taxpayer is still dissatisfied, an appeal may be made to the Tax Court of Canada within the permitted time.
The Tax Court examines the taxpayer's claim and evidence, then looks at the evidence and arguments made by the government before passing judgment.
Like any other Canadian court, Tax Court operates by treating each side of a dispute as equals while applying tax law, administrative law, constitutional law and the laws of evidence.
In the event the taxpayer feels there has been a clear error in assessment, he or she is encouraged to use the Tax Court of Canada as an accessible way of resolving disputes.
In addition, the taxpayer is not responsible for costs in relation to their opponent, but only for their costs related to their own defense.
If it is about a provincial tax, tax court could not deal with it and it has to be resolved in a provincial court.
If a taxpayer is still not happy about the tax court decision, they could take it to the federal court of appeals, or even further to the Supreme Court of Canada.
If the taxpayer is not satisfied with the way the first office handles it, they may escalate the complaint to the regional office, which investigates the complaint and contacts the taxpayer.
Today, the Taxpayer Bill of Rights contains sixteen rights, including the right for taxpayers to make complaints about the service they receive from the CRA.
The Taxpayers' Ombudsman is appointed by order in council with a mandate to assist, advise, and inform the Minister of National Revenue about any matter relating to services provided to a taxpayer by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA).
The Ombudsman upholds the eight taxpayer service rights in the Taxpayer Bill of Rights that are directly related to the services delivered by the CRA.
To uphold these rights, the Office of the Taxpayers' Ombudsman facilitates access to the available redress mechanisms for taxpayers and raises awareness of the role of the office and the Taxpayers' Ombudsman.
Each year, the Ombudsman releases an annual report that is presented to the Minister of National Revenue for presentation to Parliament.
If a taxpayers agree to a tax assessment but are unable to pay, they could request a remission order to CRA.
It gives CRA the direction to cancel some penalties and interest, to pay a personal income tax refund after 3 years of the tax return being assessed, and to accept late-filed elections.
CRA will exercise their discretion when late filing is caused by extraordinary circumstances, such as flood or earthquake, by CRA delay or error, or by financial hardship.
A taxpayer may request relief on a prescribed form or may elect use a letter instead provided the points raised on the form are all covered by the letter.
If the request is denied, a taxpayer could request a second review, which will be done by a higher rank official.
If the request is still denied, a taxpayer could request a judicial review of the decision in the federal court, not tax court.
If a taxpayer is not happy with the judicial review decision, they could take it to the federal court of appeals.
On February 8, 2015, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported that an internal survey determined that one of every four calls asking for help from the Canada Revenue Agency's call centres gets bad information in regards to business.
In 1961 Sheppard started a colony of scarlet tiger moths by the Wirral Way, West Kirby, Merseyside, which were rediscovered in 1988 by Cyril Clarke, who continued to observe them in his retirement to study changes in the moth population.
The ground was opened in May 1890 with a single grandstand on the western touchline, and initially included of a banked running track.
In 1935 a new 460-seat grandstand was built, and by World War II covered areas had been created on the east and southern sides of the ground.
On 27 November 1948 the ground's record attendance of 9,155 was set for an FA Cup first round replay against Hereford United.
On 14 September 1955 Aggborough Stadium became the first ground to host a floodlit FA Cup match, when they Brierley Hill Alliance in a preliminary round replay, with Kidderminster winning 4-2.
When Kidderminster won their first Conference title in 1994, Aggborough Stadium was not deemed to meet Football League standards and as a result Kidderminster were denied promotion to Division Three.
By the time Kidderminster won their second Conference title six years later, the ground had been upgraded to Football League standards and promotion was allowed.
William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891July 26, 1986), better known as Averell Harriman, was an American Democratic politician, businessman, and diplomat.
The son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman, he served as Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman and later as the 48th Governor of New York.
While attending Groton School and Yale University, he made contacts that led to creation of a banking firm that eventually merged into Brown Brothers Harriman & Co..
During the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harriman served in the National Recovery Administration and on the Business Advisory Council before moving into foreign policy roles.
After helping to coordinate the Lend-Lease program, Harriman served as the ambassador to the Soviet Union and attended the major World War II conferences.
He helped negotiate the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty during President John F. Kennedy's administration and was deeply involved in the Vietnam War during the Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson administrations.
After Johnson left office in 1969, Harriman affiliated with various organizations, including the Club of Rome and the Council on Foreign Relations.
Better known as Averell Harriman, he was born in New York City, the son of railroad baron Edward Henry Harriman and Mary Williamson Averell.
Young Harriman would have his first introduction to Russia, a nation on which he would spend a significant amount of attention in his later life in public service.
In 1931, it merged with Brown Bros. & Co. to create the highly successful Wall Street firm Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Harriman's main properties included Brown Brothers & Harriman & Co, Union Pacific Railroad, Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation, and venture capital investments that included the Polaroid Corporation.
Harriman's associated properties included the Southern Pacific Railroad (including the Central Pacific Railroad), Illinois Central Railroad, Wells Fargo & Co., the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., American Ship & Commerce, Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktiengesellschaft (HAPAG), the American Hawaiian Steamship Co., United American Lines, the Guaranty Trust Company, and the Union Banking Corporation.
He served as Chairman of The Business Council, then known as the Business Advisory Council for the United States Department of Commerce in 1937 and 1939.
Harriman's older sister, Mary Rumsey, encouraged Averell to leave his finance job and work with her and their friends, the Roosevelts, to advance the goals of the New Deal.
Following the death of August Belmont Jr., in 1924, Harriman, George Walker, and Joseph E. Widener purchased much of Belmont's thoroughbred breeding stock.
Of the partnership's successful runners purchased from the August Belmont estate, Ladkin is best remembered for defeating the European star Epinard in the International Special.
Harriman's banking business was the main Wall Street connection for German companies and the varied U.S. financial interests of Fritz Thyssen; who was a financial backer of the Nazi party until 1938.
The Trading With the Enemy Act (enacted on October 6, 1917) classified any business transactions for profit with enemy nations as illegal, and any funds or assets involved were subject to seizure by the U.S. government.
The declaration of war on the U.S. by Hitler led to the U.S. government order on October 20, 1942 to seize German interests in the U.S. which included Harriman's operations in New York City.
The assets were held by the government for the duration of the war, then returned afterward; UBC was dissolved in 1951.
Harriman, who owned vast coal reserves in Poland, was handsomely compensated for them through an agreement between the American and Polish governments.
Beginning in the spring of 1941, Harriman served President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a special envoy to Europe and helped coordinate the Lend-Lease program.
He was present at the meeting between FDR and Winston Churchill at Placentia Bay, in August 1941, which yielded the Atlantic Charter.
It was a common declaration of principles of the United States and the UK; It was eventually endorsed by all of the Allies.
Harriman was subsequently dispatched to Moscow to negotiate the terms of the Lend-Lease agreement with the Soviet Union in September 1941 together with the Canadian millionaire Lord Beaverbrook who represented Great Britain.
Harriman tended to follow Beaverbrook's argument that since Germany had committed 3 million men to the invasion of the Soviet Union and hence the Soviets were doing the bulk of the fighting against the Third Reich, it was in the best interests of the Western powers to do everything to assist the Soviet Union.
The decision to aid the Soviet Union was taken against the advice of the U.S. ambassador in Moscow, Laurence Steinhardt, who right from the moment that Operation Barbarossa started on 22 June 1941 had been sending cables predicating the Soviet Union would be rapidly defeated and that any American aid would thus be wasted.
Likewise, General George Marshall was advising President Roosevelt that it was inevitable that Germany would crush the Soviet Union and predicated that the Wehrmacht would reach Lake Baikal by the end of 1941.
The most important result of the Beaverbrook-Harriman mission to Moscow was their conclusion which was accepted by both Churchill and Roosevelt that the Soviet Union would not collapse by the end of 1941, and that if even the Soviet Union was defeated in 1942, keeping Soviet Russia fighting would impose major losses on the Wehrmacht which would only benefit the United States and Great Britain.
Harriman has been subsequently criticized for not imposing preconditions on American aid to the Soviet Union, but the American historian Gerhard Weinberg has defended him on this point, arguing that in 1941 it was Germany, not the Soviet Union, which represented the main danger to the United States.
Furthermore, Joseph Stalin told Harriman that he refuse American aid if preconditions were attached, leaving Harriman with no alternatives on the issue.
In addition, he pointed out the defeat of the Soviet Union would free up 3 million men of the Wehrmacht for operations elsewhere while allowing Hitler to shift money and resources from his army to his navy, which could potentially threaten the United States.
Determined to win over the doubtful American public, he used his own funds to purchase time on CBS radio to explain the program in terms of enlightened self-interest.
For over a year, the British alone had borne the brunt of Nazi attacks; for their own self-preservation they wanted to keep Russia as a fighting ally.
In those early days of the war, he was fearful that we would eventually be drawn into the conflict, yet he still hoped that our participation could be limited to air and naval forces with a minimum of ground troops.
We are all, to a considerable extent, the product of our experience: Roosevelt had a particular horror of the trench warfare of World War I and he wanted above all to prevent that fate from again befalling American fighting men.
The Beaverbrook-Harriman mission promised that the United States and Great Britain would supply the Soviet Union every month with 500 tanks and 400 air planes, plus tin, copper, and zinc.
In 1941, a team of officers led by General Albert Wedemeyer on behalf of General Marshal drew up the Victory Program, whose premise was that the Soviet Union would be defeated that year, and that to defeat Germany would require the United States to raise by the summer of 1943 a force of 215 divisions comprising 8.7 million men.
The Harriman-Beaverbrook mission, whose more optimistic appraisal of Soviet fighting power ran contrary to the more pessimistic assessment, challenged one of the basic assumptions of the Victory Program.
The Victory Program with its call for a 215-division army plus men for the Army Air Corps, the Navy and the Marines which would require massive amounts of equipment, leading to what was known as the Feasibility Dispute within different departments of the government.
To build the necessary weapons for such a massive force would require the government to essentially end all civilian production within the U.S, which was estimated would cause a 60% reduction in living standards.
In the summer of 1942, Harriman accompanied Churchill to the Moscow Conference to explain to Stalin why the western allies were carrying out operations in North Africa instead of opening the promised second front in France.
The meeting was a difficult one with Stalin openly accusing Churchill to his face of lying to him and suggested that the British would not open a second front in Europe because of cowardice, sarcastically saying that the recent defeats suffered by the British 8th Army in North Africa showed much brave the British were against the Wehrmacht.
Harriman had spent much time after the meeting at the Kremlin reminding Churchill that the Allies needed the Soviet Union and to try not to take Stalin's remarks too personally, saying the fate of the world was hanging in balance.
Harriman, who thoroughly enjoyed living in London, did not want to be U.S ambassador in Moscow and only reluctantly accepted the assignment in October 1943 after Roosevelt told him that he was the only man he wanted in Moscow.
Besides for the fact that Harriman regarded London, even in wartime as a more glamorous city than Moscow, his reluctance to leave London was due to his unwillingness to part with his mistress, Pamela Churchill, the wife of Randolph Churchill.
Through Harriman was one of the richest men in the United States, running a vast business empire comprising investments in railroads, aviation, banks, utilities, shipbuilding, oil production, steel manufacturing, and resorts, this in fact endeared him to the Soviets whom believed he represented American capitalist ruling class.
Stalin viewed the United States through a Marxist prism, which saw American Big Business as the puppeteers and American politicians as the puppets.
At a three power conference in Moscow that took place between 19–30 October 1943, Harriman played a major role in representing United States as part of the American delegation headed by Secretary of State Cordell Hull while the Soviet delegation was headed by the Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov and the British delegation headed by the Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden.
As long as the Soviet Union was engaged in the war against Germany, they not did wish to antagonize Japan with whom they had signed a neutrality agreement with in 1941, and the Soviets objected that having Foo Ping Shen, the Chinese ambassador to Moscow, sign the proposed Four Power Declaration would cause tensions with Tokyo.
Eventually, after much patient diplomacy, Harriman won out, and a Four Power declaration was signed on 30 October 1943 by Hull, Eden, Molotov and Foo stating that the four permanent members of the United Nations Security Council would be the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and China.
Besides for the Four Power declaration, the other issues at the Moscow conference were whether the United States would recognize the French National Committee of Liberation headed by General Charles de Gaulle as the French government-in-exile.
At Moscow, the Americans very reluctantly agreed to Eden's insistence that they extend some recognition to de Gaulle, through the Americans still refused to grant him full recognition, a matter which contributed much to de Gaulle's subsequent anti-Americanism.
The question of whom the legitimate government of France was posed a major potential problem since the next year Operation Overlord, the invasion of France, was scheduled to take place.
Nothing infuriated de Gaulle more than the implication that the Americans would not hand over France to his National Committee after the liberation.
Tensions between Great Britain and the Soviet Union over the Arctic supply convoys were eased while the difficulties over supplies coming over Iran were left unresolved despite Harriman's best efforts at playing mediator.
All of the delegations at the Moscow conference agreed that Germany was to be permanently disarmed after the war, which led to the question of whatever Germany should be also deindustrialized as well in order to ensure that Germany would never be able to build military weapons again; no consensus was reached over this issue.
The question of what Germany's borders were to be after the war was left unresolved, through everybody at the conference agreed that Germany was going to lose territory with the only question being just how much.
The communique in Moscow which announced that war crimes trials were going to be held after the war was intended primarily as a deterrent to those German officials presently engaged in war crimes as it was hoped that the prospect of facing a hangman's noose after the war might change their behavior.
As for Italy, it was agreed that the Soviet Union was to sent a representative to the Allied Control Commission which governed the liberated parts of Italy and Italy was to pay reparations to the Soviet Union in the form of ships as much of the Italian merchant marine was to be handed over to the Soviet Union.
No agreement was reached over the question of the Soviet Union's borders after the war with the Soviets insisting that their post-war borders should be exactly where they were on 21 June 1941, a point that the American delegation and to a lesser extent British delegation resisted.
At the Tehran Conference in late 1943 Harriman was tasked with placating a suspicious Churchill while Roosevelt attempted to gain the confidence of Stalin.
Churchill was intent on maintaining Britain's empire and carving the postwar world into spheres of influence while the United States upheld the principles of self-determination as laid out in the Atlantic Charter.
Harriman mistrusted the Soviet leader's motives and intentions and opposed the spheres approach as it would give Stalin a free hand in eastern Europe.
At the Tehran conference, Molotov finally promised Harriman what he long sought, namely that after Germany was defeated, the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan.
Harriman felt that this was a mistake, as he regarded Roosevelt's statement that of course the Polish government have to accept the loss of this territory as being virtually agreeing to allow the Soviets to impose any government they wanted on Poland as it was unlikely that the Polish government-in-exile would agree.
At the same time, Harriman was jolted when Molotov admitted to him that had been attempts at arranging a separate German-Soviet peace which would leave the Western Allies to face the full force of the Wehrmacht earlier in 1943, but that the Soviets had rejected the peace overtures.
The way in which Molotov phrased his account implied to Harriman that in the future the Soviets might be more receptive to such peace offers, which Harriman regarded as an attempt at blackmail.
For the rest of 1944, Harriman pressed Molotov to bring the head of the Soviet Far Eastern Air Force to Moscow to open staff talks with the U.S military mission about establishing American air bases in either the Vladivostok area or in Kamchatka to allow American aircraft to bomb Japan.
Molotov refused to make any firm commitments about allowing American bombers to strike Japan from air bases in the Soviet Union.
Another major concern of the Roosevelt administration was in ensuring that the Chinese civil war did not resume with the end of World War II, and as such, the Americans sought a coalition government between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang.
In connection with this, Harriman met Stalin on 10 June 1944 to get from him a rather generalized statement declaring his support for Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as China's only leader and a promise that he would use his influence with Mao Zedong to pressure him to recognize Chiang.
In the summer of 1944, Stalin promised Harriman that the Americans would be allowed to use air bases in the Soviet Far East to bomb Japan, but only if the Americans supplied the Soviet Air Force with hundreds of four engine bombers.
When Harriman protested it was impossible to include the Soviet Union in the plans for victory over Japan until the Soviets opened staff talks, Stalin assented.
In early October 1944, the commanders of military forces in the Soviet Far East arrived in Moscow to begin staff talks with General John Deanne of the U.S. military mission.
At the same time, Stalin informed Harriman that Soviet entry into the war against Japan would require American approval of certain political conditions about the future of Manchuria, a point about which he did not elaborate upon.
On 14 December 1944, Stalin spelled out to Harriman what these political conditions were, namely that the Soviet Union be allowed to lease the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the ports on the Liaotung peninsula and for China to recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia.
In a thinly veiled threat, Stalin boasted to Harriman that the flat open plains of Manchuria and northern China were the perfect country for Soviet combined arms operations, expressing much confidence that the Red Army would have no difficulty defeating the Kwantung Army and that all of northern China would be under Soviet control once the Soviets declared war on Japan.
Essentially, Stalin was saying the Soviets would take whatever they wanted in China, regardless if they had an agreement with the United States or not.
Harriman also attended the Yalta Conference, where he encouraged taking a stronger line with the Soviet Union—especially on questions of Poland.
The American delegation at the Yalta conference stayed at the luxurious Livadia Palace overlooking the Black Sea, and Harriman was given a room of his own to stay, a sign of presidential favor as most of the American delegation had to sleep five men to a room owing to a surplus of delegates and a lack of space in the Livadia Palace.
The Livadia palace had been built in 1910-11 as a summer residence for the Emperor Nicholas II and his family, and was designed to house only 61 people, hence the presence of a 215-strong American delegation literally overwhelmed its facilities.
The Livadia palace had only six toilets, one of which was reserved exclusively for the president, which made for some discomfort as the American delegation numbered 215 people.
During the meeting, it was agreed that the Kuriles islands and the southern half of Sahkalin island were to be annexed by the Soviets.
Without consulting Chiang, Roosevelt agreed to the Soviet demands for a role in managing the port of Dairen and to own Chinese Eastern Railroad, through with the regard to the former he felt that Dairen should be internationalized.
Once Molotov presented a draft note to Harriman about the future of Manchuria, Harriman complained that the Soviet draft stated the Soviet Union would lease both Dairen and Port Arthur and manage not only the Chinese Eastern Railroad, but the South Manchuria Railroad as well.
Harriman objected, stating that Roosevelt wanted the ports on the Liaotung peninsula to be internationalized, not leased by the Soviet Union and for the Manchurian railroads to be run jointly by a Sino-Soviet commission instead of being owned by the Soviet Union.
Molotov agreed to Harriman's amendments, but when Churchill expressed his approval of Stalin's request for the Soviets to have a naval base at Port Arthur, the latter told Harriman that internationalization would not be possible for Port Arthur.
The final draft called for the internationalization of Dairen with a leading role reserved for the Soviet Union; the Soviets to have a naval base at Port Arthur; a Sino-Soviet commission to run the railroads of Manchuria; and China to recognize Outer Mongolia.
Specifically, the Americans were backing on the British call to recognize France as one of the great powers of the post-war world and to allow the French to have an occupation zone in Germany.
Through Stalin had been opposed to de Gaulle's claims for the French to have an occupation zone in Germany, the Anglo-American front on this issue, which was relatively unimportant to him, led him to tell Harriman that now agreed on a four-power occupation of Germany.
On 11 February 1945, the conference ended and Harriman went with Roosevelt on a drive in his Packard limousine through the Crimea, at the time a war devastated peninsula almost devoid of human life.
On 12 February 1945, Harriman saw Roosevelt, his friend since childhood, for the last time, as he boarded a C-54 airplane at Saki airfield to take him to Egypt.
At the Yalta conference, it was agreed that American prisoners captured by the Germans and liberated by the Soviets were to immediately repatriated to American forces.
The fact that the Soviets made many difficulties about fulfilling this promise such as not allowing American officers into Poland to contact American POWs there led to frequent clashes between Harriman and Molotov, and contributed much to Harriman's increasing negative feelings about the Soviet Union.
Although the new president, Harry Truman, was receptive to Harriman's anti-Soviet hard line advice, the new secretary of state, James Byrnes, managed to sideline him.
While in Berlin, he noted the tight security imposed by Soviet military authorities and the beginnings of a program of reparations by which the Soviets were stripping out German industry.
From April to October 1946, he was ambassador to Britain, but he was soon appointed to become United States Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman to replace Henry A. Wallace, a critic of Truman's foreign policies.
Harriman was then sent to Tehran in July 1951 to mediate between Iran and Britain in the wake of the Iranian nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.
Harriman was a candidate for the Democratic Presidential Nomination in 1952, and again in 1956 when he was endorsed by Truman but lost (both times) to Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson.
In January 1961, he was appointed Ambassador at Large in the Kennedy administration, a position he held until November, when he became Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs.
In 1961, at the suggestion of Ambassador Charles W. Yost Harriman represented President Kennedy at the funeral of King Mohammed V of Morocco.
During this period he advocated U.S. support of a neutral government in Laos and helped to negotiate the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963.
In December 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn defected from the Soviet Union and accused Harriman of being a Soviet spy, but his claims were dismissed by the CIA and Harriman remained in his position until April 1963, when he became Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
He retained that position during the transition to the Johnson administration until March 1965 when he again became Ambassador at Large.
Corson said Kenny O'Donnell, JFK's appointments secretary, was convinced that the National Security Advisor, McGeorge Bundy, followed the orders of Harriman rather than the president.
Corson also claimed that O'Donnell was particularly concerned about Michael Forrestal, a young White House staffer who handled liaison on Vietnam with Harriman.
However, it is alleged that the orders that ended in the deaths of Diem and his brother actually originated with Harriman and were carried out by Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.'s military assistant.
On 15 October 1969, Harriman was a featured speaker at the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam protest march in New York.
Harriman was appointed senior member of the US Delegation to the United Nations General Assembly's Special Session on Disarmament in 1978.
He was also a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy Charter, Club of Rome, Council on Foreign Relations, Knights of Pythias, Skull and Bones society, Psi Upsilon fraternity, and the Jupiter Island club.
About a year after his divorce from Lawrence, he married Marie Norton Whitney (1903–1970), who had left her husband, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, to marry him.
She and her husband later donated many of the works she bought and collected, including those of the artist Walt Kuhn, to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
In 1971, he married for the third and final time to Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward (1920–1997), the former wife of Winston Churchill's son Randolph, and widow of Broadway producer Leland Hayward.
Harriman and Pamela Churchill had had an affair during the War in 1941 which led to the breakdown of her marriage to Randolph Churchill.
It is located on an 11,000-acre (45 km2) wildlife refuge in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and is home to an abundance of elk, moose, sandhill cranes, trumpeter swans, and the occasional black or grizzly bear.
The land was deeded to Idaho for free in 1977 by Roland and W. Averell Harriman, whose insistence that the state have a professional park managing service helped prompt the creation of the Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation in 1965.
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus mountains.
Presently, Bad Homburg is again one of the wealthiest towns in Germany (with the Hochtaunuskreis and the Landkreis Starnberg regularly competing for the title of the wealthiest district in Germany).
The excavations showed that there was not any evidence of settlement between the beginning of the Christian Era and the 13th century.
It seems that the historical record which mentions Wortwin (or Ortwin) von Hohenberch as Homburg's founder, as a documentary witness in Eberbach, about 1180 is the first good evidence of the town's existence.
Investigations using methods from natural science (carbon-14 dating and micromorphological analysis) will show whether the dating can be made more precise.
With the beginning of the spa industry in the town during the mid-19th century, which profited greatly from its casino, the town became an internationally famous spa town.
The first spa building and the first casino in Homburg were built during 1841–1842 by the brothers François (1806–1877) and Louis Blanc (1806–1852), who later owned the Monte Carlo Casino.
Not far away stands the Russian Chapel—- more properly called All Hallows' Church—- an Eastern Orthodox church the first stone of which was laid in the Russian Imperial couple's presence on 16 October 1896, although they did not attend when it was consecrated almost three years later.
During 1335, permission was given by Emperor Louis IV to Gottfried von Eppstein to settle 10 Jews in each of the localities of Eppstein, Homburg, and Steinheim; it is uncertain, however, whether any Jews settled in Homburg at that time.
Evidence for the existence of a permanent Jewish settlement in Homburg is found only at the beginning of the 16th century.
The community continued to grow so rapidly that during 1703 the landgrave Frederick II of Hesse decided on the construction of a special Judengasse (Jewish quarter).
The Jewish community of Homburg was originally part of the jurisdiction of the rabbinate of Friedberg but began to appoint its own rabbis during the 19th century.
A Hebrew printing house was located in Homburg by Seligmann ben Hirz Reis during 1710 until 1713 when he relocated to Offenbach am Main.
The Jewish population numbered 604 (7.14% of the total population) during 1865, declining to 379 in 1910 (2.64%), and 300 during 1933.
While the spa business experienced a long-term decrease after the two world wars, the town gained importance by becoming the site for headquarters of various authorities and administrative bodies.
On 30 November 1989, one of its members, Alfred Herrhausen, the manager of the Deutsche Bank, was killed and his driver was injured by a car bomb in Bad Homburg.
Bad Homburg's civic coat of arms was granted during 1903 but is said to date from the 15th century on the basis of seals known from that time, although they show a saltire rather than the two adzes seen today (the saltire might be two unclear adzes).
Because freestanding rocks of sufficient size are rare, such edifices are usually hewn into the ground or into the side of a hill or mountain.
The medieval monolithic churches of this 12th-century 'New Jerusalem' are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village.
This practice was very common in Tigray, where the outside world knew of only a few such churches until the Catholic priest Abba Tewelde Medhin Josief presented a paper to the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies in which he announced the existence of over 120 churches, 90 of which were still in use.
Despite Dr. Josief's death soon after his presentation, research over the next few years raised the total number of these rock-hewn churches to 153, particularly in the districts Kola Tembien, Degua Tembien, Hawzen and Sa'esa Tsada Amba.
Their precise ages are not well defined but the majority were probably carved during the reigns of the emperors Dawit II (ca.
1380–1413 CE) and Zer’a Ya’iqob (1434–1468), and some possibly earlier when Anbessa Wudim (legendary date: 10th C.) or Yekuno Amlak (1270–1285) were in power.
According to local belief excavation of the churches was started by a group of missionaries known as the ‘Nine Saints’, who arrived in Ethiopia from the Mediterranean region during the fifth or sixth century.
Together with their Ethiopian followers these missionaries inspired a long tradition of monasticism, promoting isolation in remote and highly inaccessible locations such as those in which the rock-hewn churches are found.
Although the churches differ in design and structure, most consist basically of halls with a basilica architecture that includes three naves and a vestibule, pillars, vast ceilings, archways, and domes.
He enlisted in the Navy when he was 17, and after being honorably discharged, he sought a career as an actor.
Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Majeerteen Sultanate and the Sultanate of Hobyo, the territory was later acquired in the 1880s by Italy through various treaties.
Italian Somaliland then came under British military administration until 1949, when it became a United Nations trusteeship, the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration.
On July 1, 1960, the Trust Territory of Somaliland united as scheduled with the former British Somaliland protectorate to form the Somali Republic.
The European powers (Italy, Great Britain and France) first gained a foothold in Somalia through the signing of various pacts and agreements with the Somali Sultans that then controlled the region, such as Yusuf Ali Kenadid, Boqor Osman Mahamuud and Mohamoud Ali Shire.
At the end of the 19th century, a growing social-political movement developed within Italy to start expanding its influence, since many other European countries had already been doing so, which was effectively leaving Italy behind.
It is also argued by some historians that Italy had a minor interest in the mutton and livestock that were then plentiful in Somalia, though whatever designs Italy may have had on the resource-challenged Somali landscape were undoubtedly subordinate to its interest in the region's ports and the waters and lands to which they provided access.
In late 1888, Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his Sultanate of Hobyo an Italian protectorate.
Both rulers had entered into the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist goals, with Sultan Kenadid looking to use Italy's support in his ongoing power struggle with Boqor Osman over the Majeerteen Sultanate, as well as in a separate conflict with the Hiraab Sultanate over an area to the north of Warsheikh.
In signing the agreements, the rulers also hoped to exploit the rival objectives of the European imperial powers so as to more effectively assure the continued independence of their territories.
The Italians, for their part, were interested in the largely arid territory mainly because of its ports, the latter of which could grant them access to the strategically important Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden.
An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Baran fell under the Majeerteen Sultanate's administration.
The British retained control of the southern half of the partitioned Jubaland territory, which was later called the Northern Frontier District (NFD).
In January 1887 Italian troops from Somalia fought a battle against Ras Alula Engida's militia in Dogali, Eritrea, where they lost 500 troops.
Italy gained control of the ports of the Benadir coastal area with the concession of a small strip of land on the coast from the Sultan of Zanzibar, and over the following decades, Italian settlement was encouraged.
In 1905, Italy assumed the responsibility of creating a colony in southern Somalia, after several failed attempts, following revelations that the Benadir Company had tolerated or collaborated in the perpetuation of the slave trade.
The civil governor controlled export rights, regulated the rate of exchange, raised or lowered native taxes, and administered all civil services and matters relating to hunting, fishing, and conservation.
Between 1911 and 1912, over 1,000 Somalis from Mogadishu served as combat units along with Eritrean and Italian soldiers in the Italo-Turkish War.
Most of the troops stationed never returned home until they were transferred back to Italian Somaliland in preparation for the invasion of Ethiopia in 1935.
After the collapse of Muhammad Abdullah Hassan's Dervish movement, rebellion and revolt occurred, with disputes arising between different clans in Northern Somalia.
On December 5, 1923, Cesare Maria De Vecchi di Val Cismon was named Governor in charge of the new colonial administration.
Following an examination of the layout of the land, the Italians began new local infrastructure projects, including the construction of hospitals, farms and schools.
The relationship between the Sultanate of Hobyo and Italy soured when Sultan Kenadid refused the Italians' proposal to allow a British contingent of troops to disembark in his Sultanate so that they might then pursue their battle against the Somali religious and nationalist leader Muhammad Abdullah Hassan's Dervish forces.
However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians.
Italian colonial policy followed two principles in Italian Somaliland: preservation of the dominant clan and ethnic configurations and respect for Islam as the territory's religion.
In the early 1930s, the new Italian Governors, Guido Corni and Maurizio Rava, started a policy of assimilation of the Somalis.
King Victor Emmanuel III would also travel to the territory, arriving on 3 November that same year, accompanied by Emilio de Bono, after a non-stop flight from Rome.
He viewed himself less as an invader than as a liberator of the occupied Somali territories, including the Ogaden region, to which the Ethiopian Empire laid claim.
During World War II, these troops were regarded as a wing of the Italian Army's Infantry Division, as was the case in Libya and Eritrea.
The Zaptié were considered the best: they provided a ceremonial escort for the Italian Viceroy (Governor) as well as the territorial police.
In 1941, in Italian Somaliland and Ethiopia, 2,186 Zaptìé plus an additional 500 recruits under training officially constituted a part of the Carabinieri.
They were organised into a battalion commanded by Major Alfredo Serranti that defended (Ethiopia) for three months until this military unit was destroyed by the Allies.
The colony was also one of the most developed in Africa in terms of the standard of living of the colonists and of the local inhabitants, mainly in the urban areas.
However, until the summer of 1943, there was an Italian guerrilla war in all the areas of the former Italian East Africa.
Faced with growing Italian political pressure inimical to continued British tenure and Somali aspirations for independence, the Somalis and the British came to see each other as allies.
The first modern Somali political party, the Somali Youth Club (SYC), was subsequently established in Mogadishu in 1943; it was later renamed the Somali Youth League (SYL).
Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali (HDMS) party served as the principal opposition to the right, although its platform was generally in agreement with that of the SYL.
Although the Italian leadership believed were unsure where the British army would land first, Operation Canvas, to capture southern Somalia occurred first in January 1941, whereas the subsequent attempt to capture British Somaliland happened two months later in Operation Appearance.
In 1949, when the British military administration ended, Italian Somaliland became a United Nations trusteeship known as the Trust Territory of Somaliland.
Under Italian administration, this trust territory lasted ten years, from 1950 to 1960, with legislative elections held in 1956 and 1959.
During the 1950s, with UN funds pouring in and the presence of experienced Italian administrators who had come to see the region as their home, infrastructural and educational development blossomed in the region.
In the 1956 parliamentary election, the Somali Youth League would win 54.29% of votes versus 26.01% for the nearest party, the Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali.
The SYL would also earn 416 of the 663 seats in the 1958 municipal election, with the HDMS securing 175 seats.
By the 1959 parliamentary election, SYL would capture an even greater share of votes by winning 75.58% of the total ballot.
Italian was an official language in Italian Somaliland during the Fiduciary Mandate, as well as in the first years of independence.
On July 1, 1960, the Trust Territory of Somaliland (the former Italian Somaliland) and the former British Somaliland united to form the Somali Republic (Somalia), with Mogadishu as the nation's capital.
A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President of the Somali Republic, and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967–1969).
On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960.
But gradually, the two agents developed romantic feelings for each other as they worked closely together to bring down this corrupt espionage organization.
When Sydney was apparently killed in a fire a few months later, a heartbroken Vaughn left the CIA and found work as a French teacher.
Once he discovered that Sydney was still alive, Vaughn returned to the CIA and quickly saw his feelings for her reignite, a fact that caused a great deal of tension in his marriage to Lauren.
Eventually, it was revealed that Lauren was a double agent for The Covenant and that Lauren seduced him in order to gain information on Sydney.
He eventually captures Lauren and she tells him that she fell in love with him, but then Sydney came back and he didn't need her anymore.
Her 'confession' is ambiguous as she does appear to have developed feelings for Vaughn, as is evident by her reaction to Sark's earlier observation that it killed her when Michael dropped his gun, which was trained on her, to save Sydney.
This act continued to haunt him into the fourth season even though he shot Lauren to prevent her from killing Sydney.
Following Lauren's demise (and between the third and fourth seasons), Vaughn appeared to go into an emotional tailspin that culminated with him setting fire to his own house.
He went through a month of psych evaluations before informing his best friend and fellow agent Eric Weiss of his resignation from the CIA.
In reality, Vaughn had been recruited into a black ops division of the CIA called Authorized Personnel Only (APO), along with Sydney, Jack, and Marcus Dixon (Weiss and Marshall Flinkman would soon follow).
One of his new duties was to keep an eye on Arvin Sloane, who had been appointed director of APO despite his long history of criminal activities as the head of SD-6.
The first season established that Michael Vaughn's father was one of several CIA agents killed in the line of duty by Irina Derevko, Sydney's mother.
Bill Vaughn's death was questioned in season four after Vaughn found a journal apparently written by his father with entries dated three years after his death in 1979.
However, he returned to APO after discovering his father really was dead and that the journal entries had been part of a ruse devised by Elena Derevko.
At the end of the fourth season Vaughn proposed to Sydney and the two took their long-delayed vacation to Santa Barbara.
During this car ride he confessed that his real name was not Michael Vaughn and implied that his first allegiance was not to the CIA.
He is thought to be a traitor when he is recovered, and reveals his real name as André Michaux; his father was actually a mathematician associated with a group known as Prophet Five.
Seven years ago, he had been approached by a woman named Renée Rienne, whose father worked with Vaughn's at Prophet Five, and has since worked with her to uncover more information about the group.
Vaughn and the disguised Espinosa find that Vaughn had a chip similar to the one inside Renée, his father claiming that the scar was from a bike accident.
Just as he finds the bunker, Espinosa attempts to shoot him, but finds that Vaughn knew of the deception and gave her an unloaded gun.
In the ensuing scuffle, just as Espinosa attempts to shoot him with a new gun, the real Sydney sneaks up behind her and shoots her.
In the next episode, it is revealed that Jack told Vaughn while he was in the hospital that Prophet Five would stop at nothing to silence him, and that Vaughn was in no position to fight back.
Jack gave Vaughn sodium morphate, a drug that slows the heart to mimic death, and Vaughn's body was picked up by one of Jack's contacts and he was shipped off to Nepal.
In the series finale, Vaughn participates in a wide variety of missions to bring about the fall of Prophet Five, Sloane and Irina.
The book is written in a humorous style, interspersed with more serious discussions of matters relating to the trail's history, and the surrounding sociology, ecology, trees, plants, animals and people.
He and his old friend Stephen Katz start hiking the trail from Georgia in the south, and stumble in the beginning with the difficulties of getting used to their equipment; Bryson also soon realizes how difficult it is to travel with his friend, who is a crude, overweight recovering alcoholic, and even less prepared for the ordeal than he is.
After hiking for what seemed to him a large distance, they realize they have still barely begun while in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and that the whole endeavor is simply too much for them.
This section of the hike finally ends (after nearly 800 miles (1,300 km) of hiking) with Bryson going on a book tour and Katz returning to Des Moines, Iowa, to work.
In the following months Bryson continues to hike several smaller parts of the trail, including a visit to Centralia, Pennsylvania, the site of a coal seam fire, and eventually reunites with Katz to hike the Hundred-Mile Wilderness in Maine, which again proves too daunting.
The fact that Bryson did not complete the trail is not surprising, since fewer than 25% of through-hike attempts are successful; he quotes the older figure of 10%.
In 2005, Robert Redford announced, and later confirmed, that he would star in and produce an adaptation of Bryson's book into a film, and that he would play Bryson.
He also hoped that his erstwhile co-star and friend, Paul Newman, would team up with him to play the role of Katz, although he jokingly expressed doubt as to whether the health-conscious Newman would consider putting on enough weight to accurately portray the rotund Katz (Newman retired from acting in May 2007 and died in 2008).
In February 2012, it was reported that novelist Richard Russo, during a speech at Union College, confirmed that he was working on the screenplay.
The screenplay was by Michael Arndt, credited as Rick Kerb, and Bill Holderman, who is a producer at Redford's Wildwood Enterprises.
The movie was largely filmed at Amicalola Falls State Park, in Dawsonville, Georgia, including scenes at The Lodge at Amicalola Falls.
The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2015, and was released in theaters on September 2, 2015, by Broad Green Pictures.
The complex nature of Quebec's linguistic situation, with individuals who are often bilingual or multilingual, requires the use of multiple terms in order to describe the languages which people speak.
English-speaking Quebecers are a large population in the Greater Montreal Area, where they have built a well-established network of educational, social, economic, and cultural institutions.
Overall in the province the proportion of native English speakers dropped significantly between 1951 and 2001, from 13.8% to 8% in 2001, while it has since stabilized.
On the island of Montreal, the francophone majority dropped to 46.96% by 2011, a net decline since the 1970s owing to francophone outmigration to more affluent suburbs in Laval and the South Shore (fr.
According to the 2011 census, the rate of bilingualism (the percentage of the population that said they had knowledge of both English and French) is at 42.6 per cent in 2011, up from 40.6 per cent in 2006.
At 1.74 children per woman, Quebec's 2008 fertility rate was above the Canada-wide rate of 1.59, and had increased for five consecutive years.
Although Quebec is home to only 23.9% of the population of Canada, the number of international adoptions in Quebec is the highest of all provinces of Canada.
Under the Canada-Quebec Accord, Quebec has sole responsibility for selecting most immigrants destined to the province (see related article, Immigration to Canada).
The numbers of French-speaking Quebecers leaving the province tend to be similar to the number entering, while immigrants to Quebec are more likely to leave.
There are two sets of language laws in Quebec, which overlap and in various areas conflict or compete with each other: the laws passed by the Parliament of Canada and the laws passed by the National Assembly of Quebec.
Since 1982, both parliaments have had to comply with the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which constitutionalized a number of fundamental human rights and educational rights of minorities in all provinces (education is a provincial jurisdiction in Canada).
Ontario and Quebec are both required to finance schools for their principal religious minorities (Roman Catholic in Ontario, Protestant in Quebec), but only in Quebec is the minority almost completely composed of speakers of the minority language.
In 1997, an amendment to the constitution allowed for Quebec to replace its system of denominational school boards with a system of linguistic school boards.
The federal language law and regulations seek to make it possible for all Canadian anglophone and francophone citizens to obtain services in the language of their choice from the federal government.
Although Quebec currently respects most of the constitutional rights of its anglophone minority, it took a series of court challenges to enforce.
The second column starting on the left shows the number of native speakers of each language, the third shows the number of speakers using it at home.
The fourth column shows the difference between the number of speakers according to home language and those who speak it as mother tongue.
Until the 1960s, the francophone majority of Quebec had only very weak assimilation power and, indeed, did not seek to assimilate non-francophones.
Although the quantity of non-francophones adopted French throughout history, the pressure and, indeed, consensus from French-language and English-language institutions was historically towards the anglicization, not francization, of allophones in Quebec.
Only a high fertility rate allowed the francophone population to keep increasing in absolute numbers in spite of assimilation and emigration.
In the early 1960s, with the rise of irreligion, the fertility rate of the Quebecois began declining in a manner consistent with most Western societies, and some in Quebec's francophone majority feared the beginning of a demographic collapse: unlike the anglophone sphere, the francophone sphere was not assimilating allophones, and lower fertility rates were therefore much more determinative.
Quebec's language legislation has tried to address this since the 1960s when, as part of the Quiet Revolution, French Canadians chose to move away from Church domination and towards a stronger identification with state institutions as development instruments for their community.
Instead of repelling non-Catholic immigrants from the French-language public school system and towards the Protestant-run English system, for instance, immigrants would now be encouraged to attend French-language schools.
After almost 30 years of enforcement of the Charter of the French Language, approximately 49% of allophone immigrants – including those who arrived before the Charter's adoption in 1977 – had assimilated to English, down from 71% in 1971, but still considerably more than anglophones' overall share of the province's population.
This leads some Quebecers, particularly those who support the continued role of French as the province's common public language, to question whether the policy is being implemented successfully.
The phenomenon is linked to the linguistic environments which cohabit Montreal – Quebec's largest city, Canada's second-largest metropolitan area, and home to a number of communities, neighbourhoods, and even municipalities in which English is the de facto common language.
The anglophone minority's capacity to assimilate allophones and even francophones has therefore compensated to a large extent for the outmigration of anglophones to other provinces and even to the United States.
These factors go not only to allophone immigrants' direct linguistic assimilation, but also their indirect assimilation through contact with the private sector.
Although the Charter of the French language makes French the official language of the workplace, the socio-economic factors cited here also often make English a requirement for employment, especially in Montreal, and to a lesser extent outside of it, notably in Canada's National Capital Region, bordering Ontario, and in the Eastern Townships, particularly Sherbrooke.
Francophones are often compelled to learn English to find employment (particularly in the Montreal area), while anglophones in the province are pressured to do the same with French, and allophones are asked to learn both.
Census data adjusted for education and professional experience show that bilingual francophones had a greater income than bilingual anglophones by the year 2000.
In 2001, 29% of Quebec workers declared using English, either solely (193,320), mostly (293,320), equally with French (212,545) or regularly (857,420).
Outside Montreal, on the other hand, the proportion of anglophones has shrunk to 3% of the population and, except on the Ontario and U.S. borders, struggles to maintain a critical mass to support educational and health institutions – a reality that only immigrants and francophones usually experience in the other provinces.
For example, a more refined analysis of the Census data shows that a great deal of anglicization continues to occur in the communities traditionally associated with the English-language group, e.g., the Chinese, Italian, Greek and Indo-Pakistani groups.
Nevertheless, a majority of new immigrants in every census since 1971 have chosen French more often than English as their adopted language.
Statistics Canada's 2011 National Household Survey of Canada reported that for the first time in modern history, the first official language of more than half of Quebec immigrants was French.
Those who spoke French as their first official language formed 51.1% of all immigrants to the province, while an additional 16.3% spoke both French and English; among those who immigrated to the province between 2006 and 2011, the proportion who spoke French as their first official language was 58.8%.
Aboriginal peoples in Quebec are a heterogeneous group of about 71,000 individuals, who account for 9% of the total population of Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
Nearly half (47%) of this population in Quebec reported an Aboriginal language as mother tongue, the highest proportion of any province.
Utility fog (coined by Dr. John Storrs Hall in 1989) is a hypothetical collection of tiny robots that can replicate a physical structure.
Grabbers at the ends of the arms would allow the robots (or foglets) to mechanically link to one another and share both information and energy, enabling them to act as a continuous substance with mechanical and optical properties that could be varied over a wide range.
In the original application as a replacement for seatbelts, the swarm of robots would be widely spread out, and the arms loose, allowing air flow between them.
In the event of a collision the arms would lock into their current position, as if the air around the passengers had abruptly frozen solid.
Hall and his correspondents soon realised that utility fog could be manufactured en masse to occupy the entire atmosphere of a planet and replace any physical instrumentality necessary to human life.
Virtual buildings could be constructed and dismantled within moments, enabling the replacement of existing cities and roads with farms and gardens.
While molecular nanotech might also replace the need for biological bodies, utility fog would remain a useful peripheral with which to perform physical engineering and maintenance tasks.
Edward Leon Sciaky (April 2, 1948–January 29, 2004) was an American rock radio disc jockey who spent his broadcasting career in the Philadelphia area.
He was born in New York City and raised in Philadelphia, where he graduated from Central High School, and then from Temple University where he majored in mathematics.
Sciaky became known for promoting new talent, helping establish the careers of scores of artists, most notably Bruce Springsteen, Billy Joel, David Bowie, Janis Ian, and Yes.
He was one of the first FM disc jockeys who thrived when given the chance to choose their own music and play music other than pop hits.
Sciaky's broadcasting career, all in the Philadelphia area, covered WRTI, WHAT, WXUR (in Media; unrelated to the modern WXUR), WDAS, WMMR, WIOQ, WYSP, WMMR (again), and finally WMGK.
His house was home to a substantial, well-organized music collection, as well as a rather large iguana, perhaps five feet long.
Lauren is the daughter of Senator George and Olivia Reed, and was introduced at the beginning of the third season of the show as Vaughn's wife, having married him during Sydney's two-year absence under the control of The Covenant.
Though Lauren reveals early in the season she was trained as a CIA field agent at the Farm, her father, believing the occupation to be too dangerous, used his influence to make sure she did not receive a field rating.
Thus, she became an agent of the NSC, serving as its liaison to the CIA and working in the same CIA office with both Sydney Bristow and Michael Vaughn.
Lauren and Sydney have an antagonistic relationship from the start, with Lauren in particular feeling threatened that her husband's former lover is now back in his life.
Their dynamic briefly falters when Lauren discovers that the murder of a Russian diplomat that she was investigating was committed by Sydney during her two-year absence and Vaughn worked with Sydney's associates to conceal the truth; however, when Lauren witnesses Sydney being subjected to brutal interrogation and threatened with a lobotomy, she assists Vaughn, Jack, and Sloane in breaking Sydney out of prison.
However, it is soon revealed Lauren is actually a double agent for the Covenant, working to sabotage the CIA's work against the criminal organization and to gain more information about Sydney through Vaughn.
She is also, contrary to her air of innocence, a cold-blooded killer, yet she also appears to have a soft side since she can't bring herself to pull the trigger when tasked to murder her own father when he is given evidence of her true affiliations and to shore up her faltering relationship with Vaughn.
It was her mother that stepped in and pulled the trigger herself, revealing she too is an agent of The Covenant.
Lauren is also an adulterer, for not only does she seduce Vaughn and some of her targets, but also becomes involved (both personally and professionally) with Julian Sark, who is also now working for The Covenant.
Eventually, her true nature is discovered by the CIA and she becomes a marked woman, with both Sydney and Vaughn wanting to kill her, but this doesn't stop her from infiltrating CIA headquarters disguised as Sydney, shooting Marshall Flinkman, and causing major damage to the building and killing and injuring several agents with remote-triggered bombs before murdering an innocent motorist and stealing his car to escape.
Vaughn eventually captures Lauren, who tells him that she fell in love with him, but then Sydney came back and he didn't need her anymore.
She also claimed that the Covenant hadn't been in contact with her for two years by that point and she thought they'd leave her with him in peace.
Her 'confession' is ambiguous as she does appear to have developed feelings for Vaughn, as is evident by her reaction to Sark's earlier observation that it killed her when Michael dropped his gun, which was trained on her, to save Sydney.
In the season three finale, Sydney loses to Lauren during vicious hand-to-hand combat, but Lauren is shot by Vaughn before she can kill Sydney.
This information turns out to be evidence that Jack Bristow was authorized by the CIA to kill his ex-wife, Sydney's mother Irina Derevko, an order he apparently carried out.
For reasons not yet explained, the CIA determined Lauren's death should not be made public knowledge, and the double agent's remains are housed in the CIA crypt.
To explain her character's accent (George is Australian), the writers wrote that she was born in the United States but grew up in London.
I mean, you see Jason Bourne or James Bond or any of the other characters, they kill and they’re vengeful characters, but you don’t hate them.
The character of Lauren Reed received quite a bit of animosity from fans of the show, according to series creator J. J. Abrams, in part because she disrupted the romance between Sydney and Vaughn.
However, Abrams indicated that the revelation of Lauren being a turncoat was planned from the beginning and was not because of fan response.
The season 4 gag reel, included in the DVD release of that season, includes footage in which Melissa George as Lauren makes a surprise appearance during a scene, before George breaks character and begins to laugh.
Leila Arab (, born in 1971), professionally known as Leila, is an Iranian-born record producer and DJ based in London, England.
She became interested in DJing and keyboards, and left college to perform with singer Björk 1994, later working with her as a sound engineer and live mixer.
She met Richard D. James while both were on tour with Björk, and both James and Grant Wilson-Claridge suggested she release her solo recordings on their label Rephlex Records.
Starring Prithviraj Kapoor, Madhubala, Durga Khote, and Dilip Kumar, it follows the love affair between Mughal Prince Salim (who went on to become Emperor Jahangir) and Anarkali, a court dancer.
Before its principal photography began in the early 1950s, the project had lost a financier and undergone a complete change of cast.
The soundtrack, inspired by Indian classical and folk music, comprises 12 songs voiced by playback singer Lata Mangeshkar along with Mohammed Rafi, Shamshad Begum and classical singer Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, and is often cited among the finest in Bollywood cinematic history.
Released on 5 August 1960, it broke box office records in India and became the highest-grossing Indian film of all time, a distinction it held for 15 years.
The film is widely considered to be a milestone of its genre, earning praise from critics for its grandeur and attention to detail.
Emperor Akbar, who does not have a male heir, undertakes a pilgrimage to a shrine to pray that his wife Jodhabai give birth to a son.
Fourteen years later, Salim returns as a distinguished soldier and falls in love with court dancer Nadira, whom the emperor has renamed Anarkali, meaning pomegranate blossom.
The relationship is discovered by the jealous Bahar, a dancer of a higher rank, who wants the prince to love her so that she may one day become queen.
Defeated in battle, Salim is sentenced to death by his father, but is told that the sentence will be revoked if Anarkali, now in hiding, is handed over to die in his place.
As Anarkali is being walled up, Akbar is reminded that he still owes her mother a favour, as it was she who brought him news of Salim's birth.
The emperor has a change of heart, but although he wants to release Anarkali he cannot, because of his duty to his country.
He therefore arranges for her secret escape into exile with her mother, but demands that the pair are to live in obscurity and that Salim is never to know that Anarkali is still alive.
The Urdu dramatist Imtiaz Ali Taj wrote a play about the love story of Salim and Anarkali in 1922, based more on a 16th-century legend than on fact.
They recruited four Urdu writers to develop the screenplay and dialogue: Aman (Zeenat Aman's father, also known as Amanullah Khan), Wajahat Mirza, Kamaal Amrohi, and Ehsan Rizvi.
Although Pallonji knew nothing about film production, in 1950 he agreed to produce the film because of his interest in the history of Akbar.
Believing that the film had been cancelled, Kamal Amrohi, one of the scriptwriters who was also a director, planned to make a film on the same subject himself.
The part of Anarkali had first been offered to Suraiya but later went to Madhubala, who had been longing for a significant role.
Madhubala suffered from congenital heart disease, which was one of the reasons why at times she fainted on set; she also endured skin abrasions while filming the prison sequences, but was determined to finish the film.
Kapoor faced difficulty with his heavy costumes, and suffered blisters on his feet after walking barefoot in the desert for a sequence.
Lance Dane, a photographer who was on set during the filming, recalled that Kapoor struggled to remember his lines in some scenes; he mentioned one scene in particular that Kapoor required 19 takes to get right.
At the time of filming, Kapoor who was on a diet, was told by Asif to regain the lost weight for his portrayal of Akbar.
The production design of the film, led by art director M. K. Syed, was extravagant, and some sets took six weeks to erect.
The film, mostly shot in studio sets designed to represent the interior of a Mughal palace, featured opulent furnishings and water features such as fountains and pools, generating the feel of a Hollywood historical epic of the period.
A much-discussed aspect was the presence of numerous small mirrors made of Belgian glass, which were crafted and designed by workers from Firozabad.
The set took two years to build and cost more than 1.5 million (valued at about US$314,000 in 1960), more than the budget of an entire Bollywood film at the time.
The footwear was ordered from Agra, the jewellery was made by goldsmiths in Hyderabad, the crowns were designed in Kolhapur, and blacksmiths from Rajasthan manufactured the armoury (which included shields, swords, spears, daggers, and armour).
The battle sequence between Akbar and Salim reportedly featured 2,000 camels, 400 horses, and 8,000 troops, mainly from the Indian Army's Jaipur cavalry, 56th Regiment.
Dilip Kumar has spoken of the intense heat during filming of the sequence in the desert of Rajasthan, wearing full armour.
Asif was accompanied by an extensive crew, which included his assistant directors S. T. Zaidi, Khalid Akhtar, Surinder Kapoor (assisting primarily for the English version), and five others.
Additional crew members included cinematographer R. D. Mathur, choreographer Lachhu Maharaj, production manager Aslam Noori, cameraman M. D. Ayub, editor Dharamavir, makeup artists P. G. Joshi and Abdul Hamid, and sound director Akram Shaikh.
In total, 500 days of shooting were needed, compared to a normal schedule of 60 to 125 shooting days at the time.
Owing to the very large size of the Sheesh Mahal set, the lighting was provided by the headlights of 500 trucks and about 100 reflectors.
Foreign consultants, including British director David Lean, told Asif to forget the idea since they felt that it was impossible to film the scene under the intense glare.
Asif confined himself to the set with the lighting crew, and subsequently overcame the problem by covering all the mirrors with a thin layer of wax, thereby subduing their reflectivity.
A number of problems and production delays were encountered during filming, to the extent that at one point Asif considered abandoning the project.
The budget situation strained the relationship between Asif and Pallonji, while the production also faced troubled relationships among other crew members; differences crept up between Asif and Kumar when the former married the latter's sister.
Another source of trouble was the romantic relationship and ultimate break-up of Kumar and Madhubala, who had been dating for nine years.
Examples include the scenes of Hindu Queen Jodahabai's presence in the court of the Muslim Akbar, the singing of a Hindu devotional song by Anarkali, and Akbar's participation in the Janmashtami celebrations, during which Akbar is shown pulling a string to rock a swing with an idol of Krishna on it.
Film critic Mukul Kesavan has remarked that he was unable to recall a single other film about Hindu-Muslim love in which the woman (Jodhabai) is Hindu.
Throughout the film there is a distinct depiction of Muslims as the ruling class who not only dressed differently but also spoke in complex Persianised dialogue.
He believes the arrogance of Bahar represents the power of the state and that Anarkali's emotion, which is highly personal, represents the private individual.
Teo states that the theme of romantic love defeating social class difference and power hierarchy, as well as the grandeur of the filming, contribute to the film's attractiveness.
A major difference from the original story is that while the earlier Anarakali films based on Imtiaz Ali Taj's story ended as tragedies, K. Asif created a relatively happy ending in that Akbar gives amnesty to Anarkali by allowing her to escape through a secret route of tunnels below a false bottom of her prison wall, although his son is made to suffer in believing her to have perished.
The film is based on a legend, but it is given credence by at least two texts that assert Anarkali's existence during the historical period of the greatest monarch of the Mughal Empire, Emperor Akbar (1556–1605).
One of the books states that in 1615 a marble tomb was built on Anarkali's grave in Lahore by Salim, when he had become Emperor Jehangir.
The author of the stage play on which the film is based, Imtiaz Ali Taj, believed that the legend had no historical base, but historians have suggested that Anarkali may have been a painter, a dancer, or a courtesan, or one of Akbar's wives and the mother of Salim's half-brother Prince Daniyal.
Historian Alex von Tunzelmann says that although the real Salim was a heavy consumer of alcohol and opium from the age of 18, he was not necessarily a mischievous boy, as depicted in the film.
When the film's Salim returns from his time in the military, he is depicted as a gentle and romantic hero, in contrast to the real Salim, who was documented as a brutal drunk who would often beat people to death.
The real Salim did lead a rebellion against his father, tried to replace him as emperor, and had Akbar's friend Abu al-Fazl murdered in 1602, but the film ascribes these actions to his desire to marry Anarkali, which is historically inaccurate.
The Sheesh Mahal, actually the royal bath of the queen, was depicted in the film as a dancing hall, and much larger.
Offended by the explicit notion of money as a means of gaining quality, Naushad threw the notes out of the window, to the surprise of his wife.
A total of 20 songs were composed for the film, at an average cost of 3,000 (valued at about US$629 in 1960) per song, though many were left out of the final cut owing to the film's length.
Both Asif and Naushad approached Hindustani classical vocalist Bade Ghulam Ali Khan inviting him to participate in the film's soundtrack, but he refused, explaining that he disliked working in films.
and Lata Mangeshkar (the best paid playback singers of the time) charged 300–400 per song, thinking that Asif would send him away.
At that time, since there was no technology to provide for the reverberation of sound heard in the song, Naushad had Mangeshkar sing the song in a studio bathroom.
Though Naushad argued that the presence of Jodhabai made the situation logical, he met with the film's screenwriters and subsequently added dialogue that explained the sequence.
When the film was colourised for re-release, the soundtrack was also reworked, with original composer Naushad receiving help from Uttam Singh.
It is often cited as one of the best soundtracks in Bollywood history, and was one of the best-selling Bollywood albums of the 1960s.
In 2004, Subhash K. Jha reviewed the re-mastered release of the soundtrack, praising the technical quality of the re-release and the original vocals of Lata Mangeshkar.
Mirroring the nature of the film, the cinema's foyer had been decorated to resemble a Mughal palace, and a cut-out of Prithviraj Kapoor was erected outside it.
The Sheesh Mahal set was transported from the studio to the cinema, where ticket holders could go inside and experience its grandeur.
The premiere was held amidst great fanfare, with large crowds and an extensive media presence, in addition to hosting much of the film industry, although Dilip Kumar did not attend the event owing to his dispute with Asif.
The day before bookings for the film opened, a reported crowd of 100,000 gathered outside the Maratha Mandir to buy tickets.
The tickets, the most expensive for a Bollywood film at that time, were dockets containing text, photographs and trivia about the film, and are now considered collector's items.
It was reported that people would wait in queues for four to five days, and would be supplied food from home through their family members.
It became a major commercial success, earning 4 million (US$839,000) in the first week, eventually earning a net revenue of 55 million (US$11,530,000), and generating a profit of 30 million for the producers.
Naman Ramachandran, reviewing the film for the British Film Institute, noted the depiction of religious tolerance and said the film had a tender heart.
In 2002, Umar Siddiqui, managing director of the Indian Academy of Arts and Animation (IAAA), proposed to enhance it digitally at a fraction of the cost.
To convince the Shapoorji Pallonji Group, one of India's wealthiest companies, of the commercial viability of the project, the IAAA colourised a four-minute clip and showed it to them.
Shapoorji Mistry, grandson of producer Shapoorji Pallonji Mistry, thought it a fitting tribute to complete his grandfather's unfinished dream of colourising the entire film.
The first step towards colourisation was the restoration of the original negatives, which were in poor condition owing to extensive printing of the negative during the original theatrical release.
After cleaning, each of the 300,000 frames of the negative was scanned into a 10 megabytes-sized file and then was digitally restored.
The dialogues in the original soundtrack were also in a bad state of preservation, which necessitated having the sound cleaned at Chace Studio in the United States.
For the songs, the original voices of the singers like Lata Mangeshkar, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan and Mohammed Rafi were extracted from the original mixed track and the same were recreated with re-recorded score in 6.1 surround sound.
The art departments visited museums and studied the literature for background on the typical colours of clothing worn at that time.
The team also approached a number of experts for guidance and suggestions, including Dilip Kumar, production designer Nitin Chandrakant Desai, and a historian from the Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi.
To undertake the colourisation, Siddiqui brought together a team of around 100 individuals, including computer engineers and software professionals, and organised a number of art departments.
The entire project was co-ordinated by Deepesh Salgia, who partnered with companies including Iris Interactive and Rajtaru Studios to execute the colourisation.
This ensured that the colours added were as close to the real colour as possible; the authenticity of the colouring was later verified when a costume used in the film was retrieved from a warehouse, and its colours were found to closely match those in the film.
The exact cost of the colourisation is disputed, with a wide variety of estimates ranging from to 50 million, or 100 million.
The film's colour version was released theatrically on 12 November 2004, in 150 prints across India, 65 of which were in Maharashtra.
Over time the title has become part of Bollywood vernacular, used to describe a project that is taking too long to complete.
Following her success in the film, Madhubala could have gone on to land further major roles, but she was advised not to overwork owing to her heart condition, and had to withdraw from some productions that were already underway.
Interested in preserving the film for future generations, Khan noted that his father was originally cast in the film but did not complete it.
In October 2016, producer Feroz Abbas Khan premiered a stage play based on the film with a cast of over 70 actors and dancers at Mumbai's NCPA theatre.
Rotten Tomatoes has sampled 10 reviewers and judged 90% of them to be positive, with an average rating of 7.9 out of 10.
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, semi-locally simply connected is a certain local connectedness condition that arises in the theory of covering spaces.
This condition is necessary for most of the theory of covering spaces, including the existence of a universal cover and the Galois correspondence between covering spaces and subgroups of the fundamental group.
In particular, the cone on the Hawaiian earring is contractible and therefore semi-locally simply connected, but it is clearly not locally simply connected.
In terms of the natural topology on the fundamental group, a locally path-connected space is semi-locally simply connected if and only if its quasitopological fundamental group is discrete.
In the mythology of ancient Rome, the city is founded as the result of a fratricide, with the twins Romulus and Remus quarreling over who has the favour of the gods and over each other's plans to build Rome, with Romulus becoming Rome's first king and namesake after killing his brother.
Though not exactly fratricide, the otherwise meticulously pious Arjuna's actions - where he slayed an unarmed Karna pitilessly and against the rules of honourable warfare - are nevertheless considered utterly deplorable and heinous.
Arjuna was oath-bound to avenge the death of his only son and heir apparent Abhimanyu who had been mercilessly slaughtered by a group of bloodthirsty warriors which included Karna.
While Arjuna was blissfully unaware that Karna was his own biological brother, the latter was apprised of the same by their common mother Kunti.
And hence, even though he was privy to the bond of brotherhood, Karna still wholeheartedly (due to his allegiance to prince Duryodana) and readily elected to indulge in fratricide.
The only known fratricide in the Roman Empire is the fairly well-known murder of Geta on the orders of his brother Caracalla in 211.
The brothers had a fraught relationship enduring many years; upon their father Septimius Severus's death in February 211, the brothers succeeded him as co-emperors.
In December of that year, Caracalla pretended to be holding a reconciliation in their mother Julia Domna's apartment, with Geta was lured to come unarmed and unguarded.
There are many recorded fratricides in Persia, the most famous of which involving Cyrus the Great's sons Cambyses II and Bardiya, the former killing the latter.
There are also stories about the sons of Artaxerxes I, Xerxes II, Sogdianus, and Darius II, all of which concern competition for the throne.
In the Ottoman Empire a policy of judicial royal fratricide was introduced by Sultan Mehmet II whose grandfather Mehmet I had to fight an extended and severe civil war against his brothers (which brought the empire much closer to destruction) to take the throne.
When a new Sultan ascended to the throne he would imprison all of his surviving brothers and murder them by strangulation with a silk cord as soon as he had produced his first male heir.
The largest killing took place on the succession of Mehmet III when 19 of his brothers were killed and buried with their father.
Reflecting public disapproval, his successor Ahmed I abandoned the practice, replacing it with life imprisonment in the Kafes, a section of the Ottoman palace.
Shah Jahan's son, Dara Shikoh was assassinated by four of his brother Aurangzeb's henchmen in front of his terrified son on the night of 30 August 1659 (9 September Gregorian).
The events in the Greek tragedy Antigone unfold due to the previous war between the princely brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, who killed each other in combat.
Polyneices had challenged his brother's claim to the throne of the city Thebes, and attacked the city with an army from Argos.
Ashoka, also known as Chand-Ashoka (Cruel Ashoka), killed his real brothers as punishment for the king's (his father) death and quarrel for the kingdom (war of succession).
The Church of Saint George () is one of eleven rock-hewn monolithic churches in Lalibela, a city in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia.
It has been dated to the late 12th or early 13th century AD, and thought to have been constructed during the reign of King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, of the late Zagwe dynasty.
Lalibela, King of Ethiopia, sought to recreate Jerusalem, and structured the churches' landscape and religious sites in such a way as to achieve such a feat.
The dimensions of the trench are 25 meters by 25 meters by 30 meters, and there is a small baptismal pool outside the church, which stands in an artificial trench.
It is accessed via a very narrow man-made canyon, spiralling downwards, which changes to a tunnel close to the church, to further conceal its presence.
The hollowed interior contains a simple shrine to St. George and, behind a curtain (forbidden to view apart from priests) lies a replica of the Ark of the Covenant.
The site, which lies within the Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, has been managed as a country park by Swindon Borough Council since 1971.
It is situated on Barbury Hill, a local vantage point, which, under ideal weather conditions, commands a view across to the Cotswolds and the River Severn.
The site was first occupied some 2500 years ago, and was then in use during the Roman occupation of the area.
Archaeological investigations at Barbury have shown evidence of a number of buildings, indicating a village or military garrison at this time.
In the 6th century the site became part of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex, following the defeat of the Romano-British at the Battle of Beranburgh, Beran Byrig or Beranbyrig in AD 556, the site of which is just north of the castle.
Centuries later the area was a favourite haunt of the 19th century writer Richard Jefferies, who lived an hour’s walk away at Coate.
In World War II the War Ministry appropriated the site for US Army Air Force anti-aircraft guns; the bases for these are apparently visible as hollows around the edge of the fort interior.
A reconstruction of an Iron Age roundhouse was built on the site in 2006 but was destroyed by vandals in October 2008.
In 2009 English Heritage (now Historic England) carried out a National Mapping Programme Project which comprised an interpretation, transcription and analysis of all archaeological features visible on aerial photographs in the environs of Barbury Castle.
Barbury Castle is at , about south of Swindon and the M4, on the northern edge of the Marlborough Downs within the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
By road the site can only be approached by a single road ascending the scarp slope of the downs from midway along the B4005 between Wroughton and Chiseldon.
More options are available by foot or horseback, including the Ridgeway, which runs east–west along the edge of the downs, and a byway south across the downs to Marlborough.
The first permanent European settler was Cornelius O'Brien, who established a farm in 1823 and whose name was given in the pass at O'Briens Road south at Figtree.
Bulli soil is also the primary source of soil and foundation of Sydney Cricket Ground, which makes the SCG being seen traditionally as one of the most spin-friendly international cricket grounds in Australia.
The Bulli Coal Company opened a mine in 1862 on the escarpment and built cottages to house miners and their families.
On 23 March 1887 a gas explosion in the mine killed 81 men and boys, leaving 50 women widows and 150 children without fathers.
A memorial obelisk listing the names of those who perished is situated in Park Road, Bulli, adjacent to the railway line.
Following the coroner's inquest a royal commission was established under the chairmanship of Dr. James R. M. Robertson to inquire into the accident.
One part went to the western district, the other continued down the main tunnel and supplied the Hill End district which was where the explosion occurred.
Within the Hill End District the air passed through each of six headings in turn before being ejected by a furnace at the foot of an upcast shaft.
Clearly this meant that any firedamp (usually methane) released by the earlier headings was drawn across the later headings where the men were working.
When a bord had been worked out it was simply sealed off, but this meant that any firedamp accumulating there was not promptly removed.
Each tunnel was used for three purposes: as a travelling road (for access to parts of the mine), as a haulage road (for bringing coal out) and as a ventilation passage.
The mine has since long been leveled, with only concrete foundations revealing the location of the old office area and other buildings.
The old railway line from the mine to the coast has mostly been removed, but as you drive south into Bulli you will see the bridge it was set in, now used as a walkway over the highway after a fatal car accident involving a school child saw it restored.
Behind the Illawarra Grevillea Park is Slacky Flat Park which is home to some reasonably undisturbed remnant rainforest and numerous species of native birds and marsupials.
The town has a small chain of commerce in its central district west of the station, and includes a newsagent and several specialty stores.
The town is home to St Joseph's Catholic Primary School (current principal Mrs Luisa Tobin), Bulli Public School, Waniora Public School and Bulli High School, New South Wales.
This is an important migratory bird location and a history walk has been set up along the road were the old railway used to go.
Minister for Planning, Frank Sartor, however has overridden his COI to give Stockland and the Anglican Village Retirement Trust approval to add over 1000 residential houses and units.
Railroad police or railway police are persons responsible for the protection of railroad (or railway) properties, facilities, revenue and personnel, as well as carried passengers and cargo.
In some countries railroad police are no different from any other police agency, while in others they are more like security police.
In the United States and Canada, railroad police are employed by the major Class I railroads, as well as some smaller ones.
In Great Britain, railways fall under the jurisdiction of the British Transport Police, a regional transit police force based in Great Britain that is responsible for policing all railways and some public transit systems in Great Britain.
The Brazilian's Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852 by decree of the emperor Dom Pedro II, making it the oldest police agency in Brazil.
There are some proposals in the Brazilian Senate to reactivate this police agency, as it is considered important to national security.
The Canadian Pacific Railway initially relied on the Dominion Police, which later became the North-West Mounted Police during construction of the transcontinental railroad, but by the later 1880s were employing their own police.
It worked closely with municipal, federal, and provincial police and given a mandate to prevent and investigate pilferage, theft, vandalism, and sabotage as well as policing strikes.
The Special Service was dissolved in 1904, following a scandal involving the business practices of a CPR Labour Department agent in Montreal, but was resurrected in 1913 as the railway's Department of Investigation.
The Canadian Pacific Police Service, Canadian National Police Service, and Via Rail Police Service are the only federal railway police services operating in Canada.
These officers are employed by the railway and are in place strategically within Canada's rail infrastructure with a primary focus on reducing deaths and injuries along each railway's network of operations.
These officers typically work on investigations involving criminal and provincial violations, such as traffic enforcement and accident investigations, and working to educate the public about the dangers of rail operations and consequences that can result from complacency.
These police officers are also appointed or sworn provincially to provide additional police powers as it relates to each province's interest.
The primary jurisdictional police are still responsible for all law enforcement in their jurisdiction, and due to reduced manpower and coverage the railway police are considered a secondary response agency.
Depending on the seriousness of the incident, railway police may assume jurisdiction, though due to their reduced numbers and capabilities they may require local police to assume control over an incident and act in a supporting role.
The governing body of almost all railroad operations—the Chinese Ministry of Railways, which was also the owner of a great deal of the country's rail network—operated a massive police force that provided security service inside major railroad hubs and stations and outside along the railroads.
Their jurisdiction extends to the limit of MoR property, yet occasionally the jurisdiction overlaps with local forces, in case it was an offence that occurred inside MoR facility, or related to MoR operations.
The railroad police of PRC can be considered as the only civil police force under the command of an agency of central government, more precisely the MoR.
For example, the division level Tianjin railroad police force will answer to the prefecture level Beijing railroad police bureau, despite the fact that regular police force of Tianjin is collateral to its Beijing equivalence.
While supervised by the Ministry of Public Security, the force was funded exclusively by MoR itself, therefore often was criticized for protecting corporate interest under MoR.
Since it is prevalent in PRC that local police force was conscripted as a private army of individuals, such criticism actually reflects the dispute between local and central government at some level.
Polsuska in its role as a special railroad police is tasked to: apply sanctions in accordance with legislation and implement security, prevention of crime, and prevent non-justice actions within the scope of the Indonesian railways as a partner of the national police.
Every railway station in Indonesia also operates several security guards to assist Polsuska in the field of law and order including security.
During peak seasons such as during the last days of Ramadan and other national holidays, Polsuska may be assisted by members from the military and police to provide additional security presence within the Indonesian Railways.
The police is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and is responsible for protecting the railway, checking train quality, and maintaining railway safety in the Russian Federation.
Transportpolizei officers are sworn as officers to the Swiss Confederation, and thus have the same power to arrest as any other cantonal police officers.
As their state counterparts, they usually carry a SIG Sauer P225 and pepper sprays as weapons, along with handcuffs for restrain options.
Passing through areas far removed from the protective measures available in populated centers left railroad lines and their passengers and freight vulnerable to banditry.
Through his detective business, Allan Pinkerton met George B. McClellan, the president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad and Illinois Central Railroad, as well as its attorney, Abraham Lincoln.
Railroad contracts were subsequently a mainstay of Pinkerton's until railroad companies gradually developed their own police departments in the years following the Civil War.
After the founding of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers in 1863, Pinkerton's and the new railroad police agencies became instrumental in crushing strikes of rail workers.
Another major concern was pilferage by employees, especially the passenger conductor, who had the greatest authority and freedom on passenger trains and collected ticket fees.
Pinkerton began this work for the South Michigan Line in 1854, and on 1 February 1855, he created the North West Police Agency with $10,000 given for the cause by six anxious Midwestern railroads.
While railroad police officers may have general peace officer authority in some states such as California, they are limited to the railroad's property in other states.
The status of railroad police officers varies by state, in that they are commissioned by the governor of the state in which they reside and/or work in and they may carry both state level arrest powers and some interstate arrest powers as allowed by 49 USC 28101.
Although railroad police primarily enforce laws on or near the railroad right-of-way, their police officers can enforce other laws and make arrests off of railroad property depending on the state in which they are working.
Depending upon the state or jurisdiction, railroad police officers may be considered certified police officers, deputized peace officers, or company special agents.
In Virginia, for example, any railroad may file an application with the Circuit Court of any county where it operates to allow the President of the railroad to appoint members of its own police force.
Some of the crimes railroad police investigate include trespassing on the right-of-way of a railroad, assaults against passengers, terrorism threats targeting the railroad, arson, tagging of graffiti on railroad rolling stock or buildings, signal vandalism, pickpocketing, ticket fraud, robbery, and theft of personal belongings, baggage, or freight.
For example, in Massachusetts, railroad and ferry company employees may be appointed as special Massachusetts State Police officers with jurisdiction on company property and vehicles.
Federal regulations extend the authority granted by one state to a railroad police officer to all the states in which that railroad has property.
The Amtrak Police Department has its own authority under federal law; others listed here are created by state authority (possibly delegated to local governments).
Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917.
However, he was also closely involved in plans to support rebellions in Ireland and in India, and to assist the Bolsheviks to undermine Tsarist Russia.
A portion of this trip was via railroad across the Continental United States, a fact he would later use to inflate his supposed expertise on the nation.
Later he was called to the Foreign Office, became Under Secretary of State in 1911, and on 24 November 1916, he accepted his confirmation as Secretary of State, succeeding Gottlieb von Jagow in this position.
Actually, he had assumed a large share of his superior's negotiations with foreign envoys for several years prior to his appointment because of von Jagow's reservedness in office.
Though the Rising failed, its political effect led on to the Irish War of Independence in 1919–22 and the formation of the Irish Free State.
Two and a half years into World War I, the United States had maintained a status of neutrality while the Allied armies had been fighting those of the Central Powers in the trenches of northern France and Belgium.
After the Royal Navy had been engaged in a successful naval blockade against all German shipping for some time, the German Supreme High Command concluded that only a total submarine offensive would break the stranglehold.
The Germans abrogated their Sussex pledge (not to sink merchant ships without due warning and to save human lives wherever possible) and began an unrestricted U-boat campaign on 1 February 1917.
Since it was obvious that US shipping would also come under attack in the course of this operation, it became just a matter of time before the USA was drawn into the conflict.
Although a latecomer in the area, with Spain, Britain, and France having established themselves there centuries earlier, the Kaiser's Germany attempted to secure a continuing presence.
This entailed many different approaches to the Mexican Republic and its changing, often revolutionary, governments as well as assuring the United States (most of the time) of Germany's peaceful intentions.
Among the options discussed during Arthur Zimmermann's period in office was a German offer to improve communications between the two nations and a suggestion that Mexico purchase German submarines for its navy.
This encouraged the Germans to believe (mistakenly) that this and other US concerns in the area would tie up US resources and military operations for some time to come, sufficiently to justify the overtures made by Arthur Zimmermann in his telegram to the Venustiano Carranza government.
His proposals included an agreement for a German alliance with Mexico, while Germany would still try to maintain a state of neutrality with the United States.
If this policy were to fail, the note suggested, the Mexican government should make common cause with Germany, try to persuade the Japanese government to join the new alliance, and attack the US.
Germany for its part would promise financial assistance and the restoration of its former territories of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico.
On 24 February, the telegram was finally delivered to the US ambassador in Britain, Walter Hines Page, who two days later retransmitted it to President Wilson.
At first, some sectors of the US papers, especially those of the Hearst press empire, questioned whether the telegram was a forgery made by British intelligence in an attempt to persuade the US government to enter the war on Britain's side.
However, on 29 March 1917, Zimmermann gave a speech to the Reichstag confirming the text of the telegram and so put an end to all speculation as to its authenticity.
On 6 April, Congress approved the resolution for war by a wide margin, with the Senate voting 82 to 6 in favor.
Later, a general assigned by Carranza to assess the realities of a Mexican takeover of their former provinces came to the conclusion that it would not work.
Taking over the three states would almost certainly cause future problems and possibly war with the US; Mexico would also be unable to accommodate a large Anglo population within its borders; and Germany would not be able to supply the arms needed in the hostilities that would surely arise.
At the end of June 1917, Zimmermann found the first real opportunity for paving the way to peace negotiations during his period of administration.
At several meetings with the Bavarian Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli (later to become Pope Pius XII) and Uditore Schioppa, who were on a fact-finding mission, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg and Zimmermann outlined their plans.
There would be no annexations of territories, no border adjustments with Russia, Poland was to remain an independent state, all occupied areas of France and Belgium were to be evacuated, and Alsace-Lorraine would be ceded to France.
None of these plans came to fruition because neither of the two German participants would be very much longer in office.
As an afterthought, it was Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg's belief – unlike that of the General Staff's – that once the United States entered the war, the prospects for Germany would indeed be bleak.
The foreign secretary set forth the following: regulations for frontline contacts with the opposite side; reciprocal withdrawal of the occupied areas; an amicable agreement about Poland, Lithuania, and Kurland; and a promise to aid Russia in its reconstruction and rehabilitation.
These proposals once carried out, would free Germany's armies in the east and allow them to be concentrated in the west, a master-stroke that would reinforce the German western front vastly.
Transit police are a specialized police agency or unit employed by a common carrier, which could be a transit district, railroad, bus line, other transport carrier, or the state.
Their mandate is to prevent and investigate crimes committed against the carrier or by or against passengers or other customers of the carrier, or those committed on the carrier's property.
In Britain, most of the rail system, including the London Underground, is policed by a national transport police agency, the British Transport Police.
Some transit police forces have full policing powers, such as BART Police, SEPTA Transit Police, Metro Transit Police Department, Utah Transit Authority Police Department or MBTA Transit Police, while in other areas, they have limited powers and are classed as special police or special constables with limited powers.
Some of the crimes transit police and railroad police investigate include trespassing on the right-of-way of a railroad, assaults against passengers, tagging of graffiti on railroad rolling stock and buses or bus stops, pickpocketing, ticket fraud, robbery and theft of personal belongings, baggage or freight, and drug dealing at transit stations.
In federal states like the United States, Canada, or Australia, federal and state statutes determine the jurisdiction and authority of all police departments, including transit police.
Most transit police services have the same police authority as any other national, state and local police agencies, such as the British Transport Police, New Jersey Transit Police Department, BART Police, Maryland Transit Administration Police, DART Police, SEPTA Transit Police, Utah Transit Authority Police Department, and the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service have rather extensive jurisdictions, including traffic enforcement, with arrest powers on and off property.
Transit and railroad police tend to have better results in finding perpetrators of crimes they investigate than public police forces, possibly due to specialization and smaller case loads.
The South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service (commonly known as the Metro Vancouver Transit Police) is the only full transit police force in Canada, a necessity since Metro Vancouver's TransLink public transit system spans 22 separate municipalities and 16 police jurisdictions.
Cities in China which have rapid transit systems all have their transit police force associated to the local public security bureau.
National Rail used to have a police force under the Ministry of Railways, but such authority is transferred to local police now.
For example, cities like Tianjin and Chengdu might have a joint public transportation force of division level, operates on all the taxis, bus routes, coaches, rapid transit and ferry lines as well as transportation hubs inside city limit; while Chongqing and Xi'an have tighter transit cop brigades focused exclusively on protecting the mass transit lines.
He was preparing to direct a film for 20th Century Fox, and also collaborating on a script with his wife when he was diagnosed with cancer.
The platform is built on a protocol created by Echelon Corporation for networking devices over media such as twisted pair, powerlines, fiber optics, and RF.
The technology has its origins with chip designs, power line and twisted pair, signaling technology, routers, network management software, and other products from Echelon Corporation.
In 1999 the communications protocol (then known as LonTalk) was submitted to ANSI and accepted as a standard for control networking (ANSI/CEA-709.1-B).
Since then, ANSI/CEA-709.1 has been accepted as the basis for IEEE 1473-L (in-train controls), AAR electro-pneumatic braking systems for freight trains, IFSF (European petrol station control), SEMI (semiconductor equipment manufacturing), and in 2005 as EN 14908 (European building automation standard).
China ratified the technology as a national controls standard, GB/Z 20177.1-2006 and as a building and intelligent community standard, GB/T 20299.4-2006; and in 2007 CECED, the European Committee of Domestic Equipment Manufacturers, adopted the protocol as part of its Household Appliances Control and Monitoring – Application Interworking Specification (AIS) standards.
During 2008 ISO and IEC have granted the communications protocol, twisted pair signaling technology, power line signaling technology, and Internet Protocol (IP) compatibility standard numbers ISO/IEC 14908-1, -2, -3, and -4.
Manufacturers in a variety of industries including building, home, street lighting, transportation, utility, and industrial automation have adopted the platform as the basis for their product and service offerings.
The two-wire layer operates at 78 kbit/s using differential Manchester encoding, while the power line achieves either 5.4 or 3.6 kbit/s, depending on frequency.
Additionally, the LonWorks platform uses an affiliated Internet protocol (IP) tunneling standard—ISO/IEC 14908-4 (ANSI/CEA-852) -- in use by a number of manufacturers to connect the devices on previously deployed and new LonWorks platform-based networks to IP-aware applications or remote network-management tools.
Many LonWorks platform-based control applications are being implemented with some sort of IP integration, either at the UI/application level or in the controls infrastructure.
Since 1999, the protocol has been available for general-purpose processors: A port of the ANSI/CEA-709.1 standard to IP-based or 32-bit chips.
One of the keys to the interoperability of the system is the standardisation of the variables used to describe physical things to LonWorks.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 (along with the abolition of the county of West Suffolk) by the merger of the Borough of Bury St Edmunds, Haverhill Urban District, Clare Rural District and Thingoe Rural District.
In 2008, the Council submitted a proposal to the Boundary Commission which would see it as central to a new West Suffolk unitary council.
In October 2011, St Edmundsbury Borough Council and Forest Heath District Council agreed to have one chief executive, a shared management team and a combined workforce.
However, due to a low or non-existent tactile feedback, most people have difficulty typing with them, especially when larger numbers of characters are being typed.
Smaller, specialised membrane keyboards, typically numeric-and-a-few-control-keys only, have been used in access control systems (for buildings and restricted areas), simple handheld calculators, domestic remote control keypads, microwave ovens, and other similar devices where the amount of typing is relatively small or infrequent, such as cell phones.
Modern PC keyboards are essentially a membrane keyboard mechanism covered with an array of dome switches which give positive tactile feedback.
As can be seen from the diagram below, the membrane keyboard consists of three layers; two of these are membrane layers containing conductive traces.
Under normal conditions, the switch (key) is open, because current cannot cross the non-conductive gap between the traces on the bottom layer.
This arose from the instrument's reliance on the then-current method of exponential conversion of voltage to oscillator frequency—an approach that other companies also implemented with fewer tuning issues.
However, the VCS 3 was renowned as an extremely powerful generator of electronic effects and processor of external sounds for its cost.
The VCS3 was popular among progressive rock bands, and was used on recordings by The Alan Parsons Project, Jean-Michel Jarre, Todd Rundgren, Hawkwind, Brian Eno (with Roxy Music and as a solo artist or collaborator), King Crimson, The Who, Gong, and Pink Floyd, and many others.
The VCS3 has three oscillators (the first two normal; the third an LFO or Low Frequency Oscillator), a noise generator, two input amplifiers, a ring modulator, 24 dB/octave voltage-controlled low pass filter (VCF), a trapezoid envelope generator, a joystick controller, a voltage-controlled spring reverb unit, and two stereo output amplifiers.
Unlike most modular synthesiser systems, which used cables to link components, the VCS 3 uses a distinctive patchboard matrix where pins are inserted to connect its components.
Although the VCS 3 is often used for generating sound effects due to lack of a built-in keyboard, external keyboard controllers were available for melodic play.
The VCS 3's basic design was reused by EMS in many other of their own products, most notably the EMS Synthi 100 (1971), the Synthi A (1971), and AKS (1972, essentially a VCS 3 in a plastic briefcase).
A former agent of EMS in the United States, Ionic Industries in Morristown, New Jersey, released a portable-keyboard VCS 3 clone in 1973.
The 2700 ohm resistors soldered inside each pin vary in tolerance, indicated by different colours: red pins have 1% tolerance, white have 5%, and green pins are attenuating pins with a resistance of 68,000 ohms.
The later Synthi AKS incorporated an early digital 256 event KS (Keyboard Sequencer) sequencer in the lid, with input provided by a capacitance-sensitive Buchla-style keyboard.
Along with Klaus Schulze and Tangerine Dream, other frequent users of the instrument include Tim Blake & Miquette Giraudy of Gong, Richard Pinhas of Heldon, Merzbow, Thomas Lehn, Cor Fuhler and Alva Noto.
The original VCS No.1 was a hand-built rack-mount unit with two oscillators, one filter and one envelope, designed by Cockerell before the formation of EMS.
When a benefactor, Don Banks, asked Zinovieff for a synthesiser, Zinovieff and Cockerell decided to work together on an instrument that was small and portable but powerful and flexible.
The Archdiocese of America, better known as the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, is a jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The Archdiocese currently covers the United States and one parish in the Bahamas, and is mostly Greek-American in composition and culture.
The Diocese of the Aleutians and North America was a pan-ethnic and missionary jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Russian Orthodox Church from 1900 to 1922.
Today it is majority-Russian in ecclesiastical heritage, but with significant Romanian, Albanian, Bulgarian, and Mexican (in Mexico) jurisdictions and at least one Arab parish - all largely English- (or Spanish-)speaking - as well as increasing numbers of transfers from other Orthodox jurisdictions, and converts to Orthodoxy.
The Russian Exarchate of North America was another jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church under its Patriarchate of Moscow from 1933 to 1970.
Moscow was permitted to replace this Exarchate, and a diocese in Canada, with a non-diocesan patriarchal vicariate in each country, the United States and Canada, when it and the Metropolia were reconciled, and Moscow recognized the Metropolia's autocephaly, in 1970.
It was long known around the world as the home of the Formula One United States Grand Prix, which it hosted for twenty consecutive years (1961–1980), but the site has also been home to road racing of nearly every class, including the World Sportscar Championship, Trans-Am, Can-Am, NASCAR Cup Series, the International Motor Sports Association and the IndyCar Series.
The circuit's current layout has more or less been the same since 1971, with minor modifications after the fatal crashes of François Cevert in 1973 and J.D.
The circuit is known as the Mecca of North American road racing and is a very popular venue among fans and drivers.
The circuit also has been the site of music concerts: the 1973 Summer Jam, featuring The Allman Brothers Band, the Grateful Dead and The Band and attended by 600,000 fans, and two Phish festivals: Super Ball IX in 2011 and Magnaball in 2015.
The Watkins Glen International race course has undergone several changes over the years, with five general layouts widely recognized over its history.
With local Chamber of Commerce approval and SCCA sanction, the first Watkins Glen Grand Prix took place in 1948 on a course over local public roads.
For the first few years, the races passed through the heart of the town with spectators lining the sidewalks, but after a car driven by Fred Wacker left the road in the 1952 race, killing seven-year-old Frank Fazzari and injuring several others, the race was moved to a new location on a wooded hilltop southwest of town.
The original course is listed in the New York State register and National Register of Historic Places as the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Course, 1948–1952.
The 1971 Six Hours race was run on the short course layout, and that layout colloquially became known as the 1971 Six Hours Course.
At the end of the backstretch, after the Loop-Chute, cars swept left into a new four-turn complex that departed from the old layout, curling left-hand downhill through the woods.
The track followed the edge of the hillside to two uphill right-hand turns, over an exciting blind crest into a right-hand turn, down and up into a left-hand turn rejoining the old track.
By that time, nearly all facility improvements were completed, and the pits and start/finish line were permanently moved to the new pit straight.
In 1973, French driver François Cevert, a previous winner at the Glen, died in a crash during practice at the 1973 United States Grand Prix.
This led course officials in 1975 to add a fast right-left chicane to slow speeds in the turn 3-4 Esses section.
In 1991, during the IMSA Camel Continental VIII, Tommy Kendall's Intrepid RM-1 prototype crashed in the Loop, severely injuring his legs.
Seven weeks later, NASCAR Winston Cup driver J. D. McDuffie died in an accident at the same site during the 1991 Budweiser at The Glen.
In reaction to the crashes, for 1992 track officials constructed a bus stop chicane along the back straight just before arriving at the Loop.
After two editions of the Formula One United States Grand Prix that were deemed less than successful (Sebring in 1959, and Riverside in 1960), promoters were looking for a new venue to become the permanent home for the United States Grand Prix.
In 1961, just six weeks before the scheduled date for another Formula Libre race that fall, Argetsinger was tapped to prepare Watkins Glen for the final round of the Formula One World Championship.
While many of the necessary preparations had already been made, new pits were constructed to satisfy European standards of pit boxes with overhead cover.
Seven American drivers participated, and the race was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus-Climax with American Dan Gurney driving a Porsche 718 coming in second.
Having already won both Driver's and Constructor's World Championships and still mourning the death of Wolfgang von Trips at Monza, Ferrari decided not to compete in the United States GP.
Ferrari's decision not to travel to the United States for the season's final round deprived Hill of the opportunity to participate in his home race as the newly crowned World Champion, and Hill appeared only as the event's Grand Marshal.
The United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen quickly became an autumnal tradition as huge crowds of knowledgeable racing fans flocked to Upstate New York each year amid the spectacular autumn colors of the region.
The race was also among the most popular on the global Grand Prix calendar with the teams and drivers because its starting and prize money often exceeded those of the other races combined.
The race received the Grand Prix Drivers' Association award for the best organized and best staged GP of the season in 1965, 1970, and 1972.
Wearing a lavender suit, clenching a big cigar in his mouth, and giving the job everything he had, Hopkins was the most recognizable starter in Grand Prix racing.
Once the cars had taken their places, Hopkins strode across the front of the grid with his back to the field, turned, and jumped into the air while waving the national flag to start the race.
At the finish, he would meet the winner in similar fashion, this time waving the checkered flag as the car crossed the line.
Before the 1971 race, the course underwent its most significant changes of the Grand Prix era, as it was extended from to by the addition of four corners in a new section called the 'Boot' or 'Anvil'.
The new layout departed from the old course near the south end into a curling downhill left-hand turn through the woods.
The track followed the edge of the hillside to two consecutive right-hand turns, over an exciting blind crest to a left-hand turn, and back onto the old track.
Despite the improvements, the circuit became unsafe for the increasingly faster and stiffer ground effect cars of the late 1970s and a few horrendous, sometimes fatal accidents (such as those that claimed the lives of Helmut Koinigg and François Cevert).
Finally, in May, 1981, several months after Alan Jones had won the 1980 race for Williams, the International Auto Sports Federation removed the race from its schedule because the track had failed to pay its $800,000 debt to the teams.
The Glen hosted a variety of other events throughout the Grand Prix years: from Can-Am, Trans-Am, IROC, and Endurance Sports car racing, to Formula 5000 and the CART series, these races strengthened the circuit's reputation as the premier road racing facility in the United States.
Different races were sometimes featured together on the same weekend (e.g., Six Hours and Can-Am) and drew sizable crowds, but without a Formula One race, the circuit struggled to survive.
In 1983, Corning Enterprises, a subsidiary of nearby Corning, partnered with International Speedway Corporation to purchase the track and rename it, Watkins Glen International.
In 1986, the top NASCAR series returned to Watkins Glen after a long layoff, holding one of only three road races on its schedule (two beginning in 1988), using the 1971 Six Hours course, raced when the new section off the Loop-Chute was not finished in time.
As the cars come off the Loop-Chute, instead of making the downhill left into Turn 6, the cars shot straight through the straight, and headed toward Turn 10, as was the case from 1961 until 1970.
NASCAR Busch Series (now called Xfinity Series) action would arrive in 1991 with a race on the weekend of the Camel Continental, won by Terry Labonte, who would be a master of the circuit during its Busch Series races, winning the inaugural race, and winning three consecutive races from 1995 until 1997.
The 1995 race would be the first conducted as a race, and became the first Busch Series race to be televised on broadcast network television, as CBS broadcast the race live until TNN took over in 1997.
In 1998, the race went against the Cup race in Sonoma, California, eliminating the idea, and stayed that way until 2000.
The race was eliminated from the schedule after the 2001 season, however, only to return in 2005 as an undercard to the Nextel Cup race.
Seven weeks later, NASCAR Cup Series driver J. D. McDuffie died in an accident at the same site in the 1991 Bud at the Glen.
In 1996, the Glen Continental reverted to a six-hour format, and was once again called the Six Hours at the Glen with the IMSA format, and stayed there until a split in American sports car racing.
In 1998, the race became an event sanctioned by the Sports Car Club of America under their United States Road Racing Championship.
In 1999, the FIA GT series staged a 500 km race of three hours with some USRRC entrants after USRRC canceled the last two rounds of their season before their six-hour event at the track.
The following year, the six-hour race returned once again with the newly founded Grand American Road Racing Association (Grand-Am) sanctioning the event.
In 1997, International Speedway Corporation became the sole owner of the course, as Corning Enterprises believed they had completed their intended goals to rebuild the race track and increase tourism in the southern Finger Lakes region of New York State.
When the fiftieth anniversary of road racing in Watkins Glen was celebrated during the 1998 racing season, this event was the climax, returning many original cars and drivers to the original street circuit through the village during the Grand Prix Festival Race Reenactment.
After a 25-year layoff, major-league open wheel racing returned to the track as one of three road courses on the 2005 Indy Racing League schedule.
Grandstands from Pennsylvania's Nazareth Speedway, which had closed, were installed, the gravel in The 90 was removed and replaced with a paved runoff area, and curbing was cut down for the Indy Racing League event.
Previously, the high curbing in the chicane had become a place where Cup Series cars would bounce high off the curbing, creating an ideal opportunity for cars to lose control, and to slow cars.
Other areas of the track received improvements as well: the exits of turn 2 (the bottom of the esses), the chicane, turn 6 (the entrance to the boot), turn 9, and turn 11 all had additional runoff areas created and safety barrier upgrades.
The carousel run off was paved, as well as turn 1 (the 90) and the esses were paved in the winter of 2006–07.
Augmenting what was already in place along the front stretch, additional high safety fences were installed on the overpasses crossing the service roads at the top of the esses and just out of the boot immediately after the exit of turn 9.
The new start-finish line also meant the starting lights used for club races were moved farther ahead, creating more action off Turn 11 as tactics changed with the later finish line, where slingshot moves could become paramount to the finish.
A new media center was constructed to replace the former building, which also had been the control tower with the 1971 improvements.
The aging structure had been the bane of many professional media members during those years with many uncomplimentary things published and broadcast about its inadequacies, especially the lack of insulation, air conditioning, few (if any) amenities that other facilities had, which resulted in race control moving to the new control tower at the start-finish line in 2006.
A new section of Bronson Hill leading up from NY 414 was built as the main ingress road to the facility, bending south at Gate 6 and continuing to County Road 16, just south of the credentials and sheriff's office buildings.
Race Services Inc. provides the track with volunteers to work Fire-Rescue, Medical, Grid personnel, and Corner workers to help keep both the drivers and spectators safe.
The Argetsinger family is an advisor to the circuit, and the track named the trophy for the inaugural Watkins Glen Indy Grand Prix presented by Argent in honour of the late patriarch, Cameron.
On March 6, 2007, just before 9 pm, fire destroyed the recently remodeled Glen Club situated on top of the esses.
Originally called the Onyx Club (named for the sponsor, Onyx Cologne), the Glen Club was used primarily as an upscale venue for race fans.
After being recently remodeled, it was being advertised as a social venue for locals to use for weddings, business meetings, etc.
Glen officials were quoted in local media stories as being adamant that the loss of the Glen Club would not affect the 2007 racing schedule.
Additionally, Brad Penn lubricants of Pennsylvania (former Kendall Oil refinery) was announced as the sponsor of the annual vintage sports car weekend for 2007 and 2008.
IndyCar took a six-year hiatus from the facility when the series pulled out of the Glen after 2010 due to a dispute with track owner ISC.
14 Mobil 1 Chevy for four laps around the circuit while Hamilton drove the MP4-23, Vodafone McLaren Mercedes's entry in the 2008 Formula One season.
Before this event the curbs on some of the turns were changed, the white rumble strips being replaced by the more common, red-white designs seen on most road courses around the world.
Prior to the 2014 season, the track was cleaning out a storage barn on track property when the original Dunlop Bridge was found.
The bridge was originally used as a VIP area for Dunlop until being moved for use as the starters stand years later.
The bridge was put back up at the exit to the 90 near the original location where it once stood near the original start/finish line for the track and is now once again used for VIP use by companies on race weekends with the company sponsoring the bridge.
After the 2014 racing season, it was announced that the 2015 racing season would conclude with the NASCAR weekend in early August.
In March 2015, owing to the success of their previous concert, Phish said they would do another concert at WGI in late August.
In August 2015, with repaving already having taken place in the Boot, NASCAR announced that they are considering running the full Grand Prix Course.
2016 would see the return of IndyCar racing to Watkins Glen, with the track being added to the schedule following the collapse of plans for a street race in Boston.
It was held over the Labor Day weekend and used the full layout: ICS officials were also in negotiations with WGI to race there on a permanent basis.
The Bitterroot Range is a mountain range and a subrange of the Rocky Mountains that runs along the border of Montana and Idaho in the northwestern United States.
In 1805, the Corps of Discovery, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and aided by Sacajawea of the Shoshone Native American tribe, crossed the Bitterroot Range several times.
The entire expedition then crossed the pass to the Salmon River valley, and the next month entered the Bitterroot Valley from the south via either Lost Trail Pass or Chief Joseph Pass.
According to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, the Bitterroot Range runs from Pend Oreille Lake (near Sandpoint, Idaho) to Monida Pass.
The mountain range's two highest peaks are the 7,352 foot (2,241 m) Cherry Peak and the 6,837 foot (2,084 m) Patricks Knob.
The Saint Joe Mountains, the smallest named portion of the Bitterroot Range, encompass an area of 698 square miles (1,808 km²).
They lie between the St. Joe River on the south, the Coeur d'Alene River on the north, the Slate Creek saddle on the east and the plateau of the Moscow, Idaho/Pullman, Washington area on the Idaho/Washington border.
The Bitterroot Mountains, comprising the Northern and Central Bitterroot Ranges, are the largest portion of the Bitterroot Range and encompass an area of 4,862 square miles (12,593 km²).
The mountains are bordered on the north by Lolo Creek, on the south by the Salmon River, on the east by the Bitterroot River and Valley, and on the west by the Selway and Lochsa Rivers.
They lie to the east of the Bitterroot Mountains and lie to the west of the Big Hole Basin and the Pioneer Mountains.
Passes in the mountains include Lemhi Pass, Bannock Pass, Big Hole Pass, Big Hole Pass II, Junction Pass and Monida Pass.
The Beaverheads are further subdivided into the West Big Hole Mountains, the Big Hole Divide, the Tendoy Mountains, the Italian Peaks, and the Garfield Peaks.
The Centennials are home to Brower's Spring, discovered in 1888 by Jacob V. Brower, which is believed to be the furthest point on the Missouri River.
The site is now commemorated by a rock cairn at the source of Hellroaring Creek, which flows into Red Rock River and then into Clark canyon reservoir, where it joins the Beaverhead River and then the Big Hole River, before ultimately joining with the Jefferson River.
Chinatown bus lines are discount intercity bus services, often run by Chinese Americans and Chinese Canadians, that have been established primarily in the Chinatown communities of the East Coast of the United States and Central Canada since 1998, although similar services have cropped up on the West Coast.
Some companies have been shut down either temporarily or permanently by regulatory authorities, while others continue to operate subject to increased safety checks.
The low-overhead, low-fare services have been popular, helping to drive down the prices of competing services such as Greyhound, Megabus and BoltBus.
By the late 20th century, intercity bus service in the United States had fallen from 140 million annual passengers in 1960 to 40 million in 1990.
The decline was such that by 1997, the year Chinatown buses started operating, intercity bus transportation accounted for only 3.6% of travel in the United States.
Chinese-operated intercity bus service originated that year when the Chinese working class found a necessity to travel from New York City, Boston, and Atlantic City.
The first companies to offer such intercity bus services offered minimal features, including unmarked curbside bus stops as well as no advertisements and no customer service, which drastically reduced overhead for Chinatown bus lines.
In 1998, two intercity bus companies commenced routes: the Fung Wah Bus, between New York City and Boston, and the Eastern Shuttle and New Century Travel and Tours (now Focus Travel), between New York City and Philadelphia.
The bus services originally transported workers in Chinese restaurants to and from jobs in Boston, Atlantic City, Cherry Hill Mall, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., among other cities.
Between 1997 and 2007, Chinatown buses took 60% of Greyhound Lines' market share in the Northeast United States; Riders of Chinatown buses made up over half of the riders of Northeast intercity buses during that time, bringing total ridership of intercity buses in the area to more than 7 million annual riders.
Competition from newly enriched companies, as well as the commencement of online ticket sales, caused a severe reduction in fares by 2002.
Some bus lines are used to transport large groups of mainly Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants to and from casinos such as Foxwoods Resort Casino and Mohegan Sun, which are located in Connecticut.
For example, in September 2004, the city of Boston required all regularly scheduled intercity bus services to operate exclusively to and from the South Station transportation terminal.
A complication with this arrangement was that the South Station bus terminal has only 25 gates (along with two departure gates), all of which were used at the time until other companies left.
In 2003 and 2004, a number of bus arsons, driver assaults, murders, and other gang violence in New York City were linked to the possible infiltration of Asian organized crime gangs into the industry.
Among the crimes believed to have been associated with gang activity was a deadly shooting in May 2003, on a busy street, which may have been in retaliation for a driver having backed his bus into a rival; as revenge, two buses were set on fire in 2004.
In January 2004, the boyfriend of a bus worker was lethally shot in what appeared to be a bus feud, and in March 2004, a Chinatown bus operator was killed in another fatal shooting.
In a June 2004 incident tied to criminal gangs, two people—a Chinatown bus driver and a bystander—were murdered in a bar in Flushing, Queens, and another was shot in the leg.
In 2013, police confiscated 254 guns and arrested 19 people in the largest gun-smuggling ring in New York City's history; the suspects were accused of shipping guns from North Carolina and South Carolina to the Northern United States via Chinatown buses.
The fleet used by various Chinabus companies can vary greatly from new coaches to older, pre-owned coaches, and with a few notable exceptions such as Eastern Shuttle and routes to Boston, not all units are branded with the operator name other than required USDOT markings.
With the exception of Eastern Shuttle and services to Boston (all of which use clearly marked buses), many Chinatown bus companies use wet leases to provide overflow capacity during the weekend.
Typically, a bus (and a driver) would be chartered from a tour bus operator, a practice also used by mainstream companies such as Greyhound Lines during peak service.
For instance, the trip from State College, Pennsylvania, to New York City takes about four hours on the Chinatown bus, compared to more than seven hours on Greyhound.
However, although the Chinatown buses are often cheaper than alternative modes of transport like Amtrak and airplanes, they are also slower; for example, Amtrak and airplanes take about 2.75 to 3.5 hours to travel from New York City to Washington, D.C., while Chinatown buses take 4 to 5 hours, with a stopover usually in Philadelphia.
The Appalachian extensions of these lines tend to offer less of a price advantage; for example, in August 2006, one-way fares from New York to Pittsburgh on the Chinese-owned All State were $35 compared with $45 advance through Greyhound Lines, while tickets from State College, Pennsylvania, to New York were $35, compared to $46 for Greyhound.
Low prices led to high demand for many Chinatown bus routes, and although a single round trip can incur hundreds of dollars in expenses, a fully booked bus can net at least $340 in profits per round trip after these expenses are paid.
Often, ticket booths are walk-up windows on the street, or are located inside restaurants and bakeries throughout a given Chinatown community, although it is not uncommon for tickets to be sold on the street directly.
However, tickets are often sold online, either by the bus companies themselves or by portals and print-outs of confirmation emails are used as tickets.
Passengers are usually directed to wait along a given curbside for the arrival of the bus, although many companies offer waiting areas at or near the pickup points.
In New York, several bus lines pick up passengers on a stretch of Forsyth Street at the foot of the Manhattan Bridge in the Little Fuzhou neighborhood within Manhattan's Chinatown.
In addition, since there are no advertisements and often no websites for these bus lines, knowledge of such bus lines is often spread verbally.
In addition to in Boston and in the various Chinatowns in the New York metropolitan area within New York City and Long Island, several bus line companies also link to the Chinatowns of Edison, New Jersey; Cherry Hill Mall; Philadelphia; Washington, D.C.; Baltimore; Atlanta; and to the casinos of Atlantic City.
On the West Coast, buses link the Chinatowns of the San Francisco Bay Area; Los Angeles Chinatown and the San Gabriel Valley; and Las Vegas' Chinatown and casinos.
In the I-5 corridor in California, similar services are found in the Hispanic community and provide transportation to/from Baja California in Mexico.
Many Chinatown buses have their base of operation in New York City, and it has been proposed to build a Chinatown bus hub there.
New York-to-Boston Chinatown buses generally use the Massachusetts Turnpike from Boston to I-84, and then follow I-84 to I-91 to I-95.
In Philadelphia, the Independence Transportation Center was built in part due on a 2007 survey by the Philadelphia Chinatown Development Corporation, which concluded that many tourists arrived by bus and that some Chinatown buses disruptively parked on the street.
In Boston in 2004, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority required Chinatown buses to make stops inside South Station and to have permits.
Although Fung Wah Bus Transportation was often ticketed for curbside parking offenses in Boston, they eventually became one of two Chinatown buses headquartered in South Station (besides Lucky Star Bus) because the fines for curbside parking were becoming higher than the South Station terminal fees.
Besides the routes within the major North Eastern cities, several Chinatown buses have daily routes that run from New York City to Miami.
In order to save time, the buses never go into the city, but instead stop at gas stations and rest stops along I-95.
In addition to being used by gamblers who receive free play vouchers, there are several riders, mostly low-income or homeless people, who would sell their free play vouchers upon arriving at the casino and hang around Bethlehem for the day without gambling before returning to New York City.
An example of this can also be found in the Southern United States where tour companies offer bus services from Houston's Chinatown to Lake Charles area casinos.
Chinatown buses have been involved in numerous accidents over the years, and there have been 34 intercity bus accidents across the United States in 2001–2011.
On a 2006 safety scale of 0 to 100, where 0 was the safest and 100 the most dangerous, Chinatown bus lines were ranked as between 71 and 99, while Greyhound Lines got a very safe rating of 0.
In March 2011, two fatal crashes—the World Wide Tours bus crash on Interstate 95 in New York, and a New Jersey Turnpike crash—led officials to confiscate six buses for inadequate brake air pressure, steering violations, and lacking driver paperwork.
After the August 2005 incident, the Massachusetts Department of Telecommunications and Energy instituted a policy of holding three surprise inspections per month on all bus companies that leave South Station in Boston.
US Senator Chuck Schumer of New York proposed a four-point federal plan that includes surprise inspections and creating a national safety standard for bus operators.
The city of New York may institute a similar policy; however, inspections would be difficult in New York City because the buses do not all leave the city from the same location.
The columnist also alleged that the inspectors were also very strict in deciding which parts of the buses were defective, describing the inspectors as having confiscated several buses for minor issues.
The Niagara campaign occurred in 1814 and was the final campaign launched by the United States to invade Canada during the War of 1812.
The American forces, commanded by General Jacob Brown and General Winfield Scott, began the campaign with the Capture of Fort Erie on the Niagara Peninsula.
At the Battle of Lundy's Lane, both sides claimed victory, but because U.S. forces had suffered so many casualties, they pulled back to Fort Erie.
Following their return to the fort, the British, under Gordon Drummond, attempted to capture the fort and the Siege of Fort Erie followed.
After a small engagement at Cook's Mills, American forces, commanded by General George Izard, abandoned Fort Erie and returned to the U.S. territory for winter quarters.
Ethiopia was one of the earliest nations to adopt Christianity in the first half of the 4th century, and its historical roots date to the time of the Apostles.
The churches themselves date from the 7th to 13th centuries, and are traditionally dated to the reign of the Zagwe king Gebre Mesqel Lalibela (r. ca.
The layout and names of the major buildings in Lalibela are widely accepted, especially by local clergy, to be a symbolic representation of Jerusalem.
This has led some experts to date the current church forms to the years following the capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by the Muslim leader Saladin.
The saint-king was named because a swarm of bees is said to have surrounded him at his birth, which his mother took as a sign of his future reign as emperor of Ethiopia.
The names of several places in the modern town and the general layout of the rock-cut churches themselves are said to mimic names and patterns observed by Lalibela during the time he spent as a youth in Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
Lalibela, revered as a saint, is said to have seen Jerusalem, and then attempted to build a new Jerusalem as his capital in response to the capture of old Jerusalem by Muslims in 1187.
Although Ramuso included plans of several of these churches in his 1550 printing of Álvares' book, who supplied the drawings remains a mystery.
The next reported European visitor to Lalibela was Miguel de Castanhoso, who served as a soldier under Cristóvão da Gama and left Ethiopia in 1544.
After de Castanhoso, more than 300 years passed until the next European, Gerhard Rohlfs, visited Lalibela some time between 1865 and 1870.
Though the dating of the churches is not well established, most are thought to have been built during the reign of Lalibela, namely during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Farther afield, lie the monastery of Ashetan Maryam and Yemrehana Krestos Church (possibly eleventh century, built in the Aksumite fashion, but within a cave).
Since the time spent to carve these structures from the living rock must have taken longer than the few decades of King Lalibela's reign, Buxton assumes that the work extended into the 14th century.
However, David Phillipson, professor of African archeology at University of Cambridge, has proposed that the churches of Merkorios, Gabriel-Rufael, and Danagel were initially carved out of the rock half a millennium earlier, as fortifications or other palace structures in the waning days of the Kingdom of Aksum, and that Lalibela's name simply came to be associated with them after his death.
On the other hand, local historian Getachew Mekonnen credits Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, Lalibela's queen, with having one of the rock-hewn churches, Biete Abba Libanos, built as a memorial for her husband after his death.
Contrary to claims made by pseudoarchaeologist writers like Graham Hancock, Buxton states the great rock-hewn churches of Lalibela were not built with the help of the Knights Templar; asserting abundant evidence exists to show that they were produced solely by medieval Ethiopian civilization.
The churches are also a significant engineering feat, given that they are all associated with water (which fills the wells next to many of the churches), exploiting an artesian geological system that brings the water up to the top of the mountain ridge on which the city rests.
In a 1970 report of the historic dwellings of Lalibela, Sandro Angelini evaluated the vernacular earthen architecture on the Lalibela World Heritage Site, including the characteristics of the traditional earth houses and analysis of their state of conservation.
Based on previous figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, the town had an estimated total population of 14,668 of whom 7,049 were males and 7,619 were females.
, as of April 2017 is a Japanese professor and dean of the Faculty of Information Networking for Innovation and Design at Toyo University, Japan.
As of 2006, Sakamura leads the ubiquitous networking laboratory (UNL), located in Gotanda, Tokyo as well as the T-Engine forum for consumer electronics.
The joint goal of Sakamura's Ubiquitous Networking specification and the T-Engine forum, is to enable any everyday device to broadcast and receive information.
On September 15, 2004, YRP-UNL announced in Japan that it has started the production of a new model after creating five prototypes over three years.
The new model (weighing about 196 grams) contains new features: RFID reader compatible for ucode, a two megapixel CCD camera, a secondary 300,000 pixel camera for video phone, support for wireless network technologies, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and IrDA, VoIP phone feature, SD and mini-SD card slots, fingerprint authentication, and encryption co-processor as options.
In May, 2015, Sakamura received the prestigious ITU150 award from ITU along with Bill Gates, Robert E. Kahn, Thomas Wiegand, Mark I. Krivocheev, and Martin Cooper.
... Today, the real-time operating systems based on the TRON specifications are used for engine control on automobiles, mobile phones, digital cameras, and many other appliances, and are believed to be the among most popular operating systems for embedded computers around world.
At first she was meant to debut as a solo artist, but as Max Matsuura suggested, she then formed a duo with Igarashi, and then a trio when Ichiro Ito was incorporated as a guitarist.
Following her debut with Every Little Thing, Mochida became a popular fashion icon in Japan, and started to appear in TV commercials for a wide variety of beauty products.
After the departure of Mitsuru Igarashi from Every Little Thing in 2000, Mochida started to take more control in the music making process, and soon started to write her own songs.
The album featured collaborations with several artists, such as Lisa Ono, Ikuko Harada, Yuichi Ohata, Bic Runga, ohashiTrio, and Sean Lennon.
She obtained a degree in French language and literature from Fudan University (复旦大学) in 1983 and worked as a translator and interpreter before moving to Montreal in 1989.
It is an exclamation typically used after Homer injures himself, realizes that he has done something stupid, or when something bad has happened or is about to happen to him.
All his prominent blood relations—son Bart, daughters Lisa and Maggie, his father, his mother and half-brother—have also been heard to use it themselves in similar circumstances.
On a few occasions Homer's wife Marge and even non-related characters such as Mr. Burns and Sideshow Bob have also used this phrase.
This was inspired by Jimmy Finlayson, the mustachioed Scottish actor who appeared in 33 Laurel and Hardy films, from the pre-sound era up to 1940.
As the word arose out of Castellaneta's interpretation of a non-specific direction, it did not have an official spelling for several years.
Sally Mann HonFRPS (born May 1, 1951) is an American photographer, widely known for her large-format, black-and-white photographs—at first of her young children, then later of landscapes suggesting decay and death.
Her father, Robert S. Munger, was a general practitioner, and her mother, Elizabeth Evans Munger, ran the bookstore at Washington and Lee University in Lexington.
Mann was introduced to photography by her father, who encouraged her interest in photography; his 5x7 camera became the basis of her use of large format cameras today.
She earned a BA, summa cum laude, from Hollins College (now Hollins University) in 1974 and a MA in creative writing in 1975.
She took up photography at Putney where, she claims, her motive was to be alone in the darkroom with her boyfriend.
In one image from the book (shown to the right), Mann says that the young girl was extremely reluctant to stand closer to her mother's boyfriend.
Many of the pictures were taken at the family's remote summer cabin along the river, where the children played and swam in the nude.
Many explore typical childhood themes (skinny dipping, reading the funnies, dressing up, vamping, napping, playing board games) but others touch on darker themes such as insecurity, loneliness, injury, sexuality and death.
The controversy on its release was intense, including accusations of child pornography (both in America and abroad) and of contrived fiction with constructed tableaux.
He views such work as a violation of the responsibility of parents to do everything in their power to protect, shelter, and nurture their children.
Jessie told Steven Cantor during the filming of one of his movies that she had just been playing around and her mother told her to freeze, and she tried to capture the image in a rush because the sun was setting.
This habit of nudity is a family thing because Mann says she used to walk around her house naked when she was growing up.
As painful as the image looks, there are a great number of viewers who could relate to Jessie when they think about the broken bones and stitched up cuts they had during childhood.
Mann recorded a combination of spontaneous and carefully arranged moments of childhood repose and revealingly — sometimes unnervingly — imaginative play.
What the outraged critics of her child nudes failed to grant was the patent devotion involved throughout the project and the delighted complicity of her son and daughters in so many of the solemn or playful events.
No other collection of family photographs is remotely like it, in both its naked candor and the fervor of its maternal curiosity and care.
I unilaterally decided.” The children apparently did not like this decision and Mann and her husband arranged for Emmett and Jessie to talk to a psychologist to be sure their feelings were honest, and so that they understood what the publication would do.
In the mid-1990s, Mann began photographing landscapes on wet plate collodion 8x10 inch glass negatives, and used the same 100 year-old 8x10 format bellows view camera that she had used for all the previous bodies of work.
Filmmaker Steven Cantor directed two films about Mann's life: Blood Ties: The Life and Work of Sally Mann (1994) was nominated for an Oscar for best documentary short, and What Remains: The Life and Work of Sally Mann premiered on television in 2007.
These cameras have wooden frames, accordion-like bellows and long lenses made out of brass, now held together by tape that has mold growing inside.
The first section contains photographs of the remains of Eva, her greyhound, after decomposition, along with the photographs of dead and decomposing bodies at a federal forensic anthropology facility (known as the ‘body farm’).
The second part details the site on her property where an armed escaped convict was killed in a shootout with police.
The third part is a study of the grounds of Antietam, the site of the bloodiest single day battle in American history during the Civil War.
Though not strictly a retrospective, this 200-page book included new and recent work (unpublished self-portraits, landscapes, images of her husband, her children's faces, and of the dead at a forensic institute) as well as early works (unpublished color photographs of her children in the 1990s, color Polaroids, and platinum prints from the 1970s).
Its unifying theme is the body, with its vagaries of illnesses and death, and includes essays by John Ravenal, David Levi Strauss, and Anne Wilkes Tucker.
The two photographers discussed their respective careers, particularly the ways in which photographing personal lives became a source of professional controversy.
Gee-Gee, a black woman who was a surrogate parent, who opened Mann's eyes to race relations and exploitation, her relationship with local artist Cy Twombly, and her father's genteel southern legacy and his eventual death are also examined.
They include a series of portraits of black men, all made during one-hour sessions in the studio with models not previously known to her.
This book and exhibit also introduced a series of photographs of African American historic churches photographed on expired film, and a series of tintype photographs of a swamp that served as refuge for escaped slaves.
Some critics see in Mann's work a deep working through of the legacy of white violence in the South, while others have voiced concern that Mann's work at times repeats rather than critiques tropes of white domination and violence in the American southeast.
In the horse's death throes, Mann was thrown to the ground, the horse rolled over her, and the impact broke her back.
It took her two years to recover from the accident and during this time, she made a series of ambrotype self-portraits.
Her works are included in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the Whitney Museum of New York City among many others.
Reception to the character has been generally negative, with video game reviewers criticizing mainly his voice and appearance, which led Slippy to be included in several lists of the most annoying video game characters.
Slippy was ranked as the sixth video game sidekicks that GamesRadar's staff most hated, while 1UP.com placed him second in a similar list, criticizing the fact that he does not bring any special quality to the Star Fox's cast.
Sulejman Tihić (26 November 1951 – 25 September 2014) was a Bosniak politician, a leading member of Party of Democratic Action (SDA).
Francis A. Boyle stated in his correspondence to the public that Sulejman Tihić and Sakib Softić had ordered the restitution request from his original lawsuit in the Bosnian Genocide Case to be voided, thereby returning a favor to his coalition partners Alliance of Independent Social Democrats in Republika Srpska.
When the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina started in April 1992, Tihić was captured by Serb soldiers and was tortured in three concentration camps in Bosnia (in Bosanski Šamac, Brčko, and the Batković camp in Bijeljina) before being taken by helicopter to the Batajnica neighborhood of Belgrade in Serbia.
On 22 August 2014, he was hospitalized at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo and died there on 25 September 2014, aged 62.
The parts are notated for modern trumpets in C; however, they are actually written using only the notes of three different harmonic series based on F, C and D and could thus be performed on three natural trumpets in those three keys.
The natural trumpets were not specified by the composer; indeed it may have been a bit early in the rediscovery of natural trumpet playing for it to be safe to do so.
This technique had been used by the classical composers in horn section writing, to enable lines to be played outside the natural scale (e.g.
Dauvernè was Arban's teacher (the father of modern-day trumpeting) and wrote one of the last methods for the dying art of natural trumpet playing, including some of the first exercises for the cornet and valved trumpet.
Nevertheless, the scoring is sometimes taken as signal enough to justify playing it on natural trumpets, on which it works well.
This multitonal use of natural instruments is an interesting trick which might have caused some surprise at the height of the natural trumpet's power in the Baroque era, when three playing together would almost always have been in the same key.
These are not only separated from each other in key but also in style: although they all include some long notes at phrase ends, overall one is a bouncy 6/8, one a martial-sounding, bold statement, and one a series of smooth arpeggios.
As the last playthrough progresses it gradually dawns on the listener that a unity is emerging from the chaos as the long notes start to settle and overlap: by the last few bars the three trumpets are playing triumphant block chords together.
Many recordings are available, but nearly always on compilations of modern brass or fanfare music – the piece is so short that it almost never receives separate billing.
Though primarily used by the Federal Bureau of Prisons or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, JPATS also assists military and state law enforcement.
JPATS was formed in 1985 from the merger of the Marshals Service air fleet with that of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Air fleet operations are located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, with hubs in Las Vegas, Nevada; Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Additionally, the Federal Transfer Center at Oklahoma City's Will Rogers World Airport was built especially to facilitate prisoner transport on JPATS.
Smaller jets and turboprops are also used to transport individual prisoners who are considered particularly dangerous or notorious, as well as individuals in the witness protection program.
Immediately after the September 11, 2001 attacks, when the Federal Aviation Administration grounded all civilian air service, JPATS was the only civilian passenger-carrying air service allowed to continue flying in U.S. airspace.
This posed numerous problems, including danger to civilians, a backlog of marshals needed to perform such escorts, and a high taxpayer expense.
Though no purpose was originally designated for this plane, one official had the idea of using it for the mass transportation of federal inmates.
The airline ultimately improved the efficiency of inmate transportation and made the sight of a shackled commercial airline passenger largely a thing of the past.
Inmates scheduled to fly are given little or no advance notice of their flight, to deter escapes and sabotage, and to prevent harm from outsiders.
Passengers aboard a flight are restrained with handcuffs as well as ankle and waist chains which are double- or even triple-locked.
Those who pose additional danger may be forced to wear additional restraints, such as reinforced mittens that completely isolate and almost completely immobilize the hands, handcuff covers which conceal the keyholes, and face masks to prevent biting and spitting.
However, due to FAA regulations inmates are not physically restrained to their seats in any way except for seat belts used during takeoff and landing.
Suhr was a career .279 hitter with 84 home runs and 818 RBI in 1435 games played with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1930–39) and Philadelphia Phillies (1939–40).
He hit better than .300 twice, with a career high .312 in 1936 and .303 in 1939 with the Pirates and Phillies.
During that season, he became the only player in baseball history to be sued (in addition to his team) by a fan injured after being struck by a foul ball he hit.
Selected for the 1936 All-Star game, Suhr played 1,339 games at first base for Pittsburgh, a team record for a Pirates' first baseman.
On September 11, 1931, Suhr started a then National League record streak of 822 games played, which ended on June 4, 1937 when he missed a game to attend his mother's funeral.
Most of the cadmium produced worldwide has been used in the production of rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries — themselves being replaced by other rechargeable nickel-chemistry cell varieties like NiMH cells — but about half the remaining consumption of cadmium, which is about annually, is used to produce colored cadmium pigments.
The principal pigments are a family of yellow, orange and red cadmium sulfides and sulfoselenides as well as compounds with metals other than cadmium.
Brilliantly colored, with good permanence and tinting power, cadmium yellow, cadmium orange and cadmium red are familiar artists’ colors, as well as being frequently employed as architectural paints, since they can add life and vibrancy to renderings.
Their greatest use is in the coloring of plastics and specialty paints which must resist processing or service temperatures up to .
When first introduced, there were hardly any stable pigments in the yellow to red range, with orange and bright red being very troublesome.
The palette is often referred to as 'cadmium colors' or 'cadmium-based colors' and is marked by uniquely bright and saturated tones not found in other colored glass.
Cadmium pigments used in borosilicate have a relatively short history, with the first commercial formulations hitting the market in 2000 under the name 'Crayon Colors' by Henry Grimmett of Glass Alchemy.
Cadmium-compound-containing glass exhibits a characteristically low heat tolerance when melted and therefore must be treated with caution when lampworking to avoid boiling off of the cadmium sulfide.
CdS has a boiling point of , putting its maximum temperature tolerance as a pigment not far above the working temperature range for borosilicate, which has a softening point of approximately .
Cadmium sulfide is not very toxic ( above 5,000 mg/kg) when used as a pigment, although acute exposure to cadmium vapors from welding is harmful.
In some countries, consumer activists such as Michael Vernon in Australia were successful in banning the use of cadmium pigments in plastics that could be used for toy manufacture, owing to the toxicity of cadmium.
In December 2013, the Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI) proposed a case to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in favor of restricting or banning cadmium use in pigments used in artists’ paints, as cadmium in pigments used in other types of paints was already restricted and regulated via TARIC codes and REACH Annex XVII.
This proposal stated that cadmium in the body leads to increased risk of bone fractures and breast cancer and an array of environmental impacts.
Inhalation is the biggest risk of these pigments, though cadmium is very low-risk sealed within a pigment particle due to insolubility.
The use of chalk pastels containing cadmium colors is of the highest risks when it comes to relevant artist media, since as the pastel is used it is creates a dust which can be inhaled, unlike when using paints.
KEMI's proposal stated that paint washed down the drain is absorbed by crops, which in turn are consumed and increase the average dietary cadmium intake.
This can cause an array of health effects, including kidney and liver damage, skeletal damage, several types of cancers, and death.
Cadmium is introduced into the body most commonly through smoking, and in individuals who do not smoke, the next most common instance is through dietary consumption.
The designated marksman (DM), squad advanced marksman (AD), or squad designated marksman (SDM) is a military marksman role in an infantry squad.
The DM's role is to supplement the attached squad by providing accurate fire upon enemy targets at distances up to .
Due to the need for repeated effective fire, the DM is usually equipped with a scoped semi-automatic rifle called a designated marksman rifle (DMR).
These two influences have left a gap in the firepower of the rifle platoon that a more accurate optic-equipped service rifle derivative can usefully fulfill, especially in theaters such as Afghanistan where the shortcomings of standard 5.56mm service rifles at ranges over 300 meters became apparent.
A sniper is a specialist highly trained in fieldcraft, who carries out a range of ISTAR-specific missions independent of others, and more specialized than standard infantry tasks.
Within a fireteam, the DM's role is to provide an additional capability to the infantry platoon, which is the ability to engage targets at greater ranges than the other members of the squad or section.
The DM operates as an integral member of the infantry platoon, providing a niche capability contributing to the overall firepower of the platoon in the same way as a grenadier with a rifle-mounted grenade launcher, allowing the team to engage more numerous targets and vehicles; or the automatic rifleman who employs the squad/section machine gun to lay down suppressing fire for area denial to the enemy.
The DM weapon provides a capability to the infantry platoon in the shape of increased precision at a greater range than that provided by the standard infantry rifle, by virtue of its sighting system and/or larger caliber.
Snipers are ordinarily equipped with specialized, purpose-built bolt-action or semi-automatic sniper rifles or anti-materiel rifles; while DMs are often equipped with accurized battle rifles or assault rifles fitted with optical sights and heavy barrels.
In the UK, US, and other Western countries over the last 15 years, sniper rifles chambered for standard military calibers, such as 7.62×51mm, have been replaced with those that employ larger, more specialized rounds, such as .300 Winchester Magnum or .338 Lapua Magnum, which give better accuracy at longer ranges than the standard military rifle calibers.
An example of this is the British Army's replacement of the Accuracy International L96A1 in 7.62×51mm with the similar but larger and more powerful Accuracy International L115A3 rifle chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum.
DMs are utilized for targets at ranges between approximately using a rifle chambered with standard-issue rifle ammunition, usually either 5.56×45mm or 7.62×51mm.
with a Ghillie suit), a DM will tactically move with his unit and is otherwise equipped in the same way as other members of the infantry platoon.
The marksman, however, operates as a regular member within a unit where his skills are called upon whenever the need for accurate shooting arises in the normal course of operations.
Snipers rely almost exclusively on more accurate but slower-firing bolt-action rifles, such as the M24, while a marksman can effectively use a faster-firing, but less accurate semi-automatic rifle, such as the M14.
The typical service rifle is intended for use at ranges up to a maximum of 300 meters, while sniper rifles are generally optimized for ranges of 600 meters and greater.
In some cases, the designated marksman rifle is simply an accurized version of the standard service rifle, such as the Mk 12 SPR (which is built on an M16 platform), while in other cases the rifle is a larger caliber rifle design, such as the British L129A1 rifle or US DM rifles based on the M14, AR-10, or HK417 rifles.
Whether a modified existing service rifle or a specific design, the DM rifle will be chambered for a round already used in the infantry battalion, such as 5.56×45mm or 7.62×51mm, and it will retain semi-automatic firing capability with a magazine capacity of 10, 20, or 30 rounds, depending on the firearm in question.
Designated marksmen will carry whichever service pistol is specified in their unit's TOE for their billet or Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), if one is specified or available at all.
A typical Australian Army fireteam of four soldiers will include a scout employing an F88S Austeyr (5.56 NATO) fitted with an enhanced optic device, usually either an ACOG or ELCAN C79.
However, HK417 rifles have been procured by the Army as a substitute for the F88S during operations in Afghanistan and possibly thereafter.
Recently, the L86A2 Light Support Weapon was used in the designated marksman role due to its longer barrel compared to the standard L85A2 service rifle, which gives an increased range of up to 1000m while also capable of giving accurate automatic fire; the automatic fire role is now usually delivered by the Minimi.
On 28 December 2009, the UK Ministry of Defence announced the adoption of the L129A1 Sharpshooter rifle made by Lewis Machine & Tool of the US for use as a semi-automatic DM rifle, firing the 7.62×51mm NATO round, providing accurate fire of up to 1000m as an urgent operational requirement (UOR) in Afghanistan.
The Dragunov is used in conjunction with the INSAS family of weapons to give flexibility and striking power, in short to mid range firefights, to Indian Army infantry units engaged with opposing forces.
Doctrine, training program, and courseware were completely rewritten and snipers were issued the bolt-action M24 SWS instead of the M14 rifle.
The U.S. Marines use M14s that have been rebuilt at Marine Corps Base Quantico and designated as Designated Marksman Rifles, which are being replaced by M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle.
The Corps also utilizes two different adaptations of the M16 assault rifle: the Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle (SAM-R), and the Mk 12 Mod 1 SPR.
The United States Army 101st Airborne Division recognized the need for a Squad Designated Marksman when they encountered fires beyond the 300-600m range.
The 82nd Airborne Division deployed with designated marksmen, trained on the M-4 using ACOG's with great success out to 600m, some 82nd Airborne units were issued M14s.
The 3rd Infantry Division saw limited use of a modified M16, which was accurized in a manner similar to the U.S. Marines SAM-R, unofficially designated the AMU Squad Designated Marksman Rifle (SDM-R).
Since 1963, these soldiers have been equipped with the Dragunov SVD rifle that shares all the characteristics typical of a designated marksman rifle (Semi-automatic fire, telescopic sight, chambered for standard military rifle cartridge).
The series centers around illicit street racing and in general tasks players to complete various types of races while evading the local law enforcement in police pursuits.
The franchise has been critically well received and is one of the most successful video game franchises of all time, selling over 150 million copies of games.
Due to its strong sales, the franchise has expanded into other forms of media including a film adaptation and licensed Hot Wheels toys.
All games in the series have some form of multiplayer mode allowing players to race one another via a split screen, a LAN or the Internet.
For example, in some games the cars can suffer mechanical and visual damage, while in other games the cars cannot be damaged at all; in some games, the software simulates real-car behavior (physics), while in others there are more forgiving physics.
In drag races, the player must finish first to win the race, though if the player crashes into an obstacle or wall, the race ends.
The concept of car tuning evolved with each new game, from focusing mainly on the mechanics of the car to including how the car looks.
When a car attains a high enough visual rating, the vehicle is eligible to be on the cover of a fictional magazine.
Exotic cars feature high performance, expensive cars like the Lamborghini Murciélago, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, Chevrolet Corvette and the Ford GT; muscle cars refer to the Ford Mustang, Dodge Challenger and the Chevrolet Camaro; while tuner cars are cars like the Nissan Skyline and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution.
These include, but are not limited to, Bayview, Rockport, Palmont City, Seacrest County, Fairhaven City, Redview County, Ventura Bay, and Fortune Valley.
Electronic Arts left the handling dynamics tuning with the automotive magazine's seasoned drivers to match vehicle behavior including realistic over and understeer that remains impressive decades later, as well as sounds made by the vehicles' gear control levers and other functions.
Most cars and tracks are available at the beginning of the game, and the objective is to unlock the remaining locked content by winning tournaments.
It featured support for DirectX 2 and TCP/IP networking, two new tracks, but dropped the ever-popular flip and go in favor of the more generic scene reset after an accident, a portents of the arcade style gaming that would dominate the series ever after.
High Stakes was a racing mode; Getaway required the player to outrun numerous pursuing police vehicles; Time Trap was a time lap trial, and Career was a tournament mode which incorporated a monetary reward system.
Another innovation was the introduction of damage models, where after a race the player is given the option to purchase repairs.
The AI in the game was more advanced: the five AIs known as Nemesis, Bullit, Frost, Ranger, and Chump featured different driving characteristics.
In the PlayStation version, the McLaren F1 GTR was based on the 1997 Long Tail, while the PC version was based on the original 95/96 version.
Different versions of the game were produced for each game platform; the Xbox, GameCube and PC versions were developed in EA Seattle, while the PS2 version was developed by Black Box Games in Vancouver.
For the multiplayer mode of the PC version, GameSpy's internet matchmaking system was used in place of Local Area Network (LAN) play.
The most significant change vs. the original Underground was the introduction of its Open World (free roam) environments, setting the tone for numerous NFS games to come.
In addition, the game featured actresses/models Brooke Burke and Kelly Brook as in-game characters to help guide the player through the campaign.
Players were required to customize their car to a certain numerical value in order to be offered DVD and magazine covers, the only way to advance to higher game levels.
The game featured the Blacklist, a crew consisting of 15 racers that the player must beat one-by-one to unlock parts, cars, tracks, and to complete career mode.
The player had to meet certain requirements before they could take on the next Blacklist rival, such as races completed, milestones achieved, and bounty earned.
Both versions were available for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo DS, and Windows-based PCs, while only the standard edition was available for GameCube and Xbox 360.
The Collector's Edition Featuring three new cars, ten specially tuned cars, six new races, and a bonus DVD with behind-the-scenes footage on the making of the game.
The game lacked the free roam mode found in earlier releases, instead, all of the races were on closed race tracks that took place on organized race days.
The game consisted of drag races, speed challenges (essentially sprint races and speed traps), grip races (circuit racing), and drift races.
The game focused on tuning and police chases, featured over 50 cars, and took place in a fictional city called Tri-City Bay.
Containing live-action cutscenes which feature the actress Maggie Q, the game also featured a damage system where parts could break off after a crash.
Essentially the original release, it was updated with several updates: 18 licensed vehicles; new police units; custom tags; 16 updated tracks; a revised career mode; local multiplayer matches for up to four players; and new rewards and unlockables.
They soon after removed the ability to create new accounts for the game and began winding down their support for it.
In addition to its statistical system, Autolog also features Facebook-like speedwalls where players can post their comments and photos while in the game.
The game continued the street-racing gameplay of Black Box's previous titles, with a story based on a race across the United States from San Francisco to New York.
It features open world racing, and most of the cars in the game are available from the start, hidden in different locations.
It also features a blacklist of 10 instead of 15, and there is no story or visual customization for the game.
A full reboot of the franchise, the game was released in 2015 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a release for Microsoft Windows via Origin in 2016.
The Standard Edition is the base edition, whereas the Deluxe Edition has the styling pack, performance pack, tricked-out starter car, exclusive wraps, unique identifying stickers, VIP icons and a lifetime discount on all items using the in-game currency.
Electronic Arts acquired the rights to publish the PlayStation version of the game in the United States in order to help sales of the game, due to the fact that rally racing held little support in the U.S.
It is the third free-to-play game in the franchise overall, along with being the only free-to-play racing game that runs on the Frostbite 3 game engine.
In April 2015, it was reported that a sequel would be produced by China Movie Channel, Jiaflix, and 1905.com in association with EA Games.
Axiomatic semantics define the meaning of a command in a program by describing its effect on assertions about the program state.
In the game of baseball, the official scorer is a person appointed by the league to record the events on the field, and to send the official scoring record of the game back to the league offices.
In addition to recording the events on the field such as the outcome of each plate appearance and the circumstances of any baserunner's advance around the bases, the official scorer is also charged with making judgment calls that do not affect the progress or outcome of the game.
Judgment calls are primarily made about errors, unearned runs, fielder's choice, the value of hits in certain situations, and wild pitches, all of which are included in the record compiled.
As the importance of baseball player statistics increased, teams began to pressure writer-scorers for favorable scoring decisions for their players in games played at home stadiums, and a home team scoring bias was perceived by many coaches, players, and writers.
Controversies related to perceived bias or errors in scoring have led to questions about important baseball records, including several no-hitters and Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak of 1941.
By 1979, many major newspapers decided to ban their writers from scoring baseball games due to conflict-of-interest concerns, and in 1980 MLB began to hire independent official scorers.
In 2001, MLB formed a scoring committee to review their performance, and by 2008 the committee was given the authority to overturn scoring decisions.
In 2006, an academic study seemed to confirm the historical existence of a home-team bias in scoring decisions, but this measurable bias decreased after 1979.
Chadwick was also the inventor of the modern box score and the writer of the first rule book for the game of baseball.
Since baseball statistics were initially a subject of interest to sportswriters, the role of the official scorer in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the early days of the sport was performed by newspaper writers.
A judgment call that is required by the official scorer does not alter the outcome of a game, but these judgments impact the statistical records of the game.
As the subjective scoring decisions which are used to calculate baseball statistics began to be used to determine the relative value of baseball players, MLB began to require approval from the league before a writer-scorer could be assigned to produce the scoring report for a game.
By the 1970s, writers who were willing to score games for MLB were required to have attended 100 or more games per year in the prior three years and to be chosen by the local chapter chairman of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).
Baseball writer-scorers usually worked at the games played at the home stadium of the team which they covered for their newspaper.
Because of this affiliation, the official scorer was often presumed by the baseball players and managers to favor the home team when making the required judgment calls during the course of a game.
Some historians claim that Joe DiMaggio's record 56-game hitting streak in 1941 was made possible by several generous rulings at Yankee Stadium.
Although scoring decisions were widely believed to favor the hitter over the defense, many players believed this bias shifts in favor of the pitcher when he carries a no-hitter (where a pitcher throws a complete game without giving up a hit) into the late innings.
In that game, St. Louis pitcher Bob Forsch was pitching a no-hitter in the 8th inning against Philadelphia when a hard ground ball hit into the hole between shortstop and third was narrowly missed by third baseman Ken Reitz.
The official scorer Neal Russo (who was a writer for a local newspaper) judged the play to be an error rather than a hit, and Forsch went on to pitch the first no-hitter of the 1978 season.
Many players also have monetary incentives written in their contracts which are based on statistical measurements, and official scorers have the option to reverse a scoring decision within 24 hours of the conclusion of a game.
After a game in 1962, infielder Jerry Adair asked for a meeting with local writer Neal Eskridge after learning that he was the scorer for the game.
In the early days of baseball, a disagreement over a scoring decision occasionally led to physical altercations between the player and the writer.
The pressure and the perceived conflict of interest faced by the baseball writers who scored games for MLB eventually led many major newspapers to end the practice for their employees.
Today, the MLB commissioner's office directly employs the official scorers who are responsible for producing score reports, although most scorers are hired on the recommendation of the public relations directors of baseball teams.
Official scorers are not required to meet the old BBWAA requirements, and are also no longer required to pass a written test, which was once administered by the National League before it was phased out in the mid-1990s.
Official scorers are only occasionally terminated, but there have been cases when a scorer was replaced after making decisions which displeased the home team.
In 1992 the Seattle Mariner players signed a petition to have their official scorer replaced, and in 2001 the management of the Boston Red Sox ordered that a rookie scorer not be allowed to score another game after pitcher Hideo Nomo lost a no-hitter on a close play in right field that was ruled a hit rather than an error.
Milwaukee manager Ned Yost argued that the hit recorded by Pittsburgh should have been recorded as an error by the pitcher, but Pittsburgh official scorer Bob Webb disagreed.
The official scorer had argued that the batter was too close to first base to be put out by a clean play.
Baseball players, managers, and writers have speculated about bias by the official scorer for decades, but this subject has been objectively studied only recently.
In 2006, the rate at which errors have been recorded in MLB by the official scorer was investigated under many situations.
The rate at which errors are called is higher when the quality of fielding is suspect and is lower when playing conditions are better, but these factors do not fully explain variations in error rate.
After other known factors are accounted for, evidence was found that official scorers are biased toward the home team, but that this bias was reduced after the end of the writer-scorer era in 1979.
Changes have been proposed over the years to reduce possible inconsistencies between scorers and possible mistakes made by the official scorer, especially as the end of the writer-scorer era began to seem likely in the late 1970s.
This new fifth umpire would travel with the umpiring crew to score games and take his turn on the bases, but MLB has been reluctant to incur the increased cost.
More recently, there have been suggestions to move the official scorer out of the press box and closer to the field behind the plate to get the best view of the game.
MLB has conceded that this could be a good idea, but it is not currently feasible because of the design of most stadiums in the league.
The rules of baseball require that the official scorer view the game only from the press box, for two basic reasons.
One of the intentions of this rule is to improve consistency in scorekeeping decisions between different official scorers working on different games at the same stadium, and between scorers in different stadiums.
Seated in the press box, the official scorer is surrounded by writers and broadcasters who are ostensibly neutral, and the scorer is less likely to be unduly influenced by the players, the coaches, and the crowd.
Rule 10.01 states that the scorer is never allowed to make scorekeeping decisions that conflict with the official rules governing scorekeeping.
The official scorer is permitted to view available replays and to solicit the opinions of others, but the official scorer is given the sole authority to make the judgment calls that are required in the score report.
When a judgment call is made, the official scorer is obligated to immediately communicate that decision to the media in the press box and to the broadcasters, usually through a microphone.
The official scorer has up to 24 hours to reconsider or reverse a judgment call that was made during the game.
Finally, within 36 hours of a game's conclusion (including the conclusion of a suspended game), the official scorer is required to create a summary of the game using a form established by the league.
This task is performed for each game that is scored, including called games which must be completely replayed at a later date, and games that end in forfeit.
The information in the score report includes the date, location of the game, the names of the teams, the names of the umpires who officiated the game, the final score, and the data that is required in rule 10.02.
Most plays in the game are resolved in such a way that the scorer is not given multiple choices when recording the outcome of the play, but several types of plays are open to the interpretation of the official scorer.
In any judgment call where the official scorer is required to decide whether to credit a hit to the batter, the scorer is guided by rule 10.05.
Some situations automatically call for an error to be charged to the defense, but most charged errors are the result of a play that requires a judgment call.
When an error is charged, the official scorer must charge the error to one of the fielders who were involved in the play.
One exception in this rule occurs when the defense makes at least one out and attempts to complete a double play or triple play.
If a wild throw allows the runner to advance an additional base, an error may then be charged for the additional advance.
However, if an accurate throw is made in time to complete a double play or triple play, but the fielder on the base fails to make the catch, an error may be charged.
Rather, errors are charged when the defense attempts to make a logical play against the offense, but fails to record an out or prevent an advance due to a mechanical misplay.
If a fielder fails to tag the runner, batter, or a base in a force situation in time to record an out when he could have done so, that fielder is charged with an error.
The most common judgment call involving an error occurs when the defense fails to put out a batter-runner who puts the ball in play.
Other common situations requiring a judgment call include unintentionally dropped foul balls that allow the batter to continue his at-bat, and poor throws to the next base when a runner attempts to advance.
One of the most controversial and poorly understood situations related to the charging of an error occurs when an outfielder misjudges the flight of a ball and allows the ball to drop out of his reach.
Outfielders are generally charged with an error on a fly ball when they arrive at the ball's destination with sufficient time to make a catch with an ordinary effort, but simply miss the catch or drop the ball.
An unearned run does not adversely impact a pitcher's earned run average (ERA), and is only possible when an error (including catcher's interference) or a passed ball occurs earlier in the inning.
At the conclusion of an inning during which runs are scored after an error or passed ball, the official scorer attempts to recreate the events of the inning without the errors or passed balls.
If in the official scorer's opinion a run would not have scored without the defensive lapses, then the run is unearned.
In one basic example, if the first batter reaches by an error, the second batter hits a home run, and the next three batters strike out, then one of the two runs scored was unearned.
Most of the above rules are straightforward, but some judgment is required by the official scorer when a baserunner advances due to a defensive lapse and later scores.
In one difficult example with a runner on first and two outs, the batter hits a single but a defensive error allows an advance by the lead runner from second to third, and a soft run-scoring single is hit followed by an out.
Since the next batter was put out, the official scorer must decide based on the hit, the speed of the baserunner, and the positioning of the defense whether the runner would have been able to score from second in the reconstruction of the inning without the error.
In the rules of baseball, aside from the rare case of interference or obstruction, a batter who puts a ball into play and safely reaches first base is ruled to have reached in one of three possible ways: a hit, an error, or by fielder's choice.
Fielder's choice is primarily discussed in rules 10.05 and 10.06, and it generally occurs when it is judged that a batter-runner would have been put out had the defense chosen to do so.
Most judgment calls made by the official scorer under this rule occur in three situations: when an infielder, pitcher, or catcher attempts to put out an unforced preceding runner who is attempting to advance one base, when any fielder attempts and fails to put out a forced preceding runner, and when any fielder attempts and fails to put out an unforced preceding runner who returns to their original base.
In these situations, the official scorer is required to determine whether the batter-runner would have safely reached first base if the defense made an ordinary effort to put him out.
If the defense could not be reasonably expected to make the play, the batter is credited with a hit, otherwise he is ruled to have reached by fielder's choice.
If an error is made on the attempt to put out a preceding runner, that has no impact on this decision.
In some cases the official scorer is not given the discretion to decide between awarding a hit to the batter or ruling that he safely reached first base by fielder's choice.
If a preceding runner is forced out or if an unforced preceding runner is put out while attempting to return to their original base, a hit is automatically not credited and the batter by rule is judged to have reached by a fielder's choice.
For example, if the batter is a fast runner, the ball is slowly hit to the third baseman, and an unforced runner from second realizes (too late) that he can not safely advance, the batter-runner will lose the potential hit on a fielder's choice by the third baseman.
In cases where a batter indisputably gets a hit and is able to safely advance past first base on the play, the value of that hit may be adjusted by the official scorer because of an error or a fielder's choice.
If the defense attempts to put out a preceding runner during the play, the official scorer must determine whether the batter would have reached second or third base safely had the defense attempted to limit the batter's advance.
For example, if a runner on second attempts to score after a soft hit to center field and the center fielder chooses to throw to home while the batter advances to second, the official scorer must decide the value of the hit.
In this situation, the scorer may either choose to credit the batter with a double, or the scorer may rule that the batter hit a single with an advance to second by fielder's choice.
If an error occurs during the play when a batter records a hit, the official scorer must determine whether the batter would have advanced as far as he did had the error not occurred.
For example, if a batter hits a ball into an outfield gap, the ball is badly misplayed by an outfielder attempting to retrieve and throw the ball back into the infield, and the batter is able to reach all four bases to score, then the official scorer must decide whether an error should be charged to the outfielder.
If an error is charged to the outfielder, then the batter would likely be credited with either a double or triple.
When a baserunner is able to advance after a pitch is not caught or controlled by the catcher, the official scorer must determine whether the advance was due to a wild pitch or a passed ball.
If a pitch is thrown so high, wide, or low in relation to the strike zone that a catcher is not able to catch or control the ball with ordinary effort before a runner can advance, the advance is ruled to have occurred by a wild pitch.
If the official scorer determines that the catcher should have been able to control the pitch and prevent an advance with ordinary effort, then the catcher is charged with a passed ball on the advance.
If a wild pitch or passed ball allows a runner to advance beyond the base that is stolen, the scorer may rule that the further advance occurred by a wild pitch or passed ball.
When a defensive player has the ball and can end the play by preventing further advance, but fails to do so because of a mental mistake (not an error) and a runner subsequently scores, the official scorer must decide whether to credit the batter with a run batted in (RBI).
If a runner advances because the defense does nothing to try to stop the advance, the scorer may rule that the advance was due to defensive indifference and no stolen base is credited.
If a fielder begins to visibly make an attempt to prevent an advance but then elects not to throw, the advance is not due to defensive indifference.
When a batter attempts a sacrifice bunt and the resulting bunt is so well-placed that he safely reaches first base, the official scorer may elect to credit the batter with a hit instead of a sacrifice if there is no error on the play and an ordinary effort by the defense would not have recorded an out.
Saint Norbert of Xanten (c. 1075 – 6 June 1134) (Xanten-Magdeburg), also known as Norbert Gennep, was a bishop of the Catholic Church, founder of the Premonstratensian order of canons regular, and is venerated as a saint.
His father, Heribert, Count of Gennep, was a member of the high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire and related to the imperial house and also to the House of Lorraine.
Through the influence of his family he obtained a financial subsidy from the parish church of St. Victor at Xanten when he accepted ordination to the subdeaconate.
His only task was to chant the Divine Office at the Church, but he apparently paid someone a small fee to take his place in the choir, because he gained an appointment as a chaplain (religious counselor) to the emperor Henry V in Cologne.
The salaries from the Xanten fund and the royal treasury were enough to equip him to live in the style of the nobility of the times.
One day in the spring of 1115, as he rode his horse to Vreden, in the western part of the Münsterland, a thunderbolt from a sudden storm struck at his horse’s feet.
After this near-fatal accident, his faith deepened, he renounced his appointment at Court and returned to Xanten to lead a life of penance, placing himself under the direction of Cono, Abbot of St Sigeberg, near Cologne.
In gratitude to Cono, in 1115, Norbert founded the Abbey of Fürstenberg, endowed it with a portion of his property, and made it over to Cono of Siegburg and his Benedictine successors.
This may account for the failure of his attempts to reform the canons of Xanten, who denounced him as an innovator at the Council of Fritzlar in 1118.
He visited Pope Gelasius II, who gave him permission to become an itinerant preacher and he preached throughout lands in what is now western Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and northern France, being credited with a number of miracles.
In settlement after settlement he encountered a demoralized clergy, lonely, often practicing concubinage and feeling that the official Church cared little about them.
In Paris he would have witnessed the Canons of St. Victor, who had adopted the ascetic ideals of William of Champagne.
He also became acquainted with the Cistercian administrative system that created an international federation of monasteries with fair amount of centralized power, though local houses had a certain amount of independence.
At the Council of Reims in October 1119, Pope Calixtus II requested Norbert to found a religious order in the Diocese of Laon in France.
The whole idea was that his active priests needed an ascetic and contemplative haven and that was the purpose of the abbey discipline.
Norbert chose a valley in the Forest of Coucy (a grant from the Bishop of Laon), about 10 miles from Laon, named Prémontré.
Blessed Hugh of Fosses, Saint Evermode, Antony of Nivelles, seven students of the celebrated school of Anselm, and Ralph of Laon were among his first thirteen disciples.
The young community at first lived in huts of wood and clay, arranged like a camp around the chapel of Saint John the Baptist, but they soon built a larger church and a monastery for the religious who joined them in increasing numbers.
Going to Cologne to obtain relics for their church, Norbert is said to have discovered, through a dream, the spot where those of Saint Ursula and her companions, of Saint Gereon, and of other martyrs lay hidden.
St Norbert gained adherents in Germany, France, Belgium and Transylvania, and houses of his order were founded in Floreffe, Viviers, St-Josse, Ardenne, Cuissy, Laon, Liège, Antwerp, Varlar, Kappenberg, Grosswardein (Oradea/Nagyvárad) and elsewhere.
Count Theobald II of Champagne wanted to enter the new order, but Norbert counseled him to remain a layman and marry.
Norbert prescribed a few rules and invested Theobald with the white scapular of the order, and thus, in 1122, the Third Order of St. Norbert was instituted.
He continued to preach throughout France, Belgium and Germany and was successful in combatting a eucharistic heresy in Antwerp proposed by one Tanchelm.
In 1126 Pope Honorius II appointed Norbert to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg, where he put into practice the precepts he instituted at Prémontré.
In Norbert's last years, he was chancellor and adviser to Lothair II, the Holy Roman Emperor, persuading him to lead an army in 1133 to Rome to restore Innocent to the papacy.
When Norbert died in Magdeburg on 6 June 1134, both the canons at the cathedral and the canons at St. Mary's Abbey claimed the body.
Only after several military defeats at the hand of Emperor Ferdinand II was the abbot of Strahov able to claim the body.
On 2 May 1627 the body was finally brought to Prague where it remains to this day, displayed as an auto-icon in a glass-fronted tomb.
Saint Norbert was canonized by Pope Gregory XIII in the year 1582, and his statue appears above the Piazza colonnade of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
Premonstratensian (or Norbertine) Canons in Europe, the US, Canada, South America, Zaire, South Africa, India and Australia are involved in education, parochial ministry, university chaplaincy also youth work.
St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin, is the first institution of higher education to be founded by the Norbertine order.
There are no artificial barriers in the game's open world environment that force the player to stay on a specific course.
Any area that is drivable or jumpable in the free-roaming cruise mode between races may be used to get to the next checkpoint.
However, many areas that would be drivable in reality, for example entrances and some stairs, are fenced off with invisible barriers.
If the car falls into deep water, the damage meter goes to its maximum stage and the car is instantly totaled, the race being immediately lost.
The amount of damage inflicted upon a car is indicated by both an HUD indicator and visual damage to the car.
Paris is the home to cobblestone alleyways, monumental roundabouts, and the Paris Catacombs, as well as jumps across the river Seine and into alleyways.
Also, most of them have aesthetical modifications commonly found in street racing and import scenes, such as spoilers, hood scoops, and body kits.
In the car selection menu, descriptions and stats of each vehicle can be seen, along with the option to choose among 4 colors.
This excludes Moses, who helps the player begin the Career Mode, as well as the four champions who will seek the player out after all predecessors are beaten.
Metacritic gave it a score of 85 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; 86 out of 100 for the Xbox version; and 81 out of 100 for the PC version.
In animal anatomy, a cloaca (plural cloacae or ) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals, opening at the vent.
All amphibians, reptiles, and a few mammals (monotremes, tenrecs, golden moles, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have two or three separate orifices for evacuation.
The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Birds that mate using this method touch their cloacae together, in some species for only a few seconds, sufficient time for sperm to be transferred from the male to the female.
For some birds, such as ostriches, cassowaries, kiwi, geese, and some species of swans and ducks, the males do not use the cloaca for reproduction, but have a phallus.
In lampreys and in some ray-finned fishes, part of the cloaca remains in the adult to receive the urinary and reproductive ducts, although the anus always opens separately.
In marsupials (and a few birds), the genital tract is separate from the anus, but a trace of the original cloaca does remain externally.
This is one of the features of marsupials (and monotremes) that suggest their basal nature, as the amniotes from which mammals evolved possessed a cloaca, and the earliest animals to diverge into the mammalian class would most likely have had this feature, too.
Unlike other marsupials, marsupial moles have a true cloaca, a fact that has been used to argue against a marsupial identity for these mammals.
In the embryo, the embryonic cloaca divides into a posterior region that becomes part of the anus, and an anterior region that has different fates depending on the sex of the individual: in females, it develops into the vestibule that receives the urethra and vagina, while in males it forms the entirety of the penile urethra.
However, the tenrecs and golden moles, small placental mammals native to Africa, as well as some shrews retain a cloaca as adults.
Being placental animals, humans only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.
However, a few human congenital disorders result in persons being born with a cloaca, including persistent cloaca and sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome).
They accomplish this by having a pair of accessory air bladders connected to the cloaca which can absorb oxygen from the water.
Various fish, as well as polychaete worms and even crabs, are specialized to take advantage of the constant flow of water through the cloacal respiratory tree of sea cucumbers while simultaneously gaining the protection of living within the sea cucumber itself.
Jaywalking occurs when a pedestrian walks in or crosses a roadway that has traffic, other than at a suitable crossing point, or otherwise in disregard of traffic rules.
In many countries such as the United Kingdom, the word is not generally used and there are no laws limiting how pedestrians can use public highways.
One member of this convention, the United Kingdom, does not have jaywalking laws; its Highway Code relies on the pedestrian making their own judgment on whether it is safe to cross based on the Green Cross Code.
It is a compound word derived from the word jay, an inexperienced person and a curse word that originated in the early 1900s, and walk.
For example, cities like Copenhagen and New York City have similar restrictions on jaywalking at signalised crosswalks, but the practice is far more common in New York.
Pedestrians are often forced to walk outside crosswalks, when they are blocked by cars due to traffic congestion or drivers stopping too far forward.
The common practice of car-centric traffic-signal synchronisation produces green waves for motorists but not necessarily for pedestrians, who may encounter little or no conflicting traffic at cross streets where signals instruct them to wait.
Pedestrians may dislike using crossing at intersections for other reasons, such as discomfort dealing with traffic from several directions (whereas a jaywalker at a location distant from an intersection only needs to observe two directions of traffic), or wanting to avoid the extra air emissions generated by vehicles stopping and starting (given that vehicular emissions are significantly less when vehicles are moving at steady speeds).
Unsignalised marked crosswalks where drivers are more likely to yield to pedestrians are not necessarily safer than their unmarked counterparts, where pedestrians behave more cautiously, not expecting motorists to yield.
Many American newspapers publish stories that are critical of pedestrian road users' safety practices, while police departments often instigate education and enforcement campaigns to curb jaywalking.
While nearly 60% of American pedestrian deaths occur outside of crosswalks, fewer than 20% occur in close proximity to a crosswalk.
When practised with caution, jaywalking or crossing away from intersections, where legal, can be safer for pedestrians than exercising their right-of-way at crosswalks without pedestrian signals.
When used in the technical sense, jaywalking specifically refers to violation of pedestrian traffic regulations and laws and is therefore illegal.
In many European countries, pedestrians are banned from motorways (in the UK, motorways are defined in law as special roads) and possibly from express roads, but they are generally not prohibited from regular rural and urban roads.
That is done in compliance with the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which also contains concepts addressing the question of the usage of the road or street by pedestrians for walking or crossing.
These include vehicle users who leave their vehicles after they have broken down, workers in work zones and individuals who illegally enter the motorway on foot.
However, any physical injury to a pedestrian caused by a traffic accident is compensated by the insurance of the drivers involved, regardless of the responsibility of the pedestrian, unless the pedestrian is over 14 and wanted the accident and its consequences to occur.
Crossing a road must be done in a perpendicular direction, without undue delay, and must use a zebra crossing if one is nearby.
The Republic of Ireland maintains a jaywalking law, which requires a pedestrian to use a pedestrian crossing if they are within 15.24 metres (50 feet) of one.
Irish children are taught the RSA (Road Safety Authority) safe cross code in schools where it teaches them to stop, listen, and look out for any incoming traffic whilst crossing a road and only cross a road if safe to do so.
An Garda Síochána (Ireland's national police force) usually do not take action on jaywalkers unless they caused possible harm to drivers or others.
On the other hand, drivers must always let pedestrians cross if they have already started or if they clearly demonstrate the intention to do so, even when the pedestrian is disregarding the rules, and will bear full responsibility if an accident occurs.
These rules are often not respected; most pedestrians would cross anywhere (including at a red pedestrian light) when no car can be seen nearby on the road, but would not take the risk of trying to cross even on a zebra crossing when a car is coming, until it stops.
On French motorways, pedestrians are banned; in case of breakdown motorists are required to leave the car and walk away to safety, behind fences or lines marking the road boundaries, where no car can hit them.
On the other hand, pedestrians, according to Section 25 (VwV), must watch the vehicular traffic carefully and cross a street quickly and using the shortest way across the driving lanes.
Depending on the situation on the street, pedestrians may not cross the street except at intersections or within the markings of traffic signals or crosswalks.
If one wants to cross the street outside the markings of traffic lights or crosswalks, one must carefully observe before and during the crossing that the road is clear, and wait before crossing if a vehicle approaches.
During heavy traffic, pedestrians may not cross the street, as they might have to stop on a traffic lane (OLG Hamm, Az.
Whilst jaywalking is not specifically defined by the Hungarian Highway Code () as an offence, various restrictions and prohibitions apply for pedestrians crossing or walking along roads.
Fines are applied at the discretion of the police of up to 30,000 forint for each offence, according to Section 21 (1-13) of the code.
Pedestrians have the right of way on crosswalks and may cross the road at certain specified points such as at intersections if crosswalks are not available.
Pedestrians are allowed to cross a street without any recognised crossing point only if there are no zebra crossings within a range of 100 m, but they should be careful anyway.
The pedestrian is obliged to give priority to vehicles and follow the shortest line to the opposite edge of the road, perpendicular to the road axis.
Cars and bikes are required by law to give way to pedestrians (but not bicycle riders) at zebra crossings unless there is a traffic light with a green light is green for the cars or bikes and no pedestrians are currently using the crossing.
Pedestrians are encouraged to cross the road at zebra crossings if there is one nearby and are discouraged from crossing at a red light.
In Norway, a red man at the crossing is the signal for pedestrians not to begin crossing if it would impede cars or entail danger, but a person may walk across if there are no cars nearby.
Cyclists are required to stop at red lights, but because not everyone is aware of that, the Norwegian national cyclists' organisation has proposed to end confusion by prohibiting all people from crossing at red lights.
In Serbia, it is illegal to cross roads other than at pedestrian crossings if there is a zebra crossing within 100 m.
In Slovakia, it is illegal to cross roads other than at pedestrian crossings if there is a zebra crossing within , or for certain types of road.
However, pedestrians must wait for a safe moment to cross and so cars usually fail to stop if there are pedestrians around, unlike in other European countries where pedestrians may cross immediately.
However, they must use a pedestrian crossing, bridge or underpass if it is within 50 m. Certain types of roads must not be entered by pedestrians, such as highways and motorways.
A driver driving at 100 km/h on a road with a 120 km/h speed limit, if the light visibility is 60 m and the braking distance is 65&nbps;m, may be fined for not noticing a person on the road.
The Highway Code contains additional rules for crossing a road safely, but these are recommendations and not legally enforceable, although as with other advisory parts of the Highway Code compliance or otherwise can be used to establish liability in civil law proceedings such as insurance claims.
Under Rule 170 of the Highway Code, if a pedestrian has already started crossing the road (from either side) across a side street where a car is about to turn, vehicles should always give way to the pedestrian and let them leave the road safely.
In Northern Ireland, jaywalking can be charged at police discretion and usually only in the case of an accident when clearly witnessed.
Rob Ford was fined $109 for jaywalking in Coquitlam (part of Metro Vancouver) while visiting the city to attend the funeral of a friend's mother.
The current law is that pedestrians must cross at the crosswalk where one is provided, but mid-block crossings are legal in Ontario.
However, on the Paseo de la Reforma, one of Mexico City's longest and most important avenues, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, then the city's mayor, commissioned the installation of concrete prisms along the avenue's central kerb, to discourage pedestrians from crossing the road.
State road rules in the United States usually require a driver to yield the right of way to a pedestrian crossing a road when the pedestrian crosses at a marked crosswalk or an unmarked crosswalk.
Following the Uniform Vehicle Code, state codes often do not prohibit a pedestrian from crossing a roadway between intersections if at least one of the two adjacent intersections is not controlled by a signal, but they stipulate that a pedestrian not at a crosswalk must yield the right of way to approaching drivers.
State codes often permit pedestrians to use roads that are not controlled access facilities and without sidewalks but such use is usually regulated.
For example, in Florida they must keep to the shoulder of the leftmost side of the road and yield to any oncoming traffic.
State codes may include provisions that allow local authorities to prohibit pedestrian crossing at locations outside crosswalks, but since municipal pedestrian ordinances are often not well known to drivers or pedestrians and can vary from place to place in a metropolitan area that contains many municipalities, obtaining compliance with local prohibitions of pedestrian crossings much more restrictive than statewide pedestrian regulations can be difficult.
Signs, fences, and barriers of various types (including planted hedges) have been used to prohibit and prevent pedestrian crossing at some locations.
Street design, traffic design, and locations of major building entrances that make crosswalks the most logical and practical locations to cross streets are usually more effective than police enforcement to reduce illegal or reckless pedestrian crossings.
At a signaled crossing, a pedestrian is subject to the applicable pedestrian traffic signal or, if no pedestrian signal is displayed, the signal indications for the parallel vehicular movement.
The reporter walked against lights, crossed in the middle of streets, and across the middle of blocks and did not receive a ticket, even when committing infractions in front of police officers.
In the United States, jaywalking is mainly an urban issue (71%), but it can also be a suburban or rural issue when no pavement is available.
However other pedestrian behaviour might be considered as unsafe while not qualified of jaywalking, for instance, failing to yield (both drivers and pedestrians), jogging/walking in the wrong direction, working on a parked car, leaning on a parked car, pushing a disabled car, standing between parked cars, and standing in a road.
Some pedestrian factors that lead to a jaywalking behavior were found to be pedestrian perceptions of risk, consumption of alcohol, perceptions of crossing devices, speed and pace of life, speed versus crossing-device speed, perceptions of enforcement risk, unawareness of pedestrian laws and safety, following the leader.
Some known environmental factors include absence of midblock crosswalks, width of roads, poor timing of crossing signals, poor conditions of sidewalks, absence of sidewalks in certain areas, capacity of sidewalks, weather, people with limited mobility, people with occupational risks, children and teens, parking areas near shopping centers, street repair and construction sites, major highways, one-way streets, location of attractions, unlawful street-vending.
In Brazil, it is illegal to cross the road if the nearest zebra crossing is within 50 m. Pedestrians have priority over cars.
According to CONTRAN resolution 706/17 from April 25, 2018, violators could pay a fine up to 44.19 Brazilian reals; however, the measure is rarely enforced.
In many Asian countries, the low level of traffic control means that jaywalking is often more of a necessity to a pedestrian and is rarely punished except in major commercial hubs such as Singapore.
The authorities applied a new method to deter jaywalkers by displaying their photo on large public screens in the area where the jaywalking occurred, to publicly shame any violator of pedestrian street rules.
The system has flaws: the photo of the powerful businesswoman Dong Mingzhu was displayed on those screens after the IA systems misinterpreted her appearance on a bus advertisement as a real person crossing the street in an illegal fashion.
In India, jaywalking is not explicitly included in the law as an offence but is covered under the broader term 'obstruction of traffic' in state and metropolitan laws.
Examples include section 28B of the Delhi Police Act, 33B of the Bombay Police Act and 92G of the Karnataka Police Act.
However, jaywalking is common in cities because of the lack of regulated crossings and footpaths and the poor regulation of related laws by authorities.
Drives against jaywalking are conducted by the police departments from time to time and offenders are given fines of 100 to 500 Indian rupees, depending upon the jurisdictions.
In Iran, crossing outside crossing points within 150 of one or if the pedestrian light is red, as well as starting to cross when the light is flashing, has been prohibited since the 1970s.
If in an intersection there is no pedestrian light, traffic lights would be considered and so it is illegal when it is red or orange.
In Australia, it is illegal to start crossing the road at an intersection if a pedestrian light is red or flashing red.
Furthermore, it is illegal to cross any road within 20 m of an intersection with pedestrian lights or within 20 m of any pedestrian crossing (including a zebra crossing, school crossing, or any other pedestrian crossing).
Some roads with a record of pedestrian accidents feature fences in the centre to discourage pedestrians, but there is no law against crossing them.
Pedestrians in New Zealand must, if possible, cross at right angles to the kerb or side of the roadway unless they use pedestrian crossings or school crossing points.
Pedestrians must use a pedestrian crossing, footbridge, underpass or traffic signal within 20 m. At intersections controlled by signals, pedestrians should wait for the green man to display and may not begin crossing when the static or the flashing red man is displayed.
In Zimbabwe, jaywalking is illegal, as per the traffic laws gazetted in 2013 by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Development.
Disregarding designated crossing points or passing through red traffic lights carry a punishment of up to six months in jail or a US$20 fine, as part of the new Highway Code.
In 2001 it launched an annual awards program, which presented awards accompanied by 100 million yen under the categories social/economic well-being, individual/humanity well-being, and world environmental well-being.
The awards were suspended in 2003 due to financial constraints, with the hope that they could be restarted if/when the Takeda Foundation's financial situation improves.
As well as the above awards, also in 2001 and 2002 they presented the Techno-Entrepreurship Award, and the Takeda Scholarship Award.
In 1992 Bootsauce was part of the cross-Canada Big, Bad & Ugly tour organized by MCA Concerts, along with Art Bergman.
Dr. Ellis O'Neal Knox was the first African American to be awarded a Ph.D. on the West Coast of the United States.
Knox received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1922 from the University of California, Berkeley and his doctorate in the history and philosophy of education from the University of Southern California in the 1931.
As a young boy in the public schools of Lake County, California at the turn of the century, Ellis, the only black student in his classroom, excelled.
With his doctorate in hand, Knox moved to the District of Columbia to accept a position on the staff of Howard University in 1931.
A decade later, he began work as a consultant to both the Peace Corps and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
In the tradition of his philosophical and academic focus of promoting civil rights in education, Knox worked alongside Thurgood Marshall in the campaign that led to the desegregation of the schools in the District of Columbia and also served as the Chairman of Education for the NAACP from 1945 to 1962.
In 1967, Knox ended his tenure at Howard University and retired in Los Angeles, where he served as Professor Emeritus at the University of Southern California and the University of California Los Angeles until his death in 1975.
Dr. Knox was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, and was one of the founders of Alpha Epsilon Chapter at the University of California, Berkeley.
Dr. Knox's contemporaries, colleagues, and close friends included Nobel Prize winner Ralph Bunche, United States Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood Marshall, as well as famed California architect Paul Williams and civil rights leader H. Claude Hudson.
Built as part of the Daniels & Fisher department store in 1910, it was the tallest between the Mississippi River and the state of California at the time of construction, at a height of 325 feet (99 m).
The building was designed by the architect Frederick Sterner and modeled after The Campanile (St. Mark's Bell Tower) at the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy.
She was launched on 2 October 1940 sponsored by Mrs. Wilhelm L. Friedell, and commissioned on 2 January 1941 with Lieutenant Commander J.J. Crane in command.
On 4 March off Kyūshū, sank one enemy freighter of about 6,000 tons, damaged and probably sunk one enemy destroyer, and damaged two other ships of undetermined type of about 2,000 tons each.
Later in the month, she supported the Army occupation of Adak Island by transporting a colonel and six enlisted men from Dutch Harbor, Alaska, to Kuluk Bay between 25 August and 27 August.
She made only one contact during her fourth war patrol, firing two torpedoes at a Japanese destroyer operating off New Georgia Island on 12 December.
Setting out again on 18 January 1943 to begin patrol number five, she arrived in waters off the east coast of Vella LaVella six days later.
On 16 March, she received orders to shift her position to a point southeast of a line between Mussau Island and Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands.
Late in the afternoon of 29 March, she sighted a convoy of four merchantmen, with two escort ships and two aircraft.
The resultant damage necessitated 17 days of major repairs at Brisbane, delaying her departure for the eighth patrol until 21 August.
Ten minutes later, the trawler settled beneath the waves, stern first, leaving the waters littered with secret papers and the surviving Japanese.
After the remainder of her patrol proved fruitless, the submarine returned to the Marshall Islands arriving at Majuro Atoll on 21 June.
Her radar picked up tempting targets, but bad luck continued to dog the ship's efforts to make contact and launch attacks.
In this capacity, she served with Submarine Division 162, Submarine Squadron 16, Inactive Fleet, New London Group, until she was selected as a target vessel for the upcoming atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
Scheduled for decommissioning on 11 December 1946, she was retained as a radiological laboratory unit and subjected to numerous radiological and structural studies while remaining at Mare Island.
She was launched on 7 November 1940 sponsored by Mrs. Pettengill, wife of Rear Admiral George T. Pettengill, and commissioned at New London on 14 April 1941 with Lieutenant D. McGregor in command.
She was submerged to periscope depth and subjected to explosions of 300lbs of TNT set at various distances from the submarine.
She prepared for combat in the Mare Island Naval Shipyard, then departed San Francisco, California, on 15 January 1942 for Pearl Harbor.
Her maiden patrol, from 2 February to 28 March, was conducted around Nagoya and the Kii Channel entrance to the Inland Sea of Japan.
During her second war patrol, from 19 April to 8 June, she fired on a freighter off Kwajalein atoll, which her commanding officer believed was hit, but the ship did not sink.
Her third war patrol, from 3 July to 21 August, took her to the South China Sea and the Gulf of Siam, where her only contact was a hospital ship.
Her fourth war patrol, from 17 September to 7 November, took her to the northernmost waters in the Gulf of Siam, where on 19 October she laid 32 mines in the entrances to Bangkok.
Her sixth, from 9 February to 2 April, brought numerous contacts with targets which could not be closed to firing range because of vigilant enemy aircraft and antisubmarine patrol ships.
Captain Philip D. Quirk served on numerous ships and submarines in World War II and was also the commanding officer on following the outbreak of the Korean War.
As commanding officer of , his first award was for assisting in the rescue of RM1/c George R. Tweed from the Japanese-held island of Guam.
Her eighth war patrol, from 18 June to 23 July, was spent patrolling the Flores Sea, where she torpedoed a 500-ton motorship which ran itself aground, the crew escaping into the jungle.
Her 11th war patrol, from 3 March to 21 April, found her performing lifeguard duty for aviators making the first carrier-based air strikes on Palau.
She saved eight aviators, one less than two miles (3 km) off the beach and within range of enemy gun emplacements.
Her 12th patrol, from 20 May to 5 July, was spent in the Bonin Islands area, where she made gunfire attacks on a convoy of Japanese sea trucks, leaving a small freighter raging in flames and dead in the water.
Her 13th patrol (now commanded by Maurice Ferrara, the first officer of the class of 1937 to be given a submarine command), lasted from 14 August to 9 October and was largely taken up with lifeguard duty off Yap, supporting the combined fleet-shore operations that captured the Palau Islands.
On her 15th and final war patrol, from 4 December to 27 December, she landed 35 tons of supplies on the west coast of Luzon, near Darigayos Inlet on 11 December, returning to Pearl Harbor with urgent intelligence documents including maps locating enemy gun emplacements, beach defenses, troop concentrations, and fuel and ammunition dumps on Luzon.
She departed Apra Harbor, Guam, on 7 August 1945, proceeding via Hawaii, San Francisco, California, and the Panama Canal to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, where she arrived 20 October.
She decommissioned there 11 December 1945 and remained in reserve until September 1948, when she began an overhaul in the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard which lasted until through October.
She was then transferred as a reserve training submarine for the 4th Naval District at Cleveland, Ohio, arriving, via the Mississippi River and the Chicago Canal, on 28 November 1948.
She was launched on 20 December 1939 sponsored by Miss Lucia Ellis, and commissioned on 3 June 1940 with Lieutenant Commander John M. Murphy, Jr. (Class of 1925), in command.
Following further training off Colón, Panama, the submarine returned to New London, Connecticut, before holding her acceptance trials and undergoing a post-shakedown overhaul at the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine.
At 07:15 on 4 June 90 minutes after first reported contact, , Admiral Robert H. English, informed his submarines, waiting until after 11:00 to order them to close.
At 0258, Murphy turned due west, hoping to put them between him and the moon so their silhouettes would make them easier to identify.
After losing and regaining sight of the cruisers in the dark, Murphy made an educated guess, turning left again, and re-sighted the ships.
At 0400, with the approach of dawn and improving visibility, the general shape of the ships became clear, but it was still not possible to see enough detail to determine exactly whose ships they were.
When there was no attack, the sub was brought to periscope depth, where damage to the cruiser s bow was easily visible.
Since best speed while submerged was only nine knots, and the cruisers were estimated as making seventeen knots, they were soon lost.
The bomb probably came from an American B-17; a similar incident had happened the day before, when another B-17 had bombed the submarine USS Grayling, mistaking it for a Japanese cruiser.
Murphy's lack of aggressiveness had hampered Spruance's intelligence of the battle and had played an important role in allowing , and to escape almost certain destruction from air attack.
Her next patrol (now in the hands of Stephen H. Ambruster) began on 24 July 1942 at Pearl Harbor, ending on 19 September at Fremantle, Australia.
Charles Parsons with 50,000 rounds of .30 (7.62 mm) ammunition, 20,000 rounds of .45 ACP (11.4 mm) ammunition, and $10,000 in currency on southern Mindanao.
The submarine returned to Fremantle on 14 April for refit in which a 20-millimeter gun was installed forward of the bridge.
The first appeared to break in half, and the second seemed to sink; there is no record of the sinkings in Japanese official records.
Three shots at a freighter produced two hits, and one fired at another target missed; Japanese records do not indicate any sinking.
The submarine (now in the hands of William J. Germershausen) conducted her next patrol in the waters off southern Hokkaidō and the Kuril Islands from 16 July to 23 August 1944.
In April 1947, the submarine was assigned to the Ninth Naval District to train naval reservists, and reported to the Naval Reserve Training Center, Detroit, Michigan, on 8 December.
The vessel spent 5 weeks in dock for a routine overhaul, being covered in 7,000 lbs of paint, including 6 coats on her anchor chain.
Although neutral genetic markers show a recent history of these two forms, the substantial size difference is likely to be driven by ecological adaptation.
With a wingspan between and and weight rarely exceeding , the New Zealand falcon is slightly over half the size of the swamp harrier, which it usually attacks on sight.
The New Zealand falcon is mainly found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the South Island, and is rarely seen north of a line through the central area of the North Island.
An aggressive bird that displays great violence when defending its territory, the New Zealand falcon has been reported to attack dogs, as well as people.
The New Zealand falcon nests in a scrape in grassy soil or humus in various locations: under a rock on a steep slope or on a rock ledge, among epiphytic plants on a tree branch, or under a log or branch on the ground,or on bare ground, making the two or three eggs that they lay vulnerable to predators such as stray cats, stoats, weasels, possums, and wild dogs.
They continue to be persecuted by farmers and pigeon-owners: up to three-quarters of falcons die in their first year, mostly as a result of human actions.
In 2005, funding was given by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry towards a programme that uses the falcons to control birds that damage grapes and act as pests in vineyards as well as monitoring the birds and establishing a breeding population in the vicinity of the Marlborough wine region.
After the release of a further 15 birds breeding began to occur – the first time it is thought to have happened since land clearance 150 years ago.
Both a five-year radio tracking study of released birds in Marlborough and an observational study in Glenorchy have attributed nearly half of the bird deaths to electrocution on 11,000 volt distribution transformers and structures.
The New Zealand falcon features on the reverse of the New Zealand $20 note and has twice been used on New Zealand stamps.
Meaning has been attributed to flowers for thousands of years, and some form of floriography has been practiced in traditional cultures throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Plants and flowers are used as symbols in the Hebrew Bible, particularly of love and lovers in the Song of Songs, as an emblem for the Israelite people and for the coming Messiah.
Gifts of blooms, plants, and specific floral arrangements were used to send a coded message to the recipient, allowing the sender to express feelings which could not be spoken aloud in Victorian society.
According to Jayne Alcock, Grounds and Gardens Supervisor at The Walled Gardens of Cannington, the renewed Victorian era interest in the language of flowers finds its roots in Ottoman Turkey, specifically the court in Constantinople and an obsession it held with tulips during the first half of the 18th century.
The floriography craze was introduced to Europe by two people: Englishwoman Mary Wortley Montagu (1689–1762), who brought it to England in 1717, and Aubry de La Mottraye (1674–1743), who introduced it to the Swedish court in 1727.
Floriography was popularized in France during 1810–1850, while in Britain it was popular during the Victorian age (roughly 1820–1880), and in the United States during 1830–1850.
La Tour's book stimulated the publishing industry especially in France, England, and the United States, but also in Belgium, Germany, and other European countries as well as in South America.
These pieces contained the botanic, English, and French names of the plant, a description of the plant, an explanation of its Latin names, and the flower's emblematic meaning.
The significance assigned to specific flowers in Western culture varied — nearly every flower had multiple associations, listed in the hundreds of floral dictionaries — but a consensus of meaning for common blooms has emerged.
Likewise, the deep red rose and its thorns have been used to symbolize both the blood of Christ and the intensity of romantic love, while the rose's five petals are thought to illustrate the five crucifixion wounds of Christ.
The black rose (actually a very dark shade of red, purple, or maroon) has a long association with death and dark magic.
William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charlotte and Emily Bronte, and children's novelist Frances Hodgson Burnett, among others, used the language of flowers in their writings.
When the protagonist, Elisa, finds her beloved chrysanthemums tossed on the ground, her hobby and womanhood have been ruined; this suffices the themes of lost appreciation and femininity in Steinbeck's work.
Several Anglican churches in England have paintings, sculpture, or stained glass windows of the lily crucifix, depicting Christ crucified on or holding a lily.
The Victorian Pre-Raphaelites, a group of 19th-century painters and poets who aimed to revive the purer art of the late medieval period, captured classic notions of beauty romantically.
These artists are known for their idealistic portrayal of women, emphasis on nature and morality, and use of literature and mythology.
John Everett Millais, a founder of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood, used oils to create pieces filled with naturalistic elements and rich in floriography.
Contemporary artist Whitney Lynn created a site-specific project for the San Diego International Airport employing floriography, utilizing flowers' ability to communicate messages that otherwise would be restricted or difficult to speak aloud.
Based on Dutch Golden Age still-life painting, the flowers in the arrangement represent countries that have been sites of US military operations and conflicts.
In the Country of Last Things is a dystopian epistolary novel written by American author Paul Auster, first published in 1987.
Anna has entered the city to search for her brother William, a journalist, and it is suggested that the Blumes come from a world to the East which has not collapsed.
Anna arrives in the city with William's address, and an address and photo for Samuel Farr, whom William's editor sent to the city after failing to receive word from William.
However, in a turn of events she later understands to be typical of life in the city, she finds that not only has William's house been demolished, but the entire street where he lived has been reduced to rubble.
Anna lives on the streets of the city as an 'object hunter', a job which involves scavenging for specific objects rather than collecting general waste.
Isabel is, like Anna, an object hunter, despite her advanced age, and has an uncanny knowledge of where and when to find the objects they require.
She lives with her husband, Ferdinand, a rude man who does not work, but makes ships in bottles from small waste materials he finds.
Ferdinand tries to rape Anna, but she, trying to scare him away, accidentally starts to strangle him and gives up before he dies, while Isabel is supposedly asleep.
Anna and Isabel discover that Ferdina\nd had died in the morning, hinting that Isabel had finished the job later that evening.
Isabel and Anna, not wanting to simply leave his body in the street or carry it to a crematorium, throw it from the roof of their apartment building, making it seem as if Ferdinand had committed suicide.
She dies, and after Anna has taken her body to be cremated, housebreakers arrive at her apartment and overpower her, making her homeless once again.
After having been homeless for a period, Anna is forced to run from a police officer, and goes through the first open door she sees, which turns out to be the city's national library.
The group cannot help Anna on her mission to find William, but one of the rabbi's accomplices directs her to Samuel Farr, who it transpires is also living in the library.
Anna remedies the couple's financial situation with the money she has obtained from selling Isabel and Ferdinand's possessions, and the two are able to live in relative comfort and afford luxury items such as cigarettes.
However, the Jewish groups are forced to leave the library when the government decides to exert its authority, and are replaced by a man named Dujardin, of whom Anna is suspicious.
Anna's shoes start to wear out, and Sam refuses to let Anna leave their apartment until he has procured a new pair, especially because Anna is now pregnant.
This takes time, however, and Anna is tempted by an offer from Dujardin to buy her a pair from his cousin, and, despite her initial dislike of him, she accepts his offer.
She follows him to his cousin's house, but realizes she has been tricked, and that the house is a human slaughterhouse.
When she awakes, she lives in luxury, but is deeply distressed to hear that a fire has broken out at the library, Sam's whereabouts are unknown, and she has had a miscarriage.
Anna takes a position at Woburn House, and becomes close to her colleagues; Victoria, the daughter of the House's founder, Dr. Woburn; Frick, an older man who serves as a driver and has a strange way of speaking; Willie, Frick's introverted fifteen-year-old grandson; and Boris Stepanovich, an enigmatic character responsible for procuring food and supplies for the House.
When he returns to full health, Victoria asks him to contribute to the House by pretending to be a doctor: there is no longer any medical equipment except for painkillers and bandages, so the charade is unlikely to be uncovered, and people enjoy telling him their stories.
However, Boris tells Anna that Woburn House is financially unsustainable, as it relies on a finite supply of items taken from Dr. Woburn's collection.
He starts to act erratically, and eventually violently, taking a gun and murdering several residents of the House, before turning to Victoria, Sam and Anna.
Sam shoots him before he can reach them, but too much damage has been done to the House and its reputation for it to continue.
The House closes down and, with the last of their money (taken from selling the remnants of the Woburn collection and Boris's personal wealth), the four obtain travel permits.
The novel ends with Anna considering the best way for them to leave the city, and telling the unknown acquaintance to whom she is writing that she will write again.
It is unknown whether the letter was sent, and whether Anna, Victoria, Sam and Boris were successful in their attempt to leave the city.
The 'last things' in the title of the book refers not only to the disappearance of manufactured objects and technology but also the fading of memories of them and the words used to describe them.
As of 2013, a film adaptation directed by Alejandro Chomski was in production, shooting in Argentina but has not been released yet.
The writing of the linked-verse form renga dates to the middle of the Heian period (roughly AD 1000) and developed through the medieval era.
By the 13th century there were very set rules for the writing of renga, and its formal structure specified that about half of the stanzas should include a reference to a specific season, depending upon their place in the poem.
Today most Japanese haiku include a kigo, though many haiku written in languages other than Japanese omit it (see for example Haiku in English).
In autumn the days become shorter and the nights longer, yet they are still warm enough to stay outside, so one is more likely to notice the moon.
In the Japanese calendar, seasons traditionally followed the lunisolar calendar with the solstices and equinoxes at the middle of a season.
Although haiku are often thought of as poems about nature, two of the seven categories are primarily about human activities (Humanity and Observances).
Today in many places it is celebrated on 7 July; hence there is a dispute as to how Tanabata should be treated as a kigo.
Since kigo are affiliated with seasonal events, several modern haiku poets have had to reconsider the construction of kigo and their attribution to the seasons.
One of the biggest changes to the local tradition is the creation of the lunar New Year as a seasonal section for kigo.
The writing of haiku around the world has increased with the advent of the internet, where one can even find examples of haiku written in Latin, Esperanto, and Klingon, as well as numerous examples in more common languages.
Many phenomena that might be used as kigo are similar throughout much of the world, such as the blooming of flowers and trees in the spring, and the migration of birds in the spring and autumn.
The tropics, for example, are very different from the temperate climate of Japan and usually only have a wet or Monsoon season, and a dry season.
Tornado Alley area of the United States has its tornado season (peaking from late winter through mid summer, depending upon latitude).
On the other hand, in the Caribbean and the east coast of North America and surrounding areas, it is Hurricane Season during the summer and autumn months.
Haiku had been traditionally written about the singing of mating frogs, but Bashō chose to focus on a very different sound.
For example, Japanese experts have classified only about 10 of Matsuo Bashō's (1644-1694) hokku in the miscellaneous (zō) category (out of about 1,000 hokku).
As with most of the pre-Meiji poets, Bashō was primarily a renku poet (that is, he composed linked verse with other poets), so he also wrote plenty of miscellaneous and love stanzas for the interior lines of a renku.
The Meiji era poet Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902), who recommended several major reforms to the writing of hokku and tanka, including an expansion in subject matter and vocabulary, still included kigo in his revision of hokku, which he renamed haiku.
Experts have classified a few hundred of Shiki's haiku in the miscellaneous category (out of the few thousand that he wrote).
In the early part of the 20th century, there were a number of Japanese poets, such as Kawahigashi Hekigoto, Ogiwara Seisensui, Noguchi Yonejiro, Taneda Santōka, Ozaki Hōsai, Nakatsuka Ippekirō, and Ban'ya Natsuishi who were less concerned about some traditions of haiku such as the inclusion of kigo.
Until a few modern saijiki added the miscellaneous category, no seasonless haiku would have been included as examples in saijiki, which are the major references for haiku poets in Japan.
Keywords are words such as dawn, birthday cake, ocean wave, beggar or dog, with strong associations, but which are not necessarily associated with a particular season.
Despite this, Katharina is often considered one of the most important participants in the Reformation because of her role in helping to define Protestant family life and setting the tone for clergy marriages.
According to common belief, she was born on 29 January 1499 in Lippendorf; however, there is no evidence of this date from contemporary documents.
Due to the various lineages within the family and the uncertainty about Katharina's birth name, there were and are diverging theories about her place of birth.
Recently a different perspective has been proposed: that she was born in Hirschfeld and that her parents are supposed to have been a Hans von Bora zu Hirschfeld and his wife Anna von Haugwitz.
It is also possible that Katharina was the daughter of a Jan von Bora auf Lippendorf and his wife Margarete, whose family name has not been established.
At the age of nine she moved to the Cistercian monastery of Marienthron (Mary's Throne) in Nimbschen, near Grimma, where her maternal aunt was already a member of the community.
After several years of religious life, Katharina became interested in the growing reform movement and grew dissatisfied with her life in the convent.
On Easter Eve, 4 April 1523, Luther sent Leonhard Köppe, a city councilman of Torgau and a merchant who regularly delivered herring to the convent.
Luther at first asked the parents and relations of the refugee nuns to admit them again into their houses, but they declined to receive them, possibly because this would make them accomplices to a crime under canon law.
Katharina had a number of suitors, including the Wittenberg University alumnus Jerome (Hieronymus) Baumgärtner (1498–1565) of Nuremberg, and a pastor, Kaspar Glatz of Orlamünde.
She told Luther’s friend and fellow reformer, Nikolaus von Amsdorf, that she would be willing to marry only Luther or von Amsdorf himself.
Martin Luther married Katharina on 13 June 1525, before witnesses including Justus Jonas, Johannes Bugenhagen, and Barbara and Lucas Cranach the Elder.They held a wedding breakfast the next morning with a small company.
Katharina immediately took on the task of administering and managing the monastery's vast holdings, breeding and selling cattle and running a brewery to provide for their family, the steady stream of students who boarded with them, and visitors seeking audiences with her husband.
The marriage of Katharina von Bora to Martin Luther was extremely important to the development of the Protestant Church, specifically in regards to its stance on marriage and the roles each spouse should concern themselves with.
This again exhibits his reluctance, but overall willingness to give her control and a voice in their lives and his eventual support for all women to behave in the same way.
Anecdotal evidence indicates that Katharina von Bora’s role as the wife of a critical member of the Reformation paralleled the marital teachings of Luther and the movement.
She assisted him with running the estate duties as he couldn’t complete both these and those to the church and university.
When Martin Luther died in 1546, Katharina was left in difficult financial straits without Luther's salary as professor and pastor, even though she owned land, properties, and the Black Cloister.
She was counselled by Martin Luther to move out of the old abbey and sell it after his death, and move into much more modest quarters with the children who remained at home, but she refused.
Almost immediately after, Katharina had to leave the Black Cloister (now called Lutherhaus) by herself, at the outbreak of the Schmalkaldic War, fleeing to Magdeburg.
After the war, the buildings and lands of the monastery had been torn apart and laid waste, and cattle and other farm animals had been stolen or killed.
Katharina was able to support herself thanks to the generosity of John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and the princes of Anhalt.
She remained in Wittenberg in poverty until 1552, when an outbreak of the Black Plague and a harvest failure forced her to leave the city once again.
For three months she went in and out of consciousness, before dying in Torgau on 20 December 1552, at the age of 53.
Margareta Luther, born in Wittenberg on 27 December 1534, married into a noble, wealthy Prussian family, to Georg von Kunheim (Wehlau, 1 July 1523 – Mühlhausen, 18 October 1611, the son of Georg von Kunheim (1480–1543) and wife Margarethe, Truchsessin von Wetzhausen (1490–1527)) but died in Mühlhausen in 1570 at the age of thirty-six.
Her descendants have continued to modern times, including German President Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934) and the Counts zu Eulenburg and Princes zu Eulenburg and Hertefeld.
Katharina von Bora is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of some Lutheran Churches in the United States on December 20.
Background music refers to a mode of musical performance in which the music is not intended to be a primary focus of potential listeners, but its content, character, and volume level are deliberately chosen to affect behavioral and emotional responses in humans such a concentration, relaxation, distraction, and excitement.
The range of responses created are of great variety, and even opposite, depending on numerous factors such as, setting, culture, audience, and even time of day.
Background music is commonly played where there is no audience at all, such as empty hallways and restrooms and fitting rooms.
It is also used in artificial space, such as music played while on hold during a telephone call, and virtual space, as in the ambient sounds or thematic music in massively multiplayer online role-playing games.
The widespread use of background music in offices, restaurants, and stores began with the founding of Muzak in the 1930s and was characterized by repetition and simple musical arrangements.
Its use has grown worldwide and today incorporates the findings of psychological research relating to consumer behavior in retail environments, employee productivity, and workplace satisfaction.
Due to the growing variety of settings (from doctors offices to airports), many styles of music are utilized as background music.
In spite of the international distribution common to syndicated background music artists, it is often associated with artistic failure and a lack of musical talent in the entertainment industry.
There are composers who write specifically for music syndication services such as Dynamic Media and Mood Media, successors of Muzak, and MTI Digital.
Elevator music (also Muzak, piped music, or lift music) is a more general term indicating music that is played in rooms where many people come together (that is, with no intention whatsoever to listen to music), and during telephone calls when placed on hold.
This type of music was produced, for instance, by the Mantovani Orchestra, and conductors like Franck Pourcel and James Last, peaking in popularity around the 1970s.
This style of music is sometimes used to comedic effect in mass media such as film, where intense or dramatic scenes may be interrupted or interspersed with such anodyne music while characters use an elevator.
Some people can be deeply annoyed by piped music, and even find it spoils their enjoyment in recreation or drives them out of shops: Eight out of 10 people have left an establishment early because it was too noisy.
The Good Pub Guide 2017 called for a ban on piped music in pubs, already the case in houses managed by the Samuel Smith Brewery.
With the proliferation of boutique fitness classes in the late 2010's, a new emphasis is being placed on properly licensing music to be used by instructors in a group fitness environment.
This allows the retailer to instantly update music and messages which are deployed at the store level as opposed to using older compact disc and satellite technologies.
Business audio refers to a type of service that provides audio content that is licensed for use in a commercial setting.
Business audio is produced off-site and delivered to the client via a number of methods including DBS satellite, SDARS satellite, coaxial cable, FM radio subcarrier, leased line, internet broadband, compact disc, and tape.
Business audio services allow clients to use audio content in public and commercial settings by paying appropriate royalties to performing rights organizations like ASCAP, BMI, SESAC and GEMA in Germany.
The 1964 3M Cantata 700 played continuous and auto-reversing one of its large and proprietary magnetic tape cartridges, containing up to 26 hours of music.
Historically part of Cheshire, it gave its name to a family who owned much of the surrounding area from before the time of the Norman conquest.
Hollingworth was in the ancient Hundred of Hamestan before 1000 AD which is believed to be the ancient boundaries of the Pecsaetan tribesmen.
In 1059 when the Saxons ruled Cheshire, Hollingworth was held by a freeman who owed his rights to his senior lord; Edwin the Earl of Chester.
Paul Howson and William Booth wrote that 'No population is recorded for the area covered by the later forest of Macclesfield or the Lordship of Longdendale ...'.
The Lordship of Longdendale was a term that came into common use around 1359, to describe a parcel of manors which includes Hollingworth.
The wholesale ejectment of the Saxons from manors in Longdendale appears to have specific to those lands under the control of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester.
He replaced the Saxon freeman on the Cheshire side of Longdendale with Normans and Saxon farmers under the control of a local Saxon chieftain called Wulfric (pronounced Uluric).
On the Derbyshire side of Longdendale, which was controlled by the king, many ancient Saxon families remained in control of their lands.
Heavily wooded and dangerous because of wolves in the forests, Hollingworth and the manors of Mottram, Matley, Tintwistle and Stayley appear to have been wilderness until 1211.
Sometime before 1211, Sir William De Neville (De NovaVilla), took up residence at Bucton Castle in Tintwistle, and was installed as over-lord to manage the local lords in possession of Hollingworth, Wolley, Broadbottom, Hattersley, Wernet, Matley, Stayley, Mottram-in-Longdendale and Tintwistle.
In 1211, William De Neville gave his son-in-law, Thomas de Burgh or Burgo, control of all the manors in Longdendale as the supreme over-lord.
Around 1222, Thomas de Burgh took the neighbouring manor of Godley from Albinus and gave it to Adam, son of Reginald de Bredbury.
The ancient manor of Hollingworth including the minor manors of Thorncliffe and Wolley was held by the de Holynworths of Hollingworth Hall by 'knight's service'.
Little Hollingworth was inherited by a younger brother who lived at Old Mottram Hall; he married the heiress to Matley Hall.
A younger sister held a share of Thorncliffe Manor, also called Little Hollingworth manor, and was at Thorncliffe Hall in 1359.
A pedigree for the family shows they descended in a continuous male line from the Lords of Hollingworth to the present day.
The village is served by the A628 road (leading to the Woodhead pass to Barnsley) and the A57 road (leading to the Snake Pass to Sheffield).
It also has the Stagecoach Bus Service, 237 and 236, going from Glossop to Ashton-under-Lyne, every 20 minutes up until 6pm then running every hour.
The ships were used to carry supplies for the Royal Navy Task Force sent by the British government to retake the Falkland Islands from Argentine occupation.
The mission was led by Corvette Captain Roberto Curilovic (call sign 'Tito'), flying Super Etendard 0753/3-A-203, and his wingman, Warship Lieutenant Julio Barraza, (call sign 'Leo') flying in 0754/3-A-204 — both from 2da Escuadrilla Aeronaval de Caza y Ataque.
A dangerous task, carried out by Sea King helicopters, was to act as decoys, to deflect sea-skimming missiles away from surface ships.
This was achieved by hovering close to the ship and as the radar seeker could not resolve targets in azimuth the ship/helicopter combination appeared as a single target.
If the helicopter was not too high the missile guidance system would aim for the centroid of its apparent target and hopefully pass between the two.
Due to the presence of both fuel and ammunition that were stored below decks, the incendiary effect of the unburnt propellant from the missiles caused an uncontrollable fire.
This included 12 officers (master, chief officer, second officer, third officer, radio officer, chief engineer, second engineer, two third engineers, fourth engineer, electrician and purser), 10 petty officers (bosun, four mechanics, two first cooks, second cook and baker, second cook and second steward) and 11 ratings (five seamen, three greasers and three assistant stewards).
They were champions of the Saddleworth and District Cricket League in 2003 and moved into the Lancashire County League for 2004 and then into the Greater Manchester Cricket League in 2016.
An early member and very young player for Flowery Field Cricket Club was Warren Bradley who later played football for Manchester United and scored in the F.A.
As part of the governments building schools for the future programme, the school was completely rebuilt and was opened in November 2012.
Flowery Field infants and junior schools are now in a combined building on the original site which opened in January 2015.
This service is run by Stagecoach Manchester and operates every 8 mins each way 7am - 8pm Monday to Saturday and every 20 mins each way on Sundays and evenings past 8pm.
This service is run by Stotts Coaches and Stagecoach Manchester and operates every 60 mins each way everyday from 7.30am - 11.30pm.
Thomas Ashton (who owned the cotton mill across the road) built the church at his own expense and donated it to the congregation as a sacred trust.
Upon completion Thomas Ashton then made a magnificent gesture by returning this sum on condition that the money be invested and the interest used to augment a Minister's stipend.
The church still has weekly services and an active social calendar, and is open to any denomination as a Free Christian Fellowship 'We uphold the right of everyone to practise the Christian faith in their own personal way'.
Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.
In modern English usage, however, it has lost the diminutive meaning and usually refers to any brown- or black-haired girl or woman, or the associated hair color.
In northern and central Europe medium to light brown shades are the most common, while darker shades prevail in the rest of the continent.
Brown hair, mostly medium to light brown shades, are also dominant in Australia, Canada and the United States among descendants of the Northern, Central and Eastern European (British, Scandinavian, Baltic, Dutch/Flemish, German (including Swiss-German and Austrian), Slovenian, Polish, Ukrainian and Russian) as well as Southern (Italian, Spanish, Greek, Portuguese) and Southeastern European (Croatian, Serbian) immigrants.
Dark brown hair is predominant in the Mediterranean parts of Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, and in parts of South Asia.
It may occasionally be found among Indigenous Siberians and Americans;(formerly) especially for mostly populations in Southeast Asia due to pigment changes (such as the Philippines and Vietnam) for example particularly when they are young, as well as in many other groups.
The range of skin colors associated with brown hair is vast, ranging from the palest of skin tones to a dark olive complexion.
Brown hair comes in a wide variety of shades from the very darkest of brown (almost black) to lightest brown (almost blond) showing small signs of blondism.
A British study into hair color and the intensity of attraction found that 62 percent of the men participating in the study associated brown-haired women with stability and competence.
The rivalry may take the form of competitive sports or as part of a love triangle in which a blonde and a brunette woman compete for the affections of a man.
Audenshaw expanded as a centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era with inhabitants employed in hat-making, cotton-spinning, calico-printing, and silk-weaving.
Stretching from Ashton Moss in the east to just east of Stretford in the west, the origin of the ditch is unclear.
Despite the legend, the U-shape of the ditch – as opposed to the usual V-shape of military earthworks – and the absence of an associated bank indicates that Nico Ditch was probably a boundary marker.
Although it is thought to be earlier, the earliest documented reference to Nico Ditch is in a charter detailing the granting of land in Audenshaw to the monks of the Kersal Cell.
thanage held by Saxons, but following the Norman conquest of England fell within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, and noted as a division of Ashton, an ancient township and parish within the hundred of Salford.
The division of Audenshaw spanned the village of Audenshaw, and the outlying settlements of Danehead, Hooleyhill, Littlemoss, North-street, Walkmill, Waterhouses and Woodhouses.
Under the Local Government Act 1894, the area of the local board became the Audenshaw Urban District, a local government district in the Ashton-under-Lyne Poor Law Union and administrative county of Lancashire.
Under the Local Government Act 1972, the Audenshaw Urban District was abolished, and Audenshaw has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, within the Metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Audenshaw had a population of 12,790.
Audenshaw's 5,260 households included 29.0% one-person, 38.5% married couples living together, 8.8% were co-habiting couples, and 11.4% single parents with their children.
Of those aged 16–74, 33.4% had no academic qualifications, similar to the Tameside average (35.2%), but above that of England (28.9%).
At the 2001 UK census, 80.28% of Audenshaw's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 1.1% Muslim, 0.6% Hindu, 0.3% Buddhist, and 0.1% Sikh.
As was the case in neighbouring Denton, in the 19th century most of Audenshaw's residents were occupied in the hatting industry, the manufacture of cotton and silk, and calico printing.
According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment Audenshaw's residents aged 16–74 was 20.3% manufacturing, 18.7% retail and wholesale, 10.1% property and business services, 9.0% health and social work, 8.2% construction, 6.8% transport and communications, 6.3% education, 6.2% public administration, 5.2% finance, 3.8% hotels and restaurants, 0.9% energy and water supply, 0.4% agriculture, 0.1% mining, and 4.0% other.
The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 2.2% students were with jobs, 3.0% students without jobs, 4.7% looking after home or family, 6.5% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.7% economically inactive for other reasons.
The church was constructed in 1846, at a cost of £2,900 (equivalent to £ in 2020) and provided space for a congregation of 750.
Ryecroft Hall, a Grade II listed building, was donated to the people of Audenshaw by the local Member of Parliament, Austin Hopkinson, in 1921.
The war memorial at the entrance to Audenshaw Cemetery is also a Grade II listed building and commemorates the 140 men from Audenshaw who lost their lives in World War I.
In 2008, the school was the most successful in the borough in terms of proportion of pupils attaining five or more A*–C grades at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) including maths and English (64% in Audenshaw School compared with the average of 41.8% for Tameside and 47.6% for England) and most points per pupil at A-level.
Until 1964, secondary education was also provided by Poplar Street Primary School which was built in 1914, although its primary school still exists.
The Audenshaw Greyhound Racing and Sports Ground existed from the turn of the 20th century, initially as an athletic and coursing ground and then as a trotting track, speedway dirt track and greyhound racing track until 1934.
Audenshaw is also home to the historic rugby club Aldwinians RUFC, once captain by England's rugby union captain from 1956 to 1958, Eric Evans MBE.
Hattersley is an area of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, west of Glossop and east of Manchester city centre at the eastern terminus of the M67.
Historically part of Tintwistle Rural District in Cheshire until 1974, it is the site of an overspill estate built by Manchester City Council in the 1960s.
Between 1894 and 1936 Hattersley was a largely rural civil parish in the Tintwistle Rural District in the historical county of Cheshire.
At the beginning of the 1960s, most of the area was purchased by Manchester City Council to build a large overspill estate, which became home to many families rehoused from inner-city slum areas like Gorton.
The city council transferred control of most of Hattersley's housing stock to Peak Valley Housing Association in 2006 after an attempt to transfer it to the Harvest Housing Group which collapsed when a £20 million gap in funding to refurbish the homes to new housing standards was identified.
The transfer brought a £40 million, seven-year improvement plan for existing housing tied to a £140m investment from a private developer.
Demolition of some of the 1960s low-rise houses on the estate took place in 2007 and 2008, these houses having deteriorated to a condition where refurbishment was not viable, in spite of these houses being just over 40 years old.
Moors murderer Myra Hindley and her grandmother Ellen Maybury, together with Hindley's boyfriend Ian Brady, were rehoused in Hattersley from Gorton in 1964 and lived at a new council house in the area – 16 Wardle Brook Avenue – for approximately 12 months until they Hindley and Brady were arrested in October 1965.
Brady spent much of his time at the house with Hindley and together they carried out the killings of 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey and 17-year-old Edward Evans at the house; they had already committed three murders while living in Gorton.
On 18 September 2012, drug dealer Dale Cregan made a hoax emergency call to the police from an address in Hattersley, luring Police Constables Nicola Hughes, 23, and Fiona Bone, 32, of Greater Manchester Police there by claiming that there had been an incident of criminal damage.
Originally a hamlet and manor separate from the city, urban expansion of the 20th century has meant that the area has become widely built up.
Leigham was in the parish of Plympton St Mary but is now in the parish of Estover, which itself was carved out of the manorial estate in the 1970s.
Henry Khaaba Olonga (born 3 July 1976) is a Zimbabwean former cricketer, who played Test and One Day International (ODI) cricket for Zimbabwe.
When he made his Test debut in January 1995, he was the first black cricketer and the youngest person to play for Zimbabwe.
He was considered one of the fastest bowlers in international cricket, but also one of the more inaccurate, bowling many wides and no-balls.
Olonga was educated at Rhodes Estate Preparatory School (REPS) and played cricket for the Partridges, the Zimbabwe national primary schools cricket team.
Olonga made his debut in first-class cricket in March 1994, aged 17, playing for Matabeleland against Mashonaland in the Logan Cup.
He was not an obvious or automatic choice when he was selected to make his international debut for Zimbabwe in the Test against Pakistan in Harare in January 1995 (although Olonga could have been selected to play for Zimbabwe against Sri Lanka earlier in 1995, when David Brain and Eddo Brandes were absent due to injury, but he was found to be ineligible as he still held Kenyan nationality).
Having given up his Kenyan citizenship, Olonga became the youngest player to represent Zimbabwe in international cricket, aged 18 years and 212 days.
A right arm fast bowler, Olonga was also the first black cricketer to play for Zimbabwe and the third Zambian-born Test cricketer after Phil Edmonds and Neal Radford of England.
Zimbabwe beat Pakistan by an innings and 64 runs, the team's first ever Test victory, mainly due to a double century from Grant Flower, as well as centuries from Andy Flower and Guy Whittall.
He was man of the match when he took his first 5-wicket haul (5–70) in Tests, playing against India in October 1998, Zimbabwe's second Test victory.
He was also the spearhead of the team that won Zimbabwe's first overseas Test, beating Pakistan in Peshawar in November 1998.
He holds the record for the best bowling in an ODI by a Zimbabwean, with figures of 6–19 against England in Cape Town in 2000.
He was selected to play in Zimbabwe's final game of the competition, against India, but asked to be omitted as he was out of practice.
Some of the countries playing in the tournament were concerned about security: New Zealand had refused to play in Nairobi and England refused to play in Harare.
Despite the protest, Flower continued to play for Zimbabwe in the tournament, but Olonga was omitted from the team for six matches, ostensibly on grounds of his poor form (including a walkover against England who refused to travel to Harare).
Olonga was selected to play in one more World Cup match, against Kenya in Bloemfontein in the Super Sixes stage of the tournament on 12 March.
Death threats made him go temporarily into hiding and then into exile in England after Zimbabwe's last match of the tournament, against Sri Lanka in East London.
A knee injury forced his retirement from first-class cricket later in 2003, but he has played occasional matches since 2005 for the Lashings World XI.
He was active in Formula One racing in the 1960s and 1970s and is widely regarded as one of the best F1 drivers never to win a championship Grand Prix.
Away from Formula One, Amon had some success in sports car racing, teaming with co-driver Bruce McLaren to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in .
On leaving school, he persuaded his father to buy him an Austin A40 Special, which he entered in some minor local races and hillclimbs along with practice on the family farm.
He progressed to a 1.5-litre Cooper and then an old 2.5-litre Maserati 250F, but only began to draw attention when he drove the Cooper-Climax T51 which Bruce McLaren had used to win his maiden Grand Prix.
One of the spectators there was the English racing driver Reg Parnell who persuaded Amon to come to England and race for his team.
In a test at Goodwood Amon continued to impress and was on the pace in the Goodwood International Trophy and Aintree 200 pre-season races.
For the 1963 Formula One season the Parnell team were using the year old Lola Mk4A, powered by 1962 specification Climax V8 engines.
Amon was teamed with the very experienced Maurice Trintignant for the first race of the season at Monaco and his Grand Prix career started with what was to become typical bad luck: Trintignant's Climax developed a misfire, so he took over Amon's car.
He continued to experience mechanical problems at the Dutch, Mexican and German Grands Prix; and after an accident in practice for the Italian Grand Prix left him hanging out of his car's cockpit with three broken ribs, he missed both the Italian and United States rounds.
He was a member of the Ditton Road Flyers, the social set named after the road in London where Amon shared an apartment with American Peter Revson, Hailwood and Tony Maggs.
In a series of four pre-season races in Britain and Italy, Amon recorded three fifth places at Snetterton, Silverstone and Syracuse.
He failed to qualify for the first F1 race of the season, the Monaco GP, but at the next race, the Dutch GP, he scored his first World Championship points.
Spotting an opportunity, Bruce McLaren quickly signed Amon for his new McLaren team, but when no second McLaren F1 car materialised, Amon could only drive in sports car races.
He was intended to drive the second McLaren M2B but difficulties with engine supply meant that the team never made the intended expansion to two cars.
Amon drove for Cooper at the French GP and was scheduled to drive for them for the rest of the season, until the more successful John Surtees left Scuderia Ferrari to join Cooper and Amon found himself dropped.
He subsequently received an invitation to meet Enzo Ferrari at the Ferrari home in Maranello, where he signed to race for Ferrari in 1967 alongside Lorenzo Bandini, Mike Parkes and Ludovico Scarfiotti.
En route to Brands Hatch for the pre-season Formula One Race of Champions, he crashed his road car and, following race practice, had to withdraw.
Tragedy then struck the Ferrari team when Bandini died following a crash during the 1967 Monaco Grand Prix, Mike Parkes broke both his legs at the Belgian Grand Prix and, in the aftermath, Ludovico Scarfiotti went into temporary retirement.
Amon, therefore, became Ferrari's only driver for the rest of the season, until joined by Jonathan Williams for the final race in Mexico.
Amon scored his first podium in his first official outing for the Scuderia in Monaco and at the end of 1967 had achieved four third places finishing fifth in the Drivers' Championship, in what was going to be the most successful season of his career.
Amon's Ferrari contract also included sports car racing and he began 1967 by winning the Daytona 24 Hours and 1000km Monza events with Bandini in the 4-litre Ferrari 330-P4.
He finished the year partnering Jackie Stewart to a second place at the BOAC 500, thereby clinching the manufacturer's world championship for Ferrari by one point over Porsche.
1968 was the year aerodynamics first played a significant role in F1 car design and Amon worked with engineer Mauro Forghieri to place aerofoils on the Ferrari 312.
In January 1968 Amon had returned home to New Zealand and Australia to compete in the 1968 Tasman Series which was used by many of the top Formula One drivers as a warm up series to the World Championship.
Ferrari had been interested in the series for several years and in 1965 had reengineered 2.4 Dino engines used by Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins and Phil Hill in 1958–60 with more torque and mid speed power for the planned use of team leader Surtees in the 1966 Tasman Series.
After a late season crash in US Can-Am racing by Surtees, the entry was withdrawn but consideration was given to using NZ Gold star champion Jim Palmer in a semi-works Ferrari entry in the 1967 Tasman Series as it was viewed in a 2.4 car he would be competitive with Clark and Stewart in 2 litre F1 cars.
Palmer had run world-class times in the 1966 Tasman Series, particularly in the Pukekohe practice and Longford race, and was tested in Italy at the same time as Amon by Ferrari, and ran competitive times at Modena but for whatever reason Ferrari did not compete in 1967 series.
For the 1968 series Ferrari decided to use the 2.4 engines with a new Dino 166 F2 chassis rather than a downsized 3 litre V12.
Using the 246T Amon won the first two rounds of the Tasman Series, including the 1968 New Zealand Grand Prix, before narrowly losing the series to the Lotus-Ford of Jim Clark.
After the first race of the F1 season in South Africa, Amon achieved pole positions in three of the following four races (at the Spanish, Belgian and Dutch Grands Prix) but ever-present mechanical problems meant he secured only a single Championship point from them.
Throughout the rest of the season he never qualified lower than fifth place and nearly scored victories at the British and Canadian rounds and he suffered a 100 mph crash in Italy which demolished his car.
In Britain, he duelled to the line with Jo Siffert's Lotus 49B and in Canada he dominated the race despite a malfunctioning clutch.
Seventeen laps from the finish, however, his car's transmission failed and a distraught Amon had to be consoled by Jacky Ickx.
From at least ten promising starts that season he was only able to finish five races and score ten Championship points.
Amon began 1969 with success driving the Dino engined 246 Tasmania in the Tasman Series that included winning both the New Zealand and Australian Grands Prix.
In straight fights, he beat new Gold Leaf Lotus team leader, Jochen Rindt, into second in the races at Pukekohe and Sandown.
He would ultimately win the seven race Tasman Series, probably the best of the seven year 2.5 litre international formula series in this country and the nearest to World Championship level racing in New Zealand, with ferocious competition between Rindt, Graham Hill, Amon and Williams driver Piers Courage.
It was actually much more serious racing than the McLaren dominated Can-Am series in the US in which the big sports cars required few gear changes and were essentially cruised to victory with little real competition, where the Tasman cars were essentially marginally lower power F1 cars, as difficult to drive as GP cars on unforgiving very dangerous narrow tracks.
Ferrari's F1 V12 engine was too unreliable and although its replacement had proven very fast in testing, it had suffered many mechanical breakages.
Amon had no reason to believe it would be any more dependable than the V12, so although the new engine was clearly more powerful, he decided to leave Ferrari for a Cosworth DFV powered team.
Jacky Ickx, Amon's old teammate did return to Ferrari for 1970, after a successful sabbatical with Brabham gained Ickx second in the 1969 World Championship.
Ickx saw Enzo Ferrari had secured huge backing from Fiat who had taken partial ownership of the Marque, and believed Ferrari would be a renewed team and an effective proposition.
Amon was more influenced by views of Jackie Stewart and Jochen Rindt, who believed it was essential to be Ford DFV-powered to be competitive.
In addition to Formula One, Amon also drove for Ferrari in the 1969 International Championship for Makes, partnering Pedro Rodriguez to a fourth place in the BOAC 500 at Brands Hatch and coming second at the 12 Hours of Sebring, but retiring from the 1000km Nürburgring and 1000km Monza races, all in the Ferrari 312P sportscar.
For the 1970 Formula One season, Amon made what was to be the first of several moves to smaller, newer teams.
March Engineering had been formed the previous year to build custom chassis for Formulas 2 and 3, but quickly moved into F1, designing and building the March 701.
March also sold their 701 chassis to Tyrrell, where Jackie Stewart drove it to its first victory in that year's Spanish GP.
Amon won the pre-season Silverstone International Trophy, but once the F1 season began he found himself prevented from converting good qualifying positions into good results.
He qualified second behind Stewart's Tyrrell-March for the season-opening South African Grand Prix only for his own March to overheat within fourteen laps.
Amon then qualified sixth for the Spanish Grand Prix only for his March's Ford-Cosworth DFV engine to expire within ten laps.
This was the race where Amon refused to drive unless his entry number was changed from 18 – the number under which his then teammate Lorenzo Bandini had crashed and died in Monaco – to 28.
Amon's close second place from a third-place start at the 1970 Belgian Grand Prix finally gave the March works team their first points finish.
At that race, Amon set fastest lap at over 152 miles per hour, a lap record which still stands as of 2016, as it was the last race on the full-length Spa-Francorchamps circuit.
At Watkins Glen in the USGP he was robbed of a probably certain victory, in the opinion of March designer Robin Herd, by a puncture.
By the end of the year, disagreements with March co-founders Mosley and Robin Herd meant that Amon had decided to move to another relatively new team, Matra.
In 1971, Amon, now driving for the Matra factory team, once again scored a pre-season victory, this time at the Argentine Grand Prix.
Once the Formula One season had begun, he managed to convert a third-place start at the Spanish GP into a third-place podium finish and scored a couple of fifth places in the South African and French GPs.
At the Italian GP he qualified in pole position and despite a poor start to the race looked as if he would capitalise on it – until the visor on his helmet became detached.
During the year Amon also competed in the non-championship Questor Grand Prix at the new Ontario Motor Speedway, where he qualified second and, despite suffering a puncture during the race, managed to finish fourth.
In the Tasman Series Amon started from fourth at the Levin Circuit and in the race, he battled with David Oxton and John Cannon but managed to finish third.
Amon's third race at Wigram Airfield starting fifth and spun at the start to drop him to the back of the field but managed to climb up to fifth.
In the 1972 Formula One season, Amon, again driving for Matra achieved a handful of points-scoring finishes, but only one podium appearance, at the French GP.
Here he achieved the fifth and final pole position of his career and was leading the race until a puncture forced him to pit.
With the money he had made from motorsport, Amon decided to set up a racing engine firm with former BRM engineer Aubrey Woods.
Amon Racing Engines supplied Formula 2 engines to a few drivers, but the company quickly became too expensive to run and was sold to March for a loss.
Matra decided to end their participation in Formula One at the end of 1972, so Amon found himself looking to return to March as a driver.
Tecno had entered F1 the previous year, having been a successful chassis-builder for other Formulæ and had developed a potentially powerful Flat 12 for F1.
Their first year in F1 proved to be dismal, however with considerable backing from Martini Rossi they had jumped at the chance to sign Amon, and allocate David Yorke the former Vanwall and Gulf GT40 Team Manager to run the team and commission two new chassis designs by former Lotus and McLaren mechanic.
Alan McCall who had worked on Clark and Hulme's F1 cars and unproven, British designer Gordon Fowell for a more radical back up design, in the hope he would help transform their performance.
While McCalls car was built rapidly, testing it was more time consuming and after its non appearance, for the Spanish GP, Amon and team manager David Yorke met with Enzo Ferrari to see if Amon could be released from his contract to develop the new Ferrari B3 for Ickx and Mezarrio, in a supposedly one off GP drive at Monaco.
Unfortunately, the team went from bad to worse and wasn't able to field the Tecno PA123/6 until the fifth GP of the season, the Belgian GP.
Amon refused to drive the McCall, Techno in the Swedish or German Gps and withdrew from the Austrian GP after qualifying.
By the time of the Austrian GP, four races from the end of the season, Amon's patience had run out and he left the team.
Tyrrell offered Amon a third car – the 005 – in which to drive the last two races of the season.
After a mediocre first outing at the Canadian GP, he and Jackie Stewart withdrew from the final race of the year, the United States GP, following the death of their teammate François Cevert during qualifying.
Gordon Fowell designed the car, the AF101, which featured a single central fuel tank, titanium torsion bars and a forward driving position.
Structurally, however, it proved to be weak and was not ready for an F1 appearance until the fourth race of the season, the Spanish GP.
Amon was only able to qualify 23rd, thanks to brake-disc vibration that only became worse with the tyres for the wet race that followed.
Following further work and testing, Amon returned for the Monaco GP and qualified twentieth, but, thanks to mechanical problems, he was unable to start the race.
Further problems and illness meant Amon was not able to reappear with the F101 until the Italian GP, three races from the end of the season, but this time he was unable to qualify.
That sealed the fate of both the car and Chris Amon Racing, leaving Amon to drive the season's last two races with the faltering BRM team.
Amon contested the 1975 F5000 Tasman series against only local Australasian drivers, although Graham McRae, Warwick Brown and Kevin Bartlett were acknowledged internationally.
Amon qualified on the front row of three of the four New Zealand rounds and scored a victory at Teretonga in January 1975 in rainy conditions by 24.2 seconds.
Amon had a frustrating series of races unable to pass, South Australian Johnnie Walker, in a superior Lola T332 chassis with Repco-engineered V8.
At Surfers Paradise, running from the back of the grid he managed to eventually pass Walker by widening the braking zone in the only corner where overtaking was usually possible.
In the final deciding race for the Tasman Series with Brown, Walker and Lawrence still in contention, Walker lost his T332 on the first lap and it demolished on wooden barriers surrounding Sandown's car and horse racing tracks.
Amon intended to compete in F5000 in both Europe and the US in 1975 but started in only one round of both series, managing a pole in one Shellsport round in the UK and a 4th place overall at the Long Beach GP in a two heat race.
The speed he showed in qualifying for a couple of UK F5000 races encouraged the small Ensign team to give him a race.
Apparently a chance meeting with Mo Nunn of Ensign Racing led to the Ensign drive, but in fact Mo Nunn thought his new N175 a very fast car and did not view the two Dutch drivers favoured by the Dutch HB Security company who sponsored Ensign fast enough.
Gijs van Lennep, the 1973 European F5000 Champion in a Surtees TS11 who had won Le Mans in 1971 and 1976 was a very good driver but also one of the last racing aristocrats.
Van Lennep, qualified the car on its debut in the French GP at Paul Ricard and finished 6th in the German GP at Nürburgring, and was faster on both circuits than Patrick Nève or Amon were in 1976.
Amon managed 7th in the non-championship Swiss GP at Dijon chasing James Hunt debuting the disappointing Hesketh 308C and 12th in two GP drives in the Ensign N175 at the Austrian and Italian GPs.
At Monza after a long pit stop he finally ran at competitive pace, running 4 laps down but keeping pace with the leading Ferrari 312T of Niki Lauda for a number of laps.
Progressive evaluation of the possibilities of what was slowing the N175 led Amon to change the airbox alignment on the day of the Italian GP and this resulted in a 2-second gain (much like the change in air cooler position that lost and gained two seconds on Hunt's McLaren M23 resolved by the 1976 French GP).
Ironically Amon never raced the N175 again and the high airboxes had been banned by the time N176 ran at Jarama the following year, but the flash of testing and driving genius was enough to give Amon another chance.
Ensign's first race of the season was the South African GP where Amon qualified 18th and showed a revival of form, climbing to seventh place, in the old Ensign N174 and contesting sixth with Mario Andretti in the Parnelli Ford, in the last laps before a last minute refueling stop left him 14th.
Thereafter results began to improve, with Amon qualifying 17th and finishing eighth in the USA West GP; qualifying tenth and finishing fifth in the Spanish GP; and then qualifying eighth for the Belgian GP.
More points then seemed likely from the race until his car lost a wheel 19 laps from the finish and Amon was lucky to escape unhurt from the ensuing accident.
He then achieved a third-place grid position start for the Swedish GP using a Nicholson rebuilt Cosworth for the first time and in the race looked as if he would join Tyrrell drivers Jody Scheckter and Patrick Depailler on the podium, until suspension failure threw him from the track after 38 laps.
He returned for the British GP, qualifying in sixth and running fourth in the race when his Ford-Cosworth DFV engine developed a water leak.
At the German GP problems dogged his attempts to qualify well, but it was Niki Lauda's crash during the second lap of the race that had a far greater impact.
(Amon, on his retirement in 1976)However, Walter Wolf contacted Amon and persuaded him to drive for his Wolf–Williams team in the North American races near the end of the season.
After recording some promising times in preparation for the Canadian GP, however, Amon was involved in a heavy collision with another car during qualifying and once again was lucky to walk away unharmed.
Amon turned down an offer of a full-time F1 drive for 1977, but did attempt a return to Can-Am racing in 1977 with a Wolf-Dallara WD1.
His place was taken by the young and then unknown Canadian Gilles Villeneuve, whom Amon would, later that year, recommend to Enzo Ferrari.
Amon came out of retirement for a one-off appearance in the 2003 Dunlop Targa New Zealand with motorsport commentator Murray Walker as his navigator.
The pair completed the week-long Auckland to Wellington Tarmac Rally in a Toyota Camry Sportivo, the same car previously used by Walker and Colin Bond in Australia's Targa Tasmania.
After his retirement from F1, Amon dedicated himself to running the family farm in New Zealand's Manawatu District for many years.
He also appeared in TV commercials for the company, where much was made of the acclaim he won from Enzo Ferrari.
Amon was involved in the design of the upgraded Taupo Motorsport Park circuit, used for the New Zealand round of the 2006-07 A1 Grand Prix season in January 2007.
At the New Zealand Festival of Motor Racing in 2011, Amon's life and career were honoured with a selection of his cars being driven and also used the event to raise funds for the Bruce McLaren trust.
Despite never winning a championship Formula One Grand Prix, Amon won eight non-championship GPs, the Silverstone International Trophy, the 1000 km Monza, the Daytona 24 Hours, the Tasman Series and, perhaps most significant of all, the famous 24 Heures du Mans (alongside Bruce McLaren).
In Formula One, Chris Amon took part in 96 Grands Prix, achieving 5 poles, leading 183 laps in 7 races, reaching the podium 11 times and scoring a total of 83 Championship points.
Amon holds the record for the most different makes of car raced by a Formula 1 World Championship driver, with thirteen.
Amon has pointed out on several occasions that he competed for a decade and a half in Formula One and survived some serious accidents, notably in 1976, whilst others, including friends like Bruce McLaren, suffered serious injury and death.
Amon's name has been given to the Toyota Racing Series driver's championship trophy, and the International Scholarship to support drivers who win his trophy to further their careers in single-seater racing.
The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping.
The morphology of the material affects the angle of repose; smooth, rounded sand grains cannot be piled as steeply as can rough, interlocking sands.
If a small amount of water is able to bridge the gaps between particles, electrostatic attraction of the water to mineral surfaces will increase the angle of repose, and related quantities such as the soil strength.
The internal angle between the surface of the pile and the horizontal surface is known as the angle of repose and is related to the density, surface area and shapes of the particles, and the coefficient of friction of the material.
The term has a related usage in mechanics, where it refers to the maximum angle at which an object can rest on an inclined plane without sliding down.
For example, it may be used to design an appropriate hopper or silo to store the material, or to size a conveyor belt for transporting the material.
It can also be used in determining whether or not a slope (of a stockpile, or uncompacted gravel bank, for example) will likely collapse; the talus slope is derived from angle of repose and represents the steepest slope a pile of granular material will take.
If the coefficient of static friction is known of a material, then a good approximation of the angle of repose can be made with the following function.
The box is slowly tilted until the material begins to slide in bulk, and the angle of the tilt is measured.
The tip of the funnel should be held close to the growing cone and slowly raised as the pile grows, to minimize the impact of falling particles.
Rather than attempt to measure the angle of the resulting cone directly, divide the height by half the width of the base of the cone.
This method is recommended for obtaining the dynamic angle of repose, and may vary from the static angle of repose measured by other methods.
Different supports will modify the shape of the pile, in the illustrations below sand piles, though angles of repose remain the same.
The larvae of the antlions and the unrelated wormlions Vermileonidae trap small insects such as ants by digging conical pits in loose sand, such that the slope of the walls is effectively at the critical angle of repose for the sand.
They achieve this by flinging the loose sand out of the pit and permitting the sand to settle at its critical angle of repose as it falls back.
Thus, when a small insect, commonly an ant, blunders into the pit, its weight causes the sand to collapse below it, drawing the victim toward the center where the predator that dug the pit lies in wait under a thin layer of loose sand.
The larva assists this process by vigorously flicking sand out from the center of the pit when it detects a disturbance.
The sand that the larva flings also pelts the prey with so much loose, rolling material as to prevent it from getting any foothold on the easier slopes that the initial collapse of the slope has presented.
The combined effect is to bring the prey down to within grasp of the larva, which then can inject venom and digestive fluids.
The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing () is a book by David Kahn, published in 1967, comprehensively chronicling the history of cryptography from ancient Egypt to the time of its writing.
The book was to include information on the NSA, and according to the author James Bamford, in 1982, the agency attempted to stop its publication.
The NSA considered various options, including writing a negative review of Kahn's work to be published in the press to discredit him.
Kahn's publisher, Macmillan and Sons, handed over the manuscript to the government for review without Kahn's permission on 4 March 1966.
Kahn and Macmillan eventually agreed to remove some material from the manuscript, particularly concerning the relationship between the NSA and its counterpart in the United Kingdom, GCHQ.
Because of the year of its publication, the book did not cover most of the history concerning the breaking of the German Enigma machine, which became public knowledge during the 1970s.
It also did not cover the advent of strong cryptography in the public domain, beginning with the invention of public key cryptography and the specification of the Data Encryption Standard in the mid-1970s.
The book was republished in 1996, and this new edition included an additional chapter briefly covering the events since the original publication.
In recent decades the Faroese government has started using Prime Minister as the official English translation of Løgmaður, reflection the increased autonomy of the islands, but this translation does not apply to the pre-1816 office, only the modern leaders of the Faroese government.
The title refers to Pin's secret hiding place, directions to which he touts as a prize to any adults who win his trust.
and make a virtue of its portrayal of the complex emotions and politics of adults, as seen through the eyes of a child.
Common Eldarin is not actually a constructed language in the proper sense, as Tolkien didn't elaborate on its vocabulary or grammar, but merely a chronological stage of the Primitive Quendian.
Common Eldarin is mentioned mainly in the context of a set of phonological rules and evolutionary stages of the Elvish languages between Primitive Quendian and the later languages.
The first division of the Elvish tongues befell when a large group of Elves left their first abode and followed Oromë westward.
The band consisted of vocalist and guitarist Glen Phillips, guitarist Todd Nichols, bassist Dean Dinning, and drummer Randy Guss, who left the band in 2017 and was replaced by drummer Josh Daubin who had been supporting them as their drummer on recent tours.
The band broke up in 1998 to pursue other projects but in 2006 began touring the United States again for short-run tours each summer in small venues.
Toad the Wet Sprocket was formed in 1986, with the members having known one another from San Marcos High School just outside Santa Barbara, California.
Singer/songwriter and guitarist Glen Phillips was only 15, guitarist Todd Nichols and drummer Randy Guss were 19, and bassist Dean Dinning was 20.
Toad the Wet Sprocket temporarily reunited in late 2002, playing a benefit for the Rape Crisis Center in Santa Barbara and opening a few shows for Counting Crows.
Although these gigs were seemingly successful, at the end of the tour, the band decided to continue on their separate paths and careers.
On January 16, 2008, the band reunited once again to play two shows – one in St. Petersburg, Florida, then the next night at the House of Blues Orlando, prior to joining The Rock Boat VIII.
In May 2009, they played a four show mini-tour, including two nights at the intimate 400 seat venue The Ark in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and also in an outdoor venue at Neptunes Park in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Continuing throughout the 2009 summer, the group played a second 12-stop mini tour, which started with a show at the House of Blues in Houston.
In May 2010, the band gathered at a California studio to begin re-recording some of their older hits for licensing reasons.
Therefore, the band makes little money from them, so to be able to make a living off their own talent again, they made these re-recordings with the goal of having them used in film and TV.
However, they did regain full control of the songs from their first two albums, and they planned to re-release them in remastered form on their own label, Abe's Records, following the release of their upcoming studio album.
On March 22, 2013, it was announced via Toad the Wet Sprocket's Facebook page that recording of the new album had been completed.
He has toured almost constantly up to the present time, usually just him and his guitar, but often with regular guest musicians.
After this, Dinning quit the band to split his time between recording and producing local music and pursuing his acting career.
Nichols has since ended Lapdog and is focusing on writing songs along with Dinning in Nashville for country acts, and producing bands at his studio, Abe's, in Los Angeles.
Toad the Wet Sprocket's songs have been used in the soundtracks of over a dozen movies and episodes of television series.
Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he initially rose to musical fame as the lead singer of Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes.
After leaving the group over monetary disputes in 1976, Pendergrass launched a successful solo career under the Philadelphia International label, releasing five consecutive platinum albums, then a record for an African-American R&B artist.
He dreamt of being a pastor and got his wish when, at 10, he was ordained a minister (according to author Robert Ewell Greene).
In 1970, he was spotted by the Blue Notes' founder, Harold Melvin (1939–1997), who convinced Pendergrass to play drums in the group.
That all changed when they landed a recording deal with Philadelphia International Records in 1971, thus beginning Pendergrass's successful collaboration with label founders Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff.
Noting how Pendergrass sounded like Dells lead singer Marvin Junior, Kenny Gamble decided to build the song with Pendergrass, who was only 21 at the time of the recording.
The song also featured Blue Notes member Lloyd Parks singing falsetto in the background and spotlighted Harold Melvin adding in a rap near the end of the song as Pendergrass kept singing, feigning tears.
The song, one of Gamble and Huff's most creative productions, became a major rhythm and blues hit and put the Blue Notes on the map.
Between 1977 and 1981, Pendergrass landed four consecutive platinum albums, which was a then record-setting number for a rhythm and blues artist.
With sold-out audiences packing his shows, his manager – the renowned Shep Gordon, who was known for his innovative approaches to publicizing his artists – soon noticed that a huge number of his audience consisted of women of all races.
By early 1982, Pendergrass was perhaps the leading R&B male artist of his day, equaling the popularity of Marvin Gaye, and surpassing Barry White and all others in the R&B field.
On March 18, 1982, in the East Falls section of Philadelphia on Lincoln Drive near Rittenhouse Street, Pendergrass was involved in a car crash.
He lost control of his Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit – the car hit a guard rail, crossed into the oncoming lane, and hit two trees.
Pendergrass and his passenger, Tenika Watson, a nightclub performer with whom Pendergrass was not previously acquainted, were trapped in the wreckage for 45 minutes.
While Watson walked away from the collision with minor injuries, Pendergrass suffered a spinal cord injury, leaving him a paraplegic, paralyzed from the chest down.
By the time Pendergrass decided to return to the studio to work on new music he had struggled to find a recording deal.
On July 13, 1985, Pendergrass made an emotional return to the stage at the historic Live Aid concert in Philadelphia in front of a live audience of over 99,000 and an estimated 1.5 billion television viewers.
In addition, Little Brother, Kanye West, Cam'ron, Twista, Ghostface, Tyrese Gibson, 9th Wonder, DMX and DJ Green Lantern have utilized his works.
He proposed to her after four months, and they married in a private ceremony officiated by his Pastor Alyn Waller of Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church on Easter Sunday, March 23, 2008.
As members of Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church, Joan Pendergrass set up The Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church Youth Fund in the name of Pendergrass to provide assistance and a center for Philadelphia's inner city youth.
After seven months, he died of respiratory failure on January 13, 2010 with his wife Joan by his side, at Bryn Mawr Hospital in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.
There are plans to make a feature film biopic of Pendergrass's life, and Tyrese Gibson is set to star as the late singer.
Pendergrass received several nominations for the American Music Awards between 1979 and 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, Favorite Soul/R&B Album, and Favorite Disco Artist.
First established as a radical political paper in 1817, it began daily publication in 1855 and remained a broadsheet until August 2004.
In 1860, The Scotsman obtained a purpose built office on Cockburn Street in Edinburgh designed in the Scots baronial style by the architects Peddie & Kinnear.
On 19 December 1904, they moved to huge new offices at the top of the street, facing onto North Bridge, designed by Dunn & Findlay (Findlay being the son of the then owner).
This huge building had taken three years to build and also had connected printworks on Market Street (now the City Art Centre).
In 1953 the newspaper was bought by Canadian millionaire Roy Thomson who was in the process of building a large media group.
They moved the newspaper from its Edinburgh office on North Bridge, which is now an upmarket hotel, to modern offices in Holyrood Road designed by Edinburgh architects CDA, near the subsequent location of the Scottish Parliament Building.
Ian Stewart has been the editor since June 2012, after a reshuffle of senior management in April 2012 during which John McLellan who was the paper's editor-in-chief was dismissed.
In 2006 Barclay Brothers sold Barclay House to Irish property magnate Lochlann Quinn, and in 2013 Scottish video games maker Rockstar North, of Grand Theft Auto fame, signed the lease, causing Johnston Press group to move out in June 2014.
Johnston Press have downsized to refurbished premises at Orchard Brae House in Queensferry Road, Edinburgh, a move which was quoted as saving the group £1million per annum in rent.
It covers a land area of 298.61 km, and had a population of 331,254 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimated population was 368,987 in 2014.
The city is divided into five administrative districts () - namely Nusaniwe, Sirimau, Teluk Ambon (Ambon Bay), Baguala and Leitimur Selatan (South Leitimur).
Known as Indonesia's music city, Ambon became the first city in Southeast Asia to be recognised as the UNESCO City of Music in 2019.
The city is populated by a mix of ethnic Alifuru (original Moluccans), Javanese, Balinese, Butonese, Bugis, Makassar, Papuan, Minahasa, Minang, Flobamora (Flores, Sumba, Alor and Timor ethnics) and those of foreign descent (Chinese, Arabian-Ambonese, Spanish-Ambonese, German-Ambonese, Portuguese-Ambonese and Dutch-Ambonese).
On 22 December 1902, the Apostolic Prefecture of Dutch New Guinea was established in the city, later to be promoted as the Diocese of Amboina.
Ambon was a center of Christian missionary activity, and Ambon and the surrounding islands have many Christians as well as the Muslims that predominate in most of Indonesia.
In 1950 Ambon was the center of an uprising against Indonesian rule, caused by the self-proclaimed Republic of the South Moluccas.
Pilots from a Taiwan-based CIA front organisation, Civil Air Transport, flying CIA B-26 Invader aircraft, repeatedly bombed and machine-gunned targets in and around Ambon.
On 27 April a CIA raid set fire to a military command post, a fuel dump and a Royal Dutch Shell complex.
The attack on Shell was deliberate: the CIA had orders to hit foreign commercial interests in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and undermine its economy.
The next day, the same CIA pilot bombed Shell interests at Balikpapan in East Kalimantan on Borneo, which persuaded Shell to suspend tanker services from there.
On 7 May a CIA air raid attacked Ambon airstrip, seriously damaging a Douglas C-47 Skytrain and an Indonesian Air Force North American P-51 Mustang and setting fire to a number of fuel drums.
Then he flew west of the city and tried to attack one of a pair of troop ships being escorted by the Indonesian Navy.
As part of the transmigration program in the 1980s, the Suharto government relocated many migrants, most of them Muslim, from densely overpopulated Java.
Most of the land area can be classified as hilly to steeply sloping, while 17% of the land area can be classified as more flat or shallow-sloped.
The driest month is November with total precipitation of , while the wettest month is June with total precipitation of .
The hottest month is December, with an average temperature of , while the coolest month is July, with an average temperature .
The increase, if compared to 2013 GDRP at current market price equal to 12.76 percent and 5.96 percent for GDRP at constant market price.
The GDRP at current market price in Ambon 2014 was equal to Rp.9.9 trillion, whereas for GDRP at constant 2010 market price, it was equal to Rp.7.77 trillion.
In 2014, the Gross Domestic Product per capita of Ambon based on current prices grew by 8.3 percent, while for the constant price in Ambon City grew by 1.7 percent.
The poverty rate in the city of Ambon is 4.42% which is the smallest percentage of poverty in the province of Maluku.
For GDRP at current market price, the highest contribution was provided by the electricity and gas Sector with 34.2 percent, while the lowest was human health and Social Work activities,h 6.61 percent.
The enrollment rates in Ambon City were 98.72% in the primary education level, 95% in junior high, 78% in high school, and 45% in college or university.
Kathryn Tickell, OBE, DL (born 8 June 1967) is an English musician, noted for her mastery of the Northumbrian smallpipes and fiddle.
Kathryn Tickell was born in Walsall, in the West Midlands, to parents who originated from Northumberland and who moved back there with the family when Kathryn was seven.
A year later, she picked up a set of Northumbrian smallpipes brought home by her father, who intended them for someone else.
During the same year, she was named Official Piper to the Lord Mayor of Newcastle, an office that had been vacant for 150 years.
She formed the Kathryn Tickell Band, with Karen Tweed on accordion, bass, and guitar, and released the band's first album in 1991 on Black Crow Records.
In 2001, the Kathryn Tickell Band was the first band to play traditional folk music at the Promenade Concerts in London.
She formed Kathyrn Tickell and the Side, with Ruth Wall on Celtic harp, Louisa Tuck on cello, and Amy Thatcher on accordion.
After Jeffes's death, she played with the Orchestra again over a decade later when it was run by his son, Arthur.
Tickell has also recorded with The Chieftains, The Boys of the Lough, Jimmy Nail, Linda Thompson, Alan Parsons, and Andy Sheppard.
In 1997, Tickell founded the Young Musicians Fund of the Tyne and Wear Foundation to provide money to young people in northeastern England who wanted to learn music.
A mongrel, mixed-breed dog, or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one officially recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.
Although mongrels are viewed as of less commercial value than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with inbreeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.
Although mongrels exhibit great variation, generations of uncontrolled breeding and environmental pressures may tend to shape them toward certain general average body types and characteristics known as landraces, some of which may be developed by people into new standardized breeds.
The implication that such dogs must be a mix of defined breeds may stem from an inverted understanding of the origins of dog breeds.
Pure breeds have been, for the most part, artificially created from random-bred populations by human selective breeding with the purpose of enhancing desired physical, behavioral, or temperamental characteristics.
Guessing a mixed-breed's ancestry can be difficult even for knowledgeable dog observers, because mixed-breeds have much more genetic variation than purebreds.
For example, two black mixed-breed dogs might each have recessive genes that produce a blond coat and, therefore, produce offspring looking unlike their parents.
These tests are still limited in scope because only a small number of the hundreds of dog breeds have been validated against the tests, and because the same breed in different geographical areas may have different genetic profiles.
With a mixed-breed dog, the test is not proof of purebred ancestry, but rather an indication that those dogs share common ancestry with certain purebreds.
As well, many newer dog breeds can be traced back to a common foundational breed making them difficult to separate genetically.
For example, Labrador Retrievers, Flat-coated Retrievers, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, and Newfoundland Dogs share the ancestry of the St. John's water dog – a now extinct naturally occurring dog breed from the island of Newfoundland.
The theory of hybrid vigor suggests that as a group, dogs of varied ancestry will be generally healthier than their purebred counterparts.
In purebred dogs, intentionally breeding dogs of very similar appearance over several generations produces animals that carry many of the same alleles, some of which are detrimental.
If the founding population for the breed was small, then the genetic diversity of that particular breed may be small for quite some time.
In essence, when humans select certain dogs for new breeds, they artificially isolate that group of genes and cause more copies of that gene to be made than might have otherwise occurred in nature.
If the dog breed is popular, and the line continues, over hundreds of years diversity will increase due to mutations and occasional out-breeding; like an island with a few new birds—they will diversify.
Healthy traits have been lost in many purebred dogs lines because many breeders of showdogs are more interested in conformation – the physical attributes of the dogs in relation to the breed standard – than in the health and working temperament for which the dog was originally bred.
The offspring of such matings might be less likely to express certain genetic disorders because there might be a decreased chance that both parents carry the same detrimental recessive alleles, but some deleterious recessives occur across many seemingly unrelated breeds, and therefore merely mixing breeds is no guarantee of genetic health.
In one landmark study, the effect of breed on longevity in the pet dog was analyzed using mortality data from 23,535 pet dogs.
Within each body weight category, the median age at death was lower for pure breed dogs compared with mixed breed dogs.
In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e.
Another study published in 2019 confirmed this 1.2 year difference in lifespan for mixed breed dogs, and further demonstrated negative impacts of recent inbreeding and benefits of occasional outcrossing for lifespan in individual dogs.
Purebred dogs are known by breed names given to groups of dogs that are visibly similar in most characteristics and have reliable documented descent.
But in recent years many owners and breeders of crossbreed dogs identify them—often facetiously—by invented names constructed from parts of the parents' breed names.
However, starting with the American Mixed Breed Obedience Registry (AMBOR) and the Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America (MBDCA), which created obedience venues in which mixed-breed dogs could compete, more opportunities have opened up for all dogs in all dog sports.
Mixed-breed dogs, however, are difficult to classify except according to height; there is tremendous variation in physical traits such as coat, skeletal structure, gait, ear set, eye shape and color, and so on.
When conformation standards are applied to mixed-breed dogs, such as in events run by the MBDCA, the standards are usually general traits of health, soundness, symmetry, and personality.
The Kennel Club (UK) operates a show called Scruffts (a name derived from its prestigious Crufts show) open only to mixed-breeds in which dogs are judged on character, health, and temperament.
Studies that have been done in the area of health show that mixed-breeds on average are both healthier and longer-lived than their purebred relations.
This is because current accepted breeding practices within the pedigreed community results in a reduction in genetic diversity, and can result in physical characteristics that lead to health issues.
Scott and Fuller found that cross-bred dogs were superior mothers compared to purebred mothers, producing more milk and giving better care.
It was originally written by Michael Elkins in 1995 and released under the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
It allows for changing all the key bindings and making keyboard macros for complex actions, as well as the colors and the layout of most of the interface.
There are also many patches and extensions available that add functionality, such as NNTP support or a sidebar similar to those often found in graphical mail clients.
Mutt is fully controlled with the keyboard, and has support for mail conversation threading, meaning one can easily move around long discussions such as in mailing lists.
New messages are composed with an external text editor by default, unlike pine which embeds its own editor known as pico.
Mutt is capable of efficiently searching mail stores by calling on mail indexing tools such as Notmuch, and many people recommend Mutt be used this way.
Mutt is often used by security professionals or security-conscious users because of its smaller attack surface compared with other clients that ship with a web browser rendering engine or a JavaScript interpreter.
In relation to Transport Layer Security, Mutt can be configured to trust certificates on first use, and not to use older, less secure versions of the Transport Layer Security protocol.
They also shared the same first and second baptismal names; and they shared the same birthday, January 27 (fifty years apart).
He worked in Guernica and in 1804 moved to Bilbao and became a merchant in wool, rice, wax, coffee and other commodities.
The income generated in this way allowed Juan Simón to think about providing his son, who had shown prodigious musical talent, a way of developing those gifts.
In September 1821 Arriaga's father, with the encouragement of composer José Sobejano y Ayala (1791–1857), sent Juan Crisóstomo to Paris, where in November of that year Arriaga began his studies.
Arriaga soon became a teaching assistant in Fétis's class, noted and highly praised both by fellow students and other faculty at the Conservatoire for his talent.
Arriaga was well supported during his four years in Paris by his father, but the intensity of his commitment to his studies at the Conservatoire and his meteoric rise, based on his teachers' compliments and assessments of his promise, may have taken a toll on his health: he died in Paris ten days before his twentieth birthday, of a lung ailment (possibly tuberculosis), or exhaustion, perhaps both.
Thanks to the Spanish Embassy, since 1977 there has been a plaque marking the house at 314 rue Saint-Honoré in memory of the composer.
The work was commissioned by the Barenboim-Said Foundation from the composer Anna-Sophie Brüning and the author Paula Fünfeck, and is based on a traditional Arabic tale.
The music publisher Boosey & Hawkes lists further performance runs in Leipzig (in 2011); in Bonn, Bilbao, and Barañáin (in 2013); and in Madrid, Coburg, and Linz (in 2014).
His greatest works are undoubtedly the three string quartets, which (like his predecessors D. Scarlatti, Soler and Boccherini) contain notably Spanish ethnic rhythmic and melodic elements, especially in the galloping 6/8 finale of No.
2 in A major (an impressive set of variations in D major taking off from the slow D major variation movements in Mozart's K. 464 and Beethoven's Op.
5 (both also in A major as a whole), which climaxes in a D minor variation even more passionate than Mozart's D minor variation in K. 464, in the form of an impassioned, plangent lament on the top two strings of the viola going up to the second A above middle C) and No.
Periodwise, his style is on the borderline between late Classicism and early Romanticism, ranging from the late Classical idiom of Mozart to the proto-Romanticism of early Beethoven.
Following his early death, with the only reliable biographical material at the time being some reports by Fétis, his life story was fictionalized to play into rising Basque nationalism.
The view that emerges from both these newer sources does not contradict what Fétis said, but emphasizes that Arriaga's early death was a loss not just to Basque culture but also to Spanish music and by extension, European classical music as a whole.
They were an early landmark in the D.C. hardcore movement, and MacKaye and Nelson would later form the seminal punk rock outfit Minor Threat.
The Teen Idles were among the first punk groups from the early 1980s hardcore movement to break out of their regional scene to tour and sell nationally.
He met Nelson, a classmate of his, after the latter set off a pipe bomb outside their school and MacKaye went to investigate.
After seeing a Bad Brains concert, MacKaye and Nelson began playing in a punk band, The Slinkees, with school friends Grindle and Mark Sullivan.
After touring and practicing for several months, the band recorded two demo sessions at a local studio in February and April 1980, despite the engineer and a visiting band openly laughing as they recorded.
They also began playing at house parties and pizza parlors, and opened for Bad Brains at an art gallery, in a dilapidated row house in the Adams-Morgan neighborhood, called Madam's Organ.
To revive the fervor of punk, which the band felt was being distorted by new wave, the Idles sought to look as intimidating as possible.
After a number of concerts in D.C. opening for bands such as the Untouchables, the Idles decided to tour the West Coast in August 1980.
When the Teen Idles eventually began their tour, they were refused entry at Los Angeles' Hong Kong Café because of their age.
Originally due to open for the Dead Kennedys and the Circle Jerks, they settled for playing the next night, opening for the Mentors and a band called Puke, Spit and Guts in exchange for just $15.
Upon returning to D.C., the Teen Idles were asked by Skip Groff, owner of the Washington record store Yesterday and Today, to record some tracks at Inner Ear, a small recording studio in Arlington, Virginia.
It was a key event for the popularity of all-ages shows—where alcohol was not for sale, and thus no age restriction for admission.
They now faced two options: divide the money among the members, or press the recordings they had made with Zientara at Inner Ear.
We worked out a deal with their management that we just wanted to play and we weren't going to drink, so they got a marker and put a big 'X' on our hand, So we came back to Washington D.C. and went to this nightclub, the 9:30, and said 'Hey look, we're not going to drink and we will put this 'X' on our hand.
The band adopted the marking, and though it was initially meant to signify youth, it became a wider emblem for bands prepared to play to audiences under the legal age to be served alcohol.
Like the group's appearance, their lyrical subject matter reacted against the then dominant new wave scene, and the perceived complacency that many first-wave punk bands, including the Clash and the Damned, seemed to have fallen into by the early 1980s.
The Teen Idles were strongly influenced by punk bands in Washington and California, such as Bad Brains, Black Flag, and the Germs.
These influences were reflected in the Teen Idles' songs, which consisted mostly of Strejcek shouting over a one-two hardcore beat, with MacKaye and Grindle providing short and speedy riffs, interspersed with quick guitar solos from Grindle.
The band was formed in 1992 in Nashville, Tennessee and quickly gained local popularity while playing at venues such as Lucy's Record Shop and receiving frequent airplay on Nashville college radio.
During their heyday, the Teen Idols headlined many tours in the U.S. and played support with other notable bands such as NOFX, Anti-Flag, Less Than Jake, and The Queers.
After the breakup of the Teen Idols, Heather, Matt Yonker, and Kevin joined forces with Geis and Gui from Rehasher and have toured and recorded as the band Bullets to Broadway.
Matt has gone on to play with The Queers, Ben Weasel, The Methadones and now owns Drastic Sounds Recording Studio in Nashville.
In December 2008, the Teen Idols announced that they had decided to come out of retirement and would soon be making new records and playing shows again.
In early 2009, the Teen Idols announced a tentative agreement to sign with Fat Wreck Chords but an official contract never materialized.
Later that year, guitar player Phillip Hill was hospitalized with four broken ribs and a collapsed lung after trying to break up a fight.
It is one of the many fictional languages set in his secondary world, commonly known as Middle-earth, as part of the Lord of the Rings universe.
After several years of local success in the Nottingham/Mansfield area, known since 1962 as the Jaybirds and later as Ivan Jay and the Jaymen, Alvin Lee and Leo Lyons founded Ten Years After.
Ivan Jay (born Ivan Joseph Harrison, 1939, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, died in April 2009, USA) sang lead vocals from late 1960 to 1962 and was joined by Ric Lee in August 1965, replacing drummer Dave Quickmire (born David Quickmire, 1940, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire), who had replaced Pete Evans (born Peter Evans, 1940, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire) in 1962.
That performance led to a contract with Deram, a subsidiary of Decca — the first band Deram signed without a hit single.
It was the first record issued with a different playing speed on each side: a three-minute edit at 45rpm, and a nearly eight-minute live version at 33rpm.
In the 2nd half of the 1970s and early 1980s, Alvin actively toured with a new band he called Ten Years Later.
FINA, Fédération Internationale de Natation, also known as International Swimming Federation, is the international federation recognised by the International Olympic Committee for administering international competition in water sports.
She attained popularity in the 1930s and 1940s with her gospel recordings, characterized by a unique mixture of spiritual lyrics and rhythmic accompaniment that was a precursor of rock and roll.
Tharpe was a pioneer in her guitar technique; she was among the first popular recording artists to use heavy distortion on her electric guitar, presaging the rise of electric blues.
Her guitar playing technique had a profound influence on the development of British blues in the 1960s; in particular a European tour with Muddy Waters in 1964 with a stop in Manchester on 7 May is cited by prominent British guitarists such as Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Keith Richards.
Her unique music left a lasting mark on more conventional gospel artists such as Ira Tucker, Sr., of the Dixie Hummingbirds.
On December 13, 2017, Tharpe was chosen for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an Early Influence.
Sister Rosetta Tharpe was born on March 20, 1915 as Rosetta Nubin in Cotton Plant, Arkansas to Katie Bell Nubin and Willis Atkins, who were cotton pickers.
However, researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc give her birth name as Rosether Atkins (or Atkinson), her mother's name being Katie Harper.
Tharpe's mother Katie was also a singer and a mandolin player, evangelist, and preacher for the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), which was founded in 1894 by Charles Harrison Mason, a black Pentecostal bishop, who encouraged rhythmic musical expression, dancing in praise and allowing women to sing and teach in church.
Encouraged by her mother, Tharpe began singing and playing the guitar as Little Rosetta Nubin at the age of four and was cited as a musical prodigy.
In the mid-1920s, Tharpe and her mother settled in Chicago, Illinois, where they performed religious concerts at the COGIC church on 40th Street, occasionally traveling to perform at church conventions throughout the country.
In 1934, at age 19, she married Thomas Thorpe, a COGIC preacher, who accompanied her and her mother on many of their tours.
The marriage lasted only a few years, but she decided to adopt a version of her husband's surname as her stage name, Sister Rosetta Tharpe.
On October 31, 1938, aged 23, Tharpe recorded for the first time – four sides for Decca Records backed by Lucky Millinder's jazz orchestra.
Her records caused an immediate furor: many churchgoers were shocked by the mixture of gospel-based lyrics and secular-sounding music, but secular audiences loved them.
Performing gospel music for secular nightclub audiences and alongside blues and jazz musicians and dancers was unusual, and in conservative religious circles a woman playing the guitar in such settings was frowned upon.
Her nightclub performances, in which she would sometimes sing gospel songs amid scantily clad showgirls, caused her to be shunned by some in the gospel community.
Though dismissed by both artists as gossip, several in the Gospel community speculated that Knight and Tharpe maintained a romantic and sexual relationship.
Mahalia Jackson was starting to eclipse Tharpe in popularity, and Knight harbored a desire to break free as a solo act into popular music.
That same year, to commemorate Tharpe's first anniversary of being a homeowner in Richmond, Virginia, Tharpe put on a concert at what is now the Altria Theater.
Tharpe attracted 25,000 paying customers to her wedding to her manager, Russell Morrison (her third marriage), followed by a vocal performance at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C., in 1951.
In April and May 1964, Tharpe toured Europe as part of the Blues and Gospel Caravan, alongside Muddy Waters and Otis Spann, Ransom Knowling and Little Willie Smith, Reverend Gary Davis, Cousin Joe, and Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee.
A concert, in the rain, was recorded by Granada Television at the disused railway station at Wilbraham Road, Manchester, in May 1964.
Tharpe's performances were curtailed by a stroke in 1970, after which one of her legs was amputated as a result of complications from diabetes.
On October 9, 1973, the eve of a scheduled recording session, she died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as a result of another stroke.
Tharpe's guitar style blended melody-driven urban blues with traditional folk arrangements and incorporated a pulsating swing that was a precursor of rock and roll.
In 1947, she heard Richard sing before her concert at the Macon City Auditorium and later invited him on stage to sing with her; it was Richard's first public performance outside of the church.
When Johnny Cash gave his induction speech at the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame, he referred to Tharpe as his favorite singer when he was a child.
Other musicians, including Aretha Franklin, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Isaac Hayes, have identified her singing, guitar playing, and showmanship as an important influence on them.
In 2008, a concert was held to raise funds for a marker for her grave, and January 11 was declared Sister Rosetta Tharpe Day in Pennsylvania.
A gravestone was put in place later that year, and a Pennsylvania historical marker was approved for placement at her home in the Yorktown neighborhood of Philadelphia.
The film has been repeated numerous times in the UK and US, most recently in March 2015 to mark the 100th anniversary of Tharpe's birth.
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae.
Most phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as some 300 species of unicellular protists.
Some live as parasites or symbiotes of other organisms, and some are known to cause disease in humans and other organisms.
While the majority of amoebozoan species are unicellular, the group also includes several varieties of slime molds, which have a macroscopic, multicellular stage of life during which individual amoeboid cells aggregate to produce spores.
Large pseudopods may produce numerous clear projections called subpseudopodia (or determinate pseudopodia), which are extended to a certain length and then retracted, either for the purpose of locomotion or food intake.
A cell may also form multiple indeterminate pseudopodia, through which the entire contents of the cell flow in the direction of locomotion.
In all amoebozoa, the primary mode of nutrition is phagocytosis, in which the cell surrounds potential food particles with its pseudopods, sealing them into vacuoles within which they may be digested and absorbed.
Some amoebozoans have a posterior bulb called a uroid, which may serve to accumulate waste, periodically detaching from the rest of the cell.
However, while the close relationship between Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta is robustly supported, recent work has shown that the hypothesis of a uniciliate ancestor is probably false.
proposed Amorphea as a more suitable name for a clade of approximately the same composition, a sister group to the Diaphoretickes.
More recent work places the members of Amorphea together with the malawimonids and collodictyonids in a proposed clade called Opimoda, which comprises one of two major lineages diverging at the root of the eukaryote tree of life.
Traditionally all amoebozoa with lobose pseudopods were grouped together in the class Lobosea, placed with other amoeboids in the phylum Sarcodina or Rhizopoda, but these were considered to be unnatural groups.
In phylogenies based on rRNA their representatives were separate from other amoebae, and appeared to diverge near the base of eukaryotic evolution, as did most slime molds.
However, revised trees by Cavalier-Smith and Chao in 1996 suggested that the remaining lobosans do form a monophyletic group, to which the Archamoebae and Mycetozoa were closely related, although the percolozoans were not.
Subsequently, they emended the phylum Amoebozoa to include both the subphylum Lobosa and a new subphylum Conosa, comprising the Archamoebae and the Mycetozoa.
The latter is made up of both amoeboid and flagellated cells, characteristically with more pointed or slightly branching subpseudopodia (Archamoebae and the Mycetozoan slime molds).
All three VSMs share a hemispherical shape, invaginated aperture, and regular indentations, that strongly resemble modern arcellinids, which are shell-bearing amoeboids.
If the parasite reaches the bloodstream it can spread through the body, most frequently ending up in the liver where it causes amoebic liver abscesses.
The preferred diagnostic method is through faecal examination under microscope, but requires a skilled microscopist and may not be reliable when excluding infection.
Amoebiasis in tissues is treated with either metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide, dehydroemetine or chloroquine, while luminal infection is treated with diloxanide furoate or iodoquinoline.
Infections without symptoms do not require treatment but infected individuals can spread the parasite to others and treatment can be considered.
Pacific Science Center is an independent, non-profit science center in Seattle, Washington with a mission to ignite curiosity and fuel a passion for discovery, experimentation, and critical thinking.
Pacific Science Center serves more than 1 million people each year at its campus adjacent to Seattle Center, at the Mercer Slough Environmental Education Center in Bellevue, Washington, and in communities and classrooms across the state of Washington.
A satellite campus, the Mercer Slough Environmental Education Center, is a collaboration between Pacific Science Center and the City of Bellevue, Washington with educational programming for all ages about environmental stewardship, wetland ecology and nature awareness.
Pacific Science Center also offers year-round youth, teen, family and adult programs, including summer camps in various Puget Sound locations, science-themed 21+ events and research weekends.
Pacific Science Center's outreach program, Science On Wheels, has a fleet of vans that bring hands-on science education to schools throughout the Pacific Northwest.
The center's original buildings were the United States Science Pavilion designed by Minoru Yamasaki for the 1962 World's Fair in Seattle.
Eventually becoming Pacific Science Center, the World of Science, along with the Worlds of Art, Entertainment, Commerce and Industry, and Tomorrow were the five main theme areas that were intended for the masses at the World's Fair.
Located at the southernmost end of the fairgrounds and west of the Space Needle, the World of Science was located under the arches, an easily identifiable landmark.
The land and buildings were leased for $1.00 a year until 2004 when the title deed was signed over and the Pacific Science Center Foundation officially took ownership.
During the 1960s, many of the center's exhibits were carried over from the original World's Fair exhibition, though only a few of these original exhibits remain.
Currently, exhibits remaining from the World's Fair are the Lens and Mirror Machine and a suspended model of the Earth's moon.
The domed Spacerium, now known as the Seattle Laser Dome and used for laser light show, was designed for a wide-angle movie journey through space.
Before IMAX, a previous movie theater there showed films such as NASA's Apollo 8 (to the soundtrack of Yellow Submarine) and The 21st Century with Walter Cronkite.
Before being elected governor of the state of Washington, Dixy Lee Ray, Ph.D. served as Science Center director for many years.
Ray helped promote the Science Center among school children by hosting a school-age geared science program televised on Seattle PBS station KCTS-9.
The Life Building contained the Sea monster house, a replica of a First Nations longhouse, as well as a working hydraulic model of Puget Sound and the Mount Baker volcanic exhibit.
The presenters in question here were Janie Mann, who did dynamic combustion shows dressed as a witch circa 1977-78, and Dan Cox, who did physics demos as Groucho Marx in the same era.
The program consisted of 24 work study students, whose leader in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Carl Linde, set a format for the program that would last into the late 1990s.
His leadership team in the 1980s included Diane Carlson in public programs, Dennis Schatz in education and exhibits, and Dave Taylor in exhibits.
Other notable successes later in the decade were several iterations of a traveling robotic dinosaur exhibit, which led to the center eventually installing a permanent dinosaur display in the 1990s.
Pacific Science Center hosted the annual Association of Science and Technology Centers conference in October 1987 and opened several major exhibits in the same period, including Kids Works, Body Works, an animal area and a tide pool.
The walls of each building, composed of many pre-cast concrete slabs, form an arch motif used by Yamasaki in a number of other buildings he has designed.
The resulting installation was designed by Seattle artist Dan Corson and involves five 10 meter (33 ft) tall sculptures of flowers, inspired by the Australian firewheel tree.
Today Pacific Science Center is composed of eight buildings, including two IMAX theaters (one of only a few places in the world with more than one IMAX theater), one of the world's largest Laser Dome theaters, a tropical butterfly house, a planetarium, and hundreds of hands-on science exhibits.
A mixed breed is a domesticated animal descended from multiple breeds of the same species, often breeding without any human intervention, recordkeeping, or selective breeding.
Pierre Marie François de Sales Baillot (1 October 1771 – 15 September 1842) was a French violinist and composer born in Passy.
He studied the violin under Giovanni Battista Viotti and taught at the Conservatoire de Paris together with Pierre Rode (also a pupil of Viotti) and Rodolphe Kreutzer, who wrote the conservatoire's official violin method (published in the early 19th century).
His eminence in his profession was not obtained without a long struggle against great difficulties, for at the age of twelve he lost his father, who had kept a school, and became dependent upon friends for his education.
At the age of nine he was placed under a French teacher named Sainte-Marie, whose training gave him the severe state and methodical qualities by which his playing was always distinguished.
His love for his instrument was greatly augmented when, at the age of ten, he heard Viotti play one of his concertos, and from that day the great violinist became his model.
When his father died a year or two later, the intendant of Corsica, M. de Boucheporn, sent him, with his own children, to Rome, where he was placed with Pollani, a pupil of Nardini, under whom he made rapid progress, and soon began to play in public.
He was, however, unable to follow directly in the path of his profession, and for five years he travelled with his benefactor, acting as private secretary, and securing but little time for his violin playing.
In 1791 he returned to Paris, and Viotti secured a place for him in the opera orchestra, but on being offered a position in the Ministère des Finances, he gave up his operatic work, and for some years devoted only his leisure to the study of the violin.
He now had to serve with the army for twenty months, at the end of which time he once more determined to take up music as a profession, and soon appeared in public with a concerto of Viotti.
His next appointment was to the private band of Napoleon, after which he travelled for three years in Russia with the violoncello player Lemare, earning great fame.
Returning to Paris, he established concerts for chamber music, which proved successful, and built up for him a reputation as an unrivalled quartet player.
Baillot travelled again, visiting the Netherlands, Belgium, and England, and then he became leader of the opera band in Paris and of the royal band.
In March 1825, while serving as concertmaster of the Paris Opera, Baillot and Luigi Cherubini evaluated Felix Mendelssohn's application for admission to the Paris conservatory by playing his Quartet for Piano and Strings in b minor.
After the time of Baillot and his contemporaries the style of Paganini became predominant in Paris, but the influence of the Paris school extended to Germany, where Spohr must be considered the direct descendant artistically of Viotti and Rode.
Patton was born in Hinds County, Mississippi, near the town of Edwards, and lived most of his life in Sunflower County, in the Mississippi Delta.
His parents were Bill and Annie Patton, but locally he was regarded as having been fathered by former slave Henderson Chatmon, several of whose children became popular Delta musicians, as solo performers and as members of groups such as the Mississippi Sheiks.
Patton was considered African-American, but because of his light complexion there has been much speculation about his ancestry over the years.
Some believe he had a Cherokee grandmother; however, it is also widely asserted by historians that he was between one-quarter and one-half Choctaw.
There, Patton developed his musical style, influenced by Henry Sloan, who had a new, unusual style of playing music, which is now considered an early form of the blues.
Tommy Johnson, Fiddlin' Joe Martin, Robert Johnson, and Chester Burnett (who went on to gain fame in Chicago as Howlin' Wolf) also lived and performed in the area, and Patton served as a mentor to these younger performers.
He was popular across the southern United States and performed annually in Chicago; in 1934, he performed in New York City.
He gained popularity for his showmanship, sometimes playing with the guitar down on his knees, behind his head, or behind his back.
W. R. Calaway from Vocalion Records bailed the pair out of jail, and escorted them to New York City, for what would be Patton's final recording sessions (on January 30 and February 1).
He died on the Heathman-Dedham plantation, near Indianola, on April 28, 1934, and is buried in Holly Ridge (both towns are located in Sunflower County).
A memorial headstone was erected on Patton's grave (the location of which was identified by the cemetery caretaker, C. Howard, who claimed to have been present at the burial), paid for by musician John Fogerty through the Mt.
The set won three Grammy Awards in 2003, for Best Historical Album, Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, and Best Album Notes.
The Mississippi Blues Trail placed its first historical marker on Patton's grave in Holly Ridge, Mississippi, in recognition of his legendary status as a bluesman and his importance in the development of the blues in Mississippi.
It placed another historic marker at the site where the Peavine Railroad intersects Highway 446 in Boyle, Mississippi, designating it as a second site related to Patton on the Mississippi Blues Trail.
The marker notes that riding on the railroad was a common theme of blues songs and was seen as a metaphor for travel and escape.
The genus is native to the south-central and southeastern United States from Maryland south to Florida and west to the southern Ohio Valley and Texas.
Among the distinctive features of the canes is a fan-like cluster of leaves at the top of new stems called a top knot.
However, neither of these researchers left enough information to their successors, leading to confusion surrounding the identity of the species they had described.
Muhlenberg and A.S. Hitchcock each changed the circumscriptions of the species within the group, but it wasn't until epitypes, type specimens that clarify older ambiguous names, were applied to Walter's and Michaux's species in 2009 that the taxonomy could be stabilised.
Meanwhile, many similar Asian and even African bamboos were placed in this genus under a very broad concept for the group.
Preliminary phylogenetic studies in 2006 using molecular and morphological evidence have suggested that the genus forms three natural species confined to the southeastern United States.
After colonisation, cane lost its importance due to the destruction and decline of canebrakes, forced relocation of indigenous people, and the availability of superior technology from abroad.
In 1803, the French botanist André Michaux, unaware of the flora prepared by Walter, also published a description of the canes he encountered.
Walter designated no type specimens, and his Latin protologues, which describe the species, are vague and include features that could be any of the three species currently recognised.
Michaux did designate a type specimen for the species he described, but it does not include enough of the plant to determine with confidence which species it represents, while his protologues were likewise not detailed enough to avoid ambiguity.
This essentially allows current and future researchers to know precisely what is being discussed when the scientific names applied to these plants are used.
The plant was used to make structures, arrow shafts, weapons, fishing equipment, jewelry, baskets, musical instruments, furniture, boats, pipe stems, and medicines.
The Atakapa, Muscogee Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, and other Southeastern tribes have traditionally used this material for mat and basket weaving, and the Chitimacha and Eastern Band Cherokee still widely weave with rivercane today.
Many of the species are found in central and southern China, with a few species in northern Indochina and in the Himalayas.
The stem or culm has a prominent groove, called a sulcus, that runs along the length of each segment (or internode).
Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers.
It produces heat because the conversion of the chemical energy of ATP into kinetic energy causes almost all of the energy to show up as heat.
Shivering is the process by which the body temperature of hibernating mammals (such as some bats and ground squirrels) is raised as these animals emerge from hibernation.
Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in brown adipose tissue (brown fat) that is present in almost all eutherians (swine being the only exception currently known).
Brown adipose tissue has a unique uncoupling protein (thermogenin, also known as uncoupling protein 1) that allows the uncoupling of protons (H) moving down their mitochondrial gradient from the synthesis of ATP, thus allowing the energy to be dissipated as heat.
In this process, substances such as free fatty acids (derived from triacylglycerols) remove purine (ADP, GDP and others) inhibition of thermogenin, which causes an influx of H into the matrix of the mitochondrion and bypasses the ATP synthase channel.
This uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and the energy from the proton motive force is dissipated as heat rather than producing ATP from ADP, which would store chemical energy for the body's use.
The low demands of thermogenesis mean that free fatty acids draw, for the most part, on lipolysis as the method of energy production.
They are native to China and Japan, and naturalized in scattered places in Korea, Europe, New Zealand, and the Western Hemisphere.
Replicator started as a bay area Indie rock band of little distinction before finding their signature sound, often compared to bands such as Shellac, The Jesus Lizard, Steel Pole Bathtub and The Melvins.
The band had multiple songs influenced by literary works, including those of Kurt Vonnegut, Stephen King, Philip K. Dick and Neal Stephenson.
Replicator had a sound based on unusual and urgent time signatures, dissonance, repetitive heavy rhythms, an often angular guitar sound, and Neutron and Adrian's urgent, sometimes dueling vocals.
Replicator's sound was often associated with science fiction, paranoia, and somewhat obscure pop culture references, the band frequently cited the fact that they did not have any love songs in their press materials.
This record was recorded by Vern Rumsey of the band Unwound, and was released on Olympia's Radio I Down record label.
2008 also saw several more US Tours, including a full us tour documented in a tour journal on the music website superstarcastic.com.
After recording a final ep, (Including a cover of Babyland's Arthur Jermyn), released again on Radio Is Down, Replicator played their last show at The Hemlock Tavern in San Francisco on April 5.
As of January 1, 2009, former members of Replicator started two new bands with Ben Adrian forming a post-punk/shoegazing group called Guitar vs.
We did everything exactly the way we wanted to do it and did a bunch of weird stuff that some people seemed to enjoy.
Boiardo began the poem when he was about 38 years old, but interrupted it for a time because of the Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479).
meaning While I sing, Redemptor God, I see Italy covered in flame and fire.The first two books were published sometime between 1482 and 1483, most likely by Pietro Giovanni di San Lorenzo in Reggio; but all copies were lost.
The oldest copy which came down to us is the 1487 reedition of the first two books (Venice: Pietro de' Piasi); only one copy exists, kept at the Biblioteca Marciana.
The oldest complete edition we have is dated 1506 (Venice: Giorgio de' Rusconi); there also remains only one copy, kept at the Marciana.
The beautiful Angelica, daughter of the king of Cataio (Cathay), comes to Charlemagne's court for a tournament in which both Christians and Pagans can participate.
She offers herself as a prize to whoever will defeat her brother, Argalia, who in the consequent fighting competition imprisons one of the Christians.
Stopping in the Ardenne forest, she drinks at the Stream of Love (making her fall in love with Rinaldo), while Rinaldo drinks at the fount of hate (making him conceive a passionate hatred of Angelica).
She asks the magician Malagigi to kidnap Rinaldo, and the magician brings him to an enchanted island, while she returns to Cataio where she is besieged by King Agrican, another of her admirers, in the fortress of Albraccà.
Afterwards, Rinaldo, who has escaped from the enchanted island, tries to convince him to return to France to fight alongside Charlemagne: consequently, Orlando and Rinaldo duel furiously.
In the meantime the Saracen king Agramante has invaded France with a massive army (along with Rodomonte, Ferraù, Gradasso, and many others), to avenge his father Troiano, previously killed by Orlando.
Orlando and Rinaldo duel again for Angelica, and Charlemagne decides to entrust her to the old and wise duke Namo, offering her to the one who will fight most valorously against the infidels.
The poem stops there abruptly, with Boiardo's narrator explaining that he can write no more because Italy has been invaded by French troops headed by king Charles VIII.
Furthermore, in 1531 a minor Tuscan poet, Francesco Berni, re-wrote the poem in an elegant and regular Italian, since in the sixteenth century the vernacular traces found in Boiardo's work were no longer accepted.
Queer Nation is an LGBTQ activist organization founded in March 1990 in New York City, by HIV/AIDS activists from ACT UP.
The four founders were outraged at the escalation of anti-gay violence on the streets and prejudice in the arts and media.
On March 20, 1990, sixty LGBTQ people gathered at the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Services Center in New York's Greenwich Village to create a direct action organization.
The goal of the unnamed organization was the elimination of homophobia, and the increase of gay, lesbian and bisexual visibility through a variety of tactics.
The direct-action group's inaugural action took place at Flutie's Bar, a straight hangout at the South Street Sea Port on April 13, 1990.
Although the name Queer Nation had been used casually since the group's inception, it was officially approved at the group's general meeting on May 17, 1990.
The militant protest style of the group contrasted with more assimilationist gay rights organizations such as the Human Rights Campaign, Log Cabin Republicans, or National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Queer Nation was most effective and powerful in the early 1990s in the USA, and used direct action to fight for gay rights.
Queer Nation members show up en masse at Macy's department store where Olympic gold medallist Greg Louganis is promoting a new swimsuit line.
Queers arrive with WHEATIES cereal boxes with swimmer's picture pasted on front, to recall the time the cereal maker rejected Louganis as a spokesperson, ostensibly because he is gay.
Members of Queer Nation travel from New York City to the Newport Mall in Jersey City with leaflets offering information about queers, safe sex tips, and a list of famous queers throughout history.
was arranged by members of Queer Nation after the lead singer, Turbo Harris was accused of assaulting Boston club owner, Dennis Moreau.
Queer Nation/San Francisco was founded in June 1990 by Mark Duran, Steve Mehall and Daniel Paíz; they organized a meeting at the San Francisco Women's Building the following month where the group was launched publicly.
An offshoot, the San Francisco Street Patrol, was a neighborhood safety patrol in the Castro District; it outlived QN/SF itself by a year.
Other more radical actions include a blockade of Ventura Blvd, confrontations with various church groups in the area, and the taking over of a political science class at Los Angeles City College.
On July 13, 1991, the group held a major demonstration to protest police response to the July 4 gay-bashing murder of Paul Broussard; that demonstration involved between 1200 and 2000 individuals who seized the intersection of Montrose Boulevard and Westheimer Street at the heart of Houston's gay neighborhood.
Going by the name: The Pink Panthers Movement /PPM, Haley wanted to ensure that the original message the Pink Panthers Patrol created was never lost, either by apathy or legal pressure brought on by MGM Pictures/Studios.
What began with just 3 party members in June 2010, now their growth exceeds over 1200 active and supporting party members.
Teaming up with various feminist groups along the USA, The Pink Panthers Movement vows to remain a non-profit group dedicated to helping other LGBT non-profits and the Women's Liberation Front.
The Queer Nation chapters in Atlanta, Georgia; Columbia, South Carolina; Berea and Lexington, Kentucky and Nashville, Tennessee founded by Kelvin Lynn Cothren and Cheryl Lynn Summerville were active in protesting alleged homophobic policies of the Cracker Barrel restaurant chain.
Indocalamus is a genus of about 35 species of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae, native to China, Vietnam and Japan.
They are quite small evergreen bamboos normally up to in height, initially forming clumps and then spreading to form larger thickets.
The species are native to China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, with a few species sparingly naturalized in various other regions (western Europe, North Africa, North America, New Zealand, etc.
Neneh Mariann Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), better known as Neneh Cherry, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, occasional DJ and broadcaster.
Her musical career started in London in the early 1980s, where she performed in a number of punk and post-punk bands in her youth, including The Slits and Rip Rig + Panic.
Jah was born in Sierra Leone, West Africa, the son of a tribal chief, and went to Stockholm to study engineering at university.
Cherry's parents separated early and her mother married the influential American jazz musician Don Cherry, who helped raise Cherry since birth.
Through her father Ahmadu Jah's marriage to Maylen Jah (née Bergström), Cherry is the half-sister of singer Titiyo and record producer Cherno Jah.
Cherry's parents, Moki and Don Cherry, bought and converted an old schoolhouse in the countryside outside the small town of Hässleholm in Sweden in 1970.
Cherry had met Tessa Pollitt, Viv Albertine and Ari Up from The Slits earlier as her stepfather, Don Cherry, was touring with them and took the 15-year-old Neneh along.
She felt at home, after ending up there because The Slits invited Don Cherry to go on tour with them with Prince Hammer and Creation Rebel.
Cherry was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1990 in the Best New Artist Category; she lost out to Milli Vanilli, who later had their Grammy revoked when it was discovered that they had not performed on their recording.
singer Michael Stipe who helped to co-write the track along with Cherry, McVey, and Jonathan Sharp and contains samples of a guitar riff from Steppenwolf as well as drums by John Bonham.
CirKus toured Europe, with a single North American performance at the Montreal Jazz Festival in July 2006 plus a few dates in Brazil in 2008.
The Thing is a Norwegian/Swedish jazz trio, consisting of Mats Gustafsson (saxophones), Ingebrigt Håker Flaten (double bass), and Paal Nilssen-Love (drums).
The album includes tracks originally performed by an eclectic mix of artists, including hip-hop artist MF Doom, Martina Topley-Bird Suicide, and The Stooges'.
The record is an album of 10 tracks that Cherry wrote with McVey, which they took with only vocals to RocketNumberNine, who then did their musical interpretation to all the tracks.
The family has a country house near Birmingham and Wolverhampton, apartments in London and Stockholm, plus the family home in the old schoolhouse in Skåne County that she and her half-brother inherited when their mother died in 2009.
On her street style, Cherry cites LL Cool J as an influence, as well as the photographer Jean-Baptiste Mondino, Judy Blame, and designer Ray Petri.
Edwin Bradfield Liloa Chillingworth, Jr., known as Sonny Chillingworth, (July 14, 1932 – August 24, 1994) was an American guitarist and singer.
Widely influential in Hawaiian music, he played slack-key guitar and is widely regarded as one of the most influential slack key guitarists in history.
After high school, Chillingworth moved to Honolulu and joined Pahinui, Andy Cummings and others at clubs, lu'aus and all-night jam sessions.
Many islanders and tourist enjoyed listening and watching Sonny sing and play his guitar in the Don Ho Shows, at the International Market Place in the heart of Waikiki.
In the 1970s, Chillingworth began to share his knowledge with younger performers, such as George Kuo, Ozzie Kotani, and Makana, and influenced others through his recordings.
Chillingworth helped lead a revival of the slack key guitar style in the 1980s as one of slack key's elder statesman.
IV Corps is the only corps in South Vietnam that VC didn't attack significantly until the last President Duong Van Minh surrendered to North Vietnam.
Today, the region comprises 12 provinces: Long An, Đồng Tháp, Tiền Giang, An Giang, Bến Tre, Vĩnh Long, Trà Vinh, Hậu Giang, Kiên Giang, Sóc Trăng, Bạc Liêu, and Cà Mau, along with the province-level municipality of Cần Thơ.
Over 1,000 animal species were recorded between 1997 and 2007 and new species of plants, fish, lizards, and mammals have been discovered in previously unexplored areas, including the Laotian rock rat, thought to be extinct.
The Mekong Delta was likely inhabited long since prehistory; the empires of Funan and Chenla maintained a presence in the Mekong Delta for centuries.
Archaeological discoveries at Óc Eo and other Funanese sites show that the area was an important part of the Funan kingdom, bustling with trading ports and canals as early as in the first century AD and extensive human settlement in the region may have gone back as far as the 4th century BC.
This site had extensive maritime trade networks throughout Southeast Asia and with India, and is believed to have possibly been the ancient capital to the Kingdom of Funan.
The kingdom of Champa, though mainly based along the coast of modern Central Vietnam, is known to have expanded west into the Mekong Delta, seizing control of Prey Nokor (the precursor to modern-day Ho Chi Minh City) by the end of the 13th century.
However, this does not take into account that Kampuchea Krom (including Prey Nokor) existed since early history or at least Funan (Salkin et.
al., 1996); and the fact that between 10th-12th century, there were several clashes between Khmer Empire and Champa (mainly based along modern Central Vietnam).
The increasing waves of Vietnamese settlers which followed overwhelmed the kingdom—weakened as it was due to war with Thailand—and slowly Vietnamized the area.
During the late 17th century, Mạc Cửu, a Chinese anti-Qing general, began to expand Vietnamese and Chinese settlements deeper into Cambodian lands, and in 1691, Prey Nokor was occupied by the Vietnamese.
In 1698, the Nguyễn lords of Huế sent Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh, a Vietnamese noble, to the area to establish Vietnamese administrative structures in the area.
The Khmers were cut off from access to the South China Sea, and trade through the area was possible only with Vietnamese permission.
During the Tây Sơn wars and the subsequent Nguyễn Dynasty, Vietnam's boundaries were pushed as far as the Cape Cà Mau.
In 1802 Nguyễn Ánh crowned himself emperor Gia Long and unified all the territories comprising modern Vietnam, including the Mekong Delta.
Upon the conclusion of the Cochinchina Campaign in the 1860s, the area became part of Cochinchina, France's first colony in Vietnam, and later, part of French Indochina.
During the Vietnam War—also referred to as the Second Indochina War—the Delta region saw savage fighting between Viet Cong (NLF) guerrillas and the US 9th Infantry Division and units of the United States Navy's swift boats and hovercrafts (PACVs) plus the Army of the Republic of Vietnam 7th, 9th, and 21st Infantry Divisions.
While I, II, and III Corps collapsed significantly, IV Corps was still highly intact due to under Major General Nguyen Khoa Nam overseeing strong military operations to prevent VC taking over any important regional districts.
Brigadier General Le Van Hung, the head of 21st Division commander, stayed office in Can Tho to continue defending successfully against VC.
When the South Vietnamese President Duong Van Minh ordered a surrender, both ARVN generals in Can Tho, General Le Van Hung and Nguyen Khoa Nam, committed suicide after deciding not to continue battle against the VC soldiers similar as siege of An Loc.
In Binh Thuy Air Base, where the ARVN soldiers and number of aircraft defend on military operations, some ARVN soldiers and air base personnel who defended long-time at air base evacuated by helicopters to depart to presumably at Thailand shortly after hearing President Minh surrendered.
Within hours after RVN ceased to exist, VC soldiers occupied Binh Thuy Air Base and captured number of ARVN soldiers and AB personnel who didn't escape by air or surrounded all around enemy VC soldiers.
Several ARVN soldiers continued to fight resistance against VC in several places including few intact provincial capitals shortly after Minh's surrender that later either surrendered or disbanded at night or at least next day when remaining ARVN soldiers exhausted from counterattack.
The Mekong Delta, as a region, lies immediately to the west of Ho Chi Minh City (also called Saigon by locals), roughly forming a triangle stretching from Mỹ Tho in the east to Châu Đốc and Hà Tiên in the northwest, down to Cà Mau at the southernmost tip of Vietnam, and including the island of Phú Quốc.
The Mekong Delta region of Vietnam displays a variety of physical landscapes, but is dominated by flat flood plains in the south, with a few hills in the north and west.
This diversity of terrain was largely the product of tectonic uplift and folding brought about by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates about 50 million years ago.
The soil of the lower Delta consists mainly of sediment from the Mekong and its tributaries, deposited over thousands of years as the river changed its course due to the flatness of the low-lying terrain.
The water entering the Gulf of Thailand was flowing via a palaeochannel located within the western part of the delta; north of the Camau Peninsula.
The only provinces with large forests are Cà Mau Province and Kiên Giang Province, together accounting for two-thirds of the region's forest area, while forests cover less than 5% of the area of all of the other eight provinces and cities.
Being a low-lying coastal region, the Mekong Delta is particularly susceptible to floods resulting from rises in sea level due to climate change.
The Climate Change Research Institute at Cần Thơ University, in studying the possible consequences of climate change, has predicted that, besides suffering from drought brought on by seasonal decrease in rainfall, many provinces in the Mekong Delta will be flooded by the year 2030.
The most serious cases are predicted to be the provinces of Bến Tre and Long An, of which 51% and 49%, respectively, are expected to be flooded if sea levels rise by one meter.
The duration of inundation at an important road in the city of Can Tho is expected to continue to rise from the current total of 72 inundated days per year to 270 days by 2030 and 365 days by 2050.
The region, formerly part of the Khmer Empire, is also home to the largest population of Khmers outside of the modern borders of Cambodia.
The Khmer minority population live primarily in the Trà Vinh, Sóc Trăng, and Muslim Chăm in Tan Chau, An Giang provinces.
Population growth rates have been between 0.3% and 0.5% between 2008 and 2011, while they have been over 2% in the neighbouring southeastern region.
The region also has a relatively low fertility rate, at 1.8 children per woman in 2010 and 2011, down from 2.0 in 2005.
The Mekong Delta is by far Vietnam's most productive region in agriculture and aquaculture, while its role in industry and foreign direct investment is much smaller.
Due to its mostly flat terrain and few forested areas (except for Cà Mau Province), almost two-thirds (64.5%) of the region's land can be used for agriculture.
The share of agricultural land exceeds 80% in Cần Thơ and neighbouring Hậu Giang Province and is below 50% only in Cà Mau Province (32%) and Bạc Liêu Province (42%).
The region's land used for growing cereals makes up 47% of the national total, more than northern and central Vietnam combined.
The strongest producers are Kiên Giang Province, An Giang Province, and Đồng Tháp Province, producing over 3 million tonnes each and almost 11 million tonnes together.
It has almost half of Vietnam's capacity of offshore fishing vessels (mostly in Kien Gian with almost 1/4, Bến Tre, Cà Mau, Tiền Giang, Bạc Liêu).
All of Vietnam's largest fishery producers with over 300kt of output are in the Mekong Delta: Kiên Giang, Cà Mau, Đồng Tháp, An Giang, and Bến Tre.
Despite the region's large offshore fishing fleet, 2/3 (2.13 million tonnes out of Vietnam's total of 2.93) of fishery output actually comes from aquaculture.
December 2015, aquaculture production was estimated at 357 thousand tons, up 11% compared to the same period last year, bringing the total aquaculture production 3516 thousand tons in 2015, up 3.0% compared to the same period.
The Mekong Delta is not strongly industrialized, but is still the third out of seven regions in terms of industrial gross output.
Long An has been the only province of the region to attract part of the manufacturing booming around Ho Chi Minh City and is seen by other provinces as an example of successful FDI attraction.
It has been highly concentrated in a few provinces, led by Long An and Kiên Giang with over $3bn each, Tiền Giang and Cần Thơ (around 850m), Cà Mau (780m) and Hậu Giang (673m), while the other provinces have received less than 200m each.
The construction of the Cần Thơ Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge over the largest distributary of the Mekong River, was completed on April 12, 2010, three years after a collapse that killed 54 and injured nearly 100 workers.
The bridge replaces the ferry system that currently runs along National Route 1A, and links Vĩnh Long Province and Cần Thơ city.
The cost of construction is estimated to be 4.842 trillion Vietnamese đồng (approximately 342.6 million United States dollars), making it the most expensive bridge in Vietnam.
Life in the Mekong Delta revolves much around the river, and many of the villages are often accessible by rivers and canals rather than by road.
A sort of play often includes two main parts: the dialogue part and the singing part to express their thoughts and emotions.
In November 2012 she was selected as a member of the main competition jury at the 2012 International Film Festival of Marrakech.
An excellent tall groundcover or short hedge, this species is especially suited to climates similar to that of the Pacific Northwest since it dislikes dry climates.
The Blueprint is the sixth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z, released on September 11, 2001, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings.
At the time of the album's recording, Jay-Z was awaiting two criminal trials, one for gun possession and another for assault, and had become one of hip hop's most dissed artists, receiving insults from rappers such as Nas, Prodigy, and Jadakiss.
It is considered one of his best albums and has also been labeled as one of the greatest hip-hop albums of all time.
Despite its release coinciding with the September 11 attacks, it sold over 427,000 copies in its opening week and debuted at number one in the US, holding the spot for three weeks.
He was also engaged in feuds with various rappers such as Jadakiss, Fat Joe and in particular Nas and Mobb Deep member Prodigy.
Because of the September 11 attacks occurring on the same day the album was released, the first two performances were rescheduled.
Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles were subsequently added, and Jay-Z donated a dollar of the cost of every ticket sold from the tour to relief organizations.
Kanye West would later incorporate some of the production and sampling techniques he used on this album into his own solo albums.
On the vinyl edition, there are no long gaps between the songs, but they are not printed on the back of the album jacket or record label.
Otatea, called weeping bamboo, is a genus of clumping bamboos in the grass family, native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia.
He made the discovery of the wave of translation that gave birth to the modern study of solitons, and developed the wave-line system of ship construction.
John Russell was born on 9 May 1808 in Parkhead, Glasgow, the son of Reverend David Russell and Agnes Clark Scott.
It was while at Glasgow University that he added his mother's maiden name, Scott, to his own, to become John Scott Russell.
He graduated from Glasgow University in 1825 at the age of 17 and moved to Edinburgh where he taught mathematics and science at the Leith Mechanics' Institute, achieving the highest attendance in the city.
On the death of Sir John Leslie, Professor of Natural Philosophy at Edinburgh University in 1832, Scott Russell, though only 24 years old, was elected to temporarily fill the vacancy pending the election of a permanent professor, due to his proficiency in the natural sciences and popularity as a lecturer.
But although encouraged to stand for the permanent position he refused to compete with another candidate he admired and thereafter concentrated the engineering profession and experimental research on a large scale.
He married Harriette Osborne, daughter of the Irish baronet Sir Daniel Toler Osborne and Harriette Trench, daughter of the Earl of Clancarty in Dublin in 1839; they had two sons (Norman survived) and three daughters, Louise (1841–1878), Rachel (1845–1882) and Alice.
In London they lived for five years in a house provided for the secretary of the Society of Arts and then moved to Sydenham Hill, which became a centre of attention especially after Russell and his friends moved Paxton's glasshouse for the Great Exhibition to the Crystal Palace close by.
Arthur Sullivan and his friend Frederic Clay were frequent visitors at the Scott Russell home in the mid-1860s; Clay became engaged to Alice, and Sullivan wooed Rachel.
While Clay was from a wealthy family, Sullivan was still a poor young composer from a poor family; the Scott Russells welcomed the engagement of Alice to Clay, who, however broke it off, but forbade the relationship between Sullivan and Rachel, although the two continued to see each other covertly.
Scott Russell's son, Norman, stayed with Holley at his house in Brooklyn — Norman also travelled on the maiden voyage, one voyage that John Scott Russell did not make.
His son, Norman, followed his father in becoming a naval architect, contributing to the Institution of Naval Architects which his father had founded.
While in Edinburgh he experimented with steam engines, using a square boiler for which he developed a method of staying the surface of the boiler which became universal.
Six were constructed in 1834, well-sprung and fitted out to high standard, which from March 1834 ran between Glasgow's George Square and the Tontine Hotel in Paisley at hourly intervals at 15 mph.
The road trustees objected that it wore out the road and placed various obstructions of logs and stones in the road, which actually caused more discomfort for horse-drawn carriages.
In 1834, while conducting experiments to determine the most efficient design for canal boats, he discovered a phenomenon that he described as the wave of translation.
I followed it on horseback, and overtook it still rolling on at a rate of some eight or nine miles an hour [14 km/h], preserving its original figure some thirty feet [9 m] long and a foot to a foot and a half [30−45 cm] in height.
Its height gradually diminished, and after a chase of one or two miles [2–3 km] I lost it in the windings of the channel.
Such, in the month of August 1834, was my first chance interview with that singular and beautiful phenomenon which I have called the Wave of Translation.
George Biddell Airy and George Gabriel Stokes had difficulty to accept Scott Russell's experimental observations because Scott Russell's observations could not be explained by the existing water-wave theories.
His contemporaries spent some time attempting to extend the theory but it would take until the 1870s before an explanation was provided.
Lord Rayleigh published a paper in Philosophical Magazine in 1876 to support John Scott Russell's experimental observation with his mathematical theory.
In his 1876 paper, Lord Rayleigh mentioned Scott Russell's name and also admitted that the first theoretical treatment was by Joseph Valentin Boussinesq in 1871.
Korteweg and de Vries did not mention John Scott Russell's name at all in their 1895 paper but they did quote Boussinesq's paper in 1871 and Lord Rayleigh's paper in 1876.
Although the paper by Korteweg and de Vries in 1895 was not the first theoretical treatment of this subject, it was a very important milestone in the history of the development of soliton theory.
It was not until the 1960s and the advent of modern computers that the significance of Scott Russell's discovery in physics, electronics, biology and especially fibre optics started to become understood, leading to the modern general theory of solitons.
So solitary waves on a water surface are not solitons – after the interaction of two (colliding or overtaking) solitary waves, they have changed slightly in amplitude and an oscillatory residual is left behind.
Once Russell had a way of observing boats at hitherto unprecedented speeds at the front of his wave of translation, he tackled the more fundamental issue for boat design of finding the hull shape which gives the least resistance.
This, he reasoned was concerned with moving the mass of water efficiently out of the way of the hull and then back to fill the gap after it has passed.
Initially he thought that the stern could be a mirror of the stem, but soon realised that the removing water produced something closer to conventional waves than his solitary waves and ended up with a rounded stern with a catenary shape.
Much of Russell's early experimental work had been conducted under the auspices of the British Association and throughout his life he contributed to the scientific and professional associations that were becoming more important in that era.
Russell had contributed an article on the Steam engine and steam navigation for the 7th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica in 1841 which also appeared in book form.
The next year he also became the secretary of the committee set up by the Royal Society of Arts to organise a national exhibition, which provided them with a town house in the Strand.
Russell soon introduced Henry Cole to the committee and when, a few weeks before the first exhibition in 1847, there were no exhibitors, Russell and Cole spent three whole days travelling around London to enlist manufacturers and shopkeepers.
By this time Russell had once again started shipbuilding, the railway boom having finished, and although he became the RSA's appointed secretary for the Great Exhibition, Henry Cole was by this time taking the lead, and he ended up with only a Gold Medal as his reward for much work.
He became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1847 attending regularly and making frequent contributions, was elected to its council in 1857 and became a vice-president in 1862.
In 1860 at a meeting at his house in Sydenham, the Institution of Naval Architects was set up, with Russell as one of the professional vice-presidents.
From around 1838, Scott Russell was employed at the small Greenock shipyard of Thomson and Spiers where he introduced his wave-line system to a series of Royal Mail ships, together with many other innovations.
After the shipyard was taken over by Caird, he decided to move to London and in 1848 purchased the Millwall Iron Works shipbuilding company.
Problems with refuelling and water led Brunel to think in terms of larger ships for this voyage, but five more were built in the same class.
The project was plagued with a number of problems—Scott Russell put in a bid which was far too low with the result that he was bankrupt halfway through, though he recovered to finish the job; but it was Brunel that insisted on a sideways launch rather than the dry dock that Russell preferred.
Scott Russell was a better scientist than a businessman and his reputation never fully recovered from his financial irregularities and disputes.
He afterwards complained about the secrecy that prevented an open discussion of the issues, criticizing those within the Navy who argued that iron ships could not be protected.
In 1868 he designed a train ferry for Lake Constance which had the unusual requirement that its draft was limited to six feet (1.85m).
He used this as the basis of a cross-channel ferry that could manage the shallow harbour of Dover, but this was not realised until 1933.
Although his design for the Great Exhibition was trumped by that of Joseph Paxton, Scott Russell did design the Rotunde for the 1873 Vienna Exposition.
At in diameter it was for nearly a century the largest cupola in the world, having no ties to obstruct the view.
In 1995, the aqueduct which carries the Union Canal – the same canal where he observed his Wave of Translation – over the Edinburgh Bypass (A720) was named the Scott Russell Aqueduct in his memory.
Also in 1995, the hydrodynamic soliton effect was reproduced near the place where John Scott Russell observed hydrodynamic solitons in 1834.
His 1844 paper has become a classical paper and is quite frequently cited in soliton-related papers or books even after more than one hundred and fifty years.
The modern history of both the Smooth and Rough Collie began in the reign of Queen Victoria, who became interested in the shepherds' dogs while at Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
Thus began the breed's transformation from working farm dog, similar to the modern Border collie, to the dog bred as a pet and for the sport of conformation showing that we know today.
The latter is a fairly recent development, however, with the Kennel Club (UK) allowing the interbreeding of the two varieties until 1993.
The Smooth Collie is a medium-large dog, ranging in size from for females and for males at the shoulder; weights vary from for females up to for males.
Standard size for the breed is in the United States and Canada for females and for males at the shoulder; for example, for the AKC, the range is and .
The breed has a long muzzle, flat skull, and semi-erect ears (although, in practice, the ears typically must be folded over and taped in puppyhood, or they will usually be fully upright in the adult dog).
The guard hairs are one to two inches long, with the longer hair mainly in a ruff around the neck and on the backs of the thighs.
Smooth Collies come in four colours: sable (Lassie's colour; can be light gold to deep mahogany); tricolour (black, with tan and white markings); and blue merle (silvery gray marbled with black, and tan markings), all marked with white areas on the chest, neck, feet/legs, and tail tip.
An additional colour is white (these Collies are predominantly white, with heads and usually a body spot of sable, tri, or blue colour).
The fourth colour is sable merle, which is a light stippled version of sable, sometimes (as with blue merle) accompanied by blue or merled (parti-coloured) eyes.
Blue eyes or merled eyes in a non-blue merle collie are not disqualifications in the AKC standard although they are heavily penalised.
Although not an aggressive breed, they are alert and vocal, making them both good watchdogs if well trained and potential nuisances if allowed to bark indiscriminately.
Smooth Collies can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, search and rescue (SAR), assistance dog and herding events.
Every year it features roughly 3,000 artists from 30-odd countries, more than 650 concerts (including 450 free outdoor performances), and welcomes over 2 million visitors (12.5% of whom are tourists) as well as 300 accredited journalists.
A major part of the city's downtown core is closed to traffic for ten days, as free outdoor shows are open to the public and held on many stages at the same time, from noon until midnight.
Shows are held in a wide variety of venues, from relatively small jazz clubs to the large concert halls of Place des Arts.
There were also other previous jazz festivals in Montreal, including the 3-day Jazz de Chez Nous festival in 1979, created by Montreal bassist Charles Biddle.
The Montreal Jazz Festival (later: Montreal International Jazz Festival) was conceived by Alain Simard, who had spent much of the 1970s working with Productions Kosmos bringing artists such as Chuck Berry, Dave Brubeck, Chick Corea, Bo Diddley, John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, and others to Montreal to perform.
Unable to secure sufficient funding, their plans were scuttled, but they still were able to produce two nights of shows at Théâtre-St-Denis featuring Keith Jarrett and Pat Metheny.
With Gary Burton, Ray Charles, Chick Corea, and Vic Vogel on the bill, and an attendance of 12,000, the event was deemed a success and has continued to grow since then.
In 1999, a group of Montreal jazz musicians disenchanted with the Montreal International Jazz Festival's lack of support for and showcasing of Montreal jazz musicians created an alternative festival called L'OFF Festival de Jazz de Montreal.
Guru Gobind Singh ()(22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Rai, was the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher.
When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, (a Hindu at that time) was beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam, Guru Gobind Rai (became Guru Gobind Singh, only after 1699) was formally installed as the leader of the of the gurus followers at age nine, becoming the tenth Sikh Guru.
He was born in Patnaon 22 December 1666, Bihar in the Sodhi Khatri family while his father was visiting Bengal and Assam.
His birth name was Gobind Rai and he belonged to Hindu religion (he would found the Sikh religion later in 1699), and a shrine named Takht Sri Patna Harimandar Sahib marks the site of the house where he was born and spent the first four years of his life.
In 1670, his family returned to Punjab, and in March 1672 they moved to Chakk Nanaki in the Himalayan foothills of north India, called the Sivalik range, where he was schooled.
His father Guru Tegh Bahadur was petitioned by Kashmiri Pandits in 1675 for protection from the fanatic persecution by Iftikar Khan, the Mughal governor of Kashmir under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Tegh Bahadur considered a peaceful resolution by meeting Aurangzeb, but was cautioned by his advisors that his life may be at risk.
The young Gobind Rai – to be known as Gobind Singh after he found Sikh Religion in the year 1699 – advised his father that no one was more worthy to lead and make a sacrifice than him.
His father made the attempt, but was arrested then publicly beheaded in Delhi on 11 November 1675 under the orders of Aurangzeb for refusing to convert to Islam and the ongoing conflicts between Sikhism and the Islamic Empire.
After this martyrdom, the young Gobind Rai was installed by the Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru on Vaisakhi on 29 March 1676.
The education of Guru Gobind Singh continued after he became the 10th Guru, both in reading and writing as well as martial arts such as horse riding and archery.
In 1684, he wrote the Chandi di Var in Punjabi language – a legendary war between the good and the evil, where the good stands up against injustice and tyranny, as described in the ancient Sanskrit text Markandeya Purana.
He institutionalized the Khalsa (literally, Pure Ones), who played the key role in protecting the Sikhs long after his death, such as during the nine invasions of Panjab and holy war led by Ahmad Shah Abdali from Afghanistan between 1747 and 1769.
He asked for another volunteer, and repeated the same process of returning from the tent without anyone and with a bloodied sword four more times.
Tobacco, eating 'halal' meat (a way of slaughtering in which the animal's throat is slit open and it is left to bleed before being slaughtered), fornication and adultery were forbidden.
The co-initiation of men and women from different castes into the ranks of Khalsa also institutionalized the principle of equality in Sikhism regardless of one's caste or gender.
Not shaving the head also meant not having to pay the taxes by Sikhs who lived in Delhi and other parts of the Mughal Empire.
However, the new code of conduct also led to internal disagreements between Sikhs in the 18th century, particularly between the Nanakpanthi and the Khalsa.
These developments created two groups of Sikhs, those who initiated as Khalsa, and others who remained Sikhs but did not undertake the initiation.
His tradition has survived into the modern times, with initiated Sikh referred to as Khalsa Sikh, while those who do not get baptized referred to as Sahajdhari Sikhs.
The final version did not accept the extraneous hymns in other versions, and included the compositions of his father Guru Tegh Bahadur.
It is a controversial religious text considered to be the second scripture by some Sikhs, and of disputed authority to other Sikhs.
Parts of its compositions such as the Jaap Sahib, Tav-Prasad Savaiye and Benti Chaupai are the daily prayers (Nitnem) and sacred liturgical verses used in the initiation of Khalsa Sikhs.
The period following the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur – the father of Guru Gobind Singh, was a period where the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb was an increasingly hostile enemy of the Sikh people.
To Guru Gobind Singh, one must be prepared to die to stop tyranny, end persecution and to defend one's own religious values.
In 1693, Aurangzeb was fighting the Hindu Marathas in the Deccan region of India, and he issued orders that Guru Gobind Singh and Sikhs should be prevented from gathering in Anandpur in large numbers.
His youngest sons, aged 5 and 8, were tortured and then executed by burying them alive into a wall after they refused to convert to Islam, and Mata Gujri collapsed on hearing her grandsons' death.
The Muslim historians of the Mughal court wrote about Guru Gobind Singh as well as the geopolitics of the times he lived in, and these official Persian accounts were the readily available and the basis of colonial era English-language description of Sikh history.
According to Dhavan, the Persian texts that were composed by Mughal court historians during the lifetime of Guru Gobind Singh were hostile to him, but presented the Mughal perspective.
They believed that the religious Guru tradition of Sikhs had been corrupted by him, through the creation of a military order willing to resist the Imperial army.
After the Second Battle of Anandpur in 1704, the Guru and his remaining soldiers moved and stayed in different spots including hidden in places such as the Machhiwara jungle of southern Panjab.
Some of the various spots in north, west and central India that the Guru lived after 1705, include Hehar with Kirpal Das (maternal uncle), Manuke, Mehdiana, Chakkar, Takhtupura and Madhe and Dina (Malwa (Punjab) region).
He stayed with relatives or trusted Sikhs such as the three grandsons of Rai Jodh, a devotee of Guru Har Gobind.
Guru Gobind Singh saw the war conduct of Aurangzeb and his army against his family and his people as a betrayal of a promise, unethical, unjust and impious.
He indicted the Mughal Emperor and his commanders in spiritual terms, accused them of a lack of morality both in governance and in the conduct of war.
The official successor was Bahadur Shah, who invited Guru Gobind Singh with his army to meet him in person in the Deccan region of India, for a reconciliation but Bahadur Shah then delayed any discussions for months.
Wazir Khan, a Muslim army commander and the Nawab of Sarhandh, against whose army the Guru had fought several wars, commissioned two Afghans, Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg, to follow the Guru's army as it moved for the meeting with Bahadur Shah, and then assassinate the Guru.
The two secretly pursued the Guru whose troops were in the Deccan area of India, and entered the camp when the Sikhs had been stationed near river Godavari for months.
Some scholars state that the assassin who killed Guru Gobind Singh may not have been sent by Wazir Khan, but was instead sent by the Mughal army that was staying nearby.
The Guru fought back and killed the assassin, while the assassin's companion was killed by the Sikh guards as he tried to escape.
The Guru died of his wounds a few days later on 7 October 1708 His death fuelled a long and bitter war of the Sikhs with the Mughals.
The Battle of Tel Hai on 1 March 1920, which gave Tel Hai its fame, was significant, from a Jewish perspective, far beyond the small number of civil combatants on either side – mainly due to its influence on Israeli culture, both inspiring an enduring heroic story and profoundly influencing the military of the Yishuv and political strategies over several decades.
In retrospect, it can be regarded as the first military engagement between the Zionists and the Arabs, though at the time neither combatants on either side regarded it in such terms.
In 1919, the British relinquished the northern section of Upper Galilee containing Tel Hai, Metulla, Hamrah, and Kfar Giladi to French jurisdiction.
The Zionist movement was greatly displeased with this, since it would have left the sources of the Jordan River outside the borders of British Mandatory Palestine, where the Zionist state they envisaged was to be established.
Still, there was a fierce debate among factions and leaders of the Yishuv, some of whom advocated letting Tel Hai and the other outposts hang on at all costs, while others regarded their situation as untenable and advocated withdrawing from them.
Arabs in this area at the time were not primarily involved in activities against the early Jewish militias, but rather in strongly opposing the imposition of the French Mandate of Syria, which they regarded as betrayal of the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence made during the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule.
The Zionist militias in Tel Hai, headed by the Russian-born Jewish commander Joseph Trumpeldor wanted the area to be restored to British control which they hoped would eventually lead to its becoming part of a future Jewish state.
However, as newcomers to the area recently arrived from Europe, they were suspected of being pro-French, which ultimately led to armed clashes.
In one notable exchange, on March 1, 1920, Shiite Arabs from Jabal Amil in southern Lebanon sought to search Tel Hai, however the Jews called for reinforcements from the kibbutz Kfar Giladi.
At the end of a verbal dispute, an armed confrontation did break out, in which six of the Tel Hai Jews were killed and the remaining Jews retreated, whereupon the place was burned.
The British and the French, at the behest of the Zionists, ultimately agreed this area of Upper Galilee was to be included in Mandatory Palestine.
It was thus possible for Tel Hai to be resettled in 1921, though it did not become a viable independent community and in 1926 it was absorbed into the kibbutz of Kfar Giladi.
A Jewish national monument in Upper Galilee, Israel commemorates the deaths of eight Jews (six men and two women), among them the Russian-born Jewish commander Joseph Trumpeldor, who fell in the above-detailed engagement on 1 March 1920.
Hyperpolarization is often caused by efflux of K (a cation) through K channels, or influx of Cl (an anion) through Cl channels.
If a cell has Na or Ca currents at rest, then inhibition of those currents will also result in a hyperpolarization.
While hyperpolarized, the neuron is in a refractory period that lasts roughly 2 milliseconds, during which the neuron is unable to generate subsequent action potentials.
Sodium-potassium ATPases redistribute K and Na ions until the membrane potential is back to its resting potential of around –70 millivolts, at which point the neuron is once again ready to transmit another action potential.
These channels work by selecting an ion based on electrostatic attraction or repulsion allowing the ion to bind to the channel.
Sometimes the channel closes but is able to be reopened right away, known as channel gating, or it can be closed without being able to be reopened right away, known as channel inactivation.
At resting potential, both the voltage gated sodium and potassium channels are closed but as the cell membrane becomes depolarized the voltage gated sodium channels begin to open up and the neuron begins to depolarize, creating a current feedback loop known as the Hodgkin cycle.
However, potassium ions naturally move out of the cell and if the original depolarization event was not significant enough then the neuron does not generate an action potential.
If all the sodium channels are open, however, then the neuron becomes ten times more permeable to sodium than potassium, quickly depolarizing the cell to a peak of +40 mV.
After hyperpolarization the potassium channels close and the natural permeability of the neuron to sodium and potassium allows the neuron to return to its resting potential of –70 mV.
During the refractory period, which is after hyper-polarization but before the neuron has returned to its resting potential the neuron is capable of triggering an action potential due to the sodium channels ability to be opened, however, because the neuron is more negative it becomes more difficult to reach the action potential threshold.
There is a small patch that contains a few ion channels and the rest is sealed off, making this the point of entry for the current.
Using an amplifier and a voltage clamp, which is an electronic feedback circuit, allows the experimenter to maintain the membrane potential at a fixed point and the voltage clamp then measures tiny changes in current flow.
Serra studied English literature at the University of California, Berkeley in 1957 before transferring to the University of California, Santa Barbara, graduating with a B.A.
Serra helped support himself by working in steel mills, labor which was to have a strong influence on his later work.
Fellow Yale Art and Architecture alumni of the 1960s include the painters, photographers, and sculptors Brice Marden, Chuck Close, Nancy Graves, and Robert Mangold.
He claims to have taken most of his inspiration from the artists who taught there, including Philip Guston and the experimental composer Morton Feldman, as well as painter Josef Albers.
In New York, his circle of friends has included Carl Andre, Walter De Maria, Eva Hesse, Sol LeWitt, and Robert Smithson.
At one point, to fund his art, Serra started a furniture-removals business, Low-Rate Movers, and employed Chuck Close, Philip Glass, Spalding Gray, and others.
Serra's earliest work was abstract and process-based made from molten lead hurled in large splashes against the wall of a studio or exhibition space.
Serra began in 1969 to be primarily concerned with the cutting, propping or stacking of lead sheets, rough timber, etc., to create structures, some very large, supported only by their own weight.
His site-specific works challenge viewers' perception of their bodies in relation to interior spaces and landscapes, and his work often encourages movement in and around his sculptures.
Made of huge steel plates bent into circular sculptures with open tops, they rotate upward as they lean in or out.
Serra usually begins a sculpture by making a small maquette (or model) from flat plates at an inch-to-foot ratio: a 40-foot piece will start as a 40-inch model.
Its placement and structure allows viewers to walk around and through the piece, hopefully presenting ideas of confrontation, separation, and union.
There was controversy over the installation from day one, largely from workers in the buildings surrounding the plaza who complained that the steel wall obstructed passage through the plaza.
A public hearing in 1985 voted that the work should be moved, but Serra argued the sculpture was site specific and could not be placed anywhere else.
Serra continues to produce large-scale steel structures for sites throughout the world, and has become particularly renowned for his monumental arcs, spirals, and ellipses, which engage the viewer in an altered experience of space.
The whole work consists of eight sculptures measuring between 12 and 14 feet in height and weighing from 44 to 276 tons.
Serra was the second artist, after Anselm Kiefer, to be invited to fill the 13,500 m² nave of the Grand Palais with works created specially for the event.
In the past Serra has dedicated work to Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, Marilyn Monroe, Buster Keaton, the German filmmaker Rainer Werner Fassbinder and the art critic David Sylvester.
In the late 1980s, he explored how to further articulate the tension of weight and gravity by placing pairs of overlapping sheets of paper saturated with paintstick in horizontal and vertical compositions, using a mesh screen as an intermediary between the gesture and the transfer of pigment to the paper.
He had his first solo exhibitions at the Galleria La Salita, Rome, 1966, and in the United States at the Leo Castelli Warehouse, New York.
Serra has since participated in Documentas 5 (1972), 6 (1977), 7 (1982), and 8 (1987), in Kassel, the Venice Biennales of 1984 and 2001, and the Whitney Museum of American Art's Annual and Biennial exhibitions of 1968, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1979, 1981, and 1995.
Serra was honored with further solo exhibitions at the Kunsthalle Tübingen, Germany, in 1978; the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris, in 1984; the Museum Haus Lange, Krefeld, Germany, in 1985; and the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1986.
The retrospective consisted of 27 of Serra's works, including three large new sculptures made specifically for the second floor of the museum, two works in the garden, and earlier pieces from the 1960s through the 1980s.
Major presentations of Serra's graphic oeuvre include exhibitions at the Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht, in 1990; at Serpentine Gallery, London, in 1992; and at Kunsthaus Bregenz, Bregenz, in 2008.
Also in 2008, he was invited to take over the Grand Palais in Paris for the bi-annual Monumenta series, with a work consisting of towering steel cenotaphs.
In 2011, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and the Menil Collection hosted a retrospective exhibit focusing on Serra's drawings, tracing the development of his drawing as an art form independent from yet linked to his sculptural practice.
Serra's work can be found in many international public and private collections, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
In 2006, Colby College acquired 150 prints by Serra, making it the second largest collection of Serra's work outside of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
He was awarded the Goslarer Kaiserring in 1981, and in 1991, he won the Wilhem Lehmbruck Prize for Sculpture in Duisburg.
He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the Akademie der Künste (Germany), as well as having been named member of the Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (2002) in Germany and Commandeur de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2008) in France.
Serra has been awarded the Presidentʼs Medal from the Architectural League of New York in 2014, the first time the prize has been given to an artist.
In 2015, he was awarded France's premier award, the Insignes de Chevalier de l'Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur at a ceremony in New York.
Serra was awarded honorary degrees of Doctor of Fine Arts by Williams College in 2008; the California College of Arts and Crafts, the Nova Scotia College of Arts and Design, Yale University, and Universidad Pública de Navarra (2009); and by Harvard University in 2010.
By 1969 Serra was regularly showing his works at the Leo Castelli Gallery and receiving a regular gallery stipend of $500 a month.
Since the late 1970s, they have spent part of the year in an 18th-century farmhouse on a hill above the Northumberland Strait in Inverness County, Nova Scotia, and on the North Fork, Long Island.
Giovanni Battista Viotti (12 May 1755 – 3 March 1824) was an Italian violinist whose virtuosity was famed and whose work as a composer featured a prominent violin and an appealing lyrical tunefulness.
For his musical talent, he was taken into the household of principe Alfonso dal Pozzo della Cisterna in Turin, where he received a musical education that prepared him to be a pupil of Gaetano Pugnani.
He served at the Savoia court in Turin, 1773–80, then toured as a soloist, at first with Pugnani, before going to Paris alone, where he made his début at the Concert Spirituel, 17 March 1782.
He was an instant sensation and served for a time at Versailles before founding a new opera house, the Théâtre de Monsieur in 1788, under the patronage of the Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, the king's brother, whose court title was Monsieur.
When the French Revolution took a radical turn and, though his opera house was renamed the Théâtre Feydeau, former royal connections became a dangerous liability, so he moved in 1792 to London, making his début at Johann Peter Salomon's Hanover Square Concert, 7 February 1793.
In London he went from success to success, as a featured violinist for Salomon's concert series, 1793–1794; as musical director of the new Opera Concerts in 1795; as a star in the benefit concerts for Haydn, 1794 and 1795; as acting manager of Italian opera at the King's Theatre, 1794–1795; and as leader and director of the orchestra, 1797.
Period papers hint at an intrigue in the favour of Viotti's rival, Wilhelm Cramer, who had led the Opera House orchestra before Viotti took over.
Pierre Rode, Viotti's favorite pupil, was expelled from England, too, and maybe left the country some days previous to Viotti who awaited the outcome of his case, after several gentlemen and even Princess Elizabeth spoke in his favour.
After that, according to two papers issued in February, 1800, he seems to have lived incognito on the estate of his English friends, William and Margaret Chinnery, at Gillwell House, where he lived officially from 1801; according to another paper he was still in Schenefeld in April, 1800.
In July 1811, he became a naturalized British citizen, after his friend, the Duke of Cambridge, a younger brother of the Prince of Wales, had interceded on his behalf.
After his wine business failed, he returned to Paris to work as director of the Académie Royale de Musique, from 1819 to 1821.
The teacher of both Pierre Rode and Pierre Baillot and an important influence on Rodolphe Kreutzer, all of whom became notable teachers themselves, he is considered the founding father of the 19th-century French violin school.
Funding was provided by HM Government in lieu of Inheritance Tax, and by the National Art Collections Fund, the National Heritage Memorial Fund and many private donors.
The other concertos are of similar quality but almost never heard; however in 2005 violinist Franco Mezzena released an integral set on the Dynamic label.
Joseph-Armand Bombardier (; April 16, 1907 – February 18, 1964) was a Canadian inventor and businessman who was the founder of Bombardier.
He acquired experience by reading, taking notes and repairing what he found until he opened his own garage at age 19, where he would repair cars and sell gasoline in the summertime.
At that time, the Quebec government did not clear snow from secondary roads, so residents of these areas stored their cars for the winter season.
The idea to build a winter vehicle came to Bombardier after a blizzard in which his young son fell ill of peritonitis and died because he could not be brought to the nearest hospital.
The first B7 (B for Bombardier and 7 for 7 passengers) snowmobiles were sold during the winter of 1936–37 and were well received.
Bombardier went on to build smaller snowmobiles during the 1950s and developed a new market for recreational products for one or two people.
Bombardier died in 1964 of cancer but the snowmobile idea was a success and more than 8200 units were sold annually.
The man on the Clapham omnibus is a hypothetical ordinary and reasonable person, used by the courts in English law where it is necessary to decide whether a party has acted as a reasonable person would – for example, in a civil action for negligence.
The man on the Clapham omnibus is a reasonably educated, intelligent but nondescript person, against whom the defendant's conduct can be measured.
It is also used in other Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, sometimes with suitable modifications to the phrase as an aid to local comprehension.
He attributed it to Lord Bowen, said to have coined it as junior counsel defending the Tichborne Claimant case in 1871.
The list includes composers who have made a significant impact on the world of classical music since 2001, whether through major festivals and promoters of contemporary music, or on widely distributed labels.
The 21st century is defined by the calendar rather than by any unifying characteristics of musical style or attitude, and is therefore not an era of the same order as the classical or romantic.
However, the century to date can be considered a continuation of the postmodern era that began during the 20th century and differs from the earlier modernist era in matters of attitude more than style.
The university offers more than 500 academic programs at two main campuses, LIU Post and LIU Brooklyn, as well as non-residential programs at LIU Brentwood, LIU Riverhead, and LIU Hudson at Rockland and Westchester.
The main building adjoins the 1920s movie house, Paramount Theatre (now called the Schwartz Gymnasium), the building retains much of the original decorative detail and a fully operational Wurlitzer organ that rises from beneath the basketball court floorboards.
The campus consists of nine academic buildings; a recreation and athletic complex that includes Division I regulation athletic fields; one on-campus and two nearby residential buildings; and an adjoining parking facility.
The campus is home to the university's oldest school, LIU Pharmacy (Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences), founded in 1891 as the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, and LIU Global, a four-year bachelor's degree program that allows students to live and study internationally in eight countries across eight semesters.
LIU Brooklyn is home to the NCAA Division I Blackbirds, the George Polk Awards for excellence in journalism, and Kumble Theater for the Performing Arts.
In 1951, in response to the growing number of families moving to the suburbs, LIU purchased an estate known as Hillwood from cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post and her third husband Joseph E. Davies.
Located in the town of Brookville on Long Island's Gold Coast, the original home, Warburton Hall, had been built by William A.
Post is now LIU Post, the university's largest campus, at 307 acres of historic 1920s mansions, gardens, athletic fields, art studios and performing arts space, broadcast television and radio stations, an on-campus sustainable energy facility, and the only on-campus equestrian facility on Long Island.
LIU Post was home to the NCAA Division II LIU Post Pioneers and is the site of the Tilles Center for the Performing Arts.
On March 7, 2013, LIU named Kimberly R. Cline as its 10th president, becoming the first woman to lead the private, six-campus institution.
President Kimberly R. Cline outsourced the work of two groups of previously unionized workers on campus, and oversaw the lockout of 400 faculty on the day before the 2016-17 school year.
On September 1, 2016, three days after the union's contract expired and five days before the union was due to vote on the new contract, the university cut off the affected staff's email accounts and health insurance, and told them they would be replaced.
This is the first time that a college or university in the United States has used a lockout against its faculty members, according to William A. Herbert, executive director of the National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions.
In the first week of the autumn term, some students at LIU Brooklyn staged a walkout in support of the locked-out teaching staff.
With the 236 full-time faculty members and 450 adjuncts locked out, classes were taught by university administrators and temporary staff, and students reported inadequate instruction.
The lockout ended on September 14 with an agreement to continue the expired contract until May 31, 2017 and resume negotiations with a mediator.
offers graduate and advanced certificate programs in business, public administration, pharmaceutics, education (early childhood, childhood, literacy, special education, and TESOL), educational leadership, school counseling, school psychology, mental health counseling, and marriage and family therapy.
On October 3, 2018, Long Island University announced that it was unifying the athletic programs of its two campuses into one Division I program, effective with the 2019-20 academic year.
Shortly before the athletic merger was announced, LIU Brooklyn announced that it would add women's ice hockey; that sport will carry over to the unified program.
Shortly after the merger announcement, LIU announced it would add women's water polo, placing that sport in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
The Rutherford Institute is a non-profit organization based in Charlottesville, Virginia, US dedicated to the defense of civil liberties and human rights.
In addition to its offer of legal services, the organization offers free educational materials for those interested in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights.
The Rutherford Institute also publishes a weekly commentary by Whitehead which is published in hundreds of newspapers and web publications, including The Huffington Post and LewRockwell.com.
While once primarily concerned with the defense of religious liberties, the organization later expanded its mission to encompass other constitutional issues such as search and seizure, free speech, and zero tolerance policy.
Some of the Institute's legal actions were widely reported, including helping Paula Jones pursue a sexual harassment lawsuit in 1997 against President Bill Clinton, and its defense of middle and high school students suspended and expelled under inflexible zero tolerance policies, and the free speech rights of preachers and political protestors.
The Rutherford Institute has worked with a number of similar groups across the political spectrum, including the ACLU and the Cato Institute.
When the Rutherford Institute was founded, conservative Protestants in the United States were reconsidering their role in American political and legal life, perceiving that the federal government was intent on encroaching on Americans' religious liberties.
Organizations such as the Rutherford Institute pursued matters of religious liberties in the courts, and the Rutherford Institute became the model for groups such as the National Legal Foundation, the Liberty Counsel, and the American Center for Law and Justice.
Since its founding, the Rutherford Institute has expanded its aims from defending the religious liberties of Christians to include defending the religious liberties of all Americans, as well as working to preserve rights such as free speech and the right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure.
In 2004 the group filed a lawsuit against Muskogee Public Schools in Oklahoma on behalf of Nashala Hearn, an 11-year-old Muslim student who was suspended for wearing a religious headscarf to school.
In 2007 they filed a lawsuit against Freehold Township, New Jersey on behalf of an orthodox rabbi, Avraham Bernstein, alleging that the town was persecuting Bernstein for holding prayer meetings in his home on the Sabbath.
After George was refused a building permit when the local Board of Supervisors voted to deny the project on health, safety and welfare grounds, attorneys acting on behalf of the Rutherford Institute pursued a legal action to acquire the permit, alleging religious discrimination; eventually the building permit was granted.
The Rutherford Institute was also involved with the ACLU in defending the 2017 Unite the Right rally effort to hold a rally on August 11th and 12th in Charlottesville's Emancipation Park.
In 2008 the Rutherford Institute joined a coalition of civil libertarians and activists who called upon President George W. Bush to release a number of Muslim Uighurs who were being detained indefinitely in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
In 2010 the group took on a number of cases regarding the Transportation Security Administration's controversial security procedures at American airports.
The organization filed a lawsuit in November 2010 against Janet Napolitano, the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security and John Pistole, the head of the Transportation Security Administration, on behalf of airline pilots Michael Roberts and Ann Poe.
In 2010 Whitehead sent a letter to Ken Cuccinelli, the Attorney General of Virginia, decrying his legal opinion that school officials could seize and search student cellphones and laptop computers upon suspicion that a student had broken school rules or the law.
In 2011 the group filed a friend of the court brief in the case U.S. v. Jones, imploring the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court to rule that the placement of a GPS tracking device on the defendant's car without first obtaining a warrant constituted an illegal search.
In January 2012 the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that police must obtain a warrant before placing a physical GPS tracking unit on a suspect's car.
The six self-governing Australian colonies that formed the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901 operated their own postal service and issued their own stamps – see articles on the systems on New South Wales (first stamps issued 1850), Victoria (1850), Tasmania (1853), Western Australia (1854), South Australia (1855) and Queensland (1860).
The Commonwealth created the Postmaster-General's Department on 1 March 1901, which took over all the colonial mail systems and the then-current colony stamps.
Some of these stamps continued to be used for some time following the introduction in 1913 of the Commonwealth's uniform postage stamp series.
These stamps continued to be valid for postage until 14 February 1966 when the introduction of decimal currency made all stamps bearing the earlier currency invalid for use.
The first of these, the design of which was based on the current New South Wales postage due stamps, was issued in July 1902.
Postal rates became uniform between the new states on 1 May 1911 because of the extension of the United Kingdom domestic postal rate of 1d per half ounce (Imperial Penny Post) to Australia as a member of the British Empire.
For most, Australian philately proper begins on 2 January 1913, 12 years after federation, with the issue of a red 1d (one penny) Kangaroo and Map, the design of which was adopted in part from the entry that won the Stamp Design Competition.
Although the delay between federation and the first stamps had several causes, one of the major reasons was political wrangling regarding the design.
The government decided on having only one design, and Charlie Frazer, then postmaster-general, inspired the basic outline of the new design.
The Kangaroo and Map design was ordered by the Fisher Labor Government, which had in its ranks a number of pro-republicans who strenuously opposed the incorporation of the monarch's profile on Australian stamps.
One of the first acts of the Cook Liberal Government, sworn in on 14 June 1913, was to order a series of postage stamps with the profile of George V. On 8 December 1913 the first of these, an engraved 1d carmine-red, appeared.
The Postmaster-General's Department then went on to keep both basic designs on issue – 38 years for the Kangaroo and Map design, and 23 years for the George V (upon his death).
With the accession of George VI in 1936 until the early 1970s, Australian definitives featured the monarch, Australian fauna and Australian flora.
However, particularly in the late 1950s, the depiction of the monarch - now Elizabeth II - on Australian definitives became confined to the base domestic letter rate and the preceding minor values.
With the introduction of decimal currency on 14 February 1966, 24 new definitives were issued – the monarch was featured on the minor values (1c to 3c) and on the base domestic letter rate (4c) and the remainder featured Australian birds, Australian marine life, and early Australian maritime explorers.
A feature of this issue was that where there was a direct conversion of value, the design was changed to reflect the new decimal currency value – for example, the 2/6d (two shilling and sixpence) Scarlet Robin definitive (issued 21 April 1965) become the new 25c decimal currency value; likewise the £2 (two pounds) Phillip Parker King definitive (issued 26 August 1964) became the new $4 decimal currency value.
Since then, the designs of all Australian definitive values have focused on fauna, flora, reptiles, butterflies, marine life, gemstones, paintings, handicrafts, visual arts, community and the like.
Australia's first commemorative stamp was issued on 9 May 1927 to mark the opening of the first Parliament House in Canberra.
From 1993, in October of every year, Australia Post has commemorated Stamp Collecting month with special issues, typically featuring topics that are of interest to children such as pets, native fauna and space.
Commencing with the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, during the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, stamps featuring Australians who have won an Olympic gold medal are issued on the next postal business day after the achievement.
Prior to 1997, the only living persons to appear on stamps were the reigning monarch and other members of the British Royal Family.
Australia Post has also used tabs to commemorate themes and individuals not considered significant enough for a stamp issue of their own.
Domestic stamps can be used for overseas postage but contribute less than face value towards the postage (the user must deduct the tax component).
The exception to OS stamps being restricted for the use of government agencies was the 4 November 1931 6d airmail stamp.
The OS overprinted stamp was sold over post office counters to prevent speculation and was valid for all types of mail.
Australia has had joint stamp issues with New Zealand (1958, 1963 and 1988), the United Kingdom (1963, 1988 and 2005), some of its external territories (1965), the United States of America (1988), the U.S.S.R. (1990), People’s Republic of China (1995), Germany (1996), Indonesia (1996), Singapore (1998), Greece (2000), Hong Kong (2001), Sweden (2001), France (2002) and Thailand (2002).
Norfolk Island used stamps of Australia between 1913 and 1947, attained postal independence and issued its own stamps on 10 June 1947.
The Territory of Papua, officially a British colony but administered by Australia, issued its own stamps from 1901. before this, it had used Queensland stamps.
Transferred from Singapore to Australia by the United Kingdom in the 1950s, Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands were progressively and separately integrated into the Australian postal system and losing their postal and philatelic independence in the 1990s.
While Christmas Island had postal independence and issued its own stamps since 1958, the Cocos Islands used stamps of Australia from 1952 until its postal independence in 1979.
At the end of World War II, in 1945, stamps of Australia were used in mandate of New Guinea and in Papua until 1 March 1953.
The Liberal Party is a British political party that was founded in 1989 as a continuation of the original Liberal Party (founded in 1859) by former members who opposed its merger with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) to form the Liberal Democrats.
The original Liberal Party entered into an alliance with the Social Democratic Party in 1981 and merged with it in 1988–1989 to form the Liberal Democrats.
The Liberal Party, founded in 1859, was descended from the Whigs, Radicals and Peelites, while the SDP was a party created in 1981 by former Labour members, MPs and cabinet ministers, but which also gained defections from Conservatives.
A small minority of the Liberal Party, notably including the former Member of Parliament (MP) Michael Meadowcroft (the last elected president of the Liberal Party), unhappy with what they saw as authoritarian and economic interventionist policies that veered away from traditional Liberal policies, resolved to continue with the Liberal Party.
The continuing Liberal Party included several councillors and council groups from the pre-1988 party which had never joined the merged party and continued as Liberals (hence the disputed foundation date), but no MPs.
However as a result of a number of community-based politicians, defections and recruitment the party has an increased number of town and parish councillors together with representation on a number of political lobby groups and organisations who hold their own elections such as drainage boards.
The party put up a full slate of candidates in the North West England region for the 2004 European Parliament election, coming seventh with 4.6% of the vote (0.6% of the total British popular vote).
In the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum campaign the party left members and candidates to decide their own views on this but both National Executive and many party members supported Leave.
In the 2011 local council elections, eight Liberal councillors held their seats, three lost their seats and five new Liberal councillors were elected: a net gain of two.
Although the Liberal Party has retained many of its seats, it has not had a significant impact outside its strongholds of Ryedale and Liverpool.
At the 2001 UK general election the party's best local result was coming second behind Labour in Liverpool West Derby, pushing the Liberal Democrats into third place.
However, they were unable to repeat this at the 2005 general election, finishing third behind the Liberal Democrats in the constituency, but still beating the Conservatives; they repeated this position at the 2010 general election.
In the 2015 general election they came fourth narrowly holding their deposit, ahead of the Liberal Democrats who came last and the Green Party but behind UK Independence Party and the Conservative Party.
In the 2015 General Election the Liberal Party in Cornwall decided to not contest any seats and urged its supporters to vote for the United Kingdom Independence Party.
In 2015, the party had 14 councillors on parish, town and community councils in North Yorkshire, Devon, Cornwall, Wiltshire, Essex and Wales.
Born in Burgos, Urraca was the eldest and only surviving child of Alfonso VI of León with his second wife Constance of Burgundy; for this, she was heir presumptive of the Kingdoms of Castile and León until 1107, when her father recognized his illegitimate son Sancho as his heir.
Urraca’s place in the line of succession made her the focus of dynastic politics, and she became a child bride at age eight (1087) to Raymond of Burgundy, a mercenary adventurer.
Author Bernard F. Reilly suggests that, rather than a betrothal, the eight-year-old Urraca was fully wedded to Raymond of Burgundy, as he almost immediately appears in protocol documents as Alfonso VI's son-in-law, a distinction that would not have been made without the marriage.
Reilly doubts that the marriage was consummated until Urraca was 13, as she was placed under the protective guardianship of a trusted magnate.
Her pregnancy and stillbirth at age 14 suggest that the marriage was indeed consummated when she was 13 or 14 years old.
In addition to this stillborn child, Urraca gave birth to two more children by Raymond: a daughter, Sancha Raimúndez (born after 11 November 1095 and before 1102) and a son, Alfonso Raimúndez, who would become Alfonso VII (born 1 March 1105).
Alfonso VI reunited the nobles of the Kingdom in Toledo and announced that his widowed daughter was the chosen one to succeeded him.
Several candidates for the hand of the heiress to the thrones of León and Castile appeared immediately, including counts Gómez González and Pedro González de Lara.
Alfonso VI feared that the rivalries between Castilian and Leonese nobles would be increased if she married any of these suitors and decided that his daughter should wed Alfonso I of Aragon, known as the Battler, opening the opportunity for uniting León-Castile with Aragon.
According to Bernard F. Reilly, these magnates feared the influence the King of Aragon might attempt to wield over Urraca and over Leonese politics.
Urraca protested against the marriage but honoured her late father's wishes (and the Royal Council's advice) and continued with the marriage negotiations, though she and her father’s closest advisers were growing weary of Alfonso I's demands.
Despite the advisers' opposition, the prospect of Count Henry of Portugal filling any power vacuum led them to go ahead with the marriage which took place in early October 1109 at the Castle of Monzón de Campos, with the major of the fortress, Pedro Ansúrez, acting as godfather of the wedding.
The marriage of Urraca and Alfonso I almost immediately sparked rebellions in Galicia and scheming by her illegitimate half-sister Theresa and brother-in-law Henry, the Countess and Count of Portugal.
Also, they believed that the new marriage of Urraca could put in jeopardy the rights of the son of her first marriage, Alfonso Raimúndez.
From the start, the Galician faction was divided in two tendencies: one headed by Diego Gelmírez, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (who defended the position of Alfonso Raimúndez as Urraca's successor) and another led by Count Pedro Fróilaz de Traba, tutor of the young prince (who was inclined to the complete independence of Galicia under the rule of Alfonso).
A third group of opposition to the royal marriage was at the court and was headed by Count Gómez González, whose motivation against Urraca and Alfonso I of Aragon could have been his fear of losing power, a sensation soon confirmed when Alfonso I appointed Aragonese and Navarrese nobles for important public posts and as holders of fortresses.
From Galicia, the count of Traba began the first aggressive movement against the monarchs reclaiming the hereditary rights of Alfonso Raimúndez.
In response to the Galician rebellion, Alfonso I of Aragon marched with his army to Galicia and in 1110, reestablished the order there after defeating the local troops in Monterroso Castle.
The Galician rebellion against the royal power was only the beginning of a series of political and military conflicts which, with the complete opposite personalities of Urraca and Alfonso I and their mutual dislike, gave rise to a continuous civil war in the Hispanic kingdoms over the following years.
In addition to her objections to Alfonso's handling of rebels, the couple had a falling-out over his execution of one of the rebels who had surrendered to the queen, to whom the queen was inclined to be merciful.
Additionally, as Urraca was married to someone many in the kingdom objected to, the queen's son and heir became a rallying point for opponents to the marriage.
Estrangement between husband and wife escalated from discrete and simmering hostilities into open armed warfare between the Leonese-Castilians and the Aragonese.
An alliance between Alfonso of Aragon and Henry of Portugal culminated in the 1111 Battle of Candespina in which Urraca's lover and chief supporter Gómez González was killed.
He was soon replaced in both roles by another count, Pedro González de Lara, who took up the fight and would father at least two further children by Urraca: a daughter, Elvira Pérez de Lara (c.1112-1174), who would wed twice, first to García Pérez de Traba, lord of Trastámara and son of Pedro Fróilaz de Traba, then to count Beltrán de Risnel, and a son, Fernando Pérez Hurtado (c.1114-1156).
Though Urraca recovered Asturias, Leon, and Galicia, Alfonso occupied a significant portion of Castile (where Urraca enjoyed large support), while her half-sister Theresa and her husband Count Henry of Portugal occupied Zamora and Extremadura.
According to author Bernard F. Reilly, the measure of success for Urraca’s rule was her ability to restore and protect the integrity of her inheritance – that is, the kingdom of her father – and transmit that inheritance in full to her own heir.
Policies and events pursued by Alfonso VI – namely legitimizing her brother and thereby providing an opportunity for her illegitimate half-sister to claim a portion of the patrimony, as well as the forced marriage with Alfonso I of Aragon – contributed in large part to the challenges Urraca faced upon her succession.
Additionally, the circumstance of Urraca’s gender added a distinctive role-reversal dimension to diplomacy and politics, which Urraca used to her advantage.
Urraca's use of sex in politics should be viewed more as a strategy that provided the queen with allies but without any masters.
As queen, Urraca rose to the challenges presented to her and her solutions were pragmatic ones, according to Reilly, and laid the foundation for the reign of her son Alfonso VII, who in spite of the opposition of Urraca's lover Pedro González de Lara succeeded to the throne of a kingdom whole and at peace at Urraca’s death in 1126.
Although located in the heart of a traditionally industrial region, its main source of income is the service sector, featuring 77 healthcare installations.
Since its beginning, Diadema occupation process had one fundamental factor: its geographical location between the coast - Vila de São Vicente - and the plateau - Vila de São Paulo de Piratininga (São Paulo city early name).
It was the existence of a connecting road between São Bernardo do Campo and Santo Amaro that provided ways for the early inhabitants to arrive to the neighborhoods in the early 18th century.
Until the 1940s, Diadema was constituted by four neighborhoods belonging to São Bernardo do Campo: Piraporinha, Eldorado, Taboão e Vila Conceição.
Piraporinha near São Bernardo; Taboão, also connected to São Bernardo do Campo due to the proximity and to São Paulo through Água Funda Avenue.
Eldorado, a neighborhood that had unique characteristics, because of the Billings Reservoir, had a greater proximity to São Paulo, to the Santo Amaro region and finally Vila Conceição formed by the farms that once belonged to the Vila Conceição Company.
The main story is centered on Aaron Quicksilver (played by Christopher Lloyd), a travelling showman who tells horror stories to the people he meets.
Creative Artists Agency met with Garris about him writing the pilot script for a possible horror television series directed by John McTiernan and produced by his wife, Donna Dubrow.
Just after Brandon Tartikoff signed on as producer, Garris pitched the idea to staff at the American Broadcasting Company; the heads of the network weren't interested as they didn't want any horror material in their broadcast schedule, but a couple of the network's executives like Greer Shephard got on board.
The moment Fox began developing the project, McTiernan left the director's seat on the project, leaving Garris to have to direct the screenplay himself.
Around 90% of the hands were digitally animated with LightWave 3D and composed in the shots with the Chyron program Liberty.
The stellar atmosphere is the outer region of the volume of a star, lying above the stellar core, radiation zone and convection zone.
Observed during eclipse, the Sun's chromosphere appears (briefly) as a thin pinkish arc, and its corona is seen as a tufted halo.
The most obvious source of crash incompatibility is mass; a high-mass vehicle such as a large MPV or SUV will tend to cause much more serious damage in a crash with a lighter vehicle such as a typical sedan or compact car.
Another source of incompatibility is that heavier vehicles are required to have stronger front ends because of today's test requirements like the NCAP test.
A 2003 NHTSA study estimated that in vehicle to vehicle crashes, the design of minivans was 1.16 times as aggressive as cars, pickups were 1.39 times more aggressive, and SUVs were 1.71 times more aggressive than cars.
When weight was included in the analysis, light trucks (including SUVs) were estimated to be 3.3 times more aggressive than cars in head-on crashes and perhaps more so in side impact crashes.
These studies have been controversial as they affect public perception and policy decisions on CAFE standards and light truck safety test standards as they exist today.
NHTSA does not define a car or a light truck based on weight (e.g., the Chrysler PT Cruiser is classified as a light truck whereas a Lexus LS 600h L, a vehicle that weighs 66% more per published specifications, is classified as a car).
So while there have been no proposals to eliminate light trucks (which includes minivans, SUVs and pickups), doing so would not eliminate incompatibility because there would still be lighter vehicles crashing into heavier vehicles.
There has been extensive research and testing done by NHTSA, other governments, research organizations as well as automobile manufacturers to find solutions that improve safety in the small cars when colliding with larger vehicles.
In the United States, a group of experts proposed major steps to improve compatibility and these have been accepted as a voluntary regulation by American automotive manufacturers as well as by most other companies selling vehicles in the U.S.
The recommendations require all manufacturers to either (a) lower the height of the primary structure (also called frame rail) of all SUV and pickup trucks so that they overlap the primary structure of the cars; or (b) add another structure (called Secondary Energy Absorbing Structure) to the SUVs and pickup truck that cannot meet the first option.
Such modifications would likely greatly reduce the effectiveness of modern auto-safety advances due to causing the rigid parts of a pickup or SUV to strike the weaker parts of lower vehicles, rather than the reinforced regions in an accident.
Although much of the crash incompatibility debate in recent years has centered on SUVs, the concept has been around far longer.
When subcompact cars were introduced in the 1970s, there was a fear that incompatibilities of mass and design could lead to more serious injuries for drivers of these smaller, lighter vehicles.
Born in East Broughton, Quebec to a family of Quebecois and Italian-Canadian origin, he graduated in law from McGill University and formally entered law practice in 1938.
Fournier was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal in the 1935 election and was subsequently re-elected in 1940, 1945, and 1949.
At this election, Fournier was heading a new municipal party, the Ralliement du Grand Montréal, which brought together opponents of Jean Drapeau.
During his term as mayor, Fournier confined himself to representative functions and acted more as a spectator, mainly because Drapeau’s Civic Action League controlled the city council.
Partly due to this, Drapeau, now running under the banner of the Civic Party of Montreal, defeated him in a 1960 rematch.
His administration was especially marked by the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, the Boulevard Métropolitain and the candidacy of Montréal for the 1967 World’s Fair.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Mississippi is the 32nd-most populous state, with inhabitants and the 31st largest by land area, spanning of land.
At time of incorporation, municipalities with populations of more than 2,000 are classified as cities, municipalities containing between 301 and 2000 persons are classified as towns, and municipalities between 100 and 300 persons are classified as villages.
Places may be incorporated to become a city, town, or village through a petition signed by two-thirds of the qualified voters who reside in the proposed municipality.
The major function of municipal governments are to provide services for its citizens such as maintaining roads and bridges, providing law, fire protection, and health and sanitation services.
, the largest municipality by population in Mississippi is Jackson, with 173,514 residents, and the smallest is Satartia, with 55 residents.
The city of Natchez is the oldest municipality in Mississippi, incorporated on March 10, 1803, and the city of Diamondhead is the state's newest municipality, incorporated on January 30, 2012.
In 1881, the city contracted Frederick Law Olmsted, famous for creating New York City's Central Park, to create a design for Beardsley Park.
It is a better picnic ground than any possessed by the city of New York, after spending twenty million on parks...
In 1909, the city erected a statue created by Charles Henry Niehaus in honor of Beardsley at the park's Noble Avenue entrance.
At the time of the park's creation, the city of Bridgeport was home to Phineas T. Barnum and his world-famous circus.
Barnum would exercise his animals through the streets of Bridgeport, and people gathered in Beardsley Park to see zebras and camels walking by.
By 1927, the zoo had acquired a variety of exotic animals, including a camel donated by the Barnum and Bailey Circus.
The society continues to run the zoo as a private, nonprofit institution with assistance from the state of Connecticut and the city of Bridgeport.
On July 25, 2009, the zoo, in partnership with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), held an Exotic Animal Amnesty Day, where people could turn in their exotic pets to the state without fear of prosecution.
On March 31, 2012, the zoo and DEEP held another amnesty day, this time only aiming to accept animals which were illegal to own in Connecticut or that were in very bad condition.
In January 2010, the oldest Andean condor in the world, Thaao, died at the zoo after being a resident for 17 years.
On January 22, 2011, an endangered Brazilian ocelot kitten was born at the zoo through oviductal artificial insemination marking the first time that this kind of artificial insemination had successfully worked in an exotic wildcat.
In addition to these exhibit, the zoo is also home to a pair of Andean condors which can be found by the entrance of the zoo, as well as free-roaming Indian peafowl, West African helmeted guineafowl, and occasionally wild turkeys.
The Victorian Greenhouse is also home to two agave plants that have grown flower stalks, and are expected to bloom soon as of January, 2020.
At the entrance, a pair of brick buildings that once served as trolley barns for the city of Bridgeport now hold administrative offices.
The new exhibit will see the return of the bear species to the zoo since their last male left in 2011.
In 2012, the zoo temporarily exhibited a Galápagos giant tortoise and Aldabra giant tortoise, from the Cameron Park Zoo, outside of the greenhouse for the 90th anniversary.
Being an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), the zoo partakes in multiple captive breeding programs and Species Survival Plans.
The zoo works to care for and breed multiple endangered species such as Amur tigers, Amur leopards, Canada lynx, Brazilian ocelots, red wolves, Mexican wolves, maned wolves, giant anteaters, Chacoan peccaries, golden lion tamarins, North American river otters, Andean condors, spotted turtles, and eastern hellbenders.
The zoo's core education program, the Conservation Discovery Corps (CDC), is a science and conservation-based program for high school students ages 14–18.
Participants are trained in both zoo and field research, and are given an inside perspective on the operations of the zoo and gain experience in conservation education, public service, and public speaking.
The students also work side-by-side with licensed field biologists, study the role of zoos in conservation, and help educate zoo visitors.
In September 2014, the CDC received top honors in the 2014 AZA Education Award for its outstanding ability to promote conservation knowledge, educate youth, and obtain success in its projects.
He led a Marxist split, the Prohibition and Reform Party, which merged with the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920.
for Dundee at 1922 general election, when he and the Labour candidate E. D. Morel defeated the National Liberal candidates, one of which was Winston Churchill.
Raynault was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the district of L'Assomption in the 1936 general election and sat with the Union Nationale.
Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs is the sole studio album by the English–American blues rock band Derek and the Dominos, released in November 1970 as a double album.
It returned to the US albums chart again in 1972, 1974 and 1977, and has since been certified Platinum by the RIAA.
Derek and the Dominos grew out of Eric Clapton's frustration with the hype associated with his previous bands, the supergroups Cream and Blind Faith.
Following the latter's dissolution, he joined Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, whom he had come to know while they were the opening act on Blind Faith's US tour in the summer of 1969.
Having toured with Joe Cocker straight after leaving Delaney & Bonnie, Carl Radle and Jim Gordon reunited with Clapton and Whitlock in England.
Allman later called Dowd to let him know that his band was in town to perform a benefit concert on 26 August.
Dickey Betts, the Allmans' other lead guitarist, picked up where Allman left off, but when he followed Allman's eyes to Clapton, he had to turn his back to keep from freezing, himself.
However, as Whitlock recalls, Spector's Wall of Sound approach did not fit the band's style, and they had the single withdrawn.
Bobby revealed in an interview in August 1970 they started an egg-throwing fight at Frandsen's house in France which his son Emile covered for them.
Allman never toured with Derek and the Dominos, but made two guest appearances with them: on 1 December 1970 at the Curtis Hixon Hall in Tampa (Soulmates LP), and the following day at Onondaga County War Memorial in Syracuse, New York.
Tedeschi Trucks Band covered the album in its entirety on 24 August 2019 at Lockn' with Trey Anastasio of Phish and Doyle Bramhall II sitting in.
Because this album is more than 77 minutes it did not fit onto early CDs, which had a maximum play time of approximately 74 and a half minutes.
The first CD was full of tape hiss, since it was made from a tape copy many generations removed from the original 1970 stereo master.
The first disc has the same tracks as the original LP, remixed in stereo from the 16-track analog source tapes and digitally remastered.
The remix has some significant changes including center placement of the bass, which in the original mix was often mixed into either the left or right channel.
In 1993, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab gave the original 1970 stereo master tapes meticulous treatment for the first time and pressed the album on an expensive, limited edition 24kt gold CD.
The Polydor 2004 SACD/CD dual layer hybrid release remixed the album in 5.1 surround sound on the SACD layer and remastered the 1970 stereo version yet again on the CD layer.
This release contains three different 24-bit/96 kHz encodings of the stereo mix, in PCM, DTS-HD Master Audio and Dolby TrueHD formats, each with a slightly different EQ, but did not include either 5.1 mix from the 2004 or 2011 releases.
In September 2013, Universal Music Japan issued a remastered version of Layla on SHM-CD, a new compact disc revision manufactured with an improved polycarbonate material.
The LP was re-released on 180g vinyl by Simply Vinyl in the 1990s and re-mastered and re-released on 180g vinyl by Universal Music in 2008.
She performs her own compositions and the works of others in multiple genres, as well as tapping into Mexican traditional and popular music.
She also incorporates indigenous Mexican influences and has recorded songs in many indigenous languages such as Mixtec, Zapotec, Mayan, Nahuatl and Purépecha.
Born and raised in Oaxaca, she primarily studied at the Institute of Arts by Oaxaca and briefly attended University of Minnesota, before withdrawing to focus on her musical career.
Downs began performing in school, demonstrating her vocal ability with traditional music, Latin and American influences, and with her own original twist on dancing.
Downs through her activism has gone through great lengths to preserve the Mixtec language as well as many other Indigenous Mexican languages.
Influenced by Chavela Vargas, Mercedes Sosa, Lucha Villa, and Amparo Ochoa, Lila Downs is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outré contributions to the music industry through her traditional and authentic fashion, the majority of which are based around Mexico's indigenous peoples' styles, cultures and heritages, which show through her performances and music videos.
Besides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and political activism, especially dealing with issues of Latin America's indigenous population.
She is the daughter of Anita Sanchez, a Mixtec cabaret singer and Allen Downs, a Scottish-American professor of art and cinematographer from Minnesota.
One day while she was working in a store in the Mixtec mountains a man came in to ask her to translate his son's death certificate.
Although today Downs is proud of her origins there was a time when she felt shame regarding her Native American roots.
This led her on a path to find herself, which included dropping out of college, dying her hair blonde and following the band The Grateful Dead.
After some time Downs found herself back in Oaxaca a town in southern Mexico working at her mother's auto parts store, where she met her future husband and musical collaborator, tenor saxophonist Paul Cohen.
Upon her return to Mexico she started singing in bars, restaurants and clubs in the City of Oaxaca, Philadelphia and California in United States, always with the support of US saxophonist Paul Cohen.
This was both a collection of traditional songs from Oaxaca and Mexico, and songs written by the singer with lyrics sung in Spanish, Mixtec and Zapotec (native languages of Oaxaca).
On this record Downs was accompanied by a set of well-known musicians who supported its interpretation of traditional themes, as well as country music and jazz.
With this work Downs and her music became known in different parts of the Republic of Mexico, and this was their first album to be released on CD.
The album had a big impact, despite limited promotion and the fact that only a small number of copies were made.
This CD is now out of print, and although not available as part of the official discography of Lila Downs, can be found in digital format.
It is an extensive compilation of items in her traditional repertoire but, like its predecessor, had no commercial distribution, so this disc is also currently out of print.
Recorded a year earlier, this material came to the forefront of Mexican music and her album was one of the first to merge the sounds of traditional music and modern rhythms as jazz, blues and bolero.
The album was sung in Spanish and Mixtec, and was produced by Lila Downs and Paul Cohen with the support of Xquenda Cultural Association.
With this album the fame of Downs continued to spread to other markets in England, Switzerland, Canada and especially the United States.
In October 2000, she began a two-month tour called the Tree of Life/Árbol de la vida, which included concerts in Latin America, Europe and the US.
In October 2009 Lila Downs was honored by a plaque at the outskirts of her hometown and birthplace, Tlaxiaco, Mexico, and also was awarded the keys the city for her work preserving the language of Mixtec.
Lila Downs y la Misteriosa en Paris was released in Mexico with an edited version of the live concert on DVD and was number one in sales of Gender World Music for the music chain Mixup for three consecutive weeks.
In a survey of the best albums of 2010 conducted by the Mexican television network Channel 22, this album was ranked number one.
Downs ahas been touring through February 2017 in Mexico, the US and around the world, the Sins and Miracles Tour, which started in Mexico.
Audience members at a concert of February 18, 2012, at New York City El Museo del Barrio were informed that the concert was being recorded by HBO.
In 2015, Lila Downs joined the judging panel for The 14th Annual Independent Music Awards and by doing so, helped to assist the careers of upcoming independent artists.
Her next international tour started at the end of March 2017 on the West Coast of the US, followed by a series of performances in Mexico, Europe and Latin America.
The album was awarded the Latin Grammy for Best Traditional Pop Vocal at the Latin Grammys in Las Vegas in November 2017.
Countries such as the Philippines, Japan, China, Egypt and Afghanistan were included on the tour, where Downs was well received by the public.
In May 2007, Downs published a DVD collection as a document of that tour in a concert in Oaxaca and Mexico City; this DVD contained thirteen live tracks and a documentary as well as special features like interviews, short films by Allen Downs (Lila's father) and videos.
In Latin America, Mexico was the country with the highest number of concerts (21 in total), the tour officially ended on October 30, 2009, giving a free concert in the Zocalo of Mexico City, followed by Colombia and Costa Rica, with three concerts each.
Although not part of the tour, Lila Downs appeared in the Live Earth in Germany, where she played three songs, and in late 2008 sang at the Harmony Festival held in California, United States.
It began on March 26 in Mexico City at the Plaza Condesa, presenting the repertoire of new music album of the same name tour.
In August 2016, Lila Downs performed at the 21st Annual Santa Barbara Mariachi Festival alongside Aida Cuevas, Mariachi Sol de Mexico, Mariachi Nuevo Tecalitlan, and Mariachi Reyna de Los Angeles in Santa Barbara, CA.
There has been much speculation in the media about the couple's personal life and that the couple could not have children.
She talked about some of these aspects of her life in NPR Interviews: Lila Downs Woos Fans with 'Shake Away' and Lila Downs' Cross-Border Musical Influences.
In June 2010, Downs announced on her web site that, after several years of trying to be parents, she and Paul Cohen had adopted a child, Benito Dxuladi.
Downs has been a social activist throughout her entire career and works to maintain her cultural identity and her roots in the eye of social distress.
Her music draws out many socially significant issues particularly with issues pertaining to the Indigenous, such as the mistreatment and misunderstanding of indigenous peoples of Oaxaca, by celebrating her Mixtec heritage through song.
When asked if she is a politician, Downs said that she does not want to be a politician because she is not interested in power, instead she wants to support and change society through music.
On Friday, October 9, 2009 Downs, along with actress Salma Hayek represented Mexico participated in an event for the worldwide campaign of the One Drop foundation, to preserve water.
She has recently unveiled her star on the Walk of Fame located in the outskirts of Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City for her career.
Her last album 'Balas Y Chocolate' was listed on i-Tunes as one of the years best in World Music 2015, was one of the UK Sunday Times best albums of the year and was a Best Album of the Year pick in Songlines Magazine, where she was featured on the cover of the June 2016 issue.
A few older cities are incorporated under legislative charters (Carrollton, Chillicothe, LaGrange, Liberty, Miami, Missouri City, and Pleasant Hill) which are no longer allowed.
A municipality incorporates as a Class 4 city if the population is between 500 and 2,999 (under 500, it may incorporate as a village – see list of villages in Missouri).
If the population increases beyond 500 after incorporation, a vote may be held to change to a city government, but it is not automatic.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Montana is the 7th least populous state with inhabitants but the 4th largest by land area spanning of land.
The Montana Code 7-1-4124 gives municipal governments in Montana powers to enact ordinances, borrow money, and enact eminent domain among other legal powers.
Cities and towns are classified at the time of their organization, and are reorganized when they change classification due to an increase or decrease in population.
Under certain exceptions municipalities with a population of between 9,000 and 10,000 may elect by resolution to be either a First or Second Class city.
Under similar exceptions municipalities with a population of between 5,000 and 7,500 may elect by resolution to be either a Second or Third Class city.
Municipalities with a population of between 1,000 and 2,500 may by resolution be classified as either a town or Third Class city.
Unincorporated places such as census-designated places fall outside this scheme, and are subject to county governance, and thus are not towns or cities.
The largest municipality by population in Montana is Billings with 104,170 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Ismay with 19 residents.
The largest municipality by land area is Anaconda, a consolidated city-county, which spans , while Rexford and Flaxville are the smallest at .
Prick Up Your Ears is a 1987 British film, directed by Stephen Frears, about the playwright Joe Orton and his lover Kenneth Halliwell.
The film stars Gary Oldman as Orton, Alfred Molina as Halliwell, Wallace Shawn as Lahr, and Vanessa Redgrave as Peggy Ramsay.
Maggie Smith turned down the role of Ramsay, saying that she did not want to perturb her sons by starring in a film that featured homosexual promiscuity and murder.
Oldman earned a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actor; Redgrave received BAFTA- and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.
Having seven credited victories, he was the third pilot to receive the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry awarded to British and Commonwealth servicemen.
His parents were distant cousins; Hawker's father was of a cadet branch of the family resident in Australia since his own father, George Charles Hawker (son of Royal Navy Admiral Edward Hawker), emigrated in 1839, being elected Speaker of the House of Assembly, South Australia in 1860.
The Hawker family had a military tradition, with army commissions being held in each generation since the time of Elizabeth I. Lanoe was sent to Stubbington House School and at the age of 11 to the Royal Navy College in Dartmouth, but although highly intelligent and an enthusiastic sportsman, he suffered from a weak constitution, which led to jaundice.
With the strenuous nature of a naval career unsuitable, he entered the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich before joining the Royal Engineers as an officer cadet.
During the summer of 1910 he saw a film featuring the Wright Flyer and after attending an aircraft flying display at Bournemouth, he quickly found an interest in aviation, learning to fly at his own expense at Hendon.
His request for attachment to the Royal Flying Corps was granted and he reported to the Central Flying School at Upavon on 1 August 1914.
On 22 April he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for attacking a German zeppelin shed at Gontrode by dropping hand grenades at low level (below 200 ft) from his B.E.2c.
For the remainder of the battle he had to be carried to and from his aircraft, but refused to be grounded until the fight was over.
One aircraft received was a Bristol Scout C, with RFC s/n 1609 that Hawker, with assistance from Air Mechanic Ernest Elton (who later became an Ace Pilot himself), equipped with their design of Lewis gun mount, enabling the machine gun to fire forward obliquely at an acute horizontal angle to the axis of flight, missing the propeller arc.
The Squadron became pioneers of many aspects in military aviation at the time, driven largely by the imagination of Strange and the engineering talents of Hawker.
Their talents led to various mountings for Lewis machine guns, one of which won Hawker the Victoria Cross, and one that nearly cost Strange his life.
He helped to invent the Prideaux disintegrating link machine-gun belt feed, and initiated the practice of putting fabric protective coverings on the tips of wooden propellers, the use of fur-lined thigh boots, and devising a primitive 'rocking fuselage' for target practice on the ground.
Following an initial air victory in June, on 25 July 1915 when on patrol over Passchendaele, Captain Hawker attacked three German aircraft in succession, flying a different Bristol Scout C, serial No.
The first aerial victory for Hawker that day occurred after he had emptied a complete drum of bullets from his aircraft's single Lewis machine gun into it, went spinning down.
The second was driven to the ground damaged, and the third – an Albatros C.I of FFA 3 – which he attacked at a height of about 10,000 feet, burst into flames and crashed.
This particular sortie was just one of the many which Captain Hawker undertook during almost a year of constant operational flying and fighting.
Hawker was posted back to England in late 1915, with some seven victory claims (inc. one captured, three destroyed, one 'out of control' and one 'forced to land') making him the first British flying ace, and a figure of considerable fame within the ranks of the RFC.
It has since been argued that shooting down three aircraft in one mission was a feat repeated several times by later pilots, and whether Hawker deserved his Victoria Cross has been questioned.
However, in the context of the air war of mid-1915 it was unusual to shoot down even one aircraft, and the VC was awarded on the basis that all the enemy planes were armed with machine guns.
Hawker flew before Britain had any workable synchroniser gear, so his Bristol Scout had its machine gun mounted on the left side of the cockpit, firing forwards and sideways at a 45 degree angle to avoid the propeller.
The only direction from which he could attack an enemy was from its right rear quarter – precisely in a direction from which it was easy for the observer to fire at him.
Hawker was placed in command of the RFC's first (single seater) fighter squadron, Number 24 based at Hounslow Heath Aerodrome and flying the Airco DH.2 pusher.
After two fatalities in recent flying accidents, the new fighter, which featured a forward-mounted Lewis machine gun, soon earned a reputation for spinning; its rear mounted rotary engine and sensitive controls made it very responsive.
Hawker countered this worry by taking a DH.2 up over the squadron base and, in front of the squadron pilots, put the aircraft through a series of spins, each time recovering safely.
Once the pilots became used to the DH.2's characteristics, confidence in the aircraft rose quickly, as they came to appreciate its manoeuvrability.
Spurred by his aggressiveness, 24 Squadron claimed some 70 victories by November at the cost of 12 of its own planes and 21 pilots killed, wounded or missing.
Around this time, Hawker developed a ring gunsight and created a clamp and spring-clip device to hold the Lewis in place on the DH.2.
As the year wore on, the Germans introduced far more potent fighters to the front, starting with the Luftstreitkräfte's first biplane fighter, the single-gun armed Halberstadt D.II, and shortly thereafter the even more advanced, twin-gunned Albatros D.I, rapidly making the DH.2 obsolete.
5964), Hawker left Bertangles Aerodrome at 1300 hours as part of 'A' Flight, led by Capt J. O. Andrews and including Lt (later AVM) R.H.M.S Saundby.
Spotting a larger flight of German aircraft above, Andrews was about to break off the attack, but spotted Hawker diving to attack.
Andrews and Saundby followed him to back him up in his fight; Andrews drove off one of the Germans attacking Hawker, then took bullets in his engine and glided out of the fight under Saundby's covering fire.
Losing contact with the other DH.2s, Hawker began a lengthy dogfight with an Albatros D.II flown by Leutnant Manfred von Richthofen of Jasta 2.
The Albatros was faster than the DH.2, more powerful and, with a pair of lMG 08 machine guns, more heavily armed.
The Red Baron's guns jammed 50 yards from the lines, but a bullet from his last burst struck Hawker in the back of his head, killing him instantly.
His plane spun from and crashed east of Luisenhof Farm, just south of Bapaume on the Flers Road, becoming the German ace's 11th victim.
Hawker's original Victoria Cross was lost when the Hawker family belongings were left behind after the fall of France in 1940.
A replacement was issued to Hawker's brother on 3 February 1960, and is now held by the Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon.
Hourani was born in Manchester, England, the son of Soumaya Rassi and Fadlo Hourani, immigrants from Marjeyoun in what is now South Lebanon (see Lebanese diaspora).
His family had converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to Scottish Presbyterianism and his father became an elder of the local church in Manchester.
Fadlo Hourani tried to enroll Albert into a preparatory school in Manchester but it did not accept him as it did not take 'foreigners'; Fadlo instead opened an alternative school in which Albert studied until the age of fourteen.
He later studied at Mill Hill School, London before attending Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied Philosophy, Politics, Economics and History (with an emphasis on international relations in the politics section of the degree), graduating first in his class in 1936.
In World War II he worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (aka Chatham House) and in the office of the British Minister of State in Cairo.
After the war's end, he worked at the Arab Office in Jerusalem and London, where he helped prepare the Arab case for the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry.
He began his academic career, which would occupy the rest of his life, in 1948, teaching at Magdalen College, St. Antony's College (where he created and directed the college's Middle East Centre), the American University of Beirut, the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard.
He ended his academic career as Fellow of St. Antony's and Reader in the History of the Modern Middle East at Oxford.
Today his students can be found on the faculties of LSE, Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, Yale, University of Pennsylvania, Columbia, MIT and the University of Haifa, among others.
The top book prize in the Middle Eastern studies field is named the Albert Hourani Book Award and it is given annually by the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA).
They had a daughter, Susanna Hourani, who became professor of pharmacology and Head of Department in the School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences of the University of Surrey.
In addition to traditional fixed-line telephone service, Telmex offers Internet access through their Infinitum brand of Wi-Fi networks, data, hosted services and IT services.
In 1950, the same investors bought the Mexican branch of the ITT Corporation, thus becoming the only telephone provider in the country.
In 1990, Telmex was bought by a group of investors formed principally by Carlos Slim Helú, France Télécom, and Southwestern Bell Corporation, whose tender was the largest.
However, controversially, the payment itself took place over the course of the next several years, using revenues from the phone service.
After privatization, Telmex began investing in new modern infrastructure, creating a nationwide fiber optic network, thus offering service to most of the country.
Telcel started out in a distant second place in its mobile market, but in 1995 everything changed, when the Mexican currency crisis hit many Mexicans hard.
Iusacell decided to stay with wealthier customers, offering expensive plans, whereas Telcel began to offer the first prepaid mobile phone plans.
Although, in effect, just as expensive as the contracts offered by Iusacell, the success of its prepaid plans ultimately provided Telcel the growth needed to become the leader in the mobile market within two years.
In 2000, Telmex spun off their mobile unit, creating América Móvil, which controls Radio Móvil Dipsa and was free to develop its own business as an independent entity.
In 2010, America Móvil (an independent company from its former parent company, Telmex) bought 60% of Telmex, paying over 23 billion dollars.
, Telmex holds more than 80% of the market as an ISP, and is also the leader in broadband access with its brand Prodigy Infinitum (ADSL).
In the mid-1990s, AT&T Corporation and WorldCom (MCI), among others, began operating in Mexico, representing for the first time serious competition to Telmex.
However, due to Telmex's incumbent monopoly position and well-developed infrastructure and coverage, none of them were believed to pose much threat to Telmex.
In 2004, Telmex went into a shopping spree for undervalued operators in South America, including the purchase of AT&T's Latin American operations, giving it presence in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, and increased reach in the United States.
In the same year, Telmex bought from MCI Brazil's largest and most important long distance operator, Embratel, acquired Chile's Chilesat, took control of Argentina's Techtel (operating in Argentina and Uruguay), of which it already owned 60%, by purchasing the remaining 40% from the Techint group, and purchased Argentina's Metrored.
At the same time, sister company America Movil pursued a similar strategy by acquiring cellular operators CTI Movil in Argentina and Uruguay, Claro in Brazil and Peru, Porta in Ecuador and Comcel in Colombia.
Days later, Telmex started the first Wi-Max network in Chile, offering local, long distance and Internet services to 98% of the Chilean population.
In January 2010, América Móvil, the largest mobile phone company in Latin America, made an offer to buy Telmex and Telmex International in order to better compete against Spain's Telefonica and Malaysia's Telekom Malaysia.
América Móvil was once the mobile arm of Telmex, but in 2001, América Móvil was split off and grew larger than the former parent company.
In Nebraska, a village is a municipality of 100 through 800 inhabitants, whereas a city must have at least 800 inhabitants.
Babeldaob's eastern coast has many sandy beaches, in particular north from Melekeok to Ngaraard, and the island's western coast has a shoreline with many mangrove forests.
First sighting of Babeldaob, Koror and Peleliu recorded by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos at the end of January 1543.
As a consequence of the Spanish–American War, Spain sold Palau (including Babeldaob), the Carolines and the Northern Marianas (except Guam) to the German Empire for 17 million goldmark pursuant to the German–Spanish Treaty (1899).
Babeldaob was the destination to which the 426 members of the Sokehs tribe were banished by colonial authorities following the Sokehs Rebellion on Sokehs Island and Pohnpei.
As a League of Nations mandatory power after the war, Japan returned the Sokehs to Pohnpei in stages between 1917 and 1927.
During World War II a Japanese garrison on Babeldaob was composed of 21,449 Imperial Japanese Army men under the command of Lieutenant-General Sadae Inoue and 8,286 Imperial Japanese Navy men under the command of Vice-Admiral Kenmi Itoh.
A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs.
Numerous developments, improvements in materials and technologies, as well as greater focus on functionality for protecting vehicle components and improving safety have changed bumpers over the years.
Early car owners had the front spring hanger bolt replaced with ones long enough to be able to attach a metal bar.
Often treated as an optional accessory, bumpers became more and more common in the 1920s as automobile designers made them more complex and substantial.
Over the next decades, chrome plated bumpers became heavy, elaborative, and increasingly decorative until the late 1950s when US automakers began establishing new bumper trends and brand specific designs.
The 1960s saw the use of lighter chrome plated blade-like bumpers with a painted metal valance filling the space below it.
Current design practice is for the bumper structure on modern automobiles to consist of a plastic cover over a reinforcement bar made of steel, aluminum, fiberglass composite, or plastic.
Bumpers of most modern automobiles have been made of a combination of polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) called PC/ABS.
A bumper that protects vehicle components from damage at 5 miles per hour must be four times stronger than a bumper that protects at 2.5 miles per hour, with the collision energy dissipation concentrated at the extreme front and rear of the vehicle.
Bumpers are increasingly being designed to mitigate injury to pedestrians struck by cars, such as through the use of bumper covers made of flexible materials.
Front bumpers, especially, have been lowered and made of softer materials, such as foams and crushable plastics, to reduce the severity of impact on legs.
Bumpers do not protect against moderate speed collisions, because during emergency braking, suspension changes the pitch of each vehicle, so bumpers can bypass each other when the vehicles collide.
Airbag deployment sensors typically do not trigger until contact with an obstruction, and it is important that front bumpers be the first parts of a vehicle to make contact in the event of a frontal collision, to leave sufficient time to inflate the protective cushions.
Energy-absorbing crush zones are completely ineffective if they are physically bypassed; an extreme example of this occurs when the elevated platform of a tractor-trailer completely misses the front bumper of a passenger car, and first contact is with the glass windshield of the passenger compartment.
Underride collisions, in which a smaller vehicle such as a passenger sedan slides under a larger vehicle such as a tractor-trailer often result in severe injuries or fatalities.
The platform bed of a typical tractor-trailer is at the head height of seated adults in a typical passenger car, and can cause severe head trauma in even a moderate-speed collision.
The trucking industry has been slow to upgrade this safety feature, and there are no requirements to repair ICC bars damaged in service.
However, in 1996 NHTSA upgraded the requirements for the rear underride prevention structure on truck trailers, and Transport Canada went further with an even more stringent requirement for energy-absorbing rear underride guards, and in July 2015 NHTSA issued a proposal to upgrade the US performance requirements for underride guards.
Many European nations have also required side underride guards, to mitigate against lethal collisions where the car impacts the truck from the side.
A variety of different types of side underride guards of this nature are in use in Japan, the US, and Canada.
Unlike trucks, SUVs with bumpers more than from the road are illegal in the United States, as are vehicles with the fuel tank located behind the rear axle (see Ford Pinto).
Regulations for automobile bumpers have been implemented for two reasons – to allow the car to sustain a low-speed impact without damage to the vehicle's safety systems, and to protect pedestrians from injury.
These requirements are in conflict: bumpers that withstand impact well and minimize repair costs tend to injure pedestrians more, while pedestrian-friendly bumpers tend to have higher repair costs.
Although a vehicle's bumper systems are designed to absorb the energy of low-speed collisions and help protect the car's safety and other expensive components located nearby, most bumpers are designed to meet only the minimum regulatory standards.
International safety regulations, originally devised as European standards under the auspices of the United Nations, have now been adopted by most countries outside North America.
These specify that a car's safety systems must still function normally after a straight-on pendulum or moving-barrier impact of to the front and the rear, and to the front and rear corners of at above the ground with the vehicle loaded or unloaded.
However, studies have shown that such bars increase the threat of death and serious injury to pedestrians in urban environments, because the bull bar is rigid and transmits all force of a collision to the pedestrian, unlike a bumper which absorbs some force and crumples.
In the European Union, the sale of rigid metal bull bars which do not comply with the relevant pedestrian-protection safety standards has been banned.
Off-road vehicles often utilize aftermarket off-road bumpers made of heavy gauge metal to improve clearance (height above terrain), maximize departure angles, clear larger tires, and ensure additional protection.
Similar or identical to bull bars, off-road bumpers feature a rigid construction and do not absorb (by plastic deformation) any energy in a collision, which is more dangerous for pedestrians than factory plastic bumpers.
The standard prohibited functional damage to specified safety-related components such as headlamps and fuel system components when the vehicle is subjected to barrier crash tests at for front and for rear bumper systems.
Factors considered included the costs and benefits of implementation, the standard's effect on insurance costs and legal fees, savings in consumer time and inconvenience, as well as health and safety considerations.
The standards were further tightened for the 1974 model year passenger cars, with standardized height front and rear bumpers that could take angle impacts at with no damage to the car's lights, safety equipment, and engine.
Cars for the US market were equipped with bulky, massive, heavy, protruding bumpers to comply with the 5-mile-per-hour bumper standard in effect from 1973 to 1982.
This often meant additional overall vehicle length, as well as new front and rear designs to incorporate the stronger energy absorbing bumpers.
With very few exceptions, such as Volvo 240 and Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow, foreign manufacturers only sold this feature in markets that mandated it, the U.S. and Canada, so 'rest-of-the-world' models had a notably distinct appearance.
US bumper height requirements effectively made some models, such as the Citroën SM, suddenly ineligible for importation to the United States.
This new bumper standard was placed in the United States Code of Federal Regulations at 49 CFR 581, separate from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards at 49CFR571.
The most rigorous requirements applied to 1980 through 1982 model vehicles; front and rear barrier and pendulum crash tests were required, and no damage was allowed to the bumper beyond a dent and displacement from the bumper's original position.
The recently elected Reagan administration had pledged to use cost–benefit analysis to reduce regulatory burdens on industry, which impacted this standard.
As discussed in detail under Physics, prior to 1959, people believed the stronger the structure, including the bumpers, the safer the car.
Later analysis led to the understanding of crumple zones, rather than rigid construction that proved deadly to passengers, because the force from impact went straight inside the vehicle and onto the passenger.
NHTSA amended the bumper standard in May 1982, halving the front and rear crash test speeds for 1983 and newer car bumpers from to , and the corner crash test speeds from to .
NHTSA evaluated the results of its change in 1987, noting it resulted in lower weight and manufacturing costs, offset by higher repair costs.
In the United States, this gap is helped by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, which subjects vehicles to low speed barrier tests () and publicizes the repair costs.
As an example, in 1990 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety conducted four crash tests on three different-year examples of the Plymouth Horizon.
Canada's bumper standard, first enacted at the same time as that of the United States, was generally similar to the US regulation.
Canada mirrored U.S. design legislation in this area, but did not revise it to based on the 1982 Cost Benefit Analysis.
Some automakers chose to provide stronger Canadian-specification bumpers throughout the North American market, while others chose to provide weaker bumpers in the US market, another hindrance to private importation of vehicles between the US and Canada.
As in the U.S., consumer protection groups were upset with the change, while Canadian regulators maintained that the test speed is used worldwide and is more compatible with improved pedestrian protection in vehicle-pedestrian crashes.
Hundreds of suggestions were considered.After painstaking research, LaSalle was the top pick, with St. Moritz a distant second, trailed farther behind by Seville.
Seville is a Spanish province and the capital city of that province, renowned for its history and its treasures of art and architecture.
The Seville name first entered use by Cadillac as the designation for the two-door hardtop version of the 1956 Cadillac Eldorado.
The Seville, introduced in May 1975 as an early 1976 model, was Cadillac's answer to the rising popularity of such European luxury imports as Mercedes-Benz and BMW.
Seeking to counter Cadillac's heavy slant towards the over-50 age group, the Seville was a bold attempt to both rejuvenate the make's image and win over young import buyers.
The Seville became the smallest and most expensive model in the lineup, turning Cadillac's traditional marketing and pricing strategy upside down.
Full size design prototypes were created as early as winter of 1972–73 (wearing the tentative name LaSalle, reviving the Cadillac junior brand from 1927–1940).
Unibody construction included a bolt-on subframe, with a rear suspension based on the rear-wheel drive 1968–74 X-body platform that underpinned the Chevrolet Nova, including rear differential, with a thicker bushinged front subframe similar to the second generation F platform shared by the Camaro and Firebird and the 1975–79 GM X platform.
Also shared with the corporate X platform was part of the roof stamping and trunk floor pan (for 1973 and newer X platform vehicles).
Cadillac stylists added a crisp, angular body that set the tone for GM styling for the next decade, along with a wide-track stance giving car a substantial, premium appearance.
A wide chrome grille flanked by quadruple rectangular headlamps with narrow parking and signal lamps just below filled the header panel, while small wrap-around rectangular tail lamps placed at the outermost corners of the rear gave the appearance of a lower, leaner, and wider car.
Seville engineers chose the X-body platform instead of the German Opel Diplomat in response to GM's budget restrictions—GM executives felt re-engineering an Opel would be more costly than the corporate X-car.
This proposal also met with budget concerns since the transaxle used for the Eldorado was produced on a limited basis solely for E-body (Eldorado/Toronado) production, alongside the GMC motorhome of the mid-1970s (which has a derivative of the E-platform drivetrain).
The Seville was thus more nimble and easier to park, as well as remaining attractive to customers with the full complement of Cadillac features.
More expensive than every other Cadillac model (except the Series 75 Fleetwood factory limousines) at US$12,479, the Seville was modestly successful in the marketplace.
To ensure the quality of the initial production run of Sevilles, the first 2,000 units produced were identical in color (Georgian silver) and equipment.
Early Sevilles produced between April 1975 (a total of 16,355) to the close of the 1976 model year were the first Cadillacs to use the smaller GM wheel bolt pattern (5 lugs with a bolt circle; the 2003–2009 XLR also uses this pattern).
Starting with the 1977 model year, production Sevilles used the larger 5 lug — 5 inch bolt circle common to full-size Chevrolet passenger cars (1971–76), Cadillacs, Buicks, Oldsmobiles, Pontiacs, and 1/2 ton Chevrolet/GMC light trucks and vans.
It also received rear disc brakes, a design which would surface a year later as an option on the F-body Pontiac Trans Am.
1975–76 models had a mandatory vinyl top due to the fact that the roof section was originally tooled up in two parts; the rear section around the C-pillar was pressed especially for Cadillac, and a regular X-body sedan roof pressing was used for the forward parts.
The following year, production increased to 56,985 cars and ended up being the peak production year for the first generation Seville.
This system gave the Seville smooth drivability and performance that was usually lacking in other domestic cars of this early emissions control era.
Power output was , gas mileage was 17 MPG in the city and 23 MPG on the highway (the larger Deville and Fleetwood were still getting single digit gas mileage) and performance was good for the era zero to taking 11.5 seconds.
The trip computer also included numerous calculations at the touch of a button on a small panel located to the right of the steering wheel.
These included miles to empty, miles per gallon, and a destination arrival time (which needed to be programmed by the driver, to estimate arrival time based on miles remaining).
Though preceded by the British 1976 Aston Martin Lagonda sedan, the Seville was the first American automobile to offer full electronic instrumentation.
A number of custom coach builders made modifications to the 1975–1979 Seville, to include shortened 2-seat 2-door convertibles, a 2-door convertible with a back seat, a 2-door pickup truck, 2-door coupes, 2- and 4-door lengthened-hood Sevilles with a fake spare tire in each front fender, and a lengthened-wheelbase standard 4-door Seville.
This made Iran the only country assembling Cadillacs outside the U.S. until 1997 when Cadillac Catera was based on Opel Omega and built in Germany for U.S. market.
Real wire wheels were standard as were a host of other features which were optional and/or unavailable on the base Seville.
For the second generation Seville Elegante in 1985, a monotone paint combination became available, however dual-shade combinations, which were now available in various colors, remained more popular.
Buyers were turned off by a smaller Cadillac having a higher price tag than the larger standard models (which rose rapidly each year during the inflation-plagued late '70s).
It also failed to attract the younger import-buying audience, especially since luxury makes tended to sell based on brand loyalty rather than price or features.
One rather embarrassing study of Seville buyers discovered that the car was most popular with senior citizens who wanted a traditional Cadillac in a smaller, more maneuverable package.
Marketing research indicated that the car was most popular with older women who wanted a Cadillac in a smaller, more maneuverable size.
For the 1980 model year, the Seville's K-body platform became front-wheel drive, based on the E-body of the Eldorado, Buick Riviera and Oldsmobile Toronado.
The new model featured independent rear suspension and was the first American car to have a standard diesel engine, which had carried over from the previous generation.
Cadillac's new L62 V8 with Digital Fuel Injection was a no-cost option except in California, where the fuel-injected Oldsmobile 350 remained available, also as a no-cost option.
In addition, long hood/short deck proportions were in the later half of a revival that had manifested on large, exclusive luxury cars from the 1960s onwards, as in halo personal luxury cars such as the Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, and reconfigured Cadillac Eldorado.
Sales were strong at first, but disastrous flirtation with diesel engines and the ill-fated V-8-6-4 variable displacement gasoline engine, coupled with poor quality control, began to erode Seville's standing in the marketplace.
For the 1981–1985 Seville and Eldorado, it was considerably less expensive at US$200 in 1981 and did not contain the many features of Trip Computer, just a digital speedometer and fuel gauge.
This engine, especially in its early years, had a number of reliability issues, such as weak, porous aluminum block castings and failure-prone intake manifold gaskets.
Initially, looking like a standard Delco radio in 1983, from 1984 on it featured a brushed gold-look front panel and bulbous lower interior door speaker assemblies.
In 1985, an all-new, much smaller body attempted to combine the crisp angularity of the original Seville with the rounded edges of the new aerodynamic aesthetic.
The smaller exterior size and cautious styling were regarded by some traditional Cadillac customers as being too similar to secondary cars produced by other GM divisions.
The new Seville/Eldorado chassis featured an advanced transmission and engine control system that offered EPA fuel consumption figures of nearly on the highway using a small fuel injected V8.
The BCM/ECM (Body Control Module/Engine Control Module) was paired with an electronic dashboard using high intensity vacuum fluorescent displays and utilized GM's expertise derived from the acquisition of Hughes Electronics, makers of communications and spy satellites.
The big news for 1988 was the introduction of the Seville Touring Sedan (STS) which came equipped with GM's FE2 Touring Suspension.
It featured special 15 inch alloy wheels, special springs, rear sway bar, and a special 15.6:1 steering ratio for enhanced handling, a grille mounted Cadillac emblem, special cloisonne trunk lock cover, and a unique four-place interior.
The first 1988 STS's were custom built in June 1988 by Cars and Concepts and announced at the 1988 Detroit Grand Prix.
These initial run models were available to VIP's within General Motors, the Cadillac Division, some major shareholders and a short list of dignitaries.
A special label was affixed to the lower corner of the driver-side front door by Cars and Concepts identifying it as one of the original STS's.
Features from the 1988 model were carried over to the 1989 production model year with the addition of a retuned European-feel suspension package for more precise steering control and firmer feel of the road.
The features of the STS over the standard Seville included hand-stitched beechwood ultrasoft leather seats, anti-lock braking, touring suspension, a 3.3:1 drive ratio; 15-inch cast aluminum alloy wheels and Goodyear Eagle GT4 blackwall tires.
Other standard STS features (these were options on the standard Seville) were: automatic door locks, illuminated driver and passenger side visor vanity mirrors, illuminated entry system, rear window defogger, theft-deterrent system and trunk mat.
The first 1989 STS's were leftovers from the Cars & Concepts run of the 1988 production year and had the special sticker located on the lower part on the inside of the driver's door.
Front park lamps were no longer mounted in the fender on any models, and the Seville STS underwent some major changes.
Also added was dual exhaust with bright stainless outlets, a larger STS trunk script, standard Teves anti-lock braking system with rear discs, and 16-inch machine finished alloy wheels on Goodyear Eagle GT+4 tires.
While the engine was the same as used in regular Seville models, the transmission had a special final drive ratio of 3:33:1 for better acceleration.
There were no body changes in 1991, but mechanically there was a new 4.9 liter V8 under the hood coupled to a 4T60E electronically controlled transmission.
The only change to the STS was the removal of the rear bucket seats for a full-width bench, and new front seats with larger side bolsters taken from last years Eldorado Touring Coupe.
The 1993 addition of the Northstar System, including the Northstar quad-cam 32-valve aluminum V8 and a new unequal-length control arm rear suspension to the STS helped the Seville increase sales.
Base prices for both models peaked in 1996 at US$42,995 ($ in current dollars) for the SLS and US$47,495 ($ in current dollars) for the STS but the increasingly competitive luxury car market resulted in price reductions for 1997.
A redesigned Seville was introduced in late 1997 for 1998 MY, and was now built on GM's G platform; however GM chose to continue to refer to it as the K platform.
It was the first Cadillac launched with a European type approval number in Europe such as United Kingdom first, and then Germany, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy, Finland and other in markets.
The fifth generation Seville was the first Cadillac engineered to be built in both left- and right-hand-drive form; becoming the first modern Cadillac to be officially imported and sold in South Africa along with other right-hand-drive markets such as Japan and the United Kingdom.
The export version had thinner bumpers as to bring the overall length under five metres since some countries place higher taxation for passenger cars longer than five metres.
From 1274 to 1816 it functioned primarily as a judicial body, whereas the modern Løgting established in 1852 is a parliamentary assembly, which gained legislative power when home rule was introduced in 1948.
The Manx Tynwald and the Icelandic Alþing are the two other modern parliaments with ties back to the old Norse assemblies of Europe.
The first election with this new system was held on 19 January 2008, after the Election law was changed in late 2007, prior to which the membership of the Løgting varied from 27 to 32.
That Election Act came into force in 1978, and the eight general elections between 1978 and 2004 all resulted in 32 members.
Election of the Løgting can take place before the end of an election period if the Løgting agrees on dissolving itself.
In 999, Sigmundur introduced Christianity at the ting, which was located on Tinganes, a peninsula, which is now the old part of Tórshavn, the capital of the Faroes.
In fact, there was no settlement at Tinganes to that time, but it was the most central place of the islands.
However, the Faroese ting mentioned in this saga must have been a well introduced institution in the 10th century, for it was held each year and is not described as something new or unusual.
The Viking Age in the Faroes ended in 1035 when Tróndur í Gøtu died and Leivur Øssursson (the son-in-law of Sigmundur Brestisson) became liege lord under king Magnus I of Norway.
Around 1380, the Faroes, together with Norway, came under the Danish throne, but the islands preserved their special status as former Norwegian territory.
Regardless of these developments, the Løgting preserved a certain influence on the legislature and the administration of the islands until the introduction of the absolute monarchy in 1660 under Frederick III.
From that date the influence and authority of the Løgting had become again reduced, and the institution was finally abolished in 1816.
At the same time, the judicial authority of the Løgting was transferred to other courts, such as the newly inaugurated Court of the Faroes.
When Denmark received a free, and for that period democratic constitution in 1849, this signalled the end of the special status the Faroes had held within the kingdom of Denmark.
At that time many of them wished to see the Løgting reinstated, one reason being that they were not satisfied with the situation that the highest Danish government official, called the Amtmaður, was the sole advisory authority on the Faroes on matters of Faroese legislation.
The reconstituted Løgting held its first assembly on Ólavsøka in 1852, and thus revived the traditions of the former institution which had been abolished in 1816.
One of the chief objectives behind the demand for political home rule which its supporters put forward was that the Løgting should have legislative powers.
However, this rule was amended in 1923, so that the president was from then on elected by the members of the Løgting.
During World War II, when the Faroes were occupied by the United Kingdom on 12 April 1940 and relations with Denmark were interrupted, the Løgting actually functioned as a legislative assembly, and the Faroes had their own government consisting of the Amtmaður Carl Aage Hilbert and ministers appointed by the Løgting.
Finally a public vote was held on 14 September 1946 where the electorate was to choose between a Danish proposition of Home rule and full secession from Denmark.
The result was a marginal majority of 161 votes for secession from Denmark (48.7% in favour, 47.2% against, 4.1% blank or spoilt).
The republican coalition majority in parliament interpreted the results as a resolve by the Faroese people for full Faroese independence from Denmark and started the process of secession as well as establishing proper governing bodies for an independent Faroese nation.
The Government of Denmark contested the legality of this process, and on 25 September the King of Denmark signed a document dissolving the Faroese parliament and a new election was held a few months later.
This election resulted in a significant majority of 2,000 votes for the parties favoring a union with Denmark, and a new unionist coalition was formed.
Based on their growth in votes they chose not to pass the secession, but as a compromise, the Home Rule Act was constituted and came into force on 1 April 1948.
As it was then, this election is still today shrouded in controversy, and there exist two popular stances in this discussion.
On one hand, some people argue that there was a resolve in favor of independence, as there actually was a factual majority for secession, even if it was a small one.
On the other hand, other people argue that the majority was far too small, as there were in fact only 161 more votes for independence, and this side specifically argues that only a qualified majority can be large enough grounds to pass a vote of such social and political consequence.
With the passing of a new statute in 1995 parliamentarism was legally adopted, and at the same time the structure and functions of the Løgting were modernised.
According to the Faroese Home Rule Act the organization of internal affairs is solely within the province of the Faroese Parliament.
1. of this act the division of legal power concerning matters taken over by the Home Rule is now shared jointly between the Faroese Parliament and the Prime Minister, executive power rests with the Government whereas judicial power in such matters rests with the Danish courts.
The Parliament is elected for a period of four years, and the maximum membership is 32 members who are elected in public, secret, and direct elections.
The Chairman of the Parliament after having had talks with the party leaders submits a proposal for a new Prime Minister, a vote is taken, and if a majority of the members reject the candidate then the proposal is rejected, otherwise the candidate is accepted.
Neither the Prime Minister nor a minister may hold their seats if a vote no confidence is put forward and 17 MPs are opposed.
The Løgting has 7 standing committees which in accordance with the order of business of the Faroese Parliament are elected for the duration of the election period unless the members of the Parliament agree on electing the committees anew.
The parliament is typically split into four main parties, each of which typically get around 20% in elections: The conservative-liberal Union Party, the Social Democratic Party, the liberal-conservative People's Party, and the democratic socialist Republic, who each take a unique position on left/right and independence/unionism axis.
In addition, there are three smaller parties with representation: the classical-liberal Progress, the liberal New Self-Government, and the Christian democratic Centre party.
At the first meeting the Prime Minister (Løgmaður) delivers his Saint Olaf’s Day address, in which he gives a general description of the state of the nation.
In these former times was the Løgting only held one time the year starting with Ólavsøka and sitting 8 days from 6 in the morning to 3 in the afternoon, with church service each day, and all priests of the Faroes attendant.
The protocols of the Løgting assemblies and its other archives from 1852 up to the present are kept at the Faroese National Archive in Tórshavn.
Thus the Faroese Løgting is a parliament with an exceptionally well-documented history, where the archives in fact cover the period right from 1298 to the present.
There are only a very few parliaments in Europe with archives preserved to the same extent where the records are continuous both through time and in their contents.
The Løgting's archives from 1615 to 1816 contain similar rich sources of material on all aspects of the history of the Faroes in that period.
The Løgting's archives for the period from 1852 to the present also provide the most important source of information on the more recent and latest political history of the Faroes.
The Faroese cultural heritage is founded on this abundance of source material, which is thus at the very heart of the Faroese identity and sense of history right from the landnam period to the present time.
The Peace of Breda, often referred to as the Treaty of Breda was signed in the Dutch town of Breda, on 31 July 1667.
It consisted of three separate treaties between England and each of its opponents in the Second Anglo-Dutch War: the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark–Norway.
This changed after the French invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in late May, which the Dutch viewed as a more serious threat.
War weariness in England was increased by the June Medway Raid and the two factors led to a rapid agreement of terms.
Prior to 1667, the Anglo-Dutch relationship was dominated by commercial conflict; the Treaty did not end this entirely but tensions markedly decreased and cleared the way for the 1668 Triple Alliance between the Republic, England and Sweden.
With the brief anomaly of the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War, it marked the beginning of an alliance between the two that lasted for the next century.
The Second Anglo-Dutch War was caused by commercial tensions, heightened by Charles II, who saw trade as a way to reduce his financial dependence on Parliament.
Other investors included senior politicians such as George Carteret, Shaftesbury and Arlington, creating a strong link between the RAC and government policy.
Huge profits from Asian spices led to conflict even in times of peace, as the Dutch East India Company, or VOC, first created, then enforced, their monopoly over production and trade.
These had been established by the British East India Company in 1616, before being evicted by the VOC in 1620; when the English re-occupied Run in late 1664, the Dutch expelled them, this time destroying the plantations.
There was a similar struggle over the Atlantic trade between the Dutch West-Indische Compagnie, or WIC, and competitors from Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal and England.
Sugar plantations in the Americas were cultivated by slaves from Africa, fed by colonies in North America, leading to conflict in all three regions.
In August 1664, the English occupied New Netherland, later renamed New York; when another attack took WIC slave trade posts in modern Ghana, the Dutch sent a fleet to recapture them.
Despite the Franco-Dutch treaty of April 1662, Louis XIV initially remained neutral, as French and Dutch economic interests increasingly diverged over the Spanish Netherlands.
Louis considered the Spanish Netherlands his by right of marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain but hoped to acquire them peacefully.
Negotiations with the Dutch continually broke down over Antwerp; by 1663, he concluded they would never make concessions voluntarily and began planning a military intervention.
In early 1665, England signed an alliance with Sweden against the Dutch, who suffered a serious defeat at Lowestoft in June, followed by an invasion from Münster.
Louis responded to these setbacks by activating the 1662 treaty, calculating this would make it harder for the Dutch to oppose his occupation of the Spanish Netherlands.
Frederick II had secretly agreed to help the English capture the fleet in return for a share of the profits, but his instructions arrived too late.
By late 1666, Charles was short of money, largely due to his refusal to recall Parliament, while English trade had been badly affected by the war and domestic disasters.
In contrast, the Dutch economy had largely recovered from its post-1665 contraction, while public debt was lower in 1667 than 1652; however, naval warfare was enormously expensive and financing it a challenge even for the Amsterdam markets.
Both sides wanted peace, since the Dutch had little to gain from continuing the war and faced external challenges from competitors.
Denmark resented concessions imposed at Christianopel in 1647, while the WIC's confiscation of Danish ships was an ongoing source of dispute; in early 1667, they joined Sweden and France in imposing tariffs on Dutch goods, impacting the Baltic grain trade.
In October 1666, Charles began talks with the States-General of the Netherlands, under the pretext of arrangements to return the body of Vice-Admiral William Berkeley, killed in the Four Days' Battle.
He invited the Dutch to negotiations in London and agreed not to seek the appointment of his nephew William as stadtholder as he had demanded in 1665; in return, he insisted on payment of damages, the return of Run and a trade deal on India.
The States-General refused to attend peace talks without France; on territorial claims, they offered to continue the present situation, or revert to the position before the war, an option clearly unacceptable to the English.
It is questionable how sincere this offer from Charles actually was, since his envoy in Paris, the Earl of St Albans, was simultaneously holding secret talks on an Anglo-French alliance.
Louis agreed to ensure the Dutch complied with English demands, in exchange for a free hand in the Spanish Netherlands; by April 1667, diplomats in The Hague were predicting a deal was imminent.
Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and the States of Holland rejected English proposals to negotiate in The Hague, a town dominated by the Orangist opposition.
The parties eventually settled on Breda, but French military preparations led the Orangists to accuse De Witt of deliberately stalling to allow Louis a free hand in the Spanish Netherlands.
This put De Witt under pressure to reach agreement, which increased after France and Portugal agreed an anti-Spanish alliance in March.
The role of mediator in peace talks provided prestige and the opportunity to build relationships; since Louis and Leopold both wanted the position, they compromised by using Swedish diplomats.
Key players in the vital Baltic trade in grain, iron and shipping supplies, the Swedes hoped to remove commercial concessions imposed by the Republic in the 1656 Treaty of Elbing and end its alliance with Denmark.
Göran Fleming was based at Breda, with Peter Coyet in The Hague; after Coyet died on 8 June, he was replaced by Count Dohna, who was instructed to negotiate a Swedish-English-French alliance if talks at Breda failed.
Two of the three were Orangists, Zeelandic Pensionary Pieter de Huybert and Friesland's van Jongestall; the delegate from Holland, Van Beverningh, was a member of De Witt's States Party.
On 27 May, the Anglo-Spanish Treaty of Madrid formally concluded the 1654 to 1660 war and in return for commercial concessions, England agreed to mediate with Portugal.
Backed by assurances from Louis that he would force the Dutch to agree concessions, the English increased their demands and Van Beverningh told De Witt a major military victory was needed to improve their bargaining position.
The Dutch took full advantage in the June Medway Raid; although the action itself had limited strategic impact, it was a humiliation Charles never forgot.
Holles and Coventry initially assumed this would extend negotiations, but the need to create an alliance against France meant Spain threatened to withhold implementation of the Madrid treaty, supported by Leopold.
Article One of the Anglo-Dutch treaty stipulated a limited military alliance, obliging fleets or single ships sailing on the same course to defend each other against a third party.
Article Three established the principle of uti possidetis, or 'what you have, you hold', the cut-off date being 20 May (NS).
The Dutch kept Willoughbyland, now part of modern Surinam, and Run, the English retained New Netherland, which later became the colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
Articles Four through Eight applied this principle to all losses of goods or ships, including those that occurred before the war.
To allow time to communicate these, Article Seven varied the date on which they would be enforced: 5 September for the English Channel and the North Sea, 5 October for the other European seas, 2 November for the African coast north of the equator and 24 April 1668 for the rest of the world.
Article Ten required all prisoners to be exchanged without ransom, although the Dutch later demanded reimbursement of their living expenses, which the English viewed as the same thing.
In Articles Thirteen and Seventeen, both sides undertook not to protect each other's rebels; in a secret annex, the Dutch also agreed to extradite any remaining regicides, those responsible for the execution of Charles I of England in 1649.
A separate commercial treaty amended the Navigation Acts; goods transported along the Rhine or Scheldt to Amsterdam could be carried by Dutch ships to England without being subject to tariffs.
In addition, England returned the French possessions of Cayenne and Acadia, captured in 1667 and 1654 respectively, although the exact boundaries were not specified and handover delayed until 1670.
After the treaties were signed on 31 July, they were sent to each country for ratification; the process was completed by 24 August and followed by public celebrations in Breda.
By exchanging the New Netherlands and Run, Breda removed two major areas of dispute, reducing Anglo-Dutch tensions overall and clearing the way for the 1668 Triple Alliance between the Republic, Sweden and England.
The Alliance is often credited with forcing France to return most of their gains at Aix-la-Chapelle, whereas the terms had already been agreed by Louis and Leopold in January 1668.
However, it marked the point when the English and Dutch came to see France as a common threat; although Charles' preference for a French alliance led to the 1670 Treaty of Dover, the long term trend was against him.
Widespread support for re-asserting English naval power provided limited backing in the Third Anglo-Dutch War but ended once that had been achieved.
When Zeeland and Friesland, in response to the French advance, proposed William be made Captain-General of the Dutch States Army, the States of Holland responded on 5 August with the Perpetual Edict.
This abolished the position of Stadholder of Holland, while a second resolution agreed to oppose that any confederate Captain-General or Admiral-General would become stadtholder of another province.
Since the army was viewed as an Orangist power base, spending on it was deliberately minimised; this had catastrophic effects in 1672.
Breda was also a success for Sweden, who used their position as mediators to improve the Elbing provisions, break the Dutch-Danish agreement and join the Triple Alliance.
The Spanish regained Franche-Comte and most of the Spanish Netherlands; more significantly, the Dutch now viewed them as a better neighbour than an ambitious France.
Overall, the Dutch considered Breda and the creation of the Alliance as a diplomatic triumph, while the period following is often considered the high point of the Dutch Golden Age.
The Inatsisartut (; '), also known as the Parliament of Greenland in English, is the unicameral parliament (legislative branch) of Greenland, an autonomous territory in the Danish realm.
The speaker is nominated by the prime minister immediately following a general election and is confirmed by members; the speaker appoints four deputies.
Pearlite is a two-phased, lamellar (or layered) structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite (87.5 wt%) and cementite (12.5 wt%) that occurs in some steels and cast irons.
The eutectoid composition of austenite is approximately 0.76% carbon; steel with less carbon content (hypoeutectoid steel) will contain a corresponding proportion of relatively pure ferrite crystallites that do not participate in the eutectoid reaction and cannot transform into pearlite.
The proportion of ferrite and cementite forming above the eutectoid point can be calculated from the iron/iron—carbide equilibrium phase diagram using the lever rule.
Such wires, often bundled into ropes, are commercially used as piano wires, ropes for suspension bridges, and as steel cord for tire reinforcement.
Some hypereutectoid pearlitic steel wires, when cold wire drawn to true (logarithmic) strains above 5, can even show a maximal tensile strength above 6 GPa.
It has been recently shown that cold wire drawing not only strengthens pearlite by refining the lamellae structure, but also simultaneously causes partial chemical decomposition of cementite, associated with an increased carbon content of the ferrite phase, deformation induced lattice defects in ferrite lamellae, and even a structural transition from crystalline to amorphous cementite.
The deformation-induced decomposition and microstructural change of cementite is closely related to several other phenomena such as a strong redistribution of carbon and other alloy elements like silicon and manganese in both the cementite and the ferrite phase; a variation of the deformation accommodation at the phase interfaces due to a change in the carbon concentration gradient at the interfaces; and mechanical alloying.
Pearlite was first identified by Henry Clifton Sorby and initially named sorbite, however the similarity of microstructure to nacre and especially the optical effect caused by the scale of the structure made the alternative name more popular.
Bainite is a similar structure with lamellae much smaller than the wavelength of visible light and thus lacks this pearlescent appearance.
Eutectoid steel can in principle be transformed completely into pearlite; hypoeutectoid steels can also be completely pearlitic if transformed at a temperature below the normal eutectoid.
This list contains all municipalities incorporated as cities in New York state and shows the county in which each city is located.
The most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far New York, home to 8,175,133 people and comprising just over of land ( including water).
Gilbert James McDougald (May 19, 1928 – November 28, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) infielder who spent ten major league seasons playing for the New York Yankees from 1951 through 1960.
He was an All-Star for five seasons, and was a member of eight American League pennant-winning teams and five World Series champion teams.
He was known for hitting a line drive that severely injured pitcher Herb Score's right eye during a game at Municipal Stadium in .
McDougald was born in San Francisco, the younger of two sons born to William James McDougald and his wife, the former Ella McGuire.
During this time, he played with the local Boston Braves feeder team, the Bayside Braves, where he adopted his unorthodox but effective batting stance.
On May 3 of that year, he tied a major league record, since broken, by batting in six runs in one inning.
Later in the year, in the World Series, he became the first rookie to hit a grand slam home run in the Series.
He was a versatile player, playing all the infield positions except first base: 599 games at second base, 508 games at third, and 284 at shortstop.
He was an All-Star in , , , , and , playing in four of the six games that were played (two All-Star games were held in 1959).
McDougald led all American League infielders in double plays at three different positions – at third base (), at second base () and shortstop ().
On May 7, , McDougald, batting against Herb Score of the Cleveland Indians, hit a line drive that hit Score in the right eye.
Only two years before, McDougald was struck in the left ear during batting practice by a ball hit by teammate Bob Cerv.
Though initially believed to be a concussion (he missed only a few games), McDougald soon lost the hearing in his left ear and later also in his right.
In , McDougald was given the Lou Gehrig Memorial Award, which is awarded annually by the Phi Delta Theta fraternity (to which Gehrig belonged) at Columbia University.
His last appearance was in Game Seven of the 1960 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates; as a pinch runner in the top of the ninth, he scored on Yogi Berra's ground ball to tie the game at 9–9.
McDougald said he made up his mind to retire during the World Series and that his inclusion by the Yankees on a list of players eligible to be selected in the 1960 Expansion Draft had nothing to do with his decision.
He resigned this position due to his worsening hearing loss, a result of being hit in the head by a line drive during batting practice in 1955.
His hearing was somewhat restored by a cochlear implant he received during surgery at the New York University Medical Center in 1994.
This is a list of villages in New York, which includes all 534 villages in the U.S. state of New York.
Since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in Cattaraugus County, three in Oneida County, two each in Chautauqua County, St. Lawrence County and Wayne County, one each in Essex County, Jefferson County, Seneca County, Washington County and Oswego County as well as Keeseville in Clinton and Essex counties), while one new village was created in Suffolk County (Mastic Beach).
The village of Van Etten in Chemung County and the village of Harrisville in Lewis County were both dissolved on December 31, 2018, while the village of Morristown in St. Lawrence County was dissolved on December 31, 2019.
Most villages in New York are located within a single town and county, but some villages are located in more than one town.
Caribbean (1989) is an historical novel written by James A. Michener, which describes and explores the history of the Caribbean region from the pre-Columbian period of the native Arawak tribes until about 1990.
For example, the story about the island of All Saints is purely fictional, though the book's map shows it as an island in the location of Saint Lucia.
Although Welsh Labour were the biggest party, they did not gain enough seats to form a majority government and instead entered into coalition with the Liberal Democrats.
The election was marked by the historically high level of support for Plaid Cymru, who won their highest share of the vote in any Wales-wide election and, as of 2016, their highest number of seats in an Assembly election to date.
The party won considerable support in traditionally safe Labour areas such as the South Wales Valleys, winning Rhondda and Islwyn and narrowly failing to win a number of other seats.
In category theory, Met is a category that has metric spaces as its objects and metric maps (continuous functions between metric spaces that do not increase any pairwise distance) as its morphisms.
As an example, the inclusion of the rational numbers into the real numbers is a monomorphism and an epimorphism, but it is clearly not an isomorphism; this example shows that Met is not a balanced category.
Any metric space has a smallest injective metric space into which it can be isometrically embedded, called its metric envelope or tight span.
The product of a finite set of metric spaces in Met is a metric space that has the cartesian product of the spaces as its points; the distance in the product space is given by the supremum of the distances in the base spaces.
However, the product of an infinite set of metric spaces may not exist, because the distances in the base spaces may not have a supremum.
Met is not the only category whose objects are metric spaces; others include the category of uniformly continuous functions, the category of Lipschitz functions and the category of quasi-Lipschitz mappings.
Trap streets are often nonexistent streets; but sometimes, rather than actually depicting a street where none exists, a map will misrepresent the nature of a street in a fashion that can still be used to detect copyright violators but is less likely to interfere with navigation.
For instance, a map might add nonexistent bends to a street, or depict a major street as a narrow lane, without changing its location or its connections to other streets.
One known case is a popular driver's atlas for the city of Athens, Greece, which has a warning inside its front cover that potential copyright violators should beware of trap streets.
It has been suggested that Google Earth placed Sandy Island, New Caledonia as the geographical analogue to a trap street, although historical evidence implies that it originated as a cartographical error and Google simply passed the error along.
In a 2001 case, The Automobile Association in the United Kingdom agreed to settle a case for £20,000,000 when it was caught copying Ordnance Survey maps.
The Singapore Land Authority stated in its case that there were deliberate errors in maps they had provided to Virtual Map years earlier.
Due to a psychic field that subconsciously makes observers ignore it, outsiders consider it a trap street when they see it on maps.
There are between 250 and 300 islands in the group according to different sources, with an aggregate area of and a height up to .
The islands are sparsely populated and are famous for their beaches, blue lagoons and the peculiar umbrella-like shapes of many of the islands themselves.
The Rock Islands and the surrounding reefs make up Palau's popular tourist sites such as Blue Corner, Blue hole, German Channel, Ngermeaus Island and the famed Jellyfish Lake, one of the many Marine lakes in the Rock Islands that provides home and safety for several kinds of stingless jellyfish found only in Palau.
It is the most popular dive destination in Palau, and offers some of the best and most diverse dive sites on the planet.
From wall diving to high current drift dives, from Manta Rays to sharkfeeds an from shallow and colorful lagoons to brilliantly decorated caves and overhangs.
The islands are the location of Dolphin Bay - where there is a staff of vets and trainers that educate about the life of dolphins.
Many of the islands' display a mushroom-like shape with a smaller base at the intertidal notch than what lies above it.
The indentation comes from erosion and from the dense community of sponges, bivalves, chitons, snails, urchins and others that graze mostly on algae.
Alexey Alexeyevich Troitsky, or Alexei, Troitzky, or Troitzki () (March 14, 1866–August 1942) is considered to have been one of the greatest composers of chess endgame studies.
Born on May 18, 1931 in Paterson, New Jersey, and raised in nearby Brookside and Morristown, Martin studied illustration and fine art at Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts between 1949 and 1951 and subsequently graduated from the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia in 1952.
In 1953, he worked briefly as a window trimmer and frame maker before providing paste ups and mechanicals for various offset printing clients and beginning his career as freelance cartoonist and illustrator.
He underwent two corneal transplants: the first in 1949, at the age of 18, and the second forty years later in 1989.
After the first procedure, Martin's head had to be held in place for three days by a pair of sandbags to prevent movement.
In another gag, a man is flattened by a steamroller but is saved by the intervention of two passersby, who fold him as a paper airplane and throw him to the nearest hospital.
Martin's immediately recognizable drawing style (which featured bulbous noses and the iconic hinged foot) was loose, rounded, and filled with broad slapstick.
His characters often had ridiculous, rhyming names such as Fester Bestertester or Fonebone (which was expanded to Freenbean I. Fonebone in at least one strip), as well as Lance Parkertip, Noted Notary Public.
His people are big-nosed schmoes with sleepy eyes, puffs of wiry hair, and what appear to be life preservers under the waistline of their clothes.
Their hands make delicate little mincing gestures and their strangely thin, elongated feet take a 90-degree turn at the toes as they step forward.
Martin puts the bodies of these characters through every kind of permutation, treating them as much like gadgets as the squirting flowers and joy buzzers that populate his gags: glass eyes pop out from a pat on the back; heads are steamrollered into manhole-cover shapes.
I even kept a record to see how long it took me to do the pencils, and how long it took me to do the inks, but it still ended up being seven days a week for a couple of months.
However, he then drew impromptu lifesized character masks, which Martin, his wife and children obligingly wore over their faces for the published portrait.
He received the National Cartoonists Society's Special Features Award in both 1981 and 1982, and he was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 2004.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Louisiana is the 25th most populous state with inhabitants and the 33rd largest by land area spanning of land.
Louisiana is divided into 64 parishes, which are equivalent to counties, and contains 308 incorporated municipalities consisting of four consolidated city-parishes, and 304 cities, towns, and villages.
According to the 2015 Louisiana Laws Revised Statutes, residents of any unincorporated area may propose to incorporate as a municipality if the area meets prescribed minimum population thresholds.
Those having five thousand inhabitants or more are classified as cities; those having less than five thousand but more than one thousand inhabitants are classified as towns; and those having one thousand or fewer inhabitants are classified as villages.
The governor may change the classification of the municipality if the board of aldermen requests a change and a census shows that the population has increased or decreased making it eligible for a different classification.
Municipalities are granted powers to perform functions required by local governments including the levy and collection of taxes and to assume indebtedness.
The largest municipality by population in Louisiana in 2010 is New Orleans with 343,829 residents, and the smallest is Mound with 19 residents.
External loan (or foreign debt) is the total debt which the residents of a country owe to foreign creditors; its complement is internal debt which is owed to domestic lenders.
The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.
Note that the use of gross liability figures greatly distorts the ratio for countries which contain major money centers such as the United Kingdom due to London's role as a financial capital.
Sustainable debt is the level of debt which allows a debtor country to meet its current and future debt service obligations in full, without recourse to further debt relief or rescheduling, avoiding accumulation of arrears, while allowing an acceptable level of economic growth.
These scenarios are numerical evaluations that take account of expectations of the behavior of economic variables and other factors to determine the conditions under which debt and other indicators would stabilize at reasonable levels, the major risks to the economy, and the need and scope for policy adjustment.
In these analyses, macroeconomic uncertainties, such as the outlook for the current account, and policy uncertainties, such as for fiscal policy, tend to dominate the medium-term outlook.
While each has its own advantage and peculiarity to deal with particular situations, there is no unanimous opinion amongst economists as to a sole indicator.
These indicators are primarily in the nature of ratios—i.e., comparison between two heads and the relation thereon and thus facilitate the policy makers in their external debt management exercise.
A second set of indicators focuses on the short-term liquidity requirements of the country with respect to its debt service obligations.
These indicators are not only useful early-warning signs of debt service problems, but also highlight the impact of the inter-temporal trade-offs arising from past borrowing decisions.
The final indicators are more forward-looking, as they point out how the debt burden will evolve over time, given the current stock of data and average interest rate.
The dynamic ratios show how the debt-burden ratios would change in the absence of repayments or new disbursements, indicating the stability of the debt burden.
An example of a dynamic ratio is the ratio of the average interest rate on outstanding debt to the growth rate of nominal GDP.
It is located primarily in the caudal portions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus on the mediobasal and lateral surfaces at the caudal extreme of the temporal lobe.
Cytoarchitecturally, it is bounded caudally by the peristriate Brodmann area 19, rostrally by the inferior temporal area 20 and middle temporal area 21, and dorsally on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere by the angular area 39 (H) (Brodmann-1909).
Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, the middle temporal area 21, the superior temporal area 22 and the ectorhinal area 36 (Brodmann-1909).
The uncinate fasciculus provides a direct bidirectional path to the orbitofrontal cortex, allowing mnemonic representations stored in the temporal pole to bias decision making in the frontal lobe.
The temporal pole appears to be a convergence zone where concepts (also known as semantic memories) that are stored in the ventral anterior temporal lobe are imbued with emotional significance and personal meaning.
This relates to early work showing that damage to the temporal pole can cause an amnestic prosopanosia in which knowledge of familiar people is lost.
This area is among the earliest affected by Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and is commonly involved at the start of temporal lobe seizures.
Genrikh Kasparyan (; 27 February 1910 in Tbilisi – 27 December 1995 in Yerevan) is considered to have been one of the greatest composers of chess endgame studies.
He was awarded the titles of International Judge of Chess Compositions in 1956 and International Grandmaster of Chess Composition in 1972, the first composer to receive this title from FIDE .
Kasparyan was also an active chess player, winning the Armenian championship ten times (from 1934 to 1956, including two ties with future World Champion Tigran Petrosian) and the Tiflis championship three times (1931, 1937, 1945).
He wrote several books and collections and composed about 600 studies, many on the theme of domination, winning 57 first prizes.
He was educated at the Gymnasium at Dessau, at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau, and at the universities of Breslau, Berlin, and Halle.
In terms of its cytoarchitecture, it is bounded rostrally by the supramarginal area 40 (H), dorsally and caudally by the peristriate area 19, and ventrally by the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909).
Area 39 was regarded by Alexander Luria as a part of the parietal-temporal-occipital area, which includes Brodmann area 40, Brodmann area 19, and Brodmann area 37.
Most descriptions make it an antelope- or goat-like four-legged creature with the tusks of a boar and large horns that it can swivel in any direction.
It had been used as a supporter for the arms of John, Duke of Bedford, and by England's House of Beaufort.
Henry Tudor’s mother, Lady Margaret (1443–1509), was a Beaufort, and the Beaufort heraldic legacy inherited by both her and her son included the yale.
Lady Margaret Beaufort was a benefactor of Cambridge's Christ's College and St John's College and her yale supporters can be seen on the college gatehouses.
The Yale of Beaufort was one of the Queen's Beasts commissioned for the coronation in 1953; the plaster originals are in Canada, stone copies are at Kew Gardens, outside the palm house.
Although the school's primary sports mascot is a bulldog named Handsome Dan, the yale can be found throughout the university campus.
The mythical beast occupies two quadrants of the coat of arms of the Yale Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS), playfully representing the intellectual curiosity and inquiry of the FAS faculty.
The yale is also depicted on the official banner of the president of the university, which, along with a wooden mace capped by a yale's head, is carried and displayed during commencement exercises each spring.
The historiography of the Ottoman Empire refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to develop a history of the Ottoman Dynasty's empire.
Historians and their ideas are the focus here; specific lands and historical dates and episodes are covered in the article on the Ottoman Empire.
Scholars have long studied the Empire, looking at the causes for its formation (such as the Ghaza thesis), its relations to the Great Powers (such as Sick man of Europe) and other empires (such as Transformation of the Ottoman Empire), and the kinds of people who became imperialists or anti-imperialists (such as the Young Turks), together with their mindsets.
The history of the breakdown of the Empire (such as Ottoman decline thesis) has attracted scholars of the histories of the Middle East (such as Partition of the Ottoman Empire), and Greece (Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire).
Ottoman history has been rewritten for political and cultural advantage and speculative theories rife with inconsistent research, ahistorical assumptions and embedded biases.
The Ottoman Archives are a collection of historical sources related to the Ottoman Empire and a total of 39 nations whose territories one time or the other were part of this Empire, including 19 nations in the Middle East, 11 in the EU and Balkans, three in the Caucasus, two in Central Asia, Cyprus, as well as Palestine and the Republic of Turkey.
The story describes a dream experienced by Osman while staying in the home of a religious figure, Sheikh Edebali, in which he sees a metaphorical vision predicting the growth and prosperity of an empire to be ruled by him and his descendants.
However there are other thesis addresses the question of how the Ottomans were able to expand from a small principality on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire into a centralized, intercontinental empire.
According to the Ghaza thesis, the Ottomans accomplished this by attracting recruits to fight for them in the name of Islamic holy war against the non-believers.
The Ghaza Thesis dominated early Ottoman historiography throughout much of the twentieth century before coming under increasing criticism beginning in the 1980s.
Historians now generally reject the Ghaza Thesis, and consequently the idea that Ottoman expansion was primarily fueled by holy war, but are conflicted with regard to what to replace it with.
Arabs and Turks in seeking a new identity and foundation for their states exhibited similar hostility, preferring to go back to the Pharaohs, Kings of Babylon and the Hittites of pre-Ottoman Anatolia.
Doumani’s study of the Arab region of Ottoman Palestine notes, ...most Arab nationalists view the entire Ottoman era as a period of oppressive Turkish rule which stifled Arab culture and socioeconomic development and paved the way for European colonial control and the Zionist takeover of Palestine...
Many twentieth-century scholars argued that power of the Ottoman Empire began waning after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the empire went into decline, a concept known as the Ottoman Decline Thesis.
Since the late 1970s, however, historians increasingly came to question the idea of Ottoman decline, and now there is a consensus among academic historians that the Ottoman Empire did not decline.
It was founded in March 1886, four years before the territory was admitted as the 44th state, and opened in September 1887.
The University of Wyoming consists of seven colleges: agriculture and natural resources, arts and sciences, business, education, engineering and applied sciences, health sciences, and law.
In addition to on-campus classes in Laramie, the university's Outreach School offers more than 41 degree, certificate and endorsement programs to distance learners across the state and beyond.
The Outreach School has nine regional centers in the state, with several on community college campuses, to give Wyoming residents access to a university education without relocating to Laramie.
The main stone used is rough-cut sandstone from a quarry east of Laramie and the trim stone is smooth Potsdam Sandstone from a quarry near Rawlins.
Old Main was designed to be a monumental structure and was designed to be a symmetrical building with a prominent central spire as the focal point.
The building was also designed to reflect the character of Wyoming and the rough stone and smooth trim represented the progressing frontier.
The design of Old Main had a lasting effect on university structures, which is most visible by the use of sandstone façade on nearly every building.
In 1916, the central spire was removed due to structural concerns and the auditorium was reduced in size during a 1936 renovation.
Prexy's Pasture is a large grassy area located within a ring of classroom and administrative buildings and serves as the center mall of the campus.
Prexy's, as it is often called today, is also known for the unique pattern formed by concrete pathways that students and faculty use to cross the pasture.
When the University of Wyoming first opened its doors in 1887, Prexy's Pasture was nothing more than an actual pasture covered in native grasses.
The football team played their games on the pasture until 1922, when Corbett Field opened at the southeast corner of campus.
In February 1965, the Board of Trustees decided to construct the new science center on the west side of Prexy's Pasture.
The uproar that followed caused the board to decide on a new location for the science center and resulted in a new state statute making it necessary for any new structure built on the pasture to receive legislative approval.
This step involved removing the asphalt roadway that circled the pasture and replacing it with concrete walkways to make the area a walking campus, as recommended by the 1966 and 1991 Campus Master Plans.
The second phase of the project involves the construction of a plaza at each corner featuring trees and rocks styled after the rocky outcrops of nearby Vedauwoo.
Also, outside of its primary use by students travelling to and from classes or socializing, the area is also host to campus barbecues and fall welcome events.
In September 1937, the university obtained a Public Works Administration loan during the Great Depression for $149,250 for construction of a student union.
Offices for student government, committees, organizations, and publications were included to help meet the political and organizational needs of the student population.
This section, added to the northeast of the original structure, expanded the ballroom, created a lounge area and senate chambers adjacent to the ballroom, created the main lobby and breezeway, and provided a larger food area called The Gardens.
In 1973, an addition to the north was completed to create a food court, more space for the bookstore, and additional offices.
Also, parts of the original building were remodeled to create the Campus Activities Center, an art gallery, and a ticket outlet.
The $12 million project moved the food court to the main level, expanded the bookstore to the lower level, and revitalized the look and feel of the interior.
The Half Acre Gym facility was constructed in 1925 to house the National Guard Armory of Laramie as well as the athletic programs until the field house was built in 1951.
In order to fund this project, the University had received a $100,000 gift from the Wyoming State Legislature designated to be used for new buildings such as a library, the gymnasium and armory, a new power plant, an engineering building, and expansion of Hoyt Hall dormitory.
In 2012, The University announced a $27 million renovation to begin in the Spring of 2013, and be completed by the Fall of 2014.
Groathouse Construction, a local construction management firm, carried out the project in two phases to allow maximum use of the facility while undergoing construction.
Phase One would consist of the demolition and recreation of the east portion of the building, and Phase Two would include the reopening of the east portion, and the closure and construction of the west portion which is the historical section of the building.
The improvements, according to the University of Wyoming's web site, included elevators, added classrooms, a space for athletic training, new racquetball courts, a climbing wall for Bouldering, a dance studio, a jogging/walking track, and new locker rooms with access to the pool.
William Robertson Coe, a financier and philanthropist, came to the aid of president Humphrey in 1954 by contributing $750,000 in securities to the university.
Laramie architects Eliot and Clinton Hitchcock, whose father had designed Aven Nelson, teamed up with the Porter and Porter firm in Cheyenne to design the new library.
This structure, designed by Kellogg and Kellogg of Cheyenne and Rock Springs, almost doubled the shelf space of the original Coe Library.
The most recent renovation of the library was completed in the fall of 2009 and officially dedicated on November 19, 2009.
The Classroom Building, dedicated in 1971 at a cost of $1.75 million, is designed to be a general purpose building for the university.
The placement and unique design, by the local architects W. Eliot and Clinton A. Hitchcock, makes it the focal point of the George Duke Humphrey Science Center.
The building also contains four interior mosaics, designed by UW art professors James Boyle, Joseph Deaderick, Richard Evans and Victor Flach, that represent the quadrant of Wyoming they face.
The goal of the renovation was to incorporate new technology and redesign the seating to better meet the needs of students who carry laptops and backpacks.
The four residence halls (Orr, White, Downey, and McIntyre) are connected together via the Washakie Dining Center, which contains the main dining hall and other student services.
Downey Hall is an eight-story tall dormitory located southwest of the Washakie Dining Center and is named after Dr. June Etta Downey.
Located west of the Washakie Dining Center is the twelve-story dormitory known as White Hall, which is named after Dr. Laura Amanda White.
At twelve stories and 146 feet, White Hall is the second tallest building in the state of Wyoming, just two feet shy of the Wyoming Financial Center in Cheyenne.
Currently there are apartment units in a variety of layouts in the River Village, Bison Run, Landmark and Spanish Walk apartment complexes.
The museum's collections include art in many media from around the world, including European and American paintings, prints, sculpture and drawings, 18th and 19th century Japanese Ukiyo-e prints, 15th through 19th century Persian and Indian miniature paintings, 20th century Haitian art, 20th century Japanese netsuke, 20th century and contemporary photography, and Rapa Nui, African, and Native American artifacts.
Artists in the collection include Thomas Hart Benton, Ralston Crawford, Jun Kaneko, Hung Liu, Aristide Maillol, Joan Miró, Richard Misrach, Robert Rauschenberg and Paul Signac.
The University of Wyoming Geological Museum houses a collection of fossils and minerals with special focus on the history of Wyoming.
By the time the collection was moved to its current location in 1956, Knight's son Samuel Howell Knight had made the Geology Department famous around the country.
S.H Knight acquired many of the exhibits and paintings that are still on display, including the copper Tyrannosaurus at the entrance, the initial mounting of the Apatosaurus skeleton centerpiece and the terracotta Stegosaurus and Triceratops panels.
After substantial infrastructure upgrades, the museum reopened to the public on January 12, 2013, and resumed its regular hours with free admission.
The University of Wyoming Anthropology Museum is operated by the Anthropology Department and is located in the Anthropology Building at 12th and Lewis.
Geology, Archaeology, Botany, and Geography programs take advantage of Wyoming's unique environment, while International Studies, Sociology, and Political Science provide global context.
In 2010, the university announced that it had received its largest estate gift ever, from the artist Neltje Doubleday Kings, known as Neltje, consisting of her ranches, art collection, and other holdings.
When realized, the gift will create the UW Neltje Center for the Visual and Literary Arts, combining programs of three of the university's departments: creative writing, arts, and the art museum.
The College of Business is fully accredited at the undergraduate and graduate levels by AACSB, More than 100 business scholarships are awarded annually.
Both certificates and programs that lead to initial certification or endorsements by Wyoming's Professional Teaching Standards Board (PTSB) are offered for pre-service teachers.
Partnerships with Wyoming public schools provide for hands-on experience in real classrooms, and the on-campus, K-9 lab school provides a model of teaching and learning.
Offering 12 programs of study, the College of Engineering and Applied Science provides also undergraduate research opportunities, an International Engineering Program, and Earth Systems Science.
The College of Health Science offers programs in pharmacy, nursing, social work, kinesiology, communication disorders, and dental hygiene, and students have the opportunity to receive pre-professional advising.
In May 2017, it was announced that the University was seeking to change the Honors Program to the Honors College, and was searching for an Honors College Dean from within the current University faculty.
The University of Wyoming's Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) advances the understanding and resolution of environment and natural resource challenges through education, dissemination of information, and collaborative decision making support.
Its academic programs emphasize interdisciplinary learning, providing students with applied learning experiences that prepare them to consider multiple perspectives to address natural resource issues.
In 2016, The University announced that the Haub School would become a full academic college beginning in the 2017 Academic year.
Its location in the Rocky Mountain West has provided a direct connection to regional and global issues in environmental, natural resources, and energy law.
The alumni includes many state and federal judges, governors, senators and a former United States Ambassador to Ireland, and offers five clinical programs providing students with hands-on experience in the Brimmer Legal Education Center.
The mission of the University of Wyoming's Outreach School is to extend the University of Wyoming to the state and the world, and bring the world to Wyoming.
The University of Wyoming at Casper is a partnership between the University of Wyoming and Casper College and offers a small, residential campus experience.
Wyoming Public Media operates three radio services that cover 90% of Wyoming, as well as an online service and NPR news service.
The Institute assists Wyoming operators with EOR projects by applying existing technologies and creating new knowledge when necessary, maximize the economic potential, minimize the risk of EOR projects, facilitate the testing, evaluation, and documentation of EOR recommendations in the real world settings, and transfer the information to Wyoming producers by forming partnerships and conducting workshops and conferences.
The School of Energy Resources (SER) at the University of Wyoming was created in 2006 to enhance the university's energy-related education, research, and outreach.
The Associated Students of the University of Wyoming (ASUW) is the title of the student body at the University of Wyoming.
The university's Campus Sustainability Committee (CSC) advises all departments and program on sustainability matters and oversees the university's efforts and progress towards reducing its carbon footprint.
All new campus buildings are required to meet LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Silver certification of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).
Most of the Fraternities and the Honors House line the northern (Fraternity) road and Sororities and two fraternities line the southern (Sorority) road.
In 2016 and 2017 the University bought the 3 vacant houses (previously occupied by Pi Kappa Alpha, Alpha Tau Omega, and Pi Beta Phi) with the intention of demolishing the Pi Kappa Alpha house (as it had been condemned during its vacancy), and renovating and renting the Alpha Tau Omega and Pi Beta Phi houses.
The program was established in 1997 to provide a wide variety of educational training and to equip students to pursue adventures on their own.
A few examples of the trips offered are rock climbing, white water rafting, ice climbing, snowshoeing, backcountry skiing, and mountain biking.
Founded in the fall of 2000, the goal of SafeRide is to prevent drinking and driving by offering on call service Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights.
The driver of the vehicle is accompanied by a SafeRide SideKick to assist with the responsibilities of transporting the passengers and communicating with the dispatcher.
The University of Wyoming offers a separate transit service for passengers unable to ride the fixed routes due to a disability.
Transit & Parking Services also operates the Night Owl Express, which provides on-call service from 1:00 pm to 6:00 am on weekdays and 24 hours a day on the weekends.
Wyoming competes at the NCAA Division I level (FBS-Football Bowl Subdivision for football) as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
Wyoming's nine NCAA sports for women are: basketball; cross country; golf; soccer; swimming and diving; tennis; indoor track & field; outdoor track and field; and volleyball.
UW's eight NCAA sports for men are: basketball; cross country; football; golf; swimming and diving; indoor track and field; outdoor track and field; and wrestling.
In 1969 football coach Lloyd Eaton kicked 14 black players off the team for wanting to protest racist policies within Brigham Young University (BYU) and the LDS Church before a game with BYU.
Hermanis Matisons (also known as Herman Mattison; 1894, Riga – 1932) was a Latvian chess player and one of world's most highly regarded chess masters in the early 1930s.
Later that year he finished ahead of Fricis Apšenieks, and Edgard Colle to win the first World Amateur Championship, which was organized in conjunction with the Paris Olympic Games, followed by Max Euwe in 1928.
Matisons played first board for Latvia at the 1931 Chess Olympiad in Prague and defeated Akiba Rubinstein and Alexander Alekhine, then the reigning World Champion.
In color science, the dominant wavelength (and the corresponding complementary wavelength) are ways of characterizing any light mixture in terms of the monochromatic spectral light that evokes an identical (and the corresponding opposite) perception of hue.
For a given physical light mixture, the dominant and complementary wavelengths are not entirely fixed, but vary according to the illuminating light's precise color, called the white point, due to the color constancy of vision.
On the CIE color coordinate space , a straight line drawn between the point for a given color and the point for the color of the illuminant can be extrapolated out so that it intersects the perimeter of the space in two points.
For the purposes of this geometrical discussion, an analogy may be observed between the horseshoe shaped CIE 1931 color space and a circular slice of HSV color space, where the CIE flat spectrum white point at (1/3,1/3) is analogous to the HSV white point at (0,0).
The psychological perception of color is commonly thought of as a function of the power spectrum of light frequencies impinging on the photoreceptors of the retina.
In the simplest case of pure spectral light (also known as monochromatic), the spectrum of the light has power only in one narrow frequency band peak.
For these simple stimuli, there exists a continuum of perceived colors which changes as the frequency of the narrow band peak is changed.
This is the well known rainbow spectrum, which ranges from red at one end to blue and violet at the other (corresponding respectively to the long-wavelength and short-wavelength extremes of the visible range of electromagnetic radiation).
However, light in the natural world is almost never purely monochromatic; most natural light sources and reflected light from natural objects comprise spectra that have complex profiles, with varying power over many different frequencies.
A naive perspective might be that therefore all these different complex spectra would generate color perceptions completely different from those evoked in the rainbow of pure spectral light.
One can perhaps see intuitively that this is not correct: almost all hues in the natural world (purples being the exception, see below) are represented in the pure rainbow spectrum, although they may be darker or less saturated than they appear in the rainbow.
This is the result of the design of the eye: the three color photoreceptors in the retina (the cones) reduce the information in the light spectrum down to three activity coordinates.
In effect, for any single color perception, there is a whole parametric space in the power/frequency domain that maps to that one color.
For many power distributions of natural light, the set of spectra mapping to the same color perception also includes a stimulus that is a narrow band at a single frequency; i.e.
See CIE for the standard representation of color space, where the border is composed of a horseshoe curve representing the pure spectral colors, with a straight line completing the perimeter along the bottom and representing the mixtures of extreme red and blue/violet that give the pure purples.
The same argument applies to complementary colors; for many coordinates in the green area of CIE color space, there is a proper dominant wavelength but no proper complementary wavelength, but there is a complementary purple hue.
Sidney Earle Smith, (March 9, 1897 – March 17, 1959) was a noted academic and Canada's Secretary of State for External Affairs in the government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker.
In 1956, he was considered a possibility for the party's leadership, but decided not to run, disappointing those in the party establishment who wished to prevent the populist John Diefenbaker from becoming leader.
Sidney Smith Hall, the central building of the Faculty of Arts and Science at the University of Toronto, is named after him.
Formed in 1984 as a result of a merger of two motorsport departments, Nismo cars have participated in JSPC, JTCC, 24 Hours of Le Mans and 24 Hours of Daytona.
In 1984, Nissan decided that it wanted to merge its two motorsport divisions, founded through the 1960s, they were (known as Publication Division 3), based in its Oppama factory, responsible for the needs of privateer teams and (Special Car Testing Division), within its Ōmori plant, responsible for its factory operations.
The company's intention following the merger was to specialize in sportscar racing, but it also provided support for teams competing in the domestic F3 series.
The following year they developed the Skyline GT-R for racing as well as building the 500 evolution editions for road use.
Nismo designs and manufactures a range of aftermarket performance parts for Nissan cars including Aerodynamics parts such as spoilers and diffusers, alloy wheels, engine and suspension parts.
The 2017 Infiniti Q60, being much criticized for its mild exhaust sound, about six months after its introduction had a specially tuned Nismo muffler made available through Infiniti dealers as an aftermarket item.
for the KA24E engine, which was used in the Nissan small pickup truck for several years and also used for the 1989 and 1990 model years of 240SX, a popular car among Import scene enthusiasts (especially Drifters) in North America.
In Japan, the V35 Skyline and Z33 Fairlady have both received several levels of Nismo tuning packages (E-Type, S-Tune, R-Tune, and S1 packages), with a full track spec Fairlady Z debuted at the 2005 Nismo Festival of Speed held at (formerly) Fuji International Raceway.
Two versions were released, the first was a track-only model called the 380RS-C (C for competition), the second is a street model being sold at Nissan dealers.
Intended to celebrate the 2005 20th anniversary of Nismo, the 2003 cancellation of R34 production meant that Nismo was only able to create 20 cars, all based on second-hand V.spec units purchased back from customers with less than 30,000 km on the odometer.
However, the parts-conversion version, where the customer's Skyline GT-R's become the base car, sells for (, as of December 7, 2005).
The engine is an RB28DETT Z2 (a normal GT-R engine with a stroked displacement of 2.8 liters & Nismo parts designed specifically for the Z2).
These models stressed Nismo's link to street car tuning, and were developed (as was the Z-Tune GT-R) at their Chiba City tuning garage.
Nissan joined the IMSA GT Championship in 1979, where it competed in the GT classes with the 240SX, 280ZX and 300ZX.
Geoff Brabham won four GTP drivers championships with Nissan from 1988 to 1991, and the manufacturer won the 1992 24 Hours of Daytona and the 1989, 1990 and 1991 12 Hours of Sebring.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Nissan raced at the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship and 24 Hours of Le Mans with sports prototypes such as the R88C, R89C, R90C and R391.
In the 1980s, the manufacturer entered the Fuji Grand Champion Series with Group 5 Bluebird, Skyline and Silvia silhouettes and the Japanese Touring Car Championship with production Skyline models.
In the 1990s, Nissan competed in Supertouring championships around the world with the Nissan Primera, winning the 1999 British Touring Car Championship with Laurent Aïello.
Nismo currently participate in the Super GT as a team, where they have won multiple GT500 championships with Érik Comas, Satoshi Motoyama, Michael Krumm, Richard Lyons, Benoît Tréluyer, Tsugio Matsuda and Ronnie Quintarelli.
In 2009, Nissan entered the FIA GT1 World Championship with a Nismo-developed Nissan GT-R. Krumm and Lucas Luhr were 2011 drivers champions.
This allows factory drivers the chance to race in big events such as the Le Mans 24 Hours, the 24 Hours of Dubai and the Bathurst 12 Hour.
From 2011 to 2016, Nissan is involved in the FIA World Endurance Championship and European Le Mans Series as a LMP2 engine supplier.
Nissan announced in June 2014, that Nismo will enter the LMP1 category to fight for the FIA World Endurance Championship against Audi, Toyota and Porsche.
Following a disappointing performance in the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans, the program's remaining schedule in 2015 was pushed back, with the team intending a regular rebut in the 2016 season; however on 22 December 2015, Nissan announced that it was shuttering the program altogether.
Municipality names are not unique: there is a village of Centerville in Gallia County and a city of Centerville in Montgomery County; there is also a city of Oakwood in Montgomery County as well as the villages of Oakwood in Cuyahoga County and Oakwood in Paulding County.
The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports-related curse that was supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis.
Because the odor of his pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, Sianis was asked to leave Wrigley Field, the Cubs' home ballpark, during game 4 of the 1945 World Series.
The Cubs lost the 1945 World Series to the Detroit Tigers, and did not win a World Series championship again until 2016.
The Cubs then defeated the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians 8–7 in 10 innings in game 7 to win the 2016 World Series, 108 years after their last win.
Some state that he declared that no World Series games would ever again be played at Wrigley Field, while others believe that his ban was on the Cubs appearing in the World Series, making no mention of a specific venue.
Whatever the truth, the Cubs were up two games to one in the 1945 World Series, but ended up losing Game 4, as well as the best-of-seven series, four games to three.
The curse gained widespread attention during the 2003 postseason, when Fox television commentators played it up during the Cubs-Marlins matchup in the National League Championship Series (NLCS).
The Mets would pull ahead of the Cubs in that series and eventually win both the newly formed NL East and the 1969 World Series.
However, in game five, first baseman Leon Durham let a ground ball get past his allegedly wet glove in the bottom of the seventh inning.
In 1989, the Cubs won 93 games and faced the San Francisco Giants in the National League Championship Series, now a best-of-seven series.
After splitting the first two games at home, the Cubs headed to the Bay Area, where despite holding a lead at some point in each of the next three games, bullpen meltdowns and managerial blunders ultimately led to three straight losses.
In 1998, behind NL MVP Sammy Sosa, the Cubs won the Wild Card after winning a tiebreaker game versus the Giants.
On October 14, 2003, in the eighth inning of Game 6 of the NLCS, with Chicago ahead 3–0 and holding a three games to two lead in the best of seven series, several spectators attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Marlins second baseman Luis Castillo.
One of the fans, Steve Bartman, reached for the ball, deflecting it and disrupting a potential catch by Cubs outfielder Moisés Alou.
If Alou had caught the ball, it would have been the second out in the inning and the Cubs would have been just four outs away from winning their first National League pennant since 1945.
The Cubs won their division in both 2007 and 2008, but were swept in the NLDS both years by the Arizona Diamondbacks and Los Angeles Dodgers respectively.
In 2015, the Cubs finished second in the National League Wild Card race and defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the Wild Card Game and the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLDS to advance to the NLCS against the New York Mets.
Sam Sianis, his nephew, has gone to Wrigley Field with a goat multiple times in attempts to break the curse, including on Opening Day in 1984 and again in 1989, both years in which the Cubs went on to win their division.
In 1994, Sam Sianis went again, with a goat, to stop a home losing streak, and in 1998 for the Wild Card tie-breaker game, which the Cubs won.
The Cubs won the division that year and then came within five outs of playing in the World Series, but were undone by the Florida Marlins' eight-run rally immediately following the Steve Bartman incident.
Further salting the wound, the Astros earned their first World Series berth two years later and their crosstown rival the Chicago White Sox won the series.
On February 26, 2004, at the Harry Caray Restaurant in downtown Chicago, the Bartman baseball was electrocuted in an attempt to break the curse, leaving nothing but a heap of string behind.
While the Cubs did win the NL Central division title in 2007 and 2008, they were swept in the first round of the postseason in both years: by the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2007 and the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2008.
The act was repeated before the home opener in 2009, this time a goat's butchered head being hung from the statue.
In 2008, a Greek Orthodox priest sought to end the curse during the 2008 playoffs with a spraying of holy water in and around the Cubs dugout to no avail.
On April 1, 2011, a social enterprise called Reverse The Curse, dedicated to bringing innovations to poverty by giving goats to families in developing countries, was initiated.
They brought along a goat named Wrigley whom they believed would be able to break the Curse of the Billy Goat upon arrival at Wrigley Field.
On April 10, 2013, a severed goat's head was delivered to the Cubs in a possible effort to lift the curse on the team.
On September 22, 2015, Patrick Bertoletti, Tim Brown, Takeru Kobayashi, Kevin Strahle and Bob Shoudt consumed a 40-pound goat in 13 minutes and 22 seconds at Taco in a Bag restaurant in Chicago.
On October 7, 2016, the owners of The Chicago Diner, a local vegetarian eatery near Wrigley Field, teamed up with Farm Sanctuary to try to reverse the Curse of the Billy Goat by displaying posters in the windows at their locations.
Another factor that may have played a role in the curse was the number of players (41 of them are listed below) who won World Series titles after leaving the Cubs (known as the Ex-Cubs Factor).
Dontrelle Willis and Jon Garland were traded as minor leaguers (coincidentally, the former won a World Series ring with the Marlins team that defeated the Cubs in the 2003 NLCS).
Tim Lincecum, who went on to win three World Series titles, was originally drafted by the Cubs, but he did not sign with them.
It was their first 100-win season since 1935 (, ), their best since 1910 (, ), and the sixth 100-win season in franchise history.
The Cubs beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series in seven games after trailing in the series 3 games to 1.
There are currently 684 villages in Ohio, after the villages of Amelia and Newtonsville in Clermont County voted for dissolution in 2019.
Municipality names are not unique: there is a village of Centerville in Gallia County and a city of Centerville in Montgomery County; there is also a city of Oakwood in Montgomery County as well as the villages of Oakwood in Cuyahoga County and Oakwood in Paulding County.
Rage (written as Getting It On; the title was changed before publication) is a psychological thriller novel by American writer Stephen King, the first he published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman.
The novel describes a school shooting, and has been associated with actual high school shooting incidents in the 1980s and 1990s.
Charlie Decker, a Maine high school senior, is called to a meeting with his principal about a previous incident in which he struck his chemistry teacher with a pipe wrench, leading to the teacher's hospitalization and Charlie's suspension.
Charlie storms out of the office and retrieves a pistol from his locker, then sets the contents of his locker on fire.
The fire triggers an alarm, but Charlie forces his classmates to stay in the room, killing a history teacher, Mr. Peter Vance, when he attempts to enter.
Over the following four hours, Charlie toys with various authority figures who attempt to negotiate with him, including the principal, the school psychologist, and the local police chief.
Charlie also admits to his hostages that he does not know what has compelled him to commit his deeds, believing he will regret them when the situation is over.
As his fellow students start identifying with Charlie, he unwittingly turns his class into a sort of psychotherapy group, causing his schoolmates to semi-voluntarily tell embarrassing secrets regarding themselves and each other.
Several notable incidents include a violent disagreement between two female students and a police sniper's attempt to shoot Charlie through the heart.
However, Charlie survives due to the bullet's striking his locker's combination lock, which he had earlier placed in the breast pocket of his shirt.
Ted realizes this and attempts to escape the classroom, but the other students brutally assault him, driving him into a battered catatonic state.
The chief shoots Charlie, but he survives and is found not guilty by reason of insanity and committed to a psychiatric hospital in Augusta, Maine until he can answer for his actions.
The final chapters contain an inter-office memo concerning Ted's treatment and prognosis at the hospital where he is now a patient, and a letter from one of Charlie's friends describing assorted developments in the students' lives during the months following this incident.
Caspar Peucer (pronounced , ; June 1, 1525 – September 25, 1602) was a German reformer, physician, and scholar of Sorbian origin.
Caspar Peucer was born on June 1, 1525 in Bautzen, (Sachsen, Germany) and died on September 25, 1602 in Dessau, (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany).
Peucer's father, Gregor, was trusted with certain tasks from the Bautzen elite regarding the city quarters between the town council and burghers.
The Bautzen elite was an interconnected family with relational ties, this indicates that Peucer himself was also related to Gregorius Mattig, who was a highly respected humanist and intellectual during this time.
This education system was excelling under the Joachim Knemiander administration, originating from the Upper Lusatian town which, is now present day Poland.
It was here he learned more regarding the new and developing Lutheran education, here he met other students who were interested in the same ideologies.
Wittenberg was a university where many Lutherans enrolled, this was also the place that the main disputes of the Reformation occurred.
Then, Peucer enrolled in the University of Wittenberg in March 1543, after he finished his undergraduate he went on to graduate with his masters in September 1545.
While working as a professor at Wittenberg, Peucer taught alongside notable other mathematicians of the time and graduates of Wittenberg such as Erasmus Reinhold and Michael Maestlin.
The idea is that astrology fits perfectly into the teleological worldview in which it shows the critical work of God's creation, the stars being a secondary asset.
Around 1570, Peucer became the doctor to the Elector of Saxony, Augusts, who was a significant figure during the time of the Schmalkaldic war.
The main goal was to gain followers of the Lutheran church, this quickly created some suspicion that there was a connection with Peucer and Calvinism.
Calvinism was thought to be against the views of astrology, as Peucer was thinking more critically about astrology fitting into a teleological world this was a stepping stone indicating his views were differing from society.
Peucer was soon accused of a Calvinism plot and was captured on April 1, 1574 in Wittenberg, it was there that Peucer's works were searched and he had to explain his religious and political ties in front of the Dresden Consistory.
This was the start of Peucer's twelve years in prison, it began in the Rochlitz castle where Magdalena could stay with him.
During this time he was waiting for his family to bring forth a petition to get him out of his sentence early, which was granted in 1586.
After his release he became the personal doctor to Anhalt princess in Desseau, he died in the capitol on September 25, 1602.
While not as well known as Tycho Brahe, Peucer worked with Brahe in a few instances, including intervening by letter on Brahe's behalf in a dispute between the latter and Christoph Rothman surrounding his invention of the Tychonic system.
Caspar Peucer was a practicing Protestant who believed in Divine Providence, this just meant that God is able to and does intervene with nature.
The Protestant astrologers of the time held the belief that before the original sin, nature did not deviate from its expected laws.
Caspar Peucer extensively recorded how the constellations and meteorological events were signs or warnings of historical events that occurred near the time of the astronomical events.
They would say that pairing natural signs with historical events or future events does not work with the belief that God gave humankind freewill.
The accepted view for science and philosophy was to follow an Aristotilian approach, which includes using empirical evidence and reason to come to conclusions.
Peucer tried to link his ideas of astrology with a strong Aristotelian argument through one of his writings, but it does not seem like he ever really convinced the Catholics of his ideas, and others abandoned the ideas of horoscopes as a science fairly quickly after the height of its popularity.
Specifically, Peucer thought that both of these entities could affect and even explain some serious astrological phenomena such as comets in the atmosphere to produce many particular effects that he had no other explanation for.
That being said, in his texts, Peucer believed that these event could somewhat predict the future as they were signs that appeared not only to our world, but also the sublunar world.
He justified this on the basis that, there would be no point in astrological signs appearing from unknown sources if they did not mean anything.
This can be seen in his belief of angels and demons as Peucer thought that these entities, for reasons both good and bad, could be the source of some phenomena such earthquakes.
The religious perspective through which meteorology and astrology was looked at was important in gaining acceptance and support for the ideas.
Because of Peucer's belief that only God can actually go against nature, lesser powers, like the devil, were able to cause rare meteorological events.
But, Peucer also recognized that it can be rather unclear to recognize in nature who is causing rare meteorological events as it could be God, the devil, angels, demons, or even just natural causes.
It could These rare events were not technically against nature; they held more meaning than everyday normal weather, but were not placed on the same level as miracles.
Peucer's Christianity pressured him to teach a geocentric model of the universe, which led him to the common and comfortable theory of Ptolemy.
In 1543, Copernicus released his model of the universe which was heliocentric, the sun was in the center, but Peucer did not attach to Copernicus' model because the Christians at the time believed the Earth had to be the center of the cosmos.
There is evidence that there were strict rules regarding the Lord's Supper, any mishandling or deviations from the traditions of taking it were seen as something that could be punishable by law.
Because Peucer held such a high power position in education, he was also able to hire chairmen that were not Orthodox Lutherans, they were known as Philippists (followers of Philip Melanchthon).
For about a decade of his life, Peucer was imprisoned and expelled from the University of Wittenberg along with several other teachers who were also expelled (1576-1586).
This was mainly on account of secretly being a Calvinist along with a few other theological differences with the elector, August of Saxony.
August of Saxony ultimately had the largest hand in Peucer's imprisonment due to his intolerance of Calvinism, which was a Protestant Chritian reform led by John Calvin in the 1500s that differed from Catholicism and Lutheranism which were the two dominant religions in Germany at the time.
The imprisonment resulted in damaged reputation, loss of credibility, and the loss of most of their power at Wittenburg for Peucer and his colleagues.
It built upon Melancthon's work, in the form of relatively simple figures for the ease of comprehension for its intended audience; however, mathematics calculations in the latter part of the book were far above the capability of the average Wittenberg student.
The works found in this book are based on the trigonometric tables of Copernicus, the flat and spherical geometry developments of Georg Joachim Rheticus, and works of Johnannes Regiomantus.
Another interesting addition to the 1554 version is the inclusion of two works that describe the Holy Land by Burchard of Mount Sion and an explanation of Biblical place names.
In the first chapter, this point is hammered home as it implies that history must be inferred or understood in terms of its Christian context.
Furthermore, in the second part of his work, he reiterates a foundation of longitude and latitude known by many at the time.
However, in his work he aims to inspire his audience to make inferences of their own and improve the status quo of cartography to a certain extent.
First, the calculation of longitude required two people in different places to record the same celestial event as well as the time it occurred to calculate the difference of longitude in units of time.
This highlights many problems including the need for an accurate depiction of time and coordination between many people in different places.
In other words, many maps of the time were the product of an accumulation of knowledge and surveys over time, but some may be slightly inaccurate or not scientific enough.
He is more concerned with the systematic measurement and calculations of distances, of maps and areas, inspiring him to attempt to improve maps from mere descriptions of general locations of areas with possible errors, to in-depth mathematical and descriptive maps that can withstand the test of time.
He then goes on to describe the methods in depth for calculating the distance between two fixed points using the equators, poles, meridians, longitude, and latitude to create an imaginary triangle.
Peucer recognized that the advanced mathematics used in the latter parts of his work may have been inaccessible to many of his students.
In the end of his book essentially suggested to students that they might reject his overly complicated methods and use the pre-established way of calculating distances to better suit their needs.
This in turn allowed classes that would use his work the option to stop at the foundational level of mathematics mentioned in the beginning or to go on to the latter part of the book which has math compared to that of a master's degree or higher in terms of complexity.
While the work as a whole seems ever too complicated for a common student to understand, there seems to be evidence of the use of this work in mathematics classes until the late 1580s with many copies of the book distributed around libraries throughout Europe.
Caspar Peucer studied a variety of topics throughout his life, but some of his most recognized work are his contributions to the arts and sciences, particularly astrology and medicine.
Although some of his views are not completely in line with these figures, his work was influenced by the ideas of Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Copernicus.
He took a liking to the geocentric world system of Aristotle and Ptolemy, rather than the heliocentric world system created by Copernicus.
In the Copernican world system, the sun is the center of the universe, rather than the earth, and everything rotates around the sun.
Despite the differences in the view of the world system, like Copernicus, Peucer used the significance of light and optics as a means of explaining natural law.
Another figure that not only influenced Peucer, but also directly contributed to a great deal of his work is Philipp Melanchthon.
The pupils viewed Melanchthon as one of the only scholars who could actually properly interpret the divine providence and celestial writing through his knowledge of astrology.
Cardano is famous for drawing horoscopes for both the living and dead, which eventually led to the end of his career.
Tycho Brahe, another well-known astronomer during this period, was not so much an influence to Peucer's work, but they did share their views with each other.
In 1588, Brahe wrote a letter to Peucer addressing where he felt Ptolemy fell short, and how the Copernican system provided a resolution for the shortcomings.
Despite Brahe's letter to Peucer criticising Ptolemy and defending Copernicus, both he and Peucer disapproved earth's movement in the Copernican system.
Brahe and Peucer have a history of exchanges, where they share their views on particular aspects of natural philosophy, but it is unclear if they actually contributed to or worked together to learn more about the cosmos.
The one-drop rule is a social and legal principle of racial classification that was historically prominent in the United States in the 20th century.
It is an example of hypodescent, the automatic assignment of children of a mixed union between different socioeconomic or ethnic groups to the group with the lower status, regardless of proportion of ancestry in different groups.
In the antebellum years, free people of mixed race (free people of color) were considered legally white if individuals had less than one-eighth or one-quarter African ancestry (depending on the state).
These and community acceptance were the more important factors if a person's racial status were questioned, not his or her documented ancestry.
Because of the social mobility of antebellum society in frontier areas, many people did not have documentation about their ancestors anyway.
Based on late 20th-century DNA analysis and a preponderance of historical evidence, Thomas Jefferson is widely believed to have fathered the six mixed-race children with his slave Sally Hemings, who was herself three-quarters white.
Their children were born into slavery because of her status; as they were seven-eighths European in ancestry, they were legally white under Virginia law of the time.
Jefferson allowed the two oldest to escape in 1822 (freeing them legally was a public action he elected to avoid because he would have had to gain permission from the state legislature); the two youngest he freed in his 1826 will.
Although racial segregation was adopted legally by southern states of the former Confederacy in the late 19th century, legislators resisted defining race by law as part of preventing interracial marriages.
Every member has in him a certain mixture of... colored blood...It would be a cruel injustice and the source of endless litigation, of scandal, horror, feud, and bloodshed to undertake to annul or forbid marriage for a remote, perhaps obsolete trace of Negro blood.
The doors would be open to scandal, malice, and greed.The one-drop rule was not adopted as law until the 20th century: first in Tennessee in 1910 and in Virginia under the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 (following the passage of similar laws in several other states).
In the early colonial years, children born of one Indigenous and one non-Native parent usually had a white father and an Indigenous mother.
As many Native American tribes had matrilineal kinship systems, they considered the children to be born to the mother's family and clan.
Native American tribes did not use blood quantum law until the government introduced the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, instead determining tribal status on the basis of kinship, lineage and family ties.
Among patrilineal tribes, such as the Omaha, historically a child born to an Omaha mother and a white father could belong officially to the Omaha tribe only if the child were formally adopted into it by a male citizen.
In 20th century America, the concept of the one-drop rule has been primarily applied by white Americans to those of sub-Saharan black African ancestry, when whites were trying to maintain some degree of overt or covert white supremacy.
This rule meant many mixed-race people, of diverse ancestry, were simply seen as African-American, and their more diverse ancestors forgotten and erased, making it difficult to accurately trace ancestry in the present day.
Some African Americans turned it around, claiming people of African descent in order to strengthen their political unity when working on activism for civil rights and legislation.
For instance, an 1822 Virginia law stated that to be defined as mulatto (that is, multi-racial), a person had to have at least one-quarter (equivalent to one grandparent) African ancestry.
In 1924, under the Racial Integrity Act, even the one sixteenth standard was abandoned in favor of a more stringent standard.
Although the Virginia legislature increased restrictions on free blacks following the Nat Turner Rebellion of 1831, it refrained from establishing a one-drop rule.
When a proposal was made by Travis H. Eppes and debated in 1853, representatives realized that such a rule could adversely affect whites, as they were aware of generations of interracial relationships.
The Melungeons are a group of multiracial families of mostly European and African ancestry whose ancestors were free in colonial Virginia.
Pursuant to Reconstruction later in the 19th century, southern states acted to impose racial segregation by law and restrict the liberties of blacks, specifically passing laws to exclude them from politics and voting.
From 1890 to 1908, all of the former Confederate states passed such laws, and most preserved disfranchisement until after passage of federal civil rights laws in the 1960s.
However, the act permitted the continuation of marriages between white persons and persons of color that were established before the law was enacted.
From the late 1870s on, white Democrats regained political power in the former Confederate states and passed racial segregation laws controlling public facilities, and laws and constitutions from 1890 to 1910 to achieve disfranchisement of most blacks.
Many poor whites were also disfranchised in these years, by changes to voter registration rules that worked against them, such as literacy tests, longer residency requirements and poll taxes.
The first challenges to such state laws were overruled by Supreme Court decisions which upheld state constitutions that effectively disfranchised many.
White Democratic-dominated legislatures proceeded with passing Jim Crow laws that instituted racial segregation in public places and accommodations, and passed other restrictive voting legislation.
Among them were hypodescent laws, defining as black anyone with any black ancestry, or with a very small portion of black ancestry.
Then Texas and Arkansas in 1911, Mississippi in 1917, North Carolina in 1923, Virginia in 1924, Alabama and Georgia in 1927, and Oklahoma in 1931.
Before 1930, individuals of visible mixed European and African ancestry were usually classed as mulatto, or sometimes as black and sometimes as white, depending on appearance.
The binary world of the one-drop rule disregarded the self-identification both of people of mostly European ancestry who grew up in white communities, and of people who were of mixed race and identified as American Indian.
In addition, Walter Plecker, Registrar of Statistics, ordered application of the 1924 Virginia law in such a way that vital records were changed or destroyed, family members were split on opposite sides of the color line, and there were losses of the documented continuity of people who identified as American Indian, as all people in Virginia had to be classified as white or black.
Over the centuries, many Indian tribes in Virginia had absorbed people of other ethnicities through marriage or adoption, but maintained their cultures.
Since the late 20th century, Virginia has officially recognized eight American Indian tribes and their members; the tribes are trying to gain federal recognition.
In the case of mixed-race American Indian and European descendants, the one-drop rule in Virginia was extended only so far as those with more than one-sixteenth Indian blood.
As noted above, Native American tribes such as the Omaha, which had patrilineal descent and inheritance, used hypodescent to classify the children of white men and Native American women as white.
In the 1930s and 1940s, Plecker directed offices under his authority to change vital records and reclassify certain families as black (or colored) (without notifying them) after Virginia established a binary system under its Racial Integrity Act of 1924.
They may still consider those multiracial individuals with any African ancestry to be black, or at least non-white (if the person has other minority ancestry), unless the person explicitly identifies as white.
On the other hand, the Black Power Movement and some leaders within the black community also claimed as black those persons with any visible African ancestry, in order to extend their political base and regardless of how those people self-identified.
Among the colonial slave societies, the United States was nearly unique in developing the one-drop rule; it derived both from the Southern slave culture (shared by other societies) and the aftermath of the American Civil War, emancipation of slaves, and Reconstruction.
In the late 19th century, Southern whites regained political power and restored white supremacy, passing Jim Crow laws and establishing racial segregation by law.
In the 20th century, during the Black Power Movement, black race-based groups claimed all people of any African ancestry as black in a reverse way, to establish political power.
The colonists developed an elaborate classification and caste system that identified the mixed-race descendants of blacks, Amerindians, and whites by different names, related to appearance and known ancestry.
Racial caste not only depended on ancestry or skin color, but also could be raised or lowered by the person's financial status or class.
The same racial culture shock has come to hundreds of thousands of dark-skinned immigrants to the United States from Brazil, Colombia, Panama, and other Latin American nations.
At times, white and black Americans might discriminate against them for their lighter or darker skin tones; African Americans might believe that Afro-Latino immigrants are denying their blackness.
Many of these immigrants feel it is difficult enough to accept a new language and culture without the additional burden of having to transform from white to black.
People in many other countries have tended to treat race less rigidly, both in their self-identification and how they regard others.
Just as a person with physically recognizable African ancestry can claim to be black in the United States, someone with recognizable Caucasian ancestry may be considered white in Brazil, even if mixed race.
Someone with Sidney Poitier's deep chocolate complexion would be considered white if his hair were straight and he made a living in a profession.
That might not seem so odd, Brazilians say, when you consider that the fair-complexioned actresses Rashida Jones ('Parks and Recreation' and 'The Office') and Lena Horne are identified as black in the United States.
His experts discussed the results of autosomal DNA tests, in contrast to direct-line testing, which survey all the DNA that has been inherited from the parents of an individual.
Blacks in the United States are more racially mixed than whites, reflecting historical experience here, including the close living and working conditions among the small populations of the early colonies, when indentured servants, both black and white, and slaves, married or formed unions.
Mixed-race children of white mothers were born free, and many families of free people of color were started in those years.
80 percent of the free African-American families in the Upper South in the censuses of 1790 to 1810 can be traced as descendants of unions between white women and African men in colonial Virginia, not of slave women and white men.
After the American Revolutionary War, their free mixed-race descendants migrated to the frontiers of nearby states along with other primarily European Virginia pioneers.
Shriver's 2002 survey found different current admixture rates by region, reflecting historic patterns of settlement and change, both in terms of populations who migrated and their descendants' unions.
For example, he found that the black populations with the highest percentage of white ancestry lived in California and Seattle, Washington.
These were both majority-white destinations during the Great Migration of 1940–1970 of African Americans from the Deep South of Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi.
As noted by Troy Duster, direct-line testing of the Y-chromosome and mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) fails to pick up the heritage of many other ancestors.
Genetic testing has shown three major waves of ancient migration from Asia among Native Americans but cannot distinguish further among most of the various tribes in the Americas.
Some critics of testing believe that more markers will be identified as more Native Americans of various tribes are tested, as they believe that the early epidemics due to smallpox and other diseases may have altered genetic representation.
For example, in her interview of black/white adults in the South, Nikki Khanna uncovers that one way the one-drop rule is perpetuated is through the mechanism of reflected appraisal.
Most respondents identified as black, explaining that this is because both black and white people see them as black as well.
Charles W. Chesnutt, who was of mixed race and grew up in the North, wrote stories and novels about the issues of mixed-race people in southern society in the aftermath of the Civil War.
The National Alliance On Mental Illness (NAMI) is a United States-based advocacy group originally founded as a grassroots group by family members of people diagnosed with mental illness.
NAMI offers classes and trainings for people living with mental illnesses, their families, community members, and professionals, including what is termed psychoeducation, or education about mental illness NAMI holds regular events which combine fundraising for the organization and education, including Mental Illness Awareness Week and NAMIWalks.
Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, NAMI has around 1,000 state and local affiliates and is represented in 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico.
Unhappy with the lack of services available and the treatment of those living with mental illness, the women sought out others with similar concerns.
The first meeting held to address these issues in mental health led to the formation of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill in 1979.
In 1997, the legal name was changed to the acronym, NAMI, by a vote of the membership due to concerns that the name National Alliance for the Mentally Ill did not use person-first language.
Although originally focused primarily on family members, in more recent years NAMI has moved toward trying to include people diagnosed with mental illness as well (although activists have criticized these efforts).
The National Alliance on Mental Illness is a 501(c)3 nonprofit run by a board of directors who are elected by membership.
NAMI National is the umbrella organization; state and local affiliates operate semi-independently, in an attempt to more accurately represent those in the surrounding communities.
Before coming to NAMI, Giliberti worked as a senior attorney at Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law for almost ten years and the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee from 2008 to 2014.
She worked for NAMI National during this time as the director of public policy and advocacy for federal and state issues.
At the local level, the local NAMI chapters also provide assistance in obtaining mental health resources, scheduling and administration of NAMI's programs, and hosting local meetings and events for NAMI members.
In 2017, NAMI partnered with Alpha Kappa Alpha (since 2015), Instagram, tumblr, Women's Health (magazine), Fox Sports, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute, Jack and Jill of America, The Jed Foundation, and Lokai.
Celebrity partnerships included Utkarsh Ambudkar, Maria Bamford, Andrea Barber, AJ Brooks, Sterling K. Brown, Corinne Foxx, Naomi Judd, Dawn McCoy, Stefania Owen, Alessandra Torresani, Wil Wheaton, DeWanda Wise, and Chris Woods.
The NAMI Family-to-Family Education Program is a free 12-week course targeted toward family and friends of individuals with mental illness, providing education from a medical model perspective of mental illness.
The programs cover mental illnesses including schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, etc., as well as the indications and side effects of medications.
The NAMI Family-to-Family program has initial research evidence; one randomized clinical trial showed gains in empowerment, increases in problem solving and reductions in participant anxiety scores following the class; these changes persisted at 6 month follow up.
These studies confirm an earlier finding that Family-to-Family graduates describe a permanent transformation in the understanding and engagement with mental illness in themselves and their family.
The NAMI Family-to-Family program was found to increase self efficacy in family members involved in caring for a family member with schizophrenia while reducing subjective burden and need for information.
In light of recent research, Family-to-Family was added to the SAMHSA National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP), although as of January 2018 this database and designation has been eliminated by SAMHSA.
The NAMI Peer-to-Peer program describes the course as a holistic approach to recovery through lectures, discussions, interactive exercises, and teaching stress management techniques.
The NAMI In Our Own Voice (IOOV) program started as a mental health consumer education program for people living with schizophrenia in 1996, and was further developed to IOOV with grant funding from Eli Lily & Co. in 2002.
The program was based on the idea that those successfully living with mental illness were experts in a sense, and sharing their stories would benefit those with similar struggles.
Because of the initial success of the program and positive reception, NAMI In Our Own Voice also took on the role of public advocacy.
NAMI In Our Own Voice involves two trained speakers presenting personal experiences related to mental illness, in front of an audience.
Unlike the majority of NAMI's programs, In Our Own Voice consists of a single presentation educating groups of individuals with the acknowledgement many are likely unfamiliar with mental illness.
The program's aims include raising awareness regarding NAMI and mental illness in general, addressing stigma, and empowering those affected by mental illness.
Other than those directly affected by mental illness, In Our Own Voice often educates groups of individuals like law enforcement, politicians, and students.
In Our Own Voice has been shown to be superior at reducing self stigmatization of families when compared to clinician led education.
Research into the effectiveness of the NAMI In Our Own Voice program has shown the program also can be of benefit to Graduate level therapists and adolescents.
A 2016 study evaluating IOOV in California found significant reductions in desire for social distancing after attending an IOOV presentation, although no validated measures were used in the evaluation.
The NAMI Basics Program is a six-session course for parents or other primary caregivers of children and adolescents living with mental illness.
NAMI Basics is conceptually similar to NAMI Family-to-Family in that it aims to educate families, but recognizes providing care for a child living with mental illness presents unique challenges in parenting, and that mental illness in children typically manifest differently than in adults.
Because of the development of the brain and nervous system throughout childhood and adolescence, information regarding mental illness biology and its presentation is fundamentally different than with adults.
The NAMI Basics program has a relatively short time course to accommodate parents' difficulty in attending because of their caregiver status.
Adolescence and early adulthood are periods where the onset of mental illness is common, with 75 percent of mental illnesses beginning by age 24.
When asked what barriers, if any, prevented them from gaining support and treatment, surveys found stigma to be the number one barrier.
It involves two presenters: one who shares educational information and one who is a young adult living well in recovery who shares their personal story.
In 2017, Former Second Lady of the United States Tipper Gore gave a $1 million donation to the Ending the Silence program.
NAMI maintains that it is committed to avoiding conflicts of interest and does not endorse nor support any specific service or treatment.
Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA) sent letters to NAMI and about a dozen other influential disease and patient advocacy organizations asking about their ties to drug and device makers.
The investigation confirmed pharmaceutical companies provided a majority of NAMI's funding, a finding which led to NAMI releasing documents listing donations over $5,000.
The BGB served as a template in several other civil law jurisdictions, including Japan, South Korea, the Republic of China, the People's Republic of China, Thailand, Brazil, Greece, Estonia, Latvia and Ukraine.
It also had a major influence on the 1907 Swiss civil code, the 1942 Italian civil code, the 1966 Portuguese civil code, and the 1992 reformed Dutch civil code.
The introduction in France of the Napoleonic code in 1804 created in Germany a similar desire for obtaining a civil code (despite the opposition of the Historical School of Law of Friedrich Carl von Savigny), which would systematize and unify the various heterogeneous laws that were in effect in the country.
However, the realization of such an attempt during the life of the German Confederation was difficult because the appropriate legislative body did not exist.
Various committees were then formed to draft a bill that was to become a civil law codification for the entire country, replacing the civil law systems of the states.
A second committee of 22 members, comprising not only jurists but also representatives of financial interests and of the various ideological currents of the time, compiled a second draft.
It was put into effect on January 1, 1900, and has been the central codification of Germany's civil law ever since.
Therefore, the political need to draft a completely new code to match the Nazis' expectations subsided, and instead the many flexible doctrines and principles of the BGB were re-interpreted to meet the (legal) spirit of that time.
against public policy or morals, the Nazis and their willing judges and lawyers were able to direct the law in a way to serve their nationalist ideology.
When Germany was divided into a democratic capitalist state in the West and a socialist state in the East after World War II, the BGB continued to regulate the civil law in both parts of Germany.
The most significant changes were made in 2002, when the Law of Obligations, one of the BGB's five main parts, was extensively reformed.
Despite its status as a civil code, legal precedent does play a limited role; the way the courts construe and interpret the regulations of the code has changed in many ways, and continues to evolve and develop, due particularly to the high degree of abstraction throughout.
The German Commercial Code, for example, contains only those rules relevant to merchant partnerships and limited partnerships, as the general rules for partnerships in the BGB also apply.
The BGB is typical of 19th century legislation and has been criticized from its very beginnings for its lack of social responsibility.
Lawmakers and legal practice have improved the system over the years to adapt the BGB in this respect with more or less success.
The BGB follows a modified pandectist structure, derived from Roman law: like other Roman-influenced codes, it regulates the law of persons, property, family and inheritance, but unlike e.g.
The opposite system, the causal system, is in effect in France and other legal jurisdictions influenced by French law, under which an obligationary agreement is sufficient to transfer ownership; no subsequent conveyance is needed.
The separation doctrine states that obligationary agreements for alienation and conveyances that effect that alienation must be treated separately and follow their own rules.
From this differentiation it follows that a mere obligationary agreement, such as for the sale of property, does not transfer ownership if and until a separate legal instrument, the conveyance, has been drawn up and goes into effect; conversely, the alienation of property based on an invalid obligationary agreement may give rise to a restitutionary obligation for the transferee to restore the property (e.g.
Under the BGB, a sales contract alone, for example, would not lead to the buyer acquiring ownership, but merely impose an obligation on the seller to transfer ownership of the sold property.
In day-to-day business, this differentiation is not needed, because both types of contract would be formed simultaneously by exchanging the property for payment of money.
Although the abstract system can be seen as overly technical and contradicting the usual common-sense interpretation of commercial transactions, it is undisputed among the German legal community.
The main advantage of the abstract system is its ability to provide a secure legal construction to nearly any financial transaction, however complicated this transaction may be.
If someone buys something and pays the purchase price in installments, there are two conflicting interests at play: the buyer wants to have the purchased property immediately, whereas the seller wants to secure full payment of the purchase price.
Under the abstract system, the BGB has a simple answer: the sales contract obligates the buyer to pay the full price and requires the seller to transfer property upon receipt of the last installment.
As the sale obligations and the actual conveyance of ownership are embodied in two separate agreements, it is quite simple to secure both parties' interests.
fraud, mistake, or undue influence), this would not affect the seller's ownership, thereby making it unnecessary to resell the property for the sake of transferring ownership back to the original seller.
Instead, under the rules of unjust enrichment, the buyer is obligated to transfer the property back if possible or otherwise pay compensation.
Crypto-Calvinism is a pejorative term describing a segment of German members of the Lutheran Church accused of secretly subscribing to Calvinist doctrine of the Eucharist in the decades immediately after the death of Martin Luther in 1546.
Philipp I of Hessen arranged the Marburg Colloquy in 1529, but no agreement could be reached concerning the doctrine of Real Presence.
By this time Calvinism had expanded its influence to southern Germany (not least because of the work of Martin Bucer), but the Peace of Augsburg (1555) had given religious freedom in Germany only to Lutherans, and it was not officially extended to Calvinists until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
When Luther died in 1546, his closest friend and ally, Philipp Melanchthon, became the leading Lutheran theologian of the Protestant Reformation.
He was by training not a theologian but rather a classics scholar, and his theological approach became more or less irenic both toward Catholicism and toward Calvinism, which was followed by his disciples called Philippists.
The altered edition was made the basis of negotiations with the Roman Catholics at the Colloquies of Worms and Ratisbon in 1541, and at the later Colloquies in 1546 and 1557.
after Melanchthon’s death, as an improved modification and authentic interpretation of the Confession, and was adhered to by the Melanchthonians and the Reformed even after the adoption of the Book of Concord (1580).
Melanchthon rejected the doctrine of ubiquity and spoke about the personal presence of Christ in the Eucharist, without any further definitions.
Matthias Flacius had been the leader against Philippism in earlier controversies, but even Gnesio-Lutherans did not pay much attention to the doctrine of the Eucharist, until Joachim Westphal began to write again in 1552 against those, who deny Real Presence.
himself answered to him in 1555, there was open, inter-Protestant controversy about Eucharist, which involved on the side of the Reformed Lasco, Bullinger, Ochino, Valerandus Polanus, Beza, and Bibliander; on the side of the Lutherans Timann, Heshusius Paul von Eitzen, Schnepff, E. Alberus, Gallus, Flacius, Judex, Brenz, and Andreä.
During these controversies the State Church of the Electorate of the Palatinate, where Philippism predominated, changed from the Lutheran to the Reformed faith under Frederick III (1560).
The Heidelberg Catechism, which was written there, was also meant to form bridges between Lutherans and Reformed in Germany – the other of its authors, Zacharias Ursinus, was Melanchthon's disciple.
There were a number of local controversies, like the Saligerian Controversy in Lübeck in 1568 and 1574, in Rostock in 1569, controversy in Bremen in 1554 involving Melanchthon's friend Albert Rizaeus Hardenberg, and controversy in Danzig in 1561/62.
The earliest of these incidents had happened with Simon Wolferinus, pastor of St. Andreas at Eisleben in 1543, while Martin Luther still lived.
A feast of victory of genuine Lutheranism over Philippism was celebrated in one of the German principalities with prayers for the preservation of the doctrine of justification and the doctrine of the adoration of the Sacrament.
By the adoption of the Formula of Concord their cause was ruined in all the territories which accepted it, although in some others it survived under the aspect of a modified Lutheranism, as in Nuremberg, or, as in Nassau, Hesse, Anhalt, and Bremen, where it became more or less definitely identified with Calvinism.
Crypto-Calvinism raised its head once more in the Electorate of Saxony in 1586, on the accession of Christian I., but on his death five years later it came to a sudden and bloody end with the murder of Nikolaus Krell as a victim to this unpopular revival of Calvinism.
In Sweden, crypto-Calvinism, which was resisted by Archbishop Olaus Martini, was supported by Duke Charles, uncle of Catholic king Sigismund III Vasa.
Finally Calvinism was banned at Uppsala Synod 1593 by initiative of Bishop of Turku, Ericus Erici Sorolainen together with Bishop Olaus Stephani Bellinus.
Following the Prussian Union and other Evangelical unions in Germany, the Evangelical Church in Germany is an umbrella organisations of Lutheran, Union and Reformed church bodies.
Leuenberg Concord (1962) has made similar irenic solution between Lutheran and Calvinist doctrines, while Confessional Lutheran church bodies still continue to see Calvinist teaching on Lord's Supper as a danger to Lutheran faith and identity.
The terms universal and custom fit mats differentiate between floor mats that will fit a multitude of different cars and those that are specifically designed to fit only one chassis.
Their unique design encourages the user to make continual micro-movements which provides a wealth of health benefits, such as minimizing back pain, foot pain, weariness, stress, etc.
In a study at the Center of Ergonomics at the University of Michigan in 1987, ergonomist Mark Redfern concluded that different standing surfaces can have dramatic effects on physical fatigue.
Workers who stood on anti-fatigue mats were able to reduce the level of fatigue and discomfort by as much as 50%.
The range of common materials for manufacturing anti-fatigue mats includes vinyl, wood, PVC tubing, rubber, PVC closed cell foam, polypropylene, nitrile rubber.
Anti-fatigue mats were initially used in factories and production lines where staff has to stand for the majority of their working shifts.
Anti-fatigue mats come in various types and materials for industrial or commercial applications for a variety of workplace conditions that exist as well as the variety of workplace designs from individual work benches, to large assembly lines or complex manufacturing work stations.
Plus specialized industries may need additional properties such as fire retardant matting for welding, static dissipative matting for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, anti-microbial for food industry applications.
Today, this type of ergonomic mat is commonly used during trade shows for floor covering, in hospitals and clinics during surgeries to cover the floor near surgical tables to minimize surgeons fatigue resulted from continuous standing.
The purpose of a clean room mat is to keep sterile the areas that require ultimate protection from dirt, bacteria and any contamination brought from outside.
Clean room mats are tacky, sticky, non slip mats that possess multiple layers of clean film that effectively capture dirt and dust from foot traffic and wheels.
This goal is achieved by a sticky surface that serves as a barrier for debris, dirt and dust adhered to shoe soles.
Clean room sticky mats can contain two defensive barriers: the first part is a carpet itself, while the second part is sticky surface mat.
The foot bath bottom is covered with pliable rubber scrapers for effective cleaning of footwear soles while the liquid disinfects them.
When a polymeric surface becomes dirty, operators can clean it with a sponge and a mop with detergent and dry the surface with a squeegee.
Matting or floor covering or rugs is any of many coarse woven or plaited fibrous materials used for covering floors or furniture, for hanging as screens, for wrapping up heavy merchandise and for other miscellaneous purposes.
Large quantities of the coconut fibre are woven in heavy looms, then cut up into various sizes, and finally bound round the edges by a kind of rope made from the same material.
Due to the silky nature and tensile strength, jute mats or mattings have started being used as floor covering or doormats, runners and in different forms.
Jute Mats and mattings starting from 1 m width to 6 m width and of continuous length are easily being woven in Southern parts of India, in solid and fancy shades, and in different weaves such as boucle, Panama and herringbone.
Another type of mat is made exclusively from the above-mentioned coir rope by arranging alternate layers in sinuous and straight paths, and then stitching the parts together.
Matting of various kinds is very extensively employed throughout India for floor coverings, the bottoms of bedsteads, fans and fly-flaps, etc.
Many of these Indian grass-mats are examples of elegant design, and the colors in which they are woven are rich, harmonious and effective.
These days, along with these natural grass mats, one can also find plastic mats, which are easier to maintain and are cheaper.
Vast quantities of coarse matting used for packing furniture, heavy and coarse goods, flax and other plants, etc., are made in Russia from the bast or inner bark of the lime tree.
A well-used door mat can trap and hold dirt and allergens, preventing their spread into the rest of the building, significantly improving IAQ and reducing the need for extensive cleaning.
Specialized anti-slip mats are now available that provide extra resistance to the chemicals and grease that are sometimes found in industrial and food service settings.
Custom made anti-fatigue mats are also used in work areas where employees are required to stand for long periods of time.
Anti-fatigue mats were shown to improve worker productivity by reducing the number of sick-days and injuries sustained by workers whose mobility would otherwise be restricted.
Potter Stewart (January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985) was an American lawyer and judge who served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1958 to 1981.
During his tenure, he made, among other areas, major contributions to criminal justice reform, civil rights, access to the courts, and Fourth Amendment jurisprudence.
After graduating from Yale Law School in 1941, Stewart served in World War II as a member of the United States Navy Reserve.
In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Stewart to a judgeship on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
In 1958, Eisenhower nominated Stewart to succeed retiring Associate Justice Harold Hitz Burton, and Stewart won Senate confirmation the following year.
He was frequently in the minority during the Warren Court but emerged as a centrist swing vote on the Burger Court.
His father, a prominent Republican from Cincinnati, Ohio, served as mayor of Cincinnati for nine years and was later a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court.
Other members of that era included Gerald R. Ford, Peter H. Dominick, Walter Lord, William Scranton, R. Sargent Shriver, Cyrus R. Vance, and Byron R. White.
In 1943, he married Mary Ann Bertles in a ceremony at Bruton Episcopal Church in Williamsburg, Virginia (at which his brother Zephalso an initiate of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Skull and Bones, and eventually a professor of classics at Harvardwas the best man).
Stewart was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on April 6, 1954, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit vacated by Judge Xenophon Hicks.
Stewart received a recess appointment from President Dwight D. Eisenhower on October 14, 1958, to a seat on the Supreme Court of the United States vacated by Associate Justice Harold Hitz Burton.
He was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 70–17 on May 5, 1959, and received his commission on May 7, 1959.
All 17 nay votes came from Southern Democrats (both senators from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia, plus Spessard Holland of Florida).
He served as Circuit Justice for the Sixth Circuit from October 14, 1958 to July 3, 1981, and as Circuit Justice for the Fifth Circuit from October 12, 1971 to January 6, 1972.
Stewart was temperamentally inclined to moderate, pragmatic positions, but was often in a dissenting posture during his time on the Warren Court.
Before the appointment of Warren Burger as Chief Justice, many speculated that President Richard Nixon would elevate Stewart to the post, some going so far as to call him the front-runner.
Stewart opposed the Vietnam War and on a number of occasions urged the Supreme Court to grant certiorari on cases challenging the constitutionality of the war.
Before 1967, Fourth Amendment protections were mostly limited to notions of property: possessory geographical locations such as apartments, or physical objects.
In addition, the reach of the amendment now went as far as a person's reasonable privacy expectation; the reach of the amendment was no longer defined solely by property limits.
Stewart announced his retirement from the Court on June 18, 1981, and stepped down in early July at the age of 66.
At the time of his retirement, Justice Stewart said he wanted to spend more time with his grandchildren and that he wanted to retire from the Court while he was still in good health.
He died later that year after suffering a stroke near his vacation home in Sugar Hill, New Hampshire, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Most of Stewart's personal and official papers are archived at the manuscript library of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where they are now available for research.
The files concerning Stewart's service were closed to researchers until all the justices with whom Stewart served had left the court; the last of these was Justice John Paul Stevens who considered him his judicial hero.
The Panther is used for a wide range of military roles, including combat assault, fire support, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, and medical evacuation (MEDEVAC).
The civil SA365 N variant of the Dauphin was used as the starting point for the project; the new rotorcraft was designed to perform utility, anti-tank, troop-transport, and maritime operations.
In May 1986, Aerospatiale formally launched production of the AS365M, at which point the firm anticipated more than 400 Panthers to be sold in the long term.
The initial production model, which was initially designated as the AS365 K, was shortly re-designated and became widely known as the AS565 Panther.
Early models were powered by a pair of Turbomeca Arriel 1M1 turboshaft engines; in 1995, Eurocopter began offering higher powered versions of the Panther that used the new Turbomeca Arriel 2C engine instead.
In February 2016, Airbus Helicopters promised to relocate the global production line for the AS565 Panther to India if it is selected by the Indian Navy for a proposed utility helicopter acquisition.
In April 2016, the production rate of the AS565 Panther was announced to have been substantially increased following a switch from a static production line to a takt flow line, as well as a 30 per cent due reduction in component lead times.
It is capable of performing various naval and land-based missions, such as maritime security, search and rescue (SAR), casualty evacuation (CASEVAC), vertical replenishment, surveillance, special forces operations, anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and Anti-surface warfare (ASuW).
The Panther is powered by a pair of Turbomeca Arriel turboshaft engines, which drives the rotorcraft's main rotor as well as the fenestron anti-torque tail rotor device.
The flight profile of the Panther has been described as being easy to manoeuver, possessing generous g-force limitations and a high level of stability.
In the commando-transport configuration, the Panther may carry up to 10 fully armed soldiers on board at a time in addition to the two pilots flying the aircraft.
The main cabin can be rapidly reconfigured to conduct various roles, such as troop-transport, SAR, and MEDIVAC missions; optional equipment includes a full medical suite, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera, emergency flotation, loudspeaker, variable-speed hoist, cargo sling, search light, and a stretcher-support structure.
It features the vehicle and engine multifunction display (VEMD), integrated electronic standby instrument (ESI), usage monitoring system (UMS), traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS), terrain awareness and warning system (H-TAWS), and dedicated mission display coupled with a multi-sensor processor, a 4-axis automatic flight control system (AFCS), flight management system (FMS), and an advanced search radar.
The design of the cockpit and avionics systems, such as the engine management system, provides a high level of automation as part of an effort to reduce workload upon the pilots.
The principle element of ASW-configured Panthers is the Helicopter Long-Range Active Sonar (HELRAS), a dipping sonar equipped with a descending array of seven projection elements and a receiving array equipped with eight extending arms, which is capable of detecting submarines up to 500 meters below the water's surface.
According to Airbus Helicopters, the Panther family has been qualified to operate from the flight decks of over 100 classes of NATO vessels, and complies with NATO standardization agreements.
Munitions include 20mm pod-mounted cannons, 68mm rocket pods, a maximum of eight Mistral air-to-air missiles, or a maximum of eight HOT anti-tank missiles; all of which can be mounted onto a universal weapon support beam.
The weapon systems are integrated with a Crouzet HDH-2A electronic sight and the autopilot, the latter of which provides automatic flight handling assistance during weapons deployment to avoid negative tendencies such as nose droop.
For improved survivability, the radar signature is reduced due to the use of composite materials across the airframe and the use of the fenestron tail rather than a conventional tail rotor; low infrared paints are also typically applied to the exterior surfaces and jet exhaust dilution devices are installed on the engines to reduce the Panther's infrared signature.
As a response to increasing acts of piracy in the Gulf of Aden, since 2008, Panthers have been routinely dispatched upon multiple French frigates that have conducted deployments in support of Operation Atalanta, a long term pan-European counter-piracy operation.
In the Aden, the Panther has been typically used for maritime patrol, surveillance and troop-transport missions, such as the transportation of strike teams and the retrieval of detainees.
In May 2009, France announced a major mid-life upgrade program for the Aeronavale's Panther fleet, focused on cockpit upgrades and improved defensive/offensive equipment.
The additions and alterations include a new glass cockpit compatible with night vision goggles (NVG), electro-optical sensors, a new anti-jamming radio, Link 11 data-link, and a self-protection system based on that used on the Eurocopter Tiger.
Changes on the Panther K2 include new Turbomeca Arriel 2C2CG engines which produce 40% more power, a glass cockpit containing new avionics and radio systems, a four-axis autopilot, a new weather radar, NVG-compatibility, and measures to reduce pilot workload, and shall extend the airframe's service life for a further 25 years.
In September 2014, the Panther K2 passed its technical operation evaluation, having reportedly demonstrated a 98% availability rating throughout the trial period, clearing the way for the full modernisation program to proceed.
Their mission is to extend the naval reach of Israel's defense forces, they can be deployed on board the Israeli Navy's Sa'ar 5-class corvettes when required; the rotorcraft are equipped with long range sensors to identify targets in the Mediterranean and a datalink to convey sensory data to the corvettes, their combined sensory capability has reportedly helped foil several attempted terrorist attacks.
The AS565MA is the only rotorcraft in Israeli service capable of locating people at sea during day or night conditions, and can operate in nearly all sea conditions.
During the Gulf War, the Royal Saudi Navy engaged five Iraqi patrol boats using a number of Panther helicopters, a total of 15 AS 15 TT Anti-ship missiles were fired.
As of 2015, more than 250 navalised variants of the AS 565MB Panther have been in service with operators across 20 nations.
In 2014, the Indonesian Navy opted to procure 11 ASW-equipped Panthers through Indonesian Aerospace (PTDI); Airbus Helicopters shall produce the base rotorcraft and deliver them to PTDI's facility in Bandung, Indonesia and separately install mission systems such as the ASW suite.
In the Asian market, the European-built Panther has had limited sales mainly due to export competition from the Chinese-built Harbin Z-9, itself a license-built derivative of the Dauphin alike to the Panther.
The Southwest Islands of Palau are several small islands spread across the Pacific Ocean about 600 km from the main island chain of Palau.
The nearshore islands to the southwest of the main island of Palau (Babeldaob), which belong to the states of Koror, Peleliu and Angaur and the unincorporated Rock Islands, are not considered part of the Southwest Islands.
For example, an ultrapower model of the hyperreals is formula_1-saturated, meaning that every descending nested sequence of internal sets has a nonempty intersection, see Goldblatt (1998).
The seemingly more intuitive notion—that all complete types of the language are realized—turns out to be too weak (and is, appropriately, named weak saturation, which is the same as 1-saturation).
The difference lies in the fact that many structures contain elements that are not definable (for example, any transcendental element of R is, by definition of the word, not definable in the language of fields).
If the sequence is not definable, this fact about the structure cannot be described using the base language, so a weakly saturated structure may not bound the sequence, while an ω-saturated structure will.
The reason we only require parameter sets that are strictly smaller than the model is trivial: without this restriction, no infinite model is saturated.
Both the theory of Q and the theory of the countable random graph can be shown to be ω-categorical through the back-and-forth method.
When fully implemented, the Danish army will be capable of deploying 1,500 troops permanently on three different continents continuously, or 5,000 troops for a shorter period of time, in international operations without any need for extraordinary measures such as parliamentary approval of a war funding bill.
Founded in 1614, in the wake of the Kalmar War, the Royal Danish Army was originally designed to prevent conflicts and war, maintain Denmark's sovereignty and protect her interest.
With time, these goals have developed into also encompassing the need to protect freedom and peaceful development in the world with respect for human rights.
The Danish King remained commander in chief throughout the Early Modern period, in the Thirty Years' War, the Dano-Swedish War (1657–58) and the Scanian War (1675–1679), the Great Northern War (1700–1721), the Theatre War of 1789/9 and the Napoleonic Wars.
In 1815, however, as a result of continued evolution and division of command, four general commands were created with the King as the supreme authority: Zealand and adjacent islands, Funen Langeland, Jutland and the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
At the same time, the need for maintenance of the army in peacetime became pertinent, and the Army Operational Command was established.
The Royal Danish Army has historically been an integral part of the defence of Denmark and thus involved in warfare, skirmishes and battles continuously to protect her interests.
Most notably various territorial wars with Sweden, Russia and Prussia, the Napoleonic Wars on the side of France, and the Second World War, controversially and famously against the wishes of the Danish government, which had ordered immediate surrender to Germany.
In modern times the Royal Danish Army has also become the backbone of Danish international missions, such as those in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Royal Danish Army has been committed to a number of United Nations and NATO peacekeeping and unconventional warfare operations since becoming involved in the Yugoslav Wars under UN mandate in 1994, most notably in the famous Operation Bøllebank.
The Royal Danish Army was also engaged in the Kosovo War and continues to this day to maintain peacekeeping operations in Kosovo as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), together with the Danish Home Guard.
Furthermore, the Royal Danish Army was involved in the War in Iraq from 2003-2007 with a significant contingent of soldiers responsible for creating and maintaining peace in the province of Basra, together with the British.
Denmark lost its first soldier in Iraq on 17 August 2003: Preben Pedersen a 34-year-old Lance Corporal with the Jutland Dragoon Regiment became the first coalition soldier not from the United States or Britain to die in the Iraq War.
For the past few years, the Royal Danish Army and the British Army have been involved in heavy clashes with the Taliban in the Helmand Province, where about 760 Danish soldiers control a large battlegroup.
After the Afghan National Army took responsibility for the security in Afghanistan in 2015, the Danish army, has provided training, advisory and security support as part of Resolute Support Mission.
Following an escalating gang war in Copenhagen, and in an effort to relieve police officers in Copenhagen and at the border control, Danish soldiers replaced police officers at different locations.
The structure of the Danish army changed in 2015, leaving Danish Division without brigades or support troops directly under its command.
The two brigades have only command over combat battalions, as combat support and logistic support units are now grouped under various support centres.
Support centres contain the army's combat support, combat logistic and general support units, and in some cases perform also tasks for the entire Danish defence structure: i.e.
The Aviation Troops flew two squadrons of Fokker C.V reconnaissance aircraft from 1923 to 1932, when 17 Gloster Gauntlet fighters were purchased to form two new squadrons.
As a result of the establishment of the Royal Danish Air Force in 1950, the Army Aviation Troops were disbanded and activities transferred to the new service.
But with the end of the Cold War and the reduction of forces the last 12 Eurocopter Fennec AS 550 helicopters were transferred to the Squadron 724 of the Air Force in 2003 and the Army Air Service disbanded.
The Army, has throughout its long history had many different regiments, that have either changed names, been disbanded or been amalgamated or merged.
Since the end of the Cold War has seen a lot of cuts to army expenditure, many regiments have been downsized and merged.
Spassk-Dalny (), sometimes called simply Spassk, is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated on the Prikhankayskaya Flatland on the coast of Khanka Lake.
The territory of the town is crossed by the Spassovka and Kuleshovka Rivers (the latter was until 1972 known as the Santakheza).
Spassk-Dalny has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), bordering on a monsoon-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwb).
The influences of the East Asian monsoon on summer and the cold and dry Siberian High on winter are very present.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Spassk-Dalny serves as the administrative center of Spassky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Spassk-Dalny Town Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Historically, Spassk-Dalny formed as the center of the construction industry of the krai, due to the reserves of limestone, clay, and construction sand in its vicinities.
Currently the largest enterprise is JSC Spassktsement, which has been operating since 1907 and can produce up to 3.5 million tonnes of cement per year.
Spassk-Dalny has a station on the Trans-Siberian Railway, with passenger trains connecting the town to destinations including Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, and Moscow.
For many years during the Cold War, the Soviet Air Forces had an interceptor and reconnaissance base, Spassk-Dalny Airfield near the town.
There are over twenty monuments of history and culture in Spassk-Dalny, with more than a half of them devoted to the participants of the Civil War in the Russian Far East who supported the Bolsheviks.
The construction was arranged by the Confederate agent Commander James Bulloch, who led the procurement of sorely needed ships for the fledgling Confederate States Navy.
Union Captain Tunis A. M. Craven, commander of , was in Southampton and was tasked with intercepting the new ship, but was unsuccessful.
The pivot cannons were placed fore and aft of the main mast and positioned roughly amidships along the deck's center line.
The fore pivot cannon was a heavy, long-range 100-pounder, 7-inch bore (178 mm) Blakely rifled muzzle-loader; the aft pivot cannon a large, 8-inch (203 mm) smoothbore.
The new Confederate cruiser was powered by both sail and by two John Laird Sons and Company horizontal steam engines, driving a single, Griffiths-type, twin-bladed brass screw.
Captain Raphael Semmes mounted a gun-carriage and read his commission from President Jefferson Davis, authorizing him to take command of the new cruiser.
A signal cannon boomed and the stops to the halliards at the peaks of the mizzen gaff and mainmast were broken and the ship's new battle ensign and commissioning pennant floated free on the breeze.
Captain Semmes then made a speech about the Southern cause to the assembled seamen (few of whom were American), asking them to sign on for a voyage of unknown length and destiny.
He offered signing money and double wages, paid in gold, and additional prize money to be paid by the Confederate congress for all destroyed Union ships.
Semmes knew he had closed the deal: 83 seamen, many of them British, signed on for service in the Confederate Navy.
Semmes still needed another 20 or so men for a full crew complement, but enough had signed on to at least handle the new commerce raider.
She then sailed south, arriving in the West Indies where she raised more havoc before finally cruising west into the Gulf of Mexico.
She then continued further south, eventually crossing the Equator, where she took the most prizes of her raiding career while cruising off the coast of Brazil.
After stopping in Saldanha Bay on 29 July 1863 in order to verify that no enemy ships were in Table Bay, she finally made a much-needed refitting and reprovisioning visit to Cape Town, South Africa.
She then sailed for the East Indies, where she spent six months destroying seven more ships before finally redoubling the Cape of Good Hope en route to France.
She boarded nearly 450 vessels, captured or burned 65 Union merchant ships, and took more than 2,000 prisoners without a single loss of life from either prisoners or her own crew.
Captain Semmes soon requested permission to dry dock and overhaul his ship, much needed after so long a time at sea and so many naval actions.
Pursuing the raider, the American sloop-of-war, , under the command of Captain John Ancrum Winslow, arrived three days later and took up station just outside the harbor.
While at his previous port-of-call, Winslow had telegraphed Gibraltar to send the old sloop-of-war with provisions and to provide blockading assistance.
Having no desire to see his worn-out ship rot away at a French dock while quarantined by Union warships and given his instinctive aggressiveness and a long-held desire once again to engage his enemy, Captain Semmes chose to fight.
However, a 100-pound shell could have done a great deal of damage to her interior and nearby crewmen; hot fragments could have easily set fire to the cruiser, one of the greatest risks aboard a wooden vessel.
Water quickly rushed through the defeated cruiser, eventually drowning her boilers and forcing her down by the stern to the bottom.
During the battle, he steadfastly remained at his post in the wardroom tending the wounded until the order to abandon ship was finally given.
The Confederate cruiser claimed 65 prizes valued at nearly $6,000,000 (approximately $ in today's dollars); in 1862 alone 28 were claimed.
However, she and other raiders failed in their primary purpose, which was to draw Union vessels away from the blockade of the southern coastline, which was slowly strangling the Confederacy.
The Confederate government had hoped that the panic of the shipping companies would force the Union to dispatch ships to protect merchant shipping and hunt down the raiders, a task which always requires a proportionately greater force when compared with the numbers of ships attacking (see Battle of the Atlantic).
Union officials proved immovable on the blockade, however, and although insurance prices soared, shipping costs went up, and many vessels transferred to a neutral flag, very few naval vessels were taken off the southern blockade.
In fact, with clever utilization of resources and a mammoth shipbuilding program, the Union managed to steadily increase the blockade throughout the war.
It also sent vessels to protect merchant shipping and to hunt down and destroy the few Confederate raiders and privateers still operating.
Although the wreck resides within French territorial waters, the United States government, as the successor to the former Confederate States of America, is the owner.
On October 3, 1989, the United States and France signed an agreement recognizing this wreck as an important heritage resource of both nations and establishing a Joint French-American Scientific Committee for archaeological exploration.
Seven cannon were identified at the wreck site: Two were cast from a British Royal Navy pattern and three were of a later pattern produced by Fawcett, Preston, and Company in Liverpool.
A second Blakely 32-pounder was identified outside the hull structure, immediately forward of the propeller and its lifting frame; the forward 32-pounder was recovered in 2000.
Both of the British Royal Navy pattern 32-pounders were identified: One lies inside the starboard hull, forward of the boilers, adjacent to the forward Downton pump.
The second was identified as lying on the iron deck structure, immediately aft of the smoke pipe; it was recovered in 2001.
The sole remaining 32-pounder has not been positively identified, but it could be underneath hull debris forward of the starboard Trotman anchor.
The 68-pounder smoothbore was located aft, at the stern, immediately outside the starboard hull structure; it is possible that the remains of its truck and pivot carriage lie underneath the gun tube.
In addition to the seven cannon, the wreck site contained shot, gun truck wheels, and brass tracks for the gun carriages; many of the brass tracks were recovered.
A shell for a 32-pounder was recovered from the stern, forward of the propeller; that shot was attached to a wood sabot having been packed in a wood box for storage.
In 2002, a diving expedition raised the ship's bell along with more than 300 other artifacts, including more cannons, structural samples, tableware, ornate commodes, and numerous other items that reveal much about life aboard the Confederate warship.
The practice of using primary and secondary naval flags after the British tradition was common practice for the Confederacy, linked as she was by both heritage and economy to the British Isles.
The fledgling Confederate Navy therefore adopted and used jacks, commissioning pennants, battle ensigns, small boat ensigns, designating flags, and signal flags aboard its warships during the Civil War.
At the suggestion of retired Rear Admiral Beverly M. Coleman, Sawtell donated it to the State of Alabama on 3 June 1975.
The additional 8th star is tucked into the lower left corner (and in the lower right corner on the opposite side), giving the canton's layout a unique, asymmetrical appearance.
From the several color photo available on the Internet, this ensign appears to have an approximate hoist-to-fly aspect ratio of 1:2.5 (i.e., very rectangular).
This ensign was given to Willam Anderson, whose ship chandler company made repairs to CSS Alabama, shortly before she made her fateful return voyage to Cherbourg, France.
While it could have been made aboard, its somewhat more accurate details suggest it might have been commissioned ashore during a port-of-call visit.
It was last flown, along with other historic flags, during a ceremony held on the parade ground at Fort Pulaski, GA, sometime during 1937.
Such presentations of ceremonial colors were uncommon to ships' captains of the Confederate Navy, but a few were known to have received such honors.
While this ensign is in a remarkable state of preservation, its large size and delicate condition have made its up-close details and measurements unavailable.
The Leibniz University Hannover, long form in German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, is a public research university located in Hanover, Germany.
It is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research (CESAER), a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe.
The university sponsors the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), the largest science and technology library in the world.
In 1879 the Higher Vocational School moved into the historic Guelph Palace, the Welfenschloss, which was specially converted for the purpose.
In 1899 Kaiser Wilhelm II granted the College of Technology a status equal to that of universities and the right to confer doctorates.
While 64 students first attended the Vocational School, today the university has around 25.700 students, more than 2.900 academics and scientists, and 160 departments and institutes.
The current logo, adopted in 2008, is a stylised excerpt from a letter to Duke Rudolf August of Wolfenbüttel, in which Leibniz presented binary numbers for the first time.
Nine faculties with more than 190 first-degree full-time and part-time degree courses make the university the second-largest institution of higher education in Lower Saxony.
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2018 ranked Leibniz University Hannover between 201-250 worldwide in the field of engineering and technology.
The removal of the books into storage during the Second World War secured valuable old stocks that became a unique national collection of scientific and technical literature in postwar Germany.
Today the collection forms the heart of the German National Library of Science and Technology, which is the largest institution of its kind in the world.
GISMA Business School in Hannover, Germany, was launched in 1999 as a joint initiative by the state of Lower Saxony and visionary private-sector enterprises.
The school was closely affiliated with the Krannert School of Management at Purdue University (Indiana, USA) until 2011 when the Leibniz University Hannover briefly became its parent.
The console was either a Model 1 or, when an electric typewriter was added, a Model 2, of the IBM 1447 operator's console.
Notable installations included a high-end 1440 at the Chicago Police Department installed by reformist superintendent Orlando Winfield Wilson in the early 1960s.
Prototype Workshop of the Center for Technology & Innovation (CT&I) in Binghamton, New York successfully resurrected a 1440 system including a CPU and console, a 1311 disk drive, and a 1442 card reader/punch.
Roque Gastón Máspoli Arbelvide (12 October 1917 in Montevideo – 22 February 2004 in Montevideo) was an Uruguayan football player and coach.
Born in Montevideo, into a Ticinese family originally from Caslano, Maspoli began playing in the youth ranks of Club Nacional de Football.
Máspoli also coached Uruguayan club Peñarol, with which he won five national championships, the Copa Libertadores and the 1966 Intercontinental Cup, when the team beat Real Madrid 4–0 on aggregate.
He took charge again in 1997, becoming the oldest ever manager of any national football team at the age of 80.
Camping World Stadium is a stadium in Orlando, Florida, located in the West Lakes neighborhood of Downtown Orlando, west of new sports and entertainment facilities including the Amway Center, the Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts, and Exploria Stadium.
It is also the regular host of other college football games including the Florida Classic between Florida A&M and Bethune-Cookman, the MEAC/SWAC Challenge, and the Camping World Kickoff.
From 1979 to 2006, it served as the home of the UCF Knights football team (since 2007, the team has played at university-owned and campus-based Spectrum Stadium).
Construction on the stadium began in 1936 as a project of the Works Progress Administration under President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression.
On November 27, 1976 the first major game was held at the expanded stadium, a regular season matchup between Florida and Miami.
The swaying was so pronounced that some fans vowed never to sit in those seats again, while some refused to return to the stadium at all.
While it was believed that the upper deck was structurally sound and met building codes, it nevertheless was deemed a failure.
Additional problems included inadequate access to restrooms in the upper deck, gaps between the sections which required obstructive fences, and the fact that the upper deck was built at such an angle that it had poor sight lines.
Meanwhile, unsightly I-beams installed to hold up the upper deck now blocked seats in the lower deck that were previously unobstructed.
The city finally received a settlement of $900,500 from the stadium's engineers, architects, and designers, money that was soon appropriated for new improvements.
After various new improvements, and a $30 million renovation that added new concrete upper decks to both sides, a capacity of 65,438 was established in 1989.
In 1983, the Florida Department of Citrus was added as a title sponsor for the facility, at a price of $250,000.
From 1999 to 2002, key stadium improvements included the addition of contour seating, two escalators, and a new wide scoreboard/video screen.
The Orlando Thunder of the WLAF called the Citrus Bowl home in their two-season existence during the early 1990s, while the XFL's Orlando Rage played there in 2001 as well as the UFL's Florida Tuskers, occupying the stadium for 2 seasons from 2009, before moving to Virginia Beach as the Virginia Destroyers in 2011.
The varsity football team from nearby Jones High School used Camping World Stadium as a regular season home field for decades through the end of their 2011 season.
The stadium hosted the East–West Shrine Game (the longest running college senior bowl started in 1925) for two years, 2010 and 2011, before moving to Tropicana Field, located in St. Petersburg, Florida.
The playing surface is large enough for use in international soccer matches, and it was a venue for the 1994 FIFA World Cup.
They spent their 2014 season in USL Pro at ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Lake Buena Vista while Camping World Stadium was being renovated.
The last soccer event held at Camping World Stadium before its renovation was an international friendly between the women's teams of the United States and Brazil.
The Orlando Pride, the National Women's Soccer League 2016 expansion team owned by Orlando City SC, played in Camping World Stadium while the Orlando City Stadium was completed.
Three group stage matches were held there, Paraguay vs Costa Rica on June 4, Bolivia vs Panama on June 6 and Brazil vs Haiti on June 8.
By 2005, Orlando-area government officials and officials from the University of Central Florida expressed dissatisfaction with the state of the facility and lack of revenue, as while UCF was the primary leasing tenant for the facility, it received minimal revenue from football games.
Lack of an agreement to rectify these issues led UCF to consider relocating, or spend considerable expense to upgrade the facility at its own cost.
In addition, the stadium's capacity was seen as too large for UCF, leaving the stadium an appearance of being empty even with attendance of as much as 30,000–40,000 people per game.
Furthermore, the stadium was located over from the university's main campus in East Orlando, with travel times of up to a half-hour due to traffic.
In 2005, UCF officials led by university president John Hitt made the decision to construct a new on-campus stadium, which opened for the 2007 season.
Orlando officials began exploring stadium refurbishment project in 2004, when the Capital One Bowl bid to become a Bowl Championship Series (BCS) game, but was not chosen due to the stadium's aging condition.
The hopes for Camping World Stadium became reality when, on September 29, 2006, Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer announced an agreement on a $175-million renovation of Camping World Stadium.
Conceptual drawings for the possible improvements include enclosed concourses on the east and west sides of the stadium and additions to the north side that will finally complete the lower bowl.
In 2010, the natural grass surface was replaced with AstroTurf Gameday Grass 3D after the 2009 Champs Sports Bowl and 2010 Capital One Bowl were marred by poor field conditions that led to two football player injuries.
Finally, it was announced in May 2013 that the Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium would undergo a reconstruction during 2014, at a cost of less than US$200 million.
The reconstruction began immediately following a groundbreaking event held at the stadium on January 29, 2014 and demolition of the entire lower bowl lasted 25 days.
The first event at the renovated Camping World Stadium was the 2014 edition of the Florida Classic on November 22, 2014.
Orlando City returned to the renovated Camping World Stadium for the 2015 season, their first season in Major League Soccer, while awaiting construction of their own soccer-specific stadium.
In their first match, a 1–1 draw against fellow expansion team New York City FC on March 8, 2015, they drew a sellout crowd of 62,510, the largest attendance for a soccer match at the venue.
The Orlando Pride, the expansion National Women's Soccer League team owned by Orlando City SC, played in Camping World Stadium until the Orlando City Stadium was complete.
On April 23, 2016, they broke the record for attendance at an NWSL game, setting at 23,403, when the Pride beat the Houston Dash, 3–1.
On November 19, 2015, CONCACAF and CONMEBOL announced that Camping World Stadium would be one of the host venues for the Copa América Centenario soccer tournament in 2016.
Following the renovation, the seating capacity was reduced to 60,219 due to the introduction of chair-back seats in the lower bowl and Plaza Level.
Temporary bleachers can be added in the Plaza level in place of the Party Deck to increase the capacity to 65,194.
The two novels represent parallel universes relative to one another, and most of the characters present in one novel's world also exist in the other novel's reality, albeit in different circumstances.
Additionally, the hardcover first editions of each novel, if set side by side, make a complete painting, and on the back of each cover is also a peek at the opposite's cover.
However, on the book's jacket and in a tongue-in-cheek introduction by the book's editor, it was alleged that this 1996 work was written by Bachman years earlier, but the manuscript had only recently been discovered by his widow in a trunk.
King says that film writer-director Sam Peckinpah read the script and made some suggestions, but Peckinpah died while King was writing the second draft.
Along a residential street in the suburban town of Wentworth, Ohio, a paperboy is suddenly shot by a mysterious stranger in a red van.
Former police officer Collie Entragian directs the affected residents and corrals them into the homes of victim David Carver and veterinarian Tom Billingsley.
Only two residents remain indoors the entire time, seemingly unfazed: Audrey Wyler and her autistic nephew Seth, whom she has been caring for since the death of his family two years ago, remain silent among the chaos.
During a trip to a mining town in Desperation, Nevada, an evil otherworldly being named Tak took possession of Seth's body after it was released from a mine.
Seth, meanwhile, is sent into the deep recesses of his mind while Tak is in control and suffers poor hygiene and nutrition as a result of the creature’s neglect.
Despite his autism, Seth displays a gifted mental strength that is likely the reason Tak was drawn to him in the first place.
After several other people are killed in various ways (including Collie, who is mistakenly shot by a neighborhood teenager), Seth ingests a laxative administered by Audrey.
Audrey takes this chance to go across the street to the Carver's home and she explains the situation to the others.
She slips back to the house with Johnny to try to rescue Seth before Tak returns, but Cammie Reed follows, with a gun.
Distraught over the death of her son earlier, Cammie kills Seth, and mortally wounds Audrey as Tak tries to re-enter the boy’s body.
However, she cannot hold up to Tak the way that Seth could and her body is destroyed as a result of the possession.
A short epilogue in the form of a letter reveals that Seth’s and Audrey’s spirits have taken up residence at the meadow from Audrey’s mental sanctuary, and live there happily in what’s implied to be an alternate parallel paradise.
Desmosomes are one of the stronger cell-to-cell adhesion types and are found in tissue that experience intense mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle tissue, bladder tissue, gastrointestinal mucosa, and epithelia.
Desmosomes are composed of desmosome-intermediate filament complexes (DIFC), which is a network of cadherin proteins, linker proteins and keratin intermediate filaments.
The DIFCs can be broken into three regions: the extracellular core region, or desmoglea, the outer dense plaque, or ODP, and the inner dense plaque, or IDP.
The extracellular core region, approximately 34 nm in length, contains desmoglein and desmocollin, which are in the cadherin family of cell adhesion proteins.
They bind to each other via heterophilic interactions in the extracellular space near their N-termini, in contrast with the homophilic binding characteristic of other cadherins.
Desmoglein and desmocollin have a single pass transmembrane region plus an intracellular anchor to secure its position in the cell membrane.
The outer dense plaque, which is about 15–20 nm in length, contains the intracellular ends of desmocollin and desmoglein, the N-terminus side of desmoplakin, and the armadillo family of mediatory proteins plakoglobin and plakophilin.
The inner dense plaque, also about 15–20 nm in length, contains the C-terminus end of desmoplakin and their attachment to keratin intermediate filaments.
Desmoplakin is the most abundant part of the desmosome, as it operates as the mediator between the cadherin proteins in the plasma membrane and the keratin filaments.
All desmoplakins have an N-terminal head, a C-tail consisting of three plakin repeats, and a glycine-serine-arginine rich domain (GSR) at the C-end.
Mutations within the desmosome are the main cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a life-threatening disease caused by mutations usually in desmoglein 2, but sometimes in desmocollin 2.
It often afflicts individuals between 20-50 years, and has been publicly known as a cause of death in young athletes, although the majority of sudden deaths do not occur in close connection to physical activity.
The current incidence within the population is accepted as 1/10,000 however it is thought that 1/200 may have a mutation that may predispose to ACM.
Symptoms of ACM include fainting, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations and the condition is treated by implanting a small defibrillator device.
Pemphigus can also be caused by a bacterial infection: bullous impetigo is an infection caused by a staphylococcus bacterium that releases a toxin that cleaves the Dsg1 extracellular domain.
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is an epidermal blistering disease caused by mutations in genes coding for keratin 5 and 14, which attach to desmoplakin.
However, skeptics doubt this could have been the initial design of Enryaku-ji temple, since the temple was founded in 788, six years before Kyoto even existed as a capital, and if the ruling class were so feng shui-minded, the subsequent northeasterly move of the capital from Nagaoka-kyō to Kyoto would have certainly been taboo.
Regionally around Tottori Prefecture during this season, a charm made of holly leaves and dried sardine heads are used as guard against oni.
There is also a well-known game in Japan called , which is the same as the game of tag that children in the Western world play.
Japanese buildings sometimes include oni-faced roof tiles called , which are thought to ward away bad luck, much like gargoyles in Western tradition.
Will 1X (who later changed his stage name to will.i.am) and apl.de.ap were first signed by Eazy-E when they were in high school and would later become members of The Black Eyed Peas.
He began his career in stand-up comedy clubs at the age of 17, receiving formal training in a private training school.
Jones has interviewed a variety of newsworthy guests including Dave Navarro, Mark Wahlberg, Brian Stever, The Cult, Tom Cruise, Feist, Tori Spelling, Nelly Furtado, Weird Al Yankovic, Trailer Park Boys, Jake Gyllenhaal, and Quentin Tarantino.
Sometime after the conclusion of the show, Jones began to appear sporadically on Hockey Night in Canada for its 60th season.
In 1640, Altona came under Danish rule as part of Holstein-Glückstadt, and in 1664 received city rights from Danish King Frederik III.
Because of the severe restrictions on the number of Jews allowed to live in Hamburg (with the exception of the period of 1811–15,) until 1864, a major Jewish community developed in Altona starting in 1611, when Count Ernest of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg granted the first permanent residence permits to Ashkenazic Jews.
All that remains after the Nazi Holocaust during World War II are the Jewish cemeteries, but in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the community was a major center of Jewish life and scholarship.
The Holstein-Pinneberg and later Danish Holstein had lower taxes and placed fewer civil impositions on their Jewish community than did the government of Hamburg.
The wars between Denmark and the German Confederation—the First Schleswig War (1848–1851) and the Second Schleswig War (February – October 1864)—and the Gastein Convention of 1864, led to Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein to Prussian administration and Lauenburg to Austrian administration.
During the Weimar era following World War I, the city of Altona was disturbed by major labor strikes and street disorders.
In 1923 Max Brauer, the mayor of Altona, directed that city personnel be paid in part with gas meter tokens, as these coins did not lose value from inflation.
After police raids and a special court, on August 1, 1933 Bruno Tesch and others were found guilty and put to death by beheading with a hand-held axe.
In the 1990s, the Federal Republic of Germany reversed the convictions of Tesch and the other men who were put to death, clearing their names.
The Greater Hamburg Act removed Altona from the Free State of Prussia in 1937 and merged it (and several surrounding cities) with the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in 1938.
On 1 March 2008 the Schanzenviertel neighborhood, which had spanned across parts of the boroughs of Altona, Eimsbüttel and Hamburg-Mitte, became the Sternschanze quarter, the entirety of which is now in the Altona borough.
The border of Altona to the south is the River Elbe, and across the river the state Lower Saxony and the boroughs Harburg and Hamburg-Mitte.
There are 195 kindergartens and 31 primary schools in Altona as well as 879 physicians in private practice, 254 dentists and 60 pharmacies.
The five parties having more than 5 percent in recent polls (minimum to qualify) are the conservative CDU, the social-democratic SPD, the ecologist Green Party (GAL), the left-wing Die Linke and the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP).
Altona is the location of a major railway station, Hamburg-Altona, connecting the Hamburg S-Bahn with the regional railways and local bus lines.
There wasn't anything unusual about it, but it was said that when she sat to the side of it, the floor would creak.
It's said that there are splotches on her body and she has her breasts attached to her shoulders as if there was a tasuki cord.
Mysterious phenomena, such as the sounds of festivals and curses coming from the mountains, were considered to be because of this hocchopaa.
In the tales, the ones that were attacked by yamauba were typically travelers and merchants, such as ox-drivers, horse-drivers, coopers, and notions keepers, who often walk along mountain paths and encounter people in the mountains, so they are thought to be the ones who had spread such tales.
In Aichi Prefecture, there's a legend that a house possessed by a yamauba would quickly gain wealth and fortune, and some families have deified them as protective gods.
In one tale a mother traveling to her village is forced to give birth in a mountain hut assisted by a seemingly kind old woman, only to discover, when it is too late, that the stranger is actually Yamauba, with plans to eat the helpless Kintarō.
In another story the yōkai raises the orphan hero Kintarō, who goes on to become the famous warrior Sakata no Kintoki.
The play takes place one evening as Hyakuma is traveling to visit the Zenko Temple in Shinano, when she accepts the hospitality of a woman who turns out to be none other than the real Yamauba, herself.
(), commonly known as Hamburger SV, Hamburg or HSV , is a German sport club based in Hamburg, its largest branch being its football department.
Although the current HSV was founded in June 1919 from a merger of three earlier clubs, it officially traces its origin to 29 September 1887 when the first of the predecessors, SC Germania, was founded.
Until 2018 when the team were relegated for the first time in history, HSV's football team had the distinction of being the only team that had played continuously in the top tier of the German football league system since the founding of the club at the end of World War I.
It was consequently also the only team that had played in every season of the Bundesliga since its foundation in 1963.
The team's most successful period was from the mid-1970s until the mid-1980s when, in addition to several domestic honours, they won the 1976–77 European Cup Winners' Cup and the 1982–83 European Cup.
The outstanding players of this period were Horst Hrubesch, Manfred Kaltz, and Felix Magath, all of whom were regulars in the German National Team.
The club colours are officially blue, white and black but the home kit of the team is white jerseys and red shorts.
HSV have rivalries with Werder Bremen, with whom they contest the Nordderby, and Hamburg-based FC St. Pauli, with whom they contest the Hamburg derby.
The club had a team in the Women's Bundesliga from 2003 to 2012 but it was demoted to Regionalliga level because of financial problems.
The merger came about because the three clubs had been severely weakened by the impact of the First World War on manpower and finance and they could not continue as separate entities.
SC Germania was formed originally as an athletics club and did not begin to play football until 1891, when some Englishmen joined the club and introduced it.
Germania player emigrated to Brazil at the end of the 19th century, where he became an important pioneer of the game, instrumental in the foundation of SC Internacional, the third oldest club of the country which became part of São Paulo FC, one of the major sports clubs of Brazil, in 1938 and SC Germânia of São Paulo, which later became EC Pinheiros.
It later had links with a youth team called FC Viktoria 95 and, during World War I, was temporarily known as Viktoria Hamburg 88.
SC Germania and Hamburger SC 1888 were among 86 clubs who founded the Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB; German Football Association) in Leipzig on 28 January 1900.
FC Falke was founded by students in Eppendorf on 5 March 1906 but it was never a successful team and played in lower leagues.
The re-match also went into extra time, and in an era that did not allow for substitutions, that game was called off at 2–2 when Nuremberg were reduced to just seven players (two were injured, two had been sent off) and the referee ruled they could not continue.
The DFB awarded the win to HSV but urged them to refuse the title in the name of good sportsmanship (which they grudgingly did).
HSV's first unqualified success was achieved in the 1923 German football championship when they won the national title against Union Oberschöneweide.
They failed to defend the title in 1924, losing the final to Nuremberg, but lifted the Viktoria again in 1928 when they defeated Hertha BSC 5–2 at the Altonaer Stadion in the final.
During the Third Reich, HSV enjoyed local success in the Gauliga Nordmark, also known as the Gauliga Hamburg, winning the league championship in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941 and 1945.
The club also won the championship of the British occupation zone in 1947 and 1948, the only two seasons this competition was staged.
HSV became the first German team to tour the United States after World War II in May 1950 and came away with a 6–0 record.
Playing in the Oberliga Nord after the resumption of league play in post-war West Germany in 1947, HSV became a frighteningly dominant regional club.
In 16 seasons from 1947 to 1948 to 1962–63, they laid claim to the Oberliga title 15 times, only posting an uncharacteristic 11th-place finish in 1953–54.
This was followed by losses in the finals of the national championship to Borussia Dortmund in 1957 and Schalke 04 in 1958.
The club's first ever match in European competition was a 5–0 defeat of Swiss club Young Boys in Bern, with HSV winning the tie 8–3 on aggregate.
In the quarter-finals, they beat English champions Burnley before being defeated by Barcelona at the semi-final stage in a playoff game after the scores were level over two legs.
The crowd of 77,600 at the Volksparkstadion for the first leg against Barcelona remains the record attendance for a HSV home match.
Soon after, Germany's first professional football league, the Bundesliga, was formed, with HSV one of 16 clubs invited to join that first season.
Hamburger SV held the distinction of being the only original Bundesliga side to have played continuously in the top flight – without ever having been relegated – from when the league was formed in 1963, until they were relegated in the 2017–18 season, finishing in 17th place.
The DFB-Pokal victory enabled HSV to play in the 1963–64 European Cup Winners' Cup, where they reached the quarter-final, falling to Lyon.
In the same season, HSV played in the UEFA Cup for the first time but were knocked out in the first round by Scottish side St Johnstone.
The following year, HSV achieved its first international success with a 2–0 win over Anderlecht in the final of the 1976–77 European Cup Winners' Cup.
After spending much of the previous decade in mid-table, HSV had achieved their best Bundesliga position in 1974–75 by finishing fourth.
Keegan's first season at the club saw the team slip to a disappointing tenth place, however, the player himself was named European Footballer of the Year.
After losing the first leg at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium 2–0, HSV thrashed six-time winners Real Madrid 5–1 at the Volksparkstadion to qualify for the final.
In the Bundesliga, HSV missed out on defending their title by two points, finishing in second place behind champions Bayern Munich.
His assistant Aleksandar Ristić was appointed caretaker for the remainder of the season and secured a creditable second-place finish in the Bundesliga.
In his first season, his HSV side regained the Bundesliga title and reached the UEFA Cup final, where they lost 4–0 on aggregate to Sweden's IFK Göteborg.
The run stretched across 36 games and remained a Bundesliga record until November 2013, when it was broken by Bayern Munich.
A third Meisterschale followed at the end of the 1982–83 season, with HSV defending their title against local rivals Werder Bremen on goal difference.
The same year, HSV recorded its greatest ever success, defeating Juventus 1–0 in Athens to win the club's first European Cup.
In 1986, midfielder Felix Magath, who had played for the club for ten years and scored the winning goal in the 1983 European Cup Final, retired from professional football.
In 1986–87, HSV finished second in the Bundesliga and won a fourth DFB-Pokal, beating Stuttgarter Kickers 3–1 in the final at West Berlin's Olympiastadion.
The sale of Thomas Doll to Lazio for a then record 16 million Deutsche Marks in June 1991 is credited with ensuring the club's survival.
In 1997, HSV appointed Frank Pagelsdorf, who would coach the team for over four years, making him the longest serving trainer since Ernst Happel.
A ninth-place finish in 1997–98 was followed by seventh in 1998–99 and third in 1999–2000, the team's best performance since 1986–87.
On 2 September 2000, the new Volksparkstadion was officially opened as the national team played its first 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier, against Greece.
In 2000–01, HSV competed in the UEFA Champions League for the first time since the competition's expansion from the old European Cup.
Though HSV failed to qualify for the second round, they did manage a historic 3–1 win over Juve in the return fixture at the Stadio delle Alpi.
In July 2003, HSV won its first trophy in 16 years with a 4–2 defeat of Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Ligapokal final.
The match became one of the most infamous in recent football history when it was discovered that referee, Robert Hoyzer, had accepted money from a Croatian gambling syndicate to fix the match, which he did, awarding two penalties to Paderborn and sending off HSV player Émile Mpenza.
The resulting scandal became the biggest in German football in over 30 years, and was an embarrassment to the country as it prepared to host the 2006 World Cup.
In the league, the team was in 17th place going into the winter break, having won once in the league all season, leading to the dismissal of trainer Thomas Doll.
Under new coach Huub Stevens, HSV pulled away from the relegation zone and qualified for the UEFA Cup via a seventh-place finish and victory in the Intertoto Cup.
The following season, Stevens led the team to fourth place in the Bundesliga before leaving to take over at Dutch champions PSV Eindhoven.
Under new coach Bruno Labbadia, HSV reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup (now renamed the UEFA Europa League) for the second season in a row.
However, a defeat in the away leg to Fulham days after the firing of Labbadia denied the club the opportunity to play in the final, which was held at its home stadium.
On 13 October 2011, Thorsten Fink was appointed as coach with the team in the relegation zone after losing six of their opening eight matches.
In 2012–13, HSV recorded a much improved seventh-place finish, in large part due to Heung-min Son's ability to score crucial goals.
During the season, however, the team equaled the club's record Bundesliga defeat, losing 9–2 at the Allianz Arena to Bayern Munich.
Fink was replaced on 25 September 2013 by Bert van Marwijk, who in the same season was replaced by Mirko Slomka on 17 February 2014.
Under Slomka, the club narrowly avoided its first ever relegation from the Bundesliga in May 2014 by defeating Greuther Fürth on the away goals rule in a play-off.
Eventually in the next season Hamburg once again changed managers due to a poor start of the season firing Slomka on 15 September.
who was eventually replaced by returning Bruno Labbadia who saved the club at the end of the season in the relegation play-off for the second year running against Karlsruher SC.
Labbadia achieved only two points in the first ten games of the 2016–17 season and was replaced by Markus Gisdol who had a shaky start but managed to get 20 points in 9 games from the 19th match day to the 28th match day.
In the 2017–18 Bundesliga, after a 3–1 defeat in the first round of DFB-Pokal against the third-division team VfL Osnabrück, HSV managed at least in the Bundesliga a positive start of the season with two wins against FC Augsburg and 1.
Until then, he was very successful in the Regionalliga Nord (fourth league) and was with his team at the top of the table.
After the disastrous season in the 2017–18 Bundesliga under three different coaches, a final day win over Borussia Mönchengladbach was not enough to escape relegation after Wolfsburg won against Köln.
Hamburger SV plays its home games in the Volksparkstadion, which was previously known as the Imtech Arena between 2010 and 2015.
Built on the site of the original Volksparkstadion, opened in 1953, the current stadium was opened in 2000, and has a capacity of 57,000 – approximately 47,000 seats with another 10,000 spectators standing.
The Volksparkstadion is a UEFA category one stadium, which certifies it to host UEFA Europa League and UEFA Champions League finals.
HSV fans can be buried at a dedicated graveyard near the home stadium, covered in turf from the original Hamburg pitch.
In Spring 2009, HSV faced Werder four times in only three weeks, and Werder defeated HSV in the UEFA-Cup semi-final, as well as in the DFB-Pokal semi-final.
When, after seven years in different leagues, the game HSV against FC St. Pauli came back again, there were already several weeks before the game disputes of both fan groups.
After fans of FC St. Pauli attacked HSV fans working on a choreography for the game and destroyed parts of it, some HSV fans threatened them by hanging figures in the colours of the rival at several bridges throughout the city.
In addition, one day later there was a march of about 80 HSV-Ultras across the Reeperbahn, where insulting chants against St. Pauli were screamed.
Bundesliga Hamburg Derby on 10 March 2019 at the Millerntor-Stadion, the supporters groups of both teams were escorted by the Hamburg police to avoid conflict.
The day proved historic with a triumphant 4–0 win over FC St. Pauli at the Millerntor-Stadion, the first time HSV had won at the stadium in the St. Pauli quarter since 1962.
Besides, after two major conflicts between the two fan groups the relationship with Holstein Kiel has been considered as difficult for a short time now.
The link between Rangers and Hamburg dates back to 1977 when the Hamburg Rangers Supporters' Club was set up by HSV fans who had visited Rangers matches before and were thrilled by the atmosphere at Ibrox.
In the derby against St. Pauli in the season 2018–19 about 200–300 fans of the Scottish club traveled to Hamburg to support HSV.
In addition, some fan groups maintain good contacts with the fourth division team VfB Lübeck, whose fans also have an aversion to St. Pauli and Holstein Kiel.
In 2013, HSV helped the club, which was threatened by insolvency, with a free friendly match, in which the team competed with several national players to attract as many spectators as possible and left the entire earnings for VfB Lübeck.
In contrast, the team's home kit is white jerseys and red shorts, which are the colours of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.
HSV's kit was made by Adidas from 1978 to 1995 and the club re-engaged Adidas in 2007 having worked with a number of its competitors in the meantime.
HSV's first participation in European competition came after they won the German championship in 1960 and were invited to take part in the 1960–61 European Cup.
HSV won the two-legged tie 8–3 on aggregate, beating the Swiss side 0–5 in the away leg on 2 November 1960 and then drawing 3–3 at home on 27 November.
Subsequently, they have twice played in the final, losing 1–0 to Nottingham Forest in 1980 and defeating Juventus 1–0 in 1983.
HSV won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1976–77 and have been runners-ups in both that competition and the UEFA Cup.
HSV's biggest win in a European match occurred on 23 October 1974 when they defeated Romanian team Brașov 8–0 in a UEFA Cup second round tie.
Their biggest defeat was in the second leg of the 1977 Super Cup when they lost 6–0 to Liverpool at Anfield on 6 December.
Manfred Kaltz with 81 has made the most appearances for HSV in Europe and Horst Hrubesch with 20 is their leading goalscorer.
Under the current award system, their pre-Bundesliga championships are not recognized and so they are not entitled to the second star of a five-time champion.
After the replay of the championship final in 1922 had to be abandoned due to the opponents no longer having enough players on the ground, the German Football Association (DFB) requested HSV to renounce the title, which the club did.
During his first season with Hamburger SV (2000–01), Sergej Barbarez became the top scorer for his club with 22 goals and joint top scorer of the Bundesliga with Ebbe Sand.
Until the 2017–18 season, HSV took pride in its status as the only club to have played continuously in the Bundesliga since its foundation.
A large clock in the northwest corner of the Volksparkstadion marked the time, down to the second, since the league was founded on 24 August 1963.
The reserve team serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players before being promoted to the main team.
The club's men's baseball section, HSV Hamburg, known as the Stealers, was established in 1985 and plays in the first division of the Baseball Bundesliga.
As a striker, he was a prolific scorer for Hamburger SV and also made 72 appearances for the West German national team.
Usually regarded as one of the greatest players in German football history, in 2004 he was named one of FIFA's 125 greatest living players by Pelé.
Seeler followed in his father's footsteps as a player for Hamburger SV, making his first team debut in 1954 in a DFB-Pokal match, aged just under 18, scoring four goals (8–2 vs. Holstein Kiel).
In later years, despite tempting offers from Italian and Spanish clubs, he remained loyal to Hamburg, working on a second career as a merchant besides playing football.
Seeler was a gifted, powerful, and prolific striker who, among other things, was most of all renowned for his leadership, consistency, overhead kicks, and aerial ability.
He scored 137 times in 239 Bundesliga games, 43 times in 72 international games for the German national team, and 21 times in 29 European club tournament games.
He was top scorer of the first Bundesliga season in 1963–64 and German Footballer of the Year in 1960, 1964 and 1970.
During the 1960–61 season, Seeler, alongside his brother Dieter, helped to lead Hamburger SV to the semi-finals of the European Cup, where they narrowly missed out on the final against Benfica, losing out to Barcelona in a play-off match.
During the 1967–68 season, Seeler also helped Hamburg to reach the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup, finishing the competition as top scorer, only to lose out to AC Milan.
Thus, his overall record of goals scored in league and championship matches adds up to 446 (HSV 444, Cork Celtic 2).
His 404 goals in German Oberliga and Bundesliga league games is a record that stands as today, his 406 goals in league games overall making him the second-best German goalscorer behind Gerd Müller.
Of those West German World Cup teams, the 1966 side reached the final, where they controversially lost to host nation England 4–2 in extra time.
Possibly Seeler's most important international goal came in the previous round, a backward second-half header against England which tied the score 2–2, a game West Germany went on to win 3–2.
In total, he scored 9 goals across the four World Cups in which he played, as well as 3 goals in World Cup Qualifying matches; he scored 43 times in 72 international appearances between 1954 and 1970.
He had a two-and-a-half-year tenure as president of Hamburger SV, which began in 1995, and ended in resignation due to a financial scandal, for which he took responsibility.
The DFB (German FA) made him the second honorary captain of the German national team in 1972 (the first being Fritz Walter).
In 2003, he became an honorary citizen of his hometown Hamburg; the first time the honor was bestowed on a sportsman.
The troupe moved to Toronto and evolved into the Royal Canadian Air Farce in 1973 which had a sketch comedy CBC Radio show under that name on which he played numerous characters such as mortician Hector Baggley and socialite Amy De La Pompa.
When the troupe moved to CBC Television in 1993, he played additional characters on the Air Farce television show such as perpetually disgusted Scotsman Jock McBile, and monosyllabic Mike from Canmore, as well as satirical portrayals of such prominent individuals as Herb Gray, Deborah Grey, and Boris Yeltsin.
Along with the original cast of Air Farce – Roger Abbott, Don Ferguson and Luba Goy – Morgan received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement in 1998.
John Orson Whitaker, Jr. (born December 13, 1959) is an American actor notable for several performances for film and television during his childhood.
Whitaker was born in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Van Nuys, the fifth of eight children of Thelma and John O. Whitaker, Sr.
Whitaker began his professional acting career at the age of three by appearing in a television commercial for a local used car dealer.
He went on to appear in ads for Mattel Toymakers, for such toys as Larry the Lion and Crackers the Parrot in their Animal Yackers series.
It co-starred Whitaker playing the role of an orphaned boy named Jody Davis, living in a high-rise apartment in New York City with his twin sister Buffy (Anissa Jones) and older sister Cissy (Kathy Garver), his bachelor uncle Bill Davis (Brian Keith), and Bill's gentleman's gentleman, Mr. French (Sebastian Cabot).
In the premiere episode, he played the part of a heckling boat owner Zach, against David Arquette's salty sea captain character, Captain Barnabas.
Whitaker struggled as an adult with an addiction to drugs and alcohol until his family held an intervention and threatened to cut off contact with him unless he got help.
He agreed and joined a twelve-step program; later becoming a certified drug counselor and founder of a nonprofit organization for Spanish-speaking addicts.
Jointly designed and developed by Eurocopter, China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC), Harbin Aviation Industries (Group) Ltd (HAIG) and Singapore Technologies Aerospace Ltd (STAero) at Eurocopter France's Marignane facility, the EC120B was assembled by Eurocopter in France and Australia.
The EC120 Colibri has its origins in the P120, a proposal by French helicopter manufacturer Aérospatiale that was intended to replace both their Aérospatiale Gazelle and Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama single engine helicopters.
During the 1980s, Aérospatiale sought international partners with which to co-produce the P120, these included aerospace companies in China, Singapore, and Australia.
In the aftermath of the Chinese Government's crackdown on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the exclusion of Chinese involvement in the project was speculated.
On 20 October 1992, a contract for the joint development contract of the new helicopter was signed by the three principle partners of the project, the newly formed Eurocopter, China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) and Singapore Aerospace Ltd (STAero).
Under the joint development agreement, Eurocopter received a 61% controlling interest and technical leader in the programme, CATIC received a 24% work share and STAero received a 15% work share; CATIC designed and produced the cabin structure and fuel system, STAero produced the tail boom, access doors, and composite materials, while Eurocopter produced the dynamic assemblies, installed the avionics, electrical and hydraulic systems, and conducted the final assembly activity.
In February 1997, the EC120 Colibri was formally launched at the Helicopter Association International (HAI) show in Anaheim, California; by June 1997, more than 50 orders had been received for the type.
By October 1998, more than 100 orders had been received for the type, leading Eurocopter to increase the production rate from four helicopters per month to six.
In 2002, Eurocopter was in the process of establishing a second assembly line for the EC120 at Australian Aerospace's facility in Brisbane, Australia.
In September 2003, Eurocopter and China Aviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II) expanded their partnership agreement to include a co-production arrangement with AVIC II-subsidiary Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG).
On 11 June 2004, a final production agreement was signed; under the agreement, CATIA and HAIG received exclusive market rights in China, and Eurocopter agreed to stop selling French-built EC120s in mainland China.
In June 2014, the People's Liberation Army of China became the launch customer for the Harbin-produced HC120, reportedly placing an order for eight of the type with options for fifty more.
Airbus stated they are moving away from the lower end of the market spectrum and those helicopters are not as sophisticated as their traditional product line.
Within the Green Rotorcraft European Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative environmental research program started in 2011, a H120 Technology demonstrator equipped with a HIPE AE440 high-compression aircraft diesel engine, running on jet fuel, first flew on 6 November 2015.
It aims to reduce pollutant emissions and increase fuel efficiency, nearly double the range and enhanced operations in hot and high conditions.
The powerplant is a liquid-cooled, dry sump lubricated 4.6-liter 90° V8 engine with an common rail direct injection, fully machined aluminum blocks, titanium connecting rods, steel pistons and liners, one turbocharger per cylinder bank.
It is manufactured by Teos Powertrain Engineering—a joint venture between Mecachrome and D2T (IFPEN group)—for the mechanical design, engine main parts manufacturing, assembly and testing and Austro Engine for the dual-channel FADEC and harness, fuel system, airworthiness.
Power is maintained at 2,500 m and ISA+20° and it achieved 42% fuel consumption reduction, reducing the direct operating costs by 30% along with simpler maintenance.
It incorporates several of Eurocopter's trademarked technologies, those of prominence are the 3-bladed Speriflex main rotor head and the 8-bladed fenestron anti-torque tail rotor; these have been partially credited with contributing to the rotorcraft's noise signature, which is 6.7 decibels below International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) limits.
As of 2014, the EC120 has the distinction of being the only single-engine rotorcraft to be certified to JAR/FAR 27 standards; measures incorporated to meet these standards include an energy-attenuating main structure, energy-absorbent seats for all on board, and a crash-resistant fuel system.
The aircraft features a wide, ergonomic cabin with high levels of external visibility, which can accommodate a single pilot along with four passengers in typical passenger configuration.
The design of the cabin is suitable for a wide variety of civilian and parapublic missions, such as utility transport, offshore transport, training, law enforcement, casualty evacuation and corporate transport.
In the casualty evacuation role, the rotorcraft can carry one pilot and one stretcher patient as well as one or two medical attendants.
In a cargo-carrying capacity, the EC120 can carry one pilot plus of total useful load volume spread between the cabin and the hold, which is externally accessible from the right-hand side and to the rear, as well as from the cabin in some configurations.
To ease cargo operations, the cabin floor is flat and unobstructed; alternatively, a cargo sling can be installed to carry cargo of up to .
According to Airbus Helicopters, the EC120B integrates a high level of advanced technology to make the rotorcraft easier and safer to fly, as well as to reduce costs.
The primary instrument panel is the twin-screen vehicle and engine multifunction display (VEMD) which provides control and monitoring of various aspects of the rotorcraft, such as the fenestron tail rotor and key engine parameters; the VEMD decreases overall pilot workload for greater safety.
In a baseline configuration, flight controls are installed only on the right-hand side, dual controls or left-hand only flight controls can be optionally installed.
In addition to various civil roles, the EC120 has also been used by several military operators to conduct training, observation and light utility missions.
Airbus Helicopter has promoted the type in a training capacity due to features such as positive control response, performance computation systems, modern instrumentation for ease of use, overall compact size, and a high level of cabin visibility.
A wide range of optional equipment can be installed upon the EC120 B, this includes a wire strike protection system, air conditioning, sand filter, skis, windshield wipers, electrical external mirrors, a cargo sling, emergency flotation gear, forward looking infrared (FLIR) cameras, and external spotlights.
In 2004, the United States Department of Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) selected the EC120B to meet its Light Sign Cutter requirement, a program potentially involving 55 aircraft with a total value of US$75 million in then-year dollars.
The Spanish Air Force (SPAF) has procured a number of EC120s, which are used as rotary-wing trainers at the Armilla AFB.
In 2003, the SPAF formed an aerobatic display team, the Patrulla ASPA, which use the type; a typical display involves five EC120s performing complex manoeuvers in addition to formation flight.
In January 2008, the French Defense Ministry selected the EC120 as the French Army's new lead-in rotary-wing trainer to replace the Aérospatiale Gazelle.
The EC120 is used by both private individuals and companies, helicopter charter and training organisations as well as law enforcement and government use.
Situated on the right bank of the Elbe river, the nearby Landungsbrücken is a northern part of the port of Hamburg.
At the beginning of the 17th century it developed as a suburb called 'Hamburger Berg' (Hamburg mountain) outside the gates of the nearby city of Hamburg and close to the city of Altona.
The name comes from a hill in that area that was planned by Hamburg in 1620 for defense reasons (free field of fire for the artillery).
Furthermore, the rope makers (or 'Reeper' in Low German) were place here because in the city it was hard to find enough space for their work.
When people were officially allowed to live in St. Pauli at the end of the 17th century the city government moved workhouses and (pestilence) hospitals out of the city to 'Hamburger Berg,' which later was named after its still existing church, 'St.
A large contingent of Chinese and other Asian immigrants continue to live in the St. Pauli and Altona districts, while new arrivals also gravitate to this part of the city.
There were 11.9% with children under the age of 18 and 9.3% of the inhabitants were 65 years of age or older.
It is a research center for tropical and infectious diseases and provides an information center about health risks, vaccinations and medical data about other countries for tourism and travel advice.
The research facility formerly located in the Bernhard Nocht Straße hospital is now in the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52.
The big port of Hamburg led many sailors to Hamburg who preferred to spend their spare time (while their ships were unloaded and loaded again) in this area.
Among other things, it provides information of all matters of maritime shipping, to special funding programs, law for flag, certification of mariners and information of the coasts and coastal waters of Germany.
The central court buildings of Hamburg, among others of the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court, are located in the quarter at Sievekingplatz square.
The Hamburg rapid transit system serves St. Pauli with the Hamburg S-Bahn commuter train stations Landungsbrücken and Reeperbahn and the Hamburg U-Bahn underground stations Landungsbrücken, St. Pauli, and Feldstraße.
The European Champion Clubs' Cup, also known as Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens, or simply the European Cup, is a trophy awarded annually by UEFA to the football club that wins the UEFA Champions League.
Several different physical trophies have had the name, as a club was entitled to keep the cup after five wins or three consecutive wins, with a new cup having to be forged for the following season.
At the time, they were the reigning champions, and had won six titles altogether, including the first five competitions from 1956 to 1960.
The replacement trophy, with a somewhat different design from the original, was commissioned by UEFA from Jörg Stadelmann, a jeweller from Bern, Switzerland.
Since then, the trophy bears the title fully in capital letters, albeit the size is increased in the subsequent and current trophy.
The trophy that currently is awarded is the sixth and has been in use since 2006, after Liverpool won their fifth European Cup in 2005.
Winning clubs are also permitted to make replicas of their own; however, they must be clearly marked as such and can be a maximum of eighty percent the size of the actual trophy.
The previous rule introduced before the 1968–69 season, allowed a club to keep the trophy after five wins or three consecutive wins.
For example, a club with no prior titles which won six titles in a row would have been permanently awarded trophies after the third and sixth wins (each for three-in-a-row) but not after their fifth win.
A club whose Champions League title win was not a fifth overall or third consecutive previously kept the real trophy for ten months after their victory and received a scaled-down replica to keep permanently.
Since 2009, the real trophy remains with UEFA at all times, but the winning club now receives a full-sized replica with their name engraved on it.
The original badge was a blue oval on which was an outline of the current trophy in white, overlaid with part of the Champions League starball logo.
Because the current trophy permanently remains UEFA property, it is no longer given to a team that wins a fifth overall or third consecutive title.
However, whereas Juventus wear three stars as they have won over 30 titles, there is no provision for multiple UEFA badges of honour, as the count within the badge can be incremented indefinitely.
From 2006–07 to 2010–11, the title holders also played with the match ball used in their triumphant final in their home matches, but from 2011–12, the title holders use the same match ball as the 31 other teams.
It was slightly modified in 2008–09 to feature the entirety of the star ball logo, albeit with the other stars faded out, and it was drastically changed for the 2009–10 competition.
Without the star ball background, it instead featured a design of the trophy which was used for the branding of the previous season's final.
The current design was first worn by Chelsea in 2012–13; it features an outline design of the trophy along with the year of triumph.
The MOWAG Piranha is a family of armoured fighting vehicles designed by the Swiss company MOWAG (since April 2010 the name has changed to General Dynamics European Land Systems – Mowag GmbH).
Five generations of vehicles have been produced, manufactured by Mowag or under licence by other companies, and variants are in service with military forces throughout the world.
There are several variants within these versions, giving different degrees of armour protection and several kinds of turret, for use in a variety of roles.
Belgium converted to an all-wheeled force, and replaced all their M113s, AIFVs and Leopard 1s with 268 Piranha IIIC in 7 variants.
Piranha derivatives have been manufactured under license by General Dynamics (Canada), BAE Systems Land Systems (UK), Cardoen and FAMAE (Chile), and in the USA.
The 8×8 LAV-25 family in service with the USMC was derived from the AVGP variants of the Piranha 6x6 built by GM Defense (Canada).
The Australian Defence Force also had its own modified version of the LAV-25 8×8, known as the ASLAV Type I (Australian Light Armoured Vehicle).
The ASLAV is operated by two cavalry regiments (the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and 2nd/14th Light Horse Regiment) and is used in the armoured reconnaissance and armoured personnel carrier roles.
Some variants, like the United States Marine Corps's Light Armored Vehicle-25 (LAV-25) and its derivatives, are equipped with propellers for amphibious use, though their swimming capability is restricted to sheltered waters.
A new Piranha V version, weighing in between 25 and 30 tons, was announced as the provisional winner of the British Army's FRES program on 8 May 2008.
General Dynamics European Land Systems launched their new Piranha Class 5 at EUROSATORY 2010 on 15 June and it is reported that the British MoD are showing renewed interest, but are struggling with budget constraints.
To complete the Piranha I Family of 1974, the Piranha 4×4 IB was designed as a light vehicle with the purpose of a rapid reconnaissance and attack vehicle.
It can be seen as a milestone for the Piranha series due to various technical innovation like (at the time) modern designed drive with independent suspension, compact power unit in the right front and (as an amphibian drive) being powered by two propellers.
This prototype was demonstrated with different engines and features for potential customers such as the Canadian Army who locally produced them as the AVGP.
In the Swiss Army, the Piranha 6×6 is used as an ambulance, C3 command vehicle and, together with the BGM-71 TOW, as a Tank Destroyer.
With the continuous evolution of the Piranha family due to increasing demands, and the projected development of the Mowag Shark as a heavy weapons carrier, the Piranha design reached the limit of its payload capacity.
The Piranha 10×10 (built in 1994), was an attempt to expand the payload, using a 5th axle of the same type as used in the smaller Piranha models.
The Piranha 10×10 was designed as a heavy weapons carrier, but only a small number were built for Sweden as the LIRKA command tank and Kapris radar carrier.
Spiritual evolution is the philosophical, theological, esoteric or spiritual idea that nature and human beings and/or human culture evolve: either extending from an established cosmological pattern (ascent), or in accordance with certain pre-established potentials.
The concept of spiritual evolution is also complemented by the idea of a creative impulse in human beings, known as epigenesis.
They can be holistic (holding that higher realities emerge from and are not reducible to the lower), idealist (holding that reality is primarily mental or spiritual) or nondual (holding that there is no ultimate distinction between mental and physical reality).
William Irwin Thompson (born 1938), Victor Skumin (born 1948), Ken Wilber (born 1949), and Brian Swimme (born 1950) work in this field.
However, for those cultures that have a cyclic cosmology, the concept of a progressive deterioration of the universe (as in the Hesiodic, Hindu, and Lurianic cosmologies of a degradation from a Golden Age to an Iron Age or Kali Yuga) might be balanced by a corresponding ascent to more spiritual stages and a return to paradisical conditions.
The Supreme Light or Consciousness descends through a series of stages, gradations, worlds or hypostases, becoming progressively more material and embodied, before finally turning around to return to the One, retracing its steps through spiritual knowledge, contemplation and ascent.
Other examples and interpretations might be found in the Hindu sect of Kashmir Shaivism and Tantra in general, Gnosticism, Sufism, and Kabbalah.
The Yogi raises the Kundalini or life force through and thus transcends each chakra in turn, until he reaches the crown chakra and liberation.
An early example of the doctrine of spiritual evolution is found in Samkhya, one of the six systems of Hindu philosophy, that goes back more than two and a half thousand years (although its present form dates to around the 4th or 5th century c.e.).
The most subtle tattwas emerge first, then progressively grosser ones, each in a particular order, and finally the elements and the organs of sense.
The concept of the great chain of being developed by Plato and Aristotle whose ideas were taken up and synthesised by Plotinus.
The Great Chain of Being was an important theme in Renaissance and Elizabethan thought, had an under-acknowledged influence on the shaping of the ideas of the Enlightenment and played a large part in the worldview of 18th century Europe.
Theories of spiritual evolution are important in many Occult and Esoteric teachings, which emphasise the progression and development of the individual either after death (spiritualism) or through successive reincarnations (Theosophy, Hermeticism).
At the same time, however, a belief in the animal origins of man threatened the foundation of the immortality of the spirit, for if man had not been created, it was scarcely plausible that he would be specially endowed with a spirit.
In the 19th century, Anglo-American Spiritualist ideas emphasized the progression of the soul after death to higher states of existence, in contrast to Spiritism which admits to reincarnation.
The biologist and spiritualist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) believed that qualitative novelties could arise through the process of spiritual evolution, in particular, the phenomena of life and mind.
Later in his life, Wallace was an advocate of spiritualism and believed in an immaterial origin for the higher mental faculties of humans.
He believed that evolution suggested the universe had a purpose, and that certain aspects of living organisms are not explainable in terms of purely materialistic processes.
Wallace believed natural selection could not explain intelligence or morality in the human being so suggested that non-material spiritual forces accounted for these.
Broom claimed there was a plan and purpose in evolution and that the origin of Homo sapiens is the ultimate purpose behind evolution.
The Anglo-American position recalls (and is presumably inspired by) 18th century concepts regarding the temporalization of The Great Chain of Being.
Spiritual evolution, rather than being a physical (or physico-spiritual) process is based on the idea of realms or stages through which the soul or spirit passes in a non-temporal, qualitative way.
This will give rise to a future, Post-Aryan 6th Root Race of highly spiritual and enlightened beings that will arise in Baja California in the 28th century, and an even more sublime 7th Root Race, before ascending to totally superhuman and cosmic states of existence.
Leadbeater, Rudolf Steiner, Alice Bailey, Benjamin Creme, and Victor Skumin each of whom went into huge detail in constructing baroque cycles of rounds, races, and sub-races.
Although including elements of the science of her day as well as both eastern and western esoteric thought, Blavatsky rejected the Darwinian idea that man evolved from apes, and most subsequent esotericists followed this lead.
Darwinism, with its explanation of evolution through material factors like natural selection and random mutation, does not sit well with many spiritual evolutionists, for whom evolution is initiated or guided by metaphysical principles or is tending towards a final spiritual or divine state.
Despite this, recent Theosophists and Anthroposophists have tried to incorporate the facts of geology and paleontology into their cosmology and spiritual evolution (in Anthroposophy Hermann Poppelbaum is a particularly creative thinker in this regard).
Theurgy has a clear relationship to Neoplatonism and Kabbalah and contains the concept of spiritual evolution and ultimately unification with God or the Godhead at its core.
Theurgy is considered by many to be another term for high magic and is known to have influenced the members of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn many of whom considered the order to be Theurgic in nature.
Aleister Crowley also considered his Thelemic system of magical philosophy to be a Theurgic tradition as it emphasized the Great Work, which is essentially another form of spiritual evolution.
Epigenesis is the philosophical/theological/esoteric idea that since the mind was given to the human being, it is the original creative impulse, epigenesis, which has been the cause of all of mankind's development.
According to spiritual evolution, humans build upon that which has already been created, but add new elements because of the activity of the spirit.
For a human to fulfill this promise, his training should allow for the exercise of originality, which distinguishes creation from imitation.
This concept is based on the Rosicrucian view of the world as a training school, which posits that while mistakes are made in life, humans often learn more from mistakes than successes.
Suffering is considered as merely the result of error, and the impact of suffering on the consciousness causes humans to be active along other lines which are found to be good, in harmony with nature.
Sri Aurobindo and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin both describe a progression from inanimate matter to a future state of Divine consciousness.
Teilhard, who was a Jesuit Paleontologist who played an important role in the discovery of Peking Man, presented a teleological view of planetary and cosmic evolution, according to which the formation of atoms, molecules and inanimate matter is followed by the development of the biosphere and organic evolution, then the appearance of man and the noosphere as the total envelope of human thought.
According to Teilhard evolution does not cease here but continues on to its culmination and unification in the Omega Point, which he identifies with Christ.
Surat Shabda Yoga esoteric cosmology depicts the whole of creation (the macrocosm) as being emanated and arranged in a spiritually differentiated hierarchy, often referred to as eggs, regions, or planes.
Typically, eight spiritual levels are described above the physical plane, although names and subdivisions within these levels will vary to some extent by mission and Master.
Consequently, the microcosm consists of a number of bodies, each one suited to interact with its corresponding plane or region in the macrocosm.
These bodies developed over the yugas through involution (emanating from higher planes to lower planes) and evolution (returning from lower planes to higher planes), including by karma and reincarnation in various states of consciousness.
Arthur M. Young and Edward Haskell have each independently incorporated the findings of science into a larger theory of spiritual evolution, and extended the traditional human, animal, vegetable, and mineral categories with kingdoms representing photons, atoms and molecules.
Although abiding strictly by the understanding of science, Jantsch arranges the various elements of cosmic, planetary, biological, psychological, and human evolution in a single overall framework of emergent evolution that may or may not be considered teleological.
An interpretation of social and psychological development that could also be considered a theory of spiritual evolution is spiral dynamics, based on the work of Clare W. Graves.
More recently the concept of spiritual evolution has been given a sort of respectability it has not had since the early 19th century through the work of the integral theorist Ken Wilber, in whose writings both the cosmological and the personal dimensions are described.
Although this schema is derived in large part from Tibetan Buddhism, Wilber argues (and uses many tables of diagrams to show) that these same levels of being are common to all wisdom teachings.
He feels that individuals in each of the meme-plexes/stages can ascend to the peak of consciousness – these being the prophets, visionaries and leaders of any region/age.
Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army installation located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, in the city of Leavenworth since it was annexed on April 12, 1977, in the northeast part of the state.
Built in 1827, it is the oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C., and the oldest permanent settlement in Kansas.
Fort Leavenworth was also the base of African-American soldiers of the U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army, formed on 21 September 1866 at Fort Leavenworth.
During the country's westward expansion, Fort Leavenworth was a forward destination for thousands of soldiers, surveyors, immigrants, American Indians, preachers and settlers who passed through.
Today, the garrison supports the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) by managing and maintaining the home of the US Army Combined Arms Center (CAC).
Fort Leavenworth is home to the Military Corrections Complex, consisting of the United States Disciplinary Barracks, the Department of Defense's only maximum security prison and the Midwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility.
In addition, the Fort Leavenworth Garrison supports numerous tenant organizations that directly and indirectly relate to the functions of the CAC, including the United States Army Command and General Staff College and the Foreign Military Studies Office.
The fort occupies 5,600 acres (2,300 ha) and 7,000,000 sq ft (700,000 m) of space in 1,000 buildings and 1,500 quarters.
It is located on the Frontier Military Scenic Byway (U.S. Route 69 and K-7 corridor), which was originally a military road connecting to Fort Scott and Fort Gibson.
The fort is 10 miles south of the 18th century French Fort de Cavagnal, which was the farthest west fort in Louisiana (New France).
Its commandant was François Coulon de Villiers, a brother to Louis Coulon de Villiers, who was the only military commander to force George Washington to surrender (after avenging the murder of his half brother Joseph Coulon de Jumonville while in Washington's custody, which was the incident that set off the French and Indian War).
The French abandoned the fort after ceding its territory to Louisiana (New Spain) at the conclusion of the French and Indian War.
Early American explorers on the Missouri River to visit the area of Fort de Cavagnal include Lewis and Clark on 26–29 June 1804 and Stephen Harriman Long in 1819.
Colonel Henry Leavenworth, with the officers and men of the 3rd Infantry Regiment from Jefferson Barracks at St. Louis, Missouri, established Fort Leavenworth in 1827 to be a forward base protecting the Santa Fe Trail.
Colonel Leavenworth of the 3d Infantry, with four companies of his regiment will ascend the Missouri and when he reaches a point on its left band near the mouth of Little Platte River and within a range of twenty miles above or below its confluence, he will select such position as in his judgment is best calculated for the site of a permanent cantonment.
The spot being chosen, he will then construct with the troops of his command comfortable, though temporary quarters sufficient for the accommodation of four companies.
Leavenworth was to report that spot around the confluence on the east side of the Missouri River (near present-day Farley, Missouri) would be prone to flooding and on 8 May 1827 recommended the location upstream on the west bank in the bluffs above the river.
The first army installation in Cantonment Leavenworth (its original name) was located on Scott Avenue, south of the Post Chapel with initial strength of 14 officers and 174 enlisted men.
The Cantonment almost immediately increased in importance as it became the eastern terminus for the Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail.
After Indian Removal Act of 1830 attempted to remove all Indians west of the Missouri–Kansas border, the fort which is west of the border assumed even more importance.
The Rookery is the oldest building in Kansas and would be the office of the first territorial governor and thus the first capitol in Kansas from 1854 to 1855 when the capitol was moved to Pawnee, Kansas.
In 1836, William Clark at the fort presided over the transfer of Indian land directly across the Missouri River from the fort to the U.S. government in the Platte Purchase which involved the entire northwest corner of Missouri.
In 1839, Col. Stephen W. Kearny marched against the Cherokees with 20 companies of dragoons, the largest U.S. mounted force ever assembled.
In 1854, Kansas Territory Governor Andrew Reeder set up executive offices on post and lived for a short time in the quarters now known as the Rookery.
From 1858 to 1874 Fort Leavenworth was also home to the Fort Leavenworth Arsenal (originally called the Leavenworth Ordnance Depot) which supplied ordnance to the army in the western United States which was located at what today is the Combined Arms Center headquarters complex on what is called Arsenal Hill which was reached by Arsneal Avenue (which today is called Scott Avenue).
Two surviving buildings from the arsenal are Sherman Hall and Sheridan Hall which are now in the same complex as Grant Hall and are among the most iconic buildings of the fort.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Camp Lincoln was established on post as a reception and training station for Kansas volunteers.
In 1864, news of the approach of Confederate General Sterling Price prompted construction of Fort Sully, a series of earthworks for artillery emplacements on Hancock Hill, overlooking what is now the Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery.
For three decades following the war, the Army's chief mission was control of the American Indian tribes on the Western plains.
Between 1865 and 1891, the Army had more than 1,000 combat engagements with Apache, Modoc, Cheyenne, Ute, Nez Perce, Comanche, Kiowa, Kickapoo and other tribes.
One veteran of the War of 1812 is the cemetery's most famous occupant, Brigadier General Henry Leavenworth, who gave his name to the fort, the cemetery, and the town and county they are located in.
Others buried in the cemetery include 10 Medal of Honor recipients, seven Confederate prisoners of war as well as soldiers killed in Operation Desert Storm, Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.
Although there is no longer space for new burial sites, burials frequently take place for those who already have family members interred in the cemetery.
In 1866, the U.S. Congress authorized the formation of four black regiments, which were the 24th and 25th Infantry Regiments and the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments.
Just off Fort Leavenworth in the City of Leavenworth, The Richard Allen Cultural Center, housed in a former home of a Buffalo Soldier, also highlights the history of the Buffalo Soldiers and African-Americans serving in the U.S. Army.
The United States Disciplinary Barracks, now a maximum-security military prison, was established in 1875 under the command of Lt. Col. Edmund Rice.
The round window behind the chapel's front altar was intentionally installed slightly askew by an inmate who was angry at his work boss.
This chapel has brass cannon embedded in the walls at the sides of the church, and photos of many of the officers involved in the early history of the fort, including some of the Custer family.
In the years between the world wars, graduates included such officers as Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley and George S. Patton.
By the end of 1943, commanders and staffs of 26 infantry, airborne and cavalry divisions had trained as teams at the school.
General Michael Joe Costello of the army of the newly formed Irish Free State attended Fort Leavenworth from 1926 to 1927, passing with such distinction that he was recommended for the United States Army War College.
Classes for the School of Advanced Military Studies and the School for Command Preparation, as well as the Combined Arms Research Library, are located in Eisenhower Hall which was dedicated in 1994.
Until the early 1970s, a battery of four Nike-Hercules Missiles were deployed at Bell Point on a hill on the west side of the fort.
The base is served by the Sherman Army Airfield which has a runway and operates under a joint agreement with the city of Leavenworth, Kansas that permits civilian aircraft to use it all hours.
The airfield was inundated by the Missouri River in levee breaches during the Great Flood of 1951, the Great Flood of 1993, and the Great Flood of 2011.
Fort Leavenworth is considered one of the most significant historic military installations in the Department of the Army, as well as to the nation.
The fort's 5,634 ac (2,279 ha) contain a 213 ac (86.1 ha) National Historic Landmark District (NHLD), which was established in 1974.
In 1970, for example, two historic sites were listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP): the Main Parade Ground and the Santa Fe Trail Ruts.
The exact original boundaries of Paeonia, like the early history of its inhabitants, are obscure, but it is known that it roughly corresponds to most of present-day North Macedonia and north-central parts of Greek Macedonia (i.e.
Ancient authors placed it south of Dardania (an area similar to modern-day Kosovo), west of the Thracian mountains, and east of the southernmost Illyrians.
It was separated from Dardania by the mountains through which the Vardar river passes from the field of Scupi (modern Skopje) to the valley of Bylazora (near modern Sveti Nikole).
During the Persian invasion of Greece the conquered Paeonians as far as the Lake Prasias, including the Paeoplae and Siropaiones, were deported from Paeonia to Asia.
In 355–354 BC, Philip II of Macedon took advantage of the death of King Agi of Paeonia and campaigned against them in order to conquer them.
Some of the names of the Paeonians are also definitely Hellenic (Lycceius, Ariston, Audoleon), although relatively little is known about them.
Linguistically, the very small number of surviving words in the Paeonian language have been variously connected to its neighboring languages – Illyrian and Thracian (and every possible Thraco-Illyrian mix in between).
Before the reign of Darius Hystaspes, they had made their way as far east as Perinthus in Thrace on the Propontis.
When Xerxes crossed Chalcidice on his way to Therma (later renamed Thessalonica), he is said to have marched through Paeonian territory.
They occupied the entire valley of the Axios (Vardar) as far inland as Stobi, the valleys to the east of it as far as the Strymon and the country round Astibus and the river of the same name, with the water of which they anointed their kings.
Emathia, roughly the district between the Haliacmon and Axios, was once called Paeonia; and Pieria and Pelagonia were inhabited by Paeonians.
As a consequence of the growth of Macedonian power, and under pressure from their Thracian neighbors, their territory was considerably diminished, and in historical times was limited to the north of Macedonia from Illyria to the Strymon.
In early times, the chief town and seat of the Paeonian kings was Bylazora (now Veles in North Macedonia) on the Vardar; later, the seat of the kings was moved to Stobi (near modern Gradsko).
Subjugation of the Paeonians happened as a part of Persian military operations initiated by Darius the Great (521–486) in 513 – after immense preparations – a huge Achaemenid army invaded the Balkans and tried to defeat the European Scythians roaming to the north of the Danube river.
Darius' army subjugated several Thracian peoples, and virtually all other regions that touch the European part of the Black Sea, such as parts of nowadays Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, before it returned to Asia Minor.
At some point after the Greco-Persian Wars, the Paeonian princedoms coalesced into a kingdom centred in the central and upper reaches of the Axios and Strymon rivers, corresponding with today's northern part of North Macedonia and western Bulgaria.
The Illyrians, who had a culture of piracy, would have been cut off from some trade routes if movement through this land had been blocked.
This reduced the Paeonian kingdom (then ruled by Agis) to a semi-autonomous, subordinate status, which led to a process of gradual and formal Hellenization of the Paeonians, who, during the reign of Philip II, began to issue coins with Greek legends like the Macedonian ones.
At the time of the Persian invasion, the Paeonians on the lower Strymon had lost, while those in the north maintained, their territorial integrity.
The daughter of Audoleon, a king of Paeonia, was the wife of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, and Alexander the Great wished to bestow the hand of his sister Cynane upon Langarus, king of the Agrianians, who had shown himself loyal to Philip II.
The country was rich in gold and a bituminous kind of wood (or stone, which burst into a blaze when in contact with water) called tanrivoc (or tsarivos).
On one side are Wilhelm Tomaschek and Paul Kretschmer, who claim it belonged to the Illyrian family, and on the other side is Dimitar Dečev, who claims affinities with Thracian.
On the other hand, the Paeonian kings issued coins from the time of Philip II of Macedon onwards, bearing their names written in straightforward Greek.
All the names of the Paeonian Kings that have come down to us are, in fact, explainable with and clearly related to Greek (Agis, Ariston, Audoleon, Lycceius, etc.
In this connection Herodotus tells the story that Darius, having seen at Sardis a beautiful Paeonian woman carrying a pitcher on her head, leading a horse to drink, and spinning flax, all at the same time, inquired who she was.
Having been informed that she was a Paeonian, he sent instructions to Megabazus, commander in Thrace, to deport two tribes of the nation without delay to Asia.
An inscription, discovered in 1877 at Olympia on the base of a statue, states that it was set up by the community of the Paeonians in honor of their king and founder Dropion.
Another king, whose name appears as Lyppeius on a fragment of an inscription found at Athens relating to a treaty of alliance, is no doubt identical with the Lycceius or Lycpeius of Paeonian coins.
In 280 BC, the Gallic invaders under Brennus ravaged the land of the Paeonians, who, being further hard pressed by the Dardani, had no alternative but to join the Macedonians.
Paeonia consolidated again but, in 217 BC, the Macedonian king Philip V of Macedon (220–179 BC), the son of Demetrius II, succeeded in uniting and incorporating into his empire the separate regions of Dassaretia and Paeonia.
A mere 70 years later (in 168 BC), Roman legions conquered Macedon in turn, and a new and much larger Roman province bearing this name was formed.
Centuries later under Diocletian, Paeonia and Pelagonia formed a province called Macedonia Secunda or Macedonia Salutaris, belonging to the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum.
In gymnosperms such as conifers, ovules are borne on the surface of an ovuliferous (ovule-bearing) scale, usually within an ovulate cone (also called megastrobilus).
Ovules are initially composed of diploid maternal tissue, which includes a megasporocyte (a cell that will undergo meiosis to produce megaspores).
Megaspores remain inside the ovule and divide by mitosis to produce the haploid female gametophyte or megagametophyte, which also remains inside the ovule.
After fertilization, the ovule contains a diploid zygote and then, after cell division begins, an embryo of the next sporophyte generation.
In flowering plants, a second sperm nucleus fuses with other nuclei in the megagametophyte forming a typically polyploid (often triploid) endosperm tissue, which serves as nourishment for the young sporophyte.
The evolutionary origin of the inner integument (which is integral to the formation of ovules from megasporangia) has been proposed to be by enclosure of a megasporangium by sterile branches (telomes).
A few angiosperms produce vascular tissue in the outer integument, the orientation of which suggests that the outer surface is morphologically abaxial.
This suggests that cupules of the kind produced by the Caytoniales or Glossopteridales may have evolved into the outer integument of angiosperms.
In gymnosperms (e.g., conifers), the pollen is drawn into the ovule on a drop of fluid that exudes out of the micropyle, the so-called pollination drop mechanism.
Nutrients from the plant travel through the phloem of the vascular system to the funiculus and outer integument and from there apoplastically and symplastically through the chalaza to the nucellus inside the ovule.
The number (and position) of surviving megaspores, the total number of cell divisions, whether nuclear fusions occur, and the final number, position and ploidy of the cells or nuclei all vary.
In some plants, the diploid tissue of the nucellus can give rise to the embryo within the seed through a mechanism of asexual reproduction called nucellar embryony.
While it is possible that several egg cells are present and fertilized, typically only one zygote will develop into a mature embryo as the resources within the seed are limited.
In flowering plants, one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg cell to produce a zygote, the other fuses with the two polar nuclei of the central cell to give rise to the polyploid (typically triploid) endosperm.
This double fertilization is unique to flowering plants, although in some other groups the second sperm cell does fuse with another cell in the megagametophyte to produce a second embryo.
The plant stores nutrients such as starch, proteins, and oils in the endosperm as a food source for the developing embryo and seedling, serving a similar function to the yolk of animal eggs.
The Dublin Gazette was the gazette, or official newspaper, of the Irish Executive, Britain's government in Ireland based at Dublin Castle, between 1705 and 1922.
It published notices of government business, including Royal Proclamations, the granting of Royal Assent to bills, writs of election, appointments to public offices, commissions and promotions in the Armed Forces, and awards of honours, as well as notices of insolvency, and of changes of names or of arms.
The earliest surviving copy, dated 9 February 1706, is numbered as Issue 84 and is held in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin.
There was a sensation on 9 April 1799, when two rival versions were published, one by the established publisher, Sir St George O’Kelly, and a second by George Grierson, the King's printer.
It is now surmised that following the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and in the year before the Act of Union of 1800, the Irish government felt it needed total control.
In November 2019 an EU Watchdog uncovered evidence that the Dublin Gazette was one of 265 local news outlets across the world which had been used by an India-based online propaganda network to spread disinformation about Pakistan with regard to minorities, Kashmir and other India-related topics.
M1 Tank Platoon is a tactical simulator of tank warfare developed and published by MicroProse for the Commodore Amiga, Atari ST and MS-DOS in 1989.
The player is put in the position of a main battle tank platoon commander in charge of four U.S. M1 Abrams tanks in a fictional campaign of battles against the Soviet Army in Central Europe.
The player can give orders to friendly units via a tactical map of the battle area as well as taking control of a single tank - assuming the role of either the tank commander, driver or gunner.
Between the battles, surviving crew members increase in military rank and skill—giving the player an incentive to keep his team alive.
Depending on the player's tastes, the whole game can be played more like an action/simulation game or like a strategy game.
As platoon commander, direct control is limited to the four M1 tanks, however depending on the mission, support units like recon and attack helicopters, M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, MLRS artillery systems or other older M60 Patton tanks are available and can be given orders via the tactical map.
According to the manual, doing this from the M1 tanks was supposedly approximate to a tank commander standing on his tank hull to get a better perspective.
The external view is also able to track other objects in the centre of the view; this is not limited to vehicles but can actually track missiles or even tank rounds.
Full use of the supporting forces makes success easier with even the infantry disembarking from their IFVs to use M47 Dragon anti-tank launchers.
A General Dynamics Land Systems Simulation Lab software engineer, Dana Cadman, compared M1 Tank Platoon to other tank games of the time and the Army's SimNet training network in a later Computer Gaming World article.
1992 and 1994 surveys by the same author of wargames with modern settings gave the game four stars out of five.
Julia B. Cameron (born March 4, 1948) is an American teacher, author, artist, poet, playwright, novelist, filmmaker, pigeon fancier, composer, and journalist.
At first she sold Xeroxed copies of the book in a local bookstore before it was published by TarcherPerigee in 1992.
An exception is notices of naturalization: these are required under the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956 but online publication was stopped in 2016 on data privacy grounds.
It is the single largest annual SCA event, with more than 10,000 people attending each year, from as far as China, South Korea, Sweden, Germany, France, Italy, Greece, and Australia.
The winners of the battles and other activities receive war points, and the Kingdom with the most war points wins that Pennsic.
Prior to 2007, Pennsic took place during the first two weeks of August, and some of the earliest Pennsics were held during September.
One day, almost 30 years ago, Cariadoc of the Bow, the King of the Middle, got bored with peace and declared war upon the East, loser to take Pittsburgh.
These include not only SCA members from across the globe, but also members of various other historical re-enactment groups such as Markland; and martial arts–based organizations, such as the Tuchux or Rome.
Pennsic is, however, an SCA event; members of other groups are welcome, but are generally expected to follow SCA rules—especially in regards to armor, weapons and behavior on the battlefield for the various fighting scenarios.
With over 10,000 people, Pennsic becomes the fourth largest populated place in Butler County, PA (after Cranberry and Butler Townships, and the City of Butler).
Pennsic's annual economic impact on the immediate area amounts to $1.8 million dropped into the Butler County economy, with many local businesses citing the period during Pennsic being among their busiest of the year.
Paulie is a 1998 American adventure fantasy comedy film about a disobedient bird named Paulie, starring Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, Gena Rowlands, Hallie Eisenberg, and Jay Mohr.
Mohr performs both the voice of Paulie and the on-screen supporting role of Benny, a character who has a lot of dialogue with Paulie.
The film is a picaresque tale about an intelligent talking blue-crowned conure named Paulie (voice of Jay Mohr), and his long quest to return to his owner.
Misha Vilyenkov (Tony Shalhoub), a Russian immigrant and former teacher of literature, lives in America and works as a janitor at an animal testing lab.
As Marie learns to speak properly, so does Paulie, beginning with understanding the meaning of words and progressing to the construction of complex sentences.
Eventually after a dramatic event in which Marie falls off the roof in an attempt to teach Paulie to fly, Warren convinces Marie's mother Lila (Laura Harrington) to send him away.
Paulie is passed from one owner to another, eventually ending up in a pawn shop, where he spends his time insulting the customers.
One day a shady customer named Benny (Jay Mohr) shows interest in buying Paulie, thinking he could profit from the bird's ability to talk.
Before he can act, however, a widowed artist named Ivy (Gena Rowlands) purchases him with the intent of reforming his rude personality.
They begin traveling using her mobile home but when Ivy loses her sight in the middle of their trip, Paulie decides to stay and take care of her.
In East Los Angeles, Paulie joins a group of performing conures owned by migrant musician Ignacio (Cheech Marin), temporarily forgetting about Marie as he develops feelings for a female conure named Lupe.
In a botched jewel theft, Paulie flies down through the chimney of a house, where he is trapped inside, then abandoned.
When Paulie discovers that he has been lied to by way of his acquisition as institute property, he refuses to cooperate with any more tests, humiliating Dr. Reingold (Bruce Davison), the head of the institute, in front of his scientific peers by acting like an ordinary parrot.
As a result, his wings are clipped, and he is eventually imprisoned in the basement when he starts biting the researchers.
After escaping from the institute and taking a bus to her address, they find her, now a full grown, beautiful young woman (Trini Alvarado) unrecognizable to Paulie, who believed Marie was her little friend.
After a moment of confusion, Paulie and Marie are happily reunited as Marie sings Paulie's favorite song and he remembers her.
Arthur Joseph Goldberg (August 8, 1908January 19, 1990) was an American statesman and jurist who served as the 9th U.S. Secretary of Labor, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the 6th United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
He became a prominent labor attorney and helped arrange the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
In 1962, Kennedy successfully nominated Goldberg to the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy caused by the retirement of Felix Frankfurter.
In 1965, Goldberg resigned from the bench to accept appointment by President Lyndon B. Johnson as the Ambassador to the United Nations.
Goldberg was born and raised on the West Side of Chicago, the youngest of eight children of Rebecca Perlstein and Joseph Goldberg, Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire.
Goldberg's father, a produce peddler, died in 1916, forcing Goldberg's siblings to quit school and go to work to support the family.
As the youngest child, Goldberg was allowed to continue school, graduating from Harrison Technical High School at the age of 16.
Thereafter, Goldberg worked his way through Crane Junior College of the City Colleges of Chicago and DePaul University before earning B.S.L.
Goldberg's interest in the law was sparked by the noted murder trial in 1924 of Leopold and Loeb, two wealthy young Chicagoans who were spared the death penalty with the help of their high-powered defense attorney, Clarence Darrow.
Goldberg later pointed to the case as inspiration for his opposition to the death penalty on the bench, since he had seen how inequality of social status could lead to unfair application of the death penalty.
During World War II, Goldberg was a member of the United States Army, wherein he served as a captain and later a major.
He served as well in an espionage group operated by the Office of Strategic Services, the precursor to the CIA, serving as chief of the Labor Desk, an autonomous division of the American intelligence agency that was charged with the task of cultivating contacts and networks within the European underground labor movement during World War II.
Goldberg became a prominent labor lawyer, representing striking Chicago newspaper workers on behalf of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in 1938.
Appointed general counsel to the CIO in 1948 to succeed Lee Pressman, Goldberg served as a negotiator and chief legal adviser in the merger of the American Federation of Labor and CIO in 1955.
The second was as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, replacing Felix Frankfurter, who had retired because of poor health.
Despite his short time on the bench, Goldberg played a significant role in the Court's jurisprudence, as his liberal views on Constitutional questions shifted the Court's balance toward a broader construction of constitutional rights.
He argued that to determine if a right is a fundamental right, the court should look to whether the right involved is of such a character that it cannot be denied without violating those fundamental principles of liberty and justice which lie at the base of all our civil and political institutions.
During his tenure on the Supreme Court, one of his law clerks was future associate justice Stephen Breyer, who holds the exact seat Goldberg once occupied.
In 1965, Goldberg was persuaded by Johnson to resign his seat on the court to replace the recently deceased Adlai Stevenson II as the Ambassador to the United Nations.
If any of his Great Society reforms were going to be deemed unconstitutional by the Court, he thought that Fortas would notify him in advance.
He took Johnson's offer of the UN ambassadorship when Johnson discussed it with him on Air Force One to Illinois for the burial of Stevenson, however.
Goldberg wrote in his memoirs that he resigned to have influence in keeping the peace in Vietnam and that after the crisis had passed, he expected he would be reappointed to the Supreme Court by Johnson.
I've always thought that Goldberg was the ablest man in Kennedy's Cabinet, and he was the best man to us... Goldberg sold bananas, you know...
In 1967, Goldberg was a key drafter of Resolution 242, which followed the 1967 Six-Day War between Israel and the Arab states.
While interpretation of that resolution has subsequently become controversial, Goldberg was very clear that the resolution does not obligate Israel to withdraw from all of the captured territories.
The French and Soviet texts differ from the English in this respect, but the English text was voted on by the Security Council, and thus it is determinative.
In other words, there is lacking a declaration requiring Israel to withdraw from the (or all the) territories occupied by it on and after June 5, 1967.
Goldberg's role as the UN ambassador during the Six-Day War may have been the reason why Sirhan Sirhan, the assassin of Robert F. Kennedy, also wanted to assassinate Goldberg.
Frustrated with the war in Vietnam, Goldberg resigned from the ambassadorship in 1968 and accepted a senior partnership with the New York law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison.
Longing to return to the bench, Goldberg later claimed that he was Earl Warren's preference to succeed him when the chief justice announced his retirement in 1968, but President Johnson selected Abe Fortas instead.
After Fortas's nomination was withdrawn in the face of Senate opposition, Johnson briefly considered naming Goldberg chief justice as a recess appointment before ruling out the idea.
With the prospect of a return to the Supreme Court closed to him by the election of Richard Nixon, Goldberg contemplated a run for elected office.
Initially considering a challenge to Charles Goodell's reelection to the United States Senate, he decided to run against New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller in 1970.
Though the former justice initially polled well, a contested primary and Goldberg's own poor skills as a campaigner, coupled with Rockefeller's formidable advantages, resulted in a 700,000 vote margin of victory for the incumbent Republican.
U.S. Army Captain Frank Dux (Jean-Claude Van Damme) has trained in the ways of ninjutsu under his sensei Senzo Tanaka (Roy Chiao).
As a boy, Dux and a group of his friends broke into Tanaka's home to steal a katana, but Dux was apprehended while returning the katana to its place.
After his Army superiors refuse to let him go, Dux goes absent without leave, says goodbye to his sensei and leaves for Hong Kong.
On the first day of the tournament, Dux earns the enmity of the ruthless Kumite champion Chong Li (Bolo Yeung) after breaking his record for the fastest knockout.
Dux falls back on his training from Tanaka, who taught him to fight without his sight, overcoming the handicap and defeating Li.
There was one guy who he introduced me to, named Richard Bender, who claimed to have actually been at the Kumite event and who swore everything Frank told me was true.
Bush's songs are replaced on the soundtrack with alternate versions sung by Paul Delph, who was nominated for a Grammy for this work.
On June 26, 2007, Perseverance Records released a limited edition CD of the soundtrack including, for the first time, the original film versions of the Stan Bush songs.
Mäkinen is one of the most successful WRC drivers of all time, ranking fifth in wins (24) and third in championships (4), tied with Juha Kankkunen behind Sébastien Ogier (6) and Sébastien Loeb (9).
In 2018, as a head of Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, he became the first person in the history of rally driving to win a Championship both as a driver and as a team principal.
He is a four-time World Rally Champion, a series he first won, and then successfully defended, continuously throughout 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999, on all occasions driving the Ralliart Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution.
Mäkinen's first world rally win came on the 1994 1000 Lakes Rally (now Neste Rally Finland), in a Ford Escort RS Cosworth.
Mäkinen proved a late developer by the standards of some in rallying circles, only nabbing his first full-time manufacturer seat in a Group A formula Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution alongside former Group A rally champion Swede Kenneth Eriksson, in 1995 - but success was to prove spontaneous thereafter.
A cultured Safari Rally win in 1996 proved the platform on which to build a dominant championship lead, which he consolidated by taking the title in Australia, away from runner-up, Subaru's Colin McRae - a long-time rival.
The Mitsubishi team, with the Finn and young Briton Richard Burns among its driver personnel, also won its sole manufacturers' championship in 1998, while late that same year, the licensed Tommi Mäkinen Rally video game was also released.
In 2000, despite opening his campaign with victory on the January Monte Carlo Rally, Mäkinen finally relinquished his grasp on the title, being beaten in the standings by new title holder and fellow Finn, Marcus Grönholm.
That year Mitsubishi produced a 'Tommi Mäkinen edition' of the road version of the Lancer Evolution VI to commemorate his previous title successes.
This car had a different front bumper than the regular Evolution VI, while some models also featured a red and white paint job to closely resemble Mäkinen's rally car.
Mäkinen remained with Mitsubishi until the end of the 2001 season, having finished third in that year's standings behind Burns and McRae, by now respectively drivers for Subaru and Ford - but not before the inauspicious introduction of team's first ever World Rally Car on the San Remo Rally.
Mäkinen and teammate Freddy Loix struggled with the car before the Finn's crash on the mountainside roads of the following round in Corsica was responsible for breaking co-driver Mannisenmäki's back and in doing so, virtually ended his top-line career.
The Finn was forced to fare with substitute co-drivers for the remaining events in Australia (with Timo Hantunen) and Great Britain, the latter of which he retired from, helping Burns to claim the championship.
A move to the Prodrive-run Subaru World Rally Team for 2002 as replacement for Burns (who had chosen to drive a works Peugeot 206 WRC alongside Grönholm for his title defence) yielded one more, final career victory, on the 2002 Monte Carlo Rally where a technical infringement committed by on-the-road winner, and emerging talent, Sébastien Loeb, allowed Mäkinen to upstage the Frenchman.
He retired from the sport after the 2003 season, ending his WRC career on the podium with third place on that seasons final rally, Rally Great Britain.
In 2016, Mäkinen became the team principal of the Toyota Gazoo Racing, which is the factory team of Toyota and competes in the World Rally Championship (WRC).
Hysterical Blindness is a 2002 American television film directed by Mira Nair and starring Gena Rowlands, Uma Thurman, Juliette Lewis and Ben Gazzara.
Ben Gazzara and Gena Rowlands also won Best Supporting Actor/Actress awards for their performances as Virginia Miller and Nick Piccolo at the 2003 Emmy Awards.
It's 1987 in Bayonne, New Jersey and Debby Miller has just been diagnosed with a condition called hysterical blindness in which there are moments when her sight fades in and out.
She and her best friend Beth go to their favorite pub, Ollie's, and try to find a man and have a drink.
As a 'thank you' she offers to buy him a drink and tells him that she will be at the same bar again tomorrow.
The next day they run into each other at the same bar and she asks him to go somewhere else and they end up at his house.
Debby goes home, where her mother Virginia has also started dating an older man named Nick who wants her to move with him to Florida.
Nick passes away suddenly from a heart attack, and Virginia realizes that until she met Nick, she had been living her life waiting for things to happen to her.
In the end, Debby, Beth and Virginia struggle to find stability in their New Jersey town and agree that all they need is each other.
A charity shop (UK), thrift shop (USA) or opportunity shop (others) is a retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money.
They sell mainly used goods such as clothing, books, music albums, DVDs, and furniture donated by members of the public, and are often staffed by volunteers.
Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices.
Charity shops may also be referred to as thrift stores (in the United States and Canada), hospice shops, resale shops (a term that in the United States also covers consignment shops), and opportunity (or op) shops (in Australia and New Zealand).
One of the earliest charity shops was set up by the Wolverhampton Society for the Blind (now called the Beacon Centre for the Blind) in 1899 to sell goods made by blind people to raise money for the Society.
During World War I, various fund-raising activities occurred, such as a charity bazaar in Shepherd Market, London, which made £50,000 for the Red Cross.
Edinburgh University Settlement opened their 'Thrift Shop for Everyone' on Nicholson Place, Edinburgh in 1937, the Red Cross opened up its first charity shop at 17 Old Bond Street, London in 1941.
A condition of the shop licence issued by the Board of Trade was that all goods offered for sale were gifts.
The entire proceeds from sales had to be passed to the Duke of Gloucester’s Red Cross or the St John Fund.
The first Oxfam charity shop in the United Kingdom was established by Cecil Jackson-Cole in Broad Street, Oxford, and began trading in December 1947 (although the shop itself did not open until February 1948).
Environmentalists may prefer buying second-hand goods as this uses fewer natural resources and would usually do less damage to the environment than by buying new goods would, in part because the goods are usually collected locally.
In addition, reusing second-hand items is a form of recycling, and thus reduces the amount of waste going to landfill sites.
People who desire authentic vintage clothing typically shop at thrift stores since most clothing that is donated is old and out of normal fashion, or is from a recently deceased person who had not updated his clothing for a long time.
It explains that washing purchased items in hot water is just one of several ways to eliminate the risk of contracting infectious diseases.
Some charity shops, such as the British Heart Foundation, also sell a range of new goods which may be branded to the charity, or have some connection with the cause the charity supports.
Charity shops may receive overstock or obsolete goods from local for-profit businesses; the for-profit businesses benefit by taking a tax write-off and clearing unwanted goods from their store instead of throwing the goods out, which is costly.
In Australia, major national opportunity shop chains include the St. Vincent de Paul Thrift Store (trading as Vinnies) which operate 627 shops across Australia, Anglicare Shops, that currently operate in 19 locations across Sydney and the Illawarra also various locations around Australia, the Salvation Army (trading as Salvos), the Red Cross, MS Australia, and the Brotherhood of St. Laurence.
Many Oxfam shops also sell books, and the organization now operates over 70 specialist Oxfam Bookshops, making them the largest retailer of second-hand books in the United Kingdom.
Other charities with a strong presence on high streets in the UK include The Children's Society, YMCA, British Heart Foundation, Barnardos, Cancer Research UK, Shelter, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, Age UK (formerly Age Concern and Help the Aged), Marie Curie Cancer Care, Norwood, Save the Children, Scope, PDSA, Naomi House Children's Hospice and Sue Ryder Care.
Their locations can be found on the Charity Retail Association (CRA) website, along with information on charity retail, what shops can and can't accept, etc.
Donations should be taken directly to a charity shop during opening hours, as goods left on the street may be stolen or damaged by passers-by or inclement weather.
In expensive areas, donations include a proportion of good quality designer clothing and charity shops in these areas are sought out for cut-price fashions.
'Standard' charity shops sell a mix of clothing, books, toys, videos, DVDs, music (like CDs, cassette tapes and vinyl) and bric-a-brac (like cutlery and ornaments).
Each charity shop saves an average of 40 tonnes of textiles every year, by selling them in the shop, or passing them on to these textile merchants for recycling or reuse.
This grosses to around 363,000 tonnes across all charity shops in the UK; based on 2010 landfill tax value at £48 per tonne, the value of textiles reused or passed for recycling by charity shops in terms of savings in landfill tax is £17,424,000 p.a.
Gift Aid is a UK tax incentive for individual donors where, subject to a signed declaration being held by the charity, income tax paid on donations can be reclaimed by the charity.
Although initially intended only for cash donations, the scheme now (since 2006) allows tax on the income earned by charity shops acting as agent for the donor to be reclaimed.
Charity shops in the UK get mandatory 80% relief on business rates on their premises, which is funded by central government (not by local ratepayers) and is one illustration of their support for the charity sector and the role of charity shops in raising funds for charities.
Charities can apply for discretionary relief on the remaining 20%, which is an occasional source of criticism from retailers which have to pay in full.
In the United States, major national charity thrift shop operators include Goodwill Industries, Value Village/Savers, Salvation Army, St. Vincent de Paul Thrift Store, and ReStore (operated by Habitat for Humanity).
Regional operators include Deseret Industries in the Western United States, and those run by Bethesda Lutheran Communities in the Upper Midwest.
Ratu Tevita Momoedonu is a Fijian chief and has served as the fifth Prime Minister of Fiji twice – each time extremely briefly.
Both appointments were to get around constitutional technicalities; his first term of office – on 27 May 2000 lasted only a few minutes.
In 1999, Momoedonu had been elected on the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) ticket to represent the Vuda Open Constituency in the House of Representatives, and subsequently appointed to the Cabinet.
He was the only minister not present in the Parliament building when George Speight stormed the complex on 19 May 2000, taking Chaudhry and other government members hostage and staging a coup d'état.
The President, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, wanted to assume emergency powers to deal with the situation, but was unable to do so, because constitutionally, the President is not allowed to act except on the advice of the Prime Minister – and Prime Minister Chaudhry, being in captivity, was unable to render such advice.
Momoedonu served as Minister for Labour and Industrial Relations in the interim Cabinet formed by Laisenia Qarase in the midst of the upheaval that followed the coup.
Momoedonu's second appointment as Prime Minister, on 14 March 2001, came in the wake of an Appeal Court verdict that the interim government of President Josefa Iloilo and Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, both of whom had taken office when the coup had been put down, was unconstitutional, and ordered that the previous government be reinstated.
That would mean reinstating Ratu Mara as President or else convening the Great Council of Chiefs to elect a new President.
Mara moved to spare the country further constitutional trauma by resigning officially, retroactive to 29 May 2000 (the day on which he had been deposed), thereby validating the Iloilo regime, which was duly affirmed by the Great Council of Chiefs.
The court verdict was also widely interpreted to mean that Mahendra Chaudhry should be reinstated as Prime Minister, but President Iloilo disagreed.
He argued that defections from Chaudhry's Labour Party meant that he no longer had majority support in the House of Representatives, and therefore the President was not obliged to appoint him.
Iloilo had apparently decided already that the best way forward for Fiji was to take the question of the country's leadership back to the people, but he could not constitutionally call an early election except on the advice of the Prime Minister – advice that he was sure Chaudhry would refuse to render.
Cynics, including former House of Representatives Speaker Tomasi Vakatora, saw the appointment more as a case of nepotism: Momoedonu was President Iloilo's nephew.
In the ensuing election, Qarase was confirmed as Prime Minister when his newly formed Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua won a plurality.
Momoedonu, however, stood as a candidate for the House of Representatives on the Bei Kai Viti Party ticket, but was defeated.
In 2002, Momoedonu was appointed Fiji's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Japan, and duly presented his credentials to Emperor Akihito on 7 October that year.
She was launched on 19 May 1984, sponsored by Mrs. Barbara E. Dickinson, wife of William Louis Dickinson, Representative from Alabama, and commissioned at Naval Submarine Base New London at New London, Connecticut, on 25 May 1985.
An official ceremony commemorating the event was held pier-side with then-Undersecretary of the Navy H. Lawrence Garrett III heading the official greeting party.
In January 1996, the ship was awarded the Battle Efficiency E and the Strategic Operations S by the Commander of Submarine Squadron 17.
In April she conducted a VIP cruise in Dabob Bay, Washington to host the Chief of Defense of Japan and members of his staff.
The Ruskin Library is a library of the University of Lancaster which houses the Whitehouse Collection of material relating to the English poet, author and artist John Ruskin and his circle.
Designed by Sir Richard MacCormac of MacCormac Jamieson Prichard, it was opened in 1998 by Princess Alexandra, The Hon Lady Ogilvy.
The library is open to the public, although only a small part of the collection is on public display at any one time.
The library also contains approximately 7,400 letters, including 3,000 letters with his cousin Joan Severn and others such as Thomas Carlyle, Robert Browning and his publisher George Allen.
There are approximately 350 books from Ruskin's own personal library as well as 39 volumes of his published writings in various languages.
These prints are examples of Ruskin's interest in landscape and architecture, but there are also many nature studies, copies of Old Master paintings, and intimate portraits.
There is a large number of photographs that contain 140 from Ruskin's collection with an important group of 125 daguerreotypes, mostly of Gothic architecture, made under his direction.
An adaptation of Patricia Highsmith's 1955 novel of the same name, the film stars Matt Damon as Tom Ripley, Jude Law as Dickie Greenleaf, Gwyneth Paltrow as Marge Sherwood, Cate Blanchett as Meredith Logue, and Philip Seymour Hoffman as Freddie Miles.
While working at a party as a piano player, he is approached by wealthy shipbuilder Herbert Greenleaf, who mistakenly believes that Ripley attended Princeton with his son, Dickie.
After the voyage, while collecting his luggage, Ripley strikes up a friendship with an American socialite, Meredith Logue, and pretends to be Dickie.
Eventually, however, Dickie tires of him and starts spending time with his Princeton friend Freddie Miles, a womanizer who treats Ripley with contempt.
One night, Dickie catches Ripley dressed in his clothes and pretending to be him in front of a mirror, which further alienates him from Ripley.
When Dickie's father cuts off Ripley's travel funds, Dickie cancels a planned trip to Venice and tells Ripley they should part ways, but offers to take him on a short, final trip to San Remo.
They take a boat out, but when Ripley suggests they move in together, Dickie says he has grown tired of him and is going to marry Marge.
He creates the illusion that Dickie is still alive by checking into one Roman hotel as Dickie and another as himself, creating an exchange of communications between the two.
He runs into Meredith, who believes that Ripley is actually Dickie; Ripley pretends to romance her to gain access to her wealthy circle of friends.
His ruse is threatened when Marge arrives in Rome, so he breaks it off with Meredith to prevent himself from being exposed.
When the landlady tells Freddie about Dickie playing the piano and later addresses snooping Ripley as Dickie, Freddie realizes the fraud, but Ripley beats him to death with a stone bust before he can tell anyone.
Ripley prepares to kill Marge when she discovers Dickie's rings in his possession and begins to deduce what has been going on, but Peter interrupts them.
Mr. Greenleaf dismisses Marge's suspicions, and MacCarron reveals to Ripley that the police are convinced that Dickie, who had a history of violence, murdered Freddie before killing himself.
Free and clear of his crimes, Ripley boards a ship to Greece with Peter; it is implied that they are now lovers.
Ripley returns to his cabin, where Peter confronts him about knowing Meredith; a sobbing Ripley then strangles Peter to death, and returns to his cabin alone.
Famous locations included the Piazza Navona, the Spanish Steps and Piazza di Spagna in Rome, and the Caffè Florian in the Piazza San Marco, Venice.
Jude Law gained weight and learned to play the saxophone for his character; he also broke a rib when he fell backward while filming the murder scene in the boat.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 83%, based on reviews from 132 critics, with an average rating of 7.33/10.
Almost every aspect of René Clément's 1960 motion picture is superior to that of Minghella's 1999 version, from the cinematography to the acting to the screenplay.
Basketball was one of 12 women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) for sole governance of women's collegiate sports.
The AIAW continued to conduct its established championship program in the same 12 (and other) sports; however, after a year of dual women's championships, the NCAA prevailed, while the AIAW disbanded.
Attendance and interest in the Women's Division I Championship have grown over the years, especially from 2003 to 2016, when the final championship game was moved to the Tuesday following the Monday men's championship game.
From 1982 to 1990, 1996 to 2002, and since 2017 the Women's Final Four is usually played on the Friday before the Men's Final Four or the hours before the men played on the final Saturday of the tournament.
The selection process and tournament seedings are based on several factors, including team rankings, win-loss records, and Ratings Percentage Index (RPI) data.
On March 1, 2011, Bowling Green State University's director of intercollegiate athletics, Greg Christopher, was appointed chair of the NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Committee during the 2011–12 academic year.
The tournament is split into four regional tournaments, and each regional has teams seeded from 1 to 16, with the committee ostensibly making every region as comparable to the others as possible.
The AIAW also held a basketball tournament in 1982, but most of the top teams, including defending AIAW champion Louisiana Tech, decided to participate in the NCAA tournament.
The top teams (eight in the 32-, 40-, and 48-team formats, and 16 in the 64-team format) were ranked and seeded on a national basis.
Teams were moved outside of its geographic region only if it was necessary to balance the bracket, or if the proximity of an opponent outside of its region would be comparable and a more competitive game would result.
A special selection committee appointed by the NCAA determines which 64 teams will enter the tournament, and where they will be seeded and placed in the bracket.
Because of the automatic bids, only 32 teams (the at-large bids) rely on the selection committee to secure them a spot in the tournament.
Prior to the expansion of the tournament to 64 teams, all four #1 seeds advanced to the Sweet Sixteen with three exceptions.
Unlike in the men's tournament, no #14 seed has beaten a #3 and no #15 seed has beaten a #2 seed, but they have come close.
note: The 3 losses by the #1 seed vs #8/9 were: Duke (vs Michigan St, 2009), Ohio St (vs Boston College, 2006), Texas Tech (vs Notre Dame, 1998).
Two other teams have played the Final Four in their home cities, and seven others have played the Final Four in their home states.
The only team to play on its home court was Texas in 1987, which lost its semifinal game at the Frank Erwin Special Events Center.
Old Dominion enjoyed nearly as large an advantage in 1983 when the Final Four was played at the Norfolk Scope in its home city of Norfolk, Virginia, but also lost its semifinal.
Of the other teams to play in their home states, Stanford (1992) won the national title; Notre Dame (2011) lost in the championship game; and Western Kentucky (1986), Penn State (2000), Missouri State (2001), LSU (2004), and Baylor (2010) lost in the semifinals.
284 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least one year starting with 1982 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of the NCAA).
It is native to the Paraguay River basin of south-central Brazil (mainly Pantanal region), Paraguay and northeast Argentina, but there are also populations in the upper Paraná and Paraíba do Sul Rivers that likely were introduced.
Growing up to in length, the black tetra has a roughly tetragonal body shape and is greyish in colour, fading from near black at the tail to light at the nose.
It is easily distinguished from all of its congeners by the presence of a dense field of dark chromatophores spread homogeneously over the posterior one half of the body unlike the lack of such pigmentation in all congeners.
The 93rd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians and the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins.
The Indians advanced to the World Series by defeating the New York Yankees in the AL Division Series, three games to two, and then the Baltimore Orioles in the AL Championship Series, four games to two; it was Cleveland's second World Series appearance in three years.
The Marlins advanced to the World Series by defeating the San Francisco Giants in the NL Division Series, three games to none, and then the Atlanta Braves in the NL Championship Series, four games to two; the Marlins set an MLB record by reaching a World Series in just their fifth season of existence.
This was the fourth time in World Series history a Game 7 went into extra innings, and was the most recent occasion until the 2016 World Series, in which the Indians also lost in extra innings.
The previous four World Series had been presided over jointly by the league presidents (first Dr. Bobby Brown and then Gene Budig for the AL, Leonard Coleman for the NL).
The first World Series game in the state of Florida, Game 1 featured a youngster and a veteran facing each other on the mound.
Fresh off his NLCS MVP performance, Liván Hernández took the hill for the Marlins and quickly gave up a run in the first thanks to a double by leadoff man Bip Roberts and an RBI single by David Justice.
However, after the Marlins tied the game in the third on Edgar Renteria's RBI groundout with two on, they scored four runs in the fourth.
Moisés Alou's three-run home run off the left field foul pole put the Marlins up 4–1 and Charles Johnson followed with a home run to make it 5–1.
After Manny Ramírez's home run in the fifth cut the lead to 5–2, Hershiser allowed a one-out walk and single in the bottom of the inning before Jeff Conine's RBI single made it 6–2 Marlins.
Jeff Juden relieved Hershiser and after a force-out at second, threw a ball four wild pitch that let Bobby Bonilla score from third.
Jim Thome's home run cut the lead to 7–3 in the sixth, then the Indians got another run in the eighth off of Jay Powell when Marquis Grissom walked with two outs and scored on Brian Giles's double, but Florida closer Robb Nen came in the ninth and got out of a jam by striking out Sandy Alomar Jr. and Thome with two men aboard.
Both teams scored in the first, thanks to RBI singles by David Justice for the Indians after Omar Vizquel doubled with one out and Jeff Conine for the Marlins with two on.
Ogea barely escaped further damage when Moisés Alou got under a hanging curveball, but merely flied out to the warning track, missing his second three-run homer in as many nights by inches.
Brown pitched well until the fifth when the Indians took the lead by stringing together three singles by Matt Williams, Sandy Alomar Jr., and Marquis Grissom.
Later in the inning, with runners on second and third, Bip Roberts drove in a pair of runs with a single up the middle giving the Tribe a 4–1 lead.
The three-run lead ballooned to five when Alomar hit a laser into the left field stands for a two-run home run in the sixth.
Both pitchers fared poorly, with Leiter giving up seven runs (four earned) in 4 2/3 innings and Nagy gave up five in six innings.
In the bottom half, the Indians retaliated with two runs thanks to two broken bat RBI singles by Matt Williams and Sandy Alomar Jr.. Nagy's bases loaded walk to Sheffield tied the game in the third, before Florida took a 3–2 lead in the fourth on Darren Daulton's home run.
However, the Indians got a gift in the bottom of the fourth, when they drew four free passes, then a throwing error by third baseman Bobby Bonilla on Manny Ramírez's single allowed two more runs to score.
The Tribe went up 7–3 on Jim Thome's two-run home run to right in the fifth inning, which also knocked Leiter out of the game.
In the seventh, Craig Counsell hit a leadoff single off of Brian Anderson and moved to second on a groundout, then Édgar Rentería's single and Gary Sheffield's double off of Mike Jackson (who was charged with a blown save) each drove in a run, making the score 7–7.
In the ninth, Bonilla drew a leadoff walk off of reliever Eric Plunk and scored on Daulton's single aided by an error that let Daulton go to third.
After a strikeout to Alou (his third of the night) and intentional walk to pinch-hitter Cliff Floyd, an error by first baseman Thome on Plunk's pickoff attempt allowed Daulton to score.
After Charles Johnson singled, Alvin Morman relieved Plunk and an error by second baseman Tony Fernández on Counsell's ground ball allowed Floyd to score.
After Morman retired Devon White, a walk to Rentería loaded the bases before José Mesa relieved Morman and allowed two-run singles to Sheffield and Bonilla aided by a wild pitch that gave the Marlins at 14–7 lead.
In the bottom of the inning, the Indians loaded the bases on a walk and two singles with one out off of Robb Nen before Tony Fernández's sacrifice fly and Marquis Grissom's single scored a run each, then Bip Roberts' two-run double cut the lead to 14–11, but Omar Vizquel grounded out to end the game.
This was the highest scoring game for twenty years till the fifth game of the 2017 World Series between the Houston Astros and the Los Angeles Dodgers.
In the bottom of the first, Omar Vizquel singled with one out before Manny Ramírez's two-run home run put the Indians up 2–0.
The Marlins got on the board in the fourth on Jim Eisenreich's RBI single with two on, then Moisés Alou's two-run home run after a walk in the sixth cut the Indians' lead to 6–3, but that was as close as the Marlins got.
In the eighth, Williams' two-run home run after a walk capped the game's scoring at 10–3 as the Indians tied the series at two games apiece.
The Indians cut it to 2–1 in the bottom of the inning when Jim Thome tripled and scored on Sandy Alomar's single.
Next inning, Alomar launched a towering three-run home run after two walks to Thome and Matt Williams to put the Indians up 4–2.
In the sixth, Moisés Alou hit his second three-run home run off Hershiser in as many games and his third home run of the Series to put the Marlins up 5–4.
Eric Plunk then walked Craig Counsell with the bases loaded to force in Jeff Conine, with the run charged to Hershiser.
The Marlins added to their lead in the seventh when Alou hit a leadoff single off of Jeff Juden, stole second, moved to third on a groundout, and scored on Johnson's single.
Next inning, Alou's single scored pinch-runner Alex Arias (running for Bonilla) with two on off of José Mesa extended the lead to 8–4.
Robb Nen in relief allowed a two-run single to David Justice (both of the runs charged to Hernández), then a two-out RBI single to Thome before Alomar flew out to right to end the game and give the Marlins a 3–2 series lead heading back to Florida.
Game 6's attendance of 67,498 was the highest single-game attendance for the World Series since Game 5 of the 1959 World Series, when 92,706 people filled the football-oriented Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.
Chad himself drove in the first two runs with a bases-loaded single in the second, and Manny Ramírez hit a sacrifice fly in the third (after Omar Vizquel hit a leadoff double and stole third) and the fifth (after a leadoff double and subsequent single).
Darren Daulton's sacrifice fly with two on in the fifth that scored Moisés Alou from third gave the Marlins their only run of the game.
Marlins catcher Charles Johnson stepped to the plate and proceeded to hit a sharp grounder that was headed for left field and looked like a base hit.
Indians shortstop Omar Vizquel, who won the Gold Glove that year, dove for the ball, grabbed it, sprung to his feet, and hurled a perfect strike to first base just before Johnson arrived.
In the ninth, closer José Mesa wrapped up the win despite allowing a triple to Devon White to tie the Series at 3–3.
Indians manager Mike Hargrove, celebrating his forty-eighth birthday this night, made a significant strategic play prior to the start of the game.
The Indians' rotation for the series consisted of Orel Hershiser, the starter and loser of Games 1 and 5; Chad Ogea, the winning pitcher in Games 2 and 6; staff ace Charles Nagy, who received a no-decision in the wild Game 3; and rookie Jaret Wright, who had won Game 4.
Hershiser and Ogea were unable to start due to not enough rest, and based on Wright's performance, Hargrove skipped over Nagy and gave the start to the rookie on three days' rest.
Marlins manager Jim Leyland, opting to keep his rotation as it was, sent veteran starter Al Leiter out for Game 7.
That was the only hit Wright gave up through six innings, and the Indians staked him to a 2–0 lead in the third.
After Leiter retired Omar Vizquel for the second out, Tony Fernández singled to drive both runners in for the only runs of the game to that point.
Leading off the bottom of the seventh for the Marlins, Bobby Bonilla hit Wright's first pitch over the right-center field wall for a home run to cut the lead to 2–1.
After striking out Charles Johnson and walking Craig Counsell, Wright was removed from the game in favor of Paul Assenmacher who was scheduled to pitch to Cliff Floyd.
Marlins manager Jim Leyland elected to send Kurt Abbott to the plate after the pitching change; and Assenmacher retired him on a fly ball, then got Devon White swinging to end the inning.
After Antonio Alfonseca walked Matt Williams to lead off the inning and Sandy Alomar Jr. reached on a fielder's choice to take Williams off the bases, Félix Heredia gave up a single to Thome which advanced Alomar to third.
He was then pulled in favor of closer Robb Nen, inducing a groundball from Grissom to Rentería at shortstop, who elected to throw Alomar out at home, thanks in part to a great pick and tag by Johnson.
The Indians sent closer José Mesa to the mound to try to win the series in the bottom of the ninth inning.
Moisés Alou led off with a single, and Bonilla struck out swinging on a 3–2 pitch that would have been ball four.
With runners on 1st and 3rd and one out, Craig Counsell fought off a low, inside fastball from Mesa, lining it into deep right field.
Manny Ramírez caught the ball on the warning track for the second out, but Alou easily scored from third on the sacrifice fly to tie the game.
Although Mesa retired Jim Eisenreich to send the game to extra innings, his blown save would open him to criticism for years to come.
In the bottom of the frame, Mesa was lifted after giving up back-to-back one-out singles and replaced by Game 3 starter Nagy, who got Alou to fly out to end the threat.
After walking Williams, leading off the top of the 11th inning, Jay Powell retired Cleveland in order thanks to an alert fielder's choice on a sacrifice bunt by Alomar, which Powell fielded and threw out the lead runner at 2nd, followed by a Jim Thome inning-ending double play.
Instead, the ball was misplayed by Fernández, slipping under his glove and into right field, and Bonilla advanced to third on the error.
After Nagy loaded the bases with an intentional walk to Eisenreich, he got White to ground into a fielder's choice to Fernández, who elected to not go for the double play but instead quickly threw Bonilla out at the plate for the second out.
With the bases loaded and 2 outs in the bottom of the 11th inning, Rentería stepped to the plate and lined Nagy's 0-1 slider up the middle, beyond Nagy's reach and between middle infielders Fernández and Gold Glove shortstop Vizquel.
An exuberant Counsell scored from third, and jumped on home plate, his fists in the air in celebration—as the series-winning run.
Rentería, in jubilation, removed his helmet with tears in his eyes before touching first base, having hit a World Series winning walk-off single.
After Game 7, the trophy presentation, usually taking place in the winning team's locker room regardless of venue, took place on the field for the first time ever before the crowd of 67,204.
It was presided over by then-Chairman of the Executive Committee Bud Selig, who first did the honors in 1995 and would officially become Commissioner of Baseball in 1998.
This is now a standard procedure whenever the champions are the home team of the deciding game (the only exception being 1999 when the New York Yankees chose to celebrate in their locker room).
Chad Ogea became the first pitcher since Mickey Lolich in 1968 to have at least two hits and two RBIs in a World Series.
The Marlins won despite not having Alex Fernandez, their number-two starter, who did not pitch due to a rotator cuff injury.
In reality, the movie stated that, in 2015, a Miami team with an alligator mascot would lose to the Chicago Cubs in the World Series.
Ironically, the actual Cubs' 2015 season also ended on October 21, and in a four-game sweep, but this time, they lost to the New York Mets in that year's NLCS.
On October 31, 1997, most of the fan favorites of the 1997 Marlins were traded, including Moisés Alou, who was traded to the Houston Astros, and Al Leiter to the New York Mets, in a fire sale so infamous that it has come to synonymize the term in the baseball world.
Midway through the 1998 season, the Marlins would trade Jim Eisenreich, Bobby Bonilla, Gary Sheffield, and Charles Johnson to the Dodgers for Todd Zeile and Mike Piazza.
He managed the Colorado Rockies in 1999, then scouted for several years before joining the Detroit Tigers as manager in 2006 and taking them to the World Series and losing in five games.
Marlins owner H. Wayne Huizenga, who dodged questions about selling the team during the on-field celebration, ultimately sold the team to John W. Henry after the 1998 season.
Henry in turn sold it to former Montreal Expos owner Jeffrey Loria in 2001 as part of a deal to purchase the Boston Red Sox.
Huizenga continued to be the team's landlord at what is now Hard Rock Stadium until 2008, when he sold it with the Miami Dolphins to Stephen M. Ross.
Though Mesa did not actually bean Vizquel every time he subsequently faced him, he did hit him with pitches at least twice.
The rest of the nation received the scheduled Green Bay Packers–New England Patriots game, the only time a rematch of a previous season's Super Bowl aired on ABC.
It was also the first time in ten years, since the Denver Broncos at the Minnesota Vikings, that a football game was moved to Monday Night because of the World Series.
Also, largely as a result of over 67,000 attending every World Series game played in Pro Player Stadium in Miami, the 1997 World Series became just the second to draw a total attendance of over 400,000 for the entire series.
The only other World Series to draw more than 400,000 in attendance was the 1959 World Series, which had three of its six games played at the Los Angeles Coliseum, which drew over 92,000 for each game played at the Coliseum in that World Series.
As previously mentioned, the Indians also made it to the World Series in 2016, but in losing to the Chicago Cubs in seven games, they replaced the Cubs (who until then had not won the Series since 1908) as the team with the longest championship drought, having last won in 1948.
In , NBC televised Games 2, 3, and 6, while rival ABC televised Games 1, 4, and 5, having split that series since ABC was promised the strike-cancelled 1994 World Series.
Starting with the 1996 World Series, NBC and Fox would alternate World Series broadcast rights for the next five seasons, with NBC broadcasting in odd-numbered years and Fox in even-numbered years.
This arrangement ended in , when Fox became the exclusive U.S. television network for the World Series (a status it retains through at least 2028).
NBC's West Coast president Don Ohlmeyer disturbed Major League Baseball when he publicly wished the World Series to end in a four-game sweep so that it wouldn't derail NBC's fall entertainment schedule.
Ironically enough, the National Baseball Hall of Fame would present Uecker with its Ford C. Frick Award six years later, while Costas would not receive the honor until 2018.
Also working for NBC's coverage were Jim Gray, who served as field reporter, and Ray Knight, Ron MacLean and Ahmad Rashad who alternated as dugout reporters.
Vin Scully and Jeff Torborg were CBS Radio's announcers for the Series (the latter had once managed the Indians and would later manage the Marlins).
This was Scully's eleventh and final World Series call for CBS Radio, and seventh consecutive since he rejoined the network following NBC's 1989 loss of baseball.
It was also Scully's 25th and final World Series broadcast overall, including fourteen others he called for NBC and/or the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Torborg would continue to call games for Fox television until the end of the 2000 season, working alongside John Rooney and Chip Caray, when he elected to return to managing and was hired by the Montreal Expos.
Game 7 was the final Major League Baseball game called by longtime Indians radio announcer Herb Score, as he retired at season's end.
Score's broadcast partner, Tom Hamilton, would take over as lead announcer and remains in that position as of the 2019 season.
It also marked the final game carried by Indians flagship station WKNR (1220); the broadcast rights would be moved to WTAM for the 1998 season.
As one of the bands of the new wave of British heavy metal scene, they started out with the name Warrior and morphed into Battleaxe sometime in early 1980.
The record company asked the band for some concept ideas for the cover artwork, so the guys asked a friend and local artist Arthur Ball if he could come up with anything.
However, when Roadrunner received the proof artwork for approval, they went ahead and pressed 2000 units for a worldwide release without the band's consent.
Thompson's injuries were very bad and took a long time to heal but the band's momentum was still ongoing with the signing to Road Runner Records and was contracted to complete a second album by the end of the year.
They continued on with the same line up to complete a BBC Radio One Session on the Tommy Vance Friday Rock show.
On the eve of a major appearance at Hammersmith Odeon London in support of Saxon on their Crusader tour, some A&R guys from Atlantic Records were showing interest.
It was then, for still unknown reasons to the band and fans, that Steve Hardy quit and they had to pull out of what could have been a major signing.
It took almost two years before a new lineup was found that was somewhere near the quality and spirit to what they had.
That happened when they toured the UK in support of Madam X, who had to pull out of the tour due to an illness, leaving Battleaxe to headline.
That lead and rhythm guitar combination put a new level and fuller sound to the band's performances live as well as in the studio.
John Stormont, one of the best lead guitarists around at the time, contributed a phenomenal lead break performance on the track Killer Woman.
Sadly, John left the band for domestic reasons, and afterwards, there was a rotating door of musicians until 1987 when they recruited Jason Holt on guitar and Stew Curtan on drums (after Ian McCormack hung up his sticks).
During this period of instability, the band were lucky enough to have met drummer Paul AT Kinson from Newcastle, filling in now and then, but not joining the band until a later date.
With this lineup, their sound had fattened, being made more powerful and adding much versatility that was not possible with one guitarist.
Unfortunately again, as the way bands tend to do, this promising new lineup lasted only a short time before the lack of demand in the UK for good quality British rock died and a new wave of death metal and grunge appeared.
Metallica, when first appearing on the metal scene, wanted to tour the UK and Europe with Battleaxe but because of strange politics within the band, changed their minds.
In 1995/6/7/8 the band hired another guitarist for a short while and did a one off show to a small audience at Klenal Hall Biker's Festival.
In 2007 the four piece (Mick Percy Guitar, Paul AT Kinson (ex Jess Cox/Skyclad/Bob Dee-USA) and the two founding members, Brian Smith Bass, and Dave King Vocal (not the Fastaway vocalist Dave King) shot a video to the track Chopper Attack, the video appeared to relaunch the band onto the re-emerging NWOBHM scene.
In 2010, the band returned on to the Metal scene performing their first live show in Europe at Headbangers Open Air.
For some reason (unknown) drummer Paul AT Kinson and guitarist Mick Percy were written out of the contract (Ref int Oliver Hahn 2014).
However, the distance between Squires (living in Ayrshire) and the band in Newcastle upon Tyne, made it difficult to continue (Squires was a poor fit for the band, lacking the power and youthfulness required to project their music effectively).
Battleaxe are using stand-in session drummer Steve Rix who played regularly with the late Chris Tsangarides (the band had planned to use Tsangarides to produce their new album in 2017/2018).
However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability.
Most children with communication disorders are able to speak by the time they enter school, however, they continue to have problems with communication.
Some of the major differences between these theories involves whether or not environment disrupts normal development, or if abnormalities are pre-determined.
The theories vary in the part each factor has to play in normal development, thus affecting how the abnormalities are caused.
In his works he compares developmental disorders in traumatized children to adults with post-traumatic stress disorder, linking extreme environmental stress to the cause of developmental difficulties.
A 2017 study tested all 20,000 genes in about 4,300 families with children with rare developmental difficulties in the UK and Ireland in order to identify if these difficulties had a genetic cause.They found 14 new developmental disorders caused by spontaneous genetic mutations not found in either parent (such as a fault in the CDK13 gene).
There is a wide range of cases and severity to ASD so it is very hard to detect the first signs of ASD.
A diagnosis of ASD can be made accurately before the child is 3 years old, but the diagnosis of ASD is not commonly confirmed until the child is somewhat older.
The age of diagnosis can range from 9 months to 14 years, and the mean age is 4 years old in the USA.
The occurrence of ASD in one child can increase the risk of the next child having ASD by 50 to 100 times.
Sometimes the left lobe of the brain is affected and this causes neuropsychological symptoms.The distribution of white matter, the nerve fibers that link diverse parts of the brain, is abnormal.
The corpus callosum, the band of nerve fibers, that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain also gets affected in ASD.
A study also found that 33% of people who suffered from AgCC (agenesis of the corpus callosum), a condition in which the corpus callosum is partially or completely absent, had scores higher than the autism screening cut-off.
Recent fMRI studies have also found altered connectivity within the social brain areas due to ASD and may be related to the social impairments encountered in ASD.
These are predominantly seen by unresponsiveness in conversations, lesser emotional sharing, inability to initiate conversations, inability to interpret body language, avoidance of eye-contact and difficulty maintaining relationships.
A rigid adherence to schedules and inflexibility to adapt even if a minor change is made to their routine is also one of the behavioral symptoms of ASD.
Children between 0 and 36 months with ASD show a lack of eye contact, seem to be deaf, lack a social smile, do not like being touched or held, have unusual sensory behavior and show a lack of imitation.
Children between 12 and 24 months with ASD show a lack of gestures, prefer to be alone, do not point to objects to indicate interest, are easily frustrated with challenges, and lack of functional play.
And finally children between the ages 24 to 36 months with ASD show a lack of symbolic play and an unusual interest in certain objects, or moving objects.
There is no specific treatment for autism spectrum disorders, but there are several types of therapy effective in easing the symptoms of autism, such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Speech-language therapy, Occupational therapy or Sensory integration therapy.
ABA focuses on teaching adaptive behaviors like social skills, play skills, or communication skills and diminishing problematic behaviors like eloping or self-injury.
This is done by creating a specialized plan that uses behavioral therapy techniques, such as positive or negative reinforcement, to encourage or discourage certain behaviors over-time.
Occupational therapy helps autistic children and adults learn everyday skills that help them with daily tasks, such as personal hygiene and movement.
An occupational therapist will create a plan based on the patient's’ needs and desires and work with them to achieve their set goals.
Speech-language Pathologists (SLP) may teach someone how to communicate more effectively with others or work on starting to develop speech patterns.
Many types of therapy activities involve a form of play, such as using swings, toys and trampolines to help engage the patients with sensory stimuli.
ADHD affects 8 to 11% of children in the school going age but because the criteria for diagnosing ADHD is unclear, this number is believed to be an overestimate by many researchers.
ADHD is twice as common in boys than girls but it is seen that the hyperactive/impulsive type is more common in boys while the inattentive type affects both sexes equally.
Many of the behaviors that are associated with ADHD include poor control over actions resulting in disruptive behavior and academic problems.
Behavioral study of these children can show a history of other symptoms such as temper tantrums, mood swings, sleep disturbances and aggressiveness.
Sessions of counselling, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), making environmental changes in noise and visual stimulation are some behavioral management techniques followed.
Medications commonly used in the treatment of ADHD are primarily stimulants such as methylphenidate and lisdexamphetamine and non-stimulants such as atomoxetine.
The Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River (sometimes called the Clark's Fork River) is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, 150 mi (241 km) long in the U.S. states of Montana and Wyoming.
It rises in southern Montana, in the Gallatin National Forest in the Beartooth Mountains, approximately 4 mi (6 km) northeast of Cooke City and southwest of Granite Peak.
It flows southeast into the Shoshone National Forest in northwest Wyoming, east of Yellowstone National Park, then northeast back into Montana.
The Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River should not be confused with the Clark Fork River, which is located in Montana and Idaho.
Convair received a request from the United States Navy in 1945 for the design of a large flying boat using new technology developed during World War II, especially the laminar flow wing and still-developing turboprop technology.
The Navy decided not to proceed with the patrol boat version, instead directing that the design should be developed into a passenger and cargo aircraft.
One of the XP5Y-1 prototypes was lost in a non-fatal accident on 15 July 1953, while design and development continued on the passenger and cargo version of the aircraft.
Major changes were the removal of all armament and of the tailplane dihederal, the addition of a 10 ft (3.05 m) port-side access hatch, and redesigned engine nacelles to accept improved T40-A-10 engines.
The first two prototypes built were in P5Y configuration, armed with 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) of munitions (bombs, mines, depth charges, torpedoes) and five pairs of 20 mm cannon in fore and aft side emplacements and a tail turret.
The final six were built as the R3Y-2 variant with a lifting nose and high cockpit (similar in concept to the C-5 Galaxy's nose and cockpit) for heavier transport and landing-ship duties.
In practice, it was discovered that it was almost impossible for the pilots to hold the aircraft steady and nose on to the beach while the aircraft was loaded or unloaded.
They had a short service life because of the unsolvable unreliability problems of their Allison T40 turboprop engines, a fate common to most T40-powered aircraft, such as the Douglas A2D Skyshark attack aircraft.
Problems with the engine/propeller combination led to the ending of Tradewind operations and the unit was disbanded on 16 April 1958.
In September 1956 one example was the first aircraft to successfully refuel four others simultaneously in flight in 1956, refuelling four Grumman F9F Cougars.
The crash of one of the two XP5Y-1 aircraft was judged due to catastrophic engine failure; when little progress was being made with the engine problems, the Navy halted the program.
Subsequently, three more aircraft were lost through engine failures, and the Navy gave up on the T-40 and aircraft powered by it.
Listvyanka () is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Irkutsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located from Irkutsk, near the point where the Angara River leaves Lake Baikal.
The character is a building and loan banker who sacrifices his dreams in order to help his community of Bedford Falls to the point where he feels life has passed him by.
Eventually, due to difficulties in keeping the building and loan solvent, Bailey falls into despair so deep that he contemplates suicide, until his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody, gives him a valuable perspective on the worth of his life.
George finds through Odbody's angelic power and gift what life would be like if he didn't have his wife, Mary, his children and friends, and what their lives and the social structure of Bedford Falls would be like without him.
The character was listed ninth on the American Film Institute's 2003 list of the 50 greatest screen heroes, although there are points of view that the movie's true hero is either Mary or Mr. Potter.
In the winter of 1919, George (aged 12, portrayed by Bobby Anderson) and his friends Bert, Ernie Bishop, Marty Hatch, Sam Wainwright, and his brother Harry are sledding on a frozen river.
In May 1920, George returns to his job at Mr. Gower's drug store, where he finds a telegram informing Gower that his son has died in the Spanish flu pandemic.
A shaken Gower directs George to deliver medicine to a customer, but George realizes that in his distress Gower has inadvertently put poison into the capsules.
He seeks advice from his father, who is president of the Bailey Brothers Building & Loan, but his father is meeting with Henry F. Potter, one of the shareholders.
When he returns to the store, Gower angrily slaps him around for not delivering the capsules until George's bad ear bleeds and George blurts out Gower's mistake.
He drops by his brother Harry's graduation party at the high school, where he is re-introduced to his friend Marty's eighteen-year-old sister, Mary Hatch.
Three months later, George is in a meeting with the board of directors of the Building & Loan to appoint a new successor to the late Peter Bailey.
The directors tell George that the Building & Loan will only stay open if he agrees to remain and carry on his father's work.
George foregoes a trip to Europe and his plans for college, giving the funds saved toward tuition to his younger brother.
In 1932, George and Uncle Billy are waiting at the Bedford Falls railroad station for Harry to come home from college, when Harry arrives with his new wife, Ruth.
Her father has offered Harry a job, which means he would not be taking George's place at the Building & Loan.
Although Harry vows to turn the offer down for George's sake, George cannot bear to allow his brother to throw away such an opportunity, so he remains in Bedford Falls.
While the family is celebrating Harry's return, Ma Bailey mentions to George that Mary Hatch is back from college and he should pay her a visit.
He eventually goes to Mary's home to visit her, only to find that she is being courted by his friend, the now wealthy, but absent, Sam Wainwright.
Their plans for a honeymoon in New York City and Bermuda are interrupted by a run on the banks which also affects the Building & Loan.
In 1934, thanks to the Building & Loan, the Martini family move out of 'Potter's Field' to the new 'Bailey Park', a residential development created by George that proves successful enough to seriously threaten Mr. Potter's rental interests.
During the war years, George and Mary had another two children, a girl, Zuzu, born in 1940, and a son, Tommy, born in 1941.
Marty helped capture the Bridge at Remagen, Sam made a lot of money making plastic hoods for planes, and Harry fought as a naval flyer and shot down fifteen planes, two of which were attacking a troop transport.
Despite having to look after four children, Mary still had time to run the United Service Organizations in the town, and Mr. Potter became head of the draft board.
On Christmas Eve morning, Uncle Billy is on his way to the bank to deposit $8,000 of the Building & Loan's cash funds.
After returning to his office, Potter opens the paper, notices the money and keeps it, knowing that displacement of bank money would result in bankruptcy for the Building & Loan and criminal charges for George.
George and Billy go through the town taking every step Billy took in the morning and it goes to a dead end.
To add to his anger, he finds out his youngest daughter Zuzu has come home with a cold, which George blames on her teacher.
He then gets frustrated with his family and ends up smashing up the models of buildings and bridges he had made.
Inspired by this comment, Clarence shows George what the town would have been like without him, with the snow outside stopping as the change is made.
In this alternative scenario Bedford Falls is instead named Pottersville, and is home to sleazy nightclubs, pawn shops, and amoral people.
Martini does not own the bars and is instead run by Nick, now with a gruff personality, who throws George and Clarence out of the bar.
Harry is dead as a result of George not being there to save him from drowning, and the servicemen he would have saved also died.
His prayer is answered, shown as the snow restarts, and he runs home joyously, where the authorities are waiting to arrest him.
Mary, Uncle Billy, and a flood of townspeople arrive with more than enough donations to save George and the Building & Loan.
A qanat or kariz is a gently sloping underground channel to transport water from an aquifer or water well to surface for irrigation and drinking, acting as an underground aqueduct.
The qanats still create a reliable supply of water for human settlements and irrigation in hot, arid, and semi-arid climates, but the value of this system is directly related to the quality, volume, and regularity of the water flow.
According to most sources, the qanat technology was developed in ancient Iran by the Persian people sometime in the early 1st millennium BC, and spread from there slowly westward and eastward.
Traditionally it is recognized that the qanat technology was invented in ancient Iran sometime in the early 1st millennium BC, and spread from there slowly westward and eastward.
He concludes that the technology originated in South East Arabia and was taken to Persia, likely by the Sasanian conquest of the Oman peninsular.
In 2013, Boualem Remini and Bachir Achour, stated that the origin of the qanat technology is uncertain, yet confirmed the technology was in use in northwest Iran c.1000 BCE.
In contrast, the origin of the spring-flow tunnel was the development of a natural spring to renew or increase flow following a recession of the water table.
It is very common for a qanat to start below the foothills of mountains, where the water table is closest to the surface.
From this source, the qanat tunnel slopes gently downward, slowly converging with the steeper slope of the land surface above, and the water finally flows out above ground where the two levels meet.
The qanat system has the advantage of being resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, and to deliberate destruction in war.
Furthermore, it is almost insensitive to the levels of precipitation, delivering a flow with only gradual variations from wet to dry years.
Much of the population of Iran and other arid countries in Asia and North Africa historically depended upon the water from qanats; the areas of population corresponded closely to the areas where qanats are possible.
Although a qanat was expensive to construct, its long-term value to the community, and thereby to the group that invested in building and maintaining it, was substantial.
Fields and gardens are located both over the qanats a short distance before they emerge from the ground and below the surface outlet.
The water is freshest, cleanest, and coolest in the upper reaches and more prosperous people live at the outlet or immediately upstream of the outlet.
When the qanat is still below ground, the water is drawn to the surface via water wells or animal driven Persian wells.
Further, air flow from the qanat is used to cool an underground summer room (shabestan) found in many older houses and buildings.
As a result, the cities and towns are oriented consistent with the gradient of the land; this is a practical response to efficient water distribution over varying terrain.
The search begins at the point where the alluvial fan meets the mountains or foothills; water is more abundant in the mountains because of orographic lifting and excavation in the alluvial fan is relatively easy.
A trial well is then dug to determine the location of the water table and determine whether a sufficient flow is available to justify construction.
The equipment is straightforward: containers (usually leather bags), ropes, reels to raise the container to the surface at the shaft head, hatchets and shovels for excavation, lights, spirit levels or plumb bobs and string.
Although the construction methods are simple, the construction of a qanat requires a detailed understanding of subterranean geology and a degree of engineering sophistication.
The gradient of the qanat must be carefully controlled: too shallow a gradient yields no flow and too steep a gradient will result in excessive erosion, collapsing the qanat.
And misreading the soil conditions leads to collapses, which at best require extensive rework and at worst are fatal for the crew.
For a shallow qanat, one worker typically digs the horizontal shaft, one raises the excavated earth from the shaft and one distributes the excavated earth at the top.
The crew typically begins from the destination to which the water will be delivered into the soil and works toward the source (the test well).
Vertical shafts are excavated along the route, separated at a distance of 20–35 m. The separation of the shafts is a balance between the amount of work required to excavate them and the amount of effort required to excavate the space between them, as well as the ultimate maintenance effort.
The vertical shafts usually range from in depth, although qanats in the province of Khorasan have been recorded with vertical shafts of up to .
If the earth is soft and easy to work, at depth a crew of four workers can excavate a horizontal length of per day.
When the vertical shaft reaches , they can excavate only 20 meters horizontally per day and at in depth this drops below 5 horizontal meters per day.
It is mounded around the vertical shaft exit, providing a barrier that prevents windblown or rain driven debris from entering the shafts.
However the downward gradient must not be so great as to create conditions under which the water transitions between supercritical and subcritical flow; if this occurs, the waves that result can result in severe erosion that can damage or destroy the qanat.
In cases where the gradient is steeper, underground waterfalls may be constructed with appropriate design features (usually linings) to absorb the energy with minimal erosion.
To be sustainable, restoration needs to take into account many nontechnical factors beginning with the process of selecting the qanat to be restored.
Selection criteria included the availability of a steady groundwater flow, social cohesion and willingness to contribute of the community using the qanat, and the existence of a functioning water-rights system.
A wind tower is a chimney-like structure positioned above the house; of its four openings, the one opposite the wind direction is opened to move air out of the house.
The air flow across the vertical shaft opening creates a lower pressure (see Bernoulli effect) and draws cool air up from the qanat tunnel, mixing with it.
The air from the qanat is drawn into the tunnel at some distance away and is cooled both by contact with the cool tunnel walls/water and by the transfer of latent heat of evaporation as water evaporates into the air stream.
In dry desert climates this can result in a greater than 15 °C reduction in the air temperature coming from the qanat; the mixed air still feels dry, so the basement is cool and only comfortably moist (not damp).
But in a more usual and sophisticated method they built a wall in the east–west direction near the yakhchal (ice pit).
In winter, the qanat water would be channeled to the north side of the wall, whose shade made the water freeze more quickly, increasing the ice formed per winter day.
A large underground space with thick insulated walls was connected to a qanat, and a system of windcatchers or wind towers was used to draw cool subterranean air up from the qanat to maintain temperatures inside the space at low levels, even during hot summer days.
To add to the troubles, as of 2008 the cost of labour has become very high and maintaining the Kariz structures is no longer possible.
A number of the large farmers are abandoning their Kariz which has been in their families sometimes for centuries, and moving to tube and dug wells backed by diesel pumps.
However, the government of Afghanistan is aware of the importance of these structures and all efforts are being made to repair, reconstruct and maintain (through the community) the kariz.
American forces are reported to have unintentionally destroyed some of the channels during expansion of a military base, creating tensions between them and the local community.
In the summer, especially in July and August, the amount of water reaches its minimum, creating a critical situation in the water supply system.
Archaeological findings suggest that long before the ninth century AD, kahrizes by which the inhabitants brought potable and irrigation water to their settlements were in use in Azerbaijan.
It is estimated that until the 20th century, nearly 1500 kahrizes, of which as many as 400 were in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, existed in Azerbaijan.
In 1999, upon the request of the communities in Nakhichevan, taking into consideration the needs and priorities of the communities, especially women as the main beneficiaries, IOM began implementing a pilot programme to rehabilitate the kahrizes.
By 2018 IOM rehabilitated more than 163 kahrizes with funds from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), European Commission (EC), Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, US State Department (BPRM) and the self-contribution of the local communities.
During the First Phase of the action which lasted until January 2013, a total of 20 kahrizes in the mainland of Azerbaijan have been renovated.
In June 2018, the Second Phase has been launched and by 2022, IOM and KOICA aim to renovate fully a total of 40 kahrizes.
The number of karez systems in the area is slightly below 1,000, and the total length of the canals is about 5,000 kilometers.
Turpan has long been the center of a fertile oasis and an important trade center along the Northern Silk Road, at which time it was adjacent to the kingdoms of Korla and Karashahr to the southwest.
The Turfan Water Museum is a Protected Area of the People's Republic of China because of the importance of the Turpan karez water system to the history of the area.
Valliyil Govindankutty Assistant Professor in Geography Government College Chittur was responsible for unraveling Karez Systems of Bidar and has been supporting District Administration with research outputs towards conservation of the Karez system.
A report was submitted to District Administration of Bidar and highlights many new facts which do not exist in previous documentations.
The research support provided by Valliyil Govindankutty to the District Administration has led to the initiation of cleaning the debris and collapsed sections paving the way to its rejuvenation.
The cleaning of karez has led to bringing water to higher areas of the plateau, and it has in turn recharged the wells in the vicinity.
The mother well of this karez has been discovered by Valliyil Govindankutty and Team YUVAA during survey near Gornalli Kere, a historic embankment.
The third system called Jamna mori is more of a distribution system within the old city area with many channels crisscrossing the city lanes.
The system starts at Torwi and extends as shallow aqueducts and further as pipes; further it becomes deeper from the Sainik school area onward which exists as a tunnel dug through the geology.
The system is approx 6 km long starts from the alluvial fans of Satpura hills in the north of the town.
It has been suggested that underground temples at Gua Made in Java reached by shafts, in which masks of a green metal were found, originated as a qanat.
As transregional trade networks expanded and intensified, cotton spread from its homeland to India and into the Middle East where it devastated the agricultural systems already in place there.
Much of Persia was initially too hot for the crop to be cultivated; to solve that problem, the qanat was developed first in modern-day Iran, where it doubled the amount of available water for irrigation and urban use.
One of the oldest and largest known qanats is in the Iranian city of Gonabad, and after 2,700 years still provides drinking and agricultural water to nearly 40,000 people.
Since 2002, UNESCO's International Hydrological Programme (IHP) Intergovernmental Council began investigating the possibility of an international qanat research center to be located in Yazd, Iran.
The Qanats of Gonabad, also called kariz Kai Khosrow, is one of the oldest and largest qanats in the world built between 700 BC to 500 BC.
According to Callisthenes, the Persians were using water clocks in 328 BCE to ensure a just and exact distribution of water from qanats to their shareholders for agricultural irrigation.
Many of the Iranian qanats bear some characteristics which allow us to call them feat of engineering, considering the intricate techniques used in their construction.
The eastern and central regions of Iran hold the most qanats due to low precipitation and lack of permanent surface streams, whereas a small number of qanats can be found in the northern and western parts which receive more rainfall and enjoy some permanent rivers.
Respectively the provinces Khorasan Razavi, Southern Khorasan, Isfahan and Yazd accommodate the most qanats, but from the viewpoint of water discharge the provinces Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Fars and Kerman are ranked first to fourth.
a Technique for Obtaining Water), He argues that the ancient Iranians made use of the water that the miners wished to get rid of it, and founded a basic system named qanat or Kariz to supply the required water to their farm lands.
According to Goblot, this innovation took place in the northwest of the present Iran somewhere bordering Turkey and later was introduced to the neighboring Zagros Mountains.
According to an inscription left by Sargon II, the king of Assyria, In 714 BC he invaded the city of Uhlu lying in the northwest of Uroomiye lake that lay in the territory of Urartu empire, and then he noticed that the occupied area enjoyed a very rich vegetation even though there was no river running across it.
So he managed to discover the reason why the area could stay green, and realized that there were some qanats behind the matter.
In fact it was Ursa, the king of the region, who had rescued the people from thirst and turned Uhlu into a prosperous and green land.
Goblot believes that the influence of the Medeans and Achaemenids made the technology of qanat spread from Urartu (in the western north of Iran and near the present border between Iran and Turkey) to all over the Iranian plateau.
It was an Achaemenid ruling that in case someone succeeded in constructing a qanat and bringing groundwater to the surface in order to cultivate land, or in renovating an abandoned qanat, the tax he was supposed to pay the government would be waived not only for him but also for his successors for up to 5 generations.
For example, following Darius's order, Silaks the naval commander of the Persian army and Khenombiz the royal architect managed to construct a qanat in the oasis of Kharagha in Egypt.
Beadnell believes that qanat construction dates back to two distinct periods: they were first constructed by the Persianse, and later the Romans dug some other qanats during their reign in Egypt from 30 BC to 395 AD.
The magnificent temple built in this area during Darius's reign shows that there was a considerable population depending on the water of qanats.
In a study by Russian orientalist scholars it has been mentioned that: the Persians used the side branches of rivers, mountain springs, wells and qanats to supply water.
These galleries were linked to the surface through some vertical shafts which were sunk in order to get access to the gallery to repair it if necessary.
According to the historical records, the Parthian kings did not care about the qanats the way the Achaemenid kings and even Sassanid kings did.
As an instance, Arsac III, one of the Parthian kings, destroyed some qanats in order to make it difficult for Seleucid Antiochus to advance further while fighting him.
The government proceeded to repair or dredge the qanats that were abandoned or destroyed for any reason, and construct the new qanats if necessary.
A document written in the Pahlavi language pointed out the important role of qanats in developing the cities at that time.
In Iran, the advent of Islam, which coincided with the overthrow of the Sassanid dynasty, brought about a profound change in religious, political, social and cultural structures.
As an instance, M. Lombard reports that the Moslem clerics who lived during Abbasid period, such as Abooyoosef Ya’qoob (death 798 AD) stipulated that whoever can bring water to the idle lands in order to cultivate, his tax would be waived and he would be entitled to the lands cultivated.
Therefore, this policy did not differ from that of the Achaemenids in not getting any tax from the people who revived abandoned lands.
After the time of Haroon al-Rashid, during the caliph Moghtader’s reign this qanat fell into decay, but he rehabilitated it, and the qanat was rehabilitated again after it collapsed during the reign of two other caliphs named Ghaem and Naser.
The inhabitants of Neyshaboor used to come to Abdollah bin Tahir in order to request him to intervene, for they fought over their qanats and found the relevant instruction or law on qanat as a solution neither in the prophet's quotations nor in the clerics’ writings.
This book collected all the rulings on qanats which could be of use to whoever wanted to judge a dispute over this issue.
One can deduce from these facts that during the above-mentioned period the number of qanats was so considerable that the authorities were prompted to put together some legal instructions concerning them.
Also it shows that from the ninth to eleventh centuries the qanats that were the hub of the agricultural systems were also of interest to the government.
Apart from The Book of Alghani, which is considered as a law booklet focusing on qanat-related rulings based on Islamic principles, there is another book about groundwater written by Karaji in 1010.
Some of the innovations described in this book were introduced for the first time in the history of hydrogeology, and some of its technical methods are still valid and can be applied in qanat construction.
The content of this book implies that its writer (Karaji) did not have any idea that there was another book on qanats compiled by the clergymen.
For example, Mohammad bin Hasan quotes Aboo-Hanifeh that in case someone constructs a qanat in abandoned land, someone else can dig another qanat in the same land on the condition that the second qanat is 500 zera’ (375 meters) away from the first one.
In the 13th century, the invasion of Iran by Mongolian tribes reduced many qanats and irrigation systems to ruin, and many qanats were deserted and dried up.
Later, in the era of the Ilkhanid dynasty especially at the time of Ghazan Khan and his Persian minister Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah, some measures were taken to revive the qanats and irrigation systems.
These deeds of endowment indicate that much attention was given to the qanats during the reign of Ilkhanids, but it is attributable to their Persian ministers, who influenced them.
In the years 1984–1985 the ministry of energy took a census of 28,038 qanats whose total discharge was 9 billion cubic meters.
10 years later in 2002–2003 the number of the qanats was reported as 33,691 with a total discharge of 8 billion cubic meters.
In the restricted regions there are 317,225 wells, qanats and springs that discharge 36,719 million cubic meters water a year, out of which 3,409 million cubic meters is surplus to the aquifer capacity.
in 2005, in the country as a whole, there were 130,008 deep wells with a discharge of 31,403 million cubic meter, 33,8041 semi deep wells with a discharge of 13,491 million cubic meters, 34,355 qanats with a discharge of 8,212 million cubic meters, and 55,912 natural springs with a discharge of 21,240 million cubic meters.
A survey of qanat systems in the Kurdistan region of Iraq conducted by the Department of Geography at Oklahoma State University (USA) on behalf of UNESCO in 2009 found that out of 683 karez systems, some 380 were still active in 2004, but only 116 in 2009.
Water shortages are said to have forced, since 2005, over 100,000 people who depended for their livelihoods on karez systems to leave their homes.
The study says that a single karez has the potential to provide enough household water for nearly 9,000 individuals and irrigate over 200 hectares of farmland.
UNESCO and the government of Iraq plan to rehabilitate the karez through a Karez Initiative for Community Revitalization to be launched in 2010.
In Japan there are several dozen qanat-like structures, locally known as 'mambo' or 'manbo', most notably in the Mie- and Gifu Prefectures.
Whereas some link their origin clearly to the Chinese karez, and therefore to the Iranian source, a Japanese conference in 2008 found insufficient scientific studies to evaluate the origins of the mambo.
Among the qanats built in the Roman Empire, the long Gadara Aqueduct in northern Jordan was possibly the longest continuous qanat ever built.
Partly following the course of an older Hellenistic aqueduct, excavation work arguably started after a visit by emperor Hadrian in 129–130 AD.
The acute shortage of water resources give water a decisive role in the regional conflicts arose in the course of history of Balochistan.
Similarly, the distribution and unbiased flow of water to different stockholders also necessitate the importance of different societal classes in Balochistan in general and particularly in Makoran.
The role of sarrishta in some cases hierarchical and passing from generations within the family and he must have the knowledge of the criteria of unbiased distribution of water among different issadar.
The sharing of water is based on a complex indigenous system of measurement depends upon time and space particularly to the phases of moon; the hangams.
Based on seasonal variations and share of water the hangams are apportioned among various owners over period of seven or fourteen days.
Therefore, if a person own 16 quotas it means that he is entitled for water for eight days in high seasons and 16 days in winter when water level went down as well as expectation of winter rain (Baharga) in Makran region.
The twelve-hour water quota again subdivided into several sub-fractions of local measuring scales such as tas or pad (Dr Gul Hasan Pro VC LUAWMS, 2 day National conference on Kech).
In Oman from the Iron Age Period (found in Salut, Bat and other sites) a system of underground aqueducts called 'Falaj' were constructed, a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping horizontal tunnels.
There are three types of Falaj: Daudi () with underground aqueducts, Ghaili () requiring a dam to collect the water, and Aini () whose source is a water spring.
There is evidence that as early as the second half of the 5th century BC water brought in qanats was being used.
The qanats were excavated through water-bearing sandstone rock, which seeps into the channel, with water collected in a basin behind a small dam at the end.
The width is approximately , but the height ranges from 5 to 9 meters; it is likely that the qanat was deepened to enhance seepage when the water table dropped (as is also seen in Iran).
A well that apparently dried up was improved by driving a side shaft through the easily penetrated sandstone (presumably in the direction of greatest water seepage) into the hill of Ayn-Manâwîr to allow collection of additional water.
The foggara is dug into the foothills of a fairly steep mountain range such as the eastern ranges of the Atlas mountains.
Families maintain the foggara and own the land it irrigates over a ten-meter width, with length reckoned by the size of plot that the available water will irrigate.
Although sources suggest that the foggaras may have been in use as early as 200 AD, they were clearly in use by the 11th century after the Arabs took possession of the oases in the 10th century and the residents embraced Islam.
The water is metered to the various users through the use of distribution weirs that meter flow to the various canals, each for a separate user.
The temperature gradient in the vertical shafts causes air to rise by natural convection, causing a draft to enter the foggara.
On the margins of the Sahara Desert, the isolated oases of the Draa River valley and Tafilalt have relied on qanat water for irrigation since the late 14th century.
The Hassan Adahkil Dam's impact on local water tables is said to be one of the many reasons for the loss of half of the khettara.
The Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos runs for 1 kilometre through a hill to supply water to the town of Pythagorion.
The entire ancient town of Palermo in Sicily was equipped with a huge qanat system built during the Arab period (827–1072).
Qanats in the Americas, usually referred to as puquios or filtration galleries, can be found in the Nazca region of Peru and in northern Chile.
In statistical inference, specifically predictive inference, a prediction interval is an estimate of an interval in which a future observation will fall, with a certain probability, given what has already been observed.
Alternatively, in Bayesian terms, a prediction interval can be described as a credible interval for the variable itself, rather than for a parameter of the distribution thereof.
The concept of prediction intervals need not be restricted to inference about a single future sample value but can be extended to more complicated cases.
For example, in the context of river flooding where analyses are often based on annual values of the largest flow within the year, there may be interest in making inferences about the largest flood likely to be experienced within the next 50 years.
Since prediction intervals are only concerned with past and future observations, rather than unobservable population parameters, they are advocated as a better method than confidence intervals by some statisticians, such as Seymour Geisser, following the focus on observables by Bruno de Finetti.
The usual method of constructing pivotal quantities is to take the difference of two variables that depend on location, so that location cancels out, and then take the ratio of two variables that depend on scale, so that scale cancels out.
The most familiar pivotal quantity is the Student's t-statistic, which can be derived by this method and is used in the sequel.
Therefore, the lower limit of the prediction interval is approximately 5 ‒ (2·1) = 3, and the upper limit is approximately 5 + (2·1) = 7, thus giving a prediction interval of approximately 3 to 7.
This approach is usable, but the resulting interval will not have the repeated sampling interpretation – it is not a predictive confidence interval.
Notice that this prediction distribution is more conservative than using the estimated mean formula_8 and known variance 1, as this uses variance formula_24, hence yields wider intervals.
Notice that this prediction distribution is more conservative than using a normal distribution with the estimated standard deviation formula_35 and known mean 0, as it uses the t-distribution instead of the normal distribution, hence yields wider intervals.
This simple combination is possible because the sample mean and sample variance of the normal distribution are independent statistics; this is only true for the normal distribution, and in fact characterizes the normal distribution.
Note that the assumption of a continuous distribution avoids the possibility that values might be exactly equal; this would complicate matters.
Notice that while this gives the probability that a future observation will fall in a range, it does not give any estimate as to where in a segment it will fall – notably, if it falls outside the range of observed values, it may be far outside the range.
Formally, this applies not just to sampling from a population, but to any exchangeable sequence of random variables, not necessarily independent or identically distributed.
Prediction intervals are commonly used as definitions of reference ranges, such as reference ranges for blood tests to give an idea of whether a blood test is normal or not.
In regression, makes a distinction between intervals for predictions of the mean response vs. for predictions of observed response—affecting essentially the inclusion or not of the unity term within the square root in the expansion factors above; for details, see .
In Bayesian statistics, one can compute (Bayesian) prediction intervals from the posterior probability of the random variable, as a credible interval.
In theoretical work, credible intervals are not often calculated for the prediction of future events, but for inference of parameters – i.e., credible intervals of a parameter, not for the outcomes of the variable itself.
However, particularly where applications are concerned with possible extreme values of yet to be observed cases, credible intervals for such values can be of practical importance.
When using a calorimeter, the total amount of heat that flows into (or through) the calorimeter is the negative of the net change in energy of the system.
The enthalpy change equals the change in internal energy of the system plus the work needed to change the volume of the system against constant ambient pressure.
since a larger value (the energy released in the reaction) is subtracted from a smaller value (the energy used for the reaction).
where Δ is the standard enthalpy of reaction at 298 K, and are the initial and final temperature of the system, respectively, and and are the heat capacities of the product and reactant, respectively.
The Two Georges is an alternate history and detective thriller novel co-written by science fiction author Harry Turtledove and Oscar-winning actor Richard Dreyfuss.
It was originally published in 1995 by Hodder & Stoughton in the United Kingdom, and in 1996 by Tor Books in the United States, and was nominated for the 1995 Sidewise Award for Alternate History.
For more than two centuries, what would have become the United States and Canada has been the North American Union, a self-governing dominion encompassing the northern portion of the continent except Alaska, retained under the rule of Russia.
The title of the novel refers to a fictional Gainsborough painting that commemorates the agreement between George Washington and King George III, which peacefully ended the American Revolution.
Native Americans fared much better than in our history; tribes such as the Iroquois and the Cherokee manage to keep much of their land and have autonomy, their status comparable to that of the Princely States in British India.
As the North American Union remained in the British Empire following peaceful negotiation, the French Revolution was suppressed at the storming of the Bastille by troops under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte in the service of Louis XVI, thus preserving the Bourbon monarchy.
By the 20th Century, France and Spain exist in a French-dominated personal union, the Holy Alliance, which controls most of Latin America and Northern Africa and is ruled over by François IV.
The emancipated slaves prospered, gained education and experienced a rapid upward social mobility, by the 20th Century, becoming a mainly middle class community.
Conversely, the Irish North Americans remained a predominantly poor, working class population, subsisting on hard physical labor such as the coal mining on which the North American Union depended for its energy.
This created a feeling of bitter jealousy among the Irish, and many of them came to support the Sons of Liberty, a terrorist organization that wants to see America become independent from the British Empire and promotes a blatantly racist, anti-black, Hispanophobic and xenophobic ideology.
As in the Mexican War of our history, in the middle of the 19th Century Britain and the North American Union went to war and conquered a large portion of Nueva España (in this case, also including Baja California) from the Holy Alliance.
The city of Los Angeles was renamed to New Liverpool and developed into one of the largest cities of the North American Union and the Province of Upper California.
Colonel Thomas Bushell of the Royal American Mounted Police leads the search for the painting, accompanied by its former curator Dr. Kathleen Flannery and Captain Samuel Stanley.
The Governor-General of the North American Union, Sir Martin Luther King, informs Bushell in confidence that the painting must be recovered before King-Emperor Charles III's state visit, or the government will have to pay the Sons' ransom demand of fifty million pounds.
They also uncover the true culprits: the Holy Alliance and Bushell's superior officer and covert fanatic Sons of Liberty sympathizer, Lieutenant General Horace Bragg, whose family had formerly owned slaves.
When Bragg is arrested and awaiting trial, he and Bushell argue over the outcomes of a potential war against the Holy Alliance and a resultant American separatist uprising caused by the theft of the painting.
Nolina is a genus of tropical xerophytic flowering plants, with the principal distribution being in Mexico and extending into the southern United States.
An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous.
In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger, but the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary geologic record.
The significance of angular unconformity (see below) was shown by James Hutton, who found examples of Hutton's Unconformity at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788.
The local record for that time interval is missing and geologists must use other clues to discover that part of the geologic history of that area.
A paraconformity is a type of disconformity in which the separation is a simple bedding plane with no obvious buried erosional surface.
A nonconformity exists between sedimentary rocks and metamorphic or igneous rocks when the sedimentary rock lies above and was deposited on the pre-existing and eroded metamorphic or igneous rock.
Namely, if the rock below the break is igneous or has lost its bedding due to metamorphism, the plane of juncture is a nonconformity.
An angular unconformity is an unconformity where horizontally parallel strata of sedimentary rock are deposited on tilted and eroded layers, producing an angular discordance with the overlying horizontal layers.
A typical case history is presented by the paleotectonic evolution of the Briançonnais realm (Swiss and French Prealps) during the Jurassic.
A paraconformity is a type of unconformity in which strata are parallel; there is no apparent erosion and the unconformity surface resembles a simple bedding plane.
A blended unconformity is a type of disconformity or nonconformity with no distinct separation plane or contact, sometimes consisting of soils, paleosols, or beds of pebbles derived from the underlying rock.
Gosset had been hired owing to Claude Guinness's policy of recruiting the best graduates from Oxford and Cambridge to apply biochemistry and statistics to Guinness's industrial processes.
where is the sample mean from a sample , of size , is the standard error of the mean, formula_2 is the estimate of the standard deviation of the population, and is the population mean.
By the central limit theorem, sample means of moderately large samples are often well-approximated by a normal distribution even if the data are not normally distributed.
However, if the sample size is large, Slutsky's theorem implies that the distribution of the sample variance has little effect on the distribution of the test statistic.
For example, suppose we are evaluating the effect of a medical treatment, and we enroll 100 subjects into our study, then randomly assign 50 subjects to the treatment group and 50 subjects to the control group.
That way the correct rejection of the null hypothesis (here: of no difference made by the treatment) can become much more likely, with statistical power increasing simply because the random interpatient variation has now been eliminated.
However, an increase of statistical power comes at a price: more tests are required, each subject having to be tested twice.
Pairs become individual test units, and the sample has to be doubled to achieve the same number of degrees of freedom.
The matching is carried out by identifying pairs of values consisting of one observation from each of the two samples, where the pair is similar in terms of other measured variables.
Although the parent population does not need to be normally distributed, the distribution of the population of sample means formula_4 is assumed to be normal.
By the central limit theorem, if the observations are independent and the second moment exists, then formula_6 will be approximately normal N(0;1).
where is known, and are unknown, is a normally distributed random variable with mean 0 and unknown variance , and is the outcome of interest.
We want to test the null hypothesis that the slope is equal to some specified value (often taken to be 0, in which case the null hypothesis is that and are uncorrelated).
The previous formulae are a special case of the formulae below, one recovers them when both samples are equal in size: .
is an estimator of the pooled standard deviation of the two samples: it is defined in this way so that its square is an unbiased estimator of the common variance whether or not the population means are the same.
In these formulae, is the number of degrees of freedom for each group, and the total sample size minus two (that is, ) is the total number of degrees of freedom, which is used in significance testing.
Here is the unbiased estimator of the variance of each of the two samples with = number of participants in group (1 or 2).
The pairs are either one person's pre-test and post-test scores or between pairs of persons matched into meaningful groups (for instance drawn from the same family or age group: see table).
We will carry out tests of the null hypothesis that the means of the populations from which the two samples were taken are equal.
However, when data are non-normal with differing variances between groups, a t-test may have better type-1 error control than some non-parametric alternatives.
Furthermore, non-parametric methods, such as the Mann-Whitney U test discussed below, typically do not test for a difference of means, so should be used carefully if a difference of means is of primary scientific interest.
For example, Mann-Whitney U test will keep the type 1 error at the desired level alpha if both groups have the same distribution.
It will also have power in detecting an alternative by which group B has the same distribution as A but after some shift by a constant (in which case there would indeed be a difference in the means of the two groups).
However, there could be cases where group A and B will have different distributions but with the same means (such as two distributions, one with positive skewness and the other with a negative one, but shifted so to have the same means).
In such cases, MW could have more than alpha level power in rejecting the Null hypothesis but attributing the interpretation of difference in means to such a result would be incorrect.
When both paired observations and independent observations are present in the two sample design, assuming data are missing completely at random (MCAR), the paired observations or independent observations may be discarded in order to proceed with the standard tests above.
Alternatively making use of all of the available data, assuming normality and MCAR, the generalized partially overlapping samples t-test could be used.
Fertile is an unincorporated community in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, located west of the Manitoba border and north of the U.S border in the rural municipality # 31.
Fall suppers and an annual event, be it a comedy act, a magician, etc., used to be held to raise money to support the community hall.
The ship was designed by Samuel Hart, and fabricated in parts at Pittsburgh in the last half of 1842, transported overland and assembled at Erie.
The launch on 5 December 1843 was unsuccessful with the ship sticking after moving some down the ways and efforts to complete the launch ended by nightfall.
The first of three sets of boilers were return flue type that lasted fifty years before finally being replaced by bricked in return tube types.
The operating pressure was low, sufficient to drive the engines at 20 rpm, with engine room piping of thick copper connecting with brass flange joints.
When, about 1905, the ship finally changed from kerosene lights to electric a special engine for the dynamo had to be constructed to operate on the low pressure steam.
Coal consumption before the latest modifications was two tons per hour and after the modifications was as low as one half ton per hour.
The ship had never made even ten knots until dispatched from the harbor at Cleveland to Buffalo to prevent riots on the assassination of President William McKinley 6 September 1901 and, with the safeties weighted, she made almost fourteen knots at 30 rpm at one point.
But when fund-raising efforts failed to acquire sufficient money for her restoration and preservation, she was cut up and sold for scrap in 1949 to the Ace Junk & Salvage Company.
The CWS is the culmination of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Baseball Championship tournament—featuring 64 teams in the first round—which determines the NCAA Division I college baseball champion.
The eight participating teams are split into two, four-team, double-elimination brackets, with the winners of each bracket playing in a best-of-three championship series.
It was held at Rosenblatt Stadium from 1950 through 2010; starting in 2011, it has been held at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha.
On June 10, 2009, the NCAA and College World Series of Omaha, Inc., which is the non-profit group that organizes the event, announced a new 25-year contract extension, keeping the CWS in Omaha through 2035.
The currently binding contract began in 2011, the same year the tournament moved from Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium to TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, a new ballpark across from CHI Health Center Omaha.
The Stillwater River rises 15 miles south of the border between Montana (United States) and Alberta (Canada), west of Glacier National Park in the Kootenai National Forest.
It then flows south to Kalispell where it joins the Whitefish River, very near where that river enters the Flathead River.
The 16th-century Pashtun revolutionary leader and warrior-poet Bayazid Pir Roshan, who wrote the oldest known book in Pashto, was based in Kaniguram, Waziristan.
It is bordered by Bannu and Tank Districts, FR DI Khan, and Kurram Agency to the east and northeast, Sherani and Musakhel Districts of Baluchistan to the south in Pakistan and Khost, Paktia, and Paktika Provinces of Afghanistan to the west and north.
It also introduced a regular system of land record and revenue administration for the most fertile part of the Tochi valley.
After the British military operations, a Political Agent for South Waziristan was permanently appointed with its headquarters at Wanna; another was appointed for North Waziristan with headquarters at Miramshah.
In the rugged and remote region of Waziristan on British India's northwest border with Afghanistan, mountain tribes of Muslim fighters gave the British Indian Army a difficult time in numerous operations.
Though the British made peace with the Afghans, the Waziri and Mahsud tribesmen gave the imperial (almost entirely Indian) forces a very difficult fight.
Some of the tribesmen were veterans of the British-organised local militias that were irregular elements of the Indian Army, and used some modern Lee–Enfield rifles against the Indian forces sent into Waziristan.
In 1938, Mirzali Khan shifted from Ipi to Gurwek, a remote village on the Durand Line, where he declared an independent state and continued the raids against the British forces.
In June 1947, Mirzali Khan, along with his allies, including the Khudai Khidmatgars and members of the Provincial Assembly, declared the Bannu Resolution.
The resolution demanded that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of Pashtunistan, composing all Pashtun majority territories of British India, instead of being made to join Pakistan.
After the creation of Pakistan in August 1947, Mirzali Khan and his followers refused to recognise Pakistan, and launched a campaign against Pakistan.
However, his popularity among the people of Waziristan declined over the years, with many jirgas in Waziristan deciding to support Pakistan.
In the early stage of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, when the Taliban started fleeing into Pakistan, the local leaders, or Maliks, began a campaign among their locals to host the foreigners.
To end the Waziristan war, Pakistan signed the Waziristan Accord with chieftains from the self-styled Islamic Emirate of Waziristan on 5 September 2006.
There is speculation that some al-Qaeda leaders have found refuge in the area controlled by the Emirate, which is a staging ground for militant operations in Afghanistan.
Due to the ongoing military operations against the Taliban, nearly 100,000 people have already fled to Afghanistan's Khost province to seek shelter.
The UN and other aid agencies are helping more than 470,000 people who have been displaced from Pakistan's North Waziristan region due to the ongoing military operations.
The Ministry of the Interior has played a large part in the information gathering for the operations against the militants and their institutions.
The Ministry of the Interior has prepared a list of militant commanders operating in the region and they have also prepared a list of seminaries for monitoring.
The government is also trying to strengthen law enforcement in the area by providing the NWFP Police with weapons, bullet-proof jackets, and night-vision devices.
The US drone programme has been responsible for numerous bombings in Waziristan, carried out with the approval of the Pakistani government.
Tribal cohesiveness is also kept strong by means of the so-called Collective Responsibility Acts in the Frontier Crimes Regulations, which has since been repelled after the merger of FATA to Khyber Pakhunkhwa in May, 2018.
Taliban presence in the area has been an issue of international concern in the War on Terrorism particularly since the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan.
In 2014, about 929,859 people were reported to be internally displaced from Waziristan as a result of Operation Zarb-e-Azb, a military offensive conducted by the Pakistan Armed Forces along the Pakistan - Afghanistan border.
The area is mostly inhabited by the Dawar Tribe and the Utmanzai branch of the Darwesh Khel Waziris, who are related to Ahmedzai Waziris of South Waziristan, who live in fortified mountain villages, including Razmak, Datta Khel, Spin wam, Dosali, Shawa and Shawal.
The Dawars (also known as Daurr or Daur), who live in the main Tochi Valley, farm in the valleys below in villages including Miramshah, Hamzoni, Darpakhel, Muhammadkhel, Boya, Degan, Banda, Ngharkali, Palangzai, Mirali, Edak, Hurmaz, Mussaki, Hassukhel, Ziraki, Tapi, Issori, Haiderkhel and Khaddi irrigated by the river Tochi.
Not under the direct administration of the government of Pakistan, South Waziristan is indirectly governed by a political agent, who has been either an outsider or a Waziri—a system inherited from the British Raj.
In recognition of the wide-ranging, multidisciplinary nature of interactive entertainment, everyone who participates in any way in the game development process is welcome to join the IGDA.
The IGDA was founded in 1994 by Ernest W. Adams and was initially known as the Computer Game Developers Association (CGDA).
Modeled after the Association for Computing Machinery, Adams envisioned the organization to support the careers and interests of individual developers, as opposed to being a trade organization, or an advocacy group for companies.
The need for a professional association for game developers was not apparent until the congressional hearings surrounding Mortal Kombat and other video game legislation became common in the 1990s.
In December 2012, Kate Edwards was appointed executive director after Gordon Bellamy, the previous executive director, moved on from the position in July of that year to join Tencent.
The association as of July 2014 has been working with the FBI to deal with the on-line harassment of developers; Kate Edwards had been approached by the bureau at San Diego Comic-Con International.
They provide forums, for example, for discussions on current issues in the computer gaming industry and demos of the latest games.
The IGDA, through its chapters and SIGs, organizes hundreds of events for members of the game development industry including chapter meetings and meetups.
The event featured at least three girls in white outfits dancing, one was in a shorter t-shirt, another in a furry outfit.
Backlash over the presence of these female dancers resulted in the several people resigning in protest, most notably Brenda Romero from the IGDA's Women in Games Special Interest Group steering committee.
However, due to the method of the list's generation several IGDA members including the Chairman of IGDA Puerto Rico Roberto Rosario were added to the list of harassers.
The term was first used on February 1, 2004 by singers Justin Timberlake and Janet Jackson in a statement attempting to explain the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy during which Jackson's right breast was exposed.
The Redwater River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 110 mi (177 km), in eastern Montana in the United States.
It rises in on the northern slope of the Big Sheep Mountains, in northwestern Prairie County, and flows northeast across the plains past Brockway and Circle and joins the Missouri in northeastern McCone County, approximately 4 mi (6 km) south of Poplar.
Opisthokont characteristics include synthesis of extracellular chitin in exoskeleton, cyst/spore wall, or cell wall of filamentous growth and hyphae; the extracellular digestion of substrates with osmotrophic absorption of nutrients; and other cell biosynthetic and metabolic pathways.
The close relationship between animals and fungi was suggested by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1987, who used the informal name opisthokonta (the formal name has been used for the chytrids by Copeland in 1956), and was supported by later genetic studies.
More recently, it has been said that holozoa (animals) and holomycota (fungi) are much more closely related to each other than either is to plants, because opisthokonts have a triple fusion of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, dihydroorotase, and aspartate carbamoyltransferase that is not present in plants, and plants have a fusion of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase not present in the opisthokonts.
Animals and fungi are also more closely related to amoebas than to plants, and plants are more closely related to the SAR supergroup of protists than to animals or fungi.
Cavalier-Smith and Stechmann argue that the uniciliate eukaryotes such as opisthokonts and Amoebozoa, collectively called unikonts, split off from the other biciliate eukaryotes, called bikonts, shortly after they evolved.
Opisthokonts are divided into Holomycota or Nucletmycea (fungi and all organisms more closely related to fungi than to animals) and Holozoa (animals and all organisms more closely related to animals than to fungi); no opisthokonts basal to the Holomycota/Holozoa split have yet been identified.
The ichthyosporean genome is >200 kilobase pairs in length and consists of several hundred linear chromosomes that share elaborate terminal-specific sequence patterns.
In the following phylogenetic tree it is indicated how many millions of years ago (Mya) the clades diverged into newer clades.
The Poplar River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately long in Saskatchewan in Canada and Montana in the United States.
Along with the Milk River and Big Muddy Creek, it is one of three waterways in Canada that drain into the Gulf of Mexico.
Channing was born in Manhattan, the daughter of Mary Alice (née English; 1910–2007), who came from a large Brooklyn Irish Catholic family, and Lester Napier Stockard (died 1960), who was in the shipping business.
Channing is an alumna of the Madeira School in McLean, Virginia, a boarding school for girls, which she attended after starting out at the Chapin School in New York City.
Lucan, played by Kevin Brophy, is a 20-year-old who has spent the first 10 years of his life running wild in the forest.
The film was released in 1978 and her performance earned her the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Supporting Actress.
She reprised the role in the Roundabout Theater Company production, first Off-Broadway in January 1985 and then on Broadway in March 1985, and won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.
The production was directed by Lynne Meadow and the cast included Channing in the role of Susan, for which she won a Drama Desk Award for Best Actress.
When once asked if Susan was Channing's most fully realized character, the actress replied: Well, you like to think that they're all fully realized because what you're doing is different from what anyone else is seeing.
You do a character but how much of it is on film, or how much of it is seen by an audience, is really up to the director, the piece, or the audience.
She played the role of Lydia Barnes, ex-wife of Stewart Barnes (Winkler), and had two sons and a lesbian daughter (Christopher Gorham, Paula Marshall, Ty Burrell).
The Frederick C. Robie House is a U.S. National Historic Landmark now on the campus of the University of Chicago in the South Side neighborhood of Hyde Park in Chicago, Illinois.
Built between 1909 and 1910, the building was designed as a single family home by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of Prairie School, the first architectural style considered uniquely American.
It was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 27, 1963, and was on the first National Register of Historic Places list of October 15, 1966.
The design precedent for the Robie House was the Ferdinand F. Tomek House in Riverside, Illinois, designed by Wright in 1907-08.
At the time that he commissioned Wright to design his home, Robie was only 28 years old and the assistant manager of the Excelsior Supply Company, a company on the South Side of Chicago owned and managed by his father.
Although later drawings of the Robie House show a date of 1906, Wright could not have started the design for the building earlier than the spring of 1908 because Robie had actually purchased the property only in May of that year.
He and his wife, Lora Hieronymus Robie, a 1900 graduate of the University of Chicago, had selected the property at 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue in order to remain close to the campus and the social life of the university.
He closed his Oak Park studio in the fall of 1909 and left for Europe to undertake the work which led to the publication of the Wasmuth Portfolio.
He turned over his existing commissions to Hermann von Holst, who retained Marion Mahony, a draughtswoman in Wright's office, and George Mann Niedecken, an interior designer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who had worked with Wright on the Susan Lawrence Dana House in Springfield, Illinois, the Avery Coonley House in Riverside, Illinois, and the Meyer May House in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to continue their work on the project.
Niedecken's influence can be seen in the design of some of the furnishings for the house as well as the carpets in the entrance hall, the living room, and the dining room.
The Robie family—Frederick, Laura, and their two children, Frederick Jr. and Lorraine—moved into the home in May 1910, although all of the final details, including rugs and furniture, were not completed until January 1911.
The final cost of the home was $58,500--$13,500 for the land, $35,000 for the design and construction of the building, and $10,000 for the furnishings.
As a result of financial problems incurred by the death of his father in July 1908 and the deterioration of his marriage, Robie was forced to sell the house after living in it for only fourteen months.
David Lee Taylor, president of Taylor-Critchfield Company, an advertising agency, bought the house and all of its Wright-designed contents in December 1911.
Taylor died less than a year later, and his widow, Ellen Taylor, sold the house and most of its contents to Marshall D. Wilber, treasurer of the Wilber Mercantile Agency, in November 1912.
In June 1926, the Wilbers sold the house and its contents to the Chicago Theological Seminary, who used the house as a dormitory and dining hall although it was primarily interested in the site for purposes of future expansion.
In 1941, a graduate student at the Illinois Institute of Technology accidentally discovered that the Seminary was moving ahead with a plan to demolish the Robie House and informed his instructors, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
Although the Seminary's plans were subsequently postponed, the crisis was averted more by the onset of World War II than by acquiescence of the property's owner.
On March 1, 1957, the Seminary announced plans to demolish the Robie House on September 15 in order to begin the construction of a dormitory for its students.
This time an international outcry arose, and Wright himself, then 90 years old, returned to the Robie House on March 18, accompanied by the media, students and neighborhood organizers to protest the intended demolition of the house.
Only weeks earlier, the Chicago City Council, led by Hyde Park alderman Leon Despres, had enacted an ordinance to create the Commission on Chicago Landmarks.
On September 15, 1971, the newly formed commission, with the support of Mayor Richard J. Daley, declared the Robie House a Chicago landmark.
During his very brief tenure as a student at the University of Wisconsin, Wright had been a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.
The University of Chicago's Phi Delt chapter house was located two doors north of the Robie house at 5737 Woodlawn Avenue, and the Seminary was already the owner of the lot between the two properties.
The Phi Delts offered to vacate their house, and the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, located next to the Phi Delt house, offered to vacate their house as well.
These offers were a turning point in the effort to save the Robie house since the three properties provided the Seminary with sufficient land for the dormitory they sought to build.
In August 1958, William Zeckendorf, a friend of Wright's and a New York real estate developer then involved in several development projects on Chicago's south side, acquired the Robie House at Wright's urging from the seminary through his development company Webb & Knapp.
The University used Robie House as the Adlai E. Stevenson Institute of International Affairs, and later the building served as the headquarters for the University's Alumni Association.
In January 1997 the University moved their offices out and turned over tours, operations, fundraising and restoration to the Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust on February 1.
In 2002, the Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust began restoration of the Robie House to its original appearance in 1910, when construction completed and the house best reflected the design intent of the architect and the client.
After major structural steel restoration, exterior brick work, and installation of modern mechanical systems, the restoration focused on the interiors elements, such as woodwork, glass, and furniture.
The term was coined by architectural critics and historians (not by Wright) who noticed how the buildings and their various components owed their design influence to the landscape and plant life of the midwest prairie of the United States.
Typical of Wright's Prairie houses, he designed not only the house, but all of the interiors, the windows, lighting, rugs, furniture and textiles.
The projecting cantilevered roof eaves, continuous bands of art-glass windows, and the use of Roman brick emphasize the horizontal, which had rich associations for Wright.
The horizontal line reminded him of the American prairie and was a line of repose and shelter, appropriate for a house.
To further emphasize the horizontal of the bricks, the horizontal joints were filled with a cream-colored mortar and the small vertical joints were filled with brick-colored mortar.
From a distance, this complex and expensive tuckpointing creates an impression of continuous lines of horizontal color and minimizes the appearance of individual bricks.
The design of the art glass windows is an abstract pattern of colored and clear glass using Wright's favorite 30 and 60-degree angles.
Wright used similar designs in tapestries inside the house and for gates surrounding the outdoor spaces and enclosing the garage courtyard.
Robie's generous budget allowed Wright to design a house with a largely steel structure, which accounts for the minimal deflection of the eaves.
The billiards room provided access to a large walk-in safe and a storage area built underneath the front porch projection at the west end of the site.
The billiards and playroom open into a small passage and doors near the center of the building to an enclosed garden on the south side of the building.
On the second floor are the entry hall at the top of the central stairway, the living room (west end) and the dining room (east end).
The living and dining rooms flow into one another along the south side of the building and open through a series of twelve French doors containing art glass panels to an exterior balcony running the length of the south side of the building that overlooks the enclosed garden.
On the first floor is the main door and entrance hall (west end) from which a stairway leads to the second floor living and dining rooms.
Further east are a coat closet and back stairway, the boiler room, laundry room, and coal storage room, followed by a small workshop, half bath, and a three-car garage.
The westernmost bay of the garage originally contained a mechanic's pit, and the easternmost bay contained equipment to wash and clean automobiles.
On the second floor of the minor vessel is a guest bedroom above the entrance hall and an adjoining full bath.
The south side of the third floor contains the master bedroom, dressing area, a full bathroom, and, through a small closet and an art glass door, a balcony facing south and west.
The chimney mass containing four fireplaces—one in the billiards room, playroom, living room and master bedroom—and the main stairway from the entrance hall to the second floor living and dining rooms rise through the center of the house, from which the rest of the building radiates.
The front door and main entrance is partially hidden on the northwest side of the building beneath an overhanging balcony in order to create a sense of privacy and protection for the family.
The entrance hall itself is low-ceilinged and dark, but the stairs to the second floor create a sense of anticipation as the visitor moves upward.
Once upstairs, the light filled living and dining rooms create a sharp contrast to the dark entrance hall making the living and dining rooms seem even more special.
These two rooms are separated by the central chimney mass, but the spaces are connected along their south sides, and the chimney mass has an opening above the fireplace through which the rooms are visually connected.
These features unite the two spaces, creating an openness of plan which, for Wright, was a metaphor for the openness of American political and social life.
Throughout the house, wall sconces can be found in the shape of a hemispherical shade suspended beneath a square bronze fixture.
On the second floor living and dining rooms, spherical globes within wooden squares are integrated into the ceiling trim, further tying the two spaces together visually.
Soffit lighting running the length of the north and south sides of the living and dining rooms, as well as soffit lighting in the prows of the living and dining rooms, are covered with Wright-designed wooden grilles, backed with translucent colored glass diffusers.
The steel beams in the ceilings and floors carry most of the building's weight to piers at the east and west ends.
As a result, the exterior walls have little structural function, and thus are filled with doors and windows containing 174 art glass panels in 29 different designs.
The combination of so much glass and lack of internal structural columns resulted in an airy space that appeared larger than it is, accenting the open plan Wright favored.
However, Wright-designed furniture in the Robie House was only constructed for the entrance hall, the living and dining rooms, guest bedroom, and one bed for the third-floor bedrooms.
Robie's financial situation following his father's death may be the explanation for why the entire house was not furnished with furniture of Wright's designs.
Most of the original furniture is currently in the collection of the Smart Museum of Art at the University of Chicago, although only the dining room table and chairs are on more or less permanent display.
One of the most striking pieces of the furniture designed by Wright for the Robie House is a sofa with extended armrests, echoing the cantilevers of the exterior roof of the building, which effectively create side tables on each side of the sofa.
The Wright-designed sofa has been on loan since 1982 from the Smart Museum to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and is on display as part of the furnishings in the reconstructed living room of the Francis W. Little House (1915) located in the museum.
Miniature cantilevers can also be found in the shelves of the built-in dining room buffet and a food preparation island in the kitchen.
The Robie House was one of the last houses Wright designed in his Oak Park, Illinois home and studio and also one of the last of his Prairie School houses.
This publication featured most of Wright's designs, including those unbuilt, during his Oak Park years and brought them to the attention of students of the Bauhaus school in Germany and the De Stijl school in the Netherlands.
During the decades of eclecticism's triumph there were also many innovators—less heralded than the fashionable practitioners, but exerting more lasting influence.
But, in addition, the house introduced so many concepts in planning and construction that its full influence cannot be measured accurately for many years to come.
In 2008, the U.S. National Park Service submitted the Robie house, along with nine other Frank Lloyd Wright properties, to a tentative list for World Heritage Status.
More recently, in July 2012, the Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar announced that he would formally nominate the Robie House and ten other Wright designed buildings as U.S. nominations for World Heritage status.
The final decision on inclusion on the list will be made by the World Heritage Committee, composed of representatives from 21 nations and advised by the International Council on Monuments and Sites.
In 2011, Lego released a 2276-piece model set of the Robie House under its Lego Architecture line of products (set number 21010).
In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Robie House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois).
At the time Robie House was commissioned in 1908, the lots surrounding the house's site were mostly vacant except for the lots immediately to the north on Woodlawn Avenue, which were filled with large homes.
To the east of the site and across a municipal service alley, a French Provincial style house for Nobel prize winning physicist Albert A. Michelson was built around 1923.
The lots to the south were vacant and afforded uninterrupted views to the Midway Plaisance parkland, one of the sites of the World's Columbian Exposition.
To the west, a full block of vacant land separated the site from the growing University of Chicago campus, but by 1930 Rockefeller Chapel (1928), the Chicago Theological Seminary (1928), and the Oriental Institute (1930) buildings had been constructed.
Directly south across 58th Street from Robie House is the Charles M. Harper Center of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
Designed by the Uruguayan-born architect Rafael Viñoly and completed in 2004, the building both respects the scale of the Robie House and contains elements that echo Wright's contributions to the vocabulary of modern architecture.
Shtora-1 is an electro-optical jammer that disrupts semiautomatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) antitank guided missiles, laser rangefinders and target designators.
The system was shown fitted to a Russian main battle tank during the International Defense Exposition, held in Abu Dhabi in 1995.
The first known application of the system is the Russian T-90 main battle tank, which entered service in the Russian Army in 1993.
According to Defense Update, the Shtora system can also locate the area within 3.5–5 degrees where the laser originated from and automatically slew the main gun to it, so that the tank crew can return fire and so that the stronger frontal turret armour is facing it.
The cardinal tetra's appearance is similar to that of the closely related neon tetra, with which it is often confused; the neon's red coloration extends only about halfway to the nose, and the neon's blue stripe is a less vibrant blue.
The cardinal tetra is a very popular aquarium fish, but is less widespread than the neon tetra because until recently, it was difficult to breed in captivity.
However, many breeders are now producing the fish; in most cases one can determine if the cardinal tetra is bred or wild-caught due to damaged fins on wild caught specimens.
Some ichthyologists believe fishkeepers should continue to support the sustainable cardinal fishery of the Amazon basin, since thousands of people are employed in the region to capture fish for the aquarium trade.
If those fishermen lost their livelihoods catching cardinals and other tropical fish, they might turn their attention to engaging in deforestation.
The normal form from the Rio Negro drainage has a blue stripe which extends to the adipose fin, while the Orinoco drainage phenotype has a stripe which stops posterior to the adipose.
The cardinal tetra has bright red ventral parts and an iridescent blue line that runs horizontally down the length of its body.
The characteristic iridescence of this and related fishes, such as the neon tetra, is a structural color, caused by refraction of light within guanine crystals that develop within special cells called iridocytes in the subcutaneous layer.
The exact shade of blue seen will depend on the viewing angle of the aquarist relative to the fish - if the aquarist changes viewpoint so as to look at the fish more from below, the colour will change hue, becoming more deeply sapphire blue and even indigo.
Cardinal tetras are found on the upper Orinoco and the Negro, which are located in Colombia & Venezuela and Brazil respectively.
Creatures commonly eaten include the larvae of chironomid midges and microcrustaceans such as water fleas (Cladocera) of the families Moinidae, Macrotrichidae and Daphniidae, and Copepods of the family Harpacticidae.
The cardinal tetra, in the wild, swims upstream in large numbers to parts of its native river habitat completely enclosed above by rainforest canopy.
In the aquarium, a single pair can be conditioned for breeding, but the breeding aquarium not only needs to contain water with the correct chemical parameters cited above, but the breeding aquarium also needs to be heavily shaded to mimic the low light conditions of the fish's native spawning grounds.
If the fishes are ready to spawn, the male, which will be the slimmer of the two fishes in outline, will pursue the female into fine-leaved plants; her fuller outline, which usually indicates the presence of ripe eggs within her reproductive tract, should be readily apparent at this point.
If the female is ready, she will allow the male to swim alongside her, and together, the pair will release eggs and sperm.
Free-swimming fry remain photosensitive for at least the first seven days of life, and need to be introduced to increasing light levels on a gradual basis.
Growth continues at a modest rate, and the fishes assume full adult colouration only after a period of around eight to 12 weeks, depending upon quality of food and aquarium water.
An entire industry is in place in Barcelos on the banks of Brazil's Rio Negro in which the local population catches fish for the aquarium trade.
The local people may not become involved in potentially environmentally damaging activities, such as deforestation, because they can make a sustainable living from the fishery.
In the wild, these fish inhabit extremely soft, acidic waters, but seem to be tolerant of harder, more alkaline water conditions; a greater concern is probably polluted tank water (including high nitrate levels).
Given the origins of the cardinal tetra, namely blackwater rivers whose chemistry is characterised by an acidic pH, low mineral content and the presence of humic acids, the species is adaptable to a wide range of conditions in captivity, though deviation from the soft, acidic water chemistry of their native range will impact severely upon breeding, fecundity, and life expectancy.
The water chemistry of the aquarium water should match that of the wild habitat – filtration of the aquarium water over peat is one means of achieving this, as is the use of reverse osmosis water.
It found that fish perished at a low temperature of 19.6 °C and high of 33.7 °C, and pH below 2.9 or above 8.8.
As the species is a shoaling species in the wild, groups of six or more individuals should be maintained in an aquarium although bigger groups are preferred.
They will shoal with their close cousins neon tetras, though, so a combination of these two species totalling at least six should suffice (again, larger groups are preferred).
The larger the numbers present in an aquarium (subject to the usual constraints imposed by space and filtration efficiency), the better, and large shoals in any case form an impressive and visually stunning display.
Apart from the stringent requirements with respect to water chemistry, one of the major difficulties in captive breeding of the species is the photosensitivity of the eggs; they will die if exposed to bright light.
Consequently, after spawning, the fishes should be removed and the aquarium covered to darken it, thus providing the developing eggs with the conditions necessary for development.
A perfect biotope to promote breeding would be bogwood, a few live native plants, dark substrate and subdued lighting with floating plants.
The record was out of print for a long time but was reissued on CD by Sundazed Records in October 2006.
Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation).
Examples include the date of emergence of leaves and flowers, the first flight of butterflies and the first appearance of migratory birds, the date of leaf colouring and fall in deciduous trees, the dates of egg-laying of birds and amphibia, or the timing of the developmental cycles of temperate-zone honey bee colonies.
In the scientific literature on ecology, the term is used more generally to indicate the time frame for any seasonal biological phenomena, including the dates of last appearance (e.g., the seasonal phenology of a species may be from April through September).
Because many such phenomena are very sensitive to small variations in climate, especially to temperature, phenological records can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology, especially in the study of climate change and global warming.
For example, viticultural records of grape harvests in Europe have been used to reconstruct a record of summer growing season temperatures going back more than 500 years.
In addition to providing a longer historical baseline than instrumental measurements, phenological observations provide high temporal resolution of ongoing changes related to global warming.
The North American Bird Phenology Program at USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC) is in possession of a collection of millions of bird arrival and departure date records for over 870 species across North America, dating between 1880 and 1970.
The program ran for 90 years and came to a close in 1970 when other programs starting up at PWRC took precedence.
The program was again started in 2009 to digitize the collection of records and now with the help of citizens worldwide, each record is being transcribed into a database which will be publicly accessible for use.
The English naturalists Gilbert White and William Markwick reported the seasonal events of more than 400 plant and animal species, Gilbert White in Selborne, Hampshire and William Markwick in Battle, Sussex over a 25-year period between 1768 and 1793.
In Japan and China the time of blossoming of cherry and peach trees is associated with ancient festivals and some of these dates can be traced back to the eighth century.
For example, records of the harvest dates of the pinot noir grape in Burgundy have been used in an attempt to reconstruct spring–summer temperatures from 1370 to 2003; the reconstructed values during 1787–2000 have a correlation with Paris instrumental data of about 0.75.
The term 'phenology' was first used by Charles François Antoine Morren (1807-1858), a professor of Botany at the University of Liège (Belgium).
In 1849 he first used the term in a public lecture at the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels.
In 1839 he started his first observations and created a network over Belgium and Europe that reached a total of about 80 stations in the period 1840-1870.
Morren participated in 1842 and 1843 in Quetelets 'Observations of Periodical Phenomena' (Observations des Phénomènes périodiques), and at first suggested to mention the observations concerning botanical phenomena 'anthochronological observations'.
These took the form of dates of the first occurrence of events such as flowering, bud burst, emergence or flight of an insect.
Between 1850 and 1950 a long-term trend of gradual climate warming is observable, and during this same period the Marsham record of oak-leafing dates tended to become earlier.
After 1960 the rate of warming accelerated, and this is mirrored by increasing earliness of oak leafing, recorded in the data collected by Jean Combes in Surrey.
Over the past 250 years, the first leafing date of oak appears to have advanced by about 8 days, corresponding to overall warming on the order of 1.5 °C in the same period.
Towards the end of the 19th century the recording of the appearance and development of plants and animals became a national pastime, and between 1891 and 1948 the Royal Meteorological Society (RMS) organised a programme of phenological recording across the British Isles.
During this period 11 main plant phenophases were consistently recorded over the 58 years from 1891–1948, and a further 14 phenophases were recorded for the 20 years between 1929 and 1948.
Jeffree (1960) summarised the 58 years of data, which show that flowering dates could be as many as 21 days early and as many as 34 days late, with extreme earliness greatest in summer-flowering species, and extreme lateness in spring-flowering species.
In all 25 species, the timings of all phenological events are significantly related to temperature, indicating that phenological events are likely to get earlier as climate warms.
The naturalist and author Richard Fitter recorded the First Flowering Date (FFD) of 557 species of British flowering plants in Oxfordshire between about 1954 and 1990.
His first cut of the year was 13 days earlier in 2004 than in 1984, and his last cut was 17 days later, providing evidence for an earlier onset of spring and a warmer climate in general.
National recording was resumed by Tim Sparks in 1998 and, from 2000, has been led by citizen science project Nature's Calendar , run by the Woodland Trust and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.
Latest research shows that oak bud burst has advanced more than 11 days since the 19th century and that resident and migrant birds are unable to keep up with this change.
In eastern North America, almanacs are traditionally used for information on action phenology (in agriculture), taking into account the astronomical positions at the time.
In the Amazon rainforests of South America, the timing of leaf production and abscission has been linked to rhythms in gross primary production at several sites.
Early in their lifespan, leaves reach a peak in their capacity for photosynthesis, and in tropical evergreen forests of some regions of the Amazon basin (particularly regions with long dry seasons), many trees produce more young leaves in the dry season, seasonally increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the forest.
Recent technological advances in studying the earth from space have resulted in a new field of phenological research that is concerned with observing the phenology of whole ecosystems and stands of vegetation on a global scale using proxy approaches.
The most successful of these approaches is based on tracking the temporal change of a Vegetation Index (like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)).
NDVI makes use of the vegetation's typical low reflection in the red (red energy is mostly absorbed by growing plants for Photosynthesis) and strong reflection in the Near Infrared (Infrared energy is mostly reflected by plants due to their cellular structure).
The evolution of the vegetation index through time, depicted by the graph above, exhibits a strong correlation with the typical green vegetation growth stages (emergence, vigor/growth, maturity, and harvest/senescence).
These temporal curves are analyzed to extract useful parameters about the vegetation growing season (start of season, end of season, length of growing season, etc.).
Other growing season parameters could potentially be extracted, and global maps of any of these growing season parameters could then be constructed and used in all sorts of climatic change studies.
This work showed an apparent increase in vegetation productivity that most likely resulted from the increase in temperature and lengthening of the growing season in the boreal forest.
Another example based on the MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) reported by Alfredo Huete at the University of Arizona and colleagues showed that the Amazon Rainforest, as opposed to the long-held view of a monotonous growing season or growth only during the wet rainy season, does in fact exhibit growth spurts during the dry season.
This is mainly due to the limitation of current space-based remote sensing, especially the spatial resolution, and the nature of vegetation index.
A can opener (in North American English and Australian English) or tin opener (sometimes used in British English) is a mechanical device used to open tin cans (metal cans).
Although preservation of food using tin cans had been practiced since at least 1772 in the Netherlands, the first can openers were not patented until 1855 in England and 1858 in the United States.
The first can opener, consisting of the now familiar sharp rotating cutting wheel that runs round the can's rim to cut open the lid, was invented in 1870, but was considered very difficult to operate for the ordinary consumer.
A successful design came out in 1925 when a second, serrated wheel was added to hold the cutting wheel on the rim of the can.
Around the time of World War II, several can openers were developed for military use, such as the American P-38 and P-51.
This canned salmon was known outside the Netherlands, and in 1797 a British company supplied one of their clients with 13 cans.
The patent was acquired in 1812 by Bryan Donkin, who would later set up the world's first canning factory in London in 1813.
The first cans were robust containers, which weighed more than the food they contained and required ingenuity to open, using whatever tools available.
The gap of decades between the invention of the can and can opener may be attributed to the functionality of existing tools versus the cost and effort of a new tool.
In 1855, Robert Yeates, a cutlery and surgical instrument maker of Trafalgar Place West, Hackney Road, Middlesex, UK, devised the first claw-ended can opener with a hand-operated tool that haggled its way around the top of metal cans.
In 1858, another lever-type opener of a more complex shape was patented in the United States by Ezra Warner of Waterbury, Connecticut.
This opener was adopted by the United States Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865); however, its unprotected knife-like sickle was too dangerous for domestic use.
The opener was made of cast iron and had a very similar construction to the Yeates opener, but featured a more artistic shape and was the first move towards improving the look of the can opener.
The first rotating wheel can opener was patented in July 1870 by William Lyman of Meriden, Connecticut and produced by the firm Baumgarten in the 1890s.
Then, the length of the lever had to be adjusted to fit the can size, and the lever fixed with the wingnut.
The top of the can was cut by pressing the cutting wheel into the can near the edge and rotating it along the can's rim.
Whereas all previous openers required using one hand or other means to hold the can, can-holding openers simultaneously grip the can and open it.
It featured the now standard pliers-type handles, when squeezed would tightly grip the can rim, while turning the key would rotate the cutting wheel, progressively cutting the lid along the rim.
The cutting wheel is coupled to a serrated feed wheel as in the Star design and rotated in the opposite direction by interlocking cogwheels reducing friction.
Made from a single piece of pressed metal, with a sharp point at one end, it was devised by D. F. Sampson, for the American Can Company, who depicted operating instructions on the cans.
Another motive for assigning the device such an ironic name could have been the fact beer was first canned (for test marketing) in 1933, the same year president Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Cullen-Harrison Bill.
Instead of piercing the can, it was used to tear off and roll up a pre-scored strip on the side of the can, just below the lid.
Such openers are spot-welded or soldered to many small, thin-walled cans nowadays and are separated prior to use by prying the key up and bending it back and forth a few times until it breaks loose.
The P-38 can opener is keychain-sized, about 1.5 inches (38 mm) long, and consists of a short metal blade that serves as a handle (and can also be used as a screwdriver), with a small, hinged metal tooth that folds out to pierce the can lid.
P-38 was developed in 1942 and was issued in the canned field rations of the United States Armed Forces from World War II to the 1980s.
The P-38 and P-51 openers share a designation with the Lockheed P-38 Lightning and North American P-51 Mustang fighters, however this is coincidental.
P-38s are no longer used for individual rations by the United States Armed Forces, as canned C-rations were replaced by soft-pack MREs in the 1980s.
They are also still seen in disaster recovery efforts and have been handed out alongside canned food by rescue organizations, both in America and abroad in Afghanistan.
A similar device that incorporates a small spoon at one end and a bottle opener at the other is currently employed by the Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Army in its ration kits.
Most military ration can openers have a very simple design and have also been produced for civilian use in many countries.
For example, small folding openers similar to the P-38 and P-51 were designed in 1924 and were widely distributed in the Eastern European countries.
A non-folding version of the P-38 used to be very common in Israeli kitchens, and can still be found in stores, often sold in packs of five.
Those openers were produced in the 1930s and advertised as capable of removing lids from more than 20 cans per minute without risk of injury.
Whereas most other openers remove the lid by cutting down through the lid from the top just inside the rim, removing the top and leaving the rim attached to the can, these use a roller and cutting wheel to cut round the side of the can just below the rim, removing the top and rim.
The feed wheel teeth have a somewhat finer pitch than those of earlier designs and reside at the bottom of a V-shaped groove, which surrounds the rim on three sides at the point of action.
This is a list of frigate classes of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom (and the individual ships composed within those classes) in chronological order from the formal creation of the Royal Navy following the Restoration in 1660.
Where the word 'class' or 'group' is not shown, the vessel was a 'one-off' design with just that vessel completed to the design.
Subsequently, the term was applied to any vessel with these characteristics, even to a third-rate or fourth-rate ship of the line.
In this list, the term is restricted to fifth rates and sixth rates which did not form part of the battlefleet (i.e.
were not ships of the line); many of the earliest ships described as English frigates, such as of 1645, were third-rate or fourth-rate ships of the line and thus are not listed below.
As the Royal Navy was not officially created until 1660, vessels from the preceding (Commonwealth) era are only included where they survived past 1660.
Fifth rates were essentially two-decked vessels, with their main battery on the lower deck and a lesser number of guns of lesser power on the upper deck (as well as even smaller guns on the quarter deck).
Sixth rates were single-decked vessels, with a battery on the (single) gun deck, and usually some lesser guns on the quarter deck.
For ships before the 1745 Establishment, the term 'class' is inappropriate as individual design was left up to the master shipwright in each Royal dockyard.
For other vessels, the Surveyor of the Navy produced a common design for ships which were to be built under a commercial contract rather than in a Royal Dockyard.
Consequently, the term 'group' is used as more applicable for ships built to similar specifications (and to the same principal dimensions) but to varying designs.
For over half a century from the 1690s, the main armament of this type was the 6-pounder gun, until it was replaced by nine-pounder guns just prior to being superseded by the 28-gun sixth-rate frigate.
For ships before the 1745 Establishment, the term 'class' is inappropriate as individual design was left up to the master shipwright in each Royal dockyard.
For other vessels, the Surveyor of the Navy produced a common design for ships which were to be built under a commercial contract rather than in a Royal Dockyard.
Consequently, the term 'group' is used as more applicable for ships built to similar specifications laid down in the Establishments but to varying designs.
There were no more guns on the lower deck that was lowered to the waterline; the pair were designated as 24-gun ships (disregarding the smaller guns) until 1756, when they were re-classed as 28-gun frigates.
Those fifth-rate ships were not frigates in a stricter sense, being two-deckers, but they were mostly used in the same way, e.g.
In the middle of the 18th century, those ships had a more powerful armament than the frigates at that time (these were nine and 12-pounders equipped), that consisted of 18-pounders on the gun deck.
After 1750, the official Admiralty criteria for defining a frigate required a minimum battery of 28 carriage-mounted guns, including such guns which were mounted on the quarterdeck and forecastle.
Further 28-gun sixth rates, similarly armed with a main battery of 24 nine-pounder guns (and with four smaller carriage guns on the quarterdeck) continued to be built to evolving designs until the 1780s.
Initial trials were with paddle-driven vessels, but these had numerous disadvantages, not least that the paddle wheels restricted the numbers of guns that could be mounted on the broadside.
So the application of the screw propellor meant that a full broadside could still be carried, and a number of sail frigates were adapted, while during the 1850s the first frigates designed from the start to have screw propulsion were ordered.
It is important to remember that all these early steam vessels still carried a full rig of masts and sails, and that steam power remained a means of assistance to these vessels.
In 1887 all frigates and corvettes in the British Navy were re-categorised as 'cruisers', and the term 'frigate' was abolished, not to re-emerge until the Second World War, at which time it was resurrected to describe a totally different type of escort vessel.
Following this unsuccessful experiment, though iron hulls were used for some warships in the 1840s, almost all the screw frigates below were wooden-hulled.
The term 'frigate' was revived during World War II for a new type of escort vessel and has been employed continuously since that period.
Note that, unlike the previous sections, no lists of the individual ships comprising each class are shown below the class names; the individual vessels are to be found in the articles on the separate classes.
Note that frigate names were routinely re-used, so that there were often many vessels which re-used the same names over the course of nearly two centuries.
Amy Woodforde-Finden was born Amelia Rowe Ward in 1860 at Valparaíso, Chile, the youngest daughter of American parents, Alfred and Virginia Worthington Heath Ward.
Her father died in 1867 and her mother moved the family to London, where Virginia became a naturalized British citizen in 1873.
The latter was originally self-published in 1902 but because of its popularity and the influence of Hamilton Earle, it was eventually published by Boosey & Co.
Her songs are noted for their sentimentality, their romantic fluidity and how they blend a particularly British, middle-class sensibility with an Asian pastiche.
Amy moved back to London after she lost her husband, and survived him by only three years, dying on 13 March 1919.
She interpreted the sounds and motives of Asian-South Asian music to an American-European audience and transported the listener to a world of romance and the exotic.
Two complete sets of the Four Indian Love Lyrics were made by the English tenor Frank Titterton; and three by the Australian bass-baritone Peter Dawson, in 1923, 1925 and 1932.
A Light fighter or lightweight fighter is a fighter aircraft towards the low end of the practical range of weight, cost, and complexity over which fighters are fielded.
A well-designed lightweight fighter is able to match or better a heavier type plane-for-plane in many missions, and for lower cost.
From 1926 the light fighter concept has been a regular thread in the development of fighter aircraft, with some notable designs entering large-scale use.
These criteria, in order of importance, are the ability to benefit from the element of surprise, to have numerical superiority in the air, to have superior maneuverability, and to possess adequate weapon systems effectiveness.
Light fighters typically achieve a surprise advantage over larger aircraft due to smaller visual and radar signatures, which is important since in the majority of air-to-air kills, the element of surprise is dominant.
Finally, while a single engine light fighter would typically only carry about half the weapons load of a heavy twin engine fighter, its surprise and maneuverability advantages often allow it to gain positional advantage to make better use of those weapons.
A requirement for low cost and therefore small fighters first arose in the period between World War I and World War II.
In past combats, surprise advantage has been mostly based upon small visual and radar signatures, and having good visibility out of the cockpit.
Surprise is a significant advantage, since historically in about 80% of air-to-air kills, the victim was unaware of the attacker until too late.
Small fighters like the F-5 with a planform area of about or the F-16 at about , compared to about for the F-15, have a much lower visual profile.
The small fighter is typically invisible to opposing pilots beyond about , whereas a larger fighter such as the F-15 is visible to about .
These two factors together give the light fighter pilot much better statistical odds of seeing the heavy fighter first and setting up a decisive first shot.
Once the small fighter sees and turns towards the opponent its very small frontal area reduces maximum visual detection range to about .
However, this cannot be counted upon to give the large fighter a winning advantage, as larger fighters with typical radar cross sectional area of about are detectable by a given radar at about 50% farther range than the cross section of the light fighter.
For example, from the front the F-15 actually presents about radar cross sectional area, and has been typically defeated by opposing F-16 forces not only in close dogfighting combat, but also in extensive Beyond Visual Range (BVR) trials.
Also, airborne fighter radars are limited: their coverage is only to the front, and are far from perfect in detecting enemy aircraft.
Although radar was extensively used by the United States in the Vietnam War, only 18% of North Vietnamese fighters were first detected by radar, and only 3% by radar on fighter aircraft.
The modern trend to stealth aircraft is an attempt to maximize surprise in an era when Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missiles are becoming more effective than the quite low effectiveness BVR has had in the past.
Not even taking into account the sometimes superior combat capability of lighter aircraft based on surprise and maneuverability, the pure numbers issue of lower cost and higher reliability (higher sortie rates) also tends to favor light fighters.
It is a basic outcome of Lanchester's laws, or the salvo combat model, that a larger number of less-sophisticated units will tend to be successful over a smaller number of more advanced ones; the damage dealt is based on the square of the number of units firing, while the quality of those units has only a linear effect on the outcome.
Additionally, as pilot capability is actually the top consideration in maximizing total effectiveness of the pilot-aircraft system, the lower purchase and operational cost of light fighters permits more training, thus delivering more effective pilots.
For example, as of 2013, total heavy F-15C operating cost is reported at US$41,900 per hour, and light F-16C cost at US$22,500 per hour.
Light fighters have no inherent aerodynamic advantage for speed and range, but when designed to be as simple as possible they do tend to have lower wing loading and higher thrust to weight ratio.
This area is one where the light fighter can be at a disadvantage, since the combat load of a single engine light fighter is typically about half of a twin engine heavy fighter.
However, modern single engine light fighters such as the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Saab JAS 39 Gripen generally carry similar cannon and air-to-air missile fighter weapons as heavier fighters.
Actual aerial combat in the modern era is of short duration, typically about two minutes, and as only a small fraction of this is spent actually firing, modest weapons load outs are generally effective.
The ideal weapons load for a modern fighter is considered to be an internal gun and two to four guided missiles, a load that modern light fighters are fully capable of while maintaining high agility.
For example, the JAS 39 Gripen, despite being the lightest major fighter in current production, carries a combat load of a 27mm cannon and up to six air-to-air missiles of the same types as carried by heavy fighters.
The specific argument usually presented is that heavy fighters have superior radar range and longer range BVR missiles that take advantage of that range.
This radar range advantage is one of the major reasons for the existence of the modern heavy fighter, but it has not turned out to be a significant advantage in air combat history to date for several reasons.
A major reason has been because long range BVR missile shots have often been unusable, and often unreliable when they could be taken.
Due to these factors, between 1958 and 1982 in five wars there were 2,014 missile firings by fighter pilots engaged in air-to-air combat in five wars, but there were only four beyond-visual-range kills.
The more general and often misunderstood argument for more technology that has been historically assumed to favor heavy fighters is not just better radar but better systems support for the fighter pilot in other ways as well.
Examples include all weather capability, precise electronic navigation, electronic counter-measures, data-linking for improved information awareness, and automation to lighten pilot workload and keep the pilot focused on tasks essential to combat.
This was a compelling argument, as the greatest factor in the effectiveness of a fighter plane has always been the pilot.
The quest was on to turn each fighter pilot into an ace, and technology seemed the easiest, and the only way to achieve it.
While the technology advantage for heavy fighters that better supported the pilot may well have been a valid point in the 1970s (when the F-14 and F-15 first entered service), this advantage has not been maintained over time.
Engine performance improvements have improved load carry capability, and with more compact electronics, the lightweight fighter has, from the 1980s onwards, had similar pilot enhancing technical features.
However, as budgets have limits for all nations, the optimum selection of fighter aircraft weight, complexity, and cost is an important strategic issue even for wealthy nations.
As an example where well referenced data is available, though numerous trial and combat references consider the lightweight F-16 to be as good or better on a per plane as the excellent but expensive F-15, fielding and maintaining a light fighter force based on the F-16 is approximately half the cost of the same number of F-15's.
The US Air Force reports the total loaded cost per hour (as of 2013) of operating the F-16C to be ~US$22,500 per hour, while that of the heavy F-15C is $41,900 per hour.
Lanchester's laws on military superiority suggest that any technical superiority of the heavy fighter on a unit basis will not always translate to winning wars.
For example, late in WWII the greatly superior German Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter, flown by the finest pilots Germany had left, many of them very high scoring aces with kill counts far in excess of Allied pilots, in its relatively small numbers suffered heavy losses and was unable to fundamentally alter the air war over Germany.
The light fighter class originally stemmed from concern at the growing size and cost of the frontline fighters in the 1920s.
Several aircraft, including the Nieuport-Delage NiD 48 and Amiot 110, were trialed without much success as they offered little over aircraft already in production In the late 1920s the British similarly issued specification F.20/27 for a short-range fast-climbing daylight interceptor.
The de Havilland DH.77 and Vickers Jockey monoplanes were among seven designs tendered to meet the specification but neither went into production, the heavier but faster biplane Hawker Fury being preferred.
Despite the failure of their Jockey program, the French returned to lightweight fighters during the 1930s as a means to expand France's fleet of aircraft and counter the buildup of the German air force.
A mid-thirties specification requiring fixed undercarriage produced two prototypes and in 1936 a revised requirement for retractable gear resulted in three prototypes.
There was debate before and during World War II about the optimum size, weight and number of engines for fighter aircraft.
Properly designed with competitive power to weight and thrust to drag ratios, these aircraft out-performed heavy fighters in combat due to greater surprise and maneuverability.
Some single-engined fighters (including the P-51 Mustang and A6M Zero) could also match or beat the range of their heavy twin-engined counterparts.
By concentrating wing, engine and landing gear weight in the firewall, the structure of the Bf 109 could be made relatively light and simple.
The more heavily armed and powerful G version used later in the war had an empty weight of 2,700 kg (5,900 lb).
Entering service in 1940 and remaining in use throughout the war, it had an empty weight of 1,680 kg (3,704 lb) for the A6M2 version, which was extremely light even by the standards of its time.
The design team leader, Jiro Horikoshi, intended it to be as light and agile as possible, embodying the qualities of a samurai sword.
With Japanese engine technology lagging behind that of the west, but required to out-perform western fighters, the designers minimised weight to maximize range and maneuverability.
Early in World War II the Zero was considered the most capable carrier-based fighter in the world, and the extremely long range meant that the Zero could appear in and strike locations where Japanese air power was otherwise not expected to reach.
In early combat operations, the Zero gained a reputation as an excellent dogfighter, achieving a kill ratio of 12 to 1.
However, Japan was unable to keep improving the aircraft through the war, primarily limited by lagging engine technology, and by mid-1942 a combination of new tactics and the introduction of better aircraft enabled the Allied pilots to engage the Zero on equal or superior terms.
For instance, the larger and heavier Grumman F6F Hellcat had superior performance to the Zero in all aspects other than manoeuvrability.
Combined with the US Navy's superior training standards, units equipped with the type achieved a large victory-to-loss ratio against the Zero and other Japanese aircraft.
The British entered World War II with two modern single-engined fighters forming the majority of the fighter force of the RAF – the Supermarine Spitfire and the Hawker Hurricane.
Initially introduced as bomber interceptors, both started with eight machine gun armament but changed to cannon in the course of the war.
The empty weight of the Battle of Britain-era Spitfire IIA was 2,142 kg (4,723 lb), increasing to 2,984 kg (6,578 lb) in a later variant.
Most Spitfires had a Rolls Royce Merlin engine, but later variants used one of the most powerful engines of the war – the Rolls Royce Griffon.
The Hawker Hurricane played an important role in the Battle of Britain, but its performance was inferior to the Spitfire and during the war was removed from frontline duty as a fighter and used for ground attack.
Instead, the US developed a number of standard pursuit fighters, the most efficient being the relatively lightweight North American P-51 Mustang.
The United States Navy, also made aware of lightweight advantages by combat results, ordered a lighter version of the Grumman F6F Hellcat, which at empty weight had limited maneuverability and rate of climb.
The Soviet Yakovlev Yak-3, which entered service in 1944, was an attempt to develop the smallest and lightest fighter around the V-12 Klimov M-107 engine.
As this engine was not available in time, the Klimov M-105 was substituted, with a resulting empty weight of 2,100 kg (4,640 lb).
A development of the Yakovlev Yak-7, it entered combat in late 1942 and was the Soviet Union's most-produced fighter with 16,769 built.
The Luftwaffe's He 162A of 1945 was a very deliberate attempt at producing a low cost jet fighter without materials that were in short supply at the end of the war.
It was a low cost emergency fighter which could be built by unskilled labour and would be flown by inexperienced pilots to defend the Third Reich.
With a top speed of 790 km/h (491 mph) at normal thrust at sea level, and 840 km/h (522 mph) at 6000 m (19,680 ft), it was about 130 km/h (80 mph) faster than Allied fighters but had no more than 30 minutes fuel.
Test pilots reported it to be a fine handling and conceptually well designed aircraft, and considered its problems to be rushed delivery more than any fundamental design flaws.
It never formally entered operational service, and did not receive the benefit of being flown by well trained pilots using a well considered operational plan.
After World War II fighter design moved into the jet era, and many jet fighters followed the successful World War II formula of highly efficient mostly single-engine designs.
Prominent early examples include the British mid-50s Folland Gnat, the American North American F-86 Sabre, Northrop F-5 and the Soviet Mikoyan MiG-15.
It weighed 3,630 kg (8,003 lb) empty and was one of the first successful jet fighters to use swept wings for high transonic speeds.
With an empty weight of 5000 kg (11,000 lb) it was nearly 40 per cent heavier than the MiG-15, but light compared with today's fighters.
Considered (with the MiG 15) as one of the best fighters in the Korean War, it was the most-produced Western jet fighter, with total production of 9,860 units.
Although only adopted by the UK as a trainer, the Gnat served successfully as a fighter for the Indian Air Force and was in service from 1959 to 1979.
With an empty weight of 2,177 kg (4,800 lbs) it was the lightest successful post-World War II jet fighter, though at the cost of shorter range compared to other fighters.
The Gnat is credited as having shot down seven Pakistani F-86's in the 1965 war, for the loss of two Gnats downed by PAF fighters.
The Gnat was successful against the capable F-86 flown by well-trained Pakistani pilots because its smaller size allowed a superior level of surprise and greater agility in dogfighting.
Italy produced the Fiat G.91 while the competition was underway and, in 1957, this was selected as NATO's standard strike fighter.
In the mid-1950s, it was realized that fighter costs were escalating to possibly unacceptable levels, and some companies sought to reverse the trend to heavier and more expensive fighters.
Smaller, cheaper and simpler than the contemporary F-4 Phantom, the F-5 had excellent performance and was popular on the export market.
It was perhaps the most effective US-produced fighter in the 1960s and early 1970s, with a high sortie rate, low accident rate, high maneuverability, and an effective armament of 20mm cannon and heat-seeking missiles.
In direct combat against the similar MiG-21 (which performed well against American fighters in Vietnam), the F-5 is known to have scored 13 victories against 4 losses.
Just under 1000 of the F-5A Freedom Fighter were sold worldwide, and another 1,400 of the updated F-5E Tiger II version.
As of 2016 the F-5 remains in service with many nations, some of which have undertaken extensive upgrade programs to modernize its abilities with digital avionics and radar guided missiles.
The light middleweight Saab 35 Draken was a second to third generation Mach 2 fighter produced from 1955 to 1974 and in service for 45 years, with empty weights from 6,577 kg (14,500) to 7,440 kg (16,400 lbs).
Similar in size to the F-5, the Russian Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 entered service in 1959, was produced until 1985, and is still in widespread use today.
The late Generation 2 to Generation 3, Mach 2 MiG-21 has an empty weight of 4535 kg (10,000 lbs), and has served nearly 60 nations.
It shot down 37 to 104 US Phantoms, in the Vietnam War, with the Phantoms shooting down 54 to 66 MiG-21s in return.
The US's Vought F-8 Crusader used in Vietnam weighed 8000 kg (17,500 lb), as compared with 13,750 kg (30,300 lbs) for an F-4 Phantom.
The US claims the Crusader (up to 1968) shot down six enemy aircraft for every loss, compared with 2.4 for every Phantom lost.
The first few decades of the jet fighter era showed a combat history similar in general trend to that of the propeller fighters of World War II.
So long as lighter fighters are of sufficient power-to-weight ratio and airframe sophistication, and flown by similarly skilled pilots, they tend to dominate over heavier fighters using surprise, numbers, and maneuverability.
In World War II fighter design was strongly influenced by the seeking of higher speeds that were valuable in combat in order to close with the enemy or to escape.
This trend was instinctively continued in some jet fighters through the 3rd generation (F-4 at Mach 2.23) and into the 4th generation (F-14 at Mach 2.35 and F-15 at Mach 2.5+).
First, it requires extensive use of the afterburner, which typically increases fuel consumption by about a factor of three or even four, and rapidly reduces operational radius.
Second, speeds even above about Mach 0.7 to Mach 1 (depending on circumstances) so widen the turn radius in maneuvering combat that the fighter is thrown too wide to get a tracking solution on an opponent.
Speed had reached the limit of its practical combat value, such that optimum fighter design required understanding the penalties the endless search for higher speed was imposing, and sometimes deliberately choosing not to accept those penalties.
As supersonic performance, with afterburning engines and modern missile armament, became the norm the Soviet Mikoyan MiG-21, the French Mirage III, and the Swedish Saab Draken entered service.
The next generation of lightweight fighters included the American F-16 Fighting Falcon, Swedish JAS 39 Gripen, Indian HAL Tejas, Korean FA-50, Japanese Mitsubishi F-2, Chinese Chengdu J-10 and Pakistani CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder.
The investment to maintain a competitive modern lightweight fighter air force is approximately $90M to $130M (2013 dollars) per plane over a 20-year service life, which is approximately half the cost of heavy fighters so understanding fighter aircraft design trade-offs and combat effectiveness is of national level strategic importance.
Its competitor, the Northrop YF-17, led to the successful McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet Navy fighter as cheaper alternative to the F-14.
In the 1980s the privately developed F-5G, later renamed the Northrop F-20 Tigershark, aimed to correct weaknesses in the aging F-5 while maintaining small size and low cost.
Its General Electric F404 engine produced 60 per cent more power than the F-5, and it had a higher climb rate and acceleration, better cockpit visibility, and more modern radar.
Despite its high performance and cost effectiveness, the F-20 lost out for foreign sales against the similarly capable, more expensive F-16, which was being procured in large numbers by the US Air Force and was viewed as having greater support.
The HAL Tejas has an empty weight of 6,500 kg (14,300 lbs), and is the lightest fighter among current production light fighters.
Introduced into limited service in 2014, with 16 IOC specification aircraft delivered to January 2020, it was the lowest-cost fighter aircraft with competitive air-to-air capability in production at that time, at an equivalent cost of US$27 million.
A further 16 fighter aircraft, in a FOC specification, and 8 dual seat trainer aircraft have been ordered, are expected to be delivered by the middle of 2021.
The design is similar to the Mirage III and JAS 39 Gripen, being a light tailless delta-wing single-engine fighter with ground attack capability.
The CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder light fighter was developed jointly by China's Chengdu Aircraft Corporation and Pakistan's Pakistan Aeronautical Complex in the early 2000s.
It can operate from short airstrips and 800m (800 yard) sections of road, can be serviced by moderately trained mechanics, and has high sortie rates.
Among Western 4th generation fighters the Gripen has the lowest operating cost at about $4,700 per flight hour (as of 2012).
The Gripen has relaxed stability fly-by-wire flight controls for maximum agility, a top speed of Mach 2, a 27mm cannon, heat-seeking missiles, and radar-guided missiles.
The issue of where a fighter is best positioned on the weight, cost, and complexity curve is still a contentious issue.
Stealth technology (airframe and engine design that strongly reduce radar and heat signatures) seeks to emphasize the most important feature of fighter effectiveness, the element of surprise.
So far it has been featured only on heavier and more expensive fighters, specifically the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II.
These fighters are not only stealthy, but also have information or combat awareness advantages due to active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars, and data linking for external cuing of enemy position and friendly force status.
Their combination of near invisibility, superior combat awareness, networking, and reliable Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missiles, enables them to get deep inside the enemy's OODA loop and destroy enemy fighters before their pilots are even aware of the threat.
Fighter drones (see Unmanned combat aerial vehicle) are under development, driven by the same tactical and cost effectiveness principles of light fighters.
Though there is cultural resistance to replacement of human fighter pilots and also concerns about entrusting life and death decisions to robot software, such fighter drones are expected to eventually be implemented.
In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts and splittings in the energy levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to interaction between the state of the nucleus and the state of the electron clouds.
In atoms, hyperfine structure arises from the energy of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment interacting with the magnetic field generated by the electrons and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient due to the distribution of charge within the atom.
Molecular hyperfine structure is generally dominated by these two effects, but also includes the energy associated with the interaction between the magnetic moments associated with different magnetic nuclei in a molecule, as well as between the nuclear magnetic moments and the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the molecule.
Hyperfine structure, with energy shifts typically orders of magnitudes smaller than those of a fine-structure shift, results from the interactions of the nucleus (or nuclei, in molecules) with internally generated electric and magnetic fields.
It could, however, only be explained in terms of quantum mechanics when Wolfgang Pauli proposed the existence of a small nuclear magnetic moment in 1924.
In 1935, H. Schüler and Theodor Schmidt proposed the existence of a nuclear quadrupole moment in order to explain anomalies in the hyperfine structure.
The theory of hyperfine structure comes directly from electromagnetism, consisting of the interaction of the nuclear multipole moments (excluding the electric monopole) with internally generated fields.
Electron orbital angular momentum results from the motion of the electron about some fixed external point that we shall take to be the location of the nucleus.
For a many-electron atom this expression is generally written in terms of the total orbital angular momentum, formula_10, by summing over the electrons and using the projection operator, formula_11, where formula_12.
The electron spin angular momentum is a fundamentally different property that is intrinsic to the particle and therefore does not depend on the motion of the electron.
Nonetheless it is angular momentum and any angular momentum associated with a charged particle results in a magnetic dipole moment, which is the source of a magnetic field.
It has been argued that one may get a different expression when taking into account the detailed nuclear magnetic moment distribution.
The molecular hyperfine Hamiltonian includes those terms already derived for the atomic case with a magnetic dipole term for each nucleus with formula_39 and an electric quadrupole term for each nucleus with formula_40.
The magnetic dipole terms were first derived for diatomic molecules by Frosch and Foley, and the resulting hyperfine parameters are often called the Frosch and Foley parameters.
Each nucleus with formula_39 has a non-zero magnetic moment that is both the source of a magnetic field and has an associated energy due to the presence of the combined field of all of the other nuclear magnetic moments.
A typical simple example of the hyperfine structure due to the interactions discussed above is in the rotational transitions of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in its ground vibrational state.
Here, the electric quadrupole interaction is due to the N-nucleus, the hyperfine nuclear spin-spin splitting is from the magnetic coupling between nitrogen, N (I=1), and hydrogen, H (I=1/2), and a hydrogen spin-rotation interaction due to the H-nucleus.
The dipole selection rules for HCN hyperfine structure transitions are formula_46, formula_47, where is the rotational quantum number and is the total rotational quantum number inclusive of nuclear spin (formula_48), respectively.
Using the selection rules, the hyperfine pattern of formula_50 transition and higher dipole transitions is in the form of a hyperfine sextet.
So, from formula_50 upwards the hyperfine pattern consists of three very closely spaced stronger hyperfine components (formula_46, formula_55) together with two widely spaced components; one on the low frequency side and one on the high frequency side relative to the central hyperfine triplet.
Each of these outliers carry ~formula_56 ( is the upper rotational quantum number of the allowed dipole transition) the intensity of the entire transition.
For consecutively higher- transitions, there are small but significant changes in the relative intensities and positions of each individual hyperfine component.
Hyperfine interactions can be measured, among other ways, in atomic and molecular spectra and in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of free radicals and transition-metal ions.
As the hyperfine splitting is very small, the transition frequencies are usually not located in the optical, but are in the range of radio- or microwave (also called sub-millimeter) frequencies.
Carl Sagan and Frank Drake considered the hyperfine transition of hydrogen to be a sufficiently universal phenomenon so as to be used as a base unit of time and length on the Pioneer plaque and later Voyager Golden Record.
In submillimeter astronomy, heterodyne receivers are widely used in detecting electromagnetic signals from celestial objects such as star-forming core or young stellar objects.
The separations among neighboring components in a hyperfine spectrum of an observed rotational transition are usually small enough to fit within the receiver's IF band.
The atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) process uses the hyperfine splitting between optical transitions in uranium-235 and uranium-238 to selectively photo-ionize only the uranium-235 atoms and then separate the ionized particles from the non-ionized ones.
The hyperfine structure transition can be used to make a microwave notch filter with very high stability, repeatability and Q factor, which can thus be used as a basis for very precise atomic clocks.
Typically, the transition frequency of a particular isotope of caesium or rubidium atoms is used as a basis for these clocks.
Due to the accuracy of hyperfine structure transition-based atomic clocks, they are now used as the basis for the definition of the second.
On October 21, 1983, the 17th CGPM defined the metre as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of of a second.
The hyperfine splitting in hydrogen and in muonium have been used to measure the value of the fine structure constant α.
They have the advantage of having very long lifetimes, experimentally exceeding ~10 min (compared to ~1 s for metastable electronic levels).
The frequency associated with the states' energy separation is in the microwave region, making it possible to drive hyperfine transitions using microwave radiation.
In addition, near-field gradients have been exploited to individually address two ions separated by approximately 4.3 micrometers directly with microwave radiation.
There is no specific date when the office of Prime Minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through merger of duties.
However, Francisco Martinez de la Rosa was the first Prime Minister recognized by a constitutional law (Spanish Royal Statute of 1834) and Felipe González the longest-serving Prime Minister to have been officially referred to as such.
In the current modern Spain, the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain since the approval of the Constitution was Adolfo Suárez.
Due to the gradual evolution of the post of Prime Minister, the title is applied to early Prime Ministers only retrospectively and so this list includes those who have been referred to with various titles.
Since the reign of Philip V, the Prime Ministers have received several titles such as Secretary of State (until 1834), President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1874–1923; 1925–1936), President of the Executive Power (1874) or President of the Government (1938–present), among others.
On 7 January 1977 she was sold for scrap and on 25 January 1977 she arrived in Burriana in Spain to be broken up.
Walter Stanley Monroe (May 14, 1871 – October 6, 1952) was a businessman and conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of Newfoundland from 1924 to 1928 as leader of the Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party.
He was born in Ireland in 1871, the first son of John Monroe, a distinguished lawyer who became Solicitor-General for Ireland, and his wife Elizabeth Moule.
The Monroe government saw a successful settlement of the Labrador boundary dispute with Quebec after Newfoundland successfully argued its case at the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.
As Prime Minister, one of his first moves in power was to abolish the personal income tax, and to reduce corporate taxes paid by banks.
His government introduced a franchise bill to the legislature in 1925, where it passed unanimously on March 9, and became law on April 13, 1925.
Monroe returned to private life and resigned on August 15, 1928 passing the leadership of the party to his cousin Frederick C. Alderdice who became the new Prime Minister.
She was built by Nordseewerke in Emden, Germany and launched in 1962 as Overseas Adventurer for London and Overseas Bulk Carriers, a subsidiary of London & Overseas Freighters (LOF).
She was towed to Sharjah where she was declared a constructive total loss on 9 April 1986 and laid up for disposal.
She was sold to National Ship Demolition Co Ltd of Taiwan, arrived Kaohsiung on 24 January 1987 and her demolition began on 19 February 1987.
The ship did not proceed to Sierra Leone, but instead relieved other RFA vessels of participation in a major exercise off Scotland.
Royal Air Force Digby otherwise known as RAF Digby is Royal Air Force station located near Scopwick and south east of Lincoln, in Lincolnshire, England.
The station is home to the tri-service Joint Service Signals Organisation, part of Joint Forces Intelligence Group of Joint Forces Command.
Formerly an RAF training and fighter airfield it is the site of one of the country's older Royal Air Force stations, predated only by RAF Northolt which is the oldest and predates the Royal Air Force by three years having opened in 1915.
There are dated photographs that show that the airfield was already in use for flying training by Royal Naval pilots in the summer of 1917, although no documents supporting this have ever been found.
The photographs show contemporary hangars, sheds and aircraft already in place around grassed runways and uniformed Royal Naval trainee pilots from the HMS Daedalus facility at Cranwell receiving instruction.
What is on record is the minutes of a conference held at the Scopwick airfield in November 1917 that confirmed its suitability for conversion to a training depot station in its own right.
On 12 January 1918 the War Office issued the authority notice for the site to be formally taken over under the Defence of the Realm Regulations.
Early accommodation for personnel was under canvas and the first pilots arrived on 28 March 1918, commanded by Major John H D’Albiac a former Royal Marines aviator.
The party left Royal Flying Corps Portholme Meadow aerodrome in Huntingdonshire and moved to Scopwick, bringing Handley Page bombers with them.
RAF Scopwick aerodrome was deemed officially open with their arrival, although the newly established Royal Air Force did not formally come into existence until four days later on 1 April 1918.
59 Training Depot Station RAF, its initial establishment of 10 x Handley Page 0/100s, 18 x FE2EB/DS and 30 x Avro 504Ks indicates that it was a night bomber training unit.
The only action seen by RAF Scopwick during World War I was when a German Zeppelin attempted a bombing raid, with its bombs missing the station and falling in a nearby field.
3 Flying Training School RAF whose first commander was Squadron Leader A T Harris, later to become known as Air Marshal 'Bomber' Harris.
Five months later the name of the station changed from Scopwick to RAF Digby, after several instances of aircraft spares being delivered in error to RAF Shotwick in North Wales.
In April 1922 the school was disbanded and the station placed on care and maintenance, when the RAF contracted further after the end of the war.
The school flew Avro 504s, Bristol Fighters, and Sopwith Snipes and specialised in training novice pilots to fly in fighter-type aircraft, rather than the usual practice of learning on basic trainers and later converting to fighters.
The school was commanded by Wing Commander Sidney 'Crasher' Smith DSO AFC, so named because of his habit of landing his aircraft rather more robustly than they were designed for; including three aircraft in a single day.
Smith's replacement as station commander was an officer due for greater things, Wing Commander Arthur Tedder later became Lord Tedder and Marshal of the Royal Air Force.
In 1934 the station was commanded by Group Captain T Leigh-Mallory, who was later to become Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory and one of the most notable commanders in Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain.
Between 1929 and 1936 the appearance of the station changed dramatically and most of the original wooden 1917/1918 hangars, barrack blocks and offices were demolished and replaced with substantial brick structures.
The seven original hangars were replaced by two new ones, although a planned third hangar was first delayed and eventually never built.
Most of the domestic barrack blocks, officers' mess, station headquarters, squadron offices and married quarters built at this time still stand and remain in use.
12 Group Fighter Command as an operational fighter station intended to provide fighter cover for the cities of Lincoln, Nottingham and Leicester.
RAF Digby entered the war with some of its squadrons operating from nearby satellite fields under its control at RAF Coleby Grange and RAF Wellingore.
With the squadron came the soon-to-be-famous officer Guy Gibson, who would be awarded a Victoria Cross as the commander of the Dambusters.
In late August 1940 a single German Junkers Ju 88 bomber appeared suddenly out of the mist and dropped its load of bombs on the station, all of them missing the runways and buildings to explode harmlessly on open ground.
The Canadian Digby wing was formed on 24 April 1941 when the station received three further squadrons, 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron flying Boulton Paul Defiants, No.
It was decided to relocate the 12 Group Sector Operations Centre away from further danger and it moved to a luxurious setting in the west wing of Blankney Hall where it stayed for the remainder of the war.
Several squadrons commandeered the nearby Ashby Hall as their officers' mess and the hall remained in this role until the end of the war when it fell into disrepair and its estate was broken up.
American-born pilot and poet John Gillespie Magee flying for the Canadian air force was killed at the age of 19 on 11 December 1941 while stationed at RAF Digby with No 412 (Fighter) Squadron, RCAF.
Magee took off in a Spitfire from the satellite field at RAF Wellingore and, while descending through cloud over Roxholm village just south of Digby, was involved in a mid-air collision with an Airspeed Oxford climbing out of RAF Cranwell.
Magee is buried at the war graves section of Scopwick churchyard along with 49 other aviators from local airfields and five German aircrew.
UK bomb-disposal teams were having continuing problems rendering safe with German Butterfly bombs because no examples had been safely dismantled to learn the best process.
Whilst dealing with eight butterfly bombs which had fallen on RAF Harlaxton and failed to explode, Flight Sergeant Hanford of RAF Bomb Disposal (based at RAF Digby) noticed that the arming rods on the bombs had not fully unscrewed themselves i.e.
Hanford carefully screwed the arming rods back into the fuze pockets by hand, thereby enabling the bomb disposal scientists to safely dismantle the fuze mechanisms, learn how they worked and develop counter-measures.
Highly useful information in the form of diagrams and detailed explanations were then distributed to bomb disposal technicians for instructional purposes.
Airfield guarding duties during the war were covered initially by a variety of Army units and later by several squadrons the RAF Regiment.
On 16 September 1942 control of Digby formally passed to Canada and the station was renamed Royal Canadian Air Force Station Digby under the command of Group Captain McNab RCAF.
During early 1944 Digby was a hive of activity with all of the resident squadrons and several visiting squadrons, including several Czech and Belgian squadrons, taken up with training for D-day invasion support.
When the invasion took place all of the squadrons relocated to captured airfields in France and Digby became an almost deserted 'ghost town'.
116 Squadron RAF flying a small number of Airspeed Oxfords in an anti-aircraft training role and two squadrons flying elderly Blenheims for radar calibration off the east coast.
In May 1945 control of the station was handed back by the Canadians and it again became RAF Digby, although the new station crest showed the autumn gold maple leaf to permanently acknowledge its history as a Canadian facility for three years.
By the time the war in Europe ended on 8 May 1945, RAF Digby had been the wartime home to 30 RAF squadrons, 13 Canadian squadrons, 4 Polish squadrons, 2 Belgian squadrons and 1 Czech squadron.
The station had also hosted the full range of visiting RAF heavy bombers and their crews, as well as no fewer than 30 USAAF B-17Gs on a foggy night in November 1944.
Between 1948 and 1950 Digby also became home to the No.1 Initial Officer Training unit, the Aircrew Education Unit, the Aircrew Transit Unit and the Instructional Leadership Course.
2 Aircrew Grading School for both potential pilots and ancillary aircrew was established at Digby using a wide range of elderly aircraft.
Flying ceased at Digby when all units and training schools were disbanded or relocated during January 1953 and the station was placed on care and maintenance until October 1954 when building works commenced in preparation for the establishment of the proposed signals units.
In September 1959 the Wireless Operators' School and the Aerial Erectors' School were established at Digby to begin training their respective students.
On 1 September 1998 399 Signals Unit merged with the newly arrived Special Signals Support Unit from Loughborough to form the Joint Service Signal Unit (Digby).
The JSSO also conducts research into new communications systems and techniques in order to provide operational support to static and deployed units of the armed forces.
Joint Service Signal Unit (Digby) is one of several Joint Service Signal Units (JSSU) within the JSSO and provides specialist communications information systems to the British Armed Forces.
It moved to Digby in 1955 and was transferred to Strike Command in July 2000 when it became an Air Combat Support Unit (ACSU) of the RAF Air Warfare Centre.
RAF Digby is also home to the Sector Operations Room Museum which was opened by Air Chief Marshal Sir John Allison on 30 May 1997.
The museum is funded by donations and is normally open to the public from 11.00am on Sundays from 1st Sunday in May to 1st Sunday in October, or by special arrangement.
Due to political constraints, the ship was not permitted to pass through the Straits of Hormuz and therefore remained stationed outside the Persian Gulf.
Moreover, he observed what is now termed the Wilson effect: the penumbra and umbra vary in the manner expected by perspective effects if the umbrae of the spots are in fact slight depressions in the surface of the photosphere.
Georgia State Route 400 (SR  400; commonly known as Georgia 400) is a freeway and state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia serving parts of Metro Atlanta.
It is concurrent with U.S. Route 19 (US 19) from exit 4 (Interstate 285) until its northern terminus south-southeast of Dahlonega, linking the city of Atlanta to its north-central suburbs and exurbs.
SR 400 travels from the Lindbergh neighborhood in the Buckhead district of Atlanta, at Interstate 85 (I-85), to just south-southeast of Dahlonega.
Like the Interstate highways, it is a limited-access road (with interchanges instead of intersections), but unlike the interstates (which were renumbered by GDOT in 2000), the exit numbers are not mileage-based, they are sequential.
Once SR 400 passes exit 17 (SR 306), it changes from a limited-access freeway into an at-grade divided highway with traffic lights, but still with a high speed limit of , and ends at the J.B. Jones Intersection at SR 60/SR 115 in Lumpkin County.
SR 400 travels concurrently with MARTA's Red Line between its Buckhead and Medical Center stops; the Red Line's final stop is at the North Springs station.
SR 400 goes through a tunnel under the Atlanta Financial Center in Buckhead, south of SR 400's exit 2 (SR 141 Connector/Lenox Road.
Major junctions include SR 140 (exit 7A/7B on SR 400 northbound and exit 7 on SR 400 southbound) and SR 120 (exit 11).
From US 19 and I-285 in Sandy Springs, SR 9 travels parallel to SR 400 to the west until SR 9 reaches Coal Mountain.
In Coal Mountain, SR 9 veers northwest away from SR 400, but then later turns northeast toward its northern terminus at its intersection at US 19 in downtown Dahlonega.
From SR 400's exit 8, Mansell Road, to exit 11, Windward Parkway, North Point Parkway travels parallel to the east of SR 400.
Major interchanges include SR 141 (exit 13), SR 20 (exit 14A/14B on SR 400 northbound; exit 14 on SR 400 southbound), SR 306 (exit 17), and SR 369.
Travelers can access Bald Ridge Marina and boat ramps for Lake Lanier via exits 15 (Bald Ridge Marina Road) and 16 (Pilgrim Mill Road).
North of SR 400's intersection with Jot Em Down Road, SR 400 continues into Dawson County, where it travels through Dawsonville.
After traveling in the county, SR 400 and US 19 meet SR 115 from the north and SR 60 from the east.
SR 400 ends at this point, and US 19 turns left and continues north through downtown Dahlonega into the Appalachian Mountains and the Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest.
All of SR 400 south of the Dawson–Lumpkin county line is included as part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.
Exits on the controlled-access part of SR 400 are numbered according to the consecutive numbering system instead of reference post (i.e.
At the southern terminus, new ramps connecting SR 400 south to I-85 north and I-85 south to SR 400 north opened on April 2, 2014.
On I-85 south, drivers had to take the Cheshire Bride Road/Lenox Road exit to get to Sidney Marcus Boulevard for access onto SR 400 north.
In Forsyth County in 2017-2018, SR 400 was expanded from two lanes to three from McFarland Parkway to SR 369 (which is planned to be exit 18).
The initial section north of I-285 was officially dedicated on May 24, 1971 and subsequent additions to the north opened in stages through 1981.
The road was subsequently widened in 1989 from its original four-lane configuration to eight lanes between I-285 and Holcomb Bridge Road.
The widening projects were brought on by the massive growth that the freeway brought to northern Fulton and southern Forsyth counties.
In December 2005, the Georgia Department of Transportation began widening the section from Holcomb Bridge Road to Windward Parkway from three to four lanes in the northbound direction and from two to four lanes from Windward Parkway to McFarland Parkway.
Unlike the tollway section, no space was left for future extension of MARTA rail lines, despite there being no other adjacent rail corridor as most of the region's other areas have, and the fact that north Fulton is the only large densely populated area within MARTA's district remaining without rail service.
However, there is ample land on either side of the freeway left undeveloped as a buffer zone that can be used for rapid transit in the future, as proposed by MARTA's Connect400 initiative.
In 2010, a half-diamond interchange (exit 4C) was added on the north side of Hammond Drive, allowing southbound exits and northbound entrances.
However, residents in intown Atlanta neighborhoods did not want the highway to cut through and partially destroy their neighborhoods (as had occurred in Sweet Auburn and other neighborhoods), and a freeway revolt ensued, ending when then-Governor Jimmy Carter signed a new city charter and the USDOT rejected the highway studies in 1973, and George Busbee had the plan officially terminated when he became governor in 1975.
The point where this road would have had its interchange with the also-doomed I-485 (now Freedom Parkway and SR  10 to Stone Mountain Freeway) is now the site of the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum.
A later routing of I-485 would have had that number running from the Downtown Connector east to the current library, then north on what is now SR 400.
The northern portion of the inside-the-Perimeter route remained alive following the freeway revolts, and after lawsuits by residents that spent several years in court, GDOT was able to force the extension through Buckhead.
Dozens of homes were taken through eminent domain or the threat of it, and the highway was built through the middle of formerly-secluded and forested neighborhoods.
During planning stages of the highway in 1984, the Robinson-Humphrey Bank Company proposed a massive expansion of its office building in Buckhead, now known as the Atlanta Financial Center, which was to be built directly in the proposed routing of the highway.
This allowed the new tower to be constructed with special concrete supports allowing for the highway and eventual MARTA Red Line to run underneath; the deal also covered Robinson-Humphrey's $1 million donation of the right-of-way to the Georgia DOT.
Construction of the massive tunnel underneath the office complex and its parking garage was underway in 1990; the tunnel was sealed off with concrete to protect the building from noise and vibration.
Existing exits were renumbered up by four to accommodate the extension, which had a single toll plaza in the middle of its length when opened.
Contrary to public belief, the bonds that funded the construction of the tollway south of I-285 were not paid off until 2011.
In addition, the North Line (now Red Line) for Atlanta's MARTA train system was constructed in the median from the Glenridge Connector to south of Lenox Road, and was opened on June 8, 1996, extending the line from Lenox Square mall north to Perimeter Mall, and connecting the Perimeter Center area to the rail system.
When SR 400 was a toll road, the toll plaza, operated by the State Road and Tollway Authority (SR TA), collected 50¢ tolls in both the northbound and southbound directions.
About 37% of transactions were paid via Peach Pass, the same technology also used by SunPass in Florida, Quick Pass in North Carolina, TxTag in Texas, and PikePass in Oklahoma.
Peach Pass can be used interchangeably with the Florida and North Carolina systems and passes, but not with TxTag and PikePass, due to a lack of reciprocal billing arrangements with those non-adjacent states.
SR 400 was the only active toll road in Georgia, after the Torras Causeway toll between Brunswick and St. Simons Island on the southeastern Georgia coast was removed in 2003, until the high occupancy toll express lanes opened on I-85 in 2011.
However, Sonny Perdue and members of the State Road and Tollway Authority (SRTA) voted on September 24, 2010 to keep the tolls on until 2020.
In March 2009, local TV news reports brought up an issue regarding tolls on the road, since SR TA reported that enough money has been collected to pay the bonds used to construct the road (though prepayment prior to 2011 was prohibited).
The road costs $2 million per year just to maintain (plus occasional repaving), and it cost several million more for the demolition of the toll plaza.
Without the revenue from it, the state must raise money through taxes for new road projects, such as the reconstruction of the interchange at I-285, expected to cost $2 billion.
On July 19, 2012, Governor Nathan Deal announced that despite this, the toll barrier would be removed by the end of 2013.
Originally scheduled for the end of November, it was advanced to the weekend before the heavy travel of the Thanksgiving holiday.
Direct access from SR 400 southbound to I-85 northbound (and the reverse direction) opened in April 2014, ending the need to take the indirect route via Sidney Marcus Boulevard.
In June 2015, a ceremony was held to name the flyover bridges for Captain Herb Emory, a beloved local traffic reporter for WSB AM and WSB-TV (as well as other co-owned stations) who had also died in April 2014.
Tolling was discontinued on November 22, 2013 at 11:08 am; the last toll was collected by Governor Nathan Deal and was paid by the same couple that paid the first toll in 1993.
In July 2012, two weeks before voters of Georgia voted on the Transportation Referendum act, Governor Deal said that the toll on SR  400 would be abandoned in November 2013, meaning that, at the beginning of 2014, SR  400 would be a toll-free road.
In 2012, a feasibility study was initiated by the Georgia Department of Transportation to explore the possibility of adding tolled express lanes.
Fees would be similar to the existing I-85 lanes, and will be paid using Peach Pass, making the express lanes compatible with the existing express lanes on I-85 (as well as the former toll plaza in Buckhead if it had remained in operation).
Funding for a project to create new interchange on SR 400 at SR 369/Browns Bridge Rd comes from the Forsyth County Transportation Bond, approved by voters in 2014, along with GDOT funding.
Preliminary plans show that a partial cloverleaf interchange will be built, with ramps from both directions of SR 400 meeting SR 369 at traffic lights; the northbound SR 400 ramp will also meet at the entrance of Browns Bridge Church.
Also as a part of this project, SR 369 will be widened from its intersection with SR 9, through the interchange at SR 400, to its intersection at SR 306.
Forsyth County has acquired four properties as part of right-of-way acquisition and is expected to go out for bid in the fall of 2019; a bid is expected to be awarded in early 2020.
A traffic study in 2007 explored the possibility of a new interchange on SR 400 at McGinnis Ferry Road; this Interchange Feasibility Report was approved by GDOT in 2010 and Forsyth County in 2012.
Construction started in 2018, and is expected to be completed in December 2020, of a diamond interchange, located between the Windward Pkwy exit (exit 11) and McFarland Pkwy exit (exit 12).
As a part of the project, one lane each way will be added on SR 400 between the Windward Pkwy exit and the McFarland Pkwy exit, and SR 400 S will have an additional lane added between McFarland Pkwy and McGinnis Ferry Rd.
GDOT, working with North Perimeter Contractors, began construction in February 2017 at the SR 400/I-285 interchange to add collector-distributor lanes and flyover ramps to ease congestion at the interchange.
The project is expected to cost $800 million and is estimated to save drivers on SR 400 and I-285 a combined 20,000 of driving time each day.
GDOT is currently conducting environmental studies to study the impact of new express toll lanes each way on SR 400, starting at the North Springs MARTA station and traveling 16 miles along SR 400 to the McFarland Pkwy exit (exit 12).
The express lanes, for which drivers will need a Peach Pass to travel on, will be two buffer-separated lanes each way from the North Springs MARTA station to McGinnis Ferry Rd and one buffer-separated lane each way from McGinnis Ferry Rd to McFarland Pkwy.
The express lanes will use 'dynamic pricing,' so drivers will pay higher prices during rush hour; but, transit buses and registered vanpools will not have to pay additional fees to use these lanes.
In addition, a bus rapid transit system, Georgia's first, will run along the express lanes; the system will possibly include bus access to stops at or near the North Spring MARTA station, Holcomb Bridge Rd, North Point Mall, Old Milton Pkwy, and an existing MARTA park and ride at Windward Pkwy.
The local SR 400 lanes and the express lanes are expected to have direct merges around Northridge Rd (exit 4), Haynes Bridge Rd (exit 9) and at its terminus at McFarland Pkwy; expected direct access ramps will be located at the North Springs MARTA station, Holcomb Bridge Rd (exit 7), Webb Bridge Road, and Union Hill Rd.
GDOT will start construction between 2021 and 2022 and complete construction between 2024 and 2027, at a cost of $1.8 billion.
As a part of the project, GDOT has said that they might be acquiring around 50 homes near the North Springs MARTA station, as well as small pieces of land along SR 400 north of Sandy Springs.
GDOT is also working on environmental studies for express lanes along the top end of I-285, from Paces Ferry Rd to Henderson Rd, with construction slated to start in 2023 and finish in 2029.
Once this project is complete, GDOT will add express lanes along SR 400 from the North Springs MARTA station south to meet with the I-285 express lanes once they are completed.
In addition, other film scenes were shot along SR 400 between McFarland Pkwy in Alpharetta (Exit 12) and SR 20/Buford Hwy in Cumming (Exit 14).
The only court that may reverse or modify a decision of the Oregon Supreme Court is the Supreme Court of the United States.
The building was finished in 1914 and also houses the state's law library, while the courtroom is also used by the Oregon Court of Appeals.
Tracing its heritage to 1841 when Oregon pioneers selected a Supreme Judge with probate powers, the court has grown from a single judge to its current make up of seven justices.
Justices of the court serve six-year terms upon election, however vacancies are filled by appointments of the Governor of Oregon until the next general election when any qualified candidate may run for the position, including the appointee.
The court's Chief Justice is not only responsible for assigning cases to the other justices to write the court's opinions, but is also the chief executive of the Oregon Judicial Department.
Although most oral arguments before the court are held in the Oregon Supreme Court Building, the court does travel around the state holding sessions in various schools.
It receives appeals from the Oregon Tax Court, the Oregon Court of Appeals, and some select cases such as death penalty appeals.
The Territorial Supreme Court was created in 1848 when the Oregon Territory was formed out of the old Oregon Country region, followed by the creation of the State Supreme Court in 1859 when Oregon was admitted to the Union on February 14.
Justices, like other Oregon state court judges, must be United States citizens, Oregon residents for at least three years, and lawyers admitted to practice in the state of Oregon.
When a state court judge retires, resigns, or dies before completing a term, the Governor may appoint another qualified person to the position.
To retain that position, the appointed person must run for election for a full six-year term at the next general election.
On occasion, a judge will leave office at the end of a term, in which case a general election determines their replacement.
If the Supreme Court needs an additional judge on a temporary basis due to illness, an unfilled position, or a justice is disqualified from sitting on a case due to a conflict of interest, the court can appoint a senior judge to serve as a judge pro tempore.
Senior judges are all former, qualified judges (a minimum of 12 years on the bench) that have retired from a state court.
Only former Supreme Court justices, elected Oregon circuit court judges, or elected Oregon Court of Appeals judges can be assigned to temporary service on the Supreme Court.
They can also appoint senior judges to serve on any state court at or below the highest level of court that judge had served on before retirement or resignation.
The state supreme court is responsible for admitting new lawyers to practice in Oregon, disciplining attorneys, and appointing members to the Board of Bar Examiners.
This board of a minimum of fourteen members is responsible for administering the bar exam and screening prospective lawyers before admitting applicants to practice law in Oregon.
The Commission on Judicial Fitness and Disability investigates all reports of abuses and makes recommendations to the Supreme Court on any actions that may need to occur.
Under a law enacted in 1981 the chief is not only the titular head of the Supreme Court, but also is the chief executive officer of the Oregon Judicial Department.
In that role the Chief Justice supervises all of the Oregon courts, appoints the Chief Judge of the Oregon Court of Appeals, assigns presiding judges for the trial level state courts, makes court rules, and is in charge of the department's budget.
As administrator the chief is also the recipient of many reports from the court system including non-legal employees of the department.
The first Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court was William P. Bryant, while the longest serving chief was Wallace P. Carson, Jr. who held the position for 15 years.
Joseph G. Wilson started in 1853 as the clerk for the court and was responsible for the Oregon Reports until 1870, though he also served as a justice of the court from 1862 to 1870.
A. Stratton, and W. H. Holmes, until 1889 when a law was passed that included a provision that the Chief Justice take over this responsibility.
This arrangement only lasted a few years, as in 1891 a new law allowed the court to hire an official reporter, with later Chief Justice George H. Burnett serving as the first official reporter.
In the case, Justice George Henry Williams wrote the opinion, Justice Thomas Nelson had served as the judge at the trial level due to circuit riding, while future justice Reuben P. Boise served as counsel for the defense, and fellow future justice Aaron E. Waite provided counsel for the plaintiff.
With those cases that are denied an appeal to the Supreme Court, the decision of the lower court becomes final and binding.
That is the court is not divided into panels, and instead all justices participate in all the cases, unless a justice recuses themselves due to a conflict of interest or other concern.
Direct review means that the Supreme Court hears cases directly upon appeal without the case first going to the Court of Appeals.
Other direct review items include state agency decisions such as the placement of prisons, placement of energy production facilities, locations of sites for solid waste disposal, and some labor law injunctions.
Additionally, the court has original jurisdiction in, writs of mandamus, writs quo warranto, writs of habeas corpus, reapportionment of state legislative districts, and challenges to ballot measures such as their titles, the fiscal impact statement, and the explanatory statement as listed in the Voter's Pamphlet.
That is, the state courts can hear all cases regardless of whether the dispute is based on state law, federal law, or a combination of both, with a few exceptions.
Although the U.S. Supreme Court is the only court that can overturn decisions of the Oregon court, Oregon Supreme Court decisions as to federal law are only binding on other Oregon state level courts.
Federal courts are not required to follow the decisions of the Oregon Supreme Court for decisions based on federal law, regardless as to if the federal court is located within the state.
However, federal courts are bound to follow Oregon law and decisions of the Oregon Supreme Court for cases that involve disputes based on Oregon law, even when those federal courts are not based in Oregon, per the Erie Doctrine developed by the U.S. Supreme Court.
For this reason federal courts, and courts from other states, can certify questions about Oregon law to the Oregon Supreme Court in order to clarify what the law in Oregon is in regards to the specific fact pattern that the federal court has before it in their case (see ORS 28.200 to 28.255 and ORAP 12.20).
Although only the United States Supreme Court can overturn the decisions of the Oregon Supreme Court, they cannot overturn decisions exclusively based on the Oregon law, though other mechanisms exist that effectively overturn decisions of the Oregon Supreme Court.
The U.S. Supreme Court can only accept cases from the Oregon Supreme Court if the decision involves issues of federal law and interpretation of federal law might change the outcome of the case.
The Oregon Supreme Court is the final authority on Oregon law, and absent extraordinary circumstances the U.S. Supreme Court cannot overrule its interpretation of Oregon law (see adequate and independent state ground).
Although only the U.S. Supreme Court can reverse or overturn decisions of the Oregon Supreme Court, decisions of the court can be effectively overturned by changing the law.
Thus later outcomes of the court can be affected by legislation passed by the Oregon Legislative Assembly or through the initiative and referendum process.
Also, in most criminal decisions Oregon's Governor or the President of the United States may issue a pardon (some crimes require the Oregon Legislature to concur).
Following the journey of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805, the region known as Oregon Country experienced increased activity and exploration by Europeans and Americans.
Beginning with the fur trade, settlement by Euro-Americans began as early as 1811 with the founding of Fort Astoria and slowly increased until the 1830s.
In 1835, the first trial in the region was held with John Kirk Townsend presiding as magistrate over a murder charge.
Pioneer settlers continued to immigrate to the region, with larger wagon trains crossing the Oregon Trail in the 1840s bringing more immigrants and a need for courts.
In 1841, pioneer Ewing Young died without an heir or will in the unorganized lands of what are now the states of Idaho, Washington, and Oregon.
In February of that year, settlers met at Champoeg to discuss the creation of a government, including a judiciary to deal with the execution of Young's estate.
Although the overall government plans fell through, the group of pioneers and mountain men did elect a Supreme Judge to exercise probate powers.
In 1843, a later set of meetings at Champoeg created the Provisional Government of Oregon with a judiciary consisting of a Supreme Judge and two justices of the peace for trial level courts.
Until 1846 with the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute, the region was not under the jurisdiction of any foreign power.
With the resolution of the boundary issue, Britain retained the territory north of the 49th degree of latitude, with the United States taking the land south to the border of Mexican control California.
In 1848, when the Oregon Territory was created by the United States Congress, William P. Bryant was appointed as the first judge of the Oregon Supreme Court.
Riding circuit involved acting as appeals court judges around the state in addition to the supreme court functions of ultimate appeal, a common practice in early American courts.
The constitution created by the Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 called for these justices to serve as both circuit court judges and supreme court justices.
Each justice was assigned one district, and then all justices would gather at set intervals to confer on appeals, which would occur at least once per year and were authorized to meet more frequently if needed.
With the creation of a separate Circuit Court and Supreme Court, riding circuit was abandoned and the Supreme Court was reduced to three members, with members of each court elected separately.
Governor Thayer then appointed James K. Kelly, Reuben P. Boise, and Paine Page Prim to the court as temporary justices until elections could be held.
During these early years of the court the selection of the Chief Justice was governed by the Oregon Constitution, with the senior justice or the justice with their term was next to expire was designated as the Chief Justice.
This meant that a new chief would be selected at least every two years, and in general meant someone elected would serve their first four years on the bench as an associate justice and the last two years as the Chief Justice.
Mary Leonard became the first woman admitted to the state bar on April 13, 1886, when the court admitted her after a year-long battle that included the state legislature passing a new law to allow women to be admitted.
Then in 1910, the state legislature expanded the court back to five justices, and lastly, in 1913 the court expanded to the current seven justices.
315, 51 P.2d 674 (1935) that the 14th Amendment did not protect Communist Party organizers from prosecution under Oregon's criminal syndicate law.
In that case the court ruled that state estate laws trumped a federal statute concerning the property of U.S. Veterans who died at Veterans Administration hospitals without a valid will.
On the administrative end of the court, the Oregon Court of Appeals was created in 1969 as an intermediate appellate court in Oregon.
With this change, the Supreme Court now generally does not hear appeals directly from the trial level courts of the state, with some exceptions such as death penalty cases.
Other changes came in 1981 when the Oregon Legislature and justice Arno Denecke reformed the chief justice position from a simple head of the court in title only, to the administrative head of the entire Oregon judicial system.
The following year, 1982, the court received its first female member when Governor Vic Atiyeh appointed Betty Roberts as an associate justice.
Then from 1991 to 2005 Wallace P. Carson, Jr. served as chief justice of the court for a record 14 years.
In that land use case the Oregon court found the requirements placed on the business owner as conditions to approve an expansion were not a taking under the United States Constitution's takings clause.
117, 130 P.3d 308 (2006) allowed people to make claims against the government forcing the government to either pay compensation when land use regulations reduced the value of a property owners land or waive the regulation.
The first public building to house the court was the Territorial Capitol Building in Salem that was built between 1854 and 1855.
A separate building was built by the state in 1914 to house the Supreme Court, and this is now the oldest building on the Capitol Mall after the second capitol building burned down on April 25, 1935.
In addition to holding court in the Supreme Court Building's third floor courtroom, the court also travels around the state to hold sessions.
These three law schools, Willamette University College of Law, University of Oregon Law School, and Lewis & Clark Law School, use the visits as educational tools.
All of the seven current justices first joined the court as appointees of the Governor of Oregon to fill mid-term vacancies.
Over the course of its history the Oregon Supreme Court has made a number decisions as the highest court in Oregon.
These cases cover a wide range of topics from the constitutionality of various ballot measures to contract law to torts and even to the location of the capital when Oregon was still a territory.
Although small in comparison to the total number of cases the court has decided, some cases have been appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
Below are some of the cases that have had scholarly discussion, some of which were later decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.
The ship had a long career in the RFA, entering service in the early 1960s, and finally being decommissioned in 1991.
She eventually sailed from Portsmouth in tow on 20 March 1992 for the breakers, arriving in Alang, India for demolition on 2 July 1992.
She was built in 1977 in Poland, at the Gdańsk Shipyard, as a conventional container ship with roll-on/roll-off capability for loading vehicles and containers for the Harrison Line.
She was taken up from the trade in 1982 for service in the Falklands War as an aircraft transport, being fitted with a temporary mid-ships flight deck and hangar forward to carry 13 helicopters.
Her first operational sortie was to the coast of Lebanon in support of the Multinational Force in Lebanon and the British Army units based in Beirut, eventually evacuating the same in February 1984.
She was named after the Engadin valley in south-east Switzerland, which is represented by the alphorns and edelweiss on her badge.
In 1968 she was designated as one of the PYTHON locations for the dispersal and continuity of government in the event of nuclear war.
The most notable events in those 25 years were the 1976 crisis in Lebanon, where she was deployed as part of contingency planning to evacuate British citizens, the Silver Jubilee fleet review in 1977 when she followed and the Falklands War in which she was a helicopter support and refuelling ship in San Carlos Water.
Landvarnarflokkurinn was an Icelandic political movement which operated from 1902 to 1912, founded because of discontentedness with a clause in the Icelandic constitution that stated that the Icelandic minister should bring up cases in the Danish Council of State.
The clause was in the constitution from 1903 to 1915, at which point the Danish king ordered that it should be removed.
The founders of Landvarnarflokkurinn, who included Einar Benediktsson, Bjarni Jónsson and Jón Jensson, were the most radical fighters for Iceland's independence of that time.
She was procured to fill the gap caused by loss and damage to Round Table class landing ships during the Falklands War.
In 2010, it was sunk in an exercise by the U.S. Carrier Strike Group Two off the coast of North Carolina.
In 1973 she brought the expedition members of the Joint Services Egmont Islands Expedition (JSEI) from the Egmont Atoll back to Gan, Addu Atoll after their mission was over.
Supplies and fuel are transferred to other ships using lines and hoses suspended above the water to another ship as the ships move forward at the same speed and sometimes less than 50 feet apart.
Built by Henry Robb of Leith for the British-India Steam Navigation Company (later P & O) and operated by the RFA on a long-term bareboat charter.
She was operated under the management of the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company until 1961, when management passed to the British-India Steam Navigation Company.
Game Informer (GI) is an American monthly video game magazine featuring articles, news, strategy, and reviews of video games and associated consoles.
The publication is owned and published by GameStop Corp., the parent company of the video game retailer of the same name, who bought FuncoLand in 2000.
Due to this, a large amount of promotion is done in-store, which has contributed to the success of the magazine; it is now the 4th most popular magazine by copies circulated.
Many new features were introduced, including a rebuilt media player, a feed highlighting the site activity of the website's users, and the ability to create user reviews.
They do not have rankings, but they do commemorate special games with awards like Game of the Year and other examples.
They also have mini top 10 charts of differing categories, both in the Top 50 games section of the website and in the regular magazine.
Older games, three per issue, were given brief reviews in the magazine's Classic GI section (compared with the game's original review score, if one exists).
William James Collins, known as Billy Collins, (born March 22, 1941) is an American poet, appointed as Poet Laureate of the United States from 2001 to 2003.
In 2016, Collins retired from his position as a Distinguished Professor at Lehman College of the City University of New York after teaching there almost 50 years.
Collins was considered as a Literary Lion of the New York Public Library (1992) and selected as the New York State Poet for 2004 through 2006.
Billy Collins was born in New York City to William and Katherine Collins and grew up in Queens and White Plains, New York.
She had the ability to recite verses on almost any subject, which she often did, cultivating in her young son a love of words.
There he came under the influence of contemporary poets like Karl Shapiro, Howard Nemerov and Reed Whittemore, and during his adolescence he was influenced by Beat Generation poets as well.
Collins has taught and served as a visiting writer at Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York as well as teaching workshops across the U.S. and in Ireland.
Collins, as one of the Favorite 100 TED speakers of all time, gave a second TED talk at TED 2014 in Vancouver, Canada.
He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the New York Foundation for the Arts and in 1993, from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation.
In 1893, the Parliament of the Worlds Religions held, in conjunction with the World Colombian Exposition, a conference held in Chicago that is believed to be the first interfaith gathering of notable significance.
She was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2003, after serving as a Special Bicentennial Consultant three years prior in 2000.
Due to anorexia, Glück left George W. Hewlett High School, in Hewlett, New York, before graduating and began psychoanalysis, which, she said, taught her how to think.
She studied writing with Leonie Adams and then with Stanley Kunitz, who was a significant mentor in her development as a poet.
Glück currently teaches at Yale University, where she is the Rosencranz Writer in Residence, and in the Creative Writing Program of Boston University.
She has also been a member of the faculty of the University of Iowa and taught at Goddard College in Vermont.
In 2001, Yale University awarded her its Bollingen Prize in Poetry, given biennially for a poet's lifetime achievement in his or her art.
Her other honors include the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry, the Sara Teasdale Memorial Prize (Wellesley, 1986), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Anniversary Medal (2000), and fellowships from the Guggenheim and Rockefeller foundations and from the National Endowment for the Arts.
She is a member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, and in 1999 was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.
In 2003, she was named as a judge for the Yale Series of Younger Poets and served in that position through 2010.
Northumbria, a kingdom of Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland, was initially divided into two kingdoms: Bernicia and Deira.
The two were first united by Aethelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so.
The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King Edwin in battle and the ruinous invasion of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd.
In 651, King Oswiu had Oswine of Deira killed and replaced by Aethelwald, but Aethelwald did not prove to be a loyal sub-king, allying with the Mercian king Penda; according to Bede, Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during the latter's invasion of Northumbria but withdrew his forces when the Mercians met the Northumbrians at the Battle of Winwaed.
In 670, Aelfwine, the brother of the childless King Ecgfrith, was made king of Deira; by this point the title may have been used primarily to designate an heir.
Aelfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of Norse rule.
The kings of Northumbria in the Norse era variously controlled Jórvík, the former Deira, from its capital York or the northern part of the kingdom, the former Bernicia, from Bamburgh.
Some of the rulers controlled all or most of Northumbria although there is some doubt over the details as he history of Northumbria in the ninth and tenth centuries is poorly recorded.
As with others of the class the ship had a short career and was stationed at Gibraltar for much of that time as a petrol carrier, spending three years at the colony in total.
Built by the Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Dundee, the ship was launched on 28 May 1953, and entered service on 23 October 1953.
Matthew J. Szulik - past chairman of Red Hat, leader of some other technology companies, such as Interleaf and MapInfo for more than 20 years.
Szulik had also held the titles of chief executive officer and president of Red Hat, and after over nine years, resigned from these positions on December 20, 2007, citing personal reasons.
Two oil fired boilers fed a triple-expansion steam engine rated at and drove a single propeller shaft, giving a speed of .
This is a list of destroyer classes of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, organised chronologically by entry into service.
In 1913, the surviving members of the large heterogeneous array of older 27-knot and 30-knot torpedo boat destroyer types (all six of the original 26-knot ships had been disposed of by the end of 1912) were organised into the A, B, C and D classes according to their design speed and the number of funnels they possessed.
She was formerly the commercial general cargo vessel Somersby which was purchased in 1956 and renamed on completion of her conversion in 1958.
She arrived at Rosyth on 8 August 1945 and the following month went to Hebburn-on-Tyne for survey and repairs and conversion for service with the British Pacific Fleet, but the war ended and she was placed in reserve instead.
She was renamed Northmark in January 1946 and was considered as a Royal Fleet Auxiliary-manned oiler, but the cost of modifications was considered to be unjustifiable and a follow-up proposal was taken up after approval was given to operate her as a naval ship.
Purchased by the Admiralty and chartered out to British India until 1957 when she was converted to an armament store issuing ship and entered RFA service.
Small, rocky, Resurgent Island, which had emerged after the naming of the Three Brothers in the 18th century, was named after the RFA Resurgent which supported the scuba diving scientific research expedition to the area.
He has been Astronomer Royal since 1995 and was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 2004 to 2012 and President of the Royal Society between 2005 and 2010.
After a peripatetic life during the war his parents, both teachers, settled with Rees, an only child, in a rural part of Shropshire near the border with Wales.
Rees's post-graduate work in astrophysics in the mid-1960s coincided with an explosion of new discoveries, with breakthroughs ranging from confirmation of the big bang, the discovery of neutron stars and black holes, and a host of other revelations.
After holding postdoctoral research positions in the United Kingdom and the United States, he taught at Sussex University and the University of Cambridge, where he was the Plumian Professor until 1991, and the director of the Institute of Astronomy.
He was Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College, London, in 1975 and became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1979.
He is a fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge, and an Honorary Fellow of King's College, Clare Hall, and Jesus College, Cambridge.
Rees is the author of more than 500 research papers, and he has made contributions to the origin of cosmic microwave background radiation, as well as to galaxy clustering and formation.
He was one of the first to propose that enormous black holes power quasars, and that superluminal astronomical observations can be explained as an optical illusion caused by an object moving partly in the direction of the observer.
Rees is an author of books on astronomy and science intended for the lay public and gives many public lectures and broadcasts.
Aside from expanding his scientific interests, Rees has written and spoken extensively about the problems and challenges of the 21st century, and the interfaces between science, ethics, and politics.
He is a member of the Board of the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, the Oxford Martin School, and the Gates Cambridge Trust.
He co-founded the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for the Future of Life Institute.
He has formerly been a Trustee of the British Museum, the Science Museum and the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR).
In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund coordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by the year 2025.
He has been President of the Royal Astronomical Society (1992–94) and the British Association (1995–96), and was a Member of Council of the Royal Institution of Great Britain until 2010.
Rees has received honorary degrees from a number of universities including Hull, Sussex, Uppsala, Toronto, Durham, Oxford, Yale, Melbourne and Sydney.
He belongs to several foreign academies, including the US National Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Science Academy of Turkey and the Japan Academy.
He became President of the Royal Society on 1 December 2005 and continued until the end of the Society's 350th Anniversary Celebrations in 2010.
In 2005, Rees was elevated to a life peerage, sitting as a crossbencher in the House of Lords as Baron Rees of Ludlow, of Ludlow in the County of Shropshire.
No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1967.
The half crown was demonetised (ahead of other pre-decimal coins) on 1 January 1970, the year before the United Kingdom adopted decimal currency on Decimal Day.
During the English Interregnum of 1649–1660, a republican half crown was issued, bearing the arms of the Commonwealth of England, despite monarchist associations of the coin's name.
From 1816, in the reign of George III, half crown coins had a diameter of 32 mm and a weight of 14.14 grams (defined as  troy ounce), dimensions which remained the same for the half crown until decimalisation in 1971.
Schizopolis (also known as Steven Soderbergh's Schizopolis) is a 1996 experimental comedy film with a non-linear narrative directed by Steven Soderbergh.
Although the film does not have a linear plot, a skeletal structure exists, telling the same story from three different perspectives divided into three acts.
As he progresses through his day the audience sees the lack of attention he is paying to the people around him, degrading to the point where he comes home for dinner and he and his wife illustrate their lack of communication by simply describing what they are saying.
When Fletcher's co-worker Lester Richards (a reference to Soderbergh's idol and mentor, filmmaker Richard Lester) unexpectedly dies while getting pictures developed at the drugstore, Fletcher must take his job as speechwriter for Schwitters.
His personal life suffers because of his work, and he becomes even more detached from his wife, who is trying to cope by having an affair.
Meanwhile, Elmo Oxygen, a local exterminator, spends much of his time going from house to house, bedding the bored housewives of the men in the community who work for Schwitters (including Richards' widow).
Finding that his key will not work in his car door, he looks around and finds that his actual car (parked only two spots away) is an exact match for the one he is trying to get into.
He goes to enter his own car when he sees a man who is his exact double climb into the car he himself just tried to enter.
Although the second act begins as a direct transition from the first, its events actually unfold simultaneously with the previous act.
He is always in a jogging suit, although he only jogs from his car to the door of wherever he is going.
The next day, Korchek has breakfast with his heroin-addicted brother, who first asks to stay with Korchek, and then to borrow money.
Korchek goes into the office and finds a registered letter from a law firm representing Attractive Woman Number 2, who is filing a sexual harassment suit against Dr. Korchek.
During this act, the couple following Elmo in the SUV approaches him to give up playing his role in the film (thus breaking the fourth wall) in order to become a star in his own action show.
Contrary to the experience of the other characters, Elmo's storyline seems to move forward in time continuously, without rewinding/repeating between acts.
We move through the storyline again and see her experience with Fletcher's growing disaffection, Dr. Korchek's affection, and the day-to-day routine of being a mom.
The action follows roughly the same events, except that Fletcher and his doppelganger speak Japanese, Italian or French, with the cultural stereotype of each nationality reflecting Mrs Munson's perception of the men.
The day of the speech, Schwitters mounts the podium and prepares to give the oration which is, by all accounts, quite good.
The police recoil and shield their eyes, implying that Lester Richards may have died the same way at beginning of the film after seeing photos of Elmo at the drugstore.
First, Munson is seen in a shopping mall narrating the events of the rest of his life — his wife will leave him in five years; in eight years, he will drunkenly collapse and fall asleep in a snowbank after a wedding reception in Alaska and be discovered and successfully thawed the following spring.
A man clad only in a black T-shirt appears at the beginning and conclusion of the film, shown to be chased by men in white coats over a green field.
David Jensen played Elmo Oxygen as well as being the casting director and key grip) and many friends and relatives were hired in various capacities.
In the DVD commentary, the filmmakers point out that the reports never have anything to do with the story, and are generally satirical in nature.
The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival as a film surprise on May 18, 1996, where it was poorly received.
The film found an appreciative small audience and was included in the Criterion Collection, a specialist DVD distributor, which includes two audio commentaries, one of which consists of Soderbergh interviewing himself for the duration of the film.
In 1945, she served in the Far East with the British Pacific Fleet, designated Task Force 57 upon joining the United States fleet.
She was extensively modified in the early 1960s and escorted Sir Alec Rose around Cape Horn, South America in April 1968.
She was decommissioned and laid up at Rosyth, Fife, in August 1974, and arrived at Inverkeithing, Fife, for scrapping on 13 November 1974.
The squadron, under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir Fitzroy Talbot, visited ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
Though the exact contents of Chic Young's illustrated Dagwood sandwich remain obscure, it appears to contain large quantities and varieties of cold cuts, sliced cheese and vegetables separated by additional slices of bread.
She was laid up at Devonport on 30 April 1960, and arrived at Bilbao to be scrapped on 25 December 1969.
In October 1946, her steering gear failed on a voyage from Sunderland to the Tyne and she was towed into port.
Assistance was requested as the ship suffered heavy damage, which had to be repaired before her cargo was able to be discharged at Old Kilpatrick.
From 16–29 September 1960, she was deployed off Iceland in support of the Royal Navy, which was caught up in the Cod Wars.
She departed from Devonport under tow on 26 January 1970, bound for Gibraltar, from where she departed on 25 February under tow for Gandia, Spain.
During 1961-1962 she was modified extensively, laid up at Devonport in August 1965 and arrived in Burriana, Spain for scrapping on 16 December 1971.
WIN commenced transmissions on 18 March 1962 as a single Wollongong-only station, and has since expanded to 24 owned-and-operated stations with transmissions covering a larger geographical area of Australia than any other television network except for ABC Australia which broadcasts to 44 countries, making it the largest privately owned television network in the world.
Five years later, it was awarded a licence by the Postmaster-General's Department broadcast to the Illawarra and South Coast regions, over a number of other groups aligned to Sydney-based stations ATN-7 and TCN-9.
Soon after, a plot of land was purchased at Fort Drummond, approximately two kilometres south of the Wollongong central business district, for the station's television studios.
Prior to the opening night's transmissions, WIN-4 undertook a television conversion program, aimed at encouraging residents to acquire new tuning equipment and converting television sets in the area to receive the station's allocated frequency.
TCN-9 and ATN-7 refused to sell programming to the station, leading to an unstable financial situation which, at its peak left the station with only 42 hours' programming.
In April 1963, Media Securities, owned by Rupert Murdoch, acquired a controlling interest in the station (his second television station after NWS-9 Adelaide) and soon appointed a new general manager, Bill Lean.
Both TCN-9 and ATN-7 began purchasing several hours of first-run American television programming from WIN-4, following contractual arrangements signed by Murdoch.
Local programming and the station's near-monopoly in the area meant that by 1973, viewership had increased to occupy 63 percent of the audience.
Murdoch sold the station in 1979 to the head of Paramount Pictures' international distribution arm, Bruce Gordon, to purchase controlling interests in capital city stations TEN-10 Sydney and ATV-0 (now ATV-10) Melbourne.
Close links between WIN Television and the Nine Network, ensured it the Nine Network affiliation for southern New South Wales when aggregation took place in 1989 thus the logo of the station changed to that of its partner network with the matching nine dots and similar ident packages.
The changes meant that WIN expanded into the rest of southern New South Wales, launching new stations in Canberra, Orange, Bathurst, Dubbo and Wagga Wagga, amongst others in 1989, and at the same time acquiring new facilities in Orange, Wagga and Canberra.
In 1990 WIN purchased Queensland station Star TV, with stations in Rockhampton (RTQ) and the Darling Downs (DDQ and SDQ), shortly before regional Queensland was to be aggregated.
The new station was set to become a Network Ten affiliate, however WIN's links with the Nine Network caused the Nine affiliation to move from QTV, which itself became affiliated to Ten, all within days before statewide broadcasts commenced.
ENT Limited, a Launceston-based company that owned a number of television and radio stations in regional Victoria and Tasmania, was bought in 1994.
The network further expanded to Griffith in 1998, when WIN purchased MTN-9 Griffith and its supplementary station AMN-31 from its local owners.
Although station had previously been part of the Prime Television network, MTN already had links with WIN and took its feed from the network's Wollongong base.
The second ratings survey of 2006 placed WIN Television with a 34.7% commercial audience share in prime time, compared to the Golden West Network with 65.3%.
These included TDT, launched in late 2003 in partnership with Southern Cross Broadcasting, and MDT in January 2006, with Prime Television Limited.
Similarly, STW Perth, owned by Sunraysia Television and affiliated to the Nine Network, was purchased on 8 June 2007 for A$163.1 million.
Despite the station's ownership of Nine Perth, the regional WIN WA service continued to broadcast Ten News Perth, produced for and shown on rival Perth station Ten Perth, until 27 August 2007.
A conflict between WIN and its long-time metropolitan partner, the Nine Network, arose in mid-2007 with PBL Media, Nine's parent company, requesting 40% of the network's advertising revenue in return for program supply.
WIN's owner, WIN Corporation rejected this offer, expecting to pay only 29% (a 3% decrease from the previous contract and in line with many of the network's competitors, such as Prime Television and Southern Cross Ten).
The network's owner, Bruce Gordon, subsequently threatened to sever the network's affiliation after negotiations stagnated, stating that his previous position at the Paramount Pictures Corporation meant he could program the network independently.
The end result was that WIN SA began to change affiliation from Nine to the Seven Network and the change was announced on 4 September 2007, for the network's eastern South Australian stations in Mount Gambier and the Riverland.
Two years later, WIN officially relaunched its Nine Network service with the new channel, now known as WIN SA, carrying NWS from Adelaide and all Nine News programs but with local advertisements inserted to serve regional viewers.
In June 2010, playout was moved from WIN's Wollongong headquarters to a new facility co-owned with ABC Television at Ingleburn in Sydney's south-west.
On 26 September 2010 WIN began transmission of the HD digital channel GEM on channel 80 in Southern NSW, Regional Victoria, Tasmania and Regional Queensland.
After Nine launched its new online catch-up video on demand and live streaming service 9Now on 27 January 2016, WIN filed a lawsuit against Nine, claiming that live streaming into regional areas breached their affiliation agreement.
Following WIN's defeat in the 9Now lawsuit, Nine announced it had signed a new $500 million affiliation deal with Network Ten's main affiliate Southern Cross Austereo.
This saw Southern Cross Austereo's stations in Southern NSW, the ACT, and regional areas in Victoria and Queensland switch to Nine affiliation on 1 July 2016.
In response, WIN entered affiliation talks with Network Ten, in which Gordon held a significant stake, reaching a final agreement on 23 May 2016.
Under the new agreement, beginning 1 July 2016, WIN would carry Ten programming into regional Queensland, Southern NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.
Deals to supply Nine programming to South Australia, and Griffith were secured on 29 June 2016, a day later Tasmania were secured as well.
A supply deal for Western Australia joint venture West Digital Television was not secured before the 1 July 2016 deadline, but a deal was later finalised on 2 July 2016 with programming resuming that night.
According to the channel changes, Ten's channel listing was reshuffled with ONE on channel 81, ELEVEN on Channel 82, TVSN on channel 84 and Gold on channel 85.
In late January 2017, it was announced that WIN and Southern Cross Austereo had commenced negotiations over the sale of SCA's Ten affiliate station NRN in Northern NSW in exchange for WIN's Wollongong radio station i98FM.
This deal would have given SCA access to the Wollongong radio market and allowed WIN to expand into the Northern NSW market for the first time, giving it coverage across all regional eastern Australian markets.
However, WIN and Southern Cross later finalised an agreement on 28 March 2017 where they would sell NRN to WIN for a total of $55 million, however i98FM had been removed from the agreement.
On the transfer date, the station adopted the WIN branding and the channel numbers were reshuffled to align with WIN's other stations, but as Nine-owned NBN Television holds the 8-numbered digital channels in northern NSW, NRN's digital channels will remain on the 5-numbered digital channels.
The new channel will reportedly be an amalgamation of content from Sky News, Fox Sports News, and WIN's own regional news programming, while Sky News will also be given access to WIN's regional news content.
It is a sole Network Ten affiliate in all broadcast areas, but also carries Seven Network and the Nine Network affiliated channels in Griffith, New South Wales and eastern South Australia.
WIN Television in Queensland also produced its own rugby league coverage in 1995, televising games which featured the fledgling North Queensland Cowboys in their maiden season after entering the ARL's Winfield Cup competition.
WIN Television's transmissions are available from both free-to-air terrestrial transmitters in major regional centres, and free-to-view satellite transmissions across regional and remote Western Australia on the Viewer Access Satellite Television service.
WIN News bulletins are carried on the VAST service to allow viewers in remote areas of Central and Eastern Australia, and terrestrial reception blackspots to obtain news local to their area.
WIN broadcasts to a geographically large portion of regional and remote Australia, through owned-and-operated stations including RTQ Queensland, NRN Northern New South Wales, WIN Southern New South Wales & ACT, VTV Victoria, TVT Tasmania, MTN Griffith, STV Mildura, MGS Mount Gambier, LRS Riverland, and WOW Western Australia.
WIN HD originally launched on 17 March 2008 as a sister to the Nine Network's rebranded high definition simulcast, Nine HD.
WIN HD broadcast in 1080i high definition and was available on WIN's regional stations RTQ Queensland, WIN Southern New South Wales, VTV Victoria and TVT Tasmania.
On 10 February 2016, WIN announced that it would launch its own HD simulcast in the coming months in response to the Nine Network relaunching 9HD.
The ship was built for service with the British Pacific Fleet against Japan, and was commissioned into the Royal Navy for that purpose.
Launched on 12 February 1944 as SS Buffalo Park a merchant steamship constructed for Canada’s Merchant Navy in 1944 during the Second World War as part of Canada's Park ship program.
Built as merchant steamship constructed for Canada’s Merchant Navy in 1944 during the Second World War as part of Canada's Park ship program.
She was completed as a refrigerated Victualling Stores Issuing Ship (VSIS) and placed under management of George Nisbet & Company of Glasgow UK.
On 31 January 1951 and 4 February 1951 she did sea trials off Isle of Portland and Plymouth UK using Dragon Fly helicopters from RNAS Gosport and RNAS Culdrose.
The last recorded scrapping was in 1985, and two ships, the former and , were listed on Lloyd's Register until 1992.
His best seasons were in 1962 and 1963, when he rode a Matchless to finish in second place in the 500cc world championship, both times to Mike Hailwood.
Shepherd was a three-time winner of the North West 200 race in Northern Ireland and finished on the podium twice at the Isle of Man TT.
Shepherd retired in 1965 after recovering from a head injury suffered in late 1964 when testing a works Honda in preparation for the 1964 Japanese Grand Prix.
He died peacefully at Summerhill Nursing Home, Kendal, Cumbria in July 2007, with a funeral service at Cartmel Priory followed by cremation at Lancaster.
The ship was launched on October 1944 as SS Montebello Park as merchant steamship constructed for Canada’s Merchant Navy in 1944 during the Second World War as part of Canada's Park ship program.
She was built by United Shipyards, Montreal and initially completed as a stores ship but converted to an armament stores issuing ship at Portsmouth 1947/8.
Bernhard Rosenkränzer is the founder and main developer of Ark Linux (later merged into OpenMandriva) and a contributor to various other free software projects such as KDE and OpenOffice.org.
He also used to work for ROSA Laboratories, a company delivering their own custom brand of Mandriva Linux for the Russian government.
In 2012, he has been involved with speeding up Linaro's Android builds by modifying Bionic (software) and making better use of the toolchain.
These agents inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells.
The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, and many other parts of the body.
Anticholinergics are divided into three categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and peripheral nervous system: antimuscarinic agents, ganglionic blockers, and neuromuscular blockers.
Wider use is discouraged due to the significant side effects related to cholinergic excess including: seizures, muscle weakness, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, salivation, bronchorrhea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Asystole has occurred after physostigmine administration for tricyclic antidepressant overdose, so a conduction delay (QRS > 0.10 second) or suggestion of tricyclic antidepressant ingestion is generally considered a contraindication to physostigmine administration.
Piracetam (and other racetams), α-GPC and choline are known to activate the cholinergic system and alleviate cognitive symptoms caused by extended use of anticholinergic drugs.
Caffeine (although an adenosine receptor antagonist) is able to counteract the anticholinergic symptoms by reducing sedation and increasing acetylcholine activity, thereby causing alertness and arousal.
When a significant amount of an anticholinergic is taken into the body, a toxic reaction known as acute anticholinergic syndrome may result.
Several narcotic and opiate-containing drug preparations, such as those containing hydrocodone and codeine are combined with an anticholinergic agent to deter intentional misuse.
However, it is noted that opioid/antihistamine combinations are used clinically for their synergistic effect in the management of pain and maintenance of dissociative anesthesia (sedation) in such preparations as Meprozine (meperidine/promethazine) and Diconal (dipipanone/cyclizine), which act as strong anticholinergic agents.
The ship was decommissioned in September 1959, laid up at Pembroke Dock, and sold for breaking up to Thos W Ward at Briton Ferry in July 1970.
Simons & Co Ltd., of Renfrew, she was launched on 9 July 1945, commissioned on 25 July 1945, and decommissioned in November 1958.
Built by the Goole Shipbuilding & Repair Co. Ltd., Goole, the ship was launched on 22 April 1943, and commissioned in February 1944.
Decommissioned in April 1971, the ship was laid up at Devonport, and arrived at Grays, Essex for scrapping on 18 January 1973.
His name was actually Jack Richard Cresdee, but his headstone bears the name John, because of a mistake caused by his brother-in-law.
In December, 1949, she supported Operation Corkscrew by providing aviation fuel at Deception Island for aircraft which helped relieve men of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey at Base E on Stonington Island.
In 1972 she brought the expedition members of the Joint Services Egmont Islands Expedition (JSEI) from Gan, Addu Atoll to the Egmont Atoll.
Urad () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cybinka, within Słubice County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the border with Germany.
It lies on the Oder river, approximately north-west of Cybinka, south-east of Słubice, south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski, and north-west of Zielona Góra.
She broke her tow from the tug that was taking her to be refitted in Cardiff, and drifted onto the rocks.
Her role was to refuel RAF flying boats, and carried 2,600 tons of fuel oil, 550 tons of diesel, and 90 tons of petroleum.
It encompasses the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium as opposed to fluid dynamics, the study of fluids in motion.
Hydrostatics are categorized as a part of the fluid statics, which is the study of all fluids, incompressible or not, at rest.
It is also relevant to geophysics and astrophysics (for example, in understanding plate tectonics and the anomalies of the Earth's gravitational field), to meteorology, to medicine (in the context of blood pressure), and many other fields.
Hydrostatics offers physical explanations for many phenomena of everyday life, such as why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why wood and oil float on water, and why the surface of still water is always level.
Some principles of hydrostatics have been known in an empirical and intuitive sense since antiquity, by the builders of boats, cisterns, aqueducts and fountains.
Archimedes is credited with the discovery of Archimedes' Principle, which relates the buoyancy force on an object that is submerged in a fluid to the weight of fluid displaced by the object.
The concept of pressure and the way it is transmitted by fluids was formulated by the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal in 1647.
The cup consists of a line carved into the interior of the cup, and a small vertical pipe in the center of the cup that leads to the bottom.
The cup may be filled to the line without any fluid passing into the pipe in the center of the cup.
However, when the amount of fluid exceeds this fill line, fluid will overflow into the pipe in the center of the cup.
Heron's fountain is a device invented by Heron of Alexandria that consists of a jet of fluid being fed by a reservoir of fluid.
The fountain is constructed in such a way that the height of the jet exceeds the height of the fluid in the reservoir, apparently in violation of principles of hydrostatic pressure.
The intermediate pot, which was sealed, was filled with fluid, and several cannula (a small tube for transferring fluid between vessels) connecting the various vessels.
Trapped air inside the vessels induces a jet of water out of a nozzle, emptying all water from the intermediate reservoir.
Pascal's Law is a fundamental principle of fluid mechanics that states that any pressure applied to the surface of a fluid is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid in all directions, in such a way that initial variations in pressure are not changed.
If a point in the fluid is thought of as an infinitesimally small cube, then it follows from the principles of equilibrium that the pressure on every side of this unit of fluid must be equal.
This characteristic allows fluids to transmit force through the length of pipes or tubes; i.e., a force applied to a fluid in a pipe is transmitted, via the fluid, to the other end of the pipe.
When this condition of is applied to the Navier–Stokes equations, the gradient of pressure becomes a function of body forces only.
For a barotropic fluid in a conservative force field like a gravitational force field, pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium becomes a function of force exerted by gravity.
For water and other liquids, this integral can be simplified significantly for many practical applications, based on the following two assumptions: Since many liquids can be considered incompressible, a reasonable good estimation can be made from assuming a constant density throughout the liquid.
Also, since the height of the fluid column between and is often reasonably small compared to the radius of the Earth, one can neglect the variation of .
where is the total height of the liquid column above the test area to the surface, and is the atmospheric pressure, i.e., the pressure calculated from the remaining integral over the air column from the liquid surface to infinity.
If there are multiple types of molecules in the gas, the partial pressure of each type will be given by this equation.
Any body of arbitrary shape which is immersed, partly or fully, in a fluid will experience the action of a net force in the opposite direction of the local pressure gradient.
If this pressure gradient arises from gravity, the net force is in the vertical direction opposite that of the gravitational force.
This vertical force is termed buoyancy or buoyant force and is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction, to the weight of the displaced fluid.
where is the density of the fluid, is the acceleration due to gravity, and is the volume of fluid directly above the curved surface.
In the case of a ship, for instance, its weight is balanced by pressure forces from the surrounding water, allowing it to float.
If more cargo is loaded onto the ship, it would sink more into the water – displacing more water and thus receive a higher buoyant force to balance the increased weight.
In general, the lack of the ability to sustain a shear stress entails that free surfaces rapidly adjust towards an equilibrium.
When liquids are constrained in vessels whose dimensions are small, compared to the relevant length scales, surface tension effects become important leading to the formation of a meniscus through capillary action.
This capillary action has profound consequences for biological systems as it is part of one of the two driving mechanisms of the flow of water in plant xylem, the transpirational pull.
Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous.
Gauguin had been a student at the Petit Séminaire de La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin, just outside Orléans, from the age of eleven to the age of sixteen.
His subjects there included a class in Catholic liturgy; the teacher for this class was the Bishop of Orléans, Félix-Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup.
Dupanloup had devised his own catechism to be lodged in the minds of the young schoolboys, and to lead them towards proper spiritual reflections on the nature of life.
He was in despair when he undertook the painting, mourning the tragic death of his favourite daughter earlier in the year and oppressed by debts, and had planned to kill himself on finishing it.
Gauguin indicated that the painting should be read from right to left, with the three major figure groups illustrating the questions posed in the title.
The painting is an accentuation of Gauguin's trailblazing post-impressionistic style; his art stressed the vivid use of colors and thick brushstrokes, tenets of the impressionists (though the Impressionists focused on quick brushstrokes), while it aimed to convey an emotional or expressionistic strength.
Vollard had already purchased the other works as a job lot from Monfreid for 1,000 francs (Gauguin was furious when he found out), but refrained from purchasing the larger monumental work and had difficulty selling it on.
Subsequently, Frizeau sold the painting around 1913 to Galerie Barbazanges, which sold it before 1920 to the Norwegian ship owner and art collector .
He sold the painting via in 1935, and it was bought by the Marie Harriman Gallery in New York City in 1936.
She was moored at Gan, Addu Atoll in the Maldives and was used to refuel Royal Navy ships when traversing the Indian Ocean.
She also saw service during the Korean War, from 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953, along with 18 other Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels and was awarded the battle honour Korea 1950–52.
She was originally one of two ships which were purchased by the Admiralty from the Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co for evaluation purposes.
Her engines and machinary were fitted at James Watt Dock, Greenock, with her sea trials taking place in the Firth of Clyde on 24 May 1939.
She then sailed to the Seychelles, via Curaçao, Simonstown and Mauritius, remaining based in the Indian Ocean, operating between Mombasa, Addu Atoll, Trincomalee and Bombay until April 1943.
She then returned to the Mediterranean for service with the allied forces gathering for Operation Husky, the allied invasion of Sicily.
In March 1945 she was moved to the Pacific Ocean to support allied operations there, assigned to the British Pacific Fleet.
Deployed off Leyte Gulf, she was part of Task Force 112 in Operation Iceberg, the British Fleet Train's contribution to the allied assault on Okinawa.
The next few months were spent in these waters, often based out of Manus, Admiralty Islands, refuelling British and Australian vessels.
After the surrender of Japan she sailed to Singapore, via Shanghai and Subic Bay, remaining there until December 1945, when she returned to the UK.
The postwar years were spent deployed to the Far East, making frequent voyages to and from the UK via the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean.
As such, 15 LCMs could be carried on the ships, with two Gantry cranes, one forward of the ship's bridge and one aft, used to lift the landing craft off the deck and lower them to the sea.
She returned to service as a tanker in 1946, her extra accommodation was used for passengers whilst freighting oil on the Trinidad to UK run.
Narrowly escaping damage during a severe air raid in Bône in December 1942, she survived to join the Pacific Fleet Train and was present for the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay.
Some historians have pointed out that a hierarchy existed within the costermonger class and that while costermongers sold from a handcart or animal-drawn cart, mere hawkers carried their wares in a basket.
Costermongers met a need for rapid food distribution from the wholesale markets (e.g., in London; Smithfield for meat, Spitalfields for fruit and vegetables or Billingsgate for fish) by providing retail sales at locations that were convenient for the labouring classes.
Costermongers used a variety of devices to transport and display produce: a cart might be stationary at a market stall, a mobile (horse-drawn or wheelbarrow) apparatus or a hand-held basket might be used for light-weight goods such as herbs and flowers.
Programmes designed to curtail their activities occurred during the reigns of Elizabeth I, Charles I and reached a peak during Victorian times.
However, the social cohesion within the coster community, along with sympathetic public support, enabled them to resist efforts to eradicate them.
As highly visible, colourful characters who provided service and convenience to the labouring classes, costermongers enjoyed a high level of public sympathy at times when they came under attack from authorities.
Both the sound and appearance of costermongers contributed to a distinctive street life that characterised London and other large European cities, including Paris, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Their loud sing-song cry or chants used to attract attention became part of the fabric of street life in large cities in Britain and Europe.
Costermongers were ubiquitous in mid-Victorian England, but their numbers began to decline in the second half of the 20th-century when they began to take up pitches in the regulated markets.
The term, 'coster' is a corruption of costard, a kind of apple and the term 'monger' meaning a trader or broker.
Most contemporary dictionary definitions of costermonger refer to them as retail sellers or street vendors of fresh produce, operating from temporary stalls or baskets or barrows which are either taken on regular routes for door-to-door selling or which are set up in high traffic areas such as informal markets or lining the streets of busy thoroughfares.
They filled a gap in the food distribution system by purchasing produce from the wholesale markets, breaking it down into smaller lots and offering it for retail sale.
From an economic viewpoint, they provided form utility (breaking down wholesale lots into smaller retail sizes); place utility (making produce available close to shoppers' place of work or residence) and time utility (making goods available at times that are convenient to shoppers such as when they are on their way to work).
Some costermongers walked the streets crying out to sell their produce, while others operated out of unauthorised, but highly organised informal markets, thereby contributing to an informal system of food distribution which was highly valued by the working classes and poorer customers.
Although the term 'costermonger' was used to describe any hawker of fresh produce, it became strongly associated with London-based street vendors following a surge in their numbers in the 18th and 19th-centuries.
They were most numerous during the Victorian era, when Mayhew estimated their London numbers at between 30,000 and 45,000 in the late 1840s.
In the decades after the Great Fire of London, a major rebuilding programme led to the removal of London's main produce market, Stocks Market, in 1773.
Costermongers filled the gap by providing inexpensive produce in small quantities to the working classes, who, for their part, worked long hours in arduous occupations leaving them no time to attend markets far from the city centre.
With the influx of people in London, in the years after the Industrial Revolution, demand outstripped retail capacity, such that costermongers performed a 'vital role' providing food and service to the labouring classes.
Weights were flattened to make products look bigger and heavier, and measures were fitted with thick or false bottoms to give false readings.
Historians such as Jones have argued that the promulgation of a stereotypical image of costermongers was part of a broader agenda to clear London's streets of unruly street vendors, who obstructed traffic in a rapidly growing metropolis that was barely coping with an increasing amount of vehicular traffic and street congestion.
In addition, a movement to eradicate Sunday trading altogether was gathering momentum and set its sights on the informal, unregulated retail trade.
Broadsheets of the day served to perpetuate costermongers' stigmatised status by stories of the moral decay that surrounded places where costers congregated.
Charles Knight, wrote of various attempts to curtail street-based trading during the reigns of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and Charles I (1625–1649).
However, from the 1840s, the community of costermongers faced increasing opposition from three distinct quarters; the vestry, which viewed street markets as the focus of public disorder; the movement to abolish Sunday trading and public authorities who were concerned with the rise of unregulated markets and associated problems associated with street congestion.
Throughout the 1860s, the Commissioner of the Police, Richard Mayne, waged war on costermongers and succeeded in closing several markets while authorities and prominent philanthropists began constructing new covered market places designed to replace street selling.
The vestry, claiming that costers were obstructing the streets, contributing to street litter and encouraging gambling and prostitution, resurrected an ancient law to prevent street trading at certain times.
They insisted that coffee stalls close by 7.30am daily, precisely when workers, on their way to work, might be in need of a hot drink.
Costermongers in the markets of Club Street and Sclater Street were subject to verbal abuse, had their stalls overturned, their barrows and carts impounded and occasionally their products tipped down a nearby drain.
Members of the public were skeptical of the vestry's motivations and believed that shopkeepers were using the issue to eliminate the cheaper produce in order to reduce competitive pressures.
From then on, the justices ensured that stall-holders were given minimal fines, taking much of the steam out of the vestry's programme of opposition.
The costers also pleaded for assistance from a philanthropist, the Earl of Shaftesbury, who pressed the costers' case with the vestry.
The events surrounding the costermongers' resistance to various attempts to eradicate them from the streets only heightened their animosity towards the police, which could be extreme.
However, crimes such as theft were rare among costermongers, especially in an open market where they tended to look out for one another.
In the mid nineteenth century, men wore long waistcoats of sandy coloured corduroy with buttons of brass or shiny mother of pearl.
In the 1880s, a man by the name of Henry Croft who had long admired the costermonger's way of life as well as their showiness and panache, smothered his worn out suit and accessories with pearly buttons arranged in geometric patterns.
Their distinctive identity combined with their highly visible position on London streets led to costermongers becoming a symbol of the working class.
Their open hostilities with police drew widespread public support and costers who were 'sent down' were seen as martyrs and heroes.
The ballad, is a satire that recounts the tale of a country person visiting London to seek legal remedies after having been defrauded.
However, he finds that he cannot afford justice, and is soon relieved of any money he has through his dealings with street sellers, retailers, tavern-keepers and others.
By the 18th and 19th-centuries, ballads extolling the beauty of the women selling lavender, pretty flowers and water cresses had become a ripe subject for composers of folk songs.
From the 18th through to the early 20th-century, music hall entertainers, song writers and musicians mined the coster culture and language, seeking inspiration for parodies, sketches and songs.
Arthur Lloyd was a composer and singer, who achieved great success with his character-songs in the 1870s, many of which were devoted to the lives of costermongers.
Other musicians, such as Robert and Harris Weston, drew inspiration from London's cockney culture when composing their songs, some of which were often sung in a cockney accent.
Coster life and culture was also portrayed in Victorian music halls by vocal comedians such as Albert Chevalier, Bessie Bellwood, Charles Seel, Paul Mill and Gus Elen.
Many of these were pictorial texts, heavily adorned with engravings or lithographs depicting the exuberance of street life in which street vendors were prominently featured.
The French artist, Louise Moillon, noted for her still-life paintings, also used market scenes, costermongers, street vendors and green-grocers as subject matter in early 17th-century France.
The activities and lifestyles of 19th century costermongers and street vendors are among the subjects documented in various nineteenth century texts.
Many of these were written by prominent social commentators and journalists, as part of a social reform agenda which emerged during the period.
The costermonger's trade in London is subject to regulation by law, under the administration of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis.
Legislation exists under clause six of the Metropolitan Streets Act 1867, which deals with obstruction by goods to pavements (sidewalks) and streets.
The ship was laid down on 13 August 1945 by Charles Hill & Sons of Bristol, launched on 28 February 1946, and was commissioned on 14 June 1946, serving until 1976 when it was sold off by the MoD.
The limited rights granted this group in the independent Boer Republics was one of the contributing factors behind the Second Boer War.
The vast Witwatersrand gold fields were discovered in 1886, and within ten years the uitlander population of the Transvaal was thought to be double that of the native Transvaalers, 60,000 uitlanders to 30,000 burghers.
The Transvaal government, under President Paul Kruger, were concerned as to the effect this large influx could have on the independence of the Transvaal.
Enfranchising them, at a time when the British government was keen to extend its colonial power in South Africa, would almost certainly lead to power in the Transvaal passing into British hands, eventually turning it into a British colony.
As a result, the Transvaal government passed legislation in 1890 refusing voting rights or citizenship to any uitlander who had not been resident for fourteen years and who was over 40 years of age.
Their treatment served as the pretext for the Jameson Raid in 1895; Cecil Rhodes planned an invasion of the Transvaal to coincide with an uprising of the uitlanders in Johannesburg.
From 1897 onwards, the High Commissioner for South Africa, Sir Alfred Milner, and the Colonial Secretary, Joseph Chamberlain, used the denial of rights to the uitlanders as their main point of attack against the Transvaal.
Although he is best known as a rock guitarist, his playing style incorporates rock, blues, jazz, classical, bluegrass, and flamenco techniques.
However, most of the songs garnering radio play were Emmett's as he tended to write and sing in a more commercial style, while Moore's songwriting and singing were in more of a heavy metal style.
Emmett's voice also has a noticeable resemblance to Geddy Lee (of Rush), leading to the band's sound itself often being compared to Rush.
In 2007, Emmett joined former Triumph bandmates Gil Moore and Mike Levine for their induction into the Canadian Music Industry Hall of Fame.
On Sunday April 6, 2008 at The 2008 JUNO Awards, Triumph was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (CARAS).
As a result of positive audience response to their dual guitar work in live shows, Emmett and guitarist Dave Dunlop formed the duo Strung-Out Troubadours.
In 2007, Strung-Out Troubadours won Album of the Year and Group/Duo of the Year at the Canadian Smooth Jazz Awards, where they were the most heavily nominated act.
Emmett's 2018 tour with Dunlop may prove to be his last, citing an interest in retirement, or at least an extended break.
She was taken over by the Admiralty on 4 March 1937 after completing her sea trials, and on 5 March 1937 sailed from the River Tyne bound for Trinidad on her maiden voyage.
She made several voyages between Abadan on the Persian Gulf, and on the outbreak of the Second World War she was returning to the UK from Australia and New Zealand.
In October she was refitted at Gibraltar as a defensively equipped merchant ship and in November was assigned to support Operation Torch, the allied invasion of North Africa.
She sustained some damage that month after colliding with a sunken wreck off Oran, damage that had been repaired by December.
She was taken over by the Admiralty on 28 September 1937 after completing her sea trials, and on 29 September 1937 sailed from the River Tyne bound for Trinidad on her maiden voyage.
She went out to the Pacific in 1938, sailing to Auckland, New Zealand via Abadan on the Persian Gulf, before returning to the UK in early 1939.
She returned to the Pacific in 1939, and on the outbreak of the Second World War, was travelling back to the UK via the Mediterranean.
The rest of the year, and into 1941, was spent in the South Atlantic, with calls at Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo, before sailing to Gibraltar in April 1941.
She was once more in service off the South American coastline and in the Caribbean, undergoing repairs at New Orleans from March to April 1942.
In May she sailed from Trinidad bound for Cape Town, moving on to Mombasa in July, and then to Durban in November.
After a period dry docked between June and July 1943, she sailed to Bandar Abbas in September 1943, she made her way to Trincomalee, via Bombay, Colombo and Addu Atoll.
She underwent repairs at Brisbane in July 1944, but on 28 August 1944 was again involved in a collision, this time with the cruiser , during refuelling.
She refuelled warships of the Royal Australian Navy during this period, before being assigned to Force 69 in January 1945, supporting Force 63 for Operation Meridian I on 24 January, and Operation Meridian II on 29 January.
In February 1945 she sailed to Manus Island, in the Admiralty Islands, and in March was allocated to Operation Iceberg, the allied invasion of Okinawa.
She moved forward to Leyte Gulf in March 1945 with the other auxiliaries and spent the rest of the war attached to the fleet train of the British Pacific Fleet.
Returning to service, she spent her postwar career making regular voyages between the Pacific, Indian Ocean, Caribbean and the UK, supporting fleet operations.
On 19 January 1952 she suffered a flooded engine room in heavy weather while in the North Sea off the Scottish coast.
Between July and November 1953 she was refitted at Palmers Yard, Hebburn on Tyne, and between January 1955 and February 1956 she was on charter to London & Overseas Freighters.
She spent the interwar years sailing between the UK and Caribbean and the Pacific, and from early 1940 was based in the Caribbean.
On 14 August 1941 her crew sighted the German cargo ship and blockade runner , which was subsequently scuttled to avoid being captured by the light cruiser and the armed merchant cruiser .
On 5 August 1942 while sailing from Noumea to Brisbane she entered an Allied minefield and struck a mine, but did not sustain any casualties.
She continued to refuel Australian and US vessels, and on 14 May 1943 was at Cid Harbour simulating being a Japanese aircraft carrier so that the Royal Australian Air Force could practice night bombing on her using bags of flour.
In June she moved to Milne Bay, New Guinea to refuel allied ships, and on 18 October collided with the American vessel .
On 14 December she was struck by a crashing Val dive bomber which hit the starboard upper bridge and then No: 3 wing tank, exploding on contact.
She returned to the UK in early 1946, and spent the post war years sailing between her posts in the Pacific and the Caribbean, supporting fleet operations.
On 8 October 1959 she was laid up at Devonport Dockyard, and on 18 November 1969 was put on the Disposal List.
She was offered for sale on 22 November 1969 and again on 29 November 1969, and was sold to a Spanish breaker on 28 January 1970.
She left Devonport for the last time on 11 February 1970, under tow for the breakers, and arrived at Bilbao on 17 February for scrapping by Luis Arbulu Arana (Hierros Ardes).
The ship was ordered from the British Tanker Company of London from Harland and Wolff and was laid down on 29 December 1936 with Yard number 975.
She was one of six tankers purchased during construction by the British Government to allow replacement of worn out ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.
She spent the first year of the war operating between bases in Scotland and Norway, on 16 May 1940 she was attacked by four dive bombers and suffered minor damage from two near misses.
After a brief trip back to the UK and the end of hostilities she was sent to the Far East, visiting Shanghai, Tokyo, Yokohama and Hong Kong.
She was refitted in 1947 and continued service across the world until sold in November 1959 and broken up two months later.
She was used first on the Chatham - Gibraltar - Malta run taking naval supplies and a small number of passengers.
The film focuses on two nerdy teenage boys who create a woman of their own (played by Kelly LeBrock), as they are unable to find girlfriends.
As of January 2020, he is an associate professor in the English department at California State University, Long Beach (CSU Long Beach) in Long Beach, California.
For several years prior to his appointment at CSU Long Beach, he was a professor at Angelo State University in San Angelo, Texas.
Mitchell-Smith publishes on chivalry in the later Middle Ages, and he also publishes on cinematic, television, and video-game versions of medieval culture.
He works as a technical writer and editor for smaller independent game producers, and he is an active tabletop gamer and an organizer of tabletop game events in Southern California.
The single remained in the German charts for a full month but the band was determined not to let this initial commercial success become a one hit wonder.
Many purists voiced criticism as the band explored new paths and no longer focussed on a pure Hip Hop music style.
With the cooperation of James Last, the trio took a break from song-writing in 1999, and embarked on a creative pause.
Beginner, and Smudo of the Fantastischen Vier (Fantastic Four) as well as Der Tobi & Das Bo made personal contributions to this anthology.
It is ordinary, except that armoured tanks drive through the streets as if they were cars, and the people take little notice of them.
On 22 December 2005, Fettes Brot gave the largest concert of their career at the Color Line Arena in Hamburg in front of over 13,000 people.
They also released 'Falsche Entscheidung' in 2006 for the World Cup, with a video featuring the retired footballers Boris Amadeus and Stefan Bach.
The song is about the German model Bettina Ballhaus, who at the time hosted a late night quiz show in which, for every question answered correctly, she took some of her clothes off.
The Rover class were single hulled tankers, designed to carry a mixture of fuel oil, aviation fuel, lubricating oil and fresh water supply for services around the globe; they could also carry limited dried stores of 340 tonnes such as munitions and refrigerated goods.
Although not big enough to support a large task group, these ships are ideal for supporting individual warships or small groups on deployment.
On September 1971 she carried out deck landing trials with the new Harrier Jump Jet while was moored at Greenwich Pier on the Thames.
In April 1992 the ship was purchased by her builders who then resold her to the Indonesian Navy for £6 million.
She was towed from Portsmouth to the Tyne renamed C to be taken in hand for a 4-month refurbishment before re-entering service for her new owners.
Whilst in San Carlos Water, an Argentine plane dropped a bomb that penetrated her hull, but the bomb failed to explode.
Constructed by Fairfield S&E, the vessel was laid down in March 1962, launched on 25 June 1963, and commissioned on 16 January 1964.
The ship was initially operated by the British-India Steam Navigation Company, then was transferred to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary in 1970.
In 1982, as part of the Amphibious Task Group engaged in the Falklands war, she entered San Carlos Water on 21 May and uniquely remained there for the duration of the conflict.
On 24 May at around 10:15, she was hit by a bomb, which failed to explode, from one of four Argentinian Air Force A-4 Skyhawks.
Following the cessation of hostilities and some repairs, she operated around the Falklands until 26 July, returning to Portsmouth on 18 August, and dumping 25 tons of Argentine munitions into the ocean en route.
The new design was based on the Royal Schelde Enforcer design; a joint project between the Dutch and Spanish resulting in the and amphibious warfare ships.
The Bay-class ships have a full load displacement of in RFA service; this increased slightly to after modifications for RAN service.
The RAN opted to maintain the ship at full operational crewing at all times, with a ship's company of 158, including 22 Army and 6 RAAF personnel.
During normal conditions, a Bay-class ship can carry 356 soldiers, but this can be almost doubled to 700 in overload conditions.
Helicopters are not routinely carried on board, but a temporary hangar may be fitted and the twin-spot flight deck is capable of handling helicopters up to the size of Chinooks, as well as Merlin helicopters and Osprey tiltrotor aircraft, and a temporary hangar can be fitted as required.
The well dock can carry one LCU Mark 10, one LCM-8, or two LCVPs (either the Royal Marines version or the Royal Australian Navy version), and two Mexeflotes can be suspended from the ship's flanks.
Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the ship was pulled from exercises and sailed on 3 February to deliver a load of relief supplies to Haiti.
On 18 February 2010, she arrived at Port-au-Prince and unloaded of supplies plus of rations, while engineers from the ship began work on restoring electricity ashore.
In December 2010, it was announced that the ship would be decommissioned in April 2011 as part of the Strategic Defence and Security Review.
In January 2011, the Australian Department of Defence announced that it was interested in purchasing the vessel for the RAN as a replacement for the heavy landing ship or one of the amphibious warfare ships.
Sea trials during April showed that the ship was in good condition, although she would have to be modified before entering Australian service, particularly to allow operation in tropical conditions.
During a 16-week docking at the A&P Group shipyard in Falmouth, the modifications were made, along with refit work to maintain the ship's Lloyds certification.
The name comes from Chief Petty Officer Claude Choules, who served in both the Royal Navy and the RAN during his career, and was the last known living participant in World War I.
In April 2015, the ship transported 46 Vietnamese asylum seekers back to Vũng Tàu, after their vessel was intercepted at sea on 20 March by Australian border protection units and their claims were rejected after interviews at sea lasting less than 40 minutes.
However, cost overruns and delays saw the shipbuilder removed from the project, and the incomplete ship was towed to Govan for finishing by BAE Systems Naval Ships.
During normal conditions, a Bay-class ship can carry 356 soldiers, but this can be almost doubled to 700 in overload conditions.
Helicopters are not routinely carried on board, but a temporary hangar can be fitted and the flight deck is capable of handling helicopters up to the size of Chinooks, as well as Merlin helicopters and Osprey tiltrotor aircraft.
The well dock can carry one LCU Mark 10 or two LCVPs, and two Mexeflotes can be suspended from the ship's flanks.
On 16 October 2013 she joined Operation Atalanta, the EU’s counter-piracy force off Somalia; she rejoined the COUGAR group in mid-November.
Between June and December 2015 the ship was on Hurricane watch in the Caribbean and had a Mexeflote and Combat Support Boat (CSB) with their crews from 17 Port & Maritime Regt RLC on board to provide the amphibious capability that had not been seen on APT (North) before.
A team of Royal Marines and Royal Engineers were attached on board with a wide range of skill sets along with a Lynx HMA.8 from 234 Flight of 815 Naval Air Squadron for the duration.
This saw the Mexeflote transferring 10 vehicles ashore and 100 tonnes of water and aid, alongside were the HADR team to help the local population.
After 17 Port and Maritime Regt proving the true capabilities of the Mexeflote and LSD(A) Bay Class ships working in unison in 2015 during APT (North), both the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and 17 Port and Maritime Regt have secured a 3-year deployment with both LSD(A) and Mexeflote paired respectively.
Lyme Bay was returned to the fleet after the refit and sea trials were complete on 8 March 2018.April 2019 saw RFA Lyme Bay take part in Exercise Joint Warrior 19-1, off the coast of northwest Scotland.
The new design was based on the Royal Schelde Enforcer design; a joint project between the Dutch and Spanish resulting in the and amphibious warfare ships.
During normal conditions, a Bay-class ship can carry 356 soldiers, but this can be almost doubled to 700 in overload conditions.
Helicopters are not routinely carried on board, but a temporary hangar can be fitted and the flight deck is capable of handling helicopters up to the size of Chinooks, as well as Merlin helicopters and Osprey tiltrotor aircraft.
The well dock can carry one LCU Mark 10 or two LCVPs, and two Mexeflotes can be suspended from the ship's flanks.
She was launched on 9 April 2004, although it took several attempts to christen the ship, and she received damage after becoming entangled in chains and 25-ton weights during the actual launching.
The deployment was divided into two phases, the first in local waters and the second in waters off the coast of Sierra Leone.
After completing the Vela Deployment, she returned to the UK to load vehicles and equipment for Exercise Clockwork in northern Norway.
She attended The Tall Ships' Races event in Belfast Northern Ireland between 14–17 August 2009 which was the finishing line for the competition.
In early 2012, she joined the aircraft carrier and fleet flagship to participate in Exercise ‘Joint Warrior’ and other training missions with warships from the United States, Norway and the Netherlands.
On Armed Forces Day 2012, 30 June, she fired the salute in Plymouth as she steamed past , with the Earl of Wessex and the First Sea Lord on board.
On 19 May 2016 she was deployed to assist in the search for the missing EgyptAir flight MS804 in the Mediterranean between Crete and Egypt.
She was tasked to assist in HADR operations at Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, and Turks and Caicos Islands in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma in September 2017 obtaining widespread media coverage.
Father Auguste Chapdelaine, Chinese name Ma Lai (; 6 February 1814 – 29 February 1856) was a French Christian missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society.
In December, he went, together with Lu Tingmei, to Yaoshan village, Xilin County of Guangxi, where he met the local Catholic community of around 300 people.
He was arrested and thrown into the Xilin county prison ten days after his arrival, and was released after sixteen or eighteen days of captivity.
Following personal threats, he went back to Guizhou in early 1855, and came back to Guangxi in December of the same year.
He was denounced on February 22, 1856, by Bai San, a relative of a new convert, while the local tribunal was on holiday.
He was arrested in Yaoshan, together with other Chinese Catholics, by orders of Zhang Mingfeng, the new local mandarin on 25 February 1856.
Condemned to decapitation, he was severely beaten and locked into a small iron cage, which was hung at the gate of the jail.
The chargé d'affaires, de Courcy, in Macao learned of the murder on 17 July, and filed a vigorous protest on 25 July to the Chinese Imperial Viceroy Ye Mingchen.
La captivité de M. Chapdelaine, les tortures qu'il a subies, sa mort cruelle, les violences qu'on a faites à son cadavre, constituent, noble Commissaire Impérial, une flagrante et odieuse violation des engagements solennels qu'il a consacrés.
C'est à V. E. qu'il appartient naturellement d'en proposer les termes; j'aurai à décider ensuite si l'honneur, la dignité et les interêts du Gouvernement de mon grand Empereur me permettent de les accepter.
When Britain went to war with China in the same year (commencing the Second Opium War (1856–60), France initially declared its neutrality but de Courcy made it known that French sympathy was with the English due to the Chapdelaine incident.
In 1857, de Bourboulon, the French plenipotentiary arrived in Hong Kong and attempted to negotiate reparations for the murder of Father Chapdelaine and to revise the treaty.
Viceroy Yeh on 14 December stated that he had received a report that the person who was killed was a member of the Triad society with a similar Chinese name to Father Chapdelaine was executed as a rebel in March, and that this was not the same person as Father Chapdelaine.
He also complained that in the past many French citizens had gone into the interior to preach, and he cited the case of six missionaries who had been arrested and were handed over to French custody.
Lord Elgin, the British High Commissioner for China commented on the French ultimatum given prior to France's entry to the war: Gros [the French ambassador] showed me a projet de note when I called on him some days ago.
The fact is, that he has had a much better case of quarrel than we; at least one that lends itself much better to rhetoric.
The Chinese version of article 6 in the Sino-French Peking Convention, signed at the end of the war, gave Christians the right to spread their faith in China and to French missionaries to hold property.
He was canonized on 1 October 2000, by Pope John Paul II, together with 120 Christian martyrs who had died in China between the 17th and 20th century.
When church followers married, he held mass for them and many times he raped the brides, according to archives that quoted local people in Xilin.
During normal conditions, a Bay-class ship can carry 356 soldiers, but this can be almost doubled to 700 in overload conditions.
Helicopters are not routinely carried on board, but a temporary hangar can be fitted and the flight deck is capable of handling helicopters up to the size of Chinooks, as well as Merlin helicopters and Osprey tiltrotor aircraft.
The well dock can carry one LCU Mark 10 or two LCVPs, and two Mexeflotes can be suspended from the ship's flanks.
Plans to launch the ship on 8 April 2005 were frustrated by high winds and unusually low tides; the naming ceremony was carried out that day, and the actual launching took place the next day, with more favourable tide conditions.
In June 2011, the vessel headed to Yemen to aid with the potential evacuation of British citizens affected by the ongoing unrest in Yemen.
This was part of Exercise Somaliland Cougar, an operation to train Somali coastguards in anti-piracy techniques and to establish relationships with tribal leaders.
The song references social issues of its period, including the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the Vietnam War, the draft, the threat of nuclear war, the Civil Rights movement, turmoil in the Middle East, and the American space program.
The American media helped popularize the song by using it as an example of everything that was wrong with the youth of that time.
The accompanying musicians were top-tier Los Angeles session players: P. F. Sloan on guitar, Hal Blaine (of Phil Spector's Wrecking Crew) on drums, and Larry Knechtel on bass guitar.
The song was an instant hit, and as a result, the more polished vocal track that was at first envisioned was never recorded.
The following Monday morning he got a phone call from the record company at 7:00 am, telling him to turn on the radio — his song was playing.
With a burning Des Moines, Iowa, as a backdrop, Larry Underwood sits atop the hood of a car, belting out the song to amuse himself until interrupted by another survivor of the superflu.
The song, like many other popular songs of the day, gave its name to a gun truck used by United States Army Transportation Corps forces during the Vietnam War.
The truck is on display at the U.S. Army Transportation Museum and is believed to be the only surviving example of a Vietnam era gun truck.
Any e-mail address posted in public is likely to be automatically collected by computer software used by bulk emailers (a process known as e-mail address scavenging).
Private e-mail sent between individuals is highly unlikely to be collected, but e-mail sent to a mailing list that is archived and made available via the web, or passed onto a Usenet news server and made public, may eventually be scanned and collected.
Many see it as an attempt to fix a symptom rather than solving the real problem of e-mail spam, at the expense of causing problems for innocent users.
The use of address munging on Usenet is contrary to the recommendations of RFC 1036 governing the format of Usenet posts, which requires a valid e-mail address be supplied in the From: field of the post.
No spam filter is 100% immune to false positives, however, and the same potential correspondent that would have been deterred by address munging may instead end up wasting time on long letters that will merely disappear into junk mail folders.
For commercial entities, maintaining contact forms on web pages rather than publicizing e-mail addresses may be one way to ensure that incoming messages are relatively spam-free yet do not get lost.
In conjunction with CAPTCHA fields, spam on such comment fields can be reduced to effectively zero, except that non-accessibility of CAPTCHAs bring the same deterrent problems as address munging itself.
and ignores users of text browsers like lynx and w3m, although being transparent means they don't disadvantage non-English speakers that cannot understand the plain text bound to a single language that is part of non-transparent munged addresses or instructions that accompany them.
It was procured to fill a gap caused by damage to and loss of Round Table class landing ships during the Falklands War.
Sawyer was born in Scotland, and graduated with a degree in Computer Science and Microprocessor Systems from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow.
Following school, he entered the video game industry in 1983, writing games in Z80 machine code on the Memotech MTX home computer, and then the Amstrad CPC series home computer.
Many mathematics journals ask authors of research papers and expository articles to list subject codes from the Mathematics Subject Classification in their papers.
This list has some items that would not fit in such a classification, such as list of exponential topics and list of factorial and binomial topics, which may surprise the reader with the diversity of their coverage.
As a rough guide this list is divided into pure and applied sections although in reality these branches are overlapping and intertwined.
Calculus studies the computation of limits, derivatives, and integrals of functions of real numbers, and in particular studies instantaneous rates of change.
Topology developed from geometry; it looks at those properties that do not change even when the figures are deformed by stretching and bending, like dimension.
One of the central concepts in number theory is that of the prime number, and there are many questions about primes that appear simple but whose resolution continues to elude mathematicians.
The mathematical models used to describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a pipe, or the number of fish each spring in a lake are examples of dynamical systems.
The fields of mathematics and computing intersect both in computer science, the study of algorithms and data structures, and in scientific computing, the study of algorithmic methods for solving problems in mathematics, science and engineering.
Operations research is the study and use of mathematical models, statistics and algorithms to aid in decision-making, typically with the goal of improving or optimizing performance of real-world systems.
Such statements include axioms and the theorems that may be proved from them, conjectures that may be unproven or even unprovable, and also algorithms for computing the answers to questions that can be expressed mathematically.
The publication of new discoveries in mathematics continues at an immense rate in hundreds of scientific journals, many of them devoted to mathematics and many devoted to subjects to which mathematics is applied (such as theoretical computer science and theoretical physics).
It represents public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities, retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers.
At the national level, the NEA lobbies the United States Congress and federal agencies and is active in the nominating process for Democratic candidates.
From 1989 through the 2014 election cycle, the NEA spent over $92 million on political campaign contributions, 97% of which went to Democrats.
The RA, which is a delegation comprising elected representatives from each local and state affiliate, coalitions of student members and retired members, and other segments of the united education profession—is the primary legislative and policy-making body of the NEA.
The Board of Directors consists of one director from each state affiliate (plus an additional director for every 20,000 active members in the state), six directors for the retired members, and three directors for the student members.
The board also includes at-large representatives of ethnic minorities, administrators, classroom teachers in higher education, and active members employed in educational support positions.
The NTA became the National Education Association (NEA) in 1870 when it merged with the American Normal School Association, the National Association of School Superintendents, and the Central College Association.
NEA officially merged with the American Teachers Association, the historically black teachers association founded as the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools, in 1966.
In 1998, a tentative merger agreement was reached between NEA and American Federation of Teachers (AFT) negotiators, but ratification failed soundly in the NEA's Representative Assembly meeting in New Orleans in early July 1998.
Mergers occurred in Florida (the Florida Education Association formed in 2000); Minnesota (Education Minnesota formed in 1998), Montana (MEA-MFT formed in 2000), New York (New York State United Teachers formed in 2006) and North Dakota.
That began to change in 1959, when Wisconsin became the first state to pass a collective bargaining law for public employees.
In 2006, the NEA and the AFL–CIO also announced that, for the first time, stand-alone NEA locals as well as those that had merged with the AFT would be allowed to join state and local labor federations affiliated with the AFL-CIO.
It came to resemble the rival American Federation of Teachers (AFT), which was a labor union for teachers in larger cities.
It created the NEA Political Action Committee to engage in local election campaigns, and it began endorsing political candidates who supported its policy goals.
NEA contracts also cover some non-members, known as agency fee payers, which since 2006 have numbered comparatively about 3% of the size of the union's membership.
Most NEA funding comes from dues paid by its members ($295 million in dues from a $341 million total budget in 2005).
Part of the dues remain with the local affiliate (the district association), a portion goes to the state association, and a portion is given to the national association.
Federal law prohibits unions from using dues money or other assets to contribute to or otherwise assist federal candidates or political parties, in accordance with their tax-exempt status.
The NEA Fund for Children and Public Education is a special fund for voluntary contributions from NEA members which can legally be used to assist candidates and political parties.
Critics have repeatedly questioned the NEA's actual compliance with such laws, and a number of legal actions focusing on the union's use of money and union personnel in partisan contexts have ensued.
NEA has played a role in politics since its founding, as it has sought to influence state and federal laws that would affect public education.
The extent to which the NEA and its state and local affiliates engage in political activities, especially during election cycles, has been a source of controversy.
In recent decades the NEA has increased its visibility in party politics, endorsing more Democratic Party candidates and contributing funds and other assistance to political campaigns.
Based on required filings with the federal government, it is estimated that between 1990 and 2002, eighty percent of the NEA's substantial political contributions went to Democratic Party candidates and ninety five percent of contributions went to Democrats in 2012. the NEA maintains that it bases support for candidates primarily on the organization's interpretation of candidates' support for public education and educators.
Every presidential candidate endorsed by the NEA must be recommended by the NEA's PAC Council (composed of representatives from every state and caucus) and approved by the Board of Directors by a 58 percent majority.
In September 2013, the NEA wrote an open letter to the United States House of Representatives opposing the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59; 113th Congress).
The organization stated that they may decide to use the vote on this bill in their NEA Legislative Report Card for the 113th Congress.
The NEA has often opposed measures such as merit pay, school vouchers, weakening of teacher tenure, certain curricular changes, the No Child Left Behind Act, and other reforms that make it easier for school districts to use disciplinary action against teachers.
With the modern scrutiny placed on teacher misconduct, particularly regarding sexual abuse, the NEA has been criticized for its failure to crack down on abusive teachers.
NEA has come under fire for taking advantage of laws in some states that compel, under certain conditions, membership in the association.
A leading critic of NEA from the left is Dr. Rich Gibson, whose article on the NEA-AFT merger convention outlines a critique of unionism itself.
The problem as stated asked for more work on the distribution of primes and generalizations of Riemann hypothesis to other rings where prime ideals take the place of primes.
Hilbert calls for a solution to the Riemann hypothesis, which has long been regarded as the deepest open problem in mathematics.
He calls for a solution to the Goldbach conjecture, as well as more general problems, such as finding infinitely many pairs of primes solving a fixed linear diophantine equation.
Finally, he calls for mathematicians to generalize the ideas of the Riemann hypothesis to counting prime ideals in a number field.
It features an ensemble cast of French theatrical performers, led by Méliès himself in the main role of Professor Barbenfouillis, and is filmed in the overtly theatrical style for which Méliès became famous.
The film was an internationally popular success on its release, and was extensively pirated by other studios, especially in the United States.
Its unusual length, lavish production values, innovative special effects, and emphasis on storytelling were markedly influential on other film-makers and ultimately on the development of narrative film as a whole.
Though the film disappeared into obscurity after Méliès's retirement from the film industry, it was rediscovered around 1930, when Méliès's importance to the history of cinema was beginning to be recognized by film devotees.
The film remains the best-known of the hundreds of films made by Méliès, and the moment in which the capsule lands in the Moon's eye remains one of the most iconic and frequently referenced images in the history of cinema.
It is widely regarded as the earliest example of the science fiction film genre and, more generally, as one of the most influential films in cinema history.
Landing safely on the Moon, the astronomers get out of the capsule without the need of space suits and watch the Earth rise in the distance.
As they sleep, a comet passes, the Big Dipper appears with human faces peering out of each star, old Saturn leans out of a window in his ringed planet, and Phoebe, goddess of the Moon, appears seated in a crescent-moon swing.
At this point, a Selenite (an insectoid alien inhabitant of the Moon, named after one of the Greek moon goddesses, Selene) appears, but it is killed easily by an astronomer, as the creatures explode if they are hit with force.
The sixth astronomer, Barbenfouillis himself, uses a rope to tip the capsule over a ledge on the Moon and into space.
Astronomer, capsule, and Selenite fall through space and land in an ocean on Earth, where they are rescued by a ship and towed ashore.
Sadoul argued that the first half of the film (up to the shooting of the projectile) is derived from Verne and that the second half, the travellers' adventures on and in the Moon, is derived from Wells.
It was his longest film at the time; both the budget and filming duration were unusually lavish, costing 10,000 to make and taking three months to complete.
The camera operators were Théophile Michault and Lucien Tainguy, who worked on a daily basis with Méliès as salaried employees for the Star Film Company.
In addition to their work as cameramen, Méliès's operators also did odd jobs for the company such as developing film and helping to set up scenery, and another salaried operator, François Lallement, appeared onscreen as the marine officer.
By contrast, Méliès hired his actors on a film-by-film basis, drawing from talented individuals in the Parisian theatrical world, with which he had many connections.
They were paid one Louis d'or per day, a considerably higher salary than that offered by competitors, and had a full free meal at noon with Méliès.
Méliès's film studio, which he had built in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis in 1897, was a greenhouse-like building with glass walls and a glass ceiling to let in as much sunlight as possible, a concept used by most still photography studios from the 1860s onward; it was built with the same dimensions as Méliès's own Théâtre Robert-Houdin (13.5×6.6m).
Throughout his film career, Méliès worked on a strict schedule of planning films in the morning, filming scenes during the brightest hours of the day, tending to the film laboratory and the Théâtre Robert-Houdin in the late afternoon, and attending performances at Parisian theatres in the evening.
Méliès himself sculpted prototypes for the heads, feet, and kneecap pieces in terra cotta, and then created plaster moulds for them.
One of the backdrops for the film, showing the inside of the glass-roofed workshop in which the space capsule is built, was painted to look like the actual glass-roofed studio in which the film was made.
Méliès carefully spliced the resulting shots together to create apparently magical effects, such as the transformation of the astronomers' telescopes into stools or the disappearance of the exploding Selenites in puffs of smoke.
Rather than attempting to move his weighty camera toward an actor, he set a pulley-operated chair upon a rail-fitted ramp, placed the actor (covered up to the neck in black velvet) on the chair, and pulled him toward the camera.
In addition to its technical practicality, this technique also allowed Méliès to control the placement of the face within the frame to a much greater degree of specificity than moving his camera allowed.
A substitution splice allowed a model capsule to suddenly appear in the eye of the actor playing the Moon, completing the shot.
Another notable sequence in the film, the plunge of the capsule into real ocean waves filmed on location, was created through multiple exposure, with a shot of the capsule falling in front of a black background superimposed upon the footage of the ocean.
The shot is followed by an underwater glimpse of the capsule floating back to the surface, created by combining a moving cardboard cutout of the capsule with an aquarium containing tadpoles and air jets.
The descent of the capsule from the Moon was covered in four shots, taking up about twenty seconds of film time.
Thuillier, a former colorist of glass and celluloid products, directed a studio of two hundred people painting directly on film stock with brushes, in the colors she chose and specified.
Each worker was assigned a different color in assembly line style, with more than twenty separate colors often used for a single film.
However, Méliès never required a specific musical score to be used with any film, allowing exhibitors freedom to choose whatever accompaniment they felt most suitable.
When the film was screened at the Olympia music hall in Paris in 1902, an original film score was reportedly written for it.
The stage set is highly stylized, recalling the traditions of the 19th-century stage, and is filmed by a stationary camera, placed to evoke the perspective of an audience member sitting in a theatre.
Rather, each camera setup in Méliès's film is designed as a distinct dramatic scene uninterrupted by visible editing, an approach fitting the theatrical style in which the film was designed.
This kind of nonlinear storytelling—in which time and space are treated as repeatable and flexible rather than linear and causal—is highly unconventional by the standards of Griffith and his followers; before the development of continuity editing, however, other filmmakers performed similar experiments with time.
Later in the twentieth century, with sports television's development of the instant replay, temporal repetition again became a familiar device to screen audiences.
Because Méliès does not use a modern cinematic vocabulary, some film scholars have created other frameworks of thought with which to assess his films.
It can also be described simply as a trick film, a catch-all term for the popular early film genre of innovative, special-effects-filled shorts—a genre Méliès himself had codified and popularized in his earlier works.
The film makes no pretense whatsoever to be scientifically plausible; the real waves in the splashdown scene are the only concession to realism.
The film scholar Matthew Solomon notes that the last part of the film (the parade and commemoration sequence missing in some prints) is especially forceful in this regard.
He argues that Méliès, who had previously worked as an anti-Boulangist political cartoonist, mocks imperialistic domination in the film by presenting his colonial conquerors as bumbling pedants who mercilessly attack the alien lifeforms they meet and return with a mistreated captive amid fanfares of self-congratulation.
The film was shown after Saturday and Thursday matinee performances by Méliès's colleague and fellow magician, Jules-Eugène Legris, who appeared as the leader of the parade in the two final scenes.
Many circumstances surrounding the film—including its unusual budget, length, and production time, as well as its similarities to the 1901 New York attraction—indicate that Méliès was especially keen to release the film in the United States.
One account reports that Méliès sold a print of the film to the Paris photographer Charles Gerschel for use in an Algiers theatre, under strict stipulation that the print only be shown in Algeria.
Gerschel sold the print, and various other Méliès films, to the Edison Manufacturing Company employee Alfred C. Abadie, who sent them directly to Edison's laboratories to be duplicated and sold by Vitagraph.
Copies of the print spread to other firms, and by 1904 Siegmund Lubin, the Selig Polyscope Company, and Edison were all redistributing it.
Edison's print of the film was even offered in a hand-colored version available at a higher price, just as Méliès had done.
Méliès was often uncredited altogether; for the first six months of the film's distribution, the only American exhibitor to credit Méliès in advertisements for the film was Thomas Lincoln Tally, who chose the film as the inaugural presentation of his Electric Theater.
In addition to the opening of the American branch, various trade arrangements were made with other film companies, including American Mutoscope and Biograph, the Warwick Trading Company, the Charles Urban Trading Co., Robert W. Paul's studio, and Gaumont.
In these negotiations, a print sale price of 0.15 per foot was standardized across the American market, which proved useful to Méliès.
However, later price standardizations by the Motion Picture Patents Company in 1908 hastened Méliès's financial ruin, as his films were impractically expensive under the new standards.
In addition, in the years following 1908 his films suffered from the fashions of the time, as the fanciful magic films he made were no longer in vogue.
Exhibitors in New York City, Washington D.C., Cleveland, Detroit, New Orleans, and Kansas City reported on the film's great success in their theatres.
The film also did well in other countries, including Germany, Canada, and Italy, where it was featured as a headline attraction through 1904.
In 1917, his offices were occupied by the French military, who melted down many of Méliès's films to gather the traces of silver from the film stock and make boot heels from the celluloid.
When the Théâtre Robert-Houdin was demolished in 1923, the prints kept there were sold by weight to a vendor of second-hand film.
Finally, in that same year, Méliès had a moment of anger and burned all his remaining negatives in his garden in Montreuil.
Thanks to the efforts of film history devotées, especially René Clair, , and Paul Gilson, Méliès and his work were rediscovered in the late 1920s.
Mauclaire obtained a copy from Paris in October 1929, and LeRoy found one from London in 1930, though both prints were incomplete; Mauclaire's lacked the first and last scenes, and LeRoy's was missing the entire final sequence featuring the parade and commemorative statue.
These prints were occasionally screened at retrospectives (including the Gala Méliès), avant-garde cinema showings, and other special occasions, sometimes in presentations by Méliès himself.
LeRoy's incomplete print became the most commonly seen version of the film and the source print for most other copies, including the Cinémathèque française's print.
A complete version of the film, including the entire celebration sequence, was finally reconstructed in 1997 from various sources by the Cinémathèque Méliès, a foundation set up by the Méliès family.
It is unknown whether this version, a hand-colored print struck from a second-generation negative, was colored by Elisabeth Thuillier's lab, but the perforations used imply that the copy was made before 1906.
The flag waved during the launching scene in this copy is colored to resemble the flag of Spain, indicating that the hand-colored copy was made for a Spanish exhibitor.
In 1999, Anton Gimenez of the Filmoteca de Catalunya mentioned the existence of this print, which he believed to be in a state of total decomposition, to Serge Bromberg and Eric Lange of the French film company Lobster Films.
Bromberg and Lange offered to trade a recently rediscovered film by Segundo de Chomón for the hand-colored print, and Gimenez accepted.
Bromberg and Lange consulted various specialist laboratories in an attempt to restore the film, but because the reel of film had apparently decomposed into a rigid mass, none believed restoration to be possible.
Consequently, Bromberg and Lange themselves set to work separating the film frames, discovering that only the edges of the film stock had decomposed and congealed together, and thus that many of the frames themselves were still salvageable.
In 2010, a complete restoration of the hand-colored print was launched by Lobster Films, the Groupama Gan Foundation for Cinema, and the Technicolor Foundation for Cinema Heritage.
The digitized fragments of the hand-colored print were reassembled and restored, with missing frames recreated with the help of a black-and-white print in the possession of the Méliès family, and time-converted to run at an authentic silent-film speed, 14 frames per second.
The restored version premiered on 11 May 2011, eighteen years after its discovery and 109 years after its original release, at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, with a new soundtrack by the French band Air.
It was profoundly influential on later filmmakers, bringing creativity to the cinematic medium and offering fantasy for pure entertainment, a rare goal in film at the time.
The film also spurred on the development of cinematic science fiction and fantasy by demonstrating that scientific themes worked on the screen and that reality could be transformed by the camera.
It remains Méliès's most famous film as well as a classic example of early cinema, with the image of the capsule stuck in the Man in the Moon's eye particularly well-known.
Running in the Quebec riding of St. Henry, Gosselin received 642 votes on a platform opposing the imposition of conscription during World War II.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 63, based on nine reviews.
It earned a gold certification from Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) one month after its release, on July 14, 2003, and had sold over 771,000 copies in the United States as of June 2010.
It is loosely based on the true story of Alferd Packer and the sordid details of the trip from Utah to Colorado that left his five fellow travelers dead and partially eaten.
Trey Parker (credited as Juan Schwartz) stars as Alferd Packer, with frequent collaborators Stone, Dian Bachar, and others playing the supporting roles.
The film begins with a reenactment of the gruesome act of cannibalism described by the prosecuting attorney during Alferd Packer's 1883 trial.
During a break in the trial, Packer is enticed by journalist Polly Pry to tell his side of the story, which he proceeds to do, via flashback.
In 1873, Packer was part of a group of miners in Bingham Canyon, Utah who hear of new prospects in Breckenridge.
He and Liane set off on what Packer estimates will be a three-week journey with a party of five miners: Shannon Wilson Bell, an aspiring Mormon priest; James Humphrey, who was forced by his father to join the party; Frank Miller, a cynical butcher who reluctantly joins their party at the mine; George Noon, a teenager hoping to meet women in Breckenridge; and Israel Swan, an optimist.
An attempt to ask a local for directions to Provo proves unsuccessful, with the local warning them of impending doom awaiting them in the mountains.
Finally arriving at a frontier post in Provo, they run into a group of three fur trappers bound for Saguache; O.D.
After Bell wounds his leg in a bear trap, the men attempt to cross the Green River near the Utah border.
They are taken back to the tribe's encampment near Delta where the chief warns them of a winter storm, allowing them to wait it out with the tribe.
The story returns to the present time, where Packer is sentenced to death by hanging, with his execution to occur in Lake City.
The men set out in the wilderness after Packer learns the trappers have already left, persuading them to leave under the guise of there being a break in the storm.
The group begins to suspect that Packer is really only interested in following the trappers to find his horse, and Bell's temper begins to shorten as his wound from the bear trap becomes infected and develops gangrene.
The men discuss their dire situation that night over the fire, speaking of the cannibalism that the Donner Party had to resort to in California.
Packer convinces them for one more chance for a scouting trip, but when he returns, Bell has killed the others, claiming they planned to kill and eat him after Packer left.
The sheriff of Saguache, suspicious of Packer arriving without the rest of his party, eventually finds out the fate of the other members and attempts to arrest Packer for cannibalism at a saloon.
A bar-fight between Packer and the trappers (and some of the bar patrons, including the Cyclops from earlier) occurs, which Packer wins after brutally attacking Cabazon's groin using fighting techniques he learned from the Nihonjin chief, leaving Cabazon incapacitated with a high-pitched voice.
Following this, Packer attempts to flee to Wyoming, only to later be arrested there and brought back to Colorado to await judgment.
Polly reveals that Packer had gotten a stay of execution from the governor stating that he could not be convicted of a state crime since Colorado was not a state at the time of the incident.
Meanwhile Cabazon, who wants revenge against Packer for their fight in Saguache, states the townsfolk came to see bloodshed and tries to trigger the gallows.
The film was shot during weekends and on spring break in 1993, and according to Ian Hardin, most of the crew failed their film history class as a result.
Filming was done on location throughout Colorado in Denver, Colorado National Monument, Black Canyon, and Ouray, with the courtroom scenes being shot in the actual courthouse that Alferd Packer was tried in, in Lake City, and the town scenes taking place in Provo, Saguache, and the hanging scene being shot in different parts of the Buckskin Joe Old West theme park in Canyon City.
A fake protest organized by friends of Parker and Stone, organized along the lines of an animal rights demonstration, took place in front of the theater.
A special edition 13th anniversary DVD was released by Troma with added features, including all new interviews with the cast and crew.
The first was at the Sierra College in Northern California and then at Dad's Garage Theater where it won accolades by fans and the press.
In 2005, the first High School group attempted the show at The Ironwood Ridge High School in Tucson, Arizona, but the show was censored by the school and performed off campus as a benefit.
Later that year the show made its German debut at the University of Regensburg and played many small colleges and community houses in the US.
In 2006, the show debuted at its first Fringe Festivals in Minneapolis and Victoria, Canada and continued to find adoption by small colleges and community theaters.
In 2008, The Insurgo Theater Movement launched the show in Las Vegas for the first of several runs by their company.
The show ran from July 31 to August 25 at the George Square Theatre, Edinburgh for a total of 26 performances.
In May 2012, Logan Donahoo Presents performed a version of the musical in Orlando, Florida during the 2012 Orlando International Fringe Theatre Festival, in the Yellow venue.
The show was successful, receiving positive reviews, and winning Patron's Pick for its venue, meaning that it had outsold all of the other shows and was awarded an additional performance.
It was announced in early 2014 that a production of the show is being produced at the Waterfront Theatre in Vancouver, B.C.
In a recording career spanning 46 years, Armatrading has released 19 studio albums, as well as several live albums and compilations.
Joan Armatrading, the third of six children, was born in 1950 in the town of Basseterre on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts.
When she was three years old, her parents moved with their two eldest boys to Birmingham in England, sending Joan to live with her grandmother on the Caribbean island of Antigua.
Shortly thereafter, her mother bought her a £3 guitar () from a pawn shop in exchange for two prams, and the younger Armatrading began teaching herself the instrument.
She lost her first job (as a typist and comptometer operator) after taking her guitar to work and playing it during tea-breaks.
She then performed her own songs around the local area with a friend from school, and played bass and rhythm guitar at local clubs.
Nestor wrote the lyrics to 11 of the 14 songs on the album, while Armatrading wrote the lyrics to three of them, performed all the vocals, wrote all the music and played an array of instruments on the album.
It was unsuccessful in the charts and a period of inactivity for Armatrading followed while she extricated herself from her contract with Cube Records.
The single was subsequently withdrawn by Cube and re-released as a promotional single in the US by Armatrading's new label A&M Records, the same year (as A&M1452).
Armatrading credited English singer Elkie Brooks on the sleeve notes as she had cooked for Armatrading and the band in the studio while they had been making the album, which was produced by Brooks' then husband Pete Gage.
The song was included on the soundtrack album for the film, originally released by A&M Records, later released under licence as a Cinephile DVD.
Between 1972 and 1976 Armatrading made a total of eight appearances in session for the John Peel show and the decade saw her become the first Black British female singer/songwriter to enjoy international success.
The album became Armatrading's highest ever charting album both in the UK and the US, while the title track became her second UK Top 40 hit single.
Armatrading performed in 1985 at a sold out concert at the Red Rocks Amphitheater in Denver, and another concert in Arizona with Cook da Books.
Despite various television appearances and a full tour (which included a string quartet in addition to her stage band), the album was not a commercial success, becoming her lowest charting studio album in 20 years.
Each of the artists opening for her across the UK also had a track selected for a three disc compilation released by her record label Hypertension Music.
In 2014 and 2015, Armatrading embarked on her last major tour, the Me Myself I Tour, the first to feature her solo on stage.
For her 2012–13 tour, she performed on six- and 12-string Ovations, Stratocasters, and customised Tom Anderson guitars, while for her 2014–2015 Me Myself I Tour, she performed on Ovation and Variax instruments.
In addition to her music career, in 2001, after five years of studying, Armatrading earned a BA degree in history from the Open University, of which she is now a trustee.
She has received honorary degrees from the Liverpool John Moores University (2000), the University of Birmingham (2002), the University of Northampton (2003), Aston University (2006), the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (2008), and the Open University and the University of the West Indies (2013).
In May 2012, before her concert at Uttoxeter, as part of the 2012 Acoustic Festival of Britain, she was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award.
According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.
It became the eighth best-selling album of 2003 in the US, according to Nielsen SoundScan, selling 2.6 million copies in a period of five months.
Duff watched her sister rehearsing in 2001, after which she told her mother that she wanted to be involved in singing.
During the same time period, she attended a Radio Disney concert where she met Andre Recke, whose client Myra was performing.
After becoming determined to start a music career, Duff resumed her vocal lessons—which she had started before her acting career began—and became one of Recke's clients.
According to Duff, her mother, Recke and Duff herself worked very hard to get music that she related to and was age-appropriate for her.
Considering how young she was, I thought that was interesting, that it wouldn’t be a complete fabrication, because I’m used to working with very strong artists, strong personalities.
After I got to know Hilary and we hung out, I saw that she had real points of view and was going to be real involved, which makes it easier to actually create the music—coming from somewhere, from a personality, from a point of view, rather than created out of whole cloth.
In some instances, Duff would go into detail about events in her personal life that could be used for inspiration in a song.
Kara DioGuardi, who had long outgrown Disney, thus making her unaware of who Duff was, was told by an acquaintance of hers who worked at EMI that she should meet up with Recke.
After Recke chose the songs, DioGuardi had the task of rewriting some of the song's lyrics to make them more appropriate for Duff's demographic.
Duff insisted the song was not about fellow singer and ex-boyfriend Aaron Carter, with whom she was rumored to have broken up after a fight.
According to Marketing Evaluations/TvQ, Duff was, in July 2003, the female star most popular with kids aged between six and eleven.
The song, written by Lauren Christy, Scott Spock, Graham Edwards and Charlie Midnight, was produced by production team The Matrix, who were notable at the time for their work with Avril Lavigne.
In Australia the song debuted at number thirty-nine, peaked at number eight in its eighth week, and remained on the chart for twenty weeks.
The song peaked at number thirty five, becoming Duff's first top forty single in the US and also her highest charting single at the time.
It reached a peak of number seventeen in Australia and eighteen in the UK, while charting inside top twenty in Canada, Netherlands, Ireland and New Zealand.
It was the eighth best selling album of 2003 according to Nielsen SoundScan, selling 2.6 million copies, and it was certified four times platinum in mid-2004.
It was certified platinum four months after its release for sales of 100,000, and in December 2004 it was certified quadruple platinum for sales exceeding 500,000 copies.
In Australia, the album sold well and was certified 2* platinum for sales of 70,000; it was number seventy-four on the ARIA year-end chart.
As of July 27, 2014, the album had sold 3,961,000 million copies in the United States and more than 6 million copies worldwide.
Like other types of diagrams, they help visualize what is going on and thereby help understand a process, and perhaps also find less-obvious features within the process, like flaws and bottlenecks.
A cross-functional flowchart allows the author to correctly locate the responsibility for performing an action or making a decision, and to show the responsibility of each organizational unit for different parts of a single process.
For instance, Kaoru Ishikawa defined the flowchart as one of the seven basic tools of quality control, next to the histogram, Pareto chart, check sheet, control chart, cause-and-effect diagram, and the scatter diagram.
Similarly, in UML, a standard concept-modeling notation used in software development, the activity diagram, which is a type of flowchart, is just one of many different diagram types.
Common alternative names include: flow chart, process flowchart, functional flowchart, process map, process chart, functional process chart, business process model, process model, process flow diagram, work flow diagram, business flow diagram.
The underlying graph structure of a flowchart is a flow graph, which abstracts away node types, their contents and other ancillary information.
In the early 1930s, an industrial engineer, Allan H. Mogensen began to train business people in the use of some of the tools of industrial engineering at his Work Simplification Conferences in Lake Placid, New York.
Art Spinanger, a 1944 graduate of Mogensen's class, took the tools back to Procter and Gamble where he developed their Deliberate Methods Change Program.
Ben S. Graham, another 1944 graduate, Director of Formcraft Engineering at Standard Register Industrial, applied the flow process chart to information processing with his development of the multi-flow process chart, to present multiple documents and their relationships.
Douglas Hartree in 1949 explained that Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann had developed a flowchart (originally, diagram) to plan computer programs.
The flowchart became a popular tool for describing computer algorithms, but its popularity decreased in the 1970s, when interactive computer terminals and third-generation programming languages became common tools for computer programming, since algorithms can be expressed more concisely as source code in such languages.
Often pseudo-code is used, which uses the common idioms of such languages without strictly adhering to the details of a particular one.
Any drawing program can be used to create flowchart diagrams, but these will have no underlying data model to share data with databases or other programs such as project management systems or spreadsheet.
Many software packages exist that can create flowcharts automatically, either directly from a programming language source code, or from a flowchart description language.
The SJC claims the distinction of being the oldest continuously functioning appellate court in the Americas, with a recognized history dating to the establishment of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature in 1692 under the charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
Although it was historically composed of four associate justices and one chief justice, the court is currently composed of six associate justices and one chief justice.
The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court traces its history back to the high court of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay, which was chartered in 1692.
Under the terms of that charter, Governor Sir William Phips established the Superior Court of Judicature as the province's local court of last resort (some of the court's decisions could be appealed to courts in England).
When the Massachusetts State Constitution was established in 1780, legislative and judicial records show that the state's high court, although renamed, was a continuation of provincial high court.
During and after the period of the American Revolution the court had members who were appointed by royal governors, the executive council of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress (which acted as the state's executive from 1775 to 1780), and governors elected under the state constitution.
The SJC sits at the John Adams Courthouse, One Pemberton Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, which also houses the Massachusetts Appeals Court and the Social Law Library.
The Court consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices appointed by the Governor of Massachusetts with the consent of the Governor's Council.
All judges appointed before 1695 were reappointed in that year (except John Richards, who had died) because the legislation creating the court was vetoed in that year by the Privy Council.
Several further attempts to legislate the court's existence were vetoed, and it was not until 1699 that the provincial assembly enacted laws creating courts that satisfied the Privy Council.
The mammillary bodies are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system.
They are connected to other parts of the brain (as shown in the schematic, below left), and act as a relay for impulses coming from the amygdalae and hippocampi, via the mamillo-thalamic tract to the thalamus.
Lesions of the medial dorsal and anterior nuclei of the thalami and lesions of the mammillary bodies are commonly involved in amnesic syndromes in humans.
Mammillary body atrophy is present in several other conditions, such as colloid cysts in the third ventricle, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, heart failure, and sleep apnea.
This format is not in use today, and was only used on two-color Technicolor and other early color processes for films; by comparison with a full spectrum, its poor color reproduction made it undesirable.
Outside of a few low-cost high-volume applications, such as packaging and labelling, RG and RGK are no longer in use because devices providing larger gamuts such as RGB and CMYK are in widespread use.
Until recently, its primary use was in low-cost light-emitting diode displays, where red and green tended to be far more common than the still nascent blue LED technology, though full-color LEDs with blue have become more common in recent years.
ColorCode 3-D, a stereoscopic color scheme, uses the RG color space to simulate a broad spectrum of color in one eye; the blue portion of the spectrum transmits a black-and-white (black-and-blue) image to the other eye to give depth perception.
Laurents originally conceived the production as a small chamber musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein, and Mary Martin in the lead role of spinster Leona Samish.
By the time the project began to jell, however, Hammerstein had died, and Stephen Sondheim was asked by Laurents and Mary Rodgers, Richard Rodgers' daughter, to write the lyrics.
Franco Zeffirelli was the first choice for director, and he met with Laurents, Sondheim, and Rodgers, who fell asleep during their discussion.
Laurents suspected Rodgers had been drinking, and when he discovered a bottle of vodka secreted in the toilet tank during a later visit to the Rodgers apartment, he realized he had been correct.
The composer's chronic drinking proved to be a major problem throughout the rehearsal period and pre-Broadway run at the Colonial Theatre in Boston and the Shubert Theatre in New Haven.
Dexter insisted on giving the lead role of Leona to Elizabeth Allen, who Laurents felt could manage the acting and singing but had a cold personality too contrary to that of the character.
Rodgers' mistreatment of Sondheim left the lyricist feeling apathetic if not outright sour about the project, but he maintained his professionalism.
Herbert Ross was called in to work on the dance routines and brought with him his wife Nora Kaye, who served as a mediator among the warring factions.
The musical opened on Broadway on March 18, 1965 at the 46th Street Theatre and closed on September 25, 1965 after 220 performances.
It starred Elizabeth Allen and Sergio Franchi; other principal cast members included Carol Bruce, Madeleine Sherwood, Julienne Marie, Stuart Damon, Fleury D'Antonakis, and Jack Manning.
Laurents rued the casting - he felt Allen was too young and colorless and Franchi couldn't act - and ignored all the ongoing problems in favor of making his dream a reality, but most of all he regretted the break in his friendship with Sondheim after the show.
The musical received three nominations for the Tony Awards: Elizabeth Allen was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical; nominated for Best Original Score; and nominated for Best Scenic Design, but lost in all three categories.
made its regional theatical debut at the Pabst Theater in Milwaukee (Wisconsin): Dorothy Collins as Leona led a cast which also included Ron Holgate (Collins' husband) as Renato, Joel Fabiani as Eddie Yaeger.
was presented by the St Louis Municipal Opera, with a cast also including Fleury D'Antonakis (reprising her Broadway role as Giovanna), Clifford David (Eddie Yaeger), Enzo Stuarti (Renato), Monique van Vooren (Fioria) and Karin Wolfe (Jennifer Yaeger).
which starred Anita Bryant as Leona and featured Don Amendolia as Vito (Carol Bruce had originally been announced as encoring her Broadway role of Fioria for Kenley Players).
by the Equity Library Theatre of the New York [City] Public Library whose cast also included Melanie Chartoff (Jennifer Yaeger) and Barbara Lea (Fioria).
It was then he realized the original play did lend itself to musical adaptation, but the score Rodgers composed wasn't very good.
A revised production was staged at the George Street Playhouse, New Brunswick, New Jersey from October 13, 1999 through November 14, 1999, with Penny Fuller as Leona and Charles Cioffi as Renato, the cast also featuring Anna Belknap (Jennifer), Lynn Cohen (Fioria) and Carla Bianco (Giovanna).
A 2001 revival of the musical was staged at the Pasadena Playhouse, Pasadena, California, where it ran from July 15 through August 19: with stage musical icon Carol Lawrence as Fioria, the cast also included Anthony Crivello (Renato), Eddy Martin (Mauro), Alyson Reed (Leona), Jack Riley (Mr. McIlhenny), Elmarie Wendel (Mrs. McIlhenny), and Annie Wersching (Jennifer Yaeger).
In 2003, the Landor Theatre in London staged the musical and in March 2014, Charles Court Opera further revived the show at Park Theatre in Finsbury Park.
It was directed by Evan Cabnet and starred Melissa Errico (Leona), Claybourne Elder (Eddie Yaeger), Sarah Stiles (Giovanna) and Richard Troxell (Renato De Rossi).
He offers not only to find her a matching glass to make up a pair, but to show her the sights of the city, as well.
When the McIlhennys show her their purchase of a set of glasses exactly like hers, Leona believes Renato misrepresented their value, but Signora Fioria assures her they are antiques.
Later in the day, Renato's son Vito comes to tell Leona that Renato will be late for their meeting because one of his children is ill and needs to see a doctor.
He comes to the pensione and explains he and his wife have not loved each other for years but divorce is not an option, not only because the country doesn't permit it, but because they have their children to consider as well.
To Leona, his casual attitude about extramarital affairs is wrong, but she still finds herself attracted to him, and agrees to keep their date.
Eddie, finding himself enamoured with Signora Fioria, announces he wants to put distance between himself and the woman by returning to the United States.
Renato arrives with a garnet necklace for Leona, who is thrilled with his gift and agrees to extend her stay in Venice.
She hosts a party in the garden of the pensione, and as the party is in progress, Renato's son Vito comes to tell his father that the jeweler wants his money; overhearing this, Leona happily gives him the money.
However, when she discovers Renato has received a commission on the sale of the necklace, she accuses him of being interested only in her money, and he leaves.
On hearing Renato had been there before she awoke, Leona goes to his store to make amends, but he tells her a relationship with her would be impossible because of her complicated outlook on life.
They were wise not to overload the musical with production numbers; their taste was unexceptionable when they chose not to turn their work into a brash, noisy affair, which would have been out of keeping with their theme.
Elizabeth Allen, in the lead role, was criticized with backhanded compliments for being too young and attractive for the part, flaws not apparent on the album.
To begin with, his reasons for collaborating with Rodgers were prompted out of obligations to others rather than a belief in the material.
Optimistic at a chance to do something unusual, Sondheim thought that Leona--the lonely and uptight American--should not sing until the end of the show.
Sondheim felt that Rodgers was not able to write a story in song so he ended up writing many of the lyrics first.
Sondheim's lyrics for the song tended to lean toward a more cynical view of marriage and his suggestion that the husband and wife might find consolation by having separate affairs, even a homosexual one, was quite revolutionary for 1965.
Such a musical is usually based on good source material but raises the question as to what the addition of music does to enhance the original.
The 13 March 1975 performance of the 1975 Equity Library production was recorded on audiocassette and is held in the Equity Library Theatre collection.
Musical excerpts (not included on the original cast recording) include the overture, Lezione in Inglese, We're Going to the Lido, Everybody Loves Leona.
Also, some members of the Hong Kong community with European ancestry (particularly those with limited or zero Cantonese fluency) are indifferent to the term.
Since 2010 it updated only sporadically and went on hiatus between January 2, 2012 and March 30, 2012, when irregular updates resumed.
Forced out of their dormitory by a gas leak explosion, Mike Green, David Jones, Roger Pepitone, Marsha Hart, Margaret Browning, and April Sommers move into an apartment building near their college.
The first monuments of literature from territory now included in present-day Slovakia are from the time of Great Moravia (from 863 to the early 10th century).
With the distinction between religious and secular literature that had started to develop in the Renaissance period, the religious conflicts in Slovakia during the Baroque period led to a clear division between sacred and profane.
Hugolín Gavlovič authored religious, moral, and educational writings in the contemporary West Slovak vernacular, and was a prominent representative of baroque literature in Slovakia.
Ľudovít Štúr was the leader of the Slovak national revival in the 19th century, the author of the Slovak language standard eventually leading to the contemporary Slovak literary language.
Štúr's codification work was disapproved by Ján Kollár and the Czechs, who saw it as an act of Slovak withdrawal from the idea of a common Czecho-Slovak nation and a weakening of solidarity.
Janko Kráľ was one of the first poets to start writing in the modern Slovak language standard freshly codified (in 1843) by Ľudovít Štúr and his companions.
Dramatist Ján Chalupka's first works were in Czech, but after 1848 he started writing in Slovak and translated Czech originals into Slovak.
His style is characterized by extensive use of self-coined words and expressions making it difficult to translate his works into foreign languages.
Martin Kukučín was the most notable representative of Slovak literary realism, and considered to be one of the founders of modern Slovak prose.
As a result of the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and subsequent establishment of Czechoslovakia, the sociolinguistic pressures of Magyarization disappeared.
During the turbulent years of the Slovak Republic and reestablishment of Czechoslovakia, two separate literary movements dominated, the lyrical prose of Hronský, František Švantner, Dobroslav Chrobák, Ľudo Ondrejov and Margita Figuli, and the Slovak surrealists (Štefan Žáry, Rudolf Fabry, Pavel Bunčák and others).
At the start of the war, the ship was at Devonport and after the embarkation of 450 Royal Marines and 3 Gazelle helicopters, she left for Ascension Island.
11 September 1978 the Sir Geraint sailed out of Alexandra dock Liverpool en route to Belfast carrying 13 platoon Somme company 1st Battalion Kings Own Royal Border Regiment a Detachment from the RAF and another Detachment (unit not disclosed).
Cretu had released several solo records, collaborated with various artists, and produced albums for his then-wife, German pop singer Sandra, before he conceived the idea of a New Age, Worldbeat project.
(1996), which blended together the Gregorian chants reminiscent from the first album and the strong intercultural soundscapes present in the second.
Enigma has sold over 8.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US and an estimated 70 million worldwide with over 100 gold and platinum certifications.
By the late 1980s, Romanian-born German musician and producer Michael Cretu had collaborated with several musicians, produced albums recorded by his then wife, German pop singer Sandra, and released solo albums under his own name for Polydor and Virgin Records, to varied levels of commercial success across Europe.
Studios, was built, and Cretu began work on a new, worldbeat and new age musical project named Enigma with David Fairstein and Frank Peterson.
The album earned over 50 platinum sales awards worldwide, and made Enigma the most successful act signed to Virgin at the time of release.
The former became an international top-10 hit in 12 countries and is certified gold in the US for selling half a million copies.
The case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount of money and all further releases of the song were credited (including royalties) to the Kuos.
Cretu has stated that he had been led to believe that the recording was in the public domain and that he did not intentionally violate the Kuos' copyright.
Cretu's idea was that this third album was the child of the previous two albums, and therefore included familiar elements of Gregorian chants and Sanskrit chants in it.
It did not achieve the same level of success that they enjoyed previously, and as a result, only two of the three singles originally slated were released.
sold over one million units in the United States, achieved a Gold certificate in the United Kingdom and two Grammy nominations: one for its artwork design and the second as Best New Age Album.
Spring from Spain and Rasa Serra from Lithuania provided other important parts of the vocals like the bridge, backing and verse of the final version of the single.
Fans also influenced further stages of the song's creation by voting on elements such as a lead instrument, general mood and style of the track.
Throughout 2019 and into 2020, three former vocalists for Enigma (Andru Donalds, Angel X, and Fox Lima) embarked on a world tour under the name Original Enigma Voices.
From 1988 until 2001, Cretu lived in Santa Eulària des Riu followed by, from 2001 to 2008, a villa near Sant Antoni where the studio was redesigned and built by Gunter Wagner and Bernd Steber.
Both of the lawsuits were settled, with the source of each sample being granted compensation and credit for the sampled performance; however, the anonymity that Cretu intended to keep after the release of the first album was shattered due to the first lawsuit.
Soon after working with Michael Cretu on the first Enigma album, German producer Frank Peterson left the project in order to focus on Gregorian, a band that performs mostly covers of modern pop and rock songs with Gregorian-like vocals and symphonic instruments.
Likewise, French musical project Era features Gregorian chants mixed with pop-rock arrangements and is also frequently compared in scope to Enigma.
More electronic projects that often draw comparisons with Enigma are French act Deep Forest, Canadian duo Delerium, Danish project Achillea (created by Enigma’s co-producer and guest guitarist Jens Gad) and German project Schiller.
Its full effect may take more than four weeks to occur, with some benefit possibly as early as one to two weeks.
In addition, mirtazapine has a statistical advantage over SSRIs in terms of reducing symptoms of depression, but the difference is not clinically important.
A 2011 Cochrane review that compared mirtazapine to other antidepressants found that, while it appears to have a faster onset in people for whom it works (measured at 2 weeks), its efficacy is about the same as other antidepressants after 6 weeks' use.
A 2012 review focused on antidepressants and sleep found that in many people with sleep disorders caused by depression, mirtazapine reduces the time it takes to fall asleep and increases the quality of sleep, but that in some people it can disturb sleep, especially at higher doses, causing restless leg syndrome in 8 to 28% of people and in rare cases causes REM sleep behavior disorder.
A 2011 Cochrane review found that compared with other antidepressants, it is more likely to cause weight gain and sleepiness, but it is less likely to cause tremor than tricyclic antidepressants, and less likely to cause nausea and sexual dysfunction than SSRIs.
Very common (≥10% incidence) adverse effects include constipation, dry mouth, sleepiness, increased appetite (17%) and weight gain (>7% increase in <50% of children).
Common (1–10% incidence) adverse effects include weakness, confusion, dizziness, fasciculations, peripheral edema, and negative lab results like elevated transaminases, elevated serum triglycerides, and elevated total cholesterol.
Mirtazapine is not considered to have a risk of many of the side effects often associated with other antidepressants like the SSRIs, and may actually improve certain ones when taken in conjunction with them.
Despite its sedating action, mirtazapine is also believed to be capable of this, so in the United States and certain other countries, it carries a black box label warning of these potential effects, especially for people under the age of 25.
A case report published in 2000 noted an instance in which mirtazapine counteracted the action of clonidine, causing a dangerous rise in blood pressure.
Effects of sudden cessation of treatment with mirtazapine may include depression, anxiety, tinnitus, panic attacks, vertigo, restlessness, irritability, decreased appetite, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms such as allergies and pruritus, headaches and sometimes hypomania or mania.
Mirtazapine is considered to be relatively safe in the event of an overdose, although it is considered slightly more toxic in overdose than most of the SSRIs (except citalopram).
Case reports of overdose with as much as 30 to 50 times the standard dose described the drug as relatively nontoxic, compared to tricyclic antidepressants.
Concurrent use with inhibitors or inducers of the cytochrome (CYP) P450 isoenzymes CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and/or CYP3A4 can result in altered concentrations of mirtazapine, as these are the main enzymes responsible for its metabolism.
As examples, fluoxetine and paroxetine, inhibitors of these enzymes, are known to modestly increase mirtazapine levels, while carbamazepine, an inducer, considerably decreases them.
Liver impairment and moderate chronic kidney disease have been reported to decrease the oral clearance of mirtazapine by about 30%; severe kidney disease decreases it by 50%.
According to information from the manufacturers, mirtazapine should not be started within two weeks of any monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) usage; likewise, MAOIs should not be administered within two weeks of discontinuing mirtazapine.
The addition of mirtazapine to an MAOI, while potentially having typical or idiosyncratic (unique to the individual) reactions not herein described, does not appear to cause serotonin syndrome.
This is in accordance with the fact that the 5-HT receptor is the predominant serotonin receptor thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of serotonin syndrome (with the 5-HT receptor seeming to be protective).
Mirtazapine is a potent 5-HT receptor antagonist, and cyproheptadine, a drug that shares this property, mediates recovery from serotonin syndrome and is an antidote against it.
Mirtazapine is sometimes described as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), although the actual evidence in support of this label has been regarded as poor.
It is specifically a potent antagonist or inverse agonist of the α-, α-, and α-adrenergic receptors, the serotonin 5-HT, 5-HT, and the histamine H receptor.
Unlike many other antidepressants, it does not inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine, nor does it inhibit monoamine oxidase.
Similarly, mirtazapine has weak or no activity as an anticholinergic or blocker of sodium or calcium channels, in contrast to most TCAs.
As an H receptor antagonist, mirtazapine is extremely potent, and is in fact the most potent of all the TCAs and TeCAs.
Antagonism of the H receptor is by far the strongest activity of mirtazapine, with the drug acting as a selective H receptor antagonist at low concentrations.
Although not clinically relevant, mirtazapine has been found to act as a partial agonist of the κ-opioid receptor at high concentrations (EC = 7.2 μM).
Antagonism of the α-adrenergic receptors, which function largely as inhibitory autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, enhances adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, notably central 5-HT receptor mediated transmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus and hippocampus; hence, mirtazapine's classification as a NaSSA.
Indirect α adrenoceptor-mediated enhancement of serotonin cell firing and direct blockade of inhibitory α heteroreceptors located on serotonin terminals are held responsible for the increase in extracellular serotonin.
Antagonism of the 5-HT subfamily of receptors and inverse agonism of the 5-HT receptor appears to be in part responsible for mirtazapine's efficacy in the treatment of depressive states.
Accordingly, it was shown that by blocking the α-adrenergic receptors and 5-HT receptors mirtazapine disinhibited dopamine and norepinephrine activity in these areas in rats.
In addition, mirtazapine's antagonism of 5-HT receptors has beneficial effects on anxiety, sleep and appetite, as well as sexual function regarding the latter receptor.
In conjunction with substance abuse counseling, mirtazapine has been investigated for the purpose of reducing methamphetamine use in dependent individuals with success.
In contrast to mirtazapine, the SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, and some TCAs increase the general activity of the 5-HT, 5-HT, and 5-HT receptors leading to a host of negative changes and side effects, the most prominent of which including anorexia, insomnia, sexual dysfunction (loss of libido and anorgasmia), nausea, and diarrhea, among others.
As a result, it is often combined with these drugs to reduce their side-effect profile and to produce a stronger antidepressant effect.
This is in accordance with the fact that it is not a serotonin reuptake inhibitor or MAOI, nor a serotonin receptor agonist.
There are no reports of serotonin syndrome in association with mirtazapine alone, and mirtazapine has not been found to cause serotonin syndrome in overdose.
However, there are a handful of case reports of serotonin syndrome occurring with mirtazapine in combination with serotonergic drugs like SSRIs, although such reports are very rare, and do not necessarily implicate mirtazapine as causative.
Mirtazapine is a very strong H receptor inverse agonist and, as a result, it can cause powerful sedative and hypnotic effects.
A single 15 mg dose of mirtazapine to healthy volunteers has been found to result in over 80% occupancy of the H receptor and to induce intense sleepiness.
After a short period of chronic treatment, however, the H receptor tends to desensitize and the antihistamine effects become more tolerable.
Many patients may also dose at night to avoid the effects, and this appears to be an effective strategy for combating them.
In contrast to the H receptor, mirtazapine has only low affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, although anticholinergic side effects like dry mouth, constipation, and mydriasis are still sometimes seen in clinical practice.
It is conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine, where 75% of the drug is excreted, and about 15% is eliminated in feces.
Mirtazapine is a tetracyclic piperazinoazepine; mianserin was developed by the same team of organic chemists and mirtazapine differs from it via addition of a nitrogen atom in one of the rings.
Mirtazapine was first synthesized at Organon and published in 1989, was first approved for use in major depressive disorder in the Netherlands in 1994, and was introduced in the United States in 1996 under the brand name Remeron.
Although its name ends in -azepine and it is a sedative, it is not a benzodiazepine (whose similar suffixes are -azepam and -azolam).
Mirtazapine is sometimes prescribed as an appetite stimulant for cats or dogs experiencing anorexia due to medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease.
The publisher was owned by David Allen, who worked publishing alongside his day job as a systems engineer at Financial Computing in Winston-Salem.
Plan nine was started in 1996, and in January 2000 Allen left his day job to concentrate full-time on the publishing business.
With low print runs (typically less than 2000), the company were able to run with a profit with runs as low as 300.
The low running costs meant that the company was able to have a 70% gross profit margin, and was able to give its artists a 20% royalty, more than 4 times the industrial average.
The S6G reactor is a naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on attack submarines.
The S6G reactor plant consists of the reactor coolant, steam generation, and other support systems that supply steam to the engine room.
The S6G reactor plant was originally designed to use the D1G-2 core, similar to the D2G reactor used on the guided missile cruiser.
The Desert Land Act was passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1877, to encourage and promote the economic development of the arid and semiarid public lands of the Western states.
A precursor act in 1875, called the Lassen County Act, was pushed by Representative John K. Luttrell of the northeastern district of California, who wanted to speed up privatization of land east of the Sierra.
A. Williamson, Luttrell and Senator Aaron A. Sargent co-sponsored the Desert act which extended the Lassen County Act to cover several arid states and other regions of California.
The original intent of the Desert Land Act was to instigate growth in the West by incentivizing people to move out West in the late 19th century and develop irrigation systems that would transform the land into usable space.
While settlers decided to move West to spread irrigation, rather than use the land solely for farming or cattle, it created a new dilemma for settlers as to how to use and share the water, be it on a communal or an individual basis.
While many irrigation systems were set up communally, that eventually led to private water companies that owned large irrigation systems, which were built independently without consulting proper engineers.
Although the Desert Land Act was partly based on the Homestead Act and the Preemption Act (1841), it did not contain a key provision of those acts, the residence requirement.
While the claimant had to improve the land, the claimant did not need to live on the land while the improvements were made.
Well known areas that began as land patented under the Desert Land Act include the Salt River in Arizona, the Imperial Valley in California, the Snake River in Idaho, Gallatin, Montana, and Yakima, Washington.
The peak of growth of these areas can be tracked by three separate eras prior to the current era: 1877-1887, 1888-1893, and 1893-1910.
The second era of the Desert Land Act saw a significant drop in fraudulent activity after an amendment to the Act that included stricter regulations and checks for irrigation systems, however was not entirely absent of fraudulent land ownership.
Other amendatory acts to the law included encouraging communal placement of irrigation systems, and defined the progress of reclamation in the amount spent on the systems.
The last era of the Desert Land Act began as the interest in irrigation and migration increased following the prosperity after the Depression of 1893.
By 1920, nearly all present irrigation systems had been in place in all lands grown in the West from the act.
Damon has since spoken candidly about the fact that Barry did not want him in the series because of his height.
In 1999, Damon won the Best Supporting Actor Emmy, for his portrayal of Alan, a physician, addicted to the painkiller hydrocodone.
Despite the death of the character, Damon had remained on the show, playing the ghost of Alan Quartermaine, haunting his sister Tracy about forging Alan's will.
He remained with the show until December 23, 2008, when Alan appeared to Monica on Christmas to tell her that he loved her.
He left the series on October 30, 2009, but returned for three episodes between August 23, 2010, and August 25, 2010.
He returned again in November 2012 as a ghost when son AJ was announced to be alive, after son Jason's disappearance.
He appeared, along with Rick Webber (Chris Robinson) and Emily Quartermaine (Natalia Livingston), as a hallucination shared by Tracy and Monica, for the show's 50th anniversary episode, which aired April 2, 2013.
Additionally, a 10-gun brig named was launched on Lake Erie in 1807, captured by the Americans in April 1813 and destroyed by the British a few weeks later.
Blackletter (sometimes black letter), also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule, or Textura, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 until the 17th century.
It continued to be used for the Danish language until 1875, and for German, Estonian and Latvian until the 20th century.
Fraktur is a notable script of this type, and sometimes the entire group of blackletter faces is incorrectly referred to as Fraktur.
Blackletter is sometimes referred to as Old English, but it is not to be confused with the Old English language (or Anglo-Saxon), which predates blackletter by many centuries and was written in the insular script or in Futhorc.
New universities were founded, each producing books for business, law, grammar, history and other pursuits, not solely religious works, for which earlier scripts typically had been used.
As early as the 11th century, different forms of Carolingian were already being used, and by the mid-12th century, a clearly distinguishable form, able to be written more quickly to meet the demand for new books, was being used in northeastern France and the Low Countries.
It was in fact invented in the reign of Charlemagne, although only used significantly after that era, and actually formed the basis for the later development of blackletter.
Johannes Gutenberg carved a textualis typeface – including a large number of ligatures and common abbreviations – when he printed his 42-line Bible.
While an antiqua typeface is usually compound of roman types and italic types since the 16th-century French typographers, the blackletter typefaces never developed a similar distinction.
Chaucer's works were originally printed in blackletter, but most presses were switched over to Roman type around 1590, following the trend of the Renaissance.
Secretary script has a somewhat haphazard appearance, and its forms of the letters , , and are unique, unlike any forms in any other English script.
It developed first in those areas closest to France and then spread to the east and south in the 13th century.
Schwabacher typefaces dominated in Germany from about 1480 to 1530, and the style continued in use occasionally until the 20th century.
Most importantly, all of the works of Martin Luther, leading to the Protestant Reformation, as well as the Apocalypse of Albrecht Dürer (1498) used this typeface.
Schwabacher, a blackletter with more rounded letters, soon became the usual printed typeface, but it was replaced by Fraktur in the early 17th century.
Fraktur came into use when Emperor Maximilian I (1493–1519) established a series of books and had a new typeface created specifically for this purpose.
In the 19th century, the use of antiqua alongside Fraktur increased, leading to the Antiqua-Fraktur dispute, which lasted until the Nazis abandoned Fraktur in 1941.
Its use persisted into the nineteenth century for editions of the State Translation of the Bible, but had otherwise become obsolete.
Mathematical blackletter characters are separately encoded in Unicode in the Mathematical alphanumeric symbols range at U+1D504-1D537 and U+1D56C-1D59F (bold), except for individual letters already encoded in the Letterlike Symbols range (plus long s at U+017F).
This block of characters should be used only for setting mathematical text, as mathematical texts use blackletter symbols contrastively to other letter styles.
For stylized blackletter prose, the normal Latin letters should be used, with font choice or other markup used to indicate blackletter styling.
He served as Mayor of Marbella between 1991 and 2002, and presided for a 16-year tenure as president of the Spanish football club Atlético Madrid.
A subsequent investigation showed that the cement in the new building had not yet set, and the whole project had been completed without use of Architects, surveyors, or plans.
In 1987, Gil was elected president at football side Atlético Madrid (his first signing was that of 21-year-old Portuguese winger Paulo Futre), where he initiated a volatile relationship with fans, reporters, players and head coaches.
He installed a bust of Francisco Franco in the town hall and was known for walking the streets of the town shouting abuse at prostitutes and homeless people.
In April 2002, he was banned for 28 years from holding public office, forced to stand down as mayor and briefly imprisoned.
On 9 May 2004 he suffered a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in his finca in Valdeolivas and died in Madrid in 14 May at the age of 71.
Gil was famous and controversial for his extreme social and political views, summed up in a unique brand of foulmouthed, low-brow populism punctuated by self-aggrandizing, sexist, homophobic, racist, xenophobic and otherwise derogatory remarks and, occasionally, by pre-democratic nostalgia.
The Málaga coastline, effectively under the area of economic and political influence of the Gil family, became a popular residence for British, Italian, and Russian gangsters while he was mayor, as well as a haven for former national socialists either awaiting or avoiding extradition, such as Otto Remer and Léon Degrelle.
Crime rates and open manifestations of poverty decreased dramatically during the first years of his administration but this apparent success was obtained at the expense of civil liberties, including the beatings of delinquents and prostitutes, deportation of foreigners with low incomes, handouts of money to homeless people in exchange for leaving town, etc.
The subsequent apparent improvement in the lifestyle of a segment of the population was cited as a main reason for his re-election.
In computer chess, a chess engine is a computer program that analyzes chess or chess variant positions, and generates a move or list of moves that it regards as strongest.
Engines are usually used with a front end, a windowed graphical user interface such as Chessbase or WinBoard that the user can interact with via a keyboard, mouse or touchscreen.
This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.
In his characterization, commercial chess programs were low in price, had fancy graphics, but did not place high on the SSDF (Swedish Chess Computer Association) rating lists while engines were more expensive, and did have high ratings.
Tim's answer formed the basis for what became known as the Chess Engine Communication Protocol or Winboard engines, originally a subset of the GNU Chess command line interface.
Soon after, they added the engines Junior and Shredder to their product line up, including engines in CB protocol as separate programs which could be installed in the Chessbase program or one of the other Fritz style GUI's.
In 2000, Stefan Meyer-Kahlen and Franz Huber released the Universal Chess Interface, a more detailed protocol that introduced a wider set of features.
This is partly due to the increase in processing power that enables calculations to be made to ever greater depths in a given time.
In addition, programming techniques have improved, enabling the engines to be more selective in the lines that they analyze and to acquire a better positional understanding.
Since these positions are pre-computed, the engine merely plays one of the indicated moves in the database, thereby saving compute time, resulting in stronger, more rapid play.
Each position is conclusively determined as a win, loss, or draw for the player whose turn it is to move, and the number of moves to the end with best play by both sides.
The tablebase identifies for every position the move which will win the fastest against an optimal defense, or the move that will lose the slowest against an optimal offense.
Such tablebases are available for all chess endgames with seven pieces or fewer (trivial endgame positions are excluded, such as six white pieces versus a lone black king).
When the maneuvering in an ending to achieve an irreversible improvement takes more moves than the horizon of calculation of a chess engine, an engine is not guaranteed to find the best move without the use of an endgame tablebase, and in many cases can fall foul of the fifty-move rule as a result.
In 2013, the developers of the Stockfish chess playing program started using distributed computing to make improvements in the software code.
, a total of more than 745 years of CPU time has been used to play more than 485 million chess games, with the results being used to make small and incremental improvements to the chess-playing software.
By the late 1990s, the top engines had become so strong that few players stood a chance of winning a game against them.
In 2000, when Stefan Meyer-Kahlen and Franz Huber released the Universal Chess Interface protocol they included the parameters uci_limitstrength and uci_elo allowing engine authors to offer a variety of levels rated in accordance with Elo rating.
GUI's such as Shredder, Chess Assistant, Convekta Aquarium, Hiarcs Chess Explorer or Martin Blume's Arena have dropdown menus for setting the engine's uci_elo parameter.
The Fritz family GUI's, Chess Assistant and Aquarium also have independent means of limiting an engine's strength apparently based on an engine's ability to generate ranked lists of moves (called multipv for 'principle variation').
In fact, the number of games that need to be played between fairly evenly matched engines, in order to achieve significance, runs into the thousands and is, therefore, impractical within the framework of a tournament.
If an amateur engine wins a tournament or otherwise performs well (for example, Zappa in 2005), then it is quickly commercialized.
These ratings, although calculated by using the Elo system (or similar rating methods), have no direct relation to FIDE Elo ratings or to other chess federation ratings of human players.
Although very strong and open source, there are allegations from commercial software interests that they were derived from disassembled binary of Rybka.
Rybka in turn was accused of being based on Fruit, and in June 2011, the ICGA formally claimed Rybka was derived from Fruit and Crafty and banned Rybka from the International Computer Games Association World Computer Chess Championship, and revoked its previous victories (2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010).
Top chess engine ratings have been improving at about 20 ELO per year since the advent of the CCRL rating list in 2005, and the yearly increment does not appear to be decreasing.
With the Dec. 2017 debut of the AlphaZero chess engine, based on its spectacular record of success against Stockfish 8 giving it a speculative rating about 150 points higher or 3575, the question has been raised what the ELO rating would be of an engine that plays perfect chess.
Statistician and chessmaster Ken Regan estimates that over the human international (FIDE) player pool, that number might be 3600 ELO, though that number is not directly comparable to engine ratings.
However, the few man-machine matches played since 1997 have led theorists to recognize that some deflation in engine ratings has apparently occurred relative to human ELO scales, amounting to about 100 ELO points.
That means for example that a human would have to be rated 100 ELO points stronger than an engine to achieve comparable play.
The game lasted four months, ending after Kasparov's 62nd move when he announced a forced checkmate in 28 moves found with the computer program Deep Junior.
Some chess engines have been developed to play chess variants, adding the necessary code to simulate non-standard chess pieces, or to analyze play on non-standard boards.
ChessV and Fairy-Max, for example, are both capable of playing variants on a chessboard up to 12×8 in size, such as Capablanca Chess (10×8 board).
For larger boards however, there are few chess engines that can play effectively, and indeed chess games played on an unbounded chessboard (infinite chess) are virtually untouched by chess-playing software.
Tim Mann created it basically to provide a GUI for the GNU Chess engine, but after that, other engines such as Crafty appeared which used the Winboard protocol.
Eventually, the program Chessmaster included the option to import other Winboard engines in addition to the King engine which was included.
In 1995, Chessbase began offering the Fritz engine as a separate program within the Chessbase database program and within the Fritz GUI.
Soon after, they added the Junior and Shredder engines to their product line up, packaging them within the same GUI as was used for Fritz.
In the late 1990s, the Fritz GUI was able to run Winboard engines via an adapter, but after 2000, Chessbase simply added support for UCI engines, and no longer invested much effort in Winboard.
In 2000, Stefan Meyer-Kahlen started selling Shredder in a separate UCI GUI of his own design, allowing UCI or Winboard engines to be imported into it.
On Android, Aart Bik came out with Chess for Android, another free GUI, and Gerhard Kalab's Chess PGN Master and Peter Osterlund's Droidfish can also serve as GUIs for engines.
Hsu and Anantharaman entered ChipTest in the 1986 North American Computer Chess Championship, and it was only partially tested when the tournament began.
The new version had eliminated ChipTest's bugs and was ten times faster, searching 500,000 moves per second and running on a Sun-4 workstation.
ChipTest was invited to play in the 1987 American Open, but the team did not enter due to an objection by the HiTech team, also from Carnegie Mellon University.
Naval Gun Factory on 28 May, both caskets lay in state in the Capitol Rotunda until 30 May, after which they were interred in the Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington National Cemetery.
After seventeen hours, the submarine's commander, Captain Nikolai Shumkov, ordered the submarine - at this point running with reduced diesel power and minimal oxygen - to surface.
When the shipyard went bankrupt in 1993, she was resold to N. R. Acquisition Incorporated of New York City by the Massachusetts Bankruptcy Court and scrapped by Wilmington Resources of Wilmington in North Carolina in 1996.
Wŏnsan (), previously known as Wŏnsanjin (元山津), Port Lazarev, and Gensan (元山), is a port city and naval base located in Kangwŏn Province, North Korea, along the eastern side of the Korean Peninsula, on East Sea and the provincial capital.
Before the 19501953 Korean War, it fell within the jurisdiction of the then South Hamgyŏng province, and during the war it was the location of the Blockade of Wŏnsan.
The population of the city was estimated at 329,207 in 2013. Notable people from Wŏnsan include Kim Ki Nam, diplomat and Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party.
Having spent his childhood years there, Kim Jong-un has expressed significant interest in further developing the region, with the construction of new infrastructure such as Kalma Airport, a dual-use civilian international airport and military proving ground.
A state corporation, the Wonsan Zone Development Corporation, has been established with feasibility studies for a wide variety of hotels and commercial and industrial development.
Wonsan has also been known as Yonghunghang, Yuan shan in China, Genzan or Gensan in Japan, and Port Lazareva or Port Lazareff in Russia.
It is located in Kangwŏn Province, on the westernmost part of the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea) and the east end of the Korean peninsula's neck.
In 1914 the P'yŏngwŏn and Kyŏngwŏn railway lines were opened, connecting the city to P'yŏngyang (then known as Heijo) and Seoul (then Keijo or Kyŏngsŏng).
Under the Japanese occupation, the city was heavily industrialized and served as an import point in the distribution of trade between Korea and mainland Japan.
After the Korean War broke out it was captured by American and South Korean troops on 10 October 1950 during their drive north.
According to the official US Navy history Wŏnsan was under continuous siege and bombardment by the American navy from March 1951 until July 27, 1953, making it the longest siege in modern American naval history.
Kim Jong-un announced in 2015 plans for a $582 million redevelopment of the city centre, which is to be entirely demolished and rebuilt.
Wŏnsan has an aquatic product processing factory, shipyard, chemistry enterprise, a cement factory, as well as the 4 June Rolling Stock Works, which is one of the DPRK's largest railway rolling stock factories.
The district of Wŏnsan-si is served by several stations on the Kangwŏn Line of the Korean State Railway, including a branch to the port; it is also connected to the national road network, and is the terminus of the P'yŏngyang-Wŏnsan Tourist Motorway and the Wŏnsan-Kŭmgangsan Highway.
Images from Google Earth from July and August 2014 indicated that major expansion was taking place, including the construction of two new runways.
Wŏnsan was also the terminus of the Mangyongbong-92 ferry that operated between Wŏnsan and Niigata, which was the only direct connection between Japan and North Korea.
Wŏnsan is home to Songdowŏn University, Kŭmgang University, Tonghae University, Jong Jun Thaek University of Economics, Wŏnsan University of Medicine, Jo Gun Sil University of Engineering, Wŏnsan First University of Education, Ri Su Dok University, and the Maritime Patrol Academy, the commissioned officer's training school of the Korean People's Navy.
The city is home to Unp'asan Sports Club, an association football club that plays in the DPR Korea First Class Sports Group, North Korea's premier league.
Announced in 2014, the Wonsan Special Tourist Zone is to cover more than 400 square km and boasts 40 historical relics, 10 sand beaches, 680 tourist attractions, four mineral springs and several bathing resorts and natural lakes.
Christian William Anthony Katterfelto (known as Gustavus) arrived at Hull in September 1776 and traveled around Britain until his death in 1799.
The widespread flu epidemic of 1782 made him famous as a quack, when he used a solar microscope to show images of microbes he believed were its cause.
He claimed to have launched the first hot air balloon fifteen years before the Montgolfier brothers, and claimed to be the greatest natural philosopher since Isaac Newton.
A prophet and a madman, he was introduced into Arthurian legend by Geoffrey of Monmouth as Merlin the wizard, associated with the town of Carmarthen in South Wales.
In Middle Welsh poetry he is accounted a chief bard, the speaker of several poems in The Black Book of Carmarthen and The Red Book of Hergest.
Although his legend centres on a known Celtic theme, Myrddin's legend is rooted in history, for he is said to have gone mad after the Battle of Arfderydd at Arthuret at which Rhydderch Hael of Strathclyde defeated Gwenddoleu.
Scholars differ as to the independence or identity of Lailoken and Myrddin, though there is more agreement as to Myrddin's original independence from later Welsh legends.
Myrddin's grave is reputed to lie near the River Tweed in the village of Drumelzier near Peebles, although nothing remains above ground level at the site.
The earliest (pre-12th century) Welsh poems about the Myrddin legend present him as a madman living an existence in the Caledonian Forest.
There he ruminates on his former existence and the disaster of the death of his lord Gwenddoleu, whom he served as bard.
The poems sketch the events of the Battle of Arfderydd, where Riderch Hael, King of Alt Clut (Strathclyde) slaughtered the forces of Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio, and Myrddin went mad watching this defeat.
This battle, the subsequent assassination of Urien Rheged and the defeat of the Gododdin at Catraeth are cited as reasons for the collapse of the alliance of early British kingdoms in the north before the Angles, Scots and Picts.
He appears several times more in the narrative until at last asking St. Kentigern for the Sacrament, prophesying that he was about to die a triple death.
After some hesitation, the saint grants the madman's wish, and later that day the shepherds of King Meldred capture him, beat him with clubs, then cast him into the river Tweed where his body is pierced by a stake, thus fulfilling his prophecy.
Welsh literature has examples of a prophetic literature, predicting the military victory of all of the Celtic peoples of Great Britain who will join together and drive the English – and later the Normans – back into the sea.
In this work, however, he constructed an account of Merlin's life that placed him in the time of Aurelius Ambrosius and King Arthur, decades before the lifetime of Myrddin Wyllt.
He also attached to him an episode originally ascribed to Ambrosius, and others that appear to be of his own invention.
The Amps were an American alternative rock band formed by Kim Deal in 1995, while her band the Breeders went on hiatus.
The group consisted of Deal, on lead vocals and rhythm guitar; Luis Lerma on bass; Nate Farley on lead guitar; and Jim Macpherson of the Breeders on drums.
The group was named when Kim Deal started calling herself Tammy Ampersand for fun, and the band Tammy and the Amps.
The group toured the United States, Europe, and Australia, with bands including the Foo Fighters, Sonic Youth, and Guided by Voices.
By 2000, Macpherson, Lerma, and Farley had left the band; they were all at times involved in various projects with Guided by Voices' Robert Pollard.
By late 1994, after two years of straight touring and recording, and culminating in the Lollapalooza tour, the band members were exhausted; they decided to take some time off from the Breeders, but this hiatus ended up being longer than expected.
Kelley was arrested on drug charges in late 1994 and spent time in and out of rehabilitation, while Wiggs became involved in musical projects in New York, including collaborations with members of Luscious Jackson.
At first, she envisioned her next album as a solo record, on which she would play all of the instrument parts.
When she was recording initial demos for the project, she asked Kelley to play on some of them, to distract her from her drug difficulties.
This recording opportunity came about when she was producing a planned record by Guided by Voices; when that group abandoned work on their album, Deal used the leftover studio time for her own songs.
They toured with Guided by Voices and Chavez in the United Kingdom in September, in cities such as Sheffield, Glasgow, Brighton, and London; Chrissie Hynde of the Pretenders attended the London concert as a birthday present to herself, and afterwards came backstage to meet Deal.
The Amps performed a series of US concerts in October and November with Sonic Youth, among which were shows in Detroit and Chicago with Helium, in Seattle and Portland with Bikini Kill, and in Los Angeles with Mike Watt.
Following the concerts with Sonic Youth, the Amps did a tour of Europe, including a performance in London on December 7.
That year, the Amps toured with the Foo Fighters in the United States, in locations such as Chicago (with That Dog), Worcester, Massachusetts, and Austin, Texas (with Jawbreaker), as well as playing one more concert with Guided By Voices, in early March in Newport, Kentucky.
At this show, Deal had a permanent falling-out with Robert Pollard when Guided By Voices unintentionally used up all the soundcheck time.
Later in 1996, Deal changed the name of the group back to the Breeders, originally with almost the same line-up as the Amps.
Until then, Deal had been waiting for Wiggs and Kelley to rejoin the Breeders and record a new album together, and had held back from reforming the Breeders out of respect for them.
In May 1996, Wiggs revealed that she would not be involved in any immediate Breeders activity; Kelley also chose to stay in Saint Paul, to be close to her rehabilitation facility.
Deal then decided that she did not want to wait any longer to reform the group, partly because the Breeders' repertoire was larger than the Amps', thereby allowing longer concerts.
Meanwhile, Macpherson was a member of Guided by Voices from 1998 to 2001, and participated in other projects with Guided By Voices' Robert Pollard until 2005.
Lerma and Farley have been members of the Tasties, and in 1999 participated in Pollard's Lexo and the Leapers side project group; Farley was also a member of Guided by Voices from 1999 to 2004.
Crafty is a chess program written by UAB professor Dr. Robert Hyatt, with continual development and assistance from Michael Byrne, Tracy Riegle, and Peter Skinner.
In the World Computer Chess Championships 2004, running on slightly faster hardware than all other programs, Crafty took fourth place with the same number of points as the third-place finisher, Fritz 8.
Crafty pioneered the use of rotated bitboard data structures to represent the chess board, and was one of the first chess programs to support multiple processors.
It also includes negascout search, the killer move heuristic, static exchange evaluation, quiescence search, alpha-beta pruning, a transposition table, a refutation table, an evaluation cache, selective extensions, recursive null-move search, and many other features (cf manual).
She was named for Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix USN (1892–1943), who was killed in action during World War II, when the aircraft carrier was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine and sank southwest of Butaritari Island on 24 November 1943.
The Gemini Observatory is an astronomical observatory consisting of two 8.1-metre (26.6 ft) telescopes, Gemini North and Gemini South, which are located at two separate sites in Hawaii and Chile, respectively.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) of the United States, the National Research Council of Canada, CONICYT of Chile, MCTI of Brazil, and MCTIP of Argentina own and operate the Gemini Observatory.
The NSF is currently (2017) the majority partner, contributing approximately 70% of the funding needed to operate and maintain both telescopes.
The operations and maintenance of the observatory is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), through a cooperative agreement with NSF.
The Gemini telescopes house a suite of modern instruments, offer superb performance in the optical and near-infrared, and employ sophisticated adaptive optics technology to compensate for the blurring effects of the Earth's atmosphere.
Gemini is a world-leader in wide-field adaptive optics assisted infrared imaging, and has recently commissioned the Gemini Planet Imager, an instrument that allows researchers to directly image and analyze exoplanets that are a millionth as bright as the host star around which they orbit.
Gemini continues to support research in almost all areas of modern astronomy, including the Solar System, exoplanets, star formation and evolution, the structure and dynamics of galaxies, supermassive black holes, distant quasars, and the structure of the Universe on the largest scales.
The UK dropped out of the partnership at the end of 2012 and the Gemini Observatory has responded to the loss of funding by significantly reducing its operating costs, streamlining its operations, and implementing energy savings measures at each site.
The Gemini Observatory's international Headquarters and Northern Operations Center is located in Hilo, Hawaii at the University of Hawaii at Hilo University Park.
Together, the two telescopes cover almost all of the sky except for two areas near the celestial poles: Gemini North cannot point north of declination +89 degrees, and Gemini South cannot point south of declination −89 degrees.
Both Gemini telescopes employ a range of technologies to provide world-leading performance in optical and near-infrared astronomy, including laser guide stars, adaptive optics, multi conjugate adaptive optics, and multi-object spectroscopy.
In addition, very high-quality infrared observations are possible due to the advanced protected silver coating applied to each telescope's mirrors, the small secondary mirrors in use (resulting in an f16 focal ratio), and the advanced ventilation systems installed at each site.
It is estimated that the two telescopes cost approximately US$184 million to construct, and a night on each Gemini telescope is worth tens of thousands of U.S. dollars.
This makes instruments like high resolution spectrographs and adaptive optics systems much more difficult to construct, due to the size and mass requirement inherent with Cassegrain instruments.
A further challenge in designing large instruments is the requirement to have a specific mass and center-of-mass position to maintain the overall balance of the telescope.
In November 2007 it was announced that the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) had proposed that, to save £4 million annually, it would aim to leave the telescope's operating consortium.
At a consortium meeting in January 2008, the conclusion was made that the UK would officially withdraw from the Gemini Partnership and the Gemini Observatory Agreement effective February 28, 2007.
This decision significantly disrupted observatory budgets, and resulted in the cancellation of at least one instrument in development at that time, the Precision Radial Velocity Spectrograph.
The UK rethought their decision to withdraw from Gemini, and requested reinstatement into the agreement, and were officially welcomed back on February 27, 2008.
However, in December 2009 it was announced that the UK would indeed leave the Gemini partnership in 2012, as well as terminating several other international science partnerships, due to continuing funding limitations.
The first director of Gemini was Matt Mountain, who after holding the post for eleven years left in September 2005 to become director of Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI).
He was succeeded by Jean-René Roy, who served for nine months, after which time Doug Simons held the directorship from June 2006 to May 2011.
He in turn was succeeded by an interim appointment of the then-retired Fred Chaffee, former director of W. M. Keck Observatory.
The Board sets budgetary policy bounds for the Observatory and carries out broad oversight functions, with advice from a Science and Technology Advisory sub-Committee (the STAC) and a Finance sub-Committee.
The U.S. members of the Board typically serve three year terms and are recruited and nominated by the National Science Foundation (NSF), which represents the US community in all aspects of Gemini operations and development.
Gemini is currently managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., on behalf of the partnership through an award from NSF.
NSF has one seat on the Gemini Board; an additional NSF staff member serves as the Executive Secretary to the board.
The Program Officer monitors operations and development activities at the Observatory, nominates U.S. scientists to Gemini advisory committees, conducts reviews on behalf of the partnership, and approves funding actions, reports, and contracts.
Gemini-N routinely uses the ALTAIR system, built in Canada, which achieves a 30%-45% Strehl ratio on a 22.5-arcsecond-square field and can feed NIRI, NIFS or GNIRS; it can use natural or laser guide stars.
At Gemini-S the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS) may be used with the FLAMINGOS-2 near-infrared imager and spectrometry, or the Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI), which provides uniform, diffraction-limited image quality to arcminute-scale fields of view.
Using a constellation of five laser guide stars, it achieved FWHM of 0.08 arc-seconds in H band over a field of 87 arc-seconds square.
An adaptive secondary mirror has been considered for Gemini, which would provide reasonable adaptive-optics corrections (equivalent to natural seeing at the 20th-percentile level for 80% of the time) to all instruments on the telescope to which it is attached.
Because Gemini-N and Gemini-S are essentially identical, the observatory is able to move instruments between the two sites, and does so on a regular basis.
Built in Edinburgh, Scotland by the UK Astronomy Technology Centre, these instruments provide multi-object spectroscopy, long-slit spectroscopy, imaging, and integral field spectroscopy at optical wavelengths.
The detectors in each instrument have recently been upgraded with Hamamatsu Photonics devices, which significantly improve performance in the far red part of the optical spectrum (700–1,000 nm).
GPI was built by a consortium of US and Canadian institutions to fulfill the requirements of the ExAOC Extreme Adaptive Optics Coronagraph proposal.
Instruments may be brought to either telescope for short periods of time and used for specific observing programs by the instrument teams.
In return for access to Gemini, the instruments are then made available to the entire Gemini community, so that they may be used for other science projects.
Instruments that have made use of this program include the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument (DSSI), the Phoenix near-infrared echelle spectrometer, and the TEXES mid-infrared spectrometer.
The first phase of Gemini instrumentation development did not run smoothly; schedules slipped by several years, and budgets sometimes overran by as much as a factor of two.
In 2003 the instrument-development process was re-analysed in the Aspen report; for example, an incentive program was introduced where instrument developers were guaranteed substantial allocations of telescope time if they delivered the instrument on time and lose it as the instrument is delayed.
A wide-field multi-object spectrograph achieved substantial scientific support, but would have required major changes to the design of the telescope - effectively it would have required one of the telescopes to be devoted to that instrument.
This process has since resulted in the development of a high-resolution optical spectrograph known as GHOST, to be commissioned in 2018.
More recently, the Gemini Instrument Feasibility Studies (GIFS) process has led to a solicitation for a medium-resolution, wide-band (350 nm to 2.5 µm in a single exposure) spectrograph.
Proposals have been received and a contract is expected to be placed in early 2017, with development to begin shortly thereafter.
The Gemini Observatory's primary mission is to serve the general astronomical communities in all of the participant countries; indeed, the Observatory provides the bulk of general access to large optical/infrared telescopes for many of the participants, and represents the only public-access 8 meter class facility in the U.S.
The observatory reaches out to its community through National Gemini Offices (NGOs), the U.S. office being located in Tucson at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory.
In any given year the two telescopes typically provided data for over 400 discrete science projects, over two-thirds of which are led by U.S. astronomers.
Of order 90 percent of the available (clear weather) time is used for science, the rest being allocated to scheduled maintenance or lost to unforeseen technical faults.
These include the ‘Large and Long’ program to support requests for large amounts of telescope time and the ‘Fast Turnaround’ program to provide quick access to the telescope.
These and other modes have been approved by the Gemini Board of Directors and are proving popular with the user community.
In 2015 up to 20 percent of available telescope time was used for Large and Long programs, which in terms of hours of observing attracted five times more user demand than could be accommodated.
In the same period approximately 10 percent of telescope time was assigned to the Fast Turnaround program, which in the second half of 2015 was over-subscribed by a factor of 1.6.
In 2015 the remaining U.S. time allocation on Gemini was over-subscribed by a factor of approximately 2, consistent with recent years.
In 2010, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) conducted its sixth decadal survey in astronomy and astrophysics to recommend key science questions and new initiatives for the current decade.
Since both the NRC recommendations and current programs could not be accommodated within subsequent budget projections, the National Science Foundation's Division of Astronomical Sciences, through the Advisory Committee of the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS), conducted a community-based portfolio review to make implementation recommendations that would best respond to the decadal survey science questions.
The resulting report, Advancing Astronomy in the Coming Decade: Opportunities and Challenges, was released in August 2012 and included recommendations related to all of the major telescope facilities funded by NSF.
The Portfolio Review Committee report ranked Gemini Observatory as a critical component of the U.S.'s future astronomical research resources and recommended that the U.S. retain a majority share in the international partnership for at least the next several years.
However, given the constraints that were considered, the Committee recommended that the U.S. contribution to Gemini operations be capped in 2017 and beyond.
The report made a recommendation that NSF work with its partners in Gemini to ensure that Gemini-South is well positioned for faint-object spectroscopy early in the era of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
With the signing of the new International Agreement in late 2015, support from the five signatories (the U.S., Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) is secured for the period 2016-2021.
There is also a strong possibility that current limited-term partners, Australia and Korea, will continue their relationship with the observatory in this manner, or will seek to transition to being full participants before the end of the current agreement.
The Coulter pine or big-cone pine, Pinus coulteri, is a native of the coastal mountains of Southern California and northern Baja California (Mexico).
Coulter pines produce the largest cones of any pine tree species (people are actually advised to wear hardhats when working in Coulter pine groves), although the slender cones of the sugar pine are longer.
The Coulter pine occurs in a number of forest plant associations; for example, At higher elevations forestation of the San Jacinto Mountains Coulter Pine is co-dominant with the California black oak.
She was commissioned 3 July 1958 and transited the Panama Canal a few months later to begin a long career with the Pacific Fleet.
During October and November 1962 the destroyer escorted Pacific-based amphibious forces to the Panama Canal Zone as part of the US Navy's Cuban Missile Crisis operations.
During her major overhaul in 1974-75, her forward 5 in/54 Mark 42 gun mount was replaced with an 8 in/55 Mark 71 gun mount.
The ship carried the Mark 71 mounting during her 1976-77 and 1978 deployments to the Western Pacific, and conducted more firing tests during that time.
The test was designed around a Harpoon missile fired from a Lockheed S-3B Viking, but many different weapons were used throughout the exercise.
Her home port was Long Beach, California and she initially served in the Western Pacific/Far East, operating particularly in the Taiwan Strait and off the coast of Vietnam.
Her exceptionally meritorious service in 1964 in the Gulf of Tonkin was recognized with the first of three Navy Unit Commendations.
During the following years she was shelled by North Vietnamese land forces, and apparently received friendly fire from the US Air Force.
She was decommissioned in 1988, but the following year became a museum ship at the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum in New York.
Returning to Navy lay-up in 2004, it was agreed in 2012 that she should again become a museum ship, at Bay City, Michigan.
She reached Naval Station Long Beach, California, her home port, on 2 March, and through the remainder of the year perfected her readiness with exercises along the west coast.
On 5 January 1960, she sailed from Long Beach for her first deployment in the Far East, during which she patrolled in the Taiwan Straits and took part in amphibious operations off Okinawa, and exercises of various types off Japan.
The end of May and the months of June and July 1964 were filled with carrier operations, Gunfire Support Training in the Philippines, and operation LICTAS, a joint SEATO operation off the coast of the Philippines.
It was here she was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for exceptionally meritorious service in support of operations in the Gulf of Tonkin during the period 2–5 August 1964.
On her fifth deployment in 1967, she received a hit from a North Vietnamese shore battery while providing a naval gunfire support mission.
On 17 June 1968 she apparently took friendly fire from the US Air Force, along with several other U.S. and Australian ships.
The fire was caused by the ignition of oil which was spraying from a rupture in a lube oil gauge line.
In 2004 the ship was towed to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where hull repairs were completed, and then towed back to the Philadelphia Inactive Ships Maintenance Facility for storage.
The consonant inventory of Shoshoni is rather small, but a much wider range of surface forms of these phonemes appear in the spoken language.
Shoshoni is a strongly suffixing language, and it inflects for nominal number and case and for verbal aspect and tense using suffixes.
Shoshoni is the northernmost member of the large Uto-Aztecan language family, which includes nearly sixty living languages, spoken in the Western United States down through Mexico and into El Salvador.
Timbisha, or Panamint, is spoken in southeastern California by members of the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe, but it is considered a distinct language from Shoshoni.
The Comanche split from the Shoshone around 1700, and consonant changes over the past few centuries have limited mutual intelligibility of Comanche and Shoshoni.
Principal dialects of Shoshoni are Western Shoshoni in Nevada, Gosiute in western Utah, Northern Shoshoni in southern Idaho and northern Utah, and Eastern Shoshoni in Wyoming.
In the early 21st century, fluent speakers number only several hundred to a few thousand people, while an additional population of about 1,000 know the language to some degree but are not fluent.
As of 2012, Idaho State University offers elementary, intermediate, and conversational Shoshoni language classes, in a 20-year project to preserve the language.
Shoshoni youth serve as interns, assisting with digitization of Shoshoni language recordings and documentation from the Wick R. Miller collection, in order to make the materials available for tribal members.
In addition, there is the common diphthong , which functions as a simple vowel and varies rather freely with ; however, certain morphemes always contain and others always contain .
Primary stress usually falls on the first syllable (more specifically, the first mora) of a word; however, primary stress tends to fall on the second syllable if that syllable is long.
If stress falls on the second mora in a long vowel, the stress is transferred to the first mora in the long vowel and mora counting continues from there.
The absolutive suffix is normally dropped when the noun is the first element in a compound, when the noun is followed by a suffix or postposition, or when the noun is incorporated into a verb.
For example, if the subject is an unstressed pronoun then it is grammatical for the subject to follow the object of the sentence.
The basic order of constituent morphemes in Shoshoni verbs is as follows: (Valence) - (Instrumental) - Stem - (Causative/Benefactive) - (Secondary Verb) - (Directional) - (Prefinal Aspect) - (Aspect) - (Imperative) - (Number) - (Subordination)Any verb form must include a verb stem, but other prefixes and suffixes may not be present, depending on the particular verb form.
Relative clauses tend to share the same head noun as the main clause, and the case of this noun must agree in both clauses.
However, when the subject of the relative clause is not the head noun of the main clause, the subject of the relative clause takes the possessive case and a different set of verbal suffixes are used; the head noun may be deleted from the relative clause altogether.
Shoshoni exhibits switch reference, in which a non-relative, subordinate clause is marked when its subject is a pronoun that differs from the subject of the main clause.
Among the Shoshone, there are conflicting views on whether Shoshoni should be written at all: traditionalists advocate to keep Shoshoni an oral language, better protected from outsiders who might exploit the language; meanwhile, progressives argue that writing the language down will better preserve it and make it useful today.
The Crum-Miller system and the Idaho State University system (or Gould system) are the two main Shoshoni writing systems currently in use.
This orthography was developed in the 1960s by Beverly Crum, a Shoshone elder and linguist, and Wick Miller, a non-Native anthropologist and linguist.
The newer Idaho State system was developed by Shoshone elder Drusilla Gould and non-Native linguist Christopher Loether, and it is used more commonly in southern Idaho.
Compared to the Crum-Miller system, the Idaho State system is more phonetic, with spellings more closely reflecting the surface pronunciations of words, but lacking the deeper phonemic information the Crum-Miller system provides.
The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) is an image of a small region of space in the constellation Fornax, containing an estimated 10,000 galaxies.
The original release was combined from Hubble Space Telescope data accumulated over a period from September 24, 2003, through to January 16, 2004.
Looking back approximately 13 billion years (between 400 and 800 million years after the Big Bang) it has been used to search for galaxies that existed at that time.
The HUDF image was taken in a section of the sky with a low density of bright stars in the near-field, allowing much better viewing of dimmer, more distant objects.
In August and September 2009, the HUDF field was observed at longer wavelengths (1.0 to 1.6 µm) using the infrared channel of the recently attached Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument.
Located southwest of Orion in the southern-hemisphere constellation Fornax, the rectangular image is 2.4 arcminutes to an edge, or 3.4 arcminutes diagonally.
This is approximately one tenth of the angular diameter of a full moon viewed from Earth (which is less than 34 arcminutes), smaller than 1 sq.
mm piece of paper held at 1 meter away, and equal to roughly one twenty-six-millionth of the total area of the sky.
The XDF reveals galaxies that span back 13.2 billion years in time, revealing a galaxy theorized to be formed only 450 million years after the big bang event.
On June 3, 2014, NASA released the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image composed of, for the first time, the full range of ultraviolet to near-infrared light.
On January 23, 2019, the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias released an even deeper version of the infrared images of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field obtained with the WFC3 instrument, named the ABYSS Hubble Ultra Deep Field.
The new images improve the previous reduction of the WFC3/IR images, including careful sky background subtraction around the largest galaxies on the field of view.
In the years since the original Hubble Deep Field, the Hubble Deep Field South and the GOODS sample were analyzed, providing increased statistics at the high redshifts probed by the HDF.
When the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) detector was installed on the HST, it was realized that an ultra-deep field could observe galaxy formation out to even higher redshifts than had currently been observed, as well as providing more information about galaxy formation at intermediate redshifts (z~2).
At the workshop Massimo Stiavelli advocated an Ultra Deep Field as a way to study the objects responsible for the reionization of the Universe.
Following the workshop, the STScI Director Steven Beckwith decided to devote 400 orbits of Director's Discretionary time to the UDF and appointed Stiavelli as the lead of the Home Team implementing the observations.
The earlier observations, using the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) camera, were able to take advantage of the increased observing time on these zones by using wavelengths with higher noise to observe at times when earthshine contaminated the observations; however ACS does not observe at these wavelengths, so the advantage was reduced.
As with the earlier fields, this one was required to contain very little emission from our galaxy, with little Zodiacal dust.
The field was also required to be in a range of declinations such that it could be observed both by southern hemisphere instruments, such as the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, and northern hemisphere ones, such as those located on Hawaii.
It was ultimately decided to observe a section of the Chandra Deep Field South, due to existing deep X-ray observations from Chandra X-ray Observatory and two interesting objects already observed in the GOODS sample at the same location: a redshift 5.8 galaxy and a supernova.
The field is 200 arcseconds to a side, with a total area of 11 square arcminutes, and lies in the constellation of Fornax.
Four filters were used on the ACS, centered on 435, 606, 775 and 850 nm, with exposure times set to give equal sensitivity in all filters.
In order to get the best resolution possible, the observations were dithered by pointing the telescope at slightly different positions for each exposure—a process trialled with the Hubble Deep Field—so that the final image has a higher resolution than the pixels on their own would normally allow.
The observations were done in two sessions, from September 23 to October 28, 2003, and December 4, 2003, to January 15, 2004.
The total exposure time is just under 1 million seconds, from 400 orbits, with a typical exposure time of 1200 seconds.
In total, 800 ACS exposures were taken over the course of 11.3 days, 2 every orbit, and NICMOS observed for 4.5 days.
All the individual ACS exposures were processed and combined by Anton Koekemoer into a single set of scientifically useful images, each with a total exposure time ranging from 134,900 seconds to 347,100 seconds.
The deep NICMOS fields obtained in parallel to the ACS images could in principle be used to detect galaxies at redshift 7 or higher but they were lacking visible band images of similar depth.
In order to obtain deep visible exposures on top of the NICMOS parallel fields a follow-up program, HUDF05, was approved and granted 204 orbits to observe the two parallel fields (GO-10632).
The orientation of the HST was chosen so that further NICMOS parallel images would fall on top of the main UDF field.
The HUDF is the deepest image of the universe ever taken and has been used to search for galaxies that existed between 400 and 800 million years after the Big Bang (redshifts between 7 and 12).
The field imaged by the ACS contains over 10,000 objects, the majority of which are galaxies, many at redshifts greater than 3, and some that probably have redshifts between 6 and 7.
The HUDF has revealed high rates of star formation during the very early stages of galaxy formation, within a billion years after the Big Bang.
It has also enabled improved characterization of the distribution of galaxies, their numbers, sizes and luminosities at different epochs, aiding investigation into the evolution of galaxies.
Galaxies at high redshifts have been confirmed to be smaller and less symmetrical than ones at lower redshifts, illuminating the rapid evolution of galaxies in the first couple of billion years after the Big Bang.
The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (HXDF), released on September 25, 2012, is an image of a portion of space in the center of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field image.
Representing a total of two million seconds (approximately 23 days) of exposure time collected over 10 years, the image covers an area of 2.3 arcminutes by 2 arcminutes, or approximately 80% of the area of the HUDF.
Many of the smaller galaxies in the image are very young galaxies that eventually developed into major galaxies, similar to the Milky Way and other galaxies in our galactic neighborhood.
On 1 June 1959, the destroyer sailed from Boston, Mass., to Newport, R.I., before departing the United States five days later for her maiden voyage which took her - via Argentia, Newfoundland - to the ports of northern Europe.
She arrived at her home port, San Diego, Calif., on 27 July and conducted shakedown training along the California coast for the next six weeks.
She underwent final acceptance trials on 17 September; then, completed just over a month of overhaul from 1 October until 8 November.
In all, she deployed to the western Pacific four times during this period, remaining on the west coast in 1962 and 1964.
Her first three tours in the Far East were relatively uneventful, peacetime assignments, consisting of 7th Fleet operations and exercises with units of the navies of the SEATO allies of the United States.
During her fourth tour of duty with the 7th Fleet, the destroyer saw her first wartime operations as American involvement in the Vietnam War escalated.
She plied the waters of the Tonkin Gulf, plane guarding for , , and as their aircraft pounded enemy supply lines in North Vietnam.
She arrived in San Diego on 12 August and, after a month of leave and upkeep, she resumed normal operations along the west coast.
She continued to be so engaged until 11 April 1966 when she entered San Francisco Naval Shipyard to begin conversion to a guided missile destroyer.
Her conversion was completed on 16 May 1968, and she departed Hunters Point the next day for her new home port, Long Beach, Calif. For the rest of 1968 and most of 1969, the guided-missile destroyer ranged the west coast from Mexico to the state of Washington, conducting trials and exercises.
After an availability period and an extended leave and upkeep period, the guided-missile destroyer embarked 35 Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps midshipmen for five weeks training during PACMIDTRARON 70.
She resumed operations out of her homeport until 13 November when she got underway for another deployment to the western Pacific.
During that time, she plane guarded the carriers on six occasions, rendered naval gunfire support on three, and once stood watch on the northern search and rescue station.
In between line periods, she visited Keelung, Taiwan; Hong Kong; Singapore; and Penang, Malaysia, in addition to putting in periodically at the naval station at Subic Bay.
She cleared the Gulf of Tonkin on 4 May, headed back to the United States, and made Long Beach on the 23d.
The overhaul lasted until 3 December and, following that, she went into a period of restricted availability which carried her through 31 December.
She cruised with the aircraft carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin five times during this deployment, rendered naval gunfire support three times, and stood duty on the south Talos station and PIRAZ station once each.
On 15 October 1973, SOMERS arrived at her new homeport, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, en route to her eighth Western Pacific deployment.
The months following her return to sea were devoted to Engineering, Operations and Weapons System shakedown, tests and ultimate certifications which demonstrated her worthiness to return to Fleet Service.
In early 1981, SOMERS joined Battle Group Charlie and participated in READIEX 5-81 in preparation for the Battle Group s deployment.
During her eleventh and final deployment, SOMERS operated primarily in the Indian Ocean and made port calls in Guam, the Philippines, Diego Garcia, Bunbury Australia, Maldive Islands and Singapore.
After returning from this deployment, she was preparing for more operations, when preparations were cut short by the notice that she was to be decommissioned.
During her service, USS SOMERS earned two Marjorie Sterrett Battleship awards, a meritorious Unit Commendation, three Battle Efficiency E awards and presently wears departmental excellence awards.for Supply, Gunnery, Missiles, ASW, CIC, Communications, Electronic Warfare and Damage Control.
; launched 23 May 1958; sponsored by Miss Edwina R. Morton; and commissioned 26 May 1959 at North Charleston, SC; Commander John M. DeLargy in command.
After a training cruise in the Caribbean, she proceeded to the West Coast, arriving NS San Diego, Calif., 20 October 1959.
Departing San Diego 3 April, she reported for one month's duty in the Formosa Patrol, during which time she participated in Operation Handclasp, carrying food, medicine, and clothing to the less fortunate people of free China.
She returned to San Diego 28 September 1961, and continued operations off the West Coast, until sailing 13 November 1962 for another WestPac deployment.
She spent the next several months screening aircraft carriers after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident before returning to the West Coast 6 February 1965.
After enduring serious boiler problems in the Philippines in the spring of 1974 she underwent an overhaul in Pearl Harbor in 1975 and was active in mainly local operations in 1976.
During this cruise, the warship participated in ASW exercises off Taiwan and sailed into the Indian Ocean to visit Kenya and Iran, before returning home on 28 September.
She deployed again on 11 September 1978, operating off Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, before sailing for home on 7 March 1979.
Her name was struck from the Navy List on 7 February 1990 and the ship was sold to Southwest Recycling, Inc., Terminal Island, Calif., for scrapping on 17 March 1992.
During the scrapping process, the commercial diving crew responsible for removing the struts, shafts and wheels of the Morton set the current (as of 2007) world record for the thickest piece of steel cut underwater by means of an ultra-thermic torch.
While cutting the starboard shaft, it was discovered that the Morton's shafts deviated from the blueprints provided to Southwest Marine & Recycling.
It is believed the shafts deviated from specifications because of material shortages, requiring use of an inferior alloy, but this has not been confirmed.
The following year, on August 11, the Edwards, was refueling alongside the USS Bennington, an aircraft carrier, when the Bennington suddenly veered to the left, and the Edwards attempted to follow the Bennington.
This caused extensive damage to the deck housing on the port side of the Edwards and partially destroyed the galley and wiped a long gash to the deck housing on the port side of the ship.
There were no injuries aboard the Edwards because of the quick action of Third Class Boatswains Mate, Lionel Sepulveda, a 12 year veteran, anticipating the imminent collision, announced over the PA system that all personnel clear the port side.
There were no injuries other than a bruised shin when one of the sailors aboard the Edwards bumped his shin jumping over a mess table.
On one WESPAC CRUISE, the Edwards left Pearl Harbor with 20 Air Force Cadets from the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs.
the Edwards was about two days out of Pearl Harbor when she received a distress signal from a seagoing tug that had been towing an Aircraft Carrier to Japan to be scrapped.
There was an American Aircraft Carrier also on the scene, The Edwards was tasked with rescuing the crew from the tug.
The cadets were lying in the passageways and in their bunks in the forward crew compartment, there was a smell of vomit and supposedly a lot of green vomit was on the compartments decks.
Risbon, a Signalman, on his post on the bridge, said that at one time the ship listed to 47degrees, shook a lot but eventually came back to a more even keel.
She then deployed to the Western Pacific area where she operated with the fast carrier units of the 7th Fleet, and as a member of the U.S. Taiwan Patrol Force.
She returned to the West Coast, 13 May, 1960, and operated there until deploying to the Western Pacific again in February 1961 to operate with the fast carrier group in the South China Sea.
Richard S. Edwards commenced her third WestPac cruise 13 November 1962 for fast carrier operations throughout the western Pacific, returning home in June 1963.
During this deployment [Richard S.] Edwards and USS Morton (DD-948) engaged North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Tonkin Gulf on 18 September, probably sinking several.
Upon returning from the Far East, [Richard S.] Edwards operated off the west coast until deploying to WestPac again 1 March 1966 to 26 August 1966.
There she rendered naval gunfire support to forces ashore in Vietnam and plane-guarded for U.S. Navy carriers in the Tonkin Gulf.
In late January 1969 Richard S Edwards deployed to WestPac again to operate off Vietnam She returned to San Diego 13 August 1969, until being decommissioned at Long Beach, Calif. 27 February 1970.
She embarked 4 March for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, her new home port, and continued operations in that vicinity until April 1972.
Receiving only 72 hours notice, Richard S Edwards sailed from Pearl Harbor 10 April 1972 for the western Pacific and deployment off the Vietnamese coast.
She was decommissioned 15 December 1982, stricken 7 February 1990, and sunk as a target ship off the coast of Kauai on 12 May 1997.
It participated extensively in the Vietnam War, and was one of the principal ships involved in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
She conducted exercises along the California coast until 17 May 1960, when she sailed with the task group for the western Pacific.
After stops at Pearl Harbor and Apra, Guam, she stood air-sea rescue duty near the Marianas for President Dwight D. Eisenhower's flight to visit several Asian nations.
A tense month of duty with the Taiwan Strait patrol followed as the United States Navy demonstrated America's support for one of her allies.
Over the next 18 months, she completed an extensive overhaul and participated in numerous 1st Fleet exercises along the California coast.
Her second deployment to the Orient was characterized by a series of exercises with ships of the 7th Fleet and of allied navies.
After a final series of drills conducted with , the destroyer completed that tour of duty at Yokosuka, Japan, early in December.
The ensuing 14 months brought another overhaul as well as further 1st Fleet exercises in the waters along the west coast.
After calling at Pearl Harbor on her way west, the destroyer joined a task group built around for operations in the Philippine Sea, followed by a cruise through the South China Sea to Japan.
In the afternoon of 2 August 1964, , engaged in a DESOTO patrol, called for assistance when three Vietnam People's Navy (VPN) P 4-class torpedo boats from the 135th Torpedo Squadron attacked her.
By nightfall, the unidentified radar echoes suggested that VPN torpedo boats were converging upon the two American warships from the west and south.
Reports claimed that at least two of those were sunk by direct hits and another pair severely damaged, and that the remaining boats retired rapidly to the north.
Nineteen VPM sailors were taken as prisoner of war from those sunk torpedo boats, and they made it clear that no VPN torpedo boats had been sunk in 1964.
At the last-named target, American planes set fire to 12 of the 14 oil storage tanks sending almost 10 percent of North Vietnam's oil reserves up in smoke.
Of more lasting significance both to the warship and the country, however, the incident prompted the United States Congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, the legal foundation for the United States to deploy conventional US military forces and directly confront North Vietnam in open warfare; which would ultimately involve the United States in a bloody and costly war in Indochina for the ensuing eight and a half years.
The destroyer conducted normal operations out of Long Beach until 18 December when she entered the naval shipyard for a three-month overhaul.
West coast operations occupied her until 10 July, when she departed Long Beach with DesRon 19, bound once again for duty in the Orient.
During August and the first three weeks of September, the destroyer served both as an escort for the carrier and as a detached radar picket ship.
On 23 September, she moved into the Gulf of Thailand near the west coast of South Vietnam to participate in one of the earliest naval gunfire support missions conducted along that section of the coastline.
On 25 September, she provided call-fire for American and South Vietnamese forces operating ashore in the vicinity of Chu Lai itself.
During the mission, her guns destroyed a number of enemy positions and figured prominently in the repulse of a Viet Cong attack.
Near the conclusion of that 24-hour action, a 5-inch round misfired; and, during the ensuing efforts to clear the chamber, the shell detonated.
The destroyer patrolled with the carrier on Yankee Station until 14 January when she headed, via Subic Bay, for Long Beach.
From the completion of her overhaul in March through the end of May, the destroyer remained in Long Beach engaged in upkeep, repairs, and in training the numerous replacements who had reported on board.
On 11 June, she put to sea once again to conduct a midshipman training cruise, during which she visited Pearl Harbor, Seattle, and San Francisco.
Turner Joy stood out of Long Beach on 18 November and—after visits to Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Guam—entered port at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, on 11 December.
The destroyer reached her zone of operations on the 18th and, for the next month, conducted shore bombardments in support of American and South Vietnamese troops operating ashore.
For almost a month, she delivered gunfire support for troops ashore, this time in the I Corps zone of South Vietnam.
Instead of supporting American and South Vietnamese troops directly through shore bombardments, she did so by interdicting enemy logistical efforts in Operation Sea Dragon.
On 7 April, while firing on some enemy craft beached near Cap Mui Ron, the destroyer came under the fire of a North Vietnamese shore battery.
The hit astern penetrated the deck to the supply office, damaging records therein as well as pipes and cables in the overhead.
Several rounds of 5 inch VT fragmentation projectiles in mount 53 ammunition stowage area also suffered damage and had to be discarded.
The damage, however, was not severe enough to curtail her tour of duty; and she remained on station until relieved by on 16 April.
Two days later, the destroyer arrived in Subic Bay, and she entered drydock, soon thereafter, for repairs to her strut bearing, the bow, the peak tank, and her air search radar antenna.
Concurrently with this yard work, she conducted a tender availability with to prepare her for visits to Australia and New Zealand during the forthcoming celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of the Coral Sea.
The ship reached Melbourne on 8 May; and, while she remained there until the 13th, her crew enjoyed Australian hospitality in the city and replied in kind on board.
Between 13 and 17 May, she made a rough transit of the Tasman Sea and arrived in Auckland, New Zealand, on the latter date for the second phase of her Coral Sea celebration.
That duty continued until late February 1968 when she entered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard for a restricted availability in preparation for her fifth deployment to the Far East.
Over the following five months, the destroyer conducted operations along the coast of Vietnam similar to those performed during previous deployments.
As during previous deployments, she punctuated assignments in the combat zone with visits to Subic Bay and to Buckner Bay, Okinawa, for fuel, supplies, and repairs, as well as to Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Hong Kong for rest and relaxation.
She completed her last tour of duty of the deployment off the Vietnamese coast on 4 September and, after a brief tender availability at Subic Bay, headed homeward on 8 September.
She completed those operations during the latter half of May; and, after a. brief availability alongside , she embarked NROTC midshipmen on 5 June for the two-month 1969 summer training cruise.
Following a four-day layover at Pearl Harbor and brief fuel stops at Midway and Guam, she arrived in Subic Bay on 11 December.
After a five-day availability alongside , the destroyer stood out of Subic Bay bound for Danang, South Vietnam, and gunfire support duty off the coast of the I Corps zone.
By New Year's Day 1970, she was on her way to Yankee Station to act as plane guard for Task Force (TF) 77 aircraft carriers.
She completed another three-week tour on the gunline on 10 February and then shaped a course for Sasebo, Japan, whence she operated until early in March.
On 3 April, she rendezvoused with and then made port calls at Subic Bay and Bangkok, Thailand, before embarking upon her final gunline assignment on 19 April.
She returned to Subic Bay on 10 May for a final visit before heading back to the United States on the 17th.
That assignment—carried out along the I Corps-zone coastline near Danang—ended on 2 April; and she headed for Yankee Station and two weeks of plane guard duty with the TF 77 aircraft carriers.
She performed that duty until 30 April; then, after three days evading a typhoon, she moved in close to the I Corps shoreline to resume gunfire support duties.
Following a five-day gunfire exercise at the Tabones range, she departed the Philippines to make liberty visits to Bangkok, Thailand, and Hong Kong.
A brief liberty call at Subic Bay followed; and then, on 30 June, she embarked upon a voyage to Australia and New Zealand.
Over the ensuing six months, she received entirely new 5 inch 54-caliber gun mounts; and her propulsion plant underwent conversion to enable it to burn Navy distillate fuel.
From August to December, she busied herself with various trials and tests at sea, conducted refresher training, and prepared for her next assignment to the Far East.
That routine continued until April 1974, at which time she began preparations for her first peacetime deployment to the western Pacific in a decade.
She stood out of San Diego on 6 May, reached Pearl Harbor on the 12th, and completed a brief assignment with in the Hawaiian operating area on 24 May.
She returned to the Philippines on 31 August and conducted local operations out of Subic Bay for two months before heading homeward on 3 October.
The warship arrived in San Diego on 22 October and, after a month of post-deployment leave and upkeep, began a normal schedule of operations in the southern California operating area.
However, after a two-week stop at Subic Bay, her western Pacific assignment was transformed into a tour of duty in the Indian Ocean.
During that operation, she joined units of the British, Iranian, and Pakistani navies in practicing a broad spectrum of naval tactics—ASW, AAW, surface engagements, gunnery drills, and missile shoots.
Routine operations in the Philippines, exercises in the South China Sea and the Sea of Japan—as well as visits to ports in Taiwan and Japan—characterized the remainder of that deployment, which also included a harrowing cruise directly through the center of a typhoon.
Born in Mallow, County Cork, Ireland, he studied medicine in Paris and immigrated to Lower Canada in 1823 where he became involved in the political reform movement of the Parti patriote.
In 1837, during the Lower Canada Rebellion, a mandate of arrest was issued against him, and he sought refuge at Saint-Denis, then crossed the United States border with his friend, Louis-Joseph Papineau.
Robert W. Wirch (born November 16, 1943) is a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing the 22nd district since 1997.
He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Parkside in 1970 and served in the United States Army Reserve from 1965 to 1971.
Wirch was elected to the Senate in 1996 and has been reelected six times, including his 2004 victory over future White House Chief of Staff Reince Priebus, and his 2011 victory against a recall attempt.
On February 20, 2011, it was reported that Wirch, along with 13 other Democratic Wisconsin State Senators, had left the state, allegedly to deny the State Senate a quorum on Governor Scott Walker's Budget Repair legislation.
13,537 valid signatures of electors residing within the 22nd District had to be collected by April 25, 2011 to generate a recall election.
Each game in the series challenges players with open-ended amusement park management and development, and allowing players to construct and customize their own unique roller coasters and other thrill rides.
The first game was created by Scottish programmer Chris Sawyer, with assistance from various leading figures from the real-world roller coaster and theme park industry.
In January 2018, Atari Game Partners announced it was seeking equity crowdfunding via the StartEngine platform in order to develop a new game in the series.
The free-to-play title is based on the tile-matching genre, in which the tiles to match move each turn on rollercoaster tracks within each level.
The player is given control over an amusement park and is tasked with reaching particular goals, such as improving the park's value, attracting more guests, or maintaining the park rating.
Some scenarios in the game provide an empty plot of land and allow the player to build a park from scratch, while others provide a ready-built park which usually suffers from deterioration, bad planning, or underdevelopment.
The player is responsible for building out the park such as modifying terrain, constructing footpaths, adding decorative elements, installing food/drink stalls and other facilities, and building rides and attractions.
Many of the rides that can be built are roller coasters or variations on that, such as log flumes, water slides and go-kart tracks.
The player can build these out with hills, drops, curves, and other 'special' track pieces (such as loops, corkscrews and helixes), limited only by cost and the geography of the park and other nearby attractions.
There are also stationary rides, such as Ferris wheels, merry-go-rounds, and bumper cars, most of which only contain single ride 'piece' and are very limited in terms of variation.
Rides are ranked on scales of excitement, intensity, and nausea, all which influence which park guests will ride those attractions and how they will behave afterward.
The player can set the prices for park admission rides and guest amenities, although care must be taken so that guests will not think prices are too high.
The player is also responsible for hiring park staff to maintain the rides, keep the park clean, enforce security, and entertain guests.
Players may also invest in 'research', which unlocks new rides and improvements as time goes on, though it costs money to continue research.
The guests, who are integral to the gameplay, are treated as separate entities which can each have particular characteristics and be tracked by the player around the park.
The game keeps track of how much money they have, what they are carrying, their thoughts, and what their current needs are (thirst, hunger, etc.).
Some scenarios are even biased towards a specific guest demographic and require the player to take this into account in designing the park.
Planet Coaster, a spiritual successor to RollerCoaster Tycoon 3, was developed and published by Frontier Developments for Microsoft Windows and was released worldwide on 17 November, 2016.
Frontier Developments had had previously worked in the amusement park construction and management genre with the Xbox port of RollerCoaster Tycoon, RollerCoaster Tycoon 3, Thrillville, Thrillville: Off the Rails, and Zoo Tycoon.
The franchise has also spawned a board game and a pinball machine by Stern, both released in 2002, and a series of gamebooks released in 2002 and 2003.
In 2010, it was reported that Sony Pictures Animation had acquired the rights to develop a film adaptation of the series.
She was laid down by the Bath Iron Works Corporation at Bath in Maine on 28 October 1943, launched on 19 March 1944 by Mrs. Harry H. Wilhoit, granddaughter of Captain Maddox, and commissioned on 2 June 1944.
Later, she covered the Marine landings at Okinawa and operated with the 7th Fleet in support of United Nations Forces during the Korean War.
After 1953, she alternated operations along the west coast of the United States and in Hawaiian waters, with regular deployments to the western Pacific with the Seventh Fleet.
At first steaming with fast carrier groups in the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, she headed south 18 May and established patrol off the coast of South Vietnam.
During August she was involved in a skirmish with North Vietnamese torpedo boats, the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, which led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
During this period she served in the screen and on picket station in the South and East China Seas, while carrier-based planes struck air and naval bases from Saigon to Formosa.
Departing on 14 March, the destroyer steamed off the Japanese home islands where she was on picket station during the air strikes on Kyushu and southern Honshu.
She proceeded to Okinawa on 23 March to provide support for preinvasion strikes, remaining on duty there after the invasion date of 1 April.
She operated there until 1 February 1946, when she returned to the Far East to support the movement of naval occupation forces between Shanghai, Tsingtao, and Taku in China, and the ports of Pusan and Jinsen in Korea.
Returning to San Diego 24 March 1947, she operated for the next three years off the west coast conducting reserve training cruises, serving as a training ship in antisubmarine warfare and gunnery and participating in maneuvers with the 1st Task Fleet.
Departing for South Korea the next day, she acted as plane guard and antisubmarine screen for the aircraft carriers and .
She continued this assignment, which included a diversionary bombardment of Samchok coordinated with the Inchon landings on 15 September, until departing for the United States early in January 1951.
Arriving at San Diego on 31 January 1951, she served as a training ship and underwent overhaul before departing 1 December 1951 for her second Korean duty.
Through February 1952, she screened carriers off the east coast of Korea and provided shore bombardment support for the U.N. land forces.
From 16 April through 17 May she participated in the siege of Wonsan, following which she resumed screening duties for fast carriers.
As on her second Korean deployment, the destroyer again guarded the fast carriers along the eastern coast of Korea; participated in shore bombardments, this time as far north as Hungnam, and served, for a two-week period, in the Taiwan Patrol Force.
On this tour, which lasted until 5 December, she took part in antisubmarine warfare tactics and attack carrier exercises off Kyushu, Korea, and Luzon as well as operating with the Taiwan Patrol Force.
These cruises included combined defense exercises with the forces of other SEATO nations and training operations with South Korean, Nationalist Chinese, and Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Forces.
At first steaming with fast carrier groups in the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, she headed south 18 May and established patrol off the coast of South Vietnam.
The P4s, long aluminum-hulled torpedo boats each armed with two torpedoes which mounted a TNT warhead and capable of exceeding , approached at high speeds from several miles away.
Soon, four F-8 Crusaders from an aircraft carrier in the region, , arrived on the scene and attacked the three torpedo boats.
This time their orders indicated that the ships were to close to no more than from the coast of North Vietnam.
During an evening and early morning of rough weather and heavy seas, the destroyers received radar, sonar, and radio signals that they believed signaled another attack by the North Vietnamese navy.
Since then, numerous accounts have supported the theory that there was no attack on 4 August at all, including North Vietnamese military commander Võ Nguyên Giáp, who in 1995 admitted 2 August attack but asserted that the 4 August attack had never occurred.
She departed Long Beach on 10 July and commenced operating with the fast carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin in early August.
After conducting upkeep and local exercises off the California coast, summer 1966 saw her engaged in a training cruise for midshipmen which included a trip to Pearl Harbor.
She arrived at Long Beach 7 June 1967 and conducted local exercises until entering Long Beach Naval Shipyard 13 October for overhaul.
Operation Market Time was the United States Navy and South Vietnam's successful effort begun in 1965 to stop the flow of troops, war material, and supplies by sea, coast, and rivers, from North Vietnam into parts of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
Radar picket escort ships, based in Guam or Pearl Harbor, provided long-term presence at sea offshore to guard against trawler infiltration.
Operation Market Time was one of six Navy duties begun after the Tonkin Gulf Incident, along with Operation Sea Dragon, Operation Sealords, Yankee Station, PIRAZ, and naval gunfire support.
When a trawler was intercepted landing arms and ammunition at Vung Ro Bay in northern Khánh Hòa Province on 16 February 1965, it provided the first tangible evidence of the North Vietnamese supply operation.
Operation Market Time was established by the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff at the request of General William C. Westmoreland, commanding general of Military Assistance Command Vietnam.
He requested that the U.S. Navy establish a naval blockade of the vast South Vietnam coastline against North Vietnamese gun-running trawlers.
At the time of inception, the Coast Guard contributed seventeen Point-class cutters while the Navy added approximately fifty ships known as fast patrol craft (PCFs) or Swifts that could reach a maximum speed of 28 knots.
On 6 May 1965 seventeen Point-class cutters were loaded as deck cargo on merchant ships in New York City, Norfolk, New Orleans, Galveston, San Pedro, San Francisco and Seattle for transport to U.S.
In an effort to coordinate all coastal interdiction activities, coastal surveillance centers (CSC) were established at Da Nang, Qui Nhon, Nha Trang, Vung Tau, and An Thoi and were manned by South Vietnam Navy and U.S. Navy watchstanders.
Reports of possible sightings of suspect vessels from aircraft and watercraft were reported to the CSC's and the appropriate response vessels and aircraft were dispatched to the scene by CSC personnel.
The objective of Operation Market Time focused on preventing communist ships from infiltrating the South Vietnamese coast in order to resupply North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Viet Cong (VC) forces.
Beginning officially on March 11, 1965, Market Time featured a picket line of ships along over 1,000 miles of South Vietnamese coast including forces from the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Navy, and the South Vietnamese Navy.
The operation was originally placed under the control of the Vietnam Patrol Force (Task Force 71), however command shifted to the Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam on 31 July 1965 and designated as Task Force 115.
Operation Market Time was originally planned to acquire 54 Swift boats, but that number increased to a total of 84 in September 1965 in order to thoroughly guard the coast of South Vietnam.
These Swift boats were further separated into five groups and assigned to different areas of operation including Division 101 located at An Thoi (working alongside Coast Guard Division 11), Division 102 at Da Nang (with Coast Guard Division 12), Division 103 at Cat Lo (with Coast Guard Division 13), Division 104 based at Cam Ranh Bay and Division 105 at Qui Nhon.
U.S. Navy Martin P-5 Marlin seaplane patrol squadrons, destroyers, ocean minesweepers, PCFs (swift boats) and United States Coast Guard cutters (USCGC) performed the operation.
The PG was uniquely suited for the job because of its ability to go from standard diesel propulsion to gas turbine (turboshaft) propulsion in a matter of a few minutes.
Most of the ships operated in the coastal waters from the Cambodian border around the south tip of Vietnam up north to Đà Nẵng.
A significant action of Market Time occurred on 1 March 1968, when the North Vietnamese attempted a coordinated infiltration of four gun-running trawlers.
Two of the four trawlers were destroyed by allied ships in gun battles, one trawler crew detonated charges on board their vessel to avoid capture, and the fourth trawler turned tail and retreated at high speed into the South China Sea.
LT Norm Cook, the patrol plane commander of a VP-17 P-2H Neptune patrol aircraft operating from Cam Ranh Bay, was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross for discovering and following two of the four trawlers in the action.
Of the many vessels involved in Operation Market Time, one of the more notable was the which, on 11 August 1966, was brought under fire by a number of United States Air Force aircraft.
To stop these infiltrations, Market Time was set up as a coordinated effort of long range patrol aircraft for broad reconnaissance and tracking.
These aircraft, initially SP-5B seaplanes, later Lockheed P-2 Neptune and Lockheed P-3 Orions, were armed with Bullpup air-to-surface missiles and were therefore capable of engaging these craft directly.
On the aviation side, some of the patrol squadrons that were involved and flying from South Vietnam, Thailand, or Philippine bases were: VP-1, VP-2, VP-4, VP-6, VP-8, VP-9, VP-16, VP-17, VP-19 VP-22, VP-26, VP-28, VP-40, VP-42, VP-45, VP-46, VP-47, VP-48, VP-49 and VP-50.
Aircraft flew constant and monotonous patrols along 1,200 miles of coast during Operation Market Time departing from bases ranging from Vietnam (Tan Son Nhut Airbase and Cam Ranh Bay) to the Philippines (Sangley Point) and Thailand (Utapao Airbase).
Planes had the ability to cover large expanses of water in a relatively short time and could monitor suspicious vessels lingering in international waters waiting to make a dash for the coast.
By October 1967 air surveillance expanded to monitor traffic bound to and from Cambodia as at this point it had become apparent that communist supplies were being shipped to Sihanoukville which were then transported over to the South Vietnamese border in large convoy trucks.
Market Time, which operated day and night, fair weather and foul, for eight and a half years, denied the North Vietnamese a means of delivering tons of war materials into South Vietnam by sea.
The Navy's Operations Evaluation Group stated that in the case of trawler infiltration after the implementation of Operation Market Time just one out of every twenty trawlers were able to reach the South Vietnamese coast undetected.
This number is certainly encouraging, yet it does not fully reflect all possible cases in which craft reached shore unbeknownst to American intelligence.
Similar to the high body count numbers in accordance with the doctrine of attrition, scholars fear that boarding and inspection numbers were also inflated by soldiers and commanders.
Forces also engaged in a total of 482 firefights, killed 161 VC soldiers, and captured 177 while experiencing 21 friendly deaths and 97 other casualties.
A study by the BDM Corporation concluded that at the very least the operation forced the VC to drastically alter its logistic operations.
The company also stated that at the beginning of 1966 almost 75 percent of enemy resupply came from the sea along the South Vietnamese coast, however by early 1967 this number had been reduced to just 10 percent.
Shredder won the World Microcomputer Chess Championship in 1996 and 2000, the World Computer Chess Championship in 1999 and 2003, the World Computer Speed Chess Championship in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007, and the World Chess Software Championship in 2010.
One of the features of the Shredder engine is that it can be set to play at different Elo rating levels from beginner to master level.
The Shredder GUI will estimate your Elo rating based on your games, and adjust its strength in future games to give you a chance of winning.
Shredder is one of the few commercial chess programs which is available not only for Windows and Mac OS, but also for Linux.
Shredder sacrifices a piece in exchange for a strong initiative in a position too complex for the computer to calculate to the end.
On 21 May, she got underway for the United Kingdom, arriving at Queenstown, Ireland to escort convoys and protect them from German U-boats.
From 28 April 1924 to 18 October 1930 she was loaned to the United States Coast Guard, where she served on the Rum Patrol.
Returned to the Navy on 18 October 1930, she again joined the Reserve Fleet and was laid up at League Island.
She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 28 June 1934 and sold for scrap under the London Naval Treaty.
Imperial War Museum North (sometimes referred to as IWM North) is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England.
The museum occupies a site overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal in Trafford Park, an area which during the Second World War was a key industrial centre and consequently heavily bombed during the Manchester Blitz in 1940.
The area is now home to the Lowry cultural centre and the MediaCityUK development, which stand opposite the museum at Salford Quays.
The museum building was designed by architect Daniel Libeskind and opened in July 2002, receiving 470,000 visitors in its first year of opening.
The museum features a permanent exhibition of chronological and thematic displays, supported by hourly audiovisual presentations which are projected throughout the gallery space.
Since opening, the museum has operated a successful volunteer programme, which since January 2007 has been run in partnership with Manchester Museum.
As part of a national museum, Imperial War Museum North is financed by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and by self-generated income.
One such council was that of Hartlepool, in County Durham, for whom a new museum building was designed by architect Sir Norman Foster for a site on Hartlepool's dockside.
In 1992 the Teesside Development Corporation offered the museum, on behalf of Hartlepool council, a total of £14.4 million towards construction and running costs.
In January 1999 the then Culture Secretary Chris Smith launched a project to construct the new museum in Trafford, Greater Manchester.
The Trafford Park area has strong associations with the Second World War on the British home front; factories in the area produced Avro Lancaster heavy bombers, and Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engines used by a number of Royal Air Force combat aircraft.
The area was consequently heavily bombed, particularly during the Manchester Blitz, when 684 people were killed in raids over two nights in December 1940.
By the time of Chris Smith's announcement, the museum had already received outline planning permission (in October 1997), with full approval in April 1999.
An architectural competition for the new museum was held in 1997, with the winning design being that of Berlin-based architect Daniel Libeskind.
Born in Łódź, Poland, in 1946, Libeskind's family had suffered during the Second World War and dozens of his relatives were murdered in the Holocaust.
The 55 m high air shard, provides the museum's entranceway and a viewing balcony (now closed to the public) above the Manchester Ship Canal with views of the Manchester skyline.
Originally budgeted at £40 million, the museum was eventually completed for £28.5 million after anticipated National Lottery funding was not forthcoming.
The European Union's European Regional Development Fund contributed £8.9 million, English Partnerships and the North West Development Agency £2.7 million, and £2.8 million was provided by Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council.
Peel Holdings, a local transport and property company, contributed £12.5 million; this was reportedly the largest single sum ever given to a UK cultural project by a private enterprise.
The reduction in budget forced a number of changes; the substitution of metal for concrete in the construction of the shards, the removal of a planned auditorium, and a change of exhibition content.
The site's external landscaping also had to be reduced; in 2009, following an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions, Berlin-based company Topotek 1 were appointed to complete this landscaping.
Construction of the museum, by structural engineers Arup and main contractor Sir Robert McAlpine, began on 5 January 2000 and the building was topped out in late September that year.
Exhibition fitting started in November 2001, and the museum opened to the public on 5 July 2002, shortly before the 2002 Commonwealth Games which were hosted in Manchester that year.
Within this hall, described as cavernous and dramatic, a number of large artefacts are displayed; they include a Russian T-34 tank, a United States Marine Corps AV-8B Harrier jet and a 13-pounder field gun which fired the British Army's first shot of the First World War.
Captured by the Royal Artillery after the 1991 Gulf War, it was moved from Imperial War Museum Duxford and displayed to mark the museum's fifth anniversary in July 2007.
The museum enjoyed a successful first year, with an initial target of 300,000 visitors surpassed after six months, with over 100,000 visitors in the first six weeks; by the museum's first anniversary on 5 July 2003 some 470,000 visitors had been received.
The museum won the Building Award in the 2003 British Construction Industry Awards, and was shortlisted for the 2004 Stirling Prize.
The museum received a largely positive critical reception, with reviewers remarking on the metaphorical power of the building, the complementary effects of the museum's main exhibition with its internal architecture, and the economy with which the museum was built.
Originally based on a National Vocational Qualification, the programme was revised and relaunched in 2004, and consisted of a basic cultural heritage course, providing opportunities to develop academic skills and improve confidence, and to support individuals seeking to return to employment.
In January 2007 the museum launched the in Touch volunteer programme, in partnership with Manchester Museum and supported by £425,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
On 16 January 1919, the amendment was ratified and the Liquor Prohibition Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation, or exportation of intoxicating liquors, came into effect on 16 January 1920.
The establishment of prohibition gave rise to smuggling of illicit liquor into the United States overland from Canada and from ships moored just outside the three-mile limit along the Atlantic seaboard.
Smaller boats were used to transfer the cargos from the mother ships on Rum Row under cover of darkness to the shore.
In February 1922, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, Rear Admiral William E. Reynolds, informed the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Roy Asa Haynes that although the Coast Guard was tasked with the enforcement of prohibition, Congress had not included any funding for the additional maintenance and operation of vessels.
Since The Coast Guard was tasked with prohibiting the importation of liquor through U.S. waters and it didn't have the resources to do so, Commandant Reynolds submitted a plan to Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon that called for 20 new cutters, 200 coastal patrol cutters and 90 fast picket boats.
He also asked for 20 million dollars to fund new construction and an additional 3,500 personnel to man the new vessels.
To deal with this problem, twenty-five destroyers were transferred by the United States Navy to the Treasury Department for service with the Coast Guard.
Some began to show signs of wear and tear after the often arduous pace of operations on the Rum Patrol and required replacement.
In the end, however, the rehabilitation of the vessels became a saga in itself because of the exceedingly poor condition of many of these war-weary ships.
Additionally, these were by far the largest and most sophisticated vessels ever operated by the service, and trained personnel were nearly nonexistent.
The destroyers’ mission, therefore, was to picket the larger mother ships and prevent them from off-loading their cargo onto the smaller, speedier contact boats that ran the liquor into shore.
On 20 February 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution, the repeal of Amendment 18, was proposed by Congress and ratification was completed on 5 December 1933.
It is not unusual for a stone baby to remain undiagnosed for decades and to be found well after natural menopause; diagnosis often happens when the patient is examined for other conditions that require being subjected to a X-ray study.
Tien found that the mean age of women with lithopedia was fifty-five years at the time of diagnosis, with the oldest being one-hundred years old.
The lithopedion was carried for an average of twenty-two years, and in several cases, the women became pregnant a second time and gave birth to children without incident.
According to one report there are only 300 known cases of lithopedia in the world, recorded in over 400 years of medical literature.
While the chance of abdominal pregnancy is one in 11,000 pregnancies, only between 1.5 and 1.8% of these abdominal pregnancies may develop into lithopedia.
The earliest known lithopedion was found in an archaeological excavation at Bering Sinkhole, on the Edwards Plateau in Kerr County, Texas, and dated to 1100 BC.
In a speech before the French Académie Royale des Sciences in 1748, surgeon Sauveur François Morand used lithopedia both as evidence of the common nature of fetal development in viviparous and oviparous animals, and as an argument in favor of cesarean section.
HiTech is a chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Dr. Hans J. Berliner, by Berliner, Carl Ebeling, Murray Campbell, and Gordon Goetsch.
In 1988 HiTech defeated GM Arnold Denker 3½-½ in a match (though Denker was at the time well past his best, with an Elo rating of 2300).
HiTech was one of two competing chess projects at Carnegie Mellon; the one that would succeed in the quest of beating the World Chess Champion was its rival ChipTest (the predecessor of IBM's Deep Thought and Deep Blue).
Located in an endorheic basin in Qinghai Province, to which it gave its name, Qinghai Lake is classified as an alkaline salt lake.
Qinghai is the romanized Mandarin pinyin pronunciation of the Chinese name Although modern Chinese distinguishes between the colors blue and green, this distinction did not exist in classical Chinese.
In English, Qinghai Lake was formerly known as Ch'inghai Lake or ; the Chinese Postal Map romanization was of the Mongolian name .
As for the Mongolians, the color of the lake is unambiguously labeled blue, but classical Mongolian did not distinguish between lakes and larger bodies of water.
The Chinese name is thus an overly literal calque of this name, used by the Qinghai Mongols, some of who made up the local ruling class during the standardization of western Chinese toponyms in the Qing Dynasty.
The relatively low inflow and high evaporation rates have turned Qinghai saline and alkaline; it is presently about 14 ppt salt with a pH of 9.3.
At the tip of the peninsula on the western side of the lake are Cormorant Island and Egg Island, collectively known as the Bird Islands.
Although some Tibetans lived around the lake, the Qing maintained an administrative division from the time of Güshi Khan between the Dalai Lama's western realm (slightly smaller than the current Tibet Autonomous Region) and the Tibetan-inhabited areas in the east.
The Kuomintang Hui general Ma Bufang, having invited Kazakh Muslims, joined the governor of Qinghai and other high ranking Qinghai and national government officials in conducting a joint Kokonuur Lake Ceremony to worship the God of the Lake.
During the ritual, the Chinese national anthem was sung and all participants bowed to a Portrait of Kuomintang founder Sun Yat-sen as well as to the God of the Lake.
After the Chinese economic reform in the 1980s, drawn by new business opportunities, migration to the area increased, causing ecological stresses.
In between 1959 and 1982, there had been an annual water level drop of , which was reversed at a rate of between 1983 and 1989, but has continued to drop since.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences reported in 1998 the lake was again threatened with loss of surface area due to livestock over-grazing, land reclamations, and natural causes.
During that period, higher lake floor areas were exposed and numerous water bodies separated from the rest of the main lake.
As such, it is a focal point in global concerns regarding avian influenza (H5N1), as a major outbreak here could spread the virus across Europe and Asia, further increasing the chances of a pandemic.
Other Yellow River fish species occurred in the lake, but they disappeared with the increasing salinity and basicity, beginning in the early Holocene.
No boat was used during summer, so monks and pilgrims traveled to and from only when the lake froze over in winter.
Przhevalsky estimated it would take about 8 days by horse or 15 walking to circumambulate the lake, but pilgrims report it takes about 18 days on horseback, and one took 23 days walking to complete the circuit.
His paternal grandfather, Fred Jones, was a member of the Bardic family Teulu'r Cilie, and a founding member of Plaid Cymru.
He spent most of his youth in Bala in Gwynedd before attending the University of Wales, Cardiff where he studied architecture.
Iwan's earliest material was Welsh translations of songs by American folk/protest singers: Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and Bob Dylan until he began to write his first ballads.
He was imprisoned in 1970 for refusal to pay fines for defacing English language road signs as part of the fight for Welsh language rights as a member of Cymdeithas yr Iaith, serving three weeks of a three-month sentence.
During the 1970s, his political interests (and songs) took in such themes as Pinochet's Chile; Welsh Devolution; the Vietnam War and the Northern Ireland troubles.
Later songs mention events such as the Tiananmen Square massacre (1989), the Gulf War (1990) and opencast mining in the south Wales valleys (1995).
Iwan's long service to the Welsh language led to his being made an honorary member of the Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod at Bangor in 1971.
Iwan escaped a driving ban (for speeding offences) in October 2003 on the basis that he needed to drive for his musical and political duties.
As part of his campaign seeking re-election as President of Plaid Cymru, Iwan launched a campaign blog 'Dafydd 4 President' in July 2008.
On 22 October 2011, Dafydd and his wife Bethan came to watch the Welsh derby, Wrexham FC vs Newport County AFC.
He was invited to sing by the new Wrexham FC Supporters Group, who chose their name Yma O Hyd after his song.
The Salt Lake community was developed in the 1960s during a construction boom, providing residents with an expansive view of downtown Honolulu and the sugarcane plantations of the central plain of O‘ahu.
Salt Lake is a part of the 15th District of the Hawaii Senate, currently represented by State Senator Glenn Wakai and the 32nd District of the Hawaii House of Representatives, currently represented by Linda Ichiyama.
It is also a part of Council District VII of the City and County of Honolulu, currently represented by Joey Manahan.
The Salt Lake community is built in the larger and easternmost of three overlapping, low profile, tuff cones or volcanic craters: Makalapa, Āliamanu and Āliapa‘akai.
A lake, at one time 1.5 km across (20 ha) but very shallow, formed in the bowl of Āliapa‘akai fed by freshwater springs or possibly seawater seepages (Alexander, 1926 in Maciolek, 1982).
In that year, an artesian well was dug to bring the water level higher (and salt content lower) for use as a mullet pond; a tunnel, dug through the southeast rim of the crater, controlled water level and provided an outlet (Macdonald, Abbott, and Peterson.
Damon was involved with the Provisional Government of Hawaii that took power after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and abdication of Queen Liliuokalani.
Salt Lake's growth was mainly attributed to the ease (in those days) with which residents could travel to and from downtown Honolulu and Waikīkī, where many worked.
Salt Lake's main street is Salt Lake Boulevard, running the length of the community, from Moanalua High School to Aloha Stadium, connecting Puuloa Road (State Route 66) and Kamehameha Highway (State Route 99).
Tripler Army Medical Center, visible on the heights to the northeast, is the principal U.S. military medical facility for Asia and the Pacific Basin.
The area surrounding the airport is often referred to as the airport district, a commercial and retail region built up along Nimitz Highway.
A 2003 special feature of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin classified Salt Lake as affluent upper-middle class with equal distribution of European Americans and second and third generations of Filipino Americans and Japanese Americans.
Based on surveys compiled by the University of Hawaii, residents are composed of mostly Honolulu professionals and military officers choosing to live off base.
The neighborhood community is home to the families of officers and enlisted servicemen from the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard and Navy.
According to the 2000 report of the United States Census Bureau, Salt Lake ranked eighth of all the neighborhood communities in Hawai‘i in terms of median annual household income.
Also serving the community are Radford High School, Aliamanu Elementary School and Aliamanu Middle School, formerly known as Aliamanu Intermediate School until 1997.
There are two schools serving the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, Holy Family Catholic Academy and the Saint Philomena Early Learning Center at Saint Philomena Church.
The commercial center of Salt Lake is Salt Lake Shopping Center, bound by Ala Ilima Street, Ala Lilikoi Street and Salt Lake Boulevard.
In the 1980s, Mayor of Honolulu Frank Fasi established a mobile satellite city hall at Salt Lake Shopping Center to provide city services for residents without having to travel into City Hall.
Salt Lake Shopping Center at one time was home to the Salt Lake Moanalua branch of the Hawaii State Public Library System until it moved to the campus of Aliamanu Elementary and Middle Schools.
Salt Lake District Park has playing fields, basketball and tennis courts, multipurpose buildings and a gymnasium operated by the City & County of Honolulu.
Smaller parks in the midst of high-rise condominiums include Salt Lake Municipal Park, which hosts the People's Market each Saturday morning.
Established by former Mayor Frank Fasi, the People's Market allows Salt Lake residents to purchase fresh produce and fish from independent local producers.
As a medical symptom, photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes, though the term is sometimes additionally applied to abnormal or irrational fear of light such as heliophobia.
Severe or chronic photophobia, such as in migraine or seizure disorder, may result in a person not feeling well with eye ache, headache and/or neck ache.
Further, once the eyes have become sensitized to the offensive light source (which can occur even in short duration exposures), they may become even more photosensitive with extreme pain occurring upon exposure to light.
Bright overhead lighting may make shopping a very painful experience for example, or render the patient dysfunctional in the work place.
Office lighting intended to allow employees to get their work done may prevent one with photophobia from getting the job done and lead to such person getting fired.
The physical and psychological effects of being in constant pain and overwhelmed with bright light that co-workers cannot perceive also stacks the deck heavily against one with photophobia having a successful career or even making a living.
Cultural factors associating darkness with evil, lack of interest or training among general practitioners or specialists, and a historical lack of medical research interest/support in the area have also tended to stigmatize and isolate photophobia patients, leaving them vulnerable to workplace discrimination or unfair treatment/job loss.
Patients may develop photophobia as a result of several different medical conditions, related to the eye, the nervous system, genetic, or other causes.
Common causes of photophobia include migraine headaches, TMJ, cataracts, Sjögren syndrome, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI), or severe ophthalmologic diseases such as uveitis or corneal abrasion.
The best treatment for light sensitivity is to address the underlying cause, whether it be an eye, nervous system or other cause.
Notwithstanding recent progress in understanding light sensitivity of the eye, much more research is needed to better understand and treat photophobia, especially where it relates to migraine or other nervous system disorders.
People with photophobia may feel eye pain from even moderate levels of artificial light and avert their eyes from artificial light sources.
Ambient levels of artificial light may also be intolerable to persons afflicted with photophobia such that they dim or remove the light source, or go into a dimmer lit room, such a one lit by refraction of light from outside the room.
Some types of photophobia may be helped with the use of precision tinted lenses which block the green-to-blue end of the light spectrum without blurring or impeding vision.
Other strategies for relieving photophobia include the use of tinted contact lenses and/or the use of prescription eye drops that constrict the pupil, thus reducing the amount of light entering the eye.
Photophobia may preclude or limit a person from working in places where offensive lighting is virtually ubiquitous (e.g., big box stores, airports, libraries, hospitals, warehouses, offices, workshops, classrooms, supermarkets and storage spaces), unless the person is able to obtain a reasonable accommodation (which may be required to be provided by an employer under the Americans with Disabilities Act).
Some people with photophobia may be better able to work at night, or be more easily accommodated in the work place at night.
Outdoor night lighting may be equally offensive for persons with photophobia, however, given the wide variety of bright lighting used for illuminating residential, commercial and industrial areas, such as LED lamps.
Initially, fourteen were ordered for the RAN, five of which were intended for the Papua New Guinea Division of the RAN, although another six ships were ordered to bring the class to twenty vessels.
The patrol boats had a displacement of 100 tons at standard load and 146 tons at full load, were in length overall, had a beam of , and draughts of at standard load, and at full load.
Main armament was a bow-mounted Bofors 40 mm gun, supplemented by two .50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns and various small arms.
Primary roles of the new patrol boats were fisheries protection and sea training, but also undertook search and rescue, medical evacuation and monitoring of navigational aids roles.
The Sibuyan Sea is a small sea in the Philippines that separates the Visayas from the northern Philippine island of Luzon.
It is bounded by the island of Panay to the south, Mindoro to the west, Masbate to the east, and to the north Marinduque and the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon Island.
The Sibuyan Sea is connected to the Sulu Sea via the Tablas Strait in the west, the South China Sea via the Isla Verde Passage in the northwest, and the Visayan Sea via the Jintotolo Channel in the south-east.
The ships were equipped with two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by 4 water-tube boilers.
The class was already top-heavy and the addition of the magazine reportedly made it worse, so the decision was made not to equip the other nine ships with magazines.
They were fired via the dual-arm Mark 10 launcher and the ships stowed a total of 40 missiles for the launcher.
It has the largest circulation of any newspaper in Quebec and is also the largest French-language daily newspaper in North America.
Established by Pierre Péladeau in 1964, it is owned by Quebecor Media, and is hence a sister publication of TVA flagship CFTM-DT.
Since 2013 the newspaper also has an investigation desk that published several major news about Quebec's politics, businesses, crime and national security.
Over the years, the newspaper gained a substantial share of increasingly important market, sending a significant number of copies to the American state of Florida—Florida is a popular destination for snowbird Quebecers.
In the wake of its expansion, the paper enlisted the services of several renowned journalists who previously had worked for competitors, including Jacques Beauchamp and André Rufiange.
But one of the key journalists of this tabloid was Gérard Cellier, a French immigrant who landed in Quebec in 1956.
For 21 years he was largely responsible for the success of this newspaper, and in many respects, was one of the spearheads of the Quebecor empire.
Then, following the death of Desrameaux, Solange Harvey took over the column, known as 'Le courrier de Solange' for 25 years.
In 2003, one of its journalists, Brigitte McCann, infiltrated the Raëlians, over the course of nine months, before publishing a series of reports and eventually a book.
Following a series of investigations into the Hells Angels motorcycle gang, reporter Michel Auger became the victim of an attempted assassination by individuals associated with the outlaw motorcycle gang.
This change was accompanied by the addition of several new columnists, including journalist and television host Richard Martineau, former Quebec government ministers Yves Séguin and Joseph Facal, former federal government Minister Sheila Copps, former hockey player Guy Lafleur and the ex-hacker Mafiaboy.
On January 24, 2009, Quebecor Media locked out 243 of its unionized staff, who are members of the Confédération des Syndicats Nationaux.
At the heart of the dispute, was the increased convergence between media outlets in the group, job cuts in the classified advertising and accounting departments, and the lengthening of the workweek.
After 25 months on strike, 64% of unionized employees agreed to a settlement proposal submitted by an arbitrator to the case.
It has a surface area of , a mean elevation of above sea level, and is located between the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay.
The lake reaches a maximum depth of 64 m (210 ft) near the mouth of the French River, off the shore of Blueberry Island.
The lake has many islands most of which are protected under the Protection of Significant Wetlands scheme, controlled by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.
During the American Revolutionary War, Lake Nipissing was proposed as the boundary in the instructions of the Continental Congress to John Adams, the Commissioner appointed to negotiate a treaty of Peace with Great Britain.
The first permanent European settlement on the lake dates from around 1874 with a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company on the northwest corner in what is now Sturgeon Falls.
The name Nipissing was also given to many places in the area, notably the Township of Nipissing, Nipissing District, and Nipissing University.
In the days of fur trade, coureur des bois and later voyageurs travelled through the lake by canoe via the Mattawa and French rivers.
After World War I, the primary economic activity became tourism and recreation, although logging still contributes a significant economic stimulus to the area.
white pine is significant, however, broadleaf trees such as aspen, ash, birch, maple and oak predominate some of the larger islands.
Some of the larger islands on the lake such as Garden Island are almost exclusively broadleaf with maple, oak and dogwood.
A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
In digital signals the up and down transitions between high and low levels are called the rising edge and the falling edge.
In digital systems the detection of these sides or action taken in response is termed edge-triggered, rising or falling depending on which side of rectangular pulse.
The sinc pulse is of some significance in signal-processing theory but cannot be produced by a real generator for reasons of causality.
In 2013, Nyquist pulses were produced in an effort to reduce the size of pulses in optical fibers, which enables them to be packed 10x more closely together, yielding a corresponding 10x increase in bandwidth.
In music and music theory, the pulse consists of beats in a (repeating) of identical yet distinct periodic short-duration stimuli perceived as points in time occurring at the mensural level.
If a pulse becomes too fast it would become a drone; one that is too slow would be perceived as unconnected sounds.
When the period of any continuous beat is faster than 8–10 per second or slower than 1 per 1.5–2 seconds, it cannot be perceived as such.
The pulse is not necessarily the fastest or the slowest component of the rhythm but the one that is perceived as basic.
While ideal pulses are identical, when pulses are variously accented, this produces two- or three-pulse pulse groups such as strong-weak and strong-weak-weak and any longer group may be broken into such groups of two and three.
Pulse groups may be distinguished as synchronous, if all pulses on slower levels coincide with those on faster levels, and nonsynchronous, if not.
An isochronal or equally spaced pulse on one level that uses varied pulse groups (rather than just one pulse group the whole piece) create a pulse on the (slower) multiple level that is non-isochronal (a stream of 2+3... at the eighth note level would create a pulse of a quarter note+dotted quarter note as its multiple level).
A front-page illustration on December 3, 1904 issue celebrated the 50th anniversary of the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.
The graphic design was modernized, new sections were created, international coverage was greatly increased, and many new young, up-and-coming journalists were hired.
The newspaper announced in September 2015 that it would end its weekday print edition in 2016 and that thereafter the weekday paper would be available only in digital form.
The newspaper's editorials endorsed the federalist option in both the 1980 Quebec referendum and the 1995 Quebec referendum which were held on the issue of Quebec's national-sovereignism.
It supported same-sex marriage legislation in Canada, the protests against the War in Iraq, and criticized both sides in the 2012 Quebec student protests.
This was primarily out of a reasoning that the Canadian government was in need of a necessary change after more than 12 years of Liberal Party of Canada rules.
Formerly of strong industrial tradition, Tarbes today tries to diversify its activities, particularly in aeronautics and high tech around the different zones of activities which are increasing.
Tarbes is a Pre-Pyrenees town within the rich agricultural plain of the river Adour, southwest of Toulouse, to the east of Bayonne, southwest of Auch and northeast of Lourdes.
Tarbes is 1 hr 30 mins from the Atlantic Ocean, 2 hrs 50 mins from the Languedoc coast and 35 minutes from the nearest ski resorts.
Tarbes is crossed to the east by the Adour river and to the west by the Échez and by the Gespe, a tributary which joins the Échez on the territory of the commune.
Tarbes benefits from its privileged location in the area of the Adour, a milder microclimate than at Lourdes, from a higher altitude, and somewhat less rainy than in Pau, and sunnier.
After many wanderings, she arrived in Bigorre and built her home on the Adour to found the town of Tarbes, and its sister, on the banks of the Gave de Pau, arose as Lourdes.
In the 3rd century BC, the foundations of Tarbes began to emerge, based on the testimonies of the exhumed remains which had been buried.
To continue their journey, they had to use a ford in order to cross the Adour which descended from the mountain.
It was more prudent to split the loads to cross the ford as a result of which a pause was necessary.
In the 5th and 6th centuries, as a result of the barbarian invasions which swept in successive waves, the city shrank around the castrum, of which a remnant remains in the rear courtyard of the prefecture.
At the end of the 12th century, the count of Bigorre settled in his castle of Tarbes, resulting with the court of justice being in his suite.
At the end of the medieval centuries, the city was composed of six separate fortified towns, juxtaposed and aligned on an east-west axis, where the original core was ordered around the cathedral.
There were thus la Sède, Carrère, Maubourguet and Bourg Vieux flanked to the east of the Count's castle, with Bourg Neuf and Bourg Crabé each surrounded by their own walls.
During the Wars of Religion, in 1569, the troops of Jeanne d'Albret burned the cathedral, the convents and other churches as well as the bishopric.
In the 17th century, after the plague and the problems of housing people of war, Tarbes ensured its revival with the reconstruction of the Episcopal Palace in 1652 (today the office of the prefecture), the foundation of a third hospital in 1690 and two new convents (Capuchins and Ursulines).
Irrigation of the land and the water power used by the craftsmen were produced by the system of canals derived from the Adour.
Then, the Constituent Assembly, which included Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (Deputy of Bigorre to the Estates-General), decided to undertake administrative reform and Tarbes benefitted by becoming capital of the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées.
In 1877, a donation by the former Mayor Antoine Brauhauban was responsible for the construction of an imposing hall which bore his name (this building was destroyed in 1970 to establish outdoor parking).
After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, General Verchère de Reffye transformed the experimental workshop of Meudon (transferred by train to Tarbes) construction of an artillery workshop (called an arsenal by the people of Tarbes).
Thus, Tarbes became an industrial and working-class town but also asserted its military vocation by the construction of the Larrey, Soult and Reffye quarters.
During World War II, the Resistance was also part of the everyday life of the town of Tarbes, which was awarded the Croix de Guerre.
In addition to its privileged geographical situation, less than an hour from the Pyrenees mountains, two hours from the Atlantic Ocean and three hours from the Mediterranean via the La Pyrénéenne autoroute, the city offers a certain lifestyle and boasts a cultural life which is packed with clubs and sport.
this is particularly illustrated in the field of railway construction and aeronautics with the presence of nearby companies such as Alstom and Daher.
Its headquarters and its main industrial site are located on the outskirts of the Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées Airport in the canton of Ossun, south of Grand Tarbes, where its facilities are spread over , of which are covered surfaces.
Ossun, a neighbouring commune of the agglomeration, is also home to TARMAC, a company dedicated to the dismantling of aircraft for which it was necessary to construct an imposing building.
The platform is, again, installed on the Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées airport area, and revolves around the three complementary activities of storage, maintenance and deconstruction.
Tarbes also houses the second University centre of the Midi-Pyrénées with a University Institute of technology (IUT) and National School of Engineers of Tarbes (ENIT) having more than 5,000 students.
This offer is complemented by that of the TER and Intercités for important exchanges with Toulouse, Pau and the Basque coast.
Tarbes is also served by the A64 allowing in the direction of Toulouse, to drive freely to Lannemezan or Capvern, and towards Bayonne and joining Pau, which is also accessible from the .
The new portion of dual-carriageway of the N21 which opened in December 2012 between Tarbes and Lourdes aims to promote economic and tourism links between the Bigorre capital and second city of the department, as well as to Argelès-Gazost already connected a Marian estate by a dual-carriageway section.
Tarbes is the capital of the Hautes-Pyrénées department and concentrates various utilities including the court of grand instance, a branch of the Bank of France, the Chamber of Commerce and local industry, the Chamber of skilled crafts, crafts and Services.
In the elections of 1959, the outgoing Socialist mayor, Marcel Billières, was a victim of the resilience of the Communist Party but especially also the shift to the right, which managed to seize the city hall with the election of Paul Boyrie.
In this election, the Communist prevailed in the first round (50.6%), at the head of a list of union of the left.
He was reelected in 1983 with 54.8% against Jean Journé (UDF-RPR), but took ill with a heart attack during the count.
The new councillor regained his chair in 1989 with 54.1% against Jean Journé (UDF-RPR), then with a reduced majority (51.3%) in 1995, against Gérard Trémège (UDF-RPR).
2001 then marked a brand new change: Gérard Trémège, after a merger of the lists of DL-UDF and RPR, became mayor with 50.1% of the vote (26 votes in advance).
It now includes the municipalities of Aureilhan, Bordères-sur-l'Échez, Bours, Ibos, Laloubère, Louey, Odos, Orleix, Séméac, Salles-Adour, Sarrouilles, Soues and Tarbes, and thus contains some 75,000 inhabitants on 1 January 2015 (2012 legal population, INSEE).
The mayor of Tarbes, Gerard Manty, was the presidenct until the 2014 municipal elections where he had to give way to the Socialist mayor of Orleix, Charles Habas, because of the more left-wing position of Odos.
The school's educational project aims to give versatile training in engineering, industrial engineering, strong culture and openness, able to design, implement and construct industrial systems and production equipment, in respect of the environment and safety.
Located at the Spanish border, the University of Pau and Pays de L'adour (UPPA) is a network of 4 campuses, which are in Tarbes, the Hautes-Pyrénées campus, at the gates of the National Park of the Pyrenees and the Observatoire du Pic du Midi de Bigorre.
The diplomas awarded in Tarbes: Arts, letters, languages, humanities and social sciences, sport (2 degrees), and science and technology (3 degrees).
The University Institute of Teacher Training of the Midi-Pyrénées (IUFM), become internal school of the University of Toulouse II – Le Mirail, offers courses at level Bac+4 and Bac+5 for access to competitive examination of the teaching order, in particular, to become ().
It's the EFE-ESE (Childhood Education Teacher Training specialty, schooling in the 1st degree and Education) declined through several research courses including one in Occitan.
Established in 1998, at the initiative of the prefet Jean Dussourd and encouraged by Mr. Joël-René Dupont, Academy Inspector, this private institute (the Kaddouch education is partner of the Sorbonne) teaches the pedagogy of with the teachers of the European music conservatories, and provides music education to students of all ages whose youngest are babies of five months old.
The city has also a medical centre spread over three sites that make up the Intercommunal Hospital Centre of Tarbes - Vic-en-Bigorre (CHIC-TV).
From the 21st century, the communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants have a census take place every year as a result of a sample survey, unlike the other communes which have a real census every five years.
The population of the commune of Tarbes (legal municipal population 2010) established on 1 January 2013, at 43,034 inhabitants, thus placing the commune as fourth of the Midi-Pyrénées region after Toulouse (441,802 inhabitants), Montauban (56,271 inhabitants) and Albi (48,916 inhabitants).
In 1995, the Communauté d'agglomération of Grand Tarbes (12 communes, 78,493 inhabitants) was created which, regionally, ranks third behind the Grand Toulouse (37 communes, 705,000 inhabitants), Castres-Mazamet (16 communes, 85,000 inhabitants), Grand Albigeois (17 communes, 82,181 inhabitants) and before Montauban (7 communes of Montauban-Trois rivières, 64,489 inhabitants).
It includes the more urbanised communes and those nearest to Tarbes, whether or not in the Communauté d'agglomération of Grand Tarbes.
We can include the communes of Juillan (4,078 inhabitants), Ossun (2,383 inhabitants), Azereix (1,019 inhabitants, Louey (1,018 inhabitants), Lanne (585 inhabitants), Barbazan-Debat (3,571 inhabitants), Bazet (1 674 inhabitants), Oursbelille (1,243 inhabitants), Momères (676 inhabitants) and Horgues (1,115 inhabitants).
In addition, the perimeter of the Grand Tarbes is three times less than that of the urban area which, with 115,857 inhabitants (2009), is the second of the Pyrenees behind Toulouse (1,102,882 inhabitants) and ahead of Albi (92,927 inhabitants) and Montauban (82,193 inhabitants).
Not far away, lies the old college of Tarbes which became the Lycée Impérial in 1853 and was renamed Lycée Théophile Gautier in 1911.
Inaugurated in 1897, the monumental fountain of the Quatre-Vallées, combining cast iron and sculpture, figures the valleys of Bagnères, Aure, Argelès and the plain of Tarbes.
The Montaut fountain is set at the centre of this public space and was moved close to the square of the same name.
In 2008, the ensemble was further complemented by the construction of a nearby square planted with palm trees, in the north of its namesake Sainte-Thérèse Church.
It was created by Napoleon in 1806 and is the birthplace of a refined breed of horses, the Anglo-Arabian, which are provided to the regiments of hussars.
The development of the Larrey, Soult and Reffye quarters saw the assertion of the military role of Tarbes in the 19th and 20th centuries.
With regard to the Larrey barracks (1825), the majesty of the central building, long and flanked by two side buildings, is reinforced by the existence of an accessible courtyard from a portal framed by two pavilions of neoclassical inspiration.
The ensemble is located in the axis of the Leclerc martial walkways which concentrate memorials including the monumental equestrian statue of Marshal Foch erected in 1935. is represented riding Marboré, a horse owned by the Fould family.
The former site of the Arsenal has been renovated to accommodate shops, places of leisure (cinema, a second bowling facility, laser quest, restaurants, etc.
Its industrial deterioration occurred following the 2003 announcement of the closure of the GIAT site, heir to the arsenal of 1871.
Alongside the former Episcopal Palace which became the prefecture, the Notre-Dame-de-la-Sede Cathedral has a classical façade dating from the 17th century.
In contrast, the apse chapel is topped by a lantern tower which was enlarged in the Gothic period and the transept dating from the 12th century are primarily marked by the Romanesque origins of the building.
The bell tower, which is one of the oldest items, dates from the 15th century and is a remnant of the ancient abbey.
Founded in 1986, the Serbian Orthodox Church of Notre-Dame Source de Vie [Our Lady Source of Life] is decorated with beautiful murals.
The current Théophile Gautier high school, once led by the Doctrinaires (brothers of Christian Doctrine), houses a chapel which has an altar which is classified as an historical monument.
In the La Sède quarter the prefecture and the cathedral are visible, the family home of Marshal Foch dating from the 17th century was converted into a museum.
It is possible to visit the room where he was born, and the office of the Marshal, and to observe objects which are related to him.
They are recognisable by their carved wooden doors, their coloured plaster frames which enhance grey marmorifere stone, with their wooden roofed balconies and their slate roofs pierced by skylights.
English Imperial style or even villas dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, adorn the Massey Garden, the Bel Air Park, the Paul Chastellain Park and their respective quarters.
Tarbes obtained its fourth flower in 2002 under the Competition of floral cities and villages and seeks to maintain this distinction.
It is thus a privileged relaxation area near to the Carmel exhibition hall, the Louis Aragon media library and the Berrens Park tennis courts.
At the centre of the Bel Air Park, sits the old Château Delong better known today as the Villa Bel Air which has become a children's recreation centre.
The Chastellain Park is the haven of greenery of the Villa Fould which contains the administrative headquarters of the Pyrenees National Park.
Along the leafy Leclerc paths are gathered various monuments commemorating the two world wars, and which has the equestrian statue of Marshal Foch.
The Museum of Deportation and Resistance, inaugurated in 1989, was the brainchild of the associations of former deportees and former resistance fighters.
The city of Tarbes is to the delight of audiophiles, with the last independent record store of the south-west, which moved premises from Pau.
In addition to the exhibition halls, the various stages and theatres of the city, including that of La Gespe devoted to contemporary music.
The main theatre remains that of the Nouveautés but Le Parvis, a multidisciplinary cultural institution combining music, dance and cinema on the outskirts in the heart of the Le Meridien commercial centre, sees many pieces played within.
In existence since Gallo-Roman times, however its actual creation date was during the 11th century, when Madiran Abbey was founded by the Benedictine monks.
After ageing, its tannins are softened and it develops aromas of great finesse, mingling the smells of toasted bread and spices and thus blends perfectly with regional dishes.
A very old breed which was rescued from extinction in 1981, this exceptional product requires outdoor rearing conditions which respect the requirements of this pedigree and relies on traditional knowledge.
This cone is slowly basted with paste to obtain successive layers, which after several hours of cooking, give a cone-shaped cake.
It can be stored for more than a month and must be consumed at the end of the third day, with or without custard.
The Pratt & Whitney PW6000 is a high-bypass turbofan jet engine designed for the Airbus A318 with a design thrust range of .
Pratt & Whitney designed the engine with minimum complexity to significantly reduce maintenance cost and achieve weight and fuel consumption savings.
To address the problem, Pratt & Whitney re-certified an updated design utilizing a six-stage high compressor designed by MTU Aero Engines in order to achieve promised performance.
The engine made its first flight August 21, 2000 on a test aircraft flown from Plattsburgh International Airport (KPBG), successfully completing a 1-hour-20-minute flight.
LAN Airlines confirmed an order for 15 Airbus A318 aircraft, for a total of 34 engines (30 installed and 4 spares) powered by PW-6000 engines on 15 August 2005.
Prior to the LAN order, 84 CFM56-5 powered Airbus A318 aircraft had been ordered, with 28 currently in service as of December 2005.
The range of television comedy is extremely broad to the extent that anything under the heading comedy can be put before an audience through the medium of television.
Often performed before a live audience (or, in some cases, a simulated live audience in the form of a laugh track), usually filmed or taped with a multiple-camera setup, and almost always a half-hour in length, sitcoms are seldom presented as realistic depictions of life but often generate honest humor through the relationships between and ongoing development of characters.
A comedy-drama, is a program that combines humor with more serious dramatic elements, aiming for a considerably more realistic tone than conventional sitcoms.
These programs are shot with a single-camera setup and presented without a laugh track, and typically run an hour in length.
Sketch comedy programs differ from sitcoms in that they do not basically feature recurring characters (though some characters and scenarios may be repeated) and often draw upon current events and emphasize satire over character development.
Their style of comedy was swept away almost entirely in the Britain of the early 1980s when a new generation of stand-ups challenged what they saw as racist and sexist humour and revolutionised the form under the banner alternative comedy.
Stand-up humour later had mixed fortunes on the small screen, often shunted away to the small hours or as part of a larger entertainment extravaganza.
There are many UK comedies in which the format is that of a gameshow, and may give the guests a chance to perform stand up comedy to win a round.
Early children's programming often recycled theatrical cartoons; later, low-budget animation produced especially for television dominated Saturday-morning network programming in the US.
Initially, fourteen were ordered for the RAN, five of which were intended for the Papua New Guinea Division of the RAN, although another six ships were ordered to bring the class to twenty vessels.
The patrol boats had a displacement of 100 tons at standard load and 146 tons at full load, were in length overall, had a beam of , and draughts of at standard load, and at full load.
Main armament was a bow-mounted Bofors 40 mm gun, supplemented by two .50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns and various small arms.
Primary roles of the new patrol boats were fisheries protection and sea training, but also undertook search and rescue, medical evacuation and monitoring of navigational aids roles.
Over three days, the patrol boat battle large seas delivering medical supplies to islands and evacuating injured people, including tourists from Hayman Island at the height of the storm.
The vessel's commander, Lieutenant John Scott, RAN, was awarded an MBE for leadership during the rescue efforts, while two other personnel, CPO Kenneth William Matters and RO J Sehi were awarded the BEM.
The State University of New York College at Cortland (SUNY Cortland or Cortland State College) is a public college in Cortland, New York.
The State University of New York College at Cortland was founded in 1868 as the Cortland Normal School, which included among its earliest students inventor and industrialist Elmer A. Sperry of Sperry Rand Corp.
SUNY Cortland also operates its Outdoor Education Center at Raquette Lake in the Adirondacks, the Hoxie Gorge Nature Preserve outside Cortland, and the Brauer Education Center on the Helderberg Escarpment near Albany.
The U.S. Department of the Interior in 2004 designated Camp Pine Knot, now known as the Huntington Memorial Camp and part of its Outdoor Education center at Raquette Lake, N.Y., as the first and only National Historic Landmark within the State University of New York (SUNY).
Camp Pine Knot was the first Great Camp of the Adirondacks and the birthplace of what is now known as the Adirondack style of architecture.
Today, approximately 7,200 students are pursuing degrees within the College's three academic divisions — arts and sciences, education and professional studies.
Twenty-eight academic departments with a faculty of more than 600 offer the SUNY Cortland student body 50 majors and 38 minors from which to choose, plus 33 graduate majors and four certificates of advanced study.
The SLC covers more than 150,000 square feet and includes a three-court gymnasium, a swimming pool, indoor running track, rock climbing wall, dining bistro, table tennis room, game room, combatives room, various exercise spaces, a golf simulator, and state-of-the-art cardio and weight training equipment.
Football played in the New Jersey Athletic Conference from 2000–14 and became an affiliate member of the Empire 8 in 2015.
Wrestling competes in the Empire Collegiate Wrestling Conference, the women's ice hockey team competes in the ECAC West, women's gymnastics is a National Collegiate Gymnastics Association (NCGA) East member, and women's golf is an independent, as those sports are not offered by the SUNYAC.
SUNY Cortland has had the most regional successful men's and women's intercollegiate athletics program in New York over the past two decades.
In 1995, the Sears Directors' Cup was established to gauge and recognize the most successful intercollegiate athletics programs in the nation.
SUNY Cortland is one of only five colleges and universities in the U.S. to have finished every year among the Top 25 NCAA Division III programs.
Cortland placed 12th out of approximately 440 schools during the 2015–16 competition that is now known as the Learfield Sports Directors' Cup.
The Cortland Red Dragons annually play Ithaca College Bombers for the Cortaca Jug, which was added in 1959 to an already competitive rivalry.
The lacrosse team cemented its spot as a premier team with its second Division III national championship in 2009, defeating Gettysburg in the finals.
In 2006 as part of its Silver Anniversary of sponsoring women's sports, the NCAA named the SUNY Cortland women's cross country program as its top cross country program of the past 25 years.
The Cortland women captured seven NCAA Division III national championships in a nine-year span between 1989 and 1997 (1989, 1991–95, 1997).
Cortland previously hosted the summer training camp of the NFL's New York Jets from 2009–14, except for 2011 due to the NFL lockout.
Born in Dornal, Scotland, Neilson arrived in Quebec City, Lower Canada in 1791 to work for his uncle's printing company, which he inherited in 1793.
Elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in a partial election in 1818, he was re-elected until 1830 and supported the Parti canadien.
In 1823, he accompanied Louis-Joseph Papineau to London to lobby against the Union project in the name of the majority of the MPs in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
One of his granddaughters, Isabel Neilson married Charles Stuart Wolff, the son of Lt. Col. Alexander Joseph Wolff, a British soldier who was established in Valcartier, Canada in 1824.
This is a list of TV series that were made and or shown in South Africa since TV’s inception during 1975.
He was accused of taking part in Operation Condor and several terrorist attacks, including bombing of a Cuban civilian airliner on 6 October 1976 in which all 73 people on board were killed, including many young members of a Cuban fencing team and five North Koreans.
The bombing is alleged to have been plotted at a 1976 meeting in Washington, D.C. attended by Bosch, Luis Posada Carriles, and DINA agent Michael Townley.
Bosch was given safe haven within the US in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush, who in 1976 as head of the CIA had declined an offer by Costa Rica to extradite Bosch.
In 1946 Bosch enrolled in the University of Havana medical school, where he first met Fidel Castro; Bosch was president of the medical school student body while Castro was head of the law school student body.
Bosch's first wife, Myriam, was a fellow medical school graduate and moved with him to Miami in July 1960, along with their four children, which soon became five.
After meeting Castro at the University of Havana, Bosch went on to play a part in underground cells that later carried out the Cuban Revolution of 1959.
He returned to Cuba after the Revolution, but rapidly became disillusioned, leaving Cuba in July 1960 after helping to organize a failed anti-Castro rebellion in the Escambray mountains.
In his autobiography, Bosch wrote that he had refused to participate in the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion because the US had refused to help the Escambray rebellion.
Bosch was in contact with the CIA in 1962 and 1963, as the agency itself admitted, as recorded in the National Security Archive.
In 1968 Bosch was arrested in Florida for an attack on a Polish freighter with a 57 mm recoilless rifle and was sent to prison for a ten-year term.
The US also accused Bosch of involvement in the August 1975 attempted assassination of Emilio Aragones, the Cuban ambassador to Argentina, and the September 1976 bombing of the Mexican Embassy in Guatemala City.
After an arrest in Costa Rica which saw the US decline an offer by the authorities to extradite Bosch to the United States, he was deported to the Dominican Republic, where June 1976 saw the founding of the Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU).
Bosch entered Venezuela in mid-September 1976 under the protection of Venezuelan president Carlos Andrés Pérez, according to the National Security Archive.
A CIA document described a $1,000-a-plate fundraiser in Caracas, Venezuela, held between 22 September and 5 October 1976, to support Bosch's activities.
On 6 October 1976 Cubana Flight 455 was destroyed after takeoff by the detonation of a bomb that had been placed in the aircraft toilets.
All seventy-three people on board were killed, including many young members of a Cuban fencing team and five people from North Korea.
The bombing would likely have been plotted at the same meeting, attended by Posada Carriles and DINA agent Michael Townley, where the assassination of the former Chilean minister Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C. in 1976, was decided upon.
Bosch was arrested in Caracas on 8 October 1976, and held for nearly four years while awaiting trial for his role concerning the Cubana Flight 455 bombing.
He was acquitted along with three co-defendants (one of them Luis Posada Carriles) of these charges in September 1980, with the court finding that the flight had been brought down by a bomb but that there was insufficient evidence to prove the defendants were responsible.
Bosch was convicted of possessing false identification papers, and sentenced to 4 and a half months, set against time already served.
Miami area law enforcement officials linked Bosch to several dynamite bombings, including a blast in the offices of Mackey Airlines in 1977, after the airline announced plans to resume flights to Cuba.
However, upon the direct intervention of Jeb Bush, he was granted permission to stay by the administration of George H. W. Bush.
It is located near the delta of the Markham River and at the start of the Highlands Highway, which is the main land transport corridor between the Highlands region and the coast.
Lucas (1972) describes the history of Lae into four periods; the mission phase (1886–1920), the gold phase (1926 until World War II), the timber and agricultural phase (until 1965) and the industrial boom (from 1965 with the opening of the Highlands Highway.
Between 1884 and 1918 the German New Guinea Company established trading posts in Kaiser Wilhelmsland, German New Guinea and on 12 July 1886, a German missionary, Johann Flierl, a pioneer missionary for the Southern Australian Lutheran Synod and the Neuendettelsau Mission Society, sailed to Simbang in Finschhafen, Kaiser-Wilhelmsland and arrived at Lae shortly after.
After World War I, Eastern New Guinea came under British control (Australia) and many of the Germanic names were replaced by English or indigenous ones.
Australian officials or kiaps were stationed at various locations within the area and in 1921 the military administration transitioned to a civilian administration, a gold prospector named Cecil John Levien was appointed District Officer (Kiap) of Morobe.
In July 1937, Lae made world news when American aviator Amelia Earhart was last seen flying out of the airport on her way back to the United States.
When the volcanic eruptions occurred in Rabaul in 1937, a decision was made to transfer the capital of the Territory of New Guinea to Lae.
The naval Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943 was fought over the Japanese attempt to reinforce Lae with troops sent by sea from Rabaul, an attempt foiled by sustained Allied attack on the Japanese troop transports.
In mid-1943, after defeats in the Kokoda Track campaign, the Battle of Buna–Gona and the Battle of Wau, the Japanese retreated to Lae and Salamaua.
In 1971 the Australian Colonial Administration established the first properly constituted Local Government of Lae town and in 1972 Lae was proclaimed a city.
Lae sits between the larger Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate on the South Bismarck Plate in the Ramu-Markham Fault Zone where the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone and South Bismarck tectonic plates are converging at up to 50 mm/yr.
More than 15 years of measurements have been analysed with results indicating how rapidly Lae city and its survey network is deforming.
The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone, which follows the northern edge of the Markham Valley, is the active plate boundary between the South Bismarck Plate and tectonostratigraphic terranes within the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone.
6 April 1999 MW 6.4, 16 km North of Lae, near Hobu, and 22 November 2007 MW 6.8, 110 km North of Lae).
Geological evidence suggests that major earthquakes in pre-historic times have occurred in the Lae area, and that there is the potential for another large earthquake to occur anytime within the next 100 years (in).
Mount Lunaman is high and has a radio tower at the highest point marked by red fixed obstruction lights to assist navigation.
It is an Urban Municipal Authority, responsible for the policy decisions, management and administration of the City, by way of providing the municipal services to the residents of the City.
The political structure consists of the Lord Mayor as the head, who is elected by the people, with five elected, and three nominated Councilors.
The Lae City has 137 kilometers of roads, which the National Government is responsible for the maintenance of the Independence Drive, the Markham Road, and the Milford Haven Road, while the Lae City Council maintains the rest of the roads in the City.
Lae features a tropical rainforest climate under Köppen's climate classification, more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and with no cyclones so equatorial.
Temperatures show little variance during a typical year in the city, with January temperatures averaging roughly and July temperatures averaging .
This is due to the fact that the Morobe Province produces the best taros, bananas, sweet potatoes, yams, fruits and vegetables etc., which have been sought after by many Papua New Guineans as well as expatriates.
Apart from Lae Main Market, wards and mini-markets are also available to cater for the needs of the growing population of the city.
The Papua New Guinea University of Technology is based outside Lae and is the second largest university in PNG after its 'sister' university the University of Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby.
While University of Papua New Guinea concentrates on the arts, pure sciences, law and medicine, the University of Technology focuses on research in technological or applied sciences.
Lae War Cemetery was established in 1944, and is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens in the center of the city.
The cemetery holds the remains of over 2,800 soldiers, many of whom died in the Salamaua–Lae campaign, but also those who died in Japanese detention on the Island.
It is a main referral hospital for the general Morobe Province area, as well as the other provinces connected by road link .
Travelers to Lae should seek expert medical advice regarding malaria prophylaxis as well as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis and typhoid vaccinations.
There was a significant outbreak of cholera based in the Morobe District in 2009 and consideration of vaccination would be prudent.
Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy () is a book by the sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy.
Michels's main argument is that all organizations, even those in theory most egalitarian and most committed to democracy – like socialist political parties – are in fact oligarchical, and dominated by a small group of leadership.
The book also provides a first systematic analysis of how a radical political party loses its radical goals under the dynamics of electoral participation.
He observed that contrary to democratic and egalitarian principles, both society in general, and specific organizations in particular are dominated by the leadership – the oligarchy.
This, according to Michels, was not because of any particular weakness of a particular society or organization in question, but a characteristic of any and all complex social systems.
Michels concluded that in any complex organization, and such dominate the modern world, it is impossible to escape domination of oligarchy - a conclusion which became known as the iron law of oligarchy.
Such leaders will amass resources (superior knowledge control over the formal means of communication with the membership, and the skill in the art of politics) given them power at the expense of rank and file members.
In order to prevent the development of an oligarchy, the regular members must be involved in various activities of the organizations; however, reality of time constrains due to work, family and leisure will reduce the amount of time that most such members are willing to dedicate to active involvement in organizational activities and politics.
It was radical organization in his time, fighting for novel concepts such as adult suffrage, free speech, and popular participation in the government.
Michels noted that if an organization dedicated to such principles failed to realize its democratic ideals in its own governance, it is unlikely that other organizations, even less concerned with such lofty goals, would be able to function as democracies.
Michels work significantly influenced the views on political party theory by his friend and one of the founding fathers of sociology, Max Weber.
A number of other theorists of political parties acknowledged that this work was a major influence on theirs, including James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, Maurice Duverger, and Robert McKenzie, among others.
Beyond political parties, Michels work was used to explain the functioning of numerous other voluntary organizations from trade unions to medical associations.
His theories are also seen as being applicable and influential to the study of all organizations in general, as well as theories of bureaucracy.
Jeffrey Allen Townes (born January 22, 1965), known professionally as DJ Jazzy Jeff or simply Jazz, is an American record producer, DJ, actor and comedian who is best known for his friendship and collaboration with Will Smith as DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince.
He took the stage name DJ Jazzy Jeff and was one half of the duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince along with Will Smith.
A running joke throughout the show's run involved the character being physically ejected from the house by Uncle Phil (James Avery), using the same footage for comedic effect.
At the time of winning the Grammy Award, DJ Jazzy Jeff came home crying as he had just $500 in the bank.
After DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince broke up, Townes went on to become a prominent R&B, soul, and neo soul record producer, establishing the A Touch of Jazz production company in his native Philadelphia.
Among the artists that Jazzy Jeff has helped develop are Eric Roberson, Jill Scott, Musiq Soulchild, Eminem, the Roots, Raheem DeVaughn, Darius Rucker, Talib Kweli, Floetry, Rhymefest, and many more.
In 2007, he appeared with Rhymefest in a video directed by Konee Rok, in which he makes music in his home recording studio with Rhymefest.
In August 2017, DJ Jazzy Jeff and Will Smith performed two shows in the Europe: MTV Summerblast Music Festival in Croatia and the Livewire Festival in Blackpool.
DJ Jazzy Jeff has two sons, Cory Townes (a journalist), whose mother is a schoolteacher; and Amir Mitchell-Townes (an actor, born 1999), whose mother is Kim Mitchell.
It was recorded at the Pus Cavern studio in Sacramento, CA, and released on February 7, 1994 through the Capricorn Records label.
On January 14, 2009 a special limited edition orange vinyl re-issue of the album was made available for purchase on the band's official website, which sold out in two days.
Given enough time, that pressure can gradually fracture the rock around it, creating a way for the magma to move upward.
If it finds its way to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption; consequently, many volcanoes are situated over magma chambers.
These chambers are hard to detect deep within the Earth, and therefore most of those known are close to the surface, commonly between 1 km and 10 km down.
The residing magma starts to cool, with the higher melting point components such as olivine crystallizing out of the solution, particularly near to the cooler walls of the chamber, and forming a denser conglomerate of minerals which sinks (cumulative rock).
If magma resides in a chamber for a long period, then it can become stratified with lower density components rising to the top and denser materials sinking.
Any subsequent eruption may produce distinctly layered deposits; for example, the deposits from the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius include a thick layer of white pumice from the upper portion of the magma chamber overlaid with a similar layer of grey pumice produced from material erupted later from lower in the chamber.
Another effect of the cooling of the chamber is that the solidifying crystals will release the gas (primarily steam) previously dissolved when they were liquid, causing the pressure in the chamber to rise, possibly sufficiently to produce an eruption.
Additionally, the removal of the lower melting point components will tend to make the magma more viscous (by increasing the concentration of silicates).
Thus, stratification of a magma chamber may result in an increase in the amount of gas within the magma near the top of the chamber, and also make this magma more viscous, potentially leading to a more explosive eruption than would be the case had the chamber not become stratified.
If the magma is not vented to the surface in a volcanic eruption, it will slowly cool and crystallize at depth to form an intrusive igneous body, one, for example, composed of granite or gabbro (see also pluton).
The location of magma chambers can be mapped using seismology: seismic waves from earthquakes move more slowly through liquid rock than solid, allowing measurements to pinpoint the regions of slow movement which identify magma chambers.
Mark Edward Smith (5 March 1957 – 24 January 2018) was an English singer and songwriter, who was the lead singer, lyricist and only constant member of the post-punk group the Fall.
Smith led the band from 1976 until his death, having formed the band after attending the June 1976 Sex Pistols gig at the Lesser Free Trade Hall in Manchester.
During their 42-year existence, the Fall's line-up included some 60 musicians with whom Smith released 32 studio albums and numerous singles and EPs.
He was known for his biting and targeted wit, evident in interviews, for which he was much in demand by music journalists throughout his career.
He was suspicious of the trappings of fame and largely avoided socialising with people associated with the music scene, including other Fall members.
Jack was too young to have fought in the war, but joined the army as soon as he was old enough.
The family moved to nearby Prestwich when he was six months old, occupying the house they inherited after his grandfather's death.
That year, he left home and moved in with his girlfriend and future Fall keyboardist, Una Baines, later of the Blue Orchids.
The Fall were named after the novel by Albert Camus, and initially consisted of Smith and his friends Martin Bramah, Una Baines and Tony Friel.
He gave up his job as a shipping clerk at Salford docks shortly afterward to devote his full energies to the band.
These include their early late 1970s line-up, the classic Fall period of Hanley and dual drummers, the Brix years of 1984-89, their early 1990s revival, and everything after the on-stage fight in New York, after which Hanley quit and Smith was arrested (see below).
Smith married American guitarist and Fall member Brix Smith on 19 July 1983, after they met in April 1983 in Chicago during a Fall American tour.
Marc Riley was fired for dancing to a Clash song during their Australian tour, although the two had had many arguments beforehand.
While the Fall never achieved widespread success beyond minor hit singles in the mid and late 1980s, they maintained a loyal cult following throughout their career.
Steve Hanley is regarded by some as one of the most talented bassists of his generation, equal to Peter Hook, Andy Rourke or Gary Mounfield.
Both feature readings of Fall lyrics set to electronic sound collages and samples of Fall songs, as well as contributions from members of The Fall.
He tended to write lyrics as free form prose into one of his many notebooks, and only later set them to pieces of music composed by Fall musicians.
His ability as a prose writer is evident in songs that abandon the verse/chorus format in favour of a long continuous narrative.
Fall songs written in this style are often not concerned with character or story development, more establishing a sense of place and atmosphere.
Fragments of his lyrics often appeared as handwritten scribbles on early Fall album and single covers, coupled with collages he had put together.
In interviews, Smith cited Colin Wilson, Arthur Machen, Wyndham Lewis, Thomas Hardy, Philip K. Dick as influences, as well as Edgar Allan Poe, Ezra Pound, Raymond Chandler, and H. P. Lovecraft.
Originally a Labour supporter, Smith originally left the Labour Party during the Falklands War (which he supported), then became further disillusioned with Labour during the Tony Blair era.
His work ethic and output, however, never declined and throughout his illness he continued to release a new album close to once a year.
Smith was both resigned and ambivalent about his legacy, especially in the terms of the fad-orientated music industry of which he was often harshly critical in his lyrics.
Despite this, he was widely influential and critically acclaimed throughout his career, in part because he did not seek to capitalise on, or associate with, then current trends, which after they had ended might have dated the band.
He was particularly dismissive of the Madchester scene, as well as the post-punk revival bands of the 2000s who cited him and The Fall as an influence, whom he personally felt owed more to Talking Heads.
Similarly, he refused to look backwards; when recording he was adamant that the Fall not repeat themselves stylistically, and when playing live he refused to play old songs.
PPM models use a set of previous symbols in the uncompressed symbol stream to predict the next symbol in the stream.
Each symbol (a letter, bit or any other amount of data) is ranked before it is compressed and, the ranking system determines the corresponding code word (and therefore the compression rate).
For instance, in arithmetic coding the symbols are ranked by their probabilities to appear after previous symbols and the whole sequence is compressed into a single fraction that is computed according to these probabilities.
Much of the work in optimizing a PPM model is handling inputs that have not already occurred in the input stream.
(In other words, Ppm estimates the probability of a new symbol as the ratio of the number of unique symbols to the total number of symbols observed).
The actual symbol selection is usually recorded using arithmetic coding, though it is also possible to use Huffman encoding or even some type of dictionary coding technique.
A PPM algorithm, rather than being used for compression, is used to increase the efficiency of user input in the alternate input method program Dasher.
The Dicta Boelcke is a list of fundamental aerial maneuvers of aerial combat formulated by First World War German flying ace, Oswald Boelcke.
Because of his success in aerial combat and analytic mind, he was tasked by Colonel Hermann von der Lieth-Thomsen with writing a pamphlet on aerial tactics.
Completed in June 1916, it was distributed throughout the German Air Service some two years before the French and British militaries followed suit with their own tactical guides.
Oswald Boelcke was one of the first effective warriors with an airplane as one of the original German pilots successful in air-to-air combat.
Often flying with Max Immelmann, Boelcke gained experience in the new realm of aerial combat as he discovered the utility of having a wingman, of massing fighter planes for increased fighting power, and of flying loose formations allowing individual pilots tactical independence.
Based on his successful combat experiences, he used his training as a professional soldier and his powers as an analytic thinker to design tactics for the use of aircraft in battle.
This was not unique; a few other fliers in the war were sharing such combat tips with one another on a personal level.
As historical study has shown, thus getting in the first shot in an engagement guarantees a successful attack over 80% of the time.
As a result of Boelcke's tactical concepts, the Imperial German Air Service exacted an ever greater toll on Allied aircraft right up until war's end.
When the next logical step was taken by the Germans in organizing fighter squadrons into a wing in June 1917, Richthofen was picked to lead it.
The United States Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), the United States Navy (USN), and the United States Air Force (USAF) each have their own air tactics manuals.
Nominated at age 86, she is the oldest person, as of 2020, to receive an Academy Award nomination in the category of Best Supporting Actress.
After attending the University of California, Berkeley, she embarked on a career in theater, performing in local productions and summer stock in Los Angeles and New York City.
In 1945, following a tenure as a contract player for Twentieth Century Fox, Stuart abandoned her acting career and shifted to a career as an artist, working as a fine printer and making paintings, serigraphy, miniature books, Bonsai, and découpage for the next three decades.
She produced numerous pieces during this period, many of which are part of collections in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
In addition to her acting and art careers, Stuart was lifelong environmental and political activist, who served as a co-founding member of the Screen Actors Guild and the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League.
Stuart was born Gloria Stewart at 11:00 p.m. on the Fourth of July, 1910 on the family's kitchen table in Santa Monica, California, the first child of Alice (née Deidrick) and Frank Stewart.
Through her mother, Stuart was a third-generation Californian; Stuart's maternal grandmother, Alice Vaughan, was born in 1854 in Angels Camp, gold country, two years after her own mother, Berilla (Stuart's great-grandmother), relocated to California from Missouri in a covered wagon.
Stuart had one younger brother, Frank Jr., born eleven months later, and another younger brother Thomas (born two years after Frank Jr.), however he died due to spinal meningitis at age three.
When Stuart was nine years old, her father died as the result of an infection from an injury sustained when an automobile grazed his leg.
She had not been given a middle name by her parents and so adopted one, Frances, the feminine of Frank, her father's name.
While a teenager, she had a tumultuous relationship with her stepfather, and sought to attend college in order to leave home.
At the end of her junior year, in June 1930, Stuart married Blair Gordon Newell, a young sculptor who apprenticed with Ralph Stackpole on the facade of the San Francisco Stock Exchange building.
The Newells moved to Carmel-by-the-Sea where there was a stimulating community of artists such as Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, Robinson Jeffers and Lincoln Steffens and his wife Ella Winter.
She meanwhile made hand-sewn aprons, patchwork pillows and tea linens, and created bouquets of dried flowers for a tea shop, in which she also worked as a waitress.
Stuart's performance in the theatre in Carmel brought her to the attention of Gilmor Brown's private theater, The Playbox, in Pasadena.
In spite of the films' lukewarm reviews, Stuart had amassed a loyal following of fans by this time in her career, one of whom had her portrait tattooed across his chest.
Early in 1939, Stuart and then-husband Sheekman spent four months traveling in Asia, Egypt and Italy, then landed in France just as France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany.
To help with the war effort in the 1940s, Stuart took singing and dancing lessons, then the USO teamed her with actress Hillary Brooke.
Over the next four years, her work gained attention and her pieces were carried by Lord & Taylor in New York, Neiman Marcus in Dallas, Bullock's in Pasadena and Gump's in San Francisco.
After living in rented spaces for ten years, Stuart and husband Sheekman bought an old craftsman-style house, where she redesigned the interior, supervised the remodeling, designed all the furniture and had it custom made.
In the garden, she planned the landscaping, included a green house for orchids and lath house for grafting fruit trees, spent hours on her knees cultivating and planting.
At the time, American artists living abroad for at least eighteen months paid no taxes on income earned during the residency.
In the following years, Stuart exhibited her primitive-style paintings in many shows, including at the Bianchini Gallery in New York, the Simon Patrich Galleries and The Egg and the Eye in Los Angeles, the Galerie du Jonelle in Palm Springs and the Staircase Gallery in Beverly Hills.
Stuart's paintings are in numerous private collections and the permanent collections of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum of New Mexico (Santa Fe), the Desert Museum of Palm Springs and the Belhaven Museum (Jackson, Mississippi).
She took classes from Frank Nagata, colleague of John Naka, a bonsai master in Los Angeles, joined Nagata's bonsai club, Baiko-En, and became one of the first Anglo members of the California Bonsai Society.
With his commercial Ward Ritchie Press and private Laguna Verde Imprenta press, Ritchie produced distinguished books on the arts, poetry, cookery and the American West.
When Stuart first followed Ritchie into his studio and watched him pull a printed page from his 1839 English iron Albion hand press, she wanted to do it, too.
After studying typesetting at the Women's Workshop in Los Angeles, Stuart bought her own hand press, a Vandercook SP15 and established her own private press, Imprenta Glorias.
She designed several, wrote the text (often poetry), set the type—carefully selecting the style of type to match the subject—printed the pages, then decorated the pages with water colors, silk screen, découpage or all three.
Stuart also filmed and made recordings for several documentaries, did more looping and dubbing for Cameron, and received offers for additional films.
On December 17, 1997, Stuart was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the film.
She was one of the few Golden Age stars to attend the ceremony, with contemporaries Fay Wray, Bob Hope, and Milton Berle also attending.
Also in May, Stuart was guest of honor at the Great Steamboat Race between the Belle of Louisville and the Delta Queen and then was Grand Marshal of the 1998 Kentucky Derby Festival's Pegasus Parade.
In September 2000, Stuart unveiled her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in front of a Pig 'n Whistle café that had opened its doors in 1927 when Stuart was still in high school.
On June 19, 2010, despite her illness, Stuart appeared in person to be honored by the Screen Actors Guild for her years of service.
On July 22, 2010, The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored Stuart's career with a program featuring film clips and conversations between Stuart and film historian Leonard Maltin, portrait artist Don Bachardy and David S. Zeidberg, the Avery Director of the Huntington Library.
Until that point, she had enjoyed remarkably good health for her advanced age aside from taking cortisone shots for knee pain.
Stuart, still in decent health, celebrated her 100th birthday on July 4, 2010, hosted by James Cameron and Suzy Amis as well as family and friends at the ACE Gallery in Beverly Hills.
There Stuart saw many of her paintings and serigraphs, artist's books, samples of her découpage and trees from her bonsai collection exhibited in the gallery.
Stuart's mother Alice was also an avid cook, producing specialties from the San Joaquin Valley, where Stuart's mother's family lived for generations.
In 1938, as a member of the Hollywood Democratic Committee, Stuart was on the Executive Board of the California State Democratic Committee.
At the age of 18, he met Nánquán Pǔyuàn (南泉普願 748–835; J: Nansen Fugan), a successor of Mǎzǔ Dàoyī (709–788; J. Baso Do-itsu), and eventually received the Dharma from him.
Subsequently, Zhaozhou began to travel throughout China, visiting the prominent Chan masters of the time before finally, at the age of eighty, settling in Guānyīnyuàn (觀音院), a ruined temple in northern China.
Zhaozhou's lineage died out quickly due to the many wars and frequent purges of Buddhism in China at the time, and cannot be documented beyond the year 1000.
Bailin Temple in China, famous for his abbacy, was rebuilt after the Cultural Revolution and is nowadays again a prominent center of Chinese Buddhism.
Unidentified celestial objects, such as comets and asteroids, are given designations that contain the half-month as a letter of the English alphabet.
For example, an object seen in the second half of January would be identified with the letter B; if seen in the first half of February, the letter would be C. The letter I is not used, to prevent confusion with the number 1.
A Schuko plug features two round pins of 4.8 mm diameter (19 mm long, centers 19 mm apart) for the line and neutral contacts, plus two flat contact areas on the top and bottom side of the plug for protective earth (ground).
The socket (which is often, in error, also referred to as CEE 7/4) has a predominantly circular recess which is 17.5 mm deep with two symmetrical round apertures and two earthing clips on the sides of the socket positioned to ensure that the earth is always engaged before live pin contact is made.
Schuko plugs are considered a very safe design when used with Schuko sockets, but they can also mate with other sockets to give an unsafe result.
Büttner's patent DE 370 538 is often quoted as referring to Schuko, but it actually refers to a method of holding together all of the parts of a plug or socket with a single screw which also provides clamping for the wires; there is no mention of an earth connection in DE 370538.
At this time Germany used a 220 V centre tap giving 127 V from current pins to earth, which meant that fuse links were required in both sides of the appliance and double pole switches.
France, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland use the CEE 7/6 plug and CEE 7/5 socket with the same size and spacing of the main pins but with a male protective-earth pin on the socket instead of the earth clips, and without the guiding notches at the sides.
CEE 7/6 plugs that need to be polarised are configured in such a way as to only be inserted correctly in earthed sockets, however the old CEE 7/1 2-pin unearthed socket is inherently dangerous with equipment that should be polarised, for example table lamps with an Edison screw lamp but only a single pole inline cord switch in lieu of a double pole switch.
In Italy, CEI 23-50 is the dominant standard and it includes also Schuko sockets (P 30 = CEE 7/3) and plugs (S 30 = CEE 7/4, S 31 = CEE 7/7, S 32 = CEE 7/17).
Appliances are commonly sold with Schuko-type plugs (as well as Europlugs), while Italian-type plugs have become rare today and almost only power strips, cable reels and adaptors are sold with them.
Schuko sockets are most commonly used for larger-rated appliances such as washing machines, and are particularly common in South Tyrol, with its cultural, economic and tourist connections with Austria.
Although Schuko has never been a standard (or the de facto norm) in Belgium or France, it is sometimes encountered in older installations in eastern regions of Belgium and Alsace.
For safety reasons and to harmonize with the UK (with which Ireland has a long-standing free travel arrangement) and avoid having a different outlet type in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, the Republic standardized on BS 1363 (transposed into Irish Standards as IS 401 (Plug) and IS 411 (Socket outlet).
The original Soviet standard was mostly compatible with europlug (the traditional Soviet plug used straight 4 mm pins with 19 mm spacing and thus Soviet sockets were able to easily accept europlugs), and has been modified to accept 4.8 mm pins, due to the large volume of imported appliances equipped with the Schuko plug.
Nowadays most sold and installed sockets in Russia are Schuko ones, though they may lack a connection to earth, especially in older buildings, as this wasn't required by the Soviet wiring regulations.
A pair of non-conductive guiding notches (4)  on the left and right side provides extra stability, enabling the safe use of large and heavy plugs (e.g.
Some countries, including Portugal, Finland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, require child-proof socket shutters; the German DIN 49440-1:2006-01 standard does not have this requirement.
Less safely, Schuko plugs can be inserted into many two-pin unearthed CEE 7/1 sockets and into some sockets with a different form of earth connection that will not mate with the earth contacts on the Schuko plug (e.g., some variants of the Danish socket).
The CEE 7/7 plug is a hybrid which includes both side earthing strips, as in CEE 7/4 Schuko, and an earthing socket, as in the CEE 7/6 plug.
In Italy, Chile, Peru and Uruguay, hybrid versions of Schuko sockets (called P 30) are seen with an extra hole that will take the smaller variant of Italian CEI 23-50 plugs.
There are also hybrid Schuko sockets (called P 40) with three extra holes and a wider cavity that will also accept the larger variant of Italian plugs.
Schuko sockets are unpolarised, there is no way of differentiating between the two live contacts (line which is approximately 230 V to earth and neutral which is approximately 0 V to earth) unless the voltage to earth is measured prior to use.
The IEC 60906-1 standard was intended to address some of the issues regarding polarisation and replace Schuko, but the only country that adopted it is South Africa.
Because of its technical challenges and profound musical structure, Scarbo is considered one of the most difficult solo piano pieces in the standard repertoire.
This is interrupted by the second theme at bar 10 before opening up a longer melodic passage formed from the latter part of theme 1.
The final distinct melody is a menacing short rising figure first heard at bar 45, which prefaces the menace of Le Gibet and which later provides a bridge to the main climax at bar 66.
This piece contains technical challenges for the right hand such as the fast repetition of three-note chords in the opening accompaniment, the double note passages beginning at bar 57, and the disjunct climactic movement of the hands beginning at bar 66.
Recordings vary in tempo, driven perhaps by the tension of keeping the shimmering alternating notes from becoming mechanical, yet giving sufficient space for the lyricism of the melodies.
Throughout the entire piece is a B octave ostinato, imitative of the tolling bell, that must remain distinctive and constant in tone as the notes cross over and dynamics change.
Its uneven flight, hitting and scratching against the walls, casting a growing shadow in the moonlight, creates a nightmarish scene for the observer lying in his bed.
With its repeated notes and two terrifying climaxes, this is the high point in technical difficulty of all the three movements.
Thomas L. Saaty (July 18, 1926 – August 14, 2017) was a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, where he taught in the Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business.
He is the inventor, architect, and primary theoretician of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a decision-making framework used for large-scale, multiparty, multi-criteria decision analysis, and of the Analytic Network Process (ANP), its generalization to decisions with dependence and feedback.
Later on, he generalized the mathematics of the ANP to the Neural Network Process (NNP) with application to neural firing and synthesis but none of them gain such popularity as AHP.
Prior to coming to the University of Pittsburgh, Saaty was professor of statistics and operations research at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (1969–79).
His employers at that time included the Operations Evaluation Group of MIT at the Pentagon, the Office of Naval Research, and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency at the U.S. State Department.
He has made contributions in the fields of operations research (parametric linear programming, epidemics and the spread of biological agents, queuing theory, and behavioral mathematics as it relates to operations), arms control and disarmament, and urban design.
In line with his long-time interest in peace and conflict resolution, in 1983 Saaty proposed that an International Center for Conflict Resolution needs to be established that would have branches in many countries and would be manned by retired diplomats, negotiators and conflict analysts.
The book on operations research was the first to summarize the formal mathematical methods in the field of Operations Research and was translated to Russian and Japanese.
The Analytic Hierarchy Process itself anticipates the PageRank algorithm by more than 20 years, with the same basic idea of using the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of a suitable matrix.
The Impact Prize is awarded every two years to recognize contributions that have had a broad impact on the fields of operations research and the management sciences.
Kamal bin Hassan (born 27 October 1942 in Pasir Mas, Kelantan) is a Muslim academic and Islamic scholar, specializing in contemporary Islamic thought, particularly pertaining to the Southeast Asia region.
He furthered his postgraduate studies in Columbia University, where he obtained the degree of Master of Arts in 1970, Master of Philosophy in 1972 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1975.
He started his academic career at the National University of Malaysia, where he chaired the Department of Usuluddin and Philosophy in 1979 and was later made a full professor.
He succeeded Professor Emeritus Dato' Abdul Hamid Ahmad Abu Sulayman as the third Rector of IIUM on 5 April 1998 and served the office before passing it to Professor Dato' Sri Syed Arabi Syed Abdullah Idid.
He left IIUM on 30 July 2018 after 42 years of service to Malaysian education, on which IIUM awarded him with the title of Professor Emeritus.
He was one of three academicians in Malaysia who was promoted to the rank of Distinguished Professor by the Ministry of Higher Education in 2010.
After studying science at Rutgers University in New Brunswick and art at Syracuse University and Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London, Selick eventually enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) to study how to be an animator.
During his time at Disney, he met and worked around the likes of Tim Burton, Rick Heinrichs, Jorgen Klubien, Brad Bird, John Musker, Dan Haskett, Sue and Bill Kroyer, Ed Gombert, and Andy Gaskill.
Years later, he claimed he learned a lot to improve his drawing, animation, and storytelling skills from Disney legend Eric Larson.
While the film was a moderate success at the box office, it received critical acclaim and eventually achieved status as a cult classic.
After spending a reported $50 million, and due to unspecified concerns over future costs and benefits, Walt Disney Pictures canceled the project in August 2012, allowing Selick to shop the project to other studios.
In February 2013, it was reported in a press release by Selick that K5 International would be handling sales at the European Film Market.
After the studio and Selick parted ways over scheduling and development, it was announced in January 2013 that Ron Howard will direct the film.
Vic and Bob, also known as Reeves and Mortimer, are a British comedy double act consisting of Vic Reeves (born 24 January 1959, real name James Roderick Moir) and Bob Mortimer (born 23 May 1959).
They have written and starred in several comedy programmes on British television since 1990, with Reeves having made his first TV appearance in 1986.
Reeves and Mortimer's comedy combines absurd, visually and verbally inventive material with traditional comedy double act staples such as violent, cartoonish slapstick (the duo frequently engage in escalating fights with large frying pans, baseball bats, hammers, etc.
Both at times play the straight man; often Mortimer will play the exasperated foil to Reeves' eccentric buffoon, or Reeves will play blankly bemused or annoyed to a manic or hyperactive Mortimer.
Vic and Bob have performed on a number of television programmes as a double act, though they have also worked alone or in collaboration with other people.
There he met and began working with Bob Mortimer, and the show then moved to a bigger venue, the Albany Theatre in Deptford, in 1989.
In addition to Reeves and Mortimer, the other mainstay of the programme was Les (played by Fred Aylward), Vic's bald, lab coat-clad assistant who never spoke, loved spirit levels and had a fear of chives.
The show aired on BBC1, and featured appearances from Vic and Bob, as well as Matt Lucas, David Walliams and Charlie Higson.
The series also featured various celebrity cameos, including Caprice, Michael Winner, Sinéad O'Connor and Damon Hill, and appearances from comedy actors Charlie Higson and Morwenna Banks.
The programme featured Banks, Lucas, Shearsmith, Benton, Reeves, Mortimer and Coogan, plus a wide array of further guests including Fiona Allen, Ronni Ancona, Leslie Ash, Lynda Bellingham, Ronnie Corbett, Tim Healy, Jane Horrocks, Neil Morrissey, Griff Rhys Jones, John Simm, Meera Syal, Ricky Tomlinson and Richard Wilson.
The program was a debate show chaired by Mortimer, and featured Reeves, Charlie Higson, Johnny Vegas, Liz Smith and Rhys Thomas.
Maintaining their bizarre and irreverent style, the pair played host to two teams of celebrity guests (captained each week by Mark Lamarr and Ulrika Jonsson, and later Will Self, and further Jack Dee) answering what can be loosely described as general knowledge questions.
Also confirmed were the return of Reeves, Mortimer and Matt Lucas (as George Dawes), and that the special would be produced by Pett Productions, Reeves and Mortimer's own production company.
It was filmed at BBC Television Centre in London on 28 November 2008, and broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2008, along with the anniversary programme.
Ulrika Jonsson returned as captain of Team B, with Jack Dee appearing as the new captain of Team A. Dizzee Rascal, Kate Garraway, Christine Walkden and Dragons' Den's Peter Jones were the guests.
The Human League vocalist Phil Oakey, and the future Fast Show trio of Paul Whitehouse, John Thomson and Simon Day, all co-starred.
Intended to be a series, the programme was never commissioned, but now seems to be a vague sign of things to come.
A new episode was added each weekday from 4–29 July, with each of the 20 episodes consisting of a single sketch.
In the 1990s and 2000s both Reeves and Mortimer capitalised on their fame by featuring in a variety of television adverts.
They have advertised several products solo such as Mini Cheddars and DHL (Mortimer) and Heinz Tomato Ketchup, Fanta, Lynx and Mars chocolate bars (Reeves).
Reeves and Mortimer appeared in a corporate advert for the BBC itself in the early 1990s, suggesting that the BBC was a place where talent could grow and develop.
Perhaps the most significant advert starring the pair was the finale of the Renault Clio Papa & Nicole advert series in 1998.
An estimated 23 million viewers tuned in to see Nicole jilting Reeves at the altar and eloping with Mortimer in a Clio, spoofing a scene from the 1967 film The Graduate.
Mortimer provided the voice of the adverts' signature nodding dog, Churchill, and Reeves was the consumer, prompting the dog to extol the virtues of insurance deals offered by the company.
Reeves' contract with Churchill was terminated in 2005 after he was arrested for a drink-driving offence which disqualified him from driving for 36 months and ordered 100 hours of community service.
In 2001, Vic Reeves, Bob Mortimer and Lisa Clark formed their own production company, Pett Productions, which has produced several television programs that have featured one or both comedians.
In 2015, Vic and Bob received the Aardman Slapstick Visual Comedy Award for their significant contributions to the world of visual comedy.
James Roderick Moir (born 24 January 1959), better known by the stage name Vic Reeves, is an English comedian, artist, musician, actor and television presenter, best known for his double act with Bob Mortimer as Vic and Bob.
Reeves also formed the Fashionable Five, a group of five friends (including Jack Dent, who ran the original Fan Club) who would follow bands like the Enid and Free onto stage, and perform pranks (including Reeves pretending to have a brass hand, and following a Terry Scott lookalike around Darlington town centre in single-file formation).
In 1983, Reeves began a part-time course at a local art college, developed his love of painting and eventually persuaded a local art gallery to stage an exhibition of his work.
As well as working and performing in bands in London, including being an original member of the Industrial/Experimental band Test Dept and performing onstage with them at their debut gig (then leaving soon afterwards), Reeves also joined the alternative comedy circuit under many different guises.
Here, he met Bob Mortimer, a solicitor who attended the show and enjoyed it so much that he soon began to participate.
It was about this time that Reeves and Mortimer rented a back room at Jools Holland's office/recording studio in Westcombe Park, Greenwich where they would spend hours writing material.
On 27 February 2008, Reeves announced that he and Mortimer were working together on a new sitcom about super heroes who get their powers through a malfunctioning telegraph pole.
Reeves has stated that he is an artist first and a comedian second, and that in ten years time he would like to be remembered for his art and writing, rather than his comedy.
His mother and father, a seamstress and typesetter by trade, made extra money by selling handmade wooden crafts and ceramics at local markets.
Building on these money-making schemes, Reeves began charging for his own artistic services such as customising and painting his school friend's Haversack bags and elaborately embroidering clothing.
Wanting to study art, but being pressured into work, Reeves began a five-year engineering apprenticeship at a factory in Newton Aycliffe with the aim of working in their technical drawings department.
It was there that he held his first art exhibition in 1985, with the help of a grant from Lewisham Council.
In 2010, a selection of Reeves' paintings were displayed at the Saatchi Gallery, London as part of an exhibition by charity The Art of Giving.
Before finding fame with his comedy, Reeves was a member of several bands with many different names and musical styles, in which he usually played bass guitar and/or sang.
In the music video, which was directed by Reeves, the duo dress as Mike Nesmith and Davy Jones of The Monkees.
Reeves has four children, the eldest two by his first wife Sarah Vincent, whom he married in 1990 and divorced in 1999.
Sorrell gave birth to twin girls Beth and Nell at the William Harvey Hospital in Ashford, Kent, on 25 May 2006.
Abraham Halevi (Adolf) Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965), known as Abraham Fraenkel, was a German-born Israeli mathematician.
He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms.
Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.
He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career.
Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate.
He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.
In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms.
Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor.
After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv).
In 1986, Mortimer went to the Goldsmith's Tavern in New Cross, London, to see a new show by a comedian called Vic Reeves.
Mortimer was impressed by the performance, particularly the character Tappy Lappy, which was Reeves attempting to tap dance while wearing a Bryan Ferry mask and planks on his feet.
The show became successful in South London and eventually outgrew Goldsmith's Tavern, moving in 1988 to the Albany Empire in Deptford.
Mortimer soon became an integral part of the performance, providing him with a weekly break from the legal work, which had begun to disillusion him.
He once quipped that the final straw was a run in with a mugger who, recognising Mortimer as having represented him legally, promptly stood down and apologised for not recognising him.
On 27 February 2008, Reeves announced that he and Mortimer were working together on a new sitcom about super heroes who get their powers through a malfunctioning telegraph pole.
The episode remained true to the classic Big Night Out formula and was composed of various comedy songs, skits, characters and sketches.
He suffers from rheumatoid arthritis, which gives him great pain when he is stressed, especially before making a television series or embarking on a tour.
In October 2015, it was revealed that he was recovering from a triple bypass surgery which led to the cancellation of the first leg of the Reeves and Mortimer 25 years tour.
Eraño de Guzman Manalo (January 2, 1925 – August 31, 2009), also known as Ka Erdy, was the second Executive Minister of the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC), serving from April 19, 1963 until August 31, 2009.
He started attending the church's ministerial classes at the age of 16 and was ordained as a minister on May 10, 1947 in Locale Congregation of Tayuman, Ecclesiastical District of Manila, at the age of 22.
On January 17, 1955, Eraño Manalo married Cristina Villanueva with whom he has six children (Eduardo V. Manalo, Lolita Manalo-Hemedez, Erlinda Manalo-Alcantara, Liberty Manalo-Albert, Felix Nathaniel Manalo II and Marco Eraño Manalo).
On February 18, 1953, ten years before his father's death, Eraño G. Manalo was elected successor to his father as Executive Minister.
During this period of transition in what critics thought was the most vulnerable period of the church, Manalo further consolidated the gains of the church.
On July 27, 1968, Executive Minister Eraño G. Manalo, officiated at the first worship service of the church outside the Philippines.
This gathering held in Ewa Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii marked the establishment of the Honolulu congregation, the first overseas mission of the church.
The following month, the Executive Minister was in California to establish the San Francisco congregation and lead its inaugural worship service.
In June 1987, the US Main Office (USMO) was set up in Daly City, California to assist the INC central administration in supervising the then 11 districts of the church in the West.
The Rome, Italy congregation was established on July 27, 1994; the Jerusalem, Israel congregation in March 31, 1996; and the Athens, Greece congregation in May 10, 1997.
In Southeast Asia, the first congregation in Thailand was established in 1976 and missions have already been conducted in Brunei since 1979.
The Ministerial Institute of Development, currently the New Era University College of Evangelical Ministry, was founded in 1974 in Quiapo, Manila.
On Monday September 7, 2009, the remains of Manalo were temporarily interred at the INC Tabernacle at 12:00 PST while his mausoleum is being built near the memorial statue of his father, Felix Y. Manalo at INC Central Office Complex.
On April 13, 2010 The Philippine Postal Corporation announced that it will issue a limited edition postage stamp in his honor.
Harold Victor Bauer (28 April 1873 – 12 March 1951) was a noted pianist who began his musical career as a violinist.
In 1892, however, he went to Paris and studied the piano under Ignacy Jan Paderewski for a year, though still maintaining his interest in the violin.
During 1893-94 he travelled all through Russia accompanying the noted soprano Mademoiselle Nikita and giving piano recitals and concerts, after which he returned to Paris.
His reputation was rapidly enhanced by these performances, and his field of operation extended through the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, England, Scandinavia and the United States.
In 1900, Harold Bauer made his debut in America with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, performing the U.S. premiere of Johannes Brahms' Piano Concerto No.1 in D minor.
Between 1915 and 1929 he recorded over 100 pieces for the Duo-Art and Ampico reproducing pianos, one of the most prolific virtuoso pianists in this medium of his era.
Harold Bauer was also an influential teacher and editor, heading the Piano Department at the well known Manhattan School of Music.
Starting in 1941, Bauer taught winter master classes at the University of Miami and served as a Visiting Professor at the University of Hartford Hartt School of Music with Maestro and Founder - Moshe Paranov and head of the Piano Department - Raymond Hanson, from 1946 until his death in Miami, Florida, in 1951.
Students of Harold Bauer include notably the late Robert Schrade (1924-2015), touring concert pianist (with critically acclaimed performances at Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, Lincoln Center, Greece, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, etc.
), co-founder of Sevenars Concerts in Massachusetts with wife Rolande Young Schrade, and teacher at several schools, including at the Manhattan School of Music (and MSM Prep Division).
Robert Schrade was praised by leading critics, including Virgil Thomson and Harold Schonberg, and remastered recordings have been highly praised by American Record Guide and others.
Harold Bauer taught many other prominent pianists in his day, including composer Viola Cole-Audet, John Elvin, who was a piano professor at Oberlin College in Ohio and Consuelo Elsa Clark, a piano teacher at the New York College of Music from 1918-1968 and the teacher of the composer Michael Jeffrey Shapiro.
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (or laser epithelial keratomileusis) (LASEK) are laser eye surgery procedures intended to correct a person's vision, reducing dependency on glasses or contact lenses.
LASEK and PRK permanently change the shape of the anterior central cornea using an excimer laser to ablate (remove by vaporization) a small amount of tissue from the corneal stroma at the front of the eye, just under the corneal epithelium.
A computer system tracks the patient's eye position 60 to 4,000 times per second, depending on the specifications of the laser that is used.
Most modern lasers will automatically center on the patient's visual axis and will pause if the eye moves out of range and then resume ablating at that point after the patient's eye is re-centered.
The outer layer of the cornea, or epithelium, is a soft, rapidly regrowing layer in contact with the tear film that can completely replace itself from limbal stem cells within a few days with no loss of clarity.
The deeper layers of the cornea, as opposed to the outer epithelium, are laid down early in life and have very limited regenerative capacity.
The deeper layers, if reshaped by a laser or cut by a microtome, will remain that way permanently with only limited healing or remodelling.
The procedure is distinct from LASIK (laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis), a form of laser eye surgery where a permanent flap is created in the deeper layers of the cornea.
While both procedures interact with the epithelium atop the cornea, the PRK procedure removes this entirely, while LASEK brushes the material away for the procedure, before being placed back for healing after laser surgery.
Due to the LASEK procedure not requiring a surgical flap, athletes or individuals concerned with trauma introduced by the flap may see benefits to LASEK.
Another disadvantage is that patient may be required to apply steroid eye drops for a few weeks longer than that of a LASIK procedure.
Vision after the LASEK procedure has a longer recovery than LASIK which may be between five days and two weeks for blurred vision to properly clear.
When LASEK is compared to LASIK, LASIK can have better outcomes with corneal haze while LASEK has a lower rate of flap complications than LASIK.
As with other forms of refractive surgery, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, colloquially referred to as 'dry eye,' is the most common complication of PRK, and can be permanent.
In more advanced cases, recurrent erosions occur during sleeping from adherence of the corneal epithelium to the upper eyelid with rapid eye movement.
Adjuvant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with high Omega-3 content before and after surgery improves sicca, possibly due to their anti-inflammatory effects.
PRK may be performed on one eye at a time to assess the results of the procedure and ensure adequate vision during the healing process.
PRK can be associated with glare, halos, and starburst aberrations, which can occur with postoperative corneal haze during the healing process.
With more recent developments in laser technology, this is less common after 6 months though symptoms can persist beyond a year in some cases.
A dilute concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent, Mitomycin-C, can be applied briefly at the completion of surgery to reduce risk of hazing, although with increased risk of sicca.
In 1 to 3% of cases, loss of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) can result, due to decentered ablative zones or other surgical complications.
A 2016 systematic review found that it was unclear whether there were any differences in efficacy, accuracy, and adverse effects when comparing PRK and LASEK procedures among people with low to moderate myopia.
A 2017 systematic review found uncertainty in visual acuity, but found that in one study, those receiving PRK were less likely to achieve a refractive error, and were less likely to have an over-correction than compared to LASIK.
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration will consider applicants with PRK once they are fully healed and stabilized, provided there are no complications and all other visual standards are met.
Pilots should be aware, however, that potential employers, such as commercial airlines and private companies, may have policies that consider refractive surgery a disqualifying condition.
Also, civilians who wish to fly military aircraft should know that there are restrictions on those who have had corrective surgery.
The Navy and Marines will routinely grant a waiver for pilots or student naval aviators, as well as naval flight officers, UAS operators and aircrew, to fly after PRK and LASIK, assuming preoperative refractive standards are met, no complications in the healing process were encountered, asymptomatic with regard to significant halos, glare or dry eye, off all medications, and passing their standard vision tests.
In fact, the U.S. Navy now offers free PRK and LASIK surgery at the National Naval Medical Center to Naval Academy Midshipmen who intend to pursue career paths requiring good uncorrected vision, including flight school and special operations training.
More airmen were allowed over the years and in 2004 the USAF approved LASIK for aviators, with limits on the type of aircraft they could fly.
Those airmen not eligible, are still able to get the surgery done at their own expense by a civilian surgeon, but must first be approved (approval is based on the same USAF-RS program).
applicants who are seeking a pilot slot) can still elect to have the surgery done, but must follow the criteria in accordance with the USAF Waiver Guide.
Those applicants will be evaluated at the ACS during their Medical Flight Screening appointment to determine if they meet waiver criteria.
Given that PRK is not reversible, a patient considering PRK is recommended to contact an eye-care practitioner for assistance in making an informed decision concerning the potential benefits and liabilities that may be specific to him or her.
In the U.S.A. candidates who have had PRK can get a blanket waiver for the Special Forces Qualification, Combat Diving Qualification and Military Free Fall courses.
However, those who have had LASIK must enroll in an observational study, if a slot is available, to undergo training in Special Forces qualification.
The first PRK procedure was performed in 1987 by Dr. Theo Seiler, then at the Free University Medical Center in Berlin, Germany.
The first procedure similar to LASEK was performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in 1996 by ophthalmologist and refractive surgeon Dimitri Azar.
Dr. Massimo Camellin, an Italian surgeon, was the first to write a scientific publication about the new surgical technique in 1998, coining the term LASEK for laser epithelial keratomileusis.
Ed Wood is a 1994 American biographical dramedy film directed and produced by Tim Burton and starring Johnny Depp as the eponymous cult filmmaker.
The film concerns the period in Wood's life when he made his best-known films as well as his relationship with actor Bela Lugosi, played by Martin Landau.
The film was conceived by writers Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski when they were students at the USC School of Cinematic Arts.
It won two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for Landau and Best Makeup for Rick Baker (who designed Landau's prosthetic makeup), Ve Neill and Yolanda Toussieng.
Wood tries to convince Weiss that he is perfect to direct the film, owing to the fact that he himself is a closeted transvestite and knows what it is like to live with a secret and worry what people might think, but is unsuccessful since Weiss wants a director with experience.
Wood persuades Weiss to let him direct the film by convincing him that having a star in the film would sell tickets, and they could sign Lugosi for a low price.
Wood takes to film production with an unusual approach; shooting only one take per scene, giving actors very little direction and using stock footage to fill in gaps.
Because of this, Wood is unsuccessful in getting a job at Weiss' Screen Classics or making a partnership with Warner Bros. executive Feldman, but his girlfriend, Dolores Fuller, tells him that he should try financing his next film independently.
Filming begins, but is halted when it is revealed that King is actually poor, and Wood has no money to continue production.
Wood convinces meat packing industry tycoon Don McCoy to take over funding the film, who agrees as long as the film stars his son Tony as the leading man and the film ends with an explosion.
Lugosi attempts to conduct a double suicide with Ed after the government cuts off his unemployment benefit, but is talked out of it.
Writers Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski conceived the idea for a biopic of Ed Wood when they were students at the USC School of Cinematic Arts.
Burton admits to having always been a fan of Ed Wood, which is why the biopic is filmed with an aggrandizing bias borne of his admiration for Wood's work, rather than the derisive attitude of Wood's detractors.
The relationship between Wood and Lugosi in the script echoes closely Burton's relationship with his own idol and two-time colleague, Vincent Price.
With a budget of $18 million, Disney did not feel the film was that much of a risk, and granted Burton total creative autonomy.
In doing a biopic you can't help but get inside the person's spirit a little bit, so for me, some of the film is trying to be through Ed a little bit.
Burton acknowledged that he probably portrayed Wood and his crew in an exaggeratedly sympathetic way, stating he did not want to ridicule people who had already been ridiculed for a good deal of their life.
Burton decided not to depict the darker side of Wood's life because his letters never alluded to this aspect and remained upbeat.
According to Bela G. Lugosi (his son), Forrest Ackerman, Dolores Fuller and Richard Sheffield, the film's portrayal of Lugosi is inaccurate: in real life, he never used profanity, owned small dogs, or slept in coffins.
The film was then shown shortly after at the 21st Telluride Film Festival and later at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, where it was in competition for the Palme d'Or.
The initial release had a featurette on transvestites — not relating to the film or its actors in any way — which was removed from subsequent releases.
A new date of February 3, 2003 was set, only for it to be recalled again without explanation, although some copies quickly found their way to collectors' venues such as eBay.
On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 7.59/10.
Always engaging to watch and often dazzling in its imagination and technique, picture is also a bit distended, and lacking in weight at its center.
Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski were nominated for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen by the Writers Guild of America, which was a surprise as few predicted that it would be considered.
In teleost fish, the pseudobranchs are mostly without respiratory function, and in elasmobranchs they are the gill arch of the spiracle.
The function of the pseudobranch is unknown, but it is believed that it supplies highly oxygenated blood to the optic choroid and retina and may have baroreceptor (pressure) and thermoregulation functions.
A microkeratome is a precision surgical instrument with an oscillating blade designed for creating the corneal flap in LASIK or ALK surgery.
The normal human cornea varies from around 500 to 600 micrometres in thickness; and in the LASIK procedure, the microkeratome creates an 83 to 200 micrometre thick flap.
The microkeratome is also used in Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), where it is used to slice a thin layer from the back of the donor cornea, which is then transplanted into the posterior cornea of the recipient.
Willy Burmester was born in Hamburg and was a pupil of Joseph Joachim, with whom he studied for many years in Berlin.
In 1885, however, he seceded from the Joachim school, and commenced to develop his technique with a view to achieving virtuosity rather than a classic purity of style.
He failed, however, to make a great impression on his first visit to England and America, though his audiences were compelled to admire his marvelous technical feats, especially his left hand pizzicato, and rapid runs in thirds and tenths.
His less than impeccable intonation, however, somewhat limited his success; he also suffered from having worn the end of his first finger down to the nerve.
In his later years, Burmester had remedied these defects, and those who heard him play at his later concerts were much impressed with his sterling musical qualities.
For financial reasons, Sibelius decided to premiere it in Helsinki in 1903, and since Burmester was unavailable to travel to Finland, Sibelius engaged Victor Novacek, a violin teacher at the Helsinki Conservatory.
Willy Burmester was again asked to be the soloist, but he was again unavailable, so the performance went ahead without him, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra's leader Karel Halíř stepping into the soloist's shoes.
For over 12 millennia the seat of imperial authority was located on the ecumenopolis of Trantor, whose population exceeded 40 billion, until it was sacked in the year 12,328.
The fall of the empire, modelled on the fall of the Roman Empire, is the subject of many of Asimov's novels.
(Galactic Era, the number of years after its founding), the Galactic Empire comprises millions of inhabited worlds with 500 quadrillion residents.
According to the Foundation series chronology established in the late 1990s, it comes into existence approximately 10,000 CE, year one of the Galactic Era.
Through the use of psychohistory, a future science hypothesized by Asimov, a scientist on Trantor named Hari Seldon in about 12,000 Galactic Era predicts the fall of the empire, and institutes the two foundations.
The Periphery is a fictional location in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series and refers to the outer rims of the Galactic Empire, including planets such as Anacreon and Santanni.
This effectively removes them completely from Imperial control, making the dissolution of the Empire far more apparent than it had been before.
Science fiction writers needed only hint at this cosmogony in their stories for experienced SF readers to slot into their perception of future history and envisage the background to the tale, without the writers needing to expend time and space explicitly explaining it.
It was described as a human-settled planet in the part of the galaxy not ruled by an intelligent reptilian race (later defeated).
In later stories he acknowledged the growth in astronomical knowledge by retconning its position to be as close to the galactic center as was compatible with human habitability.
Trantor represents several different aspects of civilization: it is both the center of power in the galaxy and its administrative headquarters.
Later on, conquest of the entire galaxy made the Galactic Empire, with Trantor as its capital planet, a reality; the planet no longer sending out ambassadors, but only governors to royal subject worlds.
40% of Earth's surface area), implying a radius of around 4000 km (somewhere in between the Earth and Mars), was, with the exception of the Imperial Palace, entirely enclosed in artificial domes.
It consisted of an enormous metropolis (an ecumenopolis) that stretched deep underground, and was home to a population of 45,000,000,000 (45 billion) human inhabitants at its height (although Second Foundation mentions a figure ten times that of administrators alone), a population density of 232 per square kilometre (600 per square mile, similar to the current population density of Germany or Connecticut).
One of the prominent features of Trantor was the Library of Trantor (variously referred to as the Imperial Library, the University of Trantor Library, and the Galactic Library), in which librarians index the entirety of human knowledge by walking up to a different computer terminal every day and resuming where the previous librarian left off.
Around 260 FE, a rebel leader named Gilmer attempted a coup, in the process sacking Trantor and forcing the Imperial family to flee to the nearby world of Delicass, renamed Neotrantor.
Most of the buildings on Trantor were destroyed during the sack, and over the course of the next two centuries the metal on Trantor was gradually sold off, as farmers uncovered more and more soil to use in their farms.
Eventually the farmers grew to become the sole recognised inhabitants of the planet, and the era of Trantor as the central world of the galaxy came to a close.
From Trantor, the Second Foundationers secretly guided the development of the Galaxy (roughly parallel to the city of Rome becoming, after the fall of its empire, the headquarters of the Papacy, with its enormous influence on the development of Medieval Europe).
It is noted that it was the Second Foundation which ensured that the famed library would survive the sacking of Trantor and the destruction of its urban culture – especially significant, considering that the library was vital to the Second Foundation itself.
In the Asimov canon, where events of this time are depicted mainly from a Foundation perspective, the Fall of Trantor is mentioned only as a piece of faraway news and in various later short references.
To support the needs and whims of the population, food from twenty agricultural worlds brought by ships in the tens of thousands, fleets greater than any navy ever constructed by the Empire.
Trantor is, of course, again able to produce its own food after the sack by Gilmer, with the increasing amount of usable land as the metal on the surface was removed and sold.
Although by 22,500 years in the future, there had been much racial intermarriage and most people were multiracial, according to Asimov, in the Galactic Empire as a whole as well as on Trantor itself, there were still some recognizable populations primarily descended from the original races on Earth.
Trantor had over 800, averaging 50,000,000 people each, in , about the size of Uganda or the U.S. state of Kansas.
Bondanella (listed in Further reading) analyzes Asimov's Galactic Empire as an example of the influence of the myth and history of the Roman Empire upon modern fiction.
Asimov's Trantor thus differs from Coruscant in that Trantor is more practically adapted to inclement weather, although weather control devices are used on both planets.
There is a planet called Trantor in the Star Wars universe, and it is also an ecumenopolis and the home of trantor pigeons (and is located in the galaxy's Deep Core).
Weber's World, the administration planet of the United Planets in the Legion of Super-Heroes's time, is said to be in the Trantor system.
Victor Frankenstein (played by Barret Oliver) is a young boy who creates movies starring his dog, Sparky (a Bull Terrier, whose name is a reference to the use of electricity in the film).
After Sparky is hit by a car and killed, Victor learns at school about electrical impulses in muscles and is inspired to bring his pet back to life.
Victor is pleased, but when the Frankensteins decide to introduce the revitalized Sparky to his neighbors, they become angry and terrified.
The Frankensteins' neighbors, now an angry mob, arrive on the scene, and when they attempt to use a cigarette lighter to try to see in the windmill, it is accidentally set on fire.
Burton was fired by Disney after the film was completed; the studio claimed that he had been wasting company resources, and felt the film was not suitable for the target young audiences.
Disney and Tim Burton produced a full-length remake using stop motion animation, which was released on October 5, 2012 in Disney Digital 3D and IMAX 3D.
He was the husband of Yamamoto Yaeko, a former soldier and nurse who served during the Boshin War, Russo-Japanese and Sino-Japanese War, who later founded Doshisha Girls' School.
In 1864, laws on national isolation were still in effect in Japan, and Japanese people were not permitted to travel overseas without government permission.
Captain Savory agreed to help him, so long as Niijima came on board at night, without assistance from the ship's crew.
When he arrived in Andover, Massachusetts, he was sponsored by Alpheus and Susan Hardy, members of the Old South Church in Boston, who also saw to his education.
He attended Phillips Academy under the name of Joseph Hardy Neesima from 1865 to 1867 and then Amherst College, where he was greatly influenced by professor Julius Seelye, from 1867 to 1870.
Those who accompanied Neesima on the mission included vice-president of the voyage, Takayoshi Kido and Commissioner of the Educational Bureau, Fujimaro Tanaka, two individuals whom Neesima claimed supported him during the process of creating his school.
On his return, he completed his studies at Andover Theological Seminary, and in 1874, he became the first Japanese to be ordained by Rev.
In the same year, Neesima attended the 65th annual meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missionaries at a Congregational church on Friday, October 9 held in Rutland, Vermont, and made an appeal for funds to start a Christian college in Japan.
Before returning to Japan, Neesima gave a speech at the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions meeting in which he asked the attendees for donations for his school he planned to build, leaving with an estimated $5,000.
With the support and funding he received, he returned to Japan, and in 1875 founded a school Doshisha Eigakko (Doshisha English School) in Kyoto, which later grew rapidly and became Doshisha University in 1920.
He was assisted by his wife Yamamoto Yaeko and brother-in-law Yamamoto Kakuma, who were also active with the local Christian community in Kyoto.
In 1907, he was honored as one of six great educators of the Meiji period, before the assembly of educators of the entire nation held by the Imperial education conference, the education conference of Tokyo prefecture and the Tokyo city board of education.
In traditional Shingon halls, the Womb Realm Mandala is hung on the east wall, symbolizing the young stage of Mahāvairocana.In this setting, the Diamond Realm Mandala is hung on the west wall symbolizing the final realization of Mahāvairocana.
The Buddha of the East, Hōdō, is illustrated on the top, the Buddha of the South, Kaifukeō to the right, the Buddha of the West, Amida, to the bottom, and the Buddha of the North, Tenkuraion, to the right.
The hall is marked off by a five-colored boundary path with each color referring to one of the five buddhas, knowledges, directions, roots, conversions, syllables, elements, and forms.
Born in Paris, she studied at first with her mother, then with Félix Le Couppey on piano, Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard, Martin Pierre Marsick on violin, and Benjamin Godard in music composition, but not officially, since her father disapproved of her musical education.
Her first experiments in composition took place in very early days, and in her eighth year she played some of her music to Georges Bizet, who was much impressed with her talents.
She gave her first concert when she was eighteen, and from that time on her work as a composer gained steadily in favor.
She toured France several times in those earlier days, and in 1892 made her debut in England, where her work was extremely popular.
She repeatedly returned to England during the 1890s and made premieres there with singers such as Blanche Marchesi and Pol Plançon, though this activity decreased after 1899 due to bad critical reviews.
Chaminade married a music publisher from Marseilles, Louis-Mathieu Carbonel, in 1901, and on account of his advanced age, the marriage was rumored to be one of convenience.
In London in November 1901, she made gramophone recordings of seven of her compositions for the Gramophone and Typewriter Company; these are among the most sought-after piano recordings by collectors, though they have been reissued on compact disk.
Before and after World War I, Chaminade recorded many piano rolls, but as she grew older, she composed less and less, dying in Monte Carlo on 13 April 1944.
Chaminade was relegated to obscurity for the second half of the 20th century, her piano pieces and songs mostly forgotten, with the Flute Concertino in D major, Op.
Many of Chaminade's piano compositions received good reviews from critics, but some of her other endeavors and more serious works were less favourably evaluated, perhaps on account of gender prejudices.
Chaminade's music has been described as tuneful, highly accessible and mildly chromatic, and it may be regarded as bearing the typical characteristics of late-Romantic French music.
Damrosch was born on June 22, 1859 in Breslau, Silesia, the son of Helene von Heimburg, a former opera singer, and conductor Leopold Damrosch.
He came to the United States with his father, brother, conductor Walter Damrosch, and sister, music teacher Clara Mannes, in 1871.
He originally intended to adopt a business career, and to that end went to Denver, Colorado, but the musical impulse proved too strong, and in 1884 he was an organist, conductor of the Denver Chorus Club, and supervisor of music in the public schools.
In 1892 he organized the People's Singing Classes, and he was also instrumental in founding the Musical Art Society of New York.
In 1905 he founded and became director of the New York Institute of Musical Art, with the hopes of reproducing the quality of instruction found in European conservatories.
Damrosch's pupils included William Howland, long-time head of the music department at the University of Michigan, and the prodigy pianist Hazel Scott.
Janet Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge, PC LLD HonFRA (3 November 1904 – 16 November 1988), known as Jennie Lee, was a Scottish politician.
As Minister for the Arts in Harold Wilson's government of 1964–1970, she played a leading role in the foundation of the Open University working directly with Harold Wilson to establish the principle of open access: Enrolment as a student of the University should be open to everyone … irrespective of educational qualifications, and no formal entrance requirement should be imposed.
Born in Lochgelly, in Fife, to Euphemia Grieg and James Lee, a miner who held the post of fire and safety officer, and later a hotelier.
Her grandfather Michael Lee, born in 1850 to Irish Catholic parents, was a friend of Keir Hardie, a disputes secretary of the miners' union and founder of the Fifeshire ILP federation.
The Carnegie Trust, Fife County Council and the Fife Education Authority agreed to pay her university fees and she attended the University of Edinburgh as a student teacher.
After graduating initially in 1927 with a MA, a LLB and a teaching certificate, she worked as a teacher in Cowdenbeath.
Lee was adopted as the ILP candidate for the North Lanarkshire constituency, which she won at a 1929 by-election, becoming the youngest woman member of the House of Commons.
She insisted on being sponsored by Robert Smillie and her old friend James Maxton to be introduced to the Commons, rather than by the leadership's preferred choice of sponsors.
She was totally opposed to Ramsay MacDonald's decision to form a coalition National Government, and in the 1931 general election lost her seat in parliament to Unionist candidate William Anstruther-Gray.
In her private life at the time she had formed a close relationship with fellow Labour MP Edward Frank Wise, a married man who considered divorcing his wife for Lee, but who did not do so in the end.
Wise died in 1933 and the following year Lee married the left-wing Welsh Labour MP Aneurin Bevan, with whom she remained until his death in 1960.
Her biography suggests that she to some extent suppressed her own career after marriage and that 'Jennie's suppression of her own career was the more remarkable precisely because as a woman in politics she had always laid claim to a 'male' life, public, itinerant and unencumbered by family responsibilities'.
She had no history in the women's movement and did not align herself with the separate women's branches within the Labour Party, and stated that she voted on policy not candidate gender believing that equality for women would follow from the introduction of true socialism; it was not a separate cause.
Nonetheless she practised feminism 'of a sort' and was known to walk out of dinner parties if it was expected that women were to withdraw to another room when the port was circulated.
Despite being out of the Commons Lee remained active politically, trying to secure British support for the Spanish Popular Front government under threat from Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War.
She also remained active inside the ILP and took their side in their split from the Labour Party, a decision that did not meet with her husband's approval.
She attempted re-election in North Lanarkshire at the 1935 general election, coming second behind Anstruther-Gray but ahead of the Labour Party's candidate.
Attending the Labour Party Conference in Edinburgh in 1936, Lee met the Spanish Republican delegates who attended with a petition for support against the racists, including meeting with Isabel de Valencia, who had a Scottish mother.
Lee attended a torchlit parade of the British Battalion of the International Brigades volunteers at Modejar with Clement Attlee and others in the Labour Party, during the war.
She later returned to the Labour Party from the ILP, and at the 1945 general election she was once again elected to the Commons, this time to represent the Cannock constituency in Staffordshire.
She remained a convinced left-winger, and this brought her sometimes into opposition with her husband, with whom she usually agreed politically.
She was appointed as the first Minister for the Arts in Harold Wilson's government of 1964, and played a key role in the formation of the Open University, an act described by Wilson as the greatest of his time in government.
Lee produced a White Paper in 1966 outlining university plans, which would deliver courses by correspondence and broadcasting as teaching media.
Prime minister Harold Wilson was an enthusiastic supporter because he envisioned The Open University as a major marker in the Labour Party's commitment to modernising British society.
He believed that it would help build a more competitive economy while also promoting greater equality of opportunity and social mobility.
The planned utilisation of television and radio to broadcast its courses was also supposed to link The Open University to the technological revolution underway, which Wilson saw as a major ally of his modernisation schemes.
However, from the start Lee encountered widespread scepticism and even opposition from within and without the Labour Party, including senior officials in the DES; her departmental boss, Anthony Crosland; the Treasury; Ministerial colleagues, such as Richard Crossman; and commercial broadcasters.
The Open University was realised due to Lee's unflagging determination and tenacity in 1965–67, the steadfast support from Wilson, and the fact that the anticipated costs, as reported to Lee and Wilson by Arnold Goodman, seemed very modest.
Lee renewed the charter of the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1967 which saw an expansion of its work in the regions as well of the creation of the new arts institutions at London's South Bank Centre.
She also introduced the only UK White Paper for the Arts to be published for the next half-century and following the 1967 reshuffle was promoted to Minister of State at the Department of Education and Science after two years as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State.
She retired from front-line politics when she was made Baroness Lee of Asheridge, of the City of Westminster on 5 November 1970.
In 1974 she received an Honorary LLD from the University of Cambridge, and in 1981 an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Academy.
She died in 1988 from natural causes at the age of 84 and bequeathed her personal papers to the Open University which now holds them as the Jennie Lee Collection.
In Rugeley, Staffordshire (part of her Cannock constituency) there is a street named after her, Jennie Lee Way and one named after her husband, Aneurin Bevan Place.
In her native Lochgelly, the community library was renamed the Jennie Lee Library in her honour following the 2009–2012 redevelopment of the Lochgelly Centre.
In the village of Overtown, near Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, a new housing development was built and a street was named after her, Jennie Lee Drive.
In the foundations of mathematics, von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (NBG) is an axiomatic set theory that is a conservative extension of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC).
NBG introduces the notion of class, which is a collection of sets defined by a formula whose quantifiers range only over sets.
NBG can define classes that are larger than sets, such as the class of all sets and the class of all ordinals.
A key theorem of NBG is the class existence theorem, which states that for every formula whose quantifiers range only over sets, there is a class consisting of the sets satisfying the formula.
Since all set-theoretic formulas are constructed from two kinds of atomic formulas (membership and equality) and finitely many logical symbols, only finitely many axioms are needed to build the classes satisfying them.
Classes are also used for other constructions, for handling the set-theoretic paradoxes, and for stating the axiom of global choice, which is stronger than ZFC's axiom of choice.
Once classes are added to the language of ZFC, it is easy to transform ZFC into a set theory with classes.
This axiom schema states: For every formula formula_18 that quantifies only over sets, there exists a class formula_19 consisting of the satisfying the formula—that is, formula_20 Then the axiom schema of replacement is replaced by a single axiom that uses a class.
Finally, ZFC's axiom of extensionality is modified to handle classes: If two classes have the same elements, then they are identical.
To produce a theory with finitely many axioms, the axiom schema of class comprehension is first replaced with finitely many class existence axioms.
The proof of this theorem requires only seven class existence axioms, which are used to convert the construction of a formula into the construction of a class satisfying the formula.
He also introduced axioms stating that every set is a class and that if class formula_19 is a member of a class, then formula_19 is a set.
Elliott Mendelson modified Gödel's approach by having everything be a class and defining the set predicate formula_27 as formula_28 This modification eliminates Gödel's class predicate and his two axioms.
This redundancy is required by many-sorted logic because variables of different sorts range over disjoint subdomains of the domain of discourse.
The differences between these two approaches does not affect what can be proved, but it does affect how statements are written.
This means that NBG is an axiomatic system in first-order predicate logic with equality, and its only primitive notions are class and the membership relation.
A set is a class that belongs to at least one class: formula_19 is a set if and only if formula_41.
A class that is not a set is called a proper class: formula_19 is a proper class if and only if formula_43.
Therefore, every class is either a set or a proper class, and no class is both (if the theory is consistent).
Gödel also used names that begin with an uppercase letter to denote particular classes, including functions and relations defined on the class of all sets.
Class existence axioms will be used to prove the class existence theorem: For every formula in formula_60 free set variables that quantifies only over sets, there exists a class of that satisfy it.
This example illustrates the techniques that are needed to prove the class existence theorem, which lead to the class existence axioms that are needed.
For any two classes formula_19 and formula_64, there is a class formula_31 consisting precisely of the sets that belong to both formula_19 and formula_64.
For any class formula_19, there is a class formula_64 consisting precisely of the first components of the ordered pairs of formula_19.
By the axiom of extensionality, class formula_31 in the intersection axiom and class formula_64 in the complement and domain axioms are unique.
On the other hand, extensionality is not applicable to formula_61 in the membership axiom since it specifies only those sets in formula_61 that are ordered pairs.
The first three axioms imply the existence of the empty class and the class of all sets: The membership axiom implies the existence of a class formula_84 The intersection and complement axioms imply the existence of formula_85, which is empty.
By the axiom of extensionality, this class is unique; it is denoted by formula_86 The complement of formula_87 is the class formula_88 of all sets, which is also unique by extensionality.
For any class formula_19, there is a class formula_64 whose 3tuples are obtained by applying the circular permutation formula_99 to the 3tuples of formula_19.
For any class formula_19, there is a class formula_64 whose 3tuples are obtained by transposing the last two components of the 3tuples of formula_19.
The circular permutation and transposition axioms do not imply the existence of unique classes because they specify only the 3tuples of class formula_117 By specifying the 3tuples, these axioms also specify the for formula_118 since: formula_119 The axioms for handling tuples and the domain axiom imply the following lemma, which is used in the proof of the class existence theorem.
Gödel stated regularity for classes rather than for sets in his 1940 monograph, which was based on lectures given in 1938.
Let formula_146 be a formula that quantifies only over sets and contains no free variables other than formula_147 (not necessarily all of these).
Each time rule 1 or 2 is applied to a subformula, formula_160 is chosen so that formula_161 differs from the other variables in the current formula.
This produces a formula that is built only with formula_154, formula_155, formula_156, formula_11, set variables, and class variables formula_166 where formula_166 does not appear before an formula_11.
Consider the composite function formula of example 1 with its free set variables replaced by formula_177 and formula_178: formula_179 The inductive proof will remove formula_180, which produces the formula formula_181 However, since the class existence theorem is stated for subscripted variables, this formula does not have the form expected by the induction hypothesis.
This problem is solved by replacing the variable formula_182 with formula_183 Bound variables within nested quantifiers are handled by increasing the subscript by one for each successive quantifier.
This leads to rule 4, which must be applied after the other rules since rules 1 and 2 produce quantified variables.
Since this formula is equivalent to the given formula, the proof is completed by proving the class existence theorem for transformed formulas.
Also, its proof—instead of invoking finitely many NBG axioms—inductively describes how to use NBG axioms to construct a class satisfying a given formula.
However, this proof is needed to prove that the class constructed by the program satisfies the given formula and is built using the axioms.
Gödel extended the class existence theorem to formulas formula_153 containing relations over classes (such as formula_199 and the unary relation formula_200), special classes (such as formula_9), and operations (such as formula_202 and formula_203).
Each time rule 2b, 3b, or 4 is applied to a subformula, formula_160 is chosen so that formula_161 differs from the other variables in the current formula.
Let formula_146 be a formula that quantifies only over sets, contains no free variables other than formula_220, and may contain relations, special classes, and operations defined by formulas that quantify only over sets.
The axioms of pairing and regularity, which were needed for the proof of the class existence theorem, have been given above.
In set theory, the definition of a function does not require specifying the domain or codomain of the function (see Function (set theory)).
The image of class formula_19 under the function formula_228 is formula_232 This definition does not require that formula_233 The union of class formula_19 is formula_235 The power class of formula_19 is formula_237 The extended version of the class existence theorem implies the existence of these classes.
If formula_228 is a function and formula_33 is a set, then formula_240, the image of formula_33 under formula_228, is a set.
Not having the requirement formula_244 in the definition of formula_245 produces a stronger axiom of replacement, which is used in the following proof.
Proof: The class existence theorem constructs the restriction of the identity function to formula_64: formula_251 Since the image of formula_19 under formula_253 is formula_64, the axiom of replacement implies that formula_64 is a set.
Proof: The axiom of union states that formula_266 is a subclass of a set formula_269, so the axiom of separation implies formula_266 is a set.
Likewise, the axiom of power set states that formula_267 is a subclass of a set formula_269, so the axiom of separation implies that formula_267 is a set.
There exists a nonempty set formula_33 such that for all formula_49 in formula_33, there exists a formula_50 in formula_33 such that formula_49 is a proper subset of formula_50.
NBG's axiom of infinity is implied by ZFC's axiom of infinity: formula_289 The first conjunct of ZFC's axiom, formula_290, implies the first conjunct of NBG's axiom.
The second conjunct of ZFC's axiom, formula_291, implies the second conjunct of NBG's axiom since formula_292 To prove ZFC's axiom of infinity from NBG's axiom of infinity requires some of the other NBG axioms (see Weak axiom of infinity).
A choice function is a function formula_5 defined on a set formula_4 of nonempty sets such that formula_7 for all formula_8 ZFC's axiom of choice states that there exists a choice function for every set of nonempty sets.
A global choice function is a function formula_1 defined on the class of all nonempty sets such that formula_2 for every nonempty set formula_3 The axiom of global choice states that there exists a global choice function.
This axiom implies ZFC's axiom of choice since for every set formula_4 of nonempty sets, formula_301 (the restriction of formula_1 to formula_4) is a choice function for formula_304 In 1964, William B. Easton proved that global choice is stronger than the axiom of choice by using forcing to construct a model that satisfies the axiom of choice and all the axioms of NBG except the axiom of global choice.
The axiom of global choice is equivalent to every class having a well-ordering, while ZFC's axiom of choice is equivalent to every set having a well-ordering.
Von Neumann's work in set theory was influenced by Georg Cantor's articles, Ernst Zermelo's 1908 axioms for set theory, and the 1922 critiques of Zermelo's set theory that were given independently by Abraham Fraenkel and Thoralf Skolem.
Von Neumann started his consistency investigation by introducing his 1929 axiom system, which contains all the axioms of his 1925 axiom system except the axiom of limitation of size.
Using proof by contradiction, assume that the 1925 axiom system is inconsistent, or equivalently: the 1925 axiom system implies a contradiction.
Bernays handled sets and classes in a two-sorted logic and introduced two membership primitives: one for membership in sets and one for membership in classes.
Gödel simplified Bernays' theory by making every set a class, which allowed him to use just one sort and one membership primitive.
Gödel's achievement together with the details of his presentation led to the prominence that NBG would enjoy for the next two decades.
In 1963, Paul Cohen proved his independence proofs for ZF with the help of some tools that Gödel had developed for his relative consistency proofs for NBG.
This was caused by several factors, including the extra work required to handle forcing in NBG, Cohen's 1966 presentation of forcing, which used ZF, and the proof that NBG is a conservative extension of ZFC.
NBG is not logically equivalent to ZFC because its language is more expressive: it can make statements about classes, which cannot be made in ZFC.
NBG implies theorems that ZFC does not imply, but since NBG is a conservative extension, these theorems must involve proper classes.
This result together with von Neumann's 1929 relative consistency proof implies that his 1925 axiom system with the axiom of limitation of size is equiconsistent with ZFC.
This completely resolves von Neumann's concern about the relative consistency of this powerful axiom since ZFC is within the Cantorian framework.
Even though NBG is a conservative extension of ZFC, a theorem may have a shorter and more elegant proof in NBG than in ZFC (or vice versa).
MK is a stronger theory than NBG because MK proves the consistency of NBG, while Gödel's second incompleteness theorem implies that NBG cannot prove the consistency of NBG.
For a discussion of some ontological and other philosophical issues posed by NBG, especially when contrasted with ZFC and MK, see Appendix C of .
The Diamond Realm represents the unchanging cosmic principle of the Buddha, while the Womb Realm depicts the active, physical manifestation of Buddha in the natural world.
The mandalas are thus considered a compact expression of the entirety of the Dharma in Mahayana Buddhism, and form the root of the Vajrayana teachings.
Japanese Shingon and Tendai temples, in particular, often prominently display the Mandalas of the Two Realms mounted at right angles to the image platform on the central altar.
The two mandalas are believed to have evolved separately in India, and were joined together for the first time in China, perhaps by Kūkai's teacher Hui-kuo.
François-Auguste Gevaert (31 July 1828 in Huysse, near Oudenaarde – 24 December 1908 in Brussels) was a Belgian musicologist and composer.
His father was a baker, and he was intended for the same profession, but better counsels prevailed and he was permitted to study music.
Nowadays he is mostly remembered, even in his native land, less as a composer than as a teacher, historian, and lecturer.
The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honored the god Dionysus.
Greek tragedy as we know it was created in Athens around the time of 532 BC, when Thespis was the earliest recorded actor.
Under the influence of heroic epic, Doric choral lyric and the innovations of the poet Arion, it had become a narrative, ballad-like genre.
The dramatic performances were important to the Athenians – this is made clear by the creation of a tragedy competition and festival in the City Dionysia.
While no drama texts exist from the sixth century BC, we do know the names of three competitors besides Thespis: Choerilus, Pratinas, and Phrynichus.
After the Great Destruction of Athens by the Persian Empire in 480 BCE, the town of Agios Prokopios and acropolis were rebuilt, and theatre became formalized and an even greater part of Athenian culture and civil pride.
The centre-piece of the annual Dionysia, which took place once in winter and once in spring, was a competition between three tragic playwrights at the Theatre of Dionysus.
Although its theatrical traditions seem to have lost their vitality, Greek theatre continued into the Hellenistic period (the period following Alexander the Great's conquests in the fourth century BCE).
One of New Comedy's most important contributions was its influence on Roman comedy, an influence that can be seen in the surviving works of Plautus and Terence.
There were often tall, arched entrances called parodoi or eisodoi, through which actors and chorus members entered and exited the orchestra.
The first seats in Greek theatres (other than just sitting on the ground) were wooden, but around 499 BC the practice of inlaying stone blocks into the side of the hill to create permanent, stable seating became more common.
Conversely, there are scholarly arguments that death in Greek tragedy was portrayed off stage primarily because of dramatic considerations, and not prudishness or sensitivity of the audience.
The theatres were built on a large scale to accommodate a large number of people on stage and in the audience—up to fourteen thousand.
Mathematics played a large role in the construction of these theatres, as their designers had to be able to create acoustics in them such that the actors' voices could be heard throughout the theatre, including the very top row of seats.
No physical evidence remains available to us, as the masks were made of organic materials and not considered permanent objects, ultimately being dedicated at the altar of Dionysus after performances.
Nevertheless, the mask is known to have been used since the time of Aeschylus and considered to be one of the iconic conventions of classical Greek theatre.
Masks were also made for members of the chorus, who play some part in the action and provide a commentary on the events in which they are caught up.
Although there are twelve or fifteen members of the tragic chorus they all wear the same mask because they are considered to be representing one character.
Illustrations of theatrical masks from 5th century display helmet-like masks, covering the entire face and head, with holes for the eyes and a small aperture for the mouth, as well as an integrated wig.
These paintings never show actual masks on the actors in performance; they are most often shown being handled by the actors before or after a performance, that liminal space between the audience and the stage, between myth and reality.
The masks were most likely made out of light weight, organic materials like stiffened linen, leather, wood, or cork, with the wig consisting of human or animal hair.
Due to the visual restrictions imposed by these masks, it was imperative that the actors hear in order to orient and balance themselves.
Vervain and Wiles posit that this small size discourages the idea that the mask functioned as a megaphone, as originally presented in the 1960s.
Greek mask-maker, Thanos Vovolis, suggests that the mask serves as a resonator for the head, thus enhancing vocal acoustics and altering its quality.
In a large open-air theatre, like the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens, the classical masks were able to create a sense of dread in the audience creating large scale panic, especially since they had intensely exaggerated facial features and expressions.
They enabled an actor to appear and reappear in several different roles, thus preventing the audience from identifying the actor to one specific character.
Their variations help the audience to distinguish sex, age, and social status, in addition to revealing a change in a particular character's appearance, e.g.
Worn by the chorus, the masks created a sense of unity and uniformity, while representing a multi-voiced persona or single organism and simultaneously encouraged interdependency and a heightened sensitivity between each individual of the group.
Only 2-3 actors were allowed on the stage at one time, and masks permitted quick transitions from one character to another.
Male actors playing female roles would wear a wooden structure on their chests (posterneda) to imitate the look of breasts and another structure on their stomachs (progastreda) to make them appear softer and more lady like.
Most costuming detail comes from pottery paintings from that time as costumes and masks were fabricated out of disposable material, so there are little to no remains of any costume from that time.
Some examples of Greek theatre costuming include long robes called the chiton that reached the floor for actors playing gods, heroes, and old men.
Actors playing Queens and Princesses wore long cloaks that dragged on the ground and were decorated with gold stars and other jewels, and warriors were dressed in a variety of armor and wore helmets adorned with plumes.
Players of any skill level can enter ranked matches and compete for a chance to win tournaments using their skills in-game.
This is disputed by others who claim Mahon may relate to a sub chieftain of the O'Farrells who ruled over this part of County Longford in the 14th century.
The earliest documentary evidence of Ballymahon is from the year 1578, when lands in the area were granted to the Dillon family, later Earls of Roscommon.
By 1654, the maps of William Petty's Down Survey shows Ballymahon as a group of houses situated at the southern end of the present town, on the right bank of the River Inny.
Two main families, the Shuldham family of Moigh House and the King-Harman family of Newcastle House, developed the town in the mid-nineteenth century.
The buildings in the town are of late Georgian architecture, with two and three-storey gabled houses, colour-washed and in rows of three and four.
From 1788 to 1853, the Roman Catholic bishops of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise resided in the town, and the parish church served as a Pro-Cathedral until St Mel's Cathedral was built in Longford.
The River Inny, a tributary of the River Shannon, flows westwards through Ballymahon in the direction of Lough Ree three miles from the town.
A stretch of the Inny from Newcastle Bridge to Ballymahon town used for beginner to intermediate kayaking, canoeing and time trials.
Brannigan Harbour, c.1 km from Ballymahon town, is on the Royal Canal and is a common point for boats and barges to stop and pass.
Ballymahon is on the N55 road, a National Secondary route leading from Athlone, about 22 kilometres to the south, towards Belfast and Northern Ireland.
Intact portions of the ancient roadway can be seen at the nearby Corlea Trackway and the ceremonial route attests to the straightness of the R392.
The Royal Canal links Ballymahon to Dublin, via several towns such as Mullingar and Maynooth, and to the River Shannon at Clondra.
Ballymahon has a primary school, St. Matthew's National School, which opened in 2014 (for ages 4–12) as well as two mixed secondary schools (for ages 12–19), Mercy Secondary School (1980 and Ballymahon Vocational School.
It also hosts the Oliver Goldsmith Summer School, a festival of literature which is held on the June Bank Holiday Weekend, with poetry readings held at Goldsmith's birthplace in Pallas.
Practitioners of therapeutic touch state that by placing their hands on, or near, a patient, they are able to detect and manipulate what they say is the patient's energy field.
Dora Kunz, a theosophy promoter and one-time president (1975–1987) of the Theosophical Society in America, and Dolores Krieger, now Professor Emerita of Nursing Science, New York University, developed therapeutic touch in the 1970s.
According to Krieger, therapeutic touch has roots in ancient healing practices, such as the laying on of hands, although it has no connection with religion or with faith healing.
A 2002 review found that neither justification was tenable: Rogers' theories were found to be inconsistent with the tenets of TT, while the overlap in terminology between the two could be ascribed to a lack of precision in Rogers' works, making them multi-interpretable.
Over the decades, many studies have been performed to investigate TT's efficacy, as well as various meta-analyses and at least one systematic review, yielding varying results and conclusions.
Emily flipped a coin to determine which of the practitioner's hands she would place hers near (without, of course, touching the hand).
Although all of the participants had asserted that they would be able to do this, the actual results did not support their assertions.
When examining the existing literature on therapeutic touch, it has been observed that these studies tend to only cite research that favours the desired findings.
There have been studies focused on therapeutic touch that have failed to include any research that have contradictory findings, however it is very important for studies such as these to report all results found from other studies even if they may contradict the present study’s hypothesis.
There have been studies such as that by Grad, Cadoret, and Paul that have appeared to have successful results in showing the effectiveness of therapeutic touch upon first glance, yet once replicated using the appropriate controls showed to have nonsignificant results therefore rendering the original results inconclusive.
It is important for researchers not to bias the results in order to achieve their desired outcome as it can drastically influence the true effectiveness of the therapy such as that of therapeutic touch.
Replication is another important factor that should be taken into account when examining studies such as those focused on therapeutic touch.
Sokal, in 2006, reported generally accepted estimates of over 80 colleges and universities spread over 70 countries where therapeutic touch is taught, as well as some 80 hospitals in North America where it is practiced.
In 2006 Hammer and Underdown presented the Board with the scientific evidence refuting the validity of therapeutic touch as a legitimate treatment, but the Board did not change its policy.
From 2006 to 2011, Perick was Music Director of the Bayerisches Staatstheater Nuremberg, including the post of principal conductor of the Nürnberg Philharmonic.
In addition to his conducting posts, since 1999, he has been a professor of conducting at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Hamburg.
A coenocyte () is a multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis, in contrast to a syncytium, which results from cellular aggregation followed by dissolution of the cell membranes inside the mass.
Coenocytic cells are referred to as a coenobium (plural coenobia), and most coenobia are composed of a distinct number of cells, often as a multiple of two (4, 8, etc.
In the siphonous green algae Bryopsidales and some Dasycladales the entire thallus is a single multinucleate cell, which can be many meters across (e.g.
In contrast to the Cladophorales where nuclei are organized in regularly spaced cytoplasmic domains, the cytoplasm of Bryopsidales exhibits streaming, enabling transportation of organelles, transcripts and nutrients across the plant.
Different species produce coenocytes with different numbers of nuclei before the PEC eventually begins to subdivide, with some growing to contain thousands of nuclei.
The nuclei undergo S-phase (DNA replication) and sister chromatids get pulled apart and re-assembled into nuclei containing full sets of homologous chromosomes, but cytokinesis does not occur.
Bicoid protein is expressed in a gradient that extends from the anterior end of the early embryo, whereas Nanos protein is concentrated at the posterior end.
The position of the nuclei along the embryonic axes determines the relative exposure of different amounts of Bicoid, Nanos, and other morphogens.
Nuclei exposed to more Nanos will activate genes responsible for differentiation of posterior regions, such as the abdomen and germ cells.
The same principles hold true for the specification of the dorso-ventral axis – higher concentration of nuclear Dorsal protein on the ventral side of the egg specify the ventral fate, whereas absence thereof allows dorsal fates.
After the nuclei are positioned in a monolayer underneath the egg membrane, the membrane begins to slowly invaginate, thus separating the nuclei into cellular compartments; during this period, the egg is called a cellular blastoderm.
This fact has been used in certain synthetic biology applications, for example to create cell-derived fibers for an organically grown concrete.
Westminster Under School is an independent school and preparatory school for boys aged 7 to 13 and is attached to Westminster School in London.
Due to rising numbers of pupils in the 1960s and 1970s, the school moved again in 1981 to its present site (which was a former hospital) overlooking the Westminster School playing fields in Vincent Square.
Most boys attending the school move on to Westminster School after the completion of either Common Entrance or Scholarship examinations (The Challenge, in the case of Westminster School), although a number of boys each year go on to other schools, including Eton.
The Under School was founded in September 1943 in 2 Little Dean's Yard (now known as Grant's House) by the former Headmaster of Westminster School, John Traill Christie.
Dean's Yard was used as a playing field for the boys and the roofless remains of the School, the bombed school hall were used as a playground.
After the war, the school moved to its own premises in Eccleston Square, and in 1981 moved to its present site in Vincent Square to cope with expanding numbers.
As well as these buildings and the playing fields of Vincent Square, the school hires facilities at the Queen Mother Sports Centre in Victoria and at Battersea Park.
Adrian House is situated at 27 Vincent Square, a four-storey building in the south-east corner of Vincent Square in Central London.
It opened in 1951 and underwent a major rebuilding programme in 2001, when new classrooms, a new hall, Art Department (which became more classrooms following the opening of 21 Douglas Street) and IT suite were built on the site of the old hall.
The hall, which would also serve as a canteen prior to the opening of 21 Douglas Street and space for P.E.
prior to the opening of Lawrence Hall as Westminster School Sports Centre (see below), is used for theatre and drama performances by the school.
George House, opposite Adrian House on 21 Douglas Street, opened in 2011 by the Dean of Westminster, the Very Reverend Dr John Hall.
In September 2012, the Royal Horticultural Society's Lawrence Hall was leased by Westminster School for 999 years, and became the School's Sports Centre.
The school, being attached to Westminster School, sends the oldest year of the school (Year 8) to take part in the annual pancake greaze on Shrove Tuesday.
The school also holds an annual Music Competition each summer in which all boys may enter one piece of music for any instrument they play.
The winners and some runners-up from the Years 7 and 8 finals of the competition are invited to play in the school's annual Summer Concert in St John's, Smith Square, as well as the school's Senior String Orchestra, Senior Choir (made up of boys from Years 6, 7 and 8, also known as the Westminster Boys' Choir), the winning house choir and a number of instrumental ensembles.
There is also an annual reading competition, in which each boy chooses and learns a short piece of prose or poetry (whether it be fiction or not), based on a given theme, and learns it so it can be recited by heart.
These are both house events, so points are given to houses for the results of the competition which are added to other points from other competitions or events, for trophies.
A grey jumper with a pink v-neck may also be worn and, in the summer, grey polo shirts and shorts may be worn without a tie.
In Years 3 and 4, pupils are taught in most subjects by the same teacher (usually their form teacher), however they have specialist teachers in French, Music, Art and Design, IT, PE and Games.
There is only one Year 3 form, typically of around 22 boys, and only 2 forms in Year 4 as the school typically accepts only 22 pupils per entry point.
In Year 5, the following subjects are taught, all by specialist teachers: Mathematics, English, Science, French, history, Geography, Religious Studies, Music, Art, Drama, IT, PE and Games but most are in their classroom.
In Year 7, the boys are split into sets for Maths according to their performances in their Year 6 summer exams or 11+ entrance exams, depending on whether or not they were at the school in Year 6.
When the list of boys who are to enter the school aged 11 the next year is confirmed, those boys begin to attend Saturday morning school so that they may begin to catch up in terms of curriculum with the Year 6s already at the school.
One scholarship form will contain exclusively those preparing for The Challenge, the Scholarship exam to Westminster School, whilst the other will also contain boys preparing for scholarship exams to other schools.
Greek is added as an additional subject but is optional for scholarship boys going to other schools which do not require Greek.
The school is organised into 4 houses, based on the charges on the Westminster Abbey, Westminster School and Westminster Under School coat of arms: Tudors (Red), Lions (Blue), Fleuries (Green) and Martlets (Yellow).
All the houses have a House Captain, Vice Captain and between two and four Monitors, selected from the Year 8s, who are changed every term.
This is done in such a way that most of Year 8 will be either a House Captain, Vice Captain, Head Boy or Monitor at some point during the year.
These extras include bridge, chess, swimming, fencing, judo, karate, mandarin, LAMDA, indoor and outdoor cricket, indoor football, cooking, photography, climbing, table tennis and outdoor tennis.
The United States Navy's Military Sealift Command (MSC) is an organization that controls the replenishment and military transport ships of the Navy.
Military Sealift Command has the responsibility for providing sealift and ocean transportation for all US military services as well as for other government agencies.
It first came into existence on 9 July 1949 when the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) became solely responsible for the Department of Defense's ocean transport needs.
Military Sealift Command ships are made up of a core fleet of ships owned by the United States Navy and others under long-term-charter augmented by short-term or voyage-chartered ships.
The Navy-owned ships carry blue and gold stack colors, are in service with the prefix USNS (United States Naval Ship), rather than in commission (with a USS prefix), have hull numbers as an equivalent commissioned ship would have with the prefix T- and are primarily civilian manned by either civil service mariners or contract crews (see United States Merchant Marine) as is the case of the special mission ships.
Some ships may have Navy or Marine Corps personnel on board to carry out communication and special mission functions, or for force protection.
Ships on charter or equivalent, retain commercial colors and bear the standard merchant prefix MV, SS, or GTS, without hull numbers.
Eight programs compose Military Sealift Command: Fleet Oiler (PM1), Special Mission (PM2), Strategic Sealift (PM3), Tow, Salvage, Tender, and Hospital Ship (PM4), Sealift (PM5), Combat Logistics Force (PM6), Expeditionary Mobile Base, Amphibious Command Ship, and Cable Layer (PM7) and Expeditionary Fast Transport (PM8).
MSC reports to the Department of Defense's Transportation Command for defense transportation matters, to the Navy Fleet Forces Command for Navy-unique matters, and to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) for procurement policy and oversight matters.
On 9 January 2012, the MSC command organization was reorganized via a realignment of its structure to increase its efficiency while maintaining effectiveness.
To better manage this new program structure, MSC repositioned three of its key Senior Executive Service (SES) personnel, with one SES acting as the program executive over MSC's government-operated ships, a second SES serving as the program executive over contract-operated ships, and a third SES overseeing total force manpower management for MSC worldwide operations.
Also, MSC realigned two of its four mission-driven programs (Combat Logistics Force and Special Mission) and adding a fifth program (Service Support).
In 2015, the Military Sealift Command underwent further restructuring with the relocation from the former headquarters at Washington Navy Yard to Naval Station Norfolk.
In 1972, a study concluded that it would be cheaper for civilians to man USN support vessels such as tankers and stores ships.
These MSC ships are painted haze gray and can be easily identified by the blue and gold horizontal bands around the top of their central smokestack.
After a 2012 reorganization, this program now maintains the 32 government-operated fleet underway replenishment ships from the former Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force (NFAF).
Fleet replenishment oilers form the Oilers Program N031, while the dry cargo/ammunition ships and fast combat support ships were separated to Explosive Program N036.
Military Sealift Command's Special Mission Program controls 24 ships that provide operating platforms and services for unique US Military and federal government missions.
Oceanographic and hydrographic surveys, underwater surveillance, missile flight data collection and tracking, acoustic research and submarine support are among the specialized services this program supports.
Special mission ships work for several different US Navy customers, including the Naval Sea Systems Command and the Oceanographer of the Navy.
After a 2012 reorganization, this program now maintains all of its 24 contract-operated ships involved in missile range instrumentation, ocean surveillance, submarine and special warfare support, oceanographic survey, and navigation test support.
Military Sealift Command's Prepositioning Program is an element in the US's triad of power projection into the 21st century—sea shield, sea strike and sea basing.
As a key element of sea basing, afloat prepositioning provides the military equipment and supplies for a contingency forward deployed in key ocean areas before need.
Prepositioning ships remain at sea, ready to deploy on short-notice the vital equipment, fuel and supplies to initially support military forces in the event of a contingency.
Formerly Service Support (PM4) it consists of fleet ocean tugs, rescue and salvage ships, submarines tenders, and hospitals ships formerly from the NFAF.
The mission of the Sealift Program is to provide ocean transportation to the Department of Defense by meeting its sealift requirements in peace, contingency, and war with quality, efficient cost effective assets and centralized management.
This is achieved through the use of commercial charter vessels, Large, Medium-Speed Roll-on/Roll-off ships, and the Maritime Administration's Ready Reserve Force, including the eight former MSC fast sealift ships.
Formerly the Fleet Ordnance and Dry Cargo (PM6), it is composed of twelve Dry Cargo/Ammunition ships and two Fast Combat Support ships.
These multi-product ships increase the delivery capability to provide food, fuel, spare parts, ammunition and potable water to the U.S. Navy and allies' ships.
Formerly the Afloat Staging Command Support (PM7) program, it is composed of the Expeditionary Mobile Base ships (replacement for the Afloat Forward Staging Base), the Amphibious Command Ship , and the cable layer .
This consists of the class of ships formerly known as the Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) program but was changed to (EPF) in September 2015.
The Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) program is a cooperative effort for a high-speed, shallow draft vessel intended for rapid intratheater transport of medium-sized cargo payloads.
The EPF will reach speeds of 35–45 knots (65–83 km/h; 40–52 mph) and will allow for the rapid transit and deployment of conventional or special forces as well as equipment and supplies.
MSC headquarters is located at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, VA. As a result of a 2012 organization, MSC's 12 worldwide MSC ship support units (SSUs) will now report to the MSC operational area commands in their respective areas of responsibility.
Formerly, these SSUs had reported to MSC's Military Sealift Fleet Support Command (MSFSC), a subordinate command of Military Sealift Command and is a single Type Commander (TYCOM) execution command having worldwide responsibility to crew, train, equip and maintain MSC government-owned, government-operated ships.
MSFSC was formed from the following MSC elements: Portions of Sealift Logistics Command Atlantic and the former Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force East; Portions of Sealift Logistics Command Pacific; Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force West (except those positions remaining in SSU San Diego); and The Afloat Personnel Management Center.
The SSUs (except for Guam and Yokohama) are collocated with their respective numbered fleet operational logistics task force commanders and Sealift Logistics Commands, but are not within that chain of command.
Following the Mexican–American War, Brigadier General Thomas S. Jesup, Quartermaster of the Army, recommended that the Navy be given responsibility for all water transportation requirements for the military.
In World War II, four different government agencies conducted military sealift functions, the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS), the Army Transport Service, the U.S. Maritime Commission's War Shipping Administration, and the Fleet Support Services.
The new Secretary of Defense, Louis Johnson, issued a memorandum on 12 July 1949 that detailed service responsibilities and the funding of the new Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS).
The command assumed responsibility for providing sealift and ocean transportation for all military services as well as for other government agencies.
On 6 July 1950, eleven days after the initial invasion of South Korea by North Korean troops, MSTS deployed the 24th Infantry Division for duty in Japan to Pusan, South Korea.
In addition to transporting troops and combat equipment to and from Korea, command ships supplied US bases and Distant Early Warning line construction sites and supported US nation building efforts from Europe and Africa, to the Far East.
From 1965 to 1969 MSTS moved almost 54 million tons of combat equipment and supplies and almost 8 million long tons of fuel to Vietnam.
In 1971 Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt proposed the use of MSC ships for direct support of the fleet at sea.
To determine the feasibility of this concept, Admiral Zumwalt directed the formation of a special study group to recommend how the navy could better utilize the MSC fleet to save both manpower and money.
The high cost of training personnel after the advent of the all-volunteer navy made it imperative that seagoing personnel be assigned to complex warships of the fleet whenever possible.
The study concluded that significant savings could be achieved if civilian mariners could be substituted for uniformed navy sailors in fleet support ships.
Extensive trials were conducted using the civilian manned merchant tanker SS Erna Elizabeth equipped with both alongside and astern fueling gear to test the feasibility of augmenting (not replacing) the service force with ships of the U.S.
After its transfer, the ship underwent a thorough overhaul that included refurbishment of equipment, gear, and refueling rigs, modification of crew quarters, and the removal of armaments.
The shortage of multiproduct replenishment ships in the early 1970s led to the development of an improvised system for dispensing fuel from ammunition and stores ships that allowed them to transfer fuel to smaller combatants.
Neither type of ship had cargo fuel, but each could share its own fuel with destroyers and frigates in an emergency.
The lack of sufficient numbers of AOEs or AORs precluded the deployment of these types in support of any of the surface warfare groups, which were generally composed of destroyers and frigates.
The old saw that necessity is the mother of invention proved to be true when Rear Admiral John Johnson devised a practical solution to the shortage of fuel-carrying UNREP ships based on the modification of existing cargo transfer gear on ammunition and stores ships.
As commander Task Force 73 (the service force of the Seventh Fleet) in 1973, Admiral Johnson had to contend with the problem of how to provide logistic support for the two Seventh Fleet destroyers deployed to the Indian Ocean for an extended period of time.
The answer was to turn the into a mini multiproduct ship by adding two cargo reefer boxes as deck cargo and outfitting it with a jury-rigged fuel station.
The latter was achieved by temporarily rigging a 7-inch fuel hose to the starboard side cargo station—the one closest to the ship's fuel receiving raiser.
The highline was used as a span wire, and fuel hose saddles were supported from a wire whip from a nearby hauling winch or a fiber whip from a nearby gypsy.
Fuel was pumped from the ship's own fuel bunkers to the receiving ship alongside using the fuel-transfer pump normally carried aboard the AE.
By the time the entered service on 19 December 1986, the Navy had transferred the five Second World War vintage tankers of the Mispillion class and the six 1950s-built Neosho class fleet oilers to the Military Sealift Command.
During the first Persian Gulf War, consisting of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, MSC distinguished itself as the largest source of defense transportation of any nation involved.
Command resources delivered more than 12 million tons (11 million metric tonnes) of wheeled and tracked vehicles, helicopters, ammunition, dry cargo, fuel and other supplies and equipment during the war.
At the high point of the war, more than 230 government-owned and chartered ships delivering the largest part of the international arsenal that defeated Saddam Hussein in Iraq.
MSC was also involved in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, delivering of cargo and of fuel by the end of the first year.
In August 2017, the Government Accountability Office issued a report detailing readiness issues that limited at-sea mission capabilities, prompting an investigation from the Department of Defense's Inspector General.
History Military Sealift Command operated former ships of the U.S. Navy, which upon decommissioning changes prefixes from United States Ship (USS) to United States Naval Ship (USNS).
The Curonian Spit (; ; , ; ) is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea coast.
The Curonian Spit stretches from the Sambian Peninsula on the south to its northern tip next to a narrow strait, across which is the port city of Klaipėda on the mainland of Lithuania.
The northern 52 km long stretch of the Curonian Spit peninsula belongs to Lithuania, while the rest is part of the Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.
The width of the spit varies from a minimum of 400 m in Russia (near the village of Lesnoy) to a maximum of 3,800 m in Lithuania (just north of Nida).
A glacial moraine served as its foundation; winds and sea currents later contributed enough sand to raise and keep the formation above sea level.
If (hypothetically) the source area to the south-west were cut off, say, by a large port construction with a pier, the Spit would erode and eventually disappear.
The most likely development, however, is that the shallow bay inside the Curonian Spit will eventually fill up with sediment, thus creating new land.
This child also appears in other myths (in some of which she is shown as a strong young woman, similar to a female version of the Greek Heracles).
800 to 1016, the Spit was the location of Kaup, a major pagan trading centre which has not been excavated yet.
The Teutonic Knights occupied the area in the 13th century, building their castles at Memel (1252), Neuhausen (1283), and at Rossitten (1372).
Deforestation of the spit due to overgrazing, timber harvesting, and building of boats for the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf in 1757 led to the dunes taking over the spit and burying entire villages.
Other sources credit George David Kuwert, the owner of a post station in Nida in the late 19th century, with beginning the spit’s reforestation.
In the 19th century the Curonian Spit was inhabited primarily by Kursenieki, with a significant German minority in the south and a Lithuanian minority in the north.
The population of Kursenieki eventually dwindled due to assimilation and other reasons; it is close to non-existent these days and had been even before 1945, when the spit had become ethnic German.
Painters from Königsberg such as Julius Freymuth and Eduard Bischoff visited the area, as did poets like Ernst Wiechert and Carl Zuckmayer.
From 1901 to 1946 the village of Rossitten, now Rybachy, became the site of the pioneering Rossitten Bird Observatory, the world's first, founded by German ornithologist Johannes Thienemann there because of the Spit's importance as a bird migration corridor.
After World War I, Nidden, together with the northern half of the Curonian Spit became part of the Klaipėda Region according to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles and was annexed by Lithuania in 1923.
Officially renamed Nida, the village nevertheless remained a German-majority settlement — the border with the remaining East Prussian half of the Spit lay only a few kilometres to the south.
The German population was expelled by force after World War II by the occupying Soviet forces, accompanied by widespread ethnic cleansing.
Like elsewhere in present-day Kaliningrad Oblast, the assimilation of the territory and colonization by Russian settlers was completed by changing the historic German toponyms to Russian ones throughout the Russian-controlled part of the Spit.
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, tourism flourished; many Germans, mostly the descendants of the inhabitants of the area, choose the Curonian Spit (especially Nida, as no visas are needed for Germans in Lithuania) as their holiday destination.
While today the Kursenieki, also known as Kuršininkai, are a nearly extinct Baltic ethnic group living along the Curonian Spit, in 1649 Kuršininkai settlement spanned from Memel (Klaipėda) to Danzig (Gdańsk).
The Kuršininkai were considered Latvians until after World War I, when Latvia gained independence from the Russian Empire, a consideration based on linguistic arguments.
This was the rationale for Latvian claims over the Curonian Spit, Memel and other territories of East Prussia, which would be later dropped.
Several ecological communities are present on and near the Spit, from its outer beaches to dune ridges, wetlands, meadows, and forests.
Between 10 and 20 million birds fly over the feature during spring and fall migrations, and many pause to rest or breed there.
The Russian side of the Curonian Spit belongs to Zelenogradsky District of the Kaliningrad Oblast, while the Lithuanian side is partitioned among Klaipėda city municipality and Neringa municipality.
The demand to tear the homes down is based on the fact that the Spit is a UN World Heritage Site and the only structures that were to be allowed outside official settlements were fishing shacks.
The largest town on the spit is Nida in Lithuania, a popular holiday resort, mostly frequented by Lithuanian and German tourists.
Scientists estimated that each person climbing or descending on the steep dune slopes moves several tons of sand, so hikers are only allowed to climb in designated paths.
It consists in small steps covered with granite slabs, carved with hour and half-hour notches, as well as one notch for each month, and four additional notches for solstices and equinoxes.
Due to the importance of tourism and fishing for the regional economy, pollution of sea and coastlines may have disastrous effects for the area as the unique nature and the economy would be damaged.
The construction of an offshore drilling facility (the Kravtsovskoye (D-6) oilfield) in the territorial waters of Russia, 22.5 km from the coastline of the Curonian Spit raised concerns over possible oil spills.
Between 2002 and 2005 local environmentalists in Kaliningrad Oblast and Lithuania protested against Lukoil's plans to exploit the oilfield, objecting to the possible great damage to the environment and tourism (a vital source of income in the area) in case of oil leakage.
The oilfield is about 4 km from the boundary of Lithuanian territorial waters; the prevailing northward currents means that the Lithuanian coastlines would receive much potential damage in case of leakage.
During the first decade of the 21st century the two states agreed to a joint environmental impact assessment of the D-6 project, including plans for oil spill mitigation.
Due to the importance of trees in preventing soil erosion, forest fires that happen in summer are more dangerous to the ecology.
When a telephone call is set up from one subscriber to another, several telephone exchanges could be involved, possibly across international boundaries.
To allow a call to be set up correctly, where ISUP is supported, a switch will signal call-related information like called party number to the next switch in the network using ISUP messages.
Regardless of what facilities are used to interconnect switches, each circuit between two switches is uniquely identified by a circuit identification code (CIC) that is included in the ISUP messages.
The exchange uses this information along with the received signaling information (especially the called party number) to determine which inbound and outbound circuits should be connected together to provide an end to end speech path.
In addition to call related information, ISUP is also used to exchange status information for, and permit management of, the available circuits.
In the case of no outbound circuit being available on a particular exchange, a release message is sent back to the preceding switches in the chain.
In Europe ETSI releases its own ISUP specification which is close that of the ITU-T. ITU-T ISUP is used for international connections and is the base for some national ISUP variants.
ANSI specifies variations of ISUP utilized under the North American Numbering Plan; however, some countries under the NANP differ in their support of some procedures (for example, LATA is meaningless within Canada.
While these variations of ISUP differ in subtle ways, the vast majority of ISUP message type, parameter type, and parameter field code-points, and related fundamental call processing procedures, agree across all variants.
An ISUP message contains a fixed header containing the circuit identification code and the ISUP message type, followed by a mandatory fixed-length parameter part, a mandatory variable-length parameter part, and an optional parameter part that are dependent on the type of message being sent.
ISUP messages can be sent using the services of the Message Transfer Part, or, less often, the Signalling Connection Control Part.
Note that some versions of ANSI ISUP permit a CIC with 14 significant bits instead of the 12 that are shown.
Józef Haller von Hallenburg (13 August 1873 – 4 June 1960) was a lieutenant general of the Polish Army, a legionary in the Polish Legions, harcmistrz (the highest Scouting instructor rank in Poland), the president of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP), and a political and social activist.
He studied at Vienna's Technical Military Academy and subsequently (1895–1906) served with the Austrian Army, resigning after reaching the rank of captain.
In 1916, during the First World War, he became commander of the Second Brigade of the Polish Legion, in particular the units which fought against Russia on the Eastern Front.
He protested the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and continued to fight the Russians with his II Brigade of the Polish Legions (later, the 4th and 5th Rifle Divisions of the Polish II Corps).
Under the pressure of the Germans, who after the Peace of Brest-Litovsk regarded the presence of Polish troops in Ukraine as illegal, and a fierce battle between Poles and Germans at Kaniów (10 May 1918, 2500 casualties) his corps was interned, while the Brigadier himself managed to escape to Moscow.
In 1920 Haller seized Pomerania and entered Danzig (Gdańsk) in the name of Poland, and during the Polish-Soviet War he commanded an army of volunteers.
After 1945 he settled in London as an exile and did not take active part in any émigré Polish political activities.
Haller was born 13 August 1873 in a small village called Jurczyce near Kraków (Skawina Municipal), at the time part of the so-called Austrian Poland.
An ancestor, Jan Haller, who was a bookseller and the owner of the first printing house in Poland in the 16th century, was one of his ancestors.
Józef Haller's father took part in the failed January Uprising against the partitioning powers and his maternal grandfather was a captain in the Polish Army during the infamous November Uprising.
Józef spent his early childhood in the countryside where up to the age of nine he grew up with his brothers and sisters.
He subsequently continued his education in the military Lower Realschule (secondary school) in Kaschau, Hungary (present-day Slovakia) and then in the Higher Realschule in Weisskirchen in Moravia, which was also attended to by some Austrian archdukes and European royalty.
When Józef Haller graduated from the university he was designated the rank of Second Lieutenant and then started his 15-year-long service with the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Since mid 1912 Haller had worked as a military trainer: he set up Falcon teams, organized secret soldier, non-commissioned officer and officer courses for the Polish youth.
He made a major contribution to creating the Scouts Cross where he suggested combining some elements of the Maltese Cross and the Polish Virtuti Militari Order.
On the strength of the order the Eastern Legion was formed in Lviv under the command of the General Adam Pietraszkiewicz.
Haller was one of the founders of this formation which is a combination of Falcon's Drużyny Polowe (Fields Brigades), Drużyny Bartoszowe (Bartosz Brigades) and the Polskie Drużyny Strzeleckie (Polish Rifle Squads).
At that time Austrian failures in Galicia led to occupation of Lviv and the whole territory of the eastern Galicia by the Russian army.
Due to a collapse of morale among soldiers and resistance against swearing loyalty to the Austrian emperor, the legion was disbanded.
On 30 September 1914, Haller and the military unit under his surveillance left Kraków, and set off to the front line in Eastern Carpathians.
On October the 12th the 3rd Legions’ Infantry Regiment troops under the command of Haller surmounted the Rafajlowa village in Galicia.
On 22nd and 23 October the main troops reached the village through the route near the Pantyr Mountain in Gorgany (later on it was named the Legions’ Mountain Pass), built by sappers and assaulted on Stanisławów.
After the successful defence and stabilization on the front line, lieutenant colonel Haller passed the leadership of the 3rd Legions’ Infantry Regiment to major Henryk Minkiewicz, simultaneously remaining in the 2nd Legions’ Infantry Brigade as commander's orderly officer.
In spring of 1916 Haller became a member of the Colonels’ Council, which incorporated the heads of Legions’ military units, and functioned in opposition to Legions’ Headquarters, which advocated Austrian policy.
On 15 February 1918, Haller questioned the agreements of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which reduced the chances for the creation of an independent Poland.
Together with the II Brigade of the Polish Legions and the rest of Polish soldiers, Haller broke through the frontline near Rarańcza.
They consisted of Polish men who firstly served in the French army, former POWs of Austrian-Hungarian and German armies (nearly 35,000) and Polish emigrants from the United States and Canada (about 23,000 people) and Brazil (300 people).
But according to an agreement of 28 September 1918, the Blue Army was recognised by the Triple Entente member countries and the independent Polish army.
In 1918 Polish troops commanded by Joseph Haller struggled with German soldiers on the western front line in the Vosges mountain region and Champagne.
The end of war did not interrupt the enlargement of the Polish army in France, also known as the Blue Army due to their uniforms.
Modern arms of the Blue Army, especially airplanes and Renault FT tanks enhanced the Polish Armed Forces yet to be founded.
Throughout the fighting on the Ukrainian front, soldiers within the ranks of the Blue Army assaulted segments of the local Jewish residents, assuming that some Jews were co-operating with Poland's enemies,[1][2][3] In eastern Galicia this included combat against a Jewish battalion under the leadership of Solomon Leinberg, a part of the Ukrainian Galician Army.
In Częstochowa on 27 May 1919, a soldier by the name of Stanisław Dziadecki who served in one of the Blue Army's rifle divisions was shot and wounded while on patrol.
A Jewish tailor was suspected, and killed by civilians and Haller's soldiers on the street, after which Jewish homes and businesses were looted, by estimates between 5 and 10 Jews were killed, and a few dozen wounded.
[23][24] Pavel Korzec wrote that as the army traveled further east, some of Haller's soldiers, as a way to exact retribution, looted Jewish houses and engaged in other acts of violence.
[25] Willian Hagen described Haller's troops together with civilian mobs as assaulting Jewish policemen, beating worshipers and destroying Jewish prayer books after in synagogues in eastern Chełm.
According to Howard Sachar, in the year and a half prior to the Blue Army's arrival, the total number of Jewish casualties in the region was between 400 and 500, with Haller's troops doubling this number.
[27] The Morgenthau Report estimated that the total number of Jews killed as a result of actions made by the Polish military (including the Blue Army) did not exceed 200–300.
[28] As a result of the Blue Army's activities, General Haller's visit to the United States was met with protests from American Jewish and Ukrainian communities.
[29][30] Tadeusz Piotrowski has written that far more Poles and Ukrainians in the region were killed than were Jews, and that in most cases it was impossible to disentangle gratuitous antisemitism from commonplace looting and brutality of the soldiery.
Because the Blue Army was the only well-armed combat unit in the recreated Polish Army, the command decided not to split it into smaller pieces.
In the course of victorious battles against the Ukrainian army, Haller's forces reached the Zbruch River, passing Volhynia and Eastern Galicia.
However, in June the General himself was dispatched to the Polish-German borderline in order to take command of the army on the South-Western front.
In October 1919, Haller was entrusted with the command of the Pomeranian Front, created in order to claim the territory of Pomerania, in peaceful and planned way, as the territory was granted to Poland according to the Treaty of Versailles.
As planned, the taking over of Pomerania began on 18 January 1920, starting with Toruń, which was taken over by squadrons of the 16th Pomeranian Infantry Division.
More territories were taken from the retreating German Army, until 11 February 1920, when the last of the soldiers left Gdańsk (Danzig).
He was also a member of the Council for Defence of the Nation (July–August 1920) and later led the North-Eastern Front.
After the war, Józef Haller had inter alia function of the Inspector General of Artillery (in the years 1920-26), and the president of the Supreme Military Evaluation Commission.
He was also a member of the War Council, lead the Hallerczyks’ Union, and from 3 July 1920 until 4 February 1923, was President of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association.
Because of his nationalist views, he was considered, among others, one of those who were responsible for the anti-Semitic riots in Częstochowa in 1919 in which soldiers of the Blue Army took part.
In 1923 and again in 1933, the General traveled to the United States with a mission of support for veterans and disabled members of the Blue Army.
In the 1920s along with his wife Alexandra and his son Eryk he settled in Pomerania in the Gorzuchowo mansion, near Chełmno.
During the years 1936-39, he was one of the organizers and leaders of Front Morges which was in opposition to the government of the sanacja regime.
After World War II broke out, Haller managed to make his way through Romania, to France, where he offered himself to serve General Władysław Sikorski's government, which was about to be formed.
At the turn of the years 1939–1940, he travelled again to the US, but this time to encourage American Polonia to join the Polish Army, which was being formed in France.
As their common name suggests, southeastern five-lined skinks have five characteristic narrow stripes along their bodies that become lighter with age.
The middle stripe tends to be narrower than the others, and the dark areas between stripes are black in young skinks but become brown with age.
Southeastern five-lined skinks are oviparous; the clutch size varies from 6 to 12, with the number of eggs diminishing with higher latitudes.
The City of London School, also known as CLS and City, is an independent day school for boys in the City of London, England, on the banks of the River Thames next to the Millennium Bridge, opposite Tate Modern.
The school was founded by a private Act of Parliament in 1834, following a bequest of land in 1442 for poor children in the City of London.
The original school was established at Milk Street, moving to the Victoria Embankment in 1879 and its present site on Queen Victoria Street in 1986.
The school provides day education to about 900 boys aged 10 to 18 and employs approximately 100 teaching staff and around another 100 non-teaching staff.
There is a small intake at 10 into Old Grammar, a year group consisting of two classes equivalent to primary school Year 6.
Former pupils, known as Old Citizens, who have attained eminence in various fields are prime minister H. H. Asquith, First World War hero Theodore Bayley Hardy, Nobel Prize–winning scientists Frederick Gowland Hopkins and Peter Higgs, Justice of the Supreme Court Lawrence Collins, England cricket captain Mike Brearley and Booker Prize-winning authors Kingsley Amis and Julian Barnes, Hollywood film director Michael Apted, and actor Daniel Radcliffe.
On his death in 1442, it was found that Carpenter had listed many bequests, most to his relatives but some to charitable causes.
However, a bequest of land was left to two trusted friends who were aware that Carpenter desired a legacy which would support children, and in turn the land was passed on to John Don, an influential man in the City of London.
This bequest was administered by the Corporation of London in around 1460 and a small college was founded next to Guildhall Chapel, also using the library facilities in the chapel.
Despite the fact that this continued for over 70 years, the earliest certain evidence of the existence of Carpenter's Children can only be traced back to 1536, and thus it is not clear who these boys were, what they were taught and where they lived.
The Corporation of London remained in control of Carpenter's estate and accounts from the next 300 years show that the money continued to be spent on children's benefits such as providing new coats to every child or providing them with access to education.
In 1823, a report published by the Charity Commission revealed that over the centuries, the income from the bequest vastly exceeded the expenses of the boys' education.
Had the Corporation instead looked for the will of John Don, it would have received guidance in what to do with the money.
The City Lands Committee suggested in a report that the bequest should be spent on educating a larger number of boys and this approach was adopted in 1826.
A number of people including Richard Taylor, a printer and an assistant to the founding of University College London, urged the Corporation of London to spend the bequest on creating a day school for the largest possible number of boys.
In 1830, they proposed that the City of London Corporation School should be founded with Taylor as a governor and that the school to be established on the site of the disused London Workhouse.
An Act of Parliament, the Estate of the London Workhouse Act 1829 (c. 43), was passed to transform the workhouse into a school and governors were appointed.
Over the next few years, the workhouse proposal was seen, by the City of London Lord Mayor's deputation and the City Lands Committee (Taylor was a member of both), as impractical and alternate schemes were proposed.
In 1832, Warren Stormes Hale, who believed that the workhouse proposal was not the best use of Carpenter's legacy, was appointed to the City Lands Committee.
He became chairman of the committee in 1833, and would come to be considered the second founder of the City of London School, after Carpenter.
However, this proposal faced the same funding difficulties as the workhouse proposal; only £300 per year was available, insufficient to build and maintain a school.
The altered bill was passed as an Act of Parliament, the Establishment of Honey Lane Market School Act 1834 (c. 35).
The act gave the Corporation of London a duty to maintain a school on the Honey Lane Market site and so gave control over almost every aspect of the school's running to the Corporation.
Although the committee's powers were initially limited, they gained more control over time as they made important decisions for the school.
The act gave the new school an annual budget of £900 (around £107,348.28 in 2016) from the bequest while the governors of the City of London Corporation School, who still wanted to implement their original idea, gained nothing, only retaining the old workhouse income.
Both Hale and the Corporation of London were also eager to create this second school, which the governors of the City of London Corporation School had proposed.
Despite their efforts, the other school was not founded until 1854, as the Freemen's Orphanage School, in Brixton with Hale as chairman.
The foundation stone of the new school was laid by Lord Brougham at premises in Milk Street, in the City of London near Cheapside, on the site of the old Honey Lane Market, in 1835 and the school opened its doors in 1837.
It did not discriminate against pupils on the grounds of religious persuasion (at a time when most public schools had an Anglican emphasis); it included pupils from non-conformist and Jewish families.
Also, unlike other established independent schools, it was a day school (although there were in early days a handful of boarders, no boarding department ever became established).
It was the first school in England to include science on the curriculum and to include scientific experiments as part of its teaching.
This did not, however, diminish its teaching in the subjects traditionally favoured by independent schools, and it sent classical and mathematical scholars to Oxford and Cambridge throughout the nineteenth century.
While many public schools moved away from Greater London in the late Nineteenth Century, a joint decision was made by the school's management and the school committee to stay in the capital as it was deemed a stimulating environment for education by many.
By a further Act of Parliament, the City of London School Act 1879 (c.lxiii), it was empowered to move to a new site at Blackfriars on the Victoria Embankment overlooking the Thames (still in the City of London).
The school moved in 1883 and the new building was opened by the Prince of Wales, (the future King Edward VII).
In 1920, an arrangement was made whereby all the boy choristers of the Temple Church, were given scholarships at the City of London School.
On 1 September 1939 following the German invasion of Poland and the start of the Second World War, the majority of the school were sent to Marlborough College by train.
Accommodation was not provided in the agreement with Marlborough College and so Turner wrote to the Mayor of Marlborough to request accommodation in town.
Many of the accommodation billets were occupied by soldiers and women working for the Ministry of Health at the time and so for the first night, the boys slept in the gymnasium of the school, before moving into the town's billets the following night.
When the Marlborough term began, an arrangement was made whereby City of London boys had lessons during games for Marlborough College pupils and vice versa.
The difficulties at the Marlborough location ranged from finding a study for Headmaster Dale to finding enough kitchen staff to prepare food for both schools.
Like many other schools evacuated into the countryside, the City of London School's enrolment fell from 700 to 430 during the war, although no pupil was killed or injured as a direct result of enemy fire.
By 1944, with the war settling down, the City of London School returned to its home on the Victoria Embankment, which had suffered no structural damage during the Blitz.
Soon after the building reopened, a bomb fell on the nearby Law Courts, and the staff sent pupils home for a week.
After Marlborough College refused permission to take the exams there, it was decided that boys would take the Higher Certificate papers in the Guildhall Crypt.
Today, a memorial exists on the school's current grounds (transplanted from the main staircase of the old Blackfriars site) to remember those Old Citizens who had lost their lives in both World Wars.
It was compulsory for a boy, above the third form, to serve in one of these organisations for at least four school terms.
This site included a pavilion, containing offices, changing rooms, toilets and showers, which was designed, by Old Citizen Ralph Knott, to also be a memorial to those Old Citizens who had lost their lives in the First World War.
Headmaster Boyes, believed that a new, modern building was needed for the school, and his efforts managed to secure a site on the banks of the River Thames for a new facility.
In 1986, the City of London School moved to its present site in purpose-built facilities in Queen Victoria Street (where it is opposite the College of Arms and just below St Paul's Cathedral) on one side and facing onto the banks of the River Thames on the other side.
School activity transferred to the new premises over the 1986 summer break and a ceremony for the official opening of the building, by the Princess Anne, was held in 1987.
The original building at Milk Street was designed by architect J.B. Bunning, who was the architect to the City of London and also an Old Citizen of the school.
The Victoria Embankment building, a grand building said to be in the Italian Renaissance style but actually in a high Victorian style with a steep pitched roof resembling that of a French chateau, was designed by Davis and Emanuel and constructed by John Mowlem & Co. at a cost exceeding £100,000 (about £11,158,064.52 in 2016).
Here the school was adjacent to the City of London School for Girls, which was founded by the City of London Corporation as a sister school in 1894 and moved in 1969 to its present site in the Barbican, and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama which has also since moved to the Barbican.
This building still stands and is protected by a preservation order; it was occupied by the investment bank JPMorgan, and it appeared on the left of the famous Thames Television ident from 1968 to 1989.
The present building on Queen Victoria Street was designed by City of London architect Thomas Meddings, an Old Citizen of the school as well as a former Temple Church chorister.
It is a wholly modern building, although some of the stained glass and sculptures from the Victoria Embankment building has been relocated to this new building.
A design and technology block was added to the building in 1990, though in 2008, the block was transformed into a building mainly used by the ICT and music departments, although some design and technology facilities remain.
The building was designed on a structural grid and non-load bearing walls were used so that the internal layout of the building could easily be changed when necessary.
The school's design is also slightly unusual in that it was built avoiding a road tunnel in the centre of the premises.
This meant that the first and second floors of the building could only be built on either side of the road tunnel.
The load on the third floor directly above the road tunnel is also limited and so there is a courtyard which goes up to the fifth floor, surrounded by the building, in that area.
The current building is opened to the public annually on one weekend in September as part of the Open House London event.
As well as houses named after the founder of the school John Carpenter and former headmasters Edwin Abbott and Mortimer, they include houses named after important Old Citizens or school benefactors including Beaufoy, a philanthropist who donated the sum of £10,000 (about £661,189.38 in 2016) in the eighteenth century, Hale who played a significant role in the school's founding and Seeley, a famous historian who attended the school.
Boys are assigned to a House in the Third Form (13 years old), which they stay in throughout their school career.
sports, literature, maths, among others) which contribute points to an overall Interhouse Competition that is decided at the end of the year.
Sixth formers do not have to wear the uniform, but they are required to wear suits and the sixth form school tie.
The uniform is a blazer with the school crest (black for winter or maroon with black stripes for summer, though both are now allowed throughout the year), white shirt, black trousers, shoes, black socks and school tie which has black and maroon stripes.
There are a selection of other ties worn by some pupils; these are given out as awards for achievements within the school.
School colours include junior colours normally awarded to boys in the fourth form and below who have represented the school on a number of occasions, half colours which are awarded to those who have competed in several events for the school, and full colours for those who have shown a good commitment in representing the school.
Other ties include the prefects tie for elected prefects, the senior prefects tie for the four senior prefects and the John Carpenter Club tie which is awarded to those who have competed in events at an international level.
Pupils are required to take a minimum of ten GCSE subjects in the fourth and fifth form of which six, mathematics, English Language, English literature, biology, chemistry and physics are chosen for all students.
Subjects on offer include Geography, History and Politics, Economics, Mathematics, Language and Literature, Music, Modern Languages, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Drama and Theatre, Classical Languages/Studies, Design and Visual Arts, Religious Education, Information Technology and Physical Education.
There is also a programme of PSHE, and games at all levels, and an programme for the first and second forms.
These include over 50 clubs and societies including a Model United Nations, public speaking and debating society which frequently participates in international competitions, and the Square Mile Club which in the past has attracted notable speakers such as Sir Trevor Macdonald, Brian Paddick, Sir David Pepper and Ian Livingston.
The school also gives boys the opportunity to receive instrumental tuition as well as join music groups including orchestras and choirs.
The school also offers sports including football, cricket, basketball, water polo, swimming, sailing, fencing, squash, badminton, fives, athletics, cross-country, judo, karate and indoor rowing.
The fundraising activities are coordinated by the boys and events take place throughout the year to raise money for the selected charity.
The school also participates annually in the UKMT Team Maths Challenge and the Hans Woyda Maths Challenge, consistently finishing in the top ranks each year.
The school's sports facilities include a multi-purpose indoor sports hall, a fencing salle, three squash courts, a 25-metre swimming pool, a conditioning room, a rooftop AstroTurf football pitch and grass playing fields and athletics tracks at Grove Park, Lewisham.
Other facilities include the Great Hall, a sixth form common room, a bookshop, a library, an archive room, three ICT labs, facilities for the Combined Cadet Force (including a rifle range), a drama studio, two playgrounds and a drama theatre.
The Great Hall houses a Walker organ which was moved from the previous school building and put into a new casing.
The organ has 3 manual departments, 61 notes and a pedal department with 32 notes as well as 43 stops, 4 tremulants and 6 couplers.
Although the school provides a very modern atmosphere in most aspects of school life, there are some traditional events held annually, although attendance of these events is no longer compulsory for all boys.
It continues to be under the governance of the City of London Corporation] (the governing body of the City of London headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, as opposed to Greater London, as well as an independent corporation).
The school is under the governance of the City of London Corporation's corporate arm as opposed to its Local Authority arm.
The school is one of the three independent schools owned by the City of London Corporation, the other two being the City of London School for Girls and the City of London Freemen's School.
The City of London School for Girls located in the Barbican is a fifteen-minute walk away from the school and there are joint events, such as social evenings, concerts and plays, with the school throughout the year.
Although the City of London School has always charged fees to most of its pupils, it describes the fees as moderate compared with other independent schools, and it has always offered scholarships, both on the basis of academic and musical ability (it educates ten boys selected for the Choir of Her Majesty's Chapel Royal).
After the withdrawal of the Government Assisted Places scheme in 1998, the school has offered full-fee bursaries (or Sponsored Awards) to pupils from families on lower incomes with the help of contributions from parties including private companies, the John Carpenter Club, the City of London Corporation, and parents of current pupils.
In 2014, at a time when 82 boys at the school received bursaries of 100% of the annual fees of £14,313, the current head Sarah Fletcher said that her decision to take up the position had been influenced by the school's generous bursary schemes, partly because her own grandfather had enjoyed a life-changing opportunity when given an educational bursary many years before.
For the 2017–18 academic year, the annual school fees were £16,731, and lunch was an extra £252 a term (£756 a year).
Events such as the 24-hour 'fishathon', 48-hour row, cake sales, sponsored swims and an 11-mile sponsored walk generate money for the charity appeal.
Jack Crawford is a British born American football player who was drafted with the 158th overall pick in the 2012 NFL Draft by the Oakland Raiders.
Sheila Gallagher MBE was honoured for her service as a lollipop lady at the crossing to the school on Queen Victoria Street, in 2002.Horace Brearley, father of Cricketer Mike Brearley, was also a master at the school.
Abbott oversaw the education of future Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, before retiring in 1889 to devote himself to literary and theological pursuits.
Prebendary Dr Arthur Chilton MVO, DD was appointed Headmaster in 1905, an appointment he held for 24 years and throughout World War One, until 1929.
James Ashley Boyes (1924 – 6 July 2004) served as Headmaster from 1965 to 1984, retiring at the end of that academic year.
David R. Levin, who was also the chair of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference for the 2009–2010 academic year, held the position from 1999 to 2014.
He left the school in January 2014 to become the managing director of all the independent schools owned by United Learning, and was succeeded by Sarah Fletcher, who had been the head of Kingston Grammar School, in May 2014.
Herne Hill railway station is in the London Borough of Lambeth, South London, England, on the boundary between London fare zones 2 and 3.
Train services are provided by Thameslink to London Blackfriars, Farringdon, St Pancras International and St Albans on the Thameslink route and by Southeastern to London Victoria (via Brixton) and Orpington on the Chatham Main Line.
Initial service was only to Victoria, but by 1869 services ran to the City of London, King's Cross, Kingston via Wimbledon, and Kent, including express trains to Dover Harbour for continental Europe.
The arrival of the railways transformed Herne Hill from a wealthy suburb with large residential estates into a densely populated urban area.
Herne Hill railway station sits at the bottom of the hill that gives the area its name and is close to Brockwell Park.
The Chatham Main Line and Sutton Loop railway lines through Herne Hill are elevated above road level on a brick viaduct that runs north–south.
The station's 1862 Gothic, polychrome brick building is on the western side of the viaduct, with access the station also from the east via a foot tunnel from Milkwood Road.
The building houses a ticket office and newsagent, and was Grade II listed in 1998: the listing notes the station's arched doorways, Welsh slate roof and decorative brickwork.
The station entrance canopy (which had been shortened and altered in the mid 20th century) was removed in 2015 due to its disrepair and a new one installed in July 2016 with a new timber valance design and cornice based on the original Victorian one.
The four tracks are served by two island platforms; northbound trains call at the western platform and southbound trains the eastern platform, providing cross-platform interchange between the two routes.
There are flat junctions at each end of the station: Herne Hill North Junction, where the lines to Loughborough Junction and Brixton diverge; and Herne Hill South Junction, where the lines to West Dulwich and Tulse Hill diverge.
The area now known as Herne Hill had been a rural part of the Manor of Milkwell since the 13th century.
Two tributaries of the River Effra met at the undeveloped site of the future station; it was known as Island Green until the 18th century.
Sanders granted leases for large plots of land to wealthy families – John Ruskin spent his childhood at an estate on Herne Hill.
The opening of the railway station, which provided convenient and cheap access to central London, started the urbanisation of Herne Hill.
An 1870 railway travel guide noted the population of Herne Hill was 701; the contemporaneous development of new residential streets would increase the population by 3,000.
A railway line through Herne Hill was proposed in 1852 by the Mid Kent and London and South Western Junction Railways Company.
In the late 1850s, the East Kent Railway had ambitions to run passenger trains between Kent and London, but it did not own any railway lines in inner London.
It reached an agreement with the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) in 1858 to use its West End and Crystal Palace line to access Battersea and (from 1860) Victoria.
On 6 August 1860, the Metropolitan Extensions Act granted the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR; the successor to the East Kent company) the powers to build three inner London lines: Beckenham Junction to Herne Hill (); Herne Hill to Farringdon (); and Herne Hill to Battersea to connect with the lines into Victoria ().
The route from Beckenham Junction to Battersea closely resembled that of the 1852 proposal, going via Clapham, Brixton, Herne Hill, Dulwich and Sydenham.
Herne Hill station and the first section to be completed, from Victoria to Herne Hill via Stewarts Lane and , opened on 25 August 1862.
The building was intended to impress: it had tea rooms offering buffets, decorative brickwork and a tower (which also served the practical function of concealing the water tank for steam locomotives).
The station's design prompted the journal to write a 2,000-word editorial bemoaning the comparatively poor architectural quality of other contemporary civil engineering projects.
The station's original signal box, elevated above the railway viaduct at the junction between Norwood Road and Half Moon Lane, was a prominent feature in Herne Hill for many years.
The land for the station was compulsorily purchased from the estate of Thomas Vyse (died 1861), manufacturer of straw hats and owner of the Abbey, an estate at 70 Herne Hill; the station and much of the viaduct were built on part of the Abbey's grounds.
A new road (Station Road) was built from the junction of Norwood Road and Half Moon Lane, Herne Hill's main thoroughfare, to the station.
The line from Beckenham Junction reached Herne Hill from the south in July 1863, connecting the station to the LCDR's lines in Kent, and finally allowing the LCDR to avoid using the LB&SCR's tracks to access Victoria from Kent.
On 6 October 1863, the City Branch opened from Herne Hill as far as , via and (the platforms at Loughborough Junction, now the closest station to Herne Hill, opened in 1872).
By June 1864, the City Branch had been extended to Blackfriars Bridge railway station (on the south bank of the River Thames) via .
Blackfriars Railway Bridge was then built across the Thames and a terminus for trains from the south opened at Ludgate Hill on 1 June 1865.
Snow Hill tunnel opened on 1 January 1866, enabling trains from Herne Hill to reach Farringdon and completing the Metropolitan Extension.
Later that year, the LCDR completed work to widen the railway viaduct between Herne Hill and Blackfriars Bridge, which included doubling the number of lines north of Loughborough Junction from two to four.
From July 1863, LCDR trains between Victoria and Kent ran through Herne Hill, and to continental Europe via a connecting steamboat from Dover Harbour to Calais; these boat trains left Victoria and Ludgate Hill simultaneously and were joined at Herne Hill.
Express journeys from Herne Hill to Dover, a distance of , took 1 hour 36 minutes, at an average speed of .
Services to London were split at Herne Hill to give passengers easier access to the City of London and beyond; the LCDR began operating direct services to King's Cross and Barnet (now High Barnet Underground station) from Herne Hill when Snow Hill tunnel opened.
The LCDR was compelled to operate this service by Parliament to compensate for the large number of working-class homes destroyed in Camberwell during the construction of the City Branch.
Regular one-way fares to Ludgate Hill were eightpence, sixpence and fourpence for first, second and third class respectively (or return for one shilling, ninepence and sevenpence respectively), with journey times of 15 minutes on express trains and 26 minutes when calling at all stops.
Both the Great Northern Railway (GNR) and the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) helped fund the Metropolitan Extensions (£320,000 and £310,000 respectively; £ and £ in ) in return for the right to use the LCDR's tracks.
The GNR ran trains between Hatfield and Herne Hill from August 1866 until March 1868 (when the trains were diverted to Victoria via Loughborough Junction); this was a busy all-stops service, with 15 trains leaving Hatfield and 14 leaving Herne Hill every day.
By 1870, a track had been added to the east of the station and two sidings had been added to the west; one of the western sidings was a bay platform for passenger trains, which was accessed from the platform adjoining the upper floor.
The LCDR enlarged the station in 1884 to meet growing demand: the viaduct was widened to allow for the construction of a second island platform and two lines to the east (the easternmost line was used only for freight); and the foot tunnel under the viaduct was opened.
In 1885, the LCDR decided to use Blackfriars Bridge railway station solely as a goods yard but lacked the space to sort wagons at the site.
A stationmaster's house was built at 239 Railton Road in the mid-1880s as the site offered a good view of the station (it is now privately owned).
At the beginning of 1899, the LCDR and the neighbouring South Eastern Railway (SER) combined their operations as the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR), jointly owned by the two railways.
a 'tube' line) between Herne Hill and Farringdon in order to remove Blackfriars Railway Bridge, which the author considered to be a blight on the Thames.
The intention was to satisfy journalists on Fleet Street who regularly complained in print about the poor quality of service on the line; those working on the morning papers often worked beyond midnight and missed the last train.
Services to Farringdon from Herne Hill were discontinued in 1916 with the closure of Snow Hill tunnel to passengers, and trains from the south terminated at Holborn Viaduct.
The LCDR amalgamated with the LB&SCR, SER and several other railways to form the Southern Railway at the start of 1923.
Herne Hill station was extensively remodelled as part of these works: the eastern island platform was lengthened; the original island platform was demolished and replaced by one further west, allowing two tracks to be laid between the island platforms; the western sidings were removed; and the upper floor was closed to passengers.
On 12 July 1925, a 660-volt third-rail system came into operation on both routes through Herne Hill, from Victoria to Orpington on the Chatham Main Line and along the entire length of the City Branch.
Electric trains ran every 20 minutes on both routes during the day and were kept overnight at the sorting sidings north of the station.
The distinctive signal box overlooking Norwood Road and a similar signal box at the northern end of the station were demolished in 1956 and replaced by a single signal box adjacent to the north junction.
The replacement signal box was in use from June 1956 until December 1981, when its functions were transferred to Victoria; the building still exists and is used by railway staff.
The signalling at Herne Hill was upgraded from semaphores to colour lights on 8 March 1959 as part of the Kent Coast electrification plan.
By 1959, the pattern of commuter services at Herne Hill had taken the shape it held into the 21st century: all-stops trains from Victoria to Orpington and from the City of London to Wimbledon and Sutton (but, unlike the modern Sutton Loop, via West Croydon).
However, there was a decline in the number of electric trains on the Chatham Main Line through Herne Hill in the years after the war.
Immediately after electrification in 1925, six trains used the route between Herne Hill and Shortlands in each direction during every off-peak hour.
The Herne Hill Sorting Sidings closed on 1 August 1966 and the freight line to the east of the station was taken out of service.
Nothing of the sidings remains: residential accommodation has been built along Shakespeare Road (on the western sidings) and commercial premises have been built along Milkwood Road (on the eastern sidings).
A key objective of the Thameslink Programme was allowing more trains to travel between central London and Brighton, which was prevented by a bottleneck between London Bridge and Blackfriars on a viaduct through the historic Borough Market.
Network Rail initially suggested widening the viaduct and demolishing part of the market, but the public backlash against this plan prompted Network Rail to consider permanently routing all Thameslink trains to/from Brighton via Herne Hill, avoiding London Bridge and the market.
This would have required the grade separation of the two lines through Herne Hill, which would have been achieved by constructing a new viaduct immediately to the east of the existing viaduct and using a fly-over to connect the southern end of the new viaduct to the line between Tulse Hill and North Dulwich (taking the tracks over the Chatham Main Line and towards Tulse Hill).
This proposal was rejected in 2004 because of its environmental impact on Herne Hill and the larger number of interchanges offered on the London Bridge route; the Borough Market viaduct was widened instead.
From December 2008 to May 2012, Thameslink trains serving Herne Hill did not run most weekends or after 22:30 every week-night because of construction work on the Thameslink route through central London as part of the Thameslink Programme.
During the initial planning in the late 1980s for High Speed 1, British Rail considered building the line to serve a low-level station at King's Cross via south London.
An option for this route was via Herne Hill, which would have required quadrupling the tracks on the Chatham Main Line between Shortlands and Herne Hill and on the City Branch to Loughborough Junction; it was estimated that this would have led to the loss of 90–180 homes in Lambeth.
Although both a different route and London terminus for HS1 were eventually chosen (St Pancras via East London), Eurostar services linking London Waterloo to Brussels and Paris passed through Herne Hill without stopping from 1994 until the completion of HS1 in November 2007.
This marked the end of rail services to the continent via Herne Hill, which had been started by the LCDR in 1863 when the line between Victoria and Dover via Herne Hill was completed.
The upper floor of the station, which had not been used by passengers since 1925, was converted into of office space in 1991 and rented as 'Tower House' (after the station's distinctive tower).
The disused freight line to the east of the station was partly reopened in 2009 as a siding for use by Thameslink trains to compensate for the loss of sidings when the Moorgate Thameslink branch was closed.
The station had become fully accessible by 2010: lifts were installed to provide step-free access to the platforms in 2008 and a unisex disabled-accessible toilet was opened on the southbound platforms in 2010.
Trains on the City Branch were reduced from September 1939 to once every 30 minutes during the week and hourly at weekends; and the line was cut twice during the Blitz.
On 6 November 1947, a steam train approaching from West Dulwich passed a signal at danger in heavy fog and crashed into an electric train crossing the station's south junction towards Tulse Hill.
A light engine travelling towards Tulse Hill was waiting to cross the south junction when it was struck from behind by an express passenger train from Victoria that had passed a signal at danger.
A second fatal collision occurred at the sorting sidings, just north of the station, on 1 April 1960 in fog that reduced visibility to .
A steam locomotive was waiting on the southbound track outside Herne Hill for a proceed signal when the signalman cleared an electric passenger train behind the steam locomotive to proceed down the same track.
The route through the station will be busier from December 2014 to 2018 as Thameslink trains serving London Bridge will be diverted via Herne Hill – an additional four trains per hour in both directions.
It would not be possible for the 12-car peak trains to call at Herne Hill as the platforms are too short and it would not be viable to use selective door operation as the carriages not on the platforms would foul the junctions.
Network Rail, in its July 2011 London & South East route utilisation strategy, recommended that all services from Herne Hill towards Blackfriars should terminate in the bay platforms at Blackfriars after London Bridge's redevelopment is completed in 2018 and the diverted Thameslink trains return there.
In January 2013, the Department for Transport (DfT) announced that trains serving the Sutton Loop Line (also known as the Wimbledon Loop) will continue to travel across London after 2018.
The DfT also decided the Sutton/Wimbledon Loop will remain part of the Thameslink franchise until at least late 2020; following which the route is now served by the Class 700 trains.
In the longer term, Network Rail has forecast that by 2031 there will be 900 more passengers attempting to travel on the route between Herne Hill and Blackfriars during the busiest peak hour every weekday than can be accommodated on the trains.
It is anticipated that eight-car trains with higher capacity (similar to the Class 378 trains used on inner London metro routes) will eventually be required to address this shortfall.
The route from Victoria to Orpington via Herne Hill is projected to be amongst the most congested and overcrowded in South East London by 2026.
Network Rail is considering grade-separating the two lines passing through Herne Hill so that trains would not cross each other's paths at the station's junctions; this restricts the number of services that can pass through the station.
A 2008 route utilisation strategy for South London concluded that this improvement will not be required before 2020 but recommended safeguarding the required land.
Grade-separation is supported by Southeastern and First Capital Connect believed it should be given more consideration, but Network Rail has stated that it would be difficult to carry out the work because the station is on a viaduct and surrounded by buildings.
The 2011 route utilisation strategy, which examined options for congestion relief at Herne Hill before 2031, did not suggest grade-separation as an option in the 2011–2031 period.
This project would also enable the platforms at Herne Hill to be lengthened to accommodate 12-car trains as the current northern junction, which prevents them from being extended, would be removed.
Transport for London (TfL) has recommended that specific improvement works (new entrance doors, removal of interior wall, wider stairs to platforms and second station entrance) be carried out between 2014 and 2019.
TfL has also suggested there may be potential for the turnback siding adjacent to Milkwood Road to be converted for passenger use.
This would require substantial changes to the station as there is no direct access to the platforms from Milkwood Road and the current subway for accessing the platforms does not extend east of the southbound platform.
It recommends that all London suburban rail services should eventually be devolved to TfL and that suburban services currently provided by Southeastern be devolved before 2020 to demonstrate the benefits of this approach.
TfL had announced that it would bid in late 2012 to have more involvement in these services after the expiration of Southeastern's franchise in early 2014, but the DfT announced in March 2013 that Southeastern's franchise was being extended until mid-2018.
TfL has considered extending the Victoria line to Herne Hill to provide faster turnaround at the southern end of the line.
In the morning peak, London bound services call at all stations but three return trains run fast from Herne Hill to Beckenham Junction.
In the evening peak, services to Beckenham Junction call at all stations but three return trains run fast from Herne Hill to Blackfriars.
London Buses routes 3, 37, 68, 196, 201, 322, 468 and 690 and night routes N3 and N68 serve the station.
The fleet is made up of approximately 130 ships which are divided among eight programs: Fleet Oiler (PM1), Special Mission (PM2), Strategic Sealift (PM3), Tow, Salvage, Tender, and Hospital Ship (PM4), Sealift (PM5), Combat Logistics Force (PM6), Expeditionary Mobile Base, Amphibious Command Ship, and Cable Layer (PM7) and Expeditionary Fast Transport (PM8).
With Robert William Briggs, he worked on transplantation of somatic cell nuclei from adult frogs into enucleated oocytes this leading to the first clone of an animal in 1952.
He was a scientist at the Institute for Cancer Research of the Lankenau Hospital Research Institute (now known as Lankenau Institute for Medical Research) when the work was conducted.
King and Briggs were awarded in 1972 the highest honor of the French Academy: the Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer of the Académie des Sciences, Institut de France and were the first Americans to be so honored.
This is a family tree for the kings of Scotland, since the unification under the House of Alpin in 834, to the personal union with England in 1603 under James VI of Scotland.
It was designed by Charles Henry Driver (1832–1900), the architect of Abbey Mills and Crossness pumping stations, who also designed the grade II listed and stations between here and .
It is between and on the South London Line, between Denmark Hill and on Catford Loop services, and between Queens Road Peckham and on the Sutton and Mole Valley Line.
Peckham Rye at a railway crossroads is a key interchange, being served by East London Line, Thameslink and Sutton & Mole Valley services; trains go to , , , , London Blackfriars, , , and .
Ticket gates were installed in May 2009 and during late 2010 the station was refurbished as part of a 'deep clean' by Southern.
A former waiting room for platforms 2 and 3, bricked up for 55 years, was partially restored and temporarily re-opened with a permanent re-opening being planned.
London Buses routes 12, 37, 63, 78, 197, 343, 363, P12 and P13 and night routes N63 and N343 serve the station; some via the bus station.
Dar's natural athletic abilities and his accomplished ease on the trampoline would quickly render him the ranking of 3rd place for his division.
He is also remembered for driving over the edge of the Grand Canyon and safely parachuting out before hitting the ground.
In 1979, he set the world record for a free-fall from a helicopter, dropping 311 feet (95 m) onto an airbag.
However, despite it being a record-setting fall, only the beginning of the stunt as he goes through the window is used in the film.
The first test of the cable using a bag of water equal to Robinson's weight smashed into the ground when the braking mechanism failed.
One article claims he received an honorary Academy Award in 1995 for his work, but it is not listed in the Academy database.
While filming a routine high speed run by the camera with a fellow stuntman, Robinson rode his stunt motorcycle past the braking point of a turn and straight off a cliff, to his death.
He is survived by his wife, Linda and their son Landon as well as his son from a previous marriage, Troy.
The former (XML Script) is an XML transformation language, while the latter (XML-Script) is a Microsoft technology preview for scripting web browsers - think of it as an XML version of ECMA JavaScript.
Queens Road Peckham railway station is in the London Borough of Southwark and also serves the area to the east of Peckham, in the London Borough of Lewisham.
The station opened with the line on 13 August 1866, and had two wooden side platforms and an intermediate centre platform to serve the third centre line.
The present island platform dates from the 1970s which is on a viaduct with the line: there are 48 steps leading to it, and one block of platform buildings.
One late night weekday service runs to instead of Clapham Junction, following the former route of the South London Line prior to the inauguration of the ELL Phase 2 extension Two Monday to Friday services to Dalston Junction also start from there.
London Buses routes 36, 136, 171, 177, 436, P12 and P13 and night routes N89, N136 and N171 serve the station.
In mathematics, a semigroupoid (also called semicategory, naked category or precategory) is a partial algebra that satisfies the axioms for a small category, except possibly for the requirement that there be an identity at each object.
The Visayan Sea is a sea in the Philippines surrounded by the islands of the Visayas: Western Visayas, Eastern Visayas, and Central Visayas to the south.
It is bounded by the islands Masbate to the north, Panay to the west, Leyte to the east, and Cebu & Negros to the south.
The sea is connected to the Sibuyan Sea to the northwest via the Jintotolo Channel, the Samar Sea to the northeast, the Panay Gulf (part of the Sulu Sea) to the southwest via the Guimaras Strait, and the Camotes Sea to the southeast.
Rauschenberg borders in the north on the town of Rosenthal (Waldeck-Frankenberg) as well as on the communities of Wohratal (Marburg-Biedenkopf) and Gilserberg (Schwalm-Eder-Kreis), in the east on the town of Stadtallendorf, in the south on the town of Kirchhain, in the southwest on the community of Cölbe, and in the west on the town of Wetter (all in Marburg-Biedenkopf).
Ever since the castle was blown up at a Kassel colonel's behest two years before the war ended, there has been nothing left of it but a ruin.
Rauschenberg's civic coat of arms might be described thus: Party per fess; above, in sable a six-pointed star argent; below in Or.
There has not been much left of the castle, later stately home, of Rauschenberg since it was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War.
The ruins on the hill over the constituent community – also known as Rauschenberg – are open and free to all.
She was a double world champion in 1958, the first North American to win a world title in the downhill event.
Her family was instrumental in promoting the sport of skiing and her grandfather George Wheeler built the famous Gray Rocks ski centre at Mont-Tremblant, Quebec.
He had moved to Quebec from Chazy, New York in the late nineteenth century, hoping to make it rich in the lumber business, but was wiped out by a forest fire.
Taught to ski at the age of two, Wheeler's skills were such that she was soon competing against older ski racers.
At age 10, she finished seventh in a downhill event at Mont Tremblant in a race that was open to participants of all ages.
She won the Canadian junior ski championship in 1947 at age 12 and at 14 was selected to compete for Canada at the World Championships in 1950 in Aspen, Colorado, the first major alpine event held outside of Europe.
However, her parents felt she was too young at age 15 to miss school and did not allow her to go.
There was very little in the way of government funding to cover expenses for skiers wishing to compete on the world stage or to pay for professional training.
It paid off when she became the first North American Olympic medalist in the downhill in alpine skiing, winning the bronze in 1956 at Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
She followed this with a spectacular performance at the 1958 World Championships in Bad Gastein, Austria, where she won both the downhill and the giant slalom and took silver in the combined.
Wheeler's breakthrough performance resulted in an increase in government funding that enabled other Canadian skiers to compete at the international level.
Her achievements were also instrumental in increasing the popularity of the sport both nationwide and in her native Quebec where what was once a remote destination in the Laurentian mountains for only a limited few became a thriving ski area with an abundance of quality facilities that attracts hundreds of thousands of skiers every winter.
Following her retirement from competitive racing at age 24 in 1959, Wheeler, along with Réal Charette, was a ski instructor in a film made at the Banff ski resort that won the American Library Association's award as the best educational sports film of 1960.
Wheeler married CFL Hall of Fame player Kaye Vaughan of Kansas in June 1960, and the couple lived for a time in Ottawa, but in 1967 they moved to the village of Knowlton in the heart of a Quebec ski area known as the Eastern Townships.
Wheeler was voted the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada's most outstanding athlete of 1958 and was inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame.
In 1976, she was made a member of the Order of Canada, her country's highest civilian honour, and was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame.
David Stewart (24 October 1378 – 26 March 1402) was heir apparent to the throne of Scotland from 1390 and the first Duke of Rothesay from 1398.
He was named after his great-great-uncle, David II of Scotland, and also held the titles of Earl of Atholl (1398–1402) and Earl of Carrick (1390–1402).
He shares with his uncle and arch-rival, Robert Stewart, first Duke of Albany, the distinction of being first dukes to be created in the Scottish peerage.
David Stewart, as eldest son of King Robert III and his wife, Anabella Drummond, was heir to the throne of Scotland.
Although this gave him an opportunity to flex political muscle, his room for manoeuvre was significantly constrained, however, by a combination of youthful inexperience and the ultimately mortal rivalry of his uncle, Robert Stewart (brother of Robert III; the latter was named John before he became king), Duke of Albany, who had been protector of the kingdom prior to David's lieutenancy.
David's subsequent marriage to Marjorie, forming a Douglas alliance with the throne, also caused a serious rupture with George I, Earl of March, whose daughter Elizabeth had originally been betrothed to David.
David is known to have involved himself in the political life of the kingdom, playing a role for instance in peace negotiations with John of Gaunt in the Marches.
In late February 1402, while travelling officially to St Andrews, David was arrested just outside the city at Strathtyrum in a sting operation which had been arranged by Albany, at that time in complicit alliance with David's brother-in-law, Archibald, the fourth Earl of Douglas, who was offended with Rothesay for his unfaithfulness to his wife, the sister of Douglas.
A few weeks later, in May 1402, a public enquiry into the circumstances of David's death exonerated Albany of all blame.
Benjamin Louis Paul Godard (18 August 184910 January 1895) was a French violinist and Romantic-era composer of Jewish extraction, best known for his opera Jocelyn.
Godard composed eight operas, five symphonies, two piano and two violin concertos, string quartets, sonatas for violin and piano, piano pieces and etudes, and more than a hundred songs.
He died at the age of 45 in Cannes (Alpes-Maritimes) of tuberculosis and was buried in the family tomb in Taverny in the French department of Val-d'Oise.
He entered the Conservatoire de Paris in 1863 where he studied under Henri Vieuxtemps (violin) and Napoléon Henri Reber (harmony) and accompanied Vieuxtemps twice to Germany.
The last of these was heard at the Opéra-Comique in 1895, and has been played in England by the Carl Rosa Opera Company.
He became a professor at the Conservatoire de Paris in 1887, and was made a Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur in 1889.
The island is divided into three provinces: Samar (the western two-fifths of the island of Samar), Northern Samar, and Eastern Samar.
These three provinces, along with the provinces on the nearby islands of Leyte and Biliran are part of the Eastern Visayas region.
To the south of Samar is the Leyte Gulf, which was the site of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, one of the most decisive naval battles during the Second World War.
The gulf opens out into the Philippine Sea, found to the east of Samar and is part of the Pacific Ocean.
4221, Samar was divided into three provinces: Northern Samar, Western Samar and Eastern Samar with Catarman, Catbalogan City and Borongan City as its capital, respectively.
Samar was the first island of the Philippines sighted by the Spanish expedition of Ferdinand Magellan on 16 March 1521 after having left the Mariana Islands.
Even if Samar was the first island of the Philippines sighted by Magellan, he did not land and continued sailing south till, after anchoring at Suluan Island, he finally landed on Homonhon Island on 17 March 1521.
The final campaign of the Philippine–American War (1899-1902) took place in Samar and is one of the best known, and most notorious, of the entire war.
A combination of factors resulted in particularly violent clashes, such as the Balangiga massacre of 1901, and a counter-insurgency campaign by the US forces with severe consequences for local populace.
Anti-German () is the generic name applied to a variety of theoretical and political tendencies within the radical left mainly in Germany and Austria.
The basic standpoint of the anti-Germans includes opposition to German nationalism, a critique of mainstream left anti-capitalist views, which are thought to be simplistic and structurally anti-Semitic, and a critique of anti-Semitism, which is considered to be deeply rooted in German cultural history.
As a result of this analysis of anti-semitism, support for Israel and opposition to Anti-Zionism is a primary unifying factor of the anti-German movement.
The rapid collapse of the German Democratic Republic and the looming reunification of Germany triggered a major crisis within the German Left.
This circle adopted a position developed by the Kommunistischer Bund, a decidedly pessimistic analysis with regard to the potential for revolutionary change in Germany.
The notion of a revival of German nationalism and racism as a result of the reunification seemed to confirm itself over the course of the 1990s, as shown by such events as the Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots and a murderous attack on a Turkish family in the West German town of Solingen.
Amid this wave of anti-immigrant violence, the German political establishment increased repression against immigrants, tightening of Germany's hitherto liberal asylum laws.
As a result of these conflicts, through the 1990s, small groups and circles associated with Anti-German ideas began to emerge throughout Germany, refining their ideological positions by dissenting from prevailing opinions within the German Left.
The Gulf War in 1990 consolidated the Anti-German position around a new issue, specifically criticism of the broader Left's failure to side with Israel against rocket attacks launched into civilian areas by the regime of Saddam Hussein.
Leading left-wing writers such as Eike Geisel and criticised the German peace movement for failing to appreciate the threat posed by Ba'athism to left-wing movements through the Middle East, in particular around the Iraqi regime's use of poison gas.
While other left-wing analysis identified Israel as an aggressor to the point they where perceiveid by the Anti-German movement as supporting Islamist groups such as Hamas, the Anti-German camp called for unconditional solidarity with Israel, explicitly Jews and other non-Arab groups native to the region against pan-Arabist ideology.
This break with other left-wing positions was further intensified by the September 11 attacks on America, with Anti-Germans strongly criticising other leftist positions that claimed that Al-Qaeda's assault on the United States was motivated by anti-imperialist or anti-capitalist resistance against American hegemony, instead claiming that Al-Qaeda and their attacks represented a modern form of fascism that needed to be stringently opposed.
In 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the bombing of Dresden, anti-Germans praised the bombing on the grounds that so many of the city's civilians had supported Nazism.
Kyle James points to this as an example of a shift towards support for the United States that became more pronounced after 9/11.
The 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was also a focus of opposition for the anti-Germans, as for most of the radical left.
Many anti-Germans condemned the war as a repetition of the political constellation of forces during the Second World War, with the Serbs in the role of victim of German imperialism.
The reasons the German government gave to legitimize the war - from an anti-German perspective - marked a turning point in the discourse of governmental history-policy.
Later Anti-German focal points included the Stop The Bomb Coalition, active in both Germany and Austria to maintain sanctions against Iranian attempts to obtain nuclear weapons.
His first public appearance at the age of seventeen was well received, and he decided to go to Copenhagen to continue his studies.
Cornelius Gurlitt's abilities as a musician were quickly recognized in Rome, and the papal Accademia di Santa Cecilia nominated him an honorary member, graduating as a Professor of Music in 1855.
It separates the islands of Samar and Leyte and connects the Carigara Bay (Samar Sea) with the San Pedro Bay (Leyte Gulf).
The HVDC Leyte–Luzon power line also crosses the strait through an overhead line at , using a tower on an uninhabited island in the strait.
The Tacloban City harbor, the main port of the Eastern Visayas, is on Cancabato Bay at the southern entrance of the strait.
The Flemish Parliament approves decrees, which are Flemish laws, applicable to all persons in the Flemish Region, and to Flemish institutions in Brussels; it appoints and supervises the Flemish Government; and it approves the Flemish budget.
The Flemish Parliament meets in the Flemish Parliament building in central Brussels, and its members and staff are housed in the House of the Flemish Representatives.
The laws issued by Parliament applied to all Belgians, and government ministers exercised their authority across the length and breadth of the country.
On December 7, 1971, the Cultural Council for the Dutch-speaking Cultural Community held its first meeting, later followed a parliament for the Flemish Region.
As a result, Flanders now has a single parliament and a single government with competence over community as well as over regional matters.
Currently, many voices in the Flemish Movement would like the Flemish Parliament to acquire certain sovereign powers in addition to those concerning language, culture and education.
Furthermore, among the broader Flemish population a consensus has emerged that the Flemish Parliament should also acquire much larger financial and fiscal autonomy.
The Flemish Parliament enacts decrees, which are Flemish laws, either as a decree of the Flemish Community or as a decree of the Flemish Region (or often as a decree combining provisions for both entities).
Regional legislation is only applicable to all persons in the Flemish Region whereas community legislation also applies to Flemish institutions or services in Brussels (and thus to persons in Brussels who choose to make use of these institutions or services, such as schools).
The basis for the community subject-matter jurisdiction is defined in the Belgian Constitution, but the Special Law on Institutional Reform defines all matters in high detail.
6 members are directly elected in the Brussels-Capital Region by those voters who voted for a Dutch-speaking party in the Brussels regional elections.
The elections take place every five years, simultaneously with the elections for the other regional and community parliaments and for the European Parliament.
The following table lists each legislative term since 1995, when the Flemish Parliament was first directly elected following the fourth state reform.
The Speaker of the Flemish Parliament is assisted by the Bureau, which consists of the Speaker, four Deputy Speakers and three Secretaries.
The Extended Bureau, which consists of the Bureau and the floor leaders of the recognised political fractions in the Flemish Parliament coordinates the political activities of the Flemish Parliament and sets the agenda for the plenary session.
The primary task of the committees is to examine the texts of decree proposals and organise hearings and discussions on decree proposals.
A World Transformed is a 1998 book () by former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Brent Scowcroft, Bush's National Security Advisor, documenting foreign relations during the Bush administration.
She received her first lessons from her father, who was a harpist in the orchestra of the Carl Rosa Opera Company.
When she was nine, Émile Sauret heard her play, and she gained one of the recently institued Wessely Exhibitions at the Royal Academy of Music, London: but owing to her father's lack of means she did not take it up.
She continued to study under several well known teachers, including a year with Edward Elgar in 1894 aged 10, August Wilhelmj in London in 1896, and in Birmingham in 1898.
The story goes that a clergyman found her in a half-starved condition playing for coppers in the streets of Bristol, took her to London and with the assistance of some friends—including W. Ebsworth Hill of the renowned violin makers W.E.
Hill & Sons—placed her in a position to receive lessons from Professor Johann Kruse (who had studied with Joachim) in 1900.
Hall played for the first time in Prague in November 1902, Vienna in January 1903, and made her London début on 16 February 1903 aged nineteen with Henry Wood at St James's Hall.
She made an international concert tour in 1904, playing in Germany, Canada, America and Australia, including an impromptu concert in a large marquee in Fiji with a particularly badly-tuned piano.
She made a tour through South Africa in 1910, for which she received £10,000 ($50,000) said at the time to be the largest ever paid to a violinist.
While she appeared to be not very strong physically, Hall proved herself strong enough to go on long tours and perform exacting programs without fatigue.
She gave the first public performances, that for violin and piano at a concert of the Avonmouth and Shirehampton Choral Society on 15 December 1920, and that for violin and orchestra at the Queen's Hall with the British Symphony Orchestra under Adrian Boult on 14 June 1921.
The Parliament of Wallonia () (Walloon Parliament () in the decrees) is the legislative body of Wallonia, one of the three self-governing regions of Belgium (the other two being Flanders and the Brussels-Capital Region).
A 1974 law on the temporary creation of regions installed a Walloon Regional Council (alongside a Flemish Regional Council), which were both abolished in 1977.
Its members were the national representatives and senators elected in the Walloon Region, who thus by law held two offices simultaneously.
All members of the Parliament of Wallonia are also members of the Parliament of the French Community, except for German-speaking members (currently and ) who represent the German-speaking population and are advisory members of the Parliament of the German-speaking Community.
A January 2018 law merged both Luxembourg constituencies and reformed the Hainaut constituencies (* = boundaries changed), following a successful challenge by Ecolo to the Constitutional Court that constituencies with too few seats are unrepresentative.
The first reference to the Spanish and the San Bernardino Strait is during the 1543–1545 expedition of Ruy Gomez de Villalobos, who was sent out by the Viceroy of Mexico under orders from the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to establish a Spanish colony near the Portuguese-occupied Spice Islands of Moluccas.
In order to guide ships traversing along the strait, the Capul Island Lighthouse was built from 1863 to 1896 under Francisco Perez Muñoz, following the designs of Guillermo Brockman in 1892.
During the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Imperial Japanese Admiral Kurita took his main battleship force through the strait to reach the American transports anchored in Leyte Gulf, but withdrew after the Battle off Samar.
At the age of fifteen she went to Paris, where she studied at the Conservatoire de Paris under Marie Renaud-Maury (1852-1928) and came under the notice of Charles Gounod and Victor Maurel, who were much impressed with her ability.
Most of her life, d'Hardelot was engaged in teaching singing and diction at her home in London, and many of her pupils attained success.
Few women composers became more popular in the early 20th century than did d'Hardelot, and her success was won on merit alone.
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, Alasdair Mór mac an Rígh, and called the Wolf of Badenoch (1343 – 20 June 1405), was the third surviving son of King Robert II of Scotland and youngest by his first wife, Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan.
His nickname was earned due to his notorious cruelty and rapacity, but there is no proof that it was used during his lifetime.
His father, Robert the Steward, had acquired the lands of Badenoch probably from Euphemia, Countess of Moray who had become his second wife.
In 1368 he and his sons were required by David's parliament to take an oath that they would keep their undisciplined followers in check—later that year, Robert and Alexander were imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle possibly as a result of these oaths having been broken.
Alexander's possession of Badenoch was unaffected by the restoration of the Earldom of Moray to John Dunbar in March 1372, nor were the territories of John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles, in Lochaber—similarly with the lands of Urquhart (south of Inverness) which had been granted to David Stewart, Earl of Strathearn and King Robert's eldest son with his second wife, Euphemia.
Alexander further extended his territorial gains in 1371 by leasing the Urquhart lands from his younger half-brother and then obtained possession of the Barony of Strathavon bordering his Badenoch lands.
In October 1372, Alexander was given the Royal Lieutenancy for those lands outwith the Earldom of Moray north and west of Inverness and added lands in Aberdeenshire and north Perthshire.
In the same year, he was Royal Justiciar in the Appin of Dull in Perthshire which meant that Alexander held crown authority from north Perthshire to the Pentland Firth.
Alexander de Ard, a principal claimant for the Earldom of Caithness as the eldest grandson of Earl Malise, resigned his territories to the crown in favour of both Alexander and his half-brother David.
Other lands belonging to his wife — including Lewis, Skye, Dingwall and Kingedward in Aberdeenshire — he held in joint ownership with her.
His possession of the Barony of Kingedward, a large part of the former Earldom of Buchan allowed King Robert to give Alexander the title of Earl of Buchan only days after his marriage.
Alexander ruled these territories with the help of his own private cateran forces, building up resentment among other land owners and this included Alexander Bur, Bishop of Moray.
There was no dominant potentate in Moray during the 12th and 13th centuries and the bishops ruled their territories with a great deal of independence, but this ended when King Robert I of Scotland elevated his nephew Thomas Randolph to the Earldom of Moray sometime between 12 April and 29 October 1312.
The Randolph family did not hold the Earldom for long and it reverted to the crown on the death of Thomas's son John, in 1346, and lay vacant for the next 26 years.
In 1365 bishop Bur persuaded David II that his lands in Badenoch and Strathspey should be governed as if in regality.
A few months later in March 1371, on his father's accession to the throne, Alexander was officially made Lord of Badenoch.
Robert II's charter gave Alexander the lands of Badenoch seemingly in regality with, presumably, authority over the church lands however, bishop Bur possibly protested at this, as the details of the grant of Badenoch contained in the Register of the Great Seal has no reference to regality.
Boardman explains that both the bishops of Moray and Aberdeen were in dispute with Alexander regarding the strain that his cateran followers were putting on church lands and tenants.
Boardman also theorises that it was this occupation of church lands, virtually rendering them worthless in terms of income, that may have been the reason for Bur 'voluntarily' giving up his rights to estates such as Rothiemurchas, on 20 April 1382.
Complicating matters was the fact that neither of the bishops could appeal to the 'legitimate secular authority' as that authority was Alexander himself in his positions of Lord of Badenoch and Royal Lieutenant and was the reason why they appealed directly to the King.
King Robert's reputation declined because of his backing Buchan's methods and so in November 1384, John, Earl of Carrick with the backing of the general council, took executive authority from his father with lawlessness in the north being a major issue.
The Lordship of Strathnairn had been administered by Buchan with the approval of the King, but now under Carrick's leadership, Sir David Lindsay was able to reassert his right to Strathnairn.
In April 1385, at the council, Buchan's brother David claimed that Buchan was holding Urquhart unlawfully, while Sir James Lindsay of Crawford reinstated his claim to the Lordship of Buchan and finally, the Earl of Moray demanded that some of Buchan's men be prosecuted for the killing of some of his men.
Despite these early attacks on his position, Buchan significantly strengthened his territorial position especially in the Great Glen where he retained Urquhart after his brother's death and then in the autumn of 1386 he gained the lands of Bona at the head of Loch Ness from the Earl of Moray and the adjoining lands in Abriachin from Sir Robert Chisholm.
Buchan's increased influence in Scottish affairs was again furthered when sometime before February 1387, he was appointed Justiciar North of the Forth Carrick's guardianship of Scotland had not been a success and certainly failed to rein in Buchan and so late in 1388, King Robert's second son, Robert, Earl of Fife (Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany) became the effective ruler of the Kingdom.
Within days Fife removed Buchan from the Justiciarship and, it is assumed, the Royal Lieutenancy and the Sheriffdom of Inverness and later installed his own son, Murdoch as Justiciar North of the Forth.
Fife was very uncompromising towards Buchan, who had been described as 'useless to the community' at a previous general council meeting.
Buchan had long deserted his wife and lived with Mairead inghean Eachainn with whom he had a number of children, including Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar.
Marital law was the prerogative of the Church and so on 2 November 1389, Bishop Alexander Bur of Moray and Bishop Alexander Kylquhous of Ross, ordered his return to his wife, Euphemia.
Buchan agreed to this, but didn't live up to his promise and so Fife encouraged Euphemia of Ross during her divorce proceedings against Buchan and in 1392 Euphemia was successful in her appeal to the Avignon papal court and his marriage was annulled.
Following the annulment, Buchan lost all claim to Euphemia's lands which returned to her and to her son Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross who was also contracted to marry Fife's daughter.
King Robert II died at Dundonald Castle in Ayrshire on 19 April 1390 and the chronicler Wyntoun informs that Robert was not buried at Scone until 13 August 1390, only a day before his son John, Earl of Carrick was crowned King as Robert III.
Fife was retained as Guardian of Scotland probably much against Buchan's hopes as he must have looked at some sort of volte-face on some of Fife's actions, particularly as Buchan reached his zenith of possessions under Carrick.
On top of this, Bishop Bur turned to Thomas Dunbar, Sheriff of Inverness and son of the Earl of Moray to provide his protection.
The events of May and June 1390 in the Laich of Moray were perhaps the result of a combination of factors that presented themselves to Buchan.
Firstly, John Dunbar, Earl of Moray and his fellow northern landowner Sir David Lindsay of Glenesk both absented themselves from Moray to attend a substantial tourney at Richard II of England's court.
In addition, Bishop Bur's involvement with Buchan's estrangement with his wife and then Bur's alignment with Moray presented an opportunity for revenge culminating in the destruction of Forres in May and then Elgin with its cathedral in June.
His destruction of the church possessions in Elgin was complete—as well as the cathedral, the monastery of the Greyfriars, St Giles parish church and the Hospital of Maison Dieu were all put to flame.
Church and state now came together to oppose him—excommunicated by Bur, Buchan had to appear at the Church of the Friars Preacher, in Perth in the presence of his brothers, King Robert III of Scotland and the Earl of Fife, and the council-general to plead for forgiveness—absolution was granted by bishop Walter Trail, Bishop of St Andrews.
Buchan's brutal assault on Moray in 1390 was to some extent intended to extricate himself from Fife's domination but turned out to be unsuccessful—Alexander was to lose his Lordship of Urquhart in 1392 and then his claim on Ross following his wife's divorce in 1392.
Fife's influence waned during the mid-1390s while that of King Robert and his son David, Earl of Carrick increased—the King took back responsibility for Scottish-English relations and had manoeuvred the Red Douglas earl of Angus into a dominating position in southeastern Scotland at the expense of Fife's ally, the Black Douglas.
A fight ensued near Pitlochry involving Duncan and Robert Stewart at the head of a band of caterans, when Sir Walter Ogilvie and Walter de Lychton and followers were killed.
Later it is recorded that three sons of Buchan's were imprisoned in Stirling Castle from 1396 to 1402 and Alexander Grant theorises that Buchan's low profile during the 1390s might have been because of his sons' incarceration.
Buchan is again mentioned at Spynie Castle on 3 May 1398 being ordered to deliver it up to William, bishop of Moray by Robert III.
Buchan appears to have left the north in his latter years appearing as Baillie of the Earldom of Atholl in 1402 and a mention in 1404 in Perth.
Buchan having acquired vast territories in the north lost a large part of them during his own lifetime (lands of Ross and Urquhart).
He was unsuccessful in maintaining law and order and this seen alongside his inability to hold onto his Ross territories demonstrated his ineffectiveness.
His chest tomb, topped by an effigy in armour, is one of the few Scottish royal monuments to have survived from the Middle Ages.
It would also explain why a party of Mackay's supported Stewart the Wolf of Badenoch in a raid into the Braes of Angus in 1391.
It may well also have served as a motive for Angus Du Mackay, 7th of Strathnaver having supported Alexander Stewart the Earl of Mar, son of the Wolf, at the Battle of Dingwall in 1411 against Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles, as Mackay and Stewart the Earl of Mar would have been cousins.
The Brussels Parliament role mainly consists in controlling the government of the Brussels-Capital Region, approving the budget and creating and passing legislation in regional matters, known as ordinances, which are legally binding.
One of its first tasks after the Parliament is renewed is appointing five ministers and three regional secretaries of state, who together form the cabinet of the Brussels-Capital Region.
The Brussels Parliament can also force the cabinet as a whole or one or more of its members to resign by passing a motion of no confidence.
However, because the Parliament cannot be dissolved prior to the end of its five-year term, such a motion is only admissible if it is a constructive motion, in other words, the Parliament must decide upon a successor to the cabinet or to one or more of its members.
The 89 members of the Brussels Parliament are divided into two language groups: 72 belong to the French-speaking group and 17 members belong to the Dutch-speaking group.
19 of the 72 French-speaking members of the Brussels Parliament are also members of the Parliament of the French Community of Belgium, and until 2004 this was also the case for six Dutch-speaking members, who were at the same time members of the Flemish Parliament.
For instance, it is not possible to be a member of the Chamber of Representatives and of one of the Regional Parliaments at the same time.
He is a clinical professor of communications at the Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism at the University of Southern California.
His mother, Ida Kuran, was a Russian Jew, and his father, Frederick Scheer, was a Protestant native of Germany; both worked in the garment industry.
After graduating from City College of New York with a degree in economics, he studied as a fellow at the Maxwell School of Syracuse University, and then did further economics graduate work at the Center for Chinese Studies at UC Berkeley.
Scheer has also been a Poynter fellow at Yale University, and was a fellow in arms control at Stanford University, the same post once held by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
Scheer reported from Cambodia, China, North Korea, Russia, Latin America and the Middle East (including the Six-Day War), as well as on national security matters in the United States.
Scheer lost, but won over 45% of the vote (and carried Berkeley), a strong enough showing against an incumbent that was a sign of New Left Sixties radicalism.
The delegation also contained people from the San Francisco Red Guard, the women's liberation movement, the Peace and Freedom Party, Newsreel, and the Movement for a Democratic Military.
In the November 1970 California elections, Scheer ran for the U.S. Senate as the nominee of the Peace and Freedom Party against Republican Senator George Murphy and Democratic Congressman John V. Tunney.
Scheer has taught courses at Antioch College, City College of New York, UC Irvine, UCLA and UC Berkeley, and is now a clinical professor at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication, where he teaches two courses each semester on media and society.
Scheer has profiled politicians from Californians Jerry Brown and Willie Brown to Washington insiders like Henry Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezinski, and figures like actor Tom Cruise.
that the paper's owner, the Tribune Company, owns a newspaper and a television station in the same market, which is illegal, and may have fired Scheer in an attempt to make it easier to obtain a waiver permitting the dual ownership from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
The publisher Jeff Johnson, who has offered not a word of explanation to me, has privately told people that he hated every word that I wrote.
Fortunately 60 percent of Americans now get the point but only after tens of thousand of Americans and Iraqis have been killed and maimed as the carnage spirals out of control.
Among the site's most covered stories was an atheist manifesto by writer Sam Harris and a searing birthday tribute to slain U.S. Army Ranger and former NFL star Pat Tillman, written by his brother, Kevin.
Robert Scheer is editor-in-chief of the news website Truthdig, which is a four-time recipient of the Webby Award for best political blog, and in 2013, Truthdig won a fifth award for best politics site.
Scheer received the 2010 Distinguished Work in New Media Award from the Society of Professional Journalists, and in 2011 Ithaca College named Scheer the winner of the Izzy Award for outstanding achievement in independent media.
Scheer was the 1998 honoree of the Shelter Partnership, an organization of Los Angeles downtown businesses as well as the recipient of the USC School of Social Work's Los Amigos Award.
He has also received awards and citations from Stanford University, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the University of California, San Diego, and Yale University.
Zacchino is the co-author of three books, and is a Senior Fellow at USC's Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership and Policy.
Part of the Bicol Region, the provinces on the peninsula include Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon; the two other provinces of the Bicol Region, namely Catanduanes and Masbate, are offshore islands.
The .40 S&W (10×22mm Smith & Wesson in unofficial metric notation) is a rimless pistol cartridge developed jointly by major American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester.
The .40 S&W was developed from the ground up as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9mm size) semi-automatic handguns.
In the aftermath of the 1986 FBI Miami shootout, in which two FBI special agents were killed and five wounded, the FBI started the process of testing 9×19mm Parabellum and .45 ACP ammunition in preparation to replace its standard-issue revolver with a semi-automatic pistol.
The FBI developed a series of practically oriented tests involving eight test events that they believed reasonably represented the kinds of situations that FBI agents commonly encountered in shooting incidents.
During tests of the 9×19mm and .45 ACP ammunition, the FBI Firearms Training Unit's special agent-in-charge, John Hall, decided to include tests of the 10mm Auto cartridge, supplying his own Colt Delta Elite 10mm semi-automatic, and personally handloaded ammunition.
The FBI's tests revealed that a JHP 10mm bullet, propelled between , achieved desired terminal performance without the heavy recoil associated with conventional 10mm ammunition ().
The FBI contacted Smith & Wesson and requested it to design a handgun to FBI specifications, based on the existing large-frame Smith & Wesson Model 4506 .45 ACP handgun, that would reliably function with the FBI's reduced-velocity 10 mm ammunition.
During this collaboration with the FBI, S&W realized that downsizing the 10mm full power to meet the FBI's medium velocity specification meant less powder and more airspace in the case.
They found that by removing the airspace they could shorten the 10mm case enough to fit within their medium-frame 9mm handguns and load it with a JHP bullet to produce ballistic performance identical to the FBI's reduced-velocity 10mm cartridge.
The .40 S&W cartridge debuted January 17, 1990, along with the new Smith & Wesson Model 4006 pistol, although it was several months before the pistols were available for purchase.
beat Smith & Wesson to the dealer shelves in 1990, with pistols chambered in .40 S&W (the Glock 22 and Glock 23) which were announced a week before the 4006.
Glock's rapid introduction was aided by its engineering of a pistol chambered in 10mm Auto, the Glock 20, only a short time earlier.
Since the .40 S&W uses the same bore diameter and case head as the 10mm Auto, it was merely a matter of adapting the 10mm design to the shorter 9×19mm Parabellum frames.
The new guns and ammunition were an immediate success, and pistols in the new caliber were adopted by several law enforcement agencies around the nation, including the FBI, which adopted the Glock pistol in .40 S&W in May 1997.
The popularity of the .40 S&W accelerated with the passage of the now-expired Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 which prohibited sales of pistol or rifle magazines that could hold more than ten rounds (cartridges), regardless of caliber.
As a result, many new firearm buyers limited to purchasing pistols with a maximum magazine capacity of 10 rounds chose pistols in the .40 S&W chambering instead of smaller-diameter cartridges such as the 9x19mm (9mm Luger or 9mm Parabellum).
The .40 S&W case length and overall cartridge length are shortened, but other dimensions except case web and wall thickness remain identical to the 10mm Auto.
Fired from a 10mm semi-auto, the .40 Smith & Wesson cartridge will headspace on the extractor and the bullet will jump a freebore just like a .38 Special fired from a .357 Magnum revolver.
A single-action revolver in the .38–40 chambering can also be modified to fire the .40 or the 10mm if it has an extra cylinder.
The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is , 6 grooves, ∅ lands = 9.91 ;mm, ∅ grooves = 10.17 mm, land width = 3.05 mm and the primer type is small pistol.
While possessing nearly identical accuracy, drift and drop as the 9mm Parabellum, it also has an energy advantage over the 9mm Parabellum and .45 ACP, and with a more manageable recoil than the 10mm Auto cartridge.
Marshall & Sanow (and other hydrostatic shock proponents) contend that with good jacketed hollow point bullets, the more energetic loads for the .40 S&W can also create hydrostatic shock in human-sized living targets.
Ballistically the .40 S&W is almost identical to the .38-40 Winchester introduced in 1874, as they share the same bullet diameter and bullet weight, and have similar muzzle velocities.
While not displacing the 9mm Parabellum, the .40 S&W is commonly used in law enforcement applications in keeping with its origin with the FBI.
The United States Coast Guard, having dual duties as maritime law enforcement and military deployments, has adopted the SIG Sauer P229R DAK in .40 S&W as their standard sidearm.
The .40 S&W has been noted in a number of cartridge case failures, particularly in older Glock pistols due to the relatively large area of unsupported case head in those barrels, given its high working pressure.
The feed ramp on the Glock .40 S&W pistols is larger than on other Glocks, which leaves the rear bottom of the case unsupported, and it is in this unsupported area that the cases fail.
While these case failures do not often injure the person holding the pistol, the venting of high pressure gas tends to eject the magazine out of the magazine well in a spectacular fashion, and usually destroys the pistol.
May Godfrey Sutton (September 25, 1886 – October 4, 1975) was an American tennis player who was active during the first decades of the 20th century.
At age 17 she won the singles title at the U.S. National Championships and in 1905 she became the first American player to win the singles title at Wimbledon.
May Sutton was born on September 25, 1886 in Plymouth, England, the youngest of seven children of Adolphus DeGrouchy Sutton, a Captain in the Royal Navy and Adeline Esther Godfray.
She also teamed with Miriam Hall to win the women's doubles title and came close to making it a clean sweep by advancing to the mixed doubles final.
She was unable to defend her U.S. title as she traveled to England in May 1905 to compete in the Wimbledon Championships.
Sutton became the first American and first non-British woman to win the Wimbledon singles title when she beat British star and reigning two-time Wimbledon champion Dorothea Douglass Chambers in the challenge round.
She did it while shocking the British audience by rolling up her sleeves to bare her elbows and wearing a skirt that showed her ankles.
For the next two years, she and Chambers met in the final, with Chambers recapturing the title in 1906 and Sutton winning it back in 1907.
On December 11, 1912, she married Tom Bundy, who was a three-time winner of the men's doubles title at the U.S. Championships, and semi-retired to raise a family.
In 1925, she was a women's doubles finalist at the U.S. Championships and, although almost forty years of age, her game was strong enough to be selected for America's Wightman Cup team.
She was a Wimbledon quarterfinalist in 1929 at the age of 42, which was the first time she had played Wimbledon since 1907.
In 1928 and 1929, she and her daughter Dorothy Cheney became the only mother/daughter combination to be seeded at the U.S. Championships.
Sutton died of cancer on October 4, 1975 in Santa Monica, California and was interred in the local Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery.
When she could keep her drives near the baseline, they either forced me back farther than I had been accustomed to play or compelled me to make errors.
Sutton played with an extreme Western grip and had a powerful topspin forehand that made the ball dip and bound high.
He was one of Franz Liszt's pupils and later one of his closest disciples and friends, being also on friendly terms with composer Richard Wagner, of whom he was an admirer.
Klindworth was born in Hanover in 1830 as the son of Carl August Klindworth and Dorothea Wilhelmine (1800–1853), née Lamminger, daughter of court printer Johann Thomas Lamminger (1757–1805).
As he was not accepted as violin pupil of Louis Spohr, he then joined a traveling theater company as a successful violinist and conductor when he was only 17.
In the summer of 1852 Klindworth went to Weimar where he took piano lessons with Franz Liszt and was soon one of his closest disciples and friends.
From London Klindworth went to Moscow in 1868, following Nikolai Rubinstein's invitation to take up the position of professor of pianoforte at the Moscow Conservatory, where he first met Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as professor of harmony.
He then became conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1882, in association with Joseph Joachim and Franz Wüllner, being also the conductor of the Berlin Wagner Society.
The party was founded in its present form in 1999, having grown out of a cross-party advocacy group called the Movement for Christian Democracy.
The roots of the party can be traced back to a movement founded in 1990 by Christians — both Protestants and Catholics — known as the Movement for Christian Democracy (MCD).
It was founded in Westminster at a rally which drew an attendance of 2,000 people, with the motivation of providing an answer to increasing secularism.
The three founding members were David Alton, Derek Enright and Ken Hargreaves, who were Members of Parliament representing the Liberal, Labour and Conservative parties respectively.
While the tradition of Christian democracy parties was well established in many other parts of Europe, it was not introduced into Britain until the MCD movement of the 1990s.
The movement existed as a cross-party advocacy group of sorts and although there were rumours in the media of it becoming a fully fledged political party it never materialised.
However, out of the movement its chairman, Dr Alan Storkey, and vice-chairman, David Campanale, led an internal consultation of MCD members that led to the formation of the Christian Peoples Alliance by leading MCD activists in 1999.
Elements of proportional representation at local government level, brought about after the devolution of the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly, saw the party gain confidence.
Gaining 98,549 votes at the first attempt, the party surprised some, finishing fifth, ahead of the Greens in first preference votes.
Following on from this, the party continued its activities, mostly in London in fairly deprived working class areas like Canning Town in the London Borough of Newham.
It was at Canning Town in 2002 that Alan Craig became the first Christian Democrat elected in Britain, as a member of the local Newham council.
In the following year, the party had two members elected at parish council level for Aston cum Aughton in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.
In the same year, it also gained encouragement from Scottish Catholic bishops Keith O'Brien and Philip Tartaglia for its social stances, including marriage, rights for unborn children and supporting the Church in the adoption debate.
Since 2007, the party has been affiliated to the European Christian Political Movement, an association of Christian Democrat parties, think tanks and politicians across Europe.
The party has campaigned on a range of issues, winning success in 2000 when it organised a petition against government plans to require Asian visitors to the UK to place a £10,000 'bond'.
The CPA has also opposed the reclassification of cannabis, When Craig became leader he introduced policies in favour of linking Christianity to the European Union Constitution, building more church schools and supporting traditional Christian morality.
He also has led campaigns backing the UNISON steward at Newham Council who faced disciplinary action; against plans to build London's large casino in Newham, against the Excel Arms Fair; against what he claims are Labour's plans to move local families out of Canning Town in support of yuppie housing.
The CPA has contested local authority elections at parish, borough, city and county level in London, Glasgow, Sheffield, Leeds, Rotherham, Middlesbrough, Ipswich, Gloucester, Northampton and Suffolk.
Since Cordle became leader, the party has focused more on putting up candidates in national elections and developing a comprehensive manifesto covering all issues of concern.
The party fought three regions in the 2014 European Parliament elections and they had 17 candidates in the 2015 general election and 31 in the 2017 one, a record number for the party.
The party was involved in the campaign against the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 with its leader Sid Cordle speaking at a rally in Trafalgar Square.
Presenter Jo Coburn was forced to ask Cordle to allow Jones to speak on several occasions, however Cordle accused Jones of being 'insulting' and claimed Coburn's reluctance to allow him to respond to Jones as being 'fake news'.
The Christian Peoples Alliance rejects class struggle doctrine and supports a mixed market economy, with an emphasis on the community, social solidarity, support for social welfare provision and some regulation of market forces.
Within the Mayflower Declaration the party sets out as goals and desires; providing resources to discourage economic dependency and promote gainful employment.
A holistic approach to care, which moves beyond mere financial assistance, as well as help for those in danger of being pushed to the margins of society, like the homeless and disabled.
It subsequently went further and in its 2014 European manifesto said it wanted a referendum on the EU and that if a referendum was held it would support leaving the EU.
This followed a similar targeting of Creasy in October 2019 by the UK arm of the US anti-abortion group, the Center for Bio-Ethical Reform, which had led the police to pass a file to the Crown Prosecution Service to consider whether its campaign constituted an offence of harassment.
Henry Louis Reginald De Koven (April 3, 1859January 16, 1920) was an American music critic and prolific composer, particularly of comic operas.
De Koven was born in Middletown, Connecticut, and moved to Europe in 1870, where he received the majority of his education.
He studied composition at Frankfurt with Johann Christian Hauff, and after staying there for six months moved on to Florence, Italy, where he studied singing with Luigi Vanuccini.
Between 1887 and 1913, De Koven composed 20 light operas, in addition to hundreds of songs, orchestral works, sonatas and ballets.
While Victor Herbert's operettas were heavily influencedy by those of continental operetta composers, De Koven's works were patterned after Gilbert and Sullivan.
It played in New York at the Knickerbocker Theatre and in London, in 1891, and at New York's Garden Theatre in 1892, and it continued to be revived for many years.
The famous pose with the arm resting on the head was so thoroughly identified with Apollo that it was used for the Hadrianic sculpture of Antinous as Apollo at Leptis Magna.
With the Hellenistic and Roman depictions of a youthful Dionysus typologically not always distinguishable from Apollo, the pose seems to have been inherited by Dionysus, as in the 2nd century CE Ludovisi Dionysus, a Roman sculpture.
The pose is also used in the Amazon statue types, and its long-established conventional expression of lassitude identified Sleeping Ariadne as well.
The brand was first launched in 1998 and is marketed on its unique black colour that derives from Catechu, an extract from the heartwood of Burmese catechu acacia trees.
He formed a production company, Amen-Ra Films, in 1991, and a subsidiary, Black Dot Media, to develop projects for film and television.
He has been training in martial arts since the age of 12, earning a 5th dan black belt in Shotokan Karate and 2nd dan black belt in Hapkido.
From 2010 to 2013, Snipes served a prison sentence in McKean County, Pennsylvania, for misdemeanor failure to file U.S. federal income tax returns.
Snipes was born in Orlando, Florida, the son of Marian (née Long), a teacher's assistant, and Wesley Rudolph Snipes, an aircraft engineer.
He attended the High School of Performing Arts of Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts but moved back to Florida before he could graduate.
After graduating from Jones High School in Orlando, Snipes returned to New York and attended the State University of New York at Purchase.
He also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and an honorary doctorate in humanities and fine arts from his alma mater, SUNY/Purchase.
He claimed that the studio did not pay his full salary, that he was intentionally cut out of casting decisions, and that his character's screen time was reduced in favor of co-stars Ryan Reynolds and Jessica Biel.
In the late 1990s, Snipes and his brother started a security firm called the Royal Guard of Amen-Ra, dedicated to providing VIPs with bodyguards trained in law enforcement and martial arts.
It emerged that Snipes had spotted of land near their Tama-Re compound in Putnam County, Georgia, intending to buy and use it for his business academy.
He has also trained in Capoeira under Mestre Jelon Vieira and in a number of other disciplines including kung fu at the USA Shaolin Temple and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and Kickboxing.
Berry spoke out against partner violence and shared the fact that a former partner of hers had hit her so hard that she lost 80% of the hearing in her left ear.
On October 12, 2006, Snipes, Eddie Ray Kahn, and Douglas P. Rosile were charged with one count of conspiring to defraud the United States and one count of knowingly making or aiding and abetting the making of a false and fraudulent claim for payment against the United States.
The conspiracy charge against Snipes alleged that he filed a false amended return, including a false tax refund claim of over $4 million for the year 1996, and a false amended return, including a false tax refund claim of over US$7.3 million for the year 1997.
On February 1, 2008, Snipes was acquitted on the felony count of conspiracy to defraud the government and on the felony count of filing a false claim with the government.
His co-defendants, Douglas P. Rosile and Eddie Ray Kahn, were convicted on the conspiracy and false claim charges in connection with the income tax refund claims filed for Snipes.
On April 24, 2008, Snipes was sentenced to three years in prison for willful failure to file federal income tax returns under .
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed Snipes's convictions in a 35-page decision issued on July 16, 2010.
Snipes reported to federal prison on December 9, 2010 to begin his three-year sentence, and was held at McKean Federal Correctional Institution, a federal prison in Pennsylvania.
On November 1, 2018, the United States Tax Court ruled that the Internal Revenue Service did not abuse its discretion in rejecting an offer in compromise made by Snipes and in sustaining the filing of a notice of federal tax lien in connection with approximately $23.5 million in Federal tax liabilities for tax year 2001 and years 2003 through 2006.
This meant that all the ecological niches occupied by mammals elsewhere were occupied by either insects or birds, leading to an unusually large number of flightless birds, including the kiwi, the weka, the moa (now extinct), and the kakapo.
There are also about 60 species of lizard (30 each of gecko and skink), four species of frog (all rare and endangered) and the tuatara (reptiles resembling lizards but with a distinct lineage).
Some butterflies of New Zealand are endemic, while many species have been introduced and some species of butterflies periodically migrate to New Zealand.
The Australian painted lady has been known to migrate from Australia to New Zealand in times of strong migration in Australia.
Of these, the rats, ferrets, cats, stoats and dogs have all seriously impacted the New Zealand fauna, driving many species to extinction.
Brushtail possums were introduced from Australia for a fur industry, and deer from Europe as game animals, both seriously damaging the forest habitat of many birds.
In recent years, successful efforts have been made to remove possums, rats, ferrets, and other mammals from many large and small offshore islands in an effort to return these places to something more closely resembling their original state.
Examples are Zealandia in Wellington city, from which about a ton of dead possums was removed after the installation of a mammal-proof fence, and the Maungatautari Restoration Project.
Hazard symbols or warning symbols are recognisable symbols designed to warn about hazardous or dangerous materials, locations, or objects, including electric currents, poisons, and radioactivity.
Hazard symbols may appear with different colors, backgrounds, borders and supplemental information in order to specify the type of hazard and the level of threat (for example, toxicity classes).
Warning symbols are used in many places in lieu of or addition to written warnings as they are quickly recognized (faster than reading a written warning) and more commonly understood (the same symbol can be recognized as having the same meaning to speakers of different languages).
On roadside warning signs, an exclamation mark is often used to draw attention to a generic warning of danger, hazards, and the unexpected.
When used for traffic signs, it is accompanied by a supplementary sign describing the hazard, usually mounted under the exclamation mark.
It often appears on hazardous equipment or in instruction manuals to draw attention to a precaution, when a more-specific warning symbol is not available.
The skull-and-crossbones symbol (☠), consisting of a human skull and two bones crossed together behind the skull, is today generally used as a warning of danger of death, particularly in regard to poisonous substances.
The symbol, or some variation thereof, specifically with the bones (or swords) below the skull, was also featured on the Jolly Roger, the traditional flag of European and American seagoing pirates.
In the United States, due to concerns that the skull-and-crossbones symbol's association with pirates might encourage children to play with toxic materials, the Mr. Yuk symbol is also used to denote poison.
The international radiation symbol (also known as the trefoil) first appeared in 1946, at the University of California, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory.
The sign is commonly referred to as a radioactivity warning sign, but it is actually a warning sign of ionizing radiation.
Ionizing radiation is a much broader category than radioactivity alone, as many non-radioactive sources also emit potentially dangerous levels of ionizing radiation.
Non-ionizing radiation can also reach potentially dangerous levels, but this warning sign is different from the trefoil ionizing radiation warning symbol.
On February 15, 2007, two groups—the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)—jointly announced the adoption of a new ionizing radiation warning symbol to supplement the traditional trefoil symbol.
The new symbol, to be used on sealed radiation sources, is aimed at alerting anyone, anywhere to the danger of being close to a strong source of ionizing radiation.
It depicts, on a red background, a black trefoil with waves of radiation streaming from it, along with a black skull and crossbones, and a running figure with an arrow pointing away from the scene.
The radiating trefoil suggests the presence of radiation, while the red background and the skull and crossbones warn of the danger.
The new symbol is not intended to be generally visible, but rather to appear on internal components of devices that house radiation sources so that if anybody attempts to disassemble such devices they will see an explicit warning not to proceed any further.
The biohazard symbol is used in the labeling of biological materials that carry a significant health risk (biohazards), including viral samples and used hypodermic needles (see sharps waste).
The basic outline of the symbol is a plain trefoil, which is three circles overlapping each other equally like in a triple Venn diagram with the overlapping parts erased.
Then three inner circles are drawn in with radius of the original circles so that it is tangent to the outside three overlapping circles.
A tiny circle in center has a diameter of the radius of the three inner circles, and arcs are erased at 90°, 210°, and 330°.
Finally, the ring under is drawn from the distance to the perimeter of the equilateral triangle that forms between the centers of the three intersecting circles.
An outer circle of the ring under is drawn and finally enclosed with the arcs from the center of the inner circles with a shorter radius from the inner circles.
A chemical hazard symbol is a pictogram applied to containers of dangerous chemical compounds to indicate the specific hazard, and thus the required precautions.
There are several systems of labels, depending on the purpose, such as on the container for end use, or on a vehicle during transportation.
Several European countries have started to implement these new global standards, but older warning symbols are still used in many parts of the world.
The US-based National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has a standard NFPA 704 using a diamond with four colored sections each with a number indicating severity 0–4 (0 for no hazard, 4 indicates a severe hazard).
One example of a special hazard would be the capital letter W crossed out (pictured left), indicating it is water reactant.
Some warning symbols have been redesigned to be more comprehensible to children, such as the Mr. Ouch (depicting an electricity danger as a snarling, spiky creature) and Mr. Yuk (a green frowny face sticking its tongue out, to represent poison) designs in the United States.
He was very difficult to hit cleanly with a power punch and his fights often went the full number of required rounds.
In his boxing career, he received thousands of punches to the head, which eventually led to the deterioration of his motor functions.
He developed a sort of a radar, a sense of anticipation of blows, and ability to react to that, and act on it.
He continued acting in films as well as on radio and television, where he again portrayed big, clumsy, often punch-drunk-but-lovable characters.
Written by Rod Serling and starring Jack Palance, that teleplay presents the story of a boxer at the end of his career.
In it Rosenbloom portrays a character whose life revolves around his retelling old boxing stories night after night to other ex-boxers who gather in a down-and-out bar.
Rosenbloom, at age 68, died of Paget's disease of bone on March 6, 1976 at the Braewood Convalescent Hospital in South Pasadena, California.
It was founded as Rosedale Cemetery in 1884, when Los Angeles was a small city of around 28,000 people, on of land running from Washington to Venice Boulevard (then 16th Street) between Normandie Avenue and Walton and Catalina Streets, and often used by California politicians, notably former Mayors of the City of Los Angeles.
The interments include pioneers and members of leading families who had a conspicuous place in Los Angeles institutions and the state.
Rosedale was the first cemetery in Los Angeles open to all races and creeds, and was the first to adopt the concept of the new approach of design called lawn cemeteries, where the grounds are enhanced to surround the burial places of the dead with beautiful and decorative trees, shrubs, flowers, natural scenery and works of monumental art.
The initial cremation took place on June 16, when the body of Mrs. Olive A. Bird (c. 1845–1886), wife of prominent physician O.B.
Next to the cemetery at 1605 S. Catalina Street, is another cremation facility, the domed, observatory shaped Chapel of the Pines Crematory.
In 2004, the amalgamation of surrounding former urban-type settlements of Uglovoye, Zavodskoy, and Artyomovsky into the city saw its official population rise from around 60,000 to over 100,000.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated as Artyom City Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Artyom is built mainly with one-, two-, and five-story panel buildings, though a comparatively large number of wooden private houses can be seen.
An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball, farthest from the batter.
As an outfielder, their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances, if there is any runners on the bases.
These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms.
Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron, Ty Cobb, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays, Stan Musial, Pete Rose, Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr.
Right fielders tend to have the best throwing arms of the outfield so they can make the long throw to third base, but often are not as fast as left fielders.
Center fielders are generally the fastest and most athletic of the three, because they have to run the farthest in order to field balls in the gaps and back up the other outfielders when balls are hit to them.
They can tell what the pitcher is throwing by the middle infielders, second base and short stop, in which they show the numbers the catcher is giving to the pitcher behind their back to determine the pitch and tell where the ball could possibly be hit to.
Many of the best power hitters in baseball play in the outfield, where they do not have as constant involvement in fielding plays as other positions, especially before the institution of the designated hitter.
Left fielders and right fielders are more often slow power hitters, and center fielders are usually fast base-runners and good defensive players.
Players who do not routinely start games, but often substitute as a pinch hitter or defensive replacement in the outfield are referred to as fourth outfielders or even fifth outfielders.
The main differences between left and right fielders are, first, that left fielders handle more chances because right-handed pull hitters tend to hit balls to left; second, that right fielders typically have stronger arms; third, that right fielders are frequently (not always) slower and less agile defensively.
He was a centerfielder his entire career (mainly with the Milwaukee Brewers), but was not nearly in shape as the typical player for this position.
Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi (born 14 February 1933 – 23 February 1969), better known by her stage name Madhubala, was an Indian film actress who appeared in Hindi films.
In 1951, she also caught the interest of Hollywood when ace photographer James Burke visited India and photographed her for Life Magazine.
She was an avid fan of Hollywood, and while visiting Bombay, Frank Capra was keen in giving her a break in Hollywood but her father refused.
Madhubala's life and career was cut short when she died in 1969 from a prolonged illness at the age of 36.
Madhubala was born on 14 February 1933 as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi, the fifth of eleven children in Delhi, British India (present day in India).
Her father, Ataullah Khan belonged to the Yousafzai tribe of Pashtuns, and lived in Peshawar valley which includes the present-day regions of Mardan and Swabi, now in Pakistan, with his family.
With his six remaining daughters to provide for, Khan, and the young Madhubala began to pay frequent visits to Bombay film studios to look for work.
At the age of 9, this was Madhubala's introduction to the movie industry, which would provide financial help to her family.
A nine-year old Madhubala, then a child artist often tottered around various studios of Bombay in search of work and made several friends there.
Academy Award winner American director Frank Capra, while visiting Bombay for International Film Festival of India, was keen to give her a break in Hollywood, but her father Ataullah Khan declined this offer.
Though it was a role intended for well-known star Suraiya, eventually went to Madhubala after being screen-tested among many leading ladies of that time.
It became one of the biggest box office hits of the year in India and paved way for Indian gothic fiction.
Madhubala's co-stars Ashok Kumar, Raj Kapoor, Rehman, Pradeep Kumar, Shammi Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Sunil Dutt and Dev Anand were the most popular actors of that period.
The film is a psychological drama, exploring a violent act between the main characters and the crisis of conscience that rocks them.
It is the story of a prosperous lawyer Amar (Dilip Kumar), who is in love and engaged to a young woman Anju (Madhubala) but rapes a poor local village woman, Sonia (Nimmi).
The rest of the story deals with the aftermath of this tragic event, will all the inevitable undercurrents of guilt, penitence and pervasive heart break that stems from it.
Madhubala performs a dance as Anarkali in this song and in many lines, taunts the emperor, Akbar, by repeatedly declaring her refusal to hide her true feelings even in the face of likely death.
Although the film took nine years to complete, it was not until 1953 that Madhubala was finally chosen for the role.
However, by the late 1950s, her health was deteriorating rapidly, and director K. Asif, probably unaware of the extent of Madhubala's illness, required long shooting schedules that made physical demands on her, whether it was posing as a veiled statue in suffocating make-up for hours under the studio lights or being shackled with heavy chains.
The film is about Jhumroo, a tribal, who falls in love with Anjana, a wealthy woman whose father disapproves of the match.
Vijay (Kishore Kumar) is the good-for-nothing son of a rich industrialist, who becomes bored of his father's constant railing and the efforts to marry him off.
However, he doesn't have enough money for a ticket, so he decides to pass himself off as a child in order to get the eponymous half ticket.
Most of her other films released during this time were marred by her absence due to illness during filming and subsequent lack of completion.
It was also said that Madhubala put forward an outrageous deal where she offered to pay Amrohi, a sum amount of Rs.
Her father stood between her and Dilip Kumar as he was worried that if Madhubala would get married to Dilip Kumar, he would lose the financial cushion that Madhubala had offered to her entire family as she was the sole breadwinner.
Ataullah Khan was against the relationship as Madhubala had just started her career and earning huge amount of money for her roles.
It has been said that Dilip Kumar insisted that if they were to marry, Madhubala would have to severe all ties with her family.
When Madhubala was ill in the late 1950s with the congenital heart disease, Kishore Kumar proposed to her and she decided to marry him after realising that Dilip Kumar was not going to marry her.
They went to London soon after their marriage for their honeymoon where the doctor told her that she had only two years to live.
According to Madhubala's sister, Madhur Bhushan, after returning India, Kishore Kumar bought a flat for Madhubala at Quarter Deck, Carter's Road, Bandra, where they stayed for a while and then, he left her there with a nurse and a driver.
Very often when shooting was over, there'd be a vast crowd standing at the gates just to have a look at Madhu...
This struck a fatal blow to the Dilip-Madhubala relationship as it ended any chance of reconciliation between Dilip Kumar and Madhubala's father.
Madhubala's illness was known to Kishore, but like all the others, he did not realise its gravity; Ataullah Khan did not approve of his son-in-law at all, but he had lost the courage to disapprove.
However, the secret version of the film earned Kishore Kumar a lot of money that he earned forcing Madhubala to work as a sex slave in the secret version of the movie.
Hence, she could never undergo a heart surgery later in life, when open heart surgeries were possible in some Western countries like the United States.
By 1960, her condition had become aggravated, and as her sister explains that due to her ailment, her body would produce extra blood, so it would spill out from her nose and mouth.
As a result of the ventricular septal defect, blood would bypass her lungs leading to low oxygen levels and giving her a blue discoloration.
In 2010, Madhubala's tomb along with those of Mohammed Rafi, Parveen Babi, Talat Mahmood, Naushad Ali and Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished to make way for newer graves.
Madhubala's strong presence in the public memory has been evidenced by all recent polls about top actresses or beauties of the Indian cinema.
Modern magazines continue to publish stories on her personal life and career, often promoting her name heavily on the covers to attract sales.
It was launched by veteran actors Nimmi and Manoj Kumar in a ceremony attended by colleagues, friends and surviving members of Madhubala's family.
Despite the fact that Madhubala was a very popular actress, she had never received any awards, unlike her contemporaries Meena Kumari, Nutan, Waheeda Rehman, Suraiya, Vyjanthimala and Nargis.
She will not be directing the film but has urged other filmmakers not to plan any biopics on the same subject.
George Casper Homans (August 11, 1910 – May 29, 1989) was an American sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology and a major contributor to the social exchange theory.
George C. Homans was born in Boston on August 11, 1910, son of Robert and Abigail (Adams) Homans, great-great grandson of John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States, and great-great-great grandson of John Adams, the second President of the United States.
The Homans' came from a lineage of distinguished doctors that began when the first John Homans came to the country from Ramsgate, Kent, England in the 18th century.
His son, Dr. John Homans, Harvard University graduate, was the first to become a doctor and begin the reputation of the John Homanses (Homans 1984:1–2).
From his autobiography (Homans 1984), it is learned that Homans entered Harvard College in 1928 with a concentration in English and American literature.
Lawrence Joseph Henderson, a biochemist and sociologist who believed that all sciences should be based on a unified set of theoretical and methodological principles, was an important influencer on Homans perspective.
Homans, with no job and nothing to do, attended Henderson's seminar at Harvard one day and was immediately taken by his lecture.
As a result, Homans joined a discussion group at Harvard called the Pareto Circle, which was led by Henderson and inspired by the work of Vilfredo Pareto.
From 1934 to 1939 Homans was a Junior Fellow of the newly formed Society of Fellows at Harvard, undertaking a variety of studies in various areas, including sociology, psychology, and history.
Homans was taken into the graduate program at Harvard; Pitirim Sorokin, founder of Harvard's sociology department in 1930, was credited with bringing Homans and Robert Merton into the program.
He was an instructor of sociology until 1941 when he left to serve in the U.S. Navy to support the war effort.
After four years away, he came back to Boston and continued his teaching as an associate professor from 1946 to 1953, and a full professor of sociology after 1953.
He was also a visiting professor at the University of Manchester in 1953, at Cambridge University from 1955 to 1956, and at the University of Kent in 1967.
In its mature (1974) form, Homans' theory rests upon two metatheoretical claims: (1) the basic principles of social science must be true of individuals as members of the human species, not as members of particular groups or cultures; and (2) any other generalizations or facts about human social life will be derivable from these principles (and suitable initial conditions).
Another way to grasp his argument is to interpret it as striving to explain spontaneous social order, a point developed in detail by Fararo (2001).
Homans' approach is an example of methodological individualism in social science, also favored by some more recent influential social theorists, particularly those who have adopted some form of rational choice theory (e.g., James S. Coleman) that enables greater deductive fertility in theorizing—albeit often with a cost in terms of some loss of realism.
A conceptual scheme consists of a classification of variables (or concepts) that need to be taken into account when studying a set of phenomena.
It also must contain a statement that the variables are related to one another—and following Pareto, that relationship is usually seen as one of mutual dependence.
Homans was very interested in Henderson's conceptual scheme as a way of classifying phenomena and applied it to his own study of small groups.
This book's ultimate goal was to move from a study of the social system as it is exemplified in single groups toward a study of the system as it is exemplified in many groups, including groups changing in time.
This book allowed him to make certain generalizations, including the idea that the more frequently people interact with one another, when no one individually initiates interactions more than others, the greater is their liking for one another and their feeling of ease in one another's presence.
Although this wasn't Homans' greatest piece of work, it allowed him to become more familiar with this type of methodology and led him to explain elementary social behavior.
In this work, Homans also proposes that social reality should be described at three levels: social events, customs, and analytical hypotheses that describe the processes by which customs arise and are maintained or changed.
Hypotheses are formulated in terms of relationships among variables such as frequency of interaction, similarity of activities, intensity of sentiment, and conformity to norms.
Using notable sociological and anthropological field studies as the grounding for such general ideas, the book makes a persuasive case for treating groups as social systems that can be analyzed in terms of a verbal analogue of the mathematical method of studying equilibrium and stability of systems.
In his theoretical analyses of these groups, he begins to use ideas that later loomed large in his work, e.g., reinforcement and exchange.
According to Homans, they are psychological for two reasons: first, because they are usually tested on people who call themselves psychologists and second, because of the level at which they deal with the individual in society.
Homans looked to Émile Durkheim's work for guidance as well, but often disagreed in the end with particular components of Durkheim's theories.
For example, Durkheim believed that although individuals are clearly the component parts of society, society is more than the individuals who constitute it.
Although George Homans contributed greatly to the Exchange Theory and his work on it is greatly admired, he was not the first person to study this theory.
However, he focused more on empirical sociology, and he did not contribute to it in the same way as Homans (Knox 1963: 341).
Although Homans may have not have been the first to work on this theory, his contributions make the Exchange Theory what it is today.
Homans had come to the view that theory should be expressed as a deductive system, in this respect falling under the influence of the logical empiricist philosophers of that period.
The laws of individual behavior developed by Skinner in his study of pigeons explain social behavior as long as we take into account the complications of mutual reinforcement.
Social behavior as exchange means that a plurality of individuals, each postulated to behave according to the stated behavioral principles, form a system of interaction.
According to the office rules, each should do his job by himself, or, if he needs help, he should consult the supervisor.
One of the men, whom we shall call Person, is not skillful at the work and would get it done better and faster if he got help from time to time.
In spite of the rules he is reluctant to go to the supervisor, for to confess his incompetence might hurt his chances for promotion.
Other is more experienced at the work than is Person; he can do his work well and quickly and be left with time to spare, and he has reason to suppose that the supervisor will not go out of his way to look for a breach of rules.
Also, the more often a person received useful advice in the past, the more often they will request more advice and be willing to give advice.
The success proposition involves three stages: (1) a person's action, (2) a rewarded result, and (3) a repetition of the original action.
One may look at Homans' example: If in the past, the Person and Other found the giving and getting of advice rewarding, they are likely to engage in similar actions and in similar situations in the future.
Homans was interested in the process of generalization, or the tendency to extend behavior to similar circumstances; but he was also concerned with the process of discrimination.
For example, Person and Other may only give useful advice in the same room as in the past because they think that particular situation brought the most success.
If the rewards each offers to the other are considered valuable, the actors are more likely to perform the desired behaviors than they are if the rewards are not valuable.
Rewards can either be materialistic (money) or altruistic (helping others) He found punishment to be an inefficient means of getting people to change their behavior, because people may react in undesirable ways to punishment.
In the office, Person and Other may reward each other so often for giving and getting advice that the rewards cease to be valuable to them.
If Person does not get the advice they expected and Other does not receive the praise they anticipated, both are likely to be angry.
When Person gets the advice they expect, and Other gets the praise they expect, both are more likely to get or give advice.
They compare the amount of rewards associated with each course of action and calculate the likelihood that they will receive the rewards.
Durkheim said that all development of individualism has the effect of opening moral consciousness to new ideas and rendering it more demanding.
He died of a heart ailment on May 29, 1989, in Cambridge, Massachusetts; at his death, he left behind his wife, Nancy, and three children as well as four grandchildren.
George C. Homans left to the sociological world many works on social theory, and is best known for his Exchange Theory and his works on social behavior.
Also, Homans' election as president of the American Sociological Association in 1964 allowed him to have a greater impact on sociology.
I have deserted the twentieth century for the thirteenth, social pathology for primitive kinship, industrial sociology for the study of small groups.
What never failed to interest me was not sociology as an agent of change or as a means of understanding my immediate environment but sociology as a generalizing science.
But then people jump from this to something that’s going to operate across the board and reform the whole industrial system.
They forget the Homans principle that no society, no governmental system, or no industrial system can work successfully if it depends on extraordinary abilities on the part of the people who run it.
I can’t show how the behavior of different men, behavior of exemplifying the same general propositions, combines over time to produce particular results.
The town was closed due to its naval base and the Zvezda shipyard, but this status was revoked effective January 1, 2015.
Bolshoy Kamen began as a naval support base in 1947 and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1956, followed by town status on August 31, 1989.
This status was revoked in 1989, with plans for a civilian harbor in the town; however, these plans were later cancelled and the town was closed again in 1996.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated as Bolshoy Kamen Town Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
A large proportion of the town's population left during the 1990s, as the ship repair facilities operated almost at a standstill after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The town is connected with Vladivostok by road and by railway and is connected by a goods rail line to the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The Vistula Spit (; ; ) is an aeolian sand spit, or peninsular stretch of land, which separates Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay in the Baltic Sea, with its tip separated from the mainland by the Strait of Baltiysk.
The border between Poland (Pomeranian Voivodeship) and Kaliningrad Oblast, an exclave of Russia, bisects it, politically dividing the spit in half between the two countries.
Until the 13th century, the spit had navigable straits in the middle, which allowed the city of Elbing, part of the monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, direct access to the Baltic Sea.
During World War II, it became the last holdout of the remaining German soldiers in East Prussia, although the Soviets simply bypassed the spit after the East Prussian Offensive was decisively concluded, training their sights on the more important goal of capturing Berlin.
While today the Kursenieki, also known as Kuršininkai are a nearly extinct Baltic ethnic group living along the Curonian Spit, in 1649 Kuršininkai settlement spanned from Memel (Klaipėda) to Danzig (Gdańsk).
The Kuršininkai were considered Latvians until after World War I when Latvia gained independence from the Russian Empire, a consideration based on linguistic arguments.
This was the rationale for Latvian claims over the Curonian Spit, Memel, and other territories of East Prussia which would be later dropped.
In 2019, the Polish government started the building of a ship canal across the peninsula, which will allow permit ships to enter the Vistula Lagoon and the port of Elbląg, bypassing the current transit route through the Russian Strait of Baltiysk.
In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines of code.
It was designed by David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory; it was first presented at the Fast Software Encryption workshop in Leuven in 1994, and first published in the proceedings of that workshop.
It has an extremely simple key schedule, mixing all of the key material in exactly the same way for each cycle.
Most notably, it suffers from equivalent keys—each key is equivalent to three others, which means that the effective key size is only 126 bits.
This weakness led to a method for hacking Microsoft's Xbox game console, where the cipher was used as a hash function.
TEA is also susceptible to a related-key attack which requires 2 chosen plaintexts under a related-key pair, with 2 time complexity.
Sagan was born on 21 June 1935 in Cajarc (Lot) and spent her early childhood in Lot, surrounded by animals, a passion that stayed with her throughout her life.
Nicknamed 'Kiki', she was the youngest child of bourgeois parents – her father a company director, and her mother the daughter of landowners.
She obtained her baccalauréat on the second attempt, at the cours Hattemer, and was admitted to the Sorbonne in the fall of 1952.
The novel concerns the life of a pleasure-driven 17-year-old named Cécile and her relationship with her boyfriend and her adulterous, playboy father.
Sagan's characters, which became something of an icon for disillusioned teenagers, are in some ways similar to those of J. D. Salinger.
On 13 March 1958, she married her first husband, Guy Schoeller, an editor with Hachette, who was 20 years older than Sagan.
On 14 April 1957, while driving her Aston Martin sports car, she was involved in an accident that left her in a coma for some time.
When the police came for an inspection of her house, her dog Banko showed cocaine to them, and also licked the cocaine.
In 2002, she was unable to appear at a trial that convicted her of tax fraud in a case involving the former French President François Mitterrand, and she received a suspended sentence.
Whitfield won 10 consecutive Canadian Triathlon Championships titles and carried the Canadian national flag during the 2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in Sydney, where he had won his gold medal, and the opening ceremony at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, making him one of few Canadian athletes to be honoured twice as Olympic flag bearer.
He got up off the ground after he and 14 other riders crashed in the bike race portion of the event and worked his way back near the leaders.
In the foot race, he cut down the field one at a time then put on a finishing kick to take the victory.
Whitfield was named to the 2008 Summer Olympics team and won a silver medal while competing at his third consecutive games.
Whitfield's accomplishment was made even more impressive considering he was a distant fourth behind the lead three runners heading into the final kilometre of the run before he burst forth into the lead with 200 metres remaining.
Whitfield, exhausted by his effort to get back into the lead, was then passed by the eventual winner Jan Frodeno of Germany at the end of the race.
After finishing 15th in the swim Whitfield was riding out of transition in his aero-bars when he was caught off balance going over a speed bump, falling off of his bike and breaking his collar bone, forcing him to drop out of the race.
Throughout the Olympics Whitfield continued to defend fellow triathlete and Olympic competitor Paula Findlay from the media when she came last in the women's triathlon in the London games.
In folklore, a bullet cast from silver is often one of the few weapons that are effective against a werewolf, witch, vampire, or other monsters.
The term is also a metaphor for a simple, seemingly magical, solution to a difficult problem: for example, penicillin was a silver bullet that cured many bacterial infections.
The masked man decided to use bullets forged from the precious metal as a symbol of justice, law and order, and to remind himself and others that life, has value and the decision to shoot someone is not to be taken lightly.
In the 3rd episode, his friend, who will be making his bullets for him, mentions killing villains with the bullets and the Lone Ranger explains that he will not shoot to kill; he will let the law dispense justice.
In the 1981 feature film, The Lone Ranger used silver bullets in his guns as he was told that silver was far more solid than lead slugs and provided a straighter shot.
Lead has a 10% higher density than silver, so a silver bullet will have a little less mass than a lead bullet of identical dimensions.
Pure silver is less malleable than lead and falls between lead and copper in terms of hardness (1.5 < 2.5 < 3.0 Mohs) and shear modulus (5.6 < 30 < 48 GPa).
The terminal impact is somewhat speculative and will depend on a variety of factors including bullet size and shape, flight distance, and target material.
At short ranges, the silver bullet will most likely give better penetration due to its higher shear modulus, and will not deform as much as a lead bullet.
Results cannot be considered conclusive, however, as the show utilized a 250-grain lead slug in a .45-caliber Colt long shell vs a lighter (190-grain) silver slug fired at closer range.
After making a custom mold to ensure that the sizes of the silver bullets were comparable to the lead bullets, he fired them.
She fell in love with movies at an early age, as her father was also the projectionist at the town's only movie theater until it burned down.
In 1942, when she was ten years old, the Brown family moved to Burbank, California, where Angie attended Bellarmine-Jefferson High School, graduating in 1947, at 15 years of age.
While a student from 1950–52, she worked as a secretary at Lockheed Air Terminal in Burbank (now Bob Hope Airport) and in a parts factory.
Dickinson came in second at a local preliminary for the Miss America contest, and that got the attention of a casting agent, who landed her a spot as one of six long-stemmed showgirls on The Jimmy Durante Show.
The exposure brought her to the attention of a television industry producer, who asked her to consider a career in acting.
Rejecting the Marilyn Monroe/Jayne Mansfield style of platinum blonde sex-symbolism, because she felt it would narrow her acting options, Dickinson initially allowed studios to lighten her naturally brunette hair to only honey-blonde.
Directed by Don Siegel, it was a remake of the 1946 version based on a story by Ernest Hemingway and the only film Reagan made in which he was cast as a villain.
In the film, her character seduces a sexually inexperienced student, portrayed by John David Carson, against the backdrop of a series of murders of female students at the same high school.
In 1973, she co-starred with Roy Thinnes in the supernatural thriller The Norliss Tapes a television movie produced and directed by Dan Curtis that in later years attained a modest cult following.
Although well into her forties at the time, she appeared nude in several scenes, which created interest in the movie and a new generation of male fans for Dickinson.
The photo became so iconic, that while celebrating the magazine's 70th anniversary in 2003, the Dickinson pose was recreated for the cover by Britney Spears.
It ran for four seasons and Dickinson won a Golden Globe Award, and received Emmy Award nominations for three consecutive years.
Co-starring on the series was Earl Holliman as Sergeant Bill Crowley, Anderson's commanding officer, along with Charles Dierkop as investigator Pete Royster and Ed Bernard as investigator Joe Styles.
In 1982, and again in 1986, Dickinson appeared in two of Perry Como's Christmas specials for the ABC television network, in both of which she did something she was not known to have done before: singing.
They remained a married couple for 15 years, though late in their marriage they had a period of separation during which they dated other people.
She and Bacharach eventually placed her at the Wilson Center, a psychiatric residential treatment facility for adolescents in Faribault, Minnesota, where she remained for nine years.
On January 4, 2007, Nikki took her life by suffocation in her apartment in the Ventura County suburb of Thousand Oaks.
She was one of the most beautiful creatures created on this earth, and she is now in the white light, at peace.
The game is like football in some ways – the ball is round, but one size smaller than a standard football, and may not be handled – but the off-side rules – known as 'sneaking' – are more in keeping with rugby.
To score a rouge a player must kick the ball so that it deflects off one of the opposing players, or achieve a charge-down, and then goes beyond the opposition's end of the pitch.
The ball is then 'rougeable' and must be touched – although not necessarily to the ground – by an attacking player to complete the rouge for five points.
It is the only game at Eton that virtually every boy plays, at least for his first three years in the school, and it occupies prime position in the games programme throughout the Lent Half.
Although some sources claim that the rules of the Field Game were written down as early as 1815, this is contradicted by other sources, including the school's own archivist, who state that the first rules date from 1847.
The job of the Shorts is to kick the ball over the Bully, and allow players of their own side to run onto the ball, and hopefully to either score a goal or rouge.
The opposing Shorts are trying to do the same thing, and so a kicking war often develops between the two teams of Shorts.
The Long essentially remains in the goal-mouth, and his job is to kick back any ball which goes over the Shorts, or to defend the goal.
If the ball comes from a defender and goes behind the infinite line created by extending their goal line, it is rougeable.
The ball is also rougeable when a defender kicks it so that it rebounds off an attacker over the goal line, in such a case where, in the opinion of the referee, the attacker makes no deliberate attempt to play the ball over the line.
If an attacker reaches it first their team scores a 'rouge', worth five points and also attempts a conversion (see below).
If a defender reaches it first the attacking team has a choice of 'point or bully': they can choose either to be awarded a single point or to form a bully (like a scrum), close to the opponent's end of the pitch.
If they drive the ball over the end of the pitch they score a 'bully rouge' (5 points) and as before can convert it.
In a conversion the attackers move the ball down tramlines at the end of the pitch from the side towards the goal.
The population density in the mountains is low: there are a few small villages, including Anavra in the northwest, Kokkotoi in the northeast, Palaiokerasia in the south and Neraida in the southwest.
The length from west to east is about 35 km and the width from north to south is about 25 km.
In Greek mythology Mount Othrys was the base of Kronos and the other Titans during the ten-year war with the Olympian Gods known as the Titanomachy.
Cowal () is a peninsula in Argyll and Bute, in the west of Scotland, that extends into the Firth of Clyde.
The Arrochar Alps and Ardgoil peninsula in the north fringe the edges of the sea lochs whilst the forest park spreads out across the hillsides and mountain passes, making Cowal one of the remotest areas in the west of mainland Scotland.
The peninsula is separated from Knapdale by Loch Fyne, and from Inverclyde and North Ayrshire to the east by the Firth of Clyde.
The Isle of Bute lies to the south separated by the narrow Kyles of Bute which connect the Firth of Clyde to Loch Riddon.
Other ferries run from Portavadie in the west to Tarbert in Kintyre, and from Colintraive in the south to Rhubodach on the Isle of Bute.
The Cowal peninsula is bounded by Loch Fyne on the west and Loch Long and the Firth of Clyde on the east.
These split the southern half of Cowal into three narrower peninsulas; on the west, the Kilfinan peninsula, and on the east, the Toward peninsula, which is also isolated from the north of Cowal, by the Holy Loch.
The small central peninsula is divided from the Kilfinan peninsula by Loch riddon, and the interjection of Bute, and its Kyles.
Cowal's underlying geology is made up largely of resistant metamorphic rocks, but south of the Highland Boundary Fault part of the Toward peninsula is composed of sedimentary rocks.
The landscape is mountainous, the high ground dominated by moorland, peat mosses and the forest that often extends down the sides of the sea lochs to the water's edge.
The coast is mostly rocky and the few beaches are mostly shingle and gravel except on Loch Fyne: the longest sandy beach is at Ardentinny on Loch Long.
The only lowland areas are around the coast where most of the settlement is found, particularly around Dunoon Cowal's largest settlement on the Firth of Clyde.
The A83 trunk road crosses the northern end of the peninsular passing Arrochar at the head of Loch Long and Cairndow near the head of Loch Fyne.
The other A roads are the A815 which links the A83 with Dunoon via Strachur where the A886 leaves it and heads south via Glendaruel to Colintraive where the ferry connects it to the Isle of Bute and the A8003 which links Tighnabruaich to the A886.
One example is a Bronze Age cairn from between about 2000 BC and 800 BC is situated close to the summit of Creag Evanachan, 195 metres above sea level overlooking Loch Fyne.
A smaller cist in the centre contained a bowl, burnt bone, charcoal and flint chips, and in the clay below them, the remains of a burial.
Prior to this, little is known, except as revealed archaeologically, though the region may have been part of the Pictish kingdom of Fortriu.
In an unclear manner, the kingdom of Alba was founded elsewhere by groups originating from Argyll, and expanded to include Argyll itself.
Although, following the Treaty of Perth, Suðreyjar's successor state, the Lordship of the Isles, fell under the nominal authority of the Scottish king, it was not until 1475 that it was merged with Scotland (the occasion being the punishment of its ruler for an anti-Scottish conspiracy).
Following local government reforms in the 19th century, the traditional provinces were formally abolished, in favour of counties aligned with sheriffdoms, so Cowal became merely a part of the county of Argyll.
Seemingly, in the 11th century, an unidentified heiress of the Cenel Comgaill married Anrothan, grandson of the king of the Cenél nEógain, from Ulster.
Excavations carried out at Castle MacEwen showed the site had several stages of development before it was the defended medieval homestead of the MacEwens; at first there was a palisaded enclosure, and then a promontory fort with a timber rampart.
The remote areas in the north east of Cowal, which were theoretically under the dominion of Clan Lamont, were used by Scottish kings for hunting; indeed, Cowal was the last part of Britain to have wild boar.
When King John Balliol was threatened by his rival, Robert de Bruys, Balliol's ally, the king of England, established Henry Percy at Carrick Castle, in the region; likewise Dunoon Castle further south.
De Bruys expelled the English from Cowal, with the aid of the Campbells (who were based nearby at Loch Awe), and eventually defeated Balliol.
De Bruy's son gave Carrick Castle to the Campbells, while, after spending some time as a direct Royal possession, Dunoon Castle was handed to them by James III, who made the Campbells its Honorary Keepers.
During the civil war between Royalists and Puritans, the Campbells had sided with the Puritans, so following their defeat at the Battle of Inverlochy, Clan Lamont took the opportunity to push back the borders of Campbell control.
Predictably, in 1646, the Campbells took revenge, and overran Toward Castle; after being offered hospitability, the Campbells slaughtered the Lamont occupants in their beds.
Despite the chief of the Lamonts surrendering, the Campbells hanged many members of Clan Lamont, in what became known as the Dunoon massacre.
By contrast, the next chief of the Campbells, the son of the former chief, was a Royalist, so after the restoration of Royalist rule, the Campbells were not ultimately dispossessed of their gains.
However, after James VII came to the Scottish throne, the Campbells revolted, and the chief was executed, but his son, the new chief, took part in the successful expulsion of James VII, so the Campbells once again ultimately retained their lands.
After the Jacobite rising of 1745 when James Francis Edward Stuart attempted to regain the throne, the lack of roads in the Highlands prevented the British army from advancing to quell areas of unrest.
General Wade was tasked with implementing a programme to build military roads from north-central Scotland through the Highlands to the forts in the Great Glen.
The Loch Lomond and Cowal Way stretches for over 57 miles through Cowal, from Portavadie on the southeastern shore of Loch Fyne leading to Inveruglas on Loch Lomond, in the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park.
Its English name was given by British sailors in the 19th century, who mistook calcite crystals on the adjacent beach for diamonds.
Diamond Head is part of the system of cones, vents, and their associated eruption flows that are collectively known to geologists as the Honolulu Volcanic Series, eruptions from the Koolau Volcano that took place long after the volcano formed and had gone dormant.
The Honolulu Volcanic Series is a series of volcanic eruption events that created many of Oahu's well-known landmarks, including Punchbowl Crater, Hanauma Bay, Koko Head, and Mānana Island in addition to Diamond Head.
Diamond Head, like the rest of the Honolulu Volcanic Series, is much younger than the main mass of the Koolau Mountain Range.
While the Koolau Range is about 2.6 million years old, Diamond Head is estimated to be about 500,000 to 400,000 years old.
Only Battery 407, a National Guard emergency operations center, and Birkhimer Tunnel, the Hawaii State Civil Defense Headquarters (HI-EMA), remain in use in the crater.
Diamond Head is a defining feature of the view known to residents and tourists of Waikīkī, and also a U.S. National Natural Monument.
While part of it is closed to the public and serves as a platform for antennas used by the U.S. government, the crater's proximity to Honolulu's resort hotels and beaches makes the rest of it a popular destination.
Spanning over 475 acres (190 ha) (including the crater's interior and outer slopes), it served as an effective defensive lookout because it provides panoramic views of Waikīkī and the south shore of Oahu.
Diamond Head appears on an 80-cent air mail stamp issued in 1952 to pay for shipping orchids to the mainland of the U.S.
These one day festivals became two day events in 1976 and 1977, but were cancelled by the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources because of community noise and environmental impact concerns.
The band is recognised as one of the leading members of the new wave of British heavy metal movement and is acknowledged by thrash metal bands such as Metallica and Megadeth as an important early influence.
Recorded within six hours on a four-track, their unique sound and quality of writing gained enough attention for the band to tour as support to AC/DC and Iron Maiden.
The band was at the time managed by Reg Fellows and Sean Harris' mother (Linda Harris), who reportedly turned down an offer from the influential Leiber/Krebs Management.
Thus while other new wave of British heavy metal bands were signed to major labels and headlining their own tours, Diamond Head remained independent.
The album was packaged in a plain sleeve with no title or track listings, simply bearing a signature of one of the band members.
The management thought that it should be perceived as a 'demo' album so no fancy sleeve was required, making it very cheap to produce.
The idea for recording this album came from Fellows and Linda Harris as an attempt to record tracks to entice attention from a record company, which would take care of the recording costs.
The original stereo master tapes were lost after they were sent to the German record company, Woolfe Records, who released a vinyl version of the album with a new sleeve.
The tapes were not returned until they were eventually tracked down by Lars Ulrich and Phonogram Germany for inclusion on the 1990 compilation album 'New Wave Of British Heavy Metal '79 Revisited'.
Their new status afforded them a slot on the Reading festival bill in 1982, albeit as late and unadvertised replacements for Manowar.
24 in the UK album charts, but the band's more commercial sound on the album made it a disappointment to critics.
The initial success of the album was stalled as the first 20,000 copies suffered vinyl pressing problems, causing the LP to jump.
The band's reunion was short lived as they were on the verge of splitting up as soon as the record was released.
Although Harris issued a press release on Blabbermouth.net that said that as far as he was concerned he had as much right over the Diamond Head name as anyone else, and that as far he was concerned he was still in the band.
Brian Tatler commented that this was one of the best experiences of his life and regained his enjoyment playing live with the band again.
Diamond Head headlined a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the NWOBHM at the London Astoria, supported by Witchfynde, Bronz, Praying Mantis and Jaguar.
This concert was later released as a live CD entitled It's Electric and also the band's first DVD, To the Devil His Due in 2006.
The band's rhythm guitarist Adrian Mills left the band and was replaced with Andy 'Abbz' Abberley, previously in Cannock band Chase with drummer Karl Wilcox.
Colin Kimberley commented Diamond Head got their complex sound from listening to bands like Black Sabbath and Rush and realising that a song with a single riff throughout was not interesting enough.
Once they did sign to a major label, MCA proved to be the wrong label, forcing the band to sound more commercial.
Also, while bands like Iron Maiden and Def Leppard were managed by established music management, Diamond Head were managed by Reg Fellows and the lead singer's mother.
Diamond Head should have toured the United States in the 1980s when lots of their NWOBHM brethren had already made inroads.
It also did not help that the band did not stick to a style and give it chance to succeed before trying something new, constantly searching for a winning formula.
Then later they had problems with a viable comeback, with problems associated with the National Bowl gig with Metallica and the lack of desire from Sean Harris to carry on performing heavy metal.
along with the other bands in the Big 4 (Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer) at the 2011 Sonisphere festival, and with Diamond Head themselves at the Sonisphere festival in Knebworth on 8 July 2011.
On 5 December 2011 Brian Tatler and Sean Harris joined Metallica onstage at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco to celebrate Metallica's 30th Anniversary.
Diamond Head is a 1963 Eastmancolor drama romance film starring Charlton Heston, Yvette Mimieux, George Chakiris, and James Darren, directed by Guy Green, and released by Columbia Pictures.
He objects when his sister, Sloan Howland, announces she plans to marry Paul Kahana, a native Hawaiian, even though Richard is having a torrid affair with an Asian woman, Mai Chen.
Bitter at her brother for Paul's death, Sloan runs off to Honolulu where she is taken in by Paul's brother, Dean, and his family.
Ever the rabid racist, Richard refuses to accept the child and Sloan takes it upon herself to care for the baby.
After an angry fight with Sloan and Dean, Richard is confronted with a personal dilemma — whether to continue on with his close-minded ways or to welcome his newborn son into his family.
Although the story is based on the novel by Peter Gilman, the screenplay by Marguerite Roberts makes several significant changes in Gilman's story.
Spending his academic career at the University of Tartu (with the exception of a stint at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland), he became Professor of Psychophysics in 1992, and is since 2002 Professor of Experimental Psychology.
Allik's contributions to international psychology lie mainly in two areas: visual perception and eye movement, and the comparative study of collectivism vs. individualism.
Within Estonia and in Estonian, he has also published highly critical work on Sigmund Freud, the history of psychology, the measuring of science productivity, the transition of science, and quality control.
An annual general meeting (AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting of the general membership of an organization.
The business may include electing a board of directors, making important decisions regarding the organization, and informing the members of previous and future activities.
At this meeting, the shareholders and partners may receive copies of the company's accounts, review fiscal information for the past year, and ask any questions regarding the directions the business will take in the future.
At the annual general meeting, the president or chairman of the organization presides over the meeting and may give an overall status of the organization.
At such meeting, the Company Secretary of the Company plays a crucial role in convening, conduct, and to attend the meeting.
Every state requires public companies incorporated within it to hold an annual general meeting of shareholders to elect the Board of Directors and transact other business that requires shareholder approval.
Notice of the annual general meeting must be in writing and is subject to a minimum notice period that varies by state.
In 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission voted to require all public companies to make their annual meeting materials available online.
As per section 96 of the Act, every Company requires to conduct such a meeting by served a notice of 21 days minimum length prior to the meeting either at the latest known address or email id of the members.
However, a company may conduct such meeting through the issue of a notice of shorter length with prior approval of not less than 95 % of the members entitled to vote at such meeting.
The Act also mandates that such meeting shall be within prescribed time 9:00 am to 6:00 pm, to be not held on national holidays, and also to be conducted at the place/ town/ village where the registered office of the company situated.
However, in the recent trends, as per the latest amendment notified by the Corporate Affairs ministry in India, the unlisted public companies may conduct such meeting in any part of India by taking in advance unanimous approval from all the members in writing or electronically.
In Great Britain it became optional with effect from 1 October 2007 for any private company to hold an AGM, unless its articles of association specifically require it to do so.
Unlike the other countries, every Company incorporated in India require to conduct such meeting on or before the due date on the last day of the sixth month of every closing of the financial year.
Private companies can be exempted from holding AGMs if they send their financial statements to their members within five months after the financial year end (FYE).
The resolution putting an end to AGMs may cease to be in force – members can adopt a new resolution to revoke the dispensation.
Qt Extended (named Qtopia before September 30, 2008) is an application platform for embedded Linux-based mobile computing devices such as personal digital assistants, video projectors and mobile phones.
It was developed by Qt Software, a subsidiary of Nokia, and when they cancelled the Qt Extended project, as it was free software, the community created a fork of it, the Qt Extended Improved project, and continued building.
Models included the Sharp Corporation Zaurus line of Linux handhelds, the Sony mylo, the Archos Portable Media Assistant (PMA430) (a multimedia device), the GamePark Holdings GP2X, Greenphone (an open phone initiative), Pocket PC, FIC Openmoko phones: Neo 1973 and FreeRunner.
An unofficial hack allows its use on the Archos wifi series of portable media players (PMP) 604, 605, 705, and also on several Motorola phones such as E2, Z6 and A1200.
On March 3, 2009, Qt Software announced the discontinuation of Qt Extended as a standalone product, with some features integrated on the Qt Framework.
The Openmoko community has forked the final stable release into Qt Extended Improved (later renamed to QtMoko) which, like its predecessor, is an application platform for embedded Linux-based mobile computing devices such as personal digital assistants, video projectors and mobile phones dual licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and proprietary licenses.
The modern village was planned in 1814 to resettle communities that had been removed from the surrounding straths as part of the Highland Clearances.
Helmsdale Castle, the remains of which were demolished in the 1970s in order to build the new A9 road bridge, was the location of the murder of the 11th Earl of Sutherland in 1567.
The history of Kildonan's gold started in 1818, when a single nugget of gold was found near the Suisgill and Kildonan burns.
Late in 1868, a brief announcement in a local newspaper stated that gold had been discovered at Kildonan in the county of Sutherland.
The credit for the discovery goes to Robert Nelson Gilchrist, a native of Kildonan, who had spent 17 years in the goldfields of Australia.
On his return home, the Duke of Sutherland gave him permission to pan the gravels of the Helmsdale River, and he prospected all the burns and tributaries.
During World War II, the Royal Air Force built Loth Chain Home radar station at Crakaig, a few miles south-west of Helmsdale.
On 3 August 2008, the Highlands and Islands Council announced plans to modernise and catalyse industry in Helmsdale and its surrounding areas.
Work on the harbour was set to begin in spring 2009, while the battery plants were expected to open before May 2009.
West Helmsdale lies across the river from the main village above the railway station; Old Helmsdale is immediately to the north while East Helmsdale is a settlement less than a mile to the east.
The village is on the A9 road, at a junction with the A897 to Melvich, and has a railway station on the Far North Line.
Buses operate about every two hours from Monday to Saturday and infrequently on Sundays from Helmsdale to Brora, Golspie, Dornoch, Tain and Inverness in the south and Berriedale, Dunbeath, Halkirk, Thurso and Scrabster in the north.
These are on route X99 and are operated by Stagecoach in the Highlands, but tickets can be bought on the Citylink website.
Following the departure of lead singer Tim Booth in 2001, the band became inactive, but reunited in January 2007 and has gone on to produce a further six albums.
James were formed in 1982 in Whalley Range, Manchester, when Paul Gilbertson persuaded his friend Jim Glennie to buy a bass guitar and form a band with him.
They played a string of gigs under the names Venereal and the Diseases and later, Volume Distortion, before settling on the name of Model Team International, then shortened to Model Team.
Vocalists and other musicians drifted rapidly in and out of their line-up, until the band encountered Tim Booth at a student disco.
Gilbertson invited him to the band's scout hut in Withington to join the band as a dancer; he was soon promoted to lead singer.
He offered James an album deal with Factory, but the band, by now a settled live act, were worried about tarnishing their material in the studio and settled instead for a three-track EP.
It led to the band providing the support for The Smiths between February and April 1985 on the Meat is Murder tour.
Booth and Glennie had joined a sect named Lifewave that imposed many restrictions on their lifestyle and threatened the band's stability.
Reviews were once again positive, and Factory were eager for James to record an album with it, but the band believed Factory were purely image-based and left the label, striking a deal with Sire Records.
The album almost went unreleased, but after undergoing a slight remix to sound more radio-friendly, Sire released the album in September 1988, over a year after it had been initially completed.
During the following year James greatly expanded their lineup and sound palette by hiring three new members — guitarist-violinist-percussionist Saul Davies (who Gott recruited from an amateur blues night), keyboard player Mark Hunter and onetime Diagram Brothers/ Dislocation Dance / The Cotton Singers Pale Fountains trumpeter/percussionist Andy Diagram (the latter a noted avant-garde musician).
A successful winter tour in 1989 attracted a deal with Fontana Records, and the band ended a difficult decade on an optimistic note.
The band's activities culminated in a sell-out show to 30,000 people at the Alton Towers theme park in July, broadcast live on BBC Radio 1, following which Andy Diagram left the group.
In 1993 James were invited on an acoustic tour of the US supporting Neil Young at a series of natural outdoor venues in the autumn.
Two key members of the James organisation resigned — guitarist and key composer Larry Gott (who left the group in order to spend more time with his family) and manager Martine McDonagh (who had had a sometimes fraught romantic relationship with Booth, resulting in a son called Ben).
Former Sharkboy guitarist Adrian Oxaal was drafted in to replace Gott on guitar, while Booth returned periodically from the States to add his vocals.
Booth suffered a neck injury while dancing on stage in the US, resulting in a series of tour dates being cancelled as he underwent emergency surgery, and the band being offered a place instead on the Lollapalooza tour.
The album did not reach the phenomenal sales level predicted, but still entered the UK Album charts at number 2, and sold over 150,000 copies.
They embarked on a small-scale tour in the autumn of that year on which their set lists consisted almost entirely of new material.
Shortly after their last album release, James reached the end of their contract, and Tim Booth announced he was leaving the band to concentrate on other projects of his own.
Past members Larry Gott and Andy Diagram rejoined them for the tour, and Brian Eno also joined them onstage at London's Wembley Arena during the tour.
Booth confirmed in interviews that he became convinced to rejoin the band after meeting up with Glennie and Gott the previous November for a jamming session, out of which new songs were born.
The initial five dates of the tour were expanded to seven on the day tickets went on sale (26 January) due to high demand; the whole tour had sold out by close of business.
The tour took place during late April 2007, and was followed later in the year by more live shows, including festival appearances at T in the Park and V Festival.
A 19-date North American tour began in September to promote the combined album as well as showcase the songs before the UK tour.
At the beginning of 2011, Tim Booth announced that he was working on some new solo material, although James remained active, participating in the Lollapalooza festival in Chile.
The band appeared at The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on 13 and 20 April in Indio, California and Hard Rock Calling 2011 on 24 June in Hyde Park, London, where they were joined by Kaiser Chiefs and headline act The Killers.
Towards the end of 2011, James signalled a departure from their previous touring style, with the announcement of a series of dates in October and November of that year including an orchestra and a choir.
This short, ten date tour saw James performing their back catalogue accompanied by the Orchestra of the Swan and the Manchester Consort Choir.
In July 2014, the band headlined on the Castle Stage for Camp Bestival at Lulworth Castle in Dorset and announced a ten date UK tour starting on 10 November, preceded by an 11 October headlining of the entertainment at the Rugby league Super League grand final at Old Trafford, performing a set before the game and in the half time show.
They toured again in 2015, playing some shows without Larry Gott, who was taking a break from touring: Adrian Oxaal re-joined the band for the duration of the tour, subsequently replacing Gott in the active lineup.
Keyboard technician Ron Yeadon, formerly of Unkle Bob, also appeared on stage, singing backing vocals; he later joined the band as a backing vocalist.
He renamed himself at age 16, after the shirt makers Phillips-Van Heusen, to use as his on-air name during local shows.
He was also a pilot of some accomplishment; He met Joe Hornsby, who worked for the FAA in Los Angeles and son of the famous Dan Hornsby, the father of Nikki Hornsby, at that time because of his music with interest in flying.
In his 20s he began to shave his head when he started losing his hair, a practice ahead of its time.
It was Van Heusen who rushed Sinatra to the hospital after Sinatra, in despair over the breakup of his marriage to Ava Gardner, slashed one of his wrists in a suicide attempt in November 1953.
Van Heusen himself married for the first time in 1969, at age 56, to Bobbe Brock, originally one of the Brox Sisters and widow of the late producer Bill Perlberg.
Van Heusen retired in the late 1970s and died in 1990 in Rancho Mirage, California, from complications following a stroke at the age of 77.
Van Heusen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song 14 times in 12 different years (in both 1945 and 1964 he was nominated for two songs), and won four times: in 1944, 1957, 1959, and 1963.
This standard points to several new characters being created in this block, including rotated pieces and neutral (neither white nor black) pieces.
Mohammad Sharif (born 1933 in Nepal), was the head of the Youth Unit, Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs at the United Nations from 1979–1987 and then became in charge of 3 sections: disability, ageing and youth sections.
During International Youth Year Sharif represented the UN at a number of International Conferences in the capacity as the personal representative of the Secretary General of the UN.
Among the few conferences where he played this role (mentioned in the Secretary General's Report to the UN on IYY in 1985) are the UNESCO's World Youth Congress and the International Youth Year Conference on Law.
A rib vault is an architectural feature used to cover a large interior space in a building, usually the nave of a church or cathedral, in which the surface of the vault is divided into webs by a framework of diagonal arched ribs.
The thin stone ribs of the vault meet in a pointed arch, and carry the thrust of the weight of the roof outward and downwards to pillars on the ground floor, and to heavy flying buttresses outside the walls, rather than to the walls themselves.
The use of rib vaults permitted the construction of much higher and thinner walls, and of stained glass windows of enormous size, which flooded the cathedrals with light.
An early version of the rib vault was used in the 8th century in Islamic Architecture, at the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba in Moorish Spain, though it was decorative, not bearing the weight of the structure.
Their form gradually changed from complex sexpartite vault to the simpler but stronger quadripartite vault, allowing the building of much higher cathedrals.
An early form of rib vault was used in Moorish architecture in the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, begun in the 8th century, to decorate the two smaller domes of the Mosque.
The pendentive dome was adapted from Byzantine architecture; The dome itself was supported not by the ribs but by the pendentives.
The ribbed vaults of the mosque-cathedral of Córdoba served as models for later mosque buildings in the Islamic West of al-Andaluz and the Maghreb.
The architectural form of the ribbed dome was further developed in the Maghreb: The central dome of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen, a masterpiece of the Almoravids built in 1082, has twelve slender ribs, the shell between the ribs is filled with filigree stucco work.
Romanesque churches traditionally covered the nave with a barrel vault, with round arches, or a groin vault, formed when two barrel vaults met at right angles.
The newer churches and cathedrals used a Gothic rib vault, with a network of thin ribs that divided the vault into compartments.
These vaults had an additional feature; they met in a pointed, or broken arch, rather than a rounded arch, which gave them greater strength and spread the thrust both outwards and downwards, like an open ladder.
Since these vaults were essentially supported by the columns and buttresses, not the walls, the walls themselves could be higher and thinner, and could be filled with stained glass.
The combination of the three elements; the broken, or pointed arch, which carried the directed the thrust outwards as well as downwards; the ribs, which carried the thrust downward to the pillars and outward to the buttresses; and the flying buttress which counterbalanced the thrust against the walls, were together the three crucial elements of Gothic architecture..
The earliest of the Gothic rib vaults are generally considered to be in the nave of Durham Cathedral, built between 1093 and 1104.
The Norman-Romanesque Cefalu Cathedral in Sicily, begun in 1131, built after Sicily was conquered by the Normans, featured a similar kind rib vault, as did the Romanesque Lessay Abbey (11th century), in Normandy (destroyed in World War II but rebuilt.
Other variations of ribbed vaults, usually with rounded arches, appeared in Lombardy in Italy, in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, at the end of the 11th century, and in Southwest France at Moissac Abbey (11th-12th century).
In the 12th century, the momentum of the development of the rib vault shifted to France, particularly to Paris and the Ile-de-France.
The sexpartite vault, with six compartments divided by thin ribs and a crossing arch, appeared, almost simultaneously in England and France.
In the early sexpartite vault, like those Sens Cathedral and Notre-Dame Cathedral, the thrust of the weight was transferred via the ribs to alternating columns and pillars.
A new innovation appeared during the High Gothic: the four-part rib vault, which was used in Chartres Cathedral, Amiens Cathedral and Reims Cathedral.
The ribs of this vault distributed the weight more equally to the four supporting pillars below, and established a closer connection between the nave and the lower portions of the church walls, and between the arcades below and the windows above.
This allowed for greater height and thinner walls, and contributed to the strong impression of verticality given by the newer Cathedrals.
The later Amiens Cathedral (built 1220–1266), with the new four-part rib vaults, has a nave that is 138.8 feet (42.30 meters) high.
In the later period of the Gothic style, the rib vaults lost their elegant simplicity, and were loaded with additional ribs, sculptural designs, and sometimes pendants and other purely decorative elements.
It was also used in the ceilings of the large halls of the royal palace on the Île de la Cité in Paris.
The surviving 13th-century vaults can be seen in the Hall of the Guards, the former dining room for the Palace guards and staff, on the lower floor the Conciergerie.
In the last period of Gothic architecture, beginning in about 1350, particularly in England, the rib vaults lost their simple functional appearance and were loaded with decorative elements, to match the rest of the extremely ornate interiors.
The development of the rib vault was the result of the search for greater height and more light in the naves of cathedrals.
In Romanesque cathedrals, the nave was typically covered by a series of groin vaults, which were formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults.
To support the weight of the vaults, the walls had to be particularly thick, and windows were absent or very small.
In the first six-part vaults, the vault was supported by two diagonal crossing ribs, plus an intermediate rib, which together divided the vault into six sections.
The diagonal ribs were in the form of semicircular arches, which raised the center of the vault above the level of the transverse arches and wall ribs, and gave it the appearance of a small dome.
This was tried in some of the earliest Gothic churches, notably the Abbaye-aux-Hommes at Caen, and the Abbey of Lessay, in Normandy.
The problem was ultimately solved by the introduction of the pointed arch for the transverse and dividing ribs of the vault.
The pointed arch had long been known and employed, on account of its much greater strength and of the lessened thrust it exerted on the walls.
When employed for the ribs of a vault, however narrow or wide the span might be, by adopting a pointed arch, its summit could be made to match the height of the diagonal ribs.
The ribs were bundled into columns, each combining four ribs, which descended the walls to the arcades of pillars on the ground floor.
The strength of rib vaults made it possible to have thinner walls, which in turn made it possible to have larger windows on the upper levels, filling the nave with light.
Under this system, which was promptly used at Amiens Cathedral, Reims Cathedral and many others, each traverse section had just one four-part vault.
This innovation, along with the use of the flying buttress, saw Gothic cathedral walls go higher and higher, with larger and larger windows.
One of the earliest examples of the introduction of the intermediate ridge rib is found in the nave of Lincoln Cathedral; This element, called a ridge rib, was not connected to the walls.
In order to mask the junction of the various ribs, their intersections were ornamented with richly carved bosses, and this practice increased on the introduction of another short rib, known as Lierne vaulting.
English Lierne vaulting uses short ribs that cross between the main ones; these were employed chiefly as decorative features, for example in stellar vaults, one of the best examples of which is in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London.
Ribs came more and more numerous and more and more decorative leading to the extraordinarily elaborate and decorative fan vault, first used in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral.
The first step in the construction of a vault was a wooden scaffold up to the level of the top of the supporting columns.
Robert Clinton Smith (born March 30, 1941) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 1st congressional district from 1985 to 1990 and the state of New Hampshire in the United States Senate from 1990 to 2003.
First elected to the House of Representatives as a Republican in 1984, he was re-elected twice before running for the Senate in 1990, winning the open seat and assuming it early when incumbent Gordon J. Humphrey resigned.
He then re-joined the Republican Party after the Chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works became open, which he then assumed.
Smith ran for re-election in 2002 but lost the Republican primary to Congressman John E. Sununu, who won the general election.
After his defeat he moved to Florida and briefly ran for the Senate from there in 2004 and in 2010, but dropped out early on in both cases after faring poorly in polls of the Republican primary.
He subsequently returned to New Hampshire, where he declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the 2014 Senate election, but was subsequently defeated in the Republican primary by former U.S.
He served in the United States Navy Reserve from 1962 to 1965 as an ensign, and was on active duty from 1965 to 1967, including a year in Vietnam.
He also served on his local school board and got into the real estate business as owner and operator of the Yankee Pedlar brokerage.
D'Amours did not seek re-election in 1984, unsuccessfully running for the U.S. Senate instead and Smith was elected in his place, riding Reagan's coattails to beat Democrat Dudley Dudley by 59% to 40%.
Smith was re-elected in 1986 and 1988 by wide margins, first beating Democrat James M. Demers 56% to 44%, then beating Democrat Joseph F. Keefe by 60% to 40%.
Smith did not run for re-election in 1990, instead running for the U.S. Senate seat that was being vacated by retiring Republican Gordon J. Humphrey, who was retiring after pledging not to serve more than two terms.
Humphrey resigned in December after being elected to the New Hampshire Senate and Smith was appointed to replace him for the final two months of his term.
The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, concerning the fate of possible missing or captured Americans in Vietnam, became Smith's major issue in Congress in 1985, partly spurred on by his growing up without knowing how his own father died in World War II.
Smith ran for re-election in 1996 and only narrowly defeated Democratic former U.S. Representative Richard Swett, taking 49% of the vote to Swett's 46%.
In 1994, Smith and fellow Republican senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina introduced an amendment denying federal funding to schools which promoted homosexuality in their curricula.
In October 1997, President Bill Clinton nominated openly gay diplomat James Hormel to be United States Ambassador to Luxembourg, the first time an openly LGBT person had been nominated for an ambassadorship.
In January 1999, at Kingswood Regional High School in Wolfeboro, Smith announced that he was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States (at the time the front-runner was Texas Governor George W. Bush).
In July, after failing to gain any ground in the presidential race and before any primaries or caucuses had taken place, Smith announced he was leaving the Republican Party and would seek the nomination of the Taxpayers' Party.
One month later, Smith left the Taxpayers Party after claiming that ideologues within the party resisted his candidacy due to his Roman Catholicism and announced as an Independent.
In the meantime, Republican Senator John Chafee of Rhode Island had died and thus the chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works had re-opened.
In one case, he used a pair of scissors to stab a plastic doll on the Senate floor to illustrate his anti-abortion stance.
In 2000, Smith attempted to assist the Miami-based family of Elián González after Elián was returned to his father's custody by accompanying them to the entrance of Andrews Air Force Base, where Elián was being held; they were turned away.
Smith ran for re-election to a third term in 2002, but was defeated in the Republican primary by Congressman John E. Sununu, winning 45% of the vote to Sununu's 53%.
The group was re-activated in 2010 during the court-martial of Terry Lakin, a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, who refused to deploy to Afghanistan because of his concerns over President Obama's alleged constitutional eligibility to be president.
Smith ran for the U.S. Senate seat from Florida in 2004 against Mel Martinez, but dropped out after raising little money and receiving less than 1% support in Republican polls.
In January 2008, Smith began writing editorials on the web page of the Constitution Party (formerly called the U.S. Taxpayers' Party), which fueled speculation that Smith intended to seek the party's presidential nomination.
In February 2009, with Martinez having announced that he would retire from the Senate in January 2011, Smith was again considering running for the seat, although it was also reported that he was considering a return to New Hampshire to run for the Senate seat there, especially if his old nemesis John E. Sununu (who was defeated for re-election in 2008) sought the seat.
He dropped out of the race in March 2010, after faring poorly in the polls against Governor Charlie Crist and Marco Rubio.
If Smith had won New Hampshire's 2014 U.S. Senate race, he would have tied Dan Coats' modern mark for the longest gap in U.S. Senate service in the direct election era (12 years).
Smith was one of three co-chairs of the Veterans Coalition supporting Ted Cruz for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential campaign.
Hawaii Kai is a largely residential area located in the City & County of Honolulu, in the East Honolulu CDP on the island of Oahu.
Dredging not only transformed the shallow coastal inlet and wetlands into a marine embayment, but was accompanied by considerable filling and clearing of the pond margins.
In 1961, Kaiser-Aetna entered into a lease agreement with the land owner, the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate, to develop the 521 acre (2.11 km²) fishpond into residential tracts with a marina and channels separated by fingers of land and islands upon which house lots and commercial properties would be laid out and developed (ACOE, 1975).
Nearly all of the low-lying lands surrounding the marina have since been developed, and neighborhoods now extend back into the several valleys and up the separating ridges.
Eastward from Hawaii Kai on the same highway is the Koko Head area, an area now mostly included within Koko Head Park.
It features a shopping center, a public park and basketball facilities, and predominantly single-family, relatively high-priced housing, due to its location in Hawaii Kai.
There have been rumors in the past of other businesses possibly opening up in the rather new and empty looking center, but there has yet to be any additions to the shopping center, except for a recycling point in its parking lot.
Sandy Beach is a popular beach for the local crowd, and, due to its quiet location and powerful waves, is a hot spot for body surfing and rarely overcrowded with tourists.
There is an easy hike up to Makapuu lighthouse, which overlooks the beautiful Makapuu Beach, Sea Life Park and the windward coast.
Despite its death-defying nickname, this hike is rather a mellow stroll, providing walkers and hikers stunning views of Oahu’s windward coast.
Hawaii Kai is located within the Hawaii Department of Education Kaiser Complex and is home to Henry J. Kaiser High, Hahaione Elementary, Kamiloiki Elementary, and Koko Head Elementary Schools.
The three elementary schools feed into Niu Valley Middle School, which in turn feeds into Kaiser High, although Niu Valley Middle is not located in Hawaii Kai.
It is done by posting (usually automatically) random comments, copying material from elsewhere that is not original, or promoting commercial services to blogs, wikis, guestbooks, or other publicly accessible online discussion boards.
Adding links that point to the spammer's web site artificially increases the site's search engine ranking on those where the popularity of the URL contributes to its implied value, an example algorithm would be the PageRank algorithm as used by Google Search.
An increased ranking often results in the spammer's commercial site being listed ahead of other sites for certain searches, increasing the number of potential visitors and paying customers.
This type of spam originally appeared in Internet guestbooks, where spammers repeatedly filled a guestbook with links to their own site and with no relevant comment, to increase search engine rankings.
In 2003, spammers began to take advantage of the open nature of comments in the blogging software like Movable Type by repeatedly placing comments to various blog posts that provided nothing more than a link to the spammer's commercial web site.
Jay Allen created a free plugin, called MT-BlackList, for the Movable Type weblog tool (versions prior to 3.2) that attempted to alleviate this problem.
Many blogging packages now have methods of preventing or reducing the effect of blog spam built in due to its prevalence, although spammers too have developed tools to circumvent them.
Many spammers use special blog spamming tools like trackback submitter to bypass comment spam protection on popular blogging systems like Movable Type, Wordpress, and others.
Particularly popular software products such as Movable Type and MediaWiki have developed or included anti-spam measures, as spammers focus more attention on targeting those platforms due to their prevalence on the Internet.
Whitelists and blacklists that prevent certain IPs from posting, or that prevent people from posting content that matches certain filters, are common defences although most software tends to use a combination of the variety of different techniques documented below.
The goal in every potential solution is to allow legitimate users to continue to comment (and often even add links to their comments, as that is considered by some to be a valuable aspect of any comments section when the links are relevant or related to the article or content) whilst preventing all link spam or irrelevant comments from ever being viewable to the site's owner and visitors.
James Ramon Jones (November 6, 1921 – May 9, 1977) was an American novelist known for his explorations of World War II and its aftermath.
He enlisted in the United States Army in 1939 at the age of 17 and served in the 25th Infantry Division, 27th Infantry Regiment before and during World War II, first in Hawaii at Schofield Barracks on Oahu, then in combat on Guadalcanal at the Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse, where he was wounded in his ankle.
Jones assisted in the 1950 formation of the Hanby Writers' Colony in Marshall, Illinois, by his then-lover Lowney Hanby and her husband Harry Hanby.
Originally conceived as a Utopian commune where budding artists could focus exclusively on their writing projects, the colony dissolved after only a few years, because James Jones relocated to France following his marriage to Gloria Mosolino after a fight with Lowney leaving the colony back in a financially compromised situation in 1957.
They were especially harsh about the frequently misspelled words and punctuation errors; they didn't recognize that such elements were a conscious style choice by Jones to evoke the provinciality of the novel's characters and setting.
PPD is easily oxidized, and for this reason, derivatives of PPD are used as antiozonants in the production of rubber products (e.g., IPPD).
A substituted form of PPD sold under the name CD-4 is also used as a developing agent in the C-41 color photographic film development process, reacting with the silver grains in the film and creating the colored dyes that form the image.
PPD is used extensively as a cross-linking agent in the formation of COFs (covalent organic frameworks), which have a number of applications in dyes and aromatic compounds adsorption.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that in rats and mice chronically exposed to PPD in their diet, it simply depressed body weights, and no other clinical signs of toxicity were observed in several studies.
Exposure routes are through inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, and skin and/or eye contact; symptoms of exposure include throat irritation (pharynx and larynx), bronchial asthma, and sensitization dermatitis.
Sensitization is a lifelong issue, which may lead to active sensitization to products, including but not limited to black clothing, various inks, hair dye, dyed fur, dyed leather, and certain photographic products.
), named for its resemblance to a hairpin/bobby pin, is a bend in a road with a very acute inner angle, making it necessary for an oncoming vehicle to turn about 180° to continue on the road.
Hairpin turns are often built when a route climbs up or down a steep slope, so that it can travel mostly across the slope with only moderate steepness, and are often arrayed in a zigzag pattern.
Highways with repeating hairpin turns allow easier, safer ascents and descents of mountainous terrain than a direct, steep climb and descent, at the price of greater distances of travel and usually lower speed limits, due to the sharpness of the turn.
On occasion, the road may loop completely, using a tunnel or bridge to cross itself at a different elevation (example on Reunion Island: ).
David van Dantzig (September 23, 1900 – July 22, 1959) was a Dutch mathematician, well known for the construction in topology of the dyadic solenoid.
Born to a Jewish family in Amsterdam in 1900, Van Dantzig started to study Chemistry at the University of Amsterdam in 1917, where Gerrit Mannoury lectured.
Originally working on topics in differential geometry and topology, after World War II he focused on probability, emphasizing the applicability to statistical hypothesis testing.
Apocalyptic literature is a genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians.
As a genre, apocalyptic literature details the authors' visions of the end times as revealed by an angel or other heavenly messenger.
The apocalyptic literature of Judaism and Christianity embraces a considerable period, from the centuries following the Babylonian exile down to the close of the Middle Ages.
Apocalyptic elements can be detected in the prophetical books of Joel and Zechariah, while Isaiah chapters 24–27 and 33 present well-developed apocalypses.
The non-fulfillment of prophecies served to popularize the methods of apocalyptic in comparison with the non-fulfillment of the advent of the Messianic kingdom.
Thus, though Jeremiah had promised that after seventy years Israelites should be restored to their own land, and then enjoy the blessings of the Messianic kingdom under the Messianic king, this period passed by and things remained as of old.
Some believe that the Messianic kingdom was not necessarily predicted to occur at the end of the seventy years of the Babylonian exile, but at some unspecified time in the future.
The only thing for certain that was predicted was the return of the Jews to their land, which occurred when Cyrus the Persian conquered Babylon in circa 539 BC.
Haggai and Zechariah explained the delay by the failure of Judah to rebuild the temple, and so hope of the kingdom persisted, until in the first half of the 2nd century the delay is explained in the Books of Daniel and Enoch as due not to man's shortcomings but to the counsels of God.
Regarding the 70 years of exile predicted in Jeremiah 29:10, the Jews were first exiled in 605 BC in the reign of king Jehoiakim and were allowed to return to their land in c. 536 BC when King Cyrus conquered Babylon.
But some people believe that the 70 years of Jeremiah were later interpreted by the angel in Daniel 9 as 70 weeks of years, of which 69½ have already expired, while Enoch 85 interprets the 70 years of Jeremiah as the 70 successive reigns of the 70 angelic patrons of the nations, which are to come to a close in his own generation.
The Book of Enoch, however, was not considered inspired Scripture by the Jews, so that any failed prophecy in it is of no consequence to the Jewish faith.
The fourth and last empire was declared to be Roman by the Apocalypse of Baruch chapters 36–40 and 4 Ezra 10:60–12:35.
Again, these two books were not considered inspired Scripture by the Jews, and thus were not authoritative on matters of prophecy.
In addition, earlier in Daniel chapter 7 and also in chapter 2, the fourth and final world empire is considered to be Rome since Babylon, Medo-Persia (Achaemenid Empire), Greece, and Rome were world empires which all clearly arrived in succession.
Thus, it might be interpreted that Daniel was saying that Rome would be the last world power before the kingdom of God.
Another source of apocalyptic thought was primitive mythological and cosmological traditions, in which the eye of the seer could see the secrets of the future.
Thus the six days of the world's creation, followed by a seventh of rest, were regarded as at once a history of the past and a forecasting of the future.
As the world was made in six days its history would be accomplished in six thousand years, since each day with God was as a thousand years and a thousand years as one day; and as the six days of creation were followed by one of rest, so the six thousand years of the world's history would be followed by a rest of a thousand years.
The object of this literature in general was to square the righteousness of God with the suffering condition of His righteous servants on earth.
Early Old Testament prophecy taught the need of personal and national righteousness, and foretold the ultimate blessedness of the righteous nation on the present earth.
Regarding the individual, it held that God’s service here was its own and adequate reward, and saw no need of postulating another world to set right the evils of this one.
But later, with the growing claims of the individual and the acknowledgment of these in the religious and intellectual life, both problems, and especially the latter, pressed themselves irresistibly on the notice of religious thinkers, and made it impossible for any conception of the divine rule and righteousness to gain acceptance, which did not render adequate satisfaction to the claims of both problems.
To render such satisfaction was the task undertaken by apocalyptic, as well as to vindicate the righteousness of God alike in respect of the individual and of the nation.
Apocalyptic prophets sketched in outline the history of the world and mankind, the origin of evil and its course, and the final consummation of all things.
The righteous as a nation should yet possess the earth, either via an eternal Messianic kingdom on earth, or else in temporary blessedness here and eternal blessedness hereafter.
Though the individual might perish amid the disorders of this world, apocalyptic prophets taught that the righteous person would not fail to attain through resurrection the recompense that was due in the Messianic kingdom or, alternatively, in heaven itself.
Some may distinguish between the messages of the prophets and the messages of proto-apocalyptic and apocalyptic literature by saying that the message of the prophets was primarily a preaching of repentance and righteousness needed for the nation to escape judgment; the message of the apocalyptic writers was of patience and trust for that deliverance and reward were sure to come.
Neither the prophets nor the apocalyptic authors are without conflict between their messages, however, and there are significant similarities between prophecy and apocalyptic writings.
In both cases, a heavenly interpreter is often provided to the receiver so that he may understand the many complexities of what he has seen.
The oracles in Amos, Hosea, First Isaiah, and Jeremiah give a clear sense of how messages of imminent punishment develop into the later proto-apocalyptic literature, and eventually into the thoroughly apocalyptic literature of Daniel 7–12.
The fully apocalyptic visions in Daniel 7–12, as well as those in the New Testament’s Revelation, can trace their roots to the pre-exilic latter biblical prophets; the sixth century BCE prophets Ezekiel, Isaiah 40–55 and 56–66, Haggai 2, and Zechariah 1–8 show a transition phase between prophecy and apocalyptic literature.
Prophecy believes that this world is God's world and that in this world His goodness and truth will yet be vindicated.
The apocalyptic writer despairs of the present and directs his hopes to the future, to a new world standing in essential opposition to the present.
This becomes a dualistic principle, which, though it can largely be accounted for by the interaction of certain inner tendencies and outward sorrowful experience on the part of Judaism, may ultimately be derived from Mazdean influences.
Whereas prophecy had to deal with governments of other nations, apocalyptic writings arose at a time when Israel had been subject for generations to the sway of one or other of the great world-powers.
Hence to harmonize Israel's difficulties with belief in God's righteousness, apocalyptic writing had to encompass such events in the counsels of God, the rise, duration and the downfall of each empire in turn, until, finally the lordship of the world passed into the hands of Israel, or the final judgment arrived.
These events belonged in the main to the past, but the writer represented them as still in the future, arranged under certain artificial categories of time definitely determined from the beginning in the counsels of God and revealed by Him to His servants, the prophets.
The revelations from heavenly messengers, about the end times, came in the form of angels, or from people who have been taken up to heaven and are returned to earth with messages.
The descriptions not only tell of the end times, but also describe both past and present events and their significance, often in heavily coded language.
When speaking of the end times, apocalyptic literature generally included chronologies of events that will occur and frequently places them in the near future, which gives a sense of urgency to the prophet’s broader message.
Though the understanding of the present is bleak, the visions of the future are far more positive, and include divinely delivered victory and a complete reformation of absolutely everything.
Many visions of these end times mirror creation mythologies, invoke the triumph of God over the primordial forces of chaos, and provide clear distinctions between light and dark, good and evil.
The imagery in apocalyptic literature is not realistic or reflective of the physical world as it was, but is rather surreal and fantastic, invoking a sense of wonder at the complete newness of the new order to come.
Of the remaining passages and books, some consider large sections of Daniel attributable to the Maccabean period, with the rest possibly to the same period.
Some consider Isaiah 33 to be written about 163 BCE; Zechariah 12–14 about 160 BCE; Isaiah 24–27 about 128 BCE; and Isaiah 34–35 sometime in the reign of John Hyrcanus.
In the transition from Jewish literature to that of early Christianity, there is a continuation of the tradition of apocalyptic prophecy.
Christianity preserved the Jewish apocalyptic tradition, as Judaism developed into Rabbinism and gave it a Christian character by a systematic process of interpolation.
Wharton wrote the book in her 50s, after she had established herself as a strong author, with publishers clamoring for her work.
She had spent her middle years, including the whole of World War I, in Europe, where the devastation of a new kind of mechanized warfare was felt most deeply.
Though the novel questions the assumptions and morals of 1870s New York society, it never develops into an outright condemnation of the institution.
The novel is noted for Wharton's attention to detail and its accurate portrayal of how the 19th-century East Coast American upper class lived, as well as for the social tragedy of its plot.
Wharton was 58 years old at publication; she had lived in that world and had seen it change dramatically by the end of World War I.
The title is an ironic comment on the polished outward manners of New York society when compared to its inward machinations.
Newland Archer, gentleman lawyer and heir to one of New York City's most illustrious families, is happily anticipating a highly desirable marriage to the sheltered and beautiful May Welland.
Yet he finds reason to doubt his choice of bride after the appearance of Countess Ellen Olenska, May's exotic and beautiful 30-year-old cousin.
Ellen has returned to New York from Europe after scandalously separating herself (per rumor) from a disastrous marriage to a Polish count.
At first, Ellen's arrival and its potential taint on the reputation of his bride-to-be's family disturbs Newland, but he becomes intrigued by the worldly Ellen, who brazenly flouts New York society's fastidious rules.
As Newland's admiration for the countess grows, so do his doubts about marrying May, a perfect product of Old New York society; his match with May no longer seems the ideal fate he had imagined.
Ellen's decision to divorce Count Olenski causes a social crisis for the other members of her family, who are terrified of scandal and disgrace.
To save the Welland family's reputation, a law partner of Newland asks him to dissuade Countess Olenska from going through with the divorce.
She agrees to remain in America, separated but still married to Count Olenski, only if they do not sexually consummate their love.
Newland discovers that Count Olenski wishes Ellen to return to him, but she has refused, although her family wants her to reconcile with her husband and return to Europe.
Then Ellen is recalled to New York City to care for her sick grandmother, who accepts her decision to remain separated and agrees to reinstate her allowance.
Newland makes up his mind to abandon May and follow Ellen to Europe when May announces that she and Newland are throwing a farewell party for Ellen.
She interrupts him to tell him that she learned that morning that she is pregnant; she reveals that she had told Ellen of her pregnancy two weeks earlier, despite not being sure of it at the time.
The implication is that May did so because she suspected the affair and that this is Ellen's reason for returning to Europe.
Hopelessly trapped, Newland decides to remain with May and not to follow Ellen, surrendering his love for the sake of his child.
On arriving outside the apartment building, Newland sends up his son alone to meet Ellen, while he waits outside, watching the balcony of her apartment.
The story's protagonist is a young, popular, and successful lawyer living with his mother and sister in an elegant New York City house.
At the story's start, he is proud and content to dream about a traditional marriage in which he will be the husband-teacher and she the wife-student.
He sees the sexual inequality of New York society and the shallowness of its customs, and struggles to balance social commitment to May with love for Ellen.
Throughout the story's progress, he transgresses the boundaries of acceptable behavior for love of Ellen: first following her to Skuytercliff, then Boston, and finally deciding to follow her to Europe (though he later changes his mind).
When they are in St. Augustine, though, May gives Newland a rare glimpse of the maturity and compassion he had previously ignored.
She offers to release him from their engagement so he can marry the woman he truly loves, thinking he wants to be with Mrs. Rushworth, a married woman with whom he had recently ended a love affair.
Nonetheless, May pretends to be happy before society, maintaining the illusion that she and he have the perfect marriage expected of them.
After May's death, Newland Archer learns she had always known of his continued love for Ellen; as May lay dying, she told their son Dallas that the children could always trust their father, Newland, because he surrendered the thing most meaningful to him out of loyalty to their marriage.
When the story begins, Ellen has fled her unhappy marriage, lived in Venice with her husband's secretary, and has returned to her family in New York City.
She treats her maid, Nastasia, as an equal, offering the servant her own cape before sending her out on an errand.
She attends parties with disreputable people such as Julius Beaufort and Mrs. Lemuel Struthers, and she invites Newland, the fiancé of her cousin May, to visit her.
Ellen suffers as much as Newland from their impossible love, but she is willing to live in emotional limbo so long as they can love each other at a distance.
Ellen's love for Newland drives her important decisions: dropping divorce from Count Olenski, remaining in America, and offering Newland choice of sexual consummation only once, and then disappearing from his life.
When she learns of May's pregnancy, Ellen immediately decides to leave America, refusing Newland's attempt to follow her to Europe, and so allow cousin May to start her family with her husband Newland.
She controls the money—withholding Ellen's living allowance (when the family is angry with Ellen), and having niece Regina Beaufort ask for money when in financial trouble.
Mrs. Mingott is a maverick in the polite world of New York society, at times pushing the boundaries of acceptable behavior, such as receiving guests in her house's ground floor, though society associates that practice with women of questionable morals.
After a few years of marriage, Newland Archer foresees in May the attributes of his mother-in-law — a woman who is stolid, unimaginative, and dull.
One of the most prominent themes that can be seen throughout the text is the idea of wealth and social class.
Being accepted by this high society is the most important thing to the people in this novel and they're willing to do anything to be accepted.
Another theme that is clear in the novel is love, whether it be the love between Newland Archer and May Wellend, or the undeniable love and lust between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska.
The theme of innocence changes throughout the novel, as May states she is pregnant only to ensure that Ellen stays away from Newland.
In the decades since the book's publication, critics have placed more stress on the portrayal of money and class distinctions in the book.
Originally perceived as having done the right thing by talking about her pregnancy in order to save her marriage, May Welland can also be seen as manipulative rather than sympathetically desperate.
Rather than focusing on the lavish lifestyle which Newland Archer has not had to work for, some modern readers identify with his grim outlook.
Given a surface, one may integrate a scalar field (that is, a function of position which returns a scalar as a value) over the surface, or a vector field (that is, a function which returns a vector as value).
Note that because of the presence of the cross product, the above formulas only work for surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space.
This can be seen as integrating a Riemannian volume form on the parameterized surface, where the metric tensor is given by the first fundamental form of the surface.
The surface integral can be defined component-wise according to the definition of the surface integral of a scalar field; the result is a vector.
This applies for example in the expression of the electric field at some fixed point due to an electrically charged surface, or the gravity at some fixed point due to a sheet of material.
Alternatively, if we integrate the normal component of the vector field over the surface, the result is a scalar, usually called the flux passing through the surface.
The cross product on the right-hand side of this expression is a (not necessarily unital) surface normal determined by the parametrisation.
We may also interpret this as a special case of integrating 2-forms, where we identify the vector field with a 1-form, and then integrate its Hodge dual over the surface.
So formula_19 transforms to formula_20, where formula_21 denotes the determinant of the Jacobian of the transition function from formula_16 to formula_23.
Let us note that the surface integral of this 2-form is the same as the surface integral of the vector field which has as components formula_26, formula_27 and formula_28.
Various useful results for surface integrals can be derived using differential geometry and vector calculus, such as the divergence theorem, and its generalization, Stokes' theorem.
For example, if we move the locations of the North Pole and the South Pole on a sphere, the latitude and longitude change for all the points on the sphere.
For integrals of scalar fields, the answer to this question is simple, the value of the surface integral will be the same no matter what parametrization one uses.
It can be proven that given two parametrizations of the same surface, whose surface normals point in the same direction, one obtains the same value for the surface integral with both parametrizations.
If, however, the normals for these parametrizations point in opposite directions, the value of the surface integral obtained using one parametrization is the negative of the one obtained via the other parametrization.
It follows that given a surface, we do not need to stick to any unique parametrization; but, when integrating vector fields, we do need to decide in advance which direction the normal will point to and then choose any parametrization consistent with that direction.
The obvious solution is then to split that surface into several pieces, calculate the surface integral on each piece, and then add them all up.
This is indeed how things work, but when integrating vector fields, one needs to again be careful how to choose the normal-pointing vector for each piece of the surface, so that when the pieces are put back together, the results are consistent.
For the cylinder, this means that if we decide that for the side region the normal will point out of the body, then for the top and bottom circular parts the normal must point out of the body too.
Lastly, there are surfaces which do not admit a surface normal at each point with consistent results (for example, the Möbius strip).
If such a surface is split into pieces, on each piece a parametrization and corresponding surface normal is chosen, and the pieces are put back together, we will find that the normal vectors coming from different pieces cannot be reconciled.
Tolyatti (), also known in Italian as Togliattigrad and English as Togliatti in honor of Palmiro Togliatti, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia.
Internationally, the city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada), which was founded in 1966.
The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tolyatti serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
The city's main claim to fame has been automobiles Lada (Zhiguli) manufactured by AvtoVAZ car plant employing some 110,000 people: in cooperation with Italy's Fiat since 1970, with General Motors since 2001 and with the Renault-Nissan Alliance since 2012.
In 2011 the Togliatti Special Economic Zone was launched in order to develop the region further and diversify the economy of the city.
Several auto-component producers (German Mubea and Japanese Sanoh among them) have since been registered, as well as large industrial manufacturers (Praxair and Edscha).
Tolyatti has its airport as well, but it is used by personal aircraft only (the nearest international airport, Kurumoch, is located 40 km away, towards Samara).
The creation of the Kuybyshev Reservoir in the 1950s destroyed much of the city's history, so almost all the city's cultural points of interest date from the Soviet period, but the city administration has continued to build new monuments and cathedrals.
The city has high-quality sports facilities: gymnasiums, swimming pools, ice arenas, association football and racing stadiums — as a result, many athletes, including Olympic Champion Alexei Nemov, Stanley Cup winners Alexei Kovalev and Ilya Bryzgalov had moved to Tolyatti.
The Lada women's football team has won the Russian championship several times — and the Lada women's handball team, who are the Russian and European Champions, is the core for Russian national women's handball.
As for the traditional national sport of Russia, bandy, there is a team founded in 2013, TOAZ, which however only takes part in a recreational league.
The City Duma has been energetic in creating or designating historical and cultural monuments, ranging from the colossal equestrian Tatishchev Monument to the tumbledown Repin House and a monument to a faithful dog, and many other types.
During the morning rush hour of 31 October 2007, a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in the city, killing at least eight people and injuring about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor’s office, said could be a terrorist attack.
However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in the blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.
The city has witnessed a mafia killing spree: there have been 550 commissioned killings in Tolyatti over 1998-2004, five of those murdered were journalists.
Three chief architects of Tolyatti were victims of violent crimes: Valery Lopatin was shot to death on July 7, 2004, Mikhail Syardin and Aleksander Kiryakov were also injured in violent attacks.
On December 13, 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker of Duma of Samara Oblast, a former head of administration of Tsentralny City District of Tolyatti in 1991-1997 and Tolyatti mayor candidate in 2004, was attacked on a street and left with serious head injuries.
Deputy of the Duma of the city district of Togliatti IV (from 2005 to 2009) and V (from 2008 to 2012) convocations.
Sion (; ; ; ) is a Swiss town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Valais and of the district of Sion.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Salins merged into the municipality of Sion, and on 1 January 2017, Les Agettes did the same.
The alluvial fan of Sionne, the rocky slopes above the river and, to a lesser extent, Valeria and Tourbillon hills have been settled nearly continuously since antiquity.
The individual graves changed at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC in large, dry stone wall communal tombs (such as the Dolmen of Le Petit-Chasseur).
During the Beaker culture period in the second half of the third Millennium, dolmens were built once again, but they were smaller and had no podium.
The Roman settlement stretched mainly from what is now St. Theodul, between the Sionne and to the west side of the hill, Valeria.
Near La Sitterie, Sous-le-Scex and in the upper part of the Avenue du Petit Chasseur, portions of several villae suburbana were found.
The first authentically historical bishop was Saint Theodore or Theodolus (died 391), who was present at the Council of Aquileia in 381.
He founded the Abbey of Saint-Maurice in Agaunum, with a small church in honor of Saint Maurice, martyred there , when he united the local hermits in a common life, thus beginning the Abbey of Saint-Maurice, the oldest north of the Alps.
In 589 the bishop, St. Heliodorus, transferred the see to Sion, leaving the low-lying, flood-prone site of Octodurum, where the Drance joins the Rhône.
Though frequently the early bishops were also abbots of Saint-Maurice, the monastic community was jealously watchful that the bishops should not extend their jurisdiction over the abbey.
Several of the bishops united both offices: Wilcharius (764–780), previously archbishop of Vienne, whence he had been driven by the Moors; Saint Alteus, who received from the pope a bull of exemption in favor of the monastery (780); Aimo II, son of Count Humbert I of Savoy, who entertained Leo IX at Saint-Maurice in 1049.
It was halfway up the hill, where later the church of St. Peter stood, until the 19th century when that church was demolished.
In 999, King Rodolphe III of Burgundy granted the entire County of Valais to the Bishop, and Sion became the capital of this County.
The Prince-Bishop had the rights of high and low justice, the right to his own regalia and to appoint his own vassals.
As a result of the decline of the feudal social order and thanks to privileges and concessions granted by the bishop, the citizens of Sion had a limited independence in the Middle Ages.
An agreement between the bishop, the collegiate church of St. Viztums and William of Turn in 1217 is the first written charter of freedom for the city.
The document was renewed by the bishop in 1339 and was presented to each successive bishop to reconfirm after his election.
In the same year, Emperor Louis the Bavarian raised Sion to a free imperial city and collected the surrounding lands into a barony.
Bishop Witschard Tavel tried to reduce the privileges of the cathedral collegiate chapter and the citizenry with the support of the Count of Savoy.
Sion was attacked and looted in 1384, again during the Raron affair in 1418 and finally in 1475 during the Burgundian Wars.
This was true both for the staff at the court as well as the serfs who tilled the land, and the craftsmen and traders.
As the civic community gradually began to organize, they were no longer willing to automatically grant every new arrival the same rights as citizens.
Those who were unwilling or unable to purchase citizenship, which cost about 60 shillings in 1326, but wished to live in Sion were classed as permanent residents and their descendants held the same status until they could buy their citizenship.
The permanent residents were mainly workers, craftsmen (often originating from the Swiss Confederation and the Germanies) and traders (mostly from Savoy and northern Italy).
In addition to the citizen's deaths, the restrictive attitude of the citizenry toward new members led to citizens becoming a minority in Sion.
In the first population census in 1610 the town had 1,835 inhabitants, of whom 412 were citizens and 1,423 were permanent residents.
On the eve of the revolution the city's population was 19% citizen, 30% permanent resident and 51% tollerati and other marginalized groups.
Starting in the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century, long distance trade began to pick up from northern Italy via the Simplon Pass and through the Valais into the Champagne region.
Many local nobles and farmers were involved in animal husbandry to support the Sust and pastured their animals, during the summer, in pastures on the other side of the Rhône.
Those three guilds were followed by the butchers' guild in 1512, the bakers' guild in 1525, the tailors and drapers' guild in 1527 and in 1602 the guild of shoemakers and tanners.
The Inn of the White Cross opened in 1550 for merchants and wealthy travelers, followed in 1688 by the inn of the Golden Lion, which was built beside the town hall.
The predecessor of the present cathedral, the church of Notre-Dame-du-Glarier in the Palacio district served both as the bishop's church and the parish church in the 12th century.
It was destroyed in the 14th century during one of the wars between the Bishop of Sion and the House of Savoy.
In the second half of the 16th century a large Protestant community grew in Sion under the leadership of renowned burghers, who had learned of the new doctrine while students in Bern, Basel, Zürich, Lausanne or Geneva.
The Counter-Reformation, led by the Capuchin friars of Savoy and the Jesuits destroyed the last hopes of the Protestants to establish a foothold in the cathedral town.
The Capuchins founded a monastery in 1631 and started construction of the monastery church in 1636, and the Jesuits started missionary activity in the 17th century and established a school in 1734.
During the anti-patrician unrest in the Lower Valais at the end of the 18th century, Sion remained a bastion of the aristocracy.
After the French invasion of Switzerland on 5 March 1798, Sion was caught between the revolutionary spirit of a portion of its population (who established a liberty pole in town on 10 March) and conservative elements who wanted to prevent any change in the Valais.
In order to ensure peace in the Valais, the French General Louis Marie Turreau de Garambouville occupied Sion in 1801 and in 1802 Napoleon Bonaparte declared the independent Rhodanic Republic.
Under the French occupation, Joseph du Fay de Lavallaz was appointed by the emperor to be the mayor of the district of Sion.
After Napoleons defeats during the War of the Sixth Coalition the Valais was occupied by Austria at the end of December 1813.
During the following year, the government was split between supporters of the Ancien Régime and the supporters of the independent republic, with each party forming a council.
Between 1815 and 1839, the patrician class gradually took more and more of the rights and duties of the citizenry back on themselves, gaining more and more power.
Which gave the Upper Valais a majority of the Zenden in the council, to the detriment of the French-speaking Lower Valais.
Sion also bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics, which it lost to Salt Lake City, and the 1976 Winter Olympics, which it lost to Denver (the games were reassigned to Innsbruck when Denver residents voted down additional funding).
These standing stones were found accidentally during the construction work of a residential building, in the same area where 30 such stones and the dolmens were found in 1960.
The largest of the stones assumed to be a male figure wearing geometrically decorated clothes with a sun-like motif around his face is about two tonnes.
In the 2004/09 survey a total of or about 17.0% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of over the 1980 amount.
Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by and is now about 4.47% of the total area.
The month with the most days of precipitation is August, with an average of 8.2, but with only of rain or snow.
It has changed at a rate of 10.1% due to migration and at a rate of 2.3% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (22,338 or 82.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (1,523 or 5.6%) and Portuguese is the third (912 or 3.4%).
There were 7,481 or 27.5% who were born in the same canton, while 2,939 or 10.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 6,285 or 23.1% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.5%.
, a total of 10,670 apartments (88.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,072 apartments (8.9%) were seasonally occupied and 345 apartments (2.9%) were empty.
In the 2009 Conseil d'Etat/Staatsrat election a total of 8,663 votes were cast, of which 907 or about 10.5% were invalid.
In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 9,688 votes were cast, of which 835 or about 8.6% were invalid.
The tertiary sector is the main economic sector in Sion, mainly due to the presence of the cantons administration, the Valaisan parliament and the cantons courthouse.
Sion is the third largest wine making region in Switzerland, however, the valuable agricultural land and vineyards are undergoing constant regression due to the process of urbanisation.
The Sion-Region hospital is situated here next to the central institute of Valaisan hospitals and the Suva clinic for physical rehabilitation.
The secular buildings include the Archives de l’Etat du Valais, the Archives and Museum of the Bishop of Sion and the cathedral, the town hall, Majorie Castle, La Majorie on Rue des châteaux 19, Le Vidomnat on Place de la Majorie 15, the Maison Supersaxo, the Médiathèque Valais Sion, the Cantonal Fine Arts and History Museums and the ruins of Tourbillon Castle.
The religious buildings on the list are the Cathédrale Notre-Dame, the Capuchin monastery and library, the church of the Notre-Dame de Valère and the church of St-Théodule.
A characteristic of Sion is its medieval townscape, dominated by the hills Valère () with the Basilique de Valère (12th–13th century), and Tourbillon () with the ruins of the Tourbillon Castle.
The Valère Basilica is the church on top of the southern of the two mottes, at the east end of the old town.
Of the 3,670 who completed tertiary schooling, 54.9% were Swiss men, 32.0% were Swiss women, 7.5% were non-Swiss men and 5.6% were non-Swiss women.
There was a combined total () of 690,513 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 294,320 items were loaned out.
Of the rest of the population, there were 212 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.78% of the population), there were 18 individuals (or about 0.07% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 453 individuals (or about 1.67% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 16 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,360 (or about 5.01% of the population) who were Islamic.
1,371 (or about 5.05% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1,385 individuals (or about 5.10% of the population) did not answer the question.
In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Sion was 72.2 per thousand residents, which is slightly higher than the national average.
In contrast, the rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 0.9 per thousand residents, which is only 18.4% of the rate for the entire country.
The Slackers' notability is credited to their prolific career, tours of North America, Europe, and elsewhere, and signing to notable punk label Hellcat Records.
The members of the Slackers have also been known to perform in other bands and musical projects, including Reggae Workers of the World, David Hillyard & The Rocksteady Seven, Crazy Baldhead Sound System, Da Whole Thing, The Hall Trees, Stubborn All-Stars, and the SKAndalous All Stars.
The album's track with the same name charted at number 116 on the week of November 10, 1997—the song's third week—in CMJ Radio Top 200.
Regnery Publishing is a conservative book publisher based in Washington, D.C. An imprint of Salem Media Group, it is led by president Marji Ross.
Regnery has published books by authors such as former Republican Party chairman Haley Barbour, Ann Coulter, Sarah Palin, former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Newt Gingrich, columnist Michelle Malkin, Robert Spencer, pundit David Horowitz, Vice President Mike Pence and his family and Barbara Olson.
The first, Henry Regnery Company, was founded in Chicago in 1947 and split in 1977, forming Regnery Gateway Inc. and Contemporary Books Inc.
Some of the first pamphlets he published, including a reprint of a speech by University of Chicago president Robert M. Hutchins, criticized the harsh treatment of Germans and Japanese both in popular attitudes and in postwar administration of the former Axis countries.
The first book published by the Henry Regnery Company was by socialist Victor Gollancz, who ran the Left Book Club in Britain.
A man of Jewish heritage, Gollancz was appalled at the bombing of German civilians late in the war and by the treatment of the country afterward.
He also published paperback editions of literary works by authors such as novelist Wyndham Lewis and the poets T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound.
While criticizing McCarthy, the book was sympathetic to him (and in fact was harsher on McCarthy's critics than it was on the senator for making false allegations), and McCarthy attended a reception for the authors.
In the early 1950s, Regnery published two books by Robert Welch, who went on to found the John Birch Society in 1958.
In 1954, Regnery published Welch's biography of John Birch, an American Baptist missionary in China who was killed by Chinese Communists after he became a U.S. intelligence officer in World War II.
He took with him many of the Henry Regnery Company's rights to political, philosophical, psychological, and religious books along with a few select titles from other genres and the trademark for the Gateway Editions series.
Contemporary was purchased by Tribune Company and merged with Compton's Multimedia Publishing Group to form Tribune Education, which was acquired in 2000 by McGraw-Hill.
On July 18, 2018, Simon & Schuster issued a press release announcing an international distribution agreement with Regnery Publishing to begin July of 2018.
According to the terms of the agreement, Regnery retained responsibility for sales and distribution of its titles within the United States while Simon & Schuster began to handle sales and distribution in Canada and export markets around the world.
Aldrich had written about an incident where Ms. Clinton ordered a batch of student artwork hung on the tree without examining it for suitability.
Miniter said that meant that although he received about $4.25 a copy when his books sold in a bookstore or through an online retailer, he only earned about 10 cents a copy when his books sold through the Conservative Book Club or other Eagle-owned channels.
On January 30, 2008, a federal judge dismissed all eight counts of the lawsuit because the authors had signed contracts with Regnery which included mandatory arbitration clause in their contracts.
In December 2011, the American Arbitration Association released its ruling on the arbitration case brought by three of the five authors (Miniter, Corsi and Mowbray) against Regnery.
: The Truth About Bias and the News is a book by columnist Eric Alterman that challenges the widespread conservative belief in a liberal media bias.
Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) was first registered with the Ministry of Sports on 30 June 1975 as a national sports body.
The SLC is thus the apex national body for the administration and development of cricket in Sri Lanka, including management of the Sri Lanka national cricket team.
As everywhere that the British arrived in numbers, cricket soon followed and it is reasonable to assume that the game was first played on the island by 1800.
The Colombo Cricket Club was formed soon afterwards and matches began in November 1833 when it played against the 97th Regiment.
The inaugural Test was played at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium in Colombo in February 1982 against England but Sri Lanka lost by 8 wickets.
Sri Lanka Cricket oversees the progress and handling of the major domestic competitions in the country: the first-class Premier Trophy, the List A Premier Limited Overs Tournament and the SLC Super Provincial Twenty20.
They also organize and host the Inter-Provincial Cricket Tournament, a competition focusing on provincial-level teams with pooled talent rather than on individual cricket clubs.
Although it is not listed as a restricted use chemical in the United States, it is allowed to be sold for daily use, provided the product sold has a low concentration of bifenthrin.
Products containing bifenthrin include Transport, Talstar, Maxxthor, Capture, Brigade, Bifenthrine, Ortho Home Defense Max, Bifen XTS, Bifen IT, Bifen L/P, Torant, Zipak, Scotts LawnPro Step 3, Wisdom TC Flowable, FMC 54800, Allectus, Ortho Max Pro and OMS3024 and mega wash from green planet.
Its residual half-life in soil is between 7 days and 8 months, depending on the soil type, with a low mobility in most soil types.
1S-cis-Bifenthrin is 3-4 times more toxic to humans than 1R-cis-bifenthrin, while the latter is more than 300 times more effective as a pesticide.
The neurotoxicity of bifenthrin is based on the affinity to the voltage-gated sodium channels (both in insects, as well as in mammals).
The mechanism in mammals and invertebrates is not different, but the effect on mammals is much less due to higher body temperature, higher body volume, and lower affinity of bifenthrin to sodium channels.
Numerous studies have been conducted on the half life of bifenthrin in soil, water, and air under different conditions, such as aerobic or anaerobic, and at different temperatures and pH.
It is more likely to remain in the soil and not so much in water (it is hydrophobic), nor in the air (it is unlikely to volatize because of its physical properties).
Pyrethroids are much less toxic in mammals than they are in insects and fish, because mammals have the ability to rapidly break the ester bond in bifenthrin and break the substance into its inactive acid and alcohol components: In humans and rats, bifenthrin is degraded by the cytochrome p450-family.
It is also effective against aphids, worms, other ants, gnats, moths, beetles, earwigs, grasshoppers, mites, midges, spiders, ticks, yellow jackets, maggots, thrips, caterpillars, flies, fleas, and termites.
It was introduced as an alternative to permethrin-based agents, due to greater efficacy against keratinophagous insects, better wash-fastness, and lower aquatic toxicity.
Though it does not have a large toxicological risk towards mammals or birds, bifenthrin is able to accumulate in food, so it might be dangerous to mammals or birds in some scenarios.
Bifenthrin is hardly soluble in water, so nearly all bifenthrin will stay in the sediment, but it is very harmful for the aquatic life.
If the fish is no longer capable of taking up oxygen because ATP can no longer be used, the fish will die.
At sublethal concentrations, bifenthrin reduces the fecundity of bees, decreases the rate at which bee larvae develop into adults, and increases their immature periods.
Bifenthrin and other synthetic pyrethroids are being used in agriculture in increasing amounts because of the high efficiency of these substances in killing insects, the low toxicity for mammals, and good biodegradability.
However, because of its success, they are being used more often (also indoors) and high exposure of bifenthrin to humans can occur.
This rating is based on an increased rate of urinary bladder tumors in mice, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the liver in male mice, and bronchoalveolar adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung in some female mice.
Commercially available bifenthrin (Ortho Home Defense Max, for example), however, can induce toxic effects in those concentrations, because the added chemicals which improve the sustainability either potentiate bifenthrin or are toxic on their own.
The EPA has classified bifenthrin as a class C carcinogen, a possible human carcinogen based on a test with mice, which showed increased development of certain tumors.
The reference dose resembles the estimated quantity of a chemical which a person could be exposed to every day (or a one-time exposure for the acute RfD) without any appreciable risk of adverse health effects.
The hall gave its name to the five estate villages, known as The Raynhams, and is reported to be haunted, providing the scene for possibly the most famous ghost photo of all time, the famous Brown Lady descending the staircase.
Except for its hipped roof and Dutch gables, Raynham could easily be mistaken for a house built nearly a century later.
Later extensions and interiors were designed for the 2nd Viscount Townshend by William Kent, who brought details of its frontispiece on the North Front more closely in line with the manner of Inigo Jones, whose style formed the pattern for Palladianism in Britain.
The impressive and beautiful ceiling of the Marble Hall (completed 1730) with its motif of Lord Townshend's coat-of-arms was sometimes attributed in the 19th century to Inigo Jones himself.
Note that the leader of the Opposition is not always the leader of the political party with the second-largest number of seats, in cases where the leader of that party does not have a seat.
Each map is on a right-hand page in landscape format and depicts physical features in black and contour lines in red.
Routes taken by characters on roads and paths are shown in dashed black and red; routes off-road are in red only.
Scales along the top and left of each map show the distance east/west (mainly east) and north/south (mainly south) from Bag End.
At the bottom of each map is a scale showing miles to the inch and an indication of the lunar phase or phases visible at the dates given.
Each numbered map is accompanied by a description on the facing left-hand page, in which Strachey describes the portion of the route indicated, often justifying her topographical decisions with quotes from the book.
In some cases she points out discrepancies in the topographical descriptions, occasionally for instance altering the course of a road or a river on the grounds that it would otherwise be inconsistent with Tolkien's other descriptions of the terrain.
Palmiro Togliatti (; 26 March 1893 – 21 August 1964) was an Italian politician and leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death.
In 1930 he became a citizen of the Soviet Union and later he had a city in the country named after him: Tolyatti.
After the dissolution of the Comintern in 1943 and the formation of the Cominform in 1947, he refused the post of Secretary General, offered to him directly by Stalin in 1951, preferring to remain at the head of the PCI.
From 1944 to 1945 Togliatti held the post of Deputy Prime Minister and from 1945 to 1946 he was appointed Minister of Justice in the governments that ruled Italy after the fall of Fascism.
His father Antonio died on 21 January 1911 of cancer and the family ended up in poverty; but thanks to a scholarship, Togliatti was able to graduate from the University of Turin in law in 1917.
He believed that existing factory councils of workers could be strengthened so that they could become the basis of a communist coup.
Initially, the newspaper, which was founded with union backing, focused on cultural politics, but in June 1919, the month following its founding, Gramsci and Togliatti pushed Tasca out and re-focused as a revolutionary voice.
The newspaper reached a circulation of 6,000 by the end of the year and its reputation was heightened by its support of the April 1920 general strike, which the Socialist Party and the affiliated General Confederation of Labour did not support.
Togliatti was a member of the Communist Faction of the PSI, which was part of the Communist International, commonly known as the Comintern.
On 21 January 1921, following a split in the Socialist Party on their 17th Congress in Livorno, he was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Italy.
This allowed the intense activity of the Communist International to deprive the party's left wing of authority and give control to the minority centre which had aligned with Moscow.
In October 1922, Benito Mussolini, leader of the National Fascist Party, took advantage of a general strike by workers and announced his demands to the government to give the Fascist Party political power or face a coup.
With no immediate response, a small number of Fascists began a long trek across Italy to Rome which was called the March on Rome, claiming to Italians that Fascists were intending to restore law and order.
Mussolini himself did not participate until the very end of the march, with Gabriele d'Annunzio at being hailed as leader of the march until it was learned he had been pushed out of a window and severely wounded in a failed assassination attempt, depriving him of the possibility of leading an actual coup d'état orchestrated by an organization founded by himself.
Although the Italian Army was far better armed than the Fascist paramilitaries, the Italian government under King Victor Emmanuel III faced a political crisis.
The King was forced to choose which of the two rival movements in Italy would form the government: Mussolini's Fascists, or the anti-monarchist Italian Socialist Party.
In August 1923 Mussolini pushed through Parliament a new electoral law, the Acerbo Law, which assigned two-thirds of the seats to the list that had exceeded 25% of the votes.
In the 1924 general election the National List of Mussolini (an alliance with Liberals and Conservatives) used intimidation tactics, resulting in a landslide victory and a subsequent two-thirds majority; while the Communist Party gained only 3.74% of votes and 19 seats.
In 1926, when the party was banned by the Italian Fascist government in 1926, Amedeo Bordiga and Gramsci were arrested and imprisoned on the island of Ustica.
Togliatti was one of few leaders not to be arrested, as he was attending a meeting of the Comintern in Moscow.
In exile during the late 1920s and the 1930s, he organized clandestine meetings of the PCd'I at Lyon (1926) and Cologne (1931).
In 1939, he was arrested in France: released, he moved to the Soviet Union and, remained there during World War II, broadcasting radio messages to Italy, in which he called for resistance to Nazi Germany and the Italian Social Republic.
This was a compromise between antifascist parties, the monarchy and prime minister Pietro Badoglio to set up a government of national unity and to postpone institutional questions.
In effect, the turn moved the party to the right, in contrast with many demands from within; it also meant the disarmament of those members of the Italian resistance movement that had been organized by the PCI (the Garibaldi Brigades).
After having been minister without portfolio in the Pietro Badoglio government, he acted as vice-premier under Alcide De Gasperi in 1945.
In opposition to the dominant line in his own party, he voted for the inclusion of the Lateran Pacts in the Italian Constitution.
At the 1946 general election, held at the same time as the Constitutional Referendum won by republican supporters, the PCI obtained 19% of the votes and 104 seats in the new Constituent Assembly.
The same month, Maurice Thorez, head of the French Communist Party (PCF), was forced to quit Paul Ramadier's government along with the four other communist ministers.
He lost to the Christian Democrat party (DC – Democrazia Cristiana) after a highly confrontational campaign in which the United States, viewing him as a Cold War enemy, played a large part.
On 14 July 1948, Togliatti was shot three times, being severely wounded by Antonio Pallante, a strongly anti-communist fascist student; his life hung in the balance for days and news about his condition was uncertain, causing an acute political crisis in Italy (which included a general strike called by the Italian General Confederation of Labour).
Although permanently in the opposition at the national level during Togliatti's lifetime, the party ran many municipalities and held great power at the local and regional level in certain areas.
Ultimately, the law was to prove of no use for the government in the elections of that year, where Togliatti's PCI won 22.6% of the vote.
Despite his close relationship with the Soviet Union, Togliatti's leadership remained unscathed after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution (which was in most countries a cause for major conflicts within the left).
Togliatti died as a result of cerebral haemorrhage while vacationing with his companion Nilde Iotti in Yalta, then in the Soviet Union.
According to some of his collaborators, Togliatti was traveling to the Soviet Union in order to give his support to Leonid Brezhnev's election as Nikita Khrushchev's successor at the head of Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
His favourite pupil, Enrico Berlinguer, was later elected as his successor to the National Secretary of the PCI position, though Berlinguer's time in office saw the rejection of key policies advocated by Togliatti.
Agarossi and Zaslavsky (2011) argue that Togliatti and the other leaders of the PCI were fundamentally subservient to Stalin, and did their best to promote Soviet interests.
They argue Togliatti was above all a Stalinist, and that he remained one for years after Stalin died in 1953 and the Soviet Union had repudiated much of his legacy.
They argue that it was Stalin who ordered Togliatti to play a moderating role in Italian politics because the time was not yet ripe for a showdown with capitalism.
Agarossi and Zaslavsky rely not only on Togliatti's papers but those of the Kremlin, especially the highly detailed reports sent in by the Soviet ambassador in Rome.
Stalin forced the PCI to reject and work against the Marshall Plan, despite the loss of much support from Italian voters who wanted the American aid.
Ailsa Craig (; ) is an island of in the outer Firth of Clyde, west of mainland Scotland, upon which blue hone granite has long been quarried to make curling stones.
A number of features and places on the island have acquired names, Gaelic in most cases, such as Craigna'an (cliff of birds); Trammins (place of Elder trees); Balvar (big round cliff); Garryloo (rough hill) and Ashydoo (black hill).
Some names seem self-explanatory and indeed even the 'Swine Cave' may refer to a time when the Earl of Cassilis received part of his rent in hogs from the island.
It stands out because all younger sedimentary rocks covering Southwest Scotland have long since been eroded away (it intrudes Triassic sedimentary rocks now).
Dykes of similar age can be found in Scotland through other older rocks such as the extensive Cleveland and Eskdalemuir dykes.
Though only a few metres across, these volcanic dykes can be traced all the way from northern England back to an ancient supervolcano on the Isle of Mull.
Research has shown that the granite on Ailsa Craig has an unusual crystalline composition that has a distinctive appearance but a uniform hardness.
In May 2011 it was announced that the island was for sale; originally given an asking price of £2,500,000, as of March 2013, the current asking price was for offers over £1,500,000.
Reports in December 2013 claimed an unnamed environmental trust had placed a formal bid, while in April 2014 the National Trust for Scotland was reported to be considering a bid.
The chief well on the island lies above 'the Loups' and this was used by the Northern Lighthouse Board who built a cistern there and piped the water to the lighthouse complex.
The 'Horse Well' was located behind the gasworks; the 'Castle Well' stands above Ailsa Castle and then finally the Garry Loch sits higher up and once supplied water to the tenant's cottage.
Four cottages, a shed and a small area of adjacent land are in the ownership of the Scottish Indian business tycoon Bobby Sandhu, purchased for £85,000 from the Northern Lighthouse Board.
The only surviving buildings on the island are the lighthouse on its east coast facing the Scottish mainland, a ruined towerhouse, that was built by Clan Hamilton to protect the area from Philip II of Spain in the 16th century and the old quarry manager's house that is used by the RSPB.
Mrs Margaret Girvan ran a tearoom in a wooden building that stood next to the tacksman's cottage, famed for its pristine white table cloths and fresh scones.
Fishermen seem to have used the island for centuries, first being noted in 1549 and it is recorded that they even at one time slept beneath sails stretched over hollows on the beach.
However, the main developer died, and the project was abandoned, with the area used instead as a walled kitchen garden until the gasworks was built.
In 1831, The 12th Earl of Cassilis became first Marquess of Ailsa, taking the title from the Craig, which was his property.
An annual hunt of the solan geese or gannets took place in the days of Robert Burns as the flesh was considered a delicacy.
The high ruins of a 3-storey castle that stands on the eastern side of the island was built in the late 1500s by the Hamilton Family to protect the island from King Philip II of Spain.
The castle has two vaulted storeys and an oven is located in a cellar with evidence of a spiral stairway that once ran to the top of the tower.
Three cinquefoils arranged in a 'V' shape are carved on the tower and indicate that the Hamiltons were linked with the structure.
In about 1587 the prominent Catholic, Lord Maxwell, landed on Ailsa while attempting to escape his pursuers and finding a fishing boat he attempted to reach Crossraguel Abbey but was captured.
In 1597 another Catholic supporter, Hugh Barclay of Ladyland, took possession of Ailsa Craig which he was intent on using as a place of safety for Catholics to practise their faith, for provisioning and stopping off point for a Spanish invasion which would re-establish the Catholic faith in Scotland and a storehouse for provisioning the Catholic Earl of Tyrone in Ireland.
Another version states that Andrew Knox lay in wait for Hugh with nineteen others and ambushed him at the shingle beach with the result that he attempted to defend himself until he was forced back into the sea and drowned.
Beneath the Main Craig at the southern end of the island and 40 ft (12m) above sea level is a cave named after the supposed smuggler MacNall.
Roderick Lawson (1831–1907) thought that one of the interments might be MacNall himself, but no details of this individual have yet come to light.
The island had two chapels and Thomas Pennant who visited Ailsa Craig in 1772 recorded that the ruins of a small chapel were located near the landing place and that another chapel (which he did not visit) was located on the summit of the island and was probably used by seamen to pray for safe voyages and returns.
When the lighthouse was being constructed four stone coffins were found that may well have been associated with the first mentioned chapel, two at the tenant's house and two at the gasholder site.
The lighthouse was automated in 1990 and converted to solar electric power in 2001; the island has been uninhabited since automation in 1990.
Two substantial foghorns with concrete housings were built in 1866, one at the north end of the island near the Swine Cave reached by 'the Loups' path and the other at East Trammins on the south end.
Both were powered by compressed air that was piped from the lighthouse, where a gas-powered compressor was housed until 1911 when oil-powered engines were installed.
Both foghorns were decommissioned in 1966 and a Tyfon fog signal was used until 1987 when improvements in ship navigation made it also redundant.
The gasworks are still a prominent feature on the island and the cable-powered tramway was partly built to haul wagons full of coal up to it from the North Port.
Two gasholders held the coal gas that powered both the compressed air pump and the lighthouse light, however in 1911 the light was converted to incandescent lighting which was powered by electricity.
Ailsa Craig had two quite separate rail transport systems, one dated from 1886 and supplied coal, oil fuel and provisions to the lighthouse and gas works via the North Port and later the New Jetty and the other transported road stone from the quarries at Kennedy's Nags via the stone crusher to the Quarry Pier.
The Northern Lighthouse Board's tramway had a section worked via a powered cable way that hauled wagons up from the North Port and later from the New jetty.
This well-built tram line is largely intact and has a gauge of 3 feet with junction/points at the gas works and a further set of points that led to a siding that ran down parallel to the gable end of the gas works to presumably collect the coal ash for disposal.
The main line runs on down to the lighthouse and its ancillary buildings, taking a right-angled bend to run parallel to the southern end of the lighthouse buildings block.
This section of the line was worked by hand and at least two wagons remain at the site together with a set of spare wheels at the gas works.
The mineral line was built by the Ailsa Craig Granite Company Ltd. in 1909 and ran from the quarry at Kennedy's Nags via the stone crusher near the south foghorn to the Quarry Pier.
This crudely constructed narrow gauge line was mainly horse drawn, although wagons were also moved by hand or hauled up inclines by winding engines.
The mineral railway at the quarry end had a least one siding and a mobile steam crane loaded the larger granite blocks into the wagons that were transported to the stone crusher at the Trammins near the south foghorn, smaller stones being loaded and even moved by hand.
Curb stones and stone railway sleepers for sections of the Scotch gauge horse-drawn railway from Ardrossan to Doura were also produced.
Photographs taken in the late 19th century show the horse-drawn wagons passing in front of the lighthouse and portray the substantial railway incline and storage area.
At times the production outstripped the storage capacity and a photograph shows at least three piles of different grades of road stone stockpiled in front of the lighthouse enclosure.
The track at the crusher had a siding that ran to the crusher and a set of points that led to the Quarry Pier main line.
The course of the mineral line is still evident near the quarries as a linear embankment that ends below Kennedy's Nag.
Various artefacts of the quarry enterprise remain, including concrete blocks at Kennedy's Nag and steel and concrete remnants of the stone crusher near the south foghorn.
, 60–70% of all curling stones in use were made from granite from the island and it is one of only two sources for all stones in the sport, the other being the Trefor Granite Quarry in Wales.
Kays of Scotland has been making curling stones since 1851 and has the exclusive rights to the Ailsa Craig granite, granted by the Marquess of Ailsa.
Sea eagles or erne nested at the Bare Stack until 1881 when the tenant shot the last specimen, which is preserved at Culzean Castle.
The billy goats were shot for sport in the 19th century and no longer survive; only a mounted head of one remains at the McKechnie Institute in Girvan.
The rabbits and goats may have been originally introduced to supply food for the fishermen and were mentioned by Pennant in 1772 and by the Rev Abercummie in 1688, who called them by the old name of coneys.
Rats were probably introduced via shipwrecks; supposedly, a coal boat that sank offshore was the first culprit and caused great harm to the nesting bird populations, with the puffins proving vulnerable to the extent of extinction as breeding birds.
After a long campaign using pioneering techniques, the rats were eradicated in 1991, and now puffins are once again raising young on the island with many other benefits occurring to both the fauna and the flora.
In a small glen above Ailsa Castle, a small freshwater body known as the Garry Loch is located at an altitude of , with a depth of at least 17 feet.
Lawson in the 1890s records that a young lady once fell over the cliff near Craig Na'an; however, her Victorian style garments caught the wind like a parachute and she escaped with her life and some broken bones that soon knit back together.
A visitor in a group from Stranraer was not so lucky and fell to his death on his way down from the summit.
A shocking death was that of a lad from Girvan who was sitting amongst loose rocks, pulling out stones and throwing them into the sea when a very large boulder started to move and crushed him.
The stone was too heavy to shift and help from the mainland was required to extract the body of the unfortunate victim.
M-26 is a state trunkline highway in the U.S. state of Michigan, running from east of Rockland to its junction with US Highway 41 (US 41) in Copper Harbor.
The northernmost segment, which closely parallels the shore of Lake Superior on the west side of the Keweenaw Peninsula, is highly scenic.
Other changes on the northern end of M-26 incorporated highways that were previously numbered M-111 and M-206 in the Eagle Harbor and Eagle River area.
From there north, M-26 runs generally downhill on approaching the western business district of Houghton and the Portage Lake Lift Bridge from the west.
The Portage Lake Lift Bridge connects the cities of Hancock and Houghton, Michigan by crossing over the Portage Waterway, an arm of Portage Lake which cuts across the Keweenaw Peninsula with a canal linking the final several miles to Lake Superior to the northwest.
As its name states, the bridge is a lift bridge with the middle section capable of being lifted from its low point of four feet clearance over the water to a clearance of thirty two feet to allow boats to pass underneath.
The lower deck of the bridge was originally open to rail traffic, but this level is now closed to trains and is used in the winter for snowmobile traffic.
US 41/M-26 connects with the northern end of M-203 on the north side of town before heading out to Keweenaw County.
In the town of Phoenix, M-26 separates from US 41 one last time, turning west for a stretch along the northern shoreline of the Keweenaw Peninsula.
The terminus is just past the second intersection with Brockway Mountain Drive near the marina and the location of the Isle Royale Queen ferry to Isle Royale National Park.
Before it was a state highway, many parts of the original route of M-26 were used as a military road, connecting Fort Wilkins at Copper Harbor with Fort Howard at Green Bay, Wisconsin.
From 1919 until 1934, M-26 was routed southward to the Wisconsin state line to a connection with STH-26 along what is now US 45.
The original northern terminus of M-26 was in Laurium at M-15 (now US 41); it was extended by 1927 along US 41 to Mohawk and then replacing M-83 to Gay.
The segment between Phoenix and Eagle River along Copper Falls Mine Road was turned over to Keweenaw County at this time.
Park Avenue had formerly served as the main route from Houghton to Atlantic Mine, but this was replaced by the new route of the highway.
The Lake Shore Drive Bridge, which had carried M-26 over the Eagle River, was relegated to pedestrian use in 1990 after the adjacent Eagle River Timber Bridge opened for traffic.
In 2006, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) opened a bypass around the southwest and southern edge of South Range in order to provide a safer route through the town.
As of 4 October 2006, MDOT has transferred jurisdiction of the necessary pieces of roadway to complete the M-26 bypass of South Range.
After 1938, the M-111 designation was given to an old M-6 routing in the Keweenaw Peninsula that ran between Eagle River and Phoenix along what is, now, modern-day M-26 parallel to Eagle River.
M-206 was a state highway that served as a spur route from M-26 into Eagle Harbor and the Eagle Harbor Lighthouse in Keweenaw County in 1935.
At the core of the modern-day group is the old Bank of Ireland, the ancient institution established by Royal Charter in 1783.
Bank of Ireland is the oldest bank in continuous operation (apart from 4 closures due to bank strikes, 1950, 1966, 1970, 1976) in Ireland.
However, as well as being a commercial bank – a deposit-taker and a credit institution – it performed many central bank functions, much like the earlier-established Bank of Scotland and Bank of England.
The Bank of Ireland operated the Exchequer Account and during the nineteenth century acted as something of a banker of last resort.
Even the titles of the chairman of the board of directors (the Governor) and the title of the board itself (the Court of Directors) suggest a central bank status.
From the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922 until 31 December 1971, the Bank of Ireland was the banker of the Irish Government.
This building was originally designed by Sir Edward Lovett Pearce in 1729 to host the Irish Parliament, and it was the world's first purpose-built bicameral parliament building.
The bank had planned to commission a building designed by Sir John Soane to be constructed on the site bounded by Westmoreland Street, Fleet Street, College Street and D'Olier Street (now occupied by the Westin Hotel).
However, the project was cancelled following the Act of Union in 1800, when the newly defunct Parliament House was bought by the Bank of Ireland in 1803.
In 2011, the Irish Government set out proposals to acquire the building as a venue for the state to use as a cultural venue.
These include checking and deposit services, overdrafts, term loans, mortgages, international asset financing, leasing, instalment credit, debt financing, foreign exchange facilities, interest and exchange rate hedging instruments, executor and trustee services.
Operations in the rest of the world are primarily undertaken by Bank of Ireland Corporate Banking who provide services in France, Germany, Australia and the United States.
While the Bank has its headquarters in Dublin, it also has operations in Northern Ireland, where it retains the legal right (dating from before the partition of Ireland) to print its own banknotes.
These are pound sterling notes and equal in value to Bank of England notes, and should not be confused with banknotes of the former Irish pound.
The obverse side of Bank of Ireland banknotes features the Bank of Ireland logo, below which is a line of heraldic shields each representing one of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
The current series of £5, £10 and £20 notes, issued in April 2008, all feature an illustration of the Old Bushmills Distillery on the reverse side.
Prior to 2008, all Bank of Ireland notes featured an image of the Queen's University of Belfast on the reverse side.
Michael Soden abruptly quit as group chief executive on 29 May 2004 when it was discovered that adult material that contravened company policy was found on his Bank PC.
Soden issued a personal statement explaining that the high standards of integrity and behaviour in an environment of accountability, transparency and openness, which he espoused, would cause embarrassment to the Bank.
Thurles, Boyle, Roscrea (1990), Milltown Malbay (1991), Dundalk (1989/90), Killester (1992), Tullamore (1993), Mullingar (1996), Castlecomer, Clonmel, Ballybricken, Ballinasloe, Skibbereen (1988), Dungarvan and, disclosed to the Oireachtas Public Accounts Sub-Committee, Ballaghaderreen (1998) and Ballygar (1999).
In April 2008 it was announced that four laptops with data pertaining to 10,000 customers were stolen between June and October 2007.
The thefts were initially reported to the Garda Síochána, however the Banks senior management did not know about the problem until February 2008 after an internal audit uncovered the theft and the Bank did not advise the Data Protection Commissioner and the Central Bank of Ireland until mid-April 2008.
The Bank has since released a press release detailing the seven branches affected and its initial response, later in the month the Bank confirmed that 31,500 customer records were affected as well as an increased number of branches.
On 27 February 2009, it was reported that a criminal gang from Dublin had stolen €7 million from the Bank of Ireland's main branch in College Green.
The robbery was the biggest in the history of the Republic of Ireland, during which a girlfriend of an employee, her mother and her mother's five-year-old granddaughter were held hostage at gunpoint.
It also gave wrong information to the Minister for Finance who in turn misled the Dáil on €66 million in bonuses it paid since receiving a State guarantee.
On 1 November 2010 IBM won the $450M full scope outsource contract to manage BoI Group's Information Technology (IT) infrastructure services (e.g.
Since then, BOI has given HCL a €30m Business Process Outsourcing contract and has selected them as strategic local resourcing partner in Ireland.
In addition to that, HCL have opened a software factory for Bank of Ireland in India and has started to outsource production support for the retail banking and payments applications in BOI.
This exclusive relationship with HCL has been seen as controversial in the context of the substantial Irish taxpayer investment in Bank of Ireland – and the lack of any significant investment by HCL in Ireland.
Bank of Ireland closed the accounts of Irish Palestine Solidarity campaign citing that the bank considered Palestine a high risk country.
On 5 March 2009, the shares reached €0.12 during the day, thereby reducing the value of the company by over 99% from its 2007 high.
The Central Bank told the Oireachtas Enterprise Committee that shareholders who lost their money in the banking collapse are to blame for their fate and got what was coming to them for not keeping bank chiefs in check, but did admit that the Central Bank had failed to give sufficient warning about reckless lending to property developers.
The pond is protected as part of Walden Pond State Reservation, a state park and recreation site managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
The Walden Pond Reservation is located south of Massachusetts Route 2 and (mostly) west of Massachusetts Route 126 in Concord and Lincoln, Massachusetts.
Portions of the pond's shore are beach, while other parts descend steeply to the water from trails that ring the pond.
The writer, transcendentalist, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau lived on the northern shore of the pond for two years starting in the summer of 1845.
Thoreau was inspired by former enslaved woman Zilpah White, who lived in a one-room house on the common land that bordered Walden Road and made a living spinning flax into linen fibers.
White's ability to provide for herself at a time when few if any other Concord women lived alone was a great accomplishment.
The land at that end was owned by Thoreau's friend and mentor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, who let Thoreau use it for his experiment.
An amusement park with swings, concession stands and an event hall, located at the western end of the pond, burned down in 1902 and was never rebuilt.
An acre of woodland had been leveled for access to the public beach when the Commissioners were sued to stop the destruction of the existing environment.
Rose, sitting in the Massachusetts Superior Court, ruled that Walden's deed donating the property to the Commonwealth required preservation of the land and barred further development.
The decision received national recognition, and Judge Rose received hundreds of letters from school children across the country thanking him for saving the land.
In 1977, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts installed a porous pavement parking area at Walden Pond as a special technology transfer demonstration project, following methodology generated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1972.
Recording artist Don Henley initiated The Walden Woods Project in 1990 to prevent the area around Walden Pond from being developed.
Through a joint effort of The Trust for Public Land, the Walden Woods Project, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, more than 85 acres of land were permanently protected, including Bear Garden Hill, where Thoreau took moonlit walks.
In 1995, The Trust for Public Land also assisted in the acquisition of a historic home, which would become the research center and library for the Thoreau Institute.
He details its unparalleled water quality; its clarity, color, and temperature; its unique animal life (aquatic, bird, and mammal); its rock formations and bed; and especially, its mirror-like surface properties.
He observes that it had no visible inlet or outlet, and considers the possibility of an unidentified spring at the bottom.
Thoreau, who was well read and a transcendentalist, and therefore presumably intimately familiar with Romanticism, relates the stories in a way that could be argued to interpret or reveal the pond as the locale of the Grail Legend in the Americas.
In addition to being a popular swimming destination in the summer, Walden Pond State Reservation provides opportunities for boating, hiking, picnicking, and fishing.
Walden Pond inspired the naming of the American film company Walden Media and is a frequent subject of professional and amateur photographers.
The Fitchburg Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail passes west of the pond; however, the nearest station is in Concord center, 1.4 miles northwest of the reservation.
The pond also serves as the backdrop for the game 'Walden, a game' where players assume the role of author Henry David Thoreau during his time living at the pond in the 1840s.
The West Virginia Power is a Minor League Baseball team of the South Atlantic League and the Class A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners.
They are located in Charleston, West Virginia, and play their home games at Appalachian Power Park which opened in and seats 4,500 fans.
The history of professional baseball in Charleston, dates back to , and a team known as the Charleston Statesmen of the long-forgotten Class D Virginia Valley League.
A new team, the Charleston Senators was formed in 1914 and lasted three seasons in the Class D Ohio State League.
In , the city had no team, but the Triple-A International League San Juan Marlins, affiliated with the St. Louis Cardinals, moved to the city in on May 19 when the team was deemed not financially viable.
In , the Charleston Indians, affiliated with the Cleveland Indians, moved to the city in the Class-A Eastern League, and in that league was elevated to Double-A.
The Charlies left for Maine following the season, and, after several moves, the team today is now known as the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders.
The Wheelers began as a co-op team, with players from several Major League Baseball franchises including the Los Angeles Dodgers, Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox, Chicago Cubs, Philadelphia Phillies, and Atlanta Braves.
In 1988, the franchise became the Chicago Cubs' third full-season Class A franchise (the other two being Peoria in the Midwest League and Winston-Salem in the Carolina League).
The only two players on that 1988 squad to reach the Major Leagues were SS Alex Arias and C Matt Walbeck.
The team changed its name to the Charleston Alley Cats in 1995 and switched colors from blue and white, with green trim, to grey and red, with black trim.
In , the team changed affiliation to the Kansas City Royals, again in to the Toronto Blue Jays, to the Milwaukee Brewers after the season, and finally joined the Pirates in 2009.
The energy production from coal, natural gas, and hydro-electric sources, combined with the fact that Charleston serves as the center for the state's political and economic powers led us to the name of the team.
We felt it was extremely important that the name reflect the entire region and are excited about the tremendous marketing opportunities that will go along with the name.
The Power won the 2007 SAL Northern Division title, but lost in the league championship series to the Columbus Catfish in three-straight games.
In 2019, the Power—now affiliated with the Seattle Mariners—announced a coaching staff of Dave Berg as manager, Alon Leichman as pitching coach, and Eric Farris as hitting coach.
Seating approximately 4,500 fans, Watt Powell Park was bordered by MacCorkle Avenue on the front (north) side, 35th Street on the east, and South Park Road on the west.
Fans who would otherwise have had to pay to see the games periodically watched the action from a CSX railroad line hard up against the south wall of the stadium.
The Power now plays its home games in Appalachian Power Park at the east edge of downtown Charleston, a little more than a mile across the Kanawha River from the former site of Watt Powell Park.
Most of the financing for the $25 million stadium came from the state, and the city, although the ownership team put up approximately $5 million.
The original cost of the ballpark was supposed to be $20 million but cost overruns put the figure at $25 million.
The city's share came mostly from the sale of Watt Powell Park to the nearby University of Charleston, which immediately sold two-thirds of the land to Charleston Area Medical Center, the region's largest hospital.
Originally, the new park was to be completed for the 2004 season, but politically induced delays in securing state funds forced construction to be put off for a year.
Syzran () is the third largest city in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of Saratov Reservoir of the Volga River.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Syzran serves as the administrative center of Syzransky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Syzran—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
The city's main employers are a large oil refinery owned by Rosneft, OAO Tyazhmash heavy industry machinery metallurgy mechanical turbines related to electricity production (and working with Czech Blansko firm CKD Blansko on some works , like in south america) , and the Syzran power station .
Toots and the Maytals, originally called The Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rocksteady vocal groups.
So in his camp, Island Records, there was Toots and the Maytals / Bob Marley; we were talking about reggae is going international now.
We kept on meeting and he (Blackwell) decided that the backing band that back all of the songs, the recording band, should be the Maytals band.
And then we hit the road in 1975 ... we were the opening act for the Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, and Jackson Browne.
With musical backing from Dodd's house band, the Skatalites, the Maytals' close-harmony gospel singing ensured success, overshadowing Dodd's other up-and-coming vocal group, the Wailers.
After staying at Studio One for about two years, the group moved on to do sessions for Prince Buster before recording with Byron Lee in 1966.
Following Hibbert's release in 1967, the Maytals began working with the Chinese Jamaican producer Leslie Kong, a collaboration which yielded a string of hits throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s.
By 1971, they signed a recording contract with Chris Blackwell's Island Records, become the biggest act in Jamaica, and had become international stars.
On 1 October 1975, Toots and the Maytals were broadcast live on KMET-FM as they performed at The Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles.
The album masters, labels and the outer covers were then separately sped to the Gedmel factory near Leicester, and the finished product was assembled and delivered to Coventry, where the band was playing the next day, successfully meeting the 24-hour deadline.
In March 2009 it was announced that Toots & the Maytals would be performing alongside Amy Winehouse, for their shared record label Island Records' 50th anniversary.
However, Winehouse's performance was cancelled, and Toots & the Maytals instead played at the more intimate Bush Hall to a sell-out crowd.
In May 2013, Hibbert was struck in the head with a 1.75-litre vodka bottle while performing onstage at a Richmond, Virginia, festival.
In 2016 Toots and the Maytals announced a return to the stage with their first tour in 3 years, and on June 15 at The Observatory North Park in San Diego the group returned to the stage for the first time since 2013.
Toots he's a great reggae artist and he's still doing it … He's up there in years and he's doing it.
On June 24, 2017 at the Glastonbury Festival, reggae group Toots and the Maytals were slotted for 17:30 with BBC Four scheduled to show highlights from their set.
In 2018, Toots and the Maytals launched a 50th anniversary tour with concert appearances in North America from April to August, moving to dates in the UK starting in October.
It was the first time the group has returned to perform in the state of Virginia since the incident in 2013 at a festival in Richmond, VA which lead to the group's 3-year hiatus from live performances.
Toots and The Maytals were the musical guest on the first episode of SNL that Trump hosted on April 3, 2004.
He travelled the world widely to spread ecumenicism and worked to foster relations with both Protestant and Catholic churches across Europe.
He came under attack for expressing compassion towards bereaved Argentinians after the Falklands War of 1982, and generated controversy by supporting women's ordination.
Biographer Adrian Hastings argues that Runcie was not a distinguished writer or thinker, but was a good administrator who made shrewd appointments, demanded quality, and recognized good performances.
Runcie was born on 2 October 1921 in Birkenhead, Cheshire, and spent his early life in Great Crosby, Lancashire, to middle-class and rather non-religious parents.
He initially attended St Luke's Church, Crosby (where he was confirmed in 1936), before switching to the Anglo-Catholic St Faith's Church about a mile down the road.
During the Second World War he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Scots Guards on 21 November 1942, and was given the service number 251985.
He served with the regiment's 3rd (Tank) Battalion, then part of the 6th Guards Tank Brigade, as a tank commander, landing in Normandy with his unit as part of Operation Overlord in July 1944, a few weeks after the D-Day landings on 6 June, and fought with the battalion throughout the entire North West Europe Campaign until Victory in Europe Day (VE Day) in May 1945.
Towards the end of the war, he earned the Military Cross (MC) for two feats of bravery in March 1945: he rescued one of his men from a crippled tank under heavy enemy fire, and the next day took his own tank into an exceptionally exposed position in order to knock out three anti-tank guns.
After the surrender of Nazi Germany, Runcie served with the occupying forces in Cologne and then with the boundary commission dealing with the future status of the Free Territory of Trieste.
He was a member of both Conservative and socialist societies at Oxford, and through that he had his first dealings with the young Margaret Thatcher (then Margaret Roberts), a relationship which was to prove pivotal during his archiepiscopate.
Runcie studied for ordination at Westcott House, Cambridge, where he received a diploma, rather than a second bachelor's degree in theology.
He was made deacon in Advent 1950 and ordained priest the following Advent, both times by Noel Hudson, Bishop of Newcastle at Newcastle Cathedral, to serve as a curate in the parish of All Saints in the wealthy Newcastle upon Tyne suburb of Gosforth, then a rapidly growing suburban area.
Rather than the conventional minimum three-year curacy, after only two years Runcie was invited to return to Westcott House as Chaplain and, later, Vice-Principal.
In 1956 he was elected Fellow and Dean of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he would meet his future wife, Rosalind, the daughter of the college bursar.
In 1960, he returned to the world of the theological college, becoming Principal of Cuddesdon College, near Oxford, and vicar of the local parish church (Church of All Saints, Cuddesdon).
He spent ten years and transformed what had been a rather monastic and traditionally Anglo-Catholic institution into a stronghold of the liberal Catholic wing of the Church of England.
In this period, his name became more and more strongly spoken of as a future bishop, and speculation was confirmed when he was appointed Bishop of St Albans in 1970.
Like Gosforth in the 1950s, the Diocese of St Albans was a booming suburban area, popular with families moving out of a depopulating London.
As well as diocesan work, he worked with broadcasters as Chairman of the Central Religious Advisory Committee, and was appointed Chairman of the joint Anglican–Orthodox Commission.
There is evidence that Runcie was the second choice of the Crown Appointments Commission, the first choice, Hugh Montefiore, having proven politically unacceptable to the then newly elected Conservative government.
In 1981, Runcie officiated at the marriage of Charles, Prince of Wales, to Lady Diana Spencer, despite suspecting privately that they were ill-suited and that their marriage would not last.
On 11 March 1982, Runcie attempted to give a speech in St Nicholas's Parish Church in Liverpool but was shouted at by people upset about the Pope's prospective visit to Britain.
In a gesture of goodwill, he knelt in prayer with Pope John Paul II in Canterbury Cathedral during John Paul's visit to the United Kingdom in 1982.
Tebbit became a strong supporter of the disestablishment of the Church of England, claiming that institutions affiliated to the British state should not express what he saw as overtly partisan political views.
Much of the middle period of Runcie's archiepiscopate was taken up with the tribulations of two men who had been close to him: the suicide of Gareth Bennett and the kidnapping of Terry Waite.
When Runcie visited Pope John Paul II in 1989, he set out to reconcile the Church of England with the Church of Rome.
The Pope did not go along with this, however, claiming that the Papacy already has primacy of jurisdiction over all other churches regardless of whether or not this is officially recognised and also that the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church would not change to accommodate Runcie's proposals.
In internal Anglican matters, much of Runcie's time as archbishop was taken up with the debate over whether to proceed with the ordination of women in the Church of England as well as the fallout from the ordination of women as priests and bishops in other parts of the Anglican Communion.
The church's attitude to homosexuality was also a divisive issue during this period, although it did not assume the crisis proportions it would in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
They had two children: James Runcie, a novelist, and Rebecca Runcie, as well as four grandchildren: Rosie, Charlotte, Matthew and Edward.
The visitor was asked to select the more appealing, and poems that survived the process of voting went on to be spliced into other 'healthy' poems.
That's ok. All you have to do is read them both and pick the one you find more appealing, for whatever reason.
Cemetery Hill is a landform on the Gettysburg Battlefield that was the scene of fighting each day of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863).
Cemetery Hill overlooks the main downtown area of Gettysburg from the south, at 503 feet (153 m) above sea level, 80 feet (24 m) above the town center, about 100 feet (30 m) above Winebrenner's Run at its base.
A shallow saddle on the crest about from its northeast slope is the point where the Baltimore Pike crosses the hill and separates East Cemetery Hill from the remainder.
The 1858 south boundary for the Gettysburg borough extended southeast from the Emmitsburg Road to the Cemetery Hill summit on the Taneytown Rd, then northeast across the Baltimore Pike summit to the hill's base, then northward to Winebrenner Run.
On the south slope of Cemetery Hill (originally named Raffensperger's Hill, after farmer Peter Raffensperger, who owned over on the eastern slope) is the 1854 Evergreen Cemetery and its 1855 gatehouse used as a headquarters during the battle.
On June 26, 1863, prior to the Battle of Gettysburg, Lt. Col. Elijah V. White's Confederate cavalry occupied the hill and captured several horses hidden by local citizens, then departed to York County, Pennsylvania.
On July 1, 1863, Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard left infantry and artillery to hold the hill in case the army needed to fall back from its positions north and west of Gettysburg.
Cemetery Hill became the rallying point for retreating Union troops of the I Corps and XI Corps (from fighting north and northwest of town).
One of the great controversies of the battle was the failure of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, and his subordinate, Brig.
Smith thought Union troops were approaching from the east, which caused Early to delay his attack on the hill to defend against the supposed threat.
There proved to be no significant Union troop movements from the east, and Smith was the only brigadier general not commended by Early after the battle.
Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and the Second Corps were assigned the mission of launching a simultaneous demonstration against the Union right, a minor attack that was intended to distract and pin down the Union defenders against Longstreet.
For three hours, he chose to limit his demonstration to an artillery barrage from Benner's Hill, about a mile (1,600 m) to the northeast.
Cemetery Hill is over 50 feet (15 m) taller than Benner's Hill, and the geometry of artillery science meant that the Union gunners had a decided advantage.
Around 7 p.m., as the Confederate assaults on the Union left and center were petering out, Ewell chose to begin his main infantry assault.
Greene's men held off the Confederate attack for hours, although the attackers were able to establish a foothold in some abandoned Union rifle pits.
Not long after the assault on Culp's Hill began, as dusk fell around 7:30 p.m., Ewell sent two brigades from the division of Maj. Gen. Jubal A.
Early against East Cemetery Hill from the east, and he alerted the division of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes to prepare a follow-up assault against Cemetery Hill proper from the northwest.
They stepped off from a line parallel to Winebrenner's Run, a narrow tributary of Rock Creek to the southeast of town.
Harris's men were stationed at a low stone wall on the northern end of the hill and wrapped around onto Brickyard Lane at the base of the hill.
Two regiments, the 41st New York and the 33rd Massachusetts, were stationed in Culp's Meadow beyond Brickyard Lane in expectation of an attack by Johnson's division.
The relatively steep slope of East Cemetery Hill made artillery fire difficult to direct against infantry because the gun barrels could not be depressed sufficiently, but they did their best with canister and double canister fire.
Just beforehand, Ames had sent the 17th Connecticut from its place on the left of the line to a position in the center.
Other troops exploited other weak spots in the line, and soon some of the Confederates had reached the batteries at the top of the hill, while others fought in the darkness with the four remaining Union regiments on the line behind the stone wall.
On the crest of the hill, the gunners of Captain Michael Wiedrich's New York battery and Captain R. Bruce Ricketts's Pennsylvania battery engaged in hand-to-hand combat against the invaders.
Generals Howard and Schurz heard the commotion and rushed the 58th and 119th New York of Col. Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski's brigade from West Cemetery Hill to the aid of Wiedrich's battery.
They arrived at the double-quick, charging through the dark from the cemetery, just as the Confederate attack was starting to ebb.
It had filed west from the town and into the fields along the dirt path that is now Long Lane, where it stopped after advancing a short distance in the darkness.
Gen. Dodson Ramseur, the leading brigade commander, saw the futility of a night assault against two lines of Union troops behind stone walls, backed up by significant artillery.
Losses on both sides were severe; among the casualties was Col. Avery, who was struck in the neck by a musket ball, felling him from his horse, where he was discovered after the charge by several of his soldiers and Major Tate of the 6th North Carolina.
On July 3, there was no infantry attack on Cemetery Hill; the primary Confederate attacks were on Culp's Hill and on the lower portion of Cemetery Ridge.
Union cannons on Cemetery Hill counter fired on the Confederate artillery barrage that preceded Pickett's Charge and provided antipersonnel support fire during the Confederate infantry attack.
National Park Service historian Troy Harman has written that Robert E. Lee's ultimate objective for the assaults by Longstreet on July 2 and July 3 was actually Cemetery Hill, rolling the Union left flank up Cemetery Ridge.
Post-battle, East Cemetery Hill was occupied for several weeks by state militiamen, who established a tented camp site to maintain a military presence, secure the battlefield from looters and curiosity seekers, collect remaining military weapons, and provide manpower and services for the area's hospitals.
Elizabeth C. Thorn (pregnant wife of the keeper of Evergreen Cemetery who was at war), her parents, and hired hands dug 105 graves for soldiers killed at or near Cemetery Hill.
The 1867 National Homestead at Gettysburg operated as an orphanage at the north foot of the hill, and an 1878 wooden observation tower of East Cemetery Hill had been built near the monument for Battery B, Pennsylvania Light Artillery.
The 1893–1917 Gettysburg Electric Railway was on several sides of the hill, and the 1921–2008 Gettysburg National Museum operated on the west side of Cemetery Hill along the Taneytown Road.
The areas on the northern and western slopes of the hill are now largely occupied by tourist-related businesses (hotels, restaurants, gift shops, battlefield tour agencies, private museums, etc.).
The military importance of the heights is not as evident today since the once commanding view has been blocked by this sprawl.
The Voronezh (, ), also romanized as Voronež, is a river in Tambov, Lipetsk, and Voronezh oblasts in Russia, a left tributary of the Don.
Going upstream, it leaves the Don south of Voronezh and goes north parallel and east of the Don for about .
To the east are the basins of the south-flowing Bityug River which joins the Don and the north-flowing Tsna River (Moksha basin) which reaches the Oka via the Moksha.
The river is named for an earlier town destroyed by the Mongol invasion, whose name in turn was borrowed from a place name in the Principality of Chernigov, derived from the personal name Voroneg.
In 1706 Peter the Great built boats along the Voronezh and sailed them down the Don to attack the Turkish fortress of Azov.
The Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research is one of the prizes awarded by the Lasker Foundation for the outstanding discovery, Contribution and achievement in the field of medicine and Human Physiology.
Leland Harrison (Lee) Hartwell (born October 30, 1939 in Los Angeles, California) is former president and director of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington.
He shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and Tim Hunt, for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division (duplication) of cells.
Working in yeast, Hartwell identified the fundamental role of checkpoints in cell cycle control, and CDC genes such as CDC28, which controls the start of the cycle—the progression through G1.
Hartwell attended Glendale High School in Glendale, California, and then received his Bachelor of Science from the California Institute of Technology in 1961.
In addition to the Nobel Prize, Hartwell has received many awards and honors including the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1995.
In 1996, Hartwell joined the faculty of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and in 1997 became its president and director until he retired in 2010.
In 1998 he received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, and the Massry Prize from the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California in 2000.
His earliest publications focused on the isolation of temperature sensitive yeast mutants disabled in basic biological processes, including DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.
This led to the identification of the CDC (Cell Division Cycle) genes, which function in promoting the progression through cell division, most notably CDC28, which encodes the yeast Cdk kinase.
Hartwell is the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board at the Canary Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to developing new technologies for the early detection of cancer.
In September 2009, it was announced that Hartwell would join the faculty of Arizona State University as the Virginia G. Piper Chair of Personalized Medicine and co-director of the Biodesign Institute's Center for Sustainable Health with Dr. Michael Birt.
This award is given to scientists whose research in yeast has made the most impact in the broader areas of biology.
Back to Earth is an album by Swedish singer Lisa Ekdahl, recorded with the Peter Nordahl Trio, and released in the United States by RCA Records in 1999.
Tambov (, ; ) is a city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, central Russia, located at the confluence of the Tsna and Studenets Rivers, about south-southeast of Moscow.
Originally, it was a border fortress against attacks by the Crimean Tatars, but it soon declined in importance as a military outpost.
In 1779, Tambov Viceroyalty was formed, and on August 16, 1781, Empress Catherine the Great approved the city's coat of arms depicting a beehive, symbolizing the town's hardworking residents.
In March 1786, the disgraced Russian poet and statesman Gavrila Derzhavin was appointed the governor of Tambov Governorate—a post that he held until December 1788.
Even during that brief tenure, he accomplished a great deal: a theatre, a college, a dancing school, a printing business, an orchestra, and a brickyard were built.
In November 1830, during the Cholera Riots in Russia, the citizens of Tambov attacked their governor, but they were soon suppressed by the regular army.
Later in the 19th century Tambov became a significant cultural centre that supported a growing number of schools, libraries, and other institutions.
During the Civil War, in 1920–1921, the region witnessed the Tambov Rebellion—a bitter struggle between local residents and the Bolshevik Red Army.
In 1921, a Tambov Republic was established, but it was soon crushed by the Red Army under the command of Mikhail Tukhachevsky.
Tambov finally became the centre of Tambov Oblast, which was created from oblasts of Voronezh and Kuybyshev on 27 September 1937.
Tambov serves as the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Tambovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Tambov—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Annual rainfall ranges from 400 to 650 mm, more than half of them (about 270 mm) of precipitation falls in the warm season.
Russia's oldest drama theater is located in Tambov, as well as two universities, two military colleges, a musical school, a museum of local lore, and other cultural institutions.
In the Russian popular culture has long had a reputation of a gloomy city dangerous for living (which is only partly related to the notorious Tambov Mafia).
Tsna (in the upper part of the Wet Peak) is a river in the Tambov and Ryazan oblasts of Russia, the left tributary of the Moksha (the Volga basin).
Karian - length 48 km, Lipovitsa - 52 km, Lesnoy Tambov - 89 km, Chelnaya 121 km, Kersha with Khmelina - 86 and 49 km, Kashma with Bolshoy and Small Lomovis - respectively 111, 106, 66 km, Serp - 66 km.
The name of the river (as well as the Oka tributary of the same name) is usually derived from the Baltic * Tasna, comparing it with Prussian.
The list of inland waterways in Russia includes a section from the mouth to the village of Tenshupino with a length of 47 km (2002).
Along the right bank almost everywhere there is a forest belt, but it comes to the water only in certain places, as it was cut down during the Great Patriotic War.
On the bank of the Tsna River there is the Holy Spring, known in Tambov and the nearest regions, located in the village of Treguliai.
The price below Tambov is a meandering calm river, 40–80 m wide, flowing along a wide valley with a lot of creeks, old men, a stream where you can go fishing.
Below the Lake Orekhov Zaton on the high right bank is a natural species platform, from where the panorama of the village of Kulevatovo, the floodplain of the Tsna River, the mouth of the Chelnovoi River comes off.
The beaches are mainly meadow, only near Mutasievo on the right bank of the wedge is the forest to which the creek leads.
Ten kilometers from the dam after the mouth of the Serp tributary on the right high bank is a pine forest.
Pine forest, reaching the river, there is also in front of the Rysly; Behind the village there is a floating bridge.
Before the last dam (HPP), the river forms a reservoir with a length of about 6 km and a width of 0.5 km.
But after the reconstruction of the dam, the dam began to collapse year after year, and now the river has become much shallow.
The view from the summit provides a panorama of the land and, to the north, a more limited one of the valley of the River Jordan.
According to the final chapter of the Book of Deuteronomy, Moses ascended Mount Nebo to view the Land of Canaan, which God had said he would not enter; he died in Moab.
Some Islamic traditions also stated the same, although there is a grave of Moses located at Maqam El-Nabi Musa, south of Jericho and east of Jerusalem in the Judean wilderness.
Scholars continue to dispute whether the mountain currently known as Nebo is the same as the mountain referred to in Deuteronomy.
According to 2 Maccabees (), the prophet Jeremiah hid the tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant in a cave there.
Pope Benedict XVI visited the site in 2009, gave a speech, and looked out from the top of the mountain in the direction of Jerusalem.
It is symbolic of the bronze serpent created by Moses in the wilderness () and the cross upon which Jesus was crucified ().
In the modern chapel presbytery, built to protect the site and provide worship space, remnants of mosaic floors from different periods can be seen.
The earliest of these is a panel with a braided cross presently placed on the east end of the south wall.
The Battle of Two Sisters was an engagement of the Falklands War during the British advance towards the capital, Port Stanley; it took place from 11 to 12 June 1982.
The British force, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Whitehead, consisted of the Royal Marines of 45 Commando and 40 Commando anti-tank troop with support from six 105-mm guns of 29 Commando Regiment.
45 Commando was instructed to seize Two Sisters Mountain under the cover of darkness and proceed onto Tumbledown Mountain if time allowed, but Argentine resistance was stiff enough to cancel the second attack.
In early June, Jaimet's company would be reinforced with the Support Platoon under Second Lieutenant Marcelo Dorigón from the 12th Regiment's B Company that had been left behind on Mount Kent, after RI 12's B Company had been helicoptered forward to Ramsground as reinforcements during the Battle of Goose Green.
On 2 June, the 4th Regiment's Operation Officer, Captain Carlos Alfredo López Patterson, arrived to help in the defence of Two Sisters.
On 4 June, the three rifle companies of 45 CDO advanced on Bluff Cove Peak, on the lower slopes of Mount Kent, and were able to occupy the feature without opposition; they were met by patrols from the Special Air Service (SAS).
Enemy opposition was initially desultory but on the night of 29 May a fierce firefight had developed over capturing the two important hills, as they were intended to form part of an Argentine Special Forces line.
Captain Andrés Ferrero's patrol (3rd Assault Section, 602 Commando Company) reached the base of Mount Kent but were then promptly pinned down by machinegun and mortar fire.
Probing attacks around the D Squadron, SAS positions continued throughout the night and at 11:00 am local time on 30 May, about 12 Argentine Commandos (Captain Tomás Fernández's 2nd Assault Section, 602 Commando Company) tried to get up the summit of Bluff Cove Peak, but were driven off by D Squadron who killed two of the party, First Lieutenant Rubén Eduardo Márquez and Sergeant Óscar Humberto Blas.
First Lieutenant Márquez and Sergeant Blas had shown great personal courage and leadership in the contact and were posthumously awarded the Argentine Medal of Valour in Combat.
During this contact, the SAS suffered another two casualties from grenades after the Argentine Commandos had stumbled on a camp occupied by 15 SAS troopers.Throughout 30 May, Royal Air Force Harriers were active over Mount Kent.
One of them, responding to a call for help from D Squadron, was shot down by small arms fire while attacking Mount Kent's eastern lower slopes.
On 5 June, two Royal Air Force Harriers operating from 'Sids Strip', the San Carlos Forward Operating Base, attacked the Argentine defenders on Two Sisters with rockets around midday.
A heavy mist hung over the Murrell River area, which assisted the 45 Commando Recce Troop to reach and sometimes penetrate the Argentine 3rd Platoon position under Sub-Lieutenant Marcelo Llambías-Pravaz.
On 8 June, Corporal Hugo Gabino MacDougall from the 6th Regiment's B Company, claimed to have shot down a Harrier, with a shoulder-launched Blowpipe missile.
The British admit the loss of a GR-3 Harrier (XZ-989) on this day, when it made an emergency landing at San Carlos due to battle damage.
In the ensuing fight Special Forces Sergeants Mario Antonio Cisneros and Ramón Gumercindo Acosta were killed; two more Argentine Special Forces lying in ambush for the Royal Marines were wounded.
Major Aldo Rico, commander of the 602 Commando Company, had a lucky escape in this engagement, when an enemy 66mm projectile exploded uncomfortably close to him and First Lieutenant Horacio Fernando Lauría.
Captain Hugo Ranieri, who took part in this intense engagement as a specialist sniper, claims that First Lieutenant Jorge Vizoso-Posse, although wounded, shot three of the retreating Royal Marines in the back.
First Lieutenant Horacio Fernando Lauría and Sergeant Orlando Aguirre claim to have destroyed a British machine-gun with rifle-grenades in this engagement.
On that same night (9–10 June), according to the British, a friendly fire incident occurred when Royal Marines returning from a reconnaissance patrol were mistaken for Argentines in the dark and the supporting British mortar team opened up on them, only to be met with a withering hail of small-arms fire from the returning Marines.
On 11 June, several GR-3 Harriers took off from San Carlos airbase to drop cluster bombs on Mounts Longdon, Harriet and Two Sisters Mountain.
Captain Ian Gardiner's X-Ray Company spearheaded the attack on Two Sisters, accompanied by the unit's Commando-trained chaplain, the Revd Wynne Jones RN.
Lieutenant James Kelly's 1 Troop took the western third of the spineback on the southern peak of Two Sisters ('Long Toenail'), with no fighting taking place.
However at 11:00 pm local time, Lieutenant David Stewart's 3 Troop ran up against a very determined defence on the spineback and were unable to get forward.
Beaten from their attempt to dislodge the Argentine 3rd Platoon, Lieutenant Chris Caroe's 2 Troop threw themselves at the platoon, but the attack was dispersed with the help of artillery fire.
Naval gunfire rippled back and forth across the mountain, but the Argentine 3rd Platoon of Llambías-Pravaz, shouting their Guarani Indian war cry, held the Royal Marines off and were not dislodged until about 2.30 am local time.
Colonel Andrew Whitehead realized that a single company could not hope to secure Two Sisters without massive casualties, and brought up the unit's two other companies.
The Argentine mortar platoon commander, Lieutenant Martella, after having consumed all of his ammunition in an earlier attempt to stop the advance of 42 CDO on Mount Harriet was killed in this action.
The Z Company platoon commander, Lieutenant Clive Dytor, won the Military Cross by rallying his 8 Troop and leading it forward at bayonet point to take 'Summer Days'.
Charge!’ What I didn’t remember, until I read it again later, was that he was actually cut in half at that point by a German machine gun.
Second Lieutenant Aldo Eugenio Franco and his RI 6 platoon, after having scrapped a planned counterattack in conjunction with Major David Carullo's Panhard armoured car squadron, because the Two Sisters defenders no longer held the peaks, covered the Argentine withdrawal and prevented Yankee Company from attacking C Company as it withdrew from Two Sisters.
Private Oscar Ismael Poltronieri who held up Yankee Company with accurate shooting with his rifle and a machine-gun, was awarded the Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross (CHVC), the highest Argentine decoration for bravery.
Sub-Lieutenant Nazer had been wounded covering the withdrawal and the remnants of his platoon having been placed under the command of Corporal Virgilio Rafael Barrientos, took up positions on Sapper Hill.
Captain Gardiner's X-Ray Company reported another wounded (Corporal Frank Melia) in the daylight hours of 12 June after attracting mortar rounds from Tumbledown Mountain.A number of marines in Gardiner's company, sheltering in the abandoned bunkers on Two Sisters from the Argentine field artillery, were also incapacitated in the daylight hours of 12 and 13 June after losing their hearing in the near-misses from exploding 105mm and 155mm shells.
On 13 June, Argentine A-4 Skyhawk fighter-bombers got through the British Combat Air Patrols and attacked vehicles and helicopters stationed around 3 Commando Brigade Headquarters on the lower western slopes of Two Sisters (near Murrell River), resulting in a helicopter crewman injured and considerable structural damage to three Gazelle helicopters.
On the morning of 14 June, as 45 Commando on the forward slopes of Two Sisters prepared to reinforce the Welsh Guards consolidating on Sapper Hill, a Snowcat tracked vehicle from 407 Transportation Troop that arrived in support ran into a minefield and its driver got out to warn others behind of the danger ahead, only to step on an anti-personnel mine requiring urgent medical evacuation in a helicopter.
The Argentine land-based Exocet threat was well known, so a carefully planned route to and from the firing positions off Eliza Cove was used.
At 0336 local time, the British skipper, Commander Ian Inskip, looking at the radar screen, realized that Glamorgan was under attack by an anti-ship missile, and ordered full starboard rudder.
The naval gunfire officer accompanying the Royal Marines had been wounded early in the battle for Two Sisters, but Bombardier Edward Holt from 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery, took over and continued to give swift and accurate directions to the destroyer and was subsequently awarded the Military Medal.
British-American historian Hugh Bicheno has been critical of the 6th Infantry Regiment's 'B' Company who, he claims, withdrew in a disorderly manner from front-line positions at the opening of the battle, although this seems to have little foundation.
Indeed, the company withdrew in good order, according to the Spanish-speaking warrant officer attached to 3 Commando Brigade Headquarters in the fighting.
The Argentine Army Official Report on the war recommended Major Oscar Ramon Jaimet and CSM Jorge Edgardo Pitrella of the 6th Regiment's B Company for an MVC (Argentine Nation to the Valour in Combat Medal) for the conduct of their fighting withdrawal and subsequent behaviour on Tumbledown (this was later granted to Major Jaimet, Pitrella was awarded the Argentine Army to the Effort and Abnegation Medal).
With the telephone lines to the command post in shreds, Llambías Pravaz led his men to join M Company, 5th Marine Infantry Battalion on Sapper Hill.
He had nearly been killed in the fighting when a rock impacted his helmet after a Milan missile exploded close behind him.
Wynne Jones was challenged by the Marines and called out that he was 45 Commando's padre and had forgotten the password.
Some 30 years later, Marine Nick Hunt of X-Ray Company got in contact with Sub-Lieutenant Marcelo Llambías-Pravaz, and in a televised reunion on the southern peak of the mountain, he returned the pictures he had found of the army officer and his platoon of conscripts the morning after the Royal Marines had stormed the position.
Seven Royal Marine Commandos and a sapper from 59 Independent Commando Squadron, Royal Engineers were killed taking Two Sisters.Another 17 British marines in 45 Commando, including platoon commanders (Lieutenants Fox, Dunning and Davies) were wounded.
Some 20 Argentines entrusted with the defence of Two Sisters were killed in the first eleven days of June and the night of the battle, another 50 were wounded and 54 taken prisoner.
For bravery shown in the attack on Two Sisters, men from 45 Commando were awarded one DSO, three Military Crosses, one Distinguished Conduct Medal and four Military Medals.
It flows through Penza Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Ryazan Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, and joins the Oka near Pyatnitsky Yar, below the city of Penza Oblast.
In the hollow with a sandy and clay bottom deep, a creeping stream of in width runs (the study was conducted in May 2010).
The constant flow of water is observed below the confluence of the hollow from the holy spring, where a small extension of the channel also forms.
Along the banks of the stream, shrubs of willows, thickets of broadleaf cattails, reeds of forest and some other moisture-loving plants grow in the water.
The corpus luteum is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen that inhibits further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
The follicle first forms a corpus hemorrhagicum before it becomes a corpus luteum, but the term refers to the visible collection of blood, left after rupture of the follicle, that secretes progesterone.
While the oocyte (later the zygote if fertilization occurs) traverses the Fallopian tube into the uterus, the corpus luteum remains in the ovary.
The corpus luteum is typically very large relative to the size of the ovary; in humans, the size of the structure ranges from under 2 cm to 5 cm in diameter.
The follicular theca cells luteinize into small luteal cells (thecal-lutein cells) and follicular granulosa cells luteinize into large luteal cells (granulosal-lutein cells) forming the corpus luteum.
PKA actively phosphorylates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and translocator protein to transport cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The development of the corpus luteum is accompanied by an increase in the level of the steroidogenic enzyme P450scc that converts cholesterol to pregnenolone in the mitochondria.
During the bovine estrous cycle, plasma levels of progesterone increase in parallel to the levels of P450scc and its electron donor adrenodoxin, indicating that progesterone secretion is a result of enhanced expression of P450scc in the corpus luteum.
The mitochondrial P450 system electron transport chain including adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin has been shown to leak electrons leading to the formation of superoxide radical.
Apparently to cope with the radicals produced by this system and by enhanced mitochondrial metabolism, the levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase also increase in parallel with the enhanced steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum.
Like the previous theca cells, the theca lutein cells lack the aromatase enzyme that is necessary to produce estrogen, so they can only perform steroidogenesis until formation of androgens.
The granulosa lutein cells do have aromatase, and use it to produce estrogens, using the androgens previously synthesized by the theca lutein cells, as the granulosa lutein cells in themselves do not have the 17α-hydroxylase or 17,20 lyase to produce androgens.
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively.
If the egg is fertilized and implantation occurs, the syncytiotrophoblast (derived from trophoblast) cells of the blastocyst secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or a similar hormone in other species) by day 9 post-fertilization.
Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the corpus luteum to continue progesterone secretion, thereby maintaining the thick lining (endometrium) of the uterus and providing an area rich in blood vessels in which the zygote(s) can develop.
However, in placental animals such as humans, the placenta eventually takes over progesterone production and the corpus luteum degrades into a corpus albicans without embryo/fetus loss.
Luteal support refers to the administration of medication (generally progestins) for the purpose of increasing the success of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing the function of the corpus luteum.
The yellow color and name of the corpus luteum, like that of the macula lutea of the retina, is due to its concentration of certain carotenoids, especially lutein.
Smigel's most famous creation, however, would be the foul-mouthed puppet Triumph the Insult Comic Dog, who mercilessly mocks celebrities and others in the style of a Borscht Belt comedian.
It spawned a TV show on Comedy Central featuring a mix of puppets, animation, and short sketches, although only eight episodes were aired (during the winter of 2000–2001).
Smigel is also one of the executive producers of the film, which is a first for him despite his frequent collaborations with Sandler.
They are active members of (NYCA), a non-profit organization founded in 2003 to address the needs of individuals and families who are living with autism.
A blank cheque (American English: blank check) or carte blanche, in the literal sense is a cheque that has no monetary value written in, but is already signed.
In the figurative sense, it is used to describe a situation in which an agreement has been made that is open-ended or vague, and therefore subject to abuse, or in which a party is willing to consider any expense in the pursuance of their goals.
A blank cheque can be extremely expensive for the drawer who writes the cheque, because whoever obtains the cheque could write in any amount of money, and might be able to cash it (if the current account (US: checking account) contains sufficient funds, and depending on the laws in the specific country).
It stars Uma Thurman as the Bride, who continues her campaign of revenge against the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad (Lucy Liu, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, and Vivica A.
The films were originally set for a single release, but the film, with a runtime of over four hours, was divided in two.
Bill, the Bride's former lover, the father of her child, and the leader of the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad, arrives unexpectedly and orders the Deadly Vipers to kill everyone at the wedding.
Budd has been warned by Bill of her approach; he incapacitates her with a non-lethal shotgun blast of rock salt and sedates her.
Years earlier, Bill tells the young Bride of the legendary martial arts master Pai Mei and his Five Point Palm Exploding Heart Technique, a death blow that Mei refuses to teach his students; the technique that supposedly kills any opponent after they have taken five steps.
In the present, the Bride uses Mei's techniques to break out of the coffin and claw her way to the surface.
She calls Bill and tells him that the Bride has killed Budd and that she has killed the Bride, using the Bride's real name: Beatrix Kiddo.
Elle, who was also taught by Mei, taunts Beatrix by revealing that she killed Mei by poisoning him in retribution for him plucking out her eye.
She recounts a mission in which she discovered she was pregnant and explains that she left the Deadly Vipers to give B.B.
He said he wanted 10 years to pass after the Bride's last conflict, to give her and her daughter a period of peace.
Thomas Keith Glennan (September 8, 1905 – April 11, 1995) was the first Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, serving from August 19, 1958 to January 20, 1961.
Born in Enderlin, North Dakota, the son of Richard and Margaret Glennan, he attended the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire and then earned a degree in electrical engineering from the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University in 1927, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity.
Following graduation, he became associated with the newly developed sound motion picture industry, and later became assistant general service superintendent for Electrical Research Products Company, a subsidiary of Western Electric Company.
During his career he was studio manager of Paramount Pictures, and Samuel Goldwyn Studios, and was briefly on the staff of Vega Aircraft Corporation.
Glennan joined the Columbia University Division of War Research in 1942, serving throughout World War II, first as Administrator and then as Director of the U.S. Navy's Underwater Sound Laboratories at New London, Connecticut.
During his administration, Case rose from a primarily local institution to rank with the top engineering schools in the United States.
From October 1950 to November 1952, concurrent with his Case presidency, he served as a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
As NASA Administrator, Glennan presided over an organization that had absorbed the earlier National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) intact; its 8,000 employees, an annual budget of US$100 million, and three major research laboratories—Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, and Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory—and two small test facilities made up the core of the new NASA.
Within a short time after NASA's formal organization, Glennan incorporated several organizations involved in space exploration projects from other federal agencies into NASA to ensure that a viable scientific program of space exploration could be reasonably conducted over the long-term.
He brought in part of the Naval Research Laboratory in NASA and created for its use the Goddard Space Flight Center.
He also incorporated several disparate satellite programs, two lunar probes, and the research effort to develop a million pound force (4.4 MN) thrust, single-chamber rocket engine from the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Department of Defense's (DOD) Advanced Research Projects Agency.
In December 1958 Glennan also acquired control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a contractor facility operated by the California Institute of Technology.
In 1960, Glennan obtained the transfer to NASA of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, located at Huntsville, Alabama, and renamed it the Marshall Space Flight Center.
By mid-1960, Glennan had secured for NASA primacy in the U.S. federal government for the execution of all space activities except reconnaissance satellites, ballistic missiles, and a few other space-related projects, most of which were still in the study stage, that the DOD controlled.
Upon leaving NASA in January 1961, Glennan returned to the Case Institute of Technology, where he continued to serve as president until 1966.
After his retirement in 1966, Glennan spent two years as president of Associated Universities, Inc., a Washington-based advocate for institutions of higher education.
Goodman Ace (15 January 1899 – 25 March 1982), born Goodman Aiskowitz, was an American humorist, radio writer and comedian, television writer, and magazine columnist.
Jane wanted to attend the sold-out performance of Al Jolson in Kansas City; her boyfriends were unable to get tickets, but Ace had access to the concert via his press pass.
The editor, reasoning that since Ace's current assignment was covering local theater, insisted he would be the perfect man for the job.
With an immediate need to fill fifteen minutes' more airtime and his wife having accompanied him to the station that night, Ace slipped into an impromptu chat about a bridge game the couple played the previous weekend and invited Jane to join the chat which soon enough included discussion of a local murder case in which a wife murdered her husband over an argument about bridge.
The radio show was popular enough to get to the big screen; in 1934, the couple signed with Educational Pictures for some two-reel comedies.
Previously he and Jane had been part of a series of celebrity guests who filled in for Kaye while he entertained the armed forces troops who were overseas.
Whether writing for himself and Jane or for another performer, Ace's rating system of how well a script would do was based on the number of cigars he smoked while writing it.
One cigar meant the show would do very well, while four cigars meant this program or episode was most likely hopeless.
Unknown to Ace, this resulted in the name of a real person who was publicly embarrassed by the use of his name on the show.
In 1956, both Ace and NBC thought seriously enough about another try for the television series to announce Ernie Kovacs and his wife Edie Adams would play the Aces in a pilot for the show; it is unknown whether the pilot took place.
Ace did have a serious side, too, and he melded it to his sense of the absurd to create a radio show with the twist of taking listeners to re-created historical events described by actual CBS News reporters.
By this time, however, Ace began writing for other performers; Milton Berle, Perry Como, Danny Kaye, Robert Q. Lewis, and Bob Newhart were some who engaged this witty man with a winking inability to take himself too seriously.
This 90-minute variety program was hosted by Tallulah Bankhead and featured a rotating cast that included some of America's and the world's greatest entertainers, including Fred Allen, Groucho Marx, Jimmy Durante, Joan Davis, Bob Hope, Louis Armstrong, George Jessel, Ethel Merman, José Ferrer, Ed Wynn, Lauritz Melchior, Ezio Pinza, Édith Piaf, Ginger Rogers, Ethel Barrymore, Phil Silvers, Benny Goodman, and Danny Thomas.
The show was ripened by Ace's wry style, adapted to Bankhead's diva-blunt style and the differing ways of the various guests who joined in the show.
Benny was inadvertently responsible for a very funny exchange of letters between Ace and the owner of the Stork Club, Sherman Billingsley.
Soon Billingsley's notes began to arrive in Ace's mailbox, inviting him to come to the club for the marvelous air conditioning.
Ace wrote back that he was well aware of how cool it was at the Stork, having received the cold shoulder there.
Ace's reply was to ask Billingsley for some matching socks so he would be well-dressed when he was refused admittance again.
Calling it the best thing he had ever written, but the worst thing he had ever seen after viewing the film, Ace never tried his hand at screenwriting again.
He also held a small regular slot offering witty commentaries on New York station WPAT for a time, before going out over the full National Public Radio network during the 1970s.
Seven episodes were filmed every five days on wobbly sets, with almost no time for rehearsal for either the actors or the technical crew—flubbed lines and bloopers sometimes ended up airing in finished episodes, because the show could not afford retakes.
Note, though, that while Ace had a hand in the modern adaptation of the scripts, neither he nor Jane Ace appeared in it, and neither played any part in the actual production of the series.
Goodman Ace died eight years after his wife, in their New York City home in March 1982; the couple is interred together in a suburb of their native Kansas City.
Whether or not this was a true story or an Ace gag, it was understatedly madcap enough that it could have been true.
Hidalgo is a 2004 epic biographical western film based on the legend of the American distance rider Frank Hopkins and his mustang Hidalgo.
Upon release, the film received mixed reviews and was a box office disappointment, grossing $108 million against budget of $100 million.
Hopkins had been a famous long-distance rider, a cowboy, and a dispatch rider for the United States government; in the latter capacity he carried a message to the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment authorizing the Wounded Knee Massacre of Lakota Sioux.
Chief Eagle Horn, who performs alongside Hopkins, approaches Hopkins and Bill about helping the mustangs (wild horses) that have been rounded up by the US government with the intent to euthanize them to make way for farmland.
Hopkins' opponents try to sabotage him multiple times, such as bribing soldiers who are guarding a well to pretend the well is dry.
To complicate matters, Sheikh Riyadh has promised his daughter, Jazira, his only surviving child, in marriage to the prince riding the Sheikh's horse Al-Hattal, should he win.
Jazira hopes to prevent this by giving Hopkins advice and information to help him win, thereby resulting in greater danger for them both.
Katib, Sheikh Riyadh's outcast brigand nephew, who will stop at nothing to gain control of the al-Khamsa line, raids the race camp looking for Al-Hattal, but the prince rides away with the horse.
Davenport pays Katib to kill Hidalgo and steal Al-Hattal so her mare will win the race and she can breed her with the Sheikh's horse.
For Hopkins the Ocean of Fire becomes not only a matter of pride, honor and survival, but of identity: it emerges that his father was European American while his mother was Lakota Sioux.
As a half-breed he feels sympathy and pity for his mother's people, but does not generally reveal his heritage, especially after the Wounded Knee massacre, for which he feels partly responsible.
It is forbidden to help other rides who are injured or whose horses have succumbed to the harsh conditions, but when Sakr, another rider falls into quicksand, Hopkins drags him out.
Hopkins wins the respect and admiration of the Arabs, and becomes friends with the Sheikh, giving him his revolver as a gift, as the Sheikh is a great admirer of the Wild West and its stories.
As he bids farewell to an unveiled Jazira, she asks him if he is fulfilling the traditional Western tales' ending where the cowboy rides away into the setting sun and calls him Blue Child as she smiles kindly at him and turns to go.
Returning to the United States, Frank uses his winnings to buy the mustangs from the government, therefore saving them from death.
The epilogue states that Hopkins went on to reportedly win 400 long-distance races and was an outspoken supporter for wild mustangs until his death in 1951, while Hidalgo's descendants live free in the wilderness in and around Oklahoma.
Actor Viggo Mortensen, who is fluent in Spanish, voiced his own character (Frank Hopkins) in the Spanish dubs of the film.
Based on Hopkins' account of his mixed-race ancestry, the movie production employed Lakota historians, medicine men, and tribal leaders as consultants to advise during every scene that represented their culture.
Because the Disney Corporation marketed the movie as a true story, some historians criticized the film both because of the legendary status of Hopkins' claims and for the film's divergence from his accounts.
Historians of distance riding said that most of Hopkins' claims as depicted in the film, including the race, have been 'tall tales' or hoaxes.
The film says that descendants of the horse Hidalgo, for which the movie was named, live among the Gilbert Jones herd of Spanish Mustangs on Blackjack Mountain in Oklahoma.
Fusco offered quotes from surviving friends of Hopkins, notably former distance riders Walt and Edith Pyle, and Lt Col William Zimmerman, along with information found in horse history texts, as verification.
Such an event in Arabia any time in the past is impossible simply from a technical, logistical, cultural and geopolitical point of view.
The screenwriter John Fusco bought Oscar, the main stunt horse, and retired him at Red Road Farm, his American Indian horse conservancy.
approval rating from and a 54 from Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 54/100 based on reviews from 36 critics.
It is distinct from syncretism or alternative religion, in that dialogue often involves promoting understanding between different religions or beliefs to increase acceptance of others, rather than to synthesize new beliefs.
Similarly, pluralistic rationalist groups have hosted public reasoning dialogues to transcend all worldviews (whether religious, cultural or political), termed transbelief dialogue.
Throughout the world there are local, regional, national and international interfaith initiatives; many are formally or informally linked and constitute larger networks or federations.
Through the Bahá'í International Community agency, the Bahá'ís also participate at a global level in inter-religious dialogue both through and outside of the United Nations processes.
He has also met the late Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. Robert Runcie, and other leaders of the Anglican Church in London, Gordon B. Hinckley, late President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), as well as senior Eastern Orthodox Church, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, and Sikh officials.
Traditional Christian doctrine is Christocentric, meaning that Christ is held to be the sole full and true revelation of the will of God for humanity.
In a Christocentric view, the elements of truth in other religions are understood in relation to the fullness of truth found in Christ.
For those who support this view, anonymous Christians belong to Christ now and forever and lead a life fit for Jesus' commandment to love, even though they never explicitly understand the meaning of their life in Christian terms.
Pope Benedict XVI took a more moderate and cautious approach, stressing the need for intercultural dialogue, but reasserting Christian theological identity in the revelation of Jesus of Nazareth in a book published with Marcello Pera in 2004.
In traditional Christian doctrine, the value of inter-religious dialogue had been confined to acts of love and understanding toward others either as anonymous Christians or as potential converts.
In mainline liberal Protestant traditions, however, as well as in the emerging church, these doctrinal constraints have largely been cast off.
Many theologians, pastors, and lay people from these traditions do not hold to uniquely Christocentric understandings of how God was in Christ.
They engage deeply in interfaith dialogue as learners, not converters, and desire to celebrate as fully as possible the many paths to God.
It began in the wake of the call of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) of the Roman Catholic Church for increased understanding between Christians and Jews.
The organization has recently moved its center of activity to Spring Hill College, a Catholic Jesuit institution of higher learning located in Mobile.
Reconciliation has been successful on many levels, but has been somewhat complicated by the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East, where a significant minority of Arabs are Christian.
It began with Israel Jacobson, a layman and pioneer in the development of what emerged as Reform Judaism, who established an innovative religious school in Sessen, Germany in 1801 that initially had 40 Jewish and 20 Christian students.
Moravian born Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, who founded the Reform movement in the United States, sought close relations with Christian church leaders.
In the 1950s and 60s, as interfaith civic partnerships between Jews and Christians in the United States became more numerous, especially in the suburbs, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (now the Union for Reform Judaism, URJ) created a department mainly to promote positive Christian-Jewish relations and civic partnerships.
Interests in interfaith relations require an awareness of the range of Jewish views on such subjects as mission and the holy land.
Behold, we have created you from a male and a female and have made you into nations and tribes so that you might come to know one another.
In recent times, Muslim theologians have advocated inter-faith dialogue on a large scale, something which is new in a political sense.
The declaration A Common Word of 2007 was a public first in Christian-Islam relations, trying to work out a moral common ground on many social issues.
In October 2010, as a representative of Shia Islam, Ayatollah Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad, professor at the Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, addressed the Special Assembly for the Middle East of the Synod of Catholic Bishops.
The Ahmadiyya Community has been organising interfaith events locally and nationally in various parts of the world in order to develop a better atmosphere of love and understanding between faiths.
Zoroastrianism has long encouraged interfaith, all the way from Cyrus the Great's speech in Babylon, which permitted the population to keep following their own religion and keep speaking their own language.
Breaking down the walls that divides faiths while respecting the uniqueness of each tradition requires the courageous embrace of all these preconditions.
In 2016, President Obama made two speeches that outlined preconditions for meaningful interfaith dialogue: On February 3, 2016, he spoke at the Islamic Society of Baltimore and on February 4, 2016, at the National Prayer Breakfast.
The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations is an initiative to prevent violence and support social cohesion by promoting intercultural and interfaith dialogue.
The UNAOC was proposed by the President of the Spanish Government, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero at the 59th General Assembly of the United Nations in 2005.
The Republic of the Philippines will host a Special Non-Aligned Movement Ministerial Meeting on Interfaith Dialogue and Cooperation for Peace and Development from March 16 to 18 in Manila.
During the meeting, to be attended by ministers of foreign affairs of the NAM member countries, a declaration in support of interfaith dialogue initiatives will be adopted.
In 2010, HM King Abdullah II addressed the 65th UN General Assembly and proposed the idea for a 'World Interfaith Harmony Week' to further broaden his goals of faith-driven world harmony by extending his call beyond the Muslim and Christian community to include people of all beliefs, those with no set religious beliefs as well.
A few weeks later, HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad presented the proposal to the UN General Assembly, where it was adopted unanimously as a UN Observance Event.
The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre released a document which summarises the key events leading up to the UN resolution as well as documenting some Letters of Support and Events held in honour of the week.
The Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir rejects the concept of interfaith dialogue, stating that it is a western tool to enforce non-Islamic policies in the Islamic world.
Many Traditionalist Catholics, not merely Sedevacantists or the Society of St. Pius X, are critical of interfaith dialogue as a harmful novelty arising after the Second Vatican Council, which is said to have altered the previous notion of the Catholic Church's supremacy over other religious groups or bodies, as well as demoted traditional practices associated with traditional Roman Catholicism.
In addition, these Catholics contend that, for the sake of collegial peace, tolerance and mutual understanding, interreligious dialogue devalues the divinity of Jesus Christ and the revelation of the Triune God by placing Christianity on the same footing as other religions that worship other deities.
The example he gave was that of a dialogue with imams who legitimate ISIS, saying such discussions ought to be avoided so as not to legitimate a morally repugnant theology.
Some critics of interfaith dialogue may not object to dialogue itself, but instead are critical of specific events claiming to carry on the dialogue.
For example, the French Algerian prelate Pierre Claverie was at times critical of formal inter-religious conferences between Christians and Muslims which he felt remained too basic and surface-level.
He shunned those meetings since he believed them to be generators of slogans and for the glossing over of theological differences.
Man on Fire is a 2004 British-American action thriller film directed by Tony Scott from a screenplay by Brian Helgeland, and based on the 1980 novel of the same name by A. J. Quinnell.
In 2003, former U.S. Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance officer John Creasy visits his old comrade Paul Rayburn, who runs a security firm in Mexico.
He distances himself from Pita, but soon begins to bond with the kind and astute girl and subsequently starts working to control his drinking, having found renewed purpose in life.
One day, when Creasy waits for Pita outside her piano lesson, a group of thugs and two uniformed Policía Judicial Federal (PJF) officers kidnap her.
Creasy kills four of the kidnappers, including the PJF officers, but collapses from multiple gunshot wounds as the abductors escape with Pita.
Miguel Manzano, the honest Director of the Agencia Federal de Investigación (AFI) fears Creasy will be killed by the PJF, and has Rayburn move him to a veterinary hospital.
Samuel's attorney Jordan Kalfus and PJF Lieutenant Fuentes gather the ransom through the K&R policy, then deliver it to the kidnappers.
When Creasy wakes in the veterinary hospital, and learns from Rayburn about Pita's death, he leaves to start his own investigation.
Looking through her notebook for a suspicious license plate she once recorded, Lisa appears and approves of his intention to kill everyone involved.
Fuentes confirms that his men stole the money, but that the bags were missing $7.5 million of the ransom, which was last handled by lawyer Kalfus.
When he confronts the Ramoses, Samuel confesses that he agreed to Kalfus' plan to work with The Voice to stage Pita's kidnapping.
He took $5 million to pay off gambling debts inherited from his father, splitting the rest between Kalfus and the Voice.
An enraged Lisa demands that Creasy kill Samuel; Creasy instead leaves Samuel with a pistol and the misfired round, which Samuel uses to commit suicide.
Creasy threatens to kill all of Daniel's family unless he gives himself up, but Daniel surprisingly offers to exchange Pita for Creasy himself.
Creasy and Pita embrace and briefly talk, then he makes her run to Lisa, who releases Aurelio while Creasy surrenders to the kidnappers.
Tony Scott, the film’s director, had tried to adapt the 1980 source novel, by A. J. Quinnell, into a film in 1983.
When a remake was first under consideration, producer Arnon Milchan (who also produced the 1987 version) looked at Michael Bay and Antoine Fuqua to direct, before asking Scott if he was still interested.
An early draft of the script was set in Naples, with early reporting suggesting that the Mexico City filming was an odd stand in for Naples.
Scott argued that if the setting would be Italy, then the film would have to be a period piece, since by the 2000s kidnappings became a rare occurrence in Italy.
Mexico City became the setting of the 2004 film because Mexico City had a high kidnapping rate, and due to other reasons.
The film's widest release was 2,986 theaters and it ended up earning $77,911,774 in North America and $52,381,940 internationally for a total of $130,293,714 worldwide, above its $70 million production budget.
The film was successful in the U.S. home video market, grossing more than $123 million in DVD and VHS rentals and sales in U.S.
The film received mixed reviews from critics and has a rating of 39% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 168 reviews with an average rating of 5.2 out of 10.
South Georgia () is an island in the southern Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
It is about 830 km (520 mi) northeast of Coronation Island and 550 km (340 mi) northwest from Zavodovski Island, the nearest South Sandwich island.
The island is home to the South Georgia Pintail and the South Georgia Pipit, the only known habitat for these birds.
The island's topography includes a stepped sequence of flat surfaces interpreted as wave-cut platforms formed when sea level was higher relative to the island.
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE () is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil.
IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.
161 on February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.
Also in Rio de Janeiro are five boards and a school: Executive Directors (ED), Directorate of Research (DPE), Department of Geosciences (DGC), Department of Informatics (DI), Center for Documentation and Information Dissemination (CDDI) and the National School of Statistical Sciences.
The Directorate of Research is responsible for planning and coordinating the research of nature and processing of statistical data collected by the state units; the Department of Geosciences is responsible for basic cartography, the national geodetic system, with a survey of natural resources and environment and by survey and geographical studies.
Gives an overview of the economy and describes the phenomena of economic life: production, consumption and wealth accumulation, providing a comprehensive and simplified representation of these data.
Two series of index numbers are calculated: the basis of the previous year and chained with reference to 1990 (1990 = 100).
The IBGE survey was started in 1988 and restructured after 1998, when their results were integrated into the current System of National Accounts.
5878 of May 11, 1978, deals with the obligation and confidentiality of information collected by IBGE, which is intended exclusively for statistical purposes and has no legal value, not being usable as evidence or proof.
Failure to provide information within the specified deadlines, or providing false information is a crime subject to a fine, initially, of up to 10 times the highest minimum wage in the country, and up to twice this limit on later occasions.
The IBGE performs various kinds of censuses, although the best known is the population census (statistics on the population of the country).
In Brazil, the population censuses are conducted every 10 years solely by the IBGE, as this is the body established by law as responsible for their production.
The population count is made between the interval between two censuses, usually five years after the last five or before the next .
The first population count was conducted in 1996, not only to update population data, but also to get municipality level data after the emergence and redefinition of new municipalities after the 1500 Population Census of 1991.
After the census conducted in 2000, the IBGE population count conducted in 2007 which aimed to update the population estimates, but also incorporated the demographic changes occurring in the territory since the last survey of reference.
The population count is of great importance to Brazil's cities, because the annual grant of funds from the Municipalities Participation Fund is determined mainly by the estimates of population variation provided by IBGE, which directly influence the calculation of the coefficients used to transfer the fund to the municipalities.
The goal of this research is to update previous census data and to provide information about economic, social, and environmental farming.
The 2017 agricultural census returned to a survey period based on crop harvests, and was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017, with results released in 2018.
The middle finger, long finger, or tall finger is the third digit of the human hand, located between the index finger and the ring finger.
The film stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz, who reprise their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona.
The lead actors also received a significant bump in salary to $10 million, which at the time was among the highest contracts in their respective careers.
It scored the second-largest, three-day opening weekend in U.S. history and the largest opening for an animated film at the time of its release.
Newlyweds Shrek and Fiona return from their honeymoon to find they have been invited by Fiona's parents to a royal ball to celebrate their marriage.
Shrek refuses to go at first, but Fiona talks him into it, and along with Donkey, they travel to the kingdom of Far Far Away.
They meet Fiona's parents, King Harold and Queen Lillian, who are shocked to see both their daughter and son-in-law are ogres, with Harold particularly repulsed.
At dinner, Shrek and Harold get into a heated argument over how Shrek and Fiona will raise their family, and Fiona, disgusted at Shrek and Harold's behavior, locks herself away in her room that evening.
Shrek worries that he has lost his true love, particularly after finding her childhood diary and reading that she was once infatuated with Prince Charming.
Harold is reprimanded by the Fairy Godmother and her son Prince Charming by reminding him that Charming was to marry Fiona in exchange for his own happy ending.
Harold arranges for Shrek and Donkey to join him on a fictitious hunting trip, which is actually a trap to lure them into the hands of an assassin, Puss in Boots.
Shrek and Donkey both drink the potion and fall into a deep sleep, awakening the next morning to discover its effects: Shrek is now a handsome man while Donkey has turned into an elegant white stallion.
Shrek, Donkey, and Puss return to the castle to discover that the potion has transformed Fiona back into her former human self as well.
However, the Fairy Godmother, having discovered the potion's theft, intercepts Shrek and sends Charming to pose as him and win Fiona's love.
At the Fairy Godmother's urging, Shrek leaves the castle, believing that the best way to make Fiona happy is to let her go.
To ensure that Fiona falls in love with Charming, the Fairy Godmother gives Harold a love potion to put into Fiona's tea.
This exchange is overheard by Shrek, Donkey, and Puss, who are arrested by the royal guards and thrown into a dungeon.
While the royal ball begins, several of Shrek's friends band together to free the trio with the help of The Muffin Man's monster-sized gingerbread man, which breaks through the castle's defenses.
Shrek is too late to prevent Charming from kissing Fiona, but instead of falling in love with Charming, Fiona knocks him out with a headbutt.
In the ensuing melee, Harold sacrifices himself to save Shrek; his armor ricochets a spell cast by the Fairy Godmother which disintegrates her, and Harold is turned back into the Frog Prince, his true form.
Harold gives his blessing to the marriage and apologizes for his earlier behavior, admitting his use of the Happily Ever After potion years earlier to gain Lillian's love.
As the clock strikes midnight, Fiona rejects Shrek's offer to remain humans, and they happily let the potion's effects wear off and revert to their ogre forms, while Donkey changes back to his natural form as well.
In the mid-credits scene, Dragon, who had previously romanced Donkey, reveals that they now have several dragon-donkey hybrid babies, much to his surprise.
The screenwriters for the first film, Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, insisted the film to be a traditional fairytale, but after disagreements with the producers, they left the project and were replaced by director Andrew Adamson.
Puss in Boots required a whole new set of tools in the film to handle his fur, belt and feather plume in his hat.
Other than that there are my own influences, which are classical paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries, but those are not as direct.
In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation from Paramount Pictures (owners of the pre-2005 DreamWorks Pictures catalog) and transferred to 20th Century Fox before reverting to Universal Studios in 2018.
A 3D-converted version of the film was released exclusively with select Samsung television sets on Blu-ray on December 1, 2010, along with the other three films of the series.
The DVD release features two full-length commentary tracks, one by co-directors Conrad Vernon and Kelly Asbury, and a second by producer Aron Warner and editor Michael Andrews.
At the end of the VHS release, it gives a link to a website where the viewer can vote for their favorite to determine the ultimate winner.
DreamWorks Animation announced on November 8, 2004, three days after the DVD and VHS release, that after over 750,000 votes cast, the winner of the competition was Doris.
The film opened at #1 with a Friday-to-Sunday total of $108 million, and $129 million since its Wednesday launch, from a then-record 4,163 theaters, for an average of $25,952 per theater over the weekend.
It spent ten weeks in the weekly Top 10, remaining there until July 29, and stayed in theaters for 149 days (roughly twenty-one weeks), closing on November 25, 2004.
The film grossed $441.2 million domestically (US and Canada) and $478.6 million in foreign markets for a total of $919.8 milion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of both 2004 and in its franchise.
This also puts the film at 14th on the all-time domestic box office list and 42nd on the worldwide box office list.
On film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 89% based on 236 reviews with an average rating of 7.68/10.
On November 6, 2018, it was reported by Variety that Chris Meledandri had been tasked to reboot both Shrek and Puss in Boots, with the original cast potentially returning.
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete bipartite graph or biclique is a special kind of bipartite graph where every vertex of the first set is connected to every vertex of the second set.
However, drawings of complete bipartite graphs were already printed as early as 1669, in connection with an edition of the works of Ramon Llull edited by Athanasius Kircher.
Maxwell has also been described as a composite of Doris Day, Mary Tyler Moore, Auntie Mame, That Girl, and Donna Reed; the character came to prominence in the late '90s as the host of her eponymous television show on public access in Manhattan, and later on the national cable television Style Network.
The pilot for the original cable access show debuted on Manhattan Neighborhood Network on January 1, 1998, and aired for five years featuring tips, recipes, entertaining ideas, craft projects, home renovation and interior design schemes.
Location shoots for the season were taped over a period of six months in New York City, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas.
In 1980 Peter Sander received a Pell grant and moved the family to Cleveland, OH, where he acted as a Dramaturge for The Cleveland Play House.
In 1983 Peter took a job with The University of Missouri in Kansas City where Ben attended Center Senior High School.
Ben performed in high school theatrical productions, but eventually forsook the stage for the costume room becoming the costume designer during his senior year, using his extensive collection of vintage clothing as costumes for the productions that year.
In 1988 the family again moved; this time to Hempstead, Long Island, where his father had been hired as the chair for the theater department of Hofstra University.
After four years of study, Sander graduated in 1993, and obtained a job at moderate dress house, BGB as an assistant designer.
His job was making patterns for the samples; the company reorganized nine months after he was hired and he was let go.
The , supervised by the of the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs, was the largest wholesale fish and seafood market in the world.
The market opened on 11 February 1935 as a replacement for an older market that was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.
As one of popular sites in Tokyo, the market was located in Tsukiji in central Tokyo between the Sumida River and the upmarket Ginza shopping district.
After the inner wholesale market closed, the outer retail market, restaurants, and associated restaurant supply stores remain operational and the area is still a major tourist attraction for both domestic and overseas visitors.
The market is located near the Tsukijishijō Station on the Toei Ōedo Line and Tsukiji Station on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line.
In the inner market visitors were only allowed in by 10.00 am (11.00 pm by the time the market was moved), by which time the activity in the market had reduced significantly or almost ceased.
A small number of visitors however were allowed into the inner market in the early morning to see the tuna auction.
The land on which the fish market sat was created during the Edo period by the Tokugawa shogunate after the Great fire of Meireki of 1657.
The first fish market in Tokyo was originally located in the Nihonbashi district, next to the Nihonbashi bridge that gave the area its name.
The area was one of the earliest places to be settled when Edo (as Tokyo was known until the 1870s) was made the capital by Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the market provided food for the Edo castle built on a nearby hill.
The Tokyo government, which already had plans to relocate the market due to its unsanitary conditions considered unsuitable for an area that had developed into a business center, then took the opportunity to move the market to the Tsukiji district.
Following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake architects and engineers from the Architectural Section of Tokyo Municipal Government were sent to Europe and America to do research for the new market.
However, because of the sheer size of the market and the number of items traded they were forced to come up with their own unique design.
The quarter circular shape allowed easier access and handling for freight trains and the steel structure above allowed a wide, continuous space free from columns and subdivisions.
The relocation of the market would be one of the biggest reconstruction projects in Tokyo after the earthquake, taking over six years involving 419,500 workers.
After the modern market facility was completed in 1935, the fish market in Tsukiji began operations under the provisions of the 1923 Central Wholesale Market Law, along with two other major markets in Kanda and Koto.
Tsukiji was part Tokyo Metropolitan Government's system of wholesale markets that included more than a dozen major and branch markets, handling seafood, produce, meat, and cut flowers.
The long-anticipated move to the new Toyosu Market (豊洲市場) was scheduled to take place in November 2016, in preparation for the 2020 Summer Olympics, but on August 31, 2016, the move was postponed.
After the new site had been declared safe following a cleanup operation, the opening date of the new market was set for 11 October 2018.
Tsukiji market closed on 6 October 2018, with the businesses of the inner market relocated to the new Toyosu Market between 6 and 11 October.
The former market will be used temporarily for as a hub for transport vehicles during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, after which it will developed into a complex with a convention center, hotels, and other facilities by the 2040s.
The market handled more than 480 different kinds of seafood as well as 270 types of other produce, ranging from cheap seaweed to the most expensive caviar, and from tiny sardines to 300 kg tuna and controversial whale species.
Overall, more than 700,000 metric tons of seafood are handled every year at the three seafood markets in Tokyo, with a total value in excess of 600 billion yen (approximately 5.4 billion US dollars on August 28, 2018).
There were around 900 licensed dealers at the market, and the number of registered employees varied from 60,000 to 65,000, including wholesalers, accountants, auctioneers, company officials, and distributors.
The market opened most mornings (except Sundays, holidays and some Wednesdays) at 3:00 a.m. with the arrival of the products by ship, truck and plane from all over the world.
The buyers (licensed to participate in the auctions) also inspected the fish to discern which they would like to bid for and at what price.
Afterward, the purchased fish was either loaded onto trucks to be shipped to the next destination or on small carts and moved to the many shops inside the market.
Tourists visited the market daily between 5 a.m. and 6:15 a.m. and watched the proceedings from a designated area, except during periods when it was closed to the public.
Because of an increase in sightseers and the associated problems they cause, the market banned all tourists from the tuna auctions on several occasions, including from 15 December 2008 through 17 January 2009, 10 December 2009 through 23 January 2010, and 8 April 2010 through 10 May 2010.
After the latest ban that ended in May 2010, the tuna auctions were re-opened to the public with a maximum limit of 120 visitors per day on a first-come, first-served basis.
Visitor entry into the interior wholesale markets is prohibited until after 11 AM.. Due to the March 2011 earthquakes all tourists were banned from viewing the tuna auctions till 26 July 2011, from which date it was reopened.
Fort George National Historic Site is a historic military structure at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, which was the scene of several battles during the War of 1812.
The fort consists of earthworks and palisades, along with internal structures, including an officer's quarters, blockhouses to accommodate other ranks and their families, and a stone powder magazine, which is the only original building on the site.
Opposite the fort, across the Niagara River, stands Fort Niagara in New York, which can be seen from Fort George's ramparts.
Construction for the new fort took place from 1796 to 1799, and became the regional headquarters for the British Army and the Canadian Militia.
Major General Sir Isaac Brock of the British Army served here during the early stages of the war, until he was killed in the Battle of Queenston Heights on October 13, 1812, while trying to regain the heights.
During the Battle of Fort George the fort was taken by American forces in May 1813 after a two-day bombardment by cannon from Fort Niagara and the American Fleet, followed by a fierce battle.
The fort was retaken by the British Army in December 1813 after U.S. forces abandoned the British side of the river.
The fortification was used by the Canadian Army as a military training base during the First World War and through the Second World War under the name Camp Niagara.
It is a National Historic Site of Canada, maintained by Parks Canada with operating hours varying as appropriate to the season.
The staff maintains the image of the fort as it was during the early 19th century, with period costumes, exhibits, and displays of that time.
They also have the 41st Fife and Drum Corps which provides an example of how the fife and drums were used.
Reenactors from both the United States and Canada meet on and near the grounds of the fort and reenact the battle that took place in May 1813.
The grounds surrounding the fort and the commons adjacent to the fort provided the site for the 8th World Scout Jamboree held in August 1955.
The museum is affiliated with: Canadian Museums Association, Canadian Heritage Information Network, and Virtual Museum of Canada and also the Upper Canada heritage center.
The European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, better known under the name Europol, formerly the European Police Office and Europol Drugs Unit, is the law enforcement agency of the European Union (EU) formed in 1998 to handle criminal intelligence and combat serious international organised crime and terrorism through cooperation between competent authorities of EU member states.
The Agency has no executive powers, and its officials are not entitled to arrest suspects or act without prior approval from competent authorities in the member states.
Europol has its origins in TREVI, a forum for security cooperation created amongst European Community interior and justice ministers in 1976.
At the European Summit in Luxembourg on 28–29 June 1991, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl called for the creation of a European police agency similar to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)—thus sowing the seeds of police co-operation across Europe.
The idea of the Luxembourg Summit was further elaborated at the European Council in Maastricht on 9–10 December 1991, a meeting to draft the Maastricht Treaty.
The small initial group started operations there in January 1994 under the leadership of Jürgen Storbeck and with a mandate to assist national police forces in criminal investigations.
The competition for the permanent site of Europol during the period was between The Hague, Rome and Strasbourg—the European Council decided on 29 October 1993 that Europol should be established in The Hague.
The house was used in World War II by police and intelligence agencies and after the War manned by the Dutch State Intelligence Service until Europol relocated there later in 1994.
The Europol Convention was signed on 26 July 1995 in Brussels and came into force on 1 October 1998 after being ratified by all the Member States.
subject to the general rules and procedures applicable to all EU agencies) on 1 January 2010 due to different aspirations, such as enhanced support to Member States on countering serious and organised crime, budgetary control by the European Parliament, and administrative simplification.
The Agency's new 32 000 m headquarters building, designed by Frank Wintermans, was opened by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands on 1 July 2011 in the international zone of The Hague next to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) at Eisenhowerlaan 73.
The purpose of the Centre is to coordinate cross-border law enforcement activities against cybercrime and act as a centre of technological expertise, such as tool development and training.
On 25 January 2016, the European Counter Terrorism Centre (ECTC) was launched as a new strategic platform within Europol to share information among EU states in tracking movements of Europeans into and from Syria as well as to monitor terrorists' finances and militants' Internet usage.
When the UK exercised its opt-out from the area of freedom, security and justice in 2014, its request to continue participating in Europol was approved.
The European Parliament approved Europol's new legal framework, Regulation (EU) 2016/794, on 11 May 2016 after three years of negotiations and thus repealed the former Decisions of 2009.
The new framework granted additional powers on counter-terrorism to Europol, but also includes adding training and exchange programmes for staff, creating a solid data protection system, and strengthening the Parliament's control over the Agency.
Denmark was not permitted to participate in the 2016 recast Europol Regulation due to its opt-out from the Area of freedom, security and justice.
In a December 2015 referendum it rejected converting its opt-out to a case-by-case opt-in, which would have allowed it to participate in the new regulation and remain a member of Europol.
The agreement was accepted by both the European Parliament and the Danish Parliament on 27 April 2017 and subsequently signed on 29 April 2017—two days before Denmark would have been cut off from the Agency.
The UK also did not originally participate in the recast 2016 Europol Regulation, but subsequently notified the EU of its desire to participate in December 2016.
In September 2017, it was reported that the United Kingdom was planning to hold onto Europol access, such as intelligence sharing and co-operation in fighting crime and terrorism, after Brexit though a new treaty.
The site's objective is to display objects in child sexual abuse images to try to find the perpetrators and victims — in the hope that distinct details, such as a logo on a bag or a shampoo bottle, can be identified by the public who can then forward the information by an anonymous tip-off or social media.
Europol is mandated by the European Union (EU) to assist EU Member States in the fight against international crime, such as illicit drugs, trafficking in human beings, intellectual property crime, cybercrime, euro counterfeiting and terrorism, by serving as a centre for law enforcement co-operation, expertise and criminal intelligence.
Europol or its officials do not have executive powers — and therefore they do not have powers of arrest and cannot carry out investigations without the approval of national authorities.
Europol reported it would focus on countering cybercrime, organized crime, and terrorism as well as on building its information technology capacities during the 2016–2020 strategy cycle, .
Europol likewise stated that the previous strategy cycle of 2010–2014 laid the foundation for the Agency as the European criminal information hub.
The EU Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA) of 2017 identified eight priority crime areas: cybercrime; drug production, trafficking and distribution; migrant smuggling; organised property crime; trafficking in human beings; criminal finances and money laundering; document fraud; and online trade in illicit goods and services.
Additionally, the Agency's tasked activities in detail include analysis and exchange information, such as criminal intelligence; co-ordination of investigative and operational action as well as joint investigation teams; preparation of threat assessments, strategic and operational analyses and general situation reports; and developing specialist knowledge of crime prevention and forensic methods.
Europol is to coordinate and support other EU bodies established within the area of freedom, security and justice, such as the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL), the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), and EU crisis management missions.
As of December 2016, Europol has 1065 staff, of which 32.3% are female and 67.7% male, including employment contracts with Europol, liaison officers from Member States and third states and organisations, Seconded National Experts, trainees and contractors.
The Council forwards an annual special report to the European Parliament on the work of the Agency — and the Parliament also discharges Europol from its responsibility for managing a set budget.
The Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Group (JPSG) was created at the EU Speakers Conference in Bratislava on 23–25 April 2017 to allow both the European Parliament and national EU parliaments to exert control over Europol.
The Europol Management Board comprises representatives from all of the Member States and from the European Commission, each having one vote.
Decisions of the Board require a supermajority and it meets at least twice per year on Europol's current and future activities as well as on adopting the budget, programming material and general annual reports.
External financial oversight of the Agency is conducted by the European Court of Auditors (ECA); for example, ECA evaluated Europol in 2017 on anti-radicalization programmes.
Internal control is carried out by the Internal Audit Service of the European Commission as well as by the Europol Management Board-appointed Internal Audit Function.
The European Ombudsman is tasked with investigating complaints against EU institutions and bodies, including Europol, as well as assisting to create a more transparent, effective, accountable and ethical administration.
As of 1 May 2017, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) has been responsible for supervising the Agency's data protection measures.
As of September 2017, Europol co-operates on an operational basis with Albania, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Denmark, Colombia, Georgia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine and United States of America and Interpol.
Similarly, the Agency has strategic agreements with Brazil, China, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and World Customs Organization (WCO).
All of these albums have produced 65 singles, 25 of which have reached number 1 on the Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay charts.
He has also won three Grammy Awards, 14 Academy of Country Music awards, 11 Country Music Association (CMA) awards, 10 American Music Awards, and three People's Choice Awards.
His Soul2Soul II Tour is one of the highest-grossing tours in country music history, and one of the top 5 among all genres of music.
In acknowledgement of his grandfather's Italian heritage, McGraw was honored by the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) in 2004, receiving the NIAF Special Achievement Award in Music during the Foundation's 29th Anniversary Gala.
McGraw is of Italian and Irish descent on his mother's side, and has Irish, English, Scottish, Swiss, Dutch, Czech, and German ancestry on his father's side.
Raised in the Louisiana towns of Delhi and Richland Parish, McGraw grew up believing his stepfather, Horace Smith, was his father and until he met his biological father, McGraw's last name was Smith.
At age 11, McGraw discovered his birth certificate while searching in his mother's closet to look for a picture for a school project.
Following the discovery, McGraw learned from his mother who his biological father was and she took him to meet the elder McGraw for the first time.
As a child, McGraw played competitive sports, including baseball, even before the knowledge of who his father was and his professional baseball career.
Following high school graduation, he attended Northeast Louisiana University on a baseball scholarship and pledged as a member of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.
In 1989, on the day his hero Keith Whitley died, McGraw dropped out of college to head to Nashville and pursue a musical career.
A man who was friends with Curb Records executives heard the demo while driving with Tug one day and recommended that Curb contact the young singer.
Several weeks later, he was able to play his tape for Curb executives, after which they signed him to a recording contract.
However, the controversy helped spur sales, and the song became McGraw's first Top 10 hit on the U.S. country charts after getting as high as number 8.
On the strength of this success, McGraw won Academy of Country Music awards for Album of the Year and Top New Male Vocalist in 1994.
In 1996, McGraw headlined the most successful country tour of the year, The Spontaneous Combustion Tour, with Faith Hill as his supporting act.
Hill broke off her engagement to her former producer Scott Hendricks so that she and McGraw could start dating each other; they then married on October 6, 1996.
In the latter half of the year, he and Hill went out on the Soul2Soul Tour, playing to sellout crowds in 64 venues, including Madison Square Garden.
While in Buffalo, New York, McGraw and Kenny Chesney became involved in a scuffle with police officers after Chesney attempted to ride a police horse.
During a concert with the George Strait Country Music Festival several weeks later, Hill, dressed as a police officer, made an unscheduled appearance at the end of McGraw's set and led him off the stage.
The song was played extensively on radio, becoming the first country song to appear on the charts from a fully downloaded version.
Unlike rock music — where it is commonplace for touring bands to provide the music on albums recorded by the artist they support, country albums are typically recorded with session musicians.
The album's first single and its title track was dedicated to his father Tug McGraw, who died of a brain tumor earlier in the year, was an ode to living life fully and in the moment.
It also became one of the most awarded records by winning ACM Single and Song of the Year, CMA Single and Song of the Year, and a Grammy.
Later in the year, McGraw became a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats when majority owner Bud Adams (owner of the NFL's Tennessee Titans) was awarded the expansion franchise.
The tour grossed roughly $89 million and sold approximately 1.1 million tickets, making it the top-grossing tour in the history of country music.
In a special gesture, the couple donated all of the profits from their performance in New Orleans to Hurricane Katrina relief.
Although the official single version features only Lawrence's vocals, many stations have opted to play the version with McGraw and Chesney instead.
On January 2, 2011, McGraw announced plans for his Emotional Traffic Tour featuring opening acts Luke Bryan and The Band Perry.
Sirius XM announced on March 30, 2011 that they would be launching Tim McGraw radio, a commercial-free music channel devoted to McGraw's music, and featuring an in depth interview with McGraw as well.
Several days later, McGraw filed a counter suit against the label seeking advance payment and recording-fund reimbursement, unspecified damages, and a jury trial.
In November 2011, a judge granted McGraw permission to record music for another label, ending his relationship with Curb Records that began in 1990.
On October 4, 2016, during a show at the Ryman Auditorium, McGraw and Hill announced that they would be going back on the road together again on the .
The tour began on April 7, 2017, in New Orleans and will continue into 2018, incorporating the festival held in the UK and Ireland throughout March 2018.
Prior to the commencement of the tour it was reported that McGraw, alongside Hill, had signed a new deal with Sony Music Nashville.
The signing also indicated the release of a duet album between the couple, and that multiple solo recordings would be produced.
McGraw and Gallimore also produced the only album released by The Clark Family Experience in 2000, and Halfway to Hazard's 2007 self-titled debut album.
The movie went on to gross over $60 million worldwide at the box office, and sold millions in the DVD market.
The movie proved to be another success in the DVD market, and has sold over a million copies, debuting at No.
McGraw played a bitter, angered widower whose wife was killed in the terrorist attack that is the centerpiece of the movie.
It began as a charity softball game to raise money for hometown little league programs; the event now includes a celebrity softball game and a multi-artist concert that attracts over 11,000 fans per year.
The combined events have funded new Little League parks and equipment, and have established college scholarship funds for students in the northeast Louisiana area.
From 1996 to 1999, McGraw hosted an annual New Year's Eve concert in Nashville with special guests including Jeff Foxworthy, the Dixie Chicks, and Martina McBride.
Beginning in 1999, McGraw would pick select cities on each tour, and the night before he was scheduled to perform, would choose a local club and host a quickly-organized show.
He supports the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center, the David Foster Foundation, which helps families of children in need of organ transplants, and Musicians on Call, which brings music to hospital patients' bedsides.
Hill and McGraw gave the Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society $375,000 (the entire gate receipts from one of their concerts) to assist the families of 17 sailors following the terrorist attack on , the guided missile destroyer that suffered significant damage in the Gulf of Aden, Yemen on October 12, 2000.
Later in the year, the couple established the Neighbor's Keeper Foundation, which provides funding for community charities to assist with basic humanitarian services, in the event of a natural disaster, or for desperate personal circumstances.
McGraw is also a member of the American Red Cross National Celebrity Cabinet, to which various celebrities donate their time, skills, and fame, to help the Red Cross highlight important initiatives and response efforts.
The Brett Favre Fourward Foundation has featured McGraw performing concerts during dinners and auctions that benefit children with disabilities in Wisconsin and Mississippi.
On July 12, 2007, it was made public that McGraw while in Grand Rapids, Michigan for a performance, donated $5,000 to Kailey Kozminski, 3-year-old daughter of Officer Robert Kozminski, a Grand Rapids police officer who was killed on July 8, 2007, while responding to a domestic disturbance.
The importance of tack is that it is not so excessive that it doesn't allow effective transfer from the rollers to the plate and then to the blanket and onto the substrate being printed.
Inks with too much tack can cause the surface of the paper to pick off and interfere with transfer on subsequent printing units and copies.
The award recognizes the work of communities in using inclusive civic engagement to address critical issues and create stronger connections among residents, businesses and nonprofit and government leaders.
The award is open to all American communities ranging from major cities and regions to towns, villages, counties, neighborhoods and tribes.
Representatives from the finalist communities then travel to Denver to present the story of their work and their community to a jury of national experts.
They are: Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (a wooden comb for the hair), Kara (an iron bracelet), Kachera (100% cotton tieable undergarment) (not an elastic one) and Kirpan (an iron dagger large enough to defend oneself).
The Sikhs were commanded by Guru Gobind Singh at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar in 1699 to wear an iron bracelet called a Kara at all times.
The Kesh also known as Kesa, or uncut, long hair, is considered by Sikhs as an indispensable part of the human body.
Long known as a sign of spiritual devotion, it also emulates the appearance of Guru Gobind Singh and is one of the primary signs by which a Sikh can be clearly and quickly identified.
The turban is a spiritual crown, which is a constant reminder to the Sikh that they are sitting on the throne of consciousness and are committed to living according to Sikh principles.
A noted figure in Sikh history is Bhai Taru Singh, who was martyred when he refused to get his Kesh cut.
The comb keeps the hair tidy, a symbol of not just accepting what God has given, but also an injunction to maintain it with grace.
The Guru Granth Sahib said hair should be allowed to grow naturally; this precludes any shaving for both men and women.
The Guru said that this was not right; that hair should be allowed to grow but it should be kept clean and combed at least twice a day.
The Sikhs were commanded by Guru Gobind Singh at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar in 1699 to wear an iron bracelet called a Kara at all times.
The Kara is a constant reminder to always remember that whatever a person does with their hands has to be in keeping with the advice given by the Guru.
Originally, the Kachera was made part of the five Ks as a symbol of a Sikh soldier's willingness to be ready at a moment's notice for battle or for defence.
Some go to the extent of wearing a Kacheraye while bathing, to be ready to at a moment's notice, changing into the new one a single leg at a time, so as to have no moment where they are unprepared.
Further, this garment allowed the Sikh soldier to operate in combat freely and without any hindrance or restriction, because it was easy to fabricate, maintain, wash and carry compared to other traditional under-garments of that era, like the dhoti.
The Kachera symbolises self-respect, and always reminds the wearer of mental control over lust, one of the Five Evils in Sikh philosophy.
It features an embedded string that circles the waist which can be tightened or loosened as desired, and then knotted securely.
The Kachera can be classed between underwear and an outer garment, as in appearance it does not reveal private anatomy, and looks and wears like shorts.
As with all of the Five Ks, there is equality between men and women, and so women are also expected to wear it.
Considering the hot climate in India, the Kachera is often worn by men as an outer garment, keeping the wearer cool and being practical in manual work such as farming, but it is generally not considered respectful for women to wear the Kachera as an outer garment (on its own) as it is considered too revealing.
All Sikhs should wear kirpan on their body at all times as a defensive side-arm, just as a police officer is expected to wear a side-arm when on duty.
The kirpan is kept sharp and is actually used to defend others, such as those who are oppressed by harsh rulers, women who are raped in the streets, or a person who was being robbed or beaten.
It is the duty of the true Sikh to help those who suffer unjustly, by whatever means available, whether that means alerting the police, summoning help, or literally defending those who cannot defend themselves, even if that means putting oneself in harm's way.
The Labrador Party (or New Labrador Party) was the name of two political parties in Newfoundland advocating the interests of the region of Labrador, Canada.
The party was founded in 1969, by Tom Burgess, a disaffected former Liberal MHA who crossed the floor to become an independent when he was passed over for a cabinet seat.
He was re-elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from Labrador West in the 1971 provincial election under the New Labrador Party banner.
Burgess initially indicated that he would support the opposition Progressive Conservative Party's bid to form a government and unseat Premier Joey Smallwood's Liberals but, days after Conservative leader Frank Moores was sworn in as Premier, Burgess was enticed to rejoin the Liberals under the false promise that he would succeed Joey Smallwood as Liberal leader and Premier.
His defection and that of a Progressive Conservative MHA was enough to bring down the Moores government and force an election; however, Burgess lost his seat and Moores formed a majority Conservative government.
Mike Martin won a seat for the party in a 1972 by-election in Labrador South, but the MHA retired prior to the 1975 election, and the party was dissolved.
Feelings among Labradorians that the region has been neglected by the Newfoundland and Labrador government led to the party's refounding in 2003 with Ern Condon as leader.
The party nominated candidates in each of Labrador's four ridings in that year's election, with the hope of holding the balance of power in the House of Assembly and being able to trade political support for more services and attention to Labrador.
The party failed to win any seats, though Brandon Pardy came in second in Lake Melville with 32% of the vote.
The party chose Ron Barron, the Deputy Mayor of Wabush, as the party leader in preparation for the next provincial election.
In a by-election for the riding of Labrador West held on March 13, 2007, Labrador Party candidate Ron Barron came in third, winning 670 of a total of just over 4000 votes cast.
In the fall election in 2007, the Labrador Party decided not to run candidates in each of Labrador's four ridings so the vote between parties opposed to the Progressive Conservatives would not get split.
As of September 30, 2010, the area had an estimated population of 6,382 and a density of 71.28 persons per km².
But on January 22, 2007, Takebe, along with town of Seto (from Akaiwa District), was merged into the expanded city of Okayama.
On October 1, 2004, Kamogawa, along with the town of Kayō (from Jōbō District), was merged to create the town of Kibichūō (in the newly created Kaga District).
On January 22, 2007, Seto, along with town of Takebe (from Mitsu District), was merged into the expanded city of Okayama.
On March 7, 2005, San'yō, along with the towns of Akasaka, Kumayama and Yoshii (all from Akaiwa District), were merged to create the city of Akaiwa.
On March 7, 2005, Akasaka, along with the towns of Kumayama, San'yō and Yoshii (all from Akaiwa District), were merged to create the city of Akaiwa.
On March 7, 2005, Kumayama, along with the towns of Akasaka, San'yō and Yoshii (all from Akaiwa District), were merged to create the city of Akaiwa.
As of 2006, the town had an estimated population of 5,386 and a density of 62.58 persons per km² and 1,963 families.
On March 7, 2005, Yoshii, along with the towns of Akasaka, Kumayama and San'yō (all from Akaiwa District), were merged to create the city of Akaiwa.
It is situated in the Blackmore Vale in the North Dorset administrative district, approximately halfway between the towns of Shaftesbury and Sturminster Newton.
For local government purposes the parish is grouped with the parishes of East Orchard and Margaret Marsh, to form a Group Parish Council.
On March 22, 2005, Hinase, along with the towns of Yoshinaga (also from Wake District), was merged into the expanded city of Bizen.
Upon arrival at Hinase station, visitors are greeted by the sight of a bay with a huge hill on the other side.
Oyster season is in winter (December to February) and many people come from other towns just to buy oysters from the local fish-market.
Local delicacies, such as Kaki-Oko (Oyster Okonomiyaki), a pancake-type dish with cabbage, vegetables, oysters and a piquant sauce) are proudly served up to visitors and locals alike.
Also famous in the area are Kaki-Fry (fried oysters) which can be served with a sauce, or in a soft-serve ice-cream covered in soya-sauce.
On March 22, 2005, Yoshinaga, along with the town of Hinase (also from Wake District), was merged into the expanded city of Bizen.
The town is famous in the region for the 'Wamojiyaki' festival that takes place every year on August 15 during the Obon period, and the town is also home to the largest Wisteria park in Japan.
On November 1, 2004, Ushimado, along with the towns of Oku and Osafune (all from Oku District), was merged to create the city of Setouchi.
On November 1, 2004, Oku, along with the towns of Osafune and Ushimado (all from Oku District), was merged to create the city of Setouchi.
On November 1, 2004, Osafune, along with the towns of Oku and Ushimado (all from Oku District), was merged to create the city of Setouchi.
For local government purposes the parish is grouped with the parishes of West Orchard and Margaret Marsh, to form a Group Parish Council.
On March 22, 2005, Nadasaki, along with the town of Mitsu (from Mitsu District), was merged into the expanded city of Okayama.
On March 22, 2005, Yamate, along with the village of Kiyone (also from Tsukubo District), was merged into the expanded city of Sōja.
On March 22, 2005, Kiyone, along with the village of Yamate (also from Tsukubo District), was merged into the expanded city of Sōja.
On August 1, 2005, Funao, along with the town of Mabi (from Kibi District), was merged into the expanded city of Kurashiki.
On March 21, 2006, Konkō, along with the towns of Kamogata and Yorishima (all from Asakuchi District), was merged to create the city of Asakuchi.
On March 21, 2006, Kamogata, along with the towns of Konkō and Yorishima (all from Asakuchi District), was merged to create the city of Asakuchi.
On March 21, 2006, Yorishima, along with the towns of Kamogata and Konkō (all from Asakuchi District), was merged to create the city of Asakuchi.
The landing at Anzac Cove on Sunday, 25 April 1915, also known as the landing at Gaba Tepe, and to the Turks as the Arıburnu Battle, was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula by the forces of the British Empire, which began the land phase of the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War.
The assault troops, mostly from the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), landed at night on the western (Aegean Sea) side of the peninsula.
In the darkness, the assault formations became mixed up, but the troops gradually made their way inland, under increasing opposition from the Ottoman Turkish defenders.
Not long after coming ashore the ANZAC plans were discarded, and the companies and battalions were thrown into battle piece-meal, and received mixed orders.
Some advanced to their designated objectives while others were diverted to other areas, then ordered to dig in along defensive ridge lines.
Their precarious position convinced both divisional commanders to ask for an evacuation, but after taking advice from the Royal Navy about how practicable that would be, the army commander decided they would stay.
The ANZACs had landed two divisions but over two thousand of their men had been killed or wounded, together with at least a similar number of Turkish casualties.
Since 1916 the anniversary of the landings on 25 April has been commemorated as Anzac Day, becoming one of the most important national celebrations in Australia and New Zealand.
The stalemate of trench warfare on the Western Front convinced the British Imperial War Cabinet that an attack on the Central Powers elsewhere, particularly Turkey, could be the best way of winning the war.
From February 1915 this took the form of naval operations aimed at forcing a passage through the Dardanelles, but after several setbacks it was decided that a land campaign was also necessary.
Three amphibious landings were planned to secure the Gallipoli Peninsula, which would allow the navy to attack the Turkish capital Constantinople, in the hope that would convince the Turks to ask for an armistice.
Lieutenant-General William Birdwood, commanding the inexperienced Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), comprising the Australian Division and two brigades of the New Zealand and Australian Division, was ordered to conduct an amphibious assault on the western side of the Gallipoli Peninsula.
The New Zealand and Australian Division normally also had two mounted brigades assigned to it, but these had been left in Egypt, as it was believed there would be no requirement or opportunities to use mounted troops on the peninsula.
Landing at dawn after a naval gunfire bombardment, the first troops were to seize the lower crests and southern spurs of Hill 971.
There they would be positioned to cut the enemy's lines of communications to the Kilid Bahr Plateau, thus preventing the Turks from bringing reinforcements from the north to the Kilid Bahr Plateau during the attack by the British 29th Division which would advance from a separate beachhead further south-west.
Birdwood planned to arrive off the peninsula after the moon had set, with the first troops landing at 03:30, an hour before dawn.
Instead, the troops were to travel in naval and merchant ships, transferring to rowing boats towed by small steamboats to make the assault.
The 3rd Australian Brigade, known as the covering force, were to capture the third ridge from Battleship Hill south along the Sari Bair mountain range to Gaba Tepe.
The 2nd Australian Brigade, landing next, were to capture all the Sari Bar range up to Hill 971 on the left.
The 26th Jacob's Mountain Battery from the British Indian Army would land next and then the 1st Australian Brigade, the division's reserve; all were to be ashore by 08:30.
The New Zealand and Australian Division, commanded by Major-General Alexander Godley, followed them; the 1st New Zealand Brigade then the 4th Australian Brigade.
The planners had come to the conclusion that the area was sparsely, if at all, defended, and that they should be able to achieve their objectives with no problems; Turkish opposition had not been considered.
The First World War Ottoman Turkish Army was modelled after the German Imperial Army, with most of its members being conscripted for two years (infantry) or three years (artillery); they then served in the reserve for the next twenty-three years.
On mobilisation each division had three infantry and one artillery regiment for a total of around ten thousand men, or about half the size of the equivalent British formation.
Unlike the largely inexperienced ANZACs, all the Turkish Army commanders, down to company commander level, were very experienced, being veterans of the Italo-Turkish and Balkan Wars.
The British preparations could not be made in secret, and by March 1915, the Turks were aware that a force of fifty thousand British and thirty thousand French troops was gathering at Lemnos.
They considered there were only four likely places for them to land: Cape Helles, Gaba Tepe, Bulair, or on the Asiatic (eastern) coast of the Dardanelles.
On 24 March, the Turks formed the Fifth Army, a force of over 100,000 men, in two corps of six divisions and a cavalry brigade, commanded by the German general Otto Liman von Sanders.
The III Corps had the 9th Division (25th, 26th and 27th Infantry Regiments), the 19th Division (57th, 72nd and 77th Infantry Regiments) and the 7th Division (19th, 20th and 21st Infantry Regiments).
The 9th Division provided coastal defence from Cape Helles north to Bulair, where the 7th Division took over, while the 19th Division at Maidos was the corps reserve.
The area around Gaba Tepe, where the ANZAC landings would take place, was defended by a battalion of the 27th Infantry Regiment.
On 19 April orders were issued for the ANZACs to stop training, and for all ships and small boats to take on coal and stores, in preparation for a landing originally scheduled to occur on 23 April.
At 01:00 on 25 April the British ships stopped at sea, and thirty-six rowing boats towed by twelve steamers embarked the first six companies, two each from the 9th, 10th and 11th Battalions.
At 02:00 a Turkish sentry reported seeing ships moving at sea, and at 02:30 the report was sent to 9th Division's headquarters.
Around 04:30 Turkish sentries opened fire on the boats, but the first ANZAC troops were already ashore at Beach Z, called Ari Burnu at the time, but later known as Anzac Cove.
They were further north than intended, and instead of an open beach they were faced with steep cliffs and ridges up to around in height.
However, the mistake had put them ashore at a relatively undefended area; at Gaba Tepe further south where they had planned to land, there was a strong-point, with an artillery battery close by equipped with two 15 cm and two 12 cm guns, and the 5th Company, 27th Infantry Regiment was positioned to counter-attack any landing at that more southern point.
The 11th Battalion grounded to the north of Ari Burnu point, while the 9th Battalion hit the point or just south of it, together with most of the 10th Battalion.
They also manned the Gaba Tepe strong-point, equipped with two obsolescent multi-barrelled Nordenfelt machine-guns, and several smaller posts in the south.
Men from the 9th and 10th Battalions started up the Ari Burnu slope, grabbing the gorse branches or digging their bayonets into the soil to provide leverage.
Soon the Australians reached Plugge's Plateau, the edge of which was defended by a trench, but the Turks had withdrawn to the next summit inland, from where they fired at the Australians coming onto the plateau.
As they arrived, Major Edmund Brockman of the 11th Battalion started sorting out the mess, sending the 9th Battalion's men to the right flank, the 11th Battalion's to the left, and keeping the 10th Battalion in the centre.
The second six companies landed while it was still dark, the destroyers coming to within to disembark the troops, under fire.
They also landed at Anzac Cove, but now as planned the 11th were in the north, 10th in the centre and the 9th in the south.
In the north, the first men from the 11th and 12th Battalions started up Walker's Ridge, under fire from a nearby Turkish trench.
Some also dug in at The Nek, a piece of high ground between Malone's Gully to the north and Monash Valley to the south.
Concerned about a possible counter-attack from the south, he decided to hold the Second Ridge instead of pushing forward to the Third or Gun Ridge.
This hesitation suited the Turkish defence plans, which required the forward troops to gain time for the reserves to coordinate a counter-attack.
At 05:45, Lieutenant-Colonel Mehmet Sefik of the Turkish 27th Infantry Regiment received orders to move his 1st and 3rd Battalions to the west and support the 2nd Battalion around Gaba Tepe.
Colonel Halil Sami, commanding the 9th Division, also ordered the division's machine-gun company and an artillery battery to move in support of the 27th Infantry Regiment, followed soon after by an 77 mm artillery battery.
Kemal instead decided to go himself with the 57th Infantry Regiment and an artillery battery towards Chunuk Bair, which he realised was the key point in the defence; whoever held those heights would dominate the battlefield.
By chance, the 57th Infantry were supposed to have been on an exercise that morning around Hill 971 and had been prepared since 05:30, waiting for orders.
At 09:00 Sefik and his two battalions were approaching Kavak Tepe, and made contact with his 2nd Battalion that had conducted a fighting withdrawal, and an hour and a half later the regiment was deployed to stop the ANZACs advancing any further.
Scrubby Knoll, known to the Turks as Kemalyeri (Kemal's Place), now became the site of the Turkish headquarters for the remainder of the campaign.
Maclagen sent the 11th Battalion, Captain Joseph Lalor's company of the 12th Battalion and Major James Robertson's of the 9th, towards Baby 700.
Brockman divided his own company, sending half up the right fork of Rest Gully, and half up the left, while Brockman and a reserve platoon headed up Monash Valley.
This, coupled with senior officers diverting men to other areas instead of towards Baby 700, meant only fragments of the units eventually reached Baby 700.
Arriving at Baby 700, Captain Eric Tulloch, 11th Battalion, decided to take his remaining sixty men towards Battleship Hill, leaving Lalor's company to dig in and defend The Nek.
When the Turkish fire slackened the remaining fifty men resumed their advance, reaching the now evacuated Turkish position, behind which was a large depression, with Battleship Hill beyond that.
Still under fire they moved forward again, then around from the summit The Turks opened fire on them from a trench.
Instead of going round to the right like Tulloch, they went straight up the centre, crossed over the summit onto the northern slope and went to ground.
Where the spur joined Baby 700, a group of Australians from the 9th, 11th, and 12th Battalions crossed Malone's Gully and charged the Turkish trench.
A Turkish machine-gun on Baby 700 opened fire on them, forcing them back, followed by a general withdrawal of Australian troops.
From his headquarters at the head of Monash Valley, Maclagen could see the Turks attacking, and started sending all available men towards Baby 700.
The 2nd Brigade landed between 05:30 and 07:00, and the reserve 1st Brigade landed between 09:00 and 12:00, already putting the timetable behind schedule.
The 2nd Brigade, which was supposed to be heading for Baby 700 on the left, were instead sent to the right to counter a Turkish attack building up there.
At 07:20 Bridges and his staff landed; finding no senior officers on the beach to brief them, they set out to locate the 3rd Brigade headquarters.
The 1st Brigade was on the opposite flank to the 3rd Brigade and already getting involved in battles of its own, when its commander, Colonel Percy Owen, received a request from Maclagen for reinforcements.
Soon after, Lalor's company had been forced back to The Nek and the Turks were threatening to recapture Russell's Top, and at 10:15 Maclagen reported to Bridges his doubts over being able to hold out.
In response Bridges sent part of his reserve, two companies from the 2nd Battalion (Gordon's and Richardson's), to reinforce the 3rd Brigade.
The two 2nd Battalion companies arrived alongside them, but all the companies had taken casualties, among the dead being Swannell and Robertson.
By this time most of the 3rd Brigade men had been killed or wounded, and the line was held by the five depleted companies from the 1st Brigade.
On the left, Gordon's company 2nd Battalion, with the 11th and 12th Battalion's survivors, charged five times and captured the summit of Baby 700, but were driven back by Turkish counter-attacks; Gordon was among the casualties.
For the second time Maclagen requested reinforcements for Baby 700, but the only reserves Bridges had available were two 2nd Battalion companies and the 4th Battalion.
It was now 10:45 and the advance companies of the 1st New Zealand Brigade were disembarking, so it was decided they would go to Baby 700.
The New Zealand Brigade commander had been taken ill, so Birdwood appointed Brigadier-General Harold Walker, a staff officer already ashore, as commander.
The Auckland Battalion had landed by 12:00, and were being sent north along the beach to Walker's Ridge on their way to Russell's Top.
Seeing that the only way along the ridge was in single file along a goat track, Walker ordered them to take the route over Plugge's Plateau.
However, in trying to avoid Turkish fire, they became split up in Monash Valley and Rest Gully, and it was after midday that two of the Auckland companies reached Baby 700.
At 12:30 two companies of the Canterbury Battalion landed and were sent to support the Aucklands, who had now been ordered back to Plugge's Plateau, and were forming on the left of the 3rd Brigade.
The ships carrying the New Zealanders were in the bay, but the steamers and rowing boats were being used to take the large numbers of wounded to the hospital ship.
The transports with the 4th Australian Brigade on board were still well out at sea and not due to land until that evening.
The landings recommenced around 16:30 when the Wellington Battalion came ashore, followed by the Otago Battalion around 17:00, who were put into the line beside the Aucklanders.
Next to land were the two other Canterbury companies, who were sent north to Walker's Ridge to extend the corps left flank.
Events ashore now forced a change in the disembarkation schedule, and at 17:50 orders were issued for the 4th Australian Brigade to start landing to boost the defence.
The transports carrying both divisions' artillery batteries had been forced further out to sea by Turkish artillery fire, and were unable to land.
MacLaurin's Hill is a 1,000 yard (910m) long section of the Second Ridge that connects Baby 700 to 400 Plateau, with a steep slope on the ANZAC side down to Monash Valley.
As the Australians crested the hill they came under fire from Baby 700, but to their front was a short, shallow slope into Mule Valley.
When Major James Denton's company of the 11th Battalion arrived at the hill they started digging in, and soon after received orders from MacLagen to hold the position at all costs.
At 10:00 Turkish troops, advancing from Scrubby Knoll, got to within of the Australians on the hill, opening fire at them.
The 400 Plateau, named for its height above sea level, was a wide and level plateau on the second ridge line, about wide and around from Gun Ridge.
The northern half of the plateau became known as Johnston's Jolly, and the southern half as Lone Pine, with Owen's Gully between them.
The 9th Battalion, furthest south, was to attack the artillery battery at Gaba Tepe, and the 12th Battalion was the reserve, with 26th Jacob's Mountain Battery to establish their gun line on the plateau.
Around the same time, Lieutenant Eric Smith and his 10th Battalion scouts and Lieutenant G. Thomas with his platoon from the 9th Battalion arrived on the plateau, looking for the guns.
The Turks did manage to remove the breech blocks, making the guns inoperable, so the Australians damaged the sights and internal screw mechanisms to put them out of action.
By now the majority of the 9th and 10th Battalions, along with brigade commander Maclagen, had arrived on the plateau, and he ordered them to dig in on the plateau instead of advancing to Gun Ridge.
Loutit, Lieutenant J. Haig of the 10th, and thirty-two men from the 9th, 10th, and 11th Battalions crossed Legge Valley and climbed a spur of Gun Ridge, just to the south of Scrubby Knoll.
Loutit and two men carried out a reconnaissance of Scrubby Knoll, from the top of which they could see the Dardanelles, around to the east.
When one of the men was wounded they returned to the rest of their group, which was being engaged by Turkish machine-gun and rifle fire.
Around 08:00, Loutit sent a man back for reinforcements; he located Captain J. Ryder of the 9th Battalion, with half a company of men at Lone Pine.
Soon after, they came under fire from Scrubby Knoll and were in danger of being cut off; Ryder sent a message back for more reinforcements.
The messenger located Captain John Peck, the 11th Battalion's adjutant, who collected all the men around him and went forward to reinforce Ryder.
As part of the second wave, the 2nd Brigade had been landing since 05:30; the 5th, 6th and 8th Battalions were supposed to cross 400 Plateau and head to Hill 971, while the 7th Battalion on the left were to climb Plugge's Plateau then make for Hill 971.
One 7th Battalion company, Jackson's, landed beside the Fisherman's Hut in the north and was almost wiped out; only forty men survived the landing.
At 06:00 Major Ivie Blezard's 7th Battalion company, and part of another, were sent onto 400 Plateau by Maclagen to strengthen the defence.
When the 7th Battalion commander Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Elliott landed he realised events were not going to plan, and he headed to the 3rd Brigade headquarters to find out what was happening.
Maclagen ordered him to gather his battalion at the south of the beachhead, as the 2nd Brigade would now form the division's right flank, not left.
When the 2nd Brigade commander Colonel James McCay arrived Maclagen convinced him to move his brigade to the south, swapping responsibility with the 3rd Brigade.
Heading onto the plateau, McCay realised the ridge to his right, Bolton's Ridge, would be a key point in their defence.
Looking around, he saw the 8th Battalion, commanded by Colonel William Bolton, moving forward, so Cass directed them to Bolton's Ridge.
As each company and battalion appeared they were pushed forward into the front line, but with no defined orders other than to support the 3rd Brigade.
The 9th and 10th Battalions had started forming a defence line, but there was a gap between them that the 7th Battalion was sent to fill.
The advancing Australians did not then know that the counter-attacking Turkish forces had reached the Scrubby Knoll area around 08:00 and were prepared for them.
Such was the situation they now found themselves in that at 15:30 McCay, now giving up all pretence of advancing to Gun Ridge, ordered his brigade to dig in from Owen's Gully to Bolton's Ridge.
Beyond Pine Ridge is Legge Valley and Gun Ridge and, like the rest of the terrain, it was covered in a thick gorse scrub, but also had stunted pine trees around tall growing on it.
Captain John Whitham's company of the 12th Battalion moved forward from Bolton's Ridge when they saw the 6th Battalion moving up behind them.
As the 6th Battalion reached the ridge, the companies carried on towards Gun Ridge, while Lieutenant-Colonel Walter McNicoll established the battalion headquarters below Bolton's Ridge.
At 10:00 brigade headquarters received a message from the 6th Battalion asking for reinforcement, and McCay sent half the 5th Battalion to assist.
At the same time the 8th Battalion were digging in on Bolton's, except for two companies which moved forward to attack a group of Turks that had come up from the south behind the 6th Battalion.
By noon the 8th Battalion was dug in on the ridge; in front of them were scattered remnants of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 9th Battalions, mostly out of view of each other in the scrub.
So McCay sent his last reserves, a company of the 1st Battalion, and ordered the 8th to leave one company on the ridge and advance on the right of the 6th Battalion.
The scattered formations managed to hold their positions for the remainder of the afternoon, then at 17:00 saw large numbers of Turkish troops coming over the southern section of Gun Ridge.
Around 10:00 Kemal and the 1st Battalion, 57th Infantry were the first to arrive in the area between Scrubby Knoll and Chunuk Bair.
He ordered the artillery battery to set up on the knoll, and the 1st Battalion to attack Baby 700 and Mortar Ridge from the North-East, while the 2nd Battalion would simultaneously circle around and attack Baby 700 from the West.
At 11:30 Sefik told Kemal that the ANZACs had a beachhead of around , and that he would attack towards Ari Burnu, in conjunction with the 19th Division.
Around midday Kemal was appraised that the 9th Division was fully involved with the British landings at Cape Helles, and could not support his attack, so at 12:30 he ordered two battalions of the 77th Infantry Regiment (the third battalion was guarding Suvla Bay) to move forward between the 57th and 27th Infantry Regiments.
At 13:00 Kemal met with his corps commander Esat Pasha and convinced him of the need to react in strength to the ANZAC landings.
At 15:15 Lalor left the defence of The Nek to a platoon that had arrived as reinforcements, and moved his company to Baby 700.
The left flank of Baby 700 was now held by sixty men, the remnants of several units, commanded by a corporal.
They had survived five charges by the Turks between 07:30 and 15:00; after the last charge the Australians were ordered to withdraw through The Nek.
On Baby 700, there was on the left Morsehead's and Lalor's men, and at the top of Malone's Gulley were the survivors of the 2nd Battalion and some men from the 3rd Brigade.
On the right were the men left from the Auckland companies, and a mixed group from the 1st, 2nd, 11th and 12th Battalions.
The artillery heralded the start of a Turkish counter-attack; columns of troops appeared over the top of Battleship Hill and on the flanks and attacked the ANZAC lines.
At the same time the Australians and New Zealanders holding on at Baby 700 broke and ran back to an improvised line, from Walker's Ridge in the north to Pope's Hill in the south.
The defence line at The Nek was now defended by nine New Zealanders, under the command of a sergeant; they had three machine-guns but the crews had all been killed or wounded.
Bridges sent two hundred stragglers, from several different battalions, to reinforce Braund and promised two extra battalions from the New Zealand and Australian Division which was now coming ashore.
The Australians on 400 Plateau had for some time been subjected to sniping and artillery fire and could see Turkish troops digging in on Gun Ridge.
Around 13:00 a column of Turkish reinforcements from the 27th Infantry Regiment, in at least battalion strength, were observed moving along the ridge-line from the south.
It was not long before the attack had forced a wedge between the Australians on Baby 700 and those on 400 Plateau.
At 14:25 Turkish artillery and small arms fire was so heavy that the Indian artillerymen were forced to push their guns back off the plateau by hand, and they reformed on the beach.
Although in places there was a mixture of different companies and platoons dug in together, the Australians were deployed with the 8th Battalion in the south still centred on Bolton's Ridge.
North of them, covering the southern sector of 400 Plateau, were the mixed together 6th and 7th Battalions, both now commanded by Colonel Walter McNicoll of the 6th.
North of them was the 5th Battalion, and the 10th Battalion covered the northern sector of 400 Plateau at Johnston's Jolly.
But by now they were battalions in name only, having all taken heavy casualties; the commanders had little accurate knowledge of where their men were located.
At 15:30 the two battalions of the Turkish 77th Infantry Regiment were in position, and with the 27th Infantry they counter-attacked again.
The second time he was informed there was only one uninvolved battalion left, the 4th, and Bridges was keeping them in reserve until more troops from the New Zealand and Australian Division had been landed.
McCay then spoke to Bridges direct and informed him the situation was desperate and if not reinforced the Turks would get behind him.
At 17:00 Bridges released the 4th Battalion to McCay who sent them to the south forming on the left of the 8th Battalion along Bolton's Ridge.
As it got dark the Turkish artillery ceased firing, and although small arms fire continued on both sides, the effects were limited when firing blind.
The last significant action of the day was at 22:00 south of Lone Pine, when the Turks charged towards Bolton's Ridge.
By now the 8th Battalion had positioned two machine-guns to cover their front, which caused devastation amongst the attackers, and to their left the 4th Battalion also became involved.
Both sides now waited for the next attack, but the day's events had shattered both formations and they were no longer in any condition to conduct offensive operations.
By nightfall, around sixteen thousand men had been landed, and the ANZACs had formed a beachhead, although with several undefended sections.
It was not a large beachhead; it was under in length, with a depth around , and in places only a few yards separated the two sides.
Both my divisional generals and brigadiers have represented to me that they fear their men are thoroughly demoralised by shrapnel fire to which they have been subjected all day after exhaustion and gallant work in morning.
If troops are subjected to shellfire again tomorrow morning there is likely to be a fiasco, as I have no fresh troops with which to replace those in firing line.
The survivors had to fight on alone until 28 April when four battalions of the Royal Naval Division were attached to the corps.
On the Turkish side, by that night the 2nd Battalion 57th Infantry were on Baby 700, the 3rd Battalion, reduced to only ninety men, were at The Nek, and the 1st Battalion on Mortar Ridge.
The Turks were the first to try during the Second attack on Anzac Cove on 27 April, followed by the ANZACs who tried to advance overnight 1/2 May.
The Turkish Third attack on Anzac Cove on 19 May was the worst defeat of them all, with around ten thousand casualties, including three thousand dead.
The next four months consisted of only local or diversionary attacks, until 6 August when the ANZACs, in connection with the Landing at Suvla Bay, attacked Chunuk Bair with only limited success.
Birdwood, who did not come ashore until late in the day, estimated between three and four hundred dead on the beaches.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage claims one in five of the three thousand New Zealanders involved became a casualty.
The Australian War Memorial has 860 Australian dead between 25–30 April, and the Australian Government estimates 2,000 wounded left Anzac Cove on 25 April, but more wounded were still waiting on the battlefields to be evacuated.
One theory was that they kept exposing themselves to fire, trying to find out where they were or to locate their troops.
It is estimated that the Turkish 27th and 57th Infantry Regiments lost around 2,000 men, or fifty per cent of their combined strength.
The anniversary of the landings, 25 April, has since 1916 been recognised in Australia and New Zealand as Anzac Day, now one of their most important national occasions.
In Australia, at 10:15, another service is held at the Australian War Memorial, which the prime minister and governor general normally attend.
In Turkey, large groups of Australians and New Zealanders have begun to gather at Anzac Cove, where in 2005 an estimated 20,000 people attended the service to commemorate the landings.
On March 1, 2005, Bisei, along with the town of Yoshii (from Shitsuki District), was merged into the expanded city of Ibara.
In card games, to be void in a suit of cards is to not have cards of that suit in one's hand.
For instance, one player can lead with the suit in which his partner is void so as to give a ruff.
On March 1, 2005, Yoshii, along with the town of Bisei (from Oda District), was merged into the expanded city of Ibara.
On August 1, 2005, Mabi, along with the town of Funao (from Asakuchi District), was merged into the expanded city of Kurashiki.
Mabi is famous for its historical ties to Kibi no Makibi, a Nara period noble and scholar credited with bringing the game of Go to Japan.
Frank Shepard Fairey (born February 15, 1970) is an American contemporary street artist, graphic designer, activist, illustrator, and founder of OBEY Clothing who emerged from the skateboarding scene.
His work is included in the collections at The Smithsonian, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C., the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
The website also says, by contrast, that those who are familiar with the sticker find humor and enjoyment from it and that those who try to analyze its meaning only burden themselves and may condemn the art as an act of vandalism from an evil, underground cult.
The fact that a larger segment of the public would not only notice, but investigate, the unexplained appearance of the stickers was something I had not contemplated.
When I started to see reactions and consider the sociological forces at work surrounding the use of public space and the insertion of a very eye-catching but ambiguous image, I began to think there was the potential to create a phenomenon.
In a manifesto he wrote in 1990, and since posted on his website, he links his work with Heidegger's concept of phenomenology.
After graduation, he founded a small printing business in Providence, Rhode Island, called Alternate Graphics, specializing in T-shirt and sticker silkscreens, which afforded Fairey the ability to continue pursuing his own artwork.
While residing in Providence in 1994, Fairey met American filmmaker Helen Stickler, who had also attended RISD and graduated with a film degree.
The film premiered in the 1995 New York Underground Film Festival, and went on to play at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival.
In 2005 Fairey also collaborated with DJ Shadow on a box set, with T-shirts, stickers, prints, and a mix CD by Shadow.
In 2005 he showed abroad, for instance in Paris at the Magda Danysz Gallery, and was a resident artist at the Honolulu Museum of Art Spalding House (formerly known as The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu).
In 2008 Fairey teamed up again with Z-Trip to do a series of shows in support of then presidential candidate Barack Obama entitled Party For Change.
His third solo show with the gallery featured one hundred and fifty works, including the largest collection of canvases pieces in one show that he's done.
Fairey was arrested on February 7, 2009, on his way to the premiere of his show at the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston, Massachusetts, on two outstanding warrants related to graffiti.
He was charged with damage to property for having postered two Boston area locations with graffiti, a Boston Police Department spokesman said.
His arrest was announced to party goers by longtime friend Z-Trip who had been performing at the ICA premiere at Shepard Fairey's request.
On April 27, 2009, Fairey put three signed copies of his Obama inauguration posters up on eBay, with the proceeds of the auction going to the One Love For Chi foundation, founded by the family of Deftones bassist Chi Cheng following a car accident in November 2008 that nearly claimed Cheng's life.
The exhibition featured more than 250 works in a wide variety of media: screen prints, stencils, stickers, rubylith illustrations, collages, and works on wood, metal and canvas.
In July 2015, Fairey was arrested and detained at Los Angeles International Airport, after passing through customs, on a warrant for allegedly vandalizing 14 buildings in Detroit.
Although the campaign officially disavowed any involvement in the creation or popularization of the poster, Fairey has commented in interviews that he was in communication with campaign officials during the period immediately following the poster's release.
Fairey created a mutt version of the red, white, and blue poster, donating it to help support pet adoptions, from an image of a rescued shaggy dog taken by photographer Clay Myers.
Four hundred limited edition prints were offered by Adopt-A-Pet.com, a nonprofit organization that helps shelters, humane societies and rescue groups advertise their homeless pets to potential adopters.
In 2014, Fairey painted a towering mural, 9 stories high, paying tribute to Nelson Mandela and the 25th anniversary of the Purple Rain Protest.
The mural is Fairey's first work in Africa and is seen by many as a sequel to the iconic Barack Obama HOPE poster.
Fairey made a gift of the poster to Emmanuel Macron, who hung it in his office upon assuming the presidency of France.
Shepard Fairey has always been open about controversial social and political topics and often donates and creates artwork in order to promote awareness of these social issues and contributes directly to these causes.
In the early 2000s, Fairey began donating to organizations such as Chiapas Relief Fund, the ACLU, Feeding America, and the Art of Elysium.
In September 2010, Fairey created a poster for the ACLU with actress Olivia Wilde as the Statue of Liberty holding a megaphone and a clipboard, the ACLU's weapons of choice.
This program allows Fairey to support causes he believes in by selling specially designed merchandise and donating 100% of the profits raised to handpicked organizations and their causes.
Past non-profit organizations benefiting from this program include Hope for Darfur, 11th Hour Action, Feed America, earthquake relief in Haiti, Dark Wave / Rising Sun for Japan relief, and Adopt-a-Pet.com.
The latest Obey Awareness T-shirts benefitted the Go Campaign, an organization that improves the lives of orphans and vulnerable children around the world by partnering with local heroes to deliver local solutions.
Fairey sits on the advisory board of Reaching to Embrace the Arts, a nonprofit organization that provides art supplies to disadvantaged schools and students.
He is one of the earliest supporters of Give to Cure, a non-profit organization devoted to accelerating the process of finding cures for human diseases.
In August 2011, Fairey donated the Buddhist inspired piece Mandala Ornament (valued at $12,000) to help raise funds for the Foundation through the ART FOR LIFE online auction, the primary annual fundraising effort that helps support thousands of underserved New York children.
Proceeds from the annual gala and auction benefitted the Foundation's signature arts education and gallery programs, which directly serve 2,300 students each year.
In June 2009, Fairey created a poster in support of the plight of Aung San Suu Kyi to bring awareness to the human rights cause in Burma.
In 2009, Fairey teamed up with artist and activist Ernesto Yerena, activist Marco Amador and musician Zack de la Rocha of Rage Against the Machine, to create, distribute, and sell posters countering dehumanizing and anti-immigrant rhetoric for the We Are Human Campaign.
A majority of the proceeds went to the National Day Labor Organizing Network (NDLON) and Puente, a grassroots community group that fights for human dignity.
In April 2015, Fairey created a commemorative poster for the 10-year anniversary of the music of David Lynch, with all proceeds from poster sales going to the foundation.
Fairey is a supporter of artist movements such as The Art of Elysium, an organization aiming to affect social change by making art available to striving artists and young people battling serious illnesses.
In August 2010, Fairey donated one original Burmese Monk fine art piece as well as an opportunity for a live portrait sitting for Art of Elysium.
In May 2010, Fairey partnered with Feeding America and The Advertising Council to create an outdoor public service advertisement to raise awareness about domestic hunger.
In 2011, Fairey was named honorary chair of the Young Literati, a philanthropic group of the Library Foundation of Los Angeles.
ARTS and featured the art displayed on billboards and buses across the city of Los Angeles to send the message that arts matter in schools.
In March 2014, Fairey created a portrait of Ai Weiwei with Friends of Ai Weiwei, a group of Ai supporters who were trying to promote awareness of the artists’ legal status in China where authorities had confiscated his passport.
Shepard Fairey has also created works to support school safety, and posters with his art were seen at the March for Our Lives rally in Washington, D.C. on March 24, 2018.
Originally, Fairey had claimed his HOPE poster was based on a 2006 copyrighted photo of then-Senator Barack Obama seated next to actor George Clooney, taken in April 2006 by Mannie Garcia on assignment for the Associated Press, which wanted credit and compensation for the work.
Fairey claims he used pieces of the photo as raw material to create a heroic and inspirational political portrait, the aesthetic of which was fundamentally different from the original photo.
In February 2009, Fairey filed a federal lawsuit against the Associated Press, seeking a declaratory judgment that his use of the AP photograph was protected by the fair use doctrine and so did not infringe their copyright.
At first, Fairey claimed that he used the photo of Clooney and Obama, cropped the actor out of the shot, and made other changes.
In October 2009, Shepard Fairey admitted he had tried to deceive the Court by destroying evidence that he had instead used the photograph alleged by the AP.
Fairey admitted he had used a close-up shot of Obama, also taken by Mannie Garcia, as the AP had long alleged.
On September 7, 2012, Fairey was sentenced to 300 hours of community service, ordered to pay a $25,000 federal fine, and placed on probation for two years by U.S. Magistrate Judge Frank Maas.
O' Donoghue explored Fairey's use of copyright-protected images while defending his own copyright-protected works from being used by other artists and corporations.
Fairey cited his collaboration with Public Enemy, his funding of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, and his six-figure charitable contributions for Darfur assistance as responses to charges of exploitation.
Artists Mark Vallen, Lincoln Cushing, Josh MacPhee, and Favianna Rodriguez have documented that Fairey has appropriated work by Koloman Moser, Ralph Chaplin, Pirkle Jones, Rupert Garcia, Rene Mederos, Félix Beltrán, and Gary Grimshaw, among others.
Sherwin implied that O'Shea's critique of Vallen was selective because key negative facts about Fairey's history were left out in the article.
Bloggers have criticized Fairey for accepting commissions from corporations such as Saks Fifth Avenue, for which his design agency produced illustrations inspired by Constructivism and Alexander Rodchenko.
Fairey defends his corporate commissions by saying that clients such as Saks Fifth Avenue help him to keep his studio operational and his assistants employed.
Fairey has acknowledged the irony of being a street artist exploring themes of free speech while at the same time being an artist hired by corporations for consumer campaigns.
In August 2011, Fairey received a black eye and a bruised rib after being attacked outside of the Kodboderne 18 nightclub in Copenhagen, Denmark.
He believes the attack was the result of a misunderstanding over his artwork, which commemorated the demolition of the legendary Ungdomshuset (youth house) at Jagtvej 69.
The media reported that the artwork was commissioned by the Copenhagen Municipality, but the original mural was organized by Fairey's Copenhagen gallery, V1.
In addition to his successful graphic design career, Fairey also DJs at many clubs under the names DJ Diabetic and Emcee Insulin, as he has Type 1 diabetes.
On October 1, 2004, Ukan, along with the towns of Bitchū, Kawakami and Nariwa (all from Kawakami District), was merged into the expanded city of Takahashi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On March 31, 2005, Hokubō, along with the towns of Katsuyama, Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District), was merged to create the city of Maniwa.
On October 1, 2004, Kayō, along with the town of Kamogawa (from Mitsu District), was merged to create the town of Kibichūō (in the newly created Kaga District).
Located on the east side of Janesville, it is named after Joseph A. Craig, who was instrumental in attracting the General Motors Janesville Assembly Plant to the city.
The school was later renamed Joseph A. Craig High School in 1967 with the opening of George S. Parker High School on the west side of Janesville.
On October 1, 2004, Nariwa, along with the town of Ukan (from Jōbō District), and the towns of Bitchū and Kawakami (all from Kawakami District), was merged into the expanded city of Takahashi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On October 1, 2004, Kawakami, along with the town of Ukan (from Jōbō District), and the towns of Bitchū and Nariwa (all from Kawakami District), was merged into the expanded city of Takahashi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On October 1, 2004, Bitchū, along with the town of Ukan (from Jōbō District), and the towns of Kawakami and Nariwa (all from Kawakami District), was merged into the expanded city of Takahashi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On March 31, 2005, Ōsa, along with the towns of Shingō, Tessei and Tetta (all from Atetsu District), was merged into the expanded city of Niimi.
On March 31, 2005, Shingō, along with the towns of Ōsa, Tessei and Tetta (all from Atetsu District), was merged into the expanded city of Niimi.
During this period, no commercial space launches were available to private operators, and no private organization was able to offer space launches.
In the 1980s, the European Space Agency created Arianespace, the world's first commercial space transportation company, and, following the Challenger disaster, the American government deregulated the American space transportation market as well.
These events for the first time allowed private organizations to purchase, develop and offer space launch services; beginning the period of private spaceflight in the late-1980s and early-1990s.
On March 31, 2005, Tetta, along with the towns of Ōsa, Shingō and Tessei (all from Atetsu District), was merged into the expanded city of Niimi.
On March 31, 2005, Tessei, along with the towns of Ōsa, Shingō and Tetta (all from Atetsu District), was merged into the expanded city of Niimi.
In 2005, the component towns and villages of Chūka, Katsuyama, Kawakami, Kuse, Mikamo, Ochiai, Yatsuka, Yubara, as well as the neighboring town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District) united to form the city of Maniwa.
On March 31, 2005, Chūka, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
On March 31, 2005, Yatsuka, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami and Mikamo (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, security token, coin etc.
), by supplying secret information (such as a number or letter permutation or password), or by a combination thereof or only being able to be opened from one side such as a door chain.
In its simplest implementation, a key operates one lock or set of locks that are keyed alike, a lock/key system where each similarly keyed lock requires the same, unique key.
The key serves as a security token for access to the locked area; only persons having the correct key can open the lock and gain access.
In more complex mechanical lock/key systems, two different keys, one of which is known as the master key, serve to open the lock.
Locks such as this were later developed into the Egyptian wooden pin lock, which consisted of a bolt, door fixture or attachment, and key.
When the key was inserted, pins within the fixture were lifted out of drilled holes within the bolt, allowing it to move.
The warded lock was also present from antiquity and remains the most recognizable lock and key design in the Western world.
Affluent Romans often kept their valuables in secure locked boxes within their households, and wore the keys as rings on their fingers.
The practice had two benefits: It kept the key handy at all times, while signaling that the wearer was wealthy and important enough to have money and jewellery worth securing.
With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century and the concomitant development of precision engineering and component standardization, locks and keys were manufactured with increasing complexity and sophistication.
The lever tumbler lock, which uses a set of levers to prevent the bolt from moving in the lock, was invented by Robert Barron in 1778.
His double acting lever lock required the lever to be lifted to a certain height by having a slot cut in the lever, so lifting the lever too far was as bad as not lifting the lever far enough.
A burglary in Portsmouth Dockyard prompted the British Government to announce a competition to produce a lock that could be opened only with its own key.
Chubb developed the Chubb detector lock, which incorporated an integral security feature that could frustrate unauthorized access attempts and would indicate to the lock's owner if it had been interfered with.
Chubb made various improvements to his lock: his 1824 improved design didn't require a special regulator key to reset the lock; by 1847 his keys used six levers rather than four; and he later introduced a disc that allowed the key to pass but narrowed the field of view, hiding the levers from anybody attempting to pick the lock.
The designs of Barron and Chubb were based on the use of movable levers, but Joseph Bramah, a prolific inventor, developed an alternative method in 1784.
His lock used a cylindrical key with precise notches along the surface; these moved the metal slides that impeded the turning of the bolt into an exact alignment, allowing the lock to open.
The lock was at the limits of the precision manufacturing capabilities of the time and was said by its inventor to be unpickable.
The challenge stood for over 67 years until, at the Great Exhibition of 1851, the American locksmith Alfred Charles Hobbs was able to open the lock and, following some argument about the circumstances under which he had opened it, was awarded the prize.
The earliest patent for a double-acting pin tumbler lock was granted to American physician Abraham O. Stansbury in England in 1805, but the modern version, still in use today, was invented by American Linus Yale, Sr. in 1848.
In 1861, Linus Yale, Jr. was inspired by the original 1840s pin-tumbler lock designed by his father, thus inventing and patenting a smaller flat key with serrated edges as well as pins of varying lengths within the lock itself, the same design of the pin-tumbler lock which still remains in use today.
Despite some improvement in key design since, the majority of locks today are still variants of the designs invented by Bramah, Chubb and Yale.
A warded lock uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted.
The key has notches or slots that correspond to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely inside the lock.
Warded locks are typically reserved for low-security applications as a well-designed skeleton key can successfully open a wide variety of warded locks.
The pin tumbler lock uses a set of pins to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted.
The key has a series of grooves on either side of the key's blade that limit the type of lock the key can slide into.
As the key slides into the lock, the horizontal grooves on the blade align with the wards in the keyway allowing or denying entry to the cylinder.
A series of pointed teeth and notches on the blade, called bittings, then allow pins to move up and down until they are in line with the shear line of the inner and outer cylinder, allowing the cylinder or cam to rotate freely and the lock to open.
A magnetic keyed lock is a locking mechanism whereby the key utilizes magnets as part of the locking and unlocking mechanism.
A magnetic key would use from one to many small magnets oriented so that the North and South poles would equate to a combination to push or pull the lock's internal tumblers thus releasing the lock.
In addition to the pin and tumbler used in standard locks, electronic locks connects the bolt or cylinder to a motor within the door using a part called an actuator.
The lock typically accepts a particular valid code only once, and the smart key transmits a different rolling code every time the button is pressed.
Generally the car door can be opened with either a valid code by radio transmission, or with a (non-electronic) pin tumbler key.
The ignition switch may require a transponder car key to both open a pin tumbler lock and also transmit a valid code by radio transmission.
A smart lock is an electromechanics lock that gets instructions to lock and unlock the door from an authorized device using a cryptographic key and wireless protocol.
The level of formal education required varies from country to country, from no qualifications required at all in the UK , to a simple training certificate awarded by an employer, to a full diploma from an engineering college.
They may specialize in one aspect of the skill, such as an automotive lock specialist, a master key system specialist or a safe technician.
The rise of cheap mass production has made this less common; the vast majority of locks are repaired through like-for-like replacements, high-security safes and strongboxes being the most common exception.
Many locksmiths also work on any existing door hardware, including door closers, hinges, electric strikes, and frame repairs, or service electronic locks by making keys for transponder-equipped vehicles and implementing access control systems.
Although the fitting and replacement of keys remains an important part of locksmithing, modern locksmiths are primarily involved in the installation of high quality lock-sets and the design, implementation, and management of keying and key control systems.
Modern key cutting replaces the mechanical key following aspect with a process in which the original key is scanned electronically, processed by software, stored, then used to guide a cutting wheel when a key is produced.
The capability to store electronic copies of the key's shape allows for key shapes to be stored for key cutting by any party that has access to the key image.
Different key cutting machines are more or less automated, using different milling or grinding equipment, and follow the design of early 20th century key duplicators.
Key duplication is available in many retail hardware stores and as a service of the specialized locksmith, though the correct key blank may not be available.
Keys appear in various symbols and coats of arms, the best-known being that of the Holy See – derived from the phrase in which promises Saint Peter, in Roman Catholic tradition the first pope, the Keys of Heaven.
On March 31, 2005, Kawakami, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
The son of Shirley, a school teacher, and Hiram Kilborn, an insurance executive, Craig Kilborn was born in Kansas City and moved to Hastings, Minnesota, where he was raised, at four years of age.
Kilborn was taller than his peers from an early age, standing out on the playground and then the basketball court as he got older, eventually growing to 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m).
He excelled with the Magicians and with the team at Hastings High School as well, earning three letters and multiple all-conference and all-state honors.
After graduation, he accepted a scholarship to play for Montana State University, where he earned dual bachelor's degrees in theater arts and media in 1984.
The show aired for a six-week test run on a 7:00 pm time slot in most markets, but was not well received.
In the context of the Internet addressing structure, an address pool is a set of Internet Protocol addresses available at any level in the IP address allocation hierarchy.
In the context of application design, an address pool may be the availability of a set of addresses (IP address, MAC address) available to an application that is shared among its users, or available for allocation to users, such as in host configurations with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Written by Robert Bolt and directed by Roland Joffé, the film stars Robert De Niro, Jeremy Irons, Ray McAnally, Aidan Quinn, Cherie Lunghi, and Liam Neeson.
The music, scored by Italian composer Ennio Morricone, ranked 1st on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC) Classic 100 Music in the Movies.
In the 1740s, Spanish Jesuit priest Father Gabriel enters the northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguayan jungle to build a mission station and convert a Guaraní community to Christianity.
The Guaraní are not initially receptive to Christianity or outsiders in general, and tie a priest to a wooden cross and send him over the Iguazu Falls.
Mercenary and slaver Rodrigo Mendoza makes his living kidnapping natives such as the Guarani community and selling them to nearby plantations, including the plantation of the Spanish Governor Don Cabeza.
After returning from another kidnapping trip, Mendoza is told by his assumed fiancée, Carlotta, that she loves his younger half-brother Felipe.
After initially tense moments upon reaching the outskirts of the natives' territory, though they recognise him, the natives embrace a tearful Mendoza and cut away his heavy bundle.
The Treaty of Madrid (1750) reapportioned South American land on which the Jesuit missions were located, transferring the area to the Portuguese, who allowed slavery.
The Portuguese colonials seek to enslave the natives, and as the independent Jesuit missions might impede this, Papal emissary Cardinal Altamirano, a former Jesuit priest, is sent from the Vatican to survey the missions and decide which, if any, should be allowed to remain.
If he rules in favour of the colonists, the indigenous peoples will become enslaved; if he rules in favour of the missions, the entire Jesuit Order may be condemned by the Portuguese and the European Catholic Church could fracture.
Altamirano visits the missions and is amazed at their industry and success, both in converting the Indians and, in some cases, economically.
At Father Gabriel's mission of San Carlos, he tries to explain the reasons behind closing the mission and instructs the Guaraní that they must leave, because it is God's will.
Father Gabriel and Mendoza, under threat of excommunication, state their intention to defend the mission alongside the Guaraní if the plantation owners and colonists attack.
They are no match for the military force and Mendoza is shot and fatally wounded after the soldiers destroy a trap, allowing them to enter the village.
When the soldiers enter the mission village, they encounter the singing of Father Gabriel and the Guaraní women and children who march in the procession.
Ignoring this, the Spanish commander orders the attack; Father Gabriel, the rest of the priests and most of the Guaraní, including women and children, are gunned down.
They set off up the river, going deeper into the jungle, with the thought that the events will remain in their memories.
A significant subtext is the impending suppression of the Jesuits, of which Father Gabriel is warned by the film's narrator, Cardinal Altamirano, who was once himself a Jesuit.
Altamirano, speaking in hindsight in 1758, corresponds to the actual Andalusian Jesuit Father Luis Altamirano, who was sent by Jesuit Superior General Ignacio Visconti to Paraguay in 1752 to transfer territory from Spain to Portugal.
He oversaw the transfer of seven missions south and east of the Río Uruguay, that had been settled by Guaraní and Jesuits in the 17th century.
As compensation, Spain promised each mission 4,000 pesos, or fewer than 1 peso for each of the circa 30,000 Guaraní of the seven missions, while the cultivated lands, livestock, and buildings were estimated to be worth 7–16 million pesos.
The film's climax is the Guaraní War of 1754–1756, during which historical Guaraní defended their homes against Spanish-Portuguese forces implementing the Treaty of Madrid.
The waterfall setting of the film suggests the combination of these events with the story of older missions, founded between 1610–1630 on the Paranapanema River above the Guaíra Falls, from which Paulista slave raids forced Guaraní and Jesuits to flee in 1631.
The battle at the end of the film evokes the eight-day Battle of Mbororé in 1641, a battle fought on land as well as in boats on rivers, in which the Jesuit-organised, firearm-equipped Guaraní forces stopped the Paulista raiders.
The historical Altamirano was not a cardinal sent by the Pope, but an emissary sent by the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, Ignacio Visconti, to preserve the Jesuits in Europe in the face of attacks in Spain and Portugal.
The tunnels of Fort Amherst in Kent were used as part of the monastery where Mendoza (Robert De Niro) is being held after he murders his brother.
The film grossed $17.2 million at the US and international box office against a budget of £16.5 million, which at the time was the US equivalent of $25.4 million, making this film a commercial flop.
The Mitsubishi A5M, formal Japanese Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Carrier-based Fighter (九六式艦上戦闘機), experimental Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Experimental 9-Shi Carrier Fighter, company designation Mitsubishi Ka-14, was a Japanese carrier-based fighter aircraft.
In 1934, the Imperial Japanese Navy prepared a specification for an advanced fighter, requiring a maximum speed of 350 km/h (220 mph) at 3,000 m (9,840 ft) and able to climb to 5,000 m (16,400 ft) in 6.5 minutes.
Mitsubishi assigned the task of designing the new fighter to a team led by Jiro Horikoshi (original creator of the similar but unsuccessful Mitsubishi 1MF10, and later responsible for the famous A6M Zero).
The resulting design, designated Ka-14 by Mitsubishi, was an all-metal low-wing fighter, with a thin elliptical inverted gull wing and a fixed undercarriage, which was chosen as the increase in performance (estimated as 10% in drag, but only a mere 3% increase in maximum speed) arising from use of a retractable undercarriage was not felt to justify the extra weight.
The second prototype was fitted with a revised, ungulled wing, and after various changes to maximize maneuverability and reduce drag, was ordered into production as the A5M.
With the Ka-14 demonstrating excellent performance, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force ordered a single modified prototype for evaluation as the Ki-18.
While this demonstrated similar performance to the Navy aircraft and hence was far faster than the IJAAF's current fighter, the Kawasaki Ki-10 biplane, the type was rejected by the army owing to its reduced maneuverability.
Mitsubishi, busy turning the Ka-14 into the A5M, submitted a minimally changed aircraft as the Ki-33, this being defeated by Nakajima's competing aircraft, which was ordered into service as the Ki-27.
Chinese Nationalist pilots, primarily flying the Curtiss Hawk III, fought against the Japanese, but the A5M was the better of almost every fighter aircraft it encountered.
Though armed with only a pair of 7.7 mm machine-guns, the new fighter proved effective and damage-tolerant, with excellent manoeuvrability and robust construction.
The Mitsubishi team continued to improve the A5M, working through versions until the final A5M4, which carried an external underside drop tank to provide fuel for extended range.
The A5M's most competitive adversary in the air was the Polikarpov I-16, a fast and heavily armed fighter flown by both Chinese Air Force regulars and Soviet volunteers.
Air battles in 1938, especially on 18 February and 29 April, ranked among the largest air battles ever fought at the time.
The battle of 29 April saw 67 Polikarpov fighters (31 I-16s and 36 I-15 bis) against 18 G3Ms escorted by 27 A5Ms.
Each side claimed victory: the Chinese/Soviet side claimed 21 Japanese aircraft (11 fighters and 10 bombers) shot down with 50 Japanese airmen killed and two captured having bailed out while losing 12 aircraft and 5 pilots killed; the Japanese claimed they lost only two G3Ms and two A5Ms shot down with over 40 Chinese aircraft shot down.
This version, used for pilot training, was dubbed the A5M4-K. K version aircraft continued to be used for pilot training long after standard A5Ms left front-line service.
The Flying Tigers encountered the Type 96, although not officially, and one was shot down at Mingaladon airfield, Burma on 29 January 1942.
Some A5Ms remained in service at the end of 1941 when the United States entered World War II in the Pacific.
US intelligence sources believed the A5M still served as Japan's primary Navy fighter, when in fact the A6M 'Zero' had replaced it on first-line aircraft carriers and with the Tainan Kōkūtai in Taiwan.
Other Japanese carriers and Kōkūtai (air groups) continued to use the A5M until production of the Zero caught up with demand.
During these actions, Mitsubishi A5Ms shot down three Douglas SBD dive-bombers, including the aircraft of Lt-Cdr Halstead Hopping, CO of VS-6 Squadron.
The last combat actions with the A5M as a fighter took place at the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 May 1942, when two A5Ms and four A6Ms of the Japanese carrier fought against US aircraft that sank their carrier.
Commissioned by the conservative Belgian newspaper as anti-communist satire for its children's supplement , it was serialised weekly from January 1929 to May 1930 before being published in a collected volume by Éditions du Petit Vingtième in 1930.
The story tells of young Belgian reporter Tintin and his dog Snowy, who are sent to the Soviet Union to report on the policies of Joseph Stalin's Bolshevik government.
Tintin's intent to expose the regime's secrets prompts agents from the Soviet secret police, the OGPU, to hunt him down with the intent to kill.
Damage to the original plates prevented republication of the book for several decades, while Hergé later expressed embarrassment at the crudeness of the work.
Growing demand among fans of the series resulted in the production of unauthorised copies of the book in the 1960s, with the first officially sanctioned republication appearing in 1969, after which it was translated into several other languages, including English.
Tintin, a reporter for , is sent with his dog Snowy on an assignment to the Soviet Union, departing from Brussels.
Tintin witnesses a local election, where the Bolsheviks threaten the voters to ensure their own victory; when they try to arrest him, he dresses as a ghost to scare them away.
Tintin attempts to make his way out of the Soviet Union, but the Bolsheviks pursue and arrest him, then threaten him with torture.
He and Snowy observe a government official handing out bread to homeless Marxists but denying it to their opponents; Snowy steals a loaf and gives it to a starving boy.
Tintin infiltrates the Red Army and warns some of the kulaks to hide their grain, but the army catches him and sentences him to death by firing squad.
By planting blanks in the soldiers' rifles, Tintin fakes his death and is able to make his way into the snowy wilderness, where he discovers an underground Bolshevik hideaway in a haunted house.
The OGPU agents appear and lock Tintin in a dungeon, but he escapes with the aid of Snowy, who has dressed himself in a tiger costume.
Anti-communist sentiment was strong, and a Soviet exhibition held in Brussels in January 1928 was vandalised amid demonstrations by the fascist National Youth Movement, in which Degrelle took part.
Hergé wanted to set Tintin's first adventure in the United States in order to involve Native Americans—a people who had fascinated him since boyhood—in the story.
Instead, Wallez wanted Hergé to send Tintin to the Soviet Union, founded in 1922 by the Marxist–Leninist Bolshevik Party after seizing power in the Russian Empire during the 1917 October Revolution.
Being both Roman Catholic and politically right-wing, Wallez was opposed to the atheist, anti-Christian, and extreme left-wing Soviet government, and wanted Tintin's first adventure to reflect this, to persuade its young readers with anti-Marxist and anti-communist ideas.
Published in both Belgium and France in 1928, sold well to a public eager to believe Douillet's anti-Bolshevik claims, many of which were of doubtful accuracy.
Hergé's lack of knowledge about the Soviet Union led to many factual errors; the story contains references to bananas, Shell petrol and Huntley & Palmers biscuits, none of which existed in the Soviet Union at the time.
He was also influenced by the contemporary American comics that reporter Léon Degrelle had sent back to Belgium from Mexico, where he was stationed to report on the Cristero War.
The illusion of Tintin as a real reporter for the paper, and not a fictional character, was emphasised by the claim that the comic strip was not a series of drawings, but composed of photographs taken of Tintin's adventure.
Biographer Benoît Peeters thought this a private joke between staff at ; alluding to the fact that Hergé had originally been employed as a reporter-photographer, a job that he never fulfilled.
Literary critic Tom McCarthy later compared this approach to that of 18th-century European literature, which often presented fictional narratives as non-fiction.
As Harry Thompson remarked, the plotline would have been popular with the average Belgian parent, exploiting their anti-communist sentiment and feeding their fears regarding the Russians.
The second was a staged publicity event, suggested by the reporter Charles Lesne, which took place on Thursday 8 May 1930.
During the stunt, the 15-year-old Lucien Pepermans, a friend of Hergé's who had Tintin's features, arrived at Brussels' Gare du Nord railway station aboard the incoming Liège express from Moscow, dressed in Russian garb as Tintin and accompanied by a white dog; in later life Hergé erroneously claimed that he had accompanied Pepermans, whereas it had been Julien De Proft.
Proceeding by limousine to the offices of , they were greeted by further crowds, largely of Catholic Boy Scouts; Pepermans gave a speech on the building's balcony, before gifts were distributed to fans.
Courtois had travelled to Brussels to meet Wallez and Hergé, but upon publication thought that his readers would not understand the speech bubble system, adding explanatory sentences below each image.
Recognising the continued commercial viability of the story, Wallez published it in book form in September 1930 through the Brussels-based at a print run of 10,000, each sold at twenty francs.
The first 500 copies were numbered and signed by Hergé using Tintin's signature, with Snowy's paw print drawn on by Wallez's secretary, Germaine Kieckens, who later became Hergé's first wife.
For reasons unknown, the original book version omitted the page originally published in the 26 December 1929 edition of ; it has since appeared in modern editions as page 97A.
In April 2012 an original copy of the first album was sold for a record price of €37,820 by specialised auctioneers Banque Dessinée of Elsene, with another copy being sold for €9,515.
The cartoonist was reluctant, stating that the original plates for the story were now in a poor condition and that as a result he would have to redraw the entire story were it to be re-published.
Jean-Marc and Randy Lofficier believed that another factor in his decision might have been the story's virulently anti-Marxist theme, which would have been unpopular amidst growing West European sympathies for Marxism following the Second World War.
In 1961, Hergé wrote a letter to Casterman suggesting that the original version of the story be republished in a volume containing a publisher's warning about its content.
Over the next decade, it was translated into nine languages, with an English-language edition translated by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner published by Sundancer in 1989.
That same theme prevented its publication in Communist Party-governed China, where it was the only completed adventure not translated by Wang Bingdong and officially published in the early 21st century.
Sociologist John Theobald of the Southampton Institute argued that Hergé had no interest in providing factual information about the Soviet Union, but only wanted to inculcate his readers against Marxism, hence depicting the Bolsheviks rigging elections, killing opponents and stealing the grain from the people.
However, during his trip to Russia, he learned from a Muscovite historian that the spirit of Hergé's story was in keeping with what was going on in Russia at the time.
First airing on Sunday 30 October 2011 on BBC Two, it was produced by Graham Strong, with Luned Tonderai as producer and Tim Green as executive producer.
He is trained in many dialects, Australian, British, German, Italian, Celtic, Jamaican, Hispanic, South African, South Mississippian, New York, Asian, French, and West Indian Ocean.
South of 20th Street towards 22nd Street, and between Valencia and Dolores Streets is a distinct neighborhood known as Liberty Hill.
North of the Mission District is the South of Market neighborhood, bordered roughly by Duboce Avenue and the elevated highway of the Central Freeway which runs above 13th Street.
The microclimates of San Francisco create a system by which each neighborhood can have different weather at any given time, although this phenomenon tends to be less pronounced during the winter months.
This climatic phenomenon becomes apparent to visitors who walk downhill from 24th Street in the west from Noe Valley (where clouds from Twin Peaks in the west tend to accumulate on foggy days) towards Mission Street in the east, partly because Noe Valley is on higher ground whereas the Inner Mission is at a lower elevation.
The northeastern quadrant, adjacent to Potrero Hill is known as a center for high tech startup businesses including some chic bars and restaurants.
Prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries, the area which now includes the Mission District was inhabited by the Ohlone people who populated much of the San Francisco bay area.
It was here that a Spanish priest named Father Francisco Palóu founded Mission San Francisco de Asis on June 29, 1776.
Ranchos owned by Spanish-Mexican families such as the Valenciano, Guerrero, Dolores, Bernal, Noé and De Haro continued in the area, separated from the town of Yerba Buena, later renamed San Francisco (centered around Portsmouth Square) by a two-mile wooden plank road (later paved and renamed Mission Street).
The lands around the nearly abandoned mission church became a focal point of raffish attractions including bull and bear fighting, horse racing, baseball and dueling.
A famous beer parlor resort known as The Willows was located along Mission Creek just south of 18th Street between Mission Street and San Carlos Street.
From 1865 to 1891, a large conservatory and zoo known as Woodward's Gardens covered two city blocks bounded by Mission Street, Valencia Street, 13th Street, and 15th Street.
In the decades after the Gold Rush, the town of San Francisco quickly expanded, and the Mission lands were developed and subdivided into housing plots for working-class immigrants, largely German, Irish, and Italian, and also for industrial uses.
As the city grew in the decades following the Gold Rush, the Mission District became home to the first professional baseball stadium in California, opened in 1868 and known as Recreation Grounds seating 17,000 people which was located at Folsom and 25th Streets; a portion of the grounds remain as present day Garfield Square.
Also, in the 20th century, the Mission District was home to two other baseball stadiums, Recreation Park located at 14th and Valencia and Seals Stadium located at 16th and Bryant with both these stadiums being used by the baseball team named after the Mission District known as the Mission Reds and the San Francisco Seals.
During California's early statehood period, in the 19th and 20th century, large numbers of Irish and German immigrant workers moved into the area.
Around 1900, the Mission District was still one of San Francisco's least densely populated areas, with most of the inhabitants being white families from the working class and lower middle class who lived in single-family houses and two-family flats.
Development and settlement intensified after the 1906 earthquake, as many displaced businesses and residents moved into the area, making Mission Street a major commercial thoroughfare.
The Irish American community made its mark on the area during this time, with notable residents such as etymologist Peter Tamony calling the Mission home.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Chicano/Latino population in the western part of the Mission (including the Valencia Corridor) declined somewhat and more middle-class young people moved in, including gay and lesbian people (alongside the existing LGBTQ Latino population).
From the mid-1970s through the 1980s, the Valencia Street corridor included one of the most concentrated and visible lesbian neighborhoods in the United States.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s the Valencia Street corridor had a lively punk nightlife featuring the bands The Offs, The Avengers, the Dead Kennedys, Flipper, and several clubs including The Offensive, The Deaf Club, Valencia Tool & Die and The Farm.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the neighborhood received a higher influx of immigrants and refugees from Central America, South America, the Middle East and even the Philippines and former Yugoslavia, fleeing civil wars and political instability at the time.
These immigrants brought in many Central American banks and companies which would set up branches, offices, and regional headquarters on Mission Street.
A number of Latino American middle-class families as well as artists moved to the Outer Mission area, or out of the city entirely to the suburbs of East Bay and South Bay area.
Despite rising rent and housing prices, many Mexican and Central American immigrants continue to reside in the Mission, although the neighborhood's high rents and home prices have led to the Latino population dropping by 20% over the decade until 2011.
The Mission remains the cultural nexus and epicenter of San Francisco's Mexican/Chicano, and to a lesser extent, the Bay Area's Nicaraguan, Salvadoran and Guatemalan community.
As of 2017, the northern part of the Mission, together with the nearby Tenderloin, is home to a Mayan-speaking community, consisting of immigrants who have been arriving since the 1990s from Mexico's Yucatán region.
Their presence is reflected in the Mayan-language name of In Chan Kaajal Park, opened in 2017 north of 17th Street between Folsom and Shotwell Street.
Mission Dolores, the eponymous former mission located the far western border of the neighborhood on Dolores Street, continues to operate as a museum and as a California Historical Landmark, while the newer basilica built and opened next to it in 1918 continues to have an active congregation.
Dolores Park (Mission Dolores Park) is the largest park in the neighborhood, and one of the most popular parks in the city.
The San Francisco Armory is a castle-like building located at 14th and Mission that was built as an armory for the U.S. Army and California National Guard.
It served as the Headquarters of the 250th Coast Artillery from 1923 through 1944, and the 49th Infantry, also known as the 49ers, in the Cold War.
There is also a high concentration of Salvadoran, Guatemalan, and Nicaraguan restaurants there as well as a large number of street food vendors.
In the last couple decades a number of Mission restaurants have gained national attention, most notably the five restaurants who have received Michelin stars for 2017: Commonwealth, Lazy Bear, Aster, Californios, and Al's Place.
A large number of other restaurants are also popular, including: Mission Chinese Food, Western Donut, Mission Pie, Bar Tartine, La Taqueria, Papalote, Foreign Cinema on Mission Street, and Delfina on 18th.
Latino community artists and activists of the time organized to create community-based arts organizations that were reflective of the Latino aesthetic and cultural traditions.
The Mission Cultural Center for the Latino Arts, established by Latino artists and activists, is an art space that was founded in 1976 in a space that was formerly a furniture store.
The Mission's Galería de la Raza, founded by local artists active in el Movimiento (the Chicano civil rights movement), is a nationally recognized arts organization, also founded during this time of cultural and social renaissance in the Mission, in 1971.
Inspired by the festival in Rio de Janeiro, it is held in late May instead of the traditional late February to take advantage of better weather.
The first Carnaval in San Francisco happened in 1978, with less than 100 people dancing in a parade that went around Precita Park.
Alejandro Murguía (born 1949) is an American poet, short story writer, editor and filmmaker who was named San Francisco Poet Laureate in 2012.
Due to the existing cultural attractions, formerly less expensive housing and commercial space, and the high density of restaurants and drinking establishments, the Mission is a magnet for young people.
An independent arts community also arose and, since the 1990s, the area has been home to the Mission School art movement.
Many studios, galleries, performance spaces, and public art projects are located in the Mission, including 1890 Bryant St Studios, Southern Exposure, Art Explosion Studios, City Art Collective Gallery, Artists' Television Access, Savernack Street, and the oldest, alternative, not-for-profit art space in the city of San Francisco, Intersection for the Arts.
The Roxie Theater, the oldest continuously operating movie theater in San Francisco, is host to repertory and independent films as well as local film festivals.
Throughout the Mission walls and fences are decorated with murals initiated by the Chicano Art Mural Movement of the 1970s and inspired by the traditional Mexican paintings made famous by Diego Rivera.
Mariachi bands play in restaurants throughout the district, especially in the restaurants congregated around Valencia and Mission in the northeast portion of the district.
Elbo Room, a bar/live music venue on Valencia Street, is home to Afrolicious, and Dub Mission, a formerly weekly reggae/dub party started in 1996 by DJ Sep and over the years has brought many reggae and dub musicians to perform there.
), Los Da Rockstar, Gabz La Nueva Melodia, DJ Blaze, Loco C, Young Mix, Yung Dunn, Monk, and up-and-coming artist Skuchi to name a few.
Other prominent musicians and musical personalities include alternative rock bands and musicians Luscious Jackson, Faith No More, The Looters, Primus, Chuck Prophet & The Mission Express, Beck, Jawbreaker, and El Metate.
The neighborhood is served by the BART rail system with stations on Mission Street at 16th Street and 24th Street, by Muni bus numbers 9, 9R, 12, 14, 14R, 22, 27, 33, 48, 49, 67, and along the western edge by the J Church Muni Metro line, which runs down Church Street and San Jose Avenue.
The Mission District in the San Francisco Bay Area is a historic transit hub for the Chicano and the Latino community, especially on the 16th Street BART Plaza.
An atmosphere like a public market with live music and food trucks, it is also a commuting point for public transportation, which primarily serves low-income working-class people.
The majority of the residents that live in Mission District are of minorities and low-income families and uses this useful and open hub for gatherings and doing local businesses like food trucks.
However, because of the Dot-Com Boom that occurred in the 1990s and the rise of technology and social media, major technology companies like Google and Facebook have moved up their offices to places like Silicon Valley, south of the bay, that have now become the hot spot for tech companies.
The intense surge in demand for housing and low supply of available housing has placed upward pressure on rents in transit hubs like the Mission, leading to gentrification and the displacement of families and small businesses.
Those who subscribe to the theory speculate that the purpose of the chemical release may be solar radiation management, weather modification, psychological manipulation, human population control, or biological or chemical warfare, and that the trails are causing respiratory illnesses and other health problems.
There is no evidence that purported chemtrails differ from normal water-based contrails routinely left by high-flying aircraft under certain atmospheric conditions.
Because of the persistence of the conspiracy theory and questions about government involvement, scientists and government agencies around the world have repeatedly explained that the supposed chemtrails are in fact normal contrails.
The theories were posted on Internet forums by people including Richard Finke and William Thomas, and were among many conspiracy theories popularized by late-night radio host Art Bell, starting in 1999.
A multi-agency response attempting to dispel the rumors was published in 2000 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The conspiracy theories are seldom covered by the mainstream media, and when they are, they are usually cast as an example of anti-government paranoia.
Proponents of the chemtrail conspiracy theory find support for their theories in their interpretations of sky phenomena, videos posted to the internet, and reports about government programs; they also have certain beliefs about the goals of the alleged conspiracy and the effects of its alleged efforts and generally take certain actions based on those beliefs.
Proponents of the chemtrail conspiracy theory say that chemtrails can be distinguished from contrails by their long duration, asserting that the chemtrails are those trails left by aircraft that persist for as much as a half day or transform into cirrus-like clouds.
The proponents claim that after 1995 contrails had a different chemical composition and lasted a lot longer on the sky; proponents fail to acknowledge evidence of long-lasting contrails shown in World War II era photographs.
Proponents characterize contrails as streams that persist for hours and that, with their criss-cross, grid-like or parallel stripe patterns, eventually blend to form large clouds.
Proponents view the presence of visible color spectra in the streams, unusual concentrations of sky tracks in a single area, or lingering tracks left by unmarked or military airplanes flying at atypical altitudes or locations as markers of chemtrails.
Photographs of barrels installed in the passenger space of an aircraft for flight test purposes have been claimed to show aerosol dispersion systems.
The barrels are filled with water, and the water can be pumped from barrel to barrel in order to test different centers of gravity while the aircraft is in flight.
In the report the air underneath a crosshatch of supposed chemtrails was measured and apparently found to contain unsafe levels of barium: at 6.8 parts per million, three times the US nationally recommended limit.
A subsequent analysis of the footage showed, however, that the equipment had been misused, and the reading exaggerated by a factor of 100—the true level of barium measured was both usual and safe.
In May 2014 a video that went viral showed a commercial passenger airplane landing on a foggy night, which was described as emitting chemtrails.
In October 2014, Englishman Chris Bovey filmed a video of a plane jettisoning fuel on a flight from Buenos Aires to London, which had to dump fuel to lighten its load for an emergency landing in São Paulo.
The clip went viral on Facebook, with over three million views and more than 52,000 shares, cited as evidence of chemtrails.
He later disclosed that the video post was done as a prank, and consequently, he was subjected to some vitriolic abuse and threats from several conspiracy believers.
There are websites dedicated to the conspiracy theory, and it is particularly favored by right-wing groups because it fits well with deep suspicion of government.
A 2014 review of 20 chemtrail websites found that believers appeal to science in some of their arguments, but do not believe what academic or government-employed scientists say; scientists and federal agencies have consistently denied that chemtrails exist, explaining the sky tracks are simply persistent contrails.
The review also found that believers generally hold that chemtrails are evidence of a global conspiracy; they allege various goals which include profit (for example, manipulating futures prices, or making people sick to benefit drug companies), population control, or weapons testing (use of weather as a weapon, or testing bioweapons).
One of these ideas is that clouds are being seeded with electrically conductive materials as part of a massive electromagnetic superweapons program based around the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP).
Believers say chemtrails are toxic; the 2014 review found that they generally hold that every person is under attack and often express fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger about this.
A 2011 study of people from the US, Canada, and the UK found that 2.6% of the sample believed entirely in the conspiracy theory, and 14% believed it partially.
For example, they often attend events and conferences on geoengineering, and have sent threats to academics working in the geoengineering field.
The bill received an unfavorable evaluation from the United States Department of Defense and died in committee, with no mention of chemtrails appearing in the text of any of the three subsequent failed attempts by Kucinich to enact a Space Preservation Act.
Some chemtrail believers have built cloudbusters filled with crystals and metal filings, which are pointed at the sky in an attempt to clear it of chemtrails.
Chemtrail believers sometimes gather samples and have them tested, rather than rely on reports from government or academic laboratories, but their experiments are usually flawed; for example collecting samples in jars with metal lids contaminates the sample and is not done in scientific testing.
Hot humid air from the engine exhaust mixes with the colder surrounding air, causing the water vapor to condense into droplets or ice crystals that form visible clouds.
It is well established by atmospheric scientists that contrails can persist for hours, and that it is normal for them to spread out into cirrus sheets.
Contrails can have a lateral spread of several kilometers, and given sufficient air traffic, it is possible for contrails to create an entirely overcast sky that increases the ice budget of individual contrails and persists for hours.
Experts on atmospheric phenomena say that the characteristics attributed to chemtrails are simply features of contrails responding to diverse conditions in terms of sunlight, temperature, horizontal and vertical wind shear, and humidity levels present at the aircraft's altitude.
In the US, the gridlike nature of the National Airspace System's flight lanes tends to cause crosshatched contrails, and in general it is hard to discern from the ground whether overlapping contrails are at similar altitudes or not.
The jointly published fact sheet produced by NASA, the EPA, the FAA, and NOAA in 2000 in response to alarms over chemtrails details the science of contrail formation, and outlines both the known and potential impacts contrails have on temperature and climate.
Throughout the Tokugawa period, earth from the shogunate's extensive moat and canal excavations was systematically used to fill in the marshes along the river, creating new commercial districts and waterfront housing.
The Great Fire of Meireki of 1657 destroyed over two-thirds of Edo's buildings, including Hongan-ji temple in Asakusa, the enormous Kantō headquarters of the Jōdo Shinshū sect.
As a result, the temple site was relocated to Tsukiji, where many of the residents of nearby Tsukudajima were instrumental in its reconstruction.
As the Yokohama foreign settlement, opened in 1859, had already become a center for commercial activities and international trade, Tsukiji grew more as a focus for education, healthcare and Christian mission work.
Early classroom and study facilities for Keio University, Rikkyo University, St. Margaret's Junior College, the American School in Japan and St. Luke's International Hospital were all to be found in this district.
From 1875 to 1890 the United States legation also occupied a site in Tsukiji now occupied by the St. Luke's Garden complex.
Tsukiji was also the location from 1869 of the Imperial Japanese Navy technical training facilities, renamed in 1876 as the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy.
The Tsukiji naval buildings next to the Akibashi bridge then became home, until 1923, of the Naval War College, a post-graduate staff college for senior naval officers.
The Great Kantō earthquake on September 1, 1923, and the resultant fires which raged in its aftermath, caused severe damage throughout central Tokyo.
In the citywide restructuring following the quake, the Nihonbashi fish market was relocated to the Tsukiji district, and after the construction of a modern market facility, reopened in 1935.
Rikkyo Junior High School was established in Tsujiki in 1896 but the building was destroyed by the Great Kanto earthquake, so a new building in Ikebukuro opened in 1923.
It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.
Actual depth of the topsoil layer can be measured as the depth from the surface to the first densely packed soil layer known as subsoil.
Commercially available topsoil (manufactured or naturally occurring) in the United Kingdom should be classified to British Standard BS 3882 with the current version dated 2015.
The standard has several classifications of topsoil with the final classification requiring material to meet certain threshold criteria such as Nutrient Content, Extractable Phytotoxic Elements, Particle Size Distribution, Organic Matter Content, Carbon:Nitrogen ratio, Electrical Conductivity, Loss on Ignition, pH, Chemical and Physical Contamination.
The topsoil should be sampled in accordance with the British Standard and European Norm BS EN 12579:2013 Soil improvers and growing media - Sampling.
During construction of garden areas for housing plots the topsoil should be underlain by a layer of suitably certified subsoil that conforms to the British Standard BS 8601:2013 Specification for subsoil and requirements for use.
These uses are limited to specific site scenarios and acceptance should be on a case by case basis for construction projects.
Topsoil is the primary resource for plants to grow and crops to thrive and the main two parameters for this are Carbon and Nitrogen.
The Carbon provides energy and Nitrogen is a tissue builder and plants require them in a range of ratios to enable suitable growth.
This ensures that the soil has a suitable energy reserve as well as tissue building material to enable the plants to thrive.
A sawdust typically has a carbonaceous base and this a high C:N ratio (in the order of c. 400:1) while an Alfalfa Hay has a low carbonaceous content and can typically have a C:N ratio in the order of 12:1.
Sustainable techniques attempt to slow erosion through the use of cover crops in order to build organic matter in the soil.
This is of great ecological concern as one inch of topsoil can take between 500 and 1,000 years to form naturally.
Because of its use in commercial application and due to the environmental concerns regarding erosion, it is important for consumers to accurately determine how much topsoil they need for a given project.
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
The general manager is also normally the person who hires and fires the coaching staff, including the field manager who acts as the head coach.
Before the 1960s, and in some rare cases today, a person with the general manager title in sports has also borne responsibility for the non-player operations of the ballclub, such as ballpark administration and broadcasting.
Ed Barrow, George Weiss and Gabe Paul were three baseball GMs noted for their administrative skills in both player and non-player duties.
In the first decades of baseball's post-1901 modern era, responsibilities for player acquisition fell with the club owner and/or president and the field manager.
In some cases, particularly in the early years of the American League, the owner was a former player or manager himself: Charles Comiskey of the Chicago White Sox, Connie Mack of the Philadelphia Athletics, and Clark Griffith of the Washington Senators are three prominent examples.
Other owners tended to be magnates from the business world, or some, like Brooklyn Dodgers' president Charles Ebbets, worked their way from front-office jobs into ownership positions.
Dreyfuss had no playing background, but was one of the most astute judges of talent of his time; under him, Pittsburgh won six National League pennants and two World Series titles.
The New York Giants' John McGraw, who also held a minority ownership stake in the team, is an example of a powerful manager who, during his three decades at the Giants' helm, exerted control over off-field aspects of the team's operation.
According to Baseball Almanac, the first man to hold the title of general manager was Billy Evans when he was appointed by the Cleveland Indians in 1927.
They assumed those positions (Barrow in 1920 and Rickey five years later) when clubs could legally control only 15 minor league players on option, and most young players were purchased or drafted from independently owned minor league teams.
Owners Charlie Finley of the Oakland Athletics and Calvin Griffith of the Minnesota Twins functioned as their own chiefs of baseball operations.
During the 1970s and 1980s, Alvin Dark of the Cleveland Indians, Billy Martin of the Athletics (after Finley sold them in 1981), and Whitey Herzog of the Cardinals combined manager and general manager duties, while Paul Owens of the Philadelphia Phillies and Jack McKeon of the San Diego Padres were general managers who appointed themselves field managers and held both posts.
One of the reasons for the creation of this new position cited by SBD in 2015 is the soaring costs and revenues associated with modern MLB operations.
Three months later, the same publication and author (Professor Glenn M. Wong of the University of Massachusetts–Amherst) revisited the topic and compared the evolving job descriptions and career trajectories of general managers and POBOs.
In 2016, SBD writer Eric Fisher cited the growing importance of data analytics in playing personnel evaluations and long-term planning (in addition to in game strategy), and heavier investments in player development, domestically and internationally, as contributing to the POBO movement and other structural changes in baseball front offices.
On March 31, 2005, Katsuyama, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
To coincide with the 2005 merger, Katsuyama residents were given a book commemorating the last 50 years of Katsuyama's existence as a town and a special purple cloth with the town logo imprinted on it.
Local to Katsuyama is the , the only Okayama waterfall on the list of Japan's Top 100 Waterfalls and home to Japanese macaque monkeys.
Recently, Katsuyama has also become known for its noren adorning the shops and houses along a 1km stretch of the Katsuyama Historical Preservation District, wherein the Edo Period landscape of the town remains.
Also famous is Gozenshu sake made by Katsuyama's Tsuji Honten brewery which has been in the town since the early 1800s, having relocated from nearby Ochiai.
On March 31, 2005, Ochiai, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
On March 31, 2005, Yubara, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse and Ochiai, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
The waters are said to have healing effects on those suffering from diabetes, chronic women's diseases, chronic skin disease, cuts and burns.
On March 31, 2005, Kuse, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami, Mikamo and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
On March 31, 2005, Mikamo, along with the town of Hokubō (from Jōbō District), and towns of Katsuyama, Kuse, Ochiai and Yubara, and the villages of Chūka, Kawakami and Yatsuka (all from Maniwa District) were merged to create the city of Maniwa.
Many of these buildings used to be hotels that were built to accommodate the sankin kōtai annual mandatory processions of feudal lords from their domains to the capital and back.
It is also said that Emperor Go-Toba passed this way in exile on his way to an island in the Sea of Japan where he died.
On February 28, 2005, Kamo, along with the village of Aba (also from Tomata District), the town of Shōboku (from Katsuta District), and the town of Kume (from Kume District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsuyama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Yellowstone National Park in the northwest United States is home to a large variety of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians, many of which migrate within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
They are obligate herbivores, a grazer of grasslands and sedges in the meadows, the foothills, and even the high-elevation, forested plateaus of Yellowstone.
Both stand approximately six feet tall at the shoulder, and can move with surprising speed to defend their young or when approached too closely by people.
Yellowstone is the only place in the lower 48 states where a population of wild American bison has persisted since prehistoric times, although fewer than 50 native bison remained there in 1902.
Fearing extinction, the park imported 21 bison from two privately owned herds, as foundation stock for a bison ranching project that spanned 50 years at the Lamar Buffalo Ranch in Yellowstone's Lamar Valley.
All bison herd reduction activities were phased out after 1966, again allowing natural ecological processes to determine bison numbers and distribution.
Due to their high digestibility, and protein and lipid content, spawning cutthroat trout are one of the highest sources of net digestible energy for grizzly bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem.
Cutthroat trout are an important late-spring and early-summer food source for bears, providing them the opportunity to regain body mass after den emergence, and assisting females with cubs meet the energetic demands of lactation.
The average lifespan of a grizzly bear is about 22 years, and the average lifespan of a black bear is about 17 years.
Grizzly bears, black bears, and gray wolves have historically coexisted in much of the same range throughout a large portion of North America.
Bears were attracted to these areas by the availability of human foods in the form of handouts and unsecured camp groceries and garbage.
Although having bears readily visible along roadsides and within developed areas was very popular with park visitors, an average of 48 bear-caused human injuries occurred each year from 1930 through 1969.
The objectives were restoring the grizzly bear and black bear populations to subsistence on natural forage, and reducing bear-caused injuries to humans.
Over a hundred grizzly bears had to be euthanized in the next several years, putting the park's bear population on the brink of extinction.
On July 28, 1975, under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed the grizzly bear as a threatened species in the lower 48 states.
Over the next several decades, the bears learned to hunt and forage for themselves from non-human food sources, and their population slowly grew.
In the years since it was listed as a threatened species, the Yellowstone grizzly bear population has increased from 136 to more than 500 by 2007, and at least 640 by 2017.
Grizzly bear-inflicted injuries to humans in developed areas averaged approximately one per year during the 1930s through the 1950s, and four per year during the 1960s.
Human injuries from black bears have decreased from averages of 46 per year from 1931 to 1969, to four per year during the 1970s, and less than one per year from 1980 to 2002.
By 1912, despite a disease (scab) contracted from domestic sheep, bighorns in the park had increased to more than 200 and travelers could find them with fair certainty by devoting a few days to searching around Mount Everts, Mount Washburn or other well-known ranges.
In 1960, a bobcat was killed by a car near Squaw Lake (now Indian Pond) on the north shore of Yellowstone Lake; its skull was deposited in the Yellowstone Museum collection.
In 1960, a young bobcat was reported on the porch of the administration building at Mammoth; other young bobcats have been reported at Pebble Creek bridge (February 1977) and at Canyon campground (July 1986), where one accompanied an adult bobcat.
No research has been conducted in Yellowstone to determine the numbers or distribution of this elusive animal that usually is solitary, nocturnal, and widely scattered over its range.
Unlike Canadian lynx, which they resemble, bobcats elsewhere have been highly adaptable to human-caused changes in environmental conditions; some biologists believe that there are more bobcats in the United States today than in colonial times.
Yellowstone has many rock outcrops, canyons bordered by rock ledges, conifer forests, and semi-open areas that seem to offer conditions favorable for bobcats—adequate shelter, a variety of rodents, rabbits, hares, birds, and other small animals as well as seasonal carrion, for food.
Studies elsewhere have shown that bobcats also may kill both young and adult antelope and deer; they stalk bedded adults and may be carried long distances while biting their prey in the neck.
Biologists studying the lynx in Yellowstone believe it has persisted in the park in some number since the park's creation in 1872.
A four-year study completed in 2005 concluded there is a small resident population of lynx in the park, but it is rarely seen directly or indirectly (tracks) by either biologists or visitors.
Coyotes live an average of about 6 years, although one Yellowstone coyote lived to be more than 13 before she was killed and eaten by a cougar.
The coyote is a common predator in the park, often seen alone or in packs, traveling through the park's wide open valleys hunting small mammals.
The reintroduction of wolves in 1995 has significantly decreased the coyote population, although those who remain often scavenge from wolf kills.
Throughout the restoration project, coyote research has continued, with an eye toward identifying the interactions between coyotes and wolves and on assessing the effects of wolves on coyote populations.
During planning and environmental assessment of the effects of wolf restoration, biologists anticipated that coyotes would compete with the larger canid, perhaps resulting in disruption of packs and numerical declines.
Coyotes occasionally lose their wariness of humans and frequent roadsides or developed areas, becoming conditioned to human food by receiving handouts or picking up food scraps.
Not until after 1886, when the United States Army was called in to protect the park and wildlife slaughter was brought under control, did the large animals increase in number.
The Northern Herd, the only herd that winters in the park, has declined from nearly 20,000 animals in 1994 to less than 4,000 in 2013.
The subspecies of elk that lives here are found from Arizona to northern Canada along the Rocky Mountain chain; other species of elk were historically distributed from coast to coast, but disappeared from the eastern United States in the early 19th century.
Antler growth ceases each year by August, when the velvet dries up and bulls begin to scrape it off by rubbing against trees, in preparation for the autumn mating season or rut.
A bull may gather 20-30 cows into his harem during the mating season, often clashing or locking antlers with another mature male for the privilege of dominating the herd group.
Subsequent protection from hunting and wolf control programs may have contributed to increased numbers but suppression of forest fires probably was the most important factor, since moose here depend on mature fir forests for winter survival.
The winter following the fires many old moose died, probably as a combined result of the loss of good moose forage and a harsh winter.
The fires forced some moose into poorer habitats, with the result that some almost doubled their home range, using deeper snow areas than previously, and sometimes browsing burned lodgepole pines.
Moose are commonly observed in the park's southwestern corner along the Bechler and Fall rivers, in the riparian zones around Yellowstone Lake, in the Soda Butte Creek, Pelican Creek, Lewis River, and Gallatin River drainages, and in the Willow Park area between Mammoth and Norris.
They migrated into the park and breeding populations established themselves in the northwestern and northeastern regions of the park in the 1990s.
Surveys in 2002 and 2003 suggest that ridgetop vegetation cover is lower, and barren areas along alpine ridges are more prevalent in areas with relatively high goat use.
Mountain lions can weigh up to 200 pounds (~90 kg), although lions in Yellowstone are thought to range between 140 and 160 pounds (~65 and ~70 kg) for males and around 100 pounds (45 kg) for females.
Reports of lions in Yellowstone have increased steadily from 1 each year between 1930 and 1939 to about 16 each year between 1980 and 1988.
The research documented population dynamics of mountain lions in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem inside and outside the park boundary, determined home ranges and habitat requirements, and assessed the role of lions as a predator in the ecosystem.
Between 1914 and 1926, at least 136 wolves were killed in the park; by the 1940s, wolf packs were rarely reported.
By the 1970s, scientists found no evidence of a wolf population in Yellowstone; wolves persisted in the lower 48 states only in northern Minnesota and on Isle Royale in Michigan.
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service provides weekly updates on the wolves of the Rocky Mountain region including wolves of Yellowstone.
This site has stated that at the end of 2011 there was at least 98 wolves in ten packs and two loner wolves in the park.
There are at least 50 small mammal species known to occur in Yellowstone National Park, including four common species of bats: big brown bat, little brown bat, long-legged bat, and silver-haired bat.
Squirrel, rabbit, skunk, raccoon, badger, otter, vole, mice, and shrew species are common, but many are nocturnal and rarely seen by visitors.
In 1998, beaver populations were making a comeback and an estimated 500 beavers were living in the park with the densest colonial in the Bechler River and Fall River region, the Yellowstone River delta above Yellowstone Lake and the lower Madison River and its tributaries.
Although Yellowstone is not a birding mecca because of its high altitude and cold winters, it is home to a variety of interesting bird species that attract visitor attention every year.
The park has a good resident population of bald eagles, trumpeter swans, common loons, ospreys, American white pelicans, and sandhill cranes.
The extensive rivers, lakes and wetlands are summer homes to large numbers of waterfowl, while the forests and meadows host many different species of warblers, sparrows and other passerine birds.
Although no Yellowstone reptile or amphibian species are currently listed as threatened or endangered, several — including the boreal toad — are thought to be declining in the West.
In 1991 park staff began cooperating with researchers from Idaho State University to sample additional park habitats for reptiles and amphibians.
The relatively undisturbed nature of the park and the baseline data may prove useful in testing hypotheses concerning the apparent declines of several species of toads and frogs in the western United States.
Reptile and amphibian population declines may be caused by such factors as drought, pollution, disease, predation, habitat loss and fragmentation, introduced fish and other non-native species.
Yellowstone cutthroat trout generally declined in the second half of the 20th century due to angler overharvest, competition with exotic fishes, and overzealous egg collection.
Populations rebounded in the park after the advent of catch-and-release-only fishing rules in the 1970s, but new and aggressive invaders are causing an increasing threat to these native fish and alarming park fisheries biologists.
Throughout the west cutthroat trout populations preyed upon by introduced lake trout have typically declined, exhibited lower growth, or have disappeared.
Aggressive lake trout control efforts by the National Park Service and no harvest limits have resulted in removing thousands of lake trout from Yellowstone Lake since 1994, including more than 12,000 in 2000.
Still, the number of Yellowstone cutthroat trout monitored during the annual fall count in Yellowstone Lake was lower in recent years than at any other time in the 25-year history of the monitoring effort.
Whirling disease, which has been implicated in recent years in the decline of trout populations in many western states, was discovered in Yellowstone Lake in 1998.
So far, it is unclear which of these two nonnative invaders has been the greater factor in the decline of Yellowstone cutthroat trout, but there is no question they are causing it.
Yellowstone National Park represents approximately 91% of the current range of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and contains 85% of the historical lake habitat for this subspecies, so the park is considered crucial to the survival of the species.
As of 2003 (before the merger), the village had an estimated population of 817 and a density of 10.73 persons per km².
On March 1, 2005, Tomi, along with the town of Okutsu, and the village of Kamisaibara (all from Tomata District), was merged into the expanded town of Kagamino.
As of 2003 (before the merger), the village had an estimated population of 1,732 and a density of 13.24 persons per km².
On March 1, 2005, Okutsu, along with the villages of Kamisaibara and Tomi (all from Tomata District), was merged into the expanded town of Kagamino.
Dulce Base is the subject of a conspiracy theory claiming that a jointly-operated human and alien underground facility exists under Archuleta Mesa on the Colorado-New Mexico border near the town of Dulce, New Mexico, in the United States.
The story spread rapidly within the UFO community and by 1987, UFOlogist John Lear claimed he had independent confirmations of the base's existence.
Residents of Dulce claim to have seen UFOs, moving lights, and other unexplained sights in the area, which has little economic activity.
As of 2003 (before the merger), the village had an estimated population of 914 and a density of 10.10 persons per km².
On March 1, 2005, Kamisaibara, along with the town of Okutsu, and the village of Tomi (all from Tomata District), was merged into the expanded town of Kagamino.
After discovery, the Ningyō-tōge Office of Atomic Fuel Corporation (now called the Ningyō-tōge Environmental Engineering Center of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency) was built in 1957.
On February 28, 2005, Aba, along with the town of Kamo (also from Tomata District), the town of Shōboku (from Katsuta District), and the town of Kume (from Kume District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsuyama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On March 1, 2005 Kagamino absorbed the town of Okutsu, and the villages of Kamisaibara and Tomi, all from Tomata District, to form the new town of Kagamino, with a combined total area of .
As of 2003 (before the merger), the town had an estimated population of 11,188 and a density of 91.52 persons per km².
On March 31, 2005, Katsuta, along with the towns of Mimasaka (former), Aida, Ōhara and Sakutō, and the village of Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), was merged to create the city of Mimasaka.
Measures were implemented to encourage having more children, including providing free medical care to children aged 18 or under, helping students going to high schools outside the town with their commuting expenses, and providing day care for sick children, as well as providing cheap rental properties and paying birth gifts of up to ¥400,000.
On February 28, 2005, Shōboku, along with the town of Kamo, the village of Aba (both from Tomata District), and the town of Kume (from Kume District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsuyama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On March 31, 2005, Ōhara, along with the towns of Mimasaka, Aida and Sakutō, the village of Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), and the town of Katsuta (from Katsuta District), was merged to create the city of Mimasaka.
Since March 4, 1999, the village of Ōhara located in the japanese province of Mimasaka cradle of Miyamoto Musashi is twinned with the inhabitants of Gleizé in the presence of Sensei Tadashi Chihara tenth descendant of Miyamoto Musashi under the mandate of Ōhara Mayor Yuki Hiroshi, as well as the mayor of Gleizé Mrs. Élisabeth Lamure.
With the new mayor Fukuda Yoshiaki, and the arrival of the mayor of Gleizé, the inauguration of the took place with several Japanese authorities.
The Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Memorial in Gleizé guarantees the memory of these relations as well as the regions and countries that officially joined him ; successively Japan, France, Cambodia, ASEAN, Russia and at the same time, the province of Mimasaka, the Rhône-Alpes region, the Center region and the Burgundy region.
On March 31, 2005, Higashiawakura, along with the towns of Mimasaka (former), Aida, Ōhara and Sakutō (all from Aida District), and the town of Katsuta (from Katsuta District), was merged to create the city of Mimasaka.
As of March 31, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 28,502 (34,338 in 2004) and a population density of 66 persons per km².
The modern city of Mimasaka was founded on March 31, 2005 by the merger of the former town of Mimasaka, absorbing the towns of Aida, Ōhara and Sakutō, the village Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), and the town of Katsuta (from Katsuta District).
On March 31, 2005, Sakutō, along with the towns of Mimasaka (former), Aida and Ōhara, the village of Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), and the town of Katsuta (from Katsuta District), was merged to create the city of Mimasaka.
On March 31, 2005, Aida, along with the towns of Mimasaka (former), Ōhara and Sakutō, the village of Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), and the town of Katsuta (from Katsuta District), was merged to create the city of Mimasaka.
On March 22, 2005, Chūō, along with the towns of Asahi and Yanahara (all from Kume District), was merged to create the town of Misaki.
Poste Maurice Cortier was a desert halt in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria, along the way from Algiers to French Sudan.
On March 22, 2005, Asahi, along with the towns of Chūō and Yanahara (all from Kume District), was merged to create the town of Misaki.
On February 28, 2005, Kume, along with the town of Kamo, the village of Aba (both from Tomata District), and the town of Shōboku (from Katsuta District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsuyama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
On March 22, 2005, Yanahara, along with the towns of Asahi and Chūō (all from Kume District), was merged to create the town of Misaki.
Iona Victoria Campagnolo, (née Hardy, born October 18, 1932) is a Canadian politician, and was the 27th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia and the first woman to hold the office.
Born Iona Victoria Hardy on Galiano Island, she got her start in politics in 1966 when she was elected an alderwoman in the city council of Prince Rupert, British Columbia.
In 1974, she turned to federal politics, running successfully as a Liberal Party candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in the riding of Skeena.
Although Campagnolo herself dismissed it (and patted Turner right back), the incident was used to paint Turner as being out of touch with contemporary women's issues.
Campagnolo ran in North Vancouver—Burnaby in the September 1984 election but was defeated in the Mulroney landslide that reduced Turner's Liberals to 40 seats.
In 1992, Iona Campagnolo was elected as the founding chancellor of the University of Northern British Columbia and served in the position until 1998.
In 2001, on the advice of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, she was appointed by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson as British Columbia's first female Lieutenant Governor.
However, as she was already a Member of The Queen's Privy Council for Canada before she became Lieutenant-Governor, she was already styled The Honourable.
The winner of the Mr. Olympia title for eight years in a row, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time.
Alongside his eight Mr. Olympia wins, he held the record for most wins as an IFBB professional with 26 titles (since broken by Dexter Jackson).
After graduation, he failed to find work as an accountant and instead went to work at a Domino's Pizza outlet, where he would eat the complimentary pizza every day due to being so poor that he could barely afford to eat outside of work.
He then became a police officer in Arlington, Texas, where he served as an officer from 1989 to 2000 and a reserve officer until 2003.
Dobson offered Coleman a free lifetime membership if he allowed Dobson to train him for the upcoming Mr. Texas bodybuilding competition that year.
His rise at the top in the professional circuit of bodybuilding was relatively slow: for his first participation at the Mr. Olympia contest (the most prestigious worldwide) in 1992, he wasn't ranked; then in 1994 he placed 15th, then 10th in 1995, 6th in 1996, and 9th in 1997 when Dorian Yates won his sixth and last title before retiring.
In 2001, he became the first man to win both the Arnold Classic and the Mr. Olympia titles the same year (only Dexter Jackson has repeated this feat, in 2008).
He finally lost the Mr. Olympia title in 2006 when Jay Cutler finally beat him after placing second three consecutive years; it was only the second time in the history of the contest that a reigning champion having won more than once lost his title while still competing (after Sergio Oliva losing to Arnold Schwarzenegger in 1970).
When training, Coleman preferred to use free weights rather than machines in order to maximize his flexibility and range of motion.
He was the recipient of the 2001 Admiral in the Texas Navy Certificate Award from Texas Governor Rick Perry for outstanding achievements in bodybuilding and for the promotion of physical fitness.
In 2011, he launched Ronnie Coleman Signature Series, a company that provides sports nutrition and wellness products for bodybuilders and other athletes.
The extreme weights he used over the course of his career competing as a powerlifter and then a bodybuilder (like squats and deadlifts with 800 lbs) took a toll on his body, and since 2007 he has had to undergo a series of surgeries: two hip replacements and various attempts at alleviating chronic pain from damaged intervertebral discs.
Coleman later revealed that he has continued to train despite his deteriorated condition, but could only use light weights now to try to prevent muscle loss, and that some of those surgeries (each one costing between $300,000 and $500,000) had such poor outcomes that he may never be able to walk unassisted again.
He feels no regret, though, considering that he was determined to be at the top at any cost, and that, if anything, he regrets not having done even more to set his mark and consolidate his legacy.
Coleman met French-Lebanese personal trainer Rouaida Christine Achkar at a sports exposition in Paris on March 22, 1998, and they were married in Beirut on December 28, 2007.
Quoted-Printable, or QP encoding, is a binary-to-text encoding system using printable ASCII characters (alphanumeric and the equals sign codice_1) to transmit 8-bit data over a 7-bit data path or, generally, over a medium which is not 8-bit clean.
MIME defines mechanisms for sending other kinds of information in e-mail, including text in languages other than English, using character encodings other than ASCII.
However, these encodings often use byte values outside the ASCII range so they need to be encoded further before they are suitable for use in a non-8-bit-clean environment.
So, Quoted-Printable is not a character encoding scheme itself, but a data coding layer to be used under some byte-oriented character encoding.
If the text to be encoded does not contain many non-ASCII characters, then Quoted-Printable results in a fairly readable and compact encoded result.
Base64 is not human-readable, but has a uniform overhead for all data and is the more sensible choice for binary formats or text in a script other than Latin script.
Any 8-bit byte value may be encoded with 3 characters: an codice_1 followed by two hexadecimal digits (codice_4–codice_5 or codice_6–codice_7) representing the byte's numeric value.
ASCII tab and space characters, decimal values 9 and 32, may be represented by themselves, except if these characters would appear at the end of the encoded line.
In that case, they would need to be escaped as codice_12 (tab) or codice_13 (space), or be followed by a codice_1 (soft line break) as the last character of the encoded line.
This last solution is valid because it prevents the tab or space from being the last character of the encoded line.
If the data being encoded contains meaningful line breaks, they must be encoded as an ASCII CR LF sequence, not as their original byte values, neither directly nor via codice_1 signs.
Conversely, if byte values 13 and 10 have meanings other than end of line (in media types, for example), then they must be encoded as codice_16 and codice_17 respectively.
A soft line break consists of an codice_1 at the end of an encoded line, and does not appear as a line break in the decoded text.
These soft line breaks also allow encoding text without line breaks (or containing very long lines) for an environment where line size is limited, such as the 1000 characters per line limit of some SMTP software, as allowed by RFC 2821.
Human echolocation is the ability of humans to detect objects in their environment by sensing echoes from those objects, by actively creating sounds: for example, by tapping their canes, lightly stomping their foot, snapping their fingers, or making clicking noises with their mouths.
People trained to orient by echolocation can interpret the sound waves reflected by nearby objects, accurately identifying their location and size.
Only in the 1940s did a series of experiments performed in the Cornell Psychological Laboratory show that sound and hearing, rather than pressure changes on the skin, were the mechanisms driving this ability.
Many blind individuals passively use natural environmental echoes to sense details about their environment; however, others actively produce mouth clicks and are able to gauge information about their environment using the echoes from those clicks.
However, with training, sighted individuals with normal hearing can learn to avoid obstacles using only sound, showing that echolocation is a general human ability.
Both systems can extract a great deal of information about the environment by interpreting the complex patterns of reflected energy that they receive.
With echoes, a blind traveler can perceive very complex, detailed, and specific information from distances far beyond the reach of the longest cane or arm.
Echoes make information available about the nature and arrangement of objects and environmental features such as overhangs, walls, doorways and recesses, poles, ascending curbs and steps, planter boxes, pedestrians, fire hydrants, parked or moving vehicles, trees and other foliage, and much more.
Echoes can give detailed information about location (where objects are), dimension (how big they are and their general shape), and density (how solid they are).
Something that is broad and tall in the middle, while being shorter at either end may be identified as a parked car.
And finally, something that starts out close and very low but recedes into the distance as it gets higher is a set of steps.
For instance, an object that is low and solid may be recognized as a table, while something low and sparse sounds like a bush; but an object that is tall and broad and very sparse is probably a fence.
Some blind people are skilled at echolocating silent objects simply by producing mouth clicks and listening to the returning echoes, for example Ben Underwood.
Although few studies have been performed on the neural basis of human echolocation, those studies report activation of primary visual cortex during echolocation in blind expert echolocators.
In a 2014 study by Thaler and colleagues, the researchers first made recordings of the clicks and their very faint echoes using tiny microphones placed in the ears of the blind echolocators as they stood outside and tried to identify different objects such as a car, a flag pole, and a tree.
The researchers then played the recorded sounds back to the echolocators while their brain activity was being measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Remarkably, when the echolocation recordings were played back to the blind experts, not only did they perceive the objects based on the echoes, but they also showed activity in those areas of their brain that normally process visual information in sighted people, primarily primary visual cortex or V1.
The brain areas that process auditory information were no more activated by sound recordings of outdoor scenes containing echoes than they were by sound recordings of outdoor scenes with the echoes removed.
Importantly, when the same experiment was carried out with sighted people who did not echolocate, these individuals could not perceive the objects and there was no echo-related activity anywhere in the brain.
This suggests that the cortex of blind echolocators is plastic and reorganizes such that primary visual cortex, rather than any auditory area, becomes involved in the computation of echolocation tasks.
Despite this evidence, the extent to which activation in the visual cortex in blind echolocators contributes to echolocation abilities is unclear.
Echolocation has been further developed by Daniel Kish, who works with the blind through the non-profit organization World Access for the Blind.
He is able to distinguish a metal fence from a wooden one by the information returned by the echoes on the arrangement of the fence structures; in extremely quiet conditions, he can also hear the warmer and duller quality of the echoes from wood compared to metal.
Thomas Tajo was born in the remote Himalayan village of Chayang Tajo in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in the north-east India and became blind around the age of 7 or 8 due to optic nerve atrophy.
Today he lives in Belgium and works with Visioneers or World Access to impart independent navigational skills to blind individuals across the world.
He researches the cultural and biological evolutionary history of the senses and presents his findings to the scientific conferences around the world.
He was diagnosed with retinal cancer at the age of two and had his eyes removed at the age of three.
About 1998, he visited the Auditory Neuroethology Laboratory at the University of Maryland and was interviewed about his experience with facial vision.
Scadden indicated that he found echolocation required extra effort, and would not use it to navigate in familiar areas unless he was alert for obstacles, thus providing insight into the bat behavior.
The Regional Alliance of Science, Engineering and Mathematics for Students with Disabilities (RASEM) and the Science Education for Students With Disabilities (SESD), a Special Interest Group of the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) have created the Lawrence A. Scadden Outstanding Teacher Award of the Year for Students With Disabilities in his honor.
He is believed to be one of the first British people to learn to visualise his surroundings using echolocation, and was taught by Daniel Kish.
The scientist Kevin Warwick experimented with feeding ultrasonic pulses into the brain (via electrical stimulation from a neural implant) as an additional sensory input.
Being born blind, she has developed hyper-sensitive mechanoreceptors and is able to feel the minute vibrations in the Earth well enough to create an accurate mental picture of her surroundings.
Along with her heightened sense of smell and hearing, she uses her abilities to succeed in combat, though she's left vulnerable when her opponents are airborne.
Using her extremely refined abilities, she can also sense the vibrations of a person's heart-rate and breath-rate, effectively becoming a human polygraph.
He was involved in an accident as a child where his eyes came in contact with radioactive chemicals, effectively blinding him though it did enhance his other senses (smell, hearing and touch) to superhuman levels.
Like Toph Beifong, he can use his super-hearing to detect a person's heartbeat as well as minute changes of their breath rate and tone of voice, thus also becoming a human lie detector.
Project BATEYE fundamentally uses an ultrasonic sensor mounted onto a wearable pair of glasses that measures the distance to the nearest object and relays it to an Arduino board.
The Arduino board then processes the measurements and then plays a tone (150–15000 Hz) for the respective distance (2 cm to 4 m) till the data from the next ultrasonic pulse (distance) comes in.
Using systematic, cognitive and computational approach of neuroscience, with the hypothesis that the usage of the occipital lobe of blind people goes into processing other sensory feedback, and using the brain as a computational unit, the machine relies on the brain processing the tone produced every 14 msec to its corresponding distance and producing a soundscape corresponding to the tones and the body navigating using the same.
During experimentation, the test subject could detect obstacles as far away as 2–3 m, with horizontal or vertical movements of the head the blindfolded test subject could understand the basic shape of objects without touching them, and the basic nature of the obstacles.
The experimental set up utilizes one blind subject with a high proficiency in human echolocation due to losing their sight to retinoblastoma at 13 months of age and utilizing echolocation in their day-to-day activities.
Also, all of the objects had the same surface area in order to control for the effect it has on sound intensity and sound pressure level.
It is bounded by the East Siberian Sea and the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Sea of Okhotsk to the south.
The region gets its name from the Kolyma River and mountain range, parts of which were not discovered by Russians until 1926.
The area, part of which is within the Arctic Circle, has a subarctic climate with very cold winters lasting up to six months of the year.
Average winter temperatures range from −19 °C to −38 °C (even lower in the interior), and average summer temperatures, from +3 °C to +16 °C.
Total reserves are estimated at 3.5 billion tons of equivalent fuel, including 1.2 billion tons of oil and 1.5 billion m of gas.
During archaeological investigations of Paleolithic sites on the Angara, in 1936 the unique Stone Age site of Buret’ was discovered which yielded an anthropomorphic sculpture, skulls of rhinoceroses, and surface and semisubterranean dwellings.
The houses were analogous, on one hand, to Paleolithic European houses and, on the other, to ethnographically studied houses of the Eskimos, Chukchi and Koryaks.
The indigenous peoples of this region include the Evens, Koryaks, Yupiks, Chukchis, Orochs, Chuvans and Itelmens, who traditionally lived from fishing along the Sea of Okhotsk coast or from reindeer herding in the River Kolyma valley.
Tens of thousands or more people may have died en route to the area or in the Kolyma's series of gold mining, road building, lumbering, and construction camps between 1932 and 1954.
The Mask of Sorrow monument in Magadan commemorates all those who died in the Kolyma forced-labour camps and the recently dedicated Church of the Nativity remembers the victims in its icons and Stations of the Camps.
During the time of the USSR's industrialization (beginning with Joseph Stalin's first five-year plan, 1928–1932) the need for capital to finance economic development was great.
Prisoners were being drawn into the Soviet penal system in large numbers during the initial period of Kolyma's development, most notably from the so-called anti-Kulak campaign and the government's internal war to force collectivization on the USSR's peasantry.
The initial efforts to develop the region began in 1932, with the building of the town of Magadan by forced labor.
After a gruelling train ride on the Trans-Siberian Railway prisoners were disembarked at one of several transit camps (such as Nakhodka and later Vanino) and transported across the Sea of Okhotsk to the natural harbor chosen for Magadan's construction.
In 1932 expeditions pushed their way into the interior of the Kolyma, embarking on the construction of the Kolyma Highway, which was to become known as the Road of Bones.
After a summary trial, apparently for reluctance to take part in the accusations of some of his colleagues, he was sent to Kolyma where he died in 1942.
Hard work in the labor camp, harsh climate and meager food, poor health as well as accusations and abandonment by most of his colleagues, took their toll.
The prisoner population of Kolyma increased substantially in 1946 with the arrival of thousands of former Soviet POWs liberated by Western Allied forces or the Red Army at the close of World War II.
Those judged guilty of collaboration with the enemy frequently received ten or twenty-five year prison sentences to the gulag, including Kolyma.
Rumor suggested that Soviet agents seized Léon Theremin, an inventor, in the United States and forced him to return to the Soviet Union; he actually returned voluntarily.
Although rumors of his execution circulated widely, Theremin was, in fact, put to work in a sharashka (a secret research-laboratory), together with other scientists and engineers, including aircraft designer Andrei Tupolev and rocket scientist Sergei Korolyov (also a Kolyma inmate).
The Kolyma camps switched to using (mostly) free labor after 1954, and in 1956 Nikita Khrushchev ordered a general amnesty that freed many prisoners.
Industrial gold-mining started in 1958 leading to the development of mining settlements, industrial enterprises, power plants, hydro-electric dams, power transmission lines and improved roads.
New manpower was recruited from all Soviet nationalities on a voluntary basis, to make up for the sudden lack of political prisoners.
Young men and women were lured to the frontier land of Kolyma with the promise of high earnings and better living.
The region's prosperity suffered under Soviet liberal policies in the end of the 1980s and 1990s with a considerable reduction in population, apparently by 40% in Magadan.
A U.S. report from the late 1990s gives details of the region's economic shortfall citing outdated equipment, bankruptcies of local companies and lack of central support.
It does however report substantial investments from the United States and the governor's optimism for future prosperity based on revival of the mining industries.
There are indications that the political prisoners were gradually phased out over the years but it was only as a result of Boris Yeltsin's far reaching reforms in the 1990s that the very last prisoners were released from Kolyma.
The Russian author Andrei Amalrik appears to have been one of the last high-profile political prisoners to be sent to Kolyma.
And when a miracle occurred and the soup was thick we couldn’t believe it and ate it as slowly as possible.
One of the most famous political prisoners in Kolyma was Vadim Kozin, possibly Russia's most popular romantic tenor, who was sent to the camps in February 1945, apparently for refusing to write a song about Stalin.
Although he was initially freed in 1950 and could return to his singing career, he was soon framed by his enemies on charges of homosexuality and sent back to the camps.
Though released once again several years later, he was never officially rehabilitated and remained in exile in Magadan where he died in 1994.
Some have expressed fear on seeing some of my paintings that I might end up in Kolyma again—this time for good.
In an account of a visit to Magadan by Harry Wu in 1999, there is a reference to the efforts of Alexander Biryukov, a Magadan lawyer to document the terror.
He is said to have compiled a book listing every one of the 11,000 people documented to have been shot in Kolyma camps by the state security organ, the NKVD.
In addition to the number of deaths, the dreadful conditions of the camps and the hardships experienced by the prisoners over the years need to be taken into account.
As Bollinger reports in his book, the 3,000,000 estimate originated with the CIA in the 1950s and appears to be a flawed estimate.
Anne Applebaum, a Pulitzer Prize winner, carried out an extensive investigation of the gulags, and explained in a lecture in 2003, that it's extremely difficult not only to document the facts given the extent of the cover-up but to bring the truth home.
In the west, the Indigirka River drainage is separated from the Khroma River and Yana rivers by the spurs of the Polousnyy Kryazh Range and the Cherskogo Range.
During the Pleistocene this part of Beringia the ecology was quite different than now with the extinct Wooly mammoth and the wooly rhinoceros present.
George S. Parker High School is a comprehensive public high school located on the west side of the city of Janesville, Wisconsin.
In Nov 2006, a referendum passed that provided nearly $71 million for updates and renovation to both Parker and Craig High Schools.
Each dean, similar to the AP model, is responsible for either 9th and 11th or 10th and 12th grade students, and remains dean of that graduating class for the duration of their four-year attendance at Fox Lane.
In recent years the school has undergone several renovations; these include the school's commons & theater in 1990, library in 1993, and cafeteria in 1999.
The entire campus also renovated the entrances, adding another one on the other side of Route 172, and revamping the older entrance with a traffic circle.
The Fox Lane Foxes teams include Football, Field Hockey, Ice Hockey, Diving, Volleyball, Soccer, Swimming, Cross Country, Winter Track, Spring Track, Dance, Cheerleading, Basketball, Skiing, Wrestling, Lacrosse, Ultimate Frisbee, Softball, Baseball, Golf and Tennis.
The Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems or Tremblay Commission was called for by the premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis in 1953.
The commission, chaired by Mr. Justice Thomas Tremblay, studied the problem of tax sharing between different levels of government and greater constitutional problems in Canada.
It proposed a maximum level of taxation be established, the provincial responsibility for unemployment benefits, and a shared personal and corporate tax scheme between the federal and provincial governments.
Éric Montpetit of the Université de Montréal writes that [t]he mandate of the Tremblay Commission could be described as making explicit Quebec’s vision of Canada, which had been expressed by the traditional elite, with the blessing of the Clergy.
They have showy flower heads with involucral bracts in two distinct series of eight each, the outer being commonly connate at the base.
The North American species fall into two broad groups, with 5 sections in Mexico and North America (12 species) and the remaining 5 sections in Eastern North America (26 species).
Native North American coreopsis can be found in two habitats In the wild they can be found growing along roadsides and open fields throughout the Eastern United States and Canada.
The People's Party had formed a wartime national government which opposition member William F. Lloyd, a Liberal, had joined as minister of justice.
Despite the fact that Cashin had succeeded Morris as leader of the dominant party, the governor appointed Lloyd to the position of Prime Minister.
On 20 May 1919, Cashin, who was still minister of finance, rose and moved a Motion of No Confidence in the government he was a member of.
Cashin's government was short lived however, the House of Assembly had not seen an election for six years due to the First World War and a return to the polls was long overdue.
In opposition Cashin changed the name of the People's Party to the Liberal-Labour-Progressive Party before retiring as party leader in 1923.
Cashin's son, Peter John Cashin, was a prominent Newfoundland politician in his own right and his grandson, Richard Cashin was a federal politician in the 1960s and a trade union leader in the 1970s and 1980s.
A discrete ordered ring or discretely ordered ring is an ordered ring in which there is no element between 0 and 1.
The Commission on the Political and Constitutional Future of Quebec, also known as the Bélanger-Campeau Commission, was established by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, at the initiative of Premier Robert Bourassa, after the demise of the Meech Lake Accord.
Pierre Bourgault (January 23, 1934 – June 16, 2003) was a politician and essayist, as well as an actor and journalist, from Quebec, Canada.
After secondary school, he briefly attended the seminary and entertained the idea of a possible entry into the priesthood, per ancestral tradition, but reneged on his obligation shortly thereafter.
During the St. Jean Baptiste celebration in 1968, he and other supporters rioted and threw objects in the direction of newly minted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
In the 1970 Quebec election, he was the Parti Québécois candidate in Mercier electoral district, running unsuccessfully against Liberal leader (and soon-to-be Premier) Robert Bourassa, who would become a close personal friend.
Bourgault himself did not play any role in the PQ government that came to power in the 1976 Quebec election and was given a patronage appointment.
He often quarreled with Lévesque, especially in the lead up to the 1980 referendum, in which he was a passionate participant, before leaving the PQ in the 1980s.
He was also the co-host or regular columnist of several radio shows aired on la Société Radio-Canada, the French language sector of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
He was openly gay, though he said in an interview for Radio-Canada a few years before his death that in his later years he chose to stop having sexual relations.
Colostrum (known colloquially as beestings, bisnings or first milk) is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including many humans) immediately following delivery of the newborn.
In swine, fat concentration of milk at 48 to 72 hours postpartum may be higher than in colostrum or in late-lactation milk.
This clears excess bilirubin, a waste-product of dead red blood cells, which is produced in large quantities at birth due to blood volume reduction from the infant's body and helps prevent jaundice.
In preterm infants some IgA may be absorbed through the intestinal epithelium and enter the blood stream though there is very little uptake in full term babies.
Other immune components of colostrum include the major components of the innate immune system, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, complement, and proline-rich polypeptides (PRP).
A number of cytokines (small messenger peptides that control the functioning of the immune system) are found in colostrum as well, including interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, chemokines, and others.
Colostrum also contains a number of growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factors I (IGF-1), and II, transforming growth factors alpha, beta 1 and beta 2, fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage-stimulating growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and colony-stimulating factor-1.
Notably in humans a lack of colostrum production is linked to a mutation in the ABCC11 gene that occurs in most people of East Asian descent.
This gene is also one of the determining factors in wet or dry type earwax, as the mammary glands are a form of apocrine gland.
They receive no passive transfer of immunity via the placenta before birth, so any antibodies that they need have to be ingested (unless supplied by injection or other artificial means).
It is recommended that newborn calves receive at least 4 quarts (liters) of colostrum with each containing at least 50 grams of IgG/liter.
Colostrum produced on a breeder's own premises is considered to be superior to colostrum from other sources, because it is produced by animals already exposed to (and, thus, making antibodies to) pathogens occurring on the premises.
In most dairy cow herds, the calves are separated from their mothers soon after birth and fed colostrum from a bottle.
Although many claims of health benefits have been made for colostrum consumption in adults, until recently there have been limited randomized trials to support these assertions.
It is probable that little absorption of intact growth factors and antibodies into the bloodstream occurs, due to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract.
However, the presence of casein and other buffering proteins does allow growth factors and other bioactive molecules to pass into the lumen of the small intestine intact, where they can stimulate repair and inhibit microbes, working via local effects.
This provides a probable mechanism explaining the positive results of colostrum on adult gut health in several recent well controlled published studies.
Evidence for the beneficial effect of colostrum on extra-gastrointestinal problems is less well developed, due in part to the limited number of randomised double-blind studies published, although a variety of possible uses have been suggested.
When antibiotics began to appear, interest in colostrum waned, but, now that antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens have developed, interest is once again returning to natural alternatives to antibiotics, namely, colostrum.
The gut plays several important roles including acting as the main pathway for fluid, electrolyte and nutrient absorption while also acting as a barrier to toxic agents present in the gut lumen including acid, digestive enzymes and gut bacteria.
Failure of homeostasis due to trauma, drugs and infectious microbes not only damages the gut but can lead to influx of damaging agents into the bloodstream.
These mechanisms have relevance for multiple conditions affecting all areas of the world and socioeconomic groups such as ulcers, inflammation, and infectious diarrhea.
There is currently much interest in the potential value of colostrum for the prevention and treatment of these conditions as it is derived from natural sources and can influence damaging factors through multiple pathways including nutritional support, immunological intervention (through its immunoglobulin and other anti-microbial factors) and growth/healing factor constituents.
As pointed out by Kelly, inconsistency between results in some published studies may be due in part to variation in dose given and to the timing of the colostrum collection being tested (first milking versus pooled colostrum collected up to day 5 following calving).
Some athletes have used colostrum in an attempt to improve their performance, decrease recovery time, and prevent sickness during peak performance levels.
Supplementation with bovine colostrum, 20 grams per day (g/d), in combination with exercise training for 8 wk may increase bone-free lean body mass in active men and women.
the milk produced by Cow or a buffalo on the 2 day of giving birth is considered to be the best for making this pudding like delicacy.
Antibodies towards the specific pathogens or antigens that were used in the immunization are present in higher levels than in the population before treatment.
Although some papers have been published stating that specific human pathogens were just as high as in hyperimmune colostrum, and natural colostrum nearly always had higher antibody titers than did the hyperimmune version.
Clinical trials have shown that if the immunization is by surface antigens of the bacteria, the Bovine Colostrum Powder can be used to make tablets capable of binding to the bacteria so that they are excreted in stools.
These small immune signaling peptides (PRPs) were independently discovered in colostrum and other sources, such as blood plasma, in the United States, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
They function as signal transducing molecules that have the unique effect of modulating the immune system, turning it up when the body comes under attack from pathogens or other disease agents, and damping it when the danger is eliminated or neutralized.
At first thought to actually transfer immunity from one immune system to another, it now appears that PRPs simply stimulate cell-mediated immunity.
A number of Cossack communities have been reconstituted to further the Cossack cultural traditions, including those of the Don Cossack Host.
Don Cossacks have had a rich military tradition, playing an important part in the historical development of the Russian Empire and participating in most of its major wars.
In the modern view, Don Cossacks are descendants of Slavic people, who came from the Dnieper, Novgorod Republic, and Principality of Ryazan, and of Goths-Alans people originating from the Western part of North Caucasus.
The area was under the general control of the Golden Horde, and numerous Tatar armed groups roamed there, attacking Russian and foreign merchants.
After the fall of the Golden Horde in 1480, more Russian colonists started to expand onto this land from the Novgorod Republic after the Battle of Shelon and from neighboring Principality of Ryazan.
Cossacks of Ryazan are mentioned in 1444 as defenders of Pereslavl-Zalessky against the units of Golden Horde and in a letter of Ivan III of Russia since 1502.
After the Golden Horde fell in 1480, the area around the Don River was divided between the Crimean west side and the Nogai east side.
On their border since the 14th century the vast steppe of the Don region was populated by those people who were not satisfied with the existing social order, by those who did not recognize the power of the land-owners, by runaway serfs, by those who longed for freedom.
At first the main occupation of these small armed detachments was hunting and fishing—as well as the constant struggle against the Turks and the Tatars who attacked them.
In the year 1552 Don Cossacks under the command of Ataman Susar Fedorov joined the Army of Ivan the Terrible during the Siege of Kazan in 1552.
On 2 June 1556 the Cossack regiment of Ataman Lyapun Filimonov, together with the Army of Moscovits comprising strelets, conquered and annexed the Astrakhan Khanate.
After defeating Khan Kuchum in the fall of 1582 and occupying Isker: the capital of the Siberian Khanate, Yermak sent a force of cossacks down the Irtysh in the winter of 1583.
The detachment led by Bogdan Bryazga (according to other sources, the Cossack chieftain Nikita Pan); passed through the lands of the Konda-Pelym Voguls and reached the walls of the town of Samarovo.
In fall 1585, shortly after Yermak's death, Cossacks led by voevoda (army commander) Ivan Mansurov founded the first Russian fortified town in Siberia, Obskoy, at the mouth of the Irtysh river on the right bank of the Ob river.
The Mansi and Khanty lands thus became part of the Russian state, finally secured by the founding of the cities of Pelym and Berezov in 1592 and Surgut in 1594.
During the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18), the Polish–Lithuanian noble Aleksander Józef Lisowski founded a cavalry mercenary group (named Lisowczycy after his death) from various outlaws, partly Don Cossacks.
This group served under the Polish Crown; after the war with Muscovites Lisowczycy took part in the Moldavian Magnate Wars (Battle of Humenné in 23 November 1619) at Upper Hungary, (now eastern Slovakia), later they plundered Silesia and Moravia as allies of Habsburg armies in the Bohemian Revolt – first phase of Thirty Years' War.
This phase culminated in the Battle of White Mountain in 8 November 1620 (near Prague, the capital of the Crown of Bohemia, now the Czech Republic), where the Lisowczycy were sent by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly against Hungarian cavalry.
After the battle, they terrorised village people around Prague and other cities, so they were expeditiously paid and released from service in 7 May 1621.
Under Peter the Great and subsequent rulers, the Don Cossacks participated in numerous military campaigns, which resulted in the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea.
In 1637 the Don Cossacks, joined by the Zaporozhian Cossacks, captured the strategic Ottoman fortress of Azov, which guarded the Don.
After total taking of the Free Territories of Don Cossacks under the Moscovits control, Don Cossack history is totally intertwined with the history of the rest of Russia.
In exchange for protection of the Southern borders of medieval Russia, the Don Cossacks were given the privilege of not paying taxes and the tsar's authority in Cossack lands was not as absolute as in other parts of Russia.
Under the command of Count Matvey Ivanovich Platov, the Don Cossacks fought in a number of battles against the Grande Armée.
The Don Cossacks were the largest of the ten cossack hosts then in existence, providing over a third of total cossack manpower available for military service.
The central location of the Don territories meant that these units were employed extensively on both the German and Austro-Hungarian fronts, though less so against the Ottoman Turks to the south.
The continued value of the Don and other Cossacks as mounted troops was illustrated by the decision taken in 1916 to dismount about a third of the regular Russian cavalry, but to retain the cossack regiments in their traditional role.
At the outbreak of the February 1917 Revolution, three regiments of Don Cossacks (the 1st, 4th and 14th) formed part of the garrison of St. Petersburg.
Consisting partly of new recruits from the poorer regions of the Host territory, these units were influenced by the general disillusionment with the Tsar's government.
Reports that the historically loyal Don Cossacks could no longer be relied on were a significant factor in the sudden collapse of the Tsarist regime.
The Don Cossack Host was disbanded on Russian soil in 1918, after the Russian Revolution, but the Don Cossacks in the White Army and those who emigrated abroad, continued to preserve the traditions, musical and otherwise, of their host.
Admiral Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak, one of the leaders of the White movement during the Russian Civil War, was of Don Cossack descent.
The dress of the Don Cossack units included the broad red stripes on dark-blue breeches, which had been their distinguishing feature prior to the Revolution.
The Don Cossack Cavalry Corps saw extensive active service until 1943, after which its role diminished (as did that of the other remaining horse-mounted units in the Red Army).
During World War II, the Don Cossacks mustered the largest single concentration of Cossacks within the German Army, the XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps.
A great part of the Cossacks were former Russian citizens who elected to fight not so much for Germany as against the Soviet Union.
The Don Cossacks were revived in the early 1990s and were officially recognised by the Russian Federation Government in 1997, its Ataman holding the rank, insignia and uniform of a full Marshal.
The most known is the Almighty Don Host Outside Russia, formerly under chief Major general and last chevalier of the Order of St. George, Ataman Nikolai Vasilievich Fedorov (1901—2003), and since February 2006 under J. L. Miheev.
Reportedly several military formations were formed though most of these groups were subsequently disbanded and integrated into the armed forces of the DPR and LPR.
The Don Cossacks flag 3:4 was inaugurated during the Don Cossacks assembly in Novocherkassk, Don Republic, on 4 May 1918 under chiefing of Ataman Pyotr Krasnov.
The flag is similar to that of the Ukrainian State, also established in 1918, which the Don Republic bordered to its west.
Until 1914 the distinguishing colour of the Don Cossack Host was red: worn on the cap bands and wide trouser stripes of a dark blue uniform of the loose-fitting cut common to the Steppe Cossacks.
A khaki field tunic was adopted in 1908, replacing the dark blue coats or white (summer) blouses previously worn for ordinary duties.
However the blue riding breeches with broad red stripes long characteristic of the Don Host, continued to be worn even on active service during both World Wars.
Even in 1903, a minimum of 150,000 from a total of the 2,500,000 parish members of the Don Eparchy were Starovers.
Don Cossacks were tolerant of other religions -with the exception of Jews- and accepted Buddhists, Muslims, Old Believers, and pagans into their communities.
Don Cossacks were skilled horsemen and experienced warriors, due to their long conflict with the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire.
Together with the Polish King, they raided Moscow during the Time of Troubles (Смутное Время) and, under Russian authority, carried out raids and expeditions against Ottoman Turkey and Qajar Persia.
Isolated between Russian and Muslim territory, the Don Cossacks developed a distinct culture and language which fused Ukrainian, Russian, Kalmyk, and Tatar elements.
There, the parents would bless the couple, break a loaf of bread above their heads, and sprinkle them with wheat, nuts, sweets and hops.
When a son was born to a Cossack family, his relatives presented him with an arrow, a bow, a cartridge, a bullet and a gun.
At the age of 7 to 8 he was allowed to ride in the street, to go fishing and hunt with adults.
All departing Cossacks would gather in the church, then hang a small bag around their necks containing a pinch of their native soil before setting off singing.
The Don Cossack Choir Serge Jaroff was a group of former officers of the Russian Imperial Army who were discovered singing in Çilingir (near Constantinople), where they had fled after the defeat of their army in the Crimea.
The men, dressed as Cossacks, sang a cappella in a repertory of Russian sacred and secular music, army, folk and art songs.
Central European Time (CET), used in most parts of Europe and a few North African countries, is a standard time which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
The same standard time, , is also known as Middle European Time (MET, German: ) and under other names like Berlin Time, Warsaw Time and Romance Standard Time (RST), Paris Time or Rome Time.
As of 2011, all member states of the European Union observe summer time; those that during the winter use CET use Central European Summer Time (CEST) (or: , daylight saving time) in summer (from last Sunday of March to last Sunday of October).
Central European Time is currently (updated 2017) used in Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo*, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
The time around the world is based on Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) which is roughly synonymous with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
From late March to late October, clocks in the United Kingdom are put forward by one hour for British Summer Time (BST).
Legal, political and economic, as well as physical or geographical criteria are used in the drawing of time zones so official time zones rarely adhere to meridian lines.
On the other hand, the people in Spain still have all work and meal hours one hour later than France and Germany even if they have the same time zone.
Historically Gibraltar maintained all year until the opening of the land frontier with Spain in 1982 when it followed its neighbour and introduced CEST.
He is the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series champion, and currently the longest-tenured active driver in the Cup Series – having made his first start in 2000.
Busch has driven for Stewart-Haas Racing, Furniture Row Racing, Phoenix Racing, Penske Racing, and Roush Racing in his Cup career, which began in 2000.
The winner of thirty-one Cup career races, Busch was driving for Roush Racing when he won the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series championship.
With a 2006 win in the Busch Series, Busch became one of only 31 drivers to win races in all three of NASCAR's top divisions: the Cup Series, the Xfinity Series, and the Camping World Truck Series.
As an underage teenager, he competed in Dwarf competition winning in just his second race, at the Las Vegas Speedway Park.
His father eventually sold their dwarf equipment and purchased a powerful car for the Legends Series, which Busch began driving in 1996 at age 18.
On July 27, 2006, three years to the day of them meeting on a blind date, they were married in Virginia.
He is the 2015 Sprint Cup and 2019 Monster Energy cup Champion and runs part-time in both the Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series.
Busch is a close friend of famous entrepreneur Felix Sabates, who co-owns Chip Ganassi Racing (CGR), and had a successful racing team SABCO Racing.
In 2012 when Busch went to drive for Phoenix Racing (a CGR ally), he co-credited Sabates as having helped him convince James Finch to hire him.
On Friday, November 7, 2014, it was reported that Busch was under investigation for domestic assault for an incident on September 26, 2014, in Dover, Delaware.
On March 5, 2015 the Delaware attorney general's office decided that there was not enough evidence to bring criminal charges for domestic violence.
In October 2014 at Martinsville, Busch was introduced to polo player Ashley Van Metre by her sister, who was also a friend of Busch.
Busch gained national exposure while competing against Ron Hornaday, Jr., Matt Crafton, Greg Biffle, Kevin Harvick and others for the first time in the 1997 Winter Heat Series at Tucson Raceway Park.
He won four races and finished runner-up to teammate Greg Biffle in the championship standings, as well as winning Rookie of the Year honors.
Roush Racing announced during the 2000 season that Busch was being promoted to the Winston Cup Series to replace Chad Little in Roush's No.
After the team signed Rubbermaid to a multi-year contract later in the spring, Busch scored three Top 5s and six Top 10 finishes that year.
To this day, Busch recalls this as the only time he encountered Earnhardt on the track (it was also the last time he and Earnhardt competed in the same race as a result of Earnhardt's fatal crash on the last lap).
Busch finished with 27th in the point standings and runner-up for the Rookie of the Year honor's, and earned more than $2 million in winnings.
Busch's best finish was third at the spring Talladega race, which was three weeks after scoring his first career Top 5 finish at Texas (fourth), and he added a fifth-place in the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis.
He also won the pole for the Southern 500 at Darlington, where he led 74 laps before a late-race brush with the wall took him to the garage.
A month later, he led 38 laps at Martinsville before contact with Ricky Rudd cut his left-rear tire; heavy traffic behind him made matters worse, as Busch had to complete a lap and a half before he could get to the pits.
He won his first victory in the Food City 500 at Bristol, after battling hard with rival Jimmy Spencer on worn tires.
Busch added a second win at Martinsville in October and then won at Atlanta the next week and in the season finale at Homestead.
This gave Busch four wins, twelve Top 5s, and 20 Top 10 finishes, and one pole, all of which would allow him to finish third in the final standings for the year.
He finished the season particularly strong, winning three of the final five races and finishing third and sixth and leading many laps in the next two.
The 2002 season saw Kurt Busch become the first driver in NASCAR history to win the most races in his first-ever winning season with 4.
He is one of only 2 drivers to accomplish this feat, along with Carl Edwards, who did it 3 years later in 2005.
Busch was the runner-up finisher in what was, at that time, the closest finish in all of NASCAR history – this was the Carolina Dodge Dealers 400, held at Darlington on March 16 of that year.
When the cars attached, the final lap was ferociously fought ending up with Craven shifting ahead of Busch by 0.002 of a second, making it the closest finish in NASCAR history, tied with the 2011 Aaron's 499.
He won his fourth consecutive race at Bristol after winning the Food City 500 in March (winning that race for the third consecutive year), and became the second driver to win both races at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in a single season.
In 2005, midway through the season, Busch announced that he would be leaving Roush Racing at the end of the season and would replace Rusty Wallace in the No.
Initially, Roush was unhappy with Busch's decision to leave his team but when Chip Ganassi Racing announced that Jamie McMurray wanted to join Roush Racing in 2006, Roush agreed to let Busch go.
Busch won three races during the 2005 season, along with nine Top 5s and 18 Top 10 finishes in 34 races, he also scored an average finish of 15.3.
Busch had asked team owner Jack Roush to let him out of his contract at the end of 2005, but Roush initially refused.
However, after Chip Ganassi released Jamie McMurray from his 2006 contract, Roush decided to release Busch when Roush learned that Busch already signed a contract with Roger Penske before the season ended.
Busch's last race with Roush-Fenway Racing and 2005 was at Texas before the final two races; because he was parked by NASCAR for an incident with the police (see below).
Busch appealed and a misunderstanding on the police's part was cleared before the races but the parking penalty was held in place.
In the 2006 season, driving for Penske, Busch scored one win at Bristol Motor Speedway in the Food City 500, his fifth win at the track.
Busch celebrated the victory by getting out of his car and making a snow angel on the track, due to snow that had fallen at the track that weekend.
He also won six poles and had seven top fives and twelve top-ten finishes but finished 16th in the final standings.
He ran six more races that season and picked up a second win at Watkins Glen International by holding off Robby Gordon on the final lap.
Gordon and Busch on the final lap struggled for the win but it resulted in Busch holding onto the lead in the outer-loop to seal up the win.
In victory circle, Busch thanked Gordon for a fight for victory and said that the struggle reminded him of his 2003 Carolina Dodge Dealers 400 at Darlington when Ricky Craven beat Busch by one inch to win the race after a 2 lap-long struggle to the checkers.
In the 2007 season, Busch had two wins, one pole, scored five top-fives, and ten-top tens through 26 races and qualified for the Chase for the Sprint Cup.
In 2008, to make sure rookie teammate Sam Hornish Jr. would be guaranteed a starting spot in the season's first five races, the owner's points from Busch's No.
Busch would still be guaranteed a starting spot, due to NASCAR's Champion's Provisional Rule, which states that the most recent series champion not in the top 35 in the previous season's final owner points automatically qualifies for a race.
At the 2008 Daytona 500, Busch was contending to win and had a fast car on the final lap capable to win.
He and his teammate Ryan Newman got by Joe Gibbs Racing rivals, Tony Stewart and Kurt's brother Kyle on the final lap and Kurt decided to instead of trying for the win himself, push Newman to victory.
It was Roger Penske's first Daytona 500 win and it made Penske one of the few owners to win both the Indianapolis 500 and Daytona 500 in an owner career.
On June 29, 2008, Busch broke a 29-race winless streak at New Hampshire Motor Speedway when the Lenox Industrial Tools 301 was called due to rain on lap 284.
It was his first win since Michigan's late summer race in 2007, and his fourth win since joining Penske Racing and 18th overall.
He began his 2009 season at the 2009 Daytona 500, he was involved in a wreck on lap 124 when Dale Earnhardt Jr. swerved into Brian Vickers.
Kurt was one of the many that believed Dale Jr.'s contact was intentional and Kurt joined Earnhardt's fans, the drivers and owners in calling NASCAR to penalize Earnhardt, for the rest of the race but this was not granted.
Busch led most of the race the 2009 Kobalt Tools 500, leading 235 of 325 laps and getting his nineteenth Sprint Cup Series victory.
At Las Vegas, he and his younger brother Kyle had a touching moment when Kyle Busch won at Las Vegas, their hometown.
He qualified for the Chase and ended up fourth in the standings, the highest-ranked car that was not under the Hendrick Motorsports banner.
Busch picked up another win at the 2009 Dickies 500 after his brother Kyle ran out of fuel with two laps to go.
Steve Addington, who was Kyle Busch's crew chief for the past two seasons and led the younger Busch to 14 victories, became the crew chief for Kurt at the start of the 2010 season, as Pat Tryson left to join Michael Waltrip Racing as Martin Truex, Jr.'s crew chief.
He then followed it up by winning the Coca-Cola 600 the following weekend, becoming only the seventh driver to win both in the same year.
Busch also, amazingly, finished seventh at Daytona at the Coke Zero 400 after wrecking three times in the last twelve laps.
Busch earned his first Budweiser Shootout win after Denny Hamlin went below the yellow line at the end of the race at Daytona.
He would go on to win the 2011 Gatorade Duel 1, and because of polesitter Dale Earnhardt, Jr.'s crash in practice, which forced him into a backup car, Busch started in first for the 2011 Daytona 500 and started the 2011 season three for three.
Because of Brad Keselowski's injury during a practice crash at Road Atlanta, Busch filled in for Keselowski in his NASCAR Nationwide Series car for the Zippo 200 at Watkins Glen International, and Busch managed to get the pole and the win.
On October 2, Busch won on two late restarts beating Jimmie Johnson in turn 1 leading the final 43 laps to grab his first-ever victory at the Monster Mile at Dover.
After a frustrating final five races, things came to a head when Busch launched a verbal tirade against an ESPN cameraman, and giving an obscene gesture to workers when a car blocked his path towards his pit garage following a transmission failure at the same race.
In contrast, the Charlotte Observer reported several sources confirming team owner Roger Penske decided that Busch's altercation at Homestead-Miami Speedway was the last straw in his stormy tenure with the team but chose to defer the announcement until after Champion's Week.
Kurt Busch would later say in a 2019 podcast interview with Michael Waltrip that the dismissal was mostly because, following his engine blow-up in Homestead (in which a sharp piece of the engine had blown through the dashboard, almost injuring Busch), he was frustrated that the No.
22 team was unable to compete for championships, and he and Penske couldn't agree on whether the problem was the car or the driver.
As a result, Busch declined an offer from Richard Petty Motorsports in favor of an early-season agreement to drive for Phoenix Racing, in the No.
(94) He also ran a limited Nationwide Series schedule for the team, At the same time, Busch formed a sponsorship relationship with Monster Energy Drink in which he signed a deal with Kyle Busch Motorsports, to share the No.
Busch's girlfriend Patricia Driscoll spent months getting permission from Sony and Will Ferrell as well as other trademark and license holders.
Towards the end of the race, with six laps to go, he dropped back when he spun out in the trioval off ex-teammate Brad Keselowski's bumper.
After stopping, Busch drove backward down pit road to get replacement tires, though he was not penalized and finished in 20th place as the last car on the lead lap.
On June 4, 2012, Busch feuded with Justin Allgaier at the Nationwide event at Dover and after talking to his boss and brother Kyle.
Busch was already on probation for the confrontation with Newman and his crew following the May 12, 2012, Sprint Cup race at Darlington and for driving recklessly through Newman's pit stall.
On July 6, 2012, Busch won the Nationwide Series Jalapeño 250 at Daytona by passing Austin Dillion on the final lap.
During his 7–8-month stint with James Finch, he finished third at Sonoma after leading a few laps and running in the top three all race long.
He was parked by NASCAR after driving away from the safety officials who were trying to assist him and he would not stop his car even though NASCAR was telling him to do so.
2013 started for Busch the very same way that 2012 had – driving with a new team, in this case, Furniture Row Racing.
In spite of this, Busch showed off significant improvement over the off-year that had been 2012, both for himself and FRR as a whole: in the three years the car was driven by Regan Smith, Furniture Row Racing had only one win, three top-five, and six top-ten finishes, and only led 42 laps in Sprint Cup competition.
In comparison, in the first 23 races of 2013, Busch had five top-five finishes, nine top-ten finishes, one pole, and had led 270 laps, more than six times as many laps as the car had ever led with Smith in the previous three seasons.
He finished fifth in the Budweiser Duel, but poor handling made him finish the Daytona 500 in 28th place, five laps down.
At Fontana, Busch went a lap down briefly after being penalized for speeding during green-flag pit stops, but he surged back in the last laps to finish in third place behind his brother Kyle Busch and Dale Earnhardt, Jr..
But later, on lap 487, while running many laps down, Busch lost his brakes in turn 1 and slammed the wall hard enough to cause his engine to burst into flames.
At Texas, Busch almost acquired the pole position with a qualifying speed of 195.688 mph, but the final one to qualify; his younger brother managed to win the pole with a speed of 196.299 mph to conclude qualifying.
After the race ended the two cars exchanged shoves and the two argued on pit road, drawing attention away from race winner Kevin Harvick.
Busch finished in ninth place and said to reporters that he did not intentionally hit Stewart and said he was surprised and disappointed when Stewart retaliated after the checkers.
At Talladega, Busch led two laps and was in the top-ten on lap 182 when he was collected in a large pileup on the back straightaway.
He took the worst damage in the crash, as J.J. Yeley got loose from contact with Ricky Stenhouse, Jr., went across the track and hit him with enough force that Busch turned sideways, flipped over once, and landed on top of Ryan Newman, then slid off Newman and struck the outside wall, and was hit again by Clint Bowyer and Bobby Labonte.
From the drop of the green flag, Busch led 69 of the first 80 laps, but his handling went away after the first green flag pit stops and he was forced to settle for a fourteenth-place finish.
At the All-Star race, Busch started up front and led 29 laps, winning two of the four 20 lap segments, with brother Kyle winning the other two.
However, a poor pit stop by both Busch brothers was responsible for causing them to lose the lead and race to Jimmie Johnson for the final ten-lap shootout.
Despite having to change a battery late in the race, he led eight laps and he still finished in third place, the first time he'd finished in the top three since June 2012 at Sonoma.
At Michigan, Busch qualified on the front row and led the first 21 laps, but went seven laps down when he got into an early accident on lap 30.
At Sonoma, Busch got his next top-five finish with a fourth-place finish, after leading fifteen laps, then battling back from a lap down after a pair of speeding penalties on pit road.
At Kentucky, brief controversy hit Busch as on lap 48, he was responsible for causing a seven-car wreck that was instigated when he went down on the apron, then came back up the track and turned Brad Keselowski approaching turn 1, causing Keselowski to shoot up the track and collect several more cars including Greg Biffle, Travis Kvapil and Dave Blaney.
This finish gave Furniture Row Racing their first-ever streak of three straight top-ten finishes, and also moved Busch up to ninth in the points.
However the next week at Loudon, Busch started second and led 102 laps before he was turned and wrecked by Matt Kenseth and finished 31st.
Returning to Michigan, Busch started on the outside of the front row, led 43 laps, and finished third, bringing himself up to ninth in driver points.
At Bristol in August, Busch started on the outside row and led 54 laps early, before a loose wheel caused him to go behind the wall, resulting in a 31st-place finish, 26 laps down.
The following week at Richmond, Busch started second and had one of the strongest cars of the night, ultimately finishing second to Carl Edwards.
At Kansas, Busch was forced to start at the rear of the field when he crashed in practice and had to bring out a backup car.
1 Chevrolet in the Nationwide Series for Phoenix Racing, competing in sixteen events; in the event he would run only three races during the season, wrecking at Daytona but having top-ten finishes at Talladega and the second race at Daytona.
On August 26, 2013, Busch announced that he would be leaving Furniture Row Racing to join Stewart-Haas Racing, stating he had signed a multi-year deal with the team.
He led on the restart against teammate Tony Stewart but lost the lead on the final lap after allowing Kyle Busch to slip past and win.
The next week at the STP 500, on lap 43, Busch collided with Brad Keselowski on pit road during a caution, causing massive damage to Keselowski's car.
There would be several instances of beating and banging between the two drivers after Keselowski's car was repaired and came out of the garage.
Busch took the lead with 11 laps remaining, and kept it to win his first race since 2011, and first at Martinsville since 2002.
At Darlington, while running in the top five with 3 laps to go, Busch got tapped from behind by Clint Bowyer and spun out, hitting a barrier head-on.
Because of energy-absorbing walls, Busch was uninjured, but waved angrily towards Bowyer under caution and showed discontent with Bowyer in post-race ceremonies.
We struggled at times to get the balance of the Haas Automation Chevrolet right, but we kind of found our spot just past the halfway point and made slight adjustments the rest of the way.
We called for a two-tire stop at the end hoping to gain some track position, but it seemed like everyone had the same idea.
I tried to hold them off the best I could, but someone (Bowyer) moved me out of their way and it ruined our night.
At the Coca-Cola 600, Busch in his attempt to complete all 1,100 miles of the 2014 Indianapolis 500 and the Coca-Cola 600 in the same day, came up 114 miles short, blowing an engine with less than 30 laps left.
After the race, Busch was penalized 10 points and Daniel Knost was fined $10,000 for an illegal window automotive part accidentally installed before the race.
Busch started his season on a rough note in the 2015 Sprint Unlimited when he got collected in 2 multi-car accidents.
The accusation came after the couple split up and she came to the Dover track and let herself into his motor coach without permission using Busch's entrance code.
On March 11, 2015, NASCAR lifted Busch's indefinite suspension after prosecutors in Delaware determined there was not enough evidence to bring a criminal case against Busch, making him eligible to compete again, starting with the CampingWorld.com 500 at Phoenix.
Additionally, Busch was granted a waiver by NASCAR, making him still eligible for the Chase if he won a race between then and the autumn Richmond event.
At Auto Club, Busch won the pole and led the most laps (65), before being bumped back to third due to a last-lap pass by Brad Keselowski and Kevin Harvick.
The race ended in controversy as, according to an online poll, 69% of the fans suspected a fix in the waning laps on NASCAR's part.
Battling Justin Allgaier and Jamie McMurray for the win during the final 100 laps, Busch pulled away to win the race, his first win of the season.
Busch would finish 8th in 2015 championship points despite missing the first three races of the season, scoring 21 top 10s and 3 poles.
Busch started the 2016 season bringing home a 10th-place finish in the Daytona 500 and winning two consecutive poles for Atlanta and Las Vegas.
However, he was given the pole position for the former at Atlanta because his brother, Kyle Busch, earned that spot in qualifying but started dead-last after his time was disallowed due to failing post-qualifying inspection.
He got his first and only victory of the season at Pocono, ironically the only race of the season when his crew chief Tony Gibson was suspended.
His streak ended, however, when he got his first DNF of the season during the 23rd race at Bristol after suffering contact from Joey Logano.
Stewart-Haas Racing switched to Ford for the 2017 season, a manufacturer who had not won a Cup championship since Busch's 2004 campaign with Roush.
Busch started off 2017 with a crash in the Advance Auto Parts Clash after Jimmie Johnson got loose and spun, collecting Busch.
Busch struggled throughout the rest of the year with 7 Dnf's six top 5s and 14 top 10s and finished 14th in the standings.
Busch would get his only win of the season in the night race at Bristol, snapping a 58-race winless streak and locking him in the 2018 Playoffs.
His consistency had advanced him as far as the Round of 8 of the Playoffs before he was eliminated at Phoenix due to a late crash with Denny Hamlin and Chase Elliott.
On December 4, 2018, it was confirmed that Busch and sponsor Monster Energy will move to the Chip Ganassi Racing No.
As he signed a one-year deal with the team, it is believed this may be his final full-time season in NASCAR competition.
1 car had sponsorship from Star Nursery, and the car's livery was based on Busch's first NASCAR victory in the AutoZone Elite Division.
Busch began training in January 2011 under veteran NHRA Pro Stock driver Allen Johnson and obtained his NHRA Pro Stock competition license.
On March 12, 2011, Busch qualified in the Pro Stock field and made his first professional drag racing Elimination-round start on March 13, 2011, losing to Erica Enders by 0.004 seconds.
Busch is only the third driver to cross over between NASCAR and NHRA, the other two being Richard Petty and John Andretti.
In 2003, during CART's pre-season test at Sebring International Raceway, Busch tested a Champ Car for three-time CART champion Bobby Rahal.
Ford, Busch's manufacturer in Winston Cup at the time, was CART's exclusive engine supplier, and the test was merely for fun rather than evaluation.
Driving a car fielded for Michel Jourdain, Jr. (who later tried NASCAR), Busch was pleased with the experience, though he was several seconds off pacesetter Oriol Servia's time.
In 2013 it was announced that Busch would test an IndyCar for Andretti Autosport, owned by 1991 CART champion Michael Andretti, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
It was announced on March 4, 2014 that Busch would attempt to qualify for the 2014 Indianapolis 500, driving a fifth car for the Andretti Autosport team, and attempt to perform double duty: racing in both the Indianapolis 500 and the Coca-Cola 600 on the same day.
However, his attempt to do the full 1,100 miles of both races ended 191 miles short when the engine on his Charlotte car blew on lap 273.
On October 21, 2014, Busch announced he would race in the 2014 Race of Champions for Team USA alongside IndyCar's Ryan Hunter-Reay.
He also competed alongside his brother Kyle Busch in the 2017 Race of Champions for Team USA NASCAR, ultimately losing to Team Germany's Sebastian Vettel in the final round of the Nations' Cup.
Busch's 2005 season ended two races short after a confrontation during the fall Phoenix race weekend with Maricopa County Sheriff deputies on November 11, 2005, when he was pulled over for suspicion of drunken driving and cited for reckless driving.
At first, the Sheriff's department claimed that their equipment for sobriety testing had failed and they could not release results of his drunk driving tests.
This claim later proved to be false, but by this time, Roush Racing responded two days later by suspending Busch for the remainder of the season and replacing him with Kenny Wallace for the final two races.
With ten laps to go in the event, the Busches were racing against each other, their cars made contact; eventually their contact resulted in the two crashing out of contention to win.
Kevin Harvick went by to win the event; but the center of the attention and media was on Kurt and Kyle's feud.
When Kyle was interviewed he said that he wanted to cleanly get by Kurt and that Kurt shoved up his car for no reason.
The next week when they refused to reconcile, NASCAR had officials separate them for the rest of the season to avoid any on-track or off-track incidents.
The two brothers did not speak to each other for six months; it was not until a family Thanksgiving reunion, by the persuasion of their grandmother, Kurt and Kyle Busch apologized to each other.
During the Crown Royal 400 at Richmond International Raceway, Busch went on a profanity-laced rant on his in-car radio that appeared to be directed at then Penske racing technical director Tom German.
During the September 10, 2011 Wonderful Pistachios 400 at Richmond International Raceway, Busch locked up his brakes and accidentally wrecked Jimmie Johnson on lap 186.
Despite it being clear that Kurt did not intend to crash him, Johnson did not see it that way; and later retaliated spinning Busch going into Turn 1 sixty laps later and was parked for the balance of the race.
At the start of the Sylvania 300 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, Busch's team was delayed in rolling their car to pit road until after the National anthem.
In the final race of the 2011 season, Busch finished 47 laps behind the leaders, after spending time in the garage for mechanical issues that developed in the first five laps.
While his car was undergoing repairs, Busch verbally abused Dr. Jerry Punch while waiting to be interviewed by Punch for ESPN, in an incident captured by a fan and posted on YouTube.
Kurt Busch would later say in a 2019 podcast interview with Michael Waltrip that the situation began with his battle with Clint Bowyer to finish in the top-ten in the standings (Busch would finish 11th in points).
On lap 3, when Busch's transmission failed, a sharp piece of engine equipment shot into the car's dashboard, almost injuring Busch.
22 team was unable to compete for championships, and he and team owner Roger Penske couldn't agree on whether the problem was the car or the driver.
With six laps remaining in the Bojangles' Southern 500, Busch cut a tire and subsequently caused a wreck that involved not only his car but also Ryan Newman.
When leaving his pit (directly in front of Newman), Busch did a burnout and sped next to where crew members and NASCAR officials were standing.
Busch explained the incident as an accident and unrelated, caused by taking his helmet off and not seeing where he was going.
Kurt drilled me in pit lane and said that he was taking his helmet off, and he didn't see where he was going.
After the 2012 5-hour Energy 200, Busch, who was already on probation following the above altercation with Newman at Darlington, was upset with Justin Allgaier after a close call during the race.
After the race, Bob Pockrass, a reporter with the Sporting News, asked Busch if being on probation made an impact during the Nationwide Series race.
On June 4, NASCAR suspended Busch for both the upcoming tire test and the Pocono 400 at Pocono Raceway, and extended his probation though December 31, 2012.
51 was parked on lap 99 by NASCAR after Busch drove away from track workers that were tending to his car, which had run out of gas and crashed on the back straightaway after being accidentally spun out by Jamie McMurray.
Busch exited the car but realized that his fuel tank was not empty and tried to drive it to the garage for repairs.
As a medical bag was dragged with the car and slipped off NASCAR ordered Kurt to stop his car for the medical assistance but Busch did not put his helmet back on after he exited the car and could not hear any orders over the radio.
78 car for a multi-year deal after the race and when asked about the incident, Busch said that he ignored the order because he did not have his helmet on and could not hear his crew chief's order to stop.
NASCAR investigation that week proved that this appeal was true and therefore they did not penalize Busch any further after the parking.
On February 20, 2015, Busch became the first driver suspended for allegations of domestic violence under NASCAR rules due to his being investigated on allegations that he had assaulted his ex-girlfriend Patricia Driscoll during the Dover race weekend in September 2014.
As a result, he was suspended and replaced by Regan Smith in the Daytona 500 and the next two races after that.
In a post-race interview Busch claimed it was payback for a past move at Phoenix in late 2001 in which Spencer wrecked him trying to make a pass.
Busch climbed out of his demolished car and until paramedics came, whenever he saw Spencer driving by him under caution, he pointed at Spencer and repeatedly shouted at him.
The next morning NASCAR and Ultra Motorsports declared that Spencer would be parked for the Cup race at Bristol the next weekend as a consequence.
Aside from Spencer and Gordon, Busch has had notable run-ins with Greg Biffle, Brad Keselowski, Jimmie Johnson, teammates Kevin Harvick and Tony Stewart, and even with younger brother Kyle, for whom he raced in the Nationwide Series in 2012.
On June 4, 2007, in the Autism Speaks 400 at Dover International Speedway, after a tangle with Stewart on lap 264, Busch drove up beside Stewart's car on pit road and gestured through his window netting causing a pit crew member to jump over Stewart's hood to avoid being hit.
Busch was parked for the rest of the race, penalized 100 championship points, fined $100,000, and placed on probation until the end of the year.
During practice for the 2008 Budweiser Shootout at Daytona, Stewart clipped the back end of Busch's car and sent Busch into the wall.
After sustaining major damage Busch drove towards Stewart's car and rammed Stewart's car three times before attempting to return to the garage after the practice was called.
After the race ended with Busch in ninth, Stewart made contact with Busch to express displeasure and another bump ruined Kurt's car.
While Harvick was celebrating in victory lane, Stewart and Busch began arguing which turned the fans' attention to the argument rather than Harvick's win.
Busch said he was just racing Stewart cleanly on the final lap and was satisfied with his good run for his new Furniture Row team.
Ironically, in 2014, with both drivers moving from their previous teams to Stewart-Haas Racing, Busch and Harvick became teammates with Stewart.
Three weeks later at Chicagoland Speedway, both Johnson and Busch were involved in another incident where they collided with each other.
Over a year later, Busch was involved in a crash on lap 165 at Pocono's August race after bump drafting with Johnson.
Busch and Johnson were also involved on the final lap of the August 2011 Pocono race in which both made contact when battling for third place.
Later in September 2011 when Busch was racing at the fall Richmond race after he and Johnson were told to settle down after Pocono; Busch accidentally made contact that resulted in Johnson spinning out in smoke.
Almost 60 laps later, Johnson waited for Busch to come back around the track and intentionally retaliated by making contact resembling the previous spin.
Although it looked like Busch would avoid the result of crashing, Busch was spun around when avoiding another car during the contact.
His only NHRA appearance as a pro driver was during the 2011 Gatornationals, where he qualified 12th in the Pro Stock Division.
Together with the S-Bahn, a network of suburban train lines, and a tram network that operates mostly in the eastern parts of the city, it serves as the main means of transport in the capital.
Opened in 1902, the serves 173 stations spread across ten lines, with a total track length of , about 80% of which is underground.
Trains run every two to five minutes during peak hours, every five minutes for the rest of the day and every ten minutes in the evening.
Over the course of a year, U-Bahn trains travel 132 million km (82.0 million mi), and carry over 400 million passengers.
Designed to alleviate traffic flowing into and out of central Berlin, the U-Bahn was rapidly expanded until the city was divided into East and West Berlin at the end of World War II.
Although the system remained open to residents of both sides at first, the construction of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent restrictions imposed by the Government of East Germany limited travel across the border.
The East Berlin U-Bahn lines from West Berlin were severed, except for two West Berlin lines that ran through East Berlin (U6 and U8).
Friedrichstraße was the exception because it was used as a transfer point between U6 and the West Berlin S-Bahn system, and a border crossing into East Berlin.
At the end of the 19th century, city planners in Berlin were looking for solutions to the increasing traffic problems facing the city.
As potential solutions, industrialist and inventor Ernst Werner von Siemens suggested the construction of elevated railways, while AEG proposed an underground system.
Berlin city administrators feared that an underground would damage the sewers, favouring an elevated railway following the path of the former city walls; however, the neighbouring city of Charlottenburg did not share Berlin's fears, and disliked the idea of an elevated railway running along Tauentzienstraße.
Years of negotiations followed until, on 10 September 1896, work began on a mostly elevated railway to run between Stralauer Tor and Zoologischer Garten, with a short spur to Potsdamer Platz.
Before the year ended, the railway had been extended: by 17 August, east to Warschauer Brücke (Warschauer Straße); and, by 14 December, west to Knie (Ernst-Reuter-Platz).
The elevated railway company did not believe such a line would be profitable, so the city built the first locally financed underground in Germany.
Just a few months earlier, work began on a fourth line to link Wilmersdorf in the south-west to the growing Berlin U-Bahn.
The early network ran mostly east to west, connecting the richer areas in and around Berlin, as these routes had been deemed the most profitable.
In order to open up the network to more of the workers of Berlin, the city wanted north-south lines to be established.
On 30 January 1923, the first section opened between Hallesches Tor and Stettiner Bahnhof (Naturkundemuseum), with a continuation to Seestraße following two months later.
The line branched at Belle-Alliance-Straße, now (Mehringdamm); the continuation south to Tempelhof opened on 22 December 1929, the branch to Grenzallee on 21 December 1930.
In 1912, plans were approved for AEG to build its own north-south underground line, named the after its termini, Gesundbrunnen and Neukölln, via Alexanderplatz.
Financial difficulties stopped the construction in 1919; the liquidation of AEG-Schnellbahn-AG, and Berlin's commitment to the Nord-Süd-Bahn, prevented any further development until 1926.
Extensive plans—mostly the work of architect Albert Speer—were drawn up that included the construction of a circular line crossing the established U-Bahn lines, and new lines or extensions to many outlying districts.
During the Second World War, U-Bahn travel soared as car use fell, and many of the underground stations were used as air-raid shelters; however, Allied bombs damaged or destroyed large parts of the U-Bahn system.
The war had damaged or destroyed much of the network; however, of track and 93 stations were in use by the end of 1945, and the reconstruction was completed in 1950.
Although the network spanned all sectors, and residents had freedom of movement, West Berliners increasingly avoided the Soviet sector and, from 1953, loudspeakers on the trains gave warnings when approaching the border, where passage of East Germans into the Western sectors also became subject to restrictions imposed by their government.
There was a general strike on 17 June 1953 which closed the sections of the Berlin U-Bahn that traveled through East Berlin.
Just after the strike, on the following day, train service on the line A was resumed and the service C was resumed to provide connections to Nordbahnhof and Friedrichstraße.
Between 1953 and 1955, the 200-Kilometre-Plan was drawn up, detailing the future development of the U-Bahn, which would grow to .
Extending the C line to run from Tegel to Alt-Mariendorf was considered the highest priority: the northern extension to Tegel was opened on 31 May 1958.
In order to circumvent East Berlin, and provide rapid-transport connections to the densely populated areas in Steglitz, Wedding, and Reinickendorf, a third north–south line was needed.
The first section of line G was built between Leopoldplatz and Spichernstraße, with the intention of extending it at both ends.
It had been planned to open the G line on 2 September 1961, but an earlier opening on 28 August was forced by the announcement of the construction of the Berlin Wall.
The next crisis was followed by the Berlin Wall construction on 13 August 1961, which had split the Berlin into east and west.
A further consequence over the years is that most of the Berlin S-Bahn passengers boycotted the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and transferred to the U-Bahn with numerous expansion.
Tens of thousands of East Berliners heard the statement live on television and flooded the border checkpoints, demanding entry into West Berlin.
Other stations, Rosenthaler Platz and Bernauer Straße on the U8 soon followed suit; and by 1 July 1990, all border controls were removed.
In the 1990s some stations in the eastern portion of the city still sported bullet-riddled tiles at their entrances, a result of World War II battle damage during the Battle of Berlin.
Karstadt contributed a large sum of money towards the decoration of the station and was in return rewarded with direct access from the station to the store.
Alexanderplatz station is another of the more notable U-Bahn stations in Berlin, and is an important interchange between three lines (U2, U5 and U8).
The U-Bahn station was expanded to provide access to the new D (today's U8) and E (today's U5) lines, then under construction.
The result was a station with a restrained blue-grey tiled colour-scheme and Berlin's first underground shopping facilities, designed by Alfred Grenander.
Over the last few years Alexanderplatz station has, in stages, been restored; the work was due to be finished in 2007.
The station was completely redesigned by Alfred Grenander in 1912, with five platform faces, accommodating two new lines, one to Dahlem on today's (U3), and the other to Kurfürstendamm, today's Uhlandstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) on the (U1).
The redesign also featured a new entrance building, which blended into the grand architectural styles of Wittenbergplatz and the nearby KaDeWe department store.
The interior of the entrance building was again rebuilt after considerable war damage during World War II, this time in a contemporary 1950s style.
After World War II the station was put back into service on October 21 (lower platform), and November 18 (upper platform), 1945.
From 1972 onwards no trains ran on the lower platform, because servicing the U2 was no longer profitable due to the parallel traffic on the U1.
The lower platform was reactivated in 1983, when the test line of the M-Bahn was built from the Gleisdreieck to the Kemperplatz station.
The Ring-Bahn Line and the other S-Bahn lines are included, as are all U-Bahn lines, buses, trams, ferries, and most trains within the city limits: tickets are valid for all transportation considered part of the Berlin-Regional public transit system.
Residents who have applied for and received a German Disability Identification card confirming 80% or more disability (ID's available from the Versorgungsamt, German Disability Office), can ride without a pass, including an additional person (as a helper).
Provided either by the Job Center (Arbeitsamt) for out-of-work residents or by the Sozialamt for people who cannot work or are disabled, the S-Class ride-passes normally restrict travel to the AB zones and must be renewed (a new pass purchased at a non-automated location) on the 1st of each month.
BVG ride-passes are issued for specific periods of time, and most require validation with a stamping machine before they are first used.
The validation shows the date and time of the first use, and where the ticket was validated (in code), and therefore when the ticket expires.
For example, once validated, an all-day pass allows unlimited use from the time of purchase to 3:00 am the following day.
On the tram, S-Bahn and U-Bahn, a proof-of-payment system is used: there are random spot checks inside by plainclothes fare inspectors who have the right to demand to see each passenger's ticket.
The passenger may be required to pay on the spot, and is required on the spot to give a valid address to which the relevant fine notice can be mailed (it does not have to be in Germany).
On the third incident, the BVG calls the offender to court, as there is now a history of 'riding without paying'.
A full GSM (GSM-900 and GSM-1800) mobile phone network for Germany's four carriers is in place throughout the U-Bahn system of stations and tunnels.
This system was in place by 1995 for the E-Plus network, and was one of the first metro systems to allow mobile telephone use; by the late 1990s the other networks could be used as well.
Many of the carriages on the U-Bahn feature small flat screen displays that feature news headlines from BZ, weekly weather forecasts, and ads for local businesses.
There are several stations, platforms and tunnels that were built in preparation for future U-Bahn extensions, and others that have been abandoned following planning changes.
This segment of tunnel was abandoned in favour of a slightly less direct route in order to provide the former Wertheim department store at Moritzplatz with a direct connection.
The construction of the tunnel under Dresdner Straße had only been partially completed before abandonment, leaving it with only one track.
This tunnel is separated into three parts, as it was blocked by a concrete wall where it crossed the border between East and West Berlin.
Another concrete wall separates this tunnel, which now houses a transformer for an electricity supplier, from the never-completed Oranienplatz Station which is located partially under the square of the same name.
In the post-Second World War period it was not thought necessary to rebuild the station, due its close proximity to the Warschauer Straße station.
Although a Berlin map dated 1946 shows the station renamed as Bersarinstraße after the Soviet General responsible for restoring civil administration of the city, this name was used later at another location.
It was replaced by two new stations on either side, Augsburger Straße and an interchange station to the U9 at Spichernstraße.
The connection from Innsbrucker Platz station to the depot was severed when a deep level motorway underpass was constructed in the early 1970s; however, the continuation of the tunnel at Eisackstraße is still in existence for a distance of 270 metres and now ends at the former junction to the workshop of the Schöneberg line.
Platforms at five stations, Rathaus Steglitz, Schloßstraße, Walther-Schreiber-Platz, Innsbrucker Platz, and Kleistpark, were provided for the planned but never constructed U10.
At Schloßstraße, U9 and U10 were planned to share two directional platforms at different levels; the would-be U10 tracks have been abandoned, leaving both platforms used by U9 trains only.
During the construction of Adenauerplatz (U7) station, which was built in conjunction with an underpass, platforms were also provided for a planned U1 extension from Uhlandstraße to Theodor-Heuss-Platz.
After the construction boom that followed the reunification of the city, enthusiasm for further growth has cooled off; many people feel that Berlin's needs are adequately met by the present U- and S-Bahn.
As of 2007, the only proposals receiving serious consideration aim to facilitate travel around the existing system, such as moving Warschauer Straße's U-Bahn station closer to its S-Bahn station.
There are several long-term plans for the U-Bahn that have no estimated time of completion, most of which involve closing short gaps between stations, enabling them to connect to other lines.
New construction of U-Bahn lines is frequently the subject of political discussion with the Berlin CDU, FDP and AfD usually advocating in favor of U-Bahn expansion while the Social Democratic Party, the Greens and the leftist party usually advocate for tram construction instead.
The first trains were based on trams; they have a width of , and take their power from an upward facing third rail.
To accommodate greater passenger numbers without lengthening the trains—which would require costly extended platforms—trains that ran on lines built after World War I were required to be wider.
This is similar to New York City's A Division and B Division systems, where the B Division trains are wider than A Division trains.
Although the two profiles are generally incompatible, Kleinprofil trains have been modified to run on Großprofil lines during three periods of economic difficulty.
Between 1923 and 1927 on the Nord-Süd-Bahn, and between 1961 and 1978 on the E line, adapted Kleinprofil trains were used to compensate for the lack of new Großprofil trains: they were widened with wooden boards to reach the platforms; and had their power pickups adapted to accept power from the negatively charged downward-facing third rail, instead of positively charged upward-facing third rail.
As of 2017, Class IK Kleinprofil trains are in operation on the Großprofil line U5, after refurbishing the existing F79 rolling stock was deemed unfeasible.
They were widened with metal boards by on each side and elevated by to close the gap to the platforms; their power pickups were designed reversible to work on both profiles.
As of October 2019, IK rolling stock is still used on the U5; it is intended to move the trains to Kleinprofil lines once new Großprofil rolling stock has been delivered.
As of 2007, Kleinprofil trains run on the U1, U2, U3, U4 and U5 lines; and Großprofil trains operate on the U5, U55, U6, U7, U8, and U9 routes.
When the U-Bahn opened in 1902, forty-two multiple units, and twenty-one railroad cars, with a top speed of , had been built at the Warschauer Brücke workshop.
Meanwhile, A-I and A-II trains operated exclusively in East Berlin until 1975, when G-I trains, which had a top speed of , started to travel the Thälmannplatz–Pankow route.
In 2000, prototypes for a Kleinprofil variant of the H series were built; the HK differs from its Großprofil counterpart by not being fully interconnected—carriages are only interconnected within each of the two half-trains.
Like HK-type trains they will be interconnected and as a result of their regenerative braking will recuperate up to 20% of the energy they require.
The first sixteen multiple units and eight ordinary carriages entered active service on the Nord-Süd-Bahn in 1924, after a year of using modified Kleinprofil trains.
The first D-type trains, manufactured in 1957, were built from steel, making them very heavy and less efficient; however, the DL type that followed from 1965 used metals that were less dense, allowing a 26% reduction in weight.
Difficulties there in trying to develop an E series of trains led, in 1962, to the conversion of S-Bahn type 168 trains for use on the E line.
These E-III trains were desperately needed at the time to allow modified Kleinprofil trains to return to the increasingly busy A line but, following reunification, high running costs led to their retirement in 1994.
They varied from other models in having seats that were perpendicular to the sides of the train; from 1980, they also became the first U-Bahn trains to use three-phase electricity.
H-type trains are characterised by the interconnection of carriages throughout the length of the train; and they can only be removed from the tracks at main service depots.
The main workshops are the only places where trains can be lifted from the tracks; they are used for the full inspections required every few years, and for any major work on trains.
It has 17 tracks—2 for the main workshop, and 15 for the service workshop—but its inner-city location prevents any further expansion.
The division of the U-Bahn network on 13 August 1961 forced its closure, although it was reopened in 1995 as a storage depot.
A small depot operated at Krumme Lanke between 22 December 1929 and 1 May 1968; and, while the network was split, East Berlin's U-Bahn used the S-Bahn depot at Schöneweide, along with a small service workshop at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, which was closed following reunification.
's triangular layout had already been deemed unsuitable for future developments; this incident—and a later, less-serious one—triggered its reconstruction as a multi-level station, starting in 1912.
Thinking it was a fault of his, after several attempts he manually overrode the signal, in defiance of regulations that strictly prohibited such actions.
In October 1972, two trains and a 200 m length of tunnel were completely destroyed when the trains caught fire; the reconstructed tunnel is clearly differentiated from the old one.
On 8 July 2000, the last car of a GI/I train suffered a short circuit, burning out at the rear of the Deutsche Oper station.
The single exit of the station was unreachable, forcing the passengers to run through the tunnel to reach the next emergency exit.
The Portuguese Ambassador, João Diogo Nunes Barata, presented the BVG with (tiled paintings), specially designed for the station, by the artist José de Guimarães.
As a consequence of the Deutsche Oper incident, BVG decided to post an employee at every station with only one exit until a second exit could be built.
By June 2008, the only remaining stations with no second exit, Konstanzer Straße and Rudow, had been fitted with second exits.
Despite these changes, several passenger organisations—such as Pro Bahn, and IGEB—demand that stations with exits in the middle of the platform are also fitted with additional emergency exits.
Many stations are built this way; meeting those demands would place a heavy financial burden on both the BVG and the city.
Scheduled repair work on the line limited the normal service to between Alt-Mariendorf and Kurt-Schumacher-Platz; one train then shuttled back and forth between Kurt-Schumacher-Platz and Holzhauser Straße, sharing a platform at Kurt-Schumacher-Platz with the normal-service trains departing for their return journey to Alt-Mariendorf.
Unfortunately, he ignored the signal at the entry to Kurt-Schumacher-Platz, and ploughed into the side of a train heading back to Alt-Mariendorf.
Normal service did not resume for two days, and the removal of the two wrecked trains—which, surprisingly, could still roll along the tracks—also took nearly 48 hours.
The film's scenes feature a recreation of the station as it was in 1928—rather darker and dirtier than in the 21st century.
Kate Ryan, Overground, Böhse Onkelz, Xavier Naidoo, Die Fantastischen Vier, and the DJ duo Blank & Jones have all used the U-Bahn and its stations for their videos as well.
Sir William Frederick Lloyd (December 17, 1864 – June 13, 1937) was a newspaper editor and Prime Minister of Newfoundland from 1918 to 1919.
Born in Stockport, England, Lloyd emigrated to Newfoundland in 1890 where he taught school before becoming a journalist and becoming editor of The Telegram.
He was first elected to the Newfoundland House of Assembly in 1904 as a Liberal and became Leader of the opposition in 1916.
Due to a political crisis over conscription the government of Sir Edward Patrick Morris formed a National Government and invited Lloyd to join as Attorney-General.
After Morris retired at the end of 1917, the governor asked Lloyd to form a government even though he was from a minority party.
Lloyd took over the National Government but in 1919 his minister of finance, Sir Michael Patrick Cashin, who had succeeded Morris as leader of the Newfoundland People's Party moved a motion of no confidence and defeated the Lloyd government.
It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts) and then again through Russia (Rostov Oblast) to join the Don River, about from the Sea of Azov.
The Donets originates on the Central Russian Upland, near Podolkhi village, Prokhorovka area, north of Belgorod, at an elevation of above sea level.
Its basin contains over 3000 rivers, of which 425 are longer than and 11 are longer than ; 1011 of those rivers directly flow into the Donets.
The spring flood lasts about two months, from February to April - during this period the water level rises by .
It flows into the Don from its mouth, at an elevation of above sea level; thus the fall of the river is with the average gradient of 0.18 m/km.
In the downstream, after the confluence of the Wolf River (Volchiya River), there is Pechenihy Reservoir (volume 86 km) which supplies water to the city of Kharkiv.
In its middle, the river is partly fed by the Dnieper River waters which are brought though the Dnieper–Donbas–Seversky Donets channels which provide water to the coal industry of the Donets Basin, usually called the Donbass.
Near the Russian city of Donetsk (Rostov oblast), the river crosses the Donets Ridge and flows in a narrow valley with steep and rocky slopes.
The river played a crucial role for its ancient settlers as a source of water and food, means of transportation and trade route.
The first archaeological evidence of settlers relates to Cheulean and Acheulean periods of Lower Paleolithic through stone tools (axes) found on the river banks near Izium city of Kharkiv Oblast and in Luhansk Oblast.
Over the ages, the river banks were populated by tribals of various cultures, including Mousterian, Yamna, Catacomb, Scythian, Alan, Khazar and later Slavic cultures.
The many Cossacks became later assimilated into the strengthening Russian Empire, which had rebuilt and reinforced the fortress of Belgorod and cities of Kiev, Izium, Luhansk, Chuhuiv and others in order keep defensive lines against the raids of nomads from the south-east.
In the 18th–19th centuries, the river was extensively used for watermills, which numbered by hundreds by the end of the 18th century, and the mill dams interrupted navigation on the river.
Industrialization in the 19th century shifted interests to mineral exploitation in Donbas, with water-hungry plants concentrated mostly in Kiev, Luhansk and Donetsk.
Already by the 1930s, Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk were lacking water forcing the authorities to gradually create a network of canals and reservoirs.
By the 1950s, this measure proved insufficient, and in the 1960s, Pechenga Reservoir was constructed in place of the Kochetok Reservoir.
To supply water to southern Donbas and Donetsk, the 130-km long Donets-Donbass channel was built around 1958 starting near Raigorodok city, and in compensation, the Dnieper-Donbass channel was created to supply water from Dnieper River to the upstream of the Donets via the Bereka River.
Currently, with the War in Donbass, Luhansk Oblast is roughly split along the river between the Lugansk People's Republic controlling most of the portion of the oblast south of the Donets, and the Ukrainian government with the territory north of the Donets.
Attempts to improve the dam network in the 19th and early 20th centuries, which were partly promoted by Dmitri Mendeleev, were interrupted by World War I, Russian Civil War and lack of funds.
The design of the dams and their old age slowed down the navigation of the river, which is currently rather limited.
Ukraine alone uses more than of river waters per year, half of which is returned as polluted discharges; this consumption effectively reduces river runoff by .
In Kharkiv Oblast, water is contaminated by industrial and communal wastes of Belgorod, Izyum and Shebekino cities, but the water is partially purified through the Pechenga Reservoir.
The density of plants and thus the contamination increase downstream in Donetsk and Luhansk areas, especially around Lysychansk and Sievierodonetsk, about 400 km from the mouth.
Some tributaries of the Donets, such as Kozenyi Butt, Bakhmut and Lugan are so polluted that consuming fish caught there is dangerous.
On the banks of the river, in the floodplain wetlands, there are abundant water frogs, toads (especially green toad), smooth and great crested newts and less common grass snake, dice snake and European pond terrapin.
Human activities, mainly cultivation of the steppes, resulted in the disappearance of animals formerly common in the basin, such as tarpan, steppe antelope, saiga antelope, marmots and others.
Back in the 1960s–1970s, especially near Oskol River, it was not unusual to meet bobak marmot, Eurasian deer, wild boar and Russian desman.
The Donets is regarded as one of the most scenic rivers of East European Plain and contains many hiking and biking routes along its banks.
Kevin Maurice Garnett (born May 19, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player who played for 21 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
He is one of four NBA players to win both the Most Valuable Player and the Defensive Player of the Year awards.
In high school, Garnett was a 1995 McDonald's All-American at Farragut Career Academy and won a national player of the year award.
He entered the 1995 NBA draft, where he was selected with the fifth overall pick by the Minnesota Timberwolves and became the first NBA player drafted directly out of high school in 20 years.
Garnett has been named to 15 All-Star Games, winning the All-Star MVP award in 2003, and is currently tied for third-most All-Star selections with 15.
He was named the NBA Defensive Player of the Year in 2007–08, and has been selected nine times for All-NBA Teams and 12 times for All-Defensive Teams.
In his first year with the Celtics, he helped lead them to the NBA championship, while also finishing in third place for the MVP award.
In 2013, Garnett was included in a second headline trade that sent him to the Brooklyn Nets with longtime Celtic Paul Pierce.
Garnett fell in love with the sport of basketball while attending Hillcrest Middle School, although he did not play organized basketball until high school.
In his first three years of high school, Garnett attended Mauldin High School in Mauldin, South Carolina and played on the school's basketball team.
However, during the summer before his senior year of high school, Garnett was in the general vicinity of a fight between black and white students.
Although not directly involved, Garnett was one of three students arrested for second-degree lynching, a charge that was expunged through a pre-trial intervention.
Due to the racially charged incident and fearful of being a target, Garnett decided to leave Mauldin High and transferred to Farragut Career Academy in Chicago's West Side, for his senior year of high school.
He was also named Mr. Basketball for the state of Illinois after averaging 25.2 points, 17.9 rebounds, 6.7 assists and 6.5 blocks while shooting 66.8% from the field.
Garnett was named the Most Outstanding Player at the McDonald's All-American Game after registering 18 points, 11 rebounds, 4 assists and 3 blocked shots, and then declared himself eligible for the 1995 NBA draft.
To mark the 35th anniversary of the McDonald's All-American High School Boys Basketball Game, Garnett was honored as one of 35 Greatest McDonald's All-Americans.
Garnett's decision not to play college basketball was influenced in part by his failure to score well enough on the ACT to meet NCAA requirements for freshman eligibility.
A Chicago area high school coach referred Garnett with Eric Fleisher, then agent for 18 NBA players and son of first National Basketball Players Association head Larry Fleisher, to discuss the possibility of going to the NBA straight out of high school.
Fleisher then set Detroit Pistons assistant John Hammond to run the drills at another workout at the University of Illinois-Chicago to gauge NBA interest.
Representatives from the 13 teams with lottery picks, with Kevin McHale, Elgin Baylor, Flip Saunders, and Kevin Loughery among them, were in the workout that was scheduled around the same time as a pre-draft tryout camp.
The workout included Garnett touching the box painted on the backboard above the rim multiple times, and McHale giving Garnett tips on shooting jump shots.
An hour before going to the 1995 NBA Draft in the Toronto SkyDome, his coach at Farragut, William (Wolf) Nelson, gave encouragement and told Garnett that he passed the last SAT test he took with a score of 970.
Garnett was drafted with the fifth overall pick in the 1995 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves, and became the first player to be drafted directly out of high school since 1975.
In Garnett's rookie season, the Timberwolves were in the midst of a transition phase; they replaced Bill Blair with Flip Saunders as head coach early in the season, and made several trades.
Garnett initially came off the bench in his rookie year, but moved into the starting lineup soon after Saunders became head coach and with the urging of Sam Mitchell.
Garnett did not immediately leap to stardom as later prep-to-pro prospects such as Amar'e Stoudemire, LeBron James and Dwight Howard would, but he did have a very respectable rookie year.
Despite having some promising players, the Timberwolves suffered through their seventh consecutive sub-30 win season and failed to make the playoffs.
Before the 1996–97 season, the Timberwolves made a draft-day trade for point guard Stephon Marbury of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.
With a 40–42 record, the Timberwolves made their first playoff appearance in franchise history, Garnett and Gugliotta made their first All-Star appearances, and Marbury established himself as a valuable young lead guard.
However, the Houston Rockets, led by Hakeem Olajuwon, Clyde Drexler, and Charles Barkley, proved to be too much as the Timberwolves were swept 3–0 in the first round of the 1997 NBA Playoffs.
They thought there would be more offered to them on the basis of the signings of $105 million over seven years for Alonzo Mourning of the Miami Heat and $100.8 million over seven years for Juwan Howard with the Washington Bullets.
To get out of the spotlight while negotiations were ongoing, Garnett stayed in Fleisher's Westchester County home, north of New York City.
One hour before the deadline on 1 October 1997, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million.
The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own.
The enormous size of Garnett's contract was considered, by numerous sports writers, a major cause of labor tensions between players and owners that led to a lockout which shortened the 1998–99 NBA season.
Despite the furor over his new contract, Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game.
Again, he was an All-Star, and the Timberwolves finished with their first winning record in franchise history (45–37 for the season).
For the second consecutive year, the young Timberwolves bowed out of the playoffs in the first round, this time losing 3–2 to the Seattle SuperSonics and superstar point guard Gary Payton.
Putting up stats of 20.8 points, 10.4 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 1.8 blocks per game, he was named to the All-NBA Third Team.
Although the Wolves received two-time All-Star Terrell Brandon in return, they were not able to overcome the discord and limped into the playoffs as the eighth seed with a 25–25 record.
The Wolves were defeated in the first round again, this time losing 3–1 to the eventual champion San Antonio Spurs who were led by young superstar and eventual NBA Finals MVP Tim Duncan.
In the 1999–2000 NBA season, Garnett continued his notable play, averaging 22.9 points, 11.8 rebounds, 5.0 assists, 1.6 blocks and 1.5 steals per game.
Garnett also made the first of his four All-NBA First Team appearances and came in second place in the MVP voting.
Assisted by sharpshooting rookie forward Wally Szczerbiak and steady veteran Terrell Brandon, the Wolves posted a franchise-best 50–32 record, but succumbed in the first round to the Portland Trail Blazers 3–1.
On May 20, 2000, Timberwolves' guard and Garnett's close friend Malik Sealy was killed by a drunk driver shortly after celebrating Garnett's 24th birthday.
The league punished the team for the illegal signing by stripping them of three first-round draft picks, fining Glen Taylor (the owner of the team) $3.5 million, and banning general manager Kevin McHale for one year.
In the 2000–01 NBA season, Garnett led the Wolves to a 47–35 record and made the All-NBA Second Team, but again, the Wolves did not survive the first round of the playoffs, losing to the Spurs 3–1.
In the 2001–02 season, Garnett posted another notable season, his averages of 21.2 points, 12.1 rebounds, 5.2 assists, 1.6 blocks and 1.2 steals per game enough for another All-NBA Second Team nomination.
However, the Timberwolves bowed out in the first round for the sixth consecutive time, this time getting swept 3–0 by the Dallas Mavericks led by Michael Finley, Steve Nash and Dirk Nowitzki.
Garnett's next season was one of the best of his career, his 23.0 ppg / 13.4 rpg / 6.0 apg / 1.6 bpg / 1.4 spg season earning him his second All-NBA First Team nomination and second place in the MVP voting.
The Timberwolves posted a good 51–31 record, but for the seventh consecutive time, they did not make it out of the first round, this time losing to the Los Angeles Lakers 4–2.
In past years, the Wolves had practically been a one-man show, but now, the Timberwolves had made two valuable acquisitions: highly talented but volatile swingman Latrell Sprewell and the seasoned two-time NBA champion Sam Cassell, who supplanted Troy Hudson at point guard.
Powered by the best supporting cast up to this point in his career, Garnett averaged 24.2 points, 13.9 rebounds, 5.0 assists, 2.2 blocks and 1.5 steals per game for the season.
Having recorded career-highs in points, rebounds, blocks and leading the league rebounds, Garnett was named the league Most Valuable Player for the first time in his career.
With a franchise-record 58 wins, the Wolves stormed into the playoffs, and finally conquered their playoff bane by defeating the Denver Nuggets 4–1 in the first round.
After disposing of the strong Sacramento Kings 4–3 in the Western Conference semi-finals, Garnett and the Timberwolves met the Lakers in the Western Conference Finals.
In the 2004–05 season, Garnett was able to record a career-high in terms of scoring as he scored 47 points and grabbed 17 rebounds in a 115-122 loss to the Phoenix Suns.
He was also named to the All-NBA Second Team, but the Timberwolves failed to make the playoffs for the first time in eight years with a record of 44–38.
Sprewell turned down a three-year, $21 million extension, and the Wolves wary of his injuries and age, traded Cassell for the much less effective Marko Jarić, and the team's record for 2005–06 fell to 33–49.
During the 2007 off-season, Glen Taylor admitted that although he had planned on retaining Garnett, he would finally listen to trade offers.
Garnett's name was mentioned in various trade rumors involving the Chicago Bulls, Los Angeles Lakers, Golden State Warriors, Indiana Pacers, Boston Celtics, Phoenix Suns and Dallas Mavericks.
On July 31, 2007, in exchange for Al Jefferson, Ryan Gomes, Sebastian Telfair, Gerald Green, Theo Ratliff, cash considerations, Boston's 2009 first-round draft pick (top 3 protected), and the 2009 first-round pick which Minnesota had traded to Boston in the Ricky Davis–Wally Szczerbiak trade of 2006.
At the time of the trade, Garnett had the longest current tenure of any player in the NBA with one team, having played for the Timberwolves for his first 12 seasons (a total of 927 games).
Garnett said that he was proud to be a part of the Celtics, and hoped to continue its proud tradition and basketball success.
On the day the trade was announced, Garnett signed a three-year, $60 million contract extension that would start after his prior deal ran out in 2009.
On August 1, the day after signing with the Celtics, Garnett threw the ceremonial first pitch at Fenway Park prior to a Red Sox–Orioles game.
Garnett wore jersey number 5 for the Celtics since his number with the Timberwolves, number 21, was retired by the Celtics, previously worn by Bill Sharman.
However, Garnett was unable to play due to an abdominal strain, and Detroit Pistons forward Rasheed Wallace was named to replace him.
Garnett passed 20,000 points for his career, becoming the 32nd player in NBA history to reach the mark, with a layup in the second quarter against the Memphis Grizzlies on March 8.
Garnett helped the Celtics to their 17th NBA Championship, with 26 points and 14 rebounds in Game 6 of the NBA Finals.
During that championship season, Garnett and Celtics legend Bill Russell developed a relationship, which Garnett credited as a major influence in helping him succeed during his first season as a Celtic.
On October 31, 2008, Garnett became the youngest player in NBA history to reach 1,000 career games, at 32 years and 165 days.
Following the All-Star Game, during a game against the Utah Jazz, Garnett strained his right knee late in the second quarter.
Upon his return from the injury, he averaged 9 points and 4.5 rebounds in four games before being shut down for the season permanently, missing the final 25 games of the regular season, as well as the 2009 playoffs due to a right knee sprain.
In the 2009–10 season, Garnett and the Celtics, joined by newly signed free agent Rasheed Wallace, struggled with injuries and inconsistency throughout much of the regular season and earned the fourth seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs.
Despite being written off by nearly every major sports analyst, the Celtics elevated their play and consistency, and dominated opponents much as they did during their 2008 championship run.
They eliminated the Miami Heat, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Orlando Magic to advance to face the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2010 NBA Finals.
The 2010 Finals went to a decisive seventh game in Los Angeles, where the Celtics led well into the third quarter before the Lakers mounted a comeback and held on for the victory.
In the lockout shortened 2011–12 NBA season, Garnett and the Celtics started off slowly, being below .500 with a 15–17 record by the All-Star break.
After, however, Boston quickly became one of the best teams in the league, finishing the second half of the season with a 24–10 record, entering the playoffs as the fourth seed in the Eastern Conference with a 39–27 record.
Boston made the Eastern Conference Finals for the third time in five years, and faced another superstar trio in Chris Bosh, Dwyane Wade and LeBron James of the Miami Heat.
On January 17, 2013, it was announced that Garnett had been voted to start in the 2013 All-Star Game in Houston.
On June 28, 2013, the day of the NBA draft, the Boston Celtics and the Brooklyn Nets reached a deal to trade Garnett, Paul Pierce and Jason Terry for future first-round picks in the 2014, 2016, and 2018 drafts, as well as Kris Humphries, Gerald Wallace, Kris Joseph, MarShon Brooks and Keith Bogans.
In reaching the milestone, Garnett also joined Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Karl Malone as the only players to reach 25,000 points, 14,000 rebounds and 5,000 assists.
Despite boasting a starting line-up of Deron Williams, Joe Johnson, Brook Lopez, Paul Pierce, and Garnett, the Nets were unable to advance past the second round of the playoffs, while Garnett finished his 19th NBA season with career low averages of 6.5 points and 6.6 rebounds per game.
On November 1, 2014, Garnett had arguably his best game for the Nets as he recorded 18 points and 14 rebounds in 35 minutes of action in the Nets' 102–90 win over the Detroit Pistons.
Six days later, he recorded five rebounds in a 110–99 win over the New York Knicks and by doing so, passed Walt Bellamy for ninth place on the all-time rebounding list.
On February 19, 2015, Garnett agreed to waive his no-trade clause in order to be traded back to Minnesota in exchange for Thaddeus Young.
Six days later, he made his return for the Timberwolves against the Washington Wizards at the Target Center, recording five points on 2-of-7 shooting with eight rebounds and two blocks in 19 minutes in his first game for Minnesota since 2007.
He appeared in just five games for the Timberwolves in 2014–15, before sitting out the team's final 21 games of the season due to a nagging knee injury.
On November 15, 2015, against the Memphis Grizzlies, Garnett became the fifth player in NBA history to play at least 50,000 minutes, joining Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, Jason Kidd and Elvin Hayes.
Four days later, in a loss to the Portland Trail Blazers, he became the 15th player in NBA history to surpass 26,000 career points.
On December 11, Garnett passed Malone as the NBA's all-time leader in defensive rebounds during Minnesota's 111–108 overtime loss to the Denver Nuggets.
Garnett appeared in 38 of the team's first 45 games of the season before missing the entire second half of the season with a right knee injury, the same knee that kept him out of 25 games in 2008–09 when he was playing for Boston, as well as much of his post-trade time in Minnesota during the 2014–15 season.
While Garnett did express interest in playing for one more season with the Timberwolves, primarily with the goal in helping the team make it to the playoffs again with its promising young players and new head coach, he also told the team's owner that he wasn't sure that his knees would hold up for one more season.
The movie is set in 2012 and revolves around an Eastern Conference Semifinals series from that year between the Boston Celtics and Philadelphia 76ers.
Garnett makes a trip from Philadelphia to a jewelry store owned by Adam Sandler's character Howard Ratner in New York's Diamond District and takes a liking to an Ethiopian opal which Ratner shows him; this leads to events that eventually spiral into chaos as the movie goes on.
Their choices before Garnett included Amar'e Stoudemire (denied to cut his hair to the time period), Kobe Bryant (his representation said he wanted to direct, not act, though Bryant denied any knowledge of the project) and Joel Embiid (his schedule made it impossible to film) Garnett was one of the first retired athletes they approached.
He brought OBF members to live with him in his Minnesota home, and let some on board some team's charter flights during road trips.
He met Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, the Grammy-winning record producers for Janet Jackson and Boyz II Men, early in his career in Minnesota and considers them as mentors.
Located in the Sydney harbourside suburb of , New South Wales, the house is at the far eastern end of Kirribilli Avenue.
It is one of two official Prime Ministerial residences, the primary official residence being The Lodge in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
The land had been sliced off the grounds of adjacent Wotonga House, which now forms part of Admiralty House, but was then in private ownership.
Feez built the picturesque Gothic-style structure now known as Kirribilli House – a twin-gabled dwelling or cottage ornée – on the land's highest spot.
Allen planned to subdivide the land but after much public agitation the then Prime Minister of Australia, Billy Hughes, resumed the property for Government purposes in 1920.
The property was used by the staff of the Governor-General of Australia (who occupied neighbouring Admiralty House) until 1930, when it was leased to tenants.
In 1956 Kirribilli House was set aside as a residence for the use of Australia's Prime Ministers, when they need to perform public duties and extend official hospitality on behalf of the government during stays in Sydney.
It commands impressive views across to the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Circular Quay and the Sydney Opera House and has been visited over the years by many important international dignitaries.
He went first to London in 1849 and is listed on the Certificate of Arrival as being a merchant and an architect.
He established himself as a successful merchant and was a partner in the trading company called Rabone, Feez and Co. His brother was Albrecht Feez, who later became a prominent citizen in Rockhampton.
In 1859 the birth of a daughter at Sophienberg was recorded in the newspaper so it appears that the house continued to be called by this name after the Lawrys purchased it.
Esther Lawry’s maiden name was Esther Matilda Hosking Hughes and she was the step granddaughter of Samuel Terry the very wealthy convict entrepreneur.
There was public outcry about the sale of the house and the Government under the then Prime Minister Billy Hughes decided to resume it.
Although Kirribilli was never intended to be the Australian Prime Minister's official primary place of residence, John Howard attracted much adverse comment when he announced at the beginning of his Prime Ministership in 1996 that he would use Kirribilli House as his primary place of residence.
Howard would use The Lodge as a residence when in Canberra for parliamentary or government business, though lived primarily at Kirribilli House.
He said at the time he commenced his Prime Ministership that he had made this decision so that his family could remain together while his three children lived at home and one son attended high school in Sydney.
Howard's decision raised ire particularly in Melbourne, since the main reason Canberra was established as Australia's capital was to avoid giving that status to either of Australia's two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne.
At the time of Federation, the century-long rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne was so heated that it was believed neither city would accept the other as capital.
Howard's explanation left open the possibility that once his children had left home, he would then take up residence in Canberra at The Lodge.
He sometimes said that The Lodge was effectively his main residence due to his work requiring him to be in Canberra more often than in Sydney, but he has never retreated from his decision in principle to base himself at Kirribilli House whenever he was not needed in Canberra.
Following the defeat of the Liberal-National coalition government at the 2007 federal election, Howard, who was Australia's second longest-serving prime minister, and his family vacated Kirribilli House.
Kirribilli House returned to being the Prime Minister's Sydney residence, as Howard's successor, Kevin Rudd, indicated that he would make The Lodge his main and primary residence.
Scott Morrison stays at The Lodge when he is in Canberra for parliamentary or government business, but lives primarily at Kirribilli House, Sydney.
Morrison stated that this was to ensure that his daughters could continue to 'live as normal a life as is possible'.
Albert Edgar Hickman (August 2, 1875 – February 9, 1943) was the seventeenth Prime Minister of Newfoundland and has the distinction of having served the shortest term of any Prime Minister.
Hickman, a politician and businessman, served as Prime Minister of Newfoundland for 33 days in 1924 as leader of a caretaker administration after the successive collapses of the Liberal Reform Party governments of Prime Ministers Sir Richard Squires and William Warren.
The governor asked Hickman to form an administration to govern the province when the government of William Warren was defeated in a Motion of No Confidence.
Hickman invited members of various former members of the Liberal Reform Party as well as members of other parties into his government which he called the Liberal-Progressive Party.
His new party was defeated in the 9 June 1924 election by former supporters of Warren who joined with the conservative opposition to form the Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party.
Hickman served as Leader of the Opposition until he retired from politics in 1928, by which time his party had degenerated and a new Liberal Party had emerged led by Squires.
The Grand Central Hotel, later renamed the Broadway Central Hotel, was a hotel at 673 Broadway, New York City, that was famous as the site of the murder of financier James Fisk in 1872 by Edward S. Stokes.
This hotel, which opened in 1870, was designed by Henry Engelbert, and was commissioned by Elias S. Higgins, a local carpet manufacturer.
The hotel's facade was reminiscent of Engelbert's Grand Hotel (New York City) on Broadway and West 31st Street, which was also commissioned by Higgins.
Both of these hotels by Engelbert were characterized by elaborate mansards with dormers in the French Second Empire style, although the Grand Central Hotel was clearly the larger and more elaborate of the two.
Since the disastrous fire in April, 1867, which destroyed the Winter Garden Theatre, under the Lafarge House, that hotel has been closed.
In March last it was sold at public auction by the heirs of the Lafarge estate E. S. Higgins, Esq., who is recorded fourth on the list of wealthy citizens for the sum of $1,000,000.
This gentleman determined on erecting the largest hotel in the country, and will doubtless succeed, as when completed the new hotel will contain 630 rooms, 200 more than either the Fifth Avenue, Metropolitan or St. Nicholas Hotel, and 100 more than the celebrated Lindell Hotel at St. Louis, which was burned some three years ago; 200 of the rooms will be parlors en suite.
Three elevators, which will perform the trip from the first floor to the attic in thirty seconds, will be in use for the benefit of guests night and day.
The halls and rooms will require carpeting sufficient to cover seven acres [28,000 m²], and will be of the finest quality - Brussels and velvet.
All the rooms will be heated with steam, and on each floor hydrants, hose, and everything necessary will be furnished to extinguish fire.
There will be three large dining-rooms extending from the main hall on the second story to the Mercer street wall, the largest of which will accommodate 500 guests.
There are at present 350 men employed on the building, and the contractor calculates that he will complete it by the 1st of June next but the hotel will not be open for the reception of guests until the following August.
On February 2, 1876, 8 baseball teams formed what became the National League of Major League Baseball at the Grand Central Hotel.
On August 3, 1973, allegedly due in part to illegal alterations on a basement bearing wall, a section of the Broadway facade of the structure, then known as the University Hotel, collapsed onto Broadway, killing four residents of the hotel.
By this time the building had deteriorated into a welfare hotel, but it housed Art Bar, a successor for a brief time as a venue for the artists and sculptors who had congregated at Max's Kansas City.
On the Mercer Street side of the hotel there was the Mercer Arts Center, a complex of live theaters operated by Sy and Cynthia Kaback.
The remains of the hotel were demolished, and New York University subsequently built a 22-story student dorm for law students on the site.
It is located in the suburb of Kirribilli, on the northern foreshore of Sydney Harbour (adjacent to Kirribilli House, which is the Sydney official residence of the Australian Prime Minister).
This large Victorian Regency and Italianate sandstone manor, completed in stages based on designs by James Barnet and Walter Liberty Vernon, occupies the tip of Kirribilli Point.
Its current name originates in the fact that it served as the residence for the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Navy's Australia Squadron from 1885 to 1913.
The original building on the site was completed, as a private dwelling, in mid-to-late 1843, by John George Nathaniel Gibbes, the then Collector of Customs for New South Wales and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.
Before the arrival of British settlers in Sydney Harbour, the Aboriginal Cammeraygal people lived along the Kirribilli and Milsons Point foreshores, and in the surrounding bushland.
The name Cammeraygal is displayed on the North Sydney Municipal Council emblem, and also gave name to the suburb of Cammeray.
Four years later the Colonial Secretary recorded that the land grant to Lightfoot was cancelled and given to Robert Ryan in 1800 with no mention of the intermediate (private) sale to Muir.
The of Lightfoot's Grant was cancelled and included in a grant to Ryan for his service in the Royal Marines and the NSW Corps.
Campbell built Australia's first shipbuilding yards in 1807, at the site that is now occupied by the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron, Kirribilli.
In 1842, the site where Admiralty House now sits was leased to the Collector of Customs for the Colony, Lieutenant-Colonel (later full Colonel) Gibbes, MLC.
On the superb Kirribilli Point location, Gibbes erected, between 1842 and 1843, a graceful single-storey house with wide verandahs and elegant French doors.
The stone for the house's walls was quarried locally and the hardwood and cedar joinery came from George Coleson's timber-yard in George Street, Sydney.
Gibbes engaged James Hume, a well-known builder who dabbled in ecclesiastical architecture, to supervise the construction of the building and its stables.
Gibbes, however, hired his own masons, bricklayers, carpenters, plumbers and ironmongers to work on the project, paying each of them separately as work progressed.
Once completed, Gibbes' L-shaped residence featured a plain, yet stylish, double façade to maximise the building's magnificent, sweeping views across Sydney Harbour.
These views enabled Gibbes to monitor shipping traffic in and out of Darling Harbour and, more importantly, Circular Quay, where the Sydney Customs House was situated.
Today, Wotonga forms the core of Admiralty House and the building's 180-degree, east-west panoramic sight-lines are even more spectacular than they were in Gibbes' day, owing to the subsequent high-rise growth of Sydney's CBD.
Gibbes, incidentally, was said to be the illegitimate child of His Royal Highness Frederick, Duke of York, (King George III's second son).
This reputed connection to the British monarchy adds spice to the house on Kirribilli Point's subsequent role as a vice-regal establishment.
In 1849, Robert Campbell died and the executors of the estate sold the property, comprising the house and land, to Gibbes for about A£1,400.
On 27 December 1851, Gibbes, who was contemplating a departure from the Customs Service at the age of 64, sold the property to James Lindsay Travers, a merchant of Macquarie Place, Sydney, for £1,533.
A small portion of the Kirribilli Point land, a little over was sold by Travers in 1854 to a merchant, Adolph Frederic Feez.
Kirribilli House, situated next door to Admiralty House, serves today as the official Sydney residence of the Prime Minister of Australia.
These fortifications, along with Fort Denison, were intended to strengthen the defences of Sydney Harbour, as it was feared that the Russians might attack.
In 1856, Lieutenant-Colonel Barney bought the house and its grounds so that he could view all of the sites that he had fortified.
In 1866, it was let to Frederick Lassetter and subsequently to James Robert Wilshire, a former Lord Mayor of Sydney and a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1858 to 1861.
In April 1874, Wotonga House was auctioned and bought for £10,100 by Thomas Cadell, a Sydney merchant and member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1881 to 1896.
In 1885, the Royal Navy's Australian Squadron was raised to the status of an Admiral's command in recognition of the colony's growing importance.
A neo-Gothic style gate lodge was also added to the grounds, as was a covered Admiral's Walk leading down to the berth for the Admiral's barge below.
In 1913, this part of the history of Admiralty House came to a close when the last British admiral left the house and the Royal Australian Navy took over responsibility for the naval defence of Australia.
From the Federation of Australia in 1901, the Government House of New South Wales in Farm Cove was used as the Sydney residence of the Governor-General.
In 1912, the Government of New South Wales decided to put the building to public purposes once more, leaving the Governor-General of the period, Lord Denman, without a Sydney residence.
With the departure of the last British Admiral from Admiralty House the following year, the Admiralty handed the house back to the New South Wales Government.
In 1930, during the Great Depression, the Scullin Government had Admiralty House closed, and its contents were sold at Auction in 1931.
In 1936, the State of New South Wales reopened Admiralty House as the Sydney residence for the new Governor-General, Lord Gowrie.
Formal title to Admiralty House finally passed from the State Government to the Commonwealth by Crown grant in 1948, on the condition that the house was to be used only as a residence for the Governor-General.
Admiralty House, its grounds, and Kirribilli House are usually open to the public once a year, sometime in spring when the gardens are at their best.
The Royal Family and other dignitaries, such as the President of the United States and the Pope, are entertained at Admiralty House when they are in Sydney.
The ground floor of the house contains a vestibule and hallway, two reception rooms, a dining-room, a study and an elaborate central staircase.
The house is furnished extensively with colonial furniture, porcelain, ornaments and numerous historical artworks such as portraits of Captain James Cook and some former Governors-General, including Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson.
In its first decades of operation, the trains were steam-drawn; even after the electrification of large parts of the network, a number of lines remained under steam.
The third unique technical feature of the Berlin S-Bahn, the , is being phased out and replaced by a communications-based train control system specific to the Berlin S-Bahn.
Services on the Berlin S-Bahn have been provided by the Prussian or German national railway company of the respective time, which means the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft after the First World War, the Deutsche Reichsbahn of the GDR (in both East and West Berlin) until 1993 (except West Berlin from 1984 to 1994, the BVG period) and Deutsche Bahn after its incorporation in 1994.
The western termini are located at Potsdam and Spandau, although the S5 only runs as far as Westkreuz and the S75 to Ostkreuz.
Thus, S25 is a branch of S2, while S41, S42, S45, S46, and S47 are all Ringbahn routes that share some of the same route.
Some Funknamen are not used in regular service, such as Heinrich, Baikal, Jaguar, Gustav, or Saale (being used for special soccer service trains, usually running for fans under the line S3 between Charlottenburg and Olympiastadion.
Stations in brackets are serviced at certain times only (Monday through Friday during offpeak in the case of and during peak in the case of and ).
For example, every other train on runs only to Frohnau, five stops before Oranienburg, and the last stop on towards Erkner which is reached by every train is Friedrichshagen.
Similarly, some northbound trains terminate at Gesundbrunnen, and most trains run only to Strausberg or even Mahlsdorf, rendering Strausberg Nord the least served stop on the whole network.
The S-Bahn generally operates between 4am and 1am Monday to Friday, between 5am and 1am on Saturdays and between 6:30am and 1am on Sundays during normal daytime service.
However, there is a comprehensive night-time service on most lines between 1am and 5am on Saturdays and 01:00 and 06:30 on Sundays, which means that most stations enjoy a continuous service between Friday morning and Sunday evening.
While the regular railway tariff was based on multiplying the distance covered with a fixed price per kilometer, the special tariff for this Berlin tariff zone was based on a graduated tariff based on the number of stations touched during the travel.
The first ideas for this project emerged only 10 years after the completion of the East-West cross-city line, with several concrete proposals resulting from a 1909 competition held by the Berlin city administration.
Another concrete proposal, already very close to the final realisation, was put forward in 1926 by Professor Jenicke of Breslau university.
Many sections of the S-Bahn were closed during the war, both through enemy action and flooding of the Nord-Süd-Bahn tunnel on 2 May 1945 during the final Battle of Berlin.
The exact number of casualties is not known, but up to 200 people are presumed to have perished, since the tunnel was used as a public shelter and also served to house military wounded in trains on underground sidings.
The Allies had decided that S-Bahn service in the western sectors of Berlin should continue to be provided by the Reichsbahn (DR), which was by now the provider of railway services in East Germany.
As relations between East and West began to sour with the coming of the Cold War, it had become the victim of the hostilities.
From 1958 onward, some S-Bahn trains ran non-stop through the western sectors from stations in East Berlin to stations on outlying sections in East Germany so as to avoid the need for such controls.
In East Berlin, the S-Bahn retained a transport share of approximately 35 percent, the mode of transport with the highest passenger share.
However, the Berlin S-Bahn strike brought the S-Bahn to the attention of the public, and aroused the desire for West Berlin to manage its section of the S-Bahn itself.
In December 1983, these were concluded with Allied consent to the agreement between the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the Berlin Senate for the transfer of operating rights of the S-Bahn in the area of West Berlin.
The BVG received the oldest carriages from the DR; but the BVG was eager to quickly get to modern standards for a subway.
Therefore, soon new S-Bahn trains were purchased on their behalf, which are still in use on the Berlin S-Bahn network as the 480 series.
After the Berlin Wall came down in November 1989, the first broken links were re-established, with Friedrichstraße on 1 July 1990, as the first.
Administratively, the divided S-Bahn networks remained separate in this time of momentous changes, encompassing German reunification and reunification of Berlin into a single city, although the dividing line was no longer the former Berlin Wall.
DR and BVG (of the whole of reunified Berlin from 1 January 1992, after absorbing BVB of East Berlin) operated individual lines end to end, both into the other party's territories.
This arrangement ended on 1 January 1994, with the creation of Deutsche Bahn due to the merger between DR and the former West Germany's Deutsche Bundesbahn.
All S-Bahn operations in Berlin were transferred to the newly formed S-Bahn Berlin GmbH as a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn, and the BVG withdrew from running S-Bahn services.
Technically, a number of projects followed in the steps of re-establishing broken links in order to restore the former S-Bahn network to its 1961 status after 1990, especially the Ringbahn.
In December 1997 the connection between Neukölln and Treptower Park via Sonnenallee was reopened, enabling S4 trains to run 75% of the whole ring between Schönhauser Allee and Jungfernheide.
MTR Corporation, National Express Group, Berlin S-Bahn GmbH and RATP Development had tendered for their procurement process, and were soon followed by train manufacturer Stadler Rail for their operations from 2018 to 2033.
They are Schöneweide (opened in December 1927), Friedrichsfelde (opened in 1 March 1903), Grünau (opened in 1 April 1910), Wannsee (opened in 15 May 1933), Erkner (opened in 1928) and Oranienburg (opened in 1925).
The connection to Spandau West became in the following years the traditional train course, which was maintained after 1945 until the building of the wall.
In December 2015, S-Bahn Berlin signed a framework contract with the Stadler/Siemens consortium for the supply of up to 1380 electric multiple unit cars.
The initial base order, to be completed by 2023, consists of 85 four-car and 21 two-car sets, which will be used on the Ring and the southeastern branches, under Class 483 and 484.
The train is equipped with a modern multimedia system so that the announcements via headphones can be followed in multiple languages.
As with this car the windows extend into the roof for a better field of vision, it is called a panorama train (previously known as a panoramic suburban train).
With nine lines (four on the Stadtbahn and five on the Ringbahn), Ostkreuz is one of the busiest stations on the network.
Work under the current plans was original projected to be completed by 2016, but it has been delayed and it is now expected to be completed in 2018.
In October 2009, the new Regionalbahn station on the Ringbahn was sufficiently complete for S-Bahn trains on the Ringbahn to use it temporarily.
In 2010 and 2011, rebuilt stations were put into operation in several stages at Baumschulenweg and Adlershof and the bridges over the Britz Canal and the Teltow Canal were replaced.
In preparation for the opening of Berlin-Brandenburg Airport in Schönefeld in the south of Berlin, the S-Bahn line will be extended from the current terminus at Berlin-Schoenefeld Airport in a long curve to the new terminal.
On 24 July 2009, the airport company transferred the completed shell of the airport railway station and the first part of the tunnel to DB.
For the underground excavation in Invalidenstrasse, diaphragm walls were built into the ground and the trench in between was covered with a reinforced concrete lid.
This stage involves the construction of a curve to the Westhafen and an eastern connection to Wedding inside the northern Ringbahn.
Structural preparation for these junctions to these lines had already been made during the construction of the North–South mainline in 2006.
From there, the existing line will run in a southerly direction (in the tunnel layer) to the Berlin Hauptbahnhof east of the North–South mainline.
The construction of the second section of the S21 is to begin no earlier than 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2023.
It will run next to the existing Nord-Süd Tunnel to Brandenburg Gate and separate from it to run to Potsdamer Platz.
The first north-south S-Bahn tunnel was designed in 1939 with room for an additional two tracks at Potsdamer Platz and to its south for the new line.
Since reunification, there have been suggestions that lines that have not been used since 1961 or 1980 should be rebuilt and connected to the network by some new lines.
Following a decision of the Berlin House of Representatives, the goal is essentially to restore the S-Bahn network to its extent in 1961.
This was stated in an agreement between Deutsche Bahn, the Federal Ministry of Transport and the Senate on 4 November 1993.
In a study of the transport development by the then Department for Transport and Commerce in 1995, a plan was published for a network.
This political commitment is now only symbolic as some projects are now aimed at points beyond the original destinations or to miss them entirely.
Budgetary difficulties, changing traffic flows and alternative development projects using Regionalbahn trains have led to the cancellation or postponement of projects that had already been developed.
Katherine is also the closest major town to RAAF Base Tindal located 17 km southeast and provides education, health, local government services and employment opportunities for the families of Defence personnel stationed there.
In the , the base had a residential population of 857, with only around 20% of the workforce engaged in employment outside of defence, the majority commuting to work in Katherine.
Beginning as an outpost established with the Australian Overland Telegraph Line on the North-South transport route between Darwin and Adelaide, Katherine has grown with the development of transport and local industries including mining – particularly gold mining; a strategic military function with RAAF Base Tindal; also as a tourism gateway to the attractions of nearby Nitmiluk National Park, particularly Katherine Gorge and its many ancient rock paintings.
Today the Walpiri People from the Victoria River District and Tanami Desert areas now have a dedicated community based at Katherine East.
Explorer John McDouall Stuart passed through the area in 1862 on his successful third journey across the continent from north to south.
Katherine Telegraph Station was established on 22 August 1872 and the completion of the Overland Telegraph Line later in 1872, and the town began with a small permanent population on the west side of the Katherine River.
The original post office and the Overland Telegraph station were set just above Knott's Crossing and next to the Sportsman's Arms Hotel that had quarters for the station master at the Overland Telegraph station and a single room police station.
During World War II, the Australian Army set up two hospitals around Katherine, the 101st Australian General Hospital and 121st Australian General Hospital.
The Ghan passenger train service commenced on 4 February 2004 running several times a week and stopping on both the northbound and southbound journeys.
The April 2006 floods placed parts of the town under water (including about 50 houses), caused millions of dollars of damage, and resulted in the declaration of a state of emergency on 7 April.
Town residents were given warning that the river might flood on 5 April, and the town centre was underwater before noon the next day.
Dozens of homes were inundated with up to 2 m of water, with many residents having time to escape with little more than the clothes they were wearing.
Located at the junction of major tourism drives, Central Arnhem Road, the Savannah Way and the Explorers Way, Katherine is an important visitor gateway for the Northern Territory.
The flood resulted from the 300–400 mm of rainwater brought by Cyclone Les that caused the already full Katherine River to peak at 20.4 metres.
The flood covered an area of 1000 square kilometres, affected 1100 homes and cut off many roads in and out of Katherine.
Katherine is located 320 km south of Darwin, and is situated on the banks of the Katherine River, which is part of the Daly River system.
Katherine is at the crossroads of the Outback due to its location between the Darwin region, Kakadu National Park, the Barkley Region, the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
The township itself is set among relatively flat plains along the Katherine River within the Tindall / Oolloo Aquifers, dotted with rugged Karst limestone formations, caves and jagged outcrops.
Daily temperatures in the wet season typically range from 30 °C to 37 °C, reaching over 40 °C from late September to late November.
Very high humidity accompanies high temperatures during the build-up period to the wet season, when the region receives spectacular electrical storms.
The wet season monsoon period is a dramatic time of year, from large thunderstorms and heavy downpours to the transitions of lush greenery appearing from the parched deciduous landscapes of the dry season.
Humidity levels are much lower from June to August and hence this has become the most popular time for visitors who wish to explore the region.
Low elevation relative to surrounding areas, as well as the town's situation on the banks of a river, means that the area is prone to flooding.
Ex-Tropical Cyclone Les produced between 300 and 400 millimetres of rainfall during a 48-hour period, causing the Katherine River to rise to 21.3 metres and claim the lives of three people.
The Katherine Town Council (municipality) Zone extends from Flora River Junction in the West to Maranboy in the East and from the Fergusson River in the North to the Sturt Plateau in the South.
Wardaman country occupies areas to the west of Katherine, from Manbulloo (around Limestone Creek) to eastern parts of the Victoria River District.
Jawoyn country occupies areas to the east of Katherine from Lansdowne to the southern edge of Kakadu National Park, including Nitmiluk National Park, Barunga, Beswick and south-western Arnhem Land.
Dagoman country occupies areas to the south of Katherine, from Leach Lagoon, the Upper King River, the Dry River and across to the Warlock Ponds near Mataranka.
The Old Katherine Railway Station is another historic attraction that served Vestey's Meatworks during their operation in Darwin and was a major hub of transport during World War II.
Originally built as a recreation hut in 1943 for army officers during World War II, the structure serves as a good example of local construction practice, using local materials like Cypress pine and corrugated iron.
Tourist attractions include Nitmiluk National Park and Cutta Cutta Caves Nature Park, Kintore Caves Nature Park with its populations of endangered Cycads, Low Level Nature Park, Springvale Homestead and Katherine Hot Springs.
Along Riverbank Drive on the Katherine River, Katherine Hot Springs provide swimming, shaded picnic tables and barbecue facilities set amongst monsoon forest and tall paperpark trees and ghost gums, with an abundant array of birds and wildlife.
A paved pathway loops around and along the Katherine River and mountain bike trails weave on and off a paved pathway down to the river.
The low level Nature Reserve the hot springs and Nitmiluk National Park are regularly checked for crocodiles and are regarded reasonably safe for swimming during the dry season months.
The Flora River 90 minutes southwest of town also offers excellent barramundi fishing either by casting from the bank or by small boat.
At territory level, the electoral division of Katherine covers the town and its suburbs and elects one member to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.
Many Northern Territory Government departments have offices in Katherine with most of these housed in the Government Centre building in First Street, which allows the community to access services such as motor vehicle registration and public health clinics, family and community services and public housing.
There is also a courthouse located next door which regularly hears matters before the Northern Territory Magistrates Court within the chambers.
At federal level, the town, as with all parts of the Northern Territory outside Darwin, is located within the Division of Lingiari.
In 2003–04, the estimated total value of agriculture production from the Katherine Region was $75M: $52M from cattle, $16.5M from fruit and vegetables and $7M from hay and other field crops.
In support of the pastoral and agriculture industries, the Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries maintains the Katherine Research Station, employing up to 40 staff in laboratories, greenhouses, coolrooms and animal-handling facilities, with open lands for cropping and grazing activities.
The research conducted at the station assists local farmers to align land-management to climate and environment, and to address pests and diseases.
The town's principal retail facility, the Katherine Oasis Shopping Centre of is owned by Vicinity Centres and includes a Woolworths supermarket, a Target Country store and speciality stores.
In 2003 the line was replaced with standard gauge as part of extending the line to Alice Springs north to Darwin.
The current airport shares facilities with RAAF Base Tindal, replacing the original Katherine Airfield which operated from 1930 - 1978, which was notable as the base from which Dr Clyde Fenton established the Northern Territory Aerial Medical Service.
Katherine is at the crossroads of the Savannah Way that runs east-west from Cairns to Broome and the Explorer's Way that runs north-south from Darwin to Adelaide through Alice Springs.
Each year elderly people (termed 'Grey Nomads') from the colder parts of Australia pack caravans and head north to Katherine and other locations throughout the Northern Territory.
As a major regional centre, the town provides primary, secondary and tertiary education options, as well as facilitating students with special needs and disabilities.
There are four public primary schools located in the town catering to students in from transition to year 7: Katherine South Public School, Clyde Fenton School, Macfarlane Primary School and Casuarina Street School.
Due to the vast area and sparse population serviced by the Katherine Region, many students have to travel significant distances from their home to attend school.
Callistemon House located nearby, while independent of Katherine High School provides accommodation for up to 40 high school students from remote areas so they may attend classes regularly at the school.
Saint Joseph's Catholic College provides an alternative to the public schools in Katherine, catering for students from pre-school to year 10.
The school currently has plans to expand into senior secondary education, offering year 11 studies in 2013 and year 12 studies in 2014.
The Rural College is located on the Stuart Highway north of Katherine on the Stuart Highway and provides residential accommodation for students studying vocational courses or undertaking apprenticeships and traineeships in agriculture and rural production.
The town offices are located within the CBD and offer vocational courses in other disciplines including studies of business, computing, childcare and community services.
Katherine School of the Air was established in 1966 to provide distance education to students in remote locations and isolated communities.
The school originally conducted classes via HF radio broadcasts, however with the advent of technologies such as satellite communications and the internet this system is no longer used.
Katherine District Hospital is located in the town and provides emergency medical and surgical facilities as well as maternity, radiography and renal dialysis units and specialist services.
Springs, canoeing in Nitmiluk Gorge on the Katherine River, hunting, bushwalking, caving, camping and fishing on the Victoria, Daly, Roper or Katherine Rivers are all popular leisure activities.
Although attempts are made to safely relocate saltwater crocodiles from areas of the river popular to tourists, these crocodiles do inhabit most of these river systems.
There are two clubs in the town: The Katherine Club (Returned and Services League of Australia sub-branch), located in the Central Business District and Katherine Country Club in Katherine South.
A large facility owned by the YMCA, the Henry Scott Recreation Centre is located at the Katherine Sports Ground Complex and contains a roller skating rink and gymnasium and hosts regular recreational activities aimed at youth in the town such as dance classes.
In addition, the YMCA hosts other activities such as Aqua Aerobics classes at the Katherine Aquatic Centre located adjacent to the Recreation Centre.
The Katherine Sports Ground Complex, run by Katherine Town Council, is the main sporting facility and houses the Katherine Aquatic Centre including an olympic swimming pool, tennis club, four ovals (one with a pitch used for cricket and Australian rules football),a BMX track, a basketball court and rugby league and soccer fields.
Further sporting amenities are provided at the Katherine Showgrounds: a Rodeo arena, a polocrosse playing field, an oval with grandstand facilities often used for football matches as well as the Jim Jackson Racecourse, home of the Katherine Turf Club, and the annual Katherine Cup race meeting, which draws competitors and punters from across the Northern Territory.
It was the first polar icebreaker in the world, having a strengthened hull shaped to ride over and crush pack ice.
She arrived in Kronstadt on 4 March 1899 after breaking through ice and a formal reception was held to mark her arrival.
During World War I she assisted the Baltic Fleet during the Ice cruise when the fleet was evacuated from Helsinki to Kronstadt in February 1918.
This alphabetically arranged list of air forces identifies the current and historical names and roundels for the military aviation arms of countries fielding an air component, whether an independent air force, a naval air arm, or army aviation unit.
The Jewish Legion (1917–1921) is an unofficial name used to refer to five battalions of Jewish volunteers, the 38th to 42nd (Service) Battalions of the Royal Fusiliers, raised in the British Army to fight against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.
In February 1915, a small committee in Alexandria approved a plan of Zeev Jabotinsky and Joseph Trumpeldor to form a military unit from Russian Jewish émigrés from Palestine that would participate in the British effort to seize Palestine from the Ottoman Empire.
The General said he was unable, under the Army Act, to enlist foreign nationals as fighting troops, but that he could form them into a volunteer transport Mule Corps.
Jabotinsky rejected the idea and left for Europe to seek other support for a Jewish unit, but Trumpeldor accepted it and began recruiting volunteers from among the Jews in Egypt who had been deported there by the Ottomans in the previous year.
The need on the Gallipoli peninsula for means to carry water to the troops was considered so urgent that in mid-April, a request was forwarded to Egypt for the Zion Mule Corps to be sent immediately, regardless of its lack of equipment.
The Zion Mule Corps landed at Cape Helles from four weeks after being raised, having been stranded at Mudros when its ship ran aground.
The corps was embarked in the same ship as the Indian 9th Mule Corps bound for Gaba Tepe and so a detour to Helles was ordered.
The Zion Mule Corps was disembarked under artillery fire from the Asiatic shore, with help of volunteers from the 9th Mule Corps and began carrying supplies forward immediately.
A Distinguished Conduct Medal was awarded to Private M. Groushkowsky, who, near Krithia on 5 May, prevented his mules from stampeding under heavy bombardment and despite being wounded in both arms, delivered the ammunition.
Between the dissolution of the Zion Mule Corps and the formation of the Jewish Legion, Jabotinsky and Trumpeldor and 120 Zion Mule Corps veterans served together in 16 Platoon of the 20th Battalion, London Regiment.
The unit was designated as the 38th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers and included British volunteers, as well as members of the former Zion Mule Corps and a large number of Russian Jews.
In April 1918, it was joined by the 39th Battalion, raised at Fort Edward, Nova Scotia, which was made up almost entirely of Jews who were resident in the United States and Canada.
The soldiers of the 38th, 39th and later the 40th Battalions of the Royal Fusiliers served in the Jordan Valley and fought the Ottomans north of Jerusalem.
In the fighting in the Jordan Valley, more than twenty Legionnaires were killed, wounded, or captured, the rest came down with malaria, and thirty of this group later died.
Besides various skirmishes, the Legion also participated in the Battle of Megiddo in mid-September 1918, widely considered to have been one of the final and decisive victories of the Ottoman front.
Almost all the members of the Jewish regiments were discharged immediately after the end of World War I in November 1918.
Some of them returned to their respective countries, others settled in Palestine to realize their Zionist aspirations – among them the future first Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion.
Former members of the Legion took part in the defence of Jewish communities during the Riots in Palestine of 1920, which resulted in Jabotinsky's arrest.
Yam O () is a bay located on the northeast shore of Lantau Island, in the New Territories of Hong Kong.
Today, Yam O is known for its interchange for the Disneyland Resort Line via the nearby Sunny Bay MTR station, built on reclaimed land near Yam O.
Sunny Bay () is a recent incarnation by the Hong Kong Government, which emerged after the plans to build Hong Kong Disneyland Resort on nearby Penny's Bay.
Natural childbirth attempts to minimize medical intervention, particularly the use of anesthetic medications and surgical interventions such as episiotomies, forceps and ventouse deliveries and caesarean sections.
In the United States circa 1900, before the introduction and improvement of modern medical technologies, there were about 700 maternal deaths per 100,000 births (.7%).
At the onset of the Industrial Revolution, giving birth at home became more difficult due to congested living spaces and dirty living conditions.
This drove urban and lower class women to newly available hospitals, while wealthy and middle-class women continued to labor at home.
In the early 1900s there was an increasing availability of hospitals, and more women began going into the hospital for labor and delivery.
In the United States, the middle classes were especially receptive to the medicalization of childbirth, which promised a safer and less painful labor.
The use of childbirth drugs began in 1847 when Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson introduced chloroform as an anesthetic during labor, but only the most rich and powerful women (such as Queen Victoria) had access.
In the late 1800s, feminists in the United States and United Kingdom began to demand drugs for pain relief during childbirth.
However, well into the first decades of the 20th century, unmedicated birth assisted by midwives was still commonplace in rural areas and some urban centers as well.
In the book, Dick-Read defined the term as the absence of any intervention that would otherwise disturb the sequence of labor.
The appeal of natural childbirth rested in the idea that merging physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of reproduction would create the best comprehensive care.
In the 1970s, natural childbirth became a movement associated with feminism and consumerism, stressing obstetrics' lack of concern for the whole person and technology a method for controlling women's bodies.
Michel Odent and midwives such as Ina May Gaskin promoted birthing centers, water birth, and homebirth as alternatives to the hospital model.
Frédérick Leboyer is often mistakenly believed to have advocated for water births, but he actually rejected the alternative as he felt it was not beneficial to the health of the baby.
Many women consider natural birth empowering and gives women more control in the birth process, pushing against the paternalistic medical establishment.
Studies show that skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn immediately after birth is beneficial for both mother and baby.
A review done by the World Health Organization found that skin-to-skin contact between mothers and babies after birth reduces crying, improves mother-infant interaction, and helps mothers to breastfeed successfully.
They recommend that neonates be allowed to bond with the mother during their first two hours after birth, the period that they tend to be more alert than in the following hours of early life.
These techniques include hydrotherapy, massage, relaxation therapy, hypnosis, breathing exercises, acupressure for labor, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), vocalization, visualization, mindfulness and water birth.
Other approaches include movement, walking, and different positions (for example, using a birthing ball), hot and cold therapy (for example, using hot compresses and/or cold packs), and receiving one-on-one labor support like that provided by a midwife or doula.
However, natural childbirth proponents maintain that pain is a natural and necessary part of the labor process, and should not automatically be regarded as entirely negative.
In contrast to the pain of injury and disease, they believe that the pain of childbirth is a sign that the female body is functioning as it is meant to.
Birth positions favored in natural childbirth—including squatting, hands and knees, or suspension in water—contrast with the lithotomy position (woman in hospital bed on her back with legs in stirrups), which has consistently been shown to slow and complicate labor.
Methods to reduce tearing during natural childbirth (instead of an episiotomy) include managing the perineum with counter-pressure, hot compresses, and pushing the baby out slowly.
King's Bounty is a turn-based fantasy video game designed by Jon Van Caneghem and published by New World Computing in 1990.
The game follows the player's character, a hero of King Maximus, appointed with the job of retrieving the Sceptre of Order from the forces of chaos, led by Arech Dragonbreath.
A Sega Genesis port was developed and released in North America on February 21, 1991, with a multitude of graphical changes.
The player leads the hero and his army across the four continents, acquiring up to 25 pieces of a map revealing the hidden location to the Sceptre of Order before King Maximus dies.
For instance, not all the scattered map sections are required; if the player is able to correctly determine the location of the sceptre's burial spot before acquiring all 25 map pieces, the game is won.
If the sceptre is not recovered before King Maximus dies (the time varies depending on difficulty setting), the game ends in defeat.
The location of the sceptre, the artifacts and which castles the villains inhabit are all randomized each game, adding to its replayability.
Some of these chests represent various events that increase the hero's inherent abilities, such as magical strength or weekly income; others may contain one of eight artifacts, which themselves provide a piece of the map, in addition to conferring their own unique powers.
As the player explores, he encounters various types of creatures native to the different continents, some of which are able to be recruited.
Most of these creatures are significant upgrades from the normal human forces available to the player at the King's castle, and are required to defeat the tougher villain armies.
Although the player's commission can be raised in a variety of ways, such as maintaining a garrison of forces at a captured castle, if his costs exceed his income for too long, and he runs out of money, his army will abandon him.
Adventuring spells allow movement to Towns, Castles, create bridges, increase leadership (Raise Control), stop time for some number of moves, finds the villain at a castle, or creates an army stack if the player has a space (Instant Army).
During combat, the player can cast one spell per turn that cause damage via lightning, fireball, or turn undead, can resurrect dead troops, teleport a friendly or enemy unit to an open position, freeze an enemy unit so it cannot move, or increase an existing troop through cloning (Clone).
This makes the game arguably more difficult, as a careful player of the DOS version could often maneuver past several wandering armies at a time without being successfully engaged.
Although it has become harsher, it is somewhat balanced by the fact that trekking across desert squares no longer takes 1 day, and changing continents no longer ends the week.
As a minor change, wandering armies are now displayed according to their most powerful stack, as opposed to the generic stacks of the DOS version that corresponded to the current continent.
Free unofficial version of original game (with original graphics and expanded storyline) was published in 2015 by Russian programmer Sergei Markoff (Russian: Сергей Марков), also known as the author of free SmarThink chess engine.
The game includes a lot of easter eggs, science jokes and various additional objects like Titan of Braavos and so on.
However, other features differ, the villains' names are different and three designers, not including Van Caneghem, are credited for the creation of the game.
However, the cover of both the computer game and the boardgame versions are the same, implying some connection between the two.
During the brief period that TFG was owned by New World Computing, the two companies attempted the first ever simultaneous release of a board game and computer game.
The two versions of King's Bounty wound up releasing about 9 months apart, and after NWC had sold TFG to former Games Workshop Vice-President John Olsen.
Future versions of New World Computing's version of King's Bounty were called Heroes of Might & Magic to avoid confusion between the two very different games that had been designed by different designers.
TFG never wound up releasing a second version of the King's Bounty board game, the old hobbyist game industry would collapse later this year and the retail distribution chain converted to novelty stores that sold whoopie cushions and Levatrons instead of games.
Retroactively, the game was reviewed by Sega-16.com, who - in consideration of its influence on the Heroes of Might and Magic series - gave it a perfect 10.0 score.
Bycanistes is a genus of medium to large, primarily frugivorous hornbills (family Bucerotidae) found in the forests and woodlands of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ryder was married with six children, and lived with his family, but also maintained a relationship with Greer, with whom he already had a daughter, Rosemary.
In 1955, while studying journalism in London, Courtenay met his future wife, Benita Solomon, and they emigrated to Sydney in 1958.
Courtenay entered the advertising industry and, over a career spanning 34 years, was the Creative Director of McCann Erickson, J. Walter Thompson and George Patterson Advertising.
Along with Geoff Pike, Bryce Courtenay developed the concept behind the Cadbury Yowie, a chocolate that contained a children's toy, typically an Australian or New Zealand native animal.
On 1 April 1991, Damon (who was born with the blood condition haemophilia) died at age 24 from AIDS-related complications, contracted through a blood transfusion.
Benita Courtenay died on 11 March 2007, at the age of 72, four months after being diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia.
He built up this success over the long term by promoting himself and developing a relationship with readers as much as marketing his books; for instance, he gave away up to 2,500 books free each year to readers he met in the street.
The Tung Chung line is one of the eleven rapid transit lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong, linking Tung Chung with Hong Kong Island.
A part of the Tung Chung line was built along with the Kap Shui Mun Bridge and the Tsing Ma Bridge.
In October 1989, the Hong Kong government announced plans to build a new airport on the remote island of Chek Lap Kok to replace the overcrowded Kai Tak International Airport at the heart of Kowloon.
As part of the initiative, the government invited the MTR Corporation to build a rail link to the new airport dubbed the Lantau Airport Railway.
The project initially saw opposition from the Chinese government as it feared the construction would drain the monetary reserve of the Hong Kong government and leave the Chinese with nothing after the British handed the territory over in 1997.
On 21 June 1998, the Tung Chung line was officially opened by Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa, and service commenced the next day.
On 16 December 2003, an open house for charity took place at the recently completed Nam Cheong station, an interchange between the Tung Chung line and soon to be opened West Rail line.
The station then closed on 19 December 2003 in preparation for the opening of the new West Rail Line, and it was officially opened to public on 20 December 2003.
Modifications were added to the platforms to accommodate the new trains, which are a few millimetres wider than the original rolling stock.
Unlike most other railway lines in the system, the Tung Chung Line travels mostly above ground and spans a greater distance.
The line travels underground from Hong Kong station to Kowloon station across the harbour; then surfaces to the ground to reach Olympic station.
Trains continue to travel above ground along the West Kowloon Expressway and stops at Nam Cheong station, then stops at Lai King station on a viaduct.
Trains then enter a tunnel through the hills of the island and continues of on the Tsing Ma Bridge and the Kap Shui Mun Bridge into Lantau Island.
Some outbound trains do not continue to Lantau but terminate at Tsing Yi station due to the capacity constraint of the Tsing Ma Bridge, in which it only allows one train to pass at all times.
When the then colonial government announced its plans to build the airport rail link, the Chinese government raised concerns of the significant capital outgoings.
According to the Rail Projects Under Planning 2000 released by Hong Kong Highways Department, three new stations, Tamar, Exhibition Centre and Causeway Bay North, will form part of the extension.
However 14 years later on the Railway Development Strategy 2014 Tamar station would become the terminus for both the Tseung Kwan O line and Tung Chung line while Exhibition and Causeway Bay North stations would be served by the Tseung Kwan O line.
Residents of Yat Tung Estate have appealed to the government to extend the Tung Chung line to Tung Chung West station near Yat Tung to ease their transportation problems.
They claimed that when they moved in 11 years ago, the Housing Bureau's documents indicated a MTR station at the estate.
However, it is accepted that the underlying reason for the tax was to inflict financial ruin on the minority non-Muslim citizens of the country, terminate their prominence in the country's economy and move the assets of non-Muslims into the hands of the Muslim bourgeoisie.
It can be defined as the last application to date of the jizya (cizye) tax on non-Muslims in Turkish history, and the only such application after the establishment of the constitutionally secular Turkish Republic in 1923; breaching the articles regarding secularism and citizen equality in the Turkish Constitution.
The bill for the one-off tax was proposed by the Şükrü Saracoğlu government, and the act was adopted by the Turkish parliament on November 11, 1942.
It was imposed on the fixed assets, such as landed estates, building owners, real estate brokers, businesses, and industrial enterprises of all citizens, but especially targeted the minorities.
Those who suffered most severely were non-Muslims like the Jews, Greeks, Armenians, and Levantines, who controlled a large portion of the economy, though it was the Armenians who were most heavily taxed.
The tax was supposed to be paid by all citizens of Turkey, but inordinately higher rates were imposed on the country's non-Muslim inhabitants, in an arbitrary and predatory way.
These taxes led to the destruction of the remaining non-Muslim merchant class in Turkey, the lives and finances of many non-Muslim families were ruined.
In addition, the law was also applied to the many poor non-Muslims such as drivers, workers and even beggars, whereas their Muslim counterparts were not obliged to pay any tax.
Officially, the tax was devised to fill the state treasury that would have been needed had Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union invaded the country.
However, the main reason for the tax was to nationalize the Turkish economy by reducing minority populations' influence and control over the country's trade, finance, and industries.
Many people who could not pay the taxes borrowed money from relatives and friends, also sold their properties at public auctions or sold their businesses to gather some money to pay.
Because of the hard plowing work elder obligors conspired with young villagers from Aşkale to make them work instead and they paid villagers daily wages in return.
Although the law stipulated that people over fifty-five years old were exempt from labor service, elderly men, even sick people were sent there.
Twenty-one of the people who were sent to the labor camps died there and the Turkish government usurped their wealth and sold it to Turkish Muslims at extremely low prices, paving the way to the creation of some of the contemporary Turkish conglomerates.
The state also confiscated the property of the taxed person's close relatives (including parents, parents-in-law, children, and siblings) and sold it to settle the tax amount, even if the person had been forced into labor service.
Foreign-passport residents in Turkey who gave in a tax return or owned a business were forced to pay a huge capital levy on supposed wealth too.
Companies increased the prices of their products sharply to recoup their losses, creating a spiral of inflation that ruined low-income consumers.
However, according to official information, the Turkish government collected 324 million liras (at a time when 1 US dollar was equivalent to 1.20 Turkish lira) through the confiscation of non-Muslim assets.
After the abolition of the law, the minority citizens who were at the labour camps were sent back to their homes.
The opposition Democratic Party (DP) capitalized on its unpopularity in the general election of 1950, which was the first democratic general election in the Turkish Republic, thereby achieving a landslide victory against the Republican People's Party (CHP).
Many people of the minorities, especially the Greek minority, felt that there was no future for them in Turkey and they left their ancestral homes and became refugees in Greece.
On the other hand, some, especially from the Jewish community had managed to secrete assets abroad and they were able to restart a reduced and hesitant life in Turkey.
In addition, the Varlık Vergisi once more demonstrated that being Muslim constituted a significant part of the definition of citizenship in Turkey.
The Varlık Vergisi in the way it was dealt with by the Turkish Press exemplifies the close relations between the Executive and the Press, in Turkey.
Years after the introduction of the Varlık Vergisi, the political elite of Turkey had difficulties coming to terms with the subject.
There are usually between three and twelve leaves arranged in two ranks on each pseudobulb or shoot and lasting for several years.
From one to a large number of flowers are arranged on an unbranched flowering stem arising from the base of the pseudobulb.
There are about fifty-five species and sixteen further natural hybrids occurring in the wild from tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia.
The flowers are arranged on an unbranched flowering stem which arises from the base of the pseudobulb or rarely from a leaf axil.
This genus is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia (such as northern India, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Borneo) and Australia.
Asian Cymbidiums or Chinese Cymbidiums refer to mainly five species of cymbidiums orchids that are found throughout East Asia in areas of China, Korea, Japan, India, and in parts of Thailand and Vietnam.
Orange is the birthplace of poets Banjo Paterson and Kenneth Slessor, although Paterson lived in Orange for only a short time as an infant.
The first Australian Touring Car Championship, known today as V8 Supercar Championship Series, was held at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit in 1960.
Sir Thomas Mitchell named the parish Orange, as he had been an associate of the Prince of Orange in the Peninsular War, when both were aides-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, whose title was bestowed on the valley to the west by Oxley.
Initial occupation by British graziers began in late 1829, and tiny settlements eventually turned into larger towns as properties came into connection with the road.
In 1844, the surveyor Davidson was sent to check on encroachments onto the land reserved for a village, and to advise on the location for a township.
Blackman's Swamp was chosen, and it was proclaimed a village and named Orange by Major Thomas Mitchell in 1846 in honour of Prince William of Orange.
At nearby Ophir, a significant gold find in Australia was made in 1851, resulting in a sporadic population movement which is known as the Australian gold rush.
The growth of Orange continued as the conditions were well suited for agriculture, and in 1860 it was proclaimed a municipality.
The city is relatively wet for an inland location owing to orographic effects from Mount Canobolas, especially during the cooler months when snow falls; Orange is amongst the few cities in Australia to receive regular snowfall, and is likewise the snowiest city in Australia (not counting smaller towns such as Oberon).
Compared with most population centres in Australia it has colder winters, especially in terms of its daytime maximum temperatures, owing chiefly to its south-westerly exposure.
In summer, the average (and absolute) maximum temperatures are also lower than in most inland centres, on account of its elevation.
Having 99.8 clear days annually, it is still cloudier than the coastal areas of Sydney and Wollongong (104 and 107 clear days, respectively), with a marked lack of sunshine in winter compared to summer The climate has enabled the area to be a major apple and pear producer, and more recently a centre for cool-weather wine production.
Orange is a well-known fruit growing district, and produces apples, pears, and many stone fruits such as cherries, peaches, apricots, and plums; oranges are not grown in the area, since its climate is too cool.
The growth of this wine industry, coupled with the further development of Orange as a gourmet food capital, has ensured Orange's status as a prominent tourism destination.
Orange is also the location of the headquarters of the New South Wales Department of Industry (Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development, the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries).
Cadia-Ridgeway Mine is a large open cut gold and copper mine located about 20 kilometres south of Orange, the mine has been developed throughout the 1990s employing several thousand employees with an expected lifespan of several decades.
Large mineral deposits are also being uncovered from the more recently developed Ridgeway underground mine which is adjacent to the Cadia Mine.
The company also owns and operates the Gosowong Mine in Indonesia and the Lihir mine in Papua New Guinea (both gold mines) amongst others .
The Orange wine region is defined as the area above 600m in the local government areas of Orange, Cabonne and Blayney and can be usefully described as a circle around Orange.
The climate perhaps plays the biggest part in giving Orange some distinct natural advantages – the cool temperatures during most of the growing season coupled with dry autumn conditions are ideal for grape growing.
Wineries that use Orange region grapes in their wines include Brokenwood Wines (Hunter Valley based), Logan (Mudgee), Tamburlaine (Hunter Valley), Gartelmann (Hunter Valley), Windowrie (Central Ranges), Eloquesta Wines (Mudgee) and Lowe Wines (Mudgee).
Orange is served by several radio stations, including 105.1 2GZFM, 105.9 Star FM, FM107.5 Orange Community Radio, 103.5 Rhema FM, HIT Country 88 FM and 2EL 1089AM – a commercial station that gets most of its programming from 2SM in Sydney.
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) also broadcasts from four radio stations in Orange including ABC Local Radio (2CR) on 549AM and three national networks – ABC Classic FM on 102.7 FM, ABC Radio National on 104.3 FM, and Triple J on 101.9 FM.
The city receives five network television stations – Prime7 (a Seven Network affiliate), WIN TV (a Ten Network affiliate), Southern Cross Nine (a Nine Network affiliate), ABC TV and SBS One.
Of the three commercial networks, Prime7, WIN and Nine produce local news bulletins on weeknights at 6pm, all produced locally and broadcast from studios outside the region (Canberra, Wollongong respectively).
Nine is the newest of the three local news stations, launched on February 20, 2017 in conjunction with its affiliate partner, the Nine Network, broadcasts a dedicated Nine News Central West bulletin to Orange, Dubbo, Bathurst and the entire Central West region of NSW.
Two other dams, Lake Canobolas and Gosling Creek Reservoir, were previously used for domestic water consumption; however, they are now used for recreational purposes.
The hardware is in place, operating rules have been developed and environmental factors and impacts on downstream users have been considered.
A three-month trial will ensure all these elements are working together to ensure high water quality and environmental standards are met.
The hardware, which includes three separate pumping stations, creek flow monitoring points and advanced electronics including fibre optic cables, will undergo further operating tests.
The other elements of the scheme include a weir on Blackmans Swamp Creek, which creates a 3 megalitre pool and the site for the first pump station, a 200 megalitre dam and two 17 megalitre batching ponds.
The pumps on the creek transfer stormwater to the 200 megalitre dam at a rate of up to 450 litres per second and are designed to rapidly extract peak storm flows from the creek.
Orange is situated on the Mitchell Highway, linking the city to Molong, Wellington, Dubbo and Bourke to the north west, and to Bathurst to the east and from there to Sydney via the Great Western Highway ().
Due west are Parkes () and Forbes (), which is midway along the Newell Highway, running from Brisbane, Queensland to Melbourne, Victoria.
NSW TrainLink operate several coach services with connecting train services from Lithgow to Sydney, as well as a less frequent coach service to Cootamundra for connection to Melbourne.
Orange is also serviced by a regional-class airport, Orange Airport, located approximately 15 km to the south of the city, in an area known as Huntley.
There are bush walking trails in Orange including; Spring Glade Walking Track, Cook Park Heritage Walk, Summits Walking Tracks, Nangar National Park and Mullion Range State Conservation Area.
Duntryleague Golf Club and Clubhouse, Mount Canobolas and Federal Falls in the Mount Canobolas State Conservation Area, Lake Canobolas, Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit, the historic centre of Orange and the Orange Botanic Gardens are also near the town.
The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations.
It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament.
The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not support the government.
The appointment was not at the president's personal discretion, however, as he was required by the Constitution to appoint the person most acceptable to the majority of the Opposition (defined as members of the House of Representatives who belong to political parties not represented in the Cabinet).
In practice, the person most eligible could decline the office, as was the case between 2001 and 2004, when Mahendra Chaudhry, whose Labour Party held 28 of the 30 Opposition seats in the House of Representatives, adamantly refused to accept the position of Leader of the Opposition, insisting that he and his party wanted representation in the Cabinet instead.
Until he reversed his position late in 2004 (following the collapse of negotiations with Prime Minister Qarase), this forced the President to appoint Mick Beddoes, the sole parliamentary representative of the United General Party, as Leader of the Opposition.
Under the 1997 Constitution, the Leader of the Opposition chose 8 of the 32 members of the Senate, Fiji's upper house of Parliament, and had the right to be consulted about the appointment of the Chief Justice.
First elected to the Legislative Assembly in a by-election in 1882 in the riding of Laval, he served as leader of the Opposition from 1905 to 1908, when he lost the 1908 election and his own seat.
Served as the 11th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from February 12, 1915, until his death in Spencer Wood, Sillery, in 1918.
Boorowa is a farming village in the Hilltops Region and is located in South West Slopes of New South Wales, Australia.
It is believed that the name 'Burrowa', the original spelling, derives from the local Aboriginal language and refers to a native bird the plains turkey Australian bustard.
Unofficial occupation of the district began in 1821 with Irishmen Rodger Corcoran and Ned Ryan, both former convicts who had received their 'ticket of leave' from the Governor.
Governor Gipps proposed the creation of a village named 'Burrowa' in 1842, to be located 9 km north-east of the present site at Kings Plains which had been surveyed in 1828.
The early years in the district saw lawlessness and mayhem as a result of long running boundary disputes, theft of livestock and arson, even murders; the cause being remoteness and lack of law and order.
Squatters took up large tracts of land in the Boorowa area but the introduction of the Robertson Land Acts in 1861 resulted in a new land grab where large numbers of settlers, particularly 'ticket of leave' men, applied for a 'selection' of land with low cost land parcels available.
The district was given over to farming, although it received a push along when gold was found at Carcoar, Browns Creek and Kings Plains.
Boorowa residents and the local member of parliament lobbied the Government to direct the new southern main line progressing towards Goulburn to pass through the town but the towns of Yass and Murrumburrah won the debate.
The next best option was a branch line to the town and this lobbying lasted 40 years before the line was eventually constructed, opening for traffic on 10 October 1914.
The main infrastructure achievements over the 180 years that connected Boorowa to the rest of the Colony included the first Post Office and mail service in 1835, the electric telegraph in 1866, voice telephone in 1906, electric street lighting in the 1920s by the towns own generator, later the town and consumers were connected to the Burrinjuck Hydro electricity system in 1938.
The soil in the area is rich volcanic soil washed down over millennia from an extinct volcano known as Mount Canemumbola.
The French National Museum of Natural History, known in French as the (MNHN; ), is the natural history museum of France and a ' of Sorbonne Universities.
It was established in 1635 by King Louis XIII as the royal garden of medicinal plants, and in 1793, after the Revolution, it was reorganized in its present form and under its present title.
As of 2017, the museum has 14 sites throughout France, including the original location at the ', which remains one of the seven departments of MNHN.
Its origins lie, however, in the ' (royal garden of medicinal plants) created by King Louis XIII in 1635, which was directed and run by the royal physicians.
The royal proclamation of the boy-king Louis XV on 31 March 1718, however, removed the purely medical function, enabling the garden—which became known simply as the ' (King's garden)—to focus on natural history.
For much of the 18th century (1739–1788), the garden was under the direction of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, one of the leading naturalists of the Enlightenment, bringing international fame and prestige to the establishment.
The royal institution remarkably survived the French Revolution by being reorganized in 1793 as a republican ' with twelve professorships of equal rank.
Some of its early professors included eminent comparative anatomist Georges Cuvier and evolutionary pioneers Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.
It continued to flourish during the 19th century, and, particularly under the direction of chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul, became a rival to the University of Paris in scientific research.
For example, during the period that Henri Becquerel held the chair for Applied Physics at the ' (1892–1908) he discovered the radiation properties of uranium.
After receiving financial autonomy in 1907, it began a new phase of growth, opening facilities throughout France during the interwar years.
In the 19th century Argentine naturalist Francisco Javier Muñiz developed a collection that he intended to be used to create a natural history museum.
The artifacts were sent (donated or possibly donated by force) to Juan Manuel de Rosas, the dictator of the Argentine Federation, whose support was required to establish a museum.
Rosas, in an attempt to build alliances overseas, sent collected fossils to Jean Henri Dupotet, Rear Admiral of the French Navy.
In France, the Muñiz collection ended up in the National Museum of Natural History where they were studied by Paul Gervais.
When Fusée Aublet died at Paris in 1778, he left his herbarium to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, though the latter possessed it for only two months before he too died.
During the French Revolution the Museum expanded its collection substantially by claiming objects from the cabinets of the aristocracy and from other institutions, such as the Royal Academy of Sciences and the École Royale Vétérinaire d'Alfort.
The museum comprises fourteen sites throughout France with four in Paris, including the original location at the ' in the 5th arrondissement (métro Place Monge).
The galleries open to the public are the Gallery of Mineralogy and Geology, the Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy, the Gallery of Botany, and the famous Gallery of Evolution (').
It starts with the famous fossils from the Paleozoic Era from 540 to 250 million years ago, such as the gigantic Dunkleosteus.
The Mesozoic Era, 250 to 65 million years ago, marks the golden age of the dinosaurs such as the Diplodocus, Iguanodon, Carnotaurus, Triceratops.
The historical collections incorporated into the herbarium, each with its P prefix, include those of Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (P-LA) René Louiche Desfontaines (P-Desf.
The bryophyte collection contains 900,000 specimens collected by notable bryologists including Sébastien Vaillant, Jean-Baptiste Mougeot, Camille Montagne, Wilhelm Philippe Schimper, Émile Bescherelle, Irénée Thériot, and Pierre Allorge.
Over the ensuing years the number of Chairs and their subject areas evolved, some being subdivided into two positions and others removed.
Early chaired positions were held by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, René Desfontaines and Georges Cuvier, and later occupied by Paul Rivet, Léon Vaillant and others.
The story opens with a 136-million-year-old pterodactyl egg hatching, and a live pterodactyl escaping through the gallery glass roof, wreaking havoc and killing people in Paris (the Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy returned the favor by placing a life size cardboard cutout of Adèle and the hatching pterodactyl in a glass cabinet outside the main entrance on the top floor balcony).
The Friends have assisted the museum with many purchases for its collections over the years, as well as funds for scientific and structural development.
Goulburn is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of the Australian state of New South Wales, approximately south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Canberra.
Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, a service centre for the surrounding pastoral industry, and also stopover for those travelling on the Hume Highway.
Goulburn was named by surveyor James Meehan after Henry Goulburn, Under-Secretary for War and the Colonies, and the name was ratified by Governor Lachlan Macquarie.
The Mulwaree People are the original people of the land they belonged to the Ngunawal and Gandangara language groups, a Murring/Wiradjuri word indicating a special Indigenous cultural area.
The colonial government made land grants to free settlers such as Hamilton Hume in the Goulburn area from the opening of the area to settlement in about 1820.
The process displaced the local indigenous Mulwaree population and the introduction of exotic livestock drove out a large part of the Aboriginal peoples' food supply.
This was due to Gundungurra people of the Blue Mountains being driven south from their traditional land due to Governor Macquarie's parties sent to massacre the Dharawal and Gundungurra People.
In the 1930s the local billabong dried up and the Aboriginal people moved away although some have, over time, made their way back to their traditional lands.
The first recorded settler in Goulburn established 'Strathallan' in 1825 (on the site of the present Police Academy) and a town was originally surveyed in 1828, although moved to the present site of the city in 1833 when the surveyor Robert Hoddle laid it out.
George Johnson purchased the first land in the area between 1839 and 1842 and became a central figure in the town's development.
It had a courthouse, police barracks, churches, hospital and post office and was the centre of a great sheep and farming area.
A telegraph station opened in 1862, by which time there were about 1,500 residents, a blacksmith's shop, two hotels, two stores, the telegraph office and a few cottages.
The first, unofficial, proclamation was claimed by virtue of Royal Letters Patent issued by Queen Victoria on 14 March 1863 to establish the Diocese of Goulburn.
This was the last instance in which Letters Patent were used in this manner in the British Empire, as they had been significantly discredited for use in the colonies, and were soon to be declared formally invalid and unenforceable in this context.
Several legal cases over the preceding decade in particular had already established that the monarch had no ecclesiastical jurisdiction in colonies possessing responsible government.
The Letters Patent held authority only over those who submitted to it voluntarily, and then only within the context of the Church—it had no legal civil authority or implications.
An absolute and retrospective declaration to this effect was made in 1865 in the Colenso Case, by the Judiciary Committee of the Privy Council.
This often unrecognised controversy has in no way hindered the development of Goulburn as a regional centre, with an impressive court house (completed in 1887) and other public buildings, as a centre for wool selling, and as an industrial town.
The arrival of the railway in 1869, which was opened on 27 May by the Governor Lord Belmore (an event commemorated by Belmore Park in the centre of the city), along with the completion of the line from Sydney to Albury in 1883, was a boon to the city.
Later branchlines were constructed to Cooma (opened in 1889) and later extended further to Nimmitabel and then to Bombala, and to Crookwell and Taralga.
Goulburn became a major railway centre with a roundhouse and engine servicing facilities and a factory which made pre-fabricated concrete components for signal boxes and station buildings.
St Saviour's Cathedral, designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket, was completed in 1884 with the tower being added in 1988 to commemorate the Bicentenary of Australia.
This brick arch railway viaduct spanning the Mulwaree Ponds is the longest on the Main Southern railway line and consists of 13 arches each spanning .
An education strike was called in response to a demand for installation of three extra toilets at a local Catholic primary school, St Brigid's.
Goulburn is located a small distance east of the peak ridge of the Great Dividing Range and is above sea level.
It is intersected by the Wollondilly River and the Mulwaree River, and the confluence of these two rivers is also located here.
With a history of water shortages, an underground water supply pipeline was constructed to pump water from the Wingecarribee Reservoir in the Southern Highlands to Goulburn.
As a major settlement of southern New South Wales, Goulburn was the administrative centre for the region and was the location for important buildings of the district.
The first town plan had been drawn up by Assistant Surveyor Dixon in 1828, but the site was moved, as it was subject to flooding.
These included the Goulburn Gaol that opened 1884; the current court house that opened in 1887; and a post office in 1881.
A tower was added in 1988 as part of a Bicentennial project but Blacket's plans included a spire which is yet to be added.
Manfred was a prominent local architect responsible for many of the buildings in the city, including the first public swimming baths opened in 1892; the old Town Hall constructed in 1888; the Goulburn Base Hospital designed in 1886; the old Fire Station built in 1890; the Masonic Temple built in 1928; he also designed the earlier building of 1890 it replaced.
The Academy has relocated to the former campus of the Goulburn College of Advanced Education located on the banks of the Wollondilly River.
Since its relocation there has been significant expansion of the facilities including a new site on the Taralga Road which houses the New South Wales Police School of Traffic and Mobile Policing.
It is a maximum-security male prison, the highest-security prison in Australia and is home to some of the most dangerous, and infamous, prisoners.
After closure it became the Goulburn Rail Heritage Centre, a railway museum with preserved steam and diesel locomotives as well as many interesting examples of rolling stock.
Some minor rail operators such as RailPower have used the site to restore diesel locomotives to working order for main line use.
The Lieder Theatre Company presents up to five major performance projects each year, along with numerous community events, readings, workshops, and short seasons of experimental and new work.
The company, along with the Lieder Youth Theatre Company, is based in the historic Lieder Theatre, built by the company in 1929.
Goulburn is the seat of the Goulburn Mulwaree Shire local government area (LGA) of New South Wales, Australia, formed in 2004.
A by-election to fill the vacancies was held in June 2009 and resulted in the election of Councillors Geoffrey Kettle and Geoffrey Peterson.
Goulburn is approximately two hours' drive from Sydney via the Hume Highway, or a one-hour drive from Canberra via the Federal and Hume Highways.
Goulburn railway station is the southern terminus of the Southern Highlands Line which reaches from Campbelltown and is part of the NSW TrainLink intercity passenger train system.
The station is also served by the long distance Southern XPT and Xplorer trains between Sydey and Griffith, Canberra and Southern Cross railway station in Melbourne.
The concept behind the SR./A.1 originated during the Second World War as a reaction to Japan's successful use of military floatplanes and the emergence of the turbojet engine.
In April 1944, the Ministry issued Specification E.6/44 for the type and supported its development with a contract for three prototypes.
Development was protracted by Saunders-Roes' work on other projects, the war having ended prior to any of the prototypes being completed.
The SR./A.1 was evaluated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), who concluded that the design was incapable of matching up to the performance of land-based designs.
While interest in the SR./A.1 programme was briefly revived following the start of the Korean War, the aircraft was considered to be obsolete by that point and was again rejected.
The SR./A.1 was directly inspired by the modest successes experienced by the Imperial Japanese Navy in using seaplane fighters, such as the Nakajima A6M2-N (an adaptation of the Mitsubishi Zero) and the Kawanishi N1K.
Seaplanes had performed successfully during both of the world wars although, according to author H.F. King, their achievements were often not highly publicised or well known.
In theory, seaplanes were ideally suited to conditions in the Pacific theatre of the Second World War, and could turn any relatively calm area of coast into an airbase.
Their main disadvantage came from the way in which the bulk of their flotation gear penalised their performance compared to other fighters.
Both immediately prior to and during the war, Britain made very little use of seaplane fighters, instead relying upon aircraft carriers and land-based fighters as the basis of their military operations, despite the concept having remained popular with other powers, including Japan, Italy, and France.
Proposed seaplane conversions were produced for both the Hawker Hurricane and the Supermarine Spitfire to meet operational needs in the Norwegian Campaign, but were largely curtailed following the rapid German victory in this theatre.
It was in this backdrop that British seaplane manufacturer Saunders-Roe recognised that the newly-developed turbojet engine presented an opportunity to overcome the traditional performance drawbacks and design limitations of floatplanes.
By not requiring clearance for a propeller, the fuselage could sit lower in the water and use a flying boat-type hull.
Sauders-Roe speculated that, as floatplanes would likely be able to have staging grounds nearer to their objectives than land-based counterparts, both the time and effort involved in mounting missions, particularly offensive ones, could be reduced.
Early jet aircraft were typically restrained in terms of their range due to the high fuel consumption involved, a factor which could be overcome by bringing forward their staging areas, something which a floatplane would be readily capable of doing.
Re-basing to virtually any body of water could also be performed with little in the way of setup or ground preparation, according to the company.
Criticisms of the design were produced by Ministry officials, included the observation that the wing thickness/chord ratio was considered to be too high for a high-speed fighter when operating at a high altitude.
At this point, there were intentions for the SR.A/1 to be used in the Pacific theatre against Japan; as such, there were measures taken even at an early stage of development to support immediate quantity production.
However, shortly following the end of the Pacific War in August 1945, Saunders-Roe opted to concentrate its efforts on the Saunders-Roe Princess, a long-range civilian flying boat project, a choice which caused development of the fighter to slip behind.
Barely two weeks later, Tyson flew the fifth flight for a crowd of officials representing multiple organisations, including the Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force, the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Saunders-Roe, Metropolitan-Vickers and at least one unidentified foreign government.
Its agility was publicly displayed when Tyson performed a demonstration of high-speed aerobatics and inverted flight above an international audience at the 1948 SBAC Display while piloting the type.
During the flight test programme, two of the three prototypes suffered accidents, leading to an interruption in the trials and modifications being made to the remaining intact aircraft.
The SR.A/1 possessed a somewhat small and heavily-framed cockpit canopy, which provided the pilot with a poor view outside the aircraft, a particularly negative feature for a prospective fighter aircraft.
Despite this, the pressurised cockpit was relatively spacious, providing enough room to accommodate an additional crew member potentially; an observer could also have been potentially seated in a more rearward position as well.
As a measure to increase survivability, two of the SR./A.1 prototypes were fitted with the first two production Martin-Baker ejection seats to be built.
An automatic mooring system was incorporated, allowing the pilot to moor the aircraft without any external aids or even having to leave the cockpit.
The air intake for the engines was extendable to minimise the ingestion of seawater during takeoffs, although testing revealed only minor performance decreases due to this factor.
A fundamental problem that emerged during development was that the Beryl engine, which powered the type, had ceased production when British manufacturing conglomerate Metropolitan-Vickers had decided to withdraw from jet engine development, leaving only a limited number of engines was available.
Despite possessing some favourable qualities, officials judged that the need for such aircraft had completely evaporated with the end of the war.
Furthermore, the success of the aircraft carrier in the Pacific had demonstrated a far more effective way to project airpower over the oceans, though Saunders-Roe argued that carriers and their escorts were still very vulnerable to aircraft or other vessels.
Due to a lack of orders, work on the project was suspended, leading to the remaining prototype being placed into storage in early 1950.
However, it was soon recognised that the concept had been rendered obsolete in comparison to increasingly capable land-based fighters, together with the inability to solve the engine problem, forced a second and final cancellation.
Despite the SR.A/1's rejection, Saunders-Roe remained interested in the development of military seaplanes, performing several internal design studies on the subject, including some relatively radical concepts.
By adopting hydroskis and dispensing with the hull approach of the SR.A/1, no concessions to hydrodynamic requirements were imposed upon the fuselage.
Jerilderie is an irrigated farming centre, the area around Jerilderie produces a quarter of all tomatoes grown in Australia, as well as being a prime Merino stud region.
Additionally Jerilderie has a diverse number of crops such as rice, wheat, canola, mung and soybeans, onions, liquorice, grapes and a number of cattle farms.
This hospital has now been rebuilt as a multi purpose medical centre that incorporates an emergency room, aged care beds and a palliative care bed.
The event consists of a parade up the main street, a car bike truck and tractor show and shine, there is also a small show and farmers market.
The windmill was produced by the Steel Wings Company, in North Sydney between 1907 and 1911 with only six models ever erected.
The windmills comprise a steel frame and fan which turns to the wind between a bearing at the bottom and a swivel at the top, all supported by guy-wires.
The fully restored windmills, the only two known working examples in the world, are unique because their fan is contained and spins within the fully pivoting frame.
The Jerilderie Steel Wings windmill, built in 1910, was transported by rail from Sydney and then taken by bullock wagon to Goolgumbula Station for Sir Samuel McCaughey.
The mill suffered storm damage in 1977, was offered to the town as a historical exhibit and placed in Luke Park which was named after Thomas Raymond Luke (1908 - 1979) who was one of the main 'stirrers' for the construction of the lake.
Shortly after the lake was completed 'Tommy' Luke died while water-skiing on the lake he had been so instrumental in creating.
In 1989, members of Lions, Apex and Jerilderie Shire Council repaired and refurbished the windmill with two people, Clive Langfield and George Cornish (now dec.) spending some 600 hours to bring it to its present working condition, pumping per revolution from the Billabong Creek to the Jerilderie Lake using a draw plunger with a stroke.
More than two thousand pounds were stolen before Kelly and his gang walked to the Telegraph Office and chopped down the telegraph poles.
He and his gang held 30 people hostage overnight in the Royal Mail Hotel where Ned Kelly wrote the famous which documents Kelly's passionate pleas of innocence and desires for justice for both his family and the poor Irish settlers of Victoria's north-east.
It has also been described as the Ned Kelly 'manifesto' and remains the only source providing a direct link between the Kelly Gang and the actions they are accused of.
Some examples include walls made of differently toned bricks making up his image to storm drains with holes cut in the same pattern.
Jerilderie is the childhood home of Sir John Monash honoured military commander whose image adorns the Australian one hundred dollar note.
He attended and achieved dux at Jerilderie Public School and his name can be seen on the wall in the head office of Jerilderie Public on the official record.
Medieval scholar, Dr Michael Jones, claims Queen Elizabeth's claim to the throne is illegitimate because King Edward IV, who reigned from 1461 to 1483, was not of royal blood; he was the illegitimate son of a French archer.
Dr Jones concluded that, tracing the correct path, The 14th Earl of Loudoun (usually known simply as Michael Hastings; 1942-2012), who migrated to Jerilderie in the 1960s, was the true King of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.
Prior to European settlement, the Jerilderie region was inhabited by the Jeithi Aborigines, and the name 'Jerilderie' is thought to derive from their word for 'reedy place'.
The pioneers of that time established cattle stations and it was not until the 1860s that sheep were found better suited to the area.
The birth of the town of Jerilderie itself is traced to the establishment of a house and store by John Carractacus Powell in 1854.
The Kennedy family were the pioneers who first took up the property known as Mary's Creek Run, the station which surrounded the site of the town of Jerilderie.
Thus Jerilderie had two establishments, about three kilometres apart, and the business rivalry was keen in each endeavour to capture trade from the travelling public.
Whilst the rivalry continued between Powell and Davidson, a Mr Cadell settled at a site opposite the existing Police Station and erected a store to compete with Powell and Davidson.
No other development occurred for some years, but following an application from Mr Powell in 1863 a surveyor was instructed to survey and report on the Jerilderie Village site.
With the continual growth of the town and the development of the sheep and wool industry over the years, there became the need for control and development of local facilities and services such as roads, bridges, water supply, etc.
The Municipality was originally formed in 1885 from previously formed Progress Association but did not gain official recognition and charter until 1889.
Whilst the town had its Local Government authority, the landholders outside the Municipality found the need to work for the establishment of a Shire Council, and as a result of this need the Wunnamurra Shire Council was realised in 1906.
Both the Jerilderie Municipality and the Wunnamurra Shire continued on their works for the following years up to 1918 when the Shire of Jerilderie was formed from the union of the two Councils.
The Tocumwal railway line is a closed railway line that linked Jerilderie to Narrandera in the north and Tocumwal to the south.
The line commenced at Narrandera station and then headed south west to Tocumwal station where there was a break-of-gauge with the Victorian Railways Goulburn Valley line from Shepparton.
In the 2016 Census, there were 1,029 people in Jerilderie, 76.4% of people were born in Australia and 82.3% of people spoke only English at home.
While holding the office of Prime Minister, he has temporarily held various ministerial portfolios: Information, Home Affairs, Immigration, Public Service, Indigenous and Multi-Ethnic Affairs, Finance, and Foreign Affairs.
On 22 September 2014, he was sworn-in as the Prime Minister of Fiji by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau after his FijiFirst Party won the general elections.
In the 2018 Fijian general election his FijiFirst Party again won an outright majority and Bainimarama was sworn-in as the Fijian Prime Minister for a second term on 20 November 2018.
Bainimarama has taken power twice in Fiji's history, the first time as Head of the Interim Military Government of Fiji from 29 May to 13 July 2000, after organising a counter-coup to neutralise the ethnic Fijian putsch led by George Speight.
He restored Ratu Josefa Iloilo to the Presidency on 4 January 2007, and was formally appointed Interim Prime Minister by Iloilo the next day.
Bainimarama stepped down on 10 April 2009 as interim prime minister, after the country's court of appeal ruled the removal of the democratic government during his 2006 military coup was unlawful.
President Ratu Josefa Iloilo then announced that he had abolished the constitution, assumed all governing power and revoked all judicial appointments.
He has been made an Officer Brother in the Order of St John of Jerusalem, and has received the Meritorious Service Decoration, the Peacekeeping Medal for United Nations peacekeepers, the General Service Medal, the Fiji Republic Medal, and the 25 Anniversary Medal.
Following his education at Marist Brothers High School, Bainimarama enlisted with the Fijian Navy on 26 July 1975 and rose smoothly through the ranks, becoming an Able Seaman in August 1976, a Midshipman in December the same year, and an Ensign on 1 November 1977.
After being promoted to Lieutenant Commander in February 1986, he departed for Sinai where he served for eighteen months with the Multinational Force and Observers.
He became Commanding Officer of the Fijian Navy in April 1988, and was promoted to the rank of Commander on 4 October that year.
Bainimarama underwent further training at the Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College in 1991 and at the Australian Defence Force Warfare Centre at RAAF Williamtown, Newcastle, New South Wales, where he studied Maritime Surveillance Training.
This was followed by Disaster Management training at the Asian Institute of Technology in 1993, and Exclusive Economic Zone Management training at Dalhousie University, Canada, in 1994.
He was promoted to the rank of Captain in October of that year, and went on to attend the Australian Joint Services Staff College (JSSC).
He attended the Integrated Logistics Support Overview course of the Australian Defence Co-operation Program on 23 September 1996, and the Chief of Army Conferences in Singapore in 1998 and 1999, as well as the Chief of Defence Conference in Hawaii.
Bainimarama was appointed Acting Chief of Staff on 10 November 1997, and was confirmed in this post on 18 April 1998.
On 1 March 1999, he was promoted to the rank of Commodore and was named Commander of the Armed Forces, to replace Brigadier-General Ratu Epeli Ganilau, who resigned to pursue a political career.
A group led by George Speight, a businessman who had been declared bankrupt following the cancellation of several contracts by the government, entered Parliament buildings on 19 May 2000 and disaffected elements of the Fijian population rallied to his side.
For 56 days Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and most of his cabinet, along with many parliamentarians and their staff, were held as hostages while Speight attempted to negotiate with the President, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, who denounced the coup and declared a state of emergency.
Bainimarama attended a Leadership and Change Management course with the Public Service Training and Development program in February 2002, and a Policy Planning Analysis and Management course at the University of the South Pacific in Suva the following month.
He went on to attend the Defence and Strategic Studies Annual Conference at the Australian Defence College in Canberra on 2 August, and the Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security at Harvard University in the United States from 18 to 30 August.
In November that year, he was promoted to Rear Admiral, but this promotion was reverted to Commodore on 1 February 2003.
On 4 September 2003, Bainimarama attended the Pacific Armies Management Seminar XXVII in Seoul, South Korea, and went on to attend the PKO Capacity Building Seminar in the Philippine capital of Manila.
Despite his deteriorating relationship with the government, Bainimarama was reappointed Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces on 5 February 2004.
In September, he attended both the PAMS XXVII in the Indian capital of New Delhi, and the 7th Chief of Defence Conference in Tokyo, Japan.
He repeatedly entered the political arena to criticise government policy – especially its policy of leniency, as he saw it, towards persons responsible for the coup.
Politicians countered with charges of inappropriate interference in political affairs, and some accused him of hypocrisy, saying that he himself had a case to answer for his role in Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara's resignation from the presidency.
Bainimarama condemned the early release of persons imprisoned for their involvement in the 2000 coup, including former Vice-President Ratu Jope Seniloli and Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu, the Paramount Chief of the Tovata Confederacy.
He spoke out against the organising of Fiji Week, a week of religious services and cultural ceremonies, in which persons could apologise for their participation in the coup, that was held from 4 to 11 October 2004.
On 13 May 2005, he announced his implacable opposition to the government's proposal to establish a Reconciliation and Unity Commission, with the power to grant compensation to victims of the 2000 coup, and amnesty to perpetrators of it.
He agreed with detractors who called it a sham to grant amnesty to supporters of the government who had played roles in the coup.
His attack on the legislation, which continued unremittingly throughout May and June and into July, further strained his already tense relationship with the government.
On 11 July, Bainimarama issued one of his strongest-worded challenges yet to the government, saying that it was forcing the country into the same anarchy as in 2000.
The next day, it was revealed that a draft document signed by Bainimarama had originally contained a direct threat to overthrow the government if the bill went through.
Home Affairs Minister Vosanibola finally admitted on 13 July that the government was constitutionally powerless to do anything to discipline the Military commander.
On 24 August, Bainimarama went public with allegations that Senator Apisai Tora and other politicians, whom he did not name, had asked him to depose President Iloilo in 2000.
Tora angrily denied the accusations, and was supported by Prime Minister Qarase, who claimed to have attended the meeting where the topic of removing President Iloilo was alleged to have come up.
Bainimarama reiterated his allegations on 1 September, and police spokeswoman Sylvia Low said that a file had, in fact, been opened as far back as 2001, when Bainimarama had made a statement to the police naming individuals he said were involved in the plot.
Earlier, Kevueli Bulamainaivalu, the police officer heading the investigation, had said on 29 August that until Commodore Bainimarama had filed an official report and signed it, the police could do nothing.
Bainimarama's detractors accused him of hypocrisy for vehemently opposing what he saw as the government's policy of leniency towards perpetrators of the 2000 coup, when there were unanswered questions about his own role in it.
On 25 April 2004, then-Opposition Leader Mick Beddoes called on the army to answer for its failure to protect President Mara while the country was in crisis.
On 5 January 2005, Joji Kotobalavu, a spokesman for Prime Minister Qarase, reminded the public that Bainimarama himself was currently under investigation for his role in the apparently forced resignation of President Mara.
On 2 May 2005, Police Commissioner Andrew Hughes announced that Bainimarama had volunteered to make a statement about his own role in Mara's resignation.
To lay any charges, Hughes had earlier said, it would have to be proven that Bainimarama actually forced the President to resign.
On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in Egypt visiting Fijian forces on peacekeeping duties in the Middle East, President Iloilo moved to terminate the appointment of Bainimarama, appointing instead Lieutenant Colonel Meli Saubulinayau who declined to take the position.
The governments of Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and others called for calm, and asked for assurances that the Fijian military not rise against the government.
In late November 2006, Bainimarama handed down a list of demands to Qarase, one of which was the withdrawal of three controversial bills, including the Qoliqoli Bill (which would have transferred ownership of maritime resources to the Fijian people) and the Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill, which would have offered conditional pardons to persons convicted of involvement in the 2000 coup.
Despite further talks in Suva and in Wellington, New Zealand, Bainimarama gave the Prime Minister Qarase an ultimatum of 4 December to accede to his demands or to resign.
In a televised address, Qarase agreed to put the three contentious bills on hold, review the appointment of Andrew Hughes as Police Commissioner (Bainimarama had demanded his dismissal), and give the police the option of discontinuing investigations into the Commander's alleged acts of sedition.
On 5 December President Ratu Josefa Iloilo was said to have signed a legal order dissolving Parliament after meeting with Bainimarama.
The President later issued a statement categorically denying having signed any such decree, however, and the exiled Commissioner of Police, Andrew Hughes, implicated Iloilo's secretary in the fabrication of the decree at the direction of Commander Bainimarama.
As of 9 December, there were reported arrests of members of the media and open dissenters, as well as incidents of intimidation and violence committed against political figures.
Bainimarama told a press conference on 15 December that he would agree to attend a forthcoming meeting of the Great Council of Chiefs, the feudal body empowered to choose the country's President, Vice-President, and fourteen of the thirty two Senators, only in his capacity as President of the Republic, the Fiji Sun reported.
Told that the Great Council still recognised Ratu Josefa Iloilo as President, he said that in that case he would boycott the meeting.
He also condemned the Great Council's invitation to deposed Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, saying that Qarase would not be allowed to return to Suva to attend the meeting.
On 6 September 2007, Bainimarama imposed a renewed state of emergency for one month, alleging that Qarase and his spokesman were spreading lies and attempting to cause destabilisation, following Qarase's return to Suva after having been confined to the island of Vanua Balavu since his ouster.
Bainimarama became acting Minister of Finance on 18 August 2008 after Chaudhry and the other Labour Party ministers withdrew from the interim government.
Bainimarama stated that his main reasons for overthrowing the Qarase government were that it was corrupt, and that it was conducting racially discriminatory policies against the country's Indo-Fijian minority.
Of the two major communities, indigenous Fijians were instilled with fear of dominance and dispossession by Indo-Fijians, and they desired protection of their status as the indigenous people.
Indo-Fijians, on the other hand, felt alienated and marginalised, as second-class citizens in their own country, the country of their birth, Fiji.
[...] Fiji will look at making the necessary legal changes in the area of electoral reform, to ensure true equality at the polls.
It's the lies that are being fed to indigenous Fijians that are causing this, especially from our chiefs who are the dominating factor in our lives.
In particular, the decree banned strikes in all but exceptional circumstances, subjecting them in addition to government authorisation on a case by case basis.
In April 2009, the Court of Appeal ruled the removal of the democratic government during his 2006 military coup was illegal.
President Ratu Josefa Iloilo then announced that he had abolished the constitution, assumed all governing power and revoked all judicial appointments.
After abolishing the constitution and sacking the judiciary, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo reappointed Commodore Frank Bainimarama as prime minister only 24 hours later.
On 3 November 2009, Bainimarama banished the envoys of Australia and New Zealand giving them 24 hours to leave the country.
The controversy stemmed from Bainimarama's move to appoint Sri Lankan judges to replace the country's judiciary, which he ousted in April 2009.
Bainimarama displays above his office desk portraits of Elizabeth II, former Queen of Fiji, and of her consort, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
However, in 2012 Bainimarama's government abolished the Queen's Official Birthday holiday in Fiji and replaced the Queen's image on Fiji's banknotes and coins with the Fijian coat of arms (themselves granted by royal warrant).
He is a sports enthusiast, with a particular passion for rugby union and athletics; he became president of the Fiji Rugby Union on 31 May 2014.
The original company, SIG Sauer GmbH, is a German company, formed in 1876 as a partnership between Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG) of Switzerland and J.P. Sauer & Sohn of Germany.
Their firearms subsidiary, SIG Arms AG, was sold to L&O Holding in western Germany and was first renamed SAN Swiss Arms AG and in late 2019 as SIG SAUER AG.
A separate company was founded in Newington, New Hampshire in 1985 with the name SIGARMS to import and distribute SIG Sauer firearms into the United States.
L&O Holding is currently the parent company of German-based SIG Sauer GmbH & Co. KG, Swiss-based SIG SAUER AG and US-based SIG Sauer Inc.
In 1860, a state-of-the-art rifle of their creation won a competition by Switzerland's Federal Ministry of Defense, resulting in the award of a contract to produce 30,000 Prelaz-Burnand rifles.
The Prélaz-Burnand 1859 was invented by gunsmith Jean-Louis Joseph Prélaz and an army officer Edouard Burnand and adopted as M1863 rifle (15,566 made by SIG).
This single-action semi-automatic P210 brought SIG much acclaim, due to the precision manufacturing processes employed in its manufacture and its resultant accuracy and reliability.
The P210 frame design incorporates external rails that fit closely with the slide, thus eliminating play in the mechanism during firing.
The Petter-Browning patent which was a refinement of the Browning Hi-Power (P35) which was John Moses Browning's last design which was created for the French 1935 pistol, but not adopted.
In the 1970s SIG purchased both Hämmerli and J. P. Sauer and Sohn, which resulted in the formation of SIG Sauer.
A new design of firearm was created in response to the Swiss military and police requirement for a handgun to replace the P210.
It should properly be called the SIG Sauer System, which is in fact the labeling on one of the first SIG Sauer handguns.
The Sauer 38H had been produced in competition with other German makers such as Mauser and Walther at a time with new designs began to feature a double/single action trigger.
The Double Action trigger mechanism combined with the advanced safety features including the hammer lowering decocking lever, were contributed by Sauer to the new P220 design.
In January 1985, SIG Sauer established a subsidiary, SIGARMS, in Tyson's Corner, Virginia to import the P220 and P230 models into the US.
SIGARMS moved to Exeter, New Hampshire in 1990 where production facilities had been established and production began on the P229 in 1992.
SIG's remaining firearms business was sold to Michael Lüke and Thomas Ortmeier's L&O Holding in October 2000, and is now known as Swiss Arms, although its products were still using the SIG Sauer brand.
There are now two SIG Sauer sister companies, one in Newington, New Hampshire in the US, and the other in Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.
Since its creation in the US, all new SIG Sauer designs presented by this company have been designed in the US.
SIG Sauer operates a firearms training school in the US with courses taught by experienced instructors many of whom have military and/or police backgrounds.
In February 2016, bids were submitted by 12 companies to compete for this contract which was expected to result in purchases of more than 500,000 pieces.
On 1 July 2016, SIG Sauer was reported to be one of three remaining competitors who were in consideration for this contract.
On July 12, 2018 SIG SAUER announced that the Texas Department of Public Safety (TXDPS) has integrated the SIG SAUER P320 as its official service firearm throughout its divisions.
In 2015, SIG Sauer expanded to include suppressors, optics, ammo and airguns, aiming to provide dedicated customer base with a greater range of firearm and firearm safety equipment and accessories.
In January 12, 2016, SIG Sauer introduced its ASP (Advanced Sport Pellet) line of airguns, which included CO Powerlet-powered pistols and rifles featuring the proprietary RPM™ (Rapid Pellet Magazine) pellet drive system consisting of a belt inside a box magazine-shaped housing, reportedly capable of feeding 30 rounds in 3.5 seconds.
These ASP airguns are engineered to have the same appearance, dimension and weight as well as similar trigger pull as the company’s centerfire firearm models, for the purpose of sporting and training with the added benefit of reduced cost, minimal noise, the ability to practise outside dedicated shooting ranges and less restrictive laws.
In a press event on July 25, 2018, the SIG Sauer announced that its airgun division was renamed to SIG Air, and introduced its Precision Line air rifles, starting with the ASP20 break-barrel air rifle.
In April 24, 2019, SIG Air expanded the Precision Line by introducing its first pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) air rifle featuring its proprietary Rapid Pellet Magazine, the semi-automatic MCX Virtus PCP, based on the centerfire MCX Virtus Patrol rifle.
In response, SIG Air announced in January 17, 2019 the introduction of its own in-house ProForce high-end airsoft line for professional training, with the initial offerings include the M17 and P229 airsoft pistol.
Ever since Plato's original discussion, this question has presented a problem for some theists, though others have thought it a false dilemma, and it continues to be an object of theological and philosophical discussion today.
Euthyphro proposes (6e) that the pious (τὸ ὅσιον) is the same thing as that which is loved by the gods (τὸ θεοφιλές), but Socrates finds a problem with this proposal: the gods may disagree among themselves (7e).
Euthyphro then revises his definition, so that piety is only that which is loved by all of the gods unanimously (9e).
Socrates asks whether the gods love the pious because it is the pious, or whether the pious is pious only because it is loved by the gods (10a).
But this means, Socrates argues, that we are forced to reject the second option: the fact that the gods love something cannot explain why the pious is the pious (10d).
Socrates points out that if both options were true, they together would yield a vicious circle, with the gods loving the pious because it is the pious, and the pious being the pious because the gods love it.
And this in turn means, Socrates argues, that the pious is not the same as the god-beloved, for what makes the pious the pious is not what makes the god-beloved the god-beloved.
After all, what makes the god-beloved the god-beloved is the fact that the gods love it, whereas what makes the pious the pious is something else (9d-11a).
The dilemma can be modified to apply to philosophical theism, where it is still the object of theological and philosophical discussion, largely within the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic traditions.
Many philosophers and theologians have addressed the Euthyphro dilemma since the time of Plato, though not always with reference to the Platonic dialogue.
According to scholar Terence Irwin, the issue and its connection with Plato was revived by Ralph Cudworth and Samuel Clarke in the 17th and 18th centuries.
More recently, it has received a great deal of attention from contemporary philosophers working in metaethics and the philosophy of religion.
Roughly, it is the view that there are independent moral standards: some actions are right or wrong in themselves, independent of God's commands.
The Mu'tazilah school of Islamic theology also defended the view (with, for example, Nazzam maintaining that God is powerless to engage in injustice or lying), as did the Islamic philosopher Averroes.
Aquinas draws a distinction between what is good or evil in itself and what is good or evil because of God's commands, with unchangeable moral standards forming the bulk of natural law.
Modern natural law theory saw Grotius and Leibniz also putting morality prior to God's will, comparing moral truths to unchangeable mathematical truths, and engaging voluntarists like Pufendorf in philosophical controversy.
Cambridge Platonists like Benjamin Whichcote and Ralph Cudworth mounted seminal attacks on voluntarist theories, paving the way for the later rationalist metaethics of Samuel Clarke and Richard Price; what emerged was a view on which eternal moral standards, though dependent on God in some way, exist independently of God's will and prior to God's commands.
Contemporary philosophers of religion who embrace this horn of the Euthyphro dilemma include Richard Swinburne and T. J. Mawson (though see below for complications).
They do not address the aforementioned problems with the first horn, but do consider a related problem concerning God's omnipotence: namely, that it might be handicapped by his inability to bring about what is independently evil.
And supposing that it is impossible for God not to exist, then since there cannot be more than one omnipotent being, it is therefore impossible for any being to have more power than God (e.g., a being who is omnipotent but not omnibenevolent).
This is because, according to Swinburne, such truths are true as a matter of logical necessity: like the laws of logic, one cannot deny them without contradiction.
This parallel offers a solution to the aforementioned problems of God's sovereignty, omnipotence, and freedom: namely, that these necessary truths of morality pose no more of a threat than the laws of logic.
First, there are some divine commands that can directly create moral obligations: e.g., the command to worship on Sundays instead of on Tuesdays.
Notably, not even these commands, for which Swinburne and Mawson take the second horn of the dilemma, have ultimate, underived authority.
Rather, they create obligations only because of God's role as creator and sustainer and indeed owner of the universe, together with the necessary moral truth that we owe some limited consideration to benefactors and owners.
For example, whether a public policy is morally good might indirectly depend on God's creative acts: the policy's goodness or badness might depend on its effects, and those effects would in turn depend on the sort of universe God has decided to create.
Roughly, it is the view that there are no moral standards other than God's will: without God's commands, nothing would be right or wrong.
This view was partially defended by Duns Scotus, who argued that not all Ten Commandments belong to the Natural Law in the strictest sense.
The voluntarist emphasis on God's absolute power was carried further by Descartes, who notoriously held that God had freely created the eternal truths of logic and mathematics, and that God was therefore capable of giving circles unequal radii, giving triangles other than 180 internal degrees, and even making contradictions true.
A significant attraction of such a view is that, since it allows for a non-voluntarist treatment of goodness and badness, and therefore of God's own moral attributes, some of the aforementioned problems with voluntarism can perhaps be answered.
God could not issue horrible commands: God's own essential goodness or loving character would keep him from issuing any unsuitable commands.
Our obligation to obey God's commands does not result in circular reasoning; it might instead be based on a gratitude whose appropriateness is itself independent of divine commands.
Here the restricted divine command theory is commonly combined with a view reminiscent of Plato: God is identical to the ultimate standard for goodness.
Something is a meter long inasmuch as it is the same length as the standard meter bar, and likewise, something is good inasmuch as it approximates God.
If we identify the ultimate standard for goodness with God's nature, then it seems we are identifying it with certain properties of God (e.g., being loving, being just).
To produce a satisfying result, however, it would have to give an account of God's goodness that does not trivialize it and does not make God subject to an independent standard of goodness.
Augustine, Anselm, and Aquinas all wrote about the issues raised by the Euthyphro dilemma, although, like William James and Wittgenstein later, they did not mention it by name.
As philosopher and Anselm scholar Katherin A. Rogers observes, many contemporary philosophers of religion suppose that there are true propositions which exist as platonic abstracta independently of God.
Classical Judaeo-Christian theism, however, rejects such a view as inconsistent with God's omnipotence, which requires that God and what he has made is all that there is.
The basis of the false dilemma response—God's nature is the standard for value—predates the dilemma itself, appearing first in the thought of the eighth-century BC Hebrew prophets, Amos, Hosea, Micah and Isaiah.
The Hebrew stance on what came to be called the problem of universals, as on much else, was very different from that of Plato and precluded anything like the Euthyphro dilemma.
In his view, to speak of abstractions not only as existent, but as more perfect exemplars than fully designated particulars, is to put a premium on generality and vagueness.
The difference between desiring good and desiring evil is that in the former, will and reason are in harmony, whereas in the latter, they are in discord.
Aquinas's discussion of sin provides a good point of entry to his philosophical explanation of why the nature of God is the standard for value.
God, however, has full knowledge (omniscience) and therefore by definition (that of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle as well as Aquinas) can never will anything other than what is good.
It is precisely humans' creatureliness – that is, their not being God and therefore omniscient – that makes them capable of sinning.
That means that what is objectively good and what God wills for us as morally obligatory are really the same thing considered under different descriptions, and that neither could have been other than they are.
There can be no question then, either of God’s having arbitrarily commanded something different for us (torturing babies for fun, or whatever) or of there being a standard of goodness apart from Him.
Again, the Euthyphro dilemma is a false one; the third option that it fails to consider is that what is morally obligatory is what God commands in accordance with a non-arbitrary and unchanging standard of goodness that is not independent of Him...
Atheism challenges the assumption of the dilemma that God exists (or in the original formulation, that the many gods in Greek religion existed).
This eliminates the need to decide whether God is either non-omniscient or arbitrary, and also eliminates the possibility of God as the source of morality.
Secular humanism takes the positive stance that morality is not dependent on religion or theology, and that ethical rules should be developed based on reason, science, experience, debate, and democracy.
Some secular humanists believe in ethical naturalism, that there are objective, discoverable laws of morality inherent to the human condition, of which humans may have imperfect knowledge.
Others have adopted ethical subjectivism in the sense of meta-ethics – the idea that ethics are a social construct – but nonetheless by way of utilitarianism advocate imposing a set of universal ethics and laws that create the type of society in which they wish to live, where people are safe, prosperous, and happy.
The other assumption of the dilemma is that there is a universal right and wrong, against which a god either creates or is defined by.
This conflicts with the teachings of most religions (and thus is usually accompanied by atheism) but is theoretically compatible with the notion of a powerful God or gods who have opinions about how people should behave.
Alexander Rosenberg uses a version of the Euthyphro Dilemma to argue that objective morality cannot exist and hence an acceptance of Moral nihilism is warranted.
If the first horn of the dilemma is true then our current morality cannot be objectively correct by accident because if evolution had given us another type of morality then that would have been objectively correct.
If the second horn of dilemma is true then one must account for how the random process of evolution managed to only select for objectively correct moral traits while ignoring the wrong moral traits.
Given the knowledge that evolution has given us tendencies to be xenophobic and sexist it is mistaken to claim that evolution has only selected for objective morality as evidently it did not.
Because both horns of the dilemma do not give an adequate account for how the evolutionary process instantiated objective morality in humans, a position of Moral nihilism is warranted.
This opens the possibility of disagreeing with God about the rules of ethics, and of creating multiple societies with different, equally valid sets of ethics (just as different countries have different sets of laws).
In the context of religious pluralism, strong relativism it also opens the possibility that different gods and different belief systems produce different but equally valid moral systems, which may apply only to adherents of those faiths.
The Court's majority (per Justice Jackson) resolved its version of the Euthyphro dilemma by ruling that property rights exist if courts recognize and protect them, rather than holding that property rights pre-exist and courts merely perceive them.
Some of the main themes in his works are the relations between individuality and authority, life and death, and other existential problems.
Selimović was born to a prominent Muslim family of Serbian origin on 26 April 1910 in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where he graduated from elementary school and high school.
In 1930, he enrolled to study the Serbo-Croatian language and literature at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology and graduated in 1934.
He spent the first two years of the Second World War in Tuzla, until he was arrested for participation in the Partisan anti-fascist resistance movement in 1943.
After his release, he moved to liberated territory, became a member of Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the political commissar of the Tuzla Detachment of the Partisans.
During the war, Selimović's brother, also a communist, was executed by partisans' firing squad for alleged theft, without trial; Selimović's letter in defense of the brother was to no avail.
Exasperated by a latent conflict with several local politicians and intellectuals, in 1971 he moved to Belgrade, where he lived until his death in 1982.
In his 1976 letter to the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Selimović stated for the historical record that he regarded himself as a Serb and belonging to the corpus of Serbian literature.
His first short story (Pjesma u oluji / A song in the storm) was published in 1948, when he was thirty-six.
The plot of the novel takes place in 18th-century Sarajevo under Ottoman rule, and reflects Selimović's own torment of the execution of his brother; the story speaks of the futility of one man's resistance against a repressive system, and the change that takes place within that man after he becomes a part of that very system.
In solid state physics and condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of states that are to be occupied by the system at each level of energy.
It is mathematically represented as a distribution by a probability density function, and it is generally an average over the space and time domains of the various states occupied by the system.
In isolated systems however, such as atoms or molecules in the gas phase, the density distribution is discrete, like a spectral density.
In quantum mechanical systems, waves, or wave-like particles, can occupy modes or states with wavelengths and propagation directions dictated by the system.
For example, in some systems, the interatomic spacing and the atomic charge of a material could allow only electrons of certain wavelengths to exist.
In other systems, the crystalline structure of a material could allow waves to propagate in one direction, while suppressing wave propagation in another direction.
Thus, it can happen that many states are available for occupation at a specific energy level, while no states are available at other energy levels .
For example, the density of states of electrons at the band edge between the valence and conduction bands in a semiconductor is shown in orange in Fig.
Alternatively, the density of state is discontinuous for an interval of energy, which means that no states are available for electrons to occupy within the band gap of the material.
This condition also means that an electron at the conduction band edge must lose at least the band gap energy of the material in order to transition to another state in the valence band.
The most well-known systems, like neutronium in neutron stars and free electron gases in metals (examples of degenerate matter and a Fermi gas), have a 3-dimensional Euclidean topology.
Less familiar systems, like two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) in graphite layers and the quantum Hall effect system in MOSFET type devices, have a 2-dimensional Euclidean topology.
Some condensed matter systems possess a symmetry of its structure on its microscopic scale which simplifies calculations of its density of states.
In spherically symmetric systems, the integrals of function are one-dimensional because all variables in the calculation depend only on the radial parameter of the dispersion relation.
Measurements on powders or polycrystalline samples require evaluation and calculation functions and integrals over the whole domain, most often a Brillouin zone, of the dispersion relations of the system of interest.
Sometimes the symmetry of the system is high, which causes the shape of the functions describing the dispersion relations of the system to appear many times over the whole domain of the dispersion relation.
In such cases the effort to calculate the DOS can be reduced by a great amount when the calculation is limited to a reduced zone or fundamental domain.
This configuration means that the integration over the whole domain of the Brillouin zone can be reduced to a 48-th part of the whole Brillouin zone.
As a crystal structure periodic table shows, there are many elements with a FCC crystal structure, like diamond, silicon and platinum and their Brillouin zones and dispersion relations have this 48-fold symmetry.
Two other familiar crystal structures are the body-centered cubic lattice (BCC) and hexagonal closed packed structures (HCP) with cubic and hexagonal lattices, respectively.
In general it is easier to calculate a DOS when the symmetry of the system is higher and the number of topological dimensions of the dispersion relation is lower.
In anisotropic condensed matter systems such as a single crystal of a compound, the density of states could be different in one crystallographic direction than in another.
These causes the anisotropic density of states to be more difficult to visualize, and might require methods such as calculating the DOS for particular points or directions only, or calculating the projected density of states (PDOS) to a particular crystal orientation.
In a system described by three orthogonal parameters (3 Dimension), the units of DOS is EnergyVolume , in a two dimensional system, the units of DOS is EnergyArea , in a one dimensional system, the units of DOS is EnergyLength.
4 illustrates how the product of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function and the three-dimensional density of states for a semiconductor can give insight to physical properties such as carrier concentration and Energy band gaps.
Bose–Einstein statistics: The Bose–Einstein probability distribution function is used to find the probability that a boson occupies a specific quantum state in a system at thermal equilibrium.
From these two distributions it is possible to calculate properties such as the internal energy formula_24, the number of particles formula_25, specific heat capacity formula_26, and thermal conductivity formula_3.
For quantum wires, the DOS for certain energies actually becomes higher than the DOS for bulk semiconductors, and for quantum dots the electrons become quantized to certain energies.
The photon density of states can be manipulated by using periodic structures with length scales on the order of the wavelength of light.
Some structures can completely inhibit the propagation of light of certain colors (energies), creating a photonic band gap: the DOS is zero for those photon energies.
In nanostructured media the concept of local density of states (LDOS) is often more relevant than that of DOS, as the DOS varies considerably from point to point.
Because of the complexity of these systems the analytical calculation of the density of states is in most of the cases impossible.
In materials science, for example, this term is useful when interpreting the data from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), since this method is capable of imaging electron densities of states with atomic resolution.
For example, the figure on the right illustrates LDOS of a transistor as it turns on and off in a ballistic simulation.
In optics and photonics, the concept of local density of states refers to the states that can be occupied by a photon.
In this case, the LDOS can be much more enhanced and they are proportional with Purcell enhancements of the spontaneous emission.
In addition, the relationship with the mean free path of the scattering is trivial as the LDOS can be still strongly influenced by the short details of strong disorders in the form of a strong Purcell enhancement of the emission.
and finally, for the plasmonic disorder, this effect is much stronger for LDOS fluctuations as it can be observed as a strong near-field localization.
The price elasticity of supply (PES or E) is a measure used in economics to show the responsiveness, or elasticity, of the quantity supplied of a good or service to a change in its price.
The elasticity is represented in numerical form, and is defined as the percentage change in the quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in price.
The quantity of goods supplied can, in the short term, be different from the amount produced, as manufacturers will have stocks which they can build up or run down.
Various research methods are used to calculate price elasticities in real life, including analysis of historic sales data, both public and private, and use of present-day surveys of customers' preferences to build up test markets capable of modelling elasticity such changes.
Thus, when supply is represented linearly, regardless of the slope of the supply line, the coefficient of elasticity of any linear supply curve that passes through the origin is 1 (unit elastic).
The coefficient of elasticity of any linear supply curve that cuts the positive part of the price axis is greater than 1 (elastic) everywhere, and the coefficient of elasticity of any linear supply curve that cuts the positive part of the quantity axis is less than 1 (inelastic).
First, for each individual firm the long run is defined as a length of time such that the usages of all factors of production, even those such as physical capital, can be varied.
So for example, if the price of a good goes up, in the long run the usages of both labor and capital can be increased, leading to more of an increase in output supplied than if, as in the short run, only labor usage can be increased.
Second, from the perspective of the industry as a whole, a sustained rise in the market-determined selling price will eventually—in the long run—lead to entry of more firms into the industry, increasing the supply by more than will occur in the absence of such entry.
After this, the preservation movement entered a hiatus until the founding of the New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society in 1944, which established branches throughout the country.
The first act of active railway preservation was started by the NZR&LS Otago Branch when they purchased a small 9-tonne Fowler 0-4-0T tank locomotive built in 1921 and formerly used by the Public Works Department as their N 540, from the Otago Harbour Board for use on the fledgeling Ocean Beach Railway, established in 1963.
Similar works were soon started in Christchurch by the NZR&LS Canterbury Branch at their new Ferrymead Railway in Christchurch, the NZR&LS Auckland Branch at their Glenbrook Vintage Railway and the NZR&LS Wellington Branch at their Silver Stream Railway.
However, this period also saw the breakaway of the NZR&LS Auckland and Canterbury Branches to become the Railway Enthusiasts Society and the Canterbury Railway Society respectively, although they retained an affiliation with the NZR&LS.
During the period from 1960 to 1979, the rail preservation scene began to increase as more railway museums and groups were established, helped in part by the closure of rural branch lines by New Zealand Railways.
In this category, railway museum groups were set up by the Pleasant Point Museum and Railway at Pleasant Point and the Ashburton Railway and Preservation Society at Tinwald Domain near Ashburton in Canterbury.
These groups at the time were attempting to save part of the fabric of rural branch lines that had been operated by New Zealand Railways but were being closed down.
As the replacement of steam was accelerated during this period and was completed in 1971, other groups were initiated to preserve the mainline locomotives and rolling stock of NZR.
The first group to do so was Steam Incorporated, based out of the former Paekakariki locomotive depot site just north of Wellington.
The Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland also began to accept railway vehicles for preservation, in conjunction with the Bush Tramway Club which was preserving former industrial locomotives used on the bush tramways of New Zealand.
Following the end of steam in 1971, NZR placed a total steam ban on the national network, with the exception of its own heritage operation, the famous Kingston Flyer which began operation between Lumsden and Kingston on the Kingston Branch in that year.
This ban required that if steam locomotives were to operate in New Zealand, they would be confined to either heritage railways, museums, or private sites.
During this time, the majority of groups established began to expand their operations as NZR progressively modernised, and in some cases were able to extend their running lines or establish museum-type displays to showcase their rolling stock.
This period also saw the birth of the Otago Excursion Train Trust, founded in 1978 to run excursion trains over the scenic Otago Central Railway.
Initially, these trains were run with NZR carriages and locomotives but later the OETT purchased its own fleet of carriages from NZR which were refurbished by Government apprentices and volunteers, first at Burnside railway station and later in the north yard at Dunedin railway station.
This group was joined by Steam Incorporated and the Railway Enthusiasts Society in running similar excursions using NZR diesel locomotives but the organising group's own carriages.
In 1985, NZR agreed to remove the steam ban in conjunction with the centenary of the start of construction of the North Island Main Trunk.
A steam excursion was run from Wellington to Auckland, using Steam Incorporated's K 945 and the RES' J 1250 to haul the train of mixed Steam Inc and RES stock.
As NZR still used red as the colour for its coaching stock, these groups used their own liveries, predominantly brown or yellow.
Although the pace of preservation slowed into the early 1980s and beyond, several more groups were established to preserve longer branch lines as well as the more traditional museum-focused operation.
The Weka Pass Railway in North Canterbury, the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway in Northland, the Otago-based Dunedin Railways, and the Goldfields Steam Train Society in the Bay of Plenty were all founded during the early 1980s using stock retired by NZR.
In the case of Dunedin Railways (formerly known as Taieri Gorge Railway Limited), it was created by the OETT and the Dunedin City Council to preserve the 64-kilometre section of the Otago Central railway between Middlemarch and Wingatui through the Taieri Gorge for passenger operations after the New Zealand Railways Corporation closed the line in 1990.
In 1988, numerous preservation groups contributed to the Ferrymead 125 celebrations in Christchurch to mark 125 years since the first public railway opened in New Zealand.
With the retirement of the first-generation diesel locomotives, the Diesel Traction Group was founded in Christchurch in 1983 with an aim to preserve these locomotives.
Other groups and individuals started to acquire other first-generation diesel locomotives to add to their fleet, such as Steam Incorporated's two D class diesel locomotives which were purchased in 1988.
During this time, Ian Welch's Mainline Steam Trust emerged as a heritage operator with its fleet of preserved ex-NZR steam locomotives.
This period also witnessed the creation of other groups such as the Oamaru District Steam & Rail Society, the Grand Tapawera Railroad Company/Nelson Railway Society, the narrow-gauge Blenheim Riverside Railway, and special interest groups such as the Pahiatua Railcar Society.
Some groups, such as the Gisborne City Vintage Railway and the Feilding and District Steam Rail Society were formed to preserve a specific locomotive, in this case W 165 at Gisborne and the NZR&LS' W 794 at Ferrymead.
NZR's successor, Tranz Rail, did give further rolling stock to heritage groups, although a shortage of stock did see some of this recalled temporarily, while heritage diesel locomotives were leased from a private individual to alleviate the reduced number of locomotives.
During this time, the NFRS became the Federation of Rail Organisations of New Zealand (FRONZ) to reflect its railway and tramway group members.
In 1991 the Rail Heritage Trust of New Zealand was formed with former NZR executive Euan McQueen as its chair, to preserve former NZR buildings and rolling stock, which was leased to other groups.
The most ambitious heritage project to date is the Rimutaka Incline Railway, which proposes to construct from scratch a railway line over an existing historic formation abandoned in 1955.
This is the route of the former Rimutaka railway and Rimutaka Incline over a distance of some 20 km, including 5 km of the 1 in 15 incline worked by the Fell centre-rail system.
Although the Taieri Gorge Railway in Dunedin is a much longer and successful heritage railway at 60 km length, it has the advantage that all its track was still in place when it was set up in 1990.
The Rimutaka proposal faces many obstacles from the construction of new track and formation rehabilitation works, to the building of new locomotives of the Fell type.
Another ambitious project is currently being undertaken by the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Trust, which has recovered the remains of WMR No.
Although four ex-WMR coaches and a small number of wagons have survived into preservation, it was believed for many years that no Wellington and Manawatu Railway locomotives were still extant.
However, the remains of WMR N 9 (N 453) were found at Bealey on the Midland Line, and in 2003 the locomotive's frames were retrieved, followed by the tender tank, underframe, and bogie frames in 2005.
This locomotive will be paired with a replica of a WMR goods wagon to act as a support wagon on the main line.
He has a master's degree in philosophy from the National University of Colombia, and a Honoris Causa PhD from the University of Paris.
He left office as the president of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá in 1993, and later that year ran a successful campaign for mayor.
He proceeded to preside over Bogotá as mayor for two (non-consecutive) terms, during which he became known for springing surprising and humorous initiatives upon the city's inhabitants.
These tended to involve grand gestures, including local artists or personal appearances by the mayor himself—taking a shower in a commercial about conserving water, or walking the streets dressed in spandex and a cape as Supercitizen.
On 4 March 2010, he was elected in a public consultation as the Colombian Green Party candidate for the presidential election in 2010.
Mockus resigned from the Green Party in June 2011 because he opposed its Bogotá mayoral candidate being supported by former right-wing President Álvaro Uribe.
He became Senator of the Republic of Colombia in July 2018, after being the second candidate with the most votes in the legislative elections held on March 11, 2018.
He is also the president of the Corporación Visionarios por Colombia (Corpovisionarios), center of thought and non-profit action that investigates, advises, designs and implements actions to achieve voluntary changes in collective behavior.
He holds a 1972 Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from the University of Burgundy in Dijon, France and a 1988 Master of Arts degree in philosophy from the National University of Colombia.
He has been a professor and researcher at the university since 1975 and has served as its vice president (1988–1991) and president (1991–1993).
He resigned as University president during the aftermath but gained a higher public profile that benefited his subsequent run for the mayorship.
Under Mockus's leadership, Bogotá saw improvements such as: water usage dropped 40%, 7000 community security groups were formed and the homicide rate fell 70%, traffic fatalities dropped by over 50%, drinking water was provided to all homes (up from 79% in 1993), and sewerage was provided to 95% of homes (up from 71%).
Famous initiatives included hiring 420 mimes to make fun of traffic violators, because he believed Colombians were more afraid of being ridiculed than fined.
The city sponsored free open-air concerts, bars offered women-only specials, Ciclovia and the city's women police were in charge of keeping the peace.
Amassing political support mainly from Bogotá's middle and upper classes, he has been much less successful attracting voters in the national level.
The impact of Mockus and Peñalosa on the development of Bogotá is described in a documentary film released in October 2009 with the title CITIES ON SPEED – Bogotá Change.
In 2003 Mockus stepped down as mayor, to be replaced by Luis Eduardo Garzón, and took a year's sabbatical, traveling and speaking around the world.
In November, Mockus made a special trip to the University of Virginia to speak about the use of positive social mechanisms in relation to his tenure as the mayor of Bogotá.
In October 2004 he visited the Lithuanian community in Chicago, Illinois, which is the biggest Lithuanian community outside the Republic of Lithuania, and delivered a speech in his native Lithuanian language.
He is currently the President of Corpovisionarios, an organization that consults to cities about addressing their problems through the same policy methodology that was so successful during his terms as Mayor of Bogotá.
In between his two terms as mayor, Mockus ran an unsuccessful 1998 bid for the presidency, first in his own name and later as Noemí Sanín Posada's running mate.
In August 2009, Mockus and two other past mayors of Bogotá (Enrique Peñalosa and Luis Eduardo Garzón) joined a new political movement, Colombian Green Party and decided that one of them would run for office in the 2010 Colombian presidential elections.
Mockus, Peñalosa and Garzón embarked on an innovative campaign, in which they acknowledged and honored each other's qualifications and preparedness for the job, and telling people to choose whomever they liked best.
Through a popular consultation carried on 14 March 2010, which he won by a large margin, Mockus became the Colombian Green Party presidential candidate.
On 4 April 2010, Antanas Mockus chose Medellín's former mayor Sergio Fajardo as his running mate, unifying two groups at the center of the political spectrum.
Mockus finished second in the first round of voting, with 21.5% of the vote, qualifying him to participate in a runoff election with Juan Manuel Santos, which Mockus lost decisively with 27.5% of the vote.
It is located in the centre of Bunratty village (), by the N18 road between Limerick and Ennis, near Shannon Town and its airport.
The first recorded settlement at the site may have been a Norsemen settlement/trading camp reported in the Annals of the Four Masters to have been destroyed by Brian Boru in 977.
However, since no actual remains of this settlement have yet been found, its exact location is unknown and its existence is not proven.
Around 1250, King Henry III of England granted the cantred or district of Tradraighe (or Tradree) to Robert De Muscegros, who in 1251 cut down around 200 trees in the King's wood at Cratloe.
A later reference in the state papers, dating to 1253 gives de Muscegros the right to hold markets and an annual fair at Bunratty.
However, when a hotel was constructed there in 1959, John Hunt excavated the area and thought the remains to be that of a gun emplacement from the Confederate Wars (see below).
These lands were later handed back to (or taken back by) King Henry III and granted to Thomas De Clare, a descendant of Strongbow in 1276.
In that year a major battle was fought at Dysert O'Dea as part of the Irish Bruce Wars, in which both Thomas De Clare and his son Richard were killed.
He had been charged with letting the castle fall into the hands of Murtough O’Brien whilst serving as a Governor (Captain) of Bunratty.
At around 1500, Bunratty Castle came into the hands of the O'Briens (or O'Brians), the most powerful clan in Munster and later Earls of Thomond.
In 1558, the castle—now noted as one of the principal strongholds of Thomond—was taken by Thomas Radclyffe, the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from Donal O'Brien of Duagh, last King of Thomond (died 1579), and given to Donal's nephew, Connor O'Brien.
Donogh O'Brien, Conor's son, may have been the one to move the seat of the family from Clonroad (Ennis) to Bunratty.
During the Confederate Wars set off by the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Lord Forbes, commanding forces of the English Long Parliament, was allowed by the then Lord Barnabas O'Brien to occupy Bunratty in 1646.
Barnabas did not want to commit to either side in the struggle, playing off royalists, rebels and roundheads against each other.
Defence of the castle, whose position allowed those holding it to blockade maritime access to Limerick (held by the Confederates) and the river Shannon, was in the hands of Rear-Admiral Penn, the father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania.
Bunratty Castle remained property of the O'Briens and in the 1680s the castle was still the principal seat of the Earls of Thomond.
In 1712, Henry, the 8th and last Earl of Thomond (1688–1741) sold Bunratty Castle and of land to Thomas Amory for £225 and an annual rent of £120.
In 1956, the castle was purchased and restored by the 7th Viscount Gort, with assistance from the Office of Public Works.
Adi Kuini Teimumu Vuikaba Speed (23 December 1949 – 31 December 2004) was a Fijian chief and politician, who served as Deputy Prime Minister in 1999 and 2000.
She was the head girl at Adi Cakobau School in 1968, and went on to graduate from the University of the South Pacific and from the Australian National University in Canberra.
The widow of Fiji Labour Party founder and former Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra, Adi Kuini became the leader of the Labour Party after her husband's death in 1989, but resigned in 1991 to take up residence for a few years in Canberra, Australia.
Adi Kuini returned to Fiji in 1994 and became leader of the Fijian Association Party (FAP) in 1998 succeeding the former Finance Minister Josefata Kamikamica.
Forming a coalition with her former party, the Fiji Labour Party Adi Kuini became one of two Deputy Prime Ministers in the coalition government led by Mahendra Chaudhry.
After the coup had been put down, she refused to support the possible return of Chaudhry as Prime Minister, however, claiming that Fiji needed a less controversial leader to bring about reconciliation among Fiji's ethnic communities and repair fractured multiracial relations.
In poor health following repeated operations on a brain tumor, she contested the elections held to restore democracy in September 2001, but all of her party's candidates were defeated as the ethnic Fijian community rallied around the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) of Laisenia Qarase.
Adi Kuini was married three times, first to Military officer Savenaca Draunidalo (a Minister from 2001 to 2006), subsequently to Bavadra and finally to Clive Speed, a former Director of the Business Council of Australia.
She had four children (including the well-known lawyer Tupou Draunidalo, who became President of the National Federation Party in 2014 and was subsequently elected to Parliament that year) and eleven stepchildren.
Politicians remembered Adi Kuini as a committed Christian and champion of racial tolerance, and as one who fought for reform of the chiefly system by insisting on standards of accountability for all chiefs.
In the 1966 Quebec general election, the Ralliement national and the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale won about 8.8% of the popular vote and no seats.
In 1968, the Ralliement national agreed to merge with René Lévesque's Mouvement souveraineté-association to form the Parti Québécois under Lévesque's leadership.
At that point, sovereigntist forces in Quebec were united, and three elections later, the PQ won the 1976 Quebec general election, with historic consequences.
The valet performs personal services such as maintaining his employer's clothes, running his bath and perhaps (especially in the past) shaving his employer.
In a great house, the master of the house had his own valet, and in the very grandest great houses, other adult members of the employing family (e.g.
At a court, even minor princes and high officials may be assigned one, but in a smaller household the butler – the majordomo in charge of the household staff – might have to double as his employer's valet.
Some began as footmen, learning some relevant skills as part of that job, and picking up others when deputising for their master's valet, or by performing valeting tasks for his sons before they had a valet of their own, or for male guests who did not travel with a valet.
He was also responsible for making travel arrangements, dealing with any bills and handling all money matters concerning his master or his master's household.
Alexandre Bontemps, the most senior of the thirty-six valets to Louis XIV of France, was a powerful figure, who ran the Château de Versailles.
In courts, valet de chambre was a position of some status, often given to artists, musicians, poets and others, who generally spent most of their time on their specialized work.
The role was also, at least during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, a common first step or training period in a nobleman's career at court.
Of the rest of the land, 10.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (14.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
Most of the population () speaks German (94.6%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.7%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 1.1%).
Of the rest of the population, there are less than 5 individuals who belong to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 21 individuals (or about 0.76% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 16 individuals (or about 0.58% of the population) who belong to another Christian church.
There are less than 5 individuals who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 84 (or about 3.03% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 64 individuals (or about 2.31% of the population) did not answer the question.
An intelligence officer is a person employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization.
the United States' Central Intelligence Agency, the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS)) may spend much of their careers abroad.
Officers of domestic intelligence agencies (such as the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation, the UK's Security Service (MI5) and the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO)) are responsible for counter-terrorism, counter-espionage, counter-proliferation and the detection and prevention of serious organized crime within their own countries (although, in Britain, the National Crime Agency is responsible for dealing with serious organised crime).
Intelligence agents are individuals that work for or have been recruited by an Intelligence Officer, but who are not employed by the intelligence agency of the intelligence officer.
Contrary to popular belief or what is seen in Hollywood films, professionally trained intelligence officers are never referred to as agents, secret agents or special agents, (except in the case of FBI Special Agents).
Agents are the foreigners who betray their own countries to pass information to the officer; agents are also known as confidential informants or assets.
A special agent, in the United States, is usually an investigator or detective for a federal or state (and to a lesser degree county) government, who primarily serves in investigatory positions.
Within law enforcement agencies, these types of sources are often referred to as informants, confidential informants (CI-not to be confused with counterintelligence) or confidential human sources (CHS).
In general, some agents are federal law enforcement officers and hold either arrest authority or the right to conduct minor criminal/non-criminal investigations.
In some agencies, however, a Special agent may have both criminal and non-criminal investigatory authority but still have no authority to conduct major criminal investigations.
Additionally, most special agents are authorized to carry firearms both on and off duty due to their status as law enforcement officers.
Within the U.S. government, the title of special agent designates a general investigator in the GS-1810 job series, criminal investigator in the GS-1811 job series or a counterintelligence operations specialist in the GS-0132 job series according to the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) handbook.
Federal law enforcement training can be divided into various categories, the most common being basic, agency-specific basic (ASB), advanced/specialized, and agency-advanced/specialized.
To operate safely and effectively, U.S. special agents and criminal investigators must possess skills and knowledge regarding criminal and civil law and procedure, enforcement operations, physical techniques, and technical equipment, to mention a few.
While possession of a college degree can aid in obtaining employment in this profession, only extensive training provided at specialized facilities, combined with on-the-job training, can provide the skills and knowledge needed to perform the duties of a federal criminal investigator.
As of 2012, there were 13,913 FBI agents, as of 2016, there were approximately 6,500 ICE-Homeland Security investigations (HSI) agents, and as of 2011, there were 4,890 DEA agents in the United States.
Most U.S. special agents and federal criminal investigators receive their basic training at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC), including HSI, ATF, IRS-CI, USMS, USSS, DSS, AFOSI, NCIS and OIGs.
The FLETC also provides advanced and specialized training for most federal, state, local, tribal and non-U.S. law enforcement agencies willing to share in the cost.
The FLETC's basic training course for special agents, the Criminal Investigator Training Program (CITP), lasts about thirteen weeks, and may be given to persons if required for self-protection, depending on changes to program content or holidays.
Nevertheless, CITP only represents the beginning or basic training received by U.S. special agents not employed by the FBI, federal air marshals, DEA, or USPIS.
After completing the FLETC CITP, most agents immediately transition to training provided by their own agencies (hence the term agency-specific basic, or ASB), lasting another two to sixteen weeks and sometimes longer, depending on the agency.
Some smaller agencies, like the 64 offices of inspector general (OIGs), operate consolidated academies, such as the Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy (IGCIA), through which specialized but common ASB-type skills and knowledge are more economically taught.
So agents employed by the OIGs first attend CITP, then attend the IGCIA's IG Investigator Training Program (IGITP), then attend their own agencies' ASB training after completing IGITP, receiving a total of up to sixteen weeks or more of training before conducting their first investigation.
Many of the agencies utilizing FLETC maintain their individual academies for providing ASB and agency-specific advanced training on the same grounds as FLETC and share use of the same facilities.
Some agencies, such as the U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service and the U.S. Secret Service, conduct their ASB training in separate agency-owned and operated facilities.
Like the other academies, CDD provides basic training to postal inspectors in firearms, legal use of force, driving training, crime scene management, controlled deliveries, felony arrests, case management, case development, informant management, and surveillance, but also incorporates agency-specific basic training to help prepare the USPIS candidates in enforcing postal laws and federal mail statutes such as mail fraud, mail theft, and other mail related crimes.
In addition to basic training, CDD also provides advanced training for the postal inspectors, the uniformed postal police personnel, and the analysts.
The career of a federal special agent is one of regular training in new legal issues and investigative techniques, and frequently includes quarterly, if not monthly, refresher training in hand-to-hand defensive tactics, the use of weapons of less than lethal force, and regular qualification in the use of firearms.
The position of Special Treasury Agent was created, and until 1860 submitted reports to the Department of Treasury, through the Collectors of Customs in the Customs District in which they were employed.
The title special agent is commonly the official title assigned to individuals employed in that capacity, especially by the U.S. agencies described above (and for the reasons described below), whereas secret agent is less of an official title, but is used to describe individuals employed or engaged in espionage.
Special agents, like state, county, and municipal law enforcement officers, can, at various times, engage in secret or undercover activities as part of investigative operations, or counter-espionage assignments, during which they might be referred to as undercover agents.
At the management level, the head of a region or office might be called a special agent in charge, abbreviated as an SAC or SAIC.
The Deputy Special Agent in Charge (DSAC), acts as the operational manager for investigations and typically supervises Assistant Special Agents in Charge (ASAC's).
The issue of concurrent jurisdiction (in which multiple agencies have non-exclusive jurisdiction over a given set of the U.S. Code, such as the FBI, HSI and DEA in respect to drug laws) does not make the issue clearer.
However, special agents of many agencies can often enforce Title 18 (general criminal code) of the US Code included in their agency specific duties.
Some U.S. special agents have a larger number of titles, or just different titles, to enforce and with those titles sometimes include unique authorities.
Title 19 designation authorizes HSI special agents, CBP officers, Border Patrol Agents to perform border searches, which require no suspicion or warrant.
In another instance, HSI is normally the lead agency in matters with an articulable nexus to the U.S. border, including weapons and narcotics smuggling; financial crimes, money laundering and bulk cash smuggling; human trafficking or smuggling; counter-terrorism; counter proliferation; cybercrime; transnational gang activity; commercial fraud and intellectual property theft; human rights violations; immigration, document and benefit fraud; international art and antiquity theft; and import/export violations.
In these cases, only one criminal investigative agency is authorized or assigned jurisdiction over a particular Title or type of investigation.
Special agents of the ATF, FBI, ICE-Homeland Security Investigations, DEA, USSS, DSS, and USMS not only have the power to enforce the General Criminal Code (Title 18), but also applicable state and local laws if authorized by the state in which they are operating.
All DCIS, USACIDC, Army Counterintelligence, NCIS, and AFOSI special agents enjoy statutory law enforcement authority, although civilian and military agents derive their principal arrest authority from different federal statutes.
Other special agents, such as those employed by the National Park Service, have jurisdiction over crimes committed within the boundaries of or have a nexus to the lands managed by their agency or department only.
HSI special agents can also seize merchandise and articles introduced into the United States contrary to U.S. laws under Title 19 of the United States Code.
Certain active-duty special agents employed by the military have broad authority, when the nexus of the violation they are investigating occurred on military-controlled areas or there is a military connection.
All of the major Class I railroads, most regional carriers, and some local railways employ their own police departments whose officers carry the title special agent.
Railroad special agents are commissioned by the governor or other agency of the state they are employed in, are armed, and carry state arrest powers in all states in which their employing railroad owns property, if authorized by the state.
Their primary concern is policing crimes against the railroad, although they sometimes have the authority to police the general public, make arrests on public property, and enforce applicable local, state, or federal laws when necessary.
Railroad police and the term special agent, along with the Pinkerton Detective Agency, were models for the FBI when it was created in 1907.
Most commonly this title is seen within the state bureaus of investigation (SBI) which operate as a state-level detective agency/bureau for one of the 50 U.S. states.
Additionally, the Virginia State Police has investigators who are Special Agents, which conduct investigations into a broad range of matters and has Special Agents assigned to the Executive Protection unit the protects the sitting Governor.
VSP also has Trooper Agents, which are persons who are front line Troopers with marked police vehicles but are also Special Agents.
She was cast as Osama by the Afghan film director Siddiq Barmak, who picked her roaming on the streets of Kabul as a beggar.
Golbahari is married to Noorullah Azizi, who is also involved with the film industry in Afghanistan, and who also was not wealthy.
Golbahari and her husband are currently living in exile in an asylum shelter in France as Golbahari has received numerous death threats after being photographed at a South Korean film festival without her head covered.
They convert one isomer to another, meaning that the end product has the same molecular formula but a different physical structure.
Structural isomers have a different ordering of bonds and/or different bond connectivity from one another, as in the case of hexane and its four other isomeric forms (2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane).
Calculating isomerase kinetics from experimental data can be more difficult than for other enzymes because the use of product inhibition experiments is impractical.
That is, isomerization is not an irreversible reaction since a reaction vessel will contain one substrate and one product so the typical simplified model for calculating reaction kinetics does not hold.
The earliest use of this technique elucidated the kinetics and mechanism underlying the action of phosphoglucomutase, favoring the model of indirect transfer of phosphate with one intermediate and the direct transfer of glucose.
This technique was then adopted to study the profile of proline racemase and its two states: the form which isomerizes L-proline and the other for D-proline.
At high concentrations it was shown that the transition state in this interconversion is rate-limiting and that these enzyme forms may differ just in the protonation at the acidic and basic groups of the active site.
Racemases act upon molecules with one chiral carbon for inversion of stereochemistry, whereas epimerases target molecules with multiple chiral carbons and act upon one of them.
A molecule with only one chiral carbon has two enantiomeric forms, such as serine having the isoforms D-serine and L-serine differing only in the absolute configuration about the chiral carbon.
Isomerization at one chiral carbon of several yields epimers, which differ from one another in absolute configuration at just one chiral carbon.
These isomers are not distinguished by absolute configuration but rather by the position of substituent groups relative to a plane of reference, as across a double bond or relative to a ring structure.
A classic example of ring opening and contraction is the isomerization of glucose (an aldehyde with a six-membered ring) to fructose (a ketone with a five-membered ring).
The overall reaction involves the opening of the ring to form an aldose via acid/base catalysis and the subsequent formation of a cis-endiol intermediate.
The isomerase opens the ring: its His388 residue protonates the oxygen on the glucose ring (and thereby breaking the O5-C1 bond) in conjunction with Lys518 deprotonating the C1 hydroxyl oxygen.
A cis-endiol intermediate is created and the C1 oxygen is protonated by the catalytic residue, accompanied by the deprotonation of the endiol C2 oxygen.
The second Asp is located on the opposite side of the active side and it protonates the molecule, effectively adding a proton from the back side.
Chorismate mutase is an intramolecular transferase and it catalyzes the conversion of chorismate to prephenate, used as a precursor for L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine in some plants and bacteria.
This reaction is a Claisen rearrangement that can proceed with or without the isomerase, though the rate increases 10 fold in the presence of chorismate mutase.
Experimental evidence indicates that the isomerase selectively binds the chair transition state, though the exact mechanism of catalysis is not known.
It is thought that this binding stabilizes the transition state through electrostatic effects, accounting for the dramatic increase in the reaction rate in the presence of the mutase or upon addition of a specifically-placed cation in the active site.
Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase type I (also known as IPP isomerase) is seen in cholesterol synthesis and in particular it catalyzes the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP).
Phosphohexose Isomerase Dificiency (PHI) is also known as phosphoglucose isomerase deficiency or Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase deficiency, and is a hereditary enzyme deficiency.
PHI is the second most frequent erthoenzyopathy in glycolysis besides pyruvate kinase deficiency, and is associated with non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia of variable severity.
Diagnosis is made on the basis of the clinical picture in association with biochemical studies revealing erythrocyte GPI deficiency (between 7 and 60% of normal) and identification of a mutation in the GPI gene by molecular analysis.
As in humans, the hemolytic syndrome, which is characterized by a diminished erythrocyte number, lower hematocrit, lower hemoglobin, higher number of reticulocytes and plasma bilirubin concentration, as well as increased liver- and spleen-somatic indices, was exclusively manifested in homozygous mutants.
The most common mutation is the substitution of gene, Glu104Asp, which produces the most severe phenotype, and is responsible for approximately 80% of clinical TPI deficiency.
Most patients with TPI for Glu104Asp mutation or heterozygous for a TPI null allele and Glu104Asp have a life expectancy of infancy to early childhood.
These cases involve two brothers from Hungary, one who did not develop neurological symptoms until the age of 12, and the older brother who has no neurological symptoms and suffers from anemia only.
TPI is detected through deficiency of enzymatic activity and the build-up of dihyroxyacetone phosphate(DHAP), which is a toxic substrate, in erythrocytes.
Because of the range of symptoms TPI causes, a team of specialist may be needed to provide treatment to a single individual.
That team of specialists would consists of pediatricians, cardiologists, neurologists, and other healthcare professionals, that can develop a comprehensive plan of action.
Isomerization is more specific than older chemical methods of fructose production, resulting in a higher yield of fructose and no side products.
High-fructose corn syrup is preferred by many confectionery and soda manufacturers because of the high sweetening power of fructose (twice that of sucrose), its relatively low cost and its inability to crystallize.
Major issues of the use of glucose isomerase involve its inactivation at higher temperatures and the requirement for a high pH (between 7.0 and 9.0) in the reaction environment.
Overall, extensive research in genetic engineering has been invested into optimizing glucose isomerase and facilitating its recovery from industrial applications for re-use.
The most efficient substrates are those similar to glucose and xylose, having equatorial hydroxyl groups at the third and fourth carbons.
The current model for the mechanism of glucose isomerase is that of a hydride shift based on X-ray crystallography and isotope exchange studies.
Some isomerases associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or anchored through a single transmembrane helix, for example isomerases with the thioredoxin domain, and certain prolyl isomerases.
The species was introduced into North Africa millennia ago, such a long time that it is essentially indistinguishable from being native.
In Greece, although the species is not widely distributed, an extensive stone pine forest exists in western Peloponnese at Strofylia on the peninsula separating the Kalogria Lagoon from the Mediterranean Sea.
Another location in Greece is at Koukounaries on the northern Aegean island of Skiathos at the southwest corner of the island.
In Western Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion in Turkey; and the Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregion in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel.
In the Western Cape Province, where the pines were according to legend planted by the French Huguenot refugees who settled at the Cape of Good Hope during the late 17th century and brought the seeds with them from France.
In youth, it is a bushy globe, in mid-age an umbrella canopy on a thick trunk, and, in maturity, a broad and flat crown over in width.
Young trees up to 5–10 years old bear juvenile leaves, which are very different, single (not paired), long, glaucous blue-green; the adult leaves appear mixed with juvenile leaves from the fourth or fifth year on, replacing it fully by around the tenth year.
The wing is ineffective for wind dispersal, and the seeds are animal-dispersed, originally mainly by the Iberian magpie, but in recent history largely by humans.
The tree has been cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region for so long that it has naturalized, and is often considered native beyond its natural range.
The tree is among the symbols of Rome, where many historic Roman roads, such as the Via Appia, are embellished with lines of stone pines.
It is also planted in western Europe up to southern Scotland, and on the East Coast of the United States up to New Jersey.
It feeds on the sap of developing conifer cones throughout its life, and its sap-sucking causes the developing seeds to wither and misdevelop.
The Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor is one of the Hugo Awards given each year for science fiction or fantasy stories published or translated into English during the previous calendar year.
Beginning in 2007, the award was split into two categories, that of Best Editor (Short Form) and Best Editor (Long Form).
The Short Form award is for editors of anthologies, collections or magazines, while the Long Form award is for editors of novels.
To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1951, and 1954, and in each case an award for professional editor was given.
During the 54 nomination years, 70 editors have been nominated for the original Best Professional Editor, the Short Form, or the Long Form award, including Retro Hugos.
Of these, Gardner Dozois has received the most awards, with 15 original awards out of 19 nominations for the original category and 1 out of 2 for the Short Form.
The only other editors to win more than three awards are Ben Bova, who won 6 of 8 nominations for the original award, Ellen Datlow, who won 7 of 17 nominations, split between the original and short form awards, and John W. Campbell, Jr. with 7 out of 7 nominations for the Retro Hugo awards.
The two editors who have won three times are Edward L. Ferman with 3 out of 20 original nominations and Patrick Nielsen Hayden with 3 out of 3 Long Form nominations.
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event.
The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie.
The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated.
Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.
Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.
Although the Best Professional Editor award is not given explicitly for any particular editing effort and such works are not recorded by the World Science Fiction Society, works that the editor in question was involved with in the eligibility period are listed.
This list includes magazines or anthologies that the editor worked on and publishing houses that he or she was employed at, and is not intended to be comprehensive.
Entries with a blue background and an asterisk (*) next to the editor's name have won the award; those with a white background are the nominees on the short-list.
Starting with the 2007 awards, the Professional Editor award was split into two categories: Best Editor (Long Form) and Best Editor (Short Form).
The 1939, 1941, 1943, and 1944 Retro Hugos were awarded 75 years later, the other three were given 50 years later.
In 1946, 1951, and 1954 the award was given for Best Professional Editor, as the category had not been split, while for the others it was given for Short Form only, as Long Form did not have enough responses to make a ballot.
Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
A combination of both an elimination and a Michael addition is seen in O-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase (MetY or MetZ) which catalyses first the γ-elimination of O-succinylhomoserine (with succinate as a leaving group) and then the addition of sulfide to the vinyl intermediate, this reaction was first classified as a lyase (EC 4.2.99.9), but was then reclassified as a transferase (EC 2.5.1.48).
Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield (5 September 1664 – 17 February 1718), formerly Lady Charlotte Fitzroy, was the illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England by one of his best known mistresses, Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland.
Known for her beauty, she was married at age 12 to her husband, Edward Henry Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, with whom she had a large family.
Charlotte Lee was born Charlotte Fitzroy, on 5 September 1664, the fourth child and second daughter of Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine, the only child of the Royalist commander William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison.
Castlemaine did not father any of his wife's children; Charlotte and her siblings were the illegitimate offspring of their mother's royal lover, Charles II.
Charlotte was the favourite niece of James, Duke of York, younger brother of Charles II, who would later reign as King James II.
As a child, Charlotte was painted by the court painter Sir Peter Lely, Charles II's Principal Painter in Ordinary, in which she is seated with her Indian page, holding a bunch of grapes and dressed in pink silk.
On 16 May 1674, before her tenth birthday, Lady Charlotte was contracted to marry Sir Edward Lee, and they were married on 6 February 1677, in her thirteenth year.
How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying is a musical by Frank Loesser and book by Abe Burrows, Jack Weinstock, and Willie Gilbert, based on Shepherd Mead's 1952 book of the same name.
The musical, starring Robert Morse and Rudy Vallée, opened at the 46th Street Theatre on Broadway in October 1961, running for 1,417 performances.
In 1967, a film based on the musical was released by United Artists, with Morse and Vallee re-creating their stage roles.
A 50th-anniversary Broadway revival directed and choreographed by Rob Ashford and starring Daniel Radcliffe and John Larroquette opened on March 27, 2011, at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre and ran for 473 performances.
Agent Abe Newborn brought the work to the attention of producers Cy Feuer and Ernest Martin, with the intention of retooling it as a musical.
According to Burrows, it soon became clear in rehearsals that Lambert's creative abilities were completely used up in that one elaborate dance number.
Burrows also reveals that another crisis arose in rehearsals when former recording star Rudy Vallée wanted to interpolate some of his hit songs from the 1930s.
Finch tells Bratt that Biggley sent him, and Bratt gives him a job in the mailroom, where he works with Mr. Biggley's lazy, arrogant, and nepotism-minded nephew Bud Frump.
Twimble and Bratt are impressed by Finch's apparent selflessness, and Bratt offers him a job as a junior executive in the Plans and Systems department, headed by Mr. Gatch.
With the book's help, Finch realizes that Biggley must be Hedy's advocate and sends her on an errand to Gatch, knowing that Gatch will make a pass at her.
Gatch falls for the trap and is dispatched to Venezuela, and Finch is promoted to his position as head of Plans and Systems.
She decides to quit, but her fellow secretaries convince her to stay because she's living their dream of marrying an executive.
Bud Frump slyly tells Finch his idea for a treasure hunt, which Finch loves, unaware that Biggley has already heard the idea and rejected it.
Biggley accepts this idea when Finch explains that each clue will be given by the scantily-dressed World Wide Wicket Treasure Girl: Miss Hedy LaRue.
During the first television show, Hedy is asked to swear on a Bible that she doesn't know the location of the prizes.
Hedy panics and reveals the locations to the entire television audience, which prompts all the Wicket employees to tear apart the offices looking for them.
Biggley remains president, Womper retires to travel the world with his new wife, Hedy, and Finch becomes Chairman of the Board.
The show opened on Broadway on October 14, 1961 at the 46th Street Theatre, and closed on March 6, 1965 after 1,417 performances.
The cast starred Robert Morse as Finch, Bonnie Scott as his secretary Rosemary, Charles Nelson Reilly as Bud Frump, and Rudy Vallée as the company president.
Warren Berlinger and Billy De Wolfe starred as Finch and Biggley respectively, with Patricia Michael as Rosemary, Josephine Blake as Smitty, David Knight as Bud Frump, Olive Lucius as Miss Jones, Bernard Spear as Mr. Twimble, and Eileen Gourlay as Hedy La Rue.
A Broadway revival opened at the original theatre, now renamed the Richard Rodgers Theatre, on March 23, 1995 and closed on July 14, 1996 after 548 performances.
The cast also included Ronn Carroll as J.B. Biggley, Victoria Clark as Smitty, Jeff Blumenkrantz as Bud Frump, and, in a pre-recorded performance, Walter Cronkite as the Book Voice.
Ralph Macchio was offered the role of Finch when Broderick left the show, but opted to take the role in the touring cast instead.
The wardrobe was designed by Susan Hilferty and is on display at the Costume World Broadway Collection in Pompano Beach, Florida.
The national tour cast featured Ralph Macchio as J. Pierrepont Finch, Shauna Hicks (Rosemary Pilkington), Richard Thomsen (J.B. Biggley), Pamela Blair (Hedy LaRue), and Roger Bart (Bud Frump).
Radcliffe starred in the revival for ten months, which began previews at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on February 26, 2011, with the official opening on March 27, 2011.
Other cast included John Larroquette as J.B. Biggley, Rose Hemingway as Rosemary Pilkington, Mary Faber as Smitty, Tammy Blanchard as Hedy La Rue, and Christopher Hanke as Bud Frump.
The production was nominated for nine 2011 Tony Awards, including for director-choreographer Rob Ashford and as Best Revival of a Musical.
Robert Morse, Rudy Vallée, Michele Lee (who replaced Bonnie Scott as Rosemary during the show's Broadway run), Sammy Smith and Ruth Kobart recreated their roles for the film, and Fosse again choreographed.
The musical was adapted by Abe Burrows for a television production starring Alan Bursky, Susan Blanchard and Larry Haines, directed by Burt Brinckerhoff.
Silver Lake State Park is a state park located near the south end of Silver Lake in the Town of Castile in Wyoming County, New York.
Critics have held the illustrative detail of the book in high regard, but have expressed divided opinions of the story; some consider it to be among the most mature and emotionally resonant entries in the series, while others fault it for downplaying the humour seen in previous volumes in favour of the scientific focus of the narrative.
Professor Calculus, Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock, and Calculus' assistant Frank Wolff are aboard an atomic rocket-powered spacecraft leaving the Earth bound for the Moon.
Soon after takeoff they discover that the detectives Thomson and Thompson have accidentally stowed away on board, putting a strain on the oxygen supply.
The detectives accidentally turn off the nuclear motor, disrupting the artificial gravity and sending everyone floating until Tintin corrects the problem.
Haddock, who has smuggled whisky aboard the rocket, gets drunk and takes an impromptu spacewalk, during which he briefly becomes a satellite of the asteroid Adonis, but Tintin is able to rescue him.
Next day, Calculus and Wolff set up optical instruments to begin observational work on the Moon while Tintin and Haddock build the Moon tank.
Two days later, Haddock, Wolff and Tintin take the Moon tank to explore some stalactite caves in the direction of the Ptolemaeus Crater; inside a cave Snowy slips into an ice-covered chasm, but Tintin rescues him.
Later aboard the ship, Tintin is overwhelmed by a third stowaway, Colonel Jorgen, a spy who had been smuggled aboard by Wolff, who has been blackmailed by a foreign power for which Jorgen works.
With Wolff's help, Jorgen seeks to hijack the ship and return it to Earth, but is foiled by Tintin through emergency sabotage that cuts power to the engine.
Due to the strain on the oxygen supplies, the crew decides to abandon the Moon tank and the optical instruments and to cut short the lunar stay.
Halfway to Earth, Jorgen escapes his bonds thanks to the detectives' bungling and tries to kill Tintin and the others; Wolff seeks to prevent him, and in their struggle over a gun Jorgen is killed.
When it is revealed that there will not be enough oxygen aboard for the crew to survive the journey, Wolff sacrifices himself by opening the airlock and floating out into space to his death.
Upon approaching Earth, the crew fall unconscious, but Tintin wakes long enough to set the rocket to auto-pilot and it arrives back in Syldavia safely.
To ensure this realism, he collected a wide range of documents about rockets and space travel with which to conduct research.
He also visited the Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi's Center for Atomic Research, striking up a subsequent correspondence with its director, Max Hoyaux.
Hergé incorporated much of this technical information into the story, but juxtaposed it with moments of humour to make it more accessible to his young readership.
The computer system at the Sprodj space centre was visually based upon the UNIVAC I, the first computer to be created for non-military purposes.
Hergé based his Moon rocket on the designs of the V-2 rocket which had been developed by German scientists during World War II.
He took the model to Paris where he showed it to Ananoff, asking him if it was a realistic representation of what a Moon rocket might look like.
On 18 April 1951, he published an open letter in the magazine explaining his absence as a result of illness caused by exhaustion and included an illustration of himself sprawled out on an armchair.
Upon the serial's publication, Hergé faced criticism for including Wolff's suicide in the story; suicide was widely viewed as a sin in Catholic-dominated Belgium.
Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule to smaller molecules.
An example of crucial esterase is the acetylcholine esterase, which assists in transforming the neuron impulse into acetic acid after it the hydrolase breaks the acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
In lipids, lipases contribute to the breakdown of fats and lipoproteins and other larger molecules into smaller molecules like fatty acids and glycerol.
The story follows the attempts of the young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy, and his friend Captain Haddock to rescue their friend Professor Calculus, who has developed a machine capable of destroying objects with sound waves, from kidnapping attempts by the competing European countries of Borduria and Syldavia.
The story reflected the Cold War tensions that Europe was experiencing during the 1950s, and introduced three recurring characters into the series: Jolyon Wagg, Cutts the Butcher, and Colonel Sponsz.
Gunshots are heard in the Hall's grounds, and Tintin and Haddock discover a wounded man with a foreign accent who soon disappears.
Tintin and Haddock use the opportunity to investigate Calculus' laboratory, there discovering that his experiments were responsible for the glass-shattering of the previous night.
While exploring, they are attacked by a stranger, who then escapes; fearing that Calculus is in danger, Tintin, Haddock, and Snowy head for Geneva.
The group travel there in a taxi, but their car is attacked by two men in another car, who force the taxi into Lake Geneva.
Tintin surmises that Calculus had invented an ultrasonic device capable of being used as a weapon of mass destruction, which both Syldavian and Bordurian intelligence agents are now seeking to obtain.
Discovering that Bordurian spies have kidnapped Calculus and are holding him hostage in their Rolle embassy, Tintin and Haddock seek to rescue him, but during the attempt he is captured by Syldavian agents, who are able to escape by plane to their home country.
The next morning, Tintin and Haddock learn that Bordurian fighter aircraft forced down the Syldavian plane and captured Calculus, who is now being held in Borduria.
In the city, they are escorted to their hotel by agents of the Bordurian secret police, who have been ordered by police chief Colonel Sponsz to monitor the duo.
Aware that they are being monitored, Tintin and Haddock escape the hotel and hide in the opera house, where Bianca Castafiore is performing.
When Sponsz comes to visit Castafiore in her dressing room, Tintin is able to steal papers from his overcoat pocket that will secure Calculus' release from the fortress of Bakhine.
After disguising themselves as officials from the Red Cross, Tintin and Haddock are able to get Calculus released from prison and with him escape from Borduria in a tank.
Meanwhile, Calculus reveals that he forgot to take his plans for the ultrasonic device with him to Geneva, and that he had left them at home all along; he announces his intention to destroy the plans so they cannot be used to create a weapon.
Haddock's fit of rage over the plans literally burning up in his face leaves the hard-of-hearing Calculus believing that Haddock has chickenpox; Calculus relays this to Wagg, who moves his family out of Marlinspike Hall to avoid a contagious disease.
Before working on the book, Hergé would make sketches in pencil; subsequently he would work over the drawings and text in ink.
With the development of his own Studios Hergé, he selected the best sketch from a number of versions and traced it onto the page he was creating.
Hergé used his brother, Paul Remi, as the model for Sponsz, although he was also influenced by the image of the Austrian American filmmaker Erich von Stroheim.
He also requested that his Swiss friend Charly Fornora send him a bottle of Valais wine, which he could again use as a model from which to draw.
Hergé subsequently travelled to Switzerland in person to produce accurate sketches of scenes around Geneva, which he could then incorporate into the story; these included at Geneva Cointrin International Airport, Genève-Cornavin railway station, and the Cornavin Hotel, as well as the road through Cervens and Topolino's house in Nyon.
As evidence for the accuracy of Hergé's depiction of an Eastern Bloc city, Farr highlighted that Borduria's Kûrvi-Tasch Platz closely resembled East Berlin's Platz der Republik, which would only be completed in the 1970s.
The idea of a sonic weapon was one that had been unsuccessfully pioneered by German scientists under the control of Albert Speer during World War II.
In the strip, Hergé preserved the English language title of the book rather than translating it into French, although altered the book's cover design to remove a prominent swastika.
Hergé's decision to name a character Topolino was a reference to Walt Disney, whose character of Mickey Mouse was known as Topolino in Italian.
For this volume Hergé had designed a front cover; initially, it simply showed Tintin and Haddock hiding Calculus from Bordurian soldiers, but he subsequently added shattered yellow glass around the edges of the image for dramatic effect.
In 1991, a collaboration between the French studio Ellipse and the Canadian animation company Nelvana adapted 21 of the stories into a series of episodes, each 22 minutes long.
South Oyster Bay or East Bay is a natural harbor along the western portion of the south shore of Long Island in New York in the United States.
It links to Great South Bay on its eastern end and opens to the Atlantic Ocean through inlets on either side of Jones Beach Island.
The slit-scan photography technique is a photographic and cinematographic process where a moveable slide, into which a slit has been cut, is inserted between the camera and the subject to be photographed.
Originally used in static photography to achieve blurriness or deformity, the slit-scan technique was perfected for the creation of spectacular animations.
Due to the expense and difficulty of this technique, the same three warp-entry shots, all created by Industrial Light and Magic for the series pilot, were reused throughout the series virtually every time the ship went into warp.
Its principle is based upon the camera’s relative movement in relation to a light source, combined with a long exposure time.
They are involved in hundreds of different biochemical pathways throughout biology, and are integral to some of life's most important processes.
Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
The transfer involves the removal of the growing amino acid chain from the tRNA molecule in the A-site of the ribosome and its subsequent addition to the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P-site.
Prior to the realization that individual enzymes were capable of such a task, it was believed that two or more enzymes enacted functional group transfers.
This in turn would pave the way for the possibility that similar transfers were a primary means of producing most amino acids via amino transfer.
In 1953, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was shown to be a transferase, when it was found that it could reversibly produce UTP and G1P from UDP-glucose and an organic pyrophosphate.
This discovery was a large part of the reason for Julius Axelrod’s 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Sir Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler).
For example, methylamine:L-glutamate N-methyltransferase would be the standard naming convention for the transferase methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase, where methylamine is the donor, L-glutamate is the acceptor, and methyltransferase is the EC category grouping.
For example, RNA Polymerase is the modern common name for what was formerly known as RNA nucleotidyltransferase, a kind of nucleotidyl transferase that transfers nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing RNA strand.
Described primarily based on the type of biochemical group transferred, transferases can be divided into ten categories (based on the EC Number classification).
Hydrogen is not considered a functional group when it comes to transferase targets; instead, hydrogen transfer is included under oxidoreductases, due to electron transfer considerations.
Transfer of acyl groups or acyl groups that become alkyl groups during the process of being transferred are key aspects of EC 2.3.
As an aminoacyltransferase, it catalyzes the transfer of a peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA, following this reaction: peptidyl-tRNA + aminoacyl-tRNA formula_2 tRNA + peptidyl aminoacyl-tRNA.
Glycosyltransferase is a subcategory of EC 2.4 transferases that is involved in biosynthesis of disaccharides and polysaccharides through transfer of monosaccharides to other molecules.
Cysteine synthase, for example, catalyzes the formation of acetic acids and cysteine from O-acetyl-L-serine and hydrogen sulfide: O-acetyl-L-serine + HS formula_2 L-cysteine + acetate.
In the case of aspartate transaminase, which can act on tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, it reversibly transfers an amino group from one molecule to the other.
Transfer of sulfur-containing groups is covered by EC 2.8 and is subdivided into the subcategories of sulfurtransferases, sulfotransferases, and CoA-transferases, as well as enzymes that transfer alkylthio groups.
The full name of A transferase is alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and its function in the cell is to add N-acetylgalactosamine to H-antigen, creating A-antigen.
The full name of B transferase is alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase, and its function in the cell is to add a galactose molecule to H-antigen, creating B-antigen.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (also known as CPT-II deficiency) leads to an excess long chain fatty acids, as the body lacks the ability to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria to be processed as a fuel source.
The myopathic is the least severe form of the deficiency and can manifest at any point in the lifespan of the patient.
This deficiency occurs when the gene for galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) has any number of mutations, leading to a deficiency in the amount of GALT produced.
Galactosemia renders infants unable to process the sugars in breast milk, which leads to vomiting and anorexia within days of birth.
Currently, the only available treatment is early diagnosis followed by adherence to a diet devoid of lactose, and prescription of antibiotics for infections that may develop.
ChAT functions to transfer an acetyl group from acetyl co-enzyme A to choline in the synapses of nerve cells and exists in two forms: soluble and membrane bound.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease show a 30 to 90% reduction in activity in several regions of the brain, including the temporal lobe, the parietal lobe and the frontal lobe.
Low levels of ChAT activity are an early indication of the disease and are detectable long before motor neurons begin to die.
Though the specific cause of the reduced production is not clear, it is believed that the death of medium-sized motor neurons with spiny dendrites leads to the lower levels of ChAT production.
Patients with Schizophrenia also exhibit decreased levels of ChAT, localized to the mesopontine tegment of the brain and the nucleus accumbens, which is believed to correlate with the decreased cognitive functioning experienced by these patients.
These defects in the medulla could lead to an inability to control essential autonomic functions such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
CMS is a family of diseases that are characterized by defects in neuromuscular transmission which leads to recurrent bouts of apnea (inability to breathe) that can be fatal.
It accomplishes both of these tasks by adding deoxynucleotides in the form of a template to the downstream end or 3' end of an existing DNA molecule.
Further, glutathione transferase genes have been investigated due to their ability to prevent oxidative damage and have shown improved resistance in transgenic cultigens.
These efforts are focused on sequencing the subunits of the rubber transferase enzyme complex in order to transfect these genes into other plants.
Many transferases associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or anchored to membranes through a single transmembrane helix, for example numerous glycosyltransferases in Golgi apparatus.
As the putative son of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine, his nominal father, he was styled Lord Limerick from birth.
His birth marked the separation of his parents; Lord Castlemaine, a Roman Catholic, had him baptised into the Roman Catholic faith, but six days later the King had him re-christened into the Church of England.
In 1670, at the age of eight, he was betrothed to Mary Wood, only child and sole heiress of Sir Henry Wood, 1st Baronet, Clerk of the Green Cloth, but with the proviso that the marriage be delayed until Mary was aged sixteen.
Following the death of her father, the Duchess of Cleveland more or less abducted Mary, with the intention of bringing her up with her own children.
The marriage to Mary Wood took place in 1679, but within months the new Duchess had died of smallpox, leaving no children of the marriage.
On the death of his mother in 1709 the Duke became also second Duke of Cleveland, by a special remainder in the grant of the dukedom which set aside his illegitimacy.
Upon completion, they are assigned a four-digit Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) code, which identifies a specific skill within their standard rating.
For example, some billets might not only require a hospital corpsman first class, but might specify that he/she has NEC 8402 (Submarine Force Independent Duty), NEC 8403 (Fleet Marine Forces Reconnaissance Independent Duty Corpsman), or any other of several NECs depending upon the billet's requirements.
On September 29, 2016, the United States Navy discontinued enlisted ratings after 241 years of use in an effort to modernize the classification system.
Naval sailors were thereafter to be referred to solely by their rate and would hold a Navy Operations Specialty (NOS) instead of a rating.
The rating symbols depicted for each rating badge listed below (except for the rating badge of a command master chief) is boatswain's mate.
They are divided into five definable groups, with colored group rate marks designating the group to which they belong: Seaman, fireman, airman, constructionman, and hospitalman.
One of three apprentice devices may be worn above the rank insignia, which denotes the sailor is an apprentice in a particular field and is in search of a rating to join.
Sailors who have gone directly to a base, station, or ship without any specialized training are eligible to select a career field, and through correspondence courses and extensive on-the-job training, may qualify for a rating.
If a sailor has qualified for a rate, but has not yet become a petty officer, he is called a designated striker, and is identified by a striker's badge that displays the sailor's rating, along with his group rate marks.
Petty officers perform not only the duties of their specific career field but also serve as leaders to junior enlisted personnel.
They must take responsibility for their subordinates, address grievances, inform the chain of command on matters pertaining to good order and discipline, and may even have to place personnel on report.
They were originally appointed by the ship's captain and usually held such appointments while serving under the captain who selected them.
The Eagle faced left or right on the rating emblem depending on which sleeve the badge was worn, usually to the wearer's front.
Other rates, which were equivalent to shore activities, such as Administration or Medical, were worn on the left sleeve, so the Eagle on those insignia faced left, so that they would be facing forward on the wearer.
The authority to wear gold rating badges and service stripes on the dress blue and working coverall uniform is granted when a sailor completes twelve consecutive years of service.
Prior to June 2019, those years had to be have been without any official record of bad conduct due to punitive action via non-judicial punishment or courts martial.
Black cloth with red or gold embroidered stripes is used on the winter uniforms, while white cloth with black embroidered stripes is used on the summer uniforms, and medium blue cloth with red or gold embroidered stripes is used on the working coverall, depending on whether or not they have less or more than 12 years of service respectively.
Advancement to chief petty officer (E-7) or above requires a board review by existing master chief petty officers beyond the normal examination score and performance evaluation process.
In the U.S. Navy, chief petty officers are specifically tasked, in writing, with the duty of training junior officers (ensign, lieutenant (j.g.
At that time nearly all sailors who had carried the rate of petty officer first class since 1885 were advanced to chief petty officer, with the exception of schoolmasters, ship's writers, and carpenter's mates.
To be eligible for advancement to senior chief petty officer, a chief petty officer must have had three years in the current grade.
It consists of a fouled anchor (an anchor that is entangled with its chain) with the initials U S N in silver, superimposed, with stars above the anchor to indicate higher pay grades, similar to the dress blue insignia.
After attaining the rate of master chief petty officer, a sailor may choose to further his or her career by becoming a command master chief petty officer (CMDCM).
A CMDCM is considered to be the senior-most enlisted service member within a command, and is the special assistant to the commanding officer in all matters pertaining to the health, welfare, job satisfaction, morale, utilization, advancement and training of the command's enlisted personnel.
CMCs can be Command level (within a single unit, such as a ship or shore station), Fleet level (squadrons consisting of multiple operational units, headed by a flag officer or commodore), or Force level (consisting of a separate community within the Navy, such as Subsurface, Air, Reserves).
On July 30, 2015, the Navy formally established the rating of command senior chief (CMDCS); before then from 2005 to 2015 it had been a billet instead of a rating.
For example, there could be a senior chief boatswain's mate acting as command senior chief or a master chief personnelman who acts as the command master chief.
The CMDCM rate insignia are similar to the insignia for master chief, except that the rating symbol is replaced by an inverted five-point star, reflecting a change in their rating from their previous rating (e.g.
Additionally, CMDCMs wear a badge, worn on their left breast pocket (for males) or above the nametag (for females), denoting their title (Command/Fleet/Force).
The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) is the senior enlisted person in the Navy, appointed by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) to serve as a spokesperson to address the issues of enlisted personnel to the highest positions in the Navy.
Exact duties vary, depending on the CNO, though the duties generally include traveling throughout the Navy, observing training and talking to sailors and their families.
The MCPON serves on several boards concerned with enlisted members, represents the Department of the Navy at special events, and may be called upon to testify before Congress regarding enlisted personnel issues.
The MCPON's current insignia is similar to that of Fleet, Force, or CMDCMs, with the addition of a third star above the crow or anchor.
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.
Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Earle Bryan Combs (May 14, 1899 – July 21, 1976) was an American professional baseball player who played his entire career for the New York Yankees (1924–1935).
He is one of six players on that team who have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame; the other five are Waite Hoyt, Herb Pennock, Tony Lazzeri, Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth.
Combs led the league in triples three times and was among the top ten in the category in several other seasons.
He suffered a fractured skull and other injuries from a crash into an outfield wall in 1934, then retired after another injury the next season.
As a child, he played baseball games with tree limbs as bats and with baseballs made out of string and the material of old shoes.
They were often responsible for forty or more students, ranging in age from six to teen-age in grades one through eight, so the work required much management skill.
In his first year at Eastern, Combs put on a stellar performance in a faculty-student baseball game and was encouraged to join the school team by Dr. Charles Keith (Dean of Men and baseball coach).
After graduating from Eastern, Combs went back to his native Owsley County and taught in one-room schoolhouses in both Ida May and Levi.
He played for High Splint (Harlan County coal company team) in the Pine Mountain League (summer of 1921) and hit .444.
After scouting him, Louisville offered him a contract which provided a salary that exceeded the $37 per month ($ today) he made as a teacher in Owsley County.
Combs soon found his stride, hitting .344 in 1922 and .380 in 1923 for the Colonels and also earning a reputation for speedy ball-hawking in the outfield and reckless base- stealing on offense.
In 1924, the New York Yankees won a spirited bidding war and bought Combs' contract for $50,000 ($ in current dollar terms).
This was a rather large sum at that time, but it bore fruit for the Yankees as Combs proved an immediate success in New York.
In his rookie season (summer of 1924), Combs played center field and hit .400 before breaking an ankle sliding into home plate at Cleveland's League Park on June 15.
In his best year (1927), he hit .356 with 231 hits, 131 runs scored, 36 doubles and a league-leading 23 triples.
On a 100+-degree day at St. Louis' Sportsman's Park, he crashed into the outfield wall going for a fly ball, sustaining a fractured skull, a broken shoulder and a damaged knee.
That injury, coupled with the knowledge that the Yankees were set to bring up a rookie center fielder named Joe DiMaggio the next season, led to Combs' decision to retire at the age of 36.
For his career Combs hit .325, had an on-base average of .397 and averaged nearly 200 hits, 75 walks and only 31 strikeouts a season.
He hit no lower than .282 in any of his eleven seasons, and scored no fewer than 113 runs from 1925 through 1933.
He was offered a coaching job with the Yankees in 1936, and started his new position by instructing his replacement (DiMaggio) on the nuances of Yankee Stadium's outfield.
He coached for the Yankees through 1944, for the St. Louis Browns in 1947 and for the Boston Red Sox (1948–1952).
When he announced his retirement from the Boston coaching staff in March 1953, he said that he was going to spend more time with family and his Kentucky farm.
In 2006, he was inducted as a charter member of Eastern's Athletics Hall of Fame, and the university provides an athletic scholarship in his honor each year.
Sabermetrician Bill James has listed Combs as one of ten examples of Hall of Fame inductees who do not deserve the honor.
In the postseason, in 4 World Series covering 16 games (1926, '27, '28 and '32), Combs batted .350 (21-for-60) with 17 runs, 3 doubles, 1 home run, 9 RBI and 10 base on balls.
Commissioned by his patron, Pope Urban VIII, the fountain is located in the Piazza Barberini, near the entrance to the Palazzo Barberini (which now houses the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica) that Bernini helped to design and construct for the Barberini, Urban's family.
At its centre rises a larger than lifesize muscular Triton, a minor sea god of ancient Greco-Roman legend, depicted as a merman kneeling on the sum of four dolphin tailfins.
His head is thrown back and his arms raise a conch to his lips; from it a jet of water spurts, formerly rising dramatically higher than it does today.
The fountain has a base of four dolphins that entwine the papal tiara with crossed keys and the heraldic Barberini bees in their scaly tails.
At the Triton Fountain, Urban and Bernini brought the idea of a sculptural fountain, familiar from villa gardens, decisively to a public urban setting for the first time; previous public fountains in the city of Rome had been passive basins for the reception of public water.
The legend applied to Trevi Fountain has been extended to this: that any visitor who throws a coin into the water (while facing away from the fountain) will have guaranteed their return to Rome.
Engravings of the time and photographs from the nineteenth century show much lower buildings around the piazza, which would have made the fountain much more dramatic.
However, it is a tribute to the artistic judgement of Bernini that even now, with tall buildings around the traffic-ridden piazza, that the Triton Fountain can still maintain a dramatic presence.
The Basin is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 31 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
Prior to European settlement, The Basin and surrounding suburbs were often visited by the Bunurong and Yarra Yarra people—hunting in the summer months in the Dandenong Ranges and its foothills.
The Wurundjeri people of the Kulin nation are the acknowledged traditional custodians of the land on which The Basin and all of City of Knox is located (source: City of Knox publication).
Two of William Chandler's sons established plant nurseries in the area and his grandson, Sir Gilbert Chandler was a horticulturalist and Fern Tree Gully Shire President (1938–39) who later went on to be a member of State Parliament.
In 1872, Miller acquired land at The Basin in 1872 and invested considerable time and money building up a stud farm for racing horses, at one stage owning over in The Basin.
To encourage summer tourists to visit and see the stables, training facilities and horses, Miller ran a private coach service from Forest Road in The Basin to Bayswater Railway Station.
Miller faced financial ruin in the 1890s when the sweepstakes were declared illegal and he had to give up his property at The Basin.
The local mayor of The Basin is Sir Luke Cockerell, he has held this position for the last four years and has helped rejuvenate the local community spirit.
Residents are represented in the Victorian Parliament (Legislative Assembly) by the member for the electorate of Bayswater and in the Federal Parliament (House of Representatives) by the member for the electorate of LaTrobe.
A significant natural resource is an operating farm that is owned and operated by the Salvation Army and includes a community church.
In the same year a boys' home was established on the purchased land, in response to a government request for church groups to support boys who commit criminal offences.
Retail outlets include a gym, a licensed post office, two pubs, cafés, milk bar, liquor store, greengrocer, jeweller, butcher, bookstore, restaurants, hairdressing salons, fish and chips, and bicycle shop.
The Basin Theatre Group is a local amateur theatre group that has operated since the first gathering of friends by Edna Chandler in 1954.
The Basin Theatre Group’s mission is to provide a variety of theatrical productions that are high quality and affordable, and at times, extraordinary and inspiring.
Places of Worship in The Basin include the Romanian Seventh-day Adventist Church, St Bernadette's Catholic Mass Centre (part of the primary school) and Vinayagar Hindu Temple.
The town has two tennis clubs; Miller Park Tennis Club and Batterham Park Tennis Club, and Australian Rules football team, The Basin Bears, competing in the Eastern Football League.
Built in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it is one of the most important and stylistically unified examples of early Gothic architecture.
A later church building, dating from the tenth or eleventh centuries, was torched during the Easter Insurrection on 25 April 1112.
Three months after the insurrection, members of the clergy at Laon toured France and England with relics belonging to the bishopric.
Laon's economy was booming, and Anselm of Laon's school of theology and exegesis was becoming one of the most acclaimed in Europe.
By the late 1150s, construction on the current cathedral had begun under Gautier de Mortagne; it was essentially completed by 1230.
The present Laon Cathedral dates from the 12th and early 13th centuries, an early example of the Gothic style that originated in northern France.
In the next phase of construction, lasting until the end of the century, the nave and most of the massive western facade were completed.
Next, spurred by the donation of a local quarry in 1205, the original choir was dismantled and the current, larger choir was constructed by 1220.
Soon after, the treasury and sacristy were built at the junctures of the choir and transepts, along with a large chapel extending from the southeastern end of the choir.
Finally, the south transept's facade was remodeled in the early fourteenth century, resulting in the current twin doors and tracery window.
An ornate but structurally artificial upper extension of the cathedral's front facade of unknown date was removed; it was replaced by a balustrade and the current Madonna and Child statue.
In 1899, timber flooring was installed between the towers in the west end of the nave to accommodate the installation of the current organ.
Although the cathedral suffered some damage during the French Revolution and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, it escaped both World Wars unharmed.
Contemporary with Noyon Cathedral and Notre-Dame de Paris, Laon Cathedral is one of the most elaborate and best-preserved of the early French Gothic cathedrals.
The ceiling over the choir and the nave (with the exception of the west end, near the organ) incorporates sexpartite vaulting, while the ceiling in the transepts incorporates quadripartite vaulting.
Vertically, Laon Cathedral is divided into four tiers: ground-level side aisles, a tribune-level passageway with double arches, a short triforium-level passageway with triple arches, and clerestory windows.
The unusual four-tiered configuration was previously used in both Tournai Cathedral in modern-day Belgium and Noyon Cathedral, and is reflected locally in the south transept of nearby Soissons Cathedral.
The height of the interior is emphasized by the colonnette shafts rising from the tops of the columns separating the aisle bays; these colonnette shafts regularly alternate between three and five in number.
Although the choirs of most Gothic churches terminate with apses, Laon's choir is an exception: it terminates with a flat wall.
Although the original choir encoded the stylistic template for the rest of the building, it was demolished and replaced in the early thirteenth century.
The facades of both transepts incorporate twin entry doors; the south doors open next to the cathedral's adjoining cloister and chapter house, while the north doors open near the old episcopal palace.
Three deeply recessed portals provide entry into the church; an arched passageway sits over them; between this passageway and a second, higher one, two Gothic-arched lancet windows and the central rose window cut into the wall.
These include the square central crossing tower that forms a lantern illuminating the crossing, the two towers flanking the western facade, and the two transept towers.
Laon Cathedral's completed towers (with the exception of that at the central crossing) all consist of two stacked vaulted chambers pierced by lancet openings.
The two western towers contain life-size stone statues of sixteen oxen in their upper arcades, seemingly commemorating the bullocks who hauled equipment and materials during the cathedral's construction.
The rose window above the lancets is dedicated to Mary; it also contains twelve medallions depicting the twelve apostles and twenty-four medallions depicting the Four and Twenty Elders from the Book of Revelation.
Departing from strictly religious themes, the rose window in the north transept contains personifications of the sciences of the trivium (grammar, dialectic, and rhetoric) and the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy).
Autonomous universities have their own administrative structure and budgeting system for self-governance and full autonomy, allowing decision making on administrative and management matters to be handled by the university itself.
The university was originally founded during King Chulalongkorn's reign as a school for training royal pages and civil servants in 1899 (B.E.
It is ranked as the best university in Thailand in many surveys, quality of students, quality of research, quality in particular subjects, university reputation, environmental management systems.
According to QS world university ranking 2017, CU is placed 245th in the world, 45th in Asia, 1st in Thailand, and 201-250 in the world graduate employability ranking.
Chulalongkorn University is one of the National Research Universities and supported by the Office of Nation Education Standards and Quality Assessment of Thailand.
As royal pages, they learned how to manage organizations by working closely with the king, which was a traditional way to enter the Siamese bureaucracy.
Those who managed to enter the university had to spend two years in the Preparatory School before going on to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
The Preparatory School, however, ceased to be a university-owned preparatory school in 1947 and became the independent Triam Udom Suksa School.
Later, the university established Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School (CUD) as a laboratory school for primary and secondary education for the Faculty of Education.
Since the establishment of the Royal Pages School, the former name of the university, King Chulalongkorn authorized the use of his personal emblem as a school emblem.
Today, the ordinary uniform for male undergraduate students consists of a plain white shirt with long or short sleeves and black (or dark blue) trousers.
Bachelors and masters students wear a black strip, while scarlet and pink are for PhDs (including honorary degrees recipients) and lecturers.
In addition, the colored yarn (bachelor) or ribbon (master and doctor) is added to the center of the strip longitudinally, according to degree-granting faculty.
As the tree produces slimy pods and sheds leaves, the ground beneath it becomes slippery, thus alerting students to prepare for examinations.
From the 1930s to the 1950s it expanded to various fields including Pharmacy (1934), Veterinary Science (1935), Architecture (1939), Dentistry (1940), and Commerce and Accountancy (1943).
In 1943, the regency government under General Phibun separated the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Science to become the University of Medical Sciences, now Mahidol University.
In 1967, the Faculty of Veterinary Science was returned from Kasetsart University and the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn Hospital was moved from University of Medical Sciences to Chulalongkorn University.
It admits students from two groups: one from northern Thai provinces (Nan, Phayao, Phrae, Uttaradit) and another from the rest of country.
The university is host to 40 student clubs, including the Buddhism and Traditions Club, the Religious Studies Club, the Mind Study Club, and the Thai Classical Music Club.
Moreover, another university Robocup team, Plasma-RX has participated in Rescue robot league at World RoboCup 2008, Suzhou, China, and won the first prize and the best-in-class in mobility award.
Boronia is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 29 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
The area was originally occupied by the Wurundjeri, Indigenous Australians of the Kulin nation, who spoke variations of the Woiwurrung language group.
Prior to European settlement, Boronia and surrounding suburbs were often visited by Aborigines from the Westernport and Yarra Yarra tribes, hunting during the summer months in the Dandenong Ranges and its foothills.
The Wurundjeri people of the Kulin nation are the acknowledged traditional custodians of the land on which Boronia and all of City of Knox is located (source: Knox City Council publication).
Boronia railway station opened in 1920, leading to an influx of residents and Boronia Post Office opened on 1 October 1920.
Originally built in 1888 for John Miller, who was originally from Bayswater, London and the first president of the Shire of Fern Tree Gully (from which City of Knox separated in 1963) and Justice of the Peace.
For years, Boronia had been split in two by the Belgrave railway line and a bottleneck railway crossing across the two main thoroughfares—Boronia and Dorset Roads.
This crossing was the scene of a level crossing accident on 1 June 1952 that took 13 lives and was regarded at the time as one of the worst level crossing tragedies in Victoria's history.
In the mid-1990s, VicRoads proposed the reconstruction the Boronia and Dorset Roads intersection, with the railway line being located underground and a new railway station built in a concrete cutting—ending the separation of the two halves of the suburb and uniting Boronia.
The new tunnel and intersection opened in 1998, with the land which the railway used to occupy (housing the Country Fire Authority, railway station and large playground/park) being converted into a new shopping centre and carpark.
There are numerous community and service groups in Boronia, including a Lions Club, a Rotary Club, the Returned and Services League (RSL), YWCA Women's Group, Probus Clubs, Country Women's Association, VIEW Club, Scouts and various church groups that build community and/or provide meals, such as St Paul's Anglican, Boronia Road Uniting Church, Mountain District Vineyard, Boronia Church of Christ and St Joseph's Catholic Church.
The club is based at Tormore Reserve, which is a cricket ground in the summer months as the home ground of the Boronia Cricket Club.
Other activities include the Boronia Bowls Club, health and fitness centres, netball clubs, an internet cafe, swimming schools/clubs, martial arts schools, a pool club, rehabilitation clinics, bike paths and numerous small parks and playgrounds, Boronia Weightlifting Club and calisthenics schools.
Knox Basketball Stadium, which was built in 1975 and slated for decommissioning in 2017, is located in Boronia and is home to Knox Basketball Incorporated.
There are also four primary schools in Boronia; Knox Central Primary School, Boronia Heights Primary, Boronia West Primary and St Joseph's Catholic Primary school.
Boronia K-12 College, established in 2012 merged with Boronia Primary School, Allendale Kindergarten and Boronia Heights College on Boronia Primary School's campus.
These include; St Paul's Anglican Church, Boronia Uniting Church, Boronia Community Church of Christ, The Potter's Church, Vineyard Church, Wesleyan Methodist Church of Boronia (pictured), Jehovah's Witnesses of Bayswater and Boronia, Christadelphian Hall of Boronia, Knox Community Baptist Church, Martin Luther Home for the Aged, Tenrikyo Melbourne Shinyu Church and St Joseph's Catholic Church.
Many of the streets in Boronia follow a botanical theme, such as Sycamore Crescent, Cypress Avenue, Daffodil Road, Iris Crescent, Pine Crescent, Tulip Crescent, Hazelwood Road, Olive Grove and Oak Avenue.
From its inception, the scripts for the series had been drafted and the broadcasts produced by Harvey's son Paul Harvey Jr., who in later years of his father's career also acted as a substitute host.
After the elder Harvey's death on February 28, 2009, ABC radio host Doug Limerick was chosen as the show's new host.
Its dedication remains unclear, as ancient sources mention several temples in this area of Rome, without saying enough to make it clear which this is.
If dedicated to Portunus, the god of keys, doors and livestock, and so granaries, it is the main temple dedicated to the god in the city.
It is in the Ionic order and located by the ancient Forum Boarium by the Tiber, during Antiquity the site overlooked the Port Tiberinus at a sharp bend in the river; from here, Portunus watched over cattle barges as they entered the city from Ostia.
The temple was originally built in the 3rd or 4th century BCE but was rebuilt between 120–80 BCE, the rectangular building consists of a tetrastyle portico and cella, raised on a high podium reached by a flight of steps, which it retains.
The columns of the portico are free-standing, while the remaining five columns on the long sides and the four columns at the rear are half-columns engaged along the walls of the cella.
The Ionic capitals are of the original form, different in the frontal and side views, except in the volutes at the corners, which project at 45°, a common Roman detail.
If still in use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire.
Star lifting is any of several hypothetical processes by which a sufficiently advanced civilization (specifically, one of Kardashev-II or higher) could remove a substantial portion of a star's matter which can then be re-purposed, while possibly optimizing the star's energy output and lifespan at the same time.
Over the course of a star's life on the main sequence this loss is usually negligible compared to the star's total mass; only at the end of a star's life when it becomes a red giant or a supernova is a large proportion of material ejected.
The star lifting techniques that have been proposed would operate by increasing this natural plasma flow and manipulating it with magnetic fields.
This energy could be supplied by the star itself, collected by a Dyson sphere; using 10% of the Sun's total power output would allow 5.9 × 10 kilograms of matter to be lifted per year (0.0000003% of the Sun's total mass), or 8% of the mass of Earth's moon.
The simplest system for star lifting would increase the rate of solar wind outflow by directly heating small regions of the star's atmosphere, using any of a number of different means to deliver energy such as microwave beams, lasers, or particle beams – whatever proved to be most efficient for the engineers of the system.
This would produce a large and sustained eruption similar to a solar flare at the target location, feeding the solar wind.
The resulting outflow would be collected by using a ring current around the star's equator to generate a powerful toroidal magnetic field with its dipoles over the star's rotational poles.
This would deflect the star's solar wind into a pair of jets aligned along its rotational axis passing through a pair of magnetic rocket nozzles.
The ring current required to generate this magnetic field would be generated by a ring of particle accelerator space stations in close orbit around the star's equator.
These accelerators would be physically separate from each other but would exchange two counterdirected beams of oppositely charged ions with their neighbor on each side, forming a complete circuit around the star.
Criswell proposed a modification to the polar jet system in which the magnetic field could be used to increase solar wind outflow directly, without requiring additional heating of the star's surface.
In this system the ring of particle accelerators would not be in orbit, instead depending on the outward force of the magnetic field itself for support against the star's gravity.
To inject energy into the star's atmosphere the ring current would first be temporarily shut down, allowing the particle accelerator stations to begin falling freely toward the star's surface.
Once the stations had developed sufficient inward velocity the ring current would be reactivated and the resulting magnetic field would be used to reverse the stations' fall.
The ring current would be shut down again before the ring stations achieved enough outward velocity to throw them too far away from the star, and the star's gravity would be allowed to pull them back inward to repeat the cycle.
An alternative to the Huff-n-Puff method for using the toroidal magnetic field to increase solar wind outflow involves placing the ring stations in a polar orbit rather than an equatorial one.
To increase the rate of outflow through these two equatorial jets, the ring system would be rotated around the star at a rate significantly faster than the star's natural rotation.
Rotating the ring in this manner would require the ring stations to use powerful rocket thrust, requiring both large rocket systems and a large amount of reaction mass.
Finally, the resulting jets would spiral outward from the star's equator rather than emerging straight from the poles; this could complicate harvesting it, as well as the arrangement of the Dyson sphere powering the system.
The material lifted from a star will emerge in the form of plasma jets hundreds or thousands of astronomical units long, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium and highly diffuse by current engineering standards.
The details of extracting useful materials from this stream and storing the vast quantities that would result have not been extensively explored.
One possible approach is to purify useful elements from the jets using extremely large-scale mass spectrometry, cool them by laser cooling, and condense them on particles of dust for collection.
Larger stars have a larger supply of fuel, but the increased core pressure resulting from that additional mass increases the reaction rate even more; large stars have a significantly shorter lifespan than small ones.
Current theories of stellar dynamics also suggest that there is very little mixing between the bulk of a star's atmosphere and the material of its core, where fusion takes place, so most of a large star's fuel will never be used naturally.
As a star's mass is reduced by star lifting its rate of nuclear fusion will decrease, reducing the amount of energy available to the star lifting process but also reducing the gravity that needs to be overcome.
In this manner a civilization could control the rate at which its star uses fuel, optimizing the star's power output and lifespan to its needs.
Theoretically all the energy of the matter lifted from a star could be harvested if it is made into small black holes, via the mechanism of Hawking Radiation.
Forest Row in the Weald is the scene of a harpoon murder, and a young police inspector, Stanley Hopkins, asks Holmes, whom he admires, for help.
Holmes has already determined that it would take a great deal of strength and skill to run a man through with a harpoon and embed it in the wall behind him.
Carey did not sleep in the family house, but in a small cottage that he built some distance from the house, whose interior he had decorated to look like a sailor's cabin on a ship.
Carey was found fully dressed, suggesting that he was expecting a visitor, and there was some rum laid out along with two dirty glasses.
The first set of initials is likely a stockbroker's, as the little book is full of what appears to be stock exchange information.
Holmes decides to accompany Hopkins to Forest Row, and upon arrival, Hopkins observes that someone has tried to break into Carey's cabin, but failed.
After examining the inside of the cabin, Holmes deduces from the lack of dust that something has been taken from a shelf, even though the burglar did not get in.
Along he comes, he breaks into the cabin, and goes through one of Carey's old logbooks, cursing when he finds that the information that he wants is missing, having been torn out of the book.
He believes that Carey knew something about his father's disappearance, and that possibly his father was murdered by the man who has now himself become a murder victim as he has traced some of his father's long lost securities back to Carey.
Holmes believes this to be true, because Neligan is a slight, anemic thin man, hardly capable of running a man through with a harpoon.
He gets three applicants at 221B Baker Street for the job, and one of them is indeed Peter Carey's killer, as confirmed by his name, Patrick Cairns, and the fact that Holmes had established that he was once Carey's shipmate.
Holmes was sure that it, and the fact that the brandy and whiskey had been left alone, were sure signs that the killer was a seaman.
Comiskey Park was a baseball park in Chicago, Illinois, located in the Bridgeport neighborhood on the near-southwest side of the city.
Built by White Sox owner Charles Comiskey and designed by Zachary Taylor Davis, Comiskey Park hosted four World Series and more than 6,000 Major League Baseball games.
Also, in one of the most famous boxing matches in history, the field was the site of the 1937 heavyweight title match in which Joe Louis defeated then champion James J. Braddock in eight rounds that launched Louis' unprecedented 11-plus year run as the heavyweight champion of the world.
The Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League also called Comiskey Park home when they weren't playing at Normal Park, Soldier Field or Wrigley Field.
Much less popular than the Bears, the Cardinals had their last season at Comiskey in 1958, and they left for St. Louis in March 1960.
The park was also home to Chicago Mustangs and Chicago Sting of the NASL, playing host to the final edition of the original Soccer Bowl.
Adjacent to the south (across 35th Street), a new ballpark opened in 1991, and Comiskey Park was demolished the same year.
The park was built on a former city dump that Comiskey bought in 1909 to replace the wooden South Side Park.
The park's design was strongly influenced by Sox pitcher Ed Walsh, and was known for its pitcher-friendly proportions ( to the foul poles; to center field).
The first no-hitter at Comiskey Park was in 1911, hurled by Ed Walsh on August 27, a 5–0 win over Boston.
In 1917, the Chicago White Sox won Games 1, 2 and 5 at Comiskey Park and went on to defeat the New York Giants four games to two.
With their win in Game 6 at Comiskey Park, the Los Angeles Dodgers became the first West Coast team to win a World Series.
Comiskey saw its last post-season action in 1983, when the White Sox lost the American League Championship Series to the Baltimore Orioles 3–1, with Games 3 and 4 in Chicago.
From 1971 until its demolition in 1991, Comiskey was the oldest park still in use in Major League Baseball (it had already been the oldest in the American League since 1955).
During Veeck's second ownership, he installed a shower behind the speaker horns in the center field bleachers, for fans to cool off on hot summer days.
Before he became an institution on the north side with the Cubs, Sox broadcaster Harry Caray was a south side icon.
Harry would sometimes broadcast from the center field bleachers, where he could hobnob with fans and get a suntan (or a burn).
By contrast, just over two years earlier, the smallest attendance at the park was recorded, with 511 spectators attending a game against the Boston Red Sox on Thursday, May 6, 1971.
Between games of a make-up doubleheader between the White Sox and the Detroit Tigers, Dahl and his crew destroyed a pile of disco records that fans had brought in exchange for a ticket with a discounted price of 98¢ in honor of Dahl's station at that time, WLUP-FM, the frequency of which was 97.9 MHz (98 FM).
More than 50,000 fans were in attendance, along with another 20,000 who crashed the gates even though the game was sold out.
The demolition tore a huge hole in center field and several thousand fans, many of them intoxicated, stormed the field, stole equipment, and destroyed the infield.
The nightcap was postponed, but league officials ruled it a forfeit the next day, the fourth in American League history, all in the 1970s.
In 1969, AstroTurf was installed in the infield and the adjacent foul territory, with the outfield and adjoining foul territory remaining as natural grass.
During its last eight years, Comiskey's annual attendance surpassed the two million mark three times, including the final season when the Sox contended for much of the year before losing the western division title to the Oakland Athletics.
White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf received more than $200 million in public financing for the new stadium after threatening to move the club to St. Petersburg, Florida (a similar threat was later used by the San Francisco Giants until they broke ground on what would be their current ballpark in late 1997).
An interesting phenomenon occurred in the Illinois state legislature, in that the Speaker (Michael Madigan) stopped the clock on the evening of June 30, 1988 so that the legislature could report that the money had been granted on June 30, and not July 1.
The stadium now called Tropicana Field was constructed by officials in St. Petersburg in an effort to lure a Major League Baseball club to Florida (which arrived in 1998 in the form of the expansion Devil Rays), but Miami beat the Tampa Bay area to the punch when it launched the expansion Florida Marlins in 1993.
On September 30, 1990, with 42,849 in paid attendance, the Chicago White Sox played the last game at Comiskey Park, defeating the Seattle Mariners 2–1 .
Mayor Richard M. Daley (a lifelong White Sox fan) threw out the opening pitch, legendary Sox player Minnie Miñoso delivered the lineup card to the umpires, and well-known ball-park organist Nancy Faust played for the crowd during the final game.
Also, former White Sox Vice President Charles Comiskey, grandson of the man for whom the park was named, was on hand.
The final play occurred when White Sox closer Bobby Thigpen forced Mariners' second baseman Harold Reynolds to hit a grounder to second baseman Scott Fletcher, who in return threw it to first baseman Steve Lyons for the force-out.
The site of the old park was turned into a parking lot to serve those attending games at the new Comiskey Park (later renamed Guaranteed Rate Field).
On its best days, Comiskey was stuffed to the gills, with 55,000 people or more lining the aisles and even standing for 9 (or 18) innings on the sloping ramps that criss-crossed behind the scoreboard.
'Old' Comiskey's home plate is a marble plaque on the sidewalk next to Guaranteed Rate Field, and the field is a parking lot.
Also, the spectator ramp across 35th Street is designed in such a way (partly curved, partly straight but angling east-northeast) that it echoes the outline of part of the old grandstand.
John Candy's character (on a first date) arranged to have a private picnic on the stadium grass under the lights with his date (Ally Sheedy).
When the Sox won the 2005 World Series, their victory parade began at U.S. Cellular Field, and then circled the block where old Comiskey had stood, before heading on a route through various south side neighborhoods and toward downtown Chicago.
It was read in the House of Commons of Canada on March 23, 2004 by Finance Minister Ralph Goodale of the governing Liberal Party.
It was prepared by Goodale with significant input from Prime Minister Paul Martin, who had previously served as Minister of Finance in the government of Jean Chrétien.
These included $2 billion for health care, money for municipalities, and $1 billion to help livestock farmers harmed by the Mad Cow crisis.
Government spending was set to increase at the same rate as Gross domestic product (GDP) over the next few years with any surplus going to pay down the national debt.
The New Democratic Party criticized the policy of debt reduction, arguing that social spending, especially on health care, would be more beneficial.
The relatively small (65 cm high) limestone Cretan sculpture called the Lady of Auxerre, (or Kore of Auxerre), at the Louvre Museum in Paris depicts an archaic Greek goddess of c. 650 - 625 BCE.
Maxime Collignon, a Louvre curator, found the sculpture in a storage vault in the Museum of Auxerre, a city east of Paris, in 1907.
No provenance is known, and its mysterious arrival at a provincial French museum gave it a journalistic allure, according to the Louvre monograph.
The Archaic sculpture, bearing traces of polychrome decoration, dates from the 7th century BCE, when Greece was emerging from its Dark Age.
Sculptures and painted vases exhibiting correlative styles have been found outside Crete as well as in Rhodes, Corinth and Sparta (Basel 2000).
Scoresby is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 29 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
In the Parish system of Victoria (mainly used with land-ownership documents) the local parish is called Scoresby, a part of the County of Mornington.
Scoresby had died the previous year, shortly after his visit to the colony to experiment with terrestrial magnetism near the area which now carries his name.
Scoresby contains a number of extensive industrial estates which are home to a variety of major national and international corporations including Nintendo's Australian headquarters.
The precinct is centered on Caribbean Lake, which was built for the testing of boats by the boat manufacturer Caribbean Boats.
Activities at Caribbean Gardens include buying and selling of all kinds of products, eating, drinking, walking around, music played by bands and computer swap meets.
It commenced readings in 1948 and is situated at Latitude 37.87°S and Longitude 145.26°E at an elevation of 80m above sea level.
The site name is the Scoresby Research Institute and its site number is 086104, however it is not actually based in Scoresby, but in the suburb of Knoxfield.
Scoresby Cricket Club are also located in the suburb of Scoresby, competing in the Ringwood & District Cricket Association, and play their home games out of Exner Reserve.
The relationship between economic incentives and outcomes may be indirect: The economic incentives determine the agents’ experience, and these experiences may then drive future actions.
Learning experiments can be classified as individual choice tasks or games, where games typically refer to strategic interactions of two or more players.
In games of two players or more, the subjects often form beliefs about what actions the other subjects are taking and these beliefs are updated over time.
In 1999, Colin Camerer and Teck-Hua Ho introduced Experience Weighted Attraction (EWA), a general model that incorporated reinforcement and belief learning, and shows that fictitious play is mathematically equivalent to generalized reinforcement, provided weights are placed on past history.
Criticisms of EWA include overfitting due to many parameters, lack of generality over games, and the possibility that the interpretation of EWA parameters may be difficult.
Overfitting is addressed by estimating parameters on some of the experimental periods or experimental subjects and forecasting behavior in the remaining sample (if models are overfitting, these out-of-sample validation forecasts will be much less accurate than in-sample fits, which they generally are not).
Amnon Rapoport, Jim Parco and Ryan Murphy have investigated reinforcement-based adaptive learning models in one of the most celebrated paradoxes in game theory known as the centipede game.
Vernon Smith, drawing on Chamberlin's work, but also modifying it in key respects, conducted pioneering economics experiments on the convergence of prices and quantities to their theoretical competitive equilibrium values in experimental markets.
Smith found that in some forms of centralized trading, prices and quantities traded in such markets converge on the values that would be predicted by the economic theory of perfect competition, despite the conditions not meeting many of the assumptions of perfect competition (large numbers, perfect information).
Over the years, Smith pioneered – along with other collaborators – the use of controlled laboratory experiments in economics, and established it as a legitimate tool in economics and other related fields.
Charles Plott of the California Institute of Technology collaborated with Smith in the 1970s and pioneered experiments in political science, as well as using experiments to inform economic design or engineering to inform policies.
Experimental finance studies financial markets with the goals of establishing different market settings and environments to observe experimentally and analyze agents' behavior and the resulting characteristics of trading flows, information diffusion and aggregation, price setting mechanism and returns processes.
For instance, experiments have manipulated information asymmetry about the holding value of a bond or a share on the pricing for those who don't have enough information, in order to study stock market bubbles.
Experiments on social preferences generally study economic games including the dictator game, the ultimatum game, the trust game, the gift-exchange game, the public goods game, and modifications to these canonical settings.
As one example of results, ultimatum game experiments have shown that people are generally willing to sacrifice monetary rewards when offered low allocations, thus behaving inconsistently with simple models of self-interest.
Hence, contract theory is difficult to test in the field: If the researcher could verify the relevant variables, then the contractual parties could contract on these variables, hence any interesting contract-theoretic problem would disappear.
For instance, researchers have experimentally studied moral hazard theory, adverse selection theory, exclusive contracting, deferred compensation, the hold-up problem, flexible versus rigid contracts, and models with endogenous information structures.
Here the focus is on economic processes, including whole economies, as dynamic systems of interacting agents, an application of the complex adaptive systems paradigm.
Issues include those common to experimental economics in general and by comparison as well as development of a common framework for empirical validation and resolving open questions in agent-based modeling.
However, none of the critiques towards this methodology are specific to it, as they are immediately applicable to either theoretical or empirical approaches or both.
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the 20th century before 1949.
During World War II the blue discharge became the discharge of choice for commanders seeking to remove homosexuals from the ranks.
Knoxfield is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 27 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Knox local government area.
The population increased during the early 1990s, and then was relatively stable from the mid-1990s, a result of new dwellings being added to the area.
There is a Coles Express service station on the corner of Ferntree Gully Road and Scoresby road which sells fuel as well as a small selection from the Coles Supermarket range.
A medium shopping strip known as the Knoxfield Shops on Ferntree Gully road, and the Anne Road shops on Anne Road.
Knoxfield is home to a small shopping strip, with shops including Dosa Joy AAA Supplements, The Gully Pizza House, Knoxfield Pharmacy, Together Medical Family Practice, Knoxfield Florist, Gully Fish & Grill, Knoxfield Dental Care, Knoxfield IGA Plus Liquor, Lunch Break Deli Cafe, Knoxfield General Practice Dr. Y.C.
There is also a small shopping strip on Anne Road, with shops including the Hammad Mohamad Milkbar, Al Pacino's Pizzeria, Cleo's Quality Fish & Chips, Antique Tool Shed, Knox Spice Corner, Centre of Wellbeing, and the Shikarnya Hair Salon.
Knoxfield has a rich sporting culture and there are several sporting clubs who call the various sports fields, tracks and courses in Knoxfield home.
Next to Gilbert Park is the Knox Skate and BMX Park which is regularly used by skateboarders, bikers, and scooter riders.
The track is also open for use by the public and is regularly attending by BMX and biking enthusiasts of all ages.
It is also the home of the Omega Trampoline Club, Ferntree Gully Basketball Club, Knox Table Tennis Club and Chinese Elderly Citizens Club.
It also boasts facilities such as meeting rooms, a kitchen, disabled access, toilet and car parking, change rooms, trampoline facilities, squash courts and boxing facilities.
Knoxfield is a home for two Scouts groups: 1st Knoxfield group located in Carrington Reserve, and 2nd Knoxfield group located in R.D.
Muhammad Yunus (; born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist, and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance.
In February 2011, Yunus together with Saskia Bruysten, Sophie Eisenmann and Hans Reitz co-founded Yunus Social Business – Global Initiatives (YSB).
As the international implementation arm for Yunus' vision of a new, humane capitalism, YSB manages incubator funds for social businesses in developing countries and provides advisory services to companies, governments, foundations and NGOs.
Yunus also serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 by American philanthropist Ted Turner's $1 billion gift to support UN causes.
In March 2011, the Bangladesh government fired Yunus from his position at Grameen Bank, citing legal violations and an age limit on his position.
The third of nine children, Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Bathua, by the Kaptai road in Hathazari, Chittagong in the Bengal Presidency of the British Raj, present Bangladesh.
In 1944, his family moved to the city of Chittagong, and he moved from his village school to Lamabazar Primary School.
During his school years, he was an active Boy Scout, and travelled to West Pakistan and India in 1952, and to Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees.
In 1957, he enrolled in the Department of Economics at Dhaka University and completed his BA in 1960 and MA in 1961.
After his graduation, Yunus joined the Bureau of Economics as a research assistant to the economics researches of Professor Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan.
During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, Yunus founded a citizen's committee and ran the Bangladesh Information Center, with other Bangladeshis in the United States, to raise support for liberation.
After observing the famine of 1974, he became involved in poverty reduction and established a rural economic programme as a research project.
In 1975, he developed a Nabajug (New Era) Tebhaga Khamar (three share farm) which the government adopted as the Packaged Input Programme.
Introduced by president Ziaur Rahman in the late 1970s, the Government formed 40,392 village governments as a fourth layer of government in 2003.
On 2 August 2005, in response to a petition by Bangladesh Legal Aids and Services Trust (BLAST), the High Court declared village governments illegal and unconstitutional.
His concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries also inspired programmes such as the Info lady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.
In 1976, during visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University, Yunus discovered that very small loans could make a disproportionate difference to a poor person.
Village women who made bamboo furniture had to take usurious loans to buy bamboo, and repay their profits to the lenders.
Traditional banks did not want to make tiny loans at reasonable interest to the poor due to high risk of default.
But Yunus believed that, given the chance, the poor will repay the money and hence microcredit was a viable business model.
Yunus lent US$27 of his money to 42 women in the village, who made a profit of BDT 0.50 (US$0.02) each on the loan.
Yunus and his colleagues encountered everything from violent radical leftists to conservative clergy who told women that they would be denied a Muslim burial if they borrowed money from Grameen.
These small informal groups apply together for loans and its members act as co-guarantors of repayment and support one another's efforts at economic self-advancement.
In the late 1980s, Grameen started to diversify by attending to underutilized fishing ponds and irrigation pumps like deep tube wells.
In time, the Grameen initiative grew into a multi-faceted group of profitable and non-profit ventures, including major projects like Grameen Trust and Grameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, and Grameen Knitwear Limited, as well as Grameen Telecom, which has a stake in Grameenphone (GP), the biggest private phone company in Bangladesh.
The success of the Grameen microfinance model inspired similar efforts in about 100 developing countries and even in developed countries including the United States.
More than 94% of Grameen loans have gone to women, who suffer disproportionately from poverty and who are more likely than men to devote their earnings to their families.
Through Grameen Bank, Rashidul Bari claims that Yunus demonstrated how Grameen Social Business Model can harness the entrepreneurial spirit to empower poor women and alleviate their poverty.
Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Grameen Bank, for their efforts to create economic and social development.
After receiving the news of the important award, Yunus announced that he would use part of his share of the $1.4 million (equivalent to $ million in ) award money to create a company to make low-cost, high-nutrition food for the poor; while the rest would go toward setting up an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh.
He is one of only seven persons to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Congressional Gold Medal.
Other notable awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1984, the World Food Prize, the International Simon Bolivar Prize (1996), the Prince of Asturias Award for Concord and the Sydney Peace Prize in 1998, and the Seoul Peace Prize in 2006.
Additionally, Yunus has been awarded 50 honorary doctorate degrees from universities across 20 countries, and 113 international awards from 26 different countries including state honours from 10 countries.
Yunus received 50 honorary doctorate degrees from universities from Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, and the US.
Yunus sits on the Board of United Nations Foundation, Schwab Foundation, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Grameen Credit Agricole Microcredit Foundation.
He has been a member of Fondation Chirac's honour committee, ever since the foundation was launched in 2008 by former French president Jacques Chirac in order to promote world peace.
In early 2006 Yunus, along with other members of the civil society including Professor Rehman Sobhan, Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Dr Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign for honest and clean candidates in national elections.
In the letter, he called on everyone to briefly outline how he should go about the task and how they can contribute to it.
On 3 May, however, Yunus declared that he had decided to abandon his political plans following a meeting with the head of the interim government, Fakhruddin Ahmed.
Nelson Mandela announced the formation of this new group, The Elders, in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday.
He stepped down as an Elder in September 2009, stating that he was unable to do justice to his membership due to the demands of his work.
Yunus is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa.
Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies.
In July 2009, Yunus became a member of the SNV Netherlands Development Organisation International Advisory Board to support the organisation's poverty reduction work.
Since 2010, Yunus has served as a Commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which seeks to use broadband internet services to accelerate social and economic development.
In March 2016, he was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to the High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, which was co-chaired by presidents François Hollande of France and Jacob Zuma of South Africa.
On 2 March 2011, Muzammel Huq – a former Bank employee, whom the government had appointed Chairman in January – announced that Yunus had been fired as Managing Director of the Bank.
In March 2011, Yunus petitioned the Bangladesh High Court challenging the legality of the decision by the Bangladeshi Central Bank to remove him as Managing Director of Grameen Bank.
The allegations against Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank were made in a context where some people began to question the effectiveness of microfinance, prompted by the actions of some for-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and Mexico.
The lure of profits attracted some for-profit MFIs to hold initial public offerings (IPOs), including the largest Indian MFI, SKS Microfinance, which held an IPO in July 2010.
Calculations of actual interest rate vary, but one estimate puts average Grameen rates at about a 23% interest rate (comparable to the inflation rate).
At the same time the organisation enjoyed a tax-free status for a period of several years which now has been removed.
Though Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by the Norwegian government of all allegations surrounding misused or misappropriated funds in December 2010, in March 2011 the Bangladeshi government launched a three-month investigation of all Grameen Bank's activities.
These investigations fueled suspicion that many attacks might be politically motivated, due to difficult relations between Sheikh Hasina and Yunus since early 2007, when Yunus created his own political party, an effort he dropped in May 2007.
This yogurt is produced by Grameen Danone, a social business joint venture between Grameen Bank and Danone that aims to provide opportunities for street vendors who sell the yogurt and to improve child nutrition with the nutrient-fortified yogurt.
Investigation by a 2012 independent public commission examining the Grameen Bank assert that Yunus misrepresented his authority and abused his powers during his tenure in management.
The report establishes that legal challenges exist for authority of the Grameen Bank to have acted as guarantor and to have forwarded credit to independent private enterprises during Dr. Yunus's tenure.
The report raised specific questions relating to a) establishment and financing of GrameenPhone, a for-profit telecommunications entity initially established as a trust for the Grameen Bank borrowers together with Norwegian government owned multinational Telenor by Dr Yunus, and b) simultaneous management and operational financing of private enterprises established by Dr Yunus applying resources of the Grameen Bank.
government entity, of which incompetent oversight by the state and (potentially unwitting) misrepresentation by Dr. Yunus in past resulted in the popular perception of the private ownership.
The commission report refers to obstruction of commission investigations by current Grameen Bank management, representatives of Telenor, the Government of Bangladesh, and by partisans of Dr. Yunus.
Full implications of the report are thus far not closely examined in either state-controlled elements of Bangladeshi media, or by pro-Yunus press releases, where these implicate Dr Yunus as at least accessory to corruption at the nexus of the Bangladeshi public-commercial establishment, in collusion with other parties.
The trial of Muhammad Yunus is the series of trials launched by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh against Muhammad Yunus.
The former put the latter on trial in 2010 and ultimately removed him from Grameen Bank, citing that too old to run the Bank which he founded in 1983.
In 2013, he was put on trial for a second time because he had supposedly received earnings without the necessary permission from the government, including his Nobel Peace Prize earnings and the royalties from his book sales.
The article claims that this series of trials against Yunus has puzzled billions of people around the world, from the 8.3 million underprivileged women of Grameen Bank to US President Barack Obama.
The government of Bangladesh has played its trump card in its long-running campaign against Grameen Bank and its founder Muhammad Yunus.
Last week, legislators passed a law that effectively nationalizes the bank, which pioneered the idea of making small loans to poor women, by wresting control of it from the 8.4 million rural women that own a majority of its shares.
While teaching at Middle Tennessee State University, Yunus founded the Bangladesh Citizen's Committee (BCC), as a response to West Pakistan's aggression against Bangladesh and its leader Sheikh Mujib.
After the outbreak of the war of liberation, the BCC selected Yunus to become editor of its newly published Bangladesh News Letter.
Inspired by the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, Yunus returned home in 1972, to help Mujib rebuild the nation shattered by a long and bloody war.
At this event, 50 heads of state and high-level officials from 137 nation-states gathered in Washington, DC, to discuss solutions to poverty.
The success of the Grameen Bank has created optimism about the viability of banks engaged in extending micro-credit to the poor.
The inaugural ceremony of Grameen Phone, the largest telephone service in Bangladesh, took place at Hasina's office on 26 March 1997.
Hasina thought that the Norwegian Nobel Peace Prize Committee would give her the prize for signing a peace treaty, the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in 1997.
Fakhruddin took office on 11 January 2007 and made it clear on his very first day that he intended not only to arrange a free and fair election but also to clean up corruption.
While Khalada and Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed that it was not his job to clean up corruption, Yunus expressed his satisfaction.
One could make an analogy between Yunus' involvement as a nonpolitician and the role that Czech writer Václav Havel played in his country after the overthrow of the Communist regime.
Bangladesh government launched the first trial against Yunus in December 2010, one month after the release of Caught in Micro Debt, a documentary by Tom Heinemann.
Screened on Norwegian television on 30 November 2010, the film broadcast the allegation that Yunus stashed approximately $100 million in 1996 into Grameen Kalyan, a sister company of Grameen Bank.
However, Prime Minister Hasina used the situation as to increase sustained attacks on Yunus: these included claims that Yunus' age means he is too old to run the bank, Grameen has created companies unlawfully, and the bank operates as an organ of the government.
The bank has denied all illegalities, arguing, among other things, that age limits do not apply in this case since Grameen, like BRAC, is a special bank.
Bangladesh Bank informed Grameen in a letter that Yunus had been removed from Grameen, citing that he was older than the mandatory retirement age of 60, even though nine of the bank's directors-who were elected by 8.3 million Grameen Bank borrowers-allowed him to stay on the job after he had crossed that threshold.
Backed by nine boards of directors, 22 thousand employees, and 8.3 million Grameen borrowers, Yunus defied the government order, returned to Grameen's headquarters in Dhaka, and lodged an appeal at Dhaka High Court against the decision.
However, Justice Mohammad Momtazuddin Ahmed and Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore delivered the verdict against Yunus, claiming that Yunus' posting as the MD of Grameen since 1999 was illegal as he had reached the age of 60 by then.
Backed by international leaders (e.g., Hillary and Bill Clinton), national leaders (e.g., Sir Fazle Hasan Abed) and 8.3 million Grameen borrowers, Yunus filed an appeal in Bangladesh Supreme Court against the High Court's verdict.
The full bench of the Appellate Division headed by Chief Justice ABM Khairul Haque heard the appeal on 15 March and delivered the verdict which upheld Yunus removal by government.
Hasina also ordered a fresh investigation into the activities and financial transactions of Yunus in his later years as managing director of Grameen, but people see the move as nothing more than an attempt to destroy his image.
The prime minister also alleged that Yunus had received his earnings without the necessary permission from the government, including his Nobel Peace Prize earnings and the royalties from his books.
On 4 October 2013, Bangladesh's cabinet has approved the draft of a new law that will give the country's central bank closer control over Grameen Bank, raising the stakes in a long-running dispute with the pioneering microlender.
It was passed by parliament on 7 November 2013, and replaced the Grameen Bank Ordinance, the law that underpinned the creation of Grameen Bank as a specialised microcredit institution in 1983.
Since then, the government has started an investigation into the bank and is now planning to take over Grameen — a majority of whose shares are owned by its borrowers — and break it up into 19 regional lenders.
In 1967, while Yunus attended Vanderbilt University, he met Vera Forostenko, a student of Russian literature at Vanderbilt University and daughter of Russian immigrants to Trenton, New Jersey, United States.
Yunus's marriage with Vera ended within months of the birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus, in 1979 Chittagong, as Vera returned to New Jersey claiming that Bangladesh was not a good place to raise a baby.
Yunus's brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a former professor of physics at the University of Dhaka and the founder of The Center for Mass Education in Science (CMES), which brings science education to adolescent girls in villages.
The Yunus Centre, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a think tank for issues related to social business, working in the field of poverty alleviation and sustainability.
It is 'aimed primarily at promoting and disseminating Professor Yunus' philosophy, with a special focus on social business' and currently chaired by Prof. Muhammad Yunus.
In 1948, they sold their family car and used the money to set up a wholesale bakery with their son Don.
Within five years, it was expanded to 12 more locations and opened its first locations outside of California (Las Vegas and Houston) in 1969.
In 1986, the restaurant chain was sold to Ramada Inn, then in 1990, to Wilshire Restaurant Group, Inc.. Marie Callender Pie Shops, Inc. was purchased from Saunders Karp & Megrue (SKM) in 1999 by an affiliate of Castle Harlan, a New York-based private equity firm.
The business flourished until Don Callender died on January 7, 2009, due to complications resulting from head trauma sustained during a fall at home.
On June 13, 2011, a total of 58 units were closed, including 31 Marie Callender's and 27 Perkins Restaurant and Bakerys due to bankruptcy restructuring (Chapter 11).
The chains were later split apart, with Perkins being bought by Huddle House, while Marie Callender's was sold to a company known as Marie Callender’s Inc. for US$1.75 million.
The type of cuisine served is mainly American, although many of the dishes are slanted towards styles of preparation that resemble Italian, Mexican, French, Cajun, or Chinese.
The interiors of the chain's earlier restaurants are decorated with antiques circa 1900, providing a theme that is reminiscent of Victorian England as well as early United States.
Founded in 1959 as SEATO Graduate School of Engineering with a mission to develop highly qualified and committed professionals to foster sustainable development of the region and its integration into the global economy, it receives funding from organizations and governments around the world (initially from SEATO members).
Due to its international standing and global support, AIT has been administered by a high-ranking board of governors since its beginning.
Ambassadors of 13 countries – Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, China, France, India, Indonesia, Korea, Lao PDR, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sweden, and Vietnam – are members of the AIT Board of Trustees.
In 2016, it was the only university from Asia to get a perfect score in international orientation Though AIT is based in Thailand, only 30 percent of the students are from Thailand and 70 percent come from abroad.
Three of its programs were listed in the global top 100 by Eduniversal Best Masters Ranking, while five of its programs were among the top in Southeast Asia.
Besides laboratories and academic buildings, the main campus includes housing, sports, and medical facilities, a conference center, and a library with over 230,000 volumes and 830 print and online periodicals.
AIT was hosted by the Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, before it moved to its present campus in November 1973.
It was established in 1993 under the memorandum of understanding between the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training and the AIT.
The new charter came into force on 30 January 2012 as Sweden, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal deposited their instruments of ratification with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand.
In 2012, Thailand declined to ratify the new charter, with the effect that the operations of AIT under the new intergovernmental charter resulted in the issuance of potentially invalid degrees.
The degrees issued by AIT under the new charter were reissued under the old charter to avoid the risk of being unrecognized under Thai law.
Besides the above schools, AIT has a wing called AIT Solutions, and AIT Extension which provides professional education, short-course training, and consultancy services.
The campus of Asian Institute of Technology is host to several international and non-governmental organizations including the Asia-Pacific headquarters of Télécoms Sans Frontières (www.tsfi.org), the UNEP Environment Assessment for Regional Resource Center in Asia and the Pacific (UNEP RRC.AP) (www.rrcap.unep.org), and the Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) (www.rimes.int).
It also hosts the global secretariat of the International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of Local Authorities (IPLA), while the regional secretariat is hosted by UN HABITAT.
Among the programs offered include regular Master's and Doctoral programs, Professional Master's, Dual Degree programs, Joint Degree programs, Erasmus Mundus programs, Exchange programs, and Unified Bachelor-Master programs Unified International Bachelor-Master Degree Program.
They include EM EMMA EM MAHEVA, EM EuroAsia, Bridging the Gap, European Master Advanced Robotics Program (EMARO) Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate ETeCoS3, Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils and Sediments, and Erasmus Mundus Master's programme in Industrial Ecology.
The School of Engineering and Technology offers master's degrees [MEng, MSc], professional master's degree programs, doctoral degrees [DEng, DTechSc, PhD], and certificates of advanced studies.
The School of Environment, Resources, and Development offers master's degrees [MEng, MSc], professional master's degree programs, doctoral degrees [DEng, DTechSc, PhD], and Certificate of Advanced Studies.
This includes the following programs: Agribusiness Management (ABM), Agricultural Systems Engineering (ASE), Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management (AARM), and Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology (FEBT).
This includes the following programs: Energy, Environmental Engineering and Management (EEM), Climate Change and Sustainable Development (CCSD), Energy Business and Urban Water Engineering and Management.
This includes the following programs: Development and Sustainability (DS), Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management (DPMM), Gender and Development Studies (GDS), Natural Resources Management (NRM), Regional and Rural Development Planning (RRDP), Urban Environment Management (UEM).
SOM offers the following courses: Master of Business Administration (MBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), International Executive MBA (IEMBA) - Vietnam (offered at Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Vung Tau), PhD, Doctor of Business Administration (DBA).
It is the highest award given in the area of international relations and is presented to foreign institutions and persons that have contributed to human resource training for Vietnam, and to the development of friendly relations between Vietnam and other countries.
In 1994, it won the Development Management Award from the Asian Management Awards, while in 1996, it was awarded by the Danube Adria Association and Manufacturing (DAAM) International Vienna, Austria.
In 2016, AIT won the gold medal from the Thai Research Fund (TRF) for bagging the most perfect scores (seven scores of '5' each) among all universities in Thailand.
Banks (from USA), Professor Alastair M. North (from Scotland), Professor Roger GH Downer (Ireland/Canada), Professor Jean-Louis Armand (from France), Professor Said Irandoust (from Sweden), and Professor Worsak Kanok-Nukulchai (from Thailand).
Prior to the Institute becoming AIT, its predecessor, the SEATO Graduate School of Engineering had three Deans Professor Thomas H. Evans, Professor Robert Holcomb, and Professor Milton E. Bender, Jr.(who also became the first President of AIT).
AIT administered .th, the country code top-level domain for Thailand until 2007 when the administration was transferred to the Thai Network Information Center Foundation.
Sales of the Macintosh were strong from its initial release on January 24, 1984, and reached 70,000 units on May 3, 1984.
The heart of the computer was a Motorola 68000 microprocessor running at , connected to 128 KB RAM shared by the processor and the display controller.
The 68000 and video controller took turns accessing DRAM every four CPU cycles during display of the frame buffer, while the 68000 had unrestricted access to DRAM during vertical and horizontal blanking intervals.
Such an arrangement reduced the overall performance of the CPU as much as 35% for most code as the display logic often blocked the CPU's access to RAM.
Mac 128s and 512s were commonly equipped with Micron-branded 4164 RAM chips for cost reasons, however Micron's quality control was poor and the chips were a common failure point.
The built-in display was a one-bit black-and-white, CRT with a fixed resolution of 512×342 pixels, establishing the desktop publishing standard of 72 PPI.
This was an intentional decision by Apple, as these keys were common on older platforms and it was thought that the addition of these keys would encourage software developers to simply port their existing applications to the Mac, rather than design new ones around the GUI paradigm.
The keyboard sold with the newer Macintosh Plus model included the numeric keypad and arrow keys, but still no function keys.
Initially, the only printer available was the Apple ImageWriter, a dot matrix printer which was designed to produce 144 dpi WYSIWYG output from the Mac's 72 dpi screen.
Due to the memory constraints (128 KB) of the original Macintosh, and the fact that the floppies could hold 400 KB, users frequently had to swap disks in and out of the floppy drive.
The Macintosh External Disk Drive (mechanically identical to the internal one, piggybacking on the same controller) was a popular add-on at US $495.
Third-party hard drives were considerably more expensive and usually connected to the slower serial port (as specified by Apple), though a few manufacturers chose to use the faster nonstandard floppy port.
Steve Jobs insisted that the Macintosh ship without a fan, which persisted until the introduction of the Macintosh SE in 1987.
System 4.0 officially dropped support for the Macintosh 128K because it was distributed on 800 KB floppy disks, which could not be used by the 128K.
The Macintosh also came with a manual and a unique guided tour cassette tape which worked together with the guided tour diskette as a tutorial for both the Macintosh itself and the bundled applications, since most new Macintosh users had never used a mouse before, much less manipulated a graphical user interface.
Though the RAM was still permanently soldered to the logic board, the new design allowed for easier (though unsanctioned) third-party upgrades to 512 KB.
The increased RAM of the 512K was vitally important for the Macintosh as it finally allowed for more powerful software applications, such as the then-popular program Microsoft Multiplan.
There was no provision for adding internal storage, more RAM or any upgrade cards, however some of the Macintosh engineers objected to Jobs's ideas and secretly developed workarounds for them.
As an example, the Macintosh was supposed to have only 17 address lines on the motherboard, enough to support 128k of system RAM, but the design team added an additional two address lines without Jobs's knowledge, making it possible to expand the computer to 512k, although the actual act of upgrading system RAM was difficult and required piggybacking additional RAM chips overtop the onboard 4164 chips.
Although this had always been planned from the beginning, Steve Jobs maintained if the user desired more RAM than the Mac 128 provided, he should simply pay extra money for a Mac 512 rather than upgrade the computer himself.
Improving on the hard-wired RAM thus required a motherboard replacement (which was priced similarly to a new computer), or a third-party chip replacement upgrade, which was not only expensive but would void Apple's warranty.
The difficulty of fitting software into its limited free memory, coupled with the new interface and event driven programming model, discouraged software vendors from supporting it, leaving the 128K with a relatively small software library.
Whereas the Macintosh Plus, and to a lesser extent the Macintosh 512K, are compatible with much later software, the 128K is limited to specially crafted programs.
A stock Mac 128K with the original 64K ROM is neither compatible with Apple's external 800 KB drive with HFS nor with Apple's Hard Disk 20.
A Mac 128K that has been upgraded with the newer 128K ROM (called a Macintosh 128Ke) can use internal and external 800 KB drives with HFS, as well as the HD20.
Apple sold an official memory upgrade for the Macintosh 128K, which included a motherboard replacement effectively making it a Macintosh 512K, for the price of US $995.
Finally, a Mac 128K could be upgraded to a Macintosh Plus by swapping the logic board as well as the case back (to accommodate the slightly different port configuration) and optionally adding the Macintosh Plus extended keyboard.
Any of the kits could be purchased alone or together at any time, for a partial or full upgrade for the Macintosh 128K.
All upgrades were required to be performed by professional Apple technicians, who reportedly refused to work on any Macintosh upgraded to 512K without Apple's official upgrade, which at US$700 was much more expensive than about $300 for third-party versions.
The original Macintosh was unusual in that it included the signatures of the Macintosh Division as of early 1982 molded on the inside of the case.
This was designed to prevent unauthorized cloning of the Macintosh after numerous Apple II clones appeared, many of which simply stole Apple's copyrighted system ROMs.
Steve Jobs allegedly planned that if a Macintosh clone appeared on the market and a court case happened, he could access this Easter egg on the computer to prove that it was using pirated Macintosh ROMs.
The Macintosh SE later augmented this Easter Egg with a slideshow of 4 photos of the Apple design team when codice_2 was entered.
A few traditional computer users see the mouse, the windows, and the desktop metaphor as silly, useless frills, and others are outraged at the lack of color graphics, but most users are impressed by the machine and its capabilities.
Dogpile is a metasearch engine for information on the World Wide Web that fetches results from Google, Yahoo!, Yandex, Bing and results from other popular search engines, including those from audio and video content providers such as Yahoo!.
The site was created and developed by Aaron Flin, who was frustrated with the varying results of existing indexes and intending on making Dogpile query multiple indexes for the best search results.
It naturally drew comparisons with MetaCrawler, a multi-threaded search engine that had existed before, but Dogpile was more advanced, and it could also search Usenet (from sources including DejaNews) and FTP (via Filez and other indexes).
In July 2016, Blucora announced the sale of its InfoSpace business to OpenMail for $45 million in cash, putting Dogpile under the ownership of OpenMail.
In April 2005, Dogpile (owned and operated by InfoSpace, Inc. at the time) collaborated with researchers from University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University to measure the overlap and ranking differences of leading Web search engines in order to gauge the benefits of using a metasearch engine to search the web.
Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, and Ask Jeeves only 3.2 percent of first page search results were the same across those search engines for a given query.
Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search, and Ask Jeeves found that only 1.1 percent of first page search results were the same across those search engines for a given query.
While users of the search engine may not recognize a problem, it was shown that they use ~3 search engines per month.
Dogpile realized that searchers are not necessarily finding results they were looking for in one search engine and thus decided to redefine their existing metasearch engine to provide the best results.
Adams has had careers in advertising and film production and has served on many non-profit boards including Wikileaks, Greenpeace Australia, Ausflag, Care Australia, Film Victoria, National Museum of Australia, both the Adelaide and Brisbane festivals of ideas, the Montsalvat Arts Society and the Don Dunstan Foundation.
Adams has been appointed both a member and subsequently an officer of the Order of Australia; and he has received numerous awards including six honorary doctorates from Australian universities; Republican of the Year 2005; the Senior ANZAC Fellowship; the Australian Humanist of the Year, the Golden Lion at Cannes; the Longford Award; a Walkley Award; and the Henry Lawson Australian Arts Award.
Interviewed in 2006, Adams said that:My first memories were my mother... absolutely dependent on the begging bowl – that little round dish with a piece of cloth at the bottom where parishioners would put a couple of bob.
Adams began his advertising career with Briggs & James and, later, with Brian Monahan and Lyle Dayman, became a partner in the agency Monahan Dayman Adams.
Its lineage can today be traced to Publicis Mojo, an Australian subsidiary of the French multinational advertising and communications company holding Publicis Groupe.
He was the author of a 1969 report which led to legislation by Prime Minister John Gorton in 1970 for an Australian Film and Television Development Corporation (later the Australian Film Commission) and the Experimental Film Fund.
Together with Barry Jones, Adams was a motivating force behind the Australian Film Television and Radio School which was established under the Whitlam government.
Adams played a key role in the development of the South Australian Film Corporation, which was created in 1972 and became a model for similar bodies in other Australian states; and in the establishment of the Australia Council and the Australian Film Development Corporation, later known as the Australian Film Commission, the Film Finance Corporation Australia, and Screen Australia.
He was Chairman of the Australian Film Institute, the Film and Television Board of the Australia Council, the Australian Film Commission, and Film Australia.
He helped establish the Australian Caption Service, which provides services for hearing-impaired television viewers – and the Travelling Film Festival to take quality films into rural areas.
After the validity of his claim was questioned, Adams admitted he had been mistaken but insisted he had met Dale at some point in time, but had seemingly made no impression on her.
Holmes criticised Adams for largely ignoring the overthrow of an Australian prime minister on his program, despite it being broadcast live as events unfolded.
Apart from two brief mentions of the spill, Adams ignored the story preferring to have a 20-minute discussion about Kyrgyzstan, following by a conversation with a guest about cooking.
Holmes accused Adams of being blithe and asked why Adams would bother hosting a live radio program if live breaking news of major events was to be ignored.
Adams was the foundation chairman of the Commission for the Future, established by the Hawke government to build bridges between science and the community.
In 1988 the Commission won a major United Nations award for educating Australia on the issue of greenhouse and climate change.
Adams was the inaugural chair for the Australian Centre for Social Innovation, established by the South Australian government, and chaired the advisory board for the Centre for the Mind at the University of Sydney and the Australian National University.
He has been a board member of Greenpeace, CARE Australia, the National Museum of Australia, The Australian Centre for Social Innovation, the Adelaide Festival of Ideas and Brisbane's Ideas Festival.
Adams had a close relationship with every Labor leader from Gough Whitlam to Kevin Rudd, advising on public relations, advertising and policy issues.
In 2010, Adams resigned from the Labor Party after Rudd was defeated as the Leader of the Labor Party at the 2010 Labor leadership spill.
The Macintosh 512K is a personal computer that was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, inc. from September 1984 to April 1986.
The Mac 512K originally shipped with Macintosh System 1.1 but was able to run all versions of Mac OS up to System 4.1.
Like the Macintosh 128K before it, the 512K contained a Motorola 68000 connected to a 512 kB DRAM by a 16-bit data bus.
A 64 kB ROM chip boosts the effective memory to 576 kB, but this is offset by the display's 22 kB framebuffer, which is shared with the DMA video controller.
Apple sold a memory upgrade for the Macintosh 128K for $995 initially, and reduced the price when 256kb DRAM prices fell months later.
In particular, Microsoft Excel, which was written specifically for the Macintosh, required a minimum of 512 kB of RAM, but solidified the Macintosh as a serious business computer.
The LaserWriter printer became available shortly after the 512K's introduction, as well as the number pad, mic, tablet, keyboard, mouse, basic mouse, and much more.
The expanded memory in the 512K allowed it to better handle large word-processing documents and make better use of the graphical user interface and generally increased speed over the 128K model.
The original 512K could accept Macintosh system software up to version 4.1; System Software 5 was possible if used with the Hard Disk 20.
It differed from the original 512K in that it had an 800 kB floppy disk drive and the same improved ROM as the Macintosh Plus.
As with the original Macintosh, the 512K was designed with no slots for upgrade boards and had no hard-disk controller, so the few internal upgrades that were available for the 512K, such as General Computer's US$2,795 Hyperdrive hard drive, had to plug directly into the 68000 processor socket.
He has also produced children's books based on a number of other railways, as well as non-fiction articles and books on heritage railways.
Christopher Awdry is in many ways responsible for the creation of Thomas and his railway, which started as a story told to him by his father during a bout of measles in 1942.
In 2006 the current publishers, Egmont Books, decided to reprint the entire series in their original form; the fourteen books by Christopher were re-released at the beginning of August 2007.
In April 2010, Egmont Books confirmed that another Railway Series book, no 42 in the series, would be published in 2011.
In 2001 Christopher Awdry wrote six stories featured in two books concerning railway safety, which were distributed to every primary school and library in the country.
A series of six books has been produced featuring locomotives from the Eastbourne Miniature Steam Railway, and illustrated by Marc Vyvyan-Jones.
This is a list of team records recognized by the National Hockey League through the end of the 2018–19 NHL season.
Starting in 1999, teams played with only four skaters (unless they were on a two-man advantage, when they would be awarded an extra skater until the next stoppage).
Starting with the 1999-2000 season, the NHL credited one point to the team that lost in overtime, leading to a system in which teams could potentially earn three points between them in a single game, rather than a fixed number of two previously.
These changes in points awarded therefore make strict comparisons in wins, losses, and ties (after overtime, 1983–99, and in regulation, 1999–present) before and after these dates slightly problematic.
In control theory and signal processing, a linear, time-invariant system is said to be minimum-phase if the system and its inverse are causal and stable.
The most general causal LTI transfer function can be uniquely factored into a series of an all-pass and a minimum phase system.
The system function is then the product of the two parts, and in the time domain the response of the system is the convolution of the two part responses.
The difference between a minimum phase and a general transfer function is that a minimum phase system has all of the poles and zeroes of its transfer function in the left half of the s-plane representation (in discrete time, respectively, inside the unit circle of the z-plane).
Since inverting a system function leads to poles turning to zeroes and vice versa, and poles on the right side (s-plane imaginary line) or outside (z-plane unit circle) of the complex plane lead to unstable systems, only the class of minimum phase systems is closed under inversion.
Intuitively, the minimum phase part of a general causal system implements its amplitude response with minimum group delay, while its all pass part corrects its phase response alone to correspond with the original system function.
The analysis in terms of poles and zeroes is exact only in the case of transfer functions which can be expressed as ratios of polynomials.
It can be shown that in both cases, system functions of rational form with increasing order can be used to efficiently approximate any other system function; thus even system functions lacking a rational form, and so possessing an infinitude of poles and/or zeroes, can in practice be implemented as efficiently as any other.
In the context of causal, stable systems, we would in theory be free to choose whether the zeroes of the system function are outside of the stable range (to the right or outside) if the closure condition wasn't an issue.
Many physical systems also naturally tend towards minimum phase response, and sometimes have to be inverted using other physical systems obeying the same constraint.
Insight is given below as to why this system is called minimum-phase, and why the basic idea applies even when the system function cannot be cast into a rational form, which could be implemented directly as an exact digital filter.
I.e., we can find a system formula_2 such that if we apply formula_1 followed by formula_2, we obtain the identity system formula_5.
When we impose the constraints of causality and stability, the inverse system is unique; and the system formula_1 and its inverse formula_2 are called minimum-phase.
These two constraints imply that both the zeros and the poles of a minimum phase system must be strictly inside the unit circle.
These two constraints imply that both the zeros and the poles of a minimum phase system must be strictly inside the left-half s-plane.
For all causal and stable systems that have the same magnitude response, the minimum phase system has its energy concentrated near the start of the impulse response.
For all causal and stable systems that have the same magnitude response, the minimum phase system has the minimum group delay.
Since the zero formula_54 contributes the factor formula_60 to the transfer function, the phase contributed by this term is the following.
The denominator and formula_69 are invariant to reflecting the zero formula_54 outside of the unit circle, i.e., replacing formula_54 with formula_72.
We can extend this result to the general case of more than one zero since the phase of the multiplicative factors of the form formula_77 is additive.
So, a minimum phase system with all zeros inside the unit circle minimizes the group delay since the group delay of each individual zero is minimized.
Thus, its group delay is neither minimum or maximum but somewhere between the group delay of the minimum and maximum phase equivalent system.
To control the transfer functions that include these systems some methods such as internal model controller (IMC), generalized Smith's predictor (GSP) and parallel feedforward control with derivative (PFCD) are proposed.
It is suggested that it is the largest western boundary current in the world ocean, with an estimated net transport of 70 sverdrups (70 million cubic metres per second), as western boundary currents at comparable latitudes transport less — Brazil Current (16.2 Sv), Gulf Stream (34 Sv), Kuroshio (42 Sv).
The sources of the Agulhas Current are the East Madagascar Current (25 Sv), the Mozambique Current (5 Sv) and a recirculated part of the south-west Indian subgyre south of Madagascar (35 Sv).
The current follows the continental shelf from Maputo to the tip of the Agulhas Bank (250 km south of Cape Agulhas).
Here the momentum of the current overcomes the vorticity balance holding the current to the topography and the current leaves the shelf.
The core of the current is defined as where the surface velocities reaches , which gives the core an average width of .
As the Agulhas Current flows south along the African east coast, it tends to bulge inshore frequently, a deviation from the current's normal path known as Agulhas Current meanders (ACM).
Large-scale cyclonic meanders known as Natal pulses are formed as the Agulhas Current reaches the continental shelf on the South African east-coast (i.e.
As these pulses moves along the coast on the Agulhas Bank, they tend to pinch off Agulhas rings from the Agulhas Current.
Such a ring shedding can be triggered by a Natal pulse alone, but sometimes meanders on the Agulhas Return Current merge to contribute to the shedding of an Agulhas ring.
It is estimated that up to 85 Sv (Sv) of the net transport is returned to the Indian Ocean through the retroflection.
10 Sv of this is relatively warm, salty thermocline water, with the remaining 5 Sv being cold, low salinity Antarctic Intermediate Water.
Since Indian Ocean water is significantly warmer (24-26 °C) and saltier than South Atlantic water, the Agulhas Leakage is a significant source of salt and heat for the South Atlantic Gyre.
This heat flux is believed to contribute to the high rate of evaporation in the South Atlantic, a key mechanism in the Meridional Overturning Circulation.
A small amount of the Agulhas Leakage joins the North Brazil Current, carrying Indian Ocean water into the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre.
Before reaching the Caribbean Sea, this leakage gets heated up by the sun around the equator, and, when finally joining the Gulf Stream, this warm and salty water contributes to the formation of deep water in the North Atlantic.
Surface water filaments are estimated to account for up to 13% of the total salt transport from the Agulhas Current into the Benguela Current and South Atlantic Gyre.
Where the Agulhas turns back on itself the loop of the retroflection pinches off periodically, releasing an eddy into the South Atlantic Gyre.
These anticyclonic warm core rings are estimated to have a transport of 3-9 Sv each, in total injecting salt at a rate of 2.5formula_110 kg/s and heat at a rate of 0.045 PW.
Since the Pleistocene, the buoyancy of the South Atlantic thermocline and the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation has been regulated by the shedding of warm, saline Agulhas Rings.
The Agulhas leakage affects the Atlantic thermocline on a decadal timescale and over centuries it can change the buoyancy of the Atlantic thermocline and therefore the formation rates of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW).
analysed cores in the South Atlantic deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 20 000 years ago), and concluded that the Agulhas leakage was significantly reduced.
The trajectory of the current was the same during the LGM and that the reduced leakage must be explained by a weaker current.
Furthermore, it can be predicted that a stronger Agulhas Current will result in a more eastward retroflection and an increased Agulhas leakage.
, however, noted that changes in temperature and salinity in the Agulhas leakage is at least partly the result of variability in the composition in the current itself and can be a poor indicator of the strength of the leakage.
The south-east coast of South Africa is on the main shipping route between the Middle-East and Europe/the U.S. and several large ships sustain major damage because of rogue waves in the area where these waves occasionally can reach a height of more than .
Some 30 larger ships were severely damaged or sunk by rogue waves along the South African east-coast between 1981 and 1991.
Directly under the core of the Agulhas Current, at a depth of , there is an Agulhas Undercurrent which flows equatorward.
The undercurrent is deep and wide and can reach at , one of greatest speeds observed in any current at this depth, but it also displays a great variance with a transport of 4.2±5.2 Sv.
Below a separate layer of the undercurrent can be distinguished: the more coherent North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) which transports an average of 2.3±3.0 Sv.
NADW rounds the southern tip of Africa after which the major part (9 Sv) flow eastward and a smaller part (2 Sv) northward through the Agulhas Undercurrent and into the Natal Valley (the basin between South Africa and the Mocambique Plateau); remnants of NADW has been observed in the Mozambique Basin and Channel.
The undercurrent is more leaky than the Agulhas above, resulting in a relatively well-mixed composition of water masses — at intermediate depth there is a mixture of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Read Sea Water.
More research is needed but observations seem to indicate that during a meander event the Agulhas moves first onshore, then offshore, and finally onshore again, first weakening then strengthening 10-15 Sv.
At the same time the undercurrent is first squeezed offshore and weakened when the Agulhas moves onshore, then strengthened and forced upward when the Agulhas moves offshore, and finally returns to normal.
Due to mass continuity this drives surface waters down, resulting in the upwelling of cold, nutrient rich water south of the current.
This is especially notable in the Agulhas Retroflection waters, where chlorophyll-a concentrations tend to be significantly higher than the surrounding South Indian Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean waters.
Agulhas Rings are no exception, and have been observed to carry waters with low chlorophyll-a concentration water into the South Atlantic.
The size of phytoplankton in Agulhas Rings tends to be smaller than in the surrounding water (around 20 µm in diameter).
This removal of young fish can result in a reduced anchovy catch in the Benguela system if a ring passes through the fishery.
William was born the son of Prince Frederick of Württemberg (1808–1870) by his wife Princess Catherine Frederica of Württemberg (1821–1898), herself the daughter of King William I of Württemberg (1781–1864).
William's growing years coincided with a progressive dimininution of Württemberg's sovereignty and international presence, concomitant with the process of German unification.
Considered to be a popular monarch, William had the habit of walking his two dogs in public parks in Stuttgart without being attended by bodyguards or the like.
With William II's death in 1921 without male issue, the royal branch of the House of Württemberg became extinct and the headship of the house devolved to Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg head of the Roman Catholic cadet branch of the dynasty which ruled the Kingdom of Württemberg.
It is situated near the villages of Lympstone and Exton, between the city of Exeter, and the town of Exmouth in Devon.
CTCRM is under the full command of Fleet Commander and responsible for providing commando trained officers and other ranks for the front line.
CTCRM is structured with three training wings (Command Wing, Commando Training Wing and Specialist Wing) each with its own commanding officer.
Candidates who wish to become Other Ranks are required to attend the Potential Royal Marine Course (PRMC), held at CTCRM, in addition to academic, medical and interview assessments for candidates to the British armed forces.
Those who wish to become Royal Marine Officers are required to pass the Potential Officers Course (POC).This is a four day course which assesses physical and academic ability and is very similar to the PRMC.
Those who pass this and then go on to achieve well at the Admiralty Interview Board (AIB) will be given a place on the Young Officer Training course, this overall course lasts 15 months where over 7 of those months (34 weeks) are spent at CTC Lympstone and the rest at Britania Royal Naval College, the United States with the USMC and the West Coast of Scotland.
CTCRM is the home of Lympstone Division Royal Marines Volunteer Cadet Corps which is open to boys and girls aged 9 to 16 (who can serve until aged 18) from the local south east Devon area.
In control engineering, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system as a set of input, output and state variables related by first-order differential equations or difference equations.
State variables are variables whose values evolve through time in a way that depends on the values they have at any given time and also depends on the externally imposed values of input variables.
Additionally, if the dynamical system is linear, time-invariant, and finite-dimensional, then the differential and algebraic equations may be written in matrix form.
The state-space method is characterized by significant algebraization of general system theory, which makes it possible to use Kronecker vector-matrix structures.
With formula_1 inputs and formula_2 outputs, we would otherwise have to write down formula_3 Laplace transforms to encode all the information about a system.
Unlike the frequency domain approach, the use of the state-space representation is not limited to systems with linear components and zero initial conditions.
The internal state variables are the smallest possible subset of system variables that can represent the entire state of the system at any given time.
The minimum number of state variables required to represent a given system, formula_4, is usually equal to the order of the system's defining differential equation, but not necessarily.
If the system is represented in transfer function form, the minimum number of state variables is equal to the order of the transfer function's denominator after it has been reduced to a proper fraction.
It is important to understand that converting a state-space realization to a transfer function form may lose some internal information about the system, and may provide a description of a system which is stable, when the state-space realization is unstable at certain points.
In electric circuits, the number of state variables is often, though not always, the same as the number of energy storage elements in the circuit such as capacitors and inductors.
The state variables defined must be linearly independent, i.e., no state variable can be written as a linear combination of the other state variables or the system will not be able to be solved.
Stability and natural response characteristics of a continuous-time LTI system (i.e., linear with matrices that are constant with respect to time) can be studied from the eigenvalues of the matrix A.
The roots of this polynomial (the eigenvalues) are the system transfer function's poles (i.e., the singularities where the transfer function's magnitude is unbounded).
This may be the case if unstable poles are canceled out by zeros (i.e., if those singularities in the transfer function are removable).
The state controllability condition implies that it is possible – by admissible inputs – to steer the states from any initial value to any final value within some finite time window.
Observability is a measure for how well internal states of a system can be inferred by knowledge of its external outputs.
The observability and controllability of a system are mathematical duals (i.e., as controllability provides that an input is available that brings any initial state to any desired final state, observability provides that knowing an output trajectory provides enough information to predict the initial state of the system).
The transfer function formula_45 is defined as the ratio of the output to the input of a system considering its initial conditions to be zero (formula_46).
This state-space realization is called controllable canonical form because the resulting model is guaranteed to be controllable (i.e., because the control enters a chain of integrators, it has the ability to move every state).
This state-space realization is called observable canonical form because the resulting model is guaranteed to be observable (i.e., because the output exits from a chain of integrators, every state has an effect on the output).
The presence of a negative sign (the common notation) is merely a notational one and its absence has no impact on the end results.
If the function formula_109 is a linear combination of states and inputs then the equations can be written in matrix notation like above.
They never settle voluntarily on the ground and spend most of their lives in the air, living on the insects they catch in their beaks.
The brown-backed needletail is a very large swift, and at 23 cm is bigger than the Alpine swift and the white-throated needletail.
The rock, above a flat plain, has the ruins of Dunamase Castle, a defensive stronghold dating from the early Hiberno-Norman period with a view across to the Slieve Bloom Mountains.
The first known settlement on the rock was Dun Masc, or Masc’s Fort, an early Christian settlement that was pillaged in 842 by the Vikings.
In 845 the Vikings of Dublin attacked the site and the abbot of Terryglass, Aed son of Dub dá Chrích, was killed there.
It was Dunamase where Diarmuid MacMurrough, King of Leinster, brought the wife of O'Rourke, the King of Breifne, after kidnapping her.
MacMurrough gave Dunamase and his daughter Aoife in marriage to the Norman conqueror Strongbow in 1170 as part of a deal to enlist his help to regain his lands.
The Norman invasion of Ireland then followed when Strongbow accompanied MacMurrough, along with many men, to attack and regain MacMurrogh's lands.
Later, with the marriage of Strongbow and Aoife's daughter and heir, Isabel, the castle passed into the hands of the Marshal family.
William Marshal, who later became Regent of England in the minority of Henry III, had five sons, all of whom succeeded him in turn and died without issue.
By the time the Mortimer family was rehabilitated the castle seems to have passed out of the area under Norman control.
In the later 18th century Sir John Parnell started to build a banqueting hall within the ruins and this work incorporated medieval architectural details taken from other sites in the area.
In numerous fields of study, the component of instability within a system is generally characterized by some of the outputs or internal states growing without bounds.
In the theory of dynamical systems, a state variable in a system is said to be unstable if it evolves without bounds.
In continuous time control theory, a system is unstable if any of the roots of its characteristic equation has real part greater than zero (or if zero is a repeated root).
This is equivalent to any of the eigenvalues of the state matrix having either real part greater than zero, or, for the eigenvalues on the imaginary axis, the algebraic multiplicity being larger than the geometric multiplicity.
The equivalent condition in discrete time is that at least one of the eigenvalues is greater than 1 in absolute value, or that two or more eigenvalues are equal and of unit absolute value.
Fluid instabilities occur in liquids, gases and plasmas, and are often characterized by the shape that form; they are studied in fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics.
Galaxies and star clusters can be unstable, if small perturbations in the gravitational potential cause changes in the density that reinforce the original perturbation.
Individuals with muscular weakness, occult instability, and decreased postural control are more susceptible to injury than those with better postural control.
Instability leads to an increase in postural sway, the measurement of the time and distance a subject spends away from an ideal center of pressure.
The measurement of a subject's postural sway can be calculated through testing center of pressure (CoP), which is defined as the vertical projection of center of mass on the ground.
Investigators have theorized that if injuries to joints cause deafferentation, the interruption of sensory nerve fibers, and functional instability, then a subject's postural sway should be altered.
The definition means the exclusion from this list of continuously habitable buildings and skyscrapers as well as radio and TV masts.
Also excluded from this list because they are not designed for public or regular operational access are bridge towers or pylons, chimneys, transmission towers, sculptures and most large statues and obelisks.
Towers are most often built to use their height for various purposes and can stand alone or as part of a larger structure.
The Tokyo Skytree, completed in February 2012, is , making it the tallest tower, and second-tallest free-standing structure in the world.
The Long Walk of the Navajo , also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo (), refers to the 1864 deportation and attempted ethnic cleansing of the Navajo people by the government of the United States of America.
The traditional Navajo homeland spans from Arizona through western New Mexico, where the Navajo had houses, planted crops and raised livestock.
There was a long historical pattern in the Southwest of groups or bands raiding and trading with each other, with treaties being made and broken.
In August 1851, Colonel Edwin Vose Sumner established Fort Defiance for the U.S. government (near present-day Window Rock, Arizona) and Fort Wingate (originally Fort Fauntleroy near Gallup, New Mexico).
Manuelito and Barboncito reminded the Navajo that the Army was bringing in troops to wage war, it had flogged a Navajo messenger, and opened fire on tribal headsman Agua Chiquito, during talks for peace.
They argued that the army had refused to bring in feed for their many animals at Ft. Defiance, took over the prime grazing land, and killed Manuelito's livestock that was there.
However, the army allowed other Native American tribes and Mexicans to steal livestock and capture Navajo to be used as slaves.
They were again given in protection, but two of their four sacred mountains were lost to them, as well as about one-third of their traditionally held land.
In March, a company of 52 citizens led by Jose Manuel Sanchez drove off a bunch of Navajo horses, but Captain Wingate followed the trail and recovered the horses for the Navajo, who had killed Sanchez.
Also during this time, a party of Mexicans and Pueblo Indians captured 12 Navajo in a raid, and three were brought in.
On August 9, 1861, Lt. Col. Manuel Antonio Chaves of the New Mexico Volunteer Militia took command of a garrison of three companies numbering 8 officers and 206 men at Fort Fauntleroy.
Chaves was later accused of being frugal in dispensing his post's supplies to the 1,000 or more Navajos that had remained close to the fort and was maintaining remarkably lax discipline.
With Confederate troops moving into southern New Mexico, Col. Canby sent Agent John Ward into Navajo lands to persuade any who might be friendly to move to a central encampment near the village of Cubero where they would be offered the protection of the government.
Ward was also instructed to warn all Navajos who refused to come in that they would be treated as enemies; he was partly successful.
Captain Evans was overseeing the abandonment of Fort Lyon and had been told that the new policy would be that the Navajo had to colonize in settlements or pueblos, mentioning the region of the Little Colorado west of Zuni as possibly an ideal place.
The United States government again turned its attention to the Navajos, determined to eliminate Navajo raiding and raids on the Navajo.
Carleton gave the orders to Kit Carson to proceed to Navajo territory and to receive the Navajo surrender on July 20, 1863.
When no Navajos showed up, Carson and another officer entered Navajo territory in an attempt to persuade Navajos to surrender and used a scorched earth policy to starve the Navajo out of their traditional homeland and force them to surrender.
Major General James H. Carleton would be assigned to the New Mexico Territory in the fall of 1862, it is then that he would subdue the Navajos of the region and force them on the long walk to Bosque Redondo.
A majority of the Navajos were abiding by these requirements but it was a band of Navajo freelancing raiding parties that would break these rules, for which the entire tribe would soon be penalized.
Phyllis Pamela Green (28 March 1929 – 7 May 2010) was an English glamour model and actress, best known at the end of the 1950s and early 1960s.
She modeled for Zoltán Glass and his brother Stephen Glass, Horace Roye, Jean Straker, Bill Brandt, Joan Craven, Bertram Park, George Pickow, and John Everard.
Born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England on 28 March 1929, Green attended Saint Martin's School of Art; she started figure modelling to pay for her art school studies and moved on to photographic modelling because it paid more.
She also worked as a dancer and appeared in the Latin Quarter at The London Casino (aka Prince Edward Theatre) and Bernard Delfont's Folies Bergère at the Hippodrome, London.
Early in her career, while still at art college, Pamela Green was photographed by Bill Brandt, Zoltán Glass and Angus McBean.
In 1954 Green started to supply the bookshops and newsagents of London's Soho with her own postcard sets of glamour photographs, to supplement her work as a photographer's model.
It was the first glamour magazine of any note in the UK, and heralded the top-shelf magazine industry in the country.
Her third partner was the photographer Douglas Webb, a former war hero of the Dambusters raid, with whom Green lived until his death in December 1996.
At first they lived in a Victorian villa on the Isle of Wight and in 1993 they moved to Yarmouth, where Green was a member of the Yarmouth Women's Institute.
One of the outstanding tactical attack aircraft of the war , it also proved successful as a heavy fighter, as a night fighter (Pe-3 variant) and as a reconnaissance aircraft.
The Soviets manufactured Pe-2s in greater numbers (11,430 built) during the war than any other twin-engined combat aircraft except for the German Junkers Ju 88 and the British Vickers Wellington.
In the sharashka, Petlyakov was put in charge of a team to develop a high-altitude fighter escort for the ANT-42 under the designation VI-100.
The first of two prototypes flew on December 22, 1939 and was a sophisticated aircraft for its time, featuring a pressurised cabin, all-metal construction, superchargers and many electrically actuated systems.
It is said that Petlyakov and his team could see the VI-100 prototype from their prison as it was put through its paces for the crowds watching the annual May Day parade in 1940.
The aircraft was initially designated PB-100, but Joseph Stalin was impressed enough with Petlyakov to free him, and his name was permitted to be used in the aircraft's designation.
While the Pe-2's flying characteristics were generally favorable once it was airborne, it took a good amount of force to pull the elevators up to rotate the plane for takeoff.
Russian night bombing missions often flew with female pilots and some of the women were not strong enough to get the airplane airborne by themselves.
When such a situation occurred, the procedure was to have the navigator get behind the pilot's seat and wrap her arms around the control wheel and help the pilot pull the wheel back.
Once the aircraft was airborne, the navigator returned to her duties and the pilot continued to fly the plane without assistance.
The dorsal ShKAS machine gun had a very high rate of fire; however, its 7.62 mm rounds proved inadequate against the armor protection of modern fighters as the war progressed.
To give more protection, another ShKAS was added that could be moved between sockets on both sides of the fuselage and, in an emergency, the gunner could fire upwards, but in this case they had to be quite strong to keep it in their arms.
The aircraft did not show its true potential until the end of 1941, after the Soviet Air Force had a chance to regroup after the German onslaught, during the Winter.
The Pe-2 quickly proved itself to be a highly capable aircraft, able to elude the Luftwaffe's interceptors and allowing their crews to develop great accuracy with their bombing.
The records of the 16th and 39th BAPs of the Western Front Air Force note that the Pe-2s crews had the greatest success in repelling the attacks of enemy fighters in June and July 1941.
A week later a group of Pe-2s was attacked by four Bf 109 and again brought down two of the attackers.
The Pe-2 regiments' operations were not always successful and the service pilots complained about insufficient defensive armament and survivability: there was a great risk of fire and insufficient armour protection, especially for the navigators and gunners.
On average, ten Pe-2 gunners were wounded for every pilot, and two or three were killed for the loss of one pilot.
Throughout 1942 the design was steadily refined and improved, in direct consultation with pilots who were actually flying them in combat.
Despite anecdotal reports by Soviet fliers, Pe-2s were a daylight bomber, often crewed by comparative novices in the early years of the war, and took significant losses, even when well protected by fighters.
In December 1942 General Turkel of the Soviet Air Force estimated the life expectancy of a Pe-2 was 30 combat flights.
An example of loss rates after the Soviets gained the upper hand can be gained by the losses suffered by the 1st and 2nd BAK.
The former started the month of July 1943 with 179 machines, and lost 52 that month, and 59 the next, ending August with 156 bombers after receiving replacements.
The 2nd BAK started July with 122 Pe-2s, with monthly losses of 30 and 20, ending August 1943 with 114 Pe-2s after replacements arrived.
Most of these losses were at the hands of the thinly stretched German fighter groups, which continued to inflict significant losses when present in strength, even in the closing months of the war.
For example, in the Baltic where JG54 Grünherz were the main opposition, and greatly outnumbered, the Soviet 1st Gv BAK lost 86 Pe-2's shot down (another 12 to other causes), mostly to German fighters between July 23, 1944 and February 8, 1945.
Western sources use mark Pe-2FT for production series after 83 (where FT stands for Frontovoe Trebovanie (Frontline Request)), although Soviet documents do not use this identification.
Final versions Pe-2K (transitional version of Pe-2I) and Pe-2I were produced in small numbers, due to the unwillingness of Soviet industry to decelerate production numbers.
These arrived at State Aircraft Factory facilities at Härmälä in January 1942, where the airframes were overhauled and given Finnish serial numbers.
The seventh Pe-2 was bought from the Germans in January 1944, and it was flown to Finland at the end of the month.
It was initially planned to use these planes as dive bombers in the 1st flight of LeLv 48, which began to receive its aircraft in July 1942, but during the training it was found out that this caused too much strain for the engines.
These sorties began in late 1942, and were often flown with two 250 kg (551 lb) bombs for harassment bombing and in order to cover the true purpose of missions.
By the time the Soviet Fourth strategic offensive started in June 1944, the secondary bombing role had already ended and the surviving Pe-2s began to be used solely at Karelian Isthmus in escorted (normally by four FiAF Bf 109 Gs) photographic reconnaissance flights in order to find out enemy troop concentrations.
During the Continuation War, three Pe-2s were lost in accidents or technical failures, one was destroyed in bombing of Lappeenranta airfield, one was shot down by Soviet fighters and one went missing in action.
PE-214 was destroyed in a failed take-off attempt at Härmälä on 21 May 1942: as Härmälä airfield was quite short, the pilot had to try to lift off with too little speed, which caused the aircraft to stall and crash, killing the crew.
Due to her father's job with the FDA, the family moved many times, living in California, New York, Michigan, and Maryland.
Kleks graduated from Susan E. Wagner High School, a public school in the Manor Heights section of Staten Island, New York City, New York.
She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, graduating in 1976 with a degree in political science, then earned a Juris Doctor degree at Southwestern University School of Law.
She was in private practice and worked as a public defender for the city of Los Angeles before she made a complete turnaround and became a prosecutor in 1981.
Clark is best remembered as the lead prosecutor in the 1995 trial of O. J. Simpson on charges of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson, his ex-wife, and Ron Goldman.
Prior to this trial, Clark's highest-profile prosecution was in 1991, when she prosecuted Robert John Bardo for the murder of television star Rebecca Schaeffer.
Clark resigned from the District Attorney's office after she lost the O. J. Simpson case and left trial practice behind her.
In July 2013, Clark provided commentary for CNN on the trial of George Zimmerman in Florida for the murder of Trayvon Martin.
Paulson's performance as Clark earned wide acclaim, and she earned a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award for the role.
She has said it was an experience she did not deal with until much later, and that it influenced much of why she became a prosecutor.
In 1980, Clark married her second husband, Gordon Clark, a computer programmer and systems administrator who was employed at the Church of Scientology.
Gordon argued at a custody hearing during the Simpson trial that he should receive full custody of their children due to the long hours Marcia spent working for the trial.
Clark no longer considers herself a religious person, although she was raised Jewish and her first wedding was a conservative Jewish ceremony.
He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu, in which he won the title in 2018.
Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success, before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship.
BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the season, during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary, after 113 races.
Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008, he was left without a drive for the season, until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009, and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive, Mercedes-engined car.
He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season, securing the World Drivers' Championship at the , having led on points all season; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors' Championship.
He spent a fifth season with the McLaren team in 2014, his fifteenth in Formula One, and went on to complete two further years at the team in 2015 and 2016 before stepping back from full-time racing to take an ambassadorial and reserve driver role.
He returned for a one-off appearance at the 2017 Monaco Grand Prix in place of Fernando Alonso which elevated him to joint second with Michael Schumacher in the list of all-time F1 starts.
From the 306 races that Button has started he has won 15, with a total of 50 podium finishes despite driving uncompetitive machinery for most of his career.
His time in F1 was characterised by fallow early years as he tried to make his mark, a competitive and ultimately successful middle stint in which he won the World Championship and won races for McLaren and a difficult end to his career as the team struggled with the new regulations introduced in 2014.
After his parents divorced when he was seven, he and his three elder sisters were brought up by their mother in Frome.
However, after a while the boy moved to his stepmother Pippa Kerr, who had been married to his father in 1994.
He began karting at the Clay Pigeon Raceway at the age of eight, after his father bought him his first kart, and made an extraordinarily successful start.
In 1997, he won the Ayrton Senna Memorial Cup, and also became the youngest driver ever to win the European Super A Championship.
Aged 18, Button moved into car racing, winning the British Formula Ford Championship with Haywood Racing; he also triumphed in the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch.
His prize included a test in a McLaren Formula One car, which he received at the end of the following year.
He finished fifth and second respectively in the Marlboro Masters and Macau Grand Prix, losing out by 0.035 seconds to winner Darren Manning in the latter.
A vacant race seat became available at the Williams team for the 2000 season, following the departure of Alessandro Zanardi, and team boss Frank Williams arranged a 'shoot-out' test between Button and Formula 3000 racer Bruno Junqueira, with Button securing the drive.
However, he performed strongly in the race and was set to score a point before his engine failed 11 laps from the finish.
A sixth-place finish at the next race in Brazil made him, at the time, the youngest driver ever to score a point.
However, Williams had intended to use Button only until they could exercise their option to buy the highly rated Juan Pablo Montoya out of his contract at Ganassi Racing.
A dip in Button's form, combined with Montoya's victory in that year's Indianapolis 500, led to Montoya being announced as his replacement midway through the season.
Button's best qualification of the season was third place in the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps; and his best result was fourth in the German Grand Prix.
Despite the worries about his inexperience, he made few mistakes during the season, the most notable coming in the Italian Grand Prix at Monza.
Under safety car conditions Button swerved to avoid the pack which had bunched up, and subsequently crashed into the barrier; he blamed Michael Schumacher who had been leading at the time (and so controlling the pace), and Schumacher apologised for it after the race.
He finished 17th in the Drivers' Championship with only 2 points, with his best result being fifth place at the .
He started well: in the second race of the season in Malaysia, he was on track for his first podium before a suspension problem in the final laps dropped him to fourth place.
Button's performances were greatly improved from the previous season's; although often outqualified by Trulli, he showed the faster race pace to outscore his more experienced teammate.
Despite Button's performances, and his desire to stay with Renault, it was announced at the French Grand Prix that he would make way in 2003 for test driver Fernando Alonso.
In July, Button signed a two-year contract with a two-year option for British American Racing, partnering 1997 world champion Jacques Villeneuve.
Their relationship did not improve after the first Grand Prix in Australia: Villeneuve was due to pit, but stayed out an extra lap and pitted when Button was due in, leaving Button waiting in the pit lane while Villeneuve's car was serviced.
Button performed well in the first six races, scoring eight points (the points system had changed that year to award points to the top eight finishers), including fourth place at the Austrian Grand Prix; Villeneuve had scored only three.
Button crashed heavily at 185 mph (298 km/h) during Saturday practice in Monaco, briefly knocking him unconscious, and he was detained in hospital overnight.
Button continued to outperform his teammate (although Villeneuve suffered a large number of mechanical problems), and this helped rebuild his previously faltering reputation.
Just before the final race in Japan, Villeneuve lost his seat at BAR, so Button was partnered with Takuma Sato; he took his second fourth place for the season, and finished ninth in the Drivers' Championship with 17 points.
His results for the season were impressive: he took 10 podiums in 18 races, and failed to score points in only three.
Button came third in the Drivers' Championship, behind the two utterly dominant Ferrari drivers, and helped BAR to take second in the Constructors' Championship.
Button's management argued that the BAR option was not valid because it contained a clause allowing him to leave if BAR risked losing their Honda engines.
They felt the new contract signed in the summer for Honda to supply engines to BAR was not definitive, and thus Button was free to move.
The dispute went to Formula One's Contract Recognition Board, who ruled in favour of BAR on 20 October, forcing Button to stay with the team.
Two of the men at the centre of the dispute were soon removed from their positions: team principal David Richards was replaced by Nick Fry after Honda bought 45 percent of the BAR business; and Button separated from his manager John Byfield, saying he had been badly advised.
He endured a difficult start: BAR were off the pace in the first race in Australia; and in the following race in Malaysia, both cars retired with engine failure after only three laps.
Two weeks later in the Bahrain Grand Prix, Button had fought his way to fourth place from eleventh on the grid, before a clutch problem forced him into another retirement.
Button finished third, but after the race scrutineers found his car had a second fuel tank kept inside the main tank; once both were drained, his car was 5.4 kg underweight.
Although the race stewards took no action, the FIA appealed against the decision and the case was examined by the FIA International Court of Appeal.
It could not be proved that BAR were deliberately cheating; however, for contravention of the rules, both drivers were stripped of their points from San Marino and banned from the next two races.
He surprised everyone by taking the second pole position of his career in Montreal, but crashed out on lap 47 of the race while running third.
The forced withdrawal of all teams using Michelin tyres, including BAR, at the controversial , meant Button and Sato were still yet to score points after nine races of a 19-race season.
Button had signed a pre-contract to drive for Williams in 2006, but he now believed his prospects would be better at BAR, and that his Williams contract was not binding.
The new team performed quite well in testing prior to the season, helped by the extra resources now available from Honda, and Button was confident in the car.
The early part of the season proved difficult; at the first round, he scored five points with 4th place, and finished on the podium in Malaysia.
In Australia, he qualified on pole, but was overtaken on the run to the first corner by Fernando Alonso and Kimi Räikkönen after a safety car period; he was running 5th in the race, before his engine blew at the last corner on the last lap.
At his home race at Silverstone, he qualified 19th after he lost time being weighed, and his team failed to get him on track quickly enough.
He retired at the , in a first lap collision involving several drivers and again at the due to an engine failure.
Button took the first win of his career in 2006 at a chaotic  – the 113th Grand Prix start of his career.
The race was badly affected by heavy rain, and Button passed a number of drivers in the early laps – including championship contender Michael Schumacher – and was up to fourth by lap 10.
Following the retirement of leading drivers Kimi Räikkönen and Fernando Alonso, he went on to win the race by just over half a minute from Pedro de la Rosa and Nick Heidfeld.
Button was the first British driver to win since David Coulthard in March 2003, and the first English driver to win since Johnny Herbert won the 1999 European Grand Prix.
Button finished fourth or fifth at each of the next five races and finished the season with a podium finish at the final round in Brazil.
He was unable to take part in winter testing, prior to the season because of two hairline fractures to his ribs, sustained in a karting incident in late 2006.
The race was no better, as he endured considerable understeer throughout, was given a drive-through penalty for speeding in the pit lane and finished 15th.
The next two races in Malaysia and Bahrain were just as unsuccessful, Button finishing 12th behind teammate Barrichello in Malaysia, and not even completing a lap in Bahrain, after colliding with Red Bull Racing driver David Coulthard at Turn 4.
The Honda RA108 proved to be uncompetitive, and he scored his only points at the with 6th place, but did not finish in the wet in front of his home crowd at Silverstone, where Barrichello finished third.
On 5 December 2008, Honda announced that they were quitting Formula One, due to the global economic crisis, leaving Button's chances of a drive in dependent on the team finding a buyer.
On 5 March 2009, it was announced that the former Honda team would race in 2009 as Brawn GP, following a late buy-out by Ross Brawn, the previous team principal of Honda Racing.
Button and Rubens Barrichello were confirmed as the team's drivers for , with Button reported to have taken a 50% pay cut as part of the deal.
2009 was the first time Button drove for an F1 team powered by something other than Honda since his 2002 season with Renault.
In the first half of the year the Brawn team benefited from a controversial diffuser design, which gave the teams using it an advantage over teams that did not.
Once the major teams introduced their own reconfigured diffusers Button's dominance ended, with Button winning 6 of the first 7 races, but averaging only 6th in the following ten races.
Brawn GP impressed from the first Grand Prix: Button took pole position in Australia, his first for the team and fourth ever, with Barrichello qualifying in second.
One week later he repeated the accomplishment, taking pole position and winning a rain-curtailed ; due to the rain the race was red flagged and only half points were awarded.
At the , Button finished third behind Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber, but returned to winning ways the following week in Bahrain despite only qualifying fourth.
Both Button and Barrichello initially planned to stop three times during the race; however, after he fell behind Barrichello at the first corner, Button was switched to a two-stop strategy, and this meant he ended up finishing comfortably ahead.
Button then managed his tyres much better than his teammate in the early stages of the race, building a lead which he did not relinquish, and making it a hat-trick of victories.
In Turkey, Button qualified second behind Vettel but a first-lap error from the German allowed him to take the lead and he held off the competition to take his fourth consecutive win.
This meant he had won six out of season's first seven races; an achievement matched only by Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Jim Clark and Michael Schumacher, who all went on to win the world title.
The in June marked the end of Button's superiority over the field, and was the first in a string of poor results for him.
Brawn GP were hopeful of a strong result in the , as the car had been significantly updated and was usually at its best in hot conditions.
His bad run continued in Valencia; he was out-qualified by his teammate, and then, held up behind Webber for a lot of the race, could finish only in seventh place.
The following race at Spa-Francorchamps, Button had his first retirement of the season after a collision with Romain Grosjean during the first lap.
This meant Button had scored only 11 points from his previous five races, and with five races left his lead was down to 16 points over Barrichello, and 19 and 20.5 over Vettel and Webber respectively.
The following race in Singapore, Button qualified poorly in 12th but performed much better on race day to take fifth place; Barrichello could manage only sixth.
With three races and 30 points remaining, this put Button 15 points ahead of his teammate and 25 ahead of Vettel, with Webber now unable to win.
A week later at the Japanese Grand Prix, the Brawn GP cars struggled again, Barrichello and Button finishing seventh and eighth respectively.
At the , Button was hampered in qualifying by a poor choice of tyres in the wet weather and could achieve only fourteenth position.
He ran as high as second place by halfway, but ultimately finished fifth, taking enough points to secure the championship with one round to spare.
At the final race of the season, in Abu Dhabi, Button qualified behind Barrichello again, but was able to achieve a podium by coming third.
Only Nigel Mansell (with 176 starts, at the 1992 Hungarian Grand Prix) had competed in more races than Button before winning the World Championship.
On 30 November 2009, Button was announced as one of the ten men and women shortlisted for the 2009 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award.
Button was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours for his services to motorsport.
Button's home town, Frome, has named a street, Jenson Avenue, after him, and has awarded him the Freedom of the town.
Following the buy-out of Brawn by Mercedes, Button announced on 18 November 2009 that he would be leaving the team to move to McLaren for the season.
Button said he moved because he wanted the motivation and challenge from competing head-to-head with Hamilton, and that Brawn had offered him more money.
A number of people, including former Formula One drivers John Watson, Jackie Stewart and Eddie Irvine, believed the move was a mistake, and that Button would struggle to compete with Hamilton at McLaren.
After a seventh-place finish in the opening round in Bahrain, Button won the second race in Australia from fourth on the grid.
Button was the first to come in for slick tyres on a damp but drying track, which lifted him to second place after the other drivers had pitted.
He inherited the lead when Vettel retired with brake problems and maintained his lead to the end without changing his tyres again.
His victory made him the thirteenth driver in Formula One history to have won Grands Prix for at least three different constructors.
Following an eighth-place finish in Malaysia, after starting seventeenth, Button went on to win his second race of the season from fifth on the grid in China, by staying on slick tyres while most of the other drivers pitted for intermediates, he was promoted to second place.
In Spain he was leapfrogged by Michael Schumacher and finished a frustrated fifth, before retiring in Monaco due to an overheating engine on lap three.
Button then finished second in Turkey after Red Bull teammates Mark Webber and Sebastian Vettel, who were leading the race, collided with each other.
His own teammate Hamilton took the win, after the two of them briefly touched after a few corners of wheel-to-wheel racing.
Hamilton had been told by the McLaren team to slow down and that Button would not pass him if he did so.
Button missed out on a podium at the , finishing fourth after problems with the balance of his car in qualifying had left him fourteenth.
After three further-points scoring finishes, Button retired at the after being hit by Vettel, which punctured the radiator of his car.
During the weekend, Button and his entourage were threatened by a number of gunmen on his way back from qualifying at Interlagos, although nobody was harmed during the incident.
After doing 39 laps on the option tyre, Button pitted and slotted back into third, where he would finish and secure fifth in the championship.
Button came second in Malaysia, and third in Spain and Monaco, losing the chance for a race win in the latter race after a red flag in the closing laps allowed Vettel and Alonso to change tyres.
Button made five pit-stops, had his teammate crash into him, served a drive-through penalty for speeding under the safety car – dropping him to last place – as well as sustaining a puncture from a collision with Alonso, and made 27 on-track passes to win the longest Formula One race in history.
The wheel gun failed to refit the wheel nut and Button was released by the pit crew with an unsecured wheel.
Button finished third in Belgium, having qualified in 13th after a miscommunication with his team, after overtaking Alonso with two laps to go.
In Singapore, Button chased Vettel who was in the lead with a few laps to go, closing at over a second a lap, but at the final moment, traffic denied him the chance to take first.
After Singapore he moved into second place in the Drivers' Championship, and he became the only driver that could deny Vettel a second consecutive title.
Button qualified fourth for this race and elevated himself to second position on the first lap, overtaking Alonso at the turn one and Webber on the long back straight.
In Abu Dhabi, Button qualified third and also finished in third after teammate Hamilton won the race and pole-sitter Vettel suffered a puncture on lap 1 and retired with suspension damage.
Button suffered a recurring KERS problem for a large part of the race, but still had a good gap between himself and fourth placed man Webber, as well as an almost equal gap to second placed Alonso in front.
At the final race of the season – the , Button outqualified Hamilton to start third on the grid and he also finished third – in both occasions behind the two Red Bull cars – by overtaking Alonso on lap 62.
Button went on to qualify second to Hamilton at the following race in Malaysia, however he finished 14th after a collision with the HRT of Narain Karthikeyan and a lack of grip.
This was Button's first non-points finish since the 2010 Korean Grand Prix and it ended a points streak which started at the 2011 Hungarian Grand Prix.
During the race Button found frustration with the levels of grip and retired on lap 55 due to an exhaust failure.
After failing to finish above 8th in the next four races, Button finished third in Germany, although he was later promoted to second after Sebastian Vettel was penalised in the race.
Button qualified in second place behind his teammate at the , and remained in second place until he had to pull up and retire with a fuel pressure problems two-thirds of the way through the race.
At the , Button qualified in fourth place and finished the race in second place after Vettel inherited the win when Hamilton had a gearbox failure during the race.
Button qualified in third place in Japan behind a Red Bull front row, but was hit with a five place penalty for a gearbox change and dropped to eighth.
He eventually finished fourth after Felipe Massa leap-frogged him in the pit stops and he was unable to overtake Kamui Kobayashi before the end of the race.
Button qualified down in eleventh place for the , but was forced to retire from the race after the first lap when Kobayashi collided with him and also Nico Rosberg.
During the , Button finished fifth behind teammate Hamilton, after starting the race fourth and being overtaking by Fernando Alonso in the opening laps.
He picked up his third win of the season at the season-ending in changeable conditions after a battle for the lead with Nico Hülkenberg and teammate Hamilton.
Button dropped back from the two halfway through the race but they then collided, with Hamilton retiring and Hülkenberg being forced to pit, Button was able to pick up his 15th and final career victory.
At the , Button qualified tenth and finished ninth, despite the team admitting that they did not truly understand the way the McLaren MP4-28 behaved in race conditions.
Button was partnered with Mexican driver Sergio Pérez after Lewis Hamilton left to join Mercedes after Pérez impressed McLaren CEO Martin Whitmarsh with the Sauber team in 2012.
Button's best result in 2013 was a 4th place at the last Grand Prix of the season in Brazil, ending a difficult and under-performing season for Button and the McLaren team as a whole in recent times.
After a difficult 2013 season with McLaren, it was announced in November 2013 that Danish driver, Kevin Magnussen would replace Sergio Pérez as Button's teammate for the 2014 season, after being a member of McLaren's Young Driver Programme.
There was a rule change for the 2014 season where the drivers could pick a car number and this would be their unique and personal car number for their Formula One career.
Button picked number 22 which was the car number he raced under during his World Championship winning year for Brawn GP in .
However, as 2nd placed Daniel Ricciardo was subsequently disqualified after his car was found to have exceeded the maximum allowed fuel flow rate of 100 , Button was promoted to 3rd.
Ultimately, Button finished the 2014 season 8th in the Drivers' Championship with 126 points; his teammate Magnussen finished 11th with 55 points.
With Alonso moving to McLaren for the season, when they would be using Honda engines, the team had not announced in November 2014 whether they would be retaining Button or Magnussen as Alonso's teammate, leaving both 2014 drivers wondering whether they would be driving in Formula One in 2015.
On 11 December 2014 McLaren announced that Button would be staying with them for the 2015 season, partnering former World Champion Fernando Alonso.
In the three pre-season tests Button, teammate Alonso and reserve driver Kevin Magnussen only had a single day over one hundred laps, which was completed by Button.
Arriving in Australia Button qualified 17th (out of 18) and finished 11th and last in the detuned McLaren to ensure the team and new power unit supplier, Honda Racing F1 would compile decent mileage because of energy recovery issues.
Button received a five-second time penalty dropping him one spot to 14th and two penalty points to his super licence which was previously clean for which the points will last twelve months.
Button had a horrible weekend in Sakhir where he had to stop on track three times, once in FP1, another time in FP2 and again in Q1 where he was unable to set a time and had to line up 20th and last on the grid.
Button also finished ninth at Sochi and in the next Grand Prix at Austin he finished an incredible sixth place out of 12 finishing drivers, with his teammate Alonso finishing eleventh.
Besides the points-scoring positions, Button and his teammate Alonso often qualified in the back of the grid, with the Briton being eliminated very often in Q1 in qualifying.
After the 2015 Japanese Grand Prix, McLaren principal Ron Dennis confirmed that Button would be driving for the team in .
Sometimes the McLarens were fighting for points, but on many of this races there were problems or retirements, especially for Jenson, who finished the season in fifteenth place with 21 points, with his teammate Alonso in tenth place with 54 points.
He has signed a two-year deal to be an ambassador with the team holding an option for him to return as a race driver in 2018.
Button replaced Fernando Alonso for the 2017 Monaco Grand Prix, after Alonso decided to compete in the Indianapolis 500 which was held on the same day.
Button qualified ninth for the race but was hit with a 15-place grid penalty for parts replaced on his Honda power unit, and then in addition required to start from the pitlane after his car was modified under parc fermé conditions.
During the race he was running behind Sauber's Pascal Wehrlein when the two collided on lap 58 at Portier, punting the Sauber into the barrier.
In November it was confirmed Button would step aside in order to allow Lando Norris to fill the reserve driver role at McLaren for 2018.
This concluded his association with McLaren which had seen him accrue the second-highest number of entries (136) for the team after compatriot David Coulthard.
Button took part in the Super GT showpiece Suzuka 1000 km race in August 2017, driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Mugen with teammates Hideki Mutoh and Daisuke Nakajima.
In qualifying, Button drove the car in Q1, missing a spot in Q2 by just 0.089 seconds, meaning they qualified ninth for the race.
In the race, the team climbed up to podium contention, until a drive-through penalty for an unsafe release in the pits dropped them from 3rd to 12th.
Another penalty for overtaking under the safety car and two separate tyre punctures meant that they couldn't climb up any places and the team eventually finished 12th, two laps down on the race-winning Honda of Nakajima Racing.
In December 2017 Button announced he had signed a deal to drive for Honda in the Japanese Super GT series in 2018.
In January it was announced he would partner Naoki Yamamoto to drive the #100 Raybrig Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu, contesting the 2018 season which began 7–8 April 2018 at Okayama.
Button and Yamamoto started the season with a second place finish at both the season opening race at Okayama and at Suzuka before the team won at Sugo.
The team would come to the final round at Motegi tied in points with the defending champions Ryō Hirakawa and Nick Cassidy.
In the race itself, Button was able to successfully hold off Hirakawa to give Honda their first championship title in the GT500 class since 2010, as well as Team Kunimitsu's first-ever championship title in Super GT.
On 27 April 2018, Button was confirmed as an SMP Racing driver in the LMP1 class of the 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship, including the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Driving with regular partners Mikhail Aleshin and Vitaly Petrov, Button's BR Engineering BR1 car retired from the Le Mans race with one hour remaining following an engine failure.
In his fourth WEC event at the Shanghai 6 Hours race, Button scored his first endurance racing podium with a third-place result.
Like many Formula One drivers, Button used to reside in the principality of Monaco, although he did live in Guernsey for 18 months before returning to Monaco in 2012, however he now lives with his fiancée Brittny Ward in the United States.
His hobbies include mountain biking, competing in triathlons and body boarding, and his car collection includes a Nissan GT-R, a 1956 VW Campervan, a Honda S600 and a Mercedes C63 AMG, a McLaren 675LT Spider, McLaren P1, numerous Ferraris and his championship winning Brawn BGP 001.
Button has at least three tattoos: a black coat button on his right forearm; a large tribal design encompassing his left shoulder and upper chest; and Japanese kanji-characters on his ankle which says ; this was done before he won the world title, and is the name of Button's triathlon team.
On 5 September 2011, Button opened a restaurant on Beulah Street in Harrogate called Victus, but it closed after less than a year in trading.
On 3 August 2015, Button and his wife Jessica were burgled at a rented Saint-Tropez home while staying with friends when robbers looted the house and stole belongings worth £300,000, including his wife's £250,000 engagement ring.
Reports suggested that the couple might have been gassed through the air conditioning system prior to the burglars' entry into the building.
On 18 January 2019, Button announced that he and Brittny were expecting their first child together, a son, named Hendrix, who was born in July 2019.
Vested interest (Crano, 1983; Crano & Prislin, 1995; Sivacek & Crano, 1982) is a communication theory that seeks to explain how certain hedonically relevant (Miller & Averbeck, 2013) attitudinal dimensions can influence and consistently predict behavior based on the degree of subjective investment an individual has in a particular attitude object.
Simply put, when people have more at stake with the result of an object (like a law or policy) that will greatly affect them, they will behave in a way that will directly support or defy the object for the sake of their own self-interest.
While he may not agree with this proposed change, he is not affected as much as a 15-year-old would be and is unlikely to protest the change.
A 15-year-old, however, has much to lose (waiting another year to get a driver license) and is more likely to vehemently oppose the new proposed law.
To gather support for his position, a course of action the 15-year-old might take would be to tell other soon-to-be drivers about the new law, so that they collectively have a vested interest in perhaps changing the law.
Another example of vested interest can be found in a study conducted by Berndsen, Spears and van der Pligt, which involves students from a University in Amsterdam where the teaching faculty proposed the use of English to teach the curriculum instead of Dutch.
Vested interest, in this case, suggests that students would be opposed to the use of English rather than Dutch simply based on the potential impact lectures conducted in English might have on their grades.
A key factor to consider with vested interest is the level or type of involvement the individual has with a particular attitude object.
Outcome-relevant involvement concerns those behaviors which hold direct personal consequences at a premium for the individual and as a result, corresponds most closely to vested interest.
Vested interest is essential in achieving success in collaboration where two or more individuals have the potential to gain or lose.
Organizations who strive for collaborative success benefit from understanding vested interest and that of other collaborators in order to maintain a supportive level of involvement.
The way people view vested interest as distinct from ego involvement, is a construct that has been the topic of social psychological research for many years.
In a study conducted by John Sivacek and William D. Crano, they prove that the aforementioned statement of ego involvement and vested interest are indeed separate.
The more emotionally connected people are to an idea, concept, or value, minor differences in beliefs can be viewed as significantly large and perhaps make harsh judgments or have stronger reactions.
It is important to note that while highly vested attitudes can be experienced as ego involving, the opposite is not always true.
For example, religious or political ideals with little or no hedonic value may still be ego-involved because individuals view those types of beliefs as part of who they are.
Ego-involvement, as it pertains to vested interest, is relative to Social Judgment Theory in that the concept of one's identity is the primary focus of efforts in continued involvement.
Essential to social judgment theory is the idea of ego thus actions or ideas with a varying degree of ego involvement carry a commensurate amount of vested interest to the individual as detailed by Sherif, Kelly, Rogers, Sarup, and Tittler.
One of the leading questions they sought to answer was how much ego involvement (vested interest) does an individual in a situation with no alternatives solutions have and does this ego involvement correlate to the number of options at hand.
Sherif et al., suggest the question was answered by Beck and Nebergall in 1967 who stated that individuals with little to no options have corresponding vested interest indicating low ego involvement.
Although an individual in America may consider this objectively important, because of the low probability of personal consequence—i.e., vested interest — his resultant behavior may not be indicative of his attitude towards the epidemic.
In other words, since the issue is of little hedonic relevance to the perceiver, the amount of vested interest is low, and is therefore unlikely to produce attitude-consistent actions.
Tragic circumstances halfway around the world or shocking behaviors by members of a culture different from the perceiver, will most likely never result in attitude change.
In politics, for example, voters have a vested interest in candidates whose values (policy) align with their own to include attitudes toward these values.
Due to the nature of politics, voters come to conclusions about one candidate over another based on perceived attitude importance (object) on these policies rather than vocal support alone placing a high value on this concept as it pertains to vested interest.
These are (a) stake, (b) attitudinal salience, (c) the certainty of the attitude outcome link, (d) the immediacy of attitude-implicated consequences, and (e) the self-efficacy of the individual to perform an attitudinally implicated act.
Stake refers to the perceived personal consequence of an attitude that is directly related to the intensity of vested interest and influences components that contribute to attitude-behavior consistency.
Referring to the concept of vested interest as it relates to attitude-behavior consistency, stake is an individual's macro involvement in a particular situation where the consequence is salient.
In a situation where stake is operationalized using certainly and immediacy, one found the likely effect of this was behavior relative to the immediate consequence, positive or negative.
For instance, in a study conducted to measure the relevance stake has on vested interest, students given a health assessment showed greater enthusiasm for items inquiring about donating blood when saving a life was salient (i.e.
Linking this discovery to vested interest, the research concluded that the salience effect was heightened when the attitude had important personal outcomes for someone.
The first person's attitude towards inmates and prisons will probably be more salient than that of the second person who has not experienced a similar trauma.
Attitudes that have been acquired through direct experience, such as the example just given, may be more salient than those acquired through vicarious processes.
The most powerful impression to emerge from all the analyses is the overwhelming effect of stake, or personal consequence, on attitude and behavior.
Mortality, for instance, would become salient when faced with a situation where death was probable or the known death of a friend, relative or an experienced event which resulting in someone's death.
Simply stated, if a certain course of action is taken, then the chances of a specific event occurring as a result of this action are evaluated by the perceiver to help shape his resultant attitudes and behaviors.
Although the chance of a prison escape is minimal, particularly in a maximum-security prison, it could occur and crimes against those living close by would increase.
Those living further away from the prison might argue that a prison break is unlikely and that there is no real risk.
Alternatively, those living close to the prison could make an equally valid argument about the dangers of living near the prison in the event of prisoners escaping.
Still others might realize there to be a potential risk to their safety, but would not deem it risky enough to move elsewhere.
If the consequences of an attitude consistent act are uncertain, attitude-consistent action is not likely to occur, due to the fact that vested interest will be reduced.
If the person assumes that the link between living near a prison and being a victim of a violent crime is minimal, then health and safety promoting behaviors consistent with this negative attitude are not likely.
However, if someone believes that living near the prison and being a victim of a violent crime is almost certain, that person would be unlikely to move close to the prison, assuming the person has a positive attitude toward safety or a negative attitude toward prisons and inmates.
For instance, in our prison example, people in opposition to the construction of the prison in their neighborhood may have felt that the amount of time to build the prison to and the eventual housing of prisoners was not long enough to make an informed decision.
They may also feel that it is only a matter of time before something negative happened to the local citizens as a result of having a prison nearby.
If the results of an attitude consistent action are thought to be immediate rather than delayed, the effects of stake, or vested interest, on attitude-behavior consistency will be more dramatic.
In other words, if a person living near the prison in the previous example perceives the possibility of a jailbreak could occur at a much later time in life, he may act in manner that is not consistent.
Vested interest such as organ donation, for example, make life and death salient which brings about the concept of immediacy to decide not necessarily to act.
This is seen in a mechanism which allows people to agree to donate organs in the event of their death (i.e.
If what they market is something a person is highly vested in and the marketing firm has simultaneously created an immediate need, then they have done their job to get consumers to behave as they desired.
Consumers who are not well versed in how marketing works may find themselves situations they did not wish to be in.
However, consumers who are cognizant of how marketing works may find this very useful in how they do or do not expend their resources.
Self-efficacy in regards to vested interest, is the amount that an individual believes that they are capable of performing an action associated with an attitude or advocated position.
Continuing with our prison example, residents with high vested interest that was covered by the other four components would need self-efficacy to protest the location of the new prison.
Conversely, if they lacked self-efficacy and therefore believed there was nothing they could do, then they would not act on their held attitude and vested interest will not have been attained.
Another way the concept of self-efficacy can be described is using social cognitive theory to understand the role thought, drive and emotion have on self-efficacy (20).
An example of this would be physical fitness, in that, elevated or decreased self-efficacy will cause one to accept or deny a strenuous task daily.
In one such study, Crano and Sivacek visited a university in Michigan and gathered the results of a proposed drinking-age referendum.
The respondents were divided into three categories: 1. high vested interest (those who would be significantly and immediately affected as a result of the referendum), 2. low vested interest (those who would be unaffected by the law change at the time of its inception), and 3. moderate vested interest (those who fell between the first two extremes).
Although 80% of the subjects were opposed to the referendum, their respective levels of vested interest clearly indicated that the strength of their attitudes significantly affected their resultant behaviors.
Half of the highly vested interest groups joined the anti-referendum campaign, but only a quarter of the moderately vested interest group and an eighth of the low vested interest group joined the campaign.
These results support Crano's theory of vested interest and reinforce the implications and considerations of stake, salience, certainty, immediacy, and self-efficacy discussed above.
It also proves the correlation between vested interest and action, based on what level of involvement the three types of students were willing to participate in.
In this experiment, subjects were informed that the university was considering the addition of a senior comprehensive examination to the graduate prerequisites.
The study found that those with the highest levels of vested interest were significantly more inclined to take action based on their attitudes concerning the issue; that is, their resultant behaviors (signing the petition, joining the group, pledging multiple hours with the group) occurred much more consistently and prevalently than that of the other two vested interest groups.
Crano conducted another study to prove that vested interest may affect people's belief that a majority of a population will support their attitude on an issue.
Under the guise of a public opinion survey, Crano created high and low vested interest groups by identifying whether upper- or lower-classmen would pay a surcharge to subsidize lost funding from the government.
The class who was selected to pay the surcharge had a high degree of vested interest while the student body not required to pay exhibited a lower degree of vested interest.
The study then determined the participants estimate of what percentage of the student body would support their beliefs regardless of impact.
Crano found that vested interest influenced assumed consensus and students believed that a majority of the university's population would support their plight even though only half would be affected.
In this experiment the objective was for half of the participants to show their own attitude toward smoking policies and the other half to show their thoughts on others attitudes toward smoking policies.
The group with the questionnaire regarding their personal attitude about smoking were asked: 1. if they were a smoker or a nonsmoker, 2. how heavy or light a smoker they were, 3. whether they would support an increase on cigarette tax, 4. would they do away with smoking advertisements, and 5. their thoughts on smoking restrictions in public places.
The second half of the participants were asked what percentage they thought smokers would support the previously mentioned policies for smokers or nonsmokers.
The results of this study replicated Green and Gerkin's 1989 study that nonsmokers had more support for smoking restrictions than did those that smoke.
Barbara Lehman and William Crano conducted a study regarding the persuasive effects of vested interest on attitude concerning political judgment which was published in 2001.
Additionally, respondents with vested interest in any one of the three areas were more than likely to endorse candidates whose focus was in that particular area.
Vested interest appears to affect people's tendency to overestimate the extent to which others agree with their beliefs, a bias known variously as the false-consensus or assumed-consensus effect.
If people tend to overestimate the number of others who share their beliefs, this tendency should be exacerbated in situations involving personally consequential, or highly vested, beliefs.
College student participants who thought that a new university policy would disadvantage them personally assumed that the great majority of the student body would evaluate the policy as they had, despite the fact that only half the student population would be similarly disadvantaged.
If it creates a sufficiently strong attitude, any of these components can cause an individual to adopt or reject a certain position.
All five are considered any time an individual is presented with a message that attempts to influence or persuade him to adopt a certain position or perform an action.
Due to his openly rude, immature and inappropriate behavior, including his history of sexual harassment towards female co-workers and mistreatment towards other co-workers such as voice actor Billy West and background artist William Wray, Kricfalusi remains a controversial figure among the animation industry, representing the issue of hostile work environment.
Michael John Kricfalusi was born on September 9, 1955, in Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada to a father of Ukrainian descent and mother of Scottish and English descent.
After their return they moved from Montreal to Ottawa in the middle of a school season, and Kricfalusi spent much of his time that year at home, watching Hanna-Barbera cartoons and drawing them.
Kricfalusi's interest in golden-age animation crystallized during his stay at Sheridan College, where he attended weekly screenings of old films and cartoons at Innis College held by film archivist Reg Hartt, among them the cartoons of Bob Clampett and Tex Avery, which left a deep impression on Kricfalusi.
After he was expelled from Sheridan College at the end of 1978, Kricfalusi moved to Los Angeles, California, intending to become an animator.
After moving to Los Angeles, Kricfalusi was introduced to Milt Gray by Bob Clampett, suggesting he should join Gray's classical animation class.
The animators had much more creative input, driven by Kricfalusi's production system that emphasizes artistic contribution in every step of the process, from outline to storyboard to layout to the animation.
Bakshi maintained that neither he nor Kricfalusi had the character sniffing cocaine, and that the character was sniffing the crushed petals of a flower, which were handed to him in a previous scene in the cartoon.
In 1994, Kricfalusi pitched a revival series of Mighty Mouse to Paramount, which would have featured other Terrytoons characters such as Deputy Dawg, but they rejected the idea.
ABC had been negotiating for the production of the show with the Clampett family, who insisted that Kricfalusi be part of the production as he was a strong proponent of Bob Clampett's cartoon style.
The long negotiations delayed the start of production to mid-July, causing much of the animation to be rushed in order to meet the September deadline.
Tensions rose between Kricfalusi and ABC over the tone of the show, leading to an uncomfortable atmosphere for the show's crew.
The pilot was very well received, leading Nickelodeon to order the production of the first 13 half-hour episodes of the show.
The show came to garner high ratings for Nickelodeon, and at the time was the most popular cable TV show in the United States, but the network disagreed with Kricfalusi's direction of the show, and disapproved of his missed production deadlines.
Nickelodeon terminated Kricfalusi's contract late September 1992, leaving it to Nickelodeon's Games Animation studio, which continued producing it for three more seasons before its cancellation.
Kricfalusi felt the show's supervisors were doing away with the Spümcø style and was displeased with the direction of the show.
He was not fully involved in the show until half-way through production and considers the episodes he was involved in to be experimental.
The first three episodes were based on fan ideas and scripts that were rejected by Nickelodeon during the original show's run.
While he was initially pleased with the added freedom afforded to him by Spike, he later expressed disappointment in the series due to its slow pacing and overuse of toilet humor.
Siebert approached Kricfalusi for advice and for recommendations for personnel to head the shorts, among them David Feiss, Tom Minton, and Eddie Fitzgerald.
Initially, Sony Music did not allow the video to be placed on Tenacious D's website and instead placed it on the record label Grand Royal's website, but later relented.
The cartoon, which was released in segments, was scheduled to be completed on June 1997, but production under MSN stopped before it was finished.
He was developing a series of cartoon commercials in 2008 for Pontiac Vibe starring George Liquor and Jimmy The Idiot Boy, but the series remained unreleased after General Motors discontinued the Pontiac Vibe auto line in 2009.
He developed and animated a series of bumpers using Toon Boom Harmony for Adult Swim in 2011 and again in 2015.
He collaborated with streetwear brand Stüssy to create a short series of apparel based on his designs in 2012, which he promoted with a commercial featuring some of his characters.
The cartoon was due to be screened at the 2016 Annecy International Animated Film Festival for the first time, however at the last minute it was announced that it wasn't ready.
On April 6, 2019, in response to a person who asked whether the short was done or not on his Facebook page, said that it was still done, but the mastering of the short for DVD was in technical difficulties.
On May 27, 2019, John Kricfalusi announced the DVD masterings' completion and has release it on his MyShopify store within a week or two, with backers receiving first priority.
He partnered with animator Mike Judge to produce a series of shorts for UFC that aired on Adult Swim throughout 2016.
He acquired his skills largely by copying cartoons from newspapers and comic books as a child, and by studying cartoons and their production systems from the 1940s and 1950s.
His main influence is Bob Clampett, and he also names Chuck Jones, Frank Sinatra, Kirk Douglas, Milt Gross, Tex Avery, Peter Lorre, The Three Stooges, Al Jolson, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Don Martin and Robert Ryan.
In March 2018, Robyn Byrd and Katie Rice disclosed to BuzzFeed that Kricfalusi sexually harassed and groomed them for sexual abuse while they were underage.
Byrd told the website that she was in a sexual relationship with Kricfalusi in 1997 at age 16, and flew to California to live with him when she was 17.
Rice said that Kricfalusi had flirted with her and made overt sexual comments towards her starting when she was 14, and sexually harassed her when she turned 18 and began working at his animation studio, Spümcø.
Documents Rice and Byrd had saved from those years corroborate their stories, and several people who worked with Kricfalusi referred to his sexual harassment as an open secret in the animation industry.
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman is an American superhero television series based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster.
Developed for television by Deborah Joy LeVine, the series loosely followed the modern origin of Superman, established by writer John Byrne, where Clark Kent is the true personality and Superman a disguise.
The series focuses on the relationship and romance between Lois and Clark as much as the adventures of Clark's alter-ego, Superman.
On May 17, 1966, Jonathan and Martha Kent (Eddie Jones and K. Callan) witness the crash-landing of a small spaceship in Shuster's Field outside of Smallville, Kansas.
When they investigate, they discover the baby Kal-El and decide to raise him as their own, naming him Clark Jerome Kent (Dean Cain).
Clark often consults his parents either by telephone or in person, after impromptu Superman flights to Smallville, about personal and moral concerns and dilemmas.
Clark becomes acquainted with photographer Jimmy Olsen (Michael Landes in season 1, Justin Whalin thereafter) and gossip columnist Cat Grant (Tracy Scoggins).
Luthor sees Superman as a worthy opponent; he ultimately discovers his weakness to kryptonite and realizes he has a secret identity, vowing to learn it in hopes of making the hero's life difficult.
Following this theme, an innovation unique to the series was the depiction of Clark Kent and Superman's traditional hairstyles being reversed—here it is Superman whose hair is slicked-back, and Clark whose fringe falls more naturally.
An additional element that reflected the post-Byrne comics was the portrayal of Lex Luthor (at least initially) as a corrupt corporate tycoon, rather than the traditional mad scientist.
Many of the stories in season one involved normal human criminals using advanced and powerful technology or involved in large and dangerous conspiracies—most, if not all, of the Lex Luthor stories of season one.
After season one, series creator Deborah Joy LeVine left the show as a producer, and a new production team took over the series.
Episode plots gradually shifted from those in which Lois, Clark, and Superman only became involved with criminal elements or dangerous situations through their own initiative to more fantastic plots.
The show often centered on comic-style villains who specifically targeted Lois, Superman, or Clark from the beginning, rather than endangering the protagonists as a reactionary measure when they became threats to other criminal plans.
The series ended on a cliffhanger where Clark and Lois find an infant in their home with a note saying the child belongs to them.
Lane Smith breathed life and humor into the Daily Planet editor-in-chief Perry White and John Shea received positive reviews for his portrayal of Lex Luthor.
Lex Luthor's death in the season finale occurred after disagreements between Shea and the producers over the actor's strenuous commute between New York and Los Angeles.
No longer a regular cast member, he reappeared once in season two, twice in season three, and once in season four.
In a last-ditch attempt, Clark tells Lois that he is in love with her; she replies that she does not return his feelings but cares for him deeply as a friend.
Luthor decides to coincide his nuptials with the death of Superman, whom he traps in a kryptonite cage in the wine cellar of Luthor Tower, which also contains the chapel where the wedding will occur.
Clark had been working with Perry and Jimmy to expose Lex and they have enough evidence for the police to interrupt the wedding.
Clark, fearing his unrequited love for Lois may damage their relationship, tells her his profession of love was only out of a desire to protect her from Lex.
Lois, who was about to tell Clark that she loves him too, instead keeps it to herself and their relationship remains a friendship.
In season two, the character of Cat Grant was dropped, and Michael Landes was replaced with Justin Whalin as Jimmy Olsen.
The new producer, Robert Singer, planned a stronger focus on action; the show also shifted its focus onto the budding romance between Lois and Clark.
Lex Luthor returned in one episode and other villains from the comics, such as The Prankster, Metallo, the Toyman and the criminal group known as Intergang, began to appear.
During the season, Clark and Lois begin to consider dating but are interrupted by Mayson Drake (Farrah Forke), a district attorney who takes a romantic interest in Clark but has a total lack of regard for Superman.
After initially spurning Dan, Lois decides to date Dan when Clark frequently has to suddenly leave their talks or get-togethers to save other people (as Superman) but offers ridiculous reasons for why he had to suddenly depart.
In the season finale, Clark comes close to telling Lois his secret but does not, first because of his uncertainty about her reaction, and then interruptions by people plotting to expose his identity to the world.
At the end of the final episode, Clark proposes to Lois but Lois' response is left as a cliffhanger for the next season.
In the premiere episode, in responding to Clark's marriage proposal, Lois reveals that she knows Clark's secret identity and expresses concern about how she can trust him when he has kept that secret from her for so long.
A controversy erupted, when ABC presents the viewers with a bogus wedding, with Clark unwittingly married to a clone of Lois.
This was the start of a five-part story, in which Lois is kidnapped by Lex Luthor, replaced by a clone, the real Lois suffering from amnesia, and Clark trying to find the real Lois Lane.
After they separate for a time, Lois dates Patrick Sullivan, an antique dealer who is plotting to kill her in a sacrificial druid ritual, and she and Clark carry out assignments where they either pose as a married couple or are alone together for an entire weekend.
Once she recovers, Lois and Clark are still engaged when two other Kryptonians come to Earth, one of whom is Clark's wife.
They insist Clark go with them to save their world, New Krypton, from domination by an evil tyrant named Lord Nor; Clark leaves Lois, taking her wedding ring to remember her and as a promise to return as quickly as possible.
The series ended on a cliffhanger in which Lois and Clark find an infant in Clark's old bassinet, along with a note that claimed the child belonged to them.
This mystery was never resolved in the television series; however Brad Buckner, executive producer, and writer for the third and fourth seasons, later said that the infant was Kryptonian royalty hidden with Lois and Clark so they could protect him from assassins.
During the fourth season, ABC had announced a fifth season of the show; its producers and writers were unprepared when ABC later decided that no new episodes would be produced.
The series had weakened in its Sunday 8:00 pm timeslot and had been shifted to 7:00 pm in January, and was moved to Saturdays in the spring.
The ratings dropped even further, and the show finished its last season in 104th place, averaging less than 10 million viewers per episode.
The fourth season starts with Clark heading toward New Krypton, while the evil tyrant Nor has instead invaded Earth, so Clark returns just as Nor takes over Smallville.
The newlywed reporters discover that Clark cannot father a child with Lois, but at the end of the last episode, a child mysteriously appears.
The collection includes an introduction by Byrne, with the show's star Dean Cain and Teri Hatcher as Lois and Clark on the cover.
90 trading cards were issued alongside 9 special cards, a series of temporary tattoos and two illustrated cards by well known artists Boris Vallejo and Julie Bell.
Sky One held the premiere rights to the fourth season in 1997 and broadcast the show under the original full title.
Taylor, the fifth of six children, was born in Glencoe, Illinois, a north suburb of Chicago, to Marie (née Lecour) and George Park Taylor, an artist and hardware store operator.
The film, co-starring Courtney Love, centered on a Long Island mother and housewife who leaves her husband to pursue her dream of studying science.
Former boyfriend Michael Rapaport was arrested on May 18, 1997, for harassing Taylor and was charged with two counts of aggravated harassment.
He plead guilty to the charges in court and New York Supreme Court Justice Arlene Goldberg issued a protection order to keep him from contacting Taylor, as well as mandating that he undergo counseling.
She also introduced Louise Post and Nina Gordon, founding members of 1990s alternative band Veruca Salt, at a party in Chicago in 1993.
It is however more closely associated with wetland habitats where it is solitary and is less likely to scavenge than the related greater adjutant.
A large stork with an upright stance, a bare head and neck without a pendant pouch, it has a length of (outstretched from bill-to-tail measurement), weighs from and stands about tall.
The only confusable species is the greater adjutant, but this species is generally smaller and has a straight upper bill edge (culmen), measuring in length, with a paler base and appears slightly trimmer and less hunch-backed.
The larger median wing coverts are tipped with copper spots and the inner secondary coverts and tertials have narrow white edging.
The lesser adjutant is often found in large rivers and lakes inside well wooded regions, in freshwater wetlands in agricultural areas, and coastal wetlands including mudflats and mangroves.
It is found in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh (a colony with about 6 nests and 20 individuals was discovered near Thakurgaon in 2011), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Laos, Singapore, Indonesia and Cambodia.
In Sri Lanka, they are found in lowland areas largely within protected areas, though they also use forested wetlands and crop fields.
In Nepal, surveys in eastern districts had suggested that they preferentially use forested patches with small wetlands, largely avoiding crop fields.
Location of prey appears to be entirely visual, with one observation of storks sitting on telegraphic poles apparently scanning a marsh for prey.
They are solitary except during the breeding season when they form loose colonies, never exceeding 20 nests in a single colony.
The breeding season is February to May in southern India and November to January in north-eastern India, beginning as early as July.
The average size of 35 colonies with a total of 101 nests in central, lowland Nepal was 2.9 nests, ranging in size from one nest to 13 nests.
Location of colonies in central lowland Nepal was not related to tree density available on the landscape suggesting that nest trees are still adequate here.
However, lesser adjutant storks strongly selected non-domestic trees almost entirely, also preferring trees that were much taller and bigger relative to available trees on the landscape.
Religious beliefs and agro-forestry practices appear to be responsible for retaining trees that are preferred by lesser adjutants for locating their colonies.
Colony-level breeding success was also impacted by extent of wetlands around colonies, which ameliorated negative impacts of proximity to human habitation.
Colonies located on trees in agricultural landscapes of lowland Nepal had a higher breeding success relative to colonies located on trees in forested areas or protected wetland preserves suggesting that current agricultural practices with one season of flooded crops (rice during the monsoon season) followed by winter crops that need some pulsed irrigation (e.g.
Adult storks took an average of 30 minutes to return to nests with food for nestlings and fledglings, though there was considerable variation in this measure.
Time taken to return to nests by adults was impacted by colony size, age of chicks, amount of wetlands around colonies, and the progression of the season.
The breeding season in Nepal extended from the middle of the monsoon, when the primary crop on the landscape was flooded rice, to winter, when the cropping was much more mixed and the landscape was much drier.
This variation was clearly represented in the changing amount of time it took adults to return to nest after finding food.
They returned much faster during the monsoon, but took longer when the crops changed and the landscape dried out suggesting that changing cropping patterns can have serious implications on their ability to raise chicks.
Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen (Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl; 4 June 1856 – 30 December 1936) was a member of the House of Habsburg and the Supreme Commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I.
Friedrich was born at the castle Gross-Seelowitz (now Židlochovice, near Brno in Moravia) the son of Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria.
His siblings included Queen Maria Cristina of Spain, Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria, a candidate for the Kingdom of Poland, and Archduke Eugen of Austria, an Austrian officer.
Friedrich owned properties at Ungarisch-Altenburg (now Mosonmagyaróvár in Hungary), Belleje, Saybusch (now Żywiec in Poland), Seelowitz (now Židlochovice) and Frýdek in the Czech Republic, and Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia).
On 8 October 1878 Friedrich married at Château L'Hermitage in Belgium, Princess Isabella of Croÿ (1856–1931), daughter of Rudolf, Duke of Croÿ, and his wife Princess Natalie of Ligne.
Like most of the princes of the ruling house, Friedrich adopted a military career, and served creditably for many years as commandant of the V. (Pressburg) Corps.
Subsequently, commander-in-chief of the Austrian Landwehr (militia) and army inspector, he became, after the murder of the heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, inspector-general of the Austro-Hungarian Army.
In World War I, he was —from the dynastic point of view —as grandson of the victor of Aspern, Archduke Charles, and as nephew of the victor of Custoza, Archduke Albert, the predestined head of the armed forces of Austria-Hungary; and on 11 July 1914 Friedrich was appointed supreme commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army by Emperor Franz Joseph I.
He thought it his duty to accept this heavy responsibility, but, modestly estimating his own powers, left the actual exercise of the command to his chief-of-staff, Franz Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf.
In the performance of ceremonial duties, and as mediator for the settlement of the conflicting demands of the military, civil and allied elements, his services were undeniable.
In February 1917 Emperor Charles himself took over the supreme command; the Archduke, although the Emperor's representative, no longer appeared in the foreground.
was attended by his nephew, the exiled King of Spain; by numerous archdukes; by all the surviving Austro-Hungarian field marshals; by personal representatives of Hitler; by members of the House of Savoy; by the diplomatic corps; by a son of exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm; by representatives of the governments of Germany, Italy and Austria, and by Hungary's Regent, Miklós Horthy and his wife.
The powder is used to add its distinctive flavor to beverages and other foods, but it is also used in baking to help the dough cook properly.
Diastatic malt contains enzymes that break down starch into sugar; this is the form bakers add to bread dough to help the dough rise and create a certain crust.
Despairing of his opportunities in the United Kingdom, Horlick joined his brother William, who had gone to Racine, Wisconsin, in the United States, to work at a relative's quarry.
William Horlick became a patron of Antarctic exploration, and Admiral Richard E. Byrd named Horlick Mountains, a mountain range in Antarctica, after him.
The film explores the love between an 18-year-old Marine, Lance Corporal Eddie Birdlace, on his way to Vietnam, and a young woman, Rose Fenny.
The first portion of the film is set on November 21, 1963 (the day before President John F. Kennedy was assassinated).
After a few women reject his advances, Birdlace ducks into a coffee shop, where he encounters Rose, a waitress, on her break, practicing her guitar.
While walking to the bar where the party is to be held, Birdlace begins to have second thoughts about playing such a cruel trick on Rose after realizing she's not ugly enough to compete, and attempts to talk her out of going in.
Shortly after, Rose convinces Birdlace to dance with her, though at first he resists because he knows that's where the dates get judged.
The alcohol and dancing eventually make Rose feel dizzy, and she rushes off and ends up getting sick in the rest room.
In the ladies' room, it is revealed that Marcie is actually a prostitute whom Berzin has hired (which is a violation of the rules of the dogfight) and clues Rose in to the true nature of the party.
Birdlace is surprised to find himself enjoying spending time with Rose, so much so that he forgets that he was to have met up with his three buddies at a tattoo parlor where they were to get matching tattoos to solidify their friendship.
Birdlace makes up a story that he did not show up because he spent the night with the beautiful wife of an officer.
They agree to keep one-another's secrets, as Birdlace tears up Rose's address and throws it out the window of the bus.
Discharged from the Marines, he is walking with a limp, and it is suggested that his three friends were all killed in combat.
He is taken by how much things have changed in the three years since he was last there, with hippies and flower children everywhere.
He walks to the neighborhood where Rose's coffee shop is, and goes to a bar across the street to have a drink.
The film's soundtrack featured a number of prominent 1960s artists, including John Fahey, Bob Dylan, Woody Guthrie, Joan Baez, Pete Seeger and Malvina Reynolds.
The show, which features music and lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and a book by Peter Duchan, was directed by Joe Mantello and choreographed by Christopher Gattelli.
The cast also included Nick Blaemire, Annaleigh Ashford, Steven Booth, Becca Ayers, Adam Halpin, Dierdre Friel, F. Michael Haynie, James Moye and Josh Segarra.
It was nominated for five 2013 Outer Critics Circle Awards: Outstanding New Off-Broadway Musical, Outstanding New Score (Broadway or Off-Broadway), Outstanding Book of a Musical (Broadway or Off-Broadway), Outstanding Actress in a Musical (Lindsay Mendez), and Outstanding Lighting Design (Paul Gallo).
The show was also nominated for two 2013 Drama League Awards for Outstanding Production of a Broadway or Off-Broadway Musical and Distinguished Performance (Lindsay Mendez), as well as the 2013 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical (Lindsay Mendez).
[...] There's this guy up there screaming at the top of his lungs and then the next thing you know he hits the deck.
In July 2014, he was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Music by Northumbria University in his home city Newcastle in recognition of his significant contribution to the music industry.
His English father, Alan, was a coal miner and sergeant major in the British Army's Durham Light Infantry who died in 1996.
When he was young, Johnson performed in various shows with the Scouts, appeared in a play which aired on television, and joined a local church choir.
Following Bon Scott's death, the remaining members of the band briefly considered quitting, before concluding that Scott would have wanted AC/DC to continue.
Various candidates were considered for his successor, including ex-Back Street Crawler vocalist Terry Slesser and Slade's Noddy Holder, who declined, before selecting Johnson.
A symbol of the working class in the north of England, Brian Johnson customarily wears a newsboy cap on stage and frequently off.
His brother suggested that the singer wear the cap onstage to prevent sweat rolling off his thick, curly hair into his eyes while singing.
Johnson stated that his hearing issues hadn't come from performing for 36 years with AC/DC, but from having forgotten to put ear plugs in during a race that left him with a punctured left ear drum.
Guns N' Roses singer Axl Rose was recruited to complete the remaining 10 shows in North America and 12 shows in Europe.
Malcolm McDowell, who made his recording debut singing one of the songs for the soundtrack in Brian's studio, agreed to play Zeus.
A car and racing enthusiast, Johnson currently enjoys racing his vintage race cars: a Royale RP-4 and a Pilbeam MP84, which he races in vintage and historic races throughout the United States.
In 2007, Johnson and AC/DC bassist Cliff Williams took part in the Classic Rock Cares tour to raise funds for the John Entwistle Foundation, which is run by Entwistle's long-time friend and drummer Steve Luongo.
He finished 12th in the Daytona Prototype class, driving for 50+Predator/Alegra Racing, sharing the #50 RileyTech/BMW Daytona Prototype with Elliott Forbes-Robinson, Byron DeFoor, Jim Pace, and Carlos de Quesada.
It concludes with Johnson racing a Mini Cooper at Brands Hatch, and finishes with him stating he has bought the car he raced.
Series 1 comprised six episodes, with Johnson meeting contemporaries in the music industry to talk about their musical upbringings and careers.
Featured were Roger Daltrey (The Who), Lars Ulrich (Metallica), Nick Mason (Pink Floyd), Sting (The Police), Joe Elliott (Def Leppard), and Robert Plant (Led Zeppelin).
He is an avid supporter of his hometown football team Newcastle United FC, and was asked to invest in the club in the early 1980s after being invited to meet the board by club legend Jackie Milburn.
On 9 July 2014, Johnson was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Music by Northumbria University in recognition of his significant contribution to the music industry.
In 1716 he became the first person to have an account of the practice of inoculation published by the Royal Society.
The term was originally used for makers of lutes, but it came to be used already in French for makers of most bowed and plucked stringed instruments such as members of the violin family (including violas, cellos, and double basses) and guitars.
Luthiers however do not make harps or pianos; these require different skills and construction methods because their strings are secured to a frame.
Two important luthiers of the early 19th century connected with the development of the modern classical guitar are Louis Panormo and Georg Staufer.
His designs for a family of arch top instruments (mandolin, mandola, guitar, et cetera) are held in high esteem by today's luthiers, who seek to reproduce their sound.
Paul Bigsby's innovation of the tremolo arm for archtop and electric guitars is still in use today and may have influenced Leo Fender's design for the Stratocaster solid-body electric guitar, as well as the Jaguar and Jazzmaster.
A company founded by luthier Friedrich Gretsch and continued by his son and grandson, Fred and Fred, Jr., originally made banjos, but is more famous today for its electric guitars.
Bowed instruments include: cello, crwth, double bass, erhu, fiddle, hudok, morin khuur, nyckelharpa, hurdy-gurdy, rabab, rebec, sarangi, viol (viola da gamba), viola, viola da braccio, viola d'amore, and violin.
His son Nicolò (1596–1684) was himself an important master luthier who had several apprentices of note, including Antonio Stradivari (probably), Andrea Guarneri, Bartolomeo Pasta, Jacob Railich, Giovanni Battista Rogeri, Matthias Klotz, and possibly Jacob Stainer and Francesco Rugeri.
It is even possible Bartolomeo Cristofori, later inventor of the piano, apprenticed under him (although census data does not support this, which paints this as a possible myth).
He had at least five apprentices: his son Francesco, a helper named Battista, Alexander of Marsiglia, Giacomo Lafranchini and—the most important—Giovanni Paolo Maggini.
Luthiers born in the mid-17th century include Giovanni Grancino, Vincenzo Rugeri, Carlo Giuseppe Testore, and his sons Carlo Antonio Testore and Paolo Antonio Testore, all from Milan.
From Venice the luthiers Matteo Goffriller, Domenico Montagnana, Sanctus Seraphin, and Carlo Annibale Tononi were principals in the Venetian school of violin making (although the latter began his career in Bologna).
Important luthiers from the early 18th century include Nicolò Gagliano of Naples, Italy, Carlo Ferdinando Landolfi of Milan, and Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, who roamed throughout Italy during his lifetime.
The early 19th-century luthiers of the Mirecourt school of violin making in France were the Vuillaume family, Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin, and Collin-Mezin's son, Charles Collin-Mezin, Jr., Honore Derazey, Nicolas Lupot, Charles Macoutel, Charles Mennégand, and Pierre Silvestre.
The Jérôme-Thibouville-Lamy firm started making wind instruments around 1730 at La Couture-Boussey, then moved to Mirecourt around 1760 and started making violins, guitars, mandolins, and musical accessories.
Duke Albrecht was born in Vienna as the eldest child of Duke Philipp of Württemberg and his wife Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen.
Albrecht entered the armies of the Kingdom of Württemberg and the German Empire in 1883, rose quickly through its ranks and became the heir apparent to the throne of Württemberg.
As King William II had no sons, Albrecht was appointed the army's commander and assigned to the Ardennes, with Walther von Lüttwitz serving as his Chief of Staff.
This army he led to victory alongside Crown Prince Wilhelm's 5th Army at the Battle of the Ardennes in August 1914.
Following that victory, the 4th Army saw action in the First Battle of the Marne before being transferred to Flanders in October, where Albrecht commanded them during the Battle of the Yser.
Albrecht also commanded the German forces during the Second Battle of Ypres, where poison gas was used on a large scale for the first time.
The new Army Group Albrecht was placed under his command in February 1917 and he was responsible for the southern sector of the Western Front until the Armistice.
Albrecht had become heir presumptive to the Kingdom of Württemberg following the death of his father in October 1917, but the German Empire's World War I defeat and the abdication of his cousin King Willhelm II of Württemberg following the German Revolution prevented him from ever succeeding to the throne.
Albrecht was married in Vienna on 24 January 1893 to Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria, a daughter of Archduke Carl Ludwig.
The 1999 Salt Lake City tornado was a relatively rare tornado that occurred in Salt Lake City, Utah on August 11, 1999.
It was among the most notable tornadoes to hit west of the Great Plains in the 20th century and the second tornado to hit in Utah that resulted in a fatality (the other occurring in 1884).
This was the sixth significant tornado in Utah since June 1963.It was also one of only two F2 tornadoes to have hit Salt Lake County since 1950 (the other occurring on February 9, 1965 in Magna).
Afterwards, the storm started rotating, and at around 1:00 pm, many people reported seeing the storm rotate (forming a mesocyclone) as it moved into downtown Salt Lake City.
A non-descending funnel cloud developed and traveled from western downtown toward the northeast before terminating near Memory Grove Park upon reaching the base of the Wasatch Mountains.
The tornado uprooted trees and destroyed temporary tents set up for the Outdoor Retailers Association convention, claiming the life of one booth set-up supervisor, Allen Crandy, 38, of Las Vegas.
At the Delta Center (now the Vivint Smart Home Arena), home of the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association, the tornado shattered windows and tore off part of the roof.
All of the windows from the nearby Wyndham Hotel (now the Radisson Hotel), across the street from the temporary tents, were broken out, raining down shards of glass on people attempting to escape from the collapsed tents.
Nearly all of the trees in Memory Grove, a World War I memorial park at the mouth of City Creek Canyon near downtown, were reportedly torn out, as well as hundreds of old trees on the Capitol grounds.
This was the first major tornado to occur in a major urban area's downtown district and strike buildings of nearly tall according to Bill Alder of the National Weather Service.
The governor of Utah in 1999, Michael O. Leavitt, heard the sound of the tornado moving between the tall high-rise buildings just before the windows blew out.
They are characterized by native materials; flat roofs and large cantilevered overhangs for passive solar heating and natural cooling; natural lighting with clerestory windows; and radiant-floor heating.
Another distinctive feature is that they typically have little exposure to the front/'public' side, while the rear/'private' sides are completely open to the outside.
The Usonian design is considered among the aesthetic origins of the ranch-style house popular in the American west of the 1950s.
In 2013, Florida Southern College constructed the 13th Wright building on their campus according to plans that he created in 1939.
ft. building includes textile-block construction, colored glass in perforated concrete blocks, Wright photographs, a documentary film about the architect's work at the school, and furniture designed by Wright.
The building is home to the Sharp Family Tourism and Education Center, a visitor center for guests visiting campus to see the collection of Frank Lloyd Wright buildings.
However, this seems to be a misattribution, as there is as yet no published evidence that Butler ever used the word.
The creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, used the term in his speech at the 1910 World Congress of Esperanto in Washington, D.C., coincidentally the same year Wright was in Europe.
It lives in wetland habitats and certain crops such as rice and wheat where it forages for a wide range of animal prey.
Adult birds of both sexes have a heavy bill and are patterned in white and glossy blacks, but the sexes differ in the colour of the iris.
This recommendation was based on the disjunct distributions and differences in the iridescent colouration of the neck which the authors suggested might reflect different behavioural displays.
The only published weight for this species was a single specimen at , but this is nearly 35% less than the mean body mass of the closely related saddle-billed stork, which also attains a similar stature.
Adults have a glossy bluish-black iridescent head, neck, secondary flight feathers and tail; a coppery-brown crown; a bright white back and belly; bill black with a slightly concave upper edge; and bright red legs.
Juveniles younger than six months have a brownish iris; a distinctly smaller and straighter beak; a fluffy appearance; brown head, neck, upper back, wings and tail; a white belly; and dark legs.
Juveniles older than six months have a mottled appearance especially on the head and neck where the iridescence is partly developed; dark-brown outer primaries; white inner primaries that forms a shoulder patch when the wings are closed; a heavy beak identical in size to adults but still straighter; and dark to pale-pink legs.
In flight it appears spindly and a black bar running through the white wings (the somewhat similar looking migratory black stork has an all black wing) with black neck and tail make it distinctive.
In India, the species is widespread in the west, central highlands, and northern Gangetic plains extending east into the Assam valley, but rare in peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
This distinctive stork is an occasional straggler in southern and eastern Pakistan, and is a confirmed breeding species in central lowland Nepal.
Compared to other large waterbirds like cranes, spoonbills and other species of storks, black-necked storks are least abundant in locations with a high diversity of waterbird species.
The largest population of this species occurs in Australia, where it is found from the Ashburton River, near Onslow, Western Australia, across northern Australia to north-east New South Wales.
It extends inland in the Kimberley area to south of Halls Creek; in the Northern Territory to Hooker Creek and Daly Waters; and in Queensland inland to the Boulia area and the New South Wales border, with some records as far south as the north-west plains of New South Wales, along the coast of Sydney and formerly bred near the Shoalhaven River.
An estimated 1800 occur in the Alligator Rivers region of the Northern Territory, with overall numbers during surveys being low in all seasons.
A combination of aerial surveys and ground counts in the middle Fly River floodplain, Papua New Guinea during estimated 317 (December 1994) and 249 (April 1995) storks.
Densities of about 0.099 birds per square kilometre have been estimated in this region made up of a mosaic of cultivated fields and wetlands.
They frequently use freshwater, natural wetland habitats such as lakes, ponds, marshes, flooded grasslands, oxbow lakes, swamps, rivers and water meadows.
Freshwater, artificial wetland habitats used by these storks include flooded fallow and paddy fields, wet wheat fields, irrigation storage ponds and canals, sewage ponds, and dry floodplains.
In cultivated areas, they prefer natural wetlands to forage in, though flooded rice paddies are preferentially used during the monsoon, likely due to excessive flooding of lakes and ponds.
Nests are usually on trees located in secluded parts of large marshes or in cultivated fields as in India and lowland Nepal.
A pair stalk up to each other face to face, extending their wings and fluttering the wing tips rapidly and advancing their heads until they meet.
Nest building in India commences during the peak of the monsoon with most of the nests initiated during September – November, with few new nests built afterwards until January.
On agricultural landscapes, human disturbance can cause nesting adults to abandon nests in some locations, but storks in other locations nest successfully.
The nest is large, as much as 3 to 6 feet across and made up of sticks, branches and lined with rushes, water-plants and sometimes with a mud plaster on the edges.
The usual clutch is four eggs which are dull white in colour and broad oval in shape, but varies from one to five eggs.
Adult birds take turns at the nest and when one returns to relieve the other, they perform a greeting display with open wings and an up and down movement of the head.
Adults stop feeding the young at the nest and begin to show aggression towards the chicks after they are about 3 or 4 months old.
The number of stork pairs that succeed in raising chicks, and the average size of fledged broods, are related to monsoonal and post-monsoon rainfall, improving in years with higher rainfall.
At the nest trees, which are typically tall with large boles and a wide-canopy, the birds in Bharatpur competed with Indian white-backed vultures sometimes failing to nest due to the vultures.
While many wetland birds are flushed by birds of prey, these storks are not usually intimidated and can be quite aggressive to other large water-birds such as herons and cranes.
Adults aggressively defend small depressions of deep water against egrets and herons (at Malabanjbanjdju in Kakadu National Park, Australia), and drying wetland patches against waterbirds such as spoonbills and woolly-necked storks (at Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India).
The black-necked stork is a carnivore and its diet includes water-birds such as coots, little grebes, northern shoveller, pheasant-tailed jacana, and a range of aquatic vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates such as crabs and molluscs.
Stomach content analyses of nine storks in Australia showed their diet to contain crabs, molluscs, insects (grasshoppers and beetles), amphibians, reptiles and birds.
In well-protected wetlands, both in Australia and India, black-necked storks feed almost exclusively on fish but in the agriculture-dominated landscape of Uttar Pradesh in India they feed on a wider range of prey that include frogs and molluscs; storks obtained fish in wetlands, frogs from roadside ditches and molluscs from irrigation canals.
Their drinking behaviour involves bending down with open bill and scooping up water with a forward motion followed by raising the bill to swallow water.
These calls and behaviour are directed at adult birds and are a display to solicit food, particularly in drought years when younger birds are apparently unable to find food on their own easily.
Flocks of up to 15 storks have been observed in Australia and India, and form due to local habitat conditions such as drying out of wetlands.
The black-necked stork is widely scattered and nowhere found in high densities, making it difficult for populations to be reliably estimated.
The Sri Lankan population has been estimated to be about 50 birds while the species has become very rare in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia.
A 2011 study found the population in south-western Uttar Pradesh to be stable, although population growth rates may decline with an increase in the number of dry years or land use changes that permanently remove the number of breeding pairs.
They are threatened by habitat destruction, the draining of shallow wetlands, disturbance at nests, overfishing, pollution, collision with electricity wires and hunting.
The Binbinga people often consider the meat of the bird as taboo and eating its meat would cause an unborn child to cause the death of its mother.
The difference in iris colour among the sexes was noted in 1865 by A D Bartlett, the superintendent in charge of the collection at the Zoological Society of London.
The similarity in this aspect with the African saddle-billed stork was noted by Bartlett and commented on by J. H. Gurney.
Charles Darwin who corresponded with Bartlett was well aware of this and used it as one of the examples of sexual dimorphism among birds.
The male peacock is brightly coloured, with a predominantly blue fan-like crest of spatula-tipped wire-like feathers and is best known for the long train made up of elongated upper-tail covert feathers which bear colourful eyespots.
The Indian peafowl lives mainly on the ground in open forest or on land under cultivation where they forage for berries, grains but also prey on snakes, lizards, and small rodents.
Their loud calls make them easy to detect, and in forest areas often indicate the presence of a predator such as a tiger.
They forage on the ground in small groups and usually try to escape on foot through undergrowth and avoid flying, though they fly into tall trees to roost.
In the 20th century, Amotz Zahavi argued that the train was a handicap, and that males were honestly signalling their fitness in proportion to the splendour of their trains.
The earliest usage of the word in written English is from around 1300 and spelling variants include pecok, pekok, pecokk, peacocke, peocock, pyckock, poucock, pocok, pokok, pokokke, and poocok among others.
Peacocks are a larger sized bird with a length from bill to tail of and to the end of a fully grown train as much as and weigh .
The green peafowl is slightly lighter in body mass despite the male having a longer train on average than the male of the Indian species.
A white stripe above the eye and a crescent shaped white patch below the eye are formed by bare white skin.
The adult peahen has a rufous-brown head with a crest as in the male but the tips are chestnut edged with green.
The frequency of calling increases before the Monsoon season and may be delivered in alarm or when disturbed by loud noises.
The gene produces melanism in the male and in the peahen it produces a dilution of colour with creamy white and brown markings.
There can be problems if birds of unknown pedigree are released into the wild, as the viability of such hybrids and their offspring is often reduced (see Haldane's Rule and outbreeding depression).
The Indian peafowl is a resident breeder across the Indian subcontinent and is found in the drier lowland areas of Sri Lanka.
It is found in moist and dry-deciduous forests, but can adapt to live in cultivated regions and around human habitations and is usually found where water is available.
In many parts of northern India, they are protected by religious practices and will forage around villages and towns for scraps.
Some have suggested that the peacock was introduced into Europe by Alexander the Great, while others say the bird had reached Athens by 450 BCE and may have been introduced even earlier.
Besides its native habitat, the bird has been introduced by humans to the United States, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, South Africa, Portugal, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Croatia (Split, island of Lokrum), and elsewhere.
In isolated cases, the Indian peafowl has been known to be able to adapt to harsher climates, such as those of northern Canada.
The first whole-genome sequencing of Indian peafowl identified a total of 15,970 protein-coding sequences, along with 213 tRNAs, 236 snoRNAs, and 540 miRNAs.
PSMC analysis suggested that the peacock suffered at least two bottlenecks (around four million years ago and again 450,000 years ago), which resulted in a severe reduction in its effective population size.
Peafowl are best known for the male's extravagant display feathers which, despite actually growing from their back, are thought of as a tail.
The colours result not from any green or blue pigments but from the micro-structure of the feathers and the resulting optical phenomena.
Peafowl forage on the ground in small groups, known as musters, that usually have a cock and 3 to 5 hens.
They are found in the open early in the mornings and tend to stay in cover during the heat of the day.
Nearly seven different call variants have been identified in the peacocks apart from six alarm calls that are commonly produced by both sexes.
In a study in northern India (Jodhpur), the number of males was 170–210 for 100 females but a study involving evening counts at the roost site in southern India (Injar) suggested a ratio of 47 males for 100 females.
Darwin developed a second principle of sexual selection to resolve the problem, though in the prevailing intellectual trends of Victorian Britain, the theory failed to gain widespread attention.
The American artist Abbott Handerson Thayer tried to show, from his own imagination, the value of the eyespots as disruptive camouflage in a 1907 painting.
However, the mechanism may be less straightforward than it seems – the cost could arise from depression of the immune system by the hormones that enhance feather development.
Marion Petrie tested whether or not these displays signaled a male's genetic quality by studying a feral population of peafowl in Whipsnade Wildlife Park in southern England.
She showed that the number of eyespots in the train predicted a male's mating success, and this success could be manipulated by cutting the eyespots off some of the male's ornate feathers.
The quality of train is an honest signal of the condition of males; peahens do select males on the basis of their plumage.
While train length seems to correlate positively with MHC diversity in males, females do not appear to use train length to choose males.
A study in Japan also suggests that peahens do not choose peacocks based on their ornamental plumage, including train length, number of eyespots and train symmetry.
The first explanation is that there might be a genetic variation of the trait of interest under different geographical areas due to a founder effect and/or a genetic drift.
However, a molecular phylogeny study on peacock-pheasants shows the opposite; the most recently evolved species is actually the least ornamented one.
However, some disagreement has arisen in recent years concerning whether or not female peafowl do indeed select males with more ornamented trains.
In contrast to Petrie's findings, a seven-year Japanese study of free-ranging peafowl came to the conclusion that female peafowl do not select mates solely on the basis of their trains.
Mariko Takahashi found no evidence that peahens expressed any preference for peacocks with more elaborate trains (such as trains having more ocelli), a more symmetrical arrangement, or a greater length.
Takahashi determined that the peacock's train was not the universal target of female mate choice, showed little variance across male populations, and, based on physiological data collected from this group of peafowl, do not correlate to male physical conditions.
Adeline Loyau and her colleagues responded to Takahashi's study by voicing concern that alternative explanations for these results had been overlooked, and that these might be essential for the understanding of the complexity of mate choice.
A 2013 study that tracked the eye movements of peahens responding to male displays found that they looked in the direction of the upper train of feathers only when at long distances and that they looked only at the lower feathers when males displayed close to them.
Males at lek appear to maintain small territories next to each other and they allow females to visit them and make no attempt to guard harems.
The peak season in southern India is April to May, January to March in Sri Lanka and June in northern India.
Nests are sometimes placed on buildings and in earlier times have been recorded using the disused nest platforms of the white-rumped vultures.
Downy young may sometimes climb on their mothers' back and the female may carry them in flight to a safe tree branch.
Large animals such as leopards, dholes, wolves, lions and tigers can sometimes ambush them however, and in some areas such as the Gir forest, peafowl are fairly common prey for such formidable predators.
In captivity, birds have been known to live for 23 years but it is estimated that they live for only about 15 years in the wild.
Indian peafowl are widely distributed in the wild across South Asia and protected both culturally in many areas and by law in India.
Zoos, parks, bird-fanciers and dealers across the world maintain breeding populations that do not need to be augmented by the capture of wild birds.
Poaching of peacocks for their meat and feathers and accidental poisoning by feeding on pesticide treated seeds are known threats to wild birds.
Methods to identify if feathers have been plucked or have been shed naturally have been developed as Indian law allows only the collection of feathers that have been shed.
Its adverse effects on crops, however, seem to be offset by the beneficial role it plays by consuming prodigious quantities of pests such as grasshoppers.
They can also be a problem in gardens and homes where they damage plants, attack their reflections breaking glass and mirrors, perch and scratch cars or leave their droppings.
Prominent in many cultures, the peacock has been used in numerous iconic representations, including being designated the national bird of India in 1963.
Many Hindu deities are associated with the bird, Krishna is often depicted with a feather in his headband, while worshippers of Shiva associate the bird as the steed of the God of war, Kartikeya (also known as Skanda or Murugan).
Another story has Indra who after being cursed with a thousand ulcers was transformed into a peacock with a thousand eyes.
Peacock motifs are widespread in Indian temple architecture, old coinage, textiles and continue to be used in many modern items of art and utility.
A folk belief found in many parts of India is that the peacock does not copulate with the peahen but that she is impregnated by other means.
The stories vary and include the idea that the peacock looks at its ugly feet and cries whereupon the tears are fed on by the peahen causing it to be orally impregnated while other variants incorporate sperm transfer from beak to beak.
Peacock motifs are widely used even today such as in the logos of the US NBC and the PTV television networks and the Sri Lankan Airlines.
Feathers were buried with Viking warriors and the flesh of the bird was said to cure snake venom and many other maladies.
In 1526, the legal issue as to whether peacocks were wild or domestic fowl was thought sufficiently important for Cardinal Wolsey to summon all the English judges to give their opinion, which was that they are domestic fowl.
Peacock tails, in isolation from the rest of the bird, are rare in British heraldry, but see frequent use in German systems.
During her tour in the south Pacific, she also escorted convoys carrying supplies and reinforcements to the Marines fighting on Guadalcanal and bombarded Japanese positions on the island and elsewhere in the Solomons.
Following the American victory on Guadalcanal in early 1943, Allied forces began preparations to advance along the Solomon chain, first targeting New Georgia.
Most of her crew were picked up by a pair of destroyers and one group landed on New Georgia where they were evacuated the next day, but more than a hundred remained at sea for two days, ultimately making land on Japanese-occupied Vella Lavella.
There, they were hidden from Japanese patrols by Solomon Islanders and a coastwatcher detachment before being evacuated on the night of 15–16 July.
As the major naval powers negotiated the London Naval Treaty in 1930, which contained a provision limiting the construction of heavy cruisers armed with guns, United States naval designers came to the conclusion that with a displacement limited to , a better protected vessel could be built with an armament of guns.
The designers also theorized that the much higher rate of fire of the smaller guns would allow a ship armed with twelve of the guns to overpower one armed with eight 8-inch guns.
The ship was powered by four Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by eight oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers.
She carried four Curtiss SOC Seagull floatplanes for aerial reconnaissance, which were launched by a pair of aircraft catapults on her fantail.
The ship was armed with a main battery of fifteen 6 in /47 caliber Mark 16 guns in five 3-gun turrets on the centerline.
Three were placed forward, two of which were placed in a superfiring pair facing forward, with the third being directly pointed aft; the other two turrets were placed aft of the superstructure in another superfiring pair.
The secondary battery consisted of eight /38 caliber dual purpose guns mounted in twin turrets, with one turret on either side of the conning tower and the other pair on either side of the aft superstructure.
As designed, the ship was equipped with an anti-aircraft (AA) battery of eight guns, but her anti-aircraft battery was revised during her career.
The ship was reconstructed in 1942 during repairs as a result of damage sustained in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941.
SG surface search radar, SC air search radar, and FC and FD fire-control radar sets for her main and secondary batteries were installed, along with a new anti-aircraft battery of eight Oerlikon cannon and sixteen Bofors guns in quadruple mounts, along with a director for each Bofors mount.
The ship's armored conning tower had proved to inhibit good all-around visibility, so it was removed and an open bridge was erected in its place.
In addition, the weight savings achieved by removing the tower helped to offset the increased weight from the larger anti-aircraft battery.
Her completed hull was launched on 28 August 1938, and after completing fitting-out, she was commissioned into the fleet on 14 December 1939.
World War II had broken out in Europe in September that year, but for the time being, the United States remained neutral.
After entering service, the ship was occupied with sea trials and initial training, and she embarked on a major shakedown cruise abroad on 27 December, bound for South American waters.
She stopped in Guantanamo Bay, an American-leased naval base in Cuba, on the way before arriving in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 22 January 1940; from there, she continued on to Montevideo, Uruguay on 29 January.
While in the latter port, the crew inspected the wreck of the German heavy cruiser that had recently been scuttled after the Battle of the River Plate the previous month.
She took part in training exercises and sea trials over the next several months until September, when she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet.
She passed through the Panama Canal toward the end of the month and arrived in San Pedro, California on 3 October.
From there, she continued on to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to join the rest of the fleet, arriving there on 21 October.
Over the course of the next year, the fleet spent its time conducting training exercises and shooting practice as tensions with Japan rose over the latter's war against China.
During this period, from 14 July 1941 to 16 September, the ship was dry-docked for maintenance at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard in California; it was during this period that the ship received her 1.1-inch guns.
The ships happened to be moored in the berth normally reserved for the battleship , which was currently in the dry-dock.
On the morning of 7 December, the Japanese launched their surprise attack on the American fleet with a first wave of forty Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers, fifty-one Aichi D3A dive bombers, and fifty B5N high-level bombers, escorted by forty-three Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters.
Three minutes into the attack, which had begun at 07:55, a B5N torpedo bomber dropped its torpedo at what its pilot expected to be the battleship.
The blast tore a hole in the hull that flooded the starboard engine and boiler rooms and severed wiring for the main and secondary guns.
The ship's crew raced to their battle stations and two minutes after the torpedo hit, the backup forward diesel generator had been turned on, restoring power to the guns.
Four other pilots pressed their attacks, but all of their torpedoes missed; by this time, the ship's anti-aircraft guns were beginning to engage the Japanese attackers, forcing one of the bombers to drop their torpedo before they reached an ideal launch position.
One of the torpedoes went wide and hit a transformer station, while the other three ran deep and embedded themselves in the harbor floor.
At the same time that the first wave had begun their attacks, the Japanese aircraft carriers launched a second wave consisting of eighty-one dive bombers, fifty-four high-level bombers, and thirty-six fighters.
The heavy anti-aircraft fire was credited with disrupting the aim of several Japanese bombers, which failed to hit the vessel with an estimated four near misses.
Twenty-six men were killed in the initial attack and another five later died of their wounds, while another sixty-six were injured but recovered.
A significant number of the casualties were the result of the torpedo hit, with many of the remainder from bomb fragments from the near misses.
2 in Pearl Harbor for an inspection and temporary repairs to allow her to return to the west coast of the United States.
She got underway for Mare Island for permanent repairs and modifications on 5 January 1942 in company with a convoy bound for California.
Repair work was completed by 4 July, with initial sea trials taking place on 3 to 4 July; only the directors for the 40 mm guns, still en route from the manufacturer, were left to be fitted.
She departed Mare Island later that month, moving to San Francisco where she joined six transports bound for the south Pacific.
Following the Actions along the Matanikau in late September and early October, the decision was made to send further reinforcements to the island, and so the 164th Infantry Regiment of the Americal Division embarked on a pair of destroyer transports; TF 64 provided the close escort for the vessels, screening them to the west to prevent Japanese forces from intercepting them.
By this time, the unit was commanded by Rear Admiral (RADM) Norman Scott, who conducted one night of battle practice with his ships on 8 October before embarking on the operation.
The ships patrolled to the south, just out of range of Japanese aircraft based in Rabaul over the course of 9 and 10 October and each day at 12:00 Scott took his ships north to Rennell Island, where they would be in position to reach Savo Island to block a Japanese squadron if it was detected by air.
On 11 October, American aerial reconnaissance detected Japanese vessels moving toward the island carrying their own reinforcements, and Scott decided to try to intercept them.
Unknown to Scott, the Japanese had sent a group of cruisers and destroyers to bombard the American garrison on Guadalcanal; this unit, commanded by Rear Admiral Aritomo Gotō, consisted of the heavy cruisers , , and and the destroyers and .
By 23:45, the gunnery radar of the American flagship finally detected the Japanese at a range of only , which was confirmed by lookouts on the American vessels.
Hoover requested permission from Scott to open fire, and after receiving what he interpreted as an affirmative answer, he ordered his guns to begin firing at 23:46.
Gotō was at that time still unaware of the Americans' presence and his ships were not prepared for action, having assumed that after the Battle of Savo Island, American naval forces would not challenge Japanese warships at night.
After only a minute of firing, Scott ordered his ships to cease firing because he was concerned they were accidentally shooting at the leading trio of destroyers, which had fallen out of formation during the course reversal.
Fire from the American ships did not actually stop at this point, and after clarifying the position of his ships, he ordered TF 64 to resume firing at 23:51.
At around midnight, Scott sought to reorganize his squadron to more effectively pursue the Japanese vessels; he ordered his ships to flash their fighting lights and come back into formation.
Despite having defeated the Japanese bombardment force, Scott missed a second group of warships carrying reinforcements to Guadalcanal, and they were able to deposit their men and supplies without incident.
Shortly after the battle, the new fast battleship was transferred to TF 64, which now came under the command of RADM Willis Lee.
Over the course of 21–24 October, Japanese land-based reconnaissance aircraft made repeated contacts with TF 64 as a Japanese fleet approached the area, but in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands that began on the 25th, the Japanese concentrated their air attacks on the American carriers of TF 17 and 61 and Lee's ships saw no action.
Meanwhile, the Japanese had assembled a convoy of their own carrying 7,000 men and supplies for the army already on Guadalcanal; it was to be supported by a bombardment force of two fast battleships, a light cruiser, and eleven destroyers.
On 12 November, Callaghan's ships and their transport vessels arrived off Guadalcanal, and while they unloaded, a Japanese artillery battery opened fire on the transports.
Turner believed that the Japanese aimed to either attach TF 67.4 and the transports as they withdrew that night or to bombard the Americans on Guadalcanal; he decided to keep Callaghan's unit off Guadalcanal and to send the convoy off with an escort of just three destroyers and two destroyer minesweepers, as TF 16 was too far south to be able to reach the area.
Callaghan escorted the convoy through Lengo Channel before turning back west to position his ships between the Japanese squadron and the garrison on Guadalcanal.
Abe's ships reached the area off Cape Esperance at around 01:25 on 13 November, by which time his vessels had fallen into disarray due to bad weather that greatly hampered visibility.
At 01:30, he received a report from observers that there were no American vessels off Lunga Point, leading him to order his ships to begin preparations for a bombardment.
Both sides' destroyers encountered each other at 01:42; continued confusion on Callaghan's part led to contradictory orders that threw the American squadron into disarray just as the two forces collided.
Abe received incomplete reports from his destroyers, causing him to hesitate briefly before ordering his ships to open fire at 01:48.
Hoover, the senior surviving officer in the shattered American squadron, ordered all vessels still in action to withdraw to the southeast at 02:26 while the Japanese retreated in the opposite direction.
The torpedo detonated one of the ship's magazines and combined with the damage she had sustained the previous night, caused her to rapidly sink.
Admiral William Halsey subsequently relieved Hoover of command, citing his failure to ensure a prompt report of the sinking was made, to attack the submarine, or to mount rescue operations.
After the war, Halsey expressed regret over the episode, noting that Hoover had been exhausted by the previous night's fighting and that he had been motivated by the need to preserve his ship and those under his temporary command.
The ship had received the new 5-inch shells fitted with proximity VT fuses, and her use marked the first time they were used successfully in combat.
Halsey had ordered Ainsworth to make an attack on Vila on the island of Kolombangara to neutralize the airfield there, and on 23 January he conducted a feint toward Munda to throw off Japanese aircraft who might have launched night torpedo attacks against his vessels.
The Japanese launched group of eleven floatplanes to scout for Ainsworth's cruisers while a second group of thirty Mitsubishi G4M bombers, but the American ships used rain squalls to evade the floatplanes, along with long-range 5-inch fire directed by the SC and FD radars to keep the aircraft at bay.
She was present as part of the distant support for the convoy operation that resulted in the Battle of Rennell Island on 29–30 January, but TF 64 was too far south to come to the aid of TF 18 during the action.
She was taken to the Sutherland Dock in the Cockatoo Island Dockyard on 15 March for repair work that lasted two days.
She then got underway on 26 March to return north to Espiritu Santo to resume bombardment operations against New Georgia as part of what was now designated TF 68.
She and the rest of the cruiser unit steamed to the northwest of Savo Island to avoid the raid; they escaped damage, but the attack forced the Americans to cancel the planned cruiser patrol that night.
By 1 July, the ships were about south of New Georgia, and on 3 July they reached Tulagi, where a false report of a Japanese airstrike briefly sent the ships' crews to their battle stations.
The Allied plan called for a second landing on New Georgia in the Kula Gulf on the northeastern side of the island.
A landing here would block the resupply route for the Japanese forces fighting on the island and it would also deny their use of the gulf to escape once they were defeated, as they had done on Guadalcanal.
Having attacked the Japanese positions around the Kula Gulf on several occasions, Ainsworth knew that the Japanese would be expecting further attacks as the New Georgia campaign got underway.
He instructed the cruiser commanders to expect Japanese naval forces to intervene, to be prepared to evacuate damaged ships, and if necessary, to beach badly damaged vessels in the Rice Anchorage.
At the same time, a group of three Japanese destroyers, , , and , left Bougainville with a contingent of 1,300 infantry aboard to reinforce the garrison on New Georgia.
The other vessels quickly joined in the bombardment, which lasted about fourteen minutes before the American column turned east to move to the Rice Anchorage to shell targets there.
The transport group then entered the gulf and steamed close to the shore to prevent intermingling with Ainsworth's squadron, which had turned north at 12:39 to leave the gulf.
Captain Kanaoka Kunizo, the senior destroyer commander in charge of the reinforcement operation, decided to withdraw as well to avoid engaging a superior force with his ships loaded with soldiers and supplies.
2 took more than five hours of work before the jammed case could be removed and replaced with a modified short case that allowed the shell that was still in the gun to be fired, clearing it for normal use.
Shortly thereafter, Ainsworth received orders from Halsey to return to Kula Gulf, as reconnaissance aircraft had spotted Japanese destroyers departing from Bougainville to attempt the planned reinforcement run that he had inadvertently disrupted the night before.
Since the previous night's reinforcement run had been aborted, the Japanese assembled a group of ten destroyers to make a larger effort the next night.
Meanwhile, the American force intending to block their advance had formed up by 19:30 and began the voyage back up the Slot.
As the Americans steamed toward Kula Gulf, the crews got their vessels ready for action, including closing all of the watertight doors to reduce the risk of flooding and turning off all lights to prevent detection by the Japanese.
The American squadron passed Visuvisu Point at the entrance to the gulf early on 6 July, at which point the vessels reduced speed to .
Ainsworth had no information as to the specific composition or location of the Japanese force, and patrolling Black Cats could not detect them in the conditions.
The American radars picked up Akiyama's escort detachment along with another group of destroyers that was racing to join him; Ainsworth decided to attack the first group and then turn about to engage the second.
Between the three cruisers, they fired around close to 1,500 shells from their 6-inch batteries in the span of just five minutes.
But even after the severe damage inflicted by the first torpedo, the aft main guns continued to fire, and the ship had not yet been fatally damaged.
Two minutes after the first torpedo hit, the second and third torpedoes struck the ship in quick succession, much lower in the hull than the first had hit, as much as below the waterline.
These hit further aft in the machinery spaces, breaking the keel, flooding the forward engine and boiler rooms, and breaching bulkheads that allowed water into the aft engine room.
He remained on the bridge with a signalman who attempted to flash a distress message with a signal lamp to no avail.
Cecil then ordered another man to dump classified documents overboard before he ordered those still on the bridge to evacuate as well.
With the keel having been broken by the second and third hit, the girders that supported the hull structure began to buckle, collapsing the entire structure amidships and breaking the hull in half.
The center third of the ship quickly sank but the bow and stern remained afloat for some time before flooding caused them both to point upward as they filled with water.
In the ensuing action, several of the Japanese destroyers were hit and forced to disengage, after which Ainsworth attempted to reorganize his force at around 02:30.
Nearly a thousand men were in the water, clinging to life rafts and waiting to be picked up by the destroyers, which reached the men at 03:41.
Cecil, who had survived the sinking and refused to be pulled aboard one of the destroyers, instead took command of the whaleboats that remained behind.
He supervised the loading of three of the boats (the fourth had broken its rudder and was of little use) to ensure that none became overloaded and capsized, and directed their route out of the gulf.
After sailing for much of the day, the boats finally reached a beach thought to be near American lines, so the boats got as close to shore as they could and the men waded ashore.
They had landed at Menakasapa, a small peninsula on the northwestern side of New Georgia, some seven miles north of American lines.
They combed the waters at the mouth of the gulf before observers aboard the destroyers spotted the men on the beach.
A significant number of men were still in the water; some life rafts remained in the area, while a number of men had climbed onto the still-floating bow or clung to pieces of floating wreckage.
A B-24 Liberator heavy bomber passed the area at low altitude to search for survivors and its pilot reported seeing the men who had climbed aboard the floating bow along with other groups in the water.
The survivors were subjected to brutal conditions while at sea: few provisions, no shelter from the sun, and no warmth at night when temperatures plummeted.
As the day wore on, a group of about 50 men took two rafts in an attempt to reach Kolombangara, but the current proved to be too strong for them to overcome.
As the day wore on, the groups of men began to drift apart; the men in one of the rafts rigged an improvised sail in an attempt to reach Vella Lavella, the next island to the west of Kolombangara.
Other groups of men were pulled there by the current; as the men reached the coral reef that surrounded the island on 8 July, they were met by locals who helped pull the men to shore and put them in contact with the coastwatcher station.
The coastwatchers organized a relief effort to bring the men inland to avoid the Japanese garrison and the patrols that routinely swept the coastal areas.
The Solomon Islanders gathered the groups of men as they made landfall over the course of late 7 to early 8 July and took some of them—104 in total—to the house of a Chinese merchant in the interior of the island.
Others were collected at two different points on the island to hide the men from the Japanese; these two groups numbered 50 and 11, respectively.
Turner's staff there immediately began making plans to launch a rescue operation, though the number of men to be retrieved from an enemy-occupied island complicated the effort, as the typical methods, via submarine or PT boat, would not be able to accommodate the 165 men on Vella Lavella.
Allied naval forces had not yet penetrated as far as Vella Lavella during the campaign, which brought them dangerously close to strong Japanese naval and air forces.
The plan called for the two smaller groups, both of which were located further north than the main group, to meet inland and proceed to the coast where they would signal the waiting transports.
The operation was initially planned for 12 July, but reports that Japanese vessels were operating in the area forced a postponement until the night of 15 July (and led to the Second Battle of Kula Gulf).
Four destroyers took up a defensive position to the northwest to block a possible attack by Japanese forces while the rest of the force steamed to the south of Kolombangara and then north through the Vella Gulf.
At 01:55 on 16 July, the men flashed the recognition signal to the waiting transports, which lowered three Higgins boats to ferry the men to the vessels.
The flotilla arrived back in Tulagi that afternoon and disembarked the survivors, who were then transferred to the French colony of New Caledonia, where they met the men who had been pulled from the water on the night of the sinking.
Out of a crew of almost 1,200, 168 men were killed, either during the battle or while the men were adrift.
The wreck was discovered on 11 April 2018 by the research ship , operated by Paul Allen during an expedition to the Solomons to search for the wrecks of warships sunk during the fighting there.
The film is a homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and '40s (also produced by Universal Studios which were in turn based on novels by Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley), of which Sommers is a fan.
Van Helsing suffers from amnesia, slaying evil on behalf of the Vatican City, hoping that he will earn redemption for forgotten sins.
He must also protect the last members of an ancient Romanian family, the Valerious, whose ancestor vowed that his descendants would kill Dracula, or fall into Purgatory.
Anna and Velkan Valerious attempt to kill a werewolf controlled by Dracula, but both it and Velkan fall into a river.
Van Helsing and Carl arrive in a village, where they and Anna are attacked by Dracula’s three brides – Verona, Marishka, and Aleera.
The two follow Velkan to Castle Frankenstein, now used by Dracula in an attempt to duplicate Dr. Frankenstein’s experiments to give life to his undead children, using Velkan as a conduit.
Van Helsing and Anna reach a deep cave below the destroyed windmill, where they meet Frankenstein’s monster, who is the true key to fulfilling Dracula’s plans.
Returning to the Valerious family's castle, Carl explains that Dracula is, in fact, the son of Anna’s ancestor, imprisoned within an icy fortress, hidden behind a large walled map of Transylvania.
The captured monster informs Van Helsing that Dracula possesses a cure for lycanthropy; Carl realizes that only a werewolf can kill Dracula.
The game is available in real world casinos and online, though users in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and the US are excluded from playing the online games.
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 24% of 226 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 4.18/10.
Instead, Sommers tries to hold an audience for two hours with nothing up his sleeve but colored ribbons, bright sparklers and a kazoo.
In May 2012, Universal Pictures announced that they would be rebooting the film with Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci as a two-year deal to produce a modern reimagining and Tom Cruise to star as the title character and also produce the film.
Its web operations were launched on February 24, 1999, and shut down on September 30, 2016 after being acquired by Walgreens in March 2011 for $409 million.
In June 1999, Rite Aid entered into a ten-year strategic relationship with Drugstore.com which allowed Drugstore.com customers to pick up prescriptions at Rite Aid stores, and enabled Drugstore.com to sell Rite Aid products, as well as vitamins from retailer General Nutrition Center (GNC).
On September 3, 2008, Drugstore.com amended and restated both the main agreement and the pharmacy supply and services agreement dated June 17, 1999 between Rite Aid and Drugstore.com.
Through those agreements with Rite Aid, Drugstore.com had access to Rite Aid customers through the RiteAid.com website and the Rite Aid online store, which was powered by the Drugstore.com website.
Its headquarters were at 411 108th Ave. NE, Suite 1600; Bellevue, WA 98004; (425) 372-3200, and the company had customer service centers in Bellevue, Washington and Halifax, Nova Scotia.
DS Distribution, Inc., located in the Pureland Industrial Complex in Logan Township, New Jersey, was its wholly owned subsidiary responsible for the distribution of OTC products, beauty.com products, and CNS (Custom Nutrition Services) products.
This in turn led to its invention of the very first inventory information approval system (IIAS) in 2005; it wasn't used in brick-and-mortar retailing until 2006 by Walgreens.
Under a 2006 Internal Revenue Service ruling, IIAS must be installed by every grocery store, discount store, and Internet pharmacy that accepts FSA debit cards by the end of 2007, and by most chain pharmacies by the end of 2008.
On July 28, 2016, Walgreens said it would shut down Drugstore.com and Beauty.com at the end of September, 2016, to focus on its own Walgreens.com website.
The peak–end rule is a psychological heuristic in which people judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak (i.e., its most intense point) and at its end, rather than based on the total sum or average of every moment of the experience.
According to the heuristic, other information aside from that of the peak and end of the experience is not lost, but it is not used.
Fredrickson and Kahneman theorized that these snapshots are actually the average of the most affectively intense moment of an experience and the feeling experienced at the end.
The second trial had subjects submerge the other hand in 14 °C water for 60 seconds, but then keep their hand submerged for an additional 30 seconds, during which the temperature was raised to 15 °C.
Against the law of temporal monotonicity, subjects were more willing to repeat the second trial, despite a prolonged exposure to uncomfortable temperatures.
Similarly, a 1996 study by Kahneman and Redelmeier assessed patients' appraisals of uncomfortable colonoscopy or lithotripsy procedures and correlated the remembered experience with real-time findings.
They found that patients consistently evaluated the discomfort of the experience based on the intensity of pain at the worst (peak) and final (end) moments.
Participants interacted with a computer program that had them wait to be served, while assessing their satisfaction as they were waiting.
Kahneman and Carmon found that how participants felt at the final moment of the experience was a good predictor of their responses when they were asked to retrospectively evaluate their experiences.
For example, participants who felt very dissatisfied during much of the experience but were satisfied in the final few seconds (because the waiting line moved faster than expected toward the end) summarized the experience as satisfying.
Kahneman and Carmon concluded that real time experiences that are based on expectations are discounted after the fact if those expectations are unfulfilled.
One underwent a colonoscopy procedure wherein the scope was left in for three extra minutes, but not moved, creating a sensation that was uncomfortable, but not painful.
found that, when asked to retrospectively evaluate their experiences, patients who underwent the longer procedure rated their experience as less unpleasant than patients who underwent the typical procedure.
Moreover, the patients in the prolonged discomfort group were far more likely to return for subsequent procedures because a less painful end led them to evaluate the procedure more positively than those who faced a shorter procedure.
The precise cause of this is unclear, but it has been demonstrated, for decades, across a wide variety of surveys and experiments.
Boston Red Sox fans asked to recall any one game they saw when the Red Sox won, for example, tended to recall the best game they could remember.
People asked to recall a television show or movie from the past tend to recall the most enjoyable show or movie that they can remember, and use this extreme example to rate all shows from its era unless they are also able to spontaneously recall shows or movies that are worse than the first show or movie they remember.
A paper by Garbinsky, Morewedge, and Shiv (2014) found evidence that for extended hedonic experiences, better memory for the end of the experience than the beginning (recency > primacy) can be attributed to memory interference effects.
As a person eats potato chips, for example, the formation of a new memory of the most recently eaten chip makes it harder for them to recall how the previously eaten chips tasted.
This can be accomplished through playing music customers enjoy, giving out free samples, or paying a clerk to hold the door for patrons as they leave.
However, as research by Talya Miron-Shatz suggests, retrospective evaluations of day-long experiences do not appear to follow the peak–end rule, which brings into question the applicability of this rule to approximately day-length consumer–business interactions, such as hotel stays.
The peak-end rule suggests that reference price, an internal price benchmark, is formed as a weighted average of the highest observed price and the most recent price.
Among all four reference price models (the peak-end model, extrapolative expectations model, adaptive expectations model, and rational expectations model), the peak-end model is the most plausible representation of consumer's cognitive processes at an individual level.
De Maeyer and Estelami suggest that occasionally raising the price of the brand above the desirable level may restore the reference price for the brand.
A long period of exceptionally high price may distort consumers’ price perceptions on the brand and result in a loss of consumers.
Second, the tactic is best suited to frequently purchased products (e.g., food, music, fragrance) where the frequency of sales minimizes the impact of the lost sale during the peak-price period.
Another study by Nasiry and Popescu examines the effect of low peak price and its interaction with loss aversion in optimal pricing strategies.
They discovered that steep discounts could permanently erode demand in the future, as lowest prices remain salient in the memory anchoring process.
They also pointed out the limitation of temporary price-raising strategy as being short-lived because these high prices affect only the reference price in the next period.
In 2006, a study was carried out at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, analyzing the implications of the peak–end rule on the perceived happiness experienced on vacations.
The peak–end rule is particularly salient in regard to medical procedures, since it suggests that it is preferable to have longer procedures that include a period of decreased discomfort than to have shorter procedures.
If people recall necessary but onerous procedures more positively, then they are more likely to return for repeat procedures later in life.
However, factoring the effect of the peak–end rule upon evaluations of medical procedures is problematic, since adding a period of decreasing pain to a procedure is still added pain.
Even though this certainly yields a better memory of the process, the patient still endures more pain than is strictly necessary.
Doctors and patients are forced to confront the choice between objectively less painful forms of treatment and forms of treatment that will be remembered more favorably.
A study by Hoogerheide and his team analyzes the effects of the peak-end rule in children's experience of receiving peer assessments.
The result shows that the peak-end rule likely influences children's perception and memory of the assessment as well as their learning outcomes and motivation.
In both experiments, the students reported that the extended assessment was remembered as more pleasant and less difficult to deal with.
Based on the result, Hoogerheide advises that teachers should structure the feedback by ending with the best part of the assessment.
When the assessment is overall negative, it is better to end with the most pleasant or most easily acceptable part of the negative feedbacks.
While the peak-end rule in human eating behavior may not be as general as in other contexts, studies have discovered some contextual factors that are influenced by the rule.
If their high expectation initially deviates from the actual experience, the valuation on the overall service could be driven primarily by the beginning experience.
Those paying low price may not have much expectation and therefore consider the peak to be much higher than high-price payers do.
For those paid $4, both the tastes of the last and the peak slices significantly predict the general evaluation for overall food taste.
In a buffet setting, they could provide some signage to make more popular items salient or place the most popular foods first in the line.
The effect of the peak-end role in eating behavior also depends on personal factors such as self-restraint level on food choice.
However, restrained eaters’ judgements on food are not influenced by the peak or end of the recent eating experience but by other cognitive factors such as semantic knowledge and beliefs about food that are already formed.
Additionally, the extreme effect of peaks fades more rapidly over time, causing peaks to be recalled less positively and troughs recalled less negatively over time.
Additionally, memories that are available for evaluation may change due to the fading affect associated with memory or differing goals in recall.
Goal orientation or initial expectations can also affect the weighting of a peak or an end, causing an end to be over-weighted as the culmination of a goal.
Every year on the battle's anniversary, a U.S. ship cruises into the waters and drops a wreath to commemorate the men who lost their lives.
For many Navy sailors, and those who served in the area during that time, the waters in this area are considered sacred, and strict silence is observed as ships cruise through.
The Andersons imported an Akadem Pickel ice axe from Austria for themselves as part of The Mountaineers Basic Climbing Course, and decided to set up a co-operative to help other outdoor enthusiasts in the club acquire good quality climbing gear at reasonable prices.
On June 23, 1938, with the help from Seattle attorney Ed Rombauer, five Mountaineers met at Rombauer's office, and each paid one dollar to join Recreational Equipment Cooperative.
During the first year, Recreational Equipment was nothing more than a shelf at the Puget Sound Cooperative Store, a farmer's co-op near Pike Place Market in Seattle.
Jim Whittaker, the first American to summit Mount Everest, was hired as the first full-time employee of REI on July 25, 1955.
When Whittaker climbed Mount Everest, it provided REI with so much free advertising that the following year, 1964, its gross income topped $1mil for the first time.
Through the 1970s, it identified itself prominently as REI Co-op, focusing primarily on equipment for serious climbers, backpackers, and mountaineering expeditions.
However, in the 1980s, with changes to its board of directors, the emphasis shifted toward family camping and branched out into kayaking, bicycling, and other outdoor sports.
It acquired nearby outdoor gear firm Mountain Safety Research in 1981, which later bought tent-maker Edgeworks and produced tents with the MSR brand.
REI kept MSR until 2001, when it exited the manufacturing business, selling the operation to Cascade Designs, another successful outdoor gear company in the Seattle area.
Beginning in 2014, with the introduction of the REI Co-Op line of clothing, REI publicly re-emphasized the cooperative aspect of its business model.
On Black Friday 2015, REI closed all of its stores, halted the processing of orders on its website, and gave all employees a paid day off.
Although Black Friday has been one of REI's top 10 days for annual sales, the company abstained from Black Friday and launched an #OptOutside marketing campaign, urging people to spend their time outside.
The current locations of the Outdoor School are the San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento and Reno areas, the Los Angeles area, the San Diego area, Boston and New England area, New York Tri-State area, Philadelphia, Washington D.C./Maryland/Virginia area, Chicago area, Minneapolis area, Denver area, Atlanta area, Portland area, and Puget Sound area.
It has since expanded by creating MTBProject.com, a website for mountain bike trail maps, HikingProject.com, for hiking trails, PowderProject.com, for backcountry skiing trails, and TrailRunProject.com, for cross-country running trails.
The acquisition brought new tour and rental capabilities in house at REI and signaled a renewed efforts towards diversifying the company's experiential offerings.
REI has a member owned co-operative headquartered in Kent, Washington, until 2020, when it will move to the Spring District in Bellevue, Washington.
REI is owned by its active members, persons who have paid a $20 lifetime membership fee and have purchased $10 or more of merchandise from REI in a given calendar year.
Each active member is entitled to vote for members of the company's board of directors and is eligible to receive a patronage dividend on qualifying purchases.
The annual dividend is normally equal to 10% of what a member spent at REI on regular-priced merchandise in the prior year.
The dividend, which becomes unredeemable on December 31 two years from the date of issue, can be used as credit for further purchases or taken as cash or check between July 1 and December 31 of the year that the dividend is valid.
Other benefits of REI membership include discounts on rentals, deals on shipping charges, REI adventure trips, and shop services, as well as rock wall access at locations that feature indoor climbing walls.
While the board serves at the members' pleasure, there is no path to board membership without the approval of the Board Nomination and Governance Committee.
The Andersons originally established the co-op structure to secure reduced prices for its members and REI now models itself as a boutique full-service retailer, with a website including order-on-the-web and free delivery to a nearby store, rather than as a low-price retailer.
Local stores host free clinics on outdoor topics and organize short trips originating from the store to explore local hikes and cycling paths.
Although most of what it sells is brandname merchandise from other companies, REI designs and sells its own private-label products under the REI, REI Co-Op, Evrgrn, and Novara brands.
REI has pledged to be a climate neutral and zero waste to landfill company in 2020 by focusing on the five areas of its business: green buildings, product stewardship, proper paper usage, reducing waste and energy efficiency.
To support local communities, REI offers meeting space free of charge to non-profit organizations, supports conservation efforts, and organizes yearly outdoor service outings.
It also sends volunteers to help groups with cleaning up the environment, building new trails, and teaching children the importance of caring for the environment.
REI is a key sponsor of The Access Fund, a non-profit organization committed to keeping America's climbing areas open by education, environmental protection, and advocacy.
In the aftermath of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting REI joined the 2018 NRA boycott and suspended orders from Vista Outdoor, a maker of outdoor products and rifles.
Lucette Michaux-Chevry (born 5 March 1929) was the President of the Regional Council of the French overseas department of Guadeloupe between 1992 and 2004.
President in 1992 for the first time, then reelected in January 1993, and in 1995 she was elected Mayor of Basse-Terre.
4 March 1948 in Gosier, on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, was the President of the General Council of Guadeloupe.
Stephen Lamont Davis (born March 1, 1974) is a former American football running back who played 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
He made the All-SEC team his last two seasons and graduated as the team's fourth all-time leading rusher behind Joe Cribbs, James Brooks, and Bo Jackson.
Davis currently holds the record for rush attempts (1,945), rush yards (8,052) and rushing TDs (65) amongst all Auburn alumni in NFL history.
He spent three seasons as a backup and fullback before getting the starting nod at the start of the 1999 NFL season.
In 2001, Davis rushed for 1,432, breaking the record he had set in 1999 for most rushing yards in a season by a Redskin.
Davis signed with the Carolina Panthers for the start of the 2003 NFL season, and was a catalyst in leading the team to Super Bowl XXXVIII.
Unfortunately for Davis, he suffered an injury early the following season, and was one of fourteen Panthers on injured reserve as the Panthers struggled to a 7-9 record.
He was also on the injured list early in the 2005 season, but came off the bench after a few games before being forced to sit out the remainder of the season with nagging knee injuries.
On August 24, 2006, Davis worked out with the St. Louis Rams and was offered a one-year contract, which he accepted.
On February 27, 2008 Davis signed a one-day contract with Carolina so he could officially retire as a Panther; he did so the next day on February 28, 2008.
Darcy Megan Stanger (born June 19, 1971, in Caldwell, Idaho), better known by the pen name Dame Darcy is an alternative cartoonist, fine artist, musician, cabaret performer, and animator/filmmaker.
Her self-published Tarot decks went viral world wide in 2012 with a second wave in 2018 for the Dame Darcy Mermaid Tarot Gold Edition deck and Queen Alice Tarot deck and were listed as Etsy Bestsellers in 2018.
She worked with writer Alan Moore and for such publishers as America's Best Comics, DC Comics, Image Comics, Kitchen Sink Press, Starhead Comix, Penguin Putnam, PressPop Tokyo, Merrell, Henry Holt and Company, and Seven Stories Press.
Dame Darcy acquired her initial skill set while still a child and teen working as an apprentice to her father in his sign-painting studio, Green Tree Graphics.
She has illustrated for fashion designers Anna Sui and Gothic Lolita designers CWC, Baby Doll, Ku, Coi Girl Magic and Jared Gold while working as a runway model in NYC and LA.
Dame Darcy planned to auction some of Kurt Cobain's leftover hair in 2015 but withdrew it following a complaint from Love.
Dame Darcy taught an independent comics publishing course at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan, as well as lecturing and workshops at Columbia University, and in Europe and Japan.
CABARET Acts, 1998 ‐ Present, at the following venues in New York City: Deep Dish, Slipper Room, Shrine, Red Vixen, Blue Angel.
Eddie Bauer, LLC is an American limited liability company, headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, that operates the Eddie Bauer clothing store chain.
The company was the first independent company which the United States Army hired and allowed to use a logo on the Army-issued uniform.
On June 17, 2009, Eddie Bauer filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in Delaware and was purchased by Golden Gate Capital.
In addition to the three sales channels, the company operates a distribution and fulfillment center in Groveport, Ohio; an IT facility in Westmont, Illinois; and a distribution center in Vaughan, Ontario.
Eddie Bauer is also a minority participant in joint venture operations in Japan and Germany that include retail stores, catalogs, and websites.
The company also selectively licenses the Eddie Bauer brand name and logo for various products sold through other companies including eyewear, furniture, bicycles, and, up until the 2010 model year, upper level versions of Ford Motor Company's Bronco, Explorer, Expedition and Excursion SUVs.
He first specialized in building and repairing tennis rackets and the shop was only open during the tennis season; Bauer spent the rest of the year pursuing his own sportsman activities.
Of all government suppliers, Eddie Bauer alone was granted permission to affix his company logo to his products used by the army.
In addition to the parkas, Eddie Bauer supplied the army with backpacks, pants and sleeping bags, all of which became standard issue for American troops in the war.
Prior to his involvement the army had a shortage in sleeping bags; Bauer eventually sold over 100,000 sleeping bags to the armed services.
The original mailing list included the names of 14,000 soldiers who had worn Eddie Bauer clothing provided by the army during their service.
Bauer transferred all of the common stock in Eddie Bauer, Inc., to Niemi who reorganized the store and improved cash flow.
In 1960, Eddie Bauer and William Niemi took on their sons, Eddie C. Bauer and William Niemi Jr. as partners in the company.
In 1968, Eddie Bauer retired and he and his son sold their half of the business to William Niemi and his son for $1.5 million.
After the sale, the company shifted its focus to casual clothing and expanded to 61 stores and made $250 million in sales by 1988.
This was meant to provide women with clothing they could wear throughout the week (e.g., at work) as opposed to just weekend wear.
This concept was sold solely through the catalog when the first All Week Long store opened in Portland, Oregon, in the summer of 1991.
In 1996, Eddie Bauer launched its Web site, www.eddiebauer.com, establishing a third channel of distribution to complement the retail and catalog divisions.
The company launched EBTEK, a new product line, including both the EBTEK System of high-performance interlocking outerwear, and EBTEK casual activewear.
Internationally, Eddie Bauer Japan opened 11 new stores, bringing the total to 24 stores in Japan, along with four outlet stores in various locations.
Eddie Bauer enters into a licensing agreement with the Lane Company, offering an exclusive collection of Eddie Bauer Home by Lane furniture.
Eddie Bauer entered into a three-year licensing agreement with Giant Bicycle, Inc., to launch a line of Eddie Bauer Edition mountain bikes for off-terrain and city riding.
In 1999, Safeco Field, the new home of the Seattle Mariners, signed a two-year sponsorship agreement with Eddie Bauer, establishing Eddie Bauer as the official apparel sponsor of Safeco Field event staff through the 2000 season.
National Geographic Ventures joined forces with Eddie Bauer to include the corporate sponsorship of a new giant screen film on Lewis & Clark.
Other elements included a multi-tiered travel alliance and Eddie Bauer sponsorships of Radio Expeditions (a National Geographic and National Public Radio co-production) and the National Geography Bee.
Eddie Bauer joined forces with American Forests to launch the Wildfire ReLeaf program, established to help in the restoration of land decimated by forest fires in 2000.
Eddie Bauer launched the first annual Add a Dollar to Your Local Community Charity program during the Eddie Bauer Associate Giving Campaign, and each of the 550-plus Eddie Bauer stores selected their own local charity to donate the funds raised in their local store.
It sold its flagship catalog business and its Newport News women's apparel unit and announced that Eddie Bauer Inc. was up for auction.
Spiegel then reorganized around the Eddie Bauer business with Eddie Bauer emerging as a standalone company with portions of its stock owned by Fidelity Investments, Bank of America, and J.P. Morgan Chase.
Bank of America, GE Capital and the CIT Group have agreed to provide up to $100 million in financing during the bankruptcy case.
CCMP, as a so-called stalking horse bidder, is entitled to a $5 million breakup fee if it loses during the court-supervised auction process.
In May 2013, Eddie Bauer joined with Disney, Nike, Patagonia, Quiksilver, and Todd Oldham to be the first apparel brands to join the Otis Sustainability Alliance.
Also in 2018, Eddie Bauer collaborated with PetRageous Designs and showcased the Eddie Bauer PET collection in the Global Pet Expo.
Eddie Bauer Japan, Inc., a joint venture between Eddie Bauer, Inc. and Otto-Japan, Inc. (a fully owned subsidiary of the German Otto group), was formed in 1994 to develop Eddie Bauer stores and distribute catalogs in Japan.
In June 1995, Eddie Bauer Germany was announced as part of a joint venture between Eddie Bauer Inc. and two members of the Otto-Versand Group (now Otto GmbH & Co KG): Heinrich Heine GmbH (Heine Group) and Sport Scheck.
Eddie Bauer entered the German market in 1994 with inserts in the spring/summer and fall/winter editions of Sport Scheck, one of the country's largest catalogs before Eddie Bauer Germany was announced and began distributing two Eddie Bauer catalogs a year in Germany for the spring/summer and fall/winter seasons.
Gilkey was still wearing his red Eddie Bauer down parka, an item that was standard issue for the members of the expedition.
On 5 July 1958, Pete Schoening and Andy Kauffman were the first men to stand atop Gasherbrum I, the 11th highest mountain in the world.
On 1 May 1963, around 1:00 pm Jim Whittaker, outfitted in Eddie Bauer outerwear became the first American to stand atop Everest<nowiki>, the worlds highest mountain at 8,848 meters (29,029 feet).
Everest Expedition had to walk the 180 miles from Kathmandu, Nepal, to base camp with 27 tons of gear taking a month and 900 porters.
At the end of April expedition leader Norman Dyhrenfurth informed Whittaker that he and </nowiki>Nawang Gombu Sherpa would make the first summit attempt.
Lute Jerstad and Barry Bishop followed the same South Col route as Whittaker but Tom Hornbein and Willi Unsoeld attempted the West Ridge route that had previously never been attempted.
The four planned to meet at the top where Jerstad and Bishop would lead Hornbein and Unsoeld down via the South Col. Hornbein and Unsoeld made the first ascent of the West Ridge but not until 6:00 pm.
Eddie Bauer developed the Kara Koram Expedition pants for the Dhaulagiri expedition as well as providing the team with Kara Koram Expedition parkas and sleeping bags.
They did so without using supplemental oxygen making Dhaulagiri the highest peak at the time to be summited without bottled oxygen.
In the summer of 1977, Galen Rowell organized a 6-man expedition to Pakistan's Great Trango Tower, a 20,623-foot unclimbed granite spire.
Expedition member, John Roskelley wrote to Eddie Bauer requesting that he be able to use the down gear originally intended for an unsuccessful spring expedition to Makalu on the Trango expedition and the company agreed.
In October 2008 Eddie Bauer personnel joined with Rainier Mountaineering, Inc. (RMI) guides to field test First Ascent gear in a real world high altitude expedition environment on Cotopaxi, a 5,897 meters (19,348 ft) active volcano in the Andes Mountain Range in Ecuador.
January 2008 a similar gear test by Bauer personnel and RMI guides took place on Cerro Aconcagua in the Andes of Argentina, the highest mountain in the Americas.
Jeffery Paine is an award-winning writer recognized especially for his work in bringing Eastern culture and spirituality to popular audiences in the West.
His writing falls in the category of creative or literary nonfiction, which unites original scholarship with the dramatic narrative and character development associated with a novel.
When he began writing he supported himself by managing hotels in America and Europe, including the oldest hotel in Amsterdam, and afterwards by working in advertising and public relations.
He has received fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Foundation, the American Institute of Indian Studies, and from the Templeton Foundation to study Tibetan medicine at Cambridge University.
During the 1990s he was regularly a visiting fellow at the East–West Center in Honolulu and subsequently had residencies at Yaddo, the MacDowell Colony, and the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center.
Paine has been a guest professor at Princeton University, San Francisco State University, the New School for Social Research, the Volksuniversiteit Amsterdam, and the University of Minnesota.
Through a series of dramatic biographies, extending from Lord Curzon and Gandhi through E. M. Forster and V. S. Naipaul, Paine showed that our everyday assumptions, what unquestioningly we take for granted about politics, religion, and psychology, often have entirely unexpected outcomes when they get immersed in a radically different culture.
That small town, Crestone, Colorado, has become something almost unthinkable: the home to 25 different religions, representing nearly all the brand-name faiths of the world.
Seeing them all cohabiting together allows us to understand, and put in perspective, what seeing them one by one never could.
He appears regularly on C-SPAN, NPR, and other radio and TV programs as well as speaking at the Smithsonian Institution, the Library of Congress, ICA (London), and universities around the country.
Andrew Carr is employed as a technician in the Empire's Mapping and Exploration survey of Cottman IV, known locally as Darkover.
Meanwhile, on the road to Armida, Damon Ridenow discusses recent violent conflicts with a native species called the cat-men with his guardsmen.
Her twin, Ellemir Lanart, assures him Callista is alive because she can feel her sister's telepathic presence, though they cannot communicate directly.
Damon uses his laran abilities to save one of the wounded guards, but can do nothing for Lord Alton, who is permanently paralyzed.
Lord Alton suggests he use his Alton gift of forced rapport so that he can provide Damon with his own superior sword skills, which Damon lacks.
After testing this theory and mounting a small matrix jewel in the hilt of his sword, Damon leaves for the darkening lands and the Caves of Corresanti.
Andrew and Callista make their way through the caves with Damon and face off against the Great Cat, a larger cat with a powerful matrix jewel.
The Hugo Award for Best Semiprozine is given each year for semi-professionally-edited magazines related to science fiction or fantasy which had published four or more issues, with at least one issue appearing in the previous calendar year.
Awards were once also given out for professional magazines in the professional magazine category, and are still awarded for fan magazines in the fanzine category.
To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1951, and 1954, but the category failed to receive enough to form a ballot each time.
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), and the presentation evening constitutes its central event.
The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie.
The works on the ballot are the most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated.
The 1953 through 1956 and 1958 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up magazines, but since 1959 all six candidates were recorded.
Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.
Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.
Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.
At the 2008 business meeting, an amendment to the World Science Fiction Society's Constitution was passed which would remove this category.
In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the work was first published.
Entries with a blue background won the award for that year; those with a white background are the other nominees on the short-list.
A metasearch engine (or search aggregator) is an online Information retrieval tool that uses the data of a web search engine to produce its own results.
Examples of metasearch engines include Skyscanner and Kayak.com, which aggregate search results of online travel agencies and provider websites and Excite, which aggregates results from internet search engines.
This search engine improved on SearchSavvy's accuracy by adding its own search syntax behind the scenes, and matching the syntax to that of the search engines it was probing.
Metacrawler reduced the amount of search engines queried to 6, but although it produced more accurate results, it still wasn't considered as accurate as searching a query in an individual engine.
On May 20, 1996, HotBot, then owned by Wired, was a search engine with search results coming from the Inktomi and Direct Hit databases.
After going through a few alterations, HotBot was redesigned into a simplified search interface, with its features being incorporated into Lycos' website redesign.
A metasearch engine called Anvish was developed by Bo Shu and Subhash Kak in 1999; the search results were sorted using instantaneously trained neural networks.
Ixquick's privacy policy includes no recording of users' IP addresses, no identifying cookies, no collection of personal data, and no sharing of personal data with third parties.
In April 2005, Dogpile, then owned and operated by InfoSpace, Inc., collaborated with researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University to measure the overlap and ranking differences of leading Web search engines in order to gauge the benefits of using a metasearch engine to search the web.
Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, and Ask Jeeves, only 3.2% of first page search results were the same across those search engines for a given query.
Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search, and Ask Jeeves found that only 1.1% of first page search results were the same across those search engines for a given query.
By sending multiple queries to several other search engines this extends the coverage data of the topic and allows more information to be found.
A metasearch engine has an advantage over a single search engine because more results can be retrieved with the same amount of exertion.
It also reduces the work of users from having to individually type in searches from different engines to look for resources.
Metasearching is also a useful approach if the purpose of the user’s search is to get an overview of the topic or to get quick answers.
They can do it either by listing results from each engine queried with no additional post-processing (Dogpile) or by analyzing the results and ranking them by their own rules (IxQuick, Metacrawler, and Vivismo).
A metasearch engine can also hide the searcher's IP address from the search engines queried thus providing privacy to the search.
It is in view of this that the French government in 2018 decreed that all government searches be done using Qwant, which is believed to be a metasearch engine.
The number of hyperlinks generated by metasearch engines are limited, and therefore do not provide the user with the complete results of a query.
The majority of metasearch engines do not provide over ten linked files from a single search engine, and generally do not interact with larger search engines for results.
Metasearching also gives the illusion that there is more coverage of the topic queried, particularly if the user is searching for popular or commonplace information.
It is also harder for users to search with advanced search syntax to be sent with the query, so results may not be as precise as when a user is using an advanced search interface at a specific engine.
A metasearch engine does not create a database of web pages but generates a Federated database system of data integration from multiple sources.
However, all search engines have different ranking scores for each website and most of the time these scores are not the same.
This is because search engines prioritise different criteria and methods for scoring, hence a website might appear highly ranked on one search engine and lowly ranked on another.
It uses a number of methods to manipulate the relevance or prominence of resources indexed in a manner unaligned with the intention of the indexing system.
Spamdexing can be very distressing for users and problematic for search engines because the return contents of searches have poor precision.
It is a major problem for metasearch engines because it tampers with the Web crawler's indexing criteria, which are heavily relied upon to format ranking lists.
Spamdexing manipulates the natural ranking system of a search engine, and places websites higher on the ranking list than they would naturally be placed.
This is a SEO technique in which different materials and information are sent to the web crawler and to the web browser.
It is commonly used as a spamdexing technique because it can trick search engines into either visiting a site that is substantially different from the search engine description or giving a certain site a higher ranking.
This is Your Day is a Christian television show hosted by Pastor Benny Hinn and broadcast several times a week in the United States and globally by the Trinity Broadcasting Network, the Daystar Television Network, Revelation TV, Grace TV, VisionTV, INSP Networks, The God Channel and various local affiliates to an estimated four million followers.
Hinn and his crew travel the world frequently, and a large part of the show is devoted to his global services, in which Hinn is said to imbue people with the power of the Holy Spirit.
Towards the final portion of the program Hinn offers gifts such as books, CDs, DVDs and downloadable materials as a thank-you to viewers who donate to the ministry.
He graduated from the Tiflis Theological Seminary in 1885 and was ordained to the priesthood in Abkhazia where he served as a priest in Sukhumi, New Athos, and Lykhny, and also delivered courses in the Georgian language.
Under the pseudonym of Amber, he published a series of articles denouncing the policy of Russification in Abkhazia and accusing local Russian officials of fomenting anti-Georgian sentiments among the Abkhaz people.
In 1904, he was transferred to the Synodal Office in Tbilisi, and became an archimandrite of the Monastery of the Transfiguration.
In the 1900s, during the heated debates concerning the status of the Georgian church, he emerged as one of the leaders of the Georgian autocephalist movement, calling for the restoration of the autocephalous (independent) Orthodox Church of Georgia abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.
Waged for the most part in the press and church committees, the struggle peaked during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and occasionally evolved into violent clashes.
The Georgian bishops pointed out that under the Russian exarches sent down from St. Petersburg to run Georgia’s ecclesiastic affairs, the Georgian church lost some 140 million rubles’ worth of property and estates; church schools had been closed down, and the use of Georgian in the liturgy discouraged; twenty episcopal sees lay vacant and seven hundred and forty parishes were without pastors.
The struggle culminated in 1908, when the Russian Exarch of Georgia, Archbishop Nikon, was murdered on 28 May at his residence in Tbilisi by unidentified assassins, allegedly by a Georgian nationalist.
No one was ever tried or convicted for the murder, and although the links of the Georgian autocephalists to the crime remained unclear, the initial police investigation concluded they had been behind the murder of Nikon, and the Russian authorities used the situation as a pretext for removing Georgian bishops from their posts.
He was acquitted in 1910, but it was not until the 1917 events when he was allowed to return to Georgia.
Although the Georgian autocephalist movement earned worldwide sympathies, the dispute dragged on indecisively for years, until the outbreak of World War I relegated it temporarily to the background.
The 1917 February Revolution in the Russian Empire and the ensuing turmoil in both church and state gave an opportunity to the Georgian Church to reassert its autocephalous status.
On March 12, 1917, a group of Georgian clergymen proclaimed the autocephaly of their Church and elected Bishop Kyrion as Catholicos Patriarch.
The Most Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church refused to recognize the move, and the result was a break in communion between the two Churches.
The Soviet invasion of Georgia from February to March 1921 brought a short-lived independent Democratic Republic of Georgia to an end.
Under the newly established Bolshevik regime, the Church was deprived of juridical status, and churches and monasteries began to be closed.
On February 7, 1922, Ambrosius addressed a memorandum to the Genoa Conference, in which he described the conditions under which Georgia was living since the Red Army invasion, protested in the name of the people of Georgia, deprived of their rights, against the Soviet occupation and demanded the intervention of civilized humanity to oppose the atrocities of the Bolshevik regime.
Besides sending an appeal to the Genoa Conference, Ambrosi was also accused of concealing of the historic treasures of the Church in order to preserve them from passing into the hands of the Soviet state.
All the clerics arrested along with the Patriarch, showed their solidarity with Ambrosius, who assumed the entire responsibility for his acts, which he declared to have been in conformity with his obligations and with the tradition of the Church of Georgia.
Ambrosi was expected to be sentenced to death, but the Communists did not dare to execute him and condemned him to eight years imprisonment while his property was confiscated.
Shortly afterwards, the 1924 August Uprising broke out in several regions of Georgia against the Soviet Union and lasted for three weeks.
A number of clerics were also purged, Archbishop Nazari of Kutatisi and Gaenati being among those who were shot without a trial.
The extent of the Red Terror in Georgia and a public outcry caused by it forced the Soviets to relatively moderate their pressure on Georgia’s society in the following years.
In early March 1925 the Chairman of the All-Union Executive Committee, Mikhail Kalinin, visited Georgia and called for the amnesty of the participants of the August 1924 insurrection, and for the suspension of religious persecutions.
Sargis N. Kakabadze (October 7, 1886 – April 2, 1967) was a Georgian historian and philologist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor.
In 1911-1918 he was a teacher of History of the Georgian Gymnasium of Tbilisi, in 1919-1967 Professor of the Tbilisi State University (TSU), in 1921-1926 Director of the State Historical Archive of Georgia, in 1945-1961 head of the Department of the Old Acts of this Archive.
Main fields of scientific activity of Sargis Kakabadze were: history of Georgia, source studies of the history of Georgia and the Caucasus, history of Georgian literature, Rustvelology (Shota Rustaveli was a great Georgian poet of the 12th century), etc.
A gas-filled tube, also known as a discharge tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope.
Gas-filled tubes exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, and operate by ionizing the gas with an applied voltage sufficient to cause electrical conduction by the underlying phenomena of the Townsend discharge.
A gas-discharge lamp is an electric light using a gas-filled tube; these include fluorescent lamps, metal-halide lamps, sodium-vapor lamps, and neon lights.
The voltage required to initiate and sustain discharge is dependent on the pressure and composition of the fill gas and geometry of the tube.
Hydrogen (and deuterium) can be stored in the tube in the form of a metal hydride, heated with an auxiliary filament; hydrogen by heating such storage element can be used to replenish cleaned-up gas, and even to adjust the pressure as needed for a thyratron operation at a given voltage.
For a comparison, the hydrogen-filled CX1140 thyratron has anode voltage rating of 25 kV, while the deuterium-filled and otherwise identical CX1159 has 33 kV.
Also, at the same voltage the pressure of deuterium can be higher than of hydrogen, allowing higher rise rates of rise of current before it causes excessive anode dissipation.
The neutral atoms of the gas slow the ions down by collisions, and reduce the energy transferred to the electrodes by the ion impact.
The fundamental mechanism is the Townsend discharge, which is the sustained multiplication of electron flow by ion impact when a critical value of electric field strength for the density of the gas is reached.
After warming up, when the volatile compound used for light emission is vaporized and the pressure increases, reignition of the discharge requires either significantly higher voltage or reducing the internal pressure by cooling down the lamp.
For example, many sodium vapor lamps cannot be re-lit immediately after being shut off; they must cool down before they can be lit up again.
zirconium or titanium) is present in the tube, and by controlling its temperature the ratio of absorbed and desorbed hydrogen is adjusted, resulting in controlling of the hydrogen pressure in the tube.
Usage of saturated mercury vapor allows using a pool of liquid mercury as a large storage of material; the atoms lost by clean-up are automatically replenished by evaporation of more mercury.
The gas in the tube has to be kept pure to maintain the desired properties; even small amount of impurities can dramatically change the tube values; presence of non-inert gases generally increases the breakdown and burning voltages.
Thorough degassing is required for high-quality tubes; even as little as 10 torr (≈1 μPa) of oxygen is sufficient for covering the electrodes with monomolecular oxide layer in few hours.
Pure inert gases are used where the difference between the ignition voltage and the burning voltage has to be high, e.g.
Tubes for indication and stabilization, where the difference has to be lower, tend to be filled with Penning mixtures; the lower difference between ignition and burning voltages allows using lower power supply voltages and smaller series resistances.
Specialized historic low-pressure gas-filled tube devices include the Nixie tube (used to display numerals) and the Decatron (used to count or divide pulses, with display as a secondary function).
A specialized type of gas-filled tube called a Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) is fabricated for use as surge protectors, to limit voltage surges in electrical and electronic circuits.
Thyratrons can also be used as triodes by operating them below their ignition voltage, allowing them to amplify analog signals as a self-quenching superregenerative detector in radio control receivers.
Hot-cathode, gas-discharge noise diodes were available in normal radio tube glass envelopes for frequencies up to UHF, and as long, thin glass tubes with a normal bayonet light bulb mount for the filament and an anode top cap, for SHF frequencies and diagonal insertion into a waveguide.
Their burning voltage was under 200 V, but they needed optical priming by an incandescent 2-watt lamp and a voltage surge in the 5-kV range for ignition.
One miniature thyratron found an additional use as a noise source, when operated as a diode in a transverse magnetic field.
Born intersex and raised in South Central, Los Angeles, Davis gained notoriety in New York during the 1980s, where she inspired the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn's prevalent drag scene as a genderqueer artist.
Her father was of Mexican descent, and her grandfather of German descent, claiming her ancestors were of the von Hohenzollern dynasty.
Davis' mother was a revolutionary feminist and community activist in the South Central area, and planted food gardens in vacant lots to help feed the homeless, impoverished, and marginalized peoples of the area.
As a young child in the Los Angeles public education system, Davis was accepted into a program for gifted students, where she was first exposed to and developed a love of theater and opera.
At age 7, Davis saw Mozart's The Magic Flute on a school trip to the opera, and credits this experience as a catalyst for her development as a drag queen.
At that time, when Angela Davis was the most wanted woman in America, I was just fixated with that image of her.
By the late '70s I had decided I sort of wanted to sexualize her name and become her, more or less.
Through Davis' job at UCLA's Placement & Career Planning Center, she was allowed free access to a Xerox machine to publish the zine.
Davis went on to develop the zine into a series of videos titled Fertile LaToyah Jackson Video Magazine, Volume 1 and 2.
Band mates included longtime collaborator Alice Bag as Sad Girl and Fertile LaToyah Jackson as Guadalupe, ages 16 and 12-and-a half respectively.
Through the persona Rayvn Cymone McFarlane, Davis parodied the LA alternative scene, while engaging in performative actions such as spraying the audience with milk from her bra.
In 2009, Pedro, Muriel and Esther reunited in a 20th-anniversary show presented in New York City by Participant Inc. as part of Performa 09.
The show parodied television talk shows and featured interviews by Carole Pope, Jamie Stewart, Joel Gibb, and Glen Meadmore and was co-hosted by Carmelita Tropicana and Jennifer Miller.
In August 2012 the band was invited by curator Anthony Hegarty to perform at this year's Meltdown Festival at the Southbank Centre in London with Kembra Pfahler and the Voluptuous Horror of Karen Black.
Davis has also taken to traveling to various universities and other educational institutions in recent years to give lectures on her life experiences, having hosted a talk on youth hosteling at New York University's Performance Studies complex in November 2015, along with German actress and friend Susanne Sachsse.
In mid-October 2016, Davis was a keynote speaker at the Creative Time Summit in Washington, D.C., a conference on art and social issues which featured workshops and speeches on topics ranging from the Black Lives Matter movement to electoral politics.
Davis has several drag personas, including Princess Sellica the Sensual Psychic, R&B legend Lestar Vartan and Lieutenant Vaginal Davis of the Sexualese Liberation Front.
She was also a muse to German choreographer Pina Bausch, as well as fashion designer Rick Owens and photographer Catherine Opie.
Looking back to the things that she did, they were installations, assemblages – things in the art world that have proper names to them – she was doing this way back then.
Dollars for receiving the Sustained Achievement Award from the non-profit organization Queer|Art, which offers support and mentorship to LGBTQIA+ identifying artists.
Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (20 March 1828 – 15 June 1885) was the son of Prince Charles of Prussia (1801–1883) and his wife, Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877).
Prince Friedrich Karl was a grandson of King Frederick William III of Prussia and a nephew of Frederick William IV and William I.
As a military commander, the Prince had a major influence on the Royal Prussian Army's advances in training and tactics in the 1850s and 1860s.
He defeated the Austrian army at the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866 and the French Army of the Rhine at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour, overseeing the extinction of the Army of the Rhine at the Siege of Metz in 1870.
Friedrich Karl was born on 20 March 1828 as the only son of Prince Charles of Prussia, the brother of future Prussian king William I.
He became a member of the Corps Borussia Bonn in 1847 and was awarded Prussia's Lifesaving Medal for rescuing a child from the Rhine the same year.
His company was issued the breech-loading Dreyse needle gun and the Prince produced an article on its probable future impact, writing that the troops could be prevented from firing off all their ammunition through good training and discipline.
He partook in a campaign in the Baden Revolution of 1849, during which he was wounded twice while leading a Guards Hussar squadron at the battle of Wiesenthal against Baden rebels.
In 1851, the Prince wrote a radical field manual for light troops, underlining the importance of training individual soldiers to take the initiative and not wait for orders.
During the following peace years he was promoted to colonel in 1852 and granted the command of the Guards Dragoon Regiment, where he introduced realistic field exercises and insisted on combat readiness.
He commanded the 1st Guards Infantry Division from 19 February to 18 September 1857, but resigned after encountering significant opposition to his approach on training.
As commander of III Army Corps from 1 July 1860 to 17 July 1870, the Prince implemented his reforms and turned his corps into a leader in Prussian military innovation.
He served with distinction in the Austro-Prussian War, where he commanded the First Army; consisting of the II, III and IV corps.
Arriving first at Königgrätz, the First Army single-handedly held the numerically superior Austrians at bay for seven hours from 08:00 to 15:00, inflicting such massive casualties on the Austrians that it took the arrival of just one division from his cousin the Crown Prince Frederick William's Second Army to complete the victory and cause the Austrians to order a general withdrawal at 15:00.
He was elected to the North German Reichstag in the 1867 North German federal election, representing the East Prussian constituency of Labiau-Wehlau.
At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the Prince was given command of the Second Army, and defeated the French Army of the Rhine at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour on 16 August 1870, cutting off its escape route to the west.
The battle was followed by another victory at Gravelotte-St.Privat on 18 August and the encirclement and annihilation of the Army of the Rhine at the Siege of Metz.
After the fall of Metz on 27 October, his army was sent to the Loire to clear the area around Orléans, where French armies, first under Aurelle de Paladines, then under Chanzy, were trying to march north to relieve Paris.
After the war, the Prince was made Inspector-General and was given the rank of Field Marshal of Russia by Alexander II of Russia.
On 29 November 1854 at Dessau he married Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau (1837–1906), daughter of Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt.
Drumstick is the brand name, owned by Nestlé since 1991, for a variety of frozen dessert-filled ice cream cones sold in the United States, Australia, Canada, Malaysia, and other countries across the world.
A typical drumstick consists of a sugar cone filled with vanilla frozen dairy dessert topped with a hardened chocolate shell and nuts, and much later, with a chocolate-lined cone and a chunk of chocolate at the bottom invented at the West End factory in Brisbane.
He still had ice cream to sell, so he asked a waffle vendor to roll some waffles into cones for his ice cream.
In 1928, the Parker Brothers, Bruce, I.C., and J.T., added to the invention by adding a chocolate coating with nuts to it.
One of the brothers’ wives said that this invention looked like a chicken leg, commonly nicknamed a drumstick in the US.
Additional varieties of Drumstick include caramel and fudge-filled cones, Mint Chocolate Crunch, Cookies and Cream Crunch, and simply dipped, cones filled with caramel, chocolate, and plain vanilla are also found.
In 2005, the Canadian Women's Foundation established the Michele Landsberg Award in her honour, to recognize outstanding young women (ages 18–30) and their accomplishments in media and activism.
In 1957, following her high school graduation, she traveled to Israel, where she spent a year of study and work on a kibbutz.
After returning to Ontario, she attended the University of Toronto, graduating in 1962 with a Bachelor's degree in English and literature.
She has also received an honorary degree from McMaster University, and in 2008, the University of Toronto presented her with an honorary doctor of laws degree.
In 1963, Landsberg married Stephen Lewis, who went on to serve as the leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party, the Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations, and the inaugural United Nations Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa.
They have three children, Ilana Naomi Landsberg-Lewis, Jenny Leah Lewis; and journalist Avi David Lewis, who is married to writer Naomi Klein.
He was also appointed as a delegate to the Annapolis Convention (1786) but did not attend, and he served in the Delaware General Assembly.
Despite his lack of involvement in national politics prior to the Constitutional Convention, Broom was a dedicated supporter of strong central government.
Broom carried these opinions with him to Philadelphia, where he consistently voted for measures that would assure a powerful government responsive to the needs of the states.
He wanted the state legislatures to pay their representatives in Congress, which, in turn, would have the power to veto state laws.
He also sought to vest state legislatures with the power to select presidential electors, and he wanted the President to hold office for life.
Broom faithfully attended the sessions of the Convention in Philadelphia, and spoke out several times on issues that he considered crucial, but he left most of the speechmaking to more influential and experienced delegates.
After the convention, Broom returned to Wilmington, where in 1795 he erected a home near Brandywine Creek on the outskirts of the city.
Broom was also involved in an unsuccessful scheme to mine bog iron ore. A further interest was internal improvements: toll roads, canals, and bridges.
His long-standing affiliation with the Old Academy led him to become involved in its reorganization into the College of Wilmington, and to serve on the college's first Board of Trustees.
He died at the age of 57 in 1810 while in Philadelphia on business and was buried there at Christ Church Burial Ground.
Adjacent to the city of Sarnia in Lambton County, Point Edward sits opposite Port Huron, Michigan and is connected to it by the Blue Water Bridge, at the meeting point of the St. Clair River and Lake Huron.
In the Canada 2016 Census, the population of Point Edward was 2,037, an increase of 0.1 percent from its 2011 population of 2,034.
In the late 1980s, the provincial government initiated a plan to amalgamate Point Edward with the larger city of Sarnia, although many residents opposed the merger and the plan was abandoned in 1991.
Even under the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario government of Premier Mike Harris, which forced amalgamations of many municipalities in the province (including of many towns which were geographically distinct settlements) in the late 1990s, Point Edward remained untouched.
Funds and game revenue are directly paid to the municipal government of Point Edward for hosting the casino, generating 33.4 million dollars to date for Point Edward's economy.
The establishment also has an in-casino restaurant called Getaway which seats its guests both inside and outside, viewing the Blue Water Bridge waterfront.
A recent fry truck turned restaurant, Albert's now occupies a store on Point Edward’s downtown waterfront on the corner of Michigan and Livingston Street.
This two-part business consists of an eatery and ice cream shop serving French fries and barbecued favourites as well as various flavours of ice cream.
Albert's offers a well-sized dining area indoors as well as a picnic area just outside of the building, overlooking Waterfront Park.
Originated in 1977, Ice Cream Galore is a household favourite ice-creamery that is located at the heart of Point Edward, on the corner of Michigan and St. Clair Street.
The Bistro offers a diverse food and drink menu with a unique appetizer selection, one that cannot be found anywhere else in Lambton County.
It hosts ice hockey and figure skating events in the winter as well as specialized flooring for other sports held in the summer.
In the midst of summer events in Lambton County, the Rotary Club of Sarnia hosts the annual public Mackinac Pancake Breakfast alongside the Mackinac sail race that runs through Point Edward’s riverfront during July.
Guests from all over the county come participate in the breakfast while enjoying the scenic surroundings of Point Edward, and the numbers are only growing.
Rain or shine, members of the club work to serve pancakes, sausages and coffee to over 2,000 guests who come to enjoy the races that weekend.
During the Mackinac events, Point Edward’s Optimist Club hosts a three-night concert event with a program starring upcoming out-of-town and local acts.
area which offers a selection of barbecue food items for all guests and alcohol based vendors for those in the V.I.P sections.
The 2015 summer brings a new attraction under the Blue Water Bridge at Point Edward’s waterfront that supports local businesses and farmers.
The Moon Light Farmers market consists of vendors of all different types of food and produce set up along the Michigan Street pathway every Thursday night beginning at 4:00p.m.
This new addition to Point Edward brings awareness of local businesses and contributes to increasing interest in the village’s downtown area.
The Lambton Kent District School Board has closed a number of elementary schools due to low capacity, although Bridgeview remains open because of the highly valued special needs facilities.
Federal Bridge Corporation operates and maintains the Blue Water Bridge, a twin-span bridge across the Saint Clair River to Michigan, along with its associated customs and immigration facilities.
During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Brad Boston, a citizen of Point Edward, was present on the Canadian sailing team, which finished 13th overall.
Greenstone is an amalgamated town in the Canadian province of Ontario with a population of 4,636 according to the 2016 Canadian Census.
The town was formed in 2001, as part of a wave of community amalgamations under the Progressive Conservative government of Ontario.
It combined the former Townships of Beardmore and Nakina, the Towns of Geraldton and Longlac with large unincorporated portions of Unorganized Thunder Bay District.
Tom Johnson and Robert Wells filed claims based on gold appearing in Magnet Lake quartz outcrop and the presence of bismuthinite.
Nakina was first established in 1923 as a station and railway yard on the National Transcontinental Railway, between the divisional points of Grant and Armstrong.
Following the completion in 1924 of the Longlac-Nakina Cut-Off by the Canadian National Railway, connecting the rails of the Canadian Northern Railway at Longlac and the NTR, Nakina became the new divisional point, and the buildings from the town of Grant ( to the east) were moved to the new Nakina town site.
Through a series of witnesses as well as the son of the person who had originally found them, the relics were found to have been planted in Beardmore and not, as was suggested, found there.
As an important railway service stop from 1923 until 1986, the town had a railway round-house as well as a watering and fueling capability.
During World War II, there was also a radar base on the edge of the town, intended to watch for a potential attack on the strategically important Soo Locks at Sault Ste.
Research into the radar site in the Library and Archives Canada indicates that it was largely a United States Army Air Forces operation, pre-dating the Pinetree Line radar bases that were erected to focus on the Cold War threat.
The settlement of Geraldton is a compound of the surname of financiers of a nearby gold mine near Kenogamisis Lake in 1931 (Fitzgerald and Errington).
The Geraldton-Beardmore Gold Camp, in the heart of the Canadian Shield, hosts numerous mineralized zones which continue to be explored for potential development.
Tom Powers and Phil Silams staked what became the Northern Empire Mine (1925-1988) near Beardmore, which produced a total of 149,493 ounces of gold.
James and Russell Cryderman found and Karl Springer incorporated what became known as the Leitch Gold Mine (1936-1968), which produced 861,982 ounces of gold from 0.92 grade ore.
In the 1970s pulp and paper operations near the town resulted in growth in the town's population to its peak of approximately 1,200.
However, at this point, cost controls in the railway industry meant that service and maintenance could be consolidated at points much more distant from one another than had been common in the first half of the 20th century.
As a result, the value of Nakina as a railway service community was greatly diminished, to the point where the railway was no longer a substantial employer in the town.
Also in the 1970s, a radio station was launched in Longlac as CHAP on the AM dial; this station left the air by the late 1970s.
The town remains focused on tourism, diminished pulp and paper operations and support of other more northern communities (food, fuel and transportation).
Mining and minerals industries are often seen as a source of further growth, though the Canadian Shield geology of the area makes extraction of minerals like gold an expensive operation.
, a proposed ore transport point around Nakina, as part of the Ring of Fire development, may shift the emphasis of local industry from logging back to mining.
In 2010 the Ring of Fire development, proposed James Bay rail link and placement of processing plants remains of great economic interest for the region.
The Greenstone Public Library has branches in Beardmore, Geraldton (the Elsie Dugard Centennial Branch), Longlac and Nakina (the Helen Mackie Memorial Branch).
The ship was launched on 11 December 1958 by Mrs. Felix Stump and commissioned on 20 May 1961 Commander David H. Bagley in command.
She spent the month of April with the U.S. 6th Fleet in her first task force operations, and returned home 11 May, where Capt.
She departed 3 August to rejoin the 6th Fleet, en route participating in NATO exercises Riptide III with units of the British and French navies.
On 20 August 1963 she steamed to the Caribbean Sea for independent air, surface, and shore bombardment firings, and returned Mayport 4 September.
She joined TF 23 for intensive antisubmarine warfare (ASW) and anti-aircraft (AA) exercises 28 October, and after a short operation with the aircraft carrier was back in Mayport for tender availability.
On 8 February 1964 she again joined the 6th Fleet, and was called upon to stand guard for 3 weeks near the unsettled island of Cyprus to evacuate American citizens if necessary.
She hosted the Secretary of the Navy and Commander 6th Fleet 24 April for a missile firing demonstration, and then escorted the carrier on a high‑speed Atlantic crossing to Mayport, where she arrived 23 May.
On 29 April she embarked a company of marines at Guantanamo Bay and proceeded to the troubled Dominican Republic 30 April.
She returned to the Mediterranean Sea in June for 4 months of operations with units of the Spanish, French, Greek, and Italian navies.
In December she engaged in missile firing and after a brief time in port in 1966 continued testing and improving missile techniques and carrying out the fleet's widespread peacekeeping activities which guard the free world.
After participating in various exercises with United States and other allied ships, and representing the United States at two international trade fain, she returned to Mayport on 26 October.
She continued in overhaul until early 1968, then operated locally and in the Caribbean until departing Mayport 14 September for the Persian Gulf, sailing via Recife, Brazil, and various ports along the west and east coasts of Africa.
In the U.S., postal workers are represented by the National Association of Letter Carriers, AFL-CIO, National Postal Mail Handlers Union - NPMHU, the National Association of Rural Letter Carriers and the American Postal Workers Union, part of the AFL-CIO.
In Canada, they are represented by the Canadian Union of Postal Workers and in the United Kingdom by the Communication Workers Union.
The phrase was not very often used until a spate of workplace violence incidents by postal workers in the late 1980s made headlines.
When the California Gold Rush hit, ships were in demand to transport cargo and people from New York to San Francisco.
Next, Deighton worked a gold claim in California, along with many others, until February 1858 when there was news of gold further north in a British territory known as New Caledonia.
Traffic on the Fraser River was increasing as more miners arrived, but so far only American steamers were able to travel beyond Langley.
Local boats were built to meet this need and Deighton piloted steamships and sternwheelers on the Fraser River for several years.
By 1864, Deighton was forced to pursue other lines of work as he developed health problems (swelling of the legs and feet).
But in 1867 when Deighton went out of town to visit the hot mineral springs near Harrison Lake, he entrusted the bar to an old shipmate, an American.
In 1867, Deighton opened a bar on the south side of Burrard Inlet at the behest of his old friend, Captain Edward Stamp, the owner of the Hastings Mill.
He came to the area with little more than $6 to his name, a few simple pieces of furniture, his native wife (whose name has been lost to the years), and a yellow dog.
The bar was built by idle sawmill workers in exchange for all the whiskey they could drink in one sitting (the nearest drinking hole was 25 miles away).
Deighton bought a nearby lot for $135 at the south-west corner of Carrall and Water Streets, where he built Deighton House.
However, after a family quarrel a few months later, Jack resumed management of the saloon and operated it until he became ill and died at the age of 44 on May 23, 1875.
In honour of Jack Deighton, the Gassy Jack statue stands in Maple Tree Square in Gastown which was the former site of his saloon.
The Knights of the Cross with the Red Star or Military Order of the Crusaders of the Red Star (; ; ) is a religious Order originating from Bohemia, devoted mainly to offering medical care.
Throughout its history it was accustomed to the use of arms, a custom which was confirmed in 1292 by an ambassador of Pope Nicholas IV.
The grand master is still invested with a sword at his induction into office, and the congregation has been recognized as a military order by Popes Clement X and Innocent XII, as well as by several Holy Roman Emperors.
Some authorities, among others the Bollandists, tracing it back to Palestine, where the first members were supposed to have borne arms against the Saracens.
On the other hand, however, is the contemporary custom of establishing a religious community at the time of the foundation of a hospital, as well as the fact that in no document is there any trace of the Palestinian Crusaders having gone to Bohemia.
Moreover, in a parchment Breviary of the Order, dated 1356, the account of foundation contains no allusion to such a lineage.
The Order, as a distinct entity, can trace its origin to 1233 in a fraternity of Franciscan tertiaries attached to a hospital at Prague under a community of Poor Clares, established by St. Agnes of Bohemia, making it the only male religious Order founded by a woman and the only Bohemian-founded Order.
In 1235 the hospital was richly endowed by Agnes, then still Queen of Bohemia, with property formerly belonging to the Teutonic Knights, a gift confirmed by Pope Gregory IX (18 May 1236), who stipulated that the revenues should be divided with the Poor Clare monastery.
After three years, during which the head of the Order had gone to Rome as the accredited representative of Agnes, now abbess of the monastery, and the Knights had been formally constituted as an Order under the Rule of St. Augustine by Pope Gregory in 1238, Agnes resigned all jurisdiction over the hospital and its possessions into the hands of the Holy See the next year.
Twelve days later the pope formally assigned these to the recently confirmed Knights of the Cross with the Red Star, who were to hold them forever in fief to the Holy See, on condition of the yearly payment of a nominal sum.
She also petitioned the Holy See for some mark to distinguish these knights from other military Orders, with whom they bore in common the red Crusader Cross.
To this was added by Bishop Nicholas of Prague, on the authorization of the pope, a red six-pointed star (10 October 1250), probably from the arms of the first Master General, Albrecht von Sternberg.
Their success in hospital work is evidenced by the rapidity with which their houses multiplied, and the frequent testimony borne to it in documents of kings and emperors.
Within two decades after their foundation the care of souls had become as important as their hospital work, so quickly had the majority of lay brothers been replaced by priests.
Numerous churches were entrusted to them in all parts of Bohemia, particularly in the western parts, where they formed a bulwark for Roman Catholic dogma against the spread of the teachings of Jan Hus in that region.
This brought the Order almost to the point of dissolution, but it recovered sufficiently to offer strenuous resistance to the advance of the teachings of the Protestant Reformation .
In the war with Sweden the members of the Order justified their claim to the title of knights during the siege of Cheb, fighting side by side with the townspeople, and sharing with them their last crust.
Their hospital at Prague was also the first refuge of other Orders who came to work for souls in Bohemia, among them the Jesuits (1555) and Capuchins (1599).
For almost a hundred and fifty years the Archbishop of Prague held the post of Grand Master and were supported almost entirely by the revenues of the Order.
Only on the restoration of the possessions of the archdiocese at the end of the 17th century was the Grand Master again elected from among the members, and a general reform instituted.
George Ignatius Paspichal (1694–99), the first Grand Master under the new regime, showed great zeal for the restoration of the primitive ideals, especially that of charity.
Many knights have won enviable reputations in the world of learning, among others Mikuláš Kozař of Kozařov (died 1592), a celebrated mathematician and astronomer; Jan František Beckovský (1658–1725), who established at Prague an herbarium which is still in existence.
In the 1910s, besides the motherhouse at Prague, there were about 26 incorporated parishes, and 85 professed members, several of whom are engaged in gymnasia and the University of Prague.
There were benefices at Hradiště (now part of Znojmo), Vienna (where the Order has been established since the 13th century and still remains in possession of the Kreuzherren Palais), Cheb, Most and other towns, especially in western Bohemia.
They were tried in kangaroo courts, and, in 1950, 5 of 53 Knights were sentenced to multiple years in prison (36 years altogether).
The series stars Marla Gibbs as Mary Jenkins, a sharp-tongued, inner-city resident gossip and housewife, and lower-floor neighbors Sandra Clark and Pearl Shay.
The series was adapted from a play written in 1978 by Christine Houston about the lives of women in a predominantly black apartment building in 1950s Chicago.
This role was similar in nature to that of tart-tongued Florence; Gibbs' character, housewife Mary Jenkins, loved a good gossip and often spoke what she thought, with sometimes not-so-favorable results.
Her husband, Lester (Hal Williams), had his own construction company, and their daughter, Brenda (Regina King, in her first television acting role), was boy-crazy yet smart and studious.
Also living in the building was Pearl Shay (Helen Martin), a feisty but kind-hearted busybody neighbor who was known for snooping and had a sharp sense of humor.
Pearl had a grandson named Calvin Dobbs (Curtis Baldwin), whom Brenda had a crush on and would finally date later in the series' run.
She and Mary were often seen sitting on the front stoop of the building, exchanging rumors and gossip, with Pearl adding sly commentary and humor from her front window.
Rose had a daughter named Tiffany (Kia Goodwin), who was Brenda's closest friend, but she disappeared after the second season, although she was mentioned occasionally.
Rose stayed on as landlady until the fourth season (for season five, Paul Winfield was introduced as the building's new snide, wealthy landlord Julian C. Barlow).
In the first season, both Helen Martin and Curtis Baldwin, who had only been recurring stars, appeared in nearly every episode.
Martin had her own title card for the third and fifth seasons, while Regina King and Baldwin shared a title card together in those years.
By the time taping started on the third season in 1987, Jackée Harry, who had just won an Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actress, changed her stage name to simply Jackée, which she used until 1994.
However, Alexandria left during Calvin's graduation episode near the end of season four to reunite with her father who, after completing his archaeological dig in the Amazon, had moved to London to catalogue his items.
The pilot was rejected, and Jackée left the show; however, she was a guest star in seven of the final season's episodes.
In the show's final season, Toukie Smith, Barry Sobel, Stoney Jackson, Kevin Peter Hall and Paul Winfield joined the cast in an effort to stop the show's declining ratings.
These included emotional appeals, such as begging, rational appeals such as trying to implement charters or decrees, and also gifts of money or other goods to gain favor.
Elyakim Zelig from Jampol, reported specifically on the need to beg for the Pope’s favor during a mission to Rome in 1757, in which he tried to gain support for defending Jews against blood libel.
The interactions with the outside society, such as tax collection and enforcement of various restrictions and compulsions imposed on the community, were arranged by an internal governing board.
Yavan was instrumental in many secret missions between the king of Poland, Augustus III and Frederick II of Prussia, helping to end the War of the Austrian Succession.
Yavan was also in contact with a papal nuncio in Warsaw allowing him to save many Talmuds after the Kamieniec disputation that led to most Talmuds being burned.
After a pogrom began in the city of Saratov, he used his connection to the regional governor to stop the anti-Jewish actions.
It is ubiquitous throughout much of Eurasia, from Britain and Spain to eastern Siberia, predominantly in cool (12–20 °C) streams and well-oxygenated lakes and ponds.
The common minnow is a small fish which reaches a maximum total length of 14 cm, but is normally around 7 cm in length.
It has 3 spines and 6-8 soft rays in its dorsal fin with 3 spines and 6-8 soft rays in its anal fin.
It is distinguished from similar species which occur in Europe by having the lateral line normally extending beyond the nase of the anal fin, by a line of vertically elongated blotches along the lateral line each with a depth equivalent to 1/3-1/2 of the body's depth at same position, these blotches often fuse to form a midlateral stripe, caudal peduncle has a depth of 2.6-3.1 times its length.
The scales on the breast are patchy and the patches of scales are separated by unscaled areas although they are rarely connected by 1-2 rows of scales.
It has been recorded in the drainages of the Volga and the Ural, as well as in Lake Balkhash and the upper Syr-Darya drainage.
The common minnow is found in a wide variety of habitats that have cold, well oxygenated water, often in the same habitats as salmonids.
It also needs deep pools with low current to overwinter in, and these must have a coarse substrate among which the fish can hide.
According to the selfish herd theory, a group forms as individuals try to reduce their domain of danger by approaching others and continuously moving toward the center of the group where the risk of predation is the lowest.
Common minnows can detect the predators’ presence and communicate with their shoalmates by a chemical signal that is detected by olfactory nerves.
The production and release of this alarm substance are altruistic because the sender of the signal, who does not directly benefit from the signal released upon its injury, has to pay the cost for the production and release of the chemical.
In fact, the alarm substance cells decrease in number when the common minnows are in poor physical condition due to scarce food, indicating that there is metabolic cost for producing and maintaining the specialized cells.
The apparent altruistic behavior is not clearly understood, because the likely explanation of kin selection is not supported by the shoal structure of common minnows in which shoalmates are not necessarily closely related.
When common minnows sense the alarm substance, they form tighter shoals as individuals move to be in the central position in their shoaling group.
However, in an experiment where common minnows were habituated to the chemical by continuous exposure, common minnows did not react to the signal.
In another experiment, researchers observed common minnows in semi-natural setting and found that common minnows’ shoaling behavior varies depending on the habitat's complexity.
Minnows tend to respond to increased predation risk by forming larger shoals in structurally simple habitats and by reducing their rate of movement in complex habitats.
When potential predators come near the shoal, some common minnows take the risk of approaching the predators in order to inspect the predator and assess the danger.
Predator inspection behavior increases the risk of being attacked and eaten by the predator, but the behavior is beneficial to the inspectors as more alert minnows react more quickly to the attack of the predator.
In an experiment, common minnows inspected a realistic-looking model of a pike, one of the major predators of minnows, and a simple cylinder model.
Common minnows showed high level of alertness, such as low feeding rate and frequent skittering after their visit to the realistic model, but they became easily habituated to the simple model and resumed foraging even in proximity to the model.
In an experiment, common minnows inspected a northern pike behind a clear partition at regular intervals until the pike tried to attack the minnows.
Minnows that inspected the pike just before the pike attacked were more alarmed than those who inspected the pike long before the attack.
The varying levels of predator inspection and shoaling behavior in response to predator's presence can arise in laboratory-raised minnows even though they do not have any experience of predators.
Shoaling behavior improves foraging success, because the demand for anti-predatory activities per individual is reduced and because more individuals scanning for food leads to quicker detection.
They tend to associate with familiar shoalmates and prefer to form shoals with poor competitors for food, which indicates that they can recognize individual conspecifics.
It is more beneficial to shoal with poor competitors because while group foraging helps the search for food, it also leads to competition for food among the shoalmates.
In an experiment in which common minnows from different groups were introduced to a common environment and monitored, they associated significantly more frequently with familiar individuals than unfamiliar individuals.
They need a good supply of oxygen (some air bubblers do fine), a reasonable current (which is often provided by the bubblers if they are good strong ones), and a gravel bottom.
The females don't change their colour so much, more the shape of their body; in fact the colours seem to fade if anything except for the fins which become slightly more red.
First of all, the difference in the shades of colour on the fish become stronger (dark gets darker, light gets lighter), and the fins, throat and some other areas redden.
The body becomes much bulkier, and the gills become very pale with iridescent light blue patches towards the bottom and below.
The males begin to chase females around, rubbing their sides against them, and this becomes very frenzied and aggressive towards the mating.
It is very important to have much plant cover for the fry to hide in as the adult fish will try to eat them especially if underfed and if not much other live food is given.
To grow infusoria for feeding just get a jam jar of pond water and run it through some cotton wool or muslin to get out any larger predatory organisms like daphnia which will eat the infusoria and add hay to the water.
and when you next look you should see lots of tiny white dots in the water which, if looked at under a microscope reveal to be lots of types of infusoria in their millions.
To get more just add some of the old water containing the infusoria to cooled, boiled tap water with hay and repeat the other procedures.
These can be obtained by dragging a net through water where they can be seen or they can be purchased from aquarium dealers.
A format war describes competition between mutually incompatible proprietary formats that compete for the same market, typically for data storage devices and recording formats for electronic media.
Developing companies may be characterized as engaging in a format war if they actively oppose or avoid interoperable open-industry technical standards in favor of their own.
A format war emergence can be explained because each vendor is trying to exploit cross-side network effects in a two-sided market.
The school was founded in 1994 by the Stockholm School of Economics (SSE) with the support of the Swedish government, and the Latvian Ministry of Education on behalf of Latvia.
Since 2010 SSE Riga is owned by a foundation established by the Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), the University of Latvia (LU) and the SSE Riga Alumni Association.
SSE Riga employs variety of teaching methods, including group work, summer internships and case studies, and has exchange programs with many leading business schools in Europe.
She worked for SSE Riga since its inception in 1994, and was proactive in initiating, developing and implementing new SSE Riga policies and evaluating and improving departmental procedures.
About 55% of the undergraduate students are from Latvia, 20% – from Lithuania, and the remaining 25% from Estonia, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Russia and China.
Entrance requirements: state examination results in Mathematics and English, as well as SSE Riga Admission tests in Mathematics, English and Logics.
Annual intakes of no more than 30 students comprise the best and brightest in the Baltics with a variety of academic and professional backgrounds.
Financial Times European Business school ranking 2015 has ranked Stockholm School of Economics as the 26th best business university in Europe.
SSE Riga is ranked together with its 'mother', the Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), and its 'sister', the Stockholm School of Economics in Russia (SSE Russia).
In the field of research SSE Riga cooperates with the Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies (BICEPS), which is an independent research institute undertaking high quality policy-oriented research in economics and other social sciences.
Research in the field of entrepreneurship, telecommunications and information technology is undertaken within the framework of the TeliaSonera Institute at SSE Riga.
The Centre for Media Studies at SSE Riga was founded in 2009, which provides further education for journalists in the fields of investigative reporting, business reporting, and journalistic ethics.
To raise the awareness of sustainable business practices and corporate social responsibility, the Centre for Sustainable Business was founded in 2012.
The school also participates in various EU and government-funded research and policy-oriented projects as well as in the preparation of research reports.
The School's library collection holds more than 25,000 books covering the main disciplines of business and economics and is open to the public.
The Stockholm School of Economics in Riga building is a remarkable structure and an architectural monument of national significance designed by Mikhail Eisenstein (1867-1920).
The Student Association of the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga (the SA) is the main representative body of all SSE Riga (Latvian: Rīgas Ekonomikas augstskola) students.
From the beginning of its foundation, the SA of SSE Riga was one of the most efficient student associations in Latvia.
Traditionally, the SA has one of the highest ratio of students involved in Latvia, with about 80% of students taking part in the SA activities during their time in SSE Riga.
Likewise, conducting Board Meetings, collaborating with SSE Riga Administration, Alumni Association and SASSE are also included among the duties of the President.
Being the representative of the SSE Riga students, the President takes full responsibility for the SA's activities and leads the association to improve students’ experience at the school and strengthen the connection between the administration and students.
The duties of the Vice-president include to motivating the board members for common goal and measure the performance of the board, and conduct personal meetings with each chairperson separately.
Chief accountant is a part of the Student Association board, whose main responsibilities include taking care of timely payments, collecting invoices, checks and other documents.
The Coordinator shares the information between current students and the Alumni, thus making sure both parties get the latest news regarding projects and events within the university.
Delivering financial resources in order to improve SSE Riga students’ life beyond the academia is the main responsibility of the Business Committee.
Thus, handling the visualizations for the events, presentations and projects and providing support for other committees or organizations is the main duty.
Furthermore, other responsibilities of the PR Committee include maintaining the social media presence of the SA and creating annual Fashion Collection of SSE Riga.
Collecting feedback about courses, organizing informative guest-lectures, managing Mentorship program, maintaining Internship Database and Student Material Storage are just a few of committee's responsibilities.
Moreover, the Information Committee administers the Yearbook development process and ensures that the Newcomers’ Guide contains all the essential tips for Year 1s.
The duties of the committee include maintaining the web-page of the SA and other organizations, as well as providing students with an opportunity to acquire technical skills, which might become very useful in the future career path.
Almost every month the Event Committee organizes a spectacular party that amazes all students and relentlessly tries to provide the best social life to the SSE Riga community.
SSE Riga Debate Society is one of the oldest student organizations in SSE Riga and the oldest debate society in the Baltics.
It was established in 1994, the same year the school was founded, and is known across the whole of Europe for its excellence and great performance.
Since 1998 the Society has been organizing an annual debate championship called SSE Riga IV, which is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious tournament in Central and Eastern Europe.
Aside from activities related to competitive debating, the Society also organizes various public debates, show debates, public speaking and presentation skills trainings, and other educational activities.
Investment Game is an international stock market simulator, founded in 1997 by the student investment fund at the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga.
The simulation's goal is to stimulate public's interest in finance and investment as well as to train the society to invest by providing virtual portfolios.
Every year it unites more than 6000 individuals interested in investment, and is claimed to be the biggest event of its kind in the Baltic region.
The first round of the Investment Game, which lasts for 4 weeks, offers players to develop their skills by trading on 15 European markets, ETFs, ETNs and financial derivatives.
The competition offers to trade NASDAQ OMX Helsinki, NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, Russian Trading System, NASDAQ OMX Riga, NASDAQ OMX Tallinn, NASDAQ OMX Vilnius and many others.
The second round, which also lasts for 4 weeks, is more advanced – Investment Game ‘12 provides access to international stock markets via trading platform.
The Investment Game lasts for two months from March to the beginning of May, when most successful participants are awarded prizes.
Chas has stated that the Investment Game is a very exciting activity and one of the most challenging at the school.
Many episodes tackled difficult topics such as bullying, drug use, child abuse, teenage pregnancy, homosexuality, homophobia, racism, and divorce, and the series was acclaimed for its sensitive and realistic portrayal of the challenges of teenage life.
All three seasons were broadcast with episodes containing filler scenes added to replace the commercial breaks from the original Canadian airings.
In the United Kingdom, the BBC only screened the first season of the show, and only nine out of the thirteen episodes were shown during CBBC; contents of the other episodes were considered unsuitable for younger audiences.
The program was broadcast in Australia on ABC TV and its digital channels ABC Kids and ABC2 as well as on cable television on Nickelodeon.
The program has also been shown in Malaysia on RTM 2 and aired on Thursdays from 23 March to 15 June 1989 with only the first season being aired.
What is unusual is that the sport, Australian rules football and its organization, the VFL, at the time would have been largely unknown in Canada.
Although the VFL staged several exhibition matches that year, the Bulldogs were not involved and were perhaps the least successful and supported teams in the league.
The Australian Football League (Aussie Rules Football) actually had a cult following in Canada in the 1980s, as the games were televised on The Sports Network from the early 1980s to the early 1990s.
Registered nurse and sex educator Sue Johanson was the host of the program which aired on local Toronto, Ontario radio station Q-107 between 1984 and 1998 and nationally until 2005.
She was involved in the 1982 Falklands War, operating between the British territories of Ascension Island, South Georgia, and the Falkland Islands as a dispatch vessel commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Colin Hamilton.
On 8 August 2005 she returned for the final time to her home base of Portsmouth to be decommissioned after a 24-year career having finished her final deployment as a patrol vessel based in the Falkland Islands.
She was relieved in that role by her sister ship (commissioned in 1982) which served in that role until being replaced in 2007 by the new .
She left Portsmouth under tow for the A&P Group facility in Newcastle upon Tyne on 14 May 2010, where both ships underwent a major regeneration refit that was completed in December 2010.
The greatest species richness is in Mexico, Texas, and the Greater Antilles, but species are also found elsewhere in eastern and southern United States, The Bahamas, Central America, and Colombia.
They are only occasionally kept in aquariums, due to their relative lack of color and the highly aggressive nature of the aforementioned mosquitofish species.
The Grumman F7F Tigercat is a heavy fighter aircraft that served with the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) from late in World War II until 1954.
While the Tigercat was delivered too late to see combat in World War II, it saw action as a night fighter and attack aircraft during the Korean War.
The type was too large to operate from older and smaller carriers, and only a late variant (F7F-4N) was certified for carrier service.
Grumman's aim was to produce a fighter that outperformed and outgunned all existing fighter aircraft, and that had an auxiliary ground attack capability.
Armament was heavy: four 20 mm cannon and four 50 caliber (0.50 in; 12.7 mm) machine guns, as well as underwing and under-fuselage hardpoints for bombs and torpedoes.
Performance met expectations too; the F7F Tigercat was one of the highest performance piston-engine fighters, with a top speed well in excess of the U.S. Navy's single-engine aircraft — 71 mph faster than a Grumman F6F Hellcat at sea level.
All this was bought at the cost of heavy weight and a high landing speed, but what caused the aircraft to fail carrier suitability trials was poor directional stability with only one engine operational, as well as problems with the tailhook design.
At first, they were single-seat F7F-1N aircraft, but after the 34th production aircraft, a second seat for a radar operator was added; these aircraft were designated F7F-2N.
The next version produced, the F7F-3, was modified to correct the issues that caused the aircraft to fail carrier acceptance and this version was again trialled on the .
A final version, the F7F-4N, was extensively rebuilt for additional strength and stability, and did pass carrier qualification, but only 12 were built.
Marine Corps night fighter squadron VMF(N)-513 flying F7F-3N Tigercats saw action in the early stages of the Korean War, flying night interdiction and fighter missions and shooting down two Polikarpov Po-2 biplanes.
Most F7F-2Ns were modified to control drones for combat training, and these gained bubble canopies over the rear cockpit for the drone controller.
The surviving Tigercats were primarily used as water bombers to fight wildfires in the 1960s and 1970s and Sis-Q Flying Services of Santa Rosa, California, operated an F7F-3N tanker in this role until retirement in the late 1980s.
Since leaving Greenpeace, Moore has frequently taken sharp public stances against a number of major environmental groups, including Greenpeace itself, on many issues including forestry, nuclear energy, genetically modified organisms, and pesticide use.
Moore has also denied the consensus of the scientific community on climate change, having stated that increased carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is beneficial, that there is no proof that anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are responsible for global warming, and that even if true, increased temperature would be beneficial to life on Earth.
These views are contrary to the scientific consensus on the effects of global warming, which is expected to have a significant and irreversible negative impact on climate and weather events around the world, posing severe risks like ocean acidification and sea level rise to human society and to other organisms.
Moore was born in 1947 to Bill and Beverley Moore in Port Alice, British Columbia, and raised in Winter Harbour, on Vancouver Island.
The Don't Make a Wave Committee (DMWC) was formed in January 1970 by Dorothy and Irving Stowe, Ben Metcalfe, Marie and Jim Bohlen, Paul Cote, and Bob Hunter and incorporated in October 1970.
The Committee had formed to plan opposition to the testing of a one megaton hydrogen bomb in 1969 by the United States Atomic Energy Commission on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians.
Following US President Richard Nixon's cancellation of the remaining hydrogen bomb tests planned for Amchitka Island in early 1972, Greenpeace turned its attention to French atmospheric nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific.
In May 1972, Moore traveled to New York with Jim Bohlen and Marie Bohlen to lobby the key United Nations delegations from the Pacific Rim countries involved.
Moore then went to Europe together with Ben Metcalfe, Dorothy Metcalfe, Lyle Thurston and Rod Marining where they received an audience with Pope Paul VI and protested at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
In June, they attended the first UN Conference on the Environment in Stockholm where they convinced New Zealand to propose a vote condemning French nuclear testing, which passed with a strong majority.
During the confrontation, film footage was caught of the Soviet whaling boat firing a harpoon over the heads of Greenpeace members in a Zodiac inflatable and into the back of a female sperm whale.
The film footage made the evening news the next day on all three US national networks, initiating Greenpeace's debut on the world media stage, and prompting a swift rise in public support of the charity.
Patrick Moore and Bob Hunter appeared on Dr. Bill Wattenburg's talk radio show on KGO and appealed for a lawyer to help them incorporate a branch office in San Francisco and to manage donations.
The Greenpeace Foundation of America (since changed to Greenpeace USA), then became the major fundraising center for the expansion of Greenpeace worldwide.
In January 1977 at the annual general meeting of the Greenpeace Foundation, Moore ran for president against Bob Hunter, eventually losing by a single vote.
Greenpeace organizations began to form throughout North America, including cities such as Toronto, Montreal, Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles, Boston, and San Francisco.
During this time David Tussman, together with the rest of the founders, early activists of Greenpeace, and the majority of Greenpeace staff-members announced that the board of the San Francisco group intended to separate Patrick Moore's Greenpeace Foundation from the rest of the Greenpeace movement.
After efforts to settle the matter failed, the Greenpeace Foundation filed a civil lawsuit in San Francisco charging that the San Francisco group was in violation of trademark and copyright by using the Greenpeace name without permission of the Greenpeace Foundation.
He served for nine years as president of Greenpeace Canada, as well as six years as a director of Greenpeace International.
He and other directors of Greenpeace International were greeting the ship off the coast of New Zealand on its way to protest French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll.
In 1986, after leaving Greenpeace over differences in policy, Moore established Quatsino Seafarms—a family salmon farming business at his home in Winter Harbour—and became a director of the B.C.
From 1990–1994 he was a member of the British Columbia Round Table on the Environment and the Economy and founded and chaired the B.C.
In 1991, he joined the board of the Forest Alliance of BC, an initiative of the CEOs of the major forest companies in British Columbia.
As chair of the Sustainable Forestry Committee of the Forest Alliance he spent ten years developing the Principles of Sustainable Forestry, which were later adopted by much of the industry.
In 2006, Moore became co-chair (with Christine Todd Whitman) of a new industry-funded initiative, the Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, which promotes increased use of nuclear energy.
In 2010, Moore was recruited to represent the Indonesian logging firm Asia Pulp & Paper (APP), a multi-national accused by activist groups of widespread and illegal rainforest clearance practices, although this is strongly disputed by Moore.
Moore also lashed out at freshman Democratic Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal, which is a resolution that aims to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the impact of climate change in the US.
In the ongoing dispute between Moore and Greenpeace, the group continued to distance itself from Moore and his claims and views, including his denial of climate change.
Moore co-chaired the Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, which was supported by the Nuclear Energy Institute, a national organization of pro-nuclear industries.
In 2009, as co-chair of the Coalition, he suggested that the mainstream media and the environmentalist movement is not as opposed to nuclear energy as in decades past.
He argues that any realistic plan to reduce reliance on fossil fuels or greenhouse gas emissions would require increased use of nuclear energy to supply baseload power.
Moore has stated that global climate change and the melting of glaciers is not necessarily a negative event because it creates more arable land and the use of forest products drives up demand for wood and spurs the planting of more trees.
Moore has earned his living since the early 1990s primarily by consulting for, and publicly speaking for, a wide variety of corporations and lobby groups such as the Nuclear Energy Institute.
Moore's work as a lobbyist has prompted criticism from environmental activists, who have accused him of acting as an advocate for many of the industries that Greenpeace was founded to counter.
The writer and environmental activist George Monbiot has written critically of Moore's work with the Indonesian logging firm Asia Pulp & Paper (APP).
According to Monbiot, Moore's company is not a monitoring firm and the consultants used were experts in public relations, not tropical ecology or Indonesian law.
During March 2015 in an interview by French investigative journalist Paul Moreira, which was first broadcast on French television station Canal+ in September 2014, Moore was asked about the safety of the herbicide glyphosate.
The interview came shortly after the release of a World Health Organization (WHO) report adding glyphosate to a list of probable carcinogens.
Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.
A hoarder is distinguished from an animal breeder, who would have numerous animals as the central component of their business; this distinction can be problematic, however, as some hoarders are former breeders who have ceased selling and caring for their animals, while others will claim to be breeders as a psychological defense mechanism, or in hopes of forestalling intervention.
Along with other compulsive hoarding behaviors, it is linked in the DSM-IV to obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder.
Instead, the issue is the owner's inability to provide care for the animals and the owner's refusal to acknowledge that both the animals and the household are deteriorating.
The deputy police officer testified that the trailer smelled so strongly of feline waste that despite suffering from severe congestion at the time of the investigation, she had a hard time staying in there for more than a few minutes.
The deputy further testified that she could not step anywhere in the trailer without stepping on fresh, old, or smeared fecal matter, and that even the stove and sink were filled with bio-hazardous waste.
Yet, a Canadian woman, who died leaving 100 properly fed, spayed/neutered, vaccinated, and groomed cats, was not considered an animal hoarder because her animals were properly cared for.
In the United States, animal hoarders can be prosecuted under state animal cruelty laws for failing to provide a certain level of care to their animals.
In Alaska, the cruelty statute defines a minimum standard of care for animals that includes (1) food and water sufficient to maintain each animal in good health; (2) an environment compatible with protecting and maintaining the good health and safety of the animal; and (3) reasonable medical care at times and to the extent available and necessary to maintain the animal in good health.
Since failure to provide proper care for animals is an act of omission or neglect rather than an affirmative act, the failure to care for an animal is considered a misdemeanor offense in most states.
For instance, in Alaska, if an animal owner fails to provide the aforementioned standards of care, the state has prima facie evidence of a failure to care for an animal.
If the prosecutor can prove the owner's failure to care for an animal was done with criminal negligence and the failure to care for the animal caused its death or severe physical pain or prolonged suffering, then the owner may be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
In Virginia, each owner must provide for each of his companion animals: adequate feed; adequate water; adequate shelter that is properly cleaned; adequate space in the primary enclosure for the particular type of animal depending upon its age, size, species, and weight; adequate exercise; adequate care, treatment, and transportation; and veterinary care when needed to prevent suffering or disease transmission.
Likewise, under Virginia's animal cruelty statute, any person who deprives any animal of necessary food, drink, shelter or emergency veterinary treatment is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.
However, some states, like California and New Hampshire, may provide felony provisions for depriving an animal of necessary sustenance, drink, and shelter.
In Maine, a person who is guilty of cruelty to animals may face criminal or civil charges at the discretion of the state's attorney.
Penalties for failing to provide proper care or medical care to animals under state animal cruelty statutes can include fines, animal forfeiture, the cost of care for the seized animals, and jail time.
Since animal hoarding is sometimes associated with mental illness, a situation may arise when an alleged animal neglecter is found incompetent to stand trial due to a mental disability and thus remains the rightful owner of the animals he or she has neglected (i.e.
In the Matter of a Protective Order for Jean Marie Primrose, for example, after a tip from a veterinarian, police confiscated 11 cats from a woman's feces and urine covered, rat infested trailer in Oregon; the cats were then placed in the care of a rescue organization.
After being diagnosed with a mild case of mental retardation, however, the judge found the woman unable to aid and assist in her own defense.
Yet, from the time the cats were seized to the time of the dismissal, the rescue organization accrued more than $30,000 in cat care fees.
The rescue organization therefore placed a lien on the cats, meaning the woman could not get her cats back until she paid off her debt.
The rescue organization could have (1) kept the cats and kept accruing care fees because they, not being rightful owners, could not place the cats into homes or (2) forgiven the debt and returned the cats to the woman.
Since the rescue organization felt the woman was incapable of adequately caring for the cats and since the organization did not want to invest more money that would likely remain uncompensated, the organization filed a petition for a limited protective order as a fiduciary for the care and placement of the cats.
The probate court, then, granted the limited protective order and the organization was allowed to place the cats into new homes.
In addition to jail time, animal forfeiture, and fines, a state, such as California, may allow courts to order psychological counseling at the court's discretion or may require the defendant to undergo anger management, such as the case in Colorado.
Prosecutors may also be able to request bans on future pet ownership or request limits on the number of animals a convicted hoarder may keep.
One dog, who was caged in the basement, could barely stand up and kept soiling himself, which lead to his skin being scalded from the urine and feces.
An officer also noticed the dog's tongue hanging out of his mouth, but later learned that his tongue was sticking out because his jaw had disintegrated.
The Animal Legal Defense Fund moved for a permanent injunction to enjoin defendants from owning animals from the date of the court's final judgment to 10 years.
Although animal hoarders can be prosecuted under state animal cruelty laws, many scholars maintain that basic animal cruelty laws are inefficient in prosecuting hoarders.
In sixteen cases, individuals were charged with one count of animal cruelty for their entire group of animals rather than one count of cruelty for each animal involved.
In several other cases, hoarders were only charged with one count of failure to license or provide a rabies vaccination when there were dozens of animals involved.
In order to bring one charge of cruelty for each animal, prosecutors and animal agencies must provide proof of cruelty to each animal, matching each animal with its count number.
Charging the hoarder with only one count reduces the burdens on the system, the prosecutors, and the animal agencies, but undermines the severity of the charges.
Passed in 2001, the Illinois Humane Care for Animals Act was amended to include a definition a companion animal hoarder and mandated psychological counseling for animal hoarders who violate Section 3.
A person convicted of violating section 3 of the Act (which requires the provision of food and water, adequate shelter and protection from the weather, veterinary care, and humane care and treatment) is guilty of a misdemeanor with a second or subsequent violation raising the offense to a Class 4 felony.
Animal hoarding itself is not prohibited by the statute, she said, and the prosecutor must still show a violation of Section 3 of the Humane Care for Animals Act.
Hawaii's law specifically criminalizes hoarding, while depriving an animal of necessary sustenance can also constitute a separate offense of animal cruelty.
The hoarding law differs from ordinances that limit the number of pets a person can have because it only prohibits keeping more than fifteen dogs and cats if the owner fails to provide necessary care for the animals and that failure causes injury to the animals or the owner.
An important aspect of the law is that prosecutors may be able to charge hoarders with one count of animal hoarding that covers all of the animals.
When hoarding is prosecuted under state animal cruelty laws, prosecutors must charge hoarders with multiple counts of animal cruelty—one for each animal on the premises.
Prosecutors will also be able to bring separate charges of animal cruelty for individual animals whose injuries are easiest to document.
(c) Collects, houses, or harbors animals in filthy, unsanitary conditions that constitute a health hazard to the animals being kept, and/or to the animals or residents of adjacent property.
If a person is convicted of being a hoarder under this ordinance, that person may not own, possess, or have on his premises in Alto any animal for one year from the date of conviction.
The person may also be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000.00 and/or by imprisonment in the common jail of the town not to exceed six months.
More controversially, a municipality may limit the number of pets a person is allowed to keep in his or her home in hopes of preventing animal hoarding.
As mentioned previously in this article, the number of animals involved alone is not a determinative factor in identifying hoarding and it is possible for a person to successfully care for a large number of animals.
In Banks County, Georgia, the number of dogs a person can own differs based on the zone in which the person's property is located.
For instance, in Great Falls, Montana, a person who owns or harbors any more than the number of dogs and cats permitted by the ordinance for a period of more than thirty (30) days must obtain a multiple animal permit.
and they often don't have the support of other agencies that they need.” This lack of communication among various governmental agencies, such as code enforcement, the health department, and animal control, impedes the detection of animal hoarders and thereby the prosecution of hoarders.
Further, since animal hoarding cases do not get widespread attention, they do not garner community support, which is also a disincentive for prosecution.
Additionally, officials may opt to forgo charges or enter into lenient plea-bargains in exchange for custody of the animals because they fear that the animals will languish in shelters while prosecution is pending.
In order to bring one charge of cruelty for each animal, prosecutors and animal agencies must provide proof of cruelty to each animal, matching each animal with its count number.
Adversely, charging the hoarder with only one count reduces the burdens on the system, the prosecutors, and the animal agencies, but undermines the severity of the charges.
Laws that create a separate offense of animal hoarding may solve this problem by allowing one count of hoarding to be brought in every case that encompasses the hoarding aspect of the charge rather than focusing on each individual count of cruelty.
In the United Kingdom, an RSPCA spokeswoman said the society was campaigning for legislation to monitor people who take in large numbers of animals.
Animal hoarding is the cause of many severe health risks that threaten the hoarded animals, individuals living in hoarding residences, and surrounding neighbors.
Due to the harmful effects on the health of the animals involved, animal hoarding is considered a form of cruelty to animals.
Consequences of hoarding are long-lasting and continue to affect the animals even after they have been rescued and provided with better care.
One study found at least one dead animal present in over half of examined cases, the leading cause of death being an insufficient food and water supply.
Furthermore, when there is a limited food supply, animals may resort to aggressive behavior in competing for available food, killing and sometimes even eating other animals.
The number of animals found in hoarding cases range from dozens to several hundreds, with extreme cases involving over a thousand animals.
Furthermore, in cases where more than one species is confined to the same living space, animals can pose a danger to one other due to inter-species aggression.
Hoarders, refusing to acknowledge the deteriorating health conditions of their animals and scared they will be forced to give up custody, often refuse to take their animals to veterinarians.
Basic animal waste management is absent in virtually all animal-hoarding situations, and animals are filthy and often infected with parasites as a result.
Strained animal shelters or humane societies, forced to prioritize when dealing with numerous rescued animals, may be unable to provide immediate treatment to many animals.
The effects of hoarding on the health and socialization of the animals involved are severe and lasting, taking heavy tolls on both their physical and psychological well-being.
Hoarders, by definition, fail to correct the deteriorating sanitary conditions of their living spaces, and this gives rise to several health risks for those living in and around hoarding residences.
Animal hoarding is at the root of a string of human health problems including poor sanitation, fire hazards, zoonotic diseases, envenomation, and neglect of oneself and one's dependents.
In addition to severe odors which may pose a nuisance to neighbors, animal waste poses serious health risks through both the spread of parasites and the presence of noxious ammonia levels.
OSHA, the United States agency regulating air quality standards in work-related environments, has identified an ammonia level of 300 parts per million as life-threatening for humans; in many hoarding cases the atmospheric ammonia level in the housing space approaches this number, requiring the use of protective clothing and breathing apparati during inspections or interventions.
The presence of animal waste also prevents sanitary storage and preparation of food, which puts residents at risk of contracting food-related illnesses and parasites.
Insect and rodent infestation can both follow and worsen hoarding conditions, and can potentially spread to the surrounding environment including to nearby buildings.
In one case, an elementary school had to be shut down due to a flea infestation that had spread from a nearby dog hoarder residence.
Hoarders are frequently found to collect large numbers of inanimate objects in addition to animals, giving rise to clutter as well.
Hoarded objects can include newspapers, trash, clothing, and food; the clutter inhibits normal movement around the house, hampering household maintenance and sanitary food preparation, heightening the risk of accidents, and contributing to the overall level of squalor.
A lack of functioning toilets, sinks, electricity, or proper heating (often due to hoarders not paying bills, though poor maintenance may also be a cause) further exacerbates the problem.
Fire hazards comprise yet another health issue tied to poor sanitation; the clutter found in many hoarding households prevents workable fire escape plans and serves as possible fuel when located close to heat sources.
The risk is amplified when hoarders, due to inoperative heating systems, seek alternate heating methods such as fireplaces, stoves, or kerosene heaters.
Common domesticated animals constitute a large portion of animals carrying zoonoses, and as a result, humans involved in animal hoarding situations are at particular risk of contracting disease.
Zoonoses that may arise in hoarding situations—through vectors such as dog, cat, or rat bites—include rabies, salmonellosis, catscratch fever, hookworm, and ringworm.
One zoonosis of special concern is toxoplasmosis, which can be transmitted to humans through cat feces or badly-prepared meat, and is known to cause severe birth defects or stillbirth in the case of infected pregnant women.
While self-neglect is a condition generally associated with the elderly, animal hoarders of any age can and do suffer from it.
As with his or her animals, the hoarder often fails to provide adequate care for dependents both young and old, who suffer from a lack of basic necessities as well as the health problems caused by unsanitary conditions.
In one case, two children of a couple hoarding 58 cats and other animals were forced to repeat kindergarten and first grade because of excessive absence due to respiratory infections.
Virtually all hoarders lack insight into the extent of deterioration in their habitations and on the health of their animals, refusing to acknowledge that anything is wrong.
Delusional disorder is an effective model in that it offers an explanation of hoarders' apparent blindness to the realities of their situations.
Another model that has been suggested to explain animal hoarding is attachment disorder, which is primarily caused by poor parent-child relationships during childhood.
Interviews with animal hoarders have revealed that hoarders have often experienced domestic trauma in childhood, which is the basis of the evidence for this model.
An overwhelming sense of responsibility for something is characteristic of people with OCD, who then take unrealistic measures to fulfill their perceived duty.
Animal hoarders often feel a strong sense of responsibility to take care of and protect animals, and their solution—that of acquiring as many animals as they possibly can—is unrealistic.
Further, the hoarding of inanimate objects, practiced by a majority of animal hoarders, is a fairly common occurrence in people with OCD.
These connections between animal hoarding and obsessive–compulsive disorder suggest that OCD may be a useful model in explaining animal hoarding behavior.
However, this theory has also been refuted by some; Dr. Akimitsu Yokoyama theorizes that animal hoarding could be explained using Asperger syndrome.
At the end of Portobello Peninsula sits a marine research station, the Portobello Marine Laboratory, which is part of the University of Otago.
A local dairy acts as the community's grocers, though most of the village's retail needs are served by Dunedin, which is easily accessed via the winding but well-surfaced Portobello Road which runs along the edge of the harbour.
The Boating Club owns the remnants of the ferry jetty (http://jetty.portobello.net.nz) and a slipway a short distance from the centre of the village.
The ICO consisted only of strings as its regular ensemble for many years, adding wind, brass and percussion players on a freelance basis when needed.
The ICO was reformed in 1970 under the name of the New Irish Chamber Orchestra and the principal conductorship of André Prieur.
Following a succession of Artistic Directors including Fionnuala Hunt, Nicholas McGegan and Anthony Marwood, the orchestra has taken a new approach, appointing two artistic partners: Hungarian conductor Gábor Tákacs Nagy (Principal Artistic Partner) and the clarinettist and composer Jörg Widmann (Principal Guest Conductor/Artistic Partner).
This is in addition to its regular concert season, which runs in Limerick and Dublin (September–April annually, another 14 concerts approx.).
Leading Irish composers who have worked with the orchestra include Linda Buckley, Frank Corcoran, John Kinsella, Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin, Bill Whelan and Elaine Agnew.
It features his Concerto for Violin and Strings, Four Iconoclastic Episodes, which was jointly commissioned by the Irish Chamber Orchestra, the Academy of St-Martin-in-the-Fields and the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, University of Notre Dame, USA.
The Irish Chamber Orchestra is resident at the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance at the University of Limerick and is funded by the Arts Council of Ireland/An Chomhairle Ealaíon.
Supporters wore a Mau uniform of a navy blue lavalava with a white stripe which was later banned by the colonial administration.
The Mau movement culminated on 28 December 1929 in the streets of the capital Apia, when the New Zealand military police fired on a procession who were attempting to prevent the arrest of one of their members.
The Mau movement's efforts would ultimately result in the political independence of Samoa in 1962 but the height of the movement's activity in the Western Islands occurred in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Broadly, the history of the Mau movement can be seen as beginning in the 19th century with European contact and the advent of Western powers, Britain, United States and Germany, vying for control of the Pacific nation.
The Samoan independence movement would not gain strength again until after New Zealand forces, unopposed by the German rulers, annexed Western Samoa in 1914, at the beginning of World War I.
Military rule continued after the war ended, and in 1919, some 7,500 Samoans, around 22 per cent of the population, died during an influenza epidemic.
No attempt was made by the New Zealand administrators to quell or contain the spread, and after one week it had spread through the whole of Samoa.
Upon learning of the situation in Western Samoa, the American Governor offered help to Colonel Logan who was in charge; Logan was British born and hated Americans.
This catastrophic event was to lay a new foundation for discontent with an administration already perceived as incompetent and dishonest by many Samoans.
The clumsy handling of Samoa's governance, the slow and deliberate erosion of traditional Samoan social structures by successive administrators, and a general failure to understand and respect Samoan culture also sowed the seeds for a revitalised resistance to colonial rule.
Samoans of mixed parentage, facing discrimination from both cultures but with the advantage of cross-cultural knowledge, also played a key role in the new movement.
Olaf Frederick Nelson, one of the leaders of the new Mau movement, was a successful merchant of mixed Swedish and Samoan heritage.
Notably, he was one of many who had lost a child to the influenza epidemic of 1919 in addition to his mother, sister, only brother, and sister in-law.
To demonstrate the extent of popular support for the Mau, Nelson organised a sports meeting for movement members on the King's Birthday, in parallel with the official event, and held a well-attended ball at his home on the same night.
Movement members had begun to engage in acts of noncooperation: Neglecting the compulsory weekly search for the rhinoceros beetle, enemy of the coconut palm, thereby threatening the lucrative copra industry.
When New Zealand administrators imposed a per-capita beetle quota, many Samoan villages resisted by breeding the insects in tightly-woven baskets rather than comply with the orders to scour the forests and collect them.
In 1927, alarmed at the growing strength of the Mau, George Richardson, the administrator of Samoa, changed the law to allow the deportation of Europeans or part-Europeans charged with fomenting unrest.
This action was presumably taken on the assumption that the growing movement was merely a product of self-interested Europeans agitating the native Samoans.
These committees formed the basic element of an alternative system of governance, and the tendency of Samoans to unite under traditional leadership meant that by the mid- to late 1920s, around 85% of the Samoan population was involved in open resistance.
Following another visit to New Zealand to petition the Government, Nelson was exiled from Samoa along with two other part-European Mau leaders, Alfred Smyth and Edwin Gurr.
The Mau remained true to this sentiment, and despite the exile of Nelson, continued to use civil disobedience to oppose the New Zealand administration.
400 Mau members were arrested, but others responded by giving themselves up in such numbers that there were insufficient jail cells to detain them all, and the prisoners came and went as they pleased.
With his attempt at repression turning to ridicule, Richardson offered pardons to all those arrested; however, those arrested demanded to be dealt with by the court, and then refused to enter pleas to demonstrate their rejection of the court's jurisdiction.
The new administrator, Stephen Allen, replaced the marines with a special force of New Zealand police, and began to target the leaders of the movement.
Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III, who had led the movement following the exile of Nelson, was arrested for non-payment of taxes and imprisoned for six months.
Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III had rushed to the front of the crowd and turned to face his people; he called for peace from them because some were throwing stones at the police.
With his back to the police calling for peace he was shot in the back; another Samoan who rushed to help him was shot in both legs while cradling his head.
Among the wounded were terrified women and children who had fled to a market place for cover from New Zealand police firing from the verandah of the station, one of them wielding a Lewis machine-gun.
The resistance continued by other means, with the emergence of a women's Mau to continue the councils, parades, and symbolic protests that the men now could not.
The day after his funeral, his village was raided by New Zealand military police; they ransacked houses, including those of the Tamasese's mourning widow and children.
The Mau, who were fully committed to Passive Resistance, easily slipped through the jungle; the marines were slow because they were carrying too much weaponry and didn't know the bush like The Mau.
The Mau no longer trusted New Zealand police, and this fear only got worse after a 16 year-old un-armed Samoan was shot and killed while running away from a marine, whose excuse he thought the boy was going to throw a stone was accepted as an adequate defence and no charges were laid.
A truce was declared on 12 March 1930, after another child was killed by New Zealand marines who were now suffering heat exhaustion and tropical infections.
The Mau movement had not gone unnoticed by the population of New Zealand, and the treatment of Samoans at the hands of the administration had become a contentious issue in some New Zealand electorates during the 1929 election.
1936 marked a turning point for Samoa, with the election of a Labour Government in New Zealand and the subsequent relaxation of repression by the Samoan administration.
When Western Samoa gained its independence in 1962, Tupua Tamasese Meaole, son of the Mau movement leader, became its first co-head of state with Malietoa Tanumafili II.
Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II (1921–1975), the son of another high chief and Mau leader Mata'afa Faumuina Fiame Mulinu'u I, became the first Prime Minister of Samoa.
In July 1997, the Samoa Constitution was amended to change the country's name to Samoa, and officially the Independent State of Samoa.
In 2002, Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand made an unprecedented move and apologised to Samoa for New Zealand's treatment of Samoans during the colonial era.
The apology covered the influenza epidemic of 1918, the shooting of unarmed Mau protesters by New Zealand police in 1929 and the banishing of matai (chiefs) from their homes.
The Mau movement was an indigenous opposition to the U.S. annexation of the eastern Samoan islands in 1899, and had manifestations in both the Western and Eastern Samoan island groups.
It featured the signing of petitions in efforts to enact political transformation vis-a-vis American colonial government, and included effort to resist taxation of copra.
It emerged as a result of fluctuating prices of copra and represented an open affront to the American Navy and its patterns of treatment of the indigenous Samoan people and failure to respect Samoan customs, conceptions of self-government and the Samoan way of life.
The leader of the movement, Samuel Ripley of Leone, Tutuila, was in effect exiled from American Samoa, when he was barred by the US Navy authorities from disembarking from a ship returning to Pagopago from California, and he was never allowed to return to his homeland.
The United States sent a committee to American Samoa in 1930, including US citizens from Hawaii who had a prominent role in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and Queen Lili'uokalani.
Their report, favourable to the US position, had a considerable influence on US policy, and the American Samoa Mau was totally suppressed by the US.
Joan Daemen (; born 1965) is a Belgian cryptographer who co-designed the Rijndael cipher with Vincent Rijmen, which was selected as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in 2001.
More recently, he co-designed the Keccak cryptographic hash, which was selected as the new SHA-3 hash by NIST in October 2012.
He subsequently joined the COSIC research group, and has worked on the design and cryptanalysis of block ciphers, stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions.
Otago Harbour is the natural harbour of Dunedin, New Zealand, consisting of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating the Otago Peninsula from the mainland.
It is home to Dunedin's two port facilities, Port Chalmers (half way along the harbour) and at Dunedin's wharf (at the harbour's end).
The harbour has been of significant economic importance for approximately 700 years, as a sheltered harbor and fishery, then deep water port.
The harbour was formed from the drowned remnants of the giant Dunedin Volcano, centred close to what is now Port Chalmers.
The ancient and modern channel runs along the western side of the harbour, the eastern side being shallow, with large sandbanks exposed at low tide.
The nearby smaller island known as Pudding Island (Titeramoa) lies close to the Peninsula shore and can be reached by foot at low tide.
The Water of Leith flows into the harbour at its southern end, which along with numerous streams lower the salinity of the harbour water.
In total, four species of pinnipeds, and at least nine or more species of cetaceans are known to inhabit or migrate through the area.
The outer peninsula or adjacent to Taiaroa Head is one of three main congregating areas for dusky dolphin in New Zealand waters and the harbor and peninsula hosts important areas for breeding and nursing.
Other species such as common dolphins and orcas can visit the harbor entrance where orcas and dusky dolphins have been seen interacting without violence.
Southern right whales historically frequented inside the entrance of the harbor possibly up to Quarantine and Goat Islands, They used the shallow, calm water for nursing calves before commercial whaling wiped them out.
It is not known exactly when the first Europeans (likely sealers) entered the harbour, however Maori oral tradition puts it some time 'long before' 1810.
Written records of this time are restricted to a handful of journals and newspaper accounts of sailors who only stayed briefly.
The court record containing it, made in 1810, refers to the harbour as 'Port Daniel', a name which stayed in use for some years.
After a visit to nearby Whareakeake (Murdering Beach) where Tucker had been living since 1815 and where he and two other men were now killed Kelly took revenge on Māori on his ship in the harbour, including a chief Korako.
He then burnt a harbourside village,'the beautiful City of Otago', probably on Te Rauone Beach and certainly not at Whareakeake as has often been suggested.
In 1826 Thomas Shepherd, one of a party of intending colonists, explored the site of Dunedin and left the oldest surviving pictures of the harbour and nearby coast, now in the Mitchell Library Sydney.
From its origins as a secret sealers' haven Otago Harbour developed into a busy international whaling port after the Weller brothers established their whaling station at Te Umu Kuri, Wellers Rock, at what is now called Otakou in November 1831.
The busiest whaling port south of the Bay of Islands, it was also the hub of the largest European population in New Zealand after the Bay of Islands/Hokianga district by the end of 1839.
By that time whaling had collapsed and Dumont D'Urville and his officers, visiting in 1840, observed the port had become the centre of a riotous trade in liquor and prostitution.
This continued until the Scottish settlers arrived in 1848 and made Port Chalmers and Dunedin the new population centres on the harbour.
While Otago Harbour might have the appearance of an excellent deep-water port, it was not naturally suited to such a role, especially in the early days of settlement when ships needed to dock close to the city.
The flat land at the southern end of the harbour and close to the isthmus of Otago Peninsula was ideally suited for a city (and was the site for Dunedin), but the harbour itself could naturally accommodate deep-drafted ships only as far as Port Chalmers.
In 1946 Otakou Fisheries was started based out of the township of the same name on the eastern side of the harbour.
As the city grew, and particularly with the increase in commerce that developed following the Otago Gold Rush of the 1860s, it became desirable to provide a means for ships to reach the city's wharves.
A significant area at the head of the harbour has been reclaimed since the founding of Dunedin, primarily for industrial use.
Smaller portions have also been reclaimed at a number of places around the harbour, including Port Chalmers, Macandrew Bay, and Broad Bay.
As finance allowed, the channel was gradually widened and deepened, and by 1907, twice as many ships were using Dunedin's wharves as used Port Chalmers.
It was only with the advent of Port Chalmers' container port in the early 1970s that the Victoria Channel again became quiet.
The channel is maintained by Port Otago Ltd, who keep it dredged to a depth of eight metres, allowing ships of up to 40,000 tonnes deadweight to travel up the harbour to Dunedin.
Much of the channel's larger traffic in the early 21st century is oil transport to Dunedin city and chemicals and fertiliser to and from Ravensbourne's fertiliser works.
The harbour is tidal, shallow and seldom rough and for that reason is popular for water sports such as yachting and windsurfing.
A channel along the western side of the harbour is regularly dredged, allowing vessels with a draught of 12.5 m to Port Chalmers, and 8 m all the way to the heart of Dunedin.
Portobello is home to one of New Zealand's leading marine research establishments, the Portobello Marine Laboratory, a department of the University of Otago.
There are currently numerous sightseeing and fishing boats that can be chartered and one scheduled ferry from Port Chalmers to Portobello.
The town is known for its saree industry which is a traditional business and centuries old art of the people of this city.
Ancient cultural and archaeological remains have been found at multiple places in the area giving enough evidence of long history of human habitat in the area.
The known archaeological history of Mau is about 1500 years old, when the entire area was covered under thick dense forest.
The nuts who used to live along Tamsa river, are considered to be the oldest inhabitants and the ruler of the area.
As per the records on official webpage of the district, in 1028 A.D. King Syed Shalar Masood Ghazi came with a huge army to conquer the area but he went back to Afghanistan, living few of his people in the area.
Around 1540- 1545, Sher Shah Suri, the famous emperor who defeated Humayun, during his reign visited Kolhuvavan (Madhuban) to meet the great Sufi saint Syed Ahmad Wadva.
The area also finds place in the historical book of Ziyaudeen Barni with a description that the great Mughal emperor Akbar passed through Mau on his way to Allahabad.
At that time, labourer and artisans originally belonging to Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey, who had come with Mughal army settled here permanently.
These artisans integrated into the society over a period of time but they kept their art alive and despite a gradual demise of the handloom industry in the eastern Uttar Pradesh, the saree industry of Mau still remains the last bastion of handicraft in the area otherwise an industrially thriving region till the end of last century.
It is also believed that one of Akbar's daughter, Jahan Aara had also settled in that area where she built a mosque.
The original structure of the mosque is not surviving anymore but place is known as Shahi Qatra and there is a Shahi Mosque in that locality reminding of its past glory.
During the Indian freedom struggle, the people of Mau had given full support to the movement, and Mahatma Gandhi had also made a visit to Doharighat region of the district in 1939.
In 1932, Azamgarh was made independent district, Mau region was a part of it until 1988 when the current area of Mau district was carved out of Azamgarh on 19 November 1988 to make Mau a separate district in which the then Union Minister of State of India (Power) Kalpnath Rai played a pivotal role.
He is also credited to start an array of developmental activities in the city including new Railway Station and a stadium.
After demise of textile industry of Banares and Mubarakpur, Mau stands as one of the last bastion of textile hubs of UP.
There are speculations that this huge industry will benefit if GI is awarded to Mau as well as if clusters (of powerlooms, resembling modern industry) are encouraged.
As per the census of 2011, Mau had a population of 278,745 of which 142,967 are males while 135,778 are females.
Female Sex Ratio is of 950 against state average of 912 and Child Sex Ratio in Mau is around 952 compared to Uttar Pradesh state average of 902.
Mau is a Nagar Palika Parishad city and it's divided into 36 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.
It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Palika Parishad limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.
In 2001 census, Mau had a population of 1,853,997 of which males were 933,523 and remaining 920,474 were females with the population density of 1087 people per km.
There are 978 Females for every 1000 Male and child sex ratio of girls is 946 per 1000 boys in Mau, Which is above the national average of 940.
Today it is a primarily residential area, with many apartment buildings, ribbons of commercial zoning and a single-family residential area in its northwest corner.
In Spanish and Mexican days, the area that later became Palms was a part of the Rancho La Ballona, where in 1819 Agustín and Ygnacio Machado, along with Felipe Talamantes and his son, Tomás, acquired grazing rights to of land.
The family lore relates that Agustín was chosen, by virtue of his skill as a horseman to ride his fastest steed, from dawn until dusk, beginning at the foot of the Playa del Rey hills to claim Rancho La Ballona, or Paso de las Carretas.
It stretched to Pico Boulevard (abutting Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica) and to what we know as Ince Boulevard, where Rancho Rincón de los Bueyes began.
Agustin Machado died in 1865, the same year La Ballona School was constructed to serve all elementary-age children within the Ballona School District.
The store, which was also a way stop on the county road between Los Angeles and the ocean, also housed the area's first post office.
With a huge investment in their new coast-to-coast rail lines and large Los Angeles land holdings, the railroads set forth a long-term plan for growth.
In 1882, several Midwestern families chartered a reconditioned freight car and left their homes in Le Mars, Iowa, to settle in the valley.
They held their first Sunday school in the old La Ballona School on Washington Boulevard, and in fall 1883 they organized a United Brethren Church with 11 members.
They named it The Palms, even though they had to bring in palm trees and plant them near the train station.
The site was midway between Los Angeles and Santa Monica on the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad (now the Expo line light rail line.).
Although its exact location has been lost, contemporary sources indicate the existence of a Palms Villa, Palm Villa, or Villa Hotel at least from no later than 1890 through 1904.
The residential development of a vast area west of the Los Angeles city limits brought a pressure for annexation to the city.
Particularly noted was, first, the construction by L.A. of a new outfall sewer that could serve the area and, second, plans by the city engineer for a flood control project for the La Cienega region.
Agitation for annexation was begun by Palms residents, but the reach was extended all the way west to the then-separate city of Sawtelle limits so that municipality could be annexed later.
On June 1, 1914, the annexation succeeded, by a 342–136 vote, and on May 4, 1915, Los Angeles voters approved the annexation of the Palms district, as well as that of the extensive San Fernando Valley.
The 1886 subdivision map filed with Los Angeles County showed Palms as bounded on the northeast by what would today be Manning Avenue.
When Palms was annexed to the city of Los Angeles in 1915, the bounds extended westward from Arlington Avenue on the southeast and about Rimpau Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard on the northeast to Pico and Exposition Boulevards on the northwest.
The portion of Palms girded by Overland, Sepulveda, National, and Charnock Road was developed just before World War II as Westside Village.
The City of Los Angeles has posted official neighborhood signs for Westside Village, and it has its own neighborhood association: the Westside Village Homeowners Association.
The Palms Neighborhood Council boundaries were defined by the city to omit Westside Village (which had already been claimed by the Mar Vista Community Council) and the area north and east of National Boulevard, which went to the Westside Neighborhood Council.
As of the 2000 census the population of Palms was 42,545, and the city estimated its population at 45,475 in 2008.
With a population density of 21,983 people per square mile it is one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in Los Angeles.
Almost half the residents (45.9%) had a four-year degree, which was a high figure compared to the city as a whole.
Until the early 1960s, most of Palms was single-family homes and small duplexes and triplexes, most of which were built in the Craftsman and Spanish Colonial styles that dominated Southern California in the first quarter of the 20th century.
Very few original houses remain, and many of those are on lots where additional housing units have been built on what were once backyards.
Palms is now one of Los Angeles' most densely populated neighborhoods, but the average household size of two people was low compared to the city at large.
The housing stock in historic Palms is now almost completely composed of apartment buildings, and 92% of the population there are renters.
The upscale Westside Village district contains the only significant remaining concentration of owner-occupied single-family homes, largely constructed by developer Fritz Burns in assembly-line style just before World War II; most of these houses have been expanded during their lifetime, and some have been replaced in recent years by bigger, two-story dwellings.
The line now travels through Palms once again on its way to Santa Monica, with the station at the intersection of National, Palms and Exposition Boulevards which opened on May 20, 2016.
Religious sites include the complexes of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness on Watseka Avenue and the Iranian-American Muslim Association of North America (IMAN) on Motor Avenue.
In addition, it is also one of the centers of the Brazilian community in Los Angeles, with a number of Brazilian-oriented restaurants and shops, and one nightclub.
In 1979 the original Chippendales erotic male dancing club at 3739 Overland Avenue at McCune Avenue was started by Bengali immigrant Steve Banerjee when he turned his nightclub-disco, Destiny II, into a venue for male strippers.
The area is host to an unusual museum, the Museum of Jurassic Technology, and a research institute, the Center for Land Use Interpretation.
Its founding president was Len Nguyen, who resigned shortly after his taking office to work for newly elected City Council Member Bill Rosendahl.
She was succeeded by George Garrigues (2008–09), Dee Olomajeye (2009–12), Eli Lipmen (2012–14), Marisa Stewart (2014-16), Nick Greif (2016-2018) and Alison Regan (2018–2019).
Stakeholders include not only those who live, work or own property in the district, but also a broader category of people who can claim affiliation through some other kind of activity on behalf of Palms organizations.
Three from that category were elected in spring 2005 to the Representative Assembly, a 13-member governing body composed of officers chosen on a district-wide basis and representatives elected from local areas.
Almost half of Palms residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a high figure for both the city and the county.
The percentages of residents of that age with a bachelor's degree or a master's degree were also considered high for the county.
The recreation center has an auditorium, barbecue pits, lighted outdoor basketball courts, a children's play room, a community room, and picnic tables.
It is this park where rapper Snoop Dogg was alleged to have been involved in the shooting death of gang member Philip Woldemariam.
The Indonesian throughflow (ITF) is an ocean current with importance for global climate since it provides a low-latitude pathway for warm, fresh water to move from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean and this serves as the upper branch of the global heat conveyor belt.
Higher ocean surface topography in the western Pacific than in the Indian Ocean drives upper thermocline water from the North Pacific through the western route of the Makassar Strait to either directly exit through the Lombok Strait or flow eastward into the Banda Sea.
Weaker flow of saltier and denser South Pacific water passes over the Lifamatola Passage into the Banda Sea, where these water masses are mixed due to tidal effects, Ekman pumping, and heat and fresh water flux at the ocean surface.
Lombok Strait is 300m deep and roughly 35 km wide and the currents vary between 0.286 m/s (0.6 mi/hr) eastward to 0.67 m/s westward and average 0.25 m/s westward.
Currents in Ombai vary between 0.12 m/s eastward to 0.16 m/s westward, averaging 0.11 m/s westward and are funneled within the 1250m deep and 35 km wide passage.
Timor passage, which is 1890 m deep by 160 km wide, is the widest of the exit pathways and averages only 0.02 m/s.
From 2004–2006, 11 moorings were deployed across the entrance and exit regions of the ITF and were positioned to accurately measure each passage’s contribution as part of the International Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) program.
Total outflow transport corresponds to 15.0 Sv (varying from 10.7 to 18.7 Sv) and is made up of Lombok (2.6 Sv), Ombai (4.9 Sv) and Timor (7.5 Sv) contributions.
During June to August, southeasterlies of the southwest monsoon predominate over Indonesia and drive strong Ekman divergence (southwestward flow in the Southern Hemisphere thus increasing ITF to 15 Sv) whereas from December to February, Northwest Monsoon westerlies serve to directly reduce the ITF .
During monsoon transitions, strong westerly winds in the eastern Indian Ocean force equatorial downwelling Kelvin waves (eastward moving, eastward flow) that propagate through the Indonesian passages as coastally trapped Kelvin waves and serve to reduce the ITF flow with a minimum in April of 9 Sv.
Another way to think about it is that downwelling on the Indian Ocean side increases sea level and so reduces the normal Pacific-to-Indian pressure head reducing the flow.
Global-scale, ocean waves such as equatorial/coastal Kelvin and Rossby waves drive interannual variation of the ITF with an amplitude of roughly +/-3 Sv.
Western-central Pacific westerly winds from El Nino force westward moving-equatorial Rossby waves and eastward currents that hit eastern New Guinea and propagate around the west coast as coastal Kelvin waves and down through the ITF along the west Australia Shelf coast serving to reduce the ITF.
Interannual variability of Indian Ocean westerlies act in the same manner as the seasonal equatorial Kelvin waves to reduce the normal westward ITF flow as well.
An important feature of the Indonesian Throughflow is that because the water in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean has a higher temperature and lower salinity than the water in the Indian Ocean, the Throughflow transports large amounts of relatively warm and fresh water to the Indian Ocean.
When the Indonesian Throughflow (through Lombok Strait, Ombai and the Timor Passages) enters the Indian Ocean it is advected towards Africa within the Indian South Equatorial Current.
So the Indonesian Throughflow transports a significant amount of Pacific Ocean heat into the southwest Indian Ocean, which is approximately away from the Lombok Strait.
Rudy Ratzinger was the creative force behind Wumpscut, occasionally employing the help of guest artists (such as Aleta Welling, P·A·L, Selene etc.).
First works performed by Wumpscut dates back to the early 1990s when Rudy Ratzinger started to play music in Bavarian club houses and in Southern Germany.
Since its release in 1993, it has become a frequently played song at events and clubs in the goth and industrial subcultures, in Germany, UK and the United States.
Rudy Ratzinger has to date released seventeen studio albums plus a number of compilations: demos, compilation tracks, and remixes from deleted singles and EPs.
Ratzinger started his own record label, Beton Kopf Media, in 1995, used exclusively to release Wumpscut material to the European market.
Rudy also managed the label Fleisskoma with Karl Kimmerl (B-Ton-K), which has released work by the electronic band Press to Transmit.
Lopez Island is the third largest of the San Juan Islands and an unincorporated town in San Juan County, Washington, United States.
The 2000 census population was 2,177, though the population swells in the summer, as second homes, rental houses and campsites fill up.
He renamed the island Lopez, for Gonzalo López de Haro, the Spanish naval officer who was the first European to discover the San Juan Islands archipelago.
The museum has an extensive archive of local historical documents as well as artifacts depicting life on Lopez Island in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The racial makeup of the city was 93.6% White, 0.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races.
There were 1,204 households, of which 14% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families.
33.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
Lopez is home to a large number of tourist related businesses, largely country-style bed and breakfasts and rental houses, many with ocean views.
There is a vineyard, one hotel and resort, two public marinas, several restaurants and cafes, a Zagat-rated gourmet restaurant, a small bookstore, and two coffee shops.
But overall, the drivers are bicycle-friendly and the roads are easier to ride than the other islands, with lower speed limits.
The island is known for the longstanding custom of waving at every motorist, bicyclist, or pedestrian encountered on the island's roads.
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) is Microsoft's implementation of NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS), a name server and service for NetBIOS computer names.
Effectively, WINS is to NetBIOS names what DNS is to domain names — a central mapping of host names to network addresses.
Like the DNS, it is implemented in two parts, a server service (that manages the embedded Jet Database, server to server replication, service requests, and conflicts) and a TCP/IP client component which manages the client's registration and renewal of names, and takes care of queries.
The Plague of Justinian (541–542 AD) was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and especially its capital, Constantinople, as well as the Sasanian Empire, and port cities around the entire Mediterranean Sea, as merchant ships harbored rats that carried fleas infected with plague.
Some historians believe the plague of Justinian was one of the deadliest pandemics in history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 25–50 million people during two centuries of recurrence, a death toll equivalent to 13–26% of the world's population at the time of the first outbreak.
The plague's social and cultural impact has been compared to that of the similar Black Death that devastated Europe in the Middle Ages, 600 years after the last outbreak of Justinian's plague.
Procopius, a Greek who was the principal historian of the 6th century, described the pandemic as worldwide in scope, and this first plague returned periodically until the eighth century.
This suggests that the expansion of nomadic peoples who moved across the Eurasian steppe, such as the Xiongnu and the later Huns, had a role in spreading plague to West Eurasia from an origin in Central Asia.
However, the spread of Justinian plague may have caused the evolutionary radiation that gave rise to the currently extant 0ANT.1 clade of strains.
According to contemporary sources, the outbreak in Constantinople was thought to have been carried to the city by infected rats on grain ships arriving from Egypt.
Grain ships may have been the original source of contagion, as the rat (and flea) population in Egypt thrived on feeding from the large granaries maintained by the government.
Two other firsthand reports of the plague's ravages were by the Syriac church historian John of Ephesus and Evagrius Scholasticus, who was a child in Antioch at the time and later became a church historian.
During the disease's four returns in his lifetime, he lost his wife, a daughter and her child, other children, most of his servants and people from his country estate.
Procopius, in a passage closely modeled on Thucydides, recorded that at its peak the plague was killing 10,000 people in Constantinople daily, but the accuracy of the figure is in question, and the true number will probably never be known.
When pestilence swept through the whole known world and notably the Roman Empire, wiping out most of the farming community and of necessity leaving a trail of desolation in its wake, Justinian showed no mercy towards the ruined freeholders.
Even then, he did not refrain from demanding the annual tax, not only the amount at which he assessed each individual, but also the amount for which his deceased neighbors were liable.
As a result of the plague in the countryside, farmers could not take care of crops and the price of grain rose at Constantinople.
Justinian had expended huge amounts of money for wars against the Vandals in the region of Carthage and the Ostrogoths' kingdom in Italy.
As the empire tried to fund the projects, the plague caused tax revenues to decline through the massive number of deaths and the disruption of agriculture and trade.
Justinian swiftly enacted new legislation to deal more efficiently with the glut of inheritance suits being brought as a result of victims dying intestate.
As the disease spread to port cities around the Mediterranean, the struggling Goths were reinvigorated and their conflict with Constantinople entered a new phase.
The plague weakened the Byzantine Empire at a critical point, when Justinian's armies had nearly retaken all of Italy and the western Mediterranean coast; the evolving conquest would have reunited the core of the Western Roman Empire with the Eastern Roman Empire.
In 568, the Lombards invaded Northern Italy, defeated the small Byzantine army that had been left behind, and established the Kingdom of the Lombards.
Some scholars have suggested that the plague facilitated the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, as its aftermath coincided with the renewed Saxon offensives in the 550s.
Some modern scholars believe that the plague killed up to 5,000 people per day in Constantinople at the peak of the pandemic.
According to one view, the initial plague ultimately killed perhaps 40% of the city's inhabitants and caused the deaths of up to a quarter of the human population of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Frequent subsequent waves of the plague continued to strike throughout the 6th, 7th and 8th centuries, with the disease becoming more localized and less virulent.
After the last recurrence in 750, pandemics on the scale of the Plague of Justinian did not appear again in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century.
The Aston Martin Lagonda is a full-size luxury four-door saloon which was manufactured by British automobile manufacturer Aston Martin between 1974 and 1990.
There are two distinct generations, the original, the short lived 1974 design based on a lengthened Aston Martin V8, and the entirely redesigned, wedge-shaped Series 2 model introduced in 1976 along with subsequent evolutions.
In 2014, Aston Martin confirmed it would launch a new Lagonda model called the Taraf for the Middle-East market, sold on an invitation only basis which is considered to be the successor of the Lagonda saloon.
Together with famous contemporaries like the Lamborghini Countach, Lotus Esprit, and the DMC DeLorean, the Lagonda is frequently named among the most striking wedge-shaped designs of all.
The development cost for the electronics alone on the Lagonda came to four times as much as the budget for the whole car.
The Series 3 used cathode ray tubes for the instrumentation, which proved even less reliable than the original model's light-emitting diode (LED) display.
Designed by William Towns and based on the DBS, it was the first car to wear the Lagonda name since the 1961 Rapide.
Williams, Ltd of Cobham to a 7.0 litre version of the original Aston Martin V8 engine, able to generate a power output ranging from to on unleaded fuel.
The wedge shaped Lagonda V8 saloon was launched in 1976 at the London Motor Show and was a total contrast to the 1974 model, sharing little but the engine.
Series 2 cars were originally fitted with digital LED dashboards and touch pad controls, but the innovative steering wheel controls and gas plasma display were abandoned in 1980.
The Lagonda retailed at GB£49,933 in 1980, significantly more than a Ferrari 400 or Maserati Kyalami but less than a Rolls-Royce Corniche.
The car commenced sales in the US from 1982 with minor amendments to the front bumper and airdam due to regulations.
Originally with cathode ray tube instruments, later versions featured a vacuum fluorescent display system similar to that used by some Vauxhalls and Opels, but were the same as the Series 2 model from the exterior.
The Series 4 was launched at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1987 and received a significant exterior facelift by the car's original designer William Towns.
The car's sharp edges were rounded off and the pop-up headlights were eliminated, with a new arrangement of triple headlights on each side of the grille being the most obvious alteration, along with the removal of the side swage line (or character line) and the introduction of 16-inch wheels.
81 remain registered in the United Kingdom , down only slightly from 94 in 1994, but 32 of the surviving examples are SORN.
He influenced many subsequent French philosophers, among them Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, Dominique Lecourt and Jacques Derrida, as well as the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.
Empiricism and rationalism are not regarded as dualism or opposition but complementary, therefore studies of a priori and a posteriori or in other words reason and are dialectic and are part of scientific research.
He was a professor at the University of Dijon from 1930 to 1940 and then was appointed chair in the history and philosophy of science at the University of Paris.
One task of epistemology is to make clear the mental patterns at use in science, in order to help scientists overcome the obstacles to knowledge.
Thus models that framed scientific development as continuous, such as that of Comte and Émile Meyerson, seemed simplistic and erroneous to Bachelard.
He showed that new theories integrated old theories in new paradigms, changing the sense of concepts (for instance, the concept of mass, used by Newton and Einstein in two different senses).
The role of epistemology is to show the history of the (scientific) production of concepts; those concepts are not just theoretical propositions: they are simultaneously abstract and concrete, pervading technical and pedagogical activity.
For instance, he claimed that the theory of probabilities was just another way of complexifying reality through a deepening of rationality (even though critics like Lord Kelvin found this theory irrational).
Though most of Bachelard's major works on poetics have been translated into English, only about half of his works on the philosophy of science have been translated.
Juliana (variants Julianna, Giuliana, Iuliana, Julijana, Yuliana, etc) is a feminine given name which is the feminine version of the Roman name Julianus.
Juliana or Giuliana was the name of a number of early saints, notably Saint Julian the Hospitaller, which ensured the name's continued popularity in the medieval period.
It was the second BBC local radio station, beginning on 15 November 1967 broadcasting from a large Victorian house in Westbourne Road in the Broomhill area of the city.
It now broadcasts from a new studio complex at 54 Shoreham Street in Sheffield city centre, on 88.6, 94.7, 104.1 FM, 1035 AM, DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) and DTR (Digital Television Radio).
The 104.1FM signal is broadcast at 2,500 ft from the Holme Moss transmitter in West Yorkshire, near the border with Derbyshire, enabling the signal to be clearly heard in Barnsley, North Rotherham, Doncaster and parts of Nottinghamshire.
It also broadcasts DAB on 11C multiplex for Sheffield and surrounding areas and it broadcasts DTR for South Yorkshire and surrounding areas for freeview TV channel 734 on UHF 27-522 MHz the BBCA multiplex.
The 94.7FM signal is broadcast from the Chesterfield transmitter and serves Derbyshire, parts of Nottinghamshire and the East of South Yorkshire.
The 1035AM signal is broadcast from the Broadfield Road transmitter in Sheffield (behind Heeley swimming baths) and serves South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and parts of Lincolnshire and West Yorkshire.
A DAB signal is broadcast from the Clifton transmitter (next to the M18 east of Rotherham) to serve Rotherham, Doncaster, Worksop and surrounding areas.
Another DAB signal is broadcast from Ardsley transmitter East of Barnsley to serve Barnsley, Dearne Valley and parts of West Yorkshire.
Plus, its DAB signals are also broadcast from the Clarborough transmitter near Retford to cover parts of North Nottinghamshire and strengthen signals from the Clifton transmitter.
The Emley Moor transmitter broadcasts DTR for freeview TV channel 734 for Yorkshire, Derbyshire and parts of Lincolnshire on UHF 47-682 MHz the BBCA multiplex.
While the FM, DAB and Freeview transmissions of BBC Radio Sheffield officially cover North Nottinghamshire, including the district of Bassetlaw which includes the towns of Retford and Worksop, editorially, news output is covered by BBC Radio Nottingham via its radio and Internet news and social media channels, despite the area being officially outside the coverage area of BBC Radio Nottingham's FM, DAB and Freeview signals.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Sheffield carries regional programming for Yorkshire and the North Midlands from sister station BBC Radio Leeds.
If the brain perceives the threat as credible, it creates the sensation of pain to direct attention to the body part, so the threat can hopefully be mitigated; this process is called nociception.
In earlier centuries, scientists believed that animals were like mechanical devices that transformed the energy of sensory stimuli into motor responses.
Sherrington used many different experiments to demonstrate that different types of stimulation to an afferent nerve fiber's receptive field led to different responses.
Internal nociceptors are found in a variety of organs, such as the muscles, the joints, the bladder, the gut, and the digestive tract.
The trigeminal ganglia are specialized nerves for the face, whereas the dorsal root ganglia are associated with the rest of the body.
The neural-crest stem cells split from the neural tube as it closes, and nociceptors grow from the dorsal part of this neural-crest tissue.
All neurons derived from the neural crest, including embryonic nociceptors, express the TrkA, which is a receptor to nerve-growth factor (NGF).
They are classified as either peptidergic or nonpeptidergic nociceptors, each of which express a distinct repertoire of ion channels and receptors.
The nonpeptidergic nociceptors switch off the TrkA and begin expressing Ret, which is a transmembrane signaling component that allows the expression of glial-cell-derived growth factor (GDNF).
When the electrical energy reaches a threshold value, an action potential is induced and driven towards the central nervous system (CNS).
Other nociceptors respond to none of these modalities (although they may respond to stimulation under conditions of inflammation) and are referred to as sleeping or silent.
They are myelinated and can allow an action potential to travel at a rate of about 20 meters/second towards the CNS.
The second phase is a more prolonged and slightly less intense feeling of pain as a result of the acute damage.
If there is massive or prolonged input to a C fiber, there is a progressive build up in the spinal cord dorsal horn; this phenomenon is similar to tetanus in muscles but is called wind-up.
There are specific nociceptor transducers that are responsible for how and if the specific nerve ending responds to the thermal stimulus.
The first to be discovered was TRPV1, and it has a threshold that coincides with the heat pain temperature of 42 °C.
The interactions between all these channels and how the temperature level is determined to be above the pain threshold are unknown at this time.
Although this channel corresponds to cool stimuli, it is still unknown whether it also contributes in the detection of intense cold.
Apart from these external stimulants, chemical nociceptors have the capacity to detect endogenous ligands, and certain fatty acid amines that arise from changes in internal tissues.
Although each nociceptor can have a variety of possible threshold levels, some do not respond at all to chemical, thermal or mechanical stimuli unless injury actually has occurred.
These are typically referred to as silent or sleeping nociceptors since their response comes only on the onset of inflammation to the surrounding tissue.
Aδ fibers form synapses in laminae I and V, C fibers connect with neurons in lamina II, Aβ fibers connect with lamina I, III, & V. After reaching the specific lamina within the spinal cord, the first order nociceptive project to second order neurons that cross the midline at the anterior white commissure.
The second order neurons then send their information via two pathways to the thalamus: the dorsal column medial-lemniscal system and the anterolateral system.
Upon reaching the thalamus, the information is processed in the ventral posterior nucleus and sent to the cerebral cortex in the brain via fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
As there is an ascending pathway to the brain that initiates the conscious realization of pain, there also is a descending pathway which modulates pain sensation.
The brain can request the release of specific hormones or chemicals that can have analgesic effects which can reduce or inhibit pain sensation.
The periaqueductal grey in turn projects to other areas involved in pain regulation, such as the nucleus raphes magnus which also receives similar afferents from the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NPG).
In turn the nucleus raphe magnus projects to the substantia gelatinosa region of the dorsal horn and mediates the sensation of spinothalamic inputs.
The periaqueductal grey also contains opioid receptors which explains one of the mechanisms by which opioids such as morphine and diacetylmorphine exhibit an analgesic effect.
Normally hyperalgesia ceases when inflammation goes down, however, sometimes genetic defects and/or repeated injury can result in allodynia: a completely non-noxious stimulus like light touch causes extreme pain.
With this situation, surviving dorsal root axons of the nociceptors can make contact with the spinal cord, thus changing the normal input.
Nociception has been documented in non-mammalian animals, including fish and a wide range of invertebrates, including leeches, nematode worms, sea slugs, and larval fruit flies.
Although these neurons may have different pathways and relationships to the central nervous system than mammalian nociceptors, nociceptive neurons in non-mammals often fire in response to similar stimuli as mammals, such as high temperature (40 degrees C or more), low pH, capsaicin, and tissue damage.
A semi-arid climate or steppe climate is the climate of a region that receives precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate.
In South Asia, both India and sections of Pakistan experiences the seasonal effects of monsoons and feature short but well-defined wet seasons, but is not sufficiently wet overall to qualify as a tropical savanna climate.
Hot semi-arid climates can also be found in Europe (primarily in Southeast Spain) and small parts of Italy, Greece and Cyprus.
Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates.
These areas usually see some snowfall during the winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates.
Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as or more in that time frame.
Cold semi-arid climates at higher latitudes tend to have dry winters and wetter summers, while cold semi-arid climates at lower latitudes tend to have precipitation patterns more akin to subtropical climates, with dry summers, relatively wet winters, and even wetter springs and autumns.
However, they can also be found in Northern Africa, South Africa, Europe, sections of South America and sections of interior southern Australia and New Zealand.
In climate classification, three isotherms means that delineate between hot and cold semi-arid climates — the 18°C average annual temperature or that of the coldest month (0°C or −3°C), the warm side of the isotherm of choice defining a BSh climate from the BSk on the cooler side.
As a result of this, some areas can have climates that are classified as hot or cold semi-arid depending on the isotherm used.
Brown began by writing a few songs, and subsequently enlisted the help of his brother Peter Brown on drums, Rich Liegey on bass and backing vocals and Philip A. Jimenez on various percussion instruments, keyboards, harmonica, providing samples and special effects.
Then, in 1999 they hired New York entertainment attorney Ray Maiello who booked them at the Luna Lounge on New York's Lower East Side for regular appearances.
The band began work on their second album in the summer of 2002, with Brendan enlisting the help of his sister, Liz Brown, and the band's merchandiser, Kathryn Froggatt, as backing vocalists.
Shannon Harris of Relish, a band who had previously supported Wheatus on their earlier tours, was also added to the band as keyboardist.
In October 2004, the band made the decision to part with their record label, and as such, formed their own record label, Montauk Mantis.
During this time, they also enlisted Michael Bellar as a replacement for Shannon Harris, who had decided to leave the band over the dispute.
The album was originally only made available via the band's website, until 2007, when it was added to iTunes and Amazon MP3 after the band signed a distribution contract.
A further line-up changed occurred in May 2006 when drummer Pete Brown decided to give up being a musician to get married.
In February 2007, Wheatus joined the UK leg of the Get Happy Tour, along with founders Bowling for Soup and Army of Freshmen and British pop-punk outfit Son of Dork, for a sold out 13 show tour.
The tour sparked the departure of Liz Brown, who decided to return to her original line of work in New York.
On February 3, the band made an announcement claiming that the material they had been recording would be available to purchase in the fourth quarter of 2008.
In March 2008, the band performed several tour dates in the United States, and also announced dates for an acoustic performance in the United Kingdom.
In October 2008, the band completed a successful tour of the UK, during which some of the new material was showcased in an acoustic form.
An album sampler was released on YouTube in July 27, 2013, while full tracks from the record were uploaded between August 14 and September 9.
The album was released on August 2, 2013 as digital download (mp3 and FLAC) through the band's website, with a vinyl version shipping in late 2013.
Recording was due to take place in late 2015, until plans for a tour celebrating the fifteenth anniversary of their debut album were announced.
Brown also stated that twenty songs had been written for the release, and the band were aiming to record them all before the start of the year.
In early 2019, the band announced plans for their first world tour since 2000, playing in the United States and South Africa, as well as 48 dates across Germany, the Netherlands & the United Kingdom.
During the Welsh dates of the band's world tour, Brown expressed support for Scottish and Welsh independence from the United Kingdom, showing up at a 'Yes' rally march.
As well as continuing to record their seventh album, Brown has stated that the band are in the midst of preparing a 20th anniversary expanded edition of their self-titled debut album, due out in 2020 alongside a 20th anniversary tour.
Some stories list his family name as Okazakii, but some experts believe this is a fabrication to enhance the standing of the Tokugawa family.
Masamune is believed to have worked in Sagami Province during the last part of the Kamakura period (1288–1328), and it is thought that he was trained by swordsmiths from Bizen and Yamashiro provinces, such as Saburo Kunimune, Awataguchi Kunitsuna and Shintōgo Kunimitsu.
The swords of Masamune possess a reputation for superior beauty and quality, remarkable in a period where the steel necessary for swords was often impure.
Swords created by Masamune often are referred to with the smith's name (as with other pieces of artwork), often with a name for the individual sword as well.
The catalogue was created on the orders of the Tokugawa Yoshimune of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1714 and consists of three books.
The contest was for each to suspend the blades in a small creek with the cutting edge facing against the current.
Muramasa's sword, the cut everything that passed its way; fish, leaves floating down the river, the very air which blew on it.
After a while, Muramasa began to scoff at his master for his apparent lack of skill in the making of his sword.
In another account of the story, both blades cut the leaves that went down on the river's current equally well, but the leaves would stick to the blade of Muramasa whereas they would slip on past Masamune's after being sliced.
Yet another version has leaves being sliced by Muramasa's blade while the leaves were repelled by Masamune's, and another again has leaves being sliced by Muramasa's blade and healed by Masamune's.
While all known legends of the two ever having met are historically impossible, both smiths are widely regarded as symbols for their respective eras.
Although probably not a direct student of Masamune due to the dates when he was forging, his works are greatly influenced by Masamune's work and the Soshu tradition as well as the work of the Soden Bizen swordsmiths.
Though the kanji characters are pronounced in Japanese as 'Nagayoshi', by convention the Chinese pronunciation of 'Chogi' is used for this smith, and a handful of others (less commonly for his student Kanenaga, pronounced in Chinese as 'Kencho').
He likely wasn't taught directly by Masamune, however, but was influenced by the Soshu, crafting swords in addition to serving himself as a leader in the Soden Bizen revolution.
He was a monk at the Seisen-ji in Tsuruga, and led to the creation of Echizen swordmaking like Kuniyuki, moving to Mino around the time of Ryakuo (1338–1342) creating the Seki tradition.
The sword takes its name from the story of Oda Nobunaga drawing it to cut through a table to kill Kannai, a tea master who betrayed him.
However, current research indicates that he was a senior student to Masamune, junior to Yukimitsu, under the great teacher Shintōgo Kunimitsu.
He, like Go, hails from Etchu province and is well known as the only smith to have mastered the style of matsukawa-hada (pine tree bark pattern steel), making his work unique.
Very few works exist by this swordsmith due to his death at the young age of 27, No known signed works exist.
He is believed to have gone by the names of Go Yoshihiro or simply Go, the name of the town from which he came.
His work is considered by many to have been influenced by Soshu(相州) even if not taught by Masamune directly, he is also influenced by the Soden Bizen(備前) and Iwami province (石州) style.
It is one of the best known of the swords created by Masamune, and is believed to be among the finest Japanese swords ever made.
The name Honjō possibly came about due to this sword's connection to the general Honjō Shigenaga who gained the sword in battle.
Honjō Shigenaga, general of Uesugi Kenshin in the 16th century, was attacked by Umanosuke who already possessed a number of trophy heads.
Shigenaga was attacked with the Honjō Masamune which split his helmet, but he survived and took the sword as a prize.
It remained in the Kii (紀伊) branch of the Tokugawa family, the last known owner being Tokugawa Iemasa at the end of World War II.
Under the United States occupation at the end of World War II all production of nihontō with edges was banned except under police or government permit.
The Honjō Masamune is the most important of the missing Japanese swords and its current location remains unknown, but there are theories of who may possess the sword.
It was bought by Toyotomi Hidetsugu in 1601 for 500 Kan and was passed to Shōgun Ieyasu and from him to Maeda Toshiie.
This blade is a tantō approximately 25 cm (8 sun 6.5 bun) with a carving of roots on the Omote (Front, outer edge) side.
It also has chopstick-like grooves (Gomabashi 護摩箸) on the back and a Dragon at the ura part of blade (Kurikara 倶利伽羅).
A peculiar work of Masamune, once in the possession of the Tokugawa Shogunate through the Kii Domain and gifted to the main Tokugawa family line in Edo in its prime.
Upon the end of the Tokugawa Era marked by the Bakumatsu, the Musashi Masamune was presented as a gift by Tokugawa Iesato in honor of Yamaoka Tesshū's efforts to facilitate peaceful negotiation with Katsu Kaishū to Saigō Takamori, sparing Edo from war and needless destruction; however, Yamaoka was humbled upon being given such a masterpiece, and had passed it down to statesman Iwakura Tomomi.
Soon after seeing it passed from hand to hand throughout the 20th Century, the Musashi Masamune finally made its way to the Nihon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai in the year 2000 by Motoo Otsuyasu.
The Musashi Masamune is a tachi, measuring 74 cm (2 korai-shaku, 1 sun, 4.2 bun), and noted to have nearly all of the characteristics of Masamune's signature features; though it is debated that its o-kissaki is not that of his style, it is compared to blades made in his later career, which shows the transition of the Kamakura styles into the Nanbokucho era.
It is of rumor that, while the blade is named after Musashi Province, where Edo and current day Tokyo stands, its origins stems from being once in the possession of Miyamoto Musashi, who is considered Japan's most famous swordsman.
These tantō have a wide body, unlike his normal slim and elegant work, making them appear quite similar to a Japanese cooking knife.
In this case Kote is contracted word of Yugote (弓籠手), items of samurai that is equipped with his finger for using a bow.
This name comes from an episode that Asakura Ujikage cut an opposing samurai's yugote in the battle of Toji in Kyôto.
In 1615 it eventually passed down to the Maeda clan who in 1882 presented it as a gift to Emperor Meiji, a known sword collector.
Aviogenex was founded on 21 May 1968 as an air transport division of Generalexport, an enterprise for foreign and domestic trade, tourism and air transport.
Prior to the break-up of Yugoslavia, Aviogenex was the busiest charter airline in the country, handling over half a million passengers per year in the late 1980s.
In 1990 the airline flew 633,932 passengers, with 10 aircraft (5 Boeing 727 and 5 Boeing 737) reaching 17,000 flight hours per year.
In February 2015, it was announced that Aviogenex will cease operations to be liquidated as the government failed to attract investors for the airline.
Clare Elizabeth Kramer was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to a kindergarten teacher mother and a petroleum geologist father and spent most of her childhood in Delaware, Ohio.
After graduating from high school, she attended New York University and received a BFA from NYU's Tisch School of the Arts.
They have four children: daughters Gavin (born 2008) and River Marie (born 2010) and sons Hart (born 2012) and Sky Lynlee (born 2013).
The station was launched at 6:30am on 4 July 1983, a launch which was featured on the cover of the Radio Times, although a year before its launch, BBC Radio York provided a temporary service to cover Pope John Paul II's visit to York.
The original team included David Farwig, Derm Tanner, Andy Joynson, Will Hanrahan, Graham Pass, Andy Hitchcock, Chris Loveder, Chris Choi, Charlotte Counsel, Shirley Lewis and Sandy Barton.
Initially, the station was only on air for a few hours a day - (6:30am to 1pm and 4pm to 6pm during the week with weekend programming restricted to 8am until around 2pm) and carried BBC Radio 2 the rest of the time.
Afternoon broadcasting was introduced and programming started earlier in the day - 6am during the week and 7am over the weekend.
Radio York also started producing its own sports programmes on Saturday afternoons but did not introduce its own Sunday afternoon programming until the end of the decade.
Evening programming started in August 1986 when Radio York joined with the other BBC local stations in Yorkshire in broadcasting an early evening service of specialist music programmes.
May 1989 saw the launch of BBC Night Network - a group of BBC Local Radio stations in the North of England which featured networked programming every evening.
This provided BBC Radio York with evening programming, keeping the station on air until midnight seven days a week, extended until 12:30am in the early 1990s, and to 1am by the end of that decade.
One of those shows, Late Night North with David Dunning, often aired from the York studios and in 2002 the BBC's Yorkshire stations, including Radio York, parted from the network to bring back a phone-in with Alex Hall, who had hosted a similar show on Pulse, as presenter.
University Radio York, the oldest independent legal radio station, is the University of York's student radio station and before the BBC, URY was named Radio York.
Stray FM, the independent station covering the Harrogate and Ripon areas, made its first transmission exactly two years to the day after Minster's launch and eleven years to the day after Radio York's launch.
BBC Radio York broadcasts from its studios in York on 95.5 (Oliver's Mount, Scarborough), 103.7 (Acklam Wold transmitter near Leavening, midway between York and Malton) and 104.3 (Woolmoor, near Upsall four miles north of Thirsk close to the A19 - for Harrogate, Northallerton and the Yorkshire Dales) FM, 666 (Fulford), 1260 (Row Brow, Scarborough) AM and online from their website.
Acklam Wold is the strongest frequency on 103.7 which is for Ryedale and the Vale of York, and the 140 ft transmitter also has the commercial station, Minster FM on 104.7.
The 103.7 signal can be heard as far south as Mansfield on the M1, and can be received in West and South Yorkshire.
Because the refurbishment required was significant, it would not be possible to continue to broadcast from the existing premised during the refurbishment, and no suitable alternative premises could be identified.
Therefore, plans were drawn up for BBC York to move in with BBC Leeds temporarily and to retain a presence in North Yorkshire through the BBC Bus, and through increased contributions from district studios in Harrogate and Scarborough.
The DAB licence that BBC Radio York uses covers North Yorkshire from transmitters at Acklam Wold, Oliver's Mount, Harrogate Hilderbrand and Bilsdale.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio York carries regional programming for Yorkshire and the North Midlands from sister station BBC Radio Leeds.
BBC Radio York provides hourly local news and sport bulletins and weather forecasts every half-hour from 6am until 6pm on weekdays, followed by regional bulletins from Leeds until 10pm.
In 1963, he began attending Colorado State College (now the University of Northern Colorado) in Greeley to study music but his college career was truncated when he won an international talent contest two years later.
Wishing to hone his instrumental skills, in 1966 he set off for Barcelona, Spain, to the Liceu Conservatory, studying with the eminent classical guitarists, Graciano Tarragó and Renata Tarragó.
Upon his return to the States, he joined Randy Sparks in a group called the New Society and did a tour of the Orient.
When the band dissolved in 1967, he signed on with the Chad Mitchell Trio for a year, spending some of that time co-writing with another member, John Denver.
The show visited New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago over the next year; by then, Johnson was ready to return to creating and performing his own music.
91 on the R&B chart while hitting the Top 5 on the AC chart and the Top 40 on the pop chart.
Johnson recorded five albums in all for EMI and in 1985 moved over to RCA Records, where he adopted a contemporary country style that stayed compatible with his soft, mellow leanings.
The British Mountaineering Council (BMC) is the national representative body for England and Wales that exists to protect the freedoms and promote the interests of climbers, hill walkers and mountaineers, including ski-mountaineers.
It aimed to represent the interests of climbing clubs and primarily maintain access for climbers to climb on a mountain, a crag, or even a sea cliff in England and Wales.
The British Mountaineering Council works for its members to provide services and representation for: access and conservation, climbing walls, clubs and huts, competition climbing, equipment advice, guidebooks and maps, heritage, international, safety and skills, youth and equity.
The organisation now has two types of membership; those that are affiliated via a club and those that are individual members.
Editions of the magazine are produced four times per year (Feb, May, Sep, Nov) and are sent direct to all British Mountaineering Council (BMC) individual members.
It is also available to purchase in the BMC online shop and available from selected mountain centres throughout the UK, such as Plas y Brenin in Capel Curig.
It also administers a 'reciprocal rights card' service, giving BMC affiliate members reduced rates in alpine huts owned by other national mountaineering organisations.
However, following a strong backlash from its membership and subsequent consultations and heated online debates, it announced two months later that the renaming would not go ahead.
Because of the way the rebranding issue had been handled, the BMC executive committee subsequently found itself facing a motion of no confidence from some of its members at its April 2017 AGM.
One of the reasons the band self-produced the album was their idea to take specific sounds from different genres and include them into songs.
The tones originate from Brown's acoustic Martin guitar, which is set up through two preamplifiers which are connected to their own power amplifiers.
The music video, directed by Brendan Malloy, is about how a boyfriend fails to impress his girlfriend until Wheatus stages a private concert for the pair.
The band played the album in full in the UK in September and October with support from Mike Doughty and The Hipstones.
Boat racing powered by oars is recorded as having occurred in ancient Egypt, and it is likely that people have engaged in races involving boats and other water-borne craft for as long as such watercraft have existed.
BBC Tees is the BBC Local Radio service for the English areas of Teesside, County Durham and some of North Yorkshire.
Also included in the main coverage area is the Army's main garrison at Catterick Garrison, which is also included in the transmission area of Radio York on 104.3 FM.
The BBC Tees brand was already associated with its 'Where I Live' website and 'BBC Bus', which have both since been discontinued.
The signal on 95 FM is relatively strong and comes from the 900-foot Bilsdale transmitter on the North York Moors, which transmits the main television signals for Teesside and North Yorkshire, and national radio frequencies, as well as the commercial stations TFM, 100-102 Real Radio and Capital FM on 106.4 FM.
The DAB signals come from the Bauer 11B multiplex at Eston Nab (near the A174 road) and Brusselton (near Shildon between the A68 and A6072).
During off-peak hours, BBC Tees also carries regional programming for the North East and Cumbria, produced from sister stations BBC Radio Newcastle and BBC Radio Cumbria.
The album is currently available directly from the band's official website for $10, and is available to download in various formats using a 'pay what you want' donation system where the customer can donate any amount to purchase the album.
BBC Radio Cumbria is the BBC Local Radio service for the English county of Cumbria and broadcasts from studios in Carlisle.
Radio Cumbria began service on 24 November 1973 as BBC Radio Carlisle and could be received across most of the former county of Cumberland.
From the launch of the renamed station, between 25 May 1982 and 1991, an opt-out service, BBC Radio Furness operated in the south of the county at peak times — originally breakfast and lunchtimes on weekdays, and Saturday mornings.
This meant that, in addition to the Furness area, Radio Furness could be received along the south coast of Cumbria, in parts of the Lake District, and the west coast as far as Millom.
Radio Cumbria claims to be listened to by one third of the county's population despite having to face the challenge of an area which is sparsely populated and predominantly rural, with the biggest urban areas around its perimeter.
Radio Cumbria is unusual among BBC local radio stations in that its area does not correspond exactly with a single BBC television region.
On FM, Radio Cumbria broadcasts to northern Cumbria on 95.6 MHz (Sandale) - suitable for drivers on the M6 north of Penrith - and to the south of the county on 96.1 MHz (Morecambe Bay), with lower-powered relays on 95.2 MHz (Kendal), 104.1 MHz (Whitehaven) and 104.2 MHz (Windermere).
The majority of BBC Radio Cumbria's programming is produced and broadcast from its Carlisle studios from 5am - 1am on weekdays, 6am to midnight on Saturdays and 6am - 3am on Sundays.
BBC Newcastle (formerly BBC Radio Newcastle) is the BBC Local Radio station for Tyne and Wear and surrounding areas, broadcasting from studios (known locally as the 'Pink Palace') on Barrack Road in Newcastle upon Tyne.
This transmitter, one of the first in the country, provides Tyneside and parts of Wearside with national radio frequencies, terrestrial television, BBC National DAB and Digital One.
The 96 MHz frequency from Chatton covers most of the populated areas of east Northumberland and the transmitter has national radio frequencies and television channels.
The Fenham transmitter, for west Newcastle and Gateshead situated close to the studios on Barrack Road, also broadcasts television, national radio, BBC National DAB, Digital One, the MXR North East 12C multiplex, Heart North East on 96.2, Metro Radio on 103 and Capital North East on 105.6.
The Newton transmitter also has television channels, national radio, Heart on 96.4, Metro Radio on 103.2, and Capital North East on 105.8.
Most of BBC Newcastle's programming is produced and broadcast from its Newcastle studios, including off-peak regional programming shared with BBC Tees.
In addition to this, Trident Ploughshares also argues that, since the British government is not actively negotiating nuclear disarmament and is actively considering upgrading the UK Trident programme, it is in violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968.
Trident Ploughshares activists argue that since the British government has not responded to their various communications regarding the legal status of the Trident nuclear missile system, they must take individual responsibility for disarmament.
After being charged with maliciously damaging the vessel, stealing two inflatable life rafts and damaging equipment in an on-board laboratory, they were acquitted at the subsequent trial in Greenock, which was later appealed to the Scottish High Court with the Lord Advocate's Reference 2001.
Although under Scottish Law the High Court did not have the power to overturn the acquittals, their judgement was that the basis of the defence case should not have been admissible.
Mostly paralleling Interstate 25 (I-25) throughout its entire length, it has a total length of , and is maintained by the New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT).
It then goes through the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, as well as the communities of San Antonio, where it intersects U.S. Route 380 (US 380), and Luis Lopez, before ending in Socorro.
The route begins to turn away from I-25 near the Sierra–Socorro county line, and connects to I-25 Exit 100 via a spur.
NM 1 intersects another dirt road, which provides access to San Marcial, and passes through the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, on the way to San Antonio.
State Road 1 generally follows the route of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, which was a colonial trade route between Mexico City and San Juan Pueblo (present day Ohkay Owingeh).
In the initial plans for the U.S. Highway System, the portion of State Road 1 south of Raton was designated as U.S. Route 466 (US 466; not to be confused with the later, signed route of the same number, now decommissioned).
The U.S. Route 85 designation has since been completely deleted from the NMDOT route logs, (although AASHTO retains the US-85 designation, following I-25 and I-10 through New Mexico to maintain continuity between signed segments in Texas and Colorado).
The State Road 1 designation was then resurrected for use on the portion of old US 85 from Truth or Consequences to Socorro.
Serbia is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans.
Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo.
Thanks to its highways (Corridors 10 and 11) and river network (the total length of navigable rivers and channels is 1,395 km), especially Danube river which passes through the country and its capital city Belgrade, Serbia is connected with other important countries such as Turkey, Greece, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Italy and many more.
Darkstone: Evil Reigns (Darkstone in North America) is an action role-playing video game developed by Delphine Software International for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation.
In 2014, the French publisher Anuman Interactive launched a remake available on iPad, iPhone and Android, with the cooperation of the original game's author Paul Cuisset.
The evil Lord Draak, who has the power to transform himself into a dragon, has recovered from earlier defeat and returned with his minions to the world of Uma bringing death and mayhem.
On their way they must locate the seven crystals and use them to recreate the time orb, without which Draak can not be defeated.
There are seven crystals; the purple Crystal of Wisdom, the red Crystal of Virtue, the blue Crystal of Bravery, the yellow Crystal of Nobility, the turquoise Crystal of Compassion, the green Crystal of Integrity and the grey Crystal of Strength.
The artifacts are the Holy Grail, the Royal Diadem, the Shield of Light, the Unicorn's Horn, the Dragon's Scale, the Magic Anvil, the Path Book, the Medallion of Melchior, the Sacred Scroll, the Stone of Souls, the Cursed Sword, the Storm Flower, the Claw of Sargon, the Celestial Harp, the Bard's Music Score and the Broken Vase.
Aggregating review website GameRankings gave the PC version 77.39% and the PlayStation version 65.41%, while the PlayStation version holds a 58/100 rating on Metacritic.
It began as BBC Radio Blackburn on 26 January 1971 on 96.4FM, then adding 854 kHz AM in 1972 and changing to its current name on 4 July 1981.
It broadcasts from studios in Blackburn on 95.5 (Hameldon Hill, Burnley), 103.9 (Winter Hill, Horwich), 104.5 (Lancaster) FM and 855 (Riley Green near the A6061 between Preston and Blackburn, near junction 3 of the M65), 1557 (Oxcliffe Hill, close to the A683 near Lancaster) AM, DAB, Freeview channel 720 and RealPlayer via the website.
The 103.9 FM signal comes high on the Winter Hill transmitter, and its height gives it the greatest coverage over Lancashire.
Winter Hill also carries national radio (including BBC National DAB), TV, Digital One, and the commercial stations Heart North West (formerly 105.4 Real Radio), Rock FM (formerly Red Rose Radio) on 97.4FM and Smooth North West on 100.4FM.
Winter Hill also broadcasts two other local digital multiplexes - MXR North West 12C and CE Digital Manchester 11C (it is a digital transmitter for Radio Manchester).
Beginning on 1 October 2001, the DAB signals have come from the EMAP Digital Central Lancashire 12A multiplex located at Winter Hill and Pendle Forest (near Nelson).
Having maintained Literary Kicks continuously since 1994 (with brief pauses in 2000 and 2004), Levi Asher is now recognized as a pioneer of the online literary scene and one of the earliest proto-bloggers.
As a professional web developer (using the name Marc Eliot Stein), Asher has also built or collaborated on music websites for Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen and Pearl Jam, and has worked for seminal Silicon Alley companies like iVillage and Time Warner's Pathfinder.com.
In 2009 Asher wrote for Literary Kicks a serialized memoir of the Internet industry from 1993 to 2003, focusing on his personal struggles, failures and successes during the crazy years of the dot-com stock bubble (1995 to 2000) and crash (2000 to 2003), as well as his own experience as part of the Internet's growing literary scene.
Asher was born in Flushing, Queens, the third child of Eli Stein, a graphic designer and cartoonist, and Lila Weisberger, a psychologist and poetry therapist.
He grew up in Old Bethpage and Hauppauge, Long Island and attended the State University of New York at Albany, graduating in 1984 with degrees in Philosophy and Computer Science.
He was married to Meg Wise-Lawrence from 1990 to 1999, and they raised three children, Elizabeth (adopted from Meg's first marriage), Daniel, and Abigail.
Before working as a web developer, he worked as a C++ programmer at the JP Morgan bank on Wall Street in New York City.
His first published story, Jeannie Might Know, a satire about his job at JP Morgan, appeared in the early online journal Intertext in 1993.
In 2016 he announced that he is abandoning the use of his pseudonym so that he can utilize both his technology/business background (as Marc Stein) and his literary background (as Levi Asher) on behalf of the new organization Pacifism for the 21st Century.
BBC Radio Merseyside broadcasts from its studios in Hanover St, Liverpool on 95.8 MHz (Allerton Park), 1485 kHz (Wallasey) and DAB.
DAB signals come from the EMAP Digital EMAP Liverpool 11B multiplex] from Billinge Hill (between St Helens and Wigan), Hope Mountain (between Buckley and Wrexham) and Radio City Tower (on top of Radio City's studios).
In late 1981 BBC Radio Merseyside moved from the council-owned offices in Commerce House, Liverpool to a new purpose built studios on Paradise Street, Liverpool.
On 15 July 2006, BBC Radio Merseyside moved from its former home to a new purpose-built studio building on the corner of Hanover Street and College Lane in Liverpool.
It's the third building Radio Merseyside has occupied since it was launched in 1967 from studios on the sixth floor of a council-owned building, Commerce House, in Sir Thomas Street.
In October 2006, the studio building was nominated and made the Building Design shortlist for the inaugural Carbuncle Cup, which was ultimately awarded to Drake Circus Shopping Centre in Plymouth.
Most of BBC Radio Merseyside's programming is produced and broadcast from its Liverpool studios from 5am - 1am on weekdays, 6am - 1am on Saturdays and 5am - 2am on Sundays.
Specialist programming includes Liverpool's only English-Chinese speaking programming Orient Express with June Yee and Billy Hui (Monday's midnight-1am) and Upfront with Ngunan Adamu (Sunday's 8pm-10pm).
It is spoken by the Kristang, a community of people of mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry of the Malay race, chiefly in Malacca (Malaysia).
A small number of speakers also live in other Portuguese Eurasian communities in Kuala Lumpur and Penang in Malaysia, and in diaspora communities in Perth, Canada, the United Kingdom and elsewhere.
The language is currently in steep decline, although efforts to revive it have begun in recent years in both Malacca, at the Portuguese Settlement, and Singapore, under the Kodrah Kristang initiative led by Kevin Martens Wong.
The community of speakers descends mainly from interracial relationships between Portuguese men and local women, as well as a number of migrants from Portuguese India, themselves of mixed Indo-Portuguese ancestry.
Kristang had a substantial influence on Macanese, the creole language spoken in Macau, due to substantial migration from Malacca after its takeover by the Dutch.
Because of its largely Portuguese vocabulary, and perhaps also as a result of migrations and cultural exchange along trade routes, Kristang has much in common with other Portuguese-based creoles, including the near-extinct creoles of Indonesia and East Timor.
This could have been due to Malay influence, or it could be that Kristang preserved the original pronunciation of Old Portuguese.
After several years, the company ran out of money and laid off most of its employees; Bram Cohen went on to create BitTorrent and Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn created Mnet out of MojoNation's source code and contributed later to the Tahoe-LAFS.
EGTP is a general-purpose P2P messaging protocol, comparable in scope to JXTA, but it was released in a working state before Jxta was even announced.
EGTP allows arbitrary protocols to be built on top of it; the MojoNation application was composed of several request-response services (described below) that ran on EGTP.
Mojo was a digital cash currency that aimed to provide attack resistance and load balancing in a fully distributed and incentive-compatible way (see Agoric computing).
Every pair of MojoNation nodes maintained a relative credit balance, with every EGTP request transferring some Mojo credit from the sender to the receiver.
Once the absolute value of the debt between two nodes exceeded the size of a Mojo token, the side with the negative balance would transfer a token to the other, clearing out the debt.
Most users had no idea how to choose prices, so the Mojo layer was rewritten to use a second-price rolling auction.
Each node maintained a queue of incoming requests that had not yet been processed, sorted by a bid field contained in each request.
This shifted the burden of pricing decisions from servers to clients: each user could set a price he was willing to pay for services, and his node would offer that bid in outgoing requests.
This scheme was intended to create a simple feedback loop: if the system is responding slowly, increase your bid and if the system is responding quickly, decrease it.
Publishing a file generated a unique identifier (similar to a Freenet SSK) that was required to download and decrypt the file.
Downloading files is the reverse of the publishing process: a user either sends a query to a content tracker and gets a list of identifiers in response or obtains a file identifier out of band, then asks block servers for the appropriate blocks, and then inverts the IDA and encryption algorithms to recover the original file.
Unlike file sharing systems (which never send any data over the network unless it has been requested), most file publishing systems (with the exception of BitTorrent) have not attracted large numbers of users.
BBC Radio Bristol is the BBC Local Radio service for the English cities of Bath and Bristol and the surrounding area, which includes South Gloucestershire, North Somerset and North East Somerset.
Launched in September 1970, it broadcasts from Broadcasting House in Bristol on FM frequencies 94.9 MHz (Dundry), 104.6 MHz (Bath), 103.6 MHz (Weston-super-Mare), and on DAB.
The Mendip transmitter, near Wells, used to broadcast BBC Radio Bristol on 95.5 MHz over a very large area, but from 3 December 2007, this was transferred to the new BBC Somerset service.
Since the BBC relaunched BBC Somerset on FM, BBC Radio Bristol has been left free to concentrate editorially on Bristol, Bath and the rest of the former Avon area.
On 11 December 2014, BBC Radio Bristol launched on Freeview channel 719, on the PSB 1 multiplex from the Mendip transmitter and its TV relays.
Radio Bristol's main commercial competitors in its broadcast area are Heart West Country on 96.3 and 103 FM, Sam FM and The Breeze on 107.2 and 107.9 MHz.
It also carries off-peak regional programming for the West of England, including early morning and late night shows on weekdays (produced from Radio Bristol and BBC Radio Gloucestershire respectively).
Kate Adie and Michael Buerk produced and presented programmes for BBC Radio Bristol as part of the station's launch team in the 1970s – Buerk's voice was also the very first to be heard on the station.
In November 2008, BBC Radio Bristol presenter Sam Mason was dismissed following an incident in which it was alleged that she had made racist remarks in an off-air phone conversation during a weekday afternoon show.
Whilst phoning a taxi firm in order to send her 14-year-old daughter from Mason's Clifton home to her grandparents' home, she was said to have asked the company not to send an Asian driver.
The Great Escape is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Blur, released on 11 September 1995 on Food and Virgin Records.
With Blur's 1997 self-titled album, the band would change direction and move away from Britpop in favour of a more lo-fi and alternative rock sound.
The album is in the style of a concept album, that is, most of the songs are linked by a similar theme—loneliness and detachment.
The title of the latter was taken from the original advertising slogan of the United Kingdom's multimillion-pound-prize National Lottery, which had drawn much public interest after its inception the previous year, though the lyric itself refers to gambling in only the most oblique ways.
As with Blur's previous two albums, the liner notes also contain guitar chords for each of the songs along with the lyrics.
BBC Radio Gloucestershire is the BBC Local Radio service for the English county of Gloucestershire, which started on 3 October 1988.
It broadcasts from its studios at Portland Court in London Road, Gloucester on DAB, 95 FM (Stroud), 95.8 FM (Cirencester), 104.7 FM (Gloucester, Cheltenham & Tewkesbury), 1413 MW in the Cotswolds & Forest of Dean.
The DAB transmitters are located at Churchdown Hill (for the Severn Vale, including the Cheltenham/Gloucester conurbation), Stockend Wood (for south of Gloucester, parts of Stroud Valleys and shores of River Severn), Icomb Hill, near Bourton-on-the-Water (for the north Cotswolds) and Cirencester (for the south Cotswolds).
Viewers in Gloucestershire who see BBC Points West, BBC Midlands Today or BBC South Today (Oxford) at 1830 (Mon-Fri) receive the station on channel 735.
Smart speakers in the UK may not relay UK only commentaries as these devices source audio from non UK based servers.
The weekday late night programme (2200-0100) for the West of England is broadcast from BBC Radio Gloucestershire as is Sunday afternoon and evening output from 1300 which includes some shows produced by BBC South West stations.
The weekday 0500-0600 early breakfast show originates from BBC Radio Bristol and Saturday evening programmes originate from BBC South West stations and BBC Radio Bristol.
The series comprises eleven novels, as well as five graphic novels, three short stories a supplementary book and a film expected to release in 2020.
They were first published by Puffin in the United States, but have been published more recently by Philomel Books, also an imprint of Penguin Books.
After the death of two billionaires, MI6 discovers a connection: the two men who died both had a son attending Point Blanc, a school for rebellious sons of billionaires located in the French Alps, owned by a scientist named Dr. Hugo Grief.
MI6 sends Alex to investigate Point Blanc and Alex discovers that Grief is replacing the students with clones of himself, altered through plastic surgery to resemble the students, so that Grief can inherit the fortune and have complete power to rule the world.
After foiling a Triad plot to fix the 2001 Wimbledon tennis tournament by knocking out one of their members with a carbon dioxide tank, Alex is in grave danger of assassination.
Forced to leave the country, MI6 sends him on a mission to Cuba with two CIA agents (one of whom believes that he isn't helpful), where he is the only one of the three to survive.
He encounters a former Soviet general, Alexei Sarov, with ideas for a nuclear holocaust and world domination under communist rule and who tries to adopt Alex Rider.
It is up to Alex to discover the connection between the pop star, the video game, and the bombing of his vacation home.
Alex got caught spying and was forced into a real-life version of 'Feathered Serpent' and manages to escape by cheating the way only a real human can unlike an avatar.
He leaves Damian Cray's mansion but not before stealing a vital piece of equipment that Damian needs to make his plan work.
He fails in this mission, but then is turned back onto MI6's side and returns to Scorpia as a double agent.
At the end of the novel, as Alex leaves Liverpool Street following his debriefing by Alan Blunt and Mrs Tulip Jones, he is shot by a sniper hired by Scorpia.
Drevin secretly tries to destroy Washington D.C., the capital of the U.S. and targets the Pentagon, hoping to destroy files on him that the US have acquired.
He learns that Ash was actually working with Scorpia and Major Winston Yu (the main antagonist) and then escapes from the trap.
They go to millionaire Desmond McCain's mansion for a Christmas party, but after Alex offends McCain in a game of poker, their Nissan X-Trail falls into the lagoon.
Alex is recruited by MI6 to investigate McCain, and discovers that McCain will poison a country in Africa, killing its inhabitants and collecting ‘charity money’ that he will collect for personal benefit.
MI6 falls for the trap and Alex is sent to Cairo, where he is dismayed to find that Scorpia has been pulling the strings all along.
Yassen's parents, who were forced to help create it, give him an elixir that will make him immune to the disease.
His first burglary is a complete failure and he is enslaved by the owner of the house in Gorky Park he attempted to burgle, Vladimir Sharkovsky.
He is hesitant to kill, and meets John Rider, Alex's father, a fellow Scorpia recruit, who becomes his friend and mentor.
After being given a glimmer of hope about her survival, Alex is thrust into the horrors of his past in a battle to recover his friend from the dead.
Sony Pictures Television's international and worldwide distribution divisions under Wayne Garvie and Keith Le Goy were attached to the film series.
The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia on 6 February 1987 and her keel was laid down on 19 May 1989.
She was christened April 6, 1991, launched on 23 August 1991 sponsored by Mrs. Nancy Hayes Sununu, and commissioned on 13 March 1993 with Commander Victor Fiebig in command.
The ship and crew completed this period three months ahead of schedule and, after successfully completing sea trials returned to their home port in Virginia.
The boat entered Norfolk Naval Shipyard on 5 February 2010 for modernization, maintenance, and upgrades, expected to cost around $35 million for 640,000-man hours, and included changing the submarine's buoyancy characteristics and upgrading its sonar capabilities.
Icelandic nationalism or or is based upon the idea of resurrection of the Icelandic Free State, and its values (or what was believed to be its values): democracy, freedom of the individual, the need for the country to be independent, and respect for the cultural and religious traditions, specially the long preserved language.
Historically, Icelanders have seen their current republic to be the reincarnation of the old Free State, and thus Icelandic nationalism today is based upon preserving what was gained by the independence movement.
Thus Icelandic nationalist sentiment, having some aspects of civic and ethnic nationalism, is highly respectful of democratic parliamentary powers (see resurrected Althing) and skeptical of foreign control over Iceland, which is partly responsible for there being little will in Iceland for joining the European Union.
Peter Coyote (born Robert Peter Cohon; October 10, 1941) is an American actor, author, director, screenwriter and narrator of films, theatre, television and audiobooks.
Coyote's voice work includes his narration for the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple's iPad Retina Display campaign.
Her father, trained as a rabbi in Russia, escaped being drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, and eventually ran a small candy store in the Bronx.
Kennedy invited the group into the White House, the first time protesters had ever been so recognized, and they met for several hours with McGeorge Bundy.
Once he graduated from Grinnell with a BA in English literature in 1964, he moved to the west coast, despite having been accepted at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and commenced working towards a master's degree in creative writing at San Francisco State University.
This caused him to change his name to Coyote, after meeting Rolling Thunder (John Pope), a self-styled shaman, who believed the experience was spiritually significant.
After a short apprenticeship at the San Francisco Actor's Workshop, he joined the San Francisco Mime Troupe, a radical political street theater whose members were arrested for performing in parks without permits.
From 1967 to 1975, Coyote was a prominent member of the San Francisco Haight-Ashbury counterculture community and a founding member, along with Emmett Grogan, Peter Berg, Judy Goldhaft, Kent Minault, Nina Blasenheim, David Simpson, Jane Lapiner, and Billy Murcott, of the Diggers, an anarchist group known for operating anonymously and without money.
They ran a Free Store, (where not only the goods, but the management roles were free), a Free Medical Clinic, and even a short-lived Free Bank.
The Diggers evolved into a group known as the Free Family, which established chains of communes around the Pacific Northwest and Southwest.
He has also been a friend of Leonard Peltier, a Native American activist and member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) since the 1960s and, along with author Peter Mathiessen, is one of Peltier's two non-native advisers.
Our journeys down the path along with Verlaine and Rimbaud, disordered our senses, senselessly wasted young lives, and often sabotaged what we labored so diligently to construct.
Beginning in 1975, Coyote undertook meditation practice and eventually became a dedicated practitioner of American Zen Buddhism, moving into the San Francisco Zen Center.
In keeping with his dedication to community-based art, Peter Coyote was employed in the early 1970s by the San Francisco Arts Commission in the historical Neighborhood Arts Program (NAP), with funding from the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA, Pub.L.
93–203), a United States federal law enacted by Congress, signed into law by President Richard Nixon in 1973, to train workers and provide them with jobs in the public service.
The San Francisco Arts Commission's Neighborhood Arts/CETA Program was the first in the country to use CETA funds to hire artists to work in service to a city.
From this position, Coyote was appointed by Governor Jerry Brown to be a member of the California Arts Council, the state agency which determines art policy for the state.
During his tenure as chairman, the Council's overhead expenses dropped from 50% to 15%, the lowest in the State, and the Arts Council budget rose from $1 million to $16 million.
Coyote engineered relationships with 14 departments of the State of California, which began to use artists in a variety of capacities, paying 50 cents on the dollar for it.
The policy and the council were an immense success, giving Coyote the confidence (after 12 years in the counterculture) to try his hand at mainstream film-acting.
They are distinctive among the cranes, adults are nearly all snowy white, except for their black primary feathers that are visible in flight and with two breeding populations in the Arctic tundra of western and eastern Russia.
The eastern populations migrate during winter to China while the western population winters in Iran and formerly, in Bharatpur, India .
Their populations, particularly those in the western range, have declined drastically in the 20th century due to hunting along their migration routes and habitat degradation.
The world population was estimated in 2010 at about 3,200 birds, mostly belonging to the eastern population with about 95% of them wintering in the Poyang Lake basin in China, a habitat that may be altered by the Three Gorges Dam.
The Siberian crane lacks the complex tracheal coils found in most other cranes but shares this feature with the wattled crane.
The fore-crown, face and side of head is bare and brick red, the bill is dark and the legs are pinkish.
The breeding area of the Siberian crane formerly extended between the Urals and Ob river south to the Ishim and Tobol rivers and east to the Kolyma region.
The western area in the river basins of the Ob, Konda and Sossva and to the east a much larger population in Yakutia between the Yana and the Alazeya rivers.
Like most cranes, the Siberian crane inhabits shallow marshlands and wetlands and will often forage in deeper water than other cranes.
They show very high site fidelity for both their wintering and breeding areas, making use of the same sites year after year.
They were earlier thought to be predominantly fish eating on the basis of the serrated edge to their bill, but later studies suggest that they take animal prey mainly when the vegetation is covered by snow.
Males often killed their mates and captive breeding was achieved by artificial insemination and the hatching of eggs by other crane species such as the Sandhill and using floodlights to simulate the longer daylengths of the Arctic summer.
This species breeds in two disjunct regions in the arctic tundra of Russia; the western population along the Ob Yakutia and western Siberia.
The eastern population winters on the Yangtze River and Lake Poyang in China, and the western population in Fereydoon Kenar in Iran.
The status of this crane is critical and the world population is estimated to be around 3200–4000, nearly all of them belonging to the eastern breeding population.
The western population has dwindled to 4 in 2002 and was thought to be extirpated but one 1 individual was seen in Iran in 2010.
The wintering site at Poyang in China holds an estimated 98% of the population and is threatened by hydrological changes caused by the Three Gorges Dam and other water development projects.
Historic records from India suggest a wider winter distribution in the past including records from Gujarat, near New Delhi and even as far east as Bihar.
In 1974 as many as 75 birds wintered in Bharatpur and this declined to a single pair in 1992 and the last bird was seen in 2002.
Satellite telemetry was also used to track the migration of the eastern population in the mid-1990s, leading to the discovery of new resting areas along the species' flyway in eastern Russia and China.
This inevitable growth is manifested by the influx of industries, the presence of large educational and health institutions, and the growing number of subdivisions accommodating its growing population.
It was once a part of a vast Recollect Hacienda that supported all the various missionary activities of the Recollects in the Philippines and in Spain.
On April 9, 1864, a council composed of the Archbishop of Manila, the politico military governor of Cavite, the Prior Provincial of the Augustinian Recollect Order and the parish priest of Imus met to discuss the creation of the new town and parish separated from Imus.
For the Spanish missionaries and friars, this process was advantageous not only for evangelization but also for bringing people under the Spanish rule.
The new town could be reached through a good network of roads and bridges built by the best architects and engineers of the Recollect Order.
Governor Dasmariñas, a Knight of Santiago, was a native of Galicia, Spain and a former magistrate of Murcia and Cartagena, Spain who brought a lot of economic improvements during the early days of colonization.
For the first time, a town was created not by a preceding petition of the barrio people and its local officials as required by legal procedures and custom at that time.
For the sake of the people of the growing town and for their own interest, the Recollects sent a petition to Madrid for the creation of a new parish of Dasmariñas, independent from Imus.
The following year, the construction of the stone parish church of Dasmariñas dedicated to the Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Immaculate Conception was started.
Since it was a part of the Recollect Hacienda de Imus, there were many people from different provinces who lived there working as farmhands.
Sometimes, the name of a barrio is taken from its location, as in the case of Barrio Burol which suggests the high location of the barrio.
It is the biggest fruit tree in the Philippines which was reportedly brought from India to Malaysia and found its way to our country.
Barrio Sampaloc owing to the abundance of tamarind trees in the place; barrio Tamban was renamed San Jose and Barrio Lucsuhin became San Agustin.
As soon as the revolution of 1896 broke out, leaders of Perez-Dasmariñas took no time in taking up arms against the Spanish rule.
Don Placido Campos, the gobernadorcillo at the time and Don Francisco Barzaga, the municipal secretary, gathered the people to liberate their town from Spanish control at the beginning of September 1896.
As towns in Cavite fell into the hands of Filipino revolutionaries, the Spanish government in Madrid felt that Governor General Ramon Blanco's offensive against the natives was ineffective.
Thus, a more aggressive person took over the command of the islands, Camilo de Polavieja, with Gen. José de Lachambre as the head of the campaign.
The troop under Col. Arutos who had taken Paliparan, went westward to cut the escape of the Filipinos to Imus and Carmona.
Seeing they were surrounded by fire, some of the rebels went out of hiding but were immediately met by open fire.
The Battle of Pasong Santol was one of the most significant in the Caviteños' desire to keep their province under their control.
While some leaders of Magdalo faction of the Katipunan were busy fighting in Pasong Santol, members of the Magdiwang and Magdalo faction were discussing the form of government and elected its officers in the Tejeros Convention in Rosario, Cavite.
With the church surrounded, the mountain artillery was brought up into position and from a distance of 35 meters, the strong doors of the church were bombarded and the troops went in through the breach.
At the height of the Battle of Perez Dasmarinas, Gen. Flaviano Yengko, Gen. Crispulo Aguinaldo, Lucas Camerino, Arturo Reyes and many more revolutionaries lost their lives fighting for their motherland.
With the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 (ratified Washington on February 6, 1899), the Philippines was ceded to America by Spain.
The American regime brought to Dasmariñas, as it did to other parts of the country, several fundamental changes in the system of government, in language, and in educational system.
The Americans could not land directly at Bacoor because Zapote river was defended by the Filipino revolutionists who built trenches as tactical defenses forming three sides of an angle which made the Filipinos hardly visible.
The American's 14th Infantry Battalion swam across the during the Battle of Zapote River and under the cover of military artillery, charged against the Filipinos who then retreated to the woods.
Moving southward, the Americans encountered more Filipino revolutionists in the town of Bacoor, Imus and Perez-Dasmariñas, a battalion of infantry narrowly escaped annihilation.
News had been brought to the American camp that the Filipino soldiers had evacuated the town and that the native mayor was disposed to surrender it formally to the Americans.
The battalion thus went there to take possession, but before reaching the place, the Filipino revolutionists closed in on all sides, and a heavy firefight went on for hours.
Placido Campos, who sided with General Emilio Aguinaldo since the beginning of the Filipino-American war in 1899, was captured together with his nephew Guillermo Campos.
By order of the Colonel of the American Battalion stationed in Perez-Dasmariñas, the residents of the town nominated a president and a vice-president.
On January 31, 1901, in accordance with President McKinley's instructions that the Filipinos be allowed to manage their own municipal governments, the Second Philippine Commission enacted the Act Number 82, the new Municipal Code, placing each municipal government under the following officials: the municipal president, the vice-president, and the municipal council, who were elected by qualified voters every two years.
Comparing the population prior to the revolution with that of 1948, there has been a decrease in the population of Perez-Dasmariñas.
Besides, the inability of the people to work outside from fear of being suspected by the Constabulary greatly decrease the income of the municipalities to the detriment of the employees and the policemen.
The town of Dasmariñas is a town in the province of Cavite that shed blood and has given up many lives for national independence.
Being remote places and thinking that guerrillas were hiding there, these two barrios were zonified two times giving up several lives.
Gaudencio Geda, Captain Felicisimo Carungcong MD Dental Corps and (Incumbent Municipal Mayor) Captain Clemente Bautista, Captain Antonio Montoya, Captain Felipe Ilano, Captain Arsenio Sico, Captain Emmanuel Dominguez, 1st Lt. Tiburcio Mendoza, Captain Arturo Sayoto Carungcong, 2nd Lt. Leonardo Campos, 2nd Lt. Hermogenes Beltran, 2nd Lt. Teodoro Sapida, 2nd Lt. Pacifico Menez, S/Sgt.
In May 1943, The Imperial Japanese Army have received intelligence reports of the Dasmariñeo guerilla camp of the 4th Infantry regiment in the west side of the town of Dasmariñas, here they positioned 2 long range cannons and fired 30 rounds, damaging rice plantations, crops and killing large amount of cattle, and terrified the town's residence, nevertheless vigilant about the situation the Dasmarineo guerillas made a good escape.
On December 17, 1944 at about 01:00 am and lasted at about 18:00 pm around 1,000 Kempeitai (Japanese Military Police) conducted another zonification in the town proper and adjacent barrios.
January 15, 1945 the day before the FACGF Gen. Castañeda - U.S 11th Airborne Major Jay Vanderpool conference in Neneng Dasmariñas, when local guerrillas ambushed nine Japanese soldiers inside a jitney in Anabu Road Salitran.
Sad to state too, there were those who joined the Bataan Death March, some of whom are already dead and some are still living to tell the tale.
FACGF Division Commander General Mariano Castañeda from their headquarters in Neneng, Dasmariñas issued the command to liberate the town of Dasmariñas to Colonel Estanislao Mangubat-Carungcong (4th Infantry Regiment Cobra Unit).
Dasmariñas has a long list of heroes who sacrificed their lives for their homeland during the turbulent period of the Second World War and the period of liberation.
Dasmariñas served as a catalyst for major economic development and sustained growth for the Metro Manila urban area since the 1990s.
The influx of industries, academia, and real estate developments is significant of in a town outside of a major financial district.
The city also hosts one of the largest universities in Cavite, the De La Salle University-Dasmariñas campus, which serves more than 25, 000 students.
The first attempt was in 1997, when HB08931 was filed by Congressman Renato P. Dragon with other cityhood bills of Imus (HB 08960) and Bacoor (HB 08959).
The idea of converting Dasmariñas into a component city was again proposed for the third time after failure in 1997 and 2000.
5258 converting the municipality of Dasmariñas into a component city was filed by Congressman Elpidio F. Barzaga, Jr. last October 3, 2008.
It is received by the President of the Philippines last October 14, 2009 and signed as Republic Act 9723 last October 15, 2009.
8682 in connection with the November 25, 2009 plebiscite to ratify the conversion of the municipality of Dasmariñas province of Cavite into a component city pursuant to Republic Act 9723 dated October 15, 2009.
9723 was ratified by the registered voters of Dasmariñas through a plebiscite conducted last November 25, 2009, converted the municipality of Dasmariñas in the Province of Cavite into a component city to be known as the City of Dasmariñas.
Then Mayor Jennifer Austria-Barzaga, elected in 2007, is both the first woman mayor and first city mayor of Dasmariñas since its incorporation as a city.
It is celebrated every November 26 to commemorate the incorporation of the city of Dasmariñas with people dancing and parading in the streets in butterfly costumes.
Dasmariñas City is about 8,234 hectares, 12 kilometers south of Metro Manila or the National Capital Region and 27 kilometers south of the center of the City of Manila.
It is bounded by the city of Imus and the municipality of Silang, both in Cavite at the north and south respectively, at the east by the Cities of San Pedro and Biñan by the side of Laguna and Carmona and at the west, it is bounded by General Trias, also in Cavite and a little further from this boundary is Trece Martires City.
The Poblacion which is now divided into four zones is on the westernmost section of the city, Sabang, Salawag and Salitran are to the north and to the south are San Agustin, Langkaan and Sampaloc.
However, it is not too far from the coastal towns of Rosario, Kawit, Bacoor City, Noveleta and Cavite City whose average distance from Poblacion is less than 30 kilometers.
It is about the same distance from Laguna de Bay and about 27 kilometers from the resort city of Tagaytay and the famous Taal Lake.
At present, Dasmariñas is served by corridors traversing the central areas which provide linkages to the Metropolitan Manila area core in the north and the developing nodes of Laguna and Batangas.
Further, it is served by natural drainage system since it is traversed by several rivers and water tributaries draining to the Manila Bay.
Areas with slopes 10.1 to 18% cover about 575.72 hectares of land in portions of Salawag, Salitran, Burol, and other parts.
On the other hand, gently sloping or undulating areas comprise merely 710.4 hectares or 8.62% of the total land area while undulating areas with a slope of 2.6 to 5% account for the biggest percentage of 50.59% of the total land area equivalent to 4, 165.64 hectares of land which are dispersed over the municipality except Sabang and San Jose.
Wet season covers the period from May to December of each year and dry season covers the period from January to April.
In the 1880s, there were 200 quinones of dry and 50 quinones of wet ricelands yielding some 2,300 cavanas of palay, 5,000 piculs of mucavado sugar, 50 cavans of corn and camote, 60 piculs of tao and 25 piculs of peanuts.
Dasmariñas was a highly advanced town where not only textiles from Batangas and Bulacan looms, but also imported European cloth from Manila reached the town elites.
There was a principal public dirt road in Perez-Dasmariñas that went to Silang which was passable to all kinds of vehicle only during dry season, but reachable only by foot and horseback during wet season.
Don Valeriano Campos, an inquilino and a former gobernadorcillo of the town (1879 to 1881) organized one of the brass bands.
He was the highest taxpayer and owned a house made of cogon and wood on Calle Real with an appraised value of P300.
As conflict between the friar-hacenderos, the inquilinos and casamas multiplied more people went into hiding in the deep forest of Perez-Dasmariñas.
The city has 75 barangays, has more than 170 subdivisions and the biggest resettlement area in the Philippines, the Dasmariñas Bagong Bayan (DBB).
Most affluent families from Metro Manila and nearby towns and provinces have chosen Dasmariñas to be their home due to its proximity to the National Capital Region.
The mass exodus of people here in Dasmariñas is also brought about by the industrial boom which brought about more jobs.
The city is the seat of the Vicariates of Immaculate Conception and Our Mother of Perpetual Help under the jurisdiction of Diocese of Imus.
Other prominent religious groups includeChurch of God World Missions, Philippines and the local Church of God Dasmarinas, serve as the National Office of the Church of God based in Cleveland, Tennessee.
Due to its proximity to Metro Manila and being part of the Greater Manila Area, there is also a considerably minor number of speakers of Bicolano, Ilocano, Ilonggo, Cebuano, Pangasinan, Kapampangan and Chavacano.
The newly renovated old church of the Parish of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Dasmariñas Library, Dasmariñas Elementary School and the Immaculate Conception Academy-Science High School are located in the town's plaza.
Near the Poblacion is the De La Salle University-Health Sciences Campus and the DLSU-Medical Center, the 1st ISO Certified Hospital in the Philippines.
Every December 8, the town's Poblacion celebrates the Feast of the Immaculate Conception wherein colorful banderitas, loud marching bands and expectacular display of fireworks are seen and is being visited by many people coming from the different towns in Cavite.
Kasuyan is its first name of this place, during the Spanish period, because of the presence of many cashew trees on the area.
After many years, its name became Luksuhin and on July 18, 1889, it was renamed again by the petition passed by Don Juan Bautista requesting the place be named after San Agustin.
There was a continuous flow of water coming from Bucal to the Poblacion during the Spanish period which they call Simbro.
On April 13, 1889, a petition was passed appealing the sitio, once known Sitio Tamban, to be transformed into a barangay.
The place was renamed on July 18, 1889, and was given the name San Jose in commemoration of their patron saint, St. Joseph.
Some says that such name was given because the early settlers of this place were from Pampanga, Visayas, Tagalog region and some Chinese that served the Spanish friars.
General Emilio Aguinaldo received help from one thousand men and formed a greater force and even the Spanish troops led by General Lechambre didn't penetrate Salitran.
The diversion in the direction of the water flow had vastly made changes in the agriculture during the Spanish period, for there was a rich production of rice corps.
Agriculture is still a source of income in this barangay, though it has diminished due to the development of its agrarian lands into subdivisions and schools for children.
At the back of the Madona Clinic was a Rock with a Spring of Water (Bucal ng Tubig) at the Ylang-Ylang River.
In 2007 the Land Transportation Office Dasmarinas City or LTO Dasmarinas City District Office was established with the sponsorship and pioneering efforts of Mrs. Carmelita Carungcong Canete to better serve the ever-growing population of Dasmarinas City and its increasing pool of motor vehicles.
Even though there are no historical records about its establishment, it is safe to say that it was formed during the Spanish period due to the presence of ruins of old Spanish houses and sugarmills.
Many schools and colleges can be found here such as the Southern Luzon College, International English Center, Asian Trinity School, and many others.
Barangay Langkaan was a part of a vast hacienda during the Spanich period that's why there are numerous water systems for ricefields that can be found here.
The stone-made grinder of indigo still exists until now and it is the mark of the Spanish influence in the place.
The Spaniards are the first ones who planted sugar canes and became the primary source of income during the 18th century.
The families Quillao, Bautista, Sarabusab, Reyes, Remulla, Sango, Laudato, Empeño, Satsatin, Medina, de Lima and others transferred here during those times.
The presence of numerous factories in different industrial estates in this area, such as the First Cavite Industrial Estate, serves as the working place for the workers living in Dasmariñas and other towns of Cavite as well.
This place was a grassy land with no trees growing on its wide space providing an excellent place for flying kites during summer.
During the Spanish period, the Spaniards used to go to this place during weekends to fly kites of different designs and colors.
In 1911, most of the residents here are said to be uneducated because there were only eight persons who can vote.
In June 1943, the Japanese ordered the residents to assemble in front of the school wherein they were not given food and water from morning until evening.
This barangay is sub divided into six sitios which are Nyugan (on the west), Crossing, Paliparan (on the north), Paliparan Ilaya (also on the north), Pook and Burol (on the north-east).
Today, it is considered to be one of the richest barangay in Dasmariñas because of the many factories and industrial estates that are located here.
The first families to live here are the Macalinao, Pacifico, Purificacion and Paras; while the richest families living here are the Acuzar, Panerio and Muncada families.
Today, the barangay boasts of the world-class Orchard Golf and Country Club, the site of the 1995 Johnnie Walker Golf Tournament and a state university, the Technological University of the Philippines – Cavite Campus, established in 1979.
Many subdivisions and villages are also located here, such as Golden City, San Marino City, Avida Santa Catalina Village, Avida Sta Cecilia and Avida Residences Dasmarinas.
First established was Mary Immaculate Parish in NIA Road, built in 2003 under the pastoral care of the Sons of the Holy Mary Immaculate, which is also the home of Salawag's patroness: Maria Inmaculada de Salawag, whose image is reported to be miraculous and was Episcopally Crowned on December 8, 2018 by the Bishop of Imus, Most Rev.
Two townships led by two of the country's largest real estate companies, Ayala Land's Vermosa and Vista Land's Vista City, both include areas under the jurisdiction of Barangay Salawag.
This land was bought by the PHHC or the People Homesite Housing Corporation to the owners at two million and four hundred thousand pesos (P2,400,000) which then became the resettlement area for the less-privileged families living in the depressed areas of Metro Manila.
The families of Eduardo Coronel, Rogelio Tomas, Ruben Alvarez, Manuel Rabang, Aurora Dela Cruz and Diosdado Alto were the first ones to live here.
After a few years, DBB was divided into 30 barangays with a population of 100,000 living in more than 600 hectares of land.
On September 12, 1990, the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council) passed Order 108-90 ordering DBB to be divided into 47 barangays which then was approved by the authority.
Dasmariñas City has been a municipality and later a component city with a mayor-council form of government since its establishment in 1866.
Prior to his term as Mayor which was started in June 30, 2016, he served as the representative of 2nd district of Cavite from 2007 to 2013, and the first representative of the newly formed 4th district of Cavite from 2013 to 2016.
They were elected last May 13, 2019 during the 2019 Philippine national and local elections, which since 2007, all candidates from the Barzaga's group sweep the Municipal/City council.
Except for lack of dates of the terms of the gobernadorcillos (also popularly referred to as captain) during the Spanish regime, the list of town heads of Dasmariñas is complete from its founding to the present.
Prior to being entitled its own representation, the municipality of Dasmariñas was represented in Congress as part of the lone district of Cavite from 1907 to 1972, and as part of Region IV-A in the Interim Batasang Pambansa from 1978 to 1984.
From 1984 to 1986, it was represented at the Batasang Pambansa as part of the at-large district of Cavite, and was part of the second district of Cavite in the restored House of Representatives from 1987 to 2010.
The congressman of the Legislative district of Dasmariñas is the representative of the city in the lower house of the Philippine Congress.
Despite of its own representation in the congress, it still an ordinary component city, meaning its citizens still elect provincial officials.
Both Rex Mangubat and Rudy Lara were re-elected unopposed in May 2013, which Lara is the most higher votes in the entire provincial board, he is also as the Senior board member.
The winning seal underwent minor revisions and for the celebration of the 1st Cityhood Anniversary and the 143rd Feast of the Immaculate Conception, from November 25 – December 8, the new city logo was unveiled on November 26, 2010 in the City Quadrangle.
Numerous commercial establishments, which include major shopping malls, fast foods, groceries, convenient stores, restaurants and other service-oriented businesses, are mostly concentrated in the City Centre and the Central Business District.
It now boasts of three industrial estates, namely: First Cavite Industrial Estate (FCIE) in Barangay Langkaan, Dasmariñas Technopark located in Barangay Paliparan I and NHA Industrial Park in Bagong Bayan.
Aside from these industrial areas, there are 240 other factories/business establishments scattered in the different barangays that sum up to a total of 309 operational industries in the city.
The rapid growth of the city's population near universities, industrial estates and factories provides a ready market for real estate ventures such as subdivisions, apartments and other support services.
Its infrastructure projects involving major road construction and widening support the city in its functional role as one of the residential, commercial, industrial and university centers of Cavite.
To protect its environment, Dasmariñas has adopted its Luntiang (English: Green) Dasmariñas program, which is envisioned to plant 100,000 seedlings planted over the town during the year 2000.
Commerce and trade transactions are intensively undertaken in the identified commercial areas along P. Campos Avenue, Camerino Avenue, Emilio Aguinalo Highway, University Avenue, the Congressional South Avenue and other areas.
Commercial developments along Aguinaldo Highway from Silang to Pala-Pala junction particularly within areas adjacent to the Congressional Avenue shows the nature and extent of commercial activities in Dasmariñas.
The presence of local commercial centers or shopping centers such as the Highway Plaza, CM Plaza and a branch of a Metro Manila-based shopping center, the Walter Mart which houses different local and nationwide known commercial establishments sets the trend of commercial developments in that part of the city.
There are also commercial establishments supportive of or are offshoots of the educational and medical services being rendered by the De La Salle University Medical Center and the Dr. Jose P. Rizal National Medical Research Center.
The old commercial developments within the Poblacion area (Zone I, I-B, II, III and IV) provides for the needs of the old town residents and the subdivision migrants on the Southern portion of the municipality.
Thus, the financial and commercial activity in the Poblacion, the Dasmariñas Central Market, the Highway Plaza, the Dasmariñas Commercial Complex, SM City Dasmariñas, SM Marketmall Dasmariñas, Robinsons Place Dasmariñas, Terraza Dasma, Walter Mart Dasmariñas, Central Mall Dasmariñas, The District – Dasmariñas enhance the commercial center role of Dasmariñas.
and different industries dotting the road from Carmona and Silang boundaries to Gen. Trias as well as those at the Southeastern portion along the Aguinaldo Highway provides employment and livelihood opportunities to the local as well as adjacent municipalities labor force.
Taxes are being paid by these industries help provide for the basic services and amenities needed by the government as well as the constituents of the municipality.
Thirty kilometers from Manila is First Cavite Industrial Estate, a 283 hectare industrial subdivision located at Langkaan provides adequate facilities to light/medium industries.
Its 18 pumps and its 18 elevated storage tanks, having an average capacity of 60,000 gallons each, can very well serve the needs of the occupants.
GMA-NHA Industrial Estate The General Mariano Galvez – NHA Industrial Estate compromises 10 hectares of land in the municipality of Gen. Mariano Alvarez.
Types of industries preferred for this estate are those, which are non-pollutive, labor-intensive, export-oriented, and non-hazardous such as the 6 companies that have located therein.
Vista Land launched Vista Alabang in 2014, a township of 1,500 hectares spanning the area where Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Bacoor and Dasmariñas meet, with the University Town area of the township under the jurisdiction of Dasmariñas.
There are plans to establish a University of the Philippines campus in the University Town area which will focus on technopreneurship.
The presence of Aguinaldo Highway and Governor's Drive makes the city a stop over for those who are travelling to Tagaytay and Batangas from Metro Manila and to Laguna from the towns on the western part of Cavite.
The Museo De La Salle, located within the campus of the De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, is a unique, cultural, cross-disciplinary institution serving as a permanent museum of the De La Salle University System.
As a resource center for both indoor and outdoor collections, it dedicates itself to the gathering of collectible objects of intrinsic value significant to the preservation of certain aspects of the Philippine ilustrado lifestyle.
It vows to assist the member schools of the System in the core areas of teaching, research, community outreach, and administration.
Through active collaboration with other museums in the nation, it promotes the interests of museology and upholds appreciation of the arts and culture.
The scenic zigzag Daño Street offers a great view of the city's fields and becomes a 'tiangge' or a bazaar during the holiday season.
The Promenade Des Dasmariñas is a world-class urban garden park located along the Congressional Road and tributaries of Imus River, and part of the river rehabilitation and beautification efforts of the city government for every Dasmarineños.
Department Heads and rank and file employees compete in a friendly competition where talent, skills and perseverance are displayed in a manner comparable to a high level tournament.
Dasmariñas Private Schools Athletic Association commonly known as DPSAA started as an experimental project in 2001 to select athletes who will represent Private Schools in the Municipal Meet (now City Meet).
The De La Salle University-Dasmarinas (27-Hectares) and De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute which has a College of Medicine & other Health-related Colleges are based in the city.
At the same time, the De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute operates and manages a hospital, the DLSU Medical Center, the 1st ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Certified Hospital in the Philippines.
Other university and college campuses are the Philippine Christian University, the Technological University of the Philippines – Cavite, National College of Science and Technology, Emilio Aguinaldo College Cavite Campus, St. Paul College Island Park and many others.
The number of higher education institutions in the city allows it to serve the tertiary education needs of its population as well as those of the neighboring towns and provinces.
are reached out to the Dasmariñas residents, is the city's official television station and is available thru subscription to DASCA Cable Services.
The city maintains other major thoroughfares, like Carlos Trinidad Avenue, Don Placido Campos Avenue, and others that serves other barangays up to the boundaries with other municipalities.
This extension will be a separate rapid transit line to be known as the Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 6 or LRT-6 which will have three stations in the city with its terminus at Governor's Drive.
Establishment of a Drug Testing Center where municipal employees, public school teachers, barangay officials, and policemen are randomly checked free of charge to ensure that they are fit to provide public service.
Operation Tule in all barangays is being held every summer which had already provided free services to 23,146 residents as of March 15, 2011.
Operation of Animal Bite Center has been established where free vaccination against rabies are given to residents bitten by dogs and cats.
These are the Bureau of Posts, the Bureau of Telecommunications, the RCPI, the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), Digital Telecommunications (DIGITEL), GLOBE Telecom, ISLACOM, etc.
Computer Centers and Internet Cafes, which provides access to the information super highway, are lined along the busy avenues of the city.
All three major telecommunications companies in the Philippines has 4G LTE and voice coverage in the city, including the rural areas.
The International Genealogical Index (IGI) is a database of genealogical records, compiled from several sources, and maintained by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
The IGI contains free genealogical information, submitted from various sources including names and data for vicarious ordinances by Latter-day Saints (LDS) researchers, records obtained from contributors who are not members of the church, and data extracted from microfilmed birth or marriage records.
The index contains millions of records of individuals who lived between 1500 and 1900, primarily in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe.
The IGI contains many duplicate names, accumulated over time from many sources, and no real effort is made to validate the information.
In 2008 The Vatican issued a statement directing its dioceses to block access to parish records from Mormons performing genealogical research.
The Mini Marcos is an automobile produced in limited numbers between 1965 and 1970 by Marcos, from 1974 to 1981 by D & H Fibreglass Techniques Limited and again between 1991 and 1996 by Marcos.
Jem Marsh of Marcos cars separately developed the project into the Mk I Mini Marcos and despite the similarity of the name, had nothing to do with the Mini Jem.
During its life it went through five versions with changes including sliding windows (Mark II), which also had a modified front licence plate holder.
An optional rear hatch appeared with the Mark III and a standard rear hatch and wind-up windows for the Mark IV which also received somewhat longer and taller bodywork.
The Midas succeeded the Mk IV Mini Marcos which at that time was being made by D&H Fibreglass Techniques Limited in Oldham, but the latter marque was subsequently revived by Marcos with the Mark V.
Following the closure of the Marcos company, the Mini Marcos moulds were acquired by Rory McMath of Marcos Heritage Spares who has re-launched the car as the Heritage Mk.
The Mini Marcos was the only British car to finish (in 15th place) in the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans: the drivers were Jean-Louis Marnat and Claude Ballot-Léna.
The 1966 Le Mans car was used for several more races, then sold and finally stolen in Paris in October 1975.
Marcos entered a works car for the 24 Hours race of 1967 but the car fell out after just 13 laps.
All in all only ten were built of the Mark I (with an oval bottomed rear window) and Mark II series (with a square rear window), of which one was sold in Singapore.
Wolf Szmuness (March 12, 1919 – June 6, 1982) was a Polish-born epidemiologist who emigrated to and worked in the United States.
He studied medicine in Italy, but he returned to be with his family around the Nazi German invasion of Poland in 1939.
After release from detention in 1946, Szmuness completed his medical education at the University of Tomsk in Siberia, and earned a degree in epidemiology from the University of Kharkov.
There, he continued his education at the University of Lublin and worked as an epidemiologist in municipal and regional health departments.
Szmuness's colleague Aaron Kellner reports that the Polish authorities granted Szmuness a vacation at a rest home, where he shared a room with a Catholic priest, Karol Wojtyła, and began a longtime correspondence with him.
Through the intervention of Walsh McDermott, a professor of public health at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Szmuness was hired by the New York City Blood Center.
Because doctors from abroad are not usually accredited in the United States, Szmuness began as a laboratory technician, but his skills were quickly recognized, and, within two years, Szmuness headed his own lab.
A separate department of epidemiology at the Center was created for him, and he also became a full professor at the Columbia University School of Public Health.
Szmuness first became interested in the hepatitis B virus when his wife, Maya, was nearly killed by the liver disease caused by the virus, which she contracted through a blood transfusion.
A highly controversial theory suggested that HIV-contaminated Hepatitis B vaccine trials in 1978 were responsible for the original spread of AIDS in the United States by infecting gay men in New York City with HIV.
Evidence as to the presence of HIV in Szmuness's lab, or a mechanism for this introduction have not been offered, and scientific data strongly suggests that HIV instead first came to the United States with Haitian immigrants around 1969, many years prior to trials conducted on the Hepatitis B vaccine.
Under the suggestion of the band's guitarist, Graham Coxon, the band underwent a stylistic change, becoming influenced by American indie rock bands such as Pavement.
Guitarist Graham Coxon, in particular, began to resent his bandmates; James for his playboy lifestyle and Albarn for his control over Blur's musical direction and public image.
In February 1996, when Coxon and James were absent for a lip-synced Blur performance broadcast on Italian television, they were replaced by a cardboard cutout and a roadie, respectively.
Coxon struggled with drinking problems and, in a rejection of the group's former Britpop aesthetic, made a point of listening to noisy American alternative rock bands such as Pavement.
Although he had previously dismissed it, Albarn grew to appreciate Coxon's tastes in lo-fi and underground music, and recognised the need to significantly change Blur's musical direction once again.
After the initial sessions, the band left to record the rest of the album in Reykjavík, Iceland, away from the Britpop scene.
The back cover and inside sleeve by Paul Postle depict sulphur fields in Iceland, where much of the album was recorded.
We'd won Brits, we'd won two consecutive Q magazine Albums of the Year and my initial reaction was it's awkward and difficult.
The station was launched as BBC Wiltshire Sound on 4 April 1989, with its main studios and headquarters in Prospect Place, Swindon.
The station was not initially titled 'BBC Radio Wiltshire' because at that time its competitor GWR owned the copyright of 'Wiltshire' and 'Radio' in whatever combination.
From 1991 to 1994, the station's Programme Editor was Mike Gray, who left to found the successful Kiss 102 and Kiss 105 radio stations in Manchester and Yorkshire.
Amongst Gray's innovations was giving 17-year-old Swindon student Mark Franklin his own programmes, which led to him being spotted and hired as a presenter on Top Of The Pops.
The city of Salisbury was given its own breakfast show for a time, due to its relative isolation in the south of the county.
Along with a number of presenter departures, the changes led to listener protests at the station's headquarters and unflattering headlines in the local newspaper.
The 2000 relaunch gave listeners in Swindon separate programmes from the rest of the county, introduced in response to the rapid growth of the town and its new unitary authority status.
On 11 November 2002, the separation was enhanced when the station was effectively split into two different services: BBC Radio Swindon, covering the town and surrounding areas, and BBC Radio Wiltshire for the rest of the county.
Originally the two stations had their own discrete programmes for most of the day, but by 2007, following a number of schedule changes and presenter departures, only the breakfast shows remained separate.
On 4 April 2009, exactly 20 years after the original launch, the two stations effectively merged again and became a single entity branded as BBC Wiltshire.
This became the umbrella name for the radio station and online service, in common with branding policy across most of the BBC local radio network.
BBC Wiltshire broadcasts from its studios in Swindon on 103.5 (Newton Barrow, near A360, 5 miles north-west of Salisbury), 104.3 (Naish Hill, near A342 4 miles west of Calne which is for west Wiltshire), 104.9 (Marlborough for east Wiltshire) FM;, DAB and via the BBC iPlayer.
Swindon's BBC Wiltshire broadcasts on 103.6FM and its transmitter is located at Blunsdon which is two miles north of Swindon next to the A419 with a terrain height of 450 ft.
The station is also carried on the NOW Wiltshire DAB Digital Radio multiplex and can also be heard live on the station's website.
The northern parts of Somerset – Bath and North East Somerset and North Somerset - are also served by BBC Radio Bristol.
The first BBC service for the county of Somerset was established in 1978, as an emergency measure following storms in the county.
The station proper was launched as BBC Somerset Sound on 11 April 1988, broadcasting on BBC Radio Bristol's former frequency of 1323AM.
In August 2002, BBC Somerset moved to new premises in Park Street, Taunton, and acquired a more robust frequency of 1566AM.
BBC Somerset was for many years an 'opt-out' from Radio Bristol, but in May 2012, the BBC established it as a station in its own right.
In November 2017, BBC Somerset moved from the Park Street premises to a new building on the edge of Taunton in Blackbrook.
In 2007, BBC Somerset took part in an initiative to create the first carbon-zero radio station in the UK known as The Challenge.
Carbon auditors CO2balance analysed at every aspect of the operation - from the mileage of the transport fleet down to what happens to the office tea bags.
On hearing the results the staff voluntarily dipped into their pockets to fund the three main accredited methods of carbon offsetting – tree planting, sustainable projects and carbon trading.
Staff also looked at all areas where pollution is generated to reduce the station's carbon footprint and make it more environmentally friendly.
The station also carries off-peak regional programming for the West of England, including early morning and late night shows on weekdays (produced from Bristol and Swindon respectively), Sunday afternoon output from BBC Radio Gloucestershire and joint programming with BBC South West stations on Saturday evenings and Sunday nights.
This includes TV programmes for BBC Alba, BBC Two Alba, the BBC Radio nan Gàidheal radio station and the BBC Alba website.
BBC Gàidhlig produces a number of programmes for the Gaelic-language television channel, BBC Alba, which is a joint venture between the BBC and MG Alba.
For instance, during the National Mòd in Caithness in 2010, BBC Gaidhlig produced daily programmes to cover the event, which were aired and repeated on BBC Alba, as well as being repeated on BBC Two Scotland.
In July 2008, the BBC Alba website launched an extended news service to tie in with the launch of the digital television channel.
It broadcasts from its studios in both Worcester and Hereford on 104 (Worcester), 104.4 (Redditch) 104.6 (Kidderminster) and 94.7 (Hereford) FM; as well as 738 (Worcester) and 1584 (North Herefordshire) AM, Freeview 720, online plus DAB Digital Radio.
Although the administrative county of Hereford and Worcester was abolished in 1998, the name of the station was not altered to reflect this.
It serves the rural communities across Herefordshire as well as the more populous Worcestershire with a range of programmes from news, sport, consumer, arts, religion, gardening, jazz, funk, northern soul and local music.
The original, and two strongest FM transmitters are on 104 FM (Great Malvern, serving Worcestershire) and 94.7 FM (Ridge Hill, between Ross On Wye and Ledbury near Much Marcle, serving Herefordshire), These signals are not particularly powerful, and have limited coverage outside the two counties, unlike stations such as BBC WM.
An additional FM transmitter on 104.6 has improved coverage in the Kidderminster area & in February 2006, a new transmitter was turned on for Redditch (Headless Cross) on 104.4FM, as reception in the town had been unreliable.
The main AM transmitter on 738 kHz is on the western edge of Worcester and covers most of the two counties.
There is a more recent addition to AM, a small transmitter on 1584 kHz at Woofferton, just south of Ludlow on the A49.
Although they have weaker FM signals compared to other BBC local radio transmitters, the 94.7FM signal can be heard clearly in the north of Bristol and even in Weston-super-Mare, as well as along the M4 from the Severn Bridge to Cardiff.
The station started broadcasting on DAB in 2013 with the new MuxCo Herefordshire and Worcestershire multiplex at the Bromsgrove, Ridge Hill and Malvern transmitter sites.
During off-peak hours, BBC Hereford and Worcester also carries regional programming for the Midlands, produced from sister stations BBC WM and BBC Radio Shropshire.
Bajram Curri (16 January 1862 – 29 March 1925) was an Albanian chieftain, politician and activist who struggled for the independence of Albania, later struggling for Kosovo's incorporation into it following the 1913 Treaty of London.
Most of the sources place year of birth as 1862, while more recent sources based on his recently discovered passport state 1866.
At his birth, the Curri family was led to the Ottoman prison in Krushë e Madhe, Rahovec; his father Shaqir Aga had led a rebellion in Krasniq against the Ottomans due to heavy taxes and military recruitment, and had been interned by them.
Shaqir Aga Curri was a trusted man of Abdullah Pasha Dreni of Gjakova, and apparently had become instrumental in tax-collection procedures and punishing expeditions of Pasha Dreni in the area.
He aided Pasha Dreni during the Attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha, and was killed in the skirmish by the forces of the League of Prizren.
Between 1885-1886, he got into a feud with Riza Bey Gjakova that lasted for a decade and was only ended through an envoy sent by the sultan who conferred upon each man a military command and rank with Curri becoming a captain of the gendarmerie in Pristina.
To govern, Sultan Abdulhamid II used patronage networks by awarding privileges and government positions to co opt local leaders such as Curri into the Ottoman system.
In 1893 he participated in a revolt in Kosovo led by Haxhi Zeka, which was quickly suppressed by the Ottoman army.
In 1906 he became one of the founders of the Gjakovë branch of the Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania (Bashkimi Society) and an influential member.
Like some educated Albanians with nationalist sentiments of the time, Curri supported the unity of Albanians from different religions under the banner of Skanderbeg and was in favour of government reforms that benefited Albanians.
During the Ottoman countercoup of 1909, among the 15,000 volunteers assisting the larger Ottoman army Curri along with Çerçiz Topulli mobilized 8,000 Albanians that put down the revolt in Istanbul.
The repressive activities and broken promises of the Young Turks, however, led Curri to resume militant activities against the Ottoman authorities.
In 1912, due to the deteriorating situation between Albanians and Ottoman authorities, Curri alongside other Albanian leaders were present at a meeting in Junik on 20 May where a besa (pledge) was given to wage war on the Young Turk government.
He had an active role in the Albanian Revolt of 1912, fighting alongside Hasan Prishtina, Isa Boletini, Themistokli Gërmenji and others against the Turks.
On August 18, the moderate faction led by Prishtina managed to convince Curri, and other leaders Idriz Seferi, Riza Bey Gjakova and Isa Boletini of the conservative group to accept the agreement with the Ottomans for Albanian sociopolitical and cultural rights.
During the 1912 uprising, while waiting for an Ottoman response to the demands of the rebels, Curri and other leaders of the rebellion ordered their forces to advance toward Üsküb (modern Skopje) which was captured during August 12-15.
During World War I, he organized a guerrilla unit as part of the Kachak movement through the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo which he was a member.
Within days, however, Zogu assembled his fellow Mati tribesmen and overthrew the government, forcing Prishtina, Curri and others to flee northwards.
The revolt was crushed, 8 March 1922, by the captain Prenk Pervizi, owing to the efforts of the British ambassador to Albania, Harry Eyres, who convinced one of the rebel commanders to surrender.
Two years later, having stayed in the meantime in the mountains in order to evade Zogist forces, he issued the call to arms which began the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution of June 1924 against Zogu.
Lyrically, the album is significantly darker and more innovative than Blur's previous efforts, being heavily inspired by Damon Albarn's breakup with long-term girlfriend, Justine Frischmann, which followed an increasingly strained relationship.
The press and the industry had feared that the change in style would not be taken well with the public, and therefore the album would be commercially unsuccessful as a result.
However their relationship became strained over time, stated reasons including Albarn's desire to have children as well as Frischmann's continued friendship with ex-boyfriend Brett Anderson of Suede, who had shared a musical rivalry with Albarn.
After one last holiday together in Bali in late 1997 in an attempt to rekindle their relationship, the couple finally split.
The album is in the style of a loose concept album, much like other Blur albums, in this case about life and relationships.
The album is named after the band's recording studio as well as the number of tracks on the album (bar the hidden tracks).
The numbers 1 and 3 have been painted so they also form the letter 'B' – revealed on the back cover to be for 'Blur'.
Proposition 65 (formally titled The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986) is a California law passed by direct voter initiative in 1986 by a 63%–37% vote.
Its goals are to protect drinking water sources from toxic substances that cause cancer and birth defects and to reduce or eliminate exposures to those chemicals generally, such as consumer products, by requiring warnings in advance of those exposures.
Proposition 65 regulates substances officially listed by California as causing cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm, in two ways.
The first statutory requirement of Proposition 65 prohibits businesses from knowingly discharging listed substances into drinking water sources, or onto land where the substances can pass into drinking water sources.
The requirements apply to amounts above what would present a 1-in-100,000 risk of cancer assuming lifetime exposure (for carcinogens), or above one-one-thousandth (1/1000) of the no observable effect level (for reproductive toxins).
All substances listed show their known risk factors, a unique CAS chemical classification number, the date they were listed, and, if so, whether they have been delisted.
Proposition 65 has been highly successful in reducing exposures to known toxic chemicals, especially in consumer products, and its successes illustrate gaps in the effectiveness of federal toxics laws (see Accomplishments below).
It remains politically controversial even after more than 30 years (see Controversy and Claimed Abuse below), in large part because business objects to Proposition 65's burden of proof, which in effect requires businesses to know the scientific safety level for specific cancer- and birth defect-causing chemicals that those businesses are intentionally exposing members of the public to, unless government has already set those levels.
The people of California find that hazardous chemicals pose a serious potential threat to their health and well-being, that state government agencies have failed to provide them with adequate protection, and that these failures have been serious enough to lead to investigations by federal agencies of the administration of California's toxic protection programs.
These lawsuits may be brought by the California Attorney General, any district attorney, or certain city attorneys (those in cities with a population exceeding 750,000).
A Proposition 65 Notice of Violation must provide adequate information to allow the recipient to assess the nature of the alleged violation.
A private party may not pursue an enforcement action directly under Proposition 65 if one of the government officials noted above initiates an action within sixty days of the notice.
After 2003, private enforcers must also serve a certificate of merit (statement of expert consultation(s) supporting belief of reasonable and meritorious private action) as a means of preventing frivolous enforcement actions.
A business found to be in violation of Proposition 65 is subject to civil penalties of up to $2,500 per day for each violation.
Businesses can become compliant by learning upfront whether or not their products contain chemicals that match the current Proposition 65 list of 910 chemicals.
Users can do this by searching in a Microsoft Excel chemical list or a website offering the search by chemical name or CAS Number.
Product manufacturers may also learn if a chemical in their products has been removed from the Proposition 65 list, such as saccharin, removed December 2010.
Proposition 65 has caused large numbers of consumer products to be reformulated to remove toxic ingredients, as documented in settlements of enforcement actions.
In the law's first 10 years of operation, emissions of its listed chemicals into the air were reduced much more in California (~85%) than in the rest of the U.S.(~50%), as tracked by the U.S. Toxics Release Inventory.
California's air emissions during the same period of other toxic chemicals, also tracked by TRI but not on the Proposition 65 list, declined by only the national average, strongly indicating that Proposition 65 was the cause of the difference.
The existence of clear numerical standards has significantly assisted efforts to comply with the law, and to enforce it in situations of non-compliance.
Notably, nearly all of the reductions in toxic exposures caused by Proposition 65 have occurred in areas also subject to federal laws and regulations intended to control toxic chemicals, reductions which those federal controls had failed to achieve.
The following warning language is standard on products sold in California if they contain chemicals on the Proposition 65 list and the amount of exposure caused by the product is not within defined safety limits.
WARNING: This product contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
The wording can be changed as necessary, as long as it communicates that the chemical in question is known to the state to cause cancer, or birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Political controversy over the law, including industry attempts to have it preempted by federal law, have died down, although preemption bills continue to be introduced in the U.S. Congress, most recently H.R.
Many Proposition 65 complaints are filed on behalf of straw man plaintiffs by private attorneys, some of whose businesses are built entirely on filing Proposition 65 lawsuits.
There is no penalty for posting an unnecessary warning sign, and to the extent that warnings are vague or overused, they may not communicate much information to the end user.
The law's principal author notes that in practice, businesses have overwhelmingly chosen to reduce or eliminate their toxic exposures, rather than giving warnings about them, due to market forces.
Examples of warning signs can be found at gas stations, hardware suppliers, grocery stores, drug stores, medical facilities, parking garages, hotels, apartment complexes, retail stores, banks, and restaurants, warning about hazardous chemicals in items for sale, or present in the immediate environment.
Utility companies mail a Prop 65 notice to all customers each year to warn them about exposures to natural gas, petroleum products and sandblasting.
Abuse of enforcement lawsuits has also been a consistent theme of Proposition 65 opponents, who criticize the motives of citizen enforcers.
Because the law allows private citizens to sue and collect penalties from any business violating the law, lawyers and law firms have been criticized for using Proposition 65 to force monetary settlements out of California businesses.
In the past the Attorney General's office has cited several instances of settlements where plaintiff attorneys received significant awards without providing for environmental benefit to the people of California, resulting in a requirement that the Attorney General's office must approve any pre-trial Proposition 65 settlement.
In the 2013–14 session of the California State Assembly, a consensus bill, AB 227, introduced by Assemblyman Mike Gatto (D-Los Angeles), effectively offered to protect certain small companies in specified circumstances from the threat of citizen enforcement lawsuits, by providing them with a streamlined compliance procedure and limited penalties.
Since Brown's initial announcement, his office has held meetings with Proposition 65 stakeholders, but has been tight-lipped about what was accomplished by the meetings.
According to California Environmental Protection Agency Secretary Matthew Rodriquez, the Governor's office plans to release a white paper after concluding its stakeholder meetings.
Assembly Bill 1252, introduced by Assemblyman Brian Jones (R-Santee) during the 2015–2016 legislative session, proposed giving small businesses two weeks to fix violations before a lawsuit can be filed.
Over the years, Prop 65 has led to consent agreements for a variety of consumer products, such as bibs, bicycles, products containing brass, cookware, cosmetics, exercise mats, ceramic ware and glassware, clothing, fake leather upholstery, headphone cables, jewelry, lunchboxes, poker chips, luggage, and accessories.
In early 2011, a number of new Prop 65 consent agreements were reported, covering vinyl inflatable structures, vinyl lounge chairs, inspection lights with clamp handles, brass door handles, cadmium in jewelry and a revised judgment for fashion accessories.
For fashion jackets and belts with components that can be handled, touched or mouthed, two tests are necessary for compliance: less than 1.0 μg lead using method NIOSH 9100 and less than 100 ppm lead using EPA 3050B.
More recently, since December 2011 and during the first half of 2012, a further number of consent settlements for Prop 65 have been concluded, enforcing reformulation of a range of additional products by specifying the limits of heavy metals and organic chemicals.
In externally decorated glassware the cadmium and lead content are limited, with lower concentrations permitted for the lip or rim region.
Various specific phthalates are also restricted in varying concentrations in notepads with vinyl coverings, purses, slippers, flip flops with rhinestones and similar plastic footwear, ear buds and headsets, and exercise/fitness mats.
Restriction on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is defined for smoothing solution products, and in this case a specific warning is mandatory in the material safety data sheets if the product releases detectable amounts of formaldehyde.
However, these companies are currently under fire for some of their sellers allegedly not disclosing Prop 65 chemicals that are in their brands.
Proposition 65 requires that the governor revise and republish at least once per year the list of chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.
He later covered events during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the American Civil War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War.
The Crimean medical care, shelter and protection of all ranks by Mary Seacole was also publicised by Russell and by other contemporary journalists, rescuing her from bankruptcy.
This reputation led to Russell's being blacklisted from some circles, including British commander Lord Raglan who advised his officers to refuse to speak with the reporter.
Shocked and outraged, the public's backlash from his reports led the Government to re-evaluate the treatment of troops and led to Florence Nightingale's involvement in revolutionising battlefield treatment.
On 20 September 1854, Russell covered the battle above the Alma River—writing his missive the following day in an account book seized from a Russian corpse.
Following Russell's reports of the appalling conditions suffered by the Allied troops conducting the siege, including an outbreak of cholera, Samuel Morton Peto and his partners built the Grand Crimean Central Railway, which was a major factor leading to the success of the siege.
In 1856 Russell was sent to Moscow to describe the coronation of Tsar Alexander II and in the following year was sent to India where he witnessed the final re-capture of Lucknow (1858).
He published diaries of his time in India, the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War, where he describes the warm welcome given him by English-speaking Prussian generals such as Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal.
He was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) by King Edward VII on 11 August 1902, this order was a dynastic order handed out by the King without government interference.
As a young man he had an affair with a German woman from Heligoland, Anna Catharina Oelrichs, by whom he had one son, William Russell, born 1863.
Russell's dispatches via telegraph from the Crimea remain as his legacy; for the first time he brought the realities of war home to readers.
The station now broadcasts from its studios in Shrewsbury on 96 (for central and north Shropshire), 90 (Church Stretton), 95 (in Ludlow), 104.1 (in Clun) FM and DAB (digital radio).
The 96FM signal from The Wrekin is the strongest, and can be heard from outside the county, especially along the M5 and M6 near Birmingham, as well as into western Staffordshire, southern Cheshire and Wrexham.
The other transmitters (on Black Hill near Clun, on Hazler Hill near Church Stretton, and in Mortimer Forest near Ludlow) have a much weaker signal only heard up to about away at most.
These three transmitters are for broadcasting to the south of the county, which has a hilly terrain that reduces the effectiveness of FM transmissions.
The Wrekin transmitter also broadcasts the commercial station Free Radio on 103.1FM, Digital One, the MXR West Midlands 12A multiplex and BBC National DAB.
During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Shropshire also produces some regional programming for the Midlands and simulcasts other output from BBC WM.
An electronic control unit (ECU) is any embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle.
Types of ECU include engine control module (ECM), Powertrain Control Module (PCM), Transmission Control Module (TCM), Brake Control Module (BCM or EBCM), Central Control Module (CCM), Central Timing Module (CTM), General Electronic Module (GEM), Body Control Module (BCM), Suspension Control Module (SCM), control unit, or control module.
Taken together, these systems are sometimes referred to as the car's computer (technically there is no single computer but multiple ones).
Managing the increasing complexity and number of ECUs in a vehicle has become a key challenge for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
Recently the trend is to dedicate a significant amount of time and effort to develop safe modules by following standards like ISO 26262.
As part of the development cycle, manufacturers perform detailed FMEAs and other failure analyses to catch failure modes that can lead to unsafe conditions or driver annoyance.
Extensive testing and validation activities are carried out as part of the Production part approval process to gain confidence of the hardware and software.
On-board diagnostics or OBD help provide specific data related to which system or component failed or caused a failure during run time and help perform repairs.
This in effect makes modifying the ECU by circumventing the protection illegal except if done under an exception to the DMCA.
He is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for the band Good Charlotte, as well as pop rock collaboration The Madden Brothers.
He has appeared as a back-up vocalist for artists such as MxPx, Kill Hannah, Apoptygma Berzerk, Mest, The 69 Eyes, Sean Kingston, Three 6 Mafia, Chamillionaire, and Matisyahu.
As of September 2009 Madden has guest played in the band Taintstick, led by radio talk show host, professional MMA fighter, and pro skateboarder, Jason Ellis.
On April 3, 2010, Madden took part in a boxing match against MTV and VH1 host Riki Rachtman at Ellismania 5: Get These Brawls.
In mid-2014, both of the Madden brothers appeared as coaches on The Voice Kids Australia in a double chair, after the example of the Dutch The Voice of Holland and The Voice Kids (Netherlands season 1) edition in which the singer's duo Nick & Simon appeared as a judging duo between 2010 and 2015.
In early 2015, Benji joined Joel as a coach on the main edition of The Voice, bringing the number of coaches up to five.
In 2015 Madden and his two brothers formally started their company MDDN, of which Benji is CEO, offering artist management, artist development and creative services.
The company gained success quickly with the brothers taking management of Jessie J, Sleeping with Sirens, Hollywood Undead, Waterparks, Antiflag, Chase Atlantic, K Camp, Architects and more.
The two were unofficially engaged before Christmas Day in 2014 and were married on January 5, 2015, in a Jewish ceremony, at their Beverly Hills home.
He owns a Bengal cat named Danzig and has a collection of both new and old cars, including a Porsche 911, 1964 Chevrolet Impala, Lamborghinis, Audi R8, Jeep Grand Cherokee, and a 1963 Ford Galaxie.
Joel Rueben Madden (né Combs; March 11, 1979) is the lead vocalist for the American pop punk band Good Charlotte, as well as a record producer, actor, DJ, and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador.
He also has an older brother named Josh Madden who also works in the music industry, and a younger sister named Sarah Madden.
The band was short-lived and the Maddens eventually recruited fellow high schoolers Paul Thomas, Aaron Escolopio, and Billy Martin to form their current band Good Charlotte.
They took the name Good Charlotte from the children's book, Good Charlotte: Girls of the Good Day Orphanage, by Carol Beach York.
The charity will create and promote an online registry to inspire the purchases of items for moms and their families in need.
Joel continued on as a coach in seasons two and three with Benji joining Joel as a coach on season 4 in 2015.
In 2013, he also provided songwriting and production assistance to the Australian band 5 Seconds of Summer on their first album.
In 2013, Joel won the Logie Award for Most Popular New Male Talent for his role as coach on the program.
They have two children: daughter Harlow Winter Kate Madden (born January 11, 2008) and son Sparrow James Midnight Madden (born September 9, 2009).
A sock hop or sox hop, often also called a record hop or just a hop, was an informal sponsored dance event for teenagers in mid-20th-century North America, featuring popular music.
Sock hops were held as early as 1944 by the American Junior Red Cross to raise funds during World War II.
The term came about because dancers were required to remove their hard-soled shoes to protect the varnished floor of the gymnasium.
In subsequent decades, with the widespread popularity of sneakers and other types of indoors-only shoes, the practice of removing shoes was dropped.
The term caught on in England in the late 1980s during a British rockabilly revival, led by groups like The Stray Cats.
He is currently a color commentator for the Detroit Tigers on Fox Sports Detroit and a special assistant for the Tigers.
He spent most of his career with the Detroit Tigers but also played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Kansas City Royals, and Pittsburgh Pirates.
During his career, he hit two dramatic home runs in the World Series, off of two eventual Hall of Fame relief pitchers.
With the Tigers, he clinched the 1984 World Series with a three-run homer off Goose Gossage, who had refused to walk him with a base open.
In Game 1 of the 1988 World Series, Gibson faced closer Dennis Eckersley and hit a pinch-hit walk-off home run—often described as one of the most exciting moments in World Series history.
Following his retirement as a player, he spent five seasons as a television analyst in Detroit and then became a coach for the Tigers in 2003.
He became the Diamondbacks' bench coach in 2007 and was promoted to interim manager in 2010 following the mid-season dismissal of A. J. Hinch.
Gibson was born in Pontiac, Michigan on May 28, 1957, grew up in Waterford, Michigan (attending Waterford Kettering High School), and attended Michigan State University where he was an All-American wide receiver in football.
Gibson's college football career was distinguished by leading the Spartans to a tie for the Big Ten title, setting school and conference receiving records, starring in the Hula Bowl and Senior Bowl, and making several All-America teams.
Gibson played only one year of college baseball, but managed to hit .390 with 16 homers and 52 RBIs in 48 games.
He was drafted by both the Detroit Tigers baseball team (1st round) and the St. Louis Cardinals (now the Arizona Cardinals) football team (7th round).
He became a free agent after the 1985 season but received no significant offers because of what was later determined to be collusion among the owners of MLB teams.
He re-signed with the Tigers and in 1987, helped them to win the American League East by one game over the Blue Jays in an enthralling divisional race.
Nevertheless, Gibson was considered a versatile power/speed player in the 1980s who was able to hit home runs as well as steal bases.
He finished in the top 10 in home runs 3 times in his career and ranked in the top 10 in stolen bases 4 times.
In the eighth inning of Game 5 of the 1984 World Series between the Tigers and Padres, he faced Goose Gossage, one of the game's premier relievers, with Detroit up 5–4 and runners on second and third with one out.
An intentional (or at least semi-intentional) walk seemed to be in order, especially because Gibson had already homered earlier in the game.
Indeed, Gossage had struck out Gibson in his very first Major League at-bat in 1979 on 3 pitches, and Kirk had only managed one bunt-single against Gossage in 10 previous plate appearances.
If the Padres could hold the Tigers and score a couple runs in the ninth, they would force the Series back to San Diego and maybe turn the tide.
Gibson got the message and launched Gossage's 1–0 fastball deep into Tiger Stadium's right field upper deck for a three-run homer, icing the game and the Series for the Tigers.
In the ESPN interview with Gossage and Williams that aired after the 2008 Hall of Fame inductions, Williams took responsibility for the situation, as he allowed Gossage to talk him into pitching to Gibson.
In 1988, an arbitrator ruled that baseball team owners had colluded against the players in an effort to stem free agency.
Gibson joined the Dodgers in 1988, and immediately brought a winning attitude after a publicized blow-up when pitcher Jesse Orosco put shoe black in his cap during a spring training prank.
While he didn't lead the league in any major category, the intensity and leadership he brought to an increasingly successful team likely won him the award over players with more impressive statistics.
In the 1988 National League Championship Series against the New York Mets, Gibson made an improbable catch in left field at a rain-soaked Shea Stadium in Game 3.
Racing back, he slipped on the wet grass and, while on his way down with his knees on the ground and the rest of his body suspended, reached out and made a full extension catch to save a potential Mookie Wilson double; however, the Dodgers lost the game 8–4.
Nonetheless, his LCS heroics served as but a prelude to the career-defining moment that awaited him in the subsequent World Series.
Gibson is perhaps best known for his one and only plate appearance in the 1988 World Series against the Oakland Athletics.
In Game 1, however, with the Dodgers trailing by a score of 4–3, Mike Davis on first base, and two out in the ninth inning, manager Tommy Lasorda unexpectedly inserted his hobbled league MVP as a pinch hitter.
Gibson, limping back and forth between a pulled left hamstring and a swollen right knee, made his way to the plate to face Oakland's future Hall of Fame closer Dennis Eckersley.
With an awkward, almost casual swing, Gibson used pure upper-body strength—and according to Gibson, advanced scouting-based knowledge of what the pitcher would likely throw with that count—to smack a 3–2 backdoor slider over the right-field fence.
In 1991, Gibson signed as a free agent with the Kansas City Royals, and then in 1992 he was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Neal Heaton.
A month later, Gibson got an offer to return to Detroit—not with the Tigers, but to play football again, with the Arena Football League's Detroit Drive; he declined the offer.
He spent the final three years of his career (1993–1995) back with the Tigers, including a renaissance season in 1994 when he hit 23 home runs before the strike ended the season.
On February 10, 2015, it was announced that Gibson would return as a color commentator for the Detroit Tigers on Fox Sports Detroit, along with former teammate Jack Morris.
He served in that position until the midway point of the 2005 season when he was moved from bench coach to hitting coach, swapping positions with Bruce Fields.
On July 1, 2010, the Arizona Diamondbacks fired A. J. Hinch as manager and promoted Gibson from his position as bench coach to interim manager.
West title since 2007, when most sports writers expected them to be in last place for the third time in a row.
Gibson married JoAnn Sklarski on December 22, 1985, in a double ceremony where Tiger pitcher Dave Rozema married JoAnn's sister Sandy.
Gibson's son Cam was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the 5th round, 160th overall, in the 2015 Major League Baseball draft.
Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror () is a 2004 award-winning book by former U.S. chief counter-terrorism advisor Richard A. Clarke, criticizing past and present presidential administrations for the way they handled the War on Terrorism.
The book focused much of its criticism on President George W. Bush, charging that he failed to take sufficient action to protect the country in the elevated-threat period before the September 11 attacks and for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which Clarke feels greatly hampered the War on Terrorism.
Clarke also says that on September 12, 2001, President Bush asked him to try to find evidence that Saddam Hussein was connected to the terrorist attacks.
In response he wrote a report stating there was absolutely no evidence of Iraqi involvement and got it signed by all relevant agencies (the FBI, the CIA, etc.).
Clarke also recalls a meeting where then Defense Deputy Secretary Paul Wolfowitz expressed doubt that Osama bin Laden could have carried out the attacks on September 11 without state sponsorship.
Clarke writes that Wolfowitz attempted to connect Saddam Hussein to the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993 — a theory based on the writings of Laurie Mylroie that, according to Clarke, has been exhaustively investigated and disproven.
For years, bin Laden had been producing propaganda saying that the US wants to invade and occupy an oil-rich middle eastern country, which was essentially validated by the US invasion of Iraq.
As a result, says Clarke, it's not surprising that Al-Qaeda and its offshoots are having much greater success recruiting new members.
Furthermore, he feels the war has taken resources from the more important fight: stopping Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and around the world.
But since his plan was not followed, and bin Laden was essentially ignored as the United States and allies invaded Iraq, Al-Qaeda has grown in strength and number, and is now going to be difficult to stop.
Clarke has been backed up by testimony of former Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill, the National Security Council's Flynt Leverett, and Clarke's deputy, Roger Cressey.
Clarke also described many of these events in his almost 20 hours of testimony under oath before the 9/11 Commission, a portion in its public hearings.
Clarke pointed out that his book had been finished since the previous year; it was only released at that time because the White House took months to review it for classified information.
Clarke responded by swearing under oath that he did not want another job in the government and would not accept one.
Clarke explained that he was a long-time friend of Beers, who had also worked extensively in the government on counterterrorism for Bush and other administrations, and would not give up his friendship simply because his friend had a new job.
Another major criticism of Clarke was that he had been more supportive of the Bush administration when he worked there as a special advisor to the President.
Fox News Channel released a transcript from an August 2002 briefing that Clarke gave to reporters while he was still working for the White House, as background (meaning not for attribution).
I mean, what you're suggesting, perhaps, is that as special assistant to the president of the United States when asked to give a press backgrounder I should spend my time in that press backgrounder criticizing him.
The White House initially claimed that Bush never set foot in the Situation Room on September 12, and so could not have told Clarke to find evidence of Iraq's involvement.
But after additional witnesses confirmed the story and critics pointed out that it was rather embarrassing for the President to have never entered the Situation Room on such an important day, the White House retracted this claim.
Rumsfeld has publicly stated he was not at the September 4, 2001 meeting, and Defense Department officials have stated he was not in attendance.
The Battle of Kapyong (, 22–25 April 1951), also known as the Battle of Jiaping (), was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Australian, Canadian and New Zealand—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA).
The fighting occurred during the Chinese Spring Offensive and saw the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade establish blocking positions in the Kapyong Valley, on a key route south to the capital, Seoul.
The two forward battalions—3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) and 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2 PPCLI)—supported by an artillery battery from the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery, occupied positions astride the valley and hastily developed defences.
As thousands of soldiers from the Republic of Korea Army (ROK) began to withdraw through the valley, the PVA infiltrated the brigade position under the cover of darkness, and assaulted the Australians on Hill 504 during the evening and into the following day.
Although heavily outnumbered, the 27th Brigade held their positions into the afternoon before the Australians were finally withdrawn to positions in the rear of the brigade, with both sides having suffered heavy casualties.
The PVA then turned their attention to the Canadians on Hill 677, but during a fierce night battle they were unable to dislodge them.
The fighting helped blunt the PVA offensive and the actions of the Australians and Canadians at Kapyong were important in assisting to prevent a breakthrough on the UN central front, and ultimately the capture of Seoul.
Today, the battle is regarded as one of the most famous actions fought by the Australian and Canadian armies in Korea.
The UN counter offensive between February and April 1951 had been largely successful, with the US Eighth Army pushing the PVA north of the Han River during Operation Killer, while Seoul was recaptured in mid-March during Operation Ripper and UN forces once again approached the 38th Parallel.
Regardless, the strained relationship between UN commander, General Douglas MacArthur and US President Harry S. Truman led to MacArthur's dismissal as Commander-in-Chief, and his replacement by General Matthew B. Ridgway.
Consequently, on 14 April 1951, General James Van Fleet replaced Ridgway as commander of the US Eighth Army and the UN forces in Korea.
Following the Battle of Maehwa-San the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade had enjoyed a period in US IX Corps reserve as the UN forces had continued to push steadily northwards.
By April 1951, the brigade consisted of four infantry battalions, one Australian, one Canadian and two British, including: the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment; 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry; 1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment and 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Brigadier Basil Coad had departed for Hong Kong on compassionate leave on 23 March and the brigade was now under the command of Brigadier Brian Burke.
Deployed in the central sector, the brigade was part of US IX Corps which also included the US 24th Infantry Division, ROK 2nd Infantry Division, US 7th Infantry Division and the ROK 6th Infantry Division, under the overall command of Major General William M. Hoge.
The brigade was then released, advancing with IX Corps up the deep and narrow valley of the Kapyong River, to the east.
From 3 April, the 27th Brigade moved further up the river, advancing over the next twelve days as part of Operation Rugged.
Although the valley was not held in strength by the PVA, it was skilfully defended by small groups of infantry dug-in on the hilltops that overlooked it.
The Middlesex were repulsed during repeated attempts to capture Sardine on 14 April, before the task was allocated to 3 RAR.
A Company, 3 RAR subsequently captured the crest, killing 10 PVA and wounding another 20 for the loss of eight Australians wounded.
Facing a spirited PVA delaying action on successive positions, the Canadians did not capture their final objective—the 'Trout' feature (Hill 826)—until the following morning.
Burke subsequently ordered his battalions into reserve positions north of the previously destroyed village of Kapyong, on the main road from Seoul to the east coast.
Intelligence indicated that a new PVA offensive was imminent, and while the brigade settled in to rest it remained on three hours' notice to move to support IX Corps.
Having been on operations continuously for the past seven months, the British intended to relieve the bulk of the brigade during its period in reserve.
The two British battalions—the Argylls and the Middlesex—would be replaced by two fresh battalions from Hong Kong, while Burke and the headquarters of 27th Brigade would be replaced by Brigadier George Taylor and the headquarters of 28th Brigade in late April.
The Canadians were scheduled to transfer to the newly raised 25th Canadian Brigade in May as part of Canada's increased commitment to the war.
Advance parties from Brigade Headquarters and the Argylls departed for Seoul en route for Hong Kong on 19 April, while the remaining British battalions were scheduled to depart two weeks later.
3 RAR would not be rotated and remained a part of the brigade for the entire war, operating on an individual reinforcement system instead.
Meanwhile, planning began for Operation Dauntless, a drive into the Iron Triangle—a key PVA/KPA concentration area and communications junction in the central sector between Chorwon and Kumwha in the south and Pyonggang in the north.
Contingency planning also included precautions against a further PVA offensive, in which the US Eighth Army would conduct a delaying defence on successive positions.
Fate would intervene, however, and Van Fleet launched his offensive on 21 April only to be met by a much stronger PVA/KPA offensive the following night.
The Chinese Spring Offensive—also known as the Chinese Fifth Phase Campaign, First Impulse—envisioned the total destruction of US I and IX Corps above the Han River, involving three PVA Army Groups—the 3rd, 9th and 19th Army Groups—and three KPA Corps—the I, III and V Corps—under the overall command of Peng Dehuai.
As part of the preparation, the battle hardened 39th and 40th Armies of the 13th Army Group were transferred to the 9th Army Group under the overall command of Song Shi-Lun, and Commander Wen Yuchen of the 40th Army was given the mission of destroying the ROK 6th Division while blocking any UN reinforcements towards the Imjin River at Kapyong.
Facing the offensive were 418,000 UN troops, including 152,000 ROK, 245,000 Americans, 11,500 British Commonwealth and 10,000 troops from other UN countries.
However, with the US Eighth Army not strong enough to prevent large penetrations along its line, masses of PVA infantry soon swept around its flanks, surrounding entire formations in an attempt to cut off their withdrawal.
Standing directly in the path of the main PVA attack towards Seoul in the I Corps sector was the 29th British Brigade.
The brigade's stand on the Imjin River held off two PVA divisions for two days and ultimately helped prevent the capture of Seoul, but resulted in heavy casualties in one of the bloodiest British engagements of the war.
During the fighting, most of the 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment were killed or captured during a stubborn resistance at the Battle of the Imjin River that saw the commanding officer—Lieutenant Colonel James Carne—awarded the Victoria Cross after his battalion was surrounded.
Meanwhile, further east, in the IX Corps sector, the PVA 118th Division, 40th Army and the 60th Division, 20th Army prepared to attack the ROK 6th Division on the night of 22 April.
However, anticipating a PVA attack, the divisional commander—General Chang Do Yong—had halted his advance at 16:00 and ordered his two forward regiments—the 19th and the 2nd Infantry Regiments—to tie-in and develop defensive positions.
Suffering a reputation for unreliability in defence the ROK had been bolstered by the attachment of the New Zealand guns and a battery of M101 howitzers from the US 213th Field Artillery Battalion.
Regardless, left with only one hour to halt its advance and step up defences, the forward ROK units were only able to occupy a series of hill-top positions while leaving the valleys and flanks exposed.
Two PVA divisions—the 118th and the 60th Division—struck at 17:00, easily infiltrating through numerous gaps between the badly organised defensive positions.
Abandoning their weapons, equipment and vehicles, they disintegrated and began to stream south out of the mountains and through the valley, and by 23:00 Chang was forced to admit that he had lost all communication with his units.
At 04:00 the decision was made to withdraw the New Zealanders to prevent their loss; however, following reports that the ROK were making a stand they were ordered back up the valley the next morning with the Middlesex accompanying them as protection.
Meanwhile, the US 1st Marine Division was holding firm against the PVA 39th Army to the east, and the withdrawal of the ROK had left their flank exposed.
However, with the PVA 39th and 40th Armies only tasked with protecting the eastern flank of the 9th Army Group against possible counterattacks from the 1st Marine Division, the PVA did not exploit this opportunity and the Americans remained relatively unmolested.
Hoge subsequently ordered the US Marines to form a new defensive position beyond the Pukhan River, between the Hwachon Reservoir and the new position to be occupied by the ROK 6th Division.
Hoge's plan relied on the ROK reforming and offering some resistance, and although a rearguard of 2,500 men was belatedly established it was in no condition to fight.
Fearing a breakthrough, Hoge ordered the 27th Brigade, as the corps' reserve, to establish defensive positions north of Kapyong on the afternoon of 23 April as a precaution in the event the ROK were unable to hold, tasking them with blocking the two approaches to the village and to prevent the PVA from cutting Route 17, a key route south to Seoul and an important main supply route.
The brigade was by now reduced to three battalions, as the Argylls had been withdrawn to Pusan just prior to the battle, in preparation for their embarkation.
As such, with the width of the valley precluding the establishment of continuous linear defensive, Burke was forced to place his two available battalions on the high points on either side of it, with 3 RAR occupying Hill 504 to the east of the river and 2 PPCLI occupying Hill 677 to the west.
Regardless, the brigade position suffered from a number of deficiencies, being exposed without flank protection, while the central sector was not occupied because the Middlesex were away to the north with the guns.
Likewise, until the return of the New Zealanders the brigade would have little artillery support; as such if large PVA forces arrived before these two units returned the forward companies would be without support and would have to accept the probability that they would be cut-off.
Each of the battalions were deployed across the summits and slopes in separate company-sized defensive positions, creating a series of strong-points across a front.
Due to the large amount of ground to be defended each of the companies were spread widely, and were unable to offer mutual support.
With the New Zealand gunners still forward supporting the ROK, US IX Corps placed a battery of howitzers from the US 213th Field Artillery Battalion and the twelve M2 mortars of B Company, 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion, under the command of 27th Brigade.
The Canadians subsequently occupied Hill 677 and began digging-in, deploying their six Vickers machine guns in sections to add depth, and using defensive fire tasks to cover the gaps in their positions.
Meanwhile, the Australians occupied Hill 504, with D Company holding the summit itself, A Company the spur-line which ran down to the north-west, and B Company the small hill by the river, while C Company was in reserve on the rear spur.
In response to US IX Corps' requirements Burke directed Ferguson to site his headquarters in the low ground of the valley in the vicinity of the hamlet of Chuktun-ni, so as to control the withdrawing ROK.
However, this would limit Ferguson's situational awareness and his ability to control the battle, while also leaving them exposed to infiltration.
In only a few hours the Australians managed to prepare hasty defensive positions, although defensive fire tasks were unable to be registered as the artillery Forward Observers were unable to reach the company positions until after dark.
One platoon of five tanks occupied a northern outpost position forward of B Company to prevent the PVA using the road; another platoon occupied the high ground to the west, with B Company; while the final platoon and Koch's command tank was deployed near Battalion Headquarters, covering a ford by which the road crossed the Kapyong River, approximately south of B Company.
The command relationship between the Australians and their armoured support was also complicated, as the Americans were not under command as they might normally have been, rather Koch was free to conduct his own battle.
Regardless, armed with a cannon and one .50 caliber and two 30 caliber machine guns, the M4 Sherman tanks were formidable assets and bolstered the defence considerably.
In contrast, the PVA had no tanks at Kapyong, while their infantry had only a few anti-tank rockets with which to counter them.
By 20:00 that evening a large number of ROK were retreating in disarray through a gap in the line held by the brigade, the majority of them moving through the Australians.
The ROK 6th Division later regrouped in positions behind 27th Brigade, but was now reduced to less than half its original strength.
Meanwhile, as the 20th Army veered to the west as part of the PVA main effort against Seoul, the PVA 118th Division continued its secondary advance down the Kapyong Valley, closely pursuing the retreating ROK.
Intent on capturing the important crossroads of Route 17 south of Kapyong, and most likely unaware of the location of the Australian blocking position, the PVA vanguard remained in the low ground, splitting as they approached a long, low north-south running ridge that rose like an island in the mouth of the valley.
Having successfully prevented the US 1st Marine Division from reinforcing the Imjin River front, the PVA 40th Army turned its attention towards the 27th Brigade on 23 April.
The battle started during the night of 23/24 April, and continued until late the following day as the entire PVA 118th Division, totalling perhaps 10,000 men under the command of Deng Yue—engaged the two forward battalions of 27th Brigade.
The initial PVA attack at Kapyong engaged 3 RAR on Hill 504, while in the early part of the battle the Middlesex and New Zealand gunners were all but cut off.
However, the resistance of the Australians ultimately allowed them to safely withdraw and the Middlesex then moved into a reserve position astride the western bank of the river in order to provide depth to the brigade defence.
The two battalions of the PVA 354th Regiment launched repeated attacks on the two forward Australian companies on the north-west spur of Hill 504.
Assault after assault of massed PVA troops kept up the attack throughout the night, but the strong defence of the Australians on the brigade's right flank held them back, before they turned their attention to the Canadians the following day.
Using the retreating ROK troops to cover their movements, the PVA had infiltrated the brigade position in the initial stages of the battle, penetrating between A and B Companies, 3 RAR astride the road, and largely surrounding the latter before moving into the rear positions.
The Australians struggled to distinguish the PVA from the ROK in the dark, although the Korean Service Corps porters attached to the battalion were able to provide valuable assistance to the defenders distinguishing the PVA by the sounds of their voices.
At 21:30 the PVA launched their first attack on the forward platoon of American tanks, which had been posted on the road without infantry support.
The initial moves were easily repelled; however, a stronger attack an hour later forced the tanks to withdraw after two of the tank commanders were killed, including the platoon commander.
The PVA then proceeded to assault the Australians on two different axes: one against the two forward companies in front of Hill 504, and the other through the valley astride the road around Battalion Headquarters.
Finally, by 23:00 the New Zealand artillery had returned to the brigade, although they provided only limited support throughout the rest of the night.
Utilising indirect fires, the PVA charged forward in waves, only to be beaten back by the Australians' Bren light machine guns, Owen submachine guns, rifle fire, and grenades, before again regrouping and attacking again.
B Company—under the command of Captain Darcy Laughlin—supported by tanks, drove off each assault, inflicting heavy casualties while emerging almost unscathed.
Laughlin's command post was fired upon by a number of PVA that had infiltrated the company position, but they were swiftly driven out.
An outpost on the northern knoll reported PVA massing on their flanks at 23:00, and although heavy artillery was directed against the attackers, the section was forced to break contact and withdraw to the main defensive position.
The main PVA assault began at 00:50, falling on 4 Platoon but was broken up after an hour of heavy fighting.
With determination the PVA swept forward, penetrating the Australian perimeter before being ejected by an equally determined counter-attack by 6 Platoon with Sherman tanks in support.
Held by just four men under the command of Lance Corporal Ray Parry, the Australians fought off four separate attacks, killing more than 25 and wounding many more over the space of twenty minutes.
A final assault on B Company was made just at dawn at 04:45 by about 70 PVA, and was again repulsed.
The first probes began at 21:30, targeting 1 Platoon which was the lowest of the three platoons on the west flank.
Fighting back with small arms fire, they held against repeated assaults, which increased in frequency and strength as the PVA assaulted over heaps of their own dead and wounded.
By 01:00 O'Dowd ordered the survivors of 1 Platoon to withdraw through Company Headquarters into a new position in between 2 and 3 Platoons.
The PVA attacks then continued against 3 Platoon, lasting until 04:30, although they were not made with the same weight as the previous assaults.
By dawn it was clear that the PVA had succeeded in penetrating the perimeter through a gap between the Australian platoons, and they began to engage them with machine guns from a defilade position covered from fire by a steep dip in the ridgeline, and concealed by thick scrub.
In the growing light, 1 and 3 Platoon were soon pinned down and suffered a number of casualties as they attempted to gain better fire positions with which to engage their attackers.
At 06:00 a fighting patrol was dispatched to make contact with Company Headquarters, and as the section passed over a false crest on their way down the spur line they encountered the PVA positions by chance.
By 07:00 they had regained the feature and the PVA were forced to withdraw under heavy fire from the Australians on the high ground, who again exacted a heavy toll.
Meanwhile, on the right flank, D Company—under Captain Norm Gravener—held the summit of Hill 504 and was not heavily engaged during the night, while C Company—commanded by Captain Reg Saunders—was attacked only once.
Protected only by a section of Vickers machine guns, two 17-pounder anti-tank guns, the Assault Pioneer Platoon, and the Regimental Police under the Headquarters Company commander—Captain Jack Gerke—the fighting flared around 22:00 as the PVA infiltrated the position among the retreating ROK.
They bypassed the headquarters and the American tanks nearby, surrounding the defenders and establishing blocking positions on the road to the south.
During the night the PVA attempted to mount the tanks and destroy them with grenades and satchel charges, but were driven off by fire.
Later, one of the tanks received a direct hit from a 3.5 inch rocket, while the forward perimeter was struck heavily by attacking waves of PVA, and was forced back with heavy casualties.
Receiving fire from PVA soldiers occupying several houses in the village of Chuktun-ni, the Shermans engaged the roadblock and several houses, killing more than 40 PVA in one house alone.
At dawn the PVA intensified their attack on the headquarters' perimeter, killing and wounding the bulk of the Medium Machine Gun section and the Assault Pioneer Platoon and driving them off the high ground they had been occupying.
By 05:00 the PVA on the heights were able to fire directly into Battalion Headquarters below, and Ferguson made the decision to withdraw to a new position inside the Middlesex perimeter.
Gerke ordered his men to withdraw gradually, moving one vehicle at a time back along the road, as those that remained provided covering fire.
The withdrawal was successfully completed, and with Headquarters Company finally assembled inside the Middlesex perimeter, Gerke was then ordered to secure a key ford across the Kapyong River, east, as a possible withdrawal route for the battalion should it later have to retire from Hill 504.
However, during the withdrawal two Australians were left behind and were subsequently captured by the PVA: Private Robert Parker, the battalion despatch rider, and Private Horace Madden, one of the signallers.
Meanwhile, the New Zealand gunline had also been probed during the early morning and was forced to redeploy at 03:00, while the American mortar company had simply fled, abandoning most of their weapons and vehicles.
This was mostly due to the large number of ROK retreating through their position tearing out the line from the Command Post, as well the effect of heavy vehicle traffic and gunfire on the exposed line.
Likewise, direct radio communication with the forward companies on the battalion command net with the new Type 31 VHF radios was obstructed by the rugged terrain due to the siting of Battalion Headquarters in low ground relative to the forward companies and the requirement for line-of-sight.
The forward companies were able to maintain communications with each other, but not with Battalion Headquarters, while the company level nets also functioned well.
Ultimately contact was maintained between Ferguson and Burke through a radio set in the Middlesex Battalion Headquarters, while messages to the forward companies relied on line and a slow relay through C Company.
These issues had only further complicated the conduct of the defence on the first night, with the co-ordination of the forward battle falling to O'Dowd.
The next morning, O'Dowd finally managed to get through on a radio phone to a general in the US 1st Marine Division.
The PVA attacks had been launched quickly and aggressively, placing their light machine guns on the flank in support and attempting to close to attack the Australian perimeter with grenades.
Contrary to some contemporary western accounts, the PVA did not use human wave tactics, rather, using a tactic known as 'one-point-two sides', they used massed forces and infiltration to achieve local numerical superiority and to penetrate the gaps between the forward companies, before attempting to envelop the Australians while drawing their fire to the front, away from their threatened flanks.
They would normally attempt to close with UN defensive positions using darkness or poor visibility to cover their movement and to counter American air superiority, before attacking using massed force, co-ordinated with close fire support.
However, although normally well planned and closely supported by machine-gun, mortar, and artillery fire, PVA attacks in Korea were often inflexible in execution once launched.
This was mostly due to the lack of radio communications below battalion-level, with the PVA instead relying on whistle blasts, bugle calls, and runners for command and control, and although their and mortars had provided particularly effective indirect fire support, these problems were again evident during the fighting at Kapyong.
Later, it was estimated that more than 500 PVA were killed by the Australians and the American tanks that supported them.
Meanwhile, on Hill 677 the Canadians had spent the night of 23/24 April in their pits listening to the sounds of the fighting on the Australian front.
However, by early morning PVA activity increased and, with the situation deteriorating on the Patricia's right flank, Stone withdrew B Company from their position forward of the feature's summit to strengthen this flank if the Australians were forced to withdraw.
Under the command of Major Vince Lilley the company subsequently moved to occupy positions east of Battalion Headquarters on the high ground overlooking the valley road.
A and B Company supported by artillery, mortars, and tanks poured heavy fire onto the hapless Chinese, forcing them to withdraw leaving hundreds of casualties behind on the slopes.
With the Australians remaining in possession of their original defensive locations the immediate situation had stabilised, although they were now effectively cut-off behind the front.
Ammunition, food, and medical supplies were now extremely low throughout the forward area, and with casualty evacuation increasingly difficult, the battalion was at risk of being overrun unless it could be concentrated, resupplied, and supported.
As such, in order to avoid each company being isolated and overwhelmed in a series of PVA attacks, at 07:15 B Company was ordered to leave its position and join the other companies on the high ground to form a defendable battalion position.
The Australians subsequently withdrew as instructed, taking several dozen PVA prisoners with them that had been captured earlier by a standing patrol.
The New Zealand gunners covered their movement across the open valley, laying a smoke screen to conceal the withdrawal, while the American tanks also provided support.
As they moved across the valley the Australians exchanged a number of shots with a small groups of PVA who were still hiding in dead ground and in the riverbed, as well as numerous dead from the fighting the previous night.
With B Company successfully occupying its new positions, Ferguson moved forward to the hillside below his forward companies aboard a Sherman tank.
The attack was repulsed, and no further assaults were made against C Company during the day, although they endured sniper fire and mortar bombardment for several hours.
Realising the importance of B Company's previous position to a planned counter-offensive, two hours after their withdrawal, Ferguson ordered Laughlin to re-occupy the position which they had just vacated.
27th Brigade would now be reinforced by American troops and their move forward would be facilitated if the PVA were cleared from the small hill that commanded the road through the valley.
Likewise, the defence of this position the previous evening had prevented a PVA assault on the western flank of Hill 504.
In preparation for the company assault on the summit, Laughlin tasked 5 Platoon to assault a small knoll halfway between C Company and the old B Company position.
Strongly held by a PVA platoon well dug-in in bunkers, the defenders allowed the Australians to approach to within before opening fire with machine guns, rifles, and grenades.
5 Platoon suffered seven casualties, including the platoon commander, and they were forced to withdraw under the cover of machine-gun and mortar fire.
4 Platoon under Lieutenant Leonard Montgomerie took over the attack, while a number of American tanks moved in to provide further support.
Davie's section was then heavily engaged by machine guns from the rear trenches, and he moved quickly to assault these with his remaining men.
The Australians then began taking fire from another knoll to their front and, leaving his rear sections to clear the first position, Montgomerie led Davie's section onto the second knoll.
Against such aggression the PVA were unable to hold and, although the majority bravely fought to the death, others fled across the open ground.
By 12:30 the knoll had been captured by the Australians, with 57 PVA dead counted on the first position and another 24 on the second.
A large PVA force was now detected occupying the old B Company position and the Australians were effectively halted halfway to their objective.
Before Laughlin could prepare his next move he was ordered to withdraw by Ferguson, and the attempt to dislodge the PVA was subsequently abandoned.
During the fighting the tanks had provided invaluable support, moving ammunition forward to B Company, and helping to evacuate the wounded.
D Company's position was vital to the defence of Hill 504, commanding the high ground and protecting the Australians' right flank.
Using mortars to cover their movement, they attacked on a narrow front up the steep slope using grenades; however, the Australians beat the PVA back, killing more than 30 for the loss of seven wounded during six attacks.
The New Zealand artillery again played a key role in defeating the PVA attempts, bringing down accurate fire within of the Australian positions.
However, throughout the fighting the supply of ammunition for the guns had caused severe problems, as the PVA offensive had depleted the stock of 25-pounder rounds available forward of the airhead in Seoul.
Despite improvements, problems with the logistic system remained and each round had to be used effectively in response to the directions of the artillery Forward Observers which controlled their fire.
Although badly wounded, Corporal William Rowlinson was later awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for his leadership, while Private Ronald Smith was awarded the Military Medal.
Lance Corporal Henry Richey was posthumously Mentioned in Despatches after being fatally wounded attempting to evacuate the last of the Australian casualties.
Despite their previous failures, the PVA launched another series of attacks from 11:30 and these attacks continued for the next two hours, again targeting 12 Platoon under the command of Lieutenant John Ward.
From 13:30 there was another lull in the fighting for an hour and a half, although D Company continued to endure PVA mortar, machine-gun, and rifle fire.
Believing that the battle may continue into the night, Gravener made the decision to pull 12 Platoon back in order to adopt a tighter company perimeter, lest his forward platoon be overrun and destroyed.
The movement was completed without incident and, shortly after, the newly vacated position was assaulted by a large PVA force which had failed to detect the withdrawal.
The PVA moved quickly as they attempted to establish their position on the northern end of the ridge, only to be heavily engaged by Australian machine-gun and rifle fire, and artillery.
The battalion now occupied a northward-facing arc curving from the summit of Hill 677 in the west to the high ground closest to the river.
D Company held the summit on the battalion's left, C Company the central forward slope, while A and B Company held the right flank.
The high grass and severe terrain of Hill 677 limited the ability of each company to provide mutual support, however, while at the same time it afforded any attacking force limited avenues of approach, and even less cover or concealment for an assault.
Although originally intending on holding until the Australians could be relieved by the US 5th Cavalry Regiment, Burke had decided during the morning to withdraw 3 RAR, and this had prompted the cancellation of B Company's assault.
With the Australians facing encirclement, and mindful of the fate that had befallen the Glosters, Burke had ordered a fighting withdrawal back to the Middlesex area to new defensive positions in rear of the brigade.
Indeed, despite holding the PVA at bay throughout the morning and afternoon, the increasing difficulty of resupply and casualty evacuation made it clear that the Australians would be unable to hold Hill 504 for another night in its exposed and isolated positions.
Planning for the withdrawal had begun as the PVA renewed their assault on D Company around 11:30, while Ferguson and O'Dowd discussed the withdrawal by radio at 12:30.
With the PVA dominating the road south, Ferguson ordered his companies to withdraw along a ridge running south-west from Hill 504, just east of the Kapyong River.
The Middlesex position lay a further south-west of the foot of the ridge and could be reached by the ford secured earlier by Gerke, which would act as the battalion check point for the withdrawal.
Ferguson saw his role as ensuring that O'Dowd received the support he needed to achieve a clean break, and had as such decided not to move forward to lead the withdrawal himself.
The challenge was to protect the forward platoons as they withdrew from being followed up by the PVA occupying the old B Company positions and from D Company's position after they broke contact.
The Australians would also have to clear the withdrawal route of any blocking forces, while at the same time the evacuation of a large number of wounded and PVA prisoners would hamper their movement.
Consequently, the lead company would not move until mid-afternoon so that the rearguard would be able to use the protection of darkness to break contact, while at the same time offering good observation and fields of fire during the daylight to support the initial moves.
B Company would lead the withdrawal down the ridge line, carrying any wounded that still required evacuation, as well as clearing the route and securing the ford near the Middlesex position.
C Company would wait for the artillery to neutralise the PVA on the old B Company position, before moving to establish a blocking position behind D Company.
A Company would then withdraw to a blocking position behind C Company, in order to allow Gravener and Saunders to establish a clean break.
Finally, D Company would withdraw through both C and A Company and set up a blocking position to delay any follow up and allow those companies to withdraw.
However, the attack by two US Marine Corps F4U Corsairs was mistakenly directed at the Australians themselves after their positions were wrongly marked by the spotter plane.
Two men were killed and several badly burnt by napalm before the attack was broken off after the company second-in-command—Captain Michael Ryan—ran out under PVA fire waving a marker panel.
The company medical orderly—Private Ronald Dunque—was subsequently awarded the Military Medal for his efforts assisting the wounded despite his own injuries.
11 Platoon on the main ridge forward of the summit was subjected to a frontal assault; however, unaffected by the napalm, they broke up the PVA attack and inflicted heavy casualties on them.
The withdrawal was scheduled to begin shortly following the misdirected airstrike, and was to be preceded by an artillery bombardment with high explosive and smoke at 16:00.
The American tanks were subsequently moved forward to provide cover, and when the New Zealand artillery failed to fire at the appointed hour, they provided the direct fire support.
Still in contact, the Australians began to pull back, fighting a number of well-disciplined rearguard actions as the companies leapfrogged each other.
B Company had taken 39 PVA prisoners during the earlier fighting, and unable to leave these behind, they were used to carry many of the Australian wounded and much of their equipment as well.
O'Dowd's fear that the PVA might have blocked the withdrawal route was not realised, and B Company moved back along the ridge and down to the ford without incident, reaching the Middlesex area after dark.
Saunders led his company up the spur and then south down the main ridge without incident, followed by A Company during the next hour with the PVA in close pursuit.
Murdoch had been concerned lest he and his men should be engaged when they reached the Kapyong River in an exhausted condition and with little ammunition.
Luck was with the Australians, and due to difficulties of communication and navigation along the ridge line in the dark, elements of A Company had become separated and the last two platoons descended to the river too early to strike the ford.
However, reaching a deserted part of the bank they realised their mistake and immediately turned west again, following the river-bank to the ford.
The PVA did not follow this sudden final turn and plunged on into the river, giving A Company an unexpected opportunity to break free.
This possibility had been foreseen earlier; however, problems with the radio relay between the Canadians and Australians meant that there had been no guarantee that the withdrawing force would not be mistaken for PVA as they crossed the river.
Only D Company—which had been holding the summit and had withdrawn last—was heavily engaged and was unable to move at the scheduled time.
The PVA launched a determined assault, preceding it with heavy machine-gun and mortar fire, before attempting to overrun the forward pits.
Once again the Australians repelled the PVA assault and Gravener decided to begin to thin out his position before the situation deteriorated further.
During the rapid withdrawal after the final PVA attack, Private Keith Gwyther was accidentally left behind after being knocked unconscious and buried in a forward pit by a mortar round.
He regained consciousness some hours later and was subsequently captured by the PVA who had by then occupied Hill 504 and were digging in.
Regardless, the previous 24 hours of fighting had been costly for the Australians, resulting in 32 killed, 59 wounded and three captured; the bulk of them in A Company and Battalion Headquarters.
Yet their stout defence had halted the assault on the brigade's right flank, and had inflicted far heavier casualties on the PVA before being withdrawn.
Significantly for the Australians 25 April was Anzac Day; however, following their successful withdrawal the PVA turned their attention to the Canadians on the left flank.
Despite the withdrawal from Hill 504 that evening, 27th Brigade had been reinforced on the afternoon of 24 April by the arrival of the 5th US Cavalry Regiment.
The Americans had been dispatched earlier in the day to ensure that Kapyong remained in UN hands, and one of the battalions was subsequently deployed to the southwest of the D Company, 2 PPCLI on the summit of Hill 677 in order to cover the left flank.
Likewise, despite heavy casualties in one of the Australian companies and battalion headquarters, 3 RAR had emerged from the intense battle largely intact and had successfully withdrawn in an orderly fashion.
Meanwhile, one of the replacement British battalions, the 1st Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers, had also arrived during the 24th and it took up positions with the Australians around Brigade Headquarters.
Having dislodged the defenders from Hill 504, the PVA 354th Regiment, 118th Division would attempt to capture the dominating heights of Hill 677 held by the Canadians.
Although unaware of the arrival of American reinforcements, the PVA had however detected the redeployment of B Company, 2 PPCLI and at 22:00 that evening they commenced an assault on the Canadian right flank.
Although the initial moves were easily beaten back by automatic fire and mortars, a second PVA assault an hour later succeeded in overrunning the right forward platoon.
The Canadians successfully withdrew in small groups back to the company main defensive position, where they eventually halted the PVA advance.
During the fighting the Canadians' mortars had proven vital, their stability allowing for rapid fire out to with an ability to accurately hit narrow ridgelines at maximum range.
Shortly after the second assault on B Company was repelled, another large PVA assault force was detected fording the river in the bright moonlight.
Meanwhile, a large PVA force of perhaps company strength was detected in the re-entrant south of B Company, moving toward Battalion Headquarters, and Lilley warned Stone of the impending assault.
Six M3 Half-tracks from Mortar Platoon had been positioned there before the battle, each armed with a .50-calibre and a .30-calibre machine gun.
The PVA had telegraphed their intentions prior to the assault by using tracer fire for direction, and had used bugles to co-ordinate troops in their forming up positions.
Such inflexibility had allowed the Canadians to co-ordinate indirect fires and took a heavy toll on the attackers in the forming up positions.
The PVA had been unable to successfully pinpoint the Canadian defensive positions, having failed to carry out a thorough reconnaissance prior to the attack.
The severe terrain had also prevented the assaulting troops from adopting a low profile during their final assault, however in the darkness the Canadian rifle fire was ineffective, forcing them to resort to using grenades and rocket launchers.
The PVA mortars and artillery was particularly ineffective however, and very few rounds fell on the Canadian positions during the evening.
Indeed, in their haste to follow up the collapse of the ROK 6th Division, the PVA 118th Division had left the bulk of its artillery and supplies well to the north.
In contrast, the New Zealand gunners provided effective fire support and had been able to break up a number of PVA assaults before they had even reached the Patricias.
At 01:10 a large PVA force was detected forming up on a spur to the west towards Hill 865 and they were engaged by Bren guns and defensive fires.
Assaulting 10 Platoon under the cover of machine-gun and mortar fire, the PVA were soon effectively engaged by Vickers machine guns from 12 Platoon firing in mutual support.
Switching their axis of assault to 12 Platoon, the PVA succeeded in overrunning one of the Canadian sections and a medium machine gun, killing two of its crew who had remained at their post firing until the last moment.
The Canadians fought back, engaging the PVA as they attempted to turn the Vickers on them, rendering it inoperable before calling in pre-arranged defensive fires on to the newly lost position.
With the supporting artillery firing at the 'very slow' rate to conserve ammunition, the weight of the PVA assaults soon prompted the Canadians to request it be increased to the 'slow' rate of two rounds per gun per minute, so that 24 rounds fell every 30 seconds within a target area of .
Mills, was subsequently forced to call down artillery fire onto his own position on several occasions during the early morning of 25 April to avoid being overrun.
The PVA persisted however, launching a number of smaller attacks during the rest of the night, but these were again repulsed by artillery and small arms fire.
By dawn the attacks on the Canadian positions had abated, and with D Company remaining in control of the summit they were able to recover the previously abandoned machine gun at first light.
Meanwhile, on the right flank B Company was also able to re-occupy the platoon position it had been forced to relinquish earlier the previous evening.
Regardless, the PVA had succeeded in establishing blocking positions on the roads south of the Canadians, temporarily cutting them off from resupply.
Anticipating that the battle would continue into the evening, Stone requested that food, ammunition, and water be airdropped directly onto Hill 677 and by 10:30 the required supplies—including mortar ammunition—were dropped by four American C-119 Flying Boxcars flying from an airbase in Japan.
Meanwhile, the Middlesex sent out patrols during the morning in order to clear the PVA that had infiltrated behind Hill 677 during the evening, and although the PVA blocking positions were relatively weak it was not until 14:00 that patrols from B Company, 2 PPCLI reported the road clear.
The remainder of the day was relatively quiet for the Canadians, although they were subjected to periodic harassing fire from the PVA.
Later the Patricias, with American tanks in support, cleared the remaining PVA from the northern slopes of Hill 677, while several PVA concentrations were again broken up by heavy artillery fire and airstrikes.
The American battalion on the south-west flank of the Canadians was subsequently relieved by the Middlesex, following which the 5th US Cavalry Regiment launched an assault to recover Hill 504.
American patrols north of the feature met no resistance, while the Americans were also able to patrol east along Route 17 to Chunchon without contact.
Having left their supplies of food and ammunition far behind during the advance two days earlier, the PVA had been forced to withdraw back up the Kapyong Valley in the late afternoon of 25 April in order to regroup and replenish following the heavy casualties incurred during the fighting.
With vastly superior numbers the PVA had attacked on a broad front, and had initially overrun a number of the forward UN positions.
Indeed, despite their numerical advantage the PVA had been badly outgunned and they could not overcome the well-trained and well-armed Australians and Canadians.
And yet, despite their ultimate defeat, the battle once again demonstrated that the PVA were tough and skillful soldiers capable of inflicting heavy casualties on the Australians and forcing their eventual withdrawal, albeit both intact and orderly.
As a result of the fighting Australian losses were 32 killed, 59 wounded and three captured, while Canadian casualties included 10 killed and 23 wounded.
The Canadians were finally relieved on Hill 677 by a battalion of the 5th US Cavalry Regiment on the evening 26 April.
2 PPCLI, 3 RAR and A Company, 72nd Heavy Tank Battalion were all subsequently awarded the US Presidential Unit Citation for their actions during the Battle of Kapyong.
The New Zealand gunners—without whom the Australians and Canadians may have suffered a similar fate to that of Glosters at the Imjin—were awarded the South Korean Presidential Unit Citation.
Although the Canadians and Australians had borne the brunt of the fighting, the Middlesex—despite the imminence of their replacement—had shown no evidence of hesitancy or lack of aggression when recalled into the fighting early in the battle.
For their leadership, Ferguson and Stone were both awarded the Distinguished Service Order, while Koch was awarded both the American Distinguished Service Cross and the British Military Cross for the vital part his tanks had played in the fighting.
Although the main blow had fallen on US I Corps, the resistance by British Commonwealth forces in the battles at the Imjin River and at Kapyong had helped to blunt its impetus, with the defence mounted by the 27th Brigade stopping the PVA from isolating US I Corps from US IX Corps, thereby helping to halt the PVA advance on Seoul and preventing its capture.
The PVA had now nearly exhausted their resources of men and material, and were approaching the limit of their supply lines.
Many PVA soldiers were now tired, hungry and short of equipment and during the fighting at Kapyong they had demonstrated a greater willingness to surrender than in previous encounters, with 3 RAR alone taking 39 prisoners, only eight of them wounded.
Contingent on the rapid attainment of its objectives, the attempted PVA coup de main ultimately failed amid heavy casualties and they had little recourse but to abandon their attacks against US I and IX Corps.
In contrast, US casualties during the same period numbered just 314 killed and 1,600 wounded, while Commonwealth, ROK and other UN contingents brought the total to 547 killed, 2,024 wounded and 2,170 captured; the disparity highlighting the devastating effect of enormous UN firepower against massed infantry.
Undeterred by these setbacks, the Second Phase of the Spring Offensive began on 16 May to the east of Kapyong, only to suffer their worst defeat at the Battle of the Soyang River.
27th Brigade was replaced by the 28th British Commonwealth Brigade and Brigadier George Taylor took over command of the new formation on 26 April.
With the PVA offensive losing momentum, the new Commonwealth formation was subsequently pulled back into IX Corps reserve to the southwest of Kapyong, near the junction of the Pukhan and Chojon rivers.
3 RAR was transferred to 28th Brigade, while the 1st Battalion, The King's Own Scottish Borderers and the 1st Battalion, The King's Shropshire Light Infantry replaced the Argylls and Middlesex regiments.
After protracted negotiations between the governments of Australia, Britain, Canada, India, New Zealand and South Africa, agreement had been reached to establish an integrated formation with the aim of increasing the political significance of their contribution, as well as facilitating the solution of the logistic and operational problems faced by the various Commonwealth contingents.
The 1st Commonwealth Division was formed on 28 July 1951, with the division including the 25th Canadian, 28th British Commonwealth and 29th British Infantry Brigades under the command of Major General James Cassels, and was part of US I Corps.
For many of the Australians Kapyong was to be their last major battle before completing their period of duty and being replaced, having endured much hard fighting, appalling weather and the chaos and confusion of a campaign that had ranged up and down the length of the Korean Peninsula.
Most had served in the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) during the Second World War and this combat experience had proven vital.
Regardless, casualties had been heavy, and since the battalion's arrival from Japan in September 1950 the Australians had lost 87 killed, 291 wounded and five captured.
Gapyeong County's administrative district has five sides of a town, and Gapyeong County's population is 62,448 and 29,212 households based on resident registration at the end of December 2016, with an area of 843.6 km2.
However the physical systems which give rise to IIR or FIR responses are dissimilar, and therein lies the importance of the distinction.
But in the latter case, after an impulse has reached the end of the tapped delay line, the system has no further memory of that impulse and has returned to its initial state; its impulse response beyond that point is exactly zero.
The presence of feedback in the topology of a discrete-time filter (such as the block diagram shown below) generally creates an IIR response.
The transfer function of an FIR filter, on the other hand, has only a numerator as expressed in the general form derived below.
The transfer functions pertaining to IIR analog electronic filters have been extensively studied and optimized for their amplitude and phase characteristics.
Desired solutions can be transferred to the case of discrete-time filters whose transfer functions are expressed in the z domain, through the use of certain mathematical techniques such as the bilinear transform, impulse invariance, or pole–zero matching method.
Thus digital IIR filters can be based on well-known solutions for analog filters such as the Chebyshev filter, Butterworth filter, and elliptic filter, inheriting the characteristics of those solutions.
For example, for a causal system, all poles of the transfer function have to have an absolute value smaller than one.
This is in contrast to the FIR filter where all poles are located at the origin, and is therefore always stable.
IIR filters are sometimes preferred over FIR filters because an IIR filter can achieve a much sharper transition region roll-off than an FIR filter of the same order.
The main advantage digital IIR filters have over FIR filters is their efficiency in implementation, in order to meet a specification in terms of passband, stopband, ripple, and/or roll-off.
If implemented in a signal processor, this implies a correspondingly fewer number of calculations per time step; the computational savings is often of a rather large factor.
Also FIR filters can be easily made to be linear phase (constant group delay vs frequency)—a property that is not easily met using IIR filters and then only as an approximation (for instance with the Bessel filter).
Another issue regarding digital IIR filters is the potential for limit cycle behavior when idle, due to the feedback system in conjunction with quantization.
The Treaty of Amritsar, executed by the British East India Company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu after the First Anglo-Sikh War, established the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under the suzerainty of the British Indian Empire.
It formalised the arrangements in the Treaty of Lahore between the British East India Company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu after the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Under Article 3, Gulab Singh was to pay 75 lakhs (7.5 million) of Nanak Shahi rupees (the ruling currency of the Sikh Empire) to the British Government, along with other annual tributes.
The company is partially owned by the Italian government through the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which holds 30.2% of the company's shares and is its largest shareholder.
On 1 January 2016, Leonardo-Finmeccanica became a single industrial company by integrating the activities of its subsidiaries AgustaWestland, Alenia Aermacchi, DRS Technologies, Selex ES, Oto Melara and WASS.
The company is organised into five divisions (Helicopters, Aircraft, Aerostructures, Electronics, Cybersecurity) and is also the parent company and corporate centre for the subsidiaries and joint ventures, Telespazio, Thales Alenia Space, MBDA and ATR.
, the company was known by the transitional name of Leonardo-Finmeccanica as part of the restructuring process of the company carried out by CEO Mauro Moretti from the beginning of his mandate in 2014.
From the 1960s to the 1980s Italy's defence and aerospace industry was split into state-holding entities: EFIM owned the helicopters manufacturer Agusta, the defence company Oto Melara and the electronic enterprise Officine Galileo, whereas STET (another IRI subsidiary) held Selenia, Elsag and SGS Thomson, all electronic enterprises with specializations in security and defense.
In 1989 an internal IRI reorganization process brought STET electronic enterprises to Finmeccanica, and the Aeritalia-Selenia merger constituted its aerospace subsidiary Alenia.
In 1992 EFIM was wound up because of its troubled financial situation; and Agusta, Oto Melara, Officine Galileo and Breda passed to Finmeccanica, which became one of the main Italian industrial groups.
Finmeccanica, which was previously fully state owned by IRI, became partly privatized in 1993, when it was listed in the Milan Borsa Italiana stock exchange.
In 1992 Finmeccanica's Agusta became a 32% partner in NHIndustries, the prime contractor for the NH90 helicopter, along with Eurocopter (62.5%) and Fokker (5.5%).
In July 2000 Finmeccanica and the British GKN agreed to merge their respective helicopter subsidiaries (Agusta and GKN-Westland Helicopters) to form AgustaWestland.
In December 2001 the missile business of Alenia Marconi Systems (AMS), a joint Finmeccanica/BAE Systems company, was merged with other European missile manufacturers to form MBDA which thus became the world's second largest missile manufacturer.
In July 2003 Finmeccanica and BAE Systems announced their intention to set up three joint venture companies, to be collectively known as Eurosystems.
In January 2013 the company merged with Finmeccanica's other defence electronics companies, SELEX Elsag and SELEX Sistemi Integrati, to become Selex ES.
During 2011–2013, Finmeccanica emails were published by WikiLeaks and Finmeccanica was subject to judicial inquiries on several fronts and management changes.
Prosecutors alleged that he paid bribes to ensure the sale of 12 helicopters to the Indian government, when he was head of the group's AgustaWestland unit.
In the first half of 2014, Finmeccanica's new Chief Executive Officer and General Manager Mauro Moretti started a significant process of change for the Group, both in terms of strategic choices and organizational structure.
The goal was to create a more cohesive and efficient group in which all processes (research, marketing and sales, engineering, procurement, strategies and governance) are centralized and integrated and can interact each other.
This encompasses the 100% owned companies of the core aerospace and defence business (AgustaWestland, Alenia Aermacchi, Oto Melara, Selex ES and WASS) being transformed into seven new Finmeccanica divisions.
The current holding company will then become an operating company based on seven major business areas, maintaining its parent company and corporate centre function for the Group companies excluded from the model (DRS Technologies, Telespazio, Thales Alenia Space, MBDA and ATR).
At the end of 2014, Finmeccanica transferred its stake in BredaMenarinibus to the newco Industria Italiana Autobus (20% Finmeccanica and 80% King Long), thereby taking a further step in the Group's portfolio rationalization process.
In 2015 Hitachi signed a binding agreement with Finmeccanica for Hitachi's acquisition of the AnsaldoBreda business, excluding some revamping activities and residual contracts, and of the entire Finmeccanica stake in the share capital of Ansaldo STS, approximately 40% of the total capital.
FATA, another subsidiary of the Finmeccanica Group since 2004 that was not part of the core business, was sold in 2015 to the Gruppo Danieli, dealing in the production of steel plants.
On 1 January 2016, Finmeccanica become a single integrated industrial entity that have absorbed the activities of AgustaWestland, Alenia Aermacchi, Selex ES, OTO Melara and WASS.
On 18 March 2017 the Italian Treasury proposed that the veteran banker Alessandro Profumo replace Mauro Moretti as CEO of Leonardo, and on 16 May the Board appointed Alessandro Profumo to the role.
On 30 January 2018, Leonardo presented the 2018-2022 Industrial Plan with the aim of taking the necessary actions to return to sustainable growth in the five-year period.
The outlook in the reference markets is positive, particularly in international export markets, allowing Leonardo to concentrate on existing opportunities for its core businesses.
Its production activities and its main industrial and commercial bases are located in Italy, the United Kingdom, Poland and the United States.
While she is best known for the character Hothead Paisan, Homicidal Lesbian Terrorist she is a prolific fine artist as well.
The series was part of an underground 'zine explosion which happened in the early 1990s, and instantly snared a loyal cult following.
Hothead literally started out as journal material to vent and deal with anger issues by DiMassa when first entering into drug and alcohol recovery.
DiMassa currently does a bit of cartooning/illustrating, but focuses mainly on oil painting and street art pieces often based on Hothead Paisan and Chicken.
For example, decision-making is done by consensus or another system in which each person has a voice; it is not done hierarchically with only one or a few people making choices that will affect the whole group.
), they are distributed equitably throughout the group, and each member has access to more-or-less the same resources as any other member.
The Federation of Egalitarian Communities is a network of communal groups in North America with values including egalitarianism, non-violence, income-sharing and cooperation.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis.
Complications can include pulmonary embolism, as a result of detachment of a clot, which travels to the lungs, and post-thrombotic syndrome.
The mechanism of clot formation typically involves some combination of decreased blood flow rate, increased tendency to clot, and injury to the blood vessel wall.
Risk factors include recent surgery, older age, cancer, history of VTE, family history, trauma, lack of movement, obesity, hormonal birth control, pregnancy and the period following birth, antiphospholipid syndrome, and certain genetic conditions.
Genetic factors include non-O blood type, deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S and the mutations of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A.
A D-dimer test can also be used to assist with excluding the diagnosis or to signal a need for further testing.
Preventive efforts following surgery can include early and frequent walking, calf exercises, aspirin, anticoagulants, graduated compression stockings, or intermittent pneumatic compression.
The rate of DVTs increases from childhood to old age; in adulthood, about one in 1000 adults are affected per year.
Signs and symptoms of DVT, while highly variable, include pain or tenderness, swelling, warmth, dilation of surface veins, redness or discoloration, and cyanosis with fever.
Signs and symptoms alone are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to make a diagnosis, but when considered in conjunction with pre-test probability, can help determine the likelihood of DVT.
In most suspected cases, DVT is ruled out after evaluation, and symptoms are more often due to other causes, such as cellulitis, ruptured Baker's cyst, musculoskeletal injury and hematoma, lymphedema, and chronic venous insufficiency.
The three factors of Virchow's triad—venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and changes in the endothelial blood vessel lining (such as physical damage or endothelial activation)—contribute to VTE and are used to explain its formation.
Other related causes include activation of immune system components, the state of microparticles in the blood, the concentration of oxygen, and possible platelet activation.
Inactivity and immobilization contribute to venous stasis, as with orthopedic casts, paralysis, sitting, long-haul travel, bed rest, hospitalization, and in survivors of acute stroke.
Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May–Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget–Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck.
Oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy increase the risk through a variety of mechanisms, including altered blood coagulation protein levels and reduced fibrinolysis.
Genetic factors that increase the risk of VTE include deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin.
Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times.
Individuals without O blood type have higher blood levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII than those with O blood type, increasing the likelihood of clotting.
Additionally, approximately 5% of people have been identified with a background genetic risk comparable to the factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations.
Inflammatory diseases such as Behçet's syndrome, and some autoimmune diseases, such as primary antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, increase risk.
Other associated conditions include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombotic storm, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, nephrotic syndrome, infection, HIV, polycythemia vera, intravenous drug use, and smoking.
Blood alterations including dysfibrinogenemia, low free protein S, activated protein C resistance, hyperhomocysteinemia, high fibrinogen levels, high factor IX levels, and high factor XI levels are associated with increased risk.
Common risk factors for having an upper extremity DVT include having an existing foreign body (such as a central venous catheter, a pacemaker, or a triple-lumen PICC line), cancer, and recent surgery.
Veins in the leg or pelvis are most commonly affected, including the popliteal vein (behind the knee), femoral vein (of the thigh), and iliac veins of the pelvis.
With arterial thrombosis, blood vessel wall damage is required, as it initiates coagulation, but clotting in the veins mostly occurs without any such damage.
The beginning of venous thrombosis is thought to be caused by tissue factor, which leads to conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, followed by fibrin deposition.
Red blood cells and fibrin are the main components of venous thrombi, and the fibrin appears to attach to the blood vessel wall lining (endothelium), a surface that normally acts to prevent clotting.
Hypoxemia also results in the production of reactive oxygen species, which can activate these pathways, as well as nuclear factor-κB, which regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transcription.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and early-growth-response protein 1 contribute to monocyte association with endothelial proteins, such as P-selectin, prompting monocytes to release tissue factor-filled microvesicles, which presumably begin clotting after binding to the endothelial surface.
Provoked DVTs occur in association with acquired risk factors, such as surgery, oral contraceptives, trauma, immobility, obesity, or cancer; cases without acquired states are called unprovoked or idiopathic.
Acute DVT is characterized by pain and swelling and is usually occlusive, which means that it obstructs blood flow, whereas non-occlusive DVT is less symptomatic.
DVT below the popliteal vein, a proximal vein behind the knee, is classified as distal and has limited clinical significance compared to proximal DVT.
Phlegmasia alba dolens and phlegmasia cerulea dolens occur when a DVT is very large and causes significant obstruction of the veins (complete or near-complete occlusion).
In the former, the affected leg is white and painful as the congestion is so severe that the arterial blood supply is reduced.
In the latter, the arterial supply is reduced to the point that there is a blue tinge and venous gangrene can develop, generally with severe pain.
Those with Wells scores of two or more have a 28% chance of having DVT, those with a lower score have 6% probability.
Alternatively, Wells scores can be categorized as high if greater than two, moderate if one or two, and low if less than one, with likelihoods of 53%, 17%, and 5%, respectively.
For those with a low or moderate probability of DVT, a D-dimer level can be obtained, which excludes a diagnosis if results are normal.
For a suspected first leg DVT in a low-probability situation, the American College of Chest Physicians recommends testing either D-dimer levels with moderate or high sensitivity or compression ultrasound of the proximal veins.
For a suspected first leg DVT in a moderate-probability scenario, a high-sensitivity D-dimer is suggested as a recommended option over ultrasound imaging, with both whole-leg and compression ultrasound possible.
Imaging tests of the veins are used in the diagnosis of DVT, most commonly either proximal compression ultrasound or whole-leg ultrasound.
Each technique has drawbacks: a single proximal scan might miss a distal DVT, while whole-leg scanning can lead to distal DVT overtreatment.
The gold standard for judging imaging methods is contrast venography, which involves injecting a peripheral vein of the affected limb with a contrast agent and taking X-rays, to reveal whether the venous supply has been obstructed.
In one study, it found a DVT in an additional 20% of patients with pulmonary embolism where an ultrasonography was negative.
For the prevention of blood clots in the general population, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends an active lifestyle including leg exercises and walking when sitting for hours at a time as well as maintaining a healthy body weight.
Walking and leg exercises reduce venous stasis because leg muscle contractions compress the veins and pump blood up towards the heart.
Excess body weight is another risk factor that can be modified, and as such, interventions and lifestyle modifications that help someone lose weight work to reduce DVT risk.
The risk of major bleeding with long-term anticoagulation is about 3% per year, and the point where annual VTE risk is thought to warrant long-term anticoagulation is estimated to be between 3 and 9%.
For example, antithrombin deficiency, a strong or moderately strong risk factor, carries an annual risk of VTE of only 0.8–1.5%; as such, asymptomatic individuals with thrombophilia do not warrant long-term anticoagulation.
Out of all the statins that have been studied, rosuvastatin appears to be the only one with the potential to reduce VTE risk.
A 2014 Cochrane review found that using heparin in medical patients did not change the risk of death or pulmonary embolism.
The 2012 ACCP guidelines for nonsurgical patients recommend anticoagulation for the acutely ill in cases of elevated risk when neither bleeding nor a high risk of bleeding exists.
Options for VTE prevention in people following nonorthopedic surgery include early walking, mechanical prophylaxis (intermittent pneumatic compression or graduated compression stockings), and drugs (low-molecular-weight heparin and low-dose-unfractionated heparin) depending upon the risk of VTE, risk of major bleeding, and person's preferences.
Following major orthopedic surgery, the ACCP recommends treatment with drugs that reduce the risk of clots (such as fondaparinux and aspirin) with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) suggested as a preference.
The risk of VTE is increased in pregnancy by about five times because of a more hypercoagulable state, a likely adaptation against fatal postpartum hemorrhage.
Homozygous carriers of factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A with a family history of VTE were suggested for antepartum LMWH and either LMWH or a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for the six weeks following childbirth.
Those with another thrombophilia and a family history but no previous VTE were suggested for watchful waiting during pregnancy and LMWH or—for those without protein C or S deficiency—a VKA.
Homozygous carriers of factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A with no personal or family history of VTE were suggested for watchful waiting during pregnancy and LMWH or a VKA for six weeks after childbirth.
Graduated compression stockings have sharply reduced the levels of asymptomatic DVT in airline passengers, but the effect on symptomatic DVT, PE, or mortality is unknown, as none of the individuals studied developed these outcomes.
Those with significant VTE risk factors undertaking long-haul travel are suggested to use either graduated compression stockings or LMWH for VTE prevention.
Balancing risk vs. benefit is important in determining the duration of anticoagulation, and three months is generally the standard length of treatment.
In those with an annual risk of VTE in excess of 9%, as after an unprovoked episode, extended anticoagulation is a possibility.
Those who finish VKA treatment after idiopathic VTE with an elevated D-dimer level show an increased risk of recurrent VTE (about 9% vs about 4% for normal results), and this result might be used in clinical decision-making.
Two forms of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been developed: oral direct thrombin inhibitors and oral factor Xa inhibitors, which can be an effective and safe alternative to warfarin for acute DVT.
For acute cases in the leg, the ACCP recommended a parenteral anticoagulant (such as LMWH, fondaparinux, or unfractionated heparin) for at least five days and a VKA, the oral anticoagulant, the same day.
LMWH and fondaparinux are suggested over unfractionated heparin, but both are retained in those with compromised kidney function, unlike unfractionated heparin.
The VKA is generally taken for a minimum of three months to maintain an international normalized ratio of 2.0–3.0, with 2.5 as the target.
The benefit of taking a VKA declines as the duration of treatment extends, and the risk of bleeding increases with age.
A three-month course is also recommended for those with proximal DVT provoked by a transient risk factor, and three months is suggested over lengthened treatment when bleeding risk is low to moderate.
Those whose first VTE is an unprovoked proximal DVT are suggested for anticoagulation longer than three months unless there is a high risk of bleeding.
Those with a second unprovoked VTE are recommended for extended treatment when bleeding risk is low, suggested for extended treatment when bleeding risk is moderate, and suggested for three months of anticoagulation in high-risk scenarios.
This applies as long as individuals feel ready for it, and those with severe leg symptoms or comorbidities would not qualify.
An appropriate home environment is expected: one that can provide a quick return to the hospital if necessary, support from family or friends, and phone access.
There are benefits associated with walking and no evidence that walking worsens DVT, but people with DVT can be harmed by bed rest except when it is medically necessary.
Instead of anticoagulation, a follow-up imaging test (typically ultrasound) about one-week post-diagnosis is an option for those with an acute isolated distal DVT without a high risk for extension; if the clot does not grow, the ACCP does not recommend anticoagulation.
Patients can choose anticoagulation over serial imaging, however, to avoid the inconvenience of another scan if concerns about the risk of bleeding are insignificant.
Thrombolysis is the injection of an enzyme into the veins to dissolve blood clots, and while this treatment has been proven effective against the life-threatening emergency clots of stroke and heart attacks, randomized controlled trials have not established a net benefit in those with acute proximal DVT.
Drawbacks of catheter-directed thrombolysis (the preferred method of administering the clot-busting enzyme) include a risk of bleeding, complexity, and the cost of the procedure.
As of 2016, those thought to be the best candidates for catheter-directed thrombosis have iliofemoral DVT, symptoms for less than 14 days, good functional status (ability to perform one's activities of daily living), life expectancy of at least 1 year, and a low risk of bleeding.
NICE recommends IVC filters in settings where someone with an acute proximal DVT or PE cannot receive anticoagulation, and that the filter is removed when anticoagulation can be safely started.
The ACCP recommended them for those with a contraindication to anticoagulant treatment but not in addition to anticoagulation, unless an individual with an IVC filter but without a risk for bleeding develops acute proximal DVT.
While IVC filters themselves are associated with a long-term risk of DVT, they are not reason enough to maintain extended anticoagulation.
In 2017, an expert panel with the American College of Cardiology stated that the judicious use of IVC filters was critical.
Around 56% of those with proximal DVT have PE as well, although a chest CT is not needed simply because of the presence of a DVT.
PE is the most serious complication of proximal DVT, and the risk of PE is higher when clots are present in the thigh and pelvis.
Another frequent complication of proximal DVT is post-thrombotic syndrome, which is caused by a reduction in the return of venous blood to the heart.
The presence of a remaining thrombus after a DVT occurs in a minority of people, and it increases the risk of recurrence, though to a lesser extent than an elevated D-dimer.
In individuals who have an initial proximal unprovoked DVT, about 16% will have recurrent VTE in the 2 years after they complete their course of anticoagulants.
If DVT and PE manifest together for an inital unprovoked DVT, the rate of recurrence in this timeframe is about 17%.
A seemingly unprovoked VTE might suggest the presence of an undiagnosed cancer, but it is not common practice to screen people with unprovoked VTE for the presence of cancer.
From childhood to old age, incidence increases by a factor of about 1000, with almost 1% of the elderly experiencing VTE yearly.
After surgery with preventive treatment, VTE develops in about 10 of 1000 people after total or partial knee replacement, and in about 5 of 1000 after total or partial hip replacement.
In North American and European populations, around 4–8% of people have a thrombophilia, most commonly factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A.
Non-O blood type is present in around 50% of the general population and varies with ethnicity, and it is present in about 70% of those with VTE.
Being on blood thinners because of DVT can be life-changing for patients because it may prevent them from continuing lifestyle activities such as contact or winter sports to prevent bleeding episodes after potential injuries.
Professional basketball players including NBA players Chris Bosh and hall of famer Hakeem Olajuwon have dealt with recurrent blood clots, and Bosh's career was significantly hampered by DVT and PE.
Due to her knowledge of DVT and PE, in 2017, after feeling the sudden onset of a PE symptom, Serena accurately advocated for herself to have PE diagnosed and treated.
Dick Cheney was diagnosed with an episode while Vice President, and TV show host Regis Philbin had a DVT after hip-replacement surgery.
NBC journalist David Bloom died while covering the Iraq War from a PE that was thought to have progressed from a missed DVT.
Patients with a history of DVT might be managed by primary care, general internal medicine, hematology, cardiology, vascular surgery, or vascular medicine.
Interventional radiology is the specialty that typically places and retrieves IVC filters, and vascular surgery might do catheter directed thrombosis for some severe DVTs.
In 1856, German physician and pathologist Rudolf Virchow published what is referred to as Virchow's triad, the three major causes of thrombosis.
The triad provides the theoretical framework for the current explanation of venous thrombosis, although it was focused on the effect of a foreign body in the venous system and the conditions required for clot propagation.
Multiple pharmacological therapies for DVT were introduced in the 20th century: oral anticoagulants in the 1940s, subcutaneous injections of LDUH in 1962 and subcutaneous injections of LMWH in 1982.
For around 50 years, a months-long warfarin (Coumadin) regimen was the mainstay of pharmacological treatment after several days of using a subcutaneous heparin.
To avoid the blood monitoring required with warfarin and the injections required by heparin and heparin-like medicines, a new generation of anticoagulant pills that can be taken by mouth and do not require blood monitoring has sought to replace these traditional anticoagulants.
In the late 2000s to early 2010s, direct oral anticoagulants—including dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), and apixaban (Eliquis)—came to the market, making this field of medicine fast changing.
Diagnoses were commonly performed by impedance plethysmography in the 1970s and 1980s, but the use of Doppler ultrasound techniques, with their increased sensitivity and specificity, largely superseded this method.
VTE follow-up costs at three months, six months, and a year are about $5,000, $10,000, and $33,000 respectively; in Europe, the three and six-month figures are about €1,800 and €3,200.
Annual DVT costs in the U.S. are an estimated $5 billion or in excess of $8 billion, and the average annual cost per treated individual is thought to be about $20,000.
As an example, if 300,000 symptomatic DVT patients were treated at costs averaging $20,000 annually, that would cost $6 billion a year.
In their updated 2018 clinical practice guidelines, the American Society of Hematology identified 29 separate research priorities, most of which related to patients who are acutely or critically ill. Inhibition of Factor XI, P-selectin, E-selectin, and a reduction in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps are potential therapies that might treat VTE without increasing bleeding risk.
Psusennes III was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes (976 BC – 943 BC) at the end of the 21st Dynasty.
His name appears on a document found at the 'mummy cache' DB320 which describes him as a son of the High Priest Pinedjem II.
This makes him a possible candidate for Psusennes II because Pinedjem II died in Year 10 of Siamun, who was the immediate predecessor of this Pharaoh.
BANC and ECOS were born out of the Masters in Conservation at University College, London, by committed volunteers keen to raise the profile of the environment to new audiences in political, social and economic circles.
As the first organisation to link the conservation of nature to politics, social issues and economics before the mainstreaming of environmental concerns, BANC's advent was widely welcomed.
BANC's track record of engaging leading thinkers to analyse current and future trends and opportunities in conservation began early in the organisation's history: Implementing the Act: A study of habitat protection under Section II of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 was written in 1984 by William Adams, later Professor of Geography at the University of Cambridge.
This was followed by a series of critically acclaimed publications addressing issues relevant to the development of nature conservation that have influenced conservation thinking and activity.
In 1923 Gland provided the venue for the European Division meeting of the Seventh-day Adventists, where the German Adventist leaders said they regarded whether to serve as combatant in times of war was a matter which should be left to the conscience of individual members of their church.
In the 1930s, the Toblerone line, a defensive line, was built along the western edge of Gland, stretching from Lac Léman towards the Jura mountains.
It is only since the mid-1980s that Gland has started to grow into a town with its own businesses and shopping centers.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 18.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 8.9%.
Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 3.5% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 6.1%.
Of the agricultural land, 29.0% is used for growing crops and 5.0% is pastures, while 11.8% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality was part of the Nyon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Gland became part of the new district of Nyon.
During the 10 year period 1999–2009 the population increased at a rate of 21.4%: 9.5% due to migration and 12% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (7,677 or 79.4%), with German being second most common (628 or 6.5%) and English being third (346 or 3.6%).
The age distribution, , in Gland is; 1,464 children or 13.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,523 teenagers or 13.5% are between 10 and 19.
1,973 people or 17.5% are between 30 and 39, 2,067 people or 18.3% are between 40 and 49, and 1,347 people or 11.9% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 928 people or 8.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 385 people or 3.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 164 people or 1.5% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 25 people or 0.2% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 4,005 households that answered this question, 30.2% were households made up of just one person and there were 7 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 940 married couples without children, 1,417 married couples with children There were 298 single parents with a child or children.
There were 54 households that were made up of unrelated people and 81 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
, a total of 3,773 apartments (89.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 392 apartments (9.3%) were seasonally occupied and 57 apartments (1.4%) were empty.
Since it is located halfway between the cities of Geneva and Lausanne, many international companies and organizations have offices in Gland, among others Sun Microsystems, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), the Ramsar Convention and World Wide Fund for Nature.
There were 5,302 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.7% of the workforce.
About 12.2% of the workforce coming into Gland are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.
Of the rest of the population, there were 82 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.85% of the population), there were 10 individuals (or about 0.10% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 970 individuals (or about 10.04% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 29 individuals (or about 0.30% of the population) who were Jewish, and 286 (or about 2.96% of the population) who were Islamic.
1,656 (or about 17.14% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 519 individuals (or about 5.37% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 1,620 who completed tertiary schooling, 43.1% were Swiss men, 25.1% were Swiss women, 17.2% were non-Swiss men and 14.6% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 1,249 children of which 563 children (45.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
A strip mall (also called a shopping plaza, shopping center, mini-mall, or shopping parade) is an open-air shopping center where the stores are arranged in a row, with a sidewalk in front.
The smaller variety is more common and often located at the intersection of major streets in residential areas; it caters to a small residential area.
This type of strip mall is found in nearly every city or town in the United States and Canada; it is service-oriented and may contain a grocery store, hair salon, dry cleaner, laundromat, small restaurant, discount stores, variety stores, and similar stores such as a general store, toy store, pet store, jewelry store, mattress store, Convenience store, thrift shop, or pawn shop.
In the past, pharmacies were often located next to the grocery stores, but are now often free-standing or contained within the anchor tenant (e.g.
Gas stations, banks, and other businesses also may have their own free-standing buildings in the parking lot of the strip center.
The other variety of strip mall in the United States is usually anchored on one end by a big box retailer, such as Walmart, Kohl's or Target, and/or by a large supermarket like Kroger on the other.
They are usually referred to as power centers in the real estate development industry because they attract and cater to residents of an expanded population area.
The term strip mall is not used in the United Kingdom, where a similar retail development might instead be called a shopping parade.
It leads directly onto the town's high street which also features The Belfry, an indoor shopping centre built three years later; both are within two minutes' walking distance of each other.
Also in the UK, The Drake Circus open air shopping centre in Plymouth, Devon was demolished in the early 2000s and replaced by a large indoor shopping centre of the same name.
Indicated airspeed is simply what is read off of an airspeed gauge connected to a pitot static system, calibrated airspeed is indicated airspeed adjusted for pitot system position and installation error, and equivalent airspeed is calibrated airspeed adjusted for compressibility effects.
True airspeed is equivalent airspeed adjusted for air density, and is also the speed of the aircraft through the air in which it is flying.
Calibrated airspeed is typically within a few knots of indicated airspeed, while equivalent airspeed decreases slightly from CAS as aircraft altitude increases or at high speeds.
This is because air density decreases with higher altitude, but an aircraft's wing requires the same amount of air particles (i.e., mass of air) flowing around it to produce the same amount of lift for a given angle of attack; thus, a wing must move faster through thinner air than thicker air to obtain the same amount of lift.
The pitot-static system comprises one or more pitot probes (or tubes) facing the on-coming air flow to measure pitot pressure (also called stagnation, total or ram pressure) and one or more static ports to measure the static pressure in the air flow.
Since 2010, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends using kilometers per hour (km/h) for airspeed (and meters per second for wind speed on runways), but has no set date on when to stop using the current de-facto standard which is knots for airspeed.
From current EASA definitions: Indicated airspeed means the speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static airspeed indicator calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere adiabatic compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for airspeed system errors.
The airspeed is derived from the difference between the ram air pressure from the pitot tube, or stagnation pressure, and the static pressure.
The pitot tube is mounted facing forward; the static pressure is frequently detected at static ports on one or both sides of the aircraft.
The static pressure measurement is subject to error due to inability to place the static ports at positions where the pressure is true static pressure at all airspeeds and attitudes.
Calibrated airspeed (CAS) is indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors, position error (due to incorrect pressure at the static port) and installation errors.
Equivalent airspeed (EAS) is defined as the airspeed at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere at which the (incompressible) dynamic pressure is the same as the dynamic pressure at the true airspeed (TAS) and altitude at which the aircraft is flying.
The significance of equivalent airspeed is that, at Mach numbers below the onset of wave drag, all of the aerodynamic forces and moments on an aircraft are proportional to the square of the equivalent airspeed.
Thus, the handling and 'feel' of an aircraft, and the aerodynamic loads upon it, at a given equivalent airspeed, are very nearly constant and equal to those at standard sea level irrespective of the actual flight conditions.
Up to about 200 knots CAS and 10,000 ft (3,000 m) the difference is negligible, but at higher speeds and altitudes CAS diverges from EAS due to compressibility.
To maintain a desired ground track whilst flying in a moving airmass, the pilot of an aircraft must use knowledge of wind speed, wind direction, and true air speed to determine the required heading.
TAS is the true measure of aircraft performance in cruise, thus it is the speed listed in aircraft specifications, manuals, performance comparisons, pilot reports, and every situation when cruise or endurance performance needs to be measured.
It is the speed normally listed on the flight plan, also used in flight planning, before considering the effects of wind.
Since indicated airspeed is a better indicator of power used and lift available, true airspeed is not used for controlling the aircraft during taxiing, takeoff, climb, descent, approach or landing; for these purposes the Indicated airspeed – IAS or KIAS (knots indicated airspeed) – is used.
Both the Mach number and the speed of sound can be computed using measurements of impact pressure, static pressure and outside air temperature.
At sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) and at low speeds where air compressibility is negligible (and so a constant air density may be assumed), TAS equals CAS.
Since temperature variations are of a smaller influence, the ASI error can be roughly estimated as indicating about 2% less than TAS per of altitude above sea level.
For example, an aircraft flying at in the international standard atmosphere with an IAS of , is actually flying at TAS.
Whale Cove is a small cove, approximately one-third of a mile (0.5 km) in diameter, located on the Pacific Coast of Oregon in the United States, approximately 1.4 mi (2.3 km) south of the city of Depoe Bay.
The ocean portion of the cove is protected as a marine reserve, and land portions of the cove are protected as parts of Rocky Creek State Scenic Viewpoint and Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
In 1978, British amateur historian Bob Ward proposed that Whale Cove was the location where Francis Drake spent the summer of 1579 during his circumnavigation of the globe by sea.
The officially recognized Drake landing site is at the Drakes Bay Historic and Archaeological District National Landmark in northern California on the coast of Marin County.
Ward proposed Whale Cove as the actual spot of Drake's landing based on its similarity to a 16th-century map made by Jodocus Hondius.
Ward theorized that Drake may have conspired with Queen Elizabeth I to mislead the Spanish about the true location of the cove to keep the Spanish from discovering Puget Sound, which Ward believes that Drake thought was the Northwest Passage.
Whale Cove remains an unnavigable bay in a dangerous part of the Oregon coast: mariners are advised to stay at least offshore for the distance one mile north of Whale Cove to one mile south of Whale Cove.
The images would provide posterity with a comprehensive visual record of the war and its leading figures, and make a powerful impression on the populace.
Something not generally known by the public is the fact that roughly 70% of the war's documentary photography was captured by the twin lenses of a stereo camera.
Millions of these cards were produced and purchased by a public eager to experience the nature of warfare in a whole new way.
The American Civil War (1861–65) was the fifth war in history to be photographed, the first four being the Mexican–American War (1846–48), the Crimean War (1854–56), Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Second Italian War of Independence (1859).
Mathew B. Brady (May 18, 1822 – January 15, 1896), the son of Irish immigrants, was born in Warren County, New York.
In 1856, seeing the tremendous potential for reproducible and enlarged prints and illustrated newspapers, Brady hired photographer and businessman, Alexander Gardner, who instructed him in the new art of wet-plate collodion photography.
Mathew Brady's unequaled fame derived from his shrewd ability at self-promotion and a strong determination to succeed as the foremost portrait photographer of his day.
From the very beginning Brady determined to accumulate as many war views as possible, with the understanding that in the not too distant future a photomechanical means of reproduction would be possible.
In light of Brady's practice, it is not surprising therefore, that a very large number of war views that were not actually his came to be associated almost exclusively with his name.
The First Battle of Bull Run provided the initial opportunity to photograph an engagement between opposing armies, however Brady returned with no known photographs from the battlefield.
Following the Federal rout, he arrived back in Washington D.C. the day after the battle and was photographed at his studio wearing a soiled duster and sword (see photo).
Tantalizingly little is known about Brady's life, as he kept no journals, wrote no memoirs and left but few written accounts.
By war's end, Brady estimated he had spent $100,000 to amass more than 10,000 negatives that the public no longer showed an interest in.
In 1875, the War Department came to Brady's relief and purchased, for $25,000, the remainder of his collection, which were mostly portraits.
From the War Department, the collection went to the U.S. Signal Corps, and in 1940 it was accessioned by the National Archives.
In November 1861 Gardner was appointed to the staff of General George McClellan, the commander of the Army of the Potomac, and was given the honorary rank of captain.
In 1862, Gardner and/or his operators photographed the 1st Bull Run battlefield, McClellan's Peninsula Campaign, and the battlefields of Cedar Mountain and Antietam.
Since the battlefields of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville were Union defeats and remained in enemy hands, Northern photographers were unable to reach the fields.
By May 1863, Gardner had opened a gallery with his brother James, taking with him many of Mathew Brady's former staff.
The circumstantial evidence suggests that Gardner's split with Brady was not caused by any altruistic concerns over the proper recognition of the photographers in published works.
In April 1865, Gardner photographed Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt, David Herold, Michael O'Laughlen, Edman Spangler and Samuel Arnold, who were arrested for conspiring to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln.
Gardner, with the assistance of O'Sullivan, also took photographs of the execution of Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt and David Herold as they were hanged at Washington Penitentiary on July 7, 1865.
Four months later, Gardner photographed the execution of Henry Wirz, commanding officer at the infamous prisoner of war camp in Andersonville, Georgia.
In 1867 Gardner closed his gallery, and with his son Lawrence and assistant William R. Pywell set out to photograph along the proposed route of the U.P.R.R., taking photographs along the 39th parallel.
In 1879, Alexander Gardner formally retired from photography, devoting his remaining years improving and enlarging the scope of the co-operative life insurance business model of the Washington Beneficial Endowment Association, as well as continuing with his involvement in the Masonic Mutual Relief Association, becoming its president in 1882, and the St Andrews Society, a Scottish relief organization.
After a brief career in hotel management, he opened a daguerreotype studio in Oswego, New York, becoming nationally known for his portraits.
Barnard, besides doing portraits and photographing the troops around Washington D.C., was among Brady's initial corps of photographers, who were sent into the field to photograph the battlefields of Northern Virginia, and the Peninsula, including Bull Run and Yorktown, as well as Harper's Ferry.
In 1892, he moved for the last time to Cedarville, near Syracuse, New York, where he maintained his interest in photography, taking pictures of friends and family, and taking yearly class pictures of the school children.
At the end of the Civil War, O'Sullivan was made official government photographer for the Clarence King (1867, 68, 69, 72), Isthmus of Darien (Panama 1870) and George Wheeler (1871, 73, 74) Expeditions respectively, during which time he married fellow photographer, William Pywell's sister Laura in 1873.
O'Sullivan's pictures were among the first to record the prehistoric ruins, Navajo weavers, and Pueblo villages of the southwest, and were instrumental in attracting settlers to the West.
In 1875 O'Sullivan returned to Washington, D.C. where he spent the last years of his short life as the official photographer of the Treasury Department.
Just seven years later, at the young age of 42, O'Sullivan died of tuberculosis at his parents’ home in Staten Island, New York.
In 1860, Scotsman Gibson's name appeared with that of his wife Elizabeth in the Washington D.C. census, and the city directory showed that Mathew Brady employed him.
Gibson's first documented trip into the field was when he accompanied George N. Barnard to the Bull Run battlefield in March 1862.
He worked with Gardner at Gettysburg and partnered with him at Sharpsburg, but Gibson's own greatest legacy was the wide array of photographs he took while on the Virginia peninsula, in particular his poignant, landmark photo of the wounded at Savage Station, Virginia.
Several years after the war, before a court could rule on Gibson's 1868 civil suit against business partner, Mathew Brady (Gibson also sued Gardner), he heavily mortgaged Brady's failing Washington Gallery, which he partly owned (50%) and managed from Sept. 1864, left for Kansas with the cash, and was never heard from again.
He took an early interest in painting, and in addition to executing portraiture for local public figures, he was drawn to railroads and trains.
During the first two years of the Civil War, Russell painted a diorama used to recruit soldiers for the Union Army.
On 22 August 1862, he volunteered at Elmira, New York, mustering in the following month as a captain in Company F, 141st New York Volunteer Regiment.
In February 1863, Russell, who had become interested in the new art of photography, paid free-lance photographer Egbert Guy Fowx $300 to teach him the wet-plate collodion process.
Impressed with his work, on 1 March 1863, Haupt arranged to have Russell detached from his regiment and assigned to the United States Military Railroad Construction Corps, making Russell one of only two, Federal non-civilian Civil War photographers (Pvt.
In his embedded capacity, Russell not only photographed transportation subjects for the War Department, but also likely moonlighted by selling battlefield negatives to the Anthonys.
In fact, Russell took over a thousand photos in two and a half years, some of which were distributed exclusively to President Lincoln.
Thomas C. Roche (1826–1895) In 1858, Roche became interested in photography and was listed as an agent at 83 South St. in Brooklyn, New York.
In 1862 he went to work for Anthony Co., taking the first complete set of Central Park stereoviews published by them.
Over the years, Roche was Anthony Co.'s principal photographer and senior advisor and one of their most valuable assets, developing many patents for the company's products and processes.
Roche lived well off his many royalties, and continued as technical advisor to the company, sharing his knowledge, wisdom and anecdotes with readers of Anthony's Bulletin up until his death in 1895.
Roche is probably best known for, and counts among his many accomplishments, the roughly 50 stereoviews taken on April 3, 1865 following the fall of Petersburg, Virginia.
In 1864, he was awarded a contract by Quartermaster General Montgomery Meigs, for photographic work along the lines of the railroads in US.
Coonley was also very likely responsible for at least fourteen photos archived at the Library of Congress, depicting the April 14, 1865, Fort Sumter Flag-Raising Ceremony, though he's cited as the author of just one.
The photographic evidence suggests the Anthony Co. photographer used a stereo camera with a drop-shutter, utilizing two camera locations inside the fort.
The only view inside Fort Sumter that actually depicts the garrison flag being raised is the work of photographer William E. James.
Coonley is known to have operated a business at 78 Broughton Street, Savannah, Georgia, dealing in Chromos, engravings and paintings, as well as manufacturing frames and publishing of stereoviews and photographs.
In 1886 Coonley returned to Nassau, establishing a successful business there until 1904, when he sold out and returned to New York.
He stayed in the occupied area as a sutler and photographer for X Corps, employing his large format, drop-shutter and twin lens stereo cameras.
Cooley advertised in the local paper an inventory of over two thousand different negatives, views taken from Charleston, S.C, to St. Augustine Fla., which included card, stereoscopic and large 11X14 views taken for the government.
In 1866 he had also established himself as an auctioneer and a town marshal, with his office at the Beaufort Hotel in Beaufort.
His account book indicates he sold bread and foodstuffs to various businesses as well as to the General Hospital and the Small Pox Hospital.
Reekie was active in Virginia, taking views at Dutch Gap and City Point, and in and around Petersburg, Mechanicsville and Richmond.
John Reekie was an officer of the Saint Andrews Society, a Scottish relief organization in Washington D.C., as was Alexander and James Gardner and David Knox.
In March 1862, Mathew Brady sent Woodbury and Edward Whitney out to photograph the 1st Bull Run battlefield, and in May, views of the Peninsula Campaign.
David B. Woodbury died December 30, 1866 in Gibraltar, where he had traveled, seeking a milder climate for his declining health caused by consumption.
In 1849, with wife Jane older brother John and John's wife Elizabeth, machinist Knox emigrated to America, taking a machinist job in New Haven, Connecticut.
Knox became a naturalized citizen on March 22, 1855, just five years after the tragic deaths of 28 year-old Jane and hus 7 week-old son David.
In 1870 David Knox and his wife Marion moved to Omaha, Nebraska, where he had apparently finished with photography to pursue regular employment as a machinist.
Pywell was busy in both the Western Theatre as well as in the East, but is probably best remembered for his early photographs of the slave pens of Alexandria, Va.
Six years later, he was the official photographer of the 1873 Yellowstone Expedition to survey a route for the Northern Pacific Railroad along the Yellowstone River, under the overall command of Colonel David S. Stanley, with Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer as second in command.
After the end of his two-year enlistment, Brown began working as a freelance camp photographer for the 5th Michigan Cavalry, part of George A. Custer's Michigan brigade.
Browne wintered with them in their encampment at Stevensburg, Virginia while taking some of the earliest photographs of Brigadier General Custer.
Then, on November 19, the brothers recorded a number of historic views of the procession to the dedication of the Soldier's National Cemetery, one of which captured President Lincoln on horseback.
George Stacy (1831–1897) George Stacy was a Civil War, field photographer and later a prolific publisher of stereoviews, not necessisarily his own.
In June 1861 Stacy recorded his renown Fortress Monroe series, where his future brother in law Colin Van Gelder Forbes was serving with Duryee's Zouaves (5th NYVI) at the time.
Edward Tompkins Whitney (1820–1893) In 1844, Whitney, born in New York City, quit the jewelry business to learn the daguerreotype process from Matrin M. Lawrence, before moving to Rochester New York in 1846, as an operator in the studio of Thomas Mercer.
Whitney personally appears in an unusually large number of photographs from 1861 to 1863, and while there is no question that Whitney took photographs for Brady, alas, there are no wartime views specifically ascribed to him.
In addition to Anthony's post-war views with back label attributions to Whitney & Paradise, Whitney is also listed as working with a Mr. Beckwith in Norwalk, Connecticut.
Gurney was not listed in the New York city directories until 1843, when he appears as a daguerreian at 189 Broadway.
Jeremiah Gurney is probably best known for his having taken a photograph of Abraham Lincoln in an open coffin April 24, 1865, as the President's body lay in state in City Hall, New York City.
Secretary of War Edwin Stanton was furious and succeeded in confiscating all of the existing prints and negatives but one (That print, secreted away by Lincoln secretary John Hay was rediscovered in 1952 at the Illinois State Historical Library by 14-year-old Ronald Rietveld).
In April 1866, under the direction of Dr. Reed Bonteceau, Brown, at the time just a hospital steward at the Army Medical Museum in Washington D.C, was hired as an assistant cameraman by the museum's photographer, William Bell.
Though new to the field of photography, Brown did respectable work, producing a number of stereo photographs that have aided in our comprehension of those terrible battles.
Philip Haas (1808–1871) and Washington Peale (1825–1868) While but little is known of Haas' early personal history, almost nothing is known about Peale.
In 1863, the engineers were in South Carolina, and 2nd Lt. Haas was detailed to take photographs of General Quincy Gilmore's siege operations on Morris Island.
The pair are credited with dozens of views of the activities of the Union Army in South Carolina during the Civil War, including Folly Island, Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, Lighthouse Inlet and Morris Island.
A September 8, 1863 date has been suggested for the photo, however during that action the 17-gun frigate was engaging Fort Moultrie at close range and out of view of the Federal camps which were 4 miles away.
New Ironsides in action would have been the extended period from September 5–6, when for 36 straight hours the ironclads engaged batteries Wagner and Gregg (top photo), prior to the Rebel evacuations on September 7.
Carbutt may be best recognized for his significant contributions to the advancement of photographic processes in the 19th Century and early 20th Century.
He was among the earliest photographers to experiment with magnesium light (January 1865), he experimented with dry plates as early as 1864 and began producing commercial dry plates in 1879.
The largest known output of Civil War photographs by Carbutt are 40 or so stereoviews of the 134th Illinois Infantry camped at Columbus, Kentucky.
Lincoln's funeral train was photographed by Carbutt as it passed through Chicago on May 1, 1865 and he followed the train to Springfield where he obtained photographs of Lincoln's home.
The Illinois soldiers' homes at Chicago and Cairo, Illinois required continued funding, and the fair helped cover other continuing expenses of the Northwestern Sanitary Commission.
The Bierstadt Brothers consisted of Edward (1824–1906), Charles (1828–1903) and Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902) who immigrated with their parents to New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1831 from Solingen, Germany.
He and his friend Emanuel Leutze obtained passes in October 1861 from Gen. Winfield Scott to travel, photograph and sketch along the Potomac River outside of Washington, D.C.
After the partnership broke up around 1867 Albert pursued his career as an artist and became a member of the Hudson River school of artists.
His entrance into Civil War photography occurred when Moore followed the Third New Hampshire Regiment soldiers to Hilton Head, South Carolina in February 1862 and stayed through April or May 1862.
His photography studio on the island of Hilton Head, South Carolina, comprised a tent set up in a sandy cotton field.
He took at least one more trip to the same area that extended from April 22 to the end of May, 1863.
Fortunately, this was not the case for the many cherished family portraits of Confederate servicemen who lived and died during the war.
The native of Stamford, Connecticut was not successful in the mercantile business, so he moved to New Orleans and became a portrait painter.
Cook's status as one of the South's most famous photographers was due in part to his visit to Fort Sumter on Feb. 8, 1861, which resulted in the first mass marketing of cartes-de-visite, a photograph of the fort's commander, Maj. Robert Anderson.
A successful portrait business that survived the war, and the systematic documentation of Union shelling of Charleston and in particular, Fort Sumter added to Cook's fame.
Then, on September 8, 1863 he and business partner James Osborn photographed the inside of Fort Sumter, and as luck would have it, also captured the developing naval action in the harbor, Federal ironclads firing on Fort Moultrie.
For unknown reasons, the historic stereoview was not marketed until 1880, when it was finally offered for sale by Cook's son, George LaGrange Cook.
Sadly, Cook's extensive collection, mainly consisting of portraits of notable Southern personalities, was lost on Feb. 17, 1865, when his Columbia, S.C. studio was destroyed during the firestorm that engulfed the capitol city.
Cook moved his family to Richmond in 1880, and his older son, George LaGrange Cook, took charge of the studio in Charleston.
In 1858, James M. Osborn (1811–1868), a 47 year old daguerreian, native of New York, living in Charleston, S.C., joined forces with 22 year old Charleston native, Frederick Eugene Durbec (1836–1894).
It was also at this time that O&D produced documentary photographs of the city and its vicinity, including their singularly historic, antebellum scenes of plantations and slave life.
Following the Federal surrender of Fort Sumter on April 14, 1861, Osborn would visit the fort and its surrounds on at least two occasions, taking at least 43 stereo images of the battle's aftermath, in what is the largest known group of Confederate images of the war, and which is considered the most comprehensive photographic record of a Civil War engagement ever made.
Their friendship would outlast their Charleston business however, which the war and damaging fires had brought to an end by February 1862.
After the death of his father in 1842, young Jay was sent to St. Louis to live with an aunt, at which time his surname was changed to Edwards.
By age 17, he was a lecturer on the pseudoscience phrenology, and apparently also began his photographic career, operating a daguerreian studio at 92-1/2 Fourth Street.
However, that changed when he and E. H. Newton Jr. formed a partnership and opened the Gallery of Photographic Art, located at 19 Royal Street.
In August 1864, following the capture of Fort Morgan on Mobile Bay, Alabama, McPherson & Oliver made a comprehensive photographic record of that installation.
By 1853, Charles had relocated to the former studio of Harrison and Holmes at 289 Broadway, NYC, in what was then the new photographic industry's epicenter.
Lower Manhattan contained the studios of some of the best photographers in the business, such as Henry Ulke, Mathew Brady, Jeremiah Gurney, Edward Anthony and Abraham Bogardus.
To compete, Charles cut his prices on portraits to twenty-five cents for a 1/9th plate and sixty-two cents with a case, a low price even by 1850 standards.
At the beginning of the Civil War, the influx of politicians and particularly soldiers meant a dramatic increase in business, and the brothers were kept busy with hundreds of new recruits flocking to their gallery.
Caught up in the patriotic fervor of the time, Charles soon joined the 19th Virginia Militia, a regiment made up of shopkeepers, railroad workers and local firemen, who were used primarily as prison guards, but who were also used in extreme emergencies.
As the war progressed, acute shortages of everything was the norm and most retail shops in Richmond, including Rees' studio, eventually closed down altogether.
Then, in 1880, for reasons not entirely clear Charles relocated his studio to Petersburg, Virginia, setting up shop at the J. E. Rockwell Gallery on Sycamore Street.
Charles Rees passed away in 1914 at the age of 84 and was buried in Hollywood Cemetery with his wife Minerva and sons Eddie and Charles Jr.
James lived until 1955 and was one of the few men left who might have remembered the Civil War and his father's work during that conflict.
In 1858, he opened a studio on Main Street in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and for the next half-century recorded the places, events and faces of Louisiana's capital city.
After federal forces occupied Baton Rouge in May 1862, Lytle developed a lucrative photographic relationship with the U.S. Army and Navy.
Besides providing studio portraits for members of the occupying forces, Lytle photographed the occupying army encampments around Baton Rouge as well as the Navy's West Gulf Blockading Squadron under Admiral James Glasgow Farragut and the Mississippi River Squadron.
Many of Lytle's civil war era works are preserved in the 'Andrew D. Lytle's Baton Rouge' Photograph Collection at Louisiana State University.
Lytle's studio was so successful during the civil war that he was able to buy property with buildings near the Louisiana Governor's Mansion, which became the Lytle family home for the next sixty years.
As Louisiana emerged from Reconstruction, Lytle was joined in the business by his son Howard, operating under the name of Lytle Studio and, later, Lytle & Son.
In 1857, Julian Vannerson was a daguerrean portrait artist and principal operator for the James Earle McClees gallery in Washington, D.C., at 308 Pennsylvania Avenue.
Other than this tale, told fifty years after the fact to a journalist, there is no record any espionage by Lytle.
Photographing in the field, a photographer needed a darkroom wagon nearby for preparing the wet plates for exposure and developing them after exposure before they dried.
Without a darkroom wagon, a photographer would have required a system of runners or horsemen to relay the wet plates between his studio, the photographic site in the field, and back to his studio.
He is unique in that he was able to secretly construct a wet-plate camera using a pine box, pocket knife, tin can, and spyglass lens.
Itinerant (traveling) photographers received permission from a commanding general to establish themselves within an encampment, primarily for the lucrative purpose of making portraits for the soldiers, which could then be sent to loved ones as a memento.
The tax was either 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, or 5¢, depending on the price of the photo (1–10¢, 10–25¢, 25–50¢, 50–$1 respectively).
However, there was not a special stamp created for photography, so, US revenue stamps originally intended for Bank Checks, Playing Cards, Certificates, Proprietary, Bills of Lading, &c. were used.
Largely due to the lobbying efforts of Alexander Gardner, Mathew Brady, Jeremiah Gurney and Charles D. Fredericks, the tax was repealed in 1866.
Though meant as a way to hermetically seal the ambrotypes as a preservation method, the process was ultimately unnecessary as the varnish layer itself worked extremely well as a protectant.
When the patent extensions came up for renewal in 1868, the Patent Office decided that the original patents should not have been issued, and the extension was denied.
The results of the efforts of all Civil War photographers can be seen in almost all of the history texts of the conflict.
The number of Civil War photographs that are available contrasts sharply with the scarcity of pictures from subsequent conflicts such as the Russian wars in Central Asia, the Franco-Prussian War, and the various colonial wars before the Boer War.
Following graduation from college, he located in Brussels, Belgium and attended the Alliance Francaise and the Free University for a year.
While living in the Congo, he worked in a local hospital and developed an interest in medicine and specifically tropical diseases.
In 1997 he returned to France where he started epidemiology programs for the Institute Pasteur and for Aventis Pasteur, the world's largest vaccine manufacturer.
He became Assistant Dean, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, at Brownsville campus on January 1, 2001.
He has held several university positions and had over 30 consultancies with organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization.
At the end of World War II he was arrested by US forces, but soon released on condition that he stay in the Western sector.
Joining the socialist faction of the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB), in 1960 he became chairman of the Austrian Journalists' Union.
Accused of intending to form his own media union, in 1985 he was expelled from the Austrian Trade Union Federation, causing hundreds of journalists to leave the ÖGB in protest.
He participated in the protests for an Austrian media reform in 1964, in the early 1970s against the war in Vietnam, and in 1978 against the planned nuclear power plant in Zwentendorf.
His green activities and ecologically motivated rants against socialist members of parliament caused the Austrian socialist party to expel him in 1985.
It became a cause celebre when critics felt that Nenning was unqualified to edit such a collection and some major authors like Elfriede Jelinek refused to contribute work due to government funding of the project.
139 authors eventually found representation in the well-designed collection, which had to be issued in a second limited edition due to public demand.
Eye Guess is an American game show created by Bob Stewart and hosted by Bill Cullen, which aired on NBC from January 3, 1966, to September 26, 1969.
At the beginning of the game, the answers hidden behind the outer boxes were revealed for six to nine seconds and then re-covered.
Questions were asked by the host, and contestants were required to provide only the number behind which the answer was hidden.
Points were awarded for a correct answer, and the contestant who responded correctly was asked a bonus question for additional points.
Questions in each round covered a wide range of topics and were assembled in such a way that choosing an incorrect number for a question could yield humorous results, which was the main appeal of this otherwise simple game.
Each game consisted of two rounds, with correct answers worth 10 points on the first round and 20 on the second.
Toward the end of the show's run, contestants who both missed four consecutive questions in the main game each received a series of at-home memory improvement books.
If a game was in progress when time was called, it would resume on the next show with any unrevealed answers shuffled into different positions.
If time was called during the bonus round, the board was left as it was and the contestant resumed playing on the next show from where they had left off.
Since there could be no continuation of the game on the following Monday's broadcast, host Bill Cullen explained that the contestants would play the game to its conclusion after the show was over, and the appropriate prizes would be awarded.
One one 1967 episode, the prize card for the car was placed behind the #7 slot by mistake instead of the Eye Guess slot.
Instead of restarting the bonus round and editing the tape (which might have preserved the episode for posterity), the episode aired with this mistake and the contestant was awarded every prize on the board, including the car.
The third bonus round was used for the entire final year of the show's run, from September 2, 1968, to September 26, 1969.
While the show failed to sell in America, two years later, the show was sold in the U.K. for ITV and had a successful three-year run with Lennie Bennett as its host from January 3, 1981, until December 22, 1984.
Two years later, a pilot for an Australian adaptation of the show, hosted by Jeremy Kewley was shot for the Seven Network on August 20, 1986.
Two couples played against each other and instead of being shown the answers at the beginning of the game, they were revealed as the game went along.
Sixteen numbers were randomly scrambled before the bonus game, and the result of the scramble was hidden behind the winning team.
They had a choice of eight of the numbers, with the object being to form a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal line.
Virtually all of the series is believed to have been destroyed due to network practices of the era, with the videotapes wiped and re-used.
The outside cylinder was manufactured on-site from twelve sets of panels sent from the factory; the inside cylinder for the elevator was installed as one piece after three sections of 5 panels each were bonded together next to the hotel.
The Aquadom is the largest (by volume) acrylic cylindrical aquarium in the world, with a diameter of about and a height of about , resting on a tall foundation.
After the battle ends, Zordon, with the aid of his robot assistant, Alpha 5, creates a Command Center in the California desert outside the town of Angel Grove.
When Rita Repulsa is released from the Dumpster, Zordon recruits five teenagers from Angel Grove – Jason Lee Scott, Zack Taylor, Kimberly Hart, Trini Kwan, and Billy Cranston – to become the Power Rangers, giving them the Power Morphers, the Power Coins, and the Dinozords to battle Rita.
Zordon guides the Rangers over several years, creating the Zeo and Turbo powers to combat the threats of the Machine Empire and Divatox.
Zordon and Alpha leave Earth for Eltar, leaving the Turbo Rangers under the guidance of Dimitria and her assistant, Alpha 6, but return a short while later to attend the transfer of the Turbo powers to T.J., Cassie, Carlos and Ashley.
Months after his departure, Zordon is captured by Dark Specter, who slowly drains him of his powers, leaving the former Turbo Rangers to become the Space Rangers as they try to find and rescue him.
After Dark Specter is killed by Darkonda who is also killed by him, Andros, the Red Space Ranger, travels to the Dark Fortress and finds Zordon.
Zordon's death creates an energy wave that travels throughout the universe, turning Lord Zedd, Rita, and Divatox into humans, Astronema into her former self Karone, and the other villains into sand.
In the , Lord Zedd and Rita Repulsa free Ivan Ooze, who destroys the Command Center and Zordon's energy tube, leaving him on the verge of death.
Zordon is the former Red Ranger, who has become part of the Morphing Grid after his body was destroyed by a meteor he called down to destroy renegade Green Ranger Rita Repulsa, who had destroyed the rest of his team.
Millennia later, after the new Ranger team is drawn together by the Power Coins to respond to the threat of the revived Rita, Jason realizes that Zordon intends to use the convergence of the Morphing Grid that will occur when the new Rangers connect to their powers for the first time to restore himself to a corporeal body, accusing him of using the team for his own agenda.
With Rita's defeat, Zordon congratulates the Rangers, assuring them that their names will be remembered with honor among the other great Rangers of history.
He chaired the LCC Town Planning and the Housing and Public Health Committees and was a member of the Central Housing Advisory Committee.
He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Peckham in 1936, and was a member of the Select committee on National Expenditure.
He was Minister of Town and Country Planning in the Government of Clement Attlee from 1945 until he retired in 1950.
Silkin was raised to the peerage as Baron Silkin, of Dulwich in the County of London, in the 1950 Birthday Honours.
The other two, Samuel and John, both followed him into Parliament and became members of the Privy Council as well as Government Ministers.
Although Samuel refused a knighthood as Attorney-General, he eventually became a life peer as Baron Silkin of Dulwich, of North Leigh in the County of Oxfordshire.
Samuel's son Christopher also disclaimed the hereditary peerage on the death of his uncle Arthur in 2001, the first time a peerage has been disclaimed twice.
A type of metal not found on earth is discovered in a cave by a spelunker, Masahiko Shimizu, who takes it to Professor Miyajima for examination.
Keisuke is joined by archaeologist Saeko Kaneshiro, who translates the prophecy and takes one of the artefacts, bearing the likeness of the legendary monster King Caesar, to study.
Two men stalk them, one who speaks to them and claims to be a reporter interested in the story, the other of whom attempts to steal the statue from them but fails and flees.
Godzilla (or so it seems) emerges from Mount Fuji and begins a destructive rampage, despite the fact that it has become tolerant of humans within the last few years.
Anguirus, usually Godzilla's ally, confronts it only to be nearly killed and forced to retreat, but not before inflicting a wound that exposes something shiny and metallic beneath Godzilla's skin.
Keisuke arrives shortly after to make sure that his brother and the professor are out of harm's way and discovers another sample of the strange metal.
During the fight, the challenger is revealed to be the true Godzilla, while the other turns out to be Mechagodzilla, a massive robot armed with advanced weaponry in pseudo disguise as Godzilla.
Keisuke and Saeko take the statue of King Caesar back to the temple by cruise ship, but are confronted by the thief once again.
During the fight, the stranger's head is wounded and the skin on half of his face melts away to reveal an apelike visage.
The intruder attempts to kill Keisuke and nearly succeeds, but a bullet from an unseen gunman kills him and propels him overboard.
Masahiko, Miyajima and his daughter Ikuko go to explore the cave where the metal was first found and are captured by the apelike aliens of the Third Planet from the Black Hole, who plan to use MechaGodzilla to conquer Earth.
While Saeko checks into a hotel and guards the statue, Keisuke goes to meet his brother at the caves and instead encounters the reporter, who explains that his name is Nanbara and he is actually an Interpol agent who has been tracking the aliens and believed Keisuke to be connected to them.
The team then splits up, with Miyajima, Nanbara, and Masahiko returning to the alien base and deliberately getting recaptured by Kuronuma, while Keisuke and Ikuko pick up Saeko and the statue from the hotel.
In the early hours of the morning, a lunar eclipse results in a red moon and a mirage creates the illusion of the sun rising in the west.
They meet with the Azumi priestess and her grandfather, and place the statue on a platform in the temple, revealing the lion like monster's resting place.
Eventually, Godzilla uses the electricity stored in its body from the lightning to create a magnetic field that ensnares the robot, then removes its head, shutting off its controls.
While the mortified aliens are distracted, Nanbara and the others free themselves, kill their captors, and sabotage the base, fleeing as it burns and collapses on itself.
With the enemy defeated, Godzilla heads out to sea and King Caesar returns to its resting place while the heroes rejoice.
In 2019, the Japanese version and export English version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
The film stars Hiroshi Ishikawa, Yuriko Hishimi, Tomoko Umeda, and Minoru Takashima, alongside Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla, Kenpachiro Satsuma as Gigan, Koetsu Omiya as Anguirus, and Kanta Ina as King Ghidorah.
It is the last film in which Godzilla was portrayed by Nakajima, who had played the character since the original 1954 film.
When Gengo and his friends accidentally obtain one of the Action Signal Tapes and play it, Godzilla and Anguirus hear the signal and realize something is amiss.
Anguirus reports back to Monster Island, and Godzilla follows it back to Japan to save the Earth from Gigan and King Ghidorah.
The aliens attempt to kill Godzilla with a lethal laser cannon hidden inside Godzilla Tower (the blue laser beam also resembles Godzilla's atomic breath), but Gengo and his companions use the aliens' over-reliance on technology against them, forcing the invaders to unwittingly destroy themselves.
After a lengthy fight, Godzilla and Anguirus force Gigan and King Ghidorah back into space and then Godzilla and Anguirus swim back to Monster Island, but not before Godzilla turns around and gives a roar of triumph, in thanks to its human friends.
Miko uses the three space monsters to install his being into a giant statue of Majin Tuol, a fictional Inca god, which has been erected at Tokyo's Science Land.
In addition to those stock tracks, several themes composed by Ifukube for the Mitsubishi Pavilion at Expo '70 are used throughout the movie.
Following the film's release in Japan in March, 1972, Toho commissioned Hong Kong broadcaster and voice actor Ted Thomas to produce an English language soundtrack.
In the Japanese release, speech bubbles, as seen in comic books, are used to depict a conversation between Godzilla and Anguirus.
The speech bubbles were removed in original prints of the English version and the conversation was dubbed into English with Thomas as the voice of Godzilla.
In the 1980s, Toho had regained control of the film's American distribution rights and licensed the film to New World Pictures.
The film was released on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on October 19, 2004, and on Blu-ray by Kraken Releasing on May 6, 2014.
In 2019, the Japanese version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
Street sign theft occurs when street signs are stolen, to be used as decorations, sold as scrap metal or to avoid obeying the law by claiming later the sign was not there.
Sometimes considered to be a prank by the perpetrators, the theft is often costly and inconvenient (and can possibly be dangerous) for the municipality or agency that owns the sign.
If, however, the theft leads to an injury, then the thieves may be found criminally liable for the injury as well, provided that an injury of that sort was a foreseeable consequence of such a theft.
In one notable United States case, three people were found guilty of manslaughter for stealing a stop sign and thereby causing a deadly collision.
For route markers or mile markers that contain numbers with suggestive meanings, such as 69, 420, or 666, the number may be changed to avoid sign theft.
Selected Ambient Works Volume II is the second studio album by Aphex Twin, the pseudonym of British electronic musician Richard D. James.
The 22nd track features a conversation of an interview with a woman who had murdered her husband, which was given to James' friends from the police station while working as a cleaner there.
The front cover is the result of James scratching the Aphex Twin logo onto the back of a leather travel case, which Sam took a picture of.
The timecodes of a track would be converted into a decimal, then into the percentage of the total length of the side of the record the track is on, and then into a degree to be used on the pie chart.
All six pie charts were colour-coded, and those colours are used throughout the artwork, including the textless CD and vinyl labels.
The album charted in the United Kingdom on 19 March 1994 where it debuted and peaked at the 11th position on the charts.
The album was re-issued on vinyl by 1972 Records on 6 March 2012, though the master was made from a US CD copy (see tracklist for details).
List member Greg Eden, who kept a detailed discography, gave the tracks names based on a word or two that related to the corresponding images.
After it sinks an oil tanker and attacks Dr. Toru Yano and his young son Ken Yano, scarring the doctor, Hedorah's toxic existence is revealed to the public.
During the fight, however, several pieces of its new body are flung nearby, which then crawl back into the sea to grow anew and allow the monster to become even more powerful.
It returns shortly thereafter in a flying saucer-like shape and demonstrating newer, even deadlier forms which it can switch between at will.
Dr. Toru Yano and his wife Toshie Yano has determined that drying out Hedorah's body may destroy the otherwise unkillable monster.
The JSDF swiftly constructs two gigantic electrodes for this purpose, but their power is cut off by Godzilla and Hedorah's violent battle.
Hedorah sheds this outer body and takes flight to escape, but Godzilla propels itself through the air with its atomic heat ray to give chase.
Banno was only given 35 days to shoot the film and only had one team available to shoot both the drama and monster effects scenes.
Doctors were forced to perform the appendectomy while he was still wearing the Hedorah suit, due to the length of time it took to take off.
This version was rated 'G' by the MPAA, and the same version was given an 'A' certificate by the BBFC for its UK theatrical release in 1975.
According to the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 64% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 5.31/10.
The film was released on VHS by Orion Pictures in 1989 and on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on October 19, 2004.
In 2019, the Japanese version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
Although who the new director would have been is unknown, but Jun Fukuda seems the most likely candidate, considering that he would step up to direct the next three Godzilla films.
In 2014, in an interview with Banno, he had stated that he read a Godzilla film history book from the US and that he was surprised to read that the next film would take place in Africa and that Tanaka had said that he had banned him from his director position.
The School Board for London (known colloquially as the London School Board and often abbreviated to the LSB) was an institution of local government and the first directly elected body covering the whole of London.
It created elected school boards, which had power to build and run schools where there were insufficient voluntary school places; they could also compel attendance.
In most places, the school boards were based on borough districts or civil parishes, but in London the board covered the whole area of the Metropolitan Board of Works – the area today known as Inner London.
Between 1870 and 1904, the LSB was the single largest educational provider in London and the infrastructure and policies it developed were an important influence on London schooling long after the body was abolished.
The LSB originally consisted of forty-nine members elected from ten divisions, based around London's constituencies or the Districts formed under the Metropolis Management Act 1855.
The membership increased over time: to 50 in 1876 when Lambeth was given an extra member, to 51 in 1882 when the representation of Chelsea increased to five members and to 55 in 1885 when Lambeth was sub-divided into two smaller divisions: Lambeth East and Lambeth West with four and six members respectively.
Firstly, the board's election of 1870 was polled by secret ballot, being the first large-scale election to use this approach in Britain.
Secondly, the cumulative voting system gave electors a number of votes equal to the number of seats in the division in which they were voting.
The elector could use up as many of their votes on a single candidate as they wished, which meant that minority interests often found representation.
Unusually, women were permitted to vote on the same terms as men for the school boards and also to stand for election.
Three women stood in the first board election in 1870: Elizabeth Garrett, who topped the poll, Emily Davies, who also won election, and Maria Georgina Grey.
When the second elections were held, in 1873, Garrett and Davies stood down, to be replaced by Jane Agnes Chessar and Alice Cowell, while in 1876, Florence Fenwick Miller, Elizabeth Surr, Helen Taylor and Alice Westlake all won election.
One measure of the LSB's importance can be seen in the number of notable figures who stood for election to the board.
The board attracted a number of the leading figures of the day, including the scientist Thomas Huxley, Helen Taylor, stepdaughter of John Stuart Mill, and Lord Lawrence, who served as the LSB's first chairman.
The board was also responsible for launching a number of political careers, including those of Charles Reed, Benjamin Waugh, and the Conservative cabinet minister, William Henry Smith.
The original intention of the board was to provide a sufficient number of school places for the poorest children in London, which were originally estimated at little more than 100,000.
The policy adopted by the LSB was to provide London with modern, high-quality schools, whilst compelling parents, by law, to educate their children.
Although education would not be compulsory on a national level until 1880, the board passed a by-law in 1871 that compelled parents to have their children schooled between the ages of five and thirteen.
This growth was frequently attributed to the quality of school premises, which were often far superior to those of private or charity schools.
The board's policy was to construct schools which would be attractive, and would serve to improve the general appearance of the districts in which they were constructed.
Although school board architecture drew a considerable amount of criticism at the time, the schools were often sturdy and practical structures, and many schools constructed during this period are still in use.
Although the school boards had been largely successful in increasing the number of children attending school in Britain, they were perceived as bureaucratic and expensive.
As a response to this, the boards were abolished by the Education Act of 1902, which replaced them with local education authorities.
In London, the London County Council had been created in 1889 to replace the Metropolitan Board of Works and in 1904 the responsibility for education in London was transferred to the LCC.
The LCC itself was abolished in 1965, with education for the former School Board area passing to the Inner London Education Authority, a committee of the Greater London Council.
He returned to Noir Désir after his release from prison in 2007, playing with the group until it disbanded in 2010.
In 1997, Cantat married Krisztina Rády, an arts director of Hungarian descent, with whom he had two children; Milo, born in 1998, and Alice, born in 2003.
On 26 July of that year, Cantat and Trintignant got in a fight in a hotel room in Vilnius, Lithuania, following a dispute over a text message.
Seven hours later, Trintignant's brother called emergency services to go to the couple's Lithuanian hotel room, as Trintignant had slipped into a deep coma.
French medical experts at the hearing confirmed Cantat's claim regarding the slapping, as well as his claim that he could not tell that Trintignant was dying.
His spouse and his two children initially were supposed to be in the house at that time, but were in Bordeaux, instead.
The verdict was at first appealed by Marie Trintignant's family, who believed that her killing warranted a harsher sentence, and later by Cantat himself, who wanted the higher court to reclassify his crime as manslaughter, and therefore lessen his sentence.
At the request of his lawyers, Cantat was moved from a Lithuanian prison to a prison near Muret, France, September 2004.
According to French law, after half of a prison sentence has been served, a criminal with good behavior can be released to serve the rest of his sentence on parole.
His early release aroused the anger of women's rights activists and the victim's parents, who had failed to persuade French President Nicolas Sarkozy and French judges to block his early release.
The physical abuse she complained of on the answering machine is that he threw some objects at her, but she never mentioned that he was assaulting her.
In October 2010, three months after his probational status of release was lifted and his sentence declared completed, Cantat resumed his musical career with a gig in Bordeaux.
Politicians proposed to ban Cantat's entry into the country, as Canada's immigration legislation bars from entry anyone convicted abroad of a crime which is punishable in Canada by a maximum term of at least 10 years in prison, until at least five years have passed since the end of the complete sentence handed down.
Cantat had been sentenced to eight years in jail in Lithuania in 2004, was freed in 2007 after serving half his term.
The film stars Tomonori Yazaki, Kenji Sahara, and Hideyo Amamoto, with special effects by Honda and Teruyoshi Nakano, and features Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla, Marchan the Dwarf as Minilla, and Yasuhiko Kakuyuki as Gabara.
Ichiro is then chased by a rogue Kamacuras and falls into a deep cave, but luckily avoids being caught by Kamacuras.
After finding some souvenirs (tubes, a headset, and a wallet with someone's license), Ichiro leaves the factory after hearing some sirens close by.
After Ichiro leaves, two bank robbers who were hiding out in the factory learn that Ichiro has found one of their driver's licenses and follow him in order to kidnap him.
Then in the middle of Godzilla's fights, Gabara appears and Minilla is forced to battle it, and after a short and one-sided battle, Minilla runs away in fear.
However, Ichiro is woken up this time by the bank robbers and is taken hostage as a means of protection from the authorities.
Out of fear and being watched by the thieves, Ichiro calls for Minilla's help and falls asleep again where he witnesses Minilla being beaten up by Gabara again.
Finally, Ichiro helps Minilla fight back at Gabara and eventually, Minilla wins, catapulting the bully through the air by a seesaw-like log.
Godzilla, who was in the area watching comes to congratulate Minilla for its victory but is ambushed by a vengeful Gabara.
Now from his experiences in his dreams, Ichiro learns how to face his fears and fight back, gaining the courage to outwit the thieves just in time for the police, called by Shinpei, to arrive and arrest them.
The next day, Ichiro stands up to Sanko and his gang and wins, regaining his pride and confidence in the process.
Director Ishirō Honda not only directed the drama scenes but the special effects scenes as well, with assistance from Teruyoshi Nakano, who was a first assistant special effects director at the time.
A small studio was used for the production, where both the special effects and drama scenes were filmed (usually the two were filmed in separate studios).
In 2019, the Japanese version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the series' Shōwa era.
At age nine, he and his family (brother Elliot and sister Debra Lynne) moved to Valley Stream, New York where he attended Memorial Junior High and graduated from Valley Stream Central High School.
In this episode, a pair of sibling scientists show that warp drive propulsion is harming the very fabric of space -- an implied metaphor for global climate change (which is mentioned explicitly in the episode's final scene).
These siblings contend that sustained warp drive is destroying the fabric of space near their homeworld, and will eventually destroy their planet.
Later, the Federation Council issues a new directive limiting all Federation vessels to a speed of warp five except in extreme emergencies.
Worf asserts that the Klingon Empire will agree to the limitations, but it is uncertain whether the Romulan Star Empire, Ferengi Alliance, and Cardassian Union would also follow suit.
Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected.
This is as opposed to closed list, which allows only active members, party officials, or consultants to determine the order of its candidates and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list.
The total number of seats won by the party minus the number of its candidates that achieved this quota gives the number of unfilled seats.
It is then (theoretically) possible that more of a party's candidates achieve this quota than the total seats won by the party.
This means that #5 is not elected even though being the fifth on the list and having more preference votes than #2.
In practice, at the national level only one or two candidates succeed to precede on their lists as 25% of the national quota means a huge number of votes.
This solves the problem of major party figures being prevented from taking office, yet still allows the vast majority of party candidates' order on the party list to be decided by the voters.
The members of the National Council are elected by open list proportional representation in nine multi-member constituencies based on the states (with varying in size from 7 to 36 seats) and 39 sub-constituencies.
Voters are able to cast a party vote and one preference votes on each the federal, state and electoral district level for their preferred candidates within that party.
The thresholds for a candidate to move up the list are 7% of the candidate's party result on the federal level, 10% on the state level and 14% on the electoral district level.
Candidates for sub-constituency level are listed on the ballot while voters need to write-in their preferred candidate on state and federal level.
In Croatia, the voter can give their vote to a single candidate on the list, but only candidates who have received at least 10% of the party's votes take precedence over the other candidates on the list.
If a candidate has at least 25% of the quota then he/she takes priority over the party's other candidates who stand higher on the party list but received fewer preference votes.
Most people vote for the top candidate, to indicate no special preference for any individual candidate, but support for the party in general.
If a candidate gathers enough preference votes, then they get a seat in parliament, even if their position on the list would leave them without a seat.
In the 2003 elections Hilbrand Nawijn, the former minister of migration and integration was elected into parliament for the Pim Fortuyn List by preference votes even though he was the last candidate on the list.
Candidates who are selected by more than 3% of the party's voters are elected (in order of total number of votes) first and only then is the party ordering used.
For European elections, voters select two candidates and the candidates must have more than 10% of the total votes to override the party list.
In Sweden, the 'most open' list is used, but a person needs to receive 5% of the party's votes for the personal vote to overrule the ordering on the party list.
Voting without expressing a preference between individuals is possible, although the parties urge their voters to support the party's prime candidate, to protect them from being beaten by someone ranked lower by the party.
Since 2001, lists of this 'most open' type have also used in the elections to fill the 96 proportional seats in the 242-member upper house of Japan (the other 146 are elected through a majoritarian, SNTV/FPTP system).
A 'free list', more usually called panachage, is similar in principle to the most open list, but instead of having just one vote for one candidate in one list, an elector has (usually) as many votes as there are seats to be filled, and may distribute these among different candidates in different lists.
Electors may also give more votes to one candidate, in a manner similar to cumulative voting, and delete ( or , ) the names of some candidates.
It is used in elections at all levels in Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Switzerland, in congressional elections in Ecuador, El Salvador, and Honduras, as well as in local elections in a majority of German states and in French communes with under 1,000 inhabitants.
For example, open list may decide only upper house legislative elections while another electoral system is used for lower house elections.
He is often referred to in English as Pompey Strabo, to distinguish him from his son, the famous Pompey the Great, or from Strabo the geographer.
He lived in the Roman Republic and was born and raised into a noble family in Picenum (in the south and the north of the modern regions of Marche and Abruzzo respectively) in Central Italy, on the Adriatic Coast.
The Pompeii had become the richest and most prominent family of the region and had a large clientele and a lot of influence in Picenum and Rome.
Despite Strabo's provincial roots, he and his family were Roman citizens and therefore took up Rome's cause during the Civil War the Republic had to fight with its Italian Allies.
In 90 BC, while marching his legions south through Picentum, he was suddenly attacked by a large force of Picentes, Vestini and Marsi.
Eventually he found himself blockaded in Picenum, but in the Autumn of 90 he launched two sorties that successfully caught his enemies in a pincer.
Through his successful counter-offensive he became very popular and he used his fame to get elected as one of the consuls for 89 BC, his consular partner being Lucius Porcius Cato.
Strabo's consular colleague Lucius Porcius Cato engaged the Marsi in battle near Fucine Lake (close to Alba Fucensis), he died in an attempt to storm the enemy camp; this left Strabo as sole consul.
At the end of his term as consul, Strabo apparently sought a second immediate consulship for the year 88 BC – an act that was not illegal, as the case of Gaius Marius demonstrates in the late second century, but highly irregular nonetheless.
He remained in Picenum until 87 BC, when he responded to the Senate's request for help against Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna who were also marching their forces on Rome.
Strabo took his army to Rome; he did, however, not decisively commit to either side, instead playing both against the other.
When negotiations with the Cinna-Marian faction fell through he did, however, attack Quintus Sertorius, one of Cinna's commanders, who was positioned north of the city, but the attack was without success.
His avarice and cruelty had made him hated by the soldiers to such a degree that they tore his corpse from the bier and dragged it through the streets.
He had at least two children: a son, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey the Great, who married Julia (the daughter of dictator Gaius Julius Caesar) as his fourth wife; and a daughter called Pompeia.
The monster eventually leaves, but the Controller states that King Ghidorah has been attacking repeatedly, forcing them to live underground in constant fear.
He requests to borrow the Earth monsters Godzilla and Rodan to act as protectors to fight it once more (since 1964), in return for the cure for cancer (the English dub says that the formula can cure any disease).
The tape is played for the world's leaders, but instead it contains an ultimatum demanding that they surrender Earth to the Xiliens or be destroyed by Godzilla, Rodan and King Ghidorah, who are all under the aliens' mental control.
Her commander arrives to arrest Glenn and executes Namikawa for letting emotion cloud her judgment, but not before she slips a note into Glenn's pocket.
All three topple off a cliff; King Ghidorah flies away into outer space, while those watching speculate that Godzilla and Rodan are probably still alive.
Sakurai states that he wants to send Glenn and Fuji back to Planet X to study the planet thoroughly (the English dub says that they are to be ambassadors).
In the mid-1960s, United Productions of America (UPA) asked American producer Henry G. Saperstein to acquire high quality monster movies to distribute in North America.
Saperstein has claimed to have provided 50 percent of the funding to the three monster movie co-productions he made with Toho.
We could fool the audience for a little while, but eventually they would know the trick and stop coming to see the shows.
Co-producer Henry G. Saperstein commissioned an English dub from Glen Glenn Sound, a Los Angeles-based company, for the film's American release.
Regarding the time it took for the film to be released in the United States, Saperstein stated that Toho did not always want to release a film quickly for international release and that he had a lot of technical work to be done on the film.
This release included the remastered, widescreen versions of the Japanese and American versions, as well as image galleries, poster slideshows, original trailers, a biography on Tomoyuki Tanaka, and an audio commentary by historian Stuart Galbraith IV.
In 2017, Janus Films and the Criterion Collection acquired the film, as well as other Godzilla titles, to stream on Starz and FilmStruck.
In 2019, the Japanese version and export English version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
Lieutenant Commanders Geordi La Forge (LeVar Burton) and Data suggest injecting plasma into the core to restore it to its molten state.
After the other members of the briefing depart, Juliana reveals herself to be the former wife of Data's creator, Noonien Soong.
Data conducts his own research into Juliana's story and finds evidence to circumstantially support her claims and decides to accept her as his mother while he learns more.
As they begin the plasma infusion, Juliana tells Data and La Forge a story about Data's trouble with learning to keep his clothes on.
She admits that she was against Data being created due to the problems with Lore and confesses that she forced Noonien to leave Data behind when the Crystalline Entity attacked, fearing he would awaken to become like Lore.
Data activates the chip in the holodeck and sees his father, Dr. Soong, who created the interactive holo-program to answer questions about the Juliana android.
Soong explains that his wife once was a real human, but was mortally wounded as a result of the Crystalline Entity's attack.
She later chose to leave Soong and he let her go (after installing the chip), sadly admitting that the real Juliana would have left him too.
He tells her that she fell from the cliff and broke her arm, but Dr. Crusher has repaired it, and everything is fine.
Police Detective Shindo is assigned to guard Princess Selina Salno of Selgina during the Princess' visit to Japan, due to a suspected assassination plot.
At the same time, a meteorite shower draws the attention of Professor Murai, who, along with his team of scientists, strikes out into the wilderness to examine the largest of the meteors, which has magnetic properties.
To Shindo's surprise, Selina turns up in Japan, without her royal garb, claiming to be from the planet Venus and preaching to skeptical crowds of forthcoming disaster.
In the meantime, Selina's uncle, who was behind the assassination attempt, learns of her survival and sends his best assassin to Japan to dispatch the Princess.
The assassin and his henchmen are stopped by Shindo, who was warned of their attempt by the Shobijin, Mothra's twin fairies.
The Shobijin had been scheduled to return to Infant Island aboard the ship sunk by Godzilla but opted not to go after overhearing Selina's prophecy.
A further attempt by the assassins is thwarted when both Godzilla and Rodan attack the city and engage in battle, forcing everyone to flee.
Convinced that Selina is insane, Shindo takes the Princess to see a renowned psychiatrist, Dr. Tsukamoto, in the hopes of curing her.
As if emboldened by the doctor's diagnosis, Selina reveals her final prophecy—that Venus's once thriving civilization was destroyed by an evil golden three-headed space dragon named King Ghidorah, and furthermore that Ghidorah itself has already arrived on Earth.
The meteor Professor Murai and his colleagues are studying cracks open, revealing Ghidorah in a fiery explosion and the dragon proceeds to raze the countryside.
To combat the combined threats of the three monsters, the Japanese government enlists the aid of the Shobijin to summon the sole surviving Mothra larva (which once fought Godzilla in 1964).
Once arriving on the Japanese mainland, Mothra attempts to persuade the quarrelling Godzilla and Rodan to team up against Ghidorah but both refuse.
Meanwhile, Shindo and Dr. Tsukamoto are forced to protect Princess Selina as the assassins converge on Tsukamoto's clinic; they manage to fend off the killers and escape into the mountains as the duelling monsters draw closer.
With the heroes thus saved from the human menace, they gather at a safe distance to watch the battle between Earth's monsters and Ghidorah.
Selina, having retained the memories of her time with Shindo, bids farewell to her guardian as she meets her bodyguards at the airport to return home.
To promote the film in the United States, Ghidorah masks were created as promotional tie-ins with local super markets and radio stations.
This release included the remastered, widescreen versions of the Japanese and American versions, as well as a biography on Eiji Tsuburaya, image galleries, promotional material, and an audio commentary by David Kalat.
In 2017, Janus Films and the Criterion Collection acquired the film, as well as other Godzilla titles, to stream on Starz and FilmStruck.
In 2019, the Japanese version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
Honda directly intended for the film to be meant for children in addition to adults, as a way to compete with television's growing popularity in Japan.
If the egg hatches, the larva (though they have no quarrel with humans) will still cause great damage looking for food.
The three of them return to Kurada Beach, to determine if there is any more radioactive contamination; and, knowing it cannot be Mothra, try to find what the source might be.
They soon find it: Godzilla, who had been washed up onto Kurada Beach and buried under mud by the hurricane after his absence since his clash with King Kong, had suddenly emerges and begins to attack Nagoya.
He noted the film raises philosophical questions about unity and humanity's will to put aside their differences for the greater good.
For Mothra, a new prop was built, similar to the 1961 prop, with Y-shaped braced attached to the back that allowed the wings to flap.
When the web was shot off-screen, it was poured onto a cup stationed at the center of a heavy industrial fan.
To shoot the webs out of the larva's mouth, a canister of compressed air was run into a sealed tube of liquid polystyrene.
At a high pressure level, the liquid polystyrene was forced through a tube that ran through the back of the larva and into the nozzle installed on the mouth.
Gasoline had to be used to remove the webbing and to prevent the suit from combusting, it had to be thoroughly dried.
The larva movements were designed by Soujiro Iijima by using a conveyor belt with rotating gears that allowed the bodies to move up and down.
For the scenes with the Fairies, oversized furniture were built eight times their size to make the Fairies appear to look 30 centimeters.
Honda had originally intended to depict the wasteland part of Infant Island with more realism and graphic imagery but this idea was dropped due to budgetary issues with the art department.
Nakajima attempted to salvage the shot by having Godzilla appear enraged by the Castle's strong fortification, however, the model was rebuilt to crumble more easily, with the scene having to be re-shot.
For the scene with Mothra dragging Godzilla by the tail, the Godzilla suit was used for medium shots and a prop used for long shots.
For the scenes with Godzilla near the cliff face, part of the set's support structure was hidden by using matte painting.
For the scene where Godzilla destroys the incubator, the scene proved difficult for Nakajima and the wire staff, which required coordination.
Close ups of the tail were done with a prop that was operated by two people due to the heavy weight of the tail.
The scene with Godzilla thrashing from the nets was shot with different cameras at once and as a result, the same scene plays over from different angles.
The American version of the film received only a few minor adjustments: shortening the twin fairies' song on Infant Island and a scene where Sakai, Junko Miura and Makamura wave goodbye to the Mothras swimming home.
Removed scenes include Kumayama hanging out leaflets to attract visitors to the giant egg incubator and where Torahata shoots Kumayama in a hotel room.
In 2007, Classic Media and Sony BMG Home Entertainment released both the Japanese and American versions on DVD in North America.
In 2019, the Japanese version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
Ryfle praised the English dubbing for the American version, feeling that it's one of the reasons why the film is considered amongst the best Godzilla films.
To reflect this, it changed its name to Fleet Financial Group in 1982, with the banking subsidiary becoming Fleet National Bank.
It then began an aggressive buying spree of banks outside Rhode Island, most notably the Bank of New England in 1991.
The bank continued to operate as Norstar in New York until 1992, when the company readopted the Fleet Financial Group name.
Fleet was already one of the three largest banks in New England, together with Shawmut National Corporation and its largest affiliate Shawmut Bank, and Bank of Boston.
Although Fleet was the surviving company, the merged bank was based at Shawmut's old headquarters at One Federal Street in Boston.
As a result of the merger with Shawmut, Fleet acquired the naming rights to the newly built Shawmut Center, a sports arena that was to replace the old Boston Garden.
After FleetBoston's sale to Bank of America in 2004, the bank chose to give up its naming rights and an announcement was made on March 3, 2005 that the arena would be renamed TD Banknorth Garden (now simply the TD Garden).
It is home to the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association and the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League.
Fleet's biggest merger came in 1999, when it acquired BankBoston (which was itself the fruit of a 1996 merger between Bank of Boston and BayBank).
The new FleetBoston was the culmination of a series of Boston-area bank mergers that combined several smaller banks into a single large institution.
In 2000, it acquired New Jersey-based Summit Bancorp (which was actually United Jersey Bank (aka UJB Financial), which had acquired Summit back in 1996).
The same year, it sold 278 of its New England branches to Sovereign Bank as a part of the divestiture plan required by regulators to allow the 1999 acquisition of BankBoston.
When Bank of America acquired Fleet in 2004, its overall Customer Satisfaction Index (as measured by the University of Michigan), was lowered from 74 to 72.
Bank of America devoted considerable resources to improving its New England branches' reputation for customer service, establishing customer call centers and hiring more tellers per branch.
The Space Interferometry Mission, or SIM, also known as SIM Lite (formerly known as SIM PlanetQuest), was a planned space telescope proposed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in conjunction with contractor Northrop Grumman.
One of the main goals of the mission was the hunt for Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of nearby stars other than the Sun.
Other important tasks would have included collecting data to help pinpoint stellar masses for specific types of stars, assisting in the determination of the spatial distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way and in the local group of galaxies and using the gravitational microlensing effect to measure the mass of stars.
Work on the SIM project required scientists and engineers to move through eight specific new technology milestones, and by November 2006, all eight had been completed.
As of February 2007, many of the engineers working on the SIM program had moved on to other areas and projects, and NASA directed the project to allocate its resources toward engineering risk reduction.
In 2007, the Congress restored funding for fiscal year 2008 as part of an omnibus appropriations bill which the President later signed.
In 2009 the project continued its risk reduction work while waiting for the findings and recommendations of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Astro2010, performed by the National Academy of Sciences, which would determine the project's future.
In 2010, the Astro2010 Decadal Report was released and did not recommend that NASA continue the development of the SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory.
This prompted NASA Astronomy and Physics Director, Jon Morse, to issue a letter on 24 September 2010 to the SIM Lite project manager, informing him that NASA was discontinuing its sponsorship of the SIM Lite mission and directing the project to discontinue Phase B activities immediately or as soon as practical.
SIM Lite would have operated in an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit, drifting away from Earth at the rate of 0.1 AU per year ultimately reaching a distance of 82 million km from Earth.
The Sun would have continuously shone on the spacecraft, allowing it to avoid the occultations of target stars and eclipses of the Sun that would occur in an Earth orbit.
The spacecraft would have accomplished this task to an accuracy of one millionth of an arcsecond, or the thickness of a nickel viewed at the distance from Earth to the Moon.
A flexible search strategy tunes SIM Lite's mass sensitivity at each star to a desired level in the habitable planet search.
The value of η (Eta_Earth), the fraction of stars carrying Earth-analog planets, will be estimated by the Kepler Mission some time before SIM Lite launches.
The Broad Survey would have looked at approximately 1,500 stars to help determine the abundance of Neptune-mass and larger planets around all star-types in Earth's sector of the Milky Way.
This portion of the planet hunt was designed to study systems with one or more Jupiter mass planets before the system has reached long term equilibrium.
Planet hunting techniques using a star's radial velocity cannot measure the regular, tiny to-and-fro wobble motions induced by planets against the strong atmospheric activity of a youthful star.
It is through the techniques pioneered by Albert A. Michelson that the SIM would have been able to execute its three primary planet-finding missions.
The mission's planet finding component was set up to serve as an important complement to the future missions designed to image and measure terrestrial and other exoplanets.
Another task that the SIM was envisioned to perform for the future missions will include providing the orbital characteristics of the planets.
With this knowledge other missions can estimate the optimal times and projected star–planet separation angles for them to observe the terrestrial (and other) planets SIM has detected.
Objects that are too small lack the internal pressure to initiate thermonuclear fusion, which is what causes a star to shine.
Through this technique, SIM will be able to output accurate masses for representative examples for nearly every star type, including brown dwarfs, hot white dwarfs, red giant stars, and elusive black holes.
Estimates put the range for stellar mass somewhere between 8% the mass of the Sun and in excess of 60 times the mass of the Sun.
Interferometric measurements of stellar positions over the course of the mission would have permitted SIM to precisely measure the distances between stars throughout the Milky Way.
Currently, astronomers know little about the shape and size of our galaxy relative to what they know about other galaxies; it is difficult to observe the entire Milky Way from the inside.
Steven Majewski and his team planned to use SIM Lite to help determine not only the shape and size of the Galaxy but also the distribution of its mass and the motion of its stars.
SIM Lite measurements of Milky Way stars were to yield data to understand four topics: fundamental galactic parameters, the Oort Limit, disk mass potential, and mass of the Galaxy to large radii.
The first, fundamental galactic parameters, was aimed at answering key questions about the size, shape and the rotation rate of the Milky Way.
The results of the third topic of study were to be combined with the results of the fundamental galactic parameters portion of the study to determine the Solar System's position and velocity in the galaxy.
SIM data was to be used to create a three-dimensional model of mass distribution in the Galaxy, out to a radius of 270 kiloparsecs (kps).
Because of the gravitational effect it exerts on stars and galaxies, scientists know that approximately 80% of the matter in the universe is dark matter.
The spatial distribution of dark matter in the universe is largely unknown; SIM Lite would have helped scientists answer to this question.
Galaxies rotate much faster than the amount of visible matter suggests they should; the gravity from the ordinary matter is not enough to hold the galaxy together.
Similarly, clusters of galaxies do not appear to have enough visible matter to gravitationally balance the high speed motions of their component galaxies.
Besides measuring stellar motions within the Milky Way, SIM Lite was to measure the internal and average galactic motion of some of the neighboring galaxies near the Milky Way.
The telescope's measurements were to be used in conjunction with other, currently available, data to provide astronomers with the first total mass measurements of individual galaxies.
These numbers would enable scientists to estimate the spatial distribution of dark matter in the local group of galaxies, and by extension, throughout the universe.
In 1998, TRW Inc. was selected as the contractor for the SIM Lite project; Northrup Grumman acquired part of TRW in 2002 and took over the contract.
The two contracts, which included the mission formulation and implementation phases, were announced in September 1998 and worth a total of over US$200 million.
At the time of the NASA announcement, launch was scheduled for 2005 and the mission was part of the Origins Program, a series of missions designed to answer questions such as the origin of life Earth.
In August 2000, NASA asked project managers to consider looking at the Space Shuttle, instead of the previously proposed EELV, as a launch vehicle.
At the time of this NASA announcement launch was scheduled for 2009 and the mission was still part of the Origins Program.
SIM's new technology was meant to lead to the development of telescopes powerful enough to take images of Earth-like extrasolar planets orbiting distant stars and to determine whether those planets are able to sustain life.
The technological development phase of the mission was completed in November 2006 with the announcement that the eight, mission-technology-milestones set by NASA were reached.
The completion of each milestone meant that new systems had to be developed for nanometer control as well as picometer knowledge technology; these systems enable the telescope to make its accurate measurements with extreme accuracy.
The fifth of the technology milestones required the demonstration of the Microarcsecond [Metrology Testbed at a performance of 3,200 picometers over its wide angle field of view.
Another key development, known as gridless narrow-angle astrometry (GNAA), was the ability to apply the measurement capability worked out in the wide angle milestone and take it a step further, into narrow-angle measurements.
Aiming to give an accuracy of 1 micro-arcsecond to the early stages of the SIM, the technique allows star positions to be measured without first setting up a grid of reference stars; instead, it sets up a reference frame using several reference stars and a target star observed from different locations, and star positions are calculated using delay measurements from separate observations.
The narrow angle field was to be used by SIM to detect terrestrial planets; the team applied the same criteria to both the narrow and wide angle measurements.
The final requirement before beginning work on flight controls was to make sure that all of the systems developed for the mission worked cohesively; this final NASA technology goal was completed last as it was dependent upon the others.
Phase B further develops the mission concept developed during Phase A to prepare the project for entry into the Implementation Phase of the project.
In addition, as part of Phase B, the SIM Lite project was to go through a number of reviews by NASA including System Requirements Review, System Design Review, and Non-Advocate Review.
By 2000, the launch date had been delayed until 2009, a date that held through 2003; though some project scientists cited 2008 in late 2000.
Between 2004 and 2006, contractor Northrop Grumman, the company designing and developing SIM, listed a launch date of 2011 on their website.
With the release of the FY 2007 NASA budget, predictions changed again, this time to a date no earlier than 2015 or 2016.
The 2007 change represented a difference of about three years from the 2006 launch date, outlined in NASA's FY 2006 budget as being two years behind 2005 budget predictions.
Other groups predicted dates matching officially predicted launch dates; the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (formerly the Michelson Science Center) at the California Institute of Technology also set the date at 2015.
When originally approved in 1996, the mission was given a $700 million cap (in 1996 dollars) which included launch costs and five years of operation.
The following years will have cuts of $155.2 million in 2009 and $172.5 million in 2010, compared to the 2006 request.
In 2006, the mission received $117 million, an increase of $8.1 million over the previous year, but 2007 cuts amounted to $47.9 million less for the SIM program.
In 2008, $128.7 million of the $223.9 million estimated to be cut from the Exoplanet Program budget would come from the SIM Lite mission.
After an additional $51.9 million decrease in FY 2009, the program was reduced to $6 million in FY 2010 supplemented by substantial carryover from the previous year while awaiting the results of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Astro2010.
By February 2007 many of the budget cuts outlined in the FY 2007 budget were already being felt within the project.
Optical interferometry, which has matured within the last two decades, combines the light of multiple telescopes so that precise measurements can be made, akin to what might be accomplished with a single, much larger telescope.
At radio wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, interferometry has been used for more than 50 years to measure the structure of distant galaxies.
SIM was to be composed of one science interferometer (50 cm collectors, 6 m separation [baseline]), a guide interferometer (30 cm collectors, 4.2 m baseline), and a guide telescope (30 cm aperture).
The spacecraft's operational limiting magnitude would have gone down to 20 at 20 millionths of an arcsecond (μas) and its planet-finding, astrometric accuracy of 1.12 µas is for single measurements.
SIM's design since 2000 consisted of two light collectors (strictly speaking, they are Mersenne telescopes) mounted on opposite ends of a six-meter structure.
The observatory would have been able to measure the small wobbles in stars and detect the planets causing them down to one Earth mass at distances up to 33 light years (10 parsecs) from the Sun.
Two pilots named Shoichi Tsukioka and Koji Kobayashi are hunting for schools of fish for a tuna cannery company in Osaka.
Tsukioka lands to pickup Kobayashi and the two encounter Godzilla and a quadruped monster, who fall off a cliff into the ocean.
Tsukioka and Kobayashi report to the authorities in Osaka, and find out that the quadruped is an ankylosaurus called Anguirus, whose species had an ancient rivalry with Godzilla's species.
Dr. Kyohei Yamane, who experienced Godzilla's attack in 1954, confirms that this Godzilla is a second member of the same species, and that both monsters were likely reanimated by hydrogen bomb tests.
The convicts hijack the truck and after a lengthy chase with the police, the truck crashes into an industrial building and starts a massive fire.
During a company party, Tsukioka and Hidemi, who came to visit, and Kobayashi are notified that Godzilla destroyed one of the company fishing boats.
During the party, Mori instructed producer Tomoyuki Tanaka to produce a sequel, due to Mori being pleased with the box office results for the first film.
Screenwriter Takeo Murata originally wanted to show a scene of chaos and looting in the middle of the monster battle, but time and budget limitations forced him to drop this idea.
Despite the error, effects director Eiji Tsuburaya felt the slow speed footage was usable and since then, used different camera speeds for different scenes.
Some Japanese publications identified Yoichi Manoda as the cameraman who accidentally left the third camera on slow speed, while others identified Koichi Takano as the culprit.
Nakajima and Tezuka were able to move in the suits more fluidly due to the suits being made from lighter materials, as well as casting them from plaster molds to fit the suit performers' physiques.
A motor was built into the head to move the eyes and mouth, with the batteries built at the base of the tail.
The effects crew hid this by placing trees, buildings, and other obstacles in the foreground and filming from certain angles that hid the hind legs.
Due to heavy construction, the model failed to collapse even when the suit performers rammed into it as the crew members pulled the wires.
For the opening scene, Nakajima and Tezuka were required to be in the suits as they plummeted into the water in order to avoid having the suits float upon impact.
A Godzilla prop equipped with a wind up motor was built to walk during the ice island scenes, however, the prop malfunctioned and was filmed in a stationary station instead.
Several shots of Godzilla reacting to the ice canyon explosions were filmed outdoors in order to avoid filming the roof of the studio set.
Melchior and Watson spent hours watching the Japanese version on a Moviola to build an American story around the footage and to note down footage of the monsters, military mobilization, crowds fleeing, and jets flying and attacking.
The duo completed a 129 paged script, dated May 7, 1957, with instructions for the editor of where the Japanese footage was to be used.
All shots of Godzilla using his atomic breath were eliminated, to be replaced with new footage of Godzilla swiping his claws at jets.
Toho approved of the idea and shipped suits for Godzilla and Anguirus to Hollywood so the filmmakers could shoot additional scenes.
Rybnick and Barison initially struck a deal with AB-PT Pictures Corp. to co-finance the film but the company closed shop in 1957.
The film was dubbed at Ryder Sound Services in New York and featured the voice talents of Keye Luke, Paul Frees, and George Takei.
According to the deal, Foreman agreed to show both films in all of his theatres while Warner Bros. would distribute the films to other theatres and were given the American and Latin American theatrical rights to both films for four years.
Ryfle noted the scene of Hidemi gazing at the flames of Osaka strikes parallels with the imagery of a mushroom cloud.
In 2007, Classic Media and Sony BMG Home Entertainment released both the Japanese and American versions on DVD in North America.
In 2019, the Japanese version was included as part of a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.
It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the suicide of Kurt Cobain.
Smear's departure followed soon afterward, though he would appear as a guest with the band frequently starting in 2006, and would rejoin as an official full-time member in 2011.
Grohl received offers to work with various artists; press rumors indicated he might be joining Pearl Jam, and he almost accepted a permanent position as drummer in Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.
Ultimately, Grohl declined and instead entered Robert Lang Studios in October 1994 to record fifteen of the forty songs he had written.
Grohl completed an album's worth of material in five days and handed out cassette copies of the sessions to his friends for feedback.
Having heard about the disbanding of Seattle-based rock band Sunny Day Real Estate, Grohl drafted the group's bass player, Nate Mendel, and drummer, William Goldsmith.
Foo Fighters made its live public debut on February 23, 1995, at the Jambalaya Club in Arcata, California, and then March 3 at The Satyricon in Portland.
The show on March 3 had been part of a benefit gig to aid the finances of the investigation into the rape and murder of The Gits singer Mia Zapata.
After touring through the spring of 1996, Foo Fighters entered Bear Creek Studio in Woodinville, Washington, with producer Gil Norton to record its second album.
With the sessions nearly complete, Grohl took the rough mixes with him to Los Angeles, intending to finish up his vocal and guitar parts.
As Goldsmith was about to come down to L.A. to find out why he wasn't being called upon to re-record his parts, he called Mendel from Seattle inquiring if he should make the trip.
He wanted Goldsmith to play for the tour even though it would not be his drumming but Grohl's on the album.
In need of a replacement for Goldsmith, Grohl contacted Alanis Morissette's touring drummer Taylor Hawkins to see if he could recommend anybody.
Pat Smear announced to the rest of the group that he wanted to leave the band, claiming exhaustion and burnout, but agreed to stay with the band until a replacement could be found for him.
Four months later in September at the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards, Smear simultaneously announced to the public his departure from the band and introduced his replacement, Grohl's former Scream bandmate Franz Stahl.
Shortly after that, Mendel called Grohl to say he was quitting the band to reunite with Sunny Day Real Estate, only to reverse his decision the next day.
Shiflett initially joined the band as touring guitarist, but achieved full-time status prior to the recording of the group's fourth album.
Links and references to Alive & Well have since been removed from the band's website and no further mentions or shows of support have been made.
Around 2001, Foo Fighters established a relationship with rock band Queen, of whom the band (particularly Grohl and Hawkins) were fans.
The bands have performed together on several occasions since, including VH1 Rock Honors and Foo Fighters' headlining concert in Hyde Park.
Once the Queens of the Stone Age album was finished, and touring had started for both Foo Fighters and Queens of the Stone Age, the band was on the verge of breaking up entirely as the animosity grew amongst the members.
Grohl reconvened with Hawkins, Shiflett and Mendel to have them play at the Coachella Festival, with Queens of the Stone Age playing one day and Foo Fighters the following.
During September and October 2005, the band toured with Weezer on what was billed as the 'Foozer Tour' as the two bands co-headlined the tour.
The tour included members who had also performed with them in late 2005, such as former member Pat Smear, who rejoined the band, Petra Haden on violin and backing vocals, Drew Hester on percussion, and Rami Jaffee of The Wallflowers on keyboard and piano.
The band performed shows throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Asia, including headlining the Virgin Mobile Festival in Baltimore on August 9.
After Foo Fighters had completed this tour in September 2008, they recorded 13 new songs in studio 606, shortly after announcing a hiatus from touring (which would last until January 2011).
While the members of Foo Fighters had initially planned for their new album (composed of songs from this recording session) to have come out in 2009 with almost no touring support, they ultimately decided to shelve most of the songs from these sessions.
In order to promote their greatest hits album, Foo Fighters performed a show at studio 606 in October 2009 (which was broadcast online), during which the band took fan requests.
Pat Smear was present in many photos posted by Grohl on Twitter and a press release in December confirmed Smear played on every track on the album and was considered a core member of the band once again, having initially left as a full-time member in 1997 before returning as a touring guitarist in 2006.
After debuting on March 15, 2011, at the SXSW festival in Austin, Texas, it was eventually released on DVD on June 2011.
They also headlined two sold-out shows at the Milton Keynes National Bowl on July 2 and 3, joined on stage by artists such as Alice Cooper, Seasick Steve and John Paul Jones.
They headlined the final night at the 20th anniversary of Lollapalooza in Chicago's Grant Park on August 7, 2011, performing part of their set in a driving rainstorm.
In September 2011, before a show in Kansas City, the band performed a counter-protest parody song in front of a protest by the Westboro Baptist Church.
It was announced on September 28, 2011, that Foo Fighters would be performing during the closing ceremony of Blizzard Entertainment's annual video game convention, BlizzCon.
On September 5, 2012, the band performed a show at the Fillmore in Charlotte, North Carolina, as a benefit for Rock the Vote.
The show, which occurred at the same time that the 2012 Democratic National Convention was being held in Charlotte, NC, was announced only two weeks prior.
The band set another personal record during the show itself, which was the longest that the band had played to date, lasting just under 3.5 hours, with a setlist consisting of 36 songs.
On February 20, 2013, at the Brit Awards, Grohl said he was flying back to America the following day to start work on the next album.
The band confirmed that it would end its hiatus by playing two shows in Mexico City, Mexico, on December 11 and 13, 2013.
On October 31, 2013, a video appeared on the official Foo Fighters YouTube channel showing a motorcyclist, later shown as actor Erik Estrada, delivering each of the band members an invitation to play in Mexico.
The series shows them doing this as they try to capture the history and feel of each town for the song dedicated to that area.
On July 30, 2014, Butch Vig revealed that the Foo Fighters had finished recording and mixing the new album and that it was slated to be released a month after the premiere of the TV show.
In June 2014, the band agreed to play a show in Richmond, VA, that was entirely crowd-funded by fans on the website Tilt.com.
Foo Fighters announced their tour would include performances in Cape Town, South Africa, on December 10, 2014, and Johannesburg on December 13.
On September 14, 2014, Foo Fighters performed at the closing ceremony of the Invictus Games, their first official show in England since closing Reading Festival in 2012.
The Foo Fighters resumed their international tour on May 24, 2015, with a performance at Radio 1's Big Weekend in Norwich, England.
On June 12, 2015, Grohl fell from a concert stage in Gothenburg, Sweden, during the second song of the Foo Fighters' set and broke his leg.
The band played without Grohl while he received medical attention, and Grohl then returned to the stage, sitting in a chair to perform the last two hours of the band's set while a medic tended to his leg.
As a result of Grohl's injury, on June 16 the band announced it was cancelling all of its remaining European tour dates.
The performance video went viral and impressed Grohl, resulting in the Foo Fighters performing another concert in Cesena on November 3, 2015.
This all-day event, to be held at Washington's RFK Stadium, was advertised as featuring performances by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Heart, LL Cool J, Gary Clark Jr., and Buddy Guy.
Dave Grohl's leg injury initially led to speculation that the band would drop out of the event, but they later confirmed they would still perform; however, the injury did prevent them from headlining the 2015 Glastonbury Festival (although they would return and headline in 2017).
The band performed the show in front of 48,000 people, with Grohl performing in a custom-built moving throne which he claimed to have designed himself while on painkillers in the hospital.
During the tour, prior to a concert at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri, on August 21, 2015, the Foo Fighters staged a counter protest against members of the Westboro Baptist Church, who were protesting their concert, rickrolling them from the back of a pickup truck.
In May 2016, Shiflett stated that the band still had no particular plans for reforming, but assured that it would happen eventually.
With the new album release, the Foo Fighters also confirmed that touring keyboardist Rami Jaffee is officially the sixth member of the group.
Writing and recording songs for the first Foo Fighters album by himself, Grohl wrote the guitar riffs to be as rhythmic as possible.
He approached the guitar in a similar manner to his playing a drumkit, assigning different drum parts to different strings on the instrument.
Abel Meeropol (February 14, 1903 – October 29, 1986) was an American songwriter and poet whose works were published under his pseudonym, Lewis Allan.
Later, he and his wife Anne adopted the Rosenbergs' two sons, Michael and Robert, who were orphaned after their parents' executions for espionage.
In Staffordshire, the south is covered by BBC WM, east by BBC Radio Derby and the west by BBC Radio Shropshire.
The station broadcasts from its studios on Cheapside in Hanley, the biggest of the six towns the make up the city of Stoke-on-Trent.
The station uses the frequencies of 94.6 MHz and 104.1 MHz FM, 1503 kHz medium wave, and is also available on the Stoke & Stafford DAB digital radio multiplex, and online.
According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 121,000 listeners and a reach of 19.4% as of Q3 2019.
Stations broadcast from it can be clearly heard in most parts of northern Birmingham, and along the M6 from the M54 junction to Skelmersdale.
The 104.1 MHz frequency is heard in Stafford and the transmitter is on the roof of the County Education building in the town.
DAB signals come from the Stoke & Stafford 12D multiplex from Alsagers Bank, Pye Green (near Hednesford), Sutton Common (between Congleton and Macclesfield in Cheshire), and Tick Hill (strongest power, south-east of the junction of the A520 and A52 near the Foxfield Steam Railway between Cookshill and Godleybrook).
Signal 1 (102.6 MHz) and Radio Stoke (94.6 MHz) are clear in most of the area except in some parts of the Staffordshire Moorlands (Cheadle in particular) and Stafford (which has its own relays).
The Stoke digital multiplex has half the number of stations compared to other areas (BBC Radio Stoke, Signal 1, Signal 2 and Kiss).
On weekday nights (post 10pm) and weekend evenings, BBC Radio Stoke also carries some regional programming for the Midlands, produced from sister stations BBC WM and BBC Radio Shropshire.
After retiring honorably from his military obligation, he was provided with royal letters of reference and a sinecure with the Imperial Theatre.
In 1745, the six-year-old August Carl was introduced to the violin and his father's moderate financial position allowed him not only a good general education at a Jesuit school, but private tutelage in music, violin, French and religion.
After leaving his first teacher, Carl studied violin with J. Ziegler, who by 1750, through his influence, secured his pupil's appointment as a violinist in the orchestra of the Benedictine church on the Freyung.
Under princely auspices he studied violin with Francesco Trani who, impressed with the ability of his pupil in composition, commended him to Giuseppe Bonno who instructed him in Fuxian counterpoint and free composition.
After a few years Prince Joseph disbanded the orchestra, since he had to leave Vienna to assume the regency in Hildburghausen, and the Austrian Empress hired Dittersdorf for her own orchestra through Count Durazzo, Theatre Director at the Imperial Court.
It was during this period that he became acquainted with Christoph Willibald Gluck, who had just achieved greatness as an opera composer with the Vienna première of his Orfeo ed Euridice.
Back in Vienna in 1764, his contract with Count Durazzo expired that winter, but he met the great Joseph Haydn and became one of his closest friends.
The following year he was introduced to Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch, the Prince-Bishop of Breslau, who was in the process of creating a cultural center around his court based at Château Jánský vrch (Johannesberg) in Javorník (today part of the Czech Republic).
About 1785, Haydn, Dittersdorf, Mozart and Wanhal played string quartets together, Dittersdorf taking first violin, Haydn second violin, Mozart viola and Wanhal cello.
Sometime the following year, he was invited by Baron Ignaz von Stillfried to live in his spare château known as Červená Lhota, in southern Bohemia.
His symphonic and chamber compositions greatly emphasize sensuous Italo-Austrian melody instead of motivic development, which is often entirely lacking even in his best works, quite unlike those of his greater peers Haydn and Mozart.
He also wrote oratorios, cantatas and concertos (among which are two for double bass and one for viola), string quartets and other chamber music, piano pieces and other miscellaneous works.
BBC WM 95.6 (previously BBC Radio WM) is the BBC Local Radio service serving the West Midlands conurbation, operated by BBC Birmingham.
Launched on 9 November 1970 as BBC Radio Birmingham, it broadcasts from central Birmingham on 95.6 FM, DAB, Freeview and online.
Its facilities include two broadcast studios, a talk studio, an operations and production area, and a studio shared with the BBC Asian Network.
On 23 November 1981, the station changed its name to BBC WM and had a studio in the back of a shop in New Street.
On 3 September 2005, CWR resumed the production of separate programming between 5.00 and 22.00 each weekday (6.00 – 18.00 at weekends).
In late 2011, the station began using the on air identity of BBC WM 95.6 as opposed to BBC WM as it had previously used.
BBC WM 95.6 now broadcasts from 0500 to 0100 hours on Monday – Thursday, 0500 on Friday to 0100 on Sunday and from 0600 to 0100 hours on Sundays.
The station's low audience since the advent of independent local radio has led to reports of threatened closure on various occasions.
In the mid-1980s, a new manager, Tony Inchley, brought in extensive format changes with a view to stabilising the audience, although the station remained small in listenership numbers.
The majority of BBC WM's programming is produced and broadcast from Birmingham, alongside regional programming for sister stations in the BBC Midlands and BBC East Midlands regions.
Be Here Now is the third studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 21 August 1997 by Creation Records.
Oasis' management company, Ignition, were aware of the dangers of overexposure, and before release sought to control media access to the album.
The tactics alienated the press and many industry personnel connected with the band, and fueled large-scale speculation and publicity within the British music scene.
Producer Owen Morris said the recording sessions were marred by arguments and drug abuse, and that the band's only motivations were commercial.
Oasis producer Owen Morris joined Gallagher later with a TASCAM 8-track recorder, and they recorded demos with a drum machine and a keyboard.
In August 1996, Oasis performed two concerts before crowds of 250,000 at Knebworth House, Hertfordshire; more than 2,500,000 fans had applied for tickets, meaning the possibility of 20 sold-out nights.
The dates were to be the zenith of Oasis's popularity, and both the music press and the band realised it would not be possible for the band to equal the event.
Four days later, Liam declined to participate in the first leg of an American tour, complaining that he needed to buy a house with his then-girlfriend Patsy Kensit.
He rejoined the band a few days after for a key concert at the MTV Video Music Awards in New York, but intentionally sang off-key and spat beer and saliva during the performance.
Amongst much internal bickering, the tour continued to Charlotte, North Carolina, where Noel finally lost his patience with Liam and announced he was leaving the band.
In 2006, Noel agreed that the band should have separated for a year or two instead of going into the studio.
A media frenzy ensued, and the band's management made the decision to move to a studio less readily accessible to paparazzi.
Morris had initially wanted to just transfer the Mustique demo recordings and overdub drums, vocals, and rhythm guitar, but the 8-track mixer he had employed required him to bounce tracks for overdubs, leaving him unable to remove the drum machine from the recordings.
He said that he and the band had been dealing with personal difficulties the day and night before McGee visited the studio.
The structures are traditional, and largely follow the typical verse – chorus – verse – chorus – middle eight – chorus format of guitar-based rock music.
However, in an interview with the music press a few days later he predicted the album would sell twenty million copies.
McGee's hyperbole alarmed both Oasis and their management company Ignition, and both immediately excluded him from involvement in the release campaign.
Ignition's strategy from that point on centred on an effort to suppress all publicity, and withheld access to both music and information from anybody not directly involved with the album's release.
To this end they planned a modest marketing budget, to be spent on subdued promotional activities such as street posters and music press adverts, while avoiding mainstream instruments such as billboard and TV advertising.
However, the extent that Ignition were willing to go to control access to the album generated more hype than could normally have been expected, and served to alienate members of both the print and broadcast media, as well as most Creation staff members.
was planned as the first single, Ignition decided on a late release to radio so as to avoid too much advance exposure.
BBC Radio 1 received a CD containing three songs ten days before the album's release, on condition that disc jockey Steve Lamacq talked over the tracks to prevent illegal copies being made by listeners.
The day after Lamacq previewed the album on his show, he received a phone call from Ignition informing him that he would not be able to preview further tracks because he didn't speak enough over the songs.
You had this Oasis camp that was like 'I'm sorry, you're not allowed come into the office between the following hours.
The cover image was shot in April 1997 at Stocks House in Hertfordshire, the former home of Victor Lownes, head of the Playboy Clubs in the UK until 1981.
It shows the band standing outside the hotel surrounded by various props; in the centre is a Rolls Royce floating in a swimming pool.
Photographer Michael Spencer Johns said the original concept involved shooting each band member in various locations around the world, but when the cost proved prohibitive, the shoot was relocated to Stocks House.
Critics have tried to read into the selection of the cover props, but Johns said Gallagher simply selected items from the BBC props store he thought would look good in the picture.
The release date had been brought forward out of Ignition's fear that import copies of the album from the United States would arrive in Britain before the street date.
Worrying that TV news cameras would interview queuing fans at a traditional midnight opening session, Ignition forced retailers to sign contracts pledging not to sell the record earlier than 8:00am.
Realising they had got it wrong the last time, Petridis believes the initial glowing reviews were a concession to public opinion.
However, most sales came from the first two weeks of release, and once the album was released to UK radio stations the turnover tapered off.
Noel has observed that many Oasis fans still hold the album in high regard, as do prominent musicians such as Marilyn Manson.
In the 16th century, the area was known as lower Mahim as it was located on the island of Mahim, one of the Seven islands of Mumbai which, after the Bombay Island, was the most important during the whole of the Portuguese period.
The Bombay Improvement Trust devised the plan to relieve congestion in the center of the town following the plague epidemics of the 1890s.
Among the institutions moved to Dadar under the City Improvement Trust (CIT) plan were Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, now known as Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute and King George school, now known as IES' Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (now a collection of several schools).
Ramnarain Ruia College in 1937 and Ramniranjan Podar College was founded in 1939, completing Dadar’s transition from residential area to a diverse neighborhood.
Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School one of the oldest school founded in 1851 during the British India period is located here.
During the cotton mill era of Mumbai, some key mills like Bombay Dyeing (Spring Mills), Gold Mohur Mills, Kohinoor Mills, Ruby Mills and Tata Mills were located in Dadar.
In 1993 Bombay bombings, a defused bomb was discovered in Dadar by Dr. JK Mandot who also provided the Mumbai police their first clue in the 1993 blasts probe, when on 13 March 1993, he alerted them about a dubious-looking Bajaj Chetak scooter (MH-04-Z-261) parked outside his dispensary on Naigaum Cross Road.
Park Chowpatty or sea shore Dadar West is widespread up to Reunion Restaurant where Mahim starts in north and up to Sayani Road Junction were Prabhadevi starts on south.
Similarly Dadar East is widespread up to Five Gardens were Matunga starts in North and up to Premier Theatre in South were Parel starts.
Being the only common railway station to both the Central and Western lines, it makes a transit point for many passengers traveling through Suburban Railway.
Dadar east has been also a key interchange point for those coming from Pune, Panvel and Navi Mumbai by road transport.
Dadar has long been a cultural center for the native East Indians and the Marathi speaking immigrants from the rest of Maharashtra.
Being along the Konkan coast, like the rest of Mumbai, the native language of the region was a dialect of Konkani.
Apart from this studio, many other prominent film studios such as Ranjit Studios and Rooptara Studios were eventually built on this road.
There is also an active crowd that watches dramas and Shivaji Mandir is one of the few theatres in Mumbai that has catered to the middle class' interest in the dramatic arts.
It was here that artists like Vijay Tendulkar, Vijaya Mehta, Mahesh Elkunchwar, Dr. Shreeram Lagoo and Nana Patekar found an eager audience.
Apart from Vada Pao, Dadar is also popular for traditional Maharashtrian food like Batata Vada, Thalipith, Sabudana Vada, Misal Pav, Pav, Puri Bhaji, Pithla Bhakri, Piyush (a sweet drink) and Lassi.
Shivaji Park, one of the largest parks in Mumbai is situated in Dadar west and is the hub of sports activities, particularly for cricket enthusiasts.
Many cricketers like Ashok Mankad, Vinoo Mankad, Vijay Hazare, Salim Durani, Ajit Wadekar, Sunil Gavaskar, Sandip Patil, Sachin Tendulkar, Vinod Kambli, Ajit Agarkar and Sanjay Manjrekar have been trained here.
Spread across 112, 937 square meters (27.907 acres) it houses Samartha Vyayam Mandir (gymnasium), Shivaji Park Nagrik Sangh, Shivaji Park Gymkhana (club), children's park, Nana Nani park, Scout's Pavilion, Ganesh Mandir, The Bengali Club with Kali shrine and a library.
The walkway is lined with huge rain trees and stone wall for sitting, a popular evening spot for many residents around.
Dadar Chowpatty (seashore) with its sea, sand and Mumbai chat counters is a popular gateway for families from the hustle bustle of the city.
Dadar is also home to Chaitya Bhoomi, memorial and place where B. R. Ambedkar, Chief architect of Indian Constitution was cremated.
His death anniversary, 6 December, is observed as Mahaparinirvan Din when lakhs of people across the nation throng Chaityabhoomi to pay homage to him.
Antonio Da Silva High School (estd 1868), King George School (now IES) (estd 1912), Shardashram Vidya Mandir (estd 1949) and Balmohan Vidyamandir (estd 1940) are some of the oldest schools founded during the British India period.
Kamla Mehta Dadar School for the Blind, a 100+ years old institution that was set up by American Marathi Mission to serve blind children.
Two of the most prominent colleges in Mumbai, Ramnarain Ruia College and Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics are in Dadar.
Dadar hosts specialised institutes like Institute of Hotel Management (IHM) and National Institute of Fashion Technology or NIFT (Ministry of Textiles, Government of India).
The team was formed informally in the summer of 1963 by a group of flying instructors, led by Flight Lieutenant Lee Jones, at No 4 Flying Training School at RAF Valley.
The name adopted by the team (derived from the team leader's call-sign) was disapproved of by higher authority, who recognised the concept of a Gnat aerobatic team as attractive, but felt the name and the yellow colour of the aircraft wrong.
It was also thought that the team had maverick instincts, and needed to be brought into the mainstream so the team was officially reformed, in 1965, as The Red Arrows.
The Red Arrows continued flying the Gnat until 1979 when it was superseded by the British Aerospace Hawk for the 1980 season.
Germany has officially participated in every Eurovision Song Contest since its beginning in 1956, except in 1996 when its entry did not qualify past the audio-only pre‐selection round, and consequently was not seen in the broadcast final and does not count as one of Germany's 63 appearances.
Katja Ebstein, who finished third in and , then second in , is the only performer to have made the top three on three occasions.
Germany has a total of 11 top three placements, also finishing second with Lena Valaitis () and twice with the group Wind (1985 and 1987), and finishing third with Mary Roos (1972), Mekado (1994) and Surpriz (1999).
Having not reached the top-ten in ten of the previous 13 contests (2005–17), Michael Schulte achieved Germany's second-best result of the 21st century, by finishing fourth at the contest.
Although German contestants have had varied levels of success, public interest remains high and the contest is one of the most-watched events each year.
The Eurovision Song Contest semi-final is broadcast on NDR Fernsehen (EinsFestival and Phoenix in recent years), and the final is broadcast on Das Erste, the flagship channel of ARD.
The German representative in the contest is usually chosen during a national selection, broadcast on public television channel Das Erste, which is organized by one of the nine regional public broadcasting organizations of the ARD; from 1956 to 1978, Hessischer Rundfunk (HR); from 1979 to 1991 Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR); from 1992 to 1995, by Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) and since 1996, by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR).
Radio coverage has been provided, although not every year, by Deutschlandfunk (DLF) and Bayern 2 from 1970 to 1979, hr3 from 1980–85, 1991–94, 2007 and 2011 (both stations in 1983), NDR Radio 2 from 1986 to 1990, 1995 to 2006 and 2008–13, and WDR1LIVE in 2011.
Since 2010 production company Brainpool, which also co-produced the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf and the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest in Baku, have worked with NDR to co-produce the German national finals.
Germany has often changed the selection process used in order to find the country's entry for the contest, either a national final or internal selection (occasionally a combination of both formats) has been held by the broadcaster at the time.
The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) did not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest but instead took part in the Intervision Song Contest.
With one win () and four second-place results (, , and ), Germany is the second most successful country in the contest in the 1980s, behind Ireland, who had two wins in the decade.
ARD had selected an artist and song to represent them at the Eurovision Song Contest 1996, to be held in Oslo, Norway.
Due to the large number of countries wanting to compete at Eurovision, they determined that only 23 of the 30 countries could compete.
Hosts Norway qualified automatically, the other 29 songs went into an audio-only pre-qualification round, with the top 22 going on to compete alongside Norway in Oslo.
Germany tied for last at the 2008 contest for points, but was awarded 23rd of 25 places when the results were posted.
In 2009, ARD held an internal selection for the first time since 1995 due to lack of interest and viewing figures of the German national finals.
Alex Christensen and Oscar Loya were selected to represent Germany at the 2009 contest, where they performed on stage with burlesque artist Dita von Teese.
In 2010, ARD approached former entrant and songwriter Stefan Raab and private network ProSieben to co-operate in finding a winning entry for the country.
It has been said that Raab was approached due to his good record at the contest, finishing 5th in 2000 as well as writing entries in 1998 and 2004, which finished 7th and 8th respectively.
The group Elaiza in 2014, Ann Sophie in 2015, Jamie-Lee and Levina finished in 18th, 27th (last), 26th (last) and 25th (second to last) place respectively.
This is the first time since 2012 that more than one country from the Big 5 has made the top ten (with Italy finishing fifth) and the second time (after 2002) that two Big 5 countries have made the top five since the establishment of the rule.
Since 2000, four particular countries have automatically qualified for the Eurovision final, regardless of their positions on the scoreboard in previous Contests.
Over the years ARD commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Ado Schlier, Thomas Gottschalk, Jan Hofer, Wolf Mittler, Fritz Egner and Werner Veigel.
However Peter Urban provided ARD TV commentary every year since 1997, however due to his health issues in 2009 he was forced to step down as role as German commentator with HR disc jockey Tim Frühling filling in to commentate at Moscow.
The station broadcasts on 94.8, 103.7 and 104 MHz FM, DAB Digital Radio and is streamed on the internet via the BBC Website.
Based in the Priory Place Shopping Precinct at the heart of Coventry City Centre, its studio complex is home to radio, online services, an interactive open centre and facilities for regional TV news.
BBC Coventry & Warwickshire broadcasts local programming from 6am to 10pm from Monday to Saturday and from 6am to 6pm on Sundays.
BBC Local Radio in the 1990s underwent an expansion programme where counties and other areas without a local radio station were identified and five stations were to launch: BBC Radio Surrey, BBC Radio Berkshire, BBC Radio Suffolk, BBC Wiltshire Sound and BBC Radio Warwickshire.
Xtra AM, the AM-only sister station from Mercia Sound, also enjoyed high listenership since it split from Mercia and launched in 1989.
The BBC, under Director-General John Birt, deemed that CWR was not sufficiently successful in audience terms to warrant its continuation, and within increasing financial constraints in February 1995 CWR was to close.
In 1995 BBC CWR merged with neighbouring BBC Radio WM in Birmingham, was renamed BBC Coventry and Warwickshire and would operate as an opt-out service from BBC WM with the remainder of the schedule as shared programming.
In 2003, the then Director-General of the BBC, Greg Dyke, announced on-air that Coventry and Warwickshire was again to have its own BBC Local Radio station.
We hope the new station will be housed in a modern, vibrant building close to Coventry Cathedral in the heart of the city.
Alongside the radio studios, there'll also be an open centre to provide access to BBC Learning facilities similar to the already established centres in Blackburn, Sheffield and Stoke.
BBC Coventry and Warwickshire relaunched as a stand-alone station on 3 September 2005 with full local programming for 15 hours a day.
The local diverse make-up of the region also plays a part in the station's schedule, although Asian programmes have been transferred to the BBC Asian Network, on medium-wave in the area.
During off-peak hours, BBC Coventry and Warwickshire also carries regional programming for the Midlands, produced from sister stations BBC WM and BBC Radio Shropshire.
The station's local presenters include Trish Adudu (weekday breakfast), Vic Minett (weekday mornings), Brody Swain (weekday afternoons) and Phil Upton (weekday drivetime).
The mainstay of the coverage is live match commentary of Coventry City games (home and away in the Football League, FA Cup, Football League Cup and Football League Trophy).
Since their relocation to Coventry, the station has provided live match commentary of Wasps RFC games (as a part of BBC Sport's national contract with Premiership Rugby).
Games in the Aviva Premiership, Anglo-Welsh Cup and European Rugby Champions Cup are broadcast predominately on the DAB digital service (and, on occasion, also on FM).
A 2.2 kilowatt transmitter at an existing tower at Meriden provides Coventry and North Warwickshire with good signals on 94.8 MHz, a frequency vacated by BRMB Radio in Birmingham before it moved to 96.4 MHz in 1989.
The South Warwickshire area receives a strong signal on 103.7 MHz from a 1.4 kW transmitter located at an existing television relay site on a hill at Lark Stoke, 7.5 km west-northwest of Shipston-on-Stour and 12 km south of Stratford-upon-Avon.
BBC CWR went digital shortly after the launch of the local DAB multiplex on 31 January 2001 with NOW Digital 12D Coventry in the Coventry area with transmissions from Samuel Vale House (central Coventry), Barwell Water Tower near Hinckley, Meriden and Leamington Spa.
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days is a 2003 romantic comedy film directed by Donald Petrie, starring Kate Hudson and Matthew McConaughey.
She is bored and wishes she could write about more serious topics such as politics, economics, religion, poverty; matters she is genuinely concerned with.
When his boss questions Ben's knowledge about romance, Ben bets he could make any woman fall in love with him if he wanted to.
His boss accepts the bet and confirms that if he can make any woman fall in love with him before the upcoming company ball, in just 10 days, he will allow Ben to head the advertising for the new diamond company.
Ben's rival co-workers, Judy Spears and Judy Green, who were at Composure magazine earlier in the day and are aware of Andie's new assignment, set Ben up to have him pick Andie as the girl to test his theory on.
Andie works hard to drive Ben insane and make him break up with her in order to complete her article, but Ben continues to stick around in hopes of making her fall in love with him.
Andie gets Ben knocked out in a movie theater by talking aloud while watching a chick flick, rapidly moves her things into his apartment, acts overly possessive and sensitive and clingy, ruins his boys' poker night for him and his friends, and takes him to a Celine Dion concert when he was under the assumption he was going to see a New York Knicks basketball game.
Ben stays with her despite everything, and after coming very close to breaking up they attend couples counseling, led by Andie's friend Michelle.
While vacationing together Ben and Andie begin to form a genuine bond, and upon arriving home Ben even refers to Andie as his girlfriend.
They tell his close colleagues, Tony and Thayer, that Andie knew about the bet all along and was playing along to help Ben win.
Tony and Thayer then rush to Andie's side and beg her to keep quiet, when they do not realize she is still blissfully unaware of the bet.
Upon learning of Ben's bet, Andie attempts to humiliate Ben in front of everyone at the party, and the pair argue on stage.
Once he accuses her of running away, they reveal their true feelings for each other and the film ends with Ben instructing the taxi driver to return Andie's belongings to her home, and then they kiss.
It was the lead single for the series soundtrack, reached number two on world dance charts and was in the top 20 on the Australian singles chart in early 2004.
Standing on the Shoulder of Giants is the fourth studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 28 February 2000 by Big Brother Records.
The album is a modern psychedelic record complete with drum loops, samples, electric sitar, mellotron, synthesizers and backward guitars, resulting in an album more experimental with electronica and heavy psychedelic rock influences.
The album's title was taken from the words made famous by Sir Isaac Newton: If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.Noel Gallagher saw the quote on the side of a £2 coin, first released to the public in 1998, while in a pub and liked it so much he thought it would be a suitable name for Oasis' new album.
Due to the departure of Alan McGee and two original band members, Bonehead and Guigsy, while the album was still in production, their parts had to be re-recorded for legal reasons.
The album's artwork features the photo of the Manhattan skyline taken from the rooftop of 500 Fifth Avenue (5th Ave/W 42nd St).
Some famous buildings can be seen here, for example the Empire State Building is seen in front and the former World Trade Center is seen in the back.
To create the cover photo, the photographer captured the same frame every half an hour in 18 hours during the whole day's course; the photos were digitally composited into the final picture.
This shot was taken from the roof of a football stadium, and the footballers from the car park were edited onto the rooftop on the final cover.
Edward Hale was a nephew of Edward Everett, the orator and statesman, and grand-nephew of Nathan Hale (1755-1776), the Revolutionary War hero executed by the British for espionage.
Senator Roger Sherman Baldwin and Emily Pitkin Perkins Baldwin on her father's side and Lyman Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher on her mother's side.
They had nine children: Alexander, b & d 1853; Ellen Day, 1854–1939; Arthur, 1859–1939;Charles Alexander, 1861–1867; Edward Everett, Jr., 1863–1932; Philip Leslie Hale, 1865–1931; Herbert Dudley, 1866–1908; Henry Kidder, 1868–1876; Robert Beverly, 1869–1895.
Hale left the Unity Church in 1856 to become pastor at the South Congregational Church, Boston, where he served until 1899.
In 1847 Hale was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society, and he would be involved with the society for the rest of his life, taking up various positions in the service of the society.
He served two non-consecutive terms on its board of councilors, from 1852 to 1854, and a lengthy term from 1858 to 1891, and as recording secretary from 1854 to 1858.
He served as vice-president of the society from 1891 to 1906, served a shorter term as president from 1906 to 1907, then again took up the position of vice-president from 1907 to 1909.
As in some of his other non-romantic tales, he employed a minute realism which led his readers to suppose the narrative a record of fact.
In recognition of his support for the Union during the American Civil War, Hale was elected as a Third Class Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
Paul J. Nahin writes that this story makes Hale a pioneer in emerging science fiction, time travel, and stories about changing the past.
The letters, donated to the library in 1969, had held their secrets until 2006 when Day realized that the intimate passages were written in Towndrow's shorthand.
Hale retired as minister from the South Congregational Church in 1899 and chose as his successor Edward Cummings, father of E. E. Cummings.
Bostonians asked him to help ring in the new century on December 31, 1900, by presenting a psalm on the balcony of the Massachusetts State House.
Combining a forceful personality, organizing genius, and liberal practical theology, Hale was active in raising the tone of American life for half a century.
He had a deep interest in the anti-slavery movement (especially in Kansas), as well as popular education (involving himself especially with the Chautauqua adult-education movement), and the working-man's home.
Hale supported Irish immigration in the mid-19th century, as he felt the new workers freed Americans from performing menial, hard labor.
Smithe was born William Smith in England and moved to Canada in his youth, settling on Vancouver Island in 1862 as a farmer.
By 1875 Smithe had become the informal leader of the opposition to Premier George Anthony Walkem's government, but yielded the leadership to Andrew Charles Elliott.
Smithe was in Elliott's short lived cabinet from 1876 to 1878 before returning to the opposition benches and again became opposition leader.
Asked on one occasion whether he thought British Columbia should be annexed to the United States, he suggested instead that Washington and Oregon be annexed to British Columbia.
Walid Muhammad Salih bin Mubarak bin Attash (; born 1978) is a Yemeni prisoner held in extrajudicial detention at the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camp.
Attash was given victim status in Poland for his alleged torture by Americans in a CIA black site on Polish soil.
Hailing from a prominent Saudi family on friendly terms with Osama bin Laden, Attash had several brothers fighting during the tumultuous 1990s in Afghanistan.
On January 8, Malaysian Special Branch informed the CIA that Attash had flown to Bangkok together with al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi.
While there, the FBI received a transcript of a phone call from Fahd al-Quso and one of the bombers, which mentioned giving Attash $5,000 to purchase a new prosthesis.
During later interrogation, al-Quso confessed that he was handing over $36,000, and that it wasn't actually meant to purchase a prosthesis.
On September 11, 2002, his 17-year-old brother Hassan bin Attash was taken prisoner by Pakistani forces raiding the Tariq Road House, handed over to the Americans and sent to The Dark Prison.
He was sent to The Dark Prison, and his brother was moved to Guantanamo Bay detention camps in 2003 or 2004.
They had been instituted in 2004 to mitigate the Supreme Court's findings that the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay was unconstitutional.
These included that Mohammad Rashed Daoud al-Owhali had stated that Attash had told him to prepare for a suicide carbombing against East African embassies of the United States a month or two before the attacks occurred.
The memo alleged that Attash had trained in close-combat in the Lowgar training camp and seen Osama bin Laden give a speech to graduates of the camp.
His Personal Representative met with him on February 13, and told the tribunal that Attash confirmed that many of the allegations were basically correct, but that he had never owned a telephone and that he had forged the Yemeni registration card himself.
On December 8, 2008, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed told the judge that he and the other four indictees wished to confess and plead guilty; however, the plea would be delayed until after mental competency hearings for Hawsawi and bin al-Shibh.
A gifted pupil, he was then sent to Naples in 1726 where he studied church music under Francesco Durante and opera under Leonardo Leo.
Bonno's music is very rarely heard today, but he was a prominent figure in the Viennese musical life of his time and his works were often performed.
Against All Odds is a 1984 American romantic neo-noir thriller film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Rachel Ward, Jeff Bridges and James Woods alongside Jane Greer, Alex Karras, Richard Widmark and Dorian Harewood.
The film's soundtrack, nominated for a Grammy Award, featured songs from Big Country, Kid Creole & the Coconuts, Stevie Nicks and Genesis breakout stars Mike Rutherford, Peter Gabriel and Phil Collins; the latter performed the title song, which was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Original Song and for a Golden Globe Award as Best Original Song, being one of the top-selling singles of 1984.
Aging, injured and in need of money, he is contacted by an old acquaintance, the shady gambler and nightclub owner Jake Wise (James Woods), who wants Terry to find Jake's girlfriend Jessie Wyler (Rachel Ward), daughter of the Outlaws' owner.
Terry gets in touch with Jessie's mother (Jane Greer), ostensibly to find out where Jessie can be found, but mainly to convince Mrs. Wyler and her business partner Ben Caxton (Richard Widmark) to reinstate him on the team.
Hank Sully (Alex Karras), the team's trainer, strongly advises Terry to stay away from Jake and offers to help Terry get a coaching job.
Terry is convinced his days as a player are not over and instead decides to work for Jake to tide him over until the next season, when he can try to continue his playing career.
He makes multiple attempts to approach Jessie, but she rebuffs him, aware that he must have been sent by either Jake or her mother.
Terry tires of pursuing a spoiled brat and packs to leave, but Jessie appreciates that he hasn't revealed her whereabouts and invites him to see where she is staying.
Terry confides the leverage Jake has over him is the knowledge that Terry once shaved points in an important football game after he had fallen into debt.
Terry and Jessie remain happily together for a few weeks, with Terry continuing to tell Jake he's been unsuccessful in locating her.
She wants to flee, as the two will be unable to offer an explanation that will allow them to avoid jail.
After disposing of Sully's body, Terry returns to Los Angeles and finds to his astonishment that Jessie has returned to Jake.
He is bitter toward her, but Jake maintains a hold over him with the point-shaving incident, as well as Sully's sudden disappearance.
Terry is sent to break into the office of Kirsch (Saul Rubinek), the team's corrupt lawyer, who is also involved in Jake's gambling operation.
He finds a local bar frequented by Kirsch's secretary, Edie (Swoosie Kurtz), where he tells her what has happened and that she too is in danger.
They return to the office to retrieve the box, where a fight occurs with another two guards, but again Terry escapes, this time with Edie and the files.
She knows that Jake is behind Kirsch's murder and informs Caxton, telling him that Jake has been handling bets on his old football team using information he's been given by Sully and Kirsch.
Caxton indicates he is receptive to that idea, whereupon Jake pulls his own gun and threatens to kill Jessie, forcing Terry to drop his weapon.
Terry acknowledges that this is true for the moment, but predicts that some day Jessie will break free of the hold that Caxton and Mrs. Wyler have on her.
It focuses on recording and publicising the Soviet Union's totalitarian past, but also monitors human rights in Russia and other post-Soviet states.
It also conducts research into the history of political repression and publicizes the findings in books, articles, exhibitions, museums, and websites of its member organizations.
For nine months the memorial sat beside the statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, known as Iron Felix, which was removed in August 1991.
In 1991 Memorial also contributed to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR officially making 30 October a Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Political Repression.
One of Memorial's main projects at the moment is the creation of the Virtual Gulag Museum, which will bring together research and archives from all over the ex-Soviet Union to commemorate and record the existence of the Gulag and the suffering of its victims.
Memorial are trying to build a National Memorial Museum Complex in Kovalevsky Forest to commemorate 4,500 victims of the Red Terror.
In July 1997 a joint expedition of the St Petersburg and Karelian Memorial societies located a massive killing field not far from the town of Medvezhegorsk, capital of the pre-war White Sea Canal project.
Led by Yury A. Dmitriev, Irina Flige and the late Veniamin Joffe, the expedition found 236 common graves containing the bodies of over 7,000 victims of Stalin, executed in 1937 and 1938.
In 2016, there was an attempt to revise this account of the shootings at Sandarmokh, and claim that among the dead were Soviet POWs shot by the invading Finns in 1941-1944.
Appearing at irregular intervals during the year, the Chronicle circulated in typescript form (samizdat) in the USSR from 1968 to 1983, but all of its 63 issues were translated into English and published abroad, as a key source of trustworthy information about human rights in the post-Stalin Soviet Union.
The launch was held at Memorial's office in Karetny pereulok and many former editors of the underground publication attended, including Sergei Kovalev and Alexander Lavut.
Andrei Sakharov wrote that Lev Ponomaryov, Yuri Samodurov, , Dmitri Leonov, Arseny Roginsky and others put forth an initiative to create a memorial complex to victims of Joseph Stalin's repression in the late 1980s.
A poll was carried out in Moscow streets of the names of the candidates to the Public Council of the society.
Among others, Alexander Solzhenitsyn was named, but he refused to join and in his talk with Andrei Sakharov he motivated this decision by his opinion that it was not right to restrict the scope of the project to the Stalin era only, since the repressive era in Russia started as early as 1917.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union the society became international, with organizations in post-Soviet states: Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Latvia, and Georgia, as well as in Italy (since 20 April 2004).
In 2004, Memorial was among the four recipients of the Right Livelihood Award, for its work in documenting violations of human rights in Russia and other former states in the USSR.
In the same year, The UN refugee agency (UNHCR) named Memorial the winner of the annual Nansen Refugee Award for its wide range of services on behalf of forced migrants and internally displaced people in the Russian Federation, as well as refugees from Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
On 4 December 2008, Memorial's St Petersburg office which houses archives on the Gulag was raided by the authorities and 11 computer hard disks containing the entire digital archive of the atrocities committed under Stalin, representing 20 years of work, were confiscated.
On 20 March 2009, the court of Dzerzhinsky District decided that the search on 4 December 2008, in Memorial with confiscation of 12 HDDs with information about victims of political repressions was carried out with procedural violations, and actions of law enforcement bodies were illegal, and eventually the 12 hard drives, as well as optical discs and some papers, were returned to Memorial.
A Memorial activist Natalia Estemirova, who investigated murders and abductions in Chechnya, was herself abducted in Grozny and shot to death in Ingushetia on 15 July 2009.
In 1902, the ship visited Queenstown, Ireland; Lisbon, Portugal; Algiers, and Madeira before undergoing voyage repairs at the Norfolk Navy Yard; subsequently, the ship sailed south to Trinidad, St. Kitts, San Juan, and Jamaica, before arriving back in Hampton Roads on 13 June 1903.
The ship's last duty commenced soon thereafter, when she was dispatched to Culebra, Puerto Rico, to serve as station ship and store ship at the naval station there.
The press gallery is the part of a parliament, or other legislative body, where political journalists are allowed to sit or gather to observe and then report speeches and events.
legislative or parliamentary buildings accorded to the various media outlets, such as occurs with the Strangers Gallery in the British House of Commons or the Canberra Press Gallery in the Australian Parliament.
The United States Senate established its first press gallery in 1841, and both the House of Representatives and Senate set aside galleries for reporters when they moved into their current chambers in 1857 and 1859.
Press passes were issued only to those whose primary source of income was journalism, and who reported by telegraph to a daily newspaper.
After initial resistance, the press galleries adjusted their rules to admit those who earn their living from their journalism, and who are not underwritten by advocacy groups.
Despite the government’s efforts to accommodate the press corps, however, the relationship between the press and the politicians remains essentially adversarial, punctuated by politicians’ complaints of bias and misrepresentation, and by reporters’ protests against government attempts to manipulate the news.
The RSAF has developed from a largely defensive military force into one with an advanced offensive capability, and the maintains the third largest fleet of F-15s after the U.S. and Japanese air forces.
It was initially equipped with Westland Wapiti IIA general purpose aircraft flown by pilots who had served Ali of Hejaz but had pardoned by the Saudi king.
It was re-organized in 1950 and began to receive American assistance from 1952 including the use of Dhahran Airfield by the United States Air Force.
The backbone of the stike / ground attack force is formed by ca 70 Tornados (a second batch of 48 Tornado IDS were ordered in 1993 under the al-Yamamah II program), and 72 F-15S aircraft delivered from the mid-1990s that operate beside the remnants of more than 120 F-15C/D aircraft delivered starting in 1981.
The C-130 Hercules is the mainstay of the transport fleet and the Hercules is assisted by CASA CN-235s and Raytheon King Air 350 light transports.
The VIP support fleet consists of a wide variety of civil registered aircraft such as the Airbus A330, Airbus A320, 737 and 747, Lockheed Tri-Stars, MD11s and G1159A as well as Lockheed L-100-30.
On 29 December 2011, the United States signed a $29.4 billion deal to sell 84 F-15s in the SA (Saudi Advanced) configuration.
On 23 May 2012, the British defence firm BAE Systems agreed to sell 22 BAE Hawk advanced jet trainer aircraft to the Royal Saudi Air Force for a total of £1.9 billion ($3 billion).
He worked in the Canberra Press Gallery from 1969 to 2017, covering the Parliament of Australia and federal elections for print, radio, and television.
When Oakes was six years old, his father was transferred to Cockatoo Island, a small island off the coast of Derby, Western Australia, where there was an iron ore mine.
In 1997, Oakes used leaked documents to report on abuse of parliamentary travel expenses, which ended the careers of three ministers, several other politicians and some of their staff.
[Paul] Keating used to boycott the program every now and again; not because he thought I was a Liberal but because he thought I wouldn't toe the line.
Cam FM (formerly known as Cambridge University Radio and later CUR1350) is a student-run radio station at the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University.
The station is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin Student Radio Ltd, which is also the FM licence holder.
Cam FM disaffiliated from the Student Radio Association in 2015, despite once winning Best Station at the Association's Student Radio Awards 2007 as CUR1350.
Cam FM is run by a committee of annually elected students and alumni of the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University.
Despite successfully applying for a number of short-term FM licences, CUR lacked a way of continuously broadcasting to the University's students, and so struggled to achieve widespread popularity.
The explosive growth of the Internet, along with many colleges installing high-speed Ethernet connections in student rooms, prompted the station to launch a simultaneous webcast in 1998.
Additionally, in 2002 the station successfully applied for a long-term, low-powered AM licence Broadcasting on 1350 kHz, the station was then known as CUR1350.
In 2006, CUR1350 launched a project to install a cable service to multiple sites across the University of Cambridge and ARU.
In March 2009, the station was granted an FM Community Radio Licence by the UK regulator Ofcom, to become the only FM radio station targeting members of Cambridge University and Anglia Ruskin University.
Programmes are produced and presented by undergraduate and postgraduate students and alumni at both the University of Cambridge and the Cambridge campus of Anglia Ruskin University.
Most of the technology used by Cam FM is developed in-house (such as the automated playout system, computerised playout systems and audio routing in the studio) enabling the station to be built to specification.
Sports coverage also earned the station a silver award in 2003, for their annual coverage of the May Bumps—an inter-collegiate rowing competition held on the River Cam.
In 2005 CUR1350 was nominated for 4 awards, the 2005 awards seeing twice as many competing entries as the previous year.
These were for Best Technical Innovation, three for Best Entertainment Programme (Charles Lyon's Weekend Breakfast, Jaine Sykes' Rock Paper Scissors and Ella Belsham and Alex-James Painter's Morning Glory), Best Specialist Music Programme (Tobias Bown's Volume 11), Newcomer of the Year (Jaine Sykes), two for Best Female Presenter (Katherine Godfrey and Jaine Sykes), and Station of the Year (Michael Brooks et al.).
2007 was a successful year for CUR1350 as it scooped a Bronze SRA for Best Entertainment Programme with Charles Lyons' Weekend Breakfast and a Gold SRA for Katherine Godfrey in the Best Female category.
In 2008, CUR1350 was nominated for Station of the year, Specialist Music (Sandy Mill), Outside Broadcast (The May Bumps) and Best Station.
These were for Best Student Radio Chart Show (Tobias Bown and Simon Ruggles) and for Best Event/Outside Broadcast for the May Bumps 2009.
In 2012, Cam FM were awarded a bronze for Best OB/Live event in respect of their coverage of the 2012 May Bumps rowing competition.
The Kevin Greening Award is named in honour of the late BBC Radio One presenter whose career in radio started at CUR.
Callirrhoe was imaged by Spacewatch at Kitt Peak National Observatory from October 6 through November 4, 1999, and originally designated as asteroid ().
It was discovered to be in orbit around Jupiter by Tim Spahr on July 18, 2000, and then given the designation '.
Callirrhoe is about 8.6 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 24.1 million kilometers in 758 days, at an inclination of 141° to the ecliptic (140° to Jupiter's equator) with an eccentricity of 0.28.
This object was probably captured long ago from a heliocentric orbit and the Sun's gravitational influence makes this orbit highly erratic.
It belongs to the Pasiphae group, irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22.8 and 24.1 million kilometers, and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°.
This is because of the finite supply of workers and their time, of capital equipment, and of natural resources, along with the limits of our technology and our management skills.
Graphically, the expansion of output beyond the natural limit can be seen as a shift of production volume above the optimum quantity on the average cost curve.
Likewise, if GDP persists below natural GDP, inflation might decelerate as suppliers lower prices in order to sell more products, utilizing their excess production-capacity.
Potential output in macroeconomics corresponds to one point on the production–possibility curve for a society as a whole, reflecting its natural, technological, and institutional constraints.
There is great disagreement among economists as to what these rates actually are, while the concept itself of NAIRU is rejected by Post-Keynesians as non-valid.
The difference between potential output and actual output is referred to as output gap or GDP gap; it may closely track lags in industrial capacity utilization.
Potential output has also been studied in relation Okun's law as to percentage changes in output associated with changes in the output gap and over time.
The ship commissioned in 1966 and took part in the Beira Patrol and Second Cod War during the 1970s and the Falklands War in 1982.
The ship was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 25 July 1963, was launched on 19 December 1964 and commissioned with the Pennant number F45 on 14 May 1966.
Two oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers fed steam at and to a pair of double reduction geared steam turbines that in turn drove two propeller shafts, with the machinery rated at , giving a speed of .
Anti-aircraft defence was provided by a quadruple Sea Cat surface-to-air missile launcher on the hangar roof, while two Oerlikon 20 mm cannon for close-in defence against surface targets.
A Limbo anti-submarine mortar was fitted aft to provide a short-range anti-submarine capability, while a hangar and helicopter deck allowed a single Westland Wasp helicopter to be operated, for longer range anti-submarine and anti-surface operations.
An MRS3 fire control system was carried over the ship's bridge to direct the 4.5-inch guns, while a GWS22 director for Seacat was mounted on the hangar roof.
The ship had a sonar suite of Type 184 medium range search sonar, Type 162 bottom search and Type 170 attack sonar.
The Limbo anti-submarine mortar was removed to give a larger flight deck and the ship's hangar was enlarged to allow a Westland Lynx helicopter to be operated, while two triple STWS torpedo tubes provided short range anti-submarine capability.
Anti-aircraft armament consisted of one Seacat launcher mounted forward of the Exocet containers and two more mounted aft on the hangar roof, backed up by two Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns on the bridge wings.
Type 1006 navigation radar replaced the old Type 974 radar, while the MRS3 gun control director as replaced by a GWS22 director for the forward Seacat launcher, with a second Seacat director mounted aft.
She returned home briefly for annual leave on 3 July before returning to sea early August on FCS duties and a further BOST.
He held an appointment as Professor Emeritus of finance at the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania and a media analyst with a specialty in corporate and regulatory issues as well as political economy.
Herman was born in Philadelphia to a liberal Democratic family, the son of Abraham Lincoln Herman, a pharmacist and Celia Dektor, a homemaker.
At University of California, Berkeley, from which he received his PhD in 1953, he met economist Robert A. Brady, who had studied the economics of fascist regimes, who was a significant influence upon him.
Herman joined the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania in 1958, where he taught finance and became professor emeritus in 1989.
Chomsky and Herman specify five filters, in particular: the concentration of media ownership to a few corporations, the need to please advertisers and funding sources, the reliance on government-provided sources, flak, and anti-communist ideology.
They argued that because Indonesia was a U.S. ally, U.S. media ignored the East Timorese situation while focusing on that in Cambodia, a U.S. enemy.
To suggest the validity of his point, Shearer uses the examples of the Contras in Nicaragua and the deposed Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines, both supported by the US government and conservatives but not by American public opinion.
He criticized the validity of the term genocide in the case of Srebrenica, pointing out alleged inconsistencies in the case of organized extermination such as the Bosnian Serb Army's bussing of Muslim women and children out of Srebrenica.
Michael F. Bérubé has also said the SRG is dedicated to overturning the findings of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, which has officially designated the Srebrenica massacre as being an example of genocide and the United Nations.
Herman's position on the Srebrenica massacre has been further criticized by Marko Attila Hoare and also by John Feffer and Oliver Kamm.
They argue the Kosovo War, the Rwandan genocide in 1994, and the War in Darfur have been publicized in the West to advance an economic and intellectual agenda.
They contrast media coverage of these events with Sanctions against Iraq and the Iraq War, arguing that despite similar casualties to those massacres which receive the label genocide, there was an inverted response when Western powers were directly involved.
Elsewhere, the book sparked reactions from different authors and journalists like Gerald Caplan, George Monbiot, or James Wizeye, first secretary at the Rwandan High Commission in London.
One issue was French insistence that the aircraft be powered by the SNECMA M88, in development at the same time as the XG-40.
In common with the XG-40, the EJ200 has a three-stage fan with a high pressure ratio, five-stage low-aspect-ratio high-pressure (HP) compressor, a combustor using advanced cooling and thermal protection, and single-stage HP and LP turbines with powder metallurgy discs and single crystal blades.
In 2009, Eurojet entered a bid, in competition with General Electric's F414, to supply a thrust vectoring variant of the EJ200 to power the HAL Tejas.
After evaluation and acceptance of the technical offer provided by both Eurojet and GE Aviation, the commercial quotes were compared in detail and GE Aviation was declared as the lower bidder.
On 20 January 2015 ASELSAN of Turkey and Eurojet Turbo GmbH signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on the EJ200 military turbofan engine programme.
It is envisaged that the collaboration would produce a derivative of the EJ200 with thrust vectoring for use in Turkey's TFX 5th generation air superiority fighter programme.
The Eufighter Typhoon aircraft is equipped with two engine engines but Hürjet will have one.The EJ200 has over 1 million hours of flight experience with two engines.
Some minor changes will take place for the use of a single engine and it will be called a prototype until the engine is certified for single use.
An EJ200 engine, together with a rocket engine, will power the Bloodhound LSR for an attempt at the land speed record.
It is one of the three colleges comprising the Seattle Colleges District and part of the Washington Community and Technical Colleges system.
Founded in 1970, NSC is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, and offers extensive academic programs, as well as more than 40 career training, continuing education, and college preparation programs.
NSC programs include academic degrees, college prep and transfer, cross-disciplinary, continuing and senior adult education, business, early childhood education, electronics and engineering, information technology, health and medical, nanotechnology, and real estate professions.
NSC is also home to the Watch Technology Institute, the only two-year program in the art of Swiss watchmaking and technology in the Western United States.
NSC also provides Running Start, where high school Juniors and Seniors can take college classes to earn high school credits as well as college credits.
Since 2010, as part of a new Washington State educational initiative, North Seattle College began offering Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS) degree programs to students that have previously completed a two-year degree.
The North Seattle College main campus occupies 62 acres, including of environmentally sensitive wetlands, in the Licton Springs/North College Park neighborhood of the Northgate district of Seattle.
The North Seattle College Wetlands sit at the South Fork of Thornton Creek and are important ecological lands for the Thornton Creek watershed as they work as a sponge to hold surge flows of water as well as filtering out pollutants.
The wetlands serve as a critical habitat for many species including the Pacific Tree Frog and Long-toed salamander, as well as several species of avian and plant life.
An interpretive trail is in progress and a map is available with points of interest for those wishing to explore the wetlands further.
Arthur Wharton (28 October 1865 – 13 December 1930) is widely considered to be the first black professional footballer in the world.
Though not the first black player outright – the amateurs Robert Walker, of Queen's Park, and Scotland international player, Andrew Watson predate him – Wharton was the first black professional and the first to play in the Football League.
Wharton moved to England in 1882 at age 19, to train as a Methodist missionary, but soon abandoned this in favour of becoming a full-time athlete.
He was an all-round sportsman – in 1886, he equaled the amateur world record of 10 seconds for the 100-yard sprint in the AAA championship.
However, Wharton is best remembered for his exploits as a footballer; while he was not the first mixed-heritage footballer in the United Kingdom — leading amateurs Robert Walker and Scotland international Andrew Watson predate him — he was the first mixed-heritage footballer to turn professional.
Wharton started as an amateur playing as a goalkeeper for Darlington, where he was spotted by Preston North End after playing against them.
The meeting of both clubs in the FA Cup meant that the match was postponed until February, by which point the Olive Grove was snow covered and the match was switched to Bramall Lane.
Arthur volunteered for the 'Sheffield Wednesday and District' team but despite both clubs being locked into a draw in the first half Preston ran away with the match, winning 8–1.
Arthur did have a connection to Sheffield Wednesday, through his trainer in Sheffield 'Billy' South, who amongst other noted Sheffield sporting icons of the day also trained Wednesday's Tommy Crawshaw.
During the 1894–95 season, Wharton played three games for Sheffield United, against Leicester Fosse, Linfield and Sunderland — the latter being a First Division game, making Wharton the first mixed-heritage player to play in the top flight.
In 1895 he left for Stalybridge Rovers but after falling out with the management moved to Ashton North End in 1897, where he opened a tobacconist shop in Ashton-under-Lyne.
Ashton North End went bankrupt in 1899, and he returned to Stalybridge Rovers, playing with a young Herbert Chapman, before seeing out his career playing for Stockport County of the Second Division in 1901–02.
Having developed a drink problem, Wharton retired from football in 1902 and found employment as a colliery haulage worker at the Yorkshire Main Colliery in Edlington.
In 2003 Wharton was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in recognition of the impact he made on the game.
A campaign to have a statue erected in Darlington as well as in Rotherham to acknowledge Wharton's achievements has gained wide support within the professional game.
In 2012, a small statue of Wharton was presented to Sepp Blatter at the headquarters of FIFA, where it will be on permanent display.
The college has a substantial international student population served by the International Education Programs division as well as many immigrant and refugee students taking ESL courses through the Basic and Transitional Studies division.
Seattle Central College also encompasses the Wood Construction Center and Seattle Maritime Academy, which are on separate campuses to house the very specific tools and workspaces needed.
It operated as a traditional high school until the end of World War II, when it was converted to a vocational and adult education institution for the benefit of veterans who wanted to finish high school.
As a result, in 1946, its high school students were all transferred to Lincoln High School, and the Edison Technical School (which already shared a campus with Broadway High) was expanded to fill the entire facility.
North Seattle Community College and South Seattle Community College opened their doors in 1970, whereupon Seattle Community College was renamed Seattle Central Community College.
Seattle Central College is an urban campus on Seattle's Capitol Hill, located along its main thoroughfare, Broadway, and west of Cal Anderson Park.
West of the Broadway-Edison building stand the four-story Mitchell Activity Center, a bookstore, and on-campus apartments for international students; south stand the three-story Broadway Performance Hall, the South Plaza, and the five-story Fine Arts Building.
Other structures in the southern part of the campus include a three-story South Annex, Erickson Theater, and Siegal Center (the Seattle Colleges District headquarters).
Seattle Central College offers two accredited bachelor's degree programs, a Bachelor of Applied Science in Applied Behavioral Science, and a Bachelor of Applied Science in Allied Health.
The DTA guarantees that all credits taken will be accepted for transfer to any state university in Washington for completion of a bachelor's degree at that institution for persons wanting to pursue a B.A.
Seattle Central's Basic Studies Division offers ESL training to non-native speakers to achieve English proficiency, as well as a GED preparation and testing program.
The Marine Deck Technology program teaches skills designed to prepare students to qualify for an Able Seaman–Special rating, while the Marine Engineering Technology program prepares students to qualify as a marine electrician or junior engineer.
The college's Seattle Culinary Academy offers a five quarter certificate program in Specialty Desserts and Breads, and a six quarter certificate program in Culinary Arts.
Seattle Central's Wood Technology Center offers three certificate programs (carpentry, cabinet making, and marine carpentry) ranging in length from four to six quarters.
It includes racquetball and squash courts, gymnasiums, a strength training facility, and a game room, and is accessible to full-time students for an annual membership fee of $92, and to faculty and staff for a fee of $60.
In that year, college administrators shut it down and cancelled journalism classes after controversial articles by student journalists embarrassed the administrators, prompted student protests, and incurred administrative hostility toward the journalists and their publication.
Written by Seattle Central students, the publication was sponsored by a local business, Cupcake Royale, and received no funding from the college.
It was the only student publication funded by the college until it suspended publication in 2016 due to the lack of an advisor.
A martinet is a short, scourge-like (multi-tail) type of whip made of a wooden handle of about 25 cm (10 inches) in length and about 10 lashes of equal, relatively short length.
Otherwise it was usually applied on the bare buttocks, adding humiliation to the physical pain, like the English and Commonwealth caning, birching, naval cat o' nine tails, American paddling, et cetera.
Many believe that a large share of those sold are meant for use on children, not pets, or at least to threaten them.
The martinet is also used as an implement in erotic spanking scenes, hard to distinguish from the flogger, but that is usually lighter.
This sense of the word reputedly comes from Jean Martinet, Inspector General of the army of Louis XIV, and thus, etymologically, only by accident relates to the earlier sense.
Martinets often use etiquette and other rules as an excuse to trump ethics, to the point that etiquette loses its ethical ground.
Tumak and Akhoba fight over who deserves more of the meat, and Tumak is banished to the harsh desert by his angry father.
They have cave paintings, music, delicate jewelry made from shells, agriculture, and a rudimentary language–all things Tumak seems to have never before encountered.
Emboldened by this example, Loana runs out to escort the child to safety, and Ahot and other men come to Tumak's aid, one of the men being killed before Tumak is finally able to kill the dinosaur.
Meanwhile, Akoba leads a hunting party into the hills to search for prey but loses his footing while trying to take down a ram.
Loana wins the fight but refuses to strike the killing blow, despite the encouragement of the other members of the tribe.
In the midst of a savage hand-to-hand battle, a volcano suddenly erupts: the entire area is stricken by earthquakes and landslides that overwhelm both tribes.
As the film ends, Tumak, Loana, and the surviving members of both tribes emerge from cover to find themselves in a ruined, near-lunar landscape.
As there were no active volcanoes in the Canary Islands, the studio had to construct a 6–7 ft (2-meter) high volcano on the Associated British Picture Corporation's studio back lot.
The eruption, lava explosions and lava flows were composed of a mixture of wallpaper paste, oatmeal, dry ice and red dye.
The film uses three live creatures: a green iguana, a warthog, and a tarantula (a cricket can be seen at the tarantula's side).
At the time, he felt the use of real creatures would convince the audience that all of what they were about to see was indeed real.
This supposedly massive skeleton was actually only about 12 inches in length, made of plaster and shot against a blue backing and matted into the foreground.
They used an actor suspended on wires and Harryhausen positioned an animated model man over the actor, on the rear projection plate; thus it seemed as if the live actor was being eaten.
Harryhausen then placed a miniature part in the creature's mouth which, when all lined up on the rear projection plate, blended in perfectly.
John Richardson, the actor who played Tumak, held nothing in the long shots and pretended to have a pole in his hands, but he did hold a pole in the close-up shots.
Later, when the creature takes her to its nest, the nest was matted into the scene atop a real rock face by double printing the film.
When Andress passed on the project due to commitments and salary demands, a search for a replacement resulted in the selection of Welch.
Many noted photographers had been flown to Tenerife by 20th Century Fox on a publicity junket, but the iconic pose of Welch was taken by the unit still photographer.
It was re-released in Italy on compact disc in 1994 and now out of print, as a soundtrack compilation with two other Hammer films included.
It was first screened on 25 October, 1966 at the London Trade Show with a general release in the United Kingdom on 30 December, 1966 by Warner-Pathé and the United States on 21 February, 1967 by 20th Century Fox.
In October 2016, a special 2-disc 50th anniversary edition DVD and Blu-ray was released in the U.K. by Studio Canal, with new interviews with Welch and Beswick, new Ray Harryhausen storyboard stills, and other promotional imagery.
In the United States a Blu-ray was released on 14 February, 2017 by Kino Lorber Studio Classic and includes the international (Disc 1) and U.S. cut (Disc 2) of the film.
Despite the censorship upon release in the U.S., the film was still popular and made $2.5 million in U.S. rentals during its first year of release.
According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $2,250,000 in rentals to break even and made $4,425,000, meaning it made a solid profit.
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 62% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 5.64/10.
The General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136 was an advanced turbofan engine being developed by General Electric and Rolls-Royce plc for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II.
All early F-35s were to be powered by the Pratt & Whitney F135 but it was planned that engine contracts would be competitively tendered from Lot 6 onward.
The engines selected would be either the F135 or an engine produced by the GE/RR Fighter Engine Team and designated the F136.
The GE/RR Fighter Engine Team was a co-operation between GE Aviation in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (60% share) and Rolls-Royce in Bristol, United Kingdom and Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (40% share).
In August 2005, the United States Department of Defense awarded the GE and Rolls-Royce team a $2.4 billion contract to develop its F136 engine.
The contract was for the system development and demonstration (SDD) phase of the F136 initiative, scheduled to run until September 2013.
The US Defense budget announced on 6 February 2006 excluded the F136 — leaving Pratt & Whitney, maker of the F135 engine, as the sole provider of engines for the Lockheed Martin F-35 fighters.
In November 2006, the General Electric/Rolls-Royce team successfully completed a 3-month preliminary design review by the F-35 Program Office and the prime contractor, Lockheed Martin.
During CDR, the U.S. Government's Joint Program Office for the F-35 Lightning II validated and approved the design of the engine.
Also during the review, every aspect of the engine design was analyzed and evaluated in order to proceed with the building of the first full development engines.
On 20 March 2008, the F136 successfully completed a high-altitude afterburner testing program at the US Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tennessee, including common exhaust hardware for the F-35 Lightning II aircraft.
All test objectives were reached as planned using an engine configured with Conventional Takeoff and Landing (CTOL) and Short Takeoff Vertical Landing (STOVL) common exhaust systems.
The GE Rolls-Royce Fighter Engine Team successfully completed Short Take Off, Vertical Landing (STOVL) testing on an F136 engine at the GE testing facility at Peebles, Ohio on 16 July 2008.
The first complete new-build F136 engine began testing 30 January 2009, under the System Development and Demonstration (SDD) contract with the US Government Joint Program Office for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program.
Citing the Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009, the GE Rolls-Royce Fighter Engine Team submitted an unsolicited fixed-price offer for the F136 to the Pentagon on 28 September 2009.
According to the GE Rolls-Royce Fighter Engine Team, the proposal would shift significant cost risk from taxpayers to the Fighter Engine Team until head-to-head competition begins between the F136 and the Pratt & Whitney F135 engine in 2013.
From 2006 to 2010 the Defense Department has not requested funding for the alternate F136 engine program, but Congress has maintained program funding.
In a report filed on 18 June 2009, the House Armed Services Committee cited Pratt & Whitney F135 engine program cost overruns of $1.872 billion as cause to continue funding the F136 engine.
On 2 November 2009, the F136 team said that they would redesign a small part of the diffuser leading to the combustor after a failure during testing.
The GE Rolls-Royce Fighter Engine Team is currently in the fourth year of its System Development and Demonstration (SDD) contract with the US Government Joint Program Office.
On 24 March 2011, the Department of Defense issued a 90-day temporary stop work order after Congress failed to pass the defense budget.
GE declared that it would continue work on the engine program with their own funds in spite of the stop-work order, as allowed in the order and as had been suggested by Schwartz the previous year.
On 25 April 2011, the Department of Defense ended the contract with GE and demanded that the engines built to date be turned over.
On 5 May 2011, GE and RR offered to pay for the development through FY2012 and asked for access to the materials.
By switching to self funding the cost would reduce from $480 million a year to only $100 million, 60% to be paid by GE and 40% to be paid by RR.
After self-funding the project GE and Rolls-Royce announced on 2 December 2011, that they would not continue development of the F136 engine because it is not in their best interest.
During the year, GE said that development of the engines was 80% complete; the remaining work would have required US$1.9-2.6 billion in funding.
Combined with thrust from the LiftFan () and two roll posts ( each), the Rolls-Royce LiftSystem produces a total of of thrust.
Zoosemiotics is the semiotic study of the use of signs among animals, more precisely the study of semiosis among animals, i.e.
The field is defined by having as its subject matter all of those semiotic processes that are shared by both animals and humans.
The field also differs from the field of animal communication in that it also interprets signs that are not communicative in the traditional sense, such as camouflage, mimicry, courtship behavior etc.
Recurring characters include Hothead's cat Chicken, her wise mystical friend Roz, a talking lamp, and her trans lover Daphne (whose gender was never specified).
The annual Walkley Awards, under the administration of the Walkley Foundation for Journalism, are presented in Australia to recognise and reward excellence in journalism.
The 33 categories judged in 2008 embraced news and feature writing; artwork, cartoons and photography; radio and TV reporting and interviewing; business, international and sport, indigenous affairs, social commentary and investigative journalism.
Awards were instituted in five categories in 1956 by businessman Sir William Walkley, founder of Ampol Petroleum Ltd. After his death, the awards were handled by the Australian Journalists' Association which, in 1992 was merged into the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance.
Entries are initially evaluated by a jury on newsworthiness, research, writing, production, incisiveness, impact, public benefit, ethics, originality, innovation and creative flair—or other relevant criteria in respect of graphics and electronic media.
The finalists are formally announced in October of each year and the awards are presented at a formal ceremony in late November or early December.
The 2015 ceremony was held on 3 December 2015 at Crown Casino in Melbourne and was broadcast through an online live stream, as well as on A-PAC.
In 2016, the event moved to the Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, with the event again broadcast on A-PAC and live streamed online as well as on the Sky News Election Channel.
In 2006 the Walkley Awards ceremony descended into chaos when Glenn Milne physically and verbally attacked rival journalist Stephen Mayne live on stage.
A housing cooperative, housing co-op, or housing company (especially in Finland), is a legal entity, usually a cooperative or a corporation, which owns real estate, consisting of one or more residential buildings; it is one type of housing tenure.
Housing cooperatives are a distinctive form of home ownership that has many characteristics that differ from other residential arrangements such as single family home ownership, condominiums and renting.
A primary advantage of the housing cooperative is the pooling of the members' resources so that their buying power is leveraged, thus lowering the cost per member in all the services and products associated with home ownership.
Another key element in some forms of housing cooperatives (but not Finnish housing companies, for example) is that the members, through their elected representatives, screen and select who may live in the cooperative, unlike any other form of home ownership.
Housing cooperatives fall into two general tenure categories: non-ownership (referred to as non-equity or continuing) and ownership (referred to as equity or strata).
In equity cooperatives, occupancy rights are sometimes granted by way of the purchase agreements and legal instruments registered on the title.
As a legal entity, a co-op can contract with other companies or hire individuals to provide it with services, such as a maintenance contractor or a building manager.
It can also hire employees, such as a manager or a caretaker, to deal with specific things that volunteers may prefer not to do or may not be good at doing, such as electrical maintenance.
In non-equity cooperatives and in limited equity cooperatives, a shareholder in a co-op does not own real estate, but a share of the legal entity that does own real estate.
Co-operative ownership is quite distinct from condominiums where people own individual units and have little say in who moves into the other units.
Because of this, most jurisdictions have developed separate legislation, similar to laws that regulate companies, to regulate how co-ops are operated and the rights and obligations of shareholders.
Since the housing cooperative holds title to all the property and housing structures, it bears the cost of maintaining, repairing and replacing them.
However, another hallmark of cooperative living is that it is nonprofit, so that the work is done at cost, with no profit motive involved.
Most cooperatives are incorporated as limited stock companies where the number of votes an owner has is tied to the number of shares owned by the person.
Whichever form of voting is employed it is necessary to conduct an election among shareholders to determine who will represent them on the board of directors (if one exists), the governing body of the co-operative.
Although politics vary from co-op to co-op and depend largely on the wishes of its members, it is a general rule that a majority vote of the board is necessary to make business decisions.
In larger co-ops, members of a co-op typically elect a board of directors from amongst the shareholders at a general meeting, usually the annual general meeting.
A housing cooperative's board of directors is elected by the membership, providing a voice and representation in the governance of the property.
Rules are determined by the board, providing a flexible means of addressing the issues that arise in a community to assure the members' peaceful possession of their homes.
There is no point in creating a deliberate surplus—except for operational requirements such as setting aside funds for replacement of assets—since that simply means that the rents paid by members are set higher than the expenses.
In the lifecycle of buildings, the replacement of assets (capital repairs) requires significant funds which can be obtained through a variety of ways: assessments on current owners; sales of Treasury Stock (former rental units) to new shareholders; draw downs of reserves; unsecured loans; operating surpluses; fees on the sales of units between shareholders and new and increases to existing mortgages.
With market rate, the share price is allowed to rise on the open market and shareholders may sell at whatever price the market will bear when they want to move out.
In many ways market rate is thus similar financially to owning a condominium, with the difference being that often the co-op may carry a mortgage, resulting in a much higher monthly fee paid to the co-op than would be so in a condominium.
A sub-set of the limited equity model is the no-equity model, which looks very much like renting, with a very low purchase price (comparable to a rental security deposit) and a monthly fee in lieu of rent.
Research from Toronto, Canada found that housing cooperatives had residents rate themselves as having the highest quality of life and housing satisfaction of any housing organisation in the city.
Other research among older residents from rural USA found that those living in housing cooperatives felt much safer, independent, satisfied with life, had more friends, had more privacy, were healthier and had things repaired faster.
Australian researchers found that cooperative housing built stronger social networks and support, as well as better relationships with neighbours compared to other forms of housing.
Other research has found that housing cooperatives tended to have higher rates of building quality, building safety, feelings of security among residents, lower crime rates, stable access to housing and significantly lower costs compared to conventional housing.
Given that each Province has different legislation under which co-operative housing communities are incorporated and organized, descriptions of the different ownership housing co-op forms pertain often only to the Province in which they exist.
Their main common denominator is that once built and occupied, the co-op continues to own 100% of the units and each member/shareholder is entitled to occupy a home on the basis of some form of contract or housing agreement.
Members pay a monthly fee which covers all of the co-op's costs including mortgage payments, taxes, operating costs and building replacement reserve fund allocations.
In Alberta, ownership co-ops were introduced in 1987 with the building of a twin high-rise tower development in Edmonton (Riverwind Strata Title Housing Co-operative).
The individual units within these co-op developments are sub-divided by using the strata title provision of the Land Titles Act, thus creating individual three-dimensional strata lots.
Co-ownership co-ops are generally older apartment buildings, incorporated before the Ontario Condominium Act, 1973 came into existence, where shareholders each own one voting share in the corporation that owns the building and have a registered right to occupy individual units as described on their share certificate.
Most of these types of co-ops date from the thirties, forties and fifties and are located in the City of Toronto.
They are similar to condominiums, in that units may be bought and sold by private sale or on the open market.
Until relatively recently, these units tended to be bought by older people with home equity who could buy the unit outright, as it was difficult to get a mortgage against these units.
However, a number of Ontario credit unions are now offering limited financing, provided that that individual co-op corporations meet their fiscal standards, making these units affordable housing options for younger buyers.
Incoming owners must be approved by the building's Board of Directors, and agree to abide by building by-laws and Occupancy Agreements.
Equity co-ops are buildings in which individuals purchase a percentage share of the building and the land on which it is built tied to the square footage of their unit; all owners own the building collectively, with exclusive rights to occupy their own unit.
They are a relatively new form of construction, designed to encourage owner occupancy by having the building's corporation hold back a percentage of the unit's share equity to ensure owner occupancy.
This legal structure is used as an alternative to condominium registration, either when the government will not allow conversion of an existing apartment building to a condominium, or to avoid the expense and difficulty of doing so.
Then there are co-ops that provide all the privileges of ownership except for the right to make (or lose) money on a primary residence and are run by the people who live there.
The federal and provincial governments in Canada developed legislation in the 1970s that assisted new housing co-ops by providing start-up funding and financing through mortgages insured by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), a federal government agency.
The government simultaneously began to encourage the development of co-operative development resource groups to contract with fledgling boards of directors of housing co-ops to develop co-operatives in existing multi-residential properties, in turnkey buildings or buildings designed and constructed by architects and builders with which the board contracted to deliver the service.
Supervised by the board, the resource groups marketed the units to suitable members, educated them about their rights and obligations as co-operators, and established a management structure which usually included co-op employees or property management companies.
The federal government tied its loan assistance to requirements that these housing co-ops provide a percentage of their units, usually at least 15 to 20 percent, for termed, income-tested residents.
These people voluntarily provide information to the co-op on a confidential basis about their gross income, and their monthly housing charge (rent)is then calculated according to a formula.
If the calculated charge is less than the market rent of the units, then the federal government, through another formula, would provide funding to those units to bring their unit revenue up to the market rate.
This produced mixed-income co-op housing, in which relatively well-off people lived side-by-side with relatively low-income people and worked with them on committees.
Depending on one's political point of view, such government payments for offsetting the housing charge could be considered a subsidy of the low-income members, or a contractual business arrangement between the government and the co-op, which helps to stabilize revenue to the co-op in exchange for accomplishing a social goal for the government for a specific period.
This dichotomy is typical of the fact that a housing co-op is somewhere between a private business corporation and a social agency, and where one places it depends on one's viewpoint—and the collective viewpoint of each housing co-op.
Political will dissipated in Canada in the 1990s, however, as other issues occupied politicians and financial belt-tightening by the governments reduced the funds available for the mortgages.
However, not-for-profit housing co-operatives are committed to the mixed-income concept and have not been able to make much use of the few opportunities that have come available in recent years.
Also, the term of many of the government agreements concerning funding for housing subsidies is coming to an end, provoking a debate in individual co-ops and the co-op movement on the extent to which co-ops should continue to be mixed-income forms of housing.
Most provinces have similar organizations for their area, but many are stand-alone members of the CHF Canada, as opposed to being branches of it.
Each such organization charges its member co-operatives a fee based on the number of housing units in the co-op to pay for staff to do its work.
These organizations do not act for individual members and do not give members advice when the member encounters problems with the Board of their co-op.
In most jurisdictions, there are no organizations for members of housing co-operatives, in contrast with tenants in a traditional landlord-and-tenant relationship, who can be assisted by various tenant advocacy groups.
In Ontario, the eviction of members of a housing co-operative is governed by a special section of legislation set out in the Co-operative Corporations Act.
If the Board of Directors of the co-operative cannot resolve the member issue, which is a cause for possible termination of occupancy rights, it can pass a motion to send the member a notice to appear requiring the member to attend at a Board meeting at which the termination (eviction) of that member's occupancy will be considered.
If the Board votes to terminate an occupancy (evict), the member has a right of appeal to the membership as a whole.
Sometimes this hearing is conducted like a trial, with oral evidence from both sides, while at other times it is conducted based only on written documents submitted to the court; the practice varies from judge-to-judge and courthouse to courthouse, and there is no consensus on the proper procedure or what right a member has to be heard.
This process is different from evictions of rental tenants, which proceed in Ontario before a specialized tribunal and in which the tenant is always entitled to an oral hearing.
The standard of deference that judges should show to the decisions of Boards is a controversial and unresolved issue in the law, with various cases taking seemingly inconsistent positions on the issue.
Student housing co-operatives also can be found in many parts of Canada including Kingston, Guelph, Waterloo and Toronto, Ontario; New Westminster, British Columbia; Edmonton, Alberta; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Montreal, Quebec; and Fredericton, New Brunswick.
Owning an apartment in Finland usually means owning shares in a housing company; ownership of a certain set of shares, in turn, confers the right to use a certain part of the building owned by the company.
Except for a very limited number of co-ops that follow the strict Rochdale Principles of one vote, all Finnish housing cooperatives are incorporated as (non-profit) limited-liability companies (, ), where one share usually represents one square meter of the apartment, but may represent the whole apartment.
The first housing cooperatives were built around 1900, many of them in the Helsinki neighborhood of Katajanokka, in the national romantic Jugend style.
Sale of shares in housing companies with state loans were restricted by limited equity rules for 50 years, the price of the shares was limited by an index.
The Finnish model of the housing company was also the basis of the modern U.S. co-ops, as the first cooperative, the Finnish Home Building Association in Finntown (Brooklyn, New York), was started in 1918 by Finnish immigrants.
It was formed as a self-help community and built with financial assistance from the municipal government, specifically for female senior citizens.
Generally, the association's activities are tied to the purpose above, in particular, the development of a popular entity called the University of Knowledge of the Elderly (UNISAVIE: Université du savoir des vieux), and the initiation of a movement to promote other living places that are organized into similar networks.
Monthly meetings assure the optimal routines of the building and ensure that each person may participate fully and with complete liberty of expression.
Plans set out the routine intervention of a mediator who could help get to the bottom of the causes of eventual conflicts in order to allow for their resolution.
The success of the Paris co-op inspired several Canadian grassroots groups to adopt similar values in senior housing initiatives; these values include autonomy and self-management, solidarity and mutual aid, civic engagement, and ecological responsibility.
The public housing cooperatives are organised in the GdW Bundesverband deutscher Wohnungs- und Immobilienunternehmen (The Federal association of German housing and real estate enterprise registered associations).
The laws governing the building, its governing body and how flats within the building are transferred differ from state to state.
The members are legally owners of their own apartment but have to cooperate in the association for the maintenance of the building as a whole.
These loans will then be paid off during a fixed periods of years (typically 20-30), and once this is done, the cooperative is dispersed and the flats are transformed into condominiums.
In Sweden, 16% of the population lives in apartments in housing cooperatives, while 25% live in rented apartments (more common among young adults and immigrants) and 50% live in private one-family houses (more common among families with children), the remainder living in other forms such as student dormitories or elderly homes.
The Confederation of Co-operative Housing provides information on housing cooperatives in the United Kingdom and has published a guide on setting them up.
Factors of raising cost of living for students and quality of accommodation have led to a drive for Student Housing Co-operatives within the UK inspired by the existing North American Student Housing Cooperatives and their work through North American Students of Cooperation.
In the United States, housing co-ops are usually categorized as corporations or LLCs and are found in abundance from Madison, Wisconsin to the Greater New York metropolitan area.
There are also a number of cooperative and mutual housing projects still in operation across the US that were the result of the purchase of federal defense housing developments by their tenants or groups of returning war veterans and their families.
These developments include seven of the eight middle-class housing projects built by the US Government between 1940-42 under the auspices of the Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division of the Federal Works Agency.
There are many regional housing cooperative associations, such as the Midwest Association of Housing Cooperatives, which is based in Michigan and serves the Midwest region, covering Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and more.
This organization is a nonprofit, national federation of housing cooperatives, mutual housing associations, other resident-owned or controlled housing, professionals, organizations, and individuals interested in promoting the interests of cooperative housing communities.
NAHC is the only national cooperative housing organization, and aims to support and educate existing and new cooperative housing communities as the best and most economical form of homeownership.
NASCO, or North American Students of Cooperation, is an organization founded in 1968 that has helped organized cooperative living for students.
With a presence in over 100 towns and cities across North America, NASCO has provided tens of thousands of students with sustainable housing.
Apartment buildings and multiple-family housing make up a more significant share of the housing stock in the New York City area than in most other U.S. cities, and the cooperative form of ownership has dominated over the condominium form.
Most of the housing cooperatives in the Greater New York area were converted to that status during the 1980s; generally, they were large buildings built between the 1920s and 1950s that a single landlord or corporation owned and rented out that became unprofitable as rental properties.
To encourage individual ownership of units, the initial buyers of units (buying from the owner of the entire building) did not have to be approved by a board.
Also, the rental tenants living in the building at the time of the conversion were usually given an option to buy at a discount.
If the tenants were rent-controlled, the law usually protects them by allowing them to stay as renters and the unit may not be occupied by a purchaser until said tenant dies or moves out.
Many of these buildings, especially in Manhattan, are actually quite luxurious and exclusive; many celebrities live in them and some famous people are even rejected by co-op boards.
In the 1990s and 2000s some rental buildings in the Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach areas went through a similar conversion process, though not to the degree of New York.
Many of the cooperatives originally built as co-ops were sponsored by trade unions, such as the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.
The United Housing Foundation was set up in 1951 and built Co-op City in The Bronx, designed by architect Herman Jessor.
Another dynamic also contributed to the large number of cooperatives established in the 1980s and 1990s in New York City – in this case by low- and moderate-income tenant groups.
In the 1970s, many New York City private landlords were struggling to maintain their aging properties in the face of high interest rates, redlining, white flight and rising fuel costs.
The period also saw some landlord-induced arson to obtain insurance proceeds and widespread non-payment of real estate taxes – over 20% of multi-family residential properties were in arrears in the mid-1970s.
In 1977, the city passed Local Law #45, which allowed the city to begin foreclosure proceedings after just one year of non-payment of taxes, not three, resulting in the takeover of thousands of buildings, many of them occupied, by the city of New York through a legal action known as an in rem foreclosure.
In September 1978, the city's housing agency, the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD), created a series of new housing programs designed to give building residents and community groups control and eventual ownership of in rem buildings.
The Urban Homesteading Assistance Board (UHAB), established in 1974, began to assist residents of these buildings to manage, rehabilitate and acquire their buildings, and form limited-equity housing co-operatives.
Working with the city's housing agency, its existing loan programs and the power to dispose of abandoned property to non-profit organizations, as well as the state laws governing the establishment of co-operatives, UHAB was able to provide low-income people with the tools – seed money, legal advice, architectural plans, bookkeeping training – to build and run limited-equity housing co-operatives.
Through a long-standing contract with the city to provide training and technical assistance to residents of buildings in the Tenant Interim Lease (TIL) Program, UHAB has worked with more than 1,600 coops, preserving over 30,000 units of affordable housing.
Built for service during World War II, the ship was launched in March 1944, and commissioned in April, and served as a replenishment carrier.
However, she was recommissioned in August 1950, and assigned to become an auxiliary vessel as a part of Military Sealift Command.
She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by 8 Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
She was named after the Battle of Cape Esperance, an early and inconclusive naval battle fought in support of the Guadalcanal campaign.
She was launched on 3 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. W. M. McDade; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 9 April 1944, with Captain Robert Wurts Bockius in command.
She then underwent two transport missions, ferrying new aircraft to bases in the South and West Pacific, and returning to the West Coast with damaged aircraft.
She rendezvoused with the other replenishment carriers on 2 November, and provided replacement aircraft to the Fast Carrier Task Force operating against Japanese positions on Leyte and Luzon.
The replenishment carriers would meet with the frontline carriers at designated rendezvous days, during which supplies and aircraft would be transferred.
The Third Fleet had been operating against positions on Luzon since 14 December, but its escorting destroyers ran low on fuel.
As a part of Task Unit 30.8.14, she rendezvoused with the Third Fleet about east of Luzon early on 17 December.
The location had been chosen because it lay out of range of Japanese fighters, but it also happened to lie within Typhoon Alley, where many Pacific tropical cyclones transited.
At 01:00 in the night, fueling operations were attempted with the destroyers, although heavy winds and listing seas complicated the matter.
He ordered his fleet to move to the next morning's planned rendezvous spot, approximately northwest, and comfortably safe from the typhoon's impacts.
To make matters worse for the Third Fleet, Halsey ordered the fleet to proceed northwards at 22:20, putting the fleet in the quadrant of the typhoon with the highest winds.
Blurry data and observations meant that command had little idea of where the typhoon actually was, with some weather maps pinning the typhoon's center some away, even whilst the fleet sailed directly into the eye.
The aircraft on the flight deck had been tied down, weight had been transferred downwards to lower the ship's center of gravity, the hatches had been battened down, and the crew had been informed to stay on the port side of the carrier to counteract any list in the ship.
The ship's aircraft elevators had also been lowered, in the hopes that this transferred weight would negate the lists generated from the wind.
Conflicting orders meant that some of the destroyers attempted to do some fueling during the morning, even as waves with an estimated height of pounded the task force.
The ship's officers began discussing the possibility of jettisoning the aircraft on the flight deck to make the ship less top-heavy, before discarding the idea.
The typhoon's winds solved the weight problem, by ripping the aircraft on the flight deck from their restraints, and carrying them into the ocean.
However, at 12:28, an aircraft ended up stuck on the forward starboard stack, and caught on fire, forcing an evacuation of the bridge.
The fire sparked by the aircraft, which had threatened to become a conflagration because of the aircraft's fuel tanks, ended up being extinguished by the rain.
At 16:00, another plane on the flight deck broke loose, and plummeted through the open forward aircraft elevator, landing on another plane.
She continued her duties as a replenishment carrier through the New Year, although repairs were made at bases in Guam and Ulithi.
Until news of the surrender of Japan broke, she acted as a transport carrier, transporting newly minted aircraft from the United States to the West Pacific, in order to replace heavy war losses over Okinawa and the Japanese home islands.
Following the end of the war, she joined the Operation Magic Carpet fleet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from around the Pacific.
She first made a run from San Diego to Pearl Harbor, ferrying aircraft and veterans to San Francisco, where she arrived on 11 September 1945.
After being released from the Magic Carpet fleet, she proceeded to Bremerton, Washington, where she was decommissioned on 22 August 1946, and subsequently mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
She engaged in an average of nine transpacific voyages per year, reinforcing forces of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, as well as U.S. assets in the Pacific.
In 1952, she steamed for Hong Kong, where she evacuated planes of the Republic of China Air Force which were in danger of being seized by advancing PLA forces.
She was reclassified as an utility aircraft transport carrier, T-CVU-55, on 12 June 1955, and began conducting transatlantic voyages, ferrying aircraft to bases in Western Europe.
She was abandoned in favor of s, who served for another decade as transport carriers, before they too became obsolete and uneconomical.
She was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1102) on 6 February 1943 at Vancouver, Washington, by the Kaiser Shipyards; launched on 15 September 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Frederick Carl Sherman, the wife of Rear Admiral Frederick Sherman; and commissioned on 7 November 1943, with Captain Hames R. Tague in command.
The carrier operated in the Puget Sound area conducting structural firing tests and making stops at Port Townsend, Sinclair Inlet, and Seattle before sailing south on 6 December.
She arrived at San Francisco, California on 10 December, took on fuel, and, two days later, headed for San Diego, arriving there on 14 December for shakedown and availability.
She arrived at Recife on 1 March and made stops at Cape Town, South Africa, and Diego Suarez Harbor, Madagascar, before arriving at Karachi on 29 March.
She then took on board the planes and personnel of VC-58 and, on 15 June, set course toward Bermuda for duty as the nucleus of Task Group 22.6 (TG 22.6), a combined, air-and-surface, anti-submarine, hunter-killer group.
The highlight of her cruise came on 2 July, when one of her Grumman TBM Avengers intercepted the off the coast of Africa between the Canary and Cape Verde Islands, making its way home after an unsuccessful patrol in the Gulf of Guinea.
However, no evidence appeared to confirm the kill, so the carrier and her escorts spent the next two weeks hunting the already-destroyed submarine.
TG 22.6 began her next serious encounter with the enemy two minutes before noon on 2 August, when sighted a U-boat's conning tower some eight miles (13 km) away.
Following post-repair trials and a brief availability, the escort carrier sailed on 29 August for Quonset Point, Rhode Island, to relieve on carrier aircraft qualification operation duty which lasted until 30 October.
The next day, the carrier sailed for Norfolk with and as escorts, and arrived on 1 November for a period of availability.
On the 11th, she stood out of Norfolk in company with and escorts bound via the Panama Canal for the west coast.
The carrier entered San Francisco Bay on 28 November, and moored at the Naval Air Station Alameda, California, where she embarked two new aircraft squadrons before heading for Hawaii the following day.
She moored at Ford Island, Pearl Harbor on 5 December, detached squadrons VC-9 and VPB-149, and disembarked personnel, planes, and equipment.
She arrived at Manus Island on 27 December, discharged all cargo and passengers, sailed for the Palau Islands, and arrived at Kossol Roads on New Year's Day 1945.
Late that evening, she loaded ammunition from a barge and got underway at 0642, bound for the Philippines and the forthcoming invasion of Luzon, in company with a tremendous fleet which had gathered for the operation.
She burned with explosions of ammunition and was finally scuttled astern of the fleet by a torpedo from an American destroyer.
At 1655, the ship again went to general quarters to repel an air attack and for the next hour was under severe attack.
She caught fire and dropped behind, but her efficient damage control efforts enabled her to resume her position in the formation in only 51 minutes, with her flight deck out of commission.
On 10 February 1945, the carrier got underway to join TG 52.2, which had been established to provide air cover and support while escorting major units to the Volcano Islands and then to furnish naval gunfire, spotting, and direct air support for landing forces.
On 14 February, the carrier set course for Iwo Jima and, two days later, arrived at her operating area 49 miles (79 km) from the southwestern tip of Iwo Jima.
The following day, she took station some 35 miles (56 km) from the southern tip of Iwo Jima and flew 55 spotting sorties, expending 205 rockets.
I have seen nearly all the combat CVEs' work and I must say the Wake tops them all for efficiency, smoothness and good judgement.
On 25 March, she arrived in the operating area roughly 60 miles (100 km) south of Okinawa Jima and began sending flights over Kerama Retto beaches and Okinawa.
At the same instant, two Wildcats broke loose from their lashings on the hangar deck and collided, with major damage to both.
At 1744, a Japanese single-engine aircraft plunged at the ship from a high angle and missed the port forward corner of the flight deck, exploding in the water abreast the forecastle.
Thirty seconds later, a second similar aircraft whistled down on the starboard side at tremendous speed, narrowly missing the bridge structure and plunging into the water about 10 feet (3 m) from the hull.
The aircraft exploded after impact, ripping a hole in the ship's side below the waterline, about 45 feet (14 m) long and about 18 feet (5.5 m) from top to bottom, and making many shrapnel holes.
Other shell plating buckled, and the main condensers were flooded with salt water, contaminating some 30,000 US gallons (110 m³) of fresh water and 70,000 US gallons (260 m³) of fuel oil.
Remarkably, there were no injuries; and, by 2140, corrective measures had been taken, and the ship was again steaming on both engines.
While she remained there undergoing inspection by the fleet salvage officer, special precautions were taken to guard against possible Japanese suicide swimmers from islands of the cluster not yet secured.
The carrier set course for Guam on 6 April 1945, and, four days later arrived at Apra Harbor for repairs in drydock which lasted through 20 May.
The next day, the ship, in company with , headed for Okinawa where she resumed her mission of supporting the troops on the island.
At Kaika Harbor, Kerama Retto, she loaded bombs, rockets, and dry and fresh provisions, despite many enemy aircraft in the vicinity.
The carrier made rendezvous with for refueling, and once her tanks were full, returned to the operating area off Okinawa on 6 June 1945.
Upon her arrival at Port Apra on 24 June, all personnel of squadron VOC-1 were transferred to Naval Air Base Agana.
Arriving back at Guam, the carrier unloaded ammunition and aviation spares and took on board 300 sacks of United States mail along with 10 Corsair and 20 Curtiss SB2C Helldiver duds for transportation, then sailed for Pearl Harbor in company with and .
A week later, the ship arrived at Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, where she unloaded her cargo and took on board 138 enlisted men and 49 officers as passengers to the continental United States.
While moored at North Island, San Diego, the carrier took on board six Avengers, 10 Wildcats, 53 officers, and 13 men of VC-75 for training and carrier aircraft landing qualifications off San Nicholas Island.
Personnel of VF-41 and representatives of Ryan Aeronautical came on board during the morning of 5 November, and the escort carrier got underway from the Naval Air Station, San Diego, in company with .
Before the reciprocating powerplant failed completely, he started the General Electric I-16 jet engine and returned to the ship, thus making the first ever landing by jet power alone on a carrier.
She was decommissioned on 5 April; struck from the Naval Vessel Register on the 17th; and subsequently sold for scrap to the Boston Metals Company, Baltimore, Maryland, on 19 April 1946.
By the time she reached Tarawa on 3 February, the undefended Majuro Atoll had been occupied, and the Japanese garrison at Kwajalein Atoll had been all but subdued.
In April, she embarked her own permanently assigned air unit, Composite Squadron 4 (VC-4), composed of 16 Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters and 12 Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo planes.
She departed the West Coast from the San Diego Naval Base on 24 April, and she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 1 May.
During the assault on Saipan, her planes continued to cover the Fleet against submarine and air attack, strafed the beaches, and spotted shellfire for gunfire support ships.
She completed her participation during the first week in August and departed the Marianas and headed for Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides.
In contrast to the Marianas campaign and later operations, the Palaus, though extremely difficult on the troops ashore, brought little opposition to the ships in the waters surrounding the islands.
No enemy air attacks developed because the Japanese were husbanding their aircraft for the defense of the Philippines, and as a result of Japan's new strategic concept of defense in depth at some distance from the beaches, few shore batteries were sited near enough to the coast to fire upon ships.
However, because of the strategic importance of the Philippines which lay athwart their lines of communication with the East Indies, the Japanese chose to oppose the landings with their surface fleet.
While a decoy force of carriers under Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa moved south from Japan in an attempt to draw off Halsey's Third Fleet and the large carriers, the forces under Vice Admirals Shōji Nishimura and Kiyohide Shima attempted to force the Surigao Strait from the south, and Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force tried to sneak through the Central Philippines and transit the hopefully unguarded San Bernardino Strait.
The Center Force, by far the strongest of the enemy fleets involved, consisted of five battleships - including the huge superbattleships and - 11 heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and 19 destroyers.
In addition, on the night of 24 October and 25 October, Vice Admiral Oldendorf's old battleships in Leyte Gulf obliterated Nishimura's force and sent Shima's packing.
In the meantime, after Admiral Halsey received information indicating that a battered Center Force had begun retirement, Ozawa's decoy force finally managed to draw the American carriers off to the north.
However, Kurita's retrograde movement proved to be only temporary, and he once again reversed course and headed back toward San Bernardino Strait.
With Oldendorf regrouping his warships in Leyte Gulf and Halsey off chasing the Japanese Navy's aircraft carriers, only three Task Groups—composed of escort carriers, destroyers, and destroyer escorts—remained off Samar island between Kurita and Leyte Gulf.
Rear Admiral Sprague was incredulous about the presence of the Japanese Navy, and he demanded identification verification—which came, disconcertingly enough, when the enemy battleships' pagoda-style masts loomed over the horizon.
While the ship was not struck directly, the mining effect of the under-keel explosion severely damaged her hull, deranged her starboard machinery and tripped all of the circuit breakers in her electrical network.
Prompt and effective damage control restored power and communications within three minutes and she was able to remain in formation by overspeeding her port engine to compensate.
The aircraft carriers' warplanes fought back, even making dummy runs on the Japanese ships to slow the ships' speed of advance after expending all their bombs, torpedoes, and ammunition.
The Japanese surface force broke off its pursuit from 0912–0917 hours, and after milling around in apparent confusion for a time, retired northward to San Bernardino Strait.
Her antiaircraft gunners responded, hitting one of the intruders, which immediately changed course and crashed into USS , which eventually sank.
After an inspection of the damage, it was decided that the battered escort carrier should return to the United States for complete repairs.
Accordingly, she departed from Manus on 6 November and headed to the West Coast, arriving at San Diego Harbor on 27 November; repairs began immediately.
However, concern about the lingering effects of the hull and machinery damage suffered at Samar kept her off the front lines and she was assigned to ferrying replacement aircraft from their factories in the United States to bases in the western Pacific for the remainder of the war.
From there, she headed back to the Western Pacific on 6 September to begin Operation Magic Carpet duty bringing American fighting men home from the Pacific Theater.
Twenty days later, she arrived in Buckner Bay, Okinawa, where she embarked more than 800 passengers for the voyage to the United States.
After nine days in port, she got underway for Pearl Harbor and stopped there only briefly on 1 November before setting out on the return voyage to the West Coast.
The warship visited San Francisco for five days from 7 to 12 November and then headed across the Pacific once more.
She entered port at Guam in the Marianas on 27 November, embarked passengers, and then began the return voyage on 30 November.
She remained there until 30 January 1946, when she embarked upon the voyage, via the Panama Canal and Norfolk, Virginia, to Boston, Massachusetts.
She was reclassified CVE-60 on 15 July 1943; and commissioned at Astoria, Oregon on 25 September 1943, Captain Daniel V. Gallery in command.
There she became flagship of Task Group 22.3 (TG 22.3), and with her escort destroyers set out from Norfolk on 5 January 1944 in search of enemy submarines in the North Atlantic Ocean.
World War II submarines had to run surfaced most of the time, and could not stay submerged for more than about 72 hours before having to surface to recharge batteries.
The best the escort carriers could do was substitute extra fuel tanks for depth charges on a Grumman TBF Avenger, so the plane could take off at sunset, fly around all night, and land at dawn.
The Avengers found two U-boats engaged in refueling with another standing by, and dived out of the clouds to drop depth charges.
In their excitement to see the effects of their first successful attack, the Avenger pilots stayed aloft so long they returned to the carrier after sunset.
After four landed successfully, the fifth Avenger landed too far right and put both wheels into the gallery walkway with its tail fouling the flight deck.
The flight deck crew was unable to move the Avenger; and the three remaining planes were running out of fuel in total darkness.
The nervous pilots came in too high, too fast, and too far to port until one of them desperately cut power, bounced, and landed inverted in the water off the port side.
The plane guard destroyer rescued the three crewmen from the unsuccessful landing and the crewmen from the two remaining planes which were instructed to ditch.
The Avenger was cabled to the ship so it wouldn't be lost; and the crew was timed with a stopwatch to see how long it took them to push it over the side.
After they could reliably clear the flight deck within four minutes, they were finally allowed to push the battered Avenger overboard with no cable attached.
Two weeks of cruising brought no contacts, and Gallery decided to head the Task Group for the coast of Africa to refuel.
This pattern blew relief valves all over the U-boat, cracked pipes in her engine room, and rolled her on her beam ends.
The destroyer fired a torpedo, which missed, and the surfaced submarine then came under the combined fire of the escorts and aircraft as her crew abandoned ship.
Under the command of Lieutenant, junior grade Albert David, the party leaped onto the slowly circling submarine and found her abandoned.
Lt. David and his men quickly seized all important papers, code books, and the boat's Enigma machine while closing valves and stopping leaks.
Trosino, a chief engineer in the civilian Merchant Marine before the war, had figured out the U-boat's engines, and wanted to bring her into port under her own power.
She departed Norfolk on 15 July and from then until 1 December, she made three anti-submarine cruises in the Western Atlantic.
After another short training cruise to the Caribbean Sea, she steamed into Mayport on 15 March for another tour of duty as carrier qualification ship, later moving to Pensacola, Florida for similar operations.
She was finally stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 27 May 1958 and she was sold for scrap to Hugo Neu Corp. of New York on 30 April 1959.
She was being towed to Japan for scrapping when now-Rear Admiral Gallery made the very last landing and take-off from the ship, using a helicopter, off Guantanamo, Cuba.
Themisto was first discovered by Charles T. Kowal and Elizabeth Roemer on September 30, 1975, reported on October 3, 1975, and designated .
Then, in 2000, a seemingly new satellite was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Yanga R. Fernández and Eugene A. Magnier, and was designated .
This observation was immediately correlated with an observation on August 6, 2000, by the team of Brett J. Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Hans Scholl, Matthew J. Holman, Brian G. Marsden, Philip D. Nicholson and Joseph A. Burns, which was reported to the Minor Planet Center but not published as an IAU Circular (IAUC).
In October 2002 it was officially named after Themisto, daughter of the river god Inachus and lover of Zeus (Jupiter) in Greek mythology.
The moon is located midway between the Galilean moons and the first group of prograde irregular moons, called the Himalia group.
Launched in November 1943, and commissioned in December, she served in support of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the Philippines campaign, and the Battle off Samar.
She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
During the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, she carried 12 FM-2 fighters, and 8 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 20 aircraft.
However, during the Philippines campaign and Battle off Samar, she carried 16 FM-2 fighters and 12 TBM-1C torpedo bombers for a total of 28 aircraft.
During the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, she carried 15 FM-2 fighters, 10 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, along with two reconnaissance planes, a FM-2P and a TBM-3P.
The escort carrier was laid down on 3 May 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1108, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 8 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Francis E. Cruise, the wife of Captain Edgar Allen Cruise, a Navy Cross recipient; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 15 December 1943, with Captain John Perry Whitney in command.
On 3 January 1944, whilst she was moored at Pier 1, an unidentified aircraft flew over the area, and with the previous shelling of Fort Stevens in mind, the crew entered general quarters at 4:40.
She arrived on 22 January, whereupon she trained in additional gunnery and torpedo exercises in the vicinity of the Channel Islands, which continued until 27 January.
This process took place between 27 and 28 January, and upon finishing, she left San Diego on a transport mission bound for the West Pacific.
Upon entering the waters around the Samoan Islands on 9 February, where Japanese submarines were assessed to be possibly located, the destroyer escort was assigned as an escort.
Upon finishing that task on 17 February, she transited the Segond Chanel, where she took on a load of assorted cargo, including fuel, mail, and passengers.
She then proceeded back to the West Coast, in conjunction with , which had also just finished a transport mission, and was now carrying a load of nonfunctional aircraft.
After a brief return to port, where VC-5 was unloaded for further training, she conducted additional pilot qualifications for a variety of squadrons throughout the end of March.
After finishing exercises, she yet again entered maintenance, during which preparations for Operation Forager were made, the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign.
This task group was escorted by a dozen destroyers, which were in turn also escorting the various vessels of Transport Division 16.
However, as the plane slowed down, the landing signal officer (LSO) waved the aircraft off, as the carrier was still swinging into the wind.
As the torpedo bomber attempted to clear, it stalled, and crashed into the ocean some away from the starboard side of ship.
Whilst anchored her crew experienced general quarters three times on 9 June, as a result of U.S. planes that failed to properly identify themselves.
On 10 June 1944, she sortied from that atoll as part of Fire Support Group 1, Task Group (TG) 52.17, Rear Adm. Jesse B. Oldendorf, Commander Cruiser Squadron 4 and Bombardment Group 1, who wore his flag in heavy cruiser Louisville (CA-28).
The ship made an emergency turn, the plane dropped a smoke bomb to mark its prey, and a pair of destroyers and another torpedo bomber attacked the area, but to no effect.
At 1105, the four Wildcats intercepted the snooper, which turned out to be a Japanese Mitsubishi G4M1 Type 1 land attack plane, and splashed the Betty.
The busy day finished as Melvin (DD-680) fired at an unknown surface contact at 2225—with the only known result that it did not reappear.
At daybreak, the five ships rendezvoused with Coral Sea (CVE-57) and Corregidor (CVE-58) and their screening destroyers as part of Bombardment Group 2.
The ship nevertheless launched a dozen Wildcats and a pair of Avengers beginning at 0518, and they flew over the western beaches and observed surf conditions for the landings.
Forager penetrated the inner defensive perimeter of the Japanese Empire and triggered A-Go—a Japanese counterattack that led to the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
Their First Mobile Fleet, Vice Adm. Ozawa Jisaburō in command, included carriers Taihō, Shōkaku, Zuikaku, Chitose, Chiyōda, Hiyō, Junyō, Ryūhō, and Zuihō.
The Japanese intended for their shore-based planes to cripple the air power of Task Force (TF) 58, Vice Adm. Marc A. Mitscher, in order to facilitate Ozawa’s strikes—which were to refuel and rearm on Guam.
Japanese fuel shortages and inadequate training bedeviled A-Go, however, and U.S. signal decryption breakthroughs enabled attacks on Japanese submarines that deprived the enemy of intelligence.
Raids on the Bonin and Volcano Islands furthermore disrupted Japanese aerial staging en route to the Marianas, and their main attacks passed through U.S. antiaircraft fire to reach the carriers.
At 0518, the warship began launching the first of her planes for the day’s fighting, and as the watches progressed through the day, her Wildcats and Avengers bombed and strafed the enemy ashore, and flew CAP and antisubmarine patrols.
The vessels of the task unit joined up and went to general quarters to repel an aerial attack which they expected to develop from bogeys on the radar screens flying at an altitude of 18,000 feet and at a range of about 50 miles from the formation.
44 gun, and water from the attack rose up over the mount and onto the flight deck, but the defenders shot down both of the attackers.
The planes flew through the withering antiaircraft fire and close to the water as they bore in on the ship, and one of the assailants dropped a torpedo that passed astern of the formation.
An all too brief lull ensued, and then Wildcats pursued and shot down two more enemy planes that attacked the ships.
Lt. Harry L. Cole Jr., USNR, of VC-5 flew the last Wildcat (BuNo 46913) but approached too low, and his tail hook caught on the handrail on the after ramp.
Enemy planes sent the ships to general quarters at 0421 on 18 June 1944, but they turned out to be snoopers and did not press their attack.
As the attackers closed the range rapidly, the crew manned their battle stations, but the enemy kept off at a distance.
Six Japanese planes suddenly approached the formation from the south at about 10,000 feet and all the ships opened fire as soon as they flew within range.
The Irving delayed releasing its torpedo and the ship’s forward starboard guns poured fire into the plane, and at 100 yards one of its engines began smoking.
The attacker dropped the torpedo but it missed the carrier by about 25 feet since the captain had her in a sharp turn.
As the Irving crossed the bow its tail gunner attempted to strafe the ship but several 20 millimeter shells sliced into him.
The entire midship and after starboard batteries opened up on the aircraft and possibly killed all of the crew, since it failed to drop a torpedo.
As the torpedo bomber cleared the stern, the port guns shot into it and the bomber splashed into the water about 300 yards off the port quarter.
Krouse flew a pair of Wildcats (BuNos 16180 and 46959) that went down during the chaotic aerial maneuvering on the 18th.
The enemy closed the range rapidly and within five minutes a trio of dive bombers attacked the formation from an altitude of about 5,000 feet.
The Japanese planes dropped two bombs that splashed close aboard Gambier Bay and then winged off, but a minute later two torpedo bombers approached the ships from the east.
The vessels of the formation shot a heavy concentration of antiaircraft fire at the pair and they broke off and withdrew without making their runs.
The usual late afternoon bogey alarms sent the ship’s company scrambling to their battle stations at 1618, but the vessels of the formation blazed away with every available gun and the enemy planes came about without attacking.
The ship then worked with Gambier Bay and their screening vessels in providing a triple defense of antiaircraft, antisurface, and antisubmarine cover for the transports of the Joint Expeditionary Force, TF 51, Vice Adm. Richmond K. Turner, as they operated about 60 miles to the east of Saipan.
James C. Lucas, USNR, flew a TBM-1C (BuNo 17055) from the ship that crashed, but a destroyer rescued Lucas and his crew.
The man served with the Japanese and flew a patrol from Yap [Wa’ab] in the Caroline Islands to Rota in the Marianas, and unsuccessfully attacked Gambier Bay on the 17th.
The task unit joined TU 52.14.2, consisting of Idaho (BB-41), New Mexico (BB-40), Pennsylvania (BB-38), Honolulu (CL-48), St. Louis (CL-49), and their screen of destroyers, on 24 June.
The ship launched daily ground support missions, and early on the 29th sounded general quarters when she detected unidentified planes on her radar, though they did not approach.
Bogeys sent the crew to their battle stations again the following day, only to see the enemy wing off without attacking.
The warship then turned her prow back to the fighting and, in company with Gambier Bay, Laws, and Morrison, set course for Saipan and arrived in the area on the 15th.
Richard L. Fowler went down in a Wildcat (BuNo 16346) he flew off the flight deck of the carrier on 15 July but survived.
The carriers launched planes that provided air cover over the soldiers and marines battling the Japanese for control of the island (2–4 August).
At 1704 on the 3rd, an Avenger of VC-10 flying an antisubmarine patrol from Gambier Bay sighted a periscope and attacked with depth charges, causing oil and debris to rise to the surface.
Following that work, the vessels of the task unit got underway for a brief (24–26 August) sail to Purvis Bay in the Florida Islands [Nggela] of the Solomons.
The convoy passed around the west end of Florida Island, between Santa Isabel and Malaita Islands, and proceeded at 12.5 knots.
The log stayed jammed into the hull for nearly 45 minutes in spite of changes of course to dislodge it, but it finally broke free without significantly damaging the ship and she resumed her voyage at the convoy’s speed.
The Japanese had prepared their main line of resistance on Peleliu inland from the beaches to escape naval bombardment, and three days of preliminary carrier air attacks in combination with intense naval gunfire failed to suppress the tenacious defenders.
The ship hurled her planes against the enemy each day of her deployment to the battle (15–25 September 1944) as they flew photographic reconnaissance flights, and bombing and strafing runs, along with the usual CAP and antisubmarine barrier patrols to protect the ships operating offshore.
He then joined a strike against the Japanese ashore but one of the aircraft released a bomb that touched off an enemy ammunition dump.
The ship later sent a plane that landed on Peleliu Airfield, and picked the pilot up and returned him to the carrier.
The following day on 21 September, Japanese antiaircraft fire damaged two of the Avengers flying from the ship over Babelthuap [Babeldaob] Island.
After recovering aircraft that afternoon, the carriers and their escorts steamed to positions astern of some of the transports and dock landing ships, and the combined group then came about for Ulithi Atoll in the Carolines.
The Army’s 81st Infantry Division later reinforced the marines and the final Japanese on Peleliu only surrendered on 1 February 1945.
Stopping briefly at Ulithi, the escort carriers and their escorts stood down the channel on the afternoon of 25 September 1944, for the three-day trip to New Guinea, and then continued on to Seeadler Harbor on Manus in the Admiralty Islands.
The force steamed toward Philippine waters in the vicinity of Mindanao, where the carriers and their screen detached on the 19th to join other carriers, and the invasion vessels continued on to Leyte Gulf.
Vice Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid, Commander, Seventh Fleet, led a force that included TG 77.4, Rear Adm. Thomas L. Sprague—consisting of 18 escort carriers organized in Task Units (TUs) 77.4.1, 77.4.2, and 77.4.3, and known by their voice radio calls as Taffys 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Chenango (CVE-28), Petrof Bay (CVE-80), Saginaw Bay (CVE-82), Sangamon (CVE-26), Santee (CVE-29), and Suwanee (CVE-27) and their screens formed Taffy 1, Rear Adm. Thomas Sprague, and fought off northern Mindanao.
Chenango and Saginaw Bay swung around on the 24th to carry planes to Morotai in the Netherlands East Indies [Indonesia] for repairs and overhaul.
Kadashan Bay (CVE-76), Manila Bay (CVE-61), Marcus Island (CVE-77), Natoma Bay (CVE-62), Ommaney Bay (CVE-79), and Savo Island (CVE-78) of Taffy 2, Rear Adm. Felix B. Stump, operated off the entrance to Leyte Gulf.
Heermann (DD-523), Hoel (DD-533), and Johnston (DD-557), together with escort ships Dennis (DE-405), John C. Butler (DE-339), Raymond (DE-341), and Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413), screened Taffy 3.
The Army’s 6th Ranger Battalion landed on Dinagat and Suluan Islands at the entrance to Leyte Gulf to destroy Japanese installations capable of providing early warning of a U.S. attack, on 17 October 1944.
The garrison on Suluan transmitted an alert that prompted Adm. Toyoda Soemu, the Japanese Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet to order Shō-Gō 1—an operation to defend the Philippines.
Planes bombed and strafed the Japanese troops and their positions, flew reconnaissance missions, and maintained CAP over the ship and her consorts.
Donald W. Hyde, USNR, of VC-5 flew a Wildcat (BuNo 16274) from the ship that went down on the 20th, but the pilot survived.
The Battle of Leyte Gulf, a succession of distinct fleet engagements, began on 22 October 1944, when Shō-Gō 1 attempted to disrupt the U.S. landings in Leyte Gulf.
Japanese fuel shortages compelled them to disperse their fleet into the Northern (decoy), Central, and Southern Forces and converge separately on Leyte Gulf.
Attrition had reduced the Northern Force’s 1st Mobile Force, their principal naval aviation command and led by Vice Adm. Ozawa Jisaburō, to carrier Zuikaku and light carriers Chitose, Chiyōda, and Zuihō.
Submarine Darter (SS-227) detected a group of Japanese warships northwest of Borneo on the 22nd and into the following day shadowed them.
Bream (SS-243) meanwhile torpedoed heavy cruiser Aoba off Manila Bay, and Darter and Dace (SS-247) unflinchingly attacked what turned out to be the Japanese Center Force, Vice Adm. Kurita Takeo in command.
Dace sank heavy cruiser Maya, and Darter sank heavy cruiser Atago and damaged her sistership Takao, which came about for at Brunei.
Aircraft from the three task groups also damaged battleships Yamato and Nagato, heavy cruiser Tone, and destroyers Fujinami, Kiyoshimo, and Uranami.
Planes furthermore attacked the Southern Force as it proceeded through the Sulu Sea, and sank destroyer Wakaba and damaged battleships Fusō and Yamashiro.
Ozawa in the meanwhile decoyed Halsey’s Third Fleet northward, and aircraft subsequently sank all four Japanese carriers, Chitose with the assistance of cruiser gunfire, off Cape Engaño.
The carriers thus armed their planes with light bombs and rockets to attack Japanese soldiers and positions, or depth charges for those intended to fly antisubmarine patrols, armament not well suited for attacking ships.
Undaunted by the overwhelming enemy firepower, Brooks and his Avenger crew pressed home two attacks against a Japanese heavy cruiser, dropping depth charges that bounced off the ship, and then joined a pair of Avengers that dived on one of the battleships, feats of extraordinary heroism for which the pilot later received the Navy Cross.
Lookouts on board the ships of Taffy 3 could see bursts of Japanese antiaircraft fire on the northern horizon as the enemy vessels fired at the Avengers, and within minutes, ships began to detect the approaching Japanese vessels on their radar, and to intercept enemy message traffic.
The Japanese surprised the Americans and caught Taffy 3 unprepared to face such a powerful onslaught, and the battle almost immediately became a precipitate flight in the face of the overwhelming enemy force.
Sprague ordered his ships to come about to 090° at 0650, and flee to the eastward, hoping that a rain squall would mask their escape.
Taffy 3 urgently called for help, the carriers scrambled to launch their planes, and the escorts steamed to what quickly became the rear of the formation to lay protective smoke screens.
She rang up flank speed for 18½ knots, and swung around to 070° to head partly into the wind for launching planes and yet to keep away as much as possible from the more heavily armed Japanese ships.
At 0702 ships began making smoke, and the heavy pall of smoke and the general murkiness of the weather often prevented men from seeing the entire picture.
Men watched with trepidation as the flashes of the enemy guns announced more salvoes that tore through the air and fell only about 1,500 yards astern of the ship.
Maintainers meanwhile scrambled to load the remaining Avengers in the hangar deck with torpedoes, while the ship swung to 195° at 0756 to permit the other vessels to get behind the smoke screen.
Three destroyers appeared off the port bow at a range of approximately ten miles and in the confusion, lookouts initially identified them as Japanese, only to discover some of the U.S. ships fighting faithfully to protect their vulnerable charges.
One of their 5-inch shells plunged into a Japanese ship, tentatively identified as a cruiser, at 0759 on 25 October 1944, and started a fire forward.
Japanese submarines aggressively penetrated Allied defensive screens and torpedoed carriers more than once during the war, and the enemy boat, if such she was, maneuvered in a perfect position to pick of a carrier as one passed on its enforced course.
One of the Avengers claimed to sight the periscope and dived on it, the pilot later expressing his belief that his depth charges sank the submarine.
A salvo splashed scarcely 1,000 yards astern at 0828, and the captain furiously zig-zagged the ship and attempted to slip back within the cover of the smokescreen to escape the enemy gunfire as they dropped the range.
Another salvo erupted in the water 1,000 yards off the port beam at 0830, and a minute later a third salvo splashed 700 yards astern.
The ship’s radar picked up unidentified aircraft ten miles to the northwest at 0858, and worried watchstanders anticipated adding Japanese planes to the threat facing them.
Samuel B. Roberts fought Chokai as well, and at 0859 a secondary explosion erupted from the enemy vessel, possibly as some of her torpedoes cooked off.
The embattled carrier’s 5-inch had fired almost all of the ammunition at hand, and the captain ordered the gunners to cease fire and conserve the remaining rounds because he expected that the enemy destroyers would attack.
A Japanese salvo splashed a mere 20 yards astern and the alarmed gun crew believed that the following salvo would slice into the ship.
One of the planes dropped a 500-pound bomb that tore into the Japanese vessel’s stern, and smoke emerged from the cruiser and she slowed.
Whitney watched them continue to do so at 0931, he ordered the vessel to slow down to 15 knots and to cease making smoke.
As many as eight enemy aircraft, at least five of them Mitsubishi A6M2 Navy Type 0 carrier fighter Model 21s of the Tokkōtai suicide squadron Shikishima, suddenly appeared over the formation at 1049, and singled out the carriers for their fury.
The shock carried away about 15 feet of the netting and its braces, the port aerial, and the life raft suspended from the netting frame.
The 550-pound bomb exploded on impact, bursting evidently on a level with the walkway, and showering fragments into the nearby gun sponsons and the ship’s side from the forecastle to No.
The broken gasoline lines permitted the fuel to flow into a gun sponson but a fire did not start and men washed the gasoline overboard.
A Yokosuka D4Y Type 2 carrier bomber Suisei seemingly intent on destroying the radar mast and island flew toward the ship, but gunfire set the Judy aflame and the kamikaze passed over the bridge and exploded when opposite the forward end of the flight deck.
Parts of the plane, including the starboard horizontal stabilizer from its tail, and the pilot, fell onto the flight deck and the forecastle.
The bomb, estimated to be a 1,100-pound weapon, dropped into the water near the bow and exploded, inflicting only inconsequential damage to the light metal parts of the ship and throwing a heavy column of water into the air.
The Japanese heavy cruiser had already fired most of her antiaircraft ammunition against the U.S. planes that attacked her while crossing the Sibuyan Sea—some of her guns expended all of their live rounds and the gun crews resorted to shooting training rounds.
Two torpedoes sliced into the cruiser’s port side amidships and water poured into her engine room, causing the ship to lose power.
The enemy franticly battled the damage to Chikuma and attempted to save their ship, but Lt. Allen W. Smith Jr., the commanding officer of VC-75, led a trio of that squadron’s TBM-1Cs from Ommaney Bay that dropped three more torpedoes that ripped into her port side at 1415.
In the Battle off Samar and the Japanese retirement, the Americans damaged Yamato, Kongō, Chikuma, Chōkai, Haguro, Kumano, Suzuya, and Tone.
Chikuma Chōkai, and Suzuya suffered repeated explosions and fires and destroyers Nowaki, Fujinami, and Okinami, respectively, scuttled the cruisers with torpedoes—though Nowaki may have reached the area after U.S. aircraft delivered the coup de grâce to Chikuma.
That day U.S. cruisers also crippled Nowaki with gunfire, and Owen (DD-536) sank her about 65 miles south-southeast of Legaspi, Luzon.
The casualties the Japanese surface fleet sustained and its virtual withdrawal to anchorages because of a lack of fuel finished it as an effective fighting force.
The weary crew enjoyed little time for a respite when, at 2002, an unidentified surface contact and believed to be a surfaced submarine, trailed the formation for some time at a range of 19,400 yards.
For an hour and 34 minutes the planes circled the formation suspiciously at a distance of two to five miles but never attacked, and then just as mysteriously winged off into the night.
While en route at 1400 on the 27th, Halligan made an underwater sound contact and dropped 11 depth charges with inconclusive results.
The ships reached Woendi harbor on 29 October 1944, refueled, and set course for Manus the next morning, and on the afternoon of 1 November slipped into Seeadler Harbor.
The carriers flew off their flyable planes to Ford Island on the morning of the 18th, and that afternoon entered Pearl Harbor.
While the ship lay there at 1100 the following morning, VC-5 went ashore for a much needed period of rest and training.
The ship then (30 November–3 December) trained in the waters south of Oahu, enabling her new pilots to attain their carrier qualifications.
On the 11th, Edmonds (DE-406), one of the carrier’s escorts, detected an apparent submarine and made a number of depth charges attacks without noticeable effect.
That afternoon, all doubts about the accuracy of her discovery vanished when lookouts sighted two torpedo wakes rushing toward Edmonds, one of which passed beneath her as it evidently ran too deep, and the other swished by just ahead of her.
After several hours of fruitless search, the escorts rejoined the ship and they all dropped anchor in Seeadler Harbor on 17 December 1944.
In spite of almost continuous harsh weather during January 1945, the Allies invaded Lingayen Gulf on western Luzon in the Philippines.
TF 38, Vice Adm. John S. McCain in command, including seven heavy and four light carriers, a night group of one heavy and one light carrier, and a replenishment group with one hunter-killer and seven escort carriers, nonetheless concentrated on destroying enemy air power and air in­stallations.
The battered ship returned to Leyte for temporary repairs on 12 January, and on 13 February set out for a complete overhaul at San Francisco, Calif.
Lookouts sighted antiaircraft bursts on the horizon scarcely ten miles away as Japanese planes attacked other vessels of the invasion forces.
The ship steamed at general quarters several minutes later at 0910, when a lone enemy bomber appeared close to the water and closing the formation just four miles off the starboard quarter.
The Wildcats of the warship’s CAP claimed to splash three other intruders and by 1115 the radar seemed clear of enemy aircraft and the ship secured from battle stations.
Lookouts sighted enemy planes circling about three miles off the ship’s port bow at about 6,000 feet at 1848 on 7 January 1945, near 16°N, 119°10'E.
The rumble of antiaircraft fire from the cruisers and destroyers increased in crescendo; however, in a few minutes two Japanese Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa Army Type 1 fighter planes detached from their formation and flew toward the carriers.
An explosion and large fire flared up simultaneously with a hit by a 5-inch round from one of the other ships, which burst close to the carrier’s bow below a gun sponson, killing and wounding several men—the attack killed 16 men altogether and wounded another 37.
The Oscar tore a hole in the ship’s side approximately 20 feet long and nine feet high between frames 113 and 121, extending three feet below the waterline.
Firefighters valiantly battled the blaze and extinguished the flames by 1910, but the flooding continued as seawater poured into the ship in spite of the efforts of the engineers and repair party to contain the damage.
The engineers got steam up in the forward engine room and the damage control teams reduced the list to four degrees.
Hopewell (DD-681) and Taylor (DD-468) left the formation to guide and escort Shamrock Bay (CVE-84), which operated a distance away, back into the group, and the carrier joined them during the mid watch.
Unidentified aircraft were reported nearby at 1430 on 9 January 1945, and the gun crews resignedly manned their weapons, though no attack developed.
The forward engine room had a head of steam and at 0815 eight fighters appeared overhead and protectively flew CAP over the ships.
The warship sounded general quarters, and, although she could only make ten knots, a brisk breeze from the north enabled her to head into the wind and launch five Wildcats.
The wind dropped to barely 15 knots and it was nearly dark by 1907 when the ship recovered her last fighters.
The ship operated in the vicinity of the task group throughout the 10th, a day punctuated by two air alerts, though the enemy did not attack.
James A. Jones, USNR, of VC-91 crashed in a Wildcat (BuNo 73623) flying from the ship but a plane guard destroyer rescued him.
Smoke screens mostly obscured the Allied ships anchored in the roadstead, so the Japanese planes bombed some of the searchlights positioned on the beaches that they could spot.
Additional air alerts sent the crew to their battle stations more than once, but they placed a patch over the hole in the side and pumped the water out of the flooded compartments.
The bomb experts discovered a second unexploded 550-pounder in the previously flooded machine shop, and de-armed and jettisoned over the side both bombs, the first one at 2306 and the second at 1510 the following day.
Try the elimination of all tracer and all 5-inch except Mark 32 or similar marks to deny pilot the knowledge of where the AA is and relieve gunners of the confusion of many bursts which tend to hide the plane, particularly at twilight.
The Navy consistently evaluated the results of these battles and evaluators noted that the optimum pattern of antiaircraft guns and their systems varied greatly with the control, weapon, ammunition—and the action of the target.
This could be a water fillable bomb with a target sleeve attached, and containing a radio controlled device to explode the bomb harmlessly before it could strike the firing ship after being launched by a dive bomber.
In addition, the captain expressed his concern about how close Japanese aircraft approached ships before the latter opened fire, in part because of the gunners’ fears of hitting their own returning planes.
Time cannot be wasted on positive identification.” The captain’s recommendation seemed merited in light of the horrific casualties the kamikazes caused.
The ships dropped anchor in Seeadler Harbor on 30 January, and the following day her men continued work on repairing their vessel.
The warship discharged her remaining aviation gasoline and considerable ammunition, and then turned further eastward and sailed to Naval Dry Docks, an activity on Terminal Island near San Pedro, Calif. (20–28 February).
While the ship completed repairs on 26 February 1945, VC-7 received orders to report to her no later than 10 April.
The squadron increased its tempo of training at Naval Air Auxiliary Station (NAAS) Monterey, Calif., but on the following day also participated in simulated close support attacks on the Army’s nearby Camp Hunter Liggett.
Attack transport Cullman (APA-78) steamed in the area and rescued Edwards after he spent only 16 minutes in his life raft.
In the process, yard workers at Pearl Harbor discovered that she required more work on the engines and the radar gear, which delayed her departure.
She loaded provisions and ammunition, along with the FM-2s, TBM-3s, and a single TBM-1C of VC-63, which had flown from NAS Hilo on Hawaii.
Max I. Polkowski of VC-63 wrecked in a TBM-3E (BuNo 85735) he flew from the ship, but a destroyer rescued the pilot.
Richard C. Bunten, USNR, of VC-63 crashed in a Wildcat (BuNo 74781), but a destroyer retrieved Bunten from the water as well.
Walter R. Winiecki, USNR, of VC-63 went down in an FM-2 Wildcat (BuNo 74798), but a destroyer pulled the pilot from the sea and later returned him to the ship.
The ship joined Steamer Bay (CVE-87) and some other vessels and cleared Ulithi on 3 July 1945, and about three hours later, they formed Carrier Cover Unit, TU 30.8.23, to take part in raids against the Japanese home islands.
The Allies planned to invade Japan through two principal plans: Operation Olympic—landings on Kyushu scheduled for 1 November 1945; and Coronet—landings on Honshū scheduled for 1 March 1946.
The enemy deployed massed formations of kamikazes, as well as kaiten manned suicide torpedoes, shinyo suicide motorboats, and human mines—soldiers were to strap explosives to their bodies and crawl beneath Allied tanks and vehicles.
The preparations to support these landings included a series of carrier and surface raids by Halsey’s Third Fleet against Japanese airfields, ships, and installations from Kyūshū to Hokkaido.
The three task groups under McCain’s command, Rear Adm. Thomas Sprague’s TG 38.1, Rear Adm. Gerald F. Bogan’s TG 38.3, and Rear Adm. Arthur W. Radford’s TG 38.4, each comprised an average of three Essex (CV-9)-class carriers and two small carriers.
That night the reinforced task force fueled and turned toward the first battles of the voyage, when, on 10 July, they hurled strikes against Japanese airfields in the Tōkyō plains area.
Harsh weather compelled the Americans to shift their attacks to airfields, vessels, and railroads in north­ern Honshū and Hokkaido (14–15 July), and these two days of raids wrought havoc with the vital shipment of Japanese coal across the Tsugaru Strait.
Allied carrier planes bombed targets around Tōkyō on 17 July, and night CAP of planes flying from Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) protected U.S. and British ships that shelled six major industrial plants in the Mito-Hitachi area of Honshū.
Two days later, McCain set out for more raids and on 24 July attacked Japanese airfields and shipping along the Inland Sea and northern Kyūshū, supported by long-range strikes by USAAF bombers.
Carrier planes flew 1,747 sorties and sank 21 ships including battleship Hyūga, Tone, training cruiser Iwate, and target ship Settsu, and damaged 17 vessels.
Carrier planes struck targets between Nagoya and northern Kyūshū on 28 July, sinking a number of ships including Haruna, Ise, training ship Izumo, Aoba, light cruiser Ōyodo, escort destroyer Nashi, submarine I-404, and submarine depot ship Komahashi.
The blast caused a fire and burned several men, and two sailors trapped by the fire in that area jumped overboard to avoid the flames.
While the ship prepared to rejoin the carrier sweeps against the Japanese home islands, she received news of the enemy’s willingness to surrender.
The two carriers operated as the duty carrier on alternate days during the voyage, but foul weather pummeled the ships and prevented flight operations.
Later that day, the task force was redesignated TF 44, and operated within range of Vice Adm. Fletcher, who hoisted his flag in amphibious force flagship Panamint (AGC-13).
The torpedo bomber crashed into the sea as the pilot turned to clear the ship’s stern, and Fullam (DD-474) raced over and rescued all three men, and returned the shaken but uninjured crew to the carrier within the hour.
The carriers launched photographic planes over the next few days that obtained pictures of coastal installations and traffic on land and the coastal waterways.
When the officer in tactical command discovered camps holding Allied prisoners of war as a result of discussions with Japanese prisoners, he promptly ordered all of the available torpedo planes to carry vitally needed supplies to the prisoners, who suffered from malnutrition and disease resulting from Japanese neglect and brutality.
The Japanese used the port as their main naval station in the north, and although rumors circulated that the enemy might oppose the landings, the garrison had obeyed their high command’s orders to surrender without resisting on the 9th.
A number of ships of the Fourth Fleet and numerous district and harbor craft also plied the busy harbor or lay at anchor.
A trio of Japanese tugs flying white surrender flags chugged alongside, one of which brought the British liaison officer on board to expedite the transfer of the Allied prisoners held ashore.
Greenslade at 1618, but a few minutes later, Japanese antiaircraft fire erupted from the foothills of the harbor, about five miles away.
The exasperated Americans explained the likelihood of misunderstandings that could lead to more fighting, and the Japanese agreed to halt further demonstrations until the ships departed.
Many of the men included survivors of the Wake Detachment, First Defense Battalion, USMC, which had served under Maj. James P.S.
Devereux, USMC, and Marine Fighting Squadron (VMF) 211, Maj. Paul A. Putnam, USMC, during their epic defense of Wake Island against the Japanese (8–23 December 1941).
Both Devereux and Putnam received the Navy Cross for their valiant defense of the island, and were freed and returned home by separate means.
Additional liberated prisoners included sailors and marines captured by the Japanese at Shanghai, China, in 1941, and merchant seamen taken from their ships in several other ports.
The ship weighed anchor the following morning at 0856 on 15 September 1945, in answer to an urgent radio appeal to rescue wounded, sick, and malnourished Allied prisoners still languishing in Japanese captivity that required immediate medical treatment.
After an early lunch, the RAF survivors boarded medium landing ship LSM-208 with the first leg of their long homeward journey completed.
The wind increased until gusts above 75 knots whipped up the sea in the sheltered bay and caused her anchor to drag.
The crew rode out the typhoon and savored their first liberty ashore on the Japanese mainland during the ship’s ten-day (17–27 September 1945) stay in the Tōkyō Bay area.
The escort carrier shifted to the Fifth Fleet on 19 September and then (27 September–19 October 1945) took part in Operation Magic Carpet—the return of veterans from the war zones by ships and aircraft.
She withstood heavy caliber Japanese gunfire, and fought off enemy planes that attacked her in both the conventional and suicide rolls.
Planes flying from her flight deck claimed to down 26 enemy aircraft, and sank or contributed to sinking two Japanese heavy cruisers and two barges, damaged a battleship and a heavy cruiser, and destroyed five tanks on the ground.
The bay in turn was named after Paul K. Kadashan, an Alaskan Indian who established a homestead incorporating the bay in 1915.
Launched in December 1943, and commissioned in January 1944, she served in support of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the Battle off Samar, and the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf.
She was powered with two Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
During the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, she carried 16 FM-2 fighters, and 11 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 27 aircraft.
However, during the Battle off Samar, she carried 24 FM-2 fighters and 9 TBM-1C torpedo bombers for a total of 33 aircraft.
The escort carrier was laid down on 2 September 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1113, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 11 December 1943; sponsored by Miss Audrey Ackerman; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 18 January 1944, with Captain Robert Nisbet Hunter in command.
Following a brief period of repairs and training, the escort carrier sailed on 10 July to join a Task Group 32.7 at Pearl Harbor.
As a part of Carrier Division 27, under the command of Rear Admiral William Sample, she sailed alongside , , and , which served as the flagship.
There, the escort carriers launched airstrikes to destroy defenses and to prepare the way for landings, although the impact by these bombings proved to be insufficient.
The marines landed on 15 September, seizing the air field, and finding themselves in a battle of attrition against a determined Japanese garrison.
After a short period of rest, she steamed towards Leyte Gulf on 14 October, providing cover for Task Group 78.6, a reinforcement group which would stay offshore of Leyte.
Upon arriving on 21 October and joining Taffy 2, she began conducting airstrikes in support of troops which had already landed.
On 25 October, one of her fighters, piloted by Ensign Hans L. Jensen, on a routine patrol mission, sighted the Central Force of the Japanese fleet off of Samar.
Once learning of the size and the importance of the Japanese fleet, she launched three fighter and three torpedo strikes against the Japanese force, which was threatening Taffy 3.
The large amount of American planes were a contributing force in convincing Vice admiral Takeo Kurita to retire, and to not take advantage of his position.
In late November, the escort carriers began departing Manus and congregating at Kossol Roads, and on 10 December, she sortied for Mindoro.
From 12 to 13 December, she transited the Surigao Strait, and as she moved west, her task group came under heavy aerial attack.
As part of Vice Admiral Daniel E. Barbey's San Fabian task group, she provided air cover for the ships as they proceeded behind the main force.
At 7:16, radar detected a large contingent of Japanese aircraft, to the east of the task group, which separated into three groups.
Perhaps as a result of the concentrated fire, it then plunged down, striking below the bridge at the waterline, tearing a by hole, destroying the junior officers' quarters.
She arrived at San Pedro on 22 December to finish her last Pacific cruise, and departed San Diego on 10 January 1946, bound for Boston.
She was struck from the Navy list on 1 August 1959 and sold for scrap to Comarket Inc. on February 1960.
Glenn Maitland Turner (born 26 May 1947) played cricket for New Zealand and was one of the country's best and most prolific batsmen.
He would have appeared for his country much more, however, had he not elected to be unavailable for several seasons after falling out with administrators.
Turner also coached the New Zealand side twice—once in the mid-1980s, when he presided over the team's first and (to date) only series victory in Australia, and again a decade later.
Turner is one of only two players (the other being Graeme Hick in 1988 also for Worcestershire) since the Second World War to have scored 1000 first-class runs in England before the end of May, a feat he achieved in 1973.
Among the eight batsmen who have done this, only Turner and Donald Bradman did it while playing for a touring team.
He also holds the record of highest percentage of runs scored in any completed innings 83.43% after he scored 141* out of Worcestershire's 169 against Glamorgan at Swansea in 1977.
On 29 May 1982, Turner became the first batsman in 33 years to score 300 runs in a single day in England.
His 171 not out against East Africa in the 1975 World Cup is the longest individual innings in one-day international history, occupying 201 balls.
Glenn Turner is also the first to score an ODI 150 as well as world cup 150 and also holds the record for the only batsman in ODI history to have faced over 200 deliveries in a single innings.
She originally designated an AVG, was classified ACV-68 on 20 August 1942; laid down under a Maritime Commission contract 26 April 1943 by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Co., Inc., Vancouver, Washington; reclassified CVE-68 on 15 July 1943; launched 15 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Anna Mary Updegraff, mother of Captain William N. Updegraff, U.S. Navy; and commissioned 27 November at Astoria, Oregon, Captain C. R. Brown in command.
Laden with troops and a cargo of planes, she steamed via Pearl Harbor for the Gilbert Islands, arriving off Tarawa Atoll 24 January to supply 5th Fleet carriers then engaged in the conquest of the Marshalls.
For more than two weeks she provided logistic support from Tarawa to Majuro Atoll before returning to Alameda, California, 24 February.
She departed Pearl Harbor 30 May; and, while en route to Saipan, she successfully evaded a Japanese torpedo that crossed her bow close aboard.
After repelling an enemy air attack at dusk on the 17th, she sailed 19 June to ferry planes to and from Eniwetok.
Returning to Saipan 24 June, she resumed effective air strikes against enemy positions on the embattled island until 9 July when she steamed via Eniwetok for similar duty at Guam.
Arriving 20 July, she launched direct support and ASW sorties until 2 August, then returned to Eniwetok to prepare for operations in the Palau Islands.
Ordered to furnish air support for the capture, occupation, and defense of Peleliu, Angaur, and Ngesebus, she launched air strikes to support landing operations.
She departed the Palaus 30 September; and, upon arriving Seeadler Harbor, Manus Island, 3 October, she received a new commanding officer, Captain T. B. Williamson.
Ordered to provide air coverage and close air support during the bombardment and amphibious landings on Leyte Island, she arrived off Leyte 17 October.
After furnishing air support during landings by Ranger units on Dinagat and Homonhon Islands in the eastern approaches to Leyte Gulf, she launched air strikes in support of invasion operations at Tacloban on the northeast coast of Leyte.
Steaming about 60 miles east of Samar before dawn 25 October, Taffy 3 prepared to launch the day's initial air strikes.
Comprising four battleships, eight cruisers, and eleven destroyers, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force steadily closed and at 0658 opened fire on Taffy 3.
Outnumbered and outgunned, the slower Taffy 3 seemed fated for disaster; but the American ships defied the odds and gamely accepted the enemy's challenge.
Though partially protected by chemical smoke, by a timely rain squall, and by valiant counterattacks of screening destroyers and destroyer escorts, she took the first of 15 direct hits at 0750.
Fired from an enemy battleship, the large caliber shell (14 inch or 16 inch) struck the starboard side of the hangar deck just abaft the forward elevator.
One shell passed through the flight deck and into the communications area, where it destroyed all the radar and radio equipment.
Under heavy attack from the air and harassed by incessant fire from American destroyers and destroyer escorts, the enemy cruisers broke off action and turned northward at 0920.
At 0915, the enemy destroyers, which were kept at bay by the daring and almost single-handed exploits of , launched a premature torpedo attack from 10,500 yards.
Intense fire splashed two close aboard; but a third plane crashed into the port side of the flight deck, damaging it badly.
Getting under way for the United States 7 November, the escort carrier reached San Diego 27 November for permanent repairs and alterations.
Repairs completed 18 January 1945, the veteran escort carrier departed San Diego 20 January to ferry planes and men to Pearl Harbor and Guam.
For more than 8 months, she served as a replenishment carrier in the Pacific Carrier Transport Squadron; and, during six cruises between the West Coast and Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, and Guam, she transported more than 600 planes.
Departing San Diego 2 September, she steamed to the Philippines, arriving at Samar 28 September to participate in Operation Magic Carpet.
Arriving the 27th, she received emergency repairs, then sailed 3 January 1946 for the West Coast and arrived San Diego 17 January.
She was classified ACV-69 on 20 August 1942, launched as CVE-69 on 24 October 1943 by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company in Vancouver, Washington, under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. R. W. Morse; and acquired and commissioned by the Navy on 4 December 1943, Captain B. E. Grow in command.
Following a short shakedown she was assigned to Pacific Fleet aircraft and personnel ferry and replenishment duty, commencing in January 1944.
Upon returning to San Diego she sailed for Norfolk, arriving on 28 February for overhaul and operations along the East Coast.
On 28 May, she departed New York in company of and with a cargo of planes for Casablanca, returning to New York on 17 June with 342 survivors of , which was torpedoed on 29 May.
Throughout July, she engaged in ASW patrol and flight operations in the Mediterranean before rehearsing for the assault on Southern France.
During January she sailed to Pearl Harbor, Guam, and Ulithi with planes and replacements for other ships of the Fast Carrier Task Force.
For the next 3 months, she made three cruises to Hawaii and the Philippines to transport homeward bound troops to the United States.
She returned to San Francisco on 28 December and sailed for the East Coast on 29 January 1946, arriving at Boston on 22 February.
Built for service during World War II, the ship was launched in November 1943, and commissioned in December, and served in support of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the Battle off Samar, and the Battle of Okinawa.
She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
During the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the beginning of the Philippines campaign, and the Battle off Samar, she carried 16 FM-2 fighters, and 12 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 28 aircraft.
However, during the Battle of Okinawa, she carried 24 FM-2 fighters and 6 TBM-3 torpedo bombers for a total of 30 aircraft.
The escort carrier was laid down on 18 May 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1107, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 1 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Lorna V. Kenworthy, the wife of Captain Jesse L. Kenworthy Jr., who was the executive officer of the battleship during the Attack on Pearl Harbor.
She was transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 9 December 1943, with Captain Douglass Pollock Johnson in command.
During this period, she a stop at Port Angeles, Washington from 6 January 1944 to 8 January, along with another pause at San Francisco, California between 11 and 16 January, where she took on a load of aircraft.
On her return trip, she touched at Brisbane from 8 to 12 February, and at Nouméa from 15 to 16 February.
She departed San Diego on 6 April, accompanied by the seaplane tender , making a stop at Pearl Harbor on 10 April, and arriving at Majuro on 20 April.
On 29 May, she sortied from Pearl Harbor, bound for Eniwetok Atoll, where she acted as the flagship of Task Group 52.14, which was assigned to support the upcoming Mariana and Palau Islands campaign.
She began combat operations on 11 June, some west of Saipan, providing aerial reconnaissance, close air support, and antisubmarine patrols in support of the Battle of Saipan.
Fortunately for the carrier, the Japanese plane approaching from the starboard bow, perhaps panicked by the anti-aircraft fire, dropped its torpedo at a slight turn.
A large explosion was triggered, likely from the detonation of one of the bomber's depth charges, killing all three of its crew.
Later that day, another torpedo bomber was lost, and although two of the crew were recovered, the radioman drowned with the aircraft.
The bomb penetrated into her aft aircraft elevator, punching through the wooden decking, and detonating within the hangar bay, some below the flight deck.
Shrapnel was launched through the hangar, instantly killing eleven men of Repair Party 3, which had taken up position forward of the elevator.
Nonetheless, the blast had enough force to rupture a fire main, sever electrical cables, and to even eject depth charges from the bomb bays of the Avengers stored within the hangar deck.
In addition, several fires were kindled, total steering control was lost, and the ship acquired a 3° list to the port.
Although the fires were quickly put under control by the crew, several of her aircraft were compelled to land on other carriers as a result of the blazes.
Rear Admiral Bogan was also compelled to transfer his flag to the destroyer in order to more effectively lead the fleet.
Of even greater concern to the ship's officers was that of her list, with her stern sinking lower than design specifications.
Further investigation revealed that the cause for the list came from the ruptured fire main, which the damage control teams struggled to plug.
At the time, her task group was operating to the north of the island, when the Japanese submarine fired a spread of torpedoes towards the escort carriers.
This prompted Admiral Soemu Toyoda to launch Shō-Gō 1, a gambit to defend Japan's access to the oil fields of Southeast Asia.
On 18 and 19 October, Taffy 3 conducted strikes against Japanese bases located within Cebu, Negros, and Panay, destroying a total of thirty-eight planes, and damaging twenty-eight more.
She then steamed off the island of Samar from 20 to 25 October, providing air support for U.S. forces onshore, and dropping leaflets on Japanese positions.
In the meantime, Admiral William Halsey Jr. led his Third Fleet northwards, after spotting Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's diversionary Northern Force.
Thus, the only ships covering the vulnerable landing crafts of Leyte Gulf were the three escort carrier task groups and their screens.
Taffy 3, the northmost task group, would bear the brunt of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force as it swung through the San Bernardino Strait.
On the early morning of 25 October, Kurita's Center Force had already crossed the San Bernardino Strait unmolested, and was entering the open waters of the Leyte Gulf.
Although World War II era surface radar was notoriously faulty, the speed and course of the spotted blip was consistent with the course set by the Center Force.
By 5:30, Taffy 3 had launched twelve fighters to conduct a combat air patrol, before launching another two Wildcats and four Avengers shortly afterwards.
Upon coming to an understanding of the severity of the situation, Rear Admiral Sprague ordered Taffy 3 to steam eastward, in hopes of being shielded by a passing rain squall.
Sprague also radioed for assistance from Vice Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf, the commander of Task Group 77.2, which had just defeated the Southern Force in the Battle of Surigao Strait.
Unfortunately for Sprague, Oldendorf was at least three hours sail away, Task Group 77.2 was scattered over an immense distance because of the previous night's battle, and it was low on both fuel and ammunition.
The Japanese were firing dye-marked shells to gauge their aim, and the escort carriers were, much to the concern of their command, straddled in plumes of colored water.
The officers would certainly be more concerned if they were able to correspond the color of the dyed water to that of a particular Japanese ship, as plumes of red, green, blue, purple, pink and yellow dyed water started to dot the ocean.
Unbeknownst to the crew, the pink dyes corresponded to the Japanese battleship , with its guns, the largest ever manufactured, and the yellow dyes corresponded to the Japanese battleship , with its guns.
Four small fires had been kindled by these shells, but they were quickly put under control, along with a minor issue with flooding.
Despite the addition of smoke screens, and the heroic defense of her escorts, by 8:55, the Japanese had already closed the distance to only .
During the intervening period, the Japanese shells had sparked a series of fires, which the damage control parties struggled to contain, and the situation seemed to be deteriorating.
Fortunately for her crew, Admiral Kurita, discouraged by the dogged defense of Taffy 3 and his losses, harried by constant air attacks, and believing that he was facing an equal or perhaps a superior force, was convinced to withdraw.
As Taffy 3 retired to the southeast following the engagement, five Japanese kamikaze Zeroes, along with four escorting fighters, were spotted at 10:51.
As the other kamikaze maneuvered into a position to strike the ship, it was shot down a safe distance from the carrier by her anti-aircraft gunners.
At the end of the day, the carrier's crew had suffered four dead, and four wounded, with three having to be transferred to for treatment ashore.
Arriving at Manus on 1 November, she replenished until 7 November, and proceeded back to the West Coast, making a stop at Pearl Harbor.
She continued these operations until 27 June, when she was assigned to Task Force 39, commanded by Rear Admiral Alexander Sharp.
Consisting of 107 minesweepers, seven minelayers, and seven netlayers, the Task Force began minesweeping operations within the East China Sea, beginning on 5 July.
On 30 July, she withdrew from the operations, having assisted the minesweepers in clearing 404 mines over , with no loss in ships, despite the occasional Japanese submarine or plane.
After the formal signing of surrender by the Japanese garrison on Hokkaido on 9 September, she returned to Pearl Harbor, arriving on 24 September.
She cruised around the Pacific, making stops and returning U.S. servicemen back to the mainland, sailing a total of along the way, and with an average of 1,400 passengers on-board during each journey.
She first steamed for San Francisco, arriving on 20 October, took on passengers at Pearl Harbor on 27 October, and returned her passengers to San Diego on 4 November.
She was mothballed as part of the Pacific Reserve Fleet, and she was redesignated as a helicopter escort carrier whilst in reserve on 12 June 1955.
She was struck from the Navy list on 1 March 1959, and sold for scrapping on 29 August to Hyman-Michaels Co., Chicago.
Sponsored by Mrs. Victor Sundrik, she was reclassified again to CVE-75 on 15 July 1943, and was commissioned at Astoria, Oregon, on 11 January 1944, with Captain W. V. Saunders in command.
The combination of escort carriers and destroyers had proven itself effective against submarines in the Battle of the Atlantic, and was now to be used in the Pacific against the Japanese.
Returning to the patrol area after a brief stay at Eniwetok, Hoggatt Bay's group provided air support and cover for the Marianas operation from 5 July–9 August, after which the ships returned to Manus Island.
For nearly two months the escort carrier cruised these seas south and west of the Marianas in support of American operations.
The ship arrived at Ulithi on 28 October, and sailed on 10 November to provide air support for the developing campaign in the Philippines.
The voyage through the Philippines was a perilous one, as the Japanese attacked with their last desperate weapon, the suicide plane.
Temporary repairs at Ulithi and more extensively at San Diego were necessitated by an accidental explosion of bombs as aircraft landed onboard on 15 January off Luzon, Philippine Islands.
The veteran escort carrier returned to San Diego 15 February 1945, and after much-needed repairs sailed 6 April to join the vast fleet arrayed off Okinawa in support of the invasion.
She arrived Okinawa 8 May via Pearl Harbor and Ulithi and immediately took station south of the island to lend her aircraft to the carrier air forces engaged in the operation.
During this period aircraft from the ship discovered many Japanese prison camps, and the ship had the pleasure of evacuating Lieutenant Colonel James Devereux, Marine Commander at Wake Island when captured by the Japanese.
Placed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Boston, the ship was re-classified CVHE-75 on 12 June 1955, and AKV-25 on 7 May 1959.
Fort Tenedos was large earth-walled fort was constructed on the Zulu side of the Tugela River in January, 1879, opposite Fort Pearson, to support the British at the start of the Anglo-Zulu War.
The fort's armament consisted of two guns from the Royal Artillery, two 7-pounder guns with the Naval Brigade, and a Gatling gun.
Local British units consisted of the 91st Highlanders, Natal Hussars, the Durban Mounted Rifles, Alexandra Mounted Rifles, Stanger Mounted Rifles, and the Victorian Mounted Rifles.
There were also some 2,200 Natal Natives formed into two battalions of the 2nd Regt., Natal Native Contingent, and a company of Durnford's Natal Native Pioneer Corps.
It was the decisive victory of a mercenary army led by a detachment of United States Marines and soldiers against the forces of Tripoli during the First Barbary War.
She was built under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract (MC hull 1101) at Vancouver, Washington, and was laid down by the Kaiser Shipyards on 1 February 1943, as Didrickson Bay (ACV-64).
There, on 4 January 1944, gasoline was inadvertently dumped into the water around the forward part of the ship, on the starboard side.
Acetylene torch sparks ignited the volatile mixture, and flames quickly spread from the bow to frame 82, engulfing the forward galley walkway and the island superstructure.
Yardcraft and the ship's crew battled the flames and soon had the fire under control, but not before two men had died.
Embarking Composite Squadron 13 (VC-13) - 13 Grumman FM-2 Wildcats and Grumman TBM Avengers - the carrier put to sea on 15 March as the center ship in Task Group 21.15 (TG 21.15).
On the second run, the aircraft's depth charges failed to release, giving the enemy submersible the time she needed to dive.
She then formed up with CortDiv 7 and departed Hampton Roads on 24 May for further searches in the vicinity of the Cape Verdes.
Four days out, she changed course to intercept a German submarine estimated to be proceeding southwest from a position west of the Madeira Islands.
Embarking Composite Squadron 6, she conducted two weeks of pilot qualifications in the Chesapeake Bay area before departing Hampton Roads on 1 August, bound for her new base of operations, Recife.
A brief visual examination of the evidence - debris and a large quantity of diesel oil - satisfied the hunter-killer group that they had indeed sunk an enemy submarine.
Designated as the center of TG 47.7, the escort carrier put to sea on 22 August with the four destroyer escorts of CortDiv 24 to operate against a homeward-bound German submarine estimated to pass at 25° south latitude and 5° west longitude.
Underway again two days later, TG 47.7 headed out to conduct another search - this time along the estimated track of two U-boats slated to rendezvous for refuelling.
One of the target U-boats was , bound from Penang, British Malaya with a cargo of valuable petroleum products for the German war effort.
Passing to the westward of the Cape Verdes, TG 47.7 made rendezvous with s escort group to conduct a joint hunter-killer operation against the two enemy boats.
Another Avenger, drawn to the battle, braved the flak to conduct another rocket run and also dropped depth bombs, while a Wildcat strafed the U-boat which struggled desperately to dodge the harassing attacks by the American aircraft.
Subsequently, the escort carrier sailed for the Pacific and, after transiting the Panama Canal and touching at San Diego, arrived at Pearl Harbor on 10 January 1945.
Returning to Pearl Harbor after this ferry run, the escort carrier commenced training operations which would continue through the end of the war, and into late 1945.
The outbreak of the Korean War in the summer of 1950 resulted in the return of many of the Navy's reserve ships to active service to support American operations in the Far East.
After loading battle-damaged aircraft for repairs in the United States, the carrier embarked 245 Navy and Marine Corps personnel for rotation back to Alameda Naval Air Station, California.
Making port on the West Coast on 22 September, she then put to sea for the Far East a second time, once again carrying jet aircraft to Yokosuka, as well as transporting men of the Sea Echelon of Boat Unit 1.
June 13 approx 500 US Air Force personnel of the 440th FIS from Spokane WA and 441st FIS from Hamilton AFB in San Francisco, CA boarded the ship.
One source identifies the units as the 496th Fighter Squadron from Hamilton AFB, and the 440th from Geiger Air Force Base.
The new escort carrier got underway from Seattle on 17 January 1944 bound for San Francisco where she was immediately pressed into service ferrying stores, airplanes, and military personnel to Hawaii.
She departed Pearl Harbor for the homeward voyage on 29 January and arrived at San Diego with her load of passengers on 4 February.
Throughout most of February, she participated in training exercises out of San Diego before steaming, via the Canal Zone, for Hampton Roads, Virginia.
After disembarking her cargo, the carrier took on passengers including a group of 35 prisoners of war and then headed home.
On the last day of the month, she departed Narragansett Bay with Rear Admiral Calvin T. Durgin on board as Commander, Task Group 27.7, and steamed eastward conducting squadron and battery training en route to Oran, Algeria.
Weather was generally good as carrier-based planes conducted spotting missions and made strikes at various targets ashore, including gun emplacements and railway facilities.
Following a quick overhaul at Norfolk, the escort carrier set her course for Panama; transited the Canal; and arrived at San Diego on 26 October.
On the 24th, she got underway in company with a special antisubmarine task group which conducted sweeps as it steamed via the Marshalls and Ulithi for Saipan.
On the 4th, reports of enemy aircraft in the area became more frequent; and, late in the afternoon, a suicide plane crashed while trying to dive into .
On the morning of 5 January, enemy air attackers continued to menace the convoy as it steamed through Mindoro Strait and into the South China Sea.
Although fighters from the carrier shot down two Mitsubishi A6M Zeros, three enemy aircraft succeeded in penetrating the defenses of the convoy.
The carrier took one of her attackers under fire at 4,000 yards, but the Japanese plane came harrowingly close before turning aside to dive into a nearby LST which burst into flames 200 feet high.
On the 13th, after she launched a special strike against the airfields of Miyako Jima, she began antisubmarine operations along the shipping lanes approaching Okinawa.
Peace came while she was at San Diego, but she departed the west coast again on 4 September and steamed via Hawaii for the Philippines.
After returning to San Diego in January 1946, the veteran escort carrier reported to the 19th Fleet at Port Angeles, Washington, on 2 February 1946 for inactivation.
She was laid down under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1118) on 24 October 1943 by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, in Vancouver, Washington; launched on 12 January 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Scott E. Peck; acquired by the Navy on 25 February 1944, and commissioned the same day, with Captain C. S. Smiley in command.
At Eniwetok, she joined Task Group 30.8 (TG 30.8), the fast carrier forces' replenishment group, with which she arrived at Manus on 31 August.
On 18 October, she took on survivors of the , transported them to Ulithi; whence in November, she resumed covering operations which continued into the new year.
In the Philippine Sea until 10 January 1945, the replenishment group shifted to the South China Sea as the fast carriers continued support of the Lingayen assault and conducted strikes against enemy installations and shipping from Indochina to Formosa.
Departing the Marianas in TG 51.17, she provided air cover for the troop transports en route to the Volcano Islands, from 16 February to 18 February.
On the 18th, she joined TG 52.2 and from then until 8 March, operated to the east of Iwo Jima as VC-77 flew support missions over the contested island and antisubmarine patrols over the surrounding waters.
On 25 March, she arrived at her position 60 miles to the south of Okinawa and began launching strikes against enemy positions on Kerama Retto and on Okinawa.
For the next 10 days, she provided air cover for that group, then returned to TG 52.1 and resumed support missions for the troops fighting ashore.
By the end of July, the escort carrier had completed a shipyard overhaul and had been reassigned to plane ferry duty.
On 23 January 1946, she completed her last trans-Pacific run; and on 18 February, she departed California for the east coast.
Transiting the Panama Canal on 28 February, she off-loaded aircraft at Jacksonville, Florida, in early March, and proceeded to Boston to begin inactivation.
The Tau Beta Pi Association (commonly Tau Beta Pi, ΤΒΠ, or TBP) is the oldest engineering honor society and the second oldest collegiate honor society in the United States.
It honors engineering students in American universities who have shown a history of academic achievement as well as a commitment to personal and professional integrity.
When academic honor society Phi Beta Kappa sought to restrict its membership to students of the liberal arts in the late 19th century, Edward H. Williams, Jr., a member of Phi Beta Kappa and head of the mining department at Lehigh University, formulated the idea of an honor society for those studying technical subjects.
Irving Andrew Heikes, the valedictorian of his class at Lehigh, was initiated as the first student member of Tau Beta Pi on June 15, 1885.
Although Tau Beta Pi never discriminated on the basis of race or religion, Tau Beta Pi did make its start as a male-only society.
Female engineering students were scholastically eligible for Tau Beta Pi as early as 1902; however, those women were not granted membership.
Sigma Tau was an honor society for engineering much like Tau Beta Pi and was founded at the University of Nebraska in 1904.
The basis of the merger of Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Tau was the conviction that a single, strong honor society would better serve the engineering profession.
The official badge, called the Bent, is a watch key in the shape of the bent of a trestle (see picture).
Election to membership in the association is accomplished only by vote of a collegiate chapter, and members' chapter designations are always those of the chapters which elected them.
Members' class numerals are those of the years in which they received the engineering degrees on which their eligibility was based, although members with no engineering degree are designated by the year in which they were initiated.
Undergraduate students whose scholarship places them in the top eighth of their engineering class in their next-to-last year or in the top fifth of their engineering class in their last college year are eligible for membership consideration.
These scholastically eligible students are further considered on the basis of personal integrity, breadth of interest both inside and outside engineering, adaptability, and unselfish activity.
Prior to the fall of 1941, Tau Beta Pi's scholastic requirements were that eligible candidates stand in the top eighth of the junior class, but in the top quarter of the senior class.
Some chapters set a scholastic-grade deadline below which candidates are not considered, such deadline being higher than that required as a minimum by the Constitution.
Elections and initiations are normally held twice a year, in the fall and winter or spring terms of the chapter's institution.
Student electees who are financially unable to meet the initiation-fee obligation may make delayed payment arrangements with their chapters, may borrow from the association's loan fund, or may accept election but postpone initiation for up to five years.
Until 1969 membership in Tau Beta Pi was limited to men, although qualified women were offered an award called the Women's Badge.
From its authorization in 1936 until its elimination by the admission of women to membership, 619 Women's Badges were awarded by 98 chapters.
Those women have now been offered membership by their chapters after Tau Beta Pi initiated its first female members in 1969.
Engineering graduate students whose scholarship places them in the top fifth of their graduate class or whose high-quality work is attested to by a faculty member may be elected to membership.
Engineering alumni of a chapter's institution or of another recognized institution whose scholastic record placed them in the top fifth of their class may be elected to membership.
If they graduated from a recognized engineering college, they must have been engaged in engineering for at least 10 years; if not, they must have practiced engineering for at least 15 years.
The required degree of eminent achievement is left to the chapters' discretion; and candidates are further considered on the basis of exemplary character.
Members also receive automatic entry-level advancement of US Gov applicants to GS-7* 4 and member-only lifetime discounts from companies like Geico, Dell, SIRVA Home, PPI for FE/EIT and PE exams, and hotels around the world.
This program is designed to foster interest in engineering among elementary, middle, and high school students with classroom and hands-on activities.
She was laid down as Kanalku Bay under Maritime Commission contract by Kaiser Co., Inc., Vancouver, Washington on 15 September 1943; renamed Marcus Island on 6 November 1943; launched on 16 December 1943; sponsored by Mrs. S. L. La Hache; acquired by the Navy on 26 January 1944; and commissioned at Astoria, Oregon on 26 January 1944, Captain Charles F. Greber in command.
Then she embarked Composite Squadron 21 (VC-21), departed San Diego on 20 July, and arrived Tulagi in the Solomon Islands on 24 August to prepare for operations in the Palaus.
As flagship for Rear Admiral W. D. Sample's Carrier Division 27 (CarDiv 27), she began preinvasion strikes against Peleliu and Angaur on 12 September.
She provided close air support as assault troops hit the beaches beginning the 15th, and until 2 October, she launched scores of sorties during embittered fighting on the rugged islands.
Beginning on 18 October, she launched airstrikes against enemy positions and during the next week, her pilots flew 261 target and air cover missions.
On the 26th, she sent 12 bombers and fighters to the Visayan Sea where they helped sink and with repeated hits from bombs, rockets, and machine guns.
As she steamed through the Mindanao Sea on 5 January 1945, one of her planes depth-bombed a Japanese midget submarine, which was subsequently rammed and sunk by .
In addition they attacked and sank two small enemy coastal ships north of Lingayen Gulf along the Luzon coast that same day.
On the 29th, she furnished close air support during an unopposed landing at Zambales Province, Luzon, then she steamed to Ulithi, arriving on 5 February.
After completing training out of Ulithi, she steamed to Leyte Gulf on 4–7 March to conduct rehearsal exercises for the impending invasion of the Ryukyu Islands.
Planes of both the squadrons flew 1,085 sorties during this period and pounded enemy airfields, gun emplacements, supply dumps, and troop concentrations.
She sailed west again on 10 July, carrying replacement troops and aircraft to Pearl Harbor and Guam before returning to Alameda, California on V-J Day.
Sailing once more via Pearl Harbor and Guam, she reached Okinawa on 28 September and embarked returning troops, arriving San Francisco on 24 October.
This movement is part of a larger anti-tax movement in the western United States which began with the passage of Proposition 13 in California.
The tax revolt, carried out in large part by a series of citizens' initiatives and referendums, has reshaped the debate about taxes and public services in Oregon.
The leaders of the tax revolt include Don McIntire, president of the Taxpayer Association of Oregon, and Bill Sizemore, leader of Oregon Taxpayers United.
Much of the money spent to promote these anti-tax measures were provided by out-of-state backers including Americans for Tax Reform headed by Grover Norquist.
A majority of voters were frustrated by the increase in property taxes attributed to rapidly rising property values in the Portland area.
Some attribute this home price inflation to an influx of population in the Portland metro, which is surrounded by an urban growth boundary that limits the supply of developable land.
Others observe that the situation was much more complex, pointing to the loose monetary policy pursued by Alan Greenspan, including adjustments to the CPI that measured homeowners equivalent rent instead of actual home price, a recovering economy in the region, and numerous other factors.
Measure 5 also equalized school funding throughout the state, which meant that schools in rural areas benefited while schools in Portland saw budgets reduced.
The budgetary restraints caused by Measure 5 were responsible for funding cuts that were made in public schools and universities budgets.
However, even with the caps on property taxes, the continual increase in property values in Portland, exacerbated by the effects of Measure 5, brought higher tax bills for some residents.
Measure 47 also instituted Oregon's double majority rule, in which local tax levies could only pass in minor elections when voter turnout surpassed half of the registered voters.
Problems with the legal wording of Measure 47 caused the Oregon Legislature to send Measure 50 to voters in 1997, which clarified Measure 47.
The tax revolt manifested itself in a series of budget battles in the Oregon Legislature about school funding, the Oregon Health Plan, and other spending priorities during the late 1990s.
In 2000, Don McIntire helped place Measure 8 on Oregon's ballot, which would have limited state spending to 15 percent of personal income for the previous biennium.
Anti-tax activists defeated two proposals in 2003 and 2004 (Measure 28 and Measure 30), which were referred to voters by the Oregon State Legislature to increase income taxes temporarily.
Sizemore sparked the ire of several public employees unions with a series of initiatives aimed at reducing public employee pensions and reducing their political power.
The unions responded with the Voter Education Project, which tracked signature gatherers hired by Sizemore to place measures on the ballot.
After documenting instances of fraud by signature gatherers, the Oregon Education Association, a teachers' union, successfully sued Sizemore's organization under racketeering laws in 2003.
The fraud allegations also led to the passage of Measure 26 in 2002, which prohibits the payment of signature gatherers on a per-signature basis, and was approved by voters 75% to 25%.
Opponents of the tax revolt argue that passing tax decreases via ballot measure leads to short-sighted policy making, in which voters are enticed to vote with the revolt by lower tax bills and without thinking about the budget problems caused by reduced revenues.
She was laid down as Bucareli Bay (ACV-61) under Maritime Commission contract by Kaiser Company, Inc., Vancouver, Washington on 15 January 1943; renamed Manila Bay on 3 April 1943; launched on 10 July 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Robert W. Bockius; reclassified CVE-61 on 15 July 1943; acquired by the Navy on 5 October 1943; and commissioned the same day at Astoria, Oregon, Captain Boynton L. Braun in command.
Her planes bombed and strafed enemy positions from Kwajalein Island north to Bigej Island and destroyed ammunition dumps and ground installations.
She remained in the Marshalls during the next month and extended her operations late in February first to Eniwetok and then to Majuro.
During the next month she cruised between the Solomons and the Bismarck Archipelago supporting the protracted offensive to neutralize the Archipelago and the Japanese fortress at Rabaul.
American naval and ground forces began a three–pronged invasion along northern New Guinea at Aitape, Hollandia, and Tanahmerah Bay on 22 April.
On 4 May she returned to Manus Island where Rear Admiral Felix Stump relieved Admiral Davidson as Commander, Carrier Division 24.
During the next 4 days, she remained east of the embattled island as ships and planes of the Fast Carrier Task Force repulsed the Japanese Fleet in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and inflicted staggering losses on the enemy, crippling the Imperial Navy’s air strength permanently.
After embarking 207 wounded troops, she departed on 1 July, touched Pearl Harbor on the 8th, and reached San Diego on 16 July.
Steaming via Eniwetok, she reached Manus 3 October and began final preparations for the invasion of the Philippines at Leyte Gulf.
She launched ground support, spotting, and air cover strikes during the amphibious assaults on 20 October, and she sent bombers and fighters to support ground forces during the critical first few days at Leyte.
In a series of masterful and coordinated surface attacks, an American battleship, cruiser, and destroyer force met and destroyed enemy ships in the Battle of Surigao Strait early on 25 October.
Surviving Japanese ships retreated into the Mindanao Sea pursued by destroyers, PT boats, and after sunrise by carrier-based bombers and fighters.
A running battle ensued between the escort carriers of Rear Adm. Clifton Sprague's Taffy 3 and the larger, vastly more powerful surface ships of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force.
The self-sacrificing attacks by American destroyers and destroyer escorts, and the prompt, aggressive, and unceasing torpedo, bomb, and strafing strikes by planes from Taffy 2 and Taffy 3 contributed to the American victory against great odds in the Battle off Samar.
The second strike an hour later by two Avengers resulted in one torpedo hit on the portside amidships against an unidentified battleship.
Escorted by General Motors FM-2 Wildcats and led by Commander R. L. Fowler, they soon joined planes from other Taffy carriers.
Laden with rockets and bombs, one of her Avengers scored two hits on the cruiser and several rocket hits on the destroyer .
With five other escort carriers she provided air cover for Vice Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf's Bombardment and Fire Support Group, and direct air support for Vice Admiral Daniel E. Barbey's San Fabian Attack Force.
The task groups steamed via Surigao Strait and the Mindanao Sea into the Sulu Sea where they turned north for the Mindoro Strait.
The first plane hit the flight deck to starboard abaft the bridge, causing fires on the flight and hangar decks, destroying radar transmitting spaces, and wiping out all communications.
The second plane, aimed for the bridge, missed the island close aboard to starboard and hit the sea off the fantail.
Firefighting parties promptly brought the blazes under control, including those of two fueled and burning torpedo planes in the hangar deck.
Most repairs to her damaged electrical and communication circuits were completed by 9 January, when the amphibious invasion in Lingayen Gulf got underway.
They gave effective close support for ground troops at Lingayen and San Fabian and bombed, rocketed, and strafed gun emplacements, buildings, truck convoys, and troop concentrations from Lingayen to Baguio.
Battle damage repairs completed late in April, with VC-72 embarked she trained in Hawaiian waters until sailing for the western Pacific on 24 May.
She closed the coast of Okinawa on 13 June and during the next week launched rocket and strafing strikes in the Ryukyu Islands.
She departed for the Marianas on 20 June and operated out of Guam and Eniwetok during the closing weeks of the war.
From 7–12 September her planes carried out photographic and reconnaissance missions over northern Honshū and southern Hokkaidō and dropped emergency supplies at POW camps.
She was reclassified CVU-61 on 12 June 1955; her name was struck from the Navy list on 27 May 1958; and she was sold for scrap to Hugo New Corp., 2 September 1959.
Launched in May 1943, and commissioned in September, she served as a transport carrier, ferrying aircraft to bases in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
She was powered with two Uniflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
The escort carrier was laid down on 28 December 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1096, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 26 May 1943; sponsored by Mrs. James McDonald; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 13 September 1943, with Captain William Lehigh Rees in command.
Her next cruise started on 20 February, when she departed New York City, transporting Army planes and crew, bound for India.
After refueling at Dakar, French West Africa on 20 September, she began antisubmarine operations, which lasted throughout the month of November.
On 21 December, she left harbor, and proceeded to the Caribbean, where she conducted exercises in the strait between Florida and Cuba.
She was then ordered to sail to Gibraltar, where she would meet the heavy cruiser which was carrying President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his entourage back from the Yalta Conference.
She then cruised off the East Coast, training pilots and conducting pilot qualifications, before she proceeded to Guantanamo Bay on 19 July.
She was fully decommissioned on 21 February 1947, and mothballed as part of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, albeit she still stayed with the 16th Reserve Fleet.
On 30 November 1949, she was moved up to the Bayonne Naval Supply Depot, New Jersey, where she lay until she was struck from the Navy list on 1 September 1958.
She was sold to Hugo Neu Corp on 30 April 1959, and towed to Japan, where she was broken up, starting January 1960.
Launched in late 1943 and commissioned in early 1944, the ship took part in the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign followed by several battles during the Philippines campaign in 1944 and early 1945.
She was heavily damaged in a kamikaze attack and subsequently scuttled on 4 January 1945, with the loss of 95 men, including two men on board the destroyer escort who were killed by flying debris.
She was powered with two Uniflow reciprocating steam engines, which provided a force of , driving two shafts, enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow end, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one on the fore, another on the aft.
One /38 caliber dual purpose gun was mounted on the stern, and she was equipped with 16 Bofors 40 mm (1.57 in) anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, which were used in an anti-aircraft capability.
For example, during the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign and the Battle off Samar, she carried 16 FM-2 fighters and 11 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 27 aircraft.
During the Battle of Mindoro, she carried 24 FM-2 fighters and 9 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 33 aircraft.
Whilst she was in transit in support of the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, and during her eventual sinking, she carried 19 FM-2 fighters, 10 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, a TBM-3 variant torpedo bomber, and a TBM-1CP spotter plane, for a total of 31 aircraft.
The escort carrier was laid down on 6 October 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1116, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 29 December 1943; sponsored by Mrs. P. K. Robottom; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 11 February 1944, Commodore Howard L. Young in command.
By 27 April, she had completed her mission and was back in San Diego, where she began a rigorous ten days of carrier qualification landings, drills and tests.
Until 12 August she trained air groups and squadrons, then she sailed to Tulagi to rehearse for the invasion of the Palau Islands.
At the beginning of the Battle off Samar, the escort carriers began launching airstrikes in an effort to cripple as many of the approaching enemy force as possible.
Because of delays, it took two hours for a search contingent of five fighters and seven torpedo bombers to be launched.
If launched earlier, the patrol could've possibly intercepted Vice-Admiral Takeo Kurita's task force, and provided advance warning for Taffy 3, influencing the subsequent Battle off Samar.
As part of Taffy 2, she was also obliged to accept aircraft from other task groups, which were damaged or low on fuel from their strikes.
On 10 November, she was docked in Seeadler Harbor, approximately from the ammunition ship , when the ship suddenly exploded violently.
From 12 December to 17 December, the escort carrier operated in the Mindanao and Sulu Seas in support of operations on the island of Mindoro.
On the early morning of 15 December, forty Japanese planes, divided equally between kamikazes and escorts, took off from Clark Field and Davao, bound for the battleships and carriers to the east of Mindoro.
One plane missed with a bomb, and disengaged, and two were shot down by anti-aircraft fire from and the destroyer escorts.
Engaged by heavy anti-aircraft fire from the entire task force, the plane was set ablaze about away, and passed over the flight deck, crashing into the ocean.
These planes split into two groups, one group heading towards the rear of the task group, whilst the other continued on its course towards the center.
Albeit fighters from the carrier group were scrambled, false radar signals hampered their efforts to intercept, and the only successful interception was when P-47 fighters intercepted two enemy planes, shooting down one.
This successful intercept was not reported back to command, nor was the fact that the plane which escaped was being herded towards the carrier group.
At the time of the attack, ten lookouts were assigned, along with an additional lookout located on the signal platform, equipped with Polaroid glasses.
Additionally, a lack of radar signals had led the task group to believe that the Japanese planes had withdrawn, and the kamikaze attack took the lookouts by complete surprise.
Two bombs were released; one of them penetrated the flight deck and detonated below, setting off a series of explosions among the fully gassed planes on the forward third of the hangar deck, near the No.
The second bomb passed through the hangar deck, ruptured the fire main on the second deck, and exploded near the starboard side.
A TBM torpedo bomber had been hit by the kamikaze's wreckage, sparking a fire which consumed the aft of the flight deck.
Men struggling with the terrific blazes on the hangar deck soon had to abandon it because of the heavy black smoke from the burning planes and exploding .50 caliber ammunition.
The destroyer , attempting to maneuver into a position to fight the fires, collided with the carrier, damaging her port bridge wing.
At 17:45, wounded crew began to be taken off the ship, and by 17:50 the entire topside area had become untenable.
At 18:18, the torpedoes stored in the aft end of the ship finally detonated, collapsing the flight deck and launching debris onto the destroyers who were rescuing survivors.
On the morning of 29 April, she made rendezvous with Task Force 58 (TF 58) to furnish replacement aircraft, prior to its first strike against the then powerful Japanese stronghold of Truk.
There she unloaded all her aircraft and most aviation spares and materiel, and took on aircraft in need of major overhaul, and salvage equipment.
From D-Day until 29 September, with the exception of one day when bombs and ammunition were replenished at Kossol Passage, her aircraft bombed and strafed the Japanese, and searched for enemy shipping, aircraft, and submarines.
On 24 October, contact reports accumulated describing major units of the Japanese fleet moving out to fight what was to be the Battle for Leyte Gulf.
The Japanese Central Force, which had earlier been sighted and attacked by aircraft in the Sibuyan Sea, and which was thought to be withdrawing, had slipped through San Bernardino Strait under cover of darkness, and had steamed south toward the eastern entrance to Leyte Gulf.
Four General Motors FM-2 Wildcats and six Grumman TBM Avengers were launched at 07:24 to join a 05:52 launch of four fighters redirected to attack the Japanese surface ships.
Anti-aircraft guns shot down two planes, but one of the survivors crashed into the flight deck of , another crashed into , and another narrowly missed .
After rendezvousing with other aircraft from the escort carriers, the flight proceeded to San Bernardino Strait where it found and attacked a cruiser of the , scoring two torpedo hits and one probable hit.
On 26 October, the only remaining Japanese force within range of the escort carrier's aircraft was one light cruiser and four destroyers sighted in the Visayan Sea.
One plane scored a hit with a semi-armor-piercing bomb and a near miss on the cruiser and strafed a destroyer which caught on fire and blew up.
The third aircraft looped into the clouds, came straight down, missed and hit the water twenty feet in front of the bridge.
The fourth Japanese aircraft dove straight for the flight deck, its tail and wing were shot off as it fell aft of the fantail.
That night the ship returned to rendezvous with Taffy 2, TG 77.2 and TG 77.3, and, in company with them, proceeded to Manus Island.
The squadron logged 15,000 hours of flight time through eight months of combat without a single personnel loss, while pilots were awarded seventeen Navy Crosses.
In mid-January 1945, the ship was detached from Task Group 77.3 and ordered to report for duty to Task Group 77.4, to prevent runs being made by the enemy from and into Manila.
The fortress island of Iwo Jima stood in the path of the advancing Americans, and was needed as a base for fighter escorts for the B–29 raids on Tokyo and the Japanese Empire.
By 7 March, the airstrip on Iwo Jima was fully operational and the ship was ordered to retire to Ulithi via Guam.
Iwo Jima was the last operation for the ship's original squadron, VC–76, and at Guam they were disembarked and Composite Squadron 93 (VC–93) embarked on 10 March.
As a part of Task Unit 52.1.2 the ship departed 21 March 1945, escorting TG 54.1, Fire Support Group, to furnish air cover and air support in the invasion and capture of Okinawa.
She was undergoing the overhaul August 6, 1945 when the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and remained in overhaul on August 9, 1945 when the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
The carrier arrived 20 August, took VC-20 aboard for qualifying exercises in local seas, replaced VC-20 with VC-4, and sailed for Tokyo Bay 29 August by way of Eniwetok and Saipan.
Flight operations continued, consisting of scouting and anti-submarine patrols with the last flight, a TBM Avenger, landing at 16:28 on 10 September off Saipan.
The ship arrived at Saipan on 11 September, did not continue to Tokyo Bay, and departed for Pearl Harbor on 25 September with 104 members of VC-7 and other military personnel aboard as passengers.
Alterations were made at Hunters Point to accommodate more passengers and she departed 17 November for Eniwetok where she loaded 1,062 veterans, followed by 153 at Kwajalein.
She arrived in San Francisco 6 December, departed for Guam 12 December, embarked 944 veterans, and arrived at San Pedro on 18 January 1946.
Departing San Pedro on 29 January 1946, she touched at San Diego, transited the Panama Canal, and steamed up the eastern seaboard to Norfolk, Virginia, arriving 15 February.
From there she headed northward again, and made her final mooring under her own power at Boston, Massachusetts on 23 February.
She was decommissioned and placed in the Boston Group of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet on 31 July 1955, reclassified CVU–80 12 June 1955, struck from the Navy Vessel Register 27 June 1958.
The carrier entered service in 1943 and participated in a series of operations in the South Pacific including the Philippines campaign, the Battle off Samar and the Battle of Okinawa.
Then, with squadron VC-63 embarked, she departed San Diego for Pearl Harbor, reporting to ComCarDiv 24, 5th Amphibious Force, on 10 January.
Between 31 January and 7 February, as positions on Majuro Atoll were consolidated, CVE–62 furnished anti-submarine and combat air patrols (CAPs) and area searches for the attack force.
On 8 February, she extended her operations to Wotje and Maloelap, alternating for the remainder of the month between those islands and Majuro.
She then cruised to the north of the Solomons and New Ireland, providing air cover for convoys to and from Emirau where an air base and a limited naval base were being established.
During the next three weeks, she continued to cruise in the Solomons-Bismarck Archipelago area in support of the protracted offensive to neutralize the latter and seal off the Japanese fortress at Rabaul.
On 19 April she rendezvoused with TF 78 and then steamed toward New Guinea where her planes pounded enemy positions in support of a three pronged attack by Allied land and naval forces against Aitape, Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura), and Tanahmerah Bay, 22 April.
Steaming via Eniwetok, she arrived off Saipan on 19 June and was ordered to retire eastward until the Battle of the Philippine Sea was decided.
She dispatched 25 on the 22nd and the remainder early on the 23rd, then retired to a refueling area 45 miles east of Saipan.
The latter ship, with Army fighters still on board, then catapulted those aircraft to provide protective CAP until the radar screens were clear of contacts.
Between 5 September and 14 September she conducted qualification and training exercises for VC-81 (Composite Squadron 81) off Pearl Harbor, and on the 15th, got under way for Manus as a unit of the 3rd Fleet.
Prior to the invasion, her planes bombed Japanese positions and conducted strafing runs against enemy vehicles and small craft on and around Leyte and Negros.
Admiral Ozawa's Northern Force, however, had already accomplished its mission — Admiral Halsey's TF 38 had been drawn off to the north.
At 11:18, a fourth strike was sent off to push the maneuvering enemy away from Leyte Gulf, but with neither torpedoes nor armor-piercing bombs aboard, the planes took off carrying only general-purpose bombs and depth charges.
At 12:56 and at 15:08, the 5th and 6th strikes were launched to further pursue the enemy as it retreated toward San Bernardino Strait.
After recovering her planes on the 16th, she retired to Kossol Roads, thence to Manus, returning to the Palaus at the end of the month.
There, after battling enemy nuisance and suicide raiders en route, she, with five other CVEs, provided air cover for the Bombardment and Fire Support Group prior to the landings, and direct air support ahead of the amphibious troops after the assault in the San Fabian area.
Between the 10th and the 17th her continuous direct air support missions resulted in the damage and destruction of bridges, fuel and ammunition dumps, barracks, roads and vehicles.
She then moved into position to support amphibious landings on the west coast of Zambales Province and at Subic Bay, remaining there until 1 February.
With TU 52.1.1, the escort carrier provided air cover for the pre-invasion bombardment and Occupation of Kerama Retto, 24 March1 April.
For the next three months except for brief repair periods, her planes bombed and strafed strategic and tactical targets; flew observation and spotting, photographic and propaganda missions; dropped provisions and munitions in advance areas; and conducted combat air and anti-submarine patrols.
Changing course, it came in over the stern, fired incendiary ammunition at the bridge, and on reaching the island structure, nosed over and crashed the flight deck.
The engine, propeller and a bomb tore a hole in the flight deck, , while the explosion of the bomb damaged the deck of the forecastle and the anchor windlass beyond repair and ignited a nearby fighter.
During November and early December she carried servicemen from the Philippines to California, then after detachment, 29 December, she was transferred to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
Reclassified CVU–62 on 12 June 1955, she was declared unfit for further service in 1958 and her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September.
The Institute is headquartered in Vancouver, with offices also located in Calgary, Toronto, and Montreal, and ties to a global network of 80 think-tanks through the Economic Freedom Network.
The Fraser Institute was founded in 1974 by Michael Walker, an economist from the University of Western Ontario, and businessman T. Patrick Boyle, then a vice-president of MacMillan Bloedel.
Sir Antony Fisher, previously instrumental in setting up the UK's Institute of Economic Affairs, was appointed acting director in 1975, until Walker became executive director in 1977.
It does not accept government grants or payments for research, however individual donors may claim tax credits for donations and corporate donors may claim tax deductions.
The Institute has received donations of hundreds of thousands of dollars from foundations controlled by Charles and David Koch, with total donations estimated to be approximately $765,000 from 2006 to 2016.
The Institute periodically hosts free seminars across Canada for students, teachers, and journalists, focusing on key economic concepts and timely issues in public policy.
The Institute has attracted some well-known individuals to its ranks, including politicians such as former Reform Party of Canada leader Preston Manning, former Progressive Conservative Ontario premier Mike Harris, former Progressive Conservative Alberta premier Ralph Klein, and former Liberal Newfoundland & Labrador premier Brian Tobin.
According to an article published in CBC News Online, some people allege that Michael Walker helped set up the Institute after he received financial backing from forestry giant MacMillan Bloedel, largely to counter British Columbia's NDP government, then led by premier Dave Barrett.
In late 1997, the Institute set up a research program emulating the UK's Social Affairs Unit, called the Social Affairs Centre.
When Rothmans was bought by British American Tobacco (BAT) in 1999, its funding ended, and in 2000 the Institute wrote to BAT asking for $50,000 per year, to be split between the Social Affairs Centre and the Centre for Risk and Regulation.
In 2004, the Fraser Institute issued a statement of support for the legalization of cannabis and its sale on the market.
Built for service during World War II, the ship was launched in November 1943, and commissioned in January 1944, and served in support of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign and the Battle of Okinawa.
She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
The escort carrier was laid down on 20 July 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1111, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 28 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Robert H. Lewis; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 3 January 1944, with Captain Horace Bushnell Butterfield in command.
She then underwent a transport mission to Pearl Harbor on 6 February, carrying a load of replacement aircraft and military personnel.
She then returned to San Diego, stopping at Pearl Harbor along the way, and arriving on 27 April, carrying wounded military personnel, as well as nonfunctional aircraft.
After finishing her exercises, she left Pearl Harbor on 18 June, bound for the Mariana Islands, in support of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign.
After finishing her patrol, she became a replenishment carrier, supporting the Third Fleet's frontline Fast Carrier Task Force as part of Task Group 30.8, the Fleet Oiler and Transport Carrier Group.
The Third Fleet had been operating against positions on Luzon since 14 December, but its escorting destroyers ran low on fuel.
The location had been chosen because it lay out of range of Japanese fighters, but it also happened to lie within Typhoon Alley, where many Pacific tropical cyclones transited.
At 1:00 in the night, fueling operations were attempted with the destroyers, although heavy winds and listing seas complicated the matter.
He ordered his fleet to move to the next morning's planned rendezvous spot, approximately northwest, and comfortably safe from the typhoon's impacts.
To make matters worse for the Third Fleet, Halsey ordered the fleet to proceed northwards at 22:20, putting the fleet in the quadrant of the typhoon with the highest winds.
Blurry data and observations meant that command had little idea of where the typhoon actually was, with some weather maps pinning the typhoon's center some away, even whilst the fleet sailed directly into the eye.
Conflicting orders meant that some of the destroyers attempted to do some fueling during the morning, even as waves with an estimated height of pounded the task force.
To maintain steerageway, she increased her speed to , before Butterfield decided that it would be easier to change the ship on a northwesterly heading.
Her rolls steadied to a bit less than 30°, but her crew still had to fight to stay in control against heavy seas and gusty winds.
There was minor damage on the flight deck, but her loss in cargo and hull integrity was little compared to her fellow ships of Task Group 30.8.
She continued her replenishment duties after the typhoon, and on 27 December, Captain Edward Orrick McDonnell took over command of the vessel.
A squadron of fighters was launched in response to the threat, and the Japanese plane was engaged by fighters away from the task group.
Some steel supports near her bow buckled under the waves, and the flight deck bent down and sank, rendering the aircraft catapult inoperational.
She then briefly served as a training carrier, conducting pilot qualifications off of Guam, before arriving at Ulithi on 9 May, where she prepared to begin operations in support of the landings on Okinawa.
During this period, her task group came under frequent kamikaze attacks, most notably on 7 June, when two carriers were struck by aircraft.
After finishing her duties, she once again served as a replenishment carrier until the end of the war, guarding fleet oilers as they transited towards the Fast Carrier Task Force, which was launching strikes against the Japanese home islands.
There, she watched on as Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher accepted the formal surrender of Japanese forces in northern Honshu and Hokkaido on 6 September.
Berthed at the East Boston Naval Annex, she suffered extensive damage on 31 August 1954 as a result of Hurricane Carol, which toppled a dockyard crane onto her flight deck.
She was struck from the Navy list on 1 April 1960, and sold on 29 June 1960 to Coalmarket Inc. for scrapping.
One month later, she received her third and final name, Solomons, and as such was commissioned on 21 November 1943, Captain M. E. Crist in command.
Departing Astoria on 20 December 1943, she stopped at Alameda, California, three days later and arrived at San Diego on 25 December.
The carrier arrived at Balboa, Panama, on 9 February, embarked passengers, and departed for Norfolk two days later, arriving on 16 February.
Solomons spent the rest of her active service engaged in qualifying Navy and Marine pilots in carrier landings, initially off Quonset Point, Rhode Island.
For a week in December, she participated in an unsuccessful search for the 14 airmen of Flight 19, and the 13 from the ill-fated rescue mission.
Sold for scrap to the Patapsco Scrap Corp., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, she was delivered to its agent on 22 December at Newport, Rhode Island.
Launched in February 1944, and commissioned in April, she served in support of the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, the Invasion of Iwo Jima, and the Battle of Okinawa.
She was powered with two Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar decks: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
During the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, the Invasion of Iwo Jima, and the Battle of Okinawa, she carried 16 FM-2 Wildcat fighters, and 12 TBM-3 Avenger torpedo bombers, for a total of 28 aircraft.
The escort carrier was laid down on 4 December 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1124, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 26 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Henry S. Kendall; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 4 April 1944, Captain Myron Steadman Teller in command.
She headed for Pearl Harbor, where she was attached to the United States Third Fleet to store replacement aircraft to support the ongoing Mariana and Palau Islands campaign and the Philippines campaign.
Throughout the next two and a half months, she remained on station, providing replacement aircraft and crew for Task Group 38.
After completing her duties, she returned to Pearl Harbor, where she underwent repairs and training from 15 November to 5 December.
There, she was assigned to Task Group 77.4 (Taffy 2), commanded by Rear Admiral Felix Stump, which had previously participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Of the six carriers within Taffy 2, was sunk by a kamikaze plane on 4 January, and and were damaged by additional kamikazes on 5 January.
In the middle of operations, Taffy 2 was reformed under Rear Admiral Felix Stump, partially because of the losses and damages suffered by the escort carriers.
In anticipation for possible Japanese counterattacks on American positions on Mindoro and Luzon, the task group proceeded south to operate in the waters offshore Mindoro.
The task group then provided close air support for the marines throughout the landings and the costly struggle throughout the island.
She sailed for the Ryukyu Islands on 27 March, arriving in her operating area south of the island on the morning of 1 April.
On 10 June, she was ordered to join the 3rd Fleet east of Miyako Jima assisted her task group in neutralizing Japanese airfields on Sakishima Gunto.
On 20 July, she was detached and sailed, making stops at Guam and Pearl Harbor, for the West Coast, arriving at San Diego on 10 August.
When repairs were finished, she became a part of the Operation Magic Carpet fleet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from around the Pacific.
She was struck from the Navy list on 1 March 1959, and sold to Hyman-Michaels Co., Chicago, Illinois, on 29 August 1959, for scrapping.
Her keel was laid down on 23 November 1943, and she was launched on 19 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Kathryn Mullinnix; and commissioned at Astoria, Oregon, on 28 March 1944, Captain Robert G. Lockhart in command.
She stood out of Alameda on 30 April, bound for Pearl Harbor, and began the first of many routine voyages shuttling planes, pilots, and air crewmen back and forth between the front line and rear areas.
The majority of her missions carried her from Pearl Harbor, or via Pearl Harbor from the California coast, to various islands in the southern or central Pacific which served as staging areas for the war being waged farther north or west.
In the latter part of 1944, her ports of call were Majuro in the Marshall Islands, and Manus in the Admiralty Islands.
Her ports of call included Apra Harbor, Guam, in the Marianas; Roi Harbor, Roi Island, and Eniwetok in the Marshalls; and Ulithi Atoll in the Western Carolines.
Her missions in early 1945 were in support of the campaigns in the Philippines, the assault on Iwo Jima, and the preparations for the invasion of Okinawa.
The next day, she cleared the area for Guam en route to Pearl Harbor and a return to her replenishment routine.
For the next month, she made voyages between Guam, Samar Island in the Philippines, and Okinawa, returning to Pearl Harbor on 18 October and San Diego on the 26th for an availability period.
She was assigned to the Military Sealift Service, and for the next four years, she sailed between the west coast and Japan, supporting U.N. forces in Korea.
In March 1951, she delivered a load of F8F Bearcats to the French forces at Saigon in French Indochina and then visited Manila, P.I., before returning to California-to-Japan runs.
She was laid down with the hull code ACV-84 on 15 March 1943 by the Kaiser Co., Vancouver, Washington, under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1121); re-designated CVE-84 on 10 June 1943; launched on 4 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. James R. Dudley; and commissioned on 15 March 1944, Captain Frank T. Ward, Jr., in command.
Then transferred to transport duty in the Atlantic, she carried Army fighter planes and Army and Navy personnel to Casablanca and brought back damaged P-40s for use in training and for salvage and aircraft engines for overhaul and salvage.
However, the loss of escort carriers in the Philippine area brought a change of orders; and, on 11 November, with Composite Squadron 42 (VC-42) embarked, she sailed for the Pacific.
Transiting the Panama Canal on 18 November, she arrived at San Diego on the 27th; embarked VC-93 for transportation to Hawaii on 2 December; and reached Pearl Harbor on the 9th.
At Ulithi, the escort carrier joined TU 50.8.25; and, on 16 February, departed that atoll to act as carrier escort of group Baker of the Logistics Support Group for the Iwo Jima landings.
On the 5th, she returned to Ulithi to prepare for Operation Iceberg, the assault on Okinawa; and, on the 13th, she got underway for the Ryukyus, again supplying cover for the Logistics Support Group.
Detached on 7 April, a week after the main landings on the Hagushi beaches, she joined TU 52.1.1 and commenced strikes over Okinawa.
On 15 April 1945, four of the Shamrock Bay's FM-2 Wildcat fighters were scrambled to help save the USS Laffey (DD-724).
The four fighters shot down six enemy kamikazes but were forced to return to the Shamrock Bay due to being low on fuel and ammunition.
On the 28th, the ship departed Apra Harbor to return to the Ryukyus; and, at the end of the month, she resumed her support activities as a unit of TU 32.1.1.
In early June, flight operations were interrupted as the force rode out a typhoon, then continued until the ships headed for the Philippines after mid-month.
On the 5th, she sailed for Guam to take on aircraft engines to be returned to the United States for overhaul; and, on the 27th, she arrived at San Diego.
She completed that run at San Diego on 2 November 1945, then made two transpacific runs, one to Okinawa and one to Honshū.
On 2 February, she sailed for Alameda; and, on the 7th, she got underway to return to the east coast for inactivation.
Reclassified CVU-84 on 12 June 1955, she remained in the Reserve Fleet until struck from the Navy List on 27 June 1958.
She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by 8 Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
The escort carrier was laid down on 22 November 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1122, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 12 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Lawrence B. Richardson; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 21 March 1944, with Captain Edgar Tilghman Neale in command.
She operated off the Southern California coast until 3 May, when she took on a load of aircraft and personnel, and ferried them to Pearl Harbor and stops in the South Pacific.
The first rendezvous was conducted between 17 October and 29 October east of Samar, as she provided replacement aircraft for the desperate Battle off Samar.
Her second transfer occurred east of Luzon, between 10 December and 24 December, as landings and close air support began being conducted for the ongoing Battle of Luzon.
After finishing her duties as a replacement carrier for the Philippines campaign, she operated off of Pearl Harbor as a training carrier for the next three months.
Between 7 May and 16 May, her aircraft conducted 352 sorties supporting the Battle of Okinawa, bombing Japanese defenses and equipment.
On 16 May, her aviation gasoline tanks were damaged by a collision, forcing her to retire back to Guam for repairs.
She resumed operations on 9 June, and her aircraft were assigned the duty of neutralizing the five airfields on Miyako-jima and Ishigaki-jima, from which kamikaze aircraft were operating.
She cruised around the Pacific, making stops at San Francisco, Pearl Harbor, Okinawa, and Kwajalein, ultimately returning several thousand troops back to the United States.
The bay was in turn named after , a U.S. Navy sloop-of-war that spent 1868 and 1869 charting and exploring the Alaskan coast.
Launched in January 1944, and commissioned in March, she served in support of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the Philippines campaign, the Invasion of Iwo Jima, and the Battle of Okinawa.
She was powered with two Uniflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
For example, during the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, she carried 18 FM-2 fighters, and 12 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 30 aircraft.
However, during the Philippines campaign, she carried 20 FM-2 fighters and 12 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 32 aircraft.
During the Invasion of Iwo Jima, she carried 20 FM-2 fighters and 12 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 32 aircraft.
During the Battle of Okinawa, she carried 19 FM-2 fighters, 11 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, and a TBM-3P reconnaissance aircraft, for a total of 31 aircraft.
A contract for fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers was made on 18 June 1942, with the construction being awarded to the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 21 April, where she unloaded her cargo in exchange for damaged planes, before returning to Alameda, California.
She proceeded to conduct pilot qualifications off the coast of San Diego throughout May and early June, during which a FM-2 fighter crashed into the sea, killing its pilot.
On 13 August, she left, bound for the Solomon Islands, where she would act as the flagship for Carrier Division 28, commanded by Rear Admiral George R. Henderson.
She rejoined her task unit on 28 October with a new aircraft contingent, just as it started to retire back to Manus.
On 2 January 1945, her task group departed Manus, escorting transports, arriving at Lingayen Gulf just in time to support the landings on 9 January.
During this period of activity, was heavily damaged by a kamikaze, and was sunk by one, complicating the task group's efforts to provide air support.
On 21 January, she retired from supporting the landings, steaming back to Ulithi, in preparation for the landings upon Iwo Jima.
On 10 February, her task group departed Ulithi en route to Iwo Jima, making a stop at Saipan along the way.
On 11 March, she departed from Iwo Jima bound for Ulithi, with Japanese forces still entrenched within the northern half of the island.
On 2 April, her anti-aircraft guns shot down a Japanese plane which dove towards her, while she was loading ammunition within Kerama Retto Harbor.
On 29 April, she was ordered back to the United States, making stops at Guam, Pearl Harbor, arriving at San Francisco on 22 May, where she underwent repairs.
After repairs were finished, she then proceeded down to San Diego, where she delivered planes to Guam, returning on 20 August.
Following the end of the war, she steamed for Hawaii, where she underwent training operations before being incorporated into Operation Magic Carpet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from throughout the Pacific.
On 14 September, she departed Hawaii, making stops at Guiuan Roadstead, Samar, and San Pedro Bay, Leyte, where she took on servicemen.
On 1 February 1946, she was discharged from the Magic Carpet fleet, and departed San Francisco for Boston Naval Shipyard, on the Eastern seaboard.
Launched in January 1944, and commissioned in March 1944, she served in support of the Invasion of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa.
She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make .
Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.
Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as twelve Oerlikon cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck.
For example, during the Invasion of Iwo Jima, she carried 20 FM-2 fighters, and 12 TBM-1C torpedo bombers, for a total of 32 aircraft.
During the Battle of Okinawa, she carried 18 FM-2 fighters, 10 TBM-1C variant torpedo bombers, and 3 TBM-3 variant torpedo bombers, for a total of 31 aircraft.
The escort carrier was laid down on 8 November 1943, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1120, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington.
She was launched on 31 January 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Edith W. DeBaun; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 9 March 1944, with Captain William Theodore Rassieur in command.
On 6 November, she left Manus, assigned to Task Group 30.8 (Fleet Oiler and Transport Carrier Group) on the first of four tours with replenishment groups operating off the Philippines.
She provided air cover and support for the vulnerable oilers which supplied the frontline fast carrier groups with fuel and replacement aircraft, enabling them to operate out at sea for long periods of time.
Her air contingent provided artillery spotting and close air support for the marines struggling through the island, and she also conducted aircraft screening for the task group, as well as anti-submarine patrols.
Notably, on the late evening of 3 April, her fighters shot down one of a pair of kamikazes attempting to approach the escort carriers.
On 7 April, she traded places with the escort carrier , as she briefly left to join the Logistics Support Group, before returning to the strike force on 18 April.
She was decommissioned on 23 June, and subsequently stored at the South Boston Naval Annex, where she was mothballed as part of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
She was struck from the Navy list on 27 June 1958, and she was sold on 30 July 1959 to J.C. Berkwitt Co., New York.
The story is a contemporary nature versus nurture plot, revolving around fraternal twins Mickey and Eddie, who were separated at birth, one subsequently being raised in a wealthy family, the other in a poor family.
The different environments take the twins to opposite ends of the social spectrum, one becoming a councillor, and the other unemployed and in prison.
They both fall in love with the same girl, causing a rift in their friendship and leading to the tragic death of both brothers.
The musical won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and went on to a year-long national tour before returning for a revival in the West End in 1988 where it stayed at the Albery Theatre for 3 years, transferring to the Phoenix Theatre in 1991.
The revival ran for more than 24 years in the West End, and played more than 10,000 performances, becoming the third longest-running musical production in West End history.
He then wrote a score and developed the musical for a production at the Liverpool Playhouse, in 1983, starring Barbara Dickson, Andrew Schofield (narrator), George Costigan (Mickey) and Andrew C. Wadsworth (Eddie).
Nevertheless, the show transferred to London's West End on 11 April 1983 at the Lyric Theatre and ran until 22 October 1983, winning the Olivier Award for Best New Musical and another Olivier for Dickson's performance.
year-long national tour beginning in 1987, produced by Bill Kenwright (and directed by Kenwright and Bob Tomson), starring Kiki Dee as Mrs Johnstone, Warwick Evans as the Narrator, Con O'Neill as Mickey and Robert Locke as Eddie, leading to a revival at the Albery Theatre (now the Noël Coward Theatre), directed by Tomson, with the same cast.
Due to close on 27 October, its run was extended by 2 weeks with returning favourites in the closing cast, including Lyn Paul, original narrator Warwick Evans, Sean Jones as Mickey, Mark Michael Hutchinson as Eddie and Jacintha Whyte and Sarah Rimmer as Linda.
It played more than 10,000 performances in London, making it the third longest-running musical to ever play in the West End.
Mickey has been played by O'Neill, Russell Boulter, Stephen McGann, Paul Crosby, Antony Costa, Stefan Dennis David Cassidy and Michael J.Cook among others.
The play was produced by Enda Markey and directed by Andrew Pole with musical direction by Michael Tyack: the cast included Blake Bowden as Edward, Michael Cormick as the Narrator, Helen Dallimore as Mrs Johnstone, and Bobby Fox as Mickey.
The production went on to play for three weeks at the Alex Theatre, St Kilda, Melbourne, from 14 July 2015, with Josh Piterman taking over the role of Edward.
The Broadway production opened on 25 April 1993 at the Music Box Theatre and closed on 30 April 1995 after 840 performances.
Several of the British actors made their Broadway debuts, including Lawrence as Mrs. Johnstone, O'Neill as Mickey, Graveson as Linda, Hutchinson as Eddie and Evans as the narrator.
To boost box office sales during the run, Kenwright persuaded Petula Clark to make her Broadway debut, replacing Lawrence as Mrs. Johnstone, with David and Shaun Cassidy as her sons.
The musical received Tony Award nominations for best musical, best book and best direction, and Lawrence (best actress), O'Neill (best actor) and Graveson (best featured actress) were all nominated for their performances in the original Broadway production.
Following Clark's portrayal, Mrs. Johnstone was played by other 1970s pop singers, with King and Reddy later playing the role on Broadway.
Many of the cast members were also in the Canadian run, which starred David Cassidy, Michael Burgess and Canadian singer-songwriter Amy Sky.
David Kramer adapted and directed the South African version in 2012, which he set in District Six, a predominantly Coloured inner-city residential area in Cape Town during the Apartheid era, with black cast members.
Brno City Theatre revived the Novák adaptation for a production which premiered 2 June 2012 for a 25 performance run during which Hana Holišová and alternated in the role of Johnstonová.
In addition to the above, the musical has also been produced in various theatres in Europe, Mexico, Japan, Korea and Canada.
Some time in the early 1960s, Mrs. Johnstone is heavily in debt and cannot support her seven children after her husband walks out on her, so she takes a job as a cleaner for a local high-class couple, Mr. and Mrs. Lyons.
The first song describes her marriage- her husband, flirted with her at a dance, and they embarked on what was supposed to be a whirlwind romance, but Mrs. Johnstone fell pregnant soon after they started dating, forcing them to get married.
She found herself pregnant again only months after the birth of their first child, and this has obviously occurred several times, as she is now pregnant for the eighth time.
Mrs. Lyons is desperate for a baby but is unable to conceive, and would like to adopt a child but her husband, who is away on business overseas, is not keen on the idea.
Mrs. Johnstone finds out that she is going to have twins and explains to Mrs. Lyons that she cannot afford to raise two more babies.
After keeping her deal with Mrs. Lyons, she lies to her other children, saying that the other baby had died and gone to heaven.
Mrs. Johnstone continues to work for the rich family, but Mrs. Lyons soon feels that Mrs. Johnstone is paying too much attention to the child that she has given up to her.
Later in the day, Mickey goes to Eddie's house, but Mrs. Lyons throws him out when she comes to the realization that he is Edward's separated twin.
Afterwards, he takes her to see Eddie, and the three of them sneak off to play, but are caught by a police officer when about to throw stones through a window.
Mrs. Lyons becomes worried about Eddie's friendship with Mickey, as she has started to believe the superstition that she herself had made up.
She decides to move and persuades her husband, who realizes she is becoming ill and the sees the effect the poorer children are having on his son.
When Eddie says goodbye, Mrs. Johnstone gives him a locket with a picture of herself and Mickey, and the boys separate.
The Johnstone family are enjoying a better life now they have moved to a new home and a new area, and they have not seen Eddie in all this time.
Mickey has a crush on Linda, who is obviously interested in him too, but Mickey does not know how to act with her.
Mrs Lyons confronts Mrs Johnstone and accuses her of following her family to stay close to Edward; Mrs Lyons then flies into a rage and tries to kill Mrs Johnstone, but is stopped and runs away.
Eddie returns at Christmas ready to party and have fun, but Mickey realizes that they are now very different; after a small argument with Eddie, they part.
Mickey despairs that he was not the one given away, because then he could have had the life given to Eddie.
Named in memory of a naval battle fought off Savo Island in the Solomons on 9 August 1942, she was the only U.S.
On 6 July, her air squadron reported on board; and, after training at San Diego and Pearl Harbor, she reported to the 3rd Fleet at Pearl Harbor on 4 August.
Between 11 September and 30 September, she operated with a group of escort carriers near the island, while her planes conducted pre-invasion strafing, direct support of ground forces and patrol missions.
On 3 October, she reported to the 7th Fleet at Manus Island, and sailed on the 12th in the screen of the bombardment and support group of battleships and cruisers of the Leyte invasion task force.
Upon arriving on the 18th, her aircraft carried out patrols and strikes against predesignated targets, and shifted to ground support missions as the troops went ashore on the 20th.
This turned out to be the central force in a three-pronged, Japanese naval assault on Allied forces at Leyte, consisting of four battleships, six cruisers, and many destroyers.
After replenishing in Kossol Passage in the Palaus, she got underway on 10 December for her third amphibious operation, the landings on Mindanao.
Once again, she covered the bombardment group during the approach and then provided direct support over the beaches until relieved by Army aircraft on 15 December.
After supporting landings near Subic Bay on the 29th-30th, she retired to Ulithi for repairs and replacement of her air group.
On 26 March, with two other escort carriers, she supported the occupation of Kerama Retto, which was to become the main replenishment base for the naval forces off Okinawa.
She then resumed her support mission off Okinawa, and on 27 April carried out neutralizing strikes against Sakishima Gunto, halfway between Okinawa and Formosa.
She departed on 31 August with a force of six escort carriers to support the occupation of northern Honshū and Hokkaidō.
After picking up occupation troops at San Francisco, she made three voyages carrying troops home, one each from Guam, Pearl Harbor, and Okinawa.
She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1959; sold on 29 February 1960 to Comarket, Inc.; and broken up for scrap in Hong Kong in June, 1960.
In addition, she received a Presidential Unit Citation for her service in the Western Carolines, the Philippines, and Okinawa from 6 September 1944 – 29 April 1945.
Many parents park their cars in school parking lots and driveways to drop off and pick up their children at the appropriate times.
In the past it was normal for children to walk to school, either on their own, with friends, or accompanied by an adult.
In recent years walking to school has become less common as more and more students are dropped off at school by parents using cars, sometimes in a rota with other parents.
Firstly, in many cases both parents work and do not have time to walk their children to school, and do not know any other parents who have the time either.
Secondly, even if the children are old enough to walk on their own (or cycle), most parents are worried that something may happen to them, e.g.
The risk of children being run over near their schools is much higher than in the past due to all the parents driving their own children to school and parking in unsafe places near the school gates.
It is not unusual to see drivers parking their cars in bus stops, on pedestrian crossings or facing the wrong way, with children getting in or out of the car.
The fear that something may happen to the children has perhaps more to do with media coverage of isolated cases than any real threat.
Some schools now have a 20 mph speed limit operating when the children are about, though traffic congestion often necessitates a lower speed.
With the increase in a choice of schools for parents, children may have to travel further and are more likely to require a bus or car ride.
It is claimed that the school run is responsible for a large amount of the traffic problems in the morning rush hour.
To combat the issue of exercise, or lack thereof, many schools have started employing programs and techniques to encourage children to walk to school, whilst mitigating the possible dangers of walking to school.
An example of one of these programs is the 'walking school bus' whereby children at selected schools can elect to travel within an organised group of school children and volunteer parents.
The school run has become a popular target for some politicians and campaigners against the use of cars for journeys which could be better walked or cycled.
Opened in October 1971, it was known for its distinctive hole in the roof, the result of abandoned plans to construct a retractable roof.
The stadium was the home field of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys for 38 seasons, through 2008, and had a seating capacity of 65,675.
However, by the mid-1960s, founding owner Clint Murchison, Jr. felt that the Fair Park area of the city had become unsafe and downtrodden, and did not want his season ticket holders to be forced to go through it.
Murchison was denied a request by mayor Erik Jonsson to build a new stadium in downtown Dallas as part of a municipal bond package.
Murchison envisioned a new stadium with sky boxes and one in which attendees would have to pay a personal seat license as a prerequisite to purchasing season tickets.
With two games left for the Cowboys to play in the 1967 season, Murchison and Cowboys general manager Tex Schramm announced a plan to build a new stadium in the northwest suburb of Irving.
Texas Stadium, along with Arrowhead Stadium (1972), Rich Stadium (1973), and the Pontiac Silverdome (1975), were part of a new wave of football-only stadiums (all with artificial turf) built after the AFL–NFL merger.
More so than its contemporaries, Texas Stadium featured a proliferation of luxury boxes, which provided the team with a large new income source exempt from league revenue sharing.
It hosted its first game on October 24, 1971, a 44–21 victory over the New England Patriots, and became an icon of the Cowboys with their rise in national prominence.
The Cowboys entered the season as defending NFC champions and won their first world title in Super Bowl VI in January 1972.
The unusual roof also introduced a unique difficulty in televising games, as sunlight would cover part of the field and make it hard for TV cameras to adjust for the changes in light.
The stadium hosted neutral-site college football games and was the home field of the SMU Mustangs for eight seasons, from 1979 through 1986.
After the school returned from an NCAA-imposed suspension in 1988, school officials moved games back to the school's on-campus Ownby Stadium to signify a clean start for the football program (since replaced by Gerald J. Ford Stadium in 2000).
Texas Stadium served as a temporary home for two Dallas-area high schools, Plano Senior High School in 1979 after its home stadium was damaged by a prank gone awry, and Highland Park High School while a new stadium on campus was being built.
In 2006, the long-awaited mythical matchup between Trinity High School from Euless, and Carroll Senior High School from Southlake, in the second round of the playoffs, ending in a scintillating 22-21 Southlake victory (on their way to a fourth 5A state championship in five years) before an announced crowd of 46,339 at Texas Stadium.
These games marked two of the top three all-time attendance figures for a Texas high school football game and the stadium recorded three of the top 20 attendance records.
In 1994, the stadium hosted the John Tyler vs. Plano East high school football regional playoff, whose wild seesaw finish won it the 1995 Showstopper of the Year ESPY Award.
In addition to American football, the Dallas Tornado of the NASL used it as their home stadium from 1972 to 1975 and again from 1980 to 1981 when the team folded.
In both instances, the event was won by three-time PBR world champion Adriano Morães (in 1994 he was the co-champion along with Pat Yancey).
The 1995 event was also notable because it rained while the roof was open, turning much of the dirt into mud, which affected the performance of several bulls.
On May 25, 2008, Texas Stadium hosted the first ever professional lacrosse game in Texas when the two-time defending Major League Lacrosse champions Philadelphia Barrage played the Long Island Lizards.
The Barrage disbanded after the 2008 season while the re-named New York Lizards are still members of MLL's Eastern Conference as of 2019.
The initial 1984 card drew more than 40,000 fans, the highest attendance of any wrestling card in the state of Texas at that time.
The stadium hosted religious gatherings such as Promise Keepers and Billy Graham crusades; a Graham crusade was the first event held at Texas Stadium.
An overhead shot of the stadium (looking down at the field from the hole in the roof) was also featured prominently as part of the show's opening credits for each of its thirteen seasons on CBS.
When opened, the stadium had many amenities that included 381 luxury suites, a stadium club where fans gathered for parties and banquets, and The Corral that provided food, beverages, entertainment and large screen televisions.
However, by the 2000s other NFL teams received new stadiums that had more club and luxury seating than Texas Stadium had, so the Dallas Cowboys asked for a new stadium.
The Cowboys left Texas Stadium after the 2008 NFL season for AT&T Stadium (opened for the 2009 NFL season) that was partially funded by taxpayers in Arlington.
In November 2004, Arlington voters approved a half-cent (.005 per U.S. dollar) sales tax to fund $325 million of the then estimated $650 million stadium by a margin of 55%-45%.
Jerry Jones, the Cowboys' owner, spent over $5 million backing the ballot measure, but also agreed to cover any cost overruns which as of 2006 had already raised the estimated cost of the project to $1 billion.
AT&T Stadium, which has a retractable roof system, also includes a setting that mimics a hole in the roof as a tribute to Texas Stadium.
The stadium was scheduled for demolition and implosion on April 11, 2010, as confirmed by the mayor of Irving on September 23, 2009.
Many of the items in the stadium were auctioned off by the city and the Dallas Cowboys including the stadium seats, scoreboard and other pieces of memorabilia.
The City of Irving announced that the Texas Department of Transportation would pay $15.4 million to lease the site for 10 years for use as a staging location for the State Highway 114/Loop 12 diamond interchange.
On September 23, 2009, the City of Irving granted a demolition contract to Weir Brothers Inc., a local Dallas based company, for the demolition and implosion of the stadium.
On December 31, 2009, The City of Irving and Kraft Foods announced details of their sponsorship deal for the stadium's implosion — including a national essay contest with the winner getting to pull the trigger that finishes off the stadium.
Texas's Department of Transportation is using the site as an equipment storage and staging area, after which Irving will decide long-term plans.
In 2013–15, the area around the former stadium has been the epicenter for at least 46 small earthquakes, ranging in magnitude from 1.6 to 3.6.
Sahibzada Mohammad Shahid Khan Afridi (; ; born 1 March 1980), popularly known as Boom Boom, is a Pakistani cricketer, YouTuber, and former captain of the Pakistan national cricket team.
As a successful all-rounder, Afridi was respected for his consistent bowling that relied on change of pace rather than spin, but he drew greater attention for his aggressive batting style.
Afridi was the world record holder for the fastest ODI century in 37 deliveries and holds the distinction of having hit the most sixes in the history of ODI cricket.
However, he made a brief return to international cricket after being selected to represent and captain the World XI against West Indies in the 2018 Hurricane Relief T20 Challenge charity match.
Following the conclusion of the match, Afridi announced his retirement from international cricket at the Lord's cricket stadium on 31 May 2018.
Afridi was drafted to the Pakistan senior national team after fine performances at the under-19 championship circuit starting the 1994–95 season.
Playing for the Karachi Whites, he helped his team win the title the following season picking 42 wickets in five matches at an impressive average of 9.59.
Later that season, Afridi had played against the visiting England A and West Indies Youth teams and a few first-class games for Karachi Whites in the senior National Championship.
In October 1996, Afridi was drafted into the ODI team during the four-nation Sameer Cup 1996–97 as a leg spinner as a replacement for the injured Mushtaq Ahmed.
In his first international innings, Afridi broke the record for fastest century in ODI cricket, reaching his hundred from 37 balls.
Pakistan posted a total of 371, at the time the second-highest in ODIs, and won by 82 runs; Afridi was named man of the match.
The record for fastest century in ODI was broken by New Zealand cricketer Corey Anderson on 1 January 2014 who reached triple-figures from 36 balls and is now held by South-African cricketer AB de Villiers who made a century from 31 balls on 18 January 2015 against West Indies.
Two years after appearing on the international scene, Afridi made his Test debut in the third game of a three-match series against Australia on 22 October 1998.
He played his second Test the following January during Pakistan's tour of India; it was the first Test between the two countries since 1990.
In five first-class matches he scored 295 runs at an average of 42.14, including a highest score of 164, and took 11 wickets at an average of 46.45; Afridi also played 11 one day matches for the club, scoring 481 runs at an average of 40.08 and taking 18 wickets at 24.04.
His highest score of 95 came from 58 balls in a semi-final of the C&G Trophy to help Leicestershire beat Lancashire by seven wickets.
Derbyshire County Cricket Club signed Afridi to play for them in the first two months of the 2003 English cricket season.
In June 2004 Afridi signed with English county side Kent to play for them in three Twenty20 matches and one Totesport League match.
Afridi made his presence felt in the third Test against India in March 2005, scoring a quick-fire second-innings half-century and taking five wickets in the match (including Tendulkar twice) to help Pakistan to win the game and register a series draw.
In April Afridi struck what at the time was the equal second-fastest century in ODIs; he reached 100 off 45 deliveries against India, sharing the record with West Indian Brian Lara.
Afridi was more consistent with his batting and bowling throughout 2005, starting with the tours of India and West Indies and through to the England tour.
The Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer helped Afridi to reach a fuller potential by improving his shot selection and giving him free rein over his batting attitude.
On 21 November 2005, Shahid Afridi was banned for a Test match and two ODIs for deliberately damaging the pitch in the second match of the three-Test series against England.
Television cameras pictured him scraping his boots on the pitch scuffing the surface when play was held up after a gas canister exploded.
Afridi later pleaded guilty to a level three breach of the ICC code of conduct relating to the spirit of the game.
On 12 April 2006, Afridi announced a temporary retirement from Test cricket so that he could concentrate on ODIs, with a particular focus on the 2007 World Cup, and to spend more time with his family.
Afridi had played ten Tests since being recalled to the side in January 2005, averaging 47.44 with the bat including four centuries.
Afridi was charged on 8 February 2007 of bringing the game into disrepute after he was seen on camera thrusting his bat at a spectator who swore at him on his way up the steps after being dismissed.
Afridi was given a four-game ODI suspension, the minimum possible ban for such an offence, meaning that he would miss Pakistan's first two 2007 World Cup matches.
In the 2007 World Twenty20, he performed poorly with the bat but brilliantly with the ball, earning the Man of the Series award, though he failed to take a wicket in the final and was out for a golden duck.
But in the next ICC Twenty20 World Cup, held in 2009 Afridi performed brilliantly in the series scoring 50 runs in the semi-final and 54 in the final and leading his team to victory.
Shortly after Pakistan won the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 the captain Younis Khan announced his retirement from Twenty20 cricket the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) subsequently announced that Shahid Afridi had taken over as captain in T20Is; the appointment was initially for one match, with a decision on the permanent replacement to be made later.
On 31 January 2010, Afridi was caught on camera biting into the ball towards the end of the 5th Commonwealth Bank ODI series in Australia.
In March 2010 the board announced that Shahid Afridi had been appointed ODI captain in place of the sacked Mohammad Yousuf he led Pakistan in the 2010 Asia Cup and during his first three matches as ODI captain he scored two centuries against Sri Lanka and Bangladesh he finished as the tournaments highest runscorer with 384 runs from 3 matches.
On 25 May 2010, Afridi was appointed captain of the national team in all three formats, after he announced his return to Test cricket.
He scored 31 off 15 deliveries in the first innings and 2 in the second but was dismissed succumbing to rash strokes in both the innings.
According to a representative of Afridi, he had voiced his concerns about Mazhar Majeed – who had approached Pakistan's players – in June.
Majeed also confirmed that he approached Afridi, Abdul Razzaq, Younis Khan and Saeed Ajmal but all off them refused to be affiliated with him of his fixing menace.
Worth mentioning is that the four names given above were not associated in the original scandal and that no disciplinary action have been taken against them by the sports governing body the International Cricket Council.
Pakistan lost the first two T20Is but won the third; in final match Afridi became the first cricketer to reach 50 international wickets in the format.
In the same match, he also became the first cricketer to have completed the double of 500 runs and 50 wickets in the T20 Internationals.
When Pakistan's squad for the 2011 World Cup was announced no captain was named; Afridi, the incumbent ODI captain and Misbah-ul-Haq, the Test captain, were the front runners for the position.
Pakistan lost the first match against New Zealand by 8-wickets, the second match got rained out and in the third Mohammad Hafeez scored a century and Afridi scored a blistering 65 from just 25 balls.
The following match was a tight game but Pakistan prevailed by two-wickets thanks to three boundaries from Sohail Tanvir, the match was set up by a 93 not out from Misbah-ul-Haq.
Afridi helped in the lower order by scoring 24 and taking two crucial top order wickets to help guide Pakistan to a 43-run victory and their first ODI series win in two years.
After gaining victory as a captain against New Zealand, the PCB declared Shahid Afridi as Pakistan's captain for the 2011 World Cup.
In Pakistan's opening match of the tournament, Afridi took 5 wickets for 16 runs against Kenya, giving him the best bowling figures by a Pakistan bowler in a World Cup.
In the following match against Sri Lanka, which Pakistan won, Afridi claimed for more wickets to help his side to victory and became the second player to have scored 4,000 runs and taken 300 wickets in ODIs.
He claimed 17 wickets from 6 matches in the first round of the Cup, including a five-wicket haul against Canada, as Pakistan finished top of their group and progressed to the next stage.
After beating the West Indies in the quarter-final, with Afridi taking four wickets, Pakistan were knocked out of the semi-finals in a 29-run defeat to India.
Afridi was the tournament's joint-leading wicket-taker with 21 wickets, level with India's Zaheer Khan, even though Afridi had played one match less than him.
After the series, on 19 May the PCB replaced Afridi as ODI captain with Misbah-ul-Haq for the two-match ODI series against Ireland later that month.
The PCB suspended Afridi's central contract, fined him 4.5 million rupees ($52,300), and revoked his no-objection certificate (NOC) which allowed Afridi to play for Hampshire.
In 2013 during the first ODI game against the West Indies in Guyana, Afridi finished with figures of 7/12, the second best ODI bowling figures of all time.
There were talks about this being Afridi's 'last Twenty20' and he said after the loss to Australia that he would think about retiring and announce it within a week.
Afridi said it was unfair for them to announce his plans in the media, but then said he wanted a farewell match, which didn't happen as a result of him cancelling a meeting regarding the issue with the PCB.
In 2017, Afridi announced that he quit international cricket after 21 years, saying he would continue to play domestic T20 for another 2 years before retiring.
In March 2016, Pakistan was unable to make it to the semi-finals in the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 after losing to New Zealand, India and Australia.
However, he went against their decision after the match and announced that he would make the decision himself after consulting family and other iconic players beforehand and also announce it in Pakistan.
However, a six-page report by Younis was later leaked by the PCB to the media where he was shown to be pointing much of the blame onto Afridi.
First Younis claimed that Afridi was 'unfair' to new cricketer Mohammad Nawaz by calling him up to bowl in the Asia Cup 2016 because it 'destroyed the youngster's confidence' after he gave 38-runs in 3 overs.
Younis went on to accuse Afridi of being 'non-serious' in the game along with saying that he missed training sessions and meetings.
He also said that Afridi showed poor performance with the bat, ball and as a captain and was clearly not listened to by other players.
Younis expressed great anger on the report being leaked as it led to fans criticising him for shifting the blame onto Afridi instead of accepting equal responsibility.
Manager Intikhab Alam also called Afridi 'clueless' in the 3 matches but said Younis was unable to ensure that the players were physically fit.
Afridi was asked to appear to the enquiry committee, made up of Misbah-ul-Haq and other iconic players, who would hear his view on the situation.
However, it was said he refused to until it was revealed that his daughter was in hospital undergoing surgery at the time.
Days after the match, Afridi posted a video on Twitter, in which he apologised to all his fans for the teams disappointing performance.
He said he didn't care about what others were saying about him and only wanted to answer to his fans and wanted to apologise for letting them and Pakistan down.
Even during his arrival from Dubai back to Pakistan, a few days after the rest of the team, fans chanted 'Boom Boom Afridi' at the airport amidst high security.
However, in April 2018, he was named in the Rest of the World XI squad for the one-off T20I against the West Indies, which was played at Lord's on 31 May 2018.
In the first season of Pakistan Super League, Shahid Afridi was part of the franchise Peshawar Zalmi as Captain and as Icon Player.
In the PSL 2017 drafts Afridi step down as Peshawar Zalmi Captain and appoints Darren Sammy as Captain in the PSL Season 2 they winning the title with them.
After the end of the second season Afridi left the Peshawar Zalmi as President and as Player as well , Later Afridi was made the President of Karachi Kings.
In 2018, Afridi was chosen as an icon player and Captain by the Paktia Panthers in the first season of Afghanistan Premier League.
In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Brampton Wolves franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament.
In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Belfast Titans in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament.
This attitude has been transferred to Test cricket as well, with Afridi scoring at a relatively high strike rate of 86.97.
He is known for hitting long sixes, while his trademark shot is a cross-batted flick to the leg-side to a ball outside off stump.
However, his aggressive style increases his risk of getting out and he is one of the most inconsistent batsmen in cricket.
This is reflected by the fact that he is the only player to score more than 7,000 ODI runs at an average under 25.
In the Indian subcontinent, where the ball quickly loses its shine, he prefers to open the batting; however, elsewhere he prefers to bat at number six.
On 22 August 2017, in his 256th Twenty20 match, Afridi hit his first century in the format, scoring 101 for Hampshire in the 2017 NatWest t20 Blast against Derbyshire.
Afridi began his career as primarily a bowler, but after scoring the fastest century in his maiden ODI innings more was expected of him with the bat.
On 23 August 2018, after a match winning all-round performance in the Caribbean Premier League for Barbados Tridents, Australian cricketer Steve Smith said that he tried to model the bowling action of Afridi.
UNICEF and many Pakistani authorities have taken Shahid Afridi on board for the anti-polio campaign in the tribal belt of lawless Waziristan region.
As per Master Beverages and Foods Limited, Shahid Afridi had signed a contract with Master Beverages as their brand ambassador, but also secretly signed an agreement to become a brand ambassador of another renowned beverage company.
According to the agreement, the star cricketer cannot sign any other company and has instituted a lawsuit against the cricketer in Sindh High Court (SHC) for damages amounting to Rs 60,000,000 and recovery of a car.
It gave its name to the British Leyland Motor Corporation, formed when it merged with British Motor Holdings in 1968, to become British Leyland after being nationalised.
Although the various car manufacturing businesses were eventually divested or went defunct due to the troubled existence of BL and its successors (Mini and Jaguar Land Rover are the two surviving organisations), the original Leyland Trucks business still exists as a subsidiary of Paccar.
Leyland Motors has a long history dating from 1896, when the Sumner and Spurrier families founded the Lancashire Steam Motor Company in the town of Leyland in North West England.
The Lancashire Steam Motor Company was renamed Leyland Motors in 1907 when it took over Coulthards of Preston, who had been making steam wagons since 1897.
They also built a second factory in the neighbouring town of Chorley which still remains today as the headquarters of the Lex Autolease and parts company.
Rumours that a chain drive broke were found to be incorrect when the car was disinterred late in the 20th century as the chains were intact.
At the other extreme, they also produced the Trojan Utility Car in the Kingston upon Thames factory at Ham from 1922 to 1928.
Whilst the Spurrier family were in control the company enjoyed excellent labour relations—reputedly never losing a day's production through industrial action.
Leyland built the Cromwell tank at its works from 1943 as well as medium/large trucks such as the Hippo and Retriever.
In 1955, through an equity agreement, manufacture of commercial vehicles under licence from Leyland Motors commenced in Madras, India at the new Ashok factory.
BMH, which was the product of an earlier merger between the British Motor Corporation, the Pressed Steel Company and Jaguar, brought with it into the new organisation more famous British goods vehicle and bus and coach marques, including Daimler, Guy, BMC, Austin and Morris.
This, and other reasons, led to financial difficulties and in December 1974 British Leyland had to receive a guarantee from the British government.
In 1975, after the publication of the Ryder Report and the company's bankruptcy, BLMC was nationalised as British Leyland (BL) and split into four divisions with the bus and truck production becoming the Leyland Truck & Bus division within the Land Rover Leyland Group.
At this point, while building about 10,000 trucks per annum, Leyland was more and more depending on outside engines as production of their own 98-series was steadily declining.
The 1986 closure of Bedford's heavy truck plant further harmed Leyland, as they had been planning on selling axles and other components to the General Motors subsidiary.
The bus operations was sold in a management buyout to form Leyland Bus, and was subsequently bought by Volvo Buses in 1988, which discontinued most of its product range but adopted the Leyland Olympian, reengineering it as the first named Volvo Bus model, the Volvo Olympian aside from minor frame changes the major alterations were the fitment of Volvo axles, braking system and controls.
The Leyland name and logo continues as a recognised and respected marque across India, the wider subcontinent and parts of Africa in the form of Ashok Leyland.
Today, Ashok-Leyland is pursuing a joint venture with Nissan, and through its acquisition of the Czech truck maker, Avia, is entering the European truck market directly.
With its purchase of a 26% stake in UK-based bus manufacturer Optare in 2010, Ashok Leyland has taken a step closer to reconnecting with its British heritage, as Optare is a direct descendant of Leyland's UK bus-making division.
It was one of the first manufacturers to devise chassis designs for buses that were different from trucks, with a lower chassis level to help passengers board more easily.
Its chief designer, John George Rackham, who had experience at the Yellow Coach Company in Chicago before returning to England, created the Titan and Tiger ranges in 1927 that revolutionised bus design.
Imports such as the Volvo F88 and Scania 110/140 were selling very well in the UK thanks to the previously unheard of levels of driver comfort, reliability, quality and performance.
Leyland had insufficient money for development of a complete new vehicle at the time, so designers were instructed to utilise as many existing in-house components as possible.
It was perceived at the time that the resulting model would be a stopgap until the new T45 range was ready for production toward the latter half of the 1970s.
The only existing engine within the Leyland empire suitable for such an application (following the demise of the ill-fated fixed-head 500 series and AEC's underdeveloped and unreliable V8) was the AEC AV760 straight-six, which was turbocharged and designated as the TL12.
Other engine options included a 200 bhp Leyland L11, as well as Cummins 10- and 14-litre engines at 250 and 330 bhp, respectively.
It was notable at the time for its low-level passenger side windscreen, featured as a safety aid to enable the driver to see the kerb, although this was removed on later models.
The Leyland Constructor was a 6x4, three axle wagon with gross weight up to 24 tonnes used as a tipper or on short haul distribution duties.
The T45's cab is called the C40 and its design was a joint effort between Leyland, BRS and Ogle Design and was seen as the height of modernity when compared with its predecessors, the idea being to have one basic design to replace the various outgoing models (for example, the Bathgate built the G cab on the Terrier, the Ergomatic cabbed the Lynx, Beaver etc.).
This did indeed make good economic sense; however, there has been speculation that Leyland did in fact alienate a number of customers who had traditionally purchased other marques from within the Leyland empire—Albion, AEC, Scammell, etcetera – who were now left with no alternative but to have a Leyland-branded vehicle or purchase from elsewhere.
The Roadtrain was available in day- and sleeper-cabbed form, in high and low datum versions—this refers to the cab height—high datum versions were intended as long haul vehicles with higher mounted cabs and more internal space.
6x2 versions were built in high cab form only on a chassis that was basically that of the ageing Scammell trunker.
The Constructor's chassis was entirely Routeman behind the cab, albeit with altered suspension and with the front chassis rails splayed wider apart to fit the new C40 cab.
In 1986, the high roofed Roadtrain interstate was introduced, a top of the range long distance truck with standing room inside.
The Roadtrain was a common sight throughout most of the 1980s, with a great many of the major fleet users in the UK such as Tesco, Blue Circle Industries (unusually with high datum day cabs) and BRS running them.
The firm of Swain's based in Rochester, Kent had a number of roadtrains in its fleet which enjoyed a comparatively long service life (until the late 1990s) before being replaced by the newer DAF 85.
Production ended in 1990 with the sale of Leyland Trucks to Dutch firm DAF, although as a postscript DAF relaunched the model in low-datum form (it was already manufacturing the large DAF 95) as the DAF 80, using the Roadtrain cab with the DAF 330 ATi engine (quite ironic, given that this engine had its roots in the Leyland O.680).
This model was produced for a relatively short time until 1993 with the launch of the brand new cabbed DAF 85.
Due partly to the cab's propensity to rust and also to the admittedly short life of commercial vehicles, any Roadtrain in commercial operation is now a very rare sight indeed.
This is known to the British Army as Demountable Rack Offload and Pickup System (DROPS), which has seen action in Iraq and Afghanistan and is still in service, but is due to be replaced by the MAN version.
As such, it was a no-frills vehicle of a simple and sturdy design, with five- or six-speed transmissions rather than the multi-speed units used on European models.
The idea that the output of a function at any time depends only on past and present values of input is defined by the property commonly referred to as causality.
The causality of systems also plays an important role in digital signal processing, where filters are constructed so that they are causal, sometimes by altering a non-causal formulation to remove the lack of causality so that it is realizable.
For a causal system, the impulse response of the system must use only the present and past values of the input to determine the output.
In astronomical spectroscopy, the Lyman-alpha forest is a series of absorption lines in the spectra of distant galaxies and quasars arising from the Lyman-alpha electron transition of the neutral hydrogen atom.
Quasar 4C 05.34 was the farthest object observed to that date, and Lynds noted an unusually large number of absorption lines in its spectrum.
Follow-up observations by John Bahcall and Samuel Goldsmith confirmed the presence of the unusual absorption lines, though they were less conclusive about the origin of the lines.
Jan Oort argued that the absorption features are due not to any physical interactions within the quasars themselves, but to absorption inside clouds of intergalactic gas in superclusters.
The Lyman series of spectral lines are produced by electrons transitioning between the ground state and higher energy levels (excited states).
The Lyman-alpha spectral line has a laboratory, or rest, wavelength of 1216 Å, which is in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The Lyman-alpha absorption lines in the quasar spectra result from intergalactic gas through which the galaxy or quasar's light has traveled.
Since neutral hydrogen clouds in the intergalactic medium are at different degrees of redshift (due to their varying distance from Earth), their absorption lines are observed at a range of wavelengths.
The Lyman-alpha forest is an important probe of the intergalactic medium and can be used to determine the frequency and density of clouds containing neutral hydrogen, as well as their temperature.
Searching for lines from other elements like helium, carbon and silicon (matching in redshift), the abundance of heavier elements in the clouds can also be studied.
A cloud with a high column density of neutral hydrogen will show typical damping wings around the line and is referred to as a damped Lyman-alpha system.
For quasars at higher redshift the number of lines in the forest is higher, until at a redshift of about 6, where there is so much neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium that the forest turns into a Gunn–Peterson trough.
Key lime pie is an American dessert pie made of Key lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk in a pie crust.
While their thorns make them less tractable, and their thin, yellow rinds more perishable, Key limes are more tart and more aromatic than the common Persian limes seen year-round at grocery stores in the United States.
During mixing, a chemical reaction between the proteins of the egg yolks and condensed milk with the acidic lime juice occurs that causes the filling to thicken on its own without requiring baking.
Early recipes for Key lime pie did not require baking the pie, relying on this reaction (called thickening) to produce the proper consistency of the filling.
If such is the case, however, it is also possible and maybe even probable that Sally adapted the recipe already created by local sponge divers.
Sponge divers spent many continuous days on their boats, and stored their food on board, including nutritional basics such as canned milk (which would not spoil without refrigeration), limes and eggs.
Sponge divers at sea would presumably not have access to an oven, and, similarly, the original recipe for Key lime pie did not call for cooking the mixture of lime, milk, and eggs.
It is held every year over the July 4 weekend and is a celebration of the use of Key limes in food, drinks, and culture.
In 1965, Florida State Representative Bernie Papy, Jr., introduced legislation calling for a $100 fine to be levied against anyone advertising Key lime pie not made with Key limes.
It was formed in 2000 from two earlier organizations, the Electronic Industries Association of Japan and the Japan Electronic Industries Development Association.
Child suicide bombers in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict refers to the exploitation of children to carry out suicide bombings by Palestinian militant groups.
Minors have been recruited to attack Israeli targets, both military and civilian, especially during the Second Intifada from 2000 to 2005.
Fatah, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine have all been implicated in involving children in this way.
The issue was brought to world attention after a widely televised incident in which a mentally handicapped Palestinian teenager, Hussam Abdo, was disarmed at an Israeli checkpoint.
The youngest Palestinian suicide bomber who blew himself up was Issa Bdeir, a 16-year-old high school student from the village of Al Doha.
According to the Israel Defense Forces, 29 suicide attacks were carried out by youth under the age of 18 in 2000–2003.
From May 2001, 22 shootings attacks and attacks using explosive devices were carried out by youth under the age of 18, and more than 40 youths under the age of 18 were involved in attempted suicide bombings that were thwarted (three in 2004).
On March 24, 2004, one week after capturing a bomb in the bag of 12-year-old Abdullah Quran, Hussam Abdo, a 16-year-old Palestinian (who initially claimed he was 14), was captured in a checkpoint near Nablus wearing an explosive belt.
On June 16, 2004, two girls, aged 14 and 15, were arrested by the IDF for allegedly plotting a suicide bombing.
On July 3, the Israeli Security Forces thwarted a suicide bombing that it claimed was to have been carried out by 16-year-old Muataz Takhsin Karini.
Karini and two of his operators were arrested, while a 12 kg explosive belt was detonated safely by an Israeli EOD crew.
On September 23, 2004, a day before Yom Kippur, the Shin Bet and the Israel Police announced their capture of a 15-year-old suicide bomber and a 7 kg explosive belt in the village of Dir-Hana in the Western Galilee.
On November 1, 16-year-old Aamer Alfar blew himself up in Tel Aviv's Carmel Market, killing 3 Israelis in a suicide bombing that was claimed by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
Yes, it is difficult here for everyone because of the occupation, and life in Nablus is intolerable, but children should not be exploited in this way.
On February 3, 2005, Mahmoud Tabouq, a 15- or 16-year-old Palestinian, was arrested at the Huwara checkpoint near Nablus carrying a bag containing an explosive belt, an improvised gun, and 20 bullets.
On April 12, a 15-year-old Palestinian boy identified as Hassan Hashash was caught at Huwara checkpoint hiding five pipe bombs under his coat.
On April 27, two teenagers, aged 15 (though other sources cite their ages as 12 and 13), were arrested at a checkpoint near Jenin after 11 explosive charges were found on them.
The two told interrogators that they had been acting as couriers for terrorists, but security forces suspect they planned to get close to the soldiers and then detonate the charges.
This was the 14th time during April and May that a Palestinian child was arrested as a bomber or a courier.
On June 15, The Israeli press reported that the Shabak arrested a Palestinian militant cell in Nablus during the previous month.
According to the Shin Bet, the cell was directed and funded by the Fatah's Tanzim branch and the Lebanese group Hezbollah.
He told the soldiers he was forced to agree to commit a suicide bombing when two terrorists from Fatah's Tanzim faction threatened to murder him by spreading a leaflet accusing him of collaboration unless he agreed.
On August 27, a 15-year-old Palestinian boy carrying two explosive devices on his body was arrested in the northern Gaza Strip after he attempted to carry out an attack against soldiers operating in the area against Palestinians launching Qassam rockets on Israeli civilians across the border inside Israel.
I found that there was little difficulty in finding young men interested in becoming suicide bombers in Gaza and the West Bank.
Repeated actual and expected events humiliate youngsters and interfere with their adaptive identifications with their parents because their parents are humiliated as well.
Volkan gives the examples of beatings, torture, or the loss of a parent as typical humiliating events that might make a young person more susceptible to recruitment for suicide terrorism.
Once people become candidates to be suicide bombers, the routine rules and regulations, so to speak, or individual psychology does not fully apply to their patterns of thought and action.
Often, the effect of this is confusing to outsiders as it can disrupt, delay and even circumvent the family's ability to focus on its grief over the loss of a family member and it may even support the family in claiming to outsiders joy over the loss of its loved one.
According to Human Rights Watch, Major Palestinian armed groups, including Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Islamic Jihad, and Hamas, have publicly disavowed the use of children in military operations, but those stated policies have not always been implemented.
[...] Israeli government policy in the Occupied Territories defines Palestinians under the age of 16 as minors while Israeli children in the same territories are considered minors until they reach the age of 18.
During a search done June 29, 2002, of a house belonging to a Hamas militant in the town of Hebron, The IDF claims to have found a photo showing an 18-month infant standing wide-eyed in a baby suit, Red wires strapped to his waist, with a pretend explosives belt, and across his head tied a red bandana of Hamas.
Brokoff was of Carpathian German origin, born in Spišská Sobota, today in Slovakia, then in Royal Hungary, and later working and living in Bohemia.
He and his wife Elisabeth () born Spingler had four children - sons, Michal Jan Josef, Ferdinand Maxmilian and Antonin Sebastian, and a daughter, Anna Eleonora.
Two of the sons continued in his work (and the younger, Ferdinand Maxmilian, becoming the more prominent), the third son, Antonín Sebastian, later became the court poet in Vienna.
The works attributed to him are of two kinds: some he made himself, others he only designed and let his son Ferdinand actually make them.
It took this fella just 10 years to make a significant impact to the Australian indoor cricket team, infact he has led the Australia indoor team to a World Cup final beating South Africa by a staggering 20 runs.
Several versions of the game have been in existence since the late 1960s, whilst the game in its present form began to take shape in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The codified sport of indoor cricket is not to be confused with conventional cricket played indoors, or with other modified versions of cricket played indoors (see other forms of indoor cricket below).
Despite these basic similarities, the game itself differs significantly from its traditional counterpart in several ways, most notably on the field of play and the means by which runs are obtained.
As a minimum, every male player, including the fielders have to wear an abdominal guard (box), with the person bowling the ball as an exception.
Indoor batting gloves are readily available at cricket stores, however some indoor cricket facilities also provide basic non-slip gloves that can be shared during the game.
Some players prefer to use hard ball batting gloves to prevent their hands from serious injury, as the indoor cricket ball can cause serious damage.
It is recommended to have a doctor checkup before taking up indoor cricket, especially in advance age and/or with any medical conditions.
The length of an indoor cricket pitch is the same as a conventional cricket pitch, and has 3 stumps at each end, but there the similarities end.
The striker's crease is in the regulation place in front of the stumps, but the non-striker's crease is only halfway down the pitch.
A faster version of the game exists, where each side is reduced to 6 players and each innings lasts 12 overs instead of 16.
For example, a batsman strikes the ball, hitting the back net on the full (6) and makes one physical run, for a total of 7 runs.
A mankad is given out if the bowler completes their bowling action without releasing the ball, breaks the stumps at their end without letting go of the ball and the non-striker is out of their ground.
Whilst lbw is a valid form of dismissal in indoor cricket, it is a far rarer occurrence in indoor than it is in outdoor cricket.
A batsman can only be dismissed lbw if he does not offer a shot and the umpire is satisfied that the ball would then have hit the stumps.
Indoor cricket is officiated by one umpire who is situated outside of the playing area at the strike batsmen's end of the court.
The second innings continues for a full 16 overs even if the batting side passes the first innings total due to the possibility of a side finishing behind a total even after they have surpassed it (see dismissals above).
In most cases indoor cricket is played according to a skins system, where the batting partnerships from each innings are compared against one another and the higher of the two is deemed to have won the skin.
For example, the second batting partnership in the first innings might score 5 runs whilst the second partnership in the second innings scores 10 – the latter would be deemed to have won the skin.
The team that has won the greater of the four skins available is often awarded the win if the totals are tied.
This means if the batsmen play 2 consecutive balls without a change in the scorecard (applies on multiple batsmen over multiple overs), the scorecard has to change on the 3rd ball.
It can be changed by batsman scoring a run, extra runs or in the case where a run is not scored on the 3rd consecutive ball, the batsman is declared out and 5 runs deducted off the score, hence changing the scorecard.
if a '7' is hit, it will counted as 14 runs and if a wicket is lost, it will be counted as minus 10 runs.
Test indoor cricket is the highest standard of indoor cricket and is played between members of the World Indoor Cricket Federation.
Those sides have since been joined on the international stage by England (1990), South Africa (1991), Zimbabwe (1998), Namibia (1998), India (2000), Pakistan (2000), Sri Lanka (2002), United Arab Emirates (2004), Wales (2007), France (2007), Guernsey (2007), Singapore (2013), Malaysia (2017).
These series can consist of three to five matches and where more than two nations are involved, may also include a finals series.
Similarly, since 1990, Test series between Australia and England have been played for a trophy known as The Ashes, a name borrowed from the trophy contested by the same nations in outdoor cricket.
The national competition in New Zealand is referred to as the Tri Series and is contested by three provinces – Northern, Central and Southern.
The Indoor Cricket World cup was first held in Birmingham, England in 1995 and has run every two or three years since.
Australia has won all 9 Open Men World Cup titles (since 1995) and all 8 Open World Cup titles (since 1998).
A tournament was held under the auspices of the Husum Cricket Club in a hall in Flensburg in the winter of 1968–69.
Conceived as a way of keeping cricketers involved during the winter months, various six-a-side leagues were formed throughout England in the first half of the decade, eventually leading to the first national competition held in March 1976 at the Sobell Center in Islington.
Despite the early popularity of the sport in England, a different version of indoor cricket developed by two different parties in Perth, Western Australia in the late 1970s evolved into the sport known as indoor cricket today.
Against the backdrop of the upheaval in the conventional game caused by World Series Cricket, torrential rain and a desire to keep their charges active led cricket school administrators Dennis Lillee and Graeme Monaghan to set up netted arenas indoors.
Concurrently, entrepreneurs Paul Hanna and Michael Jones began creating an eight-a-side game that eventually led to the nationwide franchise known as Indoor Cricket Arenas (ICA).
It was not long before hundreds of ICA-branded stadiums were set up throughout Australia, leading to the first national championships held in 1984 at a time where over 200,000 people were estimated to be participating in the sport.
The sport underwent several organisational changes, most notably in Australia and in South Africa (where competing organisations fought for control of the sport), but the game has changed little since that time and has risen in popularity in several nations.
Under the auspices of the World Indoor Cricket Federation the sport has reached a point where is played according to the same standard rules in major competitions throughout the world.
The national bodies are responsible for selecting representatives for its national side and organising home and away internationals for the side.
Conventional cricket matches have taken place at covered venues (usually featuring a retractable roof) and can thus be regarded as cricket being played indoors.
Such matches are relatively infrequent and come with added complications in the event that the ball makes contact with the roof while in play.
This variant sees the six players on each team utilise the same playing and protective equipment that can be found in outdoor cricket, and is played in indoor facilities that differ greatly from the international form of indoor cricket.
They were designed in the early 1950s as first-rate ocean-going convoy escorts, in the light of experience gained during World War II.
Although themselves rapidly outdated, the Type 12 proved to be an excellent basis for a series of frigate designs used by the British and Commonwealth navies for the next 20 years.
Critical to the design of the Type 12 was the capability to steam for long periods of time in heavy seas, economically and at high speed.
For this reason a novel hull form was devised, which, despite its appearance, was totally unrelated to that of the earlier Type 41 / Type 61 design.
The forecastle deck was level to maintain maximum freeboard aft of the stem where it is most likely that waves will break across the deck.
These two features meant that the hull not only cut through the water, but that spray was thrown upwards and outwards, away from the bridge and gun turret.
This was especially important in high latitudes where war experience had shown that spray could cause rapid and undesirable ice build-up on the forecastle.
The deck edges and hull also met at a curve rather than an angle, the anchors were recessed, and protrusions were kept to a minimum to limit the potential sources of ice build-up and spray generation.
The Mark 6 gunhouse was large and heavy, so had to be carried low to maintain stability and give a good view over it from the bridge.
This had the added benefit of moving the bridge aft, where there was considerably less motion, improving the lot of the watchkeeper.
The hull form, coupled with a twin-shaft double-reduction geared steam turbine plant (the Y-100) that operated at high temperature and pressure (for efficiency) and low revolutions, with new five-bladed low-cavitation propellers (for efficiency and quietness) lent themselves to the perfect hull for a high-speed, all-weather anti-submarine vessel.
Experience with the Type 15 frigate program, rebuilding wartime destroyers into fast anti-submarine frigates, had led to the adoption of a bridge design characteristic of Royal Navy escorts up to the of 1969.
The original funnel was a straight, cylindrical affair that was designed to resist a nuclear blast, but this was prone to down-draughting and did not clear the hot exhaust gasses particularly well.
This allowed a three-bomb salvo to be placed both above and below the target, creating a convergent pressure wave more likely to assure a kill.
Again, wartime experience had shown that the quarterdeck, perhaps not an obvious location for an ahead throwing weapon, was indeed the best location for such weapons where they were out of the spray towards the front of the vessel.
The Limbo mortars were controlled by three sonars, the Type 174 search set, Type 162 target classification set and the Type 170 'pencil beam' targeting set.
The lattice foremast carried the Type 293Q target indication set and the Type 974 navigation set, and a Type 277Q height finder was carried on a stump mast between the bridge and the mainmast.
Carrying the Limbos aft allowed the forecastle to be left clear for the twin 4.5in Mark 6 gun for anti-surface and limited anti-aircraft fire, controlled by a Mark 6M director with Type 285 radar mounted behind the bridge.
Ultimately the E version of the Mark 20 torpedo was a failure as it was not nearly fast enough to catch its intended target, and the tubes were removed (in those cases where they had been fitted at all) and the torpedoes never deployed.
Intended to function much as the modern CIWS does, this weapon was ahead of the limits of technology at the time; it was overweight and overly complex and its sensitive valve electronics were a maintenance nightmare.
It would remain in New Zealand service until 1971 when it returned to the Royal Navy, and decommissioned that same year.
The Daubechies wavelets, based on the work of Ingrid Daubechies, are a family of orthogonal wavelets defining a discrete wavelet transform and characterized by a maximal number of vanishing moments for some given support.
Among the 2 possible solutions of the algebraic equations for the moment and orthogonality conditions, the one is chosen whose scaling filter has extremal phase.
The Daubechies wavelets are not defined in terms of the resulting scaling and wavelet functions; in fact, they are not possible to write down in closed form.
The graphs below are generated using the cascade algorithm, a numeric technique consisting of simply inverse-transforming [1 0 0 0 0 ... ] an appropriate number of times.
Note that the spectra shown here are not the frequency response of the high and low pass filters, but rather the amplitudes of the continuous Fourier transforms of the scaling (blue) and wavelet (red) functions.
Sub-sequences which represent linear, quadratic (for example) signal components are treated differently by the transform depending on whether the points align with even- or odd-numbered locations in the sequence.
The lack of the important property of shift-invariance, has led to the development of several different versions of a shift-invariant (discrete) wavelet transform.
Both the scaling sequence (low-pass filter) and the wavelet sequence (band-pass filter) (see orthogonal wavelet for details of this construction) will here be normalized to have sum equal 2 and sum of squares equal 2.
In some applications, they are normalised to have sum formula_1, so that both sequences and all shifts of them by an even number of coefficients are orthonormal to each other.
Solving the coefficient of the linear filter formula_17 using the quadrature mirror filter property results in the below solution for the coefficient values for filter of order 4.
The wavelet coefficients are derived by reversing the order of the scaling function coefficients and then reversing the sign of every second one, (i.e., D4 wavelet = {−0.1830127, −0.3169873, 1.1830127, −0.6830127}).
While software such as Mathematica supports Daubechies wavelets directly a basic implementation is simple in MATLAB (in this case, Daubechies 4).
Other, more sophisticated methods are available, but often it is not necessary to use these as it only affects the very ends of the transformed signal.
Mohammad Yousuf (Punjabi, ; formerly Yousuf Youhana, ; born 27 August 1974) is a Pakistan former cricketer, who played all three formats and also a former captain of Tests and ODIs and also religious preacher.
Prior to his conversion to Islam, Yousuf was one of the few Christians to play for the Pakistan national cricket team.
Yousuf scored 1,788 runs in 2006 which is a world record for most runs scored in a year in tests at an average of almost 100.
Yousuf was banned from playing international cricket for Pakistan by the Pakistan Cricket Board on 10 March 2010, following an inquiry into the team's defeats during the tour of Australia.
An official statement was released by the Pakistan Cricket Board, saying that he would not be selected again because he had created disciplinary problems and infighting within the team.
However, following Pakistan's disastrous first Test against England in July/August 2010, PCB decided to ask Yousuf to come out of retirement.
As a boy, he couldn't afford a bat and so swatted his brother's taped tennis ball offerings with wooden planks of various dimensions on surfaces masquerading as roads.
As a 12-year-old, he was spotted by the Golden Gymkhana, though even then only circumstances dictated his ambitions and never thought of playing cricket, to make a living.
Yousuf, hailing from a poor background, was plucked from the obscurity of a tailor's shop in the slums of the eastern city of Lahore to play a local match in the 1990s.
He was set to work at a tailor's when he was pulled back by a local club was short of players.
They called him to make up numbers and made a hundred which led to a season in the Bradford Cricket League, with Bowling Old Lane, and a path back into the game.
Until his conversion to Islam in 2005, Yousuf was the fourth Christian (and fifth non-Muslim overall) to play for the Pakistan cricket team, following in the footsteps of Wallis Mathias, Antao D'Souza and the Anglo-Pakistani Duncan Sharpe.
He also has the distinction of being the first and so far only non-Muslim to captain the country, leading the team in the 2004–05 tour of Australia where he scored a century in the Boxing Day Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
He converted to Islam after attending regular preaching sessions of the Tablighi Jamaat, Pakistan's largest non-political religious grouping, whose preachers include Yousuf's former teammate Saeed Anwar and his brother.
However, the news was kept private for three months due to family reasons, before his announcement of their conversion publicly in September 2005.
He has scored over 9,000 One Day International runs at an average above 40 and over 7,000 Test runs at an average above 50 (2nd highest batting average amongst all Pakistani batsmen) with 24 Test centuries.
He has the record of scoring the most runs without being dismissed in the One Day International match, with a total of 405 runs against Zimbabwe in Zimbabwe in 2002–2003.
He was the top scorer during the successive years of 2002 and 2003 in the world in One Day International match.
Seven months later in July 2006, when Pakistan toured England, he scored 202 runs and 48 in the first Test, again earning himself the man of the match award.
Yousuf was named CNN-IBN's Cricketer of the Year for 2006, ahead of the likes of Australian captain Ricky Ponting, West Indies Brian Lara, Australian spinner Shane Warne, South Africa's bowling spearhead Makhaya Ntini and Sri Lanka's Muttiah Muralitharan.
Yousuf became the fourth recipient of the ICC 'Test Cricketer of the Year' award for 2007, he scored 944 runs at an average of 94.40 including seven centuries and two fifties in just 10 innings and that was enough to be awarded the honour ahead of English batsman Kevin Pietersen and Australian batsman Ricky Ponting.
A year that started on a promising note, Yousuf carried it forward to break two world records both held earlier by former West Indian batsman Viv Richards.
The 32-year-old, Pakistani batsman achieved an unparalleled 1788 runs in just 10 Test matches with the help of twelve centuries which became his second world record.
Although capable of hitting the ball hard, Yousuf is quick between the wickets, although he is prone to being run out.
On 30 November 2006, during the third innings of the final Test between Pakistan and West Indies at Karachi, he surpassed Viv Richards's thirty-year-old record and became the highest scorer in Test matches during a single calendar year.
Yousuf also equaled the record held by former Australian batsman Donald Bradman, by scoring six centuries in successive Tests – although it took him only four matches compared with Bradman's six.
After his 191 at Multan he became the first player in Test history to have been dismissed 3 times in the 190s, with all three innings coming in 2006.
Yousuf is a skilful infielder, with a report prepared by Cricinfo in late 2005 showing that since the 1999 Cricket World Cup, he had effected the seventh highest number of run-outs in ODI cricket of any fieldsman.
He is also distinguished by his characteristic celebration after hitting one hundred runs for his country, where he prostrates in thankfulness to Allah in the direction of Mecca.
On 29 March 2010, Yousuf announced his retirement from international cricket, two days after the Pakistan Cricket Board imposed an indefinite ban on him.
He was placed under an indefinite ban by the Pakistan Cricket Board for his disciplinary problems on Pakistan's tour of Australia 2009–2010.
On 1 August 2010, after Pakistan lost the first Test match against England at Trent Bridge, Nottingham, Yousuf was called back in the squad for the rest of the series.
Shortly after the completion of the second test, Pakistani captain Salman Butt announced that he expected Yousuf to return for the third test.
The selectors decided to play Yousuf in a tour match against Worcestershire just before the third Test so that his form and fitness could be checked.
Yousuf then scored 56 against England in the third Test before being caught and bowled by Graeme Swann; in the process Yousuf became Swann's 100th casualty in Test cricket;the day saw a much improved performance by Pakistan as they were eventually bowled out for 308.
Yousuf was subsequently selected to play for Pakistan in all three formats against South Africa in October 2010; he was considered as an option for becoming captain but the captaincy was given Misbah-ul-Haq Yousuf's batting partner Younis Khan; however he was not selected.
In 2007, after initially signing a contract to join the Indian Cricket League, Yousuf later refused due to pressure from the Pakistan Cricket Board as he would later face a ban by the board.
In return the PCB promised to get him into the Indian premier league, however, no team bid for him as he faced litigation from the ICL.
Yousaf's chances to return to Pakistani cricket improved on 2 February 2009 when a Pakistani court suspended the ban on ICL players.
Yousuf ended his association with the unsanctioned Indian Cricket League (ICL) in early May, in the hope of earning a recall for his country.
His decision to join the ICL was made because of differences with former captain Shoaib Malik, who has since been replaced by Younus Khan.
In July 2009, on his first match after returning to Test Cricket since 2007, Yousuf scored a century to announce his return to cricket.
Yousuf informed the Pakistan Cricket Board that he would not be taking part in the Champions Trophy 2008 because it would coincide with the holy month of Ramadan.
He along with another former Indian Cricket League player Abdul Razzaq were awarded ‘A’ category mid-term central contracts by Pakistan Cricket Board after they left Indian Cricket League.
A little over one year after being welcomed back by the PCB, Yousuf was made captain of the Test team for the tour of New Zealand after Younus Khan was allowed to take a break.
The Pakistan Cricket Board, on 10 March 2010, banned Yousuf and former captain, Younis Khan from playing for the national team indefinitely and imposed one-year bans on Shoaib Malik and Rana Naved-ul-Hasan.
Pakistan then toured England in July 2010 and after losing the first test by 354 runs due to a weak batting line-up, the second innings total of 80 being the lowest total by Pakistan against England.
He then required a visa which was granted but there was a concern that Yousuf could not come to England in time for that tour.
Yousuf captained his domestic team, the Lahore Lions, to victory in the 2010–11 Faysal Bank Twenty-20 Cup; the team defeated the Karachi Dolphins in the final.
Chief Selector Mohsin Khan elected to withdraw Yousuf from the ODI and T20I squads but said that he should be ready to play in the Test match series.
The match-referee called him and Yousuf stated that because he came for the test series he did not bring coloured clothing because he did not think that he would play.
Amid his recent spate of injuries, former Pakistan captain Moin Khan suggested that Yousuf should retire from ODIs and T20s and focus on Tests only due to age and consistent injuries.
* In 2011, he was decorated by the President of Pakistan with the Sitara-i-Imtiaz, the third highest honor bestowed by Pakistan.
In humans, rod cells are exclusively responsible for night vision as cone cells are only able to function at higher illumination levels.
Night vision is of lower quality than day vision because it is limited in resolution and colors cannot be discerned; only shades of gray are seen.
The human eye can function from very dark to very bright levels of light; its sensing capabilities reach across nine orders of magnitude.
This means that the brightest and the darkest light signal that the eye can sense are a factor of roughly 1,000,000,000 apart.
The eye takes approximately 20–30 minutes to fully adapt from bright sunlight to complete darkness and becomes 10,000 to 1,000,000 times more sensitive than at full daylight.
This is due to cones obtaining more sensitivity when first entering the dark for the first five minutes but the rods taking over after five or more minutes.
Cone cells are able to regain maximum retinal sensitivity in 9–10 minutes of darkness whereas rods require 30–45 minutes to do so.
There exist three types of cone photoreceptors, each being maximally sensitive to a specific wavelength of light depending on the structure of their opsin photopigment.
The various cone cells are maximally sensitive to either short wavelengths (blue light), medium wavelengths (green light), or long wavelengths (red light).
Rod photoreceptors only contain one type of photopigment, rhodopsin, which has a peak sensitivity at a wavelength of approximately 530 nanometers which corresponds to blue-green light.
A minor mechanism of adaptation is the pupillary light reflex, adjusting the amount of light that reaches the retina very quickly by about a factor of ten.
In response to varying ambient light levels, rods and cones of eye function both in isolation and in tandem to adjust the visual system.
The range where two mechanisms are working together is called the mesopic range, as there is not an abrupt transition between the two mechanism.
Many animals such as cats possess high-resolution night vision, allowing them to discriminate objects with high frequencies in low illumination settings.
Despite the fact that the resolution of human day vision is far superior to that of night vision, human night vision provides many advantages.
Furthermore, in the event of an emergency situation occurring at night humans can increase their chances of survival if they are able to perceive their surroundings and get to safety.
Both of these benefits can be used to explain why humans did not completely lose the ability to see in the dark from their nocturnal ancestors.
Therefore, the time required for dark adaptation and pigment regeneration is largely determined by the local concentration of 11-cis retinal and the rate at which it is delivered to the opsin in the bleached rods.
The decrease in calcium ion influx after channel closing causes phosphorylation of metarhodopsin II and speeds up the cis-retinal to trans-retinal inactivation.
Color testing has been used to determine the time at which rod mechanism takes over; when the rod mechanism takes over colored spots appear colorless as only cone pathways encode color.
A decrease in calcium levels when cGMP gated Na channels close activates guanylate cyclase, which increases production of cGMP, and also increases the affinity of the channels to cGMP to potentiate re-opening of the Na channels.
The decrease in calcium ion concentration also inhibits the activation of phosphodiesterase to slow cGMP hydrolysis and increase the amount of cGMP.
This allows for the photoreceptor cell to hyperpolarize again in response to changes in brightness level even in the dark because channels would re-open and allow for the cell to slightly depolarize.
The merging of signals by virtue of the diffuse ganglion cells, as well as horizontal and amacrine cells, allow a cumulative effect.
Thus that area of stimulation is inversely proportional to intensity of light, a strong stimulus of 100 rods equivalent to a weak stimulus of 1,000 rods.
This is not due to structural changes, but by a possible shutdown of inhibition that stops convergence of messages in bright light.
Numerous clinical studies have shown that dark adaptation function is dramatically impaired from the earliest stages of AMD, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and other retinal diseases, with increasing impairment as the diseases progress.
AMD is a chronic, progressive disease that causes a part of your retina, called the macula, to slowly deteriorate as you get older.
It is characterized by a breakdown of the RPE/Bruch's membrane complex in the retina, leading to an accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the macula.
During the AMD disease course, the RPE/Bruch's function continues to deteriorate, hampering nutrient and oxygen transport to the rod and cone photoreceptors.
As a side effect of this process, the photoreceptors exhibit impaired dark adaptation because they require these nutrients for replenishment of photopigments and clearance of opsin to regain scotopic sensitivity after light exposure.
As such, research has shown that, by measuring dark adaptation, doctors can detect subclinical AMD at least three years earlier than it is clinically evident.
There are a range of different methods, with varying levels of evidence, that have been purported or demonstrated to increase the rate at which vision can adapt in the dark.
As a result of rod cells having a peak sensitivity at a wavelength of 530 nanometers they cannot perceive all colours on the visual spectrum.
Because rod cells are insensitive to long wavelengths, the use of red lights and red lens glasses has become a common practice for accelerating dark adaptation.
In order for dark adaptation to be significantly accelerated an individual should ideally begin this practice 30 minutes prior to entering a low luminescence setting.
The insensitivity to red light will prevent the rod cells from further becoming bleached and allow for the rhodopsin photopigment to recharge back to its active conformation.
Once an individual enters a dark setting most of their rod cells will already be accommodated to the dark and be able to transmit visual signals to the brain without an accommodation period.
The concept of red lenses for dark adaptation is based upon experimentation by Antoine Béclère and his early work with radiology.
In 1916, the scientist Wilhelm Trendelenburg invented the first pair of red adaptation goggles for radiologists to adapt their eyes to view screens during fluoroscopic procedures.
Although many aspects of the human visual system remain uncertain, the theory of the evolution of rod and cone photopigments is agreed upon by most scientists.
Following the evolution of mammals from their reptilian ancestors approximately 275 million years ago there was a nocturnal phase in which complex colour vision was lost.
Being that these pro-mammals were nocturnal they increased their sensitivity in low luminescence settings and reduced their photopic system from tetrachromatic to dichromatic.
The shift to a nocturnal lifestyle would demand more rod photoreceptors to absorb the blue light emitted by the moon during the night.
It can be extrapolated that the high ratio of rods to cones present in modern human eyes was retained even after the shift from nocturnal back to diurnal.
The photopigment rhodopsin found in human rod cells is composed of retinal, a form of vitamin A, bound to an opsin protein.
Retinal could then have one of two fates: it could recombine with opsin to reform rhodopsin or it could be converted into free retinol.
The American scientist George Wald was the first to recognize that the visual system expends vitamin A and is dependent upon diet for its replacement.
Consumption above 3000 micrograms per day is referred to as vitamin A toxicity and is usually caused by accidental ingestion of supplements.
Retinoids can be used immediately by the body upon absorption into the cardiovascular system; however, plant-based carotenoids must be converted to retinol prior to utilization by the body.
Vitamin A-based opsin proteins have been used for sensing light in organisms for most of evolutionary history beginning approximately 3 billion years ago.
This vitamin was most likely selected by evolution for sensing light because retinal causes a shift in photoreceptor absorbance to the visible light range.
This shift in absorbance is especially important for life on Earth because it generally matches the peak irradiance of sunlight on its surface.
A second reason why retinal evolved to be vital for human vision is because it undergoes a large conformational change when exposed to light.
This conformational change is believed to make it easier for the photoreceptor protein to distinguish between its silent and activated state thus better controlling visual phototransduction.
the length of dark adaptation was measured in a patient with systemic vitamin A deficiency (VAD) before and after vitamin A supplementation.
It was observed that after merely one day of vitamin A supplementation the recovery kinetics of dark adaptation were significantly accelerated after photoreceptor bleaching.
These chemicals are also the most visible of the flavonoid phytochemicals because they provide bright blue, red, or purple pigmentation to many plant species.
In humans, anthocyanins are effective for a variety of health conditions including neurological damage, atherosclerosis, diabetes, as well as visual impairment.
As a result of anthocyanins providing bright colouration to flowers, the plants containing these phytochemicals are naturally successful in attracting pollinators such as birds and bees.
The fruits and vegetables produced by such plants are also brightly pigmented attracting animals to eat them and disperse the seeds.
The aviators consumed this anthocyanin-rich food due to its many visual benefits, included accelerated dark adaptation, which would be valuable for night bombing missions.
The ingestion of any of these food sources will yield a variety of phytochemicals in addition to anthocyanins because they naturally exist together.
The daily intake of anthocyanins is estimated to be approximately 200 milligrams in the average adult; however, this value can reach several grams per day if an individual is consuming flavonoid supplements.
By having a diet rich in anthocyanins an individual is able to generate rhodopsin in shorter periods of time because of the increased affinity of opsin to retinal.
Through this mechanism an individual is able to accelerate dark adaptation and achieve night vision in a shorter period of time.
Despite the fact that many scientists believe anthocyanins to be beneficial in accelerating dark adaptation in humans, a study conducted by Kalt et al.
With light adaptation, the eye has to quickly adapt to the background illumination to be able to distinguish objects in this background.
In an increment threshold experiment, a test stimulus is presented on a background of a certain luminance, the stimulus is increased until the detection threshold is reached against the background.
The fovea is blind to dim light (due to its cone-only array) and the rods are more sensitive, so a dim star on a moonless night must be viewed from the side, so it stimulates the rods.
If detected early enough nyctalopia can be reversed and visual function can be regained; however; prolonged vitamin A deficiency can lead to permanent visual loss if left untreated.
Night blindness is especially prominent in developing countries due to malnutrition and therefore a lack of vitamin A in the diet.
In developed countries night blindness has historically been uncommon due to adequate food availability; however, the incidence is expected to increase as obesity becomes more common.
Muhammad Moin Khan (; born 23 September 1971) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former cricketer, primarily a wicketkeeper-batsman, who remained a member of the Pakistani national cricket team from 1990 to 2004.
Moin kept wickets in the 1992 Cricket World Cup which Pakistan won and the 1999 Cricket World Cup where Pakistan finished runners up.
Despite close rivalries, Moin is mostly remembered as the better player as their performance after the glove-work came onto how they batted.
Despite having a significantly similar Test batting average, Moin had a higher ODI average than Latif and scored more runs than Latif in international cricket.
Moreover, in all time Pakistani XI Latif picks as wicket-keeper and hence 69 test matches of Moin is a question mark in Rashid Latif tenure.
During the 1992 Cricket World Cup Semi-final against New Zealand, Pakistan needed 9 runs for 8 balls before Khan hit a six to make it 3 runs off 7 balls and then hit a boundary to help Pakistan set up a clash in the world cup final with England.
However, he took three catches in the match including one of Ian Botham, who went for a duck against an inswinger bowled by Wasim Akram.
In 2005, Moin scored the first century in Pakistan domestic Twenty20 cricket when he smashed 112 off 59 balls for Karachi Dolphins against Lahore Lions in the ABN-AMRO Twenty-20 Cup.
At the end of the season, he retired from cricket finishing with 200 not out against Hyderabad, his highest first-class score.
But in 2015, during the Cricket World Cup 2015 he was removed from the position after the teams poor performance during the World Cup.
Just before Heat came out and she knew—she was about to be a star, she had a nervous breakdown, and her physician told her parents that what she needed was a job.
Holding a Bible in one hand and a crucifix in the other, Feldman jumped from the fourteenth floor of 51 Fifth Avenue.
Then the mixture is stuffed into pork casings and separated into individual sausages measuring about ten to twelve centimeters in length and three to four centimeters in thickness.
The sausages are heated in water—well short of boiling—for about ten minutes, which will turn them greyish-white because no color-preserving nitrite is used in Weisswurst preparation.
As a result, his contract was sold by Sony to rival record companies Virgin Records and DreamWorks Records on 14 July 1995.
had already reached number one in Italy, Spain and Denmark in March 2002 and reached the top ten in the UK and top five in Australia.
While it reached the top five in Spain, Italy and Denmark, it failed to reach the top ten in the UK.
The video showed a cartoon version of Michael astride a nuclear missile in the Middle East and Tony and Cherie Blair in bed with President Bush.
In an interview with MTV, Michael said the song was primarily intended to highlight what he saw as a lack of consultation by Tony Blair about the decision of invading Iraq.
He's perfectly happy staying up to watch the World Cup and enjoying the Jubilee, all things I'm perfectly guilty of, but there's a serious discussion about Iraq, which hasn't taken place.
He told BBC Radio 1 on 10 March 2004 that music he put out in the future would be available for download with fans encouraged to make a donation to charity.
I'd like to have something on the Internet which is a charitable download site where anyone can download my music for free.
He stated that the decision would put less pressure to produce a new album every so often and allow him to have more of a private life.
Kyle Eugene McSlarrow (born June 29, 1960) is a former Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Energy and Congressional candidate.
From 2011 to 2017, he served as the head of Comcast's lobbying and government-affairs office, which included NBCUniversal lawyers and lobbyists.
Before moving to Capitol Hill in 1995, McSlarrow was an associate with the Washington, D.C. law firm of Hunton & Williams.
As a Captain in the U.S. Army, McSlarrow served in the Secretary of the Army's office as Assistant to the General Counsel of the Army from 1985 to 1989.
Before joining the Department of Energy, McSlarrow served as Vice President of Political and Government Affairs for Grassroots.com, a privately held Internet company which marketed web-based political tools and services.
McSlarrow also served as Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief Counsel for Senate Majority Leaders Bob Dole and Trent Lott between 1995 and 1997.
McSlarrow was the Republican nominee in Virginia's 8th Congressional District in 1992 and 1994, losing both times to incumbent Jim Moran.
He also was co-chairman of the U.S.-Russia Energy Working Group, a program started by George W. Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
McSlarrow was president & CEO of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association, a trade group representing the U.S. cable industry, from March 2005 to 2011.
Michael Brokoff was born as the oldest son of Jan Brokoff, also a sculptor, and apprenticed in his workshop at first.
Later he continued his education by Filip Ondřej Quitainer and possibly also Jan Oldřich Mayer, two distinct sculptors and carvers of the time.
He is said to surpass the work of his father by technical excellency although he never achieved the supreme style of his younger brother Ferdinand Brokoff, to whom he forwarded leading of the family workshop.
Contrary to his brother, his work is said to be less spatially verbose, the expression of the statues is concentrated into the mimics of the heads, with the gestures of the body somewhat tense.
Cyprus, an island in eastern Mediterranean, inhabited mostly by Greek (majority) and Turkish (minority) populations, was part of the Ottoman Empire until 4 June 1878, when in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, it was handed to the British empire.
The origins of Enosis date back to 1821, the year when the Greek War of Independence commenced, and the archbishop of Cyprus, his archdeacon, and three bishops were beheaded, amongst other atrocities.
In 1828, Count Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first governor of Greece, asked for the union of Cyprus with Greece, while small-scale uprisings also occurred.
In 1878, when British general Wolsely came to Cyprus to formally establish British rule, he was met by the archbishop of Kition who, after welcoming him, requested that Britain cede Cyprus to Greece.
Initially, the Greek Cypriots welcomed British rule because they were aware that the British had returned the Ionian Islands to Greece in 1864, and they were also hoping for British investment in Cyprus.
In 1912 the British government offered Greece to exchange Cyprus for a naval base in Argostoli, Kefalonia, in order to gain control of the Ionian sea, an offer which was repeated in 1913.
By 1915, the Greek Cypriots seeing that neither the British investment, nor Enosis, had materialised, increased their opposition to British rule.
But that was about to change as two groups of disappointed with the new ruler began to form: the Church and the Usurers.
In the following years a growing number of Cypriots were studying in Greece, and upon their return, they became strong advocates of Enosis.
On the other hand, the Turkish Cypriot community started to develop its own nationalism in the early 20th century, as news arrived in the island about the persecutions faced by Muslims in the countries that formed after the collapse of Ottoman Empire.
In the 1950s, EOKA was established with the specific aim of mounting a military campaign to end the status of Cyprus as a British crown colony and achieving the island's unification with Greece.
There was a widespread belief that leftists opposed national objectives and provided a certain support to the colonial regime contrary to other contemporary anticolonial insurgencies in Africa or Asia, which where led by marxists.
Grivas' goal was to subject the British to continued relentless harassment, making it clear to them that occupation carried a price, while keeping Enosis on the international diplomatic agenda.
The British response to the EOKA campaign was crucial in this regard: repression would on the one hand alienate the Greek Cypriot population from British rule, and on the other hand provide Makarios and the Greek government with a stick to beat the British with before the United Nations.
EOKA would ensure that there was a Cyprus problem and demonstrate to the world that the British could not resolve it.
He recruited from the Cyprus Farmers' Union (PEK) in the villages and from the two main youth movements, the Church-controlled Christian Youth Movement (OHEN) and the nationalist Pancyprian Youth Movement (PEON) in the towns.
The backbone of EOKA were the mountain groups, a conventional guerrilla force living in hidden camps in the forests, and the town groups, often continuing their civilian job or schooling.
Supporting this armed wing was the much broader National Front of Cyprus (EMAK), which provided EOKA with intelligence, supplies, weapons, medicines, recruits and safe houses, confronted the British on the streets with demonstrations and riots and conducted the propaganda offensive.
Most notable incidents were those of Nicosia by the group of Markos Drakos as well as the demolition of the Cyprus Broadcasting Station's transmitter.
Grivas decided to keep his involvement secret at the moment and used the name of a Byzantine general who had defended Cyprus in the medieval era.
The British, not expecting this turn of events, reinforced their local military bases (Dhekelia and Akrotiri) by transferring troops from Egypt.
A second offensive was launched on June 19 with coordinated bomb and grenade attacks against police stations, military installations and the homes of army officers and senior officials.
This second wave of EOKA attacks lasted until the end of June, totaling 204 attacks since the beginning of the insurgency.
The raising of the Greek flag during demonstrations usually led to clashes with the colonial authorities, the latter removing it by force if necessary.
Another major EOKA success was the escape from Kyrenia castle prison of 16 EOKA members including a number of key figures, such as Markos Drakos and Grigoris Afxentiou.
The situation seemed to be deteriorating out of control and the British authorities attempted to safeguard their position in Cyprus by diplomatic maneuvering and a counterinsurgency offensive.
Though they were unfounded they led to nationalist reactions in the country and the government-sponsored anti-Greek Istanbul pogrom of September 1955.. At the same time, during the London Trilateral Conference between Britain, Turkey and Greece, an agreement failed to materialize due to Turkish intransigence.
By the start of 1956, they had come to dominate the police force numbering 4,000 compared to less than 1,000 Greek Cypriots.
The British response was large-scale cordon and search operations which rarely resulted in arrests or the discovery of arms caches, but which invariably alienated those whose houses were searched or who were roughed up and dragged off to be screened.
Moreover, Harding viewed Cyprus very much as a pawn in the Cold War global situation: on December 13 he banned AKEL and detained 128 of its leading members, effectively crippling the only political party in Cyprus that opposed EOKA.
It was this popular support, enabling Grivas and his small band of guerrillas to take on the growing security apparatus that Harding was marshaling against him, that sustained the armed struggle.
It became clear that EOKA did have an effective intelligence apparatus and that the guerrillas were often forewarned of security intentions.
Schoolchildren, domestic servants, civilian personnel on the military bases, the police, all were enlisted by Grivas in the intelligence war while the security forces were operating in the dark.
Schoolboys were not only participating in riots and stone-throwing against the police, but some of them were also trained to throw bombs and carry assassinations.
By the end of February 1956 the British were involved in suppressing a veritable schoolchildren revolt that left one boy shot dead and the island's school system almost completely closed down.
This triggered a week long general strike followed by a dramatic increase in EOKA activity: 246 attacks until March 31 including an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Harding.
While Harding's forces were making ground up in the mountains, EOKA guerrillas and youth were trying to assassinate members of the security forces at their leisure time or alleged traitors.
House bombings and riots, mostly by schoolboys, forced army to keep forces away from the mountains where EOKA's main fighters where hiding.
Apart from individual citizens or soldiers in their leisure time, army and police facilities where attacked totaling 104 house bombings, 53 riots, 136 acts of Sabotage, 403 ambushes, 35 attacks on police, 38 attacks on soldiers and 43 raids on police stations.
Harding escalated his fight against EOKA organizing a series of operations in April-July Harding also upgraded his intelligence network including the creation of the notorious X-platoon.
However, they ended up with a disaster: at least 7 British soldiers were killed and additionally 21 were burned to death by accident.
On November 1956 due to the Suez Crisis large numbers of British troops were transferred off Cyprus allowing Grivas to launch a new offensive.
Although EOKA activity was severely suppressed in the mountains its armed struggle continued in the urban areas while the British forces were apparently impotent.
By Autumn, Grivas was increasing his autonomy from Greece and Makarios and was planning to attack the Left and the Turkish Cypriot community.
Detention of Persons Law, passed in 15th June 1955, gave the authority to the British authorities to enclose a suspect in a detention camp without a trial.
The situation of the inmates there was a matter of dispute International Committee of the Red Cross visited the camps twice and found no problems.. Harding declined the torture allegations, describing it as propaganda by EOKA.
Another aspect that Richter highlights is that many claims of torture were made as the alleged victims were afraid for their lives as it was punished by death to speak to the British.
David French on the other hand views that most - but not all- claims of torture were a propaganda tool of EOKA.
In general Harding failed to win over the Greek Cypriot population especially when his security forces resorted to this kind of measures.
Initially, EOKA was intimidating the population not to co-operate with the security forces, but steadily the definition of traitor broadened as the security forces had some successes EOKA at the end of 1956.
EOKA members who had spoken to the security forces under interrogation were also considered as traitors and Grivas was in favour of the death penalty in such case.
The later aimed at a political role in the Greek Cypriot community challenging EOKA's claim that Makarios was the sole leader of the community.
The British had deliberately set out to use the Turkish Cypriot community on the island and the Turks government as a means of blocking the demand for Enosis.
This had now got out of control as far as the British were concerned, but nevertheless they still managed to exploit the situation.
The truce against the collonial authorities lasted until the 28th of October 1957 (Ohi Day, Greek national holiday) when Harold Macmillan, British minister of foreign affairs, declined a proposal by Makarios.
Sir Hugh Foot arrived in Cyprus in December 1956, when it was obvious that a military victory for the British was not imminent.
Grivas at that time was planning a gradual escalation of EOKA's attacks on the British forces but in mid-December, he called for a truce to give space for negotiations to take place.
The truce broke on 4th March 1958 when a new wave of attacks was unleashed but this time, Grivas ordered his guerillas not to attack Turkish Cypriots to avoid intercommunal violence that could lead to partition.
The Turkish Cypriot community objected to Enosis long before the 1950s from fear that unification with Greece would lead to their persecution and expulsion, a fear based on the fate of Cretan Turks after Crete's union with Greece.
All of them were absorbed later by TMT (Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı/Turkish Resistance Organization) TMT was Turkey's tool to fuel intercommunal violence in order to show that partition was the only possible arrangement.
According to French, Grivas decided to attack Turkish Cypriots so as to spark intercommunal tensions and rioting in the towns of Cyprus, forcing the British to withdraw their troops from hunting EOKA up in the mountains and restore order in urban areas.
From 19 January 1957 to the end of March, EOKA's guerrillas attacked members of the Turkish community, starting with a Turkish Cypriot police officer, sparking riots lasting 3 days.
French counted 55 assassinations by Turks on Greeks, and 59 assassinations by Greeks on Turks between 7 June and 7 August.
A substantial number of Turkish Cypriots fled from the southern parts of Cyprus and moved to the northern side due to the violence .
As the security forces weren't able to achieve a definite win over EOKA, the British government was trying to reach a solution that wouldn't embarrass Britain the eyes of the voters.
Greeks rejected the plan as they saw it as an open door leading to partition and Grivas cancelled the truce on the September 7th.
But while the military force of EOKA was growing, Greek Cypriots were increasingly getting frustrated from the intercommunal violence and the struggle against the British.
Greek Cypriot side was afraid that partition was becoming more and more imminent, Greece was anxious that the ongoing situation could lead to a war with Turkey, Turkey had to manage the ongoing crises at its eastern borders and the British didn't want to see NATO destabilizing because of Greek-Turkish war.
On 5 December, foreign ministers of Greece and Turkey acknowledge the common dangers from the ongoing situation and a series of meetings were arranged, that resulted in London-Zürich Agreements a compromise solution in which Cyprus would become an independent and sovereign country.
Torture tactics employed by the British in Cyprus included use of beatings, public floggings, clean beatings, forced standing, ice, and drugs.
Jack Taylor, a British policeman who was sent to Cyprus in September 1956 revealed that there were beatings of prisoners, while British Brigadier Harbottle confirmed that the British Special Branch used torture.
These statements confirm the use of torture in Cyprus by the British, although how widespread and frequent the use of torture was remains unclear.
In the same papers, there are allegations against British soldiers and security personnel concerning the murder of a blind man, ordering a Greek Cypriot to dig his own grave, and hitting a pregnant woman who subsequently miscarried.
The legal action comes on the back of the uncovering of secret documents released in 2011 which present similar practices during the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya, during the same period.
The presiding judge dismissed arguments by the British government that the case should be judged under Cypriot law, which, if true, would have meant that the statute of limitations applied in the case.
There are various monuments dedicated to the members of EOKA who died during the years of combat who are largely regarded as war-time heroes by Greek-Cypriots.
After the 1415 conquest of the Aargau, the two parts of the village (Oberleibstadt and Unterleibstadt, separated by a creek) were ruled separately by various overlords.
The former was part of the Austrian district of Laufenburg, while the latter was part of the Swiss Confederation's district of Leuggern in the County of Baden.
A chronicle records that on 1 March 1499 men from Gansingen and Mettau attacked and burned most of the villages in the area, including Leibstadt.
Until 1816 Oberleibstadt belonged to the municipality of Leuggern and then formed its own political municipality (until 1832 it included Full-Reuenthal) within the Zurzach district.
It produces about 7.2 billion kWh of electricity per year and provides about three fifths of the jobs in the community.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings make up 2.3% of the total area while housing and buildings make up 5.2% and transportation infrastructure make up 5.6%.
Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas make up 5.2% of the area Out of the forested land, 32.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 29.7% is used for growing crops and 11.6% is pastures, while 2.3% is used for orchards or vine crops.
In there were 7 live births to Swiss citizens and 9 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 8 deaths of Swiss citizens and non-Swiss citizen deaths.
There were 17 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 11 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 was a decrease of 5 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 36 people.
The age distribution, , in Leibstadt is; 137 children or 10.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 176 teenagers or 13.3% are between 10 and 19.
142 people or 10.7% are between 30 and 39, 212 people or 16.0% are between 40 and 49, and 198 people or 14.9% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 136 people or 10.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 70 people or 5.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 56 people or 4.2% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 5 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
, there were 39 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 220 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 203 homes with 5 or more persons in the household.
Of these, 434 or about 64.9% of the residents worked outside Leibstadt while 479 people commuted into the municipality for work.
Of the school age population (), there are 96 students attending primary school, there are 115 students attending secondary school in the municipality.
In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Leibstadt was 24.1 per thousand residents.
During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 3.1 per thousand residents, which is only 31.3% of the national rate.
The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 4.7 per thousand residents which is similar to the national rate of 5.2 per thousand.
The term is applied more particularly to a story in which the actors or speakers are either various kinds of animals or are inanimate objects.
An apologue is distinguished from a fable in that there is always some moral sense present in the former, which there need not be in the latter.
The parable reaches heights to which the apologue cannot aspire, for the points in which animals and nature present analogies to man are principally those of his lower nature (hunger, desire, pain, fear, etc.
It finds its framework in the world of nature as it actually is, and not in any parody of it, and it exhibits real and not fanciful analogies.
The apologue seizes on that which humans have in common with other creatures, and the parable on that which we have in common with a greater existence.
Still, in spite of the difference of moral level, Martin Luther thought so highly of apologues as counselors of virtue that he edited and revised Aesop and wrote a characteristic preface to the volume.
The parable is always blunt and devoid of subtlety, and requires no interpretation; the apologue by nature necessitates at least some degree of reflection and thought to achieve understanding, and in this sense it demands more of the listener than the parable does.
The origin of the apologue is extremely ancient and comes from the Middle East and its surrounding area (Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt, etc.
Veiled truth was often necessary in the Middle East, particularly among the slaves, who dared not reveal their minds too openly.
La Fontaine in France; Gay and Dodsley in England; Gellert, Lessing and Hagedorn in Germany; Tomas de Iriarte in Spain, and Krylov in Russia, were leading later writers of apologues.
On the other hand, in the romances of Reynard the Fox we have medieval apologues arranged in cycles, and attaining epical dimensions.
La Motte, writing at a time when this species of literature was universally admired, attributes its popularity to the fact that it manages and flatters amour-propre by inculcating virtue in an amusing manner without seeming to dictate or insist.
This was the ordinary 18th-century view of the matter, but Rousseau contested the educational value of instruction given in this indirect form.
The Bolivian war of independence began in 1809 with the establishment of government juntas in Sucre and La Paz, after the Chuquisaca Revolution and La Paz revolution.
Buenos Aires sent three military campaigns to the Charcas, headed by Juan José Castelli, Manuel Belgrano and José Rondeau, but the royalists ultimately prevailed over each one.
After Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre defeated the royalists in northern South America, Sucre led a campaign that was to defeat the royalists in Charcas for good when the last royalist general, Pedro Antonio Olañeta, suffered death and defeat at the hands of his own defected forces at the battle of Tumusla.
It was originally placed directly under the rule of the Viceroyalty of Peru, however this location proved to be too distant for effective ruling so Phillip II established the Audiencia of Charcas, which was an autonomous governing body under the purview of the viceroy of Peru.
The Audiencia was centered in Chuquisaca, which started out as an indigenous community and later became known by its post-independence name, Sucre.
As Spanish settlements expanded to the south, the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Charcas grew to include not only present day Bolivia, but also Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and even parts of Peru.
In 1776, the Audiencia of Charcas was placed under the authority of the viceroy of Buenos Aires in the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and most trade was redirected to Buenos Aires.
This change was against Peruvian desires because they had wanted to keep Charcas for its enormous wealth in the mines of Potosí.
For the next few decades, the question of the political and economic ties with Charcas was constantly fought over by Peru and Río de la Plata.
On May 25, 1809 the citizens of Sucre participated in the first outbreak that was part of the initiation of the war of independence in Bolivia.
This system was implemented to increase revenue as well as to stop specific problems that had resulted from other authorities misusing their power.
In authority over all of these people were the Peninsulares, who were influential people who had come from Spain to assume a leadership position in the church or government, in one of the Spanish colonies.
The Criollos were envious of the power the Peninsulares held, and this attitude formed part of the basis for the War of Independence.
Finally, at the bottom of the hierarchy was the biggest social class, the indigenous people, who primarily spoke Aymara and Quechua.
Nevertheless, in the War of Independence they proved to be very unpredictable and would, at times, turn on the army at any provocation.
Although they would fight for whomever, these people favored the patriots because they were part native, whereas the other armies were of pure Spanish descent.
The real intention of the Indigenous people was to reestablish the Incan empire and so they wanted a form of government different from all three of the other groups.
These groups all contented for the Natives' assistance in order to win the war; however not one army ever thought of liberating these people.
This concept had begun to take root long before and already signs of discontent with current form of government were beginning to show.
The individuals in every class of the Bolivian population had become dissatisfied - the Criollos, the Mestizos, as well as the Indigenous people.
The indigenous wanted to do away with all the Spanish people and set up an Andean Utopia, whereas the Criollos simply desired more freedom from Spain.
He taught that if a ruler is cruel and tyrannical the people have a right to rebel and fight against their own government.
Finally Bernardo Monteagudo was a writer from a poor family but had an impact on the people through his whispering campaigns.
During the Peninsular War which took place in Spain, Charcas (today Bolivia) closely followed the reports that arrived describing the rapidly evolving political situation in Spain, which led the Peninsula to near anarchy.
The sense of uncertainty was heightened by the fact that news of the March 17 Mutiny of Aranjuez and the May 6, 1808 abdication of Ferdinand VII in favor of Joseph Bonaparte arrived within a month of each other, on August 21 and September 17, respectively.
In the confusion that followed, various juntas in Spain and Portuguese Princess Carlotta, sister of Ferdinand VII, in Brazil claimed authority over the Americas.
On November 11, the representative of the Junta of Seville, José Manuel de Goyeneche, arrived in Chuquisaca, after stopping in Buenos Aires, with instructions to secure Charcas' recognition of authority of the Seville Junta.
He also brought with him a letter from Princess Carlotta requesting the recognition of her right to rule in her brother's absence.
Over the next few weeks García León and Moxó became convinced that recognizing Carlotta might be the best way to preserve the unity of the empire, but this was unpopular with the majority of Charcasvians and the Audiencia.
The Audiencia decided that the situation had become so anarchic both in Charcas and in the Peninsula, that Charcas needed to take the government into its own hands.
It removed García León de Pizarro from office and transformed itself into a junta, which ruled in Fernando's name, just as cities and provinces had done in Spain a year earlier.
A second junta was established in La Paz on July 16 by Criollos who took over the local barracks and deposed both the intendant and bishop of La Paz.
After Buenos Aires successfully established a junta in May 1810, Charcas came under the control of the Viceroyalty of Peru and managed to fight off several attempts to take over it militarily.
The Peninsulares had very divided opinions regarding which form of government was that best and what claims from Spain were actually true, thus they unconsciously left room for other groups to take the initiative for the future of Charcas.
The final group was made up of the Radicals who wanted an independent government, not to solely accomplish that end, but to bring about deeper social reforms.
The middle class Criollos as well as the Mestizos did not actively participate in expressing their opinions because they lacked leadership but were very attentive to all that was happening during the war.
From 1810 to 1824, the idea of independence was kept alive by six guerrilla bands that formed in the backcountry of Charcas.
This allowed them to create quasi-states which attracted varied followers, ranging from political exiles of the main urban centers to cattle rustlers and other fringe members of Criollo and Mestizo society.
Since Charcas was included in the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata the radicals were interested in freeing Charcas as well.
Castelli went from city to city in Charcas freeing the people from Royalist forces, but destroying the cities and mistreating its citizens in the process.
He finally arrived at the border of Viceroyalty of Lima and stopped and made a treaty with Goyeneche, yet he did not respect the treaty and kept expanding.
They were forced to bypass Oruro and other cities because the people there wanted revenge for the trouble they had caused.
Meanwhile, Simón Bolívar, who is considered by some to be the Napoleon of South America, and José de San Martín were endeavoring to free the surrounding territories in Latin America.
Charcas was then under the Viceroyalty of Lima and thus liberating Peru would lead to the liberation of Charcas as well.
Therefore, because of this strong conviction that as long as Spain controlled the seas they would have a foothold on the continent, he created a fleet led by Lord Cochrane, who had joined the Chilean service in 1819.
Although Bolívar and Martín met, they could not agree on the form of government that should be established for the liberated countries and so both went on their separate ways for the time being.
Martín returned to Peru, only to face the a revolution in Lima that had started because the men left behind were incapable of governing the country.
The fight for independence gained new impetus after the December 9, 1824, Battle of Ayacucho, in which a combined army of 5,700 Gran Colombian and Peruvian troops under the command of Antonio José de Sucre defeated the royalist army of 6,500 and captured its leader, José de la Serna.
Olañeta was rumored to have planned to surrender Charcas to Brazil in 1824 in order to keep the country under Spanish control.
Bolívar and San Martín both desired to make an agreement with Olañeta because he had helped them in the battle of Ayacucho.
Sucre, Bolívar's most successful general, did not trust Olañeta and so despite his plan to make peace, he started to occupy Charcas.
Bolívar assumed that Olañeta would take a long time deciding what to do and planned to travel to Charcas during that time.
Sucre invited the men of Charcas to join him and in January 1825, a large number of men from Olañeta's army deserted him and joined Sucre.
The reason for this statement was that La Paz was the first place people were murdered for the desire for independence and now, decades later, the last Royalist forces had been defeated.
The people even went as far as preparing a Roman chariot pulled by twelve maidens dressed in blue and white to pull Sucre into the heart of the city.
Some historians say that it is because the people were afraid Bolívar would be against the vote because Bolívar wanted Charcas to join Peru.
Bolívar was president for five months, during which time he reduced taxes, and reformed the land organization to aid the indigenous population.
However, this plan failed because without it, he was not able to support the Gran Colombian Army which stopped the Argentinians from invading Bolivia again.
From then on, local elites dominated the congress and although they supported Sucre's efforts, they chafed under the idea that a Gran Colombian army remained in the nation.
Santa Cruz had been a former royalist officer, served under José de San Martín after 1821 and then under Sucre in Ecuador, and had a short term as president of Peru from 1826 to 1827.
Spain, which betrayed Portugal in 1807 (its ally until then) to ally with France, saw himself betrayed by Napoleon, whom imprisoned the Spanish royal family and nominated his brother, José Bonaparte, as King of Spain, title unrecognized by the population which resisted the French occupation.
Thus, with the political vacuum created by the absence of its King, that is, by the absence of a central government, the Spanish Empire started to dismantle itself.
Immediately, the governor of Mato Grosso sent troops that were by his captaincy to the Alto Peru, blocking the advance of Bolivar and Sucre, and sent a letter to Dom Pedro, communicating him about the sending of troops and the solicitation of the authorities of Alto Peru (that later on would become Bolivia).
Besides, Bolivar and Sucre were quicker and sent representatives to the City of Rio de Janeiro, which came before the governor's letter.
In this way, when the Prince Regent received the letter he had already decided not to annex Alto Peru, rejecting the solicitation from the governors of the region and ordering that the troops were removed from there.
With this, Dom Pedro I left the region of Alto Peru (modern Bolivia) up to its own luck, what culminated with the invasion of the Bolivar and Sucre troops and the Bolivian independence from Spain.
Clearly at that moment, Dom Pedro I was more worried in defeating the resistance of the liberal Portuguese troops on Brazilian soil, guaranteeing Brazilian unity.
Mohammad Sami (; born 24 February 1981) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays all formats of the game as fast bowler.
Considered to be one of the fastest bowlers in Pakistan after Shoaib Akhtar and Waqar Younis, Sami was the first bowler in cricket to notch hat-tricks in all three formats of the game.
He played for the Lahore Badshahs, a team composed entirely of Pakistani cricketers, during the Indian Premier League's second Twenty20 tournament.
His participation in the league meant that he, like many other Pakistan players, he was banned from representing his country at both international level and domestic cricket in Pakistan.
He finished the season as the 2nd highest wicket-taker for his team and 4th overall in the tournament with 12 wickets in 7 matches.
In 2013, Sami was retained by the BPL team, Duronto Rajshahi to play as the main fast bowler, but cause of disagreements between PCB and BCB no Pakistani player (including Sami) was allowed to play in the BPL.
In October 2018, he was named in the squad for the Rajshahi Kings team, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League.
Sami, initially named as the modern Malcolm Marshall by Imran Khan, made his Test cricket debut against New Zealand in 2001 by taking 8 wickets for 106 runs in the match, including five wickets in the second innings.
During his third Test match he achieved a hat-trick against Sri Lanka and in 2002 he took his second hat-trick in his career, against the West Indies during a One Day International match.
This led to him becoming one of only a two bowlers in cricket (the other was Wasim Akram) to achieve this mark in both forms of the game.
On 1 December 2003, he achieved his best bowling figures in One Day International cricket by taking 5 wickets for 10 runs during a match.
Earlier in April during that year in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, he had taken 4 wickets for 25 runs against Kenya during the match.
Sami also earned the ignominy of bowling the longest over in One Day International cricket during the Asia Cup match against Bangladesh in 2004, when he bowled 17 balls in one over which consisted of seven wides and four no-balls.
He is also the only bowler in Test cricket history to have over 50 wickets and a bowling average of 50.
After losing form and failing to achieve success for the Pakistan cricket team, the Pakistan Cricket Board and its national selectors replaced Sami for the One Day International series against England with fast bowler Mohammad Asif, however he was recalled for the series against South Africa in January and February in 2007.
He was selected in the 15-man Pakistan squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup, although he was named as one of five reserves.
After teammates Shoaib Akhtar and Mohammad Asif were dropped from the World Cup squad, since neither of the two had been declared fit and they had not undergone official doping tests, Sami and Yasir Arafat were called up as replacements.
In 2009–2010, he was recalled back to the Pakistan team and on 3 January 2010, during Pakistan's Test match series against Australia, he played at the Sydney Cricket Ground in Australia and took 3 wickets for 27 runs in the first innings of the second Test match.
On 19 April he was selected in the Pakistan squad as a replacement for the injured fast bowler Umar Gul, in the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 cricket tournament to be held in the West Indies.
In May 2012 Sami received another recall and was announced in the squad that toured Sri Lanka in June 2012, because of his amazing performances in the Bangladesh premier league (which included a hat trick and a 5-wicket haul).
Following that, in the 1st ODI he bowled economically and with pace, which earned him a place in the 15-man squad to play the touring Australians and also the 2012 ICC World Twenty20.
Sami was selected for these international tours, but didn't get to play an official game (he got to play two warm up matches), as Pakistan made it to the semi-finals, but lost to Sri-lanka.
Sami has been included in Pakistan squad for the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 as a result of strong performances in the BPL, the PSL & the Asia Cup where he bowled accurately at more than 140 km/h on a consistent basis.
Sami is regarded as one of the fastest bowlers in world cricket and has the ability to swing the cricket ball at high pace.
He has unofficially bowled the fastest delivery in cricket when he clocked at 164 km/ph (101.9 mph) during a One Day International match.
However he has received support from former Pakistan captain Wasim Akram & Waqar Younis, who sees Sami's speed and wicket taking ability as an important skill for the Pakistan team.
Izola (; ) is an old fishing town and a municipality in southwestern Slovenia on the Adriatic coast of the Istrian peninsula.
An ancient Roman port and settlement known as Haliaetum stood to the southwest of the present town, next to the village of Jagodje, as early as the 2nd century BC.
It became definitely the territory of the Republic of Venice in 1267, and the centuries of Venetian rule left a strong and enduring mark on the region.
The Venetian part of the peninsula passed to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1797 with the Treaty of Campo Formio, until the period of Napoleonic rule from 1805 to 1813 when Istria became part of the Illyrian provinces of the Napoleonic Empire.
After this short period, during which Izola's walls were torn down and used to fill in the channel that separated the island from the mainland, the newly established Austrian Empire ruled Istria until November 1918.
The Italian-speaking population was the majority according to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1900: of 5,363 inhabitants, 5,326 spoke Italian, 20 Slovene, and 17 German.
In Izola's case, many Italian speakers chose to leave, and in their place Slovenian-speaking people from neighbouring villages settled in the town.
By mother tongue, the vast majority of the population are native speakers of Slovene (10,059), followed by Croatian (1,199), Italian (620), and other smaller minorities.
In addition to town of Izola, the municipality includes the villages of Baredi, Cetore (), Dobrava, Jagodje (), Korte (), Malija (), Nožed (), and Šared ().
It consists of the committee areas of Eildon, Cheviot and Teviot and Liddesdale (the former (1975—1996) local government districts of Roxburgh and Ettrick and Lauderdale) within the Scottish Borders council area.
Ptuj, the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman military fort.
Ptuj was located at a strategically important crossing of the Drava River, along a prehistoric trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic.
In 69 AD, Vespasian was elected Roman Emperor by the Danubian legions in Ptuj, and the first written mention of the city of Ptuj is from the same year.
The Caesar Constantinus Gallus was divested of his imperial robe and arrested in Poetovio before his subsequent execution in Pola (354) (Amm.Marc.
Between 874 and 890 Ptuj gradually came under the influence of the Archbishopric of Salzburg; city rights passed in 1376 began an economic upswing for the settlement.
Its population and importance began to decline in the 19th century, however, after the completion of the Vienna-Trieste route of the Austrian Southern Railway, as the line went through Marburg (Maribor) instead.
According to the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, 86% of the population of Pettau's Old Town was German-speaking, while the population of the surrounding villages predominantly spoke Slovenian.
After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, Pettau was included in the short-lived Republic of German Austria.
After the military intervention of the Slovenian general Rudolf Maister, the entire territory of Lower Styria was included into the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Yugoslavia).
During the interwar period, the number and the percentage of those identifying as Germans in the city, which was renamed Ptuj, decreased rapidly, although a relatively strong ethnic German minority remained.
Their homes were taken over by German speakers from South Tyrol and Gottschee County, who had themselves been evicted according to an agreement between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
Ptuj is the center place of a ten-day-long carnival in the spring, an ancient Slavic pagan rite of spring and fertility, called Kurentovanje or Korantovanje.
Kurent is believed to be the name of an ancient god of hedonism - the Slavic counterpart of the Greek god Priapos, although there are no written records.
Kurent or Korant is a figure dressed in sheep skin who go about the town wearing masks, a long red tongue, cow bells, and multi-colored ribbons on the head.
The Kurent(s) from Ptuj and the adjoining villages also wear feathers, while those from the Haloze and Lancova Vas wear horns.
Organized in groups, Kurents go through town, from house to house, making noise with their bells and wooden sticks, to symbolically scare off evil spirits and the winter.
It is a three-naved Gothic building from the 13th and early 14th century, but the structure incorporates parts of a much earlier structure, dating to the mid-9th century.
The Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-212) is a United States law which recognizes an embryo or fetus in utero as a legal victim, if they are injured or killed during the commission of any of over 60 listed federal crimes of violence.
The law is codified in two sections of the United States Code: Title 18, Chapter 1 (Crimes), §1841 (18 USC 1841) and Title 10, Chapter 22 (Uniform Code of Military Justice) §919a (Article 119a).
The law applies only to certain offenses over which the United States government has jurisdiction, including certain crimes committed on federal properties, against certain federal officials and employees, and by members of the military.
In addition, it covers certain crimes that are defined by statute as federal offenses wherever they occur, no matter who commits them, such as certain crimes of terrorism.
Because of principles of federalism embodied in the United States Constitution, federal criminal law does not apply to crimes prosecuted by the individual states.
However, the reticence of a federal law to authorize federal prosecution of a particular act committed under federal jurisdiction does not prevent states from passing their own laws against the act committed under their jurisdiction.
The bill contained the alternate title of Laci and Conner's Law after the California mother (Laci Peterson) and fetus (Conner Peterson) whose deaths were widely publicized during the later stages of the congressional debate on the bill in 2003 and 2004.
Prior to enactment of the federal law, the fetus in utero was, as a general rule, not recognized as a victim of federal crimes of violence.
1988), a case in which the child was born alive and died shortly afterwards; therefore there was no doubt that the decedent was once a living person under the law.
It was ultimately co-sponsored by 136 other members of the House before it passed by a vote of 254 in favor to 163 against on February 26, 2004.
At the signing ceremony, the President was joined on stage by men and women who had lost family members in two-victim crimes, including Laci Peterson's mother, Sharon Rocha.
However, the laws of 38 states also recognize the human fetus as the legal victim of homicide (and often, other violent crimes) during the entire period of prenatal development (27 states) or during part of the prenatal period (nine states).
Until such language becomes the basis for laws that specify penalties for abortion, the issue is not even before the court, of whether or not such language conflicts with Roe, and if so, which should be struck down.
The Ontario Party of Canada was a political party in Canada that was co-founded in September 2002 by George Burns and Bradley J. Harness of London, Ontario to promote the interests of the Province of Ontario within the Canadian confederation.
Burns, a former Liberal and past president of the London-North-Centre Canadian Alliance riding association, and Harness, a former Progressive Conservative and regional organizer of the London area Reform Party of Canada and future party leader of the Reform Party of Ontario, both promised that a successful Ontario party would force the federal government to be run by a coalition of regions.
Harness, as the interim deputy leader and chief party organizer, quickly worked on the principles and policy for the Ontario Party of Canada.
A founding workshop was held, a website was developed and the party applied to Elections Canada, the government elections agency, for party status.
In late 2003, Burns, the would-be defender of Ontario’s interests in Confederation, had moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, where he became active in the new Conservative Party of Canada.
The merger of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and the Canadian Alliance in late 2003 undermined the commitment of those who supported the Ontario Party.
Elections Canada reported on March 29, 2004 the party lost its eligibility to become registered because it failed to report a change of leader.
Harness, as party leader of the provincial Reform Party of Ontario from 2007 to 2014, would use many principles from the federal Ontario Party of Canada within the provincial political party, including sovereignty regionalization.
The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown.
On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution.
The territory of modern Argentina was part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, with its capital city in Buenos Aires, seat of government of the Spanish viceroy.
Modern Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia were also part of the viceroyalty, and began their push for autonomy during the conflict, becoming independent states afterwards.
Similarly, Mendoza in the west had closer ties with the Captaincy General of Chile, although the Andes mountain range was a natural barrier.
Buenos Aires and Montevideo, who had a local rivalry, located in the La Plata Basin, had naval communications allowing them to be more in contact with European ideas and economic advances than the inland populations.
In the political structure most authoritative positions were filled by people designated by the Spanish monarchy, most of them Spanish people from Europe, also known as peninsulares, without strong compromises for American problems or interests.
Although they were all considered Spanish, and that there was no legal distinctions between Criollos and Peninsulares, most Criollos thought that Peninsulares had undue influence in political matters.
The ideas of the American and French Revolutions, and the Age of Enlightenment, promoted desires of social change among the criollos.
The population of Buenos Aires was highly militarized during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata, part of the Anglo-Spanish War.
The viceroy Rafael de Sobremonte was successfully deposed by the criollos during the conflict, and the Regiment of Patricians became a highly influential force in local politics, even after the end of the British threat.
However, no military conflict took place, as when the Peninsular War started Britain and Portugal became allies of Spain against France.
When the Spanish king Ferdinand VII was captured, his sister Carlota Joaquina sought to rule in the Americas as regent, but nothing came out of it because of the lack of support from both the Spanish Americans and the British.
Javier de Elío created a Junta in Montevideo and Martín de Álzaga sought to make a similar move by organizing a mutiny in Buenos Aires, but the local military forces intervened and thwarted it.
Spain appointed a new viceroy, Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, and Liniers handed the government to him without resistance, despite the proposals of the military to reject him.
Several citizens thought that Cisneros, appointed by the disestablished Junta, did not have the right to rule anymore, and requested the convening of an open cabildo to discuss the fate of the local government.
The discussion ruled the removal of viceroy Cisneros and his replacement with a government junta, but the cabildo attempted to keep Cisneros in power by appointing him president of such junta.
The precise purpose of these deputies, join the Junta or create a congress, was unclear at the time and generated political disputes later.
Santiago de Liniers came out of his retirement in Córdoba and organized an army to capture Buenos Aires, Montevideo had naval supremacy over the city, and Vicente Nieto organized the actions at the Upper Peru.
Nieto proposed to José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, viceroy of the Viceroyalty of Peru at the North, to annex the Upper Peru to it.
Buenos Aires was declared a rogue city by the Council of Regency, which appointed Montevideo as capital of the viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and Francisco Javier de Elío the new viceroy.
Patriots supported the legitimacy of the Juntas in the Americas, whether royalists supported instead the Council of Regency; both ones acted on behalf of Ferdinand VII.
All of them believed that, according to the retroversion of the sovereignty to the people, in the absence of the rightful king sovereignty returned to the people, which would be capable to appoint their own leaders.
Royalists thought that it applied to the people on European Spain, who had the right to rule over all the Spanish empire.
José Gervasio Artigas would lead later a third perspective: the retroversion applied to all regions, which should remain united under a confederative system.
The three groups battled each others, but the disputes about the national organization of Argentina (either centralist or confederal) continued in Argentine Civil War, for many years after the end of the war of independence.
The Primera Junta sent military campaigns to the viceroyalty, in order to secure support to the new authorities and retain the authority held as the capital of the viceroyalty.
The victories and defeats of the military conflict delimited the areas of influence of the new United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.
With the non-aggression pact arranged with Paraguay early on, most of the initial conflict took place in the north, in Upper Peru, and in the east, in the Banda Oriental.
In the second half of the decade, with the capture of Montevideo and the stalemate in Upper Peru, the conflict moved to the west, to Chile.
The first two military campaigns ordered by the revolutionary Junta in Buenos Aires were launched against Cordoba, where former Viceroy Santiago de Liniers organized a counter-revolution, and the Intendency of Paraguay, which did not recognize the outcome of events at the May Revolution.
However, the improvised army gathered by Liniers at Cordoba deserted him before battle, so the former Viceroy attempted to flee to the Upper Peru, expecting to join the royalist army sent from the Viceroyalty of Peru to suffocate the revolution at Buenos Aires.
Colonel Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo, who led the patriot army, captured Liniers and the other leaders of the Cordoba counter-revolution on 6 August 1810, but, instead of executing them as he was instructed, he sent them back to Buenos Aires as prisoners.
After securing the loyalty of the northwestern Provinces to the May Revolution through elections of representatives to the Junta in Buenos Aires, Castelli sent General Antonio González Balcarce into the Upper Peru, but he was defeated at the battle of Cotagaita.
Castelli then sent him reinforcements, leading to the first patriotic victory at the battle of Suipacha, which gave Buenos Aires control over the Upper Peru.
Castelli then proposed to the Buenos Aires Junta to cross the Desaguadero River, taking the offensive into the Viceroyalty of Peru domains, but his proposal was rejected.
The other militia sent by Buenos Aires was commanded by Manuel Belgrano and made its way up the Paraná River towards the Intendency of Paraguay.
Thus, this campaign ended in failure as well from a military point of view; however, some months later, inspired on the Argentine example, Paraguay broke its links with the Spanish crown by declaring itself an independent nation.
The undesired outcomes of the Paraguay and Upper Peru campaigns led the Junta to be replaced by an executive Triumvirate in September 1811.
This new government decided to promote a new campaign to the Upper Peru with a reorganized Army of the North and appointed José de San Martín, a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars who had recently arrived from Spain, as lieutenant colonel.
Facing the overwhelming invasion of a royalist army led by General Pío de Tristán, Belgrano turned to scorched-earth tactics and ordered the evacuation of the people of Jujuy and Salta, and the burning of anything else left behind to prevent enemy forces from getting supplies or taking prisoners from those cities.
Turning against the Triumvirate orders, however, Belgrano decided to fight the royalists at Tucumán, obtaining a great victory and then decisively defeating the royalist army at the Battle of Salta, in northwestern Argentina, forcing the bulk of the royalist army to surrender their weapons.
Then again, the patriot army was defeated into the Upper Peru at the battles of Vilcapugio and Ayohuma and retreated to Jujuy.
In early 1812, the truce between Buenos Aires and Montevideo was over, and Manuel de Sarratea led an army to the Banda Oriental, but he was soon replaced by José Rondeau, who initiated a second siege of Montevideo.
The Spanish navy then sought to evade the land blockade by raiding nearby populations on the west bank of the Uruguay river.
The Battle of San Lorenzo ended further Spanish raids on the west bank of the Paraná river and the Triumvirate awarded San Martín the rank of general.
The Granaderos unit was instrumental in the Revolution of October 8, 1812 which deposed the government and installed a new Triumvirate, considered to be more committed to the cause of Independence.
The Assembly, however, first decided replace the Triumvirate with a new unipersonal Executive office, the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, and elected Gervasio Antonio de Posadas for that role.
One of the first actions of Posadas was to create a naval fleet from scratch, which was to be financed by Juan Larrea, and appointed William Brown as lieutenant colonel and chief commander of it, on March 1, 1814.
Against all the odds, on 14 May 1814 the improvised patriot navy engaged the Spanish fleet and defeated it three days later.
This action secured the port of Buenos Aires and allowed the fall of Montevideo, which could not stand the siege any more, on 20 June 1814.
The fall of Montevideo eliminated the royalist menace from the Banda Oriental and meant the actual end of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.
Soon afterwards, William Brown was awarded the rank of admiral, and Carlos María de Alvear, who was put in charge of the siege of Montevideo just a few days before the surrender of the city, succeeded his uncle Gervasio Posadas as the Supreme Director of the United Provinces, on January 11, 1815.
Alvear, however, was resisted by the troops, so he was quickly replaced, on April 21, by Ignacio Álvarez Thomas through a mutiny.
Álvarez Thomas then appointed Alvear as general of the Northern Army, in replacement of José Rondeau, but the officiality did not recognize this and remained loyal to Rondeau.
Furthermore, King Ferdinand VII was restored to the Spanish throne on 1815, so an urgent decision was needed regarding the political status of the United Provinces.
On July 9, 1816, an assembly of representatives of the Provinces (including three Upper Peru departments but excluding representatives from Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, Corrientes and the Banda Oriental, united into the Federal League) met at the Congress of Tucumán and declared the Independence of the United Provinces in South America from the Spanish Crown, with provisions for a national Constitution.
In 1814, General José de San Martín had taken command of the Army of the North to prepare a new invasion of the Upper Peru.
Instead, he developed a new strategy to attack the Viceroyalty of Perú through the Captaincy of Chile, inspired on the writings of Sir Thomas Maitland, who was quoted as saying that the only way to defeat the Spanish at Quito and Lima was attacking Chile first.
In early 1817, San Martín led the crossing of the Andes into Chile, obtaining a decisive victory at the battle of Chacabuco on February 17, 1817, and took Santiago de Chile, where he refused the offer of the governorship of Chile in favour of Bernardo O'Higgins (who became supreme director) because he did not wish to be diverted from his main objective, the capture of Lima.
In early 1818, Royalist reinforcements from the Viceroyalty of Peru arrived, commanded by general Mariano Osorio, and advanced towards the capital.
San Martín then turned to scorched earth tactics and ordered the evacuation of Concepción, which he thought was impossible to defend.
On March 18, 1818, Osorio led a surprise attack on the joint Argentine-Chilean army, which had to retreat to Santiago, with heavy losses.
Crippled after his defeat at Cancha Rayada, O'Higgins delegated the command of the troops entirely to San Martín in a meeting on the plains of Maipú.
Then, on April 5, 1818, San Martín inflicted a decisive defeat on Osorio in the Battle of Maipú, after which the depleted royalists retreated to Concepcion, never again to launch a major offensive against Santiago.
The Chile campaign is generally considered to be the conclusion of the Argentine War of Independence, as the further actions of the United Army into Peru were carried on under the authority of the Chilean government, not the United Provinces.
However, defensive actions continued to be carried on in the northern frontier of the United Provinces until the 1825 Battle of Ayacucho, which ended the royalist threat from the Upper Peru.
Blue Byte published the DOS version in Europe under its original title in May, but in North America, it was published in December by SSI as Serf City: Life is Feudal.
The game can be played in one of two modes; a series of fifty sequential missions against computer controlled opponents of increasing difficulty, or a free-game style mode, in which the player competes in individual games involving either computer-controlled opponents, human opponents, or a combination of both.
Wanting to create something unlike other titles available at the time, Wertich decided to focus on creating a game which could simulate a complex economic system, and which would feature gameplay built around a simulation of real-world supply and demand.
However, due to the complexities of writing a codebase which understood and could realistically duplicate such a system, as well as ensuring the computer could handle military and economic matters simultaneously, the game required over two years of development.
Wertich worked on the programming for a year, writing 70,000 lines of raw code, before any work began on the graphics.
Critics especially praised the complexity of the economic system and the interrelatedness of the various buildings, as well as the graphics and sound effects.
It was also a commercial success, selling over 400,000 units worldwide across both systems, considerably more than Blue Byte had anticipated.
The first is a series of thirty sequential missions where the player, either alone, or teaming with a second player, competes against computer controlled opponents of increasing difficulty.
The second is a free-game style mode, played on either a randomly generated map, or a pre-built map, based on data input by the player prior to commencing.
Games involving two human players are played in split screen, with the second player using a mouse on the same PC.
Two-player mode allows two players to either team up together to compete against one or two computer opponents, or compete against one another and up to two additional computer opponents.
Whether playing a mission or a free-game, each game begins the same way; the player is presented with part of the map, usually a green area on which it is easy to build, and must construct their castle/headquarters so as to begin their settlement.
As the player constructs buildings and thus requires settlers to occupy them, the settlers automatically emerge from the castle as needed.
As the settlement continues to grow in size, the castle's quota of settlers will eventually be reached, and the player will need to build a warehouse to generate more settlers.
At no point does the player directly control any individual settler - instead, general orders are issued (such as ordering the construction of a building), with the AI handling the delegation of orders to specific settlers.
An important game mechanic is the construction of a road network so as to allow for an efficient transportation system, as any settlers transporting goods must use roads.
To build a road, the player must place a flag, and then manually build the road using a series of on-screen prompts advising as to the best direction in which to build.
Flags can only be set a certain distance apart, and serve as transport hubs; a settler will carry an item to a flag and set it down, at which point the next settler along will pick up the item and continue, freeing the first settler to return and pick up another item at the previous flag.
The more flags the player has, the more settlers will operate on a given road, cutting down the distance each settler must travel, and reducing the time to transport one item and return for the next, thus avoiding item congestion at each flag.
When more than one item is placed at a flag, the game has an adjustable goods priority system, which determines the order in which items are transported.
Waterways can also be constructed over small bodies of water in the same manner as roads, although the settlers need boats to cross.
For example, the player can control the distribution of goods by selecting how much of a given resource is transported to a given building, under five separate headings; food, wood, iron, coal and wheat.
In a similar manner, the player can select what tools are made when; by increasing the significance of a particular tool, that tool will be produced before others.
For example, if the player has built a blacksmith, and the building is still empty despite idle settlers in the headquarters, a pliers will need to be manufactured in the toolsmith.
Knights are automatically created from the pool of existing settlers in the headquarters, with each individual soldier requiring a sword and shield.
Once knights are garrisoned, gold coins can be transported to the building to increase their morale, which allows them to fight more aggressively.
They can also be promoted through five ranks, receiving training in the castle, or when stationed in a building, although they rank up slower when stationed.
The player can also order lower ranked knights to leave military buildings and return to the castle, replacing them with higher ranked knights.
In order for the player to attack an enemy building, they must click on that building, and select the number of units they wish to use to carry out the attack.
If the player's units defeat all soldiers stationed in the building, they will occupy it, with the player's territory increasing according to the building's radius.
However, wanting to create something different, Wertich scrapped his initial concept and decided to focus on creating a game which could simulate a complex economic system, and which would feature gameplay built around a simulation of real-world supply and demand.
In most other titles, raw materials were made available without the player having to do much in the way of producing them.
However, for miners to be willing to work, they had to be fed, meaning the player would have to produce bread.
This could only be done if the player had built a grain farm to grow crops, which would be converted into flour, and a well, which would produce water to be mixed with the flour to make bread.
Wertich worked on the programming of the game for a year, writing 70,000 lines of raw code, before any work began on the graphics.
His biggest challenge was getting the computer to understand and accurately simulate supply and demand, which, once the necessary buildings have been constructed, is handled almost entirely outside the privy of the player.
The amount of possible on-screen action in the game depended on which model Amiga the player used, with the upper limit of settlers different on different machines.
An Amiga 500 was capable of supporting up to roughly 8,000 settlers, whilst an Amiga 1200 could support up to roughly 16,000, and, with additional RAM, up to roughly 64,000.
However, as any map capable of generating so many settlers must contain four races, the most settlers one player can ever control at any one time is 16,384.
Additionally, the game features twenty-five different roles that a settler can occupy, with each role resulting in a settler who looks different and is animated differently from settlers in the other twenty-four roles.
However, each individual settler's head is only 5x5 pixels, the space available for artist Christoph Werner to create twenty-five different looks.
Furthermore, when the player zooms in, workers can be seen at work inside buildings, and sound effects change depending on where in the settlement the player is currently situated.
The game's numbers are also important in open-game mode, where the player can create the world by inputting a 16-digit code, with each digit ranging from 0 to 9, allowing for roughly 270 billion combinations, hence 270 billion slightly different maps.
The only significant graphical difference between the Amiga version and the MS-DOS version was that whilst the Amiga version used Amiga Halfbrite mode, the DOS version was limited to 8-bit color.
He argued it was neither a god game nor a city-building game, but was instead a new type of game which combined ideas from other genres in a way never before seen.
His only criticism was the steep learning curve, arguing that on-screen labelling of the different buildings would have helped ease the player in.
Although he praised the economic system, the interrelatedness of the buildings, the graphics, and the interface, he was critical of both VGA and SVGA modes, arguing that VGA mode didn't give a wide enough view, and in SVGA mode, the menus and icons were too small.
Upon the success of the first game, Blue Byte began work immediately on a sequel, seeking out feedback from fans, and working to address anything they disliked or felt could be improved upon.
Subsequent games in the series have been released on MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Nintendo DS, iOS, webOS, bada, Symbian, Android, and online.
War broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships and revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliation for Russian participation in October 1827 in the Battle of Navarino.
At the start of hostilities the Russian army of 100,000 men was commanded by Emperor Nicholas I, while the Ottoman forces were commanded by Hussein Pasha.
In February 1829 the cautious Wittgenstein was replaced by the more energetic Hans Karl von Diebitsch, and the Tsar left the army for St Petersburg.
The Sultan sent a 40,000-strong contingent to the relief of Varna, which was defeated at the Battle of Kulevicha on 30 May.
Meanwhile, Ivan Paskevich advanced on the Caucasian front defeated the Turks at the Battle of Akhalzic and captured Kars on 23 June and Erzurum, in north-eastern Anatolia on 27 June, the 120th anniversary of the Poltava.
Paskevich’s main aims were to tie down as many Turkish troops as possible, to capture the Turkish forts on the Black Sea coast that supported the Circassians and might be used to land troops, and to push the border west to some desirable point.
Most of the Turkish side was held by the semi-independent Pasha of Akhaltsikhe and Muslim Georgian Beys who ruled the hills.
Since two-thirds of his troops were tied down holding the Caucasus and watching the Persians, he had only 15.000 men to fight the Turks.
1828, June: Kars: On 14 June he set out for Kars 40 miles southwest which was held by 11.000 men and 151 guns.
Kios Pasha of Erzerum was within an hour’s march of Kars, but when he heard the news he withdrew to Ardahan.
Under bombardment, the 1000-man garrison became demoralized and half of them tried to escape by letting themselves down the walls on ropes, but most were killed.
Instead of taking the main road which went southwest to Ardahan and then north, Paskevich and 8000 men marched three days through roadless country and reached Akhaltsikhe on 3 August.
After a day-long battle Kios, wounded, and 5.000 infantry fled to the fort and the remaining Turks scattered south to Ardahan.
The attack began at 4PM, the citizens defended themselves as best they could and by nightfall the town was on fire.
On 17 August Kios Pasha surrendered on the condition that he and 4000 men be allowed to withdraw with their arms and property.
On 21 February Akhmet Beg (Ahmet Bey) of Hulo and 15000 Lazes and Adjars occupied the town of Akhaltsikhe, slaughtered the Armenian part of the population, and besieged the fortress.
Further east on the road an advanced force (20000 under Haghki Pasha) held the Millidiuz (Meliduz) Pass over the Saganlug mountain.
Paskevich chose to take the inferior road to the north, place himself near Zevin between the two armies and attack Haghki Pasha from the rear.
On 27 June that great city, which had not seen Christian soldiers within its walls for five centuries, surrendered, due, it is said to the cowardice of its citizens.
1829: After Erzerum: From Erzerum the main road led northwest through Bayburt and Hart to Trebizond on the coast, a very formidable place that could only be taken with the fleet which was now busy on the Bulgarian coast.
He sent an army somewhere west and brought it back, went up the Trebizond road, saw that nothing could be accomplished in that direction, and returned to Erzerum.
The Treaty of Adrianople (1829) was signed on 2 September 1829, but it took a month for the news to reach Paskevich.
Russia kept the ports of Anapa and Poti, the border forts of Atskhur, Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe fort, but returned Ardahan and the Pashaliks of Kars, Bayazid and most of Akhaltsikhe Pashalik.
The Treaty of Adrianople on 14 September 1829 gave Russia most of the eastern shore of the Black Sea and the mouth of the Danube.
Regarding the Greek case, with the treaty of Andrianople, the Ottoman Sultan recognized finally the autonomy or independence of the Greeks.
The municipality consists of the districts Unter-Widdersheim, Ober-Widdersheim, Borsdorf, Harb, Bad-Salzhausen, Geiß-Nidda, Ulfa, Stornfels, Eichelsdorf, Ober-Schmitten, Unter-Schmitten, Kohden, Nidda, Michelnau, Fauerbach, Wallernhausen, Schwickartshausen, Unter-Lais and Ober-Lais.
Invited through a manifesto issued by Catherine the Great, several families from this region travelled to Russia in the late 18th century to settle in the Volga Region near Saratov.
An inertial platform, also known as a gyroscopic platform or stabilized platform, is a system using gyroscopes to maintain a platform in a fixed orientation in space despite the movement of the vehicle that it is attached to.
These can then be used to stabilize gunsights in tanks, anti-aircraft artillery on ships, and as the basis for older mechanically-based inertial navigation systems.
The satellite appears neutral (grey) in visible light (colour indices B-V=0.77, R-V=0.35), similar to Prospero but different from Sycorax (which is light red).
The Revised Version, Standard American Edition of the Bible, more commonly known as the American Standard Version (ASV), is a Bible translation into English that was completed in 1901, with the publication of the revision of the Old Testament; the revised New Testament had been released in 1900.
It was originally best known by its full name, but soon came to have other names, such as the American Revised Version, the American Standard Revision, the American Standard Revised Bible, and the American Standard Edition.
By the time its copyright was renewed in 1929, it had come to be known by its present name, the American Standard Version.
The American Standard Version, which was also known as The American Revision of 1901, is rooted in the work begun in 1870 to revise the Authorized Version/King James Bible of 1611.
The denominations represented on the American committee were the Baptist, Congregationalist, Dutch Reformed, Friends, Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal, and Unitarian.
This principle was backed up by an agreement that if their suggestions were put into the appendix of the RV, the American Committee would not publish their version for 15 years.
Also around this time, unauthorized copied editions of the RV appeared with the suggestions of the American team in the main text.
This was possible because while the RV in the UK was the subject of a Crown copyright as a product of the University Presses of Oxford and Cambridge, this protection did not extend to the U.S. and the text was never separately copyrighted there.
However, these suggestions were reduced in number (but it did incorporate all of those suggestions which were listed in the Appendixes, as can be verified by comparing the Appendixes with the main text of the 1898 edition).
The Revised Version of 1885 and the American Standard Version of 1901 are among the Bible versions authorized to be used in services of the Episcopal Church and the Church of England.
In 1928, the International Council of Religious Education (the body that later merged with the Federal Council of Churches to form the National Council of Churches) acquired the copyright from Nelson and renewed it the following year.
The copyright was a reaction to tampering with the text of the Revised Version by some U.S. publishers, as noted above.
By the time the ASV's copyright expired for the final time in 1957, interest in this translation had largely waned in the light of newer and more recent ones, and textual corruption hence never became the issue with the ASV that it had with the RV.
Because the language of the ASV intentionally retained the King James Version's Elizabethan English, was printed with comparatively lower quality materials, and because of what some perceived to be its excessive literalism, it never achieved wide popularity, and the King James Version would remain the primary translation for most American Protestant Christians until the publication of the Revised Standard Version in 1952.
Another reason was to use more of the suggestions the American team had preferred, since the British team used few of their suggestions in the first place, even in the later version which they had published incorporating some of them.
While many of the suggestions of the American scholars were based on the differences between American and British usage, many others were based on differences in scholarship and what the American revisers felt the best translation to be.
However, there are notably seven verses in the King James Bible where the divine name actually appears which are Genesis 22:14, Exodus 6:3, Exodus 17:15, Judges 6:24, Psalms 83:18, Isaiah 12:2 and Isaiah 26:4 plus as its abbreviated form, Jah, once in Psalms 68:4.
The English Revised Version (1881-1885, published with the Apocrypha in 1894) renders the Tetragrammaton as Jehovah where it appears in the King James Version, and another eight times in Exodus 6:2,6–8, Psalm 68:20, Isaiah 49:14, Jeremiah 16:21 and Habakkuk 3:19 plus as its abbreviated form, Jah, twice in Psalms 68:4 and Psalms 89:8.
Also, there was a perception that the ASV had improved the translation of some verses in the King James Version, and in other places it reduced the verses that they found to be erroneously translated in the KJV to mere footnotes, removed from the main text altogether.
Jehovah's Witnesses' publishing organization, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, had printed its own edition of the King James Version since 1926, but did not obtain the rights to print ASV until 1944.
In the pre-Roman era, the hills in the Piran area were inhabited by Illyrian Histri tribes who were farmers, hunters and fishermen.
The decline of the Roman Empire, from the 5th century AD onwards, and incursions by the Avars and Slavs at the end of the 6th century, prompted the Roman population to withdraw into easily defensible locations such as islands or peninsulas.
From 1283 to 1797, the town became part of the Republic of Venice, where it was governed in a semi-autonoumous way, with a council of local noblemen assisting the Venetian delegate.
from the Republic of Genoa) and pirate assaults were repelled during the late Middle Ages; a great pestilence hit the town in 1558, killing about two thirds of the population.
The last decades of Venetian rule were marked by decadence, due to the competition with the nearby Austrian port town of Trieste.
The town was annexed to the Austrian Empire in 1797; but during the years from 1806 to 1814, when it was ceded to the Napoleonic Empire.
On 22 February 1812, the Battle of Pirano was fought between a British and a French ship of the line in the vicinity of Piran.
The French naval authorities intended her to bolster French forces in the Adriatic, following a succession of defeats in the preceding year.
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Piran was an Austro-Hungarian town with over 12,000 inhabitants, larger than the nearby Koper.
With the defeat of the Axis powers and the rise of Tito's rule, Piran was assigned to the Free Territory of Trieste, Zone B, under Yugoslavian administration.
A significant part of Piran's population chose to emigrate to Italy or abroad in the final phase of the Istrian exodus, rather than stay in socialist Yugoslavia.
The territorial claims of Croatia and Slovenia in the Gulf of Piran remain an important matter of debate in the Croatia–Slovenia border disputes that began after the dissolution of Yugoslavia.
Venetian artist Antonio Dal Zotto was commissioned to create a larger-than-life bronze statue, which was mounted on its pedestal in 1896.
Piran is the seat of the Euro-Mediterranean University of Slovenia (EMUNI), founded in 2008 as one of the cultural projects of the .
Musical Evenings of Piran have taken place for decades in Greyfriars Franciscan monastery's atrium, one of the most beautiful cloister atriums in the Slovenian Littoral, which has good acoustics.
The municipality's festival is 15 October, which celebrates the foundation of the first Slovenian partisan naval detachment, named Koper, in 1944.
It borders Croatia to the south, and the municipalities of Izola and Koper to the east and faces Italy across the Gulf of Trieste and the Adriatic Sea.
To the east of the town, along the northern coastline (in the direction to Strunjan) there is a small tourist settlement named Fiesa.
There are 22 days a year with maximum temperatures of or higher; on one day a year the temperature does not exceed .
According to the Austrian language census of 1910, there were 7,379 inhabitants in the town proper, 95.97% Italians and 0.09% Slovenes.
In the surrounding countryside, included within the municipal limits, the population was mixed, both Italian and Slovene, with some villages (such as Sveti Peter and Padna) which were almost entirely Slovene, and others (such as Sečovlje and Seča) that were almost exclusively Italian-speaking.
After 1947, the ethnic composition changed radically due to the exodus of Italians to Italy and their replacement by Slovene settlers, both from other areas of Slovenian Istria and from interior areas of the country.
Piran was heavily influenced by the Venetian Republic and Austria-Hungary, therefore the monuments differ greatly from those in inner parts of Slovenia.
The Piran town walls were constructed to protect the town from Ottoman incursions; many parts of the town walls from different eras remain, and are of interest to tourists.
Nearby are located various important buildings, such as Tartini’s house, first mentioned in 1384 and one of the oldest in town, the Municipal Palace, Loggia and Benečanka, among others.
On the hill above the town is the biggest and most important church, the Church of Saint George, with a Franciscan monastery nearby.
The town is connected with Koper, Izola, Portorož (the location of the airport), Sečovlje and Lucija by a cheap bus line.
The First Schleswig War () or Three Years' War () was the first round of military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
As a result, the war ended in a Danish victory over the rebels and the signing of the London Protocol in 1852.
At the beginning of 1848, Denmark included the Duchy of Schleswig, and the king of Denmark ruled the duchies of Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg within the German Confederation.
Pan-German ideology had become highly influential in the decades prior to the wars, and writers such as Jacob Grimm (1785–1863) and the Norwegian Peter Andreas Munch (1810–1863) argued that the entire peninsula of Jutland had been populated by Germans before the arrival of the Danes and that therefore Germans could justifiably reclaim it.
Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae (1821–1885), an archaeologist who had excavated parts of the Danevirke, countered the pro-German claims, writing pamphlets which argued that there was no way of knowing the language of the earliest inhabitants of Danish territory, that Germans had more solid historical claims to large parts of France and England, and that Slavs by the same reasoning could annex parts of eastern Germany.
Danish nationalists believed that Schleswig, but not Holstein, should be a part of Denmark, as Schleswig contained a large number of Danes, whilst Holstein did not.
German nationalists believed that Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg should remain united, and their belief that Schleswig and Holstein should not be separated led to the two duchies being referred to as Schleswig-Holstein.
His only legitimate son, the future Frederick VII, seemed unable to beget heirs, thus the duchies appeared likely to pass to the rule of the House of Oldenburg, which might have resulted in a division of Denmark.
Accordingly, Christian VIII had decreed (8 July 1846) a change to the succession law in the duchies to allow succession through the female line.
The Schleswig-Holsteiners, being inspired from the successes of the French in the revolution in Paris of February 1848, sent a deputation to Copenhagen to demand the immediate recognition by King Frederick VII of a joint state of Schleswig-Holstein previous to its admittance into the German Confederation.
The fortress contained the main armoury of the duchies, and the 14th, 15th, and 16th Infantry Battalions, the 2nd Regiment of Artillery, as well as some military engineers.
When Noer's force arrived, they found that the gates to the fortress had been left open for an unknown reason and promptly walked in, surprising the would-be defenders.
After delivering a speech to the defenders, the prince secured the allegiance of the battalions and regiment of artillery to the provisional government.
Danish officers who had been serving in the defence of the fortress were allowed to leave for Denmark on the assurance that they did not fight against Schleswig-Holstein in the coming war.
Wishing to defeat Denmark before Prussian, Austrian, and German troops arrived to support them, 7,000 Schleswig-Holsteinish soldiers under General Krohn occupied Flensborg on 31 March.
Over 7,000 Danish soldiers landed east of the city, and Krohn, fearing he would be surrounded, ordered his forces to withdraw.
The Danes were able to reach the Schleswig-Holsteiners before they were able to retreat, and the subsequent Battle of Bov on 9 April was a Danish victory.
At the battle, the Prince of Noer, senior commander of the Schleswig-Holsteinish forces, did not arrive until two hours after fighting had started, and the Schleswig-Holsteiners were more prepared for the withdrawal they had intended to make than for an engagement.
The other European powers were united in opposing any dismemberment of Denmark, even Austria refusing to assist in enforcing the German view.
Swedish troops landed to assist the Danes; Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, speaking with authority as head of the senior Gottorp line, pointed out to King Frederick William IV of Prussia the risks of a collision.
Great Britain, though the Danes had rejected her mediation, threatened to send her fleet to assist in preserving the status quo.
The fact that Prussia had entered the war on behalf of the revolutionary forces in Schleswig-Holstein created a great number of ironies.
Indeed, Frederick William ordered Friedrich von Wrangel, commanding the army of the German Confederation, to withdraw his troops from the duchies; but the general refused, asserting that he was under the command of the Diet of the German Confederation and not of the King of Prussia but of the regent of Germany (Archduke John of Austria).
Prussia was now confronted on the one side by the German nation urging her clamorously to action, on the other side by the European powers threatening dire consequences should she persist.
After painful hesitation, Frederick William chose what seemed the lesser of two evils, and, on 26 August, Prussia signed a convention at Malmö which yielded to practically all the Danish demands.
The Holstein estates appealed to the German diet, which hotly took up their cause, but it was soon clear that the central government had no means of enforcing its views.
In October, at a conference in London, Denmark suggested an arrangement on the basis of a separation of Schleswig from Holstein, which was about to become a member of a new German empire, with Schleswig having a separate constitution under the Danish crown.
As for Holstein, if the King of Denmark could not deal with the rebels there, he himself would intervene as he had done in Hungary.
Austria and Prussia were on the verge of war, and the sole hope of preventing Russia from entering such a war on the side of Austria lay in settling the Schleswig-Holstein question in a manner desirable to her.
The only alternative, an alliance with the hated Napoleon Bonaparte's nephew, Louis Napoleon, who was already dreaming of acquiring the Rhine frontier for France in return for his aid in establishing German sea-power by the ceding of the duchies, was abhorrent to Frederick William.
Accordingly, the duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief) and Holstein, and Lauenburg (sovereign states within the German Confederation) were joined by personal union with the King of Denmark.
For this purpose, the line of succession to the duchies was modified, because Frederick VII of Denmark remained childless and hence a change in dynasty was in order.
Further, it was affirmed that the duchies were to remain as independent entities, and that Schleswig would have no greater constitutional affinity to Denmark than Holstein.
Only fifteen years passed before the Second Schleswig War in 1864 resulted in the incorporation of both duchies into the German Confederation, and later, in 1871, into the German Empire.
Like the First Schleswig War (1848–52), it was fought for control of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, due to the succession disputes concerning them when the Danish king died without an heir acceptable to the German Confederation.
The war started after the passing of the November Constitution of 1863, which integrated the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom in violation of the London Protocol.
The war ended on 30 October 1864, with the Treaty of Vienna and Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig (except for the island of Ærø, which remained Danish), Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria.
At the same time, and partly as a consequence, the secessionist movement of the large German majority in Holstein and southern Schleswig was suppressed in the First Schleswig War (1848–51), when the Germans in both territories failed in their attempt to become a united, sovereign and independent state: At the time, the king of Denmark was also duke of the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig.
However, the movement continued throughout the 1850s and 1860s, as Denmark attempted to integrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom while liberal proponents of German unification expressed the wish to include the Danish-ruled duchies of Holstein and Schleswig in a Greater Germany.
Schleswig was a Danish fief and was linguistically mixed between German and Danish and North Frisian, partly due to German immigration over the centuries.
Before the middle ages, the people of Schleswig spoke Danish and Frisian, and as late as the 18th century many rural areas of southern Schleswig still spoke Danish.
In the early 19th century the northern and middle parts of Schleswig spoke Danish, but the language in the southern half had shifted to German.
German culture was dominant among the clergy and nobility; Danish had a lower social status and was spoken mainly by the rural population.
When liberal and egalitarian ideas spread and nationalist currents emerged about 1820, identification was mixed between Danish and German: The German elites in Schleswig wished to be a part of Germany, while the Danes wanted Schleswig to be more firmly integrated into Denmark proper.
Furthermore, there was a grievance about tolls charged by Denmark on ships passing through the Danish Straits between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea.
To avoid that expense, Prussia and Austria planned to construct the Kiel Canal, which could not be built as long as Denmark ruled Holstein.
The Germans of Holstein and Schleswig supported the House of Augustenburg, a cadet branch of the Danish royal family, but the average Dane considered them too German and preferred the rival Glücksburg branch with Prince Christian of Glücksburg as the new sovereign.
The peacy treaty that had ended the war in 1851 stipulated that the duchy of Schleswig should be treated the same as the duchy of Holstein regarding its relations with the Kingdom of Denmark.
However, during the revisions of the 1848 constitution in the late 1850s and early 1860s, Holstein refused to acknowledge the revision, creating a crisis in which the parliament in Copenhagen ratified the revision but Holstein did not.
In 1863, Frederick VII died, and the new Danish king ordered that the new constitution should apply to Schleswig and Denmark, but not to Holstein.
The German position was considerably more favorable than it had been thirteen years before, when Prussia had to give in due to the risk of military intervention by Britain, France and Russia on behalf of Denmark: France had colonial problems, not least with Britain.
Otto von Bismarck had neutralized Russia politically and succeeded in obtaining cooperation from Austria which underlined its great power status within the German union, while Britain was upset that Denmark had violated the London Protocol.
To understand the Danish resolve in this question one must understand that the Danes regarded Schleswig as an ancient core region of Denmark.
Before the Danes took possession of the area, around 500 AD, Schleswig was the home of the Angles, of which many migrated to Britain, where they later formed the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; the remaining Angles are believed to have assimilated with the Danes, indeed the Angles and the Danes seem to have had a very close relationship as attested by the shared sagas of the early English and Danes.
Thus, to suggest that the region did no longer fully belong to Denmark was seen as a great provocation to the Danes' ancestral claim to Schleswig.
The Germans, on the other hand, referred to medieval history: Already in 1326 and 1448, the Danish kings had accepted the almost complete independence of Schleswig from the Danish crown.
In short, the Danes considered Schleswig to be an integral part of Denmark and wished to make this clear by enacting a new constitution that excluded Holstein, while the Germans thought that Schleswig was inseparable from Holstein: If the Danish crown wished to treat the two Duchies differently, the only solution was, in their eyes, to get rid of Danish rule altogether.
After years of growing tension, the adoption of the Constitution of Denmark in 1848 had complicated matters further, as many Danes wished for the new liberal constitution to apply to all Danes, including those in Schleswig.
The constitutions of Holstein and Schleswig were dominated by the Estates system, giving more power to the most affluent members of society, with the result that both Schleswig and Holstein were politically dominated by a predominantly German class of landowners.
The three units were governed by one cabinet, comprising liberal Danish ministers, who urged economic and social reforms, and conservative ministers, who opposed political reform.
At the same time, liberal German politicians came to power in Schleswig and Holstein; their goal was to unify the two duchies, to gain independence from the Danish king and to join the German Confederation as a sovereign state.
In Germany, many people viewed the conflict of Schleswig as a war of liberation, while most Danes considered it a German aggression.
In Copenhagen, the Palace and most of the administration (unlike most liberal politicians) supported a strict adherence to the status quo.
The same applied to foreign powers, such as Great Britain, France and Russia, who would not accept a weakened Denmark in favour of Germany, nor a Prussia that had acquired Holstein with the important naval harbour of Kiel that controlled the entrance to the Baltic.
After Prussia had therefore been forced to withdraw its support from the insurgents in Schleswig and Holstein in 1851, the Danes were able to defeat the rebels in the First Schleswig War.
In 1858, the German Confederation deposed the 'union constitution' of the Danish monarchy concerning Holstein and Lauenburg, which were members of the Confederation.
As the heirless King Frederick VII grew older, Denmark's successive National-Liberal cabinets became increasingly focused on maintaining control of Schleswig following the king's demise.
The king died in 1863 at a particularly critical time; work on the November Constitution for the joint affairs of Denmark and Schleswig had just been completed, with the draft awaiting his signature.
In doing so, the king violated the London Protocol of 1852 and gave the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck a pretext for war.
This action caused outrage among the duchies' German population and a resolution was passed by the German Confederation at the initiative of Bismarck, calling for the occupation of Holstein by Confederate forces.
This order to retreat without combat caused adverse comment among some Danish private soldiers, but the military circumstances made it wise to shorten the frontier that needed to be defended.
Also, as the administrations of Holstein and Lauenburg were members of the German Confederation, not pulling back might have caused a severe political crisis and perhaps war with Great Britain, guarantor of the London Protocol.
This would deny the (assumed superior) invader the chance of forcing the defenders into a decisive battle, and give the defenders the opportunity to swiftly mass and counter-attack weak enemy positions, besieging forces, or divided forces by shifting weight by sea transport.
Unrealistic expectations of the potency of the Danish army and incompetence at the political level had overruled the command of the army's wishes to defend Jutland according to the above plan, and instead favoured a frontal defense of Jutland on or near the historical defense (and legendary border) line at the Danevirke, near the city of Schleswig in the south.
Hence resources had been put into the Danevirke line and not into the flank positions, which stayed akin to battlefield fortifications rather than modern fortifications capable of withstanding a modern bombardment.
The problem with the Danevirke line was that perhaps it was relatively strong against a frontal assault but leaned on bodies of water or marshes at both ends.
The first attempt to bypass the position failed near Missunde, but eventually the Germans appeared in force in the Danevirke's rear, compelling the Danish high command to order the line abandoned.
As this decision was taken in violation of direct orders from the Danish government and in opposition to public opinion in Denmark, General de Meza was relieved of his command and replaced by the more loyal General Gerlach.
This position did not bar the entrance to Jutland but only the tip of a peninsula jutting into the Baltic Sea.
There is little doubt that the command of the army did not believe that they could successfully repulse a well-prepared German siege and consequent assault on the Dybbøl position, and assumed that the political level would let the army be evacuated by sea and then fight the war on the principles of the north-south axis strategy.
But the political level did not appreciate the gravity of the situation, insisting on maintaining military presence in Schleswig and at the same time refused more modest German demands of peace.
The only railways in 1864 in Denmark north of the Kongeå were a line in Sjælland from Copenhagen to Korsør, and one in northern Jutland from Århus to the northwest.
Any reinforcements for the Danevirke from Copenhagen would have gone by rail to Korsør and thence by ship to Flensburg, taking two or three days, if not hindered by storm or sea-ice.
Schleswig city, Flensburg, Sønderborg, and Dybbøl were all connected by a road paved with crushed rock, this being the route the army took.
The same road continued from Flensburg to Fredericia and Århus and this was the route later taken by the Prussian army when it invaded Jutland.
In response, on 24 December 1863, Saxon and Hanoverian troops marched into Holstein on behalf of the Confederation (as part as the federal execution (Bundesexekution) against Holstein).
Supported by the German soldiers and by loyal Holsteiners, Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein took control of the government of Holstein.
In January the situation remained tense but without fighting; Danish forces controlled the north bank of the Eider River and German forces the south bank.
All the inland waters (Eider River, Treene, Schlei, and the marshes east of Husum and around the Rheider Au) that the Danes were relying on as defence to guard the flanks of the Dannevirke, were frozen hard and could be crossed easily.
The decision not to settle for the occupation of the German Duchy of Holstein, but to invade Schleswig, was taken by the Prussian and Austrian governments alone.
The other members of the German Confederation did not agree, and it was even discussed to declare war on the two great powers.
On 14 January 1864, Austria and Prussia declared to take action against Denmark without regard to decisions of the German Confederation.
On 16 January 1864, Bismarck issued an ultimatum to Denmark demanding that the November Constitution should be abolished within 48 hours.
The 8th Brigade consisted of the 9th and 20th Regiments (approximately 1,600 soldiers each), mainly soldiers from the middle and west and north of Jutland.
Prussian and Austrian troops crossed into Schleswig on 1 February 1864 against the resistance of the Federal Assembly of the German Confederation, and war became inevitable.
The Austrians attacked towards the refortified Dannevirke frontally while the Prussian forces struck the Danish fortifications at Mysunde (on the Schlei coast of Schwansen east of Schleswig town), trying to bypass the Danevirke by crossing the frozen Schlei inlet, but in six hours could not take the Danish positions, and retreated.
On 5 February 1864, the Danish commander-in-chief, lieutenant general Christian Julius De Meza, abandoned the Dannevirke by night to avoid being surrounded and withdrew his army to Flensburg; 600 men were captured or killed, ten of them frozen to death; he was also forced to abandon important heavy artillery.
The railway from the south to Flensburg was never properly used during this evacuation and the Danish army only evacuated what men and horses could carry or pull by road, leaving behind much artillery, most importantly heavy artillery.
This withdrawal to Als and Dybbøl has gone down in Danish history as one of the worst experiences that Danish soldiers have been exposed to.
It was northwards in a north gale with driven snow, and most of the soldiers had had no rest for the last four days and nights:image.
Horses could not carry or pull their loads properly because of the snow and ice; riders had to dismount and lead their horses.
Some men in sight of Flensburg and thankful for the coming rest were ordered to stop or go back to man checkpoints.
Many men were missing at the roll call, and it was thought that the many Schleswig men among the soldiers would desert the march on the way and go home; but most of them came in that morning or the next morning.
Near Stolk-Helligbek, about 10 kilometers north of Schleswig, pursuing Austrians reached them, and in heavy fighting near Oversø, the 9th and 20th Regiments of the 8th Brigade lost 600 men dead, injured and captured.
In the Battle of Sankelmark (about eight kilometers south of Flensburg) pursuing Austrians caught up with the Danish rear party, which consisted of the 1st and 11th regiments.
After a short rest and some food and drink in Flensburg, the 8th Brigade had to march to Sønderborg, where they were taken by ship to Fredericia; the ship was so loaded that the men could not lie down, and on deck they had no shelter from the winter weather.
Other units stayed in Dybbøl; a report says that some were so exhausted on arrival that they lay on the ground in heaps three or four deep to sleep.
The loss of the Dannevirke without a fight, which in the 19th century played a big role in Danish national mythology due to its long history, caused a substantial psychological shock in Denmark and, as a result, de Meza had to resign from supreme command.
On 18 February 1864, some Prussian hussars, in the excitement of a cavalry skirmish, crossed the north frontier of Schleswig into Denmark proper and occupied the town of Kolding.
He urged upon Austria the necessity for a strong policy, to settle, comprehensively, the question of the duchies and the wider question of the German Confederation; Austria reluctantly consented to press the war.
On 22 February 1864, Prussian troops attacked the Danish forward line at Dybbøl, pushing them back to the main defence line.
The preliminaries of a peace treaty were signed on 1 August 1864: the King of Denmark renounced all his rights in the duchies in favour of the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia.
Denmark was also forced to surrender the enclaves in western Schleswig that were legally part of Denmark proper and not part of Schleswig, but was allowed to keep the island of Ærø (which had been administered as part of Schleswig), the town of Ribe and its surrounding land, and eight parishes from Tyrstrup Herred south of Kolding.
As a result of the peace settlement, the land area of the Danish monarchy decreased by 40% and the total population reduced from 2.6 million to 1.6 million (about 38.5%).
The Danish frontier had retreated about 250 km as measured from the furthest corner of the Duchy of Lauenburg to the new frontier on the Kongeå river.
When the Danish army returned to Copenhagen after this war, they received no cheering or other public acclaim, unlike on their victorious return after the First Schleswig War.
In the Prussian forces' first clash of arms since reorganization, their effectiveness proved clear, something the Austrians ignored to their cost 18 months later in the Austro-Prussian War, and contributed to a perception in the German states that Prussia was the only state that could defend the other German states against external aggression.
Following the loss, Christian IX went behind the backs of the Danish government to contact the Prussians, offering that the whole of Denmark could join the German confederation, if Denmark could stay united with Schleswig and Holstein.
This proposal was rejected by Bismarck, who feared that the ethnic strife in Schleswig between Danes and Germans would then stay unresolved.
The Peace of Prague in 1866 confirmed Denmark's cession of the two duchies, but promised a plebiscite to decide whether north Schleswig wished to return to Danish rule.
Danish forces were not involved in war outside their frontiers until the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
From a Danish perspective, perhaps the most grievous consequence of the defeat was that thousands of Danes living in the ceded lands were conscripted into the German army in World War I and suffered huge casualties on the Western Front.
This is still (but waning in time as the children of the conscripted men are dying out) a cause of resentment among many families in the southern parts of Jutland and the direct reason why a German offer of a joint centenary anniversary in 1966 was rejected.
After Germany's defeat in 1918, the Danish government asked the Allied Powers and the Versailles Conference of 1919 to include a plebiscite in the disputed Schleswig region based on Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points as part of the Allied Powers' peace settlement with Germany, and this request was granted by the Allies.
The book has been translated into many languages, including English, and is considered to be an example of an impressionist novel.
Masurians began to settle the region in the 16th century while it was part of the Duchy of Prussia, a fief of the Kingdom of Poland.
Located at a profitable location on the crossing of several trade routes near the Prussian border with Lithuania, Gołdap grew rapidly.
The deceased were replaced by Germans from Brandenburg, Pomerania, Magdeburg, Halberstadt, the Electorate of the Palatinate, and Nassau, as did Swiss and Lithuanians.
In the 18th and 19th centuries Goldap was a notable centre of commerce and production of various goods for the local market, as well as an important centre of grain production.
In year 1825, the county of Goldap (including the town) had 24911 inhabitants, including (by mother tongue): 17412 (~70%) German, 3940 (~16%) Polish and 3559 (~14%) Lithuanian.
During World War I Goldap was a scene of fierce fighting on the Eastern Front, which passed through the town twice.
The town was rebuilt, and soon after the war ended it reached a similar number of inhabitants it had had before.
During World War II Goldap was planned by the German staff as one of the strongholds guarding the rest of East Prussia from the Red Army on the Eastern Front.
As a result of heavy fighting for the city and the regions directly east of it, in August and September 1944, 90% of the town was yet again destroyed.
According to German war-time reports, about 50 civilians were murdered (some raped) by the Red Army on its initial entry into Goldap in October 1944.
However, in November 1944 the Wehrmacht reconquered Goldap and would be able to keep it until the end of December of the same year.
After the war, the town—together with the southern two-thirds of East Prussia—was placed under Polish administration according to the 1945 Potsdam Conference.
There are several small food production facilities (milk plant, industrial slaughterhouse, mill) located there, as well as a paper mill and a small tourist equipment works.
In addition, it is one of the centres of tourism, with many skiing, swimming, sailing and leisure centres located both in the town and around it.
She graduated from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island with a degree in history and moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where she began working the folk rock circuit.
In the early 1970s, James Truchard, Jeff Kodosky, and Bill Nowlin, were working at the University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories.
As part of a project conducting research for the U.S. Navy, the men were using early computer technology to collect and analyze data.
Frustrated with the inefficient data collection methods they were using, the three decided to create a product that would enable their task to be done more easily.
With a $10,000 loan from Interfirst Bank, the group bought a PDP-11/04 minicomputer and, for their first project, designed and built a GPIB interface for it.
Because the trio were still employed by the University of Texas, in 1977 they hired their first full-time employee, Kim Harrison-Hosen, who handled orders, billing, and customer inquiries.
By the end of the year they had sold three boards, and, to attract more business, the company produced and sent a mailer to 15,000 users of the PDP-11 minicomputer.
As sales increased, they were able to move into a real office space in 1978, occupying a office at 9513 Burnet Road in Austin, Texas.
In 1980 Truchard, Kodosky, and Nowlin quit their jobs to devote themselves full-time to National Instruments, and at the end of the year moved the company to a larger office, renting of office space.
To assist in generating revenue, the company undertook numerous special projects, working on a fuel-pump credit-card system and a waveform generator for U.S. Navy sonar acoustic testing.
Kodosky began a research initiative with the assistance of student researchers at the University of Texas into ways to exploit the new interface.
This led to the creation of NI's flagship product, the LabVIEW graphical development platform for the Macintosh computer, which was released in 1986.
As part of the company's decision to begin direct sales of its products, NI opened its first international branch, in Tokyo, Japan in 1987.
After growing their staff enough to take over almost the entire building they were renting, in 1990 NI moved to a new building at 6504 Bridge Point Parkway, which the company purchased in 1991.
Later that year, they introduced Signal Conditioning eXtensions for Instrumentation (SCXI) to expand the signal-processing capabilities of the PC, and, in 1992, LabVIEW was first released for Windows-based PCs and Unix workstations.
To further assist their customers, NI also created the National Instruments Alliance Partner program, attracting a worldwide selection of third-party developers, systems integrators, and consultants who could extend the capabilities of the NI hardware and software.
With LabVIEW now available to a much larger audience, in 1993 the company reached the milestone of $100 million in annual sales.
The following year an industrious employee began experiments with the relatively new World Wide Web and developed natinst.com, the company's very first web page.
Each of the buildings on the campus are lined with windows and feature an open floor plan, so that the employees seated in cubicles throughout the building are never far from the sun and views of northwest Austin.
With LabVIEW and the more advanced DAQ boards provided by the company, engineers could now replace expensive, fixed-function, vendor-defined instruments with a custom PC-based system that would acquire, analyze, and present data with added flexibility and a lower cost.
By 1996, the company had reached $200 million in annual sales, and was named to Forbes magazine's 200 Best Small Companies list.
Over the next several years, the engineers at NI continued to stretch the boundaries of virtual instrumentation, releasing machine vision software and hardware, which allow cameras to act as sensors, and motion control hardware and software.
NI also introduced the CompactPCI-based PXI, an open industry standard for modular measurement and automation, and NI TestStand, which provides for tracking high-volume manufacturing tests.
User traffic and e-commerce rapidly improved after the company acquired the ni.com domain and began investing in web technologies to better highlight their products.
The company quickly introduced online configuration tools to help customers decide which NI products would best interact to solve their problem, and introduced NI Developer Zone, which provides the end-user developers access to example programs, sample code, and development tips, as well as forums in which users and NI employees could help answer questions about the products.
In the 2000s, NI began exporting most of its manufacturing overseas by first opening its first international manufacturing plant in Debrecen, Hungary.
In 2002, the company dedicated the Building C on their Mopac campus, which became the headquarters for the company's R&D operations.
Upon completion of this building, the NI campus finally had enough capacity to move all Austin-based employees to a single location.
Following the company model of selling directly to customers, by 2006 NI had opened 21 sales offices in Europe and 12 offices in the Asia/Pacific region, as well as a multitude of offices in the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East.
The National Instruments Electronics Workbench Group is responsible for creating the electronic circuit design software NI Multisim and NI Ultiboard, which was previously a Canada-based company that first produced MultiSIM, and integrated ULTIboard with it.
Interactive Image Technologies was founded in 1995 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by Joe Koenig, and specialized in producing educational movies and documentaries.
In 1998 the company started a strategic partnership with another electronic design automation company named Ultimate Technology from Naarden, Netherlands who was the European market leader in printed circuit board design software, with their package ULTIboard.
Like Electronics Workbench, founder James Post had focused heavily on the educational market and gained PR fame when he organized the distribution of 180,000 demo floppy disks via electronics magazines in Europe.
Activities center on technical sessions on the company's products as well as the underlying technologies, presented both by NI employees and external presenters.
An exhibition hall allows selected industry integrators and suppliers to showcase their products, and various customers or university students also present papers on their work with NI tools.
Al-Qassam studied at Al-Azhar University in Egypt and afterward became an Islamic revivalist preacher in his hometown of Jableh in Syria during the last years of Ottoman rule.
Following his return, he became an active supporter of the Libyan resistance to Italian rule, raising funds and fighters to aid the Libyans and penning an anthem for them.
He would later lead his own group of rebels in alliance with Ibrahim Hananu to fight against French Mandatory forces in northern Syria in 1919–20.
Al-Qassam was born in Jableh, northwestern Syria, to father Abd al-Qadar, a Sharia court official during Ottoman rule and a local leader of the Qadariyya Sufi order.
Who he studied with is disputed by sources; some accounts say he studied under the Muslim reformist scholar Muhammad Abduh and came into contact with the prominent proto-Salafist, Rashid Rida, who himself studied under Abduh, while others are skeptical of al-Qassam's relationships with either.
However, the attitude al-Qassam later adopted toward the political issues in the Arab world suggests he was well-acquainted with the ideas Abduh and Rida espoused.
He developed amiable relations with the local Ottoman police who he would call upon to enforce Sharia law on rare cases of major violations.
Despite the support for Arab nationalism from some of his fellow alumni at al-Azhar and among Syrian notables, al-Qassam's loyalties most likely laid with the Ottoman Empire as his relationship with the authorities would indicate.
Following Italy's September 1911 invasion of Libya, al-Qassam began collecting funds in Jableh for the joint Ottoman-Libyan resistance movement and composed a victory anthem.
Jableh's district governor sought to gain control over the fundraiser and when locals nevertheless continued to send their donations to al-Qassam, he attempted to have him jailed.
The district governor alleged that al-Qassam was working against the Ottoman state, but an official investigation found him not guilty and the governor was consequently dismissed.
Accepting only volunteers with prior Ottoman military training, al-Qassam enlisted dozens of volunteers and set up a fund for the expedition to Libya as well as a small pension for the families of volunteers while they were abroad.
Intending to gain sea transportation from the Ottomans, al-Qassam's request was rejected by the authorities who ordered him and his men back to Jableh.
A new Ottoman government in Istanbul had gained power and shifted the state's focus to the Balkan front in October, abandoning the Libyan resistance.
He later enlisted in the Ottoman army when World War I broke out, where he received military training and was attached as a chaplain to a base near Damascus.
Returning to Jableh before the war's end, al-Qassam used funds from his planned expedition to Libya to organize a local defense force to fight the French occupation.
By 1919, French forces moved into the coastal area of northern Syria while Faisal I established the Kingdom of Syria in Damascus as an independent Arab state.
Consequently, al-Qassam and many of his disciples left Jableh for Mount Sahyun where he established a base near the village of Zanqufeh to launch guerrilla raids against the French Army.
Al-Qassam's militia grew when it was joined by another militia based in the mountains following the death of its commander Umar al-Bitar.
However, as the French tightened their control of the area, they were able to successfully pressure several of Jableh's major landowners to drop their financial support for al-Qassam and pay taxes to the French Mandate government.
There he and his fighters joined ranks with Ibrahim Hananu who was leading attacks against the French Army until the latter captured Jisr ash-Shugur in July.
As a result of this French victory and the impending capitulation of Aleppo, al-Qassam and members of his unit fled past French Army lines with forged passports to Tartus.
From Tartus, al-Qassam traveled to Beirut by boat and then to Haifa, then under the British Mandate, where his wife and daughters later joined him.
During the early 1920s, al-Qassam taught at the Madrasa Islamiya, an Islamic educational institution with many schools in Haifa and its periphery.
Unlike other Muslim scholars, al-Qassam made himself easily accessible to the public and often arrived late to teach his classes because he was frequently stopped by passersby for advice.
As part of his Islamic revivalist teaching, he denounced and discouraged some local Palestinian traditions, including unorthodox funeral rituals, mothers' visitation to the al-Khidr shrine near Mount Carmel to give thanks for their children's well-being or achievements and tribal dances around religious sites, as superstitious innovations to Islam.
Al-Qassam concentrated his activities on the lower classes, setting up a night school for casual laborers and preaching to them as an imam, first in the Jerini Mosque, and later in the Istiqlal Mosque.
His greatest following came from the landless ex-tenant farmers drifting into Haifa from the Upper Galilee where purchases of agricultural land by the Jewish National Fund and Hebrew labor policies excluding Arabs had dispossessed many of their traditional livelihoods.
In 1929 he was appointed the marriage registrar at the sharia court in Haifa by the Waqf authorities in Jerusalem, a role that allowed him to tour the northern villages, whose inhabitants he encouraged to set up agricultural cooperatives.
According to the American historian Edmund Burke, al-Qassam was:An individual deeply imbued with the Islamic social gospel and who was struck by the plight of Palestinian peasants and migrants.
Al-Qassam's pastoral concern was linked to his moral outrage as a Muslim at the ways in which the old implicit social compact was being violated in the circumstances of British mandatory Palestine.
This anger fueled a political radicalism that drove him eventually to take up arms and marks him off from the Palestinian notable politicians.
He also took advantage of his travels to deliver fiery political and religious sermons in which he encouraged villagers to organize resistance units to attack the British and Jews.
He intensified his agitation and obtained a fatwa from Shaykh Badr al-Din al-Taji al-Hasani, the Mufti of Damascus, which ruled that the struggle against the British and the Jews was permissible.
According to Israeli historian Shai Lachman, between 1921 and 1935 al-Qassam often cooperated with Hajj Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem.
While he focused his activism with the lower classes, his position in the YMMA afforded him access with the middle and educated classes of the city who were attracted to Hizb al-Istiqlal (Independence Party), an Arab nationalist political party.
In particular, he developed a strong relationship with leading local party member Rashid al-Hajj Ibrahim, the previous president of the Haifa YMMA.
A wide ideological gap between the secularist al-Istiqlal and al-Qassam was bridged by a convergence in the view that the struggle against Zionist expansion in Palestine was inseparable from active opposition to British rule.
While men from al-Istiqlal and the YMMA generally refrained from joining al-Qassam's cause, his association with them helped protect him from political figures who opposed his activism.
In 1930 or 1931, al-Qassam had recruited numerous hand-picked followers and organized them into about a dozen different circles, each group of supporters unaware of the existence of the other groups.
The majority of al-Qassam's circles were based in northern Palestine, but he had disciples throughout the country, including in Gaza in the south.
In contrast to traditional Palestinian leaders who campaigned against Zionist settlement while avoiding confrontation with the British authorities, al-Qassam saw it as a priority to fight against both.
He also saw the brewing conflict in Palestine as a religious struggle, unlike most Palestinian leaders who advocated a secular and nationalist response.
As such, fighters should provide for the needy, aid people with illness, maintain good ties with their families and pray regularly to God.
The moral component of al-Qassam's teachings were especially geared towards the young men of Haifa's labor slums who lived away from their families and who were exposed to activities considered immoral in Islam.
He viewed marriage as key to preventing the moral corruption of young men and managed to financially aid his more destitute supporters with their wedding expenses.
Although many of his followers had been illiterate, he taught them how to read and write using the Qur'an as their basis for learning.
Al-Qassam also asked his fighters to engage in the spiritual exercises practiced by the Qadiriyya Sufi order and to recite Sufi chants before battle.
One faction led by Abu Ibrahim al-Kabir argued for immediate attacks against British and Jewish targets, while the other faction, headed by al-Qassam, thought than an armed revolt was premature and risked exposing the group's preparations.
According to Subhi Yasin, a comrade of al-Qassam, the group's attacks in the north were executed by Abu Ibrahim's group in defiance of al-Qassam, though in 1969, Abu Ibrahim denied this allegation.
The Black Hand's ensuing campaign began with the ambush and killing of three members of Kibbutz Yagur on 11 April 1931, a failed bomb attack on outlying Jewish homes in Haifa in early 1932, and several operations that killed or wounded four members of northern Jewish settlements.
The campaign climaxed with the deaths of a Jewish father and son in Nahalal, from a bomb thrown into their home, on 22 December 1932.
By 1935, al-Qassam had recruited several hundred men—the figures range from 200 to 800—organized in cells of five men, and arranged military training for peasants.
Though striking a responsive chord among the rural poor and urban underclass, al-Qassam's movement deeply perturbed the Muslim urban elite as it threatened their political and patronage connections with the British Mandatory authorities.
Following the October 1935 discovery of a clandestine cache of arms in the port of Jaffa apparently originating from Belgium and destined for the Haganah, a Jewish paramilitary force, Palestinian Arab indignation broke out in two general strikes.
In this context, al-Qassam and twelve of his men decided to go underground and, leaving Haifa, took to the hills between Jenin and Nablus.
There they spent ten days on the move, during which they were fed by the residents of villages in the area.
Thousands forced their way past police lines at the funeral in Haifa, and the secular Arab nationalist parties invoked his memory as the symbol of resistance.
To the surprise of the Palestine Police Force, al-Qassam's funeral, which was held at the Jerini Mosque, attracted at least 3,000 mourners, mostly members of the peasant and working classes.
His coffin and those of his slain comrades were draped in the flags of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq, the only three independent Arab countries at the time.
Al-Qassam is buried at the Muslim cemetery at the former Palestinian village of Balad al-Sheikh, now Nesher, a Jewish suburb of Haifa.
(the Brothers of al-Qassam) under the leadership of Farhan al-Sa'di, al-Qassam's spiritual heir, shot and killed two Jewish passengers on a bus and shot 3 Jewish drivers, killing 2, in the 1936 Anabta shooting, acts that became major contributing factors in the start of the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine.
The first Israeli prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, compared the glory that al-Qassam's actions aroused in the 1930s to the fame won in Zionist discourse by Zionist activist Joseph Trumpeldor who died in a battle with Arab forces.
The military wing of the Palestinian Islamist armed movement Hamas, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, bears his name as does the Qassam rocket, a short-range rocket the group produces and uses.
Belgium has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 61 times since making its debut as one of the seven countries at the first contest in 1956.
Belgium have been absent only three times in total, in 1994, 1997 and 2001, due to low scores in the previous contests that relegated them from the contest.
Belgium's only other top three result came in , when the group Urban Trad finished second in Riga, losing out by only two points.
Since 2010, Belgium have become more successful, qualifying for the final in five out of nine contests and placing in the top 10 four times, with Tom Dice sixth (), Loïc Nottet fourth (), Laura Tesoro tenth (), and Blanche fourth ().
Belgium has two national broadcasters of the contest, Flemish broadcaster Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT) and French-speaking broadcaster Radio télévision belge de la communauté française (RTBF).
The two broadcasters rotate selection for the Eurovision Song Contest each year (currently starting with 2002, VRT in the even-numbered years and RTBF in the odd-numbered years; until 1993 BRT/BRTN in the odd-numbered years and RTB/RTBF in the even-numbered years).
While VRT normally hosts a national final, Eurosong, when selecting their entries for Eurovision, it has been normal for RTBF to hold an internal selection process (although it has been known for RTBF to hold a national final at times, for example in 1998, 2005 and 2011, while VRT internally chose Tom Dice for the 2010 edition and Sennek for the 2018 edition).
Following good results for Stella (fourth in ) and Jacques Zegers (fifth in ), Belgium finished last for the third time in .
Currently the minimum age for participation is 16 and thus Sandra Kim will remain the youngest winner unless the age limit is lowered.
By winning in 1986, Belgium became the last of the French-speaking countries to win the contest, as France, Luxembourg, Monaco and Switzerland all had won at least once before.
Belgium scored an absolute record at the time, with Sandra Kim earning a never seen before number of 176 points (that record remained until 1993, with Ireland scoring 187 points), an average of 9.26 points per voting nation.
Belgium finished last for the fourth time at the contest, before achieving its only top ten result of the decade at the contest in Birmingham, where Mélanie Cohl finished sixth.
Belgium finished last in the contest for the fifth and (as of 2018) final time at the contest in Stockholm, before achieving its best result of the 21st century in 2003, where Urban Trad sang in an invented language and earned second place with 165 points, losing out to Turkey's Sertab Erener by just two points.
In the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, Belgium participated in the first semi-final on 12 May 2009, however they received just one point which came from Armenia and left them in second-last position.
Tom Dice finished 1st in the first semi-final, allowing Belgium to participate to the final for the first time since the introduction of the semi-finals.
He eventually finished 6th (placing 2nd with the juries), Belgium's best result since 2003 and, along with 1959, the best result ever for a Flemish entrant (since all of Belgium's top 5 placings have been achieved by representatives of the French-language broadcaster RTBF).
Due to the good results and the Flemish population's choice, the VRT cancelled 'Eurosong' selection procedure and chose internally for 2012.
For the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, they choose 17-year-old singer Iris but decided to let the public choose what song she would sing to represent Belgium.
However, she didn't qualify after finishing 17th of 18 entrants in the first semi-final, scoring just 16 points which was the second lowest total of all the 36 semi-final entrants.
Axel Hirsoux won the national final, with more than 50 percent of the televotes and four times (out of 7 international juries) the maximum of 12 points from the international juries.
It was the best result for Belgium since 2003 and it was the highest number of points ever awarded to Belgium.
Eurosong 2016 would span over 3 shows, but only in the last show could people vote for the entry who would represent Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016.
On 17 January 2016 Laura Tesoro won Eurosong 2016 with her song What's the Pressure, co-written by Belgian singer Selah Sue.
Laura Tesoro performed last at the second semi-final on 12 May 2016, and qualified for the final by finishing in third place on 274 points.
The Walloon broadcaster RTBF announced on 22 November 2016 that Ellie Delvaux would represent Belgium in the 2017 contest under her stage name Blanche.
Competing in the first half of the first semi-final on 9 May 2017, Blanche qualified for the final on 13 May and performed in the second half of the show, finishing in fourth place.
The song competed in the first semi-final on 16 May 2019, but failed to qualify for the grand final for the second year in a row.
During the contest, Flemish broadcaster VRT announced that it already was searching a representative for the contest and that it already had contacted several artists.
The broadcaster also revealed that the selection would happen internally and that it would not bring its national final back in 2020.
Belgium is a federal country divided into two major linguistic regions: Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north and French-speaking Wallonia in the south, each region having its own broadcaster (VRT in Flanders and RTBF in Wallonia).
The broadcasters take turns to send the Belgian entry to Eurovision, with Flemish VRT being in charge on even years and French-speaking RTBF on odd years.
French-speaking RTBF is to thank for Belgium's only Eurovision win (in 1986), all of Belgium's ten top 5 placings, and 18 out of Belgium's 25 top 10 placings.
On the other hand, Flemish VRT has never won, never placed in the top 5, and has only placed in the top 10 seven times, while scoring 4 out of Belgium's 5 last places.
In the 90s, the relegation rule was introduced (the lowest-placed countries in the score table were not invited the following year, to accommodate for the growing number of participating countries) and Belgium was relegated 3 times (in 1994, 1997 and 2001): 2 times following a poor placing by a VRT-sent act the previous year, and once after RTBF act Nathalie Sorce placed last in 2000.
Since 2004 and the introduction of the semi-finals, the 2 broadcasters have scored similarly in terms of qualification: RTBF qualified 3 times out of 8 semi-finals, while VRT qualified 2 times out of 7 semi-finals and broke Belgium's 5 year non-qualification streak, with 2010 contestant Tom Dice qualifying Belgium for the first time.
Both broadcast the event and over the years VRT and RTBF commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Nand Baert, Jacques Mercier, Luc Appermont and Paule Herreman.
However, from the 1991 Contest, André Vermeulen has provided the Dutch language commentary every year, with the exception of the 1996 Contest.
Additionly since 1998 VRT has supplied a dual commentator to join André Vermeulen, between 1999 and 2010 Dual commentary was provided by Bart Peeters and Anja Daems.
Peeters provided the commentary during the years when VRT selected the entries whilst Daems commentated the years RTBF selected the entries.
A nonholonomic system in physics and mathematics is a system whose state depends on the path taken in order to achieve it.
Such a system is described by a set of parameters subject to differential constraints, such that when the system evolves along a path in its parameter space (the parameters varying continuously in values) but finally returns to the original set of parameter values at the start of the path, the system itself may not have returned to its original state.
Because the final state of the system depends on the intermediate values of its trajectory through parameter space, the system cannot be represented by a conservative potential function as can, for example, the inverse square law of the gravitational force.
This latter is an example of a holonomic system: path integrals in the system depend only upon the initial and final states of the system (positions in the potential), completely independent of the trajectory of transition between those states.
If the implicit dependency can be removed, for example by raising the dimension of the space, thereby adding at least one additional parameter, the system is not truly nonholonomic, but is simply incompletely modeled by the lower-dimensional space.
However, there is a very real and irreconcilable difference between physical systems that obey conservation principles and those that do not.
In the case of parallel transport on a sphere, the distinction is clear: a Riemannian manifold has a metric fundamentally distinct from that of a Euclidean space.
By raising the dimension, we can more clearly see the nature of the metric, but it is still fundamentally a two-dimensional space with parameters irretrievably entwined in dependency by the Riemannian metric.
In the third edition of his book for linear non-holonomic constraints of rigid bodies, he introduced the form with multipliers, which is now called the Lagrange equations of the second kind with multipliers.
Under certain linear constraints, he introduced on the left-hand side of the equations of motion a group of extra terms of the Lagrange-operator type.
In order for the above form to be nonholonomic, it is also required that the left hand side neither be a total differential nor be able to be converted into one, perhaps via an integrating factor.
It is not necessary for all non-holonomic constraints to take this form, in fact it may involve higher derivatives or inequalities.
In the local coordinate frame the pendulum is swinging in a vertical plane with a particular orientation with respect to geographic north at the outset of the path.
Even though the pendulum is stationary in the Earth frame, it is moving in a frame referred to the Sun and rotating in synchrony with the Earth's rate of revolution, so that the only apparent motion of the pendulum plane is that caused by the rotation of the Earth.
The Earth frame is well known to be non-inertial, a fact made perceivable by the apparent presence of centrifugal forces and Coriolis forces.
Motion along the line of latitude is parameterized by the passage of time, and the Foucault pendulum's plane of oscillation appears to rotate about the local vertical axis as time passes.
The anholonomy induced by a complete circuit of latitude is proportional to the solid angle subtended by that circle of latitude.
When a vertically polarized beam is introduced at one end, it emerges from the other end, still polarized in the vertical direction.
As such the result is a gradual rotation of the fiber about the fiber's axis as the fiber's centerline progresses along the helix.
When linearly polarized light is again introduced at one end, with the orientation of the polarization aligned with the stripe, it will, in general, emerge as linear polarized light aligned not with the stripe, but at some fixed angle to the stripe, dependent upon the length of the fiber, and the pitch and radius of the helix.
This system is also nonholonomic, for we can easily coil the fiber down in a second helix and align the ends, returning the light to its point of origin.
It is generally recognized as the world's first route, and it is currently still considered by many to be something of a benchmark for that grade, even though Güllich actually gave it a UIAA grade of XI, which converts to a French grade between 8c+ and 9a.
It is also famous for its style, involving long dynamic moves off single-finger pockets, and a dynamic start into a two finger pocket.
The first ascent (FA) was by Wolfgang Güllich in 1991, who climbed the route using a 16 move sequence and a more direct start with a dynamic jump into a two-finger pocket.
By the 9th century AD the strict rules about fasting in Western Christianity became more relaxed, following the lead of e.g.
In British English today, a collation is likewise a light meal, offered to guests when there is insufficient time for fuller entertainment.
Overalls were invented in the 1890s by Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis at Levi Strauss & Co., but they went through an evolution to reach their modern form.
The exact beginnings of the wearing of overalls are unclear, but they are mentioned in literature as early as 1776 as a protective working garment commonly worn by slaves.
In 1911, Harry David Lee made the first bib overalls, made of pants with pockets with a bib and straps over the shoulders.
The word is used in English for a similar garment to overalls worn for sailing, skiing, diving and other heavy duty activities.
They are made of wind-and-waterproof trousers, traditionally with a high waist reaching to the chest and held up by adjustable shoulder braces.
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay.
It particularly devastated Paraguay, which suffered catastrophic losses in population (the numbers are disputed and the true mortality rate may never be known), and it was forced to cede territory in dispute with Argentina and Brazil.
The war began in late 1864, as a result of a conflict between Paraguay and Brazil caused by the Uruguayan War.
After it lost in conventional warfare, Paraguay conducted a drawn-out guerrilla resistance, a disastrous strategy that resulted in the further destruction of the Paraguayan military and much of the civilian population through battle casualties, hunger and disease.
The guerrilla war lasted 14 months until President Francisco Solano López was killed in action by Brazilian forces in the Battle of Cerro Corá on 1 March 1870.
Since their independence from Portugal and Spain in the early 19th century, the Empire of Brazil and the Spanish-American countries of South America were troubled by territorial disputes.
Signed by Portugal and Spain in 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas proved ineffective in the following centuries as both colonial powers expanded their frontiers in South America and elsewhere.
By the early 1700s, the Treaty of Tordesillas was deemed all but useless and it was clear to both parties that a newer one had to be drawn based on realistic and feasible boundaries.
In 1750, the Treaty of Madrid separated the Portuguese and Spanish areas of South America in lines that mostly corresponded to present-day boundaries.
Neither Portugal nor Spain were satisfied with the results, and new treaties were signed in the following decades that either established new territorial lines or repealed them.
The final accord signed by both powers, the Treaty of Badajoz (1801), reaffirmed the validity of the previous Treaty of San Ildefonso (1777), which had derived from the older Treaty of Madrid.
The territorial disputes became worse when the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata collapsed in the early 1810s, leading to the rise of Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay.
In the case of Paraguay with her neighbor Brazil, the problem was to define whether the Apa or Branco rivers should represent their actual boundary, a persistent issue that had vexed and confused Spain and Portugal in the late 18th century.
The region between both rivers was populated only by some indigenous tribes that roamed the area attacking nearer Brazilian and Paraguayan settlements.
The traditional view emphasizes the policies of Paraguayan president Francisco Solano López, who used the Uruguayan War as a pretext to gain control of the Platine basin.
This caused a response from the regional hegemons Brazil and Argentina, who exercised influence over the much smaller republics of Uruguay and Paraguay.
Before the war Paraguay had experienced rapid economic and military growth as a result of its protectionist policies that had boosted the local industry (much to the detriment of British imports).
A strong military was developed because Paraguay's larger neighbors Argentina and Brazil had territorial claims against it and wanted to dominate it politically much like they did in Uruguay.
Paraguay had recurring boundary disputes and tariff issues with Argentina and Brazil for many years during the rule of Carlos Antonio López.
In the time since Brazil and Argentina had become independent, their struggle for hegemony in the Río de la Plata region had profoundly marked the diplomatic and political relations among the countries of the region.
While Argentina was ruled by Juan Manuel Rosas (1829–1852), a common enemy of both Brazil and Paraguay, Brazil contributed to the improvement of the fortifications and development of the Paraguayan army, sending officials and technical help to Asunción.
As no roads linked the inland province of Mato Grosso to Rio de Janeiro, Brazilian ships needed to travel through Paraguayan territory, going up the Paraguay River to arrive at Cuiabá.
However, Brazil had difficulty obtaining permission from the government in Asunción to freely use the Paraguay River for its shipping needs.
Brazil had carried out three political and military interventions in the politically unstable Uruguay: in 1851 against Manuel Oribe in order to fight Argentine influence in the country and to end the Great Siege of Montevideo; in 1855, at the request of the Uruguayan government and Venancio Flores, leader of the Colorado Party, which was traditionally supported by the Brazilian empire; and in 1864, against Atanasio Aguirre.
Paraguayan President López sent a note to the Argentine government on 6 September 1863, asking for an explanation, but Buenos Aires denied any involvement in Uruguay.
From that moment, mandatory military service was introduced in Paraguay; in February 1864, an additional 64,000 men were drafted into the army.
Uruguayan President Atanasio Aguirre, from the Blanco Party, rejected the Brazilian demands, presented his own demands and asked Paraguay for help.
Brazilian soldiers on the northern borders of Uruguay started to provide help to Flores' troops and harassed Uruguayan officers, while the Imperial Fleet pressed hard on Montevideo.
During the months of June–August 1864 a Cooperation Treaty was signed between Brazil and Argentina at Buenos Aires, for mutual assistance in the Plate Basin Crisis.
Brazilian Minister Saraiva sent an ultimatum to the Uruguayan government on 4 August 1864: either comply with the Brazilian demands, or the Brazilian army would retaliate.
On 12 October, despite the Paraguayan notes and ultimatums, Brazilian troops under the command of Gen. João Propício Mena Barreto invaded Uruguay, thus marking the beginning of the hostilities.
Paraguay would officially declare war on Brazil only on 13 December 1864, on the eve of the Paraguayan invasion on the Brazilian province of Mato Grosso.
However, public opinion quickly changed for the worse when newspapers began running stories painting the convention of 20 February as harmful to Brazilian interests, for which the cabinet was blamed.
A member of the opposition party, José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, was used as a scapegoat by the Emperor and the government and was recalled in disgrace to the imperial capital.
Not only had Paranhos managed to settle all Brazilian claims, but by preventing the death of thousands, he gained a willing and grateful Uruguayan ally instead of a dubious and resentful one, which provided Brazil with an important base of operations during the acute clash with Paraguay that shortly ensued.
Whoever controlled the rivers would win the war, so Paraguay had built fortifications on the banks of the lower end of the Paraguay River.
Military officers had no training or experience, and there was no command system, as all decisions were made personally by López.
Many of Brazil's 16,000 troops were located in its southern garrisons The Brazilian advantage, though, was in its navy, comprising 45 ships with 239 cannons and about 4,000 well-trained crew.
A great part of the squadron was already in the Rio de la Plata basin, where it had acted under the Marquis of Tamandaré in the intervention against Aguirre government.
Ultimately, a total of about 146,000 Brazilians fought in the war from 1864 to 1870, consisting of the 10,025 army soldiers stationed in Uruguayan territory in 1864, 2,047 that were in the province of Mato Grosso, 55,985 Fatherland Volunteers, 60,009 National Guardsmen, 8,570 ex-slaves who had been freed to be sent to war, and 9,177 navy personnel.
Paraguay took the initiative during the first phase of the war, launching the Mato Grosso Campaign by invading the Brazilian province of Mato Grosso on 14 December 1864, followed by an invasion of the Rio Grande do Sul province in the south in early 1865 and the Argentine Corrientes Province.
The Brazilian garrison of 154 men resisted for three days, under the command of Lt. Col. Hermenegildo de Albuquerque Porto Carrero (later Baron of Fort Coimbra).
On 29 December 1864, this detachment, led by Maj. Martín Urbieta, encountered tough resistance from Lt. Antonio João Ribeiro and his 16 men, who were all eventually killed.
The second Paraguayan column, formed from some of the 4,650 men led by Col. Francisco Isidoro Resquín at Concepcion, penetrated into Mato Grosso with 1500 troops.
Despite these victories, the Paraguayan forces did not continue to Cuiabá, the capital of the province, where Augusto Leverger had fortified the camp of Melgaço.
Their main objective was the capture of the gold and diamond mines, disrupting the flow of these materials into Brazil until 1869.
A column of 2,780 men led by Col. Manuel Pedro Drago left Uberaba in Minas Gerais in April 1865 and arrived at Coxim in December after a difficult march of more than through four provinces.
Col. Carlos de Morais Camisão assumed command of the column in January 1867—now with only 1,680 men—and decided to invade Paraguayan territory, which he penetrated as far as Laguna where Paraguayan cavalry forced the expedition to retreat.
Despite the efforts of Camisão's troops and the resistance in the region, which succeeded in liberating Corumbá in June 1867, a large portion of Mato Grosso remained under Paraguayan control.
The Brazilians withdrew from the area in April 1868, moving their troops to the main theatre of operations, in the south of Paraguay.
Solano López doubted Argentina's neutrality, because it gave Brazilian ships permission to navigate in the Argentine rivers of the Plate region, despite Paraguay being at war with Brazil.
In January 1865, Solano López asked Argentina's permission for an army of 20,000 men (led by Gen. Wenceslao Robles) to travel through the province of Corrientes.
Following the invasion of the Corrientes Province by Paraguay on 13 April 1865, a great uproar stirred in Buenos Aires as the public learned of Paraguay's declaration of war.
The same day Argentina declared war on Paraguay, but days before that, on 1 May 1865, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay had signed the secret Treaty of the Triple Alliance in Buenos Aires.
On 13 April 1865, a Paraguayan squadron sailed down the Paraná River and attacked two Argentine ships in the port of Corrientes.
Along with Robles' troops, a force of 12,000 soldiers under Col. Antonio de la Cruz Estigarriba crossed the Argentine border south of Encarnación in May 1865, driving for Rio Grande do Sul.
On 11 June 1865, the naval Battle of Riachuelo the Brazilian fleet commanded by Admiral Francisco Manoel Barroso da Silva destroyed the powerful Paraguayan navy and prevented the Paraguayans from permanently occupying Argentine territory.
For all practical purposes, this battle decided the outcome of the war in favor of the Triple Alliance; from that point onward, it controlled the waters of the Río de la Plata basin up to the entrance to Paraguay.
A separate Paraguayan division of 3,200 men that continued towards Uruguay under the command of Maj. Pedro Duarte, was defeated by Allied troops under Venancio Flores in the bloody Battle of Yatay on the banks of the Uruguay River near Paso de los Libres.
While Solano López ordered the retreat of the forces that had occupied Corrientes, the Paraguayan troops that invaded São Borja advanced, taking Itaqui and Uruguaiana.
The situation in Rio Grande do Sul was chaotic, and the local Brazilian military commanders were incapable of mounting effective resistance to the Paraguayans.
The baron of Porto Alegre set out for Uruguaiana, a small town in the province's west, where the Paraguayan army was besieged by a combined force of Brazilian, Argentine and Uruguayan units.
By late 1864, Paraguay had scored a series of victories in the war; on 11 June 1865, however, its naval defeat by Brazil on the Paraná River began to turn the tide.
The naval battle of the Riachuelo was a key point in the Paraguayan War, marking the beginning of the offensive of the Allies.
In subsequent months the Paraguayans were driven out of the cities of Corrientes and San Cosme, the only Argentine territory still in Paraguayan possession.
The Paraguayans scored small victories against major forces in the battles of Corrales and Itati, but that couldn't stop the invasion.
Yet, the Allied advance was checked in the first major battle of the war, at Estero Bellaco, on 2 May 1866.
López, believing that he could deal a fatal blow to the Allies, launched a major offensive with 25,000 men against 35,000 Allied soldiers at the Battle of Tuyutí on 24 May 1866, the bloodiest battle in Latin-American history.
Despite being very close to victory at Tuyuti, López's plan was shattered by the Allied army's fierce resistance, and the decisive action of the Brazilian artillery.
By 18 July, the Paraguayans had recovered, defeating forces commanded by Mitre and Flores in the Battle of Sauce and Boquerón, losing more than 2,000 men against the Allied 6,000 casualties.
No agreement was reached, though, since Mitre's conditions for signing the treaty were that every article of the secret Treaty of the Triple Alliance was to be carried out, a condition that Solano López refused.
Article 6 of the treaty made truce or peace with López nearly impossible, as it stipulated that the war was to continue until the then government ceased to be, which meant the removal of Solano López.
Trusting in their numerical superiority and the possibility of attacking the flank of the defensive line through the Paraguay River by using the Brazilian ships, the Allies made a frontal assault on the defensive line, supported by the flank fire of the battleships.
However, the Paraguayans, commanded by Gen. José E. Díaz, stood strong in their positions and set up for a defensive battle, inflicting tremendous damage on the Allied troops: over 8,000 casualties against no more than 250 losses of the Paraguayans.
The Battle of Curupayty resulted in an almost catastrophic defeat for the Allied forces, ending their offensive for ten months, until July 1867.
Porto Alegre and Tamandaré found common ground in their distaste for the Brazilian commander of the 1st corps, field marshal Polidoro Jordão, Viscount of Santa Teresa.
Gen. Polidoro was ostracized for supporting Mitre and for being a member of the Conservative Party, while Porto Alegre and Tamandaré were Progressives.
The Brazilian government decided to create a unified command over Brazilian forces operating in Paraguay, and turned to the 63-year-old Caxias as the new leader on 10 October 1866.
His first measure was to dismiss the Vice-Admiral Joaquim Marques Lisboa (later the Marquis of Tamandaré and also a member of the Progressive League), the government had appointed his fellow Conservative Vice-Admiral Joaquim José Inácio (later the Viscount of Inhaúma) to lead the navy.
During this period Caxias trained his soldiers, re-equipped the army with new guns, improved the quality of the officer corps, and upgraded the health corps and overall hygiene of the troops, putting an end to epidemics.
The 2nd corps was stationed in Tuyutí, while the 1st corps and the newly created 3rd corps were used by Caxias to encircle Humaitá.
With the capture on 2 November, by Brazilians troops, of the Paraguayan position of Tahí, at the shores of the river, Humaitá would become isolated from the rest of the country, by land.
Before dawn on 3 November, Solano López reacted by ordering the attack on the rearguard of the allies in the Second Battle of Tuyutí.
The Paraguayans, commanded by Gen. Bernardino Caballero breached the Argentine lines, causing enormous damage to the Allied camp and successfully capturing weapons and supplies, very needed by López for the war effort.
After the death of Argentinian Vice-President Marcos Paz, Mitre relinquished his position for the second, and final time on 14 January 1868.
Allied representatives in Buenos Aires abolished the position of Allied Commander-in-Chief on 3 October 1868, although the Marquess of Caxias continued to fill the role of Brazilian supreme commander.
On 19 February, Brazilian ironclads successfully made a passage up the Paraguay River under heavy fire, gaining full control of the river and isolating Humaitá from resupply by water.
There Solano López had concentrated 12,000 Paraguayans in a fortified line that exploited the terrain and supported the forts of Angostura and Itá-Ibaté.
He ordered the construction of a road in the swamps of the Gran Chaco along which the troops advanced to the northeast.
First, Caxias advanced being his troops ambushed while crossing the Itororó, where the Paraguayans inflicted severe damage to the Brazilian armies.
Weeks later, Caxias won another decisive victory at the Battle of Lomas Valentinas and captured the last stronghold of the Paraguayan Army in Angostura.
On 24 December, Caxias sent a note to Solano López asking for surrender, but Solano López refused and fled to Cerro León.
Alongside the Paraguayan president was the American Minister-Ambassador, Gen. Martin T. McMahon, who after the war became a fierce defender of López's cause.
Asunción was occupied on 1 January 1869, by Brazilian Gen. João de Souza da Fonseca Costa, father of the future Marshal Hermes da Fonseca.
Most of Caxias army settled in Asuncion, where also 4000 Argentinian and 200 Uruguayan troops soon arrived together with about 800 soldiers and officers of the Paraguayan Legion.
On 17 January, he fainted during a mass; he relinquished his command the next day, and the day after that left for Montevideo.
Very soon the city hosted about 30,000 Allied soldiers; for the next few months these looted almost every building, including diplomatic missions of European nations.
Pedro II sent his Foreign minister José Paranhos to Asuncion where he arrived on 20 February 1869, and began consultations with the local politicians.
Paranhos had to create a provisional government which could sign a peace accord and recognize the border claimed by Brazil between the two nations.
With Paraguay devastated, the power vacuum resulting from Solano López's overthrow was quickly filled by emerging domestic factions which Paranhos had to accommodate.
This was followed by negotiations between the Allied countries, which put aside some of the more controversial points of the Treaty of the Triple Alliance; on 11 June, agreement was reached with Paraguayan opposition figures that a three-man Provisional government would be established.
After the death of Lopez, the Provisional government issued a proclamation on 6 March 1870 in which it promised to support political liberties, to protect commerce and to promote immigration.
The remaining member, Antonio Rivarola, was then immediately relieved of his duties by the National Assembly, which established a provisional Presidency, to which it elected Facundo Machaín, who assumed his post that same day.
The son-in-law of the Emperor Pedro II, Luís Filipe Gastão de Orléans, Count d'Eu, was nominated in 1869 to direct the final phase of the military operations in Paraguay.
At the head of 21,000 men, Count d'Eu led the campaign against the Paraguayan resistance, the Campaign of the Mountain Range, which lasted over a year.
At the end of the war, with Paraguay suffering severe shortages of weapons and supplies, Solano López reacted with draconian attempts to keep order, ordering troops to kill any of their colleagues, including officers, who talked of surrender.
Paranoia prevailed in the army, and soldiers fought to the bitter end in a resistance movement, resulting in more destruction in the country.
Two detachments were sent in pursuit of Solano López, who was accompanied by 200 men in the forests in the north.
On 1 March 1870, the troops of Gen. José Antônio Correia da Câmara surprised the last Paraguayan camp in Cerro Corá.
Too weak to walk, he was escorted by his aide and a pair of officers, who led him to the banks of the Aquidaban-nigui River.
Later academic work based on demographics produced a wide range of estimates, from a possible low of 21,000 (7% of population) (Reber, 1988) to as high as 69% of the total prewar population (Whigham, Potthast, 1999).
After the war, an 1871 census recorded 221,079 inhabitants, of which 106,254 were women, 28,746 were men, and 86,079 were children (with no indication of sex or upper age limit).
One estimate places total Paraguayan losses — through both war and disease — as high as 1.2 million people, or 90% of its pre-war population, but modern scholarship has shown that this number depends on a population census of 1857 that was a government invention.
To establish the population before the war, Whigham used an 1846 census and calculated, based on a population growth rate of 1.7% to 2.5% annually (which was the standard rate at that time), that the immediately pre-war Paraguayan population in 1864 was approximately 420,000–450,000.
Based on a census carried out after the war ended, in 1870–1871, Whigham concluded that 150,000–160,000 Paraguayan people had survived, of whom only 28,000 were adult males.
In total, 60%–70% of the population died as a result of the war, leaving a woman/man ratio of 4 to 1 (as high as 20 to 1, in the most devastated areas).
Steven Pinker wrote that, assuming a death rate of over 60% of the Paraguayan population, this war was proportionally one of the most destructive in modern times for any nation state.
At the beginning of the conflict, most Brazilian soldiers came from the north and northeast regions; the change from a hot to a colder climate, combined with restricted food rations, may have weakened their resistance.
During the period just before the war began many Paraguayan women were the heads of their households, meaning they held a position of power and authority.
When the war began women started to venture out of the home becoming nurses, working with government, and establishing themselves into the public sphere.
The second stage begins when the war turned to a more guerrilla form; it starts when the capital of Paraguay fell and ended with the death of Paraguay's president Francisco Solano López.
They became a symbol for national unification, and at the end of the war, the traditions women maintained were part of what held the nation together.
A 2012 piece in The Economist argued that by killing most of Paraguay's men, the Paraguayan War distorted the sex ratio and impacted the sexual culture of Paraguay to this day.
A columnist linked this cultural idea to the paternity scandal of former president Fernando Lugo, who fathered multiple children while he was a supposedly celibate priest.
This marginalization was undercut by the fact that Paraguay had long prized its military as its only honorable and national institution and the majority of the Paraguayan military was indigenous and spoke Guarani.
However, during the war, the indigenous people of Paraguay came to occupy an even larger role in public life, especially after the Battle of Estero Bellaco.
In the immediate lead up to the war, they were confronted with a barrage of nationalist rhetoric (in Spanish and Guarani) and subject to loyalty oaths and exercises.
Paraguayan president Francisco Solano Lopez, son of Carlos Antonio Lopez, was well aware that the Guarani speaking people of Paraguay had a group identity independent of the Spanish-speaking Paraguayan elite.
To a certain extent, Lopez succeeded in getting the indigenous people to expand their communal identity to include all of Paraguay.
As a result of this, any attack on Paraguay was considered to be an attack on the Paraguayan nation, despite rhetoric from Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina saying otherwise.
This sentiment increased after the terms of the Treaty of the Triple Alliance were leaked, especially the clause stating that Paraguay would pay for all the damages incurred by the conflict.
The Brazilian monarchy originally allowed creole-only units or 'Zuavos' in the military at the outset of the war, following the insistence of Brazilian creole Ouirino Antonio do Espirito Santo.
Over the course of the war, the Zuavos became an increasingly attractive option for many enslaved non-creole Afro-Brazilian men, especially given the Zuavos’ negative opinion toward slavery.
Once the Zuavos had enlisted and/or forcibly recruited them, it became difficult for their masters to regain possession of them, since the government was desperate for soldiers.
By 1867, black-only units were no longer permitted, with the entire military being integrated just as it had been prior to the War of the Triple Alliance.
For most of these women, the principal reason they became vivandeiras was because their male loved ones had joined as soldiers and they wanted to take care of them.
Poor Afro-Brazilian women also served as nurses, with most of them being trained upon entry into the military to assist male doctors in the camps.
Paraguay permanently lost its claim to territories which, before the war, were in dispute between it and Brazil or Argentina, respectively.
In colonial times certain lands lying to the north of the River Apa were in dispute between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire.
After the war Brazil signed a separate Loizaga – Cotegipe Treaty of peace and borders with Paraguay on 9 January 1872, in which it obtained freedom of navigation on the Paraguay River.
After the Jesuits were expelled from Spanish territory in 1767 the ecclesiastical authorities of both Asunción and Buenos Aires made claim to religious jurisdiction in these lands and the Spanish government sometimes awarded it to one side, sometimes to the other; sometimes they split the difference.
After independence the Republic of Paraguay and the Argentine Confederation succeeded to these disputes, the details of which are complex, and are summarised in e.g.
On 19 July 1852 the governments of the Argentine Confederation and Paraguay signed a treaty, by which Paraguay relinquished its claim to the Misiones.
With some exceptions, these were paper claims, because none of those countries was in effective occupation of the area: essentially they were claims to be the true successor to the Spanish Empire, in an area never effectively occupied by Spain itself, and wherein Spain had no particular motive for prescribing internal boundaries.
First, in order to defend itself against Indian incursions, both in colonial times and after, the authorities in Asunción (Paraguay) had established some border fortlets on the west bank of the river Paraguay i.e.
By the same treaty of 19 July 1852 between Paraguay and the Argentine Confederation, an undefined area in the Chaco north of the Bermejo River was implicitly conceded to belong to Paraguay.
As already stated, the Argentine Congress refused to ratify this treaty; and it was protested by the government of Bolivia as inimical to its own claims.
The second exception was that in 1854 the government of Carlos Antonio López established a colony of French immigrants on the right bank of the River Paraguay at Nueva Burdeos; when it failed, it was renamed Villa Occidental.
After 1852, and more especially after the State of Buenos Aires rejoined the Argentine Confederation, Argentina's claim to the Chaco hardened; it claimed territory all the way up to the border with Bolivia.
The post-war border between Paraguay and Argentina was resolved through long negotiations, completed 3 February 1876 by signing the Machaín-Irigoyen Treaty.
There was destruction of the existing state, loss of neighboring territories and ruin of the Paraguayan economy, so that even decades later, it could not develop in the same way as its neighbors.
Paraguay is estimated to have lost up to 69% of its population, most of them due to illness, hunger and physical exhaustion, of which 90% were male, and also maintained a high debt of war with the allied countries that, not completely paid, ended up being pardoned in 1943 by the Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas.
A new pro-Brazil government was installed in Asunción in 1869, while Paraguay remained occupied by Brazilian forces until 1876, when Argentina formally recognized the independence of that country, guaranteeing its sovereignty and leaving it a buffer state between its larger neighbors.
However, the war caused a ruinous increase of public debt, which took decades to pay off, severely limiting the country's growth.
The war debt, alongside a long-lasting social crisis after the conflict, are regarded as crucial factors for the fall of the Empire and proclamation of the First Brazilian Republic.
During the war the Brazilian army took complete control of Paraguayan territory and occupied the country for six years after 1870.
In part this was to prevent the annexation of even more territory by Argentina, which had wanted to seize the entire Chaco region.
The economic depression and the strengthening of the army later played a large role in the deposition of the emperor Pedro II and the republican proclamation in 1889.
Brazil compensated owners who freed slaves for the purpose of fighting in the war, on the condition that the freedmen immediately enlist.
In areas near the conflict, slaves took advantage of wartime conditions to escape, and some fugitive slaves volunteered for the army.
But, the military also upheld owners' property rights, as it returned at least 36 fugitive slaves to owners who could satisfy its requirement for legal proof.
The national action contributed to the consolidation of the centralized government after revolutions were put down, and the growth in influence of Army leadership.
Interpretation of the causes of the war and its aftermath has been a controversial topic in the histories of participating countries, especially in Paraguay.
There it has been considered either a fearless struggle for the rights of a smaller nation against the aggression of more powerful neighbors, or a foolish attempt to fight an unwinnable war that almost destroyed the nation.
The same encyclopedia presents Francisco Solano López as a statesman who became a great military leader and organizer, dying heroically in battle.
People of Argentina have their own internal disputes over interpretations of the war: many Argentinians think the conflict was Mitre's war of conquest, and not a response to aggression.
They note that Mitre used the Argentine Navy to deny access to the Río de la Plata to Brazilian ships in early 1865, thus starting the war.
People in Argentina note that Solano López, mistakenly believing he would have Mitre's support, had seized the chance to attack Brazil at that time.
In December 1975, after presidents Ernesto Geisel and Alfredo Stroessner signed a treaty of friendship and co-operation in Asunción, the Brazilian government returned some of its spoils of war to Paraguay, but has kept others.
Brazil has had this on display at the former military garrison, now used as the National History Museum, and says that it is part of its history as well.
A popular belief in Paraguay, and Argentine revisionism since the 1960s, blames the influence of the British Empire (though the academic consensus shows little or no evidence for this theory).
In Brazil some have believed that the United Kingdom financed the allies against Paraguay, and that British imperialism was the catalyst for the war.
From 1863 to 1865 Brazil and the UK had an extended diplomatic crisis and, five months after the war started, cut off relations.
Right wing and even far-right wing historians, especially from Argentina and Paraguay, share the opinion that the British Empire had much to do with the war.
They note that, although the British economy and commercial interests benefited from the war, the UK government opposed it from the start.
William Doria (the UK Chargé d'Affaires in Paraguay who briefly acted for Thornton) joined French and Italian diplomats in condemning Argentina's President Bartolomé Mitre's involvement in Uruguay.
The war caused a sharp drop in harvesting of yerba mate in Paraguay, reportedly by as much as 95% between 1865 and 1867.
Much of the lost by Paraguay to Argentina and Brazil was rich in yerba mate, so by the end of the 19th century, Brazil became the leading producer of the crop.
Bindusara's life is not documented as well as the lives of these two emperors: much of the information about him comes from legendary accounts written several hundred years after his death.
The 16th century Tibetan Buddhist author Taranatha credits his administration with extensive territorial conquests in southern India, but some historians doubt the historical authenticity of this claim.
Most of the Buddhist legends about Ashoka's early life also appear to have been composed by Buddhist writers who lived several hundred years after Ashoka's death, and are of little historical value.
While these legends can be used to make several inferences about Bindusara's reign, they are not entirely reliable because of the close association between Ashoka and Buddhism.
Chandragupta had a marriage alliance with the Seleucids, which has led to speculation that Bindusara's mother might have been Greek or Macedonian.
The Greek writers Strabo and Athenaeus call him Allitrochades and Amitrochates respectively; these names are probably derived from the Sanskrit title.
Both accounts state that Chandragupta's minister Chanakya used to mix small doses of poison in the emperor's food to build his immunity against possible poisoning attempts.
When she was born, an astrologer predicted that one of her sons would be a king, and the other a religious man.
According to some historians, this implies conquest of Deccan by Bindusara, while others believe that this only refers to suppression of revolts.
Sailendra Nath Sen notes that the Mauryan empire already extended from the western sea (beside Saurashtra) to the eastern sea (beside Bengal) during Chandragupta's reign.
Based on this, Sen concludes that Bindusara did not extend the Mauryan empire, but managed to retain the territories he inherited from Chandragupta.
K. Krishna Reddy, on the other hand, argues that Ashoka's inscriptions would have boasted about his conquest of southern India, had he captured Deccan.
Alain Daniélou believes that Bindusara inherited an empire that included the Deccan region, and made no territorial additions to the empire.
Daniélou, however, believes that Bindusara brought the southern territories of the Cheras, the Cholas and the Satyaputras under nominal Mauryan control, although he could not overcome their armies.
It mentions a legend about Chanakya's death: Chanakya asked the emperor to appoint a man named Subandhu as one of his ministers.
As a result, Chanakya, who was already a very old man by this time, retired and decided to starve himself to death.
Antiochus replied that he would send the wine and the figs, but the Greek laws forbade him to sell a sophist.
A fragmentary inscription at Sanchi, in the ruins of the 3rd century BCE , perhaps refers to Bindusara, which might suggest his connection with the Buddhist order at Sanchi.
Some Buddhist texts mention that an Ajivika astrologer or priest at Bindusara's court prophesied the future greatness of the prince Ashoka.
Bindusara asked him to assess the ability of the princes to be the next emperor, as the two watched the princes play.
Pingalavatsa recognized Ashoka as the most suitable prince, but did not give a definitive answer to the Emperor, since Ashoka was not Bindusara's favourite son.
He had been born as a python during the period of Kassapa Buddha, and had become very wise after listening to the discussions of the bhikkhus.
Ashoka then sent a carriage to bring back Janasana, who was residing at an unnamed place far from the capital, Pataliputra.
Sailendra Nath Sen believes that he died around 273-272 BCE, and that his death was followed by a four-year struggle of succession, after which his son Ashoka became the emperor in 269-268 BCE.
All sources agree that Bindusara was succeeded by his son Ashoka, although they provide varying descriptions of the circumstances of this succession.
Therefore, he approached the 500 royal councillors, and suggested appointing Ashoka as the emperor after Bindusara's death, pointing out that the devatas had predicted his rise as the universal ruler.
When the Emperor was on his deathbed, the ministers suggested appointing Ashoka as the temporary emperor, and re-appointing Sushima as the emperor after his return from Takshashila.
In November 1917, upon the disintegration of the Russian Empire, a diet of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, the Estonian Provincial Assembly, which had been elected in the spring of that year, proclaimed itself the highest authority in Estonia.
A few months later, using the interval between the Red Army's retreat and the arrival of the Imperial German Army, the Salvation Committee of the Estonian National Council Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence in Tallinn on 24 February 1918 and formed the Estonian Provisional Government.
The German authorities recognized neither the provisional government nor its claim for Estonia's independence, counting them as a self-styled group usurping sovereign rights of the Baltic nobility.
After the German Revolution with the capitulation of Imperial Germany, between the 11 and 14 November 1918, the representatives of Germany formally handed over political power to the Estonian Provisional Government.
On 16 November the provisional government called for voluntary mobilization and began to organize the Estonian Army, with Konstantin Päts as Minister of War, Major General Andres Larka as the chief of staff, and Major General Aleksander Tõnisson as commander of the Estonian Army, initially consisting of one division.
On 28 November 1918, the 6th Red Rifle Division struck the border town of Narva, which marked the beginning of the Estonian War of Independence.
The town was defended by men of the Estonian Defence League (Home Guard) (consisting partly of secondary school students) and Infanterie-Regiment Nr.
The Soviet 2nd Novgorod Division opened a second front south of Lake Peipus, with 7,000 infantry, 12 field guns, 50 machine guns, two armored trains, and three armored vehicles.
Estonian military forces at the time consisted of 2,000 men with light weapons and about 14,500 poorly armed men in the Estonian Defence League.
Estonia's Baltic German minority provided a sizable troop of volunteer militia for the Battalion, which was one of the first fighting units of the Estonian Army, and maintained staunch loyalty to the authority of the Republic.
The 49th Red Latvian Rifle Regiment took the Valga railway junction on 18 December and the city of Tartu on Christmas Eve.
Also on Christmas Eve, the 6th Red Rifle Division captured the Tapa railway junction, advancing to within 34 kilometers of the nation's capital Tallinn.
By the end of the year, the 7th Red Army controlled Estonia along the front line 34 kilometers east of Tallinn, west from Tartu and south of Ainaži.
He reorganized the forces by setting up the 2nd Division in Southern Estonia under the command of Colonel Viktor Puskar, along with commando units, such as the Tartumaa Partisan Battalion and the Kalevi Malev Battalion.
A British Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear Admiral Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair arrived at Tallinn on 31 December and delivered 6,500 rifles, 200 machine guns, and two field guns.
By the beginning of 1919, the Estonian Army had increased its ranks to a total of 13,000 men, with 5,700 on the front-facing 8,000 Soviets.
The strengthened Estonian Army stopped the 7th Red Army's advance in its tracks between 2 and 5 January 1919 and went on the counter-offensive on 7 January.
In liberating Narva, a 1,000-strong Finnish-Estonian force landed at Utria to the rear of the Soviet 6th Rifle Division on 17 January.
In the Battle of Paju, the Tartumaa Partisan Battalion and the Finnish volunteers drove the Latvian Riflemen out of Valga on 31 January.
The 7th Red Army was routed outside the boundaries of contemporary Estonia (at that time) and the battle-front continued outwards into the ancient, historical Estonian settlement area.
On the first Independence Day of 24 February 1919, the pro-independence Estonian forces on the front consisted of 19,000 men, 70 field guns, and 230 machine guns.
In positions along the Narva River the Estonian 1st Division and their allied White Russian Northern Corps repelled the 7th Red Army's attacks.
On 27 March, the Estonian 3rd Division was deployed along the western flank of the southern front under the command of Major-General Ernst Põdder.
At Võru, the situation became critical on 22 April when the Red Army approached to within 1.5 km of the town.
The 120 members of the Constituent Assembly met at the opening session on 23 April and elected Social Democrat August Rei as chairman.
On 10 October the Land Reform Act was passed, which confiscated and redistributed the large Baltic German estates that covered more than half of the territory of Estonia.
On 18 February, an agreement was signed between Estonia and Latvia, which allowed formation of Latvian forces under Estonian command but using them only on the southern front.
The North Latvian Brigade under the command of Jorģis Zemitāns was formed from the citizens of Latvia who had fled to Estonia.
The Estonian High Command decided to push their defense lines across the border into Russia in support of the White Russian Northern Corps.
On 13 May, the Northern Corps went on the offensive at Narva, catching the Soviets by surprise and destroying their 6th Division.
But the 7th Red Army received reinforcements and counterattacked, pushing the White Russians back, until the front was stabilised with the support from the Estonian 1st Division on the Luga and Saba rivers.
The 600 troops of 1st Estonian Rifle Regiment of the Red Army together with Leonhard Ritt, commander of the switched side on the same day.
Offensive destroyed the Estonian Red Army, captured Pskov on 25 May and cleared the territory between Estonia and the Velikaya River of Soviet forces.
A few days later White Russian forces arrived in Pskov, but as they were unable to defend the town on their own, some Estonian forces remained in Pskov, while the rest were pulled back to the state border.
On 19 June 1919, the Estonian Commander-in-Chief General Johan Laidoner rescinded his command over the White Russians, and they were renamed the Northwestern Army.
On 31 May, an Estonian cavalry regiment led by reached Gulbene, capturing large amount of rolling stock, including 2 armoured trains.
Rapid offensive of 2nd Division, spearheaded by its cavalry regiment, continued and on 6 June it crossed Daugava river and captured Jēkabpils.
The Latvian democrats led by Kārlis Ulmanis had declared independence as in Estonia but were soon pushed back to Liepāja by Soviet forces, where the German VI Reserve Corps finally stopped their advance.
This German force, led by general Rüdiger von der Goltz, consisted of the Baltische Landeswehr formed from Baltic Germans, the Guards Reserve Division of former Imperial German Army soldiers who had stayed in Latvia, and the Freikorps Iron Division of volunteers motivated by prospects of acquiring properties in the Baltics.
This was possible because the terms of their armistice with the Western Allies obliged the Germans to maintain their armies in the East to counter the Bolshevist threat.
The VI Reserve Corps also included the 1st Independent Latvian Battalion led by Oskars Kalpaks, which consisted of ethnic Latvians loyal to the Provisional Government of Latvia.
The Germans disrupted the organization of Latvian national forces, and on 16 April 1919 the Provisional Government was toppled and replaced with the pro-German puppet Provisional Government of Latvia led by Andrievs Niedra.
The VI Reserve Corps pushed the Soviets back, capturing Riga on 23 May, continued to advance northwards, and demanded that the Estonian Army ended its occupation of parts of northern Latvia.
On 3 June, Estonian General Laidoner issued an ultimatum demanding that German forces must pull back southwards, leaving the broad gauge railway between Ieriķi and Gulbene under Estonian control.
When Estonian armoured trains moved out on 5 June to check compliance with this demand, the Baltische Landeswehr attacked them, unsuccessfully.
Despite the Entente demand for the German force to pull behind the line demanded by the Estonians, von der Goltz refused and demanded Estonian withdrawal from Latvia, threatening to continue fighting.
On 19 June, fighting resumed with an assault of the Iron Division on positions of the Estonian 3rd Division near Limbaži and Straupe, starting the Battle of Cēsis.
At that time, the 3rd Estonian Division, including the 2nd Latvian Cēsis regiment under Colonel Krišjānis Berķis, had 5990 infantry and 125 cavalry.
On 3 July, when the Estonian forces were at the outskirts of Riga, a ceasefire was made on the demand of the Entente and the Ulmanis government was restored in Riga.
The German forces were ordered to leave Latvia, the Baltische Landeswehr was put under the command of the Latvian Provisional Government and sent to fight against the Red Army.
However, to circumvent Entente's orders, the troops of the disbanded VI Reserve Corps, instead of leaving, were incorporated into the West Russian Volunteer Army, officially hired by the German puppet Government of Latvia and led by Pavel Bermondt-Avalov.
The Estonian army also remained to support the defence of Latvia against Soviets by defending the front north of Lake Lubāns.
On 25 April 1919, Hungarian Communists offered to mediate a settlement between the Bolsheviks and the Estonians, but Admiral Cowan threatened withdrawal of support to the Estonians unless they rejected the Hungarian offer.
A subsequent broadcast by the Russians on 21 July led to the British journalist Arthur Ransome sounding out the Commissar for Foreign Relations Georgy Chicherin on the subject of peace talks.
With the arms provided by Britain and France, and the operational support by the Estonian Army, Estonian Navy, and Royal Navy, the Northwestern Army began the offensive on 28 September 1919.
The Estonian forces made joint naval and land attacks against the Krasnaya Gorka fort, while the Estonian 2nd Division attempted to destroy bridges over the Velikaya River and the Estonian 3rd Division attacked towards Pytalovo.
The Northwestern Army approached to 16 kilometres (10 miles) from Petrograd, but the Red Army repulsed the White Russian troops back to the Narva River.
Distrustful of the White Russians, the Estonian High Command disarmed and interned the remains of the Northwestern Army that retreated behind the state border.
The 7th and 15th Soviet Armies advancing behind collapsing White Russian forces continued to attack the fortified positions at the state border near Narva.
The first clashes took place on Luga River on 16 November, starting the conclusive battles with 120,000 Soviets facing 40,000 Estonians.
The Estonian high command actively reinforced the 1st Division at Narva during the battles, sending in the headquarters of the 3rd Division.
On 19 November, the new government of Jaan Tõnisson decided to restart talks with Soviet Russia, even without the participation of other Baltic States.
The British squadron delivered 6500 rifles, 200 machine guns, 2 field guns, also two Soviet destroyers were captured near Tallinn and turned over to Estonia.
A Royal Navy squadron continued to provide artillery support on the coast and also protected the Estonian flank against the Russian Baltic Fleet.
Pohjan Pojat led by Hans Kalm fought at the Southern Front, including at the Battle of Paju, while I Suomalainen Vapaajoukko led by Martin Ekström fought at the Viru Front, including at the Battle of Utria.
The company took part in battles against Bolsheviks in Latvia and near Pskov and 19 men were killed by the time their contract ended in September.
Zdravko Čolić (, ; born 30 May 1951) is a pop singer, widely considered as one of the greatest vocalists and cultural icons of former Yugoslavia.
Dubbed the 'Tom Jones' of the Balkans he has garnered notoriety in Southeastern Europe for his emotionally expressive tenor voice, fluent stage presence and numerous critically and commercially acclaimed albums and singles.
Born in Sarajevo, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia to ethnic Bosnian Serb parents, police administrator Vladimir from Vlahovići village near Ljubinje (Herzegovina) and homemaker Stana Čolić from Trebinje (East Herzegovina), young Čolić showed an early interest in sports.
He was active as a football goalkeeper in FK Željezničar's youth system, before switching to track and field, where he also excelled.
At one point he ran a 100 meter dash in 11.3 seconds, and continually placed high at various events he entered (at one of them he finished just behind future star Nenad Stekić).
As a hobby, he took part in various school recitals, and also acted in a couple of plays at the Pionirsko pozorište (youth theatre).
His first significant public singing experience occurred in 1967, when he spent some time at the Montenegrin coast for the Republic Day.
Staying in the house his father owned in the coastal community of Baošići, 17-year-old Čolić was persuaded by a friend, Nedim Idrizović, to enter the amateur signing competition in nearby Bijela.
Encouraged by this unexpected success, and soon after returning to Sarajevo, Čolić entered his first band—a group called Mladi i lijepi.
This engagement didn't last, however, because around the time he graduated high school in 1969; he moved to the more established Ambasadori, a band whose two incarnations he would end up staying with for the next two and a half years.
At the time of Čolić's arrival, Ambasadori employed a strange setup: they were essentially a military cover band as all the musicians, except for bandleader Slobodan Vujović, were army recruits.
along with obligatory Yugoslav hits of the day and years past, and finally even a few original numbers written by the bandmembers thrown into the mix.
Over time, the group started getting more gig offers, which presented a problem since its army part was not available for many of them and those offers had to be declined.
Seeing their opportunities limited by the strange situation, Vujović and Čolić decided to step out and form Novi ambasadori in 1970, bringing in drummer Perica Stojanović, organist Vlado Pravdić, saxophonist Lale Stefanović, and bassist Zlatko Hold.
With the almost all new lineup, the band also expanded its repertoire so that in addition to R&B they now also played covers of Led Zeppelin, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Creedence Clearwater Revival, etc.
In the summer of 1970, Novi ambasadori scored a month-long gig with Indexi in Dubrovnik, which was their first tour-like experience.
The performance at Vaš šlager sezone was also significant since it marked the band's first television appearance, exposing them to a much larger audience.
In the meantime, during summer of 1971, Čolić finally met face to face with Kornelije Kovač who came to see Čolić play in Mostar and invited him to join his Korni grupa as replacement to their departed singer Dado Topić.
Unlike Amabasadori, Korni grupa performed their own material and generally had a much more studious and serious approach to music, so Čolić immediately jumped at the opportunity.
On 10 September 1971, twenty-year-old Čolić left his hometown and moved to the capital Belgrade in order to join his new band.
However, his stint with Korni grupa ultimately proved to be very short and largely unsuccessful as he never meshed well enough with the rest of the group musically, finding it hard to fit into their progressive rock style.
Riding the wave of exposure the Eurovision appearance afforded him, Čolić continued entering competitive festivals throughout SFR Yugoslavia over the next two years with plenty of success.
Around the same time he also signed a deal with the German arm of WEA record label and did two singles for that market.
German producers were of the opinion that his name was too difficult to pronounce for their consumers so they marketed him as Dravco.
Soon, however, Čolić decided not to pursue his options in that country further mostly because he was unwilling to move to Germany.
The same year, cashing in on his sudden popularity upswing, PGP RTB released a compilation of his festival singles under the name Zdravko Čolić.
After the Belgrade concert, the measure of his sudden fame was on public display during autograph-signing at the Jugoton store as the cordon of girls rushed the store, breaking a window glass in attempt to get closer to him.
On 1 April 1978, he started an ambitious tour of SFR Yugoslavia with Lokice dance group in support of the album that had already sold 150,000 copies.
Putujući zemljotres (Traveling Earthquake Tour) produced and organized by Maksa Ćatović moved all over the country, soon becoming a phenomenon the likes of which the country had not seen before.
The tour's climax took place in Belgrade at Red Star FC stadium on 5 September 1978 with 70,000 people in attendance despite the fact that Čolić already played two sold-out shows in Belgrade a few months earlier on 4 and 8 April at Hala Pionir.
Supporting Čolić on stage that night were Chris Nicholls on keyboards and Dado Topić on bass guitar, with old favourites Kornelije Kovač, Arsen Dedić, Kemal Monteno, Josip Boček, Trio Strune, and RTV Belgrade singing quintet appearing as guests.
Čolić and the great tour essentially became a cultural phenomenon transcending musical boundaries such that in the lead-up to the big Belgrade concert journalist Dušan Savković and film director Jovan Ristić decided to make a movie about Čolić.
Two days after the Belgrade concert, Čolić was in his hometown Sarajevo at Koševo Stadium for the tour's grand finale; however, the rain interrupted much of the concert.
By the end of its promotion cycle, the album sold more than 700,000 copies and with later re-releases during the 1990s went over the million mark.
Čolić also got the attention of Ziggy Loch, director of German WEA, who immediately after watching the Belgrade concert wanted to renew his contract.
However, Čolić refused to move to Germany for the second time, and instead on 14 November 1978 went to serve his mandatory Yugoslav Army stint.
Twenty seven years of age at the time, Čolić was assigned to a unit in Valjevo, before getting transferred to Belgrade, and finally Požarevac.
In 1984, Čolić moved from his hometown Sarajevo to Ljubljana where he started a private business with Goran Bregović through their Kamarad label.
The first alpha release was made in September 2009, and the last was November 2012; the first beta was released in September 2018.
Haiku is supported by Haiku, Inc., a non-profit organization based in Rochester, New York, United States, founded in 2003 by former project leader Michael Phipps.
The modular design of BeOS allowed individual components of Haiku to initially be developed in teams in relative isolation, in many cases developing them as replacements for the BeOS components prior to the completion of other parts of the operating system.
The Haiku kernel is a modular hybrid kernel which began as a fork of NewOS, a modular monokernel written by former Be Inc. engineer Travis Geiselbrecht.
Haiku R1 aims to be compatible with BeOS at both the source and binary level, allowing software written and compiled for BeOS to be compiled and run without modification on Haiku.
This provides Haiku users with an instant library of applications to choose from (even programs whose developers are no longer in business or have no interest in updating them), in addition to allowing development of applications to resume from where they had been terminated following the demise of Be, Inc.
This dedication to compatibility has its drawbacks though — requiring Haiku to use a forked version of the GCC compiler, based on version 2.95, released in 2001, which is now years old.
Switching to the newer version 7 of GCC breaks compatibility with BeOS software; therefore Haiku supports being built as a hybrid GCC7/GCC2 environment.
The changes done to GCC 2.95 for Haiku include wide characters support and backport of fixes from GCC 3 and later.
These include additional filesystem drivers and media codec add-ons, although the only affected add-ons for BeOS R5 not easily re-implemented are Indeo 5 media decoders for which no specification exists.
Moreover, Haiku offers a source-level FreeBSD network driver compatibility layer, which means that it can support any network hardware that will work on FreeBSD.
Audio drivers using API versions prior to BeOS R5 are as-yet unsupported, and unlikely to be so; however, R5-era drivers work.
For example, the interface kit allows the use of a layout system to automatically place widgets in windows, while on BeOS the developer had to specify the exact position of each widget by hand.
This allows for GUIs that will render correctly with any font size and makes localization of applications much easier, as a longer string in a translated language will make the widget grow, instead of being partly invisible if the widget size were fixed.
Suggested new features include file indexing on par with Unix's Beagle, Google Desktop and macOS's Spotlight, greater integration of scalable vector graphics into the desktop, proper support for multiple users, and additional kits.
He was librarian and almoner in the household of the princesse de Lamballe, and when in 1792 she was executed, he fled to the provinces, where under the name of Pastel he practised medicine.
A man of facile conscience, he afterwards served in turn under Napoleon, the House of Bourbon and the House of Orléans, and became canon of St Denis, bishop of Morocco and dean of the Sorbonne.
The region encompasses the geographical area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Niger River, a large swathe of territory spanning Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Egypt, Western Sahara, and the Canary Islands.
The most densely populated areas of the Tamazgha are the coastal fertile regions of northern Libya, northern and eastern Tunisia, northern Algeria, northern Morocco, and the Atlantic coast of Morocco.
The term is used by the Berbers because there was not originally a common word that refers to all the geographical territory inhabited by the Mazices, since the Berber people live in several Berber countries, and they are not united politically, with many scattered around the World by the Berber diaspora.
So, the name has been created to define an Berber nation, and unify the people of the Tamazgha with their original culture.
The term has been translated into Spanish as Mazigia, abbreviated as MZG and used as an alternative international license plate code for some people .
A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading.
This topology can only be done in an IC, as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.
The first is the transfer ratio (in the case of a current amplifier) or the output current magnitude (in the case of a constant current source CCS).
The second is its AC output resistance, which determines how much the output current varies with the voltage applied to the mirror.
The third specification is the minimum voltage drop across the output part of the mirror necessary to make it work properly.
The range of voltages where the mirror works is called the compliance range and the voltage marking the boundary between good and bad behavior is called the compliance voltage.
It is not obligatory for them to be linear; the only requirement is their characteristics to be mirrorlike (for example, in the BJT current mirror below, they are logarithmic and exponential).
Because Q and Q are matched, their β-values also agree, making the mirror output current the same as the collector current of Q.
The reference current supplies the collector current to Q and the base currents to both transistors — when both transistors have zero base-collector bias, the two base currents are equal, I = I = I.
If V is greater than zero in output transistor Q, the collector current in Q will be somewhat larger than for Q due to the Early effect.
where V is the Early voltage and β is the transistor β for V = 0 V. Besides the difference due to the Early effect, the transistor β-values will differ because the β-values depend on current, and the two transistors now carry different currents (see Gummel-Poon model).
In other words, the right half of the circuit can be duplicated several times with various resistor values replacing R on each.
For the simple mirror shown in the diagram, typical values of formula_8 will yield a current match of 1% or better.
Although the variation can be somewhat compensated for by using a Source degenerate resistor its value becomes so large that the output resistance suffers (i.e.
A variety of circuits based upon this idea are in use, particularly for MOSFET mirrors because MOSFETs have rather low intrinsic output resistance values.
There are many sophisticated current mirrors that have higher output resistances than the basic mirror (more closely approach an ideal mirror with current output independent of output voltage) and produce currents less sensitive to temperature and device parameter variations and to circuit voltage fluctuations.
The demon Mephistopheles makes a bet with God: he says that he can lure God's favourite human being (Faust), who is striving to learn everything that can be known, away from righteous pursuits.
The next scene takes place in Faust's study where Faust, despairing at the vanity of scientific, humanitarian and religious learning, turns to magic for the showering of infinite knowledge.
He goes for a walk with his assistant Wagner and is followed home by a stray poodle (the term then meant a medium-to-big-size dog, similar to a sheep dog).
Faust makes an arrangement with him: Mephistopheles will do everything that Faust wants while he is here on Earth, and in exchange Faust will serve the Devil in Hell.
Faust's arrangement is that if he is pleased enough with anything Mephistopheles gives him that he wants to stay in that moment forever, then he will die in that moment.
When Mephistopheles tells Faust to sign the pact with blood, Faust complains that Mephistopheles does not trust Faust's word of honor.
He is attracted to her and with jewelry and with help from a neighbor, Martha, Mephistopheles draws Gretchen into Faust's arms.
Rich in classical allusion, in Part Two the romantic story of the first Faust is put aside, and Faust wakes in a field of fairies to initiate a new cycle of adventures and purpose.
... the translator clearly distorts Goethe's ideas... in order to defend the reactionary theory of 'pure art' ... he introduces an aesthetic and individualist flavor into the text... attributes a reactionary idea to Goethe... distorts the social and philosophical meaning...
Usually, a mahout starts as a boy in the family profession when he is assigned an elephant early in its life.
In addition to more traditional occupations, today mahouts are employed in many countries by forestry services and the logging industry, as well as in tourism.
The verbal commands given to the elephants by the mahouts are all in Sinhala, one of the two official languages of Sri Lanka.
It had been chained up, as tame elephants always are when their attack of 'must' is due, but on the previous night it had broken its chain and escaped.
It can live in either deep or very shallow water, and will often move from one to the other depending on the time of day or season.
While their color can vary from population to population, they typically have a very distinctive coloring, with deep blue and purple on the face and gill cover, dark olive-colored bands down the side, and a fiery orange to yellow belly.
The fish play a key role in the food chain, and are prey for bass, other (sunfish), northern, walleye, muskies, trout, herons, kingfishers, snapping turtles, and otters.
The precise coloration will vary from population to population – for example, bluegill in one pond could be almost black, while in another pond may be pale tan.
The bluegill has three anal spines, ten to 12 anal fin rays, six to 13 dorsal fin spines, 11 to 12 dorsal rays, and 12 to 13 pectoral rays.
The bluegill typically ranges in size from about four to 12 inches, and reaches a maximum size just over 16 inches.
The bluegill is most closely related to the orangespotted sunfish and the redear sunfish, but different in a distinct spot at or near the base of the soft dorsal fin.
The bluegill occurs naturally in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains from coastal Virginia to Florida, west to Texas and northern Mexico, and north to western Minnesota and western New York.
Today they have been introduced to almost everywhere else in North America, and have also been introduced into Europe, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Asia, South America, and Oceania.
In some locations where they have been transplanted, they are considered pests: trade in the species is prohibited in Germany and Japan.
In the case of Japan, bluegills were presented to the then-crown prince, Akihito in 1960 as a gift by Richard J. Daley, mayor of Chicago.
The prince, in turn, donated the fish to fishery research agencies in Japan, from which they escaped and became an invasive species that has wreaked havoc with native species, especially in Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture.
They prefer water with many aquatic plants, and seclude themselves within or near fallen logs, water weeds or any other structure (natural or manmade) that's underwater.
In the summer, adults move to deep, open water where they suspend just below the surface and feed on plankton and other aquatic creatures.
Bluegill try to spend most of their time in water from , and tend to have a home range of about during nonreproductive months.
They enjoy heat, but do not like direct sunlight – they typically live in deeper water, but will linger near the water surface in the morning to stay warm.
Bluegill are usually found in schools of 10 to 20 fish, and these schools will often include other panfish, such as crappie, pumpkinseeds, and smallmouth bass.
The adult diet consists of aquatic insect larvae (mayflies, caddisflies, dragonflies), but can also include crayfish, leeches, snails, and other small fish.
If food is scarce, bluegill will also feed on aquatic vegetation, and if scarce enough, will even feed on their own eggs or offspring.
Most bluegills feed during daylight hours, with a feeding peak being observed in the morning and evening (with the major peak occurring in the evening).
Only a limited amount of water is able to be suctioned, so the fish must get within 1.75 centimeters of the prey.
In turn, bluegill are prey to many larger species, including largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, trout, muskellunge, turtles, northern pike, yellow perch, walleye, catfish, and even larger bluegill.
If the bluegill's visual input or lateral line input were to be compromised, its pectoral fins are then able to be utilized as mechanosensors through the bending of the fin(s) when the fish comes into contact with its environment.
The bluegill's caudal fin muscles are important in the fish' slow swimming and also important in the beginning stages of the fish increasing its swimming speed.
The dorsal and anal fins are two types of median fins that work in parallel to balance torque during steady swimming.
Backward swimming in the bluegill is more complex than steady swimming, as it is not just the reversal of forward swimming.
The fish utilizes its pectoral fins to provide a rhythmic beat while the dorsal and anal fins produce momentum to drive the fish backwards.
The bluegill, amongst a wide array of other fishes, exhibits the C-start escape response, which is generated by large neurons called Mauthner cells.
Mauthner cells operate as a command center for the escape response and respond quickly once the neural pathway has been activated by an initial stimulus.
The cells trigger a contraction of muscle that bends the fish body into a 'C' to then aid in the propulsion away from a predator.
The C-start escape response produces other evolutionary advantages, including the ability to use the quick, unpredictable nature of propulsion to capture prey.
The caudal (tail) fin is a main source of momentum in typical kinematic models of the C-start escape response but the bluegill draws a majority of its momentum from the body bending associated with the response, as well as its dorsal and anal fins.
The dorsal and anal fins' roles as propulsors during escape response suggest that the size of the fins could lead to an evolutionary advantage when escaping predators.
They will make a spawning bed of six to 12 inches in diameter in shallow water, clustering as many as 50 beds together.
If the female enters the nest, both the male and female will circle each other, with the male expressing very aggressive behavior toward the female.
A small female can produce as few as 1,000 eggs, and a large, healthy female can produce up to 100,000 eggs.
The male continues to watch over the nest until the larvae are able to hatch and swim away on their own.
The bluegill generally begins its spawning career at one year of age, but has been found to spawn as early as four months of age under favorable conditions.
Anglers find spawning season to be a very successful time to fish for bluegills, as they aggressively attack anything, including a hook, that comes near.
The growth of the bluegill is very rapid in the first three years, but slows considerably once the fish reaches maturity.
Bluegills are popular panfish, caught with live bait such as worms, crickets, grasshoppers, flies, minnows, maggots or small frogs, as well as small shrimp bits, processed bait, bread, corn, other table scraps, small crankbaits, spinners, fake worms, or even a bare hook.
They are noted for seeking out underwater vegetation for cover; their natural diet consists largely of small invertebrates such as crickets, water bugs, larvae, and very small fish.
The bluegill itself is also occasionally used as bait for larger game fish species, such as blue catfish, flathead catfish and largemouth bass.
Bluegill have a rather bold character; many have no fear of humans, eating food dropped into the water, and a population in Canada's Lake Scugog will even allow themselves to be stroked by human observers.
The IGFA all tackle world record for the species stands at 2.15kg (4lb 12oz) caught from Ketona lake in Alabama in 1950.
Bluegills play an important role in pond and lake management to keep crustacean and insect populations low, as a single bluegill population may eat up to six times its own weight in just one summer.
Mathieu Jean Felicité de Montmorency, duc de Montmorency-Laval (10 July 1767 – 24 March 1826) was a prominent French statesman during the French Revolution and Bourbon Restoration.
He was the son of Mathieu Paul Louis de Montmorency, vicomte de Laval (1748–1809) and Catherine Jeanne Tavernier de Boullongne (d. 1838).
Montmorency's father was a scion of one of the oldest noble families in France, while his wife was the daughter of an aristocratic French planter in Guadeloupe.
Montmorency went on to seek higher education at College du Plessis, where he developed his love for the subject of philosophy and the idea of enlightenment.
Around the Storming of the Tuileries in August Montmorency fled to Coppet to live with Mme de Staël and Arnail François, marquis de Jaucourt.
He was instrumental in convincing Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu to replace his former friend and former Bonapartist Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord as the new Prime Minister of France.
Known for strong reactionary, ultramontane, and Ultra-royalist views, Felicite became the French minister of foreign affairs under Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph, comte de Villèle in December 1821.
He was discovered seated lifeless at the end of the Good Friday Liturgy in St. Thomas d'Aquin church in the fashionable St. Germain des Près faubourg.
He is fourth on the list of bowlers with most Test wickets for Pakistan, behind only fast bowlers Wasim Akram, Waqar Younis and Imran Khan.
In Test cricket, Kaneria's best bowling performance in an innings was seven wickets for 77 runs whereas his best performance in a match was 12 wickets for 94 runs, both against Bangladesh.
He also took 15 five-wicket hauls in Test cricket, and achieved seven and six wickets in an innings on four and three different occasions respectively.
After allegations of being involved in spot fixing, Kaneria was given a lifetime ban by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), preventing him from playing in matches under their jurisdiction.
Kaneria represented National Shipping Corporation, Karachi Whites, Pakistan Reserves, Habib Bank Limited cricket team (HBL), Karachi, Essex, Karachi Blues, Karachi Zebras, Karachi Harbour, Sindh cricket team, Baluchistan Bears, Karachi Dolphins and Pakistan A cricket team at domestic level.
He played his last match of that format against the Punjab cricket team at the Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore while playing for Sindh in February 2012.
Kaneria played his first LA match for Karachi White against Quetta cricket team in April 1998–99 at the United Bank Limited Sports Complex, Karachi.
He took two four-wicket hauls in T20s, and his best bowling performance in the format was four wickets for 22 runs.
Kaneria made his international debut as a leg-spinner in November 2000 at the age of 19, playing in a Test match against England at Faisalabad.
In that same season, he played two Test matches against the same team taking only four wickets at the average of 54 runs.
In the next year, he took six wickets in an innings twice against Bangladesh during the first match of 2001–02 Asian Test Championship.
Kaneria took 12 wickets for 94 runs, Pakistan won the match, and his performance earned him the man of the match award.
The following year, during the Pakistan tour Bangladesh, Kaneria achieved his career-best performance in an innings against the same team taking seven wickets for 77 runs at the Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka.
In first Test match played at the Gaddafi Stadium, he took seven wickets for 111 runs including a five-wicket haul in the first innings.
In October 2004, he took ten wickets against Sri Lanka at the National Stadium, Karachi, with a second-innings haul of seven wickets for 118, setting up Pakistan's six-wicket win.
In January 2005, Kaneria took eight wickets in a math against Australia conceding 204 runs including seven wickets for 188 runs in the first Australian innings.
Despite Pakistan lost the match at the Sydney Cricket Ground, he achieved his third seven-wicket haul in Test cricket, and Australian cricketer Shane Warne praised his performance.
Kaneria was initially nominated for the ICC Test Player of the Year by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2005 for his performance during the previous year.
In 2006 and 2007, Kaneria played 20 Test matches for Pakistan taking 77 wickets including a five-wicket haul against West Indies at Multan in November 2006.
During the last years of his Test career, Kaneria played an important role in Pakistan's Test wins over West Indies, England and India.
In December 2009, he took seven wickets 168 in the first innings of the third Test match against New Zealand at the McLean Park, Napier.
Kaneria's Test career lasted almost ten years; he played 61 matches during his career taking 261 wickets at the average of 34.79.
He also scored 360 runs at the average of over seven runs whereas his highest in an innings remained 29 runs.
Kaneria holds the record for most wickets by any Pakistani spin bowler, and the fourth highest wicket taker of Pakistan in Test cricket, only behind Wasim Akram, Waqar Younis and Imran Khan.
Kaneria made his ODI debut in October 2001 against Zimbabwe at the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium; he conceded 43 runs in seven overs without taking a wicket.
He took one wicket for 45 runs in nine overs against the West Indies, and two wickets for 48 runs in four overs.
His best bowling in ODIs came against New Zealand in Sri Lanka in 2003 taking three wickets for 31 runs at the Rangiri Dambulla International Stadium.
Success in the one day arena has been more elusive, Pakistan usually opting to play the two spinning all-rounders Shahid Afridi and Shoaib Malik or Saeed Ajmal instead.
Although unable to play English [county cricket] in 2006 due to Pakistan's tour of England, he returned to play for Essex in 2007, taking 107 wickets for the County in all forms of the game.
He played for Essex again in 2008, although he missed the start of the campaign due to his wife giving birth to their second child.
Kaneria suffered a broken finger in Essex's LV County Championship Division Two match against Worcestershire County Cricket Club (Worcestershire CCC) at Colchester on 21 August 2008.
In September 2010, police told Kaneria that the investigation had been closed and that he had been cleared of any allegations.
Although he was a part of the training camp, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) stopped him from playing in the series.
On 17 February 2012, during Mervyn Westfield's trial on spot fixing charges, Kaneria was named in court as the man who approached Westfield with the idea.
However, Kaneria uploaded video on his YouTube channel stating that he didn't pay much about the negetive things in his life.. Kaneria said, his focus was only on Cricket, Not on anyone personal biased, He also said that Pakistan Cricket Board did not fight his case in International Cricket Council as he is banned for lifetime from playing cricket.
He is married to Dharmita Kaneria (a daughter of a Varasia family) and has a son Nadish Kaneria, Jr. and daughter Parisa Kaneria.
Spoken in ancient times, Hebrew, a member of the Canaanite branch of the Semitic language family, was supplanted as the Jewish vernacular by the western dialect of Aramaic beginning in the third century BCE, though it continued to be used as a liturgical and literary language.
Most speakers are citizens of Israel: about five million are Israelis who speak Modern Hebrew as their native language, 1.5 million are immigrants to Israel, 1.5 million are Arab citizens of Israel, whose first language is usually Arabic, and half a million are expatriate Israelis or diaspora Jews living outside Israel.
The organization that officially directs the development of the Modern Hebrew language, under the law of the State of Israel, is the Academy of the Hebrew Language.
Jewish contemporary sources describe Hebrew flourishing as a spoken language in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, during about 1200 to 586 BCE.
Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew remained a spoken vernacular following the Babylonian captivity, when Old Aramaic became the predominant international language in the region.
Hebrew died out as a vernacular language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining after the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136 CE, which devastated the population of Judea.
Hebrew had been spoken at various times and for a number of purposes throughout the Diaspora, and during the Old Yishuv it had developed into a spoken lingua franca among the Jews of Palestine.
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda then led a revival of the Hebrew language as a mother tongue in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Its acceptance by the early Jewish immigrants to Ottoman Palestine was caused primarily by support from the organisations of Edmond James de Rothschild in the 1880s and the official status it received in the 1922 constitution of the British Mandate for Palestine.
Modern Hebrew is classified as an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic family and the Canaanite branch of the North-West semitic subgroup.
While Modern Hebrew is largely based on Mishnaic and Biblical Hebrew as well as Sephardi and Ashkenazi liturgical and literary tradition from the Medieval and Haskalah eras and retains its Semitic character in its morphology and in much of its syntax, the consensus among scholars is that Modern Hebrew represents a fundamentally new linguistic system, not directly continuing any previous linguistic state.
Modern Hebrew is considered to be a koiné language based on historical layers of Hebrew that incorporates foreign elements, mainly those introduced during the most critical revival period between 1880 and 1920, as well as new elements created by speakers through natural linguistic evolution.
A minority of scholars argue that the revived language had been so influenced by various substrate languages that it is genealogically a hybrid with Indo-European.
Those theories have not been met with general acceptance, and the consensus among a majority of scholars is that Modern Hebrew, despite its non-Semitic influences, can correctly be classified as a Semitic language.
Further diacritics like Dagesh and Sin and Shin dots are used to indicate variations in the pronunciation of the consonants (e.g.
Israeli Hebrew has 25 to 27 consonants, depending on whether the speaker has pharyngeals, and 5 to 10 vowels, depending on whether diphthongs and long and short vowels are counted, depending on the speaker and the analysis.
Obstruents often assimilate in voicing: voiceless obstruents () become voiced () when they appear immediately before voiced obstruents, and vice versa.
Long vowels occur unpredictably if two identical vowels were historically separated by a pharyngeal or glottal consonant, and the first was stressed.
Most lexical words have lexical stress on one of the last two syllables, the last syllable being more frequent in formal speech.
While the pronunciation of Modern Hebrew is based on Sephardi Hebrew, the pronunciation has been affected by the immigrant communities that have settled in Israel in the past century and there has been a general coalescing of speech patterns.
The syntax of Modern Hebrew is mainly Mishnaic but also shows the influence of different contact languages to which its speakers have been exposed during the revival period and over the past century.
Modern Hebrew maintains classical syntactic properties associated with VSO languages: it is prepositional, rather than postpositional, in making case and adverbial relations, auxiliary verbs precede main verbs; main verbs precede their complements, and noun modifiers (adjectives, determiners other than the definite article , and noun adjuncts) follow the head noun; and in genitive constructions, the possessee noun precedes the possessor.
Modern Hebrew has expanded its vocabulary effectively to meet the needs of casual vernacular, of science and technology, of journalism and belles-lettres.
Modern Hebrew has loanwords from Arabic (both from the local Levantine dialect and from the dialects of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries), Aramaic, Yiddish, Judaeo-Spanish, German, Polish, Russian, English and other languages.
Simultaneously, Israeli Hebrew makes use of words that were originally loanwords from the languages of surrounding nations from ancient times: Canaanite languages as well as Akkadian.
The Arikara War was an armed conflict between the United States, their allies from the Sioux (or Dakota) tribe and Arikara Native Americans that took place in the summer of 1823, along the Missouri River in present-day South Dakota.
It was the first Indian war west of the Missouri fought by the U.S. Army and its only conflict ever with the Arikara.
In 1806, during a trip to the United States capital, an Arikara leader died, and many Arikara believed that Americans were involved in his death.
Later, as a result of the growing activity of fur trading companies, contact between Arikara and white merchants became more frequent, and skirmishes eventually followed.
The Sioux, both Yankton and Yanktonai east of the Missouri and Lakota on the west side, had for long been at war with the Arikara, interrupted by short truces on Sioux terms.
The Arikaras in question were living in a double village on the west shore of the Missouri, six or seven miles (about 10 km) upstream from the mouth of Grand River.
On 2 June 1823, Arikara warriors assaulted trappers working for General William Henry Ashley's Rocky Mountain Fur Company on the Missouri River, killing about 15 people.
The 750 warriors were part Yankton and Yanktonai Sioux, part western Sioux from the Brule, the Blackfeet, and the Hunkpapa divisions.
The Indian force received promises of Arikara horses and spoils, and with the enemy's villages fallen new ranges would open for the Sioux.
On 9 August 1823, Leavenworth arrived at the Arikara villages and commenced the attack using his Sioux cavalry, but this was held off by the Arikara.
The causes of the war are not well recorded, but the trading relationship of the Arikara with white traders was certainly a factor.
The Arikara lived in permanent settlements for most of the year where they farmed, fished and hunted buffalo on the surrounding plains.
However, this was insufficient to sustain them and they relied on being a center of trade with neighboring tribes to survive.
Ashley's expedition to directly acquire furs and pelts cut out the Arikara in their role as trading middle-men and was thus a direct threat to their livelihood.
There was also the issue of their desire to have a trading post on their territory so that they could have easy access to manufactured goods.
Not wishing to limit his operations by having to maintain a permanent base, Ashley instead promised the Arikara that he would have the goods they asked for shipped to them directly from St. Louis.
A further source of resentment, although probably not a direct cause of the war, was the death of the Arikara chief Ankedoucharo during a visit to Washington in 1806.
The initial episode at the Arikara villages on 2 June reached international level when some hinted, that the British Hudson's Bay Company was the mastermind behind it all.
The hostility between the United States and the Arikara ended officially on 18 July 1825, when the two opponents signed a peace treaty.
In 1851, the western Sioux claimed the 1823 battleground as Lakota territory and later received formal treaty recognition on the former Arikara land.
Although brief, the conflict was noted for two reasons: it was the first military conflict between the United States and Native Americans in the West, setting the tone for future encounters between whites and other Native American groups; and since Leavenworth did not completely defeat the Arikara, his leniency toward them sparked a great debate between white Americans demanding subjugation of the natives and those advocating for peaceful cohabitation.
Archaeological work at the location of the Arikara villages (Leavenworth site (39CO9)) in 1932 gave a clue to the futile shelling of the earth lodges more than 100 years earlier.
The Rimutaka Incline was a , gauge railway line on an average grade of 1-in-15 using the Fell system between Summit and Cross Creek stations on the Wairarapa side of the original Wairarapa Line in the Wairarapa district of New Zealand.
Between Kaitoke and the Wairarapa, the four proposals were the Tauwharenikau Route, Mr Sinclair's Route, a coastal route and the Pakuratahi Route.
While the government was conducting its surveys, Wellington Province Superintendent William Fitzherbert instructed his Provincial Engineer, Charles O’Neill, to investigate the possibility of a railway through the Rimutaka Valley (the route of the road between Featherston and Upper Hutt), with a tunnel through the dividing range.
The survey was carried out between May and 21 July 1871, and O’Neill reported that a tunnel 130 chains (2.6 km) long would be required, with the line rising at 1 in 60 from the Pakuratahi to the tunnel then descending at 1 in 40 to Featherston.
It was found that to keep the gradient to no steeper than 1 in 40, curves of three chains (60 m) radius would be required.
This would have involved the line continuing from Summit to Birch Spur from where a rope-worked incline would convey traffic to the valley floor where the railway would continue through a narrow valley to the Wairarapa plains.
The Public Works Department engineers investigating this proposal were unable to locate a suitable incline, so this proposal was also abandoned.
He determined that an incline worked by the Fell system would be suitable, and cited the Mont Cenis Pass Railway as an example.
Though special locomotives would be required, factors in its favour were that ordinary rolling stock could be used and it was a proven system.
It was to be the third and last Fell system employing the centre rail for both tractive power and braking, and the longest surviving.
Construction of the Rimutaka Incline was included in two contracts that were let for the building of the original Wairarapa Line.
This contract included the excavation of Summit station yard and related drainage, Summit tunnel, and formation work to a point 26 chains (523 m) beyond the tunnel.
It was the shortest contract of those let for the line, it was finished by the original contractor, and it had the least number of alterations.
Work was to start on 12 July 1874 and to be completed by 22 July 1876, at which time the Pakuratahi contract was due to be completed.
Excavations removed material to a depth of 15–20 feet, with this fill being dumped on the opposite side of the yard to form level ground.
The line entered the tunnel on a downward grade of 1 in 1,000, steepening to a grade of 1 in 15 at the eastern portal.
At that end a small drainage tunnel had to be built to divert a stream that had flowed down a steep gully where the tunnel mouth was to be.
The maximum height of the tunnel was above the floor: once rails were laid the maximum clearance was The width of the tunnel varied from at the floor to at above the floor.
Despite castigation from various parties, it was not until March 1877 that work on both ends of the tunnel met at the middle, having taken three and a half years to complete.
The Public Works Department lined the tunnel after the rails had reached the site, enabling them to use work trains to bring materials and other supplies in.
It was during this phase that the only fatality on this contract occurred: on 3 May 1878, a sizeable portion of the lining collapsed on two men.
Several alterations were made to the contract both prior to and during construction, including the replacement of one of three tunnels by a cutting, and three wooden bridges by embankments.
On leaving the tunnel, the line crossed the gully on a high earth and rock embankment, the largest on the section, on a five-chain radius curve.
After the embankment, the line continued at a grade of 1 in 15 down to Cross's Creek (later Cross Creek) station.
From Cross Creek the line descended at gradients varying from level to 1 in 40 to Lucena's (later Pigeon Bush), and from there in a straight line to Featherston.
None of the major earthworks seem to have presented any great difficulties, save the lower tunnel, which was plagued by accidents and materials failures largely because of the unstable nature of the rock through which it passed.
Initially, only simple arrangements were made for the station yard at Cross's Creek, as it had yet to be decided the nature of operations on the Incline.
After formation work continued beyond Cross Creek, McKirdy ran out of time and money, with the remainder of his contract being picked up by his guarantors, T. W. Young and Robert Greenfield.
After complaints from management of the expense of running too many trains, two locomotives seem to have been used, both at the head of the train.
As the maximum weight of a train during this period was 150 tons, no more than three locomotives were used per train.
Train operations continued to be modified until by 1908 the maximum load allowed per train had increased to 250 tons descending and 260 tons ascending.
When the line opened, there were two Fell brake vans in service, each long and from floor to ceiling, with open platforms at either end.
The wear on the brake blocks fitted to these vans was so severe that a set of blocks seldom lasted more than one trip down the incline.
Like the positioning and loading of the locomotives, the arrangements for positioning of the Fell vans varied until they were largely standardised by 1897.
If the gross weight of the train exceeded 120 tons or included more than 15 vehicles (excluding the locomotives in both cases) a second Fell van was attached to the rear of the train.
After the introduction of the continuous brake system in 1903 it became possible to operate trains with five locomotives, and on descending passenger trains up to five Fell brake vans could be used – two next to the locomotives, one in the middle, and two at the rear.
As each brake van had its own guard and the train had a train guard and locomotive crews, a train with five brake vans and four locomotives had a crew of 14, which added to the expense of the operation.
Instructions issued in 1885 regarding the use of the safety siding required that the points for the incline be set to the safety siding.
As descending trains approached the Cross Creek yard, the driver of the leading locomotive sounded a long whistle, which signalled that all was well.
Unusual traffic included four royal trains: for the Prince of Wales in 1921; the Duke (later King George VI) and Duchess of York in 1927; the Duke of Gloucester in 1935; and Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1954.
The original yards at Cross Creek and Summit were sufficient for the traffic levels of the time, but increasing traffic brought about incremental additions.
The full extent of the Summit yard was reached in 1903, which coincided with the introduction of full signalling and interlocking, not introduced to Cross Creek until 1915.
H class locomotives were not to be operated on any part of the railway other than the Incline, with the sole exception of conveying them to the Petone (and later Hutt) Workshops for maintenance.
In the latter case, bunkers, water tanks and boilers were to be empty and the locomotives were to be towed at a speed not exceeding .
These rules were relaxed to allow the locomotives to travel light engine to Petone and back under their own steam, subject to the same speed restrictions.
In 1887 they were permitted to be operated between Cross Creek and Pigeon Bush, later extended to Featherston to enable them to be used for banking purposes.
The mileages run by the H class locomotives show notable increases that correspond to economic and other major events, such as the opening of the Wairarapa Line as far as Masterton, completion of the line to Woodville, and the nationalisation of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway.
With the opening of the railway to Masterton the annual mileage of the H class rose from less than 7,000 to more than 8,000, in 1883-1897 to 34,000, and to 42,000 when the line was opened to Woodville and began carrying traffic from the Hawke's Bay.
They were rated for a maximum speed of and expected to climb the Incline at 15-17 mph, but actually managed only 10–12 mph.
Several options for an alternative to the Incline were considered in the 20th century, but it was not until after WWII that a route through a tunnel between Maymorn and Lucena's Creek was selected.
H 199 had previously been given to the town of Featherston, and had been a static display in a local park from 1958.
Later, a lease was secured on F 210, the sole remaining Fell brake van, which is now also on display in the museum.
A resurgence of public interest in the incline followed the publication of a book in 1976 and the opening of the Fell Engine Museum in the early 1980s, prompting the New Zealand Forest Service to re-establish access to Cross Creek in 1984.
The official opening of a rail trail using the formation of the original railway line from Cross Creek to Kaitoke followed in 1987.
It is today one of the more popular recreational facilities in the region and forms part of the Remutaka Forest Park.
In October 2005 a reunion of former NZR staff and friends who worked the Incline was held in Featherston, including a visit on 29 October to Cross Creek to commemorate 50 years since the last train ran on the Incline.
On the same day a ″first spike″ ceremony was held at Maymorn to mark the beginning of the Rimutaka Incline Railway Heritage Trust's project to reinstate the railway.
On 8 August 2003 the trust was inaugurated with the intention of reinstating the line in four stages: Upper Hutt to Summit; Wellington to Upper Hutt (using KiwiRail's Wairarapa Line); Summit to Cross Creek; Cross Creek to Featherston.
Largely thanks to the establishment of the Remutaka Rail Trail, most of the original formation has been preserved and is proposed to be incorporated into the reinstated rail operation, with new works required at Maymorn to link the original formation to the station yard and a deviation at Kaitoke to bypass formation land that is now in private ownership.
Work on the project is currently at stage one, with the acquisition of rolling stock for restoration, fencing, track laying in the yard, and the construction of a rail vehicle shed.
In contrast to previous airline transaction processing systems, the most notable aspect of ACP is that it was designed to run on most models of the IBM System/360 mainframe computer family.
In December 1979, ACP became known as ACP/TPF and then just TPF (Transaction Processing Facility) as the transaction operating system became more widely implemented by businesses other than the major airlines, such as online credit card processing, hotel and rental car reservations, police emergency response systems, and package delivery systems.
In the north west of Scotland and northern Wales the highland midge is usually very prevalent from late spring to late summer.
Female highland midges are well known for gathering in clouds and biting humans, though the majority of the blood they obtain comes from cattle, sheep and deer.
It is often followed by irritating lumps that may disappear in a few hours or last for days, depending on the individual.
Following Scotland's exceptionally cold winter in the early part of 2010, scientists found that the prolonged freezing conditions, rather than reducing the following summer's midge population in the Scottish Highlands, in fact increased it as the cold weather had reduced the numbers of its natural predators, such as bats and birds.
Female midges tend to bite close to their breeding site (although they have been found up to 1 km away) and near to the ground.
Formerly a member of the Quebec Liberal Party, René Lévesque quit the party with a few hundred others after his proposal of a sovereign Quebec associated to the rest of Canada was rejected during a party convention.
The MSA quickly began to move for a merger of all the independence movements in Quebec, which at the time were the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) and the Ralliement national (RN).
Joseph Elsner (29 September 1845 in Schlaney, Silesia – 3 March 1933 in Munich) was a German architect and designer of Historicism (art).
Orthopnea or orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.
It is commonly seen as a late manifestation of heart failure, resulting from fluid redistribution into the central circulation, causing an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure.
It can also occur in those with asthma and chronic bronchitis, as well as those with sleep apnea or panic disorder.
Orthopnea is due to increased distribution of blood to the pulmonary circulation when a person lies flat or closer to a horizontal position.
Lying flat decreases the inhibitory effect that the gravity usually has on the blood that is coming back to the heart from the lower extremities of the body.
In a normal person, this redistribution of blood has little effect on respiratory function as the left ventricle has the adequate capacity to suddenly increase its stroke volume (as a result of Frank-Starling mechanism).
In a person with heart failure, the left ventricle has an inadequate capacity to respond to increased arrival of blood from the pulmonary circulation.
The increased intra-parenchymal pulmonary intravascular pressure can also result in hydrostatic pressure related fluid exudation into the alveoli, thus causing pulmonary edema and further worsening shortness of breath.
Thus, shortness of breath is commonly experienced after a reasonably short time lying near to flat for a person with left ventricular failure.
This is different from the dyspnea experienced by someone with lung parenchymal pathology (both restrictive and obstructive) when lying down, which is sudden and instead related to an acute change in diaphragmatic/accessory respiratory muscle mechanical advantage lost when moving the body into a more horizontal position.
The Truce of Ulm () (also known as the Treaty of Ulm) was signed in Ulm on 14 March 1647 between France, Sweden, and Bavaria.
Both invading nations forced Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, to conclude the truce and renounce his alliance with Emperor Ferdinand III.
An osteotomy is a surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten or lengthen it or to change its alignment.
It is sometimes performed to correct a hallux valgus, or to straighten a bone that has healed crookedly following a fracture.
Tools exist to assist recovering patients who may have non weight bearing requirements and include bedpans, dressing sticks, long-handled shoe-horns, grabbers/reachers and specialized walkers and wheelchairs.
Two main types of osteotomies are used in the correction of hip dysplasias and deformities to improve alignment/interaction of acetabulum – (socket) – and femoral head (femur head) – (ball), innominate osteotomies and femoral osteotomies.
Some acetabular procedures are named after the surgeons who first described them as Salter (R. Salter), Dega (W. Dega), Sutherland (D.H. Sutherland), Chiari (K. Chiari): other names one may encounter are Ludlov, P. Pemberton, and James B. Steele.
A femoral derotation osteotomy can be performed to correct version abnormalities such as excessive anteversion or retroversion of the hip joint.
Excessive anteversion of the femur results in anterior instability of the hip joint while excessive retroversion results in femoroacetabular hip impingement.
A subtrochanteric blade plate or an intramedullary rod can be used to stabilize the osteotomy site in a femoral derotation osteotomy until compete bone healing is achieved; an approach employing an intramedullary rod is much less invasive than one using a subtrochanteric blade plate.
The goal is to shift the patient's body weight off the damaged area to the other side of the knee, where the cartilage is still healthy.
Surgeons remove a wedge of the tibia from underneath the healthy side of the knee, which allows the tibia and femur to bend away from the damaged cartilage.
As the door swings open, one side of the door remains pressed against the wall as space opens up on the other side.
Because prosthetic knees may wear out over time, an osteotomy procedure can enable younger, active osteoarthritis patients to continue using the healthy portion of their knee.
The most common type of osteotomy performed on arthritic knees is a high tibial osteotomy, which addresses cartilage damage on the inside (medial) portion of the knee.
During a high tibial osteotomy, surgeons remove a wedge of bone from the outside of the knee, which causes the leg to bend slightly inward.
Surgeons map out the exact size of the bone wedge they will remove, using an X-ray, CT scan, or 3D computer modeling.
A four- to five-inch incision is made down the front and outside of the knee, starting below the kneecap and extending below the top of the shinbone.
A standard oscillating saw is run along the guide wires, removing most of the bone wedge from underneath the outside of the knee, below the healthy cartilage.
The top of the shinbone is then lowered on the outside and attached with surgical staples or screws, depending on the size of the wedge that was removed.
It is especially important to avoid any serious knee injuries, such as torn ligaments or fractured bones, because arthritis can complicate knee injury treatment.
This is performed to realign the mandible (lower jaw) or maxilla (upper jaw) with the rest of the skull and/or teeth.
This is usually performed to correct skeletal malocclusions, that is discrepancies in tooth position that cannot be corrected by simple orthodontic movement, and realignment of the temporomandibular joints, or to correct facial deformities such as mandibular retrognathia.
Orthodontic braces may have to be worn pre- and post- operation to realign the teeth to match the newly realigned jaw.
As opposed to putting an implant on top of the chin bone to bring it forward, an alternative approach is to cut the chin bone itself and bring it forward or other directions as well.
It can also be used to lengthen the chin (which is more difficult with an implant) or to shorten or narrow a chin.
Also, there is usually temporary loss of feeling of the lip and chin after that takes several weeks to months for full return of sensation.
In veterinary medicine, osteotomies are frequently performed to address rupture of the canine cranial cruciate ligament, which is analogous to the anterior cruciate ligament.
The tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement are two of the most common osteotomy procedures performed in the United States.
Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees.
It can also occur when the bone tissue in the neck of the femur is softer than normal, causing it to bend under the weight of the body.
Paget's disease of bone), post-Perthes deformity, osteomyelitis, and post traumatic (due to improper healing of a fracture between the greater and lesser trochanter).
Shepherd's Crook deformity is a severe form of coxa vara where the proximal femur is severely deformed with a reduction in the neck shaft angle beyond 90 degrees.
This physis divides as growth continues in a balance that favors the capital epiphysis and creates a normal neck shaft angle (angle between the femoral shaft and the neck).
Another angle used for the measurement of coxa vara is the cervicofemoral angle which is approximately 35 degrees at infancy and increases to 45 degrees after maturity.
If there is a bilateral involvement the child might have a waddling gait or trendelenburg gait with an increased lumbar lordosis.
HE angle (Hilgenriener epiphyseal angle- angle subtended between a horizontal line connecting the triradiate cartilage and the epiphysis); normal angle is <30 degrees.
Presence at birth is extremely rare and associated with other congenital anomalies such as proximal femoral focal deficiency, fibular hemimelia or anomalies in other part of the body such as cleidocranial dyastosis.
Signs and symptoms of enteritis are highly variable and vary based on the specific cause and other factors such as individual variance and stage of disease.
Eosinophilic enteropathy – a condition where eosinophils build up in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, leading to polyp formation, necrosis, inflammation and ulcers.
The disease tends to be less severe in developing countries, due to the constant exposure which people have with the antigen in the environment, leading to early development of antibodies.
Rotavirus is responsible for infecting 140 million people and causing 1 million deaths each year, mostly in children younger than 5 years.
Risk factors for enteritis necroticans include decreased trypsin activity, which prevent intestinal degradation of the toxin, and reduced intestinal motility, which increases likelihood of toxin accumulation.
Ischemic enteritis is uncommon compared to ischemic colitis due to the highly vascularised nature of the small intestine, allowing for sufficient blood flow in most situations.
It develops due to circulatory shock of mesenteric vessels in the absence of major vessel occlusion, often associated with an underlying condition such as hypertension, arrhythmia or diabetes.
Ischemic damage can range from mucosal infarction, which is limited only to the mucosa; mural infarction of the mucosa and underlying submucosa; to transmural infarction of the full thickness of the gastrointestinal wall.
It is classified as early if it manifests within the first 3 months, and delayed if it manifests 3 months after treatment.
Early radiation enteritis is caused by cell death of the crypt epithelium and subsequent mucosal inflammation, however usually subsides after the course of radiation therapy is completed.
Delayed radiation enteritis is a chronic disease which has a complex pathogenesis involving changes in the majority of the intestinal wall.
However this is generally not the case, considering that many pathogens which cause enteritis may exhibit the similar symptoms, especially early in the disease.
A medical history, physical examination and tests such as blood counts, stool cultures, CT scans, MRIs, PCRs, colonoscopies and upper endoscopies may be used in order to perform a differential diagnosis.
In cases where symptoms persist or when it is more severe, specific treatments based on the initial cause may be required.
In cases where diarrhea is present, replenishing fluids lost is recommended, and in cases with prolonged or severe diarrhoea which persists, intravenous rehydration therapy or antibiotics may be required.
A simple oral rehydration therapy (ORS) can be made by dissolving one teaspoon of salt, eight teaspoons of sugar and the juice of an orange into one litre of clean water.
Studies have shown the efficacy of antibiotics in reducing the duration of the symptoms of infectious enteritis of bacterial origin, however antibiotic treatments are usually not required due to the self-limiting duration of infectious enteritis.
Wawona (formerly, Big Tree Station, Clark's Station, Clarks Station, Wah-wo-nah, and Clark's Ranch) is a census-designated place in Mariposa County, California.
Wawona is located entirely within Yosemite National Park, as it preceded the founding of the park as a national recreation area.
The number of inhabitants increases dramatically during peak tourist seasons, due to the large number of rental cabins in the town.
Galen Clark, who helped gain preservation legislation for Mariposa Grove and what became Yosemite National Park, occupied this area in 1855.
Clark sold the property to the Washburn brothers in 1874, who built a larger hotel in 1876, adding to it later.
The town is located on the south fork of the Merced River, at an elevation of approximately 4000 feet (1300 meters).
Wawona is the location of the historic Wawona Hotel, built by Washburn in 1876, with additional structures added into the early 20th century.
The racial makeup of Wawona was 138 (81.7%) White, 2 (1.2%) African American, 3 (1.8%) Native American, 4 (2.4%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 8 (4.7%) from other races, and 14 (8.3%) from two or more races.
The Census reported that 163 people (96.4% of the population) lived in households, 6 (3.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 71 households, out of which 16 (22.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 29 (40.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3 (4.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present.
26 households (36.6%) were made up of individuals and 2 (2.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The population was spread out with 32 people (18.9%) under the age of 18, 10 people (5.9%) aged 18 to 24, 46 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 66 people (39.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 15 people (8.9%) who were 65 years of age or older.
There were 370 housing units at an average density of 58.3 per square mile (22.5/km²), of which 22 (31.0%) were owner-occupied, and 49 (69.0%) were occupied by renters.
Born in Lymington, Hampshire, Blakiston was the son of Major John Blakiston, second son of Sir Matthew Blakiston, 2nd Baronet (see Blakiston baronets for earlier history of the family).
Blakiston died aged 58 of pneumonia in October 1891 while in San Diego, California and is buried in Greenlawn Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio.
Blakiston was the first person to notice that animals in Hokkaidō, Japan's northern island, were related to northern Asian species, whereas those on Honshū to the south were related to those from southern Asia.
Verapamil, sold under various trade names, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina (chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart), and supraventricular tachycardia.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
Use of verapamil is generally avoided in people with severe left ventricular dysfunction, hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg), cardiogenic shock, and hypersensitivity to verapamil.
Other side effects seen in less than 2% of the population include: edema, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, fatigue, elevated liver enzymes, shortness of breath, low heart rate, atrioventricular block, rash and flushing.
Plasma, serum, or blood concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil, its major active metabolite, may be measured to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to aid in the medicolegal investigation of fatalities.
Blood or plasma verapamil concentrations are usually in a range of 50–500 μg/l in persons on therapy with the drug, but may rise to 1–4 mg/l in acute overdose patients and are often at levels of 5–10 mg/l in fatal poisonings.
Since calcium channels are especially concentrated in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, these agents can be used to decrease impulse conduction through the AV node, thus protecting the ventricles from atrial tachyarrhythmias.
More than 90% of verapamil is absorbed when given orally, but due to high first-pass metabolism, bioavailability is much lower (10–35%).
It is metabolized in the liver to at least 12 inactive metabolites (though one metabolite, norverapamil, retains 20% of the vasodilating activity of the parent drug).
For this reason, when one wants to avoid taking valproic acid (which is high in teratogenicity) or lithium (which has a small but significant incidence of causing cardiac malformation), verapamil is usable as an alternative, albeit presumably a less effective one.
This is useful, as many tumor cell lines overexpress drug efflux pumps, limiting the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs or fluorescent tags.
It is also used in fluorescent cell sorting for DNA content, as it blocks efflux of a variety of DNA-binding fluorophores such as Hoechst 33342.
Charles-Irénée Castel, abbé de Saint-Pierre (18 February 1658 – 29 April 1743) was a French author whose ideas were novel for his times.
He was introduced by family connections into the salons of Madame de la Fayette and the Marquise de Lambert in Paris.
He was elected to the Académie française in 1695, although he had previously produced no notable work; his election was an episode in the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, Saint-Pierre being a clear representative of the latter.
Contrary to a widely believed opinion, it is not while working as a negotiator of the Treaty of Utrecht (1712–13) that he developed his project of universal peace.
As a consequence of his criticism of the policy of Louis XIV (d. 1715) he was expelled from the Académie later the same year.
In 1724, with Pierre-Joseph Alary he founded the Club de l'Entresol, an independent discussion group on the English model; the club was closed by Louis XV for political reasons in 1731.
He had a great influence on Rousseau, who left elaborate examinations of some of them, and was a forerunner of Kant's 1795 essay on perpetual peace.
His work on a European community directly inspired the idea of an international order based on the principle of collective self-defense, and was important to the creation of the Concert of Europe, and later the League of Nations, whose successor is the United Nations Organisation.
The Kraków Uprising of February 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence.
The uprising was primarily organized and supported by members of the Polish nobility and middle class, who desired the restoration of Polish independence after the 1795 partitions of Poland ended its existence as a sovereign state; there was also support for various political and social reforms (such as the demands for the emancipation of peasants and an end to serfdom).
The uprising was supposed to take place in other locations, but poor coordination and arrests by authorities broke many other cells, most notably in Greater Poland.
The uprising was also supported by some local peasants from the Free City and the miners of the Wieliczka salt mine.
Most of the uprising was limited to the Free City of Krakow, where its leaders included Jagiellonian University philosophy professor Michał Wiszniewski, and lecturer and lawyer Jan Tyssowski, who declared himself a dictator on 24 February (Tyssowski was assisted by radical democrat, acting as his secretary, Edward Dembowski, who according to some might have been the real leader of the revolutionary government).
On 27 September a struggle for power developed, and Wiszniewski, after a failed attempt to take power, was exiled by Tyssowski and Dembowski within a matter of hours.
The rebels suffered a defeat on 26 February at the Battle of Gdów and were quickly dispersed by von Benedek's forces.
The Polish commander, Colonel Adam Suchorzewski, was criticized for poor leadership, and for not taking sufficient precautions despite scout reports of an approaching enemy force.
The battle was very short, as the Polish forces collapsed almost immediately, with most of the infantry being either captured or killed by the peasants accompanying the Austrian forces.
The peasant counter-revolt, known as the Galician slaughter, was likely encouraged by the Austrian authorities, who exploited the peasants' dissatisfaction with the landowners.
It was ironic, as historian Eric Hobsbawm has noted, that the peasants turned their anger on the revolutionaries, whose ideals included the improvement of peasant situation.
Instead, most peasants trusted the Austrian officials, some of whom even promised the peasants to end serfdom and pay a stipend for their participation in the militia aimed at quashing the Polish noble insurgents.
In one village, when the rebels tried to persuade the peasants that they would be better off if the Austrians were expelled, the peasants replied that they were familiar with stories of landowner brutality under the Polish Commonwealth and that they were glad they could now complain to the Austrian emperor.
According to Judson, the Austrian military in fact had to intervene at one point to stop the violence and protect the rebels.
Others, such as Nance, Davies and Zamoyski however provide another account of his death; according to these sources he died on 27 February fighting the Austrian army, after a religious procession with which he attempted to quell the peasants was attacked.
Whatever the case, the government of Tyssowski surrendered, just nine days after taking power, and Kraków was occupied first by Russians (on 3 March), and soon afterward (perhaps on the same day), by the Austrians under Collin.
Tyssowski, who crossed the Prussian border with about 1,500 soldiers on 4 March, was interned, and later emigrated to the United States.
Subsequently, Kraków and its surrounding area were annexed to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a province of the Austrian Empire, with its capital at Lemberg (Lwów, Lviv).
The Uprising, and related events in partitioned Poland (namely the Greater Poland Uprising 1846 and the Galician slaughter), were widely discussed in the contemporary European press.
The fact that the peasantry supported the Austrians over a return to Polish rule was lost, with the rebels successfully claiming that the Austrians had effectively bought off the peasants and turned them against their national leaders.
The conservative Metternich also would struggle to openly admit that peasant violence was justifiable, even if it was in support of the Hapsburg Empire.
Nonetheless, in Austria, reforms were spurred by the Kraków Uprising of 1846 and the Spring of Nations in 1848, resulting in the abolishment of serfdom in 1848.
Prior to the revolutionary events of 1917, a large part of the region's élite population adopted a Little Russian identity that competed with the local Ukrainian identity.
After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, and with the amalgamation of Ukrainian territories into one administrative unit (the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic), the term started to recede from common use.
In a 1335 letter to Dietrich von Altenburg, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, he styled himself «dux totius Rusiæ Minoris».
According to Mykhaylo Hrushevsky, Little Rus' was the Halych-Volhynian Principality, after the downfall of which the name ceased to be used.
by influential cleric and writer Ioan Vyshensky (1600, 1608), Metropolitan Matthew of Kiev and All Rus' (1606), Bishop Ioann (Biretskoy) of Peremyshl, Metropolitan Isaiah (Kopinsky) of Kiev, Archimandrite Zacharias Kopystensky of Kiev Pechersk Lavra, etc.
The term was adopted in the 17th century by the Tsardom of Russia to refer to the Cossack Hetmanate of Left-bank Ukraine, when the latter fell under Russian protection after the Treaty of Pereyaslav (1654).
Innokentiy Gizel, Archimandrite of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, wrote that the Russian people were a union of three branches— Great Russia, Little Russia, and White Russia—under the sole legal authority of the Moscow Tsars.
The usage of the name was later broadened to apply loosely to the parts of Right-bank Ukraine when it was annexed by Russia at the end of the 18th century upon the partitions of Poland.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Russian Imperial administrative units known as the Little Russian Governorate and eponymous General Governorship were formed and existed for several decades before being split and renamed in subsequent administrative reforms.
It has continued to be used in Russian nationalist discourse, in which modern Ukrainians are presented as a single people in a united Russian nation.
The uncouth stage persona of popular Ukrainian singer and performer Andriy Mykhailovych Danylko is an embodiment of this stereotype; his Surzhyk-speaking drag persona Verka Serduchka has also been seen as perpetuating this demeaning image.
Danylko himself usually laughs off such criticism of his work, and many art critics argue that his success with the Ukrainian public is rooted in the unquestionable authenticity of his presentation.
Prilepin said in an interview that the rationale behind the proposed state was that the separatists no longer could be called such because they were now supporting a unified state.
The name is said to have come from the Greek , used by Byzantines for the northern part of the lands of Rus'.
Similarly, the terms Great Russian language (, ) and Great Russians (, ) were employed by ethnographers and linguists in the 19th century, but have since fallen out of use.
However, the area became, together with the Volga-Ural region, North Caucasus and Siberia, the Russian SFSR, while Little Russia and White Russia became the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR respectively.
The Forest Recreation Ground is an open space and recreation ground in Nottingham, England, approximately one mile north of the city centre.
This urban space is bounded by the neighbourhoods of Forest Fields to the north, Mapperley Park to the east, Arboretum to the south and Hyson Green to the west.
The site of the Forest was one of the original areas to be protected in perpetuity by the 1845 Nottingham Inclosure Act, which set aside some of Sherwood Forest for public recreational use.
It was home to Nottingham Racecourse by 1773, and it remained there until it moved to its current location at Colwick, south east of Nottingham, at the end of the 19th century.
This Grade II listed building was originally used as a Police or Keeper's Lodge and a police cell can still be seen at basement level.
The fair has existed since at least 1541, but it only moved to the Forest in 1928, from its previous long term home in the city's Old Market Square.
Other smaller travelling fairs and circuses take place on the recreation ground throughout the year, usually coinciding with local school holidays.
Certain parts of the Forest play host to relic meadow flora such as meadow foxtail, short-stemmed meadow-grass, Yorkshire fog, red clover, white clover, oxeye daisy, germander speedwell and meadow saxifrage.
With such an abundance of habitat, the Forest attracts many birds such as nuthatches, treecreepers, mistle thrushes, tawny owls, song thrushes, great spotted woodpeckers and chaffinches.
Nottingham Express Transit's Forest tram stop is adjacent to the car park, and provides frequent services to and from the city centre and other city locations.
Proposals for a recreation centre, to be built on the eastern fringes of the Forest, were rejected following public opposition to loss of green space.
As at summer 2008, the Forest was the subject of a public consultation to decide on regeneration priorities, to be funded by an expected Heritage Lottery Fund award.
For the last four years, Nottingham City Council and Nottingham's Partnership Council have worked on plans to restore the parkland to its former glory and to better serve the needs of today's park users.
The project is also backed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) and by local organisations such as Friends of the Forest.
The project encompassed: the restoration and refurbishment of the lodge (now office space) and the pavilion (which now houses a new café, public toilets and office space); the reparation and improvement of footpaths; replacement of park benches, improvements to access to sporting facilities; the amelioration of lighting and security; the expansion of planting areas; and the creation of higher-quality activity areas for young people.
Additionally, railings were erected, for example the new green-coloured metal fences next to the bus stop near the Forest's Mansfield Road entrance, as well as the custom panelled columns.
The final phase of the Forest project created a sports zone with new sports pitches and changing rooms, paid for by the Premier League, the Football Association and Sport England.
Work started on the sports zone in November 2014 and completed on 28 October 2015 with an opening event and the unveiling of a plaque in memory of local community activist Jim Taylor who was a driving force behind the project.
It supports efforts to maintain the Forest as an accessible, open, green space which has historic importance for the City of Nottingham.
Friends of the Forest has worked with Nottingham City Council to prioritise refurbishment and replanting, and to organise voluntary activities that benefit the Forest and increase local awareness of green issues.
William Richard (Rich) Stevens (February 5, 1951September 1, 1999) was a Northern Rhodesia-born American author of computer science books, in particular books on UNIX and TCP/IP.
He received a bachelor's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and both a master's degree (in 1978) and PhD (in 1982) in Systems Engineering from the University of Arizona.
He moved to Tucson in 1975 where he was employed at Kitt Peak National Observatory as a computer programmer until 1982.
Stevens also co-authored several IETF Request for Comments (RFC) documents informational documents for IPv6 updates to the Berkeley sockets API and a standards document for TCP congestion control.
A urokotori (Japanese: 鱗取 or うろことり, literally: Scale Remover) is a utensil used in Japanese cuisine to remove the scales from the skin of fish before cooking.
Alternatively, it is possible to remove the scales with a knife, but this is more difficult and there is a higher risk of cutting the skin of the fish, especially with small fishes; knife-scaling also risks cutting one's own hand.
The urokotori is pulled across the skin of the fish from the tail to the head repeatedly to remove the scales.
The city was the capital of Cavite province from the latter's establishment in 1614 until 1954, when it was transferred to the newly created city of Trece Martires near the center of the province.
It started as the small port town of Cavite Puerto that prospered during the early Spanish colonial period when it became the main seaport of Manila hosting the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade and the port used for other heavy and larger sea-bound ships.
The present larger Cavite City now includes the communities of San Antonio (includes Cañacao and Sangley Point), the southern districts of Santa Cruz and Dalahican, and the outlying islands of the province, including the historic Corregidor Island.
The early inhabitants of Cavite City were the Tagalogs ruled by the Kampilan and the bullhorn of a datu, the tribal form of government.
According to folklore, the earliest settlers came from Borneo, led by Gat Hinigiw and his wife Dayang Kaliwanag who bore seven children.
On May 16, 1571 the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi declared the region a royal encomienda, or royal land grant.
The wall and gate were also separated from the mainland by a moat, which also made the town like an island.
Like some other provinces during the Spanish era, the province adapted the name of its capital town [e.g., Bulacan, Bulacan; Tayabas, Tayabas (now Quezon province); Tarlac, Tarlac; Manila, Manila province ; Balayan, Balayan Province (now Batangas); Taal, Taal (now Batangas); and the present Batangas, Batangas].
At 1663, during the Spanish evacuation of Ternate, Indonesia, the 200 families of mixed Mexican-Filipino-Spanish and Papuan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent who had ruled over the Christianized Sultanate of Ternate and included their Sultan who converted, were relocated to Ternate, Cavite plus Ermita, Manila and San Roque, Cavite.
It was placed under the civil administration of Cavite Puerto until it was granted a right to be a separate and an independent municipality in 1720.
The Spanish Governor General Jose de la Gardana granted the petition of the people led by Don Justo Miranda to make barrio La Estanzuela an independent town.
As the town was progressing, it also became a cosmopolitan town that attracted the different religious orders to set up churches, convents and hospitals within the limited confines of the fortified town.
At the most, the fortified town enclosed eight churches, the Jesuit college of San Ildefonso, public buildings and residences, which served the needs of its population of natives, soldiers and workers at the port, transients and passengers on board the galleons.
Plazas and parks were evidence of importance, Plaza de Armas across from San Felipe Fort, Plaza de San Pedro across from the church and Plaza Soledad across from Porta Vaga, Plaza del Reparo was at the bayside.
Galleons and other heavy ocean-going ships were not able to enter the Port of Manila along Pasig River because of a sand bar that limits entrance to the river port only to light ships.
For this reason, the Port of Cavite was regarded as the Port of Manila, the main seaport of the capital city.
At the height of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, the Port of Cavite was the arrival and departure port of the Spanish galleons that brought many foreign travelers (Mostly Spaniards and Latinos) to its shores.
The narrow San Roque isthmus or causeway (now M. Valentino Street) connected Cavite Puerto to San Roque town, its only border town.
Problems with rising water and the encroaching waves that plagued Cavite Puerto since the beginning must have eroded the land into a narrow isthmus.
Control over the port was turned over to the Americans by Spain after the Treaty of Paris of 1898 at the turn of the 19th century.
In its implementation in 1903, the three separate pueblos of Cavite Puerto, San Roque and La Caridad were merged into one municipality, which was called the Municipality of Cavite.
By virtue of a legislative act promulgated by the First Philippine Assembly, Cavite was again made the capital of the province.
The Municipality of Cavite functioned as a civil government whose officials consisted of a Presidente Municipal, a Vice-Presidente Municipal and ten Consejales duly elected by the qualified voters of the municipality.
1748 annexing Corregidor and the islands of Caballo (Fort Hughes), La Monja, El Fraile (Fort Drum), Santa Amalia, Carabao (Fort Frank) and Limbones, as well as all waters and detached rocks surrounding them, to the Municipality of Cavite.
On December 10, 1941, two days after an attack that had destroyed American air defenses at Clark Field and three days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Imperial Forces destroyed Cavite Naval Base and bombed Cavite City.
The island was the site of two costly sieges and pitched battles—the first during the first months of 1942, and the second in January 1945—between the Imperial Japanese Army and the U.S. Army, along with its smaller subsidiary force, the Philippine Army.
In 1945 during the fight for the liberation of the country from Japanese hands, the US and Philippine Commonwealth military bombarded the Japanese forces stationed in the city, completely destroying the old historic port city of Cavite.
Only the bell tower of the Santa Monica Church of the Recollects and the two bastions of Fort San Felipe remain of the old city.
Upon approval into law on September 7, 1940, the executive function of the city was vested in a City Mayor appointed by the President of the Philippine Commonwealth.
The legislative body of the City of Cavite was vested on a Municipal Board composed of three electives, two appointive and two ex-officio councilors, the presiding officer of which is the City Mayor.
The city lost its status as capital in 1954 when Trece Martires was created in the central part of the province as a planned capital city.
The city is the northernmost settlement in the Province of Cavite, which lies southwest from Manila with a direct distance of about but about by road.
Sangley Point, the former location of the United States Sangley Point Naval Base, is the northernmost part of the city, peninsula and province.
The historic island of Corregidor, the adjacent islands and detached rocks of Caballo, Carabao, El Fraile and La Monja found at the mouth of Manila Bay are part of the city's territorial jurisdiction.
981, passed by the Congress of the Philippines in 1954, transferred the capital of the province from Cavite City to the newly established Trece Martires City.
By virtue of an amendment to the charter of Cavite City, the City Mayor, City Vice Mayor and eight councilors were elected by popular suffrage.
The present Cavite City Hall is built where the north tower end of the western wall was, which was already partly reclaimed by 1945.
Half of the old port city, including Fort San Felipe, is now occupied by Naval Base Cavite and is closed to the public.
The old historic core of Cavite is now part of the San Roque district of Cavite City and is referred today as either Fort San Felipe or Porta Vaga.
The former location of the Porta Vaga gate, the western wall and its towers are now occupied by the Governor Samonte Park.
According to 2000 census data, Christianity is the most prevalent religion in Cavite City, where a majority of Caviteños practice Roman Catholicism.
Other Christian religious groups in the city include the Aglipayan Church, Iglesia Ni Cristo (I.N.C), Jehovah's Witnesses, United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP), Jesus Is Lord Church (JIL), The United Methodist Church, Presbyterian Churches, Baptists and Bible Fundamental churches, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Members Church of God International or Ang Dating Daan and other UPC churches.
The Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga (Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga) is the patroness of Cavite City.
She is revered by Catholics as the Celestial Guardian and Protector of the entire Province of Cavite since her arrival in Cavite shore.
Mary, garbed in black and white attire, seems to be on her knees as she contemplates the passion of her son.
During this period, the people that lived near the military arsenal in Cavite City put themselves in contact with the Spaniards and Mexicans and began to incorporate in their own dialect many Spanish words, which then gave birth to the creole.
Today, Chabacano is generally considered to be dying with only a fraction of the people, mostly elderly, able to speak the language.
According to the Philippine professor, Alfredo B. German who wrote a thesis on the grammar in Chabacano dialect, the present conditions no longer favor the disenrolment of the same one.
There are many probable reasons for the diminishing of Chabacano, among these being the massive arrival of Tagalog-speaking migrants to the city of Cavite, and intermarriage.
The city is home to the Annual Cavite City Water Festival or Regada, held every 17th and 24th day of June.
Another celebration is the Feast for the Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga, which is annually observed by local Catholics during every second Sunday of November.
The city's Charter Day, known locally as simply Cavite City Day, which commemorates the signing of the city charter in 1940, is held every September 7.
The only road connecting Cavite City to the rest of Luzon is the National Route 62, which begins at P. Burgos Avenue in Caridad district and continues towards Noveleta as the Manila–Cavite Road (not to be confused with Manila-Cavite Expressway).
A proposal to construct an expressway from Kawit to Cavite City via Bacoor Bay has been raised to the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).
It was formerly a US Naval Base, called Naval Station Sangley Point, until it was turned over to the Philippine government in 1971.
There are proposals to convert the base into a civilian airport, as a solution to the overcrowding of Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
A new service from the Intramuros district of Manila to the nearby town of Noveleta to the south debuted in January 2018 and is currently the nearest water-based transport to the city.
On November 3, 1993, the National Historical Institute and the president, through the Department of Interior and Local Government issued a Certificate of Registration recognizing the new seal.
The inclusion of the rays portrays the role of Cavite as one of the original provinces that rose up in arms against Spanish domination in 1896 in the Philippine Revolution.
The white triangle inscribed within the shield with the letters KKK at the corners represents the part played by The city in the organization of the Katipunan.
The flag of the city created by Mayor Timoteo O. Encarnacion, Jr. and was adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod through Resolution No.
Leslie Ferdinand MBE (born 8 December 1966) is an English former footballer and current football coach and Director of Football at his former club Queens Park Rangers.
A former striker, his playing career included spells at Queens Park Rangers, Beşiktaş, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers, Reading and Watford during which period he earned 17 caps for England.
On 5 November 2008 Ferdinand joined fellow ex-Tottenham player Tim Sherwood on the coaching staff of Tottenham Hotspur, to work with the strikers.
Ferdinand started his career in non-league football, first at AEL (a KOPA Cypriot team in England) then to Southall then moving to Hayes.
Ferdinand made his QPR debut on 20 April 1987, aged 20, as a substitute in the 4–0 league defeat by Coventry City at Highfield Road – the first of two league appearances that season.
In 1988, he was loaned to Turkish side Beşiktaş for a season, and performed well with 14 goals in 24 games.
He returned to the QPR side for the 1989–90 season, and appeared in nine First Division matches as well as scoring his first two English league goals.
He fared better in 1990–91, playing in 18 league games and scoring eight goals as QPR ended up in a mid-table position.
His 10 goals from 23 games in 1991–92 helped ensure QPR's status as founder members of the new FA Premier League for the 1992–93 season, and it was during this campaign that he established himself as a top striker, scoring 20 goals in 37 games as QPR finished fifth — the highest placed of all the London sides.
Despite mounting speculation of a move to either Manchester United or Arsenal, he signed a two-year contract with QPR that summer.
In 1994–95, he scored 24 times in the Premier League and speculation grew that he would soon be on his way to a bigger club.
In nearly a decade at Loftus Road, he played under four different managers – Jim Smith, Trevor Francis, Don Howe and Gerry Francis.
His arrival at the club came nearly three years after the Magpies had offered QPR £3.3million for him during their Division One promotion season — but the offer had been turned down.
He scored 29 goals in his first season with Newcastle, and significantly contributed to the side's getting within touching distance of the Premiership title in the 1995–96 season.
Newcastle led the league by 12 points at one stage, but were overhauled by Manchester United in the final three months of the season.
In the second season, they contested a four-horse race with Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool before Manchester United won the title.
Ferdinand received a standing ovation when he returned to St. James' Park as a Tottenham player, trying to put Alan Shearer's number 9 shirt on to complete a lap of honour, he broke down in tears and could only manage to put the shirt on inside out and back to front before being helped from the field.
Ferdinand returned again, when he also received a standing ovation, coming on as a substitute at Alan Shearer's testimonial and subsequently scored.
Injuries heavily disrupted his first season at the club, but towards the end of the campaign he formed a good partnership with Jürgen Klinsmann, and the pair's goals saved Spurs from relegation from the Premiership.
Ferdinand helped Spurs win the League Cup in 1999, defeating Leicester City 1–0 in the final at Wembley, but injuries restricted him to just 12 goals in his first three seasons at the club.
He played in a second League Cup final for the club, against Blackburn Rovers, but was thwarted by three saves by Rovers' goalkeeper Brad Friedel as Spurs lost 2–1.
In January 2003, he moved to West Ham United, and scored his first goal for the club against former club Tottenham, but was unable to prevent the club's relegation from the Premier League and opted to remain in the top flight by signing for newly promoted Leicester City on a free transfer.
Ferdinand memorably scored for Bolton Wanderers against rivals Manchester United in the last minute, despite playing from a centre back position, which looked to have given the Wanderers the win, but a goal from David Bellion even deeper in injury time gave United a point.
He found opportunities from the start limited, but proved useful for all his experience when coming off the substitutes` bench, and scored against former club Tottenham in the League Cup, with what proved to be a mere consolation goal in a 4–3 thriller which Bolton lost.
Ferdinand committed to non-contract terms with Watford during the 2005–06, but did not play a competitive game for the club and left after their promotion to the Premier League via the Football League Championship playoffs.
Ferdinand made his England debut in February 1993 against San Marino, scoring the final goal in a 6–0 victory at Wembley.
The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory (), more commonly known as either the Free City of Cracow or Republic of Cracow (, ), was a city republic created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which included the city of Kraków and its surrounding areas.
It was jointly controlled by its three neighbours (Russia, Prussia, and Austria), and was a centre of agitation for an independent Poland.
In 1846, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Kraków Uprising, the Free City of Cracow was annexed by the Austrian Empire.
The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were Catholics, 14% were Jews while other religions comprised less than 1%.
During the November Uprising of 1830–31, Kraków was a base for the smuggling of arms into the Russian-controlled Kingdom of Poland.
After the unsuccessful Kraków uprising of 1846, the Free City was annexed by Austria on November 16, 1846 as the Grand Duchy of Cracow.
The Free City of Cracow was created from the southwest part of the Duchy of Warsaw (part of the former Kraków Department on the left bank of the Vistula river).
It comprised the city of Kraków and its environs; the other settlements in the area administered by the Free City included 224 villages and three towns (Chrzanów, Trzebinia and Nowa Góra).
As such, it became one of the European centres of economic liberalism and supporters of laissez-faire, attracting new enterprises and immigrants, which resulted in impressive growth of the city.
Weavers from Prussian Silesia had often used the Free City as a contraband outlet to avoid tariff barriers along the borders of Austria and the Kingdom of Poland, but with Austria's annexation of the Free City came a significant drop in Prussian textile exports.
In 1833, in the aftermath of the November Uprising and the foiled plan by some Polish activists to start an uprising in Kraków, the partitioning powers issued a new, much more restrictive constitution: the number of senators and deputies was lowered and their competences limited, while the commissars of the partitioning powers had their competences expanded.
In 1835 a secret treaty between the three partitioning powers presented a plan in which in case of additional Polish unrest, Austria was given the right to occupy and annex the city.
In 1836 the local police force was disbanded and replaced by Austrian police; in 1837 the partitioning powers curtailed the competences of the local courts which refused to bow down to their demands.
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His expeditions included the lower Pechora River in 1875 along with John Alexander Harvie-Brown as well as a visit to Heligoland at the home of Heinrich Gätke.
In 1891 the resignation of Henri Edouard Bocher from the administration of the Orleans estates led to the appointment of d'Haussonville as accredited representative of the comte de Paris in France.
He at once set to work to strengthen the Orleanist party by recruiting from the smaller nobility the officials of the local monarchical committees.
He established new Orleanist organs, and sent out lecturers with instructions to emphasize the modern and democratic principles of the comte de Paris; hut the prospects of the party were dashed in 1894 by the death of the comte de Paris.
Warhol superstars were a clique of New York City personalities promoted by the pop artist Andy Warhol during the 1960s and early 1970s.
Warhol's philosophies of art and celebrity met in a way that imitated the Hollywood studio system at its height in the 1930s and 1940s.
Warhol's studio, The Factory, played host to most of his superstars and as his experiments in film continued he became more interested in the bohemian eccentrics attracted to the studio.
Some of the most important superstars to emerge from the period of the first Factory (known as the 'Silver Factory' because silver foil had been applied to the walls and ceilings) include Paul America, Ondine, Taylor Mead, Rolando Peña, Mary Woronov, Eric Emerson, Gerard Malanga, Billy Name, Brigid Berlin and Sappheo.
In the later films, made in collaboration with Paul Morrissey, Warhol brought in new superstars including Joe Dallesandro, Penny Arcade, Andrea Feldman, Jane Forth, Geraldine Smith, Luke Wienecke and Sylvia Miles.
During this period Warhol developed an increasing fascination with trans women and drag queens, and promoted Candy Darling, Holly Woodlawn and Jackie Curtis to superstar status.
It flows north to Sumnal (15,540 ft), then turns sharply eastwards (skirting just north of the Soda Plains of Aksai Chin) until just beyond Palong Karpo, when it turns sharply northwestwards, and crosses into Xinjiang proper.
The river then turns sharply northeastwards again near Xaidulla, and, after passing through Ali Nazar crosses the Kunlun mountain range near the Suget or Sanju Pass.
It passes by east of Khotan, running parallel to the Yurungkash River, which it joins near Koxlax (some 200 km north of Khotan, ).
The Karakash River is famous for its white and greenish jade (nephrite) carried as river boulders and pebbles toward Khotan, as does the nearby Yurungkash (or 'White Jade') River.
This river jade originates from eroded mountain deposits of which the most famous one is near Gulbashen, in southwestern Xinjiang (formerly Chinese Turkestan).
The Karakash Valley was also a caravan road for the north-south trade between Yarkand (China) and Leh over the Karakoram Pass in Leh District of Ladakh.
He was the president of an association formed to provide new homes in Algeria for the inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine who elected to retain their French nationality.
In 1878 he was made a life-senator, in which capacity he allied himself with the Right Centre in defence of the religious associations against the anti-clericals.
The department of Alibori was created in 1999 when it was split off from Borgou Department and is named after the Alibori River.
Alibori borders Niger to the north, Nigeria to the east, Borgou Department to the south, Atakora Department to the west, and Burkina Faso to the north-west.
The northeast plains slope down to the valley of the Niger River which, along with the Mékrou River, forms the border with Niger.
The northern regions of Benin, in general, receives one season of rainfall from May to September, compared to the southern regions which receive two spells from March to July and September to November.
The proportion of households with no level of education was 83.70% and the proportion of households with children attending school was 23.00%.
Alibori is subdivided into six communes, each centered at one of the principal towns: Banikoara, Gogounou, Kandi, Karimama, Malanville and Ségbana.
Founded in 1819 as Cincinnati College, it is the oldest institution of higher education in Cincinnati and has an annual enrollment of over 44,000 students, making it the second largest university in Ohio.
William Lytle of the Lytle family donated the land, funded the Cincinnati College and Law College, and served as its first president.
In 1858, Charles McMicken died of pneumonia and in his will he allocated most of his estate to the City of Cincinnati to found a university.
The University of Cincinnati was chartered by the Ohio legislature in 1870 after delays by livestock and veal lobbyists angered by the liberal arts-centered curriculum and lack of agricultural and manufacturing emphasis.
By 1893, the university expanded beyond its primary location on Clifton Avenue and relocated to its present location in the Heights neighborhood.
As the university expanded, the rectors merged the institution with Cincinnati Law School, establishing the University of Cincinnati College of Law.
In 1896, the Ohio Medical College joined Miami Medical College to form the Ohio-Miami Medical Department of the University of Cincinnati in 1909.
As political movements for temperance and suffrage grew, the university established Teacher's College in 1905 and a Graduate School in the College of Arts and Sciences in 1906.
Over this time, the university invested nearly $2 billion in campus construction, renovation, and expansion ranging from the student union to a new recreation center to the medical school.
Upon her inauguration in 2005, President Nancy L. Zimpher developed the UC|21 plan, designed to redefine Cincinnati as a leading urban research university.
His presidency expanded the accreditation and property of the institution to regions throughout Ohio to compete with private and specialized state institutions, such as Ohio State University.
He focused on the academic master plan for the university, placing the academic programs of UC at the core of the strategic plan.
The university invested in scholarships, funding for study abroad experiences, the university's advising program as it worked to reaffirm its history and academy for the future.
Officer Tensing was indicted for murder and the university reached a settlement of over $5 million with the Dubose family although Judge Leslie Ghiz declared a second mistrial on the case.
In recent years, the university has received attention from architects and campus planners as one of the most beautiful in the world.
In recent years the University of Cincinnati has made significant strides to include more green initiatives and encourage sustainability among students, faculty, and staff.
UC was the only public university in Ohio and the only university in the Southern Ohio region included on this list.
In 2007, former university president Nancy Zimpher signed the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment, which confirms the university's dedication to reducing its environmental impact and take the necessary steps to become climate neutral.
As a continued effort to go green, a chilled water thermal energy storage tank was placed under the fields and at night water is chilled and then used to air-condition buildings on campus.
This expansion of recycling efforts and receptacles provides a greater opportunity for students, staff, and visitors to participate in recycling a broader range of materials.
The student group Environmental Students for Activism Volunteering and Education, or E-SAVE, launched the first environmental sustainability campus campaign in 2000–2002.
The program generally consists of alternating semesters of coursework on campus and outside work at a host firm, giving students over one year of relevant work experience by the time they graduate.
All programs in the College of Engineering and Applied Science, Architecture and all design programs in the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning, and Information Technology in the College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, require co-operative education experience to graduate.
The center performs a variety of surveys and polls on public opinion throughout Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana, primarily through telephone surveys.
Each year UC welcomes roughly 375 students to the University Honors Program and usually includes the top 5%-8% of students that apply to UC each year.
Students admitted into the Honors program typically meet the following qualifications: an ACT composite score of 32 or higher; an SAT score of 1400 or higher (critical reading and math combined); an unweighted high school GPA of 3.6; or a weighted high school GPA of 3.8.
Experiences could take the form of Honors Seminars, which are certain three credit-hour courses, Pre-Approved Experiences, which consist of programs the Honors Program has already deemed to meet the requirements of an experience, and Self-Designed Experiences, where students design their own experience plan to submit to the Honors Program for approval.
One of many notable examples is the archaeological work in Cyprus (at Maroni-Vournes—involving British Museum) by a team from the university, has been going on for several years, including 2010.
The Ohio Centers of Excellence were designed to recognize the extensive research at universities in Ohio and encourage the development of new technologies and techniques to help retain and create Ohio jobs.
They were previously members of the Big East Conference, Conference USA (of which they were a founding member), the Great Midwest Conference, the Metro Conference, and the Mid-American Conference, among others.
Charles Keating won the 1946 200-meter butterfly national title for UC as a member of the men's swimming team, and, most recently, Josh Schneider did the same in the freestyle in 2010.
In women's diving, Pat Evans (3 m dive – 1989) and Becky Ruehl (10 m dive – 1996) have brought home titles for the Bearcats.
They remain one of the top dance programs in the country and are the winningest team in University of Cincinnati history.
In 2009 the dance team was also selected to represent the United States of America in the first ever world dance championships where they won the gold medal in all three dance categories.
Notable athletics alumni include Baseball Hall of Famers Sandy Koufax and Miller Huggins; Basketball Hall of Famers Oscar Robertson and Jack Twyman; All Star first baseman Kevin Youkilis; FC Cincinnati forward Omar Cummings; Brooklyn Nets guard Sean Kilpatrick; New York Knicks forward Kenyon Martin; Olympic gold medalist track and field athlete Mary Wineberg; and tennis great Tony Trabert.
All of the athletic facilities (with the exception of Fifth Third Arena and Marge Schott Stadium) are open 24/7 for student use.
This collaboration between UC colleges, academic programs, and student groups allow freshman to continue the transition from high school to college.
The program is designed to help freshmen and their faculty to develop relationships that will continue and grow throughout their time at the University of Cincinnati.
These are diverse groups of students and faculty in which 20–25 students have at least two classes together throughout their first year on campus.
They are offered in the following colleges: College of Allied Health Sciences, College of Business, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, College of Engineering & Applied Sciences, College of Nursing, and the McMicken College of Arts & Sciences.
The Transition and Access Program, which does not lead to a degree, allows certain disabled adults to take classes, interact with other students, and intern at companies.
Student Activities & Leadership Development (SALD) oversees over 550 registered student organizations ranging from student government to religious organizations to spirit groups.
Housed in the Steger Student Life Center, the divisions overseeing these groups include Club Sports Board, Diversity Education, Greek Life, Leadership Development, Programming, RAPP, and Student Government.
Other Student Life Offices on campus include the African American Cultural & Resource Center, Bearcat Bands (the largest and oldest student group at UC), Early Learning Center, Ethnic Programs & Services, University Judicial Affairs, Resident Education & Development, Wellness Center, and Women's Center.
The University of Cincinnati was one of the first universities in the country to be classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as a Community Engagement focused university and was one of only 35 research universities on this list.
It is an independent, student-run newspaper and not attached to any academic program and therefore any student, regardless of program, is able to apply and work for the newspaper.
Notable speakers and filmmakers are known to kick off the event including Fraser Kershaw, as well as guest speakers and artists from Kenyatta University in Nairobi, Kenya.
In recent years, record freshman classes and increased interest by upperclass students has led to higher demand than supply for on-campus residence halls.
To meet this demand, UC Housing and Food Services has added residence halls (Morgens Hall in 2013) and purchased block leases at University Park Apartments, Campus Park Apartments (formerly Sterling Manor), University Edge Apartments, and Stetson Square Apartments near campus.
All leases in the Stratford Heights housing area have been terminated, and control of the housing complex reverted to University control as a residence hall in the summer of 2009.
In this analysis, the nominal rate is the stated rate, and the real interest rate is the interest after the expected losses due to inflation.
For example, a nominal annual interest rate of 12% based on monthly compounding means a 1% interest rate per month (compounded).
A nominal interest rate for compounding periods less than a year is always lower than the equivalent rate with annual compounding (this immediately follows from elementary algebraic manipulations of the formula for compound interest).
Although some conventions are used where the compounding frequency is understood, consumers in particular may fail to understand the importance of knowing the effective rate.
In many cases, depending on local regulations, interest rates as quoted by lenders and in advertisements are based on nominal, not effective interest rates, and hence may understate the interest rate compared to the equivalent effective annual rate.
To avoid confusion about the term nominal which has these different meanings, some finance textbooks use the term 'Annualised Percentage Rate' or APR rather than 'nominal rate' when they are discussing the difference between effective rates and APR's.
For a loan of $10,000 (paid at the end of the year in a single lump sum), the borrower would pay $51.56 more than one who was charged 10% interest, compounded annually.
The site south of the square is taken up by the cultural centre Kulturhuset, which also harbours the Stockholm City Theatre and hides the Bank of Sweden headquarters facing the square Brunkebergstorg behind.
Together with the underground mall east of the pedestrian plaza and the T-Centralen metro station and other continuous underpasses west thereof, Sergels torg forms part of a continuous underground structure almost a kilometre in length.
It has, among some quarters, become the main target for criticism of the much debated demolition of the central city district of Klara during the 1950s and 1960s.
Nevertheless, it is not dissimilar to but larger than the public space in front of Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and much like its French counterpart remains the most popular space in Stockholm for meeting friends, for political demonstrations, for a wide range of events, and for drug-dealers.
Before the creation of Sergels torg, Brunkebergstorg was the most important public space in the area, the hub about which traffic revolved, the place where people would go to work and to find entertainment.
Albert Lilienberg was appointed city-planning superintendent in 1927, and a year later he produced the first proposal for a public square on the location in his general plan of 1928.
In his proposal he envisioned a square whose north-south oriented axis would line-up with Sveavägen intended to be extended south across the square down to the waterfront with widened Hamngatan and Klarabergsgatan joining in from west and east.
After this first proposal, the square is featured on every subsequent city plan produced for the area, with alternations in width and length.
Notwithstanding the considerable number of revised proposals produced, surprisingly few were preoccupied by architectonic considerations, instead focusing on optimization of traffic flow.
In this proposal, the square was centred on a rectangular open space furnished with trees, benches, and ponds; a space reached by subways stretching under the surrounding roundabout.
During the 1950s, continuously increasing traffic loads made separating pedestrians and car traffic desirable, and several studies produced around 1955 focused on a lower level for pedestrians with cars on street-level with various openings to allow light down to the pedestrians.
In 1957, a first official proposal presented a square virtually similar to the present; except that instead of the fountain there was an opening with tall trees and on the western side, where the flight of stairs is today, was a building standing on pillars.
The Chamber of Commerce was critical of the concept, concluding pedestrians on a lower level would produce poor business sites, an analysis which would eventually prove correct.
Their own proposal the following year, developed together with various authorities, reserved street-level to pedestrians while cars were confined below ground.
This counter-proposal was however produced in only two months, which made it easy for opponents to pin-down its weaknesses (mostly a failure to leave enough space for the metro which was being constructed at this time).
Nevertheless, Helldén's proposal failed to impress the city as well, and Helldén together with other hand-picked experts was therefore sent on a tour around Europe, including Coventry and London, to find a better solution.
Before presenting his final proposal in 1960, Helldén added the triangular pattern to the pedestrian plaza and the wide stairs on its western side.
The artist favoured by Helldén, Olle Baertling, started to work on a sculpture for the square in 1960 but never was invited to participate in the contest.
South of the square, intentions were to erect two buildings separated by a street leading to Brunkebergstorg, but the old buildings south of the square turned their gables towards the modernist composition of Helldén throughout most of the 1960s.
A contest in 1965 for this area included a cultural centre proposed by Pontus Hultén, the legendary founder of Moderna Museet who wished to see his museum relocated from the isolated island Skeppsholmen.
However, considering Stockholm's northern location, to give the sun full access to public spaces is top priority, and Kulturhuset has proven a problematic wall which not only shuts the sun off, but also tends to dominate the square with its large volume.
Together with the traffic structure at Slussen, built in the 1930s, Sergels torg is thus an attempt with few parallels in the world, to make public art of a traffic junction dominating the central district of a city.
Since the mid-1990s, countless proposals to rebuild the square has been produced, and the debate regarding the square is likely to continue.
Photo-snipers are prevalent, attempting to get the first spy-shots of new models, though their activities are frowned upon by local hoteliers who value the custom of the manufacturers.
The same manufacturers frequently use the location for winter launches, bringing journalists from across the world to drive the new cars on snow-covered roads and on courses specially prepared on frozen lakes.
Although the subarctic climate of the region is very cold, it has considerably milder winters than normally expected for an inland northerly area, due to its proximity to the warm North Atlantic Current.
The sisters were Leota Lane (October 25, 1903 – July 25, 1963), Lola Lane (May 21, 1906 – June 22, 1981), Rosemary Lane (April 4, 1913 – November 25, 1974) and Priscilla Lane (June 12, 1915 – April 4, 1995).
Leota did not find the same success as her sisters and left Hollywood for New York City before the sisters' breakthrough.
The four sisters, Leotabel (Leota), Dorothy (Lola), Rosemary and Priscilla, were from a family of five daughters born to Dr. Lorenzo A. Mullican and his wife, Cora Bell Hicks.
The first three children had been born in Macy, Indiana, but the family moved in 1907 to Indianola, Iowa, a small college town south of Des Moines.
The Mullicans owned a large house with 22 rooms, some of which they rented out to students attending nearby Simpson College.
Before marrying, Cora Bell Hicks had been a reporter with a local newspaper in Macy, and had originally harbored acting ambitions herself, but was frustrated by the strict religious beliefs of her Methodist parents who frowned on any form of public entertainment.
All the girls were fond of music, and at one time or another studied music in night classes at Simpson College in Indianola.
Rosemary, a member of the National Honor Society, graduated from Indianola High in 1931 and attended Simpson College for a while, playing on the freshman basketball team.
After graduating from high school, Priscilla was permitted to travel to New York to visit Leota who was then appearing in a musical revue in Manhattan.
At this time talent agent Al Altman saw Priscilla performing in one of Fagen's school plays and invited her to screentest for MGM.
It was while the girls were trying out numbers at a music publishing office that Fred Waring, an orchestra leader, heard them harmonizing.
The publicity department at the studio suggested that Priscilla and Morris be seen together around town; they liked each other and did date for a period; however, Priscilla later said it was never serious on either side.
Again she played opposite Wayne Morris, and among the cast were such newcomers as Ronald Reagan, Jane Wyman, Jane Bryan, and Eddie Albert.
The story concerned a girl, the daughter of a feminist and one time suffragette, who decides to spend a weekend alone with her fiancé, played by Jeffrey Lynn.
The premise of the film in which an unmarried couple spent a weekend together unchaperoned was roundly criticized and was banned in some parts of the United States.
Although the story was different, it also covered the lives and loves of four sisters, and proved to be another hit with the public.
A major box office hit, Priscilla was shown to advantage as a night club singer, who marries lawyer Jeffrey Lynn, but is lusted after by gangster Cagney.
At this point, Priscilla was earning $750 a week, a fantastic salary for the Depression era, but puny compared to the salaries of other studio stars.
After winning her raise, Priscilla returned to work, but the films assigned to her were no better than those she had turned down.
They went on to say Priscilla had great charm and while not a really great dramatic actress, deserved much larger and more important roles than she was getting.
The same magazine, two years later on August 22, 1942, referred to their 1940 article and once again expressed disappointment at Warners' treatment of the star.
The hit comedy film was completed in early 1942, but was not released until 1944, held up by contractual agreement not to distribute the film until the play's long Broadway run was over.
Universal insisted that they play the leads, and when the film was released, Priscilla's acting was praised while some criticism was focused on Hitchcock for reworking so much from his earlier films into this wartime spy drama.
For the duration of the war, she followed her husband across America as he moved from one military base to another.
BedZED was designed by the architect Bill Dunster to be carbon neutral, protecting the environment and supporting a more sustainable lifestyle.
The project was led by the Peabody Trust in partnership with Bill Dunster Architects, Ellis & Moore Consulting Engineers, BioRegional, Arup and the cost consultants Gardiner and Theobald.
The project was also pioneering by being the first construction project where a local authority sold land at below market value to make sustainable development economically viable.
As part of BedZED's eco friendly low-energy-emission concept, cars are discouraged; the project encourages public transport, cycling and walking, and has limited parking space.
The results show that the average ecological footprint of a BedZED resident is 4.67 global hectares (2.6 planets), which is 89% of the baseline.
He was a Quebec Conservative Party leader, but never Premier (his party lost the 1912 election, and Lomer Gouin became Premier of Quebec) .
He was in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1916, as a Member for the riding of Joliette .
After his studies at Université Laval, he was admitted to the Barreau du Quebec and he practiced law for over 15 years.
Sir Joseph-Mathias Tellier is the brother of Louis Tellier, the father of Maurice Tellier, the grandfather of Paul Tellier, and a first cousin of Raymond Tellier, who is the grandfather of Luc-Normand Tellier.
The culture was highly stratified, as jade, silk, ivory and lacquer artifacts were found exclusively in elite burials, while pottery was more commonly found in the burial plots of poorer individuals.
This division of class indicates that the Liangzhu period was an early state, symbolized by the clear distinction drawn between social classes in funeral structures.
A pan-regional urban center had emerged at the Liangzhu city-site and elite groups from this site presided over the local centers.
The Liangzhu culture was extremely influential and its sphere of influence reached as far north as Shanxi and as far south as Guangdong.
A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains shows high frequencies of Haplogroup O1 in Liangzhu culture linking this culture to modern Austronesian and Tai-Kadai populations.
The Liangzhu Culture entered its prime about 4000 ~ 5000 years ago, but suddenly disappeared from the Taihu Lake area about 4200 years ago when it reached the peak.
This led researchers to conclude the demise of the Liangzhu culture was brought about by extreme environmental changes such as floods, as the cultural layers are usually interrupted by muddy or marshy and sandy–gravelly layers with buried paleo trees.
Some evidence suggests that the Taihu lake was formed as an impact crater only 4500 years ago, which could help explain the disappearance of the Liangzhu culture.
The Liangzhu Ancient City is located in a wetland environment on the plain of river networks between Daxiong Mountain and Dazhe Mountain of the Tianmu Mountain Range.
At its center was a palace site that spanned 30 hectares and there was also evidence of an artificial flood protection design implemented within the city.
Outside of the walled area, remains are found for 700 hectares, the residences are said to be built in an urban planning system.
Also discovered inside and outside the city are a large number of utensils for production, living, military and ritual purposes represented by numerous delicate Liangzhu jade wares of cultural profoundness; the remains including city walls, foundations of large structures, tombs, altars, residences, docks and workshops.
The Liangzhu city-site is said to have been settled and developed with a specific purpose in mind since this area has very few remains that can be traced back to earlier periods.
A Liangzhu site has provided the remains of a wooden pier and an embankment thought to have been used for protection against floods.
Houses were raised on wood also to help against flooding, although houses on higher ground included semi-subterranean houses with thatched roofs.
These artifacts are also common in later neolithic Southeast Asia and the technological and economic toolkits of these societies possibly developed in the neolithic Yangtze River area.
Similarities between Liangchengzhen, the largest Dawenkou site, pottery making process and that of the Liangzhu were noted, which led researchers to believe there was communication between the two cultures.
The Guangfulin site showed influence from more northern cultures but also had pottery practices very similar to that of the typical Liangzhu sites.
The techniques they used generated results that are said to be difficult to replicate even with modern technology.This is the earliest known use of diamond tools worldwide, thousands of years earlier than the gem is known to have been used elsewhere.
Many Liangzhu jade artefacts had a white milky bone-like aspect due to its tremolite rock origin and influence of water-based fluids at the burial sites, although jade made from actinolite and serpentine were also commonly found.
Most of Liangzhu's contemporaries have some jades, but 90 per cent of all the cong and bi jades recovered, and by far the best in quality, are from Liangzhu sites.
Liangzhu jade work is also said to have had a lasting influence on ritual objects in later periods of Chinese culture.
However, the Liangzhu elites at the ancient city communicated and exchanged goods with elites from other parts of the Liangzhu world (and also in other regions of Longshan-era China) and set the criteria of what jade should look like.
A neolithic altar from the Liangzhu culture, excavated at Yaoshan in Zhejiang, demonstrates that religious structures were elaborate and made of carefully positioned piles of stones and rock walls: this indicates that religion was of considerable importance.
A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of Haplogroup O1 (Y-DNA) in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples.
The authors of the study suggest that this may be evidence of two different human migration routes during the peopling of Eastern Asia, one coastal and the other inland, with little genetic flow between them.
Cherry pit spitting is the act of spitting, or ejecting, the pit (the seed) of a cherry from one's mouth with great speed so as to send the pit a great distance.
The pit of a cherry, is very small, about the size of a front tooth, and is very slippery when first removed from the cherry, making it easy to spit.
90377 Sedna, or simply Sedna, is a large planetoid in the outer reaches of the Solar System that was, , at a distance of about from the Sun, about three times as far as Neptune.
Spectroscopy has revealed that Sedna's surface composition is similar to those of some other trans-Neptunian objects, being largely a mixture of water, methane, and nitrogen ices with tholins.
For most of its orbit, it is even farther from the Sun than at present, with its aphelion estimated at 937 AU (31 times Neptune's distance), making it one of the most distant-known objects in the Solar System other than long-period comets.
Sedna has an exceptionally long and elongated orbit, taking approximately 11,400 years to complete and a distant point of closest approach to the Sun at 76 AU.
The Minor Planet Center currently places Sedna in the scattered disc, a group of objects sent into highly elongated orbits by the gravitational influence of Neptune.
This classification has been contested because its perihelion is too large for it to have been scattered by a known planet, leading some astronomers to informally refer to it as the first known member of the inner Oort cloud.
Others speculate that it might have been tugged into its current orbit by a passing star, perhaps one within the Sun's birth cluster (an open cluster), or even that it was captured from another star system.
Astronomer Michael E. Brown, co-discoverer of Sedna and the dwarf planets , , and , thinks that it is the most scientifically important trans-Neptunian object found to date, because understanding its unusual orbit is likely to yield valuable information about the origin and early evolution of the Solar System.
Sedna (provisionally designated ) was discovered by Michael Brown (Caltech), Chad Trujillo (Gemini Observatory), and David Rabinowitz (Yale University) on 14 November 2003.
The discovery formed part of a survey begun in 2001 with the Samuel Oschin telescope at Palomar Observatory near San Diego, California using Yale's 160-megapixel Palomar Quest camera.
On that day, an object was observed to move by 4.6 arcseconds over 3.1 hours relative to stars, which indicated that its distance was about 100 AU.
Follow-up observations were made in November–December 2003 with the SMARTS telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, the Tenagra IV telescope in Nogales, Arizona, and the Keck Observatory on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
Combining those with precovery observations taken at the Samuel Oschin telescope in August 2003, and from the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking consortium in 2001–2002, allowed accurate determination of its orbit.
The calculations showed that the object was moving along a distant highly eccentric orbit, at a distance of 90.3 AU from the Sun.
On his website, he wrote: Brown also suggested to the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Minor Planet Center that any future objects discovered in Sedna's orbital region should also be named after entities in arctic mythologies.
Brian Marsden, the head of the Minor Planet Center, said that such an action was a violation of protocol, and that some members of the IAU might vote against it.
The IAU's Committee on Small Body Nomenclature accepted the name in September 2004, and also considered that, in similar cases of extraordinary interest, it might in the future allow names to be announced before they were officially numbered.
Sedna has the second longest orbital period of any known object in the Solar System of comparable size or larger, calculated at around 11,400 years.
When Sedna was discovered it was 89.6 AU from the Sun approaching perihelion, and was the most distant object in the Solar System observed.
The orbits of some long-period comets extend farther than that of Sedna; they are too dim to be discovered except when approaching perihelion in the inner Solar System.
Even as Sedna nears its perihelion in mid 2076, the Sun would appear merely as an extremely bright star-like pinpoint in its sky, 100 times brighter than a full moon on Earth (for comparison, the Sun appears from Earth to be roughly 400,000 times brighter than the full Moon), and too far away to be visible as a disc to the naked eye.
It was initially speculated that Sedna's rotation was slowed by the gravitational pull of a large binary companion, similar to Pluto's moon Charon.
A search for such a satellite by the Hubble Space Telescope in March 2004 found nothing, and subsequent measurements from the MMT telescope suggest a much shorter rotation period of about 10 hours, more typical for a body of its size.
Sedna has a V-band absolute magnitude (H) of about 1.8, and it is estimated to have an albedo of about 0.32, thus giving it a diameter of approximately 1,000 km.
At the time of its discovery it was the intrinsically brightest object found in the Solar System since Pluto in 1930.
In 2004, the discoverers placed an upper limit of 1,800 km on its diameter, but by 2007 this was revised downward to less than 1,600 km after observation by the Spitzer Space Telescope.
In 2012, measurements from the Herschel Space Observatory suggested that Sedna's diameter was , which would make it smaller than Pluto's moon Charon.
Only a single attempt has been made to find a satellite, and it has been suggested that there is a chance of up to 25% that a satellite could have been missed.
Observations from the SMARTS telescope show that in visible light Sedna is one of the reddest objects in the Solar System, nearly as red as Mars.
Chad Trujillo and his colleagues suggest that Sedna's dark red colour is caused by a surface coating of hydrocarbon sludge, or tholin, formed from simpler organic compounds after long exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Its surface is homogeneous in colour and spectrum; this may be because Sedna, unlike objects nearer the Sun, is rarely impacted by other bodies, which would expose bright patches of fresh icy material like that on 8405 Asbolus.
Sedna and two other very distant objects – and – share their color with outer classical Kuiper belt objects and the centaur 5145 Pholus, suggesting a similar region of origin.
Trujillo and colleagues have placed upper limits in Sedna's surface composition of 60% for methane ice and 70% for water ice.
The presence of methane further supports the existence of tholins on Sedna's surface, because they are produced by irradiation of methane.
Barucci and colleagues compared Sedna's spectrum with that of Triton and detected weak absorption bands belonging to methane and nitrogen ices.
From these observations, they suggested the following model of the surface: 24% Triton-type tholins, 7% amorphous carbon, 10% nitrogen ices, 26% methanol, and 33% methane.
The presence of nitrogen on the surface suggests the possibility that, at least for a short time, Sedna may have a tenuous atmosphere.
During a 200-year period near perihelion, the maximum temperature on Sedna should exceed , the transition temperature between alpha-phase solid N and the beta-phase seen on Triton.
Its deep red spectral slope is indicative of high concentrations of organic material on its surface, and its weak methane absorption bands indicate that methane on Sedna's surface is ancient, rather than freshly deposited.
This means that Sedna is too cold for methane to evaporate from its surface and then fall back as snow, which happens on Triton and probably on Pluto.
Models of internal heating via radioactive decay suggest that Sedna might be capable of supporting a subsurface ocean of liquid water.
In their paper announcing the discovery of Sedna, Mike Brown and his colleagues described it as the first observed body belonging to the Oort cloud, the hypothetical cloud of comets thought to exist nearly a light-year from the Sun.
They observed that, unlike scattered disc objects such as Eris, Sedna's perihelion (76 AU) is too distant for it to have been scattered by the gravitational influence of Neptune.
If Sedna formed in its current location, the Sun's original protoplanetary disc must have extended as far as 75 AU into space.
Also, Sedna's initial orbit must have been approximately circular, otherwise its formation by the accretion of smaller bodies into a whole would not have been possible, because the large relative velocities between planetesimals would have been too disruptive.
In their initial paper, Brown, Rabinowitz and colleagues suggested three possible candidates for the perturbing body: an unseen planet beyond the Kuiper belt, a single passing star, or one of the young stars embedded with the Sun in the stellar cluster in which it formed.
Mike Brown and his team favored the hypothesis that Sedna was lifted into its current orbit by a star from the Sun's birth cluster, arguing that Sedna's aphelion of about 1,000 AU, which is relatively close compared to those of long-period comets, is not distant enough to be affected by passing stars at their current distances from the Sun.
They propose that Sedna's orbit is best explained by the Sun having formed in an open cluster of several stars that gradually disassociated over time.
Computer simulations by Julio A. Fernandez and Adrian Brunini suggest that multiple close passes by young stars in such a cluster would pull many objects into Sedna-like orbits.
A study by Morbidelli and Levison suggested that the most likely explanation for Sedna's orbit was that it had been perturbed by a close (approximately 800 AU) pass by another star in the first 100 million years or so of the Solar System's existence.
The trans-Neptunian planet hypothesis has been advanced in several forms by a number of astronomers, including Rodney Gomes and Patryk Lykawka.
Recent simulations show that Sedna's orbital traits could be explained by perturbations by a Neptune-mass object at 2,000 AU (or less), a Jupiter-mass () at 5,000 AU, or even an Earth-mass object at 1,000 AU.
Computer simulations by Patryk Lykawka have suggested that Sedna's orbit may have been caused by a body roughly the size of Earth, ejected outward by Neptune early in the Solar System's formation and currently in an elongated orbit between 80 and 170 AU from the Sun.
It is possible that such an object may have been scattered out of the Solar System after the formation of the inner Oort cloud.
Caltech researchers Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown have hypothesised the existence of a giant planet in the outer Solar System, nicknamed Planet Nine.
It would have a highly eccentric orbit, and its average distance from the Sun would be about 20 times that of Neptune (which orbits at an average distance of ).
It has been suggested that Sedna's orbit is the result of influence by a large binary companion to the Sun, thousands of AU distant.
One such hypothetical companion is Nemesis, a dim companion to the Sun that has been proposed to be responsible for the supposed periodicity of mass extinctions on Earth from cometary impacts, the lunar impact record, and the common orbital elements of a number of long-period comets.
No direct evidence of Nemesis has been found, and many lines of evidence (such as crater counts) have thrown its existence into doubt.
John J. Matese and Daniel P. Whitmire, longtime proponents of the possibility of a wide binary companion to the Sun, have suggested that an object of lying at roughly 7,850 AU from the Sun could produce a body in Sedna's orbit.
Morbidelli and Kenyon have also suggested that Sedna did not originate in the Solar System, but was captured by the Sun from a passing extrasolar planetary system, specifically that of a brown dwarf about 1/20th the mass of the Sun () or a main-sequence star 80 percent more massive than our Sun, which, owing to its larger mass, may now be a white dwarf.
In either case, the stellar encounter had likely occurred early after the Sun's formation, about less than 100 million years after the Sun had formed.
Stellar encounters during this time would have minimal effect on the Oort cloud's final mass and population since the Sun had excess material for replenishing the Oort cloud population.
Sedna's highly elliptical orbit means that the probability of its detection was roughly 1 in 80, which suggests that, unless its discovery was a fluke, another 40–120 Sedna-sized objects would exist within the same region.
Another object, , has a similar but less extreme orbit: it has a perihelion of 44.3 AU, an aphelion of 394 AU, and an orbital period of 3,240 years.
Each of the proposed mechanisms for Sedna's extreme orbit would leave a distinct mark on the structure and dynamics of any wider population.
If Sedna were captured from another planetary system that rotated in the same direction as the Solar System, then all of its population would have orbits on relatively low inclinations and have semi-major axes ranging from 100–500 AU.
The perturbations from passing stars would produce a wide variety of perihelia and inclinations, each dependent on the number and angle of such encounters.
Although the survey was sensitive to movement out to 1,000 AU and discovered the likely dwarf planet , it detected no new sednoid.
Subsequent simulations incorporating the new data suggested about 40 Sedna-sized objects probably exist in this region, with the brightest being about Eris's magnitude (−1.0).
In 2014, astronomers announced the discovery of , an object half the size of Sedna in a 4,200-year orbit similar to Sedna's and a perihelion within Sedna's range of roughly 80 AU, which led some to speculate that it offered evidence of a trans-Neptunian planet.
This question was answered under the International Astronomical Union definition of a planet, adopted on 24 August 2006, which mandated that a planet must have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
Sedna has a Stern–Levison parameter estimated to be much less than 1, and therefore cannot be considered to have cleared the neighborhood, even though no other objects have yet been discovered in its vicinity.
It is bright enough, and therefore large enough, that this is expected to be the case, and several astronomers have called it one.
Although Sedna is listed on NASA's Solar System exploration website, NASA is not known to be considering any type of mission at this time.
It was calculated that a flyby mission to Sedna could take 24.48 years using a Jupiter gravity assist, based on launch dates of 6 May 2033 and 23 June 2046.
Such a mission could be facilitated by Dual-Stage 4-Grid ion thrusters that might cut cruise times considerably if powered, for example, by a fusion reactor.
Symbolically, the song is hidden at track number 93, and the total length of the blank tracks leading to the song is 7 minutes and 6 seconds (6 minutes and 66 seconds).
Like Danzig's four studio albums with the original lineup, this EP was given a Parental Advisory label despite the absence of common profanity.
The video was directed by Jon Reiss and features an appearance by performance artist Bob Flanagan, both known for their video work with Nine Inch Nails.
Dame Ellen Patricia MacArthur (born 8 July 1976) is a retired English sailor, from Whatstandwell near Matlock in Derbyshire, now based in Cowes, Isle of Wight.
On 7 February 2005 she broke the world record for the fastest solo circumnavigation of the globe, a feat which gained her international renown.
Francis Joyon, the Frenchman who had held the record before MacArthur, was able to recover the record again in early 2008.
Following her retirement from professional sailing on 2 September 2010, MacArthur announced the launch of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, a charity that works with business and education to accelerate the transition to a circular economy.
MacArthur was born in Derbyshire where she lived with her parents, who were both teachers, and two brothers Fergus and Lewis, who now live in Pennsylvania.
Her first experience of sailing was on a boat owned by her aunt Thea MacArthur on the east coast of England.
MacArthur attended Wirksworth County Infants and Junior Schools and the Anthony Gell School and also worked at a sailing school in Hull.
The 75-foot (23 m) trimaran was built in Australia, with many of the components specifically arranged to take into account MacArthur's 5-foot 2 inch (1.57 m) height.
Using the yacht, her first significant record attempt in 2004 to break the west–east transatlantic crossing time failed by around one and a quarter hours, after over seven days of sailing.
During her circumnavigation, she set records for the fastest solo voyage to the equator, past the Cape of Good Hope, past Cape Horn and back to the equator again.
She crossed the finishing line near the French coast at Ushant at 22:29 UTC on 7 February 2005 beating the previous record set by French sailor Francis Joyon by 1 day, 8 hours, 35 minutes, 49 seconds.
On 8 February 2005, following her return to England, it was announced that she was to be made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in recognition of her achievement.
Coming immediately after the event being recognised, rather than appearing in due course in the New Year's or Birthday Honours lists, this recognition was reminiscent of accolades previously bestowed upon Francis Drake and Francis Chichester when reaching home shores after their respective circumnavigations in 1580 and 1967.
In recognition of her achievement she was appointed a Knight (Chevalier) of the French Legion of Honour by President Nicolas Sarkozy in March 2008.
In 2007 MacArthur headed up BT Team Ellen, a three-person sailing team which includes Australian Nick Moloney and Frenchman Sébastien Josse.
In October 2009 MacArthur announced her intention to retire from competitive racing to concentrate on the subject of resource and energy use in the global economy.
On 2 September 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, a charity focusing on accelerating the transition to a regenerative circular economy.
This is the current record for a single-handed woman monohull east-to-west passage, and also the record for a single-handed woman in any vessel.
MacArthur's second place in the 2000–2001 edition of the Vendée Globe, with a time of 94 days, 4 hours and 25 minutes, is the world record for a single-handed, non-stop, monohull circumnavigation by a woman.
This set a new world record for a transatlantic crossing by women, beating the previous crewed record as well as the singlehanded version.
Her time of 71 days, 14 hours, 18 minutes 33 seconds beat Joyon's then world record time by 1 day, 8 hours, 35 minutes and 49 seconds.
She had no more than 20 minutes' sleep at a time during the voyage, having to be on constant lookout day and night.
In 2003, MacArthur set up the Ellen MacArthur Trust (now the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust), a registered charity, to take young people, aged between 8 and 24 inclusive, sailing to help them regain their confidence on their way to recovery from cancer, leukaemia and other serious illnesses.
In 2008 MacArthur joined forces with other sports celebrities to launch an appeal to raise £4 million for the Rainbows children's hospice.
The aim is to give terminally ill young people their own customised sleeping unit to enable children in separate age groups to have their families stay with them.
After retiring from sailing, MacArthur founded the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, with the aim to accelerate the transition to a regenerative, circular economy.
The band rented a house in Bel Air and began writing in the summer of 1973 but, due in part to substance abuse and fatigue, were unable to complete any songs.
So we had to cancel the rest of the tour and we actually took time off for the first time since the band started.
After a month in Los Angeles with no results, the band opted to return to the UK, where they rented Clearwell Castle in The Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, which the likes of Led Zeppelin, Mott the Hoople and Deep Purple wrote and recorded in.
The people that owned the castle knew all about this ghost and they said, 'Oh yes, that's the ghost of so and so.
We had to leave in the end, everybody terrified of each other because we were playing jokes on each other and nobody knew who was doing it... We used to leave and drive all the way home and drive back the next day.
Osbourne also writes that he nearly burned the castle down one night when he fell asleep with his boot in the fire.
They ended up at the nearby Pye Studio along the road, with Ozzy trying to explain what he wanted them to play like some sort of mad conductor.
It depicts a man on a bed, seemingly having a nightmare or a vision of being attacked by demons in human form.
At the top of the bed is a large skull with long, outstretched arms and 666 (the Number of the Beast) written below it.
In the UK, it was the first Black Sabbath album to attain Silver certification (60,000 units sold) by the British Phonographic Industry, achieving this in February 1975.
Reporters Without Borders (RSF), also known under its original name Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization based in Paris that conducts political advocacy on issues relating to freedom of information and freedom of the press.
Reporters Without Borders has two primary spheres of activity: one is focused on Internet censorship and the new media, and the other on providing material, financial and psychological assistance to journalists assigned to dangerous areas.
Its missions are to continuously monitor attacks on freedom of information worldwide, denounce any such attacks in the media, act in cooperation with governments to fight censorship and laws aimed at restricting freedom of information, morally and financially assist persecuted journalists, as well as their families and offer material assistance to war correspondents in order to enhance their safety.
Its advocacy is founded on the belief that everyone requires access to news and information, inspired by Article 19 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights that recognises the right to receive and share information regardless of frontiers, along with other international rights charters.
RSF has 13 regional and national offices, including Brussels, London, Washington, Berlin, Rio de Janeiro and Dakar, and a network of 146 correspondents.
Taiwan has been rated the top Asian nation in RSF’s Press Freedom Index for five consecutive years, since 2013, and ranked 45th in 2017.
Reporters Without Borders' primary means of direct action are appeals to government authorities through letters or petitions, as well as frequent press releases.
Through its world-wide network of roughly 150 correspondents, RSF gathers information and conducts investigations of press freedom violations by region (Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, and the Americas) or topic.
It has launched advertising campaigns with the pro bono assistance of advertising firms to raise public awareness of threats to freedom of information and freedom of the press, to undermine the image of countries that it considers enemies of freedom of expression, and to discourage political support by the international community for governments that attack rather than protect freedom of information.
RSF works on the ground in defence of individual journalists at risk and also at the highest levels of government and international forums to defend the right to freedom of expression and information.
It provides daily briefings and press releases on threats to media freedom in French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, Farsi and Chinese and publishes an annual press freedom survey, the World Press Freedom Index, that measures the state of media freedom in 180 countries.
The organisation provides assistance to journalists at risk and training in digital and physical security, as well as campaigning to raise public awareness of abuse against journalists and to secure their safety and liberty.
RSF lobbies governments and international bodies to adopt standards and legislation in support of media freedom and takes legal action in defence of journalists under threat.
Reporters Without Borders is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a virtual network of non-governmental organizations that monitors free expression violations worldwide and defends journalists, writers and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.
The World Press Freedom Index is an internationally recognised survey that ranks 180 countries on their protection of media freedom, published annually since 2002.
It is an important benchmark for the health of the right to freedom of expression and information and a significant tool for advocacy, raising public awareness and shaming states with a poor record on press freedom.
RSF collects the information for the Index from an online questionnaire distributed to experts in the field, focusing on media pluralism, media independence, media environment, self-censorship, legislative framework, transparency and the quality of the infrastructure supporting news production.
This qualitative analysis is combined with quantitative data on abuses and acts of violence against journalists to produce a score for each country.
To complement the Index's comparative rankings, RSF calculates global and regional indicators to evaluate the overall performance of countries and regions as an absolute measure.
The global indicator is the average of the regional indicators, each of which is obtained by calculating an average of the scores of all the countries in the region, weighted by World Bank population figures.
The Index is increasingly used by organisations including the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), the World Bank, and the Millennium Challenge Corporation to determine the allocation of development aid.
The United Arab Emirates that ranks 133 in the 2019 World Press Freedom Index is possibly behind the ban, or the journalist's origin country, Serbia which ranks 90 on the list of 180 countries of the 2019 World Press Freedom Index.
Stevan claims that his job as a journalist and coverage of Serbian organized crime could be the reason behind him being barred from the UAE.
The books are sold by the French leisure chains and supermarkets Fnac, Carrefour, Casino, Monoprix and Cora, the websites alapage.com, fnac.com, and amazon.fr, as well as A2Presse and over 300 bookshops throughout France.
RSF launched the Journalism Trust Initiative (JTI) in 2018 with its partners the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Agence France Presse (AFP) and the Global Editors Network (GEN).
JTI defines indicators for trustworthy journalism and rewards compliance, bringing tangible benefits for all media outlets and supporting them in creating a healthy space for information.
Media outlets will be expected to comply with standards that include transparency of ownership, sources of revenue and proof of a range of professional safeguards.
Released each January the annually published World Press Freedom Index measures the degree of freedom enjoyed by the media in over 170 countries.
On World Day Against Cyber Censorship Reporters Without Borders awards an annual Netizen Prize that recognizes an Internet user, blogger, cyber-dissident, or group who has made a notable contribution to the defense of online freedom of expression.
RSF conducts advertising campaigns, jointly with communications professionals, to inform the public and to create bad publicity for governments that violate freedom of information.
The campaigns are circulated to the media, international organisations, government agencies, and educational institutions using the Internet as well as traditional media channels.
RSF organises symbolic actions in front of the embassies of countries that restrict freedom of information and at various summits and key international events.
Over the years RSF's private funding has come from groups and organizations such as Sanofi-Aventis, François Pinault, the Fondation de France, the Open Society Institute of George Soros, the Sigrid Rausing Trust, Benetton, and the Center for a Free Cuba.
The photography books are one example, as is the work of Saatchi & Saatchi which created various communication campaigns free (for instance, concerning censorship in Algeria).
Lucie Morillon, RSF's then-Washington representative, confirmed in an interview on 29 April 2005 that the organization had a contract with US State Department's Special Envoy to the Western Hemisphere, Otto Reich, who signed it in his capacity as a trustee for the Center for a Free Cuba, to inform Europeans about the repression of journalists in Cuba.
RSF's campaign includes declarations on radio and television, full-page ads in Parisian dailies, posters, leafletting at airports, and an April 2003 occupation of the Cuban tourism office in Paris.
The face had been superimposed by RSF with that of a May 1968 CRS anti-riot police agent, and the postcard handed out at Orly Airport in Paris to tourists boarding on flights for Cuba.
Tensions between Cuban authorities and RSF are high, particularly after the imprisonment in 2003 of 75 dissidents (27 journalists) by the Cuban Government, including Raúl Rivero and Óscar Elías Biscet.
In 2004, it received $50,000 from the Miami-based exile group, the Center for a Free Cuba, which was personally signed by the US State Department's Special Envoy to the Western Hemisphere, Otto Reich.
RSF is said to have lent its support for Venezuelan pro-coup media outlets, and have had as a Caracas correspondent María Sol Pérez-Schael, an opposition adviser.
In a right of reply, Robert Ménard declared that RSF had also condemned the Venezuela media's support of the coup attempt.
The Observatoire de l'Action Humanitaire (Centre for Humanitarian Action) criticized RSF's lukewarm criticism of US forces for their shelling, in 2003, of Palestine Hotel, in Baghdad, Iraq, which killed two Reuters journalists.
It was hosted and won by South Africa, and was the first Rugby World Cup in which every match was held in one country.
It was also the first World Cup in which South Africa was allowed to compete; the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB, now World Rugby) had only readmitted South Africa to international rugby in 1992, following negotiations to end apartheid.
The World Cup would also be the last major event of rugby union's amateur era; two months after the tournament, the IRFB opened the sport to professionalism.
In the final, held at Ellis Park in Johannesburg on 24 June, South Africa defeated New Zealand 15–12, with Joel Stransky scoring a drop goal in extra time to win the match.
Following South Africa's victory, Nelson Mandela, the President of South Africa, wearing a Springboks rugby shirt and cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to the South African captain François Pienaar.
Côte d'Ivoire qualified through Africa, Japan through Asia, Argentina through the Americas, Italy, Romania and Wales through Europe, Tonga through Oceania.
The 1995 tournament was the first Rugby World Cup to be hosted by just one country, and thus, all the venues are within the one country.
South Africa were given the rights to host the tournament in 1993, after a meeting between the IRB and both the then-current government lead by de Klerk and the African National Congress.
In total, nine stadiums were used for the World Cup, most being owned by local municipalities, and the majority of the venues were upgraded prior to the tournament.
There were games originally scheduled to have been played in Brakpan, Germiston, Pietermaritzburg and Witbank, but these games were reallocated to other venues.
The reasons cited for this change had to do with facilities for both the press and spectators, as well as the security.
The tournament was contested by 16 different nations using the same format that was used in 1987 and 1991 and in total 32 matches were played.
The tournament culminated with the final between South Africa and the All Blacks at Ellis Park in Johannesburg on 24 June.
The nations were broken up into four pools of four, with each pool consisting of two teams that were automatically qualified and two that went through the qualifying tournaments.
For example, the winner of A faces the runner up of B, and the winner of B face the runner-up of A.
The whole finals stage adopts a knock-out format, and the winners of the quarter-finals advance to the semi-finals, where winner 1 faces winner 2, and winner 3 faces winner 4.
A total of 32 matches (24 pool stage & 8 knock-out) were played throughout the tournament over 30 days from 25 May to 24 June 1995.
Three minutes into the match between Ivory Coast and Tonga, the Ivorian winger Max Brito was crushed beneath several other players, leaving him paralysed below the neck.
South Africa defeated Western Samoa in the quarter-finals, and then France in the semi-finals to reach the final; New Zealand defeated Scotland in the quarter-finals, and England in the semi-finals, a game in which Jonah Lomu famously scored four tries for the All Blacks.
To this point, New Zealand had led the tournament in production, outscoring their opponents 315–104, while South Africa had outscored their opponents 129–55.
The tight Springbok defence would keep the high scoring All Blacks in check – particularly Jonah Lomu and Marc Ellis, who had already scored a then World Cup record seven tries each in the tournament – with neither team scoring a try in the match.
South Africa led 9–6 at half time, and New Zealand levelled the scores at 9–9 with a drop goal in the second half.
Though Andrew Mehrtens almost kicked a late drop goal for the All Blacks, the score remained tied at full-time, forcing the game into extra time.
Both teams scored penalty goals in the first half of extra time, but Joel Stransky then scored a drop goal to win the final for South Africa.
Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok rugby jersey and baseball cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to South African captain François Pienaar to the delight of the capacity crowd.
During his frequent illnesses he became an avid reader and developed a wide range of interests which he carried into adulthood.
He left the university early without completing his degree to volunteer for the Army Hospital Commissariat when the Crimean War began.
He was sent to the Crimea and while there he witnessed the appalling conditions under which the British soldier had to fight.
This initial writing success was a factor in Henty's later decision to accept the offer to become a special correspondent, the early name for journalists now better known as war correspondents.
In 1866 the newspaper sent him as their special correspondent to report on the Austro-Italian War where he met Giuseppe Garibaldi.
He went on to cover the 1868 British punitive expedition to Abyssinia, the Franco-Prussian War, the Ashanti War, the Carlist Rebellion in Spain and the Turco-Serbian War.
Henty's heroes – which occasionally included young ladies – are uniformly intelligent, courageous, honest and resourceful with plenty of 'pluck' yet are also modest.
Henty usually researched his novels by ordering several books on the subject he was writing on from libraries, and consulting them before beginning writing.
Some of his books were written about events (such as the Crimean War) that he witnessed himself; hence, these books are written with greater detail as Henty drew upon his first-hand experiences of people, places, and events.
By the 1930s, however, interest in Henty's work was declining in Britain, and hence few children's writers there looked to his work as a model.
Henty wrote 122 works of historical fiction and all first editions had the date printed at the foot of the title page.
Several short stories published in book form are included in this total, with the stories taken from previously published full-length novels.
The dates given below are those printed at the foot of the title page of the very first editions in the United Kingdom.
The simple explanation for this error of judgement is that Charles Scribner's Sons of New York dated their Henty first editions for the current year.
The first UK editions published by Blackie were always dated for the coming year, to have them looking fresh for Christmas.
In the late 1990s, a number of American publishers, such as Polyglot Press (Philadelphia, PA), PrestonSpeed, and the Lost Classics Book Company, began reprinting Henty's books and advocating their usage for conservative homeschoolers.
One such publisher and major modern advocate of Henty is the American scientist, homeschool curriculum publisher, and one-time political candidate Arthur B. Robinson, who promotes the use of Henty's books as a supplement to his self-teaching homeschool curriculum.
They are good-natured and passionate, indolent, but will work hard for a time; clever up to a certain point, densely stupid beyond.
Although soba means buckwheat, yakisoba noodles are actually made from wheat flour, and are typically flavored with a condiment similar to oyster sauce.
A more novel way of serving yakisoba in Japan is to pile the noodles into a bun sliced down the middle in the style of a hot dog, and garnish the top with mayonnaise and shreds of red pickled ginger.
After the 1945 hostilities with Japan ended on Okinawa, the US military command supplied American food products to the displaced and malnourished islanders.
Along with typical Okinawan meats such as pork or chicken, fried Spam, chopped hot dogs, and sliced ham are still popular postwar additions to yakisoba eaten by islanders today, along with as common local vegetables such as cabbage and carrots.
Okinawa-style yakisoba is generally made with Okinawa soba, a wheat noodle much thicker than what is commonly used for yakisoba in Japan, and flavored with pre-packaged yakisoba sauce.
George Bubb Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe (1691 – 28 July 1762) was an English whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1761.
Dodington was returned for Bridgwater again in 1734 when he was also returned for Melcombe Regis, and in 1741 when he was also returned for Appleby, choosing to remain at Bridge=water on both occasions.
He was returned again for Bridgwater in 1747 and was treasurer of the chamber to the Prince of Wales from 1749 to 1751.
His house at Hammersmith, known as 'La Trappe' (an ironic reference to a Trappist monastery) was the focus of a lively political and cultural salon of supporters of Frederick, Prince of Wales whose palace at Kew was located just across the river.
It was designed by the neo-Palladian architect Roger Morris who had been connected with the circle of Lord Burlington and the sculpture gallery was designed by the Italian architect and firework display designer Giovanni Niccolo Servandoni.
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (22 November 1847 – 25 December 1909) was an English zoologist and ornithologist who worked as curator of the bird collection at the British Museum of natural history.
In the course of his career he published several monographs on bird groups and produced a multi-volume catalogue of the specimens in the collection of the museum.
His care from the age of six was under an aunt, Magdalen Wallace, widow of the headmaster at Grammar School in Sevenoaks and went to school in Brighton.
After two years, in 1865, he joined the company of the bookseller Bernard Quaritch and had an opportunity to examine ornithological books and began to work in earnest on his monograph, purchasing specimens of kingfishers from a meagre income.
On the death of George Robert Gray in 1872 he joined the British Museum as a Senior Assistant in the Department of Zoology, taking charge of the bird collection.
They had ten daughters and many of them contributed to his books (and of other authors too) by hand colouring the lithograph plates.
He also played a major role in acquiring private collections by persuading wealthy collectors and travellers to contribute to the museum.
In 1872 the museum had 35,000 bird specimens; the collection had grown to half a million specimens by the time of his death.
These included the bequests of Allan Octavian Hume, Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman, the industrialist and amateur ornithologist Henry Seebohm, Colonel John Biddulph, C. B. Rickett, F. W. Styan, Alfred Russel Wallace, George Ernest Shelley, Philip Sclater and the bird illustrator John Gould.
The eldest daughter, Emily Mary Bowdler Sharpe, was a biologist and author in her own right, and also worked at the British Museum.
The other nine daughters (Ada Lavinia, Eva Augusta, Lilian Bertha, Dora Louise, Lena Violet, Daisy Madeline, Sylvia Rosamund, Hilda Marion, and Aimee Marjorie) all worked as colourists on his works.
On one occasion, Sharpe ascended the Eiffel tower with friends but became hysterical on reaching the top, with Ernst Hartert and several others having to restrain him and prevent him from jumping off.
A regular at the Savage and Whitefriars Club, he and his wife threw a party in February 1888 with 120 guests and entertainment that included humorous sketches, songs, recitals and music.
As of 2019, in the online list of world birds maintained by Frank Gill and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee, Sharpe is credited with formally describing and coining the Latin names of 233 species of bird as well as 201 subspecies.
Chilblains — also known as pernio and chill burns — is a medical condition that occurs when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity, causing tissue damage.
Chilblains can be idiopathic (spontaneous and unrelated to another disease), but may also be a manifestation of another serious medical condition that must be investigated.
His father had been intendant successively to the duc de Penthièvre, the comte de Toulouse and the unfortunate princesse de Lamballe, who was the boy's godmother.
It was a great success, but was violently attacked later by Julien Louis Geoffroy who stigmatized it as a bad caricature of Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon.
This play was construed as casting reflections on the first consul Napoleon, who had hitherto been a firm friend of the avowed republican Lemercier.
Its numerous innovations provoked such violent disturbances in the audience that one person was killed and future representations had to be guarded by the police.
In it 16th century history, with Charles V and Francis I as principal personages, is played out on an imaginary stage by demons in the intervals of their sufferings.
It is generally uptempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable but also suitable for contemporary hit radio.
Developing from a combination of dance and pop with influences of disco, post-disco and synth-pop, it is generally characterised by strong beats with easy, uncomplicated song structures which are generally more similar to pop music than the more free-form dance genre, with an emphasis on melody as well as catchy tunes.
Dance-pop is a popular mainstream style of music and there have been numerous pop artists and groups who perform in the genre.
Notable ones include Cher, Madonna, Britney Spears, Kylie Minogue, Christina Aguilera, Spice Girls, Paula Abdul, Backstreet Boys, Michael Jackson, NSYNC, Janet Jackson, Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Selena Gomez, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, and Ariana Grande.
These genres were, in essence, a more modern variant of disco music known as post-disco, which tended to be more experimental, electronic and producer/DJ-driven, often using sequencers and synthesizers.
Dance-pop music emerged in the 1980s as a combination of dance and pop, or post-disco, which was uptempo and simple, club-natured, producer-driven and catchy.
Dance-pop was more uptempo and dancey than regular pop, yet more structured and less free-form than dance music, usually combining pop's easy structure and catchy tunes with dance's strong beat and uptempo nature.
According to prominent Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music, utilizing her charisma, chutzpah and sex appeal.
As the primary songwriter on her self-titled debut album and a co-producer by her third record, Madonna's insistence on being involved in all creative aspects of her work was highly unusual for a female dance-pop vocalist at the time.
Prominent producers in the 1980s included Stock, Aitken and Waterman, who created Hi-NRG/dance-pop for artists such as Kylie Minogue, Dead or Alive and Bananarama.
Other prominent dance-pop artists and groups of the 1980s included the Pet Shop Boys, Mel and Kim, Samantha Fox, Debbie Gibson, and Tiffany.
Several dance-pop groups and artists emerged during the 1990s, such as the Spice Girls, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Backstreet Boys, and 'NSYNC.
An audio processor and a form of pitch modification software, Auto-Tune is commonly used as a way to correct pitch and to create special effects.
Another Britpop band, Theaudience was fronted by Sophie Ellis Bextor who went on to a successful solo career primarily in artist-driven dance-pop.
At the beginning of the 2000s, dance-pop music was still prominent, and highly electronic in style, influenced by genres such as trance, house, techno and electro.
Nonetheless, as R&B and hip hop became extremely popular from the early part of the decade onwards, dance-pop often borrowed a lot of its influences from urban music.
Dance-pop stars from the 1980s and 1990s such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Madonna, Janet Jackson and Kylie Minogue continued to achieve success at the beginning of the decade.
This period in time also saw dance-pop's return to its more electronic roots aside from its disco ones, with strong influences of synthpop and electropop.
The 2010s so far have, similarly to the late 2000s, seen strong electronic influences present within dance-pop and also heavy emphasis on bass-heavy drum beats.
Dance-pop artists such as Britney Spears, Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, Katy Perry, Madonna, Kesha, Christina Aguilera, Usher and Rihanna remain very popular, and several new recording artists within the genre have or are starting to emerge.
The facility was used by Canada and the United States beginning in 1954 for sub-orbital launches of sounding rockets to study the upper atmosphere.
The site is sometimes referred to as Fort Churchill after the nearby former military base (now Churchill Airport) and is connected by an all-weather gravel road to the town of Churchill.
The complex was first built in 1954 by the Canadian Army's Defence Research Board to study the effects of auroras on long distance communications.
The programme shut down in 1955, but the site was re-opened and greatly expanded in 1956 as part of Canada's participation in the International Geophysical Year.
Launches for the IGY experiments started in 1957, and the site was closed again in December 1958 when the IGY, which was actually two years long, ended.
The site was reopened again in August 1959 by the US Army, in collaboration with the Canadian government, as part of its network of sounding rocket stations.
In September 1959 it was used to test CARDE's new solid fuel propellant systems with PVT-1, the vehicle that would evolve into the Black Brant.
It was announced that the Black Brant test series would be continued with an additional twelve launches at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility during 1961-62, while the facilities at Churchill were rebuilt.
The US Army ended its involvement at Churchill in June 1970, and the site was taken over by the Canadian National Research Council to support the Canadian Upper Atmosphere Research Program.
Akjuit Aerospace, a Canadian company founded in 1992, signed a 30-year lease with the Canadian government for the Churchill Rocket Research Range in 1994 with the goal of developing the world's first commercial spaceport.
Akjuit planned to launch commercial polar-orbiting payloads using Russian-made Start-1 rockets (so named as they were made of repurposed Soviet-era SS-25 ICBMs made redundant by the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty).
Churchill's location in the western hemisphere combined with its range-safety for firing northwards made it an ideal location, with the exception of the extremely cold weather which would limit launch seasons.
Central Time on April 28, 1998: a suborbital Black Brant IXB research rocket containing a physics payload for the Canadian Space Agency.
The site is no longer used for rocket launches and is currently the location of the Churchill Northern Studies Centre, a non-profit and multi-disciplinary research facility that is also open for educational tourism.
Fu Mingxia (born August 16, 1978 in Wuhan, Hubei, China) is a top female diver, multiple Olympic gold medalist and world champion.
Chinese diver Fu Mingxia won the platform-diving world championship in 1991 at the age of 12, making her the youngest diving champ of all time.
She is also famous for being one of the youngest Olympic-diving champions, having earned a gold at the 1992 Barcelona Games when she was just 13 years and 345 days old.
During the 2000 Olympics, held in Sydney, Australia, Fu won her fourth gold, joining Americans Pat McCormick and Greg Louganis as the world's only quadruple Olympic-diving champions.
Fu Mingxia was born into a working-class family in the city of Wuhan, located along the Yangtze River in central China.
Fu made the transition from gymnast to springboard diver and before long was noticed by diving coach Yu Fen, who took Fu to Beijing in 1989 to train at a state-sponsored boarding school as a member of the state diving team.
In China, it is common practice for children with athletic promise to be taken away from home at an early age to live at special sports schools where their talents can be refined.
Typical of Chinese children at sports schools, her days were highly structured and sheltered, containing little more than diving practice and schooling.
In time, she was gliding so close to the platform during her dives that her short hair often touched the end during her descent toward the water.
The only way Fu knew they had come to watch was because they would leave care packages for her in the locker room.
In 1990, Fu made her international diving debut, capturing a gold at the U.S. Open and also at the Goodwill Games, held that summer in Seattle.
Following the loss, she changed her routine, adding moves that were technically more difficult, but which she felt more comfortable performing.
The competition was intense, and Fu found herself in eighth place in the final round because she had failed a compulsory dive.
Fu pulled herself together, however, and ended up with the title, beating out the Soviet Union's World Cup winner Yelena Miroshina by nearly 25 points.
It is a title she will hold forever because after the competition, swimming's national governing body changed the rules, requiring all competitors of international competitions to be at least 14 years old.
At 13, she was the youngest medal winner at the Olympics that year-and the second-youngest in the history of the Games.
Fu's coaches drilled her hard, but she said she found comfort and peace from the physically and mentally straining regimen through music.
Fu was in top form at the 1996 Olympics and shone on both the platform and springboard, taking gold in both events.
On her own terms still meant a disciplined training schedule, but she reduced the number of hours per day down to five.
As a member of the university team, Fu competed in the 1999 Universiade in Palma, Spain, winning both the highboard and springboard titles.
Fu regained her spot on the national Olympic squad and also took up a new sport - three-meter synchronized diving - as she headed for the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
She won a gold, nailing her final dive, a reverse one-and-a-half somersault, two-and-a-half twist for nines when eights would have been enough to beat out Guo, her teammate.
She is one of only three divers to win an Olympic double-double in the individual events: Pat McCormick and Greg Louganis being the other two.
In the animal kingdom there also exists a non-pathological form of osteosclerosis, resulting in unusually solid bone structure with little to no marrow.
It is often seen in aquatic vertebrates, especially those living in shallow waters, providing ballast as an adaptation for an aquatic lifestyle.
Although human osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous disorder encompassing different molecular lesions and a range of clinical features, all forms share a single pathogenic nexus in the osteoclast.
Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), also known as malignant infantile osteopetrosis, is a rare type of skeletal dysplasia characterized by a distinct radiographic pattern of overall increased density of the bones with fundamental involvement of the medullary portion.
Additionally, there is the Erlenmeyer flask deformity type 2 which is characterized by absence of normal diaphysial metaphysical modeling of the distal femora with abnormal radiographic appearance of trabecular bone and alternating radiolucent metaphyseal bands.
The precise and early diagnosis of infantile osteopetrosis is important for management of complications, genetic counselling, and timely institution of appropriate treatment, namely hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which offers a satisfactory treatment modality for a considerable percentage of infantile osteopetrosis.
Amelioration of radiographic bone lesions after HSCT in infantile osteopetrosis has been proposed as an important indicator of success of the therapy.
The genes associated with osteopetrosis are involved in the development and/or function of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone tissue when old bone is being replaced by new bone (bone remodeling).
If this happens, old bone cannot be broken down as new bone is formed, so bones become too dense and prone to breaking.
Sufferers of osteopetrosis have a deficiency of osteoclasts, meaning too little bone is being resorbed, resulting in too much bone being created.
Normal bone growth is achieved by a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption (breakdown of bone matrix) by osteoclasts.
Osteopetrosis is caused by underlying mutations that interfere with the acidification of the osteoclast resorption pit, for example due to a deficiency of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme encoded by the CA2 gene.
Without this enzyme hydrogen ion pumping is inhibited and bone resorption by osteoclasts is defective, as an acidic environment is needed to dissociate calcium hydroxyapatite from the bone matrix.
These cells break down bone tissue during bone remodeling, a normal process in which old bone is removed and new bone is created to replace it.
Among the differential diagnosis are hereditary ostoesclerosing dysplasias such as; neuropathic infantile osteopetrosis, infantile osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, infantile osteopetrosis with immunodeficiency, infantile osteopetrosis with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (LAD-III), pyknodysostosis (osteopetrosis acro-osteolytica), osteopoikilosis (Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome), osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis, mixed sclerosing skeletal dysplasias, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati–Engelmann disease), SOST-related sclerosing skeletal dysplasias.
Besides, the differential diagnosis includes acquired conditions that induce osteosclerosis such as osteosclerotic metastasis notably carcinomas of the prostate gland and breast, Paget's disease of bone, myelofibrosis (primary disorder or secondary to intoxication or malignancy), Erdheim-Chester disease, osteosclerosing types of osteomyelitis, sickle cell disease, hypervitaminosis D, and hypoparathyroidism.
If complications occur in children, patients can be treated with vitamin D. Gamma interferon has also been shown to be effective, and it can be associated to vitamin D. Erythropoetin has been used to treat any associated anemia.
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) improves some cases of severe, infantile osteopetrosis associated with bone marrow failure, and offers the best chance of longer-term survival for individuals with this type.
Surgery may be needed for aesthetic or functional reasons (such as multiple fractures, deformity, and loss of function), or for severe degenerative joint disease.
The severe infantile forms of osteopetrosis are associated with shortened life expectancy, with most untreated children not surviving past their first decade.
For those with onset in childhood or adolescence, the effect of the condition depends on the specific symptoms (including how fragile the bones are and how much pain is present).
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition.
Normally students are required to commit by the end of their second academic year at latest, and some schools even disallow students from declaring a major until this time.
In 1825, the University of Virginia initiated an educational approach that would allow students to choose, from eight options, an area of focus (ex: ancient languages, anatomy, medicine) and higher educational systems in Europe after the American civil war developed further into a stricter specialization approach to studies.
From 1880 to 1910, Baccalaureate granting American institutions vastly embraced a free-elective system, where students were endowed with a greater freedom to explore intellectual curiosities.
While general education is considered to be the breadth component of an undergraduate education, the major is commonly deemed as the depth aspect.
In many universities, an academic concentration is a focus within a specific academic major, that is a field of study within a specific academic major.
For example, interdisciplinary programs in humanities or social sciences will require a student to pick a specific academic concentration as a focus within their academic major, such as an academic major in Interdisciplinary Humanities with an academic concentration in Film or an academic major in Interdisciplinary Social Sciences with an academic concentration in Geography.
At several art schools and liberal arts colleges, an academic concentration serves a similar function to an academic minor at other universities, that is an academic discipline outside of the student's academic major in which he or she takes a small number of classes.
At the doctoral studies level, an academic major or major field refers to a student's primary focus within their degree program while a minor or minor field refers to his or her secondary focus.
For example, a doctoral student studying History might pursue their degree in History with a major field in War and Society and a minor field in Postcolonial Studies.
An impacted major is a major for which more students apply for than the school can accommodate, a classic example of demand exceeding supply.
If a person applies to an impacted major, the school can raise the minimum requirements as much as needed to weed out the students that it is unable to accommodate.
The student may then have a better chance of being accepted and generally will have the option of declaring his/her major at a later date anyway.
The European Patent Organisation (sometimes abbreviated EPOrg in order to distinguish it from the European Patent Office, one of the two organs of the organisation) is a public international organisation created in 1977 by its contracting states to grant patents in Europe under the European Patent Convention (EPC) of 1973.
The European Patent Organisation is not legally bound to the European Union (EU) and has several members which are not themselves EU states.
See European Patent Convention for the history of the European Patent system as set up by the European Patent Convention and operated by the European Patent Office.
The European Patent Organisation has two organs: the European Patent Office, which acts as its executive body, and the Administrative Council, which acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body.
The actual legislative power to revise the European Patent Convention lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States.
The Administrative Council is made up of members of the contracting states and is responsible for overseeing the work of the European Patent Office, ratifying the budget and approving the actions of the President of the Office.
The Council also amends the Rules of the EPC and some particular provisions of the Articles of the European Patent Convention.
Morocco, Moldova, Tunisia, and Cambodia became validation states on 1 March 2015, 1 November 2015, 1 December 2017, and 1 March 2018, respectively.
He had received a Ph.D. in chemistry at the age of 22 and was an expert in photography and forensic science.
With the advent of World War I, Reiss was commissioned by the Serbian government to investigate atrocities committed by the invading Central Powers against Serbs.
The second Reiss report focused on the second round of the invasion and occupation of Serbia and crimes committed against the Serbs which began in 1915, this time by the combined forces of Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Germany.
When Serbia was overrun in 1915 he joined the Serbian Army in its retreat across Albania to return with the victorious Serbian Army when it liberated Belgrade in the final days of the war.
He was known as a great friend of Serbia and the Serbian people and after the war decided to stay and live in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Upon the invitation of the Serbian Government, he carried out an inquiry on Hungarian, German and Bulgarian atrocities in Serbia during World War I and published the reports in European papers.
After his death, his body was buried in the Topčider cemetery and, at his own request, his heart was buried on Kajmakčalan hill .
It was finished on 1 June 1928, and in 2004 was printed in Serbia in a large number of copies and distributed for free.
Deng Yaping (; born February 6, 1973 in Zhengzhou, Henan) is a Chinese table tennis player, who won eighteen world championships including four Olympic championships between 1989 and 1997.
Despite her success, she was initially denied a spot on the national team because she was so short (she stood only 1.5 metres [4 feet 11 inches] tall).
At the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, she won a gold medal in both the singles and doubles competitions and repeated the feat at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, USA.
When she retired at the age of 24, she had won more titles than any other player in this sport, including four Olympic gold medals, and had been World Champion 18 times.
She was voted Chinese female athlete of the century, and joined the International Table Tennis Federation Hall of Fame in 2003.
She is also a member of the elite Laureus World Sports Academy, and a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
She gained a bachelor's degree from Tsinghua University, a master's degree from the University of Nottingham, and as of March 2006, was continuing to study for a PhD.
Her research work coincides with her professional focus on the marketing, management and development of the 2008 Beijing Olympics as a member of the Beijing Organizing Committee.
The show originally aired in the mid-90s as a community channel show on Rogers Television before getting a network deal in 2000.
The theory is simplified by working in projective space rather than affine space, and so cubic surfaces are generally considered in projective 3-space formula_1.
The theory also becomes more uniform by focusing on surfaces over the complex numbers rather than the real numbers; note that a complex surface has real dimension 4.
More generally, every irreducible cubic surface (possibly singular) over an algebraically closed field is rational unless it is the projective cone over a cubic curve.
In this respect, cubic surfaces are much simpler than smooth surfaces of degree at least 4 in formula_1, which are never rational.
More strongly, Clebsch showed that every smooth cubic surface in formula_1 over an algebraically closed field is isomorphic to the blow-up of formula_4 at 6 points.
As a result, every smooth cubic surface over the complex numbers is diffeomorphic to the connected sum formula_9, where the minus sign refers to a change of orientation.
Conversely, the blow-up of formula_4 at 6 points is isomorphic to a cubic surface if and only if the points are in general position, meaning that no three points lie on a line and all 6 do not lie on a conic.
More precisely, Arthur Cayley and George Salmon showed in 1849 that every smooth cubic surface over an algebraically closed field contains exactly 27 lines.
This is a distinctive feature of cubics: a smooth quadric (degree 2) surface is covered by a continuous family of lines, while most surfaces of degree at least 4 in formula_1 contain no lines.
The group of permutations of the 27 lines arising this way is called the monodromy group of the family of cubic surfaces.
A remarkable 19th-century discovery was that the monodromy group is neither trivial nor the whole symmetric group formula_14; it is a group of order 51840, acting transitively on the set of lines.
This group was gradually recognized (by Élie Cartan (1896), Arthur Coble (1915-17), and Patrick du Val (1936)) as the Weyl group of type formula_15, a group generated by reflections on a 6-dimensional real vector space, related to the Lie group formula_15 of dimension 78.
The same group of order 51840 can be described in combinatorial terms, as the automorphism group of the graph of the 27 lines, with a vertex for each line and an edge whenever two lines meet.
The possible sets of singularities that can occur on a cubic surface can be described in terms of subsystems of the formula_15 root system.
One explanation for this connection is that the formula_15 lattice arises as the orthogonal complement to the anticanonical class formula_21 in the Picard group formula_22, with its intersection form (coming from the intersection theory of curves on a surface).
Most cubic surfaces have no Eckardt point, but such points occur on a codimension-1 subset of the family of all smooth cubic surfaces.
A given cubic surface can be viewed as a blow-up of formula_4 in more than one way (in fact, in 72 different ways), and so a description as a blow-up does not reveal the symmetry among all 27 of the lines.
The relation between cubic surfaces and the formula_15 root system generalizes to a relation between all del Pezzo surfaces and root systems.
Pursuing these analogies, Vera Serganova and Alexei Skorobogatov gave a direct geometric relation between cubic surfaces and the Lie group formula_15.
In physics, the 27 lines can be identified with the 27 possible charges of M-theory on a six-dimensional torus (6 momenta; 15 membranes; 6 fivebranes) and the group E then naturally acts as the U-duality group.
In contrast to the complex case, the space of smooth cubic surfaces over the real numbers is not connected in the classical topology (based on the topology of R).
Its connected components (in other words, the classification of smooth real cubic surfaces up to isotopy) were determined by Ludwig Schläfli (1863), Felix Klein (1865), and H. G. Zeuthen (1875).
A smooth real cubic surface is rational over R if and only if its space of real points is connected, hence in the first four of the previous five cases.
Two smooth cubic surfaces are isomorphic as algebraic varieties if and only if they are equivalent by some linear automorphism of formula_1.
Geometric invariant theory gives a moduli space of cubic surfaces, with one point for each isomorphism class of smooth cubic surfaces.
An old source uses Kunlun to mean the mountain belt that runs across the center of China, that is, Kunlun in the narrow sense: Altyn Tagh along with the Qilian and Qin Mountains.
A recent source has the Kunlun range forming most of the south side of the Tarim Basin and then continuing east south of the Altyn Tagh.
From the Pamirs of Tajikistan, it runs east along the border between Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions to the Sino-Tibetan ranges in Qinghai province.
A number of important rivers flow from it including the Karakash River ('Black Jade River') and the Yurungkash River ('White Jade River'), which flow through the Khotan Oasis into the Taklamakan Desert.
Bayan Har Mountains, a southern branch of the Kunlun Mountains, forms the watershed between the catchment basins of China's two longest rivers, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
The highest mountain of the Kunlun Shan is the Kunlun Goddess (7,167 m) in the Keriya area in western Kunlun Shan.
Some authorities claim that the Kunlun extends further northwest-wards as far as Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and the famous Muztagh Ata (7,546 m).
The Arka Tagh (Arch Mountain) is in the center of the Kunlun Shan; its highest points are Ulugh Muztagh (6,973 m) and Bukadaban Feng (6,860 m).
In the eastern Kunlun Shan the highest peaks are Yuzhu Peak (6,224 m) and Dradullungshong (6,282 m); the latter is the eastern major peak in Kunlun Shan range and is thus considered as the eastern edge of Kunlun Shan range.
The mountain range formed at the northern edges of the Cimmerian Plate during its collision, in the Late Triassic, with Siberia, which resulted in the closing of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.
If they were considered volcanic mountains, they would constitute the highest volcano in Asia and China and second highest in the Eastern Hemisphere (after Mount Kilimanjaro) and one of Volcanic Seven Summits by elevation.
He supposedly discovered there the Jade Palace of the Yellow Emperor, the mythical originator of Chinese culture, and met Hsi Wang Mu (Xi Wang Mu), the 'Spirit Mother of the West' usually called the 'Queen Mother of the West', who was the object of an ancient religious cult which reached its peak in the Han Dynasty, and also had her mythical abode in these mountains.
The mountains are the site of the fictional city of K'un Lun in the Marvel Comics Iron Fist series and the TV show of the same name.
Her mother, Chen Binbin (), was a dancer, stage actress, and a literature teacher in Sichuan University; Bai's maternal grandfather was a military officer of the Kuomintang army, and thus was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.
Bai Ling has one older sister Bai Jie (), who works for the Chinese tax bureau, and a younger brother Bai Chen (), who emigrated to Japan and works for an American company.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), she learned how to perform by participating in eight model plays, at her elementary school shows.
In 1978, after graduating from high school, she passed the People's Liberation Army's exams, and became an artist soldier in Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet.
Ling later stated that during her time in Tibet she, along with other female performers, was regularly plied with alcohol and sexually abused by older male officers, including one instance of rape that led to a pregnancy she aborted.
Soon after her release from the hospital, in 1981, Bai joined People's Art Theater of Chengdu, and became a professional actress.
She temporarily moved to New York in 1991 to attend New York University's film department as a visiting scholar, but later obtained a special visa that allowed her to remain in the United States until she became a U.S. citizen in 1999.
Her portrayal of the villainous local chef Aunt Mei in the film earned her the 2005 Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actress, and led to her renewed popularity among the Chinese film audience.
She believes that when she looks up at the Moon, she can often spot her grandmother there, still living in her childhood home.
On February 14, 2008, Bai was arrested at Los Angeles International Airport for shoplifting two magazines and a package of batteries.
On March 5, 2008, Bai pleaded guilty to the charge of disturbing the peace, and was fined $200 (US$700 including the fine and penalties).
, Buddhist name , was one of the six senior disciples of Nichiren and was the former chief priest of Kuon-ji temple in Mount Minobu, Japan.
Various Nichiren-related sects based in Japan claim to have been founded by Nikko, including Nichiren Shōshū and some lineages within Nichiren Shu.
These lineages teach that Nikkō kept meticulous scholarly records during his lifetime, along with keeping a highly organized religious practice, and is responsible for much of the records that survive today.
The grave of Nikkō remains today in Kitayama Honmonji, Omosu, in Suruga Province where he lived for thirty-six years, establishing a Buddhist seminary in the Nichiren-shū religion.
He was also instrumental in gaining Nichimoku to become a junior disciple of Nichiren, later appointing him as successor of the Buddhist treasures confiscated from Kuonji Temple, and the appointment as third High Priest of the Taisekiji temple.
On 8 October 1282, Nikkō became one of the six senior priests whom Nichiren designated to carry on his faith after his death.
According to various Nichiren sects that claim Nikko as their founder, on October 13, 1282, Nichiren further designated Nikkō the chief priest of Kuon-ji, the temple at Mt.
Following Nichiren's 100th day funeral ceremonies, Nikkō left Ikegami on October 21 to carry Nichiren's ashes back to Mount Minobu, arriving on October 25.
On the centenarian anniversary of Nichiren's death, Nikkō, the other five senior priests, and their disciples conducted a 100th-day memorial service, after which the others departed for their own territories where they were most active.
Central to his work was attending, cleaning and maintaining Nichiren's tomb, and collecting and cataloguing Nichiren's many writings for preservation and perpetuation.
By the third anniversary of Nichiren's death (13 October 1284), Nikkō claimed that the other five senior priests no longer returned to Nichiren's tomb in Mount Minobu, citing the deer hoofs and other signs of neglect at the gravesite.
Furthermore, Nikko alleged that the other disciples became condescending towards some of Nichiren's writings because they were not written in Classical Chinese, but in the katakana syllabary, which was deemed inferior at the time.
Accordingly, Hagiri Sanenaga provided his own personal reason that it was customary for his political family to make homage to the Shinto shrine of the Kamakura Shogunate, as well as reasoning that he had provided monetary donations to other Buddhist sects even when Nichiren himself was alive.
Furthermore, he felt that Kuon-ji was not the place for perpetuating Nichiren's teachings, causing him to pack up his belongings, and allegedly some relics belonging to Nichiren, to depart, never to return.
Taiseki-ji is today the head temple of the Nichiren Shōshū school and, since its founding on 12 October 1290, has been a major center of the Kōmon-ha (興門派, also called the 富士派: Fuji-ha) branch of Nichiren Buddhism, as the schools stemming from Nikkō were traditionally known.
This mandala is now enshrined inside the Dai-Kyakuden, along with his Juzu beads made of Crystal and Shimamenu Onyx which are now preserved in the Gohozo building of Taisekiji.
For the remaining 36 years of his life, Nikkō then retired a few miles away to Omosu, Suruga Province where he founded a seminary and temple, Ikegami Honmon-ji belonging to Nichiren-shū sect, and concentrated on training disciples until his death in the second lunar month of 1333 at the age of 87.
After his death within this same temple, a statue of the solar goddess Amaterasu Omi-Kami and the protector god Hachiman was enshrined, donated by some early Hokkekō believers.
Some followers of the Nichiren schools stemming from Nikkō, in particular some factions of Nichiren Shu, the Nichiren Shōshū sect, as well as the Soka Gakkai, view Nikkō as the sole legitimate successor to Nichiren.
These documents contained in a treasure box are alleged to have been stolen by clan head Takeda Katsuyori on behalf of the Nishiyama Temple, a faction of Nichiren Shu during the 15th century via force.
Other Nichiren lineages based on the other original five senior disciples vehemently reject this claim of successorship, as they claim the surviving document does not exist in Nichiren's hand or any of his immediate disciples, rather copied down by Nikko's extant disciples.
Instead, such schools claim that Nikko was only a resident priest in Kuonji Temple before 1285, and later became the Chief Priest of that temple from 1285–1289, just before he moved to the Fujinomiya area.
Some of Nikkō's direct disciples also eventually spawned schools that deviated to some degree or another from his own doctrines, often due to political pressure or internal power plays going back and forth to separating or rejoining the Nikko-related temples of the Fujinomiya area before and after the Second World War.
He was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the organization of the French rule in the Ionian Islands, and was nominated to the Institute and made secretary general of the university.
He played as a forward from 1991 to 2007 for Norwich City, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Celtic, Birmingham City and Aston Villa.
Sutton scored over 150 career goals in over 400 league appearances spanning 16 years in the English and Scottish Premier Leagues.
A very physical player, Sutton was a fairly prolific goalscorer throughout his career and was joint top goalscorer (with Dion Dublin and Michael Owen) in the FA Premier League 1997–98 season.
He started his career at Norwich City, initially as a centre-half before being converted into a striker by manager Dave Stringer.
He made his debut on 4 May 1991 in a 1–0 home win over Queens Park Rangers in the First Division.
He quickly found success in his new position as Norwich spent most of the first season of the new FA Premier League, 1992–93, as league leaders, before eventually slipping back to third place under new manager Mike Walker.
Sutton featured in 38 Premier League games that season, scoring eight goals – making him the club's second highest scorer behind Mark Robins.
In the autumn of 1993, he was part of the Norwich side which famously eliminated Bayern Munich from the UEFA Cup.
He scored 25 Premier League goals that season, but after Walker defected to Everton in January to be succeeded by assistant John Deehan, Norwich slipped out of the top five and finished a disappointing 12th in the final table.
By now, Sutton was being linked with some of the biggest clubs in the country, including Blackburn Rovers, Arsenal and Manchester United.
Sutton became the most expensive player in English football in July 1994, when he was transferred from Norwich City to Blackburn Rovers for £5 million.
In his first season at Ewood Park he developed a strong partnership (known as 'SAS') with Alan Shearer (who scored 34 times that season) and scored fifteen Premier League goals to help secure the club's first league title since 1914.
A succession of injuries, combined with a loss of form, saw him make just 13 Premier League appearances during 1995–96 and fail to score a single league goal.
Shearer's regular strike partner that season was Mike Newell, but at the end of the season both Shearer and Newell left the club, leaving Sutton and Kevin Gallacher as Blackburn's only major strikers.
He regained his form over the next three seasons and was the joint highest goalscorer in the Premier League in 1997–98, scoring 18 times.
However, Sutton chased the ball instead of allowing it to be thrown back to Arsenal and won a corner from his efforts.
Blackburn scored from this corner and as a result Arsenal missed out on a lucrative place in the Champions League to Newcastle United on goal difference.
Although Sutton's 18 goals helped Blackburn finish sixth and qualify for the UEFA Cup in 1998, he managed just 17 league games and 3 goals the following season as they were relegated from the Premier League at the end of 1998–99, just four years after being crowned champions.
Most notably, he was absent for the penultimate game of the season on 12 May 1999, which Blackburn had to win to keep their survival hopes alive.
They could only manage a goalless draw at home to Manchester United, who went on to win the title four days later.
His time at Stamford Bridge proved an unhappy one, as he struggled both to live up to the price tag and to adapt to Chelsea's style of play, scoring just one league goal in a 5–0 win against Manchester United in 29 appearances, and three goals in total, the other two coming against Skonto Riga in a Champions League qualifier, and Hull City in the FA Cup.
He failed to even make the bench for the club's FA Cup Final win against Aston Villa, and was sold to Scottish Premier League side Celtic for £6 million in the summer of 2000.
Sutton further endeared himself to Celtic fans four weeks later in his first Old Firm match against Rangers – scoring the first and last goals in a dramatic 6–2 victory for Celtic.
Sutton's goals helped Celtic win three SPL titles, three Scottish Cups and one Scottish League Cup, as well as reaching a UEFA Cup final.
Indeed, many of Sutton's most memorable goals for Celtic were scored in European competition; Ajax away in 2001, Juventus at Celtic Park the same year, goals away at Blackburn Rovers and VfB Stuttgart during the UEFA Cup run to the final in Seville in 2003, and also a thumping volley from close range against Barcelona at Celtic Park in 2004.
Sutton also holds the record for the quickest goal ever in an Old Firm Clash, scored at Ibrox in 2002, scoring inside just 18 seconds.
He failed to apologise and was charged with bringing the game into disrepute, and received a one-match ban to add to the four-match suspension he was serving for abusing match officials on the same day.
Indeed, as 2003–04 drew to a conclusion, a superbly struck injury time winner by Sutton against Rangers at Celtic Park gave his side a clean sweep of victories against their old rivals that season (4 league wins and 1 Scottish Cup win).
Although considered primarily a striker, Sutton was often deployed in central midfield to allow Welsh striker John Hartson – another robust forward – to play up front alongside Larsson.
On occasion Sutton was fielded in his original position of centre-half, notably against Rangers in a league game on 4 October 2003.
With doubts about his fitness and rumours of a fractious relationship with Strachan, it was little surprise when Sutton departed from Celtic on a free transfer in January 2006.
He joined Premier League club Birmingham City on a free transfer in January 2006, but injuries restricted him to just eleven appearances, scoring once in the derby defeat to Aston Villa in mid-April.
One of a number of players on high wages subjected to criticism by club owner David Sullivan, Sutton was released at the end of the season following Birmingham's relegation to the Championship.
Sutton signed for Aston Villa in October 2006, until the end of the 2006–07 season, where he linked up with former Celtic boss Martin O'Neill.
However, in a game against Manchester United in December 2006, he suffered blurred vision, and despite having visited several specialists, did not recover.
He made his debut for The Yachtsmen on 6 October 2012 against Tilbury, coming on in the 63rd minute, 10 minutes after his goalkeeper son Oliver had also made his debut for the Norfolk side.
Sutton's form for Blackburn won him an England cap on 15 November 1997, when he came on in the 79th minute against Cameroon, although he was left out of the World Cup squad after a fall-out with national manager Glenn Hoddle.
Having been relegated to the England B team Sutton refused to play, and Hoddle never selected Sutton for an England squad again.
On 28 September 2009, Sutton was appointed manager of League Two side Lincoln City, succeeding Peter Jackson who was dismissed earlier in the month.
Caretaker manager Simon Clark would take charge of the following day's game, with Sutton and assistant Ian Pearce to take over the day after.
Sutton took Lincoln to the FA Cup third round for the first time since 1999, but lost 4–0 to Premier League outfit Bolton Wanderers.
Football League survival was confirmed on 24 April 2010 when Sutton guided the Imps to a 1–0 victory over promotion-chasing Bury at Sincil Bank, with two games remaining.
Sutton is one of BT Sport's main pundits on their coverage of the SPFL and the Scottish League Cup, regularly appearing alongside Darrell Currie, Stephen Craigan and Ally McCoist.
He acts as the main co-commentator, including on all of Celtic FC's UEFA Champions League games, alongside either Rob MacLean or Rory Hamilton.
In January 2015 he attracted criticism for saying that Celtic's Scottish League Cup semi-final against Rangers would be so one-sided that Celtic could win it blindfolded.
His younger brother John also became a footballer, and has played for a number of clubs in both England and Scotland.
In July 2000, Sutton was convicted of two charges of common assault and fined £300 plus costs after an incident outside a restaurant in which he spat in the face of another man.
They are very robust and long-winged, with fast and strong flight; several species fly during parts of the day, especially when migrating south in autumn.
When roosting, this group is also interesting as they hang from twigs, usually hidden by leaves in trees, and do not use caves.
The northern species, such as the red and hoary bats, have particularly thick and dense fur for extra insulation, and may migrate south in winter, although winter roosting sites can still be quite cool.
This allows them to suckle more than the usual one pup per season that most bats produce, with two or three being common and sometimes four produced, though more rarely.
He studied mathematics and astronomy at the universities of Vienna and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at the University of Krakow in 1832.
Unclaimed property other than money might also be claimed on behalf of the Crown but (as with the UK jurisdictions) this is not inevitable.
If no heirs to an estate can be found then the assets are realised and the balance is transferred to HM Treasury.
They are realised by the division and the revenue passed to the Exchequer, although the division has a power to disclaim onerous assets.
Care should be taken to distinguish between assets remaining when dissolution commences (which, e.g., might be distributed to shareholders or others in that process) and those that for various valid reasons remain undistributed at the end of dissolution.
In Lancaster the beneficiaries are the Duchy of Lancaster Benevolent Fund and the Duchy of Lancaster Jubilee Trust, while in Cornwall The Duke of Cornwall's Benevolent Fund receives the assets.
When the English King established in 1230 the Office of the Royal Escheator to centralize bona vacantia, Earl Edmund of Cornwall pressed his claim to bona vacantia by having his viscounts continue to handle them.
The value of the assets collected in Northern Ireland are separately identified in the annual report of HM Procurator General and Treasury Solicitor Accounts for the Crown's Nominee.
Both of these rights, together with treasure trove, are administered by the Queen's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer, an office held by the Crown Agent, the senior official in the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS).
The states do not take permanent possession, but act as the custodian of the property in perpetuity on behalf of the rightful owner.
Sheringham began his career at Millwall, where he scored 111 goals between 1983 and 1991, and is the club's second all-time leading scorer.
After five seasons at Spurs, Sheringham joined Manchester United where he won three Premiership titles, one FA Cup, one UEFA Champions League, an Intercontinental Cup and an FA Charity Shield.
The pinnacle of his career came when he scored the equaliser and provided the assist for Manchester United's winning goal in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final against Bayern Munich.
After leaving Manchester United at the end of the 2000–01 season, Sheringham re-joined Tottenham Hotspur, where he was a losing finalist in the 2001–02 Football League Cup.
He spent one season at newly promoted Portsmouth, scoring the club's first Premier League goal, before joining West Ham United, where he helped the club gain promotion from the 2004–05 Football League Championship.
The following season, Sheringham appeared for West Ham in the 2006 FA Cup Final, becoming the third-oldest player to appear in an FA Cup Final.
Sheringham is currently the eleventh-highest goalscorer in the history of the Premiership with 146 goals, and is the competition's 19th-highest appearance maker.
He holds the record as the oldest outfield player to appear in a Premier League match (40 years, 272 days) and the oldest player to score in a Premier League match (40 years, 268 days).
Sheringham began his professional career at Millwall in 1982 at the age of 16, after impressing a scout when playing for non-league club Leytonstone & Ilford during a youth team game against Millwall.
He was signed up, initially as an apprentice and scored on only his second appearance for the club in a match away at Bournemouth in January 1984.
After being loaned out by the club twice in 1985 to Aldershot and later a Swedish side, Djurgården, he quickly became a first choice selection at Millwall and during the late 1980s formed a striking partnership with Tony Cascarino.
He was the club's top goalscorer in four seasons (1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89 and 1990–91) and played in every game of the season twice, in 1986–87 and 1990–91.
The 1987–88 season saw the club promoted to the First Division, then the highest tier of English league football, for the first time.
Millwall briefly topped the table at the start of October 1988 and the goals of Sheringham (15) and Cascarino (15) kept Millwall in the top four for most of the season before fading after Easter to finish in 10th position.
Everybody said it couldn't last and of course it couldn't and it didn't, but we gave them all a good run for their money.
Millwall's spell in the top flight was not to last as they were relegated in the following season, finishing bottom of the Division after briefly topping the table again early in the season.
The club had an opportunity to bounce straight back up at the end of the 1990–91 season, reaching the semi-finals of the Division Two play-offs, but they were beaten by Brighton & Hove Albion and remained in the Second Division.
Sheringham's outstanding form during the 1990–91 season saw him finish as the league's highest scorer with 37 goals, a haul which included four hat-tricks.
In his final season at Millwall, Sheringham broke all of the club's goalscoring records, scoring a total of 111 goals in all competitions in his eight years at the club.
The 25-year-old Sheringham was sold to Nottingham Forest in a £2 million deal in July 1991 to play alongside Nigel Clough.
He did well for Forest and helped them finish eighth in the First Division at the end of the 1991–92 season as well as to reach the League Cup final, where they lost to Manchester United.
Sheringham scored Forest's first Premiership goal against Liverpool in August 1992 (which was also the first ever live goal shown on Sky Sports) but a week later he was sold to Tottenham Hotspur for £2.1 million.
Sheringham had a successful start to his career at the club by being the Premiership's top goalscorer in its inaugural season, scoring 22 goals (21 with Tottenham and one with Forest).
In 1993–94, he was Tottenham's top scorer with 14 Premiership goals but played in just 19 games due to injury and this impacted negatively on Tottenham's league form.
The following season was better, as he helped Spurs finish seventh in the Premiership and reach the semi-final of the FA Cup, just missing out on European football for the 1995–96 season.
Jürgen Klinsmann, who partnered Sheringham during the 1994–95 season, was later quoted as claiming that Sheringham was the most intelligent strike partner he had ever had.
Sheringham was hugely popular with the Tottenham fans and by the mid-1990s was firmly established as one of the most highly rated strikers in the Premiership.
However, despite his prolific strike rate by the end of the 1996–97 season he was 31 years old and had yet to win a major trophy in a career which had so far spanned 15 years; many pundits considered him past his best and likely to finish his career without major honours.
He was signed to replace the iconic Eric Cantona whose retirement had left the Old Trafford faithful demanding a big name to fill the gap.
His first competitive game for the club was against Chelsea in the 1997 FA Charity Shield which United won on penalties.
Throughout the game, Sheringham suffered jeers and boos from his former fans, who had been angered by the fact that Sheringham had accused Tottenham of lacking ambition when he made his transfer.
In the 60th minute with the score at 0–0, Sheringham missed a penalty, although ended up on the winning side as two late goals gave United the win.
Sheringham's first season at Old Trafford was difficult – although he scored 14 goals in all competitions he failed to meet expectations as the 1997–98 season ended without the league title.
Towards the end of the season, during a game at Bolton Wanderers, an incident occurred that furthered the animosity with fellow striker Andy Cole.
This had started three years previously in 1995 when Sheringham had snubbed Cole as the latter came on to make his international debut.
Speculation that Sheringham would leave United increased just after the 1998–99 season got underway, when Dwight Yorke moved to Old Trafford from Aston Villa.
Yorke immediately formed a prolific partnership with Cole as United went on to regain the league title on the final day of the season.
Sheringham's first-team chances were relatively limited but he still managed to make enough appearances to qualify for a championship medal at the end of the season – at the age of 33 he had won his first major trophy.
A week later he came off the substitutes bench to score United's opening goal in a 2–0 defeat of Newcastle United in the FA Cup final to secure the double.
Four days after the FA Cup triumph, Sheringham scored a dramatic stoppage-time equaliser against Bayern Munich in the Champions League final, having come on as a substitute earlier in the game.
With seconds of stoppage-time remaining, Ole Gunnar Solskjær scored from Sheringham's headed flick-on, and United won a treble of the Premiership, FA Cup and European Cup with Sheringham – having not won a major honour in his 15-year career on leaving Spurs – now having won every top-level trophy in the English game.
In 2000–01, United secured a third consecutive league title, with Sheringham top-scoring for United and playing some of the best football of his career.
His fine form ensured that he was still involved with the national side despite being in his 35th year, being named in the squad for the 2002 World Cup.
He was facing stiffer competition than ever for the places up front, most of all from United's new Dutch striker Ruud van Nistelrooy.
He refused United's offer of a 12-month contract and returned to Tottenham on a free transfer as one of new manager Glenn Hoddle's first signings.
In his first season back, Sheringham helped Tottenham to a ninth-place finish, the club's highest in 6 years, and to reach the League Cup final where they lost 2–1 to Blackburn Rovers, with Sheringham being brought down in the penalty area in the last minute for what he believed to be a penalty.
On the expiry of his Tottenham contract at the end of the 2002–03 season, Tottenham decided not to offer Sheringham a new contract and he joined Portsmouth in their first season in the Premier League.
Despite this, he was only contracted to the club for one season and, despite scoring in his final game (a 5–1 win victory over Middlesbrough with the club already secure in the top flight), at the end of the 2003–04 season, Portsmouth decided not to offer the 38-year-old striker another contract but he insisted that he wanted to continue his top flight career at another club.
Sheringham then dropped down a division to West Ham United in the Football League Championship, and was the division's third-highest goalscorer with 20 goals (21 in all competitions) – one of the highest scoring seasons of his career.
At the end of the 2004–05 season, Sheringham's one-year contract expired and he agreed to sign on for another season, this time back in the Premiership, at Upton Park.
After a second-half appearance against Charlton Athletic on 2 April 2006, Sheringham joined a small group of footballers, including Les Sealey, John Burridge, Gordon Strachan and later Ryan Giggs, who have played top-flight football while in their 40s.
On 19 August 2006, he became the oldest outfield player in the history of the division, at 40 years 139 days.
Sheringham signed a contract to play for West Ham until the end of the 2006–07 season, and was a player at the club after his 41st birthday.
On 13 May 2006, Sheringham became the third oldest player to appear in an FA Cup final, at 40 years and 41 days old.
On 26 December 2006, at the age of 40 years and 266 days, he beat his own record for oldest Premiership scorer, with the goal in a 2–1 defeat to Portsmouth.
On 30 December 2006 he broke the record for oldest Premiership outfield player once more, starting in the 1–0 defeat against Manchester City, aged 40 years and 270 days.
After being released by West Ham, Sheringham signed for Colchester United in July 2007 and was given the number 8 shirt.
He started Colchester's first game of the season, away at Sheffield United, and scored the first goal in a 2–2 home draw against Barnsley a week later.
Having just served a three match suspension after being sent off against Coventry, Sheringham was once again amongst the scorers in Colchester's 2–1 win at Hillsborough over Sheffield Wednesday.
He scored his fourth and final Colchester goal in a 3–1 FA Cup defeat to Peterborough United on 5 January 2008.
Sheringham made only 3 league appearances in 2008, the last of which came against Stoke City on 26 April 2008, the last ever game at Layer Road.
Whilst at Colchester, Sheringham was the oldest player in all four divisions of the Football League, and is now part of the elite list of players who have achieved more than 700 League appearances in their career.
He retired at the end of the 2007–08 season, his career ending on a low note as Colchester were relegated from the Championship – the club's first relegation for 18 years.
Something of a late developer on the international scene, Sheringham did not win his first England cap until the age of 27 in 1993.
During this time, England had a wealth of strikers with the likes of Andrew Cole, Ian Wright, a young Robbie Fowler and Les Ferdinand all battling to partner Shearer in the England team.
The two formed a famous partnership at international level, as they complemented each other's strengths: Shearer the out-and-out goalscorer, big, strong and powerful, Sheringham just 'dropping off' his strike partner, finding spaces, creating play and providing key passes, forming the link between Shearer and the England midfield.
The pairing came to be known as 'The SAS' ('Shearer and Sheringham') and their most successful time together came in the 1996 European Championships, held in England.
Their most famous contribution was in the 4–1 victory over the Netherlands, a game in the opening group stages in which they both scored twice against one of the strongest teams in the tournament.
Though England were eventually knocked out in the semi-finals, many believed that that squad of players such as Sheringham and his contemporaries including Paul Gascoigne, Steve McManaman, Tony Adams and Paul Ince, had done the nation proud.
Sheringham continued to be a first choice selection under new England manager Glenn Hoddle (1996–99) until the emergence of new teenage superstar Michael Owen during the course of 1998 saw him overshadowed.
Although Sheringham began the 1998 FIFA World Cup as a starting player with Owen on the bench, after Owen replaced him and almost turned around a defeat against Romania in England's second game of the tournament, it seemed likely that Sheringham's front line international career had come to an end.
He was not selected at all for the 2000 European Championships by then manager Kevin Keegan, but the retirement of Shearer (despite being four years younger than Sheringham) from international football after that tournament and the arrival of new manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in 2001 saw a return to international favour for him.
He was often deployed as a tactical substitute late in games by Eriksson, valued for his ability to hold the ball up and create intelligent play.
In 2001, Sheringham scored an important goal for England against Greece in a World Cup qualifying match within 15 seconds of coming on as a substitute, although this event is overshadowed by the 93rd minute equalising free-kick by David Beckham.
He was selected as part of Eriksson's 2002 FIFA World Cup squad after impressing throughout the 01–02 season with his club, and played in the famous 1–0 win against Argentina, almost scoring a goal with a volley that was well saved by the Argentine goalkeeper, and made his final England appearance as a substitute in the 2–1 quarter-final defeat to Brazil in Japan.
At the age of 36, that defeat signalled the final end of Sheringham's international career, during which he had earned fifty-one caps and scored eleven times for England.
A versatile forward, Sheringham was capable of playing as a striker and also as a supporting forward, courtesy of his ability both to score and create goals.
Due to his vision, his ability to read the game, and his short passing ability, Sheringham was capable of playing off another striker, in a deeper, creative role, where he served as an assist provider, in particular in later years, as he lost pace and stamina.
He also possessed good technical ability and upper body strength, which allowed him to retain possession in the box when playing with his back to goal, and lay off the ball for his teammates.
As a centre-forward in his prime, he was also very effective and extremely prolific, due to his accurate finishing, opportunism in the area, intelligence, and his ability in the air, which enabled him to be regarded as one of the top Premier League forwards of his generation.
Upon his retirement from professional football in 2008, Sheringham has been a noticeable figure on the world poker scene, playing in various competitions worldwide.
He made the final table in the €5,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event in the EPT Vilamoura, finishing 5th out of a field of 384 players, winning €93,121.
He was credited with a change in West Ham's style of play which led to a run of good form at the start of the 2014–15 season, earning striker Diafra Sakho the Premier League Player of the Month award for October 2014.
On 21 May 2015, Sheringham was appointed to his first managerial role, taking charge of League Two side Stevenage, replacing Graham Westley.
With the club struggling with injuries, he registered himself as a player, aged 49, for a Herts Senior Cup match against Welwyn Garden City in November of that year, but did not play.
He was sacked on 1 February 2016, with the club 19th in the league having collected only three points from their previous eight matches.
On 24 January 2018, Sheringham was sacked by ATK after winning only three of his ten games in charge of the Kolkata-based outfit.
Production was assumed in May 1942 by Famous Studios, a successor company to Fleischer, who produced eight more cartoons in 1942 and 1943.
Although all entries are in the public domain, ancillary rights such as merchandising contract rights, as well as the original 35mm master elements, are owned today by Warner Bros. Entertainment.
These cartoons are seen as some of the finest quality (and certainly, the most lavishly budgeted) animated cartoons produced during The Golden Age of American animation.
In 1994, the first entry in the series was voted #33 on a list of The 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field.
Not wanting to risk becoming overworked (which could compromise the quality of each project), the Fleischers were strongly (but quietly) opposed to the idea of committing themselves to another major project when they were approached by their studio's distributor and majority owner since May 1941, Paramount Pictures.
To the Fleischers' shock, instead of withdrawing its request, Paramount entered into negotiations with them, and got the per-episode budget lowered to $50,000.
Now the Fleischers were committed to a project they never wanted to do—with more financial and marketing support than they had ever received for the projects they had done thus far.
Rotoscoping, the process of tracing animation drawings from live-action footage, was used minimally to lend realism to the character's bodily movements.
By the end of 1941, the brothers were no longer able to cooperate with each other, and the studio's co-owner Dave Fleischer had left Florida for California, where he would eventually become the new head of Columbia Pictures' Screen Gems studio.
After the Fleischers were removed from the company, Paramount renamed the organization Famous Studios, placing Seymour Kneitel, Isadore Sparber, Sam Buchwald, and Dan Gordon in charge of production.
The sleek look of the series continued, but there was a noticeable change in the storylines of the later shorts of the series after Famous replaced Fleischer as producer.
The first nine cartoons had more of a science fiction aspect to them, as they involved the Man of Steel fighting robots, giant dinosaurs, meteors from outer space, and other perils.
The high cost of the series kept it from continuing in the face of budgetary restrictions that were imposed after removing the Fleischers from the studio.
The first cartoon had a budget of $50,000 (equivalent to $850,365.62 in 2016), and the other sixteen each had a budget of $30,000 (equivalent to $510,219.37 for each of the eight other Fleischer cartoons and $485,414.68 for each of the eight Famous Studios cartoons), bringing the total cost of the series to $530,000 (equivalent to $8,815,438.02 in 2016).
All eventually fell into the public domain, due to National failing to renew their copyrights; thus, they have been widely distributed on VHS, LaserDisc, and DVD.
Fourteen of the shorts are available for $1.99 for every two, while the other three are all in one video for the same price.
According to Blu-Ray.com and Amazon reviews, it was upscaled from standard definition to HD, and the set's video quality and audio quality were criticized.
As all of these cartoons are now in the public domain, free downloadable links from the Internet Archive have been provided.
The Government Legal Department (previously called the Treasury Solicitor's Department) is the largest in-house legal organisation in the United Kingdom's Government Legal Service.
The office was enshrined in law by the Treasury Solicitor Act 1876, which established the Treasury Solicitor as a corporation sole (an office with perpetual succession).
The department employs more than 1,900 solicitors and barristers to provide advice and legal representation on a huge range of issues to many government departments.
The Department was historically known as the Treasury Solicitor's Department, but changed name to the Government Legal Department on 1 April 2015.
In advisory teams, lawyers provide advice to ministers and civil servants on both the current law and on proposed Government policies and future legislation.
The department is the authorised address for service of proceedings on most government departments, by virtue of the list published under the Crown Proceedings Act 1947.
This typically comprises the assets of dissolved companies and the estates of persons who die intestate and with no known kin.
The first (The Solicitor for Negotiating and Looking after the Affairs of the Treasury), which existed alone until 1696, had become a sinecure by 1744, and perhaps as early as 1716; from the late 18th century the office included a salary of £200 a year.
A second Treasury Solicitor, the precursor of the modern office, was established in 1696 and was assigned all the legal business undertaken in Westminster Hall; as the first Solicitor became a sinecure, the second Solicitor became the only one responsible for legal business.
By 1786, its office-holder was carrying out legal work for other secretaries of state and the Attorney-General, and in the early nineteenth century was employed by other government departments as well.
The salary began at £500, increased to £1,000 in 1755 and then to £2,000 in 1794; until the 1830s, the Solicitor also charged fees for work done in departments outside the Treasury, but these were then abolished and he received an allowance of £850 in addition to his salary.
In 1876, Augustus Keppel Stephenson, the Treasury Solicitor, was appointed Queen's Proctor and Procurator General; since then, the offices of Procurator General and Treasury Solicitor have been held together.
For this new kernel a hardware abstraction layer is used which provides the necessary hardware resource information like scanning all zorro boards, PCI boards and local hardware resources.
MorphOS itself has a fully integrated 68k emulator for running many Amiga applications, which were almost exclusively compiled for the 68k processor, while MorphOS itself is PowerPC.
Although it is not technically part of the kernel, and MorphOS can be run without it, Trance is considered a fundamental part of MorphOS and one of its most powerful features.
Compatibility of Trance is considered to be very high and there are few to no 68k instruction sequences or applications which cause it any problems.
Trance was developed by Ralph Schmidt and Teemu Suikki, with minor support from other MorphOS team members, Mark Olsen, Sigbjørn Skjæret and Harry Sintonen.
Under the Quark kernel a PowerPC native reimplementation of the OS known from the Commodore A1000, A500(+), A600, A2000, A1200, A3000(T) and A4000(T) systems runs as a mixture of a virtual emulation and a driver.
A JIT (Just In Time) engine called Trance for MorphOS to speed up old 68k programs beyond the current state of the traditional emulation is also available.
The PPC native Exec supports the PowerPC register model which means there's no difference for this Exec if it runs 68k or PowerPC code.
PowerPC code does not block multitasking inside the OS box like in emulations where the 68k code is just emulated in some host system's task (then every access outside this environment would stop the multitasking in the emulated environment).
For 68k or PowerPC applications it's completely transparent if some library, hook, interrupt is still 68k or already using PowerPC code.
It is one of three continental plates (along with the African and Indian Plates) that have been moving northward in recent geological history and colliding with the Eurasian Plate.
This is resulting in a mingling of plate pieces and mountain ranges extending in the west from the Pyrenees, crossing Southern Europe to Iran, forming the Alborz and Zagros Mountains, to the Himalayas and ranges of Southeast Asia.
The Arabian Plate consists mostly of the Arabian Peninsula; it extends westward at the Sinai Peninsula and the Red Sea and northward to the Levant.
The Arabian Plate was part of the African Plate during much of the Phanerozoic Eon (Paleozoic–Cenozoic), until the Oligocene Epoch of the Cenozoic Era.
Red Sea rifting began in the Eocene, but the separation of Africa and Arabia occurred approximately in the Oligocene, and since then the Arabian Plate has been slowly moving toward the Eurasian Plate.
There are large volcanic fields called the Older Harrats, such as Harrat Khaybar and Harrat Rahat, cover large parts of the western Arabian Plate.
Because the Arabian Plate and Eurasian Plate collide, many cities are in danger such as those in southeastern Turkey (which is on the Arabian Plate).
Countries within the plate include parts of the Iraq, Levant (eastern Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan), the entire Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Yemen), and Djibouti on the Horn of Africa.
Throughout his club career, he played for Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sydney and Sunderland, mainly as a forward, between 1988 and 2009.
He was the assistant manager of the Trinidad and Tobago national team until the completion of the qualifying matches for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Yorke scored 123 goals in the Premier League, a record for a non-European which was not broken until Sergio Agüero in 2017.
He helped his nation reach the semi-finals of the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and also helped Trinidad and Tobago to qualify for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in its history, later representing his national side in the final tournament in 2006.
Yorke was first discovered by Graham Taylor, at the time the Aston Villa manager, on a tour of the West Indies in 1989.
Yorke appeared in a team that played a friendly match against Aston Villa, Taylor was impressed and offered Yorke a trial at Villa.
Yorke was subsequently given a permanent contract and he made his First Division debut for Aston Villa against Crystal Palace on 24 March 1990: Crystal Palace won the game 1–0.
During his time with Aston Villa, from 1989 to 1998, Yorke played initially as a right winger until the 1995–96 season, he then switched to centre forward and quickly established himself as one of the Premier League's top strikers.
Newcastle were leading 3–1 at half-time and Aston Villa were down to ten men, with Mark Draper being sent off late in the first half.
Yorke showed great character in leading his team in a brave fight back by scoring two more goals in the second half to complete his hat-trick, although it was to no avail as Aston Villa still lost the game.
Yorke thought he had scored a fourth goal to equalise the game at 4–4, only for it to be ruled offside.
He also has the distinct honour of being the last ever Villa player to score in front of the old Holte End standing terrace, notching both goals in a 2–1 victory on the final day of the 1993–94 season, 7 May 1994.
John Gregory, Aston Villa manager at that time, made it known that the club did not want to sell Yorke to Manchester United unless they were prepared to exchange striker Andy Cole.
Yorke then approached Gregory to state that he wanted to leave the club, to which Gregory was later attributed as saying that he would have shot Yorke if he had had a gun in his office.
Yorke played for Villa on the opening day of the season at Everton on 15 August 1998, however it appeared he made no effort during the match as he was unhappy at not being allowed to leave the club.
Villa were left with no option but to sell the player and he was transferred to Manchester United for £12.6 million on 20 August 1998.
Despite spending 9 years at Villa he is disliked by some of its fans for his behaviour at the time he left the club and also because he later joined Birmingham City.
In his first season Yorke was a key player in guiding his club to a unique treble of the Premier League title, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League, and forming a legendary partnership with Andy Cole.
Yorke finished the season as the top league goalscorer with 18 goals and contributed goals against Bayern Munich, Barcelona, Internazionale, and Juventus in the Champions League, and he won the Premier League Player of the Season.
Despite a less successful third season personally, Yorke scored a hat-trick in the top of the table clash with Arsenal as United went on to win a third successive title.
Yorke's limited appearances in the 2001–02 season led to rumours that he'd fallen out with United boss, Sir Alex Ferguson, following his much publicised relationship with British model Jordan.
Yorke spent two years at Blackburn Rovers, where he rejoined his old United strike partner, Andy Cole, he managed 13 goals in his first year at Blackburn helping them finish 6th and qualify for the UEFA Cup, the following season he was in and out of the team and fell out with manager Graeme Souness.
It was rumoured that Souness accused him of not trying hard enough, and during a six-a-side match the pair once exchanged a few tough tackles.
Yorke started his Birmingham career well with a goal on his home debut against Charlton which went a long way in winning over sceptical fans owing to his lengthy association in the past with city rivals Aston Villa.
He scored the first goal for Sydney FC in its first A-League regular season match, a diving header against the Melbourne Victory.
Yorke came to Sydney FC with the biggest pedigree of all players in the A-League, having won the treble with Manchester United.
He played a major role in leading Sydney FC to victory in the inaugural A-League Grand Final on 5 March against regional rivals Central Coast Mariners.
He set up the only goal, scored by Steve Corica, in front of a sell out crowd of over 41,000 at Aussie Stadium, and was awarded the Joe Marston Medal as best player in the grand final.
Aside from his footballing talents, the drawing power and credibility he brought both locally and internationally proved to be beneficial for the competition in its inaugural season, leading the FFA to use his image and name for the promotion of the A-League's second season.
In June 2006, Yorke trained with Manchester United in a bid to keep a high level of fitness prior to the 2006 World Cup, although he was at that time contracted to Sydney FC.
The game was considered his 'farewell game' as he never had the chance to say a proper farewell to the fans at Sydney FC.
Yorke made his debut in the home match against Leicester City and received a rapturous standing ovation from home fans when he came on as a substitute in the first half.
He scored his first goal for Sunderland in the 2–1 loss against Stoke and was accepted by the people of Sunderland, switching on the city's Christmas lights in 2006.
However, following Sydney FC's signings at the time it seemed unlikely that Sydney would have been able to fit him under the salary cap.
It was reported that Yorke play for rivals Central Coast Mariners, the team bankrolled by the man who brought him to Sydney, Peter Turnbull.
He was named man of the match for his performance against Arsenal on 4 October 2008, with Sunderland drawing 1–1 at home.
Following Roy Keane's departure from the post of Sunderland manager in December 2008, Yorke and Neil Bailey were named as assistants to Ricky Sbragia.
Yorke has completed his Level B coaching badge, and in 2010 was quoted as being interested in pursuing a career in coaching, ideally with Aston Villa.
Yorke was capped 72 official times for the Trinidad and Tobago national team, scoring 26 goals, but has played over 100 matches for T&T that were not recognised as international friendlies.
Along with his friend Russell Latapy, Yorke was a member of the 1989 'Strike Squad', the national team which narrowly failed to qualify for the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
He retired from international football in 2001 after a disagreement with the side's coach; however he returned to the team for the 2006 World Cup qualifying campaign, in which the team qualified for the World Cup finals for the first time in their history after a 2–1 aggregate qualifying victory over Bahrain.
Yorke was captain for all of Trinidad and Tobago's games at the 2006 FIFA World Cup and was Man of the Match in the 0–0 draw against Sweden, pipping his close friend Shaka Hislop to the honour despite the then West Ham goalkeeper making several world-class saves.
He was one of six players in the Trinidad squad (the others being Brent Sancho, Dennis Lawrence, Chris Birchall, Carlos Edwards and Stern John) to have played every minute of the campaign.
However, he made a guest return appearance for a friendly against England in June 2008 after being invited by FIFA vice-president Jack Warner.
On 10 July 2008, the TTFF announced Yorke's return to the national team for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign.
On 15 October 2008, he scored his first international goal after returning from retirement against the United States in a 2010 World Cup Qualification match.
His goal was a crucial tie-breaker scored in the 79th minute, which put Trinidad and Tobago in a great situation to advance to the next qualifying stage, needing only a tie against Cuba in their final game.
After being released from Sunderland and being unable to find a club before the end of the current transfer window, Yorke retired from football altogether in September 2009, and took up the post of assistant manager with the Trinidad and Tobago national team.
Yorke was once in a brief relationship with Page 3 model Katie Price; they had a son, Harvey York, who is autistic, partially blind and has the genetic disorder Prader-Willi syndrome.
For his contribution to the national team in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Yorke was made a Sports Ambassador for Trinidad and Tobago.
The Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian: , Cyrillic: ); sign: KM; code: BAM) is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It replaced the Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar, Croatian kuna and Republika Srpska dinar as the single currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1998.
A syllable after an accented syllable whose vowel is pronounced as a long and with a continuous tone (neither rising or falling) is said to have a genitive length (although, word need not to be necessarily in the genitive case in order to have genitive length on its syllable; it can be in locative, too).
The banknotes are issued by the Central Bank of Bosnia Herzegovina, with distinct designs for the entities of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, except for the largest denomination – 200-mark note.
The portraits of Ivan Franjo Jukić and Meša Selimović, which are both writers, were featured by consensus between both entities on all 1 and 5 notes used between 1998 and 2010.
On 15 May 2002, a 200 banknote, designed by Robert Kalina, was introduced during a promotion that was held in the Central Bank of BH.
The reverse design which depicts a bridge is meant to resemble the euro banknotes, which were also designed by Robert Kalina.
After an international tender, the Austrian company Oesterreichische Banknoten und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH (OeBS) in Vienna was chosen to print the notes.
Officially, only one banknote has not been released in circulation because of a mistake, even though other banknotes with mistakes had been issued.
The retractability allows the centreboard to be raised to operate in shallow waters, to move the centre of lateral resistance (offsetting changes to the sailplan that move the centre of effort aft), to reduce drag when the full area of the centreboard is not needed, or when removing the boat from the water, as when trailering.
Lt. John Schank (c. 1740 – 6 February 1823) was an officer of the British Royal Navy and is credited with the invention of the centerboard.
A centreboard (often called a lifting foil in a modern racing dinghy) is used to provide lift to counter the lateral force from the sails.
This is required for sailboats to move in directions other than downwind, since the force of the sail is never closer than 45 degrees to the apparent wind.
Since most sailboats are symmetric along their axis of motion, when sailing upright, the lateral force can come from either side, which means that centreboards must use symmetric foil shapes so they will operate with equal efficiency on either tack.
The centerboard, daggerboard or bilgeboard can be used as a recovery platform upon which to stand, providing increased leverage, in the event the dinghy overturns via a capsize or turtle.
A long narrow centreboard produces less drag than a short, wide one for a given amount of lift, resulting in a faster boat that can point closer into the wind.
A fore and aft, pivoting centreboard can also be used to move the centre of lateral resistance aft to match a change in sail plan, such as furling or dropping the jib.
A retracting centreboard is more complex than a fixed keel, and most take up space inside the hull of the boat that could otherwise be used for passenger accommodation.
Other types feature a casing under the boat, which does not take up space but instead has the problem of increased drag.
The keel provides the housing for the centreboard, moving it out of the hull, but adds only a small amount of draft to the boat.
This also provides a measure of safety should the boat run aground—the force of impact will push the foil back into the centreboard trunk, rather than breaking it, as might happen if the board were locked in place.
The mass of a ballasted foil means that a system of pulleys may be required to allow the sailor to lift the foil, and a method of latching the board in the upward position is needed.
A centreboard differs from a ballast keel in that centreboards do not contribute to the stability of the vessel; their purpose is to provide lateral resistance.
On larger sailing vessels, a similar design is sometimes incorporated to enable navigation into shallower water than a fixed keel would allow.
In such installations on offshore vessels, the keel should ideally be lockable in any position, so that it does not fall back into the keel well if the vessel is inverted.
The buildings are idealized reconstructions from between the 1922 and 1941, which were designed based on archeological digs of the Wasserburg Buchau at Federsee.
After 1945 the museum was led by the controversial but knowledgeable archeologist Hans Reinerth, one of the leading Nazi archaeologists of Amt Rosenberg.
The Peninsular Ranges (also called the Lower California province) are a group of mountain ranges that stretch from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula; they are part of the North American Coast Ranges, which run along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Mexico.
The Peninsular Ranges include the Santa Ana Mountains, Temescal and other mountains and ranges of the Perris Block, San Jacinto and Laguna ranges of southern California continuing from north to south with the Sierra de Juárez, Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Sierra de San Borja, Sierra de San Francisco, Sierra de la Giganta, and Sierra de la Laguna in Baja California.
Palomar Mountain, home to Palomar Observatory, is in the Peninsular Ranges in San Diego County, as is Viejas Mountain and the San Ysidro Mountains.
Rocks in the ranges are dominated by Mesozoic granitic rocks, derived from the same massive batholith which forms the core of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California.
They are part of a geologic province known as the Salinian Block which broke off the North American Plate as the San Andreas Fault and Gulf of California came into being.
Between this set of ranges and the Transverse Ranges is the complex Malibu Coast—Santa Monica—Hollywood fault, which exists as the border between these two mostly geologically unitary provinces.
On western-coast side of the northern portion of the ranges the California montane chaparral and woodlands sub-ecoregion of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion covers in southern California and northern Baja California.
On western-coast side of the southern portion of the ranges the Baja California desert ecoregion covers in the southern portion of the Peninsular Ranges in Baja California and Baja California Sur.
On eastern side of northern ranges, the Sonoran Desert ecoregion covers southeastern California and northeastern Baja California as far south as the town of Loreto, Baja California Sur.
On the eastern side of the Laguna Mountains in San Diego County the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park is known for its springtime profusion of Colorado Desert (Sonoran) wildflowers.
On eastern-Gulf of California side of the southern portion of the ranges the Gulf of California xeric scrub ecoregion covers the range in Baja California Sur.
The Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests cover upper slopes of Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir ranges in Baja California.
The southern end of the Baja California Peninsula, including the Sierra de la Laguna Peninsular Range, was, like the rest of the peninsula, originally part of the Mexican mainland.
It was sheared off the mainland, becoming at one time an island, and evolved in relative isolation from the northern part of the peninsula and ranges.
It includes three distinct ecoregions, the Sierra de la Laguna dry forests, Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests, and San Lucan xeric scrub.
The Laser, is a highly popular family of small one-design sailing dinghies using the same common hull and interchangeable rigs with different sail areas.
A commonly cited reason for its popularity is that it is robust and simple to rig and sail, while also providing very competitive racing due to the very tight class association controls which eliminate differences in hull, sails and equipment.
This allows for a wide range of sailors to sail and compete in a range of wind conditions despite the laser's small ideal crew weight range for a given rig.
Three rigs are recognised by the International Laser Association: original Laser standard with a sail area of 7.06 m²; the Laser Radial with a sail area of 5.76 m²; and the Laser 4.7 with a sail area of 4.7 m².
The dinghy is manufactured by independent companies under licence in different parts of the world, including Performance Sailcraft Australia (Oceania) and Performance Sailcraft Japan.
The Laser became a men's Olympic-class boat at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, and a special Olympic edition of the boat was released that year in commemoration.
A version with a smaller sail, the Laser Radial (see below), was first sailed as a women's Olympic-class boat at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
In 2019, the Laser's status as an Olympic class was reviewed, and retained on the condition that the class complied with the Olympic equipment manufacturers (OEM) policy, allowing any suitably qualified manufacturer to supply boats and class equipment on a Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) basis.
The Class association operates on four levels: the world level; a regional level based around continents; a district level based around states in the USA and Australia, and nations elsewhere, and at a local fleet level.
Sailors are prohibited from making any changes to the hull, sail and spars unless specifically and positively permitted by the rules and are only allowed to use original parts.
The Laser Standard sail has a sail area of 7.06 m² (76 ft²) and, especially in higher winds (15 knots and over), is most competitive when sailed by a very fit, agile, and muscular person weighing no less than 80 kg (175 lb).
In recent years and to move the boat with the changing times, the basic sail controls have been upgraded by means of the XD performance kit.
Fitting these kits allows the outhaul and cunningham to be adjusted more easily when under sail via cleats fitted to the deck so that the lines are always available to the sailor.
The boom vang's positioning is largely unchanged, but features a swivelling cleat and now affords a purchase of up to 15:1 for super vanging in heavy air.
A vendor-supplied clew-cuff, an upgraded traveller and mainsheet boom-blocks with bearings and a new brake design have been approved by class-rules and are available for sale.
Fast Laser sailing requires an advanced level of fitness in order to endure the straight-legged hiking and body-torque techniques essential in getting upwind and reaching quickly.
Since 1998 Laser sailing has increased not only to be physical upwind and reaching, but also to include far more demanding sailing and potential speed increases when sailing downwind.
To maximize their speed, boats will often be sailed by the lee, where the air flow over the sail is reversed from its usual direction and thus travels from the lee to the luff of the sail.
This change in technique for downwind racing has changed most dinghy racing to be much more competitive on the downwind legs and resulted in a change of the international course shape from a traditional triangle to a trapezoid giving greater opportunity for increased upwind and straight downwind legs.
In addition, downwind laser sailing can very easily result in a death roll where the boat rocks, flips and capsizes to windward, or the lesser-known big brother of the death roll: the California Roll, where the boat capsizes to windward but the sailor is pushed under the boat before popping up the other side.
Places for world championships are limited due to high demand and are allotted to countries on the basis of the number of paid association members in each country.
A Laser's date and place of manufacture can be determined by looking at the serial number stamped into the transom or under the fairlead on the bow on older hulls.
This serial number is unique to the boat and is also the same number that must be displayed on the sail if used for racing.
The Laser is unusual in this aspect, since almost every other sailing craft has the numbers assigned by the national organization.
Since lasers are registered by their hull number, and not their rig, swapping a boat between standard, radial and 4.7 classes is a simple matter of swapping the rig, including sails with a number that corresponds to the hull number.
Three of these rigs, the Standard, Radial and 4.7 are recognised by the International Laser Association, while other rigs have also been developed by third parties and are also available.
In Europe the smaller Radial sail has surpassed the original Laser Standard sail in popularity and replaced the Europe Dinghy as the Women's Singlehanded Dinghy for the 2008 Olympics.
The Radial uses the same hull and fittings as the Laser Standard, but has a smaller sail (5.8 m²) than the Standard with a different cut, and has a shorter lower mast section.
The sail area was reduced by 35% from the Standard (from 7 m² to 4,7 m²) with a shorter, pre-bent bottom mast section, allowing even lighter sailors to sail it.
Optimal weight for this rig is 110–145 lb (50–65 kg), thus becoming an ideal boat for young sailors moving from the Optimist/RS Tera who are still too light for a normal Laser.
This is primarily because the shorter top section didn't allow enough bend to be induced in the mast (as the bottom section is very stiff), this made the boat difficult to sail and de-power especially in heavier winds.
Rooster Sailing, a company based in the UK, designed and created a larger rig for the Laser hull called the Rooster 8.1, specifically designed for heavier sailors.
Either a 3.6 metre one-piece aluminium lower mast section or a fibreglass extender to fit the Laser Standard aluminium lower mast section.
The Rooster 8.1 rig is not recognised for racing in events run under the rules of the official International Laser Class Association.
Intensity Sails, a US company based in Warwick, RI, designed and sells a larger sail (10.2m^2) with a square head for the Laser Standard rig called the Powerhead and like the Rooster is specifically designed for heavier sailors.
The sail works on a Standard Laser rig section and requires no changes making its use easy for light air sailing and larger sailors.
The Powerhead sail is not recognised for racing in events run under the rules of the official International Laser Class Association.
Bruce Kirby withdrew the license he had issued to LaserPerformance and later filed a lawsuit against LaserPerformance and Farzad Rastegar on March 4, 2013, claiming non-payment of design royalties.
Kirby required the International Sailing Federation on March 25, 2013, to ask the International Laser Class Association to stop issuing ISAF license plaques to LaserPerformance (Europe) Limited, claiming that LaserPerformance were no longer a licensed builder.
Instead ISAF and the ILCA issued a new plaque design, and changed the class rules so that a builder no longer needed to be licensed by Bruce Kirby.
In 2019 the ILCA moved against Laser Performance (the UK licensed builder which also owned the trademark on the Laser name) and withdrew its right to build officially measured boats.
The name derives from several barns erected here outside the city walls in 1672 by order of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg.
Jewish cultural and commercial life was, however, centred on the neighbouring Spandauer Vorstadt, where the New Synagogue and other Jewish establishments are located.
The album was originally intended for release only in areas such as the United States and Japan, where the tracks were only available on expensive European import singles.
However, it did reach the Top 20 in various charts around the world, going on to sell over 2 million copies.
He was the third of their four children; his siblings were Þorsteinn (born 1800), Rannveig (born 1802) and Anna Margrét (born 1815).
In 1821 he returned home to Öxnadalur to be confirmed, before going away to a school in Skagafjörður, where he was taught by the Reverend Einar H. Thorlacius.
After passing his final examinations in 1829, Jónas moved to Reykjavík and was employed by a sheriff as a clerk, living in his home.
It is said that sometime in the winter of 1831–1832, Jónas proposed to a woman called Christiane Knudsen, but he was rejected.
He began working for a law degree, but after four years switched to literature and natural sciences, excelling in both subjects.
After graduation he was awarded a grant from the state treasury to conduct scientific research in Iceland, a project which he worked on from 1839 to 1842.
Sigurjón came up against serious opposition from a number of the political élite, including Ólafur Thors, who was then Prime Minister of Iceland.
The government informed him that Jónas' bones were state property, and would be buried at the national burial ground at Þingvellir, alongside the poet Einar Benediktsson.
Sigurjón covered most of the cost, even paying for Matthías Þórðarson, the director of the National Museum, to oversee the excavation.
The process was a lengthy one, because a father and son had been buried on top of Jónas in 1875, and another couple in 1900, and they needed to be excavated first.
He drove north with them, intending to bury them in Öxnadalur in defiance of the government, but the priests there refused to perform the rites.
The coffin stood in a church for a week before being driven back south and buried in the government's chosen spot on 16 November, Jónas' birthday.
The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea.
It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than and spread over an ocean area of between the Solomon Sea to the north and the Coral Sea to the south.
The archipelago is divided into the Local Level Government (LLG) areas Bwanabwana Rural (western part, with Basilaki), Louisiade Rural (central part, with Misima), and Yaleyamba (eastern part, with Rossell and Vanatinai islands).
The seat of the Bwanabwana was Samarai from the Louisiade archipelago, but was recently transferred to the mainland of Papua New Guinea to the city of Alotau.
The islands were discovered by a Spanish expedition led by Luis Váez de Torres in 1606, that was part of the Fernandez de Quiros fleet which had sailed from South America in search of Australia.
More than a century later, in 1768, Louis Antoine de Bougainville visited the islands and named them for Louis XV, the king of France.
A pretender is one who maintains or is able to maintain a claim that they are entitled to a position of honour or rank, which may be occupied by an incumbent (usually more recognised), or whose powers may currently be exercised by another person or authority.
Most often, it refers to a former monarch, or descendant thereof, whose throne is occupied, claimed by a rival or has been abolished.
A pretender was, therefore, simply one who put forward or professed a claim to a title or, in modern terms, a claimant.
People in the latter category often assume the identities of deceased or missing royalty to support their claim, and are sometimes referred to for clarity as false pretenders or royal impersonators.
Ancient Rome knew many pretenders to the offices making up the title of Roman Emperor, especially during the crisis of the Third Century.
These are customarily referred to as the Thirty Tyrants, which was an allusion to the Thirty Tyrants of Athens some five hundred years earlier; although the comparison is questionable, and the Romans were separate aspirants, not (as the Athenians were) a Committee of Public Safety.
Most seriously, after the fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade in 1204, and its eventual recovery by Michael VIII Palaiologos, there came to be three Byzantine successor states, each of which claimed to be the Roman Empire, and several Latin claimants (including the Republic of Venice and the houses of Montferrat and Courtenay) to the Latin Empire the Crusaders had set up in its place.
He was acknowledged as rightful heir to the thrones of Cyprus, Armenia, Jerusalem, and Antioch, although he never made serious efforts to pursue the claims.
The claimant to the throne of the last Greek kingdom is Constantine II, who reigned as king from 1964 to 1973.
The establishment of the First Republic and the execution of Louis XVI in 1793 led to the king's son becoming pretender to the abolished throne, styled as Louis XVII.
As Louis XVII was a child and imprisoned in Paris by the revolutionaries, his uncle, the Comte de Provence, proclaimed himself regent in his nephew's name.
Charles X and his son, Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, abdicated their claims in favor of Charles's grandson, Henri, Count of Chambord; however, their cousin the Duke of Orléans, a descendant of Louis XIV's younger brother, mounted the throne as Louis Philippe I, King of the French.
For most of the July Monarchy, the legitimists, as supporters of the exiled senior line came to be known, were uncertain of whom to support.
On his uncle's death, Chambord claimed the crown, but lived in exile and upon his death in 1883, the direct male-line of Louis XV became extinct.
In 1848, Louis Philippe was himself overthrown by the February Revolution, and abdicated the throne in favor of his young grandson, Philippe, Comte de Paris.
Those efforts failed in the 1850s, but after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870, when a royalist majority was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, fusion again became the monarchist strategy.
As a result, in 1873 the Count of Paris withdrew his own bid for the throne and recognized Chambord as legitimate pretender to the French crown.
In spite of this apparent unity among royalist forces, restoration of the monarchy was not to be; Chambord refused to accept the Tricolor flag, which rendered him unacceptable to most Frenchmen as a constitutional king.
On the other side, Anjou's renunciation is held to be invalid because prior to the revolution it was a fundamental tenet of the French monarchy that the crown could never be diverted from the rightful heir of Hugh Capet.
Moreover, although the Orléans volunteered to defer their rival claim to the throne after 1873, the regicidal vote of their ancestor Philippe Égalité in 1789 and the usurpation of Louis Philippe in 1830 are alleged to have extinguished all rights to the throne for the Orléans branch.
The Orléanist line, which returned to live in France when the law of banishment was repealed in 1950, is represented by Prince Jean, Duke of Vendôme, senior male-line descendant of King Louis Philippe.
In addition to these two claims to the historic royal throne of France, there have also been pretenders to the imperial throne of France, created first by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 and recreated by his nephew Emperor Napoleon III in 1852 (abolished 1870).
This claim is today disputed between Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon and his own father, the self-avowed republican Prince Charles Napoléon (deemed to be excluded from the succession due to a non-dynastic re-marriage), both descendants of Napoleon I's youngest brother, Jérôme Bonaparte.
There is much debate over who is the legitimate heir to the Russian throne, and bitter dispute within the family itself.
She is the only child of Grand Duke Vladimir who died in 1992, a great-grandson of Tsar Alexander II, whom some considered the last male dynast of the House of Romanov.
Some of her opponents believe she is ineligible to claim the throne because she was born of a marriage that would have been deemed morganatic under Russia's monarchy, which was abolished in 1917.
Others oppose her for reasons similar to those of the anti-Orleanist rationale: her grandfather's perceived disloyalty and dynastic ambition are seen as removing any rights which might otherwise have belonged to her branch of the former dynasty.
Still others maintain that the restrictive, pre-revolutionary marital rules of the Romanovs leave no one who can claim to be rightful heir to the dynasty's legacy.
Others recognized Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia as head of the family, being a descendant of Emperor Nicholas I and the elected president of the Romanov Family Association, which consists of most living male-line descendants of the Romanov emperors.
Neither he nor his younger brother, Prince Dimitri Romanov, had sons and since their deaths no new claims have been advanced by this branch.
Anna Anderson attempted to prove she was Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, the lost daughter of Nicholas II, but DNA testing on her remains eventually proved her to be an impersonator.
Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen (born 1952), recently converted to the Eastern Orthodoxy, is the latest pretender to the Russian throne under the name of Prince Nikolai Kirillovich of Leiningen.
He is the grandson of Grand Duchess Maria Cyrillovna of Russia, (sister of Vladimir, and aunt of Maria Vladimirovna), and great-grandson of Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia.
The Monarchist Party of Russia supports Prince Nikolai as the heir of the Russian throne, since they are of the opinion that Maria Vladimirovna Romanova and Nicholas Romanov are not dynasts.
After the execution by England of the Stuart King Charles I in 1649, his son Charles II was proclaimed king in Scotland (where he was crowned in 1651) and Ireland; but those two countries were invaded by English forces and annexed to the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell in 1653.
Thus, Charles II was pretender to the throne of England from 1649 to the restoration of 1660, and exiled/deposed King of Scots and King of Ireland, 1653 to 1660.
He had converted to Catholicism but this only became a worry when his second wife bore a son who would precede his two Protestant daughters.
James made several attempts to regain the throne before his death in 1701, the most important of which was an effort he made with Irish support - that country having not yet acceded to the succession of William and Mary - which led to the Battle of the Boyne and the Battle of Aughrim, and set the stage for the subsequent Jacobite risings (or rebellions).
The Jacobites had ceased to have much political significance after the failure of the 1745 uprising, and the movement essentially became completely dormant after Henry's death.
Genealogically, the next most senior line to the English and Scottish thrones was through James II's youngest sister, Henriette Anne, whose daughter had married into the House of Savoy.
Owain Glyndŵr (1349–1416) is probably the best-known Welsh pretender, though whether he was pretender or Prince of Wales depends upon one's source of information.
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, who died in 1282, was the only Prince of Wales whose status as ruler was formally recognised by the English Crown, though three of the four men who claimed the throne of Gwynedd between the assumption of the title by Owain Gwynedd in the 1160s and the loss of Welsh independence in 1283 also used the title or similar.
Since 1301, the title of Prince of Wales has been given to the eldest living son of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of United Kingdom, 1801).
Upon the death of Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title.
The title is not automatic, however, but merges into the Crown when a prince dies or accedes to the throne, and has to be re-conferred by the sovereign.
He was indeed proclaimed Prince of Wales by his supporters on 16 September 1400, and his revolt in quest of Welsh independence was not quashed by Henry IV until 1409.
Later, however, one of Glyndŵr's cousins, Owain Tudor, would marry the widow of Henry V, and their grandson would become Henry VII, from whom the current British monarch is descended (through his daughter Margaret Tudor, who married James IV of Scotland).
The various minor kingdoms that came together to form what is today known as the Principality of Wales each had their own royal dynasty.
After 878 the ruling dynasties in these kingdoms each claimed descent from the sons of Rhodri Mawr who had conquered them or otherwise achieved their thrones during his reign.
Merfyn was descended from royalty through his own father Gwriad and claimed ancestors from among the rulers of British Rheged (in particular Llywarch Hen).
It was acknowledged by all of the realms of Wales after the time of Rhodri Mawr that the House of Gwynedd (known as the House of Aberffraw) was senior and homage should be paid by each of them to the king of Gwynedd.
The business of Irish pretenders is rather more complicated because of the nature of kingship in Ireland before the Norman take-over of 1171.
In both Ireland and early Gaelic Scotland, succession to kingship was elective, often (if not usually) by contest, according to a system known as Tanistry.
Because of the laws of succession, there could not be a pretender to this title in the sense it is normally understood.
From the 5th century onwards the kingship tended to remain within the dynasty of the Uí Néill until Brian Boru of Munster wrested control of much of Ireland from Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill in 1002.
Following his death in 1014 and that of Máel Sechnaill in 1022, the struggle for dominance resulted in Norman intervention from Henry II of England in 1171.
There were later attempts by Irish rulers fighting against the Normans to revive the High Kingship such as in 1258 when Brian Ua Néill of Cenel Eoghan was so acknowledged, in 1262 when the crown was offered to Haakon IV of Norway and in 1315 when an offer was made to the Scottish Edward Bruce.
Some Irish rebels discussed offering the Irish throne to Prince Joachim of Prussia (son of Kaiser Wilhelm II) before the 1916 Easter Rising.
After the failure of the Rising, the royalists were a minority among the rebels, and so the offer was never made.
According to Hugo O'Donnell, 7th Duke of Tetuan, Éamon de Valera raised the idea of an Irish monarchy with his great-grandfather Juan O'Donnell.
Cem Sultan, eldest of the sons of Mehmet the Conqueror born during his reign, claimed the Sultanate, but born during the reign of his father, he was defeated in battle months later by his eldest brother (by birth) Bayezid II.
After the Ottoman Empire was abolished and the Republic of Turkey came into power, the successive heads of the Ottoman family claimed the throne of the Turkish empire.
Their rivalry was resolved in 1392: while every emperor of the Southern Court enthroned prior to 1392 was established as legitimate, the throne was determined by Emperor Go-Komatsu of the Northern Court and his successors.
Since 1911, the Japanese government has declared the southern claimants were actually the rightful emperors despite the fact that all subsequent emperors including the then-Emperor Meiji were descended from the Northern Court, reasoning the Southern Court retained possession of the Three Sacred Treasures, thus converting the emperors of the former Northern court into mere pretenders.
In contemporary usage, it referred to German citizens, the word signifying people from the German ', i.e., Imperial Germany or ', which was the official name of Germany between 1871 and 1949.
The opposite of the ' is, then, depending on context and historical period, ', ' (however, usually meaning German citizens living abroad), or a more specific term denoting the area of settlement, such as Baltic Germans or Volga Germans (').
The reason for the differentiation is that there has been a historical shift in the meaning of what belonging to a nation means.
The idea of a ', as advocated by philosophers like (1744–1803) and (1762–1814), includes German first language, religion (in different forms), and already sometimes German origin, descent or race in a vague sense.
With the 1871 unification of Germany under Prussian leadership, the concept of the German people first acquired a legal-political meaning, which they have retained until now.
For someone who considered themselves German but living abroad, e.g., in multi-ethnic Austria-Hungary, ' meant any German who was a citizen of the German , as opposed to someone living abroad (and usually without a German passport).
Part of the identity of ethnic German minorities living abroad — a classic example are the Baltic Germans — was to define themselves as German, using the pre-1871 concept.
It was however not until the German nationality law (') of 1913 finally established the citizenship of the German Reich, whereas earlier political rights (including the claim to receive identity papers and passports) derived from one's citizenship of one of the States of the German Empire.
The citizens of some German states comprised also autochthonous or immigrant ethnic minorities of other than German ethnicity, which is why citizens of the German Empire always also comprised people of other ethnicity than the German (e.g.
After World War II and the establishment of the West German Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, the analogous terms ' (i.e., Federal Germans) and ' (i.e., Federal citizens) were colloquially used to distinguish ' citizens from people entitled to German citizenship, but as a matter of fact unwilling or unable to exercise it, such as citizens of East Germany (') and East Berlin, or of the Saar Protectorate.
The delegations that attended the first events were mostly countries of the former Eastern bloc and it was not until 1980, the 12th annual International Chemistry Olympiad, that the event was held outside of the bloc in Austria.
Up to 4 students for each national team compete around July in both a theoretical and an experimental sections, with about half of the participants being awarded medals.
Students must be under the age of 20 and must not be enrolled as regular students in any post-secondary education institution.
Countries who wish to participate in the IChO must send observers to two consecutive olympiads before their students can participate in the event.
A total of 68 countries took part in the 38th IChO in 2006: 67 as participants and 1 as an observer.
Both have durations of up to 5 hours, and are held on separate days with the practical examination usually being before the theoretical examination.
Each examination is evaluated independently from the other and the sum of the results of the examinations determines a participant's overall result.
The international jury, which consists of the 2 mentors from each of the participating countries, discusses the competition tasks and translates them into the language of their students' preference.
After the examinations are held and evaluated by a committee appointed by the host country and before awards are presented, mentors discuss the evaluation of the exams with judges of the committee to assure fairness in their evaluation.
Because the mentors review the examinations before they are given to participants, any communication between the mentors and the students is strictly forbidden prior to the completion of both exams, and the students are required to surrender any mobile phones and laptop computers to the organizer.
The syllabus of the competition contains subjects from several areas of chemistry, including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and spectroscopy.
Though some of these subjects are included in most secondary school chemistry programs, for the most part, they are evaluated at a much deeper level and many may require a level of knowledge and understanding comparable to that of post-secondary education.
In addition, the host country of each IChO issues a set of preparatory problems well in advance of the competition every year.
Preparation for the International Chemistry Olympiad demands a high level of understanding and interest in chemistry and an outstanding ability to relate chemical subjects with one another as well as with the practical world.
Gold medals are awarded to approximately the top 10% of students, silver medals are awarded to approximately the next 20% of students, and bronze medals are awarded approximately to the next 30% of students.
These events are also outstanding opportunities for the students to meet people from all around the world who share similar interests, to visit different places, and to get in touch with different cultures.
While each country is free to choose its team by whatever means it seems appropriate, the selection process usually involves holding regional and national olympiad competitions.
It is agreed that such training programs must not exceed a total duration of two weeks but there are allegations every year that some countries exceed this limit by months or even years.
Another concern is that some countries tend to bring the same students to the competition year after year, which helps them win better medals.
Although some believe that this is against the spirit of the olympiad, many nations find it hard to justify leaving their best students at home.
Invitations were sent by the Czechoslovak national committee to all Warsaw Pact countries, except Romania (due to political issues between Romania and USSR).
However, in May 1968, relations between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union became so delicate that only Poland and Hungary participated in the first international competition.
The second chemistry Olympiad took place in 1969 in Poland, and Bulgaria also participated, with USSR and GDR only sending observers.
The decision was made to invite more socialist countries to future competitions and to limit the number of pupils to four.
There was no Olympiad held in 1971, as at the end of the competition in 1970, an organizer and host for the next event could not be agreed on.
This was solved for the next three years by diplomatically agreeing on the Soviet Union to host 1972, Bulgaria in 1973, and Romania in 1974, starting the tradition to decide the host years in advance.
The Federal Republic of Germany was the first NATO-country with an observer present and this was only able to occur because the Brandt government had contracts in the East.
The first Olympiad in a non-socialist country took place 1980 in Linz in Austria, although the Soviet Union did not participate.
With the fall of the Iron Curtain and the break-up of the Soviet Union into independent states in the early 1990s, the number of participants increased again.
Preparatory problems, final results, and the theoretical and practical examinations from particular competition can be found on the respective IChO's website.
The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was a space telescope for infrared light designed and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), in cooperation with ISAS (now part of JAXA) and NASA.
The ISO was designed to study infrared light at wavelengths of 2.5 to 240 micrometres and operated from 1995 to 1998.
The €480.1-million satellite was launched on 17 November 1995 from the ELA-2 launch pad at the Guiana Space Centre near Kourou in French Guiana.
The launch vehicle, an Ariane 44P rocket, placed ISO successfully into a highly elliptical geocentric orbit, completing one revolution around the Earth every 24 hours.
The primary mirror of its Ritchey-Chrétien telescope measured 60 cm in diameter and was cooled to 1.7 kelvins by means of superfluid helium.
The ISO satellite contained four instruments that allowed for imaging and photometry from 2.5 to 240 micrometres and spectroscopy from 2.5 to 196.8 micrometers.
Currently, ESA and IPAC continue efforts to improve the data pipelines and specialized software analysis tools to yield the best quality calibration and data reduction methods from the mission.
In 1979 IRAS was in an advanced stage of planning and the expected results from IRAS led to the first proposal for ISO made to ESA in the same year.
With the rapid improvements in infrared detector-technology, ISO was to provide detailed observations for some 30,000 infrared sources with much improved sensitivity and resolution.
ISO was to perform 1000 times better in sensitivity and 100 times better in angular resolution at 12 micrometres compared to IRAS.
A number of follow-up studies resulted in the selection of ISO as the next installment for the ESA Scientific Programme in 1983.
Next came a Call for Experiment and Mission Scientist Proposals to the scientific community, resulting in the selection of the scientific instruments in 1985.
Design and development of the satellite started in 1986 with Aérospatiale's space division (currently absorbed into Thales Alenia Space) leading an international consortium of 32 companies responsible for manufacture, integration and testing of the new satellite.
The payload module also held a conical sun shade, to prevent stray light from reaching the telescope, and two large star trackers.
The latter were part of the Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS) which provided three-axis stabilisation of ISO with a pointing accuracy of one arc second.
It consisted of Sun and Earth sensors, the before-mentioned star trackers, a quadrant star sensor on the telescope axis, gyroscopes and reaction wheels.
The complete satellite weighed just under 2500 kg, was 5.3 m high, 3.6 m wide and measured 2.3 m in depth.
The service module held all the warm electronics, the hydrazine propellant tank and provided up to 600 watts of electrical power by means of solar cells mounted on the sunpointing side of the service module-mounted sunshield.
The cryostat of the payload module surrounded the telescope and science instrument with a large dewar containing a toroidal tank loaded with 2268 litres of superfluid helium.
Cooling by slow evaporation of the helium kept the temperature of the telescope below 3.4 K and the science instruments below 1.9 K. These very low temperatures were required for the scientific instruments to be sensitive enough to detect the small amount of infrared radiation from cosmic sources.
Without this extreme cooling, the telescope and instruments would see only their own intense infrared emissions rather than the faint ones from afar.
It was of the Ritchey-Chrétien type with an effective entrance pupil of 60 cm, a focal length ratio of 15 and a resulting focal length of 900 cm.
Very strict control over straylight, particularly that from bright infrared sources outside the telescope's field of view, was necessary to ensure the guaranteed sensitivity of the scientific instruments.
A combination of light-tight shields, baffles inside the telescope and the sunshade on top of the cryostat accomplished full protection against straylight.
ISO always pointed between 60 and 120 degrees away from the Sun and it never pointed closer than 77 degrees to Earth, 24 degrees to the Moon or closer than 7 degrees to Jupiter.
A pyramid-shaped mirror behind the primary mirror of the telescope distributed the infrared light to the four instruments, providing each of them with a 3 arc-minute section of the 20 arc-minute field of view of the telescope.
All four instruments were mounted directly behind the primary mirror of the telescope, in a circular arrangement, with each instrument taking up an 80 degree segment of the cylindrical space.
After a very successful development and integration phase ISO was finally launched into orbit on November 17, 1995 on board an Ariane-44P launch vehicle.
After early commissioning primary control over ISO was handed over to the Spacecraft Control Centre (SCC) at Villafranca in Spain (VILSPA) for the remainder of the mission.
Cool-down of the cryostat proved to be more efficient than previously calculated, so the anticipated mission length was extended to 24 months.
Between December 9, 1995 and February 3, 1996 the 'Performance Verification Phase' took place, dedicated to commissioning all instruments and fixing problems.
The perigee of ISO's orbit lay well inside the Van Allen radiation belt, forcing the science instruments to be shut down for seven hours during each pass through the radiation belt.
The perigee point of ISO's orbit was below the radio horizon of the mission control centers at both VILSPA and Goldstone, thus forcing the science instruments to be switched off at perigee.
At 23:07 UTC the same day, the temperature of the science instruments had risen above 4.2 K and science observations were ceased.
A few detectors in the SWS instrument were capable of making observations at higher temperatures and remained in use for another 150 hours to make detailed measurements of an additional 300 stars.
In the month following depletion of coolant the 'Technology Test Phase' (TTP) was initiated to test several elements of the satellite in off-nominal conditions.
After completion of TTP, the perigee of ISO's orbit was lowered sufficiently enough to ensure ISO will burn up in Earth's atmosphere in 20 to 30 years after shutdown.
1000 Blank White Cards is a party game played with cards in which the deck is created as part of the game.
Since any game rules are contained on the cards (rather than existing as all-encompassing rules or in a rule book), 1000 Blank White Cards can be considered a sort of nomic.
It can be played by any number of players and provides the opportunity for card creation and gameplay outside the scope of a single sitting.
Creating new cards during the game, dealing with previous cards' effects, is allowed, and rule modification is encouraged as an integral part of gameplay.
There are no initial rules, and while there may be conventions among certain groups of players, it is in the spirit of the game to spite and denounce these conventions, as well as to adhere to them religiously.
For many typical players, though, the game may be split into three logical parts: the deck creation, the play itself, and the epilogue.
A deck of cards consists of any number of cards, generally of a uniform size and of rigid enough paper stock that they may be reused.
Some may bear artwork, writing or other game-relevant content created during past games, with a reasonable stock of cards that are blank at the start of gameplay.
Some time may be taken to create cards before gameplay commences, although card creation may be more dynamic if no advance preparation is made, and it is suggested that the game be simply sprung upon a group of players, who may or may not have any idea what they are being caught up in.
If the game has been played before, all past cards can be used in gameplay unless the game specifies otherwise, but perhaps not until the game has allowed them into play.
Though cards are created at all times throughout the game (except the epilogue), it is necessary to start with at least some cards pre-made.
Depending on the desired duration of the game a deck of 80 to 150 cards is usual, and of these approximately half will be created before the start of play.
If a group doesn't already possess a partial deck they may choose to start with fewer cards and to create most of the deck during play.
Whether or not the group possesses a deck already (from previous games), they will usually want to add a few more cards, so the first phase of the game involves each player creating six or seven new cards to add to the deck.
When the deck is ready, all of the cards (including blanks) are shuffled together and each player is dealt five cards.
Cards can be played to any player (including the person playing the card), or to the table (so that it affects everyone).
Cards with lasting effects, such as awarding points or changing the game's rules, are kept on the table to remind players of those effects.
Play continues until there are no cards left in the central deck and no one can play (if they have no cards that can be played in the current situation).
Since the cards created in any game may be used as the beginning of a deck for a future game, many players like to reduce the deck to a collection of their favourites.
The epilogue is simply an opportunity for the players to collectively decide which cards to keep and which to discard (or set aside as not-for-play).
Retaining and replaying those cards which seem at the moment less than perfect can help reduce a certain stagnation and tendency to over-think that can otherwise overtake the game's momentum.
If a player feels a card is boring and useless to gameplay, they will nominate it for admission to The Suck Box.
All players present then vote (sometimes lobbying for their cases), and the card either goes into The Suck Box or gets to remain in the primary deck.
Ironically, when The Suck Box was introduced, one player created a card for the express purpose of adding it to The Suck Box.
Its role in the game is both as itself and as whatever information it carries, which can be changed, erased or amended.
The cards used vary widely in size, from the original x Vis-Ed brand flash cards, to half or full index cards, to simply sheets of A7 sized paper.
Cards may be created with any marking medium and need not conform to any conventions of size or content unless specified within the scope of the game.
Many cards have been created which demanded their own modification, destruction or duplication, and many have been created which display nothing but a picture or text bearing no explicit significance whatsoever.
It can award or deny points, cause a player to miss a turn, change the direction of play, or do anything the player can think of.
As conceived, the game is far broader, as it is not inherently limited in length or scope, is radically self-modifying, and can contain references to, or actual instances of, other games or activities.
The game can also encode algorithms (trivially functioning as a Turing machine), store real-world data, and hold or refer to non-card objects.
He was inspired by seeing a product at a local coffeehouse: a box of 1000 Vis-Ed brand blank white flash cards.
The game physically survived but with the loss of their regular meeting place the majority of the original players fell out of contact with one another, and soon most had moved on to other cities.
Aaron Mandel, a former Madison resident, brought the game to Harvard University and started an active playgroup which changed the size of the cards to the more standard half-index dimensions ().
The game's inventor and its original players have frequently expressed amusement at the spread of a game they regarded mostly as a brilliant but highly idiosyncratic bit of conceptual humor which provided them with an excuse to draw goofy cartoons.
They are all black except for the inner primaries, which are white-tipped, the white secondaries, and a white scapular stripe which, unlike the ivory-billed woodpecker, does not extend onto the neck.
The female is similar, but her crest is all black and (unlike the female ivorybill) recurved at the top, lacking any red.
The bird was once widespread and, until the early 1950s, not uncommon throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, from western Sonora and Chihuahua southwards to Jalisco and Michoacán.
It is likely that, in the past, the woodpecker's range followed the Sierra Madre north into Arizona, but by the time it was scientifically described in the 19th century it was already confined to Mexico.
The imperial woodpecker prefers open montane forests made up of Durango, Mexican white, loblolly and Montezuma pines, as well as oak, usually between above sea level.
A mated pair requires a very large area of untouched mature forest to survive, approximately ; outside the breeding season, the birds are reported to form small groups of up to a dozen individuals and move about a wide area, apparently in response to the availability of food.
The main food source, beetle larvae in snags, is probably distributed in patches and peaks within a short period of time.
If operating in groups of seven or eight individuals, the minimum area of old-growth forest for a group is 98 km2.
It was not historically a rare species within a suitable habitat, but the total population probably never numbered more than 8,000 individuals (Lammertink et al.
Any remaining population is assumed to be tiny (numbering fewer than 50 mature individuals) based on the lack of confirmed records since 1956; analyses of remaining habitats indicate that no tracts remain which are large enough to support the species.The last confirmed record was from Durango in 1956, and the species is very likely now extinct.
These factors are the reason why the species has not been seen in over 60 years, although there have been local reports of sightings.
Researchers believe that their decline was also accelerated by active eradication campaigns conducted by logging interests, by over-hunting — for use in folk medicine, and because nestlings were considered a delicacy by the Tarahumara.
It has been hunted for sport, food and for medicinal purposes over a long period of time, and feathers and bills were reportedly used in rituals by Tepheuana and Huichol tribes in the south of Durango.
Additionally, imperial woodpeckers are stunning birds, and as the species became increasingly rare, many were apparently shot by people who had never encountered such a bird, and wanted to get a closer look.
Increasing effort in conservation biology is being devoted to the analysis of the extinction risk as well as the search for the rare, long unseen, species.
There are a handful of more recent, unconfirmed sightings, the most recent of which closely followed the 2005 publication of the purported rediscovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker.
(1996), after extensively reviewing post-1956 reports, conclude that the species did indeed survive into the 1990s in the central part of its range, but also consider a continued survival very unlikely.
According to them, the population was always restricted in historic times, although the species was indeed present in maximum density before a catastrophic decline during the 1950s.
The lack of good records from that time is apparently based more on lack of research than on actual rarity, but this seems to have changed radically only one decade later.
As part of this campaign, the foresters gave the local residents poison to smear on trees that the birds foraged on.
Gallagher suspects that such a campaign of poisoning may be the key to the species' apparent catastrophic population crash in the 1950s, which has hitherto lacked a satisfactory explanation.
The imperial woodpecker is known from about 160 museum specimens and a single amateur film from 1956 depicting one bird climbing, foraging and flying.
Gallagher's inspiration to search for the imperial woodpecker was the discovery of this 1956 film by dentist William Rhein, who made several trips to Mexico in search of the imperial woodpecker.
The European Patent Convention (EPC), also known as the Convention on the Grant of European Patents of 5 October 1973, is a multilateral treaty instituting the European Patent Organisation and providing an autonomous legal system according to which European patents are granted.
However, a European patent is not a unitary right, but a group of essentially independent nationally-enforceable, nationally-revocable patents, subject to central revocation or narrowing as a group pursuant to two types of unified, post-grant procedures: a time-limited opposition procedure, which can be initiated by any person except the patent proprietor, and limitation and revocation procedures, which can be initiated by the patent proprietor only.
The EPC provides a legal framework for the granting of European patents, via a single, harmonised procedure before the European Patent Office.
A single patent application, in one language, may be filed at the European Patent Office in Munich, at its branch in The Hague, at its sub-office in Berlin, or at a national patent office of a Contracting State, if the national law of the State so permits.
Before 1978, two important problems when seeking to obtain patent protection in Europe in a number of countries were first the need to file a separate patent application in each country, with a subsequent distinct grant procedure in each country, and secondly the need to translate the text of the application into a number of different languages.
Different languages are indeed utilised across the European countries and there is substantial expense in preparing translations into each of those languages.
While the European Patent Convention does not totally overcome the need for translations (since a translation may be required after grant to validate a patent in a given EPC Contracting State), it does centralise the prosecution in one language and defers the cost of translations until the time of grant.
The meetings of the Committee nevertheless led to two Conventions, one on the formalities required for patent applications (1953) and one on the international classification of patent (1954).
The Council's Committee then carried on its work on substantive patent law, resulting in the signature of the Strasbourg Patent Convention in 1963.
The signature of the Convention was the accomplishment of a decade-long discussion during which Kurt Haertel, considered by many as the father of the European Patent Organisation, and François Savignon played a decisive role.
The Convention entered into force on 7 October 1977 for the following first countries: Belgium, Germany (then West Germany), France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland and United Kingdom, and on 1 May 1978 for Sweden.
However, the first patent applications were filed on 1 June 1978 (date fixed by the Administrative Council which held its first meeting on 19 October 1977).
The EPC is separate from the European Union (EU), and its membership is different; Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, Monaco, Iceland, Norway, North Macedonia, San Marino, Albania and Serbia are members of the EPO but are not members of the EU.
A diplomatic conference was held in November 2000 in Munich to revise the Convention, amongst other things to integrate in the EPC new developments in international law and to add a level of judicial review of the Boards of Appeal decisions.
Throughout the history of the EPC, some non-contracting States have concluded cooperation agreements with the European Patent Organisation, known as extension or validation agreements.
As is the case in EPO contracting states, the rights conferred to European patents validated/extended to these states are the same as national patents in those states.
As of November 2019, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro have extension agreements with the EPO so that, in effect, these states can be designated in a European patent application.
The European Patent Convention currently does not lead to the grant of centrally enforceable patents in all 38 countries, although the European Union patent would allow for unitary effect: centrally enforceability throughout 24 of the 27 countries of the European Union.
The Convention also includes provisions setting out filing requirements of European applications, the procedure up to grant, the opposition procedure and other aspects relating to the prosecution of patent applications under the Convention.
European patent applications may be filed in any language, but they are prosecuted only in one of the three official languages of the EPO – English, French and German.
If an application is filed in another language than an official language, a translation must be filed into one of the three official languages, within two months from the date of filing.
European patent applications are prosecuted in a similar fashion to most patent systems – the invention is searched and published, and subsequently examined for compliance with the requirements of the EPC.
Once granted by the EPO, a European patent comes into existence effectively as a group of national patents in each of the designated Contracting States.
The opposition procedure, governed by the EPC, allows third parties to file an opposition against a European patent within 9 months of the date of grant of that patent.
It is a quasi-judicial process, subject to appeal, which can lead to maintenance, maintenance in amended form or revocation of a European patent.
Simultaneously to the opposition, a European patent may be the subject of litigation at a national level (for example an infringement dispute).
National courts may suspend such infringement proceedings pending outcome of the opposition proceedings to avoid proceedings running in parallel and the uncertainties that may arise from that.
In contrast to the unified, regional character of a European patent application, the granted European patent does not comprise, in effect, any such unitary character, except for the opposition procedure.
In other words, one European patent in one Contracting State is effectively independent of the same European patent in each other Contracting State, except for the opposition procedure.
A European patent confers rights on its proprietor, in each Contracting State in respect of which it is granted, from the date of publication of the mention of its grant in the European Patent Bulletin.
This means that the European patent is granted and confers rights in all its designated Contracting States at the date of mention of the grant, whether or not a prescribed translation is filed with a national patent office later on (though the right may later be deemed never to have existed in any particular State if a translation is not subsequently filed in time, as described below).
In other Contracting States, no translation needs to be filed, for example in Ireland if the European patent is in English.
In those Contracting States where the London Agreement is in force the requirement to file a translation of the European patent has been entirely or partially waived.
ownership, validity, and infringement, are determined independently under respective national law, except for the opposition procedure, limitation procedure, and revocation procedure as discussed above.
Though the EPC imposes some common limits, the EPC expressly adopts national law for interpretation of all substantive attributes of a European patent in a Contracting State, with a few exceptions.
Thus, almost all post-grant proceedings – including renewal, revocation proceedings (when initiated by somebody else than the proprietor), and infringement enforcement are determined under national law.
EPO Boards of Appeal decisions are not precedential at all upon national courts, which have exclusive jurisdiction on validity and infringement after a European patent has been granted (except during the 9-month opposition period, which can only relate to validity).
However, national courts will tend to take note, and may find 'persuasive', decisions of the EPO Boards, though they can disagree with them.
The authentic text of a European patent application and of a European patent are the documents in the language of the proceedings.
All other substantive rights attached to a European patent in a Contracting State, such as what acts constitute infringement (indirect and divided infringement, infringement by equivalents, extraterritorial infringement, infringement outside the term of the patent with economic effect during the term of the patent, infringement of product claims by processes for making or using, exports, assembly of parts into an infringing whole, etc.
), the effect of prosecution history on interpretation of the claims, remedies for infringement or bad faith enforcement (injunction, damages, attorney fees, other civil penalties for wilful infringement, etc.
), equitable defences, coexistence of an EP national daughter and a national patent for identical subject matter, ownership and assignment, extensions to patent term for regulatory approval, etc., are expressly remitted to national law.
For a period in the late-1990s, national courts issued cross-border injunctions covering all EP jurisdictions, but this has been limited by the European Court of Justice.
A national court may partially invalidate a European patent in a Contracting State, e.g., by revoking only some claims, or by permitting amendment to the claims, the description or the drawings, as allowed by national law.
The EPC requires all jurisdictions to give a European patent a term of 20 years from the filing date, the filing date being the actual date of filing an application for a European patent or the date of filing of an international application under the PCT designating the EPO.
The term of a granted European patent may be extended under national law if national law provides term extension to compensate for pre-marketing regulatory approval.
In case of conflict between the provisions of the EPC and those of the PCT, the provisions of the PCT and its Regulations prevail over those of the EPC.
This means that it is no longer possible to obtain a national patent protection through the international (PCT) phase without entering into the regional European phase and obtaining a European patent.
The Indo-Australian Plate is a major tectonic plate that includes the continent of Australia and surrounding ocean, and extends northwest to include the Indian subcontinent and adjacent waters.
The eastern part (Australia) is moving northward at the rate of per year while the western part (India) is moving only at the rate of per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas.
This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the Indian and Australian Plates.
A third plate, known as the Capricorn Plate, may also be separating off the western side of the Indian plate as part of the continued breakup of the Indo-Australian Plate.
Recent studies, and evidence from seismic events such as the 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes, suggest that the Indo-Australian Plate may have broken up into two or three separate plates due primarily to stresses induced by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate with Eurasia along what later became the Himalayas, and that the Indian Plate and Australian Plate have been separate since at least .
Brixton Market comprises a street market in the centre of Brixton, south London, and the adjacent covered market areas in nearby arcades Reliance Arcade, Market Row and Granville Arcade (recently rebranded as 'Brixton Village').
The market sells a wide range of foods and goods but is best known for its African and Caribbean produce, which reflect the diverse community of Brixton and surrounding areas of Lambeth.
The covered arcades have always been in private ownership, although substantial public funding was provided for their refurbishment under the Brixton Challenge grant scheme.
The Market began on Atlantic Road in the 1870s and subsequently spread to Brixton Road which had a very wide footway.
Brixton then was a rapidly expanding London railway suburb with newly opening shops, including the first London branch of David Greig at 54-58 Atlantic Road in 1870, and London's first purpose-built department store, Bon Marché, on Brixton Road in 1877.
Electric Avenue which is now part of the street market was built in the 1880s and was one of the first streets to have electric light.
In 2016, Electric Avenue was refurbished with funding from the Mayor of London's High Street Fund, Lambeth Council, Transport for London and the Heritage Lottery fund to include an illuminated sign celebrating the area's history.
The market arcades were built in the 1920s and 1930s when road widening on Brixton Road forced traders from their established pitches.
It incorporates the original Georgian house and has a beautiful Egyptian tomb facade to Electric Lane; it was extended forward by Ernest J Thomas in 1931.
Brixton Village, Coldharbour Lane was built as Granville Arcade in 1937 to designs of Alfred and Vincent Burr; the developer was Mr Granville-Grossman.
The three market arcades in close proximity, forming an extensive network of stalls, are rare survivals and their special character is what marks out Brixton as distinctive from other suburban shopping centres: a mixture of history, interesting architecture, the variety of goods on sale and the cultural mix of Brixton, known as the symbolic 'soul of black Britain'.
Since 2011, the shops in Brixton Village and, more recently, Market Row and Reliance Arcade have increasingly converted into cafes and restaurants, serving a wide range of different cuisines.
In 2007, Market Row and Brixton Village were sold along with the other London market interests of APL Ocean Ltd to London & Associated Properties.
The proposal included the removal of the existing building and the building of a 10-story privately owned residential tower block and private park, above a new market building.
In April 2010 the Secretary of State of the Department of Culture (DCMS) announced that the government had overturned its previous decision not award heritage protection to these three arcades and declared all three Grade II listed buildings.
They were listed by virtue of their cultural importance and contribution to the social and economic history of Brixton, particularly since the 1950s as one of the principal hearts of the Afro-Caribbean community in London, as well as for their architectural importance since such arcades, once more common, are now rare.
In 2015, Network Rail contacted the merchants trading from the commercial premises located under the railway arches on Atlantic Road indicating plans to close those premises for a year for refurbishment as part of the Brixton Central masterplan for redevelopment of the area.
This led to public outcry from traders, many of whom had been occupying their retail space for decades, claiming that this closure was an excuse to hike the rent as they would be able to come back to occupy the same space, but with a 350% increase to their rent.
In 2017, the majority of the arches traders ceased trading and hoardings were installed over the empty premises, but development has stalled due to complications involving the leases of two of the arches tenants.
The observatory was launched on December 12, 1970 into an initial orbit of about 560 km apogee, 520 km perigee, 3 degrees inclination, with a period of 96 minutes.
It performed the first comprehensive survey of the entire sky for X-ray sources, with a sensitivity of about 0.001 times the intensity of the Crab nebula.
The lower energy limit was determined by the attenuation of the beryllium windows of the counter plus a thin thermal shroud that was needed to maintain temperature stability of the spacecraft.
The two sets of counters were placed back to back and were collimated to 0.52° × 0.52° and 5.2° × 5.2° (full width at half maximum) respectively.
Uhuru achieved several outstanding scientific advances, including the discovery and detailed study of the pulsing accretion-powered binary X-Ray sources such as Cen X-3, Vela X-1, and Her X-1, the identification of Cygnus X-1, the first strong candidate for an astrophysical black hole, and many important extragalactic sources.
The Uhuru Catalog, issued in four successive versions, the last being the 4U catalog, was the first comprehensive X-ray catalog, contains 339 objects and covers the whole sky in the 2–6 keV band.
The final version of the source catalog is known as the 4U Catalog; earlier versions were the 2U and 3U catalogs.
It was named in recognition of the hospitality of Kenya from where it was launched, from the Italian San Marco launch platform near Mombasa.
Thrones are sometimes equated with ophanim since the throne of God is usually depicted as being moved by wheels, as in the vision of (Old Testament).
Twilight on Earth is the illumination of the lower atmosphere when the Sun itself is not directly visible because it is below the horizon.
Twilight is produced by sunlight scattering in the upper atmosphere, illuminating the lower atmosphere so that Earth's surface is neither completely lit nor completely dark.
civil dusk) are used to refer to the start of morning civil twilight and the end of evening civil twilight, respectively.
Under clear weather conditions, civil twilight approximates the limit at which solar illumination suffices for the human eye to clearly distinguish terrestrial objects.
Such statutes typically use a fixed period after sunset or before sunrise (most commonly 20–30 minutes), rather than how many degrees the sun is below the horizon.
Examples include the following periods: when drivers of automobiles must turn on their headlights (called lighting-up time in the UK); when hunting is restricted; when the crime of burglary is to be treated as nighttime burglary, which carries stiffer penalties in some jurisdictions.
In the US, civil twilight for aviation is defined in Part 1.1 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) as the time listed in the American Air Almanac.
Morning nautical twilight begins (nautical dawn) when the geometric center of the sun is 12 degrees below the horizon in the morning and ends when the geometric center of the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon in the morning.
Evening nautical twilight begins when the geometric center of the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon in the evening and ends (nautical dusk) when the geometric center of the sun is 12 degrees below the horizon in the evening.
Nautical dawn is the moment when the geometric center of the Sun is 12 degrees below the horizon in the morning.
Nautical dusk is the moment when the geometric center of the Sun is 12 degrees below the horizon in the evening.
Before nautical dawn and after nautical dusk, sailors cannot navigate via the horizon at sea as they cannot clearly see the horizon.
Sailors can take reliable star sightings of well-known stars, during the stage of nautical twilight when they can distinguish a visible horizon for reference (i.e.
Under good atmospheric conditions with the absence of other illumination, during nautical twilight, the human eye may distinguish general outlines of ground objects but cannot participate in detailed outdoor operations.
This is partially due to tactics dating back to the French and Indian War (part of the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763), when combatants on both sides would launch attacks at nautical dawn or dusk.
Astronomical dawn is the moment when the geometric center of the Sun is 18 degrees below the horizon in the morning.
Astronomical dusk is the moment when the geometric center of the Sun is 18 degrees below the horizon in the evening.
Morning astronomical twilight begins (astronomical dawn) when the geometric center of the sun is 18° below the horizon in the morning and ends when the geometric center of the sun is 12° below the horizon in the morning.
Evening astronomical twilight begins when the geometric center of the sun is 12° below the horizon in the evening and ends (astronomical dusk) when the geometric center of the sun is 18° below the horizon in the evening.
In some places (away from urban light pollution, moonlight, auroras, and other sources of light), where the sky is dark enough for nearly all astronomical observations, astronomers can easily make observations of point sources such as stars both during and after astronomical twilight in the evening and both before and during astronomical twilight in the morning.
However, some critical observations, such as of faint diffuse items such as nebulae and galaxies, may require observation beyond the limit of astronomical twilight.
Theoretically, the faintest stars detectable by the naked eye (those of approximately the sixth magnitude) will become visible in the evening at astronomical dusk, and become invisible at astronomical dawn.
In the evening, even when astronomical twilight has yet to end and in the morning when astronomical twilight has already begun, most casual observers would consider the entire sky fully dark.
Because of light pollution, observers in some localities, generally in large cities, may never have the opportunity to view even fourth-magnitude stars, irrespective of the presence of any twilight at all, and to experience truly dark skies.
Observers within 48°34’ of the Equator can view twilight twice each day on every date of the year between astronomical dawn, nautical dawn, or civil dawn, and sunrise as well as between sunset and civil dusk, nautical dusk, or astronomical dusk.
This also occurs for most observers at higher latitudes on many dates throughout the year, except those around the summer solstice.
However, at latitudes closer than 9 degrees (between 81° and 90°) to either Pole, the Sun cannot rise above the horizon nor sink more than 18 degrees below it on the same day on any date, this example of twilight cannot occur because the angular difference between solar noon and solar midnight elevates less than 18 degrees.
At latitudes greater than 48°34’ North or South, on dates near the summer solstice, twilight can last from sunset to sunrise, since the Sun does not go more than 18 degrees below the horizon, so complete darkness does not occur even at solar midnight.
These latitudes include many densely populated regions of the Earth, including the entire United Kingdom and other countries in northern Europe.
This can occur only at locations within 5.5 degrees of latitude of the Pole, and there only on dates close to the winter solstice.
At all other latitudes and dates, the polar night includes a daily period of twilight, when the Sun is not far below the horizon.
Around winter solstice, when the solar declination changes slowly, complete darkness lasts several weeks at the Pole itself, e.g., from May 11 to July 31 at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.
At latitudes within 9 degrees of either Pole, as the sun's angular elevation difference is less than 18 degrees, twilight can last for the entire 24 hours.
This occurs for one day at latitudes near 9 degrees from the Pole and extends up to several weeks the further towards the Pole one goes.
The only permanent settlement to experience this condition is Alert, Nunavut, Canada, where it occurs for a week in late February, and again in late October.
The apparent travel of the sun occurs at the rate of 15 degrees per hour (360° per day), but sunrise and sunset happen typically at oblique angles to the horizon and the actual duration of any twilight period will be a function of that angle, being longer for more oblique angles.
This angle of the sun's motion with respect to the horizon changes with latitude as well as the time of year (affecting the angle of the Earth's axis with respect to the sun).
At Greenwich, England (51.5°N), the duration of civil twilight will vary from 33 minutes to 48 minutes, depending on the time of year.
There is no astronomical twilight at the poles near the winter solstice (for about 74 days at the North Pole and about 80 days at the South Pole).
As one gets closer to the Arctic and Antarctic circles, the sun's disk moves toward the observer's horizon at a lower angle.
Within the polar circles, twenty-four-hour daylight is encountered in summer, and in regions very close to the poles, twilight can last for weeks on the winter side of the equinoxes.
Outside the polar circles, where the angular distance from the polar circle is less than the angle which defines twilight (see above), twilight can continue through local midnight near the summer solstice.
The precise position of the polar circles, and the regions where twilight can continue through local midnight, varies slightly from year to year with Earth's axial tilt.
The lowest latitudes at which the various twilights can continue through local midnight are approximately 60.561° (60°33′43″) for civil twilight, 54.561° (54°33′43″) for nautical twilight and 48.561° (48°33′43″) for astronomical twilight.
Although Helsinki, Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, and Saint Petersburg also enter into nautical twilight after sunset, they do have noticeably lighter skies at night during the summer solstice than other locations mentioned in their category above, because they do not go far into nautical twilight.
At the winter solstice within the polar circle, twilight can extend through solar noon at latitudes below 72.561° (72°33′43″) for civil twilight, 78.561° (78°33′43″) for nautical twilight, and 84.561° (84°33′43″) for astronomical twilight.
According to Hindu scriptures, a daemonic king, Hiranakashipa, performed penance and obtained a boon from Brahma that he could not be killed during day or night and neither by human nor animal.
Lord Vishnu appeared in a half-man half-lion form (neither human nor animal), ended the life of Hiranakashipa during twilight (neither day nor night).
For example, the twilight of Friday is reckoned as Sabbath eve, and that of Saturday as Sabbath day; and the same rule applies to festival days.
According to research firm Activist Insight, a total of 922 listed companies globally were publicly subjected to activist demands in 2018, up from 856 in 2017.
Daniel Loeb, head of Third Point Management, is notable for his use of sharply written letters directed towards the CEOs of his target companies.
The financial form of shareholder activism has gained popularity as management compensation at publicly traded companies and cash balances on corporate balance sheets have risen.
Not only are the aggregate dollars invested in the activist asset class continuing to grow, but activists are also generating significant positive attention from mainstream media by taking more sophisticated approaches to identifying their platforms and running their campaigns.
Once derided as corporate raiders, shareholder activists are now the recipients of admiration for sparking change in corporate boardrooms, leading to corporate boards developing best practices for responding to shareholder activism.
Shareholder activists are making their mark on M&A activity as well – a 2015 survey of corporate development leaders found that 60% of respondents saw shareholder activism affecting transaction activity in their industry.
Some of the recent activist investment funds include: California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS), Icahn Management LP, Santa Monica Partners Opportunity Fund LP, State Board of Administration of Florida (SBA), and Relational Investors, LLC.
The practice of shareholder activism has its roots in the 17th-century Dutch Republic, with pioneering activist shareholders like Isaac Le Maire, a sizeable shareholder of the Dutch East India Company (VOC).
In the United States, acquisition of over 5% of beneficial ownership in a company with the intention to influence leadership must be accompanied by a Schedule 13D filing; investors who do not intend to become activists may file a Schedule 13G instead.
A 2012 study by Activist Insight showed that the mean annual net return of over 40 activist-focused hedge funds had consistently outperformed the MSCI world index in the years following the global financial crisis in 2008.
Activist investing was the top-performing strategy among hedge funds in 2013, with such firms returning, on average, 16.6% while other hedge funds returned 9.5%.
Organizations such as the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR), As You Sow and Ceres use shareholder resolutions, and other means of pressure, to address issues such as sustainability and human rights.
A seminal work in the field was brought forward by Michael Smith in 1996 in an article published in the Journal of Finance.
Kostrzewski became professor of prehistory at the newly founded University of Poznań in 1919, and from 1934 conducted the excavation of the Iron Age settlement of Biskupin, which he continued after the war.
After 1918, Kostrzewski became involved in bitter polemics about the ethnic ascription of the Lusatian and Pomeranian cultures with the German archaeologist Bolko von Richthofen.
During the German occupation of Poland during World War II, Polish universities and museums were closed, the finds were often transported to Germany, and many scholars were arrested, tortured and detained, or murdered.
The African Window is a building in Pretoria, Gauteng, which houses the Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History (DNMCH) of South Africa.
The DNMCH was amalgamated with the Pretoria-based Transvaal Museum for Natural History (now the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History and the South African National Museum of Military History (situated in Johannesburg) (now the Ditsong National Museum of Military History on 1 April 1999 to form the Northern Flagship Institution.
The collection of the museum includes objects such as excavated archaeological material and artworks, historical documents, archives, various current and historical audiovisuals, Stone Age, Iron Age and historic archaeology sites, historical buildings, and early domesticated animals.
The Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical is awarded to the best actress in a musical, whether a new production or a revival.
The award has been given since 1948, but the nominees who did not win have only been publicly announced since 1956.
The Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, formerly the Transvaal Museum, is a natural history museum situated in Pretoria, South Africa.
The museum curates large collections of Plio-Pleistocene fossils, including hominids from Sterkfontein, Swartkrans and Kromdraai in the UNESCO World Heritage Site; the Cradle of Humankind, as well as late Permian therapsids (proto-mammals from the Karoo).
The Transvaal Museum was amalgamated with the Pretoria-based National Cultural History Museum (also called the African Window) and the South African National Museum of Military History (situated in Johannesburg) on 1 April 1999 to form the Northern Flagship Institution.
The Explorer Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada and is partially subducted under the North American Plate.
Along with the Juan De Fuca Plate and Gorda Plate, the Explorer Plate is a remnant of the ancient Farallon Plate which has been subducted under the North American Plate.
In its smoother, southern half, the average depth of the Explorer plate is roughly and rises up in its northern half to a highly variable basin between and in depth.
The southern boundary is a collection of transform faults, the Sovanco Fracture Zone, separating the Explorer Plate from the Pacific Plate.
To the southeast is another transform boundary, the Nootka Fault, which separates the Explorer Plate from the Juan de Fuca Plate and forms a triple junction with the North American Plate.
To the northwest is a divergent boundary with the Pacific Plate forming the Explorer Ridge, and the Winona Basin located within the northwest boundaries and the Pacific continental shelf.
Upon breaking apart 4 million years ago, the Juan De Fuca Plate continued moving northeast at 26 mm/year (1 in/year) while the Explorer Plate's velocity changed, stalling or moving slowly north up to 20 mm/year.
The Nootka Fault boundary between the Juan De Fuca Plate and the Explorer Plate has varied in length and direction since their separation.
The formation of the Nookta Fault and the shearing of plate boundaries has caused a clockwise rotation, reorienting the Sovanco Fracture Zone northwards along the North American Plate and slowing the Explorer Plate's subduction.
The Sovanco Fracture Zone originated as a spreading center offset more than 7 million years ago which shows southward movement from the influence of the Explorer ridge and results in uneven spreading eastward unto the Explorer Plate.
The subducted portion of the plate extends downward to more than 300 km (186 mi) depth, and laterally as far as mainland Canada.
The relative buoyancy of the subducting plate and the underlying mantle may be inhibiting the Explorer Plate's ability to descend further into the mantle.
However, the activity consists of low-magnitude events; no earthquake above magnitude 6.5 has been recorded in the region, though a swarm of several dozen magnitude 5–6 earthquakes occurred just north of the Seminole Seamount in 2008.
The Explorer Plate is the most seismically active area of Canada, but is anomalous as a subduction zone since most of the seismic activity occurs around the plate's perimeter rather than at the subduction interface.
Events are generally centered around the southern and north-western areas where the borders of the plate are in contact with other plates; however, the newer ocean crust created at Explorer ridge and Juan de Fuca ridge reduces the rigidity of the region and contributes to the low magnitude of events in the region.
The short film, which runs five minutes, stars Tinny, a tin one-man-band toy, attempting to escape from Billy, a destructive infant.
The third short film produced by the company's small animation division, it was a risky investment: due to low revenue produced by Pixar's main product, the Pixar Image Computer, the company was under financial constraints.
The film was officially a test of the PhotoRealistic RenderMan software, and proved new challenges to the animation team, namely the difficult task of realistically animating Billy.
The short premiered in a partially completed edit at the SIGGRAPH convention in August 1988 to a standing ovation from scientists and engineers.
The film takes place in one room and stars the toy of the title, a mechanical one-man band player named Tinny, and a baby named Billy.
At first, Tinny is delighted at the prospect of being played with by Billy until he sees how destructive the infant can be.
When Tinny tries to walk out of Billy's reach, the musical instruments on the toy's back play notes, attracting Billy's attention.
Tinny soon finds cover under the couch, only to find that many other toys have also hidden themselves from Billy there since they are also afraid and have learned the same experience.
Unaware of this, while walking and trying to find Tinny and the other toys, Billy tumbles helplessly flat onto the floor, and starts bawling.
Billy, upon seeing Tinny, stops wailing and grabs the toy, shaking him around for a few moments before being distracted by the box Tinny was packaged in to played with.
Then he pursues Billy who is instead even more happier playing with boxes and shopping bag while some toys come out from the couch to play.
Pixar, purchased in 1986 by entrepreneur and former Apple Computer head Steve Jobs, received many accolades for films produced by its small animation division, headed by animator John Lasseter.
Lasseter's primary role, as defended to Jobs by company founders Edwin Catmull and Alvy Ray Smith, was to produce short films to promote the company's own Pixar Image Computers.
Pixar was losing money every year and Jobs were supporting the cash-strapped company SO through a line of credit with his personal guarantee.
Eventually, they discerned, to their chagrin, the reason why the company was supporting the division: the real priority of Catmull and Smith was to make films.
On repeated occasions in the late 1980s, Catmull barely dissuaded Jobs from shutting down the animation division due to financial constraints.
At this same time, Jobs was clashing with Alvy Ray Smith, which would eventually lead to his resignation from Pixar after a heated argument during a meeting.
In the spring of 1988, cash was running so short that Jobs convened a meeting to decree deep spending cuts across the board.
When it was over, Lasseter and his animation group were almost too afraid to ask Jobs about authorizing some extra money for another short.
With the storyboards pinned on his wall, Lasseter did the voices and acted out the shots—just as story men had done on the Disney lot for decades—and thereby showed his passion for the project.
Lasseter had an inspiration for the new opera based on the observation of his nephew, intent to put any toy in the mouth on the way.
The story was about Lasseter's love, classic toys, and was inspired by a visit made in 1987 at the Tin Toy Museum in Yokohama, Japan.
It was told from the perspective of a toy one-man band named Tinny, who meets a baby that charms and terrorizes him.
Escaping under the couch, Tinny finds other frightened toys, but when the baby hits his head and cries, Tinny goes back out to cheer him up.
This time, he opted for a more ambitious task, attempting to mimic a human baby in its appearance, the movement of its arms, and its fickle moods.
This was the only Pixar short rendered on the RM-1, a RenderMan specific computer that was never sold to the public.
The final version of the baby (known to the team as Billy) had a much-improved face with 40 separate facial muscles, but his skin had the look of plastic.
When he moved, moreover, his body lacked the natural give of baby fat and his diaper had the solidity of cement—compromises made necessary by lack of time and the still-developing technology.
What the SIGGRAPH audience saw was the first three-fifths or so of the film, ending a cliffhanger moment with Tinny running into his box and watching in horror through the box's cellophane as Billy advances towards him.
These praises were joined over the years, positive assessments of public and critics, who praised the innovation and technology in it.
Dario Floreano stated that the uncanny valley concept was taken seriously by the film industry because of negative audience reactions to Billy.
The box, which is a faithful reproduction of the packaging of the toy view in short, in addition to containing the model of Tinny, presents a certificate of authenticity printed on a card showing the storyboard in pencil of a scene from the short.
The project went through, but considering the abrupt transition from shorts to feature a few minutes to an hour and a half, Pixar set out to create a special half-hour to see if they could manage a production that was similar to that of an actual film.
The basic idea was that Tinny was part of a set of toy players who are not successful and remain unsold for years.
Separated from other components, Tinny ends up by mistake in a toy shop of our age where he meets several characters, including a soft pink bear named Lotso.
The project was abandoned because the television network that would have produced it could not afford the fees required (according to director Pete Docter, the special would have required a sum of eighteen times higher than the allowed budget).
Disney was uninterested in the concept and urged Pixar to produce a feature immediately, which became a critical and commercial success.
The river begins as a stream at Newbiggin, in the parish of Ravenstonedale, Cumbria, at St. Helen's Well (elevation of 238 metres above sea level) and some neighbouring springs.
On the first two miles of its course, it is joined by four streams, two of them as short as itself, but two much longer.
These are the Bessy Beck (short), the Dry Beck of 4.9 kilometres' (three miles) length at from St. Helen's Well, the Sandwath Beck (short) at , and the Weasdale Beck (5.58 km = 3½ mls) at 1.6 miles from the well.
It then passes the remnants of a Roman fort near Low Borrowbridge at the foot of Borrowdale, and flows through south Cumbria, meeting the Irish Sea at Plover Scar near Lancaster, after a total journey of about .
Below this is the spectacular Lune Gorge through which both the M6 motorway and the West Coast Main Railway Line run.
Here in a 180-degree right-hand bend the Lune turns back on itself; this is followed by a 90-degree left-hand bend forming the shape of a shepherd's crook and creating a beauty spot which was painted by J. M. W. Turner.
The M6 motorway crosses the Lune near Tebay and Halton-on-Lune; in 2015 it was joined by the Heysham to M6 Link Road.
The Ingleton branch line, a railway operational between 1861 and 1967, followed the Lune between Tebay and Kirkby Lonsdale, crossing the river twice on viaducts which still stand.
Four bridges in close proximity cross the estuary in Lancaster: Skerton Bridge (road), Greyhound Bridge (built as rail but now carries a road), Lune Millennium Bridge (pedestrian and cycle) and Carlisle Bridge (carrying the West Coast Main Line railway, and with a public walkway on the eastern side) which is the furthest downstream of the bridges.
This part of the Lune is also the site of the old Port of Lancaster, probably a port from Roman times; the Lancaster Port Commission was established in 1750 to improve navigation on the estuary.
Between 1750 and 1767, St George's Quay and New Quay were built in Lancaster and in 1779 the port facilities were extended closer to the Irish Sea at Glasson Dock.
The lower lighthouse, known as the Plover Scar Lighthouse, (sometimes called Abbey lighthouse) still stands on Plover Scar, and it remains operational.
The old high light, a square wooden tower, was demolished in 1954; but the former keepers' cottage, built alongside the high light, can still be seen.
An engraving entitled 'The Vale of Lonsdale' appears in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832 together with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.
The nearest Fire service boat is based at Preston Fire station and this is often called to assist the swiftwater rescue personnel in carrying out rescues or providing safety cover for the crews.
Part of the Surf Lifesaving Great Britain (SLSGB) family, their main role is to provide water rescue personnel and resources to flood and other water incidents within the Lancaster district at times when the statutory services require assistance.
The RNLI can also be seen on the river fairly regularly, including both the D class and their Hovercraft, The Hurley Flyer.
Rather than transit to scene from the Lifeboat station, the RNLI will often drive to the scene, often launching at Snatchems Golden Ball pub.
Murch was born in New York City, New York, the son of Katharine (née Scott) and Canadian-born Walter Tandy Murch (1907–1967), a painter.
Murch spent the university school year 1963–1964 in Europe, studying Romance Languages and the History of Art in Italy at Perugia and in France at the Sorbonne.
While at Johns Hopkins, he met future director/screenwriter Matthew Robbins, cinematographer Caleb Deschanel, and philosopher Andrew Feenberg, with whom he staged a number of happenings.
In 1965, Murch and Robbins enrolled in the graduate program of the University of Southern California's film school, encouraging Deschanel to follow them.
There all three encountered, and became friends with, fellow students such as George Lucas, Hal Barwood, Robert Dalva, Willard Huyck, Don Glut and John Milius; all of these men would go on to be successful filmmakers.
Not long after film school, in 1969, Murch, Lucas, and others joined Francis Ford Coppola at American Zoetrope in San Francisco.
His reason for this is that where editing film is an editorial process, the creative process of writing is opposite that, and so he lies down rather than sit or stand up, to separate his editing mind from his creating mind.
In his book, Murch also describes editing as more of a psychological practice with a goal of anticipating and controlling the thoughts of the audience.
In response, he invented a modification which concealed the splice by using extremely narrow but strongly adhesive strips of special polyester-silicone tape.
Murch's editing Oscar was the first to be awarded for an electronically edited film (using the Avid system), and he is the only person ever to win Oscars for both sound mixing and film editing.
In 2006, he was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters by the Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design in Vancouver, Canada.
In 2012, Murch was invited to serve as a mentor for the Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative, an international philanthropic program that pairs masters in their disciplines with emerging talents for a year of one-to-one creative exchange.
In 2015, Murch was presented with the Vision Award Nescens, at the 68th Locarno Film Festival, for his contributions to cinema.
In 2016, Murch was awarded an honorary doctorate of media by the Southampton Solent University in Southampton, England along with Anne Coates who received an honorary Doctorate of Arts.
They have now lived in Bolinas, California, since 1972 and have 4 children: Walter Slater Murch, Beatrice Louise Murch, Carrie Angland, and Connie Angland.
The novel introduces Lord Emsworth of Blandings Castle, whose home and family reappear in many of Wodehouse's later short stories and novels.
Meanwhile, Freddie Threepwood, younger son of the Earl of Emsworth, is engaged to marry Aline Peters, the daughter of American millionaire J. Preston Peters.
Freddie pays a visit to a shady fixer, R. Jones, hoping to recover letters he once sent to a certain chorus girl, feeling they might be used to make a breach of promise case against him.
His father later calls on Aline's father to view his collection of scarabs and absent-mindedly puts Mr Peters’ prize exhibit in his pocket.
Having befriended Freddie Threepwood, George has been invited to Blandings Castle, the family home, at the same time that Aline and her father are paying a visit.
R. Jones finds the address of Freddie's ex-sweetheart, Joan Valentine, who tells him she has long since destroyed any letters she may have had from Freddie.
As Jones is leaving, Aline, a former school friend of Joan, arrives on a visit, and the suspicious Jones listens at the door.
Hearing that Aline's father is offering £1,000 to anybody who can retrieve his scarab, Joan decides that she will go herself to Blandings, posing as Aline's maid, so as to recover the scarab and scoop the reward.
Acting separately, Ashe answers a newspaper advert and is engaged as his valet by Mr. Peters, who is looking for somebody to steal back the scarab during his visit to Blandings.
After their arrival, Ashe is terrified to be interviewed by the butler, Beach, and has to listen to a recital of his troubles with his feet and his stomach.
Mr Peters also has stomach trouble and Ashe threatens him with non-cooperation unless he takes some exercise and stops smoking cigars.
At night, Ashe and Joan are both trying to get at the scarab when Lord Emsworth's watchful secretary, Rupert Baxter, nearly catches them.
Next morning, Ashe and Joan decide to become allies and, after flipping a coin, agree to take turns at stealing the scarab.
Since Aline is following the same reduced diet as her father, George steals downstairs to prepare her a midnight feast and collides with Ashe in the dark hall.
They start a noisy fight but escape after the suspicious Baxter trips over them and is found surrounded by food and broken china by the time the lights are turned on.
He is blamed for waking everyone and roundly criticised by Lord Emsworth for going in search of food in the middle of the night.
Putting together clues, she and Ashe discover that Freddie needs money to pay R. Jones, who is pretending that Joan is demanding it for the return of his letters.
But Freddie is an admirer of the detective tales that Ashe writes and decides to trust him, confessing to the theft and returning the scarab.
As Ashe leaves, Lord Emsworth arrives to announce that Aline has eloped on the train to London with George Emerson, who has been recalled to Hong Kong.
When Ashe returns the scarab, Mr Peters offers to take Ashe back to America as his personal trainer in reward for the improvement in his health.
Ashe hesitates long enough to ask Joan to marry him, and she admits she has been grieving at what seems to be the end of their partnership; as a result, a scullery maid looking out of the window has her dull life enriched as she sees them kissing.
As a young boy in Victorian England, Wodehouse was taken on social calls with his aunts to great houses and often had tea in the Servants' Hall, where he learned about the servants' hierarchy and etiquette.
Before P. G. Wodehouse wrote the novel, his uncle Walter Meredith Deane and later his eldest brother Philip Peveril had served as second-in-command of the Hong Kong police force, like George Emerson in the novel.
Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier has a distinctively smoky aroma and flavor that is consistently present amongst the three varieties: urbock, märzen and weizen.
The brewery also makes a helles which, while the grain used is unsmoked, is still smoky in flavor because the same kettles and yeast are used to produce it and the Rauchbier.
The name reportedly comes from a brewer with a hobbling gait whose image can be seen on the Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier bottle.
The brewery's legal name is HellerBräu Trum KG, after the Trum family that has owned and run it for six generations.
He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collections of flora and fauna in Alaska, California, and Hawaii.
He studied medicine and zoology at the University of Dorpat and served as an assistant to Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, a professor of botany.
From 1815 to 1818 the expedition circumnavigated the globe for the purposes of seeking a Northwest Passage and exploring the lands bordering the Pacific Ocean.
The expedition left Kronstadt, Russia on 30 June 1815, stopping at the Canary Islands in September and then crossing the Atlantic to Santa Catarina, Brazil.
When Kotzebue became ill in 1817, they cut short a planned return to the Arctic and headed home, stopping again in Hawaii and then in the Philippines before ending their voyage at St. Petersburg in August 1818.
This was the first scientific description of California's flora and the first reference to California in the title of a scientific paper.
After his first voyage, Eschscholtz married Christine Friedrike Ledebour and became an assistant professor at the University of Dorpat in 1819.
In 1823 Kotzebue was commissioned to return to the North Pacific to resupply Kamchatka and then proceed to Alaska to protect the Russian American Company from smugglers.
He also continued to work at the University of Dorpat, serving as professor of medicine and zoology and director of the zoological museum.
Eschscholtz described some of them before his death but many were described by others, including Swedish naturalist Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, French entomologist Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean, and Russian entomologist Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim.
The effective interest rate (EIR), effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the interest rate on a loan or financial product restated from the nominal interest rate and expressed as the equivalent interest rate if compound interest was payable annually in arrears.
It is used to compare the interest rates between loans with different compounding periods, such as weekly, monthly, half-yearly or yearly.
The effective interest rate sometimes differs in one important respect from the annual percentage rate (APR): the APR method converts this weekly or monthly interest rate into what would be called an annual rate that (in some parts of the world) doesn’t take into account the effect of compounding.
the fact that for each period, interest is not calculated on the principal, but on the amount accumulated at the end of the previous period, including capital and interest.
This reasoning is easily understandable when looking at savings: if interest is capitalized every month, then in every month the saver earns interest on the entire sum, including interest from the previous period.
Thus if one starts with $1000 and earns interest at 2% every month, the accumulated sum at the end of the year is $1268.24, giving an effective interest rate of about 26.8%, not 24%.
The term nominal EIR or nominal APR can (subject to legislation) be used to refer to an annualized rate that does not take into account front-fees and other costs can be included.
Annual percentage yield or effective annual yield is the analogous concept used for savings or investment products, such as a certificate of deposit.
Since any loan is an investment product for the lender, the terms may be used to apply to the same transaction, depending on the point of view.
Effective annual interest or yield may be calculated or applied differently depending on the circumstances, and the definition should be studied carefully.
For example, a bank may refer to the yield on a loan portfolio after expected losses as its effective yield and include income from other fees, meaning that the interest paid by each borrower may differ substantially from the bank's effective yield.
The annual percentage rate (APR) is calculated in the following way, where i is the interest rate for the period and n is the number of periods.
In accountancy the term effective interest rate is used to describe the rate used to calculate interest expense or income under the effective interest method.
Solomon Regenstreif, better known by the Anglo-Saxon name he later adopted, John Gates, was born in 1913 in New York City, the son of ethnic Jewish parents who hailed from Poland.
In March 1938, at the age of 24, Gates rose to the rank of battalion political commissar of the Lincoln-Washington Battalion.
In 1938, he was involved in the controversial decision to execute a deserter named Paul White who had left the lines before having a change of heart and returning, only to be executed for disciplinary reasons.
The decision caused great dissension in the Lincoln Brigade's ranks, forcing the immediate declaration that no further executions would take place.
Although the Smith Act had been implemented eight years earlier at the time of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact for the altogether different purpose of fighting potential infiltration of America by secret Nazi and Communist saboteurs, at the height of the Cold War the existing law was used as a tool against national officials of the Communist Party.
Foster was eventually dropped, but the 11 others, Gates among them, were convicted in 1949 and sentenced to five years in prison.
In that capacity, Gates' editorial policy soon came to set him at odds with the Party leadership, he took liberal positions embracing Nikita Khrushchev's criticisms of Stalin and opposing the Soviet Union's suppression of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.
Party leaders were particularly upset by his support of Howard Fast, a prominent writer who was quite critical of the Soviet Union and soon after also left the Communist Party.
Confronted with deep deficits and its inability to control Gates, on December 22, 1957, the Party suspended publication of the paper as a daily, the last daily issue appearing January 13, 1958.
One is an aggressive, brilliant personality and the other worships that person, and that person becomes sort of an idol for him and he tends to imitate and ape everything that he does.
Gates cited the American Communist Party's failure to declare its independence from Moscow as decisive in his decision to leave the organization.
Following publication of his memoirs, Gates went to work as a senior research assistant for the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU).
He was survived by his wife of 47 years, the former Lillian Schwartz; a brother, Nat Regenstreif, of Hollywood, Florida, and three sisters, Blanche Smiles of the Bronx, Irene Travis of Charlotte, North Carolina, and Marlene Seml of Boca Raton, Florida.
The rifle takes its name from the designer of its action, Colonel Rudolf Schmidt, and the designer of its ammunition, Colonel Eduard Rubin.
The straight-pull bolt action allows the user to pull the bolt straight back to unlock the action, cock the striker, extract and eject the spent cartridge in one motion, and then push the bolt forward to chamber a round and lock the action.
This is as opposed to a traditional bolt action, wherein the user must lift the bolt handle to unlock the action before pulling the bolt back.
The rifle is roughly musket length with a free-floating barrel, 12-round magazine and wood stock that extends almost to the tip of the barrel.
The GP90 7.5×53.5mm round designed by Col. Rubin in 1882 was revolutionary in that most of the bullets used in Europe at the time, except for the Mle 1886 Lebel rifle metal-jacketed 8mm bullet, were around .45 inches as opposed to the .308 inches of the Schmidt–Rubin ammunition.
The Model 1889 was eventually replaced by its successor models including the Model 1896, Model 96/11, Model 1911, Model 1911 carbine and the famous K-31.
The biggest change was moving the locking lugs from the rear of the bolt sleeve to the front of the bolt sleeve.
Only a few remain in the original configuration and almost all of those are private series rifles that were never military issue.
The model 1899/1900 short rifle was an answer to a call for a short rifle that would replace the unpopular Model 1893 Manlicher straight pull action Carbine.
Most of the 99/00 and later 1905 short rifles were converted to model K11 carbines when the GP11 cartridge was adopted.
The Schmidt–Rubin 1896/11 rifle or the Model 96/11 was Switzerland's effort to upgrade the 89/96 rifles it had on hand to use the more powerful cartridge adopted as the GP11.
Because of this the model 89/96 rifles were modernized by changing the 3 groove rifled barrel to a new 4 groove type, adding a pistol grip to the stock, changing the magazine to the 6 round type used in the 1900 short rifle and changing the sights to a more modern type.
An improvement over the original, 1889, version of the Schmidt–Rubin rifle, the Swiss M1911 placed the locking lugs in the middle of the bolt, rather than at the rear, strengthening the action and allowing a more powerful cartridge, the Gewehrpatrone 11 or GP 11 to be used.
The fact that Switzerland remained neutral through both world wars ensured that they are in far better condition, on average, than the rifles of other European nations from that vintage.
The Swiss at some point realized that its support troops, cavalry, and certain other units required a shorter rifle than what was currently available and so designed the Model 1911 carbine.
The Swiss 1911 carbine being smaller, lighter and still lethally accurate, it became a favorite of the Swiss Army and its popularity contributed to the design of its successor the K31.
Production of the K11 included conversion of the model 1900 and 1905 short rifles to the newer specifications of the carbine.
Edmund or Etmond mac Maíl Coluim (c. 1070 – after 1097) was a son of Malcolm III of Scotland and his second wife, Margaret of Wessex.
Although Edmund was probably Malcolm and Margaret's second son, he was passed over in subsequent successions as a result of betraying his siblings by siding with their uncle, Donald III.
On the death of Edmund's father and his heir-designate, Edward, his eldest son by Margaret, in November 1093, Edmund's uncle Donald took the throne.
Edmund and his younger brothers Edgar, Alexander and David fled abroad, to England, to join their half-brother Duncan at the court of William Rufus.
In 1094 Duncan, with Rufus's blessing and the support of landless nobles from the English court and landowners in Lothian, drove Donald from the throne.
The killer was Máel Petair, Mormaer of Mearns, but the Annals of Ulster and William of Malmesbury agree that the killing was done on the orders of Donald and Edmund.
It is assumed that Donald appointed him his heir as Donald had no sons of his own, and it is thought that Edmund was granted an appanage to rule.
Edmund's maternal uncle Edgar Ætheling came north in 1097, driving Donald from the throne and installing Edgar as king, with Alexander as his heir-designate.
Alice Stokes Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote.
Paul initiated, and along with Lucy Burns and others, strategized events such as the Woman Suffrage Procession and the Silent Sentinels, which were part of the successful campaign that resulted in the amendment's passage in 1920.
After 1920, Paul spent a half century as leader of the National Woman's Party, which fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, written by Paul and Crystal Eastman, to secure constitutional equality for women.
She won a large degree of success with the inclusion of women as a group protected against discrimination by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 alongside legal scholar Pauli Murray.
She was the eldest of four children of William Mickle Paul I (1850–1902) and Tacie Paul (née Parry), and a descendant of William Penn, the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania.
She grew up in the Quaker tradition of public service; her ancestors included participants in the New Jersey Committee of Correspondence in the Revolutionary era and a state legislative leader in the 19th century.
Alice first learned about women's suffrage from her mother, a member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA); Paul would sometimes join her mother in attending suffragist meetings.
While attending Swarthmore, Paul served as a member on the Executive Board of Student Government, one experience which may have sparked her eventual excitement for political activism.
Partly in order to avoid going into teaching work, Paul completed a fellowship year at a settlement house in New York City after her graduation, living on the Lower East Side at the College Settlement House.
Paul then earned a master of arts from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907, after completing coursework in political science, sociology and economics.
She continued her studies at the Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre in Birmingham, England, and took economics classes from the University of Birmingham, while continuing to earn money doing social work.
When she later moved to London to study sociology and economics at the London School of Economics, she joined the militant suffrage group the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) led by Christabel and her mother, Emmeline Pankhurst.
Paul later received her law degree (LL.B) from the Washington College of Law at American University in 1922, after the suffrage fight was over.
In 1907, after completing her master's degree at the University of Pennsylvania, Paul moved to England, where she eventually became deeply involved with the British women's suffrage movement, regularly participating in demonstrations and marches of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
This was a particularly difficult task considering the animosity towards the Suffragists and opened her eyes to the abuse that women involved in the movement faced.
These experiences, combined with the teachings of Professor Beatrice Webb, convinced Paul that social work and charity could not bring about the needed social changes in society: this could only be accomplished through equal legal status for women.
While in London, Paul also met Lucy Burns, a fellow American activist, whilst arrested in a British police station, who would become an important ally for the duration of the suffrage fight, first in England, then in the United States.
Paul quickly gained the trust of fellow WSPU members through both her talent with visual rhetoric and her willingness to put herself in physical danger in order to increase the visibility of the suffrage movement.
While at the WSPU's headquarters in Edinburgh, Paul and local suffragists made plans to protest a speech by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey.
For a week prior, they spoke with people on the streets to promote knowledge about why they were protesting against the Cabinet member.
As planned, this act was viewed by many as a public silencing of legitimate protest and resulted in an increase of press coverage and public sympathy.
Before a political meeting at St. Andrew's Hall in Glasgow in August 1909, Paul camped out on the roof of the hall so that she could address the crowd below.
Later, when Paul, Burns, and fellow suffragettes attempted to enter the event, they were beaten by police as sympathetic bystanders attempted to protect them.
On November 9, 1909, in honor of Lord Mayor's Day, the Lord Mayor of London hosted a banquet for cabinet ministers in the city's Guild Hall.
Alice Paul planned the WSPU's response; she and Amelia Brown disguised themselves as cleaning women and entered into the building with the normal staff at 9:00 am.
Following this event, both women were arrested and sentenced to one month hard labor after refusing to pay fines and damages.
This not only sent a message about the legitimacy of the suffragists to the public, but also had the potential to provide tangible benefits.
Though arrested suffragettes often were not afforded the status of political prisoners, this form of civil disobedience provided a lot of press for the WSPU.
By that fall it was being widely used by WSPU members because of its effectiveness in publicizing their mistreatment and gaining quick release from prison wardens.
However, during her third prison stint, the warden ordered twice daily force-feeding to keep Paul strong enough to finish out her month-long sentence.
Though the prisons staunchly maintained that the force-feeding of prisoners was for their own benefit, Paul and other women described the process as torturous.
After the ordeal of her final London imprisonment, Paul returned to the United States in January 1910 to continue her recovery and to develop a plan for suffrage work back home.
She drew upon the teachings of Woodbrooke and her religion and quickly decided that she wanted to embrace a single goal as a testimony.
Paul re-enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania, pursuing her Ph.D., while speaking about her experiences in the British suffrage movement to Quaker audiences and starting to work towards United States suffrage on the local level.
After completing her dissertation, a comprehensive overview of the history of the legal status of United States women, she began participating in National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) rallies, and in April 1910 was asked to speak at NAWSA's annual convention.
After this major opportunity, Paul and Burns proposed to NAWSA leadership a campaign to gain a federal amendment guaranteeing the vote for women.
Paul and Burns were laughed at by NAWSA leadership; the only exception was Jane Addams, who suggested that the women tone down their plan.
One of Paul's first big projects was initiating and organizing the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession in Washington the day before President Wilson's inauguration.
The goal was to send the message that the push for women's suffrage existed before Wilson and would outlast him if need be.
This route was originally resisted by DC officials, and according to biographer Christine Lunardini, Paul was the only one who truly believed the parade would take place on that route.
The City Supervisor Sylvester claimed that the women would not be safe marching along the Pennsylvania Avenue route and strongly suggested the group move the parade.
Over half a million people came to view the parade and with insufficient police protection, the situation soon devolved into a near-riot, with onlookers pressing so close to the women that they were unable to proceed.
A senator who participated in the march later testified that he personally took the badge numbers of 22 officers who had stood idle, including 2 sergeants.
Eventually, the Massachusetts and Pennsylvania national guards stepped in and students from the Maryland Agricultural College provided a human barrier to help the women pass.
Such an amendment had originally been sought by suffragists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton who, as leaders of the NWSA, fought for a federal amendment to the constitution securing women's suffrage until the 1890 formation of NAWSA, which campaigned for the vote on a state-by-state basis.
Paul's militant methods started to create tension between her and the leaders of NAWSA, who thought she was moving too aggressively in Washington.
The NWP began introducing some of the methods used by the suffrage movement in Britain and focused entirely on achieving a constitutional amendment for woman suffrage.
In the US presidential election of 1916, Paul and the National Woman's Party (NWP) campaigned in western states where women could already vote against the continuing refusal of President Woodrow Wilson and other incumbent Democrats to actively support the Suffrage Amendment.
Paul knew the only way they could accomplish their goal was by displaying the President's attitude toward suffrage, so picketing would achieve this in the best manner.
In order to get volunteers for the pickets, Paul created state days, such as Pennsylvania Day, Maryland Day, and Virginia Day, and she created special days for professional women, such as doctors, nurses, and lawyers.
Over the next six months, many, including Alice, were convicted and incarcerated at the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia (which later became the Lorton Correctional Complex) and the District of Columbia Jail.
When the public heard the news of the first arrests some were surprised that leading suffragists and very well-connected women were going to prison for peacefully protesting, President Wilson received bad publicity from this event, and was livid with the position he was forced into.
He quickly pardoned the first women arrested on July 19, two days after they had been sentenced, but reporting on the arrests and abuses continued.
In solidarity with other activists in her organization, Paul purposefully strove to receive the seven-month jail sentence that started on October 20, 1917.
Whether sent to Occoquan or the District Jail, the women were given no special treatment as political prisoners and had to live in harsh conditions with poor sanitation, infested food, and dreadful facilities.
The National Woman's Party (NWP) went to court to protest the treatment of the women such as Lucy Burns, Dora Lewis and Alice Cosu her cellmate in Occoquan Prisonwho suffered a heart attack at seeing Dora's condition.
Despite the brutality that she experienced and witnessed, Paul remained undaunted, and on November 27 and 28 all the suffragists were released from prison.
Once suffrage was achieved in 1920, Paul and some members of the National Woman's Party shifted attention to constitutional guarantees of equality through the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was written by Paul and Crystal Eastman.
For Paul, the ERA had the same appeal as suffrage in that it was a constitutional amendment and a single-issue campaign that she believed could and should unite women around a common core goal.
While Paul's activism in the years after suffrage centered on securing legal protections for women's equality in the U.S. and abroad, other activists and some members of the NWP focused on a range of issues from birth control to educating newly enfranchised women voters.
Some of Paul's earlier allies in suffrage found the ERA troubling, especially since they believed it would erode protective legislation—laws about working conditions or maximum hours that protected women in the workplace.
Paul and her cohorts, including a small group from the NWP, thought that sex-based workplace legislation restricted women's ability to compete for jobs with men and earn good wages.
In fact, Paul believed that protective legislation hurt women wage earners because some employers simply fired them rather than implement protections on working conditions that safeguarded women.
Women were paid less than men, lost jobs that required them to work late nights—often a prohibition under protective legislation—and they had long been blocked from joining labor unions on par with men.
She also believed that women should be treated under the law the same way men were and not as a class that required protection.
While early on there was hope among NWP members that they could craft a bill that would promote equality while also guaranteeing labor protection for women, to Paul, that was a contradiction.
What's more, she was surprised when Florence Kelley, Ethel Smith, Jane Addams and other suffragists parted with her and aligned with protective legislation.
While Paul continued to work with the NWP, and even served as president again in the 1940s, she remained steadfastly committed to women's equality as her singular mission.
She helped ensure that the United Nations proclamations include equality for women and hoped that this would encourage the United States to follow suit.
In the U.S., women who married men from foreign countries lost their U.S. citizenship and were considered by the U.S. to be citizens of whatever country their husbands were from.
To Paul, this was a violation of equal rights, and as such, she worked on behalf of the international Equal Nationality Treaty in 1933 and in the U.S. for the successful passage of the Equal Nationality Act in 1934, which let women retain their citizenship upon marriage.
Just after the founding of the United Nations in 1945, Paul wanted to ensure that women's equality was a part of the organization's charter and that its Commission on Human Rights included a focus on women's equality in its Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The ERA was introduced in Congress in 1923 and had various peaks and valleys of support in the years that followed, as Paul continued to push for its passage.
There were favorable committee reports in Congress in the late 1930s, and with more women working in men's jobs during the war, public support for the ERA also increased.
Paul was encouraged when women's movement activism gained steam in the 1960s and 1970s, which she hoped would spell victory for the ERA.
When the bill finally passed Congress in 1972, Paul was unhappy about the changes in the wording of the ERA that now included time limits for securing its passage.
Advocates argued that this compromise—the newly added seven-year deadline for ratification in the states—enabled the ERA's passage in Congress, but Paul correctly predicted that the inclusion of a time limit would ensure its defeat.
To include a deadline meant that If the ERA was not ratified by 38 states within seven years, it would fail and supporters would effectively have to start from scratch again if they wanted to see it passed (something that was not the case with the suffrage or other proposed constitutional amendments).
In addition, this version put enforcement power in the hands of the federal government only; Paul's original and 1943 reworded version required both states and the federal government to oversee its provisions.
Paul's version was strategic: politicians who believed in states rights, including many Southern states, were more likely to support an ERA that gave states some enforcement authority than a version that did not.
Paul proved correct: while the ERA did receive a three-year extension from Congress, it remained three states short of those needed for ratification.
States continued to attempt to ratify the ERA long after the deadline passed, including Nevada in 2017 and Illinois in 2018.
In 2017 and again in 2019, the Senate and House introduced resolutions to remove the deadline from the ERA, measures that, if passed, would make the amendment viable again.
Paul played a major role in adding protection for women in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, despite the opposition of liberals who feared it would end protective labor laws for women.
The prohibition on sex discrimination was added to the Civil Rights Act by Howard W. Smith, a powerful Virginia Democrat who chaired the House Rules Committee.
For twenty years Smith had sponsored the Equal Rights Amendment in the House because he believed in equal rights for women, even though he opposed equal rights for blacks.
She and other feminists had worked with Smith since 1945 trying to find a way to include sex as a protected civil rights category.
Nevertheless, Elsie Hill and Dora Kelly Lewis, two women whom she met early in her work for NAWSA, remained close to her all their lives.
She knew William Parker, a scholar she met at the University of Pennsylvania, for several years; he may have tendered a marriage proposal in 1917.
Paul died at the age of 92 on July 9, 1977, at the Greenleaf Extension Home, a Quaker facility in Moorestown, New Jersey, less than a mile from her birthplace and childhood home at Paulsdale.
She is buried at Westfield Friends Burial Ground, Cinnaminson, New Jersey, U.S. People frequently leave notes at her tombstone to thank her for her life long work on behalf of women's rights.
Paul was posthumously inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1979, and into the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2010.
On April 12, 2016, President Barack Obama designated Sewall-Belmont House as the Belmont-Paul Women's Equality National Monument, named for Alice Paul and Alva Belmont.
Paul appeared on a United States half-ounce $10 gold coin in 2012, as part of the First Spouse Gold Coin Series.
The U.S. Treasury Department announced in 2016 that an image of Alice Paul will appear on the back of a newly designed $10 bill along with Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession that Paul initiated and organized.
Designs for the new $5, $10, and $20 bills will be unveiled in 2020 in conjunction with the 100th anniversary of American women winning the right to vote via the 19th Amendment.
In 1987, a group of New Jersey women raised the money to purchase Alice Paul's papers when they came up for auction, so that an archive could be established.
Her papers and memorabilia are now held by the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.
In 1990, the same group, now the Alice Paul Institute, purchased the brick farmhouse, Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel, New Jersey, where Paul was born.
According to history, Paul was at the event, and was arrested, but there is no evidence that she spoke to Wilson on that day.
Schroeder is a North German (from Schröder) occupational name for a cloth cutter or tailor, from an agent derivative of Middle Low German , ‘to cut’.
The same term was occasionally used to denote a gristmiller as well as a shoemaker, whose work included cutting leather, and also a drayman, one who delivered beer and wine in bulk to customers; in some instances the surname may have been acquired in either of these senses.
John Endecott (also spelled Endicott; before 1600 – 15 March 1664/5), regarded as one of the Fathers of New England, was the longest-serving governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which became the State of Massachusetts.
When not serving as governor, he was involved in other elected and appointed positions from 1628 to 1665 except for the single year of 1634.
This sometimes put him at odds with Nonconformist views that were dominant among the colony's early leaders, which became apparent when he gave shelter to the vocally Separatist Roger Williams.
Endecott also argued that women should dress modestly and that men should keep their hair short, and issued judicial decisions banishing individuals who held religious views that did not accord well with those of the Puritans.
He notoriously defaced the English flag because he saw St George's Cross as a symbol of the papacy, and had four Quakers put to death for returning to the colony after their banishment.
An expedition he led in 1636 is considered the opening offensive in the Pequot War, which practically destroyed the Pequot tribe as an entity.
He also engaged in one of the earliest attempts to develop a mining industry in the colonies when copper ore was found on his land.
His name is found on a rock in Lake Winnipesaukee, carved by surveyors sent to identify the Massachusetts colony's northern border in 1652.
Biographers of the 19th century believed he was from the Dorset town of Dorchester because of his significant later association with people from that place.
In the early 20th century, historian Roper Lethbridge proposed that Endecott was born circa 1588 in or near Chagford in Devon.
In the 16th century the prominent Endecott family, together with the Whiddons, Knapmans and Lethbridges, owned most of the mines around the stannary town of Chagford, which might—if he is indeed from this family—explain his interest in developing copper mining.
According to their research, Endecott may have been born in or near Chagford, but there is no firm evidence for this, nor is there evidence that identifies his parents.
A John Endecott was active in Devon early in the 17th century, but there is no firm evidence connecting him to this Endecott.
The area was already occupied by settlers of the failed Dorchester Company, some of whose backers also participated in the New England Company.
This group of earlier settlers, led by Roger Conant, had migrated from a settlement on Cape Ann (near present-day Gloucester, Massachusetts) after it was abandoned.
At that time, he was appointed governor by the Company's council in London, and Matthew Craddock was named the Company's governor in London.
The winters of 1629 and 1630 were difficult compared to those in England, and he called on the Plymouth Colony for medical assistance.
Other difficulties he encountered included early signs of religious friction among the colony's settlers (dividing between Nonconformists and Separatists), and poor relations with Thomas Morton, whose failed Wessagusset Colony and libertine practices (which including a maypole and dancing) were anathema to the conservative Puritanism practiced by most settlers in the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies.
When one group of early settlers wanted to establish a church independent of that established by the colonial leadership, he had their leaders summarily sent back to England.
Endecott's first tenure as governor came to an end in 1630, with the arrival of John Winthrop and the colonial charter.
After seeing the conditions at Salem, Winthrop decided to relocate the colony's seat at the mouth of the Charles River, where he founded what is now the city of Boston.
Endecott, who was chosen as one of the governor's Assistants (a precursor to the later notion of a Governor's Council), chose to remain in Salem, where he was one of its leading citizens for the rest of his life, serving in roles as town councilor and militia leader, in addition to statewide roles as militia leader, magistrate, deputy governor, and governor.
One particular pear tree, brought over as a sapling on one of the early settlement convoys, still lives and bears fruit; it is known as the Endicott Pear Tree.
In the early 1630s the religious conflict between the Nonconformists and the Separatists was the primary source of political disagreement in the colony, and it was embodied by the churches established in Boston and Salem.
The Salem church adhered to Separatist teachings, which sought a complete break with the Church of England, while Nonconformist teachings, which were held by Winthrop and most of the colonial leadership in Boston, sought to reform the Anglican church from within.
Authorities there banished him, and he first went to Salem, where, due to Endecott's intervention, he was offered a position as a teacher in the local church.
Williams went to Plymouth, but returned to Salem a few years later, becoming the church's unofficial pastor following the death of Samuel Skelton in 1634.
Boston authorities called for his arrest after he made what they viewed as treasonous and heretical statements; he fled, eventually establishing Providence, Rhode Island.
During this time Endecott argued that women should be veiled in church, and controversially defaced the local militia's flag, because it bore St George's Cross, which Williams claimed was a symbol of the papacy.
Endecott did this at a time when the Privy Council of King Charles I was examining affairs in Massachusetts, and the colonial administration was concerned that a strong response was needed to prevent the loss of the colonial charter.
Endecott was censured for the rashness of his action (and not for the act itself), and deprived of holding any offices for one year; 1635 was the only year in which he held no office.
Following the incident, and the refusal of the colonial assembly to grant Salem additional land on the Marblehead Neck because of Williams' presence in Salem, the Salem church circulated a letter to other churches in the colony, calling the legislative act a heinous sin.
The attackers were at the time believed to be from tribes affiliated with the Narragansetts, but Narragansett leaders claimed that those responsible had fled to the protection of the Pequots.
At the time the Pequots were aggressively expansionist in their dealings with the surrounding native tribes (including the Narragansett), but had generally kept the peace with the English colonists of present-day southern New England.
The accusation of the Narraganssetts angered Massachusetts authorities (then under governor Henry Vane), who were already upset that the Pequots had earlier failed to turn over men implicated in killing another trader on the Connecticut River.
Endecott's instructions were to go to Block Island, where he was to kill all of the Indian men and take captive the women and children.
He was then to go to the Pequots on the mainland, where he was to make three demands: first, that the killers of Oldham and the other trader be surrendered; second, that a payment of one thousand fathoms of wampum be made; and third, that some Pequot children be delivered to serve as hostages.
Although most of the Indians on Block Island only briefly opposed the English landing there, he spent two days destroying their villages, crops and canoes; most of the Indians on the island successfully eluded English searches for them.
After some discussion and delays due to bad weather, Gardiner and a company of his men agreed to accompany the Massachusetts force to raid the Pequot harvest stores.
When they arrived at the Pequot village near the mouth of the Thames River, they returned the friendly greetings of the inhabitants with stony silence.
Eventually a Pequot sachem rowed out to meet them; the English delivered their demands, threatening war if they did not receive satisfaction.
When the sachem left to discuss the matter in the village, Endecott gave a promise to await his return; however, shortly after the sachem left, he began landing his fully armed men on shore.
The sachem rushed back, claiming the senior tribal leaders were away on Long Island; Endecott responded that this was a lie, and ordered an attack on the village.
After completing this work, Endecott and the Massachusetts men boarded their boats to return to Boston, leaving Gardiner and his men to finish the removal of the crops.
The Pequots regrouped and launched an attack on Gardiner's party whose armor protected them from the arrowfire, but their escape was nevertheless difficult.
All of the surrounding colonies protested the action, complaining that the lives of their citizens were placed in jeopardy by the raid.
Endecott had no further role in the war, which ended with the destruction of the Pequots as a tribe; their land was divided up by the colonies and their Indian allies in the 1638 Treaty of Hartford, and the surviving tribespeople were distributed among their neighbors.
Endecott was elected deputy governor in 1641 and in this role was one of the signatories to the Massachusetts Body of Liberties, which enumerated a number of individual rights available to all colonists, and presaged the United States Bill of Rights.
The next few years were quiet, although rumors of war with the Indians led to the formation in 1643 of the New England Confederation, designed to facilitate united action by the New England colonies against common external threats as well as internal matters such as dealing with escaped slaves and fugitives from justice.
In 1643, Governor Winthrop became embroiled in a controversy over the propriety of taking sides in a power struggle going on in neighbouring French Acadia.
Endecott pointed out that he should have let the French fight amongst themselves without English involvement, as this would weaken them both.
The ascent of the Salem-based Endecott also prompted an attempt by other Salem residents to have the colonial capital relocated there; the attempt was rejected by the governor's council of assistants.
Two ships, one with a Royalist captain, the other with a Parliamentarian captain, arrived in Boston, and the Parliamentarian sought to seize the Royalist ship.
The Parliamentarian was permitted to seize the Royalist vessel, and the colony also began seizing Royalist vessels that came into port.
He was also once again made a governor's assistant, and was chosen to represent the colony to the confederation in 1646.
The threat of Indian conflicts in neighbouring colonies prompted the colony to raise its defensive profile, in which Endecott played a leading role.
By annual re-elections Endecott served nearly continuously until his death in 1664/5; for two periods (1650–1651 and 1654–1655) he was deputy governor.
In 1639 Endecott had been granted several hundred acres of land north of Salem, in what is now Boxford and Topsfield.
Endecott hired Richard Leader, an early settler who had done pioneering work at an iron works in nearby Lynn, but the efforts to develop the site for copper processing failed.
A persistent shortage of coinage in all of the colonies prompted Massachusetts to establish a mint on May 27, 1652, and begin production of coins from its silver reserves.
Although this did not become an issue while Endecott was governor, it eventually became a source of controversy with the crown, and the mint had apparently ceased operations around 1682.
In addition to formally claiming present-day Stonington, Connecticut as spoils from the Pequot War, Endecott sought to establish the colony's northern boundary.
In 1652 he sent a commission with surveyors to locate the most northerly point on the Merrimack River, since the colonial grant defined its northern border as north of that river.
These surveyors were led by Indian guides to the outlet of Lake Winnipesaukee which was claimed by the guides to be the source of the Merrimack.
At that location, the party incised an inscription on a rock that survives, and is now located in a small New Hampshire state park.
When this survey line was extended eastward, the boundary was determined to fall on the coast at Casco Bay, and the colony thus claimed most of what is now southern Maine and New Hampshire.
In 1651 he presided over a legal case in which three people were accused of being Baptists, a practice that had been banned in the colony in 1644.
Of the three men convicted, only Obadiah Holmes was whipped; John Crandall, out on bond, returned to Rhode Island with Clarke.
When Oliver Cromwell consolidated his control over England in the early 1650s, he began a crackdown on religious communities that dissented from his religious views.
This notably included Baptists and Quakers, and these groups began their own migration to the North American colonies to escape persecution.
Those that first arrived in Boston in 1656 were promptly deported by Endecott's deputy, Richard Bellingham, while Endecott was in Salem.
Following these acts, the members of the New England Confederation all adopted measures for the prompt removal of Quakers from their jurisdictions.
Two of them, Marmaduke Stephenson and William Robinson, were hanged, while the third, Mary Dyer, received a reprieve at the last minute.
Dyer returned to the colony in 1660, and, under questioning by Endecott and the other magistrates, refused to either recant her beliefs or agree to permanent banishment from the colony.
She was hanged on 1 June 1660; she, Stephenson, Robinson, and William Leddra (hanged in 1661) are now known as the Boston martyrs.
The severity of these acts was recognized by the colonists as problematic, and the laws were changed so that execution was the penalty for the fifth offense.
Even though the Puritan colonists of New England were supportive of Oliver Cromwell's reign in England, they were not always receptive to Cromwell's suggestions.
In response to a proposal by Cromwell that New Englanders migrate to Ireland to increase its Protestant population, the Massachusetts assembly drafted a polite response, signed by Endecott, indicating that its people were happy where they were.
This was an immediate cause for concern in all of the colonies that had supported Cromwell, since their charters might be revoked.
Although Charles promised in the 1660 Declaration of Breda that all were pardoned except by act of Parliament, the Indemnity and Oblivion Act of 1660 singled out all of the regicides for punishment.
Whalley and Goffe moved freely about the Boston area for some time, and Endecott refused to order their arrest until word arrived of the passage of the Indemnity Act.
It is unknown whether Whalley and Goffe had advance warning of the warrant, but they fled, apparently to the New Haven area.
Endecott's warrant was followed by an order issued by King Charles in March and received by Endecott in May 1661 containing a direct order to apprehend the two fugitives and ship them back to England.
Among their complaints was the fact that Charles' ascension to power had not been formally announced; this only took place in 1661 after Endecott received a chastising order from the king.
This prompted the assembly to draft another of several laudatory letters it addressed to the king, congratulating him on his rise to power.
The mint was claimed to be a bald-faced attempt to devalue good English currency, some colonists complained that the expansion of the colony's borders in 1652 was little more than a land grab, while others put forward claims of administrative malfeasance with respect to funds provided by the crown for the Christianization of Indians, and the Quakers catalogued a long list of grievances.
Believing that it was best to ignore the accusations, Endecott and other members of the old guard opposed sending representatives to London to argue against these charges.
The colonial mission, led by future governor Simon Bradstreet and pastor John Norton, was successful, and King Charles announced that he would renew the colonial charter, provided the colony allowed the Church of England to practice there.
The Endecott administration dragged its feet on implementation, and after months of inaction, the king sent a commission headed by Samuel Maverick, one of the colony's most vocal critics, to investigate.
Endecott had advance warning of what the commission was to investigate, and took steps to address in form, if not in substance, some of the expected actions.
Charles insisted that all religious dissenters be freed, which Endecott had done long before Maverick's arrival, but he did so by deporting them.
This effectively negated the law, because there were probably no ministers in the colony who would agree that Anglicans satisfied their idea of orthodoxy.
In 1655 the Massachusetts assembly passed a law requiring its governor to live closer to Boston; this was probably done in response to Endecott's sixth consecutive election as governor.
Endecott was consequently obliged to acquire a residence in Boston; although he returned to Salem frequently, Boston became his home for the rest of his life.
Although early accounts claim he was buried at Boston's King's Chapel, later evidence has identified his burial site as tomb 189 in the Granary Burying Ground.
Before he came to the colonies in 1628, Endecott was married to his first wife, Anne Gourer, who was a cousin of Governor Matthew Craddock.
After her death in New England, he was married in 1630 to a woman whose last name was Gibson, and by 1640 he was married to Elizabeth, the daughter of Philobert Cogan of Somersetshire.
There is only firm evidence that he was already married to Elizabeth in 1640, and the records that survive for the 1630s, when his sons were born, do not otherwise identify his wife by name.
Endecott's two known children were John Endecott and Dr. Zerubabbel Endecott, neither of whom, seemingly to his disappointment, followed him into public service.
There is also evidence that Endecott fathered another child in his early years in England; in about 1635 he arranged funds and instructions for the care of a minor also named John Endecott.
According to his will, several large tracts of land, including the Orchard estate in Salem and one quarter of Block Island, were distributed to his wife and sons; however, it was also noted that some of his books were sold to pay debts.
In 1930, the Massachusetts tercentenary was marked by the issuance of a medal bearing Endecott's likeness; it was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser.
He and some of his officers had gone ashore to negotiate for pepper in the town of Quallah Battoo when pirates took over the ship, murdered some of her crew and looted the cargo.
Béla Balázs (; 4 August 1884 in Szeged – 17 May 1949 in Budapest), born Herbert Béla Bauer, was a Hungarian film critic, aesthetician, writer and poet of Jewish heritage.
Balázs was a moving force in the Sonntagskreis or Sunday Circle, the intellectual discussion group which he founded in the autumn of 1915 together with Lajos Fülep, Arnold Hauser, György Lukács and Károly (Karl) Mannheim.
Meetings were held at his flat on Sunday afternoons; already in December 1915 Balázs wrote in his diary of the success of the group.
The collapse of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun in 1919 began a long period of exile in Vienna and Germany and, from 1933 until 1945, the Soviet Union.
A Revue Studios production, the program originally starred John Smith as Slim Sherman; Robert Fuller as Jess Harper; Hoagy Carmichael as Jonesy; and Robert L. Crawford, Jr. as Andy Sherman.
The two Sherman brothers and a drifter, Jess Harper, come together to run a stagecoach stop for the Great Central Overland Mail Company after the Shermans' father, Matt, was murdered by a greedy land seeker.
Not until near the end of the series was it revealed that Matt Sherman had been falsely accused during the American Civil War of having aided the Confederates.
After Jess Harper finds on Sherman ranch land the wreckage of a Union Army gold wagon stolen by Confederate raiders, Slim sets forth with the officer accused of helping the Confederates, portrayed by Frank Overton, and an Army major, the real culprit played by John Hoyt, to clear Matt Sherman's name.
Hoagy Carmichael's contract was not renewed after the first season, and his character was eliminated with the explanation that he had accompanied Andy to boarding school in St. Louis, Missouri.
Though Jess and Slim are at odds with each other in their first encounters, and friendship seems out of the question, Andy Sherman takes an instant liking to Jess.
Slim and Jess must fight together when Carlin shows up at the relay station (Carlin says he likes to watch men fight), and proceeds to humiliate the judge.
Malone and a mentally troubled Colonel Brandon, played by John Hoyt in another appearance on the series, arrive at the relay station with a daring but foiled plan to assassinate General William Tecumseh Sherman, who is scheduled to pass through the station on a stagecoach.
This episode reveals that Slim Sherman entered the Army as a private and advanced to second lieutenant and fought under General Sherman (no relation) in the March to the Sea in Georgia.
Subsequent episodes focus on the close friendship that develops between Slim and Jess, as they become like brothers with occasionally strong differences of opinion but always finding reconciliation and common ground.
Generally, Slim, who is taller than Jess and two years older, is depicted as the more level-headed and thoughtful, with Jess as more emotional, with righteous indignation and difficulty controlling his temper.
Hedrick is the son of eccentric Judge Matthew Hedrick, portrayed by Thomas Mitchell, who stacks the trial against MacLane, who is quickly convicted and hanged.
The mob is released on grounds that the homicide was without criminal intent, leniency is recommended by the jury, and the suspects must be retried under individual indictments, a technicality that outrages Jess Harper.
Slim Sherman, who had tried to defend MacLane at the trial, cautions Jess against precipitous action, and the two come to temporary blows.
The priest hires Charlie Root, played by Bill Williams, to guide him to meet with the Sioux Chief Sitting Bull to foster a peace treaty on the lawless Wyoming frontier of the early 1870s.
Series character Jess Harper fears for Father Elliott's safety when he learns that Charlie Root is wanted for murder and sets forth in pursuit of both men.
Dark foiled a robbery by the Reeves brothers, one of whom was killed, but his right hand was severely injured, and he can no longer handle a gun.
This episode has comic scenes of Slim Sherman and Jess Harper with repeated household chores since Slim's brother, Andy, had left the ranch for boarding school.
When the outlaw Frank Skinner, played by Myron Healey, admits that he will not marry her, Annie set her sights on Slim Sherman, who is not interested in marriage either but is looking for Skinner, for whom he had earlier ridden shotgun on the stagecoach.
Skinner then robbed the stage of its $10,000 shipment and shot to death Jack Adams, played by Ross Elliott, the manager of the stage line in Rockland City.
The outlaws find Andy Sherman on the trail riding a wild horse which they had stolen a year earlier from the Sherman ranch.
The horse had just been returned after its rider, a member of the Caudie gang, was shot to death following a bank robbery in Laramie.
Slim invites Luke to work temporarily at the ranch, but Jess believes something is awry when Luke mentions Slim's past association with a vigilante group in Adobe Wells, Kansas.
McKeever and his gang try to ambush Slim, who comes to the aid of Sheriff Mort Corey, another former Adobe Wells vigilante shot and wounded by McKeever.
When Slim Sherman comes to Laramie to buy supplies, he finds the town nearly deserted and must pretend to be an outlaw to survive.
The episode reveals that the Parksions and Shermans had many past disagreements that had resulted in a feud, but Slim had thought that the two families, now reduced in number, could live in peace.
Jess had killed and buried Wade's brother five years earlier at an abandoned Spanish mission in the desert but without finding the whereabouts of the buried gold.
At the outpost, the three come upon crusty recluse Tully Casper, played by Edgar Buchanan, who also has his eyes on the gold.
When Jess sets forth to clear his friend, he comes across several persons seeking to find a cavalry spur that supposedly contains a map to the fabled Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine in Arizona.
Lake was killed for the map, and Jess races to find the decisive spur before Slim can be tried, convicted, and hanged.
Slim Sherman offers Fred employment on the ranch though Fred is pursued by gunslingers portrayed by Lee Van Cleef and Russell Johnson.
As the episode ends, Fred, not Slim, gets the girl, and the two head by covered wagon to California, where Sue had inherited unseen property.
At the time the Sanfords arrive at the relay station, Slim Sherman and Jess Harper are painting the roof, and Daisy Cooper and Mike Williams have gone into town for supplies.
Ultimately, the younger of the Sanford sons, John, played in his acting debut by Alex Cord, a long-time friend of Robert Fuller's, fires a warning shot to alert the stagecoach carrying Vance.
The older belligerent son, portrayed by Jason Evers, falls in a gunfight with Jess, but Vance proceeds to serve his sentence at Leavenworth.
Kimball, however, joins a partner, portrayed by Dennis Patrick, in the sabotage and robbery of a stage in which Jess is riding shotgun.
Suddenly Matt Dyer, an outlaw played by Lloyd Nolan, arrives with his gang and takes as hostage Jess, Ma, and her granddaughter, Sue (Marlene Willis).
Dyer proceeds to humiliate the hostages, and when a posse arrives, he tries to use Ma and Sue to prevent the storming of the house.
When Daisy searches for further proof of Winter's guilt, Winter resorts to sabotage of Daisy's carriage and stakes out the Sherman ranch house, posing as an Indian, while Slim is away on an overnight assignment authorized by Winter.
A Colonel John Barrington, played by George Macready, and presumably modeled on John Chivington of the Sand Creek massacre in 1864 in Colorado, escapes while facing a court martial at Fort Laramie for his role in the later 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre in South Dakota.
As a favor to their neighbor, Martha, Slim Sherman and Jess Harper defend Grundy, who is pursued by the Kerrigan brothers, played by Harry Dean Stanton, Steve Brodie, and James Beck.
Grundy fools Slim and Jess into thinking that he must reach Laramie to deposit a bank draft, but he really intends to rob the bank.
Grundy had saved Jess from an accident while he was repairing the wheel of a stagecoach but then injects him with a dangerous chemical to keep him from talking after Jess learns that Grundy is indeed an outlaw.
Mort's newly married nephew, Johnny Hartley, played by Ben Cooper, wants to become a deputy too but finds he is unsuited for the work only after nearly getting killed by gunshot from two bank robbers, played by DeForest Kelley and Richard Devon.
Jess advises Lottie to stop gazing out the window at the dusty Laramie street and to look instead in the mirror to overcome her own weaknesses.
Ellen Burstyn plays Ross's girlfriend, Amy, and Arch Johnson is cast as the outlaw Sam Wellman, who forces Ross to open the safe in the bank at fictitious Granite City.
Roy, who is bound to a wheelchair, insists on keeping the money until Jess Harper arrives amid grave danger to all of their lives from the bandits searching about for the missing money.
They would be based on the geodesic dome developed by R. Buckminster Fuller, would cost half as much as conventional theaters of comparable size, and could be built in half the time.
The following April, Pacific Theatres Inc. announced plans to build the first theater based upon the design, and had begun razing existing buildings at the construction site.
The design was proposed by French architect Pierre Cabrol, lead designer in the noted architectural firm of Welton Becket and Associates.
Pacific Theatres founder, William R. Forman, announced the construction of the Cinerama Dome in July 1963 at a star studded ground breaking ceremony where Spencer Tracy, Buddy Hackett, Mickey Rooney, Dick Shawn, Edie Adams, and Dorothy Provine donned hard hats, and with picks and shovels, began construction.
Forman had committed to United Artists that the theatre would be ready for the November 7, 1963 world premiere of the first movie filmed in the new 70mm, single strip Cinerama process, Stanley Kramer’s It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World.
The theatre also has design elements such as a loge section with stadium seating, architecturally significant floating stairways, and at the time of its opening, the largest contoured motion picture screen in the world, measuring 32 feet high and 86 feet wide.
But by the late 1990s the motion picture exhibition business began to favor multiplex cinemas, and Pacific Theatres proposed a plan to remodel the Dome as a part of a shopping mall/cinema complex.
An example of this was the case of the Indian Hills Theater in Omaha, Nebraska, a round Cinerama theater boasting a 110-foot screen which was razed in 2001 to make room for a parking lot.
Interrupted by the First World War, the race waited a decade for its second running before becoming a staple of the European calendar.
In 1927 it was part of the World Manufacturers' Championship; it was promoted to the European Championship in 1935 before the Spanish Civil War brought an end to racing.
The race was successfully revived in 1967 and has been a regular part of the Formula One World Championship since 1968 at a variety of venues.
The first Spanish Grand Prix in 1913 was not actually run to the Grand Prix formula of the day, but to touring car rules, taking place on a 300-kilometre road circuit at Guadarrama, near Madrid, on the road to Valladolid.
Motor racing events had taken place in Spain prior to that—the most notable among them being the Catalan Cup of 1908 and 1909, on roads around Sitges, near Barcelona.
Both of these events were won by Jules Goux, helping to establish a strong racing tradition in Spain, which has continued to this day.
This enthusiasm for racing led to the plan to build a permanent track at Sitges—a oval that became known as Sitges-Terramar, and was the site of the 1923 Spanish Grand Prix.
In 1926, the Spanish Grand Prix moved to the 11-mile Circuito Lasarte on the northern coast near Bilbao, home of the main race in Spain during the 1920s—the San Sebastián Grand Prix.
The 1927 Spanish Grand Prix was part of the AIACR World Manufacturers' Championship, but the race was still not established and in 1928 and 1929 was run to sports car regulations.
The 1930 Spanish Grand Prix for sports cars, scheduled for 27 July, was cancelled due to the bad economic situation following the Wall Street crash in October 1929.
In 1946, racing returned to Spain in the form of the Penya Rhin Grand Prix at the Pedralbes street circuit in Barcelona.
Spain did not return to the international calendar until 1951, joining the list of races of the Formula One championship at Pedralbes.
Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio won his first world championship at the 1951 event in an Alfa Romeo while he took advantage of the improved works Ferrari's tire problems.
The race was scheduled for the 1952 and 1953 seasons but did not take place due to a lack of money, and in 1954, Briton Mike Hawthorn stopped Mercedes's dominance by winning in a Ferrari.
In the 1960s, Spain made a bid to return to the world of international motor racing—the Royal Automobile Club of Spain commissioned a new permanent racing circuit north of Madrid at Jarama, and the Spanish government refurbished the Montjuïc street circuit in Barcelona with safety upgrades.
A non-championship Grand Prix took place at Jarama in 1967, which was won by Jim Clark racing in a Lotus F1 car.
It was agreed, following this event, that the race would alternate between the tight, slow and twisty Jarama and the fast, wide and sweeping Montjuïc, and the Montjuïc circuit hosted its first Formula One race in 1969, with Briton Jackie Stewart winning.
1970 was a race that saw Belgian Jacky Ickx and Briton Jackie Oliver get involved in a fiery accident; with Ickx and Oliver escaping with burns.
The race was won by Stewart, he won again the next year after holding off 3 more powerful 12-cylinder engined cars.
There had been concerns about track safety during practice races, as the Armco barriers surrounding the city streets of the Montjuïc circuit had not been fastened down properly.
After the tragic events at the dangerously fast and tight space of Montjuïc, the Spanish Grand Prix was confined to Jarama.
The 1976 race saw Briton James Hunt take advantage of Lauda's broken ribs in a tractor accident; he was then disqualified after his McLaren was found to be 1.8 inches too wide.
As a result, none of the factory teams (Ferrari, Renault and Alfa Romeo) showed up for the event and only the independent constructors belonging to FOCA competed.
1981 was a race that Gilles Villeneuve in his ill-handling Ferrari held off 4 better-handling cars to take victory on the twisty and confined circuit; this is considered one of the greatest drives in all motorsports.
But the Spanish Grand Prix at Jarama was then also dropped from the racing calendar after being cancelled in 1982 because the organizers seemed more interested in the golf course near the circuit, and because of the narrow track, unpleasantly hot late June conditions, and small crowd at that year's race; it would return in 1986.
An attempt to revive the Spanish Grand Prix on a street circuit in the southwestern resort town of Fuengirola for 1984 did not work out; but in 1985, the Mayor of Jerez commissioned a new racing circuit in his town to promote tourism and sherries.
The track, the Circuito Permanente de Jerez, located near Seville in southern Spain was finished in time for the championship, which saw a furious battle between Ayrton Senna and Nigel Mansell, with the two cars finishing side by side.
1987 saw Mansell win in his Williams; and 1989 saw Senna drive a hard race to keep himself in the championship points; he won the event from Austrian Gerhard Berger in a Ferrari and the Brazilian's fierce rival and McLaren teammate, Frenchman Alain Prost.
The 1990 event was the last Spanish Grand Prix at Jerez (although Jerez did stage the European Grand Prix in 1994 and 1997).
Jerez's remote location did not help build large crowds for the race, combined with Donnelly's appalling crash into Armco barriers close to the track did nothing to help Jerez's reputation; although the circuit was popular with the F1 fraternity.
Work on the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya was underway in Montmeló, few kilometres from Barcelona, thanks to the support of the Spanish government, and in 1991, the event moved to this new track, where it has remained since.
Michael Schumacher has won a total of six times, including his 1996 victory in heavy rain, which was his first for Ferrari.
Mika Häkkinen took three victories and was on road for fourth in 2001 before his car failed on the last lap.
Alonso also finished third in 2007, with two further second places in 2010 and 2012, where he finished behind the Williams of Spanish speaking Pastor Maldonado, who won from pole; this was the first win and pole in a Grand Prix for a Venezuelan driver and Williams's first win since the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix and the team's first Spanish Grand Prix win and pole since 1997.
Two Spanish drivers have won the Spanish Grand Prix; Carlos de Salamanca in 1913 and Alonso in 2006 and 2013, with Spanish speaking Juan Manuel Fangio winning in 1951 as well as Maldonado in 2012.
However, this did not happen—Valencia dropped out for financial reasons and Catalunya remained the sole host of the Spanish Grand Prix.
Scott of the Antarctic is a British 1948 Technicolor film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica.
John Mills played Scott, with a supporting cast which included James Robertson Justice, Derek Bond, Kenneth More, John Gregson, Barry Letts and Christopher Lee.
Produced by Ealing Studios, the film was directed by Charles Frend and largely shot at the studios, with some landscape and glacier exteriors shot in the Swiss Alps and in Norway; no actual scenes were made in Antarctica, though some pre-war stock footage from Graham Land may have been used.
The film is largely faithful to the real events of the ill-fated polar trek, with emphasis on the stoic character of Scott and the hostility of the Antarctic environment.
The wife of Dr. E. A. Wilson, whom Scott hopes to recruit, is much less enthusiastic, but Wilson agrees to go on condition it is a scientific expedition.
Scott goes on a fundraising campaign, with mixed results, finding scepticism among Liverpool businessmen, but enthusiasm among schoolchildren who fund the sledge dogs.
Once there, a camp is set up at the coast, and a small contingent of men, ponies and dogs begins the trek towards the pole.
They reach the pole only to find the Norwegian flag already planted there and a letter from Roald Amundsen asking Scott to deliver it to the King of Norway.
When reaching the mountains bordering the polar plateau, Wilson shows the men some sea plant and tree fossils he has found, also a piece of coal, to Scott's satisfaction, proving that the Antarctic must have been a warm place once, and opening economic possibilities.
Nevertheless, Scott is increasingly concerned about the health of two of his men: Evans, who has a serious cut on his hand, and Oates, whose foot is appallingly frostbitten.
In 1947 it was announced that John Mills, then one of the biggest stars in Britain, would play the title role.
Cameraman Osmond Baradaile spent six months in 1946-47 shooting background footage in the Antarctic at Hope Bay as well as at South Shetland and the Orkneys, travelling 30,000 miles.
In October 1947 there was further nine weeks location filming in Norway, near Finse, which was used to represent the area near the South Pole.
As Amundsen had publicly announced he was going to the North Pole, the real Scott and his companions did not initially grasp Amundsen's ambiguous message, according to Tryggve Gran's diary (Gran was Scott's only Norwegian expedition member).
In historical fact, Scott was not at his base camp during this unscheduled return of his ship, but was busy laying depots in the interior of the Antarctic.
In the film, just before reaching the South Pole, Scott's team sight a black flag planted by Amundsen, and the men realise the race is lost.
In the next scene, the men arrive at Amundsen's empty tent (flying a Norwegian flag) at the South Pole, and discover the paw prints of Amundsen's sledge-dogs.
In historical reality, Scott and his men discovered the paw prints (and dog excrement) on the previous day at the black flag.
The film gives the impression that Scott asks himself at the South Pole whether he can manage to return to base camp safely.
This error in the film is based on a small omission in the originally published diary, an omission that was rediscovered long after the film was produced.
Given that some of the real expedition members were still alive at the time of filming and were consulted, the film documents the causes for the tragedy as they were seen at the time (1948).
Komi-Permyak language (перем коми кыв or коми-пермяцкӧй кыв ) is one of two regional varieties of the pluricentrical Komi language, the other variety being Komi-Zyrian.
The Komi-Permyak language, spoken in Perm Krai of Russia and written using the Komi Cyrillic alphabet, was co-official with Russian in the Komi Okrug of the Perm Krai.
Only in the early 2000s (decade) has started a controversial process of replacing the offensive official name by a more correct one.
The central (new southern) and northern groups of Komi-Permyak are spoken in Komi Okrug of Perm Krai, where the language was standardized in the 1920s.
The central dialects, spoken in the Ińva river basin, differ considerably from the other Komi-Permyak dialects due to the general shift of etymological /l/ to /v/, then to /w/, and finally to the disappearance of the consonant, which has triggered significant changes in morphology.
The differences between the Kudymkar and Uliś Ińva dialects are mainly in accentuation: the Uliś Ińva has a phonological stress (the Öń too), whereas the Kudymkar dialect (like as Ńerdva) has a morphological one.
The northern group of the Permian dialects (upon Kösva, Kama and Lup rivers) was under a strong Zyrian influence on all the levels.
The Köć and Kös dialects are closely related with some Syktyv dialects of Zyrian, whereas the Lup dialect for a long time was in tenuous connections with the Upper Ezhva dialect.
The dialect has archaic system of vowels (including /ö/, /ü/ and /ʌ/), while its accentuation is similar to Uliś Ińva's and its lexical system likes the Northern Permian one.
The Komi-Permyak vowel system can be considered as being three-dimensional, where vowels are characterised by three features: front and back, rounded and unrounded and vowel height.
There are no diphthongs; when two vowels come together, which occurs at some morpheme boundaries, each vowel retains its individual sound.
The plural marker of nouns is /ez/ (orthographically эз or ез) immediately following a word stem before any case or other affixes.
The Permian Komi possessive suffixes are added to the end of nouns either before or after a case suffix depending on case.
The three suffixes of singular possession have in addition to their main forms the weak variants used combining with a weak form of plural suffix, weak forms of some cases or forming the suffixes of plural possession.
The disputes continue about the status of some monosyllabic postpositions and a set of dialectal reduced forms of postpositions that can be treated as case suffixes too.
Used attributively, Permian Komi adjectives precede the nouns they modify, and are not declined: басöк нывка 'beautiful girl' → басöк нывкаэслö 'to the beautiful girls'.
The declensional paradigma is the same as by nouns, except the main accusative form, that became by adjectives suffix ö instead of öс or a null morpheme by nouns: адззи басöк нывкаöс 'I have found a beautiful girl' → адззи басöкö 'I have found a beautiful [girl]'.
The plural marker of the predicative is öсь: керкуыс ыджыт 'the house is big ' → керкуэc ыджытöсь 'the houses are big'.
The Battle of Mount Harriet was an engagement of the Falklands War, which took place on the night of 11/12 June 1982 between British and Argentine forces.
The British force consisted of 42 Commando (42 CDO), Royal Marines under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Nick Vaux's Royal Marines (he later became a general) with artillery support from a battery of 29 Commando Regiment, Royal Artillery.
On 1 June, the Argentine defenders on Harriet and Two Sisters, after having abandoned their field kitchens in their original positions on Mount Challenger, were given permission by their officers to consume their cold-weather ration packs, which helped raise morale of the conscripts.
On the night of 30 May, K Company of 42 CDO boarded three Sea King helicopters and moved forward of San Carlos to secure the commanding heights of Mount Kent—at 1,504 feet, the tallest of the peaks surrounding Stanley—where Major Cedric Delves' D Squadron from the Special Air Service (SAS) had already established a strong presence.
However, when the Royal Marines reinforcements and 7 'Sphinx' Battery of the 29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery aboard a Chinook helicopter, arrived at their landing zone, some 3 kilometres (2 miles) behind the ridge of the mountain, the Marines were surprised to see the gun-flashes, mortar detonations and lines of ammunition tracer lighting up the night.
A second clash involving D Squadron was taking place, this time in the form Captain Gavin Hamilton's Mountain Troop that had spotted enemy movement in the form of Captain Tomás Fernández' 2nd Assault Section, 602 Commando Company that was trying to exit the area after having taking cover among the boulders and caves on Bluff Cove Peak the day before.
At the same time, Captain Matthew Selfridge's D Company scouting ahead of 3 PARA took Teal Inlet Settlement, at the cost of one wounded through an accidental discharge.
The SAS soldiers claim to have come under mortar bombardment while evacuating their wounded, and the Royal Marines from 7 'Sphinx' Battery of the 29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery report the loss of one gunner (Van Rooyen), who suffered a broken arm while taking cover among the rocks during the bombardment.
The rest of 42 Commando made a desperate march across the hills north of Mount Simon to reinforce Mounts Kent and Challenger overlooking Port Stanley.
Because of the weather and lack of equipment, we just had to carry all our heavy equipment back to Mount Kent, instead of being flown there.
You're walking and falling, walking and falling—some of the lads carrying up to a hundred pounds—and if you fell over, it took two guys to lift you back up.
Some night-fighting patrols were part of a deception plan to convince the Argentinians that the attack would come from a westerly direction.
This action drew attention to their exposed forward position, and Argentine reinforcements in the form of a rifle section under Corporal Walter Ariel Pintos from Second Lieutenant Marcelo Llambías Pravaz's 3rd Platoon on Two Sisters joined the action with a counterattack firing rifle-grenades.
With no information, and the likelihood of having to fight our way out, Dave Greedus and I decided to abandon our equipment, destroying as much as we could.
The Ferranti laser-target-designator retrieved in the contact showed that the Royal Marines were seeking to destroy the Argentine bunkers on Mount Harriet with 1,000-pound GBU-16 Paveway II dropped by RAF Harriers.
The next day, Lieutenant Tony Hornby's 10 (Defence) Troop re-occupied the Mount Wall observation post against no opposition.However, on the night of 5-6 June, Captain Andrés Ferrero's 3rd Assault Section attacked Lieutenant Hornby's men on Mount Wall.
That same night (5-6 June), a British Gazelle helicopter bringing forward much-needed communications equipment for the planned advance on the part of the 5th Infantry Brigade along the Stanley-Fitzroy tracks was shot down in error by a Sea Dart missile launched by HMS Cardiff; four men were killed in the helicopter.
On 8 June reinforcements in the form of machine-gunners, mortarmen and protecting riflemen from the 1st 'Patricios' Infantry Regiment, Regiment of Mounted Grenadiersand 17th Airborne Infantry Regimentarrived from Comodoro Rivadavia to support the 4th Infantry Regiment.
On the night of 8–9 June, action on the outer defence zone flared when Lieutenant Mark Townsend's 1 Troop (K Company, 42 CDO) probed Mount Harriet, killing two Argentines (Corporal Hipolito Gonzalez and Private Martiniano Gomez) from Second Lieutenant Jiménez Corbalán's 3rd Platoon.
At the same time, two platoon-size fighting patrols from 45 Commando attempted the same on Two Sisters Mountain, but the Argentine RASIT ground surveillance radar on Mount Longdon was able to detect the 45 Commando platoons, and artillery fire dispersed the British force.
In all, Second Lieutenant Lautaro Jiménez Corbalán would report the loss of 6 killed and 14 wounded fighting off Lieutenant Marwood's Recce Troop on Mount Wall and the raid of Lieutenant Towsend's 1 Troop, including losses suffered during the final British assault on Mount Harriet on the night of 11-12 June.
Around dusk on 9 June, Lieutenant-Colonel Soria's men detected the presence of British troops that had taken up positions in a house on the southern approaches to Mount Harriet.
The 4th Regiment's Reconnaissance Platoon under Sub-Lieutenant Jorge Pasolli received instructions to move forward and clear the British from Port Harriet House and the Scots Guards Reconnaissance Platoon that had moved into the area was forced to vacate the building when the Argentines radioed in mortar fire support from the 120-mm Mortar Platoon on Mount Harriet and Pasolli's men attacked.
The Scots Guards fired back at the Reconnaissance Platoon with two Bren machine guns but were forced to abandon their rucksacksand radiosand retreated to North Basin under heavy small arms and mortar fire that wounded three men including Sergeant Ian Allum.
Every time the Royal Marine Commandos got into the forward platoon positions, the officers, NCOs and conscripts, in general, counterattacked with rifles and cleared them out.
On the morning of 11 June, the orders for the attack were given to 42 CDO by Vaux; K Company was ordered to attack the eastern end of the mountain, while L Company would attack the southern side an hour later, where it—if the mountain was secured—would then move north of Mount Harriet to Goat Ridge.
In the closing hours of 11 June, K and L Companies moved from their assembly area on Mount Challenger (which lay to the west of Mount Harriet) and made their way south, around their objective, across the minefield, to their respective start lines.
The battle for Mount Harriet began on the evening of 11 June with a blistering naval bombardment that killed two Argentinians and wounded twenty-five.
The Argentines retaliated and the Artillery Observation Officer on Mount Kent, Captain Tomás Fox, directed 155mm artillery rounds that fell among the men of 'B' Company, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles in the area of Bluff Cove, seriously wounding three Gurkhas, including Lance Corporal Gyanendra Rai who nearly bled to death.
During the patrolling period, the Royal Marines had discovered a path through a frozen minefield that Lieutenant Roberto Francisco Eito's platoon of sappers from the 601st Combat Engineers Company had laid around Mount Harriet, allowing the 42 Commando rifle companies to attack the two Argentine 4th Regiment companies on Harriet from the rear, according to the 4th Regiment's Intelligence Officer First Lieutenant Jorge Echeverría.
Captain Peter Babbington's K Company crossed their start line first and proceeded up the mountain undetected, knifing two sentries on the way.
During the engagement, Second Lieutenant Juarez was badly wounded firing his handgun in the dark and Corporal Laurence G Watts from K Company was killed clearing the occupants of a tent.
The supporting British artillery batteries and mortar crews fired over 1,000 rounds to keep the Argentines pinned down, and helped stop the defenders getting a proper aim at the Royal Marines from K and L Companies that night.
About 150 metres from Soria's HQ, Corporal Steve Newland circled behind a group of Argentines (under First Lieutenant Jorge Alejandro Echeverria, the 4th Regiment's intelligence officer) who were setting up an ambush.
Each time a Royal Marine moved, Corporal Roberto Baruzzo would open fire with the help of his night vision rifle scope, to make it appear there was only one enemy sniper holding up K Company.
Lieutenant Echeverria's men were holding their fire in order to encourage the British to break cover and rush their position only to run into the concentrated fire of the machine-gun and protecting riflemen under Echeverria.With half a platoon of disciplined RI4 and RI12 riflemen and a MAG team threatening to blunt the British advance, Newland darted out from undercover to charge the enemy machine gun.
He grenaded two of the crew, but reaching the rear of the machine gun position, Baruzzo shot Newland in both legs.
With the enemy machine gun out of action, Corporals Steve Newland, Mick Eccles and Chrystie 'Sharky' Ward were able to clear the position with some help from Marine Barnett, capturing 17 Argentines, including Echeverria who was shot five times and Baruzzo who attended the wounded officer.
Increasing numbers of Argentine soldiers, mainly shocked and dazed conscripts from RI 4's Recce Platoon, Reserve Platoon and 120-mm Mortar Platoon began to surrender, but several experienced officers (First Lieutenants Francisco Pablo D'Aloia, Esteban Guillermo Carlucci and Luis Oscar García) and senior NCOs still fought on, according to their orders.
The RI 4 Commanding Officer and First Lieutenant Rubén Cichiara, despite heavy British fire, linked up with B Company and ordered Arroyo's men to counterattack.
Captain David Wheen's L Company crossed their start line shortly after K Company and were almost immediately engaged by effective machine gun fire from Sub-Lieutenant Pablo Oliva's platoon of conscripts defending the lower southern slopes.
The weapons in Oliva's platoon would not be silenced until being hit by several MILAN anti-tank missiles and six 105mm artillery guns from Mount Challenger, with Oliva reporting the loss of 4 men in his platoon.
The L Company Marines took 5 hours to advance 600 metres in the face of reinforcements in the form of Sub-Lieutenant Eugenio César Bruny's RI 4 Platoon and contend they took fire from at least seven machine guns and protecting rifle teams that wounded five men, including the company's second-in-command and a signaller.
British military historian Hugh Bicheno reports that the 4th Regiment's passive night goggles were all with Arroyo's B Company.Another 11 Marines in Wheen's Company were wounded by Argentine shellfire that Lieutenant-Colonel Soria personally brought down attempting to halt the British advance.
As they advanced, the Royal Marine platoon came under heavy fire from Second Lieutenant Jiménez Corbalán 3rd Platoon, covering the Argentine retreat and were forced to withdraw under cover of machine guns pre-positioned behind them and further up the hill.
L Company requested mortar fire onto the Argentines; a mixture of HE and WP; then 5 Troop moved forward again, this time supported by 15 machine-guns.
They took 3 prisoners although most of Jiménez-Corbalán men had withdrawn after losing two killed in the night fighting (Privates Juan José Acuña and Carlos Epifanio Casco).
British artillery intervened and bombarded Silva's platoon and Lima Company was able to resume the advance in the form of 4 Troop that captured Goat Ridge after Silva's men had withdrawn.
At some time in the early morning darkness, as Second Lieutenant Jiménez Corbalán's 3rd platoon was making its way to new positions on Mount William, the officer was concussed and temporarily blinded when he set off an Argentine booby-trap while leading his men through a minefield.
At great risk to themselves, Privates Teodoro Flores and Carlos Salvatierra rescued their platoon commander and were later decorated for their bravery.
The battle was a textbook example of good planning and use of deception and surprise, and a further step towards the main objective of Stanley.
Two Royal Marines: Corporal Laurence G Watts and Acting Corporal Jeremy Smith were killed, and thirty were wounded, including fourteen wounded in L Company.Another six Scots Guards and Gurkhas were wounded by Argentine artillery and mortar fire controllers on Mount Harriet.
helicopter (serial number XX377, piloted by Staff Sergeant Christopher Griffin and Lance Corporal Simon Cockton) had also been lost in a friendly-fire incident early on 6 June, killing both pilots and two signallers (Major Michael Forge and Staff Sergeant John Bake) while flying vital communications equipment from Goose Green to Bluff Cove for the planned advance along the Fitzroy-Stanley track.
The night battle had lasted longer than expected, leaving no time for 42 Commando to capture Mount William under the cover of darkness as had been planned.Lance Corporal Tony Koleszar had the surprising experience of finding that two 'dead' Argentine soldiers, whose boots he was trying to remove, were very much alive and jumped up to surrender.
We had first generation night sights, which were large cumbersome pieces of equipment, while the Argentines had second-generation American night sights that were compact and so much better than what we had.
The one deficiency which we exposed was that they had planned for a western end of the mountain attack and therefore had not bothered to extend their defensive positions to the eastern end, where we ultimately attacked.
One British general put their success down to his Marines' skill and professionalism:What was needed was speed but not being bloody stupid.
42 Commando captured 300 prisoners on Mount Harriet, and for the bravery shown in the attack, the unit was awarded one DSO, one Military Cross, four Military Medals, and eight men were mentioned in dispatches.
Free state is a term occasionally used in the official titles of some states throughout the world with varying meanings depending on the context.
In principle, the title asserts and emphasises a particular freedom of the state in question, but this is not always reflected in practice.
Some states use the title to assert sovereignty or independence from foreign domination, while others have used it to assert autonomy within a larger nation-state.
The historical German free states and the Orange Free State of Southern Africa were republican in form, however the Congo Free State and Irish Free State were governed under forms of monarchy.
After the German Revolution of November 1918, when Imperial Germany became a democratic republic, most of the German states within the German Reich called themselves a Free State.
After the reunification, the reestablished Saxony (successor (but not de jure) to the Kingdom of Saxony) used the name again in 1992 and Thuringia began to use it for the first time in 1993.
In contrast, the Congo Free State came into being between 1877 and 1884 as a private kingdom or dictatorship of King Leopold II of Belgium.
However, according to the United States Supreme Court, Puerto Rico is not free or associated; it is only a state in the general sense, not as a state of the Union in the U.S. constitutional sense.
According to consistent U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence, Puerto Rico belongs to but is not an integral part (Organized incorporated territory) of the United States.
Moreover, the said jurisprudence has determined that regardless of what nominal or cosmetic veneer has moted Puerto Rico's political status, it is essentially a U.S. colonial territory, since it is under the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress.
The RSK government waged a war for ethnic Serb independence from Croatia and unification with FR Yugoslavia and Republika Srpska (in Bosnia and Herzegovina).
Its main portion was overrun by Croatian forces in 1995 and the Republic of Serbian Krajina was ultimately disbanded as a result; a rump remained in eastern Slavonia under UNTAES administration until its peaceful reintegration into Croatia in 1998.
Many Croats, Serbs and Vlachs immigrated from nearby parts of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Bosnia and Serbia) into the region and helped bolster and replenish the population as well as the garrisoned troops in the fight against the Ottomans.
The Austrians controlled the Frontier from military headquarters in Vienna and did not make it a crown land, though it had some special rights in order to encourage settlement in an otherwise deserted, war-ravaged territory.
Following the end of World War I in 1918, the regions formerly forming part of the Military Frontier came under the control of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where they formed part of the Sava Banovina, along with most of the old Croatia-Slavonia.
Between the two World Wars the Serbs of the Croatian and Slavonian Krajinas, as well as those of the Bosnian Krajina and of other regions west of Serbia, organized a notable political party, the Independent Democratic Party under Svetozar Pribićević.
In the new state there existed much tension between the Croats and Serbs over differing political visions, with the campaign for Croatian autonomy culminating in the assassination of a Croatian leader, Stjepan Radić, in the parliament, and repression by the Serb-dominated security structures.
Between 1939 and 1941, in an attempt to resolve the Croat-Serb political and social antagonism in first Yugoslavia, the kingdom established an autonomous Banovina of Croatia incorporating (amongst other territories) much of the former Military Frontier as well as parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In 1941 the Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia and in the aftermath the Independent State of Croatia (which included the whole of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of Serbia (Eastern Syrmia) as well) was declared.
The Germans installed the Ustaše (who had allegedly plotted the assassination of the Serbian King Alexander I of Yugoslavia in 1934) as rulers of the new country; the Ustaše authorities promptly pursued a genocidal policy of persecution of Serbs, Jews and Croats (from opposition groups), leading to hundreds of thousands being killed.
Serbs from around the Knin area tended to join the Chetniks, whilst Serbs from the Banovina and Slavonia regions tended to join the Partisans.
At the end of World War II in 1945, the communist-dominated Partisans prevailed and the Krajina region became part of the People's Republic of Croatia until 7 April 1963, when the federal republic changed its name to the Socialist Republic of Croatia.
Tito suppressed the autonomous political organisations of the region (along with other movements such as the Croatian Spring); however, the Yugoslav constitutions of 1965 and 1974 did give substantial rights to national minorities - including to the Serbs in SR Croatia.
Large sections of the historical Military Frontier lay outside of the Republic of Serb Krajina and contained a largely Croat population - these including much of Lika, the area centred around the city of Bjelovar, central and south-eastern Slavonia.
The Serb-populated regions in Croatia were of central concern to the Serbian nationalist movement of the late 1980s, led by Slobodan Milošević.
In September 1986 the Serbian Academy's memorandum on the status of Serbia and Serbs was partially leaked by a Serbian newspaper.
It listed a series of grievances against the Yugoslav federation, claiming that the situation in Kosovo was 'genocide', and complained about alleged discrimination of Serbs at the hands of the Croatian authorities.
Among the claims that it makes is that 'except for the time under the Independent State of Croatia, the Serbs in Croatia have never been as jeopardized as they are today’.
Tension was further fuelled by the overthrow of Vojvodina and Montenegro's government by Milošević's loyalists, and the abrogation of Kosovo's and Vojvodina's autonomy in 1989, which gave Milošević 4 out of 8 votes on the Yugoslav Federal Presidency, thus gaining the power to block every decision made by the Presidency.
On 8 July 1989, a large nationalist rally was held in Knin, during which banners threatening JNA intervention in Croatia, as well as Chetnik iconography was displayed, stunning the Croatian public.
The Croatian pro-independence party victory in 1990 made matters more tense, especially since the country's Serb minority was supported by Milošević.
Serbs became increasingly opposed to the policies of Franjo Tuđman, elected president of Croatia in April 1990, due to his overt desire for the creation of an independent Croatia.
The following June in Knin, the SDS-led Serbs proclaimed the creation of the Association of Municipalities of Northern Dalmatia and Lika.
In August 1990, the Serbs began what became known as the Log Revolution, where barricades of logs were placed across roads throughout the South as an expression of their secession from Croatia.
Some would later justify their claim to an independent Serb state by arguing that the new constitution contradicted the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution, because, in their view, Croatia was still legally governed by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, although this ignores the fact that Serbia's constitution, promulgated three months before Croatia's, also contained several provisions violating the 1974 Federal Constitution.
The rebel Croatian Serbs established a number of paramilitary militia units under the leadership of Milan Martić, the police chief in Knin.
As expected, it was declared illegal and invalid by the Croatian government, who stated that Serbs had no constitutional right to break away from Croatian legal territory - as well as no right to limit the franchise to one ethnic group.
Other Serb-dominated communities in eastern Croatia announced that they would also join SAO Krajina and ceased paying taxes to the Zagreb government, and began implementing its own currency system, army regiments, and postal service.
Croatia held a referendum on independence on 19 May 1991, in which the electorate—minus many Serbs, who chose to boycott it—voted overwhelmingly for independence with the option of confederate union with other Yugoslav states - with 83 percent turnout, voters approved the referendum by 93 percent.
As the JNA attempted unsuccessfully to suppress Slovenia's independence in the short Slovenian War, clashes between revolting Croatian Serbs and Croatian security forces broke out almost immediately, leaving dozens dead on both sides.
Serbs were supported by remnants of the JNA (whose members were now only from Serbia and Montenegro), which provided them weapons.
Paramilitary groups such as Wolves of Vučjak and White Eagles, funded by the Serbian secret police, were also a key component of this structure.
Over the following months, a large area of territory, amounting to a third of Croatia, was controlled by the rebel Serbs.
The bulk of the fighting occurred between August and December 1991 when approximately 80,000 Croats were expelled (and some were killed).
Many more died and or were displaced in fighting in eastern Slavonia (this territory along the Croatian/Serbian border was not part of the Krajina, and it was the JNA that was the principal actor in that part of the conflict).
The total number of exiled Croats and other non-Serbs range from 170,000 (ICTY) up to a quarter of a million people (Human Rights Watch).
In the latter half of 1991, Croatia was beginning to form an army and their main defenders, the local police, were overpowered by the JNA military who supported rebelled Croatian Serbs.
Among other places, they shelled the Croatian coastal town of Zadar killing over 80 people in nearby areas and damaging the Maslenica Bridge that connected northern and southern Croatia, in the Operation Coast-91.
On 26 February 1992, the SAO Western Slavonia and SAO Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia were added to the RSK, which initially had only encompassed the territories within the SAO Krajina.
Under the Vance plan, signed in November 1991, Presidents Tuđman and Milošević agreed to a United Nations peace plan put forward by Cyrus Vance.
A final ceasefire agreement, the Sarajevo Agreement, was signed by representatives of the two sides in January 1992, paving the way for the implementation of the Vance plan.
Four United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) were established in Croatian territory which was claimed by RSK, and the plan called for the withdrawal of the JNA from Croatia and for the return of refugees to their homes in the UNPAs.
The JNA officially withdrew from Croatia in May 1992 but much of its weaponry and many of its personnel remained in the Serb-held areas and were turned over to the RSK's security forces.
Refugees were not allowed to return to their homes and many of the remaining Croats and other nationalities left in the RSK were expelled or killed in the following months.
On 21 February 1992, the creation of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was authorised by the UN Security Council for an initial period of a year, to provide security to the UNPAs.
UNPROFOR was deployed throughout the region to maintain the ceasefire, although in practice its light armament and restricted rules of engagement meant that it was little more than an observer force.
Milan Babić later testified that this policy was driven from Belgrade through the Serbian secret police—and ultimately Milošević—who he claimed was in control of all the administrative institutions and armed forces in the Krajina.
The Army of Serbian Krajina frequently attacked neighbouring Bihać enclave (then in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) with heavy artillery.
However, Serbs considered this too late, as it was not the amount of autonomy they wanted, and by now they had declared de facto independence.
The existence of the Autonomous District of Glina was also provided in the draft of the Z-4 plan, that was rejected.
The partial implementation of the Vance Plan drove a wedge between the governments of the RSK and Serbia, the RSK's principal backer and supplier of fuel, arms and money.
On the surface, the RSK had all the trappings of a state: army, parliament, president, government and ministries, currency and stamps.
However, its economy was wholly dependent on support from the rump Yugoslavia, which had the effect of importing that country's hyperinflation.
To make matters worse, the RSK's government was grossly corrupt and the region became a haven for black marketeering and other criminal activity.
It was clear by the mid-1990s that without a peace deal or support from Yugoslavia the RSK was not economically viable.
Since the 1992 ceasefire agreement, Croatia had spent heavily on importing weapons and training its armed forces with assistance from American contractors.
There were only about 55,000 of them to cover a front of some 600 km in Croatia plus 100 km along the border with the Bihać pocket in Bosnia.
Also, political divisions between Hadžić and Babić occasionally led to physical and sometimes even armed confrontations between their supporters; Babić himself was assaulted and beaten in an incident in Benkovac.
In January 1993 the revitalized Croatian army attacked the Serbian positions around Maslenica in southern Croatia which curtailed their access to the sea via Novigrad.
In a second offensive in September 1993 the Croatian army overran the Medak pocket in southern Krajina in a push to regain Serb-held Croatian territory.
This action was halted by international diplomacy but although the rebel Croatian Serbs brought reinforcements forward fairly quickly, the strength of the Croatian forces proved superior.
Following the rejection by both sides of the Z-4 plan for reintegration, the RSK's end came in 1995, when Croatian forces gained control of SAO Western Slavonia in Operation Flash (May) followed by the biggest part of occupied Croatia in Operation Storm (August).
Some had to leave because the Serb army had forced them to, while others feared the revenge of the Croatian army or of their former Croat neighbours, whom they had driven away and whose homes they had mostly looted (and it was later shown that this fear was far from groundless).
Between 2001 and 2012, the ICTY had prosecuted Croatian generals Ante Gotovina, Mladen Markač and Ivan Čermak in the Trial of Gotovina et al for their involvement in crimes committed during and in the aftermath of Operation Storm.
The indictment and the subsequent trial on charges of crimes against humanity and violations of the laws or customs of war described several killings, widespread arson and looting committed by Croatian soldiers.
Gotovina and Markač appealed the verdict and in November 2012 the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY overturned their convictions, acquitting them.
The parts of the former RSK in eastern Croatia (along with the Danube) remained in place, in what was previously the SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia.
In 1995, Milan Milanović, formerly a Republic of Serbian Krajina official, signed the Erdut Agreement as a representative of the Serbian side.
This agreement, co-signed by the representative of the Croatian Government, was sponsored by the United Nations, and it set up a transitional period during which the United Nations Transitional Authority for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) peacekeeping mission would oversee a peaceful reintegration of this territory into Croatia, starting on 15 January 1996.
After the peaceful reintegration, two Croatian islands on the Danube, the Island of Šarengrad and the Island of Vukovar, remained under Serbian military control.
In 1999 he was sentenced to an additional 20 years for war crimes in Tenja, near Osijek, and in 2002 Croatia's state attorney brought another indictment against him for the murder of almost 1,300 Croats in Vukovar, Osijek, Vinkovci, Županja and elsewhere.
In 2011 he was arrested and extradited to the Hague, where his initial trial hearing was held on 25 July the same year.
According to data set forth at the meeting of the Government of the RSK in July 1992, its ethnic composition was 88% Serbs, 7% Croats, 5% others.
As of November 1993, less than 400 ethnic Croats still resided in UNPA Sector South, and between 1,500 and 2,000 remained in UNPA Sector North.
However, Serbia did not accept the conclusions of the commission in that period and recognized Croatia only after Croatian military actions (Oluja and Bljesak) and the Dayton agreement.
Milan Babić, former President of Serbian Krajina, testified to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) that Krajina was provided with weapons by Slobodan Milošević's government in Serbia, and that Krajina was economically and financially dependent upon Serbia.
The meeting elected Milorad Buha, member of the Serbian Radical Party, as prime minister as well as six ministers without portfolio whose names were not revealed.
This move was criticized by many, including top Serbian and Croatian government officials, as well as senior representatives of Serbs in Croatia.
It was pointed out that the Krajina Serb legislators had rejected the Z-4 proposal when it had originally been put forward.
Some Serbian nationalists also criticized the move, saying that a government in exile should have been created as soon as possible after Operation Storm, not 10 years later.
Kildin Sámi (sometimes spelled Saami, and also known as Kola Sámi, Eastern Sámi, and Lappish, though the last is ambiguous), is a Sámi language that is spoken on the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia that today is and historically was once inhabited by this group.
As social and cultural emphasis has been put on the writing and speaking of the various languages that constitute Russia, Kildin Sámi has now become a critically endangered language.
Russian is prominently spoken in Kildin Sámi communities so much so that the original language is hardly ever heard of or only spoken privately amongst those who still know how to do so within an insular community.
The few Kildin Sámi who speak and understand their language proficiently can also speak various dialectical tongues that constitute ethnic Russia.
Because the language has eroded so rapidly over the centuries, it is more widely spoken amongst or between older elders who were taught and educated between themselves and thus retained the spoken language and hardly spoken by children.
The reasons for the loss and decline in speakership is as follows: a lack of education, dispersion of the Sámi, no generational transmission of traditional SaamiSámitrades and ways of life, and not ever needing to speak or not regularly speaking the language have both caused speakership to take a hit over the years.
Its future, however, appears to be not as bright as that of Skolt Sami or Inari Sami because the language is used actively by only very few people today.
Originally, Kildin Sámi was spoken in the mainland areas with the largest pockets of these people in clustered areas and in the coastal parts of the Kola Peninsula.
Kildin Sámi speakers can be found in rural and urban areas, with one of them being in the administrative center of the Murmansk area.
Kildin Sámi enclaves can be found throughout villages in Lovozero, Revda, Kola, Loparskaja, Teriberka, but can also be found in larger more sizable areas of Russia such as Olenegorsk and Apatity.
Lovozero is known as the area where the Kildin Sámi are dominantly present and where the language is still widely spoken amongst the small population: 700–800 ethnic Kildin Sámi among a total village population of approximately 3,000.
As a result of relocation, migration, and forced movement of the group, the community has really fragmented and become divided over other areas in Russia, thus leading to an inability for the revival and sustenance of their language, traditions, customs, and beliefs.
From a strictly geographical point of view, only Kildin and Ter, spoken on the Peninsula, should be regarded as Kola Sámi.
The Kildin Sámi (Kola Sámi) first came into contact and had more subsequent meetings with the Russians in the 12th century, when Pomor traders from the republic of Novgorod landed on the southern shores of the Kola Peninsula.
Russians themselves inhabited and set up shelters in the Kola and the Ter Coast as it was known then during the 13th–14th centuries.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Russians started heavily occupying and building their own communities in northern Karelia and increased exposure between the Kildin Sámi and Russians naturally blossomed as a result.
In the Russian empire, the Kildin Sámi had no authority, rights or privileges, or liberties of autonomy and independence to control their affairs and to educate and teach their language through schools.
After the 1917 Revolution which overthrew the tsarist regime of Nicholas II and led to the rise of the Bolsheviks, party systems, and emphasis towards a village-centered, peasant-centered, society, the Soviet state implemented laws or statutes that encouraged the development and protection of Sámi language and Sámi culture.
As Stalins' reign went on in Soviet Russia, his paranoia, frustrations, anger, and delusions grew, emotions he would act on as leader.
Resistance and refusal to submit to the collectivized farms, villages and working conditions of the reindeer Kildin Sámi community led to arrests by Stalin in the 1930s of those who lived in the Kola tundras.
As Russia entered World War II, Kildin Sámi youth were drafted and impressed to serve in the Red Army, which lessened hardships and prejudices they faced for a temporary period.
Although the repression ended after the death of Stalin in 1953, Russification policies continued and the work with the Sami languages started again only in the beginning of the 1980s when new teaching materials and dictionaries were published.
There is an opportunity to revitalize, reintegrate, and have Kildin Sami be more widely spoken such as reintroducing and raising awareness and support for Kildin Sámi as an everyday language for communication—like in the Sámi community of Lovozero.
A sizable portion of political and cultural Kildin Sámi groups are pushing for policies and local measures that help to maintain and protect Sámi tradition, which is important if the language is to survive the test of time.
The federal Russian legislation guarantees the Sami several legal rights giving them language sovereignty and rights to use and develop their languages.
But for the practical realization of these rights the Kola Sami community needs to hold a constant constructive dialogue with the municipal and regional authorities, which have expressed their willingness to cooperate with the Sami in the development of the Sami language and culture.
A majority of children remain ignorant of their traditional languages, customs and beliefs, and have had no formal or informal teaching which may give them a base of knowledge from which to work from.
Antiquated materials, ineffective or inaccessible resources, and old teaching methods are often used to teach the language; there is no efforts towards the transmission of the language to future generations nor is there an active effort to preserve written language for scholarly use or to build opportunities to learn Kildin Sámi at higher levels.
Although authorities and some government officials express a desire and willingness to resuscitate and revitalize the language, the community is not using that to their advantage, either because they do not know how to do so or who to reach out to.
There is no collaboration or team effort from language activists, language experts and language users and no coordinated or organized process to make learning the Kildin Sámi language a reality for more people.
The alphabet has three variants with some minor differences in certain letters, mostly in Ҋ vs. Ј and ’ (apostrophe) vs. Һ.
Note that the letters Ӓ, Ҋ/Ј, Һ/’ (apostrophe), Ӆ, Ӎ, Ӊ, Ӈ, Ҏ, Ъ, Ь, Ҍ and Ӭ do not occur word initially, either because the letters mark features of preceding consonants or the sounds they represent do not occur word initially.
Similar to Russian, palatalization of a consonant in Kildin Sámi is marked by the letter Ь or one of the vowel letters Е, Ё, И, Ю, and Я following the consonant.
Note also that the consonant letter Н before Ь or one of the vowel letters Е, Ё, И, Ю, and Я does not represent palatalization but the palatal nasal .
The party was created by Attorney-General Edward Patrick Morris in 1907, when he split from the ruling Liberal Party to found his own political vehicle.
The party tied with the Liberals in the 1908 election but, when no party was able to form a government, new elections were held which the People's Party won with 26 seats to 10 for the Liberals.
Morris and the People's Party were re-elected in the 1913 election, winning 16 seats compared to 7 for the Liberals and 8 for the Fishermen's Protective Union led by William Coaker.
In 1917, a wartime crisis over conscription resulted in Morris inviting the opposition parties to join in a National Government, which ruled for two years.
Cashin's government was defeated in the 1919 election by Richard Squires and his Liberal Reform Party (a merger between the Liberals and the FPU).
Some members of that party joined Albert Hickman's new Liberal-Progressive Party, and others joined with Tories to form the Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party.
Although not a sectarian party, the People's Party and its immediate successor had their support concentrated among Catholic voters, particularly on the south coast of the island.
The latter is equipped with two 100 Mbit Ethernet NICs (nV and 3Com 3C905) and the impressive NVAPU (SoundStorm) with hardware accelerated 3D audio and real-time 5.1-channel Dolby Digital encoding whereas the first features one 100 Mbit NIC and an AC'97 audio controller.
Unfortunately, the external codec and unavoidably noisy motherboard circuitry (EMI/RFI) were detrimental to audio quality on even the MCP-T equipped boards, and as a result the nForce audio solutions were never of high fidelity unless the S/PDIF output (TOSLINK or coaxial) was used.
It was also important not to divert bandwidth, by sharing memory bandwidth with the most powerful IGP produced for Socket A, from the rest of the system.
The Athlon's EV6 system bus was incapable of saturating the second channel, as this bus between the CPU and the north bridge was limited to the Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, and early Sempron design to use a single 64 bit DDR channel.
As a result, the second 64bit memory channel between the north bridge and the memory was almost exclusively available for the GPU.
In dual-channel configurations of the nForce2 without IGP, the Athlon XP only showed gains of 5% at most in memory bandwidth intensive applications.
Comparatively, in dual-channel configurations with IGP graphics, performance was demonstrably equivalent to dedicated GeForce 2 MX cards employing 64bit DDR memory or 128bit SDR memory.
As a result, the nForce2 platform was known for its ease in overclocking AMD processors, and was a favorite for years with the overclocking community.
It was also known that the chipset gave best performance with FSB and memory running synchronized, asynchronous operation delivered an unusual high performance loss.
The nForce2 Ultra 400 and nForce2 400 represented official support for a 200 MHz FSB and PC-3200 DDR SDRAM, whereas the older nForce2 had only supported a maximum of 166 MHz FSB.
Both performed very similarly because neither had the IGP and again Athlon XP did not benefit significantly from the added bandwidth because the Athlon XP's bus was only capable of bandwidth matching a single channel of PC-3200.
The new chipset again was partnered with several different southbridges, including one with (MCP-T) and one without (MCP) SoundStorm and dual Ethernet NICs.
The SoundStorm audio system was one of the first consumer computer audio products to offer real time Dolby Digital 5.1 encoding.
This meant that one could play games or music and output them as a 5.1 stream digitally to an external decoding speaker system.
This solves a common problem with most digital sound solutions of having to hook up both digital and analog connections at the same time so you can have surround sound in both games (using the analog connections) and movies (using the digital connection).
Only recently has Dolby Digital live allowed competitors such as Creative's x-fi line up to offer real time DD 5.1 encoding.
Some see the passing of SoundStorm as a classic example of the bottom dollar approach to building computers sweeping the PC industry, with component quality being gradually eroded, in favor of pricing considerations.
Many computer owners also had their own discrete audio solutions, such as the popular Creative Audigy series, the VIA Envy24, or various Turtle Beach boards, among other high end solutions offering superior analog quality.
SoundStorm/NVAPU's existence was a direct result of Xbox development, with the APU being directly related to the technology used in Microsoft's console.
As the technology aged and consumers and OEMs showed a lack of interest in purchasing the more expensive but higher quality chipsets, Nvidia did not see reason to justify further R&D expenditures.
The language is classified as being seriously endangered as few children learn it, although more and more children are learning it in language nests.
The written history of modern Inari Sami, however, is said to begin with Lauri Arvid Itkonen's translation of the history of the Bible in 1906, although he had already translated some other books into Inari Sami (Martin Luther and John Charles Ryles).
For many years, very little literature was written in Inari Sami, although Sämitigge has funded and published a lot of books, etc., in recent years.
Since 1992, Finland's Sami have had the right to interact with officials in their own language in areas where they have traditionally lived: Enontekiö, Utsjoki, Inari and the northern part of Sodankylä as official policy favors the conservation of the language.
All announcements in Inari, which is the only officially quadrilingual municipality in Finland, must be made in Finnish, North Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami.
Only about 10% of the public servants in the area, however, can serve the Inari Sami-speaking population in Inari Sami, so Finnish is used by the remaining 90%.
They have established a language immersion program in 1997 for 3- to 6-year-old children in a day care in Inari and Ivalo.
Syllables are furthermore divided into feet, usually consisting of two syllables each, and with secondary stress on the first syllable of every foot.
In the other Samic languages the last syllable in word with an odd number of syllables is not assigned to a foot.
Consequently, Inari Sami distinguishes prosodically between words that originally ended in a vowel but have undergone apocope, and words that already ended in a consonant in Proto-Samic.
Consonant gradation in Inari Sami is more complex than that of other Sami languages, because of the effects of the unique stress pattern of Inari Sami.
Like in other Sami languages, there is a distinction between the strong and weak grade, but a second factor is whether the consonants appear in the middle of a foot (FM) or in the juncture between two feet (FJ).
Umlaut is a phenomenon in Inari Sami, whereby the vowel in the second syllable affects the quality of the vowel in the first.
In cases where the second-syllable vowel changes, it is necessary to know which series the vowel of a particular word belongs to.
In Inari Sami, the negative verb conjugates according to mood (indicative, imperative and optative), person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, dual and plural).
The Efficeon processor is Transmeta's second-generation 256-bit VLIW design released 2004 which employs a software engine (Code Morphing Software, aka CMS) to convert code written for x86 processors to the native instruction set of the chip.
Like its predecessor, the Transmeta Crusoe (a 128-bit VLIW architecture), Efficeon stresses computational efficiency, low power consumption, and a low thermal footprint.
Efficeon most closely mirrors the feature set of Intel Pentium 4 processors, although, like AMD Opteron processors, it supports a fully integrated memory controller, a HyperTransport IO bus, and the NX bit, or no-execute x86 extension to PAE mode.
Efficeon's computational performance relative to mobile CPUs like the Intel Pentium M is thought to be lower, although little appears to be published about the relative performance of these competing processors.
Its power consumption is moderate (with some consuming as little as 3 watts at 1 GHz and 7 watts at 1.5 GHz), so it can be passively cooled.
The second generation (TM8800 and TM8820) was manufactured using a Fujitsu 90 nm process and produced at speeds ranging from 1 GHz to 1.7 GHz.
Internally, the Efficeon has two arithmetic logic units, two load/store/add units, two execute units, two floating-point/MMX/SSE/SSE2 units, one branch prediction unit, one alias unit, and one control unit.
The VLIW core can execute a 256-bit VLIW instruction per cycle, which is called a molecule and has room to store eight 32-bit instructions (called atoms) per cycle.
The Efficeon has a 128 KB L1 instruction cache, a 64 KB L1 data cache and a 1 MB L2 cache.
Additionally the Efficeon CMS (code morphing software) reserves a small portion of main memory (typically 32 MB) for its translation cache of dynamically translated x86 instructions.
The society maintains its current level of about 500 Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature: generally 14 new fellows are elected annually, who are accorded the privilege of using the post-nominal letters FRSL.
Past fellows include Samuel Taylor Coleridge, J. R. R. Tolkien, W. B. Yeats, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Arthur Koestler, Chinua Achebe, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Robert Ardrey, Sybille Bedford, Muriel Spark, P. J. Kavanagh, and Sir Roger Scruton.
Present Fellows include Margaret Atwood, David Hare, Kazuo Ishiguro, Hilary Mantel, Paul Muldoon, Zadie Smith, Nadeem Aslam, Sarah Waters, Geoffrey Ashe and J. K. Rowling.
A newly created fellow inscribes his or her name on the society's official roll using either Byron's pen, T. S. Eliot's fountain pen, which replaced Dickens's quill in 2013, or (as of 2018) George Eliot's pen.
The Council of the Royal Society of Literature is central to the election of new fellows, and directs the RSL's activities through its monthly meetings.
To be nominated for fellowship, a writer must have published two works of literary merit, and nominations must be seconded by an RSL fellow.
All nominations are presented to members of the Council of the Royal Society of Literature, who vote biannually to elect new fellows.
Nominated candidates who have not been successful are reconsidered at every election for three years from the year in which they were proposed.
While the President reads a citation for each, they are invited to sign their names in the roll book which dates back to 1820, using either T. S. Eliot's fountain pen or Byron's pen.
In 2013, Charles Dickens's quill was retired and replaced with Eliot's fountain pen, and in 2018 George Eliot's pen was offered as a choice, the first time in the RSL's history that a pen that belonged to a woman writer was an option.
Anthony Wood said he changed his name after an extended visit to Italy, and though he is documented as having visited the Low Countries in 1603, evidence confirming his presence in Italy has not been found.
From 1622 he served and may have taught the Prince of Wales, for whom he continued to work upon his succession as Charles I.
According to Ernst Meyer, Coprario was a Londoner who Italianized his name as Italian music and musicians became more fashionable, and spent much of his life as a musician in the royal court.
Ninety-six fantasias in between three and six voices, most of them in two Oxford and Royal College of Music collections, were known to exist by Coprario (as of 1946).
Meyer also notes that most of Coprario's five- and six-part fantasias are mainly transcriptions, or imitations, of his madrigals, but that his fantasias for three or four instrumental parts are, formally especially, independently interesting.
The Erzya language (, ), or Erzian, is spoken by about 37,000 people in the northern, eastern and north-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia.
In addition, all suffixes with mid vowels have two forms: the form to be used is determined by the final syllable of the stem.
Number is systematically distinguished only with definite nouns; for indefinite nouns and nouns with a possessive suffix, only nominative case has a distinct plural.
The pre-1929 version of the Erzya alphabet included the additional letter Cyrillic ligature En Ge (Ҥ ҥ) in some publications, (cf.
The Hummingbirds were an Australian indie pop and jangle pop band from Sydney, who formed in 1986 from Bug Eyed Monsters.
They were one of the most highly regarded outfits to emerge from Sydney's inner-city scene during the late 1980s and were an early signing to the rooArt label.
Band members originally comprised singer and guitarist Simon Holmes, bassist John Boyce and drummer Mark Temple, after a few months of initial rehearsals as a three-piece, vocalist and guitarist Alannah Russack signed on.
They were one of Australia's most promising acts in the late 1980s and early 1990s, along with other up-and-comers like Ratcat, Clouds, Tall Tales and True and The Falling Joys.
In December 1989, Nic Dalton (The Plunderers) filled in on bass guitar as St. Clare, the regular bassist, took leave due to illness.
Dalton left to join US alternative rock band The Lemonheads, The Hummingbirds had played support to The Lemonheads 1991 tour of Australia.
They played their final show on 11 December 1993, at the Central Club Hotel in (Richmond) Melbourne, featuring Holmes, Russack, St. Clare and Melder.
After 17 years, the band reformed for a reunion on 27 January 2011, for the Big Day Out festival in Sydney.
Along with The Falling Joys, the band reunited to play two shows on the 2nd and 3rd (matinee show) of July 2016 at the Newtown Social Club in Sydney (previously known as the Sandringham Hotel, Newtown).
As part of the tribute night a limited edition, self-titled vinyl LP was released, combining all of the tracks from the band's last two EP's 'Gone' and 'Tail', which were originally released only on CD in 1993.
To get to Röstånga by public transport, one can take a local train to Stehag, then bus (directions Klippan, Skäralid and Ljungbyhed).
Born Solomon Hoʻopiʻi Kaʻaiʻai, in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1902, into a large family, his birth making him the 21st child in the family.
As was the norm in Hawaiian families, Sol's family taught him to sing and play instruments by the time he could walk.
They were discovered by passengers who were so charmed by their musical performances that the other passengers took up a collection to pay their fares.
They landed in San Francisco, played a few club engagements, and eventually made their way to Los Angeles at the behest of Hoot Gibson to play in his country music band.
By 1924, Hoʻopiʻi had moved to Los Angeles, where he formed the Sol Hoʻopiʻi Trio, with Glenwood Leslie and Lani McIntyre, including sometimes additional musicians, and he successfully performed in the local and then very popular Polynesian-themed night venues.
Originally favouring the acoustic lap steel guitar, he switched to electric lap steel only around 1935 and developed an original tuning, in addition to the open A or open G tunings commonly in use at the time.
His peculiar rhythmic, harmonic and melodic techniques influenced not only Hawaiian-styled musicians but also famed country and western swing steel guitarists, like Joaquin Murphy and Jerry Byrd.
In 1938, Hoʻopiʻi gave up his secular career to join the evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson, writing and performing songs for her tours.
A rare video exists of Hoʻopiʻi playing traditional hymns on his lap steel guitar, accompanied by Christian composer Phillip Stanley Kerr on the piano.
Hoʻopiʻi himself does not make that claim on camera and Kerr may have been saying that Hoʻopiʻi designed or made that particular guitar in his possession.
The electric lap steel guitar, in fact, was not invented by Hoʻopiʻi, but he was acquainted with its inventor, George Beauchamp, in Los Angeles.
Beauchamp was a steel player who collaborated with violin repairman John Dopyera to attempt to build a steel guitar that was louder.
Dopyera and Beauchamp developed a non-electric guitar prototype with a metal resonator, a large metal cone placed under the guitar bridge.
To promote their invention, they organized a lavish party hosted by millionaire Ted Kleinmeyer and asked Sol Hoʻopiʻi to demonstrate the instrument.
Years later, after splitting with Dopyera, Beauchamp independently invented the first electric guitar (a lap steel), and received the patent on August 10, 1937.
Bud Tutmarc, a Christian Hawaiian steel guitar player based in Seattle, was a close personal friend of Sol's and stated that Sol died in Seattle.
Tutmarc died December 4, 2006, and his web site photo page has a snapshot of Sol and Bud having what looks like a one-on-one jam session.
Steel guitarist George de Fretes, who died in 1981, considered Hoʻopiʻi to be his idol, and is buried next to him.
NYNEX Corporation was an American telephone company that served five New England states (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont) as well as most of New York state from January 1, 1984 to August 14, 1997.
Formed on January 1, 1984, as a result of the breakup of the Bell System, NYNEX was a regional Bell operating company made up of former AT&T subsidiaries New York Telephone and New England Telephone.
NYNEX merged with Bell Atlantic on August 14, 1997, in what was, at the time, the second largest merger in American corporate history.
Although Bell Atlantic was the surviving company, the merged company moved from Bell Atlantic's headquarters in Philadelphia to NYNEX headquarters in New York City.
NYNEX also operated cable television and telephone services in the United Kingdom, with offices in Waterlooville (Hampshire), Baguley (Manchester), Shoreham-by-Sea (West Sussex), Leatherhead (Surrey) and Antrim (Northern Ireland).
During its era, long term issues regarding corrupt and faulty business practices, phones frequently breaking down, and missed repair appointments were reported.
Many NYNEX customers have witnessed filing countless complaints to the company, only to find out that none of them were being responded to.
To numerous NYNEX customers, this was not an issue that happened only a few times, but rather, on a regular basis.
In June 1995, the state of New York first proposed a turnaround plan that was meant to help NYNEX improve its customer service, but it was suddenly believed that it would not help NYNEX improve its poor service record, and that the rate reductions proposed by the plan would be too inconsistent.
A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
To become fully automatic, a loom needs a filling stop motion which will brake the loom, if the weft thread breaks.
Weavers are expected to uphold high industry standards and are tasked with monitoring anywhere from ten, to as many as thirty separate looms at any one time.
During their operating shift, weavers will first utilize a wax pencil or crayon to sign their initials onto the cloth to mark a shift change, and then walk along the cloth side (front) of the looms they tend, gently touching the fabric as it comes from the reed.
Should broken picks be detected, the weaver will disable the machine and undertake to correct the error, typically by replacing the bobbin of filler thread in as little time as possible.
They are trained that, ideally, no machine should stop working for more than one minute, with faster turn around times being preferred.
Once the weaver has made their circuit of the front of the machines, they will then circle around to the back.
These tells, located over a special metal circuit, are held up by the tension of the thread coming from the warp.
However, it is possible for them to become stuck in the upward position, and by doing so create problems in the weaving.
By gently touching the tells, then, it is possible for the weaver to find tells which have become stuck in the up position, and correct the error.
As with pick breaks, the weavers are trained to keep the machines running as much as possible; with speedy knot tying and correction being stressed.
In this situation, they are expected to take less than a minute, with the mean ideal being ten to thirty seconds, to correct a break.
The weaver also watches for warps that are about to run out, or problems in the warp itself which were not detected in the slashing process.
Typically, weavers can expect to make several dozen circuits of their machines a night, with most of their time spent ensuring the quality of the cloth and the company standards of production.
The first ideas for an automatic loom were developed in 1678 by M. de Gennes in Paris and by Vaucanson in 1745, but these designs were never developed and were forgotten.
In 1785 Edmund Cartwright patented a power loom which used water power to speed up the weaving process, the predecessor to the modern power loom.
His ideas were licensed first by Grimshaw of Manchester who built a small steam-powered weaving factory in Manchester in 1790, but the factory burnt down.
The Cartwight loom weaver could work one loom at 120-130 picks per minute- with a Kenworthy and Bullough's Lancashire Loom, a weaver can run four or more looms working at 220-260 picks per minute- thus giving eight (or more) times more throughput.
Manchester had been a centre for Fustians by 1620 and acted as a hub for other Lancashire towns, so developing a communication network with them.
It was an established point of export using the meandering River Mersey, and by 1800 it had a thriving canal network, with links to the Ashton Canal, Rochdale Canal the Peak Forest Canal and Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal.
The fustian trade gave the towns a skilled workforce that was used to the complicated Dutch looms, and was perhaps accustomed to industrial discipline.
The business was dominated by a few families, who had the capital needed to invest in new mills and to buy hundreds of looms.
Spinning developed first and, until 1830, the handloom was still more important economically than the power loom when the roles reversed.
Because of the economic growth of Manchester, a new industry of precision machine tool engineering was born and here were the skills needed to build the precision mechanisms of a loom.
This was provided by the purchase of the Stafford Loom Co. in 1932, and using their patents a third loom the XD, was added to the range.
Originally, power looms used a shuttle to throw the weft across, but in 1927 the faster and more efficient shuttleless loom came into use.
Sulzer Brothers, a Swiss company had the exclusive rights to shuttleless looms in 1942, and licensed the American production to Warner & Swasey.
In the longer term, by making cloth more affordable the power loom increased demand and stimulated exports, causing a growth in industrial employment, albeit low-paid.
However, there are a number of inherent dangers in the machines, to which inattentive or poorly trained weavers can fall victim.
The most common injury in weaving is pinched fingers from distracted or bored workers, though this is not the only such injury found.
There are numerous accounts of weavers with long hair getting it tangled in the warp itself and having their scalp pulled away from the skull, or large chunks of hair pulled off.
As a result of this, it has become industry standard for companies to require weavers to either keep hair up and tied, or to keep their hair short so as not to allow it to become tangled.
Because of this, it is nearly impossible to hear a person calling for help when entangled, and has led OSHA to outline specific guidelines for companies to mitigate the chance of such circumstances from happening.
The Heartbreakers, also known as Johnny Thunders and the Heartbreakers to distinguish them from Tom Petty's band, were an American punk rock band, formed in New York City in May, 1975.
In May 1975, Johnny Thunders (vocals/guitar) and Jerry Nolan (drums) quit the New York Dolls, the same week that Richard Hell (vocals/bass) left Television.
In early 1976, Thunders walked out on the lineup, due to Hell's attempts to impose his will on the band and on their performances, and Lure and Nolan followed, so in effect the band left Hell.
Hell then went on to form his own band, with his name prominent in the band name: Richard Hell and the Voidoids.
The Sex Pistols invited the band to open for them on the ill-fated Anarchy Tour (the Sex Pistols at this time were managed by Malcolm McLaren, who had previously managed The New York Dolls).
Arriving for the tour just as the UK punk scene was building momentum, the Heartbreakers developed a following in and around London.
The release of the album created conflict within the band, due to the poor quality of the recording and difficulty in the mastering process, the blame for which rests with producer Speedy Keen.
Jerry Nolan left the band in the fall of 1978 because he did not like the mix of the album (Nolan had had a go at re-mixing the album himself, but was not satisfied with the results).
The band reformed in 1979 for a few farewell shows at Max's Kansas City with drummer Ty Styx sitting in for Nolan.
While Thunders' death may have been drug-related, there is some controversy surrounding the facts of his death as the level of methodone in Thunders' body may not have constituted a fatal dose.
The last time the Heartbreakers played was at the Johnny Thunders Memorial Concert, with Walter Lure, Jerry Nolan, Tony Coiro and Joey Pinter, the latter playing in place of Thunders.
In 2007, Lure teamed up with Belgian punk rocker Dee Jaywalker and went on a short European tour which resulted in a live album, released on Nicotine Records.
Billy Rath disappeared from the music scene after leaving the Heartbreakers in the mid-1980s, and he undertook a period of rehabilitation to recover from the effects of sustained abuse of drugs and alcohol.
After being persuaded to attend the Max's Kansas City reunion gig in September 2010, Rath went on to form a band, The Street Pirates, with Joey Kelly on lead vocals (Buddy Love / Joey Kelly Allstars / Magic Tramps), Johnny Rao on guitar (David Johansen, Sylvain Sylvain & Helen Schneider), Joy Ryder on background vocals (Avis Davis) and Bill Tello on drums (Hudson Dusters).
Drummer Sesu Coleman (The Magic Tramps / Alan Vega) was Rath's first choice for the Street Pirates however Frankie Dell (Dead Cowboys / Trash Mavericks) was called in last minute to quickly replace Bill Tello on drums.
After a few gigs in the New York City area with the current line up, Rath then moved up north to Massachusetts and formed a totally different band.
Cartwright was taught at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield, University College, Oxford, and for an MA degree at Magdalen College, Oxford, (awarded 1766) where he was received a demyship and was elected a Fellow of the College.
For a mechanically driven loom to become a commercial success, either one person would have to attend one machine, or each machine must have a greater productive capacity than one manually controlled.
Cartwright added parts to his loom, namely a positive let-off motion, warp and weft stop motions, and sizing the warp while the loom was in action.
He attempted to remedy these in a number of ways: by introducing a crank and eccentric wheels to actuate its batten differentially, by improving the dicking mechanism, by means of a device for stopping the loom when a shuttle failed to enter a shuttle box, by preventing a shuttle from rebounding when in a box, and by stretching the cloth with temples that acted automatically.
In 1792, Dr Cartwright obtained his last patent for weaving machinery; this provided his loom with multiple shuttle boxes for weaving checks and cross stripes.
However all his efforts were unavailing; it became apparent that no mechanism, however perfect, could succeed so long as warps continued to be sized while a loom was stationary.
These problems were resolved in 1803, by William Radcliffe and his assistant Thomas Johnson, by their inventions of the beam warper, and the dressing sizing machine.
In 1790 Robert Grimshaw of Gorton, Manchester erected a weaving factory at Knott Mill which he intended to fill with 500 of Cartwright's power looms, but with only 30 in place the factory was burnt down, probably as an act of arson inspired by the fears of hand loom weavers.
Following the award of the parliamentary grant, Cartwright purchased a small farm in Kent, where he spent the rest of his life.
He tried to woo her by singing to her in spring as a bluebird, in summer as a blackbird and in autumn as a hawk, who then tried to take Gendenwitha with him to the sky.
Dawn tied him to her doorpost and then changed Gendenwitha into the Morning Star, so he could watch her all night but never be with her.
In 1989, she moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana in the United States at the age of fifteen with her mother and brother Eric Junior when her father was offered a job as pastor of McKee Street Church of God with headquarters in Anderson, Indiana.
Heather joined the Andrea Bocelli UK Tour playing Glasgow Hydro on November 23 and at the Leeds First Direct Arena on November 24, 2013.
The work on this album earned her a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best New Artist making her the first Tony Award winner to be nominated for this award.
Sister Hazel is an American alternative rock band from Gainesville, Florida, whose style blends elements of jangle pop, folk rock, classic rock and southern rock.
Sister Hazel formed in Gainesville, Florida in 1993 and was named for Sister Hazel Williams, a local missionary who ran a homeless shelter.
The band worked with producers Mike Clink (Guns N' Roses, Mötley Crüe, Heart), Richie Zito (Cheap Trick), and Paul Ebersold (3 Doors Down).
The record features sixteen tracks, including the band's hits, fan favorites, and live concert staples, all in a stripped-down, acoustic format.
The album was recorded on January 12 at Nickel & Dime Studios in Atlanta (other bands who have recorded there in the past include Indigo Girls, The B-52's, Shawn Mullins) in front of 100 lucky fans who were chosen at random from more than five thousand entries.
At the July 18, 2008 concert at Wolf Trap Farm Park, drummer Mark Trojanowski took paternity leave for his newborn child.
On July 9, 2009 Ford Motor Company announced a collaboration with Sister Hazel to promote the company's new Sync Technology, which is available on a number of Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury vehicles.
Each of the EPs in the series included a portion of a song at the end, intended to be linked together in a future release.
While some of the band members feel like their sounds are simply Sister Hazel, Ryan Newell has cited Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jimmy Page, Van Halen, and Eric Clapton as his influences.
Lyrics for Life is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization whose mission is to make a difference in the fight against pediatric cancer.
Sister Hazel frontman, Ken Block, and his band mates founded Lyrics For Life in memory of Ken’s younger brother, Jeffrey, who ultimately lost his four-year battle with cancer that started at age 14.
The monies raised are donated to groups that are working to find a cure, as well as those aiming to enrich the lives of patients and their families.
Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture.
Since the eighteenth century, gold medals have been awarded in the arts, for example, by the Royal Danish Academy, usually as a symbol of an award to give an outstanding student some financial freedom.
While some gold medals are solid gold, others are gold-plated or silver-gilt, like those of the Olympic Games, the Lorentz Medal, the United States Congressional Gold Medal and the Nobel Prize medal.
Before the establishment of standard military awards, e.g., the Medal of Honor, it was common practice to have a medal specially created to provide national recognition for a significant military or naval victory or accomplishment.
These metals designate the first three Ages of Man in Greek mythology: the Golden Age, when men lived among the gods, the Silver Age, where youth lasted a hundred years, and the Bronze Age, the era of heroes.
The custom of awarding the sequence of gold, silver, and bronze medals for the first three highest achievers dates from at least the 19th century, with the National Association of Amateur Athletes in the United States awarding such medals as early as 1884.
At the 1896 event, silver was awarded to winners and bronze to runners-up, while at 1900 other prizes were given, not medals.
At the Ancient Olympic Games only one winner per event was crowned with kotinos, an olive wreath made of wild olive leaves from a sacred tree near the temple of Zeus at Olympia.
The use of gold rapidly declined with the onset of the First World War and also with the onset of the Second World War.
The last series of Olympic medals to be made of solid gold were awarded at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden.
Olympic Gold medals are required to be made from at least 92.5% silver, and must contain a minimum of 6 grams of gold.
From 1928 through 1968 the design was always the same: the obverse showed a generic design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli of Greek goddess Nike with Rome's Colloseum in the background and text naming the host city; the reverse showed another generic design of Nike saluting an Olympic champion.
From the 1972 Summer Olympics through 2000, Cassioli's design (or a slight modification) remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse.
Noting that Cassioli's design showed a Roman amphitheater for what originally were Greek games, a new obverse design was commissioned for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
For the 2008 Beijing Olympics medals had a diameter of 70mm and were 6mm thick, with the front displaying a winged figure of victory and the back showed a Beijing Olympics symbol surrounded by an inset jade circle.
The award of a gold medal, often coupled with the award of silver and bronze medals to the next place finishers, has been adopted in other sports competitions and in other competitive fields, such as music and writing, as well as some competitive games.
Typically bronze medals are awarded only to third place, but in some contests there is some variety, such as International barbershop music contests where bronze medals are awarded for third, fourth, and fifth place.
Parchive (a portmanteau of parity archive, and formally known as Parity Volume Set Specification) is an erasure code system that produces par files for checksum verification of data integrity, with the capability to perform data recovery operations that can repair or regenerate corrupted or missing data.
Parchive was originally written to solve the problem of reliable file sharing on Usenet, but it is now commonly used for protecting any kind of data from data corruption, disc rot, bit rot, and accidental or malicious damage.
As of 2014, PAR1 is obsolete, PAR2 is mature for widespread use, and PAR3 is an experimental version being developed by MultiPar author Yutaka Sawada.
Another limitation, which was acceptable for conversations but not for files, was that messages were normally fairly short in length and limited to 7-bit ASCII text.
If any of the data files were damaged or lost while being propagated between Usenet servers, users could download parity files and use them to reconstruct the damaged or missing files.
Parchive included the construction of small index files (*.par in version 1 and *.par2 in version 2) that do not contain any recovery data.
Because the index files were so small, they minimized the amount of extra data that had to be downloaded from Usenet to verify that the data files were all present and undamaged, or to determine how many parity volumes were required to repair any damage or reconstruct any missing files.
These larger parity volumes contain the actual recovery data along with a duplicate copy of the information in the index files (which allows them to be used on their own to verify the integrity of the data files if there is no small index file available).
In July 2001, Tobias Rieper and Stefan Wehlus proposed the Parity Volume Set specification, and with the assistance of other project members, version 1.0 of the specification was published in October 2001.
In January 2002, Howard Fukada proposed that a new Par2 specification should be devised with the significant changes that data verification and repair should work on blocks of data rather than whole files, and that the algorithm should switch to using 16 bit numbers rather than the 8 bit numbers that PAR1 used.
Michael Nahas and Peter Clements took up these ideas in July 2002, with additional input from Paul Nettle and Ryan Gallagher (who both wrote Par1 clients).
Input files are split into multiple equal-sized blocks so that recovery files do not need to be the size of the largest input file.
Established by the Parliament of Canada on 5 July 1935, its operation was governed by the Canadian Wheat Board Act as a mandatory producer marketing system for wheat and barley in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and a small part of British Columbia.
It was illegal for any farmer in areas under the CWB's jurisdiction to sell their wheat and barley through any other channel than the CWB.
It was a marketing agency acting on behalf of Western Canadian farmers, passing all profits from its operation back to farmers.
Amid criticism, the Canadian Wheat Board's Single Desk marketing power officially ended on 1 August 2012 as a result of Bill C-18, also known as the Marketing Freedom for Grain Farmers Act, which was tabled by the Harper government and passed in December 2011.
CWB continued to operate as a grain company, although the bill also set a timeline for the eventual privatization of CWB.
On 15 April 2015, it was announced that a 50.1% majority stake in CWB would be acquired by Global Grain Group, a joint venture of Bunge Limited and the Saudi Agricultural and Livestock Investment Company, for $250 million.
By the early 20th century in Western Canada, grain purchasing, transportation and marketing were dominated by large companies headquartered outside the region, such as the Canadian Pacific Railway and the trading companies which dominated the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.
The government created a series of boards in and around the war, each with progressively more power to control the grain trade.
), but by 1915 the government had seized control of all wheat exports to help the war effort, and by 1917 futures trading on the Winnipeg Exchange was banned.
In 1917, the new Board of Grain Supervisors was given monopoly powers over wheat, and fixed uniform prices across the country.
Farmers were worried that after the war, prices would crash and various agrarian groups lobbied Ottawa to keep the Board in place.
Farmers got a guaranteed price for that crop, paid immediately, and later a further payment once the Board had completed the year's sales.
This system of guaranteed prices and distributed income was extremely popular and when the Board dissolved in 1920, many farmers were livid.
The Alberta Wheat Pool, the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, and Manitoba Pool Elevators quickly became giants in the industry and displaced the private traders.
However they did not hedge against falling prices (instead relying on provincial government guarantees), and during the price collapse of 1929, they effectively went bankrupt.
The majority of farmers did not want the private traders to return, and now it also seemed impossible for them to own their own marketing companies, so the idea of a government marketing board was revived.
The Canadian Wheat Board was re-created in 1935 with the aim of controlling grain prices, so as to benefit farmers devastated by the Great Depression.
During the Second World War, the authority of the Board was expanded, and the Board was given the authority to set statutory maximums on wheat, oats, barley, flax, and corn between December, 1941 until expiry after the war.
Membership was made compulsory for Western Canadian farmers in 1943 via the War Measures Act, now with the purpose of aiding the war effort.
Between 1958 and 1970 the CWB was chaired by William Craig McNamara, and he managed to perennialise the CWB in 1965, which was until then subject to amendments by Parliament when they periodically extended the Board's duration.
CWB control over interprovincial shipments of feed grains became a public issue during the grains crisis in 1969 to 1972 and was removed.
As a united voice for wheat farmers, the CWB conducted market research which showed that international markets did not want GM wheat and would reject wheat exports from Canada if GM wheat was approved, because of the risk of contamination.
Upon delivery to an elevator, farmers received an initial payment for their grain from the CWB that represented a percentage of the expected return for that grade from the pool account.
After the end of the crop year, July 31, an interim payment and a final payment were paid to farmers, in addition to their initial payment, and so they would have received 100% of the return from the sale of the grain they delivered, less all overhead costs of the CWB.
The initial payments were guaranteed by the Government of Canada so that farmers received payment even if there was a deficit in the pool account.
Initial payments were set below expectations for the crop year, a risk factor that was built in to guard against the event that price expectations are not met.
Upon the implementation of Bill C-18, the original elected board was removed and was replaced by four directors, appointed by the Governor in Council on the recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture, as well as the president, appointed by the Governor in Council on the recommendation of the Minister.
Until 15 December 2011, compliance with the wheat board for most farmers and elevators was mandatory under threat of punishable by fines and/or imprisonment.
Farmers from Eastern Canada and most of British Columbia were not controlled by the Canadian Wheat Board and were able to market all their grain on the open market.
Unlike the United States, Canada had a tight grading system established by the Canadian Grain Commission and enforced by the CWB.
Ian Robson, whose great-grandfather helped start the co-operative pool system, argued that a multi-generational small farmer like himself depended on the CWB to balance the power of the railway.
Before the CWB was sold by the federal government to foreign investors in 2014, the CWB owned 3,375 CWB railway cars.
At a time when grain farmers are competing with crude oil producers for rail cars, they are not succeeding in getting the rail cars they need.
In 2006 the four top grain handling companies in Western Canada— Agricore United, Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, Pioneer Grain, and Cargill held nearly 50% of the primary storage capacity.
CWB obtained market power by selecting the best bid as one seller as opposed to a large number of sellers (namely farmers) attempting to negotiate the best price.
Others believe that they could get a better price for their grain than the board itself and would like to market their own grain.
For many Western Canadian farmers, the argument over the CWB Single Desk was about personal freedom - the freedom to market their production of crops in the manner they choose.
The Single Desk control of price and the ability of farmers to deliver wheat and barley created an interest in other crops, causing a surge in acres of canola and pulse crops - crops with no delivery or price controls.
Now, with equal delivery opportunity, relative prices are the driving force in making cropping decisions, leading to an appropriate mix of crops based on relative global demand.
This was presented as a compromise where board supporters could continue to sell their wheat and barley through the board and board opponents could have the option to sell outside the board.
From the standpoint of supporters of the board, however, this was not a viable alternative as a dual market would effectively end the board's Single Desk power and any perceived benefits that it may have given farmers.
Opponents argue that because the perceived benefits farmers received from the CWB increases their land value, elimination of the CWB Single Desk would lower the value of their land.
Lower land prices would make Canadian farmers more competitive but could also leave many owing more than the value of their reduced land.
Retiring farmers selling their land could be faced with a much reduced retirement fund but new entrants into farming would be able to purchase land at lower cost.
Some CWB opponents have argued that much of the lower quality land is in close proximity to the US border and would be the first to realize the benefits of the US market.
In a September 2011 plebiscite (referendum) conducted by Meyers Norris Penny, 62% of CWB farmers voted that they wanted to keep the wheat board and its Single Desk power.
Proponents of maintaining the CWB stated that the collective bargaining power of the wheat board gives farmers a better price than they would have if they were individually marketing to large multi-national corporations.
At this time, farmers already had the ability to market all the crops save wheat and malt barley independently, meaning it is possible to succeed marketing grain without board oversight.
This, however, may make farmers more susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity market and to focus more of their time on the business aspect of farming, rather than farming.
The Wheat Board attempted to offer producers more options in its latter years - for example, farmers could sell their wheat with binding forward contracts to the Wheat Board that attempted to pay the same price that they would get for their grain in the U.S.
Supporters of the board and labour unions believed the CWB gave individual farmers increased marketing power in a world market which got them a higher price than they would have otherwise gotten, not only through the efficiencies of scale, but as well by exercising oligopolistic marketing power on the selling side, especially for Durum wheat, although the evidence of this is weak or non-existent.
A study conducted in the mid 1990s suggested that farmers gained on average a premium of $13.35 a tonne on wheat as a result of the board's Single Desk, although the study and its methodology was widely refuted.
Supporters of the Single Desk feared that an end to the board would put farmers in a situation like in the early part of the 20th century where farmers effectively competed with each other to sell their grain, effectively putting them at the mercy of big agribusiness and the railroad monopolies, believing that would reduce farm incomes.
Although the Board was reformed to meet free market conditions under the North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization Treaty, American producers continually complained.
Despite numerous challenges and much posturing by the United States, the World Trade Organization ruled in 2003 that the Wheat Board was a producer marketing body and not a system for government subsidy although the decision has since been overturned.
The attacks on the Wheat Board were, at the time, one of the major irritants in bilateral relations between Canada and the United States.
The fact that the Wheat Board primarily marketed crops produced in Western Canada became a source of alienation and even Alberta separatism for many Western Canadian farmers.
Farmers in Eastern Canada (east of Manitoba) and most of British Columbia (non-Peace River) were exempt from the CWB's Single Desk control of non-feed wheat and barley - Ontario has its own marketing board, but it is not compulsory.
While many were focused on the Canadian Wheat Board, others concentrated on international wheat boards, the other primary target being the Australian Wheat Board, before the AWB itself converted to a private firm, leaving the CWB as the only significant agricultural State Trading Enterprise (STE) exporter worldwide, if one ignores Chinese State-Owned Enterprises (SOE).
On 7 December 2008, CWB permit book holders voted in favour of maintaining the wheat board by electing four pro-board candidates with one marketing choice candidate being elected.
Others argued that the voter's list was flawed, as it included many small or part-time producers who may not deliver to the Board, as well as non-producers such as landowners whose livelihood might not solely rely on farming.
In December 2008, the draft modalities text of the Doha Development Round was revised such that upon signing in its revised form, the CWB would lose statutory privileges such as the Single Desk within 5 years of the signing.
One of the aims of the Conservative government since coming to power in January 2006 was to end the Single Desk marketing power on Western Canadian wheat and barley.
The Conservatives had been unable to get this change approved by Parliament because they held a minority of seats until the May 2011 federal election and all opposition parties supported the Single Desk.
In the aftermath, Harper and then Minister of Agriculture Chuck Strahl stated their intent to continue with the removal of the traditional role of the CWB, particularly in regards to barley (which is generally a more corporate crop), perhaps through Parliamentary action.
After winning a majority in the May 2011 general election, the Conservative government announced its intention to remove the CWB Single Desk through legislation.
The results were released on September 12, 2011; 51 percent of barley growers and 62 percent of wheat growers voted to maintain the board's Single Desk.
In defending this policy, Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz claimed the CWB plebiscites were seriously flawed and that the Conservatives' election victory gave them a mandate to remove the Single Desk.
According to the CWB, the government advanced the timetables to Christmas 2011, prompting them to launch a protest campaign urging Canadians as well as farmers to speak out against the government's decision to end the Single Desk.
The Marketing Freedom for Grain Farmers Act instituted a timeline for the eventual privatization of CWB, requiring the board to formulate a plan by 2016, to be implemented in 2017.
On April 15, 2015, it was announced that a 50.1% majority stake in CWB would be acquired by Global Grain Group, a joint venture between Bunge Canada—a subsidiary of Bunge Limited, and SALIC Canada—a subsidiary of the Saudi Agricultural and Livestock Investment Company, for $250 million.
On June 12, 2015, the Department of Finance released draft legislation to handle the tax consequence to farmers, and to the Trust which will hold 49.9% of CWB in trust for farmers (proposed section 135.2 of the Income Tax Act).
An explanation of how the legislation works is included in the 48th edition of Carswell's Practitioner's Income Tax Act and Carswell's Taxnet Pro.
He began his singing career in the late 1950s as part of a gospel group called the Spiritual Five, touring Texas.
Most of the songs he recorded for Kent were written or co-written by Hill and arranged by the prominent saxophonist Maxwell Davis.
With his brother's help, Hill then signed with United Artists, where he was aided by arrangements and compositions by established R&B talents including Lamont Dozier and Allen Toussaint, and released several singles that made the R&B chart in the mid 1970s.
Z. Hill left United Artists and signed with Columbia Records, recording two albums with leading arranger-producer, Bert de Coteaux in New York.
He continued performing, but he died two months later, at the age of 48, from a heart attack arising from a blood clot formed after the accident.
Orval Abbey (Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Orval) is a Cistercian monastery founded in 1132 in the Gaume region of Belgium and is located in Villers-devant-Orval, part of Florenville in the province of Luxembourg.
The abbey is well known for its history and spiritual life but also for its local production of the Trappist beer Orval and a specific cheese.
The site has been occupied since the Merovingian period, and there is evidence that there was already a chapel here in the 10th century.
In 1070, a group of Benedictine monks from Calabria settled here, at the invitation of Arnould, Count of Chiny, and began construction of a church and a monastery, but after some forty years, possibly because of the death of Count Arnould, they moved away again.
They were replaced by a community of Canons Regular, who completed the construction work: the abbey church was consecrated on 30 September 1124.
In 1132, a group of Cistercian monks from Trois-Fontaines Abbey in Champagne arrived, and the two groups formed a single community within the Cistercian Order, under the first abbot, Constantin.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the various wars between France and various neighbouring regions (Burgundy, Spain) had an important impact on Orval.
In the 17th century, the abbey converted to the Trappist branch of the Cistercian order, but reverted to the Rule of the main order in around 1785.
In 1793, during the French Revolution, the abbey was completely burnt down by French forces, in retaliation for the hospitality it had provided to Austrian troops, and the community dispersed.
Between 1926 and 1948, under the direction of the Trappist monk Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen, the new monastery was constructed, and in 1935 Orval regained the rank of abbey.
According to this, the widowed Mathilda of Tuscany was visiting the site, when she lost her wedding ring in a spring, to her great distress.
When she prayed for the return of the ring, a trout appeared on the surface of the water with the ring in its mouth.
Canton 10 or Herzeg-Bosnia County (; ; ) is the largest of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by area and eighth by population.
Originally occupied by the Dalmatae, the area of the Herzeg-Bosnia County is annexed in 15 AD by the Roman Empire and forms part of the Roman province of Dalmatia.
In 892 was recorder the first written appearance of the name of Livno which was the seat of one of counties of the Kingdom of Croatia.
The region is attached in the 9th century to the Kingdom of the Croats and later in the 14th century to the Kingdom of Bosnia.
After the death of the king of Bosnia, Tvrtko I in 1391, the power of the Kingdom of Bosnia gradually declines and the region is taken over by the Kingdom of Croatia, the state and associated to the Kingdom of Hungary by a personal union.
Suffering under oppression by the authorities and furious after the Muslim authorities had killed the Catholic spiritual leader of this region, Lovro Karaula, Franciscan priest, the Catholics of Livno rose up against Ottoman rule on July 20, 1875.
The Austro-Hungarian troops met in this region an opposition, both of the Muslim population and the Orthodox population, fighting battles in the vicinity of Livno.
The total area of the County is approximately , a tenth of the surface of Bosnia-Herzegovina and c. 19% of the Federation.
The region is located between Dalmatia to the west, Una-Sana Canton to the north, Central Bosnia Canton to the east and West Herzegovina Canton and Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southeast.
Mountainous terrain of the region is a part of the Dinaric Alps, linked from a fold and thrust belt dating from the late Jurassic period, itself part of the Alpine orogeny, extending southeast from the southern Alps.
The Dinarides form part of a chain of mountains that stretch across southern Europe and isolate Pannonian Basin from the Mediterranean Sea.
Croats overwhelmingly lived in the southeastern part of the canton (Livno, Kupres, Tomislavgrad), while Serbs lived in northwestern (Grahovo, Glamoč, Drvar).
After Croat forces captured Grahovo, Glamoč and Drvar in the summer and fall of 1995, most of the Serb population fled.
Refugee Croats from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (fleeing Serb or Bosniak forces) settled in the abandoned area previously inhabited by the Serbs.
The son of James Dixon Weir, he was born in Hugh Bluff, Manitoba and was educated there and in Portage la Prairie.
Weir worked as an undertaker in Saskatchewan, later returning to Manitoba where he became the owner of his own funeral home in Minnedosa in 1953.
Weir served as chairman of the Minnedosa Hospital Board from 1955 to 1957, and of the Minnedosa Town Council from 1958 to 1959.
He sought the Progressive Conservative nomination for Minnedosa in the buildup to the 1958 provincial election, but lost to Sid Paler.
He later defeated Paler for the party's nomination in the buildup to the 1959 provincial election; there was no lasting animosity between the candidates, and Paler served as Weir's campaign manager in the election that followed.
Weir was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in Dufferin Roblin's landslide victory of 1959, defeating Liberal-Progressive incumbent Charles Shuttleworth in the rural riding of Minnedosa.
Weir was also Minister of Public Works from November 5, 1962 to July 22, 1967 and Minister of Highways from July 1, 1967 to November 27, 1967.
When Roblin moved to federal politics in 1967, Weir defeated Sterling Lyon and two other candidates to become the party's new leader.
Weir was skeptical toward the concept of medicare, and his government did not sign on to the program until 1969, one year after its introduction.
He also opposed the introduction of official bilingualism, and attained national notoriety for his conflict with Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau over this issue.
He called for all provinces to have an equal number of Senators, and for some Senate representatives to be appointed on the recommendation of provincial governments.
This turned out to be a strategic error, particularly after the New Democratic Party selected Edward Schreyer as its leader during the campaign.
Schreyer was a youthful and charismatic figure from the centrist wing of the NDP, and his party was able to win the support of many centre-left voters (including those who had voted for Pierre Trudeau's federal Liberals the previous year).
The reservoir is located in Manicouagan Regional County Municipality in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada, about north of the city of Baie-Comeau, although its northernmost part is located in Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality.
The crater is a multiple-ring structure about across, with the reservoir at its diameter inner ring being its most prominent feature.
The crater was formed following the impact of an asteroid with a diameter of , which excavated a crater originally about wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about .
As this is 12 ± 2 million years before the end of the Triassic, the impact that produced the crater cannot have been the cause of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.
It has been suggested that the Manicouagan crater may have been part of a multiple impact event which also formed the Rochechouart crater in France, Saint Martin crater in Manitoba, Obolon' crater in Ukraine, and Red Wing crater in North Dakota.
David Rowley, a geophysicist, with the University of Chicago, working with John Spray of the University of New Brunswick and Simon Kelley of the Open University, discovered that the five craters appeared to form a chain, indicating the breakup and subsequent impact of an asteroid or comet, similar to the well observed string of impacts of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 on Jupiter in 1994.
The Manicouagan Reservoir as it presently exists was created in the 1960s, by flooding the earlier Lake Mushalagan (Mouchalagan) to the west of the central plateau and then-smaller Manicouagan to the east, by construction of the Daniel-Johnson Dam.
The works were part of the enormous Manicouagan or Manic series of hydroelectric projects undertaken by Hydro-Québec, the provincial electrical utility.
The reservoir acts as a giant headpond for the Manicouagan River, feeding the Jean-Lesage generating station (Manic-2), René-Lévesque generating station (Manic-3), and Daniel-Johnson Dam (Manic-5) generating stations downstream.
In the peak period of the winter cold, the lake surface is usually lower, since the turbines run all the time at peak load to meet the huge electrical heating needs of the province.
The surface of the lake also experiences low levels in the extreme periods of heat in New England during the summer, since in that period Hydro-Québec sells electrical energy to the joint New England grid and individual utilities in the United States.
His association with Harlequins lasted from his debut against Oxford University in November 1901 until 1950 when he ended his 30-year stint as president of the club.
He made 182 appearances in total, captained the side 143 times and scored 86 tries, being club captain for 8 consecutive seasons from 1906/07 to 1913/14.
He went to Dover College in 1896 and on to Rugby School in 1898, where he played for the school team, and then to Oxford University, where he was captain of the rugby team in 1904.
He had also been approached by Blackheath, who at the time were a bigger name than Quins, but he decided to accept the offer from Quins.
In 1905, Stoop made his debut for England against Scotland and it was also against Scotland that he earned the last of his 15 caps in 1912.
As well as being club captain from 1906–1914, Stoop was secretary from 1905–14 and from 1920-38 as well as president from 1920-1950.
In 1966, they changed their name to The Human Beingz because they felt their old name did not fit with the feel of the late 1960s.
The Beingz were told it would be changed on the next release if the debut single did not have any success.
Despite their Japanese success, The Human Beinz broke up in March 1969, but due to contract obligations had to undertake a tour there.
In 2003, The Human Beinz were among the bands featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame exhibit Hang on Sloopy: The Music of Ohio.
The new lineup of the Human Beinz played the Hard Rock Cafe at Foxwoods Casino, Bodles Opera House, county fairs and other venues in the Northeast.
They appeared in concert at The Dome SUNY Binghamton Events Center in Binghamton, New York, in concert with Jay and The Americans and The Vogues, on May 8, 2010.
On July 31, 2010, they appeared at Weekend of 100 Rock Stars, as part of the Nat Rock Con Fan Fest at the Sheraton Meadowlands in East Rutherford, New Jersey.
Revival band members include Ting Markulin (rhythm guitar and vocals) Gene Szegedi (lead guitar), Sal Crisafi (keyboards, guitar and vocals), Ed McCarthy (bass), Rick White (lead vocals and percussion) and Mike Cerra (drums and percussion).
The Anglo-Nepalese War (1 November 1814 – 4 March 1816), also known as the Gurkha War, was fought between the Kingdom of Gorkha (present-day Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal) and the East India Company as a result of border disputes and ambitious expansionism of both the belligerent parties.
The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816, which ceded some Nepalese controlled territory to the British.
The war was led by British East India Company with the support from native states; Garhwal Kingdom, Patiala State and Kingdom of Sikkim against Kingdom of Gorkha.
The Shah era of Nepal began with the Gorkha king Prithvi Narayan Shah invading Kathmandu valley, which consisted of the capital of the Malla confederacy.
The confederacy requested help from the East India Company and an ill-equipped and ill-prepared expedition numbering 2,500 was led by Captain Kinlock in 1767.
Victory and occupation of the Kathmandu Valley by Prithvi Narayan Shah, starting with the Battle of Kirtipur, resulted in the shift of the capital of his kingdom from Gorkha to Kathmandu, and subsequently the empire that he and his descendants built came to be known as Nepal.
Also, the invasion of the wealthy Kathmandu Valley provided the Gorkha army with economic support for furthering their martial ambitions throughout the region.
To the north however, aggressive raids into Tibet (concerning a long-standing dispute over trade and control of the mountain passes) triggered Chinese intervention.
In 1789, Tibetan government stopped the usage of Nepalese coins for trade in Tibet, citing purity concerns over the copper and the silver coins minted by the Nepalese government, which led to the first Nepal-Tibet war.
A resounding victory of Gorkha forces over Tibetans in the first Nepal-Tibet war left the Lhasa Durbar with no choice but to ask for assistance from the Qing Emperor in Peking.
In the immediate aftermath of the Sino-Nepalese War (1789–1792), Nepal was forced to sign the 'Treaty of Betrawati' which stipulated that the Government of Nepal was required to make payment of tribute to Qing court in Peking once every five years, after the defeat of Gurkha forces by the Qing army in Tibet.
The Tibet affair had postponed a previously planned attack on the Garhwal Kingdom, but by 1803 the Raja of Garhwal, Pradyuman Shah, had also been defeated.
Further west, general Amar Singh Thapa overran lands as far as Kangra – the strongest fort in the hill region – and laid siege to it.
However, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh state in Punjab, intervened and drove the Nepalese army east of the Sutlej river by 1809.
While the Nepalese had been expanding their empire – into Sikkim in the east, Kumaon and Garhwal in the west and into the British sphere of influence in Awadh, or Oudh as the British called it, in the south – the British East India Company had consolidated its position in India from its main bases of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
This British expansion had already been resisted in India, culminating in three Anglo-Maratha wars as well as in the Punjab where Ranjit Singh and the Sikh Empire had their own aspirations.
The British had made constant efforts to persuade the Nepalese government to allow them their trade to the fabled Tibet through Nepal.
Despite a series of delegations headed by William Kirkpatrick (1792), Maulvi Abdul Qader (1795), and later William O. Knox (1801), the Nepalese Durbar refused to budge an inch.
He knew that these would gratify his employers and silence his critics, because the East India Company was at this time in the throes of a cash-flow crisis.
It needed substantial funds in Britain, in order to pay overheads, pensions, and dividends; but there were problems about remitting the necessary assets from India.
It was having to ship its Indian textiles to Canton; sell them on the Chinese market; buy tea with the proceeds; then ship the tea for sale in Britain (all tea at this time came from China.
So when Hastings told the directors of the Company about an alternative means of remittance, a rare and precious raw material that could easily and profitably be shipped from India directly to London, they were at once interested.
The raw material in question was a superior-quality wool: the exquisitely soft and durable animal down that had been used since time immemorial to make the famous wraps, or shawls, of Kashmir.
This down was found only on the shawl-wool goat, and the shawl-wool goat was found only in certain areas of western Tibet.
This all explains why, under the terms of the treaty of 1816, Nepal was required to surrender its far western provinces.
Hastings hoped that this territory, partly annexed by the Company and partly restored to its previous rulers, would give British merchants direct access to the wool-growing areas.
He contemplated annexing Garhwal not so much with the view to revenue, but for security of commercial communications with the country where the shawl wool is produced.
He was wary of the Hindu revival and solidarity among the Marathas, the Sikhs, and the Gurkhas amid the decaying Mughal empire.
He was hatching pre-emptive schemes of conquest against the Marathas in central India, and he needed to cripple Nepal first, in order to avoid having to fight on two fronts.
The acquisition of the Nawab of Awadh's lands by the British East India Company brought the region of Gorakhpur into the close proximity of the raja(king) of Palpa – the last remaining independent town within the Nepalese heartlands.
Palpa and Butwal were originally two separate principalities; they were afterwards united under one independent Rajput prince, who, having conquered Butwal, added it to his hereditary possessions of Palpa.
The lands of Butwal, though conquered and annexed, were yet held in fief, or paid an annual sum, first to Awadh, and afterwards, by transfer, to the British.
During the regency of Rani Rajendra Laxmi, towards the close of the 18th century, the hill country of Palpa was conquered and annexed to Nepal.
The rajah retreated to Butwal, but was subsequently induced, under false promises of redress, to visit Kathmandu, where he was put to death, and his territories in Butwal seized and occupied by the Nepalese.
Bhimsen Thapa, the Nepalese prime minister from 1806 to 1837, installed his own father as governor of Palpa, leading to serious border disputes between the two powers.
The occupation of Terai of Butwal from 1804 till 1812 by the Nepalese, which was under British protection, was the immediate reason which led to the Anglo-Nepalese war in 1814.
In October 1813, the ambitious Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, the Earl of Moira, assumed the office of the Governor-General, and his first act was to re-examine the border dispute between Nepal and British East India Company.
A struggle with the former was unpromising as the British were ignorant of the country or its resources and, despite their technological superiority, it was a received persuasion that the nature of the mountainous tract, which they would have to penetrate, would be as baffling to them as it had been to all the efforts of many successive Mahomedan sovereigns.
However, Nepalese Historian Baburam Acharya contends that the British were striving to annex the hill regions of Nepal and were the ones responsible for creating border disputes.
At the border demarcation, the British representative Major Bradshaw disrespected the Nepalese representatives – Rajguru Ranganath Poudyal and Kaji Dalabhanjan Pande, with a view of invoking a war against the Nepalese.
In the meantime, the British found that the Nepalese were preparing for war; that they had for some time been laying up large stores of saltpetre; purchasing and fabricating arms, and organizing and disciplining their troops under some European deserters in this service, after the model of the companies of East India's sepoy battalions.
The conviction that the Nepalese raids into the flatlands of the Terai, a much prized strip of fertile ground separating the Nepalese hill country from India, increased tensions – the British felt their power in the region and their tenuous lines of communication between Calcutta and the northwest were under threat.
He was against the measures adopted in Butwal and Sheeoraj, which he declared to have originated in the selfish views of persons, who scrupled not to involve the nation in war to gratify their personal avarice.
This stance by Bhimsen Thapa is not surprising, as insinuated by Amar Singh, considering Amar Singh had made the usurpations in Butwal and Sheoraj, and whose family derived most of the advantages.
Prinsep estimates that the revenue of the usurped lands could not have been less than a lakh of rupees a year to the Nepalese, in the manner they collected it: the retention of this income was therefore an object of no small importance to the ambitious views of Bhimsen Thapa and the preservation of the influence he had contrived to establish for his family.
The Nepalese prime minister realized the Nepalese had several advantages over the British including knowledge of the region and recent experience fighting in the mountainous terrain.
The Governor-General looked towards the Nawab of Awadh to finance the impending warfare with Nepal: two crore (20 million) rupees were solicited.
I found, however, that what had been provisionally agitated with him was perfectly understood by his successor, so that the latter came forward with a spontaneous offer of a crore of rupees, which I declined as a peishcush or tribute on his accession to the sovereignty of Oude, but accepted as a loan for the Honourable Company.
Eight lacs were afterwards added to this sum, in order that the interest of the whole, at six per cent, might equal the allowances to different branches of the Nawab Vizier's family, for which guarantee of the British Government had been pledged, and the payment of which, without vexatious retardments, was secured, by the appropriation of the interest to the specific purpose.
The sum thus obtained was thrown into the general treasury, whence I looked to draw such portions of it as the demands of the approaching service might require.
This took place early in autumn, and operations against Nepaul could not commence till the middle of November, on which account the Council did not apprehend my being subjected to any sudden inconvenience through its disposal of the first sum.
Luckily I was upon such frank terms with the Nawab Vizier, as that I could explain to him fairly my circumstances.
This was in contrast with the Nepalese who had spent huge amount of resources on the first and second wars against the Tibetans, which had led to the gradual exhaustion of their treasury.
Below the hills they held possession of a portion of the plain of irregular width, distinguished by the name of the Nepal Turrye, but the period at which the acquisition was made is not ascertained.
Immediately at the front of the hills the plain is covered with the Great Saul Forest, for an average width of ten or twelve miles; the masses of the mountains are immense, their sides steep, and covered with impenetrable jungle.
The trenches in these ridges are generally water-courses, and rather chasms or gulfs than any thing that deserves the name of a valley.
The roads are very insecure, and invariably pathways over mountains, or the beds of rivers, the usual means of transport throughout the country being by hill porters.
Notwithstanding this general description, spaces comparatively open and hollow, and elevated tracts of tolerably level land, are to be met with, but so completely detached as to contribute but little to facilitate intercourse.
To the westward of Nepal, there is a difficult tract, till the country again opens in the valley of Gorkah, the original possession of the present dynasty.
The initial British campaign was an attack on two fronts across a frontier of more than , from the Sutlej to the Koshi.
In the eastern front, Major-General Bennet Marley and Major-General John Sullivan Wood led their respective columns across the Tarai towards the heart of the valley of Kathmandu.
About the beginning of October, 1814, the British troops began to move towards different depots; and the army was soon after formed into four divisions, one at Benares, one at Meeruth, one at Dinapur, and one at Ludhiana.
This force consisted of 8,000 men, including his Majesty's 24th foot of 907 strong; there was a train attached to it of four 18-pounders, eight 6- and 3-pounders, and fourteen mortars and howitzers.
Its force consisted of his Majesty's 17th foot, 950 strong, and about 3000 infantry, totaling 4,494 men; it had a train of seven 6- and 3-pounders, and four mortars and howitzers.
This division originally consisted of his Majesty's 53d, which with artillery and a few dismounted dragoons, made up about one thousand Europeans, and two thousand five hundred native infantry, totaling 3,513 men.
The force consisted exclusively of native infantry and artillery, and amounted to 5,993 men; it had a train of two 18-pounder, ten 6-pounders, and four mortars and howitzers.
Lastly, beyond the Koshi River eastward, Major Latter was furnished with two thousand men, including his district battalion, for the defence of the Poornea frontier.
This officer was desired to open a communication with the Raja of Sikkim, and to give him every assistance and encouragement to expel the Gorkhas from the eastern hills, short of an actual advance of troops for the purpose.
Captain Barré Latter was sent to the border with Poornea and after a successful mission to confine the Gorkhas to their own territory concluded the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of Titalia confirming the Raja's dominions, although the latter lost territory from his border to the Tamur River.
In conclusion, the Gorkhali Army defeated the British on three fronts consisting the middle and the east whereas lost the remaining two fronts in the west.
Similarly, Major General George Wood, sometimes known as the Tiger of the British Indian Army, proved exceedingly cautious against the hard charging Nepalese.
With the help of an ousted Palpali king, Major General Wood planned to march on Siuraj, Jit Gadhi and Nuwakot with a view to bypass the Butwal defenses, flushing out minor opposition on the axis, and assault Palpa from a less guarded flank.
Nepalese Colonel Ujir Singh Thapa had deployed his 1200 troops in many defensive positions including Jit Gadhi, Nuwakot Gadhi and Kathe Gadhi.
Major General Bannet Marley and Major General George Wood had not been able to advance for an offensive against Makawanpur and Hariharpur Gadhi fortresses.
The battle took place around the Nalapani fort, near Dehradun, which was placed under siege by the British between 31 October and 30 November 1814.
The fort's garrison was commanded by Captain Balbhadra Kunwar, while Major-General Rollo Gillespie, who had previously fought at the Battle of Java, was in charge of the attacking British troops.
Gillespie was killed on the first day of the siege while rallying his men and despite considerable odds, both in terms of numbers and firepower, Balbhadra and his 600-strong garrison, which also consisted of brave women who reportedly shielded the bullets and cannonballs with their bodies, successfully held out against more than 5,000 British troops for over a month.
After two costly and unsuccessful attempts to seize the fort by direct attack, the British changed their approach and sought to force the garrison to surrender by cutting off the fort's external water supply.
Having suffered three days of thirst, on the last day of the siege, Balbhadra, refusing to surrender, led the 70 surviving members of the garrison in a charge against the besieging force.
The battle set the tone for the rest of the Anglo-Nepalese War, and a number of later engagements, including one at Jaithak, unfolded in a similar way.
The experience at Nalapani so discomforted the British that Lord Hastings so far varied his plan of operations as to forego the detachment of a part of this division to occupy Gurhwal.
He accordingly instructed Colonel Mawbey to leave a few men in a strong position for the occupation of the Doon and to carry his undivided army against Amar Singh's son, Colonel Ranajor Singh Thapa, who was with about 2300 elite of the Gurkha army, at Nahan.
In the meantime Colonel Mawbey had led back the division through the Keree pass, leaving Colonel Carpenter posted at Kalsee, at the north western extremity of the Doon.
This station commanded the passes of the Jumna on the main line of communication between the western and eastern portions of the Gurkha territory, and thus was well chosen for procuring intelligence.
The fort had a garrison of 2000 men under the command of Ranajor Singh Thapa, the son of the Amar Singh Thapa.
The second managed to cut off the water supply to the fort, but could not capture it mainly because of the exhausted state of the troops and shortage of ammunition.
A single day of battle at Jaithak cost the British over three hundred men dead and wounded and cooled Martindell's ardour for battle.
Thus by mid-February, of the four British commanders the Nepalese army had faced till that time, Gillespie was dead, Marley had deserted, Wood was harassed into inactivity, and Martindell was practically incapacitated by over-cautiousness.
Kumaun, a key link in Nepalese army communications with the Far West, was defended by a small force, numbering about seven hundred and fifty men, with an equal number of Kumaoni irregulars, altogether about fifteen hundred men to defend a whole province.
The British force, numbering initially over forty five hundred men, was easily able to outmanoeuvre the Nepalese army defenders and force them to abandon one post after another.
Despite a significant victory over Captain Hearsey's force, which had been sent on a flanking movement though Eastern Kumaun, and the capture of the captain himself, the Nepalese army was unable to stem the tide of the British advance.
A further reinforcement of four companies was sent from Kathmandu to aid the beleaguered defences of Kumaun, but the difficulties of communication through the hills prevented them from arriving in time to be of any help.
Meanwhile, Hastings sent Colonel Nicolls, Quartermaster-General for the British troops in India, to take charge of the Almora campaign and assigned two thousand regular troops to this front in addition to the very large number of irregulars already assigned to the area – all of this against fewer than one thousand Nepalese army soldiers.
Hasti Dal Shah and some five hundred Nepalese Army men had set out from Almora to secure Almora's Northern line of communications with Kathmandu.
On April 25, 1815, 2,000 British regulars under Col. Nicholls and a force of irregular troops under Col. Gardiner assaulted and captured the heights of the town of Almorah.
Subsequently, the British managed to establish gun positions within seventy yards of the gate of the fort at Almora and the British artillery demolished the walls of the fort at point blank range.
At Malaon, Major-General Ochterlony had moved with extreme care summoning reinforcements and heavy guns from Delhi until his total attack force consisted of over ten thousand men well-equipped with heavy cannon.
Kazi Amar Singh Thapa's position in the Malaon Hills depended on Bilaspur in the lowlands for his food supplies, and the nature of the hills forced him to spread his forces very thinly in an attempt to defend every vantage point.
Ochterlony cut off the supply of food from Bilaspur and then turned his attention to the intricate network of defensive posts that were designed to withstand any frontal assault.
Because Ochterlony had sufficient troops to attack and overwhelm several positions simultaneously, the thinly spread Nepalese defences could be dangerously divided.
Ochterlony chose his target, a point on the ridge, and then proceeded to move slowly, consolidating each position that he took, and allowing the pioneers time to build roads so that the heavy guns could be moved forward to support each attack.
After a series of carefully planned and executed moves, he succeeded in establishing a position on the crest of Deothal, not even over a thousand yards from Kazi Amar Singh Thapa's main fort at Malaon.
The old warrior Bhakti Thapa valiantly led assault after assault on this position, but he died during battle and the position did not fall.
Immensely impressed by Bhakti's sustained courage against impossible odds, the British made the well appreciated and honourable gesture of returning his body with full military honours.
The British superiority in numbers made it inevitable that they would be able to establish themselves and their heavy guns on a vantage point within range of Ranajor Singh's fortifications, sooner or later.
Both Kazi Amar Singh Thapa and Ranajor Singh Thapa were thus hemmed in and looking down the barrels of the British guns when Bam Shah's letter arrived, announcing the fall of Almora.
Although the old commander was still reluctant to surrender, Kazi Amar Singh Thapa at last saw the hopelessness of the situation and, compelled by circumstances and the British guns, surrendered with honour for both himself and Ranajor Singh.
Not surprisingly Lord Moira appointed him as the Main Operational Commander in the second offensive on the Bharatpur-Makawanpur-Hariharpur front with 17,000 strong invasion force, but again, most of them were Indian sepoys.
Colonel Bhaktawar Singh Thapa, another brother of Bhimsen Thapa, had been appointed as Sector Commander for defensive battles for the area from Bijayapur to Sindhuli Gadhi in the first campaign.
Major General David Ochterlony, was the overall commander against Nepal with a massive 17,000 British troops to assault the fronts including Upardang Gadhi, Sinchyang Gadhi, Kandrang Gadhi, Makawanpur Gadhi and Hariharpur Gadhi.
Some of the heads of villagers were bribed for sensitive information about the defensive positions in the area of Hariharpur Gadhi.
Major General David Ochterlony settled down to receive the treaty, signed by Kathmandu Durbar through Chandra Sekhar Upadhyaya, Pandit Gajaraj Mishra and finally though Bhaktawar Singh Thapa.
The war ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, which has been considered as an unequal treaty which led to Nepal losing its one-third territory.
The British East India Company would pay 200,000 rupees annually to compensate for the loss of income from the Terai region.
The fear of having a British Resident in Kathmandu ultimately proved to be unfounded, as the rulers of Nepal managed to isolate the Resident to such an extent as to be in virtual house arrest.
The Terai lands, however, proved difficult for the British to govern and some of them were returned to the kingdom later in 1816 and the annual payments accordingly abolished.
The boundary between Nepal and Oudh was not finally adjusted until 1830; and that between Nepal and the British territories remained as a matter of discussion between the two Governments for several years later.
The British never had the intention to destroy either the existence or the independence of a state which was usefully interposed between them and the dependencies of China.
Lord Hastings had given up his plan to dismember Nepal from fear of antagonising China – whose vassal Nepal in theory was.
military force from China to Lhasa; and the following year, after the Anglo-Nepalese treaty had been signed, the Chinese army moved south again, right up to Nepal's frontier.
The Nepalese panicked, because memories were still vivid of the Chinese invasion of 1792, and there was a flurry of urgent diplomatic activity.
Hastings sent mollifying assurances to the imperial authorities, and ordered the British Resident, newly arrived in Kathmandu, to pack his bags and be ready to leave at once if the Chinese invaded again.
Due to the forced treaty under compulsion and duress, experts on international treaty view that Nepal might not have had the capability to recognize the Sugauli as a sound treaty.
Despite the boast of Lord Moira to the British parliament on having increased the state coffers, the Gurkha War had in reality cost more than the combined cost of the campaigns against the Marathas and the Pindaris for which Lord Moira's administration is better known: Sicca Rs.
Thus, while the Company Government, in theory, thoroughly approved of the development of trade, especially in shawl wool, between Western Tibet and its territories, it was unprepared to take any decisive step to bring this about.
It preferred to leave the Chinese in Tibet to their own devices, and hoped to avoid the risk, however slight, of another expensive hill war.
Furthermore, despite the British merchants' direct access to the wool growing areas after the war, the hopes of shawl wool trade were never realised.
It was monopolised by traders from Kashmir and Ladakh, and the only outsider with whom they dealt was Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the powerful Sikh ruler of Lahore.
Ranjit was very zealous of his privilege, and he was the last person the British could afford to offend at this time of crisis and uncertainty.
When it finally acquired the Punjab and Kashmir, after the Sikh Wars of the 1840s, it had long since given up trade, and Kashmir was so little valued that it was quickly discarded – sold for a knock-down price to the Raja of Jammu.
His confidence in their loyalty was such that in April 1815 he proposed forming them into a battalion under Lieutenant Ross called the Nasiri regiment.
About 5,000 men entered British service in 1815, most of whom were not 'real' Gorkhali but Kumaonis, Garhwalis and other Himalayan hill men.
As well as Ochterlony's Gorkhali battalions, William Fraser and Lieutenant Frederick Young raised the Sirmoor battalion, later to become the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles; an additional battalion, the Kumaon battalion was also raised eventually becoming the 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles.
Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa, with the support of the queen regent Tripura Sundari, remained in power despite the defeat of Nepal.
The prime minister however had been able to retain power by maintaining a large, modernized army and politically dominating the court during the minority of King Rajendra Bikram Shah, (reigned 1816–1847).
Additionally, he was able to freeze out the Pandes from power by appointing members of his own family into positions of authority.
In 1833, Brian Hodgson became British resident, openly favouring Bhimsen Thapa's opponents, and in 1837 the king announced his intention to rule independently, depriving the prime minister and his nephew of their military powers.
When the head of the Pande family, Rana Jang Pande, became prime minister, he had Bhimsen Thapa re-imprisoned; Bhimsen Thapa committed suicide in August 1839.
For his part, David Ochterlony received thanks from both Houses of Parliament and became the first officer in the British East India Company to be awarded the GCB.
Lord Moira also reinstated him as Resident at Delhi and he lived in the style appropriate to a very senior figure of the Company.
However, after Lord Moira left India – succeeded by Lord Amherst as Governor-General in 1823 – Ochterlony fell out of favor.
In 1825 the Raja of Bharatpur died and the six-year-old heir to the throne, whom Ochterlony supported, was usurped by his cousin Durjan Sal.
When Durjan Sal failed to submit to Ochterlony's demands to vacate the throne, the British general prepared to march on Bharatpur.
He did not receive the backing of the new Governor-General however, and after Amherst countermanded his orders, Ochterlony resigned, as Amherst had anticipated.
A 165-foot-high memorial was later erected in Calcutta in his memory; however, Sir David Ochterlony's greatest legacy is the continuing recruitment of Gorkhas into the British and Indian armies.
Soon after Ochterlony's resignation Amherst was himself obliged to do what Ochterlony had prepared to do, and laid siege to Bharatpur.
The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have a frequency response as flat as possible in the passband.
At the time, filter design required a considerable amount of designer experience due to limitations of the theory then in use.
Such an ideal filter cannot be achieved, but Butterworth showed that successively closer approximations were obtained with increasing numbers of filter elements of the right values.
If ω = 1, the amplitude response of this type of filter in the passband is 1/ ≈ 0.707, which is half power or −3 dB.
His plot of the frequency response of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 pole filters is shown as A, B, C, D, and E in his original graph.
Butterworth solved the equations for two- and four-pole filters, showing how the latter could be cascaded when separated by vacuum tube amplifiers and so enabling the construction of higher-order filters despite inductor losses.
Butterworth discovered that it was possible to adjust the component values of the filter to compensate for the winding resistance of the inductors.
A first-order filter's response rolls off at −6 dB per octave (−20 dB per decade) (all first-order lowpass filters have the same normalized frequency response).
Butterworth filters have a monotonically changing magnitude function with ω, unlike other filter types that have non-monotonic ripple in the passband and/or the stopband.
Compared with a Chebyshev Type I/Type II filter or an elliptic filter, the Butterworth filter has a slower roll-off, and thus will require a higher order to implement a particular stopband specification, but Butterworth filters have a more linear phase response in the pass-band than Chebyshev Type I/Type II and elliptic filters can achieve.
The group delay is defined as the derivative of the phase with respect to angular frequency and is a measure of the distortion in the signal introduced by phase differences for different frequencies.
It can be seen that there are no ripples in the gain curve in either the passband or the stop band.
A band-pass Butterworth filter is obtained by placing a capacitor in series with each inductor and an inductor in parallel with each capacitor to form resonant circuits.
A band-stop Butterworth filter is obtained by placing a capacitor in parallel with each inductor and an inductor in series with each capacitor to form resonant circuits.
The value of each new component must be selected to resonate with the old component at the frequency to be rejected.
Like all filters, the typical prototype is the low-pass filter, which can be modified into a high-pass filter, or placed in series with others to form band-pass and band-stop filters, and higher order versions of these.
The Butterworth polynomials may be written in complex form as above, but are usually written with real coefficients by multiplying pole pairs that are complex conjugates, such as formula_19 and formula_20.
The most often used topology for a passive realisation is Cauer topology and the most often used topology for an active realisation is Sallen–Key topology.
These formulae apply to a doubly terminated filter (that is, the source and load impedance are both equal to unity) with ω = 1.
The Sallen–Key topology uses active and passive components (noninverting buffers, usually op amps, resistors, and capacitors) to implement a linear analog filter.
If there is a real pole (in the case where formula_42 is odd), this must be implemented separately, usually as an RC circuit, and cascaded with the active stages.
Digital implementations of Butterworth and other filters are often based on the bilinear transform method or the matched Z-transform method, two different methods to discretize an analog filter design.
In the case of all-pole filters such as the Butterworth, the matched Z-transform method is equivalent to the impulse invariance method.
For higher orders, digital filters are sensitive to quantization errors, so they are often calculated as cascaded biquad sections, plus one first-order or third-order section for odd orders.
The Butterworth filter rolls off more slowly around the cutoff frequency than the Chebyshev filter or the Elliptic filter, but without ripple.
Yiannis Latsis (1910–2003), also known as John Spyridon Latsis, was a Greek shipping multi-billionaire tycoon notable for his great wealth, influential friends, and charitable activities.
Latsis was born in Katakolo — a fishing village in the Elis — (although his origins are in Epirus), the seventh of 21 children, the son of Spiro Latsis and Aphrodite Efthimiou.
In the late 1960s, he diversified his business to include oil – establishing Petrola — and construction, building (among other things) oil refineries in Greece and Saudi Arabia, before gradually expanding into banking and financial services.
Through Hellenic Petroleum, one of Greece's largest oil companies – in which another partner is the Russian oil giant LUKoil – it holds the contract for all fuel supplies to the airport, through an EU-funded pipeline built by a Latsis engineering company.
Hellenic Petroleum, according to its own accounts, in 2000, paid $912 million to acquire a 34 percent interest in the Athens Airport Fuel Pipeline Company.
And between 1999 and 2004, during the time when Spata airport was completed, the commission last week revealed that the giant EFG Eurobank Ergasias banking group, controlled by Latsis family interests, held an exclusive contract to handle all EU structural funds coming to Greece, totalling €28 billion.
His charitable works began with the establishment of the Latsis Scholarships Institute in 1970 and also included the provision of aid to earthquake victims and the creation of the Latsis Foundation.
Two years after his passing in 2003, his immediate family founded the John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation in his memory, that undertook the activity of the aforementioned scholarship fund and all the philanthropic work of the family.
He was awarded the Golden Cross from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix by Greece.
Throughout the summer and fall of 1948, she operated primarily in Chinese waters, returning to Long Beach, California, in December 1948.
She then took part in Operation Miki, a joint United States Army-U.S. Navy amphibious training exercise in the Hawaiian Islands conducted in November 1949.
She returned to Japan in January 1950, and soon after experienced the highlights of her service as flagship of the United States Seventh Fleet when the Joint Chiefs of Staff, then touring East Asia, embarked on 2 February 1950.
During the remainder of her East Asian tour she carried out a schedule of large-scale fleet exercises off Okinawa and visits to Japanese ports.
Stopping at Pearl Harbor only to take on ammunition, she plowed across the Pacific and into action on the east coast of Korea.
On 7 August, she first unleashed her guns on an enemy target—the railroad marshalling yards, trains, and power plant near Tanchon.
After her overhaul, she reported for duty at Sasebo 18 April 1951, and was assigned to Task Force 77, the fast carrier group making daily air strikes against the enemy.
After a short respite at Yokosuka, she returned again to the Task Force, but was soon detached for special duty supporting a massive air strike on supply depots and rail road marshalling yards at Rashin, acting as radar picket.
Here, at a ceremony on her decks, President Syngman Rhee of Korea presented to Task Force 95 the first Korean Presidential Unit Citation awarded to a naval unit.
With her helicopter providing its usual efficient spotting, she fired with great success on rail and highway bridges, marshalling yards and gun positions for the next 2 weeks.
For 5 months her mission again was to burn buildings, destroy gun positions, and smash transportation facilities; all were left in her wake after shore bombardments.
She called first at Iwo Jima where on 1 December Admiral Arthur W. Radford, Commander In Chief Pacific Fleet, boarded the ship by helicopter to visit briefly.
Two days later she proceeded to Guam, where President-Elect Dwight D. Eisenhower, with several of his prospective cabinet members, and Admiral Radford embarked for passage to Pearl Harbor.
These off-shore islands posed a possible point of contention between the Nationalist and Communist Chinese; and it was determined to neutralize them by means of evacuation.
By 1500 on 9 February 1955, with Helena on watchful patrol, all civilians had been removed to safety from the islands—a total of 18,000 people.
During the 6 months of this tour of duty, she once more operated primarily in the Taiwan area and briefly in Philippine waters on exercises.
On the next day, students and faculty of the Taiwan National Defense College were received on board for a tour of the ship.
Her schedule next called for a visit to Manila, but the crisis brought on by the Chinese Communist shelling of the off-shore islands of Quemoy and Matsu governed by the Nationalists interrupted normal operations.
While on this duty, she was illustrating once more the fact that the mere presence of the overwhelming naval strength of the United States is one of the most formidable protections the free world has in deterring such aggression.
Her men had skillfully and courageously carried out a difficult humanitarian mission, another contribution to strengthening American relationships with Asian nations.
Visits to Korea and to Taiwan prefaced her participation in Operation Blue Star, one of the largest peacetime amphibious exercises in our history.
Stricken on 1 January 1974, and sold to Levin Metals Co., San Jose, Calif., on 13 November 1974, and scrapped in Richmond, Calif the following year.
Palitoy required its manufacturers to produce and retain ownership of the toolings and Kader had used the toolings and added new ones for models commissioned by Replica Railways following the demise of Mainline.
Kader formed Bachmann Industries Europe in 1989 with their main UK headquarters in Moat Way, Barwell, and the following year launched the Bachmann Branchline range for the British market with the moulds that had previously been used for Mainline and Replica.
From this starting point Bachmann has developed the range further and now produce a large range of models competing in particular with Hornby.
In 2000 Bachmann Branchline bought Graham Farish, an N gauge manufacturer, and since then many of their models have been made available in both gauges.
Many of their trains include NEM pockets, making it possible to replace standard tension lock coupling with close couplings such as Kadees.
John McClintock, 1st Baron Rathdonnell (26 August 1798 – 17 May 1879), was an Irish Conservative peer and Member of Parliament.
He was the eldest son of John McClintock, an Irish magistrate for County Louth, and formerly Serjeant at Arms in the Irish House of Commons.
McClintock was appointed High Sheriff of Louth in 1840 and elected Member of Parliament for County Louth in 1857, a seat he held until 1859.
In 1868 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Rathdonnell, of Rathdonnell in the County of Donegal, with remainder to the male issue of his deceased younger brother Captain William McClintock-Bunbury.
Lord Rathdonnell was married to Anne Lefroy, sister of Sir John Henry Lefroy, and they lived between Drumcar, County Louth, and their London house at 80 Chester Square.
He was succeeded in the Barony according to the special remainder by his nephew Thomas McClintock-Bunbury, who notably served as Lord Lieutenant of County Carlow and as President of the Royal Dublin Society.
By 1912, Longden Sr. had saved enough money to send for his wife and young son to join him in Canada.
His love of horses and horse-racing led him to leave Canada in 1927 to seek opportunities as a jockey in California's burgeoning racing scene.
Based at Santa Anita Park, by 1956 he had become thoroughbred racing's winningest rider, breaking the record of 4,870 wins by British jockey Sir Gordon Richards (1904–1988).
In 1943, he captured the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing winning the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes and the Belmont Stakes aboard Count Fleet.
A sculptured bust of Longden, along with busts of fellow jockeys William Shoemaker and Laffit Pincay, has been placed in the paddock area at Santa Anita Racetrack in Arcadia, California.
A founding member of the Jockeys' Guild in 1940, Longden was the United States' leading jockey in races won in 1938, 1947, and 1948.
He retired the following year as the jockey with the most wins in racing history with 6,032 victories from his 32,413 mounts.
His last ride was in the 1966 San Juan Capistrano Handicap at Santa Anita Park, which he won aboard George Royal in a stretch duel.
Longden operated a racing stable under the name Alberta Ranches Ltd. in partnership with Frank McMahon, Wilder H. Ripley and Max Bell, longtime friends from Alberta.
On January 28, 1971, Longden's wife Hazel became the first woman to train a stakes winner at Santa Anita Park when her horse Diplomatic Agent won the San Vicente Stakes.
Following his retirement from riding, Longden turned to training and became the only person to ever win the Kentucky Derby as both a jockey and trainer when he captured the 1969 Derby with Frank McMahon's colt Majestic Prince.
He went on to become the second ever recipient of the Avelino Gomez Memorial Award in 1985, given annually to jockeys who have made significant contributions to the sport.
The ship cleared New York on 16 April 1947, and joined the 6th Fleet at Trieste on 2 May where she aided in stabilizing the unresolved question of territorial ownership between Italy and Yugoslavia.
The ship returned to Norfolk on 15 November for training, and was back on duty with the 6th Fleet from 14 June-3 October 1948 and again from 3 May-26 September 1949.
As on her first cruise, she ranged the Mediterranean to assure Europeans and Africans of our intention to guard world peace and freedom.
On 22 April, she became flagship for Rear Admiral J. M. Higgins, Commander Cruiser Division 5 (CruDiv 5), and reported for duty in Yokosuka, Japan on 1 June, where she began surveillance patrols in the Tsushima Straits.
She patrolled south of the 38th parallel to prevent enemy landings, conducted the first shore bombardments on 29 June at Bokuko Ko, destroyed enemy shore installations, engaged in the first naval action on 2 July when she sank three enemy torpedo boats near Chumonchin Chan, and supported raiding parties along the coast.
The ship departed Sasebo Harbor on 28 July and made a sweep through the Formosa Straits before reporting for duty with the 7th Fleet at Buckner Bay, Okinawa, on 2 August.
She became flagship of the Formosa Patrol Force on 4 August, remaining until 29 October when she joined the Fast Carrier Task Force operating off the east coast of Korea.
The ship conducted daily plane guard for the attack carriers, and returned to Long Beach, California, on 1 May 1951 for overhaul.
In nine months she was updated with improved Mk 37, 56 and 63 fire control and an improved armament of 14 3-inch/50cal (6x2 & 2x1) and 12 5-inch (6x2).
She returned to Yokosuka on 19 April 1952 and conducted strikes along the Korean coast in coordination with carrier planes until returning to Long Beach on 5 November.
She operated in the Atlantic and Caribbean until 18 November 1954, then returned to the Mediterranean for her last tour of duty.
After her return to the East Coast on 23 February 1955, she was placed in reserve at Philadelphia on 23 March 1955, and remained inactive until decommissioned on 23 July 1955.
The ship was then attached to the Philadelphia Group of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until 1 November 1959, when she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.
His romantic ballads had especially women swooning and his art songs by Jules Massenet (1842–1912), Reynaldo Hahn (1875–1947), and other composers, sold out theaters wherever he performed.
As a young man, Rossi played guitar and sang in many places of his hometown of Ajaccio, but later he went to perform in Marseille and at resort clubs along the French Riviera.
In the early 1930s he went to Paris and within a few years achieved enormous success, joining a Columbia Records roster that included the biggest stars of that time such as Lucienne Boyer, Damia, Pills et Tabet, Mireille, and Jean Sablon.
Rossi's success was greatly aided by songwriter Vincent Scotto (1876–1952), who wrote his first hits and collaborated with him for many years, composing and arranging many of Rossi's songs.
Prior to World War II, Rossi was a major box office attraction in the French-speaking world, and expanded his audience 1938 to the U.S. and Canada during a first visit there.
Like many celebrities, Tino Rossi was arrested on October 7, 1944 by several police officers in search of information on his close Corsican friend, Etienne Leandri, suspected of active collaborationism.
Following three months' detention in the prison of Fresnes, near Paris, during which he stubbornly refused the assistance of a lawyer, he was freed from further detention by a judge, who deemed the charge leveled against him void of substance.
Tino Rossi who, in October 1943, had loaned his personal car to a resistance network to transport weapons and enable several escapes (including that of a general), accepted—an extremely rare action at the time—exceptional official apologies.
That same year Rossi gave his last public performance at the Casino de Paris, a show that popular demand turned into a three-month stint.
Ajaccio named a street and the sailing harbor in his honor and in Nogent-sur-Marne, there is a square named Tino Rossi Square.
The United National Congress (UNC) is one of the two major political parties in Trinidad and Tobago and one of the main parties in the current opposition.
After spending six years in opposition, the UNC won control of the government in 1995 (initially in coalition with the National Alliance for Reconstruction and later on its own).
With this victory, the UNC's political leader, Kamla Persad-Bissessar was sworn in as Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, the first woman to hold this position.
Historically, the UNC has been supported by a majority of Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians (Hindu Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians especially), and the different minorities of the country.
In that split 6 MPs (including Panday) all of whom were former members of the United Labour Front left the NAR to form the Caucus for Love, Unity and Brotherhood 1988 (CLUB 88) which was chaired by Pt.
The UNC formed the Government of Trinidad and Tobago between 1995- 2001 and was returned to government in May 2010 in partnership with the Congress of the People, NJAC, MSJ and TOP (a Tobago-based Party).
In General Elections held in 1995 the UNC won 17 of 36 seats, and formed a coalition government with the National Alliance for Reconstruction which won 2 seats.
In exchange for his support, NAR political leader A. N. R. Robinson was first appointed Minister Extraordinaire and then elected President in 1997.
However, internal party elections in 2001 highlighted a rift in the party with Panday and Attorney-General Ramesh Maharaj in effect fielding rival slates.
This did not translate into increased prestige for Maharaj in the government as Panday refused to recommend Maharaj as Acting Prime Minister in his absence.
This led to the defection of Maharaj; Agriculture Minister, Trevor Sudama and Information Technology Minister, Ralph Maraj who formed the new party Team Unity.
This led to the calling of early elections in 2001 in which the UNC were reduced to 18 seats in the House of Representatives.
At the last legislative elections, 7 October 2002, the party won 46.5% of popular votes and 16 out of 36 seats in the House of Representatives.
This made it the opposition in parliament to the ruling People's National Movement (PNM) government, which held the other 20 seats.
On 31 May 2005, Basdeo Panday, together with his wife Oma, former UNC MP Carlos John and party financier Ishwar Galbaransingh were arrested for bribery.
As a result of negotiations between the two, Dookeran was nominated unopposed for the post of Political Leader and Panday was nominated unopposed for the party Chairmanship.
On 2 October, Basdeo Panday's slate won 12 of the posts including two of the three deputy leader positions and (after a recount) the vice-chairmanship.
Gerald Yetming, MP for St. Joseph joined the Opposition back benches in protest of Basdeo Panday's failure to relinquish the position of Leader of the Opposition.
Maharaj was to mark his return to the party by speaking at a party rally held at Mid-Centre Mall in Chaguanas on 19 February.
On 8 March 2006, Yetming announced he was formally leaving the UNC and would serve out his term as an Independent.
His chief reason was the return of Maharaj to the UNC, a move which he opposed but which was endorsed by Basdeo Panday.
Dookeran also suffered a loss of support as Deputy Leader Jack Warner and Roodal Moonilal (MP for Oropouche), switched sides and announced their support of Panday.
On 24 April Basdeo Panday was convicted of fraud for failing to disclose a bank account under the rules of the Integrity Act.
On 26 April in a surprise move seven UNC MPs announced their support of Deputy Political Leader, Kamla Persad-Bissessar as the new Opposition Leader.
On 27 April Persad-Bissessar was appointed Opposition Leader and she stated that she would step aside should Panday's appeal prove successful.
In August 2006, however Panday returned to active politics and in a public display attempted to broker a reconciliation between the two factions.
Many people in the country including members of Mr. Panday's own support team privately shared the view that it was Mr. Panday who worked behind the scene to undermine Mr. Dookeran's support within the Executive of the UNC.
Mr Dookeran who was the actual and legitimate Political Leader of the UNC should have the full powers that accompanies that position as articulated in the Party's Constitution.
However, Mr. Dookeran's call for internal change within the UNC had a negative effect on some of the 'old guards' who felt their own position threatened.
Panday and the Executive spoke about a collective leadership concept, but the culture of the UNC with Mr. Panday was opposed to that claim.
The Leadership Council was composed of the three Deputy Leaders (Persad -Bissessar, Wade Mark, Jack Warner), the Party CEO Tim Gopeesingh and newly returned Ramesh L. Maharaj.
On 10 September at a large rally, Dookeran announced his resignation as UNC Political Leader and the formation of a new party the Congress of the People, under his leadership.
Her victory, with 13,932 votes over 1,359 for party founder Basdeo Panday and 1,072 for fellow challenger Ramesh Maharaj, MP representing Tabaquite, made Persad-Bissessar the first female leader of a major political party in Trinidad and Tobago.
Based on a campaign of change against the PNM, the UNC was successful in the 2010 general election on 24 May 2010, and Persad-Bissessar was appointed as the first ever female Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago.
The UNC won a majority of 19 seats but they ran as a coalition with the Congress of the People (winning 6 seats), and the Tobago Organization of the People (winning 2 seats, both of Tobago's seats), giving the coalition a total of 27 seats.
The Movement for Social Justice, which did not win any seats in the election, left the coalition due to discontent with running of the government.
In the 2015 General Elections, the party won 17 of the 41 seats in the elections to form the main Opposition party in the 11th parliament of Trinidad and Tobago.
This is because ballots were found in favour of Dr. Roodal Moonilal at a river and at the back of a school used for conducting the internal election.
Strangely enough, the ballots were left out in the open with no visible signs of any attempt to destroy or hide them.
There was also the issue of names being found twice on the voting list, which would meant that one individual may have been able to vote twice.
Named for Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, she was commissioned on 4 August 1962 as DLG-16, a guided missile frigate, and reclassified as CG-16, a guided missile cruiser, on 30 June 1975.
She made six Mediterranean deployments (Sixth Fleet), two UNITAS Latin America cruises and eight Western Pacific deployments (Seventh Fleet), completed three Panama Canal transits, and crossed the equator over a dozen times.
She steamed far north to Leningrad, Russia, and the Aleutian Islands; and far south for two passages through the Straits of Magellan.
One of the principal missions of these ships, like their predecessors, the , was to form part of the anti-air (AAW) and anti-submarine (ASW) screen for carrier task forces while also controlling aircraft from the carrier by providing vectors to assigned targets.
Close-in anti-aircraft defense consisted of a pair of twin MK 22 3-inch/50 caliber guns; anti-submarine armament consisted of ASROC and two triple MK 32 torpedo mounts.
She arrived at Charleston on 22 December and began a period of restricted availability in preparation for extensive tests to evaluate the Terrier Missile System.
The vessel departed from Charleston on 30 November 1965 for the Mediterranean and relieved the destroyer at Pollensa, Majorca, 9 December.
During this second deployment with the Sixth Fleet, she operated throughout the Mediterranean participating in ASW, gunnery, and AA warfare exercises as well as major fleet tactical operations alongside other NATO ships.
During June and July, she gave some 60 midshipmen from Annapolis at-sea training, and visited ports along the Atlantic coast and in the Caribbean.
She sailed through the Panama Canal in early September, thence south and through the Straits of Magellan at the end of October.
For over a year the ship received new AAW and ASW equipment, allowing her to utilize the most recent developments in the technology of naval warfare.
The destroyer leader was placed in commission, special, on 4 May 1968 for the extensive period of testing her updated weapons systems.
During the 1974 deployment, she operated extensively with the battle group and made port calls in France, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey.
Prior to entering the Mediterranean, she participated with the destroyer (COMCRUDESGRU 12, RADM Langille, and staff embarked) in an historic port call at Leningrad in the USSR.
Her crew participated in a variety of athletic contests with local teams, and enjoyed visits to a hockey game and the Kirov Ballet.
During the deployment she visited Spain, France, Monaco (for the Fourth of July celebrations and Princess Grace's Red Cross Ball), Italy, Greece, and Turkey.
She did not make her first deployment to the Western Pacific until July 1978, when she served as part of the carrier battle group.
She made stops at Okinawa, Yokosuka, Taiwan, Singapore, the Philippines, and South Korea before returning to the United States in February 1979.
In 1984, she operated with the aircraft carrier in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, then deployed to the Persian Gulf in 1985.
In 1990, she served as the senior host ship for the Soviet Navy’s historic first trip to San Diego, which was also the first Russian visit to any west coast naval base.
On 8 October 1993, she was transferred to the USDOT Maritime Administration (MARAD) and laid up as part of the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet in Benicia, CA.
From there she was towed by and on 21 June 2004 arrived at the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility in Beaumont, Texas.
In October 2013, the ship's bell, builder's plaque and other items were placed on long term loan from the Naval History & Heritage Command to the Franklin County Historical Society Museum in Hampton, Iowa for an exhibit on native son William D. Leahy.
In addition, the 1/48 scale model previously displayed at the Surface Warfare Officer's School in Newport, Rhode Island was loaned for the same exhibit.
The 1962 commissioning ceremony booklet lists 21 officers, 24 chief petty officers, 39 first class petty officers, 50 second class petty officers, 96 third class petty officers, 87 seamen and 46 firemen.
St Helen's (previously known as the Aviva Tower or the Commercial Union building) is a commercial skyscraper in London, United Kingdom.
The building was designed by the Gollins Melvin Ward Partnership in the international style: the stark rectilinear geometry and detailing of the building was influenced by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and is somewhat reminiscent of his Seagram Building in New York City.
It was built by Taylor Woodrow Construction as one of only four high-rise buildings in London using a top-down engineering design where the lower office floors are suspended from above rather than supported from below.
In 1992, the building was heavily damaged in the Baltic Exchange bombing carried out by the Provisional IRA, as a result of which it was substantially renovated.
In 2007, it was reported that Halabi was considering plans to demolish the building and replace it with a much taller tower, but this plan was not fulfilled.
In 2011, it was reported that the building had been sold to an undisclosed Far Eastern private investor for £288 million.
In November 2016, planning permission was granted for the Trellis Tower, which will house up to 10,000 workers and which, upon completion, will be the tallest building in the City of London and the second tallest building in the UK, after The Shard.
In 1961, the Commercial Union Assurance Company had acquired a site in St Mary Axe, in the City of London, which it desired to develop as its new headquarters.
At the same time the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company was planning to redevelop its city offices in Leadenhall Street.
Due to a number of issues affecting both sites, notably poor access to the Commercial Union site and the restricted width of the Peninsular and Oriental site, it was not possible to obtain planning consents that would optimise the amount of floor space desired by either company.
As a result, the two companies decided to participate in a joint development that would involve the reallocation of site boundaries and the creation of an open concourse area at the junction of Leadenhall Street and St Mary Axe.
Both companies were to have frontages on the new concourse and would retain site areas equivalent to those enclosed by the original boundaries.
The original cladding (apart from the windows) was anodidized aluminium, whose colour changed in varying lighting conditions from dark grey to dark bronze.
In addition there are two double-height plant floors; the boiler rooms on one of the plant floors also serviced the neighbouring Peninsular and Oriental building.
Below the lowest office floor, the design was broken by an open podium which was designed to provide elevated pedestrian access via the City of London Pedway Scheme.
Pedway was an ambitious but ultimately unfulfilled scheme to improve traffic flow in the City of London by means of the construction of a network of elevated pedestrian walkways.
From the mid-1960s to the 1980s, developers of major sites were required to provide access to the Pedway network as a condition of obtaining planning consent.
The requirement was unpopular with designers, who regarded the results as visually unappealing unused space that often provided pedestrians with dead ends.
In the case of this development, a podium-level walkway was constructed that linked the Commercial Union building with its neighbour, the Peninsular and Oriental building.
The structure comprises a central concrete service core, surrounded by a steel framework suspended from projecting steel truss sections at the mid- and roof-level plant floors.
The office floors are suspended from these steel frameworks; the roof section supports twelve floors while the midsection supports thirteen floors.
The steel hangers are installed in alternate window mullions and vary in size: 0.23 m × 0.05–0.23 m. This suspended construction design was aimed at maximising floor space by largely eliminating the need for support columns.
The new piazza in front of the two new buildings was below street level, and steps were constructed on two sides.
In the same year the Commercial Union building was awarded the Structural Steel Design Special Award, sponsored by the British Steel Corporation and the British Constructional Steelwork Association.
This prinia is a resident breeder in the Indian Subcontinent, ranging across most of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and western Myanmar.
It is a common bird in urban gardens and farmland in many parts of India and its small size, distinctive colours and upright tail make it easy to identify.
The northern populations have a rufous rump and back and have a distinct breeding and non-breeding plumage while other populations lack such variation.
In breeding plumage, adults of the northern population are ash grey above, with a black crown and cheek with no supercilium and coppery brown wings.
The song is sung from the top of a bush and males make fluttery display flights with the tail held up.
Several types of nests have been described, including a flimsy cup made by sewing several large leaves, an oblong purse-like structure with grass stems inside it, and a flimsy ball of grass.
The usual nest is built low in a bush and consists of leaves stitched together with webs, lined with hair and having an entrance on the side.
The broad end of the egg is generally darker than the remainder of the shell, and exhibits a cap or zone.
In north India it is mainly June to September and in Sri Lanka mainly December to March or August to October.
The species is believed to be monogamous, and both the male and the female take part in incubation and feeding, though to varying extents.
After an initial South American cruise, she spent the next few years serving off the east coast of the U.S., in the Caribbean, and in the Mediterranean.
Like all but one of her sister ships, she was retired in the post-war defense cutbacks, becoming part of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet in 1949.
In the late 1950s she was converted to a guided missile cruiser, which involved removing all her aft six-inch and five-inch guns and rebuilding her aft superstructure to accommodate the Talos missile system.
She decommissioned for the last time in 1976 (after 20 years and 4 months of commissioned service), and is now a museum ship at Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park.
For the next two months she performed exercises off the east coast and in the Caribbean, before sailing for Europe 4 June.
Between November 27 and December 4, she participated in cold weather exercises in Davis Strait, between Greenland and East Baffin Island, as part of Task Group 20.2.
The cruiser performed shakedown training in the Caribbean, test-firing her Talos missiles to prepare to join the Navy's rapidly expanding fleet of ships armed with guided missiles capable of delivering a nuclear punch.
She relieved , as Sixth Fleet flagship from May to December 1963 as she maintained the peace in southern Europe and the Middle East.
During the months between deployments to the Mediterranean, she operated off the east coast, in the Caribbean, and off northern Europe with units of NATO countries.
In 1967 the Six Day War broke out and she steamed to the eastern Mediterranean as command ship for NATO vessels in the area.
In September, she returned to the United States and underwent a major yard overall in the Boston Naval Shipyard from November 1970 to the Spring of 1971.
Third in line in the parade of ships she transited the northern part of the Canal from Port Said to Ismaïlia.
While plans and funding were made for an extensive overhaul, modernization, and new weapons fit, a boiler room casualty occurred during the summer of 1976 while she was cruising in the Mediterranean.
A field survey revealed the ship's propulsion system was in a significantly dire material condition and would require extensive and expensive overhauls and repairs.
Given the ships age, only minimal repairs were made to allow the ship to transit back to Norfolk, VA. Further survey inspections were made, however it was decided that the ship would decommissioned in the fall of 1976.
A year later the ship was towed via the Saint Lawrence Seaway to Buffalo, NY, where she resides thru to today as a museum ship.
EM gauge (named for the track gauge of a nominal Eighteen Millimetres) is a variant of 4 mm to a foot (1:76) scale used in model railways.
OO was developed in the UK in the 1930s as a response to manufacturers finding they were unable to fit the motors of the time into British prototype small boilered locomotives when scaled at the globally popular HO scale's 3.5 mm to a foot (1:87).
As the scale was increased to 4 mm to the foot to make the locomotives larger, the track gauge was left at , and hence is too narrow (by a scale ) to correctly depict the prototype's track gauge of .
EM gauge was founded in the 1950s, originally with gauge track and rolling stock wheelsets based upon the crude and massively out-of-scale products of the contemporary OO model manufacturers.
With the limitations of modelling at this time, particularly the width of tyres, the largest gauge that could fit within the outline of a scale model would be 18.5 mm, no larger.
This was mostly an issue for steam locomotives, where the popular technique at the time of making connecting and coupling rods from rail required an excessive spacing between wheel faces and the cylinders.
Attempts to make finer tyre and flange standards were thwarted initially by the overscale rail sections available commercially, it being impractical for an individual modeller to make smaller rails – although some did attempt to, by cutting down commercial rail.
Wheelset standards did become more fine in time, allowing EM to evolve into gauge track (for a while called EEM gauge until it was adopted into the mainstream standard).
Some modellers were still not happy with this, it is still a scale too narrow, and developed the P4 standards ( gauge).
Most EM modellers will have started off using OO gauge and having acquired the necessary modelling skills, then advanced into EM.
There are also many 4 mm scale kits which can be used by all 4 mm scale gauges, and since the advanced skills, advanced kitbuilding and scratchbuilding are also common.
An office position at a prominent Parisian theater opened the door for her and within a few years she was cast as Lucienne Boyer, singing in the major Parisian music halls.
In 1927, Boyer sang at a concert by the great star Félix Mayol where she was seen by the American impresario Lee Shubert who immediately offered her a contract to come to Broadway.
Boyer spent nine months in New York City, returning to perform there and to South America numerous times throughout the 1930s.
Boyer lost her soldier father in World War I and had to go to work in a munitions factory to help her family get by.
Their daughter Jacqueline, born on 23 April 1941, followed in their footsteps, becoming a very successful singer who won the 1960 Eurovision Song Contest.
Throughout World War II, Boyer continued to perform in France, but for her Jewish husband, it was a very difficult time.
Following the Allied Forces liberation of France, her cabaret career flourished and for another thirty years, she maintained a loyal following.
At the age of 73, she sang with her daughter at the famous Paris Olympia and appeared on several French television shows.
The Empress State Building is a high rise building on the West Brompton/Earl's Court border in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham (West London).
The building is named after the Empress Hall which formerly stood on the site, and in tribute to the Empire State Building.
It was built between 1958 and 1961 on the site of the former Empress Hall and ice rink as a commercial building and was tall with 28 floors, designed by Stone, Toms & Partners and was briefly the tallest commercial building in London until Millbank Tower was built in 1962.
The Directorate of Naval Shore Telecommunications (formerly the Naval Shore Telecommunications Authority) had their national headquarters in the building in the 1980s and 90s.
In March 2018 the London mayor's office agreed to buy the ESB estate for its MPS operations from Capco Plc, the developer of the adjacent Earl's Court regeneration scheme, for £250 million.
This would be when the camera zoomed from the old West Stand (where the cameras were then mounted) looking over the North Stand (now the North Stand covers up views from beyond it and the main TV cameras are located in the East Stand).
Protofour or P4 is a set of standards for model railways allowing construction of models to a scale of 4 mm to 1 foot (1:76.2), the predominant scale of model railways of the British prototype.
There several finescale standards which have been developed to enable more accurate models than 00, and P4 is the most accurate in common use.
So as well as a track gauge, P4 also specifies the wheel profile and track parameters to use, which are largely a scaled-down version of real-life standards with some allowances for practical manufacturing tolerances.
Broader than standard gauges have been modelled using P4 standards, including Brunel's gauge, modelled with track and Irish P4, the Irish broad gauge modelled in P4 in 4 mm scale with gauge track.
The standards document is hosted by the Scalefour Society and the society's Central London Area Group (CLAG) make a HTML version available.
The S4 Standard removes an allowance in the P4 standards for the tight (compared to the prototype) curves used on model railways.
The wheel back to back in S4 is therefore slightly wider than P4, and the related track work dimensions are dead-scale.
During the next year she operated with the 7th Fleet along the coast of China and in the western Pacific to the Marianas.
She returned to San Francisco, California, on 21 January 1947, and was decommissioned at Hunters Point on 9 April 1948, and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
In response to the American efforts to thwart Communist aggression in the Republic of Korea, she sailed for the Far East 14 May and joined naval operations off the eastern coast of Korea on 31 May as flagship for Rear Adm. Arleigh A. Burke's CRUDIV 5.
During the next six months she ranged the coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula from Hungnam in the east to Haeju in the west while her guns pounded enemy coastal positions.
After returning to the United States on 17 December for overhaul and training, she made her second deployment to Korean waters on 9 October 1952 and participated on 11 October in a concentrated shelling of enemy bunkers and observation points at Koji-ni.
During the next few months, she continued to provide off-shore gunfire support for American ground operations, and in addition she cruised the Sea of Japan with fast carriers of the 7th Fleet.
While participating in the bombardment of Wonsan late in March and early in April 1953, she received minor damage from enemy shore batteries, but continued operations until sailing for the west coast in mid-April.
Her operations sent her from the coast of Japan to the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the East and South China Seas; and with units of the 7th Fleet she steamed to American bases in the Philippines and Okinawa, as well as to Allied bases in South Korea, Hong Kong, Australia, and Taiwan.
During the Quemoy-Matsu crisis in 1956, she patrolled the Taiwan Strait to help protect ROC Army units from possible landing offenses from Communist China.
Stricken on 1 January 1974, and sold on 16 May 1975 (sale #16-5049) to the National Steel Corporation for $1,864,380.21, and scrapped in San Pedro, California.
The flying bridge and a small portion of the bow section of the Los Angeles is on display at the Los Angeles Maritime Museum in San Pedro, CA.
Formed on September 1, 2005 as the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CDERA) it underwent a name change to CDEMA in September 2009.
Such roll out of CDEMA personnel was witnessed for Grenada and Jamaica in early September, 2004 after the passage of Hurricane Ivan.
During the mid-1990s, the sudden eruption by the Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat also caused the CDEMA to spring into action, to provide additional support to the people on the island.
The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CDEMA) also regularly monitors the Soufriere Hills volcano, in addition to the active undersea volcano named Kick 'em Jenny to the north of Grenada.
Towards the end of the twentieth century, severe weather had been increasing, especially in the Caribbean region and the Gulf of Mexico.
Being able to control and minimize the damage caused by these disasters is critical to life in that part of the world.
The world recognized a need to establish an organization to handle natural disasters in that region and in July 1984 the Pan-Caribbean Disasters Preparedness and Prevention Project (PCDPPP) was established.
The Caribbean has battled with independence from its mother European countries for centuries and before the PCDPPP came about the traditional way of handling disasters in the area was though private donors, a method that was heavily dependent on others and failing to help their cause for independence.
The creation of the PCDPPP was a collection of international sponsors such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Canadian International Development Agency, the Government of the Netherlands, and the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO).
The PCDPPP failed to break free from the direct and indirect dependence the Caribbean had towards Europe and the United States.
One significant failure of the PCDPPP was for its participants to fully take part in the organization itself and become more involved with civil society.
In 1989, with the widespread destruction of Hurricane Hugo, a response for a more effective form of natural disaster management and preparedness was recognized.
CDERA would later take a name change to encompass their end goal of not only responding to disasters but managing all types of disasters.
By 1990 the insurance companies were criticizing the PCDPPP and how it was necessary to revamp the system in which the Caribbean responding to natural disasters.
The construction industry in particular was criticized for not enforcing enough standards in structure’s abilities to withstand disasters prone to the Caribbean.
In 1991 the PCDPPP ceased to exist and for about a month the insurance agencies in the region were desperate for a replacement.
In terms of disaster relief and management the Caribbean region was in limbo awaiting a strong force to aid them in a time of crisis.
There were little signs of funding for the formation of such an organization and meeting the deadline of June 1, 1991 of the implementation of a new disaster relief organization was looking doubtful.
In 2003 studies showed how their own developed earlier warning systems in the Caribbean straight from the Caribbean Metrological Organization based in Trinidad and Tobago were reducing the lives loss in disasters.
There was still controversy over whether the people had confidence in this system and they needed to study how the public interacted with these systems for improvement.
In 2005, CDERA was planning to better coordinate with the tourism industry and get them up to speed on preparing a response strategy and a clear plan for preparing for natural or man-made disasters.
Also later that year CDERA coordinator, Jeremy Collymore, started putting pressure on the individual countries of the Caribbean Union to increase their preparedness plan, giving them encouragement to become more self sustainable in case of an emergency.
While encouraging strengthening from within, aid from Japan was used to help develop their community early warning systems and hazard management ability.
With the recent tsunamis in Thailand and Somalia aid was sought from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center to develop earlier tsunami warning systems in the Caribbean.
Although CDERA was looking outward for nations with experience in tsunamis, much studying was done on the subject within the Caribbean at places such as the University of Puerto Rico, the University of the Virgin Islands.
It has been said that some staff members of CDERA lack backgrounds in disaster management and those in charge are low in the bureaucracy’s chain of command.
CDEMA has evolved a lot since its creation in 1991 and taken a largely more independent role of disaster relief for the Caribbean.
It provides a local response effort and management system to handle the increase of natural disaster in the recent few decades.
It was originally a thirty-storey structure high and was completed in 1972, designed by the architect Richard Seifert and built by John Laing.
In the late 1970s, the tower became part of the mythos surrounding the British comic 2000 AD, published by IPC, and the building was depicted as home to the 'Nerve Centre' of its alien editor, Tharg.
In February 2005 the then owners Capital & Counties Properties applied for planning permission with a design by Make Architects to remodel the tower by extending it to 34 floors along with replacement buildings for the T-shaped building at its base.
The new tower was to house 173 apartments, with retail units to be built around the base and the existing podium building increased in height and transformed into new office space.
In mid 2013, CIT requested permission to increase the tower's height by a further 5 floors (bringing the total to 11) which would bring the tower to .
In 2015 the building was purchased by Hermes Central London Limited Partnership who commissioned TPBennett llp to carry out a CAT A fit out design for all of the commercial space, to redesign the retail frontages not already completed and to remodel the entrance to the central street and both of the office entrances.
Sailing with the fleet for maneuvers in the Caribbean, she departed Norfolk on 19 April 1946, returning to New York City on 7 May.
Over the next four years the cruiser periodically received experimental equipment in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, conducted tests of the new equipment while she served as an anti-aircraft gunnery schoolship, and training naval reservists off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.
As she had just entered into a decommissioned status in April (3 months earlier) her reactivation went extremely quickly, and in reality consisted of minor repairs, loading a crew, stores, and ammunition.
Victor Dismukes Long in command and, upon completion of refresher training, became the flagship of Cruiser Division 6 in the Atlantic.
Having also received missile equipment during January–March 1956, she launched the first Regulus missile from an Atlantic Fleet cruiser on 8 May while anchored off the North Carolina coast, and then continued tests of the missile as she completed her cycle of Atlantic Fleet operations.
While on this tour, 19 members of the band perished in a plane crash en route to perform at a state dinner for Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek.
Stricken on 1 November 1969, and sold to the Union Minerals and Alloys Corporation, New York City, on 5 July 1973 and scrapped in Port Newark, New Jersey.
Peter Murray James, OBE (born 19 September 1925), known professionally as Pete Murray, is a British radio and television presenter and a stage and screen actor.
Murray first joined the English service of Radio Luxembourg in 1949 or 1950 as one of its resident announcers in the Grand Duchy, and remained there until 1956.
Murray hosted the UK heat of the Eurovision Song Contest in 1959 and provided the British commentary for the contest itself on both radio and television in 1959 until 1961 and in 1968 and again in 1972 until 1973 for radio, and television commentary for the 1975 and 1977 contest.
In 1974, he was featured on the Emerson, Lake and Palmer live album 'Welcome Back, My Friends, to the Show That Never Ends ~ Ladies and Gentlemen' as the master of ceremonies, at the beginning of the album.
In 2015, at the age of 89, he appeared as a guest on a chat show on Big Centre TV hosted by his former radio colleague David Hamilton.
He once broke down on live television after his son, Michael Murray James, who had been a pupil at Wycliffe College, also an actor, committed suicide at the age of 27, and afterwards he gave talks on coping with family tragedy.
Originally classified a light cruiser, because of her thin armor, she was reclassified, soon after being laid down, a heavy cruiser, because of her 8-inch guns.
She was laid down on 27 June 1931 by Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched on 6 September 1933; sponsored by Miss Grace L. Newton; and commissioned on 19 May 1934, Captain Gordon W. Haines in command.
After shakedown in European waters from July–September 1934 and alterations in Philadelphia Navy Yard, the new heavy cruiser departed on 4 April 1935 for the Panama Canal and San Diego, arriving on 18 April to join Cruiser Division 7 (CruDiv 7), Scouting Force.
She operated along the west coast, aside from a cruise to the Caribbean early in 1939, until arriving at Pearl Harbor in 1940.
She immediately took up patrol until late January 1942 when she joined a carrier task force about to raid the Gilberts and Marshalls.
She screened the carriers during their successful raids on 20 February and again on 10 March, when they attacked Japanese shipping at Lae and Salamaua, disrupting enemy supply lines to those garrisons.
The cruiser was also engaged in the second key battle of the early phase of the Pacific war, the Battle of Midway from 3–6 June 1942, again protecting the carriers task force from Japanese air attack.
Remaining with the carriers, she went to the aid of on 30 August, when the carrier took a torpedo hit, and towed her from the danger area.
As flagship of Task Force 67 (TF 67), she sortied on 29 November to intercept a Japanese force attempting to reinforce Guadalcanal.
The ship was saved however by skillful damage control work and seamanship that kept her afloat and enabled her to reach Tulagi.
There, camouflaged with palm fronds and shrubs to protect her from frequent air raids, she was temporarily repaired by her own crew with the help of a Seabee unit stationed on the island, and was able to sail for extensive repairs at Mare Island Naval Shipyard.
A new bow was built for her during her transit back to the shipyard and was almost ready to be mated on by the time of her arrival.
While there she received a remodeling of her forward bridge and added new radars and numerous 20 mm and 40 mm anti-aircraft guns.
Her first was the bombardment of Wake on 5 October, then from 20 November to 4 December she joined in the assault and capture of Makin in the Gilberts.
In December, she screened a carrier group in the pre-invasion strikes against Kwajalein and Majuro, serving on in the capture of the Marshalls into mid-February 1944.
From 6 September to 14 October, she gave similar essential aid to the capture of the Palaus, her operations at the close of that period preparing directly for the assault on Leyte.
In the preinvasion bombardment force, she entered Leyte Gulf on 17 October, and she downed five enemy planes during the initial resistance to the assault.
With them, she deployed across Surigao Strait that night, alert to any sign of contact with the enemy by the plucky PT-boats and destroyers fanned out ahead.
She fired at once on Kerama Retto, seized first in a move to provide a safe haven for ships during the assault on Okinawa proper.
After months of such action, her gun barrels were worn so badly as to need replacement, and she prepared to sail on 12 April.
She flew the flag of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid as he accepted the Japanese surrender of Korea on 9 September, then patrolled the Yellow Sea, covering the landing of Marines at Taku and Chinwangtao, China.
After carrying homeward bound veterans to the west coast, she sailed on 14 January 1946 for the Panama Canal and Philadelphia.
OO9 is a model railway scale and gauge combination of 4 mm scale and gauge tracks, which models a prototype track gauge of .
It is a common choice in the United Kingdom for the modelling of narrow-gauge railways whose prototype gauges lie approximately between and .
The track gauge is used by N gauge model railways, a common commercial scale, which means that a selection of wheels and mechanisms is readily available.
There is currently minimal commercially available ready to run support for OO9, although a number of manufacturers have started to announce ranges of products, and small manufacturers have made limited runs of models from time to time.
The modeller is therefore generally dependent on kit manufacturers, of which there are many, adapting models made for OO, or scratch building.
In November 2012, Peco announced the launch, during 2013, of a range of ready to run 009 coaches and wagons, based on prototypes of the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway.
Although no locomotive models were announced, in the March 2013 edition of Railway Modeller Magazine, Danish manufacturer Heljan announced an 009 locomotive based on the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Manning Wardle 2-6-2Ts.
In July 2014, Bachmann announced a range of ready to run 009 products, starting with a Baldwin Class 10-12-D locomotive and a number of wagons, primarily used by the British War Department during World War I.
Four versions are due to arrive at Welsh Highland Heritage Railway in April/May 2018, together with open bogie wagons & covered goods wagons.
The building was occupied solely by the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) until the organisation moved to 8 Canada Square at Canary Wharf (that building subsequently became known as the HSBC Tower).
99 Bishopsgate was extensively damaged in 1993 by a truck bomb exploded by the Provisional IRA, which also damaged the neighbouring Tower 42.
The building was fully refurbished over a period of 14 months, which resulted in substantially improved cladding and a façade overrun which increased its overall height slightly.
It re-opened in mid-1995 as a multi-let office tower and is currently owned (leasehold) by Hammerson and managed by CBRE Group.
CBRE has produced an energy performance certificate (EPC) for 99 Bishopsgate which has resulted in a 'C' rating for the building.
The factors that influenced the rating are the impact of specifying energy efficient plant and equipment during refits and the standard of building-related information made available for the purposes of EPC calculation.
A public right of way exists through the building as part of the City of London 'highwalk' system, connecting a pedestrian bridge over London Wall to the walkways around Tower 42.
The Jamie Kennedy Experiment is a half-hour-long American hidden camera/practical joke reality television series that debuted in 2002 and was broadcast on The WB.
The host and star of the show is Jamie Kennedy, a comedian who presented a reality TV format which combined hidden camera with sketch comedy.
The show was a production of Bahr-Small Productions in association with Warner Bros. Television and Big Ticket Television and ran from January 13, 2002 until April 29, 2004.
Kennedy dons one of several disguises and assumed a character of his own creation to be part of the gag, often using a different voice.
Robinson, were held hostage at gunpoint, while the group occupied a television station and parliament, and chaos and looting broke out in the streets of the capital, Port of Spain.
The background for the foundation of movement is a widespread presence of black racism, the division of community on the basis of race, the illicit drug trade and ideology of extremist jihad.
The next step was a development of a militant Islamic discourse which insisted that liberation for especially Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians was only found within the ambit of Islam.
In July 1990, forty-two insurgents stormed the parliament, taking Prime Minister Arthur Napoleon Raymond (ANR) Robinson and most of his staff hostage.
Seventy-two insurgents stormed a local police station, and at 6:00 PM JAM leader Yasin Abu Bakr told the public the government had been overthrown.
Abu Bakr and 114 of his followers were granted presidential pardons, which were later retracted, but no JAM members from the coup have ever served jail time in connection with the attack.
This led to the non-prosecution of its members for this crime despite the contention that the fact that guns and force were used to obtain said amnesty constituted duress.
Subsequent to the attempted coup, it aligned itself publicly first with the United National Congress (in the run-up to the 1995 General Elections) and later with the People's National Movement (PNM), the party which formed the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago until May 2010.
These crimes include drug and gang related killings, rape and the spree of kidnappings for ransom of members of the local upper and middle class.
The organisation's leader is currently being prosecuted with conspiracy to murder several of the group's former members who had spoken out publicly against the Jamaat al Muslimeen and its practices, and who were suspected of becoming witnesses in legal proceedings against its members.
In 2005, The group was suspected of being linked to a series of bombings in Port-of-Spain and also for a group member arrested in the United States for attempting to ship 70 assault rifles from Fort Lauderdale to Trinidad.
As of March 2007, three members of the Jamaat al Muslimeen have confessed to their role in the kidnapping, rape, and murder of a businesswoman, Vindra Naipaul-Coolman.
Currently, these men are under surveillance by the local National Security Agency as well as the United States Central Intelligence Agency for suspected terrorist relations with the Middle East, as are two other Muslim factions.
On 24 July 2015, they escaped and commenced in a shootout in the Country's capital Port of Spain and the Port of Spain General Hospital which put the capital on a lock down and caused the twin islands to be on high alert.
Abu Bakr was investigated in 2007 when the reports of an attempted bombing attempt at John F. Kennedy (JFK) Airport linked JAM to one of the perpetrators, a Trinidadian national.
The report indicated that law enforcement feared violence from JAM amid reports the group may have been moving arms in preparation for an attack on police stations.
89 Trinidadian and Tobagonians’ have already pledged allegiance to the group and a group of Salafists attempted to assassinate the prime minister.
Duncan served as leader of the Yukon Liberal Party from 1998 to 2005 and as the sixth Premier of Yukon from 2000 until 2002.
Duncan was the first Liberal premier of the Yukon and the first female premier in the Yukon, the second woman in Canadian history to win the premiership of a province or territory through a general election, the first to do so by defeating an incumbent premier, and the first to do so by defeating a male opponent.
In the 2000 general election Duncan led the Yukon Liberal Party to a majority government, defeating New Democratic incumbent Piers McDonald.
Early in 2002, the Liberal majority was reduced to a minority after the defection of three Liberal MLAs, Mike McLarnon, Don Roberts and Wayne Jim.
The rationale for the election was to achieve certainty in the legislature, however many Yukoners were angered at the quick election.
At the 2005 Yukon Liberal Party leadership convention, Duncan was defeated by Arthur Mitchell by a margin of 357 votes to 303.
Spanish literature generally refers to literature (Spanish poetry, prose, and drama) written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the Kingdom of Spain.
Its development coincides and frequently intersects with that of other literary traditions from regions within the same territory, particularly Catalan literature, Galician intersects as well with Latin, Jewish, and Arabic literary traditions of the Iberian peninsula.
The literature of Spanish America is an important branch of Spanish literature, with its own particular characteristics dating back to the earliest years of Spain’s conquest of the Americas (see Latin American literature).
The Roman conquest and occupation of the Iberian peninsula beginning in the 3rd century BC brought a Latin culture to Spanish territories.
In the Enlightenment era of the 18th century, notable works include the prose of Feijoo, Jovellanos, and Cadalso; the lyric of Juan Meléndez Valdés, Tomás de Iriarte and Félix María Samaniego), and the theater, with Leandro Fernández de Moratín, Ramón de la Cruz, and Vicente García de la Huerta.
In Romanticism (beginning of the 19th century) important topics are: the poetry of José de Espronceda and other poets; prose; the theater, with Ángel de Saavedra (Duke of Rivas), José Zorrilla, and other authors.
A group of younger writers, among them Miguel de Unamuno, Pío Baroja, and José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín), made changes to literature's form and content.
By the year 1914—the year of the outbreak of the First World War and of the publication of the first major work of the generation's leading voice, José Ortega y Gasset—a number of slightly younger writers had established their own place within the Spanish cultural field.
Leading voices include the poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, the academics and essayists Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Gregorio Marañon, Manuel Azaña, Eugeni d'Ors, and Ortega y Gasset, and the novelists Gabriel Miró, Ramón Pérez de Ayala, and Ramón Gómez de la Serna.
Around 1920 a younger group of writers—mostly poets—began publishing works that from their beginnings revealed the extent to which younger artists were absorbing the literary experimentation of the writers of 1898 and 1914.
By the mid-1950s, just as with the novel, a new generation which had only experienced the Spanish Civil War in childhood was coming of age.
Over the next several years a wealth of young new writers, among them Juan José Millás, Rosa Montero, Javier Marías, Luis Mateo Díez, José María Merino, Félix de Azúa, Cristina Fernández Cubas, Enrique Vila-Matas, Carme Riera, and later Antonio Muñoz Molina and Almudena Grandes, would begin carving out a prominent place for themselves within the Spanish cultural field.
The Roman conquest and occupation of the peninsula, spanning from the 3rd century BC to the year 409 A.D, brought a fully developed Latin culture to Spanish territories.
The Roman philosopher Seneca (1 BCE-65 AD) was born in Spain as were the poets Martial (41-104 AD), Quintilian (35-100 AD), and Lucan (39-65 AD).
While the invasion of Germanic tribes in the fifth century A.D. put an end to Roman Spain, the tribes’ relative lack of advanced culture, including any kind of literary tradition, meant that any written literature produced in the Iberian Peninsula continued along Romanized lines.
The arrival of Muslim invaders in 711 CE brought the cultures of the Middle and Far East to the Iberian Peninsula and ultimately to all of Europe.
During the era of relative religious tolerance that followed, writers such as the Jewish theologian Maimonides (1135–1204) or the Muslim polymath (1126–1198) Averroes penned works of theology, science, philosophy, and mathematics that would have lasting impacts on Hebrew and Muslim philosophy and prove essential to the flowering of the European Renaissance centuries later.
While none of their works can be considered direct ancestors of a Spanish literary tradition, it was out of the cultural milieu fostered by such intellectual energy that the first written manifestations of a Spanish literature proper arise.
Most literature at this time was produced in standard Arabic, though poetry and other forms of literature of the Jewish golden age found expression in Judeo-Arabic or Hebrew.
Other major literary figures of the time include Ibn Arabi, Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, Ibn al-Khatib, Ibn Zaydún and Hafsa Bint al-Hajj al-Rukuniyya.
The earliest recorded examples of a vernacular Romance-based literature date from the same time and location, the rich mix of Muslim, Jewish, and Christian cultures in Muslim Spain, in which Maimonides, Averroes, and others worked.
The Jarchas, dating from the 9th to the 12th centuries C.E., were short poems spoken in local colloquial Hispano-Romance dialects, known as Mozarabic, but written in Arabic script.
The Jarchas appeared at the end of longer poetry written in Arabic or Hebrew known as muwashshah, which were lengthy glosses on the ideas expressed in the jarchas.
This combination of Hispano-Romance expression with Arabic script, only discovered in 1948, locates the rise of a Spanish literary tradition in the cultural heterogeneity that characterized Medieval Spanish society and politics.
However, the Mozarabic language of the Jarchas appears to be a separate Romance language whose evolution from Vulgar Latin paralleled that of Castilian Spanish rather than deriving from or fusing into the latter.
What the discovery of the jarchas makes clear instead is that from its origins, the literature of Spain has arisen out of and born witness to a rich, heterogeneous mix of cultures and languages.
This epic represents realism, because nothing was exaggerated and the details are very real, even the geography correctly portrays the areas in which Cid traveled and lived.
Medieval Spanish poets recognized the Mester de Juglaría as a literary form written by the minstrels (juglares) and composed of varying line length and use of assonance instead of rhyme.
Spanish prose gained popularity in the mid-thirteenth century when King Alfonso X el Sabio of Castilla gave support and recognition to the writing form.
Another work was La primera crónica general which accounted for the history of Spain from the creation until the end of Alfonso's father's reign, San Fernando.
In this work, the Conde Lucanor seeks advice from his wise counselor, Patronio, who gives the advice through the telling of stories.
The principal features of the Renaissance were the revival of learning based on classical sources, the rise of courtly patronage, the development of perspective in painting, and the advances in science.
In the Baroque of the 17th century important topics are the prose of Francisco de Quevedo and Baltasar Gracián; the theater is notable (Lope de Vega, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and Tirso de Molina); and poetry with Luis de Góngora (who is a Culteranist) and Francisco de Quevedo (who is a Conceptist).
The Baroque style used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music.
Enlightenment thinkers sought to apply systematic thinking to all forms of human activity, carrying it to the ethical and governmental spheres in exploration of the individual, society and the state.
In Romanticism (beginning of the 19th century) important topics are: the poetry of José de Espronceda and other poets; prose, which can have several forms (the historical novel, scientific prose, the description of regional customs, journalism —where Mariano José de Larra can be mentioned—; the theater, with Ángel de Saavedra (Duke of Rivas), José Zorrilla, and other authors.
In part a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the rationalization of nature, in art and literature Romanticism stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of nature.
The intellectual movement that thinks objectively and scientifically about the causes of the decadence of Spain as a nation between the 19th and the 20th century is called Regenerationism.
For a group of younger writers, among them Miguel de Unamuno, Pío Baroja, and José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín), the Disaster and its cultural repercussions inspired a deeper, more radical literary shift that affected both form and content.
Nevertheless, it stuck as a way to describe a group of writers who turned in content from the more general exploration of universal middle class values characteristic of Nineteenth Century Realism to an obsession with questions of a more national nature.
Their articles, essays, poems, and novels exploring Spanish history and geography carried existential overtones, expressing overall a sense of deep malaise at the social injustice, political bungling, and cultural indifference evident in contemporary Spanish society.
To be sure, established nineteenth century realists, such as Benito Pérez Galdós, continued to write novels and theater into the second decade of the twentieth century, and, again in the case of Galdós, were much admired by the new generation of writers.
Nevertheless, with the novels of Unamuno, Azorín, Pío Baroja, and Valle Inclán, the theater of the latter, and the poetry of Antonio Machado and Unamuno, a definitive literary shift had taken place—a shift in both form and content—pointing towards the more celebrated experimental writings of Spain's vanguard writers of the 1920s.
Certainly, the terminology possesses a certain organizational elegance and indeed, recognizes the significant impact of major political and cultural events on changing literary expressions and tastes (for example, the 1898 connection, or a 1927 literary celebration that briefly united nearly every major vanguard poet in Spain).
By the year 1914—the year of the outbreak of the First World War and of the publication of the first major work of the generation's leading voice, José Ortega y Gasset—a number of slightly younger writers had established their own place within the Spanish cultural field.
Leading voices include the poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, the academics and essayists Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Gregorio Marañon, Manuel Azaña, Eugeni d'Ors, and Ortega y Gasset, and the novelists Gabriel Miró, Ramón Pérez de Ayala, and Ramón Gómez de la Serna.
While still driven by the national and existential questions that obsessed the writers of ´98, they approached these topics with a greater sense of distance and objectivity.
These writers had enjoyed more formal academic training than their predecessors, many taught within the walls of academia, and one, Azaña, was to become President and face of the Second Republic.
In contrast to Unamuno's existential obsessions or Machado's conceptual, earth-bound verse, Juan Ramón's poetry pursued a more esoteric version of beauty and truth above all, while still manifesting an internalized sense of the existential dilemmas that plagued intellectuals in the first half of the twentieth century.
José Ortega y Gasset became the spokesman for this and essential every generation of writers in the first half of the twentieth century.
Around 1920 a younger group of writers—mostly poets—began publishing works that from their beginnings revealed the extent to which younger artists were absorbing the literary experimentation of the writers of 1898 and 1914.
Poets Pedro Salinas, Jorge Guillén, Federico García Lorca, Vicente Aleixandre, Dámaso Alonso, Manuel Altolaguirre were likewise the most closely tied to formal academia yet.
In their early years their work arises still out of mostly local and national traditions, culminating in their united celebration of the tri-centennial of the death of Golden Age poet Luis de Góngora.
After 1931, the Generation's writing increasingly displays the imprint of the political and social stresses that would lead to Spain's bloody civil war.
The Spanish Civil War, lasting from July 1936 to April 1939, had a devastating impact on the trajectory of Spanish letters.
All but a small handful of the remaining writers had fled into exile, dispersed across the length of the American continent, most never to enjoy the close associations of conferences, tertulias, and theater premiers that had so often united them in pre-war Madrid.
A young disciple and associate of the Generation of 1898, Hernández, like Lorca, became a martyr to the Republican cause but this time as a post-war prisoner, fighting and writing as a soldier poet throughout the war and then languishing and dying in one of Franco's prisons in 1942.
Among his important works, Perito en lunas (1933) from his pre-war surrealist days and Viento del pueblo (1937), evidence of the work of a soldier-poet, stand out.
The published works of this period were true to pseudo-fascist dictator Francisco Franco's reactionary vision of a second Spanish golden age than to the material and existential anguish facing the majority of the country's population of the time.
Cela was to remain for the next five decades as one of Spain's most important novelists, eventually receiving the Nobel Prize for literature in 1989.
By the middle of the next decade, a whole new generation of novelists was latching onto the early models laid down by Cela and Laforet.
However, by the mid-1950s, just as with the novel, a new generation which had only experienced the Spanish civil war in childhood was coming of age.
While still informed by the material social and political conditions of Spanish society, the works of Ángel González, Claudio Rodríguez, José Ángel Valente, José Agustín Goytisolo, Francisco Brines, and Gloria Fuertes among others are less politically committed.
That is, while these younger poets were still interested in talking about Spain, they were at least equally focused on the interactive processes of communication with the reader who was contemporaneously living these experiences.
While arguably pulling Spanish narrative by the collar from the relative dark of social realism towards the aesthetic standards of Europe's most elite avant-garde, many of these novels proved almost unreadable to much of the public, a reality nicely embodied at the end of Juan Goytisolo's trilogy when an already deconstructed Spanish prose gradually transforms into an unreadable Arabic.
The works of Pere Gimferrer, Guillermo Carnero, and Leopoldo Panero, arguably the most important poets of the group, manifest a decidedly baroque style full of oblique cultural references, metapoetic devices, and other forms of extreme poetic self-consciousness spilling into the precious.
Like the works of the New Novelists, this poetry was for a select group of readers, if not exclusive to the poets themselves.
When Franco at last died in November 1975, the important work of establishing democracy had an immediate impact on Spanish letters.
Elitist narrative and poetry quickly gave way to narrative and poetry interested anew in not merely teaching (via content or style) but in delighting.
Over the next several years a wealth of young new writers, among them Juan José Millás, Rosa Montero, Javier Marías, Luis Mateo Díez, José María Merino, Félix de Azúa, Cristina Fernández Cubas, Enrique Vila-Matas, Carme Riera, and later Antonio Muñoz Molina and Almudena Grandes, would begin carving out a prominent place for themselves within the Spanish cultural field.
During the 1980s, Spanish narrative began appearing regularly on best seller lists for the first time since the pre-war era and many of this new generation became literary and cultural celebrities, living off their work as writers with all its blessing and curses, including the obligation to publish or perish.
By the 1990s, the pressure to produce for the large publishing houses was clearly diminishing the early literary promise of some of these writers.
On the other hand, some like Javier Marías, after publishing since the early 1970s, finally achieved international fame, appearing on best-seller lists throughout Europe.
The big money available through novel publishing manifest itself in the 1990s in the explosion of literary prizes, awarded in Spain, unlike the UK's Man Booker or the U.S.´s Pulitzer, to unpublished works.
They were joined during the decade by the Primavera, Alfaguara, and Lara Prizes, the return of the Café Gijón and the Biblioteca Breve prizes.
The former is almost entirely embodied by journalist turned novelist Arturo Pérez Reverte who has managed to merit a certain critical acclaim while topping the sales charts with nearly every novel he writes.
These celebrities range from politically powerful figures like Antonio Muñoz Molina and Jon Juaristi to brief media flashes like Ray Loriga, José Ángel Mañas, and Lucía Etxchebarría.
New novelists whose work is more likely to endure that began publishing in this period include Rafael Chirbes, Belén Gopegui, David Trueba, the Basques writers Bernardo Atxaga and Álvaro Bermejo, the Galician's Manuel Rivas and Suso de Toro among others.
In the final decade of the 1990s, then, arguably five generations of writers—from Cela, to Sánchez Ferlosio, to Mendoza, to Muñoz Molina, to the Generation X authors—were sharing the expanding literary space of Spanish narrative.
Notwithstanding the plethora of prize money that threatened to drown out quality with media-generated noise, the Spanish literary field at the end of the twentieth century was as promising as it had been since the 1920s.
She was launched on 2 October 1937, sponsored by Misses Ann and Mildred Stahlman and commissioned on 6 June 1938 with Captain William W. Wilson in command.
On 23 June, she steamed westwards from Norfolk, Virginia for the Pacific via the Panama Canal, arriving at San Pedro, California, on 16 July for two years of operations.
On 20 May, she departed Pearl Harbor for the east coast, arriving Boston on 19 June to escort a convoy carrying Marines to Iceland.
On 4 March 1942, she rendezvoused with off the Virginia Capes, and then escorted the aircraft carrier to the West Coast via the Panama Canal, arriving on 20 March at San Diego.
On 13 April, they rendezvoused with other US Navy warships, under Vice Admiral William F. Halsey Jr., north of Midway Atoll, and then they set course for Japan.
While shelling Vila airfield on Kolombangara on the night of 12 May, she suffered a powder charge explosion in one of her forward turrets, killing 18 and injuring 17.
Departing from San Francisco on 6 August, she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 12 August to join carrier task forces for strikes on Marcus Island and Wake Island during the next two months.
On 27 May, the light cruiser was a member of the assault force shelling Biak, Schouten Islands, where on 4 June, she sustained moderate damage from a near miss while repelling a Japanese air attack.
She provided fire support for the Leyte Island landings on 20 October, and she remained on station at the mouth of Leyte Gulf until 25 October, guarding the troops on the beachhead and the nearby transports.
The aircraft crashed into her port 5 in/127mm gun mount, with both bombs exploding about 10 ft (3 m) off her deck.
Gasoline fires and exploding ammunition made her midships area an inferno, but although 133 sailors were killed and 190 wounded, her remaining 5 in (127 mm) guns continued to provide anti-aircraft fire.
The closing months of the war were spent providing fire support for the landings at Brunei Bay, Borneo, and protecting aircraft carriers in the Makassar Straits, Dutch East Indies.
Picking up 90 more soldiers in Hawaii, she reached San Pedro, California on 3 December, and then immediately steamed west to Eniwetok and Kwajalein to pick up more returning troops and Marines.
The building has two banks of lifts — the first serving the first up to the fifteenth floor, and the second the fifteenth floor upwards.
Firms that currently use Portland House for office space include American Express, Crossrail, Caxton FX, HomeAway UK, Owners Direct, Direct Ferries Ltd Orbus Software, Increase the Wedge, NetBooster, Somo Global, TradeDoubler, Wunder2, uSwitch, Upmystreet.com, Reef Television, Rentokil Initial, AkzoNobel, Monica Vinader Ltd and Regus.
The building is a five-minute walk from London Victoria station (rail and tube) and a ten-minute walk from Victoria Coach Station.
Retail establishments such as Marks & Spencer, Boots, Thorntons, Zara, Ha Ha Bar and Zizzi have taken retail space in the complex.
Hinton was 15 when she started writing the novel but did most of the work when she was 16 and a junior in high school.
The story in the book takes place in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1965, but this is never explicitly stated in the book.
A film adaptation was produced in 1983, and a little-known short-lived television series appeared in 1990, picking up where the movie left off.
The next night, Ponyboy and two greaser friends, the hardened Dally and the quiet Johnny, meet Cherry and Marcia, a pair of Soc girls, at a drive-in movie theater.
Cherry spurns Dally's rude advances, but Ponyboy ends up speaking civilly with Cherry, emotionally connecting with a Soc for the first time in his life.
Afterward, Ponyboy, Johnny, and their wisecracking friend Two-Bit begin to walk Cherry and Marcia home, when they are stopped by Cherry's boyfriend Bob, who badly beat up Johnny a few months back.
Pony runs out the door and meets up with Johnny, expressing his anger at Darry's increasing coldness in the wake of his parents' recent deaths in a car crash.
After some heated talk, Ponyboy spits at the Socs, prompting them to attempt to drown him in a nearby fountain, but Johnny stabs Bob, killing him and dispersing the rest.
Terrified as to what to do next, Ponyboy and Johnny rush to find Dally, who gives them money and a loaded gun, directing them to hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville.
Days later, Dally comes to check on them, revealing that violence between the greasers and Socs has escalated since Bob's death into all-out city-wide warfare, with Cherry acting out of guilt as a spy for the greasers.
At the hospital he discovers that he and Dally are not badly injured, but a piece of the church roof fell on Johnny and broke his back.
Ponyboy then realizes that Darry cares about him, and is only hard on him because he loves him and cares about his future.
Ponyboy and Two-Bit are approached by a Soc named Randy, Bob's best friend, who expresses remorse for his involvement in the gang war, lacks confidence about the rumble ending the feud, and says he will not participate.
Afterward, Pony and Dally hurry back to the hospital to see Johnny, but he dies moments later and a maniacal Dally runs out of the room.
When the hearing finally comes, the judge frees Ponyboy from responsibility for Bob's death and allows Pony to remain at home with Darry and Soda.
This book has been banned from some schools and libraries because of the portrayal of gang violence, underage smoking and drinking, strong language/slang, and family dysfunction.
The London Hilton on Park Lane is a hotel situated on Park Lane, overlooking Hyde Park in the exclusive Mayfair district of London.
It is tall, has 28 storeys and 453 rooms including 56 suites and a Michelin starred restaurant Galvin at Windows on the top floor of the hotel.
It is a concrete-framed building, designed by William B. Tabler, a noted architect who designed numerous Hilton hotels, and is located on the former site of the historic Londonderry House.
On 24 August 1967, the Beatles met Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the Hilton and subsequently went to Uttar Pradesh with him in order to meditate.
On 5 September 1975, the London Hilton was the target of an IRA bomb which killed two people and injured 63 others.
In September 2016, Hilton Park Lane announced the collaboration with personal stylist Rachel Anthony, offering personalized personal stylist services to its guests.
The hotel is also the site of the death of the Cranberries lead singer Dolores O'Riordan on 15 January 2018, aged 46.
She was the first fully air-conditioned surface ship in the United States Navy, and the last of her age, as well as the last all-gun heavy cruiser in commission in US naval history.
In addition to annual deployments to the Mediterranean from 1950 to 1961 for duty with the Sixth Fleet, she participated in major fleet exercises and midshipman training cruises in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic.
On 4 January 1956 the ship steamed for a tour of duty in the Mediterranean as flagship of Vice Admiral Ralph A. Ofstie, Commander Sixth Fleet.
The ship visited the city of Newport News over the Fourth of July holiday, leaving Norfolk 2 July and returning 5 July.
During the trip from Norfolk to Newport News, 250 dependents took part in the first dependents' cruise in the ship's history.
While transiting the Panama Canal, Rear Admiral Ira H. Nunn relieved Rear Admiral E. R. McLean, Jr. as Commander Cruiser Division TWO.
She steamed 1,225 miles in 40.5 hours at an average speed of 31 knots, arriving on 3 March to provide medical and material aid.
In August 1962, she participated in NATO Exercise RIPTIDE III, and upon the end of the exercise, made a month-long tour of Northern European ports as flagship of ComStrikFltLant, the NATO role of Commander Second Fleet.
Operations from 1963 through 1967 consisted primarily of NATO exercises in the North Atlantic, gunnery and amphibious exercises off the Eastern seaboard and Caribbean, and midshipman cruises.
On 28 June 1965, Newport News entered the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Norfolk, Virginia for a five-month period of refitting and overhaul.
That night, at 2300, she fired her eight-inch rifles for the first time in anger against shore targets in North Vietnam as part of Operation Sea Dragon.
During this period, the ship conducted 156 strikes against enemy targets and, in the execution of these strikes, 325 North Vietnamese coastal defense sites were taken under fire.
During the short period of this engagement, over 300 enemy rounds bracketed the cruiser's position, but she suffered no direct hits.
In support of Third Marine Division forces on the coastal area, the ship fired around the clock for periods sometimes lasting several weeks in succession.
She came under fire of enemy coastal defense batteries on seventeen separate occasions, was frequently strafed with shrapnel, but never suffered a direct hit.
The cruiser departed Subic Bay on 21 April and arrived at her homeport of Norfolk, Virginia, on 13 May 1968, via the Panama Canal.
Combat operations during this second tour commenced on 25 December 1968, focused primarily on providing naval gunfire support to the 7th and 9th ARVN in Vĩnh Bình province and the DMZ.
During the summer of 1972 the ship, along with the guided missile cruisers , and , as well as several screening destroyers, took part in a high-speed night bombardment of Haiphong harbor.
Known as Operation Custom Tailor, it was the last time in naval history a major shore bombardment would be undertaken by multiple cruisers.
As a result, the damage was not repaired and the turret was simply closed off, for the remainder of the ship's career.
During 1973 and 1974 the ship undertook training cruises and visited many ports around the world before being recalled for decommissioning.
During the mid-1950s her forward bridge was enclosed on both levels with roofs and glass windows creating a navigation bridge above, and a flag bridge below.
The biggest change for her came in 1962 when a large deck-house was added midships which gave her enhanced flagship accommodation and office spaces.
This would result in her becoming the United States Second Fleet flagship for most of the rest of her career, save for her gunfire support stints during the Vietnam War.
She lives in San Diego, California, where she initially ran an export business and later occupied a position as marketing director.
Drapers Gardens is a site in the City of London at the junction of Throgmorton Avenue and Copthall Avenue on land owned by the Drapers' Company.
Before the building of a comprehensive sewage system in London during the later nineteenth century the site had been largely undeveloped since Roman times as it was waterlogged by tributaries of the River Walbrook.
During the period from the first occupation by the Drapers' Company in 1544 it was a market garden and place of recreation, After the Great Fire of London the west side was built over.
Over the following two hundred years the remainder of the gardens remained a largely open space but were finally built over in 1873 (except for a small patch to the east of Throgmorton Avenue, now the gardens of Drapers' Hall).
The buildings standing within the boundary of the Drapers' Company property line on the west side of Throgmorton Avenue were demolished to make way for the Seifert Tower.
After completion, the building was leased by the National Provincial Bank and continued to be used by the successor National Westminster Bank until the 1990s.
When viewed from Waterloo Bridge (as in the photograph below), Drapers Gardens appeared as the closest office tower to St Paul's Cathedral.
Conversely, there were those who cited the building as a fine example of its period and one of the few genuinely well-designed towers of the 1960s.
Richard Seifert, its designer as well as the architect of Tower 42, described the Drapers Gardens skyscraper as his proudest achievement.
When the tower was demolished in 2007, it was the tallest building to have ever been demolished in the United Kingdom.
As of 2018, it remains the joint-tallest demolished building in the country, alongside the subsequent Southwark Towers, demolished the year after Drapers' Gardens.
During the eighties it became apparent that Seifert's building was not suitable as a modern office space, and letting income dried up.
The replacement Drapers Gardens is tall with 16 floors, three roof terraces and a pocket park, at it has more floor space than the Seifert's design.
The building’s stepped profile was developed in response to local and long-distance views, and landscaped roof gardens were to provide amenity space for the building's occupiers.
Between the demolition and rebuilding, an archaeological dig by Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd found Roman remains dating from 63 AD to 383 AD.
These included a well with 19 metal vessels in an exceptional state of preservation, a ruler, and the skull of a bear.
L'Abbaye is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, located in the Jura-Nord Vaudois district in the Vallée de Joux.
Of the rest of the land, or 3.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.0% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.8% is unproductive land.
Out of the forested land, 54.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 6.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 9.3% is pastures and 24.7% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the La Vallée District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and L'Abbaye became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.
It has changed at a rate of 5.2% due to migration and at a rate of -1.1% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,226 or 94.0%), with German being second most common (33 or 2.5%) and Portuguese being third (19 or 1.5%).
There were 426 or 32.7% who were born in the same canton, while 154 or 11.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 200 or 15.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 7 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 15 deaths of Swiss citizens.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 5 and the non-Swiss population increased by 9 people.
The age distribution, , in L'Abbaye is; 120 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 170 teenagers or 13.3% are between 10 and 19.
135 people or 10.5% are between 30 and 39, 199 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 188 people or 14.7% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 156 people or 12.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 113 people or 8.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 71 people or 5.5% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 10 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older.
Of the rest of the households, there are 173 married couples without children, 150 married couples with children There were 21 single parents with a child or children.
There were 6 households that were made up of unrelated people and 33 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 627 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.3% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 222 individuals (or about 17.02% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
164 (or about 12.58% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 132 individuals (or about 10.12% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 142 who completed tertiary schooling, 68.3% were Swiss men, 19.7% were Swiss women, 7.7% were non-Swiss men and 4.2% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
128 can be expressed by a combination of its digits with mathematical operators thus 128 = 2, making it a Friedman number in base 10.
The Gathas are in verse, metrical in the nature of ancient Iranian religious poetry, that is extremely terse, and in which grammatical constructs are an exception.
The dependency on Vedic Sanskrit is a significant weakness in the interpretation of the Gathas, as the two languages, though from a common origin, had developed independently.
While some scholars argue that an interpretation using younger texts is inadvisable (Geldner, Humbach), others argue that such a view is excessively skeptical (Spiegel, Darmesteter).
Some other verses are addressed to the public that may have come to hear the prophet, and in these verses, he exhorts his audience to live a life as Ahura Mazda has directed, and pleads to Ahura Mazda to intervene on their behalf.
For instance, some of the passages describe Zarathustra's first attempts to promote the teachings of Ahura Mazda, and the subsequent rejection by his kinsmen.
This and other rejection led him to have doubts about his message, and in the Gathas he asked for assurance from Ahura Mazda, and requests repudiation of his opponents.
The Secret Life of Us is a three-time silver Logie Award-winning Australian television drama series set in the beachside suburb of St Kilda, Melbourne, Australia.
The series was produced by Southern Star Group and screened in Australia from 2001 to 2005 on Network Ten and on Channel 4 in the UK.
Initially co-funded by the two networks, Channel 4 pulled out after the third series and the fourth series was not aired in the UK.
It has been shown in other countries such as New Zealand (TV3), Ireland (RTÉ Two), Canada (SuperChannel3), the Netherlands (Yorin), France (Canal Plus, France 4), Estonia (ETV, Kanal 11), Norway (NRK), Serbia (B92, TV Avala), Russia (TNT, Muz TV), Israel (Channel 2), South Africa (M-Net), and the United States (Hulu).
The show revolves around a group of friends in their mid 20s to early 30s who live in a St Kilda block of flats (the actual block is 14A Acland Street and the rooftop is at the Belvedere Flats on the Esplanade).
Their interaction with one another, relationships with other friends, and romantic interests, along with their personal and career developments, are featured.
The inclusion of a prominent Aboriginal character (Kelly Lewis, played by Deborah Mailman) attracted comment at the time of the series' broadcast, and has since been cited as a landmark in the history of media representations of indigenous Australians.
It was, however, the third series that featured a particularly high character turnover, and included the departure of key original cast members Claudia Karvan and Abi Tucker.
Five main cast members–Sibylla Budd, Spencer McLaren, Dan Spielman, Nina Liu, and Gigi Edgley–left at the end of season three and original lead Samuel Johnson left early in season four, followed by Michael Dorman three episodes later.
The changes were part of a larger overhaul which had the arrival of a new producer, a new script producer, and a new writing team.
The decision had been made to discontinue production after the first three episodes of the fourth series aired in Australia to disastrously low ratings.
In the early 1800s there were more than 60 Alutiiq villages in the Kodiak archipelago, with an estimated population of 13,000 people.
The Kodiak dialect of the language was being spoken by only about 50 persons, all of them elderly, and the dialect was in danger of being lost entirely.
Le Chenit is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the Vallée de Joux.
Of the rest of the land, or 3.1% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 1.7% is unproductive land.
Out of the forested land, 62.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 8.8% is pastures and 19.9% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the La Vallée District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Le Chenit became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.
It has changed at a rate of 4.6% due to migration and at a rate of -2.5% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (3,807 or 88.6%), with Italian being second most common (124 or 2.9%) and German being third (108 or 2.5%).
There were 804 or 18.7% who were born in the same canton, while 495 or 11.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,018 or 23.7% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 27 live births to Swiss citizens and 8 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 36 deaths of Swiss citizens and 5 non-Swiss citizen deaths.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 12 and the non-Swiss population increased by 43 people.
The age distribution, , in Le Chenit is; 412 children or 9.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 486 teenagers or 11.4% are between 10 and 19.
554 people or 13.0% are between 30 and 39, 594 people or 14.0% are between 40 and 49, and 523 people or 12.3% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 508 people or 12.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 383 people or 9.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 252 people or 5.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 49 people or 1.2% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 2,007 households that answered this question, 38.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 13 adults who lived with their parents.
There were 32 households that were made up of unrelated people and 41 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 2,053 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.6% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 12 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.28% of the population), and there were 200 individuals (or about 4.65% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 2 individuals (or about 0.05% of the population) who were Jewish, and 128 (or about 2.98% of the population) who were Islamic.
544 (or about 12.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 257 individuals (or about 5.98% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 408 who completed tertiary schooling, 55.9% were Swiss men, 25.7% were Swiss women, 10.8% were non-Swiss men and 7.6% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
, there were 162 students in Le Chenit who came from another municipality, while 143 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Born in Islington, the son of distinguished neurologist Macdonald Critchley, CBE (1900–1997) and his first wife, midwife Edna Audleth (née Morris), Critchley was brought up in Swiss Cottage, North London, and in Shropshire, where he attended Brockhurst School, a preparatory school in Church Stretton, and later Shrewsbury School.
After a year living and studying at the Sorbonne in Paris he went up in 1951 to Pembroke College, Oxford, where he read Politics, Philosophy and Economics.
In 1953 he was part of a team of Oxford undergraduates lobbying Vickers shipyard workers against nationalisation; the others were Michael Heseltine, Guy Arnold and Martin Morton.
Critchley served as a Conservative Member of Parliament, first for Rochester and Chatham from 1959 to 1964 and then for Aldershot from 1970 until his retirement in 1997.
While he was out of Parliament between 1964 and 1970 he worked as a journalist, including as a TV critic for The Times, and he continued to be active as a journalist and author throughout the remainder of his career.
Having lost Rochester and Chatham in 1964, he stood again for the seat in 1966 election, but was once again defeated by the Labour candidate Anne Kerr.
From the early 1990s Critchley became severely restricted in mobility from complications arising from the polio from which he had suffered as a young man.
After his retirement he was expelled from the mainstream Conservative party for backing the Pro-Euro Conservative Party in the 1999 European Parliament election.
In later life he settled in Shropshire at Ludlow, and was buried in the parish churchyard at Wistanstow near Craven Arms.
Critchley became highly regarded as a witty and acerbic political writer and journalist, increasingly so towards the end of his life.
The Wahhabi War or Ottoman-Saudi War was fought from early 1811 to 1818, between Egypt Eyalet under the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha (nominally under Ottoman rule) and the army of the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, resulting in the destruction of the latter.
The Wahhabi movement is a reformist revivalist movement within Islam founded by Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab that would lead to creation of the Emirate of Diriyah as he and Muhammad bin Saud launched their campaign to reform Islam and consolidate power in Arabia from their power-base, and its eventual crushing by the Ottoman Empire's Egyptian khedive Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
The Saudi amir denounced the Ottoman sultan and called into question the validity of his claim to be caliph and guardian of the sanctuaries of the Hejaz and the Ottoman Empire, suspicious of the ambitious Muhammad Ali, instructed him to fight the Wahhabis, as the defeat of either would be beneficial to them.
Tensions between Muhammad Ali and his Albanian troops also prompted him to send them to Arabia and fight against the Wahhabi movement where many died.
Muhammad Ali was ordered to crush the Saudi state as early as December 1807 by Sultan Mustafa IV, however internal strife within Egypt prevented him from giving full attention to the Wahhabis.
in 1817, Ibrahim Pasha, Muhammad Ali's son, had taken over the campaign, gaining support of the volatile Arabian tribes by skillful diplomacy and lavish gifts, he advanced into central Arabia to occupy the towns of Unaizah and Buraidah.
It was not until September 1818 that the Wahhabi state ended with the surrendering of its leaders and the head of the Wahhabi state, Abdullah bin Saud, who was sent to Istanbul to be executed.
Most of the political leaders were treated well but the Ottomans were far harsher with the religious leaders that inspired the Wahhabi movement, executing Sulayman ibn Abd Allah and other religious notables, as they were thought to be uncompromising in their beliefs and therefore a much bigger threat than political leaders.
Le Lieu is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the Vallée de Joux.
Of the rest of the land, or 3.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.4% is either rivers or lakes and or 1.2% is unproductive land.
Out of the forested land, 56.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 11.8% is pastures and 22.3% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality was part of the La Vallée District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Le Lieu became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.
It has changed at a rate of 5.1% due to migration and at a rate of -0.8% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (703 or 88.4%), with German being second most common (28 or 3.5%) and Italian being third (20 or 2.5%).
There were 251 or 31.6% who were born in the same canton, while 119 or 15.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 136 or 17.1% were born outside of Switzerland.
At the same time, there were 4 non-Swiss men who immigrated from another country to Switzerland and 2 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 2 and the non-Swiss population decreased by 11 people.
The age distribution, , in Le Lieu is; 76 children or 9.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 95 teenagers or 11.4% are between 10 and 19.
105 people or 12.6% are between 30 and 39, 103 people or 12.4% are between 40 and 49, and 118 people or 14.2% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 106 people or 12.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 76 people or 9.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 63 people or 7.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 6 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 361 households that answered this question, 34.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 4 adults who lived with their parents.
Of the rest of the households, there are 109 married couples without children, 90 married couples with children There were 16 single parents with a child or children.
There were 5 households that were made up of unrelated people and 12 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
There were 368 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.5% of the workforce.
Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.25% of the population), and there were 38 individuals (or about 4.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
118 (or about 14.84% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 40 individuals (or about 5.03% of the population) did not answer the question.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
, there were 29 students in Le Lieu who came from another municipality, while 67 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
The band members were guitarist and lead singer Richard Zehringer (later known as Rick Derringer), his brother Randy (later known as Randy Z) on drums, and bassist Dennis Kelly.
When Kelly left for college, the Zehringers were joined by bassist Randy Jo Hobbs, saxophonist Sean Michaels, and keyboardist Ronnie Brandon.
It also is the unofficial fight song of the Ohio State University Buckeyes and can be heard being played at many Ohio State athletic events by the OSU bands.
CHMI-DT, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is a Citytv owned-and-operated television station serving Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada that is licensed to Portage la Prairie.
CHMI's studios are located at 8 Forks Market Road (near Fort Gibraltar Trail and Waterfront Drive) in downtown Winnipeg, and its transmitter is located adjacent to Bohn Road (near Provincial Road 245) in Cartier.
On cable, the station is available on Rogers Cable (corporate sister through parent company Rogers Communications) channel 139, Shaw Cable and MTS TV channel 8.
On Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 384 (Classic) or 074 (Advanced), and in high definition on channel 030 (Classic) or 530 (Advanced).
CHMI is the only television station owned by Rogers that is not part of any twinstick ever since Joytv outlet CIIT-DT (formerly an affiliate of Citytv's sister system Omni Television) was sold to S-VOX in 2008.
No mention of what network it would connect to, but Craig hoped for ease of regulations that would allow him to pull in a network from the US via satellite for programming.
When CKND-TV applied to the CRTC for extension of their signal into the Westman area via a transmitter in Minnedosa, CKX-TV filed an intervention opposing it, saying it would harm CKX's ad revenue.
The station was licensed by the CRTC on May 8, 1986 and owned by Craig Media with a Condition of License that the station would not solicit advertising from companies operating in Winnipeg.
Although it has always been a Winnipeg station for all intents and purposes, for its first decade it was not allowed to sell advertising in Winnipeg.
In the fall of 1999, Craig Media moved the station's production facilities to the refurbished former Canadian National Railway Power House at The Forks in Winnipeg and rebranded the station as A-Channel, joining CKEM-TV in Edmonton and CKAL-TV in Calgary – effectively uniting Craig's non-CBC affiliates under the A-Channel banner.
The sale was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on November 19, 2004, and became official on December 1.
On February 3, 2005, CHUM announced that the A-Channel stations, including CHMI, would be relaunched as Citytv by that fall; the changes took effect on August 2.
On June 8, 2007, the CRTC approved the CTV takeover of CHUM, but made the deal conditional on CTV divesting itself of Citytv (including CHMI) rather than A-Channel.
The CRTC was not willing to allow CTV-Citytv twinsticks On June 11, Rogers Communications announced that it would buy the Citytv stations for $375 million.
When 13MTN began broadcasting in 1986, two local newscasts were presented, one at 5:30 to 6:30 PM, the other newscast from 10 to 11 PM.
Ron Thompson presented the weather forecast from Brandon's CKX studio via a live coaxial cable video link to the Portage studio leased from MTS.
CHMI-DT currently broadcasts 14 hours of local news, which consists of hour-long broadcasts daily at 6 and 11pm since September 4, 2017.
On August 31, 2011, when Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts, CHMI-TV flash cut its digital signal into operation on VHF channel 13.
She was laid down by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, San Francisco, California on 15 July 1940; launched on 23 October 1942; sponsored by Dr. Aurelia Henry Reinhardt, president of Mills College, Oakland, California; and commissioned on 17 July 1943, Captain William K. Phillips in command.
They were removed for the sake of stability and the limited arcs of fire experienced by the wing turrets on the Atlantas.
Joining with three heavy cruisers and two destroyers, she linked up with Task Group 50.3 (TG 50.3) near Funafuti in the Ellice Islands, for support of Operation Galvanic, the amphibious push into the Gilbert Islands.
The carriers launched initial air strikes on 19 November, and in retaliation, a wave of Japanese torpedo bombers attacked the formation on the afternoon of the 20th.
Weighing anchor on 12 February, the ships of TG 58.1 sailed from Majuro and launched air strikes against Truk on 16–17 February, greatly damaging the important Japanese naval base there.
They pounded Palau on 30 March, Yap on the 31st and Woleai on 1 April, before returning to Majuro on 6 April.
West of the embattled Marianas, Task Force 58 (TF 58) sped to intercept a large Japanese surface force approaching from the Philippines.
Toward the end of the battle, as darkness was creeping in, the returning American pilots were scanning the sea for their carriers.
On the 27th, the units gathered at Eniwetok Atoll for replenishment, and on the 30th nosed northwest to the Bonin Islands.
The group delivered a withering air-sea bombardment against Iwo and Chichi Jima on 3–4 July, and by the 5th was speeding south for a return engagement in the Marianas.
Detached from the task group at 1241, the killer band raced at between Ototo and Yome Jima and arrived on the scene at about 1730.
They attacked installations on Formosa and the Pescadores on 12 October and, at 1835, as they were withdrawing, fought off Japanese air counterattack.
They hit Formosa again on 13 October, and again the Imperial Air Force lashed out in full fury as the task force withdrew at nightfall.
By the time she arrived on the scene, the enemy had been repulsed, and the carriers began long range strikes against the retreating enemy.
The rest of the month was utilized in making additional strikes against Okinawa and conducting gunnery exercises with drones and towed sleeves.
On the 29th she shifted back to TG 38.1 under Admiral Halsey and made for Leyte Gulf, anchoring in San Pedro Bay on 1 June.
A thorough overhaul was afforded her at the Puget Sound Navy Yard to erase the effects of long months of battle.
After a stop at Pearl Harbor on the 14th, the light cruiser conducted a two-month fleet exercise in the Marianas and Marshall Islands, visiting Guam, Saipan and Kwajalein before returning to Pearl Harbor on 11 March.
The light cruiser operated out of that port and Shanghai, for the next three months, conducting almost a dozen patrols in the East China Sea.
Tensions were particularly high in May, as communist forces threatened the U.S. consulate at Peking, and American forces in China were placed on high alert.
Tensions eased in June and the light cruiser departed China on 20 July, stopping at Yokosuka and Pearl Harbor before arriving at San Diego on 8 August.
In July 2002, they were installed in the Port of Oakland's Middle Harbor Shoreline Park, on the western waterfront, at the site of the former Fleet and Industrial Supply Center.
From 6 October to 19 October she made a post-war Reserve Training Cruise, to Bermuda, then sailed to Boston and remained until the following March with a somewhat reduced complement.
She embarked midshipmen at Annapolis on the 21st, then sailed for the Canal Zone and the Caribbean on an annual summer training cruise.
Her bell was sent back to Oregon where it is on display at the Museum of the Oregon Territory in Oregon City, Oregon.
She was stricken 1 November 1970, and sold 17 September 1973 to Union Minerals and Alloys Corporation, NYC, and scrapped in Kearny, New Jersey the following year.
Compared to the Mester de Clerecía the authors weren't educated, it treats popular topics, the language is simple and the metrics of the verses is irregular.
The most known examples of the works that can be classified as Mester de Juglaría is El Cantar de Mio Cid and Representación de los Reyes Magos.
The Yazoo land scandal, Yazoo fraud, Yazoo land fraud, or Yazoo land controversy was a massive real-estate fraud perpetrated, in the mid-1790s, by Georgia governor George Mathews and the Georgia General Assembly.
Georgia politicians sold large tracts of territory in the Yazoo lands, in what are now portions of the present-day states Alabama and Mississippi, to political insiders at very low prices in 1794.
Although the law enabling the sales was overturned by reformers the following year, its ability to do so was challenged in the courts, eventually reaching the US Supreme Court.
It was one of the first times the Supreme Court had overturned a state law, and it justified many claims for those lands.
Some of the land sold by the state in 1794 had been shortly thereafter resold to innocent third parties, greatly complicating the litigation.
In 1802, because of the ongoing controversy, Georgia ceded all of its claims to lands west of its modern border to the U.S. government.
The Yazoo land fraud is often conflated with the Pine Barrens speculation, another land scandal that took place in east Georgia at about the same time.
In this case, the state's high-ranking officials were making multiple gifts of land grants for the same parcels, resulting in the issuance of grants totaling much more land than was available in the state of Georgia.
The origins of the Yazoo land scandal lay in the desire of the U.S. state of Georgia to firm up its territorial claims after the American Revolutionary War, and to satisfy a great demand for land to develop.
The territory claimed by Georgia ran as far west as the Mississippi River, and included most of the present states of Alabama and Mississippi (from 31° N to 35° N, excepting only the coastal areas of those states).
Some of this territory was claimed and occupied by Native Americans, and southern portions of the territory were also claimed by Spain as part of Spanish Florida.
Lands along the Mississippi River near present-day Natchez, Mississippi had been settled during the British administration of West Florida, and had a strong Loyalist presence.
The first attempt of Georgia to organize settlement in this area was a 1784 proposal to establish Houstoun County in the Muscle Shoals area.
This attempt never got off the ground because its major proponents became involved instead in an effort to establish the State of Franklin in present-day eastern Tennessee.
In 1785 Governor George Mathews signed the Bourbon County Act, which organized Bourbon County, Georgia in the area east of the Mississippi and south of the Yazoo River.
The state appointed civil and judicial officers for the new county, but under pressure from the federal government, Georgia dissolved Bourbon County in 1788.
The federal government opposed Bourbon County because of the unresolved Spanish claim, and because claims to the area by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Native American tribes had not been extinguished.
In about 1789, a secret society called the Combined Society was formed; the members' sole purpose was to make money by land speculation.
In 1789 three companies, The South Carolina Yazoo Company, The Virginia Yazoo Company (which was headed by Patrick Henry), and the Tennessee Company were formed by Combined Society interests to buy land from the Georgia legislature.
Governor Edward Telfair signed a deal to sell of land to the Yazoo companies for $207,000, or about 1 cent per acre.
The deal fell through in 1792 when the companies sought to pay with depreciated old currency, which the state refused to accept.
The existence of the Combined Society was also exposed in 1792; some of its principals continued to be active in attempts to develop Georgia lands.
In 1794, four new companies were formed: the Georgia Company, the Georgia-Mississippi Company, the Upper Mississippi Company, and the new Tennessee Company.
Their principals included individuals active in the 1789 purchases, as well as leading Georgia politicians such as James Gunn and United States Supreme Court Associate Justice James Wilson.
On January 7, 1795, Governor Mathews signed into law a bill authorizing the sale of the , known as the Yazoo Act.
The territory that was the subject of these purchases included most of the land that had been the subject of the 1789 purchase attempt, and a significant portion of it was resold to buyers in other parts of the country who were not aware of the shaky nature of the transactions.
Senator James Jackson led the reform efforts: Irwin was elected Governor of Georgia and, less than two months after taking office, signed a bill on February 13, 1796 nullifying the Yazoo Act.
In 1802 the state ceded to the federal government all claim to lands west of its present border (which were organized into the Mississippi Territory), along with the ongoing legal disputes.
Spanish claims to the Georgia territory were resolved with the 1795 Treaty of San Lorenzo; Native American claims to the area were extinguished by a series of treaties ending in the 1820s.
During the same period, in what was called the Pine Barrens speculation, the governors and legislature of Georgia made overlapping land grants in the eastern part of the state, effectively granting three times more land than existed in the state.
Michele Mercati (8 April 1541 – 25 June 1593) was a physician who was superintendent of the Vatican Botanical Garden under Popes Pius V, Gregory XIII, Sixtus V, and Clement VIII.
He was one of the first scholars to recognise prehistoric stone tools as human-made rather than natural or mythologically created thunderstones.
Mercati examined the surfaces of the ceraunia and noted that the stones were of flint and that they had been chipped all over by another stone.
He then showed the similarities between the 'ceraunia' and artifacts from the New World that explorers had identified as implements or weapons.
Mercati posited that these stone tools must have been used when metal was unknown and cited Biblical passages to prove that in Biblical times stone was the first material used.
He also revived the Three-age system of Lucretius, which described a succession of periods based on the use of stone (and wood), bronze and iron respectively.
Due to lateness of publication, Mercati's ideas were already being developed independently by other antiquarians, however, his writing served as a further stimulus.
According to legend, its first stones were positioned by Muhammad as soon as he arrived on his emigration from the city of Mecca to Medina, and the mosque was completed by his companions.
Also going along with traditional saying, this mosque is said to be where the first Friday prayer was held, led by the Prophet Muhammad.
Also going along with traditional saying, this mosque is said to be where the first Friday prayer was held, led by the Prophet Muhammad.
When Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil was commissioned, in the 20th century, to conceive a larger mosque, he intended to incorporate the old structure into his design.
The recent new construction of the Quba Mosque that happened in 1984 include many new additions, such as 7 main entrances, 4 parallel minarets, and the 56 mini domes that surround the perimeter of the mosque from an overhead point of view.
Originally, there was one minaret, the new renovations included the addition of the other three minarets, they rest on square bases, have octagonal shafts which take on a circular shape as they reach the top.
A portico, which is two bays in depth, borders the courtyard on the east and west, while a one-bayed portico borders it on the north, and separates it from the women's prayer area.
The women's prayer area, which is surrounded by a screen, is divided into two parts as a passageway connects the northern entrance with the courtyard.
When Quba Mosque was rebuilt in 1986, the Medina architecture was retained – ribbed white domes, and basalt facing and modest exterior – qualities that recalls Madina's simplicity.
Elements of the new building include work by the Egyptian architect Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil and the Stuttgart tensile architect Mahmoud Bodo Rasch, a student of Frei Otto.
In base 10, raising the digits of 175 to powers of successive integers equals itself: 135, 518, 598, and 1306 also have this property.
The minor diagonal gives 260, and in addition a number of combinations of two half diagonals of four numbers from a corner to the center give 260.
263 is a prime, safe prime, happy number, sum of five consecutive primes (43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61), balanced prime, Chen prime, Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part, strictly non-palindromic number, Bernoulli irregular prime, Euler irregular prime, Gaussian prime, full reptend prime, Solinas prime, Ramanujan prime.
If you take the sum of all 2-digit numbers you can make from 264, you get 264: 24 + 42 + 26 + 62 + 46 + 64 = 264.
265 = 5·53, semiprime, lucky number, Padovan number, number of derangements of 6 elements, centered square number, Smith number, subfactorial 6.
Under colonial rule, his Chinese qualification as a medical practitioner was not recognized; he thus had to turn to business to make a living.
In his spare time he continued to offer free medical advice to his compatriots, and to write poems and practice calligraphy—both hobbies of his since childhood.
It was never sold in bookstores, but managed to get the attention of the close circle of Chinese poets in Hong Kong and was widely acclaimed as valuable for anyone seriously interested in Chinese literature and Hong Kong culture.
In 1998, the Leung family decided to publish a sequel to Lang Yin Xiao Cao, compiling his major works written after 1984.
In the same year, the low-profile poet received his first and only prize for Chinese literature from the Hong Kong Government.
Sugar alcohols (also called polyhydric alcohols, polyalcohols, alditols or glycitols) are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, containing one hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to each carbon atom.
In commercial foodstuffs, sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar (sucrose), often in combination with high-intensity artificial sweeteners, in order to offset their low sweetness.
Mannitol is no longer obtained from natural sources; currently, sorbitol and mannitol are obtained by hydrogenation of sugars, using Raney nickel catalysts.
Sugar alcohols are absorbed at 50% of the rate of sugars, resulting in less of an effect on blood sugar levels as measured by comparing their effect to sucrose using the glycemic index.
Despite the variance in food energy content of sugar alcohols, EU labeling requirements assign a blanket value of 2.4 kcal/g to all sugar alcohols.
In addition to their sweetness, some sugar alcohols can produce a noticeable cooling sensation in the mouth when highly concentrated, for instance in sugar-free hard candy or chewing gum.
The cooling sensation is due to the dissolution of the sugar alcohol being an endothermic (heat-absorbing) reaction, one with a strong heat of solution.
As an exception, erythritol is actually absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged through urine, so it contributes no calories even though it is rather sweet.
However, like many other incompletely digestible substances, overconsumption of sugar alcohols can lead to bloating, diarrhea and flatulence because they are not fully absorbed in the small intestine.
The Ga–Fante War in 1811 was a war fought by the Ashanti Confederacy, a powerful Akan kingdom of West Africa that was situated roughly in the territory of the present-day republic of Ghana.
In a series of conflicts, the Ashanti won the initial battles, but were then forced to retreat because Akwapim/Akyem troops had adopted fight-and-run guerilla tactics in the area now called the Akuapim Hills.
The combined Akwapim/Akyem troops, emboldened by their victory over the feared Ashanti, continued to march south on to face colonial Europeans forces.
They captured a Dutch fort and a British fort at Apam and Tantamkweri respectively (both in the central coastal part of modern-day Ghana).
We first used the phrase when we were the house band at a ballroom in Detroit, and we played there every week with another band from the area.
[...] We got in the habit, being the sort of punks we are, of screaming at them to get off the stage, to kick out the jams, meaning stop jamming.
Now, I think people can get what they like out of it; that's one of the good things about rock and roll.
In reference to its hull-like profile, the Ark was designed by celebrated architect Ralph Erskine, for Swedish developers Ake Larson and Pronator.
Erskine, based in Sweden, worked from a small office in collaboration with other trusted architects in order to retain design freedom.
In the case of the Ark, Erskine and Vernon Gracie (who worked with Erskine on Byker Wall in Newcastle) collaborated with London architects Rock Townsend and latterly Lennart Bergstrom in Stockholm.
Planning permission for the building was granted on 19 September 1989; building commenced the same day and the complex was completed in 1992.
In 2006 German property company Deka sold the Ark to Landid backed by GE Real Estate and O&H Properties, who saw the building required a radical refit to make the interior better suited for multiple tenants.
A new double height atrium was created on the ground floor, and a new fifth and sixth floor were erected, while the seventh floor was extended as an open mezzanine.
Alexander Edmund Batson Davie, QC -- referred to as A. E. B. Davie (November 24, 1847  – August 1, 1889) -- was a British Columbia politician and lawyer, and was Premier of British Columbia from 1887 until his death.
He lost his seat in 1877 after a brief stint in the cabinet of Premier Andrew Charles Elliott, as provincial secretary.
Davie returned to the legislature in 1882, this time from the riding of Lillooet, and became Attorney-General under Premier William Smithe.
He went to Ottawa and argued before the Supreme Court of Canada in favour of provincial rights pleading that the province had a right to regulate its liquour sales.
When Smithe died in 1887, the lieutenant-governor asked Davie to become Premier but he fell ill within months and left for California to recuperate.
In his absence, Provincial Secretary John Robson ran the government on a day-to-day basis, though Davie kept in touch through letters.
The Eclipse Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit corporation that acts as a steward of the Eclipse open source software development community.
Created to allow a vendor-neutral, open, and transparent community to be established around the original Eclipse Project, the Foundation provides a global community of individuals and organizations with a mature, scalable, and commercially focused environment for collaboration and innovation.
There are 1,564 committers to Eclipse projects and an estimated 162 million total Physical Source Lines of Code have been contributed to Eclipse project repositories as of September 2018.
Eclipse Working Groups are the collaboration of organizations that combine practices of open source development, with a set of services required for open innovation.
Capella is an open MBSE solution which offers methodological guidance, intuitive model editing, and viewing capabilities for Systems, Software, and Hardware Architects.
The GEMOC Research Consortium supports the international initiative to develop, coordinate, and disseminate Research & Transfer efforts on the use and globalization of modeling languages.
The openMDM Working Group provides tools and systems, qualification kits and adapters for standardized and vendor independent management of measurement data in accordance with the ASAM ODS standard.
Enterprise Members are typically larger organizations that use Eclipse technology as a platform for their internal development projects and/or build products and services built on, or with, Eclipse.
Associate Members are non-voting members who can submit requirements, participate in project reviews and participate in the Annual Meeting of the Membership at Large.
Eclipse Foundation conferences host technical sessions on current topics pertinent to the Eclipse developer and the Eclipse Working Group communities, as well as sessions that demonstrate Eclipse-based tools in action.
The cells of these species are covered in a thin layer of glycoprotein capsular material that has a gelatin-like consistency, and that among other functions, serves to help extract nutrients from the soil.
has a huge diversity in subspecies level each with different molecular types based on their genetic differences, mainly due to different geographical distributions, molecular characteristics and ecological niches.
The colonies on a macroscopic level are cream-color to pale pink, with the majority of colonies being smooth with a mucoid appearance.
While this species is most frequently found in water and plants and is also found on animal and human skin, it is not a frequent human pathogen.
This is important because it violates van Uden’s rule, which states that the yeast strains of a particular species cannot have their maximum growth temperature vary by more than 5°C.
In addition to the six science fiction novels of the Cycle, Dickson had also planned three historical novels and three novels taking place in the present day.
As originally envisioned, the Cycle was to stretch from the 14th century to the 24th century; the completed books begin in the 21st century.
In addition, there are four shorter pieces and three novels that take place in the same fictional universe as the Childe Cycle, but are not part of the core cycle.
This was done by the racial collective unconscious itself as an experiment to see what aspects of humanity are the most important.
The interstellar economy is based on the exchange of specialists, which puts Old Earth, the jack of all trades, at something of a disadvantage.
Other Splinter Cultures include the hard scientists of Newton and Venus, the miners of Coby, the fishermen of Dunnin's World, the engineers of Cassida, the Catholic farmers of St. Marie, and the merchants of Ceta.
The conflict which drives this evolution is the developing war between Old Earth, supplemented by the Dorsai and the Exotics, and the organization of Others led by Bleys Ahrens, with the aid of the Friendlies and a powerful (but largely irrelevant to the psychological conflict) coalition of the technically inclined younger worlds.
The strength of the Others is that they are hybrids of two of the Splinter Cultures (Ahrens is of Friendly and Exotic extraction), and while less capable than the emerging Responsible Men they are significantly more numerous, and more interested in gaining power for themselves (as by Ahrens using his combined background to manipulate the entire Friendly culture to support his war against the Dorsai, Exotics, and Old Earth).
Throughout the series, Dickson's primary interest is the characters, not the hardware, much of which is explained only to the point where the reader will understand how it relates to the people around it and thus share the author's imagery.
During a jump, a spaceship's position becomes infinitely uncertain, and occupies every position in the universe, before resolving again at a specific point.
By the 24th century, a ship could jump directly off a planet's surface, but only the Dorsai are brave/foolhardy enough to do this on a routine basis.
While the Stoner 63 received significant use with the SEALs of the U.S. NAVY up until 1980 (with high praise regarding both durability and reliability, although it was a bit heavier than other comparable systems), the Dally Gun was considered a failure.
Because the cones (which explode on impact) accelerate after being fired from the rifle, they are more deadly at long ranges than short.
Also used are spring rifles, utilizing a 5,000 sliver magazine in a non-metallic mechanism to fire a sliver up to one thousand meters.
Under host-relevant conditions, including low glucose, serum, 5% carbon dioxide, and low iron, among others, the cells produce a characteristic polysaccharide capsule.
In such stained preparations, it may appear either as round cells with Gram-positive granular inclusions impressed upon a pale lavender cytoplasmic background or as Gram-negative lipoid bodies.
Cryptococcal antigen from cerebrospinal fluid is thought to be the best test for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in terms of sensitivity, though it might be unreliable in HIV-positive patients.
However, precise mechanisms by which it passes the blood-brain barrier are still unknown; one recent study in rats suggested an important role of secreted serine proteases.
Filaments of mating type alpha have haploid nuclei ordinarily, but these can undergo a process of diploidization (perhaps by endoduplication or stimulated nuclear fusion) to form diploid cells termed blastospores.
The diploid nuclei of blastospores are able to undergo meiosis, including recombination, to form haploid basidiospores that can then be dispersed.
Cryptococcal meningitis should be treated for two weeks with intravenous amphotericin B 0.7–1.0 mg/kg/day and oral flucytosine 100 mg/kg/day (or intravenous flucytosine 75 mg/kg/day if the patient is unable to swallow).
This should then be followed by oral fluconazole 400–800 mg daily for ten weeks and then 200 mg daily for at least one year and until the patient's CD4 count is above 200 cells/mcl.
Intravenous ambisome 4 (mg/kg)/day may be used but is not superior; its main use is in patients who do not tolerate amphotericin B.
The dose of 200 mg/kg/day for flucytosine is not more effective, is associated with more side effects and should not be used.
However, this does not result in cure, because it merely suppresses the fungus and does not kill it; viable fungus can continue to be grown from cerebrospinal fluid of patients not having taken fluconazole for many months.
An increased dose of 400 mg daily does not improve outcomes, but prospective studies from Uganda and Malawi reported that higher doses of 1200 mg per day have more fungicidal activity.
This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs from 1920 and erupted into full-scale hostilities in the 1947–48 civil war.
Before World War I, the Middle East region, including the Ottoman Syria (the southern part of which are regarded as Palestine), was under the control of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 400 years.
Towards the end of the 19th century, Palestine, which was divided between the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Syria Vilayet and Beirut Vilayet, was inhabited predominantly by Arab Muslims, both farmers and Bedouin (principally in the Negev and Jordan Valley), with smaller numbers of Christians (mostly Arabs), Druze, Circassians and Jews (predominantly Sephardic).
At that time most of the Jews worldwide lived outside Palestine, predominantly in eastern and central Europe, with significant communities in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and the Americas.
The roots of the conflict can be traced to the late 19th century, with the rise of national movements, including Zionism and Arab nationalism.
As a result, the Zionist movement, the modern movement for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people, was established as a political movement in 1897.
The Zionist movement called for the establishment of a nation state for the Jewish people in Palestine, which would serve as a haven for the Jews of the world and in which they would have the right for self-determination.
Zionists increasingly came to hold that this state should be in their historic homeland, which they referred to as the Land of Israel.
The World Zionist Organization and the Jewish National Fund encouraged immigration and funded purchase of land, both under Ottoman rule and under British rule, in the region of Palestine while Arab nationalism, at least in an early form, and Syrian nationalism were the dominant tendencies, along with continued loyalty to the Ottoman state, in the area.
According to Benny Morris, among the first recorded violent incidents between Arabs and the newly immigrated Jews in Palestine was the accidental shooting death of an Arab man in Safed, during a wedding in December 1882, by a Jewish guard of the newly formed Rosh Pinna.
Another incident happened in Petah Tikva, where in early 1886 the Jewish settlers demanded that their tenants vacate the disputed land and started encroaching on it.
On March 28, a Jewish settler crossing this land was attacked and robbed of his horse by Yahudiya Arabs, while the settlers confiscated nine mules found grazing in their fields, though it is not clear which incident came first and which was the retaliation.
The following day, when most of the settlement's men folk were away, fifty or sixty Arab villagers attacked Petach Tikva, vandalizing houses and fields and carrying off much of the livestock.
Certain developments, such as the acquisition of lands from Arab owners for Jewish settlements, which led to the eviction of the fellaheen from the lands which they cultivated as tenant farmers, aggravated the tension between the parties and caused the Arab population in the region of Palestine to feel dispossessed of their lands.
Ottoman policy makers in the late 19th century were apprehensive of the increased Russian and European influence in the region, partly as a result of a large immigration wave from the Russian Empire.
The Ottoman authorities feared the loyalty of the new immigrants not so much because of their Jewishness but because of concern that their loyalty was primarily to their country of origin, Russia, with whom the Ottoman Empire had a long history of conflicts: immigrant loyalty to Russia might ultimately undermine Turkish control in the region of Palestine.
As a result of the extent of the various Zionist enterprises which started becoming apparent, the Arab population in the Palestine region began protesting against the acquisition of lands by the Jewish population.
As a result of a mutual defense treaty that the Ottoman Empire made with Germany, during World War I the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers opposed to Great Britain and France.
The possibility of releasing Palestine from the control of the Ottoman Empire led the new Jewish population and the Arab population in Palestine to support the alignment of the United Kingdom, France, and Russia during World War I.
In 1915, the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence was formed as an agreement with Arab leaders to grant sovereignty to Arab lands under Ottoman control to form an Arab state in exchange for the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans.
In 1916, the Anglo-French Sykes–Picot Agreement allocated to the British Empire the area of present-day Jordan, Israel, the Palestinian territories, and the area of present-day Iraq.
The Balfour Declaration was seen by Jewish nationalists as the cornerstone of a future Jewish homeland on both sides of the Jordan River, but increased the concerns of the Arab population in the Palestine region.
On January 3, 1919, future president of the World Zionist Organization Chaim Weizmann and the future King Faisal I of Iraq signed the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement in which Faisal provisionally accepted the Balfour Declaration conditional on the fulfillment of British wartime promises of Palestine being included in the area of Arab independence.
After World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, in April 1920 the Allied Supreme Council meeting at San Remo granted to Britain the mandates for Palestine and Transjordan (the territories that include the area of present-day Israel, Jordan, West Bank and the Gaza Strip), endorsing the terms of the Balfour Declaration.
Article 25 of the mandate specified that the eastern area (then known as Transjordan or Transjordania) did not have to be subject to all parts of the Mandate, notably the provisions regarding a Jewish national home.
This was used by the British as one rationale to establish an autonomous Arab state under the mandate, which it saw as at least partially fulfilling the undertakings in the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence.
On April 11, 1921, the British passed administration of the eastern region of the British Mandate to the Hashemite Arab dynasty from the Hejaz region (a region located in present-day Saudi Arabia) and on May 15, 1923 recognized it as an autonomous state, thereby eliminating Jewish national aspirations on that part of the Mandatory Palestine.
Palestinian nationalism was marked by a reaction to the Zionist movement and to Jewish settlement in Palestine as well as by a desire for self-determination by the Arab population in the region.
Jewish immigration to Palestine continued to grow significantly during the period of the British Mandate in Palestine, mainly due to the growth of anti-Semitism in Europe.
Between 1919 and 1926, 90,000 immigrants arrived in Palestine because of the anti-Semitic manifestations, such as the pogroms in Ukraine in which 100,000 Jews were killed.
In some cases, a large acquisition of lands, from absentee landlords, led to the replacement of the fellahin tenant farmers with European Jewish settlers, causing Palestinian Arabs to feel dispossessed.
Jewish immigration to Palestine was especially significant after the rise of the Nazis to power in Germany, following which the Jewish population in Palestine doubled.
The Arab population in Palestine opposed the increase of the Jewish population because the new immigrants refused to lease or sell land to Palestinians, or hire them.
From 1920, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Mohammad Amin al-Husayni became the leader of the Palestinian Arab movement and played a key role in inciting religious riots against the Jewish population in Palestine.
The Mufti stirred religious passions against Jews by alleging that Jews were seeking to rebuild the Jewish Temple on the site of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque.
As a result of the Jaffa riots, the Haganah was founded as a defense force for the Jewish population of the British Mandate for Palestine.
Religious tension over the Kotel and the escalation of the tensions between the Arab and Jewish populations led to the 1929 Palestine riots.
In 1936, as Europe was preparing for war, the Supreme Muslim Council in Palestine, led by Amin al-Husayni, instigated the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine in which Palestinian Arabs rioted and murdered Jews in various cities.
In 1937 Amin al-Husayni, who was wanted by the British, fled Palestine and took refuge successively in Lebanon, Iraq, Italy and finally Nazi Germany.
The British responded to the outbreaks of violence with the Haycraft Commission of Inquiry (1921), the Shaw Report (1930), the Peel Commission of 1936-1937, the Woodhead Commission (1938) and the White Paper of 1939.
The Peel Commission of 1937 was the first to propose a two-state solution to the conflict, whereby Palestine would be divided into two states: one Arab state and one Jewish state.
The Jewish state would include the coastal plain, Jezreel Valley, Beit She'an and the Galilee, while the Arab state would include Transjordan, Judea and Samaria, the Jordan Valley, and the Negev.
The 2 main Jewish leaders, Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion had convinced the Zionist Congress to approve equivocally the Peel recommendations as a basis for more negotiation.
Reporting in 1938, the Commission rejected the Peel plan primarily on the grounds that it could not be implemented without a massive forced transfer of Arabs (an option that the British government had already ruled out).
With dissent from some of its members, the Commission instead recommended a plan that would leave the Galilee under British mandate, but emphasised serious problems with it that included a lack of financial self-sufficiency of the proposed Arab State.
In May 1939 the British government released a new policy paper which sought to implement a one-state solution in Palestine, significantly reduced the number of Jewish immigrants allowed to enter Palestine by establishing a quota for Jewish immigration which was set by the British government in the short-term and which would be set by the Arab leadership in the long-term.
The quota also placed restrictions on the rights of Jews to buy land from Arabs, in an attempt to limit the socio-political damage.
These restrictions remained until the end of the mandate period, a period which occurred in parallel with World War II and the Holocaust, during which many Jewish refugees tried to escape from Europe.
As a result, during the 1930s and 1940s the leadership of the Yishuv arranged a couple of illegal immigration waves of Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine (see also Aliyah Bet), which caused even more tensions in the region.
During the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, ties were made between the Arab leadership in Palestine and the Nazi movement in Germany.
In 1941 during a meeting with Adolf Hitler Amin al-Husayni asked Germany to oppose, as part of the Arab struggle for independence, the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine.
He received a promise from Hitler that Germany would eliminate the existing Jewish foundations in Palestine after the Germans had gained victory in the war.
These factors caused a deterioration in the relations between the Palestinian leadership and the British, which turned to collaborate with the Yeshuv during the period known as the 200 days of dread.
After World War II, as a result of the British policies, the Jewish resistance organizations united and established the Jewish Resistance Movement which coordinated armed attacks against the British military which took place between 1945 and 1946.
Following the King David Hotel bombing (in which the Irgun blew up the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, the headquarters of the British administration), which shocked the public because of the deaths of many innocent civilians, the Jewish Resistance Movement was disassembled in 1946.
The leadership of the Yishuv decided instead to concentrate their efforts on the illegal immigration and began to organize a massive immigration of European Jewish refugees to Palestine using small boats operating in secrecy, many of which were captured at sea by the British and imprisoned in camps on Cyprus.
Details of the Holocaust had a major effect on the situation in Palestine and propelled large support for the Zionist movement.
The Committee was to consist of the representatives of Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, India, Iran, Netherlands, Peru, Sweden, Uruguay and Yugoslavia.
The Jews disliked losing Jerusalem—which had a majority Jewish population at that time—and worried about the tenability of a noncontiguous state.
However, most of the Jews in Palestine accepted the plan, and the Jewish Agency (the de facto government of the Yishuv) campaigned fervently for its approval.
The Arab leadership argued that it violated the rights of the majority of the people in Palestine, which at the time was 67% non-Jewish (1,237,000) and 33% Jewish (608,000).
Every major Arab leader objected in principle to the right of the Jews to an independent state in Palestine, reflecting the policies of the Arab League.
The Arab countries (all of which had opposed the plan) proposed to query the International Court of Justice on the competence of the General Assembly to partition a country against the wishes of the majority of its inhabitants, but were again defeated.
Arab gunmen attacked Jewish cars and trucks, snipers in Jaffa began firing at passers-by in Tel Aviv and Jaffa Arabs attacked close Tel Aviv neighborhood.
Murders, reprisals, and counter-reprisals came fast on each other's heels, resulting in dozens of victims killed on both sides in the process.
The Deir Yassin massacre took place on April 9, 1948, when around 120 fighters from the Irgun Zevai Leumi and the Israeli Stern Gang Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, a Palestinian Arab village of roughly 600 people.
The termination of the British mandate over Palestine and the Israeli Declaration of Independence sparked a full-scale war (1948 Arab–Israeli War) which erupted after May 14, 1948.
On 15–16 May, the four armies of Jordan, Syria, Egypt and Iraq invaded/intervened in what had been the area of the British Mandate followed not long after by units from Lebanon.
While Arab commanders ordered villagers to evacuate for military purposes in isolated areas, there is no evidence that the Arab leadership made a blanket call for evacuation and in fact most urged Palestinians to stay in their homes.
Assaults by the Haganah on major Arab population centers like Jaffa and Haifa as well as expulsions carried out by groups like the Irgun and Lehi such as at Deir Yassin and Lydda led to the exodus of large portions of the Arab masses.
Factors such as the earlier flight by the Palestinian elite and the psychological effects of Jewish atrocities (stories which both sides propagated) also played important roles in the Palestinian flight.
The war resulted in an Israeli victory, with Israel annexing territory beyond the partition borders for a proposed Jewish state and into the borders for a proposed Palestinian Arab state.
Between 700,000 and 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from the area that became Israel and became what is known today as the Palestinian refugees.
The Palestinian refugees were not allowed to return to Israel and most of the neighboring Arab states, with the exception of Transjordan, denied granting them – or their descendants – citizenship.
In 1949, Israel offered to allow some members of families that had been separated during the war to return, to release refugee accounts frozen in Israeli banks, and to repatriate 100,000 refugees.
The Arab states rejected this compromise, at least in part because they were unwilling to take any action that might be construed as recognition of Israel.
As of today, most of them still live in refugee camps and the question of how their situation should be resolved remains one of the main issues of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Due to the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, about 856,000 Jews fled or were expelled from their homes in Arab countries and most were forced to abandon their property.
Jews from Libya, Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon and North Africa left due to physical and political insecurity, with the majority being forced to abandon their properties.
While most of the Palestinian Arab population that remained in Israel after the war was granted an Israeli citizenship, Arab Israelis were subject to martial law up to 1966.
In 1966, security restrictions placed on Arab citizens of Israel were lifted completely, the government set about dismantling most of the discriminatory laws, and Arab citizens of Israel were granted the same rights as Jewish citizens.
After the 1948 war, some of the Palestinian refugees who lived in camps in the West Bank within Jordanian controlled territory, the Gaza Strip Egyptian controlled territory and Syria tried to return by infiltration into Israeli territory, and some of those Palestinians who had remained in Israel were declared infiltrators by Israel and were deported.
The Lavon Affair led to a deeper distrust of Jews in Egypt, from whose community key agents in the operation had been recruited, and as a result Egypt retaliated against its Jewish community.
After Israel's raid on an Egyptian military outpost in Gaza in February 1955 killed 37 Egyptian soldiers the Egyptian government began to actively sponsor, train, and arm the Palestinian volunteers from Gaza as fedayeen units which committed raids into Israel.
In 1967, after years of Egyptian-aided Palestinian fedayeen attacks stemming from the Gaza Strip, the Egyptian expulsion of UNEF, Egypt's amassing of an increased number of troops in the Sinai Peninsula, and several other threatening gestures from other neighboring Arab nations, Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt.
At the end of the Six-Day War, Israel had captured, among other territories, the Gaza Strip from Egypt and the West Bank from Jordan (including East Jerusalem).
Shortly after Israel seized control over Jerusalem, Israel asserted sovereignty over the entire city of Jerusalem and the Palestinian residents of East Jerusalem were given a permanent resident status in Israel.
The status of the city as Israel's capital and the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip created a new set of contentious issues in the conflict.
This meant that Israel controlled the entire former British mandate of Palestine that under the Balfour Declaration was supposed to allow a Jewish state within its borders.
At the end of August 1967, Arab leaders met in Khartoum in response to the war, to discuss the Arab position toward Israel.
The original PLO Charter stated the desire for a Palestinian state established within the entirety of the borders of the British mandate prior to the 1948 war (i.e.
The defeat of the Arab countries in the Six-Day War prompted fractured Palestinian political and militant groups to give up any remaining hope they had placed in pan-Arabism.
In July 1968 armed, non-state actors such as Fatah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine achieved the majority of the Palestinian National Council votes, and on February 3, 1969, at the Palestinian National Council in Cairo, the leader of the Fatah, Yasser Arafat was elected as the chairman of the PLO.
The PLO tried to take over the population of the West Bank, but the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) deported them into Jordan, where they began to act against the Jordanian rule (Palestinians in Jordan comprised about 70% of the total population, which mostly consisted of refugees) and from there attacked Israel numerous times, using the infiltration of terrorists and shooting Katyusha rockets.
A large number of Palestinians immigrated to Lebanon after Black September and joined the tens of thousands of Palestinian refugees already there.
The center of PLO activity then shifted to Lebanon, where they established bases to stage attacks on Israel and launch an international terror campaign, largely aimed at abducting airplanes.
The 1969 Cairo agreement gave the Palestinians autonomy within the south of the country, increasing the Palestinian control of the area.
The PLO took advantage of its control of southern Lebanon in order to launch Katyusha rocket attacks at Galilee villages and execute terror attacks on the northern border.
At the beginning of the 1970s the Palestinian terror organizations, headed by the PLO and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine waged an international terror campaign against Israelis, primarily in Europe.
In an attempt to publicize the Palestinian cause, frustrated Palestinian guerrilla groups in Lebanon attacked Israeli civilian 'targets' like schools, buses and apartment blocks, with occasional attacks abroad—for example, at embassies or airports—and with the hijacking of airliners.
The peak of the Palestinian terrorism wave against Israelis occurred in 1972 and took form in several acts of terrorism, most prominently the Sabena Flight 572 hijacking, the Lod Airport massacre and the Munich massacre.
Hussein conditioned the establishment of the UAK on a treaty between Jordan and Israel in which Israel would concede the control of East Jerusalem to the Jordanian-Palestinian federation so that it would become the capital of the Palestinian Arab federal district.
The plan was eventually ruled out after the PLO and other Arab states strongly opposed the plan and after Israel rejected the notion of transferring the control of East Jerusalem to such a federation.
The 1972 also saw increasing Soviet involvement, with KGB and Securitate organizing trainings on covert bombing and plane hijacking for PLO, as well as publishing of propaganda (such as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion) in Arabic language to further fuel the conflict.
Other notable events include the hijacking of several civilian airliners, the Savoy Hotel attack, the Zion Square explosive refrigerator and the Coastal Road massacre.
During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Israel suffered attacks from PLO bases in Lebanon, such as the Avivim school bus massacre in 1970 and the Ma'alot massacre in 1974 in which Palestinians attacked a school in Ma'alot killing twenty-two children.
The Yom Kippur War paved the way for the Camp David Accords in 1978, which set a precedent for future peace negotiations.
The program implied that the liberation of Palestine may be partial (at least, at some stage), and though it emphasized armed struggle, it did not exclude other means.
In the mid-1970s many attempts were made by Gush Emunim movement to establish outposts or resettle former Jewish areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
However, in the absence of peace talks to determine the future of these and other occupied territories, Israel ceased enforcement of the original ban on settlement, which led to the founding of the first settlements in these regions.
In July 1976, an Air France plane carrying 260 people was hijacked by Palestinian and German terrorists and flown to Uganda.
The rise of the Likud party to the government in 1977 led to the establishment of a large number of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
On March 11, 1978, a force of nearly a dozen armed Palestinian terrorists landed their boats near a major coastal road in Israel.
In response, the IDF launched Operation Litani three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the Litani River.
During the years following operation Litani, many diplomatic efforts were made which tried to end the war on the Israeli–Lebanese border, including the effort of Philip Habib, the emissary of Ronald Reagan who in the summer of 1981 managed to arrange a lasting cease-fire between Israel and the PLO which lasted about a year.
Israel ended the ceasefire after an assassination attempt on the Israeli Ambassador in Britain, Shlomo Argov, in mid-1982 (which was made by Abu Nidal's organization that was ostracized from the PLO).
This led Israel to invade Lebanon in the 1982 Lebanon War on June 6, 1982 with the aim to protect the North of Israel from terrorist attacks.
To end the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for Arafat and Fatah – guarded by a multinational force – to exile in Tunis.
During the war, Israeli allied Phalangist Christian Arab militias carried out the bloody Sabra and Shatila Massacre in which 700-3,500 unarmed Palestinians were killed by the Phalangist militias while the Israeli troops surrounded the camps with tanks and checkpoints, monitoring entrances and exits.
For its involvement in the Lebanese war and its indirect responsibility for the Sabra and Shatila Massacre, Israel was heavily criticized, including from within.
An Israeli Commission of Inquiry found that Israeli military personnel, among them defense minister and future prime minister Ariel Sharon, had several times become aware that a massacre was in progress without taking serious steps to stop it, leading to his resignation as Israel's Defense Minister.
Following the wave of terror attacks including the murder on MS Achille Lauro in October 1985, Israel bombed the PLO commandership in Tunis during Operation Wooden Leg.
According to information obtained from the Israeli Department of Defense, Israel revoked the residency status of more than 100,000 residents of the Gaza Strip and of around 140,000 residents of the West Bank during the 27 years between Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967 and the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1994.
Working in secret, the Israeli government revoked the residency status of Palestinians who studied or lived abroad for longer than a period of time and the revocations have barred nearly a quarter of a million Palestinians and their descendants from returning to Israel/Palestine.
The first Palestinian Intifada (uprising) erupted in December 1987 and lasted until the Madrid Conference of 1991, despite Israeli attempts to suppress it.
It was a partially spontaneous uprising, but by January 1988, it was already under the direction from the PLO headquarters in Tunis, which carried out ongoing terrorist attacks targeting Israeli civilians.
On November 15, 1988, a year after the outbreak of the first intifada, the PLO declared the establishment of the Palestinian state from Algiers, Algeria.
During the Gulf War in 1990–91, Arafat supported Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait and opposed the US-led coalition attack on Iraq.
The policy which partly led to this exodus was a response to the alignment of PLO leader Yasser Arafat with Saddam Hussein.
Many in the US also used Arafat's position as a reason to disregard his claims to being a partner for peace.
After the end of hostilities, many Arab states that backed the coalition cut off funds to the PLO which brought the PLO to the brink of crisis.
In the aftermath of the 1991 Gulf War, the coalition's victory in the Gulf War opened a new opportunity to advance the peace process.
The Madrid peace conference was an early attempt by the international community to start a peace process through negotiations involving Israel and the Palestinians, as well as Arab countries including Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan.
The Palestinian team due to Israeli objections, was initially formally a part of a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation and consisted of Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza without open PLO associations.
On September 9, 1993, Yasser Arafat sent a letter to Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, stating that the PLO officially recognized Israel's right to exist and officially renouncing terrorism.
On September 13, Arafat and Rabin signed a Declaration of Principles in Washington, D.C., on the basis of the negotiations between Israeli and Palestinian teams in Oslo, Norway.
The declaration was a major conceptual breakthrough achieved outside of the Madrid framework, which specifically barred foreign-residing PLO leaders from the negotiation process.
During the Oslo peace process throughout the 1990s, as both sides obligated to work towards a two-state solution, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization negotiated, unsuccessfully, and tried to reach to a mutual agreement.
One of the main features of the Oslo Peace Process was the establishment of the autonomous governmental authority, the Palestinian Authority and its associated governing institutions to administer Palestinian communities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
During the Oslo peace process throughout the 1990s, the Palestinian Authority was ceded authority from Israel over various regions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
It also gave the Palestinian Authority many of the components of a modern government and society, including a Palestinian police force, legislature, and other institutions.
In return for these concessions, the Palestinian Authority was asked to promote tolerance for Israel within Palestinian society, and acceptance of Israel's right to exist.
One of the most contentious issues surrounding this peace process is whether the Palestinian Authority in fact met its obligations to promote tolerance.
Palestinians stated that any terrorist acts stemmed from Israel not having conceded enough land and political power to win support among ordinary Palestinians.
Israelis stated that these acts of terrorism were because the Palestinian Authority openly encouraged and supported incitement against Israel, and terrorism.
There was increasing disagreement and debate among Israelis about the amount of positive results and benefits produced by the Oslo process.
Opponents said that concessions were merely emboldening extremist elements to commit more violence in order to win further concessions, without providing any real acceptance, benefits, goodwill, or reconciliation for Israel in return.
In February 1994, Baruch Goldstein, a follower of the Kach party, murdered 29 Palestinians and wounded 125 at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, which became known as the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre.
As an act of revenge to the massacre, in April 1994, Hamas launched suicide attacks targeting the Israeli civilian population in many locations throughout Israel, however, once the Hamas started to use these means it became a regular pattern of action against Israel.
On September 28, 1995, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat signed the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in Washington.
The agreement allowed the PLO leadership to relocate to the occupied territories and granted autonomy to the Palestinians with talks to follow regarding final status.
However the agreement was opposed by the Hamas and other Palestinian factions, whom at this point were already committing suicide bomber attacks throughout Israel.
Tensions in Israel, arising from the continuation of terrorism and anger at loss of territory, led to the assassination of Prime Minister Rabin by a right-wing Jewish radical on November 4, 1995.
In 1996, increasing Israeli doubts about the peace process, led to Benjamin Netanyahu of the Likud Party winning the election, mainly due to his promise to use a more rigid line in the negotiations with the Palestinian Authority.
One of his main points was disagreement with the Oslo premise that the negotiations should proceed in stages, meaning that concessions should be made to Palestinians before any resolution was reached on major issues, such as the status of Jerusalem, and the amending of the Palestinian National Charter.
Oslo supporters had claimed that the multi-stage approach would build goodwill among Palestinians and would propel them to seek reconciliation when these major issues were raised in later stages.
In January 1997, Netanyahu signed the Hebron Protocol with the Palestinian Authority, resulting in the redeployment of Israeli forces in Hebron and the turnover of civilian authority in much of the area to the Palestinian Authority.
In 1997, after two deadly suicide attacks in Jerusalem by Hamas, Israeli secret agents were sent to Jordan to eliminate the political head of the Department of Hamas, Khaled Mashal, using a special poison.
In return for their release Israel sent over the medicine which saved his life and freed a dozen of Palestinian prisoners including Sheikh Ahmad Yassin.
This release and the increase of the security forces of the Palestinian Authority led to a cease-fire in the suicide attacks until the outbreak of the Second Intifada.
Eventually, the lack of progress of the peace process led to new negotiations, which produced the Wye River Memorandum, which detailed the steps to be taken by the Israeli government and Palestinian Authority to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 1995.
It was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, and on November 17, 1998, Israel's 120 member parliament, the Knesset, approved the Wye River Memorandum by a vote of 75–19.
Barak was prepared to offer the entire Gaza Strip, a Palestinian capital in a part of East Jerusalem, 73% of the West Bank (excluding eastern Jerusalem) raising to 90–94% after 10–25 years, and financial reparations for Palestinian refugees for peace.
After the signing of the Oslo Accords failed to bring about a Palestinian state, in September 2000 the Second Intifada (uprising) broke out, a period of intensified Palestinian–Israeli violence, which has been taking place until the present day.
The Second Intifada has caused thousands of victims on both sides, both among combatants and among civilians, and has been more deadly than the first Intifada.
Many Palestinians consider the Second Intifada to be a legitimate war of national liberation against foreign occupation, whereas many Israelis consider it to be a terrorist campaign.
The failure of the peace process and the eruption of the Second Intifada, which included increased Palestinian terror attacks being made against Israeli civilians, led much of the Israeli public and political leadership to lose confidence in the Palestinian Authority as a peace partner.
Due to an increase in terror attacks during the Second Intifada, mainly carried out by Hamas against Israeli civilians, Israeli troops began conducting regular raids and arrests inside the West Bank.
Initially this policy was aimed at active militants but later on it was also aimed at the Hamas leadership as well, including Sheikh Ahmad Yassin.
Due to the deterioration of the political situation, he refused to continue negotiations with the Palestinian Authority at the Taba Summit, or under any aspect of the Oslo Accords.
Later on the proposal was formulated as a political plan widely accepted by all Arab states as well as the Arab League.
As part of this plan all Arab states would normalize their relations with Israel and bring to an end to the Arab–Israeli conflict in exchange for a full Israeli withdrawal from the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and West Bank (including East Jerusalem).
Israel rejected the wording of the initiative, but official spokespersons expressed gladness about an Arab initiative for peace and Israel's normalization in the region.
Following a period of relative restraint on the part of Israel, after a lethal suicide attack in the Park Hotel in Netanya which happened on March 27, 2002, in which 30 Jews were murdered, Sharon ordered Operation Defensive Shield, a large-scale military operation carried out by the Israel Defense Forces between March 29 until May 10, 2002 in Palestinian cities in the West Bank.
However, this barrier became a major issue of contention between the two sides as 85% of the wall is within territory that is Palestinian according to the 1948 Green Line.
Following the severe economic and security situation in Israel, the Likud Party headed by Ariel Sharon won the Israeli elections in January 2003 in an overwhelming victory.
The elections led to a temporary truce between Israel and the Palestinians and to the Aquba summit in the May 2003 in which Sharon endorsed the Road map for peace put forth by the United States, European Union, and Russia, which opened a dialogue with Mahmoud Abbas, and announced his commitment to the creation of a Palestinian state in the future.
Following the endorsing of the Road Map, the Quartet on the Middle East was established, consisting of representatives from the United States, Russia, EU and UN as an intermediary body of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
The rest of Abbas's term as prime minister continued to be characterized by numerous conflicts between him and Arafat over the distribution of power between the two.
This led to a power struggle with Arafat over control of the Palestinian security services; Arafat refused to release control to Abbas, thus preventing him from using them in a crackdown on militants.
In the end of 2003, Sharon embarked on a course of unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, while maintaining control of its coastline and airspace.
Sharon's plan has been welcomed by both the Palestinian Authority and Israel's left wing as a step towards a final peace settlement.
However, it has been greeted with opposition from within his own Likud party and from other right-wing Israelis, on national security, military, and religious grounds.
Between August 16 and 30, 2005, Sharon controversially expelled 9,480 Jewish settlers from 21 settlements in Gaza and four settlements in the northern West Bank.
Following the withdrawal, the Israeli town of Sderot and other Israeli communities near the Gaza strip became subject to constant shelling and mortar bomb attacks from Gaza with only minimal Israeli response.
Following the November 2004 death of long-time Fatah party PLO leader Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat, Fatah member Mahmoud Abbas was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority in January 2005.
One key allegation which emerged against the Palestinian Authority after Arafat's death was that over the years Arafat and Fatah officials had received billions of dollars in aid from foreign nations and organizations and had never used this money to develop Palestinian society.
These allegations gradually grew in prominence, which increased Palestinian popular support for the group Hamas, which was often perceived by the Palestinian society as being more efficient and honest, primarily because it had built various institutions and social services.
Hamas also stated clearly that it did not recognize Israel's right to exist and did not accept the Oslo peace process nor any other peace process with Israel.
in addition, Hamas has openly stated through the years that it has encouraged and organized acts of terrorism against Israelis over the years.
The strengthening of the Hamas organization amongst the Palestinians, the gradual disintegration of the Palestinian Authority and the Fatah organization, and the Israeli disengagement plan and especially the death of Yasser Arafat led to the policy change of the Hamas movement in early 2005 which started putting greater emphasis to its political characteristics of the organization.
The conference marked the first time a two-state solution was articulated as the mutually agreed-upon outline for addressing the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
In 2006 Palestinian legislative elections Hamas won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council, prompting the United States and many European countries to cut off all funds to the Hamas and the Palestinian Authority insisting that the Hamas must recognize Israel, renounce violence and accept previous peace pacts.
Israel refused to negotiate with Hamas, since Hamas never renounced its beliefs that Israel has no right to exist and that the entire State of Israel is an illegal occupation which must be wiped out.
EU countries and the United States threatened an economic boycott if Hamas will not recognize Israel's existence, not renounce terrorism and shall support the peace agreements signed between the PLO and Israel in the past.
Hamas officials have openly stated that the organization does not recognize Israel's right to exist, even though the organization expressed openness to hold a long-term truce.
Hamas is considered by Israel and 12 other countries to be a terrorist organization and therefore not entitled to participate in formal peace negotiations.
In June 2006 during a well-planned operation, Hamas managed to cross the border from Gaza, attack an Israeli tank, kill two IDF soldiers and kidnap wounded Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit back into the Gaza Strip.
Following the incident and in response to numerous rocket firings by Hamas from the Gaza Strip into southern Israel, fighting broke out between Hamas and Israel in the Gaza Strip (see 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict).
In the summer of 2007 a Fatah–Hamas conflict broke out, which eventually led Hamas taking control of the Gaza strip, which in practice divided the Palestinian Authority into two.
Fatah remained in control of the West Bank, and President Abbas formed a new governing coalition, which some critics of Fatah said subverts the Palestinian Constitution and excludes the majority government of Hamas.
Hamas blamed Israel for not lifting the Gaza Strip blockade, and for an Israeli raid on a purported tunnel, crossing the border into the Gaza Strip from Israel on November 4, which it held constituted a serious breach of the truce.
The Israeli operation began with an intense bombardment of the Gaza Strip, targeting Hamas bases, police training camps, police headquarters and offices.
Hamas intensified its rocket and mortar attacks against targets in Israel throughout the conflict, hitting previously untargeted cities such as Beersheba and Ashdod.
On November 14, 2012 Israel began Operation Pillar of Defense in the Gaza Strip with the stated aims being to halt the indiscriminate rocket attacks originating from the Gaza Strip and to disrupt the capabilities of militant organizations.
The IDF stated it targeted more than 1,500 military sites in Gaza Strip, including rocket launching pads, smuggling tunnels, command centers, weapons manufacturing, and storage buildings.
According to Palestinians sources civilian houses were hit and Gaza Health officials state that 167 Palestinians had been killed in the conflict by November 23.
The Palestinian militant groups fired over 1,456 Iranian Fajr-5, Russian Grad rockets, Qassams and mortars into Rishon LeZion, Beersheba, Ashdod, Ashkelon and other population centers; Tel Aviv was hit for the first time since the 1991 Gulf War, and rockets were aimed at Jerusalem.
The rockets killed four Israeli civilians – three of them in a direct hit on a home in Kiryat Malachi – two Israeli soldiers, and a number of Palestinian civilians.
Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system intercepted about 421 rockets, another 142 rockets fell on Gaza itself, 875 rockets fell in open areas, and 58 rockets hit urban areas in Israel.
In October 2011, a deal was reached between Israel and Hamas, by which the captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit would be released in exchange for 1,027 Palestinians and Arab-Israeli prisoners, 280 of whom had been sentenced to life in prison for planning and perpetrating various terror attacks against Israeli targets.
The military Hamas leader Ahmed Jabari was quoted later as confirming that the prisoners released as part of the deal were collectively responsible for the killing of 569 Israeli civilians.
Since 2009, the Obama administration has repeatedly pressured the Israeli government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to freeze the growth of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and reignite the peace process between Israel and the Palestinian people.
Netanyahu stated that he would accept a Palestinian state if Jerusalem were to remain the united capital of Israel, the Palestinians would have no army, and the Palestinians would give up their demand for a right of return.
Israel's decision was widely seen as due to pressure from the Obama administration, which urged the sides to seize the opportunity to resume talks.
Nevertheless, soon afterwards, when Israeli partial moratorium on settlement construction in the West Bank was about to expire, the Palestinian leadership announced that they plan to leave the negotiations if the moratorium is not renewed.
Later on Israel offered to renew the moratorium in exchange for a Palestinian Authority recognition of Israel as the national homeland of the Jewish people.
During September 2011 the Palestinian Authority led a diplomatic campaign aimed at getting recognition of the State of Palestine within the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital, by the Sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly.
On September 23 President Mahmoud Abbas submitted a request to recognize the State of Palestine as the 194th UN member to the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
In 2012, the Palestinian Authority applied for admission as a United Nations non-member state, which requires only a majority vote by the United Nations General Assembly.
Israel indicated that an actual, real-world Palestinian state can only come into existence if Palestinians succeed in negotiating peace with Israel.
The following section presents the demographic history of the Jewish and Arab populations in Palestine, Israel and the Palestinian territories spanning through the last two centuries which has been taken from census results and official documents which mention demographic composition.
Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen (; – ), a Russian naval officer, cartographer and explorer of Baltic German extraction, who ultimately rose to the rank of admiral.
He participated in the First Russian circumnavigation of the globe and subsequently became a leader of another circumnavigation expedition that discovered the continent of Antarctica.
As a prominent cartographer, Bellingshausen was appointed to command the Russian circumnavigation of the globe in 1819–1821, intended to explore the Southern Ocean and to find land in the proximity of the South Pole.
During this expedition Bellingshausen and Lazarev became the first explorers to see the land of Antarctica on 27 January 1820 (New Style).
The expedition discovered and named Peter I Island, Zavodovski, Leskov and Visokoi Islands, the Antarctic Peninsula and Alexander Island (Alexander Coast), and made other discoveries in the tropical waters of the Pacific.
Promoted to vice-admiral, he again served in the Baltic Fleet in 1830s, and from 1839 he was the military governor of Kronstadt, where he died.
Multiple geographical features and locations in the Antarctic, named in honor of Bellingshausen, commemorate his role in the exploration of the southern polar region.
Bellingshausen was born to a Baltic German noble Bellingshausen family in the , Ösel County in the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire; now Saare County, Estonia.
When Emperor Alexander I authorized an expedition to the south polar region in 1819, the authorities selected Bellingshausen to lead it as an experienced captain and explorer, and a prominent cartographer.
Banks had sailed with Captain James Cook fifty years earlier and supplied the Russians with books and charts for their expedition.
Leaving Portsmouth on 5 September 1819 the expedition crossed the Antarctic Circle (the first to do so since Cook) on 26 January 1820 (New Style).
Jones concluded that Bellingshausen, rather than the Royal Navy's Edward Bransfield on 30 January 1820 or the American Nathaniel Palmer on 17 November 1820, was indeed the discoverer of the sought-after Terra Australis.
During the voyage Bellingshausen also visited Ship Cove in New Zealand, the South Shetland Islands, and discovered and named Peter I, Zavodovski, Leskov and Visokoi Islands, and a peninsula of the Antarctic mainland that he named the Alexander Coast but that has more recently borne the designation of Alexander Island.
He became the military governor of Kronstadt, the naval base at the approaches of St Petersburg, from 1839, and died there in 1852.
In the Antarctic, multiple geographical features and locations, named in honor of Bellingshausen, remind of his role in exploration of the southern polar region.
1197 – before 1264) was a Castilian poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo, close to the major Benedictine monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla.
Gonzalo is recorded as being a deacon in his home parish in the early 1220s, and as a priest from 1237 on.
It has been surmised that he may have studied in the nascent university of Palencia, and may have served in the curia of the bishop of Calahorra.
These three saints have a strong regional attachment: Aemilian, a Visigothic saint, was patron of the nearby monastery; Dominic, 11th century abbot of Silos and one of the most important saints in thirteenth-century Iberia, was born in the town of Cañas, near to Berceo; and Aurea was an anchoress who lived in the monastery of San Millán during the late eleventh century.
His proximity to San Millán and his composition of hagiographies which seem to support the monastery's interests, have led him to be considered a propagandist for the narrow interests of the monastery of San Millán.
This view has been propounded above all by Professor Brian Dutton, editor of Gonzalo de Berceo's collected works, although some critics (notably Fernando Baños and Isabel Uría Maqua) have taken a view which presents the poet as less motivated by his concerns for the monastery; others (particularly Gregory Andrachuk) have linked him to the Lateran reforms.
He developed the planar process, an important technology for reliably fabricating and manufacturing semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits.
in Mathematics from the University of Geneva and two Ph.D.s in Physics; one from the University of Geneva and the other from the University of Cambridge.
In 1952, he moved to the United States to work at the California Institute of Technology, where he became acquainted with William Shockley, a physicist at Bell Labs who was intimately involved with the creation of the transistor.
A few years later, Shockley recruited Hoerni to work with him at the newly founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California.
In 1958, Hoerni attended an Electrochemical Society meeting, where Bell Labs engineer Mohamed Atalla presented a paper about the passivation of p-n junctions by oxide, and demonstrated silicon dioxide's passivating effect on a silicon surface.
Taking advantage of silicon dioxide's passivating effect on the silicon surface, Hoerni proposed to make transistors that were protected by a layer of silicon dioxide.
Noyce built on Hoerni's work with his conception of an integrated circuit, which added a layer of metal to the top of Hoerni's basic structure to connect different components, such as transistors, capacitors, or resistors, located on the same piece of silicon.
The planar process provided a powerful way of implementing an integrated circuit that was superior to earlier conceptions of the device.
With Noyce, Jack Kilby from Texas Instruments is usually credited with the invention of the integrated circuit, but Kilby's IC was based on Germanium.
In 1964, he founded Union Carbide Electronics, and in 1967, he founded Intersil, where he became a pioneer of low-voltage CMOS-Integrated Circuits.
An avid mountain climber, Hoerni often visited the Karakoram Mountains in Pakistan and was moved by the poverty of the Balti mountain people who lived there.
He contributed the lion's share, $30,000, to Greg Mortenson's project to build a school in the remote village of Korphe, and later founded the Central Asia Institute with an endowment of $1 million to continue providing services for them after his death.
Hoerni named Greg Mortenson as the first Executive Director of the organization, which continues to build schools in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
The author claimed that Jay Last pointed out that Hoerni had incredible stamina and could hike for hours on little food or water.
Born in Paris to a Jewish family, Barbara was ten years old when she had to go into hiding during the German occupation of France in World War II.
After the war ended, a neighborhood professor of music heard her sing and took an interest in helping her develop her talents.
She was given vocal lessons and taught to play the piano, and eventually she enrolled at the Ecole Supérieure de Musique.
From 1950 to 1952, after her father's desertion of her family, she lived in Brussels, where she became part of an active artistic community.
Her painter and writer friends took over an old house, converting it into workshops and a concert hall with a piano where she performed the songs of Édith Piaf, Juliette Gréco and Germaine Montero.
Later she met Georges Brassens, whose songs she began to use in her act and to record on her first album.
In the 1950s, she sang at some of the smaller clubs and began building a fan base, particularly with the young students from the Latin Quarter.
In 1957, she went back to Brussels to record her first single, but it was not until 1961 that she got a real break when she sang at the Bobino Music-Hall in Montparnasse.
Dressed in a long black robe, she gave a haunting performance, but the Parisian critics said she lacked naturalness and was stiff and formal in her presentation.
She continued to perform at small clubs, and two years later at the Théâtre des Capucines she succeeded with the audience and critics alike, singing new material she had written herself.
Influenced originally by songwriters Mireille and Pierre MacOrlan, she developed her own style and the writing of her own songs transformed her image into that of a unique singer-songwriter.
On the 40th anniversary of the Elysée agreement, ex-chancellor Gerhard Schröder quoted from the song in his official speech in the Château de Versailles.
At the award ceremony, Barbara tore her award into several pieces, giving a piece to each of her technicians as a sign of her gratitude.
Barbara's career remained active in the 1970s, with appearances on television variety shows with stars such as Johnny Hallyday and a tour of Japan, Canada, Belgium, Israel, the Netherlands and Switzerland.
She developed a close working relationship with rising film star Gérard Depardieu and his wife Élisabeth, collaborating on songs for film and records.
In 1986 she went to New York City to perform on piano at the Metropolitan Opera with Mikhail Baryshnikov in a song and dance ballet presentation.
However, she recorded another successful album in 1996—which sold over a million copies in twelve hours—before she died of respiratory problems in Neuilly-sur-Seine (a suburb of Paris), on 24 November 1997.
Maria del Mar Bonet, a Catalan singer made, in 1971, a cover of L'Aigle Noir in Catalan and made a success of it in Spanish-language countries.
L'Aigle Noir has also been adapted and sung in Spanish, and Swedish (Rikard Wolff), and many times in Japanese, also with great success.
During his lifetime he was widely expected to succeed his mother as head of the Indian National Congress, but following his early death in a plane crash his elder brother Rajiv became their mother's political heir, and succeeded her as Prime Minister of India after her assassination.
Like his elder brother Rajiv Gandhi, Sanjay studied first at Welham Boys' School and then at the Doon School in Dehra Dun.
Sanjay did not attend university, but took up automotive engineering as a career and underwent an apprenticeship with Rolls-Royce in Crewe, England for three years.
In June 1971, a company known as Maruti Motors Limited (now Maruti Suzuki) was incorporated under the Companies Act and Sanjay Gandhi became its Managing Director.
While Sanjay had no previous experience, design proposals or links with any corporation, he was awarded the contract to build the car and the exclusive production licence.
The criticism that followed this decision was mostly directed at Indira, but the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War and victory over Pakistan muted the critical voices.
A commission was set up by the new government headed by Justice Alak Chandra Gupta which gave very critical report of the Maruti affair.
A year after his death in 1980, and at the behest of Indira, the Union government salvaged Maruti Limited and started looking for an active collaborator for a new company.
Maruti Udyog Ltd. was incorporated in the same year through the efforts of Nehru Gandhi family friend and industrial doyen V. Krishnamurthy.
The Japanese company Suzuki was also contacted to present the design and feasibility of their car to be manufactured in India.
When Suzuki learned that the Government of India had contacted Volkswagen as well, it did everything to pip the German company in the race to produce India's first People's Car (Maruti 800).
It provided the government a feasible Design of their 'Model 796', which was also successful in Japan and East Asian countries.
In 1974, the opposition-led protests and strikes had caused a widespread disturbance in many parts of the country and badly affected the government and the economy.
On 25 June 1975 following an adverse court decision against her, Indira Gandhi declared a national emergency, delayed elections, censored the press and suspended some constitutional freedoms in the name of national security.
Thousands of people, including several freedom fighters like Jaya Prakash Narayan and Jivatram Kripalani who were against the Emergency were arrested.
In the extremely hostile political environment just before and soon after the Emergency, Sanjay Gandhi rose in importance as Indira's adviser.
With the defections of former loyalists, Sanjay's influence with Indira and the government increased dramatically, although he was never in an official or elected position.
It was also quipped that Sanjay Gandhi had total control over his mother and that the government was run by the PMH (Prime Minister House) rather than the PMO (Prime Minister Office).
Out of the five points, Sanjay is now chiefly remembered for the family planning initiative that attracted much notoriety and caused longterm harm to population control in India.
Although he had not been elected and held no office, Sanjay began exercising his new-found influence with Cabinet ministers, high-level government officials and police officers.
In one famous example, Inder Kumar Gujral resigned from the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting when Sanjay attempted to direct the affairs of his ministry and give him orders.
In another incident, after popular Bollywood singer Kishore Kumar refused to sing at a function of the Indian Youth Congress, his songs were banned on All India Radio upon Gandhi's insistence.
This election saw the crushing defeat of not only Sanjay in his constituency of Amethi but also the wiping out of Indira's Congress party throughout Northern India.
Sanjay Gandhi and Brij Vardhan, accompanied by Jagmohan the vice-chairman of Delhi Development Authority (DDA), was reportedly irked during his visit to Turkman Gate in old Delhi area that he couldn't see the grand old Jama Masjid because of the maze of tenements.
The exact extent of Sanjay Gandhi's role in the implementation of the program is somewhat disputed, with some writers holding Gandhi directly responsible for his authoritarianism, and other writers blaming the officials who implemented the program rather than Gandhi himself.
She won a by-election from the Chikmagalur Constituency to the Lok Sabha in November 1978 However, the Janata government's Home Minister, Charan Singh, ordered her and Sanjay arrested on several charges, none of which would be easy to prove in an Indian court.
The film had lampooned Sanjay Gandhi's car manufacturing plans, besides Congress supporters like Swami Dhirendra Brahmachari, private secretary to Indira Gandhi R.K. Dhawan, and Rukhsana Sultana.
Subsequently, all the prints and the master-print of the film at Censor Board office were picked up, and brought to Maruti factory in Gurgaon where they were burned.
The subsequent Shah Commission, established in 1977 by the Janata party led Government of India, to enquire into excesses committed in the Indian Emergency found Sanjay guilty of burning the negative, along with V. C. Shukla, Information and Broadcasting minister during the emergency.
The Janata coalition under prime minister Morarji Desai was only united by its hatred of Indira Gandhi.The party included right wing Hindu Nationalists, Socialists and former Congress party members.
In 1979, the government started to unravel over the issue of dual loyalties of some members to Janata and the RSS.
The ambitious Union Finance minister, Charan Singh, who as the Union Home Minister during the previous year had ordered arrest of Gandhi, took advantage of this and started courting different Congress factions including Congress (I).
Charan Singh was appointed Prime Minister, by President Reddy, after Indira and Sanjay promised Singh that Congress(I) would support his government from outside on certain conditions.
Before the 1980 elections Gandhi approached the then Shahi Imam of Jama Masjid, Syed Abdullah Bukhari and entered into an agreement with him on the basis of 10-point programme to secure the support of the Muslim votes.
A hitherto unknown chapter of his personal life was revealed in January 2017, when Priya Singh Paul claimed that Sanjay Gandhi was her biological father, and that she was given away by her biological family for adoption.
In June 2017, she gave a legal notice in her capacity as his daughter to stop the release of a film on Sanjay Gandhi.
Sanjay Gandhi died instantly from head wounds in an air crash on 23 June 1980 near Safdarjung Airport in New Delhi.
He was flying a new aircraft of the Delhi Flying club, and, while performing an aerobatic manoeuvre over his office, lost control and crashed.
Sanjay's widow Maneka fell out with her in-laws soon after Sanjay's death and started her own party named Sanjay Vichar Manch in Hyderabad.
Maneka was appointed to the cabinet as Minister of Women and Child Development by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in May 2014, she currently represents BJP from Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency) in Uttar Pradesh.
The name of this box set comes from the instruction presented on vinyl copies of the band's debut album to peel back the banana sticker featured on the cover.
The set includes all four studio albums by the Lou Reed-era line-ups of the Velvet Underground, alongside demo recordings and live performances, some of which were bootlegged, and some of which were never released.
ABC Kids (also known as Disney's ABC Kids, and originally titled Disney's One Saturday Morning until September 7, 2002) was a Saturday morning American children's programming block that aired on ABC from September 13, 1997, to August 27, 2011.
It featured a mixture of animated and live-action series from Walt Disney Television Animation and (starting in 2001) Disney Channel, aimed at children between the ages of 6 and 15.
The block regularly aired on Saturday mornings, though certain programs within the lineup aired on Sundays in some parts of the country due to station preferences for non-educational programming or scheduling issues with regional or network sports broadcasts.
After Disney formally took over ABC's operations in 1996, Disney head Michael Eisner sought to create a Saturday morning block that was different from those carried by its competitors at the time.
He pitched an idea around the concept that Saturday is different from every other day of the week, and the representation of weekdays as buildings.
Hastings also proposed the use of virtual set technology; although he knew a bit about it at the time and the technology used was just starting to be developed, Disney and ABC liked the idea.
Rutherford Bench Productions, which had previously worked with Disney on other projects, hired Pacific Ocean Post (now POP Sound) to produce the virtual set.
The building was initially a drawing of Grand Central Terminal with a roller coaster added, but evolved into a towering mechanical structure.
Even the interior has similarities such as a central high raised room, with two wings on the left and right sides and another on the south side.
It was originally scheduled to debut the Saturday prior on September 6, but coverage by all U.S. networks of the funeral of Princess Diana pushed back the premiere up one week to September 13.
The live-action wraparound segments were originally hosted by Charlie (portrayed by Jessica Prunell, now an attorney) for the block's first season in 1997, and later by MeMe (Valarie Rae Miller) beginning in September 1998; the segments also featured an elephant named Jelly Roll (voiced by stand up comedian and actor Brad Garrett), who served as a sidekick to the human host.
The shorts and hosted segments were discontinued in 2000 in a reformatting of the ABC block due to low ratings; by this time, the interstitials within the block were relegated to bumpers and program promotions.
On July 23, 2001, the Walt Disney Company purchased Fox Family Worldwide, primarily for its Fox Family Channel, which was included in the sale as well as Saban Entertainment, a company in which Fox purchased a 50% interest in 1994.
The rechristened block originally contained a mix of first-run programs exclusive to the block, as well as reruns of several original series from Disney Channel.
With the expanded regulation of federally mandated educational programming guidelines defined by the Federal Communications Commission's Children's Television Act, ABC chose to fulfill the three-hour quota by carrying select episodes of Disney Channel live-action comedies and animated series (anywhere between eight and 13 episodes from a given season) featuring moral lessons and/or educational anecdotes.
In Summer 2011, ABC announced that it would no longer provide educational programming to its owned-and-operated stations and affiliates as part of its Saturday morning network lineup.
The network decided to lease out the three-hour timeslot and seek other programmers for an agreement to produce a syndicated block for its stations.
In August 2011, ABC's affiliate board announced that it had reached a deal with Litton Entertainment, a production company which produces syndicated programming (including educational programs aimed at children and teenagers), to produce original content for the Saturday morning block.
As a result, ABC discontinued airing animated programming, making it the first network not to air animated series within its children's program lineup since August 1992, when NBC discontinued its animation block on Saturday mornings to launch the live-action block TNBC.
This left Cookie Jar Toons on This TV and Toonzai on The CW as the only two children's blocks on over-the-air television not to have a strictly educational/informative lineup; the latter was replaced by Vortexx in 2012.
Both soon met the same fate of replacement with their own E/I block replacements (This TV premiered an unbranded E/I block in 2013, while The CW premiered Litton's One Magnificent Morning in 2014).
Rogan josh (British English /ˌrəʊɡən ˈdʒəʊʃ/, American English /ˌroʊɡən ˈdʒoʊʃ/) (Hindi: रोगन जोश) (), also written roghan josh or roghan ghosht, is an aromatic curried meat dish of Persian or Kashmiri origin.
The unrelenting summer heat of the Indian plains took the Mughals frequently to Kashmir, which has a cooler climate because of its elevation and latitude.
Rogan josh consists of pieces of lamb or mutton braised with a gravy flavoured with garlic, ginger and aromatic spices (cloves, bay leaves, cardamom, and cinnamon), and in some versions incorporating onions or yogurt.
While the traditional preparation uses whole dried chilies that are de-seeded, soaked in water, and ground to a paste, non-traditional shortcuts use either Kashmiri chili powder (available in Indian stores) or a mixture of paprika (predominantly) and cayenne pepper, adjusted to taste.
The authenticity of including tomatoes is disputed: some authors state that tomatoes are not part of the traditional dish or of traditional Indian cuisine and should not be included.
However, other authors have specifically referred to rogan josh as a dish based around meat and tomatoes, while others have identified tomatoes with a Punjabi version of the dish as opposed to a Kashmiri one.
In India, rogan josh is often made with goat instead of mutton, since genuine lamb is less widely available than goat meat.
Marie-France Gaîté (born 17 July 1941 in Lyon, France – died 18 January 1968), better known as Gribouille was a singer, musician, and song writer.
As a teenager, she suffered from a mental disorder, and for a time was confined against her will to a psychiatric hospital in Lyon.
Kanter is here to see Mr. Cantor, figuring he'd see me because of our names, although his real name was Iskowitch.
Although Kanter was not hired by Cantor, one of his writers, Hugh Wedlock, Jr., paid Kanter $10 per week to write jokes.
The book chronicles his early life, his struggles in Hollywood during his early years, and his eventual success in show business in general and as a comedy writer in particular.
The volcano erupted again in March 2016; by July, between one third and one half of the island was covered in ash, putting the penguin colonies at risk.
Mount Asphyxia, a stratovolcano also known as Mount Curry, dominates the western side of the island while the eastern half is a low-lying lava plain.
The following list of corporations involved major collapses, through the risk of job losses or size of the business, and meant entering into insolvency or bankruptcy, or being nationalised or requiring a non-market loan by a government.
Roberts earned a Bachelor's degree in metallurgical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1948, and a Master's degree in 1949 and Ph.D. in 1952, from MIT.
He joined the seminal Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California, but left the company along with other members of the traitorous eight with the backing of Sherman Fairchild to form the influential Fairchild Semiconductor corporation.
A war economy or wartime economy is the set of contingencies undertaken by a modern state to mobilize its economy for war production.
Many states increase the degree of planning in their economies during wars; in many cases this extends to rationing, and in some cases to conscription for civil defenses, such as the Women's Land Army and Bevin Boys in the United Kingdom during World War II.
The Union blockade, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea during the American Civil War, and the strategic bombing of enemy cities and factories during World War II are all examples of total war.
On the supply side, it has been observed that wars sometimes have the effect of accelerating progress of technology to such an extent that an economy is greatly strengthened after the war, especially if it has avoided the war-related destruction.
Some economists (such as Seymour Melman) argue, however, that the wasteful nature of much of military spending eventually can hurt technological progress.
War is often used as a last ditch effort to prevent deteriorating economic conditions or currency crises, particularly by expanding services and employment in the military, and by simultaneously depopulating segments of the population to free up resources and restore the economic and social order.
Many notable instances came during the twentieth century in which America's main conflicts consisted of the World Wars, Korea, and Vietnam.
In mobilizing for World War I, the United States expanded its governmental powers by creating institutions such as the War Industries Board (WIB) to help with military production.
Speaking on Four Minute Men, volunteers who rallied the public through short speeches, investigative journalist George Creel stated that the idea was extremely popular and the program saw thousands of volunteers throughout the states.
In the case of the Second World War, the U.S. government took similar measures in increasing its control over the economy.
The government raised taxes which paid for half of the war's costs and borrowed money in the form of war bonds to cover the rest of the bill.
Because of this massive cooperation between government and private entities, it could be argued that the economic measures enacted prior to and during the Second World War helped lead the Allies to victory.
Having been in a continuous state of war since the September 11 Attacks and having a military budget over double of its two largest military rivals, some consider the United States to be a war economy or at least a country with an economy largely backed by the Military Industrial Complex.
While this was not a result of faulty economic planning, it is important to understand the ways that Germany approached reconstruction.
Not only were many of the workers conscripted, but lots of the food itself was allocated for the troops leading to a shortage.
Heading into the Second World War, the Nazis introduced new policies that not only caused the unemployment rate to drop, it created a competent war machine in clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles.
Both of these actions created jobs for many Germans who had been struggling from the economic collapse following World War I.
However, due to the Nazi's surrender to the Allies, it is hard to tell what their economic policies would have yielded in the long term.
He graduated from an art school in Bielsko-Biała and in 1963 he studied painting at the Kraków Academy of Art under Tadeusz Kantor.
After graduating, he had several joint exhibitions, and held his first solo exhibition in 1967 at the Krzysztofory Gallery in Poland.
He returned to Paris in 1974 and two years later he held another major solo exhibition at the Gallery La Hune, including some sculptural work.
Having previously worked with terracotta and bronze, a trip to Carrara, Italy, in 1979 turned him to using marble as his primary medium and in 1983 he set up a studio in Pietrasanta.
In 2006, he created the new bronze doors and a statue of John the Baptist for the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Rome.
In 2005 he received the Golden Medal of Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis 2012 he received the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Often his works aim to address the questions of human body, its beauty and fragility, its suffering as well as deeper aspects of human nature, which as a result of the passing of time undergo degeneration.
There is a section for military graves, including 534 German military graves from the two World Wars, marked by a monument and stelae of pink granite, and a war graves section containing the graves of 181 Commonwealth service personnel of both World Wars.
In the highest part is a monument to those French service personnel who are buried in the graveyards of North Africa.
The three ships of the second group were sold to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) before World War II and renamed after Australian cities.
Their secondary armament consisted of four high angle QF 4 inch Mk V naval guns, which were later replaced by twin mountings for eight guns (the later high angle QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun).
They also shipped a bank of four torpedo tubes on each beam and provision was made in the design for carriage of two catapult-launched Fairey Seafox aircraft.
The first five vessels did not contain dispersed machinery; the boiler rooms were arranged together and exhausted into a single funnel, a unique feature amongst British cruisers.
Various additional anti-aircraft armaments were added, and the two New Zealand vessels removed a turret to carry heavier 20 mm and 40 mm anti-aircraft guns in its place.
The town of Ajax, Ontario was named after the ship, with street names in the town named after members of the crew.
Orion's repairs were completed in March 1942, after which she was widely employed, in home waters and on convoy escort duties to Africa and the Indian Ocean.
Orion returned to the Mediterranean in October 1942 and was involved in convoy escort duties and supported the army in the invasion of Sicily.
To cover the separate machinery spaces, the side armour was extended from , negating the weight reduction created by the separation.
During design, it was planned to modify the forward-most and aft-most 6-inch turrets to be fitted with three guns instead of two, but the plan was cancelled when it was determined that the required alterations would cause several negative side effects, including reducing the ship's top speed and causing problems with effective fire control.
She operated with British ships in the Battle of the Mediterranean, participating in the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941.
After being badly damaged by a torpedo strike in 1943, she returned to action in the Philippines landings (1944), followed by the Borneo and Aitape-Wewak campaigns.
Their goal was to win the support of the Allied Powers for the independence of Bohemia and Moravia from the Austrian Empire and of Slovak territories from the Kingdom of Hungary, which were then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
With the help of émigré intellectuals and politicians such as the Czech Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and the Slovak Milan Rastislav Štefánik, they grew into a force of over 100,000 strong.
In Russia, they took part in several victorious battles of the war, including the Zborov and Bakhmach against the Central Powers, and were heavily involved in the Russian Civil War fighting Bolsheviks, at times controlling the entire Trans-Siberian railway and several major cities in Siberia.
Originally an all-volunteer force, these formations were later strengthened by Czech and Slovak prisoners of war or deserters from the Austro-Hungarian Army.
The majority of the legionaries were Czechs, with Slovaks making up 7% of the force in Russia, 3% in Italy and 16% in France.
As World War I broke out, national societies representing ethnic Czechs and Slovaks residing in the Russian Empire petitioned the Russian government to support the independence of their homelands.
To prove their loyalty to the Entente cause, these groups advocated the establishment of a unit of Czech and Slovak volunteers to fight alongside the Russian Army.
To achieve this goal, however, they recognized that they would need to recruit from Czech and Slovak prisoners of war (POWs) in Russian camps.
Despite continuous efforts of émigré leaders to persuade the Russian authorities to change their mind, the Czechs and Slovaks were officially barred from recruiting POWs until the summer of 1917.
Still, some Czechs and Slovaks were able to sidestep this ban by enlisting POWs through local agreements with Russian military authorities.
This unit distinguished itself during the Kerensky Offensive in July 1917, when the Czecho-Slovak troops overran Austrian trenches during the Battle of Zborov.
Following the soldiers' stellar performance at Zborov, the Russian Provisional Government finally granted their émigré leaders on the Czechoslovak National Council permission to mobilize Czech and Slovak volunteers from the POW camps.
A second division, consisting of four regiments, was added to the Legion in October 1917, raising its strength to about 40,000 troops by 1918.
The chairman of the Czechoslovak National Council, Tomáš Masaryk, who had arrived in Russia earlier that year, began planning for the Legion's departure from Russia and transfer to France so the Czechoslovaks could continue to fight against the Central Powers.
Since most of Russia's main ports were blockaded, Masaryk decided that the Legion should travel from Ukraine to the Pacific port of Vladivostok, where the men would embark on transport vessels that would carry them to Western Europe.
From 5 to 13 March, the Czechoslovak legionaries successfully fought off German attempts to prevent their evacuation in the Battle of Bakhmach.
After leaving Ukraine and entering Soviet Russia, representatives of the Czechoslovak National Council continued to negotiate with Bolshevik authorities in Moscow and Penza to iron out the details of the corps' evacuation.
On 25 March, the two sides signed the Penza Agreement, in which the legionaries were to surrender most of their weapons in exchange for unmolested passage to Vladivostok.
The Bolsheviks, despite Masaryk's order for the legionaries to remain neutral in Russia's affairs, suspected that the Czechoslovaks might join their counterrevolutionary enemies in the borderlands.
Their evacuation was proving much slower than expected due to dilapidated railway conditions, a shortage of locomotives and the recurring need to negotiate with local soviets along the route.
On 14 May, a dispute at the Chelyabinsk station between legionaries heading east and Magyar POWs heading west to be repatriated caused the People's Commissar for War, Leon Trotsky, to order the complete disarmament and arrest of the legionaries.
At an army congress that convened in Chelyabinsk a few days later, the Czechoslovaks – against the wishes of the National Council – refused to disarm and began issuing ultimatums for their passage to Vladivostok.
Fighting between the Czechoslovak Legion and the Bolsheviks erupted at several points along the Trans-Siberian Railway in the last days of May 1918.
By the end of the month, legionaries under General Mikhail Diterikhs had taken control of Vladivostok, overthrowing the local Bolshevik administration.
On July 6, the Legion declared the city to be an Allied protectorate, and legionaires began returning across the Trans-Siberian Railway to support their comrades fighting to their west.
By mid-July, the legionaries had seized control of the railway from Samara to Irkutsk, and by the beginning of September they had cleared Bolshevik forces from the entire length of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Legionnaires conquered all the large cities of Siberia, including Yekaterinburg, but Tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed on the direct orders of Vladimir Lenin and Yakov Sverdlov less than a week before the arrival of the Legion.
News of the Czechoslovak Legion's campaign in Siberia during the summer of 1918 was welcomed by Allied statesmen in Great Britain and France, who saw the operation as a means to reconstitute an eastern front against Germany.
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, who had resisted earlier Allied proposals to intervene in Russia, gave in to domestic and foreign pressure to support the legionaries' evacuation from Siberia.
In early July 1918, he published an aide-mémoire calling for a limited intervention in Siberia by the U.S. and Japan to rescue the Czechoslovak troops, who were then blocked by Bolshevik forces in Transbaikal.
The Allied intervention in Siberia continued so that by autumn 1918, there were 70,000 Japanese, 829 British, 1,400 Italian, 5,002 American and 107 French colonial (Vietnamese) troops in the region.
Many of these contingents supported anti-Bolshevik Russians and Cossack warlords who had established regional governments in the wake of the Czechoslovak seizure of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
As the legionaries cruised from one victory to another that summer, the Czechoslovak National Council began receiving official statements of recognition from various Allied governments.
Shortly after they entered into hostilities against the Bolsheviks, the legionaries began making common cause with anti-Bolshevik, or White, Russians who began forming their own governments behind the Czechoslovaks' lines.
With substantial Czechoslovak help, the People's Army of Komuch won several important victories, including the capture of Kazan and an Imperial state gold reserve on 5 August 1918.
Czechoslovak pressure was also crucial in convincing the White Russians in Siberia to nominally unify behind the All-Russian Provisional Government, formed at a conference in Ufa during September 1918.
During the autumn of 1918, the legionaries' enthusiasm for the fighting in Russia, then mostly confined along the Volga and Urals, dropped precipitously.
The rapidly growing Red Army was getting stronger by the day, retaking Kazan on 10 September, followed by Samara a month later.
The legionaries, whose strength had peaked at around 61,000 earlier that year, were lacking reliable reinforcements from POW camps and were disappointed by the failure of Allied soldiers from other countries to join them on the front lines.
The final blow to Czechoslovak morale arrived on 18 November 1918, when a coup in Omsk overthrew the All-Russian Provisional Government and installed a dictatorship under Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in control of White Siberia.
During the winter of 1918–1919, the Czechoslovak troops were redeployed from the front to guard the route of the Trans-Siberian Railway between Novonikolaevsk and Irkutsk from partisan attacks.
Alongside other legions formed from Polish, Romanian and Yugoslav POWs in Siberia, the Czechoslovaks defended the Kolchak government's only supply route for the duration of 1919.
On 14 November, the Reds took Omsk, Kolchak's capital, initiating a desperate eastward flight by the White army and refugees along the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The homesick legionaries, who simply wanted to leave Siberia without incurring any more casualties than necessary, declared their neutrality amid the unrest and did nothing to suppress the rebellions.
After his bodyguard deserted him there, the legionaries were ordered by Allied representatives in Siberia to safely escort the admiral to Vladivostok.
This plan was resisted by insurgents along the Czechoslovaks' route, and as a result the legionaries, after consulting their commanders, Generals Janin and Jan Syrový, made the controversial decision to turn Kolchak over to the Political Center, a government formed by Socialists-Revolutionaries in Irkutsk.
On 7 February 1920, the legionaries had signed an armistice with the Fifth Red Army at Kutin, whereby the latter allowed the Czechoslovaks unmolested passage to Vladivostok.
In exchange, the legionaries agreed to not try to rescue Kolchak and to leave the remaining gold bullion with the authorities in Irkutsk.
Earlier that day, Kolchak had been executed by a Cheka firing squad to prevent his rescue by a small White army then on the outskirts of the city.
The legionaries' progress was still hampered at times by the Japanese Expeditionary Force and the troops of Ataman Grigori Semenov, who stalled the Czechoslovak trains to delay the arrival of the Red Army in Eastern Siberia.
By then, however, the evacuation of Czechoslovak troops from Vladivostok was well underway, and the last legionaries left the port in September 1920.
The total number of people evacuated with the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia was 67,739; including 56,455 soldiers, 3,004 officers, 6,714 civilians, 1,716 wives, 717 children, 1,935 foreigners and 198 others.
An unknown number went missing or deserted the legion, either to make an arduous journey to return home or to join the Czechoslovak Communists.
In January 1918, the 21st Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment was formed in the town of Cognac; it mixed prisoners of war with volunteers living in America.
In January 1918, the commander of 6th Italian Army decided to form small reconnaissance groups from Czech, Slovak and Southern Slav volunteers from POW camps.
In September 1918, first fighting unit, the 39th Regiment of the Czechoslovak Italian Legion was formed of those volunteer reconnaissance squadrons.
Italian legionaries were the first who returned to newly created Czechoslovakia in 1918 and were immediately drafted into fights for new state borders.
Note: There were quite a few books on the Legion written in Czech that were published in the 1920s, but most were hard to find following Soviet victory in World War II.
The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River.
Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.
In addition, the river system has been extensively developed for flood control, with major dams impounding both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
Martin's Fork starts near Hensley Settlement on Brush Mountain in Bell County and snakes its way north through the mountains to Baxter.
Clover Fork starts on Black Mountain in Holmes Mill, near the Virginia border, and flows west in parallel with Kentucky Route 38 until it reaches Harlan.
Clover Fork once flowed through downtown Harlan and merged with Martins Fork at the intersection of Kentucky Route 38 and US Route 421 until a flood control project began in 1992 diverted it through a tunnel under Little Black Mountain from which it emerges in Baxter and converges with Martins Fork.
From there, the wider, now named Cumberland River continues flowing west through the mountains of Kentucky before turning northward toward Cumberland Falls.
The falls is one of the largest waterfalls in the southeastern United States and is one of the few places in the Western Hemisphere where a moonbow can be seen.
Beyond Cumberland Falls, the river turns abruptly west once again and continues to grow as it converges with other creeks and streams.
It receives the Laurel and Rockcastle rivers from the northeast and then the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River from the south.
The river turns northwest toward Clarksville, where it is joined by the Red River, and then flows back into Kentucky at the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, a section of land nestled between Lake Barkley, which is fed by the Cumberland River, and Kentucky Lake.
The explorer Thomas Walker of Virginia in 1758 named the river, but whether for the Duke of Cumberland or the English county of Cumberland is not known.
Important first as a passage for hunters and settlers, the Cumberland River also supported later riverboat trade, which traveled to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
In April 1977, Harlan, Kentucky, and many surrounding communities were inundated with floodwaters, destroying most of the homes and businesses within the floodplain of the river.
This event led to the building of the Martins Fork Dam for flood control and the diversion of the Clover Fork around the city of Harlan.
In late April and early May 2010, due to the 2010 Tennessee floods, the river overflowed its banks and flooded Nashville and Clarksville, Tennessee.
He used his books to propose several theories, including a belief that Jesus and Mary Magdalene had married and had children, whose descendants included King Arthur and the House of Stuart.
He was an endorser of Michael Lafosse, in particular his claims to be descended from the House of Stuart, which Gardner claimed was descended from Jesus Christ.
It offers tight integration with the rest of the MATLAB environment and can either drive MATLAB or be scripted from it.
MathWorks claims that, coupled with another of their products, Simulink can automatically generate C source code for real-time implementation of systems.
As the efficiency and flexibility of the code improves, this is becoming more widely adopted for production systems, in addition to being a tool for embedded system design work because of its flexibility and capacity for quick iteration.
Simulink Real-Time (formerly known as xPC Target), together with x86-based real-time systems, is an environment for simulating and testing Simulink and Stateflow models in real-time on the physical system.
Simulink Verification and Validation enables systematic verification and validation of models through modeling style checking, requirements traceability and model coverage analysis.
Simulink Design Verifier uses formal methods to identify design errors like integer overflow, division by zero and dead logic, and generates test case scenarios for model checking within the Simulink environment.
SimEvents is used to add a library of graphical building blocks for modeling queuing systems to the Simulink environment, and to add an event-based simulation engine to the time-based simulation engine in Simulink.
Therefore in Simulink any type of simulation can be done and the model can be simulated at any point in this environment.
The company's key product, MATLAB, was created in the 1970s by Cleve Moler, who was chairman of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico at the time.
Jack Little, who would eventually found the company, came across the tool while he was a graduate student in electrical engineering at Stanford University.
The company sold its first order, 10 copies of MATLAB, for $500 to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in February 1985.
A few years later, Little and the company moved to Massachusetts, and Little hired Jeanne O'Keefe, an experienced computer executive, to help formalize the business.
In 1999, MathWorks relocated to the Apple Hill office complex in Natick, Massachusetts, purchasing additional buildings in the complex in 2008 and 2009, ultimately occupying the entire campus.
The company's two lead products are MATLAB, which provides an environment for programmers to analyze and visualize data and develop algorithms, and Simulink, a graphical and simulation environment for model-based design of dynamic systems.
In 1999 the US Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against MathWorks and Wind River Systems alleging that an agreement between them violated antitrust laws.
The agreement in question stipulated that the two companies agreed to stop competing in the field of dynamic control system design software, with MathWorks alone selling Wind River's Matrixx Software and that Wind River would stop all research and development and sales in that field.
MathWorks had total sales of $200 million in 2001, with dynamic control system design software accounting for half of those sales.
MathWorks's Simulink software was found to have infringed 3 patents from National Instruments related to data flow diagrams in 2003, a decision which was confirmed by a court of appeal in 2004.
In 2012, the European Commission opened an antitrust investigation into MathWorks after competitors alleged that Mathworks refused to grant licenses to its intellectual property that would allow people to create software with interoperability with its products.
The logo represents the first vibrational mode of a thin L-shaped membrane, clamped at the edges, and governed by the wave equation, which was the subject of Moler's thesis.
The company annually sponsors a number of student engineering competitions, including EcoCAR, an advanced vehicle technology competition created by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and General Motors (GM).
In the mid to late 1970s, he was one of the authors of LINPACK and EISPACK, Fortran libraries for numerical computing.
He invented MATLAB, a numerical computing package, to give his students at the University of New Mexico easy access to these libraries without writing Fortran.
He received his bachelor's degree from California Institute of Technology in 1961, and a Ph.D. from Stanford University, both in mathematics.
He was a professor of mathematics and computer science for almost 20 years at the University of Michigan, Stanford University, and the University of New Mexico.
François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette (11 February 182118 January 1881) was a French scholar, archaeologist and Egyptologist, and founder of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities (later Supreme Council of Antiquities).
Educated at the Boulogne municipal college, where he distinguished himself and showed much artistic talent, he went to England in 1839 when eighteen as professor of French and drawing at a boys' school at Stratford-upon-Avon.
In 1840 he became pattern-designer to a ribbon manufacturer in Coventry, but he returned the same year to Boulogne, and in 1841 took a degree at the University of Douai.
Mariette proved to be a talented draftsman and designer, and he supplemented his salary as a teacher at Douai by giving private lessons and writing on historical and archaeological subjects for local periodicals.
Meanwhile, his cousin Nestor L'Hote, the friend and fellow-traveller of Champollion, died, and the task of sorting his papers filled Mariette with a passion for Egyptology.
His 1847 analytic catalogue of the Egyptian Gallery of the Boulogne Museum got him a minor appointment at the Louvre Museum in 1849.
Entrusted with a government mission for the purpose of seeking and purchasing the best Coptic, Syriac, Arabic and Ethiopic manuscripts for the Louvre collection so that it retained its then-supremacy over other national collections, he set out for Egypt in 1850.
After little success in acquiring manuscripts due to inexperience, to avoid an embarrassing return empty-handed to France and wasting what might be his only trip to Egypt, he visited temples and befriended a Bedouin tribe, who led him to Saqqara.
Thus, in 1851, he made his celebrated discovery of this avenue and eventually the subterranean tomb-temple complex of catacombs with their spectacular sarcophagi of the Apis bulls.
Breaking through the rubble at the tomb entrance on November 12, he entered the complex, finding thousands of statues, bronze tablets and other treasures, but only one intact sarcophagus.
Accused of theft and destruction by rival diggers and by the Egyptian authorities, Mariette began to rebury his finds in the desert to keep them from these competitors.
Instead of manuscripts, official French funds were now advanced for the prosecution of his researches, and he remained in Egypt for four years, excavating, discovering and despatching archaeological treasures to the Louvre, following the accepted Eurocentric convention.
However, the French government and the Louvre set up an arrangement to divide the finds 50:50, so that upon his return to Paris 230 crates went to the Louvre (and he was raised to an assistant conservator), but an equal amount remained in Egypt.
His success was aided by the fact that no rivals were permitted to dig in Egypt, a fact that the British (who had previously had the majority of Egyptologists active in the country) and Germans (who were politically allied with the country's Ottoman rulers) protested at as a 'sweetheart deal' between Egypt and France.
The Khedive, like many potentates, assumed all discoveries ranked as treasure and that what went to the museum in Cairo went only at his pleasure.
Even early on, in February 1859, Mariette dashed to Thebes to confiscate a boatload of antiquities from the nearby tomb of Queen Ahhotep I that were to have been sent to the Khedive.
In his position as Director of the Antiquities Service Mariette made concerted efforts to stifle the careers of Egyptians such as Ahmad Kamal within the Service.
Heinrich Brugsch, a German philologist documented how Mariette was suspicious of Egyptians and forbade Egyptians from copying hieroglyphics in the Cairo Museum.
Mariette was concerned, Brugsch states, that Egyptians might be appointed into official positions within the Museum and was dedicated to stopping that from occurring.
In 1867, he returned to oversee the ancient Egyptian stand at the Exposition Universelle, to a hero's welcome for keeping France pre-eminent in Egyptology.
By the spring of 1881, prematurely aged and nearly blind, Mariette arranged for the appointment of the Frenchman Gaston Maspero (a linguist rather than an archaeologist, who he had met at the Exposition in 1867), to ensure that France retained its supremacy in Egyptology in Egypt, rather than an Englishman.
He died in Cairo and was interred in a sarcophagus which is on display in the Garden of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Stateflow (developed by MathWorks) is a control logic tool used to model reactive systems via state machines and flow charts within a Simulink model.
Stateflow uses a variant of the finite-state machine notation established by David Harel, enabling the representation of hierarchy, parallelism and history within a state chart.
Stateflow is generally used to specify the discrete controller in the model of a hybrid system where the continuous dynamics (i.e., the behavior of the plant and environment) are specified using Simulink.
For example, Simulink Verification and Validation, a MathWorks tool, can be used to check for requirements traceability and model coverage analysis.
Other add-on code generation tools can be used to automatically generate C, C++, HDL, and PLC code for implementation on embedded systems.
Like many aulopiform fish, greeneyes are hermaphroditic; this is thought to be a great advantage in deep-sea habitats, where the chances of running into a compatible mate are uncertain.
The State of Georgia Building, alternately referenced as 2 Peachtree Street, is a 44-story, skyscraper located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S..
2 Peachtree Street was originally constructed as the new headquarters building for First National Bank of Atlanta, also known as First Atlanta, replacing its older (1905) headquarters building next door (the lower half of which remains today as Georgia State's Andrew Young School of Policy Studies).
First Atlanta was acquired by the holding company for Wachovia Bank in 1985, but continued to operate under its own charter until 1991.
Shortly thereafter, Wachovia moved its Georgia offices to 191 Peachtree and 2 Peachtree Street was acquired by the state of Georgia for government offices.
She became famous for her part in the Battle of the River Plate, the Battle of Crete, the Battle of Malta and as a supply escort in the Siege of Tobruk.
She was commissioned for service on the North America and West Indies Station, but after working up in May 1935, she was deployed instead to the Mediterranean on detached service after the Abyssinian crisis.
She rejoined her squadron in the West Indies in February 1938 and remained on that station until 1939 when she was redeployed to the Pacific, off South America.
The reasons for the German ship's withdrawal and her failure to exploit her advantage are unclear, but there was damage to her bows, that affected her sea-worthiness, and to her fuel systems.
This was a large operation, involving most of the Mediterranean Fleet and part of a wider set of ship movements, Operation Coat.
She was part of Force X which was detached from the main fleet on 11 November to sortie into the Straits of Otranto, between Italy and Albania, to provide a diversion and give cover for the successful naval air attack on Taranto.
On 12 November, after turning to return to the main fleet, they intercepted a small convoy of four Italian merchant ships escorted by naval auxiliary and the obsolete torpedo-boat .
She then covered Syrian operations in June and joined Force K at Malta in November, being withdrawn in February 1942 for refit.
On 6 February she departed Suez for the United Kingdom via the Cape of Good Hope, calling at Mombasa (9 March) and Freetown (9 April), arriving in the Clyde on 14 April.
Various radar sets were also installed; fire control radars for her main guns (Type 284), AA armament (Type 285) and barrage control (Type 283); an improved aircraft warning radar (the Type 281, replaced the Type 279), surface warning radar was also fitted, (the Type 272).
Permanent repairs were arranged to take place in the United States and she was taken in hand at Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia; these lasted until September.
After post refit trials in October, she returned to Britain, via Bermuda, in November and the fitting of British equipment was completed.
Sales to the Chilean Navy or Indian Navy were mooted, but this latter deal did not materialize due to Winston Churchill's apparent disapproval of the sale; he felt that such an important vessel would be better off broken up to preserve her history.
After running aground at Newport, Monmouthshire, on 9 November 1949 while under tow to the scrapyard, she was refloated and duly arrived at Cashmore's, in Newport, South Wales, for breaking up on 18 November 1949.
The town also has streets named after every member of the ship's company, such as Hobson Avenue, and Harwood Avenue, which is the town's main north-south street.
The silhouette signifies the street being named after part of the ship's company, and the ship's anchor rests in front of the local branch of the Royal Canadian Legion.
He was a supporter of the great queen, Isabel I of Castile, and actively participated on her side in the civil war that broke out against her half-brother, Enrique IV, when the latter attempted to make his daughter, Juana, crown princess.
Jorge died in 1479 during an attempt to take the castle of Garcimuñoz, defended by the Marquis of Villena (a staunch enemy of Isabel), after Isabel gained the crown.
It is a funeral eulogy dedicated to the memory of Rodrigo Manrique (his father), who died on 11 November 1476 in Ocaña.
Stanzas 1-24 talk about an excessive devotion to earthly life from a general point of view, but features some of the most memorable metaphors in the poem.
The section invokes general examples of human waywardness that one may encounter along the road leading to heaven or hell, but then gives some examples of infamous deaths drawn from contemporary Spanish history.
The last part of the poem is devoted to his father and talks about the life of fame and the possibility of continuing to live in the memories of the living, when one is great and has accomplished great deeds while living (stanzas 25-32).
The poem ends with a small dramatic dialogue in which don Rodrigo confronts a personified Death, who deferentially takes his soul to Heaven (stanzas 33-39).
Its alternation of long and short lines, and their punctuation, made the verses flexible enough to sound somber or light and quick.
However, nearly all the text consists of narration by Gandalf, who was telling the story at the request of Frodo in Minas Tirith after the coronation of King Elessar.
Gandalf knew that Smaug the Dragon could pose a serious threat if used by Sauron, then dwelling in Dol Guldur in Mirkwood.
Thorin also was concerned about Smaug, but had different motives: He wanted to reclaim the Dwarves' treasure in the Lonely Mountain.
Gandalf agreed to help Thorin, though he insisted that his party must make use of stealth rather than open confrontation; for that, they would need a burglar, to whom he would take them.
First, he had observed that Bilbo took more of an interest in the world at large than was usual for Hobbits, and was thus more likely to be adventurous.
Another reason was that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a Hobbit, advantageous to a stealthy operation and likely to distract the dragon's attention.
Finally, Gandalf thought that putting a Hobbit in the company would prevent Thorin, who did not think much of Hobbits and doubted Bilbo's skills, from doing anything rash, such as openly confronting Smaug.
Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons.
After much debate, Gandalf managed to convince Thorin, aided by slight misunderstandings on Thorin's part which Gandalf was able to exploit, that Bilbo would be a worthy member.
Additionally, Gandalf's show of loyalty to his friendship with the Hobbit appealed to Thorin's sensibilities (as Dwarves respect loyalty to friends), leading him to be at least receptive to meeting the Hobbit.
It provides an explanation of why Gandalf wished to include Bilbo in Thorin's business, and why the Dwarves were willing to accept him.
Canada Square is surrounded by three of the tallest buildings in the United Kingdom, including One Canada Square, which was the tallest building in the United Kingdom from 1990 until late 2010, when it was surpassed by The Shard.
The complex is named for Canada by Olympia and York, the original developers of the site owned by the Paul Reichmann family of Toronto.
The complex and the square is served by Canary Wharf Underground station on the Jubilee line and Canary Wharf DLR station on the Docklands Light Railway.
There may be several independent Germanic and Turkic origins for seemingly cognate forms of the words, all referring to the same concept.
During certain periods, broadly corresponding with involvement with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the supreme leader of Ukrainian Cossacks was called the hetman.
In the Cossack Hetmanate, the title was used for the administrative purposes, such as the head of the city, City Otaman (городовий отаман).
Otamans were also in charge of general- and regimental-size artillery units, as well as any volunteer military formations and the Zholdak cavalry.
Among the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the Ukrainian Galician Army, it was equivalent to a major, as is the battalion executive officer today.
The original intent of this book was to feature the exploits of Batman and his extended family, such as Alfred Pennyworth, Batgirl, Nightwing, Robin, Oracle, and Catwoman, among others.
Contributors to this section include Jim Lee, John Byrne, John Buscema, Eduardo Risso, Jordi Bernet, José Luis García-López, Kyle Baker, Harlan Ellison, Dave Gibbons, Gene Ha, Gene Colan, Enrique Breccia, Claudio Castellini, Dick Giordano, Christian Alamy, Jason Pearson, Mike Wieringo, Alan Davis, Chris Bachalo, Denys Cowan, John Watkiss, Mike Kaluta, and Whilce Portacio.
Ubertino of Casale (1259 – c. 1329) was an Italian Franciscan and one of the leaders (together with Michael of Cesena) of the Spirituals, the stricter branch of the Franciscan order.
He assumed the Franciscan habit in a convent of the province of Genoa in 1273, and was sent to Paris to continue his studies, where he remained nine years, after which he returned to Italy.
In 1285 he visited the sanctuaries of Rome, and thence proceeded to Greccio, near Rieti, to see John of Parma, who was considered as the patriarch of the Spiritual Friars.
He held a lectorship at Santa Croce, Florence, but abandoned it after a few years to dedicate himself to preaching, especially at Florence.
Being a man of genius, but of an eccentric and restless character, he soon became the leader of the Spirituals in Tuscany.
They publicly criticized the government of the order and Popes Gregory IX and Nicholas III, who had favoured a moderate interpretation of the rule, and Pope Innocent III, who had disapproved of the teaching of Joachim of Fiore, as heretics.
Therefore, Ubertino was summoned before Pope Benedict XI, forbidden to preach at Perugia, and banished to the convent of Monte Alverna.
In the book, Ubertino identified Pope Boniface VIII, another opponent of the Spirituals, and Benedict XI as the first and second beast of the Apocalypse.
In 1307, he was chosen chaplain and familiar to cardinal Napoleone Orsini Frangipani, cardinal-protector of the Spirituals of the Marches of Ancona, but which protectorate soon ceased by the election of Boniface VIII in December 1294.
In 1312-13, he was called to Avignon with other chiefs of the Spirituals to discuss before the pope the questions at issue between the two parties in the order.
Ubertino stayed with Cardinal Giacomo Colonna until 1317, when Pope John XXII allowed him to leave the Franciscan order and enter the Benedictine Abbey of Gembloux, in the Diocese of Liège.
In 1322, Ubertino was called back to Avignon by the Pope to give his opinion on a controversy between Dominicans and Franciscans concerning the poverty of Jesus Christ and the Apostles.
Ubertino asserted that Christ and the Apostles, though they had rejected all property of private persons, made use of goods and money for necessities and alms as ministers of religion.
Ubertino remained in Avignon, in the service of Cardinal Orsini, until 1325, when he was accused of heresy for having defended the condemned opinions of his teacher Peter Olivi.
While the Pope commanded the general of the Franciscans to have him arrested as a heretic, Ubertino probably went to Germany to seek the protection of Louis the Bavarian, whom he is said to have accompanied on his way to Rome in 1328.
Some suppose that he left the Benedictines in 1332 to join the Carthusians, while the 15th century Fraticelli venerated him as saint and a martyr.
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a vertex cover (sometimes node cover) of a graph is a set of vertices such that each edge of the graph is incident to at least one vertex of the set.
The problem of finding a minimum vertex cover is a classical optimization problem in computer science and is a typical example of an NP-hard optimization problem that has an approximation algorithm.
Its decision version, the vertex cover problem, was one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems and is therefore a classical NP-complete problem in computational complexity theory.
The minimum vertex cover problem can be formulated as a half-integral linear program whose dual linear program is the maximum matching problem.
Formally, a vertex cover formula_1 of an undirected graph formula_2 is a subset of formula_3 such that formula_4, that is to say it is a set of vertices formula_1 where every edge has at least one endpoint in the vertex cover formula_1.
The integrality gap of this ILP is formula_22, so its relaxation gives a factor-formula_22 approximation algorithm for the minimum vertex cover problem.
The decision variant of the vertex cover problem is NP-complete, which means it is unlikely that there is an efficient algorithm to solve it exactly for arbitrary graphs.
For bipartite graphs, the equivalence between vertex cover and maximum matching described by Kőnig's theorem allows the bipartite vertex cover problem to be solved in polynomial time.
For tree graphs, an algorithm finds a minimal vertex cover in polynomial time by finding the first leaf in the tree and adding its parent to the minimal vertex cover, then deleting the leaf and parent and all associated edges and continuing repeatedly until no edges remain in the tree.
The klam value of this time bound (an estimate for the largest parameter value that could be solved in a reasonable amount of time) is approximately 190.
That is, unless additional algorithmic improvements can be found, this algorithm is suitable only for instances whose vertex cover number is 190 or less.
Under reasonable complexity-theoretic assumptions, namely the exponential time hypothesis, the running time cannot be improved to 2, even when formula_26 is formula_27.
Using techniques from the PCP theorem, Dinur and Safra proved in 2005 that minimum vertex cover cannot be approximated within a factor of 1.3606 for any sufficiently large vertex degree unless P = NP.
Moreover, if the unique games conjecture is true then minimum vertex cover cannot be approximated within any constant factor better than 2.
Given a collection of sets, a set which intersects all sets in the collection in at least one element is called a hitting set, and a simple NP-hard problem is to find a hitting set of smallest size or minimum hitting set.
By mapping the sets in the collection onto hyperedges, this can be understood as a natural generalization of the vertex cover problem to hypergraphs which is often just called vertex cover for hypergraphs and, in a more combinatorial context, transversal.
Note that we get back the case of vertex covers for simple graphs if the maximum size of the hyperedges is 2.
An instance of set cover can be viewed as an arbitrary bipartite graph, with sets represented by vertices on the left, elements of the universe represented by vertices on the right, and edges representing the inclusion of elements in sets.
In this case, each time global memory is written, the current thread and set of locks held by that thread are stored.
Alejandro Eloy Carrasquel Aparicio (July 24, 1912 – August 19, 1969) was a Venezuelan pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Washington Senators and the Chicago White Sox in a span of eight seasons from 1939–1949.
He was called in to relieve in the eighth inning, with two outs and the bases loaded, and Washington trying to preserve a 3–2 lead.
Carrasquel got the third out by retiring Yankees second baseman Joe Gordon, and then retired Red Ruffing, Frankie Crosetti and Red Rolfe in order in the ninth to preserve the Senators victory.
A month later, on May 30, Carrasquel hit his only career home run, a solo blast off pitcher Nels Potter in a 3–1 loss to the Philadelphia Athletics, which was the first home run hit by a Venezuelan player in a major league game.
In the 1940s, Carrasquel posted positive win-loss records in six consecutive seasons for lousy Senators teams that usually finished below .500.
His most productive season came in 1943, when he when he had a 11-7 record and 3.43 ERA in 39 games (13 starts), including four complete games, one shutout and five saves.
His shutout was also a career highlight on April 25, as he pitched a two-hitter, 5–0 victory against the Philadelphia Athletics at Shibe Park.
Three days later, on May 3, Carrasquel made his third relief appearance and picked up his first win as well as the first by a Venezuelan pitcher in Major League Baseball history when the Senators defeated the St. Louis Browns at Sportsman’s Park.
Washington rallied from a six-run deficit in the sixth, scoring seven runs over the final three innings of the game, en route to an 11–10 road victory.
Carrasquel engaged in a 11-inning pitching duel with Lefty Grove and the score tied at 2–2, until the Red Sox chased him with three runs in the top of the 12th, while the Senators’ rally in the bottom of the inning against Grove and two relievers fell one run short, as the Sox prevailed, 5–4.
Besides, in the 7th inning Carrasquel recorded the first hit by a Venezuelan player in the major leagues when he singled off Grove.
Incidentally, Carrasquel faced a Red Sox starting lineup that had other future Hall of Famers: Joe Cronin, Bobby Doerr, Jimmie Foxx, Ted Williams, and the aforementioned Grove.
On August 13, he won a rematch with the Red Sox at Fenway Park, earning his sixth win of the season on a 6–3, complete game effort.
Although World War II was officially over and baseball's finest players were back in their familiar ranks, tranquility no longer had a place in the majors.
He rejected the deal and fled to play in Mexico, signing a three-year contract – the first shot in the cross-border disputes that would dominate baseball even more than the return of the war veterans.
There were several other players who fled to Mexico, including outfielder Danny Gardella, pitchers Sal Maglie and Max Lanier and catcher Mickey Owen.
When Chicago acquired his nephew Chico Carrasquel in that season, GM Frank Lane swapped Alex to the Detroit Tigers for Cuban reliever Witto Aloma, who acted strictly as an interpreter for the young Venezuelan shortstop.
In an eight-season major league career, Carrasquel posted a 50–39 record with 252 strikeouts, a 3.73 ERA, 30 complete games, four shutouts, 16 saves, and 861 innings pitched in 258 games (64 as a starter).
It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O/min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg).
These criteria include being in a physically and psychologically undisturbed state, in a thermally neutral environment, while in the post-absorptive state (i.e., not actively digesting food).
It follows the same criteria as BMR, but requires the documentation of the temperature at which the metabolic rate was measured.
Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy per unit time that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest.
Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether that individual maintains, gains, or loses weight.
BMR typically declines by 1–2% per decade after age 20, mostly due to loss of fat-free mass, although the variability between individuals is high.
The body's generation of heat is known as thermogenesis and it can be measured to determine the amount of energy expended.
Aerobic (resistance) fitness level, a product of cardiovascular exercise, while previously thought to have effect on BMR, has been shown in the 1990s not to correlate with BMR when adjusted for fat-free body mass.
Illness, previously consumed food and beverages, environmental temperature, and stress levels can affect one's overall energy expenditure as well as one's BMR.
BMR may be measured by gas analysis through either direct or indirect calorimetry, though a rough estimation can be acquired through an equation using age, sex, height, and weight.
Studies of energy metabolism using both methods provide convincing evidence for the validity of the respiratory quotient (RQ), which measures the inherent composition and utilization of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as they are converted to energy substrate units that can be used by the body as energy.
BMR is a flexible trait (it can be reversibly adjusted within individuals), with, for example, lower temperatures generally resulting in higher basal metabolic rates for both birds and rodents.
There are two models to explain how BMR changes in response to temperature: the variable maximum model (VMM) and variable fraction model (VFM).
The VMM states that the summit metabolism (or the maximum metabolic rate in response to the cold) increases during the winter, and that the sustained metabolism (or themetabolic rate that can be indefinitely sustained) remains a constant fraction of the former.
The VFM says that the summit metabolism does not change, but that the sustained metabolism is a larger fraction of it.
This latter measurement has been criticized by Eric Liknes, Sarah Scott, and David Swanson, who say that mass-specific metabolic rates are inconsistent seasonally.
The end destination of migrants affects their BMR: yellow-rumped warblers migrating northward were found to have a 31% higher BMR than those migrating southward.
In other words, the more lean body mass a person has, the higher their BMR; but BMR is also affected by acute illnesses and increases with conditions like burns, fractures, infections, fevers, etc.
Due to the increase in progesterone, BMR rises at the start of the luteal phase and stays at its highest until this phase ends.
Small sample, early studies, found various figures, such as; a 6% higher postovulatory sleep metabolism, a 7% to 15% higher 24 hour expenditure following ovulation, and an increase and a luteal phase BMR increase by up to 12%.
A study by the American Society of Clinical Nutrition found that an experimental group of female volunteers had an 11.5% average increase in 24 hour energy expenditure in the two weeks following ovulation, with a range of 8% to 16%.
This group was measured via simultaneously direct and indirect calorimetry and had standardized daily meals and sedentary schedule in order to prevent the increase from being manipulated by change in food intake or activity level.
A 2011 study conducted by the Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences found that during a woman’s follicular phase and menstrual cycle is no significant difference in BMR, however the calories burned per hour is significantly higher, up to 18%, during the luteal phase.
The early work of the scientists J. Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict showed that approximate values for BMR could be derived using body surface area (computed from height and weight), age, and sex, along with the oxygen and carbon dioxide measures taken from calorimetry.
Exercise physiology textbooks have tables to show the conversion of height and body surface area as they relate to weight and basal metabolic values.
The hypothalamus is located on the diencephalon and forms the floor and part of the lateral walls of the third ventricle of the cerebrum.
All of these functions taken together form a survival mechanism that causes us to sustain the body processes that BMR measures.
For example, a 55 year-old woman weighing 130 lb (59 kg) and 5 feet 6 inches (168 cm) tall would have a BMR of 1272 kcal per day.
These formulas are based on body weight, which does not take into account the difference in metabolic activity between lean body mass and body fat.
The Cunningham formula is commonly cited to predict RMR instead of BMR; however, the formulas provided by Katch-McArdle and Cunningham are the same.
According to this formula, if the woman in the example has a body fat percentage of 30%, her Resting Daily Energy Expenditure (the authors use the term of basal and resting metabolism interchangeably) would be 1262 kcal per day.
One study of 150 adults representative of the population in Scotland reported basal metabolic rates from as low as 1027 kcal per day (4301 kJ/day) to as high as 2499 kcal/day (10455 kJ/day); with a mean BMR of 1500 kcal/day (6279 kJ/day).
This remaining difference was not explained by sex nor by differing tissue size of highly energetic organs such as the brain.
In one study, when comparing individuals with the same lean body mass, the top 5% of BMRs are 1.28–1.32 times the lowest 5% BMR.
Additionally, this study reports a case where two individuals with the same lean body mass of 43 kg had BMRs of 1075 kcal/day (4.5 MJ/day) and 1790 kcal/day (7.5 MJ/day).
About 70% of a human's total energy expenditure is due to the basal life processes taking place in the organs of the body (see table).
All of these processes require an intake of oxygen along with coenzymes to provide energy for survival (usually from macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and expel carbon dioxide, due to processing by the Krebs cycle.
For the BMR, most of the energy is consumed in maintaining fluid levels in tissues through osmoregulation, and only about one-tenth is consumed for mechanical work, such as digestion, heartbeat, and breathing.
What enables the Krebs cycle to perform metabolic changes to fats, carbohydrates, and proteins is energy, which can be defined as the ability or capacity to do work.
The breakdown of proteins into amino acids is an example of catabolism, while the formation of proteins from amino acids is an anabolic process.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the intermediate molecule that drives the exergonic transfer of energy to switch to endergonic anabolic reactions used in muscle contraction.
This is what causes muscles to work which can require a breakdown, and also to build in the rest period, which occurs during the strengthening phase associated with muscular contraction.
ATP is composed of adenine, a nitrogen containing base, ribose, a five carbon sugar (collectively called adenosine), and three phosphate groups.
ATP is a high energy molecule because it stores large amounts of energy in the chemical bonds of the two terminal phosphate groups.
Because the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in all carbohydrates is always the same as that in water—that is, 2 to 1—all of the oxygen consumed by the cells is used to oxidize the carbon in the carbohydrate molecule to form carbon dioxide.
Consequently, during the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water are produced and six molecules of oxygen are consumed.
The chemical composition for fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that fats contain considerably fewer oxygen atoms in proportion to atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
When listed on nutritional information tables, fats are generally divided into six categories: total fats, saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, dietary cholesterol, and trans fatty acid.
From a basal metabolic or resting metabolic perspective, more energy is needed to burn a saturated fatty acid than an unsaturated fatty acid.
The chemical equation for metabolism of the twelve to sixteen carbon atoms in a saturated fatty acid molecule shows the difference between metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids.
Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen arranged in a variety of ways to form a large combination of amino acids.
The reason this is important in the process of understanding protein metabolism is that the body can blend the three macronutrients and based on the mitochondrial density, a preferred ratio can be established which determines how much fuel is utilized in which packets for work accomplished by the muscles.
Protein catabolism (breakdown) has been estimated to supply 10% to 15% of the total energy requirement during a two-hour aerobic training session.
This process could severely degrade the protein structures needed to maintain survival such as contractile properties of proteins in the heart, cellular mitochondria, myoglobin storage, and metabolic enzymes within muscles.
The oxidative system (aerobic) is the primary source of ATP supplied to the body at rest and during low intensity activities and uses primarily carbohydrates and fats as substrates.
Following the onset of activity, as the intensity of the exercise increases, there is a shift in substrate preference from fats to carbohydrates.
Studies published in 1992 and 1997 indicate that the level of aerobic fitness of an individual does not have any correlation with the level of resting metabolism.
Both studies find that aerobic fitness levels do not improve the predictive power of fat free mass for resting metabolic rate.
However, recent research from the Journal of Applied Physiology, published in 2012, compared resistance training and aerobic training on body mass and fat mass in overweight adults (STRRIDE AT/RT).
When you consider time commitments against health benefits, aerobic training is the optimal mode of exercise for reducing fat mass and body mass as a primary consideration, resistance training is good as a secondary factor when aging and lean mass are a concern.
Compared to resistance training, it was found that aerobic training resulted in a significantly more pronounced reduction of body weight by enhancing the cardiovascular system which is what is the principal factor in metabolic utilization of fat substrates.
Resistance training if time is available is also helpful in post-exercise metabolism, but it is an adjunctive factor because the body needs to heal sufficiently between resistance training episodes, whereas with aerobic training, the body can accept this every day.
The majority of studies that are published on this topic look at aerobic exercise because of its efficacy for health and weight management.
Support for this hypothesis comes from the fact that mammals with larger body size have longer maximum life spans (large animals do have higher total metabolic rates, but the metabolic rate at the cellular level is much lower, and the breathing rate and heartbeat are slower in larger animals) and the fact that the longevity of fruit flies varies inversely with ambient temperature.
This theory has been bolstered by several new studies linking lower basal metabolic rate to increased life expectancy, across the animal kingdom—including humans.
Calorie restriction and reduced thyroid hormone levels, both of which decrease the metabolic rate, have been associated with higher longevity in animals.
However, the ratio of total daily energy expenditure to resting metabolic rate can vary between 1.6 and 8.0 between species of mammals.
Animals also vary in the degree of coupling between oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, the amount of saturated fat in mitochondrial membranes, the amount of DNA repair, and many other factors that affect maximum life span.
In allometric scaling, maximum potential life span (MPLS) is directly related to metabolic rate (MR), where MR is the recharge rate of a biomass made up of covalent bonds.
Metabolic efficiency (ME) is then expressed as the efficiency of this coupling, a ratio of amperes captured and used by biomass, to the amperes available for that purpose.
These factors are combined in a power law, an elaboration on Kleiber's law relating MR to W and MPLS, that appears as MR = W^ (4ME-1)/4ME.
When ME is 100%, MR = W^3/4; this is popularly known as quarter power scaling, a version of allometric scaling that is premised upon unrealistic estimates of biological efficiency.
The equation reveals that as ME drops below 20%, for W < one gram, MR/MPLS increases so dramatically as to endow W with virtual immortality by 16%.
All of the cells of an organism fit into this range, i.e., less than one gram, and so this MR will be referred to as BMR.
The equation also shows that for all W > one gram, where W is the organization of all of the BMRs of the organism's structure, but also includes the activity of the structure, as ME increases over 25%, MR/MPLS increases rather than decreases, as it does for BMR.
The ME for the organism is the same as that for the cells, such that the success of the organism's ability to find food (and lower its ME), is key to maintaining the BMR of the cells driven, otherwise, by starvation, to approaching zero; while at the same time a lower ME diminishes the FMR/MPLS of the organism.
Weight training can have a longer impact on metabolism than aerobic training, but there are no known mathematical formulas that can exactly predict the length and duration of a raised metabolism from trophic changes with anabolic neuromuscular training.
Researcher Gary Foster estimates that a very low calorie diet of fewer than 800 calories a day would reduce the metabolic rate by more than 10 percent.
The metabolic rate can be affected by some drugs, such as antithyroid agents, drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism, such as propylthiouracil and methimazole, bring the metabolic rate down to normal and restore euthyroidism.
Some research has focused on developing antiobesity drugs to raise the metabolic rate, such as drugs to stimulate thermogenesis in skeletal muscle.
Heart rate is determined by the medulla oblongata and part of the pons, two organs located inferior to the hypothalamus on the brain stem.
Heart rate is important for basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate because it drives the blood supply, stimulating the Krebs cycle.
The anaerobic threshold is defined as the energy utilization level of heart rate exertion that occurs without oxygen during a standardized test with a specific protocol for accuracy of measurement, such as the Bruce Treadmill protocol (see metabolic equivalent of task).
With four to six weeks of targeted training the body systems can adapt to a higher perfusion of mitochondrial density for increased oxygen availability for the Krebs cycle, or tricarboxylic cycle, or the glycolitic cycle.
By measuring heart rate we can then derive estimations of what level of substrate utilization is actually causing biochemical metabolism in our bodies at rest or in activity.
This in turn can help a person to maintain an appropriate level of consumption and utilization by studying a graphical representation of the anaerobic threshold.
This can be confirmed by blood tests and gas analysis using either direct or indirect calorimetry to show the effect of substrate utilization.
AV+ was devised by the 1998 Jenkins Commission which first proposed the idea as a system that could be used for elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
As the name suggests, AV+ is an Additional Member System which works in two parts: the 'AV' part and the 'plus' part.
The important difference is that an additional group of members would be elected through regional party lists to ensure a degree of proportionality; in typical proposals, these members are 15–20% of the whole body.
More specifically, each voter would get a second vote to elect a county or regional-level representative from a list of candidates of more than one person per party.
The number of votes cast in this vote would decide how many representatives from that county or region would go on to parliament.
Home Secretary Jack Straw, Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott, Chancellor Gordon Brown and Margaret Beckett) and the Labour NEC, all strongly opposed reform of the voting system, and blocked the chance of change at that time.
The report was welcomed by the Liberal Democrats and the SNP, although at the time the Liberal Democrats remained largely committed to STV, but preferred AV+ to First Past the Post.
In June 2009, it was reported by the BBC that the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, was considering changing the electoral system as part of a package of constitutional reform.
In February 2010, the Labour government under Gordon Brown offered a Commons vote on a referendum for an alternative vote system, possibly manoeuvering for political positioning in case of a hung parliament following the general election on May 6.
In a BBC interview on Election Night 2010, Home Secretary Alan Johnson suggested he would like to see the AV+ system introduced if a deal with the Liberal Democrats became necessary.
A national referendum on the Alternative Vote system was granted as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition agreement, but not AV+.
The Jenkins Commission rejected plain AV on the basis that it did little to relieve disproportionality, but favoured it over first-past-the-post as the basis for AV+.
The referendum on AV was held on May 5, 2011 and rejected the proposed AV voting system in favour of retaining First Past the Post.
All Defence Forces officers hold their commission from the President, but in practice the Minister for Defence acts on the President's behalf and reports to the Government of Ireland.
From 1919 onwards, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland that is now known as the War of Independence.
Many IRA men who fought in the War of Independence were dissatisfied with the treaty, and both civil war and reoccupation by the British became possible.
With declining relations between the remaining units of the anti-treaty IRA and the newly recruited pro-treaty National Army, the Irish Civil War broke out on 28 June 1922.
It ended on 24 May 1923 with the IRA Chief of Staff, Frank Aiken, ordering IRA volunteers to dump arms, and the new Irish Free State slipped into an uneasy peace.
A residual IRA organisation, considering itself the legitimist successor of the original IRA (and thus directly challenging the authority of the National Army), carried on low-level paramilitary activities for several decades and eventually gave rise to various other organisations claiming the same name.
The state was officially neutral during World War II but declared an official state of emergency on 2 September 1939 and the Army was mobilised.
As the Emergency progressed, more and newer equipment was purchased for the rapidly expanding force from Britain and the United States as well as some manufactured at home.
German military personnel were interned in the Curragh along with the belligerent powers' servicemen, whereas Allied airmen and sailors who crashed in Ireland were very often repatriated, usually by secretly moving them across the border to Northern Ireland.
G2, the Army's intelligence section, played a vital role in the detection and arrest of German spies, such as Hermann Görtz.
In September 1946, the Naval Service was established as Ireland's maritime force and as a permanent component of the Defence Forces.
The first contribution to peacekeeping was in 1958 when Army officers were assigned to the United Nations Observer Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL).
Since 1958 the Defence Forces have had a continuous presence on armed United Nations peacekeeping operations, except between May 1974 to May 1978 (although they did retain overseas unarmed observer missions during this period).
During the ONUC mission, a company from the Irish Army were involved in a battle at Jadotville, in which the Irish held-out against a larger Katangese force.
A memorial to Irish personnel who served as United Nations peacekeepers was unveiled in 2009 in the town of Fermoy, recording that there was a total of ninety Irish fatalities while on active service with the UN until that date.
During the Troubles, the period of civil conflict centred on Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1998, the Defence Forces deployed to aid the Garda Síochána.
Troops were deployed for duty to the border areas, new border military posts were established, and in 1973 new permanent border units were established.
The Defence Forces are organised under the Chief of Staff (as of 2019, Vice Admiral Mark Mellett DSM), supported by Deputy Chief of Staff Operations (Maj Gen Anthony McKenna ), and the Deputy Chief of Staff Support (Maj General Seán Clancy).
They consist of a Permanent Defence Force (PDF), which is a standing force and provides the main capability for military operations, and the Reserve Defence Forces (RDF), military reserve forces which support the PDF if necessary.
The RDF may be further subdivided into a First Line Reserve (FLR) and a Second Line Reserve; the First Line Reserve comprises former members of the Permanent Defence Force, while the Second Line Reserve comprises an Army Reserve and a Naval Service Reserve (both recruited directly from the civilian population).
Up to late 2012 the army had three brigades: 1 Southern, 2 Eastern and 4 Western; in 2012, 4 Western Brigade stood down at its HQ Custume Barracks, Athlone.
The state is now divided into two Brigade areas for administrative and operational reasons, with the former 4 Western Brigade split between the other two brigades, and in each area, there is an Infantry brigade.
The 1st Brigade has primary responsibility for operational tasks in the southern region, while the 2nd Brigade leads on operational tasks in the eastern and western regions.
These are the Infantry Corps, Artillery Corps, Cavalry Corps, Engineer Corps, Ordnance Corps, Medical Corps, Transport Corps, Military Police Corps, and the Communications and Information Services Corps.
In the case of corps which support the infantry, a Corps Director and staff are provided to coordinate the purchase of specialised equipment, the execution of specialised training, and other necessary activities.
Most weapons used by their defence forces follow NATO standards, and are purchased from abroad, with Ireland having a very limited arms industry.
The Army also use the FV101 Scorpion armoured reconnaissance vehicle, equipped with a 76mm low-velocity gun and a 7.62mm machine gun.
The Air Corps is tasked with the traditional air-force role of defending Irish airspace; however, its practical capability to do so is severely limited and it has no aerial fighter or bomber capability at present.
The Air Corps provide support to the Army and Naval Service, together with non-military air services such as the Emergency Aeromedical (air ambulance) Service, VIP transport, and search and rescue (in support of Coast Guard search and rescue efforts).
The Air Corps' helicopters are the only helicopters within the state capable of flying at night in mountain terrain using night-vision technology.
The Air Corps' two CASA CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft are equipped with detection systems and assist the Naval Service in patrolling Ireland's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone.
These advanced helicopters can be flown using night-vision goggles and used in support of the ARW, Naval Service and Garda Síochána operations.
Seven Pilatus PC-9 turboprop aircraft can be equipped with rocket pods and machine guns, and two Eurocopter EC135 light utility helicopters (which can be used as sniper platforms by the ARW) are used for training pilots and for air-ambulance missions.
The Air Corps conducted over 130 maritime surveillance patrol flights in 2019, and provided medical support to the HSE for patients by conducting over 233 Emergency Aeromedical Service missions and 32 inter-hospital air ambulance transfers.
The Naval Service maintains a complement of about 1,144 personnel, and is tasked with patrolling Irish territorial waters as well as the Irish Conservation Box, a large area of sea in which fishing is restricted to preserve fish numbers.
The Naval Service has nine patrol vessels (1xP30, 2xP40, 2xP50, 4xP60) which are operated in support of the service's primary roles, inflatable seagoing craft, and training vessels.
The Reserve Defence Forces (RDF) in its current form was established in October 2005 and comprises the Army Reserve (AR) and Naval Service Reserve (NSR).
The interests of members of the Defence Forces are represented by a number of representative associations, similar to trade unions (which Irish military personnel are banned from joining).
Officers of the PDF are represented by the Representative Association of Commissioned Officers, Rank-and-file members of the PDF are represented by the Permanent Defence Force Other Ranks Representative Association (PDFORRA), which is affiliated to the Irish Conference of Professional and Service Associations and to the European Organisation of Military Associations, EUROMIL.
Complaints concerning and made by serving and former members of the Defence Forces can be investigated by the independent Office of the Ombudsman for the Defence Forces (ODF), in cases where internal grievance procedures within the DF have been exhausted.
Charles Borromeo (, , 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was the Latin archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and a cardinal of the Catholic Church.
He was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation combat against the Protestant Reformation together with St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Philip Neri.
In that role he was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including the founding of seminaries for the education of priests.
Charles was a descendant of nobility: the Borromeo family was one of the most ancient and wealthy in Lombardy, made famous by several notable men, both in the church and state.
The third son in a family of six children, he was born in the castle of Arona on Lake Maggiore 36 miles from Milan on 2 October 1538.
At this time his paternal uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo turned over to him the income from the rich Benedictine abbey of Sts.
Charles made plain to his father that all revenues from the abbey beyond what was required to prepare him for a career in the Church belonged to the poor and could not be applied to secular use.
Due to a slight impediment of a speech he was regarded as slow but his thoroughness and industry meant that he made rapid progress.
In 1554 his father died, and although he had an elder brother, Count Federico, he was requested by the family to take the management of their domestic affairs.
After a time, he resumed his studies, and on 6 December 1559, he earned a doctorate in canon and civil law.
Shortly thereafter, on 31 January 1560, the pope created him cardinal, and thus Charles as cardinal-nephew was entrusted with both the public and the privy seal of the ecclesiastical state.
He was also brought into the government of the Papal States and appointed a supervisor of the Franciscans, Carmelites and Knights of Malta.
In 1561, Borromeo founded and endowed a college at Pavia, today known as Almo Collegio Borromeo, which he dedicated to St. Justina of Padua.
His family urged Charles to seek permission to return to the lay state (laicization), to marry and have children so that the family name would not become extinct, but he decided not to leave the ecclesiastic state.
His brother's death, along with his contacts with the Jesuits and the Theatines and the example of bishops such as Bartholomew of Braga, were the causes of a conversion of Charles towards a more strict and operative Christian life, and his aim became to put into practice the dignity and duties of the bishop as drafted by the recent Council of Trent.
After his decision to put into practice the role of bishop, he decided to be ordained priest (4 September 1563) and on 7 December 1563 he was consecrated bishop in the Sistine Chapel by Cardinal Giovanni Serbelloni.
Charles was formally appointed archbishop of Milan on 12 May 1564 after the former archbishop Ippolito II d'Este waived his claims on that archbishopric, but he was only allowed by the pope to leave Rome one year later.
Before Charles went to Milan, while he was overseeing reform in Rome, a nobleman remarked that the latter city was no longer a place to enjoy oneself or to make a fortune.
Subsequently, he devoted himself to the reformation of his diocese which had deteriorated in practice owing to the 80-year absence of previous archbishops.
He urged churches to be designed in conformity with the decrees of the Council of Trent, which stated that sacred art and architecture lacking adequate scriptural foundation was in effect prohibited, as was any inclusion of classical pagan elements in religious art.
He extended his reforms to the collegiate churches, monasteries and even to the Confraternities of Penitents, particularly that of St. John the Baptist.
In addition, he founded the fraternity of Oblates of St. Ambrose, a society of secular men who did not take orders, but devoted themselves to the church and followed a discipline of monastic prayers and study.
Borromeo diocesan reforms faced opposition from several religious orders, particularly that of the Humiliati (Brothers of Humility), a penitential order which, although reduced to about 170 members, owned some ninety monasteries.
Some members of that society formed a conspiracy against his life, and a shot was fired at him in the archiepiscopal chapel.
The Governor and many members of the nobility fled the city, but the bishop remained, to organize the care of those affected and to minister to the dying.
Saint Edmund Campion, a Jesuit, along with Saint Ralph Sherwin visited him at Milan in 1580 on their way to England.
The archbishop carried on his person a small picture of John Fisher, who, with Thomas More, had been executed during the reign of Henry VIII, and for whom he held a great veneration.
During the nineteenth-century Catholic restoration in England, Cardinal Wiseman was to institute an order of Oblates of St Charles, led by Henry Edward Manning, as a congregation of secular priests directly supporting the Archbishop of Westminster.
Though the Diet of Ilanz of 1524 and 1526 had proclaimed freedom of worship in the Republic of the Three Leagues, Charles repressed Protestantism in the Swiss valleys.
Reacting to the pressure of the Protestant Reformation, Borromeo encouraged Ludwig Pfyffer in his development of the Golden League, but did not live to see its formation in 1586.
Based in Lucerne, the organization (also called the Borromean League) linked activities of several Swiss Catholic cantons of Switzerland, which became the center of Catholic Counter-Reformation efforts.
It created severe strains in the civil administration of the confederation, and caused the break-up of Appenzell canton along religious lines.
Charged with implementing the reforms dictated by the Council of Trent, his uncompromising stance brought him into conflict with secular leaders, priests, and even the Pope.
The Milanese celebrated his anniversary as though he were already a saint, and supporters in a number of cities collected documentation to support his canonization.
Along with Guarinus of Palestrina and perhaps Anselm of Lucca, he is one of only two or three cardinal-nephews to have been canonized.
He is usually represented in art in his robes, barefoot, carrying the cross as archbishop, a rope around his neck, one hand raised in blessing, thus recalling his work during the plague.
Charles' biography was originally written by three of his contemporaries: Agostino Valerio (afterwards cardinal and Bishop of Verona) and Carlo Bascape (General of the Barnabites, afterwards Bishop of Novara), who wrote their contributions in Latin, and Pietro Giussanno (a priest), who wrote his in Italian.
The Catholic sovereigns of Europe – Henry III of France, Philip II of Spain, Mary, Queen of Scots – and others showed how they valued his influence.
Last was born in Butler, Pennsylvania on October 18, 1929, at the beginning of the Stock Market Crash of 1929, and grew up during the Great Depression.
Both of them were teachers, but his father left teaching to work in a steel mill in hopes of earning a better living.
During the depression, there was no work in the steel mills, but the family managed by growing and preserving its own food.
During World War II, his father worked six to seven days a week, 12 hours a day, under demanding and dangerous physical conditions.
Between his junior and senior year of school, at age 16, he and a friend hitch-hiked to San Jose, California, and worked for the summer picking fruit.
He was encouraged by his chemistry teacher, Lucille Critchlow, who recommended him to work with Frank W. Preston, a local industrial chemist whose laboratory studied glass and glass fracture.
Last began working at Preston's lab as a high-school student, and continued to work for him as a university student, whenever he had a break.
Last graduated from Butler Senior High School in 1947, and applied for a scholarship to study Optics at the University of Rochester.
It was a rigorous program, and three-quarters of the entering class had dropped out by the time the program was finished.
The program had close ties to Eastman Kodak and to Bausch & Lomb: Last's class in optical design was taught by Rudolph Kingslake of Kodak.
He had become increasingly interested in physics, and was encouraged by an advisor, Parker Givens, to become involved in the emerging area of solid-state physics.
After accepting an offer to study at MIT, he joined the laboratory of physicist Arthur R. von Hippel, and studied the physical structure of ferroelectric materials.
A material he was working with, barium titanate, underwent unusual structural changes when it became ferroelectric, requiring Last to study it using infrared spectroscopy.
Last used a new instrument, a Beckman IR-3 spectrophotometer, and worked closely with staff from Beckman Instruments to report and fix problems.
With possibilities of working at General Electric, at Bell Laboratories, and at Beckman Instruments, he was referred by Arnold Beckman to William Shockley.
Last spent much of his time working on basic surface properties of materials, trying to explain anomalous results from four-layer silicon diodes.
In January 1957, a group of seven employees, including Last, appealed to Arnold Beckman to ask that he intervene in the company's operations.
The dissatisfied scientists included much of the core technical talent of the project: Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, and Robert Noyce.
Initially looking for another company to join, they began to consider the possibility of creating their own company, with the support of Wall Street investors.
On September 18, 1957, Last and the others formally resigned from Shockley Semiconductor to form Fairchild Semiconductor, as a division of Sherman Fairchild's Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation.
At Fairchild Semiconductor Last worked as Head of Integrated Circuit Development and was instrumental in the creation of the first silicon circuit chips.
They developed complementary NPN and PNP transistors which could be used as a matched pair in a variety of circuit applications.
Scaling up to production of components in quantity presented major technological challenges, and Moore's NPN transistor was ready for production before Hoerni's PNP transistor.
The speed with which it had been developed gave Fairchild a virtual monopoly on the fast-growing market for the next year.
Many of the techniques developed at Fairchild became foundational to the creation of both transistors and integrated circuits by the semi-conductor industry.
By the summer of 1960, Jay Last's Fairchild Semiconductor team succeeded in building and demonstrating the first working planar integrated circuits.
The working group included Jay Last, Bob Norman, Isy Haas, Lionel Kattner, James Nall, James Wilkerson, Gary Tripp, Robert Marlin, Chester Gunter, Jerry Lessard, and Melvin Hoar.
As of September 1960, Last's Micrologic section was pursuing three possible approaches for creating micro-circuitry: Phase I (hybrid circuits), Phase II (physically isolated integrated circuits) and Phase III (diffusion or electrically isolated integrated circuits).
The electrically isolated circuits were initially a side project of Hass and Kattner, who worked on the idea in their own time.
Lionel Kattner took over the Fairchild transistor project and eventually, with the approval of Gordon Moore, put a family of transistors into production by the end of 1961.
Once again, Last was in the position of resigning from one company so that he could develop new technology in another company.
The excitement of discovering and developing something new in an entrepreurial setting appealed to Last much more than iterative development and production of known technology.
Henry Earl Singleton and George Kozmetsky formed Teledyne (originally named Instrument Systems) by acquiring smaller companies, with the intention of positioning themselves to create integrated circuits for advanced military systems.
By targeting specialty military applications as their primary market, Teledyne avoided putting itself in direct competition with Fairchild, and stayed on generally good terms with the larger company.
Last insisted on staying in the area that became Silicon Valley, because it was developing the necessary infrastructure for obtaining materials, equipment and personnel.
From 1966 to 1974 Last served as Vice President of Research and Development for Teledyne, moving to Los Angeles, California to work more closely with George Roberts.
His role became one of higher level oversight and trouble-shooting, reviewing the technological capabilities and viability of various companies within Teledyne.
The show focused on the eight pioneering innovators, including Last, who defected from Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory to start Fairchild Semiconductor, and turned Santa Clara County, California, into the center of technological ingenuity.
In the program, Last reflected on how, at age 16, between his junior and senior years of high school, he hitchhiked to California and spent the summer picking apricots in Santa Clara Valley.
Last also talked about the day that William Shockley showed up in Last's laboratory at MIT and offered him a job at his company.
From 1982 to 2010, he was president of California-based Hillcrest Press, which publishes fine art books on the history of American painting.
The Conservancy buys sites of archaeological interest through private sale from landowners, to prevent their sale or destruction, and develops conservation plans for their protection.
Last became interested in Africa and African art after visiting the Museum of Primitive Art in New York in the 1950s.
He became a significant collector, specializing in art from West and Central Africa, particularly works of the Lega people of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Beginning in 1973, Last and his wife Deborah have given more than 660 works to the Fowler Museum at UCLA, including a 2013 gift of 92 Lega wood and ivory figures, masks, tools and spoons.
In the Irish Calendar The Old Cows Days/The Days of the Brindled Cow are the last days of March and the first three days of April; in .
As the grumbling of the cow continued, the at first uninterested March began to take umbrage and decided to teach the speckled cow a lesson she would never forget.
He has since returned to the UK and has worked on some games as well as appearing at conventions and in documentaries.
He lived in a Dutch commune from around 1995 but was deported from the Netherlands in October 1997 and returned to Britain, saying that he had failed to keep his residency papers in order.
In 2013, Smith was working on producing a new game with Elite Systems, who have republished his original games on mobile platforms.
It is the core language of the Poplog programming environment developed originally by the University of Sussex, and recently in the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, which hosts the main Poplog website.
POP-11 is an evolution of the language POP-2, developed in Edinburgh University, and features an open stack model (like Forth, among others).
It is mainly procedural, but supports declarative language constructs, including a pattern matcher, and is mostly used for research and teaching in artificial intelligence, although it has features sufficient for many other classes of problems.
It is often used to introduce symbolic programming techniques to programmers of more conventional languages like Pascal, who find POP syntax more familiar than that of Lisp.
The availability of the compiler and compiler subroutines at run-time (a requirement for incremental compilation) gives it the ability to support a far wider range of extensions (including run-time extensions, such as adding new data-types) than would be possible using only a macro facility.
This made it possible for (optional) incremental compilers to be added for Prolog, Common Lisp and Standard ML, which could be added as required to support either mixed language development or development in the second language without using any POP-11 constructs.
This made it possible for Poplog to be used by teachers, researchers, and developers who were interested in only one of the languages.
After SPSS bought ISL they decided to port Clementine to C++ and Java, and eventually succeeded with great effort (and perhaps some loss of the flexibility provided by the use of an AI language).
POP-11 was for a time available only as part of an expensive commercial package (Poplog), but since about 1999 it has been freely available as part of the Open Source version of Poplog, including various additional packages and teaching libraries.
At the University of Sussex, David Young used POP-11 in combination with C and Fortran to develop a suite of teaching and interactive development tools for image processing and vision, and has made them available in the Popvision extension to Poplog.
Examples using the POP-11 pattern matcher, which makes it relatively easy for students to learn to develop sophisticated list-processing programs without having to treat patterns as tree structures accessed by 'head' and 'tail' functions (CAR and CDR in Lisp), can be found in the online introductory tutorial.
Some of the powerful features of the toolkit, such as linking pattern variables to inline code variables, would have been very difficult to implement without the incremental compiler facilities.
The military and political career of Simón Bolívar, (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830), which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exiled patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830, was an important element in the success of the independence wars in South America.
Given the unstable political climate during these years, Bolívar and other patriot leaders, such as Santiago Mariño, Manuel Piar, José Francisco Bermúdez and Francisco de Paula Santander often had to go into exile in the Caribbean or nearby areas of Spanish America that at the moment were controlled by those favoring independence, and from there, carry on the struggle.
These wars resulted in the creation of several South American states out of the former Spanish colonies, the currently existing Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and the now defunct Gran Colombia.
Despite claiming such a role since 1813, he began to achieve this only in 1817, and consolidated his hold on power after his dramatic and unexpected victory in New Granada in 1819.
His second challenge was implementing a vision of unifying the region into one large state, which he believed (and most would agree, correctly) would be the only guarantee of maintaining American independence from the Spanish in northern South America.
His early experiences under the First Venezuelan Republic and in New Granada convinced him that divisions among republicans, augmented by federal forms of government, only allowed Spanish American royalists to eventually gain the upper hand.
Once again, it was his victory in 1819 that gave him the leverage to bring about the creation of a unified state, Gran Colombia, with which to oppose the Spanish Monarchy on the continent.
The idea of independence for Spanish America had existed for several years among a minority of the residents of northern South America.
In 1797 the Venezuelans Manuel Gual and José María España, inspired by exiled Spaniard Juan Bautista Picornell, unsuccessfully attempted to establish a republic in Venezuela with greater social equality for Venezuelans of all racial and social backgrounds.
Nine years later, in 1806 long-time Venezuelan expatriate Francisco de Miranda led a small group of mostly British and American foreign volunteers in an attempt to take over Venezuela and set up an independent republic.
Like Gual and España's conspiracy, Miranda's putsch failed to attract Venezuelans of any social and economic class, in fact local Venezuelans organized the resistance to Miranda's invasion and quickly dispersed it.
The lack of interest on the part of the Venezuelan Criollos is often explained by their fear that the loss of the removal of Spanish control might bring about a revolution that would destroy their own power in Venezuela.
So the Criollos' failure to support Gual, España and Miranda, which would have created a state under their control, needs to also be understood by the fact that a national identity separate from the Spanish had not yet emerged among them.
In 1779 the Revolt of the Comuneros pitted middle-class and rural residents against the royal authorities over the issue of new taxes instituted as part of the Bourbon Reforms.
Although the revolt was stopped and the leaders punished or executed, the uprising did manage to slow down the economic reforms that the Crown had planned for New Granada.
Again, this was a minority and not necessarily a sign that the majority in New Granada did not see themselves as members of the Spanish Monarchy.
The crisis was precipitated by Napoleon's removal of Bourbon Dynasty from the throne of Spain (he convinced Ferdinand VII to abdicate, and his father Charles IV to renounce any claim to returning to the throne he had abdicated only months earlier) and his invasion of Spain.
As the entire Spanish world rejected the new Bonaparte Dynasty (Napoleon gave the crown of Spain to his brother, the King of Naples and Sicily), Spain itself fell into chaos and it took almost a year for a coordinated, centralized provisional government (the Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies) to form.
Even then, the rapid and large French advances in the Peninsula seemed to make the idea of a stable government in Spain pointless.
Throughout Spanish America, people felt it was time to take the government into their own hands, if a Spanish world, independent of the French, were to continue to exist at all, and therefore in 1810 juntas were set up throughout the Americas, including in Caracas and Bogotá, just as they had been in Spain two years earlier.
In 1809 a twenty-six-year-old Bolívar had retreated to his estate in the Valleys of Aragua, refusing to openly participate in calls for the establishment of a Venezuelan junta, because the plans did not consider the option of independence.
The new Junta of Caracas chose him to be part of a delegation to the United Kingdom to seek British aid.
The delegation did not have much success, but Bolívar did return in December 1810 with Francisco de Miranda, who saw an opportunity in the political turmoil to return to Venezuela.
Civil war broke out between the provinces of Venezuela that recognized the Caracas Junta and those that still recognized the Regency in Spain that had replaced the Supreme Central Junta.
The situation became more tense when a congress, called by the Caracas Junta, declared independence on July 5, 1811, sparking rebellions in favor of the Regency and Cádiz Cortes in Valencia.
At the same time that Frigate Captain Domingo de Monteverde was making fast and vast advances into republican territory from the west (his forces had entered Valencia on May 3, 1812), Bolívar lost control of San Felipe Castle along with its ammunition stores on June 30, when the royalist prisoners held there managed to take it over and attack the small number of troops in the city.
The terms of the Capitulation of San Mateo, which Monteverde approved but which Miranda never came to sign, granted amnesty and the right to emigrate from Venezuela to all republicans, if they chose to do so.
Nevertheless, there was great confusion among the republicans as to what the treaty actually contained or if Monteverde would keep his word.
In the early morning of August 1, Miranda was sleeping in the house of the commandant of La Guaira, Colonel Manuel María Casas, when he was awakened by Casas, Bolívar, Miguel Peña and four other soldiers, who promptly arrested Miranda for treason to the Republic and turned him over to Monteverde.
For his apparent services to the royalist cause, Monteverde granted Bolívar a passport, and Bolívar left for Curaçao on August 27.
Many of the republicans who had stayed behind were arrested and the property of many republicans, both in Venezuela and in exile, were confiscated to make up for the large deficits the government faced.
Bolívar decided to rejoin the patriot cause and made his way to Cartagena de Indias, which had established itself as an independent republic on November 11, 1811 (in reaction as much to events in Spain as to attempts by the junta in Bogotá to control it) and joined a few days later in a confederation with four other provinces, the United Provinces of New Granada.
In the weeks before arriving in Cartagena in October 1812, Bolívar began to analyze the collapse of the Venezuelan republic and published his thoughts in December in his Cartagena Manifesto.
In the document Bolívar blamed the failure on the federal nature of the Venezuelan republic, which had allowed provinces to ignore the needs of other provinces threatened by Monteverde's advance, and the intransigence of the Venezuelan population to the republican cause, among other things.
He saw the Venezuelan case as a warning to the divided New Granada and urged it to retake Caracas from the royalists.
He enlisted as an officer in the army of the New Granadan Union and led forces in the Magdalena Campaign against cities in the lower Magdalena River that had refused to accept Cartagena's authority or that of the Union, and then attacked Ocaña.
His success in these operations convinced the congress of the Union to authorize his plans to invade Venezuela in May 1813, and thus began his Admirable Campaign.
Monteverde's troops had already carried out atrocities: he had allowed his soldiers to loot many of the cities he occupied and several of his commanders became notorious for torturing and killing civilians suspected of collaborating with the Republic.
Bolívar also faced the fact that by 1813 much of the older aristocrats, who had led the republic, had abandoned the cause of independence, and the general population had turned against republicanism even before its collapse.
In order to drive a wedge between Venezuelans and Peninsulares, Bolívar's instituted a policy of no quarter in his Decree of War to the Death, in which he promised to kill any Peninsular who did not actively support his efforts to restore independence and to spare any American even if they actively collaborated with Monteverde or the royalists.
Bolívar's push towards Caracas was aided by the fact that the general population, which had welcomed Monteverde a year earlier, had become disillusioned by his failure to implement the terms of the San Mateo Capitulation or the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which the capitulation promised.
Monteverde also faced attacks on two fronts, since Santiago Mariño had already opened a front on the east in January 1813.
Bolívar's forces easily defeated the overtaxed and underpaid royalist army in a series of battles, entered Caracas on August 6, 1813, and laid siege to Monteverde, who had retreated to Puerto Cabello.
In Caracas Bolívar announced the restoration of the Venezuelan Republic, but placed himself at the head of a military government, since the situation did not allow for the restoration of the old authorities or new elections.
Bolívar would base his subsequent and enduring claim to be the sole head of the Venezuelan republic and commander-in-chief of its forces on this accomplishment, although even at this time he was not universally acknowledged as head of the state or the republican forces.
It was during this period that the republican city fathers of Caracas, following the example of Mérida, granted Bolívar the title of Liberator and office of captain general in the Church of San Francisco (the more appropriate site, the Cathedral of Caracas, was still damaged from the 1812 earthquake).
Turning the tide against independence, these highly mobile, ferocious fighters made up a formidable military force that pushed Bolívar out of his home country once more.
The combined forces of Mariño's and Bolívar were defeated again at Aragua de Barcelona on August 18, at a cost of 2,000 royalist casualties of the 10,000 troops they fielded, most of the 3,000 combatants in the republican army, in addition to many civilian casualties.
Due to their series of repeated reverses both Bolívar and Mariño were arrested and removed from power by José Félix Ribas and Manuel Piar, each representing the two republican commands then in place in Venezuela.
On September 8, Bolívar and Mariño set sail for Cartagena de Indias, leaving Piar and Ribas to lead the increasingly encircled republicans.
Once in Spain, however, Ferdinand was not pleased by the revolution in government that had been undertaken in his name, and by May he had abolished the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and began persecuting and arresting the liberals responsible for its creation.
To deal with the Americas, Ferdinand organized the largest expeditionary force that Spain ever sent to the Americas up to that time.
Originally, they were to head for Montevideo in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, another region that had fallen out of royalist control, but soon it was decided to send these forces to the Venezuela and New Granada, where the war had become exceedingly savage.
Realizing that this change in plans would not go over well with the soldiers, the news was kept from them until they were at sea.
When the expeditionary force arrived in Venezuela, it found that most of it had been restored to royalist control, save for Margarita Island, which surrendered to it with no blood shed.
With Venezuela pacified, plans were quickly made to subdue neighboring New Granada, and the bulk of the troops moved to the coastal city of Santa Marta, which had remained in royalist hands since 1810.
Like many other Venezuelan republicans who fled to New Granada after the second wave of royalist victories, Bolívar once again entered into the service of the United Provinces and fought against cities that had refused to acknowledge its authority.
His forces took Bogotá on December 12, 1814, after an eight-month-long war, and was promoted to captain general for his efforts.
He was then given the task of capturing the royalist stronghold, Santa Marta, but Cartagena, the obvious base from which to launch this offensive, refused to give him the necessary soldiers and supplies, so infighting broke out.
As Santa Martan forces gained ground against the divided republicans in northern New Granada, Bolívar left for Jamaica on May 8, 1815.
His famous Letter from Jamaica, though ostensibly written to one man, was an appeal to Great Britain specifically and the European powers in general to aid the cause of Spanish American independence, but it found no significant response.
So he turned to the small and isolated republic of Haiti, that had freed itself from French rule, but being composed of mostly former slaves, received little aid from either the United States or Europe.
The growing exile community would receive money, volunteers and weapons from the Haitian president enabling them to resume plans to continue the struggle for independence.
There was debate, however, over who should be in charge, but his ability to win over Pétion and a Curaçaoan sea merchant, Luis Brión (he is traditionally referred to by the Spanish form of his name), who had just acquired a much-needed warship in England to aid the embattled Cartagenan Republic, forced the other Venezuelan leaders to grudgingly accept his leadership.
Bolívar proclaimed the restoration of the Venezuelan Republic and in two decrees of June 2 and July 16 declared the freedom of slaves conditional on their joining the republican forces.
Shortly thereafter, Margarita Island, safely separated by water from Morillo's forces, rejoined the republican cause and became a second base of operations.
On July 14 Bolívar led an assault against Ocumare de la Costa, which ended in a debacle in which Bolívar abandoned Mariño, Piar and the rest of his forces, and fled by sea.
Piar's forces managed to fight their way from the Caribbean coast to the southern Llanos, where the vast and underpopulated terrain and the forces forming under José Antonio Páez protected them from the royalist army.
Mariño retreated to his home province of Cumaná, where he could rely on personal connections to maintain a base of operations.
In the intervening months the divided republican leaders unable to agree on a single leader, decided to compromise and in October offered Bolívar the military command, with the understanding that a separate civilian government would be formed.
In Haiti Bolívar gathered new supplies and organized a second expedition, named by history as the Jacmel Expedition for the city from which it departed, and on December 31, 1816, landed in Barcelona controlled by Mariño, who by this point barely accepted Bolívar as head of the republicans.
The river's tributaries also provided access to the Venezuelan and New Granadan Llanos to the west, especially those in Casanare, where refugees from Morillo's troops had organized themselves under Francisco de Paula Santander.
The eight-member Congress proposed to restore the 1811 Constitution and establish a permanent government that could negotiate a recognition by other nations.
The Congress restored the triumvirate and selected Fernando Rodríguez del Toro (who was at the moment exiled in Trinidad), Francisco Javier Mayz (one of the eight deputies of the Congress) and Simón Bolívar as the new triumvirate.
To replace in an interim manner the two who were not present, the Congress chose Francisco Antonio Zea and Canon Cortés de Madariaga.
It sent word to Bolívar to present himself as soon as military conditions permitted to take his place in the triumvirate.
Less than a month later, Rafael Urdaneta and Antonio José de Sucre, who remained loyal to Bolívar, lead a group of officers that forced the triumvirate to dissolve itself.
It was clear to Bolívar by mid-1817 that he need to set a clear example that he would not tolerate challenges to his leadership.
Although Piar's crime had ostensibly been fomenting racial hatred, it was understood that his true crime had been not recognizing Bolívar authority.
After Piar's execution, Mariño, whom Bolívar's confidant and chronicler Daniel Florencio O'Leary later admitted had been more guilty of insubordination than Piar, fell in line and dropped any other pretensions to an independent leadership.
Nevertheless, by the end of the year, the republicans were secure enough in southern Venezuela, that Bolívar felt it was time to convene a new Venezuelan congress to give the republican government a permanent form.
Elections were held in republican areas and to pick representatives of the provinces of Venezuela and New Granada under royalist control, among the troops of those areas.
After the opening of the Congress, Bolívar conceived of a daring, yet risky, plan of attacking New Granada which had been a Spanish stronghold for the past three years.
Central New Granada held great promise since, unlike Venezuela, it had only been recently conquered by Morillo and it had a prior six-year experience of independent government.
Morillo's forces would be evacuated from the Llanos for months and no one would anticipate that Bolívar's troops would be on the move.
With only the forces he and Santander had recruited in the Apure and Meta River regions, Bolívar set off in June 1819.
It took a route that went from the hot and humid, flood-swept plains of Colombia to the icy mountain pass of the Páramo de Pisba, at an altitude of 3,960 meters (13,000 feet), through the Cordillera Oriental.
Despite some intelligence that Bolívar was on the move, the Spanish considered the route impassable, and therefore, they were taken by surprise when Bolívar's small army emerged from the mountains on July 5.
In a series of battles under the auspices of Francisco Mariño y Soler the republican army cleared its way to Bogotá.
First at the Battle of Vargas Swamp on July 25, Bolívar intercepted a royalist force attempting to reach the poorly defended capital.
On receiving the news, the viceroy, Juan José de Sámano, and the rest of royalist government fled the capital so fast that they left behind the treasury, an incredible coup for Bolívar and Santander.
With New Granada secure under Santander's control, Bolívar could return to Venezuela in a position of unprecedented military, political and financial strength.
By year's end Bolívar presented himself before the Congress and asked it to decree the union of Venezuela and New Granada in a new state, Colombia.
The Constitution that the Congress had just written for Venezuela became null and void and a new congress was set to convene within two years.
Morillo no longer had the upper hand militarily and by late March reports began to arrive about the success of the Riego Revolt.
Although this might have been true in parts of Spanish America at the start of the decade, by 1820 most Spanish Americans did not trust Fernando VII to keep his oath to the Constitution for long.
More importantly, it had always been Bolívar's stance that the wars were between two sovereign states, and therefore, the question of reconciling with the Spanish Monarchy under the 1812 Constitution was never a consideration.
Despite this, Morillo continued with negotiations and focused on getting a ceasefire and bringing the war in line with the law of nations.
This was achieved in two treaties signed on November 25 and 26 in Santa Ana de Trujillo, which established a six-month cessation of hostilities and regularized the rules of engagement.
The negotiations were also important because the Spanish government for the first time tacitly granted Colombia national status, rather than seeing its representatives as mere rebels.
By the end of the year, the Constitutional government granted Morillo his long-standing request to resign and he left South America.
La Torre took this to be a violation of the truce, and although the republicans argued that Maracaibo had switched sides of its own volition, both sides began to prepare for renewed war.
The fate of Venezuela was sealed, when Bolívar returned to Venezuela in April 1821, leading an army of 7,000 from New Granada.
At the Battle of Carabobo on June 24, the Colombian forces decisively defeated the royalist forces, assuring control of Venezuela, save for Puerto Cabello and guaranteeing Venezuelan independence.
Hostilities continued until the surrender of Puerto Cabello in 1823, but the main front of the war now moved to southern New Granada and Quito.
With the Spanish Monarchy collapsing in South America and the uncertainty of constitutional rule in Spain, provinces of the Presidency of Quito began to declare independence.
Quito remained in royalist control under the Audiencia President, Field Marshal Melchior Aymerich, and by January 1821 had defeated the forces sent by Guayaquil against it.
Bolívar was determined to ensure that the Presidency of Quito become part of Gran Colombia and not remain a collection of small, divided republics.
To this end, Colombian aid in the form of supplies and an army under Antonio José de Sucre began to arrive in Guayaquil in February.
He had been declared Protector of Peruvian Freedom, in August 1821 after liberating parts of the country, but the important cities and provinces still remained royalist.
Bolívar and San Martín held a meeting in Guayaquil on July 26 and 27, 1822, in which they discussed plans to liberate Peru and it was decided that Bolívar and Gran Colombia would take over the task of fully liberating Peru.
On February 10, 1824, Bolívar was given immense political powers when a Peruvian congress named him dictator of Peru, which made Bolívar the head of state of a second country and allowed Bolívar to completely reorganize the political and military administration of Peru.
Bolívar, assisted by Sucre, decisively defeated the remnants of the royalist cavalry on August 6, 1824, at the Battle of Junín.
Bolívar was now president of both Gran Colombia and Peru and had been granted extraordinary powers by the legislatures of both countries to carry out the war against the Spanish Monarchy.
Since Bolívar was tied up with the administration of Quito and Peru, the liberation of Upper Peru fell to Sucre and O'Connor, and within a year in April 1825, the task had been completed.
A congress of Upper Peru on August 6, 1825, chose to name the new nation after the Liberator and called it the Republic of Bolívar.
And dissension began to brew in the north as the regions of Gran Colombia began to chafe under the centralized government.
During 1826, internal divisions had sparked dissent throughout the nation and regional uprisings erupted in Venezuela, and Gran Colombia appeared to be on the verge of collapse.
An amnesty was declared and an arrangement was reached with the Venezuelan rebels, but political dissent appeared in New Granada as a consequence of this.
In an attempt to keep the nation together, Bolívar called for a constitutional convention at Ocaña to be held in April 1828.
To prevent the splintering of Gran Colombia, Bolívar proposed to introduce an even more centralist model of government, including some or all of the elements he had been able to place in the Bolivian constitution: a lifetime presidency with the ability to select a successor, and a hereditary third chamber of the legislature.
These proposals were deemed anti-liberal and met with strong opposition, including from a faction forming around Santander, who by now was openly opposed to Bolívar politically.
Addressing these fears, the Congress went in the opposite direction that Bolívar had hoped, and drafted a document which would have implemented a radically federalist form of government with greatly reduced the powers for the central administration.
He considered this as a temporary measure, as a means to reestablish his authority and save the republic, though it only increased dissatisfaction and anger among his political opponents.
His closest political ally at the time, Sucre, who was intending to retire from public life, had been murdered earlier on June 4, 1830.
Many of the officers who had fought by him were not only involved in the revolts that led to the dissolution of Gran Colombia, but continued to play important political and military roles in the decades and wars that followed.
Because water has good properties as a coolant, water plus antifreeze is used in internal combustion engines and other heat transfer applications, such as HVAC chillers and solar water heaters.
Careful selection of an antifreeze can enable a wide temperature range in which the mixture remains in the liquid phase, which is critical to efficient heat transfer and the proper functioning of heat exchangers.
Salts are frequently used for de-icing, but salt solutions are not used for cooling systems because they induce corrosion of metals.
The term engine coolant is widely used in the automotive industry, which covers its primary function of convective heat transfer for internal combustion engines.
When used in an automotive context, corrosion inhibitors are added to help protect vehicles' radiators, which often contain a range of electrochemically incompatible metals (aluminum, cast iron, copper, brass, solder, et cetera).
On the other hand, if the engine coolant gets too hot, it might boil while inside the engine, causing voids (pockets of steam), leading to localized hot spots and the catastrophic failure of the engine.
With proper antifreeze, a wide temperature range can be tolerated by the engine coolant, such as to for 50% (by volume) propylene glycol diluted with water and a 15 psi pressurized coolant system.
The most common water-based antifreeze solutions used in electronics cooling are mixtures of water and either ethylene glycol (EGW) or propylene glycol (PGW).
However, EGW solutions formulated for the automotive industry often have silicate based rust inhibitors that can coat and/or clog heat exchanger surfaces.
Ethylene glycol has desirable thermal properties, including a high boiling point, low freezing point, stability over a wide range of temperatures, and high specific heat and thermal conductivity.
Although EGW has more desirable physical properties than PGW, the latter coolant is used in applications where toxicity might be a concern.
PGW is generally recognized as safe for use in food or food processing applications, and can also be used in enclosed spaces.
Many formulations have corrosion inhibitors, and it is expected that these chemicals will be replenished (manually or under automatic control) to keep expensive piping and equipment from corroding.
Most antifreeze is made by mixing distilled water with additives and a base product – MEG (Mono ethylene glycol) or MPG (Mono propylene glycol).
They are used today for a variety of applications, including automobiles, but there are lower-toxicity alternatives made with propylene glycol available.
When ethylene glycol is used in a system, it may become oxidized to five organic acids (formic, oxalic, glycolic, glyoxalic and acetic acid).
Inhibited ethylene glycol antifreeze mixes are available, with additives that buffer the pH and reserve alkalinity of the solution to prevent oxidation of ethylene glycol and formation of these acids.
The toxic effects of ingesting ethylene glycol occur because it is converted by the liver into 4 other chemicals that are much more toxic.
The lethal dose of pure ethylene glycol is 1.4 ml/kg (3 ounces is lethal to a 140-pound person) but is much less lethal if treated within an hour.
It is used as antifreeze where ethylene glycol would be inappropriate, such as in food-processing systems or in water pipes in homes where incidental ingestion may be possible.
Maintenance of systems using glycol solution includes regular monitoring of freeze protection, pH, specific gravity, inhibitor level, color, and biological contamination.
When an aqueous solution of propylene glycol in a cooling or heating system develops a reddish or black color, this indicates that iron in the system is corroding significantly.
In the absence of inhibitors, propylene glycol can react with oxygen and metal ions, generating various compounds including organic acids (e.g., formic, oxalic, acetic).
If engine coolant leaks, boils, or if the cooling system needs to be drained and refilled, the antifreeze's freeze protection will need to be considered.
Although ethylene glycol hydrometers are widely available and mass-marketed for antifreeze testing, they give false readings at high temperatures because specific gravity changes with temperature.
Propylene glycol solutions cannot be tested using specific gravity because of ambiguous results (40% and 100% solutions have the same specific gravity).
Most commercial antifreeze formulations include corrosion inhibiting compounds, and a colored dye (commonly a fluorescent green, red, orange, yellow, or blue) to aid in identification.
In warmer or colder areas, weaker or stronger dilutions are used, respectively, but a range of 40%/60% to 60%/40% is frequently specified to ensure corrosion protection, and 70%/30% for maximum freeze prevention down to .
Larger systems (such as HVAC systems) are often monitored by specialist firms which take responsibility for adding corrosion inhibitors and regulating coolant composition.
For simplicity, most automotive manufacturers recommend periodic complete replacement of engine coolant, to simultaneously renew corrosion inhibitors and remove accumulated contaminants.
Certain cars are built with organic acid technology (OAT) antifreeze (e.g., DEX-COOL), or with a hybrid organic acid technology (HOAT) formulation (e.g., Zerex G-05), both of which are claimed to have an extended service life of five years or .
Litigation has linked it with intake manifold gasket failures in General Motors' (GM's) 3.1L and 3.4L engines, and with other failures in 3.8L and 4.3L engines.
One of the anti-corrosion components presented as sodium or potassium 2-ethylhexanoate and ethylhexanoic acid is incompatible with nylon 6,6 and silicone rubber, and is a known plasticizer.
GM (Motors Liquidation Company) filed for bankruptcy in 2009, which tied up the outstanding claims until a court determines who gets paid.
DEX-COOL antifreeze uses two inhibitors: sebacate and 2-EHA (2-ethylhexanoic acid), the latter which works well with the hard water found in the United States, but is a plasticizer that can cause gaskets to leak.
According to internal GM documents, the ultimate culprit appears to be operating vehicles for long periods of time with low coolant levels.
This exposes hot engine components to air and vapors, causing corrosion and contamination of the coolant with iron oxide particles, which in turn can aggravate the pressure cap problem as contamination holds the caps open permanently.
All automotive antifreeze formulations, including the newer organic acid (OAT antifreeze) formulations, are environmentally hazardous because of the blend of additives (around 5%), including lubricants, buffers and corrosion inhibitors.
Because the additives in antifreeze are proprietary, the safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer list only those compounds which are considered to be significant safety hazards when used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Disodium fluorescein dye is added to conventional ethylene glycol formulas to visually distinguish leaked amounts from other vehicle fluids, and as a marker of type to distinguish it from incompatible types.
The unpleasant odor in industrial use tolytriazole comes from impurities in the product that are formed from the toluidine isomers (ortho-, meta- and para-toluidine) and meta-diamino toluene which are side-products in the manufacture of tolytriazole.
Its formation was prompted by the high level of indirect taxation as a proportion of the Isle of Man Government's income.
The founders of the party saw that as being unfair to the poorest in society and wanted to increase the reliance on income taxation instead.
Between 1919, when Labour Party candidates stood in every constituency on the island bar one, and 1946, the party won between four and seven seats in the House of Keys.
At the 1946 election the party had high hopes of emulating the British Labour Party's success in the 1945 UK general election and contested the election on a staunchly socialist manifesto.
During the 1950s and 1960s the party made a limited recovery, but it has never been able to achieve the level of representation it had before 1946.
In the 2001 election, the party polled the highest percentage of votes (17.3%) among the parties standing, and two of its three candidates won seats.
However, independent candidates won the vast bulk of the votes and seats at the election, and the political pressure group, Alliance for Progressive Government, won more seats (three), despite getting a smaller share of the vote (14.6%).
The Liberal Vannin Party, was founded by Peter Karran who was, until 2004, a Member of the House of Keys for the Manx Labour Party.
In March 2013 Michael Ronald Coleman, who had previously failed in his bid to be popularly elected to the House of Keys in the 2006 general election (16.3% of the poll), was made a member of the Legislative Council.
Born in Paris, Bruno Mégret studied at the École Polytechnique and at the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, and is by profession a senior civil servant.
Bruno Mégret was ranked 317th at the competition for entrance at École Polytechnique in 1969, and since at that time only 300 candidates were admitted every year, he could enter only because some students preferred to study at the slightly more prestigious École Normale Supérieure and turned down the École Polytechnique.
This enabled him to choose between the École des Mines and the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées to finish his engineering studies.
After graduating from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, he spent the academic year 1974–1975 in Berkeley, and obtained a Master of Science.
In 1977, Bruno Mégret started to work as an engineer on highway construction, at the Direction Départementale de l'Équipement (DDE) of Essonne.
His friends of the Club de l'Horloge Jean-Yves Le Gallou, Jean-Claude Bardet, Yvan Blot and Jean-Jacques Mourreau of the CAR also secured key positions in the hierarchy of the Front National.
Moreover, Bruno Mégret started to become very popular with the party members, winning large support against his rival Bruno Gollnisch, who had been made vice-president and general secretary of the Front National by Le Pen in 1995.
Following the social unrest of November–December 1995, Bruno Mégret developed a strategy of creating new unions (FN-RATP, FN-TCL, FN-Poste, Mouvement pour un Education Nationale, FN-Police) and professional organisations tied to the Front National to increase the audience of the party.
After he was sentenced to 8 months of probation, 8000 Euro fine and one-year ban from standing in any election for defalcation of public funds, he resigned in 2008 from the political field.
The Northern Combat Area Command or NCAC was a subcommand of the Allied South East Asia Command (SEAC) during World War II.
While it was initially intended that NCAC would operate as an integral part of the British 11th Army Group, Stilwell refused to work under General George Giffard and was made subordinate to the Supreme Commander of SEAC, Lord Louis Mountbatten.
In 1942, Northern Combat Area Command was formed at Ramgarh Cantonment, in India, from X Force: units (including the 22nd and 38th Divisions), which had retreated out of Burma.
For the campaigning season of early 1944, NCAC was augmented with Merrill's Marauders – a brigade-sized formation created by the US Army for commando-type operations in Burma.
During 1944, NCAC forced the Japanese 18th Division to retreat out of northern Burma and US Army engineering battalions, assisted by Indian laborers built the Ledo Road – which joined the northern end of the Burma Road and reestablished communications between India and China.
In 1945, under Sultan's command, NCAC – which now included the Chinese New 6th Army – aided in the drive to retake the rest of Burma.
When British and Chinese forces had been bundled out of Burma at the start of 1942, some Chinese forces had been obliged to retreat to India, rather than to China.
A combination of fickleness and over-centralisation by the Chinese generalissimo, Chiang Kai-shek and the limited training of the Chinese forces meant that they often failed to live up to their potential.
Greater access to American equipment and training and less influence from the Chinese leadership meant the four Chinese divisions in NCAC could be trusted a great deal more in combat.
It was merely supposed to be in charge of the administration of the American military formations in China, Burma and India.
However, Stilwell often broke the chain of command and communicated directly with the Joint Chiefs of Staff on operational matters, when all such communications were supposed to go to Admiral Lord Mountbatten the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia and also on taking operational control of NCAC through General George Giffard commander of 11th Army Group.
The initial idea was that as General Stilwell would be commanding several Chinese divisions which would attack out of India from the West and with the large but amorphous Yunnan armies attacking out of China from the East, he would be commanding a large army.
So his command should be placed under 11th Army Group at the same level as the Fourteenth which was under the command of General William Slim.
Under a general less gifted than Slim this could have caused serious problems, if Slim had not been able to command Stilwell at an operational level without disagreement (which given Stilwell's proven track record was more than likely).
The reason why it was essential that there was one operational commander for the three fronts, North, Central and Southern, was so that the intended attacks in late 1944 could be co-ordinated to prevent the Japanese concentrating large numbers of reserves for a counterattack on any one front.
For example, as Chief of Staff to Chiang, he was often needed in Chungking, the Chinese capital, and as Deputy Allied Supreme Commander he was needed at HQ South East Asia Command at Kandy in Ceylon and as NCAC commander he was required to be relatively near the frontline in Burma.
Stilwell clashed frequently with the commander of the 11th Army Group, General Giffard, and would not accept being under his command, instead insisting that NCAC came directly under the Supreme Commander.
As Deputy Allied Supreme Commander he was Giffard's superior but as operational commander of NCAC Giffard was his superior, as the two men did not get on this inevitablely lead to conflict and confusion.
The Chindits had been dropped behind enemy lines after the end of the 1943 monsoon to cause havoc by cutting communications.
At the time, NCAC's main job was to capture the town of Myitkyina, as a prelude to connecting the Ledo Road to the Burma Road and reestablishing land communications to China.
A thrust from the northwest by NCAC was meeting with some success, but Stilwell also needed to use the Chindits in his plan.
Reduced to the equivalent of less than a battalion, the Chindits assisted in the final assault on Myitkyina before finally bein flown out to India as a completely broken force, almost to a man.
The American equivalent of the Chindits, Merrill's Marauders also suffered from the same treatment during the campaign, consistently being asked to perform missions that were beyond their power without superhuman effort.
In the end, it was events on the main front further south that forced them to withdraw, as they were in danger of being cut off from their supply lines.
His replacements were not only less abrasive characters, but as they each concentrated on one area there was less institutional conflict and confusion.
NCAC's main role in the last few months of the war was to support the British main offensive further south, and to further improve the Burma Road to allow more supplies to get into China.
The Venezuelan War of Independence (1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in Latin America fought against rule by the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars.
The establishment of the Supreme Caracas Junta following the forced deposition of Vicente Emparan as Captain General of the Captaincy General of Venezuela on 19 April 1810, marked the beginnings of the war.
On 5 July 1811, seven of the ten provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela declared their independence in the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence.
The First Republic of Venezuela was lost in 1812 following the 1812 Caracas earthquake and the Battle of La Victoria (1812).
Only as part of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada in 1819-20 did Venezuela achieve a lasting independence from Spain (initially as part of Gran Colombia).
After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of its most famous son, Simón Bolívar.
Venezuela, along with the countries of Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, formed part of the Republic of Gran Colombia until 1830, when Venezuela separated and became a sovereign state.
Most subjects of Spain did not accept the government of Joseph Bonaparte, placed on the Spanish throne by his brother, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France.
At the same time, the process of creating a stable government in Spain, which would be widely recognized throughout the empire, took two years.
On April 19, 1810 the municipal council of Caracas headed a successful movement to depose the Spanish Governor and Captain General, Vicente Emparán.
Across Venezuela, towns and cities decided to either side with the movement based in Caracas or not, and de facto civil war ensued throughout much of Venezuela.
Persons such as Francisco de Miranda, a long-term Venezuelan expatriate, and Simón Bolívar, a young, Criollo aristocrat—both influenced by Age of Enlightenment ideas and the example of the French Revolution—led the movement.
Even before the Congress began its sessions in November 1810, a civil war started between those who supported the juntas, and eventually independence, and royalists who wanted to maintain the union with Spain.
Two provinces, Maracaibo Province and Guayana Province, and one district, Coro, never recognized the Caracas Junta and remained loyal to the governments in Spain.
It was short of funds, Spanish Regency set up a blockade (although it was easily bypassed by British and American merchant ships), and, shortly after, on 26 March 1812, a devastating earthquake affected republican areas.
In these desperate moments, Miranda was given dictatorial powers, nevertheless, he was unable to stem the royalist advance headed by Captain Domingo de Monteverde.
Bolívar and other republicans continued the resistance from other parts of the Spanish South America and the Caribbean, or organized guerrilla movements in the interior of the country.
After winning a series of battles, Bolívar received the approval of the New Granadan Congress to lead a liberating force into Venezuela in what became known as the Admirable Campaign.
Bolívar entered Caracas on 6 August 1813, proclaiming the restoration of the Venezuelan Republic and his supreme leadership of it, something which was not fully recognized by Mariño based in Cumaná, although the two leaders did cooperate militarily.
In the viceroyalties of La Plata and New Granada the Creoles displaced the Spanish authorities with relative ease, as Caracas had done at first.
Bolívar arrived in Cartagena and was well received, as he was later in Bogotá, where he joined the army of the United Provinces of New Granada.
Republicans were forced to evacuate Caracas and flee to the east, where, in the port of Carúpano, Piar was still holding out.
Boves was the only significant pro-Spain caudillo and he was acting in concert with Francisco Tomás Morales, who was a regular officer of Spain.
In the Battle of Urica, Boves was killed and Morales took command and carried out mopping up operations against the remaining patriot resistance, which included the capture and execution of Ribas.
As was still common in the early 19th century, Morales had his head boiled in oil (to preserve it) and sent to Caracas.
In Spain, anti-French forces had liberated the country, and the restored Ferdinand VII sent a large expeditionary force to Venezuela and New Granada under Pablo Morillo, who had distinguished himself during Spain's War of Independence.
Before leaving for New Granada Morillo had decommissioned most of the irregular forces that had fought under Boves, except those that he took to New Granada.
With the support of the Haitian president Alexandre Pétion and with the naval aid of Luis Brión, another émigré, who was a merchant from Curaçao, Bolívar returned to Margarita Island, a secure republican redoubt, but his command of the republican forces was still not firm.
Mariño, who had come back with Bolívar from Haiti, headed his own expeditions and succeeded in temporarily capturing Cumaná in 1817.
With Brión supplying a small fleet, Bolívar sailed west along the Venezuelan coast to Ocumare de la Costa (the Expedition of Los Cayos), where, in fulfillment of Pétion's request, he officially proclaimed the end of slavery (although this went unheeded).
Morales, back in Venezuela after subduing New Granada, attacked the republican expeditionary force with an army that vastly outnumbered the republicans.
However, Piar and Gregor MacGregor, a Scottish soldier of fortune, who had previously been active in New Granada, managed to escape with their forces into the interior of the country, defeating Morales at El Juncal in September 1816 before moving south to Guayana.
Bolívar thereafter sought to join forces with Manuel Piar, another patriot leader but differences between them prevented a united republican front.
A long-term stalemate ensued in which the royalists controlled the highly populated, urban north and the republicans the vast, under-populated plains of the south.
In the meantime, Piar and Mariño had occupied defenceless Angostura (a city at the narrowest and deepest part of the Orinoco River, hence its name, subsequently changed to Ciudad Bolívar), to where Bolívar headed and was chosen as supreme leader of the independence movement.
(It was at this time that Bolívar ordered the addition of a new star for Guayana to the seven stars on the Venezuelan flag, which represented the number of provinces that originally had favored independence.
British veterans of the Napoleonic wars began arriving in Venezuela, where they formed the nucleus of what later became known as the British Legion.
Francisco de Paula Santander, a New Granadan who had retreated to the llanos after Morillo's invasion, met with Bolívar and agreed to join forces.
Morillo's other lieutenant, the second in command of the expeditionary force, Miguel de la Torre, was ordered to put down a significant rebellion in the llanos of Apure led by José Antonio Páez.
At the time in the Southern Cone of South America, José de San Martín had concluded the liberation of Chile with the essential support of the Chilean Bernardo O'Higgins.
The year 1818 saw a stalemate between the patriots based in Angostura (and free-wheeling in part of the llanos) and Morillo (entrenched in Caracas, triumphant in eastern Venezuela, and operating in the llanos as far as Apure).
This is the time during which (according to Marx), Bolívar dilly-dallied and lost one skirmish after another, also saying that European officers in Angostura were egging him on to attack the center of Venezuela.
But Morillo had larger forces, and not just of Spanish line troops but also of pardos still loyal to the Spanish crown.
New volunteers arrived in Venezuela, though most, like those that preceded them, were in essence mercenaries probably under the illusion that there were fortunes to be made in Venezuela, which was hardly the case.
There is no evidence that the British government was backing them, but since Spain was no longer a British ally, it was not hindering them either.
In Europe, generally, Bolívar's name was known as was the Spanish American movement for independence, which had the sympathy of every liberal-minded person, as did the independence of Greece, then also in the process of emancipation.
Campaigns in eastern Venezuela began turning the tide for independence and in the llanos Páez defeated Morillo and Morales in Apure.
This cleared the way for Bolívar and Santander to invade New Granada, where, in Pantano de Vargas, the Spaniards were defeated in a battle in which the British Legion played a central role and its commander, Rooke, was killed in action.
In 1819, to break this impasse Bolívar invaded New Granada, which had been reconquered by Morillo's expeditionary force three years earlier.
A republican Congress at Angostura (today Ciudad Bolívar), which already had a small New Granada delegation, declared the union of New Granada and Venezuela in a Republic of Colombia (the Gran Colombia of contemporary accounts) to present a united front against the Spanish Monarchy.
In 1821, the Gran Colombian army won a decisive victory at the second Battle of Carabobo, after which the only cities in the hands of the royalist forces were Cumaná, which fell shortly thereafter, and Puerto Cabello, which managed to resist a siege before finally capitulating in October 1823.
In the following years Venezuelan forces, as part of the army of Gran Colombia, continued campaigning under the leadership of Bolívar to liberate the southern parts of New Granada and Ecuador.
Once this was accomplished, Gran Colombia continued its fight against the Spanish in Peru and Bolivia, completing the efforts of Chilean and Argentine patriots, such as José de San Martín, who liberated southern South America.
A Klondike bar is a Good Humor-Breyers ice cream novelty consisting of a square of vanilla ice cream coated with a thin layer of chocolate.
The Klondike bar was created by the Isaly Dairy Company of Mansfield, Ohio in the early 1920s and named after the Klondike River of Yukon, Canada.
Unlike a traditional frozen ice pop, or traditional ice cream bar, the Klondike bar does not have a stick due to its size, a point often touted in advertising.
In 1976, Henry Clarke, owner of the Clabir company, purchased the rights to the Klondike bar, which had been manufactured and sold by the Isaly's restaurant chain since the 1930s.
Under Clarke, sales of the Klondike bar increased from $800,000 annually at the time of the 1976 acquisition by Clabir to more than $60 million.
In 1988, Kraft settled a trademark dispute with Ambrit Inc., as the former Isaly Company, Inc. was then known, for $8.5 million.
On the night of 1 July 2002, Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154 passenger jet, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757 cargo jet, collided in mid-air over Überlingen, a southern German town on Lake Constance, near the Swiss border.
The official investigation by the German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (, (BFU)) identified as the main cause of the collision a number of shortcomings on the part of the Swiss air traffic control service in charge of the sector involved as well as ambiguities in the procedures regarding the use of TCAS, the on-board aircraft collision avoidance system.
A year and a half after the crash, on 24 February 2004, Peter Nielsen, the air traffic controller on duty at the time of the collision, was murdered in an apparent act of revenge by Vitaly Kaloyev, a Russian citizen who had lost his wife and two children in the accident.
Forty-five of the passengers were Russian schoolchildren from the city of Ufa, in Bashkortostan, on a school trip organised by the local UNESCO committee to the Costa Dorada area of Spain.
The aircraft, a Tupolev Tu-154M registered as was piloted by an experienced Russian crew: 52-year-old Captain Alexander Mihailovich Gross (Александр Михайлович Гросс) and 40-year-old First Officer Oleg Pavlovich Grigoriev (Олег Павлович Григорьев).
Grigoriev, the chief pilot of Bashkirian Airlines, had 8,500 hours of flying experience (with 4,317 hours on the Tu-154) and his task was to evaluate Captain Gross's performance throughout the flight.
41-year-old Murat Ahatovich Itkulov (Мурат Ахатович Иткулов), a seasoned pilot with close to 7,900 flight hours (with 4,181 of them on the Tu-154), who was normally the first officer, did not officially serve on duty, because this was the captain's assessment flight.
50-year-old Sergei Gennadyevich Kharlov (Сергей Геннадьевич Харлов), a flight navigator with approximately 13,000 flight hours (including 6,421 hours on the Tu-154), and 37-year-old Flight Engineer Oleg Irikovich Valeev (Олег Ирикович Валеев), who had almost 4,200 flight hours (all of which were on the Tu-154), joined the three pilots in the cockpit.
DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757-23APF cargo aircraft registered as had originated in Bahrain and was being flown by two Bahrain-based pilots, 47-year-old British Captain Paul Phillips and 34-year-old Canadian First Officer Brant Campioni.
Both pilots were very experienced — the captain had logged close to 12,000 flight hours (including 4,145 hours on the Boeing 757) and the first officer had accumulated more than 6,600 flight hours, with 176 of them on the Boeing 757.
Despite being just inside the German border, the airspace was controlled from Zürich, Switzerland, by the private Swiss airspace control company Skyguide.
Partly because of the added workload, and partly because of delayed radar data, he did not realise the problem in time and thus failed to keep the aircraft at a safe distance from each other.
Less than a minute before the accident he realised the danger and contacted Flight 2937, instructing the pilot to descend to flight level 350 to avoid collision with crossing traffic (Flight 611).
Seconds after the Russian crew initiated the descent, their traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) instructed them to climb, while at about the same time the TCAS on Flight 611 instructed the pilots of that aircraft to descend.
Flight 611's pilots on the Boeing jet followed the TCAS instructions and initiated a descent, but could not immediately inform Nielsen because the controller was dealing with Flight 2937.
About eight seconds before the collision, Flight 611's descent rate was about , not quite as rapid as the range advised by that jet's TCAS; as for the Tupolev, the pilot disregarded his jet's TCAS instruction to climb, having already commenced his descent as instructed by the controller.
Unaware of the TCAS-issued alerts, Nielsen repeated his instruction to Flight 2937 to descend, giving the Tupolev crew incorrect information as to the position of the DHL plane (telling them that the Boeing was to the right of the Tupolev when it was in fact to the left).
Eight seconds before the collision, Flight 2937's crew finally realised the problem when they gained visual sight of Flight 611 incoming from the left.
Two seconds before the collision, Flight 2937's pilots finally obeyed the jet's TCAS instruction to climb and attempted to put the aircraft into a climb, but the collision was now inevitable.
The aircraft collided at 23:35:32 local time, at almost a right angle at an altitude of , with the Boeing's vertical stabiliser slicing completely through Flight 2937's fuselage just ahead of the Tupolev's wings.
The crippled Boeing, now with 80% of its vertical stabiliser lost, struggled for a further before crashing into a wooded area close to the village of Taisersdorf at a 70-degree downward angle.
Each engine ended up several hundred metres away from the main wreckage, and the tail section was torn from the fuselage by trees just before impact.
Maintenance work was being carried out on the main radar image processing system, which meant that the controllers were forced to use a fallback system.
The ground-based optical collision warning system, which would have alerted the controller to the pending collision approximately 2 minutes before it happened, had been switched off for maintenance.
There still was an aural STCA warning system, which released a warning addressed to workstation RE SUED at 23:35:00 (32 seconds before the collision).
This warning was not heard by anyone present at that time, although no error in this system could be found in a subsequent technical audit — however, whether or not this audible warning is functional is not something which is technically logged.
Even if Nielsen had heard this warning, at that time finding a useful resolution order by the air traffic controller is impossible.
The statement by the Kingdom of Bahrain, the home country of the DHL plane, mostly agrees with the findings of the report.
It says that the report should have put less emphasis on the actions of individuals and more on the faults within Skyguide's organisation and management.
The Russian Federation states that the Russian pilots were unable to obey the TCAS advisory to climb; the advisory was given when they were already at while the controller wrongly stated there was conflicting traffic above them at .
Switzerland notes that the Tupolev was about below the flight level ordered by the Swiss controller, and still descending at .
Switzerland also requested that the BFU make a formal finding that the TCAS advisories would have been useful if obeyed immediately; the BFU declined to do so.
Skyguide, after initially having blamed the Russian pilot for the accident, accepted full responsibility and asked relatives of the victims for forgiveness.
On 27 July 2006, a court in Konstanz decided that the Federal Republic of Germany should pay compensation to Bashkirian Airlines.
The government appealed the ruling, but in late 2013 Bashkirian Airlines and the Federal Republic of Germany reached a tacit agreement, ending the court case before a decision on the legal issues was reached.
In another case before the court in Konstanz, Skyguide's liability insurance is suing Bashkirian Airlines for 2.5 million euro in damages.
The case was opened in March 2008; the legal questions are expected to be difficult, as the airline has filed for bankruptcy under Russian law.
Devastated by the loss of his wife and two children aboard flight 2937, Vitaly Kaloyev, a Russian architect, held Peter Nielsen responsible for their deaths.
He tracked down and stabbed Nielsen to death, in the presence of his wife and three children, at his home in Kloten, near Zürich, on 24 February 2004.
The Swiss police arrested Kaloyev at a local motel shortly afterward, and in 2005 he was sentenced to prison for the murder.
The medal is awarded for the highest achievements, improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the region, for educating the younger generation and maintaining law and order.
The accident raised questions as to how pilots must react when they receive conflicting orders from TCAS and from air traffic control (ATC).
When TCAS issues a resolution advisory (RA), the pilot flying should respond immediately by direct attention to RA displays and maneuver as indicated, unless doing so would jeopardise the safe operation of the flight, or unless the flight crew can assure separation with the help of definitive visual acquisition of the aircraft causing the RA.
In responding to a TCAS RA that directs a deviation from assigned altitude, the flight crew should communicate with ATC as soon as practicable after responding to the RA.
When the RA is removed, the flight crew should advise ATC that they are returning to their previously assigned clearance or should acknowledge any amended clearance issued.
While TCAS is programmed to assume that both crews will promptly follow the system's instructions, the operations manual did not clearly state that TCAS should always take precedence over any ATC commands.
The BFU recommended that this ambiguity should be resolved in favor of obeying TCAS advisories even when these were in conflict with ATC instructions.
Seventeen months before the Bashkirian Airlines-DHL collision there had already been another incident involving confusion between conflicting TCAS and ATC commands.
One of the aircraft had received conflicting orders from TCAS and ATC; one pilot followed the instructions of TCAS while the other did not.
The aircraft missed each other by about , and the abrupt maneuver necessary to avert disaster left 100 occupants injured on one aircraft, some seriously.
In its report, published eleven days after the Überlingen accident, Japan called on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to make it clear that TCAS advisories should always take precedence over ATC instructions.
According to an analysis by Eurocontrol this would have avoided the collision if the DHL crew had followed the new instructions and the Tupolev had continued to descend.
Additionally, an automatic downlink for TCAS – which would have alerted the controller that a TCAS advisory had been issued to the aircraft under his control, and notified him of the nature of that advisory – had not been deployed worldwide at the time of the accident.
The investigation report contains a number of recommendations concerning TCAS, calling for upgrades and for better training and clearer instructions to the pilots.
Celebrations boxes are now sold in multiple countries which tend to have the same brands as the UK (Galaxy goes under Dove in most countries).
In some countries the Milky Way has been replaced or under limited edition swapped for Milky Way Crispy Rolls around 2017.
Like Okita Sōji, Nagakura was a true product of the Edo period — being a son of a retainer (of a domain he had never seen), who had lived in Edo his entire life.
At eight, Nagakura entered Okada Juusuke Toshisada's Shindō Munen-ryū dojo; at age eighteen he reached mokuroku (6th dan), and received the menkyo kaiden certification.
Nagakura also spent time at Tsubouchi Shume's Shingyoto Ryu dojo, where he met Shimada Kai, the future vice-captain of the Shinsengumi 2nd unit.
While most of the Rōshigumi returned to Edo, Nagakura, Kondō, Hijikata Toshizō, Serizawa Kamo were among nineteen Roshigumi members stayed behind in Kyoto.
In July 8, 1864 during the Ikedaya incident, Nagakura was one of four members which included Kondō, Okita Sōji and Tōdō Heisuke, being the first group to raid inside the Ikedaya Inn, he later suffered a deep wound on his left thumb and his sword was broken during the battle.
A month later in August 20, 1864, he also involved in the Kinmon incident alongside with Kondō, Okita and several others.
In December 13, 1867, Nagakura was involved with Harada Sanosuke and several other Shinsengumi members during the Aburanokōji incident with the ambush of Itō Kashitarō's Goryō Eji Kōdai-ji faction, which consisted of a small group of Shinsengumi defectors.
Seven of these defectors were trying to retrieve Itō's body, who was assassinated earlier and left at the crossroad of Aburanokōji-Shichijō as a trap.
Nagakura had a daughter with a geisha from Shimabara Kameya in Kyoto known only by her stage name as , who died after her birth in December 1867.
Fortunately he managed to arrange for his infant daughter to be brought up by Kotsune’s sister, who lived in a village of Fudoson not far from Kyoto.
In January 27, 1868, in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in Kyoto, Nagakura shown his courage by leading the members of a suicide squad and charging with a sword towards the bullet-firing imperial army.
Right after the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma in April 1868, Nagukura and Harada Sanosuke left the Kōyō Chinbutai (the renamed Shinsengumi) after disagreements with long-time comrades Kondo and Hijikata.
Nagakura and Harada, taking with them some other members, joined with a group of former Tokugawa retainers with Haga Gidou being one of them to form a new unit, the Seiheitai.
Nagakura and the Seiheitai unit left Edo shortly after Edo Castle's surrender, and participated in some battles in the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle and at Imaichi and headed north, hoped to take part in the fighting that was moving northward, toward Aizu.
While in Edo, he had to hide for a while because he had fought against the Imperial forces and would turned himself in to the senior councilor Shimokuni Toshichiro of the Matsumae clan and served as an infantry instructor and was stipended at his father’s original rate of 150 koku.
However, he would often ran into Suzuki Mikisaburō, the younger brother of deceased Itō Kashitarō and one of the four Shinsengumi defectors who narrowly escaped from the assassination attempt during the Aburanokōji incident back then in December 1867.
Due to his involvement in that incident and suspecting that Suzuki was trying to kill him, Nagakura returned to Matsumae, Hokkaido in late 1868 (Meiji 1).
In 1873 (Meiji 6), he was adopted into his wife's family and changed his name first from , and later .
In 1882 (Meiji 15), Sugimura moved his family to Otaru, Hokkaido, and was invited by the police bureaucrat Tsukigata Kiyoshi to work as kenjutsu teacher to train the prison guards in Kabato prison for four years.
In 1900 (Meiji 33), Sugimura was on his way to attend the funeral of his former Shinsengumi comrade Shimada Kai in Kyoto, he was reunited with his daughter Isoko there, who had become a well-known geisha actress of the Kansai region under the stage name .
In late July 1909 (Meiji 42), he moved again to Hanazono, Otaru, where he taught kendo at the club of the Tohoku Imperial University's Faculty of Agricultural (present day location of Hokkaido University).
It is believed that since the reports were given half a century after the events, the accounts were more for pleasing crowds than a faithful record.
He had lent his written memoirs to an acquaintance long before his newspaper interview, but the memoirs were never returned to him.
Coincidentally, in this same year, Fujita Gorō, another former Shinsengumi captain who was formerly Saitō Hajime, died at the age of seventy-two from a stomach ulcer on September 28.
Glasgow Haskell Compiler, less commonly known as The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System or simply GHC, is an open-source native code compiler for the functional programming language Haskell.
It provides a cross-platform environment for the writing and testing of Haskell code and it supports numerous extensions, libraries, and optimisations that streamline the process of generating and executing code.
GHC originally started in 1989 as a prototype, written in LML (Lazy ML) by Kevin Hammond at the University of Glasgow.
Later that year, the prototype was completely rewritten in Haskell, except for its parser, by Cordelia Hall, Will Partain, and Simon Peyton Jones.
Its first beta release was on 1 April 1991 and subsequent releases added a strictness analyzer as well as language extensions such as monadic I/O, mutable arrays, unboxed data types, concurrent and parallel programming models (such as software transactional memory and data parallelism) and a profiler.
Peyton Jones, as well as Marlow, later moved to Microsoft Research in Cambridge, England, where they continued to be primarily responsible for developing GHC.
GHC itself is written in Haskell, but the runtime system for Haskell, essential to run programs, is written in C and C--.
GHC's front end—incorporating the lexer, parser and typechecker—is designed to preserve as much information about the source language as possible until after type inference is complete, toward the goal of providing clear error messages to users.
Recently, Core was extended to support generalized algebraic datatypes in its type system, and is now based on an extension to System F known as System F.
It also supports many optional extensions to the Haskell standard: for example, the software transactional memory (STM) library, which allows for Composable Memory Transactions.
There is an ongoing effort to describe extensions and select those which will be included in future versions of the language specification.
Versions of GHC are available for several platforms, including Windows and most varieties of Unix (such as the numerous GNU/Linux flavors, FreeBSD, and Mac OS X).
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic is a form of predicate logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics.
Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more expressive, but their model-theoretic properties are less well-behaved than those of first-order logic.
First-order logic quantifies only variables that range over individuals; second-order logic, in addition, also quantifies over sets; third-order logic also quantifies over sets of sets, and so on.
For example, HOL admits categorical axiomatizations of the natural numbers, and of the real numbers, which are impossible with first-order logic.
However, by a result of Kurt Gödel, HOL with standard semantics does not admit an effective, sound, and complete proof calculus.
For example, the Löwenheim number of second-order logic is already larger than the first measurable cardinal, if such a cardinal exists.
Thus, for example, quantifiers over sets of individuals may range over only a subset of the powerset of the set of individuals.
In particular, HOL with Henkin semantics has all the model-theoretic properties of first-order logic, and has a complete, sound, effective proof system inherited from first-order logic.
Gérard Huet has shown that unifiability is undecidable in a type theoretic flavor of third-order logic, that is, there can be no algorithm to decide whether an arbitrary equation between third-order (let alone arbitrary higher-order) terms has a solution.
Using this observation, Jaakko Hintikka established in 1955 that second-order logic can simulate higher-order logics in the sense that for every formula of a higher order-logic one can find an equisatisfiable formula for it in second-order logic.
Grinich received a bachelor's degree from the University of Washington in 1946 and a master's degree in 1949, and then earned a Ph.D. in 1951 from Stanford University.
At Fairchild he set up the test lab and other electronic systems where he was responsible for device characterization and applications.
In 1978, he was appointed chief executive officer of Identronix, a company that pioneered Radio-frequency identification systems, which are now used extensively in anti-theft tags.
PTHrP is critical in intraosseous phase of tooth eruption where it acts as a signalling molecule to stimulate local bone resorption.
In lactation, it may regulate in conjunction with the calcium sensing receptor the mobilization and transfer of calcium to the milk, as well as placental transfer of calcium.
PTHrP shares the same N-terminal end as parathyroid hormone and therefore it can bind to the same receptor, the Type I PTH receptor (PTHR1).
PTHrP can simulate most of the actions of PTH including increases in bone resorption and distal tubular calcium reabsorption, and inhibition of proximal tubular phosphate transport.
There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG and GUG) start sites, in-frame and downstream of the initiator AUG codon, to give rise to nuclear forms of this hormone.
Dr. Terrance Thirteen (sometimes Terrence), known simply as Doctor Thirteen, Dr. 13 and The Ghost-Breaker, is a fictional character in comic books set in the DC Universe.
Dr. Thirteen is a parapsychologist who investigates reports of possible supernatural activity with the goal of proving them to be hoaxes.
Terry and his unnamed father enter into a pact to prove that the supernatural is false by determining things that Mr. Thirteen will say to Terry by the grandfather clock on the one-year anniversary of his death.
On the first anniversary of his father's death, Terry asks the questions and gets no response, then remembers that he was supposed to set the clock before asking the questions.
He discovers that these responses are on a gramophone record that was planted by his fiancée, Marie, who also had a pact with Mr. Thirteen to show Terry that anything that appears to be supernatural has a rational explanation.
Dr. Thirteen becomes trapped in a virtual reality and embroiled in a conflict between benign and malicious artificial intelligences with the ability to manipulate media and sensory perceptions on a global scale.
At the conclusion of the comic, Dr. Thirteen is seen in a mental institution, having apparently suffered a mental breakdown during the visit to the marriage counselor and hallucinated everything, although the AIs are also seen to be real.
Dr. Thirteen's group fights the Architects, the four writers who were heavily involved in the direction of the DC Universe titles at the time — Geoff Johns, Grant Morrison, Greg Rucka and Mark Waid — to convince them to include them in the new Universe.
When she returns to face her father without the desired help, she discovers that he had learnt the art of black magic, which he uses to attack her.
During the battle, Traci teleports herself to Paris, showing her father that, if the nuclear weapons are used, then she will die, along with 118 million people.
The two reconcile and Dr. Thirteen uses his remaining magic to stop the satellite, less than two minutes before it attacks.
In this rebooted version, he lives in 1880s Gotham City, where he is enlisted by the police to hunt down a paranormal highwayman.
Dolmabahçe Palace (, ) located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Strait of Istanbul, served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922 (Yıldız Palace was used in the interim period).
Previously, the Sultan and his family had lived at the Topkapı Palace, but as the medieval Topkapı was lacking in contemporary style, luxury, and comfort, as compared to the palaces of the European monarchs, Abdülmecid decided to build a new modern palace near the site of the former Beşiktaş Sahil Palace, which was demolished.
Hacı Said Ağa was responsible for the construction works, while the project was realized by architects Garabet Balyan, his son Nigoğayos Balyan and Evanis Kalfa (members of the Armenian Balyan family of Ottoman court architects).
The palace was home to six Sultans from 1856, when it was first inhabited, up until the abolition of the Caliphate in 1924: The last royal to live here was Caliph Abdülmecid Efendi.
A law that went into effect on March 3, 1924 transferred the ownership of the palace to the national heritage of the new Turkish Republic.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey, used the palace as a presidential residence during the summers and enacted some of his most important works here.
The site of Dolmabahçe was originally a bay on the Bosphorus which was used for the anchorage of the Ottoman fleet.
Various small summer palaces and wooden pavilions were built here during the 18th and 19th centuries ultimately forming a palace complex named Beşiktaş Waterfront Palace.
The area of 110,000 m² is confined by Bosphorus on the east side, while a steep precipice bounds it on the west side, such that after the building of the new 45,000 m² monoblock Dolmabahçe Palace a relatively limited space has remained for a garden complex which would normally surround such a palace.
The design contains eclectic elements from the Baroque, Rococo and Neoclassical styles, blended with traditional Ottoman architecture to create a new synthesis.
The palace layout and décor reflect the increasing influence of European styles and standards on Ottoman culture and art during the Tanzimat period.
The exterior, in particular the view from the Bosporus, shows a classical European two-wing arrangement which is divided by a big avant-corps with two side avant-corps.
Functionally, on the other hand, the palace retains elements of traditional Ottoman palace life, and also features of traditional Turkish homes.
Since the harem had to be completely isolated from the outside world, the main entrance for the visitors is located on the narrow southern side.
The harem area includes eight interconnected apartments for the wives of the sultan, for his favourites and concubines, and for his mother, each with its own bathroom.
Whereas the Topkapı has exquisite examples of Iznik tiles and Ottoman carving, the Dolmabahçe palace is extensively decorated with gold and crystal.
The chandelier was assumed to be a gift from Queen Victoria, however in 2006 the receipt was found showing it was paid for in full.
Expensive stones such as Marmara (Proconnesian) marble, Egyptian alabaster (calcite, also known as onyx-marble), and Porphyry from Pergamon were used for the decoration.
A highlight of the collection are 23 paintings by Ivan Aivazovsky which he created as a court painter during his stays in Istanbul.
The collection also includes paintings by Gustave Boulanger, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Eugène Fromentin, Stanisław Chlebowski, Félix Ziem, Karl Joseph Kuwasseg, Fausto Zonaro, Théo van Rysselberghe and Alexander Sandor Svoboda.
There are also paintings by Turkish painters such as Osman Hamdi Bey, Halil Pasha and Osman Nuri Pasha in this art museum.
Gas lighting and water-closets were imported from Great Britain, whereas the palaces in continental Europe were still lacking these features at that time.
Guests would first wait in this hall and then would be led inside at the proper time by a palace protocol officer.
On entering the Medhal, one sees Boulle tables on both sides of the room, which bear the monogram of Sultan Abdülmecid on top.
The largest painting in the palace collection, a depiction of the Surre Procession by Stefano Ussi, hangs on the left wall of this hall.
Surre was used to refer to the caravans which travelled from Istanbul to Mecca during the religious month of Recep, bearing the monetary aid used to support the maintenance and the decoration of the Kaaba and to provide financial assistance to the local population of Hejaz.
On the wall to the right is a painting signed by Rudolf Ernst depicting the fire at the Paris Municipal Theater and another painting of a Dutch Village Girl by Delandre.
He died at 9:05 A.M. on November 10, 1938, in a bedroom located in the former harem area of the palace.
The clocks outside of his room now are set to the actual time in Turkey, but the clock in the room in which he died still points to 9:05.
Since 1948 the building housed the Naval Museum, but the museum was moved to another location in 1960 after the coup d'état of May, 27th.
Its clock was manufactured by the French clockmaker house of Jean-Paul Garnier, and installed by the court clock master Johann Mayer.
Between 1962 and 1973 he was Secretary of the Football Association (FA) and from 1977 was Chairman of the British Olympic Association.
During his tenure as BOA Chairman, he was instrumental in ensuring that British competitors were able to choose whether or not to compete at the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
Follows led the party to Moscow as Team Commandant.He was educated at the universities of London and Nottingham, and was President of the National Union of Students between 1931 and 1933.
In January 1970, while serving as the FA secretary, Follows wrote to the Women's Football Association (WFA) to inform them that the 1921 ban on women's football had been rescinded.
Written by Robert Morris while at Bell Labs, it is one of the oldest Unix utilities, predating even the invention of the C programming language.
This article provides some examples in an attempt to give a general flavour of the language; for a complete list of commands and syntax, one should consult the man page for one's specific implementation.
When its home Bell Labs received a PDP-11, dcwritten in Bwas the first language to run on the new computer, even before an assembler.
The arithmetic precision is changed with the command codice_3, which sets the number of fractional digits (the number of digits following the point) to be used for arithmetic operations.
This will evaluate the line as if it were a dc command, and so it is necessary that it be syntactically correct and potentially be a security problem since the codice_12 dc command will allow arbitrary command execution.
Hex digits must be in upper case to avoid collisions with dc commands and are not limited to A-F if the input radix is larger than 16.
The codice_17 command does the same for the output base, but keep in mind that the input base will affect the parsing of every numeric value afterwards so it is usually advisable to set the output base first.
To read the values, the codice_18, codice_19 and codice_20 commands will push the current precision, input radix and output radix on to the top of the stack.
In addition to these basic arithmetic and stack operations, dc includes support for macros, conditionals and storing of results for later retrieval.
The mechanism underlying macros and conditionals is the register, which in dc is a storage location with a single character name which can be stored to and retrieved from: codice_21 pops the top of the stack and stores it in register c, and codice_22 pushes the value of register c onto the stack.
Registers can also be treated as secondary stacks, so values can be pushed and popped between them and the main stack using the codice_23 and codice_24 commands.
The codice_27 command will convert the low order byte of the numeric value into an ASCII character, or if the top of the stack is a string it will replace it with the first character of the string.
There are no ways to build up strings or perform string manipulation other than executing it with the codice_28 command, or printing it with the codice_29 command.
The command codice_32 will pop two values from the stack, and execute the macro stored in register codice_9 only if they are equal.
codice_2 will quit from two levels of macros (and dc itself if there are less than two levels on the call stack).
will convert distances from metres to feet and inches; the bulk of it is concerned with prompting for input, printing output in a suitable format and looping round to convert another number.
In semiotics, a sign is anything that communicates a meaning that is not the sign itself to the interpreter of the sign.
The meaning can be intentional such as a word uttered with a specific meaning, or unintentional, such as a symptom being a sign of a particular medical condition.
In the tradition of semiotics developed by Ferdinand de Saussure (referred to as semiology) the sign relation is dyadic, consisting only of a form of the sign (the signifier) and its meaning (the signified).
According to Peirce signs can be divided by the type of relation that holds the sign relation together as either icons, indices or symbols.
a portrait, or a map), indices are those that signify by means of a direct relation of contiguity or causality between sign vehicle and sign object (e.g.
These cannot be conceptualized as separate entities but rather as a mapping from significant differences in sound to potential (correct) differential denotation.
The Saussurean sign exists only at the level of the synchronic system, in which signs are defined by their relative and hierarchical privileges of co-occurrence.
It is thus a common misreading of Saussure to take signifiers to be anything one could speak, and signifieds as things in the world.
In fact, the relationship of language to parole (or speech-in-context) is and always has been a theoretical problem for linguistics (cf.
A famous thesis by Saussure states that the relationship between a sign and the real-world thing it denotes is an arbitrary one.
There is not a natural relationship between a word and the object it refers to, nor is there a causal relationship between the inherent properties of the object and the nature of the sign used to denote it.
There is, however, what Saussure called ‘relative motivation’: the possibilities of signification of a signifier are constrained by the compositionality of elements in the linguistic system (cf.
Unlike Saussure who approached the conceptual question from a study of linguistics and phonology, Peirce, the so-called father of the Pragmatist school of philosophy, extended the concept of sign to embrace many other forms.
He covered not only artificial, linguistic, and symbolic signs, but also all semblances (such as kindred sensible qualities), and all indicators (such as mechanical reactions).
He counted as symbols all terms, propositions, and arguments whose interpretation is based upon convention or habit, even apart from their expression in particular languages.
The setting of Peirce's study of signs is philosophical logic, which he defined as formal semiotic, and characterized as a normative field following esthetics and ethics, as more basic than metaphysics, and as the art of devising methods of research.
The interpretant, then, is a further sign of the object, and thus enables and determines still further interpretations, further interpretant signs.
Firstness is associated with a vague state of mind as feeling and a sense of the possibilities, with neither compulsion nor reflection.
Here, through experience outside of and collateral to the given sign or sign system, one recalls or discovers the object the sign refers to, for example when a sign consists in a chance semblance of an absent but remembered object.
Peirce's theory of the sign therefore offered a powerful analysis of the signification system, its codes, and its processes of inference and learning—because the focus was often on natural or cultural context rather than linguistics, which only analyses usage in slow-time whereas human semiotic interaction in the real world often has a chaotic blur of language and signal exchange.
Nevertheless, the implication that triadic relations are structured to perpetuate themselves leads to a level of complexity not usually experienced in the routine of message creation and interpretation.
A symbol such as a sentence in a language prescribes qualities of appearance for its instances, and is itself a replica of a symbol such as a proposition apart from expression in a particular language.
He regarded formal semiotic, as logic, as furthermore encompassing study of arguments (hypothetical, deductive, and inductive) and inquiry's methods including pragmatism; and as allied to but distinct from logic's pure mathematics.
If the sender is not familiar with the current language, its codes and its culture, then he or she will not be able to say anything at all, whether as a visitor in a different language area or because of a medical condition such as aphasia (see Roman Jakobson).
Modern theories deny the Saussurian distinction between signifier and signified, and look for meaning not in the individual signs, but in their context and the framework of potential meanings that could be applied.
Such theories assert that language is a collective memory or cultural history of all the different ways in which meaning has been communicated, and may to that extent, constitute all life's experiences (see Louis Hjelmslev).
This position implies that speaking is simply one more form of behaviour and changes the focus of attention from the text as language, to the text as a representation of purpose, a functional version of the author's intention.
Hence, although the writers who co-operated to produce this page exist, they can only be represented by the signs actually selected and presented here.
When the audience receives the message, there will always be an excess of connotational meanings available to be applied to the particular signs in their context (no matter how relatively complete or incomplete their knowledge, the cognitive process is the same).
More often, the receiver's desire for closure (see Gestalt psychology) leads to simple meanings being attributed out of prejudices and without reference to the sender's intentions.
When Teletoon was launched on October 17, 1997, it showed more mature fare as the day progressed, with a strong commitment to air diverse and international programming, and the ability to air most of the material uncut.
Four years later, on September 5, 2011, Teletoon's on-air branding changed again to reflect the 50th anniversary of one of its owners, Astral Media, and to reflect the transition to digital television.
After Astral Media's stake in TELETOON Canada Inc. was purchased by Corus Entertainment, several of Teletoon's original and acquired shows, primarily live action series, began airing on YTV.
Around the same time, several programs airing on Teletoon Retro, which closed down on the same date, began airing on Teletoon.
On April 1, 2019, following the relaunch of Action as Adult Swim, Teletoon's adult-oriented programs were moved to Adult Swim; with Teletoon now airing family-oriented programming full-time.
The channel was originally owned by a consortium made up of various other Canadian specialty services and producers: Family Channel acting as managing partner at 53.3% (Western International Communications and The Movie Network), YTV at 26.7%, (Shaw Communications), Cinar, and Nelvana with 10% each.
Western International Communications sold its stake in the service, along with Family, to Corus in 2000, but it had to sell WIC's stakes in Teletoon and Family to Astral Media the next year.
Cinar was sold in 2004 to an investment consortium composed of Michael Hirsh, Toper Taylor, and Birch Hill Capital Partners, who renamed the company Cookie Jar; Cookie Jar sold its 20% stake in the service to Corus and Astral in 2006, making it a 50-50 joint venture between the two companies.
On March 4, 2013, Corus Entertainment announced that they would buy Astral's stake in Teletoon and take full ownership of the channel.
The purchase was in relation to Bell Media's takeover of Astral (which had earlier been rejected by the CRTC in October 2012, but was restructured to allow the sale of certain Astral Media properties in order to allow the purchase to clear regulatory hurdles).
Corus's purchase was cleared by the Competition Bureau two weeks later on March 18; on December 20, 2013, the CRTC approved Corus's full ownership of Teletoon and ownership was transferred on January 1, 2014.
At its inception in 1997, the channel had a stated goal of producing 78 half-hours of original content every year, and it has been active in commissioning programming since then.
The licence granted by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) in 1996 required a gradual increase in the portion of Canadian programming on the schedule by about five percent each year starting from 40% in its first year of operation to 60% by 2002.
In 1998, network management decided to focus on renewals instead of new shows—adopting a more cautious strategy than launching a significant number of new series, as it had in the prior year.
By 2001, however, the station was noted as possibly being the Canadian channel with the highest spending on original production, having invested in 98 series, including 225 half-hour episodes that fall season.
On November 24, 2000, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved multiple applications from Teletoon Canada Inc. to launch six Category 2 television channels named Teletoon Action, Teletoon Adult, Teletoon Art, Teletoon Multi, Teletoon Pop and Teletoon Retro.
The Eastern version of Teletoon HD is available through Eastlink, Cogeco Cable, Bell TV, Telus Satellite, Shaw Direct, Rogers Cable, and other providers.
Teletoon Retro was a Category B digital cable and satellite channel that debuted in Fall 2007, and was named after a program block that featured classic animated series.
The channel was discontinued on September 1, 2015, with Disney Channel Canada (on Bell TV, EastLink, Telus Optik TV, VMedia, Vidéotron, MTS, Bell Fibe TV, and Zazeen), or Cartoon Network (on Shaw Direct/Shaw Cable, Rogers Cable, SaskTel, and Westman Communications) taking over its slot on several providers.
In March 2019, it was announced that the block would be discontinued due to the launch of the new Adult Swim channel launching April 1, 2019.
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Spain is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Kingdom of Spain, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Spain.
In 1822, Foreign Secretary George Canning downgraded the Embassy to a Mission, and the Head of Mission from an Ambassador to an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, to reflect Spain's decreased importance on the world stage.
Lupin was featured in 17 novels and 39 novellas by Leblanc, with the novellas or short stories collected into book form for a total of 24 books.
The character has also appeared in a number of books from other writers as well as numerous film, television, stage play, and comic book adaptations.
Arsène Lupin is a literary descendant of Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail's Rocambole, whose adventures were published from 1857 to 1870.
Lupin shares distinct similarities with E. W. Hornung's archetypal gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, whose stories were published from 1898 to 1909.
Both Raffles and Lupin can be said to anticipate and have inspired later characters such as Louis Joseph Vance's The Lone Wolf (created in 1914) and Leslie Charteris's The Saint (created in 1928).
Lupin wants to steal the items in order to humiliate Britain, but he also admires Holmes and thus challenges him to try to stop him.
I am sitting in a room is an audiovisual piece composed in 1969 and one of composer Alvin Lucier's best known works.
Unlike most history books recall, this work was created by the artist Mary Lucier and Alvin Lucier, as a collaborative work.
The best known of those is I am sitting in a room (1969), for which I created a series of Polaroid images that had been transformed and degraded in a process similar to his recorded voice.
Transferred to slides, these images were timed to his audio tape and projected along with the sound in a twenty-three-minute presentation.
The piece features Lucier recording himself narrating a text, and then playing the tape recording back into the room, re-recording it.
different between a large hall and a small room), the effect is that certain frequencies are emphasized as they resonate in the room, until eventually the words become unintelligible, replaced by the pure resonant harmonies and tones of the room itself.
As they restore him to health, the crew must decide whether or not to develop him as a weapon of mass destruction against the Borg, but when he demonstrates free will, they must question that decision.
Del Arco was deliberately antisocial prior to his audition in order to enter Hugh's mindset, but at the same time sought to use the innocence and wonderment generated by a friend's death as Hugh's voice.
The episode received Nielsen ratings of 12.8 percent, and critics were positive with praise directed at both Del Arco and Whoopi Goldberg, as well as the general nature of the plot.
On Picard's orders, the drone is confined and monitored by security forces at all times and is prevented from contacting the Borg Collective.
As they come to understand the workings of the Borg, La Forge and Data devise an idea of using the Borg drone as a weapon of mass destruction.
By implanting an unsolvable geometric formula into his mind and returning him to the Collective, the formula should rapidly spread (similar to a computer virus) and disable the Borg.
Crusher is aghast at this suggestion, considering it equivalent to genocide, while Picard and the other senior crew deliberate on the ethics of this plan.
Hugh discusses how the Borg only wish to learn about other cultures through assimilation, but La Forge counters this argument, discussing aspects of individuality that make them human and unique.
The crew now debate whether it is appropriate to sacrifice one individual to protect the majority, though Picard is still insistent on destroying the Collective.
Crusher and La Forge arrange to have Guinan (Whoopi Goldberg), who has a similar loathing for the Borg because they destroyed her homeworld, speak to Hugh.
She finds Hugh to be not a mindless drone but a confused young man, and she agrees Hugh is no longer a Borg.
Hugh expresses enthusiasm at the prospect of remaining with La Forge but ultimately refuses, recognizing that the Borg will still come looking for him.
The episode was directed by Robert Lederman, his first of the series and the only new director during the fifth season.
Michael Westmore's make-up team developed a removable eye-piece for Hugh, using magnets to allow the actor to remove it as required by the script.
The team wanted the eye-piece to be dramatic, but decided against using a laser as this had been previously used for Locutus of Borg.
They instead opted for a hologram and a series of LEDs that were powered by a battery pack built into the costume and mounted on the actor's back.
He received his script on the evening prior to meeting with the producers and felt that it gave him a decent sense of the character.
Instead, Del Arco later explained that he was deliberately antisocial towards the other actors at the audition in order to get into Hugh's mindset.
When he performed for the producers, someone else read the lines assigned to Picard and La Forge, and he felt like he immediately got a positive result.
Following his appearance in the episode, he later pitched a couple of story ideas to the producers to feature the return of Hugh.
In 2011, this episode was noted by Forbes as exploring the implications of advanced technology, showing how an isolated Borg alien must learn how to be an individual.
The episode was later released in the United States on November 5, 2002, as part of the season five DVD box set.
The first Blu-ray release was in the United States on November 19, 2013, followed by the United Kingdom on November 18.
The torpedo missed its target, presumably due to range, malfunctioning of the computer fire control system, gyro misalignment and the breakage of the wire guidance wire.
Nevertheless, experts believe that a closer range attack or alternative use of the MK 37 in an anti-ship role might have been successful.
During the short Falklands War, the United States supplied 200 Mk 46 torpedoes to the Royal Navy, which expended 50 Mk 46 torpedoes during the conflict against sonar detection of the possible sound of the single Type 209 submarine.
The Royal Navy never detected or located the submarine, which was in among the fleet, but which weapon system effectiveness had been limited by British Intelligence.
There were several problems with torpedoes and torpedo systems; in particular it appears that the torpedoes were not prepared properly, and did not arm themselves after firing, so would not explode even if they did hit a target.
It has been suggested that previous apparent misses could have been due to torpedoes which struck home but did not explode.
After the Falklands War ended, German and Dutch engineers were sent to Argentina to discover what went wrong with their torpedoes.
The problem was found to be that one of the Argentine sailors who was in charge of periodic maintenance of the torpedoes had inadvertently reversed the polarity of power cables between the torpedoes and the submarine.
Robert Francis Boucher, CBE, FREng (25 April 1940 – 25 March 2009), usually known as Bob Boucher, was a British mechanical engineer, and Vice-Chancellor of both UMIST (1995–2001) the University of Sheffield (2001–2007).
Boucher was born in Wembley on 25 April 1940 and was educated at St Ignatius' College, Stamford Hill, Borough Polytechnic, London, and gained a PhD from the University of Nottingham in Mechanical Engineering in 1966.
After postdoctoral work at the same university he moved to Queen's University Belfast as a researcher then a lecturer in mechanical engineering.
In 1970 he joined Sheffield University as a lecturer, rising to Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 and Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research at Sheffield.
He gained notoriety as the president of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company and served as the vice chairman of the Democratic National Committee.
McAdoo worked on Wilson's successful 1912 presidential campaign and served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1913 to 1918.
McAdoo presided over the establishment of the Federal Reserve System and helped prevent an economic crisis after the outbreak of World War I.
McAdoo attended rural schools until his family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1877, when his father became a professor at the University of Tennessee.
They had seven children: Harriet Floyd McAdoo, Francis Huger McAdoo, Julia Hazelhurst McAdoo, Nona Hazelhurst McAdoo, William Gibbs MacAdoo III, Robert Hazelhurst McAdoo, and Sarah Fleming McAdoo.
In 1892 he moved to New York City, where he met Francis R. Pemberton, son of the Confederate General John C. Pemberton.
In 1895, McAdoo returned to Knoxville and regained control of part of his bankrupt streetcar company, which had been auctioned off.
In subsequent months, he engaged in a struggle with Ohio businessman C. C. Howell over control of the city's streetcar system, culminating in a bizarre incident known as the Battle of Depot Street.
Litigation in the aftermath of this incident favored Howell, and McAdoo abandoned his streetcar endeavors in 1897 and returned to New York.
Around 1900, McAdoo took on the leadership of a project to build the Uptown Hudson Tubes, a pair of railroad tunnels under the Hudson River connecting Manhattan with New Jersey.
Woodrow Wilson lured McAdoo away from business after their meeting in 1910 and he worked for the Wilson presidential campaign in 1912.
McAdoo's second marriage ended in divorce in July 1935, and he married a third time at nearly 72, to 26 year old nurse Doris Isabel Cross (1909-2005), in September 1935.
McAdoo offered to resign after his wedding, but President Wilson urged him to complete his work of turning the Federal Reserve System into an operational central bank.
As head of the Department of the Treasury, McAdoo confronted a major financial crisis on the eve and at the outbreak of World War I, July – August 1914.
During the last week of July, 1914, British and French investors began to liquidate their American securities holdings into U.S. currency.
Many of these foreign investors then converted their dollars into gold, as was common practice in international monetary transactions at the time, in order to repatriate their holdings back to Europe.
If they had done this, they would have depleted the gold backing for the dollar, possibly inducing a depression in American financial markets and in the American economy as a whole.
They might then have been able to buy American goods and raw materials (for their war effort) at greatly depressed prices, which the Americans would have had to accept in order to restart the economy from a consciously (albeit inadvertently) caused depression.
The United States in 1914 was still a net debtor nation (i.e., Americans' aggregate debt to foreigners was greater than foreigners' aggregate debt to Americans).
The nations of Europe and their financial institutions held far more in debt of the United States; of many of the states of the Union; and of American private institutions of all kinds, than investors in the United States held in the debt of Europe's nations and institutions in all forms, both public and private.
He arranged the closing of the New York Stock Exchange for an unprecedented four months in 1914 to prevent Europeans from selling American securities and exchanging the proceeds for dollars, and then gold.
McAdoo's bold stroke, Silber writes, as a first consequence averted an immediate panic and collapse of the American financial and stock markets.
But also, it laid the groundwork for a historic and decisive shift in the global balance of economic power, from Europe to the United States; a shift which occurred exactly at that time.
More than this, McAdoo's actions both saved the American economy and its future allies from economic defeat in the early stages of the war.
Investors in the warring countries had no access to their holdings of U.S. financial assets at the outset of the war because of McAdoo's actions.
As a result, the treasuries of those countries more quickly exhausted all of their net foreign exchange holdings (those that were on hand and in their possession before McAdoo closed the markets), currency, and gold reserves.
Some of them then issued sovereign bonded indebtedness (IOUs) to pay for the war materials they were buying on the American and other markets.
Silber wrote that the intact and undamaged American financial system and its markets managed the flow and operation of this financing more easily than they would have without McAdoo's measures, and that U.S. industry swiftly built up to the scale needed to meet the allied war needs.
The managed liquidation of foreign holdings of U.S. assets moved the United States to a net creditor position internationally and with Europe from the net debtor position it had held prior to 1915.
In order to prevent a replay of the bank suspensions that plagued America during the Panic of 1907, McAdoo invoked the emergency-currency provisions of the 1908 Aldrich Vreeland Act.
After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, the United States Railroad Administration was formed to run America's transportation system during the war.
In March 1919, after leaving the Wilson cabinet, McAdoo co-founded the law firm McAdoo, Cotton & Franklin, now known as white shoe firm Cahill Gordon & Reindel.
His law firm served as general counsel for the founders of United Artists, with McAdoo taking a 20 percent stake in the common shares of the joint venture, while founders Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith each held a 25 percent stake in the preferred shares and a 20 percent stake of the common shares.
McAdoo ran twice for the Democratic nomination for president, losing to James M. Cox in 1920, and to John W. Davis in 1924, even though in both years he led on the first ballot.
While campaigning in the run-up to the 1920 presidential election, McAdoo voiced his support for such measures as injury compensation, unemployment insurance, and the eight-hour workday, while also expressing his support for the idea of permanent federal legislation in the labor sphere, especially concerning unemployment compensation and a minimum wage.
A committed Prohibition supporter, McAdoo's first presidential bid was scuttled by the New York state delegation and other Northern opponents of the banning of alcohol at the 1920 Democratic National Convention.
After defeating his chief rival for the nomination, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, McAdoo finally lost the party nomination to dark horse candidate Governor James M. Cox of Ohio when the delegates decided in his favor on the 44th ballot.
Widely regarded as the front-runner in 1923, McAdoo's candidacy was badly hurt by the revelation that he had previously accepted a $25,000 contribution from Edward L. Doheny, an oil tycoon implicated in 1922 in the Teapot Dome scandal.
McAdoo had returned the normal-course contribution once he learned of Doheny's possible bribes to Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall to get oil leases.
At the 1924 Democratic National Convention, McAdoo received the votes of the Ku Klux Klan, he did not repudiate the KKK and this set the Catholic vote against him.
Despite the Doheny and KKK issues, McAdoo led after the first ballot of the convention, and on dozens of ballots thereafter, before John W. Davis won the Democratic presidential nomination on the 103rd ballot.
He served as Senator for California from 1933 until 1938, having lost his bid for renomination in 1938 to Sheridan H. Downey.
McAdoo died on February 1, 1941, of a heart attack while traveling in Washington, D.C., after the third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
The World War enormously enlarged his scope of Treasury Department activities, giving him a strong voice in all major foreign and domestic policies, with major impact on the entire economy.
In the 1920s, as his Democratic Party polarized he took the side of rural America, especially the South, as opposed to Al Smith's big cities.
he never supported the Ku Klux Klan, but on the other hand refused to denounce it when so many loyal Democrats belonged.
He supported the New Deal, but was no longer comfortable with the growing radicalism in California in the mid-1930s, and was defeated for reelection in 1938.
The station is situated on the Isle of Dogs and is between Mudchute and South Quay stations and is in Travelcard Zone 2.
There are two platforms at the station with a reversing siding between the two running tracks just to the south of the station, and some trains (mainly from Stratford DLR station) used to terminate here as Lewisham DLR station was unable to handle too many trains.
Nowadays however, it is rare to see trains terminate at Crossharbour, as many trains from Stratford now terminate at Canary Wharf DLR station.
Shortly after the Napoleonic Wars ended, Ferdinand VII, recently restored to the throne in Spain, decided to send military forces to retake most of the northern South American colonies, which had established autonomous juntas and independent states.
The invaders, with support from loyal colonial troops, completed the reconquest of New Granada by taking Bogotá on May 6, 1816.
In 1815, Spain sent to its most seditious colonies the strongest expeditionary force that it had ever sent to the Americas.
Originally, they were to head for Montevideo in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, but soon it was decided to send these forces to the Viceroyalty of New Granada (present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama) and Venezuela.
Leaving the port of Cádiz on February 17, 1815, the force initially landed at Carupano and the island of Margarita in April, where no resistance was encountered.
A small part of the main corps set off towards Panamá, while the main contingent was directed from Puerto Cabello towards the Neogranadine coastal city of Santa Marta which was still in royalist hands.
By 1816, the combined efforts of Spanish and colonial forces, marching south from Cartagena and north from royalist strongholds in Quito, Pasto, and Popayán, completed the reconquest of New Granada, taking Bogotá on May 6, 1816.
In the end, they prevented a coordinated effort by the different factions, although there were some attempts to do so, such as under the United Provinces of New Granada.
One significant factor in the disunity was that representatives of the United Kingdom and of the United States refused to grant political recognition and would not commit the sufficient amount of economic and military aid to successfully resist Morillo's force.
Finally, several notable individuals, whose leadership would have been useful, decided to exile themselves, although other republican leaders remained in the region and tried to reorganize their military and political activities in order to face the new threat.
As a result of the internal conflicts in New Granada, Simón Bolívar, who had been acting under the authority of the United Provinces, left his command on May 8, 1815, after failing to subdue Cartagena in March in retaliation for its refusal to give him arms and men.
Bolívar traveled to Jamaica and later Haiti, a small republic that had freed itself from French rule, where he and other independence leaders were given a friendly reception.
Eventually, the growing exile community received money, volunteers and weapons from Haitian president Alexandre Pétion, and resumed the struggle for independence in the remote border areas of both New Granada and Venezuela, where they established irregular guerrilla bands with the locals.
This formed the basis from which the struggle to establish republics successfully spread towards the other areas of South America under Spanish control.
Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, mostly of the heart and lungs.
When it occurs together with joint effusions, joint pains, and abnormal skin and bone growth it is known as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
The incidence of clubbing is unknown; it was present in about 1% of people admitted to an internal medicine unit of a hospital.
Therefore, in patients with COPD and significant degrees of clubbing, a search for signs of bronchogenic carcinoma (or other causes of clubbing) might still be indicated.
This is the combination of clubbing and thickening of periosteum (connective tissue lining of the bones) and synovium (lining of joints), and is often initially diagnosed as arthritis.
This condition has been linked to mutations in the gene on the fourth chromosome (4q33-q34) coding for the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD); this leads to decreased breakdown of prostaglandin E2 and elevated levels of this substance.
Associated conditions may be identified by taking a detailed medical history—particular attention is paid to lung, heart, and gastrointestinal conditions—and conducting a thorough clinical examination, which may disclose associated features relevant to the underlying diagnosis.
Schamroth's test or Schamroth's window test (originally demonstrated by South African cardiologist Leo Schamroth on himself) is a popular test for clubbing.
A 2008 study found clubbing in 1%, or 15 patients, of 1511 patients admitted to a department of internal medicine in Belgium.
Of these, 40%, or 6 patients, turned out to have significant underlying disease of various causes, while 60%, or 9 patients, had no medical problems on further investigations and remained well over the subsequent year.
Donetsk ( , ; ; ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Hughesovka, Yuzovka and Stalino (), is an industrial city in Eastern Ukraine and the capital city of the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic, located on the Kalmius River.
Donetsk is adjacent to another major city, Makiivka, and along with other surrounding cities forms a major urban sprawl and conurbation in the region.
Donetsk has been a major economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of heavy industries and a skilled workforce.
Since April 2014 Donetsk and its surrounding areas have been one of the major sites of fighting in the ongoing Donbass War, as pro-Russian separatist forces battle against Ukrainian military forces for control of the city and surrounding areas.
Throughout the war, the city of Donetsk has been administered by the pro-Russian separatist forces as the center of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), with outlying territories of the Donetsk region divided between the two sides.
Donetsk International Airport became the epicenter of the war with almost a year-long battle leading to massive casualties among civilians and a total ruination of the northeastern neighborhoods of the city.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Yuzovka had approximately 50,000 inhabitants, and attained the status of a city in 1917.
After the Russian Civil War broke out, Yuzovka was part of the Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic from its declaration of independence on 12 February 1918.
The Republic was disbanded at the 2nd All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on 20 March 1918 when the independence of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic was declared.
It failed to achieve recognition, either internationally or by the Russian SFSR, and in accordance with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was abolished.
In 1933, the first sewer system was installed, and next year the first exploitation of gas was conducted within the city.
The German invasion during World War II almost completely destroyed the city, which was mostly rebuilt on a large scale at the war's end.
It was occupied by German and Italian forces as part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine between 16 October 1941 and 5 September 1943.
During Nikita Khrushchev's second wave of destalinization in November 1961, the city was renamed Donetsk, after the Seversky Donets River, a tributary of the Don in order to distance it from the former leader Joseph Stalin.
After experiencing a tough time in the 1990s, when it was the center of gang wars for control over industrial enterprises, Donetsk modernised quickly, largely under the influence of big companies.
In 1994 a referendum took place in the Donetsk Oblast and the Luhansk Oblast, with around 90% supporting the Russian language gaining status of an official language alongside Ukrainian, and for the Russian language to be an official language on a regional level; however, the referendum was annulled by the Kiev government.
In the 1990s and the 2000s coal mine collapses took place in Donetsk and the region, taking the lives of hundreds; those included the 2008 Ukraine coal mine collapse, the 2007 Zasyadko mine disaster, and the 2015 Zasyadko mine disaster.
Ukraine has had a series of mining accidents since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and one reason being given is the linking of miners' pay to production, which serves as an incentive to ignore safety procedures that would slow production.
In a summit in Moscow in 2008, Donetsk was recognised as the best city in the Commonwealth of Independent States for its implemented development strategies; in 2012 and 2013 Donetsk was recognised as the best place for business in Ukraine.
Whilst getting praise for its business potential, Donetsk also received criticism for the strong mafia connection of its business magnates, and for the increasing poverty rate (alongside a growing number of oligarchs).
Later in the week the authorities of Donetsk denounced a referendum on the status of the region and the police retook the Donetsk Oblast administrative building.
It was stated by the head of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic election commission, Roman Lyagin, that almost 90 percent of those who voted in the Donetsk Region endorsed political independence from Kyiv.
Human Rights Watch has called on both warring factions to cease using BM-21 Grad in populated areas, and has said the use of these weapons systems may be a violation of international humanitarian laws and could constitute war crimes.
The 2015 IIHF World Championship Division I, Group A was scheduled for 18 to 24 April 2015 in Donetsk, but Ukraine withdrew as hosts due to the ongoing conflict in the country.
The Kalmius River links the city with the Sea of Azov, which is to the south, and a popular recreational area for those living in Donetsk.
Smaller minorities include in particular ethnic groups from the South Caucasus and northeast Anatolia region, including Armenians, Georgians, and Pontic Greeks (including those defined as Caucasus Greeks).
Directly under the city lie coal mines, which have recently seen an increase in mining accidents, the most recent accident being at the Zasyadko mine, which killed over 100 workers.
Donetsk's economy consists of about 200 industrial organizations that have a total production output of more than 120 billion rubles per year and more than 20,000 medium-small sized organizations.
The city's coal mining industry comprises 17 coal mines and two concentrating mills; the metallurgy industry comprises 5 large metallurgical plants located throughout the city; the engineering market comprises 67 organizations, and the food industry — 32 organizations.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, Donetsk and other neighboring cities of the Donbass suffered heavily, as many factories were closed down and many inhabitants lost their jobs.
Donetsk topped the rating in five indicators: human capital, the purchasing power of citizens, investment situation, economic stability, as well as infrastructure and comfort.
Donetsk is a large sports center, has a developed infrastructure, and has repeatedly held international competitions – Davis Cup, UEFA Champions League.
Donetsk is the home to three major professional football clubs: Shakhtar Donetsk, which plays at the Donbass Arena (previously at the Shakhtar Stadium and the RSC Olimpiyskiy), Metalurh Donetsk, which plays at the Metalurh Stadium, and FC Olimpik Donetsk.
Shakhtar Donetsk won the Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup multiple times, and in 2009 they became the second team from Ukraine (after FC Dynamo Kyiv) to win a European competition, the UEFA Cup.
Donetsk is also home to the women's football club WFC Donchanka, one of the most successful clubs in the history of the Ukrainian Women's League.
When the joint bid for the UEFA Euro 2012 was won by Poland and Ukraine, Donetsk's Donbass Arena was chosen as the location for three Group D matches, one quarter-final match, and one semi-final match.
Donetsk is home to the ice hockey club HC Donbass, playing at the Druzhba Arena since 2011, which won the 2011 Ukrainian national champion, and which is the only elite level team in the country.
After playing a single season in the Russian Major League, the club upgraded its arena to Kontinental Hockey League regulations, and joined the league in 2012.
When moving to the KHL, the club created a local farm club to play in the Ukrainian Championship under the name HC Donbass-2, which won the 2012 and 2013 national titles.
In 2013 Donetsk was hosting the 2012–13 IIHF Continental Cup ice hockey Super Final, which HC Donbass won, and the 2013 IIHF World Championship Division I – Group B, where Ukraine finished 1st and earned promotion to Group A (both were hosted at the Druzhba Arena).
Donetsk is also home to the basketball club BC Donetsk, which plays in the Ukrainian Basketball Super League, and won the 2012 champion title.
The MFC Shakhtar Donetsk club won the Ukrainian futsal championship five times, but was dissolved in January 2011 midway through the season due to financial problems (at the time – the most titled club in Ukraine).
One of the top Soviet volleyball teams at the time, VC Shakhtar Donetsk, who were the last team to win the Soviet Volleyball Championship, in 1992.
The team also won the first two championships in the independent Ukraine league, in 1992 and 1993 (the 1992 Ukraine championship was held in Donetsk), and won the Ukraine Cup in 1993, but after having financial issues, the club was relegated in 1997, and after one season in the second tear it was shut down.
Donetsk hosted the USSR Tennis Championship in 1978, 1979 and 1980, and hosted some tennis matches of the 2005 Davis Cup.
Donetsk was home to the Alexander Kolyaskin Memorial, which was held between 2002–2008 and part of the ATP Challenger Series, and Donetsk is the home of the female Viccourt Cup, which is classified as an ITF Women's Circuit and started in 2012.
Donetsk was one of the host towns for the 1978 and 1980 Soviet Athletics Championships, and was the sole host town of the event in 1984.
Serhii Bubka, regarded by many as the greatest pole vaulter in history, grew up in the city, and also started in 1992 an annual pole vaulting event in Donetsk, called Pole Vault Stars.
His indoor world pole vault record of 6.15m, set in the Donetsk Olympic Stadium on 21 February 1993, was not broken until 2014.
The 2015 IIHF World Championship Division I ice hockey tournament had been scheduled for 18 to 24 April 2015 in Donetsk but was later moved to Kraków, Poland due to the ongoing war.
Built in 1936, the Donetsk Opera and Ballet Theatre, is a gem of a theatre with an elegant exterior and world-class performances inside.
This 5-star hotel in the center of Donetsk is the only ex-Ukrainian hotel to join The Leading Hotels of The World and was Ukraine's leading business hotel according to the World Travel Awards Association.
During the Nazi occupation of Donetsk, the Gestapo headquartered in the former hotel; the building was partially destroyed during the war.
Donetsk is home to the world's perhaps most famous plant forged out of steel, the intricate Mertsalov Palm, located on Pushkin Boulevard.
Originally created for an exhibition in 1896 by Aleksei Mertsalov, a local blacksmith, out of a single rail, it represented the skills and power of the heavy industry in Czarist Russia.
This 2001 statue located in front of Donetsk National Technical University honours the hard work of Welsh city founder John James Hughes.
The free-standing dome, made with OpenAire's exclusive, maintenance-free aluminium truss structure, will be high with a diameter of , and feature a unique retractable design that slides open in a smooth rotating motion, opening up to 50% of the structure to sunlight and fresh air.
The Aquatoria, slated to become the largest retractable aluminium-domed indoor waterpark in the world, is being built by Canadian company OpenAire, Inc., a premier designer, manufacturer and installer of retractable roof enclosures and operable skylights.
After the construction of the residence of John Hughes and the various complexes for the foreign workers, the city's southern portion was constructed mainly in the English style.
These buildings used rectangular and triangular shaped façades, green rooftops, large windows, which occupied a large portion of the building, and balconies.
The central street of Novyi Svet and the neighbouring streets were mainly edged by one- or two-story residential buildings, as well as markets, restaurants, hotels, offices and banks.
A large portion of the city's buildings from the second half of the 20th century were designed by the architect Pavel Vigdergauz, which was given the Government award of the USSR for architecture in the city of Donetsk in 1978.
Donetsk's residents belong to religious traditions including the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Catholic Churches, Protestantism, and the Roman Catholic Church, as well as Islam and Judaism.
The religious body with the most members is the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) and Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate.
The leaflet claimed that failure to comply with its demands would result in the revocation of citizenship and confiscation of property.
Set up in 1924, it offers an extensive expo with 120,000 exhibits: from archeological findings dating back to pre-historic times to the founding of the city by John Hughes, development of industry and coal mining, World War II and the Soviet times.
On 21 August 2014, the mayor of Donetsk reported that the roof and walls of the Donetsk Regional History Museum had been destroyed by shellfire early that morning.
The construction of the metro system in the city, begun in 1992, was recently abandoned due to the lack of funding.
(As of September 2009) a new railway terminal facility that will comply with UEFA requirements (since Donetsk is one of the host city's for UEFA EURO 2012) is planned.
It serves the farming and industrial businesses of the area, and the populations of the Donetsk and Lugansk Republics and parts of the Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia and Kharkiv oblasts.
Because of fighting the airport has been closed as of 26 May 2014 and the airport has since then largely been destroyed.
Donetsk has several universities, which include five state universities, 11 institutes, three academies, 14 technicums, five private universities, and six colleges.
Donetsk is also the home of the Donetsk National Medical University, which was founded in 1930 and became one of the largest medical universities in the Soviet Union.
Christine had recently ended her relationship with Wilson, a member of the Beach Boys, who would die by drowning the following year.
It spent a total of 18 weeks in the US Top Ten and was certified double platinum for shipping 2,000,000 copies there.
This expanded reissue features a remaster of the original album, 13 live tracks, B-sides, outtakes, plus other songs that did not make the final cut.
The concert was not released on DVD until 2003, but this was limited to Brazil on the Studio Gaba label and featured an unmastered soundtrack.
In 2006 a good quality release was issued in Australia, with an added special feature comprising six Stevie Nicks solo promotional videos for some of her singles released between 1981 and 1986.
Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal.
As a captain in the United States Army he supported a military invasion of Mexico in 1916 as a means of ending Pancho Villa's raids.
Jack Fall and his sister Caroline died within a week of each other during the influenza epidemic that swept the world in 1918.
Fall was appointed judge of the third judicial district in 1893, and associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court later the same year.
Fall and his neighbor, Oliver M. Lee, were land owners in the area and were rivals to attorney Albert Jennings Fountain.
Fall disliked Fountain, who showed little fear of the Fall–Lee faction and challenged them openly in the courts and political arena.
On February 1, 1896, Fountain and his eight-year-old son, Henry, disappeared near the White Sands on the way from Fall's Three Rivers Ranch north of Tularosa to their home in Mesilla.
Evidence at the trial suggested Lee was involved in Fountain's murder and disappearance, but investigators had to deal with a corrupt court system and Fall's legal skill.
It was widely known that he made a political alliance with Thomas B. Catron, the man who served alongside him, to ensure that both would be elected.
This controversy made Fall a target of the local Republican Party, as they believed Fall had not contributed sufficiently to their efforts to secure New Mexico's statehood, and was not worthy of their nomination.
This came to a head when, under Senate rules, Fall's term was over in March 1913, so his name was again up before the legislature for re-appointment.
Governor McDonald, on the advice of his Democratic legal advisor, Summers Burkhart, said that the legislature's procedure had been illegal, and failed to sign the credentialing papers in an attempt to oust Fall by forcing a special session of the legislature and a new vote.
In the general election he overcame a bitter challenge from Democrat William B. Walton, even though Fall never made a campaign speech.
Some commentators suggest that it was sympathy for Fall's tragic loss of his two children in the flu epidemic that won him the election.
In the Senate, Fall served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor, was noted for his support of the suffrage movement and his extreme isolationist tendencies when the U.S. entered World War I.
As a leading antagonist to Democratic President Woodrow Wilson, Fall was permitted to visit the stricken President in his White House bedroom in October 1919, hoping to gauge whether the Chief Executive was well enough to remain in office.
However, while in the Senate he had become close friends with the people who would later make up the infamous Ohio Gang, which secured him a cabinet position in March 1921.
Soon after his appointment, Harding convinced Edwin Denby, the Secretary of the Navy, that Fall's department should take over responsibility for the Naval Reserves at Elk Hills, California, Buena Vista, California, and Teapot Dome, Wyoming.
Sir, if you have a milkshake and I have a milkshake and my straw reaches across the room, I'll end up drinking your milkshake.
The investigation found Fall guilty of conspiracy and bribery as a result of $385,000 having been paid to him by Edward L. Doheny.
Fall was jailed for one year as a result—the first former cabinet officer sentenced to prison as a result of misconduct in office.
A visiting senior fellow at the London School of Economics' European Institute, he is a former adviser to European Commission president José Manuel Barroso from 2011 to 2014.
From February 2011 to February 2014, he was principal adviser and head of the analysis team at the Bureau of European Policy Advisers to the president of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso.
As such, he provided President Barroso with independent economic advice and led the team which provides him with strategic policy advice.
He holds a BSc in Economics and an MSc in Politics of the World Economy, both from the London School of Economics.
A medical sign is an objective indication of a sign or characteristic that may be detected during the physical examination of a patient.
the temperature or blood pressure of the patient, skin that is redder than usual, or a bruise; others may have no meaning to the patient or may even go completely unnoticed.
Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but certain combinations can be suggestive of certain diagnoses, helping to narrow down what may be wrong.
Examples of signs include elevated blood pressure, clubbing of the ends of fingers as a sign of lung disease, staggering gait, and arcus senilis of the eyes.
A slightly different definition views signs as any indication of a medical condition that can be objectively observed (i.e., by someone other than the patient), whereas a symptom is merely any manifestation of a condition that is apparent only to the patient (i.e., something consciously affecting the patient).
With this set of definitions, there is some overlap—certain things may qualify as both a sign and a symptom (e.g., a bloody nose).
A person, who has and exercises the knowledge required to understand the significance or indication or meaning of the sign, is necessary for something to be a complete sign.
A physical phenomenon that is not actually interpreted as a sign pointing to something else is, in medicine, merely a symptom.
When the observer reflects on that phenomenon and uses it as a base for further inferences, then that symptom is transformed into a sign.
That to which a sign points is part of its meaning, which may be rich and complex, or scanty, or any gradation in between.
In medicine, then, a sign is thus a phenomenon from which we may get a message, a message that tells us something about the patient or the disease.
Ordinarily, one single symptom by itself—such as pain or swelling, or discoloration, or bloody discharge—would not permit any specific inference, but when symptoms occur in clusters and form a pattern, then the aggregate might point to a particular disease.
The introduction of the techniques of percussion and auscultation into medical practice altered the relationship between physician and patient in a significant way, specifically because these techniques relied almost entirely upon the physician listening to the sounds of the patient's body.
Not only did this development reduce the patient's capacity to observe and contribute to the process of diagnosis, it also meant that the patient was often instructed to stop talking, and remain silent.
In a patient who presents with haemoptysis (coughing up blood), the haemoptysis is very much more likely to be caused by respiratory disease than by the patient having broken their toe.
Each question in the history taking allows the medical practitioner to narrow down their view of the cause of the symptom, testing and building up their hypotheses as they go along.
Examination, which is essentially looking for clinical signs, allows the medical practitioner to see if there is evidence in the patient's body to support their hypotheses about the disease that might be present.
A patient who has given a good story to support a diagnosis of tuberculosis might be found, on examination, to show signs that lead the practitioner away from that diagnosis and more towards sarcoidosis, for example.
An example would be a history of a fall from a height, followed by a lot of pain in the leg.
The signs (a swollen, tender, distorted lower leg) are only very strongly suggestive of a fracture; it might not actually be broken, and even if it is, the particular kind of fracture and its degree of dislocation need to be known, so the practitioner orders an x-ray—and, for example, if the x-ray were to show a fractured tibia, the film would be diagnostic of the fracture.
He was Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party from 1990–91 and served as the Member of Parliament for Galloway and Upper Nithsdale from 1997-2001.
Morgan was born in Aberfeldy and was educated at Breadalbane Academy and the University of Glasgow, graduating in 1968 with a MA Honours degree in Mathematics and Political economy.
He was employed as a Software Programmer at Shell from 1974–80, then as a Systems Analyst with General Electric from 1980-84.
He then worked as a Computer Systems Team Leader at Fife Regional Council (1984-1986), Lothian Regional Council (1986-1996) and West Lothian Council (1996-1997).
He served as SNP National Treasurer from 1983–90, when he was elected Senior Vice Convener (depute leader) at the same election that saw Alex Salmond first elected as Leader of the Scottish National Party.
Morgan was defeated by Jim Sillars in the depute leadership election the following year, but served as National Secretary from 1992-97.
During that same year, he was elected as one of the SNP's vice presidents; an office he held until these positions were abolished as part of the party's constitutional reforms in 2004.
Morgan was elected as the Member of Parliament for Galloway and Upper Nithsdale at the 1997 general election and served as a member of the Trade and Industry Select Committee and as leader of the SNP parliamentary group in the House of Commons from 1999-2001.
He was elected as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Galloway and Upper Nithsdale in 1999, with a majority of 3,201 votes.
At the 2003 Scottish Parliamentary election, he narrowly lost his constituency seat to Alex Fergusson of the Scottish Conservative Party by just 99 votes.
Morgan served as convener of the Enterprise and Culture Committee from 2003–04, convener of the SNP parliamentary group from 2003–05, and as SNP chief whip from 2005-07.
Maria Fyfe (born 25 November 1938) is a politician in the United Kingdom and former Member of Parliament for Glasgow Maryhill.
Born Maria O'Neill, the daughter of James O’Neill and Margaret Lacey, she became a member of the Labour Party in 1960.
She worked as a senior lecturer in the Trade Union Studies Unit at Glasgow Central College of Commerce from 1978 to 1987.
In 1980, she was elected to Glasgow District Council, serving as Vice-Convener of the Finance Committee from then until 1984, when she became Convener of the Personnel Committee.
At the 1987 general election, Fyfe was returned to Parliament as Member for Glasgow Maryhill, a position she occupied until the 2001 general election.
She served as Deputy Shadow Minister for Women from 1988 to 1991, Convener of the Scottish Group of Labour MPs from 1991 to 1992, and front bench spokesperson for Scotland from 1992 to 1995.
She chaired concurrently the Labour Party Departmental Committee on International Development and the Labour Group in the UK Delegation to the Council of Europe, both from 1997 to 2001.
Abdullah Mohamed Omar (26 May 1934 – 13 March 2004), better known as Dullah Omar, was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, lawyer, and a minister in the South African cabinet from 1994 till his death.
In 1994, Omar became Minister of Justice in South Africa in Nelson Mandela's ANC government, and was the first cabinet minister appointed Acting President in the absence of both the President and Deputy President from South Africa.
One of his principal actions was the promulgation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in July 1995 to look into the crimes committed during apartheid and offer platforms for victims and/or their families to confront the perpetrators, who would in turn be offered amnesty for coming forward.
In 1999, following the election of Thabo Mbeki as President, Omar became the Minister of Transport, a post that he held until his death from cancer.
Of Indian descent and a lifelong resident of the Western Cape, he was married with three children, and was buried with official honours, and in accordance with Muslim tradition on the day of his death.
Acco was a chief of the Senones in Gaul, who induced his countrymen to revolt against Julius Caesar in 53 BC.
On the conclusion of the war, and after a conference at Durocortorum, Caesar had Acco tried and convicted on charges of treason.
David William McLetchie CBE (6 August 1952 – 12 August 2013) was a Scottish Conservative politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party from 1999 to 2005 and Member of the Scottish Parliament for Edinburgh Pentlands from 2003 to 2011, and Lothian from 1999 to 2003 and 2011 to 2013.
Born in Edinburgh, McLetchie became leader of the Scottish Conservatives upon the creation of the Scottish Parliament, in 1999, and was the MSP for the Lothians electoral region (1999–2003).
He graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in Law in 1974, having attended Leith Academy and George Heriot's School.
He was also Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party from 1999 until 2005, having been elected in the 1998 Scottish Conservative Party leadership election.
Initially he was elected as an additional member for the Lothian region, but at the 2003 election he won the first past the post seat of Edinburgh Pentlands.
David McLetchie announced his resignation as Scottish Conservative Party leader on 31 October 2005, after it was revealed he had spent £11,500 of taxpayers' money on taxi fares, more than any other MSP.
Following his resignation McLetchie had a short spell as a backbencher in the Parliament though he remained a prominent figure, his major successes from this period include his campaigns on free personal care and road pricing.
In May 2007, McLetchie was re-elected as MSP for Edinburgh Pentlands with an increased share of the vote and his majority doubled.
On his return, he was made Conservative Chief Whip and business manager, a role which was set to be more important than ever before; given the minority SNP administration.
At the Scottish Parliament election on 5 May 2011, he lost the Edinburgh Pentlands seat to Gordon MacDonald of the SNP.
Later he was director of the Toulouse Observatory from 1878 to 1907, during much of this time serving as Dean of the University of Toulouse Faculty of Science.
In 1903, the observatory took over a facility on the Pic du Midi in the Pyrenees that had been founded by amateurs in the 1850s with the goal of putting a telescope there.
However, the height of 2865 metres (9400 feet) posed formidable logistical challenges and the ambition had remained unrealised though a meteorological observatory had operated from 1873 to 1880.
Baillaud organised a team of soldiers to erect a 0.5 metre (20 inch) reflecting telescope, and 0.25 metre refracting telescope on the summit.
Baillaud was active in time standardisation, becoming the founding president of the International Time Bureau and initiating the transmission of a time signal from the Eiffel Tower.
Born in Paris, the son of a pastry-cook, he was educated at the college of Louis-le-Grand, and after his father's death he carried on the business for a time.
By their united talents and labours, the Opéra-Comique rose to such a height of success that it aroused the jealousy of the rival Comédie-Française and was suppressed.
Favart, left thus without resources, accepted the proposal of Maurice, comte de Saxe, and became director of a troupe of comedians which was to accompany Maurice's army into Flanders.
It was part of his duty to compose from time to time impromptu verses on the events of the campaign, amusing and stimulating the spirits of the men.
So popular were Favart and his troupe that the enemy became desirous of hearing his company and sharing his services, and permission was given to gratify them, battles and comedies thus curiously alternating with each other.
It was at this time that he became friendly with the abbé de Voisenon, who helped him with his work, to what extent is uncertain.
In turn, these paintings inspired artists of the Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory to create a pair of figurines showing the two characters in poses imitating the characters of the play.
As a token of goodwill, Novgorod ceded three Karelian parishes to Sweden; Sweden would in turn stay out of any conflict between Novgorod and Narva.
The treaty defined the border as beginning east and north of Viborg Castle, running along the Sestra and Volchya Rivers, splitting the Karelian Isthmus in half, running across Savonia and, according to traditional interpretations, ending in the Gulf of Bothnia near the Pyhäjoki River.
It has also been suggested that the treaty would have originally given both Sweden and Novgorod joint rights to northern Ostrobothnia and Lappland.
The northern part of the border crossed wide stretches of wilderness in which the Hansa and its diplomats were not interested, but these areas became a bone of contention between Sweden and Novgorod soon thereafter.
However, long before that, Sweden had succeeded in permanently taking over large areas on the Novgorod side of the original border, including Ostrobothnia and Savonia.
Eventually, the territory west of the border, along with the expanse to the north, evolved into the country known today as Finland.
Depending on the circumstances, the hands are folded modestly in the lap, or are placed palm down on the upper thighs with the fingers close together, or are placed on the floor next to the hips, with the knuckles rounded and touching the floor.
Some martial arts, notably kendō, aikidō, and iaidō, may prescribe up to two fist widths of distance between the knees for men.
By the middle of the Edo period, it had become a convention for samurai to sit in this manner when meeting authority figures such as the Shogun as a symbol of obedience and loyalty.
The posture serves as the standard floor sitting posture for most traditional formal occasions, and it is generally considered the respectful way to sit in the presence of superiors or elders unless otherwise permitted.
They are folding stools, small enough to be carried in a handbag, which are placed between the feet and on which one rests the buttocks when sitting seiza-style.
To perform this knee-walking movement correctly the heels must be kept close together, and the body must move as a whole unit.
are impossible to do in skirts or certain types of women's traditional clothing (such as the premodern kimono) without risk of exposure, so an alternative informal sitting posture has both legs off to one side, with one side of the hips on the floor, termed .
In use a seam ripper, the sharp point of the tool is inserted into the seam underneath the thread to be cut.
The thread is allowed to slip down into the fork and the tool is then lifted upwards, allowing the blade to rip through the thread.
Robert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford, HonFAIB (born 8 January 1936) is an Australian scientist who was formerly Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government, President of the Royal Society, and a professor at the University of Sydney and Princeton University.
He then attended the University of Sydney, where he studied chemical engineering and theoretical physics (BSc 1956) and received a PhD in theoretical physics in 1959.
Early in his career, May developed an interest in animal population dynamics and the relationship between complexity and stability in natural communities.
May was Gordon MacKay Lecturer in Applied Mathematics at Harvard University (1959–61) and returned to the University of Sydney (1962) as senior lecturer, reader, and professor (1969–72) in theoretical physics.
From 1973 until 1988, he was Class of 1977 Professor of Zoology at Princeton University, serving as chairman of the University Research Board 197788.
From 1988 until 1995, he held a Royal Society Research Professorship jointly at Imperial College London and the University of Oxford, where became a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford and a Master of Arts.
He was Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government and head of the Office of Science and Technology (1995–2000), and president of the Royal Society (2000–2005).
In 1996, May asked Ig Nobel to stop awarding prizes to British scientists because this might lead the public to treat worthwhile research less seriously (see Criticism of Ig Nobel).
While referring to what he believes to be a rigid structure of fundamentalist religion, he stated that the co-operational aspects of non-fundamentalist religion may in fact help with climate change.
When asked if religious leaders should be doing more to persuade people to combat climate change, he stated that it was absolutely necessary.
He was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1979, a Corresponding Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1991, a Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1992, to the Academia Europaea in 1994 and Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 2010.
He has received honorary degrees from universities including Uppsala (1990), Yale (1993), Sydney (1995), Princeton (1996), and the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (2003).
During his postdoctoral research at the Division of Engineering and Applied Physics at Harvard University as Gordon MacKay Lecturer in Applied Mathematics, between 1959 and 1961, May met his wife, Judith Feiner, a native of Manhattan.
There are 31 members of the Senate, representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with populations of approximately 806,000 per constituency, based on the 2010 U.S. Census.
Half of the senators will serve a two-year term, based on a drawing; the other half will fill regular four-year terms.
In the case of the latter, they or their successors will be up for two-year terms in the next year that ends in 0.
Unlike most lieutenant governors who are constitutionally designated as presiding officers of the upper house, the Lieutenant Governor regularly exercises this function.
The Lieutenant Governor's duties include appointing chairs of committees, committee members, assigning and referring bills to specific committees, recognizing members during debate, and making procedural rulings.
If the Senate votes to dissolve itself into the Committee of the Whole, in which all members are part of the Committee, the President Pro-Tempore presides over the proceedings, with the Lieutenant Governor acting as a regular voting member.
Due to the various powers of committee selection and bill assignment, the Lieutenant Governor is considered one of the most powerful lieutenant governorships in the United States.
Instead, the President Pro Tempore is considered the second most powerful position, and can be reserved to any political party in the chamber regardless if the party is a majority or not.
The President Pro Tempore presides when the Lieutenant Governor is not present or when the legislature is not in regular session.
For the 82nd Legislative Session, which began in 2011, there were only two new, or freshman, senators, Brian Birdwell, a Republican from Granbury, and José R. Rodríguez, a Democrat from El Paso.
For the 83rd Legislative Session, which began in 2013, there were six new senators, including Sylvia Garcia, who succeeded the late senator Mario Gallegos Jr. through a special election.
The five other new senators were Charles Schwertner, a Republican from Georgetown, Ken Paxton, a Republican from McKinney, Kelly Hancock, a Republican from Fort Worth, Larry Taylor, a Republican from Friendswood, and Donna Campbell, a Republican from New Braunfels.
Senator John Whitmire, a Democrat from Houston, is the Dean of the Senate, meaning he is the most senior member, having served since 1987.
Senator Chris Harris, a Republican from Arlington, is the most senior member of his party, and the fourth most-senior overall member.
New senators elected in the 2018 regular election included Angela Paxton (R), Beverly Powell (D), Nathan Johnson (D), and Pat Fallon (R).
State Rep. Carol Alvarado, D-Houston, won the Senate District 6 special election on December 11, 2018, to replace Sylvia Garcia, who resigned after she won a seat in the United States House of Representatives in the regular election.
Although musically closer to traditional rock n' roll and punk, the band have been cited as a major influence in the glam metal genre for bands such as Guns N' Roses, Skid Row and Poison.
According to Finnish radio and TV personality Jone Nikula, who was the band's tour manager in the 2000s, Hanoi Rocks's albums have sold between 780,000 and 1,000,000 copies around the world, mostly in Scandinavia and Japan.
Hanoi Rocks were formed in Helsinki in 1979 by Michael Monroe (Matti Fagerholm) and his friend, guitarist Andy McCoy (Antti Hulkko).
The original lineup of Hanoi Rocks was Michael Monroe on vocals, former Pelle Miljoona Oy guitarist Stefan Piesnack, Monroe's guitarist Nasty Suicide, bassist Nedo Soininen, and drummer Peki Sirola.
At one of the band's first shows was Seppo Vesterinen, who had brought big-name artists like Iggy Pop and Frank Zappa to Finland.
In late 1970 Andy McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy to join Hanoi Rocks, and was later joined by another former Pelle Miljoona Oy member, bassist Sami Yaffa.
By then Peki had left the band, and when they relocated to Stockholm, they hired an old friend of Monroe and McCoy's, drummer Gyp Casino.
When they moved to Stockholm, the bandmembers lived mostly on the street, begging for money, except Andy McCoy, who lived with his wealthy girlfriend.
Gyp Casino was the band's drummer but did not play on the single as he was recording with another band in Stockholm.
The band launched a 102-day tour in January 1981, which is believed to be the longest rock tour in Finnish history.
The tour developed the band's energetic and wild playing style, which audiences were slow to find pleasing but later praised the band for.
In September 1981, after extensive tours in Sweden and Finland, the band moved to London, where they recorded their second album.
Monroe met a Hanoi Rocks fan called Razzle at a Johnny Thunders show, and when Razzle found out that Monroe was the singer for Hanoi Rocks, he attended some shows, showed up backstage, and asked to be the band's drummer.
McCoy and Monroe fired Gyp Casino for his drug use, depression, and suicidal thoughts, and Razzle was hired as the new drummer.
The ticket prices for the show were as high as for stadium-fillers, and some phone booths in Tokyo played Hanoi Rocks songs.
In April, the band returned to London for the recording of their fourth album, and went to Israel, where they were not well received.
Monroe could not leave the hotel because of his somewhat unconventional appearance: local people thought he was an improperly-dressed woman and would gather around and spit on him.
Hanoi Rocks toured the UK and in Finland until June 1983, when the band made a deal with CBS worth £150,000.
Before the show, Michael Monroe stated in an interview with the Finnish television station YLE that McCoy and Suicide's alcohol use had gotten out of hand, and that he did not drink or use drugs.
In October 1983, producer Bob Ezrin flew from the US to see Hanoi Rocks live in London, and in December he was confirmed as the producer for the next album.
Ezrin had invited Ian Hunter of Mott the Hoople to help with the songwriting, and Hunter brought Jack Bruce (formerly of Cream), who in turn brought Pete Brown, to the recording sessions.
After a Swedish tour, the band toured America until Michael Monroe fractured his ankle onstage at USA Sam's in Syracuse, NY on November 29, resulting in some of the dates being canceled.
On December 8, Hanoi Rocks band members (except for Michael Monroe, who was recuperating from his fractured ankle) were partying with their friends Mötley Crüe, at lead singer Vince Neil's house.
Although the album was a hit in Finland and Japan, Monroe and McCoy were not present when the album was mixed, and when they heard the finished product they were not happy.
With no bassist and no guitarist, Monroe had to play some of the bass and guitar parts, but in early 2005 the band was able to find a new guitarist, Conny Bloom.
Critics liked the album's diversity and braveness to try new things, but some of the old fans and hard rock fans thought that the album was weird and that Hanoi Rocks had changed too much since the 1980s.
By this time Monroe and McCoy had come to the decision that Hanoi Rocks' time had come to an end, as they no longer had collaborated since 2007 and things were getting stale.
Eventually Monroe and McCoy released a statement that they had taken the band as far as they could and that the band would break up.
It mainly covered Hanoi Rocks' career in the 1980s and included rare photos of the band and its members and new interviews with Monroe, McCoy, Nasty Suicide, Gyp Casino, Seppo Vesterinen, Richard Bishop and countless others.
All the shows were sold out, and the band's original guitarist Nasty Suicide appeared as a special guest in three of the last gigs, and Lacu also appeared at the final show.
Although Hanoi Rocks never achieved huge commercial success, they have a very big cult following and they have received critical acclaim for their musical style and energetic live performances.
Hanoi Rocks' influence can be seen in various bands, including Guns N' Roses, and their glam look has been used by many bands, including Poison, L.A.
Other Finnish rock groups that were influenced by Hanoi Rocks include The 69 Eyes (with whom McCoy has also worked) and Negative.
In Finland, Hanoi Rocks is known as the Finnish rock band who, at their time, had come closest to real international fame, only much later giving way to such groups as HIM, Nightwish, Sonata Arctica, Stratovarius, Children of Bodom and Turisas.
I thought Hanoi Rocks were a good band, and they looked… Michael Monroe (Hanoi frontman) was one of the best… I would have shagged him.
And I think Andy McCoy (Hanoi guitarist) does the best kind of Keith Richards... so much better than Mötley Crüe or Poison or any of those bands.
Michael Monroe and Hanoi Rocks have influenced many rock'n'roll artists and bands: Slash and Duff McKagan had bought tickets to the sold-out gigs of Los Angeles, which were canceled because of the death of Razzle.
Michael Monroe and Hanoi Rocks have often been mentioned as the starters of the Hollywood's glam-rock scene, which was then adopted and developed by many 1980s glam, punk, and hard rock bands like Mötley Crüe, Jetboy, LA Guns and Poison.
Nyenschantz was built in 1611 to establish Swedish rule in Ingria, which had been annexed from the Tsardom of Russia during the Time of Troubles.
The town of Nyen, which formed around Nyenschantz, became a wealthy trading center and a capital of Swedish Ingria during the 17th century.
In 1702, Nyenschantz and Nyen were conquered by Russia during the Great Northern War, and the new Russian capital of Saint Petersburg was established by Peter the Great in their place the following year.
In 1609, the Vyborg Treaty was signed by Sweden and Tsardom of Russia as a package of military agreements that were supposed to be mutually beneficial to both countries.
It was signed by King Charles IX of Sweden and Vasili IV (also known as Vasily Shuisky) of Russia in the Swedish city of Vyborg, located on the Karelian Isthmus close to Russian territory.
The treaty came at an unstable period in Russian history known as the Time of Troubles, where the death of Tsar Feodor I in 1598 led to decades of civil war.
Sweden themselves were fighting against the Poles in the Polish–Swedish War, and viewed their eastward expansion into Russian lands as a security threat.
The terms of the Vyborg Treaty stipulated that Sweden would supply a corps of mercenaries to Shuisky to fight False Dmitry II and the Poles, in exchange for Swedish control of the nearby strategic Korela Fortress, as well as its town Kexholm and the respective county.
A coalition between Swedish general Jacob de la Gardie and Russian princes launched the De la Gardie Campaign, effectively defeating False Dmitry II.
The Ingrian War was triggered in 1610 as the new stability of Russia led to increased resistance to Polish occupation and Swedish influence in the country.
As the Poles were defeated in Moscow, Russia began to actively resist the Swedish influence as they sought to regain control over occupied territories, including the province of Ingria, which Sweden insisted on keeping based on Russia violating conditions in the Vyborg Treaty.
Sweden constructed a fortress in Ingria at a strategic position at the confluence of the prominent Neva River and one of its tributaries, the Okhta River.
The Ingrian War ended in Swedish victory in 1617 after the signing of the Treaty of Stolbovo, resulting in Russia ceding the territories to Sweden.
In 1632, the settlement of Nyen was developed across the Okhta from Nyenskans, which was granted town privileges and became the administrative centre of Swedish Ingria in 1642.
By the mid-17th century, Nyen had prospered as a trading hub and had a population of around 2,000 people, making it much larger and wealthier than Swedish Ingria's new capital, Nöteborg.
Around this time, Nyen's governor, John Geselia the Younger, banned Orthodox Christian Swedish subjects from settling in or near the town following tensions with Lutherans.
The attack was repelled, but Nyen was badly damaged by the attack and Sweden moved the administrative centre of Swedish Ingria from Nöteborg to Narva.
In 1677, the defences of Nyenskans and Nyen were enforced by a ring of new fortifications consisting of lunettes with batteries and moats.
By the end of the 17th century, Nyenskans entered its final form after it had been modernized by an extensive project led by engineer Heinrich von Soylenberg.
The fort was expanded to house 600 people, converted into a star fort featuring five wooden and earthen bastions, two additional ravelins, crownworks along the bastions not pointing towards the rivers, and a smaller accompanying half-fort built on the opposite bank of the Neva.
Upon the completion of the project, Nyenskans was thought by Sweden to be the most modern fortress in the world at the time.
By the turn of the 18th century, numerous Swedish and Finnish suburban manors were built outside of the Nyen fortification ring.
In 1700, danger of Russian invasion increased following the beginning of the Great Northern War, which resumed formal hostilities between Sweden and Russia.
Reportedly, in October 1702, Sweden feared an imminent Russian invasion of Nyen, evacuating the city's population and burning it down to prevent the Russians from taking it.
On May 1, 1703, Sweden lost Nyenskans to the Russians when the fortress was taken by Peter the Great during the Ingrian campaign of the Great Northern War.
The last Swedish commandant of Nyenskans was Colonel Johan Apolloff, who was preceded by Colonel Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath, a descendant of Russian noblemen, boyars, who had entered Swedish service in the first decades of the 17th century.
Nyenskans, under the name Schlötburg, functioned in Russian service only for some weeks before it was retired as an active military garrison.
In 1703, Peter decided to found Saint Petersburg, a brand new capital city for the Tsardom of Russia, from scratch in the Neva River delta on the land around Nyenskans.
Peter had disliked Moscow, the largest city and historical capital of Russia, which he considered to be inconveniently located and too isolated from the rest of Europe.
He also had an interest in seafaring and maritime affairs, believing Russia needed a new port city to replace Arkhangelsk, which he similarly considered to be inconveniently located.
Technically, the land still officially belonged to Sweden and occupied during fighting in the Great Northern War, but despite this construction of the city began anyway.
The exact fate of Nyenskans is unknown, with sources ranging from it being mostly demolished as early as 1704, to it being repurposed and intact as late as the 1760s.
Other documents and maps suggest Nyenskans was gradually demolished over the following decades, as Saint Petersburg expanded onto the land in the direct vicinity of the fort.
By 1849, the central strengthening of Nyenskans was known to still exist, although the exact date of its demolition is also unknown.
In early 2007, the remains of Nyenskans' bastions were identified during archaeological excavations, which were necessitated by the threat of irrecoverable exploitation of the entire site to development from the territory of demolished shipyard Petrozavod to the grounds for planned skyscraper headquarters of the Moscow-based national natural gas monopoly Gazprom, Okhta Center, that would dwarf the beautiful cityscape.
This caused protests from the city conservation activists, but they were able to defend the location only after archeologists found remains of the star fort and preceding structures.
Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: محمد نجيب بن عبدالرازق; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018.
He was the former President of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the leading party in Malaysia's Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which maintained control of Malaysia's government as a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election.
On 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), investigating how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International into Najib's bank account.
Najib's tenure as Prime Minister was marked by economic liberalisation measures, such as cuts to government subsidies, loosening of restrictions on foreign investment, and reductions in preferential measures for ethnic Malays in business.
After the 2013 election his government was marked by the pursuit of a number of its critics on sedition charges, the imprisonment of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim following a conviction for sodomy, the implementation of a Goods and Services Tax (GST), and an ongoing scandal involving state investment firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling for Najib's resignation, spearheaded by the grassroots movement Bersih.
Najib's response to the corruption accusations has been to tighten his grip on power by replacing the deputy prime minister, suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament a controversial National Security Council Bill that provides the prime minister with unprecedented powers.
Najib's various subsidy cuts have contributed to soaring living costs, while fluctuating oil prices as well as fallout from the 1MDB scandal have led to a steady depreciation of the Malaysian currency, the ringgit.
In the 2018 general elections the Barisan Nasional party lost their majority for the first time in Malaysia's history; they won only 79 seats out of 222 in the Dewan Rakyat.
Subsequently, under the new government, he was charged with abuse of power and criminal breach of trust for actions during his time as Prime Minister.
Najib is the eldest of second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak's six sons, and the nephew of the third PM Hussein Onn.
Najib is also one of the Four Noblemen of the Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his inherited title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar.
He later attended Malvern College in Worcestershire, England, and subsequently went to the University of Nottingham, where he received a bachelor's degree in industrial economics in 1974.
Najib Razak returned to Malaysia in 1974 and entered the business world, serving briefly in Bank Negara Malaysia and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as a public affairs manager.
In 1976 Najib married Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar ('Kui Yie') with whom he has three children: Mohd Nizar Najib (born 1978), Mohd Nazifuddin Najib and Puteri Norlisa Najib.
In 1987 he divorced Kui Yie and married Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor with whom he has two children: Mohd Norashman Najib and Nooryana Najwa Najib.
Najib Razak is an avid golf lover and he is known to have played golf with the two most recent U.S. Presidents – Barack Obama and Donald Trump.
The eldest son of Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein, was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan.
The national outpouring of grief following Tun Razak's death and the respect for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Member of Parliament at the very young age of 23.
From 1982 to 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s, including Defence and Education.
Under his leadership, Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections, although for the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won the majority of the popular vote.
Najib was first assigned into the Cabinet of Malaysia at the age of 25 when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Post in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country.
He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, becoming the youngest Menteri Besar in the state to enter office when he was sworn in at the age of 29.
Najib was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976.
In 1981, he was selected as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning the post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982.
In 1987, Najib was selected as the acting head of the Movement of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest the post of UMNO Vice-President.
Following mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese sentiments were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the same year where Najib spoke.
Rising tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and eventually resulted in a security operation known as Operasi Lalang, that included numerous administrative detentions.
In June 2009 Najib overturned a rule that required 30% Malay ownership in corporations, and allowed non-ethnic Malays, like the Chinese and the Indians to exercise more financial control in Malaysia.
Najib has also worked to improve relations with Singapore, which is seen by many as Chinese-dominated, to encourage it to invest more heavily in the Malaysian economy.
By 1993, Najib was elected as one of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's decision to contest as the deputy president of UMNO.
On May 12, 2018, Datuk Seri Najib resigned as President of UMNO and Chairman of BN immediately after the 14th general election and replaced by UMNO vice-president, Hishammuddin Hussein.
Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993, losing one soldier in an effort to aid US soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu.
During his five-year tenure, Najib restructured the Ministry, created an independent corporate structure for public universities, and encouraged collaboration with foreign universities and institutions.
The 1996 Private Higher Education Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools in Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaysia as a regional learning hub.
Najib also upgraded teaching certificates to the status of diplomas, so that teachers in that category would receive a higher monthly starting salary.
During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback when he barely won re-election to the Parliament by a margin of 241 votes, compared to a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election.
During his second tenure as Minister of Defence Najib coordinated Malaysia's relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, and provided support to Indonesia in arresting those responsible for the 2004 Bali bombings.
Najib also oversaw the deployment of Malaysian troops as a part of a UN peacekeeping force in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon following the 2006 Lebanon War.
As Defence Minister, Najib instituted compulsory military service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage interaction and friendship between youth of different ethnic groups and religions.
Safety issues in the program have been reported and several people died during or shortly after their terms of service during the program's first few years.
The French courts are investigating allegations of corruption in the purchases of two Scorpène submarines, by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002, at a time when Najib was the minister of defence.
Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda, subsequently tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut and was subsequently murdered.
Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio of responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA, the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC).
In response, Najib announced a series of stimulus packages to be implemented over a two-year period with the intention of acting as a countercyclical response that might otherwise protect Malaysia's economy.
He also pressed for the country to move beyond existing manufacturing capabilities through education, research and development to develop greater strength as a provider of sophisticated business services.
After a poor showing by the ruling UMNO coalition in the elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of thirteen Malaysian state governments, Badawi identified Najib as his intended successor.
On 8 October 2008, Prime Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving the way for Najib to succeed him.
He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009 In 2012, Najib also assumed the role of women, family and community development minister, a position he held until the 2013 election.
Among the released detainees were two ethnic Indian activists who were arrested in December 2007 for leading an anti-government campaign, three foreigners and eight suspected Islamic militants.
1Malaysia is an ongoing campaign announced by Prime Minister Najib Razak on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to emphasise ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance.
The eight values of 1Malaysia as articulated by Najib Razak are perseverance, a culture of excellence, acceptance, loyalty, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy.
On 17 September 2008, Najib launched <nowiki>1Malaysia.com.my</nowiki> in an effort to communicate with the citizens of Malaysia more efficiently and support the broader 1Malaysia campaign.
However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme.
In 2014, the long-serving former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing, among other things, the abandonment by Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition.
Najib's tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib's UMNO party, particularly towards Chinese Malaysians.
Najib is the chairman of 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a state-owned investment firm that was established on Najib's initiative in 2009 as part of the government's Economic Transformation Programme.
However, 1MDB has reportedly incurred debts of MYR 42 billion (about US$11.1 billion) after only six years of operations, prompting a negative outlook on the country's economic growth.
Najib has denied any wrongdoing and has announced plans to sue the newspaper for libel but eventually failed to do so.
On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, the ringgit fell to 3.8050 against the US dollar, the first time it slid beyond the 3.80 currency peg, which was lifted in 2005.
The task force also confirmed that the six accounts it had just frozen did not belong to Najib but did not name the holders of those accounts Najib's handling of the corruption scandal was criticised by, among others, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin.
During Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, Najib dropped Muhyiddin from his position as Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership.
On 3 August 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB, but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015.
Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6 billion is from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting ISIS.
He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.
The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib's own party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use.
The plaintiff is also seeking a repayment amounting to US$650 million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in the AmPrivate Banking Account No 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.
On 21 September 2015, the New York Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of corruption involving Najib as well as people close to him.
In particular, investigators were focused on properties in the United States that were purchased in recent years by shell companies owned by Najib's stepson Riza Aziz or connected to a close family friend, as well as a $681 million payment made to what is believed to be Najib's personal bank account.
On 26 January 2016, Malaysia's Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that the investigation into the $681 million payment into Najib's personal bank account had been closed.
The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating the gift, led by Apandi, concluded that no laws had been broken and that the gift did not amount to graft.
Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney general, Abdul Gani Patail, was abruptly dismissed by Najib.
Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, reported that Abdul Gani was removed for health reasons many speculated that his dismissal was related to the 1MDB corruption investigation.
The Attorney General then said that the [Saudi Royal Family] was the source of the $681 million gift, although doubts remain as the Saudi ministries of foreign affairs and finance had no information on said gift.
The previously unidentified investor Najib was reported to have returned $620 million to the Saudi royal family in 2013, but no explanation was given as to the reason for the investment or what happened to the $61 million Najib did not return.
On 30 March 2016, the Wall Street Journal, Time and several other news agencies reported that Prime Minister Najib Razak and his wife, Rosmah Mansor had spent $15 million on luxury goods and extravagant travel expenses.
During Najib Razak's golf diplomacy with U.S. President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation documents show that Rosmah Mansor had purchased items amounting to $130,625 at a Chanel store in Honolulu, Hawaii.
The allegation was confirmed when a store employee at the Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalls Mr. Najib's wife shopping there just before 25 December 2014.
In July 2016, the United States Department of Justice launched a civil lawsuit to seize American assets worth over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) allegedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds.
The writ provided detailed justifications for seeing to forfeit specific items and property located in the United States and abroad, including in the United Kingdom and Switzerland.
As a consequence of the 15 June 2017 writ, on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the luxury yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Bali, on behalf of the FBI.
Additionally, on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts, the producers of the 'Wolf of Wall Street' agreed to pay $60m to settle Justice Department claims it financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB.
While under investigation, Najib claimed that the Barisan Nasional government actually left behind a country which had a strong and solid economy to Pakatan Harapan.
The strong economy, said the former prime minister, was achieved through transformative policies and comprehensive economic management, recognised by the World Bank and World Economic Forum (WEF).
On 10 Sep 2018, Najib posted a copy of the letter that purportedly came from Prince Saud Abdulaziz Al-Saud of Saudi Arabia on his Facebook account, as a proof of the alleged financial donation of US$100mil (RM304.5mil) given to him in 2011.
He said he decided to reveal the documents in a bid to clear his name of various accusations and slander, and will continue to do so on his social media accounts.
The following day, Najib was indicted in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur on three counts of criminal breach of trust and one count of abuse of power in connection with SRC International funds totalling RM42 million.
On 8 August 2018, Najib was charged with three further counts of money laundering as part of the MACC's investigation into the 1MDB scandal.
On 19 September 2018, Najib was arrested following two hours of questioning by the MACC, believed to be in relation to the RM2.6 billion donation he received in year 2013.
On 21 September, he made a brief appearance at the Sessions Court registry to sign his bail at RM3.5 million for 25 counts of money laundering and abuse of power charges in relation to 1MDB.
He has posted RM1 million for his bail, while the remaining RM2.5 million will be settled in instalments by the following week.
In August 2019, during his second trial, Najib faces four charges of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering for receiving illegal transfers of 2.3 billion ringgit between 2011 and 2014.
The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given to households with an income of less than RM 3,000 a month.
The second BR1M Project, also known as BR1M 2.0, with more than 2.5 billion ringgit will be distributed to Malaysians nationwide.
BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw an increase in handouts from RM 650 to RM 950 for individuals earning less than RM 2,000.00, while households earning less than RM 4,000 will receive RM 750.
Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad was established under the PR1MA Act 2012 to plan, develop, construct and maintain affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres.
PR1MA will be the first organisation that exclusively targets this middle segment with homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in a sustainable community.
The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers, such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area.
The government has defended the bill, with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better co-ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution.
On 2 May 2009, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak announced the government's plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia's transition to a high-income country.
The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas.
On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia's general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per the 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model.
The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens.
Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners, encourage over-consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling.
Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain the lowest in Southeast Asia.
Since these reforms have been implemented, the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia.
The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services.
The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009.
Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country's business environment such as the New Economic Model, the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme.
Prime Minister Najib says the country is on track to meet the 6% average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020.
Commenting on this same economic data Najib said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus.
The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank.
Najib says Palestinians can count on Malaysia, but for there to be lasting peace, Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people.
Malaysia will give Palestine the moral, financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles, but securing a future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united.
Najib Razak also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the first step – to unite among themselves.
Prime Minister Najib Razak's visit in September 2017 to the United States on the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Comprehensive Partnership that was established between Malaysia and the United States in 2014.
Najib enjoyed a close personal relationship with then US President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations to a ‘comprehensive partnership’ in contrast to the strained relationship between both countries under the rule of former Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, who was critical of the United States.
During their talk, Obama sought further assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama described as the greatest threat to world security.
Najib and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and finance.
In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals, specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia.
in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic problem between the two countries by ending the impasse over transportation links and Singaporean investment in Iskandar Malaysia.
Prime Minister Najib and Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore, have agreed to modify the Points of Agreement signed in 1990.
During the summit, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic and trade relations between ASEAN and South Korea After the summit, Najib said Malaysia is keen on emulating South Korea in developing a small-scale nuclear reactor for power generation, as well as South Korea's other low-carbon green technology.
During the visit, Najib mentioned his family's special relationship with China, noting that his father, and Malaysia's second Prime Minister, first established diplomatic relations with China in 1974.
During the visit, several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between Najib and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.
The two sides signed an endorsed strategic action plan covering 13 major areas, which will serve as the guideline for relations between Malaysia and China.
Several issues were discussed, including co-operation in the tourism, oil and gas, and high-technology industries, as well as electricity supply from the Bakun dam to Kalimantan.
Najib and his entourage also attended an official dinner hosted by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife Ani Yudhoyono.
Under Najib's government, Malaysia signed a free-trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 August 2010.
The two countries have also agreed to reciprocate most-favoured nation status in private education, engineering services, environmental protection, mining services and information technology.
On 15 October 2012, the Moro rebel and the Philippines authority has devised a peace agreement to maintain the safety and security of the nation.
During the official ceremony of signing the agreement, the Malaysian government was invited as a witness to the long due treaty.
Malaysia plays an important part, not just as a mediator but also as a confidante for both the Philippines government and also the rebel.
Observers credited the unpopular Goods and Services Tax as well as the swirling 1MDB corruption scandal as key factors in the defeat.
On 12 May 2018, three days after he lost the general elections, a flight manifest stated that Najib and his wife, Rosmah were taking a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta.
In response, the Immigration Department, upon the orders of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed a travel ban barring their exit from the country.
Amidst the country's mood turning against him, Najib resigned as the leader of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day.
Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part of the investigation into the 1MDB scandal.
They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags, 72 large luggage bags containing cash in multiple currencies, and other valuables.
Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial centre of Kalimantan and the main gateway to the new capital of Indonesia.
The city has both the busiest airport and seaport in Kalimantan, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport and Port of Semayang.
The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city.
During Second World War, Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of Indonesia, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945.
Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state-owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities.
An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace.
Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area.
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports.
Several campaigns, including the longest bombing run so far, followed until the 1945 Battle of Balikpapan, which concluded the Borneo campaign by which Allied Forces took control of Borneo island.
On 28 April 1958 a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B-26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped four bombs on Balikpapan.
The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding.
The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government.
His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore-based wives and families to Singapore.
However, on 18 May Indonesian naval and air forces off Ambon Island shot down an AUREV B-26 and captured its CIA pilot, Allen Pope.
Lacking technology, skilled manpower, and capital to explore the petroleum region, Pertamina sublet petroleum concession contracts to multinational companies in the 1970s.
Balikpapan is bordered by Kutai Kartanegara Regency to the North, by the Makassar Strait to the South and East, and by North Penajam Paser Regency to the West.
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources.
The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource-rich cities.
At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years.
The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants.
The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%.
In Wain River Protection Forest, which is the main water catchment area and habitat for endangered species of Borneo, the community begins to encroach on how to burn it so that during the dry season some areas become barren and damage 40%.
The area of Wain River forest reaches 10 thousand hectares, slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving 9 thousand hectares with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents.
Previously between 2000 and 2001, illegal logging occurred in 10 to 15 points in the Wain River forest, and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made 15 hectares of forest area engulfed in fire.
The threat of coal mining from the surrounding area which provides mining permits such as Paser and Kutai Kartanegara also disrupts the border ecosystem of Wain River forest.
The urban forest in Telagasari, which was inaugurated in 1996 with an area of 29.4 hectares, has now shrunk to just 8 hectares.
The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water.
In addition, the construction of the Samarinda-Balikpapan toll road planned by the East Kalimantan government which divides the forest for 8 kilometers across the reservoir could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan.
Clean water supply is also decreasing because water absorption is narrowing, erotion is easily to occur and sediment from mining sites that flow into the river worsens and lowers reservoirs, coupled with Balikpapan conditions has few rivers and less fertile land.
In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet.
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009.
As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015.
Companies including Baker Hughes (US), ChevronTexaco (US), Halliburton (US), Pertamina (Indonesia), Schlumberger (France), Thiess (Australia), Total S.A. (France) and Weatherford International (US) use Balikpapan as their base of operations in the region.
Governmental public services including Bank Indonesia, the Finance Department, Angkasa Pura 1, the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area.
Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim.
Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high-vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories.
Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro-skimming and hydro-cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel.
Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery.
The municipality of Balikpapan's topography is generally hilly (85%), with only small areas of flat land (15%), mostly along the coast and surrounding the hilly areas.
Most of the soil in Balikpapan contains yellow-reddish podsolic soil and alluvial and quartz sand, making it extremely prone to erosion.
The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about 26 to 27 degrees Celsius throughout the year.
The airport has capacity to serve 10 million passengers per year, as well as hospitality (immigration, passenger convenience, company reps offices, restaurants, shopping, lodging, and many others).
From Balikpapan to Samarinda, the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy.
There is also a well-known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan.
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area 10,000 hectares and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer and some endemic Kalimantan birds.
At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
There are six major shopping malls in town which are Plaza Balikpapan, Balikpapan Superblock, Pentacity Mall Balikpapan, Balcony City, Mall Fantasy in Balikpapan Baru, and Plaza Kebun Sayur.
He was elected Labour Member of Parliament for Chester-le-Street from a 1973 by-election to 1983 and then North Durham until his retirement in 2001.
As chairman of the Treasury Select Committee, Radice helped make the monetary policy committee of the Bank of England accountable to both Parliament and the people for its decisions over interest rates.
A europhile, Radice was one of only five Labour MPs to vote for the Third Reading of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, defying his party Whip, which was to abstain.
As an advocate of the need for Labour to ditch traditional dogmas, Radice was something of a precursor to Tony Blair.
Using focus group evidence, Radice found that voters in the south believed that Labour was out of touch, extremist and against aspiration.
The party would not win, he argued, unless and until it managed to connect its ambitions for social justice with the individualistic aspirations of the voters in southern England.
Lord Radice has been a member of the advisory board of the Centre for British Studies of Berlin's Humboldt University since 1998.
He is a former Chair of the British Association for Central and Eastern Europe (BACEE), and was Chair of the European Movement, 1995-2001.
ISO 3166-2:TN is the entry for Tunisia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
The Île d'Orléans Bridge, known locally as the Pont de l'Île, is a suspension bridge that spans the Saint Lawrence River between the Beauport borough of Quebec City and Île d'Orléans (Orléans Island) in the Canadian province of Quebec.
An electoral promise made by Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau to Montmorency County for a job-creation project during the Great Depression led to the construction of this bridge in 1934.
The bridge, which uses under-deck trusses on the approaches to the main suspension-type span, is the farthest downstream of the Saint Lawrence River's fixed crossings, but it does not cross the entire river.
These modules were somewhat popular in the Apple and PC platforms during early to mid-1990s, but with newer computers cache is built into either the CPU or the motherboard.
A low-cost system could run with no cache, while a more expensive system could come equipped with 512 KB or more cache.
The standard was originally defined by Motorola to be between 4.33 and 4.36 inches (110 and 111 mm) wide, and between 1.12 and 1.16 inches (28 and 29 mm) high.
It could be found in many Apple Macintosh in the early-to-mid-90s, but disappeared as the Mac moved to the PowerPC platform.
Intel also used the COASt standard for their Pentium systems, where it could be found as late as 1998 in Pentium MMX systems utilizing Intel chipsets such as 430VX and 430TX.
Later, Intel combined this architecture with the CPU and created the Slot 1 CPU cartridge which contained both the CPU and separate cache chips.
The modules contained 256K or 512K of fast pipeline burst SRAM, plus 8 or 11 bits of even faster static RAM per line to store the cache tags.
Some variants (illustrated to the right) placed the tag RAM on the motherboard and only the main cache RAM was on the module.
A 512K module contains twice as many cache lines, and so requires one fewer tag bit to support the same cacheable memory size.
The leftover tag bit is instead used to store the cache line dirty bit, and all 16 Kbits in the cache controller are used for valid bits.
Llinos Golding, Baroness Golding (born 21 March 1933) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom who currently sits in the House of Lords.
The daughter of Ness Edwards MP, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle-under-Lyme from 1986 to 2001, having replaced her husband John Golding.
After stepping down at the 2001 general election she was created a Life peer as Baroness Golding, of Newcastle-under-Lyme in the County of Staffordshire in the same year.
Baroness Golding was the peer who vouched for the two 'Fathers for Justice' protesters who threw a flour bomb at Prime Minister Tony Blair during Prime Minister's Questions on 19 May 2004.
By vouching for them, Golding made it possible for the pair to access an area of the Commons viewing gallery not behind a glass security screen.
By contrast, the constitutive theory defines a state as a person of international law only if it is recognised as such by other states that are already a member of the international community.
Entities that are recognised by only a minority of the world's states usually reference the declarative doctrine to legitimise their claims.
The international community can judge this military presence too intrusive, reducing the entity to a puppet state where effective sovereignty is retained by the foreign power.
Historical cases in this sense can be seen in Japanese-led Manchukuo or the German-created Slovak Republic and Independent State of Croatia before and during World War II.
Historically this has happened in the case of the Holy See (1870–1929), Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (during Soviet annexation), and more recently the State of Palestine at the time of its declaration of independence in 1988.
There are United Nations (UN) member states, while both the Holy See and Palestine have observer state status in the United Nations.
However, some countries fulfill the declarative criteria, are recognised by the large majority of other states and are members of the United Nations, but are still included in the list here because one or more other states do not recognise their statehood, due to territorial claims or other conflicts.
Taiwan is one such state, as it maintains unofficial relations with many other states through its Economic and Cultural Offices, which allow regular consular services.
A total of 56 states, including Germany, Italy, the United States, and the United Kingdom, maintain some form of unofficial mission in Taiwan.
Kosovo, Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), Northern Cyprus, Abkhazia, Transnistria, the Sahrawi Republic, Somaliland, and Palestine also host informal diplomatic missions, and/or maintain special delegations or other informal missions abroad.
, also read Yamamoto Jōchō (June 11, 1659 – November 30, 1719), was a samurai of the Saga Domain in Hizen Province under his lord Nabeshima Mitsushige.
Tsunetomo believed that becoming one with death in one's thoughts, even in life, was the highest attainment of purity and focus.
He felt that a resolution to die gives rise to a higher state of life, infused with beauty and grace beyond the reach of those concerned with self-preservation.
Its salts are often insoluble in the organic solvent, so precipitation of the pyridinium leaving group complex is an indication of the progress of the reaction.
In his early ages, he started pursuing what was to become a long and successful acting career in minor roles in various theatres.
He was recognized as a real talent, and started receiving offers for movies with larger budgets and a more famous cast.
İnek Şaban was constantly bullied and humiliated by his friends, but this never kept him from thinking the unthinkable, like digging a tunnel to escape school grounds (which later, turned out to lead to the vice-principal’s office) or smoking in the school attic.
The huge popularity of his movies stemmed not only from their unique humour but also their depiction of the many problems faced by the poor rural people in Turkey during the 1970s and 1980s.
As the plot unfolded, Sunal’s character fell into despair, trying to survive the dilemma between his duties as an officer of the law and his duties as a friend.
Another significant fact about this film is that it also included Ali Sunal, Kemal Sunal’s son, cast as a junior customs officer.
People who knew him have commented on how serious he was in his real life, in contrast to the funny characters he played in his movies.
Whilst he was at the top of his career, he decided to finish university, which he had dropped out of in his early career.
His attempts to earn a degree finally paid off in 1995, when he earned his bachelor’s degree in Radio Television and Cinema Studies from Marmara University.
He then decided to pursue a master’s degree (the topic of this thesis being himself), which he earned in 1998, also from Marmara University.
At his graduation ceremony, he made a speech joking that his path of first working and then attending university later in life was better as it allowed him to gain real life experience first.
Kemal Sunal died on July 3, 2000, as a result of a sudden heart attack aboard a flight to Trabzon just before take-off.
He undertook a three-week expedition in search of it in the waters off the Bermudan coast in August 1999, in collaboration with Cliff Stanford of Demon Internet.
He has been public in his defence of contestants Charles Ingram, Diana Ingram, and Tecwen Whittock, who were found guilty of cheating to win the £1 million top prize by means of cough signals.
Plaskett told journalist Jon Ronson that the alleged cough signals were simply nervous, responsive coughing caused by unconscious triggers, and that they had also occurred during the legitimate win by Judith Keppel.
A wheeled stretcher (known as a gurney, trolley, bed or cart) is often equipped with variable height frames, wheels, tracks, or skids.
In medical forensics the right arm of a corpse is left hanging off the stretcher to let paramedics know it is not a wounded patient.
The first usage of the term for a wheeled stretcher is unclear, but it is believed to have been derived from Pacific Coast slang.
EMS stretchers used in ambulances have wheels that makes transportation over pavement easier, and have a lock inside the ambulance and straps to secure the patient during transport.
An integral lug on the stretcher locks into a sprung latch within the ambulance in order to prevent movement during transport.
This eases the workload on EMS personnel, who are statistically at high risk of back injury from repetitive raising and lowering of patients.
Stretchers are usually covered with a disposable sheet or wrapping, and are cleaned after each use to prevent the spread of infection.
The head of the stretcher can be raised so that the patient is in a sitting position (especially important for those in respiratory distress) or lowered flat in order to perform CPR, or for patients with suspected spinal injury who must be transported on a spinal board.
Some manufacturers have begun to offer hybrid devices that combine the functionality of a stretcher, a recliner chair, and a treatment or procedural table into one device.
Normally, an integral lug on the stretcher locks into a sprung latch within the ambulance in order to prevent movement during transport, often referred to as antlers due to their shape.
It is usually covered with a disposable sheet and cleaned after each patient in order to prevent the spread of infection.
Its key value is to facilitate moving the patient and sheet onto a fixed bed or table on arrival at the emergency department.
Xidi () is a village in Xidi Town (), Yi County, Huangshan City of the historical Huizhou region of Anhui province, China.
The Hu family of Xidi are descended from Hu Shiliang, from Wuyuan, who was a descendant of Hu Changyi, a son of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang who was adopted by the Wuyuan Hu family.
By 1465 CE, during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), family members had started in business as merchants, leading to construction of major private buildings and a public infrastructure.
By the middle of the 17th century, the influence wielded by members of the Hu family expanded from commerce into politics.
The street pattern of Xidi is dominated by a main road which runs in an east-west direction and is flanked by two parallel streets.
The falls are located on the boundary between the borough of Beauport, and Boischatel, about from the heart of old Quebec City.
The falls are at the mouth of the Montmorency River where it drops over the cliff shore into the Saint Lawrence River, opposite the western end of the Île d'Orleans.
Because 1,000 = 2 × 5, the number of sides is neither a product of distinct Fermat primes nor a power of two.
Indeed, it is not even constructible with the use of neusis or an angle trisector, as the number of sides is neither a product of distinct Pierpont primes, nor a product of powers of two and three.
René Descartes uses the chiliagon as an example in his Sixth Meditation to demonstrate the difference between pure intellection and imagination.
However, he does clearly understand what a chiliagon is, just as he understands what a triangle is, and he is able to distinguish it from a myriagon.
Therefore, the intellect is not dependent on imagination, Descartes claims, as it is able to entertain clear and distinct ideas when imagination is unable to.
Gottfried Leibniz comments on a use of the chiliagon by John Locke, noting that one can have an idea of the polygon without having an image of it, and thus distinguishing ideas from images.
Dih has 15 dihedral subgroups: Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, and Dih.
He gives d (diagonal) with mirror lines through vertices, p with mirror lines through edges (perpendicular), i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for rotational symmetry.
The town is noted in Irish history for its resistance to the Cromwellian army which sacked the towns of Drogheda and Wexford.
The 2016 Census used a new boundary created by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) to define the town of Clonmel and Environs resulting in a population figure of 17,140.
This new boundary omitted part of the Clonmel Borough Boundary which the CSO had defined as Legal Town for the 2011 census 11.55 km/sq.
All of the 2011 census CSO environ in Co Waterford have been omitted as well as parts of CSO Environ of Clonmel in Co Tipperary.
The CSO as part of the 11 May 2017 release of data compared their new 2016 CSO boundary with its population of 17,140 with the 2011 CSO Clonmel Environ boundary which is a larger area and had a resulting greater population of 17,908.
Clonmel Borough (CSO Legal Town 2011, 11.55 km/sq) had a population of 15,793 in 2011, another 2115 people were in the rural environs of Clonmel comprising Marlfield, Ardgeeha Upper (Cashel Rd), Boherduff (Fethard Rd) in County Tipperary and in County Waterford the area between the Dungarvan Rd and Mountain Rd.
It is not clearly known when it got this name; many suppose that it came from the fertility of the soil and the richness of the country in which it is situated.
The church was fortified early in its history, the town being strategically important, initially for the Earls of Ormonde, and later the Earl of Kildare.
One of the former entry points into the town is now the site of the 'West Gate', a 19th-century reconstruction of an older structure.
There were originally three gates in the walled town, North, East and West – with the South being protected by the river Suir and the Comeragh Mountains.
The sword, of Toledo manufacture, was donated by Sir Thomas Stanley in 1656 and displays the Arms and motto of the town.
The walls were eventually breached, but Hugh Dubh O'Neill, the commander of the town's garrison, inflicted heavy losses on the New Model Army when they tried to storm the breach.
That night, O'Neill, deciding that further resistance was hopeless due to a lack of ammunition, led his soldiers and camp followers out of the town under cover of darkness.
The story is told that Cromwell became suspicious of O'Neill's desperate situation when a silver bullet was discharged by the townspeople at his troops outside the walls.
The following morning, 18 May 1650, mayor John White was able to surrender the town on good terms as Cromwell was still unaware of the garrison's escape just hours before.
Following the failed attempt at rebellion near Ballingarry in 1848, the captured leaders of the Young Irelanders were brought to Clonmel for trial.
The event was followed with great interest internationally and for its duration brought journalists from around the country and Britain to Clonmel Courthouse.
Their co-defendant, William Smith O'Brien was also sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, the last occasions such a sentence was handed down in Ireland.
We earnestly recommend the prisoner to the merciful consideration of the Government, being unanimously of opinion that for many reasons his life should be spared.
The sentences of O'Brien and other members of the Irish Confederation were eventually commuted to transportation for life to Van Diemen's Land.
A conspiracy to rescue the prisoners on 8 November led by John O'Leary and Philip Gray was betrayed, and resulted in the arrest at 'The Wilderness' of seventeen armed rebels led by Gray.
Clonmel was the location of the foundation of the Labour Party in 1912 by James Connolly, James Larkin and William O'Brien as the political wing of the Irish Trades Union Congress.
The five TDs who won seats in the Dáil at the 2016 General Election were Mattie McGrath (Independent), Michael Lowry (Independent), Alan Kelly (Labour Party), Jackie Cahill (Fianna Fáil) and Séamus Healy (Workers and Unemployed Action).
In 1896 a smaller section south of the river was transferred from County Waterford to the county of Tipperary (South Riding) and given to the borough.
The flood of 2015 had a flow of 390m/s, 2004 had a flow of 354m/s with the flood of 2000 having a flow of 353m/s.
Property omitted from Phase 1 along the convent road were protected in 2014 and the access to the river for the workmans boat club was also raised.
Flooding occurred at the Gashouse Bridge, Coleville Road, Davis Road, the Quays and the Old Bridge area before the flood defences.
Bulmers cider, also known as Magners outside Ireland, is brewed in a complex east of the town, and a small orchard serving the brewery can be seen from the road when approaching Clonmel from that direction.
In 2010, Tippfm had a reach of 44%, a drop of 8% from the previous year, having around 83,000 listeners listening each week.
It was formed to represent the views of the nationalist community in Tipperary, which led to the first editor being jailed under the Coercion Act on charges that he had intimidated a cattle dealer for taking a farm from which tenants had been evicted.
It is very popular, fondly referred to as the 'small paper' by its readers, and covers news, entertainment, local notes and lifestyle.
It was a weekly (tabloid) freesheet with a focus on news, local notes and sports and was published on Tuesday evenings.
The Tipperary Free Press set up in 1826 by the future First Catholic Lord Mayor of Clonmel John Hackett, was an influential and popular voice in supporting liberal causes.
Its primary intention was being 'The voice of the common people' and played a highly prominent role in the quest for Catholic Emancipation to which both Daniel O'Connell and John Hackett became personal colleagues.
During recent restoration, some of its sandstone columns were found to have been 'reclaimed' from the now demolished abbey of Inislounaght at Marlfield.
It has been used in the past as a Tholsel or office to collect tolls, duties and customs dues, a place for civic gatherings and as a court.
It now houses an exhibition showing the historic development of Clonmel, including a model of the town as it appeared in the 13th century.
As well as presenting a range of visual arts exhibitions in the main gallery space, the centre also host events such as music, performance, poetry readings and dance.
The centre has a spacious upstairs studio which is used for short term exhibitions & screenings, as well as for a variety of classes and workshops.
The White Memorial Theatre building is a former Weslyan/Methodist Chapel and was designed and built by local architect William Tinsley in 1843.
The building was purchased in 1975 by St. Mary's Choral Society, who put on an average of 2 shows a year in the building.
Several other cinemas formerly operated in the town including the Ritz, which opened in 1940 and was located on the site of the present Credit Union.
The first cinema in the town opened in January 1913 as the Clonmel Cinema Theatre, soon to be renamed the Clonmel Electric Picture Palace.
It was soon followed by John Magner's Theatre at the Mall, which burned to the ground in 1919, to be re-built in 1921 with an increased capacity of over a thousand seats.
It provides free music events during the day in Clonmel town centre, while at night a number a concerts take place in various venues throughout the town.
Originally a brass band, Banna Chluain Meala later developed as a brass and reed band, which included concert, marching and fieldshow performances.
The band has travelled widely abroad to the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Chicago in the United States of America and represented Ireland at an International Festival in Cheb in the Czech Republic in 2004 to celebrate the new entrants to the European Union.
As a marching band they have had unparalleled success nationally, being crowned IMBA Irish champions in the highest division on twelve occasions (1991, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015).
They have also had success abroad, most notably as Open Class champions at the British Youth Band Championships at Wembley in 1994.
Clonmel has hosted the Irish traditional music festival, the Fleadh Cheoil, on five occasions from 1992–94 inclusive, and again in 2003 and 2004.
In 1990 the club opened their new club House coinciding with the first ever Soviet Union rugby team visit to Ireland.
In their centenary year, 1992, they hosted London Irish RFC against Shannon RFC in a memorable game played at the club grounds.
Clonmel won the Munster Junior Cup for the first time in its 122-year history in 2014 and followed that up with a Munster Junior League (Division 1) title and the Munster Junior Challenge Cup in the 2015 season.
Clonmel's cricket Club was originally started by a group of friends who originally played the game socially, however the club has been playing competitive cricket for the last 20 years.
Clonmel is noted in greyhound circles for being the home of the annual National Hare Coursing meeting in early February at Clonmel Racecourse located in the Powerstown area of the town.
At this time each year, Clonmel's population is swollen by a large influx of sports people from Ireland, the UK, and from as far afield as Australia, New Zealand, the United States and the Middle East.
In winter, training takes place on a 4-mile stretch of the river to the west of the town, from the clubhouse to Knocklofty bridge.
Women's rowing in Clonmel has developed culminating in Junior Women's 'double scull' and Junior women's 'eight' championship wins in 2003 and 2005.
The project, outsourced to 'Conservation | Letterfrack', took several years of meticulous cleaning, treatment and repair and the 38 ft./11.6m timber boat is now on permanent display in the County Museum, Clonmel.
Clonmel Óg the most recently established GAA club in the town was set up in 1984 and it competes in the senior division only 31 years after being formed.
They reached the semi-finals of the 2015-16 All Ireland Football Club championships, losing out to Ballyboden St. Endas, who would go on to win the championship.
The LIT Clonmel campus is located along the Clonmel Inner Relief Road, but it is proposed that it will move to a new location within the town centre in the future.
Clonmel Youth Training Entreprises Limited was established in 1984 by voluntary and business people, who saw the need to tackle the growing issue of unemployment and the related consequences of early school leavers in Clonmel.
Today the primary objective of helping young people to become mature, confident and competent young adults, ready for the world of work, still holds true.
The N24 westbound connects Clonmel to junction 10 of the Cork to Dublin M8 motorway, while eastbound it links the town with Kilkenny via the N76.
Today there are two trains daily to Waterford via Carrick on Suir, and two to Limerick Junction via Cahir and Tipperary which has main-line connections to Dublin.
The River Suir had been made navigable to Clonmel from 1760 when completion of the River Suir Navigation in the 19th century allowed large vessels to reach the town's quays.
A regular myriagon is represented by Schläfli symbol {10,000} and can be constructed as a truncated 5000-gon, t{5000}, or a twice-truncated 2500-gon, tt{2500}, or a thrice-truncated 1250-gon, ttt{1250), or a four-fold-truncated 625-gon, tttt{625}.
Because 10,000 = 2 × 5, the number of sides is neither a product of distinct Fermat primes nor a power of two.
Indeed, it is not even constructible with the use of neusis or an angle trisector, as the number of sides is neither a product of distinct Pierpont primes, nor a product of powers of two and three.
Dih has 24 dihedral subgroups: (Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih), (Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih), (Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih), (Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih), and (Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih, Dih).
He gives d (diagonal) with mirror lines through vertices, p with mirror lines through edges (perpendicular), i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for rotational symmetry.
Richard Bellingham (c. 1592 – 7 December 1672) was a colonial magistrate, lawyer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the last surviving signatory of the colonial charter at his death.
A wealthy lawyer in Lincolnshire prior to his departure for the New World in 1634, he was a liberal political opponent of the moderate John Winthrop, arguing for expansive views on suffrage and lawmaking, but also religiously somewhat conservative, opposing (at times quite harshly) the efforts of Quakers and Baptists to settle in the colony.
He was one of the architects of the Massachusetts Body of Liberties, a document embodying many sentiments also found in the United States Bill of Rights.
Although he was generally in the minority during his early years in the colony, he served ten years as colonial governor, most of them during the delicate years of the English Restoration, when King Charles II scrutinized the behavior of the colonial governments.
Bellingham notably refused a direct order from the king to appear in England, an action that may have contributed to the eventual revocation of the colonial charter in 1684.
The estate became embroiled in legal action lasting more than 100 years after his will was challenged by his son and eventually set aside.
He was first married to Elizabeth Backhouse of Swallowfield, Berkshire, with whom he had a number of children, although only their son Samuel survived to adulthood.
In 1628 he became an investor in the Massachusetts Bay Company, and was one of the signers of the land grant issued to it by the Plymouth Council for New England.
The next year he sailed for the New World with his wife and son; Elizabeth died not long after their arrival in Boston, Massachusetts.
Bellingham immediately assumed a prominent role in the colony, serving on the committee that oversaw the affairs of Boston (a precursor to the board of selectmen).
Not long after his arrival, he purchased the ferry service between Boston and Winnessimmett (present-day Chelsea) from Samuel Maverick, along with tracts of land that encompass much of Chelsea.
For many years he was elected to the colony's council of assistants, which advised the governor on legislative matters and served as a judicial body, and he also served several terms as colonial treasurer.
He was first elected deputy governor of the colony in 1635, at a time when the dominant John Winthrop was out of favor, and was elected to the post again in 1640.
In 1637, during the Antinomian Controversy, he was one of the magistrates that sat during the trial of Anne Hutchinson, and voted for her to be banished from the colony.
According to Winthrop, Bellingham, now 50 and a widower, won her heart, and, without waiting for the formalities of the banns of marriage, officiated at his own wedding.
When the issue came before the colonial magistrates, Bellingham (as the governor and chief magistrate) refused to step down from the bench to face the charges, thus bringing the matter to a somewhat awkward end.
In a case involving an escaped pig, the assistants ruled in favor of a merchant who had allegedly taken a widow's errant animal.
Bellingham was one of only two assistants (the other was Richard Saltonstall) who opposed the final decision that the assistants' veto should stand.
He was thereafter annually re-elected to the post until his death, ultimately serving a total of ten years as governor and thirteen as deputy governor.
Because Quakerism was anathema to the Puritans, the Quakers were confined to the ship, their belongings were searched, and books promoting their religion were destroyed.
During Endecott's administration the penalties for Quakers defying banishment from the colony were made progressively harsher, until they included the imposition of the death penalty for repeat offenders.
After Massachusetts authorities agreed that the death penalty did not work (it had long term negative consequences, feeding perceptions of Massachusetts intransigence), the law was modified to reduce the penalties to branding and whipping.
With the restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, all of the colonies, and Massachusetts in particular, came under his scrutiny.
He also requested specific changes to be made to Massachusetts laws to increase suffrage and tolerance for other Protestant religious practices, actions that were resisted or ignored during the Endecott administration.
Charles finally sent royal commissioners to New England in 1664 to enforce his demands, but Massachusetts, of all the New England colonies, was the most recalcitrant, refusing all of the substantive demands or enacting changes that only superficially addressed the issues.
The reaction by Charles to this was to issue an order in 1666 demanding that Bellingham, since he was then governor, and William Hathorne, the speaker of the general court, travel to England to answer for the colony's behavior.
The issue of how to answer this demand divided the colony, with petitions from a cross-section of the colony's population calling for the magistrates to obey the king's demand.
The debate also introduced a long-term rift in the council of assistants between hardliners wanting to resist the king's demands at all costs and moderates who thought the king's demands should be accommodated.
The letter questioned whether the request actually originated with the king, protested that the colony was loyal to him, and claimed the magistrates had already explained fully why they were unable to comply with the king's demands.
The magistrates further pacified the angered sovereign by sending over a ship full of masts as a gift (New England was a valuable source of timber for the Royal Navy).
Distracted by the war with the Dutch and domestic politics, Charles did not pursue the issue further until after Bellingham's death, though for numerous reasons the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter was finally voided in 1684.
He was survived by his son Samuel from his first marriage and his second wife Penelope, who outlived him by 30 years.
His landholdings at Winnessimmett became tied up in legal action lasting more than 100 years, and involved court and procedural decisions on both sides of the Atlantic to resolve.
The litigation continued, carried on by his heirs and succeeding owners and occupants of the properties, and was finally concluded in 1785.
The town of Bellingham, Massachusetts is named in his honor, and a number of features in Chelsea, including a square, a street, and a hill, bear the name Bellingham.
There are apparently no contemporary references to Mrs. Hibbins as Bellingham's sister—Hawthorne's formation of this connection appears to be based on a footnote in James Savage's 1825 edition of John Winthrop's journals, and a genealogical tree of the Bellinghams published early in the 20th century does not mention her.
However, Ann Hibbins' second husband, William Hibbins, was first married to Richard Bellingham's sister Hester but she died a year later and was buried in England.
James A. Johnson (born December 24, 1943) is a United States Democratic Party political figure, and the former CEO of Fannie Mae.
He was the campaign manager for Walter Mondale's failed 1984 presidential bid and chaired the vice presidential selection committee for the presidential campaign of John Kerry.
He is the son of A. I. Johnson, who was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1941 to 1958, and who served as speaker of the house in 1955 and 1957.
in political science from the University of Minnesota in 1966, and a Master of Public Affairs degree from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1968.
In 1990, Johnson became vice chairman of Fannie Mae, or the Federal National Mortgage Association, a quasi-public organization that guarantees mortgages for millions of American homeowners.
An Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) report from September 2004 found that, during Johnson's tenure as CEO, Fannie Mae had improperly deferred $200 million in expenses.
Also according to Morgenson, he changed Fannie's executive compensation plan to be based on volume not quality and earned over $200 Million dollars while working at Fannie Mae.
There was speculation that, had Kerry won, Johnson might have been named Kerry's chief of staff, or Secretary of the Treasury.
However, Johnson soon became a source of controversy when it was reported that he had received $7 million in cut-rate mortgage loans directly from Angelo Mozilo, the CEO of Countrywide Financial, a company implicated in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.
Johnson has been a board member of Goldman Sachs, Gannett Company, Inc., KB Home, Target Corporation, Temple-Inland, and a former director of UnitedHealth Group.
He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Friends of Bilderberg, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Trilateral Commission.
He is a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group and participated in all of their conferences since 1998 except in 1999 and 2004.
In 1994, Johnson received the Honor Award from the National Building Museum for his contributions to the U.S.'s building heritage during his tenure at Fannie Mae.
In 1997, Johnson received an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Colby College, in 1999 he received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Howard University, and in 2002, he received another Doctor of Laws from Skidmore College.
The SIN was created in 1964 to serve as a client account number in the administration of the Canada Pension Plan and Canada's varied employment insurance programs.
The 2012 Canadian federal budget contained provisions to phase out the Social Insurance Number cards because they lacked modern security features and could be used for identity theft.
Through functionality creep, the SIN has become a national identification number, in much the same way that the Social Security Number has in the United States.
Unless an organization can demonstrate that the reason it is requesting an individual's SIN is specifically permitted by law, or that no alternative identifiers would suffice to complete the transaction, it cannot deny or refuse a product or service on the grounds of a refusal to provide a SIN.
Examples of organizations that legitimately require a SIN include employers, financial institutions that provide interest on deposits, and federal government agencies.
Giving a SIN when applying for consumer credit, such as buying a car or electronics, or allowing it to be used as a general purpose identification number, such as by a cable company, is strongly discouraged.
The Canadian military used the SIN as a form of unique identifier from the 1960s until the 1980s, when service numbers were reintroduced.
However, the government has found it necessary in the past to supply certain regions with SIN numbers assigned to other regions.
Oppressed with melancholy, he moved to a garret, where he surrounded himself with dogs, cats and birds, which he had befriended; he became utterly careless of cleanliness or food, and sought comfort only in smoking.
In 1731, despite his long seclusion, he was elected to the Académie française; in 1735 he was appointed royal censor; and in 1745 Madame de Pompadour presented him with a pension of 1000 francs and a post in the royal library.
Boogie Box High was a musical project headed by Andros Georgiou in the late 1980s that featured a range of collaborators, including Georgiou's second cousin George Michael, guitarist Nick Heyward (of Haircut One Hundred), keyboardist Mick Talbot (of The Style Council), guitarist–songwriter David Austin, bassist Deon Estus, and others.
Georgiou's version of the Bee Gees' song was originally recorded as a demo, with a studio band made up of Nick Heyward from Haircut One Hundred (guitar), Mick Talbot from Style Council (keyboards), and members of George Michael's studio band.
The band consisted of Reese Roper (lead singer of Five Iron Frenzy) on lead vocals, Jonathan Byrnside on lead guitar, Jonathan Till on bass, Matt Emmett on rhythm guitar, and Nick White on drums.
In addition to vocalist Reese Roper, the band was formed by fellow Five Iron member Sonnie Johnston (guitar), Ethan Luck (guitar), John Warne (bass, background vocals), and Josh Abbott (drums).
It has been confirmed by both Ethan Luck and Reese Roper that there never was a fourth, unreleased song recorded for the EP.
Because of the incomplete state of the band at the time of the album's release, the only official member appearing on the CD is Reese Roper.
As a result, the album features many additional musicians such as Frank Lenz (drums), Elijah Thomson (bass), Phil Bennett (organ), Bob Schiveley (guitar), Masaki Liu (guitar), Jason White (additional drums), Ethan Luck (guitar), and many additional vocalists.
One of the online forums spawned by this group is the Roper Board in which many fans of both Roper and Reese's previous band Five Iron Frenzy congregate.
The Roper project sold close to 30,000 albums in total, about the same as Brave Saint Saturn and other Five Iron related side projects.
In March 2010 rumors have surfaced on the Brave Saint Saturn message boards saying that Roper is back together, however none of the band members confirmed it yet.
The town is situated on the Gatineau River, at the crossroads of Route 105 and Route 107, not far south of Route 117 (Trans-Canada Highway).
The history of Maniwaki is closely linked to that of the adjacent Kitigan Zibi Reserve, because the Town of Maniwaki was developed on land that was originally part of this reserve.
Its municipal lands were included in historical land claims by Kitigan Zibi; some of which were settled as recently as 2007.
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Algonquins of the mission at Lake of Two Mountains, under the leadership of Chief Pakinawatik, came to the area of the Désert River.
Shortly after, in 1832, the Hudson's Bay Company followed them and installed a trading post at the confluence of the Désert and Gatineau rivers.
A decade later, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate established the mission of Notre-Dame-du-Desert and, from 1849, they demanded of the authorities the demarcation of a township in order to establish a reserve for the Algonquins.
The Canadian Pacific Maniwaki subdivision linked Maniwaki with Wakefield at the beginning of the 20th century, but the line was abandoned in 1986.
Irish, French and Algonquins, the three traditional cultures of the Gatineau Valley, contributed to the development of the town and lived side by side in harmony.
At the end of World War I, the region, like everywhere in Quebec, indeed like in most of the world, was hit by an epidemic of the Spanish influenza.
Scared, people refused to go outdoors, and for the first time in its history, a Sunday passed without any mass being celebrated at the Assumption church.
On September 6, 2008 the town of Maniwaki was brought into the international spotlight with the disappearance of Maisy Odjick and Shannon Alexander from the Kitigan Zibi Nation.
Since their disappearance, the Quebec police, RCMP and the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg police have carried out several investigations, but it was not possible to move the case forward.
Incubation is the process by which certain oviparous (egg-laying) animals hatch their eggs; it also refers to the development of the embryo within the egg.
In many species of reptile for example, no fixed temperature is necessary, but the actual temperature determines the sex ratio of the offspring.
In birds in contrast, the sex of offspring is genetically determined, but in many species a constant and particular temperature is necessary for successful incubation.
The action or behavioral tendency to sit on a clutch of eggs is also called broodiness, and most egg-laying breeds of poultry have had this behavior selectively bred out of them to increase production.
In warm-blooded species such as bird species generally, body heat from the brooding parent provides the constant temperature, though several groups, notably the megapodes, instead use heat generated from rotting vegetable material, effectively creating a giant compost heap while crab plovers make partial use of heat from the sun.
The Namaqua sandgrouse of the deserts of southern Africa, needing to keep its eggs cool during the heat of the day, stands over them drooping its wings to shade them.
The humidity is also critical, because if the air is too dry the egg will lose too much water to the atmosphere, which can make hatching difficult or impossible.
As incubation proceeds, an egg will normally become lighter, and the air space within the egg will normally become larger, owing to evaporation from the egg.
Possibly the most common pattern is that the female does all the incubation, as in the Atlantic canary and the Indian robin, or most of it, as is typical of falcons.
The incubation period, the time from the start of uninterrupted incubation to the emergence of the young, varies from 11 days (some small passerines and the black-billed and yellow-billed cuckoos) to 85 days (the wandering albatross and the brown kiwi).
In general smaller birds tend to hatch faster, but there are exceptions, and cavity nesting birds tend to have longer incubation periods.
It can be an energetically demanding process, with adult albatrosses losing as much as 83 g of body weight a day.
The chick hatched inside and emerged from its mother without the shell, leading to internal wounds that killed the mother hen.
The freshly laid eggs of domestic fowl, ostrich, and several other species can be stored for about two weeks when maintained under 5 C. Extended periods of suspension have been observed in some marine birds.
Some species begin incubation with the first egg, causing the young to hatch at different times; others begin after laying the second egg, so that the third chick will be smaller and more vulnerable to food shortages.
This is because in the process of the egg being incubated the chicken embryos are taking the protein from the shell making the chicks skeleton stronger.
Various species of sea turtles bury their eggs on beaches under a layer of sand that provides both protection from predators and a constant temperature for the nest.
Alligators and crocodiles either lay their eggs in mounds of decomposing vegetation or lay them in holes they dig in the ground.
Other neotropical frogs in the family Hemiphractidae also have pouches in which the eggs develop, in some species directly into juvenile frogs and in others into tadpoles that are later deposited in small water bodies to continue their development.
The male Darwin's frog carries the eggs around in his mouth until metamorphosis, and the female stomach-brooding frog of Australia swallows the eggs, which develop in her stomach.
Brooding occurs in some invertebrates when the fertilised eggs are retained inside or on the surface of the parent, usually the mother.
This happens in some cnidarians (sea anemones and corals), a few chitons, some gastropod molluscs, some cephalopods, some bivalve molluscs, many arthropods, some entoproctans, some brachiopods, some bryozoans, and some starfish.
Around 1744 he entered into a romantic liaison with Lady Henrietta Maria Stafford, daughter of a Jacobite chamberlain, and they were married in 1748.
Inheriting nothing from Henriette, he was forced to sell his large library in 1757 and eventually found steady income as a royal censor (like his father) in 1759.
Born Carlo Bianconi, Costa Masnaga, Italy on 24 September 1786, he moved from an area poised to fall to Napoleon and travelled to Ireland in 1802, via England, just four years after the 1798 rebellion.
At the time, British fear of continental invasion resulted in an acute sense of insecurity and additional restrictions on the admission of foreigners.
He worked as an engraver and printseller in Dublin, near Essex Street, under his sponsor, Andrea Faroni, when he was 16.
Although widely regarded as the founder of public transportation in Ireland, he build on the system of mail coaches and roads that were built around Ireland before 1790 by the Scottish entrepreneur, John Anderson of Fermoy.
After the collapse of Anderson's mail coach and banking empire in 1815, Bianconi established regular horse-drawn carriage services on various routes from about 1815 onwards.
These were known as 'Bianconi coaches' and the first service, Clonmel to Cahir, took five to eight hours by boat but only two hours by Bianconi’s carriage.
There were also a series of inns, the Bianconi Inns, some of which still exist; in Piltown, County Kilkenny and Killorglin, County Kerry.
These services continued into the 1850s and later, by which time there were a number of railway services in the country.
The Bianconi coaches continued to be well-patronised, by offering connections from various termini, one of the first and few examples of an integrated transport system in Ireland.
Having donated land to the parish of Boherlahan for the construction of a parish church, Bianconi wished to be buried on the Church grounds.
He, and his family, are buried in a side chapel, separate from the parish church in Boherlahan, approximately 5 miles from Cashel, Co. Tipperary.
They had three children - Charles Thomas Bianconi, Catherine Henrietta Bianconi and Mary Anne Bianconi who married Morgan O'Connell and was the mother of his grandson John O'Connell Bianconi.
Hongcun () is a village in Hongcun Town, Yi County, Huangshan City in the historical Huizhou region of southern Anhui Province, China, near the southwest slope of Mount Huangshan.
The village is arranged in the shape of an ox with the nearby hill (Leigang Hill) interpreted as the head, and two trees standing on it as the horns.
Four bridges across the Jiyin stream can be seen as the legs whilst the houses of the village form the body.
The architecture and carvings of the approximately 150 residences dating back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties are said to be among the best of their kind in China.
Neighborhoods in the vicinity include Cvetni Trg to the east, Krunski Venac to the northeast, Andrićev Venac to the north, London to the northwest and Savamala to the west.
It was built by two people of the same name and from the same part of Belgrade, Zemun: mayor of Belgrade Branko Pešić and architect Branko Pešić, who designed it.
Mayor Pešić laid the charter of the building's construction into the foundations on 29 March 1969 and the building was opened on 22 April 1974.
The construction was executed using the latest methods in constructing and during the next 5 years, some 20,000 workers of all kinds were employed in erecting the building.
The building is located in the heart of old city center, stretching from Terazije to Slavija Square, with an emphasized aspiration to dominate with its high 24-story part as the city's reference point.
They opted for the darker one, as it was of higher quality, but the choice wasn't universally greeted at the time.
Though operational for only three years, it was quite popular because it provided patrons with an excellent view of the city.
It was the only club in Belgrade at the time that was not located in an adapted utility room or a basement.
The first several stories were occupied by the Robne kuće Beograd department store; on the other floors offices of Studio B (formerly city-owned TV and radio station) and Happy TV station are located.
On the other floors, there are business premises, as well as the head offices of IKEA for Serbia and other Belgrade media are also located in the building.
As the building is under the preliminary protection (meaning that it has to be treated like it is protected unless the protection process is rejected), so the prospective buyer can't demolish it.
A film adaptation, which is a reboot of the Jack Ryan film series and starring Ben Affleck as the younger iteration of the CIA analyst, was released on May 31, 2002.
During the Yom Kippur War, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) prepares to conduct a tactical nuclear strike to stave off defeat.
The necessity for the strike is averted, but an Israeli copy of a Mark 12 nuclear bomb is accidentally left on an A-4 Skyhawk attack aircraft, which is subsequently shot down over Syria.
Eighteen years later, an Israeli police captain (coincidentally the brother of the downed pilot) shoots and kills a Palestinian activist during a peaceful public demonstration.
The United States finds itself unable to diplomatically defend Israel, yet knows it cannot withdraw its support without risk of destabilizing the Middle East.
Following the advice of Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI) Jack Ryan, the U.S. enacts a plan to accelerate the peace process by converting Jerusalem into a Vatican-like independent state to be administered by a tribunal of Jewish, Muslim, and Christian religious leaders, and secured by an independent contingent of the Swiss Guards.
As a nod to Israel, the U.S. Army supplies the IDF with more sophisticated equipment and agrees to construct a training base in the Negev Desert run by the U.S. Army's tank warfare specialists.
However, National Security Advisor Elizabeth Elliot holds a grudge against Ryan and attempts to discredit him, exploiting her romance with the widowed President Robert Fowler to do so.
Unsatisfied, Elliot then engineers a smear campaign accusing Ryan of engaging in an extramarital affair, fathering a child with a young widow.
Ryan later decides to retire from the CIA, but not before he puts together a covert operation to uncover corrupt dealings between Japanese and Mexican government officials.
Meanwhile, a small group of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) terrorists, enraged at the looming failure of their crusade against Israel, come across the lost Israeli bomb and use it to construct their own weapon, using the bomb's plutonium as fissile material.
The terrorists enlist the help of disaffected East German physicist Manfred Fromm, who agrees to the plot to exact revenge for his former communist country's reunification as a capitalist democratic state.
The terrorists agree to detonate the weapon during the Super Bowl in Denver, Colorado, which is planned to coincide with a false flag attack on U.S. forces in Berlin by East Germans disguised as Soviet soldiers, aiming to begin a nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
The East Germans hope that the war will eliminate both superpowers and punish the Soviets for betraying World Socialism, while the Palestinians hope the attack will destroy the Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement and end U.S. aid to Israel.
However, Fromm had not yet told them that some of the material he planned to use needed to be purified first.
However, almost everyone at the Super Bowl is killed, including the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the commander of NORAD.
With the corresponding attacks in Berlin, the United States briefly assumes DEFCON-1 status as Fowler and Elliott prepare for a nuclear war.
The crisis is averted by Ryan, who learns of the domestic origin for the bomb's plutonium, gains access to the hot line, and convinces the Soviet President to stand down his country's military.
The terrorists then reveal that Iran was not involved, and that their deceit was meant to discredit the United States and destroy the peace process, allowing the campaign against Israel to continue.
Elliot is hospitalized after suffering a nervous breakdown, while Fowler leaves office and is succeeded by his Vice President, Roger Durling (it is implied that Fowler was removed from office through the , but a later novel clarifies that Fowler resigned in disgrace, while Elliott was forcibly removed).
The terrorists are executed by beheading in Riyadh by the commander of the Saudi Arabian special forces using an ancient sword owned by the royal family of Saudi Arabia.
The title is a reference to nuclear war and to the plot by the novel's antagonists to reconstruct a lost nuclear weapon.
In later years, various peace plans and diplomatic initiatives sought to revive the idea, but in reality it has never come close to implementation.
The novel was notable for detailing the process in making a bomb; however, certain technical details were altered, and Clancy made clear in the novel's afterword that a lot of information in his book can be found in the public domain.
Whilst the Israelians used both the A-4 single-seat single-engine subsonic light attack jet and F-4 two-seat twin-engined all-weather supersonic fighter-bomber during the Yom Kippur War, use of the A-4's nuclear capability was never envisaged.
Nuclear warheads were assembled at the Tel Nof Airbase, but for deployment on F-4 rather than A-4 as told in the novel.
This was done on October 8 in such a way that the USA got to know of it by the next morning, prompting President Nixon to initiate the same day an immediate air-lifted re-supply to Israel of conventional arms, including tanks and planes to replace losses, in Operation Nickel Grass.
At least one real-world buried nuclear warhead has actually been documented however, but American and in the USA, rather than Israelian in Syria.
The plutonium pit of a Mark 39 nuclear bomb warhead remains buried 33m deep in a North Carolina field, now fenced-off, following the fatal 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash.
Many B-52 Stratofortresses crashed whilst carrying live nuclear warheads on training flights, mostly inside the USA, between 1961 and 1968, but many have been recovered.
Jack Ryan was played by Ben Affleck while John Clark was played by Liev Schreiber; additionally, CIA director Marcus Cabot, whose first name was changed into William, was played by Morgan Freeman.
The film is a reboot that departs from all previous Ryan films, and as a result, there were significant changes from the book, such as the antagonists being neo-Nazis instead of Palestinian terrorists, Ryan becoming a low-level CIA analyst, and the time period changed to 2002.
However, it received mixed reviews from critics; Rotten Tomatoes reported that 59% of critics gave the film positive reviews and that the average rating was 6/10 based on a total of 171 reviews counted.
Effleurage can be firm or light without dragging the skin, and is performed using either the padded parts of the finger tips or the palmar surface of the hands.
The process works as a mechanical pump on the body to encourage venous and lymphatic return by starting at the bottom of the limb and pushing back towards the heart.
Displays of affection in a public place, such as the street, are more likely to be objected to, than similar practices in a private place with only people from a similar cultural background present.
Also, religion is related to more conservative values that may have a global effect on all levels of PDA by younger participants.
Seemingly religiosity may work in two different ways where religious communities are in general quite racially segregated around the world, and people with strong religious beliefs may be very unlikely to engage in sexual activity or even to date someone due to the morals advised by their religion.
In many regions of the world, religion drives the cultural view on PDA and this sometimes culminates into proscription based on religious rules, for example sharia law, Catholic and Evangelical virginity pledge, Anabaptist plain people, Methodist outward holiness, Quaker testimony of simplicity, Latter-day Saint Law of chastity, Judaic Tzniut etc.
In most of the Western world, such as Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States, it is very common to see people holding hands, hugging and sometimes kissing in public.
However, China is a developing nation nonetheless, meaning traditional ideals still have a strong influence on social norms of relatively remote regions.
Succeeding the rise of social media in the 21st century, Chinese netizens coined the expression 秀恩爱 (pinyin: xiù ēn'ài) for public display of affection.
According to a 2004 research by Weiyi Zhang, a researcher from Fudan University, the dissemination of PDA culture in China is largely ascribed to an ultramodern desire to gain public recognition and reality confirmation.
For example, in 2007, when actor Richard Gere kissed Shilpa Shetty in an AIDS awareness event in New Delhi, a warrant for his arrest was issued by an Indian court.
These cases of harassment of dating couples are generally bitterly criticized by a growing number of young Indians, who feel the need for a change in the perception on dating and public displays of affection.
However the number of couples celebrating Valentine's Day has grown so much that these attacks have become ineffective in deterring couples.
In the state of Kerala, a public hugging and kissing campaign (named Kiss Of Love) was launched in November 2014 in protest against moral policing.
Travelers to Dubai have been sentenced to lengthy jail sentences for kissing in public, according to the U.S. Department of State.
Although several studies of basic social processes have been conducted by sociologists, much of the research and theorizing about adolescent relationships has been carried out by developmental psychologists.
Much more research has been done in the area of specific adolescent behaviors, which has shown that these behaviors are predicted well by relationship variables to include the display of affection.
This pattern of conduct is a part of a larger constellation of factors that contributes to an adolescent’s development of a non-parental relationship.
A number of sociologists have explored the more general terrain of gender relations, although several of the key studies focus on preadolescence and early adolescence.
Their work is important in highlighting the degree to which features of these early relations, and even intense personal feelings such as being in love, are socially constructed.
Adolescents' conceptions about and conduct within these relationships are heavily influenced by interaction and communication with other girls or other boys.
Specific rules emerge (e.g., one should always be in love, it is wrong to date more than one person) and gossip or other social sanctions serve as important sources of informal social control around these rules.
Research moves into the early adolescent period when youths are old enough to say they are going steady and is useful in actually characterizing the nature of these relationships.
This table below shows the quality and context of displays of affection in adolescence who are in intra and inter racial relationships.
Boys and girls begin the process of relating to one another, the transition is much easier for adolescent males, who essentially transport their dominant interaction styles (derived from peer interactions) into this new relationship form with the opposite sex.
Thus, an alternative hypothesis is that boys, who have less practice than their female counterparts with PDA (by virtue of their peer group experiences), must make a larger developmental leap as they move into the heterosexual arena.
In contrast, young girls use of language in messages to close friends and boyfriends is more similar in form and content.
To the degree that the romantic context provides their only opportunity to express themselves and, more broadly, to relate in this intimate fashion, young males can be considered more dependent on these relations than female adolescents, who have close friends for intimate talk and social support.
Of course, this quality of uniqueness may figure into the etiology of more negative and sometimes gendered relational dynamics that also emerge in connection with romantic involvements stalking, intrusive control efforts, violence and the like.
For example, personal involvement and extended contact (media representations) with interracial and Black-White relationships has been linked to more positive perspectives regarding interracial relationships.
This finding supports the contact hypothesis, which states that interpersonal interactions between group members of each race will decrease prejudice and foster amicable connections between races.
Beyond the conditions of equal group status, common goals, group cooperation, and social approval, some studies have found other stipulations important for fostering positive relations.
For instance, it’s important for the interracial contact to be intimate instead of superficial, for it to happen in many different settings, and for it to happen repeatedly with more than one individual from the other race.
Not everyone, especially those with learned biases and/or racist attitudes, is likely to be exposed to another race under these exact conditions; this lack of exposure to racial diversity will further perpetuate the internal cycle of unsubstantiated prejudice.
In fact, the larger presence of African-Americans, Latinos and Asians in neighborhoods and religious congregations significantly predicts higher support from Caucasians for interracial marriages with these other races.
Furthermore, it has been found that higher numbers of individuals from each of these racial groups in these social settings predict more interracial friendships.
Therefore, it appears that reducing the socially imposed distance between one’s in-group and out-group can result in developing more favorable attitudes towards romantic relationships between races.
The problem still exists though that many people who have negative attitudes towards other races will avoid social settings where they may be exposed to other races due to ingrained stereotypes, opting instead to surround themselves with members of their in-group.
In general, one study using survey data found that approximately half of African-American respondents versus about a quarter of Caucasian respondents approve of a close relative marrying an individual of the other race.
Accordingly, it appears that the problem is pervasive to the point that there are a large proportion of individuals on both sides of the equation who do not approve of interracial relationships.
Due to perceptions of others’ attitudes towards interracial relationships, many interracial couples may engage in certain behavioral strategies to reduce stigma and ostracism.
Research shows that adolescent interracial couples tend to participate in fewer public and private activities than couples composed of individuals from the same race.
Significant differences have been found between these two groups on holding hands in public, whereby interracial couples are less likely to do so, yet these differences do not maintain significance in the context of private displays of intimate affection.
Therefore, it appears that the fear of being negatively judged in public inhibits interracial couples from displaying physical affection in comparison to couples of the same race.
Interracial couples have also been found to engage in other strategies to deter potential judgment, including ignoring public harassment to avoid confrontation, staying at home or filtering their social group to increase acceptance, attending social gatherings attended only by other interracial couples, and publicly surrounding themselves with members of their social support network.
Consequently, many interracial couples still fear perceptions of public displays of affection, even though increased exposure and contact with other races under harmonious conditions is associated with more favorable attitudes towards interracial relationships.
This is made evident in less engagement in these behaviors publicly as well as forms of premeditated coping strategies in response to public harassment.
Moreover, the majority of the extant literature has examined interracial couples composed of African American and Caucasian individuals, neglecting potential differences with different groups of minority interracial groups, e.g., Asian/Latino, African-American/Asian.
Therefore, future research should examine the different dynamics of interracial relationships, including individual differences, social status, social setting, socio-economic status, and other psychosocial factors that may contribute to the engagement or avoidance of public displays of affection.
Public displays of affection between individuals of the same sex may or may not suggest homosexuality depending on the cultural context.
For example, in many African cultures it is socially acceptable for people of the same sex to participate in public displays of affection, whereas in other countries such as the United States and Portugal, it is considered indicative of homosexuality.
Homosexual individuals are less likely to partake in public displays of affection because their society is extremely critical of the act.
They believe that by behaving according to what society deems appropriate, (e.g., only opposite-sex couples should partake in acts of public displays of affection), they are protecting themselves from being categorized as abnormal, odd, or deviant.
Although same-sex marriage has been legal in Portugal since June 2010 (see Same-sex marriage in Portugal), LGBT people still refrain from public displays of affection for the most part.
This detail may suggest that Portugal’s acceptance of same-sex marriage is due to the fact that the LGBT individuals do not broadcast their sexuality, not that the public of Portugal is more accepting of these acts.
Although it may appear that homosexual individuals are ambivalent about being limited in only displaying affection privately, it seems to happen out of fear of resentment or being perceived as odd rather than out of respect for their societies’ political beliefs and attitudes.
One study found that heterosexual people had higher negative attitudes towards homosexuals of their own sex, especially if they felt that they were being targets of sexual advances.
They also found that men have less negative attitudes towards homosexual females than males whereas women tend to be more accepting overall of homosexuals and their role in society.
In the contemporary Western society, attitudes towards same-sex public displays of affection vary city to city much like they vary country to country.
Studies have shown that in populations where the majority of individuals have high cultural values and are more accommodating, same-sex or same gender public displays of affection are more likely to occur.
This is understandable because same sex individuals feel less persecuted by others in society and are less likely to feel as though they are being categorized as odd, abnormal, or deviant like those in Portugal.
In a Colorado high school, two yearbook staff resigned after they were informed that they could not print the relationship page because it had a photo of two females holding hands.
In the modern world, social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are growing, with 1.7 billion users on Facebook and over half a billion Twitter users.
Studies on relationships through Facebook found that, when two individuals who are interested in one another both use Facebook regularly, their relationship progresses in different increments than how it would without social media.
After two people meet and form an interest, one or both individuals will go onto the other person’s Facebook page and get information such as relationship status, pictures, and interests.
Frequent and recent communication with a romantic partner through different forms of social media is an indicator of relational escalation, whereas limited communication has shown to be an indicator of alienation or relational de-escalation.
Another study has shown that when someone focuses on relationship status and public displays of affection such as posting about activities with the significant other or his or her feelings towards them, that person tends to be more possessive or territorial over their partner.
A study found female characters on prime time televisions programs are significantly less likely to demonstrate physical affection if they had a larger body type than thinner female characters.
Thus, even television producers act in a way as to intentionally limit public displays of affection based on the appearance of their actors, and that might affect viewership based on social disapproval.
Regardless of television portrayals, the frequency and intensity of PDA has a tendency to depend upon the cultural context as well as perceived public perceptions of the couple, including their age group, racial composition, sexuality, and relationship centralized activity on social media.
Physical affection has been categorized into seven different types including holding hands, cuddling/holding, backrubs/massages, caressing/stroking, kissing the face and cheek, close hug, and kissing on the lips.
Five of these behaviors, with the exception of caressing/stroking and holding hands, have been significantly positively associated with relationship and partner satisfaction.
The Oise ( , ) is a river of Belgium and France, flowing for from its source in the Belgian province of Hainaut, south of Chimay.
Over the past few centuries, the Oise has played an important role as an inland shipping waterway connecting the Seine (and thus Paris) with the coastal regions of northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
With the projected construction of the Seine-Nord Europe Canal, a high-capacity water transport system currently in development, the Oise will be linked at Janville, north of Compiègne, with the high-capacity Canal Dunkerque-Escaut, east of Arleux.
The Seine-Nord Europe Canal will replace the old Canal de Saint-Quentin and the current Canal du Nord, the capacity of which is far below standard.
When the new Seine-Nord connection is complete, it will allow large vessels to transport goods from the Seine, and thus Paris and its surrounding area, to the ports of Dunkirk, Antwerp and Rotterdam.
Caramelization or caramelisation is the browning of sugar, a process used extensively in cooking for the resulting sweet nutty flavor and brown colour.
Caramelization reactions are also sensitive to the chemical environment, and the reaction rate, or temperature at which reactions occur most readily, can be altered by controlling the level of acidity (pH).
The rate of caramelization is generally lowest at near-neutral acidity (pH around 7), and accelerated under both acidic (especially pH below 3) and basic (especially pH above 9) conditions.
Ticket gates are located in the north of the platform, in the center on the second floor and in the south on the second floor.
The Midōsuji Line station originally opened as an island platform serving two tracks, but overcrowding prompted construction of a side platform serving northbound trains (that platform opened in 1987).
The Osaka Subway Midosuji Line station opened on 30 October 1935, the Yotsubashi Line station opened on 1 October 1965, and the Sennichimae Line opened on 11 March 1970.
She was brought up at the Hôtel de Condé with her many sisters and had to endure slave-like conditions under the madness of her father.
Her mother, who was pious and gentle, was often beaten by her father as were their staff and her sister Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Montmorency.
To appear tolerably well, it is necessary for her to keep her mouth shut; for when she opens it, she opens it very wide, and shows her irregular teeth.
At first, it was proposed that she marry Louis de Bourbon, Count of Vermandois, son of Louis XIV and Louise de La Vallière.
The wedding ceremony took place on 19 May 1692 in the chapel of the Palace of Versailles, Madame de Montespan was not invited but all of Maine's siblings attended as well as the princes and princesses of the blood.
The château, the former residence of Jean-Baptiste Colbert and his family, was bought in 1700 by her husband for the sum of 900,000 livres.
Each member had a robe embroidered with silver thread, a wig in the shape of a beehive and a medal embossed with a profile of Louise Bénédicte and engraved with the letters L. BAR.
Upon the death of a childless Vendôme, Louise Bénédicte hoped that she or her children would inherit the duke's huge estate, which he had acquired as the grandson of the rich heiress, Françoise of Lorraine.
At thirty-two, Marie Anne was considered past child-bearing age, and Vendôme was a well known homosexual, thirty years older than his prospective bride.
On the duke's death, Marie Anne was created Duchess of Étampes in her own right and inherited the Hôtel de Vendôme in Paris, where she died in 1718 from alcoholism.
In his will, Louis XIV also appointed Maine to be the Regent of France for his five-year-old great-grandson, the future Louis XV.
At the death of the king in 1715, however, the Parlement de Paris annulled Louis XIV's will and named Maine's brother-in-law, Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, as Régent for the child king.
The plot was named after Antonio del Giudice, Duke of Giovinazzo, Prince of Cellamare, who was the Spanish ambassador to France.
In order to gain more support for a new regent, Louise Bénédicte started a correspondence with Giulio Alberoni, the Spanish Prime Minister.
Their two sons were put in the care of their governor in Gien, and their daughter was taken from a convent at Maubuisson to another convent at Chaillot in Paris, in the area of the present Trocadéro.
After her release, Louise Bénédicte led a more peaceful life at Sceaux, still surrounded though by her little court of wits and poets.
At the time of her imprisonment, she was trying to arrange the marriage of her eldest son, Louis Auguste de Bourbon, heir to the Maine's fortune, to his cousin Charlotte Aglaé, Mademoiselle de Valois.
The rivalry between the Maines and Charlotte Aglaé's father, the Duke of Orléans, was well known, and it was hoped that the wedding would heal old wounds.
After their release from imprisonment in 1720, the Maines seemed to have reconciled and led a more compatible life rather than being hostile to each other.
The writing is most similar to that used in Campania in the mid 5th century BC, though surely the text being transcribed is much older.
Attempts at deciphering the text (Mauro Cristofani, 1995) are most generally based on the supposition that it prescribes certain rites on certain days of the year at certain places for certain deities.
The core members of the group are guitarist, composer and bandleader Pat Metheny; and keyboardist and composer Lyle Mays, who was in the group at its inception.
Other long-standing members include bassist and producer Steve Rodby, who joined in 1981, and member Antonio Sanchez, who has been the group's drummer since 2002.
In addition to a core quartet, the group has often been joined by a variety of other instrumentalists expanding the size to six or eight musicians.
Pastorius, with whom Metheny struck up a friendship while the two attended the University of Miami and later toured in Joni Mitchell's backing band during her transition from her earlier folk rock compositions to those with more jazz influence, had at the same time explored melodic lines for his instrument within the melodies normally heard, rather than just providing a simple bassline, .
The two friends would talk into the late evening during the early 1970s and discuss the new possibilities their instruments held.
The next three Pat Metheny Group releases would be based around a further intensification of the Brazilian rhythms first heard in the early '80s.
Metheny then again concentrated on other solo and band projects, and four years went by before the release of the next record for the next Pat Metheny Group.
By this stage, the group had integrated new instrumentation and technologies into its sound, including Mays' addition of midi-controlled synthesized sounds to acoustic piano solos, accomplished via a pedal control.
Moving away from the Latin style which had dominated the releases of the previous decade, these albums included hip-hop drum loops, free-form improvisation on acoustic instruments, and symphonic signatures, blues and sonata schemes.
Joining the core players (Metheny, Mays and Rodby), were drummer Antonio Sanchez from Mexico City, trumpeter Cuong Vu from Vietnam and bassist, vocalist, guitarist, and percussionist Richard Bona from Cameroon.
Metheny has said that one of the inspirations for the labyrinthine piece was a reaction against a perceived trend for music requiring a short attention span and which lacks nuance and detail.
The final performance of the piece was at a free show for more than a hundred thousand people at the close of the 2005 Montreal Jazz Festival.
The Pat Metheny Group played at the Blue Note Tokyo in January 2009 in its core quartet of Lyle Mays, Steve Rodby and Antonio Sanchez.
On June 12, 2017 Vrissa was severely damaged in an earthquake that struck approximately 12 km South of the town of Plomari.
A mashup (also mesh, mash up, mash-up, blend, bootleg) is a creative work, usually in a form of a song, created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, usually by overlaying the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another.
Launched in San Francisco in 2003, Bootie was the first club night in the United States dedicated solely to the burgeoning art form of the bootleg mashup, and now hosts monthly parties in several cities around the globe, including Los Angeles, Paris, Boston, Munich, and New York City.
The compilations have been released in December every year since 2005, and are annual Internet sensations, with each album garnering over 5000GB+ of downloads.
Charpentier was born in Dieuze, Moselle, the son of a baker, and with the assistance of a rich benefactor he studied violin at the conservatoire in Lille before entering the Paris Conservatoire in 1881.
There he took lessons in composition under Jules Massenet (from 1885) and had a reputation of wanting to shock his professors.
It also launched the career of the Scottish soprano Mary Garden, who took over the title role during an early performance.
In late 1935 the composer supervised the abridged score used in a studio recording of around 70 minutes of the opera, conducted by Eugène Bigot.
Charpentier's brother Victor (also born Dieuze, on 23 July 1867) was a cellist in the orchestra of the Paris Opera and later a conductor of popular symphony concerts in Paris.
However, their construction is what sets the two apart, as kodachi are a set length while wakizashi are forged to complement the wielder's height or the length of their katana.
As a result, the kodachi was too short to be called a sword properly but was also too long to be considered a dagger, thus it is widely considered a primary short sword, unlike the tantō or the Wakizashi which would act as a secondary weapon that was used alongside a longer blade.
The exact use of the kodachi is unknown; it may have been a companion sword to normal sized tachi or it may have been a sword for an adolescent.
Get a Grip is the eleventh studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on April 20, 1993 by Geffen Records.
Two songs from the album won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, in 1993 and 1994.
The album originally had 12 songs and was scheduled to be released in the third quarter of 1992, but Geffen A&R executive John Kalodner listened to what had been recorded and thought it lacked variety and a radio-friendly song.
An animal rights group objected to the cover of a cow's pierced udder, but it was confirmed by the band to have been computer-generated.
STS-60 was the first mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, which carried Sergei K. Krikalev, the first Russian cosmonaut to fly aboard a Space Shuttle.
SPACEHAB module experiments that were activated included the Organic Separations payload, which is designed to investigate cell separation techniques for possible pharmaceutical and biotechnology processing, and the Equipment for Controlled Liquid Phase Sintering Experiment package, a furnace designed to explore the possibilities of creating stronger, lighter and more durable metals for use in bearings, cutting tools and electronics.
SPACEHAB middeck experiments that were activated included Immune-1, which will look at the immune systems of rats in orbit, and the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth package, which is attempting to grow large, well- ordered protein crystals so that their structures can be more easily studied.
This delay was the result of several factors, including radio interference and an inability to read the Wake Shield's status lights when the orbiter's payload bay is in full sunlight.
Deployment originally was scheduled for 10 am CST, but after grappling the free-flyer and lifting it out of the cargo bay and into the pre-deploy position, crew members and investigators on the ground were unable to tell whether power and transmitter status lights were giving the proper indications.
After determining that the problem was not a systems failure, but difficulty in reading the status lights, the crew and flight controllers prepared for another release attempt.
Interference between the radio transmitter on the Wake Shield Facility and the receiver on its payload bay carrier resulted in a one-day delay.
Wake Shield deployment was also cancelled on Sunday, 6 February 1994 during its orbit 53 opportunity at 12:25 pm WSF and flight controllers worked on problems with the Pitch and Roll sensors on WSF's Attitude, Direction and Control system.
Astronaut N. Jan Davis moved the wrist joint on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm to try to point WSF's Horizon Sensor into the Sun in an attempt to warm up the sensor's electronics package.
The last deployment opportunity for Sunday was a 50-minute window beginning at 2:23 EST on orbit 54 but WSF was not ready.
On its perch at the end of the RMS over night, WSF was able to grow 2 Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) thin films.
The next deployment opportunity on 7 February 1994 would have been during orbit 67 but payload controllers and flight controllers determined that there would be insufficient time to safely develop contingency procedures in the event that WSF was unable to maintain stable attitude control without the use of its Horizon Sensor.
It was decided that for the remainder of the mission, all WSF operations would take place at the end of the RMS and there would be no WSF free-flying operations on the mission.
These included the Three-Dimensional Microgravity Accelerometer (3-DMA) experiment, Astroculture Experiment (ASC-3), Bioserve Pilot Lab (BPL), Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Experiment (CGBA), Commercial Protein Crystal Growth Experiment (CPCG), Controlled Liquid Phase Sintering (ECLiPSE-Hab), Immune Response Studies Experiment (IMMUNE-01), Organic Separation Experiment (ORSEP), Space Experiment Facility (SEF), Penn State Biomodule (PSB) and the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) Experiment.
Afterwards, work progressed with SPACEHAB module and middeck experiments while Wake Shield continued operations at the end of the Remote Manipulator System.
A slight problem developed with the status indicators on the 3-DMA experiment and the crew downlinked video to aid in troubleshooting.
The WSF experiment was brought to an end and a telemetry problem with the facility prevented the growth of the 6th and final thin film on board WSF.
N. Jan Davis was directed to halt her power down and stowage of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm and use the arm to perform a camera survey of the front left side of the orbiter.
At 2:20 pm EST, the BREMSAT momentum wheel was spun up and BREMSAT was ejected into space at 2:23 pm EST at the rate of 3.3 ft/s (1 m/s).
These included Hot-Fire tests of all 44 Reaction Control Systems jets, Flight control system checkout, SAREX stow, CPCG Stow, ASC-3 Deactivation, ORSEP Deactivation, stowage of all non-essential cabin items and Ku-Band antenna stow.
Flight Day 9 (11 February 1994) operations included the powerup of all critical orbiter entry systems (Group B powerup), SAMS deactivation, CAPL Deactivation and De-Orbit preps.
The primary payloads were the USMP-02 microgravity experiments package and the OAST-2 engineering and technology payload, both in the orbiter's cargo bay.
The landing was chronicled by the 1994 Discovery Channel special about the Space Shuttle program and served as the show's opening.
On Flight Day Two (Saturday, March 5), the astronauts took turns on the crew cabin exercise facility in an effort to slow down the effects of muscle atrophy.
Mission specialists Pierre J. Thuot and Marsha S. Ivins started the Protein Crystal Growth Experiment (PCGE) and the Physiological Systems Experiment (PSE), while scientists on the ground in the Payload Operations Control Center controlled eleven other experiments mounted in the orbiter's payload bay.
The APUs provided hydraulic power to operate key landing systems and only one of the three was needed for a successful landing.
On Flight Day Three (Sunday, March 6), following a morning of medical studies, the crew spent the last half of the day exercising and continuing to study the behavior of a space station truss model in weightlessness.
The stationary bike had long been a staple of shuttle flights to allow exercise that countered the effect of weightlessness on the muscles.
Also, Gemar set up a model of a scaffold-like truss structure that could be applied to a future space station design in the lower deck.
The model, linked to sensitive recorders in a shuttle locker, was used to determine the characteristics of such structures in orbit.
Other activities for the crew included photography of the glow created as the orbiter's outer skin interacted with atomic oxygen in orbit, and continued monitoring of protein crystal growth experiments in the cabin.
Once the temperature was located, the team spent nearly 24 hours taking a good look at the phenomenon they waited years to see.
By understanding how matter behaves at the critical point, scientists hope to gain a better insight into a variety of physics problems ranging from phase changes in fluids to changes in the composition and magnetic properties of solids.
The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) continued to measure the microgravity environment on the USMP-2 carrier in support of the four other experiments on board.
The SAMS team began sending results of their data collection during various orbiter activities to the crew, as they were interested in how they could minimize their influence on the microgravity environment.
Measurements were made with the system at specific times when microgravity disturbances were caused by events such as crew exercise and movement of the orbiter's K-band antenna.
It was useful on missions such as USMP-2 where it was important to accurately characterize a wide variety of disturbances in the microgravity environment.
The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) continued to assemble data to test theories concerning the effect of gravity-driven fluid flows on dendritic solidification of molten materials.
Downlinked experiment data from the third day of the mission indicated that solidification of a crystal of mercury cadmium telluride took place, and the AADSF science team constantly monitored this slow but steady progress.
Testing the AADSF in microgravity was beneficial because on Earth, gravity causes fluids to rise or fall within the melted portion; a warm liquid is less dense than a cool one and will rise to the top of the melt.
This electronic signal measured changes in the microstructure of a solidifying metal, and was conducted on one of three experiment samples of bismuth-tin.
A reading of high pressure that was seen in a fuel line to one of the shuttle's three auxiliary power units earlier in the flight had dissipated, and controllers became confident the APU would operate well if needed.
During the time of the mission, Commander Casper was a colonel in the U.S. Air Force, Pilot Allen a major in the U.S. Marine Corps, mission specialist Gemar a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, and mission specialist Thuot was a commander in the U.S. Navy.
The crew performed checks of the Protein Crystal Growth Experiment and the rodents that were housed in the middeck as part of the Physiological Systems Experiment.
Gemar also continued his work with the Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment, designed to study the fundamental, non-linear, gravity-dependent behavior of hybrid scaled structures.
The other astronauts spent the first half of the day working with the Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment, or MODE, and a model of a truss structure which was under consideration for use on a future space station.
Around the clock, experiments with the U.S. Microgravity Payload-2, the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-2, the Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument and the Limited Candidate Duration Materials Exposure experiments continued to operate, many of them being controlled by scientists on the ground.
The SSBUV instrument operated since the first day of the flight, and plans were made by its ground controllers on Flight Day 4 to attempt to detect sulfur dioxide emissions from volcanoes in Central America.
The objective of the observations by SSBUV were to investigate whether such emissions low in the atmosphere were detectable from orbit.
During USMP-2 operations on Flight Day 4, the Critical Fluid Light Scattering Experiment, or ZENO, team reported overnight that they started seeing behavior in the fluid xenon unlike any they had seen on Earth.
Once the team was certain they had located the critical point, they planned to conduct a series of precise measurements in the area surrounding it using laser light scattering.
When a laser light is passed through the sample in these areas, fluctuations in the sample's density cause the light to be scattered.
On Monday, the team made much progress in overcoming some difficulty they had been experiencing with one of the experiment's electronic measurements and successfully completed a Seebeck run.
The Seebeck measurement is an electrical signal which measures temperature variations during crystal growth at the boundary where liquid becomes solid—the solidification front.
MEPHISTO was used to conduct a series of melting and solidification cycles on three identical rod-shaped samples of a bismuth-tin alloy.
During these runs, temperature, velocity and shape of the solidification front were measured in order to study the behavior of metals and semiconductors as they solidified.
Team members of the Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE), said they were pleased with the performance of their apparatus and the data they acquired during USMP-2.
Supercooling is the slow cooling of a liquid to below its normal freezing point, but due to its purity, does not solidify.
IDGE was a fundamental materials science experiment performed in the microgravity environment of space in order to increase understanding of the solidification processes.
The Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF) continued to operate smoothly, growing a single cylinder-shaped crystal of mercury cadmium telluride, an exotic material used as an infrared radiation detector.
The AADSF provided scientists with a unique apparatus in which to test theories of semiconductor crystal growth without the effects and limitations caused by Earth's gravity.
The information gained by growing crystals of a semiconductor material in microgravity can be used to study the physical and chemical processes of many materials and systems.
A greater understanding in these areas could aid researchers in the discovery of processes and materials that perform better and cost less to produce.
The middeck payloads took center stage as the STS-62 crew worked through the second half of its fifth day on orbit.
The lowered pressure drew body fluids down to the legs and lower torso, similar to the body's normal state on Earth.
Allen and Gemar also performed a 45-minute ramp test, but at the direction of ground controllers, terminated the test 40 seconds early.
Scientists working with the Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument continued probing the layers of Earth's atmosphere and recorded data on tropospheric emissions from Mexican and Central American volcanoes; sulfur dioxide from industrial by-products in the troposphere above China and Japan; and observations in the mesosphere above the Mexican volcano Colima.
Among the experiments of the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-2 package, materials being designed for future spacecraft in the SAMPIE experiment were exposed to the orbital environment for the first time.
Results included the operation of an advanced solar energy cell and plasma interactions with various materials while the orbiter's payload bay was pointed toward Earth.
Other OAST-2 accomplishments included ten freeze and thaw cycles of a new cooling technology for future spacecraft; spectrometer readings of airglow phenomena in the upper atmosphere with the EISG instrument; and studies of the orbiter's interaction with atomic oxygen using the SKIRT instrument.
Three members of the crew had a half-day off (Casper, Thuot, Ivins), and all of the crew would receive one more half-day off before the mission concluded on March 18.
The crew began eight hours of sleep at 2:53 pm CST and awakened at 10:53 pm CST to start a sixth day in space.
The astronauts collected blood and urine samples to help researchers determine the chemical regulatory changes the human body undergoes while in space.
Other crew members checked on the protein crystal growth experiments, performed some Auroral Photography experiments and checked the orbiter windows for any debris impacts.
On the previous day, scientists with the Critical Fluid Light Scattering Experiment, or ZENO, concluded that they had indeed pinpointed the location of the long-sought-after critical point of xenon.
For the next 24 hours, a series of subtle optical measurements were planned to be made in the area surrounding this phenomenon where the xenon behaved as both a liquid and a gas.
In the materials science field, the Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF) continued to grow a single crystal of mercury cadmium telluride in the microgravity environment of the orbiter's payload bay.
After several days of successfully growing crystalline dendrites in microgravity, team members for the Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) reported that they were very pleased with the performance of the IDGE as well as the number and quality of the dendrites grown so far during the mission.
The IDGE experimenters continued to monitor slow-scan video images of dendrites growing in their apparatus in order to maximize the efficiency of the instrument and the science results.
The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) continued to provide a running account of vibrations aboard the Shuttle to the other USMP-2 experiment teams.
On Flight Day 7 (Thursday, March 10), Casper informed Allen that he was selected for promotion from Major in the US Marine Corps to Lt.
On Flight Day 8 (Friday, March 11), marking the midpoint of the mission, Casper switched several of the environmental control systems to their backups for on-orbit check out.
The procedures required crew members to switch to the alternate humidity separator, cabin pressure and temperature control systems, orbiter heaters, and carbon dioxide removal system.
Another was exposed only when the payload bay was pointing in the ram position – or pointing into the direction of travel – and a third only when the orbiter was not in the ram position.
The students asked a variety of questions about the microgravity experiments being conducted during the mission on living and working in space.
Also, Gemar and Allen each completed 45-minute ramp tests in the lower body negative pressure unit, and performed more tests with the Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment.
Flight controllers in Houston put the finishing touches on a plan to uplink more digital video to the crew on Flight Day 9.
The STS-62 crew began its sleep shift on time at 1:53 pm CST, and was scheduled to be awoken at 9:53 pm CST to begin its ninth day of orbit operations.
On Flight Day 9 (Saturday, March 12) plan called for operations of the Auroral Photography Experiment, the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth experiment and the Limited Duration Space Environment Candidate Exposure (LDCE) experiment.
During the latter part of the day on Saturday, the crew unlatched the Remote Manipulator System and used it to help troubleshoot some off-nominal reception from the Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft Glow instrument in the payload bay.
On Flight Day 10 (Sunday, March 13), the crew enjoyed a relatively light day of work, taking the first half of the day off, and spending the second half working with middeck experiments.
During an in-flight news conference, the crew responded to questions ranging from budget cutbacks and safety, to experimentation and life on the then-future International Space Station.
Activities in the Mission Control Center focused on preparing, reviewing and uplinking messages outlining changes to the crew's scheduled activities for Flight Day 11.
The crew began its standard eight hour sleep shift a little before 2 pm and was scheduled to wake up at 9:53 pm CST.
The Flight Day 11 (Monday, March 14) plan called for two OMS burns, OMS-3 of 37.9 ft/s (11.6 m/s) at MET 9/17:44 to lower the spacecraft's orbit to , and an OMS-4 of 31.8 ft/s (9.7 m/s) at MET 9/18:34 to lower the orbit even further to a orbit.
Experiments and observations in the cargo bay focused on the interaction of the orbiter with atomic oxygen, nitrogen and other gases in orbit, an interaction that caused a well-known glowing effect around the surfaces of the spacecraft.
The lower orbit increased the effect, and instruments with the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-2 (OAST-2) package took center stage for the rest of the mission.
Shortly thereafter, observations by OAST-2 began with a three-minute release of nitrogen gas from a canister in the cargo bay and a study of its effect on the glow of a special plate, constructed of materials to be used on future satellites.
Part of the Dexterous End Effector (DEE) experiment, the system used a mirror near the end of the arm, flashing light-emitting diodes, a cargo bay camera and a portable computer to assist an astronaut in finely aligning the arm.
The Dexterous End Effector (DEE) experiment also looked at the forces generated by arm movements when its magnetic end effector was engaged.
The astronauts continued to work with these experiments for the remaining part of their day, and began an eight-hour sleep period at 1:53 pm CST and awakened at 9:53 pm.
The message came at the end of a busy 11th day of on-orbit operations that featured a shift in focus from United States Microgravity Payload-2 to work with the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-2 (OAST-2) package.
The Flight Day 12 (Tuesday, March 15) plan called for Gemar and Allen to spend another hour and 45 minutes in the LBNP, the operation of the Dexterous End Effector (DEE) experiment, and the Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft Glow (EISG) experiment.
The crew gave good reviews to the technology during the morning, testing it by using the 50 foot (15 m) long arm to insert pins into sockets that had progressively smaller clearances, ranging from of clearance for the loosest to for the tightest.
Later, a foot (300 mm) wide flat beam was inserted into a slot and then moved back and forth to correlate readings by the force sensor, technology that also was highly complimented by the crew.
While DEE operations progressed on the flight deck, Gemar and Allen each had one ramp session in the Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) device.
The crew cooperated with investigators of the Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft Glow instruments, positioning the robot arm's camera above its sample plate in between DEE runs.
A low-light camera in the payload bay that was supposed to have recorded the effects of gaseous nitrogen releases and their effect on shuttle glow failed earlier in the mission.
The Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instruments in the payload bay also continued to take readings that were used to help calibrate free-flying satellites that continually monitored the ozone content of Earth's atmosphere.
The Flight Day 13 (Wednesday, March 16) plan called for another orbit change, an OMS-5 burn of 56.6 ft/s (17.3 m/s) at MET 11/18:08 which was planned to lower the orbit to .
Also included was more work with the DEE experiment, a waste water dump and operation of both the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA) and the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) experiment.
Casper and Allen started out their 13th day in orbit with an eye toward the trip home, performing a standard check of the orbiter systems used for entry and landing.
For the first part of the morning's flight control systems checkout, the crew used APU 3, one of three units that supplied power for the spacecraft's hydraulic systems during launch and landing.
APU 3, which had been the subject of scrutiny early in the mission due to high pressure readings in a fuel line, operated normally during the checkout.
The lower orbit was required for continuing observations of the glowing effect created as the Shuttle interacted with atomic oxygen and other gases in low orbit.
During the first shuttle glow observations in the new orbit, Thuot reported the glowing effect was much more pronounced at the lower altitude.
The crew also activated the Limited Duration Candidate Materials Exposure, or LDCE, experiment, exposing materials to the low-orbit environment that were under study for use on future spacecraft.
The crew also began another series of evaluations of the Dexterous End Effector equipment using the RMS, testing the technology's magnetic grapple system, alignment system and force sensor.
The Flight Day 14 (Thursday, March 17) plan called for a hot firing of the Reaction Control System (RCS) in preparation for the return flight, flight control system checkout, cabin stowage, SSBUV deactivation, and a final run in the Lower Body Negative Pressure device for Gemar.
The crew performed final checks of their spacecraft, wrapped up their experiments and began packing their bags in preparation for the return to Earth.
Several final observations of the Shuttle glow effect, a phenomenon created as atomic oxygen and other gases impact the spacecraft, were conducted.
The Flight Day 15 (Friday, March 18) plan called for deorbit preps and a deorbit burn of 209 ft/s (63.7 m/s) at MET 13/22:04 with a planned landing at KSC.
Soon after, the six astronauts began activating the sensitive radar equipment in the payload bay that would be operated around the clock during the next ten days.
By 8 pm, the Space Radar Laboratory-1 experiments of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth were all activated and began their study of the earth's ecosystem.
STS-59 ground controllers finished activating the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) and began processing its first images of the Earth, while engineers working with the X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-SAR) worked their way through some initial activation problems.
Meanwhile, the Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellite (MAPS) instrument took data on the carbon monoxide content and distribution in the atmosphere since shortly after launch.
During the initial activation of the X-SAR, controllers reported they were unable to fully power up the amplifier that provides power to the radar.
Thereafter, X-SAR controllers continued a deliberate, step-by-step check of the instrument, and successfully bounced X-band radar pulses off the Earth and recorded data.
As of Sunday morning, 10 April 1994, the radar laboratory had taken data readings on more than 40 targets including Howland, Maine; Macquarie Island; the Black Sea; Matera, Italy; and the Strait of Gibraltar.
Sunday's supersite observations were global carbon and hydrologic cycles in Duke Forest, North Carolina; hydrologic cycles around Otzal, Austria; and geological data on Lake Chad in the Sahara.
Observation sites for Sunday afternoon included Gippsland, Australia; Sable Island; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Bermuda; Bighorn Basin, Wyoming; Chung Li, China; and Mammoth Mountain, California.
Sunday evening's supersite observations by SIR-C and X-SAR focused on the interaction of plants and animals in the ecology of the forests of Raco, Michigan; hydrologic cycles around Bebedouro, Brazil; tectonic plate activity around the Galapagos Islands in the South Pacific; and the transfer of heat through wave energy in the Southern Ocean.
The Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution from Satellite instrument also continued to take readings of the concentration and distribution of carbon monoxide throughout the troposphere.
Crew members reported good earth observation photography opportunities over the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the frozen lakes of the Raco supersite area, as well as fires in the Sierra Madre mountains of Mexico.
A view of the Sahara Desert in Algeria, one of the geology sites, was taken to help scientists map surface and subsurface structures, including drainage patterns.
Also, the two radar imaging systems were calibrated over Matera, Italy, and Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, near Munich, in collaboration with students from the University of Munich.
The students measured soil moisture, forestry parameters, and the biomass of agricultural crops in the area at the same time the radar data was gathered.
Thomas D. Jones gave scientists real-time observations of thunderstorms over Taiwan, the Philippines and New Guinea to augment data being gathered by the (MAPS) experiment.
Concluding Flight Day 3, the Blue Team started their sleep period beginning about 8 am The Red Team went to work a few minutes after five that morning.
By Monday, 11 April 1994, 6 p.m. CDT, several more real-time images were processed by X-SAR – Sahara Desert, a geology site and the area around the Japanese Archipelago.
She also reported three Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment contacts with students at Ealy Elementary School in West Bloomfield, Michigan, Country Club School in San Ramon, California, and Boy Scouts in Richardson, Texas.
On Tuesday, 12 April 1994, 3 a.m. Eastern time a real-time image was downlinked from the X-SAR showing a region of the Andes Mountains in Bolivia.
During the Blue Team's shift, the X-SAR and SIR-C collected images of oceanography sites including the South Pacific Ocean, the East Australian Ocean currents, and the North Atlantic Ocean; geology sites at Cerro Laukaru, Chile, snow cover at Otztal, in the Austrian Alps, and Ha Meshar, Israel; and ecology sites at Howland, Maine, and Duke Forest, North Carolina.
Gutierrez and Chilton slept in an extra hour because they were about an hour and a half late going to sleep the night before after working on an in-flight maintenance procedure to eliminate air bubbles that were collecting in the drinking and food preparation water.
A later test during the Blue Team's shift indicated that bubbles still may get into the drink bags through the opening where water goes into the drink container.
During this shift, live X-SAR moving images were downlinked of the area surrounding Sarobetsu, Japan, one of the high-priority calibration sites for the X-band antenna.
Ground investigators also were developing topographic maps of Japan and searching for the optimum way in which to use the three radar antennas for mapping rice fields.
X-SAR's quick-look processor also showed images of the Bay of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico as well as the land around Veracruz, Mexico.
Ground investigators were taking simultaneous measurements of the ecological test site, looking for soil and vegetation information during the dry season of the tropical forest there.
On Wednesday, 13 April 1994, 7 a.m. Eastern time, the Blue Team completed its fifth working day in space with a handover to the Red Team.
During the Blue shift, researchers watched televised downlinks of live X-SAR moving images of surface and subsurface structures in the Namib Desert in South Africa to improve researchers' understanding of radar backscatter.
Scientists also viewed radar images of sea ice and seasonal melt in the Sea of Okhstok off the coast of Siberia and a critical region of expanding drought in the Sahel area of the Sudan.
Both crews used amateur radio equipment for the contact which was monitored real-time by many amateur radio stations via telebridge systems and rebroadcasts.
All three Blue Team astronauts exercised on the bicycle ergometer during their work shift for an ongoing biomedical study of exercise as a possible countermeasure for the deconditioning which astronauts experience in their cardiovascular systems during space missions.
Also, an in-flight maintenance procedure to install a makeshift seal for drink bags and food containers at the galley water dispenser helped reduce bubbles in the drinking and food preparation water.
This region was of special interest to the Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution experiment for studies of forest regrowth after a fire event.
During his off-duty time, Apt exercised on the bicycle ergometer and recorded his heart rate and perceived exertion for biomedical investigators.
The X-SAR science team's quick-look data processor produced moving video images of the Chickasha site, starting just north of the Oklahoma border in Kansas and ending just south of the Oklahoma River in Texas.
Hydrologists studied the data to learn how well the radar is able to determine the soil moisture content as it fluctuates from day to day and week to week.
Tom Jones commented that the pollution cloud noted over Manila Bay in the Philippines on flight day six was almost invisible today.
At about 1:50 am central time, Jones reported that the astronauts had seen fires along the west coast of Burma and smoke over Tasmania.
At 6 pm CDT, Chilton explained to the public how a vast network of ground scientists and students camped in the field at many of the worldwide sites assist with the radar observations, and Godwin answered questions supplied by CNN viewers around the world.
The crew was continuing to work on a nuisance with it galley, the presence of bubbles in the water used for drinking and rehydrating food.
The Blue Team—Jay Apt, Rich Clifford and Tom Jones—reported several visual observations including fires burning in Africa and a line of thunderstorms over northeastern Brazil.
Payloads scientists asked the crew to add the Rugen Island, off Germany's northern coastline in the Baltic Sea, to their list of Earth observations photography.
On Saturday, 16 April 1994, 12:30 p.m.CDT, the Space Radar Lab-1 instruments also were continuing to operate well, and all observations were being made on schedule.
All of the observation sites have been recorded at least once at this point in the flight, and remaining observations are to supplement the data already obtained.
The annoyance that was present since the first day of the flight has been laid to rest with the successful in-flight maintenance procedure to get rid of air bubbles in the crew's water supply.
On Sunday, 17, 3 April a.m. Central time, the Blue Team was recording radar images for scientists studying how elements of Earth's land surfaces, water resources, and plant and animal life work together to create Earth's life-sustaining environment.
On this day, two weeks after Easter Sunday (in the Gregorian Calendar) three of the astronauts - Gutierrez, Chilton and Jones - took part in a Roman Catholic service of Holy Communion.
Following the news conference, Commander Sid Gutierrez, Pilot Kevin Chilton and Flight Engineer Rich Clifford checked the orbiter systems while the payload crew of Mission Specialists Linda Godwin, Jay Apt and Tom Jones documented activity with the payload.
The weather forecast was favorable for a landing in Florida, although flight controllers were watching a possibility of low clouds and a slight chance of showers in the area.
Following the wave off, the crew reconfigured the orbiter systems for the added day on orbit and reactivated a portion of the Space Radar Laboratory payload in the cargo bay.
Payload managers reported that more than 70 million square kilometers of the Earth's surface, including land and sea, have been mapped on this flight.
The five stars on the left and nine stars on the right of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.
One octet (in most cases one byte) is equal to eight bits and has 2 or 256 possible values, counting from 0 to 255.
The International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) was the second in a series of Spacelab (SL) flights designed to conduct research in a microgravity environment.
The IML concept enabled a scientist to apply results from one mission to the next and to broaden the scope and variety of investigations between missions.
Scientists from the European Space Agency (ESA), Canada, France, Germany and Japan collaborated with NASA on the IML-2 mission to provide the worldwide science community with a variety of complementary facilities and experiments.
Microgravity science covers a broad range of activities from understanding the fundamental physics involved in material behavior to using those effects to generate materials that cannot otherwise be made in the gravitational environment of the Earth.
In life sciences research, a reduction of gravitation's effect allows certain characteristics of cells and organisms to be studied in isolation.
These reduced gravitational effects also pose poorly understood occupational health problems for space crews ranging from space adaptation syndrome to long-term hormonal changes.
Other payloads on this mission were: Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF), Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) Calibration Test, Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), Military Application of Ship Tracks (MAST), Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II (SAREX-II).
Besides NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the space agencies of Japan (NASDA), Canada (CSA), Germany (DLR), and France (CNES) sponsored experiments on the mission.
The IML-2 payload consisted of more than 80 experiments in microgravity and life sciences, including five life science experiments developed by American researchers.
They contain otoliths (or otoconia), calcium carbonate stones, which are deposited on a gelatinous membrane that lies over the sensory hair cells.
The pull that gravity exerts on the otoliths is sensed by the hair cells, and information about the gravitational stimulus is transmitted to the brain via connecting nerve fibers.
The experiment was designed to determine whether otolith production and development of otolith-associated receptor cells and nerve fibers may be altered in the microgravity environment of space.
The experiment also sought to determine the level of artificial gravity stimulus needed to counteract any negative effects of space flight.
The objective of the plant embryogenesis (PEMBSIS) experiment was to evaluate whether space flight affected the pattern and developmental progression of embryonic daylilies from one well-defined stage to another.
This species was selected for study partly because the vestibular system of very young newts undergoes most of its development in a period of time equivalent to the planned mission duration.
Their eggs develop in orbit and mature in the microgravity environment to provide scientists with a sample of embryos that have undergone early development in microgravity.
Newt adults and larvae were housed in cassette-type water tanks in the Aquarium Package within the Aquatic Animal Experiment Unit (AAEU), developed by NASDA, the Japanese space agency.
The AAEU is a life support unit that can keep fish or other aquatic animals alive for at least 19 days in the Spacelab.
It consists of a Main Unit, an Aquarium Package, and a Fish Package, each of which has an independent life support system.
A slow rotating centrifuge microscope and camera system, Nizemi, developed by DLR (formerly DARA), the German space agency, was used to examine and videotape the behavior of the jellyfish ephyrae and polyps at up to 15 varying levels of G and at a temperature of 28 °C (to facilitate swimming activity).
The Nizemi provides observation of samples under variable acceleration levels between 10–3 and 1.5 G and a controllable temperature between 18 and 37 °C.
The PFCs allow plant cells exposed to space flight to be fixed in orbit by insertion of a chemical fixative via syringe through a septum port.
Six were transported to KSC and kept in an unlit incubator at 22±2 °C until they were loaded into the Shuttle.
Four adult newts were also loaded into the cassettes; two cassettes each contained one newt apiece, while a third contained two.
Twenty-four hours before launch, four groups of six jellyfish polyps each were given iodine in artificial sea water (ASW) to induce strobilization of polyps into the ephyrae form.
Shortly before flight, the jellyfish samples were loaded into a total of 10 Nizemi cuvettes containing ASW and placed in Type I containers.
For the behavior study, a group of normal ephyrae and a group of ephyrae without statoliths were placed in the Biorack 22 °C incubator.
It may be placed in almost any environment (not submersible in liquid) to provide recording of up to four channels of temperature data.
On flight days 6, 8, and 11, the crew carried out video observations of newt eggs to document the rate of development.
On both the fifth and ninth days of flight, an adult newt was found dead, causing the loss of some eggs because of contamination.
One cuvette from each group of jellyfish ephyrae and polyps were videotaped on the rotating microscope/centrifuge at intervals throughout the mission to determine the G-threshold for the swimming behavior of the ephyrae.
On flight day five, both the flight and ground-control groups of ephyrae with statoliths that had been hatched on Earth were fixed.
To provide a comparison between flight-fixed and ground-fixed groups in the PEMBSIS experiment, the crew fixed some cultures shortly before landing.
Some of the larvae were fixed and preserved for later analysis, while some were tested to estimate how space flight affected the gain of the otolith-ocular reflex and measure the otolith volumes and areas of associated sensory epithelia.
Some of both the flight and control jellyfish were allowed to form clones, which were then examined for arm number and other structural differences.
After the PEMBSIS cell culture chambers were recovered from the Shuttle, specimens of living cells and somatic embryos were photographed, counted, and chemically fixed within nine hours of landing, before their first division cycle on Earth was complete.
Analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions showed that flight-reared larvae had a larger mean endolymphatic sac (ES) and duct volume and a larger average volume of otoconia within the sac when compared to similarly staged ground controls.
Although development through budding and through metamorphosis proceeded well in space, some jellyfish are apparently more sensitive to microgravity than others, as evidenced by their abnormal arm development.
At the time it was said it would be difficult to remove the newt from the tank because of weightlessness, but the dead animal could contaminate the tank if left inside.
STS-64 was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 9 September 1994, and landed back on 20 September 1994 at Edwards Air Force Base.
STS-64 marked the first flight of Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE) and the first untethered U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) in 10 years.
LITE payload employs lidar, which stands for light detection and ranging, a type of optical radar using laser pulses instead of radio waves to study Earth's atmosphere.
Mission Specialists Lee and Meade completed the 28th EVA of the Space Shuttle program on 16 Sept. During the six-hour, 15- minute EVA, they tested a new backpack called Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER), designed for use in event crew member becomes untethered while conducting an EVA.
Operations with SAFER marked the first untethered EVA since STS 51-A in 1984, and also the last such EVA of the program.
SAFER went on to become a mainstay of US and joint spacewalks during the assembly of the International Space Station and beyond.
On the fifth day of the mission, the Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy-201 (SPARTAN-201) free flyer was released using the Remote Manipulator System arm.
Making its second flight on the Shuttle, SPARTAN-201 was designed to collect data about the acceleration and velocity of the solar wind and to measure aspects of sun's corona.
The Robot Operated Processing System (ROMPS) was the first U.S. robotics system operated in space, mounted in two Get Away Special (GAS) canisters attached to the cargo bay wall.
STS-64 was the first mission to see the use of the new full-pressure Advanced Crew Escape Suit, which eventually replaced the partial-pressure Launch Entry Suit.
Welcome to the Monkey House is a collection of 25 short stories written by Kurt Vonnegut, first published in August 1968.
The Pournelle chart, developed by Jerry Pournelle in his 1963 political science Ph.D. dissertation, is a two-dimensional coordinate system which can be used to distinguish political ideologies.
It is similar to the political compass and the Nolan Chart in that it is a two-dimensional chart, but the axes of the Pournelle chart are different from those of other systems.
Both knots are identical and are composed of a slipped overhand knot, where a bight allows the knot be released by pulling on an end; the working end for a slip knot, and the standing end for a running knot.
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (sometimes Latinized as Johannes Antonius Scopolius) (3 June 1723 – 8 May 1788) was an Austrian physician and naturalist.
Scopoli was born at Cavalese in the Val di Fiemme, belonging to the Bishopric of Trent (today's Trentino), the son of a lawyer.
He spent two years as private secretary to the bishop of Seckau, and then was appointed in 1754 as physician of the mercury mines in Idrija, a small town in the Habsburg realm, remaining there until 1769.
In 1769, Scopoli was appointed a professor of chemistry and metallurgy at Mining Academy at Schemnitz (now Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia), and in 1777 transferred to the University of Pavia.
Scopoli communicated all of his research, findings, and descriptions (for example of the olm and the dormouse, two little animals hitherto unknown to Linnaeus).
Lawn darts (also known as Javelin darts, jarts, lawn jarts or yard darts) is a lawn game for two players or teams.
They are typically 12 inches (30 cm) long with a weighted metal or plastic tip on one end and three plastic fins on a rod at the other end.
The darts are intended to be tossed underhand toward a horizontal ground target, where the weighted end hits first and sticks into the ground.
In the team version the players stand with one member from each team at each end (when throwing, they should be sure to stand well back when the other side is throwing) and toss the darts to a target about away (with variation based on the players' skill and the venue in which the game is being played).
Usually if a player from each team lands a dart in the target, the scores cancel each other (so if Team A got 2 darts into the target, and Team B got 1 in, Team A would get 1 point and Team B would get 0).
In Handly Cup Style Lawn Darts, scores are based on darts in the ring plus darts closer to the ring than any of the opposing team's darts.
Additionally, any dart that is closer to the ring (but outside) than any other dart by the opposing team is worth one point.
This means that if neither team managed to place a dart into the ring, but Team A had two darts closer than any of Team B's darts, Team A would score 2 points.
If Team A had one dart in the ring, and one dart closer than any of Team B's darts, they would score 4 points.
If both teams have darts in the ring it is impossible for a dart outside the ring to score any points (as it is farther from the ring than the opposing team's dart that is inside).
If Team A and Team B each had a dart inside the ring, and Team A also had a dart outside the ring but closer to the ring than Team B's other dart, neither team would score any points for that round.
Handly Cup Style matches typically are played in teams of two, with the pairs alternating, until one team's total score is 21 or more.
The ban was challenged in court in the late 1970s, prompting the Consumer Product Safety Commission to make a compromise ruling allowing their sale provided they were not marketed as toys.
However, in April 1987, seven-year-old Michelle Snow was killed by a lawn dart thrown by one of her brothers' playmates in the backyard of their home in Riverside, California.
The darts had been purchased, unintentionally, as part of a set of several different lawn games and were stored in the garage, never before having been played.
Michelle's father, David Snow, began to advocate for their ban, claiming that there was no way to keep children from getting their hands on lawn darts short of a full ban.
Due in part to Snow's lobbying, on December 19, 1988, the CPSC reinstated the outright ban on lawn darts in the U.S.
In the previous eight years, 6,100 people had been sent to the emergency room due to lawn darts in the U.S. Out of that total, 81% were 15 or younger, and half of them were 10 or younger.
On the week the commission voted to ban the product, an 11-year-old girl in Tennessee was hit by a lawn dart and sent into a coma.
It is possible to import parts of a lawn dart – plastic flights, metal bodies, and steel spigots – as well as a complete set of replacement parts to repair damaged lawn darts, into the U.S. and Canada.
He, She and It (published under the title Body of Glass outside the USA) is a cyberpunk novel by Marge Piercy published in 1991.
The novel examines gender roles, human identity and AI, political economy, environmentalism, love, and storytelling through a suspenseful plot, set in a post-apocalyptic America, of the romance between a human woman and the cyborg created to protect her community from corporate raiders.
An exception from this are the so-called free towns that are able to sell their technologies to the multis but remain autonomous.
When the protagonist Shira loses custody of her son Ari to her ex-husband Josh, she returns from her multi Yakamura-Stichen (Y-S) to her hometown Tikva (Hope in Hebrew) - a Jewish freetown.
There, she starts working on the socialization of the cyborg Yod (the tenth letter in Hebrew and a symbol for God in Kabbalah), who has been created illegally by Avram to protect the city.
Yod is the tenth cyborg (a robot with human appearance and programmed human characteristics) in a row of previously failed experiments whose programming has partially been completed by Malkah, Shira's grandmother.
When Malkah is working on a chimaera (security software) to protect the city from online attack, she is attacked by Y-S. Yod, however, is able to prevent the attack.
Shira is accompanied by Yod, her mother Riva, and Nili, a biotechnologically enhanced woman from a nuclear-devastated Israel, when the situation escalates.
Here, they get in contact with an organized underground group in which they discover Riva still alive and participating in resistance activities.
Finally, Malkah leaves Tikva with Nili to visit to a secret town in post-nuclear holocaust Israel and to profit from the possible biotechnological enhancements.
When she discovers copies of the notes concerning Yod, she initially plans on recreating Yod; ultimately she respects Yod's wishes and destroys them.
The main plot is interwoven with a story Malkah tells Yod that deals with Rabbi Judah Loew who Malkah depicts as her ancestor living in the ghetto of Prague around 1600.
To protect the Jewish community from the Christian mob, Loew uses the knowledge of Kabbalah to create the golem Joseph from clay.
Joseph successfully protects the ghetto and begins to think of himself as human and makes a plea for his right to a human existence.
The two stories are mutually illuminating, both asking what it means to be human both from the perspective of the man-made life and that of those who love the artificial lives.
The Jacques Cartier Bridge () is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the Saint Lawrence River from Montreal Island, Montreal, Quebec to the south shore at Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.
The bridge crosses Île Sainte-Hélène in the centre of the river, where offramps allow access to the Parc Jean-Drapeau and La Ronde amusement park.
There are approximately 35.8 million vehicle crossings annually, making it the third busiest bridge in Canada, the first being Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge, just a few kilometres upstream.
Together with the Champlain Bridge, it is administered by the Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated (JCCBI), a Canadian Crown Corporation which reports to Infrastructure Canada.
Discussions began as early as 1874 about the construction of a new bridge to alleviate the congestion on Victoria Bridge, which was then a rail-only bridge, the wintertime ice bridge and the ferries used to connect the city to its south shore.
On August 9, 1926 the cornerstone was laid, integrated into the pillar at the corner of Notre Dame Street and Saint Antoine Street, opposite the Pied-du-Courant Prison.
The bridge was constructed of steel at a cost of C$23 million, and the work lasted two and a half years.
It opened to traffic on May 14, 1930, however the inauguration ceremony took place a few days later, on May 24.
A parallel empty space used to exist to the right of the roadway in each direction, through which the bridge's girders could be seen.
The roadway was expanded by an additional traffic lane on the east side in 1956 and the west side in 1959 to include the space allocated to the tramway tracks, adding an extra lane of traffic in each direction and bringing the total capacity of the bridge to five lanes.
To accommodate large ships using the new St. Lawrence Seaway, the span over the east channel of the river (the Warren truss) was raised an additional (to ) in 1957 and 1958.
Originally, the bridge was constructed with only one ramp to Saint Helen's Island, located on the western side of the bridge.
In 1961, a second ramp was built on the east side to prevent cars traveling to Montreal from having to cross the path of those heading toward Longueuil, a major source of accidents.
The sidewalks were also widened to a width of , and the sidewalk on the western side of the bridge was made a bike path.
The back of the Jacques Cartier Bridge is located at the exit leading to Île Sainte-Hélène and was donated by France.
It was, in turn, one of the design influences for the Story Bridge, in Brisbane, Australia, which was completed in 1940.
Its imposing steel structure of its main section most likely inspired the designers of J. C. Van Horne Bridge spanning the Restigouche River between Campbellton, New Brunswick and Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec.
The structure was a toll bridge from its opening until 1962 and a toll plaza was located on the southern approach.
The toll plaza area now houses the offices of the corporation that owns and operates the structure and the nearby Champlain Bridge.
It was designed to avoid the land of a soap factory owner who refused the amount the city offered him for his land.
Another curve in the middle of the bridge at the height of Île Sainte-Hélène is due to the positioning of the pillars.
The pillars were built according to the direction of the stream of the river in a different axis of the streets to the North approach on the island of Montreal.
The existence of these curves has been a predominant factor in many accidents that have led to changes in signage on the bridge over the years.
The bridge has five traffic lanes, two of which are directional and one reversible for rush hour traffic and two sidewalks on each side for pedestrians and cyclists.
It is also known for its famous Craig curve, a curve on the side of Montreal that once created many accidents because of its small radius and zero tilt.
This deficiency was corrected in the early 2000s by raising the west side of the deck creating a slight tilt making it easier to take the curve.
The bridge is the continuation of Highway 134 and is connected to the multiplex formed by Highway 20 and the René-Lévesque Highway via an interchange.
It continues on the South Shore in a short motorway section of the 134 km long road, which ends at an interchange with roads 112 and 116, before becoming boulevard Taschereau.
Over the last twenty years, major ongoing renovation programs have been completed, including painting and deck replacement to preserve the integrity of the structure and to ensure a safe passage for users.
JCCBI, the structure's responsible manager, is carrying out a structural steel reinforcement program dating back to 1920, in order to extend the life span of the bridge.
This bridge has been shut down several times due to several protesters who have individually climbed on the superstructure of the bridge or on a sign in the Longueuil side of the bridge.
Recently, the pedestrian paths were modified with the installation of round metal fences all around in both directions, to disallow climbing of the superstructure and discourage potential suicide jumpers, the two main problems associated with pedestrian traffic on the bridge.
To mark both the 150th anniversary of Canada and the 375th anniversary of Montreal, the bridge was refitted in 2017 with new decorative lights.
Réalisations Inc. Montreal is responsible for the idea of using big data as a modulator of the bridge lighting program, as well as the design and production of the custom software and training of on-site operators to bring this concept to life.
Fifty-three types of data pertaining to Montreal, across eleven categories, are tracked to feed the bridge's lighting systems, included but not limited to; weather, traffic, noise and activity on social media.
The bridge is then invaded by luminous movements in the colours of the most discussed topics of the day by the Montreal media: society (red), environment (green), technology (light blue), business (gray), sports (blue), institutions (pink), culture (purple).
The systems track this data using physical capture systems such as sensors and cameras as well as through hashtags and keywords on online platforms.
More information on how data is interpreted and expressed in light, and the systems used to do so, can be found on the Réalisations website.
Day after day, it is transformed, progressively from the spring energizing green, to the radiant summer orange, to the voluptuous autumn red and the icy blue of winter.
The first lighting up of the bridge occurred on May 17, 2017, the same day associated with the founding of Montreal in 1642 and officially kicking off the festivities for the 375th anniversary.
Charles Bulfinch (August 8, 1763 – April 15, 1844) was an early American architect, and has been regarded by many as the first native-born American to practice architecture as a profession.
Bulfinch split his career between his native Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, DC, where he served as Commissioner of Public Building and built the intermediate United States Capitol rotunda and dome.
His works are notable for their simplicity, balance, and good taste, and as the origin of a distinctive Federal style of classical domes, columns, and ornament that dominated early 19th-century American architecture.
At the age of 12, he watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from this home on the Boston side of the Charles River.
He was educated at Boston Latin School and Harvard University, from which he graduated with an AB in 1781 and master's degree in 1784.
He then made a grand tour of Europe from 1785 to 1788, traveling to London, Paris, and the major cities of Italy.
He was also influenced by the classical architecture in Italy and the neoclassical buildings of Sir Christopher Wren, Robert Adam, William Chambers, and others in the United Kingdom.
Over the course of ten years, Bulfinch built a remarkable number of private dwellings in the Boston area, including Joseph Barrell's Pleasant Hill (1793), a series of three houses in Boston for Harrison Gray Otis (1796, 1800, 1806), and the John Phillips House (1804).
From 1799 to 1817, he was the chairman of Boston's board of selectmen continuously, and served as a paid police superintendent, improving the city's streets, drains, and lighting.
Bulfinch was responsible for the design of the Boston Common, the remodeling and enlargement of Faneuil Hall (1805), and the construction of India Wharf.
In these Boston years, he also designed the Massachusetts State Prison (1803); Boylston Market (1810); University Hall for Harvard University (1813–1814); the Meeting House in Lancaster, Massachusetts (1815–17); and the Bulfinch Building, home of the Ether Dome at Massachusetts General Hospital (1818), its completion overseen by Alexander Parris, who was working in Bulfinch's office at the time the architect was summoned to Washington.
Despite this great activity and civic involvement, Bulfinch was insolvent several times starting in 1796, including at the start of his work on the statehouse, and was jailed for the month of July 1811 for debt (in a prison he had designed himself).
There was no payment for his services as selectman, and he received only $1,400 for designing and overseeing the construction of the State House.
In the summer of 1817, Bulfinch's roles as selectman, designer, and public official coincided during a visit by President James Monroe.
As Commissioner of Public Building, Bulfinch completed the Capitol's wings and central portion, designed the western approach and portico, and constructed the Capitol's original low wooden dome to his own design (replaced by the present cast-iron dome completed in the mid-1860s).
During his interval in Washington, Bulfinch also drew plans for the State House in Augusta, Maine (1829–1832), a Unitarian Church and prison in Washington, D.C..
He returned to Boston in 1830, where he died on April 15, 1844, aged 80, and was buried in King's Chapel Burial Ground in Boston.
In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed (intuitively for embedded spaces, staying within the space) into any other such path while preserving the two endpoints in question.
The fundamental group of a topological space is an indicator of the failure for the space to be simply connected: a path-connected topological space is simply connected if and only if its fundamental group is trivial.
Similarly, is simply connected if and only if for all points formula_4, the set of morphisms formula_5 in the fundamental groupoid of has only one element.
The set of complex numbers with imaginary part strictly greater than zero and less than one, furnishes a nice example of an unbounded, connected, open subset of the plane whose complement is not connected.
For example, a (not necessarily connected) open set has connected extended complement exactly when each of its connected components are simply connected.
For example, neither a doughnut nor a coffee cup (with handle) is simply connected, but a hollow rubber ball is simply connected.
Take for example the complex plane under the exponential map: the image is C - {0}, which is not simply connected.
Jin Au-Yeung (Chinese name: 歐陽靖; born June 4, 1982), known as MC Jin, is an American rapper, songwriter and actor of Hakka descent who is the first Asian American solo rapper to be signed to a major record label in the United States.
Born in Miami, Florida and later living in New York City, he lived in Hong Kong for several years before returning to New York in the summer of 2012.
He was raised in the general Miami area, where his parents owned a Chinese restaurant and Jin attended John F. Kennedy Middle School in North Miami Beach.
After graduating Jin decided to forgo college and begin his rap career, moving to Queens, New York City with his parents in 2001.
While battling on the streets, he was spotted by Kamel Pratt, who then became his manager; together, they formed Crafty Plugz Entertainment.
That same night of his Hall of Fame induction, he announced that he had signed a deal with the Ruff Ryders label.
The album was originally scheduled to be released in the summer of 2003, but was delayed for over a year by the label.
On May 18, 2005, Jin revealed that he would be putting his rap career on hold in order to explore other options.
The album was written and recorded in the US in 2006, but it wasn't until mid-2008 that Universal Records HK contacted Jin, interested in releasing the album there in the midst of an upsurge in interest in hip hop.
As said by Jin, this mixtape is open to anybody and will be mixed from the general population along with Jin.
On July 10, 2010, Jin collaborated with Singaporean Mandarin-language singer Hanjin Tan () to release another Cantonese album (Buy one get one free).
MC Jin has been a born again Christian since 2008, and has expressed his faith in his music since becoming a Christian.
After his success and popularity on the Rap of China, Jin gained widespread respect and popularity throughout China, and also with the Chinese people worldwide.
Bu-Shuai means 'not handsome' in mandarin, and Jin joked with his fans that although he is not handsome as compared to many artists, he is proud to be so as he is secure in himself as an 'un-handsome'.
A series of official Team Bushuai merchandise such as tees, hoodies, windbreakers and caps donning the slogan and team name (designed by Jin) is also available on Taobao .
Jin actively interacts with its members online, and is known to sometimes arrange to meet them in different cities for movies and coffees offline.
During the period on Idol Producer, Jin started being active on Twitter, and gained familiarity with many fans through stan twitter.
His 2018 song 'Debut' also starts with the lyrics «Shout out to the emojins, and the emojins only» He has various catchphrases which he often uses on his Twitter such as uwu, Skinny legend and Issa Bop.
The way to become a true Emojin is through Ywitter interactions and most importantly being mutuals because as MC Jin states in Debut «If we ain't mutuals we ain't cool, I don't make the rules».
It is based upon the same general theme: A woman of destiny is under some sort of test or trial as she waits for her beloved to return.
It was during the English Civil War that the Puritan Army of English Parliament wore yellow ribbons and yellow sashes onto the battlefield.
Yellow is the official color of the armor branch of the U.S. Army, used in insignia, etc., and depicted in Hollywood movies by the yellow neckerchief adorning latter-half 19th century, horse-mounted U.S. Cavalry soldiers.
One of the daughters of co-writer L. Russell Brown is writing a screenplay about the REAL yellow ribbon story, in a whistle blower tell-all.
He would be able to see it from the bus driving by their house and would stay on the bus in the absence of the ribbon.
When the dust settled, BMI calculated that radio stations had played it 3 million times, or seventeen continuous years of airplay.
The group is a coalition protesting the reclamation of public space in Albert Park, Melbourne for the annual Australian Grand Prix.
When the race moved to Melbourne in 1996, yellow ribbons were tied around the trees in the park which were designated for removal.
Although the group was unsuccessful in protecting the designated trees, they and their supporters still tie ribbons around the trees each year at the time of the race.
A yellow ribbon, for any symbolic purpose, was uncommon in Canada until the Great War when it was used by mothers and wives of soldiers who were fighting.
The yellow ribbon began to represent the close ties and strong relationship it had with France and Great Britain, forgiving the countries of all past wrongs and fighting for their brothers and sisters.
As the war progressed and an allied defeat seemed imminent, the ribbon represented the close ties the soldiers had back home and for their country, Canada.
On September 11, 2001, three planes were hijacked and were deliberately crashed into World Trade Center 1, World Trade Center 2 and The Pentagon.
The Canadian Government enacted Operation Yellow Ribbon, to land hundreds of flights bound for the United States and all flights out of the United States.
The ICAO announced at 9:40 am EDT that all U.S bound flights, whether over Canada or having had just departed, were to land in Canada anyway for security and protection purposes.
Operation Yellow Ribbon represented Canada's connection and ties to America and Canada's commitment to give the American people who were stranded, food, healthcare, and shelter until all was safe and they could go home.
In Denmark, the yellow ribbon has become the more or less official (though not directly officially endorsed by the countries' armed forces) symbol for support of troops in missions.
In Sweden, Swedish Veteran Federation and Stiftelsen Jesper Lindbloms Minne is promoting it as a troop-supporting symbol, for both military and non-military personnel on peacekeeping missions.
In Sweden the yellow ribbon is also associated with Testicular Cancer Awareness, maybe more so than a symbol for support of troops in missions.
Not intrusive nosiness but rather quiet and committed support that says: your concern is our concern, we hope and believe together with you.
The seven Estonian citizens referred to by the President, were taken hostage on 23 March 2011 in eastern Lebanon during a cycling trip.
For that, a specialised Facebook App was created for people to automatically be able to add a yellow ribbon to their profile pictures.
The yellow ribbon is used as a symbol for Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement and their demands for universal suffrage, as it has long been the official color of many suffrage organizations, stemming from the women's suffrage campaign in the US in the 1860.
The yellow ribbon was first used by pro-democracy camp legislators in a press conference after the December 2005 protest for democracy in Hong Kong, and was later adopted as a symbol among protestors during the 2014 Hong Kong protests.
The yellow ribbon is used in many ways, in particular on social media, for demonstrating solidarity with the pro-democracy protestors, and it became more widely used after Hong Kong police fired tear gas and used pepper spray (capsaicin) to dissipate the students and protesters who were occupying Harcourt Road in Admiralty on September 28, 2014, in the 2014 Hong Kong protests.
The meaning of yellow ribbon in Hong Kong has also extended to symbolize discountenance of the abuse of violence by the Hong Kong Police against pro-democracy protestors in the 2014 protests.
In Indonesia, yellow ribbon is used as a symbol to show solidarity and sympathy for the victims of the riots and chaos in Indonesia May 13–15, 1998, who were mostly Indonesian Chinese.
Starting in August 2008 in the northern Israeli region of Galilee, yellow ribbons were tied to the left side mirrors of civilian cars as a symbol of the hope of the Israelis to free Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit who was imprisoned in the Gaza Strip by Hamas.
In Kuwait the yellow ribbon is worn to support the prisoners of war (POWs) missing from Kuwait, during the period from the Iraqi invasion in 1990 until the fall of Baghdad on April 9, 2003.
Ambassador James Larauca in Kuwait on the Fourth of July, the 224th anniversary of Independence Day, the ambassador pointed out that one of the most priceless reminders of the values of freedom is the yellow ribbon that was held by former U.S. President George W. Bush in reference to the suffering of the families of prisoners of Kuwait in Iraqi prisons.
It is also being used as a symbol of solidarity and remembrance for the Pike River miners trapped and killed after the explosion in the mine on 19 November 2010.
In the Philippines, the yellow ribbon first gained prominence in the 1980s during the Martial Law era as a symbol of opposition leader Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Inspired by the song Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree (with the song's lyrics serving as an allegory of Aquino's homecoming after a long period of incarceration and subsequent exile due to his constant criticism of the Marcos regime), supporters tied yellow ribbons along the streets of Metro Manila to welcome him from his self-exile in the United States.
His death led to a series of events that culminated in the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos.
After her death on 1 August 2009, people wore yellow shirts, tied yellow ribbons along the street and added yellow ribbons on photos in social networking sites in mourning.
Soon after, it was used by those pushing for Aquino's only son, Benigno Aquino III, to run in the May 2010 elections; it was eventually co-opted by his campaign.
In Singapore, the government has initiated an annual Yellow Ribbon Campaign, through the Yellow Ribbon Project, to promote giving ex-convicts a second chance in society.
Typically, a person shows his support for ex-convicts by pinning a yellow ribbon on his shirt during the annual campaign held in September.
In Catalonia, the yellow ribbon started being used in late October 2017 as a symbol of solidarity with the leaders of the two biggest pro-independence organizations, ANC and Òmnium Cultural (Jordi Sànchez and Jordi Cuixart respectively), arrested by the Spanish judiciary during the Operation Anubis on accusations of rioting, sedition and rebellion.
In November 2017, the meaning of the ribbon broadened to include the members of the Catalan regional government and the president of the Catalan Parliament, who were arrested by the Supreme Court of Justice for their alleged role in organizing referendum on Catalan independence, that was declared illegal by the Constitutional Court of Spain.
The yellow ribbon is also used to show support for former Catalan leaders in self-imposed exile, including the former Catalan president Carles Puigdemont and four other regional Ministers, who had fled to Belgium and Scotland to avoid arrest and to seek broader European support for their cause; as well as Marta Rovira (leader of ERC) and Anna Gabriel (leader of CUP) who fled to Switzerland.
FC Barcelona ex-player and coach, and current Manchester City manager, Pep Guardiola, is one of the most notable figures who has been wearing it.
Sometimes, the yellow ribbon is also used to show support for other individuals that push for the Catalan independence and have faced legal consequences because of it.
The Spanish electoral commission (Junta Electoral Central) has taken the position that the yellow ribbon is a political symbol and has sometimes banned its display on public buildings when an election is upcoming; in 2019, the Catalan government changed a yellow ribbon on a banner on its headquarters building in Barcelona to a white ribbon in response to such a ban.
During the Iran hostage crisis, the yellow ribbon was used as a symbol of support for the hostages held at the United States embassy in Tehran.
This symbolism continued and gained further recognition in December 1979, when Penelope Laingen, wife of Bruce Laingen who was the most senior foreign service officer being held hostage, tied a yellow ribbon around a tree on the lawn of her Maryland home.
It appeared again during the 2003 invasion of Iraq with similar meanings, most prominently in the form of a yellow ribbon printed on magnetized material and displayed on the outside of automobiles.
YRRP is a Department of Defense-wide effort to promote the well-being of National Guard and Reserve members, their families and communities, by connecting them with resources throughout the deployment cycle.
One of the videos explained the practice of tying a yellow ribbon to a dog's leash to indicate the dog did not like strangers.
Scanimate is an analog computer animation (video synthesizer) system developed from the late 1960s to the 1980s by Computer Image Corporation of Denver, Colorado.
The 8 Scanimate systems were used to produce much of the video-based animation seen on television between most of the 1970s and early 1980s in commercials, promotions, and show openings.
One of the major advantages the Scanimate system had over film-based animation and computer animation was the ability to create animations in real time.
The speed with which animation could be produced on the system because of this, as well as its range of possible effects, helped it to supersede film-based animation techniques for television graphics.
Unlike a normal monitor, its deflection signals are passed through a special analog computer that enables the operator to bend the image in a variety of ways.
In the case of a video camera, this signal is then fed into a colorizer, a device that takes certain shades of grey and turns it into color as well as transparency.
This requires very high-quality video recorders (such as both the Ampex VR-2000 or IVC's IVC-9000 of Scanimate's era, the IVC-9000 being used quite frequently for Scanimate composition due to its very high generational quality between re-recordings).
The machines are installed in a working production environment with Grass Valley switchers, Kaleidoscope effects systems and Accom digital disk recorders for layering.
It had an immediate and far-reaching influence on Harvey's contemporaries; Thomas Hobbes said that Harvey was the only modern author whose doctrines were taught in his lifetime.
This work is a substantial contribution to cardiac physiology, for it introduces into biology the doctrine of circulation of the blood in the seventeenth century.
Opposed and obliging work heralding Harvey's discovery go back to the thirteenth century, when the pulmonary circulation and gas exchange was proposed by Ibn Al-Nafis.
In 1553, Michael Servetus said that blood flows from the heart to the lungs, and that it there mixes with air to form the arterial blood which flows back to the heart.
Between 1570 and 1590, Cesalpino suggested, in a controversy with Galenists, that the movement of blood was more like a circulation than an oscillation; but this view lacks clarity.
In 1603, Hieronymus Fabricius ab Acquapendente published a work clearly describing the valves in the veins and showing that they hinder the flow of blood away from the heart.
From 1597 to 1602, Harvey studied arts and medicine at Padua, and made a careful study of the heart and the movement of blood.
This book is important both for the discovery of the complete circulation and for the experimental, quantitive and mechanistic methodology which Harvey introduced.
He looked upon the heart, not as a mystical seat of the spirit and faculties, but as a pump analyzable along mechanical lines.
He observed that with each beat two ounces of blood leave the heart; so that with 72 heart beats per minute, the heart throws into the system 540 pounds of blood every hour.
Moreover, the one-way valves in the heart, like those in the veins, indicate that, following the pulmonary circulation, the blood goes out to all parts of the body through the arteries and returns by way of the veins.
There was, however, one stage in the circulation which Harvey was not able to see - that in which the veins and arteries lose themselves by subdivision into the tiny capillary vessels.
It was in 1660, three years after Harvey's death, that Marcello Malpighi saw the blood moving in the capillaries of a frog's lung, and thus supplied the missing link in Harvey's proof of the circulation of the blood.
On 7 November 2015 the European Commission ruled that the government funding given to the company had been in breach of the European Union regulations and must be paid back.
The company leased two Boeing 737-500s to replace its old Soviet planes, and in 1996, after obtaining two more Fokker 50s, it was able to retire the Soviet fleet entirely.
In 2008 three new destinations (Minsk, Munich and Rome) were served and the company announced that it was ordering three Bombardier CRJ900 NG and further 3 options.
On 27 November 2008, Estonian Prime Minister Andrus Ansip announced that SAS had approached the Estonian government, urgently requesting a cash injection to save the airline and offering to buy out the government's stake in the airline.
In November 2011 Estonian Air announced reopening flights to Riga, 17 weekly flights starting from 25 March 2012, and to Helsinki, 18 flights weekly starting from 26 March 2012.
As well as opening flights to Vienna, 6 weekly starting from 25 March 2012, and to Hannover, 6 weekly flights starting from 2 April 2012.
It also announced increased flights to Stockholm, St. Petersburg and Vilnius starting from March 2012 and add extra flights on the Tallinn-Moscow route during the December 2011 holidays.
As of 10 May 2010, the government of Estonia and SAS Scandinavian Airlines have agreed to a transaction where the Estonian government provides an additional 21 million EUR in capital to Estonian Air resulting in the stake of SAS in the carrier to decrease from 49% to 10%.
At the same time, the two parties have agreed that the Estonian government gets an option to buy the remaining 10% stake from SAS at a later time between then and 2014.
The short-term aim of the government is to become a leading shareholder and to invest in the company to ensure its future, as Estonian Air is strategically important to the state.
In September 2010, Estonian Air announced that they have finally signed an agreement with Bombardier, in which two CRJ-900 NextGen aircraft are going to be delivered in the beginning of 2011 (both planes were delivered in January 2011) and a third one in 2012.
The agreement with SAS Scandinavian Airlines was signed on 10 September 2010 and it took effect on 27 October 2010 when the Estonian Parliament ratified the 2010 state budget modifications, allocating needed funds for investment.
In November 2011, Minister of Economic Affairs Juhan Parts proposed that SAS should follow the state's lead in making substantial investments in Estonian Air.
Estonian Air's new CEO and former AirBaltic chief commercial officer Tero Taskila expected the company to be profitable by 2012 after losing money since 2005.
From 1 November 2012 the new CEO was Jan Palmér, who has had over 20 years of experience with different airlines in Scandinavia.
On 8 November 2015, Estonian Air ceased all operations after the European Commission declared the government funding received by the airline illegal which would have forced them to pay back over €85 million.
Replacement services on key Estonian Air routes have been established on short notice by the government-supported joint venture Nordic Aviation Group (NAG) under leadership of Adria Airways in joint operations with several European regional carriers.
Estonian Air offered direct flights from Tallinn to Amsterdam, Berlin (summer only), Brussels, Copenhagen, Kiev, London, Moscow, Nice (summer only), Oslo, Paris (summer only), St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Trondheim, Vienna and Vilnius.
As of the airline's shutdown on 8 November 2015, Estonian Air had a fleet of 6 aircraft with an average age of 8.2 years – 3 Bombardier CRJ900s, 2 CRJ700s and a single Embraer E-170.
All high-fare passengers were served snacks or meals and beverages depending on the time of departure and length of the flight.
Estonian Air Business Class passengers and SAS EuroBonus Gold/Pandion card holders were welcomed to the Business Class Lounge in the transit area in Tallinn.
Goodison Park is a football stadium in Walton, Liverpool, England, and the home of Premier League club Everton since its completion in 1892.
As Everton has remained in the top tier of English football since 1954, Goodison Park has hosted more top-flight games than any other stadium in England.
As well as hosting Everton games, the stadium has been the venue for an FA Cup Final and numerous international fixtures, including a semi-final match in the 1966 World Cup, among other matches.
Everton originally played on an open pitch in the south-east corner of the newly laid out Stanley Park (on a site where Liverpool F.C.
The first official match after being renamed Everton from St.Domingo's, was at Stanley Park being staged on 20 December 1879 with St.Peter's being the opposition, with admission free.
In the 1890s, a dispute about how the club was to be owned and run emerged with John Houlding, Anfield's majority owner and Everton's Chairman, at the forefront.
Houlding disagreed with the club's committee initially disagreeing about the full purchase of the land at Anfield from minor land owner Mr Orrell escalating into a principled disagreement of how the club was run.
In the complicated lead up to the split in the club, the rent dispute is too simplistic to be singled out as the prime cause.
A strip of land at the Anfield ground bordering the adjacent land owned by Mr Orrell, could be used to provide a right of way access road for Orrell's landlocked vacant site.
In early 1891 the club erected a stand on this now proposed roadway, which was also overlapping Orrell's land, unbeknown to the Everton F.C.
In August 1891 Orrell announced intentions of developing his land next to the football ground, building an access road on the land owned by Houlding and occupied by Everton F.C.
Houlding's way around the problem was to propose a limited company with floatation of the club enabling the club to purchase Houlding's and Orrell's land outright, hoping to raise £12,000.
After much negotiating and brinkmanship on both sides Everton vacated Anfield, leaving Houlding with an empty stadium with no one to play in it.
Everton's chairman John Houlding proposed that a limited company be formed with the new company purchasing his land and local brewer Joseph Orrell's adjacent land for a combined £9,237.
Liberal Party politician and Everton board member George Mahon fought the proposal putting forward his own amendment which was carried by the Everton board.
Houlding suggested that 12,000 shares be created with each Everton board member given one share and the other shares sold to the public or Everton board members.
The road was named after a civil engineer named George Goodison who provided a sewage report to the Walton Local Board in the mid-1800s later becoming a local landowner.
The Mere Green field was owned by Christopher Leyland with Everton renting until they were in a position to buy the site outright.
Initially, the field needed work as parts of the site needed excavation, the field was levelled, a drainage system was installed and turf was laid.
This work was considered to be a 'formidable initial expenditure' with local contractor Mr Barton contracted to work on the site at 4½d per square yard—a total cost of £552.
Everton officials were impressed with the builder's workmanship agreeing two further contracts: exterior hoardings were constructed at a cost of £150 with 12 turnstiles installed at a cost of £7 each.
Upon its completion the stadium was the first joint purpose-built football stadium in the world; Celtic's basic Celtic Park ground in Glasgow, Scotland was inaugurated on the same day as Goodison Park.
The first league game at Goodison Park took place on 3 September 1892 against Nottingham Forest; the game ended in a 2–2 draw.
Everton's first league victory at their new ground came in the next home game with a 6–0 defeat of Newton Heath in front of an estimated 10,000 spectators.
It was announced at a general meeting on 22 March 1895 that the club could finally afford to buy Goodison Park.
Mahon revealed that Everton were buying Goodison Park for £650 less than the price of Anfield three years earlier, with Goodison Park having more land and a 25% larger capacity.
In the summer of 1895 a new Bullens Road stand was built and a roof placed on the original Goodison Road stand but only after five directors, including Chairman, George Mahon had resigned over what was described in the club minutes as 'acute administrative difficulties'.
The stand was designed by Liverpool architect Henry Hartley who went on to chair the Liverpool Architectural Society a year later.
The club minutes from the time show that Hartley was unhappy with certain aspects of the stand and the poor sightlines meant that the goal line had to be moved seven metres north, towards Gwladys Street.
In January 1908, he complained that his fees had not been paid and the bill for the stand was near £13,000.
The stand is known for Archibald Leitch's highly distinctive balcony trusses which also act as handrails for the front row of seats in the Upper Bullens stand.
The idea was inspired by a visit to Pittodrie to play a friendly against Aberdeen, where such dugouts had been constructed at the behest of the Dons' trainer Donald Colman.
The stand completed at a cost of £50,000, being delayed because an old man would not move from his to be demolished home.
The original Gwladys Street having had terraced houses on either side, with those backing on to the ground making way for the expansion.
Architect Leitch and Everton Chairman Will Cuff became close friends with Cuff appointed as Leitch's accountant with Leitch moving to nearby Formby.
The first floodlit match at Goodison Park took place when Everton hosted Liverpool on 9 October 1957 in front of 58,771 spectators.
It was recommended that the club made a habit of changing them after three to four seasons to save the club performing intermittent repairs.
The first undersoil heating system in English football was installed at Goodison Park in 1958, with 20 miles (30 km) of electric wire laid beneath the playing surface at a cost of £16,000.
The system was more effective than anticipated and the drainage system could not cope with the quantity of water produced from the melting of frost and snow.
As a consequence the pitch had to be relaid in 1960 to allow a more suitable drainage system to be installed.
The Everton chairman Sir John Moores who presided over the club between 1960 and 1973 provided finances for the club in the form of loans to become involved in large-scale redevelopment projects and compete with other clubs for the best players, for a period of time under his stewardship Everton were known as 'The Mersey Millionaires'.
The matches featured in the film were Division One games against Manchester City on 4 November 1967 (1–1 draw) and 18 November 1967 versus Sheffield United (1–0 win)—the scorer of the winner that day was Alex Young, also known as The Golden Vision or Golden Ghost after whom the film was named.
The Goodison Road Stand was partially demolished and rebuilt during the 1969–70 season with striking images of both old and new stands side by side.
The new stand housed the 500 and 300 members clubs and an escalator to the tallest stand in the ground—the Top Balcony.
And now it has stepped into the demanding seventies with a facelift it scarcely seemed to need compared with some of us I know.
The Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 saw the Bullens Road Stand extensively fireproofed with widened aisles, which entailed closure of parts of the stand.
Because of the closure, Anfield was chosen over first choice Goodison Park for a Wales vs. Scotland World Cup qualifying tie.
Following Moores' exit from Everton's hierarchy, minimum changes have been made to Goodison Park's structure due to costs, two British Government Acts; the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 and Football Spectators Act 1989 have forced the club's hand into improving the facilities.
Dean suffered from a heart attack aged 73 in 1980, whilst Catterick died five years later, also suffering a heart attack aged 65.
Following the publication of the 1990 Taylor Report, in the wake of the Hillsborough disaster, top-flight English football grounds had to become all-seated.
The Enclosure, fronting the main stand, had already been made all-seated in time for the 1987–88 season and was given the new name of Family Enclosure.
The Paddock, the Park End terrace and the Gwladys Street terrace, known as 'the Ground', were standing and had to be replaced.
The fences around the perimeter of the ground fronting the terracing (which were to prevent fans, notably hooligans, running onto the pitch) were removed immediately post Hillsborough, in time for the rearranged league fixture with Liverpool.
Seats were installed in the Paddock, while the Lower Gwladys Street was later completely rebuilt to accommodate seating with new concrete steps.
Everton opted to demolish the entire Park End stand in 1994 and replace it with a single-tier cantilever stand, with the assistance of a grant of £1.3 million from the Football Trust.
Goodison Park has a total capacity of 40,157 all-seated and comprises four separate stands: the Goodison Road Stand, Gwladys Street Stand, Bullens Road Stand, and the Park End Stand.
The middle-deck level is known as the Main Stand and is fronted by another seated section known as the Family Enclosure.
On the east side of the ground, the Bullens Road stand is divided into the Upper Bullens, Lower Bullens and The Paddock.
Behind the goal at the north end of Goodison Park, the Gwladys Street Stand is divided into Upper Gwladys and Lower Gwladys.
If Everton win the toss before kick-off the captain traditionally elects to play towards the Gwladys Street End in the second half.
At the south end of the ground, behind one goal, the Park End Stand backs onto Walton Lane which borders Stanley Park.
The lower tier of the old stand was terracing and this was closed off by the turn of the 1980s due to it being a fire hazard as the terracing steps were wooden.
This was created as a requirement for the 1966 World Cup because the crowd had to be a required distance from the goals.
The area around Goodison Park when built was a dense area full of terraced housing, and Goodison Avenue behind the Park End stand was no different.
One of the players to live there, Dixie Dean later had a statue erected in his honour near the Park End on Walton Lane.
By the 1990s the club had demolished virtually the whole street and this coincided with the redevelopment of the Park End stand.
Goodison Park is unique in the sense that a church, St Luke's, protrudes into the site between the Goodison Road Stand and the Gwladys Street Stand only yards from the corner flag.
The church is synonymous with the football club and a wooden church structure was in place when Goodison Park was originally built.
The church can be seen from the Park End and Bullens Road and has featured prominently over the years as a backdrop during live televised matches.
One of two jumbotron screens (both installed in 2000) has been installed between the Goodison Road stand and Gwladys Street stand partially obscuring the church from view.
Imaginative spectators would climb the church and watch a football game from the rooftop however they have now been deterred from doing so with the installation of security measures such as barbed wire and anti-climb paint.
In addition, the introduction of the 'all-seater' ruling following the Taylor Report has meant that spectators no longer resort to climbing nearby buildings for a glimpse of the event as a seat is guaranteed with a purchased ticket.
Following the conversion of Goodison Park into an all-seater stadium in 1994, plans for relocation to a new site have been afoot since 1996, when then chairman Peter Johnson announced his intention to build a new 60,000-seat stadium for the club.
In January 2001, plans were drawn up to move to a 55,000-seat purpose-built arena on the site of the King's Dock in Liverpool.
The proposed stadium would have had a retractable roof enabling it to be used for concerts and chairman Bill Kenwright had hoped to have it ready for the 2005–06 season.
Following this, plans were made to move to Kirkby, just outside the city, in a joint venture with the supermarket chain Tesco.
The scheme was greatly divisive amongst supporters and local authorities, but was rejected in late November 2009 following a decision by Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government.
The site of Goodison Park was earmarked in 1997 and 2003 for a food store by Tesco who offered £12 million which was valued at £4 million for the site but Liverpool City Council's advisor's advised against allowing planning permission.
The club were advised that the planning permission required would not necessarily be granted, and chose not to take the scheme further.
The supporters' groups have argued that it is possible to expand Goodison Park, despite the odd shaped landlocked site being surrounded by housing, local authority buildings, and have produced image renders, architectural drawings and costings for a redeveloped Goodison Park.
Everton were considering all options, including relocation, redevelopment of the current ground, or a groundshare with Liverpool F.C., in a new, purpose-built stadium in Stanley Park, stressing that finance is the main factor affecting decision-making.
In 2010, Everton supporters approached University of Liverpool and Liverpool City Council to initiate a dedicated 'Football Quarter'/'Sports City' zone around Goodison Park, Stanley Park and Anfield.
representatives but no further action was taken.Plans for relocation of Liverpool to a new stadium have since been abandoned in favour of expanding Anfield.
This proposal would place both football clubs on a rapid-transit Merseyrail line circling the city giving high throughput, fast transport access.
In 2016, following his investment in the club by major shareholder Farhad Moshiri, the prospect of a new stadium was once again addressed, with a pair of options mentioned.
The preferred option was to resurrect the idea of a riverside stadium, this time in partnership with the Peel Group using the Clarence Dock.
However, the other option was a site located at Stonebridge Cross in Gillmoss, which is seen as more easily deliverable in some areas.
In August 2010, Everton announced plans to build a new development situated between the Park End stand and Walton Lane; the site is currently used for a hospitality marquee.
The proposed development is a four-storey building which include a retail store, ticket office, offices, conference and catering facilities and a museum.
The nearest station to the stadium is Kirkdale railway station on the Merseyrail Northern Line which is located just over half a mile (800 m) away.
Walton and Anfield railway station located on Walton Lane—the same road that the Park End backs onto—was the nearest station to Goodison Park until its closure in 1948.
Although Everton has now shifted towards a new stadium away from Goodison Park it remained a suggestion that the station could be re-opened should the freight only Canada Dock Branch line once again run passenger trains.
There are on-site parking facilities for supporters (limited to 230 spaces) and the streets surrounding the ground allow parking only for residents with permits.
Everton has staged more top-flight football games than any other club in England, eight more seasons than second placed Aston Villa.
Everton have played at Goodison Park for all but 4 of their 106 league seasons, giving Goodison Park the distinction of hosting more top-flight games than any other ground in England.
Until the expansion of Old Trafford in 1996 Goodison Park held the record Sunday attendance on a Football League ground (53,509 v West Bromwich Albion, FA Cup, 1974).
In the 1931–32 season Goodison Park was the venue of the most goals scored at home in a league season, 84 by Everton.
Between 23 April 1984 and 2 September 1986 Everton scored consecutively in 47 games., registering 36 wins and 7 draws and scoring 123 goals in the process while conceding 38.
Jack Southworth holds the record for most goals scored in one game at Goodison Park, scoring six versus West Bromwich Albion on 30 December 1893.
The most goals scored in a game at Goodison Park is 12, this occurred in two Everton games; versus Sheffield Wednesday (9–3) on 17 October 1931 and versus Plymouth Argyle (8–4) on 27 February 1954.
The stadium has only had six seasons where Everton FC has not been amongst the top ten highest attendances in the country.
The highest average attendance in the club's history has been 51,603 (1962–63) and the lowest was 13,230 (1892–93) which was recorded in Goodison Park's first year.
An estimated 53,000 attended the match, at a time when the average gate at Goodison Park in 1919–20 was near 29,000.
The reasons given by the FA were not substantial and it is perceived by some that the women's teams were a threat to the men's game.
In 1949, Goodison Park became the site of England's first ever defeat on English soil by a non-Home Nations country, namely the Republic of Ireland.
In April 1895 Goodison Park hosted England versus Scotland and so Everton became the first club to host England internationals on two grounds (the other being Anfield in 1889 when England won 6–2 versus Ireland).
The city of Liverpool also became the first English city to stage England games at three different venues, the other being Aigburth Cricket Club.
The original schedule of the 1966 World Cup meant that if England won their group and then reached the Semi final, the match would be held at Goodison Park.
When Everton player Alex Stevenson scored for Ireland in the 1935 British Home Championship versus England, he became the first player to score an international away goal on his club's home ground.
On 22 February 1973 the Irish Football Association announced that Northern Ireland's home matches in the 1973 British Home Championship would be moved to Goodison Park due to the civil unrest within Belfast at that time.
Both Northern Ireland goalscorers Dave Clements (vs. England) and Bryan Hamilton (vs. Wales) went on to play for Goodison Park's club side Everton later on in their careers.
On 11 July 1913 Goodison Park became the first English football ground to be visited by a reigning monarch when King George V and Queen Mary attended.
On 19 May 1938 George VI and Queen Elizabeth attended Goodison Park to present new colours to the 5th Battalion the King's Regiment (Liverpool) and the Liverpool Scottish (Queens Own Cameron Highlanders) in front of 80,000 spectators.
In 1921, Goodison Park played host to Lancashire's rugby team when they took on Australia national rugby union team and lost 29–6.
On 23 October 1924, 2,000 spectators witnessed US baseball teams Chicago White Sox and New York Giants participate in an exhibition match.
In addition, a baseball game between two Army Air Force nines watched by over 8,000 spectators raised over $3,000 for British Red Cross and St. John's Ambulance fund.
More than 800 fans' ashes have been buried at Goodison Park and since 2004 the club have had to reject further requests because there is no room for any more.
Tommy Lawton wanted his ashes to be scattered at Goodison but his son chose to donate them to the national football museum because of Goodison's uncertain future.
The stadium hosted the first outdoor boxing event in Liverpool since 1949 when Bellew defeated Ilunga Makabu on 29 May 2016 to claim the vacant WBC Cruiserweight title.
Between 1908 and 1921, Goodison Park also played host to four rugby league Kangaroo Tour matches involving the Australian and Australasian teams from 1908–1921.
Edmund Kirby Smith (May 16, 1824 – March 28, 1893) was a career United States Army officer who fought in the Mexican–American War.
He later joined the Confederate States Army in the Civil War, and was promoted to general in the first months of the war.
Smith was wounded at First Bull Run and distinguished himself during the Heartland Offensive, the Confederacy's unsuccessful attempt to capture Kentucky in 1862.
After Vicksburg was captured by the Union in July, the isolated Trans-Mississippi zone was cut off from the rest of the Confederacy, and became virtually an independent nation, nicknamed 'Kirby Smithdom'.
In the Red River Campaign of Spring 1864, he commanded victorious Confederate troops under General Richard Taylor, who defeated a combined Union army/navy assault under Nathaniel P. Banks.
His wife negotiated his return during the period when the federal government offered amnesty to those who would take an oath of loyalty.
Edmund Kirby Smith was born in 1824 in St. Augustine, Florida, as the youngest child of Joseph Lee Smith, an attorney, and Frances Kirby Smith.
The family moved to Florida in 1821, as the senior Smith was appointed as a Superior Court judge in the new Florida Territory, acquired by the US from Spain.
Older siblings included Ephraim, born in 1807; and sisters Frances, born in 1809, and Josephine, who died in 1835, likely of tuberculosis.
He was interested in botany and nature, but in 1836, Smith's parents sent their second son to a military boarding school in Virginia, and strongly encouraged a military career.
In 1837, his sister Frances married Lucien Bonaparte Webster, a West Point graduate from Vermont and career Army artillery officer, whom she met when he was stationed at Fort Marion in St. Augustine.
Webster later served in the Mexican–American War and died of yellow fever in 1853, when stationed on the Texas frontier at Fort Brown.
On July 1, 1841, Kirby Smith entered West Point and graduated four years later in 1845, ranking 25th out of 41 cadets.
In the Mexican–American War, Smith served under General Zachary Taylor at the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma.
He served under General Winfield Scott later, and received brevet promotions to first lieutenant for Cerro Gordo and to captain for Contreras and Churubusco.
His older brother, Ephraim Kirby Smith (1807–1847), who graduated from West Point in 1826 and was a captain in the regular army, served with him in the 5th U.S. Infantry in the campaigns with both Taylor and Scott.
When Texas seceded from the Union in 1861, Smith, promoted to major on January 31, 1861, refused to surrender his command at Camp Colorado in what is now Coleman, Texas, to the Texas State forces under Col. Benjamin McCulloch; he expressed his willingness to fight to hold it.
On March 16, 1861, Smith entered the Confederate forces as a major in the regular artillery; that day he was transferred to the regular cavalry with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's assistant adjutant general in the Shenandoah Valley, Smith was promoted to brigadier general on June 17, 1861.
He was given command of a brigade in the Army of the Shenandoah, which he led at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21.
He returned to duty on October 11 as a major general and division commander in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
Cooperating with Gen. Braxton Bragg in the invasion of Kentucky, he scored a victory at the Battle of Richmond, Kentucky on August 30, 1862, but did not link up with Bragg's army until after the Battle of Perryville.
On October 9, he was promoted to the newly created grade of lieutenant general, becoming a corps commander in Bragg's Army of Tennessee.
On January 14, 1863, Smith was transferred to command the Trans-Mississippi Department (primarily Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Texas) and he remained west of the Mississippi River for the balance of the war, based part of this time in Shreveport, Louisiana.
However, his department never had more than 30,000 men stationed over an immense area and he was not able to concentrate forces adequately to challenge Grant nor the Union Navy on the river.
Following the Union capture of the remaining strongholds at Vicksburg and Port Hudson and their closing of the Mississippi to the enemy, Smith was virtually cut off from the Confederate capital at Richmond.
In the spring of 1864, Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor, directly under Smith's command, soundly defeated Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks at the Battle of Mansfield in the Red River Campaign on April 8, 1864.
After the Battle of Pleasant Hill on April 9, Smith joined Taylor and dispatched half of Taylor's army, Walker's Greyhounds, under the command of Maj. Gen. John George Walker, northward to defeat Union Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele's incursion into Arkansas.
But, as in the case of his earlier attempts to relieve Vicksburg, it proved impossible due to Union naval control of the river.
By now a full general (as of February 19, 1864, one of seven generals in the Confederate Army), Smith negotiated the surrender of his department on May 26, 1865.
While Brigadier General Stand Watie and the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles regiment did not surrender until 23 June 1865, Kirby was the last full general to do so and signed the terms of surrender in Galveston, Texas, on June 2, nearly 8 weeks after Robert E. Lee's surrender.
In August that year, General Beauregard's house near New Orleans was surrounded by Federal troops who suspected the general of harboring Smith.
Smith returned to the United States later that year to take an oath of amnesty at Lynchburg, Virginia, on November 14, 1865.
After the war's end, Cassie traveled to Washington to negotiate for her husband's return to the United States from Cuba where he had fled.
They had five sons and six daughters: Caroline (1862–1941), Frances (1864–1930), Edmund (1866–1938), Lydia (1868–1962), Nina (1870–1965), Elizabeth (1872–1937), Reynold (1874–1962), William (1876–1967), Josephine (1878–1961), Joseph Lee (1882–1939), and Ephraim (1884–1938).
When that effort ended in failure, he started a preparatory school in New Castle, Kentucky, which he directed until it burned in 1870.
In 1875, Kirby Smith left that post to become professor of mathematics and botany at the University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee.
Part of his collection from those years was donated to the universities of North Carolina and Harvard, and to the Smithsonian Institution.
At the time of his death in Sewanee, he was the last surviving man who had been a full general in the Civil War.
The Kabul–Kandahar Highway (NH0101) is a road linking Afghanistan's two largest cities, Kabul and Kandahar, passing through Maidan Shar, Saydabad, Ghazni, and Qalati Ghilji.
The rebuilding project was overseen by the Louis Berger Group, with assistance in planning and design by Turkish and Indian engineers.
The journey from Kandahar to Kabul generally took travelers 18 hours but, since the rebuilding, has been shortened to roughly 6 hours.
On May 8, 2016, a major vehicular crash killed at least 73 and injured over 50 people along the Kabul-Kandahar highway in Moqor District of Ghazni Province.
The text of the gospel is lost with only fragments of it surviving as brief quotations by the early Church Fathers and in apocryphal writings.
Distinctive features include a Christology characterized by the belief that the Holy Spirit is Jesus' Divine Mother and a first resurrection appearance to James, the brother of Jesus, showing a high regard for James as the leader of the Jewish Christian church in Jerusalem.
It was probably composed in Greek in the first decades of the 2nd century, and is believed to have been used by Greek-speaking Jewish Christians in Egypt during that century.
It is the only Jewish–Christian gospel which the Church Fathers referred to by name, believing there was only one Hebrew Gospel, perhaps in different versions.
Passages from the gospel were quoted or summarized by three Alexandrian Fathers – Clement, Origen and Didymus the Blind; it was also quoted by Jerome, either directly or through the commentaries of Origen.
The gospel was used as a supplement to the canonical gospels to provide source material for their commentaries based on scripture.
Modern scholars classify the Gospel of the Hebrews as one of the three Jewish–Christian gospels, along with the Gospel of the Nazarenes and the Gospel of the Ebionites.
The provenance has been associated with Egypt; it probably began circulating in Alexandria, Egypt in the first decades of the 2nd century and was used by Greek-speaking Jewish–Christian communities there.
The communities to which they belonged were traditional, conservative Christians who followed the teaching of the primitive Christian church in Jerusalem, integrating their understanding of Jesus with strict observance of Jewish customs and law, which they regarded as essential to salvation.
Despite this, the gospel displays no connection with other Jewish–Christian literature, nor does it appear to be based on the Greek rendition of the Gospel of Matthew or the other canonical gospels of what is now orthodox Christianity.
The full extent of the original gospel is unknown; according to a list of canonical and apocryphal works drawn up in the 9th century known as the Stichometry of Nicephorus, the gospel was 2200 lines, just 300 lines shorter than Matthew.
It consisted of a narrative of the life of Jesus which included his baptism, temptation, transfiguration, last supper, crucifixion, and resurrection.
The events in the life of Jesus have been interpreted in a way that reflects Jewish ideas present in a Hellenistic cultural environment.
For James had sworn that he would not eat bread from that hour in which he had drunk the cup of the Lord until he should see him risen from among them that sleep.
Rather Matthias, who was installed (as apostle) in place of Judas, and Levi are the same person with a double name.
And he (Papias) has adduced another story of a woman who was accused of many sins before the Lord, which is contained in the Gospel according to the Hebrews.
It is related in some gospels that a woman was condemned by the Jews because of a sin and was taken to the customary place of stoning, in order that she might be stoned.
When they examined themselves and they recognized that they too bore responsibility for certain actions, they did not dare to stone her.
The Spirit takes Jesus to Mount Tabor by a single hair, echoing Old Testament themes in the stories of Ezekiel (Ezk.
The gospel emphasizes the fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah 11.2 in Jesus' baptism, but also adopts elements of Jewish Wisdom theology.
The Alexandrian Fathers – Clement, Origen, and Didymus the Blind – relied directly on the gospel to provide prooftexts as a supplement to the canonical gospels.
Jerome claimed to have used the gospel as a prooftext, although he may have relied in part on excerpts from the commentaries of Origen.
He quoted from it as a proof from prophecy based on Isaiah 11.2 to explain how Jesus was the fulfillment of messianic expectations.
The early Church Fathers believed there was only one Jewish–Christian gospel, perhaps in different versions; however, scholars have long recognized the possibility there were at least two or three.
Hegesippus, Eusebius, and Jerome all used an Aramaic gospel, which Jerome referred to as the gospel used by a Jewish Christian sect known as the Nazarenes.
A third gospel was known only to Epiphanius of Salamis, which he attributed to a second Jewish Christian group known as the Ebionites.
Liberty Media Corporation (commonly referred to as Liberty Media or just Liberty) is an American mass media company controlled by chairman John C. Malone.
Encore was taking advantage of the growth of digital cable, while TCI, which had previously owned twenty percent of Encore, was more interested in traditional cable.
After U.S. Department of Justice approval that required TCI to sell its 23.5% interest in Sprint Corporation PSC, TCI was acquired by AT&T on March 9, 1999 for approximately $48 billion.
Liberty Media merged with TCI Ventures Group LLC (TCIVA), TCI's telephone and Internet businesses, and the resulting company became part of AT&T, giving Liberty Media $5.5 billion to repurchase stock or buy other companies.
TCI chairman Malone, who became head of the new company, said buyers would not want all of TCI, but they would be interested in Liberty Media.
On September 28, 1998, Liberty Media announced the formation of Liberty Interactive, a company which would take advantage of new technologies such as set-top boxes to develop interactive programming.
Entertainment President and chief executive officer Lee Masters would become the new company's CEO, and Bruce Ravenel would be Chief Technology Officer.
On September 10, 1999, Liberty Media Group renamed TCI Music to Liberty Digital Inc. (NASDAQ symbol: LDIG), with the new company trading on NASDAQ's National Market tier, after Liberty Media traded most of its Internet content, interactive television assets, and rights to provide AT&T's cable systems with interactive services, in addition to cash and notes valued at $150 million, for TCI Music stock.
Liberty Digital lost $244 million with revenue of $66 million in 1999, thanks to investments in struggling Internet businesses homegrocer.com, drugstore.com, TiVo and iVillage.
On December 17, 1999, TCI Satellite Entertainment Inc. (TSAT), based in Englewood, Colorado, announced that Liberty Media was trading its interest in Sprint PCS for $300 million in TCI Satellite preferred stock.
A new company, 90% owned by Liberty Media and 10% owned by TCI Satellite, would combine the satellite-related businesses and take advantage of the growing area of Internet content.
Another new company was Liberty Livewire, formed from Todd-AO and two other companies by Liberty Media, which provided audio and video post-production services.
Liberty Media's Discovery Channel and QVC continued to do well, but the newer projects had problems and the company's stock price dropped by half.
If AT&T agreed to spin off Liberty Media, new deals such as a possible News Corp. purchase of DirecTV would be easier because AT&T would no longer require federal approval to complete such deals.
This was one of three possible actions to ensure federal approval of AT&T's $54 billion acquisition of MediaOne Group—the others were selling its 25.5% share of Time Warner Entertainment and dropping 11.8 million cable customers.
Both companies were independent spinoffs of TCI, though Liberty already owned 90% of both companies after the exchange for Sprint PCS stock.
For example, it was the largest shareholder in News Corporation (though the founding Murdoch family owns more voting shares), and had a 4% stake in Time Warner.
Liberty negotiated an asset swap with News Corp. and Time Warner that would give it control of DirecTV and the Atlanta Braves baseball team.
On February 12, 2007, the deal was completed with Time Warner wherein Liberty would receive the Atlanta Braves and a group of craft magazines, along with $1 billion in cash in exchange for 60 million shares of Time Warner stock (valued at $1.27 billion as of market close on February 12, 2007).
On February 20, 2008, the Federal Communications Commission approved the exchange of 16.3% of News Corp. for 38.4% of DirecTV, an $11 billion deal that also gave Liberty sports networks in Denver, Pittsburgh and Seattle plus $550 million in cash.
In April 2007, Liberty completed a purchase of Green Bay, Wisconsin, television station WFRV-TV, and satellite station WJMN-TV in Escanaba, Michigan, which serves the Marquette, Michigan, market.
The deal was part of a swap of 7.59 million shares of common stock in CBS, the stations' owner, that was held by Liberty Media; in exchange for the stock, CBS gave liberty the stations and $170 million in cash.
On February 17, 2009, Liberty announced that it would invest up to $530 million into the struggling Sirius XM Radio Inc., in a structured deal that would help the satellite radio provider avoid filing bankruptcy protection by meeting its obligations.
The deal provided two board seats for Liberty Media, and provided cash for operations and development, with a maturity date of December 2012 for the loan.
On March 6, the two companies approved the second part of the deal, with Sirius XM getting $250 million immediately and Liberty receiving 12.5 million shares of preferred stock convertible into a 40% ownership of Sirius XM common stock.
The company agreed in March 2013 to pay $2.62 billion for 27.3% of Charter Communications from Apollo Management, Oaktree Capital Management and Crestview Partners with the provision that Liberty would not increase its stake past 35% until after January 2016 but no more than 39.99%.
On September 3, 2008, Liberty Media decided to initiate the process of spinning off Liberty Entertainment to Liberty Media shareholders, leaving Malone with a majority ownership of the new company.
On May 4, 2009, The DirecTV Group Inc. said it would become a part of Liberty's entertainment unit, part of which would then be spun off as a separate company called DirecTV.
The new company would also acquire Liberty's one hundred percent interests in the three FSN networks and its 50% interest in GSN.
On May 4, 2009, Liberty announced that it would split off Liberty Entertainment, Inc., a subsidiary owning the three Fox Sports Net (FSN) channels (now Root Sports) acquired under the swap with News Corp. and Liberty's 65% interest in GSN, into a separate company that would merge with The DirecTV Group, reducing Liberty owner John Malone's stake in DirecTV to 24%.
The merger was completed on November 19, 2009, with The DirecTV Group and Liberty Entertainment becoming subsidiaries of a new company named DirecTV.
On June 16, 2010, Malone exchanged his preferred stock in DirecTV with equivalent amounts of common stock, reducing his voting interest in the company from 24% to 3%, with Malone resigning as chairman and ending his managerial role at DirecTV.
His birth was registered without his middle name in the Ormskirk registration district of Lancashire and Fearn was educated at King George V Grammar School, Southport and had a career in banking.
He served late into the 2010s as a Sefton Metropolitan Borough councillor and had been such on its predecessor body Merseyside County Council, achieving over 50 years of continuous service, elected as a Liberal and for its successor party the Liberal Democrats.
He was the Liberal and later Liberal Democrat MP for Southport from 1987 to 1992 and 1997 to 2001, after unsuccessfully contesting the seat at the four 1970s general elections.
He received a life peerage and joined the House of Lords as Baron Fearn, of Southport in the County of Merseyside, in 2001.
A flower box is a type of container in the form of a planter or box that is usually placed outdoors and used for displaying live plants and flowers, but it may also be used for growing herbs or other edible plants.
It is usually placed or affixed to an accessible location so the resident of a home may easily work with the plants in the container.
A flower box may be installed under a window and supported in place by brackets on the wall below, in which case it may be called a window box.
Flower boxes may also be used to line decks, patios, porches, steps, and sidewalks and they can even be hung from railings.
Wood, brick, metal, fiberglass and cellular PVC can all be used in flower box construction, with wood being a classical material of choice.
PVC is a plastic that is a rot proof alternative to wood, and is often used on homes to prevent rot or siding damage.
Sometimes a box is placed inside a kitchen window in order to grow herbs or other supplies for a chef as an easily accessed miniature kitchen garden.
Grassmann's law, named after its discoverer Hermann Grassmann, is a dissimilatory phonological process in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit which states that if an aspirated consonant is followed by another aspirated consonant in the next syllable, the first one loses the aspiration.
In reduplication, which forms the perfect tense in both Greek and Sanskrit, if the initial consonant is aspirated, the prepended consonant is unaspirated by Grassmann's law.
The fact that deaspiration in Greek took place after the change of Proto-Indo-European to and the fact that all other Indo-European languages do not apply Grassmann's law both suggest that it was developed separately in Greek and Sanskrit (although quite possibly by areal influence spread across a then-contiguous Graeco-Aryan–speaking area) and so it was not inherited from Proto-Indo-European.
Also, Grassmann's law in Greek also affects the aspirate < developed specifically in Greek but not in Sanskrit or most other Indo-European.
The evidence from other languages is not strictly negative: many branches, including Sanskrit's closest relative, Iranian, merge the Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirated and unaspirated stops and so it is not possible to tell if Grassmann's law ever operated in them.
In Koine Greek, in cases other than reduplication, alternations involving labials and velars have been completely levelled, and Grassmann's law remains in effect only for the alternation between and , as in the last two examples above.
Thus, alongside the pair 'fast' : 'faster', displaying Grassmann's law, Greek has the pair 'thick' : 'thicker' from the Proto-Indo-European etymon (established by cognate forms like Sanskrit 'abundant' since is the only point of intersection between Greek and Sanskrit ) in which the in the comparative is a result of levelling.
When an , a word edge, or various other sounds immediately follows, the second aspiration is lost, and the first aspirate therefore survives (, ).
If a vowel follows the second aspirate, the second aspirate survives unaltered, and the first aspiration is thus lost by Grassmann's law (, ).
However, the consensus among contemporary historical linguists is that the former explanation (underlying representation) is the correct one, as aspiration throwback would require multiple root shapes for the same basic root in different languages whenever an aspirate follows in the next syllable ( for Sanskrit, for Greek, for Proto-Germanic and Proto-Italic which have no dissimilation), but the underlying diaspirate allows for a single root shape, with for all languages.
In the later course of Sanskrit, under the influence of the grammarians, aspiration throwback was applied to original mono-aspirate roots by analogy.
Thus, from the verb root ('to plunge'), the desiderative stem is formed by analogy with the forms (a desiderative form) and (a nominal form, both from the root 'to be awake', originally Proto-Indo-European ).
The linguist Ivan Sag has pointed out an advantage of the ancient Indian theory: it explains why there are no patterns like hypothetical ~ , which are not ruled out by the underlying diaspirate theory.
However, aspiration fails to account for reduplication patterns in roots with initial aspirates, such as Greek 'I put', with an unaspirated reduplicated consonant.
From a diachronic standpoint, the absence of these patterns in Greek is explained by the Proto-Indo-European constraint against roots of the form .
A similar phenomenon occurs in Meitei (a Tibeto-Burman language) in which an aspirated consonant is deaspirated if preceded by an aspirated consonant (including ) in the previous syllable.
The line was built by Imperial Russia using a concession from the Qing dynasty, and linked Chita with Vladivostok in the Russian Far East.
The T-shaped line consisted of three branches: the western branch, now the Harbin–Manzhouli Railway, the eastern branch, now the Harbin–Suifenhe Railway, and the southern branch, now part of the Beijing–Harbin Railway, which intersected in Harbin.
The railway and the concession, known as the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone, were administered from the city, which grew into a major rail hub.
The southern branch of the CER, which became the Japanese South Manchuria Railway in 1906, became the locus and partial casus belli for the Russo-Japanese War, the 1929 Sino-Soviet Conflict, and the Second Sino-Japanese War.
The Chinese Eastern Railway, a single-track line, provided a shortcut for the world's longest railroad, the Trans-Siberian Railway, from near the Siberian city of Chita, across northern inner Manchuria via Harbin to the Russian port of Vladivostok.
In 1896 China granted a construction concession through northern Inner Manchuria under the supervision of Vice Minister of Public Works Xu Jingcheng.
Work on the CER began in July 1897 along the line Tarskaya (east of Chita) — Hailar — Harbin — Nikolsk-Ussuriski, and accelerated drastically after Russia concluded a 25-year lease of Liaodong from China in 1898.
Officially, traffic on the line started in November 1901, but regular passenger traffic from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok across the Trans-Siberian railway did not commence until July 1903.
In 1898, construction of a 550-mile (880 km) spur line, most of which later formed the South Manchuria Railway, began at Harbin, leading southwards through Eastern Manchuria, along the Liaodong Peninsula, to the ice-free deep-water port at Lüshun, which Russia was fortifying and developing into a first-class strategic naval base and marine coaling station for its Far East Fleet and Merchant Marine.
This town was known in the west as Port Arthur, and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) was fought largely over who would possess this region and its excellent harbor, as well as whether it would remain open to traders of all nations (Open Door Policy).
Until the Circumbaikal portion was completed (1904–1905; double-tracked, 1914), goods carried on the Trans-Siberian Railway had to be trans-shipped by ferry almost a hundred kilometers across the lake (from Port Baikal to Mysovaya).
After the establishment of Manchukuo it was known as the North Manchuria Railway until 23 March 1935, when the USSR sold its rights to the railway to the Manchukuo government; it was then merged into the Manchukuo National Railway and converted to standard gauge in four hours on 31 August.
In 1952, the Soviet Union transferred (free of charge) all of its rights to the Chinese Changchun Railway to the People's Republic of China.
The flag was changed again in 1925 and 1932, with the flag of the Soviet Union and the flag of Manchukuo added.
Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron (17 August 1754 – 15 July 1802) was a French politician, journalist, representative to the National Assembly, and a representative on mission during the French Revolution.
His father was a prominent journalist and popular opponent of the philosophes and encyclopédistes, his most notable opponent being Voltaire (who openly considered Elie his enemy), and it is surmised that his father's history of conflict with the state over freedom of the press heavily influenced Louis Fréron's political views.
He attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, where his father held a faculty position, together with the likes of Maximilien Robespierre and Camille Desmoulins.
In it, he wrote radical denunciations of counter-revolutionaries much like those written by Jean-Paul Marat and Camille Desmoulins, and in fact the three of them aided each other in editing their papers.
His first real taste of rabble-rousing came in the form of collaboration with Desmoulins to incite the storming of the Bastille.
Soon after, he was elected as representative to the Bonne-Nouvelle district of the newly formed Paris Commune, where it seems he was minimally active before returning to his role as a journalist.
Aside from his writings in his paper, he openly collaborated with Marat and agreed to fund and write half of Desmoulins paper.
Also, Fréron's relationship with Desmoulins brought him to the cause of the Cordeliers and prompted his involvement with the attack on Tuileries palace of 1792 (the insurrection of the Paris crowds against the House of Bourbon, and their battle with the Swiss Guards).
Fréron remained infamous as an enforcer of the Reign of Terror but came into contact with Napoleon Bonaparte, still just a young artillery officer, who had been stationed there.
Augustin Robespierre and Antoine Christophe Saliceti, two representatives on mission, responded favourably to Napoleon's request (bypassing his commander, Jean François Carteaux) to seize the peninsula fort from the British and install artillery on a promontory overlooking the bay in order to fire on the British fleet at anchor.
An infantry attack led by Bonaparte was repelled, due chiefly to Carteaux lowering the number of men allocated to Napoleon for the attack.
He subsequently attempted to curtail Napoleon's career by insuring he would not command another larger attack on the British fort that was being planned, posting him to command the reserves instead.
Napoleon had previously introduced Fréron to his sister Pauline Bonaparte with whom he had a relationship until Pauline was married off to General Charles Leclerc in 1797.
Failing as suitor for the hand of Pauline Bonaparte, in 1801 he was sent by Napoleon, now first consul, to Saint Domingue and died there from yellow fever in 1802.
General Charles Leclerc, who had married Pauline Bonaparte, also received a command in Saint Domingue in 1801 (during the last stage of the Haitian Revolution), and died the same year.
His international debuts followed soon thereafter, and Milnes became one of the world's prominent Verdi baritones of the 1970s and 1980s.
Although his interests did not always lean toward opera, he spent many hours singing to his father's cows and was once found on a tractor practicing an operatic laugh.
While in high school, Milnes planned to be an anesthesiologist, but later returned to music, studying music education at Drake University and Northwestern University, with the idea of becoming a teacher.
From 1958 until 1963, he was a member of the Chicago Symphony Chorus under the direction of Margaret Hillis, performing several times under the baton of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's sixth music director, Fritz Reiner.
After graduating from Drake, he spent a summer as an apprentice at the Santa Fe Opera and thereafter dedicated himself to becoming an opera singer, studying briefly with the famed soprano Rosa Ponselle.
Milnes was the leading baritone at the Met during the 1970s, singing to great acclaim there, especially for his performances in Verdi operas.
Milnes was awarded Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity's Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award at its 1982 national convention in Urbana, Illinois.
On July 5, 1986, he performed on the New York Philharmonic's tribute to the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty, which was televised live by ABC.
In September 1996, Milnes was honored by the French government with the distinguished Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
Milnes was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State’s highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 2003 in the area of The Performing Arts.
Milnes has been a resident of Cresskill, New Jersey, and currently resides in Palm Harbor, Florida with his wife and son, Theo.
In 2001, Milnes and his wife, soprano Maria Zouves, founded the VOICExperience Foundation, a non-profit organization for the education of young singers.
It evolved from a series of master classes led by Milnes, Tony Randall, Martina Arroyo and Barry Tucker, president of the Richard Tucker Music Foundation.
In New York City, the foundation runs the Opera As Drama program, a week-long career development program for emerging professional opera singers which culminates in a public performance at Opera America's National Opera Center.
Deutsche Bank AG () is a global multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany and dual-listed in New York Stock Exchange and Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Deutsche Bank is one of the nine Bulge Bracket banks and is the 17th largest bank in the world by total assets.
The company is a universal bank resting on three pillars – the Private & Commercial Bank, the Corporate & Investment Bank (CIB) and Asset Management (DWS).
It subsequently played a large part in developing Germany's industry, as its business model focused on providing finance to industrial customers.
The bank's statute was adopted on 22 January 1870, and on 10 March 1870 the Prussian government granted it a banking licence.
Prior to the founding of Deutsche Bank, German importers and exporters were dependent upon British and French banking institutions in the world markets—a serious handicap in that German bills were almost unknown in international commerce, generally disliked and subject to a higher rate of discount than English or French bills.
Its first oversea offices opened in Shanghai in 1872 and London in 1873 followed by South American offices between 1874 and 1886.
The branch opening in London, after one failure and another partially successful attempt, was a prime necessity for the establishment of credit for the German trade in what was then the world's money centre.
Major projects in the early years of the bank included the Northern Pacific Railroad in the US and the Baghdad Railway (1888).
In Germany, the bank was instrumental in the financing of bond offerings of steel company Krupp (1879) and introduced the chemical company Bayer to the Berlin stock market.
For Deutsche Bank, domestic branches of its own were still something of a rarity at the time; the Frankfurt branch dated from 1886 and the Munich branch from 1892, while further branches were established in Dresden and Leipzig in 1901.
Gentle pressure from the Foreign Ministry played a part in the establishment of Deutsche Ueberseeische Bank in 1886 and the stake taken in the newly established Deutsch-Asiatische Bank three years later, but the success of those companies in showed that their existence made sound commercial sense.
The bank played a significant role in the establishment of the film production company, UFA, and the merger of Daimler and Benz.
The bank merged with other local banks in 1929 to create Deutsche Bank und DiscontoGesellschaft, at that point the biggest ever merger in German banking history.
The shortage of liquidity that paralyzed the banks was fuelled by a combination of short-term foreign debt and borrowers no longer able to pay their debts.
In subsequent years, Deutsche Bank took part in the aryanization of Jewish-owned businesses; according to its own historians, the bank was involved in 363 such confiscations by November 1938.
Deutsche Bank provided banking facilities for the Gestapo and loaned the funds used to build the Auschwitz camp and the nearby IG Farben facilities.
In December 1999 Deutsche, along with other major German companies, contributed to a US$5.2 billion compensation fund following lawsuits brought by Holocaust survivors.
The history of Deutsche Bank during the Second World War has since been documented by independent historians commissioned by the Bank.
These 10 regional banks were later consolidated into three major banks in 1952: Norddeutsche Bank AG; Süddeutsche Bank AG; and Rheinisch-Westfälische Bank AG.
In the 1970s, the bank pushed ahead with international expansion, opening new offices in new locations, such as Milan (1977), Moscow, London, Paris and Tokyo.
In 1989, the first steps towards creating a significant investment-banking presence were taken with the acquisition of Morgan, Grenfell & Co., a UK-based investment bank.
By the mid-1990s, the buildup of a capital-markets operation had got under way with the arrival of a number of high-profile figures from major competitors.
Bankers Trust suffered major losses in the summer of 1998 due to the bank having a large position in Russian government bonds, but avoided financial collapse by being acquired by Deutsche Bank for $10 billion in November 1998.
This made Deutsche Bank the fourth-largest money management firm in the world after UBS, Fidelity Investments, and the Japanese post office's life insurance fund.
At the time, Deutsche Bank owned a 12% stake in DaimlerChrysler but United States banking laws prohibit banks from owning industrial companies, so Deutsche Bank received an exception to this prohibition through 1978 legislation from Congress.
Deutsche continued to build up its presence in Italy with the acquisition in 1993 of Banca Popolare di Lecco from Banca Popolare di Novara for about $476 million.
The Deutsche Bank Building in Lower Manhattan, formerly Bankers Trust Plaza, was heavily damaged by the collapse of the South Tower of the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
The following year, Josef Ackermann became CEO of Deutsche Bank and served as CEO until 2012 when he became involved with the Bank of Cyprus.
Meanwhile, in Europe, Deutsche Bank increased its private-banking business by acquiring Rued Blass & Cie (2002) and the Russian investment bank United Financial Group (2005) founded by the United States banker Charles Ryan and the Russian official Boris Fyodorov which followed Anshu Jain's aggressive expansion to gain strong relationships with state partners in Russia.
Jain persuaded Ryan to remain with Deutsche Bank at its new Russian offices and later, in April 2007, sent the President and Chairman of the Management Board of VTB Bank Andrey Kostin's son Andrey to Deutsche Bank's Moscow office.
These formed part of an overall growth strategy that also targeted a sustainable 25% return on equity, something the bank achieved in 2005.
When Citibank, Manufacturers Hanover, Chemical, Bankers Trust, and 68 other entities refused to financially support Donald Trump in the early 1990s, Donald Trump heavily relied upon Deutsche Bank for financial backing from its commercial real estate division since the mid-1990s.
A few years after Trump sued Deutsche Bank for $3 billion in 2008, Trump shifted his financial portfolio from the investment banking division to the private wealth division with Rosemary Vrablic, formerly of Citigroup, Bank of America, and Merrill Lynch, becoming Trump's new and current personal banker at Deutsche Bank.
The bank's exposure at the time of sale was more than $4 billion, however it sold the property to Blackstone Group for $1.73 billion.
Deutsche Bank was one of the major drivers of the collateralized debt obligation (CDO) market during the housing credit bubble from 2004 to 2008, creating about $32 billion worth.
The 2011 US Senate Permanent Select Committee on Investigations report on Wall Street and the Financial Crisis analyzed Deutsche Bank as a case study of investment banking involvement in the mortgage bubble, CDO market, credit crunch, and recession.
It concluded that even as the market was collapsing in 2007, and its top global CDO trader was deriding the CDO market and betting against some of the mortgage bonds in its CDOs, Deutsche bank continued to churn out bad CDO products to investors.
The report focused on one CDO, Gemstone VII, made largely of mortgages from Long Beach, Fremont, and New Century, all notorious subprime lenders.
Deutsche Bank put risky assets into the CDO, like ACE 2006-HE1 M10, which its own traders thought was a bad bond.
It also put in some mortgage bonds that its own mortgage department had created but could not sell, from the DBALT 2006 series.
The CDO was then aggressively marketed as a good product, with most of it being described as having A level ratings.
By 2009 the entire CDO was almost worthless and the investors (including Deutsche Bank itself) had lost most of their money.
Greg Lippmann, head of global CDO trading, was betting against the CDO market, with approval of management, even as Deutsche was continuing to churn out product.
He was one of the first traders to foresee the bubble in the CDO market as well as the tremendous potential that CDS offered in this.
As regards the Gemstone VII deal, even as Deutsche was creating and selling it to investors, Lippman emailed colleagues that it 'blew', and he called parts of it 'crap' and 'pigs' and advised some of his clients to bet against the mortgage securities it was made of.
Lippman called the CDO market a 'ponzi scheme', but also tried to conceal some of his views from certain other parties because the bank was trying to sell the products he was calling 'crap'.
It worked with Elliot Advisers on one of them; Elliot bet against the CDO even as Deutsche sold parts of the CDO to investors as good investments.
On 3 January 2014 it was reported that Deutsche Bank would settle a lawsuit brought by US shareholders, who had accused the bank of bundling and selling bad real estate loans before the 2008 downturn.
This settlement came subsequent and in addition to Deutsche's $1.93 billion settlement with the US Housing Finance Agency over similar litigation related to the sale of mortgage backed securities to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Former employees including Eric Ben-Artzi and Matthew Simpson have claimed that during the crisis Deutsche failed to recognise up to $12bn of paper losses on their $130bn portfolio of leveraged super senior trades, although the bank rejects the claims.
Deutsche had become the biggest operator in this market, which were a form of credit derivative designed to behave like the most senior tranche of a CDO.
Deutsche bought insurance against default by blue-chip companies from investors, mostly Canadian pension funds, who received a stream of insurance premiums as income in return for posting a small amount of collateral.
The bank then sold protection to US investors via the CDX credit index, the spread between the two was tiny but was worth $270m over the 7 years of the trade.
It was considered very unlikely that many blue chips would have problems at the same time, so Deutsche required collateral of just 10% of the contract value.
The risk of Deutsche taking large losses if the collateral was wiped out in a crisis was called the gap option.
In October 2008 they stopped modelling the gap option and just bought S&P put options to guard against further market disruption, but one of the whistleblowers has described this as an inappropriate hedge.
A model from Ben-Artzi's previous job at Goldman Sachs suggested that the gap option was worth about 8% of the value of the trades, worth $10.4bn.
According to the bank's own statistics the credit risks in these countries are about €18 billion (Italy) and €12 billion (Spain).
For the 2008 financial year, Deutsche Bank reported its first annual loss in five decades, despite receiving billions of dollars from its insurance arrangements with AIG, including US$11.8 billion from funds provided by US taxpayers to bail out AIG.
Based on a preliminary estimation from the European Banking Authority (EBA) in October 2011, Deutsche Bank AG needed to raise capital of about €1.2 billion (US$1.7 billion) as part of a required 9 percent core Tier 1 ratio after sovereign debt writedown starting in mid-2012.
It needs to get its common equity tier-1 capital ratio up to 12.5% in 2018 to be marginally above the 12.25% required by regulators.
Deutsche Bank's Capital Ratio Tier-1 (CET1) was reported in 2015 to be only 11.4%, lower than the 12% median CET1 ratio of Europe's 24 biggest publicly traded banks, so there would be no dividend for 2015 and 2016.
In June 2015, the then co-CEOs, Jürgen Fitschen and Anshu Jain, both offered their resignations to the bank's supervisory board, which were accepted.
The appointment of John Cryan as joint CEO was announced, effective July 2016; he became sole CEO at the end of Fitschen's term.
In January 2016, Deutsche Bank pre-announced a 2015 loss before income taxes of approximately €6.1 billion and a net loss of approximately €6.7 billion.
In November 2018, the bank had their Frankfurt offices raided by police in connection with ongoing investigations around the Panama papers and money laundering.
News headlines in late June 2019 claimed that the bank would cut 20,000 jobs, over 20% of its staff, in a restructuring plan.
It was reported in January 2020 that Deutsche Bank had decided to cut the bonus pool at its investment branch by 30% following restructuring efforts.
Beginning in February 2012, the bank has been led by two co-CEOs; in July 2015 it announced it would be led by one CEO beginning in 2016.
Its shares are traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and, since 2001, also on the New York Stock Exchange and are included in various indices, including the DAX and the Euro Stoxx 50.
As the share had lost value since mid-2015 and market capitalization had shrunk to around EUR 18 billion, it temporarily withdrew from the Euro Stoxx 50 on August 8, 2016.
The bank's business model rests on three pillars – the Corporate & Investment Bank (CIB), the Private & Commercial Bank and Asset Management (DWS).
Deutsche Bank holds a majority stake in the listed asset manager DWS Group (formerly Deutsche Asset Management), which was separated from the bank in March 2018.
Deutsche Bank in general as well as specific employees have frequently figured in controversies and allegations of deceitful behavior or illegal transactions.
As of 2016, the bank was involved in some 7,800 legal disputes and calculated €5.4 billion as litigation reserves, with a further €2.2 billion held against other contingent liabilities.
Six former employees were accused of being involved in a major tax fraud deal with CO emission certificates, and most of them were subsequently convicted.
It was estimated that the sum of money in the tax evasion scandal might have been as high as €850 million.
According to the Wall Street Journal's page one report, Deutsche Bank had prepared a list of names of 20 people who it wished investigated for criticism of the bank, including Michael Bohndorf (an activist investor in the bank) and Leo Kirch (a former media executive in litigation with bank).
According to the Wall Street Journal, the bank's legal department was involved in the scheme along with its corporate security department.
The bank has since hired Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton, a New York law firm, to investigate the incidents on its behalf.
In May 2009, Deutsche Bank informed the public that the executive management had learned about possible violations which occurred in past years of the bank's internal procedures or legal requirements in connection with activities involving the bank's corporate security department.
Deutsche Bank immediately retained the law firm Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton in Frankfurt to conduct an independent investigation and informed the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin).
The principal findings by the law firm, published in July 2009, are as follows: Four incidents that raise legal issues such as data protection or privacy concerns have been identified.
In all incidents, the activities arose out of certain mandates performed by external service providers on behalf of the Bank's Corporate Security Department.
And there is no indication that present members of the Management Board have been involved in any activity that raise legal issues or have had any knowledge of such activities.
The bank has initiated steps to strengthen controls for the mandating of external service providers by its Corporate Security Department and their activities.
In 2013, the CEOs Anshu Jain and Jürgen Fitschen as well as the major shareholders of Deutsche Bank were awarded the Black Planet Award of the Foundation Ethics & Economics (Ethecon Foundation).
On 23 April 2015, Deutsche Bank agreed to a combined US$2.5 billion in fines – a US$2.175 billion fine by American regulators, and a €227 million penalty by British authorities – for its involvement in the Libor scandal uncovered in June 2012.
It was one of several banks described as colluding to fix interest rates used to price hundreds of trillions of dollars of loans and contracts worldwide, including mortgages and student loans.
The fine represented a record for interest rate related cases, eclipsing a $1.5 billion Libor related fine to UBS, and the then-record $450 million fine assessed to Barclays earlier in the case.
The size of the fine reflected the breadth of wrongdoing at Deutsche Bank, the bank's poor oversight of traders, and its failure to take action when it uncovered signs of abuse internally.
In January 2017, Deutsche Bank agreed to a $7.2 billion settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice over its sale and pooling of toxic mortgage securities in the years leading up to the 2008 financial crisis.
As part of the agreement, Deutsche Bank was required to pay a civil monetary penalty of $3.1 billion and provide $4.1 billion in consumer relief, such as loan forgiveness.
At the time of the agreement, Deutsche Bank was still facing investigations into the alleged manipulation of foreign exchange rates, suspicious equities trades in Russia, as well as alleged violations of U.S. sanctions on Iran and other countries.
Since 2012, Deutsche Bank had paid more than €12 billion for litigation, including a deal with U.S. mortgage-finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
On 5 November 2015, Deutsche Bank was ordered to pay US$258 million (€237.2 million) in penalties imposed by the New York State Department of Financial Services and the United States Federal Reserve Bank after the bank was caught doing business with Burma, Libya, Sudan, Iran, and Syria which were under US sanctions at the time.
According to the US federal authorities, Deutsche Bank handled 27,200 US dollar clearing transactions valued at more than US$10.86 billion (€9.98 billion) to help evade US sanctions between early 1999 until 2006 which are done on behalf of Iranian, Libyan, Syrian, Burmese, and Sudanese financial institutions and other entities subject to US sanctions, including entities on the Specially Designated Nationals by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
In response to the penalties, the bank will pay US$200 million (€184 million) to the NYDFS while the rest (US$58 million; €53.3 million) will go to the Federal Reserve.
In addition to the payment, the bank will install an independent monitor, fire six employees who were involved in the incident, and ban three other employees from any work involving the bank's US-based operations.
The bank is still under investigation by the US Justice Department and New York State Department of Financial Services into possible sanctions violations relating to the 2014–15 Ukrainian crisis and its activities within Russia.
Environmentalists criticize Deutsche Bank for co-financing the controversial Dakota Access Pipeline, which is planned to run close to an Indian reservation and is seen as a threat to their livelihood by its inhabitants.
In January 2017, the bank was fined $425 million by the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) and £163 million by the UK Financial Conduct Authority regarding accusations of laundering $10 billion out of Russia.
Deutsche Bank is widely recognized as being the largest creditor to real-estate-mogul-turned-politician Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States, holding more than US$360 million in outstanding loans to the candidate in the months prior to his 2016 election.
Deutsche Bank's role in, and possible relevance to, Trump and Russian parties cooperating to elect him was reportedly under investigation by Special Counsel Robert Mueller.
, Deutsche Bank's relationship with Trump was reportedly also under investigation by two U.S. congressional committees and by the New York attorney general.
On 29 April 2019, President Donald Trump, his business, and his children Donald Trump Jr., Eric Trump and Ivanka Trump sued Deutsche Bank and Capital One bank to block them from turning over financial records to congressional committees that have issued subpoenas for the information.
On 22 May 2019, judge Edgardo Ramos of the federal District Court in Manhattan rejected the Trump suit against Deutsche Bank, ruling the bank must comply with congressional subpoenas.
Six days later, Ramos granted Trump's attorneys their request for a stay so they could pursue an expedited appeal through the courts.
In December 2019 the Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Deutsche Bank must release Trump's financial records, with some exceptions, to congressional committees; Trump was given seven days to seek another stay pending a possible appeal to the Supreme Court.
One specialist noted money moving from Kushner Companies to Russian individuals and flagged it in part because of the bank's previous involvement in a Russian money laundering scheme.
On November 19, 2019, Thomas Bowers, a former Deutsche Bank executive and head of American wealth management, was reported to have committed suicide in his Malibu home.
Bowers had been in charge of overseeing and personally signing over $360 million in high-risk loans for U.S. president Donald Trump's National Doral Miami resort.
The loans had been subject to criminal investigation by special council Robert Mueller in his investigation of the president's 2016 campaign involvement in Russian election meddling.
Documents on those loans have also been subpoenaed from Deutsche Bank by the House Democrats together with financial documents of the president.
A relationship between Bowers’ suicide and his responsibilities has not been established and the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner - Coroner has closed the case giving no indication to wrongdoings by third parties.
Deutsche Bank lent money and traded currencies for the well-known sex offender Jeffrey Epstein up to May 2019, long after Epstein's 2008 guilty plea in Florida to soliciting prostitution from underage girls, according to news reports.
On 1 June 2018, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) announced that criminal cartel charges were expected to be laid by the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) against ANZ Bank, its Group Treasurer Rick Moscati, along with Deutsche Bank, Citigroup and a number of individuals.
On 19 November 2018, a whistleblower on alleged money-laundering activities undertaken by Danske Bank stated that a large European bank was involved in helping Danske process $150 billion in suspect funds.
Although the whistleblower, Howard Wilkinson, did not name Deutsche Bank directly, another inside source claimed the institute in question was Deutsche Bank's U.S. unit.
Deutsche Bank didn't admit or deny the investigation findings but agreed to pay disgorgement of more than $44.4 million in ill-gotten gains plus $6.6 million in prejudgment interest and a penalty of $22.2 million.
U.S. prosecutors are investigating Deutsche Bank's role in a multibillion-dollar fraud scandal involving the 1Malaysia Development Berhad, or 1MDB, according to news reports in July 2019.
The history of China and its administrative divisions is long and convoluted; hence, this chart will cover only capitals after the completion of the Mongol conquest of China in 1279, because the modern province ( ) was first created during the Mongol Yuan dynasty.
A selection of country subdivisions and their capitals before 1279 can be found in the article History of the political divisions of China.
The list includes current and former provinces, as well as other first-level units that have been used over the course of China's recent history, such as autonomous regions, military command zones during the Qing dynasty, and so forth.
The Champlain Bridge () was a steel truss cantilever bridge with approach viaducts constructed of prestressed concrete beams supporting a prestressed concrete deck paved with asphalt.
Together with the Jacques Cartier Bridge, it was administered by the Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated (JCCBI), a Canadian Crown Corporation which reports to Infrastructure Canada.
During rush hour one lane of those heading off the island in the morning, and onto the island in the evening, was used as a reserved bus lane for buses to be able to head in the opposite direction.
On August 17, 1955, Federal Transport Minister George Marler announced the planned construction of a new bridge connecting Montreal to the South Shore via Nun's Island.
The city's existing bridges (Victoria, Cartier, and Mercier) had become inadequate to support the amount of traffic that carried residents from the growing South Shore suburbs into Montreal.
Through several lengthy meetings and consultations in the fall of 1955, the location for the bridge and its approaches were selected.
Originally, the plan had been to build the bridge with only 4 lanes, with room for further expansion to 6 lanes.
In 1967, the final approach to the bridge on the Montréal side was completed when the Bonaventure Expressway was opened to traffic.
The toll was collected until 1990, when the Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated (JCCBI), which took over jurisdiction of the bridge a dozen years earlier, removed the toll plaza.
Montreal's climate subjects the Champlain Bridge to wintry cold, snowfall, and windy conditions, as well as contrasting hot and humid summer conditions, all of which accelerate damage to the bridge.
The problems associated with the design and maintenance of the Champlain Bridge have thus advanced the useful life of several structural components.
The design and construction of the structure prevent the isolation of outdated elements and replace them with new ones, as can be done on other structures.
The pressure exerted by the reinforced beams on the ends of the trimmers then required the reinforcement of the latter by steel rods under tension.
In 2009, the Government of Canada announced in its 2009 Economic Action Plan that it would be allocating $212million to renew the bridge.
And in March 2011, the Government of Canada announced $158million would be spent on a major repair and maintenance program as concerns mount it is at risk of collapse.
Since 2009, JCCBI has been conducting a major repair program to extend the usefulness of the Champlain Bridge while ensuring the safety of users.
In 2010, JCCBI — the Federal agency that oversees the structure — retained international engineering firm Delcan to carry out an expert study of the bridge's structural health.
The CBC Television and Télévision de Radio-Canada, among other news agencies, have published segments highlighting concerns over conditions of surface roads in Montreal and the Champlain Bridge in particular.
As part of a 2014–2017 Edge girder reinforcement program, 94 modular trusses and six shoring systems were installed to stabilize the condition of the bridge girders.
Smoked beer () is a type of beer with a distinctive smoke flavour imparted by using malted barley dried over an open flame.
Even though kiln drying of malt, using indirect heat, did not enter into widespread usage until the industrial era, the method was known as early as the first century BC.
Also, there have been various methods over the years of preparing cereal grains for brewing, including making beer from bread, so smoked beer was not universal.
Beginning in the 18th century, kiln drying of malt became progressively more common and, by the mid-19th century, had become the near-universal method for drying malted grain.
Since the kiln method shunts the smoke away from the wet malt, a smoky flavour is not imparted to the grain, nor to the subsequent beer.
As a result, smoke flavour in beer became less and less common, and eventually disappeared almost entirely from the brewing world.
Due to the craft beer revolution in recent years, industrially made, smoke-flavored malts became available, and so the style has a renaissance worldwide and even in its heartland Franconia and Bamberg.
In Chile, Cervecería La Montaña produces Yuta, a smoked Munich dunkel (5,6% abv) with traditional German ingredients, although it doesn't follow the classic base beer styles from Bamberg's rauchbiers.
In the Netherlands, Emelisse produces a traditional German-style Rauchbier, as well as a smoked porter and a peated imperial Russian stout.
In New Zealand, Yeastie Boys produce a heavily-peated single malt golden ale called Rex Attitude (7%) and a stronger single malt barley wine, using the same malt, called xeRRex.
The New Paltz Brewing Company (Pfälzerbräu) in the Hudson Valley, NY makes both a Rauchbier Lager and a Rauchweizen (Smoked Wheat Beer).
In the United Kingdom, Meantime Brewery produces Winter Time, a smoked old ale, and Kelham Island Brewery in Sheffield Brooklyn Smoked Porter in association with Brooklyn Brewery.
Adnams bottles a Smoked Ruby (4.7% ABV) using cherry wood and has brewed a similar, limited edition, 1659 Smoked Ruby Ale to commemorate the 1659 fire of Southwold.
In 2000, prior to his retirement as an MP he was made a member of the Privy Council on the recommendation of Tony Blair.
After the 2001 election he was elevated to the peerage on 4 July as Baron Pendry, of Stalybridge in the County of Greater Manchester under the Life Peerages Act 1958.
Pendry was a Councillor on Paddington Borough Council in London from 1962 to 1965 (when the borough was abolished), representing Harrow Road South.
He was elected to Parliament in 1970 for Stalybridge and Hyde, which at the time covered areas in Cheshire and Lancashire, and subsequently became part of Greater Manchester.
In James Callaghan's administration between 1976 and 1979 Pendry served as a junior Lord Commissioner of the Treasury (assistant government whip) and subsequently as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
In 1979 he returned to the backbenches until he was appointed to the post of Shadow Minister for Sport and Tourism by Rt.
When the Labour government came to power in 1997, Pendry was the only member of the shadow team not to be appointed to a government post.
On 21 July 1995, the Labour-controlled Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council, the local authority which had administered the area covered by the Stalybridge and Hyde constituency since 1974, made Pendry an honorary Freeman of the borough.
A young Pendry learnt boxing at the hands of a Benedictine monk, becoming an Oxford Blue and boxing for the RAF.
Kingham was educated at Dartford Grammar School for Girls, and gained a BA from Royal Holloway, University of London, a PGCE from the University of East Anglia and a Master's degree in Egyptian Archaeology from University College London.
She ran as the Labour candidate for the European Parliament seat of the Cotswolds in 1994, but lost to the long-serving Conservative incumbent MEP, Lord Henry Plumb, however she succeeded in cutting Plumb's majority from 45,678 in 1989 to just 4,268 at that election.
Kingham was elected as MP for Gloucester in 1997, but retired from Parliament in disillusionment after just one term, having complained publicly about the antiquated ways of working in the Palace of Westminster.
Whilst in Parliament, Kingham successfully campaigned to change laws to protect firefighters and to get a nationwide cystic fibrosis screening programme for newborn babies.
After leaving Westbourne Street Boy’s School at 15, he worked as a shipwright before undertaking night classes and eventually graduating from Hull and Heriot-Watt Universities with a PhD and undertaking an academic career in Scotland.
Godman first stood for election to the House of Commons at the 1979 general election when he contested Aberdeen South, but lost to the Conservative incumbent Iain Sproat by 772 votes.
Renowned for his humility and integrity, he was a champion of the shipbuilding industry, particularly the Scott Lythgow yard on the lower Clyde.
On Northern Ireland, he championed an inquiry into Bloody Sunday and privately lobbied Tony Blair for Lord Cullen to chair an inquiry.
Godman served on the House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee (1983–87), the European Legislation Committee (1989–95), the Northern Ireland Committee for a year and the Foreign Affairs Committee (1997-2001).
”An old-fashioned socialist whose values were marked by a belief in social justice and world peace, he argued for his values with a consistency which always made him a prisoner of his own conscience.
Ponsonby cited Godman’s stand on abortion rights as an example of how he was willing to put his principles over his self-advancement, noting that he at one stage faced serious pressure from Catholic opponents who threatened his pre-selection over the issue.
His wife was Trish Godman, who was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for West Renfrewshire constituency from the 1999 Scottish Parliament election until her retirement in 2011.
The town is located on corridors of different transportation modes: The N34 (Zwolle - Emmen), the Zwolle - Emmen railway and the Almelo - de Haandrik canal.
In the 'Cultuur Historisch Informatie Centrum Vechtdal' (The Historical and Cultural Center of Vechtdal), in the centre of Gramsbergen, several archaeological artifacts are exhibited.
As an independent municipality, Gramsbergen comprised the centres of Gramsbergen and and the hamlets Ane, Anerveen, Anevelde, , , and .
Georges Auguste Couthon (22 December 1755 – 28 July 1794) was a French politician and lawyer known for his service as a deputy in the Legislative Assembly during the French Revolution.
Couthon was elected to the Committee of Public Safety on 30 May 1793 and served as a close associate of Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just until his arrest and execution in 1794 during the period of the Reign of Terror.
Couthon played an important role in the development of the Law of 22 Prairial, which was responsible for a sharp increase in the number of executions of accused counter-revolutionaries.
The skills he acquired enabled him to serve on the Provincial Assembly of Auvergne in 1787, his first experience of politics.
While doctors diagnosed Couthon with meningitis in 1792, Couthon blamed his paralysis on the frequent sexual experiences of his youth; although he began treating his condition with mineral baths, he grew so weak by 1793 that he was confined to a wheelchair driven by hand cranks via gears.
He was a very proficient speaker, and there is evidence that he exploited his condition as a paraplegic in order to gain the ear of the Assembly on issues he found important.
His relationship with Dumouriez caused Couthon to consider joining the Girondist faction of the Assembly briefly, but after the Girondist electors of the Committee of the Constitution refused Couthon a seat on the Committee in October 1792, he ultimately committed himself to the Montagnards and the inner group formed around Maximilien Robespierre - a man with whom he shared many opinions.
On 30 May 1793, Couthon was elected to the Committee of Public Safety, where he would work closely with Robespierre and Saint-Just in the planning of policy strategy and policing personnel.
He was suspicious of the unrest in Lyon upon his arrival, and would not allow the Jacobins of the local administration to meet with one another, fearing an uprising.
On 12 October 1793, the Committee of Public Safety passed a decree that they believed would make an example of Lyon.
Following the decree, Couthon established special courts that would supervise the demolition of the richest homes in Lyon, leaving the homes of the poor untouched.
In addition to the demolition of the city, the decree dictated that the rebels and the traitors were to be executed.
Eventually, he would find that he could not stomach the task at hand, and by the end of October, he requested the National Convention to send a replacement.
Republican atrocities in Lyon began after Couthon was replaced on 3 November 1793 by Jean Marie Collot d'Herbois, who would go on to condemn 1,880 Lyonnais by April 1794.
He contributed to the prosecution of the Hébertists and continued serving on the Committee of Public Safety for the next several months.
On 10 June 1794 (22 Prairial Year II on the French Republican Calendar), Couthon drafted the Law of 22 Prairial with the aid of Robespierre.
On the pretext of shortening proceedings, the law deprived the accused of the aid of counsel and of witnesses for their defense in the case of trials before the Revolutionary Tribunal.
Couthon proposed the law without consulting the rest of the Committee of Public Safety, as both Couthon and Robespierre expected that the Committee would not be receptive to it.
Robespierre assisted Couthon in his arguments by subtly implying that any member of the Convention who objected to the new bill should fear being exposed as a traitor to the republic.
Both Couthon and Robespierre would be seen as dictators due to their vehement defense of the Law of 22 Prairial, and popular opinion would turn against them in the coming weeks.
In Paris alone, compared to an average of 5 executions that was the norm two months earlier (Germinal), 17 executions would take place daily during Prairial, with 26 occurring daily during the following month of Messidor.
Between the passing of the Law of 22 Prairial (10 June 1794) and the end of July 1794, 1,515 executions took place at the Place du Trône-Renversé, now Place de la Nation, more than half of the final total of 2,639 executions that occurred between March 1793 and August 1794.
During the crisis preceding the Thermidorian Reaction, Couthon showed considerable courage, giving up a journey to Auvergne in order, as he wrote, that he might either die or triumph with Robespierre and liberty.
Robespierre had disappeared from the political arena for an entire month because of a supposed nervous breakdown, and therefore did not realize that the situation in the Convention had changed.
In a panic of self-preservation, the Convention called for the arrest of Robespierre and his affiliates, including Couthon, Saint-Just and Robespierre's own brother, Augustin Robespierre.
Couthon was guillotined on 10 Thermidor alongside Robespierre, although it took the executioner fifteen minutes (amidst Couthon's screams of pain) to arrange him on the board correctly due to his paralysis.
Aside from his actions in Lyon, it is perhaps the creation of the Law of 22 Prairial, and the number of individuals who would be executed due to the law, that has become his lasting legacy.
Following the acceptance of Couthon's new decree, executions increased from 134 people in early 1794 to 1,376 people between the months of June and July in 1794.
The Law of 22 Prairial also allowed tribunals to target noblemen and members of the clergy with reckless abandon, as the accused no longer could call character witnesses on their behalf.
Couthon's lawmaking not only greatly increased the rate of executions across France, but also brought the Terror away from mere counter-revolutionary acts and closer to social discrimination than ever before.
He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in PPE in 1977; the BA was later promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Oxon) degree.
He was the head of the London office of Morgan Futures from 1981-4, then the head of the Sterling and Arbitrage Swaps Desk from 1984 to 1986.
He then fought the Truro by-election in March 1987 following the death of David Penhaligon, when Matthew Taylor comfortably held the seat for the Liberals.
He stood again in Truro at the 1987 general election, more than halving the Liberal majority, but slipped back at the 1992 general election.
Following the retirement of long-serving Conservative MP and former minister David Howell, St Aubyn was selected as Conservative candidate for Guildford in preparation for the 1997 general election.
Withstanding the national landslide against his party, he held the seat with a reduced majority over the Liberal Democrats, but at the 2001 election he narrowly lost the seat to the Liberal Democrat Sue Doughty.
St Aubyn married Jane Brooks on 26 April 1980 and they have two sons (Henry and Edward) and three daughters (Kitty, Alice and Camilla).
Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member of the House of Lords.
After heading One Hare Court, he became head of chambers of Serle Court, in Lincoln's Inn when the two merged in 1999.
Lord Neill left Serle Court in 2008 to join his elder brother Sir Brian Neill, a former Court of Appeal judge, at 20 Essex Street.
He was Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University from 1985 till 1989, and played a major part in the University's decision to undertake The Campaign for Oxford.
Having been knighted in 1983, Neill was made a Life Peer as Baron Neill of Bladen, of Briantspuddle in the County of Dorset, on 28 November 1997.
He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until 18 May 2016, at which point he ceased to be a member pursuant to section 2 of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, having failed to attend during the whole of the 2015–16 session without being on leave of absence.
In number theory an ideal number is an algebraic integer which represents an ideal in the ring of integers of a number field; the idea was developed by Ernst Kummer, and led to Richard Dedekind's definition of ideals for rings.
This means that there is an element of the ring of integers of the Hilbert class field, which is an ideal number, such that the original nonprincipal ideal is equal to the collection of all multiples of this ideal number by elements of this ring of integers that lie in the original field's ring of integers.
Kummer first published the failure of unique factorization in cyclotomic fields in 1844 in an obscure journal; it was reprinted in 1847 in Liouville's journal.
Kummer's 1844 memoir was in honor of the jubilee celebration of the University of Königsberg and was meant as a tribute to Jacobi.
Although Kummer had studied Fermat's Last Theorem in the 1830s and was probably aware that his theory would have implications for its study, it is more likely that the subject of Jacobi's (and Gauss's) interest, higher reciprocity laws, held more importance for him.
On the other hand, this latter pronouncement was made when Kummer was still excited about the success of his work on reciprocity and when his work on Fermat's Last Theorem was running out of steam, so it may perhaps be taken with some skepticism.
The extension of Kummer's ideas to the general case was accomplished independently by Kronecker and Dedekind during the next forty years.
A direct generalization encountered formidable difficulties, and it eventually led Dedekind to the creation of the theory of modules and ideals.
Kronecker dealt with the difficulties by developing a theory of forms (a generalization of quadratic forms) and a theory of divisors.
Dedekind's contribution would become the basis of ring theory and abstract algebra, while Kronecker's would become major tools in algebraic geometry.
Petrie Bowen Wells (born 4 August 1935), known as Bowen Wells, is a retired British Conservative Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertford and Stevenage then Hertford and Stortford from 1979 until 2001.
After boundary changes in the 1983 general election, he served as MP for Hertford and Stortford until the 2001 general election when he retired.
From 1982 until 1983, Wells served in Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Government as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Minister of State for Employment Michael Alison.
He then served twice in John Major's Government; as PPS to Minister of State for Public Transport Roger Freeman from 1992 until 1994, and as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from 1995 until 1997.
Operation Castle was a United States series of high-yield (high-energy) nuclear tests by Joint Task Force 7 (JTF-7) at Bikini Atoll beginning in March 1954.
Conducted as a joint venture between the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Department of Defense (DoD), the ultimate objective of the operation was to test designs for an aircraft-deliverable thermonuclear weapon.
Public reaction to the tests and an awareness of the long-range effects of nuclear fallout has been attributed as being part of the motivation for the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963.
Since then, American nuclear weapons testing had moved to the Enewetak Atoll to take advantage of generally larger islands and deeper water.
The extremely high yields of the Castle weapons caused concern within the AEC that potential damage to the limited infrastructure already established at Enewetak would delay other operations.
The complex dewar mechanisms needed to store the liquid deuterium at cryogenic temperatures made the device three stories tall and 82 tons in total weight, far too heavy and bulky to be a usable weapon.
The final result incorporated lithium deuteride as the fusion fuel in the Teller-Ulam design, vastly reducing size and weight and simplifying the overall design.
A solid at room temperature, LiD, if it worked, would be far more practical than the cryogenic liquid deuterium fuel in the Ivy Mike device.
Even though they were much less practical because of the logistical problems dealing with the transport, handling, and storage of a cryogenic device, the Cold War arms race drove the demand for a viable fusion weapon.
Even though it used lithium fuel for fission boosting, the principal reaction material in the second stage was uranium and plutonium.
Similar to the Teller-Ulam configuration, a nuclear fission explosion was used to create high temperatures and pressures to compress a second fissionable mass.
Although the U-238 isotope of uranium will not sustain a chain reaction, it still fissions when irradiated by the intense fast neutron flux of a fusion explosion.
Because U-238 is plentiful and has no critical mass, it can be added in (in theory) almost unlimited quantities as a tamper around a fusion bomb, helping to contain the fusion reaction and contributing its own fission energy.
It was discovered, because of the unexpected larger yield, that the Li-7 in the device also undergoes breeding that produces tritium.
The intense thermal flash ignited a fire at a distance of on the island of Eneu (base island of Bikini Atoll).
The ensuing fallout contaminated all of the atoll, so much so, that it could not be approached by JTF-7 for 24 hours after the test, and even then exposure times were limited.
As the fallout spread downwind to the east, more atolls were contaminated by radioactive calcium ash from the incinerated underwater coral banks.
Although the atolls were evacuated soon after the test, 239 Marshallese on the Utirik, Rongelap, and Ailinginae Atolls were subjected to significant levels of radiation.
Follow-up studies of the contaminated individuals began soon after the blast as Project 4.1, and though the short-term effects of the radiation exposure for most of the Marshallese were mild and/or hard to correlate, the long-term effects were pronounced.
Using natural lithium and a heavily modified Teller-Ulam configuration, the test produced only 110 kiloton of an expected 1.5 megaton yield.
While engineers at the Radiation Laboratory had hoped it would lead to a promising new field of weapons, it was eventually determined that the design allowed premature heating of the lithium fuel, thereby disrupting the delicate fusion conditions.
There, he lost the previously Labour-held seat to the Liberal candidate Cyril Smith at a by-election in 1972, and was again defeated by Smith at the subsequent general election in February 1974.
Cunliffe served as the Member of Parliament for Leigh from 1979 until he retired from the House of Commons at the 2001 general election.
Weber's compositions blend chamber jazz, European classical music, minimalism and ambient music, and are regarded as characteristic examples of the ECM Records sound.
Weber's music, often in a melancholic tone, frequently utilizes ostinatos, yet is highly organized in its colouring and attention to detail.
During this period, Weber also played and recorded with pianists Hampton Hawes and Mal Waldron, guitarists Baden Powell de Aquino and Joe Pass, The Mike Gibbs Orchestra, violinist Stephane Grappelli, and many others.
In the mid-1970s Weber formed his own group, Colours, with Charlie Mariano (soprano saxophone, flutes), Rainer Brüninghaus (piano, synthesizer) and Jon Christensen (drums).
On the occasion of his 65th birthday, in March, 2005 he recorded Stages of a Long Journey, a live concert with the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra and featuring Gary Burton, Wolfgang Dauner and Jan Garbarek.
A former Member of Parliament (MP) and government minister, he was made a life peer in 1997 and is now a member of the House of Lords.
In the 1981 Birthday Honours Ryder was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), for political service.
Having unsuccessfully fought the Labour seat of Gateshead East in February and October 1974, Ryder was elected at the 1983 general election as MP for the Mid Norfolk constituency.
The maverick MPs, known as the Maastricht Rebels, were under intense pressure from the government whips but still brought the administration of John Major close to collapse.
Ryder retired from the House of Commons at the 1997 general election, and was created a life peer as Baron Ryder of Wensum, of Wensum in the County of Norfolk on 22 November 1997.
One of Ryder's first acts as Chairman was to give a televised statement, during which he offered an unreserved apology for the mistakes made during the Dr. Kelly affair.
In the same statement Ryder announced that the process to select a new Chairman had begun, and that he would not be putting his name forward.
Michael Grade was appointed on 2 April 2004 and took up his post on 17 May; Ryder resumed the post of Vice-Chairman.
The Hunt Museum holds a personal collection donated by the Hunt family, it was originally situated in the University of Limerick, before being moved to its present location in the Georgian Custom House in 1997.
The Custom House is situated on Rutland Street on the banks of the River Shannon at its confluence with the Abbey River.
Among the museum's collection are works by notable artists and designers such as Pablo Picasso, Jack B. Yeats, and Sybil Connolly as well as distinctive historical items such as the O'Dea Mitre and Crozier.
As antique dealers and advisors to collectors, John and Gertrude Hunt built a thriving business and also began to acquire pieces that reflected their own interests and curiosity rather than for commercial purposes.
During the latter stages of John's life, they became increasingly aware of the scale of their collection and wished that it would remain intact, so they began to search for a permanent home for it.
Fortunately they met Professor Patrick Doran of the National Institute of Higher Education (now University of Limerick) and Dr Edward Walsh, the Institute's President, who agreed to house a substantial part of the collection on a temporary basis.
During this period the Irish Government had declined the offer of the Hunt's collection, so the requirement to find a suitable home and owner to take responsibility for the artifacts became more urgent.
The Hunt Museums Trust was established in 1974 to hold the Collection and the property at Craggaunowen (a 16th-century four-storey tower house, typical of late medieval Ireland, purchased and restored by John and Gertrude Hunt) in trust on behalf of the people of Ireland.
The trust established The Hunt Museum Ltd., the sole purpose of which was the establishment of a permanent home for the museum.
Under the chairmanship of Dr Tony Ryan, this company provided the necessary energy to create the museum as we see it today.
A public private partnership involving the University of Limerick, Shannon Development, Limerick Corporation and the Department of Arts, Heritage, the Gaeltacht and the Islands, linked with local business interests secured the historic 18th-century former Customs House in Limerick city together with the funds to restore and renovate the building to international museum standards.
It was a moment of great celebration for all concerned but, unfortunately, neither John nor Gertrude Hunt had lived to realise their dream.
The Custom House is regarded as the most distinguished eighteenth century building in Limerick and it is also rather unusual in comparison to other Georgian buildings in the city in that the exterior of the building is limestone rather than red brick.
Both the 'Captain's Room' and 'Red Staircase' are elegant examples of Georgian architecture within the building and are testament to the optimism that the city experienced during the period of development and expansion in the late 18th century.
Ducart also designed several other Palladian-style buildings in Ireland including Castletown Cox in Co. Kilkenny and Florence Court in Co. Fermanagh.
The Limerick Custom House was the administrative centre for the Revenue Commissioners (including Customs and Excise) in Limerick and it was also the home of the Customs Collector in the eighteenth century.
In the 1840s with the introduction of a new postal system a Penny Post Office was opened in the Custom House.
The anniversary of the opening of The Hunt Museum is celebrated annually as 'Open Day' with free admission, talks, tours, workshops and other activities.
The collection includes the Antrim Cross (an early 9th-century cast bronze and enamel cross), dresses by Irish designer Sybil Connolly, drawings by Picasso and a bronze horse once thought to be a design by Leonardo da Vinci for a large monument.
Some of the Hunt collection is also on display at the nearby Craggaunowen in County Clare, which was also greatly contributed to by John and Gertrude Hunt.
John Hunt was extremely interested in early Christian art and artifacts and he collected them widely, so the museum collection held many religious items from rosary beads to statues of varying sizes, from not just Ireland but from around Europe.
The Museums 'Treasury Room' houses a great number of these items and among the artifacts in this room are the beautiful Arthur Cross and Arthur Chalice.
Also found in the collection were significant medieval Christian pieces such as the Antrim Cross, the Cashel Bell, and the Hohenzollern Crucifix.
Included in the plan to house the Hunt collection in the custom house was also an idea for a purpose built modern gallery space.
It was completed as a part of the renovation of the Custom House and is regularly used for temporary exhibitions that accompany the permanent collection.
In 2011 a lifesize model of a horse, painted by young people aged 10–18 was placed outside the front of the building.
In December 2003, the Simon Wiesenthal Center alleged in a letter to President Mary McAleese that the museum's collection contained items looted by the Nazis during the Second World War, although the letter did not refer to any specific items in the collection.
An inquiry led by former Supreme Court judge Donal Barrington was set up by the museum, but its members resigned in February 2005, saying that the museum's funding made an independent inquiry impossible, and requesting that a more appropriate inquiry be created.
The Department of Arts then provided €150,000 in funding for a second inquiry led by former civil servant Seán Cromien, under the auspices of the Royal Irish Academy (RIA).
The second inquiry was due to submit an interim report to the Royal Irish Academy in November 2005 and did so in February 2006.
Meantime, in October 2005, the museum published a catalogue of its exhibits on the internet, providing full details of all the items in its collection.
At this conference, a message was conveyed from Shimon Samuels, who had sent the original letter to Mary McAleese, questioning why he had not been invited to the seminar.
Later, the terms of reference of the Hunt Museum Evaluation Group were questioned, the Simon Wiesenthal Center believing that more emphasis should have been placed on investigating the purported Nazi links of the Hunt family and the Hunt Museum Evaluation Group believing that this lay beyond their terms of reference, which were to do with provenance research.
Christopher John Fred Gill RD (born 28 October 1936) is a politician in the United Kingdom, and a former member of the National Executive Committee of the UK Independence Party (UKIP).
Gill was born in Wolverhampton, where he later became a local councillor, and was educated locally at Birchfield Preparatory School, then at Shrewsbury School.
During the course of Parliamentary sessions up to 2001, Gill voted in favour of giving greater autonomy to schools, against removing hereditary peers from the House of Lords, and against equal rights for homosexuals.
In 2006, Gill announced that he had joined the UK Independence Party (UKIP), having endorsed the party's policies at the 2004 European Parliament election.
He stood for Ludlow as a UKIP candidate at the 2010 general election, coming fourth with 2,127 votes, 4.4% of the total, losing his deposit but almost tripling the 2005 vote.
After teaching law at the University of New Brunswick and Dalhousie Law School, Chris Axworthy came to Saskatoon in 1984 as the founding executive director of the Centre for the Study of Co-operatives and as a professor of law at the University of Saskatchewan.
In 2003 he returned to the University of Saskatchewan as a professor of law, where he taught until the spring of 2008.
In the spring of 2008, he was appointed as Dean of Robson Hall (Faculty of Law - University of Manitoba) for a five-year term beginning on July 1, 2008.
In May 2010, Axworthy assumed the position as the Founding Dean of Law at Thompson Rivers University's new law school, which opened in Fall 2011.
He was elected as a Saskatchewan Member of Parliament for the New Democratic Party in 1988 and was re-elected in 1993 and 1997.
He resigned from the House of Commons on June 1, 1999 to join the cabinet of then Saskatchewan Premier Roy Romanow.
He was elected as an MLA in a by-election as the Saskatchewan NDP MLA for the constituency of Saskatoon-Fairview with 64% of the vote.
Although he was an NDP member for his political career, he announced his bid for the Liberal nomination in the riding of Saskatoon—Wanuskewin on March 5, 2004.
This archipelago separates two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Kara Sea in the west and the Laptev Sea in the east.
Severnaya Zemlya was first noted in 1913 and first charted in 1930–32, making it the last sizeable archipelago on Earth to be explored.
In Soviet times there were a number of research stations in different locations, but currently there are no human inhabitants in Severnaya Zemlya except for the Prima Polar Station near Cape Baranov.
Until recently, ice joined the islands to Eurasia, even at its smallest extent during the late summer melt season, blocking the Northeast Passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific.
By the late summer of 2012, however, the permanent ice had reached a record low extent and open water appeared to the south of the archipelago.
Although located not far off the northern coast of Russia, nested among Arctic ice-locked waters, the archipelago that is now known as Severnaya Zemlya was not formally recorded until the 20th century.
Earlier explorers deemed that there was a land mass in the general area of the archipelago, such as in the report by Matvei Gedenschtrom and Yakov Sannikov made in 1810 at the time of their exploration of the New Siberian Islands.
Later in the 19th century Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld during the Vega Expedition sailed very close to this land in 1878 but did not notice it.
In 1882, Danish Arctic explorer and naval officer Andreas Peter Hovgaard, leader of the Arctic survey Dijmphna Expedition, set himself the goal of discovering land north of Cape Chelyuskin and explore the unknown northeastern limits of the Kara Sea.
However, Hovgaard was prevented from accomplishing his objectives after having become trapped in thick ice and his expedition was unable to reach even the Taymyr Peninsula's shores.
The expedition was privately financed and was launched in 1910, being led by Boris Vilkitsky on behalf of the Russian Hydrographic Service.
This venture accomplished its goal of exploring the uncharted areas of the continental side of the Northern Sea Route in what was seen as the culmination of the Great Northern Expedition, an ambitious enterprise initially conceived by emperor Peter I the Great in order to map the whole of the northern coast of Russia to the east.
On 3 September 1913 (22 August 1913 in the Julian calendar used by Russia at the time), members of Vilkitsky's expedition landed on what is now known as Cape Berg on October Revolution Island.
During the days that followed Vilkitsky's expedition charted parts of the Laptev Sea coast of what they believed to be a single island.
In the spring of 1931 Georgy Ushakov, accompanied by the geologist Nikolay Urvantsev, the veteran surveyor Sergei Zhuravlev, and the radio operator Vasily Khodov thoroughly surveyed Severnaya Zemlya during a two-year expedition to the archipelago.
Ushakov and his team established a small base at Golomyanny – the western end of Sredniy Island, off October Revolution Island's western coast.
Even though German communists had endured suffering under the Third Reich, following the anti-German sentiment caused by the 1941–1945 German-Soviet War in the USSR some features of the geography of Severnaya Zemlya that had been previously named in solidarity with German Communism saw their names altered to Russian or neutral-sounding names – e.g.
During the Cold War, the islands of Severnaya Zemlya continued to be studied by a team of geologists from NIIGA (the Scientific Research Institute of Arctic Geology) in St. Petersburg.
Administratively Severnaya Zemlya was part of the Taymyr Autonomous Okrug until this okrug was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai on 1 January 2007.
Severnaya Zemlya comprises four major islands – October Revolution, Bolshevik, Komsomolets, and Pioneer – and around 70 smaller islands, covering a total area of about .
Four of the main islands are largely glaciated, October Revolution, Komsomolets, and Pioneer, as well as the smaller Schmidt Island at the northwestern limit.
The highest point of the archipelago is Mount Karpinsky, the summit of the Karpinsky Glacier, an ice dome on October Revolution Island.
The Red Army Strait separates Komsomolets Island from October Revolution Island and the broader Shokalsky Strait Bolshevik Island from October Revolution Island.
This archipelago encloses the northern limits of the Kara Sea on its western shores, together with Novaya Zemlya, located roughly to the southwest.
The large rivers Ob and Yenisei, among others, flow from the south into this marginal sea area of the Arctic Ocean, with their abundant waters contributing to a climate with relatively high precipitation despite the prevalent extreme cold temperatures of the high latitude.
The most active glacier fronts are the eastern side of the Academy of Sciences Glacier at Krenkel Bay as well as its southern side.
The largest glacier is the Academy of Sciences Glacier in Komsomolets, which is also the largest ice cap of Russia —a and thick ice dome reaching above sea level covering about two-thirds of the surface of the island.
The Podemnaya River and the Bolshaya River drain to the northwest between the Vavilov and Albanov glaciers, and the Bedovaya and Obryvistaya Rivers drain to the north between Albanov and Rusanov.
Bolshevik Island (, ) is the southernmost and second largest island in the group, located across the Shokalsky Strait from October Revolution Island.
Parts of the shore of the island are deeply indented, with Mikoyan Bay in the north and Solnechny Bay in the south, as well as fjords such as the large Akhmatov Fjord, and the smaller Thaelmann Fjord, Spartak Fjord and Partizan Fjord.
Only about 30% of the island is covered by glaciers while the coastal plains have a sparse vegetation of moss and lichen.
The Leningrad Glacier, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Glacier, Kropotkin Glacier, Mushketov Glacier and Aerosyomki Glacier are located in the interior of the island and do not reach the sea.
Komsomolets Island () is the northernmost island of the Severnaya Zemlya group in the Russian Arctic, and the third largest island in the group.
The soil of the island is mostly composed of loose loam and sand, a tundra desert scattered with mosses and lichens.
It is the westernmost of the large islands of the Severnaya Zemlya group and is separated from Komsomolets Island by the Yuny Strait.
Owing to its exposed position, the climate in the Schmidt Island's area is much colder than in the rest of the archipelago.
There are also many small coastal islands and islets in different locations, such as Krupskoy to the west of Pioneer and Naydenysh () near Cape Anuchin in October Revolution Island.
The Sedov Archipelago, formerly known as Sergey Kamenev Islands, is located just west of October Revolution Island on the Kara Sea side.
The Krasnoflotskiye Islands were first sighted and mapped in August 1932 by the expedition of the All-Union Arctic Institute on icebreaker Rusanov.
This is a small group including two main islands located in the Laptev Sea, off the far southeastern end of Bolshevik Island.
Lishniy Island () is a coastal island located on the eastern side of the mouth of Akhmatov Fjord, southeast of Cape Unslicht, off Bolshevik Island's northern end at .
A deep round lake with a diameter of is located in the western part of the island and is connected to the sea by a small channel.
The archipelago sees large temperature fluctuations during winter months, as low-pressure cyclonic activity originating in the North Atlantic make their way across the Arctic, bringing precipitation and higher temperatures.
Snowfall in summer is common as temperatures hover around , although higher temperatures occur when warm air masses move north from Siberia.
According to a survey of prior observations by De Korte, Volkov, and Gavrilo, thirty-two bird species have been observed on Severnaya Zemlya, 17 of which are known to breed on the islands.
The Salisbury Convention (officially called the Salisbury Doctrine, the Salisbury-Addison Convention or the Salisbury/Addison Convention) is a constitutional convention in the United Kingdom under which the House of Lords will not oppose the second or third reading of any government legislation promised in its election manifesto.
From the Liberal split over the Irish Home Rule Bill 1886 until the effects of the House of Lords Act 1999 the second chamber had a Conservative majority (or, in later years, quasi-majority given the overall tendency of the crossbenchers to side with Conservatives) so manifesto commitments of the Liberal Party and Labour Party could not be sure of passing.
Since the Lords threw out the Liberal budget in 1909, there had been a convention that they do not interfere on financial matters.
In the Parliament Act 1911 the peers lost their right to vote down a financial measure and their veto over other measures was reduced to a two-year delaying power, later reduced to one year by the Parliament Act 1949.
A Conservative majority of Lords used their maximum power, of delaying via wrecking amendments, certain Bills tabled by the 1929-1931 minority Labour ministry.
At the point of the landslide Labour general election victory in 1945, 16 of more than 761 peers qualified to sit in the House of Lords were Labour-affiliated.
As Clement Attlee's Labour government had a clear electoral mandate to deliver the policies of nationalisation and welfare state measures, supporters and commentators supposed that the unelected House of Lords would not oppose the second reading of such legislation.
Ministers and ex-ministers in the Lords echoed that the destruction and social plight caused by World War II called for more state spending.
However, Lord Salisbury, Conservative Leader in the Lords, offered a lasting statement of principles, now regarded as a constitutional convention, as to the etiquette of how the House of Lords should treat bills fulfilling manifesto promises.
After the Labour general election victory in 2005, the Liberal Democrats indicated that they did not feel bound by the Salisbury Convention as a result of decreasing voter turnout, the low share of the vote received by the Government, and the changes to the composition of the House of Lords introduced in 1999 by the Labour Government.
It is mooted that during minority governments and post-election coalitions in which the main party in government does not have a clear majority the Convention does not hold; somewhat enhancing the Lords' power to delay and suggest redrafting of bills.
In 2006, Tony Blair appointed his ex-Home Secretary, elevated to the Lords, Lord Cunningham to chair a joint committee (of both Houses) to investigate possibilities of formalising numerous conventions including the Salisbury Convention.
Christopher James Fraser, OBE (born 25 October 1962) is a former British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Mid Dorset and North Poole from the 1997 general election to 2001 and South West Norfolk from 2005 to 2010.
Fraser was elected to the House of Commons at the 1997 general election for the new seat of Mid Dorset and North Poole with a majority of 681.
Although his percentage of the vote increased, Fraser was edged out by the Liberal Democrats by 384 votes, after a tactical voting campaign urging Dorset residents to cast their votes in the best way to defeat the incumbent Conservatives and saw his defeat, along with that of Ian Bruce in neighbouring South Dorset.
He returned to Westminster at the 2005 general election for South West Norfolk following the retirement of the former Secretary of State for Education Gillian Shephard.
He held the seat with a comfortable majority of 10,086, and managed to achieve a small swing of 0.3 over Labour.
Following his re-election in 2005 he was a member of the Northern Ireland select committee and was appointed to the Northern Ireland Grand Committee.
He was a member of the UK delegation to the Council of Europe and the Assembly of the Western European Union (2005–2007).
On 28 May 2009 he announced that he would be standing down as an MP at the next General Election citing family reasons.
Fraser was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for public and political service.
The British Columbia Party is a right-wing political party in the Canadian province of British Columbia, founded in 1998 as a populist party by John Motiuk, a North Vancouver lawyer.
It nominated two candidates for the 2005 provincial election: David Andrew Wright, who won 185 votes (0.86% of the total) in Delta North, and Jack Kortmeyer, who won 169 votes (1.39% of the total) in Bulkley Valley-Stikine.
The party was one of five whose members merged to form the British Columbia Unity Party, but like all but one of the others, the party later left BC Unity.
The party ran three candidates in the 2013 general election: Carra-Lynn Hodgson in North Vancouver-Lonsdale, Trevor Hendry in Skeena, and Jim Laurence in Surrey-White Rock.
Mitton, a popular former radio talk show host, had run as a candidate for Social Credit in 2001, winning over 17% of the vote in his riding.
The philosophy of the British Columbia Party is rooted in traditional conservatism: the protection and preservation of whatever is beneficial, respect for the individual, economic responsibility, and government which is enabling, not restrictive.
He was a close friend of Maximilien Robespierre and served as his most trusted ally during the period of Jacobin rule (1793–94) in the French First Republic.
Saint-Just worked as a legislator and a military commissar, but he achieved a lasting reputation as the face of the Reign of Terror.
He publicly delivered the condemnatory reports that emanated from Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety and defended the use of violence against opponents of the government.
He supervised the arrests of some of the most famous figures of the Revolution and saw many of them off to the guillotine.
Shortly after reaching the minimum legal age of 25 in August 1792, he won election as a deputy to the National Convention in Paris.
Despite his lack of record or influence, Saint-Just boldly denounced King Louis XVI from the speaker's rostrum and spearheaded a successful movement to have him executed.
Along the way he was a primary draftsman of radical Jacobin legislation such as the Ventôse Decrees and the Constitution of 1793.
He publicly denounced enemies of the Jacobin government as conspirators, criminals, and traitors, and he was ruthless in his application of violence.
He prepared death sentences for the centrist deputy Jacques Pierre Brissot and his fellow Girondins; for the extremist demagogue Jacques Hébert and his militant supporters; and for his own former colleague Georges Danton and other Jacobin critics of the Terror.
Saint-Just and Robespierre were arrested in the bloody coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) and executed the next day along with many of their allies.
In most histories of the Revolution, their deaths at the guillotine mark the end of the Reign of Terror and the beginning of a new phase, the Thermidorean Reaction.
He was the eldest child of Louis Jean de Saint-Just de Richebourg (1716–1777), a retired French cavalry officer (and knight of the Order of Saint Louis), and Marie-Anne Robinot (1736–1811), the daughter of a notary.
The family later moved north and in 1776 settled in the village of Blérancourt in the former Picardy province, establishing themselves as a countryside noble family living off the rents from their land.
After a promising start, his teachers soon viewed Saint-Just as a troublemaker—a reputation later compounded by infamous stories (almost certainly apocryphal) of how he led a students' rebellion and tried to burn down the school.
She was the daughter of a wealthy notary, a powerful and autocratic figure in the town; he was still an undistinguished adolescent.
Though no evidence of their relationship exists, official records show that on 25 July 1786, Thérèse was married to Emmanuel Thorin, the scion of a prominent local family.
Whatever his true state, it is known that a few weeks after the marriage he abruptly left home for Paris unannounced having gathered up a pair of pistols and a good quantity of his mother's silver.
After a year, however, he drifted away from law school and returned to his mother's home in Blérancourt penniless, without any occupational prospects.
During his stay at the reformatory, he began writing a lengthy poem that he published anonymously more than two years later in May 1789 at the very outbreak of the Revolution.
The poem, a medieval epic fantasy relaying the quest of young Antoine Organt, extols the virtues of primitive man, praising his libertinism and independence while blaming all present-day troubles on modern inequalities of wealth and power.
The public's taste for literature had shifted in the prelude to the Revolution, and Saint-Just's taste shifted along with it: he devoted his future writing almost entirely to unadorned essays of sociopolitical theory, aside from a few pages of an unfinished novel found amidst his papers at the end of his life.
With his previous ambitions of literary and lawyerly fame unfulfilled, Saint-Just directed his focus on the single goal of revolutionary command.
The notary Gellé, previously an undisputed town leader, was challenged by a group of reformists who were led by several of Saint-Just's friends, including the husband of his sister Louise.
Mandated by the National Constituent Assembly, the new electoral structure allowed Saint-Just's friends to assume authority in the village as mayor, secretary, and, in the case of his brother-in-law, head of the local National Guard.
At local meetings he moved attendees with his patriotic zeal and flair: in one much-repeated story, Saint-Just brought the town council to tears by thrusting his hand into the flame of a burning anti-revolutionary pamphlet, swearing his devotion to the Republic.
His writing style had shed all satire and now reflected the stern and moralizing tone of classical Romans so adored by French revolutionaries.
Instead, he heaped his praise upon the people's representatives in the Legislative Assembly, whose sober virtue would guide the Revolution best.
On 21 June 1791, just days after it was published, all attention became focused on King Louis XVI's ill-fated flight to Varennes.
The episode fostered public anger toward the King which simmered all year until a Parisian mob finally attacked the Tuileries Palace on 10 August 1792.
In response, the Assembly declared itself ready to step down ahead of schedule and called for a new election, this one under universal male suffrage.
He waited until 13 November 1792 to give his first speech to the Convention, but when he did the effect was spectacular.
Robespierre was particularly impressed—he spoke from the lectern the next day in terms almost identical to those of Saint-Just, and their views became the official position of the Jacobins.
By December, that position had become law: the King was taken to a trial before the Convention, sentenced to death, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793.
Because the first French Constitution had included a role for the king, it was long since invalid and needed to be updated for the Republic.
Many drafts had circulated within the Convention since Louis XVI's execution, and Saint-Just submitted his own lengthy proposal on 24 April 1793.
His draft incorporated the most common assertions of the others: the right to vote, the right to petition, and equal eligibility for employment were among the basic principles that made his draft tenable.
He stood out from the pack, however, on the issue of elections: Saint-Just argued against all complex voting systems, and supported only the classical style of a simple majority of citizens in a nationwide vote.
When no plan gained enough votes to pass, a compromise was made which tasked a small body of deputies as official constitutional draftsmen.
In recognition of the importance of their mission, the draftsmen were all added to the powerful new Committee of Public Safety.
The Convention had given the Committee extraordinary authority to provide for state security since the outbreak of the French Revolutionary War in early 1793.
Committee members were originally intended to serve for periods of only thirty days before replacements were elected, so they needed to work quickly.
Before the end of his first term the new document was completed, submitted to the Convention, and ratified as law on 24 June 1793.
Even if he wanted to see it implemented, emergency measures for wartime were in effect, and those measures called for (or provided cover for) a moratorium on constitutional democracy.
Wartime gave supreme power to the sitting Convention, with the Committee of Public Safety at the top of its administrative pyramid.
On 2 June 1793, in a mass action supported by National Guardsmen, they surrounded the Convention and arrested the Girondin deputies.
Saint-Just had previously remained silent about the Girondins, but now clearly stood with Robespierre who had been thoroughly opposed to most of them for a long time.
In its secret negotiations, the Committee of Public Safety was initially unable to form a consensus concerning the jailed deputies, but as some Girondins fled to the provinces and attempted to incite an insurrection, its opinion hardened.
The proceedings dragged on for months, but Brissot and twenty of his allies were eventually condemned and sent to the guillotine on 31 October 1793.
Saint-Just used their situation to gain approval for intimidating new laws, culminating in the Law of Suspects (17 September 1793) which gave the Committee vast new powers of arrest and punishment.
Results were not sufficiently forthcoming, so at the end of the month Saint-Just was sent there along with an ally from the Convention, Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas.
Within a short time, many officers were dismissed and many more, including at least one general, were executed by firing squad.
Among soldiers and civilians alike, Saint-Just repressed opponents of the Revolution, but he did not agree to the mass executions ordered by some of the other deputies on the mission.
Local politicians were just as vulnerable to him: even Eulogius Schneider, the powerful leader of Alsace's largest city, Strasbourg, was arrested on Saint-Just's order, and much equipment was commandeered for the army.
Under Saint-Just's unblinking surveillance, Pichegru and General Lazare Hoche ably secured the frontier and began an invasion of the German Rhineland.
He was quickly sent back to the front lines, this time in Belgium where the Army of the North was experiencing the same problems of discipline and organization.
During January and February 1794, he again delivered results ruthlessly and effectively, but after less than a month the mission was cut short.
With the republican army advancing and the Girondins destroyed, the left-wing Montagnards, led by the Jacobins and Robespierre, controlled the Convention.
In these circumstances, on the first day of Ventôse in Year II of the Revolution (19 February 1794), Saint-Just was elected President of the National Convention.
As the spring of 1794 approached, the Committee of Public Safety, led by Robespierre, Saint-Just, Lebas and Georges Couthon, exercised near complete control over the government.
A little over a week later, Saint-Just told the Convention that the Hébertist's activities were part of a foreign plot against the government.
On 4 Germinal (24 March 1794), the Tribunal sent Hébert, Charles-Philippe Ronsin, François-Nicolas Vincent and most other prominent Hébertists to the guillotine.
The ongoing political combat—bloody enough since at least the time of the arrest of the Girondins to be known as the Reign of Terror— spread inexorably.
When the Hébertists fell, Robespierre felt compelled to eliminate his other rivals in the Cordeliers, starting with Fabre d'Églantine and his close friend Georges Danton.
After a tumultuous show-trial, Fabre, Desmoulins, and other top supporters of Danton went to the scaffold with their leader on 16 Germinal (5 April 1794).
The elimination of popular demagogues and the consequent loss of support in the streets would prove disastrous for Saint-Just and Robespierre during the events of Thermidor.
Shortly after its establishment, however, administration of the new bureau passed to Robespierre when Saint-Just left Paris once more for the front lines.
The Revolutionary army was still in a defensive posture, and Saint-Just was sent back to Belgium to help prepare for the coming conflict.
From April through June 1794, he again took supreme oversight of the Army of the North and contributed to the victory at Fleurus.
This hotly contested battle on 26 June 1794 saw Saint-Just apply his most draconian measures, ordering all French soldiers who turned away from the enemy to be summarily shot.
He felt vindicated when the victory sent the Austrians and their allies into a full retreat from all the Southern Netherlands.
Fleurus marked the turning point in the War of the First Coalition: France remained on the offensive until its eventual victory in 1797.
The French victory at Fleurus and others which followed, reduced the need for national security during the war, which originally had been predicated as a justification for the Terror.
Robespierre swiftly shepherded the bill into law, and although Saint-Just was not directly involved in its composition, he was certainly supportive.
Vastly expanding the Tribunal’s power, the new statutes catalyzed the Great Terror: in the first month they were in effect, the number of executions in Paris rose from an average of five daily to seventeen daily, soaring in the following month to twenty-six.
However, for a time some of the Thermidorians nevertheless considered Saint-Just to be redeemable, or at the very least useful for their own ambitions.
Their attitude toward him shifted later when he delivered an uncompromising public defence of Robespierre on 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794).
Finally, several of them physically shoved him away from the lectern, and each started his own address in which they called for the removal of Robespierre and all his supporters.
Rising in his support, Robespierre sputtered and lost his voice; his brother Augustin, Philippe Lebas, and other key allies all tried swaying the deputies, but failed.
When soldiers finally broke inside, a number of the defeated Jacobins tried to commit suicide; Saint-Just stood beside Lebas who shot himself in the head.
Robespierre, Saint-Just, and twenty of their allies were guillotined the next day, and Saint-Just reputedly accepted his death with coolness and pride.
Throughout his political career, Saint-Just continued to work on books and essays about the meaning of the Revolution, but he did not survive to see any of them published.
The proposals were far more radical than the Constitution of 1793, and identify closely with the legendarily fearsome traditions of ancient Sparta.
Based on the assumption that man is a social animal, Saint-Just argues that in nature there is no need for contracts, legislation, or acts of force.
These constructs only become necessary when a society is in need of moral regeneration and serve merely as unsatisfactory substitutes for the natural bonds of free people.
Because a return to the natural state is impossible, Saint-Just argues for a government composed of the most educated members of society, who could be expected to share an understanding of the larger social good.
Outside the government itself, Saint-Just asserts there must be full equality between all men, including equal security in material possessions and personal independence.
He was repeatedly described by contemporaries as arrogant, believing himself to be a skilled leader and orator as well as having proper revolutionary character.
A measure of his change can be inferred from the experience of his former love interest Thérèse, who is known to have left her husband and taken up residence in a Parisian neighborhood near Saint-Just in late 1793.
Saint-Just—who had already developed something of a relationship, tepid but potentially expedient, with the sister of his colleague Lebas—refused to see her.
Like Robespierre, he was incorruptible in the sense that he exhibited no attraction to material benefits but devoted himself entirely to the advancement of a political agenda.
Gunnell initially stood for Parliament at Leeds North East in February and October 1974, but was beaten by Sir Keith Joseph on both attempts.
He supported West Bromwich Albion Football Club as a child and watched most of Leeds United's home games between 1970 and 2005.
He has served in three legislatures in the United Kingdom and served as Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport in the Scottish Executive Cabinet.
Watson was expelled from his party on 22 September 2005 following his conviction and imprisonment for fire-raising at Prestonfield House, but was re-admitted to the Labour party in July 2012.
He currently sits as a Labour member of the House of Lords and is an Associate Director of the Edinburgh public affairs and communications company Caledonia Consulting.
On 18 September 2015 the new Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn appointed Watson as education spokesman in the House of Lords.
Watson was born in Cambuslang, South Lanarkshire, but his family moved to Invergowrie, Perth and Kinross when he was very young.
Prior to entering politics Watson worked as a tutor/organiser for the Workers' Educational Association and in the trade union movement, for the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs (ASTMS) and the Manufacturing, Science and Finance union (MSF).
Watson was elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Central at a by-election in 1989, following the death of Bob McTaggart MP.
He sought the nomination from the Labour party to run for the Govan seat at the 1997 election, but after initially winning the nomination by one vote, he lost a re-run to Mohammad Sarwar.
In 1999 Lord Watson was elected to the Scottish Parliament to represent the Glasgow Cathcart constituency and was re-elected in 2003.
The bill passed a vote 83–36 on 13 February 2002 and received Royal Assent on 15 March, becoming the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002 and becoming law on 1 August.
On 15 November 2004, Watson was charged with wilful fire raising, and the Labour whip was withdrawn from him in the Holyrood and Westminster parliaments.
In January 2007 Watson was appointed as an Associate Director with Caledonia Consulting, while also attending the House of Lords on a regular basis.
The first alleged that he set fire to a curtain in the hotel's reception, and the second that he set fire to a curtain in the hotel's Yellow Room.
After initially registering not guilty pleas to both charges on 23 August 2005, he changed his plea on 1 September to guilty on the first count, and had a not guilty plea accepted on the second charge.
It was not possible for a life peer to resign from the House of Lords at that time and there was no provision for peers convicted of criminal offences to be stripped of their titles.
Watson appealed against his sentence on 23 March 2006 but the appeal judges refused to cut the term, and he was returned to prison.
In an interview with The House magazine in March 2017, Lord Watson was asked whether Labour could win a UK general election under Jeremy Corbyn.
There are trends there that suggest we're not getting through and the result in Copeland certainly suggested that, so it will be difficult to turn that around.
For a simple (non-self-intersecting) polygon, regardless of whether it is convex or non-convex, this angle is called an interior angle (or ) if a point within the angle is in the interior of the polygon.
In contrast, an exterior angle (or ) is an angle formed by one side of a simple polygon and a line extended from an adjacent side.
The interior angle concept can be extended in a consistent way to crossed polygons such as star polygons by using the concept of directed angles.
Cape Breton Regional Municipality, often referred to as simply CBRM, is the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's second largest municipality and the economic heart of Cape Breton Island.
The region is home to a significant concentration of government services, social enterprise and private sector companies, including the Canadian Coast Guard College, Cape Breton University, NSCC Marconi campus, and New Dawn Enterprises.
CBRM is host to many cultural landmarks and institutions such as the historic Savoy Theatre, the Celtic Colours International Festival, the Cape Breton Centre for Craft, the Highland Arts Theatre, and Holy Angels Arts & Cultural centre, currently undergoing a $12 million renovation.
The area hosts one of Nova Scotia's premier tourism destinations, the Fortress of Louisbourg national park site, operated by Parks Canada as a living history museum.
The Port of Sydney was projected to welcome a record 135,000 cruise ship visitors in 2017, a 67% increase on 2016.
The Trans-Canada Highway terminates in North Sydney where Marine Atlantic ferries connect to both Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador, where the highway starts again, and Argentia.
The glaciers began their retreat from the Maritimes approximately 13,500 years ago, with final deglaciation, post-glacial rebound, and sea level fluctuation ending and leaving the New England-Maritimes region virtually ice free 11,000 years ago.
Evidence of settlement found in the Debert Palaeo-Indian Site dates to 10,600 before present, though settlement seems likely to have occurred earlier, following large game animals such as the caribou as they expanded into the land revealed by the retreating glaciers.
The record of continuous habitation through the paleo and archaic period over ten thousand years culminated in the development of the culture, traditions, and language of the First Nations people now known as the Mi'kmaq.
The Palaeoindians inhabiting the area prior to European arrival lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle, following the cycle of the seasons in search of food and resources, which required the frequent moving from place to place.
In 1719, France began construction on a fortified town located along the sheltered southwestern shore of Havre Louisbourg, naming the settlement Louisbourg.
It was captured again during the Seven Years' War which saw the inhabitants expelled and the fortress completely destroyed by British Army engineers in 1760.
By proclamation of October 17, 1763, after termination of the Seven Years' War, Île Royale was renamed Cape Breton Island and was formally annexed to Nova Scotia.
In 1784, the island was made a separate colony with its capital at Sydney however by 1820 the colony was remerged into Nova Scotia.
Industrial mining began in 1826 under the General Mining Association monopoly, followed in later years by independent American-owned mines south of Sydney Harbour.
Coal production under Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation (DOSCO) peaked in the early 1940s and in 1957 the company became a subsidiary of Hawker Siddeley Group.
In response to a public outcry, the minority government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson announced J.R. Donald would head a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Cape Breton coal industry, with hearings held in 1965 and 1966.
The Donald Commission recommended that a federal Crown corporation be established to acquire and manage DOSCO's coal operations, with the aim being to slowly wean the area economy from its dependence on the coal industry.
On July 7, 1967, the Cape Breton Development Corporation (DEVCO), was established to operate the mines in the interim, while phasing them out throughout the 1970s and, at the same time, develop new economic opportunities for the surrounding communities.
At the same time, the provincial government expropriated DOSCO's steel mill in Sydney, creating the Sydney Steel Corporation (SYSCO), while DEVCO would continue to operate the adjacent coke ovens.
DEVCO ceased to exist on December 31, 2009, with its remaining assets and staff turned over to Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation (ECBC), a federal government economic development initiative, in an attempt to diversify the CBRM economy.
On June 19, 2014, the operations of ECBC were transferred to both the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency and the Public Works and Government Services Canada.
In 1992, the Task Force on Local Government Report (often called the Hayward report) stated that 67 municipalities in Nova Scotia were too many to efficiently and cost effectively provide services in a province having a population of slightly more than 900,000.
The report was commissioned for the Progressive Conservative government of Donald Cameron, but was taken up and implemented by the incoming Liberal government of John Savage.
The provincial government subsequently forced the amalgamation of both Halifax and Cape Breton counties and supported the voluntary amalgamation of Queens county.
The municipalities from which the CBRM was created included the Municipality of the County of Cape Breton, the City of Sydney, the Towns of Glace Bay, Sydney Mines, New Waterford, North Sydney, Dominion and Louisbourg.
The Cape Breton Regional Municipality is governed by Cape Breton Regional Council, which is composed of a mayor elected at-large and 12 councillors each elected to represent a separate district.
The municipality oversaw an operating budget of $146 million and a combined capital and water capital budget of $32.375 million in the 2016/17 fiscal year.
Municipal governments in Nova Scotia are elected every four years and the most recent round of elections took place on October 15, 2016.
Under former Mayor John Morgan, the council authorized several studies regarding fairness and equity, fighting for a larger share of the federal equalization funding from the province, including an ultimately unsuccessful legal challenge in 2004.
Nova Scotians for Equalization Fairness is a citizens group that continues to argue for a greater share of equalization payments paid to CBRM, arguing that CBRM receives $15 million in equalization and should receive $239 million, based on per capita distribution of federal equalization to the province.
In addition to municipal government there are two First Nations in CBRM operating under band government, the Eskasoni First Nation and the Membertou First Nation.
The municipality shares representation by two ridings in Canada's House of Commons, as well as by Senator Michael L. MacDonald, who identifies as representing the Senate Division of Cape Breton.
After a long struggle to recover from the disappearance of coal and steel industries and while continuing to suffer from high annual population loss the economy of Cape Breton is projected to achieve sustainable growth from 2017–2021.
Cape Breton Island, of which CBRM is home to over three quarters of the population, has continued economic strength in its fishing and forestry primary sectors and in services (trade, transportation and warehousing, business and other support services), education, health care, and accommodation & food.
While the region boasts a diverse industrial economy when compared to other regions in Nova Scotia, the region continues to struggle with an unemployment rate of 13.7% in December 2017, significantly higher than the Nova Scotia and national averages.
Nearby attractions such as the Cape Breton Highlands, Bras d'Or Lake and Fortress of Louisbourg have made Cape Breton Island a tourism destination for many years.
A growing cruise ship business has been making use of the port of Sydney to give cruise passengers access to the area.
The Port of Sydney hosts more than 70 cruise ships per season, most notably the Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth 2, and MS Maasdam.
A recent study found that a strong tourism cluster is emerging and will be reinforced with the recent announcement of a second cruise ship dock in Sydney.
Currently, the former Sydney Steel Corporation's site in Sydney has been transformed into the Harbourside Commercial Park focused on office and light industrial use, connected in 2010 by the Sydney Port Access Road to Highway 125.
Land area of the municipality is 2,433.35 square kilometres with a population density (2011) of just 40.0 persons per square kilometre.
The average winter low is −10 degrees Celsius (14 °F) and temperatures rarely drop below −20 degrees Celsius (−4 °F) although strong winter winds can make it seem much colder.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Cape Breton Regional Municipality recorded a population of 94,285 living in 41,679 of its 45,742 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 97,398.
Owned by the municipality, the port corporation manages and operates the port, including the emerging cruise ship business, the Joan Harriss Cruise Pavilion and Marina.
International investors have announced construction of the Novaporte, the deep-water marine container facility able to accommodate ultra-class container ships at the port.
The Port of Sydney was projected to welcome a record 135,000 cruise ship visitors in 2017, a 67% increase on 2016.
Douglas McCurdy Sydney Airport serves CBRM and Cape Breton Island, providing domestic flight connections via Air Canada and WestJet as well as charter flight service.
The region is served by Maritime Bus, a coach bus service connecting North Sydney and Sydney to the mainland via Whycocomagh and Wagmatcook.
The Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway provided rail service connecting Cape Breton to the mainland and CN Rail in Truro.
Sydney Coal Railway is a short line railway connecting the coaling piers on Sydney Harbour in Sydney to the Lingan Generating Station near New Waterford.
It is also the eastern terminus of two east-west highways in the province: Highway 105, the Trans-Canada Highway, runs along the north shore of Bras d'Or Lake and accesses the northern part of CBRM, whereas Trunk 4 extends along the southern part of Bras d'Or Lake and accesses the western and eastern part of the municipality.
Public transit service is delivered by Transit Cape Breton, which offers thirteen bus routes within the municipality, serving the region's larger communities: Sydney, Sydney River, Glace Bay, New Waterford, Dominion, Reserve Mines, North Sydney and Sydney Mines.
English language public schools in CBRM are operated by the Cape Breton – Victoria Regional Centre for Education on behalf of the provincial government's Department of Education.
While Cape Breton Island is arguably best known for its Scottish Gaelic or Celtic culture and heritage, the industrial strength of Sydney and industrial Cape Breton attracted a diverse community from around the world.
CBRM's cultural scene continues to be influenced by a mixture of these other cultures including African Canadian, Jewish, Irish, and a variety of Eastern European countries.
The region is home to several festivals of art and music such as the Celtic Colours International Festival, Lumiere Art at Night, and the Cape Breton International Drum Festival.
CBRM is home to several performance centres, including the Centre 200 sports arena in Sydney, home to the Cape Breton Screaming Eagles (a Quebec Major Junior Hockey League team), the Highland Arts Theatre performing arts centre, also in Sydney, and the historic Savoy Theatre, in Glace Bay.
Glace Bay is also home to the Cape Breton Miners' Museum, the Marconi National Historic Site and the Glace Bay Heritage Museum.
The Cape Breton Regional Police Service provides policing for all areas of CBRM with the exception of the First Nation community of Eskasoni which is policed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).
The CBRPS works towards providing efficient law enforcement and working within the community and has recently cracked down on drug related crime in CBRM.
Policing in Cape Breton County prior to amalgamation was delivered by individual police forces in the urban areas and RCMP in the rural county.
In the late 1990s, after a divisive debate, the municipality expanded CBRPS coverage to also cover the rural area of CBRM.
Fire & emergency services for the CBRM are provided by the Cape Breton Regional Fire Service which consists of 36 fire stations dispersed throughout the municipality; two urban stations are staffed by career firefighters whereas the remaining 34 rural stations are staffed by volunteers.
CHFD-DT is a privately owned television station serving as an affiliate of the Global Television Network in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
It broadcasts a digital signal on VHF channel 4 from a transmitter in Shuniah and also operates a rebroadcaster in Armstrong (CKAR-TV, channel 8).
Owned by Dougall Media, it is sister to CTV affiliate CKPR-DT and both stations share studios located on Hill and Van Norman Streets in central Thunder Bay.
Since February 12, 2010, CHFD carries the vast majority of Global's programming schedule and brands itself on-air as Global Thunder Bay in the manner of the network's owned-and-operated stations operated by its parent company Corus Entertainment.
In January 2010, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) published an application filed by CHFD to disaffiliate from CTV as of February 28, after not being able to negotiate an acceptable new programming agreement with the network, indicating it had instead reached an expanded program supply agreement with Global.
However, on February 12, just before CTV's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics began, and before the CRTC was able to rule on the application, CHFD began carrying Global programming full-time.
It had attempted to get broadcast rights for the Olympics – which the station said was a separate matter from the network affiliation – but was again unable to reach an acceptable agreement.
After affiliating with Global, CHFD rebranded from Thunder Bay Television to Global Thunder Bay, and adopted a new logo and website similar to Global's owned and operated stations (this differs from most Canadian television stations that are not under common ownership with a television system or national television network; such stations typically use their callsigns as their on-air branding).
Local cable company Shaw Cable advised customers who wish to continue to watch CTV programming to subscribe to their digital cable timeshifting package; the company did, however, add CTV Toronto to its basic lineup on channel 23 for the duration of the Olympics.
On January 27, 2016, Dougall Media officials revealed that CKPR and CHFD are both being sustained by the payouts from life insurance policies on former owner Fraser Dougall and a former general manager who both died in 2015, and said that the stations were likely to shut down by September 1, barring a favourable change in CRTC policies on local television funding.
Established during the apartheid era, it was intended to be a self-governing homeland of the OvaHimba, but an actual government was never established.
Like other homelands in South West Africa, the Kaokoland bantustan was abolished in May 1989, at the beginning of the transition of Namibia towards independence.
The area is one of the wildest and least populated areas in Namibia, with a population density of one person every 2 km² (1/4 of the national average).
The most represented ethnic group is the Himba people, who account for about 5,000 of the overall 16,000 inhabitants of Kaokoland.
The Kaokoland area extends south-north from the Hoanib river to the Kunene river (that also marks the border between Namibia and Angola).
It is largely mountainous, with the northern Baynes Mountains reaching the maximum elevation at 2039 m. Other notable mountain ranges of Kaokoland include the Otjihipa Mountains (to the north) and the Hartmann Mountains (to the east).
The land is generally dry and rocky, especially to the south, where it borders on the Namib Desert; nevertheless, it has several rivers as well as falls.
The most notable falls in Kaokoland are the Ruacana Falls (120 m high, 700 m wide) and the Epupa Falls, both formed by the Kunene river.
In the second half of the 19th century, a group of Herero crossed the Kunene River, migrating north to what is now Angola, joining with the Bushmen in Southern Angola; the modern day Himba people originated from this Angolan Herero group.
In 1884, Kaokoland became part of German South West Africa, and Namibian Herero changed much of their habits and costumes as a consequence of German rule.
After World War I, South Africa received the mandate from the League of Nations to administer the territory of Namibia, which became, for all practical purposes, a province of South Africa.
South Africa also applied to Namibia the principles of apartheid, including the creation of distinct bantustans (homelands) for different African ethnic groups.
Kaokoland was thus established as a bantustan for the Himba people, that in the 1920s had come back from Angola into Namibia.
While the Herero people later experienced German rule and drastically changed their lifestyle as well as their costumes, the Himba retained much of their traditional, nomadic and pastoral habits.
In recent times, contacts between Himbas and Western tourists are becoming more and more common, especially in the most easily accessible regions of Kaokoland (e.g., the surroundings of Opuwo).
Fauna in Kaokoland suffered from a severe crippling between 1977 and 1982, as well as from poaching throughout the 1970s, but has been recovering afterwards.
It includes several desert-dwelling species, most notably a population of desert elephants that are sometimes classified as a distinct subspecies of African elephants because of their shorter legs and specific, desert-adapted behaviour (the only other place in Africa where elephants have adapted to a desert environment is Mali, on the border of the Sahara desert).
The herds in this area remain separate from other elephant herds in Namibia and only appear to have longer legs and bigger feet because they eat less than elephants living in more food abundant areas such as Etosha National Park, the Caprivi, and Chobe region in Botswana.
The desert elephant claim a three-thousand square kilometre range and regularly travel up to two hundred kilometres in search of water.
They only drink every three or four days, compared with elephants in Etosha drinking 100 to 200 L of water a day.
They also seem to be more environmentally conscious than other elephants: unlike other elephants, the desert-adapted elephant rarely knock over trees, break branches, or tear away bark.
It is along these riverbeds the animals find the occasional spring fed waterhole and most of their nutrient rich foods: mopane bark, tamarisk, reeds, and the pods, bark, and leaves of the ana tree.
When water is truly scarce, as in times of drought, they dig holes, commonly known as gorras, in the dry riverbeds.
Water seeps up from below the surface creating a much needed water source for themselves, and other animals in the area; unlike other elephants, which drink daily, desert elephants have been known to survive without water for up to four days.
After the end of the bush war, Kaokoland has become a common tourist destination in Namibia, due its proximity to the Etosha National Park (to the south), the unspoiled nature (with several spots suitable for activities such as rafting and trekking), and the opportunity to visit traditional Himba villages.
Many roads in Kaokoland are often in very bad conditions and may be challenging for 4WDs as well, especially during the rainy season.
As a young boy, Saint-André had ambition to study the law, but his dream was crushed when the King prohibited Protestants and their children from getting involved in much of the public life, including getting the bar.
When Saint-André was about sixteen years old, he enrolled in the merchant marine, and became lieutenant several years later and shortly after, captain.
Saint-André later turned Protestant, and became a prominent pastor in Southern France at Castres in 1773, and afterwards in Montauban in 1788.
As a member of The Society of the Friends of the Constitution, Saint-André sat on The Mountain, led my Maximilien Robespierre.
When Louis XVI of France was found guilty of plotting against the Convention and France, he, along with many members of the Convention, voted for the King's execution.
Later that same year in June, when the Jacobins gained control of the Assembly Saint-André became a member of the Committee of Public Safety, and it was he who proposed Maximilien Robespierre for membership shortly afterwards.
In July 1793, Saint-André was elected President of the National Convention, and in his capacity, he announced the death of Marat.
While working with the Committee of Public Safety, Jeanbon Saint-André played a pivotal role in the restoration of the naval fleet.
The Convention granted Saint-André an unlimited amount of power in order to preserve the fleet for the Republic, and to crush all forms of counter-revolutionary opposition.
On September 20, 1793, Saint-André obtained a vote of one hundred million francs for constructing vessels; from September 1793 to January 1794, he reorganized the military harbours of Brest and Cherbourg, in the northwestern coast of France.
Saint-André noticed striking parallels between the situation in Brest and in the Committee's occupation of Toulon after its siege in late 1793.
The revolt during this time period was a product of British influence over Toulon, as well as royalist ideologies being upheld by those in positions of power in Toulon.
In 1793, the Federalist Revolt against the National Assembly in the port city of Brest was partly linked to Jeanbon Saint-André as its citizens viewed the Navy divided between the two major clubs, the Montagnards and the Girondins.
His theory was clear: the parallels he was observing between the situations at Brest and Toulon were based on the conspiracy of ex-nobles and officers against the Republic, as well as the presence of British influence in both cities.
This caused anti-revolutionists, including Oscar Havard, to believe Jeanbon conspired to hand Brest to Britain; Jeanbon's true motives was to bring the downfall of the Navy in response to the dominance of Catholicism in French society.
The physical location of Brittany, a peninsula with poorly paved roads, and specifically Brest, made transport of provisions and travel difficult and time-consuming.
Aside from the physical aspects of Brittany's separation from the rest of the Nation, the gabelle (the salt tax) played a significant role in isolating the Province.
The Committee believed that utilizing the city as a seaport for the French fleet would allow them to galvanize a fleet of ships to sail to the nearby southern peninsula of England in order to begin an offensive effort.
On 31 January 1794, on his return from Brest, Saint-André presented a report to the Convention on the state of the navy.
Saint-André did away with the hierarchical system of the old regime's navy, stripping officers of their traditional luxuries, such as food privileges, and emphasizing the need for officers to set an obedient example.
An education system was also implemented, utilizing Jacobin propaganda and schoolmasters who taught the sailors to read and write so they could aspire to promotion.
Saint-André also eliminated holidays, industrializing the coastal city into a system split into day and night shifts enforced by strict military rule.
Thanks to this reforming zeal, France was able to build and launch new frigates at three times the rate of the Royal Navy during the same period.
By 1794, under Saint-André's watch, fifty ships of the line had been placed into service under the control of the newly appointed fleet commander Villaret de Joyeuse.
Contributing to this success was the presence of Jacques-Noël Sané, a renowned ship engineer who built the 130 gun flagship of de Joyeuse known as The Mountain.
Though the reformation of the navy has not had as much historical acclaim as the work other Committee members performed on the army, with many critics pointing to its losses in the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794, the reforms that took place were nonetheless vital in ensuring France's continued success in war.
Saint-André later participated in a mission in the south, which lasted from July 1794 to March 1795, and in which he showed moderation in contrast to the directives of the Reign of Terror.
Shortly after, he was arrested on May 28, 1795 and imprisoned at the College of Four Nations, but was released by the amnesty of the year IV.
On July 28, 1794, the Jacobin faction lost support of the crowd and most of its members, most notably Robespierre, were guillotined; the crowd saw that Saint-André had mostly spent his time on mission and had not participated in the decisions made during the Jacobins' control, so he was granted his life.
He was then appointed consul at Algiers and Smyrna (1798) and was kept prisoner by the Ottoman Empire for three years (during the Napoleonic Wars).
Released in 1801, Saint-André subsequently became préfet of the départment of Mont-Tonnerre (1801) and commissary-general of the three départments on the left bank of the Rhine.
The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico.
The largest city in the Pacific Time Zone is Los Angeles; the Los Angeles metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the zone.
The zone is two hours ahead of the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone, one hour ahead of the Alaska Time Zone, one hour behind the Mountain Time Zone, two hours behind the Central Time Zone, three hours behind the Eastern Time Zone, and four hours behind the Atlantic Time Zone.
Through 2006, the local time (PST, UTC−08:00) changed to daylight time (PDT, UTC−07:00) at 02:00 LST (local standard time) to 03:00 LDT (local daylight time) on the first Sunday in April, and returned at 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the last Sunday in October.
Effective in the U.S. in 2007 as a result of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the local time changes from PST to PDT at 02:00 LST to 03:00 LDT on the second Sunday in March and the time returns at 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the first Sunday in November.
In Mexico, beginning in 2010, the portion of the country in this time zone uses the extended dates, as do some other parts.
It is the most westerly village in Great Britain, although several tiny hamlets lie further west on the peninsula (of these, the most westerly is called Portuairk).
Donaldson equates 'Buarblaig' (now Bourblaige about 3 miles east of Kilchoan on the other side of the eastern mountain of Ben Hiant at 528m, ) with Muribulg, where the Annals of Tigernach record a battle between the Picts and Dalriads in AD 731.
Ben Hiant is the highest point of the peninsula at 528 m and lies between the village and the coastal hamlet of Ardslignish.
The Kilchoan House Hotel is now the most westerly bar/hotel on the mainland of the UK, after the closure of Sonachan Hotel.
The clock time in this zone is based on mean solar time at the 135th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.
Effective from 2007, the local time changes from AKST to AKDT at 02:00 LST to 03:00 LDT on the second Sunday in March and returns at 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the first Sunday in November.
Some references prior to 1967 refer to this zone as Central Alaska Standard Time (CAT) or as Alaska Standard Time (AST).
This zone was renamed in 1983 to Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time when the majority of Alaska was moved out of the zone.
Prior to 1983, the current Alaska Time Zone (UTC−09:00) was known as the Yukon Time Zone, observing Yukon Standard Time (YST).
With the reorganization of Alaska's time zones in 1983 to place the entire state in either a zone based on UTC−09:00 or UTC−10:00, the Yukon Time Zone based on was renamed the Alaska Time Zone.
The Alaska Time Zone applies to the territory of the state of Alaska east of 169°30′ W. Given that the UTC−09:00 time corresponds to the solar time at 9 × 15° = 135° W (roughly, Juneau), the westernmost locales of the Alaska Time Zone are off by up to 169°30′ − 135° = 34°30′ from local solar time.
This means that when a clock correctly set to Alaska time, at a location just east of 169°30′ W, shows noon, local solar time is around 9:42 a.m.
For example, on June 12 at noon AKDT, the solar time at the extreme westerly points of the Alaskan time zone will be only 8:42 a.m.
Very few people notice this, however, as these locations are virtually uninhabited, and for the very few people who do live there, the long days in the summer and short days in the winter make the sunrise and sunset times less important than areas closer to the equator.
By contrast, in Juneau, which is much closer to the 135° west meridian, mean solar noon occurs around 11:57 a.m., very close to clock noon.
In Anchorage, visitors from more southerly latitudes are often surprised to see the sun set at 11:41 p.m. on the summer solstice while the 'solar time' is 9:41 p.m.
This is because at 150° W, Anchorage is one solar hour ahead of the legal time zone and observes daylight saving time as well.
In Fairbanks, the same circumstances cause sunset to occur at 12:47 a.m. the next calendar day and the solar sunset is at 10:47 p.m.
The territory of the state of Alaska spans almost as much longitude as the contiguous United States (57.5° vs. 57.6°) so the use of two time zones will inevitably lead to some distortions.
Rancho Santa Margarita was a Mexican land grant in the Santa Lucia Mountains, in present day San Luis Obispo County, central California.
Joaquín Tomas Estrada (1815–1893), the son of José Raimundo Estrada and Josefa Vallejo de Alvarado, was born in Spanish colonial Monterey, Alta California.
Originally part of the northern lands of Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, the four square league Rancho Santa Margarita was granted to Estrada in 1841.
Joaquín Estrada was elected to the post-staehood first San Luis Obispo County Board of Supervisors in 1852, and served as County Treasurer in 1853–1854.
With the Mexican Cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored.
As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Santa Margarita was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Joaquín Estrada in 1861.
In 1861, Estrada sold the rancho to Martin Murphy Jr. (1807–1884) and his wife Mary Bulger Murphy (d.1892) of Sunnyvale, who had come to California with the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party in 1844.
The Murphys turned over running of the rancho to their son Patrick Murphy, who was a General in the California National Guard.
Patrick Washington Murphy (September 11, 1840 in Missouri – November 1, 1901 in San Francisco) operated Rancho Santa Margarita, and the adjacent Rancho Atascadero, and Rancho Asuncion, altogether comprising about from his Rancho Santa Margarita headquarters.
In 1889, Patrick Murphy enticed the Southern Pacific Railroad to Rancho Santa Margarita by selling them land near the ranch house.
In 1904, the Murphy family sold Rancho Santa Margarita to the three Reis brothers – Ferdinand, Christian and Gustav, German emigrants who made their fortune in the California Gold Rush.
Owned by Dougall Media, it is sister to Global affiliate CHFD-DT and both stations share studios located on Hill and Van Norman Streets in central Thunder Bay.
In June 2014, Dougall Media announced that the station would disaffiliate from CBC Television (with which it was affiliated since its 1954 sign-on) in September to become a CTV affiliate, bringing CTV back to the Thunder Bay market for the first time since sister station CHFD switched its affiliation from CTV to Global in 2010.
Three years later on July 20, 1957, Thunder Bay Electronics, owned by the Dougall family, bought CFPA-TV and changed its callsign letters to CFCJ-TV.
In 1972, Thunder Bay Electronics launched the CTV affiliate CHFD-TV (which switched to Global in 2010) and thus CKPR-TV and CHFD-TV became one of the first private twinstick stations in Canada.
In March 2010, CKPR announced it was unable to come to an agreement with CBC to continue to operate as an affiliate.
CKPR filed an application with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) seeking to remove its condition of licence which mandates affiliation with CBC Television.
The affiliation agreement would expire on August 31, 2011 and, according to the station would not be renewed by the CBC after that date.
CKPR said that it was tentatively planning to disaffiliate as of September 1, 2010, but that it had yet to find a new programming source, and that it would be reserving the right to remain a CBC affiliate through the end of the 2010-2011 season, even if the relevant condition of licence was removed.
In March 2011, CKPR announced they had come to a programming agreement, under which the station would continue to provide CBC programming in Thunder Bay, which at the time was described as having a five-year term.
In early 2014, the station filed a new application to disaffiliate, indicating that it had the ability under its current agreement to opt out in September 2014.
On September 1, 2014, CKPR-DT disaffiliated from the CBC to become an affiliate of the CTV Television Network, which returned to local terrestrial television after sister station CHFD-TV disaffiliated from that network in 2010.
Despite the affiliation change, all TV service providers serving Thunder Bay, like all service providers across Canada, will continue to be required to include a CBC Television signal as part of their basic services.
Shortly before the affiliation change, CBC confirmed that CBLT Toronto would be added to the basic packages of Shaw Communications cable systems in the area (channel 2 in Thunder Bay), and Tbaytel TV (channels 210 [SD] and 802 [HD]).
On January 27, 2016, Dougall Media officials revealed that CKPR and CHFD are both being sustained by the payouts from life insurance policies on former owner Fraser Dougall and a former general manager who both died in 2015, and said that the stations were likely to sign off for good by September 1, barring a favourable change in CRTC policies.
CKPR-DT broadcasts on channel 2 and cable 5 in Thunder Bay, and formerly via a transmitter owned by the CBC in the Nipigon area (CBLK-TV, channel 16 with an ERP of 4.3 kW).
The station is also available over the air and also to cable television viewers in Keweenaw County, Michigan and in parts of Cook County, Minnesota.
As part of the CBC's budget cuts, the operation of CBLK-TV and the other CBC-owned analog rebroadcasters of private affiliates was discontinued on July 31, 2012.
As one of CTV's independently-owned affiliates, CKPR-DT currently clears the vast majority of the CTV schedule (as it did as a CBC affiliate), with a handful of preemptions in daytime and overnight for locally-sold paid programming, sometimes varying from day to day.
However, in the absence of a local noon newscast of its own, CKPR carries CTV Ottawa's lunch-hour newscast in the noon timeslot.
In many cases during its CBC affiliation (as of fall 2008, up to five times per day) CBC network shows broadcast during daytime or late-night on CKPR were preempted by paid programming.
For example, with the Kids' CBC block having expanded to five hours on August 31, 2009, CKPR did not air the final hour of the expanded block, just like Corus-owned CBC affiliates (at the time) in Peterborough (CHEX-DT), Oshawa (CHEX-TV-2) and Kingston (CKWS-DT), opting for an hour of paid programming instead.
Furthermore, in September 2011, as more programming toward adults, CKPR began pre-empting the 9-11 am and the Saturday 11:30 am block of Kids' CBC and a few months later in 2012, CKPR also began to pre-empt the 7:30 a.m. portion of Kids' CBC for more local and paid programming.
The 9-11 a.m. block of Kids' CBC eventually returned in February 2012 but CKPR continued to decline the 7:30-8 a.m., 11 a.m.-noon and the Saturday 11:30 a.m.-noon blocks of Kids' CBC.
In January 2011, Dougall Media applied with the CRTC to broadcast its digital signal instead on channel 2, following the digital conversion date.
The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century that would allow for a system of trade in China open to all countries equally.
In the late 20th century, the term 'Open Door policy' also describes the economic policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to open up China to foreign businesses that wanted to invest in the country.
The late 19th century policy was enunciated in U.S. Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dated September 6, 1899 and dispatched to the major European powers.
The policy won support of all the rivals, and it also tapped the deep-seated sympathies of those who opposed imperialism, with the policy pledging to protect China's sovereignty and territorial integrity from partition.
It had no legal standing or enforcement mechanism, but it was not violated and China was not partitioned the way Africa had been in the 1880s and 1890s.
In the 20th-century and 21st-century, scholars such as Christopher Layne in the neorealist school have generalized the use of the term to applications in 'political' open door policies and 'economic' open door policies of nations in general which interact on a global or international basis.
As a theory, the United States' Open Door Policy originated with British commercial practice as reflected in treaties concluded with the Qing dynasty China after the First Opium War (1839–42).
The Open Door concept was first seen at the Berlin Conference of 1885, which declared that no power could levy preferential duties in the Congo.
After Deng Xiaoping took office in 1978, the term referred to China's policy of opening up to foreign business that wanted to invest in the country, setting into motion the economic transformation of modern China.
During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, China faced imminent threat of being partitioned and colonized by imperialist powers such as Britain, France, Russia, Japan, Germany and Italy.
After winning the Spanish–American War of 1898, with the newly acquired territory of the Philippine Islands, the United States increased its Asian presence and was expecting to further its commercial and political interests in China.
It felt threatened by other powers' much larger spheres of influence in China and worried that it might lose access to the Chinese market should the country be partitioned.
As a response, William Woodville Rockhill formulated the Open Door Policy to safeguard American business opportunities and other interests in China.
On September 6, 1899, U.S. Secretary of State John Hay sent notes to the major powers (France, Germany, Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia), asking them to declare formally that they would uphold Chinese territorial and administrative integrity and would not interfere with the free use of the treaty ports within their spheres of influence in China.
In reply, each country tried to evade Hay's request, taking the position that it could not commit itself until the other nations had complied.
Although treaties made after 1900 refer to the Open Door Policy, competition among the various powers for special concessions within China for railroad rights, mining rights, loans, foreign trade ports, and so forth, continued unabated.
On October 6, 1900, Britain and Germany signed the Yangtze Agreement, providing that they would oppose the partition of China into spheres of influence.
The Germans supported it because a partition of China would limit Germany to a small trading market instead of all of China.
In 1902, the United States government protested that Russian incursion into Manchuria after the Boxer Rebellion was a violation of the Open Door Policy.
When Japan replaced Russia in southern Manchuria after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) the Japanese and U.S. governments pledged to maintain a policy of equality in Manchuria.
In finance, American efforts to preserve the Open Door Policy led (1909) to the formation of an international banking consortium through which all Chinese railroad loans would agree (1917) to another exchange of notes between the United States and Japan in which there were renewed assurances that the Open Door Policy would be respected, but that the United States would recognize Japan's special interests in China (the Lansing–Ishii Agreement).
The Open Door Policy had been further weakened by a series of secret treaties (1917) between Japan and the Allied Triple Entente, which promised Japan the German possessions in China on successful conclusion of World War I.
The subsequent realization of such promise in the Versailles Treaty of 1919 angered the Chinese public and sparked the protest known as May Fourth Movement.
Since the policy in effect hindered Chinese sovereignty, the government of the Republic of China endeavored to revise related treaties with foreign powers in the twenties and thirties.
Out China's modern day economic history the Open Door Policy refers to the new policy announced by Deng Xiaoping in December 1978 to open the door to foreign businesses that wanted to set up in China.
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) were set up in 1980 in his belief that in order to modernize China's industry and boost its economy, it needed to welcome foreign direct investment.
These SEZs were strategically located near Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, but with a favorable tax regime and low wages in order to attract capital and business from these Chinese communities.
Shenzhen was the first to be established and it showed the most rapid growth, averaging at a very high growth rate of 40% per annum between 1981 and 1993, compared to the average GDP growth of 9.8% for the country as a whole.
In 1978, China was ranked 32nd in the world in export volume, but by 1989 it had doubled its world trade and became the 13th largest exporter.
Between 1978 and 1990, the average annual rate of trade expansion was above 15 percent, and a high rate of growth continued for the next decade.
In 1978, its exports in the world market share was negligible, in 1998 it still had less than 2%, but by 2010, it had a world market share of 10.4% according to the World Trade Organization (WTO), with merchandise export sales of more than $1.5 trillion, the highest in the world.
In 2013, China overtook the United States and became the world's biggest trading nation in goods with a total for imports and exports valued at US $4.16 trillion for the year.
Scholars such as Christopher Layne in the neorealist school have generalized the use of the term to applications in 'political' open door policies and 'economic' open door policies of nations in general which interact on a global or international basis.
At Imperial College London he gained a BSc in Physics, then obtained a PhD in Physics from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
He was returned as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency in 1997, but lost his seat back to Henry Bellingham of the Conservatives – whom he had first defeated – in 2001.
The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 150th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.
The zone takes its name from the two areas it includes: Hawaii and the portion of Alaska's Aleutian Islands west of 169° 30′ W longitude.
Born in Jackson, Tennessee, United States, Big Maybelle sang gospel as a child and by her teens had switched to rhythm and blues.
She began her professional career with Dave Clark's Memphis Band in 1936, and also toured with the all female International Sweethearts of Rhythm.
She then joined Christine Chatman's Orchestra, and made her first recordings with Chatman in 1944, before recording with the Tiny Bradshaw's Orchestra from 1947 to 1950.
In 1952 she was signed by Okeh Records, whose record producer Fred Mendelsohn gave her the stage name 'Big Maybelle' because of her loud yet well-toned voice.
Lewis credited Smith's version as being the inspiration to make his version much more louder, raunchy and raucous, with a driving beat and a spoken section with a come-on that was considered very risque for the time.
James Robert Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness, , FRSE (born 25 August 1954) is a British politician and former leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords.
He was formerly Leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats, Member of Parliament (MP) for Orkney and Shetland, Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Orkney, the first Deputy First Minister of Scotland in the Scottish Executive and Advocate General for Scotland.
As a boy, his first interest in politics was stoked when he collected autographs from politicians visiting the local area: he still possesses one from Tam Dalyell, with whom he later served in the House of Commons.
Following school, he was accepted by Downing College, Cambridge, where he obtained a joint degree in economics and law, and was also rumoured to have been a member of the 'Three Kings' society.
Wallace joined the then-Liberal Party in the early 1970s, but did not become very active in it until after completing his second degree.
He also stood, unsuccessfully, as the Liberal candidate in the South of Scotland constituency at the European Parliament elections of that year.
Four years later, he would earn the Liberal nomination for the seat of Orkney and Shetland, the seat being vacated by former party leader Jo Grimond, and won election to the Parliament.
At the time, it was extremely rare for Liberal candidates to successfully win elections to succeed former Liberal MPs, although many have since done so.
He was to serve as the MP there for 18 years, occupying a number of front bench posts for the Liberal Party (and, from 1988 onwards, the Liberal Democrats), including Employment spokesman and Chief Whip.
There were few opportunities for legislation affecting Scots Law to be debated or effectively scrutinised at Westminster and, especially after the 1987 Election, with only ten Conservative MPs in Scotland but with a large majority in the House of Commons, it was argued that there was a democratic deficit in Scotland.
The Scottish Liberal Democrats were committed to an overarching principle of federalism throughout the United Kingdom, with the Scottish Labour Party advocating legislative devolution for Scotland and Wales, as had been attempted unsuccessfully in the late 1970s, the Scottish National Party seeking independence.
However, the Conservative Government wanted no such change, and Scottish Secretaries, such as Ian Lang and Michael Forsyth, advocated internal parliamentary reforms at Westminster, such as holding more debates in the Scottish Grand Committee, which then consisted of all 72 MPs for Scottish constituencies.
Given the similarity of their preferred options, the Scottish Liberal Democrats had co operated with the Scottish Labour Party in the Scottish Constitutional Convention to produce a blueprint for a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom.
A key part of this plan was the decision that this new parliament would be elected by a system of proportional representation (PR).
This was a long-held Liberal Democrat (and Liberal) policy which would ensure a fairer distribution of seats, and which would almost certainly deny any single party an overall majority.
The Labour Party was initially strongly opposed to this policy, and it was a mark of success for Wallace and the Liberal Democrats that it was agreed.
When the Conservatives lost the 1997 Election, the New Labour government converted the Constitutional Convention's proposals into a White Paper and a referendum of the Scottish people was held on 11 September 1997.
Wallace was a key figure in that campaign, arguing strongly for the proposal (alongside Labour and Scottish National Party leaders), although campaigning in the referendum was suspended for several days following the death of Princess Diana.
Despite Conservative opposition, the plan was approved by nearly 75% of those voting, and nearly 64% also voted separately for the Parliament to have the power to vary the basic rate of income tax.
He led the Scottish Liberal Democrats in the first election to the new Scottish Parliament in 1999, himself winning the constituency of Orkney with 67% of the votes cast.
This meant he served as a Member of both the Scottish and Westminster Parliaments for a time with a dual mandate, although like other MPs elected to Holyrood (such as John Swinney, John Home Robertson and Donald Gorrie) he stood down from Westminster at the 2001 General Election.
As expected, the proportional election system for the new Scottish Parliament meant that Labour failed to gain an outright majority in the first elections.
Their Leader, Donald Dewar, chose to seek a formal coalition government with a working majority rather than try to operate as a minority government.
He contacted Wallace and a week of formal negotiations were held between the two parties' representatives, following which a partnership agreement was signed, committing both parties to support a negotiated joint agenda.
British politicians were unaccustomed to coalition politics, and the Liberal Democrats came under fire from Conservative and SNP opponents who claimed they had 'sold out' their principles.
Key to this criticism was the Labour policy of making students pay tuition fees, which the Liberal Democrats had promised to abolish as their price of entering a coalition, but which became merely the subject of an inquiry as the coalition was formed.
In the event, the Liberal Democrats did insist on the abolition of tuition fees after the inquiry reported in 2001, but in 1999, the delay was perceived to have been a compromise, and Wallace in particular became the focal point for extremely bitter criticism.
On three occasions over the first term of the Parliament, he became Acting First Minister twice in 2000 due to at first the illness, and later the death, of the first First Minister Donald Dewar, and then again in 2001, after the resignation of Dewar's successor as First Minister, Henry McLeish.
After leading the party through the second Holyrood elections in 2003 Elections, again winning 17 MSPs but with a higher share of the vote, he led the party into a second coalition with Labour.
The 2003 coalition negotiation process was widely seen as a more successful enterprise by the Liberal Democrats than the preceding one, with key aspects of Labour's proposals on anti-social behaviour dropped or limited, and with the promise of proportional representation for Scotland's 32 local councils.
On 9 May 2005, following the 2005 General Election, Wallace announced his intention to stand down as party leader and Deputy First Minister.
On 28 April 2008, it was announced that the new Lord Wallace would be a member of the Commission on Scottish Devolution, chaired by Sir Kenneth Calman, established by the Scottish Parliament to consider the future powers of the Parliament, including powers over finance.
In May 2010, he was appointed Advocate General for Scotland, one of the Law Officers of the Crown, who advise the government on Scots law.
He was elected unopposed, as the leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords on 15 October 2013, replacing Lord McNally, who had stepped down earlier in the month.
Hector Seymour Peter Monro, Baron Monro of Langholm, AE, PC (4 October 1922 – 30 August 2006), was a Conservative & Unionist Party politician.
He was Member of Parliament for Dumfriesshire for over 32 years, from 1964 to 1997, and then a life peer in the House of Lords.
He served as a Conservative whip and held three junior ministerial positions, twice in the Scottish Office and once as Minister for Sport in the Department for the Environment.
He was particularly concerned with Scottish and rural issues, the RAF, and sport, and was noted for his strong links with his constituency.
After only one year at Cambridge, he joined the RAF in 1941, becoming a flight lieutenant in Coastal Command, flying Atlantic patrols in Short Sunderland flying boats and then in the Far East in Catalinas.
After he was demobbed in 1946, he became a farmer at Kirtlebridge near Lockerbie, although he also had other business interests.
Monro's first wife died in 1994; later that year, he married a second time, to Doris Kaestner, a friend of his first wife.
He was chairman and vice-president of the Dumfries Unionist Party and was elected MP for Dumfries in the 1964 general election, retaining his seat until he retired at the 1997 general election.
He became a Conservative whip in 1968, and was a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Scottish Office between 28 July 1971 and 28 February 1974.
After the Conservatives lost the February 1974 general election, he was an opposition spokesman, initially on Scottish affairs and then on sport, until 1979.
After the 1979 general election, he was appointed as Margaret Thatcher's first Minister for Sport, as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment under Michael Heseltine.
He also had responsibility for some environmental issues, and was involved in strengthening the provisions of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
Monro came under some criticism for opposing the visit of a South African Barbarians rugby team to the UK and a return visit by the British Lions rugby team the next year.
He was dropped from the Government in 1981 in the wake of Mrs Thatcher's proposal that the British team pull out of the Moscow Olympics, receiving a consolatory knighthood that year.
In 1986, he suggested that the government bill the Kremlin in the amount of £1 million and provide the amount to Scottish farmers in compensation for losses to sheep herds caused by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.
He was closely involved in the aftermath as the local constituency MP, and went out to Lockerbie with two other MP's.
He returned to the Scottish Office on 9 April 1992, but he was sacked from this position on 5 July 1995.
He became a member of the Privy Council in 1995, and following his retirement as an MP, was made a life peer as Baron Monro of Langholm, of Westerkirk in Dumfries and Galloway on 6 November 1997.
The number of Conservative MPs from Scotland declined from 24 when he was first elected an MP in 1964 to nil after the 1997 general election.
A One Nation Conservative, he occasionally rebelled against the official party line, opposing the closing of British Steel Corporation's Ravenscraig steelworks, for example.
Monro was a president of the Scottish Rugby Union, and he was honorary president of Langholm RFC for over 20 years.
He was a member of the Royal Company of Archers, a deputy lieutenant of Dumfriesshire, and enjoyed vintage cars and country sports.
Komsomolets Island () is the northernmost island of the Severnaya Zemlya group in the Russian Arctic, and the third largest island in the group.
Komsomolets Island is separated from October Revolution Island in the south by the Red Army Strait and from Pioneer Island in the southwest by the Yuny Strait.
Practically the whole of the central and southern part of the island is covered by the massive Academy of Sciences Glacier, between Krenkel Bay in the east and Zhuravlev Bay in the west.
It rises to a height of 780 m. Komsomolets Island is home to the largest ice cap in Russia, the Academy of Sciences Ice Cap.
The soil of the island is mostly composed of loose loam and sands, a tundra desert scattered with mosses and lichens.
The island was discovered by Boris Vilkitsky in 1913, but its insularity wasn’t proven until 1931, when Georgy Ushakov and Nikolay Urvantsev charted the archipelago during their 1930–32 expedition.
Dougall Media owns CKPR, a CTV affiliate (formerly a CBC affiliate until August 31, 2014), and CHFD, a Global affiliate, both in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
The two stations are what is known as a twinstick operation, and are in fact the sole remaining locally owned twinstick anywhere in English Canada (Newcap Broadcasting's twinstick in Lloydminster is not locally owned since Newcap is based in Halifax).
The station was unable to come to agreement with CTV to continue operating as an affiliate and filed an application to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to remove the CTV affiliation requirement from their license and to operate as a Global affiliate.
In March 2010, CKPR announced it was unable to come to an agreement with CBC to continue to operate as an affiliate, and filed an application with the CRTC to remove the CBC affiliation requirement from their license.
However, after continued negotiations, the station announced in March 2011 that they had come to an agreement that would see them air CBC programming for another five years; in June 2014, Dougall Media announced that CKPR's affiliation would switch from CBC to CTV in September.
The stations' status as a locally owned twinstick accounts for some of the unique circumstances of the Thunder Bay television market.
It is also, for the same reason, the only major market in the province where CITY-DT is still unavailable either terrestrially or on basic cable.
Dougall has also previously cited CTV's cost-cutting measures of the early 2000s, such as the merger of all local news on the four CTV Northern Ontario stations in Northeastern Ontario into a single newscast produced in Sudbury, as a key factor in its refusal to consider selling the stations, lest such a sale result in the loss of local programming in Thunder Bay.
On January 27, 2016, Dougall Media officials revealed that CKPR and CHFD are both being sustained by the payouts from life insurance policies on former owner Fraser Dougall and a former general manager who both died in 2015, and at the time said the stations could sign off for good by September 1, 2016, barring a favourable change in CRTC policies.
However, upon becoming a Global affiliate in February 2010, CHFD rebranded as Global Thunder Bay, following a branding scheme used at Global owned and operated stations.
The paper covers local news, including city council, education, health care, Indigenous issues and the local federal and provincial political scene, as well as weekly entertainment and sports features.
The paper's editorial staff also contributes to the news website TbNewsWatch.com, which also has material contributed from the company's radio and television newsrooms.
The death of his father left Catesby enough to live on, so in 1712, he accompanied his sister Elizabeth to Williamsburg, Virginia.
She was the wife of Dr. William Cocke, who had been a member of the Council and Secretary of State for the Colony of Virginia.
He sent the pressed specimens to Dr Samuel Dale of Braintree in Essex, and gave seeds to a Hoxton nurseryman Thomas Fairchild as well as to Dale and to the Bishop of London, Dr Henry Compton.
Plants from Virginia, raised from Catesby's seeds, made his name known to gardeners and scientists in England, and in 1722 he was recommended by William Sherard to undertake a plant-collecting expedition to Carolina on behalf of certain members of the Royal Society.
From May 1722, Catesby was based in Charleston, South Carolina, and travelled to other parts of that colony, collecting plants and animals.
He sent preserved specimens to Hans Sloane and to William Sherard, and seeds to various contacts including Sherard and Peter Collinson.
He completed the first part in May 1729 and presented it to Queen Caroline; first volume, comprising five parts, was finished in November 1732.
Mark Catesby was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in February 1733 and was made a member of the Society of Gentlemen of Spalding in December 1743.
The second volume containing another five parts was completed in December 1743, and in 1747 he produced a supplement from material sent to him by friends in America, particularly John Bartram, and also his younger brother, John, who was based with a British regiment in Gibraltar.
Mark Catesby married Elizabeth Rowland on 8 October 1747 in St George's Chapel, Hyde Park Corner, but they had been a couple for about 17 years, having at least six children between April 1731 and June 1740.
They were parishioners of St Giles Cripplegate in London and later, when that parish was subdivided, of St Luke Old Street.
He died just before Christmas 1749 on Saturday 23 December in his house behind St Luke Old Street, London, and was buried in its churchyard.
She eventually met pornographic actresses at an adult entertainment convention in Rennes, and decided to try her hand at the sex industry.
Her first experience was a negative one but she eventually met producer Marc Dorcel who made her his first contract performer.
In 1999, after her contract with Dorcel ended, she left the sex industry, and later entirely disavowed her adult film career.
Ken Boshcoff (born June 20, 1949) was mayor of Thunder Bay, Ontario from 1997 to 2003 and a Canadian Member of Parliament for Thunder Bay—Rainy River from 2004 to 2008.
He was obtained work in the Provincial and National Parks systems to pay for his tuition and developed his environmental skills in Quetico, Pukaskwa, Gros Morne, Terra Nova, and the St Lawrence Islands.
After that he joined the family insurance business until moving to the Thunder Bay Port Authority as their Director of Marketing.
He has worked as a mediator and provided advice on governance as well as finding solutions for both not-for-profit organizations and businesses.
Terence James Thomas, Baron Thomas of Macclesfield, (19 October 1937 – 1 July 2018) was a British politician and banker, member of the Labour and Co-operative parties.
Thomas was a pupil at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School in Carmarthen, where his father (William Emrys Thomas 1911-1993) was a transport manager and his mother (Mildred Evelyn née James) ran a greengrocery.
He suffered a stroke in 1999; in his 2010 autobiography, he says this was caused by a hole in the heart of which he had been unaware.
He is a member of the Regional Policy Forum, President of the Society for Co-operative Studies, Honorary President of the North West Co-operative and Mutual Council and Life President of the North West Business Leadership Team.
Having been appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1997 Birthday Honours, he was created a life peer as Baron Thomas of Macclesfield, of Prestbury in the County of Cheshire on 5 November 1997.
He sat in the House of Lords until 18 May 2016, at which point he ceased to be a member pursuant to section 2 of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, having failed to attend during the whole of the 2015-16 session without being on leave of absence.
Ardnamurchan (, : headland of the great seas) is a peninsula in the ward management area of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for being very unspoiled and undisturbed.
From 1930 to 1975 Ardnamurchan also gave its name to a landward district of Argyll, which covered a much wider area, including the districts of Morvern, Sunart and Ardgour.
Strictly speaking, Ardnamurchan covers only the peninsula beyond the villages of Salen (in the south) and Acharacle (in the north), but nowadays the term is also used more generally to include the neighbouring districts of Sunart, Ardgour, Morvern, and even Moidart (which was part of the former county of Inverness-shire, not Argyll).
Ardnamurchan Point, which has the Ardnamurchan Lighthouse built on it, is commonly described as the most westerly point of the British mainland although Corrachadh Mòr, a kilometre to the south, is a few metres further west.
The north western corner of Ardnamurchan consists of a lopolith (previously interpreted as a ring dyke) that has been exposed at the surface.
Evidence for such a structure can be identified from the phenocrysts in the rock exposures around the area of interest which show plagioclase crystals aligned towards the centre of the complex, an alignment caused by magmatic flow within a lopolith.
Relatively small areas of lava that were ejected onto the surface are found in some parts of the peninsula, close in proximity to the inner edges of the area of interest.
The sub-concentric rings of the geologic structure can easily be seen in satellite photographs and topographic maps, though they are less obvious on the ground.
At least seven other similar complexes of the same tectonic episode exist along the west coast of Britain, and these are popular sites for many university geological training courses.
Adomnan of Iona records St Columba visiting the peninsula in the 6th century, and gives the impression that it was settled by Irish Gaels at that time.
Adomnan records in one instance that Columba prophesied to his companions the death of Kings Báetán mac Muirchertaig and Eochaid mac Domnaill before news arrived the same day at a place called 'paradise bay' to tell them the news.
In the second instance, which is said to have occurred in an unnamed rocky spot in the interior, the parents of a boy brought their child to Columba to be baptized but no water could be found, and Columba prayed to God and water miraculously came out of a nearby rock and he prophesied that the child would live a sinful life and later be a saint.
In the third instance, which took place at a spot Adomnan called 'Sharp bay', there was a wicked man named Ioan mac Conaill maic Domnaill who was related to the Cenél nGabraín, and this man attacked Columba's friend and plundered his goods.
Columba met this wicked man and called on him to repent, but he didn't listen and instead boarded his boat with the stolen goods.
He then prophesied to his companions that this man and his boat were going to meet with disaster on the sea, and according to Adomnan, the boat was sunk before reaching land with Ioan drowning at sea along with his stolen goods.
Although its stone foundations still remain, the village of Bourblaige no longer exists, as it was destroyed in the Highland Clearances in the early 19th century.
According to early twentieth-century tradition in Ardnamurchan, two battles were fought in the bays between Gortenfern () and Sgeir a' Chaolais ().
Archaeological finds in the vicinity of Cul na Croise ()—a bay between Sgeir a Chaolais and Sgeir nam Meann—consist of spears, daggers, arrow-heads, and a coin dating to the reign of Edward I, King of England.
These artefacts could indicate that Cul na Croise was the site of conflict fought in the context of the strife between Edward I's representative, Alasdair Óg Mac Domhnaill, and the Clann Ruaidhrí brothers, Lachlann Mac Ruaidhrí and Ruaidhrí Mac Ruaidhrí.
Relics of a Viking ship burial in Cul na Croise have been given to the West Highland Museum at Fort William.
The Ardnamurchan Viking was found buried with an axe, a sword with a decorated hilt, a spear, a shield boss and a bronze ring pin.
Other finds in the grave in Ardnamurchan included a knife, what could be the tip of a bronze drinking horn, a whetstone from Norway, a ring pin from Ireland and Viking Age pottery.
Historically part of the former county of Argyll, it is now part of the Lochaber ward management area of the Highland local authority.
Ardnamurchan Point, adjacent to the most westerly point on the British mainland, has a lighthouse and a view from a sheer rock face of the open Atlantic Ocean.
The norther part of Ardnamurchan forms part of the Morar, Moidart and Ardnamurchan National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection by restricting certain forms of development.
The Rusanov and Karpinsky ice caps, located on the eastern side of the island, feed with glaciers the Matusevich Fjord of the Laptev Sea and the Marat Fjord of the Shokalsky Strait.
The Karpinsky ice cap reaches a maximum height of 963 m and it is also the highest point in Severnaya Zemlya.
The Podemnaya River and the Bolshaya River drain to the northwest between the Vavilov and Albanov glaciers, and the Bedovaya and Obryvistaya Rivers drain to the north between the Albanov and Rusanov ice caps.
The Red Army Strait separates October Revolution Island from Komsomolets Island to the north and from Pioneer Island in the northwest, while the broader Shokalsky Strait separates it from Bolshevik Island to the south.
The island was discovered by Boris Vilkitsky in 1913 during an expedition on behalf of the Russian Hydrographic Service, but its insularity wasn’t proven until 1931, when Georgy Ushakov and Nikolay Urvantsev charted the archipelago during their 1930–1932 expedition.
Schmidt Island () is one of the islands of the Severnaya Zemlya group in the Russian Arctic and was named after Soviet scientist and first head of the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, Otto Schmidt.
It is located at the far northwestern end of the archipelago and lies slightly south of the Arctic Cape on Komsomolets Island.
Schmidt Island is significantly detached from the rest of Severnaya Zemlya regarding the relative proximity of the other main islands to each other.
Owing to its exposed position, the climate in the Schmidt Island's area is much colder than in the rest of the archipelago.
The Fusiliers Museum of Northumberland, formerly the Northumberland Fusiliers Museum, is a museum located within the Abbot's Tower of Alnwick Castle in Alnwick, Northumberland, England.
The museum was first established at Fenham Barracks in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1929 but moved to Alnwick Castle in 1970.
Thus the museum is part of a family of other Fusilier museums: the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers Museum (Royal Warwickshire) in Warwick, the Fusilier Museum (Lancashire) in Bury and the Fusiliers Museum (London) at the Tower of London.
George Simpson, Baron Simpson of Dunkeld (born Dundee, 2 July 1942) is a British businessman and former Labour member of the House of Lords.
Simpson reorganised the company, replacing the three boards of Austin Rover, Land Rover and the Rover Group with one single board.
By this time Rover had been privatised and sold to British Aerospace (BAe) and by early 1990 Simpson had been appointed to the BAe board.
In September 1991 Simpson also assumed the role of Rover chairman when the previous chairman, Sir Graham Day, was appointed as BAe's interim chairman.
In November 1993 he was announced as CEO of Lucas Industries, which under his leadership was merger with US company Verity, which subsequently led to the company being split up and sold off .
He had been part of negotiations which would have seen Honda increase their 20% share in Rover to 47.5% with the aim for a stock market flotation.
In 1999 he sold GEC's defence business, Marconi Electronic Systems, to BAe for £7.7 billion and repositioned the company as a major player in the telecommunications industry as Marconi plc.
Despite a major restructuring the company continued to struggle until 2005 when the loss of a major BT contract forced the company to seek a buyer.
He was created a Life peer as Baron Simpson of Dunkeld, of Dunkeld in Perth and Kinross on 5 November 1997.
Having been on leave of absence from the House of Lords since 2004, he resigned from the House on 30 July 2015.
Through his father, Hume is of part Scottish descent, descended from George Home (1698–1760), a son of the 10th Baron of Wedderburn exiled to Virginia in the aftermath of the First Jacobite Rebellion.
Hume attended St. Albans School in Washington, D.C., at the same time as Al Gore and graduated from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia, with a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1965.
Anderson published a series of classified documents indicating the Nixon administration, contrary to its public pronouncements, had favored Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
After the revelations, Anderson and his staff, including Hume and his family, were briefly surveilled by the Central Intelligence Agency in 1972.
The documents were revealed during President Gerald Ford's administration by congressional hearings and as a result of a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit and the so-called 'Family Jewels' revelations.
In 1973, Hume started working for ABC News as a consultant, and in 1976, he was offered a job as a correspondent, covering the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate for 11 years.
In 1989, he became ABC's chief White House correspondent, covering the administrations of Presidents Bush and Bill Clinton and working closely with ABC anchors Peter Jennings and Charlie Gibson.
In 1996, Hume left ABC for the fledgling Fox News Network for which his wife had recently become chief of the Washington bureau.
After he began at Fox News, Hume was in discussions about starting a Washington-based television news program for the 6 p.m. timeslot.
The Lewinsky scandal began during January 1998, and Hume's wife told him the story was so well known that he should start the show immediately.
Hume's comments were made after the revelation of Woods' habitual adultery and the resulting deterioration of his relationship with his family.
In 1993 Hume married Kim Schiller Hume, who was a Fox News vice president and Washington bureau chief before she retired in 2006.
The Parliament of Southern Ireland was a Home Rule legislature set up by the British Government during the Irish War of Independence under the Fourth Home Rule Bill.
It was designed to legislate for Southern Ireland, a political entity which was created by the British Government to solve the issue of rising Irish nationalism and the issue of partitionism, whilst retaining Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.
The Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a House of Commons (the lower house) with 128 seats and a Senate (the upper house) with 64 seats.
Under the Act of Union 1800 the separate Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were merged on 1 January 1801, to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
In the 1870s the Home Rule League under Isaac Butt sought to achieve a modest form of self-government, known as Home Rule.
This was considered far more acceptable as Ireland would still remain part of the United Kingdom but would have limited self-government.
The cause was then pursued by Charles Stewart Parnell and two attempts were made by Liberal ministries under British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone to enact home rule bills, accompanied by a revival of Ulster's Orange Order to resist any form of Home Rule.
The First Home Rule Bill was defeated in the Commons by 30 votes; the second Second Home Rule Bill was passed, but then defeated in the Lords.
On 11 April 1912, the Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith, introduced the Third Home Rule Bill which allowed for more autonomy than its two predecessors had.
It was defeated twice, but after its defeat for the third time in the Lords the Government used the provisions of the Parliament Act 1911 to override the Lords and send it for Royal Assent, which was received and placed on the statute books on 18 September 1914.
Initially the suspension was not considered an issue by Nationalists, who believed a form of independent self-government had finally been granted and that the war was to be a short one.
Two attempts were made by the Asquith Government to implement the Third Home Rule Act during the war, first in May 1916, which failed to reach agreement with Unionist Ulster, then again in 1917 with the calling of the Irish Convention chaired by Horace Plunkett.
It consisted of Nationalist and Unionist representatives who, by April 1918, only succeeded in agreeing a report with an 'understanding' on recommendations for the establishment of self-government.
Starting in September 1919, with the Government, now led by David Lloyd George, committed under all circumstances to implementing Home Rule, the British cabinet's Committee for Ireland, under the chairmanship of former Ulster Unionist Party leader Walter Long, pushed for a radical new idea.
An amendment to the bill in the House of Lords submitted by The 3rd Baron Oranmore and Browne added a Senate for Southern Ireland, intended to bolster representation of the southern Unionist and Protestant minorities.
The government opposed this on the grounds that it would weaken the function of the inter-parliament Council of Ireland, but it was passed, as was an amendment adding a Senate of Northern Ireland.
The House of Commons of Southern Ireland as established under the original version of Fourth Home Rule Bill was intended as the sole chamber of the Parliament; however the final version of the bill established two chambers with the House of Commons as the lower house of the Parliament.
It consisted of 128 members who were styled as being members of parliament and whose presiding officer was to be known as the Speaker of the House of Commons.
The basic features of the House were constructed from those of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom which was structured in a similar manner.
The franchise was the same as for Westminster elections under the Representation of the People Act 1918: men over 21 and women over 30.
The voting method for the election of MPs was the Single transferable vote with the bill prescribing 16 members being elected from multimember borough constituencies, 104 from multi-member county constituencies and 8 being elected from graduates of Irish Universities, with all members having equal standing in the eyes of the House.
The University seats were broken down into 4 for the University of Dublin and 4 for the National University of Ireland.
On 24 May 1921, elections were held for the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, simultaneously with elections for Northern Ireland, nominally under the single transferable vote.
In reality however, no contests occurred as all 128 MPs were returned unopposed with Sinn Féin winning all 124 seats which made up the borough and county constituencies and the seats allocated to the National University of Ireland and Unionists the 4 seats for graduates of University of Dublin.
The 124 Sinn Féin candidates elected, plus the six Sinn Féin members elected to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland elected at the same time, assembled as the Second Dáil.
On 28 June 1921 the House of Commons, together with the appointed Senate, formally assembled in the Royal College of Science for Ireland, now Government Buildings, in Merrion Street, for a State Opening by His Excellency The 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent, the last Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in London on 6 December 1921 by representatives of the British Government and envoys of the proclaimed Irish Republic who claimed plenipotentiary status.
The meeting is alleged by nationalists not to be a meeting of the House of Commons of Southern Ireland; rather, it was claimed to be merely a meeting of the members elected to sit in the House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
Griffith's actions led to discussions between the Irish Treaty delegation and the British Government over who had authority to convene the 'meeting' as under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (then The 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent) was the office-holder with the entitlement and power to convene a meeting of the House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
The meeting was attended by 64 pro-Treaty TDs and 4 Unionist MPs from the University of Dublin; it elected Alderman Liam de Róiste, one of the representatives of Cork Borough, as chairman (although at this time Eoin MacNeill was Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann), duly ratified the Treaty, and nominated Michael Collins for appointment as Chairman of the Provisional Government.
The MPs in the Commons were also required to take the British Oath of Allegiance; however, those at the ratification meeting took no Oath.
The Senate of Southern Ireland was the upper house of the Parliament of Southern Ireland established by the 1920 Fourth Home Rule Bill.
In practice, however, only forty senators were selected, as the labour movement, the Catholic Church and the county councils (controlled by Sinn Féin) refused to co-operate.
Some were subsequently members of the Free State Seanad (upper house), either appointed by W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council, or elected by the members of the Dáil (lower house).
Donal O'Callaghan was Lord Mayor of Cork throughout the existence of the Senate, but was also returned for Cork Borough in the 1921 election to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
Section 18(4) of the 1920 Act precluded anyone from sitting in both Houses at once; since O'Callaghan boycotted both, the question was moot in his case.
The Senate assembled three times, though its chairman, Sir John Ross, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was too ill to attend.
Since 124 of the 128 members of the House of Commons of Southern Ireland boycotted that chamber, the Parliament could not function.
On 21 June 1921, the week before its first meeting, the Senate sent a petition to David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, arguing for more powers for the Parliament, and stating it would not serve in the event that the elected lower house was replaced by a body appointed by the Lord Lieutenant.
Section 1(2) of the Act provided that for the purposes of giving effect to Article 17 of the Treaty the Parliament of Southern Ireland would be dissolved within four months from the passing of the Act.
It was not until Constitution of the Irish Free State came into force on 6 December 1922 that Southern Ireland formally ceased to exist in UK law.
Bombardier () is a military rank that has existed since the 16th century in artillery regiments of various armies, such as in the British Army and the Royal Prussian Army.
Bombardier (Bdr) and lance-bombardier (LBdr or L/Bdr) are used by the British Army in the Royal Artillery and Royal Horse Artillery.
The same applies to the Royal Australian Artillery, the Royal New Zealand Artillery, the South African Army Artillery and the Armed Forces of Malta.
The rank of lance bombardier originated as acting bombardier, an appointment similar to lance-corporal and was also indicated by a single chevron.
The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay.
The Occupation of the Ruhr industrial area by France and Belgium contributed to the hyperinflation crisis in Germany, partially because of its disabling effect on the German economy.
The plan provided for an end to the Allied occupation, and a staggered payment plan for Germany's payment of war reparations.
At the conclusion of World War I, the Allied and Associate Powers included in the Treaty of Versailles a plan for reparations to be paid by Germany; 20 billion gold marks was to be paid while the final figure was decided.
In 1921, the London Schedule of Payments established the German reparation figure at 132 billion gold marks (separated into various classes, of which only 50 billion gold marks was required to be paid).
German industrialists in the Ruhr Valley, who had lost factories in Lorraine which went back to France after the war, demanded hundreds of millions of marks compensation from the German government.
Despite its obligations under the Versailles Treaty, the German government paid the Ruhr Valley industrialists, which contributed significantly to the hyperinflation that followed.
For the first five years after the war, coal was scarce in Europe and France sought coal exports from Germany for its steel industry.
The Germans needed coal for home heating and for domestic steel production, having lost the steel plants of Lorraine to the French.
To protect the growing German steel industry, German coal producers—whose directors also sat on the boards of the German state railways and German steel companies—began to increase shipping rates on coal exports to France.
In early 1923, Germany defaulted on its reparations and German coal producers refused to ship any more coal across the border.
French and Belgian troops conducted the Occupation of the Ruhr to compel the German government to resume shipments of coal and coke.
Germany characterized the demands as onerous under its post war condition (60 per cent of what Germany had been shipping into the same area before the war began).
To simultaneously defuse this situation and increase the chances of Germany resuming reparation payments, the Allied Reparations Commission asked Dawes to find a solution fast.
The Dawes committee, which urged into action by Britain and the United States, consisted of ten informal expert representatives, two each from Belgium (Baron Maurice Houtart, Emile Francqui), France (Jean Parmentier, Edgard Allix), Britain (Sir Josiah C. Stamp, Sir Robert M. Kindersley), Italy (Alberto Pirelli, Federico Flora), and the United States (Dawes and Owen D. Young, who were appointed by Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).
It was entrusted with finding a solution for the collection of the German reparations debt, which was determined to be 132 billion gold marks, as well as declaring that America would provide loans to the Germans, in order that they could make reparations payments to the United States, Britain and France.
The bond issues were overseen by consortium of American investment banks, led by J.P. Morgan & Co. under the supervision of the US State Department.
The economy of Germany began to rebound during the mid-1920s and the country continued with the payment of reparations—now funded by the large scale influx of American capital.
However, the Dawes Plan was considered by the Germans as a temporary measure and they expected a revised solution in the future.
In 1928, German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann called for a final plan to be established, and the Young Plan was enacted in 1929.
The capital now available to German industry functionally transferred the burdens of Germany's war reparations from German government and industry to American bond investors.
By reducing the supplies of coal to France, which was dependent on German coal, German industrialists managed to hobble France's steel industry, while getting their own rebuilt.
By 1926, the German steel industry was dominant in Europe and this dominance only increased in the years leading to WWII.
It was a metric and coherent system of units, much as SI and the centimetre–gram–second system (CGS), but with larger units for industrial use, whereas the CGS system was regarded as suitable for laboratory use only.
The Young Plan was a program for settling Germany's World War I reparations written in August 1929 and formally adopted in 1930.
It was presented by the committee headed (1929–30) by American industrialist Owen D. Young, creator and ex-first chairman of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), who, at the time, concurrently served on the board of trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation, and also had been one of the representatives involved in a previous war-reparations restructuring arrangement—the Dawes Plan of 1924.
The Inter-Allied Reparations Commission established the German reparation sum at a theoretical total of 132 billion, but a practical total of 50 billion gold marks.
After the Dawes Plan was put into operation in 1924, it became apparent that Germany would not willingly meet the annual payments over an indefinite period of time.
$27 billion in 1929 (US$ billion in 2020) over a period of 58 years, which would end in 1988, few expected the plan to last for much more than a decade.
In addition, the Young Plan divided the annual payment, set at two billion Gold Marks, US $473 million, into two components: one unconditional part, equal to one third of the sum, and a postponable part, equal to the remaining two-thirds, which would incur interest and be financed by a consortium of American investment banks coordinated by J.P. Morgan & Co.
The Committee, which had been appointed by the Allied Reparations Committee, met in the first half of 1929, and submitted its first report on June 7 of that year.
In addition to Young, the United States was represented by J. P. Morgan, Jr., the prominent banker, and his partner, Thomas W. Lamont.
The report met with great objections from the United Kingdom but, after a first Conference in The Hague, a plan was finalised on August 31.
Between agreement and adoption of the plan came the Wall Street Crash of October 1929, of which the main consequences were twofold.
By that time it was clear that the deepening depression had made it impossible for Germany to resume its reparations payments.
Hoover made the obligatory public statement about the lack of any connection between reparations and war debts, however in December 1932, the U.S. Congress rejected the Allied war debt reduction plan, which technically meant that the war reparations and debt reverted to the debt reduction previously granted Germany by the 1929 Young Plan.
The plan ultimately failed, not because of the U.S. Congress' refusal to go along, but because it became irrelevant upon Hitler's rise to power.
After Germany’s defeat in World War II, an international conference (London Agreement on German External Debts, 1953) decided that Germany would pay the remaining debt only after the country was reunified.
Nonetheless, West Germany paid off the principal by 1980; then in 1995, after reunification, the new German government announced it would resume payments of the interest.
Conservative groups had been most outspoken in opposition to reparations and seized on opposition to the Young Plan as an issue.
A coalition was formed of various conservative groups under the leadership of Alfred Hugenberg, the head of the German National People's Party.
This law would renounce all reparations and make it a criminal offense for any German official to cooperate in their collection.
Under the terms of the German constitution, if ten percent of the eligible voters in the country signed a petition in favor of a proposed law, the Reichstag had to put the matter to a vote.
In the subsequent popular vote on December 22, the Liberty Law referendum, voter turnout was only 14.9%, although 94.5% of the votes cast (13.8% of registered voters) were in favor of the proposed law.
While the Liberty Law was not enacted in 1929, the campaign for it was a major factor in bringing Hitler and the National Socialists into the political mainstream.
This formalizes the observation that certain strong baryon decays were not observed, leading to the prediction of the mass, strangeness and charge of the baryon.
In modern descriptions of hadron interaction, it has become more obvious to draw Feynman diagrams that trace through individual quarks composing the interacting baryons and mesons, rather than counting hypercharge quantum numbers.
Yi Ta Hu Tu (; YTHT BBS) is a bulletin board system which was created on September 17, 1999, by student Lepton in Peking University, Beijing, China.
YTHT was originally set up by Lepton, a graduate student at the physics department in Peking University (PKU), on September 17, 1999, serving mainly as a communication platform for the students of PKU.
Since the former PKU bulletin board system, the Unknown Space, was forced to be closed as required by the censorship of the Chinese government, PKU has not been able to hold a BBS of its own for a long term.
Despite the fact that PKU launched its official BBS later on, Wei Ming station, YTHT still managed to burgeon into one of the best and biggest BBS systems in the education network in China with more than 300,000 users, mainly students and well-educated professionals.
On September 20, 1999, the login screen was changed to the one with a tower, a lake and the famous library of PKU.
On May 3, 2000, the first YTHT Committee was democratically elected by YTHT members, for the first time in China's history.
In the history of the development of YTHT, the spirit of freedom and democracy was a priority, although its popularity resulted in huge political pressure and YTHT was banned a few times.
However, since the Chinese education network is segregated from the overseas backbone, the mainland students have difficulties in connecting to the BBS, which actually hurts its popularity.
The gospel is mentioned exclusively in the Mar Saba letter, a document of disputed authenticity, which is said to be written by Clement of Alexandria (c. AD 150–215).
This letter, in turn, is preserved only in photographs of a Greek handwritten copy seemingly transcribed in the eighteenth century into the endpapers of a seventeenth-century printed edition of the works of Ignatius of Antioch.
In 1958, Morton Smith, a professor of ancient history at Columbia University, found a previously unknown letter of Clement of Alexandria in the monastery of Mar Saba situated 20 kilometers south-east of Jerusalem.
The original manuscript was subsequently transferred to the library of the Greek Orthodox Church in Jerusalem, and sometime after 1990, it was lost.
Mark the Evangelist] came over to Alexandria, bringing both his own notes and those of Peter, from which he transferred to his former book [i.e.
Clement quotes two passages from this Secret Gospel of Mark, where Jesus in the longer passage is said to have raised a rich young man from the dead in Bethany, a story which shares many similarities with the story of the raising of Lazarus in the Gospel of John.
The revelation of the letter caused a sensation at the time but was soon met with accusations of forgery and misrepresentation.
Although most patristic Clement scholars have accepted the letter as genuine, there is no consensus on the authenticity among Biblical scholars, and the opinion is split.
As the text is made up of two texts, both may be inauthentic or both may be authentic, or maybe one is authentic and the other inauthentic.
Those who think the letter is a forgery mostly think it is a modern forgery, with its discoverer, Morton Smith, being the most often denounced perpetrator.
Some accept the letter as genuine but do not believe in Clement's account, and instead argue that the gospel is a second century (gnostic) pastiche.
Others think Clement's information is accurate and that the secret gospel is a second edition of the Gospel of Mark expanded by Mark himself.
Still others see the Secret Gospel of Mark as the original gospel which predates the canonical Gospel of Mark, and where canonical Mark is the result of the Secret Mark passages quoted by Clement and other passages being removed, either by Mark himself or by someone else at a later stage.
The scholarly community is divided as to the authenticity, and the debate on Secret Mark therefore in a state of stalemate, although the debate continues.
He had been granted permission by the Patriarch Benedict I of Jerusalem to stay there for three weeks and study its manuscripts.
The text of the letter was handwritten into the endpapers of Isaac Vossius’ 1646 printed edition of the works of Ignatius of Antioch.
In December 1958, to ensure that no one would reveal its content premature, he submitted a transcription of the letter with a preliminary translation to the Library of Congress.
After having spent two years comparing the style, vocabulary, and ideas of Clement's letter to Theodore with the undisputed writings of Clement of Alexandria and having consulted a number of paleographic experts who dated the handwriting to the eighteenth century, Smith felt confident enough about its authenticity and so announced his discovery at the annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in December 1960.
In the following years, he made a thorough study of Mark, Clement and the letter's background and relationship to early Christianity, during which time he consulted many experts in the relevant fields.
Stroumsa, along with the late Hebrew University professors David Flusser and Shlomo Pines and Greek Orthodox Archimandrite Meliton, went to Mar Saba to look for the book.
The group looked into having the ink tested but the only entity in the area with such technology was the Jerusalem police.
Around 1977, librarian Father Kallistos Dourvas removed the two pages containing the text from the book for the purpose of photographing and re-cataloging them.
Dourvas later told Charles W. Hedrick and Nikolaos Olympiou that the pages were then kept separately alongside the book at least until his retirement in 1990.
Olympiou suggests that individuals at the Patriarchate Library may be withholding the pages due to Morton Smith's homoerotic interpretation of the text, or the pages could have been destroyed or misplaced.
In June 1983, Quesnell was given permission to study the manuscript at the library for several days during a three-week period under the supervision of Dourvas.
Yet, Quesnell did not tell his peers that also he had examined the manuscript and did not reveal that he had these high-quality color photographs of the letter at home already in 1983.
When Hedrick and Olympiou published these same photographs in 2000 due to Dourvas having kept copies for himself, they were not aware of this.
The scholarly community was unaware of Quesnell's visit until 2007 when Adela Yarbro Collins briefly mentioned that he was allowed to look at the manuscript in the early 1980s.
A couple of years after Quesnell's death in 2012, scholars were given access to the notes from his trip to Jerusalem.
They show that Quesnell at first was confident that he would be able to establish that the document was a forgery.
But when he found something he thought was suspicious, Dourvas (who was confident that it was authentic eighteenth-century handwriting) would present other eighteenth-century handwriting with similar characteristics.
As of 2019, the manuscript's whereabouts are unknown, and it is documented only in the two sets of photographs: Smith's black-and-white set from 1958 and the color set from 1983.
To refute the teachings of the gnostic sect of Carpocratians, known for their sexual libertarianism, and to show that these words were absent in the true Secret Gospel of Mark, Clement quoted two passages from it.
The first passage, Clement says, was inserted between Mark 10:34 and 35; after the paragraph where Jesus on his journey to Jerusalem with the disciples makes the third prediction of his death, and before Mark 10:35ff where the disciples James and John ask Jesus to grant them honor and glory.
And Jesus, being angered, went off with her into the garden where the tomb was, and straightway a great cry was heard from the tomb.
And after six days Jesus told him what to do and in the evening the youth comes to him, wearing a linen cloth over his naked body.
And the sister of the youth whom Jesus loved and his mother and Salome were there, and Jesus did not receive them.
No separate text of the secret gospel is known to survive, and it is not referred to in any other ancient source.
Some scholars have found it suspicious that an authentic ancient Christian text would be preserved only in a single, late manuscript.
Among scholars, there is no consensus opinion on the authenticity of the letter, not least because the manuscript's ink has never been tested.
From the beginning, the authenticity of the letter was not in doubt, and early reviewers of Smith's books generally agreed that the letter was genuine.
He indicated that the two quotations go back to an original Aramaic version of Mark, which served as a source for both the canonical Mark and the Gospel of John.
Smith argued that the Christian movement began as a mystery religion with baptismal initiation rites, and that the historical Jesus was a magus possessed by the Spirit, Most disturbing to Smith's reviewers was his passing suggestion that the baptismal initiation rite administered by Jesus to his disciples may have gone as far as a physical union.
In the first phase, the letter was thought to be genuine, while Secret Mark often was regarded as a typical apocryphal second-century gospel sprung from the canonical traditions.
This pastiche theory was promoted by F. F. Bruce (1974), who saw the story of the young man of Bethany clumsily based on the raising of Lazarus in the Gospel of John.
Thus, he saw the Secret Mark narrative as derivative and denied that it could be either the source of the story of Lazarus or an independent parallel.
Robert M. Grant (1974) thought that Smith definitely had proved that the letter was written by Clement, but found in Secret Mark elements from each of the four canonical gospels, and arrived at the conclusion that it was written after the first century.
Helmut Merkel (1974) also concluded that Secret Mark is dependent on the four canonical gospels after analyzing the key Greek phrases, and that even if the letter is genuine it tells us nothing more than that an expanded version of Mark was in existence in Alexandria in AD 170.
Like Smith, they mostly thought that the story was based on oral tradition, although they generally rejected his idea of an Aramaic proto-gospel.
Quesnell’s principal argument was that the actual manuscript had to be examined before it could be deemed authentic, and he suggested that it might be a modern hoax.
He said that the publication of Otto Stählin's concordance of Clement in 1936, would make it possible to imitate Clement's style, which means that if it is a forgery, it would necessarily have been forged after 1936.
On his last day of stay at the monastery, Smith found a catalogue from 1910 in which 191 books were listed, but not the Vossius book.
Quesnell and others have argued that this fact supports the supposition that the book never was part of the Mar Saba library, but was brought there from outside, by for example Smith, with the text already inscribed.
Smith found almost 500 books at his stay, so the list was far from complete and the silence from incomplete catalogues cannot be used as arguments against the existence of a book at the time the catalogue was made, Smith argued.
Since at the time, no one but Smith had seen the manuscript, some scholars suggested that there might not even be a manuscript.
Scott Brown, however, finds this argument to be flawed since there is no point in denying the existence of a gospel that the Carpocratians have in their possession.
Brown advocates that Theodore instead is told to assure that the adulterated or forged Carpocratian gospel was not written by Mark, which, according to Brown, would be at least a half-truth and also something Clement could have said for the benefit of the church.
And even though none of Clement's other letters have survived, there seems to have been a collection of at least twenty-one of his letters at Mar Saba in the eighth century when John of Damascus, who worked there for more than 30 years (c. 716–749), quoted from that collection.
And in the early eighteenth century, a great fire at Mar Saba burned out a cave in which many of the oldest manuscripts were stored.
Smith speculated that a letter of Clement could partly have survived the fire, and a monk could have copied it into the endpapers of the monastery's edition of the letters of Ignatius in order to preserve it.
Murgia anyway ruled out the possibility that Smith could have forged the letter as, according to him, Smith’s knowledge of Greek was insufficient and nothing in his book indicated a fraud.
Morton Smith objected to insinuations that he would have forged the letter by, for example, calling Quesnell's 1975 article an attack.
This caused Fortress to withdraw the book from circulation, and a new edition was released in 1985 in which passages that Smith had objected to were removed, and with Beskow emphasizing that he did not accuse Smith of forging it.
Ron Cameron (1982) and Helmut Koester (1990) argued that Secret Mark preceded canonical Mark, which in fact would be an abbreviation of Secret Mark.
Jacob Neusner, a specialist in ancient Judaism, was Morton Smith's student and admirer but later, in 1984, there was a public falling out between them after Smith publicly denounced his former student's academic competence.
Yet Neusner never wrote any detailed analysis of Secret Mark or an explanation of why he thought it was a forgery.
Most patristic scholars think the language is typical of Clement and that in manner and matter the letter seems to have been written by him.
In the main, the Clementine scholars have accepted the authenticity of the letter, and in 1980 it was also included in the concordance of the acknowledged genuine writings of Clement, although the inclusion is said to be provisional.
In 1995, Andrew H. Criddle made a statistical study of Clement's letter to Theodore with the help of Otto Stählin's concordance of the writings of Clement.
Jenkins saw unusual parallels to Clement’s letter to Theodore and Smith’s description of his discovery in 1958, but did not explicitly state that the novel inspired Smith to forge the text.
Later Robert M. Price, Francis Watson and Craig A. Evans developed the theory that Morton Smith would have been inspired by this novel to forge the letter.
Javier Martínez, who thinks the question of forgery is open to debate, regards the suggestion that Hunter’s novel would have inspired Smith to forge the text to be outlandish.
He wonders why it took more than four decades after the story of Smith’s discovery made the front page of the New York Times before anyone realized that this so popular novel was Smith’s source.
In 2003, John Dart proposed a complex theory of ‘chiasms’ (or ‘chiasmus’) running through the Gospel of Mark – a type of literary device he finds in the text.
The fact that, for many years, no other scholars besides Smith were known to have seen the manuscript contributed to the suspicions of forgery.
This dissipated with the publication of color photographs in 2000, and the revelation in 2003 that Guy Stroumsa and several others viewed the manuscript in 1976.
In response to the idea that Smith had kept other scholars from inspecting the manuscript, Scott G. Brown noted that he was in no position to do so.
The manuscript was still where Smith had left it when Stroumsa and company found it eighteen years later, and it did not disappear until many years after its relocation to Jerusalem and its separation from the book.
In 2003 Charles Hedrick expressed frustration over the stalemate in the academy over the text's authenticity, even though the Clementine scholars in the main had accepted the authenticity of the letter.
Carlson claimed to have identified concealed jokes left by Smith in the letter which according to him showed that Smith created the letter as a hoax.
Many scholars became convinced by Carlson's book that the letter was a modern forgery and some who previously defended Smith changed their position.
Yet these theories by Carlson have, in their own turn, been challenged by subsequent scholarly research, especially by Scott G. Brown in numerous articles.
On the first York Christian Apocrypha Symposium on the Secret Gospel of Mark held in Canada in 2011, very little of Carlson's evidence was discussed.
The homoerotic argument, according to which Smith would have written the document to portray Jesus as practicing homosexuality, does not work either.
In 2008, extensive correspondence between Smith and his teacher and lifelong friend Gershom Scholem was published, where they for decades discuss Clement's letter to Theodore and Secret Mark.
Jonathan Klawans does not find the letters to be sufficiently revealing, and on methodological grounds, he thinks that letters written by Smith cannot give a definite answer to the question of authenticity.
A number of scholars have argued that the salient elements of Secret Mark were themes of interest to Smith which he had studied before the discovery of the letter in 1958.
First, they reject the idea that something sexual is even said to take place between Jesus and the young man in Secret Mark, and if that is the case, then there are no forbidden sexual relations in the Secret Mark story.
They argue that Smith, in his doctoral dissertation from 1951, did not link more than two of the elements – the mystery of the kingdom of God to secret teachings.
Further, they claim that Smith in his 1955 article also only linked the mystery of the kingdom of God to secret teachings.
Brown and Pantuck consider it to be common knowledge among scholars of Christianity and Judaism that Clement and Mark 4:11 deal with secret teaching.
Charles W. Hedrick wrote an introduction to the subject, and both Hershel Shanks and Helmut Koester wrote articles in support of the letter's authenticity.
They had at their disposal high-resolution scans of the photographs of the Clement letter and known samples of Morton Smith's English and Greek handwriting from 1951 to 1984.
Venetia Anastasopoulou, a questioned document examiner and expert witness with experience in many Greek court cases, noticed three very different writings.
Anastasopoulou concluded that in her professional opinion, Morton Smith with high probability could not have produced the handwriting of the Clement letter.
However, Agamemnon Tselikas, a distinguished Greek paleographer and thus a specialist in deciding when a particular text was written and in what school this way of writing was taught, thought the letter was a forgery.
Contrary to Anastasopoulou's judgment, he thought some lines were non-continuous and that the hand of the scribe was not moving spontaneously.
He stated that the handwriting of the letter is an imitation of eighteenth-century Greek script and that the most likely forger was either Smith or someone in Smith's employ.
Tselikas suggests that Smith, as a model for the handwriting, could have used four eighteenth-century manuscripts from the Thematon monastery he visited in 1951.
Allan Pantuck could though demonstrate that Smith never took any photographs of these manuscripts and could consequently not have used them as models.
Having surveyed the archives of Smith's papers and correspondence, Allan Pantuck comes to the conclusion that Smith was not capable of forging the letter; that his Greek was not good enough to compose a letter in Clement's thought and style and that he lacked the skills needed to imitate a difficult Greek 18th-century handwriting.
Scott G. Brown and Eckhard Rau argue that Smith's interpretation of the longer passage from Secret Mark cannot be reconciled with its content, and Rau thinks that if Smith really would have forged the letter, he should have been able to make it more suitable for his own theories.
Scott Brown argues though that Smith's usage of the term libertine did not mean sexual libertinism, but freethinking in matters of religion, and that it refers to Jews and Christians who chose not to keep the Mosaic Law.
In each of his books on Secret Mark, Smith made one passing suggestion that Jesus and the disciples might have united also physically in this rite, but he thought that the essential thing was that the disciples were possessed by Jesus’ spirit”.
In his later work, Morton Smith increasingly came to see the historical Jesus as practicing some type of magical rituals and hypnotism, thus explaining various healings of demoniacs in the gospels.
This passage seems to have little to do with the rest of the narrative, and it has given cause to various interpretations.
Several scholars, such as Robert Grant and Robert Gundry, suggest that Secret Mark was created based on Mark 14:51, 16:5 and other passages and that this would explain the similarities.
Other scholars, such as Helmut Koester and J. D. Crossan, argue that the canonical Mark is a revision of Secret Mark.
Koester thinks that an original Proto-Mark was expanded with, among other things, the raising of the youth in Secret Mark and the fleeing naked youth during Jesus’ arrest in Mark 14:51–52, and that this gospel version later was abridged to form the canonical Mark.
In this process, some remnants were left, such as that of the fleeing naked young man, while other passages may have been completely lost.
Hans-Martin Schenke interprets the scene of the fleeing youth in Gethsemane (Mark 14:51–52) as a symbolic story in which the youth is not human but rather a shadow, a symbol, an ideal disciple.
He sees the reappearing youth as a spiritual double of Jesus and the stripping of the body as a symbol of the soul being naked.
In this scenario, a once-coherent story in Secret Mark would, after much of the elements had been removed, form an incoherent story in canonical Mark with only embedded echoes of the story present.
Due to this apparent gap in the story, there has been speculation that the information about what happened in Jericho has been omitted.
According to Robert Gundry, the fact that Jesus cures the blind Bartimaeus on the way from Jericho justifies that Mark said that Jesus came to Jericho without saying that he did anything there.
However, here Jesus is never said to have entered Sidon, and it is possible that this is an amalgamation of several introductory notices.
Others argue that it would be expected that someone later would want to fill in the obvious gaps that occur in the Gospel of Mark.
The resurrection of the young man by Jesus in Secret Mark bears such clear similarities to the raising of Lazarus in the Gospel of John (11:1–44) that it can be seen as another version of that story.
In each story it is the sister whose brother just died who approaches Jesus on the road and asks his help; she shows Jesus the tomb, which is in Bethany; the stone is removed, and Jesus raises the dead man who then comes out of the tomb.
In each story, the emphasis is upon the love between Jesus and this man, and eventually, Jesus follows him to his home.
Judea, then crosses the Jordan River east into Peraea and walks south through Peraea on the eastern side of the Jordan, meets the rich man whom he urges to give all his possessions to the poor and follow him (Mark 10:17–22), comes to Bethany, still on the other side of Jordan, and raises the young man from the dead (Secret Mark 1).
He arrives at Jericho where he does not receive the three women (Mark 10:46 + Secret Mark 2) and then leaves Jericho to meet the blind Bartimaeus and give him back his sight.
Other scholars argue that the authors of Secret Mark and the Gospel of John independently used a common source or built on a common tradition.
The fact that Secret Mark refers to another Bethany than the one in the Gospel of John as the place for the miracle and omits the names of the protagonists, and since there are no traces in Secret Mark of the rather extensive Johannine redaction, or of other Johannine characteristics, including its language, militate against Secret Mark being based on the Gospel of John.
Morton Smith tried to demonstrate that the resurrection story in Secret Mark does not contain any of the secondary traits found in the parallel story in John 11 and that the story in John 11 is more theologically developed.
He concluded that the Secret Mark version of the story contains an older, independent, and more reliable witness to the oral tradition.
For example, Scott G. Brown (while defending the authenticity of Secret Mark) disagrees with Smith that the scene is a reference to baptism.
He thinks this is to profoundly misinterpret the text, and he argues that if the story really had been about baptism, it would not have mentioned only teaching, but also water or disrobing and immersion.
The idea that Jesus practiced baptism is absent from the Synoptic Gospels, though it is introduced in the Gospel of John.
These matters also have a bearing on the debates about the authenticity of Secret Mark, because Brown implies that Smith, himself, did not quite understand his own discovery and it would be illogical to forge a text that you do not understand, to prove a theory it does not support.
Lynn Peterson was elected as the second woman to become mayor of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario on November 10, 2003.
Prior to becoming mayor, Peterson served three years as a member of Thunder Bay City Council, and had nearly 20 years of community service.
Before entering municipal politics, she served four terms on the Lakehead District School Board For three consecutive years she was elected chair of the board, and concluded her career in education governance by being elected president of the Ontario Public School Boards Association.
He was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East Wales from 1979 to 1984, and Member of Parliament (MP) for Rhondda in Wales from 1983 until he stepped down at the 2001 general election .
She was Labour Member of Parliament for Romford from 1997 to 2001, when she lost her seat to Conservative Andrew Rosindell.
Following her defeat to Rosindell, she returned to work as a researcher for the Labour MP for West Ham, Tony Banks.
Bottle Rocket is a 1996 American crime-comedy film directed by Wes Anderson with a screenplay by Anderson and Owen Wilson based on Anderson's 1994 short film of the same name.
The plan is to pull off several heists, and then meet up with a Mr. Henry, a landscaper and part-time criminal known to Dignan.
As a practice heist, the two friends break into Anthony's family's house, stealing specific items from a previously agreed upon list.
This upsets Anthony, as he had purchased the earrings for his mother as a gift and specifically left them off the list.
The three of them buy a gun and return to Bob's house to plan their next heist, which will be at a local bookstore.
Anthony meets Inez, one of the motel maids, and the two spark a romance despite their language barrier (Inez speaks little English, and Anthony barely any Spanish).
Bob learns that his marijuana crop back home has been discovered by police, and that his older brother has been arrested.
Dignan delivers the envelope to Inez while she is cleaning a room, not knowing that the envelope has most of his and Anthony's money inside.
As Dignan is leaving, Inez asks an English-speaking male friend of hers to chase after Dignan and tell him that she loves Anthony.
The car breaks down eventually and Anthony reveals that the envelope Dignan gave to Inez contained the rest of their cash.
Narrating a letter to his sister, Anthony says he and Bob have settled into a routine back at home that is keeping him busy.
Dignan invites Anthony to a heist with Mr. Henry and Anthony accepts on the condition that Bob is allowed in too.
He invites the trio to a party at his house, and visits the group at the Mapplethorpes' house, which he compliments.
The plan quickly falls apart with Kumar unable to crack the safe, and Bob accidentally firing his gun, which in turn triggers a cardiac event in Applejack.
As the police arrive, Dignan has locked himself out of the escape van and is arrested and brutalized by the police.
While Bob and Anthony are saying their goodbyes, Dignan begins rattling off an escape plan and tells his friends to get into position for a get-away.
His films are known for their distinctive visual and narrative styles, and he is regarded by some critics as a modern-day example of the auteur.
He is the son of Texas Ann (Burroughs), a realtor and archaeologist, and Melver Leonard Anderson, who worked in advertising and public relations.
As a child, Anderson made silent films on his father's Super 8 camera and starred his brothers and friends, although his first ambition was to be a writer.
Anderson worked part-time as a cinema projectionist while attending the University of Texas at Austin, where he met future collaborator Owen Wilson.
The film starred Anderson staples Jason Schwartzman and Owen Wilson in addition to Adrien Brody, and the script was co-written by Anderson, Schwartzman, and Roman Coppola.
The film was highly praised and nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, although not earning much more than its production budget.
The film was emblematic of Anderson's style, was a financial success, and earned Anderson another Academy Award nomination for his screenplay.
The film represented one of Anderson's greatest critical and commercial successes, grossing nearly $175 million worldwide and earning dozens of award nominations, including nine Oscar nominations with four wins.
Production on the film started in the United Kingdom in October 2016, and it was released in select theaters on March 23, 2018, and wide on April 6, 2018.
In August 2018, it was reported that Anderson is working on his next film, set in post-war France, and was set to begin filming at Angoulême, beginning in November 2018.
Additionally, he has directed a number of television commercials for companies such as Stella Artois and Prada, including an elaborate American Express ad, in which he starred as himself.
Anderson's cinematic influences include François Truffaut, Louis Malle, Pedro Almodóvar, Satyajit Ray, John Huston, Mike Nichols, Hal Ashby, Stanley Kubrick, Woody Allen, Martin Scorsese, Orson Welles, and Roman Polanski.
Anderson has chosen to direct mostly fast-paced comedies marked by more serious or melancholic elements, with themes often centered on grief, loss of innocence, dysfunctional families, parental abandonment, adultery, sibling rivalry and unlikely friendships.
The plots of his movies often feature thefts and unexpected disappearances, with a tendency to borrow liberally from the caper genre.
Anderson has been noted for his extensive use of flat space camera moves, obsessively symmetrical compositions, knolling, snap-zooms, slow-motion walking shots, a deliberately limited color palette, and hand-made art direction often utilizing miniatures.
These stylistic choices give his movies a highly distinctive quality that has provoked much discussion, critical study, supercuts, and mash-ups, and even parody.
In 2019, the company Murals Wallpaper from the UK launched a line of wallpapers inspired by the visual design of Anderson's films.
Anderson frequently uses pop music from the 1960s and '70s on the soundtracks of his films, and one band or musician tends to dominate each soundtrack.
Its soundtrack won Desplat the Academy Award for Best Original Score, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music and World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Score of the Year.
Anderson's films feature many recurring actors, crew members, and other collaborators, including the Wilson brothers (Owen, Luke, and Andrew), Bill Murray, Willem Dafoe, Jeff Goldblum, Edward Norton, Seymour Cassel, Anjelica Huston, Jason Schwartzman, Kumar Pallana and son Dipak Pallana, Stephen Dignan and Brian Tenenbaum, and Eric Chase Anderson (Anderson's brother).
Samuel Laird Galbraith (18 October 1945 – 18 August 2014) was a Scottish Labour Party politician who had previously been a neurosurgeon of international repute.
At the 1987 general election, he was returned as Member of Parliament for the Strathkelvin and Bearsden constituency, and held the seat until standing down at the 2001 general election.
Galbraith served as Minister for Children and Education in the Scottish Executive under Donald Dewar from 1999 to 2000 and then as Minister for Environment, Sport and Culture.
In prior years he was an avid mountaineer who had climbed all the Munros and also climbed in the Alps and Himalayas.
Galbraith received a lung transplant in 1990, at Freeman's Hospital Newcastle (where he continued to receive treatment), due to fibrosing alveolitis (the same condition which took the life of a sister).
He was educated at Esher Grammar School, Woking Sixth Form College, Jesus College, Cambridge (MA theology 1982), Polytechnic of Central London (Diploma in law 1984) and went on to Gray's Inn as a Wilson Scholar in 1985.
He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wyre Forest in the 1997 general election, but lost his seat in the 2001 election to Richard Taylor, the Independent Kidderminster Hospital and Health Concern candidate.
He became the first Labour MP in the Wyre Forest for many years but lost his seat when he supported changes to the accident and emergency services at Kidderminster General Hospital in the face of public opposition.
The downgrading of emergency services at Kidderminster were the first of many such changes across the country, many of which attracted trenchant local opposition.
In January 2002 he became Chair of the Service Authorities to the National Crime Squad and National Criminal Intelligence Service and was concerned with the merger of those bodies to become the Serious Organised Crime Agency.
He was then involved in a series of high-profile legal cases concerning healthcare and in 2008 returned to practice at the Bar.
David Lock QC is a non-executive board director of Innovation Birmingham and also a non-executive director at Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust.
He is also a Trustee of Brook, the sexual health advice charity for young people and a member of the British Medical Association Medical Ethics Committee.
Born in Northampton, Whitney was educated at Wellingborough School and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, before being commissioned into the Northamptonshire Regiment.
He resigned in 1964 in order to join the Diplomatic Service and served from 1966 to 1968 as first secretary at the British embassy in Peking during the Cultural Revolution.
He also served as deputy High Commissioner to Bangladesh between 1973 and 1976, and, in his final appointment, was head of the Information Research Department, the Foreign Office's counter-propaganda department.
After the 1983 general election he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign Office, moving to occupy the same position at the Department of Health and Social Security from October 1984 to September 1986.
A suicide note or death note is a message left behind when a person dies by suicide, or intends to die by suicide.
However, incidence rates may depend on ethnicity and cultural differences, and may reach rates as high as 50% in certain demographics.
A suicide message can be in any form or medium, but the most common methods are by a written note, an audio message, or a video.
Some fields of study, such as sociology, psychiatry and graphology, have investigated the reasons why people who complete, or attempt, suicide leave a note.
Sometimes there is also a message in the case of murder–suicide, explaining the reason(s) for the murder(s), see for example, Marc Lépine's suicide statement and videotaped statements of the 7 July 2005 London bombers.
He moved to Reykjavík and studied at Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík, there he got in touch with many authors, including Halldór Laxness (they formed a close friendship during the M.R.
In computer programming, specifically object-oriented programming, a class invariant (or type invariant) is an invariant used for constraining objects of a class.
An object invariant, or representation invariant, is a computer programming construct consisting of a set of invariant properties that remain uncompromised regardless of the state of the object.
This ensures that the object will always meet predefined conditions, and that methods may, therefore, always reference the object without the risk of making inaccurate presumptions.
Inheritance can allow descendant classes to alter implementation data of parent classes, so it would be possible for a descendant class to change the state of instances in a way that made them invalid from the viewpoint of the parent class.
The concern for this type of misbehaving descendant is one reason object-oriented software designers give for favoring composition over inheritance (i.e., inheritance breaks encapsulation).
However, because class invariants are inherited, the class invariant for any particular class consists of any invariant assertions coded immediately on that class in conjunction with all the invariant clauses inherited from the class's parents.
This means that even though descendant classes may have access to the implementation data of their parents, the class invariant can prevent them from manipulating those data in any way that produces an invalid instance at runtime.
A common pattern to implement invariants in classes is for the constructor of the class to throw an exception if the invariant is not satisfied.
So, programming languages that provide full native support for design by contract, such as Eiffel, Ada, and D, will also provide full support for class invariants.
For Java, there is a more powerful tool called Java Modeling Language that provides a more robust way of defining class invariants.
The Loki (C++) library provides a framework written by Richard Sposato for checking class invariants, static data invariants, and exception safety level.
The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Inquiry report is the report of an enquiry which was overseen by Lord Justice Taylor, into the causes of the Hillsborough disaster on 15 April 1989, as a result of which, at the time of the report, 95 Liverpool F.C.
It sought to establish the causes of the tragedy, and make recommendations regarding the provision of safety at sporting events in future.
It recommended that all major stadiums convert to an all-seater model, and that all ticketed spectators should have seats, as opposed to some or all being obliged to stand.
The Football League in England and the Scottish Football League introduced regulations that required clubs in the highest divisions (top two divisions in the English system) to comply with this recommendation by August 1994.
The report stated that standing accommodation is not intrinsically unsafe, but the government decided that no standing accommodation was to be allowed at all.
Other recommendations of the Taylor Report included points on items such as the sale of alcohol within stadiums, crush barriers, fences (as many Liverpool fans had been crushed to death against the perimeter fencing at Hillsborough), turnstiles, ticket prices and other stadium items.
The Taylor Inquiry sat for a total of 31 days and published two reports: an interim report which laid out the events of the day and immediate conclusions, and the final report which outlined general recommendations on football ground safety.
Attention was focused on the decision to open the secondary gates; moreover, the kick-off should have been delayed, as had been done at other venues and matches.
In fact, the only two previous occasions when the Leppings Lane terraces had been used to fill the whole of the north and west sides of the ground were at the two semi-finals, in 1987 and 1988.
In 1987, the match was on a Sunday scheduled for 12 noon, and kick-off was postponed for a quarter of an hour because of late arrivals.
That occurred because, as both Club and police should have realised, the turnstile area could not easily cope with the large numbers demanded of it unless they arrived steadily over a lengthy period.
The Operational Order and police tactics on the day failed to provide for controlling a concentrated arrival of large numbers should that occur in a short period.
As a result of the inadequate number of turnstiles, it has been calculated that it would have taken until 3:40 pm to get all ticket holders into the Leppings Lane end had an exit gate not been opened.
Gate C was opened to let fans in, but the number of fans entering the terrace was not thought to have been more than the capacity of the entire standing area.
Once inside the stadium, most fans entering the terraces headed for the central pens 3 and 4, as directed by a large sign above the access tunnel.
Since pens 3 and 4 were full by 2.50 pm, the tunnel should have been closed off whether gate C was to be opened or not.
... [I]t should have been clear in the control room where there was a view of the pens and of the crowd at the turnstiles that the tunnel had to be closed.
If orders had been given to that effect when gate C was opened, the fans could have been directed to the empty areas of the wings and this disaster could still have been avoided.
Standard procedure for league fixtures was to estimate the size of the visiting fan base, determine how many enclosures need to be opened, then fill each standing area one at a time.
For all-ticket games that had sold out, such as semi-final matches, a different approach was adopted whereby supporters were allowed to enter any enclosure they wished upon arrival.
To allow any more into those pens was likely to cause injuries; to allow in a large stream was courting disaster.
When spectators first appeared on the track, the immediate assumption in the control room was that a pitch invasion was threatened.
The anxiety to protect the sanctity of the pitch has caused insufficient attention to be paid to the risk of a crush due to overcrowding.
Certain it was, that once the crush occurred on 15 April gates 3 and 4 were wholly inadequate for rescue purposes.
There were (now discredited) accusations that the behaviour of Liverpool fans contributed to the disaster centred around consumption of alcohol before the game and attempts to enter the ground without a ticket.
Witness estimates of the number of fans who were drunk varied from a minority to a large proportion of the crowd.
He concluded that they formed an exacerbating factor and that police, seeking to rationalise their loss of control, overestimated the element of drunkenness in the crowd.
The Hillsborough Independent Panel later noted that, despite being dismissed by the Taylor Report, the idea that alcohol contributed to the disaster proved remarkably durable.
Documents later disclosed confirm that repeated attempts were made to find supporting evidence for alcohol being a factor, and that available evidence was significantly misinterpreted.
However, analysis of the electronic monitoring system, Health and Safety Executive analysis, and eyewitness accounts showed that the total number of people who entered the Leppings Lane end was below the official capacity of the stand.
Eyewitness reports suggested that tickets were available on the day and tickets for the Leppings Lane end were on sale from Anfield until the day before.
Sadly I must report that for the most part the quality of their evidence was in inverse proportion to their rank.
It is a matter of regret that at the hearing, and in their submissions, the South Yorkshire Police were not prepared to concede they were in any respect at fault in what occurred.
... [T]he police case was to blame the fans for being late and drunk, and to blame the Club for failing to monitor the pens.
Perimeter and lateral fencing was removed, and many top stadiums were converted to all-seated purpose-built stadiums for Premier League and most Football League teams since the report are all-seater.
's Deva Stadium was the first English football stadium to fulfil the safety recommendations of the Taylor Report, with Millwall F.C.
Lord Taylor noted that the evidence he received was overwhelmingly in favour of more seating accommodation, and that most was in favour of reversing the two-thirds to one-third standing-seating ratio.
His final report made 76 recommendations, including a reduction in standing in line with this evidence but that, after a given timescale, all stadiums designated under the Safety of Sports Ground Act 1975 should admit spectators to seated accommodation only.
The Football Spectators Act 1989 contained a regulation requiring football grounds to become all-seated as directed by the Secretary of State.
In July 1992, the government announced a relaxation of the regulation for the lower two English leagues (known now as League One and League Two).
The Football Spectators Act does not cover Scotland, but the Scottish Premier League chose to make all-seater stadiums a requirement of league membership.
In England and Wales, all-seating is a requirement of the Premier League and of the Football League for clubs who have been present in the Championship for more than three seasons.
Several campaigns have been active in attempting to get the government to relax the regulation, and allow standing areas to return to Premiership and Championship grounds.
As a result of the Taylor Report, most clubs refurbished or rebuilt stadiums (partly, and in some cases completely), while others built new stadiums at different locations.
These changes resulted in a number of terraces being replaced by all-seater stands, two of the early examples being Manchester United's Stretford End and Arsenal's North Bank, which were both demolished in the summer of 1992.
The 1990s saw the closure of some of the oldest football stadiums in England, including Middlesbrough's Ayresome Park and Sunderland's Roker Park, in favour of new sites which were more suitable for all-seater capacities that would have been practically impossible on the site of the existing grounds.
The clubs who remained at their existing homes inevitably saw a significantly reduced capacity, with attendances at matches being lower still while the conversion work was taking place, although the clubs who took part in the new FA Premier League from the 1992–93 season had money from the disbursement of the sale of television rights to help fund redevelopment work.
Clubs that had progressed through the football league pyramid from lower levels in a short space of time during the 1990s, were allowed to keep standing accommodation in the top two divisions after the end of the 1993–94 campaign.
The most recent Premier League club to have standing accommodation were Fulham in 2001–02, as they had been in the fourth tier of English football six seasons previously and reached the second tier of English football in 1999.
Clubs to have had standing accommodation in the second tier of English football since the mid 1990s include Reading, Stoke City, Oxford United, Gillingham and more recently Colchester United and Brentford.
Bolton Wanderers had standing accommodation at Burnden Park right up to its closure at the end of the 1996–97 season, after which they relocated to the all-seater Reebok Stadium.
Sunderland, who left Roker Park for the Stadium of Light at the same time, also had standing accommodation in the Premier League during their old stadium's final season in use.
Southampton had converted The Dell into an all-seater stadium in the early 1990s as a short-term measure to comply with the Taylor Report, reducing capacity to 15,200, while a site for a new larger stadium was identified.
Leicester City had briefly considered relocation at the beginning of the 1990s but then decided to redevelop Filbert Street, building a new 9,500-seat stand there in 1993 and filling in the remaining standing areas, although by 1998 relocation was again being considered and finally happened when the Walkers Stadium was completed.
Arsenal had converted Highbury into an all-seater stadium with a capacity of nearly 39,000 in 1993, with further expansion of Highbury considered.
After a failed bid to take over Wembley Stadium, in 1999 the club decided on an industrial site at Ashburton Grove as the site for a new 60,000-seat stadium.
Manchester City had originally taken the option of redeveloping their existing stadium, Maine Road, which became all-seater in 1995 following redevelopment work which gave it a capacity of 35,000.
There were plans for further redevelopment which would have taken the capacity over 40,000, but these were postponed following relegation from the Premier League in 1996, and by the end of the decade, plans for further expansion at Maine Road were abandoned after the club agreed to become tenants at the new Eastlands site, where a new sports stadium was being built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
Wimbledon moved out of the Plough Lane stadium in 1991, to become tenants at Crystal Palace's Selhurst Park, which was redeveloped as an all-seater stadium.
Plans for a new 20,000-seat stadium in the London Borough of Merton were unveiled in 1988, but never materialised and the site was later developed for other uses.
Wimbledon remained tenants at Selhurst Park for twelve years, during which various plans for a new stadium were reported, before relocating to Milton Keynes where they played at the National Hockey Stadium for four years (adopting the name Milton Keynes Dons in 2004) before moving once again into Stadium MK in 2007.
To maintain a presence in the London Borough of Merton, a group of Wimbledon fans set up a new club (AFC Wimbledon) after the move to Milton Keynes was given the go-ahead in 2002, and the club played at Kingstonian's Kingsmeadow Stadium, later taking over ownership of the stadium, although a move to a new all-seater stadium in the Wimbledon area has always been the club's long-term aim.
Coventry City had made their Highfield Road stadium all-seater during the early 1980s, but within a few years, it had reintroduced standing accommodation after the all-seater format proved unpopular with fans; the club later reverted to an all-seater capacity in the early 1990s following the Taylor Report, and left Highfield Road for the larger Ricoh Arena in 2005.
The Sweden national football team () represents Sweden in international football and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association, the governing body of football in Sweden.
Sweden has traditionally been a strong team in international football, with 12 World Cup appearances and 3 medals in the Olympics.
The Swedish team finished second in the 1958 World Cup, when it was the host team, being beaten by Brazil 5–2 in the final.
Sweden, however, lost a game in the Olympics against the Great Britain 1–12, the biggest loss in the Swedish national team's history.
Sweden played in the 1912 Olympics (as hosts), the 1920 Olympics, and in the 1924 Olympics, where Sweden took the bronze and their first medal ever.
In the first round, they were scheduled to play against Austria, but after Germany's occupation of Austria, the Austrian team could not continue playing in the tournament.
In that game the Swedes lost 2–4, and ended in fourth place for the first and only time in Swedish football history.
The Austrian team had qualified without their professional players, which was a surprise since the Austrian league had many professional players who were allowed to play in the tournament.
In the second game, Sweden played against Korea and won 12–0, one of the two largest margin wins Sweden has ever had.
Sweden took on Yugoslavia in the final and won 3–1, with goals by Gunnar Gren (24', 67'), Stjepan Bobek (42') and Gunnar Nordahl (48').
Qualifying for the tournament as one of six European national teams, Sweden played in the same group as Italy and Paraguay.
It was played at the Maracanã Stadium with a total attendance of more than 138,000, to this day the record attendance for the Swedish national team.
The game ended 7–1 to Brazil and it is rumored that almost everyone in the Brazilian audience waved the Swedes goodbye with their scarfs.
The following year, the Football Association decided not to allow foreign professionals to play in the national team and the team failed to qualify for the World Championships in Switzerland in 1954 when Sweden only came second in their qualifying group behind Belgium.
In 1956, the Swedish football federation allowed the professional footballers to play for the national team again, giving Swedish football fans hope for the 1958 FIFA World Cup.
The first game, Sweden vs Mexico, was played at Sweden's national stadium, Råsunda Stadium, Solna, and was attended by around 32,000 people.
The next match was against Hungary, who had finished 2nd in the 1954 World Cup in Switzerland and were also the 1952 Olympic Champions.
Making it through to the quarter-finals, playing at Råsunda for the fourth time in this tournament, Sweden were up against the USSR and won 2–0.
In the qualification round of the 1962 World Cup, Sweden won its group in impressive fashion (scoring 10 goals and only having 3 goals scored against it), but it still had to win a play-off game against Switzerland to qualify.
But only the winner of the group advanced and Sweden was eliminated with a loss in its next game against West Germany.
Sweden's only major success in the '60s was to qualify for the 1970 World Cup, after winning UEFA Group 5 ahead of Norway and France.
Sweden finished third in its group, losing a tie-breaker with eventual #4 Uruguay, and did not advance to the elimination round, however.
Sweden clinched a narrow win via a classic play off-match against Austria in a snowy Gelsenkirchen, and advanced to the World Cup finals in Germany.
That game was the first victory Sweden had in the tournament, when they beat Uruguay 3–0 with goals by Roland Sandberg (74') and Ralf Edström (46', 77').
The situation after the defeat against Poland was that if Sweden lost against West Germany with a single goal difference and Yugoslavia defeated Poland, Sweden would be second in the group and play for the bronze medal.
But since Poland beat Yugoslavia 2–1, Sweden had to win the game against the host nation, West Germany, in order to finish second in the group.
The qualifying session was played in 1976 and 1977 in the World Cup 1978 in Argentina, Sweden played the first match with a draw (1–1) against Brazil.
1–1 was Sweden's best result so far in the World Cup against Brazil context (the result was repeated between the two countries at the World Cup finals in 1994).
Several of the profiles from 1974, still with (Larsson, Edström, Nordqvist) but also new players such as Anders Linderoth, Hasse Borg and Torbjörn Nilsson.
They failed to qualify for the UEFA Euro 1984, despite defeating the then-reigning world champions Italy 3–0 in Naples, including two goals by Glenn Strömberg, due to losing against Romania both away and at home.
Sweden lost their match against Czechoslovakia with 1-2 in the final qualifying round, while Portugal unexpectedly won 1–0 away against West Germany and took second place in the group.
They won their qualification group for the 1990 World Cup ahead of England and went on to their first World Cup in 12 years.
However, the World Cup campaign ended quickly after three 1–2 defeats in the group stage matches, against Brazil, Scotland and Costa Rica.
As of May 2018, it is the only time that Sweden has failed to score points in a World Cup tournament.
After the World Cup, Olle Nordin resigned and Nisse Andersson became a temporary coach until Tommy Svensson took over in 1991.
Sweden qualified for the 1994 World Cup in the United States at the top of their qualifying group ahead of Bulgaria and France.
The first game against Cameroon in Los Angeles looked to be yet another 1–2 loss, (after the 1990 World Cup fiasco with losses of 1–2 in all three games) but in the 75th minute, Martin Dahlin scored the equalizer from a rebound shot off of Henrik Larsson and the match finished 2–2.
Sweden managed to come back, with a penalty goal from Tomas Brolin and two goals from Martin Dahlin, with the final result being 3–1.
In the last group stage match, against Brazil (also in Detroit), they tied 1–1 after goals by Kennet Andersson ('23) and Romário ('47).
In the first knockout-stage match, Sweden faced Saudi Arabia in the extreme heat and humidity of Dallas, where the game started at the hottest time of day- 4:30 p.m. where temperatures went past 40C (104F) in an outdoor stadium.
After Sweden had scored late in the second half, Romania managed to equalize in the dying minutes of the match, sending it into extra time.
Romania's Florin Răducioiu, who scored the first goal for Romania, scored his second of the day to take Romania ahead at the 101st minute.
The penalty shoot-out began with a miss from Håkan Mild of Sweden, but Thomas Ravelli managed to save two penalties from Daniel Prodan and Miodrag Belodedici, giving Sweden the win and making himself a hero.
After Jonas Thern had been sent off with a red card, Romário scored the only goal of the game in the 80th minute.
In the third-place match, Sweden played against a Bulgaria side that had lost to Italy in their semi-final match in New York City.
Sweden finished 3rd and won the bronze medal, the best placing for the national team in a World Cup since the 1958 silver medal.
The national team was knocked out in qualifying for the 1996 European Championships in England and the World Cup in France in 1998.
The qualification for the Euro 96 had started with a win for Sweden 1–0 away against Iceland in September 1994, but then lost against Switzerland away from home.
When Sweden drew 0–0 against Switzerland in Gothenburg in September 1995, it was clear that the team would miss the European Championship finals.
Admittedly, Sweden won against Scotland in the return match in Gothenburg on Walpurgis Night in 1997, but in September 1997 won Austria 1–0 in Vienna.
Sweden qualified impressively for this tournament, winning all games except the away game against England (0–0) and conceding only one goal.
Johan Mjällby scored the goal for Sweden in the 53rd minute after an error by Belgian goalkeeper Filip De Wilde, while Belgium won via goals from Bart Goor in the 43rd minute and Émile Mpenza in the 46th.
Later in the game, Larsson was fouled in the penalty area and Sweden were awarded with a penalty which Larsson himself put in the goal.
In the final group match on 12 June, Sweden played Argentina, who needed to win after losing 0–1 to England in the previous game.
Ariel Ortega shot straight on Magnus Hedman, the Swedish keeper, but Hernán Crespo rushed into the box and shot the rebound from Hedman between the keeper's legs.
The goal was controversial because Crespo began running into the box at the same time as Ortega stepped up to shoot.
He made a terrific run on the right wing past several Senegal players, and shot with his weaker left foot from a tight angle straight at Senegal's keeper Tony Sylva.
Then Svensson made a great spin past a defender and hit the post with a powerful shot, which Sylva would have had no chance of saving, had it gone inside the posts.
Despite another impressive qualifying campaign and the unexpected return of Henrik Larsson, Sweden came into the tournament in Portugal with low expectations.
4–0 was scored by Zlatan Ibrahimović on a penalty and the substitute Marcus Allbäck scored the last goal of the game.
After the 5–0 victory, Sweden became a feared team in the tournament and many were surprised by Sweden's offensive play since they were known to mostly play a defensive form of football.
In the next game on 18 June, they were set up against Italy, who would prove themselves as a very hard opponent.
A great game by Swedish goalkeeper Andreas Isaksson made Sweden survive the rest of the game and after 84 minutes, Zlatan Ibrahimović scored a backheel goal to make it 1–1, which became the final score.
The Dutch goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar saved Mellberg's shot and Sweden lost the penalty shoot out after Arjen Robben converted the following penalty.
At the World Cup draw in December 2005, Sweden were drawn in Group B together with England, Paraguay and Trinidad and Tobago.
Sweden started the World Cup slowly, recording a goal-less draw on 10 June in Dortmund against unheralded Trinidad and Tobago, despite playing with a one-man advantage for most of the game.
The second game, against Paraguay on 15 June in Berlin, looked to be another goal-less draw until Freddie Ljungberg scored with a header in the 89th minute to give Sweden a 1–0 victory.
On 24 June, Sweden's World Cup run came to an end with a 2–0 defeat to the host nation, Germany in Munich, after two early goals by Lukas Podolski.
Defender Teddy Lučić was controversely sent off by referee Carlos Simon, who was captured laughing while holding up a questionable red card.
In their first match in Euro 2008 on 10 June, they beat the reigning European champions, Greece, by a score of 2–0 with goals from Zlatan Ibrahimović and Petter Hansson.
In the final group match on 18 June, the Swedes went on to lose 2–0 to the Russians, eliminating them from the tournament.
In the first game in Tirana, they were only able to tie 0–0 with an Albanian side that they were expected to defeat easily.
Sweden would lose to Denmark on home ground with an early strike from Thomas Kahlenberg after a defensive mistake by Mikael Nilsson.
Several veteran players chose to retire after Sweden failed to reach the World Cup, including Daniel Andersson, Mikael Nilsson and Henrik Larsson, his third and final retirement.
Sweden's Euro 2012 campaign with their new coach, Erik Hamrén, started well with two consecutive wins in Group E against Hungary and San Marino.
After that Sweden lost to the Netherlands in Amsterdam with 1–4, but then won against Moldova first in Stockholm with 2–1 and later in Chișinău with 4–1.
The following game was a defeat when Hungary through Rudolf scored 2–1 home at Stadium Puskás Ferenc at the last minute of full-time.
After that Sweden defeated San Marino with 5–0 away including two goals from Christian Wilhelmsson, who before the two games against San Marino and Hungary hadn't been a regular in the starting eleven during Hamréns tenure as head coach.
The Swedish team then proceeded to beat Finland with 2–1 and in the final game beat the Netherlands with 3–2 to end their streak of 17 consecutive qualification-game wins.
Andriy Shevchenko equalized by heading in a corner just three minutes later, and in the 62nd minute, he scored another header.
Sweden equalized through an own goal by Glen Johnson and took the lead when Olof Mellberg scored 2–1 in the 59th minute.
Zlatan Ibrahimović scored a spectacular flying volley early in the second half and Sebastian Larsson sealed a meaningless 2–0 win during stoppage time.
Playing in Group C of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Sweden finished second behind Germany, and was one of eight teams to move on to the second round of qualification.
A notable result during group play was their match in Germany on 16 October 2012 where they fought back from 4–0 down with 30 minutes remaining to draw the game 4–4 at the Olympiastadion, and was widely regarded as one of the most memorable comebacks in football history.
Sweden's new national stadium Friends Arena in Solna was opened on 14 November 2012 with a friendly match against England, which Sweden won 4–2.
His fourth goal was an extraordinary overhead bicycle kick from 35 yards, which later won the FIFA Puskás Award for goal of the year.
A key win in their group was the home game against Austria on 11 October 2013, as Martin Olsson and Zlatan Ibrahimović both scored in the second half to secure the win at the Friends Arena.
Using the October 2013 FIFA World Rankings, Sweden was ranked 25th overall and would face one of the four highest ranked teams in the second round of qualification.
They were drawn to face Portugal, the team that beat Sweden for a qualification spot in the 2010 World Cup qualifiers.
Competing in Group G of the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifiers, Sweden picked up their first point on the road in Austria with a 1–1 draw on 8 September 2014.
After a 1–1 draw against Russia at the Friends Arena, Sweden then picked up their first win in their next match with a 2–0 result against Liechtenstein.
Sweden then went unbeaten for another three matches before suffering two consecutive defeats, a 1–0 loss to Russia in Moscow and a crushing 4–1 home defeat to group leaders Austria.
Sweden then bounced back to win their final two group games against Liechtenstein and Moldova with the scoreline being 2–0 on both occasions.
They were, however, eliminated from the group stage, losing to Italy and Belgium, drawing with the Republic of Ireland and scoring no goals of their own (their only goal was an own goal by Ciaran Clark).
As a result, they tied with the Netherlands in points, and claimed second place behind eventual world champions France on goal difference.
On 13 November 2017, Sweden qualified for the 2018 World Cup after a 0–0 draw away to Italy at the San Siro during the second leg of their qualification play-off match.
As Sweden had won the first match 1–0, this resulted in a Swedish win on aggregate, making their return to the World Cup for the first time in 12 years.
At the 2018 World Cup, Sweden started its campaign by a 1–0 win over South Korea in the first match on 18 June, through a penalty goal by Andreas Granqvist, decided by the new VAR technology.
With 15 seconds remaining on the five stoppage time minutes, Toni Kroos won the game for Germany by scoring a free kick from just outside the penalty area, after a foul by Jimmy Durmaz.
Despite this loss, Sweden advanced to the knockout stage top of the group with a 3–0 win over Mexico, while Germany were knocked out bottom of the group with a 2–0 loss to South Korea.
On 3 July 2018, Sweden played Switzerland in the round of 16, beating them 1-0 with a goal by Emil Forsberg, and advancing to the quarter finals for the first time since 1994.
Sweden were drawn with Turkey and Russia in the League B. Sweden started their campaign on 10 September with a 2–3 defeat against Turkey in Solna, after leading 2-1 with only a few minutes remaining.
With two matches remaining, Sweden had to win both to top the group and to be promoted to the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League A.
The two wins meant promotion for Sweden to League A and a guaranteed play-off spot for the UEFA Euro 2020, should they not qualify directly via the regular qualification process.
After trailing 0–2 well into the second half, Sweden turned the match around with goals once again by Claesson and Quaison to make it 3–2 late in the game.
However, Ola Kamara equalized for Norway on their only corner of the game to make it 3–3 in the last minute of added time.
On 15 November, Sweden defeated Romania 0-2 in Bucharest with goals by Marcus Berg and Robin Quaison in the first half.
The win meant that Sweden had secured second place in the group and a spot at UEFA Euro 2020, their sixth consecutive European championship.
Sweden were seeded in pot 3 and drawn in Group E together with Poland from pot 1, Spain from pot 2 and Play-Off Winner Path B from pot 4.
The traveling supporters for Sweden's away games showed up for the first time in the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany, and since then Sweden has always had supporters in large tournaments.
In the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Sweden had one of the largest group of supporters during a tournament, especially during the group stage match against Paraguay with around 50,000 Swedish supporters in attendance, plus an additional 50,000 fans watching the game outside the stadium.
The Swedish fans were also voted the best fans during the 2006 World Cup, due to their massive numbers, friendly attitude and love for the game.
The first competitive match between the countries was as 1–0 win for Sweden in the group stage of UEFA Euro 1992.
In UEFA Euro 2004 the teams drew 2–2 in the last group stage match, ensuring that both teams advanced at the expense of Italy.
In the qualification for UEFA Euro 2008, Sweden were awarded a 3–0 win away against Denmark after a Danish fan invaded the pitch and attacked the referee.
In the qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Sweden lost both matches against Denmark by 1–0 and failed to qualify for the World Cup.
In the play-offs round of the qualification for UEFA Euro 2016, Sweden defeated Denmark by 4–3 on aggregate to qualify for the final tournament.
According to FIFA, Råsunda Stadion was a classic stadium, one of only two stadiums in the world, the other one being the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California, USA, which hosted both the men's and women's World Cup final (1958 FIFA World Cup final and the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup).
It was Råsunda stadium and Valhalla stadium in Gothenburg that were the first football fields with grass used for Swedish football.
The stadium was used for the football tournament in the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, and hosted 8 games during the FIFA World Cup 1958.
In the UEFA European Championship in 1992, the stadium hosted 4 games and in the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup it hosted only the final game.
Ullevi in Gothenburg is used for some games which Sweden plays, such as the centennial game of the Swedish football association, against England in 2004.
After the 1988 Olympics, the football event was changed into a tournament for U23 teams with a maximum of three older players.
The following 22 players were called up for the friendly matches against Moldova on 9 January 2020 and against Kosovo on 12 January 2020.
This is a list of captains who either have played 30 or more matches as team captain or have played a match as team captain in a major tournament (FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro and Olympic Games).
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory.
However, Neumann and Morgenstern mentioned that a theory of subjective probability could be provided, and this task was completed by Jimmie Savage in 1954 and Johann Pfanzagl in 1967.
He then used Bayes' theorem to update these subject probabilities in light of new information, thus linking rational choice and inference.
The House of Wettin () is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.
The dynasty is one of the oldest in Europe, and its origins can be traced back to the town of Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt.
Agnates of the House of Wettin have, at various times, ascended the thrones of Great Britain, Portugal, Bulgaria, Poland, Saxony, and Belgium.
Around 1000, the family acquired Wettin Castle, which was originally built by the local Slavic tribes (see Sorbs), after which they named themselves.
The family advanced over the course of the Middle Ages: in 1263, they inherited the landgraviate of Thuringia (although without Hesse) and in 1423, they were invested with the Duchy of Saxony, centred at Wittenberg, thus becoming one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire.
The family split into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony divided the territories hitherto ruled jointly.
The Ernestine predominance ended in the Schmalkaldic War (1546/7), which pitted the Protestant Schmalkaldic League against the Emperor Charles V. Although itself Lutheran, the Albertine branch rallied to the Emperor's cause.
After the Battle of Mühlberg, Johann Friedrich der Großmütige, had to cede territory (including Wittenberg) and the electorship to his cousin Moritz.
The Ernestine line was thereafter restricted to Thuringia and its dynastic unity swiftly crumbled, dividing into a number of smaller states, the Ernestine duchies.
Nevertheless, with Ernst der Fromme, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (1601–1675), the house gave rise to an important early-modern ruler who was ahead of his time in supporting the education of his people and in improving administration.
In the 18th century, Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, established what was to become known as Weimar Classicism at his court in Weimar, notably by bringing Johann Wolfgang von Goethe there.
The Albertine Wettins maintained most of the territorial integrity of Saxony, preserving it as a significant power in the region, and used small appanage fiefs for their cadet branches, few of which survived for significant lengths of time.
The Ernestine Wettins, on the other hand, repeatedly subdivided their territory, creating an intricate patchwork of small duchies and counties in Thuringia.
The junior Albertine branch ruled as Electors (1547–1806) and Kings of Saxony (1806–1918), and also played a role in Polish history: two Wettins were Kings of Poland (between 1697–1763) and a third ruled the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1814) as a satellite of Napoleon.
After the Napoleonic Wars, the Albertine branch lost about 40% of its lands (the economically less-developed northern parts of the old Electorate of Saxony) to Prussia, restricting it to a territory coextensive with the modern Saxony (see Final Act of the Congress of Vienna 18 May 1815).
Both are however not recognized by the Nobility Archive in Marburg as well as by the Conference of the Formerly Ruling Houses in Germany.
Prince Rüdiger, because his father Timo was expelled from the House of Wettin, Prince Alexander because he is not of noble descent (father was Roberto Afif from Lebanon).
The senior (Ernestine) branch of the House of Wettin lost the electorship to the Albertine line in 1547, but retained its holdings in Thuringia, dividing the area into a number of smaller states.
One of the resulting Ernestine houses, known as Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld until 1826 and as Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after that, went on to contribute kings of Belgium (from 1831) and Bulgaria (1908–1946), as well as furnishing husbands to queens regnant of Portugal (Prince Ferdinand) and the United Kingdom (Prince Albert).
From King George I to Queen Victoria, the British Royal family was called the House of Hanover, being a junior branch of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg and thus part of the dynasty of the Guelphs.
In the late 19th century, Queen Victoria charged the College of Heralds in England to determine the correct personal surname of her late husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha—and, thus, the proper surname of the royal family upon the accession of her son.
Severe anti-German sentiment during World War I (1914-1918) led some influential members of the British public (especially radical Republicans such as H. G. Wells) to question the loyalty of the royal family.
He has composed many scores for feature films and television, and has won numerous awards for his soundtrack and record work, including an Academy Award and ten Grammy Awards.
Born in Littleton, Colorado, he studied music at the University of Colorado at Boulder and was awarded his degree in 1956.
In the late 1970s, he started GRP Records with his business partner, Larry Rosen, and began to create some of the first commercial digital recordings.
From 2000-11, Grusin concentrated on composing classical and jazz compositions, touring and recording with collaborators, including pianist and composer Lorraine Feather and guitarist Lee Ritenour.
In Semitic linguistics, an emphatic consonant is an obstruent consonant which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents.
In specific Semitic languages, the members of this series may be realized as uvularized or pharyngealized, velarized, ejective, or plain voiced or voiceless consonants.
It is also used, to a lesser extent, to describe cognate series in other Afro-Asiatic languages, where they are typically realized as ejective, implosive, or pharyngealized consonants.
In Semitic studies, they are commonly transcribed using the convention of placing a dot under the closest plain obstruent consonant in the Latin alphabet.
With respect to particular Semitic and Afro-Asiatic languages, this term describes the particular phonetic feature which distinguishes these consonants from other consonants.
Thus, in Arabic emphasis is synonymous with a secondary articulation involving retraction of the dorsum or root of the tongue, which has variously been described as velarization or pharyngealization depending on where the locus of the retraction is assumed to be.
It is governed by the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) and stages its home fixtures at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin.
Between 1924 and 1936, the team competed as the Irish Free State and from then until 1950, it was referred to by the FAI as Éire or Ireland.
In 1953, FIFA decreed that for competitive matches in tournaments that both Irish teams may enter, the FAI team would be officially called the Republic of Ireland while the IFA team was to be named Northern Ireland.
Northern Ireland was allowed to use the title Ireland by FIFA in the Home International Competition until it was discontinued in 1984.
The Republic of Ireland was the first nation from outside the United Kingdom to defeat England at home in a fixture played at Goodison Park, Liverpool, in 1949.
The team also reached the quarter-final stage of the 1964 European Nations' Cup, where they lost to the eventual champions Spain.
Under the guidance of Jack Charlton, the team enjoyed its most successful era, reaching their highest FIFA world ranking ever at sixth in August 1993, and qualifying for UEFA Euro 1988 in their first appearance at the UEFA European Championship, reaching the quarter-finals of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in their first ever appearance at the finals, as well as making the last 16 at the 1994 edition.
Charlton's successor Mick McCarthy lost out on the next two major tournaments but ultimately qualified for the 2002 World Cup, making it to the last 16.
Under Giovanni Trapattoni, the team narrowly lost out on qualification for the 2010 World Cup during a controversial play-off, but went on to qualify for Euro 2012.
The Republic of Ireland also fell to a record low FIFA ranking of 59th, then a record low of 70th in June 2014.
For the next Euro qualifying campaign under manager Martin O'Neill, the Republic of Ireland finished third behind Germany and Poland, but went on to qualify for Euro 2016 after a 3–1 aggregate win over Bosnia and Herzegovina in the play-offs.
Between 1882 and 1924, Ireland was represented by a single national football team organised by the Belfast-based Irish Football Association (IFA).
Following the initial political upheavals surrounding Partition, a Dublin-based organisation calling itself the Football Association of the Irish Free State (FAIFS) split from the IFA in 1921 and began organising its own league and national football team.
In 1923, the FAIFS was recognised by FIFA as the governing body of football in the Irish Free State and at the 1924 Summer Olympics, the Irish Free State made their international debut.
On 14 June 1924, the Irish Free State made their home debut against the United States, who had embarked on a brief European tour after competing in the same Summer Olympics.
The Irish Free State did not play their next game until 21 March 1926, an away game against Italy lost 3–0.
In subsequent years, the status of the Olympic Games football competition was downgraded and as a result, this game is widely regarded as the Irish Free State's first official game.
On 25 February 1934, the Irish Free State made their FIFA World Cup debut, drawing 4–4 with Belgium at Dalymount Park in a 1934 FIFA World Cup qualifier.
Paddy Moore scored all four of the Free State's goals and became the first player ever to score four goals in a World Cup game.
Both Associations, the Northern Ireland-based IFA and the Irish Free State-based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and considered themselves entitled to select players from the entire island.
A 2–0 win over England at Goodison Park on 21 September 1949 was the first time England suffered a home defeat by a team outside the Home Countries of Scotland, Wales and the Ireland team run by the Belfast-based Irish FA.
Four players – Tom Aherne, Reg Ryan, Davy Walsh, Con Martin – actually played for the two different teams in the same FIFA World Cup tournament.
All four players concerned had been born in the Irish Free State and made their full international debut in FAI colours before agreeing to represent the IFA team.
This may have alarmed the FAI, since they subsequently lobbied FIFA to prevent the IFA from picking Southern-born players (as well as attempting to exert pressure on the players themselves, sometimes through their clubs).
In their home game against England, Alf Ringstead put the hosts 1–0 up before John Atyeo equalised in the last minute to salvage a 1–1 draw for England.
Under the rules of the day, a win for the Republic of Ireland would have meant a play-off with England for a place in the World Cup.
After reaching the quarter-finals of the 1964 European Nations' Cup, the Republic of Ireland were drawn to face Spain and Syria in 1966 World Cup qualifying.
Despite Syria's withdrawal, this was still considered a qualifying group with the Irish winning 1–0 at home and losing 4–1 away.
This meant a play-off at the Parc des Princes in Paris, which Spain won 1–0 Eamon Dunphy made his Ireland debut in this game.
The play-off was originally scheduled to take place at Wembley Stadium in London, home to a large Irish diaspora, but the FAI agreed with the Royal Spanish Football Federation to have the match moved to Paris, where a large Spanish diaspora lived.
In 1965, the Republic of Ireland team made history when selecting Manchester United full-back Shay Brennan for the senior national team.
This was the first instance of a player born outside the Republic being selected to play for the national team due to having an Irish parent.
Since then, many of the Republic's most prominent players have been born in England, including Mark Lawrenson, David O'Leary, John Aldridge, Tony Cascarino and David Kelly.
His two years in charge were marked by exceptionally poor results, however with the team losing five out of six matches and gaining just one point in their 1970 World Cup qualification, and doing no better in the UEFA Euro 1972 qualifiers, leading to his dismissal.
His replacement, Liam Tuohy, did a somewhat better in the 1974 qualification, and more importantly oversaw major improvements to the national team's training facilities and persuaded many English club sides to end their policies of not releasing Irish players for international games during the domestic season.
Ultimately, however, the team still failed to qualify for the World Cup, and Tuohy resigned following a dispute over his wages.
After a less than impressive performance at Euro 1980 qualifying, in which the team finished well behind group winners England and Northern Ireland, Giles resigned, saying that he had taken the national side as far as he could.
Eoin Hand took over as manager for the 1982 World Cup qualifiers, and once more the Republic of Ireland narrowly missed out on qualification, this time on goal difference behind France, whom they had defeated at home once more.
In 1986, the Republic of Ireland appointed Jack Charlton, a top rated English manager who had been part of England's World Cup-winning side of 1966.
During the 1970s, he had developed Middlesbrough into a side which provided many players to the dominant Liverpool team of the time.
After taking charge of the Republic of Ireland, Charlton influenced changes in the national side which resulted in arguably the most successful period of its history, qualifying for two World Cups and a European Championship.
With Ireland's fixtures already complete, qualification was secured through Gary Mackay's 87th-minute goal in Sofia when Scotland beat Bulgaria 1–0; the Scottish win left Ireland top of the group.
In the finals in West Germany, Ireland beat England 1–0 in Stuttgart with a header from Ray Houghton; drew 1–1 with the Soviet Union in Hannover, with Ronnie Whelan the scorer; and lost to eventual champions the Netherlands 1–0 in Gelsenkirchen, coming within seven minutes of a draw that would have meant a semi-final place.
Virtually the entire country watched as they beat Romania on penalties, with Packie Bonner making a vital save and David O'Leary scoring the decisive spot-kick.
After missing out on Euro 1992 (despite being unbeaten in qualifying), the Republic of Ireland qualified for the 1994 World Cup, held in the United States, via a qualification group which again included Spain and Northern Ireland, and ended with the Republic finishing above European champions Denmark by a very narrow margin (goals scored).
In their first match at the 1994 finals, they beat the previous World Cup hosts and third-place finishers, Italy, 1–0 in their opening game at Giants Stadium just outside New York City, but lost to Mexico 2–1 at the Citrus Bowl in the heat and humidity of Orlando, Florida.
Ireland finished second behind Portugal in Euro 1996 qualifying's Group 6, but narrowly missed out on the Euro 1996 finals after losing 2–0 to the Netherlands in a play-off, played at Anfield between the two worst group runners-up, with Patrick Kluivert scoring both goals to send his team through.
Ireland just managed to finish second to Romania in their 1998 World Cup qualification campaign after Tony Cascarino scored a late goal to win the away match with Lithuania.
A play-off with Belgium followed, with the match at Lansdowne Road finishing in a 1–1 draw, the match in Belgium finishing 2–1 to the home team and substitute David Connolly being sent off in the latter, preventing Ireland from progressing to the 1998 World Cup.
Macedonia scored a last-minute equaliser that denied Ireland top spot in the group; instead, they faced Turkey in a play-off to decide which team would participate in Euro 2000.
The match in Dublin finished in a 1–1 draw, although Turkey qualified through the away goals rule after a 0–0 draw, at the end of which Tony Cascarino became involved in a fight and retired from international football.
Ireland took on both Portugal and the Netherlands in 2002 World Cup qualifiers in UEFA's Group 2, ending the group in second place with 24 points from 10 matches (seven victories and three draws).
The match in Dublin finished in a 2–0 victory to Ireland with goals from Ian Harte (penalty) and Robbie Keane, while the match in Tehran, played in front of 100,000 spectators, finished in a 1–0 win for Iran.
McCarthy thus managed to lead Ireland to the 2002 World Cup final stages, though only for the team to lose inspirational captain Roy Keane due to the pair's infamous public spat in Saipan.
1–1 draws with Cameroon and Germany were followed by a 3–0 victory over Saudi Arabia in Group E. The Irish once again progressed to the knockout stage, only losing narrowly 3–2 on penalties to Spain in Suwon after Robbie Keane's last minute equalising penalty kick forced the game into extra-time.
After a poor start to qualifying for Euro 2004, McCarthy was replaced by Brian Kerr, but he too struggled to guide the side to the tournament or the subsequent 2006 World Cup in Germany, and was ultimately sacked in October 2005.
Under Staunton, results varied widely but the team still failed to qualify for Euro 2008 and Staunton lost the position in October 2007.
His reign included a humiliating 5–2 defeat to Cyprus during the qualifiers' Group D, one of the worst defeats in the team's history.
Ireland went down 1–0 in the first leg, and lost 2–1 on aggregate, with William Gallas scoring a controversial goal in extra time in the second leg after Thierry Henry had handled the ball before crossing for Gallas to score.
In 2011, Ireland hosted and won the inaugural Nations Cup with wins against Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland without conceding a goal.
Euro 2012 was Ireland's first major tournament since 2002, but in Group C they lost all three matches, against Croatia, Spain and Italy.
UEFA, however, announced a special award for the fans of the Irish team, who notably sang in the last few minutes against Spain, despite trailing 4–0.
Ireland were drawn in Group C of UEFA's 2014 World Cup qualification alongside Germany, Sweden, Austria, the Faroe Islands and Kazakhstan.
Ireland then lost against Sweden and Austria in early September 2013, effectively ending the qualification campaign, and Giovanni Trapattoni resigned as team manager the following day.
On 5 November 2013, the FAI announced that Martin O'Neill would be Trapattoni's replacement as manager, with former team captain Roy Keane as his assistant.
They assumed their roles when the team met on 11 November where they won against Latvia 3–0 and drew against Poland 0–0.
For the Euro 2016 qualification phase, the Republic of Ireland were drawn in Group D against Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Poland and Scotland.
The team played against Gibraltar for the first time, beating them 7–0, and scored an away draw against World Cup champions, Germany, a few days later in October 2014.
On 8 October 2015, the Republic of Ireland beat world champions Germany 1–0 in a Euro 2016 qualifier at the Aviva Stadium.
Shane Long scored the game's only goal with an excellent finish in the 70th minute, rewarding the Republic of Ireland's impressive defensive display.
The result, hailed as one of the Republic of Ireland's greatest, guaranteed the Republic of Ireland a play-off place at least, with hopes of automatic qualification still a reality going into the final group game against Poland in Warsaw.
A win, or a draw of 2–2 or more, would guarantee at least second place in the group and ensure automatic qualification for the finals in France.
The only previous meeting between the teams resulted in a 1–0 win for the Republic of Ireland in a friendly in 2012, Shane Long scoring the game's only goal.
A goal from Robbie Brady almost secured a victory for the Irish until Edin Džeko equalised 1–1 to end off the match.
In the second leg played at the Aviva Stadium, Jonathan Walters scored two goals leading to a 2–0 victory for the Irish.
In their opener at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, Paris, Wes Hoolahan scored the opener with a spectacular half-volley off a Séamus Coleman cross, but Sweden equalised after Ciaran Clark headed into his own net attempting to clear a cross from Zlatan Ibrahimović, leading to a 1–1 draw.
At the Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux against Belgium, the Belgians cruised to a 3–0 victory after two goals from Romelu Lukaku and one from Axel Witsel, leaving Ireland needing to win their final match against already qualified Italy to qualify for the knockout stage.
Against Italy at the Stade Pierre-Mauroy in Villeneuve-d'Ascq, Lille, Ireland played strongly but were five minutes plus stoppage time away from elimination when Robbie Brady headed in Hoolahan's cross.
Ireland took the lead in the match with an early penalty from Robbie Brady, but France went on to win 2–1 to advance to the quarter-finals.
The 2018 World Cup qualification draw took place on 25 July 2015 when the team were drawn in Group D against Austria, Georgia, Moldova, Serbia and Wales.
However, a run of three draws against Wales, Austria and Georgia followed by a devastating 1–0 loss at home to Serbia looked to have diminished any chances of the Republic of Ireland qualifying for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
The Republic of Ireland were soon back on form however after securing a 2–0 victory at home to Moldova thanks to a brace from Daryl Murphy.
On 9 October 2017, Ireland defeated Wales 1–0 in Cardiff to qualify for the qualification play-offs after a James McClean goal fired Ireland to second place in the group.
In the second leg on 14 November in Dublin, Ireland lost 5–1 to Denmark after taking the lead in the game.
Shane Duffy's early header looked to have given the Republic of Ireland hope in qualifying for their first World Cup since 2002, however, an Andreas Christensen goal, a Christian Eriksen hat-trick and a late Nicklas Bendtner penalty shattered Irish dreams.
Ireland competed in the first UEFA Nations League from September to November in 2018 and went on to finish bottom of their group, picking up just two points in two 0-0 draws against Denmark and were relegated to UEFA Nations League C for the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League.
On 21 November 2018, manager Martin O'Neill and assistant manager Roy Keane left their posts with the Republic of Ireland football team following a run of poor results.
The FAI confirmed on the weekend of 23 November 2018, Mick McCarthy’s appointment as the Republic of Ireland manager after the 59-year-old agreed to accept the vacancy following a meeting with John Delaney.
McCarthy appointed Terry Connor, his assistant from spells at Wolves and Ipswich Town, as his assistant along with Ireland’s record goalscorer Robbie Keane on the backroom team.
The wins left them top of the group, a position they still held 3 games later in mid September 2019, with just 3 games remaining.
The second strip is usually the reverse of these colours, although there have been exceptions, such as an orange shirt in the late 1990s.
A black jersey with a green stripe across the chest was worn in the final game of the 2011 Nations Cup against Scotland and in a friendly against Italy in Liège, Belgium.
In March 2009, Umbro signed a deal with the FAI to keep them as kit suppliers to the team until 2020.
Since the 1980s, most home matches have been played at Lansdowne Road, Dublin, the national rugby stadium owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU).
The first football match in the Aviva was Manchester United against a League of Ireland XI side, managed by Damien Richardson, on 4 August 2010.
Aviva Stadium is jointly owned by the IRFU and FAI, although it will return to solely IRFU ownership on expiry of the current 60-year lease.
The first football international played at Lansdowne Road by a FAI team was a friendly against Italy in 1971 (an IFA team first played in 1878 against England); a 5–0 victory over San Marino in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group D match on 15 November 2006 was the last game there before the reconstruction.
The all-seater capacity of Lansdowne Road prior to the renovation was 36,000, although higher attendances, using the standing only areas, were permitted for friendly matches.
The opening game at the Aviva Stadium, a controversial 1–0 friendly defeat to Argentina, was noted for Robbie Keane securing his membership in the FIFA Century Club and manager Giovanni Trapattoni's absence due to surgery, with assistant manager Marco Tardelli taking charge.
With the announcement of the rebuilding of Lansdowne Road, a new venue was required to stage the Republic of Ireland's home internationals.
The only stadium in Ireland deemed suitable to stage international football was the 84,500 capacity Croke Park, home of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).
Initially, four UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group D matches were played at Croke Park in 2007, resulting in two wins and two draws.
The GAA initially agreed to allow the FAI use until the end of 2008, and later extended the permission until the completion of Aviva Stadium.
The Hill 16 end of Croke Park is a terrace, which means like Lansdowne Road before it, the capacity of the stadium was reduced to around 74,500 for competitive matches as temporary seating must be used.
Prior to the 1980s, the Republic of Ireland played most home games at Dalymount Park, home of Bohemians, but progressively more games were played at Lansdowne Road following a safety review which reduced Dalymount's capacity.
The Republic of Ireland have also played home matches in Tolka Park (twice) and the RDS Arena in Dublin as well at the Mardyke and Flower Lodge grounds in Cork.
Sky Sports shows most of Irelands friendly matches, while RTÉ shows competitive games such as World Cup and European Championship qualifiers.
RTÉ briefly lost its broadcast rights in 2002 when the FAI controversially sold them in a multi-million deal to Sky Sports, a subscription based satellite channel.
The FAI was eventually forced to reverse its decision and to allow RTÉ to continue its broadcasts after the government intervened to stop the sale of important Irish sporting events to non-terrestrial television broadcasters.
The selection of young players born in Northern Ireland, especially those who have already represented Northern Ireland at youth level, into Republic of Ireland national teams has been controversial, as these players are able to claim Irish nationality even though born and brought up outside the Republic's territory.
In Northern Ireland it is seen by Northern Ireland supporters as having the effect of dividing international football in their country along sectarian lines, whereby Nationalists will declare for the Republic of Ireland while Unionists continue to play for Northern Ireland.
It has also been argued that it is actually the sectarian divisions, which already existed in Northern Irish football, that are a factor in a number of players switching to the Republic.
The following players were called up for the friendly against New Zealand on 14 November and for the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying Group D match against Denmark on 18 November 2019.
In the 1934 qualifiers, Paddy Moore (v. Belgium) became the first player anywhere to score 4 goals in a World Cup match.
For the 1950 World Cup, after three qualified teams withdrew, FIFA invited the FAI to compete as a replacement, however they declined.
During qualification for the 1962 World Cup, it was the only qualifying tournament in which the team had a 0% record.
The match ended 0–0 and Ireland won on penalties 5–4 which sent Ireland into the quarter-final showdown against the tournament host Italy.
There Ireland lost 1–0 via a Salvatore Schillaci goal in the 38th minute that sent the Irish out of the competition.
Ireland won their first game against Italy which was the first time Ireland had won a World Cup match and their first ever victory over Italy with a spectacular goal from Ray Houghton.
Ireland lost against Mexico in the second group match and drew with Norway but still made to the knockout phase where they faced the Netherlands.
Ireland went the whole campaign unbeaten, beating the Netherlands 1–0 in the process courtesy of a Jason McAteer goal that helped Ireland qualify.
Ireland drew in their first match against Cameroon and in their second match they drew again against the tournaments runner up Germany.
In Ireland's final group match, they defeated Saudi Arabia, their second ever victory in a World Cup and progressed them to the round of 16.
With failure to qualify for the 2006 World Cup, Ireland reached a play-off against France for a place at the 2010 World Cup.
France's Thierry Henry's handball stirred international controversy after the move set up William Gallas to score in extra-time of the second leg of the play-off; the referee did not notice and allowed the goal to stand, leading to widespread media controversy, protests at the French embassy in Dublin and comments from senior government officials from both countries.
On 12 June 1988 in Stuttgart, the Irish team took to the pitch in its first match at a major championship finals against England.
Ireland took on the former Soviet Union next and took the lead late in the first half via a spectacular volley from Liverpool's Ronnie Whelan.
Unfortunately for both Whelan and Ireland the lead was cancelled out midway through the second half by Oleh Protasov as the match ended in a 1–1 draw.
It was not until 2011 that Ireland clinched a place at another European Championship, qualifying for Euro 2012 with a 5–1 aggregate victory over Estonia.
At the tournament itself, however, Ireland lost all three of its matches and conceded nine goals, the nation's worst performance in a major tournament to date.
In the group stages they drew 1–1 with Sweden, having initially taken the lead through a Wes Hoolahan strike, before being beaten 3–0 by Belgium in the following game.
However, a 1–0 victory over Italy in their final game, courtesy of a late header from Robbie Brady, earned the side a spot in the round of 16, the first time the team had ever advanced from the group stage at a European Championship.
In the round of 16, Ireland faced the hosts France and, after taking an early lead through a Brady penalty, were beaten 2–1.
The team's head-to-head records against all 78 nations whom they have played to date, including friendly internationals: Three of these teams no longer exist (Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia), so Ireland have played against 76 of the 211 FIFA members: 50 UEFA, 8 CONMEBOL, 7 CAF, 6 CONCACAF and 5 AFC members as of 1 September 2016.
This was followed by a 7–0 home victory against Gibraltar, and on 14 October 2014, the team played a 1–1 away draw against world champions, Germany, when a goal by John O'Shea won Ireland a late point in the 94th minute.
They then suffered their first defeat of the campaign to Scotland; losing 1–0, before scoring another late goal through Shane Long to make it 1–1 and earn a well-deserved point against Poland at home.
They then drew 1–1 at home to Scotland, before winning 3 games in a row against Gibraltar, Georgia and Germany; 4–0, 1–0 and 1–0 respectively.
However, in their last group game, they lost 2–1 away to Poland and missed out on an qualifying spot, finishing third in the group and advancing to the play-offs.
They drew the first leg away 1–1, and won the second leg 2–0, winning 3–1 on aggregate and qualifying for UEFA Euro 2016 in France.
Between 1921 and 1969, a committee of selectors chose the team, on occasions a coach or team manager was appointed; Mick Meagan was the first manager to actually select the team.
The Tech Interactive (previously The Tech Museum of Innovation), commonly known as The Tech is a science and technology center in San Jose, California, in Silicon Valley.
The front wall is inscribed with quotations from iconic Silicon Valley entrepreneurs Bill Hewlett, David Packard, Bob Noyce, and Gordon Moore.
The ground floor includes The Tech Store, The Tech Cafe, the IMAX Dome Theater, and a recreational area that is reserved for special events.
On occasion, nearby Parkside Hall is rented from the City of San Jose, to provide extra space for special temporary exhibits.
Planning began in 1978 by members of the Junior League of Palo Alto, with later assistance by the San Jose Junior League.
The City of San Jose promised funding for a Technology Center of Silicon Valley in the 1980s, but progress was slow.
The first temporary exhibit opened in 1990; The Garage, named in homage to the HP Garage, was housed in San Jose's former convention center.
In 2018, an expansion of Tech Interactive by was proposed, as part of a major high-rise office development in Museum Place.
On June 4, 2008, the world's first museum exhibits developed using this open source method opened in the museum's own Virtual Test Zone gallery.
The seven exhibits, all contributed under a Creative Commons license and prototyped in the virtual world of Second Life, became part of the museum's Art, Film, Music and Games exhibition.
The Virtual Test Zone gallery itself is a prototype exhibit area that will consistently feature virtual-to-real-world exhibits on specific themes resulting from The Tech Virtual programs.
Sponsored by venture capitalist John Doerr and his wife Ann, the exhibit features plastinated human anatomical specimens supplemented by augmented reality and a digital anatomy table.
On special occasions The Tech will rent out Parkside Hall from the City of San José to host special larger exhibits.
The Tech Awards is a program of The Tech wherein a yearly ceremony is held for individuals and organizations to get recognition for their technological contributions to improving the human condition.
Over the past 32 years, The Tech Challenge had around 25,000 students compete by building devices to solve issues such as wildfires, fish removal and landing on an asteroid.
He became known through a successful campaign by friends and supporters to free him from prison after his wrongful conviction in March 1975, for an armed payroll robbery at the London Electricity Board (LEB) offices in Ilford, London, on 4 April 1974.
The conviction was based solely on unreliable use of identification evidence, in the absence of other evidence connecting him with the crime.
The robbery for which Davis was convicted involved a long chase with a number of vehicles commandeered and other robbers injured.
Unusually, the initial payroll attack was photographed by undercover police officers and this evidence together with eye witness descriptions and alleged identifications of individual robbery 'roles' further complicated and confounded the subsequent identification evidence on which the criminal prosecution relied.
At a number of specific locations Davis was identified but the blood obtained from the location did not match his; neither did the blood match any of his co-accused.
A further complication turned on the fact that Davis might never have been committed for trial from the lower courts had blood test results been disclosed at the committal stage.
Although it subsequently became clear that evidence had by then become available to police, it was suppressed and this abuse of due process became one of the core allegations relied upon by those campaigning for the release of Davis.
On 19 August 1975, while Davis was serving a 20-year prison sentence for the Ilford LEB robbery, the pitch at the Headingley Cricket Ground was dug up by his supporters, preventing further play in the Test Match between England and Australia.
Three men and one woman went on trial in relation to this incident, and one, Peter Chappell, was eventually jailed for 18 months.
The Davis campaigners who were remanded to prison to await trial for the Headingley sabotage continued their campaigning in support of one another within the prison system.
Importantly, the original campaign to free Davis overlapped with, variously influenced, and was in turn influenced by, other criminal justice campaigns in London, particularly the Free George Ince Campaign.
Both campaigns had support from London political activists who had a history of organising radical defence campaigns around the criminal justice system.
This Collective publicised the Ince case and went on to produce the most detailed publicly available investigation of the 1974 Davis Case armed robbery.
In May 1976, despite a then-recent Court of Appeal decision (11 December 1975) not to overturn Davis's criminal conviction, the Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins, on partial completion of a police review of the case, agreed to recommend the release of Davis without further referral back to the Court of Appeal.
Jenkins undertook this highly exceptional exercise of the Royal Prerogative of Mercy because of doubts over the evidence presented by the police which helped convict Davis.
At the time of Davis's release, former Home Office Minister Alex Lyon wrote at some length to explain the genuine difficulties he had faced in seeking to resolve the constitutional difficulties he saw as preventing Davis's release from a conviction that he had regarded as unsafe.
The period of official embargo on the release to the Public Record Office of official papers, related to the 1976 decision to free Davis, has now been extended by 20 years until 2026.
On 24 May 2011, Davis's conviction for the 1974 raid on the London Electricity Board was quashed by three judges at the Court of Appeal.
One of the judges, Lord Justice Hughes, said that the conviction, based on dubious identification evidence, was unsafe but that the court was not able positively to exonerate Davis.
In 1978, two years after his release from prison, Davis was jailed again, having pleaded guilty to involvement in another armed bank raid on 23 September 1977 at the Bank of Cyprus, Seven Sisters Road, London.
Davis was caught at the wheel of the getaway van with weapons beside him; in the raid shots were fired and a security guard clubbed to the ground.
Exceller (May 12, 1973 – April 7, 1997) is widely considered one of the best horses to race in the United States not to win a year-end championship.
Despite his exemplary achievements as a racehorse, and his unique accomplishment in being the only horse to ever defeat two U.S.
Triple Crown winners in the same race (and only the second ever to do so in his career), Exceller is now remembered more for the tragic manner of his death and the horse rescue movement it helped inspire.
Hunt's advisors figured that a son of European champion stayer Vaguely Noble with long and upright pasterns, would be better suited to European racing and sent him to France.
Trained at first by Francois Mathet, who had been the trainer for François Dupré, and later by Maurice Zilber, Exceller didn't accomplish much racing as a two-year-old but blossomed as the distances got longer during his three-year-old season.
While stablemates Empery and Youth were taking down the French and English Derbys, Exceller won in the grueling Prix Royal-Oak (run at 1 7/8 mile) and the Group 1 Grand Prix de Paris.
Shipped to England at age four, he wound up a half-length behind The Minstrel and Orange Bay in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and won the Coronation Cup.
At first, Whittingham didn't have high expectations for a horse who walked stiffly on arrival and seemed the worse for wear.
However, a little time off and some of Whittingham's expertise soon had Exceller competing and winning against some of the best horses in America.
As a five-year-old in 1978, Exceller had his best season on the racecourse, winning 7 of 10 starts, all in top company, on both dirt and turf racetracks.
After claiming the Hollywood Gold Cup, Hollywood Invitational Turf Handicap, San Juan Capistrano Handicap, Sunset Handicap, and Oak Tree Invitational Stakes, Exceller had his crowning moment.
With Bill Shoemaker in the saddle, he came from 22 lengths back to beat Triple Crown winners Seattle Slew and Affirmed in the Jockey Club Gold Cup.
Affirmed's saddle had slipped, effectively taking him out of the race, and Seattle Slew had hung up almost suicidal fractions on the lead, but Exceller still powered through the Belmont Park mud to win by a nose.
In sum, he had won 15 of 33 starts, including 13 stakes races, and placed in 11 more in France, England, Canada, and the United States and had earned $1,654,003.
Most racing writers agree that, along with Gallant Man and Lure, he may have been the best horse to race in the United States and not win a year-end championship.
In the late stages of the race he produced a powerful burst of speed and caught the leaders in the stretch.
His fractions of 23 2/5 seconds at the end of the Hollywood Gold Cup and Oak Tree Invitational is very fast, as 23 seconds is considered a quick first quarter in such a race.
In 1986 (and probably before), he stood for a $50,000 stud fee, the second-highest listed fee at Gainesway at the time.
In 1991, the syndicate was bought out by a breeder from Sweden and Exceller was shipped back across the Atlantic Ocean.
He sired a few crops of foals, then was diagnosed with a mysterious infection that forced his removal from stud service for several years.
When Exceller's owner went bankrupt, the horse was moved to a small farm where he remained for a year before owner Göte Östlund ordered him killed.
Exceller left behind 16 crops of foals in the United States, including 19 stakes winners and 40 stakes horses, none of them of his quality.
Although the museum's website mentions the manner of his death, his plaque in the museum does not, stating only that he died in 1997.
His fate, essentially unheard of for an American stallion of his racing class, generated debate over the proper treatment of race horses after their careers on the track were over.
Today, a number of grassroots organizations, such as The Exceller Fund, ReRun, The Communication Alliance to Network Thoroughbred Ex-Racehorses (CANTER), and Old Friends, among others, take inspiration from Exceller's story as they work to purchase and retrain former racehorses for new careers.
In addition, had the horse been in the United States, he may well have been given a proper home at the Kentucky Horse Park's Hall of Champions in Lexington as was done after the retired champion thoroughbred Cigar was found to be infertile at stud.
Or, the owner might have been able to have handed him over to the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, the world's largest and most respected organization devoted to equine rescue.
The Marcel Benoist Prize, offered by the Marcel Benoist Foundation, is a monetary prize that has been offered annually since 1920 to a scientist of Swiss nationality or residency who has made the most useful scientific discovery.
The Marcel Benoist Foundation was established by the will of the French lawyer Marcel Benoist, a wartime resident of Lausanne, who died in 1918.
, eleven Marcel Benoist winners have later also won the Nobel Prize: Paul Karrer, Leopold Ruzicka, Walter R. Hess, Tadeus Reichstein, Vladimir Prelog, Niels Kaj Jerne, Johannes G. Bednorz, Karl.
In 2009, Françoise Gisou van der Goot (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) was the first woman to win the Marcel Benoist Prize.
Fabian Núñez (also transcribed variously as Fabián Núñez, Fabian Nuñez and Fabian Nunez; born December 27, 1966) is an American politician and labor union adviser.
A member of the Democratic Party, he served three two-year terms as a member of the California State Assembly, leaving office in late 2008.
From 1996 to 2000, Núñez served as the Political Director for the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor and, between 2000–2002, was the Government Affairs Director for the Los Angeles Unified School District.
Throughout his term, Núñez authored several laws including a $1.25 increase in the minimum wage, and a measure to promote competition among cable television providers.
In August 2005, Núñez traveled to Mexico to meet with then-president of Mexico, Vicente Fox, other high level government officials, and business leaders.
The declared purpose of his journey was to strengthen ties between Mexico and California that he claimed had deteriorated under California's governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Núñez passed a law in 2006 to establish a program to provide prescription drugs at discount prices to about five million uninsured and underinsured Californians.
The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere.
Starting in fall 2007, he actively campaigned in support of a statewide proposition to amend the term limits law, including being made eligible to serve an additional six years as speaker.
This ballot measure, California Proposition 93 (2008), was widely seen as a power grab on the part of Núñez and Senate Majority Leader Don Perata.
Núñez also serves on the Board of Directors for the U.S Soccer Federation and previously serviced on the University of California Board of Regents.
Núñez created a campaign finance committee and announced that he would run for California State Treasurer in 2014, when incumbent Bill Lockyer was termed out.
In May 2010, Núñez's son, Esteban, pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to 16 years in prison for the death of a college student, Luis Santos.
Núñez, then California Assembly Speaker of the House, was a close friend and staunch political ally of then governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
When Esteban Núñez was first arrested, his father's political influence was evident as many letters pleading for a reduction in his son's $2-million bail were sent to the San Diego County Superior Court.
One letter, on official stationery, came from Núñez's longtime friend, then Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa; one letter came on official stationery from Maria Elena Durazo, head of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor; one came from California Assembly Republican Leader Michael Villines; and was sent by California State Assemblyman Kevin de León.
Subsequently, Schwarzenegger's successor Jerry Brown in 2011 signed a bipartisan bill allowing victims and their families to be given at least 10 days notice before prison sentence commutations.
He was born in San Diego, California to Mexican parents, but the family lived in Tijuana, Mexico (across the international border from San Diego) until Fabian was 7 years old.
At the age of 31, Núñez earned Bachelor of Arts degrees in both political science and education from Pitzer College in Claremont, California.
The nickernut is marble-like and good for other uses, such as for jewellery; it is also sometimes ground up to make a medicinal tea.
It flows east into geographic Darling Township, under Lanark County Road 511 near the settlement of White, turns southeast, passes the settlement of Halls Mills on the border of geographic Lanark Township, and reaches Clayton Lake, where it takes in the outflow from Taylor Lake.
The river passes into geographic Ramsay Township in the municipality of Mississippi Mills on the lake, and leaves over the Clayton Lake Dam at the settlement of Clayton.
It heads northeast, takes in the right tributary Union Hall Creek, and passes through the Mill of Kintail Conservation Area, which has a former grist mill, and a former home of medical doctor, sculptor and Ramsay Township native R. Tait McKenzie.
The mill is home to a museum to Mackenzie and to another famous native of Ramsay Township, inventor of basketball James Naismith.
The river then reaches its mouth at the Mississippi River, upstream of the settlement of Blakeney; the Mississippi flows via the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawerence River.
To the north it runs from the northern high rise district west of the harbour through apartments and flats and then down Smith's Hill, up Church Hill and down to the mall, see Wollongong Central.
At the mall a portion runs for pedestrian only use (though this is currently up for debate as to whether cars should be let back in limited amounts and times on Crown Street, the street running through the mall east-west) and then turns back to traffic along a section of light density commerce and residence for just over a kilometre.
For the first half of this there is a long car park within the street, used often by mall shoppers and people watching games at local WIN Stadium a few blocks to the east, due to no cost parking.
On the west side of this section is MacCabe Park (often mis-spelt McCabe), a local park with a playground and youth centre.
South of this the street goes through residential areas to the immediate southern suburb of where it ends at J.J. Kelly Park, a local sporting venue, also used on occasion by circuses for tent sites.
There are two historic churches on Church Hill, and many houses on the southern part of the street are over seventy years old.
The old Wollongong Court House sits on the east side of the hill square, and is known for its clock tower.
Princess Te Puea Herangi, CBE (9 November 1883 – 12 October 1952) was a Māori leader from New Zealand's Waikato region known by the name Princess Te Puea.
At age 12 she began attending Mercer Primary School and then went on to attend Mangere Bridge School and Melmerly College in Parnell.
She was given ariki status and developed an arrogant and demanding personality and was often in conflict with her family and whānau over her many partners (such as Tom Paikea, Paraire Herewini, Roy Secombe,Te Tahi Iwikau, and Rawiri Katipa) and her drunken bickering – a lifestyle she later came to bitterly regret.
When her mother died in 1898, Te Puea returned home reluctantly at the age of 15, supposedly to take her mother's place.
However, being young and believing also that she was dying of tuberculosis, she rejected the traditional role expected of her and cut herself off from her people.
Her first task, the one that re-established her mana among her people, was to successfully campaign on behalf of Maui Pomare in his election bid to become the Kingite Member of Parliament.
He became aware of her attitude and in the winter of 1918 attended an anti conscription hui called by Te Puea where he was roundly abused by all the elders of the kingitanga.
Te Puea's support base was mainly with the lower Waikato tribes initially-she was a minor figure for up river iwi such as Maniapoto.
Because of Waikato's anti government stance on conscription during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a popular figure with government or local pakeha after WW1.
After WW1, farmers were reluctant to offer Kingites work and during the Royal visit of the Prince of Wales the kingites desire to host the prince was snubbed in favour of an Arawa visit which was open to all Māori to attend.
They were an iwi that had remained loyal to the government, taking an active part against the Kingites in the land wars and playing a full role in WW1.
She was soon acknowledged as one of the leaders of the Kingitanga Movement and worked to make it part of the central focus of the Māori people.
Te Puea was firmly opposed to conscription when it was introduced in 1917 and provided a refuge at her farm for those who refused to be conscripted into the New Zealand Army.
Following the influenza epidemic of 1918, she took under her wing some 100 orphans, who were the founding members of the community of Turangawaewae at Ngaruawahia.
She became friendly with the Prime Minister, Sir Gordon Coates who was raised in a rural community where many Maori lived, and with journalist Eric Ramsden who publicised her tours and the development of the Kingitanga base at Turangawaewae.
Coates had been shocked at the conditions in which Waikato Maori lived-calling then the poorest people he had seen in his life.
It was through her friendship with Ramsden that articles about her and her work began to appear in the national newspapers.
In these she was usually identified as Princess Te Puea, a title that she herself deplored, saying that the role of princess does not exist in Māoritanga.
The main problem was that many of them believed that disease was a punishment from displeased spirits, and refused to go to Pākehā hospitals.
Te Puea's main drive was to establish Turangawaewae as a base for the Kingitanga but she was always short of funds.
In 1922 she decided to raise money for her ambitious building programme by starting a Maori concert party called Te Pou o Mangawhiri .
Choosing this name (the place where General Cameron crossed into rebel held territory in 1863) she hoped to remind the Pakeha of the war and the confiscations.
TPM, as it was known, travelled around New Zealand performing haka, poi dances, Hawaiian hula dances, with steel guitars, mandolins, banjos and ukuleles.
During her tour of the East Coast in the late 1930s Te Puea visited Ngāti Porou marae where, to her surprise, she was accepted, despite her links to the king movement which Ngati Porou had always despised for its isolation and backwardness.
For her part Te Puea was surprised at the affluence that Ngati Porou enjoyed as well as their acceptance of European life style.
Te Puea used the contacts she had made, especially with Māori MP and minister Apirana Ngata to further her development of the Kingitanga base.
She was able to acquire from the government a block of land near the meeting house for growing vegetables, increased pensions and a local post box.
The Prime Minister Gordon Coates also gave her a 200-acre farm, built her a house and made a gift of £1,000 for farm development; and also subsidised a Maori workers hostel in Tuakau.
Coates said this was given in recognition of her work for Waikato orphans and the poor but also to consolidate her political support at a time when the Ratana church was becoming a major and threatening political force.
This led to an investigation held by a Royal Commission that found there had been a host of irregularities involving the expenditure of £500,000.
Labour leader Bob Semple said that the commission revealed one of the worst specimens of abuse of political power, maladministration and misappropriation of public funds.
The CBE was awarded for her self-sacrificing devotion and stupendous personal efforts and extraordinary capacity for leadership and organisation, with a talent for diplomacy in her dealings with other tribes and leaders amongst the Pakeha... she turned idle lands into productive excellent farms.
It was there that she began teaching the beliefs that would sustain the King Movement: work, faith (specifically the Pai Marire faith, which became strongly established in the Waikato region), and pan-Māori unity through the King Movement.
The Government planned nationwide celebrations for the centenary in 1940 of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, the document that founded modern New Zealand.
Initially Te Puea was in favour, but then withdrew her support when the government refused her request that the Maori king be given the same tax status as the Governor General.
Te Puea was raised by people who had fought to resist the government invasion of the Waikato in 1863, and by people who had lived through the bitter years that followed.
In 1946 Te Puea approached the government to say the tribe would be willing to accept money to compensate for the loss of lands after the defeat of the Kingitanga in 1863.
After nearly 20 years of negotiation she accepted, on behalf of Tainui, a settlement offered by the Prime Minister of an initial grant of 10,000 pounds and 5,000 pounds (later $15,000) a year spread over 40 years.
By the time the deal was presented to the tribe the next day the money had been increased again to 6,000 pounds for 50 years and thereafter 5,000 pounds in perpetuity.
In the last few years of her life Te Puea fell out with many of the Maori and Pākehā friends who had worked with her for most of her adult life.
During her lifetime she had raised the profile of the King Movement, especially outside of Waikato and had helped raise the standard of living of Waikato to that of other Maori.
In 1974 the historian Michael King, who had worked for the Waikato Times and learnt te Reo Maori, became interested in writing about the famous Kingitanga leader Te Puea.
He discovered there was very little written about her and wanted to write about her while the people who knew her at first hand, were still alive.
King tried to persuade the Maori author Pei te Hurinui Jones, to write the biography but he refused, saying he knew too much about her.
McKay said he could not have all the papers as there was too much private and family information that should remain confidential.
After the book was published some non-Waikato/Tainui Maori criticised them for allowing a Pakeha to write about a highly tapu person.
Located in the Illawarra region and only 4 km from the city centre, it is a mainly low-density residential area, with a large strip of commercial and industrial properties along and off the Princes Highway.
Fairy Meadow is popular with tourists and surfers, due to its long beach (Fairy Meadow beach) and views of Mount Keira, and Mount Kembla.
Guest Park which is located to the west of the Princes highway commercial strip has a skate park, tennis courts, netball courts and a large soccer pitch.
To the southeast of Fairy Meadow in North Wollongong is Puckeys Estate Reserve, a bush reserve known for bird watching and coastal environment protection, open to the public for walking on the tracks, once site of a saltworks.
The area is also bordered by a long beach which stretches from Towradgi Point in the north, to Wollongong in the south, interrupted only by the rocks at the Fairy Lagoon entrance.
North of Puckey's Reserve and east of Fairy Meadow is Fairy Meadow Beach, the picnic facilities, playground and toilets in 2007 went under upgrades along with several other beachside areas in the Illawarra.
West of Puckey's Reserve is Brandon Park, a greyhound racing track and the Wollongong Science Centre and Planetarium complex as well as an area of university property.
Outside the entrance there stands a sculpture called 'Southern Cross', featuring poles in the shape of the constellation with graphics on them.
Fairy Meadow churches include the historic 1928 Anglican church Crossroads Christian Community, the more recent 1952 St John Vianney's Catholic Church, and the Reformed Church.
The area is served by a railway station on the South Coast line, which is part of the NSW TrainLink railway network.
The station is accessed via steps which climb to the road bridge on Elliot's Road that runs from Puckey's Estate/Fairy Meadow Beach Surf Lifesaving Club to Princes Highway.
Fairy Meadow is also located along Wollongong's free shuttle bus to North Wollongong railway station, and Keiraville University of Wollongong campus.
The suburb hosts two primary schools – Good Samaritan Catholic Primary and Fairy Meadow Demonstration School – as well as two high schools: Keira Technology High School and Wollongong High School of the Performing Arts.
She was appointed in May 2002 by President George W. Bush, who made her the first Asian American woman to serve as a United States Attorney.
Yang served as President of the Chinese American Museum in Los Angeles, where she played an instrumental role in the creation of this new landmark for Southern California.
Yang was a founding member and officer of the first Asian American Bar Association in Chicago, and she has been an officer and board member of the Southern California Chinese Lawyer Association.
In 2004, she was appointed to the President's Council of Pitzer College of the Claremont Colleges, received Pitzer College's inaugural Distinguished Alumni Award, and was recognized by the Inglewood Court as a champion of civil rights.
She was appointed to the Los Angeles Municipal Court in 1997 and became a member of the Los Angeles Superior Court bench in 2000.
She sat on the Criminal Law Advisory Committee and the Subcommittee on the Quality of Judicial Service for the Court's Judicial Council.
The office serves the approximately 18 million people who live in Los Angeles County, Orange County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County, Ventura County, Santa Barbara County and San Luis Obispo County, California.
As an Assistant United States Attorney, Yang successfully prosecuted a number of high-profile cases, including a Glendale arson investigator convicted of setting fires throughout the state of California; the first federal carjacking case in California; the kidnapping of a local real estate agent; and a computer hacker who received what was then the longest prison sentence for computer intrusion.
Yang resigned her position as the United States Attorney for the Central District of California on November 11, 2006, to join Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP.
Yang's office had opened an investigation into the relationship between Rep. Jerry Lewis (R-CA) and a lobbyist five months before she left to join the law firm that represented Rep. Lewis.
She will have a role in guiding the department past the end of the post-Rampart scandal consent decree and in selecting a new police chief to replace outgoing Chief William Bratton.
After leaving the US Attorney's office, Yang became a partner at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher’s Los Angeles office, becoming Co-Chair of the firm's Crisis Management Practice Group and the White Collar Defense and Investigations Practice Group.
Awestruck by Gary Snyder and Allen Ginsberg, among others in the 1950s Bay Area poetry scene, Hass entertained the idea of becoming a beatnik.
When the area became influenced by East Asian literary techniques, such as haiku, Hass took many of these influences up in his poetry.
Hass is married to the poet and antiwar activist Brenda Hillman, who is a professor at Saint Mary's College of California.
Hass graduated from Saint Mary's College in Moraga, California in 1963, and received his MA and Ph.D. in English from Stanford University in 1965 and 1971 respectively.
From 1971 to 1989, he taught at his alma mater St. Mary's, at which time he transferred to the faculty of University of California, Berkeley.
He has been a visiting faculty member in the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa on several occasions, and was a panelist at the Workshop's 75th anniversary celebration in June 2011.
From 1995 to 1997, during Hass's two terms as the US Poet Laureate (Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress), he became a champion of literacy, poetry, and ecological awareness.
He serves as a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets, was a trustee of the Griffin Poetry Prize (now trustee emeritus), and works actively for literacy and the environment.
Additionally, he has named Chilean Pablo Neruda, Peruvian César Vallejo, and Polish poets Zbigniew Herbert, Wisława Szymborska, and Czesław Miłosz, whom he regards as the five most important poets of the last 50 years.
While at Berkeley, Hass spent 15 to 20 years translating the poetry of Miłosz, his fellow Berkeley professor and neighbor, as part of a team with Robert Pinsky and Miłosz.
In April 1996, when he was poet laureate, he organized a 6-day conference at the Library of Congress that brought together American nature writers to celebrate writing, the natural world and community.
On November 9, 2011, while participating in an Occupy movement demonstration at UC Berkeley called Occupy Cal, a police officer hit Hass in the ribs with a baton.
It is native to the western and central Mediterranean region, where it was domesticated in ancient times and still occurs as a wild plant.
The wild cardoon is a stout herbaceous perennial plant growing tall, with deeply lobed and heavily spined green to grey-green tomentose (hairy or downy) leaves up to long, with yellow spines up to 3.5 cm long.
It is adapted to dry climates, native across an area from Morocco and Portugal east to Libya and Greece and north to France and Croatia; it may also be native on Cyprus, the Canary Islands and Madeira.
It has become an invasive weed in the pampas of Argentina, and is also considered a weed in Australia and California.
They differ from the wild plant in being larger (up to 2 m tall), much less spiny, and with thicker leaf stems and larger flowers, all characteristics selected by humans for greater crop yield and easier harvest and processing.
The earliest description of the cardoon may come from the fourth-century BC Greek writer Theophrastus, under the name (), although the exact identity of this plant is uncertain.
It also became common in the vegetable gardens of colonial America, but fell from fashion in the late 19th century and is now very uncommon.
Cardoon stalks can be covered with small, nearly invisible spines that can cause substantial pain if they become lodged in the skin.
Cardoon requires a long, cool growing season (about five months), and while it is not particularly frost-sensitive, in heavier freezes it may lose its leaves and resprout, or in extended hard freezes, die.
While the flower buds can be eaten much as small (and spiny) artichokes, more often the stems are eaten after being braised in cooking liquid.
Only the innermost, white stalks are considered edible, and cardoons are therefore usually prepared for sale by protecting the leaf stalks from the sunlight for several weeks.
This was traditionally done by burying the plant underground, thus, cardoon plantations in Spain are often formed by characteristic earth mounds surrounding each plant, the earth covering the stalks.
In Spain and Portugal, the flower buds are also employed in cheesemaking: the pistils of the cardoon flower are used as a vegetable rennet in the making of some cheeses such as the Torta del Casar and the Torta de la Serena cheeses in Spain, or the Queijo de Nisa and Serra da Estrela cheeses in Portugal.
Cardoon leaf stalks, which look like giant celery stalks, can be served steamed or braised, and have an artichoke-like flavour with a hint of bitterness.
The cardoon stalks are considered a delicacy in Spain, particularly in the northerns regions of Navarre and Aragon, where they are grown in large quantities.
In Spain, cardoons are typically cooked by first boiling the stalks to soften them, and then adding simple sauces such as almond sauce or small amounts of jamón; they are sometimes combined with clams, artichokes, or beans as well.
Because of their seasonality (from November to February), cardoons are a staple of the Christmas dinner in Navarre and the surrounding regions; for the same reason, cardoons are often sold as vegetable preserves, usually in water or brine, so that they can be eaten all year round.
In the US, it is rarely found in conventional grocery stores but is available in some farmers' markets in the months of May, June, and July.
The cardoon is also grown as an ornamental plant for its imposing architectural appearance, with very bright silvery-grey foliage and large flowers in selected cultivars.
The oil, extracted from the seeds of the cardoon, and called artichoke oil, is similar to safflower and sunflower oil in composition and use.
Cardoon is the feedstock for the first biorefinery in the world converting the installations of a petrochemical plant in Porto Torres, Sardinia, providing biomass and oils for the building blocks of bioplastics.
In spite of its extensive range, it is very rare in most areas except in Suriname, Guyana and Peru; it was first identified by Peter Wilhelm Lund from fossils in Brazilian caves and was believed to be extinct.
The bush dog is the only living species in the genus Speothos, and genetic evidence suggests that its closest living relative is the maned wolf of central South America or the African wild dog.
Adult bush dogs have soft long brownish-tan fur, with a lighter reddish tinge on the head, neck and back and a bushy tail, while the underside is dark, sometimes with a lighter throat patch.
The bush dog is one of three canid species (the other two being the dhole and the African wild dog) with trenchant heel dentition, having a single cusp on the talonid of the lower carnassial tooth that increases the cutting blade length.
Bush dogs are found from Costa Rica in Central America and through much of South America east of the Andes, as far south as central Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Brazil.
They primarily inhabit lowland forests up to elevation, wet savannas and other habitats near rivers, but may also be found in drier cerrado and open pasture.
The historic range of this species may have extended as far north as Costa Rica where the species may still survive in suitable habitat.
In Costa Rica, new, repeated observations of bush dog groups has been recorded in east-central (Barbilla National Park) and south-eastern (La Amistad International Park) Costa Rica, and a substantial portion of the Talamanca Mountains up to 120 km to the north-northwest and at elevations up to 2,119 m.
The dogs can bring down much larger prey, including peccaries and rheas, and a pack of six dogs has even been reported hunting a tapir.
When hunting paca, part of the pack chases it on land and part wait for it in the water, where it often retreats.
Only the adult pair breed, while the other members of the pack are subordinate, and help with rearing and guarding any pups.
While eating large prey, parents position themselves at either ends of the animal, making it easier for the pups to disembowel it.
Gestation lasts from 65 to 83 days and normally results in the birth of a litter of three to six pups, although larger litters of up to 10 have been reported.
It is thought the land Norris Green was built on was donated to the city by Lord Derby, who was at the time resident at nearby Knowsley Hall.
Although it is also suggested Lord Derby did not give the land away - he didn't own it in the first place.
The area called Norris Green was a farming estate; it stretched as far as Stone Bridge House to the north and Norris Green Farm (opposite the junction of Hornspit Lane and Almonds Green) to the south.
These are: the A580 East Lancashire Road and a small portion of Walton Hall Avenue to the north; Lowerhouse Lane and Dwerryhouse Lane to the east; Muirhead Avenue and Queens Drive to the south and Townsend Avenue back to Walton Hall Avenue to the west.
There are no actual pubs in the main residential area, but a small number of public houses do exist particularly around the vicinity of Broadway shops.
Homes on the periphery of the estate and on the main routes through the area are largely brick and well-built, with those on minor routes and residential roads made of concrete.
The estate was subject to large-scale upgrading and renovation in the early 1970s, when it was still almost entirely under local authority ownership.
This was several years before the introduction of the right to buy scheme, which gave council tenants the right to buy their homes from local authorities.
The most notable landmark when approaching Norris Green from the north or west is the large former Cheshire Lines railway bridge, on the former Loop Line, crossing the junction of Utting Avenue and Townsend Avenue from north to south.
There are a number of frequent bus services to and from Liverpool city centre via Norris Green and the Broadway area.
The No.14 (will accept both Arriva or Stagecoach bus tickets or passes) bus is the main bus route running from the city centre to Willow Way, Croxteth.
A roll is a small, usually round or oblong individual loaf of bread served as a meal accompaniment (eaten plain or with butter).
Among the breads mentioned are griddle cakes, honey-and-oil bread, mushroom-shaped loaves covered in poppy seeds, and the military specialty of rolls baked on a spit.
Rolls are common in Europe, especially in Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Hungary, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and other countries with a thriving bread culture.
A variety of rolls are found in Europe, from white rolls made with wheat flour, to dark rolls containing mostly rye flour.
Ivan Frederick Boesky (born March 6, 1937) is a former American stock trader who became infamous for his prominent role in an insider trading scandal that occurred in the United States during the mid-1980s.
Despite lacking an undergraduate degree, he was admitted to Detroit College of Law (now Michigan State University College of Law) and graduated during 1965.
In the 1980s, he served as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business and at New York University's Graduate School of Business.
During 1962, he married Seema Silberstein, the daughter of a Detroit real estate magnate whose holdings included The Beverly Hills Hotel in California.
During 1975, he initiated his own stock brokerage company, Ivan F. Boesky & Company, with $700,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) worth of start money from his wife’s family with a business plan that speculated on corporate takeovers.
By 1986, Boesky had become an arbitrageur who had amassed a fortune of more than US$200 million by betting on corporate takeovers and the $136 million in proceeds from the sale of The Beverly Hills Hotel.
Boesky, unable to rehabilitate his reputation after being released from prison, paid hundreds of millions of dollars as fines and compensation for his Guinness share-trading fraud role and a number of separate insider-dealing scams.
Mitch Ryder (born William Sherille Levise, Jr.; February 26, 1945) is an American musician, who has recorded more than 25 albums over more than four decades.
As a teenager, Ryder sang backup with a black soul-music group known as the Peps, but racial animosities interfered with his continued presence in the group.
Ryder formed his first band, Tempest, when he was at Warren High School, and the group gained some notoriety playing at a Detroit soul music club called The Village.
Ryder next appeared fronting a band named Billy Lee & The Rivieras, which had limited success until they met songwriter / record producer Bob Crewe.
The Detroit Wheels were John Badanjek on drums, Mark Manko on lead guitar, Joe Kubert (not to be confused with the comic book illustrator Joe Kubert) on rhythm guitar, Jim McCarty (not to be confused with the Yardbirds drummer of the same name) on lead guitar and Jim McAllister on bass.
Redding and four members of his touring band, The Bar-Kays, died in a plane crash near Madison, Wisconsin the following day, December 10, 1967.
The only original Wheel in the group was the drummer John Badanjek; other members were guitarists Steve Hunter, Robert Gillespie, and Brett Tuggle, organist Harry Phillips, and bassist W.R. Cooke.
The lyrics sometimes lack coherence, and the music is a more sensitive version of the now outdated r&b-based guitar flash he favored with Detroit back in 1970.
The medley from time to time blends in a variety of other songs, but this remains the core section, often featuring guitar solos from Springsteen and piano solos by Roy Bittan.
Ryder has been credited by guitarist Steve Hunter for giving Hunter his first real break in rock and roll and introducing Hunter to producer Bob Ezrin.
For example, according to Marcus Tullius Cicero, in the Roman Republic it was the only criminal act for which the punishment was an execution.
Patricide is a common archetype that is prevalent throughout many religions and cultures, and particularly in the mythology and religion of Greek culture.
The sea is bounded on the west by the Gulf Stream, on the north by the North Atlantic Current, on the east by the Canary Current, and on the south by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current, a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre.
It lies between 70° and 40° W, and 20° to 35° N, and is approximately 1,100 km wide by 3,200 km long (700 by 2,000 miles).
All of the currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61 m (200 ft).
It is also a body of water that has captured the public imagination, and so is seen in a wide variety of literary and artistic works and in popular culture.
However, the sea may have been known to earlier mariners, as a poem by the late 4th-century author Rufus Festus Avienus describes a portion of the Atlantic as being covered with seaweed, citing a now-lost account by the 5th-century BC Carthaginian Himilco the Navigator.
The sargassum is not a threat to shipping, and historic incidents of sailing ships being trapped there are due to the often calm winds of the horse latitudes.
The Sargasso Sea plays a role in the migration of catadromous eel species such as the European eel, the American eel, and the American conger eel.
The larvae of these species hatch within the sea and as they grow they travel to Europe or the East Coast of North America.
It is also believed that after hatching, young loggerhead sea turtles use currents such as the Gulf Stream to travel to the Sargasso Sea, where they use the sargassum as cover from predators until they are mature.
In the early 2000s, the Sargasso Sea was sampled as part of the Global Ocean Sampling survey, to evaluate its diversity of microbial life through metagenomics.
established 11 March 2014 by the governments of the Azores (Portugal), Bermuda (United Kingdom), Monaco, United Kingdom and the United States.
Bacteria that consume plastic have been found in the plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso Sea; however, it is unknown whether these bacteria ultimately clean up poisons or simply spread them elsewhere in the marine microbial ecosystem.
The Sargasso Sea is frequently (but erroneously) depicted in fiction as a dangerous area where ships are mired in weed for centuries, unable to escape.
Here the descendants of many different kinds of ships live in utopian harmony, until they are attacked by Nazis who wish to use it to their advantage.
The Mendenhall Valley (historically Mendenhall, colloquially The Valley) is the drainage area of the Mendenhall River in the U.S. state of Alaska.
The valley contains a series of neighborhoods, comprising the largest populated place within the corporate limits of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska's capital.
The Mendenhall Valley begins ten miles from the downtown area, at the intersection of Egan Drive and Glacier Highway, and ends ten miles farther west at the intersection of Glacier Highway and Mendenhall Loop Road at Auke Bay.
The Valley comprises an area stretching from the wetlands along Fritz Cove and Auke Bay back to the Mendenhall Glacier as well as Mendenhall Lake and the Mendenhall River, which for the most part drains the Valley.
The Valley forms the core of Alaska's 34th election (or state House) district, which is represented in the Alaska House of Representatives by Justin Redbeard Parish, a Democrat.
Along with the rest of Juneau and adjoining communities, it is part of Senate District Q, represented in the Alaska Senate by Dennis Egan, a Democrat.
There are four elementary schools (Auke Bay, Glacier Valley, Mendenhall River, and Riverbend), one middle school (Floyd Dryden), and one high school (Thunder Mountain) located in Mendenhall Valley.
Mud season is an informal term used in northern climates, particularly in rural New England and other parts of the northeast U.S., for a period in late winter/early spring when dirt paths and roads become muddy from melting snow and rain.
Dirt roads and paths become muddy because the deeply frozen ground thaws from the surface down as the air temperature warms above freezing.
The frozen lower layers of ground prevent water from percolating into the soil so the surface layers of soil become saturated with water and turn to mud.
One report concluded that the cost of re-engineering dirt roads so that they would remain passable during mud season in the state of Vermont could run as high as US$140,000 per mile.
Apart from the Stupa and the Olympic Mascot Bell Tower, located on the right-hand side of the grounds, the remaining buildings are situated in a rectangular format.
The large Buddha, which is the focal point of this shrine, is flanked by four large statues, one depicting a pipa player.
Directly behind Heavenly King Hall is the larger Hall of Sakyamuni (大雄宝殿)，which honors the founder of Buddhism, the son of a king of the Sakya clan of the Kshatriya (i.e., warriors).
This hall is an active place of prayer equipped with cushions for kneeling, candles for lighting incense, and other Buddhist prayer supplies.
To the left of Preaching Hall is the Hall of the Recumbent Buddha (wo fo dian; 卧佛殿), where, behind a long, gilded altar, a gilded, bejeweled statue of Buddha stretches out almost twenty feet in length.
To the right of the Hall of the Recumbent Buddha is the headquarters of the Qingdao Buddhist Association, Tiantai sect, (Qingdao fojiao xiehui; 青岛市佛教协会).
Exiting the monastery grounds, one passes the Olympic Mascot Bell (ao yun jixiang zhong; 奥运吉祥钟)The view from the top of this bell tower is panoramic; however, there is an additional fee of 10 元 to see that view.
A proxy war is an armed conflict between two states or non-state actors which act on the instigation or on behalf of other parties that are not directly involved in the hostilities.
In order for a conflict to be considered a proxy war, there must be a direct, long-term relationship between external actors and the belligerents involved.
The aforementioned relationship usually takes the form of funding, military training, arms, or other forms of material assistance which assist a belligerent party in sustaining its war effort.
During classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, many non-state proxies were external parties which were introduced to an internal conflict and aligned themselves with a belligerent in order to gain influence and further their own interests in the region.
Proxies could be introduced by an external or local power and most commonly took the form of irregular armies which were used to achieve their sponsor's goals in a contested region.
Some medieval states such as the Byzantine Empire used proxy warfare as a foreign policy tool by deliberately cultivating intrigue among hostile rivals and then backing them when they went to war with each other.
Other states regarded proxy wars as merely a useful extension of a preexisting conflict, such as France and England during the Hundred Years' War, both of which initiated a longstanding practice of supporting piracy which targeted the other's merchant shipping.
Since the early twentieth century, proxy wars have most commonly taken the form of states assuming the role of sponsors to non-state proxies, essentially using them as fifth columns to undermine an adversarial power.
This type of proxy warfare includes external support for a faction engaged in a civil war, terrorists, national liberation movements, and insurgent groups, or assistance to a national revolt against foreign occupation.
Many proxy wars began assuming a distinctive ideological dimension after the Spanish Civil War, which pitted the fascist political ideology of Italy and National Socialist ideology of Nazi Germany against the communist ideology of the Soviet Union without involving these states in open warfare with each other.
During the Cold War, proxy warfare was motivated by fears that a conventional war between the United States and Soviet Union would result in nuclear holocaust, rendering the use of ideological proxies a safer way of exercising hostilities.
The Soviet government found that supporting parties antagonistic to the US and Western nations was a cost-effective way to combat NATO influence in lieu of direct military engagement.
In addition, the proliferation of televised media and its impact on public perception made the US public especially susceptible to war-weariness and skeptical of risking American life abroad.
This encouraged the American practice of arming insurgent forces, such as the funneling of supplies to the mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War.
A significant disparity in the belligerents' conventional military strength may motivate the weaker party to begin or continue a conflict through allied nations or non-state actors.
Such a situation arose during the Arab–Israeli conflict, which continued as a series of proxy wars following Israel's decisive defeat of the Arab coalitions in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
The coalition members, upon failing to achieve military dominance via direct conventional warfare, have since resorted to funding armed insurgent and paramilitary organizations, such as Hezbollah, to engage in irregular combat against Israel.
Additionally, the governments of some nations, particularly liberal democracies, may choose to engage in proxy warfare (despite military superiority) when a majority of their citizens oppose declaring or entering a conventional war.
Nations may also resort to proxy warfare to avoid potential negative international reactions from allied nations, profitable trading partners, or intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations.
This is especially significant when standing peace treaties, acts of alliance, or other international agreements ostensibly forbid direct warfare: breaking such agreements could lead to a variety of negative consequences due to either negative international reaction (see above), punitive provisions listed in the prior agreement, or retaliatory action by the other parties and their allies.
In some cases, nations may be motivated to engage in proxy warfare due to financial concerns: supporting irregular troops, insurgents, non-state actors, or less-advanced allied militaries (often with obsolete or surplus equipment) can be significantly cheaper than deploying national armed forces, and the proxies usually bear the brunt of casualties and economic damage resulting from prolonged conflict.
They may respond by attempting to undermine such efforts, often by backing parties favorable to their own interests (such as those directly or indirectly under their control, sympathetic to their cause, or ideologically aligned).
In this case, if one or both rivals come to believe that their favored faction is at a disadvantage, they will often respond by escalating military and/or financial support.
If their counterpart(s), perceiving a material threat or desiring to avoid the appearance of weakness or defeat, follow suit, a proxy war ensues between the two powers.
This was a major factor in many of the proxy wars during the Cold War between the US and USSR, as well as in the ongoing series of conflicts between Saudi Arabia and Iran, especially in Yemen and Syria.
In particular, the bombing campaign Operation Rolling Thunder destroyed significant amounts of infrastructure, making life more difficult for North Vietnamese citizens.
In addition, unexploded bombs dropped during the campaign have killed tens of thousands since the war ended, not only in Vietnam, but also in Cambodia and Laos.
Also significant was the Soviet–Afghan War (see Operation Cyclone), which cost thousands of lives and billions of dollars, bankrupting the Soviet Union and contributing to its collapse.
The proxy war in the Middle East between Saudi Arabia and Iran is another example of the destructive impact of proxy wars.
This conflict has resulted in, among other things, the Syrian Civil War, the rise of ISIL, the current civil war in Yemen, and the reemergence of the Taliban.
In general, the lengths, intensities, and scales of armed conflicts are often greatly increased when belligerents' capabilities are augmented by external support.
Belligerents are often less likely to engage in diplomatic negotiations, peace talks are less likely to bear fruit, and damage to infrastructure can be many times greater.
She was laid down in the United Kingdom on 31 October 1940 by Vickers Armstrong of Newcastle upon Tyne and constructed in consort with Parsons engine works.
The ship also experienced several major mishaps and battle damage that required her being taken out of service for repairs for a total of about five months.
Shortly after returning to service, in early June 1943 she took part in Operation Gearbox III, the relief of the garrison at Spitsbergen.
Returning to Scapa Flow in December 1943 she escorted convoy JW55A to the Soviet Union but in February 1944, rejoined Plymouth command and was assigned to the newly formed 10th Destroyer Flotilla carrying out ‘Operation Hostile’ (Minelaying) and ‘Operation Tunnel’ (Patrol) missions off the coast of France.
She received the first of a series of Admiralty orders to intercept German warships near Ile de Bas (sometimes ‘Île de Batz’) as spotted by coastal radar in southern England.
At least one survivor tells of a second torpedo hit fifteen minutes after the first, but the official history of the Royal Canadian Navy attributes the second major explosion to the fires touching off the ammunition magazine.
After a series of breakdowns and encounters with enemy aircraft, MacLure's motor cutter eventually made landfall in England under Royal Air Force escort just before midnight on 29 April 1944.
In 1891, Clarke was an unsuccessful candidate in the Charlotte riding for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada.
He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick for Charlotte County in 1903 and served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1909 to 1914.
On January 22, 1914 Clarke was appointed by Premier James K. Flemming to the province's Executive Council as Attorney General and Commissioner of Provincial Hospitals.
He served until December 17 of that year when he was appointed Minister of Lands and Mines, a position he held until February 1, 1917.
Highly regarded for his integrity, George Clarke became the 15th Premier in March 1914 when his predecessor, James Kidd Flemming, was forced to resign as a result of a scandal.
In addition to his responsibilities as Premier, Clarke also served as the Minister of Lands and Mines during his entire administration.
Because of the health problems, he stepped down as premier on February 1, 1917, handing over the reins of power to James Alexander Murray just before the general election.
Clarke had been selected for appointment as the province's Lieutenant Governor but was not able to accept the post due to poor health.
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) is a form of digital copy protection developed by Intel Corporation to prevent copying of digital audio & video content as it travels across connections.
Types of connections include DisplayPort (DP), Digital Visual Interface (DVI), and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), as well as less popular or now deprecated protocols like Gigabit Video Interface (GVIF) and Unified Display Interface (UDI).
The system is meant to stop HDCP-encrypted content from being played on unauthorized devices or devices which have been modified to copy HDCP content.
In order to make a device that plays HDCP-enabled content, the manufacturer must obtain a license for the patent from Intel subsidiary Digital Content Protection LLC, pay an annual fee, and submit to various conditions.
In September 2010, an HDCP master key that allows for the generation of valid device keys was released to the public, rendering the key revocation feature of HDCP useless.
Each KSV consists of 40 bits (one bit for each HDCP key), with 20 bits set to 0 and 20 bits set to 1.
Each device adds its own secret keys together (using unsigned addition modulo 2) according to a KSV received from another device.
Depending on the order of the bits set to 1 in the KSV, a corresponding secret key is used or ignored in the addition.
If a particular set of keys is compromised, their corresponding KSV is added to a revocation list burned onto new discs in the DVD and Blu-ray formats.
During authentication, the transmitting device looks for the receiver's KSV on the list, and if it is there, will not send the decrypted work to the revoked device.
The FCC's Broadcast flag regulations, which were struck down by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, would have required DRM technologies on all digital outputs from HDTV signal demodulators.
HDCP bans compliant products from converting HDCP-restricted content to full-resolution analog form, presumably in an attempt to reduce the size of the analog hole.
HDCP strippers remove HDCP information from the video signal in order to allow the data to flow freely to a non-HDCP display.
It is currently unclear whether such devices would remain working if the HDCP licensing body issued key-revocation lists, which may be installed via new media (e.g.
Around the same time, Niels Ferguson independently claimed to have broken the HDCP scheme, but he did not publish his research, citing legal concerns arising from the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
On September 14, 2010, Engadget reported the release of a possible genuine HDCP master key which can create device keys that can authenticate with other HDCP compliant devices without obtaining valid keys from The Digital Content Protection LLC.
This master key would neutralize the key revocation feature of HDCP, because new keys can be created when old ones are revoked.
Since the master key is known, it follows that an unlicensed HDCP decoding device could simply use the master key to dynamically generate new keys on the fly, making revocation impossible.
It was not immediately clear who discovered the key or how they discovered it, though the discovery was announced via a Twitter update which linked to a Pastebin snippet containing the key and instructions on how to use it.
Engadget said the attacker may have used the method proposed by Crosby in 2001 to retrieve the master key, although they cited a different researcher.
Further, the input parameters for the XOR and the AES above it are fixed from the receiver side, meaning the transmitter can enforce repeating the same operation.
On November 4, 2015, Chinese company LegendSky Tech Co., already known for their other HDCP rippers/splitters under the HDFury brand, released the HDFury Integral, a device that can remove HDCP 2.2 from HDCP-enabled UHD works.
On December 31, 2015, Warner Bros and Digital Content Protection, LLC (DCP, the owners of HDCP) filed a lawsuit against LegendSky.
HDCP can cause problems for users who want to connect multiple screens to a device; for example, a bar with several televisions connected to one satellite receiver or when a user has a closed laptop and uses an external display as the only monitor.
HDCP devices can create multiple keys, allowing each screen to operate, but the number varies from device to device; e.g., a Dish or Sky satellite receiver can generate 16 keys.
There is also the problem that all Apple laptop products, presumably in order to reduce switching time, when confronted with an HDCP-compliant sink device, automatically enable HDCP encryption from the HDMI / Mini DisplayPort / USB-C connector port.
This is a problem if the user wishes to use recording or videoconferencing facilities further down the chain, because these devices most often do not decrypt HDCP-enabled content (since HDCP is meant to avoid direct copying of content, and such devices could conceivably do exactly that).
Some sink devices have the ability to disable their HDCP reporting entirely, however, preventing this issue from blocking content to videoconferencing or recording.
However, HDCP content will then refuse to play on many source devices if this is disabled while the sink device is connected.
When connecting a HDCP 2.2 source device through compatible distribution to a video wall made of multiple legacy displays the ability to display an image can not be guaranteed.
Version 2.x employs industry-standard encryption algorithms, such as 128-bit AES with 3072 or 1024-bit RSA public key and 256-bit HMAC-SHA256 hash function.
While all of the HDCP v1.x specifications support backward compatibility to previous versions of the specification, HDCPv2 devices may interface with HDCPv1 hardware only by natively supporting HDCPv1, or by using a dedicated converter device.
HDCP 2.x features a new authentication protocol, and a locality check to ensure the receiver is relatively close (it must respond to the locality check within 7 ms on a normal DVI/HDMI link).
Version 2.1 of the specification was recently cryptanalyzed and found to have several flaws, including the ability to recover the session key.
Gregory Oliver Diamond (May 4, 1949 – March 14, 1999) was an American pianist, drummer, songwriter, and producer who was active in the jazz and disco music scenes of the 1970s.
James William Ercolani (born June 8, 1936), known by his stage name James Darren, is an American television and film actor, television director, and singer.
Darren's appearance was well received and he got a lot of fan mail - second at the studio only to Kim Novak.
It always levels out and you want to make sure you have good investments and financial security and bread on the table.
An annual convention is held usually in early July drawing gay and lesbian dancers, their partners and other friendly square dancers from around the world.
The Trammps were an American disco and soul band, who were based in Philadelphia and were one of the first disco bands.
With a number of line-up changes by the early 1970s, the band membership included gospel-influenced lead singer Jimmy Ellis, drummer and singer (bass voice) Earl Young, with brothers Stanley and Harold 'Doc' Wade.
Members of the Philadelphia recording band MFSB played with the group on records and on tour in the 1970s with singer Robert Upchurch joining later.
The group was produced by the Philadelphia team of Ronnie Baker, Norman Harris and Young, all MFSB mainstays who played on the recording sessions and contributed songs.
Several R&B hits followed during a stay with Philadelphia International subsidiary, Golden Fleece (run by Baker-Harris-Young) before they signed to Atlantic Records.
The song was part-written by Ron Kersey, a producer-arranger and a member of MFSB, who also played with Trammps in the 1970s for a time.
On March 8, 2012, lead singer Jimmy Ellis died at a nursing home in Rock Hill, South Carolina (where he was born on November 15, 1937) at age 74.
It is sometimes also called the Scholz–Brauer conjecture or the Brauer–Scholz conjecture, after Arnold Scholz who formulated it in 1937 and Alfred T. Brauer who studied it soon afterward and proved a weaker bound.
Here, an addition chain is defined as a sequence of numbers, starting with 1, such that every number after the first can be expressed as a sum of two earlier numbers (which are allowed to both be equal).
Its length is the number of sums needed to express all its numbers, which is one less than the length of the sequence of numbers (since there is no sum of previous numbers for the first number in the sequence, 1).
Computing the length of the shortest addition chain that contains a given number can be done by dynamic programming for small numbers, but it is not known whether it can be done in polynomial time measured as a function of the length of the binary representation of .
Therefore, these values obey the inequality (which in this case is an equality) and the Scholz conjecture is true for the case .
By using a combination of computer search techniques and mathematical characterizations of optimal addition chains, showed that the conjecture is true for all .
He was the first premier of a Canadian province to be of non-European descent, since followed by Ujjal Dosanjh and Ghiz's son, Robert.
Ghiz was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, to Atallah Joseph Ghiz, a Lebanese corner store owner, and Marguerite F. Ghiz (née McKarris).
In 1977, in the aftermath of the election of the separatist Parti Québécois government in 1976, he was asked to sit on the CBA Committee on the Constitution.
The members of the Committee were drawn from each province of Canada, and included two future provincial premiers (Ghiz and Clyde Wells), a future Supreme Court of Canada justice, two future provincial chief justices, and a future Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations.
The Committee made wide-ranging recommendations for constitutional change, including a completely new constitution, abolishing the monarchy, changing the Senate, entrenching language rights and a bill of rights, and changing the balance of powers between the federal government and the provinces.
He led the party to victory in 1986 with the Liberals gaining 20 seats to 11 for the Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island.
His government was re-elected in 1989 winning 30 out of 32 seats; it is speculated that this was in reaction to the federal PC government of Brian Mulroney's decision to close CFB Summerside.
Ghiz's government subsequently accepted a $200 million funding agreement for highway construction in exchange for the provincial government allowing the federal Crown corporation CN Rail to abandon railway service in the province.
Ghiz favoured concessions to Quebec in constitutional negotiations and campaigned for the Charlottetown Accord, resigning three months after the accord was defeated in a 1992 referendum.
Following his decision to leave politics, Ghiz served as dean of his alma mater, the Dalhousie Law School until 1995, when he was appointed as a justice to the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island.
Several weeks before his death, he was driven by construction personnel across the largest completed section of the Confederation Bridge which had yet to be connected to the North American mainland.
His son Robert, served as the 31st Premier of Prince Edward Island from June 12, 2007 to February 23, 2015 (leader of the PEI Liberal Party, 2003–2015).
This was the second time in the history of Prince Edward Island that a father-son team both served as premier, the other pair (also Liberal) being Thane Campbell (1936–1943) and his son Alexander B. Campbell (1966–1978).
It is also currently marketed as the Fiat Talento, the Nissan NV300 and, until the model year of 2018, as the Opel/Vauxhall Vivaro.
Previous versions of the Renault Trafic have been sold in Malaysia by Inokom, and the original generation is now sold in India by Tata Motors.
However, following the takeover of Opel/Vauxhall by Groupe PSA, the Trafic-based Vivaro will go out of production in 2018, to be replaced by the next generation Vivaro based on the EMP2 Platform for the 2019 model year.
Originally, the van had some variations in the front end shape depending which engine was fitted, with the original 1397 cc motor fitting behind a flat grille, and the 2.1-liter diesel engine and larger 1647 cc petrol engines requiring an extended plastic grille and deeper bumper.
The 1721 cc OHC engine replaced the 1647 cc OHV unit in the mid 1980s, which fitted under the shorter grille, but required a small lump in the bonnet.
This model operated as a front-wheel-drive until the rear wheels were engaged with a dog clutch, a system similar to the one used by Renault on the R18 4x4.
In May 1989, the Trafic underwent a major front end facelift, with a rounder shape and a plastic bumper, and the new longer body shape covering all varieties of engine.
In 1995, the Mk1 Trafic got its final facelift, with new grille, new tail lights, large double rear view mirrors, and a new interior with modern dashboard and multi adjustable seats.
The chassis and cab of the 1980s models were used as the base vehicle by Winnebago Industries to build the Winnebago 'LeSharo' from 1983, and Itasca Phasar.
For the chassis and cab version to meet safety and emission requirements in the United States, this version was sold with Renault's J7T: 2165 cc, (2.2 litre) and 2.1 litre diesel and turbo diesel engines, coded as J8S and shared with the 1985 to 1987 AMC/Jeep Cherokee/Commanche.
granted a series of yearly waivers to Winnebago for the non compliance of fitting On Board Diagnostics (OBD I), and remained in effect throughout the model run from 1983 to 1992.
The Mk1 Trafic became popular for professional conversion into budget family motorhomes due to the flexibility of the design and the generous internal space for what was a relatively small van.
From 1997 to 2000, the Renault Trafic was marketed as the Chevrolet Trafic and Opel Arena (Vauxhall Arena in the United Kingdom).
In June 2007, Tata Motors announced the introduction of the Winger, a panel van and minibus based on the 1995 to 2001 version of the Renault Trafic, but fitted with Tata's own two litre diesel engines, with or without turbo.
Designed by Renault's corporate design department based within the company's Technocentre outside Paris, the Trafic was developed by the engineering team of Renault's light commercial vehicle unit at Villiers-Saint-Fréderic.
Manufactured by GM Manufacturing Luton at its plant in Luton — beside Primastar and the Vivaro — the Trafic was the first Renault vehicle to be built in the United Kingdom in more than thirty years.
In particular, high roof versions for Vauxhall, Renault, and Nissan are made in Barcelona because the Luton assembly plant has a low roof which cannot accommodate the extra height of the high roof.
The van exists in several versions, from a three seater with all the rear space available for loads, to a nine seater.
The van was designed by Renault in Paris, and both Renault and Opel versions are manufactured by Opel at their plant in Luton.
A mild facelift in October 2006 had the orange indicators swapped for clear ones, which were more integrated into the headlamp housings.
On the Opel model, the indicators moved from the front bumpers, up into the headlamp housings, thus looking more similar to the Renault.
While the Vivaro is sold as an Opel in most European markets, in the United Kingdom it was sold as a Vauxhall.
The Vivaro is primarily manufactured at GM Manufacturing Luton (previously IBC) in Luton, England and by Nissan at their Zona Franca (Barcelona) facility in Spain.
Two different wheelbase styles, and two roof height options are also available, as well as three diesel engine power options and a petrol engine.
The vehicle was given a mild facelift in 2006, during which the front indicators were moved from the front bumper, up into the headlight housing and only a 2.0 L four cylinder diesel engine is available in two states of tune; a or mated to a six speed manual or optional automatic transmission.
It is plug in hybrid vehicle, with an extended range up to and includes 21 kWh lithium ion batteries enabling over of pure electric driving range.
Opel/Vauxhall variants for the United Kingdom and mainland Europe, continue to be manufactured at GM Manufacturing Luton, except for the high roof variants, which are manufactured at Sandouville.
Two lower power variants (90 PS and 120 PS) use a variable geometry turbocharger, while the highest output (140 PS) variant employs a twin turbocharger arrangement; other features include variable output water and oil pumps and a maintenance free timing chain.
The Opel/Vauxhall Vivaro went out of production in 2018, as a result of the takeover of Opel/Vauxhall by Groupe PSA; it will be replaced by a new generation Vivaro based on the Citroën Jumpy for the model year of 2019.
In November 2018, it was announced that the Mitsubishi Express will be made by Renault, and badged under the brand of Mitsubishi for the market in Australia and New Zealand by 2020.
Calculating an addition chain of minimal length is not easy; a generalized version of the problem, in which one must find a chain that simultaneously forms each of a sequence of values, is NP-complete.
There is no known algorithm which can calculate a minimal addition chain for a given number with any guarantees of reasonable timing or small memory usage.
This inequality is known to hold for all Hansen numbers, a generalization of Brauer numbers; Neill Clift checked by computer that all formula_5 are Hansen (while 5784689 is not).
For financial reasons, however, Sibelius decided to premiere it in Helsinki, and since Burmester was unavailable to travel to Finland, Sibelius engaged Victor Nováček (1873–1914), a Hungarian violin pedagogue of Czech origin who was then teaching at the Helsinki Institute of Music (now the Sibelius Academy).
Sibelius had barely finished the work in time for the premiere, giving Nováček precious little time to prepare, and the piece was of such difficulty that it would have sorely tested even a player of much greater skill.
Given these factors, it was unwise of Sibelius to choose Nováček, who was a teacher and not a recognised soloist, and it is not surprising that the premiere was a disaster.
Willy Burmester was again asked to be the soloist, but he was again unavailable, so the performance went ahead without him, the orchestra's leader Karel Halíř stepping into the soloist's shoes.
Vecsey championed the work, first performing it when he was only 13, although he could not adequately cope with the extraordinary technical demands of the work.
The first time Sibelius himself conducted the revised version was in 1924, in Stockholm, at the same concert as the premiere of his Seventh Symphony.
It was unknown to the world at large until 1991, when Sibelius's heirs permitted one live performance and one recording, on the BIS record label; both were played by Leonidas Kavakos and conducted by Osmo Vänskä.
Certain parts, like the very beginning, most of the third movement, and parts of the second, have not changed at all.
Some of the most striking changes, particularly in the first movement, are in orchestration, with some rhythms played twice as slow.
The southern hemisphere premiere, only the third public performance, was given on 28 November 2015, by Maxim Vengerov with the Queensland Symphony Orchestra under Nicholas Carter.
This is the only concerto that Sibelius wrote, though he composed several other smaller-scale pieces for solo instrument and orchestra, including the six Humoresques for violin and orchestra.
One noteworthy feature of the work is the way in which an extended cadenza for the soloist takes on the role of the development section in the sonata form first movement.
The concerto is scored for solo violin, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani and strings.
The middle section has the solo violin playing ascending broken octaves, with the flute as the main voice of the accompaniment, playing descending notes simultaneously.
The third movement ('Allegro ma non tanto', not overly fast) is widely known amongst violinists for its formidable technical difficulty and is widely considered one of the greatest concerto movements ever written for the instrument.
It opens with four bars of rhythmic percussion, with the lower strings playing 'eighth note ‒ sixteenth note ‒ sixteenth note' figures.
This first section offers a complete and brilliant display of violin gymnastics with up-bow staccato double-stops and a run with rapid string-crossing, then octaves, that leads into the first tutti.
The second theme is taken up by the orchestra and is almost a waltz; the violin takes up the same theme in variations, with arpeggios and double-stops.
A brief orchestral tutti comes before the violin leads things to the finish with a D major scale up, returning down in flatted super-tonic (then repeated).
Most frequency counters work by using a counter which accumulates the number of events occurring within a specific period of time.
If the event to be counted is already in electronic form, simple interfacing to the instrument is all that is required.
Other types of periodic events that are not inherently electronic in nature will need to be converted using some form of transducer.
For example, a mechanical event could be arranged to interrupt a light beam, and the counter made to count the resulting pulses.
For very high (microwave) frequencies, many designs use a high-speed prescaler to bring the signal frequency down to a point where normal digital circuitry can operate.
Above these frequencies the signal to be measured is combined in a mixer with the signal from a local oscillator, producing a signal at the difference frequency, which is low enough to be measured directly.
Highly accurate circuits are used to generate timebases for instrumentation purposes, usually using a quartz crystal oscillator within a sealed temperature-controlled chamber, known as an oven controlled crystal oscillator or crystal oven.
For higher accuracy measurements, an external frequency reference tied to a very high stability oscillator such as a GPS disciplined rubidium oscillator may be used.
Where the frequency does not need to be known to such a high degree of accuracy, simpler oscillators can be used.
A central processing unit (CPU) for example, can be arranged to measure its own frequency of operation provided it has some reference timebase to compare with.
An archivist is an information professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to records and archives determined to have long-term value.
The records maintained by an archivist can consist of a variety of forms, including letters, diaries, logs, other personal documents, government documents, sound and/or picture recordings, digital files, or other physical objects.
Archivists must also select records valuable enough to justify the costs of storage and preservation, plus the labor-intensive expenses of arrangement, description, and reference service.
The two occupations have separate courses of training, adhere to separate and distinct principles, and are represented by separate professional organizations.
In general, the librarian tends to deal with published media (where the metadata, such as author, title, and date of publication, may be readily apparent and can be presented in standardized form), whereas the archivist deals with unpublished media (which has different challenges such as the metadata not always being immediately apparent, containing complications and variety, and more likely to depend on provenance).
In addition, because archival records are frequently unique, some archivists may be as much concerned with the preservation and custody of the information carrier (i.e.
In this regard, some would argue the archivist may have more in common with the museum curator than with the librarian.
The occupation of archivist is also frequently distinguished from that of records manager, although in this case the distinction is less absolute: the archivist is predominantly concerned with records deemed worthy of permanent preservation, whereas the records manager is more concerned with records of current administrative importance.
Because of this, the position duties for each occupation can easily intertwine, particularly if both occupations are present at an institution.
They also process the records intellectually, by determining what the records consist of, how they are organized, and what, if any, finding aids need to be created.
Even if the original arrangement is unclear or unhelpful in terms of accessing the collection, it is rarely rearranged to something that makes more sense.
This is because preserving the original order shows how the creator of the records functioned, why the records were created, and how they went about arranging them.
However, original order is not always the best way to maintain some collections and archivists must use their own experience and current best practices to determine the correct way to preserve collections of mixed media or those lacking a clear original arrangement.
Archivists' work encompasses a range of ethical decisions that may be thought of as falling into three broad and intertwined areas: legal requirements; professional standards; and accountability to society in selecting and preserving documentary materials that serve as a primary source of knowledge, and influence collective memory and identity.
The Society of American Archivists first adopted a code of ethics in 1980; the International Council on Archives adopted one in 1996.
This reference work can be a small part of an archivist's job in a smaller organization, or consist of most of their occupation in a larger archive where specific roles (such as processing archivist and reference archivist) may be delineated.
Archivists work for a variety of organizations, including government agencies, local authorities, museums, hospitals, historical societies, businesses, charities, corporations, colleges and universities, national parks and historic sites, and any institution whose records may potentially be valuable to researchers, exhibitors, genealogists, or others.
Archivists are often educators as well; it is not unusual for an archivist employed at a university or college to lecture in a subject related to their collection.
Archivists employed at cultural institutions or for local government frequently design educational or outreach programs to further the ability of archive users to understand and access information in their collections.
The advent of Encoded Archival Description (EAD), along with increasing demand for materials to be made available online, has required archivists to become more tech-savvy in the past decade.
The Australian Society of Archivists is the professional body for archivists, and is responsible for the accreditation of the various University courses.
Courses are now offered at Curtin University in Western Australia, Charles Sturt University in New South Wales, Monash University in Victoria and University of South Australia at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Courses are offered in a variety of modes, including online via Open University Australia and through a combination of online and internal units at the various universities.
Many universities in Brazil, such as the University of Brasilian (UnB), the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and the São Paulo State University (UNESP) offer the degree in archival science.
It is a vocational training program, within existing legal standards aimed at providing knowledge, skills and abilities required for the design and management of information systems and documentation of various sorts.
Its projection for the future is based on the application of new information technologies and communications for the management of information services economically viable.
In the Republic of Ireland, the University College Dublin School of History and Archives offers a Masters of Arts degree in Archives and Records Management, recognised by the Society of Archivists.
In the United Kingdom, there are currently five full- or part-time postgraduate courses in archives administration or management which are recognised by the Archives and Records Association (United Kingdom and Ireland).
Students are expected to have relevant paid or voluntary work experience before obtaining a place on the UK courses; many undertake a year's traineeship.
The most common types of advanced degrees held by archivists are in archival science, public history, history, library science, or library and information science.
In 2002, the Society of American Archivists published Guidelines for a Graduate Program in Archival Studies; it also promotes and disseminates a code of ethics, which has undergone several revisions since it was first adopted in 1980.
When first established in 1989, some critics of ACA certification objected to its annual membership fees, the theoretical versus practical nature of its tests, and the need for members to re-certify every five years.
However, in the decades since, it has been agreed that such requirements are comparable with certification programs in other professions, and that certification strengthens professional standards and individual competencies.
While some positions in archives require certification and many employers view certification as preferred, it is not required by all employers in the United States.
Many archivists belong to a professional organization, such as the Society of American Archivists, the Association of Canadian Archivists, the Archives and Records Association (UK/Ireland), the Colombian College of Archivists - CCA, and the Australian Society of Archivists, as well as any number of local or regional associations.
In addition to formal degrees and or apprenticeships, many archivists take part in continuing education opportunities as available through professional associations and library school programs.
New discoveries in the fields of media preservation and emerging technologies require continuing education as part of an archivist's job in order to stay current in the profession.
Notably, within these rules, the principle of preserving provenance and original order was first argued for as an essential trait of archival arrangement and description.
In this work, Jenkinson states that archives are evidence and that the moral and physical defence of this evidential value is the central tenet of archival work.
Schellenberg's work was intended to be an academic textbook defining archival methodology and giving archivists specific technical instruction on workflow and arrangement.
Moving away from Jenkinson's organic and passive approach to archival acquisition, where the administrator decided what was kept and what was destroyed, Schellenberg argued for a more active approach by archivists to appraisal.
His primary (administrative) and secondary (research) value model for the management and appraisal of records and archives allowed government archivists greater control over the influx of material that they faced after the Second World War.
As a result of the widespread adoption of Schellenberg's methods, especially in the United States of America, modern Records Management as a separate but related discipline was born.
Norton was one of the founders of the Society of American Archivists, and wrote essays based on her decades of experience working in the Illinois State Archives.
Archivists, like librarians, are taking advantage of Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, wikis, as well as open access and open source philosophies.
Archives 2.0, by extension, is more of a participatory online repository than a true-to-form established entity, although it has fallen considerably behind Web 2.0 in overall acceptance by archivists themselves.
While Archives 2.0 may refer to implementing new technologies, it is also a way of engaging with archives in an effort to promote openness and flexibility of archival materials.
This can be achieved through community participation in archives, archivists actively engaging with their collections, and promoting archival benefits in the modern world.
She asserts that her representation of Archives 1.0 is by no means exhaustive or fully comprehensive of the breadth of archival experience.
When working in an archives that is dedicated to upholding 2.0 standards, the focus has shifted onto the user experience at an archives: community use, or research and reference help.
Transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS), a technology for transmitting high-speed serial data, is used by the DVI and HDMI video interfaces, as well as by other digital communication interfaces.
The transmitter incorporates an advanced coding algorithm which reduces electromagnetic interference over copper cables and enables robust clock recovery at the receiver to achieve high skew tolerance for driving longer cables as well as shorter low-cost cables.
In the first stage, the first bit is untransformed and each subsequent bit is either XOR or XNOR transformed against the previous bit.
The encoder chooses between XOR and XNOR by determining which will result in the fewest transitions; the ninth bit encodes which operation was used.
In the second stage, the first eight bits are optionally inverted to even out the balance of ones and zeros and therefore the sustained average DC level; the tenth bit encodes whether this inversion took place.
The 10-bit TMDS symbol can represent either an 8-bit data value during normal data transmission, or 2 bits of control signals during screen blanking.
Control data characters are designed to have a large number (7) of transitions to help the receiver synchronize its clock with the transmitter clock.
On the other channels they encode the CTL0 through CTL3 signals which are unused by DVI but in the case of HDMI are used as a preamble indicating the type of data about to be transferred (Video Data or Data Island), the HDCP status and so on.
TMDS is similar to low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) in that it uses differential signaling to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) which allows faster signal transfers with increased accuracy.
The Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) was a group whose purpose was to define and maintain the Digital Visual Interface standard.
The PLA has a set of programmable AND gate planes, which link to a set of programmable OR gate planes, which can then be conditionally complemented to produce an output.
It has 2 AND Gates for N input variables, and for M outputs from PLA, there should be M OR Gates, each with programmable inputs from all of the AND gates.
PLAs differ from Programmable Array Logic devices (PALs and GALs) in that both the AND and OR gate planes are programmable.
This is particularly valuable when it is part of a processing chip where transistors are scarce (for example, the original 6502 chip contained a PLA to direct various operations of the processor).
if the machine is in state 2, and will go to state 4 if the instruction contains an immediate field; then the PLA should define the actions of the control in state 2, will set the next state to be 4 if the instruction contains an immediate field, and will define the actions of the control in state 4].
It was first heard in the neighborhood Barriada de la Torre or as Jose Rosa in his World Music Survey: The Music from Latin America and the United States states, in the Barrio de San Anton (in Ponce).
Originally, sung texts were not associated with the plena, which was rendered by guitar, accordion and pandero, but eventually, in 1907, singing was added.
The plena was a result of the mixing of the culturally diverse popular class, where their workplace, neighborhood, and life experiences met to create an expressive, satirical style of music.
According to singers discussing the use of the plena, they stated it was song with lyrics that related to a current event.
The eventual widespread acceptance of the plena can be attributed to the increased number of people joining the workforce, which led to a new demand for public leisure.
Eventually, with much whitewashing to make it more palatable to the masses, plena was embraced in earnest as a style of music that united Puerto Ricans.
However, with the acceptance of the upper class, what began as vitally important cultural identifier and personal expression of philosophy, community, and self to the lower class became an entertaining spectacle for the white upper class.
Three different sizes of pandereta are used in plena: the Seguidor (the largest of the three), the Punteador (the medium-sized drum), and the requinto.
The fundamental melody of the plena, as in all regional Puerto Rican music, has a decided Spanish strain; it is marked in the resemblance between the plena Santa María and a song composed in the Middle Ages by Alfonso the Wise, King of Spain.
Generally, anything which appeals to the imagination of the people, such as the arrival of a personage, a crime, a bank moratorium, or a hurricane, can be the subject of plena music.
Plena is played throughout Puerto Rico especially during special occasions such as the Christmas season, and as the musical backdrop for civic protests, due to its traditional use as a vehicle for social commentary.
Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978.
PAL devices consisted of a small PROM (programmable read-only memory) core and additional output logic used to implement particular desired logic functions with few components.
PALs were not the first commercial programmable logic devices; Signetics had been selling its field programmable logic array (FPLA) since 1975.
The FPLA had a relatively slow maximum operating speed (due to having both programmable-AND and programmable-OR arrays), was expensive, and had a poor reputation for testability.
The project to create the PAL device was managed by John Birkner and the actual PAL circuit was designed by H. T. Chua.
His experience with standard logic led him to believe that user programmable devices would be more attractive to users if the devices were designed to replace standard logic.
This meant that the package sizes had to be more typical of the existing devices, and the speeds had to be improved.
This threatened the viability of the PAL as a commercial product, and MMI was forced to license the product line to National Semiconductor.
The programmable logic plane is a programmable read-only memory (PROM) array that allows the signals present on the device pins, or the logical complements of those signals, to be routed to output logic macrocells.
Each output could have up to 8 product terms (effectively AND gates), however the combinational outputs used one of the terms to control a bidirectional output buffer.
There were other combinations that had fewer outputs with more product terms per output and were available with active high outputs.
This fixed output structure often frustrated designers attempting to optimize the utility of PAL devices because output structures of different types were often required by their applications.
PALs were programmed electrically using binary patterns (as JEDEC ASCII/hexadecimal files) and a special electronic programming system available from either the manufacturer or a third-party, such as DATA/IO.
In addition to single-unit device programmers, device feeders and gang programmers were often used when more than just a few PALs needed to be programmed.
Though some engineers programmed PAL devices by manually editing files containing the binary fuse pattern data, most opted to design their logic using a hardware description language (HDL) such as Data I/O's ABEL, Logical Devices' CUPL, or MMI's PALASM.
It was used to express boolean equations for the output pins in a text file which was then converted to the 'fuse map' file for the programming system using a vendor-supplied program; later the option of translation from schematics became common, and later still, 'fuse maps' could be 'synthesized' from an HDL (hardware description language) such as Verilog.
The initial release was for the IBM PC and MS-DOS, but it was written in the C programming language so it could be ported to additional platforms.
The development team was Michael Holley, Mike Mraz, Gerrit Barrere, Walter Bright, Bjorn Freeman-Benson, Kyu Lee, David Pellerin, Mary Bailey, Daniel Burrier and Charles Olivier.
Data I/O spun off the ABEL product line into an EDA company called Synario Design Systems and then sold Synario to MINC Inc in 1997.
The company closed its doors in 1998 and Xilinx acquired some of MINC’s assets including the ABEL language and tool set.
They had the PALASM software built-in and only required a CRT terminal to enter the equations and view the fuse plots.
After buying out MMI (circa 1987), AMD spun off a consolidated operation as Vantis, and that business was acquired by Lattice Semiconductor in 1999.
For example, the 16V8 GAL is able to replace the 16L8, 16H8, 16H6, 16H4, 16H2 and 16R8 PALs (and many others besides).
The 20-pin CMOS EEPROM part could be used in place of any of the registered-output bipolar PALs and used much less power.
Specifically, while talking with the disgruntled crew members, the captain is known to have placed his cap over a written list of demands which could have been used as legal evidence of a mutiny, pretending not to notice it.
In November 1955, the Second Canadian Escort Squadron was among the Canadian units that took part in one of the largest naval exercises since the Second World War off the coast of California.
That month, she transferred to the east coast where she became part of the destroyer squadron made up of the Tribal-class destroyers in the Royal Canadian Navy.
Founded in 1986, the team played its final year in the second tier of the United States soccer pyramid in the NASL Conference of the USSF Division 2 Professional League coached by Teitur Thordarson.
On March 19, 2009, an ownership group led by principal Greg Kerfoot was granted a Major League Soccer expansion franchise which began play in 2011 under the name Vancouver Whitecaps FC.
The team was previously known as the Vancouver 86ers of both the Canadian Soccer League, American Professional Soccer League (APSL), and later the A-League.
The club later played in two later versions of the second tier A-League known as the USL-1 and USSF Division 2 Professional League in North America.
In 1986, a professional soccer team was again launched in Vancouver, the Vancouver 86ers—so named because of both the year of the team's founding and to commemorate the year Vancouver was founded (1886).
by player/head coach Bob Lenarduzzi and his assistant Alan Errington, the 86ers were triumphant in their inaugural CSL match, as they defeated Edmonton Brickmen 4–2 in front of 7,646 fans at Swangard Stadium in Burnaby, BC, on June 7, 1987.
The 86ers went on to finish second in the Western Division standings that year before bowing out to inaugural league champions Calgary Kickers in the playoff semifinals.
The 86ers played in the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) winning four straight CSL Championships (1988–1991) and five consecutive CSL regular-season first-place finishes (1988–92).
In 1988–1989, the team, coached by Bob Lenarduzzi, set a North American professional sports record by playing 46 consecutive games without a loss.
Also in 1988 the Vancouver 86ers and Calgary Kickers played six friendly matches each against the Western Soccer Alliance in the month of May.
In 1990, the Vancouver 86ers captured the North American Club Championship after defeating the Maryland Bays 3–2 in the final played in Burnaby.
The game was played between the champions of the Canadian Soccer League and the champions of the American Professional Soccer League (APSL).
Facing APSL champions Colorado Foxes over two legs, Vancouver suffered a heartbreaking 3–2 defeat in the first leg in Colorado on August 3, 1992, before the Foxes advanced to the final, as a 2–1 second-leg win at Swangard on August 11, 1992, secured a 5–3 aggregate victory for Colorado.
Vancouver played in the CSL from its inception in 1987 until the league folded in 1992, and then moved over to the APSL in 1993 which was later absorbed into the USL hierarchy of leagues in 1997 becoming the A-League, later renamed the USL.
In 2001, the team began to use the old Vancouver Whitecaps moniker (signifying both the 'white caps' of the nearby mountains, and the waves of the Pacific Ocean).
In 2003, the name was again changed, albeit only slightly, to Whitecaps FC, which encompasses the men's, women's, and youth development teams within the organization.
In 2006, the Whitecaps organization won an unprecedented double-championship, claiming both the United Soccer Leagues First Division championship trophy, defeating the host Rochester Rhinos 3–0 at PAETEC Park, and winning the W-League women's trophy.
The men's team also won the Nation's Cup, a new tournament established by their club as a way to feature the Whitecaps playing against international competition.
The following season, the Whitecaps signed a deal to play an exhibition match against the Los Angeles Galaxy, which featured international David Beckham, and promoted Director of Soccer Operations Bob Lenarduzzi to team president.
October 12, 2008, they claimed their second United Soccer Leagues First Division championship with a 2–1 victory over the Puerto Rico Islanders.
In 2009, they placed 7th in the league and were eliminated in the final by the Montreal Impact on a 6–3 aggregate.
In November 2009 the Whitecaps, along with several other teams, announced their intent to leave the USL First Division to become the co-founders of a new North American Soccer League, which was to begin play in 2010.
On November 24, 2009 it was announced that Paul Barber, the former Executive Director of Tottenham Hotspur, will become the Chief Executive Operations director of the Caps.
Whitecaps played a 30-match regular season, with 15 home games and a 15 games away in the United States Soccer Federation Division 2 Professional League.
Garber and MLS president Mark Abbott were in Vancouver on December 7, 2008 to tour BC Place Stadium and learn about the proposed renovations, which were scheduled to be completed in time for the 2011 MLS season.
They began their inaugural MLS season at Empire Field, a temporary stadium built at the former site of Empire Stadium, and moved into BC Place Stadium when renovations to the stadium were completed.
For some time, the City of Vancouver and the ownership group of the Whitecaps were considering the idea to build the team a soccer-specific stadium called Whitecaps Waterfront Stadium.
There was a fair degree of controversy with regards to this location; a Vancouver council session to debate the issue was extended to four nights to allow public input.
Detractors viewed the proposed stadium as an incongruous addition to nearby historic Gastown that would block waterfront access and promote piecemeal development of the area.
Proponents of the development felt that the stadium would attract new business to the downtown and Gastown areas, particularly since the soccer team tended to attract a family-oriented audience.
On July 11, 2006, Vancouver City Council voted unanimously to proceed with the stadium project, so long as the Whitecaps could meet certain conditions regarding land use.
On January 22, 2007, the Whitecaps filed a new proposal shifting the proposed site for the stadium project to the current location of the SeaBus terminal, a short distance northwest of the previous site.
With the Whitecaps moving up to MLS, the franchise has signed to initially play at Empire Field, and then BC Place Stadium from 2011 to at least 2015.
Due the hurdles of getting the new stadium approved, the project has been abandoned with the team committed to playing at BC Place Stadium.
In 2009, the Cup involved only the Whitecaps and Timbers because the Sounders were replaced by an MLS team of the same name.
The Whitecaps also compete on a yearly basis with the Montreal Impact and Toronto FC for the Voyageurs Cup or Canadian Championship.
Alex Jennings (born 10 May 1957) is an English actor, who has worked extensively with the Royal Shakespeare Company and National Theatre.
He attended Abbs Cross Technical High School in Hornchurch and then studied English and Theatre studies at the University of Warwick, graduating in 1978.
He said he saw his first theatre when he was in high school and went to the Old Vic Theatre, which led him to be inspired to be an actor.
In 2018 he played Liberal MP Peter Bessell in A Very English Scandal, a miniseries about the Jeremy Thorpe affair by Stephen Frears.
Fallout 2: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game is a turn-based role-playing open world video game developed by Black Isle Studios and published by Interplay Productions in October 1998.
It tells the story of the original hero's descendant and their quest to save their primitive tribe from starvation by finding an ancient environmental restoration machine known as the Garden of Eden Creation Kit (GECK).
Injuries and poisons can reduce the number of action points available both in a single turn and semi-permanently, until combat ends and the player can be treated.
Combat and completion of jobs or quests reward the player with experience points with which they can level up their characters and apply beneficial perks to become more suited to the dangerous post-apocalyptic world.
General gameplay consists of traveling and interacting with local inhabitants and organizations to complete goals and aid or inhibit the NPCs.
Faced with the calamity, the village elder asks the direct descendant of the Vault Dweller, referred to as the Chosen One, to perform the quest of retrieving a Garden of Eden Creation Kit (GECK) for Arroyo.
The player, assuming the role of the Chosen One, is given nothing more than the Vault Dweller's jumpsuit, a RobCo PIPBoy 2000, a Vault 13 water flask, a spear and some cash to start on their mission.
The Chosen One eventually finds Vault 13, the supposed location of a GECK, devoid of the majority of its former human inhabitants and instead inhabited by intelligent Deathclaws.
The Chosen One then returns to find their village captured by the remnants of the United States government known as the Enclave.
The Chosen One, through various means, activates an ancient oil tanker and engages its autopilot, thus allowing them to reach the Enclave's main base on an offshore oil rig.
It is revealed that the dwellers of Vault 13 were captured as well, to be used as test subjects for Forced Evolutionary Virus (FEV).
Vault 13 was supposed to be closed for 200 years as part of a government experiment, making them perfect test subjects.
The Chosen One frees both their fellow villagers from Arroyo and the Vault 13 dwellers from Enclave control and subsequently destroys the Enclave's oil rig, killing the President of the United States (President Richardson) as well as a genetically modified Secret Service enforcer named Frank Horrigan.
In the end, the inhabitants of Vault 13 and the Arroyo villagers create a new prosperous community with the help of the GECK.
Upon its release, it secured third place on PC Data's computer game sales chart for the first week of November 1998.
It was absent from the weekly top 10 by its second week but debuted at #20 for the month of November overall in the United States.
She was also deployed on missions throughout the Atlantic and to the Indian Ocean; specifically, the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea after Iraq occupied Kuwait.
After Operation Desert Storm began in January 1991, the task group undertook escort duties for hospital ships and other vulnerable naval vessels of the coalition.
Léogâne is a city of 135,000 that was slow to receive relief efforts and was almost completely destroyed by the earthquake.
The ship was repaired and set sail on 8 September 2015, NATO naval exercises Joint Warrior and Trident Venture with , , , and .
After returning from her last port visit in Bermuda, the ship conducted two days sails for families and past crew members, on 7 and 8 March 2017, respectively.
The vessel conducted a final sail past of Halifax Harbour on 10 March 2017, upon which she was paid off and the ship's company reassigned to other units.
Although much of his early professional artwork is signed Wallace Wood, he became known as Wally Wood, a name he claimed to dislike.
He was the inaugural inductee into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1989, and was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1992.
Recalling his childhood, Wood said that his dream at age six, about finding a magic pencil that could draw anything, foretold his future as an artist.
Wood graduated from high school in 1944, signed on with the United States Merchant Marine at the close of World War II and enlisted in the U.S. Army's 11th Airborne Division in 1946.
Arriving in New York City with his brother Glenn and mother Alma (of Finnish descent), after his military discharge in July 1948, Wood found employment at Bickford's restaurant as a busboy.
During his time off he carried his thick portfolio of drawings all over midtown Manhattan, visiting every publisher he could find.
In 1948 he enrolled in the Cartoonists and Illustrators School (now known as the School of Visual Arts), staying less than one year (although he made a number of professional contacts which helped him later).
By October, after being rejected by every company he visited, Wood met fellow artist John Severin in the waiting room of a small publisher.
After the two shared their experiences attempting to find work, Severin invited Wood to visit his studio, the Charles William Harvey Studio, where Wood met Charlie Stern, Harvey Kurtzman (who was working for Timely/Marvel) and Will Elder.
Working from a Manhattan studio at West 64th Street and Columbus Avenue, Wood began to attract attention in 1950 with his science-fiction artwork for EC and Avon Comics, some in collaboration with Joe Orlando.
It was a cartoonist and science-fiction writers' ghetto – just a huge room where the walls were knocked down, dark, smelly, roach-infested, and all these cartoonists and writers bent over their tables.
The poster depicts a number of copyrighted Disney characters in various unsavory activities (including sex acts and drug use), with huge dollar signs radiating from Cinderella's Castle.
Discovering from Roy Thomas that Jack Kirby had returned to DC in 1970, Wood called editor Joe Orlando in an attempt to get the assignment to ink Kirby's new work, but that role was already filled by Vince Colletta.
Associates and assistants included Dan Adkins, Richard Bassford, Howard Chaykin, Tony Coleman, Nick Cuti, Leo and Diane Dillon, Larry Hama, Russ Jones, Wayne Howard, Paul Kirchner, Joe Orlando, Bill Pearson, Al Sirois, Ralph Reese, Bhob Stewart, Tatjana Wood, and Mike Zeck.
Wood offered his fellow professionals the opportunity to contribute illustrations and graphic stories that detoured from the usual conventions of the comics industry.
Pearson, in 1993–95, reformatted the strips into a series of comics published by Eros Comix, an imprint of Fantagraphics Books, which in 1998 collected the entire run into a single 160-page volume.
Over time he created a series of layout techniques sketched on pieces of paper which he taped up near his drawing table.
Hama left out two of the original 24 panels as his photocopies were too faint to make out some of the lightest sketches.
In 2006, writer/artist Joel Johnson bought the Larry Hama paste-up of photocopies at auction and made it available for wide distribution on the Internet.
a creation using the motif of one of them, depicting Daredevil and Wood himself, in Wally Wood style – and the Wally Wood Estate's official print of the panels.
Edith Chewanjel Masai (born 4 April 1967) is a Kenyan former long-distance runner who specialised in cross country and track races, then road races in her late career.
Her best achievements are three individual gold medals in the short race at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships between 2002 and 2004.
On the track she was the bronze medallist over 5000 metres at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics and was the 2006 African Champion over 10,000 metres.
She has also won silver medals over 10,000 m at the 2007 All-Africa Games and 5000 m at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
She won the Lotto Cross Cup Brussels in 2001 and went on to take bronze in the short race at the World Cross Country Championships that year.
She made her marathon debut at the age of 38, but gave a confident first performance, clocking 2:27:06 to win the 2005 Hamburg Marathon.
Masai participated the 2008 World championships marathon in Osaka, Japan, finishing 8th in a race won by her compatriot Catherine Ndereba.
In precolonial times, these were the primary sources for education in the area, and taught basic literacy to a large proportion of children even in quite remote mountainous areas - leading to the generally accepted speculation that literacy rates in Algeria at the time of the French conquest in 1830 were higher than those of European France.
Their curriculum began with memorization of the Arabic alphabet and the later, shorter suras of the Qur'an; if a student was sufficiently interested or apt, it progressed to law (fiqh), theology, Arabic grammar (usually taught with ibn Adjurrum's famous summary), mathematics (mainly as it pertained to the complex legal system of inheritance distribution), and sometimes astronomy.
These are still operational throughout the Maghreb, and continue to be a major educational resource in the Sahel of West Africa, from Mauritania to Nigeria.
Among the Hassaniya Arabic-speaking populations of Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco, Mali and Algeria (often referred to as Sahrawis), the term is also used to signify a certain type of tribe.
Sahrawi society was traditionally (and still is, to some extent) stratified into several tribal castes, with the Hassane warrior tribes ruling and extracting tribute—horma—from the subservient Sanhaja Berbers.
This did not necessarily mean that they maintained a monastery or school as described above, since all these tribes were more or less nomadic.
However, important sheikhs and Sufis would sometimes create schools, or, after their deaths, their mazar (mausoleum) would turn into holy places of significance to the tribe.
Often, the Zawaya were descended from Sanhaja, while the Hassane claimed lineage from the Beni Ḥassān, who are identified as Arabs.
Even if intermarriage and tribal alliances made the distinction difficult to maintain from a scientific perspective, it was culturally important; however, from about the 19th century, most or all Sahrawi tribes had adopted Hassaniya Arabic and come to regard themselves as Arabs.
Sometimes, the Zawaya and Hassane roles changed with this: military and economic strength would often lead to a gradual redefinition of the tribe's role, and, simultaneously, to its self-perception of religious and ethnic background.
The design is of three-surface configuration, having both a small forward wing and a conventional tailplane as well as its main wing, with the main wing spars passing behind the passenger cabin area.
A 1980s wave of new-generation planes, developed to appeal to Fortune 500 clients, included Piaggio's Avanti and Beech Aircraft Corp.'s very similar Starship.
Learjet's design influence can be seen in the steeply raked windshield and the two large ventral delta fins under the tail.
At high angles of attack these delta fins provide a nose-down pitching moment and help to avoid a potential stall, and they increase stability in flight by damping yaw and Dutch roll.
Gates Learjet's financial problems ended their collaboration in January 1986, but Piaggio continued the project, and the first prototype flew on 23 September 1986.
The first 12 fuselages were manufactured in Wichita, Kansas, with H & H Parts and Plessey Midwest, then flown to Italy for final assembly.
Avanti Aviation Wichita ran out of money in 1994; the project languished until a group of investors led by Piero Ferrari became involved in 1998.
In addition to heading, attitude and navigation information, flat panel color liquid crystal displays add collision avoidance (TCAS), ground proximity (TAWS) and real-time graphic weather depiction.
The Avanti is marketed as being faster than other turboprops and many midsized jets, with cost efficiency as much as 40 percent better than market-competing jets, as a result of less drag and a lower fuel burn rate.
Powered by the same Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-66 engines as the Beechcraft King Air B200, the Avanti II is faster than that model King Air.
First flown in 2013, the P.1HH UAV prototype crashed off Sicily in May 2016 after 100h of flight tests, a second prototype flew in July 2017 before two others joined.
The first Avanti EVO manufactured at the new $150 million factory at Albenga Airport was delivered in 2016, one year after moving production from its previous Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport plant.
After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, a key US fractional customer went bankrupt and P.180 Evo sales dropped from a 2008 peak of 30 deliveries to just three in 2018.
By November 2018, no P.1HHs were delivered to the UAE and the Italian Ministry of Defence €766 million support for the P.2HH program was frozen as populist coalition partner Five Star Movement prioritized social programmes over defence spending.
While the deals should be approved later, two aircraft had been delivered so far in 2019, and two more remain in the backlog.
Three non-binding expressions of interest to buy the aircraft business had been received, 10 for the engine business and 26 for the whole company.
This reduces the load on the tailplane, even when the flaps are deployed, by reducing the pitch-down moment created by the deployment of the main wing flaps.
The forward wing's angle of incidence is slightly greater than that of the main wing, so that it stalls before the main wing, producing an automatic nose-down effect prior to the onset of main wing stall; its five-degree anhedral (negative dihedral) keeps the stream wash interference clear of the engine inlets, the main wing and the tailplane.
The cabin cross-section varies continuously along the length of the aircraft; the shape approximates an NACA airfoil section, and the slowly changing curve helps prolong laminar flow on the front of the fuselage.
Piaggio claims that the fuselage contributes up to 20% of the Avanti's total lift, with the front and rear wing providing the remaining 80%.
The front and rear airfoils are custom sections designed by Jerry Gregorek of Ohio State University's Aeronautical and Astronautical Research Laboratory to achieve a drag-reducing 50% laminar flow at cruise.
The company claims the overall design of the P180 Avanti II enables the wing to be 34% smaller than on conventional aircraft.
The P180 is reported to have good fuel efficiency relative to small turbojets flying in the same speed and altitude range.
By this estimate, mileage is 70% better per fuel unit than comparable jet aircraft, although this greater efficiency is achieved only at a relatively slow 315 KTAS and FL410.
The exterior noise level and its higher pitched sound has been shown to be the result primarily of the interaction of the turbine engine exhaust flows and the five-bladed pusher propellers (est.
On takeoff, the Avanti has been measured at 81.9 dBA sideline noise level, slightly lower than the Beechcraft King Air at 82.8 dBA.
However, the P180 has been the subject of noise complaints at airports, such as Aspen–Pitkin County Airport in Colorado as well as Naples Municipal Airport, Florida, where that airport authority determined it was the noisiest aircraft using the facility.
The Piaggio P.180 Avanti has a sea level, standard day, maximum gross weight takeoff distance of and a landing roll of .
The fractional aircraft operator Avantair was Piaggio's largest client, with a fleet of 57 Avanti aircraft, before they went bankrupt and the fleet was liquidated.
In May 2017, 220 aircraft were in operation around the world, with 89 being first-generation Avanti, 126 second-generation Avanti II and 6 Avanti EVO models.
A Piaggio Avanti San Diego-to-Charleston flight in 2003, piloted by Joe Ritchie with co-pilot Steve Fossett, set National Aeronautic Association and Fédération Aéronautique Internationale transcontinental speed records with an average speed of , breaking the previous Los Angeles to New York turboprop record of 395.21 knots set by Chuck Yeager in 1986 in a Piper Cheyenne 400LS.
Its design was started in 1958, it first ran in February 1960, first flew on 30 May 1961, entered service in 1964 and has been continuously updated since.
It consists of two basic sections: a gas generator with accessory gearbox and a free power turbine with reduction gearbox, and is often seemingly mounted backwards in an aircraft in so far as the intake is at the rear and the exhaust at the front.
Many variants of the PT6 have been produced, not only as turboprops but also for helicopters, land vehicles, hovercraft, boats, as auxiliary power units and for industrial uses.
In 1956, Pratt & Whitney Canada's (PWC) president, Ronald Riley, ordered engineering manager Dick Guthrie to hire a team of gas turbine specialists to design a small gas turbine engine.
Demand for the Wasp radial engine was still strong and its production was profitable but the aim was to become Canada's prime engine company by focusing on a small gas turbine engine.
Guthrie recruited twelve engineers with experience gained at various places including the National Research Council in Ottawa, Orenda Engines in Ontario, Bristol Aero Engines and Blackburn Aircraft.
It was a 3,000lb thrust turbojet but the design was taken over by P&WA who developed it into the Pratt & Whitney JT12.
The team had to wait for market assessments to define their next engine, a 450 shaft horsepower turboprop for twin-engined aircraft, the PT6.
The early development of the PT-6, which first ran in December 1963, was beset with engineering problems, cost overruns and lack of sales.
how to develop the engine, because, as one of the team Elvie Smith recalled, they came from research and design backgrounds.
They learned how to run a development program, such as testing around the clock rather than on one shift, from a PWA team which directed the development for several months.
The PT-6 first flew on 30 May 1961, mounted as a third engine in the nose of a Beech 18 aircraft which had been converted by de Havilland at its Downsview, Ontario facility.
The Beech 18 continued as a PT6 and propeller flying test-bed until it was replaced with a Beech King Air in 1980.
In 1974 the Beech 18 had been unable to fly fast enough and high enough to test the PT6A-50 for the de Havilland Canada Dash 7 so a Vickers Viscount was modified as a PT6 test-bed with a Dash-7 installation in the nose.
The first application was the Beech Queen Air, enticing the U.S. Army to buy a fleet of the U-21 Ute variant.
From 1963 to 2016 power-to-weight ratio was improved by 50%, brake specific fuel consumption by 20% and overall pressure ratio reached 14:1.
Its development continues and while today its basic configuration is the same as in 1964, updates have included a cooled first-stage turbine vane, additional compressor and turbine stages and single-crystal turbine blades in the early 1990s.
In response to the General Electric GE93, in 2017 Pratt & Whitney Canada started testing core technology and systems for a proposed 2,000hp engine to replace the most powerful versions of the PT6.
It was considered likely to be a development of the PT6C core, and would fit between the 1,750 shp PT6C-67C/E and the 2,300 shp PW100 family.
It was expected to be ready to launch by the end of 2017 for an initial helicopter platform with a 10-15% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption.
This 2,000 hp engine would target a possible new market such as a Super PC-12, a more powerful TBM, or a bigger King Air.
When de Havilland Canada asked for a much larger engine for the DHC-8, roughly twice the power of the Large PT6, Pratt & Whitney Canada responded with a new design initially known as the PT7, later renamed Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100.
The rate at which parts deteriorate in a gas turbine is unbalanced insofar as the hottest parts need replacing or repairing more often than the cooler-running parts.
If the hotter parts can be removed without disturbing the rest of the engine, for example without removing the complete engine from the aircraft, maintenance costs are reduced.
It was achieved with the PT6 by having the hottest parts, the gas generator turbine and combustor, at the propeller end.
A similar general arrangement with a free-turbine power take-off at the exhaust end ( the 1,000 shp P.181 engine) had been shown by Armstrong Siddeley Motors at the Farnborough Airshow in 1957.
An early design improvement, incorporated in the PT6A-20, was the pipe diffuser patented by Vrana, another of the original PT6 team.
The PT6 has a bleed arrangement which reuses the bleed air by returning it in a tangential direction at the entry to the compressor, an idea patented by Schaum et al.
All versions of the engine consist of two sections that can be easily separated for maintenance: a gas generator supplies hot pressurized gas to a free power turbine.
The air then flows into a single-stage centrifugal compressor, through a folded annular combustion chamber, and finally through a single-stage turbine that powers the compressors at about 45,000 rpm.
For turboprop use, this powers a two-stage planetary output reduction gearbox, which turns the propeller at a speed of 1,900 to 2,200 rpm.
This places the power section at the front of the nacelle, where it can drive the propeller directly without the need for a long shaft.
Intake air is usually fed to the engine via an underside mounted duct, and the two exhaust outlets are directed rearward.
This arrangement aids maintenance by allowing the entire power section to be removed along with the propeller, exposing the gas-generator section.
By the 40th anniversary of its maiden flight in 2001, over 36,000 PT6As had been delivered, not including the other versions.
While lacking a FADEC, autothrottle can be installed as an aftermarket upgrade with an actuator, initially in single-engine aircraft like a PC-12 and possibly in twin-turboprop aircraft.
It is a special-purpose algorithm, meaning that it is only suitable for integers with specific types of factors; it is the simplest example of an algebraic-group factorisation algorithm.
Most sufficiently large primes are strong; if a prime used for cryptographic purposes turns out to be non-strong, it is much more likely to be through malice than through an accident of random number generation.
This terminology is considered obsolete by the cryptography industry: ECM makes safe primes just as easy to factor as non-safe primes, so size is the important factor.
The Blue Coat School is a mixed gender Church of England academy for 11- to 18-year-olds, located in the town of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.
Thomas Henshaw, who died in 1810, left the sum of £40,000 (£ as of ) for the endowment of the Blue Coat School.
As no provision had been made for the cost of the building, a public meeting was held in Oldham in September 1825, when offers of land were received, and a public appeal was launched for funds to build the school.
From the design of the architect Richard Lane, a start was made in 1829 when the foundation stone was laid, and the school was opened in 1834.
In July 1952, the trustees decided that, as the number of boarders in residence was gradually decreasing, Blue Coat should be closed as a residential school and the building converted for use as a secondary modern day school.
It is now a nine form entry voluntary aided comprehensive school admitting 218 boys and girls each year, with a sixth form, the majority of whom go on to Higher Education.
Voluntary aided status means that the governors of the school are responsible for the upkeep of all buildings and have to rely on the financial support and generosity of parents and friends of the school.
So far additions have been a wheelchair lift to increase disabled access; and the reconstruction and further reconstruction of the school's main entrance.
In 1994 the school completed a major fund-raising campaign, enabling it to build a new science department building, which was completed in 1995.
Completed in 2005, the new multimillion-pound sports hall opened on the west side of the school grounds, and due to this increase in PE space, the school has converted the old girls' gym into the new whole-school restaurant, also this building was extended with more eating areas downstairs, and a second floor mezzanine for the 6th form students.
This has now been turned from a dated 1960s 6 classroom building into a 12 classroom 21st century building still housing the 3 houses on each floor.
Also, the building near the entrance gates has been refurbished and had structural work done, forming a new building for more music activities, such as those who have music lessons (vocal, strings, brass and more) to improve musical abilities.
The Blue Coat school serves a broad catchment area, providing an education for those who live in the areas of Oldham, Manchester, Tameside and Rochdale.
During a school year, there are three communions (Christmas, Easter and end of year) and the assemblies during the school time have a strong Christian theme.
Reflecting the strong Christian ethos of the school, Religious Studies continues to be compulsory taught subject for pupils at GCSE level.
As is the case in most English secondary schools, in years seven to nine, pupils study a broad range of subjects in Key Stage 3, before taking Standard Attainment Tests (SATs) in the core subjects of Mathematics, English and Science in year 9.
These examinations test the competency of both the pupils' understanding of each subject as well as the standard of their teaching.
In addition to these, pupils are given the option of four more subjects, one being a language and another being a Humanity, plus two extras which could be Drama Studies, Information Technology, Physical Education, Business Studies, or one of several Design and Technology courses.
They will also choose a reserve subject, in case they cannot get in a class of one of the subjects or there isn't enough people to make a class.
Alternatively they could choose another sixth form college, such as Oldham Sixth Form College in Oldham or Ashton Sixth Form College in Ashton-under-Lyne.
Should pupils stay on at Blue Coat in year 12, they will be required to choose four subjects to study for AS-level.
Students will have the option of keeping all of their subjects through A2, doing three A2-levels and one new AS-level, or just three A2-levels in year 13.
The intensity of sixth-form is high, with a large amount of coursework expected in each subject, as well as exams at the end of each year.
The school received an outstanding report overall, receiving an excellent rating for teaching in several areas and for management and leadership.
The Blue Coat School has the most successful state Sixth Form Centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, from A/AS Level Results in 2007.
However the achievement gap between Bluecoat and other local schools is less-stark under the new contextual value added measures of absolute educational progress, introduced by the UK government.
In fact in 2008, Grange School in the town, achieved a higher level 2 CVA score than Blue Coat overall, despite having only a 28% GCSE pass rate compared with Bluecoat's 81%.
Although it is to be cautioned that small differences in overall CVA scores may not be statistically significant, it is still interesting that schools with such differing GCSE performance overall could have such similar CVA scores.
In some cases both parents and children have studied at the Blue Coat School and have been in the same house as each other (in some more extreme cases, with the same head of house).
They will then have their year number added onto the name of the form to get their exact form name e.g.
Each house used to have a head and deputy, but despite still being allocated to houses, the students are now looked after in year groups.
The school has House Coordinators to arrange and coordinate house events to ensure the school still retains its house system and to enable the students to retain their house identity.
The students have a twenty-minute break after two, one hour lessons and a 50-minute lunch break after a further two, one hour lessons then assembly then one more, one hour lesson.
The Year Eleven and Sixth Form students are expected to offer guidance and leadership to students in the lower years of the School.
The Sixth Form (Years 12 and 13) has an Assistant Head Teacher in overall charge supported by separate Heads of year.
They also take on greater responsibilities for that year group such as preparing the student for external exams and guiding students on their future after leaving the School.
WIth the help of the sixth form form tutors, they also help to write the references for the students on application forms for higher education and jobs after leaving the school.
Since 2008, at the end of their lower 6th year (year 12), student's in the sixth form are able to apply for a position as a senior student.
Senior students lead preparations for the Year 13 leavers prom, and also suggest charities the sixth form, subsequently decided through a ballet process, donate to.
This is an unfortunate side-effect of the school's policy of religious selection - in many cases those who live closest to the school are denied access with their places assigned to students who live further away, but better meet the School's arbitrary religious selection criteria.
For this reason the catchment area of the school is very broad, and extends over much of Rochdale, Oldham, Manchester and Tameside.
Both Blue Coat, and also Crompton House CE School in Shaw have a consistently excellent track record of high achievement at GCSE and A-Level, in an area of entrenched educational underachievement.
These used to ensure that the children of non-Anglican families were excluded from the two best schools in the Oldham area on entirely religious grounds.
This faith-based admissions policy proved controversial, and led to accusations that the predominantly white, Christian school was wholly unrepresentative of the ethnic makeup of the local area.
These policies caused the school to be thrust uncomfortably into the glare and scrutiny of the media spotlight in the aftermath of the Oldham Riots, and the schools attracted criticism.
The Liberal Democrat education spokesman Phil Willis cited Blue Coat as an example of a school which has only a few non-white pupils despite being in a predominantly ethnic-minority area.
This erroneous statement was made even though he had never visited the area, which is in a predominantly white working class area.
The 2008 school admissions policy for Year 7 pupils welcomes applications from any religion that is part of the UK Inter-Faith Network This includes the Muslim, Sikh and Jewish faiths, along with many others.
This document states that applications from members of these faiths will be judged using the same criteria as for Christian applicants.
Even with this recent change in policy to broaden the basis of selection, the fact still remains that Blue Coat is still effectively a selective school albeit on religious rather than financial or academic grounds.
As might be expected, church schools such as Blue Coat are keen to stress their egalitarian philosophy and principles, and the good work performed by school pupils in the local community.
To the school's credit it is a regular supporter of many local good causes, with Rochdale Hospice in particular traditionally being a major benefactor.
As might be expected though, this central pillar of the school's admission policy has made it an easy target for critics of religious selection who have sought to criticise the school in the past.
Such critics typically seek to argue that although selection exclusively on religious grounds might seem outwardly egalitarian, it actually does just as much to reinforce inequality as the academic selection practiced by grammar schools or the implicit financial selection inherent in independent schools.
However, in terms of its admissions policies, Bluecoat is arguably no different from any number of similar faith schools across the UK who maintain similar admissions practices.
Indeed, given the recent changes to the school's policies there is a good case to be made that is more equitable than most.
Unfortunately, Blue Coat has had this misfortune of being located in an area that suffered from a race riot, which has inevitably led to a spotlight being focussed on the school's policies at a national level.
Despite the change in admissions criteria to include those of other faiths, as of 2010 Blue Coat School has not admitted any pupils that are not regular attenders at Anglican churches for the past two years.
Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire, (6 May 17604 February 1816), styled Lord Hobart from 1793 to 1804, was a British Tory politician.
Buckinghamshire was born at Hampden House, the son of George Hobart, 3rd Earl of Buckinghamshire and Albinia, daughter of Lord Vere Bertie, younger son of Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven.
Buckinghamshire was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the Irish House of Commons for Portarlington from 1784 to 1790 and thereafter for Armagh Borough from 1790 to 1797.
He sat also in the British House of Commons for the rotten borough of Bramber in 1788, a seat he held until 1790, and then for Lincoln from 1790 to 1796.
In 1798 he was recalled to England by the President of the Board of Control responsible for Indian affairs, Henry Dundas and summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Hobart.
He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1805 and again in 1812, Postmaster General from 1806 to 1807 and President of the Board of Control, a post for which his time in India suited him, from 1812 to 1816.
They had one son (who died in infancy) and a daughter, Lady Sarah, who married Prime Minister Lord Goderich and was the mother of George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon.
The Scottish Football League Premier Division was, from 1975 until 1998, the top division of the Scottish Football League and the entire Scottish football league system.
Following a decline in attendances in the early 1960s the SFL management committee wrote to its member clubs in early 1965 proposing change to a three division setup, with 14 clubs in the top flight.
The committee proposed to allocate clubs to each division based on attendance, rather than league position at the end of the previous season, because previous proposals had failed due to uncertainty about where clubs would finish in a given season.
The dominance of Celtic in the late 1960s and early 1970s led to criticism that the league had become too predictable.
In the summer of 1974, the clubs voted in favour of a three division setup, with 10 clubs in the top tier.
It was highly unlikely that either Celtic or Rangers would ever be involved in a relegation battle, given their historic dominance.
The move to a three division system also had the effect of widening the gap in playing standards between the clubs.
Writing in 1990, Bob Crampsey noted that of the 14 clubs in the 1975–76 Scottish Second Division, only one (Clydebank) had ever played in the Premier Division.
Having narrowly avoided relegation from the Premier Division, Dundee United and Aberdeen gained most from the new setup, as they established an ascendancy over Rangers and Celtic in the early 1980s.
The high probability of relegation led to calls for a 12 club Premier Division, but there was insufficient support due to clubs either having to play each other three times or playing a 44-game schedule.
The new setup did result in an increase in attendances, but the risk of relegation caused problems such as defensive playing styles, less young players developing and clubs were unable to plan for the long term.
Aberdeen made those points in conjunction with a proposal to cut relegation to one club, but this did not attract enough support.
A proposal by East Fife to revert to the old two division setup attracted nearly as much support as the Aberdeen plan.
This meant that clubs retained all of the revenue from their home attendances, and were able to vary the cost of admission for different opposing clubs.
The Scottish Football League did not reform the Premier Division, instead leaving the league with just the First, Second and Third Divisions.
Initially and for most of its existence, the Premier Division had 10 clubs that played each other four times, giving a total of 36 games for each club in a season.
From the 1994–95 season, a promotion and relegation two-match playoff was held each year between the second-from bottom in the Premier Division and the runner-up in the First Division.
The modern descendant of Classical Mandaic, known as Neo-Mandaic or Modern Mandaic, is spoken by a small section of the Mandaean community around Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran.
Speakers of Classical Mandaic are found in Iran, Iraq (particularly the southern portions of the country) and in diaspora (particularly in the United States).
It is a variety of Aramaic notable for its use of vowel letters in writing (see Mandaic script) and the striking amount of Persian influence in its lexicon.
Classical Mandaic is a Northwest Semitic language of the Eastern Aramaic sub-family and is closely related to the language of the Aramaic portions of the Babylonian Talmud as well as the language of the incantation texts and Aramaic incantation bowls found throughout Mesopotamia.
It is also related to Syriac, another member of the Eastern Aramaic sub-family, which is the liturgical language of many Christian denominations throughout the Middle East.
Neo-Mandaic represents the latest stage of the phonological and morphological development of Mandaic, a Northwest Semitic language of the Eastern Aramaic sub-family.
Along with the other surviving dialects of Aramaic, it is classified as Neo-Aramaic; these form a constellation of dialects ranging from Lake Van and Lake Urmia in the north to Damascus and Ahvaz in the south, clustered in small groups.
Having developed in isolation from one another, most Neo-Aramaic dialects are mutually unintelligible and should therefore be considered separate languages; however, determining the exact relationship between the various Neo-Aramaic dialects is a difficult task, fraught with many problems, which arise from our incomplete knowledge of these dialects and their relation to the Aramaic dialects of antiquity.
934–609 BCE), and the Achaemenid Empire (576–330 BCE) after them, who adopted it as an auxiliary language for both international communication and internal administrative use.
It gradually came to supplant the native languages of the region, but due to its wide geographic distribution and political circumstances, it soon evolved into two major sub-families, the Western sub-families comprising Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and Samaritan Aramaic and the Eastern subfamilies comprising Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (which was in use until the Geonic period), Syriac, and Mandaic.
Although no direct descendants of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic survive today, most of the Neo-Aramaic dialects spoken today belong to the Eastern sub-family; these include Central Neo-Aramaic (Ṭuroyo and Mlaḥsô), Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (the largest Neo-Aramaic group, which includes various Jewish Neo-Aramaic forms, and the varieties of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic), and Neo-Mandaic.
The only surviving remnant of the Western subfamily is Western Neo-Aramaic, spoken in the villages of Maaloula, Bakhʽa, and Jubb'adin to the northeast of Damascus.
Of all of these dialects, Eastern or Western, only Neo-Mandaic can be described with any certainty as the direct descendant of one of the Aramaic dialects attested in Late Antiquity.
For this reason, it is potentially of great value in reconstructing the history of this sub-family and the precise genetic relationship of its members to one another.
Neo-Mandaic survives in three subdialects, which arose in the cities of Shushtar, Shah Vali, Masjed Soleyman, and Dezful in northern Khuzestan Province, Iran.
The Mandaean communities in these cities fled persecution during the 1880s and settled in the Iranian cities of Ahvaz and Khorramshahr.
While Khorramshahr boasted the largest Mandaic-speaking population until the 1980s, the Iran–Iraq War caused many to flee into diaspora, leaving Ahvaz the only remaining Mandaic-speaking community.
The division between ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation is typically considered to be a photon energy greater than 10 eV, which approximately corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen at about 14 eV.
When molecules absorb photons that matches their energy requirements they promote a valence electron from a ground state to an excited state and they become a lot more reactive.
It also studies what happens with this energy, it could be given off as heat or fluorescence so the molecule goes back to ground state.
2) Second Law of Photochemistry: This law explains that only one molecule will be activated by each photon that is absorbed.
3) Bunsen-Roscoe Law of Reciprosity: This law explains that the energy in the final products of a photochemical reaction will be directly proportional to the total energy that was initially absorbed by the system.
Photosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes for life on earth and its possible only due to the ability of plants to use energy from photons and convert it into molecules such as NADPH and ATP, to then fix carbon dioxide and make it into sugars that plants can use for their growth and development.
But photosynthesis is not the only plant process driven by light, other processes such as photomorphology and plant photoperiod are extremely important for regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth as well as production of plant secondary metabolites.
Photosynthesis is defined as a series of biochemical reactions that phototrophic cells perform to transform light energy to chemical energy and store it in carbon-carbon bonds of carbohydrates.
As it is widely known, this process happens inside of the chloroplast of photosynthetic plant cells where light absorbing pigments can be found embeded in the membranes of structures called thylakoids.
These pigments are organized to maximize the light reception and transfer, and they absorb specific wavelengths to broaden the amount of light that can be captured and used for photo-redox reactions.
Due to the limited amount of pigments in plant photosynthetic cells, there is a limited range of wavelengths that plants can use to perform photosynthesis.
This range is interestingly almost the same as the human visible spectrum and it extends in wavelengths from approximately 400-700 nm.
PAR is measured in μmol sm and it measures the rate and intensity of radiant light in terms of micro-moles per unit of surface area and time that plants can use for photosynthesis.
This process refers to the development of the morphology of plants which is light-mediated and controlled by 5 distinct photoreceptors: UVR8, Cryptochrome, Phototropin, Phytochrome r and Phytochrome fr.
Red to Far Red light for example, regulates stem growth and straightening of the seedling shoots that are coming out of the ground.
Some studies also claim that red and far red light increases the rooting mass of tomatoes as well as the rooting percentage of grape plants.
On the other hand, blue and UV light regulate the germination and elongation of the plant as well as other physiological processes such as stomatal control and responses to environmental stress.
Finally, green light was thought not to be available to plants due to the lack of pigments that would absorb this light.
However, in 2004 it was found that green light can influence stomatal activity, stem elongation of young plants and leaf expansion.
These compounds are chemicals that plants produce as part of their biochemical processes and help them perform certain functions as well as protect themselves from different environmental factors.
– 21 October 1834), usually styled Lord Stanley from 1771 to 1776, was a British peer and politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
He held office as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1783 in the Fox–North coalition and between 1806 and 1807 in the Ministry of All the Talents.
Derby was returned to Parliament as one of two representatives for Lancashire in 1774, a seat he held until 1776, when he succeeded his grandfather in the earldom and entered the House of Lords.
He served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between April and December 1783 in the Fox-North Coalition headed by the Duke of Portland and was sworn into the Privy Council the same year.
He remained out of office for the next 23 years but was once again Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1806 and 1807 in the Ministry of All the Talents headed by Lord Grenville.
At a celebration after Bridget's win, a similar race for colts was proposed and Derby tossed a coin with Sir Charles Bunbury for the honour of naming the race.
Bunbury won the initial race in 1780 with his horse, Diomed; Derby himself won it in 1787 with Sir Peter Teazle.
In 1779, the countess moved out of Lord Derby's house, leaving their children behind, apparently expecting that her husband would agree to a divorce and that the Duke would then marry her.
About one year after she left his house, Lord Derby made it known that he had no intention of divorcing his wife; at the same time, he continued to deny her access to her children.
Historian Peter Thomson suggests that the third of the couple's children, Lady Elizabeth Henrietta, was the result of Lady Derby's affair with Dorset.
Carl Trumbull Hayden (October 2, 1877 – January 25, 1972) was an American politician and the first United States Senator to serve seven terms.
Serving as Arizona's first Representative for eight terms before entering the Senate, Hayden set the record for longest-serving member of the United States Congress more than a decade before his retirement from politics.
The longtime Dean of the United States Senate served as its president pro tempore and chairman of both its Rules and Administration and Appropriations committees.
Having earned a reputation as a reclamation expert early in his congressional career, Hayden consistently backed legislation dealing with public lands, mining, reclamation, and other projects affecting the Western United States.
Hayden was born to Charles Trumbull Hayden and Sallie Calvert Davis on October 2, 1877, in Hayden's Ferry, Arizona Territory (renamed Tempe in 1878).
Charles Hayden was a Connecticut-born merchant and freight operator who had moved west due to a lung ailment and homesteaded a claim on the south bank of the Salt River.
Charles Hayden had also served as a probate judge and, following Grover Cleveland's 1884 election, had been considered for the territorial governorship.
Following the birth of their son, Charles and Sallie Hayden had three daughters: Sarah (called Sallie), Anna, and Mary (called Mapes).
The Hayden family operated a variety of business interests including a ferry service, a gristmill, a general store, and agricultural interests.
While he was growing up, Hayden's family took several trips, including journeys to Washington, D.C., and the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.
To these, Hayden added several solo trips, including a horseback trip to the Grand Canyon and a trip to Mexico City when he was fourteen.
After his graduation from normal school in June 1896 he was enrolled at Stanford University where he studied economics, history, language, and philosophy with an interest in attending law school after graduation.
One semester from graduation, in December 1899, Hayden was forced to drop out of school when his father became ill. Charles Hayden died on February 5, 1900, leaving his son with responsibility for the family and control of the family business interests.
Hayden sold the mercantile business to pay off outstanding debts and then rented most of the family's properties to provide an income that allowed him to move his mother and sisters to Palo Alto, California, where his sisters could attend college.
In September 1900 he represented Tempe as a delegate at a county level convention and became chairman of the Maricopa County Democratic Central Committee in 1902.
Following passage of the National Reclamation Act of 1902 he was sent to Washington, D.C. by interests in Tempe to lobby for funding of the Salt River Project.
After one term as county treasurer, he chose to pursue the more lucrative office of sheriff—the position providing a travel budget and a percentage of collected fees.
The November 1906 election saw Hayden defeat his Republican and Prohibition party challengers by the largest margin of victory in any of the county races.
Based in Phoenix, which had grown to a population of 10,000 people, he performed duties such as maintaining order, collecting fees from saloons and gambling halls, transportation of prisoners to other parts of the territory, and enforcing local ordinances such as a Phoenix law requiring local Indians to wear pants instead of a breechcloth when visiting town.
During his time as sheriff, Hayden did not have to fire his firearm, although he did use an Apperson Jack Rabbit to pursue and capture two train robbers.
Due to his duties as sheriff along with his Arizona Territorial National Guard service, Hayden had become known to political leaders throughout the territory.
These acquaintances, combined with the influence of his father's good reputation, allowed Hayden a surprise win in the Democratic primary which was followed by his election to the United States House of Representatives.
He also began a practice of caravaning around the state with other members of his party, a pattern that continued until war-time rationing of the 1940s ended the custom.
He also kept a lookout for candidates with a potential to run against him, occasionally sending letters encouraging the rumored candidates to run.
Hayden gave the jail house keys to Deputy Jeff Adams and, with his wife, began the trip to Washington, D.C. the same day President William H. Taft signed the legislation granting Arizona statehood.
Bearing credentials from Territorial Governor Richard Elihu Sloan, Hayden was sworn into the 62nd United States Congress on February 19, 1912.
His goal while in Congress was to help his fledgling state develop its natural resources and infrastructure while growing the state's population.
Due to the federal government controlling the majority of the state's land, Hayden also wished to involve the federal government in this process.
With the 1913 start to his first full term, Hayden supported Woodrow Wilson's policies by voting for the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, Federal Reserve Act, Underwood Tariff Act, and creation of the Federal Trade Commission.
He sponsored the Grand Canyon National Park Act, and, in honor of his mother, he introduced a joint resolution calling for women's suffrage.
In 1914, Hayden secured an extension of repayment times for loans made under the National Reclamation Act of 1902 from ten to twenty years.
An additional change in the way that reclamation projects were funded came in 1922 with passage of Hayden's legislation authorizing revenues from sale of hydroelectric power to be credited to repayment of project debts.
Favoring local control of reclamation projects, in 1917 Hayden wrote legislation transferring financial obligations and operations of the Salt River Project from the Bureau of Reclamation to a local government entity.
Other early efforts by Hayden included sponsoring the creation of the Grand Canyon National Park and the 1919 legislation resulting in the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Beginning with an appropriation during his first term for the United States Army Corps of Engineers to perform a study accessing the feasibility of building a flood control dam, Hayden sought to bring a reclamation project to the Gila River.
Bill opponents claimed that Arizona had already received an overly large share of federal reclamation funds and the legislation was defeated.
Using the fact that the Pima Indians would be one of the primary beneficiaries of the project, Hayden switched tactics and, in 1916, began inserting a series of appropriations into the annual Indian Appropriations Act that paid for the construction of a diversion dam downstream of the planned reservoir.
Final passage of the San Carlos project came in 1924 when Senator Ralph H. Cameron, Arizona's sole Republican in the Republican-controlled 68th Congress, reintroduced the San Carlos bill.
Hayden voted for American entry into World War I and then successfully added an amendment to a military manpower bill that prohibited conscripted personnel from avoiding military service by buying their way out and requiring all draftees to remain in the military until the end of the war.
In the summer of 1917 Hayden proposed to President Wilson that the Industrial Workers of the World labor union be declared an outlaw organization so that vigilantes could take care of them.
As an officer in the Arizona National Guard prior to the war, Major Hayden volunteered to join his unit and served as commander of the 9th battalion, 166th Depot Brigade at Camp Lewis, Washington helping prepare his division for active duty.
While still in the House of Representatives, Hayden became involved in a decades-long dispute over water rights for the Colorado River.
California interests at the time wanted to construct a water storage dam along with an All-American Canal to allow irrigation of the Imperial Valley without routing the water through Mexico.
Apportionment of the river's waters was a contentious issue and Arizona refused to approve the Colorado River Compact designed to determine allocation of water to each of the states in Colorado's watershed.
As a result of this disagreement when Representative Phil Swing and Senator Hiram Johnson, both from California, introduced legislation authorizing the Boulder Canyon Project, Hayden became a leader of the opposition.
To this end, Hayden engaged in a variety of parliamentary procedures that prevented the Swing-Johnston bill reaching the House floor for a vote until after he had left the House of Representatives for the Senate.
During Hayden's first run for the Senate in 1926, he based his campaign on his record of defending Arizona's interests in the water rights dispute with California.
To this effort his campaign poster was composed of editorial headlines from California newspapers decrying Hayden's effectiveness at preventing passage of the Swing-Johnson Bill authorizing construction of Boulder Dam.
The campaign saw allegations of misconduct raised with incumbent Ralph H. Cameron claiming Hayden had used a slush fund received from out-of-state interests.
An inquiry led by Senator William H. King was begun several days before the election and found no evidence of wrongdoing.
As a result of his seat on the Appropriations Committee, much of Hayden's efforts in the Senate were shifted away from policy making functions and toward control, allocation, and oversight of the financial funds used to implement legislated policy.
Other committee assignments that would help shape his Senate career included Interior and Insular Affairs, Post Office and Post Roads, Rules and Administration, and the United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing.
Seeking time to gain terms more favorable to Arizona, he continued his opposition with the aid of two filibusters from Arizona's other Senator, Henry F. Ashurst, and was able to delay a vote of the full Senate on the measure until the end of the 70th Congress' first session.
When the Swing-Johnston bill came up for a vote on May 28, 1928 Hayden made his first speech from the floor of the Senate, a filibuster in which he spoke for nine hours during an all-night session before allowing Ashurst to take over for another twelve hours.
An amendment by Nevada Senator Key Pittman was added to the bill and set water allotments from the Colorado to per year to Nevada, per year to California and per year to Arizona with exclusive rights to all waters from the Gila River also going to Arizona.
The final bill also included authorization to pay both Arizona and Nevada an amount comparable to the tax revenues that would be generated if the dam had been built by private enterprise.
Following passage of the bill, Hayden switched his form of opposition by working to deny funds for the Boulder Canyon Project.
Votes against early payment of the World War I veterans' bonus and for prohibition, the Senate vote for repeal of prohibition not coming until 1933, caused him to lose support from his Depression-era constituents and he only won a plurality during the primary.
With President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932 election and the start of the New Deal, Hayden dropped opposition of the Boulder Canyon Project and began lobbying for additional irrigation and hydroelectric projects.
When demands for new projects during the 1930s drained the Reclamation Fund faster than repayments could replenish it, Hayden worked with Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney of Wyoming to secure new funding by allocating revenue from offshore oil reserves to the Reclamation Fund.
Due to Hayden's seat on the Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, he worked on a number of legislative initiatives promoting highway transportation.
The first piece of legislation came in 1933 with US$400 million in federal matching funds targeted at highway construction included in the National Industrial Recovery Act.
It also allowed federal funds to be used for roads in urban areas, instead of just rural routes, and created disincentives to prevent states from diverting highway funds to other projects.
In addition to road construction, Hayden also had an interest in promoting highway safety, joining with first-term Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman in 1939 to propose legislation cutting federal funds by a third for states that failed to enact licensing requirements along with other portions of the Uniform Vehicle Code.
In addition to his support of reclamation and highway projects, Hayden was also involved in other efforts to promote economic growth during the Great Depression.
A proposal made in 1932 would have allowed repayment of war debts to the United States to be made in silver at a discounted rate.
The plan was intended to raise the price of silver, increasing the value of US silver holdings and silver coinage worldwide.
He lobbied a variety of Arizona groups to make land available and touting the favorable year-round flying weather, he assisted with the creation of a number of military bases throughout his home state, including the Luke and Williams training bases.
An Army Desert Training Center built in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California was also used by American troops preparing for the North African campaign.
As the United States prepared for possible war, Hayden in August 1940 advocated the use of volunteers instead of conscription to obtain needed manpower.
He also introduced amendments prohibiting payment of money to avoid military service, draftees procuring substitutes, and securing of enlistments by the paying of bounties.
Following a 1944 treaty with Mexico granting the nation per year of Colorado River water, Hayden began direct efforts to bring water from the river to Phoenix, Tucson, and the irrigable Arizona farmlands between the cities.
Unsuccessful in their first attempt, they reintroduced the legislation in 1947 where it passed the Senate but was defeated in the House by opposition from the California delegation.
Due to the declining health of Kenneth McKellar, Hayden periodically served as acting chairman of the Appropriations committee during the 1940s and the 1950s.
This activity included a significant amount of behind the scenes work with the committee's ranking Republican, Senator Styles Bridges, and enhanced Hayden's reputation for operating in Senate cloakrooms.
Hayden and McFarland reintroduced their previous legislation in 1951 but it was again defeated in the House, this time due to concerns that full appropriation of Colorado waters had not occurred.
The legislative setback prompted Arizona to file suit in the United States Supreme Court seeking adjudication of the water rights issue.
In other reclamation efforts Hayden cosponsored the Colorado River Storage Act of 1956, authorizing construction of the Glen Canyon Dam and three other water storage dams.
The stable political environment in Arizona that Hayden had enjoyed during most of his career began to change by the 1950s.
Following World War II, large numbers of Midwestern expatriates moved to Arizona and bolstered the growth of the Republican Party within the state.
As a result, during the 1956 election Hayden's campaign produced a number of television and radio appearances designed to inform voters of the Senator's accomplishments and dispel rumors of failing health and senility.
In 1956, Hayden was involved in a legal dispute when a United States district court judge issued a restraining order blocking the publication of a Senate pamphlet.
At the beginning of the 84th Congress, Hayden gave up his chairmanship of the Senate Rules Committee in order to become chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee.
Hayden also set several records for length of service, breaking Adolph Sabath's record for continuous service in Congress on October 21, 1957 and Joseph G. Cannon's record for total length of service in Congress on February 19, 1958.
During 1962, Hayden came to national attention due to a dispute over procedural issues between the Senate Appropriations Committee and House Appropriations Committee.
Billed in the press as a feud between two octogenarian chairmen, Hayden and Representative Clarence Cannon, the dispute began over the issue of where conference committees to resolve appropriation issues would meet.
The Constitution required that all appropriations bills must originate in the House while long-standing tradition of the time held that conference committee meetings occurred on the Senate side of the United States Capitol with a senator chairing the committee.
The dispute began in January 1962 when members of the House appropriations committee passed a resolution calling for the meeting location of the conference committee to be evenly split between the House and Senate side of the Capitol building.
In response to this, the Senate appropriations committee passed a resolution calling for half of all appropriations bills to originate in the Senate.
By April, Hayden had arranged for a meeting room located midway between the two chambers but House members refused to discuss the issue face-to-face until July, when US$55 billion in unapproved appropriations threatened to force a government shutdown.
To aid his re-election, campaign staff arranged for a series of events to celebrate Hayden's fiftieth anniversary in Congress and raise awareness of his achievements.
A series of viral infections suffered by the senator over the course of the year prompted rumors that the 85-year-old senator had died.
Despite a growing Republican trend in Arizona, Hayden's Republican challenger, state representative and future governor Evan Mecham, only got lukewarm support from the state party.
Ultimately, Hayden won a record seventh term, but only tallied 54.9 percent of the vote—easily the closest race of his Senate career, and his closest since his first bid for a full term in the House half a century earlier.
The first occurrence came on November 16, 1961, with the death of House Speaker Sam Rayburn when Hayden followed Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and lasted until a new Vice President was confirmed.
The second occurrence began with the November 22, 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy and continued until Hubert Humphrey became Vice President on January 20, 1965.
As in the bill's previous efforts, Hayden's influence was able to secure passage of the legislation in the Senate while passage in the House proved difficult.
In response to the delays, Hayden waited until Aspinall returned home for vacation and then added his proposed bill as a rider to pork barrel bill containing patronage for a large number of Congressmen.
Hayden kept a considerably lower national profile than conventional wisdom would suggest for someone who spent more than half a century in Washington, including 42 years in the Senate.
This came in part due to a conversation he had with Maryland Congressman Fred Talbott soon after he arrived in Washington in 1912.
When a house is built there is a moment for the foundation, another for the walls, the roof and so on.
Following his retirement from Congress, Hayden returned to Tempe and set up an office in Arizona State University's Charles Trumbull Hayden library.
In addition to organizing the papers he collected during his career, he also wrote a biography of his father and worked on a project documenting the lives of Arizona's pioneers.
This was followed by the Maricopa County Democratic Committee lobbying for Glen Canyon Dam to be named Hayden Dam, a move that Hayden personally opposed.
Naming efforts even continued after Hayden's death with the US Department of Agriculture's Carl Hayden Bee Research Center being named in 1978 followed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center in 1987.
A bust of Hayden was added to the Senate sculpture collection and placed in the Russell Senate Office Building in 1986.
Charles Bathurst PC (1754 – 13 August 1831), known as Charles Bragge from 1754 to 1804, was a British politician of the early 19th century.
Born Charles Bragge, Bathurst was the son of Charles Bragge, of Cleve Hill in Gloucestershire, and his wife Anne Bathurst, the granddaughter of Sir Benjamin Bathurst, younger brother of Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst.
He was educated at Winchester School and New College, Oxford and studied law at Lincoln's Inn in 1772, being called to the bar in 1778.
In 1804 he assumed by Royal licence the surname of Bathurst in lieu of Bragge when he inherited Lydney Park in Gloucestershire from his maternal uncle.
Bathurst sat as a member of parliament (MP) for Monmouth from 1790 to 1796, for Bristol from 1796 to 1812, for Bodmin from 1812 to 1818 and for Harwich from 1818 to 1823.
He was invested a member of the Privy Council in 1801 and held office under Henry Addington as Treasurer of the Navy from 1801 to 1803 and as Secretary at War from 1803 to 1804.
He also served under the Duke of Portland as Master of the Mint (1806–07) and under Lord Liverpool as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1812–23) and President of the Board of Control (1821–22).
He was succeeded in turn by their eldest son Charles and their younger son, Reverend William Hiley Bathurst who became the grandfather of Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe.
In November 1983, a Kalamazoo, Michigan-based group called Soccer Leagues Unlimited unveiled a plan for an indoor league composed exclusively of American players.
The group's president, Bob Lemieux (later AISA commissioner), announced that Kalamazoo, Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Springfield, Illinois, were on board in what was he said was intended to be a sort of farm system, or developmental league, for the well established Major Indoor Soccer League.
He added that groups in Indianapolis, Peoria, and Michigan cities, Saginaw and Flint; Kentucky cities, Lexington and Louisville; Ohio cities, Columbus Toledo and Dayton; Erie, PA; and Green Bay, Wisconsin, were all interested in joining the league.
Officially starting on April 18, 1984, the American Indoor Soccer Association's charter franchises were Chicago, Milwaukee, Kalamazoo and Fort Wayne; however, a Fort Wayne team did not materialize until the league's third season.
Over its 17 seasons, a total of 30 franchises in 32 cities were part of the league at one time or another.
During the summer of 2001, the league disbanded and the six surviving teams formed the second incarnation of the Major Indoor Soccer League.
When the league began in 1984, game rules were almost identical compared to the larger and more popular Major Indoor Soccer League.
Basically, all non-power play goals scored from inside the yellow line were worth 2 points while non-powerplay goals from outside the yellow line (50 feet from the goal line) were worth 3 points.
On Monday, December 1, 1958, a fire broke out at Our Lady of the Angels School in Chicago, Illinois, shortly before classes were to be dismissed for the day.
A total of 92 pupils and 3 nuns ultimately died when smoke, heat, fire, and toxic gases cut off their normal means of egress through corridors and stairways.
Many more were injured when they jumped from second-floor windows which, because the building had a raised basement, were nearly as high as a third floor would be on level ground (c. 25 ft.).
The neighborhood had originally been heavily Irish-American, but gradually developed in the first half of the twentieth century into a largely Italian-American middle-class community.
The area was also home to several other first, second, and third-generation immigrant groups, including Polish Americans, German Americans, and Slavic Americans.
The Hamlin Avenue buildings were not involved in the fire, and aside from some minor smoke inhalation problems (no deaths or serious injuries), neither were the first floor of the north wing, the entire south wing, or the annex.
A south wing also dating from 1939 was built and was connected in 1951 by an annex to the north wing.
Due to a grandfather clause that did not require schools to retrofit to a new standard if they already met previous regulations, the school legally complied with the State of Illinois and City of Chicago fire codes of 1958 and was generally clean and well-maintained; nonetheless, several fire hazards existed.
Each classroom door had a glass transom above it, which provided ventilation into the corridor but also permitted flames and smoke to enter once heat broke the glass.
The building had no automatic fire alarm, no rate-of-rise heat detectors, no direct alarm connection to the fire department, no fire-resistant stairwells, and no heavy-duty fire doors from the stairwells to the second-floor corridor.
At the time, fire sprinklers were primarily found in factories or in new school construction, and modern smoke detectors did not become commercially available until 1969.
In keeping with city fire codes, the building had a brick exterior to prevent fires from spreading from building to building as in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.
There were four fire extinguishers in the north wing, each mounted off the floor, out of reach for many adults and all of the children.
The single fire escape was near one end of the north wing, but to reach it required passing through the main corridor, which in this case rapidly became filled with suffocating smoke and superheated gases.
There were no limits to the number of students in a single classroom, and because of the post-World War II baby boom this number sometimes reached as many as 64 students.
The school did not have a fire alarm box outside on the sidewalk, the nearest one being a block and a half away.
With its ceilings and a basement that extended partially above ground level, the school's second-floor windows were above the ground, making jumping from them extremely risky, exacerbated by the fact that the grade surface under all windows was concrete or crushed rock.
Classes were due to be dismissed at 3:00 p.m. Ignition took place in a cardboard trash barrel located a few feet from the northeast stairwell.
The fire smoldered undetected for approximately 20 minutes, gradually heating the stairwell and filling it with a light grey smoke that later would become thick and black, as other combustibles became involved.
At the same time, it began sending superheated air and gases into an open pipe chase very near the source of the fire.
At approximately 2:25 p.m., three eighth-grade girls, Janet Delaria, Frances Guzaldo, and Karen Hobik, returning from an errand, came up a different staircase to return to their second-floor classroom in the north wing (only Delaria would survive the fire).
When she opened the front door of the classroom moments later to enter the hallway, the intensity of the smoke caused O'Neill to deem it too dangerous to attempt escape down the stairs leading to Avers Avenue on the west side of the building.
About this same time, a window at the foot of the stairwell shattered due to the intense heat, giving the smoldering fire a new oxygen supply.
The wooden staircase burst into flames and, acting like a chimney, sent hot gases, fire, and very thick, black smoke swirling up the stairwell.
At approximately the same time, the school janitor, James Raymond, saw a red glow through a window while walking by the building.
After instructing two boys who were emptying trash baskets in the boiler room to leave the area, Raymond rushed to the rectory and asked the housekeeper to call the fire department.
The two boys meanwhile returned to their class and warned their lay teacher, which prompted her and another teacher to lead their students out of classrooms in the annex area of the second floor.
The teachers had looked in vain for the school principal before deciding to act on their own to vacate the school.
Several minutes later, after leaving her students in the church, she returned to the school and attempted to activate the alarm again.
By this time, however, the students and teachers in the north wing classrooms on the second floor were essentially trapped, whether they knew about the fire or not.
Despite Raymond's visit to the rectory soon after 2:30 p.m. to spread the alert, there was an unexplained delay before the first telephone call from the rectory reached the fire department at 2:42 p.m. One minute later, a second telephone call was received from Barbara Glowacki, the owner of a candy store on the alley along the north wing.
Glowacki had noticed flames in the northeast stairwell after a passing motorist, Elmer Barkhaus, entered her store and asked if a public telephone was available to call the fire department.
The first-floor landing was equipped with a heavy wooden door, which effectively blocked the fire and heat from entering the first floor hallways.
As a result, there was no barrier to prevent the spread of fire, smoke, and heat through the second floor hallways.
The western stairwell landing on the second floor had two substandard corridor doors with glass panes propped open (possibly by a teacher) at the time of the fire.
Two other doors were chained open when they should have been closed; these doors were at the first and second floor levels leading into the annex.
As the fire consumed the northeast stairway, a pipe chase running from the basement to the cockloft above the second floor false ceiling had been feeding superheated gases for some minutes on a direct route to the attic.
If it had, it would have opened a hole that would have served to vent much of the smoke and gasses.
The fire then swept down through the hallway ceiling's ventilation grates into the second floor corridor as it flashed through the cockloft above the classrooms.
Glass transom windows above the doors of each classroom broke as the heat intensified, allowing superheated gasses and thick black smoke in the hallway to enter the classrooms.
For 329 children and five teaching nuns, the only remaining means of escape was to jump from their second floor windows to the concrete or crushed rock below, or to wait for the fire department to rescue them.
Recognizing the trap they were in, some of the nuns encouraged the children to sit at their desks or gather in a semicircle and pray.
One nun, Sister Mary Davidis Devine, ordered her students in room 209 to place books and furniture in front of her classroom doors, and this helped to slow the entry of smoke and flames until rescuers arrived.
Out of the 55 students in the room, eight escaped with injuries, and two died; Beverly Burda, the last student remaining in the room, evidently passed out from smoke inhalation and died when the roof collapsed.
Fire department units arrived within four minutes of being called, but by then the fire had been burning unchecked for possibly as long as 40 minutes and was fully out of control.
The fire department was initially hampered because they had been incorrectly directed to the rectory address around the corner at 3808 W. Iowa Street.
In 1959, the National Fire Protection Association’s report on the blaze exonerated the rapid response of the Chicago Fire Department and its initial priority to rescue pupils rather than merely fight the flames.
The south windows of the north wing overlooked a small courtyard surrounded by the school on three sides, and a high iron picket fence on the fourth side facing Avers Avenue.
They spent two minutes battering the gate with sledgehammers and a ladder before they managed to smash it by backing a fire truck into it.
Some younger students who managed to secure a spot at a window were then unable to climb over the high window sills, or were pulled back by others frantically trying to scramble out.
The temperature continued to increase until a flashover occurred in the hallway and several of the classrooms at approximately 2:55 p.m. Firemen struggled desperately to pull students and nuns from windows as those classrooms partially filled with screaming children exploded.
Shortly after the flashover, a wide portion of the school's roof collapsed over rooms 208, 209, and part of 210, and the massive downward rush of heat likely killed several other students and their teachers in rooms 208 and 210 instantly (Room 209 lost only one child, Beverly Burda, in the room itself, and she had been overcome by smoke inhalation before the roof collapsed).
One of the priests, Father Joseph Ognibene and Sam Tortorice, a parent of one of the students were able to rescue most of the students in room 209 by passing them through a courtyard window on the second floor into the annex.
Janitor James Raymond, though badly injured himself from a deep glass cut on his arm, worked in tandem with Father Charles Hund to open a locked emergency door leading to a fire escape outside room 207.
In room 212 which was located at the opposite end of the hallway from the source of the fire, flames did not actually invade the room, but the toxic smoke and heated gasses penetrated here as much as in any other second floor room, and just over half of the 55 students inside and their teacher, Sister Mary Clare Therese Champagne, succumbed to asphyxiation.
Glowacki took injured children into her candy store beside the school to escape the winter chill while they awaited medical attention.
Neighbors and parents raced into the school to rescue students on the lower floor or erect ladders outside that proved to be too short for the second floor.
This number grew in the late afternoon as news of the disaster spread and bodies of victims were slowly removed by firemen.
It was first hoped that fatalities might be relatively low, under the mistaken belief that the fire alarm had been sounded early enough.
Between the delayed discovery and reporting of the blaze and the misdirection of the response units to the wrong address, the firemen arrived too late.
In room 212, none of the dead had been burned; the children who perished, as well as their teacher, all died of smoke inhalation.
In 1962, a boy who was a student at Our Lady of the Angels at the time of the fire, confessed to setting the blaze.
The report noted that both the Chicago School Board and the Archdiocese of Chicago continued to allow some schools to be legally operated despite having inadequate fire safety standards.
Although Our Lady of the Angels School had passed a routine fire department safety inspection weeks before the disaster, the school was not legally bound to comply with all 1958 fire safety codes due to a grandfather clause in the 1949 standards.
Existing older schools, such as Our Lady of the Angels, were not required to retrofit the safety devices that were required by code in all schools built after 1949.
All of the deceased (92 children and three nuns) lived in Chicago and occupied classrooms on the second floor of the north wing.
All of those who perished on the day of the fire died when smoke, heat, fire, and toxic gases cut off their means of escape through corridors and stairways.
Room 208, a room located in the northeast corner of the north wing housing Sister Mary St. Canice Lyng's 7th Grade Class, had twelve student deaths out of forty-seven students.
Of them, the ladder placed by Mario Camerini, a janitor, successfully reached Room 208's windows and allowed several students, including all of the remaining boys, to escape.
Of all of the students, one, Beverly Burda, died in the classroom, while a second, Valerie Thoma, died in a hospital three months later.
The survivors credit Devine's decision to stack books at the door to slow entry of the smoke and an awning that provided an easier jump for their survival.
Sam Tortorice, a parent of Room 209 student Rose Tortorice, climbed on the awning to assist the escapes of the Room 209 students.
By the time Devine and the rescue crews noticed Burda lying in the classroom, conditions made her rescue impossible, and she was killed when the roof collapsed.
Room 210, housing Sister Mary Seraphica Kelley's 4th grade class, had 28 student deaths out of the 57 students inside at the time of the fire.
The smaller and weaker bodies of the fourth graders contributed to the high death toll, as many of the children were unable to scale the window ledge.
Upon discovery of the fire, the flames forced the boys away from the door, preventing closure of the door and allowing the fire to attack the children.
Room 211, housing Sister Mary Helaine O'Neill's 8th grade class, had 24 deaths out of the 48 students inside at the time of the fire.
Normally 63 students occupied the room; at the time, 13 boys helped with a clothing drive at the church and 2 male students stayed home that day due to illness.
Life Magazine's picture of a firefighter carrying the body of ten-year-old John Jajkowski, who died in Room 212, became world-famous and was later used as a fire-prevention poster.
A Requiem Mass was offered in Our Lady of the Angels Church after more than 2,000 parishioners paid their respects to the deceased teachers as the closed caskets lay in repose in the convent.
More than 100 nuns from the order of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary attended from across Illinois as well as from their Motherhouse in Dubuque, Iowa.
The three teachers were interred side by side in a grave next to other nuns of their religious order at the Mount Carmel Cemetery in suburban Hillside, Illinois.
For 27 of the young victims whose families accepted the offer to participate in it, a Solemn Requiem Mass and funeral service took place at the Illinois National Guard Armory abutting Humboldt Park, as the parish church was not large enough to accommodate the huge crowd.
Some of the students were buried in other cemeteries: 18 in St. Joseph Cemetery, 18 in St. Adalbert Cemetery, 12 in Mount Carmel Cemetery, 1 in St. Nicholas Cemetery, and 1 in Norway Cemetery in Norway, Michigan.
The first page of the article featured an image of firefighter Richard Scheidt carrying the body of 10-year-old John Michael Jajkowski, Jr. from the building.
Jajkowski, an accomplished musician, played the accordion and served as a church choir member, and had expressed a desire to become a priest.
Steve Lasker took the photograph of Scheidt and John as the fire department was beginning to achieve control over the fire.
The National Fire Protection Association estimated that about 68% of all U.S. communities inaugurated and completed fire safety improvements after the Our Lady of the Angels fire, one of which being an increased number of law-mandated fire drills throughout the academic year.
The City Council of Chicago passed a law requiring that a fire alarm box be installed in front of schools and other public assembly venues.
However, nine months later, in September 1959, Fire Commissioner Quinn, when interviewed by WNBQ reporter Len O'Connor, admitted that although 400 of the 1040 schools in Chicago at that time had been deemed in critical need of sprinkler systems, only two had actually had sprinklers installed.
OLA students attended classes that were taught by their own teachers in nearby public school facilities, including John Hay School, Rezin Orr School, Ryerson Elementary and Cameron Elementary until the new Our Lady of the Angels School was finished in time for the school year beginning in September 1960.
The ruins of the school were dismantled in 1959 and a new Our Lady of the Angels School, located at 3814 West Iowa Street, was constructed in compliance with the latest required fire safety standards, such as installing a sprinkler system.
As a result of a steady decline in enrollment during the 1990s, the Archdiocese of Chicago closed the school after the class of 1999 graduated.
The archdiocese had previously closed the other buildings of the parish in 1990 and merged OLA with the parish of St. Francis of Assisi.
The building now houses the Galapagos Charter School; the Mission of Our Lady of Angels church next door remains in operation.
The filmmakers stated that the school in the film is not supposed to be OLA, but most of the details are identical, down to the iconic image of the dead student being carried out by the fireman.
This film was produced in 1959 during fire tests being made at Robert Louis Stevenson Junior High School located at 725 S. Indiana St. in East Los Angeles.
The building (built in 1926) was scheduled for demolition due to seismic concerns, so the LAFD used a three-story section for the tests.
The story is centered around a small group of survivors of the fire and how the tragedy affected their lives until present day.
One of the students who survived the fire was 8-year-old third grader Jonathan Friga, who would go on to fame as Jonathan Cain, keyboard and rhythm guitar player for the rock band Journey.
Voskhod () is the name of several types of motorcycles produced at the Degtyarev plant in the Russian town of Kovrov since 1965.
Uskhal Khan or the Emperor Yizong of Northern Yuan (北元益宗), born Tögüs Temür (r. 1378–1388), was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
During the funeral of the late king, the Ming court sent an embassy to participate in it and released the Mongol prince, Maidarbal, who had been captured at the battle of Yingchang in 1378.
Hongwu Emperor decided to exterminate Naghachu's force in Manchuria in 1387 and two sides suffered heavier losses at a battle near Changchung city.
In his escape to Karakorum, he was suddenly attacked and defeated on the Tuul River by Yesüder, a descendant of Ariq Böke, who allied with the Oirats.
Arbuthnot was son of John Arbuthnot, FRS of Rockfleet and brother of bishop Alexander Arbuthnot, General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot and General Sir Robert Arbuthnot.
He was born in Rockfleet, County Mayo, Ireland, but much of his upbringing was with his mother's relations, the Stone family.
Arbuthnot sat as Member of Parliament for East Looe between 1795 and 1796, for Eye between 1809 and 1812, for Orford between 1812 and 1818, for St Germans between 1818 and 1827, for St Ives between 1828 and 1830 and for Ashburton between 1830 and 1831.
Arbuthnot also held a number of diplomatic postings, notably as consul general in Portugal between 1800 and 1801, as Minister to Sweden.
His first wife was born on 9 July 1774, and had been Lady-in-Waiting since 1795 to Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales.
The couple's four children included General Charles George James Arbuthnot and Marcia Arbuthnot, who later married William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley.
After being widowed, Arbuthnot married a second time on 31 January 1814 at Fulbeck, Lincolnshire, to Harriet Fane (1793–1834), a daughter of the Hon.
During her marriage to Arbuthnot, she became a hostess at society dinners given by Arbuthnot's good friend, the Duke of Wellington.
During the latter years of Arbuthnot's life, after the death of Harriet, he lived in Apsley House, the Duke's London residence, as his confidential friend.
Kovrov () is a city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka).
Kovrov's population as of the 2010 Census was 145,214; down from 155,499 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from 159,942 recorded in the 1989 Census).
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kovrov serves as the administrative center of Kovrovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the City of Kovrov—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
Kovrov is a major center of Russia's defense industry, specializing in mechanical engineering, metal processing, textile and light industry, and building industry.
Located on the Moscow–Nizhny Novgorod rail line—one of Russia's oldest railroads and one of the alternative routes of the Trans-Siberian Railway—Kovrov is also connected to Murom (which is served by the Moscow–Kazan rail line) by the Murom Railway.
The Klyazma River () is a river in the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo and Vladimir Oblasts in Russia, a left tributary of the Oka River.
The Klyazma River usually freezes up in November and stays under the ice until mid-April, although in faster moving stretches ice-free water occurs until the air temperature drops below .
The cities of Gorokhovets, Mendeleyevo, Pavlovsky Posad, Vladimir, Kovrov, Shchyolkovo, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Sobinka and Vyazniki are located on the shores of the Klyazma River.
Under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it operates at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, which is part of the Center for Astrophysics along with the Harvard College Observatory.
A key function of the MPC is helping observers coordinate follow up observations of possible Near Earth Objects (NEOs) via its NEO web form and blog.
Upon Herget's retirement on June 30, 1978, the MPC was moved to the SAO, under the direction of Brian G. Marsden.
These publications are the Minor Planet Circulars (MPCs), the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars (MPECs), and the Minor Planet Supplements (MPSs and MPOs).
The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was a body under the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) tasked with overseeing the outcomes of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development/Earth Summit.
It was replaced in 2013 by the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, which meets both under the General Assembly every four years and the ECOSOC in other years.
The CSD was established in December 1992 by General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/191 as a functional commission of the UN Economic and Social Council, implementing a recommendation in Chapter 38 of Agenda 21, the landmark global agreement reached at the June 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development/Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In its Fifth Session, the principal focus of the CSD was to prepare for the Five-Year Review of the 1992 Earth Summit, which took the form of the 19th Special Session of the General Assembly, held at UN Headquarters in New York.
For its Tenth Session the CSD served as the Preparatory Committee for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in December 2002.
The Twelfth Session of the CSD is the first substantive session since the Johannesburg Summit - CSD-11 was an organizational session that focused on establishing priorities and an agenda for the second ten-year cycle of the commission.
The 18th session took place in New York in May 2010, focusing on transport, chemicals, waste management, mining, and the ten-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production patterns (SCP).
CSD 20 was suspended from its normal rotation, planned in 2012 because the General Assembly had resolved to hold the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio as the 20th anniversary to the original conference.
Member states decided in resolution 67/203 of 21 December 2012 that the CSD would have its last session immediately prior to the convening of the first meeting of the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in order to ensure a smooth institutional transition.
The poem was written in 1919 in the aftermath of the First World War and the beginning of the Irish War of Independence that followed the Easter Rising, at a time before the British Government decided to send in the Black and Tans to Ireland.
Phrases and lines from the poem are used in many works, in a variety of media, such as literature, motion pictures, television and music.
A 2016 analysis by research company Factiva showed that lines from the poem were quoted more often in the first seven months of 2016 than in any of the preceding 30 years.
The PCL is an intracapsular ligament along with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) because it lies deep within the knee joint.
The PCL is located within the knee joint where it stabilizes the articulating bones, particularly the femur and the tibia, during movement.
It originates from the lateral edge of the medial femoral condyle and the roof of the intercondyle notch then stretches, at a posterior and lateral angle, toward the posterior of the tibia just below its articular surface.
Although each PCL is a unified unit, they are described as separate anterolateral and posteromedial sections based off where each section's attachment site and function.
During knee joint movement, the PCL rotates such that the anterolateral section stretches in knee flexion but not in knee extension and the posteromedial bundle stretches in extension rather than flexion.
The function of the PCL is to prevent the femur from sliding off the anterior edge of the tibia and to prevent the tibia from displacing posterior to the femur.
Common causes of injuries are direct blows to the flexed knee, such as the knee hitting the dashboard in a car accident or falling hard on the knee, both instances displacing the tibia posterior to the femur.
Rather, the person lies supine with the leg held by another person so that the hip is flexed to 90 degrees and the knee 90 degrees.
Patients who are suspected to have a posterior cruciate ligament injury should always be evaluated for other knee injuries that often occur in combination with an PCL injuries.
In this position, the PCL functions to prevent movement of the tibia in the posterior direction and to prevent the tilting or shifting of the patella.
However, the respective laxity of the two sections makes the PCL susceptible to injury during hyperflexion, hyperextension, and in a mechanism known as a dashboard injury.
In the third and most common mechanism, the dashboard injury mechanism, the knee experiences impact in a posterior direction during knee flexion toward the space above the tibia.
These mechanisms occur in excessive external tibial rotation and during falls that induce a combination of extension and adduction of the tibia, which is referred to as varus-extension stress, or that occur while the knee is flexed.
Treatment is usually physiotherapy to strengthen the muscles around the knee; usually they provide adequate stability even without a functional PCL.
Only if there are ongoing symptoms down the track, or if there are other injuries in the knee (eg posterolateral corner injury) will ligament reconstruction be required.
Ligament reconstruction is used to replace the torn PCL with a new ligament, which is usually a graft taken from the hamstring or Achilles tendon from a host cadaver.
An arthroscope allows a complete evaluation of the entire knee joint, including the knee cap (patella), the cartilage surfaces, the meniscus, the ligaments (ACL & PCL), and the joint lining.
Then, the new ligament is attached to the bone of the thigh and lower leg with screws to hold it in place.
It is possible for the PCL to heal on its own without surgery when it is a Grade I or Grade II injury.
Fernandez and Pugh(2012) found that following a PCL grade II diagnosis, a multimodal treatment that spanned the course of 8 weeks consisting of chiropractic lumbopelvic manipulation, physiotherapy, and implementing an exercise program that emphasized eccentric muscle contraction (lunges, 1-leg squats, and trunk stabilization proved to be an effective way to recover from the PCL injury.
In the quadruped stifle (analogous to the human knee), based on its anatomical position, it is referred to as the caudal cruciate ligament.
A credenza desk (often simply, credenza) is a modern desk form usually placed next to a wall as a secondary work surface to that of another desk, such as a pedestal desk, in a typical executive office.
When used as an active work surface, the credenza desk is often placed against the wall immediately behind or perpendicular to the main desk, but close enough that the user can reach it from the seated position at the main desk by simply swivelling and wheeling their office chair over to it.
When its planned use is to be less frequent, such as holding books or files which are not regularly referenced, or to act as an extra surface to help facilitate larger meetings, credenza desks are often placed on a wall in some other location of the office, such as adjacent to a conference table if one is present.
The credenza desk is sometimes flat, like a pedestal desk, but more often than not it has a stack of shelves, small drawers and other nooks above its main working surface.
The credenza desk is often used as a computer desk, thus leaving the possibility of keeping the surface of the main desk completely free, when this is required.
The credenza desk is comparable in form to but differs from the armoire desk in that it is seen for the most part in large office buildings (instead of home offices, like the armoire desk) and most of its storage spaces are wide open.
Credenza desks are often, but not always, part of a matching set that can include pieces such as a primary desk, a conference table, a cabinet for a whiteboard, a bookshelf, filing cabinets, chairs, or other items of furniture which are likely to be found in an office environment.
Ammonite is the extinct Canaanite language of the Ammonite people mentioned in the Bible, who used to live in modern-day Jordan, and after whom its capital Amman is named.
Only fragments of their language survive - chiefly the 9th century BC Amman Citadel Inscription, the 7th-6th century BC Tell Siran bronze bottle, and a few ostraca.
Subsequently, a number of inscriptions previously identified as Hebrew, Phoenician, or Aramaic were reclassified, as a result of consensus around the similarity of the Amman Theatre Inscription, Amman Citadel Inscription, Tell Siren Bottle, Heshbon Ostraca, and Tell el-Mazer Ostraca.
Going in a circle around the table, each player has the option to spend a coin to establish a tenet, or to pass.
Tenets can be challenged using the rules, but it's more common for players to simply negotiate an amicable settlement when there's a disagreement about a proposed tenet.
Players bid coins for the privilege of establishing a new scene—the high bidder wins, and gets to set the location and time, and introduce characters or items into the scene.
Spending coins establishes new Facts in the game, which can be drawn on by the other players, and used in resolving Complications.
When a player wishes to establish a Fact and another wants to oppose it, a Challenge results if the two players cannot come to an agreement.
Established Facts can be drawn on in the Challenge, and all players have the chance to weigh in with their coins.
When everyone has spent the coins and called on the Facts that they wish to, a die roll is then used to resolve the challenge (with the dice rolled depending on how many Facts and Coins each side has).
Vasily Alekseyevich Degtyaryov (; January 2, 1880, Tula – January 16, 1949, Moscow) was a Russian engineer who specialised in weapons design.
Degtyaryov was the Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1940), and Hero of Socialist Labor (1940; he received the second such award in its history just two weeks after Joseph Stalin himself).
On October 17, 1954, a monument : was erected in Kovrov for Degtyaryov, and a bust and several plaques were installed on the territory of the weapons factory bearing his name.
In addition, a technical school, a secondary school, a kindergarten, a recreation park, the House of Culture of Metal Workers and the former Komsomolskaya Street were named after him in Kovrov .
In many cities of the former USSR (Kharkiv, Novosibirsk, Lomonosov, Saint Petersburg) there are streets that perpetuate the memory of the gunsmith Degtyaryov in his name.
November 6, 1979, as it was the 100th anniversary of the designer, the USSR Ministry of Communication issued a postal envelope with his image.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of a pair of cruciate ligaments (the other being the posterior cruciate ligament) in the human knee.
In the quadruped stifle joint (analogous to the knee), based on its anatomical position, it is also referred to as the cranial cruciate ligament.
The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four main ligaments of the knee, providing 85% of the restraining force to anterior tibial displacement at 30 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion.
There are two bundles of the ACL: the anteromedial and the posterolateral, named according to where the bundles insert into the tibial plateau.
The ACL attaches in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia, where it blends with the anterior horn of the medial meniscus.
The purpose of the ACL is to resist the motions of anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation; this is important in order to have rotational stability.
The ACL has been proven to have mechanoreceptors that detect changes in direction of movement, position of the knee joint, changes in acceleration, speed, and tension.
For athletes who participate in sports involving cutting, jumping, and rapid deceleration it is important for the knee to be stable in terminal extension, which is the screw-home mechanism.
Most ACL tears are a result of a non-contact mechanism such as a sudden change in a direction causing the knee to rotate inward.
As the knee rotates inward additional strain is placed on the ACL, since the femur and tibia, which are the two bones that articulate together forming the knee joint, move in opposite directions causing the ACL to tear.
Most athletes will require reconstructive surgery on the ACL, in which the torn or ruptured ACL is completely removed and replaced with a piece of tendon or ligament tissue from the patient (autograft) or from a donor (allograft).
Conservative treatment has poor outcomes in ACL injury since the ACL is unable to form a fibrous clot as it receives most of its nutrients from the synovial fluid which washes away the reparative cells making it difficult for new fibrous tissue to form.
The patellar ligament is often used, since bone plugs on each end of the graft are extracted which helps integrate the graft into the bone tunnels, during reconstruction.
In the event of an allograft, in which material is donated, this is not necessary since no tissue is taken directly from the patient's own body.
The surgeon will drill a hole forming the tibial bone tunnel and femoral bone tunnel, allowing for the patient's new ACL graft to be guided through.
A week or so after the occurrence of the injury, the athlete is usually deceived by the fact that he/she is walking normally and not feeling much pain.
This is dangerous as some athletes start resuming some of their activities such as jogging which, with a wrong move or twist, could damage the bones as the graft has not completely become integrated into the bone tunnels.
It is important for the injured athlete to understand the significance of each step of an ACL injury to avoid complications and ensure a proper recovery.
ACL reconstruction is the most common treatment for an ACL tear, however it is not the only treatment available for individuals.
Both individuals who are going to continue with physical activity that involves cutting and pivoting, and individuals who are no longer participating in those specific activities are candidates for the non-operative route.
A study was completed comparing operative and non-operative approaches to ACL tears and there were few differences noted by both surgical and nonsurgical groups.
The main goals to achieve during rehabilitation of an ACL tear is to regain sufficient functional stability, maximize full muscle strength, and decrease risk of re-injury.
During the acute phase, the rehab is focusing on the acute symptoms that occur right after the injury and is causing an impairment.
The use of therapeutic exercises and appropriate therapeutic modalities is crucial during this phase to assist in repairing the impairments from the injury.
The Neuromuscular Training Phase is used to focus on the patient regaining full strength in both the lower extremity and the core muscles.
The final phase is the Return to Sport Phase, and during this phase the patient will focus on sport-specific activities and agility.
A functional performance brace is suggested to be used during the phase to assist with stability during pivoting and cutting activities.
Many factors should be considered when discussing surgery including the athlete's level of competition, age, previous knee injury, other injuries sustained, leg alignment and graft choice.
There are typically four graft types to choose from, the bone-patella tendon-bone graft, the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons (quadrupled hamstring tendon), quadriceps tendon, and an allograft.
Although there has been extensive research on which grafts are the best, the surgeon will typically choose the type of graft he or she is most comfortable with.
This means that the patient will be doing exercises before getting surgery to maintain factors like range of motion and strength.
Research shows that based on a single leg hop test and self-reported assessment, prehab improved function; these effects sustained 12 weeks postoperatively.
This will typically take a patient 6 to 12 months to return to life as it was prior to the injury.
The rehab will be divided into 5 phases which include; protection of the graft, improving range of motion, decrease swelling, and regaining muscle control.
For example, while the ligament is healing the patient should be not be fully weight bearing but should strengthen the quad and hamstrings by doing quad sets and weight shifting drills.
Phase 2 would require fully weight-bearing and correcting gait patterns, so exercises like core strengthening and balance exercises would be appropriate.
Phase 3, the patient will begin running but can do aquatic workouts to help with reducing joint stresses and cardiorespiratory endurance.
One study found that children under 14 who had ACL reconstruction fared better after early surgery than those who underwent a delayed surgery.
But for adults 18 to 35, patients who underwent early surgery followed by rehabilitation fared no better than those who had rehabilitative therapy and a later surgery.
ACL injuries in children are a challenge because children have open growth plates in the bottom of the femur or thigh bone and on the top of the tibia or shin.
An ACL reconstruction will typically cross the growth plates, posing a theoretical risk of injury to the growth plate, stunting leg growth or causing the leg to grow at an unusual angle.
It found no significant statistical difference in performance and pain outcomes for patients who receive early ACL reconstruction vs. those who receive physical therapy with an option for later surgery.
This would suggest that many patients without instability, buckling or giving way after a course of rehabilitation can be managed non-operatively.
However, the study points to the need for more extensive research, was limited to outcomes after two years and did not involve patients who were serious athletes.
Patients involved in sports requiring significant cutting, pivoting, twisting or rapid acceleration or deceleration may not be able to participate in these activities without ACL reconstruction.
Risk differences among men and women can be attributed to a combination of multiple factors including anatomical, hormonal, genetic, positional, neuromuscular, and environmental factors.
Researchers use cadavers, and in vivo to study these factors, and most studies confirm that women have smaller anterior cruciate ligaments.
Other factors that could contribute to higher risks of ACL tears in women include patient weight and height, the size and depth of the intercondylar notch, the diameter of the ACL, the magnitude of the tibial slope, the volume of the tibial spines, the convexity of the lateral tibiofemoral articular surfaces, and the concavity of the medial tibial plateau.
While anatomical factors are most talked about, extrinsic factors, including dynamic movement patterns, might be the most important risk factor when it comes to ACL injury.
Criticism that the U.S. Air Force did not take close air support seriously prompted a few service members to seek a specialized attack aircraft.
In the Vietnam War, large numbers of ground-attack aircraft were shot down by small arms, surface-to-air missiles, and low-level anti-aircraft gunfire, prompting the development of an aircraft better able to survive such weapons.
Fast jets such as the North American F-100 Super Sabre, Republic F-105 Thunderchief, and McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II proved for the most part to be ineffective for close air support.
Discussions with A-1 Skyraider pilots operating in Vietnam and analysis of the effectiveness of current aircraft used in the role indicated the ideal aircraft should have long loiter time, low-speed maneuverability, massive cannon firepower, and extreme survivability; an aircraft that had the best elements of the Ilyushin Il-2, Henschel Hs 129 and Skyraider.
While turboprop engines were requested in the initial request, by May 1969, requirements had changed to specify use of turbofan engines.
The RFP also called for an aircraft with a maximum speed of , takeoff distance of , external load of , mission radius, and a unit cost of US$1.4 million.
Simplicity and low cost were also vital requirements, with a maximum flyaway cost of $1.4 million based on a 600 aircraft production run.
During this time, a separate RFP was released for A-X's 30 mm cannon with requirements for a high rate of fire (4,000 round/minute) and a high muzzle velocity.
Six companies submitted proposals to the USAF, with Northrop and Fairchild Republic selected on December 18, 1970 to build prototypes: the YA-9A and YA-10A, respectively.
Northrop selected the Lycoming YF102 engine for the YA-9 rather than the more powerful () General Electric TF34 used by the A-10, although either engine could be accommodated.
The F-102 engine was a new design, based on the T55 turboshaft that powered the CH-47 helicopter, which was selected in order to minimize costs.
When these airbrakes were operated asymmetrically in conjunction with the aircraft's rudder, sideways control forces could be applied (and the aircraft moved sideways) without yawing or banking, easing weapon aiming.
The cockpit was surrounded by a bathtub of armor (aluminum in the prototypes, which would have been replaced by titanium if production occurred) while the wing-mounted fuel tanks were self-sealing and filled with foam to minimize the potential for fires or massive fuel loss.
Dual redundant hydraulic flight control systems were fitted, with a further manual backup to prevent a single hit from causing control failure.
A single 30 mm Gatling gun was to be fitted in the belly of the aircraft, with the gun barrels extending under the nose.
As the GAU-8 Avenger cannon was not ready, both the YA-9 prototypes (as well as the two YA-10s) were instead fitted with the smaller 20 mm M61 Vulcan.
The use of the established TF34 engine rather than the untried F102 by the YA-10 may have been preferred by the Air Force, while Fairchild had no alternative work available and was unlikely to survive if it did not win the A-X contract.
When retired, the YA-9s' custom-built engines were removed and were later mated to a C-8 Buffalo airframe as part of the NASA-Boeing joint Quiet Short-haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) study into a quiet short-haul commercial aircraft.
The group was formed in 1981 by lead singer and multi-instrumentalist Al Jourgensen, with drummer Stephen George being the most notable member of its initial lineup.
He began to write and record songs in his apartment, using a newly-bought ARP Omni synthesizer, a drum machine, and a reel-to-reel tape recorder.
Impressed by the demo, Nash offered to record its material professionally and to assemble the touring band, which Jourgensen named Ministry.
Simultaneously, Jourgensen assembled the band's first live line-up, the five-piece group including Jourgensen himself on vocals and guitar, bassist Martin Sorenson, keyboardists Robert Roberts and John Davis, and drummer Stephen George.
Jourgensen and Roberts state that their mutual friend Paul Taylor had to perform in the original line-up, but, according to Jourgensen, refused after getting sick and proposed to invite Roberts instead.
Jourgensen later disowned the album, maintaining that he was pressured by Arista management into producing the album in the then-popular synthpop style, which is in contrast to the harder industrial and heavy metal sounds he developed afterward.
Additionally, video of local concerts that Ministry performed in Chicago a few years before to their signing with Arista show them playing synthpop and dressed in new wave styles.
Jourgensen assumes a false English accent for all of the songs, for which he also later expressed great disliking; however, his ex-wife Patty stated in a 2013 interview that it was a homage to bands he liked.
After having been long out of print (with Jourgensen claiming for years that he had destroyed the master tapes) the album was reissued in 2012 by Eastworld Records, with three bonus tracks.
The animal is called paca in most of its range, but tepezcuintle (original Aztec language name) in most of Mexico and Central America, pisquinte in northern Costa Rica, jaleb in the Yucatán peninsula, conejo pintado in Panama, guanta in Ecuador, majás or picuro in Peru, jochi pintado in Bolivia, and boruga, tinajo, or guartinaja in Colombia.
It is also known as the gibnut in Belize, where it is prized as a game animal, labba in Guyana, lapa in Venezuela, and lappe on the island of Trinidad.
The lowland paca has coarse fur without underfur, dark brown to black on the upper body and white or yellowish on the underbelly.
It has thick strong legs, with four digits in the forefeet and five in the hind feet (the first and fifth are reduced); the nails function as hooves.
The zygomatic arch is expanded laterally and dorsally and is used as a resonating chamber - a unique feature among mammals.
It lives in forested habitats near water, preferably smaller rivers, and dig simple burrows about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) below the surface, usually with more than one exit.
The lowland paca is a good swimmer and usually heads for the water to escape danger, as it can stay under water for several minutes.
The lowland paca can be considered an important seed distributor, since its diet includes leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruit, especially avocados, mangos and zapotes.
It is plentiful in protected habitats, and hence not in danger of extinction, but overall its numbers have been much reduced because of hunting and habitat destruction.
Sijo () is a Korean traditional poetic form that emerged in the Goryeo period, flourished during the Joseon Dynasty, and is still written today.
The three lines average 14–16 syllables, for a total of 42–48: theme (3, 4,4,4); elaboration (3,4,4,4); counter-theme (3,5) and completion (4,3).
It demands a high level of ability and coordination between drummer and performer in order to keep the song flowing well.
With the adoption of Chinese literary exams during the Goryeo dynasty, the usage of Chinese characters became more popular and it lasted for thousands of years until King Sejong invented Hangul in the Joseon dynasty.
For him, a simple life like this is enough, but even this seemly simple life is hard for him to realize.
On the surface, this poem is about the view and the landscape that Li Bai saw while he was in the tower of yellow crane superficially, but it actually expresses the deep feeling of Li Bai when he was still gazing at the river even though his friend Meng Haoran has left.
In the last two lines, it describes how Li Bai gazed after Meng Haoran and how he felt, metaphorizing his feelings as the Long River.
These women were selected at a young age from the lower class for their beauty and talents; then trained to work for the government performing-arts bureaucracy.
It was emerged in 'The open-door period' (개화기) (1876) flourished during The Empire of Korea (1897–1910), Japanese Colonial Period (1910–1945) and is still created today.
Either narrative or thematic, this lyric verse introduces a situation or problem in line 1, development (called a turn) in line 2, and a strong conclusion beginning with a surprise (a twist) in line 3, which resolves tensions or questions raised by the other lines and provides a memorable ending.
1981), twenty-three-time Grand Slam title winner (singles), both of whom were coached from an early age by their parents Richard Williams and Oracene Price.
There is a noted professional rivalry between them—between the 2001 US Open and the 2017 Australian Open tournaments, they met in nine Grand Slam singles finals.
Between 2000 and 2016, a 17-year span, they collectively won 12 Wimbledon singles titles (Venus won five, and Serena won seven).
By winning the 2001 Australian Open women's doubles title, they became the fifth pair to complete the Career Doubles Grand Slam and the only pair to complete the Career Doubles Golden Slam.
Since then, they have gone on to add another two Olympic gold medals in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics.
Nearly a decade later, the duo would go on to win four consecutive Grand Slam doubles titles from 2009 Wimbledon through 2010 Roland Garros, which would catapult them to co-No.
They remain very close, often watching each other's matches in support, even after one of them has been knocked out of a tournament.
Both players have won four gold medals at the Summer Olympics, one each in singles and three in doubles–all won together—the most of any tennis players.
Between the two of them, they have completed the Boxed Set, winning all four grand slams in singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles.
They won all of the mixed doubles titles in 1998 to go along with their titles in singles and women's doubles.
During the 2001 Indian Wells Masters tournament in Indian Wells, California, controversy erupted when Venus Williams withdrew four minutes prior to her semifinal match with her sister Serena.
Venus and her father, (coach to her and Serena) Richard Williams were booed as they made their way to their seats.
Serena was booed intermittently during the final, in which she defeated Clijsters, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2, and even during the presentation ceremony.
Richard has said that racial epithets were used against him and Venus as they sat in the stands during the final, but no official complaints were recorded by the tournament.
She says that on the morning of the semifinal, Venus told the tour trainer that she had injured her knee and didn't think she could play and tried for hours to get approval from the trainer to withdraw, but the tournament officials kept stalling.
But I looked up and all I could see was a sea of rich people—mostly older, mostly white—standing and booing lustily, like some kind of genteel lynch mob.
I don't mean to use such inflammatory language to describe the scene, but that's really how it seemed from where I was down on the court.
That's just not something you hear in polite society on that stadium court ... Just before the start of play, my dad and Venus started walking down the aisle to the players' box by the side of the court, and everybody turned and started to point and boo at them ...
However, on February 3, 2015, Serena Williams wrote an exclusive column for TIME magazine stating her intentions to return to Indian Wells for a tournament on March 9, 2015.
The WTA announced on January 27, 2016 that Venus would return to Indian Wells for the first time in 15 years.
The domain name mil is the sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for the United States Department of Defense and its subsidiary or affiliated organizations.
The United States is the only country that has a top-level domain for its military, a legacy of the United States' military role in the creation of the Internet.
The Peace Companies (, '), frequently mistranslated as Peace Brigades in US media, are an Iraqi armed group linked to Iraq's Shia community.
The Mahdi Army rose to international prominence on April 18, 2004, when it spearheaded the first major armed confrontation against the US forces in Iraq from the Shia community.
This concerned an uprising that followed the ban of al-Sadr's newspaper and his subsequent attempted arrest, lasting until a truce on June 6.
The truce was followed by moves to disband the group and transform al-Sadr's movement into a political party to take part in the 2005 elections; Muqtada al-Sadr ordered fighters of the Mahdi army to cease fire unless attacked first.
At its height, the Mahdi Army's popularity was strong enough to influence local government, the police, and cooperation with Sunni Iraqis and their supporters.
Many of the IEDs used during attacks on Iraqi Security Forces and Coalition Forces used infra-red sensors as triggers, a technique that was used widely by the IRA in Northern Ireland in the early-to-mid-1990s.
The group was re-mobilized in 2014 in order to fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and was still active as of 2016.
Created by Muqtada al-Sadr and a small faction of Shias, the Mahdi Army began as a group of roughly 500 seminary students connected with Muqtada al-Sadr in the Sadr City district of Baghdad, formerly known as Saddam City.
The group moved in to fill the security vacuum in Sadr City and in a string of southern Iraqi cities following the fall of Baghdad to U.S-led coalition forces on April 9, 2003.
The Mahdi Army grew into a sizable force of up to 10,000 who even operated what amounted to a shadow government in some areas.
Al-Sadr's preaching is critical of the US occupation, but he did not initially join the Sunni Islamist and Baathist guerrillas in their attacks on coalition forces.
The next day, violent protests occurred throughout the Shi'ite south that soon spilled over into a violent uprising by Mahdi Army militiamen, fully underway by April 4.
The Mahdi Army forces began an offensive in Najaf, Kufa, Kut, and Sadr City, seizing control of public buildings and police stations while clashing with coalition forces.
Najaf and Kufa were quickly seized after a few firefights with Spanish troops, and Kut was seized after clashes with Ukrainian troops soon afterwards.
Mahdi rebels expelled Iraqi police from three police stations and ambushed U.S. forces in Sadr City, killing seven U.S. troops and wounding several more.
Coalition troops cordoned off Najaf with 2,500 troops, but reduced the number of forces to pursue negotiations with the Mahdi Army.
At the beginning of May, coalition forces estimated that there were 200–500 militants still present in Karbala, 300–400 in Diwaniyah, an unknown number still left in Amarah and Basra, and 1,000–2,000 still in the Najaf-Kufa region.
On May 4, coalition forces began a counter-offensive to eliminate the Mahdi Army in southern Iraq following a breakdown in negotiations.
The first wave began with simultaneous raids in Karbala and Diwaniyah on militia forces, followed by a second wave on May 5 in Karbala and more attacks that seized the governor's office in Najaf on May 6.
At the same time, perhaps as a diversionary tactic, hundreds of Mahdi Army members swept through Basra, firing on British patrols and seizing parts of the city.
The return of Najaf to Iraqi security forces following the cease-fire left Sadr City as the last bastion of Mahdi Army guerrillas still pursuing violent resistance.
On June 24, Mahdi Army declared an end to operations in Sadr City as well, effectively ending militia activity, at least for the time being.
Al-Sadr told supporters not to attack Iraqi security forces and announced his intention to form a party and enter the 2005 elections.
After Sadr's militia besieged a police station in Najaf and the local governor called for assistance, the US military intervened again.
US troops arrested Sadr's representative in Karbala, Sheikh Mithal al Hasnawi on July 31 and surrounded al-Sadr's home on August 3.
After the expiration of a noon deadline to release them on August 5, the Basra militiamen declared holy war on British forces.
On August 5, via his spokesman Ahmed al-Shaibany, al-Sadr re-affirmed his commitment to the truce and called on US forces to honour the truce.
In the days that followed fighting continued around the old city of Najaf, in particular at the Imam Ali shrine and the cemetery.
The Mahdi Army, estimated at 2,000 in Najaf, was outnumbered by some 2,000 US troops and 1,800 Iraqi security forces, and at a disadvantage due to the vastly superior American tactics, training, firepower and air power, such as helicopters and AC-130 gunships.
A video tape was released, featuring Brandon and a hooded militant, threatening to kill the British hostage unless US forces withdrew from Najaf within 24 hours.
He said he escaped after holding a woman at knife-point, to a government building where guards found him, but they phoned his kidnappers, who arrived to collect him.
Despite telling them repeatedly that he was a journalist, they assumed he was a spy or agent for the occupation until they saw a report about the kidnap on al-Arabiya television.
Brandon was delivered to the British military police who gave him medical treatment and escorted him to Kuwait the following day.
The fact that American troops surrounded the Shrine led to an impasse as the Mahdi army could not leave the shrine and US troops did not want to offend Islam by setting foot inside the shrine.
The standoff did not end for three weeks until Sistani emerged from convalescence in London and brokered an agreement between the two forces.
The uprising seemed to draw an ambivalent reaction from the Iraqi population, which for the most part neither joined nor resisted the rebels.
In a sign of Mahdi Army's unpopularity in Najaf, however, which follows more traditionalist clerics, a small covert movement sprung up to launch attacks on the militants.
The uprising did receive a good deal of support from Shiite radicals in Baghdad, however, who were galvanized by the simultaneous siege of the city of Fallujah.
The movement is believed to have infiltrated the Iraqi police forces, and to have been involved in the September 2005 arrest of two British soldiers by Iraqi police.
On December 4, 2005, former Prime Minister Iyad Allawi was assaulted by a mob in Najaf, where the Mahdi Army is influential.
In mid October, a roadside bomb killed Qassim al-Tamimi, the chief of investigations for the provincial police force and a member of the rival Badr Organization.
Badr fighters blamed the Mahdi Army for the killing and in response to this, the police captured a brother of the suspected bomber, who was a member of the Mahdi Army.
By the morning of October 20, 2006, local leaders and residents said that victorious Mahdi fighters were patrolling the city on foot and in commandeered police vehicles and were setting up roadblocks.
The Mahdi Army eventually withdrew from their positions in Amarah following negotiations between local tribal and political leaders and representatives from the Baghdad offices of Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki.
The stunning and defiant display of militia strength underscored the weaknesses of the Iraqi security forces and the potency of the Mahdi Army, which had been able to operate virtually unchecked in Iraq.
In August 2007, during fighting between the Mahdi Army and Iraqi police in Karbala, Muqtada al-Sadr called for a ceasefire and urged Mahdi Army members to stop fighting.
The cease-fire has been credited with helping to reduce violence in Iraq between the Mahdi Army and Iraqi Army since August 2007.
Amid fears of the ending of the ceasefire in February 2008, it was extended for a further six months by al-Sadr on February 22, 2008.
On 25 March 2008, thousands of Iraqi troops carried out a military strike against the Mahdi Army in their stronghold of Basra.
This operation, code named Operation Charge of the Knights, was the first of its kind since British troops withdrew from the city centre.
Clashes took place between security forces and the militants loyal to Muqtada al-Sadr after a dawn military offensive in the southern city.
Violent rivalries among Shiites had been predicted by many observers ahead of the 2008 Iraqi governorate elections, which were to be held by October 1, 2008.
Concurrently, on April 6, Iraqi and U.S. forces moved into the southern third of Sadr City to prevent rocket and mortar fire from the area against the Green Zone.
U.S. engineers began construction of a concrete barrier along al-Quds Street to seal the southern third of the city off and allow reconstruction to take place.
Over the next month, the Mahdi Army launched a number of attacks on the troops building the barrier, but sustained heavy losses.
Later, however, al-Sadr created either two or three new organizations to take the place of the Mahdi Army: the Promised Day Brigades, established in November 2008 as a militia, and the Muhamidoon, which focuses on social work and religious education.
In June 2014, these Peace Companies marched in Sadr City, a slum in Baghdad infamous for being the prime Mahdi Army center of operations during the Iraq War.
In addition to guarding shrines, the Peace Companies participated in offensive operations such as the recapture of Jurf Al Nasr in October 2014.
Although Muqtada Al-Sadr has historically had close ties to Iran, he has generally opposed Iranian clerical and political influence in Iraq.
Unlike the Al-Hakim family, of the Supreme Iraqi Islamic Council and many leaders of the Dawa party who fled to Iran following the Persian Gulf War and remained there in exile until the American invasion in 2003, Muqtada al-Sadr and his family remained in Iraq throughout Saddam's rule.
Early 2006, al-Sadr pledged military support to Iran and other neighboring Islamic countries if they were to be attacked by a foreign nation.
Since then, however, Al-Sadr has opposed the Dawa Party, and In 2006 Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki ordered a major offensive targeting the Mahdi Army in Basra.
In late 2007 or 2008, Muqtada al-Sadr moved to Iran and spent several years studying Shia jurisprudence in Qom before returning to Najaf in 2011.
The Mahdi army operated death squads that frequently killed Sunni civilians particularly during the civil war phase of the Iraq war.
When reporting on an early October 2006 clash between the Mahdi Army and Coalition troops in Diwaniyah, BBC news suggested that at the time, the Mahdi Army was not a homogeneous force, with local groups apparently acting on own initiative.
In September 2006, a senior coalition intelligence official had remarked to reporters how there were political fractures within Al-Sadr's organization in protest of his relatively moderate political course of action, with one coalition intelligence official claiming that at least six major leaders no longer answer to al-Sadr and as many as a third of the army was now out of his direct control.
The Greenbelt () is a protected area of green space, including forests, farms, and wetlands, that encircles Canada's capital city of Ottawa, in the province of Ontario.
of the greenbelt is owned and managed by the National Capital Commission (NCC) and the rest is held by other federal government departments and private interests.
The greenbelt was proposed by Jacques Gréber in 1950 as part of his master plan for Ottawa, and the federal government started expropriating land in 1956.
Its original purpose included the prevention of urban sprawl (which was threatening the rural areas surrounding the city), as well as to provide open space for the future development of farms, natural areas and government campuses.
The present City of Ottawa comprises an extensive urban area surrounded by an even more extensive rural zone, a situation brought about by the January 1, 2001 amalgamation of Ottawa with several surrounding municipalities, both urban and rural.
As a result, the Greenbelt no longer surrounds Ottawa, but rather it forms an arc through the inside of the city.
Today, land cover within the current Greenbelt comprises mainly forest, wetland, and fields - all with mixed use for recreation, conservation, farming, research, forestry.
The Greenbelt's success in curbing urban sprawl is difficult to measure because it is not known what the city would have looked like without it.
As Ottawa had a population of 1,000,000 in 2019, it has clearly grown beyond what Gréber planned that the greenbelt should hold.
Greenbelt detractors commonly reference the former city of Kanata, which lies just to the west of the greenbelt, as proof that development leapfrogged the greenbelt.
Proponents, however, point out that Kanata was planned as a separate and independent city contemporaneously with the greenbelt (in fact, it was to have a greenbelt of its own).
Other areas of major development beyond the greenbelt (such as Stittsville in the west and Orléans in the east) are historical towns in their own right which grew outside the planning area of Ottawa.
Half a century later, it is hard to know whether the greenbelt delayed the popularity of these towns as bedroom communities.
More recently, Barrhaven in the southwest and new developments in the southeast (along Riverside Drive and Bank Street) are developing quickly beyond the greenbelt.
Regardless of its role in preventing urban sprawl, the presence of the Greenbelt has ensured that there are large protected rural and green areas in proximity to Ottawa's urban and suburban developed areas.
The City of Ottawa is undergoing an Official Plan Review which, among other things, examines the need for additional land for urban purposes.
It considers whether a discussion of urban land should include the option of some development within the Greenbelt and it is intended that this discussion will feed into the NCC’s review of the Greenbelt Master Plan.
All views expressed in [the] White Paper are those of the City of Ottawa and not those of the National Capital Commission which owns and operates the Greenbelt.
The City of Ottawa has identified more than of the Greenbelt, worth about $1.6 billion, that could be developed, and in their view, without damaging its overall integrity.
It operates as a 'paper-airline' for parent company EgyptAir under a wet lease-like agreement to serve flights exclusively between Egypt and Israel.
The airline was established in 1982 to fly scheduled services between Egypt and Israel (on routes previously flown by Nefertiti Aviation), which for political reasons could not be handled by parent company EgyptAir.
During 1982, a Boeing 707-320C, reg N18712 (c/n 19226, ex TWA) was leased and operated on behalf of EgyptAir on their flights to Europe, especially twice weekly MS782/781 Cairo-Copenhagen v.v.
Air Sinai ceased airline operations in its own right in 2002 and operates as a 'paper airline' for its parent company, EgyptAir, using their aircraft without any markings identifying either carrier, although some have been spotted in Tel Aviv in full EgyptAir branding.
As of 2014 Air Sinai flights are displayed on arrival and departure boards at Cairo Airport using the IATA code 4D.
Due to the nature of its operations, Air Sinai uses two unmarked Embraer 170 aircraft owned by EgyptAir Express to operate its flights.
In September 2019, it was announced the airline would replace Embraer operations with Airbus A220 aircraft operated by EgyptAir Express from 1 March 2020.
He has authored ten books (six nonfiction, one of humor, and three literary novels), and writes for op-ed pages, magazines, and journals.
Gregg Easterbrook was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of George Easterbrook, a dentist, and Vimy Hoover Easterbrook, a teacher.
His areas of interest include environmental policy, global warming, space policy, social science research, Christian theology, and sports — especially professional football.
TMQ was published for two weeks on the independent website Football Outsiders, and then by NFL.com, moving back to ESPN.com prior to the 2006 season.
Norman Borlaug, one of the most important figures in the Green Revolution, was the subject of an admiring Easterbrook article in 1997, and again in 2009 marking Borlaug's passing.
Until 2006, Easterbrook was skeptical about whether global warming was a serious manmade problem, pointing out several times that even the National Academy of Sciences had expressed doubt about whether global warming was caused by humans.
Once global-warming science was too uncertain to form the basis of policy decisions — and this was hardly just the contention of oil executives.
That research is now in, and it shows a strong scientific consensus that an artificially warming world is a real phenomenon posing real danger.
The book cites statistical data indicating that Americans are better off in terms of material goods and amount of free time but are not happier than before.
Easterbrook argues that this has occurred due to choice anxiety (too many decisions to make) and abundance denial (not realizing how well we are doing).
He has also been critical of the International Space Station, because of its expense and the feasibility of conducting the same experiments on Earth instead of in orbit.
Besides writing for many magazines, journals, and op-ed pages on a wide variety of subjects, and producing books of his own, Easterbook has also written various book chapters.
It was the first play by Terence to be presented publicly, and was performed in 166 BC during the Ludi Megalenses.
Wishing to publicly shame his son for his dalliance with a woman of low birth, Simo pretends that not only will the match still go ahead but that it is scheduled for that same day.
Pamphilus, on the advice of Davus, who has learnt of Simo's scheme, accepts the proposal willingly in order to wrong-foot his father.
This leaves Pamphilus in an awkward position as he has promised Chrysis on her death bed to protect Glycerium, Glycerium is pregnant with their son and finally his friend Charinus is in love with Philumena.
Davus faces the three-way wrath of Pamphilus (for his advice), Charinus (for causing the loss of his beloved) and Simo (for double-dealing between him and his son).
She had been left in her family's care when her uncle Phania, while searching for his lost brother, was shipwrecked on Andros and died.
When Sosia enquires as to the purpose of the sham, Simo tells him of Pamphilus' shameful secret attachment to Glycerium, the sister of a harlot.
While Chremes had previously been so impressed by Pamphilus' moderate and upright behaviour he offered his daughter unprompted; following the uncovering of the affair between Pamphilus and Glycerium at Chrysis' funeral he has withdrawn his offer.
Simo is outraged that Pamphilus does not feel abashed by his private admonition of Pamphilus' behaviour and is continuing with the appearance of the nuptials so that he will be seen as publicly defying his father.
Having made himself known he is told by Simo to ensure the planned nuptials go to plan, as any hint that Davus' scheming had caused the wedding's cancellation will result in Davus' incarceration.
He also reveals that in order to curry favour with Simo, Glycerium has concocted a story that she is a free-born citizen of Athens who was shipwrecked as a child on Andros and thus is not of base birth.
Mysis leaves her mistress' house to make some preparations for this when she overhears Pamphilus bemoaning the fact that his marriage to Philumena is still going ahead.
Charinus declares his love of Philumena and as he is unsure why Pamphilus is going ahead with the match he vows to go and beg him at least to delay.
Byrrhia warns him not to as it might appear to Pamphilus that Charinus is effect telling him that he will cuckold him at the first opportunity.
Pamphilus tells him that he would love nothing better than acquiesce to this request and is endeavouring to bring about its termination.
Davus tells them that in fact the planned nuptials are a ruse and that he has checked Chremes' house and there is no sign of preparations.
Pamphilus agrees but asks Davus to ensure his father does not discover that he has agreed to bring up Glycerium's child.
Simo and Davus overhear Mysis and Lesbia, who in the course of their conversation reveal that Pamphilus has made a pledge to support Glycerium's child.
Simo believes that this is a ruse concocted by his son to anger Chremes and thereby end his wedding to Philumena.
With a view to avoiding suspicion to his true plans Davus tells Simo this is a plan by Glycerium to keep the attentions of his son and the next move of Glyceium's servants will be to place the new-born son on Simo's doorstep so as to prevent the wedding.
Chremes asks why there is a rumour about town that their children will still be wed. Simo implores Chremes to reagree to the match.
He 'reveals' the nuptials had been a sham and says if they now go ahead it is wholly due to Davus' good advice.
Davus impores him to let him redeem himself and promises to come up with something to stop the wedding, but no plan comes to mind.
Charinus on hearing that the wedding will proceed believes that his friend has betrayed him taking Philumena only because he had revealed his love of the girl.
Davus tells Charinus that he has a plan but there may not be enough time to pull it off, but he should go and wait in his house.
Davus retires into the background as Chremes comes onto the scene, and then reappears after Chremes has seen what Mysis was doing.
Davus berates a confused Mysis for her actions, saying that it would be terrible if Chremes had come on the scene and not him.
Crito arrives in Athens, and on learning of Chrysis' death berates his ill fortune because, as Glycerium is in reality an orphan, he is Chrysis' closest relative and will need to take a case to law to claim her estate ahead of Glycerium who will no doubt be defended by some gallant protector.
Simo mollifies his rage saying what he saw was a ruse orchestrated by Glycerium and that Davus had even warned him beforehand that this would be attempted in order to break the wedding off.
Pamphilus responds that he will indeed break his word but that his father ought to listen to Crito's story before he scolds him.
Crito tells all present that Glycerium is the niece of an Athenian nobleman shipwrecked on Andros while searching for his brother.
John Russell Hind was born in 1823 in Nottingham, the son of lace manufacturer John Hind and Elizabeth Russell, and was educated at Nottingham High School.
At age 17 he went to London to serve an apprenticeship as a civil engineer, but through the help of Charles Wheatstone he left engineering to accept a position at the Royal Greenwich Observatory under George Biddell Airy.
Hind remained there from 1840 to 1844, at which time he succeeded W. R. Dawes as director of the private George Bishop's Observatory.
He also discovered and observed the variable stars R Leporis (also known as Hind's Crimson Star), U Geminorum, and T Tauri (also called Hind's Variable Nebula), and discovered the variability of μ Cephei.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1863 and President of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1880.
In the table of discovered asteroids, mpc links to the Minor Planet Center database for more information about the asteroid, along with the background on its name.
Cayuga Lake State Park is a state park located on the north end of Cayuga Lake, east of the village of Seneca Falls in Seneca County, New York, United States.
Cayuga Lake State Park offers a beach, two playgrounds, playing fields, picnic tables and pavilions, recreation programs, a nature trail, showers, fishing, a boat launch, a dump station, cabins with view of the lake, a vacation rental, campground for tents and trailers, sledding, cross-country skiing and ice fishing.
The road splits the park in half, with electric sites being in the East camp closer to the lake, while nonelectric sites are located in the West camp.
Mark Wells White Jr. (March 17, 1940 – August 5, 2017) was an American politician and lawyer, who served as the 43rd Governor of Texas from 1983 to 1987.
A member of the Democratic Party, White sought to improve education, transportation, water resources, law enforcement, and taxes to lure new industry to Texas.
White attended Baylor University in Waco, Texas, where he was a member of the Tryon Coterie Club (now the Texas Lambda chapter of Phi Delta Theta).
In 1973, White was appointed as Texas Secretary of State under Governor Briscoe and also served in the 36th Infantry Division of the Texas National Guard.
Whenever things weren't going well with one of our bills in the Senate, Mark was always ready to go to work on the senators who were having problems supporting the bill.
During his tenure as the state's chief elections officer, he streamlined the legal operations and made the services more responsive to the public during his tenure.
White was elected president of the National Association of the Secretaries of State in 1977, this was the association's highest office—and White was elected secretary and treasurer earlier.
White served as secretary of state until 1977, when he resigned to run for state attorney general, where he served until 1983.
First, White defeated former State House Speaker Price Daniel Jr., the son of former Texas Governor Price Daniel, in the Democratic primary and in general election, he easily defeated the Republican choice, James A. Baker, III, a Houston lawyer, businessman, and power broker affiliated with the Bush family of Houston.
As the state's chief enforcement officer, he co-chaired the Federal-State Enforcement Coordinating Committee and was a member of the Governor's Organized Crime Prevention Council.
White declined to seek a second term as state attorney general, but chose to seek the governorship in 1982 against fellow Democrat Bob Armstrong, who was the outgoing state Land Commissioner, who vacated the General Land Office following twelve years, and then the incumbent Bill Clements, Texas' first Republican governor since Reconstruction.
In November 1982, he defeated Clements over concerns about the governor's poor economic numbers and lack of support from minority groups.
White received 1,697,870 votes (53.2 percent) to Clements' 1,465,537 (45.9 percent) in a year where Texas Democrats swept all the statewide offices up for grabs; led by U.S.
Senator Lloyd Bentsen (who won a third six-year term to the Senate) and the legendary Lieutenant Governor of Texas William P. Hobby Jr..
Among White's appointments was Elma Salinas Ender as the first Hispanic woman to serve as judge of a district court in Texas.
White also appointed Myra McDaniel as the first African American to serve as General Counsel to the Governor in 1983 and later appointed her as Texas Secretary of State in 1984.
When he took office, Texas was ranked as one of the lowest performing states for the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) also in teachers' salaries.
After taking office, White immediately appointed a committee on Public Education, called a special session of the legislature in 1984, and worked with lawmakers to pass the Educational Opportunity Act (EOA).
Among White's advisors as governor were the Dallas industrialist H. Ross Perot and former State Senator Max Sherman, who left a brief stint in the administration to become dean of the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs in Austin.
Clements polled 1,813,779 votes (52.7%) to White's 1,584,515 votes (46.1%) in the November 1986 general election and left office on January 20, 1987.
White attempted to run for governor again in 1990, but he was defeated in the Democratic primary by Ann Richards, who then defeated Jim Mattox in a runoff election and the Republican Clayton W. Williams, Jr., in the general election.
White practiced law and was chairman of the board of the Houston Independent School District Foundation, a non-profit organization which supports the public schools.
He also endorsed then-United States Senator Barack Obama (D-Illinois) in the Texas primaries for the 2008 Democratic Presidential nomination, which Obama went on to win the presidency.
At his funeral on Wednesday, August 9, 2017 at Second Baptist Church Worship Center in Houston, the officiant was Pastor Homer Edwin Young and among the attendees who were there also included White's fellow Governors: former U.S. President George W. Bush, United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry and incumbent Governor Greg Abbott.
Mourners included former Lieutenant Governor of Texas William P. Hobby Jr., current Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick, Harris County Judge Ed Emmett, Mayor of Houston Sylvester Turner, former U.S.
In the March 6, 2018 Democratic Party primary, he placed second, forcing a runoff with Lupe Valdez on May 22, 2018.
In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball.
A pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an intentional ball.
In MLB and in amateur baseball, such as high school and college games, and in most levels of Little League Baseball, the manager of the team on the field now simply asks the plate umpire to let the batter go to first base.
The purpose of an intentional walk is to bypass the current batter in order to face the following batter, whom the defensive team expects to be easier to put out.
The penalty under the rules is that the current batter becomes a baserunner which, on average, makes it more likely that the team at bat will score.
An intentional base on balls — whether achieved through intentional balls or through declaration — has the effect of any other base on balls.
Any runner already on first base is awarded second base, and so on; if the bases are loaded, an intentional base on balls results in the scoring of a run.
Statistically, receiving an intentional base on balls does not count as an official at bat for a batter, but does count as a plate appearance and a base on balls.
If the count goes to three balls, where the pitcher would have to deliver an attractive pitch to hit, the manager elects the intentional base on balls.
A base on balls counts as an intentional base on balls if and only if the final pitch thrown in the plate appearance is an intentional ball.
Pitching an intentional ball, like point after touchdown in football and a free throw in basketball, is designed not to be automatic.
The pitcher generally aims several feet outside the strike zone, but the catcher must be in the catcher's box when it is thrown.
A balk or a wild pitch could occur, enabling runners to advance who would not have advanced from the base award to the batter.
In the Major Leagues, there were 12 cases from 1900 through 2011 of a batter making contact with an intentional ball.
In 9 of these cases, the batter reached first base safely (six by hits, one by fielder's choice, and two by errors).
Most recently, on September 10, 2016, the Tampa Bay Rays opted to walk Gary Sanchez of the hosting New York Yankees.
Before the 1920 season, the catcher was allowed to set up anywhere within a roughly 14 by 20 feet right triangle behind home plate, the back line being 10 feet behind the plate.
The catcher could stand at a corner of this triangle to receive the four wide pitches, too far away for the batter to have any chance at hitting the ball.
As the intentional walk became more frequent following the end of the dead ball era, batters such as Babe Ruth complained about the unfairness of it.
To give the batter a better chance (and to potentially increase scoring and attendance), major league baseball team owners (at the annual rules meeting in Chicago on February 9, 1920) initially attempted to ban the intentional base on balls by instituting a penalty that an intentional ball be counted as a balk (which would award each runner the next base).
The newly-redrawn catcher's box reduced the back line from 10 to 8 feet behind the plate, and with sides 3 1/2 feet (42 inches) apart.
Prior to the 2017 season, as part of Major League Baseball's efforts to improve the pace of play, the rules were amended to allow a manager to order an intentional walk by simply signaling the umpire.
Barry Bonds holds most of the records for intentional walks, including four in a nine-inning game (2004), 120 in a season (2004), 668 in his career—more than the next two players on the all-time list, Albert Pujols (309) and Hank Aaron (293), combined— and 21 in the postseason.
Nevertheless, many times the decision to walk Bonds was a futile strategy, as the San Francisco Giants still had the National League's second-best offense in 2004, scoring 820 runs.
He broke his previous record of 68 intentional walks, set in 2002, on July 10, 2004 in his last appearance before the All-Star break.
There are claims that Mel Ott was also intentionally walked four times in a game against the Phillies in 1929 (see below).
Hideki Matsui drew five consecutive intentional walks in a game in Japanese High School Baseball Championship at Koshien Stadium in 1992 and became a nationwide topic of conversation.
This might be advisable if a team with a lead of two to four runs elects to concede one run of its lead so as not to have to pitch to a batter who might hit a home run to tie the game or take the lead.
On October 5, 1929, in the first game of a Giants-Phillies doubleheader, Chuck Klein took the lead for the season home run title (box score).
In the top of the ninth inning of the second game, the bases were full and the Giants were already well ahead of the Phillies.
When the count got to 3-0, Ott swung at two wide ones but then accepted ball four and a run was forced in.
Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft (FSTA) is a British project to procure Airbus A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport aerial refuelling (AR) and air transport (AT) aircraft for the Royal Air Force, to replace older models such as the VC10s and TriStars.
After evaluation of bids the RAF selected the AirTanker consortium, owned by Cobham plc, EADS, Rolls-Royce plc, Thales UK and VT Group plc, in 2004 offering the Airbus A330 MRTT.
The project was to provide a replacement of the RAF's fleet of Vickers VC10s from 2008 and the Lockheed TriStars around 2012.
The chosen aircraft were to operate from the same RAF air transport hub, RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire as the replaced aircraft.
The RAF will continue to retain responsibility for all military missions, whilst the contractor will own, manage and maintain the aircraft and also provide training facilities and some personnel.
The private company will also be able to earn extra revenue by using aircraft for commercial operations when not required by the RAF — the most suitable of which would be leased air-refuelling missions for other European air forces.
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced on 26 January 2004 that Air Tanker had been selected to enter into final negotiations to provide the RAF's FSTA.
With continuing doubts over the FSTA programme, Marshall Aerospace, responsible for the conversion of the RAF's original TriStars, offered to buy and convert some of the large number of surplus commercial TriStars.
The MoD announced on 6 June 2007 that AirTanker had been given the approval it needed to continue with the project, allowing the company to seek the £2 billion private financing required to begin funding the aircraft.
On 27 March 2008, a PFI deal was agreed with AirTanker, worth £10.5 billion over the course of the contract, and will involve 14 converted A330 aircraft being delivered from 2011 and being operated until at least 2035.
Of this running costs are £80 million and the remainder covers the consortium's financing and profit and the capital cost of the project, including aircraft and infrastructure.
All aircraft will be equipped with a pair of wing-mounted aerial-refuelling pods, while only seven FSTAs will be fitted for centreline flight refuelling units (FRUs); each conversion will take about nine months.
The AirTanker facility is based at RAF Brize Norton, where a two-bay hangar and support building will provide a maintenance facility, flight operations centre and office headquarters for the programme.Lufthansa Technik will provide support, repair, and overhaul services.
The first two development aircraft went through a comprehensive military conversion process and initial flight testing programme at Airbus Military's facility near Madrid.
It was intended that the remaining 12 aircraft destined for the FSTA fleet would be converted by Cobham Aviation Services at their facility in Bournemouth, but in June 2012 it was announced that the final ten aircraft would be converted in Spain to ensure that they were delivered on time and to cost.
The first completed aircraft arrived at RAF Brize Norton in December 2011; after a prolonged certification process, it began training flights in April 2012.
Following technical issues with the new Cobham-designed High Speed-Variable Drag Drogue when refuelling the Tornado the drogues on the wing tip pods were replaced in early 2012 with standard Sargent Fletcher drogues, delaying the Release To Service clearance required to conduct Air to Air Refuelling (AAR) operations.
The aircraft will differ from the Voyager fleet by having 32 more seats, different seats with in flight video, and they will receive Thomas Cook livery.
A review of the scheme by the National Audit Office (NAO) was published in March 2010, unable to conclude that the Ministry of Defence has achieved value for money.
Despite managing the later stages of the procurement well, the MOD's ability to get the best deal it could was undermined by shortcomings in the way it conducted the procurement and assessed alternative options.
Although the project to provide air-to-air refuelling and military transport aircraft has achieved its delivery milestones since contract signature, it is still likely to be delivered five and a half years later than planned.
However, all the follow-on milestones have been achieved on or ahead schedule, and in particular the delivery of each of the fourteen aircraft.
The Public Accounts Committee found that the aircraft specification did not feature the adequate protection required for flights into Afghanistan because those protection requirements were revised after the FSTA contract signature, and would therefore mean the Lockheed Tristar would continue to fulfil this role until 2016.
This had been caused by the FSTA scheme beginning prior to the commencement of military operations in Afghanistan, and a significant delay in any decision being made on including the required protection systems within the contract.
However, once again, none of those forecasts have been met, and on the contrary the FSTA aircraft were quickly modified to fulfill the adequate protection, and the FSTA started operations into Afghanistan in December 2013, as well as earlier in all other locations and duties, being the Lockheed Tristar retired from RAF service in March 2014 and the VC10 in September 2013.
Both the Patuxet Squanto and the Abenakki sachem Samoset had had previous contact with the English, and were able to provide information regarding the newcomers.
At the time of the pilgrims' arrival in Plymouth, the realm of Pokanoket included parts of Rhode Island and much of southeastern Massachusetts.
Outbreaks of smallpox had devastated the Pokanoket, and Massasoit sought an alliance with the colonies of New England against the neighboring Narragansetts, who controlled an area west of Narragansett Bay in the Colony of Rhode Island.
Massasoit forged critical political and personal ties with colonial leaders William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Stephen Hopkins, John Carver, and Myles Standish, ties which grew out of a negotiated peace treaty on March 22, 1621.
According to Colonial sources, Massasoit prevented the failure of Plymouth Colony and the almost certain starvation that the Pilgrims faced during the earliest years of the colony's establishment.
There was some tension between Massasoit and the colonists when they refused to give up Squanto, whom Massasoit believed to have betrayed him.
He had learned that a group of influential Massachusett warriors intended to destroy both the Wessagusset and Plymouth colonies, and he warned the Pilgrims in time.
The alliance came under minor tension in later years, as the colonists needed to expand into new lands in order to support their growing colony.
Massasoit sold a tract of land 14 miles square to Myles Standish and others of Duxbury in 1649 to alleviate tension and maintain the peace between his people and the colonists.
Massasoit had five children: son Wamsutta, who was born between 1621 and 1625; son Pometecomet, Metacomet, or Metacom; son Sonkanuchoo; and daughters Amie and Sarah.
Soon after the death of Massasoit, Wamsutta and Pometecomet went to Plymouth and asked the Pilgrims to give them English names.
Massasoit was humane and honest, never violated his word, and constantly endeavored to imbue his people with a love of peace.
His son Wamsutta (Alexander) became his successor after his death, but Wamsutta also died in 1662 and Metacom (Philip) succeeded him.
Roger Williams fled the Massachusetts Bay Colony to avoid arrest and deportation for religious reasons and stayed the winter of 1635–36 with Massasoit, who gave him land along the Seekonk River the following spring.
Governor Winslow of Plymouth Colony advised Williams to move his settlement to the other side of the river because his current location was within the bounds of Plymouth Colony.
He died suddenly within a year of his succession in 1662, and Massasoit's second son Metacom (also known as Philip) became sachem of the Pokanokets and chief sachem of the Greater Wampanoag Confederacy.
He believed that Alexander had been murdered at the hands of the Colonists, and this was one of the factors that eventually led to King Philip's War, one of the bloodiest wars in Colonial American history.
Statues of Massasoit by sculptor Cyrus E. Dallin stand near Plymouth Rock, outside the Utah State Capitol building, on the campus of Brigham Young University, at the Springville Museum of Art in Springville, Utah, and in Kansas City, Missouri at the corner of Main Street and Emanuel Cleaver II Blvd.
The library also houses a Special Collections Department preserving unique publications, manuscripts, historical records, and genealogical resources, including a large collection of Norwegian bygdebøker (place histories).
The library is named after Chester Fritz (March 25, 1892 - July 28, 1983), a notable alumnus of UND, as is the Chester Fritz Auditorium, which is also located at UND.
The Indian National Congress, which had governed India for all but five years from independence until 1996, returned to power after a record eight years out of office.
It was able to put together a comfortable majority of more than 335 members out of 543 with the help of its allies.
The 335 members included both the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance, the governing coalition formed after the election, as well as external support from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Kerala Congress (KC) and the Left Front.
Congress President Sonia Gandhi surprised observers by declining to become the new prime minister, instead asking former Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, a respected economist, to head the new government.
Singh had previously served in the Congress government of Prime Minister Narasimha Rao in the early 1990s, where he was seen as one of the architects of India's first economic liberalisation plan, which staved off an impending national monetary crisis.
Despite the fact that Singh had never won a Lok Sabha seat, his considerable goodwill and Sonia Gandhi's nomination won him the support of the UPA allies and the Left Front.
Over 370 million of the 675 million eligible citizens voted, with election violence claiming 48 lives, less than half the number killed during the 1999 election.
Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee had recommended premature dissolution of the 13th Lok Sabha (in accordance with a provision of the Constitution) to pave the way for early elections apparently in view of the recent good showing of the BJP in the Assembly elections in four states.
In these elections, compared to all the Lok Sabha elections of the 1990s, the battle was more of a head-to-head contest in the sense that there was no viable third front alternative.
The BJP fought the elections as part of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), although some of its seat-sharing agreements were made with strong regional parties outside of the NDA such as Telugu Desam Party (TDP) in Andhra Pradesh and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) in Tamil Nadu.
In the end, an agreement could not be reached, but on regional level alliances between Congress and regional parties were made in several states.
The left parties, most notably the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Communist Party of India, contested on their own in their strongholds West Bengal, Tripura and Kerala, confronting both Congress and NDA forces.
The economy had shown steady growth in the last few months and the disinvestment of government owned production units (a continuation of India's liberalisation policies initiated in the early 1990s) had been on track.
The Foreign Exchange Reserves of India stood at more than US$100 billion (7th largest in the world and a record for India).
In the past, BJP has largely been seen as a hard-line Hindu party with close ties with the Hindu organisation the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
From the last few elections, BJP had realised that its voter base had reached a ceiling and had concentrated on pre-poll rather than post-poll alliances.
There are a maximum of 545 members of Parliament: 543 elected, and two may be nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community.
Though pre-poll predictions were for an overwhelming majority for the BJP, the exit polls (immediately after the elections and before the counting began) predicted a hung parliament.
Another reason which was not mentioned much but still spoken of in the public was that BJP supporters are working-class people, and the poll surveys predicted BJP win, and therefore they did not reach the ballot.
Another more prominent reason came from checking the RSS contribution, RSS cadres reached Vajpayee over the killing of 4 RSS workers in Assam, and Vajpayee disappointed them.
The rout of the ruling parties in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the general elections led to calls for the dissolution of the governments of these states.
The stock market (Bombay Stock Exchange) fell in the week prior to the announcement of the results due to fears of an unstable coalition.
As soon as counting began, however, it became clear that the Congress coalition was headed for a sizeable lead over the NDA and the market surged, only to crash the following day when the left parties, whose support would be required for government formation, announced that it was their intention to do away with the disinvestment ministry.
Following this, Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister (in office 2004-14) and the prime architect of the economic liberalisation of the early 1990s, hurried to reassure investors that the new government would strive to create a business-friendly climate.
Agoutis have five toes on their front feet and three toes on their hind feet; the first toe is very small.
Most species are brown on their backs and whitish or buff on their bellies; the fur may have a glossy appearance and then glimmers in an orange colour.
In Trinidad, they are renowned for being very fast runners, able to keep hunting dogs occupied with chasing them for hours.
Active and graceful in their movements, their pace is either a kind of trot or a series of springs following one another so rapidly as to look like a gallop.
They are regarded as one of the few species (along with macaws) that can open Brazil nuts without tools, mainly thanks to their strength and exceptionally sharp teeth.
Fathers are barred from the nest while the young are very small, but the parents pair bond for the rest of their lives.
He has had four platinum albums and four Top 10 hits in the United States, including three that went to #1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.
He has also recorded with his brothers Art, Charles and Cyril as The Neville Brothers and is the father of singer/keyboards player Ivan Neville.
The Grand Tour was a No.1 song for country music legend George Jones in 1974 and while Neville's version only peaked at No.38 on the Billboard country singles chart, it was highly acclaimed by fans and critics, resulting in a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards in 1994.
Neville's next country music project involved appearing on Rhythm, Country and Blues, an album of duets featuring R&B and Country artists performing renditions of classic country and R&B songs.
Neville recorded a version of I Fall to Pieces, a major crossover hit for Patsy Cline originally released in 1961, with Trisha Yearwood that resulted in Neville and Yearwood winning the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals at the 37th Annual Grammy Awards.
As a result, Neville became one of the only African American recording artists to win a Grammy within the Country genre.
In August 2005, his home in Eastern New Orleans was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina; he evacuated to Memphis, Tennessee, before the hurricane hit.
and, failing to return to the city by early 2008, caused the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival to temporarily change its tradition of having the Neville Brothers close the festival.
However, the Neville Brothers, including Aaron, returned for the 2008 Jazzfest, which returned to its traditional seven-day format for the first time since Katrina.
The album, produced by Stewart Levine, features collaborations between Neville and Chaka Khan, Mavis Staples, Chris Botti, David Sanborn, Art Neville, and others.
Neville was the featured artist for the 100th Anniversary Celebration of the University of Memphis Centennial Concert September 30, 2011, at the Cannon Center for the Performing Arts.
Ivan has also performed with Spin Doctors, The Rolling Stones and Bonnie Raitt, and played keyboards for Keith Richards on his first solo tour.
Neville's third son, Jason, is a vocalist and rap artist who has performed with his father and with the Neville Brothers, notably at the 2009 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival.
In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that would be needed to move an object to that location from a fixed reference location.
The reference location, where the potential is zero, is by convention infinitely far away from any mass, resulting in a negative potential at any finite distance.
In mathematics, the gravitational potential is also known as the Newtonian potential and is fundamental in the study of potential theory.
Potential energy is equal (in magnitude, but negative) to the work done by the gravitational field moving a body to its given position in space from infinity.
If the body has a mass of 1 kilogram, then the potential energy to be assigned to that body is equal to the gravitational potential.
So the potential can be interpreted as the negative of the work done by the gravitational field moving a unit mass in from infinity.
The gravitational field, and thus the acceleration of a small body in the space around the massive object, is the negative gradient of the gravitational potential.
The integral may be expressed in terms of known transcendental functions for all ellipsoidal shapes, including the symmetrical and degenerate ones.
These include the sphere, where the three semiaxes are equal; the oblate (see reference ellipsoid) and prolate spheroids, where two semiaxes are equal; the degenerate ones where one semiaxis is infinite (the elliptical and circular cylinder) and the unbounded sheet where two semiaxes are infinite.
A spherically symmetric mass distribution behaves to an observer completely outside the distribution as though all of the mass was concentrated at the center, and thus effectively as a point mass, by the shell theorem.
When the gravitational field is weak and the sources are moving very slowly compared to light-speed, general relativity reduces to Newtonian gravity, and the metric tensor can be expanded in terms of the gravitational potential.
When she begins her first year at this school, she falls into a world of female rivalry, love, chaos, and heartbreak.
When Nanako starts her new school year at the all-girl Seiran Academy, she is unexpectedly inducted into the school's Sorority despite having none of the looks, talents, or background needed to become a member.
As Nanako interacts with these women, she becomes attached to the great but troubled Rei Asaka, whom she wants to help, but cannot get close to due Rei's obsession with Fukiko Ichinomiya, the Sorority president.
Nanako also becomes friends with a beautiful and lonely young girl named Mariko Shinobu, who is determined to get into the Sorority and make Nanako her best friend at all costs.
Meanwhile, Nanako has problems of her own; she is constantly being bullied by her peers due to her unlikely membership in the Sorority, especially by one Aya Misaki who feels that she should have been the one chosen for it.
The series chronicles her first year at Seiran Academy as she uncovers the past of some of the most popular girls in school, learning of love, loss, and her own family's secrets, including her true relation with Takehiko.
She is becomes the first member of the Sorority who is expelled from it due to her bad grades, despite having a reasonable excuse (her bad health); Fukiko further humiliates her via exposing her case to everyone in the Sorority and then demanding for her to resign, despite Nanako's objections.
In the anime she is given some more spotlight, as she is introduced via speaking to a friend about Nanako's qualifications to be in the Sorority, which angers Mariko; few later, she rejoins the cast and befriends Nanako more properly.
Mr. Misonoo, a well-known and respected college professor, was formerly married to Takehiko Henmi's mother, and after a very bitter divorce, he took to drinking his sorrows away; Nanako's mother was the waitress of the pub that he attended the most, and once the professor sobered up, they fell in love and got married.
Ever since then Professor Misonoo has been a kind father figure to Nanako, though he wasn't able to rekindle his bonds to Takehiko as well; he and his new wife still worked hard to both be able to support themselves and help Takehiko after his mother's death.
When Nanako is chosen as a Sorority member, one of the reasons she was questioned the most for was the assumption that her mother was a homewrecker, which was obviously false.
Hikawa Shinobu is a rich and popular erotica writer, and his work is used by Aya and her group to bully Mariko at school; not to mention, his affair with an ex-actress is very well known, as well as the reason why Mariko hates men of all kinds.
Hisako attempts to take care of Mariko as much as she can while ignoring her own troubles, but while Mariko loves her deeply, her forceful personality sometimes is too much to handle.
Rei Asaka has a deep love for Fukiko Ichinomiya which can be seen as incestuous due to later revelations about their actual relationship and early interactions with each other.
Lesbianism is mentioned due to heavy overtones of female interaction at an all girls school, as well as Nanako's romantic feelings towards Rei, and Mariko's feelings towards Kaoru.
The series was dubbed and released in Italy, Spain, Arabia and France, though it was pulled after seven episodes in France, due to strong adult content.
A Greek version is also known to have existed, with its broadcast halted between the commercial breaks in the third episode.
Tambor was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Eileen (born Salzberg), a homemaker, and Bernard Tambor, a flooring contractor.
Tambor is a graduate of Abraham Lincoln High School and San Francisco State University, where he studied acting and then went on to receive a master's degree from Wayne State University.
In an early TV job, an ad for Avis rent-a-car, he was seen running (huffing and puffing) through an airport, mocking O.J.
Tambor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy for his portrayal and thanked the transgender community in his speech.
He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for his performance in season 1 of the show, his first win in 7 Primetime Emmy Award nominations.
For the show's second season, Tambor again received positive reviews, as well as a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, and wins for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series.
Following allegations of sexual harassment, Tambor said he will not return for the show's fifth season, which was later confirmed on February 15, 2018 when Amazon confirmed to Deadline that Tambor was not coming back and that the harassment investigation was recently concluded.
What has become clear over the past weeks, however, is that this is no longer the job I signed up for four years ago.
I've already made clear my deep regret if any action of mine was ever misinterpreted by anyone as being aggressive, but the idea that I would deliberately harass anyone is simply and utterly untrue.
The show's team has supported Tambor in his defense against the allegations and affirmed his scenes will remain within the show.
He and his wife Kasia have son Gabriel Kasper, younger daughter Eve Julia, and twin sons Hugo Bernard and Eli Nicholas, born on October 4, 2009.
The Sharpstown scandal was a stock fraud scandal in the state of Texas in 1971 and 1972 involving the highest levels of the state government.
The scandal revolved around Houston banker and insurance company manager Frank Sharp and his companies, the Sharpstown State Bank and the National Bankers Life Insurance Corporation (NBL).
Sharp granted US $600,000 in loans from his bank to state officials who would, in turn, purchase stock in National Bankers Life, to be resold later at a huge profit, after Sharp artificially inflated the company's value.
One of the victims of the scandal, Strake Jesuit College Preparatory, lost $6,000,000 and a portion of the school's land following the advice of Sharp.
Using the stock as encouragement, Sharp pushed for legislation that would benefit National Bankers Life, increasing the value of the company to its investors; the very people who would push the legislation through.
The scheme succeeded in generating profits for the investors on the order of a quarter of a million dollars, but the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) stepped in early in 1971, filing criminal and civil charges against former state attorney general Waggoner Carr, former state insurance commissioner John Osorio, Frank Sharp, and a number of others.
Allegations of bribery to push the favorable bills through the government spread to House Speaker Gus Mutscher, Jr., State Representative Tommy Shannon, state Democratic chairman and state banking board member Elmer Baum, Lieutenant Governor Ben Barnes and even Governor Preston Smith.
The coalition of thirty Democrats and Republicans, conservatives and liberals, has been given credit for keeping the Sharpstown stock fraud scandal alive as a political issue.
Mutscher, Shannon and Rush McGinty (one of Mutscher's aides) were indicted by the SEC in late 1971 and tried in Abilene in 1972.
Sharp was also found guilty of violating federal banking and securities laws and was sentenced to three years' probation and a $5,000 fine.
Mutscher later successfully appealed the charges and after the scandal had calmed down, successfully ran for County Judge of Washington County and currently works as a political consultant and lobbyist.
Although none of the other elected officials were found guilty, the damage had already been done to the two Democratic politicians.
1972 was an election year and everyone who was remotely connected to the scandal was defeated by more moderate Democrats, Republicans or other reform candidates.
Smith, who called the special session to consider the NBL-favorable legislation and then sold his NBL stock for a $62,500 profit before vetoing the legislation, was defeated in the primaries by businessman Dolph Briscoe of Uvalde.
Attorney General Crawford Martin, who in 1967 issued a legal opinion that was said to have allowed a 2,200% increase in the bank's capitalization, was also defeated in the Democratic Primary for renomination by John L. Hill.
The final impact of the stock fraud scandal on Texas politics occurred during the regular session of the legislature in 1973.
The lawmakers, led by new House Speaker Marion Price Daniel, Jr., of Liberty, a moderate and son of a former governor, with active support from Attorney General Hill and Lieutenant Governor Hobby and with verbal encouragement from Governor Briscoe, passed a series of far-reaching reform laws.
Among other subjects, the legislation required state officials to disclose their sources of income, forced candidates to make public more details about their campaign finances, opened up most governmental records to citizen scrutiny, expanded the requirement for open meetings of governmental policy-making agencies, and imposed new disclosure regulations on paid lobbyists.
Originally from the Italian region of Emilia (in particular Bologna and Modena), they are usually stuffed with a mix of meat (pork loin, raw prosciutto, Mortadella), Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, egg and nutmeg.
While in the area of origin they are usually sold fresh or home-made, industrially packed, dried and refrigerated or frozen tortellini appear in many locations around the world, especially where there are large Italian communities.
Tortelloni is pasta in a similar shape, but larger, typically 5 g, vs. 2 g for tortellini, and with the extremities closed differently.
Moreover, while tortellini are traditionally cooked in and served with broth, tortelloni are cooked in water, stir-fried (traditionally with butter and sage) and served dry.
In physics, the magnetomotive force (mmf) is a quantity appearing in the equation for the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, often called Ohm's law for magnetic circuits.
The SI unit of mmf is the ampere, the same as the unit of current (analogously the units of emf and voltage are both the volt).
The idea of a magnetic analogy to electromotive force can be found much earlier in the work of Michael Faraday (1791-1867) and it is hinted at by James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879).
According to a review of magnetic circuit analysis methods this is an incorrect attribution originating from an 1885 paper by Hopkinson.
Acting in a way that shows freedom and majesty, many Jews have the custom of filling each other's cups at the Seder table.
The Kiddush is traditionally said by the father of the house, but all Seder participants participate by reciting the Kiddush and drinking at least a majority of a cup of wine.
Technically, according to Jewish law, whenever one partakes of fruit or vegetables dipped in liquid, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet.
However, this situation does not often arise at other times of the year because either one will dry fruits and vegetables before eating them, or one has already washed one's hands, because one must also wash one's hands before eating bread.
According to most traditions, no blessing is recited at this point in the Seder, unlike the blessing recited over the washing of the hands before eating bread.
Three matzot are stacked on the seder table; at this stage, the middle matzah of the three is broken in half.
The need to ask is so great that even if a person is alone at the seder he is obligated to ask himself and to answer his own questions.
The number four derives from the four passages in the Torah where one is commanded to explain the Exodus to one's son.
The Haggadah recommends answering each son according to his question, using one of the three verses in the Torah that refer to this exchange.
One explanation for why this very detailed-oriented question is categorized as wise, is that the wise son is trying to learn how to carry out the seder, rather than asking for someone else's understanding of its meaning.
Where the four sons are illustrated in the Haggadah, this son has frequently been depicted as carrying weapons or wearing stylish contemporary fashions.
The fifth child can represent the children of the Shoah who did not survive to ask a question or represent Jews who have drifted so far from Jewish life that they do not participate in a Seder.
And thou shalt speak and say before the thy God: 'A wandering Aramean was my parent, and they went down into Egypt, and sojourned there, few in number; and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous.
And we cried unto the , the God of our parents, and the heard our voice, and saw our affliction, and our toil, and our oppression.
With the recital of the Ten Plagues, each participant removes a drop of wine from his or her cup using a fingertip.
Although this night is one of salvation, the sages explain that one cannot be completely joyous when some of God's creatures had to suffer.
After this is a declaration (mandated by Rabban Gamliel) of the reasons of the commandments concerning the Paschal lamb, Matzah, and Maror, with scriptural sources.
Then follows a short prayer, and the recital of the first two psalms of Hallel (which will be concluded after the meal).
The blessing for the eating of the maror (bitter herbs) is recited and then it is dipped into the charoset and eaten.
The maror (bitter herb) is placed between two small pieces of matzo, similarly to how the contents of a sandwich are placed between two slices of bread, and eaten.
Note: The Third Cup is customarily poured before the Grace after Meals is recited because the Third Cup also serves as a Cup of Blessing associated with the Grace after Meals on special occasions.
Given that the four cups are in reference to the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6–7, some rabbis felt that it was important to include a fifth cup for the fifth expression of redemption in Exodus 6:8.
All agreed that five cups should be poured but the question as to whether or not the fifth should be drunk, given that the fifth expression of redemption concerned being brought into the Land of Israel, which—by this stage—was no longer possessed of an autonomous Jewish community, remained insoluble.
Over time, people came to relate this cup to the notion that Elijah will visit each home on Seder night as a foreshadowing of his future arrival at the end of the days, when he will come to announce the coming of the Jewish Messiah.
The entire order of Hallel which is usually recited in the synagogue on Jewish holidays is also recited at the Seder table, albeit sitting down.
Although the 15 orders of the Seder have been completed, the Haggadah concludes with additional songs which further recount the miracles that occurred on this night in Ancient Egypt as well as throughout history.
This seemingly childish song about different animals and people who attempted to punish others for their crimes and were in turn punished themselves, was interpreted by the Vilna Gaon as an allegory of the retribution God will levy over the enemies of the Jewish people at the end of days.
Following the Seder, those who are still awake may recite the Song of Songs, engage in Torah learning, or continue talking about the events of the Exodus until sleep overtakes them.
It could not have been written earlier than the time of Rabbi Yehudah bar Elaay (circa 170 CE) who is the last tanna to be quoted therein.
According to most Talmudic commentaries Rav and Shmuel argued on the compilation of the Haggadah, and hence it had not been completed as of then.
There is a dispute, however, to which Rav Nachman, the Talmud was referring: According to some commentators, this was Rav Nachman bar Yaakov (circa 280 CE), while others maintain this was Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak (360 CE).
However, the Malbim, along with a minority of commentators, believe that Rav and Shmuel were not arguing on its compilation, but rather on its interpretation, and hence it was completed before then.
v. 7), was sung at the sacrifice in the Temple in Jerusalem, and of which, according to the school of Shammai, only the first chapter shall be recited.
In post-Talmudic times, during the era of the Geonim, selections from midrashim were added; most likely Rabbi Amram Gaon (c. 850) was the originator of the present collection, as he was the redactor of the daily liturgy in the siddur.
Of these midrashim one of the most important is that of the four children, representing four different attitudes towards why Jews should observe Passover.
Other rabbinic quotes from the aggadah literature are added, as the story of R. Eliezer, who discussed the Exodus all night with four other rabbis, which tale is found in an altogether different form in the Tosefta.
It is believed that the first printed Haggadot were produced in 1482, in Guadalajara, Spain; however, this is mostly conjecture, as there is no printer's colophon.
Although the Jewish printing community was quick to adopt the printing press as a means of producing texts, the general adoption rate of printed Haggadot was slow.
It is not until the nineteenth century, when 1,269 separate editions were produced, that a significant shift is seen toward printed Haggadot as opposed to manuscripts.
While the main portions of the text of the Haggadah have remained mostly the same since their original compilation, there have been some additions after the last part of the text.
The text of the Haggadah was never fixed in one, final form, as no rabbinic body existed which had authority over such matters.
A variety of traditional texts took on a standardized form by the end of the medieval era on the Ashkenazi (Eastern European), Sephardic (Spanish-Portuguese) and Mizrahi (Jews of North Africa and the Middle east) community.
During the era of the Enlightenment the European Jewish community developed into groups which reacted in different ways to modifications of the Haggadah.
It is not uncommon, particularly in America, for haggadot to be produced by corporate entities, such as coffee maker Maxwell House – see Maxwell House Haggadah – serving as texts for the celebration of Passover, but also as marketing tools and ways of showing that certain foods are kosher.
The earliest Ashkenazi illuminated Haggada is known as the Birds' Head Haggadah, made in Germany around the 1320s and now in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
It was written and illuminated in Catalonia in the 14th century and is an example of the cross-fertilisation between Jewish and non-Jewish artists within the medium of manuscript illumination.
In spring and summer 2012 it was exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, in the exhibition 'The Rylands Haggadah: Medieval Jewish Art in Context'.
Meant to accompany the Passover eve service and festive meal, it was also a status symbol for its owner in 14th-century Spain.
Published in 1526, the Prague Haggadah is known for its attention to detail in lettering and introducing many of the themes still found in modern texts.
Although illustrations had often been a part of the Haggadah, it was not until the Prague Haggadah that they were used extensively in a printed text.
Officially known simply as , Ise Jingū is a shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, and .
Besides Naikū and Gekū, there are an additional 123 Shinto shrines in Ise City and the surrounding areas, 91 of them connected to Naikū and 32 to Gekū.
Access to both sites is strictly limited, with the common public not allowed beyond sight of the thatched roofs of the central structures, hidden behind four tall wooden fences.
The two main shrines of Ise are joined by a pilgrimage road that passes through the old entertainment district of Furuichi.
The chief priest or priestess of Ise Shrine must come from the Imperial House of Japan and is responsible for watching over the Shrine.
Miwa in modern Nara Prefecture in search of a permanent location to worship the goddess Amaterasu, wandering for 20 years through the regions of Ohmi and Mino.
Before Yamatohime-no-mikoto's journey, Amaterasu had been worshiped at the imperial residence in Yamato, then briefly at Kasanui in the eastern Nara basin.
Besides the traditional establishment date of 4 BC, other dates of the 3rd and 5th centuries have been put forward for the establishment of Naikū and Gekū respectively.
The first shrine building at Naikū was erected by Emperor Tenmu (678-686), with the first ceremonial rebuilding being carried out by his wife, Empress Jitō, in 692.
From the late 7th century until the 14th century, the role of chief priestess of Ise Shrine was carried out by a female member of the Imperial House of Japan known as a saiō.
During the Empire of Japan and the establishment of State Shinto, the position of chief priest of the Ise Shrine was fulfilled by the reigning emperor and the Meiji, Taisho and Shōwa Emperors all played the role of chief priest during their reigns.
Since the disestablishment of State Shinto during the Occupation of Japan, the offices of chief priest and most sacred priestess have been held by former members of the imperial family or their descendants.
In 2012, Ikeda was joined by her niece Sayako Kuroda, sole daughter of Emperor Emeritus Akihito, to serve as a high priestess under her.
The architectural style of the Ise shrine is known as shinmei-zukuri, characterized by extreme simplicity and antiquity: its basic principles date back to the Kofun period (250-538 C.E.).
The shrine buildings use a special variant of this style called , which may not be used in the construction of any other shrine.
The old shrines are dismantled and new ones built on an adjacent site to exacting specifications every 20 years at exorbitant expense, so that the buildings will be forever new and forever ancient and original.
Built on pillars set directly in the ground, the shrine building measures 10.9 by 5.5 meters and includes a raised floor, verandas all the way around the building and a staircase leading to a single central doorway.
The roof is made of thatched reed with ten billets (katsuogi) located on the ridge of the roof, the bargeboards of which project beyond the roof to form the distinctive forked finials (chigi) at the ends of the ridge.
The chigi on the roof of the Naikū are flat on top, rather than pointed, which serves as a distinction for the gender of the deity being represented.
In the case of Ise, Amaterasu, a female deity, is represented at the shrine, which is why the chigi are flat.
The katsuogi, chigi and munamochi-bashira are stylised forms of older storehouse building techniques that pre-date the introduction of Buddhist architecture in Japan.
The empty site beside the shrine building, the site where the previous shrine once stood and where the next will be built, is called the kodenchi.
This area is strewn with large white pebbles and is left totally empty apart from the oi-ya, a small wooden hut containing a wooden pole a little over 2 metres in height called the shin-no-mihashira (new sacred central pole).
When a new shrine is built, it is built around the sacred central pole before the removal of the oi-ya, so that the central pole is never seen.
The central pole of the old shrine will then have a new oi-ya erected so that the shin-no-mihashira also remains unseen.
The shrine buildings at Naikū and Gekū, as well as the Uji Bridge, are rebuilt every 20 years as a part of the Shinto belief of the death and renewal of nature and the impermanence of all things and as a way of passing building techniques from one generation to the next.
Although the goal of Sengū is to get the shrine built within the 20-year period, there have been some instances, especially because of war, where the shrine building process is postponed or delayed.
However, it is believed that it serves to maintain the longevity of the shrine, or possibly as a gesture to the deity enclosed within the shrine.
Historically, this cyclical reconstruction has been practiced for many years in various shrines throughout Japan, meaning that it is not a process exclusive to Ise.
The entire reconstruction process takes more or less 17 years, with the initial years focusing on project organization and general planning, and the last 8 years focusing on the physical construction of the shrine.
The shrine was not originally constructed with gold copper adornments, however, because of advancements in technology as well as Buddhist influence, it gained them over the years.
Initially, the shrine was constructed of locally sourced Hinoki wood, which served as an ideal building material due to its physical properties.
The abundance of local Hinoki wood was short lived, and the shrine currently obtains the wood through other domestic producers, who ensure that only the best wood is being used for the construction.
Before the wood is usable in building the shrine, it must be put through a lengthy seasoning and drying process where it is in a pond for several years and then dried.
Since many of the building techniques haven't changed since the creation of the Ise Shrine, the workers who are hired to build the shrine must be skilled in specific techniques.
The unit of workers also is organized around relative skill levels, and less experienced workers will work on smaller tasks than more experienced workers.
Specialized work and the specific materials come with a cost, in 2013, the shrine was built from private donations alone, totaling 57 billion Japanese Yen (US$550 million).
In August, in a long-standing tradition, the people who live in Ise are allowed to enter the area around the Inner Sanctum of the Naiku as well as the Geku.
Each participant gets two white stones in a white handkerchief and these allow them to place the stones in the area around the Inner Sanctum.
Other villages drag a huge wooden car or Noburi Kuruma laden with white stones to the Uji bridge at the entrance of the grounds of the Naiku.
The entire tradition is called Shiraisshiki and it is very colourful with every participant wearing a 'happi' coat representing a particular village.
The rebuilding of the main shrine takes place on a site adjacent to the old, and each rebuilding alternates between the two sites.
The Okihiki Festival is held in the spring over two consecutive years and involves people from surrounding towns dragging huge wooden logs through the streets of Ise to Naikū and Gekū.
A year after the completion of the Okihiki festival, carpenters begin preparing the wood for its eventual use in the Shrine.
From the late seventh century, when the festivals and offerings of Ise Shrine became more formalised, a number of annual events have been performed at both Naikū and Gekū.
The Tsukinamisai, which was held in June and December, as well as the Kannamesai Festival in September, were the only three offerings performed by the Saiō, an imperial princess who served as high priestess of the shrine until the 14th century.
Kannamesai, where prayers for fair weather and sufficient rains are made, is held twice a year in May and August at both Naikū and Gekū.
Besides the agricultural ceremonies already mentioned, ceremonies and festivals are held throughout the year at both Naikū and Gekū to celebrate things such as the new year, the foundation of Japan, the past emperors, purification rituals for priests and court musicians, good sake fermentation and the Emperor's birthday.
The official name of the main shrine of Naikū is Kotaijingu and is the place of worship of the goddess Amaterasu.
This 100 meter wooden bridge, built in a traditional Japanese style, stretches across the Isuzu River at the entrance of Naikū.
The bridge is typically built by carpenters with less experience to gain more skills before moving on to take on the task of working on the main shrine.
On crossing the bridge, the path turns to the right along the banks of the Isuzu river and passes through large landscaped gardens.
After crossing a short, wide bridge, pilgrims to the shrine encounter the Temizusha, a small, roofed structure containing a pool of water for use in ritual purification.
Visitors are encouraged to wash their hands and rinse their mouths at Temizusha as a symbolic act to clean the mind and body of impurity.
After passing the first large torii gate, the Purification Hall (Saikan), and the hall for visitors from the imperial household (Anzaisho) is located to the left.
They are required to spend one or two nights to free their minds of worldly issues, partaking in baths and eating meals cooked with the sacred fire.
This hall for special prayer, located just after the second large torii gate, is open to the public for the offering of individual prayers to the kami, the giving of donations and the purchase of special talisman of protection, amulets and hanging scrolls of Amaterasu Omikami.
Rice and other offerings cooked on the sacred fire are stored in a box made of Japanese cypress, then purified at the Haraedo immediately in front of the Imibiyaden before being offered to the kami.
Visitors are supposed to keep to the sides of the path as the middle is set aside for the goddess Amaterasu.
Kotai Jingū is said to hold the Sacred Mirror, one of three Imperial Regalia of Japan said to have been given to the first Emperor by the gods.
From a path that follows the line of the outer wall, the distinctive roof of the shrine building can be seen through the trees.
In front of the walled shrine compound can be seen an open area which was the location of the rebuilding of the shrine in 2013.
The popularity of making a trip to Ise resulted in vast networks and groups of travelers, which ultimately led to businesses working to capitalize off of this influx of interest for the shrine.
Travel guidebooks were made to aid travelers in their navigation, as well to let them know of specific important places to visit while at Ise.
They also included woodblock prints of the shrine that were very appealing to those who had made the long trek to the shrine.
It was seen as a purification process, and by visiting Ise, pilgrims were purified and aided in receiving a good afterlife.
It also was seen as a vacation, the journey to the shrine itself being almost as important as actually getting there.
In the 21st Century, Ise is still an important destination both to foreign tourists and especially to the Japanese community; 9 million Japanese tourists visited the shrine in 2013.
The station has an island platform and a side platform with three tracks on the third basement level, parallel to Namba Station on the Osaka Metro Sennichimae Line.
Dolph Briscoe Jr. (April 23, 1923 – June 27, 2010) was an American rancher and businessman who was the 41st Governor of Texas between 1973 and 1979.
Because of his re-election following an amendment to the Texas Constitution doubling the Governor's term to four years, Briscoe became both the last governor to serve a two-year term and the first to serve a four-year term.
A lifelong resident of Uvalde, Briscoe was first elected to the Texas Legislature in 1948 and served as a state representative from 1949 to 1957.
As part of the reform movement in state politics stemming from the Sharpstown scandal, Briscoe won election as governor in 1972.
During his six years as governor, Briscoe presided during a period of reform in state government as Texas's population and commerce boomed.
He is recognized as having been one of the leading citizens of the state and a benevolent supporter of many civic, cultural, and educational institutions in Texas and the nation.
Most recently before his death the former Texas governor established the Dolph and Janey Briscoe Fund for Texas History at the University of Texas at Austin.
He was also the last Democratic Texan to be re-elected to the Governor's Mansion with his reelection landslide victory in 1974; fellow Democratic governors Mark White and Ann Richards lost their re-election bids respectively, in 1986 and 1994.
Dolph Briscoe Jr., was born on April 23, 1923 to Dolph Sr. (September 1, 1890 – July 15, 1954) and Georgie Briscoe (October 1, 1888 – December 2, 1974).
After graduation from the University of Texas in 1943 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, Briscoe enlisted as a private in the United States Army.
Thanks to his father's friendship with Governor Ross Sterling, the young Briscoe traveled to Austin and the Texas Governor's Mansion in 1932.
Briscoe counted Vice President John Nance Garner, President Lyndon Baines Johnson, House Speaker Sam Rayburn, and Governor Sterling as his political mentors.
Briscoe's first step into elective politics began with a race for state representative in the Texas House of Representatives in 1948.
When his father died in 1954, Briscoe returned home to head the family ranching business instead of running for a fifth term.
Upon his father's death in 1954, Dolph Briscoe Jr. became the owner and manager of one of the largest and most diverse ranches in Texas.
As the youngest person to become president of the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association in 1960, Briscoe and the organization raised $3 million in voluntary contributions to the federal and state governments to launch a screwworm eradication program in Texas and the Southwest.
Livestock growers consider the program to be the most important and beneficial development in the history of the industry, saving livestock producers millions of dollars annually.
At the time of his death Briscoe was still active in all phases of cattle ranching and was serving as senior chairman of the board of First State Bank of Uvalde.
In 1968, Briscoe attempted to reenter the political arena, when he joined a list of candidates seeking to replace retiring Texas Gov.
Smith won the runoff and then defeated Republican Paul Eggers of Wichita Falls (and later Dallas) by a margin of 57 percent to 43 percent in the November general election and was subsequently re-elected defeating Eggers in their 1970 rematch, 53 percent to 46 percent.
After his victory in the Democratic primary, Briscoe narrowly defeated the Republican candidate, State Senator Henry Grover of Houston, in the November 1972 general election.
The Raza Unida Party candidate, 29-year-old Ramsey Muñiz, received 214,118 votes (6 percent), nearly all believed to have been at Briscoe's expense.
Notably, Briscoe won his contest even as President Richard Nixon easily defeated Democratic nominee George McGovern by nearly a two-to-one margin in Texas.
As the governor elected during a period of social unrest and skepticism about the motives of elected officials, he helped restore integrity to a state government fallen into disgrace as a result of the Sharpstown scandals.
Briscoe's terms as governor led to a landmark events and achievements, including the most extensive ethics and financial disclosure bill in state history, passage of the Open Meetings and Open Records legislation, and strengthened laws regulating lobbyists.
Briscoe added $4 billion in new state funds for public education and higher education, increased teacher salaries by the highest percentage in history, and raised salaries for state employees as well.
He expanded services to handicapped Texans by the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation, and established the first toll-free hotline for runaway children.
He appointed a larger number of women and minorities to positions in Texas state government than any previous governor, appointed the first African American members to state boards, and named the first African American district judge.
No new state taxes were passed during Briscoe's terms as governor, making him the first governor since World War II to hold the line on both new state taxes or increasing existing ones.
As governor, he focused on the maintenance and efficiency of existing government agencies as opposed to the creation of new ones.
Dolph Briscoe also advocated a reduction of the state speed limit to 55 mph in the aftermath of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo.
In the 1974 general electionthe first for a four-year term in Texas since 1873Briscoe defeated the Republican nominee, former Lubbock Mayor Jim Granberry, by a wide margin and carried 247 out of 254 counties.
Briscoe's second term began on January 21, 1975, making him the first Texas governor to serve a full four-year term during his six years in office.
Republican Edmund J. Davis had served a four-year term from 1869 to 1873, but there were no two-year terms at the time of his tenure under the Texas Constitution of 1869.
He said that the proposals before the legislature, acting as a constitutional convention in 1974, and later, in 1975, before the voters, would cause expansion of government and weaken the executive branch, already considered too weak by most political scientists.
In addition to his accomplishments as governor, Briscoe served as chairman of the Southern Governors Association, presided over the Interstate Oil Compact Commission, served on the National Petroleum Council, and was on the executive committee of the National Governor's Association.
Briscoe appointed Charles Schreiner, III, a Kerr County rancher-businessman and a grandson of legendary cattle baron Charles Schreiner, to the board of the Lower Colorado River Authority.
Briscoe announced his intentions to seek a third term in the upcoming 1978 gubernatorial elections in a bid to become the state's first governor to serve 10 years in office.
While he attracted a loyal group of admirers, he also made enemies inside the Texas Democratic Party, the majority of whom had remained unimpressed with his leadership over his six years in office.
Some results on election night alarmed the party faithful with results showing Briscoe trailing Grover, results that caused many to question Briscoe's effectiveness.
State Rep. Walt Parker of Denton echoed the sentiments of many in a 1973 interview about the lack of enthusiasm on Briscoe's performance.
When a scandal broke out over the management of the Office of Migrant Affairs, an organization run by the governor's office through federal funds, many believed Briscoe's days as governor were numbered as a rebellion simmered within the Democratic ranks.
Relying heavily on an appointments secretary on securing the names of upstanding Texans to serve in these positions, Briscoe didn't notice a horrifying mistake the secretary made.
During his successful 1974 reelection campaign, Briscoe fought both aggressively and bitterly back against the Raza Unida Party to try to destroy the organization and prevent the movement from spreading beyond South Texas.
As a result of the political backlash against his policies over racial, educational and economic issues, Briscoe was defeated in the Democratic primary on May 6, 1978 by then-Texas Attorney General John Hill, who garnered 932,245 votes and (52.4 percent) to Briscoe's 753,309 votes and (42.4 percent) with former Governor Preston Smith receiving 92,202 votes and (5.2 percent).
In the November general election, Hill was very narrowly defeated for the Texas governorship by Republican Bill Clements, who polled 1,183,828 votes (49.96 percent) to Hill's 1,166,919 votes (49.24 percent).
Some say the bitterness of the nasty Democratic gubernatorial primary between Briscoe and Hill led to Texas Democrats losing their control of the Governor's Mansion after 105 years of Democratic dominance.
Briscoe left the Texas Governor's Mansion on January 16, 1979 after six years in office and returned to the ranching and banking business in his hometown of Uvalde.
The former governor was also active in the philanthropic community, having given several million dollars to various Texas institutions, mostly centered in and around the San Antonio area.
In 2006, he gave a sizeable gift to the Witte Museum, a local gallery which features exhibits specifically geared towards Children.
In 2008 he donated $5 million to the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio in support of cardiology research and women's health.
Also, that year, he donated $15 million to the Center for American History, which was subsequently renamed the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History and for which he served on the Advisory Council.
In June 2008, Briscoe donated $1.2 million in memory of his late granddaughter, Kate Marmion, to found the Kate Marmion Regional Cancer Medical Center.
The CMC will serve patients of southwest Texas counties (Uvalde, Real, Zavala, Edwards, Medina, Maverick, Val Verde, Dimmit and Kinney) who otherwise would have to drive to San Antonio for radiation therapy.
Briscoe died on the evening of June 27, 2010 at his home in Uvalde, Texas following complications of heart and kidney failure at the age of 87.
In 2011, the Garner Museum in Uvalde, part of the Briscoe Center of American History at the University of Texas at Austin, was renamed the Briscoe-Garner Museum, and the second floor converted for commemoration of Briscoe's life and career.
Synchronized skating is a sport where between eight and sixteen figure skaters (depending on the level) perform together as a team.
Synchronized skating grew rapidly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and today there are approximately 600 synchro teams in the United States alone.
Like any other discipline of figure skating, there are many different levels in U.S. figure skating at which synchronized skaters can compete.
These levels include: Snowplow Sam Synchro, Synchro Skills 1, 2, and 3, Preliminary, Pre-juvenile, Open Juvenile, Juvenile, Intermediate, Novice, Junior, Senior, Open Collegiate, Collegiate, Adult, Open Adult, Open Masters, and Masters.
Each level performs a free-skate program that requires elements such as circles, lines, blocks, wheels, intersections, No holds, and, at higher levels, lifts.
In the Junior and Senior divisions, teams are required to perform a free-skate, also known as long program, as well as a short program.
Generally, the short program is more technical in nature, where the free skating program is longer and provides an opportunity to showcase expression, emotion and interpretation.
Preliminary, pre-juvenile, open-juvenile, open-collegiate and open-adult can compete at the same competitions as well the Eastern, Midwestern or Pacific Coast Synchronized Skating Sectional Championships.
Teams at the juvenile, intermediate, novice, junior, senior, collegiate, adult or masters are permitted to compete at all competitions listed above.
However, at their respective sectional championship a placement in the top four earns them a spot at the U.S. Synchronized Skating Championships.
Junior level teams compete in a world qualifying competition where the top two teams attend the Junior World Synchronized Skating Championships.
At the senior level teams compete at nationals for a spot at the World Synchronized Skating Championships, the top two teams attend.
As stated above, a synchronized routine may consist of straight line sequences, wheels, blocks, circle step sequences, or also moves in isolation.
Moves in isolation are when one or more skaters separates from the rest of the group and performs freestyle type moves.
For example, three skaters may separate and go into sit spins, while the rest of the team is in a circle formation.
Novice, Junior, and Senior programs also include moves in the fields where the whole team does moves such as bellman spirals, 170 spirals, unsupported spirals, spread eagles or bauers connected.
In 1956, the first synchronized skating team was formed by Dr. Richard Porter, who became known as the 'father of synchronized skating'.
The 'Hockettes' skated out of Ann Arbor, Michigan and entertained spectators during intermissions of the University of Michigan Wolverines hockey team.
In the early days, precision skating (as it was then called) resembled a drill team routine, or a precision dance company such as The Rockettes.
As each season passed, more and more teams were developing more creative and innovative routines incorporating stronger basic skating skills, new maneuvers and more sophisticated transitions with greater speed, style and agility.
Due to the enormous interest in the sport in North America, the first official international competition was held between Canadian and American teams in Michigan in March 1976.
The top junior teams from around the world competed from 2001 to 2012 at the ISU Junior World Challenge Cup (JWCC), held in a different location every year.
The JWCC were accompanied in 2013 by the ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships, to be held biannually in odd-numbered years with the JWCC in even-numbered years.
Other long-running, major international events attracting elite teams at different levels include the French Cup, Spring Cup, Neuchâtel Trophy, Cup of Berlin, Zagreb Snowflakes Trophy, Leon Lurje Trophy and Prague Cup.
Held since 2000, the WSSC is an annual event organized by the International Skating Union and attracts the most elite teams from around the world to compete.
The top positions have been dominated by Finland with three different World Champions (Marigold IceUnity, Rockettes and Team Unique) and 19 medals and Sweden with the team (Team Surprise) with most World titles and medals for a single team.
Other major countries include Canada with two gold, four silvers and five bronzes (for NEXXICE, Les Suprêmes and the now-discontinued Black Ice), as well as the United States with one silver and four bronzes (for Miami University and Haydenettes, respectively).
The Finnish member of ISU, the Finnish Figure Skating Association, holds the Finnish Synchronized Skating Championships at the novice, junior and senior levels.
Since the late 1990s, the senior-level battle for the qualifier wins and Finnish Championship—and the ensuing ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships (WSSC) entries—has mainly been fought between three teams from Helsinki, Marigold IceUnity, Rockettes and Team Unique, while a fourth and sometimes a fifth senior team has competed along in the intervening years.
Throughout the years, the Finnish senior teams qualifying for the World Championships have been selected based on their performance at the two qualifiers and the national championships.
In the season 2012–13, the teams were selected as follows: the Finnish Champion qualified automatically as Team Finland 1 for the WSSC.
Team Finland 2 at the WSSC was the team which earned the fewest points from the first qualifier, the second qualifier and the Finnish Championships.
The points equaled the sum of the positions at the three competitions with growing coefficients: the coefficient was 0,3 for the first competition result, 0,5 for the second and 1 for the last.
Sanctioned by the USFSA, the divisions include Beginner, Pre-Juvenile, Preliminary, Open Juvenile, Open Collegiate, and Open Adult (the non-qualifying divisions/ the divisions that do not go to Nationals) and Juvenile, Intermediate, Novice, Junior, Senior, Collegiate, Adult, and Masters (qualifying levels).
ISI (Ice Skating Institute) is another governing body which focuses on a more recreational form of competition and does not have the same divisions as those of the USFSA.
Youth, Teen, Collegiate, Adult, or Master age groups, in any of five categories: Formation, Advanced Formation, Skating, Open Skating, and Dance.
The Collegiate team level consists of teams with 12-20 skaters who must be enrolled in a college or degree program as full-time students.
Many more have developed club-level collegiate teams without varsity status such as the team at The University of Delaware and the University of Michigan.
Fans and participants of this fast-growing discipline have begun to strive for recognition by the rest of the skating and athletic world.
In 2007 synchronized skating took one step closer to Olympic Games contention when it was selected to be part of the Universiade or World University Games as a demonstration sport.
The competitive levels of synchronized skating, like those in other disciplines of figure skating, are now judged using the ISU Judging System that was introduced in 2004.
Each element is assigned a difficulty level by the technical panel made-up of a technical specialist, assistant technical specialist and a technical controller.
The base value is the number of points that are awarded for an executed element before the grade of execution or any deductions are applied.
The base value for every element can be found on the ISU website under ISU Communication 1532, Appendix D. Judges assign a grade of execution from -3 to +3 to each of the elements.
For each element, the highest and lowest GOE values are dropped and the rest are averaged then added to the base value.
The panel's points for each program component are multiplied by the factors: .8 for the short program, 1.6 for the junior, senior and collegiate free skate and 1.0 for intermediate, novice and adult.
In the United States, the introductory levels of Preliminary, Pre-Juvenile, Open Juvenile, Open Junior, Open Collegiate, Open Adult, and Open Masters are still judged under the 6.0 judging system.
Choline is the major lipotrope in mammals and other known lipotropes are important only insofar as they contribute to the synthesis of choline.
Without lipotropics, such as choline and inositol, fats and bile can become trapped in the liver, causing severe problems such as cirrhosis and blocking fat metabolism.
In functional programming, a monad is a design pattern that allows structuring programs generically while automating away boilerplate code needed by the program logic.
This allows monads to simplify a wide range of problems, like handling potential undefined values (with the codice_1 monad), or keeping values within a flexible, well-formed list (using the codice_2 monad).
With a monad, a programmer can turn a complicated sequence of functions into a succinct pipeline that abstracts away auxiliary data management, control flow, or side-effects.
Both the concept of a monad and the term originally come from category theory, where it is defined as a functor with additional structure.
Research beginning in the late 1980s and early 1990s established that monads could bring seemingly disparate computer-science problems under a unified, functional model.
Category theory also provides a few formal requirements, known as the monad laws, which should be satisfied by any monad and can be used to verify monadic code.
Some languages, such as Haskell, even offer pre-built definitions in their core libraries for the general monad structure and common instances.
Each function call transforms its input plain type value, and the bind operator handles the returned monadic value, which is fed into the next step in the sequence.
Between each pair of composed function calls, the bind operator codice_10 can inject into the monadic value codice_4 some additional information that is not accessible within the function codice_11, and pass it along down the pipeline.
It can also exert finer control of the flow of execution, for example by calling the function only under some conditions, or executing the function calls in a particular order.
The first step towards this goal might be to create an option type that will mark a value as either carrying a value of some type codice_19 (codice_19 can be any type) or carrying no value.
The new type will be called codice_21 and values of that type can either contain a value of type codice_19, or be the empty value codice_23.
This is done to avoid confusion by differentiating between cases where a variable carries a defined value and those where it does not.
Another improvement would be if a function could manage simple checked exceptions with a codice_1 type, short-circuiting and returning codice_23 once a step fails, but returning the correct value without comment if a calculation succeeds.
Writing functions that process codice_1 values case-by-case can be tedious though, and will only become more so as more functions are defined.
An operation to chain steps together is one way to alleviate this, and with an infix operator like codice_47, it can even intuitively represent feeding the (possibly undefined) result from each step into the next.
For one, the only role that codice_51 plays in codice_42 is to tag an underlying value as also being a codice_1 value.
These functions can, in fact, apply to any values and functions of the codice_1 type, regardless of the underlying values' types.
While other monads will embody different logical processes, and some may have extra properties, all of them will have three similar components (directly or indirectly) that follow the basic outline of this example.
The more common definition for a monad in functional programming, used in the above example, is actually based on a Kleisli triple rather than category theory's standard definition.
Whatever language or default programming paradigm a developer uses, following the monad pattern brings many of the benefits of purely functional programming.
By reifying a specific kind of computation, a monad not only encapsulates the tedious details of that computational pattern, but it does so in a declarative way, improving the code's clarity.
However, it should be stressed that monads do not actually order computations; even in languages that use them as central features, simpler function composition can arrange steps within a program.
Some monads can pass along extra data that is inaccessible to functions, and some even exert finer control over execution, for example only calling a function under certain conditions.
Because they let application programmers implement domain logic while offloading boilerplate code onto pre-developed modules, monads can even be considered a tool for aspect-oriented programming.
With monads though, much of this scaffolding can be abstracted away, essentially by taking each recurring pattern in CPS code and bundling it into a distinct monad.
If a language does not support monads by default, it is still possible to implement the pattern, often without much difficulty.
When translated from category-theory to programming terms, the monad structure is a generic concept and can be defined directly in any language that supports an equivalent feature for bounded polymorphism.
A concept's ability to remain agnostic about operational details while working on underlying types is powerful, but the unique features and stringent behavior of monads set them apart from other concepts.
Discussions of specific monads will typically focus on solving a narrow implementation problem since a given monad represents a specific computational form.
The form defined above using , however, was originally described in 1965 by mathematician Heinrich Kleisli in order to prove that any monad could be characterized as an adjunction between two (covariant) functors.
According to programming language researcher Philip Wadler, computer scientist John C. Reynolds anticipated several facets of it in the 1970s and early 1980s, when he discussed the value of continuation-passing style, category theory as a rich source for formal semantics, and the type distinction between values and computations.
The research language Opal, which was actively designed up until 1990, also effectively based I/O on a monadic type, but the connection was not realized at the time.
The computer scientist Eugenio Moggi was the first to explicitly link the monad of category theory to functional programming, in a conference paper in 1989, followed by a more refined journal submission in 1991.
Several others popularized and built on this idea, including Philip Wadler and Simon Peyton Jones, both of whom were involved in the specification of Haskell.
The Haskell community would go on to apply monads to many problems in functional programming, and researchers working with Haskell eventually generalized the monad pattern into a wider hierarchy of structures, including applicative functors and arrows.
At first, programming with monads was largely confined to Haskell and its derivatives, but as functional programming has influenced other paradigms, many languages have incorporated a monad pattern (in spirit if not in name).
Formulations now exist in Scheme, Perl, Python, Racket, Clojure, Scala, F#, and have also been considered for a new ML standard.
Not only can the monad laws be used to check an instance's validity, but features from related structures (like functors) can be used through subtyping.
Returning to the codice_1 example, its components were declared to make up a monad, but no proof was given that it satisfies the monad laws.
Though rarer in computer science, one can use category theory directly, which defines a monad as a functor with two additional natural transformations.
This is not always a major issue, however, especially when a monad is derived from a pre-existing functor, whereupon the monad inherits automatically.
A monad's first transformation is actually the same from the Kleisli triple, but following the hierarchy of structures closely, it turns out characterizes an applicative functor, an intermediate structure between a monad and a basic functor.
In many languages, a list structure comes pre-defined along with some basic features, so a codice_2 type constructor and operator (represented with codice_71 for infix notation) are assumed as already given here.
From here, applying a function iteratively with a list comprehension may seem like an easy choice for and converting lists to a full monad.
Another benefit is that checks can be embedded in the monad; specific paths can be pruned transparently at their first point of failure, with no need to rewrite functions in the pipeline.
For instance, the th complex root of a number should yield distinct complex numbers, but if another th root is then taken of those results, the final values should be identical to the output of the th root.
This is only syntactic sugar that disguises a monadic pipeline as a code block; the compiler will then quietly translate these expressions into underlying functional code.
While convenient, a developer should always remember that this block style is purely syntactic and can be replaced with outwardly monadic (or even non-monadic CPS) expressions.
Using to express the monadic pipeline can still be clearer in many cases, and some functional programming advocates even argue that since block-style allows novices to carry over habits from imperative programming, it should be avoided by default and only used when obviously superior.
Every monad needs a specific implementation that meets the monad laws, but other aspects like the relation to other structures or standard idioms within a language are shared by all monads.
As a result, a language or library may provide a general codice_84 interface with function prototypes, subtyping relationships, and other general facts.
Besides providing a head-start to development and guaranteeing a new monad inherits features from a supertype (such as functors), checking a monad's design against the interface adds another layer of quality control.
The process could be taken even one step further by defining codice_42 not just for codice_1, but for the whole codice_84 interface.
By doing this, any new monad that matches the structure interface and implements its own will immediately inherit a lifted version of codice_42 too.
An additive monad is a monad endowed with an additional closed, associative, binary operator mplus and an identity element under , called mzero.
In category-theoretic terms, an additive monad qualifies once as a monoid over monadic functions with (as all monads do), and again over monadic values via .
This is where a free monad comes in; as a free object in the category of monads, it can represent monadic structure without any specific constraints beyond the monad laws themselves.
Just as a free monoid concatenates elements without evaluation, a free monad allows chaining computations with markers to satisfy the type system, but otherwise imposes no deeper semantics itself.
The codice_2 monad, on the other hand, is not a free monad since it brings extra, specific facts about lists (like ) into its definition.
A free monad can be used to track syntax and type while leaving semantics for later, and has found use in parsers and interpreters as a result.
Conceptually, if monads represent computations built up from underlying values, then comonads can be seen as reductions back down to values.
In fact, the codice_102 comonad is just the dual of the codice_103 monad and effectively the same as the codice_104 monad (both discussed below).
codice_102 and codice_104 differ only in which function signatures they accept, and how they complement those functions by wrapping or unwrapping values.
A less trivial example is the Stream comonad, which can be used to represent data streams and attach filters to the incoming signals with .
In fact, while not as popular as monads, researchers have found comonads particularly useful for stream processing and modeling dataflow programming.
As an even higher abstraction, arrows can subsume both structures, but finding more granular ways to combine monadic and comonadic code is an active area of research.
Any collection with a proper is already a free monoid, but it turns out that codice_2 is not the only collection that also has a well-defined and qualifies as a monad.
This idea is central to Haskell's IO monad, where an object of type codice_110 can be seen as containing the current state of the world outside the program, and computing a value of type codice_5.
When a programmer binds an codice_114 value to a function, the function makes decisions based on that view of the world (input from users, files, etc.
For example, Haskell has several functions for acting on the wider file system, including one that checks whether a file exists and another that deletes a file.
The first is interested in whether a given file really exists, and as a result, outputs a Boolean value within the codice_114 monad.
The second function, on the other hand, is only concerned with acting on the file system so the codice_114 container it outputs is empty.
To show how the monad pattern is not restricted to primarily functional languages, this example implements a codice_103 monad in JavaScript.
As in a state monad, computations in the environment monad may be invoked by simply providing an environment value and applying it to an instance of the monad.
Formally, a value in an environment monad is equivalent to a function with an additional, anonymous argument; and are equivalent to the and combinators, respectively, in the SKI combinator calculus.
Given any value type, the corresponding type in the state monad is a function which accepts a state, then outputs a new state (of type s) along with a return value (of type t).
Informally, a state monad of state type maps the type of return values into functions of type formula_1, where is the underlying state.
From the category theory point of view, a state monad is derived from the adjunction between the product functor and the exponential functor, which exists in any cartesian closed category by definition.
Unfortunately, this means we can no longer compose codice_124 and codice_125, as their input type codice_133 is not compatible with their output type codice_134.
And although we can again gain composablility by modifying the types of each function to be codice_135, this would require us to add boilerplate code to each function to extract the integer from the tuple, which would get tedious as the number of such functions increases.
codice_9 takes in an integer and string tuple, then takes in a function (like codice_124) that maps from an integer to an integer and string tuple.
Its output is an integer and string tuple, which is the result of applying the input function to the integer within the input integer and string tuple.
Finally, it would be nice to not have to write codice_143 every time we wish to create an empty logging message, where codice_144 is the empty string.
Its opening coincided with the completion of approximately of rail west of the Rosslyn station and the opening of the Court House, Clarendon and Ballston stations.
Thomas Sumter (August 14, 1734 – June 1, 1832) was a soldier in the Colony of Virginia militia; a brigadier general in the South Carolina militia during the American War of Independence, a planter, and a politician.
After the United States gained independence, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives and to the United States Senate, where he served from 1801 to 1810, when he retired.
The purpose of the expedition was to visit the Overhill Cherokee towns and renew friendship with the Cherokee People following the war.
The small expeditionary party consisted of Sumter (who was partially financing the venture with borrowed money), Timberlake, an interpreter named John McCormack, and a servant.
According to Timberlake's journal, at one point early in the nearly year and a half long journey, Sumter swam nearly a half-mile in the icy waters to retrieve their canoe, which had drifted away while they were exploring a cave.
In the following weeks, Sumter and the group attended peace ceremonies in several Overhill towns, such as Chota, Citico, and Chilhowee.
The party returned to Williamsburg, Virginia, accompanied by several Beloved Men of the Cherokee, arriving on the James River in early April 1762.
While in Williamsburg, Ostenaco professed a desire to meet the king of England, and in May 1762, Sumter traveled to England with Timberlake and three distinguished Cherokee leaders, including Ostenaco.
When his friend and fellow soldier, Joseph Martin, arrived in Staunton, Martin asked to spend the night with Sumter in jail.
In February 1776, Sumter was elected lieutenant colonel of the Second Regiment of the South Carolina Line of which he was later appointed colonel.
He participated in several battles in the early months of the war, including the campaign to prevent an invasion of Georgia.
Perhaps his greatest military achievement was his partisan campaigning, which contributed to Lord Cornwallis' decision to abandon the Carolinas for Virginia.
After the Revolutionary War, Sumter was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, serving from March 4, 1789 to March 3, 1793 and from March 4, 1797 to December 15, 1801.
He later served in the United States Senate, having been selected by the legislature to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Charles Pinckney.
Sumter's son, Thomas Sumter Jr., served in Rio de Janeiro from 1810 to 1819 as the United States Ambassador to the Portuguese Court during its exile to Brazil.
She was raised in New York City from 1794 to 1801 by Vice President Aaron Burr as his ward, alongside his own daughter Theodosia.
His grandson, Colonel Thomas De Lage Sumter, served in the U.S. Army during the Second Seminole War, and later represented South Carolina in the U.S. House of Representatives.
The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter.
After a brief split they reformed in 1988, and a number of times subsequently, with new albums appearing in 1992, 2002, 2011, and 2016.
Other former members include Ronnie Rocker and bassists Ronnie Wooden, Glyn Warren and Tony Feedback (now in Long Tall Shorty and Kiria's live band).
Drummers have included Sticks Warrington (who later joined Cockney Rejects), Paul Thompson (ex-Roxy Music), Chris White, Evoker (who has also played in The Blood, Major Accident and Warfare.
Brian Hayes (also of Blaggers ITA, Long Tall Shorty) originally joined the band as second guitarist until Mond left, leaving Hayes as the only guitarist.
In August 2006, Mensi announced he was resigning, but requested that the band continue with Chris Wright (of the band Crashed Out) on vocals.
The current lineup from 2020 is Mensi on vocals, Mick Robson on guitar, John Woodward on bass and Andy Wilkinson on drums.
She is the daughter of Ivadine, a school teacher, and Leland Long, who worked in the rubber industry before becoming a teacher.
After graduating from South Side High School in Fort Wayne, she studied drama at Northwestern University, but left before graduating to pursue a career in acting and modeling.
This is a list of television and radio stations along with a list of media outlets in and around Toronto, Ontario, Canada, including the Greater Toronto Area.
Toronto is Canada's largest media market, and the fourth-largest market in North America (behind New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago).
The incumbent cable provider in the Toronto area is Rogers Cable, which originally secured the cable franchise for most of the pre-amalgamation city of Toronto, and later purchased the systems in surrounding areas.
Since 2010, Bell Fibe TV (an IPTV terrestrial service operated by Rogers' rival Bell Canada) has been available in most neighbourhoods in the Greater Toronto Area.
American network affiliates on Toronto cable are piped in from Buffalo, New York, including WGRZ (NBC), WIVB (CBS), WKBW-TV (ABC), WUTV (Fox), and WNED-TV (PBS).
Most of Canada's over-the-air and cable television networks also have national operations based in Toronto; for more information, see List of Canadian television channels.
Numerous radio stations licensed to communities outside the City of Toronto are also marketed to the City of Toronto proper, as well as the rest of the Greater Toronto Area.
It sits at the head of Pelorus Sound, one of the Marlborough Sounds, and at the mouth of the Pelorus and Kaituna Rivers.
Queen Charlotte Drive, which provides a shorter but very winding road to Picton proceeds east along the edge of the Sounds.
Havelock serves as the centre for much of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel industry, and is called the greenshell mussel capital of the world.
It also functions as the base for a mail boat servicing the remote communities in the Marlborough Sounds, as well as for many fishing and recreational boats.
The gold rush to the Wakamarina Valley in 1864 boosted the growth of the township, with sawmilling becoming the main activity until the 1910s, later joined by dairying.
Havelock School is a coeducational full primary school (years 1-8), with a decile rating of 7 and a roll of 86.
In addition to basically ceremonial roles, serving as acting governor in the absence of the Governor of California and as President of the California State Senate, the lieutenant governor either sits on (or appoints representatives to) many of California's regulatory commissions and executive agencies.
California is one of eighteen states where the governor and lieutenant governor do not run as running mates on the same ticket: in California the governor and lieutenant governor are elected separately, although both are up for election in the same year every four years.
The California Constitution provides that all the powers of the governor fall to the lieutenant governor whenever the governor is not in the State of California, with the lieutenant governor often signing or vetoing legislation, or making political appointments, whenever the governor leaves the state.
In practice, there is a gentlemen's agreement for the Lieutenant Governor not to perform more than perfunctory duties while the Governor is away from the state.
This agreement was violated when Mike Curb was in office, as he signed several executive orders at odds with the administration of Jerry Brown, when Brown was out of the state.
Court rulings have upheld the lieutenant governor's right to perform the duties and assume all of the prerogatives of governor while the governor is out of the state.
The Lieutenant Governor sits on the Board of Regents of the University of California, California State University Board of Trustees, Ocean Protection Council, California Emergency Council, and State Lands Commission.
The Lieutenant Governor of California chairs the Commission for Economic Development which is responsible for fostering economic growth in California by developing and implementing strategies for attracting new business to the state, increasing state exports, creating new jobs, and stimulating industries statewide.
For example, the Lieutenant Governor serves on the Agriculture-Water Transition Task Force (created by Governor Gray Davis), and five of the twenty-nine members of the oversight committee of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine are appointed by the Lieutenant Governor.
Although the Lieutenant Governor of California's powers and responsibilities are clearly lesser than those of the Governor, the ability to make appointments to, and decisions on, the boards of executive agencies does allow the Lieutenant Governor to make policy decisions that, due to their separate election, might well conflict with the agenda of the Governor.
The Lieutenant Governor would then be more likely to help the Governor – who is subject to a greater degree of voter scrutiny – to implement his or her policies, but that is unlikely.
Governor Cruz Bustamante and Governor Gray Davis were both Democrats, they reportedly had an icy relationship and had not spoken in months before the 2003 California recall election approached.
Bustamante's decision to run in the recall election was controversial, as many supporters of Governor Davis had urged prominent Democrats not to run, in an attempt to undermine the legitimacy of the event.
Despite being the second highest-ranking office in California, the Lieutenant Governor has no real responsibility or power to represent the governor on issues such as trade negotiations or a legislative agenda (i.e.
Despite its prestige, it has not historically been a strong springboard to higher political office; Gray Davis and current Governor Gavin Newsom are the only Democrats in state history and the only state politicians in the last eight decades to be elected governor after holding the post.
Furthermore, the Lieutenant Governor's office budget has suffered considerable cutbacks in recent times; the proposed annual budget for July 2011 will be slightly over $1 million and include three staffers, while from 1995 to 1999 the office had an $1.3 million annual budget with a staff of 17.
By contrast the Attorney General of California oversees 5,300 employees, including 1,110 state attorneys, and its 2010 budget was over $700 million.
Common themes are the reinvention of children's songs, games, and nursery rhymes to something more macabre, and subverting all sorts of pop culture icons and cultural figures into topics of dark comedy.
She often thinks she is doing good and occasionally shows good intentions, although in recent issues the character has shown a change in personality.
To further question this, it should also be mentioned that whenever Lenore gets really upset or angry, she can be very violent and often takes her anger out on whoever made her angry even if it is one of her friends.
All of this results in Lenore being an enigma due to her at times thinking that she is doing good with a meaning to do good and at other times wanting to do something more along the lines of being evil.
The comic also featured various one-time side stories (one of these characters, Samurai Sloth, is set to star in his own series) and occasionally guest strips from other artists (with Jhonen Vasquez being the most frequent).
Any other website distributing these is doing so without Sony's permission, although Dirge has given permission for people to distribute them as they see fit.
At his panel at the 2011 Comic Con, Roman Dirge announced that Neil Gaiman has agreed to serve as an executive producer for a CGI film adaptation.
Lenore Volume I consists of three hardcover graphic novels that include 12 issues of the original Lenore Series originally published by Slave Labor Graphics but in full color: Noogies (Issues 1-4), Wedgies (Issues 5-8) and Cooties (Issues 9-12).
Titan Magazines released a new line of Lenore comics in full color that started with a new #1 in 2009 and continues to be published up to the present.
Later, she reverts to her old self and starts hurting those around her with full intentions on what she is doing, as it can be seen in issue #9, when she insults Ragamuffin and calls him all kinds of names and in issue #13 where she declares that her dream is to take over the world.
Sometimes, she appears to enjoy others' misfortune, since she smiles when she hurts or kills them, and is often depicted as quite violent, especially when she is unhappy about something or when she is angry.
However, despite all that, whether she is really dense or she acts stupidly on purpose, just to torment Ragamuffin for fun, is unclear, because at times she is shown to be quite intelligent-such as in Vol.
After she is taken by Death to the Underworld, she escapes from there and returns to the living world, with Ragamuffin's help, who unburies her.
In issue #9, she tries to tell Ragamuffin that he is her best friend, but she is interrupted by him, when he sprays a substance on her face to kill the worm that eats from her forehead.
2 issue #2, where he accepts it until he realizes what she has given him as a Valentine's Day card is, in fact, a 'nard'.
Ragamuffin can at first sight look like a rag doll with worms for hair and polyester filling, but he has a very interesting background story and personality.
One night he attacked a young woman and ate her, but unfortunately, her sister, who happened to be a powerful witch, witnessed the scene.
A drop of Lenore's blood eventually returned him to consciousness, but since her blood was mixed with embalming fluid the curse was only partially lifted: he will never cease to be a doll.
(He was briefly reverted into his original body at the end of issue #11, but returned to his rag doll form in the last frame of issue #12).
Ragamuffin is a little unsure of some of Lenore's crazier ideas and is oddly enough the occasional voice of reason in the comic.
In contrast to the brutal, savage nature of his original vampire form, he seems quite interested in somewhat more humanlike activities as a ragged doll, though he does not admit it (he persistently denies it and tries to change the topic when Lenore accuses him of break-dancing in parachute pants in Vol.
Ragamuffin becomes very protective of Lenore and, in issue #12, when he is reverted into a vampire, he remains by her side and tries to defend her from the Nazi zombies that ascended from Hell.
2 issue #1, Ragamuffin brutally murders Mortimer Fledge, who tries to get revenge on Lenore for quite unintentionally ruining his life.
The supposition is validated by Pooty Applewater's letter, in issue #13, in which he tells Lenore that he cannot leave her with the Puff-Puff Midget, who calls himself Ragamuffin, to protect her.
In issue #9, when Lenore falls briefly for Mr. Gosh (when his mask is removed) and shoves Ragamuffin away, he seems hurt and tells her he has feelings.
Pooty Applewater made his first appearance in issue #9 as a bounty hunter sent to bring Lenore back to the underworld.
Lenore convinced him to let her stay and he became one of her friends, playing a part in the battles that followed.
In #13 Pooty suddenly vanished leaving a note that informed Lenore and Ragamuffin that his ex-wife wanted child support and that he would be fleeing to Norway or Mexico.
But, 2 issues later, he re-appeared in Issue 3, Volume 2, and has stayed with Lenore and Ragamuffin as a permanent resident since.
It is also said by Lenore herself that she had always suspected there was a hinted romance going on between them, but never said anything.
Mr. Gosh appears to be a human-sized sock puppet man with buttons as eyes, but he is a dead person with a bag over his head.
He is also unpopular among some of Lenore's friends, especially Ragamuffin, who threatened to feed Mr. Gosh his own bowels if he bothered Lenore again in issue 12.
Some of his other injuries include: being poisoned, being set on fire, bashed with a shovel, stabbed in the head 6 times, and having his head explode, yet he still loves Lenore with all his heart.
Beneath his hood his head is rotten and causes all who look upon it to vomit, except Lenore; she finds Mr. Gosh much more attractive without his hood.
It is revealed in volume 2, issue 2 that he inherited a cupcake castle, which he use to live in before he moved to be closer to Lenore.
In issue 2 Volume 2, after finally having been rejected far enough and realizing how over-compulsive his advances on Lenore were, Mr. Gosh eventually fled to his cupcake castle in hopes of distancing himself from her, and trying to make a new start to move on with his life.
Once there, Lenore soon followed, and while trying to just forget she had even existed so he could finally live with a peace of mind, he was indirectly forced to take her in for a tour of his new home.
Although Mr. Gosh could spot-on see through her plan, even admitting he did straight to her, once she held his hand, his only first reaction was to feel incredibly sad, but still acknowledged that she was trying to trick him.
So, in order to get rid of this feeling once and for all, he took Lenore and Ragamuffin outside, along with a good amount of TNT, and told her that if she loved him, even if his entire castle blew up, to stay where she was.
After he pushed the lever down on the explosives, and his enheritance had been completely destroyed, he looked over to what he thought to be Lenore, and had a moment of pure happiness and total excitement.
Which, is actually pretty heartbreaking to read, when he then discovers moments later that it's nothing more than a cardboard cut-out of her.
Gosh's current whereabouts are unknown, but due to his presence on the cover of Issue #11, Volume 2, he may or may not appear once again in the climax of Volume 2.
As his name suggests, his very first appearance in the comics had him looking like a tall, emaciated, suit-wearing deer with a stitched-up head, and he even had hooves for hands.
Taxidermy was set to have his own full color 32-page comic, but Roman Dirge gave up on it after 9 pages.
Taxidermy, named Taxen Ra, punished parents who inflicted abuse on their offspring and their demise depended on whatever form of abuse took place.
Taxidermy was imprisoned as a result for taking on the Egyptian gods but was later discovered by an archaeologist who accidentally released him.
Taxidermy was dubbed as 'The Orphanage' by the press, for the many killings of children's parents, including Lenore's, which was revealed in issue 9, Volume 2.
Dirge also has a life-sized 7 ft Taxidermy in his living room that he along with a friend built in 2004 on a mannequin.
During his Comic Con 2011 panel, Dirge told of how the head of the Taxidermy has become less stiff over time as the head is removable for the statue to be moved around.
Comic Con '04 also resulted in Taxidermy's head almost being stolen by a passer-by when Dirge had placed it on the table after the signing had finished.
She is naked, save for a traditional, black witch's hat; she is an odd pinkish color and sort of square in shape; she rides a broom, which she is never seen off of; also on the broom is a small black cat with yellow eyes, who is never seen saying or doing anything.
Pooty summons The Spam Witch and Lenore summons Herman Von Ficklefrog (a frog in a bowler hat), the two appear in light blue poofs, then proceed to make out in front of Lenore, Pooty, and Ragamuffin.
Effectively neutralizing the threat by shrinking the Creepig to such a size that it will never be able to destroy Lenore, not matter how hard it tries.
First appearing in issue #10, Ouchie Boo-Boo is sent to capture Pooty and Lenore and return them to the underworld disguised as Lenore's sister.
Despite first revealing himself to be a horrible demon, he then showed his real (supposedly more terrifying) form which is basically Pooty with a round helmet.
Mortimer first appeared in #1 of Volume II seeking revenge on Lenore, after her unexpectedly coming back to life during him embalming her created a dramatic change to his life, losing his family and his business.
Mortimer was sprayed with embalming fluid which caused him to become immortal, however he had re-built himself to finally take Lenore and finish his job of embalming her.
It was a borough for many years until the 1989 reorganisation of local government saw it merged into the new Hastings District, and it is now administered by the Hastings District Council.
Areas within Havelock North include Anderson Park, Iona, Havelock North Central, Te Mata and Te Mata Hills, according to the census units of Statistics NZ.
It is surrounded by numerous orchards and vineyards, and its industry is based around its fruit and wine production, and a horticultural research centre.
As a result, a large majority of its 13,000 residents commute each morning to the nearby cities (Hastings or Napier) for work.
Havelock North is generally hilly, and small gullies have been formed by the creeks and streams flowing from higher ground, resulting in a small amount of inaccessible or steep land which is converted into forests, parks or reserves, giving the image of naturally having many bushes and trees.
This is due to the town being situated at the base of the prominent landmark Te Mata Peak, a 399-metre outcrop, which according to local Māori legend is the body of the giant Te Mata o Rongokako, and the depression in the land visible behind his head according to the myth is where he tried to bite through the mountain range which filled his stomach turning him to stone.
The Te Mata aquifer that feeds Havelock North is very similar to Hastings in quality, but has slightly elevated calcium levels.
Havelock North was founded as a planned Government settlement following the purchase in 1858, from Maori owners, of land previously known as 'Karanema's Reserve'.
The original village was laid out in 1860, taking its name took its name from Sir Henry Havelock, who was involved in the suppression of the Indian Uprising, thus keeping with the local habit of naming towns after prominent men from Imperial India.
Its founders originally envisaged a larger town for the site, but when the Wellington–Napier rail line went through the area in 1874 it took a direct route some distance from Havelock North, and Hastings became a more logical choice for residents.
Early survey plans of Havelock North show ferry landings where boats would sail up and down the river to collect and deliver supplies.
This practice was phased out in the 1880s, when a number of large floods diverted the Ngaruroro River to its current course further north away from Havelock North.
Like a number of North Island towns, Havelock North has grown larger than its South Island namesake, Havelock, in the Marlborough Sounds.
Havelock North was the centre for Havelock Work, a quasi-religious movement based at a temple of the Stella Matutina magical order.
Campylobacter entered the town's water supply after run off from a nearby sheep farm entered the Brookvale boreholes following heavy rain.
Havelock North has eight schools: three state primary schools, a state intermediate school, a state secondary school, a private boys' primary school, and two state-integrated girls' secondary schools.
The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States.
In June 1983, concerns that the Ivy League schools were potentially leaving the conference and disagreements over schedule length versus academics caused Boston University, Boston College, Providence, Northeastern and New Hampshire to decide to leave the ECAC to form what would become Hockey East, which began play in the 1984–85 season.
This left the ECAC with twelve teams (Army, Brown, Clarkson, Colgate, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, RPI, St. Lawrence, Vermont, and Yale).
Army would stay in the conference until the end of the 1990–91 season, at which point they became independent (they now play in Atlantic Hockey) and were replaced by Union College.
Vermont left the ECAC for Hockey East at the end of the 2004–05 season, and were replaced in the conference by Quinnipiac.
ECAC teams began playing an informal regular season schedule in the 1988–89 season, with the conference officially sponsoring women's hockey beginning in the 1993–94 season.
ECAC teams won two of the three pre-NCAA American Women's College Hockey Alliance national championships, New Hampshire winning in 1998 and Harvard in 1999.
The ECAC was the only Division I men's hockey conference that neither gained nor lost members during the major conference realignment in 2011 and 2012 that followed the Big Ten Conference's announcement that it would launch a men's hockey league in the 2013–14 season.
Since the 2006–07 season, all schools have participated with men's and women's teams, making ECAC Hockey the only Division I hockey conference with a full complement of teams for both sexes.
Six Ivy League universities with Division I ice hockey programs are members of ECAC Hockey those schools are, Harvard, Dartmouth, Cornell, Yale, Princeton, Brown.
Penn state supported an intercollegiate varsity hockey program in the past and was an ECAC Hockey member from 1966 to 1978 before the team was disbanded.
The Ivy school that has the best record against other Ivy opponents in regular season ECAC games is crowned the Ivy League ice hockey champion.
The Ivy League schools require their teams to play seasons that are about three weeks shorter than those of the other schools in the league.
The winner of the game is awarded the Whitelaw Cup and receives an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Hockey Tournament.
The Cleary Cup, named for former Harvard player and coach Bill Cleary since 2001, is awarded to the team with the best record in league games at the end of the regular–season.
There is no tie–breaking procedure should two or more teams end the season with the same record and the trophy is shared.
The Cleary Cup winner is not given any special consideration in the NCAA tournament as the ECAC awards its automatic bid to the winner of the ECAC tournament.
At the conclusion of each regular season schedule the coaches of each ECAC team vote which players they choose to be on the two to four All-Conference Teams: first team and second team (rookie team starting in 1987–88 and third team beginning in 2005–06).
ECAC Hockey also awards a Conference Tournament Most Outstanding Player as well as an All-Tournament Team, which are voted on at the conclusion of the conference tournament.
The company's two principal brands are its own Bulmers cider, which is sold worldwide, and Strongbow, which is sold across Europe, the US & Canada, Australasia and the Far East.
HP Bulmer makes 65% of the five hundred million litres of cider sold annually in the United Kingdom and the bulk of the UK's cider exports.
The firm's primary competitor is the Irish C&C Group and its Magners brand (which holds the licence to the Bulmers name within the Republic of Ireland only).
Using apples from the orchard at his father's rectory and an old stone press on the farm next door, Percy Bulmer made the first cider, upon which the family fortune would be made.
In 1889, his elder brother Fred (Edward Frederick Bulmer), coming down from King's College, Cambridge, turned down the offer of a post as tutor to the children of the King of Siam to join Percy in his fledgling cider business.
With a £1,760 loan from their father, the brothers bought an field just outside the city and built their first cider mill.
It was little more than a barn compared to the huge modern stainless-steel computer-controlled cider-making plant that has grown up on a site nearby.
Cider-making was then an unpredictable activity, the natural fermentation process being achieved by yeast contained within apples; meant that the cider often became sour.
It was a college friend of Fred's, Dr Herbert Durham, who, in the 1890s, isolated a wild yeast to create the first pure cider yeast culture, which would ensure that fermentations were consistent.
In 2003, the company was bought for £278 million by Scottish & Newcastle (S&N) with the loss of some 200 jobs initially.
Apart from the 200 initial mainly administrative jobs lost in 2003 after the initial S&N merger, more losses were announced in 2008 when bottling ceased, although after the last batch of 65 job cuts it was pledged that there would be site production and investment of around £7.5m, including a second can line to be installed by 2011.
Bulmers Original is a 4.5% ABV cider sold primarily in pint (568 ml) bottles, but also on draught, in 1 litre bottles and in a 500 ml can.
In 2007, the Bulmers range was joined by Bulmers Pear cider, and in Spring 2008 by Bulmers Light, with the same ABV as the Original but with 30% fewer calories.
This is available in Fruit De Bois (cider with cherry, raspberry and blackcurrant flavours) and Jacques Orchard Fruits, launched in 2008.
In 2010, a limited edition Summer Blend of Bulmers was made, combining apple and pear flavours, and another limited edition version of Bulmers using specially selected red Katy Apples which are allowed to fully ripen in the orchards before harvesting, named Red Apple.
In 2011, Bulmer's released the limited edition Crisp Blend, made from sharper tasting apples, delivering a crisp and slightly drier flavour than the Original.
The Near Field Infrared Experiment (NFIRE) is a satellite which was proposed and developed by the Missile Defense Agency, a division of the United States Department of Defense.
Though primarily designed to gather data on exhaust plumes from rockets, the satellite was also intended to contain a kill vehicle similar to kinds intended for the Strategic Defense Initiative.
In 2004, the United States House of Representatives instructed the Missile Defense Agency, MDA, to remove the kill vehicle from the planned 2006 NFIRE launch, approving $68 million in FY2005 subject to that condition.
The Senate Appropriations Committee reviewing the NFIRE program, however, urged the MDA to return the missile defense interceptor (kill vehicle) to the originally scheduled test, despite the controversial perception of this leading to the deployment of weapons in space.
The MDA has removed the kill vehicle portion of the planned test, saying it posed a risk of technical failure, and replaced it with a laser communications payload from Tesat-Spacecom.
His father, Tobiasz Pietruszka (Wolf Helman), was the son of a Jewish barber named Herschel Meyer Helman, from the Jewish Lublin neighbourhood of Wieniawa, when barbers were also practising dentists, healers, and bloodletters.
Wolf Helman, also known as Tobiasz Pietruszka, changed his name to Tadeusz Wieniawski, taking on the name of his neighbourhood to blend into his Polish environment better.
He married Regina Wolff, the daughter of a noted Jewish physician from Warsaw, and out of this marriage Henryk was born.
His talent for playing the violin was recognised early, and in 1843 he was accepted by the Paris Conservatoire, where special exceptions were made to admit him, as he wasn't French and was only nine years old.
At the invitation of Anton Rubinstein, Wieniawski moved to St. Petersburg, where he lived from 1860 to 1872, taught many violin students, and led the Russian Musical Society's orchestra and string quartet.
He started a tour of Russia in 1879 but was unable to complete it, and was taken to a hospital in Odessa after a concert.
On 14 February 1880, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's patroness Nadezhda von Meck took him into her home and provided him with medical attention.
He died in Moscow a few weeks later from a heart attack and was interred in the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.
Another daughter, Henriette, would go on to marry Joseph Holland Loring in 1904, who was among the victims of the Titanic disaster.
Henryk Wieniawski was considered a violinist of great ability and wrote some very important works in the violin repertoire, including two technically demanding violin concertos, the second of which (in D minor, 1862) is more often performed than the first (in F-sharp minor, 1853).
The United States Soccer Federation governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and amateur leagues.
In 2017, Gallup reported that soccer was the third-most watched team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and American football.
The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.
It is the fourth most popular sport in the United States behind American football, baseball, and basketball, and is the second fastest growing sport in America, surpassed only by lacrosse.
MLS began play in 1996 with 10 teams and has grown to 24 teams (21 in the United States and 3 in Canada), with further expansion planned to 30 teams.
The MLS season runs from February to November, with the regular-season winner awarded the Supporters' Shield and the post-season winner awarded the MLS Cup.
With an average attendance of over 20,000 per game, MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S. after the National Football League (NFL) and Major League Baseball (MLB), and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide.
The Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) ran from 2001–2003 and featured many of the World Cup stars, including Mia Hamm, Michelle Akers and Brandi Chastain.
In 2017, A&E Networks bought an equity stake in the league and broadcasts a game of the week on Lifetime, and formerly streamed all games online via the go90 platform.
During the 2018 season, the NWSL moved some of the games originally scheduled to air on Lifetime to evening slots on ESPNews (both channels being part of the Disney family), and when go90 owner Verizon shut down that platform at the end of July, the NWSL streamed the games that were intended for go90 on its own website.
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final drew a record 26.7 million viewers, greater than final games of the 2014 World Series or the 2015 NBA Finals, and the 2010 Men's World Cup final drew 26.5 million viewers.
The women's national team has won four Women's World Cup titles and four gold medals at the Summer Olympics and the men's national team played in every World Cup from 1990 to 2014.
However, 2013 research has shown that soccer entered America through the port of New Orleans, as Irish, English, Scottish, Italian and German immigrants brought the game with them.
Oneida Football Club has been named as the first association football club in the United States but there is still discussion on what rules the club used, and it broke up within the space of a few years.
The AFA sought to standardize rules for the local soccer teams based in the Northeastern United States, particularly in northern New Jersey and southern New York state.
Within a year of its founding, the AFA organized the first non-league cup in American soccer history, known as the American Cup.
The association quickly spread outside of the Northeast and created its own cup in 1912, the American Amateur Football Association Cup.
Drawing on both its position as the oldest soccer organization and the status of the American Cup, the AFA argued that it should be the nationally recognized body.
On April 5, 1913, the AAFA reorganized as the United States Football Association (USFA), presently known as the United States Soccer Federation.
This led to the establishment of the National Challenge Cup, which still exists as the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, that fall.
During the days of the American Soccer League, the league was seen as widely popular, and considered to be the second-most popular sports league in the United States, only behind Major League Baseball.
The national soccer team competed in the first two FIFA World Cups, managing to qualify for the semifinals of the first tournament and qualifying for the following one in Italy, where the U.S. team was knocked out in the first match by would-be world champions Italy.
The prominence of college soccer increased with the NCAA sanctioning an annual men's soccer championship, beginning in 1959 with the inaugural championship won by Saint Louis University.
Two professional soccer leagues were started in 1967, the United Soccer Association and the National Professional Soccer League, which merged to form the North American Soccer League in 1968.
The NASL enjoyed a significant boost in popularity when the New York Cosmos signed Pelé to play for three seasons in 1975–77.
Between 1977 and 1980, the Cosmos drew crowds of more than 60,000 on ten occasions, and over 70,000 on seven occasions (see Record attendances in United States club soccer).
The popularity of indoor soccer peaked in the 1980s, with both the NASL and the Major Indoor Soccer League operating indoor soccer leagues.
Women's college soccer received a significant boost in 1972 with the passage of Title IX, which mandated equal funding for women's athletic programs, leading to colleges forming NCAA-sanctioned women's varsity teams.
A men's match between Saint Louis University and local rival SIU Edwardsville drew a college record 22,512 fans to Busch Stadium on October 30, 1980.
In 1967 there were 100,000 people playing soccer in the US; by 1984, that number had grown to over 4 million.
Girls high school soccer experienced tremendous growth in playing numbers throughout the 1970s and 1980s—from 10,000 in 1976 to 41,000 in 1980, to 122,000 in 1990.
Five matches drew over 75,000 fans, and two soccer matches at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California, drew over 100,000 fans.
These high attendance figures were one factor that FIFA took into consideration in 1988 when deciding to award the 1994 World Cup to the United States.
This growth has been attributed in significant part to the FIFA World Cup being held in the United States for the first time in 1994.
As part of the United States' bid to host the 1994 World Cup, U.S. Soccer pledged to create a professional outdoor league.
Major League Soccer launched in 1996, which helped develop American players in a way that was not possible without a domestic league.
Many of these players competed in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where the United States reached the quarterfinals, its best result in the modern era.
The team would qualify for eight consecutive World Cup tournaments between 1990 and 2014 before failing to qualify for the 2018 tournament, which would be the first such occurrence since 1986.
The crowd of over 90,000 at the Rose Bowl for the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final remains the largest crowd in the world to witness any women's sporting event.
The annual ESPN sports poll has shown soccer as the fourth most popular team sport in the United States every year since overtaking hockey in 2006; as of 2011, 8.2% of Americans rank soccer as their favorite sport (compared to 3.8% for hockey).
A 2012 Harris Interactive poll showed soccer to be the fifth favorite team sport, with 2% of Americans ranking soccer as their favorite (compared to 5% for hockey).
In 2013, Lionel Messi became the first soccer player ever to rank among the Top 10 most popular athletes in the U.S. in an ESPN poll, although he was not listed in the Top 10 in a Harris poll.
A 2017 poll by Gallup found that soccer is nearly as popular as baseball with 7% of Americans saying it is their favorite sport, as opposed to 9% for baseball.
A 2014 International Champions Cup match between Real Madrid and Manchester United at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan had an attendance of 109,318, a record crowd for a U.S. soccer match.
The United States and Mexico national teams have been playing in front of crowds in excess of 60,000 in the U.S. in recent years.
Also in recent years, many top-division European clubs—such as English clubs Manchester United and Chelsea, and Spanish clubs Real Madrid and Barcelona—have spent portions of their pre-season summer schedule playing matches in the United States.
The 2009 World Football Challenge drew large crowds around the country, and Chelsea's four-game stint in the United States drew record crowds for a visiting foreign team.
For example, the 2014 Copa Centroamericana, a soccer competition for countries from Central America, was held in the U.S., due to the commercial appeal of the U.S. soccer market.
Similarly, the 2016 Copa América was also held in the U.S., marking the first time that tournament took place outside of South America.
The El Salvador national team also regularly plays friendlies in the U.S., often in the Washington, D.C. area, home to a large Salvadoran community.
Mainstream sports networks ESPN, Fox Sports, and NBC Sports Network regularly provide coverage of soccer, as do several popular Spanish-language channels such as Telemundo, UniMás, and Galavisión.
The size of the annual TV market in the U.S. for annual club soccer competitions was $126 million as of 2009.
The club soccer competitions that generate the most annual revenue from TV audiences today in the United States are England's Premier League ($167m), Major League Soccer ($90m), the Mexican league ($50m), Spain's La Liga ($16m), and the UEFA Champions League ($10m).
The most widely accessed televised soccer league in the United States is Mexico's Liga MX, which has most of its games televised live and free on television channels Azteca, Telemundo, UniMás and Univision.
Fox began showing English Premier League matches on network TV in 2011, the first time that Premier League matches aired on U.S. broadcast TV.
U.S. TV rights for the English Premier League were sold to NBC Sports in 2012 for $250 million for three years beginning with the 2013–14 season.
The Premier League earns higher ratings on NBCSN than the National Hockey League, despite the fact that the Premier League is shown in the morning while NHL games are in primetime.
Major League Soccer has received broadcast fees from ESPN since 2008, and MLS signed a three-year deal in 2011 with NBC Sports to nationally televise 40 matches per year from 2012–2014.
MLS has since then signed new television agreements with ESPN, FOX Sports, and Univision worth in total $90 million per year from 2015–2022.
In addition, the 2010 UEFA Champions League final was broadcast live on the Fox Network, marking the first time that a soccer match between two European club teams was televised in the U.S. on English-language broadcast television.
These TV networks also provide coverage of international soccer competitions, including the FIFA World Cup, the FIFA Women's World Cup, the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the UEFA European Championship, the FIFA Confederations Cup, and the U.S. men's national team, and women's national team matches.
In addition to the World Cup, other international soccer competitions involving the U.S. team have become more popular among TV viewers.
The 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup attracted record television viewership, with the Univision telecast of the final between the United States and Mexico ranking as the third-most-watched Spanish-language program of all-time in the United States, beaten only by two FIFA World Cup finals matches.
The 2013 World Cup qualifier between the U.S. and Mexico drew 7 million viewers, higher than the 5.8 million average viewers of the 2013 NHL Stanley Cup finals.
Three 2013 Gold Cup matches were broadcast on the main Fox network channel, the first time since 2002 that a U.S. national team match outside of the World Cup was broadcast on network TV.
The viewership on ESPN of the group-stage matches of the 2013 Confederations Cup was 26% higher than the 2009 tournament, even though the U.S. did not play in the 2013 tournament.
It was the most watched soccer match in American history with nearly 26.7 million combined viewers, more than the 2015 NBA Finals and Stanley Cup.
The second highest viewership in the U.S. for a soccer match was 26.5 million combined viewers for Germany vs. Argentina in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final.
The telecasts of the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final attracted an estimated 17 million American viewers, higher than the 15.8 million average viewership of the 2006 World Series.
The total TV viewership in the U.S. for all the matches including the final for the 2010 World Cup was 112 million viewers, a 22% increase over viewing numbers for the 2006 World Cup.
The 2010 World Cup final game drew 24.3 million viewers in the United States, higher than the 14.3 million average viewership of the 2010 World Series.
Landon Donovan's dramatic game-winning goal against Algeria that advanced the US team to the knockout stage of the 2010 World Cup resulted in jubilant celebrations across the United States.
In 2011, the U.S. TV rights for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups were sold to Fox and Telemundo for a record $1.1 billion, more than any other country in the world, and 147 percent higher than the 2010 and 2014 TV rights.
The USA-Portugal match during the 2014 World Cup registered 24.7 million viewers in the US, with 6.5 million viewers on Univision and 18.2 million viewers on ESPN, making it the most viewed program on ESPN, other than NFL or college football games, and eclipsing viewership numbers of other high-profile sports events such as MLB's World Series, the NBA Finals, and the NHL's Stanley Cup Finals.
The 2014 FIFA World Cup also generated strong internet traffic, with the tournament generating more viewers via websites and apps than the 2012 Summer Olympics.
The following table shows the matches (other than a final match, which is shown in the table above) at the FIFA World Cup that scored the highest TV viewership.
In 2012, soccer was the #1 most played team sport by high school boys, and soccer overtook softball to become the #3 most played team sport by high school girls.
As of 2006, the U.S. was the #1 country in the world for participation in youth soccer, with 3.9 million American youths (2.3 million boys and 1.6 million girls) registered with U.S. Soccer.
The number of high school soccer players more than doubled from 1990 to 2010, giving soccer the fastest growth rate among all major U.S. sports.
In recent decades, more youth sports organizations have turned to soccer as a supplement to American football, and most American high schools offer both boys and girls soccer.
And in 2011, the FIFA video game ranked as the #2 most popular video game in the country, behind only Madden NFL.
Though organized locally by organizations all over the United States, there are three main youth soccer club leagues working nationwide through affiliated local associations.
The United States Youth Soccer Association boasts over three million players between the ages of five and 19, while American Youth Soccer Organization has more than 600,000 players between the ages of four and 19.
Finally, the USL offers a number of youth leagues, including the Super-20 League and the Super Y-League, which have almost 1,000 teams and tens of thousands of players from the ages of 13 to 20.
It currently has 24 teams — 21 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada, with further plans to expand to 28 teams by 2022 and 30 teams at a later date.
The establishment of the Designated Player Rule in 2007 has led to the signings of international superstars such as David Beckham and Thierry Henry, and Cuauhtémoc Blanco.
Major League Soccer has been in an expansion phase, going from 10 teams in 2005 to 24 teams today, with plans to expand to 26 in 2020 and at least 27 in 2021, with further plans to expand to 28 teams by 2022 and 30 teams at a later date.
The league's 2007 and 2009 expansion to Toronto and Seattle, respectively, have proven highly successful, with league-leading ticket and merchandise sales, capped by sold-out attendances for friendlies against Real Madrid of Spain and Chelsea of England.
In 2013, New York City FC agreed to pay a record $100 million expansion fee for the right to join MLS in 2015.
This record was surpassed by the ownership groups of FC Cincinnati and a new Nashville team, which each paid $150 million to join MLS (FC Cincinnati in 2019 and Nashville in 2020).
The same amount was paid as an effective entrance fee by a group that bought Columbus Crew SC in 2018, which led to that team's previous operator receiving a new team in Austin, Texas that will join MLS in 2021.
The league plans to expand to 27 teams with the addition of Inter Miami CF and Nashville SC in 2020 and Austin FC in 2021, with further plans to expand to 28 teams by 2022 and 30 teams at a later date.
MLS has also announced the ownership groups of the 28th and 29th teams, provisionally selected as St. Louis, Missouri and Sacramento, California, will each pay a $200 million entrance fee.
With an average attendance of over 20,000 per game, MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S. after the National Football League (NFL) and Major League Baseball (MLB), and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide.
Although MLS is also much younger than most other countries' first divisions, it is already the twelfth most-attended premier division in the world.
Unlike club football leagues in other countries, Major League Soccer does not have promotion and relegation, and instead utilizes a franchise system similar to other professional sports leagues in the country.
In addition, Major League Soccer operates as a single entity, meaning that all clubs are owned by the league, with club investor-operators holding shares in the league itself rather than owning their teams directly, and all players being centrally contracted.
Major League Soccer has faced criticisms for this structure, as well as other deviations such as scheduling matches during time periods designated by the FIFA Calendar for international play (which can affect the quality of MLS matches taking place within, although the league had been working to reduce the number of matches during these windows).
However, it has also been noted that the league's salary caps have helped to discourage rampant spending, allowing for steadier long-term growth.
Forbes estimated that the league's collective annual revenues were $494 million, and that the league's collective annual profit was $34 million.
Forbes valued the league's franchises to be worth $103 million on average, almost three times as much as the $37 million average valuation in 2008.
The Seattle Sounders FC franchise was named the most valuable at $175 million, a 483% gain over the $30 million league entrance fee it paid in 2009.
The trend in increased team values has continued with MLS teams seeing a strong 52% increase in franchise values from 2012 to 2014.
As of the current 2019 season, the second tier of North American soccer is occupied by the USL Championship, rebranded from the United Soccer League after the 2018 season.
The current iteration of the North American Soccer League had functioned at the second level under provisional status through the 2017 season, but more recent developments have left the league's survival in serious doubt.
The new North American Soccer League was formed in late 2009, with plans to launch in the 2010 season, by disgruntled team owners from the USL First Division, after Nike sold its stake in the latter league's parent corporation, then known as the United Soccer Leagues and now as the United Soccer League (USL).
U.S. Soccer refused to sanction either the First Division or the new NASL for 2010, and the two groups eventually agreed to unite for 2010 only under the banner of USSF Division 2, run directly by U.S. Soccer and including teams from both leagues.
U.S. Soccer initially sanctioned the new NASL in November 2010, revoked its sanctioning in January 2011 due to financial issues surrounding the ownership of several teams, and re-sanctioned it in February 2011.
The NASL launched in 2011 with eight teams—five on the U.S. mainland, one in Puerto Rico (a U.S. commonwealth that has its own national federation), and two in Canada.
One of the Canadian teams left the NASL after the 2011 season to enter MLS; the league remained at eight teams for 2012 as San Antonio Scorpions FC joined NASL.
Three teams were set to join the league in 2015—Jacksonville Armada FC, Virginia Cavalry FC, and Oklahoma City FC—but only the Jacksonville team actually began play.
Virginia Cavalry is no longer listed as a future team on the NASL website; Oklahoma City FC was bought by the owner of Spanish club Rayo Vallecano and rebranded as Rayo OKC, which began play in 2016.
Two other teams, Miami FC and Puerto Rico FC, were launched in 2016, with Miami starting play in the league's spring season and Puerto Rico in the fall season.
At the same time, the Atlanta Silverbacks self-relegated to the lower-level National Premier Soccer League and the San Antonio Scorpions folded.
After the 2016 season, Minnesota United left for MLS, Rayo OKC folded, and Ottawa Fury FC and the Tampa Bay Rowdies left for the USL.
During that offseason, after the USSF pulled the NASL's provisional Division II status due to not meeting its criteria, the NASL filed an antitrust lawsuit against the USSF.
The NASL accused the USSF of colluding with Major League Soccer to protect its status as the sole top-flight soccer league in the United States, citing a relationship under which MLS clubs are required to maintain affiliations or co-owned reserve teams in the USL.
The suit was not supported by all of the league's teams; FC Edmonton was not involved in the action (and would cease professional operations due to the uncertainty stemming from the lawsuit), and North Carolina FC did not support the suit.
While the league added two teams for 2018 in California United FC and San Diego 1904 FC, it lost four teams—the aforementioned San Francisco Deltas, FC Edmonton and NCFC, plus Indy Eleven; the last two of these teams moved to the USL.
Due to the ongoing litigation, the NASL canceled its 2018 spring season, though choosing to frame it as a change to a fall-to-spring schedule spanning two calendar years.
After a federal court denied an injunction that would have maintained the NASL's second-division status, the league announced that it would also not play a 2018 fall season.
Following the USL–NASL feud and a subsequent tightening of U.S. Soccer standards for owners of second-division teams, the USL folded its First and Second Divisions into a new third-level league originally known as USL Pro, later as the United Soccer League, and now as the USL Championship.
The league launched in 2011 with 15 teams–11 on the U.S. mainland, three in Puerto Rico, and one in Antigua and Barbuda—but due to issues with the health and finances of two of the Puerto Rican owners, the Puerto Rican teams were dropped from the league shortly after the beginning of its first season.
In that same year, MLS and USL Pro entered into a formal agreement that eventually merged the MLS Reserve League into the USL Pro structure.
Each MLS team is nominally required to field a reserve team in a USL league, either by operating a standalone team or affiliating with an independently owned team, though this has yet to be strictly enforced.
In addition, one U.S.-based team left the league but was replaced by a new team in the same area; and three completely new teams entered the league for 2014.
Orlando City moved to MLS, and two other teams, the Charlotte Eagles and Dayton Dutch Lions, relegated themselves to the PDL.
Two of the three departing teams were replaced by new franchises; the Eagles' franchise rights were acquired by a local group that launched the Charlotte Independence, and Louisville interests bought Orlando City's USL franchise rights and launched Louisville City FC.
Seven MLS teams—the Montreal Impact, New York Red Bulls, Portland Timbers, Real Salt Lake, Seattle Sounders, Toronto FC, and Vancouver Whitecaps—began fielding team-operated reserve sides in the USL.
The Orlando City–Louisville affiliation was only for the 2015 season, as Orlando City launched Orlando City B, its own USL reserve side, in 2016.
While Austin Aztex went on hiatus for that season while seeking to build a new stadium, six new teams were launched.
The other three are FC Cincinnati and San Antonio FC, neither of which had an MLS affiliation, and the Rio Grande Valley FC Toros.
The Aztex ultimately folded without building a new stadium, and two other teams from the 2016 season did not play in 2017.
The Wilmington Hammerheads self-relegated to the USL's Premier Development League (PDL), now known as USL League Two, and the Montreal Impact folded FC Montreal in favor of an affiliation with the incoming Ottawa Fury FC.
At the same time, three new teams entered the league, with Ottawa Fury FC and the Tampa Bay Rowdies joining from the NASL, and the completely new Reno 1868 FC competing as a hybrid affiliate of the San Jose Earthquakes.
With the folding of one team, the departure of two, and the addition of six, the league featured 33 teams in its 2018 season.
Orlando City B and the Rochester Rhinos went on hiatus, but eventually chose not to return to the USL's top flight.
Of the six new USL teams for 2018, four were new sides—Atlanta United 2 (owned by Atlanta United FC), Fresno FC (which took over the Whitecaps affiliation), Las Vegas Lights FC, and Nashville SC.
The departing teams were FC Cincinnati, which joined MLS; the Richmond Kickers and Toronto FC II, both of which became founding members of USL League One, a third-level league that began play in 2019; and the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania-based Penn FC, which suspended professional operations for 2019 before resuming play in League One in 2020.
In addition, both clubs that had gone on hiatus after the 2017 USL season would later announce moves to League One.
Orlando City B resumed play alongside Toronto FC II as an inaugural League One team, while the Rochester Rhinos will not resume professional operations until joining League One in 2020.
The teams that began play in the USL Championship in 2019 are Austin Bold FC (replacing the Aztex), Birmingham Legion FC, El Paso Locomotive FC, Hartford Athletic, Loudoun United FC, Memphis 901 FC, and New Mexico United.
Of these new sides, one is an MLS reserve team, namely Loudoun United, which replaced the Richmond Kickers as the D.C. United reserve side.
Three teams ceased USL operations after the 2019 season—the identity of Nashville SC was assumed by the city's new MLS team, and Fresno FC and Ottawa Fury FC suspended all operations, the latter having being denied sanctioning by U.S. Soccer and CONCACAF.
Teams in Chicago and California's East Bay were set to launch in 2021, but the Chicago team's launch has been pushed back to an indeterminate future date.
In addition to the East Bay team, Queensboro FC, based in the New York City borough of Queens, will start USLC play in 2021.
The United Soccer League operates four leagues in all, spanning the lower divisions of men's professional soccer, as well as youth soccer; it has operated women's leagues in the past.
The most recent addition to the USL lineup is USL League One, a third-level men's league that began play in 2019.
Below the USL Championship and League One is the country's semi-professional fourth-division league, USL League Two (formerly the Premier Development League), which has (as of the 2019 season) 69 teams in the U.S. and five in Canada (the league has also previously had a team in Bermuda).
Though League 2 does have some paid players, it also has many teams that are made up entirely or almost entirely of college soccer players who use the league as an opportunity to play competitive soccer in front of professional scouts during the summer, while retaining amateur status and NCAA eligibility.
The United States Adult Soccer Association governs amateur soccer competition for adults throughout the United States, which is effectively the amateur fifth division of soccer in the United States.
The tournament is the oldest ongoing national soccer competition in the U.S. and was historically open to all United States Soccer Federation affiliated teams, from amateur adult club teams to the professional clubs of Major League Soccer.
Since the 2016 edition, professional teams that are majority-owned, or whose playing staff is managed, by a higher-division outdoor professional team have been barred from the competition; all other U.S. Soccer-affiliated teams remain eligible to enter.
The overall league structure in the United States is significantly different from that used in almost all the rest of the world, but similar to that used by other American team sports leagues, in that there is no system of promotion and relegation between lower and higher leagues, but rather a minor league system, generally the same as almost all other top-level pro sports leagues in North America.
In addition, teams playing in American soccer leagues are not private clubs founded independently of the league that join a league in order to ensure regular fixtures but are instead usually franchises of the league itself.
Finally, the soccer leagues in the United States also incorporate features common to other American sports leagues, most notably the determination of champions by playoffs between the top teams after the conclusion of a league season.
However, in several ways, American soccer leagues have become more similar to leagues in the rest of the world in recent years.
MLS and all USL leagues now allow games to end in ties, which were initially avoided via a penalty shootout if scores were level at the end of play.
Additionally, MLS and USL leagues now use upward-counting clocks that do not stop for stoppages in play, and instead add on time before halftime and full-time.
A downward-counting clock that stops for dead balls and ends the game when it reaches zero is still in use in American high school and college soccer, as well as most other American sports, but was and is completely foreign to soccer played outside the United States.
Finally, until 2007, the front of teams' shirts in MLS and USL leagues did not bear advertisements, as commercial uniform sponsorship is uncommon in American sports.
As a result of the U.S. women's national team's (USWNT) first-place showing in the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, a seemingly viable market for the sport germinated.
Feeding on the momentum of their victory, the eight-team league formed in February 2000, the U.S. Soccer Federation approved membership of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) as a sanctioned Division 1 women's professional soccer league on August 18, 2000, and the league began playing its first season in April 2001.
The WUSA had previously announced plans to begin to play in 2001 in eight cities across the country, including: Atlanta, the Bay Area, Boston, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia, San Diego and Washington, D.C.
The WUSA forged ahead on a cooperation agreement that would see the new league work side-by-side with Major League Soccer to help maximize the market presence and success of both Division I leagues.
The eight teams included the Atlanta Beat, Boston Breakers, Carolina Courage, New York Power, Philadelphia Charge, San Diego Spirit, San Jose CyberRays (called Bay Area CyberRays for 2001 season), and the Washington Freedom.
The WUSA suspended operations, however, on September 15, 2003, shortly after the conclusion of the third season, due to financial problems and lack of public interest in the sport.
With the WUSA on hiatus, the Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL) and the W-League regained their status as the premier women's soccer leagues in the United States, and many former WUSA players joined those teams.
The Washington Freedom was the only WUSA team to continue operations after the league dissolved (although new versions of the Atlanta Beat and Boston Breakers formed in 2009) and eventually became a part of the W-League in 2006.
In December 2006, WSII announced that it reached an agreement with six owner-operators for teams based in Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Washington, D.C., and a then-unnamed city.
In September 2007, the launch was pushed back from Spring of 2008 to 2009 to avoid clashing with 2007 Women's World Cup and the 2008 Olympic Games and to ensure that all of the teams were fully prepared for long-term operations.
The league was to have its inaugural season in 2009, with seven teams, including the Washington Freedom, a former WUSA team.
Overall attendance for 2010 was noticeably down from 2009, teams were struggling with financial problems, and the WPS changed leadership by the end of the season.
The success of the United States women's national soccer team at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup resulted in an upsurge in attendance league-wide as well as interest in new teams for the 2012 season.
However, several internal organization struggles, including an ongoing legal battle with magicJack-owner Dan Borislow, and lack of resources invested in the league lead to the suspension of 2012, announced in January 2012.
By this time, the WPSL and W-League were the two semi-pro leagues in the United States and had sat under WUSA and the WPS until 2012.
Upon the disbandment of the WPS, they once again regained their status as the premier women's soccer leagues in the United States.
In response to the suspension and eventual end, of the WPS, the Women's Premier Soccer League created the Women's Premier Soccer League Elite (WPSL Elite) to support the sport in the United States.
For the 2012 season, the league featured former WPS teams, Boston Breakers, Chicago Red Stars, and Western New York Flash, in addition to many WPSL teams.
Many members of the USWNT remained unattached for the 2012 season while others chose to play in the W-League instead of the WPSL Elite.
After the WPS folded in 2012, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF) announced a roundtable for the discussion of the future of women's professional soccer in the United States.
The meeting resulted in the planning of a new league set to launch in 2013 with 12–16 teams, taking from the WPS, the W-League, and the WPSL.
The league was officially announced by U.S. Soccer on November 21, 2012, with the Canadian Soccer Association (CSA) and Mexican Football Federation (FMF) also participating in the announcement.
U.S. Soccer committed to funding up to 24 national team members, with the CSA committing to paying 16 players and FMF pledging support for 12 to 16 (ultimately 16).
Today, only U.S. Soccer and the CSA still provide support (including allocating players) to the NWSL; FMF and NWSL ended their relationship (presumably amicably) in 2017, when FMF launched its own national women's league, Liga MX Femenil.
Four of the league's charter teams had WPS ties—the Boston Breakers, Chicago Red Stars, a revival of the New Jersey-based Sky Blue FC, and the Western New York Flash.
The other four were in Kansas City, Portland, Seattle, and Washington, D.C., with the Portland team being run by the Portland Timbers.
The league added its second MLS-linked team in 2014 with the entry of the Houston Dash, run by the Houston Dynamo and playing in the Dynamo's stadium.
A third NWSL team, FC Kansas City, announced a partnership with Sporting Kansas City in 2015; although the two clubs continued to be separately owned, FC Kansas City would use Sporting's facilities for practices and home games.
The 2016–17 offseason saw the league's first major relocation, with the Flash selling their NWSL franchise rights to the owner of North Carolina FC, then playing in the NASL and now in the USL Championship, who moved the NWSL team to the Research Triangle of North Carolina and relaunched it as the North Carolina Courage.
The NWSL became the first professional women's league to reach more than eight teams with the addition of the Houston Dash and Orlando Pride (10 teams in the league in 2016 and 2017) and the first to sustain more than three years of operations.
In 2017, A&E Networks bought an equity stake in the league and broadcasts a game of the week on Lifetime and streams all games online via the go90 platform.
Kansas City's place in the NWSL was immediately filled by a new franchise to be operated by another MLS club, Real Salt Lake; the new team was unveiled shortly thereafter as Utah Royals FC.
In January 2018, the league dropped to 9 teams with the demise of the Boston Breakers, which had been the only team to have participated in every previous season of U.S. top-flight professional women's soccer.
The most recent change to the NWSL membership, announced in October 2019, is the entry of a Louisville team in 2021.
Originally called the United States Interregional Women's League, the W-League was formed in 1995 to provide a professional outlet for many of the top female soccer players in the country.
Starting as the Western Division of the W-League, the Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL) broke away and formed its own league in 1997 and had its inaugural season in 1998.
The W-League grew as large as 41 teams in 2008, but its membership fell rapidly from that point on, and the league folded after its 2015 season.
Of the 18 teams that competed in the final season of the W-League, seven joined the WPSL, and eight formed a new second-level league, United Women's Soccer (UWS).
This new league ultimately launched in 2016 with 11 teams, including six of the founding members (the other two, both Canadian teams, were denied licenses by the Canadian Soccer Association).
The men's national team competes in the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Confederations Cup, in addition to the CONCACAF Gold Cup and other competitions by invitation.
The fortunes of the U.S. national team changed in the 1990s, with the team participating in every World Cup between 1990 and 2014.
The U.S. hosted the 1994 World Cup, beating Colombia to reach the knockout rounds, before losing to Brazil in the round of sixteen.
On the regional stage, the national team has also improved, with a record up to 2013 of reaching the final of the biannual CONCACAF Gold Cup nine times since 1989, winning it six times: 1991, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2017.
They competed in the FIFA Women's World Cup, the Summer Olympics, and the Algarve Cup, in addition to the CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup and other competitions by invitation.
The United States women's team has been one of the best national teams in the history of women's soccer, having won four World Cups (in 1991, 1999, 2015 and 2019).
They also won four Olympic gold medals (in 1996, 2004, 2008, and 2012), and 10 Algarve Cups (in 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015).
Following their 2015 World Cup victory, the USWNT regained the top spot in the FIFA Women's World Rankings from Germany; they have held the top spot for the majority of the time since the rankings began in 2003, and have never been lower than second.
In England, women playing soccer was effectively banned (at least at venues that hosted men's teams) from 1921 to 1971, and in Germany it was banned from 1955 to 1970.
According to the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), the U.S. had little more than 10,000 girls playing high school soccer in the late 1970s.
This number had increased to 120,000 by 1991 when the USWNT claimed its first World Cup title, and 250,000 by 1999, the year of the second World Cup title.
In 2015, there were about 375,000 girls playing high school soccer, making up 47% of all high school soccer players, and soccer has recently surpassed softball as the third-most-played girls' team sport.
At the college level, 53% of all NCAA soccer players are women, and this percentage rises to 61% at the highest level, Division I.
Another contributing factor is the role of women within American society, which includes relative equality (especially rejecting hardened gender roles) for women in the United States relative to many other countries.
This is also reflected in official government policy regarding women in athletics, specifically the landmark Title IX legislation, which broadly requires any educational institution that receives federal government funds to support men's and women's educational programs equally, thus including athletics.
America's approach to growing the game among women has served as a model for other countries' development programs for women at all levels.
In turn, this leads to Germany having more than six times the number of serious adult female players as the U.S. (about 650,000 to 100,000).
In the United States, college soccer is featured in many collegiate athletic associations including the NCAA, the NAIA, the NCCAA, and the USCAA.
The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, the semifinals and finals of which are known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate college soccer tournament conducted by the NCAA and determines the Division I men's national champion.
Since its inception, Saint Louis (10 titles), Indiana (8 titles), and Virginia (6 titles) have historically been the most successful Division I schools.
Indiana has appeared in more College Cups (18) and has a higher winning percentage in post-season play (.768) than any other school in Division I soccer.
Among the first Americans to become regulars in foreign leagues were John Harkes at Sheffield Wednesday and Derby County in England, Eric Wynalda at Saarbrücken in Germany, and Kasey Keller at Millwall in England.
Since then, other Americans have played for clubs that have participated in the knockout rounds of the Champions League and Europa League, such as Brad Friedel with Tottenham Hotspur, DaMarcus Beasley with PSV Eindhoven, and Christian Pulisic with Borussia Dortmund and currently with Chelsea.
The United Soccer Coaches (formerly known as the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA)) is an organization of American soccer coaches founded in 1941.
The five-day event attracts more than 12,000 attendees for live field demonstration and lecture sessions, networking socials, coaching diploma training classes, and a large soccer-only trade show, with more than 300 companies displaying soccer equipment, technology and services.
United Soccer Coaches also publishes weekly rankings for intercollegiate and high school soccer during the fall seasons and less frequently during the winter and spring high school seasons.
The fall foliage and the beautiful scenery around the village, as well as Bernard Herrmann's light-filled score, all set an idyllic tone.
The story is about how the residents of a small Vermont village react when the dead body of a man named Harry is found on a hillside.
The film is, however, not really a murder mystery; it is essentially a romantic comedy with thriller overtones, in which the corpse serves as a Macguffin.
In the process the younger two (an artist and a very young, twice-widowed woman) fall in love and become a couple, soon to be married.
The film was one of Hitchcock's few true comedies (though most of his films had some element of tongue-in-cheek or macabre humor).
One example of this is when John Forsythe's character unabashedly tells MacLaine's character that he would like to paint a nude portrait of her.
The quirky but down-to-earth residents of the small hamlet of Highwater, Vermont, are faced with the freshly dead body of Harry Worp (Philip Truex), which has inconveniently appeared on the hillside above the town.
Captain Wiles (Edmund Gwenn) is sure that he killed the man with a stray shot from his rifle while hunting, until it is shown he actually shot a rabbit.
Miss Gravely (Mildred Natwick) is certain that the man died after a blow from the heel of her hiking boot when he lunged at her out of the bushes, while still reeling from the blow he received at the hands of Jennifer.
Sam Marlowe (John Forsythe), an attractive and nonconformist artist, is open-minded about the whole event, and is prepared to help his neighbors and new-found friends in any way he can.
The Captain, Jennifer, Miss Gravely and Sam bury the body and then dig it up again several times throughout the day.
They then hide the body in a bathtub before finally putting it back on the hill where it first appeared, in order to make it appear as if it was just discovered.
In the meantime, Sam and Jennifer have fallen in love and wish to marry, and the Captain and Miss Gravely have also become a couple.
Sam has been able to sell all his paintings to a passing millionaire, although Sam refuses to accept money, and instead requests a few simple gifts for his friends and himself.
To the filmmakers' shock, there was hardly any foliage left; to achieve a full effect, leaves were glued to the trees.
In the gym, a 500-lb (226-kg) camera fell from a great height and barely missed hitting Hitchcock, and the sound of the rain on the roof of the gym necessitated extensive post-production re-recording.
The paintings of the character Sam Marlowe were painted by American abstract expressionist artist John Ferren, who was present during principal photography in Vermont.
Hitchcock was particularly interested in Ferren's work, for his vivid use of color, which he thought would be resonant with the autumnal colors of New England.
Originally released on October 3, 1955, the original soundtrack was re-recorded in 1998 and released on CD that same year, under the Varèse Sarabande label.
All the original music, composed by Bernard Herrmann, was re-recorded at the City Halls, Glasgow, Scotland, on April 29, 1998, performed by the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, under the conduction of Joel McNeely.
The re-recording was originally released on CD in the United Kingdom on July 27, 1998, and in the United States on October 6, 1998.
Although the movie was a financial failure in the U.S., it played for a year in England and Rome, and a year and a half in France.
It was acquired by TPG Telecom in September 2015 for $1.56 billion, but retained its retail brand name in the market.
The company provides ADSL-based Internet access, using their own ADSL2+ infrastructure and reselling Telstra ADSL services, as well as reselling the NBN.
iiNet acquired or merged with many smaller ISPs, building a customer base in Western Australia and then, by acquiring ihug and OzEmail, expanded into the eastern states.
It began as one of the first Australian ISPs to offer TCP/IP Internet access, as opposed to the store-and-forward techniques (such as MHSnet) that were then in use at other ISPs.
It claims it was the first ISP to offer PPP access in Australia, and to be the first to base operations on the then new Linux operating system.
The company outgrew its suburban home in 1995 and moved to CBD office accommodation yet its early growth during the Internet boom was hampered by the ability of Telstra (not releasing Bigpond as an ISP until 1997) to cope with the demand of needed telephone lines, and by the sheer competitive pressure in the Perth market, which had a comparative oversupply of low-cost providers.
The SA arm moved quickly to become the number three ISP in the state, before being acquired by Auslink in 1998.
Also in early 1997, the Western Australian Internet Association, formed in 1995 to represent the Internet community in Western Australia, created a peering and interconnection arrangement known as WAIX between its members, which included iiNet and several other Perth-based ISPs.
As one end of a 56k connection must be digital, the racks of modems found in every ISP became redundant overnight and expensive CBD-hosted equipment offered by Cisco, Ascend and Livingston became a requirement in order to survive in the marketplace.
The newfound capital was used to acquire its two major local rivals in the Perth area – Wantree Internet and Omen Internet – along with numerous smaller rivals such as Networx Internet, Infinite Data, Octal and Net Trek Online Services.
This was perceived by most observers as a rationalisation of an unsustainable services market, and allowed not only iiNet, but also other providers such as Westnet, EFTel (itself an agglomeration of several ISPs formed in 2000), ArachNet and Global Dial among others to grow in the local market and to expand into fully-fledged national providers.
After the dot-com bubble burst in mid-2000, iiNet fared poorly on the markets – with shares at one stage falling to from a issue price – however its share price recovered as time progressed.
Based on its new abilities, and after consolidating its local position, iiNet focused on expanding to national coverage in the early 2000s through strategic acquisitions and natural growth.
With the advent of ADSL access, iiNet and several other Western Australian providers on the WAIX were at the forefront of the price and service wars, and were able to make a sizable push eastwards into larger lucrative markets.
The retail arm had been neglected, and the company moved very late into ADSL, meaning that it had difficulty positioning itself as a broadband player.
iiNet initially used both the OzEmail and iiNet brands on the east coast, but by 2006 iiNet had largely abandoned the OzEmail brand, using its own corporate image across Australia.
This move allowed iiNet to be the first Australian DSL carrier to offer speeds of over 1.5 Mbit/s to a significant number of customers.
The maximum download speed was initially 8 Mbit/s (ADSL1), which increased to 12 Mbit/s and later to 24 Mbit/s, as ADSL2/ADSL2+ standards have been ratified and tested with iiNet's equipment.
There are currently over 406 enabled exchanges active around Australia, and a list of these exchanges can be found at iiNet's official website.
In 2006, iiNet were trialling its MSAN services in three Perth telephone exchanges; but release and expanded trial of these has since been put on hold until further notice.
This would result in a lower line rental price for its customers and free additional add on options to the phone service.
In late 2005, Telstra Wholesale made changes to their pricing arrangements, each of which forced iiNet to make changes to their product line and pricing.
The first of these changes was to the DSLAM port rate, which resulted in an increase of the cost of a 1.5 Mbit port.
iiNet reduced the speeds for their two cheapest plans to 512 kbit/s, while doubling the data allowance on these plans in an attempt to placate users.
In April 2006, another iiBroadband1 (using Telstra Wholesale) plan's speed was reduced to 512 kbit/s (though existing plan users were allowed to keep their speed).
Other speculation in the same article suggested that iiNet may be about to exit New Zealand or the CEO was about to sell his shareholding.
PowerTel, a Sydney-based telco, would emerge with a diluted stake of 13% at 85c a share and Michael Malone's share would be diluted to 14.4%.
The sale to Vodafone NZ was announced on 9 October 2006, at a price of – roughly six times ihug's EBIT at the time.
However, as of 2013 some marketing copy is identical, suggesting at the very least a degree of back-office collaboration now exists.
As part of the Westnet acquisition, iiNet's online gaming presence was closed in August 2008, with operations being moved to the former Westnet gaming site 3FL.
The deal, valued at $40 million, increased iiNet's total number of broadband subscribers to 520,000, and also followed the pattern of the Westnet takeover with Netspace remaining operational as a separate entity under iiNet.
The purchase of AAPT increases iiNet's total broadband subscribers to more than 652,000 and total active services to more than 1,326,000.
On 16 November 2011 it was announced that iiNet was in the final stages of negotiations in the acquisition of Canberra-based telco TransACT.
On 22 December 2011, iiNet announced it would acquire rival ISP Internode for $105 million with the transaction due to be completed late February 2012.
On 4 August 2013 iiNet announced it would be purchasing the South Australian ISP Adam Internet for $60 million, after an identical bid by Telstra was rejected by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) on grounds that the telco giant would use its acquisition of Adam to undercut its rivals' offers through the use of favourable wholesale supply deals.
On 20 November 2008, the Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft (AFACT) filed a lawsuit against iiNet in the Federal Court of Australia claiming that iiNet infringed copyright by failing to prevent its subscribers from downloading illegally copied material using the BitTorrent peer-to-peer protocol.
The lawsuit was co-filed by 34 film and affiliated companies including Village Roadshow, Universal Pictures, Warner Bros. and 20th Century Fox as well the Seven Network, an Australian television broadcaster, and alleges breach of copyright on a number of popular movies and television shows.
In response, iiNet issued a statement indicating that iiNet had been passing on the reports of infringement received from AFACT to law enforcement authorities, and that iiNet could not disconnect a customer's phone line based on an allegation unproven in the courts.
The case is regarded as a test case for copyright infringement in Australia, and AFACT was represented by Gilbert + Tobin, the same law firm that successfully sued the makers of Kazaa in 2005.
In 2010, Justice Cowdroy in the Federal Court found in favour of iiNet, noting that while iiNet users did infringe, this was not the responsibility of iiNet to deal with.
In his reasoning, Gummow J. noted in particular the current legislation did not provide a mechanism to deal with peer-to-peer infringements and it needed to be addressed by legislature.
From 2011, iiNet also sold services on the NBN Interim Satellite Service; however, demand for these connections exceeded the available capacity, severely congesting the service.
As a result, iiNet withdrew the product from sale in November 2013, and NBNCo issued a cease sale for all RSPs in December 2013.
It was the focus of a dispute regarding access to the Telstra PSTN network which was settled by the ACCC in 2007.
He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1954 to 1975, representing the Labor Party, and served as the party's deputy leader from 1967 to 1974.
Barnard was born in Launceston, Tasmania, one of four children born to Herbert Claude Barnard and the former Martha Melva McKenzie.
His father, a trade unionist and locomotive driver, was elected to parliament in 1934, and was a minister in the Chifley Government.
In 1967, Barnard became Deputy Leader of the Labor Party and when it won office under Whitlam in 1972 Barnard was Deputy Prime Minister.
As Minister for Defence, Barnard personally ensured the recommendations of the Jess Committee and new Defense Force Retirements Benefits Scheme was implemented in 1972.
For the first two weeks of Whitlam's government, before the full electoral result was known, Whitlam and Barnard formed a two-man ministry, known as a duumvirate, to govern until a full ministry could be announced.
Bass was resoundingly lost to the Liberals at the ensuing by-election, in which Labor lost 17 percent of its primary vote.
This shock result was seen by many as the beginning of the end for the Whitlam government, which was dismissed five months later.
They had a son together, Nicholas, and also adopted two Vietnamese orphan girls, Amanda and Jacqueline; Amanda died as an infant.
The castle, the parish church of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Denis, together with South Pond, the former fish-pond for the castle, are the only three structures left from this early period.
The former Parliamentary Constituency of Midhurst is now an electoral ward of the Parliamentary Constituency of Chichester, and has been represented in the House of Commons since 2017 by Conservative MP Gillian Keegan.
Midhurst is part of the Chichester District of West Sussex County, governed by the Chichester District Council and West Sussex County Council respectively.
The Council is supported by a staff of two: the Town Clerk (and Responsible Finance Officer) and an Assistant Town Clerk.
There are three Council Committees: Finance, Asset and Policy (meets monthly), Community and Environment (meets monthly) and Planning and Infrastructure, which has an advisory function only to the principal planning authorities (Chichester District Council and the South Downs National Park Authority) (meets fortnightly).
The council is responsible for the town recreation ground and the town cemetery, and provides grants to various local clubs and organisations.
In 2014 the Town Council moved from its former offices in Capron House on North Street to the Old Library building on Knockhundred Row.
The building is leased from the West Sussex County Council, with a view to its eventual purchase by the Town Council.
Its primary economic activities, in terms of employment, are wholesale and retail businesses including motor mechanics, construction, hotels, food and drink and office administration.
The Midhurst Music, Arts and Drama Festival (MADhurst) is an annual community event that brings together the creative, artistic & musical talent of Midhurst.
It takes place at multiple venues in and around Midhurst for ten days every summer, culminating on August Bank Holiday in a Carnival Parade (organised by the Town Council) and Grand Finale celebration with stalls, a music festival, clowns, food and more at the Midhurst Sports Ground.
The event brings together the whole community to manage the box office, arrange workshops, help with PR and social media, provide security and everything needed for a smooth-running festival – a genuine team effort.
The Midhurst Medieval Festival takes place annually in the Old Town, in early May, featuring re-enactments, falconry, spinning and weaving demonstrations, have-a-go archery, medieval music, stalls and medieval food.
It promotes high standards of planning and architecture and seeks to enhance the local environment and amenities, in liaison with public authorities.
The Midhurst Players present 3–4 amateur dramatic productions each year, the Midhurst Art Society and the Midhurst Camera Club each hold summer exhibitions each year, and the Midhurst Choral Society gives periodic recitals.
The South Downs National Park, established in 2011, stretches for 87 miles between Winchester in the West to Eastbourne and Beachy Head in the East.
It encompasses the whole of the South Downs, together with a significant area of the western Weald to the north of the Downs, as far north as Alice Holt near Farnham.
The headquarters of the National Park Authority, the South Downs Centre in Capron House, Midhurst is a community hub, an exhibition about the National Park and a green conference centre.
The Charity Commissioners Scheme for The Midhurst Town Trust was sealed on 4 February 1910, and has governed the activities of the Trust ever since, with one amendment.
In addition to the Old Town Hall and the Market Square, the commissioners schedule of property included the Stocks, The Pound, The Curfew Garden, the Royal Arms, Town Mace and Constables Staves.
There are currently six trustees: one representative of the Lord of the Manor (Lord Cowdray); Three representatives of Midhurst Town Council; and two co-opted trustees who reside in Midhurst.
It includes: a multi-purpose four-court sports hall; a fitness room with state of the art Technogym equipment; two squash courts and a squash viewing area; a dance studio with mirrors that is also used for fitness and community activities; a health suite, including a sauna, steam room and a spa pool; a multi-purpose community hall and community rooms; and a bar and café with Wi-Fi access.
Register Office: The Midhurst Branch of the West Sussex Register office is housed in The Grange Leisure Centre, and is open part-time for the registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths.
They include groups active in the arts and in crafting activities, in environmental and heritage activities, in social support and welfare activities and in sport and leisure.
Midhurst developed as a Saxon village at a strategic crossroads of what are now the A272 (east-west) and A286 (north-south) routes.
After the Norman Conquest Robert de Montgomery ordered the building of a motte-and-bailey castle on what is now called St Ann's Hill, a strategic bluff on a curve of the River Rother, overlooking the cross-roads and a long stretch of Rother Valley to the north, east and the west, protecting the River Rother crossing.
Although there has been a settlement in Midhurst since at least the early Norman period, and probably from Saxon times, the buildings in the Old Town, centred on the Market Square, are principally Tudor in origin.
Almost every house in this part of the town dates back to the 16th Century, and parts of a few buildings, such as the old coaching inn that is now the Spread Eagle Hotel, date to the 15th century.
Even the apparently more modern North Street is lined with Tudor buildings behind classical and Georgian façades that were added during the 17th and 18th centuries, a time of prosperity for the town.
There are also several actual 18th-century buildings scattered throughout the town, and distinctive Victorian and Edwardian developments of terraced housing along the main routes out of Midhurst.
During the mid and late 20th Century there was significant housing development to the south of the town, in the Little Midhurst, Holmbush and Fairway areas.
In 1106 Savaric fitz Cana (Fitzcane) received land in Midhurst and the neighbouring village of Easebourne from Henry 1, and in 1158 his son built a fortified manor house on St. Anne's Hill.
Between 1284 and 1311 St Ann's Castle was in the hands of the Bishop of Durham, and during that period was largely dismantled.
At some period after this date the chapel of St. Dennis was eventually demolished, and the re-built foundation can be seen within the castle curtain wall.
When Easebourne Priory was suppressed in 1536 and handed to the Fitzwilliam family, the chapel in Midhurst achieved parish church status, and was substantially re-built.
The additional dedication of the Church of St. Mary Magdalene to St Denis (also the dedication of the former chapel within the castle) is first recorded in 1764.
The little town developed outside the castle, mainly to service it and the immediate surrounding area, and to provide a market place for local agricultural surpluses.
It was bounded by an escarpment dropping in the north to the Town Meadow, in the east to the River Rother and in the South to a tributary to the Rother.
To the west it was bounded until the late 12th century by a 1.5-metre deep ditch, with a dyke and pallisade, approximately where Duck (or Dyke) Lane now lies.
Other than the castle, the principal engine of growth for the town was its regular market, for which the earliest known reference is in 1223.
Most would have been about a perch wide (about 5 metres), with long gardens at the rear, opening onto back lanes.
Apart from foodstuffs, the principal trades were in wool, cloth and leather, and related trades such as weaving, whitening, quilt-making and cobbling.
The bailiff regulated the market by ensuring the assize of bread and ale, appointing two ale-tasters yearly, and acted as clerk of the market.
Disputes over the respective rights and duties of town and manor were settled in 1409 by an agreement whereby Michael Bageley and six other named burgesses agreed, on behalf of themselves and their successors, to pay 40 shillings a year to Sir John de Bohun, Lord of the Manor, and his heirs, for the right to take the market tolls.
In return they were required to hold both the three-weekly courts and to conduct two 'law days' in the name of Sir John.
If they failed for a whole year to hold the courts the agreement should lapse, and if they neglected to keep the streets and ditches in order the lord's manorial officers should be responsible for apprehending offenders, but were required to hand over any fines to the burgesses.
The event that had the greatest effect on the town in the Tudor period was the re-building of Cowdray House, which commenced in the 1520s.
Sir David Owen, illegitimate son of Owen Tudor and uncle to Henry VII, began construction of the building that is now in ruins beside the River Rother, on the site of the former building called Coudreye, which he had acquired upon the death of his wife Mary Bohun.
Her family had built the original house there between 1273 and 1284, after they abandoned their original castle on St Ann's Hill.
The Fitzwilliams were a staunch catholic family, and remained so throughout the English Reformation and beyond, making Midhurst a centre of Catholicism into the 17th century.
Nevertheless, the Fitzwilliams were courtiers who maintained generally good relationships with the royal family and benefitting from considerable enrichment during the dissolution of the monasteries, at its height between 1536 and 1538.
Similarly, the building works themselves, using brick and stone rather than the locally produced materials of other local buildings at the time (typically timber framing infilled with wattle and daub), would have required vast amounts of transport, storage and accounting, bringing artists, craftspeople and specialists of many kinds to the town, driving the development of a local middle class.
There are two wall paintings in the town said to have been painted by artists working on the mansion who were lodging in the houses concerned.
One is in the building on North Street (currently occupied by the Olive and Vine Wine and Tappas bar), and the other is in Elizabeth House, beside the Swan Inn in Red Lion Street.
The image in North Street tells the story of King Ahab robbing Nathan of his family vinyard, reflecting the despair that the mostly Catholic population of the town felt in being forbidden by the monarch to practice their religion.
The extension of the town along the former lane to Easebourne towards the new mansion, which had begun in the early 14th century with the building of the first mansion on the river-side site, now intensified.
This contributed to the economic expansion, as merchants built new houses and shops on North Street to facilitate their dealings with Cowdray House.
It was during this period that the Angel Hotel was built, as a coaching house in response to the growing travel.
The local labour market was distorted as workers were diverted from their conventional tasks to work as servants or contribute to the building.
Town officials were concerned at the redirection of the Midhurst economy away from its traditional centre around the market place and towards the newly dynamic Cowdray House.
The bailiff and burgesses petitioned Sir Anthony Fitzwilliam to give them a plot of land on which to build a market house near the church, as a focus for commerce in the Old Town.
This was built in the market square in 1551, and although much altered since, it probably looked similar to the market house currently at the Weald and Downland Museum, with open bays on the ground floor, and an upstairs room for official use.
In 1605 the owner of Cowdray House, Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu, was briefly arrested in connection with the Gunpowder Plot.
In addition he had stayed away from Parliament on 5 November following a warning from Robert Catesby, the leader of the plot.
In 1634 one John Arismandy appointed John Cope and Richard Shelley to administer certain moneys after his death to provide a priest for the poor Catholics of Midhurst, to say masses every week for his soul and 'my lords ancestors'.
This deed was found in the 19th century in a box hidden in the chimney of an old house with rosaries and other religious objects.
In 1637, an ecclesiastical court case records parishioners of Midhurst playing cricket during evening prayer on Sunday, 26 February (Julian), one of the sport's earliest references.
By the mid-17th century the Anglican church was well established and Catholicism apparently declining, although about a quarter of families remained catholic, and 30 years later there were a similar proportion of non-conformist families.
In 1642, during the English Civil War, the 'Protestation' in support of the Anglican Church was signed by 207 men in Midhurst, but 54 'recusant Papists' refused at first to sign it.
Two days later 35 of these did sign, probably excepting the special clause denouncing the Roman Faith, as did their colleagues at Easebourne, where there was an equal number of recusants.
By 1676 the estimated numbers of Conformists (Anglicans) was recorded as being 341, of Roman Catholics 56, and of Non-conformists 50.
In 1672 the wealthy local coverlet maker, Gilbert Hannan, founded a grammar school for twelve poor boys in the upper room of the Market House.
In the Great Reform Act of 1832 Midhurst was reduced to one Member of Parliament and the constituency was expanded to include most of the surrounding villages.
Cowdray House and estate was owned by the Montagu family until 1843, when it was bought by the 6th Earl of Egmont, who sold it in 1910 to Sir Weetman Dickinson Pearson who in 1917 becomes Viscount Cowdray.
Midhurst is situated in the Wealden Greensand that lies between the South Downs and the Low Weald: that is, between the open rolling chalklands of the Downs, and the sandstones and clays of the western Weald, exemplified by the densely wooded slopes, hills and steep valleys around and especially to the north of Midhurst.
The historic core of the town lies almost entirely on the Sandgate Formation (or beds), which form part of the Lower Greensand Group (Lower Cretaceous) while the southern suburbs are built on the sandstones of the Folkestone Formation.
The drift geology of the Midhurst area comprises alluvium following the course of the River Rother and its tributaries, together with associated river terrace deposits of gravels, sands and silts.
South Pond is the second oldest structure in Midhurst, second only to St. Ann's Castle: it is thought to have been dammed in the early 12th century as a fish-pond for the Castle.
The pond is prone to silting due to its underlying greensand geology, and has in recent years become polluted and lifeless, in large part due to over-population of ducks as a result of artificial feeding.
The South Pond Group was established in 2012 to conserve and develop the area around the South Pond as a wildlife corridor.
Major renovation works, involving dredging and establishing reed and waterplant beds to reconstitute the natural ecology, capable of supporting a full range of pond life, were undertaken in 2014– 2015, under the leadership of the South Pond Group with community support.
The Midhurst War Memorial is situated outside the Midhurst parish church at the confluence of Red Lion Street and Church Hill, adjacent to the Market Square.
Mr. Percy Oliver (1885–1949), a local stonemason, was commissioned to build and carve the memorial in accordance with the design of Sir Ashton Webb, who also designed Admiralty Arch in London.
It is aligned on the axis of the nave of the church and consists of a square pillar set upon a square plinth which stands on an octagonal base of two steps within a kerbed, cobbled area.
The names of fifty men who fell during the First World War, together with their service or regiment, are inscribed on panels of limestone which have been fixed to the north and south faces of the pillar.
In April 1947 it was decided to add the names of the dead of World War II, and Mr Oliver was asked to fix a tablet to the War Memorial.
However, it was not until 1960 that it was finally agreed to add these panels, and the work was completed in 1962.
Each year on Remembrance Sunday, the Midhurst Branch of the Royal British Legion organises a service of remembrance at the War Memorial.
There are 94 buildings in Midhurst listed with Historic England as having special architectural or historic interest, while the earthworks and ruins of St. Ann's Castle have been designated as a Scheduled Monument.
The Parish Church of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Denis and the Spread Eagle Hotel are both listed Grade II*, while the remainder are Grade II.
Of the listed buildings two recognisably predate 1500; six are 16th century; 30 are 17th century; 32 are 18th century; 22 are early 19th century; one is from 1841–1880; and one (a telephone box) is from 1914–45.
Midhurst was linked by three lines, one from Pulborough in 1866, one from Petersfield in 1864 and one from Chichester in 1881.
There were two stations, the London Brighton and South Coast Railway's (Chichester to Pulborough) and the London and South Western Railway's.
Stagecoach operate numbers 60 to Chichester, 70 to Guildford via Haslemere and 1 to Worthing via Petworth; Emsworth operate 92 to Petersfield via Rogate.
The Midhurst Deanery is a Deanery of the Church of England comprising 22 churches in the Rother Valley between Midhurst and Petersfield.
The Anglican Parish Church is St Mary Magdalene and St Denys, in the market square, which retains some old parts on the south side.
Consisting of chancel and nave flanked by aisles on both sides, the church was largely rebuilt in the Perpendicular style in 1422, towards the end of Henry V's reign.
Roman Catholic Parish Church is the Church of the Divine Motherhood and St Francis of Assisi, Bepton Road, was built in 1957, replacing an earlier church on Rumbolds hill, built in 1869 by C.A.
The new building is of sandstone in the shape of a segment of a circle with the rounded off point forming an eastern apse.
The western arc is divided into seven sections by vertical stone fins, six of which are glazed, leaving the doorway in the central section with a Madonna and Child above.
Midhurst Methodist Church is a flint masonry building with brick quoins standing to the north of the old grammar school buildings.
The Midhurst Sports Association (MSA) owns the lease, runs and maintains the Sports Pavilion on the Midhurst Sports Ground, next to Cowdray Ruins.
The MSA is also the umbrella group for the Midhurst Cricket, Rugby and Stoolball Clubs who currently hold individual leases for the playing fields.
The Midhurst and Easebourne Football Club is a non-league football team, with a ground at Dodsley Road in the adjoining village of Easebourne.
There is also a variety of youth football teams run by the club, and a walking football club for the over-50s and those with injuries.
Henry VIII visited Midhurst in 1538 and 1545, his son Edward VI came in 1554 and his daughter Elizabeth I in 1591.
Richard Cobden, politician and leading figure of the Anti-Corn Law League was born nearby at Heyshott in 1804, attended school in Midhurst, and spent much of his later life at his family home in Heyshott, Dunford farmhouse.
H.G Wells, the essayist and novelist, who was a pupil and then a pupil teacher at Midhurst Grammar School in 1882 and 1883.
In this episode, Riker, Data, and Worf become trapped in a strange hotel on a planet otherwise incapable of supporting human life.
A sample of the debris beamed aboard shows NASA markings and a 52-star American flag, meaning the debris of the ship is several hundred years old, and has traveled far beyond the capability of ships of that era.
Scans of the planet reveal a small anomalous area capable of supporting human life, so Commander Riker, Lt. Worf, and Lt.
The away team soon discovers they are trapped inside the casino, and after making several unsuccessful attempts to leave, they decide to explore the building.
Upon reading Richey's logs, they learn that his starship was accidentally contaminated by an unknown race of aliens, then thrown across the galaxy, and he was the only survivor.
Taking pity on him, the aliens created The Royale for him, thinking the novel's story represented humans' preferred way of living, whereas Richey found it unbearable thanks to the poor quality of the novel.
Riker, Data, and Worf realize that the plot has been recreated in detail by the aliens and is playing out in front of them, and surmise that they might be able to leave if they are scripted to do so.
William Byron, 5th Baron Byron (5 November 1722 – 19 May 1798), was a British nobleman, peer, politician, and great uncle of the poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron who succeeded him.
With the title came responsibilities; he became Lieutenant in the Royal Navy at the age of sixteen and at seventeen represented his family as a founding Governor of the Foundling Hospital, a popular charity project to look after abandoned babies.
He went on to marry Elizabeth Shaw, daughter and heiress of Charles Shaw of Besthorpe in Norfolk, on 28 March 1747.
The following month, he was elected Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, a position he held until 20 March 1752.
Byron was initiated to the Scottish Rite Masonry and become Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England (Moderns) form 1747 to 1751.
On 26 January 1765, Byron killed his cousin and neighbour, William Chaworth, in a duel at the Stars and Garters Tavern in London.
The fight resulted from an argument the two had been engaged in over cups of wine, with both insisting they had more game on their estates.
Lord Byron and his cousin retired to a dim room to resolve their disagreement and it was there that Lord Byron thrust his sword through Chaworth's stomach.
Chaworth lived until the following day, expressing his disgust that he had not been of sound enough mind to insist they fight in a location outfitted with better lighting before finally succumbing to his injury.
Byron schemed to resolve his serious financial difficulties through a judicious marriage of William, his son and heir, into a wealthy family.
But just before the marriage William eloped with his cousin Juliana Byron, the daughter of Byron's younger brother, the naval captain and later Vice-Admiral John Byron.
Lord Byron felt that intermarrying would produce children plagued with madness and strongly opposed the union, but his main concern was that he needed his son to marry well in order to escape the debt.
Byron also outlived his grandson, a young man who, at the age of twenty-two, was killed by cannon fire in 1794 while fighting in Corsica.
The barony was then left to his great nephew, George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, who became the 6th Baron Byron when Lord Byron died on 21 May 1798, at the age of seventy-five.
Upon his death, it is said that the great number of crickets he kept at Newstead left the estate in swarms.
At a few degrees north latitude, however, the perihelion/aphelion factor and the slightly higher sun and longer days experienced at the time of the summer solstice for the Northern Hemisphere cancel each other out, making the level of insolation experienced there virtually identical throughout the year.
Every month of the year has at least 495 millimeters (19.5 inches) of average precipitation (March and December both averaging this figure), with the wettest month (April) averaging 663 millimeters (26.1 inches).
Average annual precipitation is 7,089 millimeters (279.1 inches), and more rain falls at night than during the day, the reverse of what is true in most places that have tropical rain forest climates.
MacKenzie is known for establishing and commanding Sector Sarajevo as part of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in the former Yugoslavia in 1992.
MacKenzie's forefather Israel Wharton fought as a United Empire Loyalist in the American Revolutionary War, taking part in the Battle of Waxhaws, before he subsequently settled in the Liverpool area.
During his Canadian army career, MacKenzie served nine years in West Germany with NATO forces and had nine peacekeeping tours of duty with the United Nations in six different mission areas – the Gaza Strip (1963 and 1964), Cyprus (1965,1971 and 1978), Vietnam, Egypt, Central America (1990–91, commanding the United Nations Observer Mission) and the former Yugoslavia (1992–1993).
Between peacekeeping missions MacKenzie served as an instructor at the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College (1979–82) and as director of army training at St. Hubert, Que.
In 1985, he was appointed director of Combat-Related Employment for Women and, in 1991, he was appointed deputy commander of the Canadian Army's Land Force Central Area.
Lewis MacKenzie was criticised by the Somalia Commission of Inquiry for his contribution to the Somalia Affair after Canadian Forces in Somalia committed human rights abuses and breaches of international humanitarian law and members of the Canadian command were found to have engaged in a subsequent cover-up.
The Commission observed that MacKenzie testified in an honest and straightforward manner; it did not always accept everything that he said but accepted that he offered the truth as he saw it.
It found that his superiors' desire to parade his successes as a bona fide hero of the Canadian Forces had impaired his ability to supervise and control matters that were his core responsibilities.
The Commission found that MacKenzie had failed adequately to investigate the significant leadership and discipline problems in the Canadian Airborne Regiment, to inform himself of the problems and to take decisive remedial steps to ensure they were adequately resolved.
In addition, it found that he did not adequately monitor the Regiment's training to ensure its development as a cohesive unit or make adequate provisions for the troops to be trained or tested on its newly developed Rules of Engagement and failed to direct and supervise the training of the Canadian Joint Force Somalia personnel in the Law of Armed Conflict for peace support operations.
The Commission further ruled that MacKenzie had important obligations as a commander and so bore responsibility for the failures that attached to the discharge of those obligations.
His role was pivotal and despite the fact that he was necessarily absent from his post due to obligations condoned by his superiors, errors in the chain of command below him remained his responsibility and flowed upwards from him to the highest levels of the command structure.
In February 1992, MacKenzie was named chief of staff of the United Nations peacekeeping force in former Yugoslavia, tasked with supervising the cease-fire in Croatia.
After criticising the United Nations' inability to command, control, and support its peacekeeping forces, he retired from the military in March 1993.
He has since written and lectured on his experiences in the former Yugoslavia questioning the numbers killed in the Srebrenica massacre, an event that came after his period of service in the area.
In 1993, investigative reporter and Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Roy Gutman accused Mackenzie of having two trips to Washington D.C., one to speak in front of the Heritage Foundation and the other to appear as an expert witness for the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee, funded by SERBNET, a Serbian-American lobbyist group.
When MacKenzie confirmed the source of the funds was indeed SERBNET, he donated the entire fee to the Canadian Federation of Aids Research (CANFAR).
Amir Attaran, a law professor and lawyer for Malgarai disagreed with Mackenzie, arguing that instead of comparing credibility, the military must release the records of detainee interrogations to Parliament, so that Parliament may determine what occurred, based upon the available facts.
According to Attaran, it is a legal requirement that the documents regarding detainee interrogations be produced, while they need not be made public.
MacKenzie is a recipient of the Vimy Award, which recognizes a Canadian who has made a significant and outstanding contribution to the defence and security of the nation and the preservation of its democratic values.
It was part of an ongoing selection of six comic strips that were to be voted into the comic by readers.
Daisy, however, has no feelings at all for Ernest, who is very stupid, but Ernest always fails to get the message.
Usually, by the end of the strip, Daisy ends up going out with another man who is in some way connected with the strip, e.g.
In one strip she opens her wardrobe and she has lots of the same set of clothes and then goes out to buy more.
By the time the 2000s came, the strip was still going strong, but with a slight twist to the usual ending of the strip; rather than Ernest being jilted by Daisy for another man, Ernest usually ended up being beaten up, falling from a great height, or otherwise suffering some painful misfortune, which usually put him in traction.
It is now the most recent strip ever featured in Classics from the Comics, with a 2003 story appearing in the August 2008 issue, Number 148.
Senior Airman (SrA) is the fourth enlisted rank in the United States Air Force, just above Airman First Class and below Staff Sergeant.
The latter was abolished in 1991 and the blue center star was changed to white to conform to all enlisted rank chevrons.
The Air Force promotes an Airman First Class (A1C) to Senior Airman after 24 months time in service (TIS) and 20 months time in grade (TIG), or 28 months TIG, whichever occurs first.
Outstanding Airmen First Class, limited to no more than 15 percent of the total, may be promoted to Senior Airmen six months early, in a competitive process called Below-the-Zone, which normally involves going before a competitive board.
Senior Airmen are expected to be technically proficient and begin to develop leadership skills, and may be expected to supervise an Airman of lesser rank.
Senior Airmen must attend the six-week Airman Leadership School, the first course of the Air Force's college of enlisted professional military education, before being promoted to staff sergeant.
Senior Airmen were promoted to Sergeant after 12 months' time in grade and completion of the now-defunct Non-Commissioned Officer Preparatory Course.
This schism reflected a desire by the Air Force in 1976 to subdivide enlisted ranks into a three-tier organization, a move which was resisted by the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force, resulting in the compromise dual-rank that lasted fifteen years.
Those personnel who had been promoted to Sergeant prior to this cut off date retained the rank until being promoted to a higher rank or leaving the service.
Due to high year of tenure rules in effect at the time, the last person to hold the rank was forced out of the Air Force on 23 March 1998.
Senior airmen wore similar chevrons, but with a blue (green on the fatigue or battle dress uniform) subdued central star, as did all airmen in the lowest tier.
The ranks of Senior Airman and Sergeant held the same pay grade, but Sergeants were expected to supervise other airmen as part of their duties as non-commissioned officers.
Those Air Force members against the change protested that the rank of Sergeant prepared Airmen for transition to Staff Sergeant, and that new Staff Sergeants would therefore be less well-trained for their new position.
In addition, Senior Airmen who complete Airman Leadership School may be expected to supervise lower-ranking Airmen but are not considered non-commissioned officers and therefore have limited authority.
Air Force personnel who supported the change argued that proper leadership training eliminated the need for a separate rank within the pay grade; moreover, the rank created disparity between individuals earning the same pay and benefits and, often, performing the same duties, since often there were no additional junior airmen in a given duty section for a new buck sergeant to supervise.
Senior Airmen are the lowest USAF rank eligible for selection as a USAF recruiter, and (before Fall of 2013) as a military training instructor for USAF basic military training.
Today, the USAF is again the only United States military service that does not have a non-commissioned officer rank at the E-4 pay grade.
Previously, from 1947 to 1952, and from late 1968 or early 1969 to 1997, the rank of Sergeant (E-4) was a non-commissioned officer rank in the USAF.
A technical sergeant is a noncommissioned officer and abbreviated as TSgt (with no period in official USAF and other military correspondence).
Within air force enlisted ranks, promotion to technical sergeant has historically been the second-most difficult rank to achieve (only the rank of senior master sergeant, capped by federal law, has lower promotion rates) and is the most difficult promotion that most career air force members achieve.
Technical sergeants mentor junior enlisted personnel while preparing themselves for promotion to master sergeant, the entry rank of the senior non-commissioned grades.
High year of tenure was reduced from 22 to 20 years in the 1990s, back to 22 years for a short time after 2001, and back to 20 years in 2013.
From 1941 until 1946, the rank was equivalent to grade 2, ranking with gunnery sergeant and other technical ranks with which it shared its insignia.
The rank of technical sergeant existed from after World War I until 1948 when the rank was renamed sergeant first class.
Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (; 11 June 1912 – 7 October 1990) was the Vice-President and 2nd Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and Ruler () of the Emirate of Dubai.
Sheikh Rashid was responsible for the transformation of Dubai from a small cluster of settlements near the Dubai Creek to a modern port city and commercial hub.
Dubai remained in a stand-off with Abu Dhabi at the time Sheikh Rashid became Ruler of Dubai following the armed border dispute between the two emirates in 1946, and he established a close relationship with Qatar.
In 1966, India devalued the rupee, and Qatar and Dubai adopted the Gulf rupee as a common currency, whilst Abu Dhabi adopted the Bahraini dinar.
The Emir of Kuwait assisted in the financing of the Dredging of the Creek, along with a popular issue of bonds, the 'creek bonds' and revenue derived from land reclamation made possible by the dredging.
The project resulted in Dubai's rising prominence as an entrepôt, a position cemented by the visionary construction of a 15-berth deep water port, Port Rashid, starting in 1969.
Sheikh Rashid brought Dubai to join Abu Dhabi and other northern Emirates to create the United Arab Emirates in 1971, and in 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a uniform currency, the UAE dirham.
Jebel Ali port was established in 1979, and the customs free zone Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZ) was built around the port in 1985.
Sheikh Rashid's father was Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum Al Maktoum while his mother was Sheikha Hessa bint Al Mur bin Hureiz Al Falasi.
Sheikh Rashid Al Maktoum married once to Sheikha Latifa bint Hamdan Al Nahyan, the daughter of Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid was the Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates from 1971 to 1979, and acceded as Ruler of Dubai on his father's death on 7 October 1990, until his death on 4 January 2006.
Following Maktoum's death in 2006, another of Sheikh Rashid's sons, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, acceded to these positions and is the current Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and the ruler of Dubai.
Surry Hills is immediately south-east of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney.
Surry Hills is surrounded by the suburbs of Darlinghurst to the north, Chippendale and Haymarket to the west, Moore Park and Paddington to the east and Redfern to the south.
It is bordered by Elizabeth Street and Chalmers Street to the west, Cleveland Street to the south, South Dowling Street to the east, and Oxford Street to the north.
In 1792, the boundaries of the Sydney Cove settlement were established between the head of Cockle Bay to the head of Woolloomooloo Bay.
West of the boundary, which included present-day Surry Hills, was considered suitable for farming and was granted to military officers and free settlers.
In the early years of the nineteenth century the area around what is now Prince Alfred Park was undeveloped land known as the Government Paddocks or Cleveland Paddocks.
The suburb remained one of contrasts for much of the nineteenth century, with the homes of wealthy merchants mixed with that of the commercial and working classes.
A road was formed along the southern boundary of the cemetery in the first half of the 1830s and was called Devonshire Street.
The Devonshire Street Cemetery, where many of the early settlers were buried, was later moved to build the Sydney railway terminus.
One purchase was by Thomas Broughton and subsequently acquired by George Hill who constructed Durham Hall on this and adjoining lots.
Surry Hills was favoured by newly arrived families after World War II when property values were low and accommodation was inexpensive.
From the 1980s, the area was gentrified, with many of the area's older houses and building restored and many new upper middle-class residents enjoying the benefits of inner-city living.
The West Kensington via Surry Hills Line operated from 1881 down Crown Street as far as Cleveland Street as a steam tramway.
It was extended to Phillip Street in 1909, Todman Avenue in 1912, and then to its final terminus down Todman Avenue in 1937.
When the line was fully operational it branched from the tramlines in Oxford Street and proceeded down Crown Street to Cleveland Street in Surry Hills, then south along Baptist Street to Phillip Street, where it swung left into Crescent Street before running south along Dowling Street.
The line along Crown Street closed in 1957, the remainder stayed open until 1961 to allow access to Dowling Street Tram Depot.
State Transit routes 301, 302 and 303 generally follow the route down Crown and Baptist Streets as far as Phillip Street.
Surry Hills Markets are held in Shannon Reserve at the corner of Crown and Collins Streets, on the first Saturday of every month, and the Surry Hills Festival is an annual community event, attracting tens of thousands of visitors, held in and around Ward Park, Shannon Reserve, Crown Street and Hill Street.
The Surry Hills Library and Community Centre sits opposite Shannon Reserve and houses the local branch of the city library and the Surry Hills Neighbourhood Centre.
Published in 1948, it portrays the life of a Catholic Irish-Australian family in Surry Hills, which was an inner city slum at the time.
Central railway station, the largest station on the Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink networks, sits on the western edge of Surry Hills.
Sydney Police Centre, Centennial Plaza, Belvoir Street Theatre, Tom Mann Theatre, Prince Alfred Park, Harmony Park, Surry Hills Library and Community Centre.
Surry Hills is largely composed of grand Victorian terraced houses and some complexes of public housing units to the west of Riley Street.
Examples of converted buildings previously used as hospitals include Crown Street Hospital and St. Margaret's, in addition to other building conversions.
Bourke Street Public School, Crown Street Public School, Sydney Community College, Sydney Boys High School and Sydney Girls High School are notable examples.
Surry Hills is categorised as a high wealth area, with a median weekly household income of $2,144, compared to the Australian average of $1,438.
The most common foreign countries of birth were England 6.4%, Thailand 3.9%, China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) 3.6%, New Zealand 3.2% and the United States of America 1.9%.
32.9% of the population walked to work, compared to the Australian average of 3.7%, and 30.2% travelled to work by public transport, compared to the Australian average of 10.4%.
Senior master sergeant (SMSgt) is the eighth enlisted rank (pay grade E-8) in the U.S. Air Force, just above master sergeant and below chief master sergeant and is a senior noncommissioned officer (SNCO).
SMSgts are key, experienced, operational leaders, skilled at merging their personnel's talents, skills, and resources with other teams' functions to most effectively accomplish the mission.
It is the second enlisted grade to which results of a central promotion board is the only factor in selection for promotion.
Selectees typically have vast technical and leadership experience gained from a broad variety of assignments at both line and staff functions throughout their careers.
Additionally, the successful candidate will typically have completed an associate's or bachelor's degree in their Air Force specialty as well as the Senior Noncommissioned Officer Correspondence Course and have had their latest performance report endorsed by a senior rater, usually a colonel or brigadier general.
Senior master sergeants typically assume superintendent duties, overseeing enlisted members' efforts to accomplish a major segment of a unit's mission, in preparation for promotion to the rank of chief master sergeant.
Senior master sergeants in the first sergeant special duty serve as first sergeants of larger units than those employing master sergeants as first sergeants.
Although the Air Force had been an independent service since 1947, the rank of senior master sergeant did not come into being until the authorization of the Military Pay Act of 1958.
It was not until late 1958 that the title of senior master sergeant (and the accompanying rank insignia) was decided upon after the enlisted force was polled.
At that time, the senior master sergeant rank had only a single chevron above and six below, and a chief two above and six below.
In 1994 the Air Force changed its NCO insignia so that a maximum of five stripes were placed on the bottom of the chevrons, adding one above to each of the top three grades, resulting in the present form.
Sumy was founded by Cossack Herasym Kondratyev from Stavyshche, Bila Tserkva Regiment on the bank of the Psel River, a tributary of the Dnieper.
In 1656–58 at the site of Sumyn early settlement under leadership of Muscovite voivode K. Arsenyev, there was built a city-fort that consisted of a fort and a grad (town).
In 1670s it was expanded by adding a fortified posad (craftsmen town), after which Sumy became the biggest fortress of Sloboda Ukraine.
At the end of 17th century Sumy played a role of collection point of Muscovite troops during the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689.
During the Great Northern War, from December 1708 to January 1709 the was the Stavka (headquarters) of Muscovite Chief of Commander headed by Tsar Peter the Great.
Established under the leadership of Prince A.Shakhovskoy, in 1734-43 in Sumy was located the Commission on streamlining the Sloboda Cossack regiments.
From its establishment and until the liquidation of Cossackdom in Sloboda Ukraine in 1765, the Cossack officer family of Kondratyevs had a great influence over the city.
Following the liquidation of Cossack community in 1765, Sumy Cossack Regiment as an administrative division was turned into Sumy Province of the newly created Sloboda Ukraine Governorate and the city of Sumy became its center.
After a period of stagnation (1765–1860s), Sumy began to transform into a big industrial and trade center with the Paul's Sugar-Refining Factory (est.
With the construction of a railroad Vorozhba – Merefa, in January 1877 in the city was built the Sumy train station.
During the Revolution of 1905, Sumy was one of several areas which became famous throughout Russia for in effect having established an independent peasant republic; the Sumy Republic was established by a peasant union.
During the German occupation of Ukraine during World War II (1941 – 1944), Sumy sustained heavy damage and was occupied from October 10, 1941 to September 2, 1943.
Sumy is located in the northeastern part of Ukraine within the Central Russian Upland and in historical region of Sloboda Ukraine.
The Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church was established in the city in 1901 and consecrated in 1911, but closed by governmental authorities two decades later; the churchhouse was thereafter used for non-religious purposes (e.g., it was used as a gym for Oleksandrivska Gymnasia) until its restoration as a Roman Catholic parish in May 1994, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
In 1732 year it was 7700 people, in 1773 year — 9380 people, in 1850 year — 10,256 people, in 1898 year — 26,355 people.
In 1959 year it was 98 015 people, in 1970 year — 159 thousand people, in 1975 year — 194 thousand people, in 1989 year — 291,264 people, in 1991 year — 303,3 thousand people.
Paintings of Taras Shevchenko, Vladimir Borovikovsky, I. Shyskin, Arkhip Kuindzhi and Tetyana Yablonska are on display, including a Dutch landscape by a painter of Jan van Goyen's circle.
The Chekhov Museum, located in Chekhov street is an architectural complex representing Lintvarev's country estate of the 18th and 19th centuries.
In 1888 and 1889 a great writer and dramatist Anton Chekhov was dreaming to settle in Luka forever but his dream did not come true.
The Museum of Banking history in the Sumy oblast and the History of Ukrainian Money was founded in 2006 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Ukrainian Academy of Banking on the basis of a unique collection of Ukrainian bonds – the paper money out of circulation, which were given to the academy by the National Bank of Ukraine.
The exposition of the bonds is arranged in the thematic-chronological order - from the first appearance of money to the present day.
In addition to the numerous historical documents, photographs, metal money (coins, souvenir bars), and commemorative medals of the National Bank of Ukraine, there is an exhibition presenting technical appliances used in the banking industry in the late 20th century.
The Yuvileiny Stadium, formerly known as Spartak, was planned to be renovated just before dissolution of the Soviet Union and in 1989 was demolished to be built anew.
Chief Master Sergeant (CMSgt) is the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force, just above Senior Master Sergeant, and is a senior non-commissioned officer rank.
Some Chief Master Sergeants manage the efforts of all enlisted personnel within their unit or major subsection while others run major staff functions at higher headquarters levels.
All Chief Master Sergeants are expected to serve as mentors for non-commissioned officers and junior enlisted members, and to serve as advisers to unit commanders and senior officers.
Formerly titled senior enlisted advisor, Command Chief Master Sergeants serve as senior advisors to commanders at key levels of command; these include Wings, Numbered Air Forces, Field Operating Agencies, and Major Commands.
In a Joint Command, when an Air Force Chief fills a DoD-nominated Command senior enlisted advisor position (see note), that individual is also designated as a Command Chief.
Command Chiefs advise the unit commanders on all enlisted matters, including all issues affecting the command's mission and operations, and the readiness, training, utilization, morale, technical and professional development, and quality of life of all enlisted members in the organization.
CCMs provide leadership to the enlisted force and are the functional managers for group superintendents and first sergeants in their organizations.
Group superintendents provide leadership, management, and guidance in organizing, equipping, training, and mobilizing groups to meet home station and expeditionary mission requirements.
Group superintendents work closely with their group commanders and command chief master sergeants to prepare the enlisted force to best execute mission requirements.
Additionally, they recommend or initiate actions to improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency as well as ensure that the management of personnel and resources are consistent with current practices and procedures in support of the wing’s mission.
They resolve issues between subordinate squadrons, other groups, wing staff, and outside agencies as well as perform other duties as directed by their group commanders.
Although the Air Force had been an independent service since 1947, the rank of chief master Sergeant did not come into being until the authorization of the Military Pay Act of 1958.
The original Chief Master Sergeant rank insignia (1958–1994) consisted of 2 chevrons on top, 3 stripes in the middle, and 3 rockers on bottom.
Until his retirement in 2003, Chief Master Sergeant Norman Marous was the Air Force's senior-most chief master sergeant, having served in the Air Force since 1962.
Marous left active duty in 1967 to spend 22 years in the USAF Reserve and National Guard before returning to active duty as a Chief Master Sergeant in 1989.
He is the only person authorized to wear two longevity ribbons, due to the space required for the number of multiple award devices authorized.
Chief master sergeant is also the highest attainable rank for enlisted personnel of the Philippine Army, the Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps (under the Philippine Navy); since 2004 as part of the ongoing modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
Above the rank is that of first chief master sergeant, created also in the same year and is bestowed on the most veteran NCO who has served in the aforementioned service branches.
Specifically, it is used for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) that are Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph), certain types of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), systemic mastocytosis, and myelodysplastic syndrome.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.
In the United States a typical dose for a year has a wholesale cost of $84,408.78, while in the United Kingdom the NHS was paying about £20,980 ($) in 2016.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved imatinib as first-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML, both in adults and children.
The drug is approved in multiple contexts of Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML, including after stem cell transplant, in blast crisis, and newly diagnosed.
Due in part to the development of imatinib and related drugs, the five year survival rate for people with chronic myeloid leukemia increased from 31% in 1993 to 59% in 2003 to 2009.
The FDA has approved imatinib for use in adults with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative diseases associated with platelet-derived growth factor receptor gene rearrangements, aggressive systemic mastocytosis without or an unknown D816V c-KIT mutation, hypereosinophilic syndrome and/or chronic eosinophilic leukemia who have the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase (CHIC2 allele deletion) or FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase negative or unknown, unresectable, recurrent and/or metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
For treatment of progressive plexiform neurofibromas associated with neurofibromatosis type I, early research has shown potential for using the c-KIT tyrosine kinase blocking properties of imatinib.
The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, leg aches/cramps, fluid retention, visual disturbances, itchy rash, lowered resistance to infection, bruising or bleeding, loss of appetite; weight gain, reduced number of blood cells (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia), and edema.
Severe congestive cardiac failure is an uncommon but recognized side effect of imatinib and mice treated with large doses of imatinib show toxic damage to their myocardium.
If imatinib is used in prepubescent children, it can delay normal growth, although a proportion will experience catch-up growth during puberty.
The enzymatic activity catalyzed by a tyrosine kinase is the transfer of the terminal phosphate from ATP to tyrosine residues on its substrates, a process known as protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
This fact explains why many BCR-ABL mutations can cause resistance to imatinib by shifting its equilibrium toward the open or active conformation.
Metabolism of imatinib occurs in the liver and is mediated by several isozymes of the cytochrome P450 system, including CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19.
The major route of elimination is in the bile and feces; only a small portion of the drug is excreted in the urine.
Its use is advised against in people on strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, ritonavir and nefazodone due to its reliance on CYP3A4 for metabolism.
Likewise it is a CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 inhibitor and hence concurrent treatment with substrates of any of these enzymes may increase plasma concentrations of said drugs.
Since imatinib is mainly metabolised via the liver enzyme CYP3A4, substances influencing the activity of this enzyme change the plasma concentration of the drug.
Imatinib also acts as an inhibitor of CYP3A4, 2C9 and 2D6, increasing the plasma concentrations of a number of other drugs like simvastatin, ciclosporin, pimozide, warfarin, metoprolol, and possibly paracetamol.
As with other immunosuppressants, application of live vaccines is contraindicated because the microorganisms in the vaccine could multiply and infect the patient.
Imatinib was invented in the late 1990s by scientists at Ciba-Geigy (which merged with Sandoz in 1996 to become Novartis), in a team led by biochemist Nicholas Lydon and that included Elisabeth Buchdunger and Jürg Zimmermann and its use to treat CML was driven by oncologist Brian Druker of Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU).
Other major contributions to imatinib development were made by Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, a physician, scientist, and hematologist at University of Milano Bicocca, Italy, John Goldman at Hammersmith Hospital in London, UK, and later on by Charles Sawyers of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
This lead compound was then tested and modified by the introduction of methyl and benzamide groups to give it enhanced binding properties, resulting in imatinib.
When Novartis tested imatinib in rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys in 1996, it was found to have several toxic effects; in particular, results indicating liver damage in dogs nearly stopped drug development completely.
The first clinical trial of Gleevec took place in 1998, after Novartis reluctantly synthesized and released a few grams of the drug for Druker, enough for him to run a trial using a hundred or so patients.
The drug received FDA approval in May 2001, only two and a half years after the new drug application was submitted.
A Swiss patent application was filed on imatinib and various salts on in April 1992, which was then filed in the EU, the US, and other countries in March and April 1993. and in 1996 United States and European patent offices issued patents listing Jürg Zimmermann as the inventor.
In July 1997, Novartis filed a new patent application in Switzerland on the beta crystalline form of imatinib mesylate (the mesylate salt of imatinib).
This is the actual form of the drug sold as Gleevec/Glivec; a salt (imatinib mesylate) as opposed to a free base, and the beta crystalline form as opposed to the alpha or other form.
They wrote that in 2001, imatinib was priced at $30,000 a year, which was based on the price of interferon, then the standard treatment, and that at this price Novartis would have recouped its initial development costs in two years.
They wrote that after unexpectedly becoming a blockbuster, Novartis increased the price to $92,000 per year in 2012, with annual revenues of $4.7 billion.
By 2016, the average wholesale price had increased to $120,000 a year, according to an analysis prepared for the Washington Post by Stacie Dusetzina of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
When competitive drugs came on the market, they were sold at a higher price to reflect the smaller population, and Novartis raised the price of Gleevec to match them.
A 2012 economic analysis funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb estimated that the discovery and development of imatinib and related drugs had created $143 billion in societal value at a cost to consumers of approximately $14 billion.
The $143 billion figure was based on an estimated 7.5 to 17.5 year survival advantage conferred by imatinib treatment, and included the value (discounted at 3% per annum) of ongoing benefits to society after the imatinib patent expiration.
Prices for a 100 mg pill of Gleevec internationally range from $20 to $30, although generic imatinib is cheaper, as low as $2 per pill.
Novartis fought a seven-year, controversial battle to patent Gleevec in India, and took the case all the way to the Indian Supreme Court.
The patent application at the center of the case was filed by Novartis in India in 1998, after India had agreed to enter the World Trade Organization and to abide by worldwide intellectual property standards under the TRIPS agreement.
As part of this agreement, India made changes to its patent law, the biggest of which was that prior to these changes, patents on products were not allowed, while afterwards they were, albeit with restrictions.
In 1993, during the time India did not allow patents on products, Novartis had patented imatinib, with salts vaguely specified, in many countries but could not patent it in India.
As provided under the TRIPS agreement, Novartis applied for Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR) for Gleevec from the Indian Patent Office and the EMR was granted in November 2003.
When examination of Novartis' patent application began in 2005, it came under immediate attack from oppositions initiated by generic companies that were already selling Gleevec in India and by advocacy groups.
The key basis for the rejection was the part of Indian patent law that was created by amendment in 2005, describing the patentability of new uses for known drugs and modifications of known drugs.
At one point, Novartis went to court to try to invalidate Section 3d; it argued that the provision was unconstitutionally vague and that it violated TRIPS.
One study demonstrated that imatinib mesylate was effective in patients with systemic mastocytosis, including those who had the D816V mutation in c-KIT.
However, since imatinib binds to tyrosine kinases when they are in the inactive configuration and the D816V mutant of c-KIT is constitutively active, imatinib does not inhibit the kinase activity of the D816V mutant of c-KIT.
Experience has shown, however, that imatinib is much less effective in patients with this mutation, and patients with the mutation comprise nearly 90% of cases of mastocytosis.
It was shown to reduce both the smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pulmonary vasculature in a variety of disease processes, including portopulmonary hypertension.
However, a long-term trial of Imatinib in people with pulmonary arterial hypertension was unsuccessful, and serious and unexpected adverse events were frequent.
In laboratory settings, imatinib is being used as an experimental agent to suppress platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by inhibiting its receptor (PDGF-Rβ).
Mouse animal studies have suggested that imatinib and related drugs may be useful in treating smallpox, should an outbreak ever occur.
GSAP selectively increases the production and accumulation of neurotoxic beta-amyloid plaques, which suggests that molecules which target GSAP and are able to cross blood–brain barrier are potential therapeutic agents for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Another study suggests that imatinib may not need to cross the blood–brain barrier to be effective at treating Alzheimer's, as the research indicates the production of beta-amyloid may begin in the liver.
It is not known whether reduction of beta-amyloid is a feasible way of treating Alzheimer's, as an anti-beta-amyloid vaccine has been shown to clear the brain of plaques without having any effect on Alzheimer symptoms.
A formulation of imatinib with a cyclodextrin (Captisol) as a carrier to overcome the blood–brain barrier is also currently considered as an experimental drug for lowering and reversing opioid tolerance.
The Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force (acronym: CMSAF) is a unique non-commissioned rank in the United States Air Force.
The holder of this rank and position of office represents the highest enlisted level of leadership in the Air Force, unless an enlisted airmen is serving as the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman.
The CMSAF provides direction for the enlisted corps and represents their interests, as appropriate, to the American public, and to those in all levels of government.
The CMSAF is appointed by the Air Force Chief of Staff (AF/CC) and serves as the senior enlisted advisor to the Air Force Chief of Staff and the Secretary of the Air Force on all issues regarding the welfare, readiness, morale, and proper utilization and progress of the enlisted force.
On February 17, 2017, Chief Kaleth O. Wright succeeded Chief James A. Cody, to become the 18th Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force.
On November 1, 2004, the CMSAF's rank insignia was updated to include the Great Seal of the United States of America and two stars in the upper field.
This puts the insignia in line with those of the Army and Marine Corps which have similar insignia to denote their senior enlisted servicemen.
The laurel wreath around the star in the lower field remained unchanged, to retain the legacy of the Chief Master Sergeants of the Air Force.
Enlisted airmen's cap device is the Coat of Arms of the United States, surrounded by a ring, all struck from silver-colored metal.
The Sergeant Major of the Army, Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force and the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman are the only members of the United States armed forces below the rank of brigadier general/rear admiral, lower half to be authorized a positional color (flag).
Jacob David Bekenstein (; May 1, 1947 – August 16, 2015) was a Mexican-born Israeli-American theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation.
Bekenstein attended the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, now known as the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering, obtaining both an undergraduate degree and a Master of Science degree in 1969.
He went on to receive a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Princeton University, working under the direction of John Archibald Wheeler, in 1972.
By 1972, Bekenstein had published three influential papers about the black hole stellar phenomenon, postulating the no-hair theorem and presenting a theory on black hole thermodynamics.
In 1990, he became a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and was appointed head of its theoretical physics department three years later.
In addition to lectures and residencies around the world, Bekenstein continued to serve as Polak professor of theoretical physics at the Hebrew University until his death at the age of 68, in Helsinki, Finland.
Both contributions were affirmed when Stephen Hawking (and, independently, Zeldovich and others) proposed the existence of Hawking radiation two years later.
Hawking had initially opposed Bekenstein's idea on the grounds that a black hole could not radiate energy and therefore could not have entropy.
Based on his black-hole thermodynamics work, Bekenstein also demonstrated the Bekenstein bound: there is a maximum to the amount of information that can potentially be stored in a given finite region of space which has a finite amount of energy (which is similar to the holographic principle).
It is known as TeVeS for Tensor/Vector/Scalar and it introduces three different fields in space time to replace the one gravitational field.
Palm Beach is bounded by Broken Bay to the north, the Tasman Sea (within the South Pacific Ocean) to the east, Whale Beach, Avalon and Clareville to the south, and Pittwater to the west.
The headland at the northernmost point rises quite sharply from the beach to over above sea level, and features an operational lighthouse.
The narrow sandy isthmus or tombolo linking the south side of the headland to the rest of Palm Beach had extensive fencing and shrub planting undertaken during the 1980s to combat sand erosion.
Along the cliffs and sanddunes there is much remnant bushland vegetation, located in reserves and national parks, with Barrenjoey headland being part of Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park.
Landmarks include the Barrenjoey Lighthouse, Palm Beach-Boanbong Water Reservoir, Palm Beach-McKay Water Reservoir, Palm Beach-Squaters Lodge, Blueberry Ash, and Iluka Resort Apartments.
The long east-facing eponymous beach curves in a gentle arc between the prominent high, lighthouse capped, Barrenjoey Head to the sandstone rocks of Little Head in the south, beach linking Barrenjoey to the mainland.
Rips usually extend all the way to the head, though usually smaller in size, with a weak permanent rip against the southern rocks.
Governor Philip explored the area in 1788, and named the headland 'Barrenjuee', which was an indigenous word apparently meaning 'young kangaroo'.
In 1900 all land, except Barrenjoey Headland, which had been purchased by the government in 1881, was divided into 18 large blocks, listed as good grazing land, and offered for sale.
Since World War II the area has become more residential but still remains a secluded peninsula at the northern point of Pittwater.
Facilities in Palm Beach include a milk bar, a large RSL, hairdresser, beautician, preschool, and a number of cafes, restaurants, and bed and breakfast establishments.
The nearest primary school and high school for people residing in Palm Beach are the Avalon Public School - which is a co-educational primary school catering for students K - 6; and Barrenjoey High School - which is a co-educational high school catering for students 7 - 12.
Palm Beach Water Airport is located at the north end of Governor Phillip Drive and Golf Drive, just south of the headland.
The Palm Beach Ferry runs a service from a wharf in the town centre to Ettalong, Great Mackerel Beach, Currawong Beach, Coasters Retreat and The Basin.
Palm Beach has a number of parks, beaches, and sporting areas, including part of the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, and the beach which gives the area its name.
Palm Beach Surf Life Saving Club, founded in 1921 (at the south end of the beach), is patrolled by paid surf lifesavers on weekdays during summer and by volunteers from the Palm Beach SLSC on weekends.
The beach also attracts rock climbers, due to there being two sandstone boulders with highly featured vertical and overhanging features allowing for bouldering.
Sultan Suleyman used Mimar Sinan (d. 1588), the greatest engineer and architect of his time for the work of this mosque .
In reality the planning of the mosque began before 1550 and parts of the complex were not completed until after 1557.
Subsequent repairs damaged what was left of the original decoration of Sinan (recent cleaning has shown that Sinan experimented first with blue, before making red the dominant color of the dome).
During World War I the courtyard was used as a weapons depot, and when some of the ammunition ignited, the mosque suffered another fire.
The construction of the Haliç Metro Bridge in 2013 has irreparably altered the view of the mosque from north.The Suleymaniye mosque was built under the direction of Sultan Suleyman, who appointed Mimar Sinan, one of the architects of the state, to construct the mosque.
Later the mosque was rebuilt again and the physical structure of the mosque is again beautiful but altered to some extent.
Like the other imperial mosques in Istanbul, the entrance to the mosque itself is preceded by a forecourt with a central fountain.
At the time it was built, the dome was the highest in the Ottoman Empire, when measured from sea level, but still lower from its base and smaller in diameter than that of Hagia Sophia.Looking from a distance, the mosque has four minarets.
The dome is flanked by semi-domes, and to the north and south arches with tympana-filled windows, supported by enormous porphyry monoliths.
He incorporated the buttresses into the walls of the building, with half projecting inside and half projecting outside, and then hid the projections by building colonnaded galleries.
The white marble mihrab and mimbar are also simple in design, and woodwork is restrained, with simple designs in ivory and mother of pearl.the interior structure of the Suleymaniye mosque is very attractive.
The mosque is a single space equipped with multiple domes, that is, any side of the floor of the mosque is made up of multiple domes.
Any sound inside the mosque is echoed and the reflection of the words in the form of waves is very sweet.
For example: Sultan Ahmed or the Blue Mosque, Suleymaniye mosque and Shahzadah mosque in Istanbul, and Muhammad Ali mosque in Egypt”.
A hole has been created at the top of the dome through which the light enters from the direction of the sun.
Along with the design, the names of Allah and the Prophet have been added to the dome and pillars of the mosque.
The interior of the mosque is surrounded by carpets brought from Cairo in Egypt and the city of Usak in Turkey.
The much larger octagonal mausoleum of Suleiman the Magnificent bears the date of 1566, the year of his death, but it was probably not completed until the following year.
The mausoleum is surrounded by a peristyle with a roof supported by 24 columns and has the entrance facing east rather than the usual north.
These are the earliest tiles that are decorated with the bright emerald green colour that would become a common feature of Iznik ceramics.
There are 14 windows set at ground level and an additional 24 windows with stained glass set in the tympana under the arches.
In addition to the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent, the mausoleum houses the tombs of his daughter Mihrimah Sultan and those of two later sultans: Suleiman II (ruled 1687-1691) and Ahmed II (ruled 1691 to 1695).
Umber is not one precise color, but a range of different colors, from medium to dark, from yellowish to reddish to grayish.
Umber earth pigments contain between five and twenty percent manganese oxide, which accounts for their being a darker color than yellow ochre or sienna.
Pigments containing the natural umber earths indicate them on the label as PBr7 (Pigment brown 7), following the Colour Index International system.
Umber was one of the first pigments used by humans; it is found along with carbon black, red and yellow ocher in cave paintings from the Neolithic period.
Dark brown pigments were rarely used in Medieval art; artists of that period preferred bright, distinct colors such as red, blue and green.
The umbers were not widely used in Europe before the end of the fifteenth century; the Renaissance painter and writer Giorgio Vasari (1511–1574) described them as being rather new in his time.
Rembrandt used it as an important element of his rich and complex browns, and he also took advantage of its other qualities; it dried more quickly than other browns, and therefore he often used it as a ground so he could work more quickly, or mixed it with other pigments to speed up the drying process.
The Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer used umber to create shadows on whitewashed walls that were warmer and more harmonious than those created with black pigment.
The impressionists chose to make their own browns from mixtures of red, yellow, green, blue and other pigments, particularly the new synthetic pigments such as cobalt blue and emerald green that had just been introduced.
In the 20th century, natural umber pigments began to be replaced by pigments made with synthetic iron oxide and manganese oxide.
Burnt umber is made by heating raw umber, which dehydrates the iron oxides and changes them partially to the more reddish hematite.
Michel Charles-Émile Trudeau (October 2, 1975 – November 13, 1998) was the youngest son of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Margaret Trudeau and the younger brother of current Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
Trudeau was known to family and friends as Miche, a nickname given to him as a four-month-old by Fidel Castro when he accompanied his father and mother to Cuba in 1976, and he later started going by Mike.
Trudeau lived his early life in Ottawa and later Montreal upon his father's retirement from politics in 1984, where he was a classmate of Sophie Grégoire.
During their summer breaks, Michel and his brothers attended Camp Ahmek on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park where he would later work as a camp counsellor.
At the time, he had been working for about a year at Red Mountain Resort and living in Rossland, British Columbia.
He was taking a backcountry skiing trip with some friends in Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park when he was swept into Kokanee Lake and unable to reach the shore.
In 1806, Sultan Selim III, encouraged by the Russian defeat at Austerlitz and advised by the French Empire, deposed the pro-Russian Constantine Ypsilanti as Hospodar of the Principality of Wallachia and Alexander Mourousis as Hospodar of Moldavia, both Ottoman vassal states.
In order to safeguard the Russian border against a possible French attack, a 40,000-strong Russian contingent advanced into Moldavia and Wallachia.
Initially, Emperor Alexander I was reluctant to concentrate large forces against the Ottoman Empire while his relations with Napoleonic France were still uncertain and the main part of his army was occupied fighting against Napoleon in Prussia.
A massive Ottoman offensive aimed at Russian-occupied Bucharest, the Wallachian capital, was promptly checked at Obilesti by as few as 4,500 soldiers commanded by Mikhail Miloradovich (June 2, 1807).
In the meantime, the Russian Imperial Navy under Dmitry Senyavin blockaded the Dardanelles and defeated the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of the Dardanelles, after which Selim III was deposed.
The Russian Emperor, constrained by Napoleon to sign an armistice with the Turks, used the time of peace to transfer more Russian soldiers from Prussia to Bessarabia.
After the southern army was augmented to 80,000 and the hostilities were resumed, the 76-year-old commander-in-chief Prozorovsky made little progress in more than a year.
Bagration proceeded to lay siege to Silistra but, on hearing that the 50,000-strong Turkish army approached the city, deemed it wise to evacuate Dobruja and retreat to Bessarabia.
In 1810, the hostilities were renewed by the brothers Nikolay and Sergei Kamensky, who defeated the Ottoman reinforcement heading for Silistra and ousted the Turks from Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (May 22).
His storm of the citadel was repelled at great loss of life, and more bloodshed ensued during the storming of the Danubian port of Rousse (or Rustchuk) on 22 July.
The latter fortress did not fall to the Russians until 9 September, after Kamensky's army had surprised and routed a huge Turkish detachment at Batyn on 26 August.
However the young Nikolay Kamensky caught a serious illness on February 4, 1811 and died soon thereafter, left the army under the command of Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron.
To this point, although the Russians had won many battles, they had failed to achieve any important victories that would force the Ottomans to end the war.
The Russian Empire found that she needed to end the southern war quickly in order to concentrate on dealing with Napoleon.
In such a situation, Tsar Alexander appointed his disfavoured general Mikhail Kutuzov to be the new commander of the Russian force.
In 1811, 60,000 Turkish troops led by Grand Vizier Lal Aziz Ahmet Pasha gathered at Shumla, the strongest Turkish fortress at that time.
However, the Russian commander had plenty of experience fighting the Turks: he knew that the Turks were only strong at the initial cavalry offensive and then its strength would rapidly decline after this cavalry assault was repelled; so the Russians had a great advantage when fighting in open battle.
On the night of 2 November 1811 a separate Russian cavalry detachment secretly crossed the Danube and assaulted the east-bank Turkish troops, slew 9,000 troops and captured the remaining ones with all the Turks' provisions.
The Russian commander let Ahmet escape because he knew that, according to Turkish law, the encircled Grand Vizier could not take part in peace negotiations - and peace is what Kutuzov needed.
Tsar Alexander I did not agree with Kutuzov's idea, but Kutuzov explained that by keeping the Turks alive, he actually was holding a larger number of hostages and that would force the Sultan to negotiate.
The Turks took the offensive, failed three times to take Gyumri and then were completely defeated by Gudovich (Battle of Arpachai).
In 1811 Tormasov was recalled at his own request and replaced by Paulucci in Transcaucasia, Rtishchev taking over the Northern Line.
He made a forced march over the snow-covered mountains, avoiding the main roads, attacked at night, and had storming parties on the walls before the Turks knew the Russians were there.
Paulucci was sent west to command troops against Napoleon, and Rtishchev became commander of forces on both sides of the Caucasus mountains.
By the Treaty of Bucharest (1812), signed in May just before the Napoleonic invasion of Russia, Turkey gave up Bassarabia in the west but regained nearly all it had lost in the east: Poti, Anapa and Akhalkalali.
According to the Treaty, the Ottoman Empire ceded the eastern half of Moldavia to Russia (which renamed the territory as Bessarabia), although it had committed to protecting that region.
In Transcaucasia, the frontier remained virtually unchanged as the Russians returned much of the land that they had captured during the conflict.
The treaty was approved by Alexander I of Russia on June 11, some 13 days before Napoleon's invasion of Russia began.
The commanders were able to get many of the Russian soldiers in the Balkans back to the western areas before the expected attack of Napoleon.
Eastern Creek is located west of the Sydney central business district, in the Blacktown local government area and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.
Eastern Creek is west of the Prospect Reservoir and is most notable for containing Sydney Motorsport Park (previously known as Eastern Creek Raceway), the Western Sydney International Dragway.
The origin of the suburb's name lies in the fact the eastern branch of South Creek became known as Eastern Creek.
Eastern Creek features many industrial developments and often the description 'Eastern Creek Area' also includes the industrial developments in the neighbouring suburbs of Arndell Park and Huntingwood.
Boxing in the 1930s was affected by one of the biggest economic struggles in the history of the United States: the depression era.
Because of the suffering American economy, many boxers were offered lower amounts of money causing them to only box for passion.
The exam traces its origin to the academic statutes from 1655 requiring the dean to examine students arriving at university before allowing matriculation.
According to the school reglement of 1693, a prospective student was to have gone through both a final examination at school and an entrance examination at university.
Earth pigments are naturally occurring minerals containing metal oxides, principally iron oxides and manganese oxides, that have been used since prehistoric times as pigments.
After mining, the mineral used for making a pigment is ground to a very fine powder (if not already in the form of clay), washed to remove water-soluble components, dried, and ground again to powder.
His apprentices would later design the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul and Stari Most in Mostar, and help design the Taj Mahal in the Mughal Empire.
He rose rapidly through the ranks to become first an officer and finally a Janissary commander, with the honorific title of ağa.
He refined his architectural and engineering skills while on campaign with the Janissaries, becoming expert at constructing fortifications of all kinds, as well as military infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges and aqueducts.
He headed an extensive governmental department and trained many assistants who, in turn, distinguished themselves, including Sedefkar Mehmed Agha, architect of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque.
He is considered the greatest architect of the classical period of Ottoman architecture and has been compared to Michelangelo, his contemporary in the West.
Michelangelo and his plans for St. Peter's Basilica in Rome were well known in Istanbul, since Leonardo da Vinci and he had been invited, in 1502 and 1505 respectively, by the Sublime Porte to submit plans for a bridge spanning the Golden Horn.
According to contemporary biographer, Mustafa Sâi Çelebi, Sinan was born in 1489 (c. 1490 according to the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1491 according to the Dictionary of Islamic Architecture and some time between 1494 and 1499, according to the Turkish professor and architect Reha Günay) with the name Joseph.
He was born either an Armenian, Cappadocian Greek, Albanian, or a Christian Turk in a small town called Ağırnas near the city of Kayseri in Anatolia (as stated in an order by Sultan Selim II).
One argument that lends credence to his Armenian or Greek background is a decree by Selim II dated Ramadan 7 981 (ca.
According to some scholars, this means that his family was Cappadocian Greek because the only Orthodox Christians (Rums) of the region were Greeks.
Sinan grew up helping his father in his work, and by the time that he was conscripted would have had a good grounding in the practicalities of building work.
There are three brief records (Anonymous Text; Architectural Masterpieces; Book of Architecture) in the library of Topkapı Palace, dictated by Sinan to his friend and biographer Mustafa Sâi Çelebi.
He was too old to be admitted to the imperial Enderun School in the Topkapı Palace but was sent instead to an auxiliary school.
Some records claim that he might have served the Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha as a novice of the Ibrahim Pasha School.
He initially learned carpentry and mathematics but through his intellectual qualities and ambitions, he soon assisted the leading architects and got his training as an architect.
He possibly joined Selim I in his last military campaign, Rhodes according to some sources, but when the Sultan died, this project ended.
Under the new sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, he was present, as a member of the Household Cavalry, at the Battle of Mohács.
He became a master of archery, while at the same time, as an architect, learning the weak points of structures when gunning them down.
When the Ottoman army captured Cairo, Sinan was promoted to chief architect and was given the privilege of tearing down any buildings in the captured city that were not according to the city plan.
During the campaign in the East, he assisted in the building of defences and bridges, such as a bridge across the Danube.
When Chelebi Lütfi Pasha became Grand Vizier in 1539, he appointed Sinan, who had previously served under his command, to the office of Architect of the Abode of Felicity.
Through the years he transformed his office into that of Architect of the Empire, an elaborate government department, with greater powers than his supervising minister.
Sinan held the position of chief architect of the palace, which meant being the overseer of all construction work of the Ottoman Empire, for nearly 50 years, working with a large team of assistants consisting of architects and master builders.
The first two of these are in Istanbul: the Şehzade Mosque, which he calls a work of his apprenticeship period and the Süleymaniye Mosque, which is the work of his qualification stage.
The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, which is also known as the Üsküdar Quay Mosque, was completed in the same year and has an original design with its main dome supported by three half domes.
This building, situated on one of the hills of Istanbul facing the Golden Horn, and built in the name of Süleyman the Magnificent, is one of the symbolic monuments of the period.
The diameter of the dome, which exceeds the of the Selimiye Mosque which Sinan completed when he was 80, is the most outstanding example of the level of achievement reached by Sinan.
Sinan's own mausoleum, which is located in the north-east part of the Süleymaniye complex on the other hand, is a very plain structure.
Other important examples are the Ailivri Bridge, the Old Bridge in Svilengrad on the Maritsa, the Lüleburgaz (Sokullu Mehmet Pasha) Bridge on the Lüleburgaz River, the Sinanlı Bridge over the river Ergene and the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge over Drina river in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
While Sinan was maintaining and improving the water supply system of Istanbul, he built arched aqueducts at several locations within the city.
The Mağlova Arch over the Alibey River, which is long and high, has two tiers of arches, and is one of the best examples of its kind.
An architect could sketch a plan for a new building and an assistant or foreman knew what to do, because novel ideas were avoided.
During these years he continued the traditional pattern of Ottoman architecture, but he gradually began exploring other possibilities, because during his military career he had had the opportunity to study the architectural monuments in the conquered cities of Europe and the Middle East.
His first major commission as the royal architect was the construction of a modest Haseki Hürrem complex for Roxelana (Hürem Sultan), the wife of the sultan, Süleyman the Magnificent.
Sinan is credited to have built a defensive tower in Vlorë, south Albania, in 1537, very similar to the White Tower of Thessaloniki, as well as Muradie Mosque, during Suleiman the Magnificent's stay in the town for the preparation of his expedition towards Italy.
It stands on the shore of Beşiktaş on the European part of Istanbul, at the site where his fleet used to assemble.
This Iskele Mosque (or Jetty mosque) already shows several hallmarks of Sinan's mature style: a spacious, high-vaulted basement, slender minarets, single-domed baldacchino, flanked by three semi-domes ending in three exedrae and a broad double portico.
The construction of a double portico was not a first in Ottoman architecture, but it set a trend for country mosques and mosques of viziers in particular.
Rüstem Pasha and Mihrimah required them later in their three mosques in Constantinople and in the Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Tekirdağ.
When sultan Süleyman the Magnificent returned from another Balkan campaign, he received news that his heir to the throne Ṣehzade Mehmet had died at the age of twenty-two.
In November 1543, not long after Sinan had started the construction of the Iskele Mosque, the sultan ordered Sinan to build a new major mosque with an adjoining complex in memory of his favourite son.
Obsessed by the concept of a large central dome, Sinan turned to the plans of mosques such as the Fatih Pasha Mosque in Diyarbakır or the Piri Pasha Mosque in Hasköy.
This superstructure is supported by four massive, but still elegant, free-standing octagonal fluted piers and four piers incorporated in each lateral wall.
Sedefkar Mehmed Agha would later copy the concept of fluted piers in his Sultan Ahmed Mosque in an attempt to lighten their appearance.
Having built a mosque for his son, he felt it was time to construct his own imperial mosque, an enduring monument larger than all the others, to be built on a gently sloping hillside dominating the Golden Horn.
Money was no problem, since he had accumulated a treasure from the loot of his campaigns in Europe and the Middle East.
However, in a later stage, he also used divisions of three or ratios of two to three when working out the width and the proportions of domes, such as the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque at Kadırga.
While he was fully occupied with the construction of the Süleymaniye, Sinan or his subordinates drew up the plans and gave instructions for many other constructions.
Between 1553 and 1555, Sinan built the Sinan Pasha Mosque at Beşiktaş, a smaller version of the Üç Şerefeli Mosque at Edirne, for the Grand Admiral Sinan Pasha.
This proves again that Sinan had thoroughly studied the work of other architects, especially since he was responsible for the upkeep of these buildings.
He copied the old form, pondered over the weaknesses in the construction and tried to solve this with his own solution.
In 1554, Sinan used the form of the Sinan Pasha mosque again for the construction of the mosque for the next Grand Vizier Kara Ahmet Pasha in Constantinople, his first hexagonal mosque.
By using a hexagonal plan, Sinan could reduce the side domes to half-domes and set them in the corners at an angle of 45 degrees.
Clearly, Sinan must have appreciated this form, since he repeated it later in mosques such as the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque at Kadırga and the Atik Valide Mosque at Üsküdar.
In 1556, Sinan built the Haseki Hürrem Hamam, replacing the antique Baths of Zeuxippus, which are still standing close to the Hagia Sophia.
In 1561, when Rüstem Pasha died, Sinan began the construction of the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, as a memorial supervised by his widow Mihrimah Sultana.
This time the central form is octagonal, modelled on the monastery church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus, with four small semi-domes set in the corners.
In the same year, Sinan built a türbe for Rüstem Pasha in the garden of the Şehzade Mosque, decorated with the finest tiles Iznik could produce.
There is some speculation concerning the dates; until recently this was supposed to be between 1540 and 1540, but now it is generally accepted to be between 1562 and 1565.
Sinan, concerned with grandeur, built a mosque in one of his most imaginative designs, using new support systems and lateral spaces to increase the area available for windows.
He built a central dome high and wide, supported by pendentives, on a square base with two lateral galleries, each with three cupolas.
At each corner of this square stands a gigantic pier, connected with immense arches each with 15 large windows and four circular ones, flooding the interior with light.
Sinan certainly conceived the plans and partly supervised the construction, but left the building of lesser areas to less than competent hands, since Sinan and his most able assistants were about to begin his masterpiece, the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne.
This can be seen in the Sokollu Mehmet Paşa mosque in Kadırga, Istanbul (1571–1572) and in the Selimiye mosque in Edirne.
In other buildings of his final period, Sinan experimented with spatial and mural treatments that were new in the classical Ottoman architecture.
Breaking free of the handicaps of traditional Ottoman architecture, this mosque marks the climax of Sinan's work and of all classical Ottoman architecture.
In fact, the dome height from the ground level was lower and the diameter barely larger (0.5 meters, approximately 2 feet) than the millennium-older Hagia Sophia.
In this mosque he finally realized his aim of creating the optimum, completely unified, domed interior : a triumph of space that dominates the interior.
He used this time an octagonal central dome (31.28 m wide and 42 m high), supported by eight elephantine piers of marble and granite.
These supports lack any capitals but have squinches or consoles at their summit, leading to the optical effect that the arches seem to grow integrally out of the piers.
The four minarets (83 m high) at the corners of the prayer hall are the tallest in the Muslim world, accentuating the vertical posture of this mosque that already dominates the city.
He has also built Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad across the Drina River in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina which is now UNESCO World Heritage Site.
His training as an army engineer led him to approach architecture from an empirical point of view, rather than from a theoretical one.
He tried to obtain a new geometrical purity, a rationality and a spatial integrity in his structures and designs of mosques.
He started to develop a series of variations on the domes, surrounding them in different ways with semi-domes, piers, screen walls and different sets of galleries.
His domes and arches are curved, but he avoided curvilinear elements in the rest of his design, transforming the circle of the dome into a rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal system.
He tried to obtain a rational harmony between the exterior pyramidal composition of semi-domes, culminating in a single drumless dome, and the interior space where this central dome vertically integrates the space into a unified whole.
It gives the year of his death and records that Sinan built 400 masjids (small mosques), 80 Friday mosques and the Kanuni Sultan Suleiman bridge at Büyükçekmece.
Proponents of the racial science popular at the time, they claimed that measurements of Sinan's skull proved that he was actually Turkish.
The invasion of Java in 1811 was a successful British amphibious operation against the Dutch East Indian island of Java that took place between August and September 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars.
Originally established as a colony of the Dutch Republic, Java remained in Dutch hands throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, during which time the French invaded the Republic and established the Batavian Republic in 1795, and the Kingdom of Holland in 1806.
The Kingdom of Holland was annexed to the First French Empire in 1810, and Java became a titular French colony, though it continued to be administered and defended primarily by Dutch personnel.
After the fall of French colonies in the West Indies in 1809 and 1810, and a successful campaign against French possessions in Mauritius in 1810 and 1811, attention turned to the Dutch East Indies.
An expedition was dispatched from India in April 1811, while a small squadron of frigates was ordered to patrol off the island, raiding shipping and launching amphibious assaults against targets of opportunity.
The defenders withdrew to a previously prepared fortified position, Fort Cornelis, which the British besieged, capturing it early in the morning of 26 August.
A series of amphibious and land assaults captured most of the remaining strongholds, and the city of Salatiga surrendered on 16 September, followed by the official capitulation of the island to the British on 18 September.
The island remained in British hands for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars, and was restored to the Dutch in the Convention of London in 1814.
As part of the resulting changes, Jan Willem Janssens was appointed personally by Napoleon Bonaparte to replace Daendels as Governor General.
Janssens had previously served as Governor General of the Cape Colony, and had been forced to capitulate after being defeated by British forces at the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806.
Stamford Raffles, an official of the British East India Company who had been forced to leave the Dutch settlement at Malacca when the Netherlands were annexed, suggested to Lord Minto, the Governor-General of India, that Java and the other Dutch possessions should be captured.
With the large forces which had been made available to him for the Mauritius campaign, Minto enthusiastically adopted the suggestion, and even proposed to accompany the expedition himself.
On 23 May 1811 a party from attacked a flotilla of fourteen Dutch gun vessels off Surabaya, capturing nine of them.
Merak, in north-western Java, was attacked and the fort defending the town largely demolished by a party from and on 30 July.
The British force, initially under the command of Vice-Admiral William O'Bryen Drury, and then after his death in March 1811, under Commodore William Robert Broughton, assembled at bases in India in early 1811.
The first division of troops, under the command of Colonel Rollo Gillespie, left Madras on 18 April, escorted by a squadron under Captain Christopher Cole aboard the 36-gun .
They arrived at Penang on 18 May, and on 21 May the second division, led by Major-General Frederick Augustus Wetherall, which had left Calcutta on 21 April, escorted by a squadron under Captain Fleetwood Pellew, aboard the 38-gun joined them.
The two squadrons sailed together, arriving at Malacca on 1 June, where they made contact with a division of troops from Bengal under Lieutenant-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, escorted by Commodore Broughton aboard the 74-gun .
With the force now assembled Auchmuty had roughly 11,960 men under his command, the previous strength having been reduced by approximately 1,200 by sickness.
Colonel Mackenzie, an officer who had been dispatched to reconnoitre the coast, suggested a landing site at Cilincing, an undefended fishing village east of Batavia.
The defenders were taken by surprise, and nearly six hours passed before Franco-Dutch troops arrived to oppose the landing, by which time 8,000 British troops had been landed.
On learning of the successful British landing, Janssens withdrew from Batavia with his army, which amounted to between 8,000 and 10,090 men, and garrisoned themselves in Fort Cornelis.
The British were disappointed to find that part of the town had been set on fire, and many warehouses full of goods such as coffee and sugar had been looted or flooded, depriving them of prize money.
Stopford had orders to supersede Rear-Admiral Albemarle Bertie as commander in chief at the Cape, but on his arrival he learnt of Vice-Admiral Drury's death, and the planned expedition to Java, and so travelled on.
General Janssens had always intended to rely on the tropical climate and disease to weaken the British army rather than oppose a landing.
In one skirmish, one of Janssens's French subordinates, General Alberti, was killed when he mistook some British troops in green uniforms for Dutch troops.
Weltevreeden was six miles from Fort Cornelis and on 20 August the British began preparing fortifications of their own, some 600 yards from the Franco-Dutch positions.
Most of the locally raised East Indian troops were of doubtful loyalty and effectiveness, although there were some determined artillerymen from Celebes.
On 14 August the British completed a trail through the forests and pepper plantations to allow them to bring up heavy guns and munitions, and opened siege works on the north side of the Fort.
A sortie from the fort early on the morning of 22 August briefly seized three of the British batteries, until they were driven back by some of the Bengal Sepoys and the 69th Foot.
Janssens escaped to Buitenzorg with a few survivors from his army, but was forced to abandon the town when the British approached.
Total British losses in the campaign after the fall of Fort Cornelis amounted to 141 killed, 733 wounded and 13 missing from the Army, and 15 killed, 45 wounded and three missing from the Navy; a total of 156 killed, 788 wounded and 16 missing by 27 August.
On 31 August a force from the frigates , and , and the sloop captured the fort and town of Sumenep, on Madura Island in the face of a large Dutch defending force.
The Dutch-held islands of Amboyna, Harouka, Saparua, Nasso-Laut, Buru, Manipa, Manado, Copang, Amenang, Kemar, Twangwoo and Ternate had surrendered to a force led by Captain Edward Tucker in 1810, while Captain Christopher Cole captured the Banda Islands, completing the conquest of Dutch possessions in the Maluku Islands.
Java became the last major colonial possession in the East not under British control, and its fall marked the effective end of the war in these waters.
Britain returned Java and other East Indian possessions to the newly independent United Kingdom of the Netherlands under the terms of the Convention of London in 1814.
One enduring legacy of the British occupation was the road rules, as the British had decreed that traffic should drive on the left, and this has endured in Indonesia to this day.
The Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded in 1915 by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn in Los Angeles, California, helped many perfect their dancing talents and became the first dance academy in the United States to produce a professional dance company.
Some of the school's more notable pupils include Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Lillian Powell, Charles Weidman, Jack Cole, and silent film star Louise Brooks.
At the time, St. Denis was preparing for a tour of the southeastern region of the United States, and needed a male partner to help present new ballroom dances.
The two artists fell in love and, lovers living together being considered unorthodox at this point in history, were married on August 13, 1914.
Meanwhile in Los Angeles, the two established their first official school, the Ruth St. Denis School of Dancing and Its Related Arts, in the summer of 1915.
At a performance in Portland, Oregon, a theater manager promised eight box seats to whoever could dream up the most creative name for the latest St. Denis-Shawn ballroom exhibition.
With this new name and a school of their own, Shawn and St. Denis began brainstorming ways to expand their contributions to the dance world.
St. Denis and Shawn renamed the school officially under the title 'The Denishawn School', and they soon began developing those movements, techniques, and innovations that are known today as the Denishawn style of dancing.
Denishawn officially disintegrated in 1931 after Ted Shawn and Ruth St. Denis separated in their marriage, though the pair never divorced and continued to promote dance education through their respective endeavors.
Shawn went on to purchase the property used for the Jacob's Pillow Dance center in Lee, Massachusetts, which continues to operate.
After roughly a decade working apart, Shawn and St. Denis reunited briefly in 1941 at the Jacob's Pillow Dance festival, where they performed several works together.
He addressed incoming students with a 'diagnosis lesson', which would assess their current skills in order to assign them to a specific learning/class structure for their time at the Denishawn school.
He addressed that ballet was an overall necessity for any dancer to move forward or thrive in their studies, which is a big reason why the Denishawn curriculum was largely based on ballet fundamentals.
Shawn typically taught during the first block of time, leading students through stretches, limbering exercises, ballet barre and floor progressions and free-form center combinations.
The Denishawn pas de basque was distinguished by arms held high and parallel overhead as the body made an extreme arch sideways toward the leading foot.
A forerunner of the technical warmups now used in many modern dance schools, it started with feet placed far apart and pressed flat on the floor.
After a slow swinging of the body into ever-increasing circles, came head, shoulder, and torso rolls, with the arms sweeping from the floor to the ceiling followed by a relaxed run around the circumference of the studio, ending in a back fall.
Other exercises included Javanese arm movements, and hand stretches to train the dancers Western fingers into going backward into some semblance of Cambodian dance flexibility.
Based on the theory that one learns to perform by performing, dance exercises were essential elements in Denishawn training, and some of them were so professionally interesting that they became part of the concert repertory.
Any pupil attending classes at a Denishawn school had a wide array of classes to choose from outside of the consistent technique classes.
Ted felt it important that the technique wasn't all too rigid, like classical ballet, and contained some less-structured forms, which brought classes on Dalcroze eurythmics as well as Delsarte laws of expressionism into the curricula.
The couple also offered a Hawaiian Hula class taught by the dance instructor Kulamanu, as well as a class taught by Misha Ito that emphasized specificities of the technique to Japanese sword dancing.
Outside of movement classes, the school had lectures, music classes, the art of dyeing and the treatment of fabrics, and libraries to study for these courses.
The first school that St. Denis and Shawn opened as partners was an older Spanish-style mansion in the hills of Los Angeles on St. Paul Street.
It had an indoor room that was perfectly sized to fit smaller classes, a swimming pool and a tennis court for additional endurance training and/or leisure time, and the estate was filled with eucalyptus trees.
$500 covered the cost of a 12-week program that included daily technique classes, room and board, arts and crafts and guided reading lessons.
That winter St. Denis and Shawn went on tour and left the school open and in the hands of Mrs. Hamilton and the assistant teachers.
While they were on tour, the registration for upcoming classes looked promising and Mrs. Hamilton suggested that the Denishawn School find a bigger home.
Their second school location in Los Angeles was in an old house in West Lake Park and shared similar characteristics to the St. Paul Street estate.This location had a garden and a tennis court, like the previous school had.
Another dance platform was built over the tennis court, a tent was placed over that, and an auditorium was positioned on one side of the area and a dressing room on the opposite side.
Eventually, the school went on to spreading farther than just California as Shawn and St. Denis spread their repertory and style through performing.
The Denishawn Dancers took advantage of many performance opportunities – in colleges, concert halls, vaudeville theaters, convention centers and outdoor stadiums.
In terms of movement, however, the differences were obvious – no pointe shoes, no pas de deux lifts, no exact format for patterning solos and ensemble pieces.
This group included Margaret Loomis, Addie Munn, Helen Eisner, Florine Goodman, Aileen Flaven, Florence Andrews (who danced under the name Florence O'Denishawn, Sadie Vanderhoff, Carol Dempster, Ada Forman, Claire Niles, Chula Monzon, and Yvonne Sinnard.
Other notable movie stars of the time include: Louise Brooks, Ina Claire, Ruth Chatterton, Lenore Ulric, Mabel Normand, Florence Vidor, Colleen Moore, and Myrna Loy.
Some pupils who had their beginnings in the Denishawn school went on to make names for themselves , and their presence at the school is sometimes overlooked in their history.
Humphrey moved out to California from Evanston, Illinois so that she could have the opportunity to study at the Denishawn school.
St. Denis eventually told Humphrey that she should reconsider her plans to become a teacher and pursue a career in performing first.
After some time studying at the school's West Lake Park, Humphrey and Weidman migrated to New York where they managed Denishawn's NY-based Denishawn house to develop their own styles and, eventually, open their own school: the Humphrey-Weidman Dance Company.
Ettrick and Lauderdale (Eadaraig agus Srath Labhdair in Scottish Gaelic) was one of four local government districts in the Borders region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996.
The symptoms of infection appear in the crowns of infected trees as discoloured foliage, reduced growth, dieback of the branches and death.
The fruit body or mushroom, commonly known as stump mushroom, stumpie, honey mushroom, pipinky or pinky, grows typically on hardwoods but may be found around and on other living and dead wood or in open areas.
The basidiocarp of each has a smooth cap in diameter, convex at first but becoming flattened with age often with a central raised umbo, later becoming somewhat dish-shaped.
Though typically honey-coloured, this fungus is rather variable in appearance and sometimes has a few dark, hairy scales near the centre somewhat radially arranged.
The gills are white at first, sometimes becoming pinkish-yellow or discoloured with age, broad and fairly distant, attached to the stipe at right angles or are slightly decurrent.
It is cylindrical and tapers to a point at its base where it is fused to the stipes of other mushrooms in the clump.
This has a velvety margin and yellowish fluff underneath and extends outwards as a white partial veil protecting the gills when young.
Under the microscope, the spores are approximately elliptical, 7–9 by 6–7 µm, inamyloid with prominent apiculi (short, pointed projections) at the base.
When they are attacked, the Douglas-fir, western larch and some other conifers often produce an extra large crop of cones shortly before dying.
The rhizomorphs of A. mellea are initiated from mycelium into multicellular apices of rhizomorphs, which are multicellular vegetative organs that exclude soil from the interior of the rhizomorph tissues.
In one example, A. mellea spread by rhizomorphs from an initially infected tree killed 600 trees in a prune orchard in 6 years.
Each infected tree was immediately adjacent to an already infected one, the spread by rhizomorphs through the tree roots and soil.
But., 59: 1-14); cited in Rhizomorph Development in A. mellea, Ph.D. thesis, by Philip Snider(1957), Farlow Herbarium Library Harvard Univ., 20 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, Mass.
The mushrooms have a taste that has been described as slightly sweet and nutty, with a texture ranging from chewy to crunchy, depending on the method of preparation.
The Jacques Loussier Trio, founded in 1959, played more than 3,000 concerts and sold more than 7 million recordings—mostly in the Bach series.
At 13, he met the pianist Yves Nat in Paris, who regularly gave him projects for three months, after which he returned for another lesson.
Loussier began composing music while studying at the Conservatoire National Musique, having moved by then to Paris, with Nat, from the age of 16.
He later said that he only followed a tradition, because musicians of the 18th century were great improvisers, Bach among them.
After six years of studies, Loussier traveled to the Middle East and Latin America, where he was inspired by different sounds.
In 1959, he formed the Jacques Loussier Trio with string bass player Pierre Michelot—who had played with Django Reinhardt and the Quintette du Hot Club de France—and percussionist Christian Garros.
They used Bach's compositions as a base for jazz improvisation and made many live appearances, tours, and concerts, as well as a number of recordings.
Loussier set up his own recording studio, Studio Miraval, which opened in 1977, where he worked on compositions for acoustic and electric instruments.
In 1985, the tricentenary of Bach's birth, Loussier revived the trio with the percussionist André Arpino and the bassist Vincent Charbonnier.
It is commonly referred to as the Long Lance by most modern English-language naval historians, a nickname given it after the war by Samuel Eliot Morison, the chief historian of the U.S. Navy, who spent much of the war in the Pacific Theater.
The Type 93's development (in parallel with a submarine model, the Type 95) began in Japan in 1928, under the auspices of Rear Admiral Kaneji Kishimoto and Captain Toshihide Asakuma.
The torpedo design was inspired by the British oxygen-enriched torpedoes used on the s. At the time, the most powerful potential enemy of the Japanese Navy was the United States Navy's Pacific Fleet.
The U.S. Navy's doctrine, presuming an invasion by Japan of the Philippines (an American commonwealth at that time), called for the battle line to fight its way across the Pacific Ocean, relieve or recapture the Philippines, and destroy the Japanese fleet.
Since the IJN had fewer battleships than the U.S. Navy, it planned to use light forces (light cruisers, destroyers, and submarines) to whittle down the U.S. Navy's fleet in a succession of minor battles, mostly at night.
After the number of American warships was sufficiently reduced, the IJN would commit its own presumably fresh and undamaged battleships to finish off the U.S. remnants in one huge climactic battle.
The IJN's torpedo research and development focused on using highly compressed oxygen instead of compressed air as the fuel oxidizer in the torpedo's propulsion system.
Since air is only 21% oxygen (and 78% nitrogen), pure oxygen provides five times as much oxidizer in the same tank volume, thereby increasing torpedo range.
In addition, the absence of the inert nitrogen resulted in the emission of significantly less exhaust gas, comprising only carbon dioxide, which is significantly soluble in water, and water vapor, thus greatly reducing tell-tale bubble trails.
Compressed oxygen is dangerous to handle and required lengthy research and development, not to mention additional training for the warship's torpedomen, for safe operational use.
Eventually, the IJN's weapons development engineers found that by starting the torpedo's engine with compressed air, and then gradually switching to pure oxygen, they were able to overcome the problem of explosions that had hampered it before.
The stated range of over was effective when the targeted warship steamed straight for more than a few minutes while the torpedo approached.
This sometimes occurred when USN cruisers chased IJN destroyers breaking away from the scene of the battle at high speed during the night, or when American fleet carriers, engaged in flight operations, were targeted by IJN submarines in the South Pacific in 1942–43.
The Type 93 torpedo had a main chamber filled with pure compressed oxygen, a joint regulator valve preventing reverse flow, and a small (approximately 13-liter) high-pressure air tank.
Ignition started gently, with the mixture burning steadily in the engine (if oxygen was used at this stage, explosions were common).
As the compressed air was consumed and lost pressure, high-pressure oxygen was supplied from the main chamber through the joint valve into the compressed air tank.
A design engineer officer of torpedo section, Kure naval arsenal of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Ryozo Akagi, explained the Type 93 in his notebook.
The structure of the Type 93 torpedo can be separated into several parts; from the front, warhead, air chamber, front float, engine compartment, rear float, tail rudders, screw propellers.
First type air gas, a code name for air compressed to 230 atm, from a 13.5-liter tank, was used to start the engine.
The second type air gas (oxygen) was stored at 225 atm in a 980-liter main chamber made by machining a block of nickel chromium-molybdenum steel, an alloy first developed for battleship armour.
The front of the torpedo contained the warhead, behind which was the shell of the 12mm (0.47 inch) thick main chamber.
While the Type 93 was approximately 9 m (29 ft 7-1/4 in) long and 61 cm (24 in) in diameter, the second type air main chamber was 348 cm (11 ft 5-3/8 in) long, occupying more than a third of the total length of the torpedo.
A pressure regulator reduced the decreasing pressure of compressed gas in the air chamber to the constant lower pressure needed to keep the torpedo running at constant speed.
The oxygen-fuel mixture was injected and exploded in combustion chambers of the engine heads, pushing pistons and rotating the single drive shaft.
The main shaft had an inner and outer drive shaft and drove coaxial double four-bladed screws, contra-rotating so as not to rotate the torpedo.
The outer shell of the torpedo was made of steel panels 3.2 mm (0.126 inch) thick, but 1.8 mm (0.07 inch) thick at the rear, welded and water-tight.
There were two more controlling air tanks of total capacity 40.5 liters containing air compressed to 230 atm, to operate the rudders and stabilizers of the torpedo.
The water pressure board of the torpedo was manually set to five metres, to set the running depth at five metres below the surface, and controlled the side stabilizer to run at that depth.
The gyrocompass guided the torpedo to the target, allowing even rear-launched torpedoes to turn around and hit a target in front.
The gyrocompass of Type 93 torpedo was 15 cm (5-7/8 in) in diameter and 7 or 8 cm (3 in) thick, spinning at 8,000 rpm.
The Type 93 torpedo suffered from problems with this gyro speed when launched from a warship steaming at its top speed of around 35 knots.
The Imperial Japanese Navy initially tested the torpedoes at Dainyu, Aga-Minami of Kure city, Hiroshima prefecture, Japan, but the long-range Type 93 torpedo called for a relatively large area for launching tests.
The warhead of the Type 93 torpedo was (the same as the 1 ton gun of an Imperial Japanese battleship), increased to 1.6 tons for Kaiten.
The Type 93 torpedo is 9.61 meters long and weighs about three tons, while the Kaiten was 15 meters long and weighed 8 tons.
In contrast, the U.S. Navy's standard surface-launched torpedo of World War II, the Mark 15, had a maximum range of at , or at , with a significantly smaller warhead; torpedoes of other Allied nations did not have longer range.
The Type 93 was launched from torpedo tubes mounted on the decks of IJN destroyers and cruisers; some Japanese destroyers, unlike ships of other navies, mounted their banks of torpedo tubes in turrets offering protection against splinters, and had tube loaders.
In the early surface battles of 1942–43, Japanese destroyers and cruisers were able to launch their torpedoes from about at the unsuspecting Allied warships attempting to close to gun range.
The Allied warships expected that, if torpedoes were used, they would be fired from not more than , their own typical torpedo range.
The many torpedo hits suffered by Allied warships in such engagements led their officers to believe torpedoes had been fired by undetected Japanese submarines operating in concert with the surface warships.
On rare occasions, stray Type 93s struck ships at a much longer range than their intended targets, leading the Allies on occasion to suspect their ships had been mined.
A 17.7 in (450 mm) version, the Type 97, was later developed for midget submarines, but was not a success, and was replaced operationally by Japan's standard aerial torpedo, the Type 91.
A 21 in (53 cm) version for use by a few IJN submarines was designated the Type 95, and it was ultimately successful.
A disadvantage of the Type 93 was that it was far more likely to detonate due to shock than a compressed-air torpedo.
The explosion from one Type 93, with its heavy warhead, was usually enough to sink the destroyer, or heavily damage the cruiser, carrying it.
As American air strikes against IJN ships became more common, captains of destroyers and cruisers under air attack had to decide whether or not to jettison torpedoes to prevent them from being detonated during the attack.
While the Type 93 torpedo was dangerous to its user as well as its intended target, the Imperial Japanese Navy felt that its effectiveness outweighed its risks.
During the course of the war, 23 Allied warships were sunk after Type 93 hits: 11 cruisers, 11 destroyers, and one fleet aircraft carrier.
Thirteen of these had been fatally hit solely by the Type 93, with the rest succumbing to a combination of bombs, gunfire, and torpedoes.
It is also commonly found in Japan, Korea, northern parts of the Philippines, Himachal Pradesh in India, the Pothohar Plateau in Pakistan, and hilly regions in Sri Lanka.
It can also be found in southern European countries such as Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Italy, Albania, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Spain and Portugal, several northern African countries including Morocco and Algeria, and in countries in the Middle East such as Israel, Iran, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, and Lebanon.
It is a large evergreen shrub or tree, grown commercially for its yellow fruit, and also cultivated as an ornamental plant.
The leaves are alternate, simple, long, dark green, tough and leathery in texture, with a serrated margin, and densely velvety-hairy below with thick yellow-brown pubescence; the young leaves are also densely pubescent above, but this soon rubs off.
Loquats are unusual among fruit trees in that the flowers appear in the autumn or early winter, and the fruits are ripe at any time from early spring to early summer.
Loquat fruits, growing in clusters, are oval, rounded or pear-shaped, long, with a smooth or downy, yellow or orange, sometimes red-blushed skin.
A variable number of the ovules mature into large brown seeds (with different numbers of seeds appearing in each fruit on the same tree, usually between one and four).
It was introduced into Japan and became naturalised there in very early times; it has been cultivated there for over 1,000 years.
It has also become naturalised in Georgia, Armenia, Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bermuda, Chile, Kenya, India, Iran, Iraq, South Africa, the whole Mediterranean Basin, Pakistan, New Zealand, Réunion, Tonga, Central America, Mexico, South America and in warmer parts of the United States (Hawaii, California, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina).
It has been cultivated in Japan for about 1,000 years and presumably the fruits and seeds were brought back from China to Japan by the many Japanese scholars visiting and studying in China during the Tang Dynasty.
The most common variety in Portugal is the late ripening Tanaka, where it is popular in gardens and backyards, but not commercially produced.
The loquat is easy to grow in subtropical to mild temperate climates where it is often primarily grown as an ornamental plant, especially for its sweet-scented flowers, and secondarily for its delicious fruit.
Some cultivars are intended for home-growing, where the flowers open gradually, and thus the fruit also ripens gradually, compared to the commercially grown species where the flowers open almost simultaneously, and the whole tree's fruit also ripens together.
In temperate climates it is grown as an ornamental with winter protection, as the fruits seldom ripen to an edible state.
In the US, the loquat tree is hardy only in USDA zones 8 and above, and will flower only where winter temperatures do not fall below .
In Italy nespolino liqueur is made from the seeds, reminiscent of nocino and amaretto, both prepared from nuts and apricot kernels.
Both the loquat seeds and the apricot kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides, but the drinks are prepared from varieties that contain only small quantities (such as Mogi and Tanaka), so there is no risk of cyanide poisoning.
Like most related plants, the seeds (pips) and young leaves of the plant are slightly poisonous, containing small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides (including amygdalin) which release cyanide when digested, though the low concentration and bitter flavour normally prevent enough being eaten to cause harm.
But the name was mistaken as the loquat we know today by the ancient Chinese poet Su Shi when he was residing in southern China, and the mistake was widely taken up by the Cantonese region thereafter.
Its significance lay in its position in the centre of some of Lowland Scotland's most agriculturally fertile areas, and its position upon the River Tweed, which allowed river transport of goods via the main seaport of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Standing on a defensible peninsula between the rivers Tweed and Teviot, with Roxburgh Castle guarding the narrow neck of the peninsula, it was a settlement of some importance during the reign of David I who conferred Royal Burgh status upon the town.
At its zenith, between the reigns of William the Lion and James II, it was the site of the Royal mint.
After this time the town never regained its importance because the final English capture of Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1482 left Roxburgh with little reason to exist, henceforth lacking a port.
Its site lies to the south of modern Kelso and Floors Castle, which lie on the other side of the Tweed.
Very little else is known about this hugely important site, in part due to the landowner Duke of Roxburghe's refusal to allow archaeologists to dig here until comparatively recently.
The Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk (previously designated the XP-87) was a prototype American all-weather jet fighter interceptor and the company's last aircraft project.
Designed as a replacement for the World War II–era propeller-driven P-61 Black Widow night/interceptor aircraft, the XF-87 lost in government procurement competition to the Northrop F-89 Scorpion.
The loss of the contract was fatal to the company; the Curtiss-Wright Corporation closed down its aviation division, selling its assets to North American Aviation.
When the United States Army Air Forces issued a requirement for a jet-powered all-weather fighter in 1945, the design was reworked for that request.
The XP-87 was a large mid-wing aircraft with four engines paired in underwing pods, with a mid-mounted tailplane and tricycle undercarriage.
Armament was to be a nose-mounted, powered turret containing four 20 mm (0.79 in) cannon, but this was never fitted to the prototypes.
Although the top speed was slower than expected, the aircraft was otherwise acceptable, and the newly formed (in September 1947) United States Air Force placed orders for 57 F-87A fighters and 30 RF-87A reconnaissance aircraft just over a month later.
Since the performance problems were due to lack of power, the four Westinghouse XJ34-WE-7 turbojets of the prototypes were to be substituted for two General Electric J47 jets in production models.
Its function was to aid the two existing cruisers of the in the defence of the Dutch East Indies; the idea was that with three cruisers, there would always be two cruisers available, even if one cruiser had to be repaired.
Her main battery (7 × 150 mm guns) was underpowered in comparison to other light cruisers of the time (for example the British ), and the class had inadequate armour as well and lacked long range anti-aircraft guns.
Off the north coast off Java on the evening of the 27th the remains of the ABDA fleet was surprised by the Japanese heavy cruisers and .
Over 100 ships and submarines of various countries sank during the war in the seas around Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia; many are designated as war graves.
Originally designated as a flotilla leader and a torpedo cruiser in Decker's Fleet Plan of 1931, she was hastily commissioned on 10 May 1940, when Germany invaded the Netherlands.
However, as she was not armed she escaped to the United Kingdom, where she was refitted as an air defence cruiser, since these were the only type of gun available, and there was a growing need for this type of ship to protect the convoys.
Work was completed on 17 February 1941, and after sea trials, which lasted till 29 February, the ship was assigned as a convoy escort in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Irish Sea Escort.
She was removed from escort duty in January 1942 and sent to the Dutch East Indies to reinforce the defence fleet assembled there.
The ship arrived too late to take part in the battle of the Java Sea and was reassigned to the Eastern Fleet in 1942.
On 1 December 1943, the ship returned to the Eastern Fleet and on 27 December, she set sail for the Mediterranean Sea where she, again, performed convoy duties till she was recalled to England for maintenance in June 1944.
In September of that year she set sail for the Dutch East Indies, where she performed patrol duties until 22 July 1946.
Hyperelliptic curve cryptography is similar to elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) insofar as the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve is an abelian group in which to do arithmetic, just as we use the group of points on an elliptic curve in ECC.
An (imaginary) hyperelliptic curve of genus formula_1 over a field formula_2 is given by the equation formula_3 where formula_4 is a polynomial of degree not larger than formula_1 and formula_6 is a monic polynomial of degree formula_7.
The Jacobian of formula_9, denoted formula_10, is a quotient group, thus the elements of the Jacobian are not points, they are equivalence classes of divisors of degree 0 under the relation of linear equivalence.
This agrees with the elliptic curve case, because it can be shown that the Jacobian of an elliptic curve is isomorphic with the group of points on the elliptic curve.
Although introduced only 3 years after ECC, not many cryptosystems implement hyperelliptic curves because the implementation of the arithmetic isn't as efficient as with cryptosystems based on elliptic curves or factoring (RSA).
The efficiency of implementing the arithmetic depends on the underlying finite field formula_2, in practice it turns out that finite fields of characteristic 2 are a good choice for hardware implementations while software is usually faster in odd characteristic.
The Jacobian on a hyperelliptic curve is an Abelian group and as such it can serve as group for the discrete logarithm problem (DLP).
In short, suppose we have an Abelian group formula_12 and formula_1 an element of formula_12, the DLP on formula_12 entails finding the integer formula_16 given two elements of formula_12, namely formula_1 and formula_19.
The first type of group used was the multiplicative group of a finite field, later also Jacobians of (hyper)elliptic curves were used.
All generic attacks on the discrete logarithm problem in finite abelian groups such as the Pohlig–Hellman algorithm and Pollard's rho method can be used to attack the DLP in the Jacobian of hyperelliptic curves.
The Pohlig-Hellman attack reduces the difficulty of the DLP by looking at the order of the group we are working with.
So for formula_29 the largest prime divisor of formula_20, the DLP in formula_12 is just as hard to solve as the DLP in the subgroup of order formula_29.
Therefore we would like to choose formula_12 such that the largest prime divisor formula_29 of formula_35 is almost equal to formula_20 itself.
For formula_45 the smallest positive integer such that formula_46 there exists a computable injective group homomorphism from the subgroup of formula_10 of order formula_29 to formula_49.
For arbitrary curves formula_45 is very large (around the size of formula_54); so even though the index calculus attack is quite fast for multiplicative groups of finite fields this attack is not a threat for most curves.
The injective function used in this attack is a pairing and there are some applications in cryptography that make use of them.
In such applications it is important to balance the hardness of the DLP in formula_10 and formula_49; depending on the security level values of formula_45 between 6 and 12 are useful.
We also have a problem, if formula_29, the largest prime divisor of the order of the Jacobian, is equal to the characteristic of formula_60 By a different injective map we could then consider the DLP in the additive group formula_61 instead of DLP on the Jacobian.
Hence, in order to choose a good curve and a good underlying finite field, it is important to know the order of the Jacobian.
Consider a hyperelliptic curve formula_9 of genus formula_1 over the field formula_40 where formula_41 is the power of a prime number and define formula_66 as formula_9 but now over the field formula_68.
It can be shown that the order of the Jacobian of formula_66 lies in the interval formula_70, called the Hasse-Weil interval.
For this zeta-function it can be shown that formula_75 where formula_76 is a polynomial of degree formula_77 with coefficients in formula_78.
It takes its name from Billingsgate, a ward in the south-east corner of the City of London, where the riverside market was originally established.
Billingsgate Wharf, close to Lower Thames Street, became the centre of a fish market during the 16th and 17th centuries but did not become formally established until an Act of Parliament in 1699.
Bunning's building was soon found to be insufficient for the increased trade, and in 1872 the Corporation obtained an Act to rebuild and enlarge the market, which was done to plans by Bunning's successor as City architect Sir Horace Jones.
The new buildings, Italianate in style, had on their long frontages towards Thames Street the river, a pedimented centre and continuous arcade, flanked at each end by a pavilion tavern.
The general market, on a level with Thames Street, had an area of about , and was covered with louvre glass roofs, high at the ridge.
The opening of the railways changed the nature of the trade, and by the late nineteenth century most of the fish arrived at the market via the Great Eastern Railway.
One of its earliest uses can be seen in a 1577 chronicle by Raphael Holinshed, where the writer makes reference to the foul tongues of Billingsgate oyster-wives.
In 1982, the fish market was relocated to a new building complex on the Isle of Dogs in Poplar, close to Canary Wharf and Blackwall.
Most of the fish sold through the market now arrives there by road, from ports as far afield as Aberdeen and Cornwall.
Trading commences at 4 a.m. and finishes at 8:30 a.m. Security for the market is provided by the private Market Constabulary.
In early 2019, it was proposed in plans put forward by the Court of Common Council, the City of London Corporation’s main decision-making body, that Billingsgate Fish Market, New Spitalfields Market, and Smithfield Market would move to a new consolidated site in Barking Reach.
Built just prior to World War II, the ship served mainly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans against the Japanese, being based out of Sydney, Fremantle and Trincomalee where she served alongside British, Australian and US warships.
Powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, with four Yarrow boilers that drove two shafts and produced , she was capable of achieving a maximum speed of .
As built, she also had two twin-mounted .50 calibre machine guns, although these were later replaced with two single-mounted 20 mm Oerlikons.
In addition, for anti-aircraft defence, she was later fitted out with an extra six 20 mm Oerlikon machine guns, four US-made 75 mm guns and four more 40 mm Bofors.
She returned to the Netherlands in April to take part in the fleet review at Scheveningen, before participating in a cruise to Norway, where she stopped over at Oslo.
Doorman and under Termijtelen's command the ship sailed for the Netherlands East Indies in August 1939, arriving just after the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Throughout 1940, the ship undertook patrol and escort duties as part of the Netherlands East Indies Squadron before escorting ships of the Java–New York Line in a convoy to the Gilbert Islands in early 1941.
Following the outbreak of fighting against the Japanese in the Pacific, she was assigned to the Combined Striking Force, ABDA Command, in January 1942 for the defence of the East Indies.
The ship was then sent to Australia for repairs in February 1942, sailing firstly to Fremantle and then on to Sydney.
The Worshipful Company of Information Technologists, also known as the Information Technologists' Company, is one of the livery companies of the City of London.
The hall is located on Bartholomew Close, near to Barbican tube station, and was bought largely thanks to the generosity of Dame Stephanie Shirley and others.
Prominent members of the company include Tim Berners-Lee, Vint Cerf, Sherry Coutu, Bill Gates, Tom Ilube, Mike Lynch, Ken Olisa, David Wootton, Dame Stephanie Shirley CH and several past Presidents of BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, including Dame Stephanie.
The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of Livery Companies, the other eleven members of which are the Chartered Accountants, Actuaries, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Insurers, Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.
The company has a significant charitable and educational programme which uses the expertise, resources and networks of its members, and it is also involved in a range of activities to promote the information technology profession.
It is probably unique amongst Livery Companies in having an Ethical and Spiritual Development Panel, which considers such topics as the ethical and spiritual implications of the Internet – running colloquia on that topic in the House of Lords as far back as 1997.
Getting the maximum benefit from IT is now a pre-requisite, not just for commercial organisations but also for the charity sector.
The company works with a wide range of non-profit organisations with the aim of helping them to gain the maximum benefit from their IT.
iT4C was set up by the Worshipful Company in 2002 and since then has registered over 5,000 volunteers and more than 2,500 charities.
iT4C has delivered over £3 million worth of support to the charity sector thanks to the work of the dedicated volunteer IT professionals.
Previous projects include HOLNET (the History of London on the Internet), which is now incorporated into the London Grid for Learning.
In 2011, together with the Worshipful Company of Mercers (the premier livery company), they opened Hammersmith Academy, a new academy school specialising in IT.
With members coming from all sectors of the IT field, the company can provide a neutral meeting ground for discussion of issues that are central to both the profession and the City of London.
The River Nith flows north to south through the Southern Uplands in south-west Scotland, separating the Lowther hills from the Scaur hills.
Nithsdale was also a historic district of Scotland, bordering Annandale to the east, Clydesdale to the north, Kyle to the north-west and Galloway to the west.
The district was in the Sheriffdom of Dumfries and later became part of the County of Dumfries, one of the counties of Scotland.
The main re-organisation took place during the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, this Act established a uniform system of county councils in Scotland and realigned the boundaries of many of Scotland’s counties.
The district was formed by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and takes its name from The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, an alternative name for the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire, which covers a larger area than the district.
In 1996 the district was abolished, with its area becoming a committee area of the Dumfries and Galloway unitary authority area, with identical boundaries to the district.
The Worshipful Company draws its membership from the international trade fraternity, with the aim of raising awareness and understanding of, and standards of practice in, world trade.
The founding of the World Traders Association movement gave rise to the creation of trading complexes in over 160 cities throughout the world.
London was the first in Europe, built in St Katharine Docks beside the Tower of London (though this World Trade Centre closed in 1994).
Over 1,000 years earlier the same land was used by the Knighten Guilde to trade in foreign goods, and in 1979 the then Lord Mayor, Sir Peter Gadsden, suggested that this tradition be revived by the creation of the Guild of World Traders to represent members of the international trading community in the City of London.
From the outset the World Traders were determined to be a working Guild, only accepting members from the international trade fraternity, with the aim of raising awareness and understanding of, and standards of practice in, world trade.
The Company is a member of the Financial Services Group of Livery Companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Chartered Accountants, Actuaries, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Insurers, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, and Tax Advisers.
World Traders are at the forefront of debates shaping the future, for example the structure of the Eurozone, banking & insurance regulation, reducing trade barriers, growing the fledgling carbon markets, and long-term sustainability of the environment and finance.
As well as UK-based British nationals, a significant number of the Livery are overseas nationals based in the UK, dual nationals, British nationals who live overseas and overseas nationals who live in their home country.
World Traders host a large number of foreign visitors looking to relocate or establish trading connections with the UK not just from primary trading partners in the EU, China, Brazil, Russia, India or the Gulf states, but also from smaller countries which may benefit from personal support and contacts.
The event gives a senior individual an opportunity to initiate discussion of serious concern to world trade in a global forum.
26 November 1979 Lord Mayor Alderman Sir Peter Gadsden laid foundation stone of International House (part of the then London World Trade Centre complex) and reiterates the suggestion of the creation of the Guild of World Traders.
9 November 1999 Petition to become The Worshipful Company of World Traders agreed by the Court of Aldermen, with effect from 1 January 2000.
25 January 2000 Company received its letters patent in a ceremony at Mansion House, from the Lord Mayor, Alderman Clive Martin.
The Arms of the Company were designed by Sir Colin Cole, Garter Principal King of Arms, and presented by him at the Installation ceremony of Alderman Sir Peter Gadsden, the Guild's new Master, in 1987.
These Arms depict five purses symbolising trade between the five continents, with the sword and wheel of St Catherine together with the water and quayside of the dock, as a reminder of the company's foundation.
The Arms are surmounted by a carbocle containing a medieval merchant's cap and the supporters are a dolphin borrowed from the Company of Watermen and Lightermen, who originally gave the company sanctuary in the City of London, and the sea dragon of the City as a mark of respect for its commands.
The Master's Badge of office displays the Company's coat of arms mounted on a piece of rock crystal, donated by the World Trade Centre of Rio de Janeiro, carved with an outline of five continents.
The motif on the Company tie derives from the Company's crest: it comprises the helm, torse and mantelling surmounted by the wheel of St Catherine upon which is a medieval merchant's cap.
The Worshipful Company of World Traders is governed by its Master, Senior Warden, Junior Warden, and a Court of Assistants which elects the forthcoming Master and Wardens.
The Master and Wardens serve the Company in their respective roles for a period of one year, after which time the Master becomes 'Immediate Past Master', the Senior Warden becomes the Master of the Company and the Junior Warden is promoted to the role of Senior Warden.
The purposes of this may well be obvious: to learn more about that country, to offer the hand of friendship to their representatives, and of course to facilitate for liverymen any trading opportunities that there may be with the country in question.
During the Summer of 2010 a formal affiliation between the Worshipful Company of the World Traders and The Rifles, the Army's biggest and youngest Infantry Regiment was established.
The Rifles was formed in February 2007 from The Devonshire and Dorset Regiment, The Royal Gloucestershire Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment, The Light Infantry and The Royal Green Jackets.
The Rifles is the largest infantry regiment in the British Army and recruits nationally, it has five Regular battalions and 2 Territorial battalions as well as a raft of Army Cadet Force and Combined Cadet Force detachments and a healthy Veterans' community populated by ex-members of the current and forming regiments.
Like other livery companies, the Worshipful Company of World Traders has formed an affiliation with a unit of HM Armed Forces.
The Worshipful Company of World Traders is proud of its affiliation with 28 (AC) Squadron which was officially re-formed on 17 July 2001 as home to the Merlin helicopter.
After the transfer of the Merlin platform to the Royal Navy, the Sqn was re-branded as a Puma and Chinook Operational Conversion Unit.
Bus Stop is a 1956 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Joshua Logan for 20th Century Fox, starring Marilyn Monroe, Don Murray, Arthur O'Connell, Betty Field, Eileen Heckart, Robert Bray, and Hope Lange.
In the 1961–62 season, ABC adapted the play and film into a television series of the same name starring Marilyn Maxwell as the owner of the bus station and diner.
A naive, rambunctious, overly enthusiastic and socially inept cowboy, Beauregard Decker, and his friend and father-figure Virgil Blessing take the bus from Timber Hill, Montana to Phoenix, Arizona, to participate in a rodeo.
In Phoenix, at the Blue Dragon Cafe, he imagines himself in love with the café's singer, Chérie, a talentless but ambitious performer from the Ozarks with aspirations of becoming a Hollywood star.
The next day, Beau gets a marriage license, and then takes an exhausted Cherie to the rodeo parade and the rodeo, where he rides the bucking bronco and then competes in the calf roping and the bull riding.
Chérie tries to make another getaway while Beau is asleep on the bus, but the road ahead is blocked by snow and the bus won't be leaving at all.
The bus driver Carl, the waitress Elma, and the café owner Grace by now all have learned that Beau is kidnapping and bullying the girl.
Chérie approaches him and confesses that she's had many boyfriends and is not the kind of woman he thinks she is.
All Chérie wanted from a man was respect, which she had previously told the waitress when they sat together on the bus.
When Beau tries to coerce him to go with them, Chérie reminds him that he can't force Virgil to do what he wants.
For the role, she learnt an Ozark accent, chose costumes and make-up that lacked the glamour of her earlier films, and provided deliberately mediocre singing and dancing.
Joshua Logan, known for his work on Broadway, agreed to direct, despite initially doubting Monroe's acting abilities and knowing of her reputation for being difficult.
The experience changed Logan's opinion of Monroe, and he later compared her to Charlie Chaplin in her ability to blend comedy and tragedy.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 79% based on 14 reviews and an average score of 7.3/10.
From 2002 until 2009, Kanada held the world record calculating the number of digits in the decimal expansion of pi – exactly 1.2411 trillion digits.
The school founded by Kanada explains the creation and existence of the universe by proposing an atomistic theory, applying logic and realism, and is among one of the earliest known systematic realist ontology in human history.
If viewed from the prism of physics, his ideas imply a clear role for the observer as independent of the system being studied.
Kanada's ideas were influential on other schools of Hinduism, and over its history became closely associated with the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy.
In his review of 1961, Riepe states Kanada lived sometime before 300 CE, but convincing evidence to firmly put him in a certain century remains elusive.
Kanada was influential in Indian philosophies, and he appears in various texts by alternate names such as Kashyapa, Uluka, Kananda, Kanabhuk among others.
Kanada presents his work within a larger moral framework by defining Dharma as that which brings about material progress and highest good.
He follows this Sutra with another that asserts that the Vedas have gained respect because they teach such Dharma, and something is not Dharma simply because it is in the Vedas.
However, this was not unusual for his times since several major early versions of Hindu philosophies such as Samkhya, Nyaya, Mimamsa along with sub-schools of Yoga and Vedanta, as well as non-Vedic schools such as Jainism and Buddhism, were similarly non-theistic.
Several traits of substances (dravya) are given as colour, taste, smell, touch, number, size, the separate, coupling and uncoupling, priority and posterity, comprehension, pleasure and pain, attraction and revulsion, and wishes.
They believed atoms to be minute objects invisible to the naked eye which come into being and vanish in an instant.
Vaiseshikas further held that atoms of same substance combined with each other to produce dvyanuka (diatomic molecules) and tryanuka (triatomic molecules).
Kanada also put forward the idea that atoms could be combined in various ways to produce chemical changes in presence of other factors such as heat.
Kanada's conception of the atom was likely independent from the similar concept among the ancient Greeks, because of the differences between the theories.
For example, Kanada suggested that atoms as building blocks differ both qualitatively and quantitatively, while Greeks suggested that atoms differed only quantitatively but not qualitatively.
In general, infinitely many terms are required in a continuous Fourier series representation of a signal, but if a finite number of Fourier series terms can be calculated from that signal, that signal is considered to be band-limited.
A bandlimited signal can be fully reconstructed from its samples, provided that the sampling rate exceeds twice the maximum frequency in the bandlimited signal.
If this signal is sampled at a rate formula_2 so that we have the samples formula_3, for all integers formula_4, we can recover formula_5 completely from these samples.
If f is bandlimited, formula_20 is zero outside of a certain interval, so with large enough formula_21, formula_22 will be zero in some intervals too, since individual supports of formula_20 in sum of formula_22 won't overlap.
According to DTFT definition, formula_22 is a sum of trigonometric functions, and since f(t) is time-limited, this sum will be finite, so formula_22 will be actually a trigonometric polynomial.
All trigonometric polynomials are holomorphic on a whole complex plane, and there is a simple theorem in complex analysis that says that all zeros of non-constant holomorphic function are isolated.
But this contradicts our earlier finding that formula_22 has intervals full of zeros, because points in such intervals are not isolated.
One important consequence of this result is that it is impossible to generate a truly bandlimited signal in any real-world situation, because a bandlimited signal would require infinite time to transmit.
A similar relationship between duration in time and bandwidth in frequency also forms the mathematical basis for the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
The original novel told the story of the friendship between a large male bear named Ben and a boy named Mark.
However, due to the decline in demand for pulp fiction caused by the advent of broadcast television in the 1950s, Morey stopped writing for ten years.
His wife, a schoolteacher, challenged him to write adventure stories that would interest young readers, similar to those of Jack London.
After several years, Morey took up her challenge with the goal of producing an adventure story for young readers that adults could also enjoy.
According to Morey, the concept of a boy's friendship with an Alaskan brown bear was also taken from real life, and such friendships and interactions between humans and bears were not unusual in Alaska.
Mark Andersen is a young teenage boy who lives in Alaska with his fisherman father and mother, Karl and Ellen Andersen.
Mark is lonely after the death of his older brother, and befriends an Alaskan brown bear named Ben that was captured as a cub by local drunkard Fog Benson.
Ben, now a large adult bear, spends his days chained alone in a shack on Benson's property, and the lonely bear bonds with the lonely boy who secretly visits him.
Mark's parents are initially upset that he visits Ben, but eventually see that Mark and Ben have a special friendship and buy Ben from Fog Benson for Mark, on the condition that Mark help his father with the fishing to pay him back.
The townspeople, who generally regard brown bears as wild and unpredictable, now think that Ben is dangerous, and Mark is forced to abandon Ben on an island, where Ben is still menaced by Fog Benson and hunters.
Soon afterwards, Karl's fishing boat is destroyed in a storm, so he takes a job minding a fish trap on the island where Ben is living, which leads to Mark and Ben renewing their friendship.
The grateful King pays a local guide to protect Ben and ends up going into business with Karl Andersen, so Ben will be safe and the Andersen's financial fortunes are greatly improved.
An tall (life size) carved wooden statue of Gentle Ben the bear stands in Walt Morey Park in Wilsonville, Oregon, a bear-themed park created on land that previously belonged to the Morey family.
Clint Howard, an experienced child TV actor, was cast in the main role of Mark, and Dennis Weaver and Vera Miles played his parents, while the villain Fog Hanson was played by Ralph Meeker.
Clint Howard's father Rance Howard appeared in the film as Tater Coughlin, one of Fog Hanson's gang, but played a completely different recurring role (as Henry Boomhauer, the Wedloes' neighbor) in the TV series.
Several black bears appeared in the film, portraying Ben's mother, Ben at different stages of his life from cub to full-grown adult, and Ben's mate and cubs.
According to Derrick Rosaire Sr. and his family, the same female bear was used to play both Ben's mother and an older Ben.
Ben as a full-grown adult was played primarily by Bruno, who also was the main bear playing Ben in the TV series.
The Boomhauer character appeared in several of the episodes and was played by Clint's real-life father Rance Howard (who also wrote episodes for the show).
Although the network wanted to have Ben speak like a human on the show, Tors disliked the idea, so Ben made only animal noises.
The bears were obtained from Canada or near the Canada-U.S. border because those bears' coats were thicker and more photogenic than those of bears located further south in the U.S.
Helfer stated that four bears were used to portray Ben, with other sources naming or listing additional bears, who may have been used in particular scenes or as stand-in bears.
Bruno was the favorite bear actor because of his good disposition, broad range of behaviors, facial expressions, and ability to work with children.
A bear named Buck, who closely resembled Bruno but was a slightly smaller, younger and more agile bear, was used for scenes requiring the bear to run.
According to Clint Howard, Bruno the bear and Buck the bear together did approximately 75 percent of the bear acting work.
In the 1980s, Dennis Weaver recalled that a bear named Hammer, who occasionally misbehaved on the set, was used for bear scenes involving water.
Other bears reportedly used included Smokey, Oscar, Baron, Tudor, Virgil, and a bear (identity unknown) with a tendency to fight who was used for bear fight scenes.
Bruno reportedly lived with Cox in a Miami apartment, sometimes even following him into the shower and sleeping in his bed.
Buck entertained visitors for many years at the Homosassa Springs Attraction in Florida (now part of Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park).
Hammer retired from acting in 1969 and became the first black bear at the Dreher Park Zoo (later renamed the Palm Beach Zoo) in West Palm Beach, Florida, where he lived for almost 20 years.
The bears, who were from the northern United States or Canada and thus used to colder temperatures, had trouble adjusting to the warm climate.
Following a severe flood that caused major damage to Africa U.S.A. in January 1969, the bears working on the show were relocated permanently to Homosassa Springs, where the Ivan Tors Animal Actor Training School was then operating.
Many of the plots focused on themes relating to Tom Wedloe's work as a wildlife officer, such as animal management, lost children, disasters such as hurricanes or fires, and poaching or other illegal activities taking place in Wedloe's jurisdiction.
A recurring plot device involved a stranger encountering Ben for the first time and being terrified, until Mark explained that Ben was not dangerous.
The airboat, with the characters of Tom, Mark, Ellen, and Ben the bear riding it, was prominently featured in the show's opening credits.
According to trainer Monty Cox, Ivan Tors once expressed concern that when Bruno the bear walked away from the camera, his testicles were visible in some shots, and asked if Cox could somehow tape them up so they would be out of camera view.
Several people involved with the series, including Cox, have confirmed that the bears used in the production were sometimes ill-tempered or did not behave as expected, and that working with them could be dangerous.
According to Dennis Weaver, during the run of the show, the cast and crew were forbidden to publicly mention any incidents of bear misbehavior.
However, Clint Howard has stated that he never suffered any injuries from the bears on the show, and that his only injury came from working with a raccoon that had not been declawed.
In spite of its short lifespan and cancellation, the show continued to run regularly in syndication, including outside the United States.
Although the show was praised for promoting respect for nature and family values, it also drew criticism for its unrealistic portrayal of a wild bear's interaction with humans.
Some critics noted that the show premiered only a few weeks after the well-publicized Glacier National Park, Montana fatal grizzly bear attacks of August 13, 1967, when two female campers were killed by grizzly bears, in separate incidents and locations, on the same night.
People saw this big lovable bear on television and when they see a bear in the park I guess they think it's the same one.
Sweden also refused to broadcast the show due to concerns that children would be influenced to play and interact with the wild bears indigenous to that country.
In the early 2000s, two TV movie remakes of the original series were sponsored by the Animal Planet cable channel in association with Hallmark Entertainment.
Marine Boy was one of the first color anime cartoons to be shown in a dubbed form in the U.S., and later in Australia and the United Kingdom.
It was sold outside Japan via K. Fujita Associates Inc., with Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Television handling worldwide distribution of the English-language version.
The series is set in the future, when humankind has pioneered the world's oceans, establishing great facilities for undersea ranching (episode 4, 17, 22), mineral and oil exploitation (ep.
In this era there is an ocean-based government agency: The Ocean Patrol, whose mission includes protecting all in the sea from danger (episode 4).
Most of the activity we witness of the OP is that of policing the world's oceans, for this affluent frontier and its resources seems to have produced a startling number of megalomaniacs—it seems hardly a week goes by in which the Ocean Patrol doesn't divert someone with an impressive private military force from taking over the world.
That being the case, the Ocean Patrol is also an impressive military force with small and large subs, war ships, and an air force (ep.
However, there are non-military branches of the Ocean Patrol which conduct some of the aforementioned ranching, research, oil drilling and so on.
The crew of the P-1 includes Bolton and Piper (a double act, reminiscent of Laurel and Hardy) and often the Ocean Patrol member Marine Boy.
He has a great affinity with sea life, most particularly with a white dolphin he calls Splasher who Marine Boy occasionally seems able to communicate with quite clearly (ep.
It is perhaps because of his skills along with his avid insistence to get involved with trouble that his father, along with Professor Fumble, invented for him the red wetsuit which protects and equips Marine Boy, allowing for him to use his talents to perform dangerous duty.
The boots have hyper-powered propeller packs built into the heels which are so efficient they can enable Marine Boy to move huge boulders (ep.
When unfolded and thrown it can generate a powerful electric shock, which has proved to be so disruptive to some electrical systems, it has blown up entire submarines (ep.
Neptina wears a magic pearl around her neck, which could be used for various purposes including creating an envelope of protection and deterring dangerous animals (episode 1, 2, 17), as well as working as a crystal ball to see events (ep.
During battle Marine Boy always directs her to safely stay out of harm's way, and Neptina always submits, then almost inevitably ends up saving Marine Boy.
Marine Boy often faints after being attacked with knock-out gas but Marine Boy is also knocked unconscious by robot spiders, red dolphins and mysterious seaweed, to name but a few.
It was a well-received experiment and Terebi Doga prepared to produce a full series follow-up, although this time they decided that their program would be produced in color in order to maximise the potential of the production, both artistically and commercially.
Japan had been transmitting some programs in color since 1960, however, not all Japanese studios had converted their operations to color.
To complicate matters, not all Japanese networks were interested in buying expensive color film series which were considered vehicles for selling commercial airtime, especially programs aimed primarily at children.
Some broadcasters (such as NHK, TBS, NET and Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation) had embraced color as the emerging and more engaging format, but others such as Fuji TV were unwilling to buy or co-finance color programming without a guarantee of commercial return or sponsored support.
Jaffe expressed interest in re-packaging the existing series and expanding it with newly animated episodes for the English-speaking market, with two provisions.
First, the series needed to run for 78 episodes to ensure the program had substantial shelf-life and value for money for stations buying it.
Second, it was stipulated that the Japanese-language version could not be aired in Japan before the English-language version had aired first-run in the U.S. and sold to international broadcasters.
The Japanese version of the series was eventually sold to Fuji TV and aired on Mondays at 6 pm between 31 January 1969 and 22 September 1969, with only the first 36 episodes broadcast.
It was later bought by Nippon TV, all 78 episodes airing Monday to Friday at 5:00 pm between 11 May to 2 September 1971.
Upsilon Pi Epsilon (ΥΠΕ): International Honor Society for the Computing and Information Disciplines, is the first honor society dedicated to the discipline of the computing and information disciplines.
Informally known as UPE, Upsilon Pi Epsilon was founded on January 10, 1967 at Texas A&M University and has chartered over 270 chapters at college campuses across the world.
With the rise of importance of information technology to many fields, other honorary societies have added computer science to their traditional scope.
Upsilon Pi Epsilon is endorsed by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society (IEEE-CS), the two largest computer organizations in the world.
Aside from conferring honor on computer science and computer engineering students, it has a large involvement with the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest.
Additionally, UPE gives out a number of scholarships for its members and those who are active student members of the ACM or IEEE-CS.
The Shag Rocks () are six small islands in the westernmost extreme of South Georgia, west of the main island of South Georgia and off the Falkland Islands.
Situated on the South Georgia Ridge, they have a peak elevation above sea level of , and stand in water approximately deep.
The Shag Rocks were discovered by Jose de la Llana in 1762 with the Spanish ship Aurora, and originally named the Aurora Islands, after his ship.
They were visited by the Spanish ship San Miguel in 1769, again by the Aurora in 1774, and in 1779 by the Princesa and the Dolores.
However, the Aurora Islands are considered by many to have been a mistaken sighting that was coincidentally near the Shag Rocks, which were known to sealers prior to 1823.
They were later rediscovered by James P. Sheffield and given their current name, probably because shags and other seabirds frequent them.
The first landing on the islands was made in 1956 when Argentine geologist Mario Giovinetto was lowered from a helicopter to collect rock samples.
The Falklands War of 1982 was fought by Britain and Argentina not only over the territories of the Falkland Islands, but also over South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Black Rock and Shag Rocks are on the route from the Falkland Islands to South Georgia Island, on a seamount of Scotia Ridge.
Britain won the 1982 Falklands War, and in 1985 formed its overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which includes Black Rock and Shag Rocks.
Like almost all her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, and never saw active service again.
On 11–12 July, she bombarded Munda, and until 5 September, when she sailed for a brief overhaul at Sydney, patrolled southeast of the Solomons.
Early in March, her group swept along the line between Truk and Kavieng in search of enemy shipping, then covered the assault and occupation of Emirau Island from 17 to 23 March.
She sailed on 6 October, guarding the force which was to seize Dinagat and other islands at the entrance of Leyte Gulf which must be neutralized before the vast Leyte invasion fleet could enter the Gulf.
But as the landings proceeded, the Japanese fleet sailed south to give battle, and on the night of 24 October, its southern force entered Leyte Gulf through Surigao Strait.
Attacks by motor torpedo boats and destroyers on the Japanese force opened this phase of the decisive battle for Leyte Gulf.
In December, operating from Kossol Roads in the Palaus, she covered Army landings on Mindoro, and on 14 December, lost four of her men when a gun misfired during an air attack.
The plane and its bomb penetrated two decks before exploding, killing 13 (including 3 survivors of the who had been rescued two days earlier after their ship was sunk following a kamikaze attack) and wounding 44 men, putting her aft turrets out of action, and setting the ship afire.
Her crew's accomplishments in saving their ship and carrying out their mission without interruption were recognized with the Navy Unit Commendation for this operation.
Three days later, she sailed for Balikpapan, Borneo, off which she lay from 28 June, guarding minesweeping which preceded the invasion of the island on 1 July.
She covered the landing of Australian troops, and gave them gunfire support through the next day, sailing then to join Task Force 95 (TF 95) in its repeated sweeps against Japanese shipping in the East China Sea.
At the close of the war, she carried inspection parties to Truk, the important Japanese base bypassed during the war, and carried Army passengers between Guam, Saipan, and Iwo Jima until sailing for home on 31 October.
She was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Philadelphia on 30 November 1946, and sold for scrapping on 18 February 1959.
This was done in honor of the ship's namesake, the capital city of South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union.
The party was formed on March 28, 2004 when the local branch of the Left Party in Gnesta voted to leave the mother party.
Vänsterdemokraterna was later, at a meeting in Stockholm on January 29, 2006, constituted as a nationwide party with ambitions to contest the 2006 parliamentary elections.
A high school building was built near the former Crestwood Elementary on KY 22 in the 1920s; the current building in Buckner opened in 1953.
It remained the only public high school in the county until 1989, when the school district was split into two high school attendance zones to handle the population growth resulting from Oldham County's decades-long transition from a rural area to a bedroom community for Louisville.
The program has placed second in the state for the Four A (AAAA) division from the Kentucky High School Journalism Association.
The Symphonic Bands have performed with distinction in festival performances held in Toronto (three times), St. Louis, San Antonio, Boston, New York City, Chicago (Orchestra Hall), Chattanooga (TN), and Williamsburg (VA).
They have also performed as a featured ensemble at the KMEA In-Service Conference four times (2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018), and served as a clinic ensemble at the Conference on three other occasions.
Many student performers audition successfully into the All 5th District bands, and a significant number of them subsequently earn positions in the Kentucky All State Bands every year.
This non-competitive ensemble performs at home football games and local events, splitting into two large pep bands to support boys and girls basketball during the winter months.
The boys' soccer team made it to the elite eight and then went on to win state for the tenth time.
OCHS represented the state of Kentucky in the national finals of the United States Academic Decathlon (USAD) in 1993, 1997–2006, and 2009.
She was launched on 30 November 1944 by Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy, Massachusetts; she was sponsored by Mrs. E. G. Meyers; and commissioned on 8 June 1945, Captain Allen Hobbs in command.
On 1 April, she helped to sink 24 Japanese submarines, prizes of war, and next day sailed for San Pedro, California.
For the remainder of the year, she operated in west coast waters, then made a second Far Eastern cruise from 15 January to 12 June 1947.
She cruised in the Mediterranean from October 1952 through January 1953, serving part of that time as flagship of the 6th Fleet.
Just a month later, on 5 January 1956, she sailed for Yokosuka, Japan, and operated with the 7th Fleet until she returned to Long Beach on 8 July.
During the late summer of 1958, her presence was a reminder of American strength and interest as she patrolled the Taiwan Straits during the crisis brought on by the renewed shelling of the offshore islands by the Chinese communists.
The ship did however, receive a 5-month overhaul of her machinery, and heavy maintenance to her electrical and hull structures to keep her operational for another five years.
Upon return from her final Mediterranean deployment on 31 May 1974, she entered port and began preparations for deactivation and decommissioning.
Magnesium chloride, as the natural mineral bischofite, is also extracted (by solution mining) out of ancient seabeds, for example, the Zechstein seabed in northwest Europe.
When magnesium chloride is applied to roads and bare soil areas, both positive and negative performance issues occur which are related to many application factors.
The introduction of MgCl supports increases the activity of traditional catalysts and allowed the development of highly stereospecific catalysts for the production of polypropylene.
When highways are treacherous due to icy conditions, magnesium chloride helps to prevent the ice bond, allowing snow plows to clear the roads more efficiently.
Because magnesium is a mobile nutrient, magnesium chloride can be effectively used as a substitute for magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) to help correct magnesium deficiency in plants via foliar feeding.
This is due primarily to the chlorine present in magnesium chloride, which can easily reach toxic levels if over-applied or applied too often.
Magnesium can be depleted by mangrove plants and the use of excessive limewater or by going beyond natural calcium, alkalinity, and pH values.
Magnesium toxicity from magnesium salts is rare in healthy individuals with a normal diet, because excess magnesium is readily excreted in urine by the kidneys.
A few cases of oral magnesium toxicity have been described in persons with normal renal function ingesting large amounts of magnesium salts, but it is rare.
If a large amount of magnesium chloride is eaten, it will have effects similar to magnesium sulfate, causing diarrhea, although the sulfate also contributes to the laxative effect in magnesium sulfate, so the effect from the chloride is not as severe.
Too much of either nutrient may harm a plant, although foliar chloride concentrations are more strongly related with foliar damage than magnesium.
High concentrations of MgCl ions in the soil may be toxic or change water relationships such that the plant cannot easily accumulate water and nutrients.
Once inside the plant, chloride moves through the water-conducting system and accumulates at the margins of leaves or needles, where dieback occurs first.
The presence of dissolved magnesium chloride in the well water (bore water) used in locomotive boilers on the Trans-Australian Railway caused serious and expensive maintenance problems during the steam era.
At no point along its route does the line cross a permanent freshwater watercourse, so bore water had to be relied on.
No inexpensive treatment for the highly mineralised water was available, and locomotive boilers were lasting less than a quarter of the time normally expected.
Peter Kenneth Murray (born 14 October 1969) is an Australian singer-songwriter who has had three albums reached number 1 on the Australian (ARIA) charts.
When he was 18, his father died of a heart attack, Murray was contesting the Australian championships of the 400 meters.
While on the sidelines, Murray started to learn the guitar at age 22 and his ability soon improved with plenty of practice.
Eventually, he worked up the courage to take his guitar to a barbecue singing songs by Neil Young and Crowded House.
Eventually, enough people told him that he had the talent to be successful in music and he started a musical career, playing small gigs around the country with flautist Col McIntyre, eventually putting a band together (including the keyboard player Ben McCarthy, who works with him to this day).
This spurred sales of the album driving it to number one on the Australian album charts in late March 2004 and six times platinum status.
One of his sell-out performances at the Sydney Metro Theatre on 27 March 2004 was made available for download at BigPond Music.
Following the Boxing Day Tsunami, Murray appeared at the Wave Aid fundraising concert in Sydney, to raise funds for aid organisations working in disaster-affected areas.
The APRA Awards are several award ceremonies run in Australia by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) to recognise composing and song writing skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.
(Scotland) Act 1994 (c. 39) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the current local government structure of 32 unitary authorities covering the whole of Scotland.
It abolished the two-tier structure of regions and districts created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 which had previously covered Scotland except for the islands council areas.
The Secretary of State for Scotland, Ian Lang outlined proposed areas in a statement to the Commons on 8 July 1993.
Islands council areas had been unitary council areas since implementation of the 1973 Act, and Section 3 of the 1994 Act provided that the existing islands areas were to continue to be local government areas.
Having made the draft plan there was to be an eight-week period in which the area council was to consult with the relevant community councils and invite the public to make observations.
The area councils took on the powers of the abolished districts to make or amend schemes for the establishment of communities.
In 1988, some members of the Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers (5S), who were also members of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management (IWEM; chartered in 1995, now CIWEM), founded the Guild of Water Conservators.
Each of them is holding a golden shovel to recognise the part played by the British chapter of the 5S (whose badge is a golden shovel) in the formation of the guild.
The Academic Decathlon (also called AcDec, AcaDeca or AcaDec) is the only annual high school academic competition organized by the non-profit United States Academic Decathlon (USAD).
Academic Decathlon was created by Robert Peterson in 1968 for local schools in Orange County, California and was expanded nationally in 1981 by Robert Peterson, William Patton, first President of the new USAD Board; and Phillip Bardos, Chairman of the new USAD Board.
That year, 17 states and the District of Columbia participated, a number that has grown to include most of the United States and some international schools.
Teams generally consist of nine members, who are divided into three divisions based on a custom calculated grade point average: Honors (3.75–4.00 GPA), Scholastic (3.00–3.74 GPA), and Varsity (0.00–2.99 GPA).
Each team member competes in all ten events against other students in his or her division, and team scores are calculated using the top two overall individual scores from each team in all three divisions.
To earn a spot at the national competition in April, teams must advance through local, regional, and state competitions, though some levels of competition may be bypassed for smaller states.
Over the years, there have been various small controversies, the most infamous being the scandal involving the Steinmetz High School team, which was caught cheating at the 1995 Illinois state finals.
Academic Decathlon has been criticized by educators for the amount of time it requires students to spend on the material, as it constitutes an entire curriculum beyond the one provided by the school.
At first only regional contests were held, organized by the Orange County Academic Decathlon Corporation (OCAD) with the assistance of the Orange County Department of Education.
In 1971, when the grand jury recommended that the Orange County Department of Education should no longer play a part in the competition, full control was handed over to the OCAD.
In 1979, the first statewide competition was held, and just over two years later, the newly formed United States Academic Decathlon Association held the first national competition in April 1982 at Loyola Marymount University in California—200 high schools from 16 states and the District of Columbia competed for the chance to attend.
In April 2009, USAD announced that it would be regularly hosting an online international competition, the International Academic Decathlon, after a successful trial event in 2008; however, all 2009 participants but Southbank opted out, leading USAD to issue Southbank an invitation to attend the 2009 U.S. National Competition instead.
The original ten events were aesthetics (music and visual arts), conversation, essay writing, mathematics, practical arts, formal speech, physical science, social science, current events, extracurricular activities, and English literature, grammar, and reading.
Over time, those events evolved into: economics, essay, fine arts, interview, language and literature, math, science, social sciences, speech and Super Quiz.
In 1998, Super Quiz replaced economics; from 1999 until 2012, it replaced either science or social science and alternated replacing the two from 2003 to 2012.
Beginning with the 2013 season, the Super Quiz consisted of a relay portion only, encompassing questions from the respective year's Science, Language and Literature, Music, Social Science, Art, and Economics curriculum.
Prior to that season, students had performed their own research for each event, and test writers did not have to base their questions on material USAD published.
However, after a policy change at the beginning of the 1999–2000 competition year, test writers were required to base the tests on official USAD materials.
Economics focused on business organizations and profiles in individual enterprise rather than macroeconomics and microeconomics as it had for the previous 19 years.
A decrease in scores followed these changes; the national winner that year, El Camino Real High School, scored 5,923 fewer points than James E. Taylor High School had the previous year.
The following year, USAD settled on an organization of test materials that it would use for almost a full decade, with a mixture of questions from the provided material and independent research.
Though the events finally stabilized during the 2000–01 season, the USAD administration changed dramatically that year when the program's executive director, James Alvino, resigned.
His critics and the USAD Board regarded the inclusion as a conflict of interest, as the material was a persuasive essay that heavily pushed Alvino's point of view.
The season was also significant in that it was the first year that states were allowed to send both their large and small school champions to the national competition.
In 2010, California Academic Decathlon announced that a large school e-Nationals would be held for the second-highest performing school in each state.
In 2010, it was announced that high school students who don't have access to a school team or whose team has been eliminated in an earlier round can participate in an online individual competition.
The USAD requires a diversity of achievement within each team; teams must have students who fall into three categories determined by GPA.
USAD uses a modified GPA scale in which performance-based classes such as music, art or physical education are omitted from the GPA calculation.
An A is counted as a 4.0, a B as a 3.0, a C as a 2.0, a D as a 1.0, and a F as a 0.
However, since only the top two scores from each category count towards the team's total score, a team can compete with as few as six students without any point deduction.
Students may compete in a higher category than the one they are assigned to, but generally it is to the students' advantage to compete in the lowest category they can.
Scores in Varsity are typically lower than those in Scholastic, and those in Scholastic are typically lower than those in Honors.
California, the state with the largest Academic Decathlon, holds local scrimmages using the Round 1 tests, which are largely for practice and do not determine whether a team can compete at the regional level, which uses Round 2 tests.
In the 2008–09 season, 43 states participated in statewide Academic Decathlons, though only 35 and an international school participated in the national competition.
Like an athletic decathlon, the Academic Decathlon has ten events: art, economics, essay, interview, language and literature, math, music, science, social science, and speech.
Prior to 2013, the Super Quiz replaced one of the seven objective events each year; from 2003-2012, it alternated between replacing science and social science.
USAD releases the topics and theme of the following year's competition in early March, giving students time to prepare for a competition season that runs from November to April.
The events are split up into two groups: the seven objective tests (art, economics, language and literature, math, music, science and social science) the three subjective events (essay, interview and speech).
Beginning in the 2012-2013 season, the SuperQuiz written test was dropped and the oral relay was changed to include questions from six of the objective subjects: art, economics, language and literature, music, science, and social science.
Language and literature focuses on a single novel or a set of plays in addition to multiple short literary selections which tend to be poems or excerpts from short stories.
Economics remains fairly static; 85% of the material focuses on a standard course of macroeconomics and microeconomics and the remaining 15% focuses on the year's topic.
In both the speech and interview, the competitor is not allowed to reveal his or her school or hometown to ensure neutrality by the judges.
In the essay event, students are given 50 minutes to write an essay responding to one of three prompts derived from the language and literature or the Super Quiz curriculum.
The music event included questions on Latin American music and included works by musicians as varied as Manuel de Zumaya, Silvestre Revueltas, Ástor Piazzolla and Xavier Cugat.
The Super Quiz covered an introduction to evolutionary biology, the historical development of the theory of evolution, natural selection, speciation, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and evolutionary developmental biology.
The United States Academic Decathlon publishes a variety of study materials for the objective events, the profits from which support the program.
A large part of the guide focused on information about that year's composers: Beethoven, Berlioz, Rossini, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Verdi, Mussorgsky, Wagner, Bizet, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Mahler and Strauss.
Two of the major ones were Acalon Cards and Exams and DemiDec, formed by former coach Dan Spetner and former Decathlete Daniel Berdichevsky, respectively.
USAD explicitly discouraged teams from ordering materials from third-party companies in the late 1998, though it later removed their discouragement from the curriculum page.
In 2000, several coaches who had led their teams to Nationals during the 1990s resigned in protest over Academic Decathlon's decision to sell nearly $1,000 of study materials rather than simply providing topics for students to independently research.
Teams also denounced the hundreds of errors they found in the official guides; coaches were sometimes forced to instruct their students to deliberately give the wrong answer in the official competition.
Richard Golenko, coach of the 1996 J. Frank Dobie High School team that won the national competition, said that the decision to market guides shifted Academic Decathlon's emphasis to memorization over critical thinking.
In the 1980s, the Association did not endorse Academic Decathlon, citing what it believes was an excessive amount of time involved with the studying necessary to win.
In 2013, Super Quiz became a 10,000 point event that only counts for the team score, making the maximum possible team score 70,000.
Depending on the state director, the relay component of Super Quiz contained either 5 or 10 questions, each worth 80 or 40 points respectively.
Starting in 2013, the Super Quiz contained only the relay component with 5 or 10 questions, each worth approximately 333.3 or 166.7 questions respectively.
The written test was sometimes omitted at the state level even before 2013 if a state director wished to weigh the Super Quiz Relay more heavily.
Perfect scores of 1,000 in events are recorded regularly, and there have been cases of dozens of medal winners for a single event because of perfect and near-perfect scores.
Though the medals are given out only to winners of the competitions, teams can order them along with other study materials.
If the difference between the judges' scores differs by 200 points or more, then a third reader is asked to grade the student's essay.
It was not until 1992, 24 years after the program's inception, that Tyson Rogers achieved this feat at the national competition.
The current highest individual score is 9,707.9, achieved by Hannah Lee from Wakeland High School at the 2019 Texas state regionals competition.
The 54,195.1 score produced by the 2016 Granada Hills Charter High School team at the National Championship stands as the record for the highest team score.
Three days before the 1995 Illinois state competition, Steinmetz High School obtained copies of the tests from the DeVry Institute of Technology, where the state finals were being held.
The cheating allowed Steinmetz to beat perennial powerhouse Whitney Young Magnet High School, who had won the Illinois state finals in 22 of the previous 23 years.
Six of the twelve students in the nation who scored over 900 points on the math test came from Steinmetz High School, prompting the Illinois state Academic Decathlon to suspect cheating.
The Steinmetz team was disqualified after team members refused to take an alternate version of the test, and its coach eventually resigned.
Catholic Memorial High School coach John Burke was at the center of a dispute over the results of the 2003 Wisconsin state final.
The essay had only received 390 points out of a possible 1000, and Burke contended that it had been scored improperly.
Though Burke was reprimanded, parents of Catholic Memorial students believed the punishment, a three-year suspension for Burke and a one-year suspension for Catholic Memorial, was due to personality differences between Burke and Wisconsin Academic Decathlon officials.
The top prepared speeches are honored at the Speech Showcase, while the rest of the medals—for example, gold in art for Honors, or silver in math for Varsity—are awarded to the top scoring persons during the awards banquet regardless of division.
Two years later, the medium school virtual competition was added to accommodate schools with a student population between 650 and 1,300.
Because only the seven multiple choice tests and essay are used, team scores are out of 48,000 points instead of 60,000.
Coached by Sean Canfield, the team has won both the California and National Small School titles for the past 6 years.
UHS has a current enrollment of 465 students, yet placed 8th overall at the 2013 California State, competing against schools several times its size.
In 2010, the United States Academic Decathlon announced the beginning of a large school e-Nationals for the second-highest performing large school in each state.
Styled Marquess of Worcester from 1746, at his father's death on 28 October 1756, he succeeded him as 5th Duke of Beaufort, 7th Marquess of Worcester, 11th Earl of Worcester, and 13th Baron Herbert.
On 18 October 1760 he began his studies at Oriel College, Oxford, graduating on 7 July 1763 with a Doctor of Civil Laws (DCL) degree.
He was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Monmouthshire in 1771 and Lord-Lieutenant of Brecknockshire in 1787, holding both offices until his death in 1803, as well as that of Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire from 1787 to 1799.
Y-DNA of his descendants did not match Richard III, meaning that somewhere in his pedigree, there was a false paternity event.
From 1975, Clackmannan (from the Gaelic Clach Mhanainn, 'Stone of Manau') was the name of a small town and local government district in the Central region of Scotland, corresponding to the traditional county of Clackmannanshire, which was Scotland's smallest.
The town of Clackmannan, in which the 'Stone' - a prehistoric monolith of probable cultic significance in the Iron Age - remains, was the chief settlement of its area from the Middle Ages (if not earlier), until supplanted from the second half of the 18th century by the growing manufacturing town of Alloa, on the north shore of the Firth of Forth.
The medieval castle of Clackmannan Tower (Historic Scotland) stands above the town and is a landmark visible for many miles around.
Dating from the 14th century, though much altered, the Tower is at present not open to the public, having been rendered dangerous by subsidence due to coal-mining (view from exterior).
The Stone of Manau stands by the mercat cross and the surviving tower and west gable of the former burgh tolbooth (built late 17th century) in the centre of the old town.
(Scotland) Act 1994 transferred the name to a unitary authority with the same boundaries, but the authority has subsequently re-adopted the traditional name of Clackmannanshire.
The site, which lies to the south-east of Clackmannan, is within the corridor for the new road and bridge across the River Forth at Kincardine.
The most substantial of these was a large roundhouse with an outer ring-groove and an entrance to the south-east with an extended porch.
Two large post-built roundhouses were found, both with long porches, one with an entrance to the south-east, the other to the north-west.
New Democracy (, NyD) was a political party in Sweden, founded in 1991 and elected into the Riksdag in its first election, falling equally fast out again in 1994.
Following its exit from the Riksdag, New Democracy, however, continued its decline, which culminated in February 2000 when it was finally declared bankrupt, retaining only one city council post at the time (until 2002).
New Democracy successfully campaigned on an agenda of reform and, although not nationalist, restricted immigration (initially on economic grounds rather than cultural).
It also called for wide-scale political reform, including cutting government departments, reducing the Riksdag to 151 members and electing Prime Minister by direct ballot rather than through the Riksdag.
Until the entrance of the Sweden Democrats in the Swedish Riksdag in September 2010, these years were the only time a right-wing populist party had been represented in the Riksdag.
Before New Democracy was formed, both founders Bert Karlsson and Ian Wachtmeister were well known in Sweden as charismatic public figures; Karlsson a self-made man, founder, owner and manager of both a record company and an amusement park; and Count Wachtmeister a businessman and from a highly esteemed aristocratic family.
They had planned starting a party for a short time, as they met for the first time in mid-November 1990 in a café at the Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, waiting for a flight.
The party was given the name New Democracy on 1 December 1990, and was formally incepted at a meeting in Skara on 4 February 1991 after having collected the required number of signatures for official registration.
During the show, he was incapable of answering the occasional complex political questions thrown at him by the host, and failed to explain how they sought to implement the party's political program.
During an election-night television program, Bengt Westerberg, leader of the Liberal People's Party, left the studio in protest against New Democracy's immigration policy.
In the Riksdag, New Democracy abstained from voting on the office of Prime Minister, and thus gave the four-party liberal-conservative government led by Carl Bildt its indirect support.
By 1992, it became more clear that the party chose to campaign on a line of criticism of immigration; for instance demanding a decreased foreign aid, expulsion of immigrants committing crime, loans rather than grants and temporary residence permits instead of asylum.
The party also started to disintegrate as a result of defections from the parliamentary group, exclusions, peculiar statements in the media, scandals and internal strife.
In the summer of 1993, the party's rising star Vivianne Franzén started to talk about immigrant rape and Muslim ritual murders.
In April, Harriet Colliander was chosen as new chairman instead, just to be followed by Wachtmeister's new candidate Vivianne Franzén in June.
In early 1994, the party started to initiate cooperation with parties such as the Sweden Democrats, the Sjöbo Party and the Centre Democrats.
The 1994 general election became a huge failure for the party, as it received only 1.4% of the vote and lost all its seats.
Already before the election, many local chapters of the party had broken out from the party, and established new local parties.
The organization became marked by internal power struggles over the control of party funds, and it quickly fell into dismay (at least at a national level).
Burned by the experience of New Democracy, Wachtmeister hand-picked the board, and the party did not have any conventions or accept any members.
Laholm city council representative Elver Åkesson retained his seat until the 2002 elections, the last active member of the party to hold office.
In its introduction, the party program asserted that it would always base its policies on common sense, personal liberty and consideration for others.
The 1991 election survey found that the party's voters was motivated foremost by its position on immigration issues and its economic policy, two issues that were growing in importance at the time.
The party set out a plan to reduce the overall taxation in Sweden from 57% (which it was in 1989), to 47% within six years, as it cited the average overall taxation in the OECD countries to be 37% the same time.
The party's anti-immigration stance was largely argued on economic terms, most often by comparing immigration costs and tax-cuts, although welfare chauvinism also sometimes was an element.
The party wanted to introduce temporary residence permits for refugees, and that those who were allowed to stay should immediately be assimilated into Swedish society.
In the party's 1993 summer camp, Vivianne Franzén (who became party leader in 1994) described a murder committed by a mentally ill immigrant as a Muslim ritual murder, and also warned that Swedish school children soon would have to turn towards Mecca.
Although typically compared to the parties, New Democracy officially distanced itself from both the right-wing populist Danish Progress Party and the Norwegian Progress Party.
The Diablerets massif, which consists of several peaks, extends for about 10 kilometres near the western extremity of the Bernese Alps, between the two deep passes, the Cheville Pass () right below the main summit to the south, and the Sanetsch/Sénin Pass () to the east.
The mountain is covered by two distinct glaciers, the largest being the Tsanfleuron Glacier and the highest being the Diablerets Glacier.
In the latter canton, the mountain has given its name to the nearby village and resort of Les Diablerets, which lies on the north side of the massif.
Along with the Muverans, the Wildhorn and the Wildstrubel, the Diablerets are one of the four distinct and glaciated massifs of the Bernese Alps that lie between the Rhone elbow and the Gemmi Pass.
The main section of the mountain, between the cantons of Vaud and Valais, is part of the Rhone basin, through the rivers Grande Eau (north) and Lizerne (south).
They form a single inclined plane towards the east, although they are separated by the rocky summit of Le Dôme (2,986 m), which lies just east of the main summit.
The smaller and higher Diablerets Glacier, however, is much wilder than the Tsanfleuron Glacier as it is steeper and more crevassed.
Along with the Culan, the Tête Ronde, and the Scex Rouge, the main summit forms an amphitheatre of limestone cliffs with numerous water falls, surrounding the valley of Creux de Champ and overlooking the village of Les Diablerets from a height of over 2,000 metres.
As with other mountains on the crest of the Bernese Alps, the slopes of the Diablerets experience different types of climate depending on their location: the northern slopes are cooler and wetter while the southern slopes are drier and warmer.
Further south in Valais, on the slopes of Mont Gond, vineyards are also very common below 1000 metres, but completely absent on the north side.
Since 1964, an aerial tramway connects the Scex Rouge from the Col du Pillon, 4 kilometres east of the village of Les Diablerets.
The Tsanfleuron Glacier, easily accessible from the Scex Rouge mountain station, has then become part of a large ski area with several ski lifts on it, culminating at nearly 3,000 metres, that goes by the commercial name of Glacier 3000.
The Peak Walk, a 107m suspension bridge to Scex Rouge from the peak at the top of the lift station, was constructed as a tourist attraction in 2014.
The main summit, although not very distant from the Scex Rouge station, can not be easily reached as it involves the crossing of the much-crevassed Diablerets Glacier, though it is accessible to more intrepid hikers.
Released on 21 July 2003, it went to number one on the Australian album charts on 29 March 2004 and to that date, achieved 6 x platinum status.
This spurred sales of the album driving it to number one on the Australian album charts in late March 2004 and triple platinum status.
As well, he made one of his sellout performances at the Sydney's Metro Theatre on 27 March 2004 available for download at BigPond Music.
Such networks are typically designed to perform sorting on fixed numbers of values, in which case they are called sorting networks.
Sorting networks differ from general comparison sorts in that they are not capable of handling arbitrarily large inputs, and in that their sequence of comparisons is set in advance, regardless of the outcome of previous comparisons.
Batcher, in 1968, suggested using them to construct switching networks for computer hardware, replacing both buses and the faster, but more expensive, crossbar switches.
Since the 2000s, sorting nets (especially bitonic mergesort) are used by the GPGPU community for constructing sorting algorithms to run on graphics processing units.
The wires are thought of as running from left to right, carrying values (one per wire) that traverse the network all at the same time.
When a pair of values, traveling through a pair of wires, encounter a comparator, the comparator swaps the values if and only if the top wire's value is greater than the bottom wire's value.
In a formula, if the top wire carries and the bottom wire carries , then after hitting a comparator the wires carry formula_1 and formula_2, respectively, so the pair of values is sorted.
A network of wires and comparators that will correctly sort all possible inputs into ascending order is called a sorting network.
Noting that sorting networks can perform certain comparisons in parallel (represented in the graphical notation by comparators that lie on the same vertical line), and assuming all comparisons to take unit time, it can be seen that the depth of the network is equal to the number of time steps required to execute it.
A construction of the two different variants, which collapses together comparators that can be performed simultaneously shows that, in fact, they are identical.
This is better than the time needed by random-access machines, but it turns out that there are much more efficient sorting networks with a depth of just , as described below.
While it is easy to prove the validity of some sorting networks (like the insertion/bubble sorter), it is not always so easy.
There are permutations of numbers in an -wire network, and to test all of them would take a significant amount of time, especially when is large.
The zero-one principle states that, if a sorting network can correctly sort all sequences of zeros and ones, then it is also valid for arbitrary ordered inputs.
This not only drastically cuts down on the number of tests needed to ascertain the validity of a network, it is of great use in creating many constructions of sorting networks as well.
The principle can be proven by first observing the following fact about comparators: when a monotonically increasing function is applied to the inputs, i.e., and are replaced by and , then the comparator produces and .
By induction on the depth of the network, this result can be extended to a lemma stating that if the network transforms the sequence into , it will transform into .
Various algorithms exist to construct simple, yet efficient sorting networks of depth (hence size ) such as Batcher odd–even mergesort, bitonic sort, Shell sort, and the Pairwise sorting network.
While their size has a much smaller constant factor than that of AKS networks, their depth is , which makes them inefficient for parallel implementation.
These networks can be used to increase the performance of larger sorting networks resulting from the recursive constructions of, e.g., Batcher, by halting the recursion early and inserting optimal nets as base cases.
size-optimal) sorting networks are known, and for higher values, lower bounds on their sizes can be derived inductively using a lemma due to Van Voorhis: .
The first ten optimal networks have been known since 1969, with the first eight again being known as optimal since the work of Floyd and Knuth, but optimality of the cases and took until 2014 to be resolved.
An optimal network for size 11 was found in December of 2019 by Jannis Harder, which also made the lower bound for 12 match its upper bound.
Some work in designing optimal sorting network has been done using genetic algorithms: D. Knuth mentions that the best known sorting networks for and were found by Loren Schwiebert using this method in 2001.
It is unlikely that significant further improvements can be made for testing general sorting networks, unless P=NP, because the problem of testing whether a candidate network is a sorting network is known to be co-NP-complete.
They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes.
In fact, the period of the Tosafot began immediately after Rashi had written his commentary; the first tosafists were Rashi's sons-in-law and grandsons, and the Tosafot consist mainly of strictures on Rashi's commentary.
Others, especially Isaac Hirsch Weiss, object that many tosafot — particularly those of Isaiah di Trani — have no reference to Rashi.
For just as the Gemara is a critical and analytical commentary on the Mishnah, so are the Tosafot critical and analytical glosses on those two parts of the Talmud.
The Tosafot resemble the Gemara in other respects also, for just as the latter is the work of different schools carried on through a long period, so the former were written at different times and by different schools, and gathered later into one body.
Thus some of Rashi's continuators, as his sons-in-law and his grandson Samuel ben Meïr (RaSHBaM), while they wrote commentaries on the Talmud after the manner of Rashi's, wrote also glosses on it in a style peculiar to themselves.
Single sentences are explained by quotations which are taken from other Talmudic treatises and which seem at first glance to have no connection with the sentences in question.
The Tosafot can be understood only by those who are well advanced in the study of the Talmud, for the most entangled discussions are treated as though they were simple.
The rules are certainly not gathered together in one series, as they are, for instance, in Maimonides' introduction to the Mishnah; they are scattered in various parts, and their number is quite considerable.
The above description concerns the general features of the Tosafot; nevertheless, the writings of different tosafists differ somewhat in style and method.
With regard to method, it should be said that the Tosafot of Touques (see below) concern particularly the casuistic interpretation of the traditional law, but do not touch halakhic decisions.
The chief home of tosafot literature was incontestably France, for it began with Rashi's pupils, and was continued mainly by the heads of the French schools.
While tosafot began to be written in Germany at the same time as in France, the French tosafists always predominated numerically.
But their tosafot not being otherwise known, the actual father of the tosafot in France was undoubtedly Jacob b. Meïr, known colloquially as Rabbeinu Tam, whose style was adopted by his successors.
The most prominent tosafist immediately after Rabbeinu Tam was his pupil and relative Isaac ben Samuel ha-Zaḳen (RI) of Dampierre, whose tosafot form a part of the Tosafot Yeshanim (see below).
Samson's fellow pupil Judah b. Isaac of Paris (Sir Leon) was also very active; he wrote tosafot to several Talmudic treatises, of which those to Berakhot were published at Warsaw (1863); some of those to 'Abodah Zarah are extant in manuscript.
Among the many French tosafists deserving special mention was Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise (Sir Morel), who, owing to the destruction of the Talmud in France in his time, relied for the text entirely upon his memory (Meïr of Rothenburg, Responsa, No.
The edited tosafot owe their existence particularly to Samson of Sens and to the following French tosafists of the thirteenth century: (1) Moses of Évreux, (2) Eliezer of Touques, and (3) Perez ben Elijah of Corbeil.
It has been said that the first German tosafist, Isaac b. Asher ha-Levi, was the head of a school, and that his pupils, besides composing tosafot of their own, revised his.
In the thirteenth century the German schools were represented by Baruch ben Isaac, in Regensburg, and later by Meïr of Rothenburg(MaHaRaM); the Italian school was represented by Isaiah di Trani.
If the tosafot of Asher b. Jehiel (RoSH) (d. 1328) are to be included, the tosafistic period extended through more than two centuries.
When the fanaticism of the French monasteries and the bigotry of Louis IX brought about the destruction of the Talmud, the writing of tosafot in France soon ceased.
Many of the last-named are known as authors of general Talmudic works, as, for instance, Eliezer b. Nathan of Mainz, Judah of Corbeil, and Jacob of Coucy; but many of them are known only through their being quoted in the Tosafot, as in the case of an Eliezer of Sens, a Jacob of Orleans, and many Abrahams and Isaacs.
Passages from the Tosafot of Sens which did not find their way into the main collection are sometimes printed under the title of Tosafot Yeshanim.
Moses of Évreux, one of the most prolific tosafists, furnished glosses to the whole Talmud; they form a distinct group known as the Tosafot of Évreux.
Eliezer of Touques, of the second half of the thirteenth century, made a compendium of the Tosafot of Sens and of Évreux; this compendium is called the Tosafot of Touques, and forms the basis of the edited tosafot.
It must be premised, however, that the Tosafot of Touques did not remain untouched; they were revised afterward and supplemented by the glosses of later tosafists.
Gershon Soncino, who printed these tosafot, declares that his ancestor Moses of Fürth, who lived in the middle of the fifteenth century, was a descendant in the fifth generation of Moses of Speyer, who is mentioned in the Tosafot of Touques.
Besides supplying tosafot to several treatises, which are quoted by many old authorities and are included among the edited tosafot (and many of which were seen in manuscript by Azulai), he revised those of his predecessors.
p. 57) thinks that the Tosafot of Sens may be referred to under this title; but the fact that Abraham b. David was much earlier than Samson of Sens leads to the supposition that the glosses indicated are those of previous tosafists, as Rabbeinu Tam, Isaac b. Asher ha-Levi, and Isaac b. Samuel ha-Zaḳen and his son.
The compiler of these decisions can not be identified with certainty; Asher b. Jehiel, his son Jacob b. Asher, and Ezekiel, uncle of Eliezer of Touques, are given by different authorities.
The tosafot which have been published with the text of the Talmud ever since its earliest edition (see Talmud, Editions of).
Most of the treatises are covered by the Tosafot of Touques, some by the Tosafot of Sens; many are provided with the tosafot of various authors, revised by Perez b. Elijah's school.
603 of the same collection contains also the Tosafot of Gornish and novellae by Judah Minz, and fragments of Gornish tosafot are found in manuscripts in other libraries.
Name sometimes applied to the recensions of Perez b. Elijah or to the tosafot of Jehiel of Paris (Bezaleel Ashkenazi, l.c.
94, who declares they belong to the Tosafot of Sens), there are single tosafot to sixteen treatises—Shabbat, Rosh ha-Shanah, Megillah, Giṭṭin, Baba Meẓi'a, Menaḥot, Bekorot, 'Erubin, Beẓah, Ketubot, Ḳiddushin, Nazir, Baba Batra, Horayot, Keritot, and Niddah.
The Vilna edition also includes tosafot from other collections, such as Tosafot Yeshanim, Tosafot ha-Ri and Tosafot ha-Rid on a few tractates.
Complete sets of the Tosafot ha-Rosh and the Tosafot of Rabbi Peretz are published separately, as are individual volumes from the Tosafot Yeshanim and a few others.
The most recent editions of the Talmud, such as the Friedmann edition published by Oz we-Hadar, incorporate these collections at the back of each volume, in a synoptic fashion.
It was founded in 1994 as a splinter group of the local branch of the Social Democrats and was led by Lars Törnman from 1994 until 2010, when Törnman left the party for the Social Democrats.
In the municipal elections in 1994, Kirunapartiet got 33% of the total vote, which meant that the party was the largest of the parties in the municipal government, and got the right to appoint the municipal commissioner.
Following Törnman's realignment and a (failed) internal attempt to dissolve the party in favor of a stronger Social Democratic party, the municipal election of 2010 resulted in poor figures for the party.
The Kiruna Party attempted to reach parliament in 2002 (as a part of the Norrbotten Party ticket) and Norrbotten County council in 2002 and 2006, respectively.
The town was an industrial centre for weaving and shoe-making in the 19th century, and has a long association with the Co-operative movement.
Many archaeological finds from the Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon periods have been made in the town some of which, such as the 1st-century Desborough Mirror, and the Anglo-Saxon Desborough Necklace, are in the collections of the British Museum.
In the High Street, as a centrepiece of what is now the Market Square, stands a pillar that is called locally the Town Cross despite being a square column with a stone ball on top.
Between 1857 and 1968, Desborough had a railway station, opened and operated by the Midland Railway, (later the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and, after nationalisation, British Rail), as part of an extension of its network from Leicester to Bedford and Hitchin.
Desborough has a parish church (St Giles') along with a Baptist church, a United Reformed Church, and the Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity.
Relics of the town's history include part of an Anglo-Saxon cross carved from stone, a Tudor rood screen, and reminders of the English Civil War.
Close by the church is the 18th-century Church House with its stucco and Doric pillars, which became Desborough House in the 19th century and is now the Services Club.
On 7 September 1969 the Anglican (Church of England) and Methodist partnership was inaugurated in the presence of the Bishop of Peterborough and the Chairman of the Oxford District.
St Giles has regular church festivals including one of the United Kingdom's longest running (since 1998) and largest (over 100 trees) Christmas Tree Festival.
Desborough is a member of the Charter of European Rural Communities and through this has links with 27 other EU member towns and villages.
Starting with local shops and then a corset and lingerie factory, the Desborough Co-op once had a department store, a bank, a supermarket, a travel agents, a ladies' shoe and clothing shop and a number of corner stores.
Following a number of mergers, the town is now served by the Central England Co-op and over the years a number of the outlets have closed including the bank branch and the ladies' shoe and clothing shop, while a co-operative undertakers has opened in one of the former corner shops.
The former Co-operative Society Sports Ground with its football field and tennis courts is now the site of a housing development called Desbeau Park.
Desborough has an up-to-date leisure complex, built in the later months of 2012, which includes a gym, a café, a football court, a basketball court, and an outside skate park.
There is one primary school and one infant/junior school in Desborough, Loatlands Primary and the combined Havelock Infant and Junior schools.
In the same way the Bravais lattice is divided up into Wigner–Seitz cells in the real lattice, the reciprocal lattice is broken up into Brillouin zones.
The importance of the Brillouin zone stems from the Bloch wave description of waves in a periodic medium, in which it is found that the solutions can be completely characterized by their behavior in a single Brillouin zone.
The first Brillouin zone is the locus of points in reciprocal space that are closer to the origin of the reciprocal lattice than they are to any other reciprocal lattice points (see the derivation of the Wigner-Seitz cell).
A related concept is that of the irreducible Brillouin zone, which is the first Brillouin zone reduced by all of the symmetries in the point group of the lattice (point group of the crystal).
After 42 years of success in stimulating European research through its networking, ESF undertook a re-alignment and re-calibration of its strategic vision and focus.
Up to 2015 ESF provided a platform for research scoping, planning and networking on a European and global scale for ESF member organisations.
In line with its then mission and strategic plan, the European Science Foundation ran programmes in science; programmes to enhance science synergy such as research networking programmes and collaborative research projects for European scientists; along with activities dedicated to science management, such as providing administrative services to independent scientific committees and other organisations.
In June 2008, ESF in collaboration with EUROHORCs (European Heads of Research Councils) published a policy briefing ‘The EUROHORCs and ESF Vision on a Globally Competitive ERA and their Road Map for Actions to Help Build it’, detailing essential requirements to build a globally competitive European Research Area within the next five to ten years.
Science Connect is ESF's Expert services division dedicated to support scientific decision-making through a range of science-support services, such as Peer Review, Career Tracking, Project Management and Expert Boards Hosting.
ESF’s Community of Experts is a quality driven network of international recognized experts that covers the full spectrum of the scientific landscape (Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Life and Biomedical Sciences).
Established in 1974, the ESSC provides unbiased, expert advice to the space scientific community including but not limited to the European Space Agency, the European Commission, EU national space agencies.
Over the years, the ESSC has become the reference body in Europe for independent scientific advice on space matters and a key partner for international research collaboration.
NuPECC’s aim is to strengthen European collaboration in nuclear physics through the definition of a network of complementary facilities within Europe.
Throughout the years CRAF has become an active voice in Europe and engages with other groups of radio astronomers in discussions with international organisations that decide on the use of radio spectrum.
Dor Yeshorim () also called Committee for Prevention of Jewish Genetic Diseases, is a nonprofit organization that offers genetic screening to members of the Jewish community worldwide.
Its objective is to minimize, and eventually eliminate, the incidence of genetic disorders common to Jewish people, such as Tay–Sachs disease.
In both the Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish communities, there is an increased rate of a number of genetic disorders such as Tay–Sachs disease, an autosomal recessive disorder that goes unnoticed in carriers, but is fatal within the first few years of life in almost all homozygotes.
In a 2006 interview, Ekstein said that while four of his first five children died of Tay-Sachs disease, none of his children born subsequent to the founding of Dor Yeshorim suffered the condition.
The same interview quotes a New York neurologist who credits the near-total disappearance of the condition from the ultra-orthodox community due to Dor Yeshorim's involvement.
In 2016, Dor Yeshorim received media attention when a rap video of two schoolgirls beat-boxing about their marriage prospects was shared in the Orthodox Jewish community.
Dor Yeshorim screens only for recessive traits that give rise to lethal or severely debilitating disorders, providing prophylactic, rather than diagnostic services.
Individuals are tested during large sessions in Jewish schools and processed anonymously with only a PIN linking the sample with the candidate.
When both carry a gene for the same disorder, the risk of affected offspring is 25%, and it is considered advisable to discontinue the plans.
There has been criticism leveled against the method used by Dor Yeshorim by Moshe Dovid Tendler, a professor of medical ethics at Yeshiva University.
Dor Yeshorim has been criticised for withholding patient results, for declining to publish its financial records and for not testing anyone who has already been tested elsewhere, by Geoffrey Alderman, who says that Dor Yeshorim fails some fundamental tests itself.
In the elections of 2009, however, it saw a drop of 11 percentage points in support and lost all of its seats.
The party also ran in the Swedish 2006 parliamentary election, but it only received 0.47% of the votes, far below the 4% needed to get into parliament.
The party was formed in 2004, in the wake of the Swedish euro referendum held in September 2003, in which the adoption of the euro was rejected.
The party's co-founder is Nils Lundgren, a former member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and chief economist of the bank Nordea, who is sceptical of the euro.
Lundgren hoped to receive support from eurosceptical voters dissatisfied with their usual parties' positive attitudes towards the euro and further European integration.
Among the Swedish parties represented in parliament at the time, only the Left Party, Center Party the and the Green Party were eurosceptic, while the Social Democratic Party, the major left-wing party, and all right-wing parties with exception of the Center party were positive towards European integration.
Aiming at receiving support from this broad political spectrum, the board of the party contained people that had been previously active in both left- and right-wing parties.
The party takes its name from the June Movement in Denmark, which is a eurosceptic party named after the timing of the Danish referendum that rejected the Treaty of Maastricht.
The party succeeded in capturing 14% of the votes in the 2004 European Parliament election, thereby gaining three of the 19 Swedish seats.
The party's platform during the election focused on a few main issues: to increase the number of people working in the private sector, hence increasing the state's tax income, a referendum on the European Union constitution and nuclear power, and increased municipal autonomy and more local referendums.
All issues that were not in the party's relatively short party program were left to the approximately 100 candidates to decide on.
The voters were encouraged to choose to vote for a particular June List candidate that they preferred rather than to cast a general ballot for the party itself.
At one point it seemed possible that the party might be able to break the 4% threshold necessary to enter parliament, with the party reaching 4.5% in the polls in September 2005, but after that peak the party's support plummeted well below the 4% barrier and in the months before the election it became clear that the party would not be taking seats in parliament that year.
Swedish businessman Sven Hagströmer, one of the two men who gave his name to the Hagströmer & Qviberg group of companies, served on the board of the party.
The June List suffered a significant decline in its support at the 2009 election and lost all of its seats in the European parliament.
In the resulting battle of Empress Augusta Bay on the night of 1/2 November, the American ships sank one enemy light cruiser and a destroyer and damaged two heavy cruisers and two destroyers, while the four other enemy ships broke off the action and retired.
She was towed by to Port Purvis and then by to Espiritu Santo for temporary repairs, then sailed to Mare Island for permanent repairs, arriving on 2 January 1944.
Eight days later, she put to sea to screen carriers as they launched strikes to neutralize Japanese bases in the Bonins and Marianas during the invasion of the Marianas.
She bombarded Angaur Island from 12 to 18 September, then covered a task unit engaged in minesweeping, reconnaissance and underwater demolition operations before the landings on Ulithi on 23 September.
Continuing her service in Leyte Gulf, she fought off numerous attacks; during the one of 28 October, a bomb released from one of the planes she shot down exploded nearby causing minor damage and slight flooding.
She covered the landings on Zambales on 29–30 January, supported minesweeping near and landings on Grande Island; provided fire support at Nasugbu on 31 January; escorted a replenishment convoy to Mindoro from 1 to 7 February; covered the Army landings around Mariveles Bay from 13 to 16 February, rescuing the survivors of the destroyer ; and supported the operations on Palawan and Mindanao Islands from February to May.
She covered the pre-invasion work of minesweeping units and underwater demolition teams, and provided fire support for the invading troops until returning to San Pedro Bay, Leyte on 4 July for brief overhaul.
She sailed from Okinawa on 9 September to cover the evacuation of men of the Allied forces rescued from prison camps in the Wakayama area and covered the landing of occupation troops at Wakanoura Wan from 25 September to 20 October, when she sailed for home.
In April, she arrived at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, where she was placed out of commission in reserve on 7 February 1947.
Toothing was originally a hoax claim that Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones or PDAs were being used to arrange random sexual encounters, perpetrated as a prank on the media who reported it.
The creators started a forum in March 2004 where they wrote fake news articles about toothing with other members and then sent them off to well-known Internet-based news services.
Devised by Swedish telecommunication company Ericsson, Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances from mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and personal computers.
Originally, Bluetooth was only intended for wireless exchanging of files between these devices, but it was later discovered that it could also be used for sexual intentions.
Toothing was conceived as a merger of the two concepts dogging with bluejacking, both of which were frequently mentioned in the UK media around that time.
We wonder a lot of things, and rarely push them past concept, because we’re as collectively creative as we are frustratingly idle.
The pair of hoaxers wrote fake news articles on the forum about toothing and sent them off well-known Internet-based news services.
One of the hoaxers made an appearance on BBC Radio 5 Live, and a member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom reportedly declared his interest in toothing as a way of meeting women.
Since that day Jon - who claims to have had Toothing success five times - has set up a website dedicated to the practice but he admits it takes a degree of perseverance.
People signed up to the forums looking for good locations in their area to tooth, and to share their toothing stories with other members.
In some ways this is a tame way of picking people up, it's almost a natural follow up from randomly picking people's names out of the phone book.
Sue Peters of the Terrence Higgins Trust worried that anonymous sex made possible by toothing would cause an increase of sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia in the United Kingdom.
There were there 10 hides in demesne, 1 plough-team, 23 villeins, 5 bordars for whom there were 22 plough-teams, 2 serfs.
As the manor had been held by King Harold it was seized into the royal demesne by William the Conqueror and remained in use as a royal hunting park until 1149.
Early in March 1093 King William II (1087–1100) was at the royal manor of Alveston, possibly awaiting his passage across the River Severn to Wales via the Aust ferry.
He was immediately rushed to Gloucester Castle 25 miles to the north, near which the monks of Gloucester Abbey were relied upon to provide a medical cure.
It was believed the illness had been brought on as a result of the king's sinful behaviour and he determined to repent and make amends.
This illness contracted at Alveston thus resulted in the issuance of a charter which elaborated the king's coronation pledge, akin to a charter of liberties.
On 6 March he consented to appoint Anselm Abbot of Bec as Archbishop of Canterbury, which he had previously strongly opposed.
In 1149 it was granted by Henry Plantagenet, then heir to the throne of King Stephen (1135–1154) to Fulk I FitzWarin (died 1171), a powerful Marcher Lord from Shropshire.
In 1160 Fulk was in charge of arming and provisioning for King Henry II (1154–1189) Dover Castle, the second most important fortress in England after the Tower of London.
During the Barons' wars of the reign of King John (1199–1216) which led up to Magna Carta signed in 1215, Fulk II's son and heir Fulk III FitzWarin (died 1258) rebelled and the manor escheated to the crown and passed temporarily into the stewardship of Hugh de Nevill.
In 1204 Fulk III regained possession, but on 30 June 1216 King John ordered that Alveston should be seized once again from Fulk III FitzWarin.
On 15 January 1230 King Henry III granted the park of Alveston back to Fulk III FitzWarin, and Fulk is recorded as having incurred a debt of 300 marks for this grant As a royal favour the king pardoned Fulk 200 marks of this debt.
Clearly Fulk was then in royal favour as in June 1234 he received from the king a gift of 3 deer from the royal Forest of Cannock.
In September he received 2 bucks and 8 does from the royal Forest of Braden, near Purton, Wiltshire, to help him to stock his deer park at Alveston.
In 1236 Fulk was given another 6 does from Braden and 6 more does from the Forest of Selwood, again to help him stock his park at Alveston.
In 1249 Fulk III became involved in a lengthy legal dispute brought against him by Nicholas Poyntz, his near neighbour from Iron Acton who had accused Fulk of expelling him from the common pasture of Tockington, which adjoined Alveston manor.
Fulk IV FitzWarin fell at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, loyally supporting King Henry III in his struggle against the barons.
He was rescued from this unpleasant position by his warder's death at the Battle of Evesham following which King Henry III re-granted him in wardship to the Fitzwarin's long-time friend Hamo le Strange.
In 1273 Fulk V attained his majority of 21 years of age and gained possession of his father's lands including Alveston.
Jervard had taken entirely the whole march from Chester to Worcester, and he had disinherited all the barons of the march.
Sir Fulk, with the king's host, gave many fierce assaults to Jervard ; and in a battle near Hereford, at Wormeslow, made him fly and quit the field.
On 28 September 1309 Fulk V obtained royal licence to grant the manor of Alveston, which was held in-chief from the king, to Walter de Gloucester (died 1310) for life.
hereditable) and Walter's grandson, another Walter de Gloucester (died 1360) was still in possession of the manor of Alveston in 1340/1.
The trespass of obtaining a grant in fee without licence to alienate a tenancy-in-chief was pardoned on 28 July 1340 to Walter of Gloucester on payment of a fine.
Walter FitzWalter de Gloucester (died 1360) had married Petronilla (or Pernel), one of the three daughters of William Corbet (born c. 1280) of Chaddesley Corbett, Worcs., and Siston, Gloucestershire.
Peter Corbet (died 1362) was the next younger brother and heir of William Corbet (who presumably was dead by then and unlike his brother had no male offspring) and was therefore Petronilla's uncle.
Peter de Gloucester died childless before 1370, as is apparent from the fact that the settlement made by his father had taken effect by then in granting the de Gloucester lands, including Alveston, to John Corbet (died 1370), the grandson and heir of Sir Peter Corbet (died 1362).
John Corbet had outlived his father William who had a short life, but himself died aged only 17, leaving his triplet William Corbet (1353–1378) his heir, who in turn also died young in 1378 aged only 25.
The young William Corbet had become a merchant dealing in the wool-trade as on his death he owed the very great sum of £320 for merchandise received to the Bristol merchant and clothier John Canynges (died 1405), father of the great Bristol merchant William II Canynges (died 1474).
This sum had been incurred before 1375, as a record from that year of Extent for Debts heard before Walter Frampton, Mayor of the Staple of Bristol reveals, and represented several multiples of the annual value of the revenue from all the Corbet family's Gloucestershire manors, and clearly placed the inheritance in a precarious position.
Young William's own heir was his sister Margaret Corbet (died 1398), who brought the Corbet manors to her husband William Wyriott (died 1379) from Pembrokeshire.
Wyriott died before the couple had produced any offspring and Margaret married secondly Sir Gilbert Denys (died 1422) from Waterton in the lordship of Coity, Glamorgan.
Thus the manors of Alveston, Earthcott Green and Siston together with Langley Hundred entered into the possession of the Denys family.
The widow Alice de Gloucester remarried to Alan Eckylsale and the couple remitted all their rights in her 1/3 dower in Alveston in consideration of 100 marks paid by Gilbert Denys and Margaret.
In the 19th century, the village of Alveston was centred on Church Farm, on the lane leading from Rudgeway to Iron Acton.
The main road to Gloucester originally passed the Ship Inn, before turning east to join the current line of the A38 trunk road.
The school was founded in 1606 as Thornbury's grammar school , but relocated to its present site in 1972 when it became comprehensive.
The ruins of Alveston Old Church of St Helens is situated in Rudgeway, south of the modern village of Alveston, along the A38.
The separate parish of Alveston was not formed until 1846, before which time Alveston manor was within the parish of Olveston.
Following the development and growth of the modern village of Alveston some distance away from the manor house and the Church of St. Helen next door to it, it was determined by the village authorities to build a new church, again dedicated to St Helen, nearer to the new village.
It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area.
The town has () a population of and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA).
It was founded by the Romans between 50 and 44 BC under the name of Colonia Iulia Equestris or Colonia Equestris Noiodunum, the urban center of which was called Noviodunum.
It grew to be one of the most important Roman colonies in modern-day Switzerland, with a forum, a basilica and an amphitheater that was discovered only recently, in 1996, when digging for the construction of a new building.
Noviodunum was part of a loose network of settlements that radiated out from Lugdunum (modern Lyon, France) and helped to control the Rhone Valley.
It served, along with other Roman colonies in the area, to control the Helvetii who were settled in the area against their will after their defeat at the Battle of Bibracte in 58 BC.
A market building (macellum) with a central courtyard around which were the sales rooms, and the baths (tepidarium with geometric shapes and mosaics) were renovated.
Some villa suburbana stood in the west of the village, while the artisan and merchant quarter, presumably, developed in the southwest.
After a long period of peace and prosperity, signs of crisis and general insecurity were increasing in the early 3rd century.
As a result of Alamanni invasions of 259 or 260 AD, the forum and the public buildings in the city were razed.
The stones were re-used as building material, especially in Geneva, where about 300 were used in the construction of the wall.
Geneva became the center and seat of the diocese which initially fought to administer the territory that had been part of the Colonia.
In 1279, Aymon of Prangins unsuccessfully rebelled against the counts of Savoy, but was forced to acknowledge Savoy authority over him and Nyon.
Around the same time, the square César Tower or Tour de Rive (now a residence), was built to defend the city.
In 1293, Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, and his brother Louis I, Baron of Vaud, conquered the city by besieging it from both the land and the lake.
They confirmed the town rights which had been granted to Nyon by Aymon of Prangins, and extended further rights and freedoms.
In 1294, Louis I began to expand Nyon as a center of his power after Amadeus granted his share of the conquest to Louis.
The last prior, before the Reformation in 1535 was Aymon de Gingins, who was also the abbot of Bonmont and the selected Bishop of Geneva.
In 1295–96, Louis I, Duke of Savoy, built a Franciscan monastery under the patronage of St. Francis, in which several members of the House of Savoy were buried.
Until the Reformation it was a popular pilgrimage site where the relics of the martyrs of the Theban Legion were revered.
Over the following centuries, trade through Nyon remained very profitable and by 1772–73, it was again the highest in the region.
It was followed by the Jacob Dortu and Ferdinand Müller porcelain factory in 1781, both of which contributed Nyon's reputation for fine ceramics.
Following the suppression of the monasteries, in 1539, the town hospital moved into the offices of the Augustinian convent and received money from the closed monasteries.
A few days later, they secured the support of the French General Philippe Ménard Romain in support of the independence of Canton Vaud.
When this proclamation of support was brought from Nyon to Lausanne, on 24 January 1798, it finally led to the Vaudois revolution.
In the first half of the 19th century, the city continued with the demolition of the fortifications, but left wall remains at the Promenade des Marronniers and by the tower of Notre Dame.
To meet the needs of the economy, the shipping industry and the emerging tourism industry, a port was built in 1838 and a quay was added in 1873.
By the middle of the 19th century, a major source of income was the sale of timber from the commons forest.
Other industries included tanneries (closed in 1925), carpentry, saw mills (until 1935), mills (including Andre & Cie.), cooperages and a soap factory.
The porcelain factory, Müller et Dortu temporarily closed in 1813, then resumed production of ceramics in the Art Nouveau style in 1878.
Other industries in Nyon include the pasta factory Sangal SA (1860–1996), Zyma (1906, since 1996, Swiss Novartis Consumer Health), Stellram (hard metal treatment, 1940–99), Cherix et Filanosa SA (printing and graphic arts, 1932) and several tool factories.
Starting in 1966, the companies stopped using the local locks and dams for hydropower and by 1974 they had disappeared from the Asse river.
It has a high school (Gymnase de Nyon, known as CESSOuest until 1997 or 1998), a modern hospital, a movie theater, numerous hotels, restaurants, cafes, etc.
The town is best known on the international stage as the home of the headquarters for UEFA, the governing body for football in Europe.
In the last week of July each year, Nyon hosts the Paléo Festival, the second largest outdoor festival in Europe (although technically the festival is in the village of L'Asse).
Nyon Rugby Club is one of the top rugby teams in Switzerland and is twinned with Ealing Rugby Club in West London.
Nyon has been the regular host of the draws of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League as well as other UEFA Football competitions.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 5.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 27.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 14.1%.
Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.1% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.6%.
Out of the forested land, 5.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 25.9% is used for growing crops and 4.7% is pastures, while 8.5% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality was the capital of the old Nyon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Nyon became the capital of the new district of Nyon.
The old core of Nyon, on the right bank of the Asse, is divided into the upper city (which was built on the Roman ruins on a hill) and the lower city along the water.
Along the main thoroughfare a residential section developed to the east of the old city, and an industrial sector to the west.
It has changed at a rate of 9.7% due to migration and at a rate of 7.7% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speak French (12,274 or 75.8%), with German being second most common (918 or 5.7%) and English being third (647 or 4.0%).
The age distribution, , in Nyon is; 2,015 children or 11.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,828 teenagers or 10.1% are between 10 and 19.
3,150 people or 17.4% are between 30 and 39, 3,051 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 2,187 people or 12.1% are between 50 and 59.
The senior population distribution is 1,757 people or 9.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,045 people or 5.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 595 people or 3.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 130 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.
Out of a total of 7,450 households that answered this question, 37.8% were households made up of just one person and there were 27 adults who lived with their parents.
There were 131 households that were made up of unrelated people and 143 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
, a total of 7,072 apartments (86.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,028 apartments (12.5%) were seasonally occupied and 105 apartments (1.3%) were empty.
There were 8,631 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.0% of the workforce.
About 12.1% of the workforce coming into Nyon are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.
Of the rest of the population, there were 174 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.08% of the population), there were 17 individuals (or about 0.11% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 936 individuals (or about 5.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.
There were 32 individuals (or about 0.20% of the population) who were Jewish, and 750 (or about 4.63% of the population) who were Islamic.
2,893 (or about 17.88% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 996 individuals (or about 6.15% of the population) did not answer the question.
Of the 3,009 who completed tertiary schooling, 36.4% were Swiss men, 27.4% were Swiss women, 20.4% were non-Swiss men and 15.7% were non-Swiss women.
During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 1,249 children of which 563 children (45.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
There was a combined total () of 53,262 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 117,481 items were loaned out.
Nyon Rugby Club is one of the most successful rugby teams in Switzerland, regularly ending top of their leagues in both the first and second teams leagues, they also have a third team, youth, ladies and veterans side and also are based at the Colovray Centre.
Nyon is famous for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA).
The two main Nyon draws, which take place in December for the Round of 16 and April for the semi-finals, are eagerly anticipated by football fans whose teams are in UEFA competitions.
Nyon is the starting station for the Nyon–St-Cergue–Morez Railway, as well as being on the main Geneva to Lausanne Swiss Federal Railways line.
The Canada First movement was a Canadian nationalist movement organized in 1868 that promoted the British Protestant component as central to Canadian identity.
John Christian Schultz, Canadian Party founder, became a leading member of the Canadian Party and was a chief opponent of Louis Riel.
The execution of Thomas Scott during the 1870 Red River Rebellion was a major catalyst in the formation of the Canada First movement.
Upon their return to Ontario the two men were featured prominently in a massive Toronto protest organized by the Canada Firsters.
Tapping into Orange Protestant outrage over the killing of Scott the movement's leaders stressed the theme of national betrayal at the hands of the Red River rebels and Louis Riel.
On the occasion of an 1874 by-election in the Federal district of West Toronto the Canada First movement became an official political party known as the Canadian National Association.
Wanting a greater voice and autonomy for Canada in conducting its own foreign policy the movement heralded the Imperial Federation movement.
Although the party counted among its early supporters former Ontario Premier and prominent Liberal Edward Blake, Blake's decision to accept a position in Alexander Mackenzie's government in 1875 led to the party's quick collapse.
The United Services Automobile Association (USAA) is a San Antonio-based Fortune 500 diversified financial services group of companies including a Texas Department of Insurance-regulated reciprocal inter-insurance exchange and subsidiaries offering banking, investing, and insurance to people and families who serve, or served, in the United States Armed Forces.
USAA was founded in 1922 in San Antonio by a group of 25 U.S. Army officers as a mechanism for mutual self-insurance when they were unable to secure auto insurance because of the perception that they, as military officers, were a high-risk group.
USAA has since expanded to offer banking and insurance services to past and present members of the Armed Forces, officers and enlisted, and their families.
In 1924, the name was changed to United Services Automobile Association, when commissioned officers of other U.S. military services became eligible for membership.
The company was formed based on a meeting of twenty-five United States Army Officers on June 20, 1922, at the Gunter Hotel to discuss the procurement of reliable and economical auto insurance.
USAA is a pioneer of the concept of direct marketing; most of its business is conducted over the Internet or telephone using employees instead of agents.
The organization started offering homeowner's and life insurance in the 1960s, and brokerage and investment management services in the 1970s, and banking services in the 1980s.
USAA offers a range of personal property and casualty (P&C) insurance, including automobile insurance, homeowner insurance, renters' insurance, as well as umbrella and personal property insurance.
USAA's life insurance policies, while not completely unique in the industry, are different from most offerings since they do not include a war-exclusion clause.
According to USAA's 2015 Annual Report to Members, USAA held over $62.549 billion in deposits with more than 6.3 million accounts.
Other cities, however, hold financial centers, often near military bases, which provide advice and assistance in obtaining services of any kind offered by USAA, in addition to opening those accounts online.
USAA Federal Savings Bank provides members with the ability to deposit checks to their accounts using mobile applications on the Apple iPhone and iPad, mobile devices with Google's Android operating system, and Microsoft's Windows Phone.
USAA's mission statement indicates its focus to serve its niche market, which consists of members of the U.S. military and their immediate families.
USAA membership is offered to officers and enlisted personnel, including those on active duty, those in the National Guard and Reserve, Officer candidates in commissioning programs (Academy, ROTC, OCS/OTS) and all those who have served in the aforementioned categories and who have retired or have been discharged honorably.
Children of USAA members are also eligible to purchase USAA's P&C insurance products, and former members of USAA are allowed to resume membership at any time (without an age limit).
USAA has, in the past, published a list of other eligible persons including special agents of the FBI and Secret Service, agents of the various military investigative services (NCIS, OSI, CI and CID), U.S. Foreign Service Officers, and officers from a variety of other smaller agencies.
So, people working for certain non-military agencies that were accommodated in the past may find that they are no longer eligible.
Historically, only U.S. military officers (among certain other federally sworn officers) were eligible to join USAA, with descendants of USAA members able to purchase insurance from USAA-CIC.
In 1973, membership was opened to members of the National Guard and Reserves, and in 1996, eligibility was expanded to enlisted members of the armed services.
As the number of persons who have served on active duty in an enlisted status in the U.S. Armed Forces is quite large, USAA chose to limit the establishment of eligibility to those who were currently on active duty or who had recently separated.
In November 2009, USAA expanded eligibility requirements to offer coverage to anyone who has ever served honorably in the US Military.
One of the characteristics that allows USAA to operate differently than most other Fortune 500 companies is that it is not a corporation.
This insurance exchange is made up of current and former military officers and NCOs who have taken out P&C policies with USAA; thus they simultaneously are insured by each other and, as a group, own USAA's assets.
Normally, in the event of a catastrophe threatening the solvency of the exchange, each member could be held completely responsible for all the losses of all the other members.
However, the Texas Insurance Code added a provision (Section 942.152) which stipulates that an inter-insurance exchange can, by agreement of the subscribers, limit member liability only to the premiums or premium deposits that the subscribers have paid to USAA.
It is uncommon for a U.S.-based insurance company to provide international P&C coverage, but USAA does so because so many military families are stationed out-of-country.
Late in the calendar year a portion of the member's Subscriber's Account is distributed to the member via checks or electronic funds transfer.
The entirety of the Subscriber's Account belongs to the member, but is not completely distributed until approximately 6 months after the member no longer has a USAA P&C policy.
Those not eligible to join USAA but who are eligible to purchase insurance from USAA's subsidiaries, such as USAA-CIC, may receive dividends as declared by USAA.
), USAA's board of directors named Stuart Parker CEO-elect in August 2014 to succeed former CEO Joe Robles after his retirement in February 2015.
It was under Herres that USAA expanded its services to enlisted members of the military and developed Internet based financial services.
Following General Herres as CEO was Robert G. Davis, a former Army officer who came to USAA with experience in a variety of financial services companies.
Davis is said to have changed the culture at USAA; during his time at USAA, membership, assets and net worth grew significantly, and customer satisfaction declined precipitously.
Davis had indicated to USAA employees that he intended to continue to lead USAA until 2010; however, he retired in December 2007.
USAA President and CEO Stuart Parker will retire on Feb.1, 2020, and USAA has chosen his replacement from within: Wayne Peacock, the company's president of property and casualty insurance.
Besides its headquarters in San Antonio, USAA has a second major office in Phoenix, Arizona, and other operations in Colorado Springs, Colorado; Chesapeake, Virginia; Tampa, Florida; Highland Falls, New York; London, England; Frankfurt, Germany; and Plano, Texas.
In addition the battery time can be increased by turning off the GPS and vibra call alert, and by turning down the backlight of the display.
Testing has revealed that using the phone in 2G network will provide 3-4 times the standby time than using it in 3G networks.
The screen size of the e616 is 176x240 pixels, but the wallpaper should be restricted to 176x200 pixels to allow for the status bar at the top and the menu bar at the bottom of the screen.
Thailand's National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) is a statutory government organization under the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation.
Its main responsibilities are to undertake, support, and promote the development of electronic, computing, telecommunication, and information technologies through research and development activities.
NECTEC also disseminates and transfers such technologies for contribution to the economic growth and social development in the country, following the National Economic and Social Development Plan.
It was converted into a national centre specializing in electronics hardware and software in under National Science and Technology Development Agency.
The district covered a much larger area than the committee area, and included what are now the committee areas of Buchan, which, despite its name, is not part of the committee area of Banff and Buchan, and Formartine.
This region manifests prehistory by the ancient monument at Longman Hill, a large long barrow somewhat to the southeast of Macduff, as well as Cairn Lee somewhat to the west of Longman Hill.
Banff and Buchan was formerly a local government district in the Grampian region, created in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973.
It combined, from the former county of Banff, a Banff area (including the burgh of Banff), the burghs of Aberchirder, Macduff and Portsoy, and Aberchirder and Fordyce areas, and, from the former county of Aberdeen, the burghs of Fraserburgh, Peterhead, Rosehearty and Turriff, and Cruden and Deer Turriff areas.
In 1996, the Banff and Buchan district was merged into the Aberdeenshire unitary council area, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.
The former district was divided between the three committee areas of Banff and Buchan, Buchan (the area around Peterhead) and Formartine (the area around Ellon and Turriff).
The name is also used for the Banff and Buchan (Westminster) constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster).
This seat has been held since 2017 by David Duiguid of the Conservative Party who gained it from Dr Eilidh Whiteford of the Scottish National Party.
The building was formally opened in June 2005 by the Chairman of Barclays, Matthew Barrett, and merged Barclays offices across London into one building.
Designed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the building is constructed around four staircase columns with a large, central column containing the lifts and toilet facilities.
The building manual states that there is enough room in these columns to contain everyone who works in the building, in the event of a security alert.
The building was planned to be 50 storeys in height, but was scaled down to 31 after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
The Mk 19 grenade launcher (pronounced Mark 19) is an American 40 mm belt-fed automatic grenade launcher that was first developed during the Vietnam War.
The first model (Mod 0) in 1966 was determined to be unreliable and unsafe, but a total of six Mod 1 launchers were successfully tested on U.S. Navy riverine patrol craft in the Mekong Delta in 1972.
It fires 40 mm grenades at a cyclic rate of 325 to 375 rounds per minute, giving a practical rate of fire of 60 rounds per minute (rapid) and 40 rounds per minute (sustained).
The weapon operates on the blowback principle, which uses the chamber pressure from each fired round to load and re-cock the weapon.
The Mk 19 can launch its grenade at a maximum distance of , though its effective range to a point target is about , since the large rear leaf sight is only graduated as far.
Though the Mk 19 has a flash suppressor, it serves only to save the eyesight of its operator, not concealing the weapon's position.
The Mk 19A is a man-portable crew-served weapon that can fire from a tripod-mounted position or from a vehicle mount, with the latter being the preferred method, as the weapon alone weighs .
On impact, the grenade can kill anyone within a radius of five meters, and wound them within a radius of 15 meters.
It can also punch through of rolled homogeneous armor with a direct hit (0-degree obliquity), which means it can penetrate most infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers.
Due to its low recoil and comparatively light weight, it has been adapted for use on many different platforms, including small attack boats, fast attack vehicles such as the Humvee (HMMWV), AAV and Stryker, military jeeps, and a large variety of naval mounts.
The M203 ammunition develops a lower chamber pressure, and resultant lower muzzle velocity and range, compared to ammunition loaded for the Mk 19.
The recoil blows back the bolt, feeds a new round onto the bolt face, which pushes the expended casing off the bolt face.
Production of the Mk 19 is managed by Saco Defense Industries (now a division of General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems).
In November 2014, General Dynamics entered into an agreement with Advanced Material Engineering Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of Singapore Technologies Kinetics, to manufacture 40 mm high-velocity airburst ammunition for the U.S. military.
The 40 mm airburst grenade uses a programmable, time-based fuse that computes and programs the detonation time into it, which counts down once fired to zero to detonate at the intended target point.
The airburst ammunition is compatible with the Mk 19, which would give it greater effectiveness and lethality, particularly against concealed and defilade targets.
The U.S. Army plans to introduce several new features to the Mk 19 in an upgrade package that could be introduced by late 2017.
The University of Nottingham Medical School at Derby was opened in September 2003 by Dr John Reid, then Secretary of State for Health.
It is part of the University of Nottingham and is located in the nearby city of Derby in the East Midlands of England.
It offers a four-year Graduate Entry Medical (GEM) course (initially for 90 students) as well as a 3-year Undergraduate Medical Physiology and Therapeutics degree (available as a 4-year foundation degree) as well.
The medical school is attached to the Royal Derby Hospital and houses a lecture theatre, anatomy suite and clinical skills teaching facility.
He remains the only person to have been a Member of the House of Keys (MHK), although several ex-members have gone on to become MHKs, such as Treasury Minister Allan Bell, Phil Gawne and Hazel Hannan.
Peter Craine subsequently left the party, joining the short-lived breakaway Manx National Party which was formed in 1977 and disbanded in 1981.
Mec Vannin also has a strong environmentalist policy, being opposed to overuse of fossil fuels, and they support further decentralisation of power within the island, to local councils.
Rear Admiral Souers was appointed as the first Director of Central Intelligence on January 23, 1946 by President Harry S. Truman, where he would be in charge of the new Central Intelligence Group (CIG).
Prior to this, as Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence, Souers had been one of the architects of the system that came into being with the President's directive.
Toward the end of 1945, when the competing plans for a national intelligence system were deadlocked, Souers' views had come to the attention of the President, and he seems to have played a role in breaking the impasse.
Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, most notably the Silk Road.
Other significant urban caravanserais were built along the Grand Trunk Road in the Indian subcontinent, especially in the region of Mughal Delhi and Bengal Subah.
Guards were stationed at every gate to ensure that taxes for these goods be paid in full, while the revenues therefrom accruing to the Fatimid kingdom of Egypt.
Most typically a caravanserai was a building with a square or rectangular walled exterior, with a single portal wide enough to permit large or heavily laden beasts such as camels to enter.
The courtyard was almost always open to the sky, and the inside walls of the enclosure were outfitted with a number of identical animal stalls, bays, niches or chambers to accommodate merchants and their servants, animals, and merchandise.
Multani Caravanserai, which was established in the 14th century in Azerbaijan and now houses a restaurant, was constructed in a square shape.
The first quarter of the shield showed three gold boars' heads on a blue ground, the arms of the Gordon family, from whom the district's name was derived.
The third quarter was based on the arms of the burgh of Oldmeldrum and the fourth on those of the burgh of Ellon.
Above the arms was a coronet consisting of a gold circlet topped by thistle-heads: a design reserved by Lord Lyon for the arms of district councils.
Member institutions are located in the midwestern United States in the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, and Ohio, with affiliate members in Minnesota and Iowa.
Conference schools sponsoring football joined with members of the Heartland Football Conference to form the Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference (MIFC), which began play in 1990.
University of Findlay, Hillsdale College, Lake Erie College, Ohio Dominican University, & Walsh University left the GLIAC for the Great Midwest Athletic Conference.
This region is rich in prehistory with numerous megalithic sites, notable in the earliest period of recorded history with several significant Roman sites.
The Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (Abrv: MDES; , ), formerly known as the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT), , is a cabinet ministry of Thailand.
The new ministry was created as the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society by the Re-organization of Ministry, Bureau and Department Act, B.E.
In September 2016, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) was dissolved and replaced by the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society.
MICT's former agencies, the National Statistical Office of Thailand, the Thai Meteorological Department, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency, Thailand Post, TOT, and CAT Telecom, are to be transferred to the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society.
MICT's Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA) was dissolved and some of its staff transferred to a newly established unit, the Digital Economy Promotion Agency under MDES.
Each ministry is headed by a minister of state (, ) and, depending on the prime minister, several deputy ministers ( .
In 1875, he issued a royal decree to bring about this reform, dividing and creating many departments, and thereby preventing the archaic system from collapsing.
After the 1932 Revolution, most of the ministries were retained by the Khana Ratsadon, however from then on the ministers were chosen by the prime minister and not the king.
Anticipating the defeat of Germany and Japan, they had already set up the European Advisory Commission and a proposed Far Eastern Advisory Commission to make recommendations for the post war period.
Accordingly, they managed their control of the defeated countries through Allied Commissions, often referred to as Allied Control Commissions (ACC), consisting of representatives of the major Allies.
Under the provisions of Article 37 in the Armistice with Italy Instrument of Surrender, September 29, 1943, the Control Commission for Italy was established on November 10, 1943, and was dismantled following the conclusion of the Italian Peace Treaty at the Paris Peace Conference in 1947.
In line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement two Romanian People's Tribunals were set up to try suspected war criminals.
The Commission, placed under the nominal leadership of Soviet general Rodion Malinovsky (represented by Vladislav Petrovich Vinogradov) and was dominated by Red Army leaders.
Soviet occupation forces remained in Romania until 1958 and the country became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, joining the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
Immediately after its inception, the commission required Finland to take more vigorous action to intern the German forces in Northern Finland.
The ACC also strove to change the Finnish political life by requiring a number of allegedly fascist (in practice anti-Soviet) organizations to be banned, among them the Civil Guard.
After the war, the Finnish military placed part of the weapons of the demobilized troops into several hundred caches distributed around the country.
When the matter was leaked to the public, the commission required Finnish authorities to investigate and prosecute the officers and men responsible for the caching.
The United States representatives on the Commission for Bulgaria were Major general John A. Crane (October 28, 1944 – March 1, 1946) and Major general Walter M. Robertson (March 1, 1946 – September 10, 1947).
The United States representatives on the Commission for Hungary were Major general William S. Key (January 20, 1945 - July 4, 1946) and Brigadier general George H. Weems (July 5, 1946 – September 15, 1947).
The ACC was established by agreement of June 5, 1945, supplemented by agreement of September 20 of that same year, with its seat in Berlin.
The French had been excluded (at American insistence) from the Potsdam Conference and consequently refused to recognise any obligation for the ACC to be constrained by the Potsdam agreement.
In particular, they resisted all proposals to establish common policies and institutions across Germany as a whole, and anything that they feared might lead to the emergence of an eventual unified German government.
Until 1971, the ACC did not meet again, and the stage was set for the partition of Germany into two states.
After the breakdown of the ACC, the British, French and United States of America occupation zones and the British, French and United States of America sectors in Berlin were governed by the Allied High Commission with membership from Britain, France, and the United States, whilst the Soviet Zone and Soviet sector of Berlin were governed by the Chairman of the Soviet Control Commission, later the Soviet High Commissioner.
During the talks for unification of Germany in late 1989, it was decided to convene the ACC again as a forum for solving the issue of Allied rights and privileges in Germany.
The disbanding of the ACC was officially announced by the Two Plus Four Agreement of September 12, 1990, effective as of March 15, 1991.
The creation of an Allied Commission for Austria was envisaged by Allied leaders at the various sessions of the European Advisory Commission in 1944.
The Soviet authorities in Vienna decided to establish a new Austrian government without prior consultation with the other Allied leaders, and on April 27, the Austrian socialist leader Karl Renner formed a government in Vienna.
The British, US and French governments refused at first to recognize the Renner government, and in order to undermine the Soviet move decided to start right away with the proceedings to establish a joint commission for Austria.
However, the Soviet government withheld permission for Allied representatives to enter Vienna during late April to early May, arguing that agreement on partition of Vienna into four occupation zones must be done prior to the arrival of any other troops thereto.
As a result, it was only on June 4 that a delegation of US, British and French generals was able to arrive at Vienna to survey conditions in the area.
However, not much progress was made throughout June, as the Soviet authorities restricted the movement of the western Allies in and around Vienna.
Throughout June, negotiations for agreement on division of Austria into occupation zones were held in London within the European Advisory Commission, and the agreement was concluded on July 4, 1945, subject to further approval.
On June 27, 1945, shortly prior to the formation of the Allied Commission for Austria, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff issued an ordinance authorizing General Mark W. Clark as Commander in Chief of US Forces of Occupation in Austria.
As such you will serve as United States member of the Allied Council of the Allied Commission for Austria and will also be responsible for the administration of military government in the zone or zones assigned to the United States for purposes of occupation and administration.
The Allied Commission for Austria was established by the Agreement on control machinery in Austria, signed in the European Advisory Commission in London on July 4, 1945.
It entered into force on July 24, 1945, on the day that the United States gave notification of approval, the last of the four powers to do so.
A separate agreement for the division of the city of Vienna into four occupation zones was concluded on July 9, 1945.
This agreement was approved by the British government on July 12, the French government on July 16, the Soviet government on July 21 and the US government on July 24.
Vienna, being the capital, was similarly divided but at its centre was an International Zone, sovereignty of which alternated at regular intervals between the 4 Powers.
A problem faced by the commission was the issue of the provisional government under Karl Renner, which was established unilaterally by the Soviet government in early May 1945.
The Council decided on the reestablishment of a free press in the whole of Austria subject only to conditions of military security.
They also decided that effective December 1 the wearing of military uniforms unless dyed a color other than grey or khaki is forbidden to former personnel of the German Army and to Austrian civilians.
It was agreed at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers, and made public in communique issued at the end of the conference on December 27, 1945, that the Far Eastern Advisory Commission (FEAC) would become the Far Eastern Commission (FEC), it would be based in Washington, and would oversee the Allied Council for Japan.
In a mirror image of those Axis countries, like Hungary, which fell to the Soviet Union and were occupied by the Red Army alone, Japan having fallen to the United States and occupied by the U.S. Army, the United States was given the dominant position on the Tokyo-based Allied Council for Japan.
As agreed in the communique the FEC and the Allied Council were dismantled following the Treaty of San Francisco on September 8, 1951.
John Robert Walmsley Stott (27 April 1921 – 27 July 2011) was an English Anglican priest and theologian who was noted as a leader of the worldwide evangelical movement.
His father was a leading physician at Harley Street and an agnostic, while his mother had been raised Lutheran and attended the nearby Church of England church, All Souls, Langham Place.
Stott was mentored by Nash, who wrote a weekly letter to him, advising him on how to develop and grow in his Christian life, as well as practicalities such as leading the Christian Union at his school.
At university, he was active in the Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, where the executive committee considered him too invaluable a person to be asked to commit his time by joining the committee.
Stott was ordained as a deacon in 1945 and became a curate at All Souls Church, Langham Place (1945–1950), then rector (1950–1975).
This was the church in which he had grown up and where he spent almost his whole life apart from a few years spent in Cambridge.
While in this position he became increasingly influential on a national and international basis, most notably being a key player in the 1966–1967 dispute about the appropriateness of evangelicals remaining in the Church of England.
In 1970, in response to increasing demands on his time from outside the All Souls congregation, he appointed a vicar of All Souls, to enable himself to work on other projects.
In 1975 Stott resigned as rector and Michael Baughen, was appointed in his place; Stott remained at the church and was appointed rector emeritus.
In 1974 he founded Langham Partnership International (known as John Stott Ministries in the US until 2012), and in 1982 the London Institute for Contemporary Christianity, of which he remained honorary president until his death.
During his presidency he gathered together leading evangelical intellectuals to shape courses and programmes communicating the Christian faith into a secular context.
He took up residence in the College of St Barnabas, Lingfield, Surrey, a retirement community for Anglican clergy but remained as Rector Emeritus of All Souls Church.
He was surrounded by family and close friends and they were reading the Bible and listening to Handel's Messiah when he peacefully died.
Memorial services for Stott were held at St Paul's Cathedral, London; Holy Trinity Cathedral, Auckland, New Zealand; St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney, Australia; College Church, Wheaton, Illinois, United States; Anglican Network Church of the Good Shepherd, Vancouver, Canada; St. Paul's Bloor Street, Toronto, Canada; as well as in cities across Africa, Asia and Latin America.
He wrote over 50 books, some of which appear only in Chinese, Korean, or Spanish, as well as many articles and papers.
An introduction to his thought can be found in his two final substantial publications, which act as a summation of his thinking.
Stott played a key role as a leader of evangelicalism within the Church of England, and was regarded as instrumental in persuading evangelicals to play an active role in the Church of England rather than leaving for exclusively evangelical denominations.
This view was motivated by a belief that true Christian fellowship requires evangelical views on central topics such as the atonement and the inspiration of Scripture.
The two leaders publicly disagreed, as Stott, though not scheduled as a speaker that evening, used his role as chairman to refute Lloyd-Jones, saying that his opinion went against history and the Bible.
At this conference, largely due to Stott's influence, evangelical Anglicans committed themselves to full participation in the Church of England, rejecting the separationist approach proposed by Lloyd-Jones.
Although there is an ongoing debate as to the exact nature of Lloyd-Jones's views, they undoubtedly caused the two groupings to adopt diametrically opposed positions.
He received a Lambeth Doctorate of Divinity in 1983, as well as five honorary degrees, including doctorates from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (1971), Wycliffe College, Toronto (1993), and Brunel University (1997).
Stott tentatively held to annihilationism, which is the view that the final state of the unsaved, known as hell, is death and destruction, rather than everlasting conscious torment.
This led to a heated debate within mainstream evangelical Christianity: some writers criticised Stott in very strong terms while others supported his views.
At the 2001 election for the House of Keys, the Labour Party polled 17.3% of the vote and won 2 seats.
At the 2006 election for the House of Keys, the newly formed Liberal Vannin Party won 2 seats: Onchan with Peter Karran and Douglas South with Bill Malarky.
The Isle of Man Green Party was officially formed in August 2016 but chose not to endorse any candidates for the September 2016 general election.
Jason Edward Mewes (born June 12, 1974) is an American television and film actor, film producer and internet radio show host.
He is best known for playing Jay, the vocal half of the duo Jay and Silent Bob, in longtime friend Kevin Smith’s films.
Although this exposure to drugs at first served to make him averse to them, he eventually began using them after graduating from high school.
Kevin Smith entered Mewes into the first of a series of drug rehabilitation clinics in 1997 after noticing Mewes would randomly fall asleep, which he initially attributed to narcolepsy.
In another attempt to get clean, Mewes moved in with his mother, who gave him OxyContin to ease the withdrawal symptoms.
Smith had taken Mewes in to live with him and his wife, Jennifer Schwalbach Smith, but evicted him after catching him using drugs again.
Smith had Mewes check into various rehab facilities, including Promises in Malibu, where his visit coincided with frequent costar Ben Affleck's stay for alcoholism.
Mewes continued to use drugs, and has related that he decided to turn himself in and get help after waking up on Christmas morning in 2002 to find that he had started a fire after falling asleep near a lit candle while on heroin.
Estranged from Smith, Mewes returned to New Jersey, and on April 1, 2003, he surrendered himself at a Freehold, New Jersey, court and pleaded guilty to probation violation charges.
Badenoch and Strathspey is a local government ward of the Highland council area and a ward management area of the Highland Council in Scotland.
It was previously one of eight districts of the two-tier Highland region, 1975 to 1996, and one of eight management areas of the Highland Council, 1996 to 2007.
The district was created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 as one of the eight districts of the Highland region.
The same legislation abolished counties and burghs as local government areas, and the Badenoch and Strathspey district was formed by combining the areas of (in the county of Inverness) the burgh of Kingussie and the district of Badenoch with (in the county of Moray) the burgh of Grantown-on-Spey and the district of Cromdale.
In 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, the Highland Region became the Highland Council Area and the districts were abolished.
The Highland Council (in law a new and different entity), as the successor authority, then adopted the areas of the former districts as management areas and created area committees to represent them.
The new wards are much larger, each electing three or four councillors by the single transferable vote system; Badenoch and Strathspey is now a single ward, electing four of the council's 80 members, and a ward management area within the council's new Inverness, Nairn and Badenoch and Strathspey corporate management area.
It consists of nine of the 22 wards of the council area, and the nine wards elect 34 of the council's members.
According to the 2006 Census of Canada, the population of English-speaking Canadians is between 17,882,775 and 24,423,375, finding the population outside of this designation to be 23,805,130 individuals.
Estimates of Canadians with origins described as English is estimated to be about six million; a precise number is difficult to estimate for several reasons.
French, Irish, English, and Scottish), making it possible that the number is much higher than the nearly 6 million who reported as having English origins.
On the other hand, historically, there have also been numerous Canadians who have hidden their true ancestry for different political reasons to join the dominant English group, such as to avoid discrimination, as seems to have been the case of the reported German-origin population, which dropped by nearly half after the First World War with a commensurate rise in reports of English origins.
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) is the genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation (as a form of embryo profiling), and sometimes even of oocytes prior to fertilization.
When used to screen for a specific genetic disease, its main advantage is that it avoids selective abortion, as the method makes it highly likely that the baby will be free of the disease under consideration.
PGD thus is an adjunct to assisted reproductive technology, and requires in vitro fertilization (IVF) to obtain oocytes or embryos for evaluation.
The latter technique has proved to be less deleterious for the embryo, therefore it is advisable to perform the biopsy around day 5 or 6 of development.
Female embryos were selectively transferred in five couples at risk of X-linked disease, resulting in two twins and one singleton pregnancy.
The term preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) refers to the set of techniques for testing whether embryos (obtained through IVF/ICSI) have abnormal chromosomes' number.
It is useful when there are previous chromosomal or genetic disorders in the family and within the context of in vitro fertilization programs.
The procedures may also be called preimplantation genetic profiling to adapt to the fact that they are sometimes used on oocytes or embryos prior to implantation for other reasons than diagnosis or screening.
Procedures performed on sex cells before fertilization may instead be referred to as methods of oocyte selection or sperm selection, although the methods and aims partly overlap with PGD.
It was not until the 1980s that human IVF was fully developed, which coincided with the breakthrough of the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.
Handyside, Kontogianni and Winston's first successful tests happened in October 1989, with the first births in 1990 though the preliminary experiments had been published some years earlier.
Elena Kontogianni was studying for her PhD at the Hammersmith Hospital, on single-cell PCR for sexing, which she did by amplifying a repeated region of the Y chromosome.
Female embryos were selectively transferred in five couples at risk of X-linked disease, resulting in two twins and one singleton pregnancy.
Because the Y chromosome region Kontogianni was amplifying contained many repeats, it was more efficient than trying to amplify a unique region.
A band on the PCR gel indicated that the embryo was male and the absence of a band indicated that the embryo was female.
To reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, Kontogianni went on to co-amplify sequences on the X and Y (Kontogianni et al., 1991).
During the 1980s, human IVF embryos were exclusively transferred on day two of development as the culture medium used was incapable of reliably growing embryos past this stage.
Since the biopsy was to be performed on day three, the first diagnoses were all performed in one day, with transfer of the embryos late on day three.
The worry of embryos arresting was so high that some transfers took place in the early hours of day four so that the embryos were removed from culture as soon as possible.
There were many evenings at the Hammersmith when a transfer was performed at 1 a.m. on day four and researchers returned to the laboratory at 7 a.m. to start the next case.
PGD became increasingly popular during the 1990s when it was used to determine a handful of severe genetic disorders, such as sickle-cell anemia, Tay–Sachs disease, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and beta-thalassemia.
As with all medical interventions associated with human reproduction, PGD raises strong, often conflicting opinions of social acceptability, particularly due to its eugenic implications.
In some countries, such as Germany, PGD is permitted for only preventing stillbirths and genetic diseases, in other countries PGD is permitted in law but its operation is controlled by the state.
PGD is used primarily for genetic disease prevention, by selecting only those embryos that do not have a known genetic disorder.
PGD may also be used to increase chances of successful pregnancy, to match a sibling in HLA type in order to be a donor, to have less cancer predisposition, and for sex selection.
PGD is available for a large number of monogenic disorders—that is, disorders due to a single gene only (autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked)—or of chromosomal structural aberrations (such as a balanced translocation).
The most common dominant diseases are myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's disease and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease; and in the case of the X-linked diseases, most of the cycles are performed for fragile X syndrome, haemophilia A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
In addition, there are infertile couples who carry an inherited condition and who opt for PGD as it can be easily combined with their IVF treatment.
Preimplantation genetic profiling (PGP) has been suggested as a method to determine embryo quality in in vitro fertilization, in order to select an embryo that appears to have the greatest chances for successful pregnancy.
However, as the results of PGP rely on the assessment of a single cell, PGP has inherent limitations as the tested cell may not be representative of the embryo because of mosaicism.
Furthermore, a study found that diagnoses of the biopsies from the same embryos at two separate laboratories matched up only 50% of the time.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of existing randomized controlled trials came to the result that there is no evidence of a beneficial effect of PGP as measured by live birth rate.
Technical drawbacks, such as the invasiveness of the biopsy, and chromosomal mosaicism are the major underlying factors for inefficacy of PGP.
Alternative methods to determine embryo quality for prediction of pregnancy rates include microscopy as well as profiling of RNA and protein expression.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of embryos, so that the child's HLA matches a sick sibling, availing for cord-blood stem cell donation.
The HLA matching can be combined with the diagnosis for monogenic diseases such as Fanconi anaemia or beta thalassemia in those cases where the ailing sibling is affected with this disease, or it may be exceptionally performed on its own for cases such as children with leukaemia.
The main ethical argument against is the possible exploitation of the child, although some authors maintain that the Kantian imperative is not breached since the future donor child will not only be a donor but also a loved individual within the family.
Since affected individuals remain healthy until the onset of the disease, frequently in the fourth decade of life, there is debate on whether or not PGD is appropriate in these cases.
Although PGD is often regarded as an early form of prenatal diagnosis, the nature of the requests for PGD often differs from those of prenatal diagnosis requests made when the mother is already pregnant.
In the case of families at risk for X-linked diseases, patients are provided with a single PGD assay of gender identification.
Such X-linked Mendelian diseases include Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and hemophilia A and B, which are rarely seen in females because the offspring is unlikely to inherit two copies of the recessive allele.
Since two copies of the mutant X allele are required for the disease to be passed on to the female offspring, females will at worst be carriers for the disease but may not necessarily have a dominant gene for the disease.
Males on the other hand only require one copy of the mutant X allele for the disease to occur in one's phenotype and therefore, the male offspring of a carrier mother has a 50% chance of having the disease.
Therefore, medical uses of PGD for selection of a female offspring to prevent the transmission of X-linked Mendelian recessive disorders are often applied.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis applied for gender selection can be used for non-Mendelian disorders that are significantly more prevalent in one sex.
In order to validate the use of PGD, gender selection is based on the seriousness of the inherited condition, the risk ratio in either sex, or the options for disease treatment.
A 2006 survey reveals that PGD has occasionally been used to select an embryo for the presence of a particular disease or disability, such as deafness, in order that the child would share that characteristic with the parents.
It is also necessary to perform a biopsy on these embryos in order to obtain material on which to perform the diagnosis.
Generally, PCR-based methods are used for monogenic disorders and FISH for chromosomal abnormalities and for sexing those cases in which no PCR protocol is available for an X-linked disease.
These techniques need to be adapted to be performed on blastomeres and need to be thoroughly tested on single-cell models prior to clinical use.
Finally, after embryo replacement, surplus good quality unaffected embryos can be cryopreserved, to be thawed and transferred back in a next cycle.
COH is carried out either in an agonist protocol, using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues for pituitary desensitisation, combined with human menopausal gonadotrophins (hMG) or recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or an antagonist protocol using recombinant FSH combined with a GnRH antagonist according to clinical assessment of the patient's profile (age, body mass index (BMI), endocrine parameters).
hCG is administered when at least three follicles of more than 17 mm mean diameter are seen at transvaginal ultrasound scan.
Oocytes are carefully denudated from the cumulus cells, as these cells can be a source of contamination during the PGD if PCR-based technology is used.
The main reasons are to prevent contamination with residual sperm adhered to the zona pellucida and to avoid unexpected fertilization failure.
During the cleavage stage, embryo evaluation is performed daily on the basis of the number, size, cell-shape and fragmentation rate of the blastomeres.
On day 4, embryos were scored in function of their degree of compaction and blastocysts were evaluated according to the quality of the throphectoderm and inner cell mass, and their degree of expansion.
Theoretically, the biopsy can be performed at all preimplantation stages, but only three have been suggested: on unfertilised and fertilised oocytes (for polar bodies, PBs), on day three cleavage-stage embryos (for blastomeres) and on blastocysts (for trophectoderm cells).
There are different approaches to both steps, including mechanical, chemical, and physical (Tyrode's acidic solution) and laser technology for the breaching of the zona pellucida, extrusion or aspiration for the removal of PBs and blastomeres, and herniation of the trophectoderm cells.
Compared to a blastocyst biopsy, a polar body biopsy can potentially be of lower costs, less harmful side-effects, and more sensitive in detecting abnormalities.
The main advantage of the use of polar bodies in PGD is that they are not necessary for successful fertilisation or normal embryonic development, thus ensuring no deleterious effect for the embryo.
One of the disadvantages of PB biopsy is that it only provides information about the maternal contribution to the embryo, which is why cases of maternally inherited autosomal dominant and X-linked disorders that are exclusively maternally transmitted can be diagnosed, and autosomal recessive disorders can only partially be diagnosed.
Another drawback is the increased risk of diagnostic error, for instance due to the degradation of the genetic material or events of recombination that lead to heterozygous first polar bodies.
The biopsy is usually performed on embryos with less than 50% of anucleated fragments and at an 8-cell or later stage of development.
A hole is made in the zona pellucida and one or two blastomeres containing a nucleus are gently aspirated or extruded through the opening.
On the other hand, cleavage-stage embryos are found to have a high rate of chromosomal mosaicism, putting into question whether the results obtained on one or two blastomeres will be representative for the rest of the embryo.
Furthermore, cleavage-stage biopsy, as in the case of PB biopsy, yields a very limited amount of tissue for diagnosis, necessitating the development of single-cell PCR and FISH techniques.
The main reasons are that it allows for a safer and more complete diagnosis than PB biopsy and still leaves enough time to finish the diagnosis before the embryos must be replaced in the patient's uterus, unlike blastocyst biopsy.
It is diagnostically safer than the PB biopsy and, unlike blastocyst biopsy, it allows for the diagnosis of the embryos before day 5.
Although it has been shown that up to a quarter of a human embryo can be removed without disrupting its development, it still remains to be studied whether the biopsy of one or two cells correlates with the ability of the embryo to further develop, implant and grow into a full term pregnancy.
Not all methods of opening the zona pellucida have the same success rate because the well-being of the embryo and/or blastomere may be impacted by the procedure used for the biopsy.
Zona drilling with acid Tyrode's solution (ZD) was looked at in comparison to partial zona dissection (PZD) to determine which technique would lead to more successful pregnancies and have less of an effect on the embryo and/or blastomere.
PZD uses a glass microneedle to cut the zona pellucida which makes it a mechanical dissection method that typically needs skilled hands to perform the procedure.
In a study that included 71 couples, ZD was performed in 26 cycles from 19 couples and PZD was performed in 59 cycles from 52 couples.
In the single cell analysis, there was a success rate of 87.5% in the PZD group and 85.4% in the ZD group.
The maternal age, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, and other variables did not differ between the ZD and PZD groups.
It was found that PZD led to a significantly higher rate of pregnancy (40.7% vs 15.4%), ongoing pregnancy (35.6% vs 11.5%), and implantation (18.1% vs 5.7%) than ZD.
This suggests that using the mechanical method of PZD in blastomere biopsies for preimplantation genetic diagnosis may be more proficient than using the chemical method of ZD.
The success of PZD over ZD could be attributed to the chemical agent in ZD having a harmful effect on the embryo and/or blastomere.
However, laser drilling could be harmful to the embryo and it is very expensive for in vitro fertilization laboratories to use especially when PGD is not a prevalent process as of modern times.
In an attempt to overcome the difficulties related to single-cell techniques, it has been suggested to biopsy embryos at the blastocyst stage, providing a larger amount of starting material for diagnosis.
It has been shown that if more than two cells are present in the same sample tube, the main technical problems of single-cell PCR or FISH would virtually disappear.
On the other hand, as in the case of cleavage-stage biopsy, the chromosomal differences between the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm (TE) can reduce the accuracy of diagnosis, although this mosaicism has been reported to be lower than in cleavage-stage embryos.
On day five post-fertilization, approximately five cells are excised from the TE using a glass needle or laser energy, leaving the embryo largely intact and without loss of inner cell mass.
This figure is approximately four times higher than the average presented by the ESHRE PGD consortium data, where PB and cleavage-stage biopsy are the predominant reported methods.
On the other hand, delaying the biopsy to this late stage of development limits the time to perform the genetic diagnosis, making it difficult to redo a second round of PCR or to rehybridize FISH probes before the embryos should be transferred back to the patient.
Because of the molecular interactions between cumulus cells and the oocyte, gene expression profiling of cumulus cells can be performed to estimate oocyte quality and the efficiency of an ovarian hyperstimulation protocol, and may indirectly predict aneuploidy, embryo development and pregnancy outcomes.
During the process of vitrification a developed blast is dehydrated and it and its blastocoel cavity collapses for the freezing process.
There are many methods that have been used to facilitate the collapse including laser-pulse, repeated micropipetting, microneedle puncture or microsuction Normally this fluid would then be discarded, however with preimplantation genetic testing of BL, this fluid is saved and then tested for DNA.
While there’s conflicting evidence as to whether or not the more traditional methods of preimplantation genetic testing are harmful to the embryo there is newer methods for less invasive and equally effective testing methods.
The results showed that when both methods Blastocyst Fluid and Embryo Spent Media were used in combination they showed a cordance rate for the whole chromosome copy of 87.5% when compared to the trophectoderm, 96.4% when compared to the whole Blastocyst (gold standard).
PCR is generally used to diagnose monogenic disorders and FISH is used for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities (for instance, aneuploidy screening or chromosomal translocations).
Over the past few years, various advancements in PGD testing have allowed for an improvement in the comprehensiveness and accuracy of results available depending on the technology used.
In contrast to karyotyping, it can be used on interphase chromosomes, so that it can be used on PBs, blastomeres and TE samples.
Dual FISH was considered to be an efficient technique for determination of the sex of human preimplantation embryos and the additional ability to detect abnormal chromosome copy numbers, which is not possible via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Currently, a large panel of probes are available for different segments of all chromosomes, but the limited number of different fluorochromes confines the number of signals that can be analysed simultaneously.
For sex determination (used for instance when a PCR protocol for a given X-linked disorder is not available), probes for the X and Y chromosomes are applied along with probes for one or more of the autosomes as an internal FISH control.
More probes can be added to check for aneuploidies, particularly those that could give rise to a viable pregnancy (such as a trisomy 21).
The use of probes for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21 and 22 has the potential of detecting 70% of the aneuploidies found in spontaneous abortions.
In order to be able to analyse more chromosomes on the same sample, up to three consecutive rounds of FISH can be carried out.
The main problem of the use of FISH to study the chromosomal constitution of embryos is the elevated mosaicism rate observed at the human preimplantation stage.
A meta-analysis of more than 800 embryos came to the result that approximately 75% of preimplantation embryos are mosaic, of which approximately 60% are diploid–aneuploid mosaic and approximately 15% aneuploid mosaic.
Li and co-workers found that 40% of the embryos diagnosed as aneuploid on day 3 turned out to have a euploid inner cell mass at day 6.
Staessen and collaborators found that 17.5% of the embryos diagnosed as abnormal during PGS, and subjected to post-PGD reanalysis, were found to also contain normal cells, and 8.4% were found grossly normal.
As a consequence, it has been questioned whether the one or two cells studied from an embryo are actually representative of the complete embryo, and whether viable embryos are not being discarded due to the limitations of the technique.
Taking advantage of the chemical properties of DNA and the availability of thermostable DNA polymerases, PCR allows for the enrichment of a DNA sample for a certain sequence.
PCR provides the possibility to obtain a large quantity of copies of a particular stretch of the genome, making further analysis possible.
Currently, many different variations exist on the PCR itself, as well as on the different methods for the posterior analysis of the PCR products.
When using PCR in PGD, one is faced with a problem that is inexistent in routine genetic analysis: the minute amounts of available genomic DNA.
As PGD is performed on single cells, PCR has to be adapted and pushed to its physical limits, and use the minimum amount of template possible: which is one strand.
This implies a long process of fine-tuning of the PCR conditions and a susceptibility to all the problems of conventional PCR, but several degrees intensified.
ADO seriously compromises the reliability of PGD as a heterozygous embryo could be diagnosed as affected or unaffected depending on which allele would fail to amplify.
This is particularly concerning in PGD for autosomal dominant disorders, where ADO of the affected allele could lead to the transfer of an affected embryo.
Several PCR-based assays have been developed for various diseases like the triplet repeat genes associated with myotonic dystrophy and fragile X in single human somatic cells, gametes and embryos.
The criteria used for choosing the embryos to be replaced after FISH or PCR results are not equal in all centres.
In the case of FISH, in some centres only embryos are replaced that are found to be chromosomally normal (that is, showing two signals for the gonosomes and the analysed autosomes) after the analysis of one or two blastomeres, and when two blastomeres are analysed, the results should be concordant.
In these cases, there is no risk for an aneuploid pregnancy, and normal diploid embryos are not lost for transfer because of a FISH error.
Moreover, it has been shown that embryos diagnosed as monosomic on day 3 (except for chromosomes X and 21), never develop to blastocyst, which correlates with the fact that these monosomies are never observed in ongoing pregnancies.
Diagnosis and misdiagnosis in PGD using PCR have been mathematically modelled in the work of Navidi and Arnheim and of Lewis and collaborators.
The most important conclusion of these publications is that for the efficient and accurate diagnosis of an embryo, two genotypes are required.
This can be based on a linked marker and disease genotypes from a single cell or on marker/disease genotypes of two cells.
An interesting aspect explored in these papers is the detailed study of all possible combinations of alleles that may appear in the PCR results for a particular embryo.
The authors indicate that some of the genotypes that can be obtained during diagnosis may not be concordant with the expected pattern of linked marker genotypes, but are still providing sufficient confidence about the unaffected genotype of the embryo.
Although these models are reassuring, they are based on a theoretical model, and generally the diagnosis is established on a more conservative basis, aiming to avoid the possibility of misdiagnosis.
When unexpected alleles appear during the analysis of a cell, depending on the genotype observed, it is considered that either an abnormal cell has been analysed or that contamination has occurred, and that no diagnosis can be established.
A case in which the abnormality of the analysed cell can be clearly identified is when, using a multiplex PCR for linked markers, only the alleles of one of the parents are found in the sample.
In this case, the cell can be considered as carrying a monosomy for the chromosome on which the markers are located, or, possibly, as haploid.
The appearance of a single allele that indicates an affected genotype is considered sufficient to diagnose the embryo as affected, and embryos that have been diagnosed with a complete unaffected genotype are preferred for replacement.
Although this policy may lead to a lower number of unaffected embryos suitable for transfer, it is considered preferable to the possibility of a misdiagnosis.
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) is a PGD technique wherein a haplotype of genetic markers that have statistical associations to a target disease are identified rather than the mutation causing the disease.
Once a panel of associated genetic markers have been established for a particular disease it can be used for all carriers of that disease.
In contrast, since even a monogenic disease can be caused by many different mutations within the affected gene, conventional PGD methods based on finding a specific mutation would require mutation-specific tests.
PGH also has an advantage over FISH in that FISH is not usually able to make the differentiation between embryos that possess the balanced form of a chromosomal translocation and those carrying the homologous normal chromosomes.
Embryo transfer is usually performed on day three or day five post-fertilization, the timing depending on the techniques used for PGD and the standard procedures of the IVF centre where it is performed.
With the introduction in Europe of the single-embryo transfer policy, which aims at the reduction of the incidence of multiple pregnancies after ART, usually one embryo or early blastocyst is replaced in the uterus.
If a pregnancy is established, an ultrasound examination at 7 weeks is performed to confirm the presence of a fetal heartbeat.
It is not unusual that after the PGD, there are more embryos suitable for transferring back to the woman than necessary.
For the couples undergoing PGD, those embryos are very valuable, as the couple's current cycle may not lead to an ongoing pregnancy.
Embryo cryopreservation and later thawing and replacement can give them a second chance to pregnancy without having to redo the cumbersome and expensive ART and PGD procedures.
PGD/PGS is an invasive procedure that requires a serious consideration, according to Michael Tucker, Ph.D., Scientific Director and Chief Embryologist at Georgia Reproductive Specialists in Atlanta.
One of the risks of PGD includes damage to the embryo during the biopsy procedure (which in turn destroys the embryo as a whole), according to Serena H. Chen, M.D., a New Jersey reproductive endocrinologist with IRMS Reproductive Medicine at Saint Barnabas.
Another study suggests that PGS with cleavage-stage biopsy results in a significantly lower live birth rate for women of advanced maternal age.
Also, another study recommends the caution and a long term follow-up as PGD/PGS increases the perinatal death rate in multiple pregnancies.
In a mouse model study, PGD has been attributed to various long term risks including a weight gain and memory decline; a proteomic analysis of adult mouse brains showed significant differences between the biopsied and the control groups, of which many are closely associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers and Down syndrome.
PGD has the potential to screen for genetic issues unrelated to medical necessity, such as intelligence and beauty, and against negative traits such as disabilities.
On the other hand, a principle of procreative beneficence is proposed, which is a putative moral obligation of parents in a position to select their children to favor those expected to have the best life.
In 2006, three percent of PGD clinics in the US reported having selected an embryo for the presence of a disability.
In the selection of a saviour sibling to provide a matching bone marrow transplant for an already existing affected child, there are issues including the commodification and welfare of the donor child.
By relying on the result of one cell from the multi-cell embryo, PGD operates under the assumption that this cell is representative of the remainder of the embryo.
On occasion, PGD may result in a false negative result leading to the acceptance of an abnormal embryo, or in a false positive result leading to the deselection of a normal embryo.
Another problematic case is the cases of desired non-disclosure of PGD results for some genetic disorders that may not yet be apparent in a parent, such as Huntington disease.
It is applied when patients do not wish to know their carrier status but want to ensure that they have offspring free of the disease.
when no healthy, unaffected embryos are available for transfer and a mock transfer has to be carried out so that the patient does not suspect that he/she is a carrier.
Exclusion testing is based on a linkage analysis with polymorphic markers, in which the parental and grandparental origin of the chromosomes can be established.
This way, only embryos are replaced that do not contain the chromosome derived from the affected grandparent, avoiding the need to detect the mutation itself.
PGD combined with HLA (human leukocyte antigen) matching allows couples to select for embryos that are unaffected with a genetic disease in hopes of saving an existing, affected child.
In contrast, the UK's use of PGD is regulated by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act (HFEA), which requires clinics performing this technique to attain a license and follow strict criteria.
The Jewish Orthodox religion believes the repair of genetics is okay, but it does not support making a child which is genetically fashioned.
This is due to positive attitudinal survey results, postpartum follow-up studies demonstrating no significant differences between those who had used PGD and those who conceived naturally, and ethnographic studies which confirmed that those with a previous history of negative experiences found PGD as a relief.
Firstly, in the attitudinal survey, women with a history of infertility, pregnancy termination, and repeated miscarriages reported having a more positive attitude towards preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Couples with a history of multiple miscarriages, infertility, and an ill child, felt that preimplantation genetic diagnosis was a viable option.
In summary, although some of these studies are limited due to their retrospective nature and limited samples, the study's results indicate an overall satisfaction of participants for the use of PGD.
However, the authors of the studies do indicate that these studies emphasize the need for future research such as creating a prospective design with a valid psychological scale necessary to assess the levels of stress and mood during embryonic transfer and implantation.
As a result, provinces like Quebec, Alberta and Manitoba have put almost the full costs of IVF on the public healthcare bill.
Dr. Santiago Munne, developer of the first PGD test for Down's syndrome and founder of Reprogenetics, saw these provincial decisions as an opportunity for his company to grow and open more Reprogenetics labs around Canada.
Since 2011, the Ministry of Children and Youth Services in Ontario advocates for the development government-funded 'safe fertility' education, embryo monitoring and assisted reproduction services for all Ontarians.
This government report shows that Ontario not only has indefinite regulations regarding assisted reproduction services like IVF and PGD, but also does not fund any of these services.
In contrast, provinces such as Alberta and Quebec not only have more clinics, but have also detailed laws regarding assisted reproduction and government funding for these practices.
The procedure may only be used when there is a strong likelihood that parents will pass on a genetic disease, or when there is a high genetic chance of a stillbirth or miscarriage.
It is currently recommended in case of multiple miscarriages, and/or several failed IVF treatments, and/or when the mother is older than 35 years.
The Act was further been revised after 1994 and necessary amendment were made are updated timely on the official website of the Indian Government dedicated for the cause.
Thus, the HFE Authority (HFEA) was created in 2003 to act as a national regulatory agency which issues licenses and monitors clinics providing PGD.
The HFEA only permits the use of PGD where the clinic concerned has a licence from the HFEA and sets out the rules for this licensing in its Code of Practice ().
Each clinic, and each medical condition, requires a separate application where the HFEA check the suitability of the genetic test proposed and the staff skills and facilities of the clinic.
The practice and regulation of PGD most often falls under state laws or professional guidelines as the federal government does not have direct jurisdiction over the practice of medicine.
To date, no state has implemented laws directly pertaining to PGD, therefore leaving researchers and clinicians to abide to guidelines set by the professional associations.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that all clinics providing IVF must report pregnancy success rates annually to the federal government, but reporting of PGD use and outcomes is not required.
Professional organizations, such as the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), have provided limited guidance on the ethical uses of PGD.
In a study of 135 IVF clinics, 88% had websites, 70% mentioned PGD and 27% of the latter were university- or hospital-based and 63% were private clinics.
Of the sites mentioning PGD, 76% described testing for single-gene diseases, but only 35% mentioned risks of missing target diagnoses, and only 18% mentioned risks for loss of the embryo.
Private clinics were more likely than other programs to list certain PGD risks like for example diagnostic error, or note that PGD was new or controversial, reference sources of PGD information, provide accuracy rates of genetic testing of embryos, and offer gender selection for social reasons.
A holdover from Season 1 that aired in Season 2, it first aired on April 11, 2000, and was written by Garrett Donovan and Neil Goldman, and directed by John Holmquist.
Lois's campaign for school board president is interrupted when Brian tells her that he got a call from the principal, saying that Chris has taken part in voyeurism.
Peter tries to suppress Chris' behavior with pornography which he sells to his friends, while Lois finally holds a campaign for Head of the School Board of Education.
Meanwhile, Peter runs into his favorite teacher from his schooldays, Mr. Fargus (voiced by Dwight Schultz), but is disappointed to discover that he has been reduced from his eccentric former self to a catatonic old man due to medication.
Lois's rival for school board president quits, so Lois wins by default; however, when Peter finds that she will not re-hire Fargus, he himself runs for election to do so.
Lois is shocked and upset when Peter actually wins the school board election in a landslide and does not seem to take his new position very seriously, making ridiculous changes to the school.
A huge scandal erupts for Peter during a TV interview when it is revealed that the school's students are reading the pornography which he gave to Chris.
Peter is advised to blame the situation on Lois, but during a press conference, he cannot bring himself to do so.
Meanwhile, Mr. Fargus, back to taking his pills, is welcomed back by the middle school students before he is shot at by a robotic hall guard that Peter had installed while president.
Ashta-kashte is a race board game from Bengal akin to the Cross and Circle family for two to four players originating in India.
Players race their pieces around the board, spiralling inwards to be the first to get all of their pieces to the centre.
A piece may enter the board on any throw of the cowries and moves to the square corresponding to the throw.
The paths of each player are different because each player starts on a different square and moves inwards at a different position on the board.
Doubles cannot be passed over by single pieces (whether the player's or the opponent's), and they can only be captured by other doubles.
If a player throws a number larger than that needed to reach the end, they must move another piece or wait till their next turn.
As statutory local government areas, the region and districts were created in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and abolished in 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.
The area of the region is now the Highland unitary council area, and the former Skye and Lochalsh district is within the Highland Council's Ross, Skye and Lochaber corporate management area.
The 1973 legislation abolished local government counties and burghs throughout Scotland and created a new system of nine two-tier regions and three islands council areas.
The Skye and Lochash district of the Highland region was created by merging a district of the former county of Inverness (the Skye district, consisting of the Skye group of Inner Hebridean islands) with a district of the former county of Ross and Cromarty (the South West district, consisting of an area around and including the village of Kyle of Lochalsh).
The 1994 legislation abolished regions and districts and established a system of 32 unitary council areas covering the whole of Scotland, and all of the Highland districts were merged into the new unitary Highland council area.
In 1996 the new Highland Council adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas, and created area committees to represent them.
The Skye and Lochalsh management area then consisted of six out of the 72 wards of the council area, each electing one councillor by the first past the post system of election.
Management area boundaries were not redrawn, however, and therefore area committees ceased to represent exactly the areas for which they were named and made decisions.
Ward boundaries were redrawn again in 2007, and the council's eight management areas were abolished in favour of three new corporate management areas, including the Ross, Skye and Lochaber area which absorbed the former Skye and Lochalsh area.
The Highland council area now has 22 wards and each elects three or four councillors by the single transferable vote system, a system designed to produce a form of proportional representation.
The Ross, Skye and Lochaber area consists of six out of the 22 wards and these ward elect 23 of the 80 Highland councillors.
There is also a Ross, Skye and Lochaber constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster), but its boundaries are not exactly those of the council corporated management area.
The constituency was created in 2005 with boundaries based on those of wards in use during the period 1999 to 2007.
Above this were emblems for the three main historic families of the Isle of Skye (Macleod of Macleod, Macdonald of Sleat and Mackinnon) and below it a stag's head from the arms of Mackenzie of Kintail for the Lochalsh area.
The gold coronet above the arms was a special pattern reserved for the arms of Scottish district councils, and was topped by thistle-heads.
Grady Booch (born February 27, 1955) is an American software engineer, best known for developing the Unified Modeling Language (UML) with Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh.
Booch earned his bachelor's degree in 1977 from the United States Air Force Academy and a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1979 from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Booch served as Chief Scientist of Rational Software Corporation since its founding in 1981 and through its acquisition by IBM in 2003, where he kept working until March 2008.
The notation aspect of the Booch method has now been superseded by the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which features graphical elements from the Booch method along with elements from the object-modeling technique (OMT) and object-oriented software engineering (OOSE).
Methodological aspects of the Booch method have been incorporated into several methodologies and processes, the primary such methodology being the Rational Unified Process (RUP).
He now is part of IBM Research - Almaden, serving as Chief Scientist for Software Engineering, where he continues his work on the Handbook of Software Architecture and also leads several projects in software engineering that are beyond the constraints of immediate product horizons.
Grady continues to engage with customers working on real problems and maintains deep relationships with academia and other research organizations around the world.
Grady has served as architect and architectural mentor for numerous complex software-intensive systems around the world in just about every domain imaginable.
He was named an IBM Fellow in 2003, soon after his entry into IBM, and assumed his current role on March 18, 2008.
He was awarded the IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer award in 2016 for his pioneering work in Object Modeling that led to the creation of the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Gun-Marie Fredriksson (; 30 May 1958 – 9 December 2019) was a Swedish pop singer, songwriter, pianist and painter, who was best known internationally as the lead vocalist of pop rock duo Roxette, which she formed in 1986 with Per Gessle.
Strul's dissolution led to the creation of her next project, the short-lived MaMas Barn, after which she began releasing solo work.
When she was four years old, her parents sold their farm and relocated to Östra Ljungby, where Gösta took a job as a postman and Inez became a factory worker.
Three years later, her oldest sister Anna-Lisa was involved in a fatal traffic collision; her car was crushed by a tanker truck while she was travelling to purchase a dress for her engagement party.
With both parents in full-time employment but unable to afford child care, Marie and her underage siblings would often be left unaccompanied at home while their parents worked.
It was during this period, with the help of siblings and friends, that she learned how to sing, read notation and play musical instruments.
Her interest in music continued to grow throughout her teens, as she discovered artists such as The Beatles, Joni Mitchell, Jimi Hendrix and Deep Purple.
She enrolled in a music school in the Svalöv Municipality at the age of seventeen, where she befriended students from the theatre department by composing music for their amateur plays.
Since no other vocalist in the school could emulate Fredriksson's vocal range, she joined the cast of a musical she co-wrote.
After graduating from music school in 1977, Fredriksson moved to Halmstad, where she worked in theatre before becoming involved in the local indie music scene.
She formed punk group () in 1978 with then-boyfriend Stefan Dernbrant—the band consisted of an extensive and fractious lineup of musicians, the majority of whom would leave after a single performance; Per Gessle and Mats Persson of Gyllene Tider () were briefly members.
Due to the success of the festival, she opted to continue performing under the Strul name alongside the band's other longest-serving member, guitarist Martin Sternhufvud.
The album was successful in Sweden, and she joined Lindbom's band as a featured vocalist for an extensive tour of the country.
On Gessle's insistence, Fredriksson agreed to embark on a solo career in late 1983, recording her debut album from December 1983 to June 1984, with Lindbom as co-writer and producer.
The album was promoted by a three-month double bill concert tour, featuring Fredriksson performing as a solo artist alongside Lindbom's eponymous band.
This cover band appeared on several Swedish television programmes, and consisted of Fredriksson and Lindbom performing alongside Per Gessle and Mats Persson.
EMI Sweden's managing director, Rolf Nygren, suggested Gessle translate one of his Swedish compositions to English and record it as a duet with Fredriksson.
The track peaked at number three on the Swedish Singles Chart, and was one the most popular songs on Swedish radio that year.
It peaked at number one and sold over 50,000 copies within a month of release, and was certified platinum by the Swedish Recording Industry Association for shipments in excess of 100,000 units.
Once again, it was an immediate commercial success in Sweden, selling over 140,000 copies within ten days of release, but failed to chart internationally.
Fredriksson won the award for Pop/Rock Female at the 1989 Grammis, the Swedish equivalent of the Grammy Awards, as well as the Rockbjörnen award for Best Swedish Female, for the fourth consecutive year.
The track became their third number one on the Hot 100, and remains one of Roxette's best-known and most successful singles.
She was nominated for three awards at the 1993 Grammis, including Songwriter of the Year and Artist of the Year, winning the latter.
The next summer, she was a featured vocalist in Bolyos' band Sugarcane, during their concert residency in Halmstad nightclub Penny Lane.
She was more involved in its composition and production than on previous Roxette releases, recording numerous demos at her Djursholm studio and singing lead vocals on ten of the album's fourteen songs.
Prior to its release, the duo signed a new recording contract with their longterm label EMI, which saw Fredriksson obtaining full control of the copyrights to her entire discography.
He complained to everyone that my voice was weak, that I needed to re-record vocals, and that my songs weren't good enough.
It was also one of the best-selling albums of 2001, and was certified triple platinum for shipments of almost 250,000 units.
After waiting several weeks for the effects of the fracture and resulting concussion to subside, she underwent successful surgery to remove the tumour, which was malignant, and she endured months of chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
Both Gessle and Fredriksson attended the ceremony, which was the first event Fredriksson appeared after her operation, and one of the very few public appearances she made over the next two years.
Lasting effects of the tumour included her being blind in one eye and having limited hearing and mobility, as well as being unable to read or write.
Following her diagnosis and treatment, Fredriksson and Bolyos began work on her next studio album as a form of therapy at their home studio in Djursholm.
Despite being unable to read or write, Fredriksson rediscovered her love of drawing during her illness, and began using charcoal to create artwork as another form of therapy.
The duo reunited for a private performance at the Wedding of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, and Daniel Westling at Stockholm Palace on 18 June 2010.
However, these concerts were cancelled after Fredriksson was advised by her doctors to cease all touring activity, due to poor health.
I was sad a lot of the time and had a hard time with the press, when I always had to be nice and say the right things, always having to be available to everybody, always putting on a smile and being happy.
Her decision not to invite Gessle and his wife to the wedding briefly became a source of tension between the duo.
Fredriksson and Bolyos had two children: a daughter named Inez Josefin (born 29 April 1993) and a son named Oscar Mikael (born 26 November 1996).
She was diagnosed with a brain tumor in 2002, and died following a 17-year battle with cancer at the age of 61.
Sir Alexander Matthew Busby, CBE, KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994) was a Scottish football player and manager, who managed Manchester United between 1945 and 1969 and again for the second half of the 1970–71 season.
He was the first manager of an English team to win the European Cup and is widely regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time.
After his playing career was interrupted by the Second World War, Busby was offered the job of assistant coach at Liverpool, but they were unwilling to give him the control over the first team that he wanted.
As a result, he took the vacant manager's job at Manchester United instead, where he built the famous Busby Babes team.
Eight of these players died in the Munich air disaster, but Busby rebuilt the side and United won the European Cup a decade later.
Busby's father was a miner, but was called up to serve in the First World War, being killed by a sniper's bullet on 23 April 1917 at the Battle of Arras.
Busby's mother was left to raise Matt and his three sisters alone until her marriage to a man called Harry Matthie in 1919.
Busby would often accompany his father down into the coal pits, but his true aspiration was to become a professional footballer.
In his 1973 autobiography Busby described himself as being as football mad as any other boy in Bellshill citing in particular the impression made on him by Alex James and Hughie Gallacher.
His mother might have quashed those dreams when she applied to emigrate with Matt to the United States in the late 1920s, but he was granted a reprieve by the nine-month processing time.
In the meantime, Busby got a full-time job as a collier and played football part-time for Stirlingshire Junior side Denny Hibernian.
He had played only a few matches for Denny Hibs, but it was not long before he was signed up by a Manchester City side that was a couple of games away from regaining promotion to the First Division.
Aged 18, Busby signed for Manchester City on a one-year contract worth £5 per week on 11 February 1928, with the provision for him to leave at the end of the deal if he still wished to emigrate to the United States with his mother.
He decided to stay and made his debut for City on 2 November 1929, more than 18 months after first signing for the Blues, when he played at inside left in a 3–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the First Division.
During the 1930–31 season, City manager Peter Hodge decided that Busby's talents could be better exploited from the half-back line, with Busby playing the right-half role.
In 1930, Manchester United made an enquiry about signing Busby from their cross-town rivals, but they were unable to afford the £150 fee that City demanded.
Indeed, Busby and Jackie Bray became such fixtures at wing-half that club captain Jimmy McMullan had to move to forward to keep his place in the team.
However, from the second half of the 1934–35 season, Busby's number 4 jersey was worn by Jack Percival with increasing regularity, and Busby was sold to Liverpool for £8,000 on 12 March 1936, having made more than 200 appearances for Manchester City.
He made his debut for the Reds just two days later, on 14 March, away to Huddersfield Town; the match ended in a 1–0 Liverpool defeat.
Busby opened his goalscoring account a month later – his 47th-minute strike helped his team to a 2–2 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park.
Along with Jimmy McDougall and Tom Bradshaw, Busby made up what is considered by many to be the best half-back line Liverpool had ever had.
Bob Paisley joined Liverpool from Bishop Auckland in 1939, and it was Busby who took him under his wing and showed him the ropes at Anfield.
Busby made only one official international appearance for Scotland; he played in a 3–2 British Home Championship defeat to Wales at Ninian Park, Cardiff, on 4 October 1933.
Busby also made seven appearances for Scotland against England during the Second World War, winning just one of them, but these are considered unofficial.
During the Second World War, Busby served as a football coach in the Army Physical Training Corps, and the experience resulted in Liverpool offering him the job of assistant to their then-manager George Kay.
However, the experience had also forged Busby's opinions about how football should be played and governed, and when it became clear that they differed from those of the Liverpool board, their chairman Billy McConnell allowed Busby to pursue alternative employment.
After Manchester United had tried to sign Busby from Manchester City in 1930, he became good friends with United's fixer, Louis Rocca; their relationship was helped by the fact that both were members of the Manchester Catholic Sportsman's Club.
United were in desperate need of a manager to take over from club secretary Walter Crickmer after the war and a board meeting was called in December 1944 so as to ascertain who that new manager might be.
In February 1945, still in uniform, Busby turned up at Cornbrook Cold Storage, one of the United chairman James W. Gibson's businesses at Trafford Park to discuss the contents of Rocca's letter with the chairman.
Busby requested that he be directly involved in training, pick the team on matchdays and even choose the players to be bought and sold without interference from the club directors, who, he believed, did not know the game as well as he did.
Such a level of control over the team was unprecedented in the English game, but the United chairman was in no position to argue.
Busby was originally offered a three-year contract but managed to secure himself a five-year deal after explaining that it would take at least that long for his revolution to have a tangible effect.
The contract was signed that day – 19 February 1945 – but it was not until 1 October that Busby officially took over the reins at Manchester United.
In the interim, he returned to the Army Physical Training Corps, whose football team he took to Bari, Italy, in the spring of 1945.
There, he took in a training session for a football team made up of non-commissioned officers led by West Bromwich Albion's former half-back Jimmy Murphy.
Impressed by the Welshman's oratory skills, Busby engaged him in conversation and offered him the job of chief coach at Manchester United, which Murphy accepted verbally there and then, before joining the club officially in early 1946.
The two men immediately put their mark on the side, leading them to the runners-up spot in the league, behind Busby's former employers Liverpool, by the end of the 1946–47 season.
Manchester United were runners-up in the league in 1947, 1948, 1949 and 1951, and won the FA Cup in 1948, before winning the league championship in 1952.
This was a welcome success for a club which had last won a major trophy in 1911 and had spent the interwar years bouncing between the First and Second Divisions.
By 1952, however, the side captained by Johnny Carey, was beginning to show its age, and a new set of players had to be found.
Busby, who had achieved a great deal of success in spite of his lack of previous managerial experience, was expected to spend large sums of money on high-profile players.
These included right-back Bill Foulkes, centre-halves Mark Jones and Jackie Blanchflower, wingers Albert Scanlon and David Pegg and forward Liam Whelan.
Among them was Duncan Edwards, judged by many to be England's finest player of his era, and capped by England at 17 – setting a record for the youngest-ever full international that remained unbroken for more than 40 years.
He made relatively few signings from other clubs between 1951 and 1957, rare examples being winger Johnny Berry, forward Tommy Taylor and goalkeeper Harry Gregg.
During this period, the team picked up the affectionate nickname the Busby Babes, because of the youthfulness of many of the players he fielded.
They won the league in both 1956 and 1957, and were runners-up to Aston Villa in the 1957 FA Cup Final.
The young side was so successful that centre-forward Tommy Taylor and goalkeeper Harry Gregg were United's only major signings over a spell of almost five years.
Busby and his team began the 1957–58 season full of ambition for an assault on the Football League title, FA Cup and European Cup.
On the way home from a European Cup tie against Red Star Belgrade on 6 February 1958, their plane crashed on the runway at Munich-Riem Airport.
Seven players and three club officials were among the 20 people who were killed at the scene; Duncan Edwards died from his injuries two weeks later as the final death toll reached 23, while two other players were injured to such an extent that they never played football again.
Busby's old friend from Manchester City, the goalkeeper Frank Swift, who had travelled to Munich in his post-playing career as a journalist, also perished.
Busby suffered multiple injuries and twice received the last rites, but he recovered from his injuries and left the hospital after nine weeks.
He was not aware of the extent of the Munich tragedy until some three weeks after the crash, as doctors felt he was not strong enough to know the truth until then.
Sometime around the end of February, he asked a Franciscan friar at the hospital how Duncan Edwards was faring; the friar was unaware that the news of Edwards's death had been kept from him and felt that it was his duty to inform Busby that Edwards was dead.
He reportedly told his wife that he felt like quitting the manager's job, as he had feelings of guilt over the disaster.
Busby had gone against the wishes of Football League officials by pressing for Manchester United's participation in the European Cup and had not felt able to challenge the aircraft's pilot about taking off in heavy snow.
Busby also had to face the torment of player Johnny Berry – who suffered career-ending injuries in the crash – complaining that Tommy Taylor was a poor friend for not visiting him in hospital; unaware that Taylor had been killed, while Busby had been urged to keep the news from Berry at this stage, which he found particularly difficult.
In the meantime, the team was managed by Jimmy Murphy, who had been taking charge of the Wales team at the time of the crash, and so was not present.
Busby was present at a new-look United side's FA Cup final defeat against Bolton Wanderers at Wembley three months later, and resumed full managerial duties for the following season.
He had already expressed an interest in signing Law for United by this stage, although he had yet to be successful in doing so.
Northern Irish forward George Best was scouted for Manchester United by Bob Bishop and signed to the club's playing staff by chief scout Joe Armstrong.
Busby successfully rebuilt United, as he guided them to a 3–1 victory over Leicester City in the 1963 FA Cup Final.
They were league champions in 1965 and again in 1967, with a defeat on the final day of the 1967–68 season seeing rivals Manchester City snatch the title away.
He retired as manager at the end of the following season, having announced his intention to do so on 14 January 1969, but remained at the club as a director, handing over managerial duties to trainer and former player Wilf McGuinness.
When McGuinness was sacked in December 1970, Busby briefly returned to his managerial duties, but there was never any question of his returning as manager permanently.
Busby was awarded the CBE in 1958 and was knighted following the European Cup victory in 1968, before being made a Knight Commander of St Gregory by the Pope in 1972.
A Manchester United side featuring a new generation of star players including Mark Hughes and Steve Bruce took on a Republic of Ireland XI.
On this occasion, Andrews surprised him just ahead of his final game as interim manager, leading Manchester United in a derby match with Manchester City at Maine Road.
He had been admitted to the hospital earlier that month to have a blood clot removed from his leg, and had appeared to be making a good recovery until his condition deteriorated after several days.
Two days after Busby's death, a minute's silence was held at the start of United's home game against Everton in the Premier League.
In 1999, in securing the treble of Premier League, FA Cup and European Cup, Manchester United won the European Cup on what would have been Sir Matt's 90th birthday - the first time they had won the trophy since Sir Matt's 1968 triumph.
Then, in 2008, Manchester United won the Champions League again, 50 years after the Munich tragedy, and 40 years since his own triumph in Europe in 1968 where Busby's United defeated Benfica.
The day after the 100th anniversary of Busby's birth, Manchester United played Barcelona in the 2009 Champions League final and lost to the Spanish side 2–0.
Busby was made an inaugural inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game.
His son Sandy died on 15 September 2014, followed nearly nine months later by his daughter Sheena, who had been married to former Manchester United player Don Gibson for 59 years.
Southwark Towers was a high rise building at 32 London Bridge Street, designed by TP Bennett architects, overlooking London Bridge station, in Southwark, London.
When it was demolished in 2008 to make way for The Shard, it was the joint-tallest building ever to have been demolished in the United Kingdom, alongside the Drapers' Gardens tower.
It was subsequently alleged that the transaction to develop the property might not have been entered into on an arm's length basis and that there might have been an element of bounty or kindness from PPC to Price Waterhouse, who happened to be PPC's auditors.
The typical way to demolish a building in the United Kingdom is by implosion, but due to proximity of Guy's Hospital and other buildings, Southwark Towers was instead taken apart in pieces.
Edmonton Strathcona (formerly known as Edmonton—Strathcona) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953.
Between 2008 and 2015, and from 2019 onwards, Edmonton—Strathcona was the only federal riding in Alberta not held by the Conservative Party.
The historic district of Old Strathcona, the University of Alberta and the Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre are all located in the riding.
Edmonton–Strathcona encompasses the neighbourhoods of Allendale, Argyll, Avonmore, Belgravia, Bonnie Doon, Capilano, Cloverdale, Empire Park, Forest Heights, Fulton Place, Garneau, Gold Bar, Grandview Heights, Hazeldean, Holyrood, Idylwylde, Kenilworth, King Edward Park, Lansdowne, Lendrum Place, Malmo Plains, McKernan, Ottewell, Parkallen, Pleasantview, Queen Alexandra Park, Ritchie, Riverdale, Strathcona, Strathearn, Terrace Heights, and Windsor Park.
As evidenced by the 2008 and 2011 elections, this riding is heavily polarized between more urban NDP voters concentrated in the northwest of the riding and suburban Conservative voters concentrated in the south and east.
The NDP picked up this seat in 2008 for the first time in its history, when Edmonton lawyer Linda Duncan defeated Tory incumbent Rahim Jaffer, thanks to a consolidation of non-Conservative votes.
The electoral district of Strathcona dates back to Territorial times (see Strathcona (electoral district), and was represented by Liberal MPs, then a Unionist/Conservative MP, and a United Farmer of Alberta MP.
The building was developed in 2001–2003 by Canary Wharf Group as one of five new buildings on its Heron Quays site.
In July 2000, Canary Wharf Group formally announced the development of the Heron Quays site, on the southern boundary of the Canary Wharf estate.
25 Bank Street, along with its neighbours HQ3 (40 Bank Street) and HQ4 (50 Bank Street) were all designed by César Pelli in the International style, featuring complementary external cladding of stainless steel, glass and stone.
25 Bank Street and 40 Bank Street, which are of equal height, are conjoined by the West Winter Garden glass enclosed concourse and all provide enclosed access to an underground retail mall.
The building is designed around a central concrete core containing elevators, washrooms and services; this is surrounded by office floors with stainless steel and glass curtainwalls.
In July 2000 Enron Europe opened negotiations with Canary Wharf Group to take 130,060 sq m (1.4 m sq ft) of space on the Canary Wharf estate.
The HQ1 and HQ2 sites were earmarked for use by Enron in a mixed use development that would include a mini-power station.
On 3 April 2001, Canary Wharf Group announced that it had concluded a 30-year lease agreement with Lehman Brothers for the entirety of the space in HQ2, a total of over .
Under the terms of the agreement, Canary Wharf Group provided a number of financial incentives to Lehman Brothers, including coverage of fitting out costs up to £35 per sq ft; a further payment of £16 million on drawdown of the lease; and a contribution of £30 per sq ft towards the refitting of of office space occupied by Lehman Brothers in Broadgate, City of London.
The geography of the site presented considerable access challenges in that it was surrounded by water on three sides, with two thirds of the fourth side in the former dock.
A coffer dam was constructed in the dock to enable the water to be pumped out and a road was built on top of the dam, with earth ramps to enable construction traffic to reach the construction site.
River traffic was extensively used to minimise road deliveries; consignments of aggregates and structural steel were delivered by barge and a concrete batching plant was constructed on a barge anchored in the dock.
The construction of the rectangular concrete core was subcontracted to Byrne Bros (Formwork) Ltd, who used the PERI ACS self climbing formwork system.
By using the jumpform system, the subcontractor was able to use additional work platforms situated below the main work platform, so that multiple phases of work could be undertaken concurrently.
The West Podium of 25 Bank Street is situated at a height of 30 metres above a 100-metre length of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), including Heron Quays station.
To protect the DLR, which continued to operate throughout construction, a concrete slab was installed above the railway that formed the base of the West Podium.
George Iacobescu, Canary Wharf Group Chief Executive, and Jeremy Isaacs, chief executive of Lehman Brothers for Europe and Asia, both signed the final steel girder before it was hoisted into place.
Elevators engineering was undertaken by Lerch, Bates & Associates, Inc. A specialist lighting arrangement was installed to illuminate the crown of the building.
This was designed by LightMatters and involved providing an architectural lighting and control solution using a total of 5,472 LED fixtures installed between the inner wall and the outer glass shell of the building's 32nd level.
The building's fit out was undertaken by Hilson Moran, who were responsible for both the shell & core services design for Canary Wharf Limited and the fit-out services design for Lehman Brothers.
Facilities included a TV broadcast studio, meeting rooms and 400 seat auditorium at level 1; a 3000 sq metre Data Centre at level 2; four trading floors at levels 3 to 6; a Gym & Fitness Centre and staff restaurant at level 7; executive floors at levels 30 and 31; and twenty office floors.
Although levels 3-6 were all capable of being used as trading floors, only levels 4 and 5 were fully configured as such during the Lehman occupation.
The staff restaurant, at level 7, was operated by Restaurant Associates, who also provided catering services for corporate events hosted in the building.
The cash resources of the Lehman Group were managed centrally in New York by the parent company, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LBHI).
Following a deterioration in LBHI's financial position, on the afternoon of Sunday 14 September 2008, the directors of Lehman Brothers International (Europe) Ltd (LBIE) sought assurances from LBHI that payments due to be made on its behalf on the following business day would be made.
At approximately 12.30 am on 15 September, LBHI informed LBIE that it was preparing to file for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection under US law and that it was therefore no longer in a position to make payments to or on behalf of LBIE.
Accordingly, overnight preparations were made for a number of UK based Lehman companies to protect their interests by seeking an Administration Order under UK law.
PricewaterhouseCoopers were appointed as administrators of the UK business and as part of this task took over the management of 25 Bank Street.
Having arranged the sale of parts of the Lehman business to Nomura International plc, the administrators reached agreement to sub-lease approximately in 25 Bank Street to Nomura International.
These subleases were due to expire in March 2011; in the event, Nomura would exercise a break option in September 2010 and exit the building at that time.
From 1 January 2010, Lehman Brothers (in administration) reduced its occupation of 25 Bank Street to ; and from 31 March of that year exited the building entirely, moving to new premises at 25 Canada Square.
The total property, IT and occupancy costs to the Lehman Brothers administration totalled $170 million for the 18-month period from the time of insolvency to the time of the 25 Bank Street exit.
On 20 December 2010 J.P. Morgan announced the acquisition of 25 Bank Street to become the new European headquarters of its Investment Bank in 2012.
This was one of several real estate commitments announced by the bank that also included the purchase of 60 Victoria Embankment, a London building that the bank had been leasing since 1991 and which accommodates the firm's Treasury and Securities Services division.
J.P. Morgan also announced that it had reached agreement with Canary Wharf Group to fund a further tranche of development to its Riverside South scheme.
First published in 1962, the book has won the Newbery Medal, the Sequoyah Book Award, the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award.
The main characters, Meg Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe, embark on a journey through space and time, from universe to universe, as they endeavor to save the Murrys' father and the world.
The novel offers a glimpse into the battles between light and darkness, and goodness and evil, as the young characters mature into adolescents on their journey.
The novel wrestles with questions of spirituality and purpose, as the characters are often thrown into conflicts of love, divinity, and goodness.
The book has inspired two film adaptations, both by Disney: a 2003 television film directed by John Kent Harrison; and a 2018 theatrical film directed by Ava DuVernay.
At age forty, she nearly abandoned her career as a novelist, but continued to write after her publication of Meet the Austins.
After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut where they ran a general store, L'Engle's family, the Franklins, moved back to New York City, first taking a ten-week camping trip across the country.
The series follows the adventures of Meg Murry, her youngest brother Charles Wallace Murry, their friend Calvin O'Keefe, and her twin siblings Sandy and Dennys Murry.
Throughout the series, the friends band together to travel through space and time as they attempt to save the world from the grasps of evil.
One of the guests happened to know John C. Farrar of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and insisted that L'Engle should meet with him.
Although the publisher did not, at the time, publish a line of children's books, Farrar met L'Engle, liked the novel, and ultimately published it under the Ariel imprint.
In 1963, the book won the Newbery Medal, an annual award given by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American children's literature.
The book has also been published in a 25th anniversary collectors' edition (limited to 500 signed and numbered copies), at least two book club editions (one hardback, one Scholastic Book Services paperback), as a trade paperback under the Dell Yearling imprint, and as a mass market paperback under the Dell Laurel-Leaf imprint.
The book was reissued by Square Fish in trade and mass market paperback formats in May 2007, along with the rest of the Time Quintet.
This new edition includes a previously unpublished interview with L'Engle as well as a transcription of her Newbery Medal acceptance speech.
The family includes her scientist mother Katherine, missing scientist father Alexander, twins Sandy and Dennys, and five-year-old brother Charles Wallace Murry, a child genius who can sometimes read Meg's mind.
Unable to sleep during a thunderstorm, Meg descends from her attic room to find Charles Wallace sitting at the table drinking milk and eating bread and jam.
The next morning, Meg discovers that the term refers to a scientific concept her father was working on before his mysterious disappearance.
The following afternoon, Meg and Charles Wallace encounter Meg's schoolmate, Calvin O'Keefe, a high-school junior who, although popular at school, considers himself a misfit as well.
Which turn out to be supernatural beings who transport Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin O'Keefe through the universe by means of tesseract, a fifth-dimensional phenomenon explained as folding the fabric of space and time.
The first stop is the planet Uriel, a Utopian world filled with Centaur-like beings who live in a state of light and love.
The Mrs. Ws reveal to the children that the universe is under attack from an evil being who appears as a large dark cloud called The Black Thing, which is essentially the personification of evil.
The children are taken to visit the Happy Medium, a woman with a crystal ball through which they see that Earth is partially covered by the darkness, although great religious figures, philosophers, scientists, and artists have been fighting against it.
They find that all the inhabitants behave in a mechanical way and seem to be under the control of a single mind.
At the planet's central headquarters, CENTRAL Central Intelligence, they discover a telepathic red-eyed man who can cast hypnotic spells and claims to know their father's whereabouts.
Under the man's influence, he takes Meg and Calvin to the place where Alexander is being held prisoner because he would not succumb to the group mind.
Calvin and the Murrys are discovered by the planet's inhabitants - large, eyeless beasts with featureless faces, tentacles and four arms, who prove both wise and gentle.
Meg overcomes her anger at her father for leaving Charles Wallace on Camazotz, realizing that parents can't fix everything, and sometimes children can solve problems themselves.
They charge Meg with rescuing Charles Wallace from IT, because only Meg has a strong enough bond with him while their father had last seen Charles Wallace when he was a baby and Calvin had only just met him.
Mrs. Who quotes to Meg a passage from the Bible about God choosing the foolish of the world to confound the wise, and the weak to defeat the strong (1 Corinthians 1:27-29).
Mrs. Whatsit says that although she and the others like the spectacle of the family reuniting, they have to go somewhere.
Mrs. Whatsit is the youngest of the Mrs. Ws (despite being 2,379,152,497 years, 8 months, and 3 days old), and interacts with the children.
Sandy and his twin brother Dennys are the middle children in the Murry family, older than Charles Wallace but younger than Meg.
According to scholar James Beasley Simpson, the overwhelming love and desire for light within the novel is directly representative of a Christian love for God and Jesus Christ.
Furthermore, the children encounter spiritual intervention, signaling God's presence in the ordinary, as well as the extendibility of God's power and love.
Madeleine L'Engle's fantasy works are in part highly expressive of her Christian viewpoint in a manner somewhat similar to that of Christian fantasy writer C. S. Lewis.
She was herself the official writer-in-residence at New York City's Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which is known for its prominent position in the liberal wing of the Episcopal Church.
The theme of picturing the fight of good against evil as a battle of light and darkness is a recurring one.
When the Mrs W's reveal their secret roles in the cosmic fight against darkness, they ask the children to name some figures on Earth, a partially dark planet, who fight the darkness.
They name Jesus, and later in the discussion Buddha is named as well, both of whom are major figures in different religions.
Bailey states that conservative Christians take offense, due to the novel's potential relativistic qualities, suggesting the various interpretations of religious allusions signals anti-Christian sentiments.
According to the author's granddaughter Charlotte Jones Voiklis, the story was not a simple allegory of communism; in a three-page passage that was cut before publication, the process of domination and conformity is said to be an outcome of dictatorship under totalitarian regimes, and by an excessive desire of security under democratic countries.
Critics have celebrated L'Engle's depiction of Meg Murry, a young, precocious heroine whose curiosity and intellect helps save the world from evil.
In doing so, L'Engle has been credited for paving the way for other bright heroines, including Hermione Granger of the Harry Potter book series, as well as Katniss Everdeen of the Hunger Games trilogy.
In 2016, the novel saw a spike in sales after Chelsea Clinton mentioned it as influential in her childhood in a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.
The novel was also challenged in 1984 by an elementary school in Polk City, Florida when parents claimed that the novel promoted witchcraft.
In 2003, a television adaptation of the novel was made by a collaboration of Canadian production companies, to be distributed in the United States by Disney.
It stars Katie Stuart as Meg Murry, Alfre Woodard as Mrs. Whatsit, Alison Elliott as Mrs. Who, and Kate Nelligan as Mrs.
An adaptation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990, and returned to the stage in 1998 and 2017.
The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa, California, with productions in Bethesda, Maryland; Cincinnati; Philadelphia; Orlando; Portland, Oregon; and other cities.
An adaptation by Tracy Young premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in April 2014, as well as at colleges and theaters around the U.S.
Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion was a conflict between the United States and an American Indian confederacy led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory.
Although the war is often considered to have climaxed with William Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, Tecumseh's War essentially continued into the War of 1812, and is frequently considered a part of that larger struggle.
The war lasted for two more years, until the fall of 1813, when Tecumseh, as well as his second-in-command, Roundhead, died fighting Harrison's Army of the Northwest at the Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada, near present-day Chatham, Ontario, and his confederacy disintegrated.
Tecumseh's War is viewed by some academic historians as being the final conflict of a longer term military struggle for control of the Great Lakes region of North America, encompassing a number of wars over several generations, referred to as the Sixty Years' War.
The two principal adversaries in the conflict, Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison, had both been junior participants in the Battle of Fallen Timbers at the close of the Northwest Indian War in 1794.
Tecumseh was not among the signers of the Treaty of Greenville that had ended the war and ceded much of present-day Ohio, long inhabited by the Shawnees and other Native Americans, to the United States.
However, many Indian leaders in the region accepted the Greenville terms, and for the next ten years, pantribal resistance to American hegemony faded.
After the Treaty of Greenville, most of the Ohio Shawnees settled at the Shawnee village of Wapakoneta on the Auglaize River, where they were led by Black Hoof, a senior chief who had signed the treaty.
Little Turtle, a war chief of the Miamis, who had also participated in the earlier war and signed the Greenville Treaty, lived in his village on the Eel River.
The tribes of the region participated in several treaties, including the Treaty of Grouseland and the Treaty of Vincennes that gave and recognized American possession of most of southern Indiana.
The treaties resulted in an easing of tensions by allowing settlers into Indiana and appeasing the Indians with reimbursement for the lands the settlers were inhabiting by squatting.
In May 1805, Lenape Chief Buckongahelas, one of the most important native leaders in the region, died of either smallpox or influenza.
The surrounding tribes believed his death was caused by a form of witchcraft, and a witch-hunt ensued, leading to the death of several suspected Lenape witches.
As part of his religious teachings, Tenskwatawa urged Indians to reject European American ways, such as drinking liquor, European-style clothing, and firearms.
Numerous Indians, who were inclined to cooperate with the United States, were accused of witchcraft, and some were executed by followers of Tenskwatawa.
From his village near Greenville, Tenskwatawa compromised Black Hoof's friendly relationship with the United States, leading to rising tensions with settlers in the region.
Black Hoof and other tribal leaders began to put pressure on Tenskwatawa and his followers to leave the area to prevent the situation from escalating.
By 1808, tensions with whites and the Wapakoneta Shawnees compelled Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh to retreat further northwest and establish the village of Prophetstown near the confluence of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers, land claimed by the Miami.
Tenskwatawa's religious teachings became more widely known as they became more militant, and he attracted Native American followers from many different nations, including Shawnee, Iroquois, Chickamauga, Meskwaki, Miami, Mingo, Ojibwe, Ottawa, Kickapoo, Delaware (Lenape), Mascouten, Potawatomi, Sauk, Tutelo and Wyandot.
Tecumseh eventually emerged as the leader of the confederation, but it was built upon a foundation established by the religious appeal of his younger brother.
Prophetstown came to be the largest Native American community in the Great Lakes region and served as an important cultural and religious center.
It was an intertribal, religious stronghold along the Wabash River in Indiana for 3000 Native Americans; it was known as Prophetstown to whites.
Meanwhile, in 1800, William Henry Harrison had become the governor of the newly formed Indiana Territory, with the capital at Vincennes.
Harrison sought to secure title to Indian lands to allow for American expansion; in particular, he hoped that the Indiana Territory would attract enough white settlers so as to qualify for statehood.
To influence those groups to sell the land, Harrison decided, against the wishes of President James Madison, to first conclude a treaty with the tribes willing to sell and use them to help influence those who held out.
In the negotiations, Harrison promised large subsidies and payments to the tribes if they would cede the lands for which he was asking.
Only the Miami opposed the treaty; they presented their copy of the Treaty of Greenville and read the section that guaranteed their possession of the lands around the Wabash River.
They then explained the history of the region and how they had invited other tribes to settle in their territory as friends.
The Miami were concerned that the Wea leaders were not present, although they were the primary inhabitants of the land being sold.
Harrison agreed to make the treaty's acceptance contingent on approval by the Wea and other tribes in the territory being purchased, but he refused to purchase land by the acre.
He countered that it was better for the tribes to sell the land in tracts so as to prevent the Americans from only purchasing their best lands by the acre and leaving them only poor land on which to live.
After two weeks of negotiating, the Potawatomi leaders convinced the Miami to accept the treaty as reciprocity to the Potawatomi who had earlier accepted treaties less advantageous to them at the request of the Miami.
Finally, the Treaty of Fort Wayne was signed on September 30, 1809, selling the United States over 3,000,000 acres (about 12,000 km²), chiefly along the Wabash River north of Vincennes.
He offered the Wea an increased subsidy if the Kickapoo would also accept the treaty, causing the Wea to pressure the Kickapoo leaders to accept.
Tecumseh revived an idea advocated in previous years by the Shawnee leader Blue Jacket and the Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, which stated that American Indian land was owned in common by all tribes, and thus no land could be sold without agreement by all.
Not yet ready to confront the United States directly, Tecumseh's primary adversaries were initially the Native American leaders who had signed the treaty, and he threatened to kill them all.
Tecumseh began to expand on his brother's teachings that called for the tribes to return to their ancestral ways, and began to connect the teachings with idea of a pantribal alliance.
Harrison suspected that he was behind attempts to start an uprising, and feared that if he were able to achieve a larger tribal federation, the British would take advantage of the situation to press their claims to the Northwest.
Tecumseh insisted that the Fort Wayne treaty was illegitimate; he asked Harrison to nullify it and warned that Americans should not attempt to settle the lands sold in the treaty.
Tecumseh acknowledged to Harrison that he had threatened to kill the chiefs who signed the treaty if they carried out its terms, and that his confederation was rapidly growing.
Harrison responded to Tecumseh that the Miami were the owners of the land and could sell it if they so chose.
He also rejected Tecumseh's claim that all the Indians formed one nation, and each nation could have separate relations with the United States.
As proof, Harrison told Tecumseh that the Great Spirit would have made all the tribes to speak one language if they were to be one nation.
A Shawnee who was friendly to Harrison cocked his pistol from the sidelines to alert Harrison that Tecumseh's speech was leading to trouble.
Finally, an army lieutenant who could speak Tecumseh's language warned Harrison that he was encouraging the warriors with him to kill Harrison.
The entire town's population was only 1,000 and Tecumseh's men could have easily massacred the town, but once the few officers pulled their guns to defend Harrison, the warriors backed down.
Chief Winnemac, who was friendly to Harrison, countered Tecumseh's arguments to the warriors and instructed them that because they had come in peace, they should return in peace and fight another day.
Four settlers were murdered on the Missouri River, and in another incident, a boatload of supplies was seized by natives from a group of traders.
In August 1811, Tecumseh met with Harrison at Vincennes, assuring him that the Shawnee brothers meant to remain at peace with the United States.
Most of the southern nations rejected his appeals, but a faction among the Creeks, who came to be known as the Red Sticks, answered his call to arms, leading to the Creek War, which also became a part of the War of 1812 Tecumseh delivered many passionate speeches and convinced many to join his cause.
Tenskwatawa lifted the ban on firearms and was able to quickly procure them in large quantities from the British in Canada.
Gibson had lived among the Indians for several years and soon heard from his friends that Tecumseh had secured an alliance with the British and procured weapons.
While Tecumseh was still in the south, Governor Harrison marched his army north along the Wabash River from Vincennes with more than 1,000 men on an expedition to intimidate the Prophet and his followers.
His stated goal was to force them to accept peace, but he acknowledged that he would launch a pre-emptive attack on the natives if they refused.
While at Fort Harrison, Harrison received orders from Secretary of War William Eustis authorizing him to use force if necessary to disperse the Indians at Prophetstown.
On November 6, 1811, Harrison's army arrived outside Prophetstown, and Tenskwatawa agreed to meet Harrison in a conference to be held the next day.
Tenskwatawa, perhaps suspecting that Harrison intended to attack the village, decided to risk a pre-emptive strike, sending out about 500 of his warriors against the American encampment.
Before the dawn of the next day, the Indians attacked, but Harrison's men held their ground, and the Indians withdrew from the village after the battle.
Public outrage quickly grew and many Americans blamed the British for inciting the tribes to violence and supplying them with firearms.
Canadians would subsequently remember Tecumseh as a defender of Canada, but his actions in the War of 1812—which would cost him his life—were a continuation of his efforts to secure Native American independence from outside dominance.
Based on a true story, it tells of the Castilian hero El Cid, and takes place during the Reconquista, or reconquest of Spain from the Moors.
These poems were meant to be performed in public by minstrels (or juglares), who each performed the traditional composition differently according to the performance context—sometimes adding their own twists to the epic poems they told, or abbreviating it according to the situation.
It has been suggested that the poem, which is written in Old Spanish, is an example of the learned poetry that was cultivated in the monasteries and other centers of erudition.
However, Per Abbad puts the date 1207 after his name and current thinking is that his claim to have written the work has simply been copied along with the text of an earlier manuscript now lost.
These, however, recognize that the poem itself would not have been written immediately after the death of its titular hero since the narrative would not have been picked up if the story of the Cid did not yet attain its legendary status.
There are those who also take into consideration the emergence of the Carolingian legends, which began after 1100 since it is believed that these stories also influenced the poem.
During the period the poem was written, Arabic was still a widely used and highly regarded language in Iberia (hence the fact that modern Spanish still contains many Arabic words).
El Cid married the cousin of King Alfonso VI, Doña Ximena, but for certain reasons (according to the story, he made the king swear by Santa Gadea that he had not ordered the fratricide of his own brother), he fell into the disfavor of the king and had to leave his home country of Castile.
The story begins with the exile of El Cid, whose enemies had unjustly accused him of stealing money from the king, Alfonso VI of Castile and León, leading to his exile.
However, it also departs from historic truth: for example, there is no mention of his son, his daughters were not named Elvira and Sol and they did not become queens.
Before he leaves, he places his wife, Doña Ximena, and his two daughters, Doña Elvira and Doña Sol, in the Monastery of Cardeña.
The canto then gives accounts of raids in the Moorish territory in which Cid and his men get rich off of the spoils.
It is discovered that the Infantes (princes) de Carrión, the nephews to the king, are the enemies who caused Cid's exile.
Once on the journey, they send the escort ahead of them, steal their wives' great dowries (including two beautiful swords) and beat them and leave them for dead.
In the middle of the trial, a message is sent from the kings of Navarra and Aragon, proposing to marry their sons to Cid's daughters.
Certain aspects of the conserved text belong to a well-informed author, with precise knowledge of the law in effect by the end of the 12th century and beginning of the 13th, who knew the area bordering with Burgos.
Below, the original Old Spanish text in the first column is presented, along with the same sample in modern Spanish in the second column and an English translation in the third column.
He lies to the drafting board about his health in an attempt to avoid the war and become well-off, as the competition is drafted instead.
He is a hypochondriac who never gets ill, and is looking to avoid anything that would increase the risk to his life.
Doc Daneeka is regularly explaining to his good friend Yossarian why he cannot ground him, even though Yossarian helps him collect his flight pay without having to fly.
Doc Daneeka feels the military is responsible for his being drafted into the war effort and put in harm's way, because they were distrustful of him when he lied on his drafting papers about his health.
He is constantly scared of upsetting his superiors who may see fit to then ship him off to the far more dangerous South Pacific.
Already he sees it as military cruelty to have been assigned to the Air Corps even though he is scared of flying.
He generally shows little care for the way they run the tent, basically leaving the growing bureaucracy to decide who is ill enough to be sent to hospital, without reference to medical expertise.
This climaxes when Gus and Wes pronounce Doc Daneeka dead at the medical tent against the obvious fact that he is standing alive in front of them.
Doc Daneeka was not on board the plane, but had an arrangement with McWatt to falsely record his name on the manifest so he could collect flight pay.
He is also concerned that he will catch pneumonia from Chief White Halfoat, who is obsessed that he will soon die of pneumonia.
During Milo's bombing of the airbase and the death of Snowden, Doc Daneeka shows the compassion for others he lacks throughout the rest of the novel.
During the bombing, Doc Daneeka risks his life by attending to the wounded in the field while bombs are still falling, and after Snowden's death, he cleans up Yossarian and treats him for shock.
As the war effort drafts in more medical personnel, Doc Daneeka's surgery booms, especially with increased kickbacks from the local pharmacies and abortion referrals from the beauty parlors.
This lucrative business comes to an end when the military catch up with him after he lies to the draft board about having one leg amputated and being bed-ridden with incurable rheumatoid arthritis.
Doc finds out the girl is still a virgin and is cheeky when he asks about the medal of Saint Anthony that lies between her bosom, and the terrible temptation that this must be for Saint Anthony.
Doc Daneeka appears as a petulant man, feeling beaten by the military for losing his advantage of being one of few doctors around back home.
As a military doctor, Doc Daneeka has the ability to choose who of the pilots can be grounded from needing to fly more missions, and who must continue.
Because of Colonel Cathcart's competing attitude of increasing the missions every time the men meet the requirement, pilots with successful fruition grovel for Doc Daneeka to allow them grounding.
Since Doc Daneeka is miserably sour for losing out on his business advantage, he takes it out on the men by not grounding any.
He also vainly attempts to remove himself from the military effort; he regularly approaches Gus and Wes, his two nurses, to perform routine physical and check his temperature, which invariably remains a constant, sub-average 96.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
Those with temperatures above 102° Fahrenheit are sent to the hospital; those below 102° have their gums and toes painted purple with gentian violet solution and are given a laxative that is quickly disposed of in the bushes.
The only exception to this is Yossarian, who normally runs a temperature of 101°, but who can go to the hospital whenever he wants because he is not afraid of them.
Gus and Wes appear to represent organizational functionaries that anyone who has had the misfortune of dealing with an impersonal bureaucracy should recognize.
From bemoaning his loss of a lucrative medical business because he had lied on his drafting papers, to his complete lack of interest for those under his care that may result him being punished by is superiors if he did care.
Also he shows compassion to Yossarian after the death of Snowden over Avignon, by covering him in a blanket and cleaning up Snowden’s blood from Yossarian’s clothes.
Catch-22 cannot be beaten though, as the grounding orders are short-lived as they are rescinded by higher authorities and the soldiers are put back on duty.
There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind.
All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions.
Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he was sane he had to fly them.
If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to.
One of his requisites of being an Air Corps doctor includes logging four hours per month of flight time in order to earn his flight pay.
Since Doc Daneeka experiences fears of flight, he gets Yossarian to convince McWatt to add his name to his flight roster so that his hours are recorded, yet he does not need to leave the ground.
Since McWatt's flight roster included Doc Daneeka's name, the military blindly assumes and pronounces that Doc Daneeka also died on the flight.
The irony, that Doc Daneeka was standing next to the Sergeant Knight who affirmed this tragedy, is further enforced when Doc Daneeka continues to argue that he did not die.
Corporal Whitcomb develops the idea of writing and sending home form letters of condolence from Colonel Cathcart to those who died or went missing in combat.
To cover all circumstances, the letter reads as a vague letter that could imply any type of death of any form of relative.
Doc Daneeka, enraged with the thickheadedness of the military, writes home two letters to his wife, Mrs Daneeka, addressed by himself.
The book makes note that she and her children move to a new place; she leaves no forwarding address, and no further reference of her existence throughout the rest of the story.
Doc Daneeka's last appearance in the story is in his tent with Yossarian and Chief White Halfoat, who is about to go up to the hospital to die of pneumonia.
Doc Daneeka's bureaucratic death parallels one of the main themes of the book that the bureaucratic system holds an impersonal attitude toward those who do not hold power in the higher echelons of the military branch (colonels and generals).
The government goes so far to shield the military through political correctness on paper trails as to ignore the blatant, visual proof that Doc Daneeka did not die.
While he still is the one who informs Yossarian about Catch-22, he is not mistaken for being dead and actually does try to help him out in getting sent home, though this fails.
The base's population contributed in part to Glyfada's character, leading to a unique blend of Greek and American atmosphere and cuisine.
Although the base is now gone and the school relocated, Glyfada still retains part of its American flavour while continuing to offer distinctly Greek cuisine, entertainment and nightlife.
Glyfada was established as the heart of Athens' southern suburbs, because of its prime waterfront location, rich commercial centre, and modern business district.
It has been described as the headpoint of the 'Athens Riviera' and features some of Europe's most opulent seafront residences, gardens and extensive beachfront property, with a modern marina.
The town hall is located at the center of the municipality; nearby, Glyfada’s shopping district has one of the most vibrant and diversified commercial centres of Athens' neighbourhoods, with a collection ranging across specialist and designer boutiques.
Its proximity to a succession of beaches and a concentrated seaside club scene also greatly increases the number of visitors during the summer months.
The area’s shopping district runs across Metaxa Avenue and Grigoriou Labraki Street while both the offices of major businesses and shopping areas also dot the Avenues Vouliagmenis, Gounari and Gennimata.
Glyfada is connected to central Athens via two major avenues (Poseidonos Avenue and Vouliagmenis Avenue) and a tram line operated by STASY S.A which goes across the seaside next to Poseidonos Avenue.
At the second round, 54.79% of the votes were for Thanasis Papakostas, who was the mayor of Glyfada for the 2006-2010 period.
It was published by Tor Books and released on October 15, 1994, and was nominated for the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1995.
The deposed Queen of Andor, Morgase Trakand, goes to Amadicia for aid in returning to the throne; but is taken captive by the Lord Captain Commander of the Children of the Light, Pedron Niall.
In response to amnesty on male channelers by Rand al'Thor, Mazrim Taim swears allegiance to him, and is assigned to train Asha'man at the Black Tower.
Rand is diplomatically courted by both the rebel Aes Sedai in Salidar, who send an envoy to Caemlyn, and the Aes Sedai of the White Tower, who send an envoy to Cairhien.
Wrongly thinking the Salidar Aes Sedai few and cowed, Rand sends Mat Cauthon to retrieve Elayne Trakand and win the allegiance of the rebel Aes Sedai.
At the end of the battle, the rebel Aes Sedai are forced to swear fealty to the Dragon Reborn while the surviving White Tower Aes Sedai remain captives.
The Shaido have betrayed the Aes Sedai and have surrounded a group of wagons on which the Aes Sedai are situated, and are trying unsuccessfully to overwhelm its defenders to kidnap Rand al'Thor for themselves when the Pro Rand forces arrive.
The Two Rivers men, Cairhienin, Aiel and Winged Guards are to charge down into the valley after an attack of wolves, with Perrin at their head.
The Pro-Rand forces fight their way in, but against far superior numbers they're only able to penetrate so far before they can go no further.
Rand then continues knocking unconscious and shielding more Tower Aes Sedai from within their lines, weakening their defence against the Shaido and their Wise Ones.
She tells Gawyn that his sister Elayne Trakand loves Rand; Gawyn, believing rumors that say Rand killed his mother, swears that he will see Rand die one day before wheeling away and retreating with his Younglings.
He hopes that his allies who are outside of the dome will see what is happening, and get away before they get hurt.
The Shaido Aiel who are now within the dome are then killed as they literally explode when the Asha'mans' weaves touch them.
However, Rand is angered that the Salidar Aes Sedai disobeyed his orders in bringing more than the allotted number of sisters, offers them the choice of being treated like the Tower Aes Sedai, kept prisoner by the Asha'man or swearing an oath of fealty to him.
At a time when medicine lacked tools to investigate underlying causes of many diseases, labeling with an eponym alleviated the necessity to list each system or symptom involved in the disease component while affording assurance that all were discussing the same symptom cluster.
Some diseases are named for the person who first described the condition—typically by publishing an article in a respected medical journal.
In one instance, Machado–Joseph disease, the eponym is derived from the surnames of two families in which the condition was initially described.
These include Miss Havisham syndrome, named for a Dickens character, and Plyushkin syndrome, named for a Gogol's character; the two also happen to be alternative names for the same symptom complex.
At least two eponymous disorders follow none of the foregoing conventions: Fregoli delusion, named for an actor whose character shifts mimicked delusions experienced by those affected; and Munchausen syndrome, named for a literary allusion to an individual whose personal habits were suggestive of symptoms exhibited by those with the syndrome.
Disease naming structures which reference place names, such as (Bornholm disease, Lyme disease, Ebola virus disease), or societies, as in the case of Legionnaires' disease, are not eponyms.
Associating an individual's name with a disease merely based on describing it confers only an eponymic; the individual must have been either affected by the disease or have died from it for the name to be termed autoeponymic.
Thus, an 'autoeponym' is a medical condition named in honor of an individual who was affected by or died as a result of the disease which he had described or identified or, in the case of a non-physician patient, from which the patient suffered.
Autoeponyms may use either the possessive or non-possessive form, with the preference to use the non-possessive form for a disease named for a physician who first described it and the possessive form in cases of a disease named for a patient (commonly, but not always, the first patient) who had the particular disease.
The current trend is away from the use of eponymous disease names, towards a medical name that describes either the cause or primary signs.
In these instances, each is listed individually (except as described below), followed by an in-line parenthetical entry beginning 'aka' ('also known as') that lists all alternative eponyms.
This facilitates use of the list for a reader who knows a particular disease only by one of its eponyms, without the necessity of cross-linking entries.
It sometimes happens that an alternative eponym, if listed separately, would immediately alphabetically precede or succeed another entry for the same disease.
Built in 1875, the boat lift was in use for over 100 years until it was closed in 1983 due to corrosion.
It is one of only two working boat lifts in the United Kingdom; the other is the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland.
Completion of the River Weaver Navigation in 1734 provided a navigable route for transporting salt from Winsford, through Northwich, to Frodsham, where the Weaver joins the River Mersey.
In 1759 the second Weaver Navigation Act appointed the Trustees of the Weaver Navigation and gave them responsibility for maintaining and operating the route.
The opening of the Trent and Mersey Canal in 1777 provided a second route close to the Weaver Navigation for part of its length, but extended further south to the coal mining and pottery industries around Stoke-on-Trent.
Rather than competing with each other the owners of the two waterways decided it would be more profitable to work together.
In 1793 a basin was excavated on the north bank of the Weaver at Anderton that took the river to the foot of the escarpment of the canal - above.
Facilities were built to trans-ship goods between the waterways including two cranes, two salt chutes and an inclined plane that was possibly inspired by the much larger Hay Inclined Plane at Coalport.
The facilities were extended when a second quay was built in 1801 and a second entrance to the basin was constructed in 1831.
By 1870 the Anderton Basin was a major interchange for trans-shipping goods in both directions, with extensive warehousing, three double inclined planes and four salt chutes.
Trans-shipment was time-consuming and expensive, and the Trustees of the Weaver Navigation decided a link between the waterways was needed to allow boats to pass directly from one to the other.
A flight of locks was considered but discarded, mainly because of the lack of a suitable site and the loss of water that would have resulted from using them.
The Trustees approached the North Staffordshire Railway Company, owners of the Trent and Mersey Canal, to ask for a contribution towards the cost.
He settled on a design involving a pair of water-filled caissons that would counterbalance one another and require relatively little power to lift boats up and down.
A similar boat lift on the Grand Western Canal, completed in 1835, used chains to connect the caissons via an overhead balance wheel.
Leader Williams realised that if he used water-filled hydraulic rams to support the caissons their weight would be borne by the rams and their cylinders, buried underground and a much lighter superstructure could be used.
He may have been inspired by inspecting a hydraulic ship lift and graving dock at the Royal Victoria Dock in London, designed by experienced hydraulic engineer Edwin Clark.
At that time the Anderton Basin consisted of a cut on the north bank of the Weaver surrounding a small central island.
The wrought iron caissons were long by wide by deep, and could each accommodate two narrowboats or a barge with a beam of up to .
Each caisson weighed when empty and when full of water (because of displacement, the weight is the same with or without boats).
Each caisson was supported by a single hydraulic ram consisting of a hollow long cast iron vertical piston with a diameter of , in a buried long cast iron vertical cylinder with a diameter of .
Above ground the superstructure consisted of seven hollow cast iron columns which provided guide rails for the caissons and supported an upper working platform, walkways and access staircase.
At the upper level the boat lift was connected to the Trent and Mersey canal via a long wrought iron aqueduct, with vertical wrought iron gates at either end.
In normal operation the cylinders of the hydraulic rams were connected by a diameter pipe that allowed water to pass between them, thus lowering the heavier caisson and raising the lighter one.
To make adjustments at the start and end of a lift either cylinder could be operated independently, powered by an accumulator or pressure vessel at the top of the lift structure, which was kept primed by a steam engine.
If necessary, the steam engine and accumulator could operate either hydraulic ram independently to raise the caissons, although in this mode it took about 30 minutes to raise a caisson, as opposed to three minutes in normal operation.
In July 1872 Royal Assent was granted for the Weaver Navigation 1872 Act, which authorised the construction of the boat lift.
For five years the boat lift operated successfully, the longest closures being during spells of cold weather when the canal froze over.
In 1882 a cast iron hydraulic cylinder burst while the caisson it supported was at canal level with a boat in it.
The caisson descended rapidly, but water escaping from the burst cylinder slowed the rate of descent and the water-filled dock at river level softened the impact.
As a result the boat lift was closed for six months while sections of both cylinders were replaced and the connecting pipework, which was thought to have contributed to their failure, was redesigned.
The volume of traffic through the lift grew steadily through the 1880s and 90s but the hydraulic cylinders continued to cause problems.
The gland of one cylinder (where the piston travelled through the cylinder wall) was temporarily repaired in 1887 and replaced in 1891, and the gland of the other cylinder was replaced in 1894.
Attempts to repair the grooves with copper made matters worse as it reacted electrolytically with the acidic canal water and hastened corrosion of the surrounding iron.
In 1897 the lift was converted to use distilled water as its working fluid, slowing corrosion, but not stopping it completely.
Over the next few years maintenance and repairs took place with increasing frequency, requiring complete closure of the lift for several weeks or a period of reduced and slower operation with a single caisson.
By 1904 the Weaver Navigation Trustees faced the prospect of closing the boat lift for a considerable period to repair the hydraulic rams.
Saner proposed electric motors and a system of counterweights and overhead pulleys that would allow the caissons to operate independently of each other.
Although this solution involved many more moving parts than the hydraulic system these would be above ground and accessible thus making maintenance easier and cheaper and have a longer working life.
Other advantages of the conversion listed by Saner included a reduction in the number of operating attendants by one and the avoidance of costly boiler repairs.
As a result, the weight of the caissons and counterweights would now be borne by the lift superstructure instead of by the rams.
The new superstructure was built around the original lift frame in order to avoid the need to dismantle the original lift, which would have taken it out of service for a long period.
The new superstructure consisted of ten steel A-frames, five on each side, supporting a machinery deck 60 ft (18 m) above the river level where the electric motors, drive shafts and cast-iron headgear pulleys were mounted.
Wire ropes attached to both sides of each caisson passed over the pulleys to 36 cast iron counterweights weighing each, 18 on each side to balance the weight of each loaded caisson.
In addition to the new foundations and superstructure, the wet dock at river level was also converted into a dry dock and the aqueduct between the lift and the canal was strengthened.
As Saner had promised, the lift was only closed for three periods during these two years, for a total of 49 days.
The converted lift was formally opened on 29 July 1908 (although one caisson had been carrying traffic on electrical power since May 1908 while the second caisson was converted).
Regular maintenance was still necessary; for example, the wire ropes supporting the caissons suffered from fatigue from the repeated bending and straightening as they ran over the overhead pulleys and had to be replaced frequently.
Maintenance was also less expensive because the caissons were now designed to be run independently, allowing most maintenance to be carried out while one caisson remained operational and thus avoiding the need to close the lift entirely.
During 1941 and 1942 the hydraulic rams of the original lift, which had been left in place in a shaft beneath the dry dock, were removed to salvage the iron.
The new superstructure was susceptible to corrosion and the entire lift was painted with a protective solution of tar and rubber that had to be renewed every eight years or so.
It was originally intended to restore the lift to electrical operation but after consultation with English Heritage, in 1997 it was decided to restore the lift to hydraulic operation using hydraulic oil.
To raise the £7 million restoration cost, a partnership was forged between the Waterways Trust, the Inland Waterways Association, the Anderton Boat Lift Trust, the Friends of Anderton Boat Lift, the Association of Waterways Cruising Clubs, British Waterways and the Trent and Mersey Canal Society.
The site now includes a two-storey visitor centre and exhibition building with a coffee shop and information and films about the history of the lift.
Although a modified version of the original hydraulic system was reinstated, the 1906–08 external frame and pulleys have been retained in a non-operational role.
The weights that used to counterbalance the caissons were not rehung, but have been used to build a maze in the grounds of the visitor centre.
The Anderton Boat Lift Trust is a waterway society in Cheshire, England, UK, and a member of the partnership to restore the Anderton Boat Lift near Northwich on the Weaver Navigation.
The Anderton Boat Lift, also known as 'The Cathedral of the Canals' or the 'Eiffel Tower of the Waterways', was built in 1875 to transport boats 50 feet from the Trent and Mersey Canal to the River Weaver.
The Anderton Boat Lift Trust was launched in October 1993; it had been campaigning for the restoration of the lift, and succeeded in bringing together all sectors of society.
In its first summer season, the lift saw over 100,000 visitors, 800 boats passing through, and 16,000 taking a ride on the tripboat.
The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899), by Thorstein Veblen, is a treatise on economics and a detailed, social critique of conspicuous consumption, as a function of social class and of consumerism, derived from the social stratification of people and the division of labour, which are social institutions of the feudal period (9th–15th c.) that have continued to the modern era.
The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899) presents the evolutionary development of human institutions (social and economic) that shape society, such as how the citizens earn their livelihoods, wherein technology and the industrial arts are the creative forces of economic production.
That such production of goods and services was not merely the means of meeting the material needs of society, but of earning profits for the owners of the means of production.
That the industrial production system required the workers (men and women) to be diligent, efficient, and co-operative, whilst the owners (businessmen and businesswomen) concerned themselves with making money and with the public display of their accumulated wealth; and that such behaviours (conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure) survived from the predatory, barbarian past of the tribal stage of modern society.
The sociology and economics applied by Veblen show the dynamic, intellectual influences of Charles Darwin and Karl Marx, Adam Smith and Herbert Spencer; thus, his theories of socio-economics emphasize evolution and development as characteristics of human institutions.
Therefore, Veblen criticised contemporary (19th-century) economic theories as intellectually static and hedonistic, and said that economists should take accounts of how people behave, socially and culturally, rather than rely upon the abstractions of theoretic deduction to explain the economic behaviours of society.
Whereas neoclassical economics define people as rational agents who seek utility and maximal pleasure from their economic activities, Veblen perceived people as irrational, economic agents who pursue social status and the prestige inherent to a place in society (class and economic stratum) with little regard to their own happiness.
That conspicuous consumption did not constitute social progress, because American economic development was unduly influenced by the static economics of the British aristocracy; therefore, conspicuous consumption was an un-American activity contrary to the country's dynamic culture of individualism.
Critics of his reportage about the sociology and economics of the consumer society that is the U.S. especially disliked the satiric tone of his literary style, and said that Thorstein Veblen's cultural perspective had been negatively influenced by his boyhood in a Norwegian American community of practical, thrifty, and utilitarian people who endured anti-immigrant prejudices in the course of integration to American society.
Thorstein Veblen's anthropological examples indicate that many economic behaviours of contemporary society derive from corresponding tribal-society behaviors, wherein men and women practiced the division of labour according to their status group; high-status people practiced hunting and warfare, which are economically unproductive occupations, whilst low-status people practiced farming and manufacturing, which are economically productive occupations.
Moreover, it was socially unimportant that low-status, productive occupations (tinker, tailor, chandler) were of greater economic value to society than were high-status, unproductive occupations (the profession of arms, the clergy, banking, etc.
); nonetheless, for the sake of social cohesion, the leisure class occasionally performed productive work that contributed to the functioning of society, yet, such work was more symbolic participation in the economy, than it was practical economic production.
In exercising political control, the leisure class retained their high social-status by direct and indirect coercion, by reserving for themselves the profession of arms, and so withheld weapons and military skills from the lower social classes.
Such a division of labour (economic utility) rendered the lower classes dependent upon the leisure class, and so established, justified, and perpetuated the role of the leisure class as the defenders of society against natural and supernatural enemies, because the clergy also belonged to the leisure class.
In the event, contemporary society did not psychologically supersede the tribal-stage division of labour, but merely evolved different forms of said division-of-labour-by-status.
During the Mediæval period (5th c. – 15th c.) only land-owning noblemen had the right to hunt and to bear arms as soldiers; status and income were parallel.
To attain, retain, and gain greater social status within their social class, low-status people emulate the respected, high-status members of their socio-economic class, by consuming over-priced brands of goods and services perceived to be products of better quality, and thus of a higher social-class.
In striving for greater social status, people buy high-status products (goods and services) which they cannot afford, despite the availability of affordable products that are perceived as of lower quality and lesser social-prestige, and thus of a lower social-class.
In a consumer society, the businessman was the latest member of the leisure class, a barbarian who used his prowess (business acumen) and competitive skills (marketing) to increase profits, by manipulating the supply and the demand among the social classes and their strata, for the same products at different prices.
silver flatware, custom-made clothes, an over-sized house); and conspicuous leisure is the application of extended time to the pursuit of pleasure (physical and intellectual), such as sport and the fine arts.
Therefore, such physical and intellectual pursuits display the freedom of the rich man and woman from having to work in an economically productive occupation.
The modern industrial society developed from the barbarian tribal society, which featured a leisure class supported by subordinated working classes employed in economically productive occupations.
The leisure class is composed of people exempted from manual work and from practicing economically productive occupations, because they belong to the leisure class.
As such, the material consumption of the leisure class has little to do with either comfort or subsistence, and much to do with social esteem from the community, and thus with self-respect.
Among the lower social-classes, a man’s reputation as a diligent, efficient, and productive worker is the highest form of pecuniary emulation of the leisure class available to him in society.
Theoretically, the consumption of luxury products (goods and services) is limited to the leisure class, because the working classes have other, more important, things and activities on which to spend their limited income, their wages.
In that emulation of the leisure class, social manners are a result of the non-productive, consumption of time by the upper social classes; thus the social utility of conspicuous consumption and of conspicuous leisure lies in their wastefulness of time and resources.
In a society of industrialised production (of goods and services), the habitual consumption of products establishes a person's standard of living; therefore, it is more difficult to do without products than it is to continually add products to one's way of life.
In a consumer society, the function of clothes is to define the wearer as a man or a woman who belongs to a given social class, not for protection from the environment.
Clothing also indicates that the wearer’s livelihood does not depend upon economically productive labour, such as farming and manufacturing, which activities require protective clothing.
Moreover, the symbolic function of clothes indicates that the wearer belongs to the leisure class, and can afford to buy new clothes when the fashion changes.
Politically, the leisure class maintain their societal dominance, by retaining out-dated aspects of the political economy; thus, their opposition to socio-economic progressivism to the degree that they consider political conservatism and political reaction as honorific features of the leisure class.
To rise in society, a person from a lower class emulates the characteristics of the desired upper class; he or she assumes the habits of economic consumption and social attitudes (archaic traits of demeanour in speech, dress, and manners).
In pursuit of social advancement, and concomitant social prestige, the man and the woman who rid themselves of scruple and honesty will more readily rise into a stratum of the leisure class.
As owners of the means of production, the leisure class benefit from, but do not work in, the industrial community, and do not materially contribute to the commonweal (the welfare of the public) but do consume the goods and services produced by the working classes.
As such, the individual success (social and economic) of a person derives from his or her astuteness and ferocity, which are character traits nurtured by the pecuniary culture of the consumer society.
Within the social strata of the leisure class, the belief in luck is greater in the matter of sport (wherein physical prowess does matter) because of personal pride, and the concomitant social prestige; hence, gambling is a display of conspicuous consumption and of conspicuous leisure.
The existence, function, and practice of religion in a socially-stratified society, is a form of abstract conspicuous consumption for and among the members of the person’s community, of devotion to the value system that justifies the existence of his or her social class.
The clergy and the women who are members of the leisure class function as objects of vicarious leisure, thus, it is morally impossible for them to work and productively contribute to society.
As such, maintaining a high social-class is more important for a woman of the leisure class, than it is for a man of the leisure class.
In a consumer society, how a woman spends her time and what activities she does with her time communicate the social standing of her husband, her family, and her social class.
Education (academic, technical, religious) is a form of conspicuous leisure, because it does not directly contribute to the economy of society.
That, unlike Marx, who recognised capitalism as superior to feudalism in providing products (goods and services) for mass consumption, Veblen did not recognise that distinction, because capitalism was economic barbarism, and that goods and services produced for conspicuous consumption are fundamentally worthless.
That, despite social classes being alike in most stratified societies, the novelty of the American social-class system was that the leisure class had only recently appeared in U.S. history.
That in his person and personality, the social scientist Thorstein Veblen was neglectful of his grooming and tended to be disheveled; that he suffered social intolerance for being an intellectual and an agnostic in a society of superstitious and anti-intellectual people, and so tended to curtness with less intelligent folk.
Among the arguments are Veblen's dismissal of the rational-expectation theories that predominate classical economics, and that the American leisure-class risk becoming irrelevant to the economy if they do not work.
The historian of economics Robert Heilbroner said that Veblen's social and economic theories were valid for the American Gilded Age (ca.
The analytical application of the conspicuous-consumption construct to the business and economic functions of advertising explains why the lower social-classes do not experience social upward mobility in their societies, despite being the productive classes of their economies.
Bearsden and Milngavie (Cille Phàdraig Ùr agus Muileann Dhaibhidh in Scottish Gaelic) was formerly (1975–96) one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland, north of the City of Glasgow.
The district was formed by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 from the areas of the burghs of Bearsden and Milngavie and part of Old Kilpatrick District, all in the county of Dunbartonshire.
In 1996 the district was abolished by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994; its area was combined with most of that of Strathkelvin district to form the East Dunbartonshire unitary council area.
George Granville Barker (26 February 1913 – 27 October 1991) was an English poet, identified with the New Apocalyptics movement, which reacted against 1930s realism with mythical and surrealistic themes.
In his early twenties, Barker had already been published by T. S. Eliot at Faber and Faber, who also helped him to gain appointment as Professor of English Literature in 1939 at Tohoku University (Sendai, Miyagi, Japan).
He then travelled to the United States where he began his longtime liaison with writer Elizabeth Smart, by whom he had four of his fifteen children.
The area of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth was merged with those of Monklands and Motherwell Districts and the Chryston and Auchinloch areas of Strathkelvin District to form the North Lanarkshire council area.
The Tupolev Tu-4 (; NATO reporting name: Bull) is a piston-engined Soviet strategic bomber that served the Soviet Air Force from the late 1940s to mid-1960s.
Toward the end of World War II, the Soviet Union saw the need for a strategic bombing capability similar to that of the United States Army Air Forces.
However, on four occasions during 1944, individual B-29s made emergency landings in Soviet territory and one crashed after the crew bailed out.
In accordance with the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviets were neutral in the Pacific War and the bombers were therefore interned and kept by the Soviets.
One B-29 was dismantled, the second was used for flight tests and training, and the third one was left as a standard for cross-reference.
The aircraft included one Boeing-Wichita −5-BW, two Boeing-Wichita −15-BWs and the wreckage of one Boeing-Renton −1-BN – three different models from two different production lines (at the Wichita and Renton factories).
The fourth B-29 was returned to the US along with its crew with the end of the Russo-Japanese entente following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan two days after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, in accordance with the Yalta agreement.
Stalin told Tupolev to clone the Superfortress in as short a time as possible instead of continuing with his own comparable ANT-64/Tu-10.
The reverse-engineering effort involved 900 factories and research institutes, which finished the design work during the first year; 105,000 drawings were made.
By the end of the second year, the Soviet industry was to produce 20 copies of the aircraft, ready for State acceptance trials.
Extensive re-engineering had to take place to compensate for the differences, and Soviet official strength margins had to be decreased to avoid further redesign, yet despite these challenges, the prototype Tu-4 weighed only about more than the B-29, a difference of less than 1%.
The engineers and suppliers of components were under pressure from Tupolev, Stalin, and the government to create an exact clone of the original B-29 to facilitate production and Tupolev had to overcome substantial resistance in favor of using equipment that was not only already in production but in some cases better than the American version.
Kerber, Tupolev's deputy at the time, recalled in his memoirs that engineers needed authorization from a high-ranking general to use Soviet-made parachutes.
Differences were limited to the engines, the defensive weapons, the radio (a later model used in lend-lease B-25s was used in place of the radio in the interned B-29s) and the identification friend or foe (IFF) system – the American IFF being unsuitable.
The Soviet Shvetsov ASh-73 engine was a development of the Wright R-1820 but was not otherwise related to the B-29's Wright R-3350 The ASh-73 also powered some of Aeroflot's remaining obsolescent Petlyakov Pe-8 airframes, a much earlier Soviet four-engined heavy bomber whose production was curtailed by higher priority programs.
The B-29's remote-controlled gun turrets were redesigned to accommodate the Soviet Nudelman NS-23, a harder hitting and longer ranged 23 mm cannon.
Additional changes were made as a result of problems encountered during testing, related to engine and propeller failures and equipment changes were made throughout the aircraft's service life.
Entry into service of the Tu-4 threw the USAF into a panic, since the Tu-4 possessed sufficient range to attack Chicago or Los Angeles on a one-way mission, and this may have informed the maneuvers and air combat practice conducted by US and British air forces in 1948 involving fleets of B-29s.
The tests were conducted by the RAF Central Fighter Establishment and co-operative US B-29 groups, and involved demonstration of recommended methods of attack against B-29/Tu 4-type bombers using RAF Gloster Meteor and de Havilland Vampire jet fighters.
The Russians developed four different midair refueling systems to extend the bomber's range, but these were fitted to only a few aircraft and only a small number of the final design was installed on operational aircraft before the Tu-4 was superseded by the Tu-16.
The aircraft was first displayed during a flyover at the Aviation Day parade on 3 August 1947 at the Tushino Airport in Moscow.
It was assumed that these were merely the three B-29 bombers that were known to have been diverted to the USSR during World War II.
A total of 847 Tu-4s had been built when production ended in the Soviet Union in 1952, some going to China during the later 1950s.
Tu-4s were withdrawn in the 1960s, being replaced by more advanced aircraft including the Tupolev Tu-16 jet bomber (starting in 1954) and the Tupolev Tu-95 turboprop bomber (starting in 1956).
By the beginning of the 1960s, the only Tu-4s still operated by the Soviets were used for transport or airborne laboratory purposes.
In 1954 the Soviets began phasing out the Tu-4 as units upgraded to Tupolev Tu-16 bombers and, beginning in 1956, to Tupolev Tu-95 bombers.
On 28 February 1953, Joseph Stalin gave China ten Tu-4 heavy bombers，and in 1960 two additional aircraft configured as navigational trainers arrived in Beijing.
She was the first ship in the United States Navy to feature the auto loading Mark 16 8-inch/55 caliber gun, which was the first of its type in the world.
She became the first of her class to mount the semi-automatic Mark 16 8-inch turrets and carry the new Sikorsky HO3S-1 utility helicopters in place of seaplanes.
Annually between 1949 and 1957 she deployed to the Mediterranean, during the first seven years serving as flagship for the 6th Task Fleet (known as the 6th Fleet from 1950).
In 1952, and each year from 1954 to 1957, she carried midshipmen for summer training cruises, crossing to Northern European ports on the first four cruises.
On 18 February 1958, she cleared Norfolk for the Mediterranean once more, this time to remain as flagship for the 6th Fleet until July 1961 when was placed out of commission in reserve.
After decommissioning in 1961 she was mothballed in the South Boston Naval Annex and eventually laid up in the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility at Philadelphia in maintained reserve.
In 1981 the United States Congress directed that the Navy conduct a survey to determine if she and sister ship could be reactivated (in lieu of two ) to support the 600-ship Navy proposed by the Reagan Administration.
The study concluded that while both ships would be useful in the active fleet, there was not enough deck space to add the modern weapons systems (Tomahawk cruise missiles, Harpoon anti-ship missiles, Phalanx CIWS mounts, radars and communication systems) that the ships would need to operate in a 1980s environment.
After an attempt to turn her into a museum ship in Milwaukee, Wisconsin failed, she was sold in 2005, and then towed to Brownsville, Texas, for scrapping.
Two of her dual 5-inch/38 gun mounts were donated to the museum in Corpus Christi, Texas, where they can now be seen on display.
Cumnock and Doon Valley () was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland from 1973 to 1996.
Launched on 13 August 1944 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey, sponsored by Mrs. Alexander C. Murray, wife of the mayor of Fall River; and commissioned on 1 July 1945, Captain David Stolz Crawford in command.
The cruiser was assigned to JTF 1, organized to conduct Operation Crossroads, atomic weapons tests in the Marshall Islands in the summer of 1946.
To prepare for this duty, Fall River sailed to San Pedro, California, where from 16 February to 6 March she was altered to provide flagship accommodations.
Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 17 March, she embarked Rear Admiral Frank G. Fahrion, commander of the target vessel's group for the tests, and with him sailed in the Marshalls between 21 May and 14 September.
She was launched on 25 January 1944 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation of San Francisco, California, sponsored by Mrs. R. A. Pitcher.
On 24 August, she took station off Nii Shima to serve as rescue ship and homing station for transport planes carrying occupation troops to Japan.
From 10 to 15 September, she lay in Tokyo Bay, then sailed with a carrier task force to provide air and sea surveillance of Central Honshū until 21 September.
The cruiser made a voyage from Japan to Eniwetok, then loaded homeward bound servicemen at Yokosuka on 13 October, bringing them into San Francisco Bay on 28 November.
Helvellyn is the third-highest point both in England and in the Lake District, and access to Helvellyn is easier than to the two higher peaks of Scafell Pike and Sca Fell.
Helvellyn was one of the earliest fells to prove popular with walkers and explorers; beginning especially in the later 18th century.
Among the early visitors to Helvellyn were the poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, both of whom lived nearby at one period.
However, traversing the mountain is not without dangers; over the last two hundred years there have been a number of fatalities.
The artist Charles Gough is more famous for his death on Striding Edge in 1805 than for what he achieved in his life.
Among many human feats upon the mountain, one of the strangest was the landing and take-off of a small aeroplane on the summit in 1926.
Since early 2018 the summit of Helvellyn including both Striding and Swirral Edges and the wider Glenridding Common are now managed by the John Muir Trust, a wild places conservation charity under a three year lease with the Lake District Park Authority.
The volcanic rocks of which the mountain is made were formed in the caldera of an ancient volcano, many of them in violently explosive eruptions, about 450 million years ago during the Ordovician period.
Since the end of the last ice age, small populations of arctic-alpine plants have survived in favourable spots on rock ledges high in the eastern coves.
Mineral veins, some with deposits of the lead ore galena, do exist within Helvellyn's rocks, but attempts to find sufficient quantities of lead to be worth mining have not been successful.
The top of Helvellyn is a broad plateau, trending roughly from north-west to south-east for about a kilometre between Lower Man and the start of Striding Edge.
To the west the ground drops gently at first but then more steeply down to Thirlmere, while on the eastern side three deep glacial coves, each backed by high cliffs, are separated by two spectacular sharp ridges or arêtes.
Like much of the main ridge of the range, Helvellyn stands on the watershed between Thirlmere and the Derwent river system to the west, and Ullswater and the Eden river system to the east.
Streams on the west side drain directly into Thirlmere, apart from Helvellyn Gill which flows into a parallel valley to the east of Great How and empties into St John's Beck.
However, when Thirlmere reservoir was built, a leat was constructed to capture the water of Helvellyn Gill, so that it is now directed into the reservoir.
A never-failing spring called Brownrigg Well exists below the summit of Helvellyn, about due west of the highest point, at the head of Whelpside Gill.
In the nineteenth century a leat was constructed to direct the water of this spring into the gill to its north to serve the needs of the Helvellyn Mine further down.
The gill it led to is not named on any map, but some authors have referred to it as Mines Gill.
Whelp Side, between Whelpside Gill and Mines Gill, appears as a distinct shoulder of the mountain when seen from the west, largely grassy though with a few crags and boulders in places, and with coniferous plantations on its lower slopes which were planted to stabilise the land around the reservoir.
North of Mines Gill are the Helvellyn Screes, a more craggy stretch of hillside, beneath the north-west ridge, with a loose scree covering in places.
Water from Brown Cove and Red Tarn unite below Catstye Cam to form Glenridding Beck, which flows through Glenridding village to the lake, while Nethermost Cove drains into the same lake via Grisedale Beck and Patterdale village.
Red Tarn, enclosed between Striding Edge and Swirral Edge, is about deep, but in the mid-nineteenth century a dam was built to increase its capacity and supply the needs of the Greenside Mine near Glenridding.
It contains brown trout and schelly, a species of whitefish found in only four bodies of water in the Lake District.
A second reservoir was built around 1860 in Brown Cove, between Swirral Edge and Lower Man, along with one further down the valley in Keppel Cove.
The north-west ridge continues from Lower Man over Browncove Crags, becoming almost insignificant when it reaches the shore of Thirlmere, yet still separating the valley of Helvellyn Gill from the reservoir, before finally rising again to the wooded height of Great How at its terminus.
The north ridge, the main ridge of the range, also descends from Lower Man, passing over White Side and Raise to Sticks Pass, then over Stybarrow Dodd and Great Dodd to terminate at Clough Head.
The north-east ridge is known as Swirral Edge, a sharp arête which joins the summit ridge at a point half-way along, and which terminates in the shapely pyramid of Catstye Cam.
It passes over the subsidiary top of High Spying How and leads to Birkhouse Moor before descending to its final top, Keldas, beside the south end of Ullswater.
The south ridge continues the main ridge of the Helvellyn range over Nethermost Pike, High Crag and Dollywagon Pike to terminate at Grisedale Tarn.
The former county boundary between Cumberland and Westmorland lay along the Helvellyn Ridge; this meant that the summit of Helvellyn was the highest point in Westmorland, making it a Historic County Top.
The whole of Helvellyn, above the conifer plantations to the west and the walls surrounding the valleys of Glenridding and Grisedale to the east, is Open Access land.
Routes up Helvellyn can begin from the villages of Glenridding or Patterdale to the east, Grasmere to the south, or from a number of places along the A591 road to the west, and can follow any of the mountain's five ridges, or the ridges of its neighbours, as well as some of the gills and shoulders on the west side of the range.
Striding Edge is a popular route which involves some scrambling, linking the summit ridge of Birkhouse Moor to Helvellyn's summit by what becomes a sharp arête.
Hole-in-the-Wall used to be a prominent gap in the stone wall on the top of the ridge where a gate was missing.
From here the initial part of the ridge is relatively rounded and has a solid path running along the right-hand side.
At this point a narrow path continues close to the top of the ridge, which becomes increasingly narrow, and scramblers will often follow the very top of the arête.
The path on the right-hand side continues until near the end of the ridge where it switches over to the left-hand side.
Scramblers who continue on the top of the ridge are forced to descend an awkward short gully down from the final rock tower to rejoin the path.
Reaching the summit plateau involves a steep walk or scramble up about of rough rocky terrain, known as The Abyss by W. A. Poucher, author of a popular series of mountain guide books between 1940 and the late 1960s.
In winter conditions the climb from Striding Edge up to the summit plateau can involve crossing steep icy ground and a snow cornice, and can be the most dangerous part of the walk.
Over the August Bank Holiday weekend in 2017, Patterdale Mountain Rescue attended a fatal fall from Striding Edge on the Saturday and helped rescue a seriously injured walker and his dog on the Sunday.
The main path to it comes up from Red Tarn, which is linked by a surprisingly level path to Hole-in-the-Wall, making this ridge equally accessible from Patterdale as from Glenridding.
It can be combined with a scramble on Eagle Crag, or this part can be bypassed by taking the path to Nethermost Cove before joining the ridge.
From Patterdale a long but safe and easy walk () on a good path follows the track up Grisedale to the tarn, and then takes the old pony track up the south ridge of Helvellyn.
From Glenridding a similar long but safe and easy walk () follows Greenside Road, past the old lead mine and towards Keppel Cove.
This track, another old pony track, then zigzags up the fellside to join the main ridge path at the col between Raise and White Side.
Grisedale Tarn is the starting point for the south ridge of Helvellyn, and may be reached from Grasmere or Patterdale, or from Dunmail Raise by a path alongside Raise Beck.
Above the tarn the old pony track zigzags up the fellside, and takes a safe but unexciting route well away from crags on the side of the ridge, and avoiding all the intermediate tops.
In suitable weather a more interesting and scenic route is to follow the edge of the crags as closely as possible, over the tops of Dollywagon Pike, High Crag and Nethermost Pike.
Shorter and quicker routes to the top of Helvellyn, though with less attractive scenery, begin from several points along the A591 road along the west side of the mountain.
Stannah at Legburthwaite is the starting point for the bridleway to Sticks Pass, from which Helvellyn can be approached along the main ridge track from the north.
The old pony route took a very safe and steady route for the benefit of early visitors, who took horses and a guide from the inn.
The other route, known as the White Stones Route, originally marked by stones painted white, crosses the fellside at a lower level and fords Helvellyn Gill to join the path from Swirls.
A bridleway winds up the fellside, over Comb Crags and traverses the slopes of Nethermost Pike to arrive on the ridge at Swallow Scarth, the col just below Helvellyn.
Helvellyn may be included in a traverse of the full length of the Helvellyn range in either direction, but with a greater sense of climax when starting from the north.
Most of the ridge track is a bridleway and so the route can be completed by mountain bike in a challenging six-hour circular route of 16 miles off-road and 10 miles on-road riding.
Helvellyn can also be included in a circular walk from Patterdale: up Striding Edge, down to Grisedale Tarn and back over St Sunday Crag.
The steep headwall above Red Tarn contains several graded routes, clustered around the prow-shaped buttress on the right-hand side of the face, known to climbers as Viking Buttress, and in a couple of gullies which lead to the summit.
Working alternate weeks, one of these walks up Helvellyn each day during that period to check the weather, snow and walking conditions.
Their report and daily photograph appear on Weatherline, the Lake District weather forecast website and phone line service, which also includes a local weather forecast from the Met Office.
This information is important for people who go out hillwalking and climbing in winter, helping them to plan their routes and get an idea of the mountain conditions.
Many people camp on Helvellyn throughout the year, often near Red Tarn which gives good views of Striding Edge, Swirral Edge, and the summit of Helvellyn itself.
Although camping in England is illegal without the permission of the landowner, there is a tradition of wild camping in the Lake District.
This has often been tolerated so long as people have camped unobtrusively, for no more than one night, and have left no trace of their campsite behind.
The summit of Helvellyn takes the form of a broad plateau, sloping gently to the south-west, but dropping abruptly to the north-east into Red Tarn cove.
So smooth and large is this summit that a small aeroplane was able to land on it in 1926 (see History below).
Nearby there is a cross-shaped stone shelter; to the north is an Ordnance Survey trig point, slightly lower than the summit at .
The view from the top on a clear day extends across the whole of the Lake District to the Solway Firth and hills of south-west Scotland to the north-west, Cheviot and the Pennine Hills to the north-east, Morecambe Bay, Blackpool and the coast of North Wales to the south, and the Irish Sea to the west.
Snowdon is hidden by the Coniston Fells, and the Isle of Man is largely hidden behind the Great Gable and Pillar group of fells.
Its summit is small compared to the plateau of Helvellyn, but it offers better views to the north-west, as the ground falls steeply away from it on that side.
One of the earliest accounts of an ascent of Helvellyn for the pleasure of doing so is contained in James Clarke's guidebook of 1787.
He quotes the account of an unnamed gentleman from Penrith who wanted to eat his dinner on Midsummer Day while sitting in a snowdrift on top of Helvellyn.
The man left home at two in the morning, rode to Glencoyne and left his horse at a house in the valley there.
He started to walk up the mountain at between four and five in the morning and after five hours hot and hard work he reached the snow and the summit.
In August 1800, barely a month after moving there, he went to visit his friends William and Dorothy Wordsworth in Grasmere, taking a route over Helvellyn and arriving at ten in the evening.
A few days later William Wordsworth with his brother John and their friend Mr Simpson made a trip up Helvellyn, setting out after breakfast and returning home at ten that evening.
A year later, in October 1801, William and his sister Dorothy rode to Legburthwaite (to the inn at Thirlspot) and then to the top of Helvellyn before returning the same way.
They had mists both above and below them, but the sun shone through and their views extended from the Scottish mountains to the sea at Cartmel.
A portrait of Wordsworth, deep in thought among the clouds on the summit of Helvellyn, was painted by Benjamin Robert Haydon in 1842, an example of romanticism in portraiture.
An early casualty of the mountain was the artist Charles Gough, who slipped and fell from Striding Edge in April 1805.
Gough became regarded as a martyr to the romantic ideal, and his dog Foxie was celebrated for her attachment and fidelity to her long-dead master.
A small tourist industry began to grow up around the mountain, with inns providing ponies and guides as well as accommodation for the visitors, and guidebooks being published for visitors.
Jonathan Otley’s guidebook of 1823 described the view from the summit and claimed it gave a more complete view of the Lake District than any other point.
Ponies could be taken as far as Red Tarn, where there were stakes to tether them while undertaking the final part on foot via Swirral Edge.
The plane was an Avro 585 Gosport, a two-seater biplane flown by Bert Hinkler, a test pilot who worked for A V Roe, the plane's manufacturers, at Woodford Aerodrome near Manchester.
The uphill take-off was more difficult and the plane dived off the edge of the summit with insufficient airspeed, but picked up speed as it dived, narrowly missing Striding Edge, to return to Manchester.
Red Tarn, a classic corrie tarn, is a high-altitude tarn with low nutrient levels and poor in the number of species it supports.
The summit and the eastern side of the mountain are part of the Helvellyn & Fairfield Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
Natural England, which is responsible for choosing SSSIs, tries to ensure that the management and use of the area is sustainable.
All the rocks of Helvellyn are part of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, formed on the margin of an ancient continent during a period of intense volcanic activity during the Ordovician period, roughly 450 million years ago.
This is a semi-circular series of faults which sweep eastwards to encompass Helvellyn, Patterdale, Deepdale and Fairfield, and which abut against a major north-south fault to the west (along the line of the A591 road).
This caldera was formed by an eruption of exceptional magnitude which produced a series of pyroclastic flows, fast moving currents of hot gas and rock, which buried the whole district of roughly beneath at least (in places up to of ignimbrite).
This succession of ignimbrites is known as the Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation, the most widespread volcanic formation in the Lake District.
The eruption of such a huge quantity of magma emptied the magma chamber beneath the volcano and led to the collapse of the overlying rocks to form the caldera.
The lowest and oldest rocks on Helvellyn are those of this Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation, which outcrop along the western side, up to roughly the contour on Whelp Side.
The lowest part of the formation here is the densely welded lapilli-tuff of the Thirlmere Member, in which the individual pieces of semi-molten lava were flattened under the weight of deposits above them.
Contemporaneous movement on the caldera's boundary fault has produced a thick deposit of breccia above the Helvellyn Screes and on Browncove Crags.
The Thirlmere Member is overlain by a deposit of sandstone, the Raise Beck Member, deposited in water during a break in the volcanism, but succeeded by further thick ignimbrite deposits.
Higher still on Helvellyn, as well as in the coves to the east and covering Swirral Edge and Catstye Cam, are rocks of the Helvellyn Tuff Formation.
The highest surviving rocks on Helvellyn, found on the summit plateaux of Helvellyn itself and of Nethermost Pike, and along the crest of Striding Edge, are the volcaniclastic sandstones of the Deepdale Sandstone Formation.
Again, this formation is confined to the limits of the caldera, and represents another return to erosion and sedimentary deposition within a caldera lake, though with layers of pyroclastic rock showing that the volcanism had not entirely finished.
During the Late Devensian glaciation, which occurred 28,000 to 14,700 years Before Present (BP), the whole of northern England was covered by an ice sheet.
A short period of glacial conditions returned between 12,650 and 11,550 years BP, known in Britain as the Loch Lomond Stadial (and elsewhere as the Younger Dryas stadial), when the Gulf Stream current ceased to flow past the British Isles.
Small cirque and valley glaciers formed in north and east facing valleys, including Grisedale and the coves on the east side of Helvellyn.
The results are seen in moraines of unsorted boulder gravel in the valleys, the spectacular coves with steep headwalls, and the sharp arêtes formed where the rock was eroded on both sides between adjacent glaciers.
Periglacial processes in seasonal freeze-thaw conditions, both present and past, have produced sorted stone stripes and solifluction lobes and sheets on the summit ridge of Helvellyn.
Brown Cove Mine was high up at the head of Brown Cove, where some disused spoil heaps remain, with a couple of levels, one of which ran about into the mountainside.
It was operated by a succession of different owners, driving five levels through mostly barren rock to explore three mineral veins.
Little can be seen of the levels now for the entrances were destroyed when the mine closed, but several spoil heaps remain, one covering the gill, along with the old miners’ path which zigzags up the hillside, a self-acting incline to lower ore to the dressing floor, and the old winding-drum house.
The narrow leat which once diverted water from Brownrigg Well into the gill beside the mine may also be seen, much higher up the fellside.
Colours were related to a landscape context in which blues, greens, greys and whites in particular were both more diverse and more differentiated than in English.
People who relied on the system of transhumance for their livelihood gained the ability to assess the nutritional value of upland grasses from a distance before moving their stock to a summer shieling, and used appropriate colour terms for grasses which would become progressively more green as the spring advanced.
The mountain has two tops, which used to be distinguished as Helvellyn Low Man (or Lower Man) and Helvellyn High Man (or Higher Man).
Montagu Island () is the largest of the South Sandwich Islands, located in the Scotia Sea off the coast of Antarctica.
The island was first sighted by James Cook in 1775, and named after John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich and the First Lord of the British Admiralty at the time of its discovery.
It was believed to be inactive prior to the sighting of low-level ash emission and suspected lava effusion in 2002 by the British Antarctic Survey.
In November 2005, satellite images revealed that an eruption of Mount Belinda had created a molten river flowing to the northern shoreline of the island.
The event has expanded the area of the island by , and provided some of the first scientific observations of volcanic eruptions taking place underneath an ice sheet.
In most countries one is required to obtain a glider pilot license (GPL) or certificate before acting as pilot of a glider.
Training must be undertaken from a certified instructor, and a license or certificate is then issued by the government, limited to gliders only.
The aviation knowledge and skill requirements for a glider are usually similar to those for a powered aircraft, taking into account the different requirements of the aircraft categories.
New Zealand also issues a government license to pilots who fly for fees and for those who wish their qualifications to be accepted more readily overseas.
Generally, a pilot may fly an aircraft registered in their home country with their home country's license or certificate, in any other country, subject to international conventions.
A driving licence is adequate evidence of medical fitness for solo flight, and pilots under the age of 25 may self-certify.
Failing this a medical certificate is required from the pilot's own doctor, to the same standard as a provisional driving licence, unless the pilot has a higher certificate such as the EASA Class 2 medical required for a PPL.
Training is based on standards defined by the BGA and is conducted by instructors who have been trained on its courses.
Further practical training is required after solo, plus a multiple choice test which is very similar to the PPL theory exam, before a pilot is given an endorsement to fly cross-country.
Most flights do not require radio contact with air traffic control units, but some pilots obtain a radio operator's licence should that eventuality arise.
At present the Gliding Certificate is issued by the BGA under delegation from the Royal Aero Club and indicates the standard of achievement reached by the pilot.
The certificate is endorsed for each requirement met, and also shows sporting achievements for the FAI's gliding badges, plus the UK's own 100 km and 750 km Diplomas.
In some EASA member states (notably the UK), a lower medical standard applies to the LAPL(S), such that a pilot may choose the LAPL medical instead of a Class 2 medical.
While teaching at Long Beach Polytechnic High School in the late 1920s, he mentored several art students that later went on to being accomplished artist themselves.
Although little information exists on Cantillon's life, it is known that he became a successful banker and merchant at an early age.
His success was largely derived from the political and business connections he made through his family and through an early employer, James Brydges.
During the late 1710s and early 1720s, Cantillon speculated in, and later helped fund, John Law's Mississippi Company, from which he acquired great wealth.
However, his success came at a cost to his debtors, who pursued him with lawsuits, criminal charges, and even murder plots until his death in 1734.
His work was translated into Spanish by Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, probably in the late 1770s, and considered essential reading for political economy.
These contributions include: his cause and effect methodology, monetary theories, his conception of the entrepreneur as a risk-bearer, and the development of spatial economics.
While details regarding Richard Cantillon's life are scarce, it is thought that he was born sometime during the 1680s in County Kerry, Ireland.
Sometime in the middle of the first decade of the 18th century Cantillon moved to France, where he attained French citizenship.
By 1711, Cantillon found himself in the employment of British Paymaster General James Brydges, in Spain, where he organised payments to British prisoners of war during the War of Spanish Succession.
Cantillon then became involved in the banking industry working for a cousin, who at that time was lead-correspondent of the Parisian branch of a family bank.
Two years later, thanks in large part to financial backing by James Brydges, Cantillon bought his cousin out and attained ownership of the bank.
Given the financial and political connections Cantillon was able to attain both through his family and through James Brydges, Cantillon proved a fairly successful banker, specialising in money transfers between Paris and London.
Cantillon's financial success and growing influence caused friction in his relationship with John Law, and sometime thereafter Law threatened to imprison Cantillon if the latter did not leave France within twenty-four hours.
To that end, in 1718 Law, Cantillon, and wealthy speculator Joseph Gage formed a private company centred on financing further speculation in North American real estate.
Most of his debtors had suffered financial damage in the bubble collapse and blamed Cantillon—until his death, Cantillon was involved in countless lawsuits filed by his debtors, leading to a number of murder plots and criminal accusations.
On 16 February 1722, Cantillon married Mary Mahony, daughter of —a wealthy merchant and former Irish general—spending much of the remainder of the 1720s travelling throughout Europe with his wife.
Cantillon and Mary had two children, a son who died at an early age and a daughter, Henrietta, wife successively of the 3rd Earl of Stafford and the 1st Earl of Farnham.
In , his residence in London was burned to the ground, and it is generally assumed that Cantillon died in the fire.
One of Cantillon's biographers, Antoine Murphy, has advanced the alternative theory that Cantillon staged his own death to escape the harassment of his debtors, appearing in Suriname under the name Chevalier de Louvigny.
Apart from Petty, other possible influences on Cantillon include John Locke, Cicero, Livy, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Charles Davenant, Edmond Halley, Isaac Newton, Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, and Jean Boisard.
Cantillon's involvement in John Law's speculative bubble proved invaluable and likely heavily influenced his insight on the relationship between increases in the supply of money, price, and production.
Economist Murray Rothbard credits Cantillon with being one of the first theorists to isolate economic phenomena with simple models, where otherwise uncontrollable variables can be fixed.
Furthermore, he is credited with employing a methodology similar to Carl Menger's methodological individualism, by deducing complex phenomena from simple observations.
A cause and effect methodology led to a relatively value-free approach to economic science, in which Cantillon was uninterested in the merit of any particular economic action or phenomenon, focusing rather on the explanation of relationships.
This has led to disputes on whether Cantillon can justly be considered a mercantilist or one of the first anti-mercantilists, given that Cantillon often cited government-manipulated trade surpluses and specie accumulation as positive economic stimuli.
Others argue that in instances where Cantillon is thought to have supported certain mercantilist policies, he actually provided a more neutral analysis by explicitly stating possible limitations of mercantilist policies.
He considered market prices to be derived by comparing supply, the quantity of a particular good in a particular market, to demand, the quantity of money brought to be exchanged.
Believing market prices to tend towards the intrinsic value of a good, Cantillon may have also originated the uniformity-of-profit principle—changes in the market price of a good may lead to changes in supply, reflecting a rise or fall in profit.
Cantillon suggested that inflation occurs gradually and that the new supply of money has a localised effect on inflation, effectively originating the concept of non-neutral money.
Furthermore, he posited that the original recipients of new money enjoy higher standards of living at the expense of later recipients.
The concept of relative inflation, or a disproportionate rise in prices among different goods in an economy, is now known as the Cantillon Effect.
Cantillon also considered changes in the velocity of money (quantity of exchanges made within a specific amount of time) influential on prices, although not to the same degree as changes in the quantity of money.
While he believed that the money supply consisted only of specie, he conceded that increases in money substitutes—or bank notes—could affect prices by effectively increasing the velocity of circulating of deposited specie.
Apart from distinguishing money from money substitute, he also distinguished between bank notes offered as receipts for specie deposits and bank notes circulating beyond the quantity of specie—or fiduciary media—suggesting that the volume of fiduciary media is strictly limited by people's confidence in its redeemability.
He considered fiduciary media a useful tool to abate the downward pressure that hoarding of specie has on the velocity of money.
Addressing the mercantilist belief that monetary intervention could cause a perpetually favourable balance of trade, Cantillon developed a specie-flow mechanism foreshadowing future international monetary equilibrium theories.
He suggested that in countries with a high quantity of money in circulation, prices will increase and therefore become less competitive in relation to countries where there is a relative scarcity of money.
Thus, Cantillon also held that increases in the supply of money, regardless of the source, cause increases in the price level and therefore reduce the competitiveness of a particular nation's industry in relation to a nation with lower prices.
However, Cantillon did not believe that international markets tended toward equilibrium, and instead suggested that government hoard specie to avoid rising prices and falling competitiveness.
Furthermore, he suggested that a favourable balance of trade can be maintained by offering a better product and retaining qualitative competitiveness.
Cantillon's preference towards a favourable balance of trade possibly stemmed from the mercantilist belief in exchange being a zero-sum game, in which one party gains at the expense of another.
Cantillon believed that interest originates from the need of borrowers for capital and from the fear of loss of the lenders, meaning that borrowers have to recompense lenders for the risk of the possible insolvency of the debtor.
While previously it was believed that the rate of interest varied inversely to the quantity of money, Cantillon posited that the rate of interest was determined by the supply and demand on the loanable funds market—an insight usually attributed to Scottish philosopher David Hume.
As such, while saved money impacts the rate of interest, new money that is instead used for consumption does not; Cantillon's theory of interest is therefore similar to John Maynard Keynes's liquidity preference theory.
Entrepreneurs, according to Cantillon, are non-fixed income earners who pay known costs of production but earn uncertain incomes, due to the speculative nature of pandering to an unknown demand for their product.
Cantillon, while providing the foundations, did not develop a dedicated theory of uncertainty—the topic was not revisited until the 20th century, by Ludwig von Mises, Frank Knight, and John Maynard Keynes, among others.
Furthermore, unlike later theories of entrepreneurship which saw the entrepreneur as a disruptive force, Cantillon anticipated the belief that the entrepreneur brought equilibrium to a market by correctly predicting consumer preferences.
The development of spatial economics is usually ascribed to German economist Johann Heinrich von Thünen; however, Cantillon addressed spatial economics nearly a century earlier.
Cantillon integrated his advancements in spatial economic theory into his microeconomic analysis of the market, describing how transportation costs influence the location of factories, markets and population centres—that is, individuals strive to lower transportation costs.
Conclusions on spatial economics were derived from three premises: cost of raw materials of equal quality will always be higher near the capital city, due to transportation costs; transportation costs vary on transportation type (for example, water transportation was considered cheaper than land-based transportation); and larger goods that are more difficult to transport will always be cheaper closer to their area of production.
For example, Cantillon believed markets were designed as they were to decrease costs to both merchants and villagers in terms of time and transportation.
Similarly, Cantillon posited that the locations of cities were the result in large part of the wealth of inhabiting property owners and their ability to afford transportation costs—wealthier property owners tended to live farther from their property, because they could afford the transportation costs.
Unlike William Petty, who believed there always existed a considerable amount of unused land and economic opportunity to support economic growth, Cantillon theorised that population grows only as long as there are economic opportunities present.
Furthermore, Cantillon's population theory was more modern than that of Malthus in the sense that Cantillon recognised a much broader category of factors which affect population growth, including the tendency for population growth to fall to zero as a society becomes more industrialised.
Large sections of Smith's economic theory were possibly directly influenced by Cantillon, although in many respects Adam Smith advanced well beyond the scope of Cantillon.
In any case, through his influence on Adam Smith and the physiocrats, Cantillon was quite possibly the pre-classical economist who contributed most to the ideas of the classical school.
Amongst other prizes and symposia, it funds the University Latsis Prizes (awarded by the University of Geneva, the University of St. Gallen, the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne and the ETH Zurich), the Swiss Latsis Prize (awarded by the Swiss National Science Foundation) and the European Latsis Prize (awarded by the European Science Foundation) until 2012.
On 1 August, she sailed from Norfolk, Virginia for a tour of duty which took her to ports both of northern Europe and the Mediterranean, returning to Norfolk on 1 December.
Her coastwise operations from Norfolk included cruises to Prince Edward Island and Bermuda prior to her decommissioning at New York Naval Shipyard on 17 May 1949.
Citypoint (previously known as Britannic House and Britannic Tower) is a skyscraper located on Ropemaker Street on the northern fringe of the City of London, the main financial district and historic nucleus of London.
Originally named Britannic House, Citypoint was built in 1967 as a 35-storey, tall headquarters for British Petroleum (now BP), becoming the first building in the City of London area to exceed the height of St Paul's Cathedral.
Citypoint is the seventh-tallest building in the City, after the Heron Tower, 122 Leadenhall Street, Tower 42, 30 St Mary Axe, Broadgate Tower and 20 Fenchurch Street but only the 23rd-tallest in Greater London.
In August 2005 its owner, Pillar Properties, sold the building for more than £500 million in one of the largest deals ever seen in the City office market.
In early 2007 the building was again put on the market, this time for £650 million, and purchased by a private American company called Beacon Capital Partners.
However 8 Canada Square at Canary Wharf eclipsed this by some margin just a few months later when it was sold for over £1 billion.
Lou Blonger (May 13, 1849 – April 20, 1924), born Louis Herbert Belonger, was a Wild West saloonkeeper, gambling-house owner, and mine speculator, but is best known as the kingpin of an extensive ring of confidence tricksters that operated for more than 25 years in Denver, Colorado.
The goal of the con was to convince tourists to put up large sums of cash in order to secure delivery of stock profits or winning bets.
In 1922, however, District Attorney Philip S. Van Cise bypassed the Denver police and used his own force, funded by donations solicited in secret from local citizens, to arrest 33 con men, including Blonger, and bring the ring to justice.
Although he was still three days shy of his 15th birthday, Blonger was mustered in as a fifer at Warren, Illinois, and served a few weeks with Company B of the 142nd Illinois Regiment before suffering a leg injury at White Station, Tennessee.
At the conclusion of the Civil War, Blonger reunited with his brother Sam, ten years his elder, who had spent the war years prospecting in Colorado and driving freight over the mountains in California and Nevada.
Following the path of the newly completed Transcontinental Railroad, they briefly ran a hotel and saloon in Red Oak, Iowa, before moving on to Salt Lake City, Utah and the nearby mining towns of Stockton and Dry Canyon.
In a pattern that repeated itself at many of their stops, Lou owned and operated saloons with assorted entertainments while Sam developed mining claims in the surrounding mountains, served occasionally as a peace officer and, in his spare time, raced horses.
Moving to Colorado in 1879, Lou Blonger took a shot at running a vaudeville theater in Georgetown, while Sam made an unsuccessful bid to become the first mayor of nearby Leadville.
There the Blongers were joined by two other brothers: Simon, the eldest, who worked as superintendent at the Robert E. Lee Mine, and Marvin, the youngest, also a miner.
Soon afterward, Sam and Lou were on the move again, this time to the burgeoning railroad town of New Albuquerque, New Mexico (soon to merge with Albuquerque).
Newspaper accounts indicate that while the brothers engaged in a few shootouts and jailed their share of vagrants, they also took plenty of time off to pursue other interests: prospecting, horse racing, and even running a brothel.
For a couple of months the Blongers were toasted as the solution to the town's law enforcement problem (a previous marshal, Milt Yarberry, had murdered two citizens).
In April 1882, Lou Blonger served as acting town marshal while Sam traveled to Denver to negotiate the sale of a mine.
Lou's stint roughly coincided with the escape to New Mexico by the Vendetta Posse, composed of Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday, and five others.
Hoping to make their way to legal sanctuary in Colorado, the men took temporary refuge in New Albuquerque after killing several men to avenge the murder of Wyatt's brother Morgan.
According to one theory, Lou or Sam (or both) may have been called upon to provide shelter for the posse members during their stay.
He was relieved of his duties while on a trip to Kansas City, and soon afterward, Lou and Sam split up for the only extended period of their adult lives.
Lou spent the next few years in the New Mexico towns of Silver City, Deming, and Kingston, living at least part of the time with Frank Thurmond, a well-known gambler, and his wife, Carlotta Thompkins (better known as Lottie Deno).
In 1888, a woman calling herself Kitty Blonger shot and killed a man who tried to break into her room in a Peach Springs, Arizona, brothel.
The pair operated several saloons and gambling houses in the area of Larimer Street and Seventeenth Street over the next few years, including the magnificent Elite Saloon at 1628 Stout Street, with its mahogany fixtures and frescoed ceiling.
Gambling shops bought protection from the police force and the mayor's office and operated openly except when occasional crackdowns were required for show.
In addition to making direct payments to authorities, Sam and Lou Blonger also engaged in election fraud for candidates from both parties, from Denver mayor Wolfe Londoner in 1890 to Congressman Robert W. Bonynge in 1902.
The Blongers' policy shop had plenty of competition, including saloon man Ed Chase and Soapy Smith, the famous Western con man.
Smith was an uneasy Blonger ally for a while, but the frequent quarrels between steerers from the rival groups suggested a confrontation was brewing.
In 1895 Smith went on a drunken rampage through several Larimer Street establishments including the Blongers' saloon, where police removed him; one account alleged that Lou Blonger was crouched behind the cigar counter, ready to unload a shotgun.
In the wake of the rampage, Smith and his brother Bascomb were charged with the attempted murder of a saloon manager.
Realizing he had lost control of the situation, Soapy left for the mining boomtown of Skagway, Alaska, in 1897, ceding control of Denver's underworld to Lou Blonger.
In 1892 Sam and Lou Blonger found the gold mine they had been looking for in the mountains above Cripple Creek, Colorado, and named it the Forest Queen ().
Sam and Lou had several partners in the mine at different stages of its development, some of whom were extraordinarily well-placed.
Dennison was the son of a former governor of Ohio and Steele later became chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court.
A third partner of note was J. W. McCulloch, manufacturer of Green River Whiskey, who supposedly traded 20 barrels of his product for a piece of Lou Blonger's stake.
Once developed, the Forest Queen provided its owners with periods of steady income, if not the fortune that came out of the nearby Independence Mine.
Lou and Sam Blonger claimed, bought, traded, and sold several mines in their lives, but both held onto the Forest Queen to the end, leaving their interest to their wives.
Eventually he moved into headquarters in the American National Bank building on Seventeenth Street and styled himself as a mining magnate.
A crucial moment in the development of the bunco gang was Blonger's partnership in 1904 with Adolph W. Duff, who had operated his own gang of confidence men in Colorado Springs before being run out of town by the police.
With Duff handling the details of coordinating gang members and scheduling locations for the scams, Blonger was free to conduct the business of schmoozing public officials and bribing law enforcement, all while cultivating the image of a model citizen.
In the summertime he made the rounds of friendly politicians and policemen, paying off favors with boxes of cherries from his orchard in suburban Lakewood.
Gang members were specifically instructed not to solicit victims from Colorado, concentrating instead on out-of-state tourists who would find it difficult to help prosecute a criminal case.
Sam Blonger's participation in his brother's gang waned as bigger and more sophisticated cons were developed, and he died in 1914.
Meanwhile, Lou Blonger expanded the gang's home base from Denver, where it operated only during the warmest months, southward to Miami and Havana, Cuba.
During the winter Blonger relaxed at Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he reportedly compared notes with his old friend William Pinkerton, president of the Pinkerton Detective Agency.
During the 1920 primary election for Denver district attorney, Blonger approached Republican Party candidate Philip S. Van Cise and offered assistance in the way of campaign contributions and votes.
To Blonger's surprise, Van Cise turned down his offer, and after his election, Van Cise called Blonger into his office to warn him that one of his goals would be the eradication of Blonger's gang of con men.
Recognizing that the police force was in Blonger's pocket, Van Cise undertook a private investigation underwritten by donations from 31 wealthy benefactors.
Van Cise monitored Blonger's trash, spied on him from a building across the street, and had a Dictaphone installed surreptitiously inside his office (an action that did not require a search warrant at the time).
He also allowed a crooked police detective to work inside the district attorney's office, feeding him misleading information to confuse the gang.
In the summer of 1922, Van Cise made it well known he was going on a long fishing vacation to the Rocky Mountains, signaling to the gang members that the heat was off their operation.
While the con men plied their trade openly on the streets of Denver, Van Cise and his assistants plotted a huge roundup that required a willing victim to help catch the gang in the act.
Norfleet was a Texas rancher who had previously been scammed twice by other gangs and was on a nationwide manhunt to bring the men who swindled him to justice.
Entering the lobby of the Brown Palace Hotel, Norfleet was hooked by unwitting gang members who saw him as an easy mark, and the plan was set in motion.
The posse assembled early on the morning of August 24, 1922: eighteen Colorado Rangers to arrest the gang members and several private citizens to chauffeur them to a holding cell in the basement of the First Universalist Church.
Blonger and Duff were among the first to be arrested; eventually 33 gang members were hauled in before news of the raid reached the street, allowing the remainder of the gang to flee.
The con men's total haul was impossible to determine, but in any case was well in excess of a million dollars per year.
His personal lawyer, Thomas Ward, Jr., was a former U.S. district attorney who had argued cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.
While the rest of the gang was represented by lesser names, they all benefited from the roadblocks laid down by the lead lawyers in the conspiracy case.
The defense successfully fought to have Van Cise removed from the prosecution of the case on a technicality, but Van Cise considered this a tactical error, since it allowed him to spend more time devising the prosecution's strategy and less time in court.
The case proceeded with two special prosecutors, S. Harrison White, former chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, and Harry C. Riddle, a former district court judge.
The star witness, however, was Len Reamey, one of the gang's bookmakers, fourth in the hierarchy behind Blonger, Duff, and bookmaker Jackie French.
When the prosecution rested after seven weeks of testimony, the defense attorneys surprised everyone by resting their case without presenting a witness, and further by offering to forgo their closing arguments if the prosecution did the same.
Van Cise directed the special prosecutors to call their bluff, and so the case went immediately to the jury without any closing arguments.
Blonger's men approached at least four of the jurors, but struck out when they attempted to bribe Herman M. Okuly, a mechanic.
Blonger was driven in a special car to the Colorado State Penitentiary on October 18, 1923, and died there on April 20, 1924, succumbing to organ failure.
His funeral, held at Denver's Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, was attended by hundreds of people from all walks of life.
Despite his wishes to be buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery, his wife directed that he be interred at Fairmount Cemetery instead.
Upon Nola's death the remainder of Blonger's estate, including his interest in the Forest Queen Mine, passed to her fourth husband, William J. MacAuley.
The cruiser's construction was suspended when nearly complete on 24 June 1946; and the hull assigned to the Philadelphia Group of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
She was reclassified CLG-93 on 4 February 1956; then reclassified to CLG-3 on 23 May 1957; and commissioned at Philadelphia 28 May 1958, Captain J.
The Talos supersonic surface-to-air missile was 38 ft long, weighed nearly 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg), and was powered by a novel 20,053 lbf ramjet engine, plus a solid-fuel rocket booster.
With a range of over 65 miles (105 km) for early variants, and over 100 for later ones, and speeds of up to Mach 4, it was designed to destroy enemy aircraft at high altitudes using either a conventional or atomic warhead.
On 4 January 1960, she departed Norfolk for a visit to Charleston, South Carolina, and operations off the Florida coast, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Returning to Norfolk, the cruiser unloaded her ammunition for shock tests off the Bahamas, then entered the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 25 March 1960 for a yard period that extended into the fall.
These evaluations completed 1 March, she departed San Juan for refresher training and her final acceptance trial out of Guantanamo Bay.
The cruiser returned to Norfolk on 9 April, but soon steamed to Jacksonville, where on 8 May she began duty under the Operational Technical Evaluation Force that included extensive testing of her missile system and many Talos firings.
The effectiveness of the system and the weapon were demonstrated by a new, long-range record as well as a successful two-missile salvo shot.
The Talos missile cruiser entertained over 17,000 visitors at Cape Canaveral on the Armed Forces weekend celebration in May; completed later phases of her evaluation exercises in the Caribbean through 21 July 1960; then visited Bayonne, New Jersey, where her missile fire-control radars were removed in preparation for overhaul.
She had to go in at low tide, and lightning rods had to be lowered to pass under the Charleston bridge.
She operated along the West Coast until October 1963 when she sailed for the Western Pacific as flagship of the flotilla.
During the next 5 months she ranged the Southeast Asian waters from the Gulf of Thailand to the Gulf of Tonkin while supporting the American effort to repel Communist aggression in South Vietnam.
In addition she provided air defense for 7th Fleet carriers in the South China Sea and conducted search and rescue operations in the Gulf of Tonkin.
Early in 1967 she departed San Diego for the East Coast, and for much of the rest of that year was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet for duty in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Named after Königsberg, the capital of East Prussia, she was laid down in January 1905, launched in December of that year and completed by June 1906.
In April 1914, the ship was sent on what was to have been a two-year deployment to German East Africa, but this was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I in August of that year.
After several attempts to sink the ship during the Battle of Rufiji Delta, the British sent two monitors, and , to destroy the German cruiser.
The surviving crew salvaged all ten of her main guns and joined Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck's guerrilla campaign in East Africa.
There were two side by side forward on the forecastle, six amidships, three on either side, and two side by side aft.
Her trials were interrupted at the beginning of June when she was tasked with escorting Kaiser Wilhelm II's yacht during three sailing regattas including Kiel Week.
The two ships then cruised the North Sea and stopped at Nordkapp, where from 3 to 6 August, Wilhelm II met Czar Nicholas II of Russia.
She visited her namesake city from 21 to 23 September and was later assigned to the fleet scouting forces to replace the cruiser on 5 November.
The year ended with a major training cruise, first in the Baltic and North Sea and later into the Atlantic, that ended in early December.
The ship then went into drydock over the winter of 1908–09 for periodic maintenance, emerging for service again in early February 1909.
A typical training routine followed for the next two years, interrupted only by a collision with the new cruiser on 16 February 1910 in the Kiel Bay, and two trips escorting the Kaiser in 1910; the first to Helgoland on 9–13 March and the second to Britain from 8 to 27 May.
On 22 January 1913, the ship was recommissioned for service with the fleet, to replace the cruiser which was also being modernized.
After passing through the canal, she stopped briefly in Aden before arriving in Dar es Salaam, the capital of German East Africa, on 5 June.
The African colonial subjects considered the ship to be quite impressive, particularly her three funnels, which were assumed to signify a warship more powerful than one with only two funnels.
As tensions in Europe rose in the aftermath of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Looff decided to abandon the normal peacetime training schedule and returned to Dar es Salaam on 24 July to replenish his coal and other stores.
He also made efforts to organize a coast watcher network to report enemy ships and to protect German shipping in the area.
Looff got his ship ready to sail and left port on the afternoon of 31 July 1914, with the three slower British ships shadowing him.
Coast watchers were stationed at the mouth of the river and telegraph lines were run to ensure the Germans would not be surprised by British ships searching for them.
He deduced that the ship would likely have to coal at Zanzibar on Sundays, and so Looff decided to attack the ship in port before he began his overhaul.
He considered the action justified, since Britain had rejected a German proposal to keep central Africa neutral according to the Congo Act of 1885.
The cruiser then returned to the Rufiji River so work could begin on overhauling her engines; the parts would need to be transported overland to the shipyard in Dar es Salaam where they could be rebuilt.
These included positioning soldiers and field guns to defend the approaches to the cruiser and establishing a network of coast watchers and telegraph lines to watch for hostile ships.
In the course of the campaign, the British reinforced the squadron blockading the Rufiji with additional cruisers, including and the Australian .
A civilian pilot, Denis Cutler of Durban, South Africa, was commissioned into the Royal Marines and persuaded to make his private Curtiss seaplane available for the British Empire.
On his first attempt to locate the cruiser, Cutler, who did not have a compass, got lost and was forced to land on a desert island.
A pair of Royal Naval Air Service Sopwiths were brought up with the intention of scouting and even bombing the ship.
However, the situation was marginally improved with a scheme to resupply the ship and give her a fighting chance to return home.
The trapped ship was forced aground and set on fire, but the Germans salvaged much of her cargo and put it to use later in the East Africa Campaign.
Finally, in April 1915, the British Admiralty agreed to a plan submitted by Drury-Lowe the previous November, which envisioned attacking the German cruiser with shallow-draft monitors, capable of navigating the Rufiji River.
On 6 July 1915, the two monitors crossed the outer sandbar and steamed up the river, despite heavy fire from German positions on the river banks.
The two monitors did not respond until 12:31, once they had been anchored into their firing positions, and scored several serious hits that caused a major fire at the ship's stern and inflicted heavy casualties.
Two torpedo warheads were detonated in the ship's bow to scuttle her; the ship rolled over slightly to starboard and sank up to the upper deck with her flags still flying.
The guns were converted into field artillery pieces and coastal guns; together with the ship's crew, they went on to see service in the East African land campaign under Lettow-Vorbeck.
In 1919, after the war, the men took part in a parade through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin to celebrate their service and that of their ship.
King earned degrees in history at Victoria, (BA 1967) and the University of Waikato (MA 1968), and gained his PhD at Waikato (1978).
He was Visiting Professor of New Zealand Studies at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and taught or held fellowships at six other universities.
He believed that all Pākehā had the same right to be called indigenous as Māori and disagreed with claims that only Māori have a spiritual association with mountains, lakes and rivers.
He noted a recent tendency in literature to romanticise Māori life and indicated that certain aspects of Māori society in the pre-European era were harsher and less humane than the results of British colonisation.
He received six weeks of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for throat cancer discovered in October 2003, which was in remission by 2004.
Following King's death, an essay on John Money was posthumously published in an exhibition catalogue for the Eastern Southland Gallery in Gore; King had planned to write a full biography on Money, but had lacked funding to do so in his lifetime.
King and his second wife, Maria Jungowska, were killed when their car crashed into a tree and caught fire near Maramarua, on State Highway 2 in the north Waikato.
The cause of the crash was a mystery at the time, but a coroner's inquest determined it was most likely caused by driver inattention.
Throughout his career he won the Feltex Television Writers' Award (1980), Winston Churchill Fellowship (1980), Fulbright Visiting Writers' Fellowship (1988), Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1988), NZ Literary Fund Award (1987 and 1989), Wattie Book of the Year Award (1984 and 1990), NZ Book Award (non-fiction) (1978) and was Burns Fellow at the University of Otago (1998–99).
The architecture of Montreal, Quebec, Canada is characterized by the juxtaposition of the old and the new and a wide variety of architectural styles, the legacy of two successive colonizations by the French, the British, and the close presence of modern architecture to the south.
The variety of buildings included factories, elevators, warehouses, mills, and refineries, which today provide a legacy of historic and architectural interest, especially in the Downtown area and in Old Montreal.
Many historical buildings in Old Montreal retain their original form, notably the impressive 19th century headquarters of all major Canadian banks on Saint Jacques Street (formerly known as Saint James Street).
From the Art Deco period, Montreal offers a handful of notable examples: Ernest Cormier's Université de Montréal main building located on the northern side of Mount Royal and the Aldred Building at Place d'Armes, an historic square in Old Montreal.
In fact, Place d'Armes, shown in panorama below, is surrounded by buildings representing several major periods in Montreal architecture: the Gothic Revival Notre-Dame Basilica; New York Life Building, Montreal's first high-rise; the Pantheon-like Bank of Montreal head office, Canada's first bank; the aforementioned Aldred Building.
The city has four Roman Catholic basilicas: Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral, Notre-Dame Basilica, St. Patrick's Basilica, and Saint Joseph's Oratory.
The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.
Following the British victory in the Seven Years' War, many protestant immigrants came to the city from England, Scotland and Ireland.
The two most notable of these are the Saint James United Church and the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral, which was suspended above an excavated pit during the construction of the Promenades Cathédrale mall, part of Montreal's Underground City.
A two-year period from 1962 to 1964 saw the completion of four of Montreal's ten tallest buildings: Tour de la Bourse, I. M. Pei's landmark cruciform Place Ville-Marie, the CIBC Building and CIL House.
Above-ground height is further limited in most areas and only a few downtown land plots are allowed to exceed 120 metres in height.
The limit is currently attained by 1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque, the latter of which is shorter, but built on higher ground.
The only way to reach higher than 1000 de La Gauchetière while respecting this limit would be to build on the lowest part of downtown near Tour de la Bourse; the maximum height there would be approximately 210 metres.
Pavilions designed for the 1967 International and Universal Exposition, popularly known as Expo 67, featured a wide range of architectural designs.
Though most pavilions were temporary structures, several remaining structures have become Montreal landmarks, including the geodesic dome US Pavilion, now the Montreal Biosphère, as well as Moshe Safdie's striking Habitat 67 apartment complex.
In terms of modern architecture, the Montreal Metro is filled with a profusion of public art by some of the biggest names in Quebec culture.
In addition, the design and ornamentation of each station in the Metro system is unique, much like the Stockholm Metro and the Moscow Metro.
Other significant works of modern architecture in Montreal include the Brutalist Place Bonaventure, the world's second largest commercial building when it was completed in 1967, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's Westmount Square and Roger Taillibert's controversial Olympic Stadium, which incorporates the world's tallest inclined tower, at 175 metres.
Montreal architects Pierre Boulva and Jacques David completed a number of modernist landmarks in the 1960s, including the Palais de justice de Montréal, 500 Place D'Armes, Théâtre Maisonneuve, the Dow Planetarium and the Place-des-Arts, Atwater and Lucien-L'Allier metro stations.
In 2006, the city was recognized by the international design community as a UNESCO City of Design, one of the three world design capitals.
A pair of non-governmental groups have worked to preserve Montreal historic buildings since the 1970s: Save Montreal, co-founded by Michael Fish in 1974, and Heritage Montreal, founded by Phyllis Lambert two years later.
In October 2009, Lambert, Heritage Montreal and others formed a think tank called the Institut de politiques alternatives de Montréal to advise the city on a range of matters including urban planning, development and heritage.
Six of the class were in Hawaiian waters or the Central Pacific on 7 December 1941, with at Pearl Harbor during the attack.
They went on to see hard service; seven of the twelve boats in the class were sunk before the survivors were withdrawn from front-line service in early 1945; this was the highest percentage lost of any US submarine class.
Early U.S. submarine designs of World War I assigned to escort shipping revealed that they had minimal ability to deter an aggressive threat.
Despite the fact that German U-boats proved beyond a doubt that no navy could be a world sea power without submarines, the role played by U.S. submarines in the defense of the Pacific would have to be rethought by Navy planners.
Following the Armistice, and after testing the capabilities of German design via captured U-boats, the U.S. Navy began to see the potential for extended offensive submarine operations.
Submarine operations with the fleet required boats with a high speed of 21 knots so that they could maneuver with the Standard-type battleships.
A high endurance was also desired to enable sustained patrols in Japanese home waters, hopefully providing warning of enemy operations as well as sinking warships close to home.
These qualities would later prove vital in commerce raiding during World War II, though this was largely absent from prewar planning due to the restrictions of the Washington Naval Treaty.
This design resulted in excessive vibration and engine damage, and the class was decommissioned in the 1920s and scrapped in 1930.
Their engines, built by the Bureau of Steam Engineering (BuEng) based on German MAN designs, were unreliable and the boats had poor seakeeping qualities.
They were armed with a pair of 6-inch deck guns to allow engaging armed merchant cruisers or Q-ships on the surface.
They found a role inserting raiders and supplying guerrillas in World War II, famously in the Makin Island raid but also in the Philippines.
In the fall of 1937 a proposal for an improved fleet submarine was put forward by the team of officers put together by then-Commander Charles A. Lockwood (later Admiral and Commander Submarine Force Pacific), Lt. Cmdr.
It was to be large (1,500 tons), and carry the latest diesel engines, ten torpedo tubes, a gun, and an updated Torpedo Data Computer.
As with other classes, the small gun was to prevent submarines from attempting to engage heavily armed escorts on the surface.
Larger torpedo rooms eliminated the deck stowage of torpedoes on previous classes, which was abandoned during World War II in any case.
Combat efficiency was improved by relocating the sonar operators and the Torpedo Data Computer into an enlarged conning tower to enable direct communication with the captain, and a new periscope with a small head to avoid detection was equipped.
Postwar, was a target in the Operation Crossroads nuclear weapons tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946, but was only lightly damaged.
They were ordered in fiscal year 1940 (FY40); the previous six were ordered in FY39, and some design differences were anticipated.
Through different phases it reached its permanent line-up and recorded a demo which was sent to different labels, for example Finnlevy and Poko Rekords.
Dingo was no longer considered to be a band for teenage girls only, since also older people started to like them, including the teenagers’ parents.
By the time the new album was published in 1985 it had been ordered in advance the amount of a gold album (and at the time a diamond album, meaning over 50 000 copies.
The album remained as a number one for 3–4 months and in the end the sales were around 190 000 copies.
It can be said that Dingo became an all time number one in all aspects: fame, hysteria, sales, media value and the impact on Finnish rock music at the time.
They influenced several different Finnish bands and musicians such as Pyhät Nuket (the hit Enkelit sulkivat silmänsä), SIG and Pave Maijanen.
Neumann’s philosophical preferences, the conscious avoiding of publicity and several trips to Ireland started to alienate Dingo from their younger audience.
Instead Dingo had a huge tour around the country which turned out to be very expensive for the band since someone weaselled a part of their earnings.
The single was such wild rock song that the band’s style seemed to please the rock critics more than the general audience.
Dingo was still a very popular band and when the fans gathered in Nivala, Tuiskula in the autumn of 1986, they were shocked by the news of their favourite band falling apart.
Replacing Pete on the keyboards in Nivala there was Tumppi, who only had time to perform in the band for a few weeks.
When Juni learns that Floop is really a criminal mastermind that had kidnapped his parents, he takes it surprisingly well, adjusting to the fact very quickly.
It was shown within the first two movies that Juni is able to mimic another person's voice perfectly, a trait his father claims he derives from his mother.
After a fight resulting in Magna Men stealing a prototype of the Transmooker (It being caused when Gary tried to take it from Juni for the glory, only to blame Juni when the Magna Men took it away), Juni gets fired from the OSS.
Juni's robotic pet spider, , is first shown in this movie near the beginning sections, but is later squashed by Gary Giggles, after he is sent to spy over him and his sister during the briefing of the Ukata Assignment, but shown fixed during the credits.
During the long gap between the 3rd and 4th film, Carmen and Juni have not gotten along very well, mostly picking on each other like they did in the 1st film.
After trying to work on his own as a spy, he reveals to Carmen he didn't think it would be cool to work with his sister.
It also became Britain's most consistently profitable and financially most secure independent airline of its era, never failing to make a profit in all its ten years of existence.
By the end of 1970, Caledonian operated an all-jet fleet consisting of eleven aircraft and provided employment for over 1,000 workers.
At that time, its principal activities included group charters between North America, Europe and the Far East using Boeing 707s, and general charter and inclusive tour (IT) activities in Europe utilising One-Elevens.
This was also the time Caledonian merged with British United Airways (BUA), the largest contemporary independent airline and leading private sector scheduled carrier in the United Kingdom, and formed British Caledonian.
Caledonian Airways was the brainchild of Adam Thomson, a former British European Airways (BEA) Viscount pilot and ex-Britavia captain, and John de la Haye, a former BEA flight steward and Cunard Eagle's erstwhile New York office manager.
When they found out that BEA had already reserved this name, the company was incorporated as Caledonian Airways (Prestwick) in Prestwick, Scotland, in April 1961 to conduct worldwide IT and group charter operations, with de la Haye and Thomson being appointed managing and deputy managing director respectively.
The first revenue service, an immigrant charter under contract to London Transport Executive, operated the following day in the opposite direction.
Caledonian's first two DC-7Cs operated European and long-distance charter flights, carrying mainly tour groups, inclusive tour holidaymakers and members of the British Armed Forces.
Two Caledonian Airways Douglas DC-7Cs appeared at the Biggin Hill Air Fair in May 1963; one to carry travel trade invitees on a special flight around the English south coast; the other to be viewed by the public while on static display at the airfield.
The company also sought to attract customers by providing an inflight service that was superior to what most other contemporary charter airlines offered, including complimentary meals, drinks and free overnight bags.
In late 1963, the Donaldson Line, a Scottish shipping company, took a 25% minority stake in Caledonian by subscribing to new shares worth £32,000.
This provided the resources to expand the airline's freighting activities and to add a pair of DC-6Bs to its fleet in time for the following year's European summer charter season.
As at the 1963 Biggin Hill Air Fair, in which Caledonian participated with two of its DC-7Cs, one of the newly acquired DC-6Bs could be viewed by the public while on static display at the 1964 Biggin Hill Air Fair.
On 20 May 1963, the US Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) granted Caledonian a foreign [air] carrier permit for a three-year period under Section 402 of the US Federal Aviation Act.
It became effective on 17 June 1963 when it was signed by President John F. Kennedy, making Caledonian the first overseas charter carrier to obtain this permit.
Caledonian's transatlantic growth strategy focused on taking advantage of strong ethnic ties of overseas Scottish communities in North America to the land of their ancestors and an obscure International Air Transport Association (IATA) resolution dating from 1953.
Under this resolution, airlines were permitted to offer cut-price charter tariffs if these were negotiated with an individual representing a distinct group that shared a common affinity among its members prior to the application for charter transportation.
The way independent charter operators like Caledonian, who were not IATA members, interpreted that resolution was that it applied to closed groups only whose primary purpose of travel was their common interest or kinship, rather than securing cheap air fares for its members.
IATA imposed further restrictions on airlines seeking to exploit this loophole by insisting that any agent booking these flights had their commission capped at 5%, that the affinity group's membership could not exceed 20,000 and that those seeking to avail themselves of these offers must have been members for at least six months prior to the commencement of travel.
As the charterer was responsible for paying for the aircraft's entire capacity regardless of whether all seats were filled, there was a great temptation to let people, who were not eligible to travel under the affinity group rules, take the seats of other, eligible travellers who had cancelled their bookings.
As a result, there were numerous occasions on which the airlines got into trouble with the authorities on both sides of the Atlantic.
In 1967, Caledonian gained Presidential approval to carry passengers from 19 European countries to the US and to operate IT charters from the US to the UK, following authorisation by the CAB.
Confirmation by the White House of the CAB's decision to let Caledonian fly US-originating charter passengers to Britain made it at the time the only airline permitted to cater to the IT market on both sides of the Atlantic.
In 1968, the CAB agreed to expand Caledonian's US IT charter authority to enable it to operate circle-tour charters between 19 European points and the US, with flights commencing the following year.
By 1969, more charter passengers were crossing the Atlantic with Caledonian than those flying on the transatlantic scheduled services of Aer Lingus, El Al, Sabena or Swissair.
By 1970, Caledonian was carrying the majority of the approximately 1.4 million passengers flying as members of affinity groups across the Atlantic each year.
Caledonian sought to differentiate itself from the other UK independent airlines and US supplemental carriers with which it competed in the transatlantic closed group charter market by providing a personalised, high quality full-scheduled-service style inflight service that exceeded most contemporary scheduled transatlantic operators' economy class service standards by a wide margin.
The inflight service began with tartan-clad cabin staff serving each passenger free cocktails from the drinks trolley at each seat row as soon as the seat belt signs were turned off.
The inflight service concluded with tea or coffee being served with complimentary brandies and liqueurs, as well as free cigarettes for those who smoked.
Caledonian first applied to the ATLB for a licence to launch transatlantic scheduled services from London to New York via Prestwick in 1964.
On 21 September 1964, the ATLB announced its decision to reject Caledonian's application for a licence to operate transatlantic scheduled services.
Over the coming years, additional examples were sourced from BOAC and Canadian Pacific Airlines, enabling the company to continue expanding its worldwide charter business.
By the end of September 1966, Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation (ICFC), one of the two predecessors of Investors in Industry, acquired a 14% stake in Caledonian's holding company.
Caledonian planned to introduce twice-weekly services from Prestwick to Barcelona and Ibiza for the 1967 summer season, making use of the licences the ATLB had awarded it the year before.
GUS were the owners of the Global travel organisation, a leading contemporary UK tour operator that contracted a growing share of its flying business to Caledonian.
Caledonian re-applied to the ATLB for a licence to launch transatlantic scheduled services from Gatwick, Heathrow or Stansted via Prestwick to New York JFK, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Toronto, and from Birmingham via Prestwick to New York, in 1967.
The Board of Trade (BOT) directed the ATLB to prejudge the four contenders' applications in order to concentrate only on those that stood a reasonable chance of success under existing bilateral arrangements before the route licensing hearings could begin.
It felt that the independents generally lacked the financial strength to acquire the then latest widebodied and supersonic transport (SST) aircraft for their proposed services, and that these airlines had insufficient economies of scale to enable them to compete with BOAC and the American carriers on a level playing field.
In Caledonian's case, the ATLB found that despite having a dedicated North American sales force and its own ground handling operation at John F. Kennedy Airport, the airline's lack of any kind of scheduled service experience and its almost total reliance on Sabena's and Aviation Traders' engineering support counted against granting it a scheduled service licence for one of the most competitive air markets in the world.
Secondary factors for the ATLB's rejection of Caledonian's applications included the delay in the introduction of Concorde and the non-availability within the envisaged timeframe of widebodied aircraft that were smaller and carried a lower price tag than the Boeing 747, which would have made them better suited to the type of operation proposed.
When Caledonian's senior management began evaluating competing state-of-the-art jet aircraft types as potential replacements for the Britannia in its long-haul role in the mid-1960s, the Boeing 707 320C series was favoured because of its superior range and payload compared with its contemporary rivals.
Caledonian planned to place an order directly with Boeing for two convertible 707-320Cs that could either be operated in an all-passenger or all-cargo configuration and featured a large freight door on the left-hand side of the forward fuselage to enable carriage of main deck cargo when configured as a freighter.
The initial order needed to be placed before the end of 1965 to secure the first aircraft's delivery in May 1967, just in time for that year's summer season.
To avoid paying the 14% tax the UK Government had imposed on imported, new foreign aircraft to protect competing British models, Caledonian needed to persuade the BOT that there was no equivalent home-grown alternative.
It also cited the BOT's earlier decision to approve BOAC's application for an import duty waiver on two new Boeing 707-336Cs as a precedent.
Despite the BOT's and Vickers's best efforts, Caledonian's senior management remained unconvinced that the Super VC10 was a worthy competitor of the 707.
The results of its evaluation had shown that the Super VC10 was not competitive with the 707, in terms of amortisation, resale value and availability of finance due to its small production run.
Apart from its insufficient range to fly non-stop from the UK to the US West Coast with a viable payload, significantly smaller cargo capacity and lack of passenger/freighter convertibility, the Super VC10 was also heavier than the 707.
In its ongoing negotiations with the BOT, Caledonian cited these findings as evidence that there was no suitable British alternative to the 707 for the envisaged role.
The BOT however continued to insist that irrespective of Caledonian's specific requirements, the 707 and Super VC10 were equivalent and, based on this assessment, refused the airline's application for an import duty waiver.
Meanwhile, the civil engine production hold-up caused by the Vietnam War resulted in the first aircraft arriving in July rather than May 1967.
To facilitate the 707's smooth introduction into service the following summer, Caledonian required access at its Gatwick base to its second aircraft (ordered in 1966) for as much as winter 1967–68 as possible to complete aircrew and ground support training in time for the following summer season.
To avoid having an expensive, new jet aircraft sit idly on the ground in the absence of a timely resolution, the airline's senior management put in place a contingency plan to transfer the 707 training programme to Shannon Airport as the BOT had no jurisdiction over the Republic of Ireland.
In the event, the contingency plan was not activated as a compromise was reached in early December 1967 that resulted in the BOT granting Caledonian's request for an import duty exemption.
This permitted the airline to import the aircraft into the UK free of duty, as long as non-stop sectors outside the Super VC10's economically viable range accounted for a significant share of its operations.
Caledonian's short-haul re-equipment effort to replace the remaining obsolete piston and turboprop airliners in its fleet, initially focused on Boeing's 737.
The aircraft were to be delivered by spring 1969 to accomplish the transition to an all-jet fleet ahead of the 1969 summer charter season.
As the 737 was an all-American aircraft like the previously ordered 707, Caledonian needed to approach the BOT once more to request an import tax exemption.
It threatened to withdraw the tax concession it had granted the airline to import brand-new 707s free of duty if 737s were selected instead of One-Eleven 500s.
Caledonian did not favour the One-Eleven 500 because it could not match the 737-200's range, which was reckoned sufficient to fly British holidaymakers non-stop from the UK to the Canary Islands and to destinations in the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as lower costs per seat mile as a result of the latter's wider fuselage accommodating a greater number of passengers seated six (rather than five) across.
In the cut-throat short-/medium-haul charter airline business these were important cost and marketing advantages that could make all the difference between profit and loss.
In addition to the risk of losing the BOT's tax concession to import new 707s duty-free into the UK outweighing the 737-200s range and cost advantage over the One-Eleven 500, sterling's devaluation together with increases in Boeing's basic sales price had made ordering One-Elevens more attractive financially.
Based on an order for four aircraft valued at £7.5 million, buying an equivalent number of 737s was £1–1.5 million more expensive.
Another factor swinging Caledonian's short-haul re-equipment decision in favour of the British aircraft was the manufacturer's ability to offer the Scottish airline a high-density, 109-seat version featuring an increased range of (compared with for the baseline 97-seat, single-class One-Eleven 500 ordered by BEA).
Caledonian Airways' acquisition of a 40% stake in tour operator Blue Sky Holidays' parent company Blue Cars for £1.3 million in January 1970 had secured sufficient additional short- and medium-haul charter work to enable the airline to convert the option it held on a fourth One-Eleven 500 into a firm order in time for that year's summer season.
By the time Caledonian acquired BUA from British and Commonwealth (B&C) in late November 1970, it operated a fleet of eleven state-of-the-art jet aircraft comprising seven Boeing 707-320Cs and four BAC One-Eleven 500s and had more than 1,000 employees.
In the late 1960s, a parliamentary committee of inquiry headed by Professor Sir Ronald Edwards, at the time the chairman of the Electricity Council and a professor at the London School of Economics, inquired into the UK's air transport industry and its prospects in the coming decade.
The plan also hinted at a subsequent transfer of the corporation's Caribbean and South American routes to strengthen BUA's role as the new British North-South long-haul airline while leaving BOAC to concentrate on becoming the UK's East-West long-haul carrier.
Rather than creating spheres of influence between the corporations and the independents, it advocated organic development through new licensing opportunities that would permit competition with the corporations on an equal footing, especially on North Atlantic routes, and security of tenure upon which to build a sound economic future.
This situation was made worse by the unexpected loss of one of its most important IT customers to the newly formed BEA Airtours.
BEA, which was approached first, refused because it considered the price Sir Nicholas was asking for BUA – £9 million – too high.
Roy Mason, at the time the President of the Board of Trade, gave the Government's preliminary approval to BOAC's proposed takeover of BUA, on the understanding that there were no realistic prospects of a merger with another independent airline as recommended in the Edwards report.
This opened the way for Caledonian to make a successful counter bid for BUA, seeing off competition from that airline's former managing directors Freddie Laker and Alan Bristow and from Channel Airways chairman Jack Jones.
In its fight to win control of BUA, Caledonian had launched a parallel campaign to gain the support of BUA's unions for its proposed merger.
Caledonian had also considered a merger with Britannia Airways as a fallback option in case the preferred option of merging with BUA had failed to materialise.
During the 1970s and '80s, British Caledonian became the UK's largest independent, international scheduled airline, with an extensive global route network serving over 40 destinations in around 25 countries on five continents.
After a long takeoff run on the airport's long runway, the aircraft gained insufficient height to clear the trees close to the runway end.
Although this was the only fatal accident in Caledonian's history, it was the deadliest air disaster in British aviation history at the time.
The commission of inquiry probing the accident determined that the evidence at the crash site seemed to suggest that a jammed elevator spring tab mechanism prevented the aircraft from attaining sufficient height to clear the obstacles in the runway end's vicinity.
It was also consistent with tests showing this to prolong takeoff runs that had an attendant risk of losing height during flap retraction when the aircraft became airborne.
The commission of inquiry also described a number of adverse features that might have aggravated the circumstances in which the accident occurred.
It had furthermore not been able to exclude the possibility of an instrument failure as a probable accident cause as the instruments were either not recovered or too damaged for a valid expert examination.
A Douglas DC-7C (registration: G-ASID) operating Caledonian's flight 355 from London Gatwick via Istanbul Yeşilköy to Singapore crash-landed short of the threshold of Yeşilköy's runway 24 when the aircraft's left main gear struck the ground in line with the runway.
This had caused the aircraft to bounce and touch down again 14m further on, which in turn resulted in the nose gear collapsing and engines no.
When transmission resumed, the plane's flightdeck crew reported lightning and heavy turbulence during its descent, and sighting the runway while descending to .
This was followed by a slight correction to the right when the pilot-in-command ordered the deployment of full flaps and a reduction in power.
British Airtours, the erstwhile wholly owned charter subsidiary of British Airways, adopted the popular Caledonian Airways brand in April 1988 when the newly privatised British Airways had completed the takeover of its former Gatwick-based rival British Caledonian.
The newly renamed Caledonian Airways moved its Gatwick operation from the airport's South Terminal into the then brand-new North Terminal, thereby concentrating most of the British Airways group's Gatwick services in the new terminal.
Caledonian Airways began replacing its Boeing 737 narrowbodies with additional ex-British Airways L-1011 Tristar widebodies and a number of brand-new Boeing 757s sourced from the large 757 orders placed by its parent company.
The former British Airtours 737s were re-configured in British Airways's contemporary short-haul two-class cabin arrangement and began replacing the BAC One-Eleven 500s British Airways had inherited from British Caledonian on the UK flag carrier's short-haul Gatwick routes.
In 1995, British Airways decided to exit the short- to medium-haul package holiday market and sell Caledonian Airways to UK-based tour operator Inspirations, then part of the US-owned Carlson group, along with its core fleet of five Tristars.
Inspirations became part of the Thomas Cook Group in 1999, when Caledonian Airways was merged with the Flying Colours airline to form JMC Air Services, which in turn became the UK arm of the now-defunct Thomas Cook Airlines.
David Carlyle Rocastle (2 May 1967 – 31 March 2001) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the roles of a playmaker and a winger.
Rocastle then went on to feature in the Premier League for Leeds United, Manchester City and Chelsea, before later playing in the Football League for Norwich City and Hull City and finishing his career in Malaysia with Sabah FA.
The David Rocastle indoor centre at Arsenal's academy is named after him and his name is displayed at the Emirates Stadium.
Rocastle was born in Lewisham on 2 May 1967 to Caribbean immigrants Leslie and Linda Rocastle, who moved to London during the 1950s.
His father died aged 29 in 1972 from pneumonia when Rocastle was five years old, and his mother Linda subsequently remarried and had two more children.
After being rejected by Millwall, Rocastle joined Arsenal's Academy under Terry Neill in May 1982 and was given a professional contract in December 1984 by Neill's successor Don Howe.
He made his debut against Newcastle United in 1985 and made 26 league appearances in the 1984–85 season, scoring once as Arsenal finished seventh in the league.
He remained a regular player in the first team following the departure of Don Howe and the appointment of George Graham as manager at the end of the 1985–86 season.
During the match Rocastle was sent off for retaliating to a tackle by United midfielder Norman Whiteside, a move which caused a huge scuffle between several of the opposing players.
This scenario has been illustrated by many as the start of the fierce rivalry which now exists between the two clubs, especially as the two clubs being actively involved in competition for major honours almost every season since.
Rocastle went on to score the winning goal in the 1987–88 League Cup semi-final which was won by a margin of 2 goals to 1 against Tottenham Hotspur at Highbury.
As so, just before his 20th birthday on 5 April 1987, he won a 1986–87 League Cup winners medal as Arsenal beat Liverpool 2–1 in the cup final at Wembley.
In the following season, he was again an influential member of the Arsenal side which reached the 1987–88 League Cup final against Luton Town the following year.
In the game Arsenal surrendered a 2–1 lead with only seven minutes of the final left to play, and ended up losing 3–2 to a last minute Luton goal.
He was also ever present for the Gunners in the 1987–88 season, helping Arsenal win the Football League Centenary Trophy in a 2–1 win over Manchester United.
Arsenal's success was sealed when they beat Liverpool 2–0 in the final game of the season at Anfield, snatching the title from the hosts on goals scored.
Arsenal were however unable to compete in the 1989–90 European Cup because the ban on English clubs in European competition after the 1985 Heysel tragedy still had one year to run, but Rocastle would have the chance of playing in Europe's premier club competition twice over the next few seasons.
Arsenal went on to finish fourth in the 1989–90 league season, missing out on a return to Europe as only the runners-up were entitled to a UEFA Cup place.
In 1990–91, Rocastle was limited to just 18 league appearances due to a knee injury but he still played more than enough games to win another league title medal with Arsenal, who lost only one game that season.
The following season, he played 39 league games for the Gunners and scored four league goals, also tasting European football for the first time as Arsenal reached the second round of the European Cup.
Rocastle scored 34 goals and played 228 times in seven years for Arsenal, collecting two league title medals and a winner's medal in the League Cup.
On 23 July 1992, Rocastle's decade at Arsenal came to an end when he was sold to reigning league champions Leeds United, in a deal that several Arsenal fans, teammates and football writers saw as doltish, cold and woeful.
This view stemmed from the way in which the midfielder was dealt with by manager George Graham, given his fine performances and return to fitness during 1991–92, his general popularity and the player's stated opposition to the deal.
The player's arrival at Leeds United made him, up to that point, the club's' most expensive signing at up to £2 million.
However, Strachan would go on to spend nearly three more years at Elland Road and remained a regular first team player for two more seasons, by which time Rocastle had left the West Yorkshire club.
He went on to make his debut for the club in a European Cup tie away to Bundesliga side VFB Stuttgart.
Rocastle as well scored in a 4–1 league victory over club rivals Chelsea in November 1993, although he missed a large number of games due to injury problems.
He was at the club until December 1993, when he moved to Maine Road for £2 million as replacement for David White, who in turn had joined Leeds earlier that month.
In going to Manchester City Rocastle scored two goals from 21 Premier League games as City finished 16th – their lowest finish since winning promotion to the top flight in 1989.
At the end of the season, manager Brian Horton signed the Swindon Town winger Nicky Summerbee, putting Rocastle's future at Maine Road in doubt.
Just before the start of the 1994–95 season, Rocastle returned to London when he signed for Chelsea in a £1.25 million deal.
One of these came in a League Cup win over Bournemouth with the other being netted in a 1995 European Cup Winners Cup's first-round game against FK Viktoria Žižkov.
With the influential Rocastle in tow and playing regularly, Chelsea reached the semi finals of the European cup, going out to eventual winners Real Zaragoza by a single goal on aggregate.
This would be the last game that Rocastle played for Chelsea, although he remained with the club for nearly three more years.
In 1996–97, Rocastle was loaned out to Norwich City in Division One, and also had trials with clubs including Aberdeen and Southampton shortly afterwards..
In October 1997, Rocastle was loaned out to Hull City in Division Three, and scored on his debut for the Tigers against Scarborough.
Rocastle then saw Sabah upon a memorable run to the 1998 Malaysian FA Cup final where he earned a runners up medal.
After making two appearances for the England 'B' side, Rocastle was capped 14 times at under-21 level for England during the second half of the 1980s, scoring twice.
Whilst playing for the Young Lions, he earned a runners up medal in the 1988 Toulon Tournament and got to the UEFA European Under-21 Championship semi finals of the same year.
At the age of 21, he was capped at senior level for the first time against Denmark on 14 September 1988.
Rocastle never found himself on the losing side as England won seven of the internationals that he appeared in and drew the other seven.
In February 2001, Rocastle announced that he was suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, an aggressive form of cancer which attacks the immune system, and had been diagnosed the previous October.
Many years later, it was revealed that Rocastle's cancer had been declared terminal from the time of his diagnosis in October 2000.
Six weeks after Rocastle's death his nine-year-old son Ryan was Arsenal's mascot in their FA Cup final match against Liverpool, a match in which they took the lead but ultimately lost 2–1, after late goals by Michael Owen.
Upon the day a league game was played which saw a brace from Thierry Henry in an eventual 5–0 win for Arsenal over Aston Villa.
Arsenal also has a training facility at the club's academy located at Hale End in Walthamstow, London that was named after Rocastle.
The David Rocastle indoor centre, of which was opened up in August 2006, thus serves as another tribute to the player's contributions to the club.
Rocastle is also one of 32 Arsenal legends honoured by having their images illustrated on the side of the new Emirates Stadium.
Hull City paid tribute to Rocastle by erecting a sign in his honour at the KC Stadium for their league match against Arsenal in May 2015.
On 2 April 2016 Arsenal's fans paid another similar tribute to him at the Emirates during Arsenal's match against Watford which marked the 15th anniversary of Rocastle's loss.
He is the cousin of another professional footballer, Craig Rocastle, and his brother Stephen played for Norwich City and was on the books of Derry City as well.
The charity, which was chosen by Arsenal as their club charity for the 2005–06 season, supports Rocastle's family as well as community projects and other registered charities.
She is the former Leader of the Opposition in British Columbia and former leader of the British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP), a social democratic political party.
She announced her intention to resign as leader on December 6, 2010 and was officially replaced by interim leader Dawn Black on January 20, 2011.
After graduating from high school, James and her first husband worked in institutions for the developmentally disabled in Alberta and British Columbia.
As a mother of young children, Alison and Evan, she became involved in a parents' group in Victoria, which led to her first foray into politics.
James self-identifies as part Métis, and in 2004 married her long-time partner, Albert Gerow, a First Nations artist and former Burns Lake municipal councillor and Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer.
James served on the Greater Victoria School Board from 1990 to 2001, including seven terms as chair, and gained a province-wide profile in her unprecedented five terms as president of the BC School Trustees Association.
In 2001, James ran unsuccessfully for the NDP in the riding of Victoria-Beacon Hill only losing by 35 Votes to BC Liberal candidate Jeff Bray.
She subsequently moved to Prince George, British Columbia to serve as the director of child and family services for Carrier Sekani Family Services, and later as co-ordinator of the Northern Aboriginal Authority for Families.
At the time of her election the party was suffering low morale in the wake of the 2001 provincial election, which had reduced the NDP to only two seats in the Legislative Assembly.
During her campaign to win the party leadership, James pledged to modernize the NDP's ideology and internal structures and build a broader base of support for the party, a move which alienated some traditional supporters.
On election night James and the NDP surprised many supporters and critics alike with a very strong electoral showing; the party winning 41.52 per cent of the popular vote (a 19.96 per cent increase from the 2001 election result) and 33 out of 79 seats in the Legislative Assembly.
James won her seat in the riding of Victoria-Beacon Hill with 57.01 per cent of the vote, defeating the incumbent BC Liberal MLA Jeff Bray by an almost 2-1 margin.
On December 1, 2010, Jenny Kwan, a prominent party member, released a statement to the media criticizing James' leadership of the New Democratic Party, and calling for an immediate leadership convention.
While the session was meant to take place on December 5, it was later postponed so that private discussions could take place with a group of thirteen caucus members opposed to James' continued leadership.
She was promoted to the Finance portfolio under John Horgan, and was also named deputy leader of the BC NDP and hence Deputy Leader of the Opposition.
The game has similar traits with blind man's buff, an essentially identical game played on dry land which dates back to at least the 16th century.
Marco Polo is not a location-based game because players are confined to a set space and because players must locate each other using auditory clues.
It begins within the Canadian Rocky Mountains and winds through the Alberta foothills onto the prairies, where it meets the Oldman River, the two then forming the South Saskatchewan River.
The Bow River runs through the city of Calgary, taking in the Elbow River at the historic site of Fort Calgary near downtown.
First Nations made varied use of the river for sustenance before settlers of European origin arrived, such as using its valleys in the buffalo hunt.
Between the years 1910 and 1960, the Bow River and its tributaries were engineered to provide hydroelectric power, primarily for Calgary's use.
It flows south to the village of Lake Louise then turns east and flows through the town of Banff and through Canmore.
The Bow flows eastward to the city of Calgary; it continues on to form the South Saskatchewan River when the Bow joins with the Oldman River near Grassy Lake in southern Alberta.
The fur trader James Gaddy and the Hudson's Bay Company explorer David Thompson are traditionally considered to be the first people of European origin to see the Bow River.
The Kutenai had migrated westward, possibly in the early eighteenth century, but still occasionally ventured into the Bow region to hunt bison.
First Nations used the river's valleys for the buffalo hunt, in which herds of buffalo were driven over cliffs or into valleys where they could be killed more easily with bows and arrows.
While other groups likely caught fish during harder times, they primarily hunted buffalo during the summer season when fishing would have been most plentiful.
The river's water naturally attracted game, which the First Nations men also hunted, while women gathered the roots, nuts and berries and processed them for food.
The river's game, its local sources for firewood, and its valleys' shelter made the river a common camp location for First Nations during the prairie winters.
The two main fords of the lower Bow River, Blackfoot Crossing and a ford near the Bow's confluence with the Elbow River (where today's central Calgary developed), became important gathering points for First Nations to exchange goods and celebrate festivities.
Fur traders began to move to the Bow River region following Thompson's expedition, but the river was not used extensively in the fur trade.
To stop these operations, the recently formed North-West Mounted Police (later the RCMP) established Fort Calgary in 1875 at the confluence of the Elbow River and the Bow.
In order to proceed with railway construction through present-day Alberta and an orderly settlement of the Bow region, the government sought to extinguish title of First Nations to specific lands, and negotiated to do so through treaties.
With bison numbers declining and white settlers becoming increasingly common in the region, the Nakoda, Tsuu Tʼina, Kainai, Piikanai, and Siksika met with representatives of the Canadian government at Blackfoot Crossing on the Bow River and signed Treaty 7 on 22 September 1877, ceding lands in exchange for defined reserves.
The Bow River originates from a northern mountain, and its flow varies considerably depending upon the amount and location of winter snowfalls.
With capital already invested in Horseshoe, Calgary Power opened another hydroelectric plant and reservoir two years later on the Bow's tributary, Kananaskis River.
The Bow River's hydroelectric development both conforms to and contrasts with elements of conservationist ideology in the United States during this era.
In this light, rivers could be seen as a series of interdependent parts, and engineering all of them could give technicians control over the system as a whole for the benefit of society.
Admitting their failure to plan effectively, Calgary Power stated in the In this process, Calgary Power ultimately fulfilled conservationist ideology as it increasingly brought the Bow River's interdependent sectors, and thus it as a whole, under control, while failing to embody conservationist ideals of rationally developing the Bow initially.
Also in line with conservationism, bureaucrats allowing the construction of the Minnewanka reservoir espoused that the nation's development as a whole superseded the need to protect a small part of Banff National Park's nature.
Ghost Dam was built in 1929; a major development on the Bow's tributary, Spray River, was completed in 1951; and, at the behest of the provincial government, Bearspaw Dam was built in 1954 just west of Calgary to control flooding (the dam included a generating station).
World War II's industrial demand increased pressure on the river: another hydroelectric development was built within Banff National Park, this time on the Cascade River, a tributary of the Bow.
Between 1910 and 1960, the Bow River was radically changed as it was systematically engineered to control its water flow and provide hydroelectric power.
The Calgary Local Council of Women was the most vocal advocate for turning this area into a park system as a part of a broader campaign for improved public and social services.
Calgary City Council agreed to the idea in 1955, but by 1959 little progress had been made to fund the project.
To accommodate increasing traffic flow through the growing city, the Canadian Pacific Railway and the city began negotiating a CPR reroute that would follow the south bank of the Bow River, turning it into a parkway and the CPR's rail mainline.
Among the plan's critics was the Local Council of Women, reminding the city of its 1955 promise for a river park.
After negotiations between the CPR and Calgary ended in failure in 1964, urban elites, such as golf clubs, increasingly endorsed the Local Council of Women's idea for a riverfront park system.
Park advocates defined the Bow River within Calgary as the city's nature: it was something to be protected for and enjoyed by the public.
Calgary eventually developed an extensive plan for the Bow River's park system, and it is considered an important element of Calgary's self-image today.
The grassroots advocacy done by the Local Council of Women denotes emerging environmental sensibilities that are representative of larger trends occurring in North America during this period.
Unlike the pre-World War II elitist ideology of conservationist production, this emergent approach in North America was of grassroots consumers democratically engaging in environmental issues, and there was often tension between the public and managers of the environment.
Its discovery caused alarm in the media and amongst those living along the Bow River (two years earlier, 70 percent of Calgarians reported using the Bow recreationally).
The Council was to promote awareness of the river's water quality and try to improve it through fact-finding and aiding inter-institutional coordination.
Recreational groups represented on the council, such as Ducks Unlimited and Bow Waters Canoe Club, expressed concern for the river's environment.
Their attitudes were not strictly human-centric, but, like those favoring a park system in Calgary, they defined the Bow River's environment as something worth preserving for human use.
By 1994, the reports emphasized the importance of the Bow's ecological balance as a whole for maintaining its water quality and quantity.
This was part of the larger pursuit of treating Banff National Park's ecosystems as something intrinsically valuable: maintaining these ecosystems was now prioritized over human enjoyment of the parks.
In June 2013, southern Alberta had such heavy rainfall that catastrophic flooding occurred throughout much of the southern half of the province along the Bow, Elbow, Highwood and Oldman rivers and tributaries.
A dozen municipalities declared local states of emergency on June 20 as water levels rose, and numerous communities were placed under evacuation orders.
In 1887 the Canadian parliament, under the urging of the Canadian Pacific Railway vice-president, William Van Horne, and the federal land agent, William Pearce, created Rocky Mountain Park, later to become known as Banff National Park.
Eventually the park grew to include the Bow Glacier, an outflow of the Wapta Icefield and the source of the Bow River.
When work began on a new luxury hotel in Banff in 1886–87, Van Horne personally redesigned and reoriented the plans so that the guests of the hotel would be able to see the vista of the Bow River.
From the 1920s forward, the National Parks of Canada began to focus on the economic benefits of accessible, mass marketable tourism.
Because of the self-purification powers of the cold, braided water, however, the Bow was incredibly effective as a natural sewage-treatment facility.
Pouring raw sewage into one of the main attractions of the park polluted both the river and, more importantly, the image of Banff.
There was also fear that continued reliance on the Bow as a natural sewer would either cap the development of Banff or eventually have great risk to public health.
The Bow River supplies the water for three irrigation districts in southern Alberta: the Eastern, Western, and Bow River irrigation districts.
The Eastern Irrigation District (EID), headquartered in Brooks, Alberta, was originally part of land that the federal government granted to the Canadian Pacific Railway in lieu of a portion of the payment for the construction of the railway.
In 1951, the Province of Alberta also established Kinbrook Island Provincial Park on the eastern bank of the Newell reservoir, which has been stocked with native species of fish.
The water of the WID, diverted at the Calgary Weir, is instrumental to southern Alberta agriculture and, unlike the other two districts, supports the urban needs city of Calgary.
It is able to supply both agricultural and urban needs since the WID has higher levels of rainfall than the other two districts, and it receives much of Calgary's storm water.
The Bow River Irrigation District (BRID), headquartered in Vauxhall, Alberta, was created in 1968, making it the most recent district to be supplied by the Bow.
This means that, for the second time in eight years, the BRID will increase its demand on the Bow River by roughly 10 percent.
Because of the dependence of the region on Bow River irrigation water, in the early 21st century all three irrigation districts began to make major changes in order to continue to serve their large mandated areas.
The irrigation districts are improving their irrigation system by changing most canals to pipelines in order to decrease contamination, spillage, and loss of water to evaporation.
A drawback of this change is that trees must be cleared in order to prevent roots from damaging the pipeline, changing the habitat.
in 1987 the EID in association with the Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division and Ducks Unlimited Canada established a partnership to create additional wildlife habitat within the Eastern Irrigation District's boundaries.
Serious anglers from all over the world visit the Bow River for its thriving population of brown trout and rainbow trout.
The Bow River holds a resident population of rainbow and brown trout that has one of the best growth rates to be found on any river system in the world today.
A trout that is 4 to 5 years old will be around long, and the Bow River holds many fish that are this size or larger.
Mainly the river is fished south of the city of Calgary, past where the water treatment sites dump into the river.
Outdoor adventurers use primarily three types of boats to enjoy the river, the inflatable boat, the Jon boat and the canoe.
There are several spots located on the river to launch watercraft, including Graves Landing, Highway 22X Bridge, Policeman's Flats and McKinnon Flats.
The Bow River pathway, is developed on both banks of the river throughout the city of Calgary and is used for cycling, hiking, jogging, as well as rollerblading and skateboarding.
Projects such as the McGregor, Chestermere, and Ghost dams were originally built for either agricultural or electrical purposes but are also important for the recreational facilities they offer.
Since their construction, the dams along the Bow River have played a central role in the development of the adjacent communities.
Following the construction of the Chestermere Dam in 1907, housing developments began to occur around the neighbouring lake and in 1992, because of these developments, Chestermere was declared a town.
Similarity, after a three-year refurbishing project ending in 1987, the town of Bassano, about northeast of the dam, began advertising the Bassano dam as a tourist attraction for the town.
In 1904 the Bow River Weir was constructed close to Calgary's downtown core in order to divert water into the Western Irrigation District.
Since its construction a side effect of the weir had been that it created a circulating wave, with a lethal and powerful undertow, immediately downstream of it.
Furthermore, because fish were not able to pass through the structure, they too became trapped in the circulating wave and a dense, unnatural concentration of pelicans congregated immediately following the weir.
In order to combat the circulating wave and undertow, in August 2007 the Province of Alberta through the Alberta Lottery fund, in conjunction with the Calgary Foundation and the City of Calgary, began construction of the Bow River Weir paddle around, named the Harvie Passage.
The passage allowed for the wave to be dispersed over a set of several smaller rapids while still supplying water to its irrigation district.
In June 2013, just a year after the project was completed, Calgary was hit with an epic 100 year flood and all of the Harvie Passage work was destroyed.
Returning flood-ravaged Harvie Passage to its short-lived status as a world-class water playground will cost the province millions and keep it closed until at least 2018.
It is estimated that rebuilding the Harvie Passage to the original intent of the project (completed in 2012) would cost an estimated $23.4 million.
Many lakes, glacial and artificial are found in the Bow Valley: Bow Lake, Hector Lake, Vermilion Lakes, Gap Lake, Lac des Arcs, and Ghost Lake on the upper course, and a few man-made reservoirs along the lower course.
Jón Páll Sigmarsson (28 April 1960 – 16 January 1993) was an Icelandic strongman, powerlifter and bodybuilder who was the first man to win the World's Strongest Man four times.
He took up Glima, a traditional Icelandic form of wrestling, at the age of five and later played football and handball, as well as competing in swimming, middle-distance running, and karate.
His achievements in powerlifting also include Icelandic records in the bench press (with , , and ) and the squat (with , , and ), but his best performances were usually in the deadlift event, in which he set the European record many times (with , , , and ) and multiple world records in strongman competition deadlift variations, such as the rectangular handled wheel and one handed deadlift.
Jón Páll was invited to the World's Strongest Man competition for the first time in 1983, in which he came in second only to Geoff Capes.
During the final armwrestling event, in which Jón Páll was up against him, Capes appeared to be winning, pulling Jón Páll's arm down convincingly, but sustained a muscle tear in his forearm as Jón Páll started to thrust his arm back.
Although Jón Páll was closely defeated by Capes at the 1985 World's Strongest Man, he managed to regain the title in 1986.
In 1986, Jón Páll first wrestled English author and Guinness World Record Holder Brian Sterling-Vete in a demonstration match for the TV news and print media held at Finnur Karlsson’s gymnasium in Reykjavík, Iceland.
Halfway through the match Jón and Sterling had plotted to surprise the audience with a supposed angry outburst leading to the two of them demonstrating their skills as martial artists.
In 1987, Jón Páll clashed with his arguably greatest rival - 3 times World's Strongest Man winner Bill Kazmaier of Burlington, Wisconsin, USA, who had not been invited to compete at World's Strongest Man again after winning the competition 3 times in a row from 1980 to 1982.
At Pure Strength 1987, a competition held in place of the absent World's Strongest Man competition of that year on the grounds of Huntly Castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Geoff Capes, Bill Kazmaier and Jón Páll matched up to crown the strongest man on the planet.
Jón Páll, being in the shape of his life, won the contest convincingly by winning 8 out of 10 events and even managed to beat Kazmaier, who was making his comeback into the strongman sport after having worked and travelled as a professional wrestler.
was shouted by Jón Páll when he won the deadlift event at this contest with a strongman world record lift of off a rectangular handled bar from knee height.
As expected Kazmaier dominated the static events while Jón Páll, who had shed body-weight to cater for all the dynamic tests of strength of World's Strongest Man instead of the latter statically orientated events of Pure Strength 1987, was often victorious in the more athletic, speed- and endurance-oriented events.
After a disappointing third place at the 1989 World's Strongest Man, Jón Páll was able to win the competition, while injured, for a record breaking fourth time in 1990.
Wilson, who was leading the competition with a comfortable 5½ points before the last event (a 200 m race with a 100 kg weight on the back), weighed and lacked the endurance and running speed to complete the course quickly enough and ended up losing by half a point to the much lighter and faster Jón Páll.
The 1990 World's Strongest Man proved to be Jón Páll's last appearance on the World's Strongest Man stage, as he was surpassed as the Icelandic number one by fellow countryman Magnús Ver Magnússon, who won the Iceland's Strongest Man title in 1988 and 1989 and continued Sigmarsson's legacy by emulating his 4 World's Strongest Man title wins during the 90's.
His charm and charisma off stage made him a crowd favourite and his supreme strength was manifested in his infamous and exuberant Viking chanted performances on stage.
With four Worlds Strongest Man titles, Jón Páll Sigmarsson is one of the five most successful competitors in the history of the contest.
He is only equaled by Magnús Ver Magnússon, Žydrūnas Savickas, and Brian Shaw with four titles and surpassed by Mariusz Pudzianowski with five titles.
Jón Páll was also one of a few strongmen who possessed the genetics that allowed him to master all forms of strength.
He was able to master the Olympic weightlifting lifts as well as exert tremendous static strength that allowed him to defeat some of the greatest powerlifters of all time.
This included his famous bodybuilding and strongman wins in 1988, where he had to contrast his heavy strongman training and bulk of up to with a cutting up phase to for the bodybuilding contests.
His weight remained consistently around for the World Strongest Man contests, where versatility would be compromised by heavy bodyweights, a point emphasized by Ab Wolders of the Netherlands in 1989, a fellow competitor.
Hjalti Árnason, a lifelong friend of Jón Páll's, created the Jón Páll Sigmarsson Classic international strongman contest in 2010 in honor of Jón Páll.
The event is held annually during the Icelandic fitness & health expo in Reykjavík, the inaugural winner was America's Brian Shaw in 2010.
After battling with the injuries sustained during 1988, 1989, and 1990, which had affected his athleticism, his strength became progressively more static in his later years.
Jon Pall was often challenged by fellow competitor Bill Kazmaier in feats of statically oriented events between contests because he believed the events were biased in Jón Páll's favour.
Kazmaier had travelled to Nigeria for a strength exhibition with Douglas Edmunds to break the deadlift world record by deadlifting with straps, Jon Pall then re-broke the record with a lift of in his gym in Iceland in front of spectators in 1987 at his heaviest bodyweight in preparation for Pure Strength 1987.
Although he was known for his energetic and boastful personality when competing, Jón Páll was a soft-spoken and bookish man in his personal life.
This was likely the result of a congenital heart defect that affected other members of his family, which may have been exacerbated by his use of anabolic steroids.
He had sought medical treatment in the United States the previous year due to heart problems and Sölvi Tryggvason in his 2013 biography of Jón Páll stated he suspected Jón Páll knew he was close to death.
He was also the first man ever to load a McGlashen stone and got into the Guinness Book of Records for lifting the world's largest whiskey bottle.
At about , Jæren is the largest flat lowland area in Norway, stretching from the municipality of Randaberg in the north to Hå in the south.
The coast is flat compared to the rest of the very mountainous Norwegian coast, and it has sandy beaches along most of the coastline.
The petroleum industry around Stavanger is an important part of economy of Jæren, with the headquarters of the country's largest oil company Statoil being located in Jæren, as well regional offices of international companies like ExxonMobil, Eni, Shell, ConocoPhillips, BP, Schlumberger, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, and several others.
Jæren is also one of the most important agricultural areas of Norway, with a long crop period and a varied and well-developed livestock production.
Industry here is also strongly connected to the farming industry, with one of the largest producers of agricultural machines in the world, Kverneland Group, located in Time and Klepp.
It comprises the coastline from the Stavanger Peninsula near the mouth of the great Boknafjorden all the way, south nearly to Egersund.
Some areas not traditionally in the area included in the district, and other areas are part of the Stavanger District Court.
Geographically speaking, the municipality of Gjesdal lies in the transition between Jæren and Dalane districts, but it is traditionally considered to be part of Jæren.
The Tarragon Theatre is a theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and one of the main centers for contemporary playwriting in the country.
Playwrights who have premiered their work here include Morwyn Brebner, David French, Michael Healey, Joan MacLeod, Morris Panych, James Reaney, Jason Sherman, Brendan Gall and Judith Thompson.
The theatre is housed in a building originally designed for light industrial use - for instance, it was once a cribbage board factory.
It has championed the work of Canadian playwrights David French, Michel Tremblay, Judith Thompson, Jason Sherman, Michael Healey and others, as well as productions of plays by canonical playwrights such as Anton Chekhov and August Strindberg.
The area takes its name from the Downs View farm established around 1842 near the present-day intersection of Keele Street and Wilson Avenue.
It now extends beyond the intersection of Sheppard Avenue and Dufferin Street (the latter which is bypassed by Allen Road in the vicinity of the intersection), though it is popularly seen as including the areas to the north right up to the Toronto city limit at Steeles Avenue.
Within the area is Downsview Airport, the former site of Canadian Forces Base Downsview, which has since been largely converted following the end of the Cold War into an urban park known as Downsview Park.
The center of the community was the Downsview United Church on Keele Street, which was erected in 1870 and designated a Toronto Heritage Property in 2008.
The facility was expanded during the 1930s and particularly during the Second World War, and became Canada's largest supplier of military, civilian and government-owned aircraft, as well as the site of several aviation firsts and record-breaking flights.
In the early Cold War period, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) built up the area as a major air station and logistics support base.
In the 1950s, the provincial government developed the Downsview Complex, which presently houses a number of provincial offices, as well as a detachment from the Ontario Provincial Police.
The military base and the de Havilland company, including the runway and all buildings, was closed and sold to Bombardier Aerospace in 1994.
Most of the houses were built immediately post-war and into the 1960s, though some houses and condos have been recently built near Sheppard West station.
Immediately beside Dufferin Street, William R. Allen Road brings large traffic volumes from the Ontario Highway 401 exit just a minute south.
On August 10, 2008, just before 4 a.m., massive explosions occurred at the Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases propane facility, at 54 Murray Rd., located immediately north-east of the intersection of Keele Street and Wilson Avenue.
Two public school boards operate schools in Morningside, the separate Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB).
The French first language public secular school board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde, and it separate counterpart, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir also offer schooling to applicable residents of Downsview, although they do not operate a school in the neighbourhood.
A number of these parks are situated near the valley of the Black Creek, as it flows south and west from Sheppard Avenue midway between Keele and Jane Streets.
In addition to parks, the division also operates several community centres in the neighbourhood, including Ancaster Community Centre, Chalkfarm Community Centre, and Roding Community Centre.
Downsview Park has also hosted several large public events, including a Papal Mass, attended by 800,000 people on 28 July 2002.
Several major roadways serve as the boundary for Downsview, with Sheppard Avenue to the north, Allen Road to the east, Highway 401 to the south, and Highway 400 to the west.
Portions of Allen Road adjacent to Downsview also operate as a controlled access highway, although it is maintained by the City of Toronto, and not the provincial government.
Another stop on Line 1, Sheppard West station, is situated adjacent of the neighbourhood, on the eastern side of Allen Road.
Mont Tremblant Ski Resort (commonly referred to as Tremblant) is a year-round resort in the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec, Canada, located about northwest of Montreal.
It is best known as a ski destination, but also features Lake Tremblant suitable for swimming and two golf courses in the summer months.
Accompanied by Harry Wheeler (founder of the Gray Rocks Inn in Mont Tremblant) and Lowell Thomas, the American journalist, they climbed to the summit of Mont Tremblant with skis wrapped in seal skins for traction.
After an exhausting trek to the summit, it's said that Joseph Ryan vowed to transform the landscape into a world-class alpine village.
In its early years, Lowell Thomas, the American radio broadcaster, was an avid skier who helped popularize the resort by broadcasting shows from the site, thereby establishing the resort as a prime destination for skiers.
The resort named a triple ski lift, which is located on the north mountainside, and trails after him as well as other early devotees.
Following the sudden death of Joseph Bondurant Ryan in 1950, the Mont Tremblant ski resort was operated by his wife Mary Rutherfoord Johnson Ryan until 1965, when it was sold to local Quebec entrepreneurs led by André Charron.
Intrawest immediately expanded the pedestrian resort village with architecture reminiscent of traditional Quebec and built new ski lifts, including a gondola.
Joseph Bondurant Ryan is buried next to the St. Bernard Chappel which he built in 1940-41 at the base of the alpine village, along with his wife Mary and son Peter, who died in Paris, France in 1962 at the age of 22 as a result of an auto racing accident.
Peter Ryan was an accomplished champion skier who'd been named to the Canadian Olympic ski team, but had switched to auto racing after a 1959 skiing accident.
He quickly showed tremendous talent in auto racing and was the first Canadian in Formula One auto racing and the winner of the first Canadian Grand Prix held at Mosport in 1961.
On March 16, 2009, actress Natasha Richardson sustained a head injury when she fell while taking a beginner skiing lesson at the resort.
The main resort has more than of ski and snowboarding trails in four distinct areas: North Side (Versant Nord), South Side (Versant Sud), Sunny Side (Versant Soleil) and The Edge (Versant Edge).
The resort features 13 ski lifts, consisting of 2 gondolas (including Télécabine Casino Express), 6 detachable chairlifts, 2 regular chairlifts and 3 magic carpets.
An open-air gondola, or cabriolet lift, is used to transport skiers above the village from the parking lot to the bottom of the mountain.
There is also a ski trail running through the village for skiers to access the lower level of the village and transportation.
Mont Tremblant has year-round activities which take advantage of the surrounding environment (mountains, forest, lakes and rivers); most are set up on daily schedules and usually take the form of tours in small groups and are accessible to families; most are run by independent operators or specialized guides.
Summer activities include, all-terrain vehicle tours, croisieres, boating, canoeing trips, cycling, dune buggy tours, fishing tours, golf, helicopter tours, hiking, horse back riding, lake cruises, mountain biking, paintball games, rafting, rock climbing school, spas, via ferrata, waterskiing and wakeboarding, white-water rafting, and zip-lines.
Winter activities include cross-country skiing, dogsledding, downhill skiing and ski schools, helicopter tours, ice-climbing, ice fishing, ice skating, paintball, sleigh rides, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, tubing, spas and via ferrata.
Mont Tremblant has a wide variety of hotel and condo accommodations, many of which are situated in the pedestrian village at the foot of the mountain.
There are additional condo and chalet accommodations located adjacent to the pedestrian village which are managed by the resort's rental agency or other private rental agencies.
These accommodations feature shuttle bus service which provides guests some of the same convenience afforded to people staying in the pedestrian village.
The resort or rental agencies act as a rental broker for these properties by handling maintenance, reservations and other guest-related tasks on behalf of owners.
The ski trails connect with other ski trails in neighboring towns, making it possible for nature lovers to undertake ski excursions lasting several days going (or coming from) as far south as Blainville, Quebec on the outskirts of Montreal.
The network of cross-country ski trails consists of over 100 km of terrain, much of which follows the Diable river and its adjacent coniferous forest.
The cycling/multifunctional path was built on an abandoned right-of-way of the Montreal-Mont Laurier railway; so cyclists do not have to share a path with motorized vehicles.
Created by Tony Jordan, it was produced by Kudos Film and Television, and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom.
The show premiered on 24 February 2004, and ran for eight series, with its final episode aired on 17 February 2012.
The show's most notable qualities are plots that involve behind-the-scenes action that the viewers are unaware of until near the end of an episode, along with fantasy scenes and occasional breaches of the fourth wall by the main actors.
Although conmen, the team display a moral, honourable code within their team, which include sometimes helping others who have been victims of their mark, often with anonymous financial compensation to them, and never stealing anything that doesn't belong to them, instead borrowing them for the con and then returning them afterwards.
For each mark, the team focuses on background research to uncover any issues they may face as well as a weakness in them that they can exploit, such as a passion for something they love, or an issue they are facing.
Although episodes feature stand-alone stories and are not referenced in later episodes, some series have featured sub-plots that occur during its broadcast, or make reference to events that occurred in previous episodes.
In one such example, the first half of the third series features a sub-plot in that the team manage to pull off some long cons despite nearly suffering misfortune, which they later resolve after one of the characters determines what was causing them to suffer such bad luck.
The first notable quality is that each episode's plot tends to have an element of mystery surrounding it, usually in the form of misleading story elements – what viewers may believe to be happening within the episode, will eventually turn out to be not the full story.
An example of this is that the viewers could be led to believe that a con has gone wrong towards the end and that the team have failed, only to witness that the mark has still be conned of money by them.
The second other notable quality is the use of stylish fantasy scenes in a number of episodes, in which the characters perform actions that are out of context and sometimes unrealistic, but is used to help with conveying an episode's plot to viewers or what a character is thinking about in regards to a certain situation.
One such example of this can be for the scene to suddenly be stopped in mid-action, and the main characters being able to freely move around and interact with each other, and possibly anything else within the frozen scene.
In some episodes, the main characters break the fourth wall to either give a subtle, discreet physical tell to alert the viewers of what they are up to (i.e.
a small smile), or to give an explanation to viewers about certain aspects they are doing or the situation they are in.
Jordan quickly produced some initial script drafts, which Featherstone took to the BBC; Gareth Neame, Head of Drama Commissioning, rapidly approved a six-part series.
So when I watched some of it on tape I was totally amazed that you couldn't see how frightened I really was.
In addition to the lead actors, the production team recruited a number of actors, both major and minor, to play the marks in each episode; including David Haig, Tamzin Outhwaite, and David Calder.
Murray, by contrast, claimed that the hardest scene to film was from the fourth episode, when Danny loses spectacularly to Stacie in strip poker and ends up entirely naked.
Before the first series had finished airing, the BBC had sold rebroadcast licenses to TV channels in twelve countries, including Italy, Norway, Germany, Israel, Russia and the Netherlands.
In response to the extremely positive reaction, the BBC recommissioned the show for a second series on 17 March 2004, after just three episodes had aired.
The second series retained much of the initial production team including Jordan as lead scriptwriter, and introduced Karen Wilson as producer.
The programme retained all of the lead actors from the first series; guest actors appearing the second run included Lee Ingleby, Fay Ripley, and Robert Llewellyn.
In addition to exclusive broadcast rights to the first and second series in the United States, AMC also took the position of co-production partner on the third series, already in pre-production, with the option to take the same position on a fourth series.
The first two series premiered in the US in January 2006 on AMC The BBC also secured new licensing deals with broadcasters in Australia and New Zealand.
The documentary follows three genuine hustlers – a magician and professional gambler, a glamorous actress, and a professional sleight-of-hand artist and crooked gambling consultant – as they pull short-cons on unsuspecting businesses and members of the public.
All five of the lead actors again reprised their roles in the third series, which featured guest stars including Richard Chamberlain, Linford Christie, Sara Cox and Paul Nicholls.
Despite the increased funding AMC provided, which allowed the writers to set episodes in Las Vegas and Los Angeles, the series was quickly mired in casting concerns.
The BBC confirmed Adrian Lester's departure in September 2006, elevating Marc Warren's character to the lead role and casting Ashley Walters as a new member of the group.
Guest stars in the series included: Richard Arnold as Himself, Frances Barber as Clarissa, Mark Holden as Bouncer, Rob Jarvis as Eddie, Vinette Robinson, Malcolm Sinclair (actor), and Elizabeth Tan (English actress) as Lu Choi.
Series Five debuted on 8 January 2009 with the return of Adrian Lester, the departure of cast members Marc Warren and Jaime Murray, and the arrival of Matt Di Angelo and Kelly Adams as their replacements.
The series resumed production in the summer of 2008; in addition, the title sequence that had been used in the last four series was changed with a new animation sequence and a much more electronic and contemporary version of the theme tune.
This was the second series to be filmed in Birmingham, the fourth in HD and the third series featuring all of the current cast.
Guest stars in this series included Anna Chancellor, Angela Griffin, David Harewood, Clive Swift, Hannah Gordon, Claire Goose, Denis Lawson, and Roger Lloyd-Pack.
The eighth series started airing on 13 January 2012 on BBC1 at 9 pm after being pushed back from 6 January.
Creator Tony Jordan said that it would be the last series for at least a while; later, the BBC announced that there would not be a series 9.
This was the third series to be filmed in Birmingham, the fifth in HD and the fourth series featuring all of the current cast.
In October 2005, it was announced that the BBC had sold United States screening rights for the first two series to cable television station AMC, who joined as a production partner for the third run.
Typically, the BBC would air the episode in the UK and then 6 to 9 months later they would air in the US on AMC.
However, due to the additional funding that AMC provided for the production, Series 4 debuted in the US on 18 April 2007, prior to airing in the UK.
As a result of AMC's increased involvement, the first and final episodes of series 4 were filmed on location in Los Angeles and Las Vegas.
The series has also been shown in other countries such as New Zealand, Australia (both on ABC1 and Foxtel's UKTV), Germany on RTL Crime, Japan, Sweden on SVT, Italy on La7 and Finland on MTV3.
Due to scheduling conflicts, Marc Warren and Jaime Murray did not feature in series five, with Matt Di Angelo and Kelly Adams joining the cast.
In February 2009, executive producer, Simon Crawford Collins stated that the movie was to be produced by a major United States studio.
Several series of the show have been released on 2-disc DVDs in both Europe and North America with the final series 8 also released on Blu-ray in Germany but with the cut 50-minute versions.
The UK, Region 2, release of Series One erroneously contained the US edited versions of the episodes, and not the full uncut episodes as originally seen on BBC One.
The first four series have been released in Region 1 (North America), but BBC Video has yet to issue further series to DVD in that part of the world.
The Australian (Region 4) releases of series 1 to 4 use NTSC format despite PAL being the format used in that region, and being the original production format of the series.
The title sequence, created by Berger & Wyse, was nominated for a Royal Television Society Award (2005), a BAFTA (2006) and an Emmy (2007).
The title music, composed by Simon Rogers was also nominated for the Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music Emmy in 2007.
Prince Paul of Yugoslavia was the only son of Prince Arsen of Serbia, younger brother of King Peter I, and of Princess and Countess Aurora Pavlovna Demidova, a granddaughter on one side of the Finnish philanthropist Aurora Karamzin and her Russian husband Prince and Count Pavel Nikolaievich Demidov and on the other of the Russian Prince Peter Troubetzkoy and his wife Elisabeth Esperovna, by birth a Princess Belosselsky-Belozersky.
Paul was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he was a member of the exclusive Bullingdon Club – a dining club notorious for its wealthy members, grand banquets and boisterous rituals.
Cultivated like his closest friends Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Sir Henry Channon, his outlook on life was said to be British.
A cultured and easy-going bon vivant who inspired much affection from his friends, Paul when not associating with the British aristocracy collected paintings by Monet, Titian and van Gogh.
On 9 October 1934 Vlado Chernozemski assassinated Paul's first-cousin, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, in Marseille in France, and Prince Paul took the regency, as Alexander had stipulated in his Will that on his death a council of regents chaired by Paul should govern until Alexander's son Peter II came of age.
Prince Paul, far more than Alexander, was Yugoslav rather than Serb in outlook, and unlike Alexander, he was inclined much more toward democracy.
In its broadest outline, his domestic policy worked to eliminate the heritage of the Alexandrine dictatorship's centralism, censorship, and military control, and to pacify the country by solving the Serb-Croat problem.
Paul wanted to achieve a Serb-Croat reconciliation, but also felt for a considerable period of time that he had the duty to hand over the kingdom to Peter more or less unchanged when he reached his majority, and thus was unwilling to entertain constitutional changes.
Paul had been thrust into a position of power by Alexander's assassination that he did not want (which was why Alexander had chosen him in his will to serve as a regent, knowing he would never try to seize the throne from his son), and throughout his regency, he gave the impression that ruling Yugoslavia was a burden to him.
The heavy losses taken by Serbia in World War I made Paul very averse to engaging in another war and led him to favoring neutralist policies despite Yugoslavia's alliance with France.
During the First World War, Serbia had proportionally taken the heaviest losses; one out of five Serbs who were alive in 1914 were dead by 1918.
Stojadinović believed that the solution to the Great Depression were closer economic ties with Germany, which had more people than what it could feed and lacked many of the raw materials necessary for a modern industrial economy.
Yugoslavia had signed a treaty of alliance with France in 1927, at a time when the Rhineland was still occupied by France, and during Franco-Yugoslav staff talks, it was promised that France would take the offensive into western Germany if Germany should start another war.
As long as the Rhineland remained a demilitarized zone, there was always the possibility of the French launching an offensive into western Germany, which reassured Yugoslavia.
The remilitarization of the Rhineland on 7 March 1936 meant that Germany started building the West Wall along its border with France, which ended any hope of a French offensive into western Germany.
On 15–20 June 1936, the chiefs of staff of the Little Entente (Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) met in Bucharest to discuss their plans now that the Rhineland was re-militarized.
The gloomy conclusion of the Bucharest meeting was that France was not a factor in Eastern Europe, and henceforward there were only two great powers in Eastern Europe, namely the Soviet Union and Germany, and the victory of either in another war would mean the end of their independence.
Despite his pro-British and pro-French feelings, Paul believed in the aftermath of the remilitarization of the Rhineland that Yugoslavia needed to tilt its foreign policy towards Germany.
Stojadinović, who openly admired Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, made a major diplomatic push with the tacit support of the Prince Regent for better relations with the fascist states in the winter of 1936-37.
Without informing France, Czechoslovakia or Romania, Stojadinović signed an agreement with Italy on 25 March 1937 that badly weakened the Little Entente.
Just before Stojadinović signed the treaty, Paul let the British minister in Belgrade, Ronald Campbell, know of what was being planned.
Paul seems to have believed that if Yugoslavia was seen as failing within the Italian sphere of influence, then this might prompt a British response to pull Yugoslavia in the other direction.
On 4 February 1939, Paul dismissed Stojadinović as prime minister and at that point the Yugoslav tilt towards the Axis was stopped.
On 15 March 1939, Germany occupied the Czech half of the rump state of Czecho-Slovakia (as Czechoslovakia had been renamed in October 1938), turning it into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
Later, when the Italians did annex Albania on Easter weekend 1939, Paul declined to make a protest, which severely strained relations with Yugoslavia's Balkan Pact ally Turkey, which protested most vehemently against the annexation of a Muslim majority nation which the Turks had historically close ties with.
The Italian annexation of Albania led to Italy controlling both sides of the Strait of Otranto, and thus allowed the Italians to cut Yugoslavia off from access to the rest of the world.
As Paul was about to make a state visit to Italy, he found the statement from the Turkish ambassador in Belgrade suggesting that Yugoslavia work with Turkey in the spirit of the Anglo-Turkish declaration to resist any further Italian advances in the Balkans very poorly timed and made it clear that he wanted nothing to do with the Turkish proposal.
However, Paul did back a plan floated by the Turkish foreign minister Şükrü Saracoğlu for Bulgaria to join the Balkan Pact, and in a letter urged King Carol II of Romania to cede part of the Dobruja region as the price of Bulgaria joining the Balkan Pact.
In his letter, Paul stressed the importance of stopping Italy from gobbling up more Balkan nations, which required getting the Bulgarians out of the Italian sphere of influence (King Boris III of Bulgaria was married to the daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy).
Unlike the Hungarians, whom Paul felt would never abandon their claims against Yugoslavia, the Bulgarians were felt to be more tractable.
After Germany and Italy, Hungary was the nation that Paul worried about the most as he noted that Danube river valley ran down from the Hungarian plain straight to Belgrade.
At the same time, Yugoslavia began staff talks with Greece with the aim of resisting an Italian invasion of either nation.
After talking to Raymond Brugère, the French minister in Belgrade, the latter promised the prince regent that he would fly to Paris personally to lobby for Yugoslavia.
On 29 June 1939, it was that announced that the Bank Seligmannn of Paris was going to make a loan of 600 million francs to Yugoslavia that was to be spent on weapons for the Yugoslav military.
The Germans had broken the Yugoslav diplomatic codes and were well aware of Paul's attempts to play off the Axis powers against the Allied powers to secure the best deal for Yugoslavia; Paul's salvation in 1939 rested with the fact that Germany was about to invade Poland and needed raw materials from Yugoslavia like bauxite and copper to keep the German armaments industry going.
In 1939, Prince Paul, as acting head of state, accepted an official invitation from Adolf Hitler and spent nine days in Berlin.
For the first part of his trip, Paul stayed at Bellevue, an old imperial palace and then for the last three days, at Goring's estate at Karinhall.
Despite all the pomp, Paul during his visit to Germany repeatedly refused the demands made by his hosts to sign an economic agreement that would have turned Yugoslavia into a German economic colony or some overt pro-Axis gesture like pulling Yugoslavia out of the League of Nations and signing the Anti-Comintern Pact.
In return for readjusting the exchange rate, Paul forced the Germans to finally deliver some of the aircraft that Yugoslavia had paid for in advance in 1938, but the Germans kept finding excuses not to deliver.
While he was in Germany, Paul dispatched General Petar Pešić on a secret mission to Paris and London to find out what were the Anglo-French plans in the event of a war.
Pešić told Lord Gort of the British General Staff and French Marshal Maurice Gamelin that Yugoslavia would declare neutrality if Germany invaded Poland, but would be willing to enter the war on the Allied side the moment the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas came under Allied operational control.
Pešić found that the French, who preferred that fighting take place in anywhere but France, were far more interested in having Yugoslavia enter the conflict if the Danzig crisis should lead to a war than the British.
From Marshal Gamelin he learned the French were already planning on having the Army of the Levant commanded by Maxime Weygand land at Thessaloniki to march up the Balkans to link up with the Yugoslavs and the Romanians to aid the Poles.
The same month, when the Romanian Foreign Minister, Grigore Gafencu, visited Belgrade, Paul spoke to him of his wish for both Yugoslavia and Romania to have closer ties with Britain.
Despite repeated pressure from both the German and Italian ministers in Belgrade, Paul refused their demand that Yugoslavia leave the League of Nations as a symbolic move to show that Yugoslavia was now associated with the Axis states.
As Germany and Japan had both left the League of Nations in 1933 while Italy had left the League in 1937, the Axis powers always attached immense symbolic importance to having other nations leaving the League as showing diplomatic alignment with them.
From Pešić, Paul learned that he had the impression that on one hand, the French were keen to start a second front in the Balkans in the event of war while on the other hand that the French Navy would play only a defensive role, guarding convoys from Algeria to France.
Paul ordered that the Yugoslav National Bank's gold reserves be transferred to London as a sign of his faith in Britain.
During the same visit, he was installed as a Knight of the Garter, the most important British order of chivalry, by King George VI, which greatly offended Hitler, who complained that Paul's heart was with the British.
It was Paul's belief that even if Mussolini declared neutrality at first that it was inevitable that he would come into the war on Germany's side at some point.
Paul very much wanted an Anglo-French landing at the Greek city of Thessaloniki in the event of war as he believed that this was the only way that Yugoslavia could resist a German invasion.
At the same that Paul was visiting London, the Yugoslav minister of finance Vojin Đuričić was in Paris where he signed on 14 July an agreement with the Premier Édouard Daladier for France to sell Yugloslavia anti-aircraft guns, trucks, howitzers, anti-tank guns, machine guns, tanks and tank transporters.
Paul supported Prime Minister Dragiša Cvetković's efforts to reach an understanding with Maček, as despite his wish to hand over Yugoslavia unchanged to King Peter when he reached his majority, he felt that an end to the Serb-Croat dispute was the best way to allow Yugoslavia to survive the coming storm.
The central government retained control of the monarchy, foreign affairs, national defence, foreign trade, commerce, transport, public security, religion, mining, weights and measures, insurance, and education policy, but Croatia was to have its own legislature in Zagreb, with a separate budget.
The prince regent warned if Germany conquered Poland, then Italy would sooner or later enter the war, and if that happened, the Italian forces in Albania with support from Bulgaria would be used to threaten the other Balkan states.
Brugère, who very much liked Paul, proved more sympathetic, and in a dispatch to Paris urged that France land a force at Thessaloniki if Germany should invade Poland.
The news of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact was an especially bitter blow for Paul as it ensured that the two strongest powers in Eastern Europe would be working together, and ended the regent's hopes of an Anglo-French alliance which might finally rid Yugoslavia of the constant Italian efforts to undermine national unity.
Paul repeatedly pressed for a revival of the Salonika Front strategy of First World War, arguing that if French and British forces landed at Thessaloniki, which would place them in a position to aid Yugoslavia, then he might lean more towards the Allied side.
During the Phony War, a popular, if erroneous rumor in Croatia that Paul was planning to enter the war on the Allied side and send Croat regiments to man the Maginot Line in France increased support for Croat separatism.
In the second note the Axis powers promised not to ask Yugoslavia for any military assistance, and in the third they promised not to ask permission to move military forces across Yugoslav territory during the war.
On 27 March 1941, two days after Yugoslavia had signed the Tripartite Pact, Yugoslav military figures with British support forcibly removed Paul from power and declared King Peter II of age.
For the remainder of the war, Prince Paul was kept, with his family, under house arrest by the British in Kenya.
His sister-in-law the Duchess of Kent and her husband the Duke, appealed to Winston Churchill, hoping he would allow Paul and his wife, Princess Olga, to take refuge in Britain.
After the Duke of Kent's death in 1942, Churchill relented to King George's insistence and allowed Olga to fly to London to comfort her sister–although without her husband, who had been extremely close to the late Duke.
The post-war Communist authorities in Yugoslavia had Prince Paul proclaimed an enemy of the state, barred him from ever returning to Yugoslavia, and confiscated all of his property in Yugoslavia.
Princess Elizabeth, his only daughter, obtained information from the British Special Operations Executive files in the Foreign Office in London and published them in Belgrade, in the 1990 edition of the Serbian-language biography of her father.
Prince Paul was rehabilitated by the Serbian courts in 2011 and on 6 October 2012 was reburied at the family crypt of Oplenac, near Topola in central Serbia, together with his wife Olga and son Nikola.
Prince Paul was the father of Princess Elizabeth, Prince Alexander, and Prince Nikola, and was the grandfather of the American author Christina Oxenberg and American actress Catherine Oxenberg.
Prince Paul, together with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia collected, donated and dedicated a large number of art works to Serbia and the Serbian people, including foreign masterpieces.
Most of the works are in the National Museum of Serbia, including work by artists such as Rubens, Renoir, Monet, Titian, Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin etc.
His best lifts in competition include a 437.5 kg (964.5 lb) squat, 400 kg (882 lb) raw squat, 275 kg (605 lb) bench press with shirt and 250 kg raw bench press, 375 kg (827 lb) raw deadlift, and a raw total of 1015 kg (2238 lb).
Magnús competed in his first strongman contest in 1985, finishing third in the Iceland's Strongest Man competition won by Jón Páll Sigmarsson.
His strongman victories include the 1989 Pure Strength contest in Scotland, the 1991 and 1993 International Power Challenge, the 1992 Scandinavian Strongest Man (Finland), the 1992 Nordic Strongest Man (Denmark), the 1994 Europe's Strongest Man, the 1995 World Muscle Power Championship, and the 1995 and 1997 Viking Challenge.
He has also won the Iceland's strongest man competition many times and the West coast Viking (Vestfjarðavíkingurinn) of Iceland nine times.
He is considered to be one of the first modern strongman competitors and is regarded by many to be one of the best strongmen of all time.
He carried Jón Páll's formula of being athletic for the dynamic tests of strength and having tremendous static strength to out lift some of the best Powerlifters.
He was able to easily out deadlift the favoured O.D Wilson by 40 kg in 1991 and out squatted the world record holder in the squat, Gerrit Badenhorst, in 1995.
After Magnus squatted 437.5 kg, Badenhorst commented that he had previously underestimated Magnus' pure strength and that Magnus' squat was the greatest squat he had ever seen from someone of his bodyweight.
Magnús lives with his wife Maggý Mýrdal, who is a company owner of a design store Fonts, her daughter Sóldögg María, and his daughter Vera Mist, in Norðlingaholt, Iceland.
The name Jakaból is a reference to an old gym in Reykjavík where Jón Páll Sigmarsson and many other Icelandic legends used to train.
A narrator is a personal character or a non-personal voice that the creator (author) of the story develops to deliver information to the audience, particularly about the plot.
The narrator may be an anonymous, non-personal, or stand-alone entity; the author as a character; or some other character appearing and participating within their own story, whether fictitious or factual.
The narrator is considered a participant if they are a character within the story, and a non-participant if they merely relate the story to the audience without being involved in the plot.
Some stories have multiple narrators to illustrate the storylines of various characters at the various times, creating a story with a complex perspective.
In traditional literary narratives (such as novels, short stories, and memoirs), narration is a required story element; in other types of (chiefly non-literary) narratives, such as plays, television shows, video games, and films, narration is merely optional.
The Russian literary critic, Boris Uspensky, identifies five planes on which point of view is expressed in a narrative: 1) spatial, 2) temporal, 3) psychological, 4) phraseological, and 5) ideological.
The spatial position of the narrator may create for the reader affinity to a character's point of view, or it can have the opposite effect of establishing distance from a character's perspective.
Temporal point of view refers to the distance between the moment of writing and when the events of the narrative take place.
For example, when events are narrated after they have occurred (posterior narration), the narrator is in a privileged position to the characters in the story and can delve into the deeper significance of events and happenings, pointing out the missteps and missed meanings of the characters.
Narrative retardation (slowing down of narration) foregrounds events and suggests what is to be noticed by the reader, whereas summation or acceleration of narrative pace places events and happenings in the background, diminishing their importance.
Negative comments distance the reader from a character's point of view while positive evaluations create affinity with his or her perspective.
For example, the names, titles, epithets, and sobriquets given to a character may evaluate a character's actions or speech and express a narrative point of view.
This aspect of point of view focuses on the norms, values, beliefs, and Weltanschauung (worldview) of the narrator or a character.
Frequently, the first-person narrator is the protagonist, whose inner thoughts are expressed to the audience, even if not to any of the other characters.
Thus, a narrator with this perspective will not be able to report the circumstances fully and will leave the reader with a subjective record of the plot details.
Additionally, this narrator's character could be pursuing a hidden agenda or may be struggling with mental or physical challenges that further hamper their ability to tell the reader the whole, accurate truth of events.
This form includes temporary first-person narration as a story within a story, wherein a narrator or character observing the telling of a story by another is reproduced in full, temporarily and without interruption shifting narration to the speaker.
The narrator may be addressing the audience directly, but more often the second-person referent of these stories is a character within the story.
This makes it clear that the narrator is an unspecified entity or uninvolved person who conveys the story and is not a character of any kind within the story, or at least is not referred to as such.
It does not require that the narrator's existence be explained or developed as a particular character, as would be the case with a first-person narrator.
While the tendency for novels (or other narrative works) is to adopt a single point of view throughout the entire novel, some authors have utilized other points of view that, for example, alternate between different first-person narrators or alternate between a first- and a third-person narrative mode.
Often, a narrator using the first person will try to be more objective by also employing the third person for important action scenes, especially those in which they are not directly involved or in scenes where they are not present to have viewed the events in firsthand.
It alternates between both boys telling their part of the story, how they meet and how their lives then come together.
The narrative voice is essential for storytelling, as this sets up the story for the reader, for example, by viewing a character's thought processes, reading a letter written for someone, or retelling a character's experiences.
A stream of consciousness voice gives the (typically first-person) narrator's perspective by attempting to replicate the thought processes—as opposed to simply the actions and spoken words—of the narrative character.
Often, interior monologues and inner desires or motivations, as well as pieces of incomplete thoughts, are expressed to the audience but not necessarily to other characters.
In this situation, the narrator is no longer an unspecified entity; rather, the narrator is a more relatable, realistic character who may or may not be involved in the actions of the story and who may or may not take a biased approach in the storytelling.
This mode may be employed to give the audience a deliberate sense of disbelief in the story or a level of suspicion or mystery as to what information is meant to be true and what is meant to be false.
The first is the subjectivity/objectivity axis, with third person subjective narration involving one or more characters' personal feelings and thoughts, and third person objective narration not describing the feelings or thoughts of any characters but, rather, just the exact facts of the story.
A third person omniscient narrator conveys information from multiple characters, places, and events of the story, including any given characters' thoughts, and a third person limited narrator conveys the knowledge and subjective experience of just one character.
A story in this narrative mode is presented by a narrator with an overarching point of view, seeing and knowing everything that happens within the world of the story, including what each of the characters is thinking and feeling.
One advantage of narrative omniscience is that it enhances the sense of objective reliability (that is, apparent truthfulness) of the plot, which may be important with more complex narratives.
The third-person omniscient narrator is the least capable of being unreliable—although the character of omniscient narrator can have its own personality, offering judgments and opinions on the behavior of the story characters.
Certain third-person omniscient modes are also classifiable as using the third person, subjective mode when they switch between the thoughts and feelings of all the characters.
At its narrowest and most subjective scope, the story reads as though the viewpoint character were narrating it; dramatically this is very similar to the first person, in that it allows in-depth revelation of the protagonist's personality, but it uses third-person grammar.
The third-person objective mode employs a narrator who tells a story without describing any character's thoughts, opinions, or feelings; instead, it gives an objective, unbiased point of view.
While this approach does not allow the author to reveal the unexpressed thoughts and feelings of the characters, it does allow the author to reveal information that not all or any of the characters may be aware of.
The third person indirect style is a method of presenting a character's voice freely and spontaneously in the middle of an otherwise third-person non-personal narrator.
In this case, an author will move back and forth between a more omniscient third-person narrator to a more personal third-person limited narrator.
In narration using the past tense, the events of the plot are depicted as occurring before the time at which the narrative is constructed; this is by far the most common tense in which stories are expressed.
The future tense is the most rare, portraying the events of the plot as occurring some time after the present moment, in a time-period yet to come.
Often, these upcoming events are described such that the narrator has foreknowledge (or supposed foreknowledge) of the future, so many future-tense stories have a prophetic tone.
This practice is also encountered occasionally in text-based segments of graphical games, such as those from Spiderweb Software, which make ample use of second person flavor text in pop up text boxes with character and location descriptions.
Francisco de Assis França (March 13, 1966 – February 2, 1997), better known as Chico Science, was a Brazilian singer and composer and one of the founders of the manguebeat cultural movement.
He became the lead singer and major creative driving force of the groundbreaking Mangue Bit band called Chico Science & Nação Zumbi (CSNZ).
Influenced by such musicians as James Brown, Grandmaster Flash and Kurtis Blow, their music cleverly fused rock, funk, and hip hop with maracatu and other traditional rhythms of Brazil's Northeast.
Around 1991, Chico Science, along with singer Fred 04 of the band Mundo Livre S/A, founded the Mangue Bit cultural movement in response to dire economic and cultural stagnation in Recife and Olinda.
CSNZ made their US debut at New York's Central Park Summerstage in 1995, opening for Gilberto Gil, with whom he collaborated during the encore.
While in NY, they also performed additional shows at CBGB's, SOB's and at Bryant Park as part of the JVC Jazz Festival, on a bill with the Ohio Players.
Chico Science & Nação Zumbi toured several times in Europe and brought massive attention to the new generation of Brazilian artists in the 1990s.
With only two full albums released during his lifetime, 'Da Lama Ao Caos' ('From Mud To Chaos) and 'Afrociberdelia', his influence and vision became the foundation to a whole new generation of musicians in Brazil.
That year, 10 acts earned their first number one song, such as Gloria Gaynor, Amii Stewart, Blondie, Peaches & Herb, Anita Ward, The Knack, Robert John, M, Styx, and Rupert Holmes.
The Bee Gees and Donna Summer were the only acts to have more than one song reach number one, with three.
Operation Mobilization is a Christian missionary organization founded by George Verwer to mobilize young people to live and share the Gospel of Jesus.
OM's core values are knowing and glorifying God, living in submission to God's Word, being people of grace & integrity, serving sacrificially, loving & valuing people, evangelizing the world, reflecting the diversity of the body of Christ, global intercession, and esteeming the church.
George Verwer, OM's founder and leader until 2003, received a Gospel of John from a local woman while still in high school in the 1950s.
In 1955, Verwer became a Christian at a Billy Graham meeting at Madison Square Garden, and made a commitment to global missions and spreading God's Word on a massive scale.
Operation Mobilization started in 1957 when Walter Borchard, Dale Rhoton and George Verwer traveled to Mexico to distribute Christian literature and Gospels.
Verwer's vision for the global mission was that leadership would come from the local Christian community, wherever possible, rather than from foreigners (Randall 2008).
In Summer 1962 OM's first short-term missions teams moved into Europe, coming from the UK, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, the US and elsewhere.
In the summer of 1963 more than 2,000 people blanketed Europe to encourage Christians and to carry God's Word throughout the continent and find creative ways of getting it behind the Iron Curtain.
OM and Verwer's vision for spreading the Gospel expanded to the seas with the purchase of the ship MV Logos in October 1970.
Lawrence Tong, from Singapore, took over the OM leadership from Peter Maiden, from the UK, who had served and led in the role since 2003.
The OM ships have visited port cities throughout the world, supplying literature, encouraging cross-cultural understanding, training young people for more effective life and service, providing relief, and sharing a message of hope in God wherever there is an opportunity.
In total, over 45 million visitors have come aboard to purchase from the selection of 5,000 titles available in the ships' floating bookstores.
Titles cover a wide range of subjects, such as science, sports, hobbies, cookery, the arts, philosophy, medicine and children's books, as well as faith and life.
The books have been carefully chosen to be of interest to every member of the family, and with the educational, social and moral needs of the local community in mind.
Exhibition Place is a publicly owned mixed-use district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located by the shoreline of Lake Ontario, just west of downtown.
The site includes exhibit, trade, and banquet centres, theatre and music buildings, monuments, parkland, sports facilities, and a number of civic, provincial, and national historic sites.
From mid-August through Labour Day each year, the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), which is now a private company, from which the name Exhibition Place is derived, is held on the grounds.
For entertainment, the CNE provides a midway of rides and games, music concerts at the Bandshell, featured shows at the Coliseum, and the Canadian International Air Show.
The fair is one of the largest and most successful of its kind in North America and an important part of the culture of Toronto.
Five buildings on the site (the Fire Hall/Police Station, Government Building, Horticulture Building, Music Building and Press Building), were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1988.
Exhibition Place is a rectangular site located length-wise along the north shoreline of Lake Ontario to the west of downtown Toronto.
There is a large open paved area in the southern central section, which is used for parking and the temporary amusements of the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE).
The eastern entrance to Exhibition Place is marked by the large ceremonial Princes' Gates, named for Edward, Prince of Wales, and his brother, Prince George, who visited in 1927.
South of the grounds is Ontario Place, a theme park built in 1971 on landfill in Lake Ontario, and operated by the government of Ontario.
As of 2014, the organization had 133 full-time employees, up to 700 during major events, contributed $11 million annually to the City of Toronto, and attracted 5.3 million visitors annually to the site.
The small fort Fort Rouillé was built by French fur traders in 1750–1751 as a trading post on the site of today's grounds.
The area was an important portage route for Native Americans, and the French wanted to capture their trade before they reached British posts to the south.
When the Town of York, the predecessor of Toronto, was inaugurated in the 1790s, the land to the east and west of the garrison (later Fort York) was reserved for military purposes.
Years later, the British military decided to replace Fort York with a new fort, to be located to the west of the existing fort.
The Provincial Agricultural Association and the Board of Agriculture for Canada West inaugurated the Provincial Agricultural Fair of Canada West in 1846, to be held annually in different localities.
The site held four more fairs until the 1870s when the City of Toronto government decided the exhibition had outgrown the site.
The City signed a lease with the Government of Canada for a section of the western end of the reserve in April 1878.
At first, the eastern part of the site was still reserved for military purposes, the exhibition held on the western part of the reserve, where many of the oldest exhibit buildings are located.
As time went by, more and more of the reserve was taken over for exhibition purposes, including a horse track and grandstand, and exhibit buildings.
In 1902, after the Government of Canada announced it would sponsor a major exhibition at the site in 1903, the Toronto City Council decided to rebuild the exhibition site.
The building campaign saw the building of fifteen permanent buildings designed by architect G. W. Gouinlock from 1903 until 1912, including the surviving Press Building, Horticulture Building, Government Building, Music Building and Fire Hall / Police Station.
Several of the older buildings were lost to fire during this time, including the first Grandstand and the Crystal Palace (known as the Transportation Building) in 1906.
During World War I, the Government Building was used as a barracks for soldiers, and a tent camp was set up on the site of the current Ontario Government Building (now Liberty Grand).
When the CNE became the world's largest annual fair in 1920, a 50-year plan was launched following the urban design and architectural precedents of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
The Empire Court was to be a monumental central space with a triumphal arch and gates and monumental exhibition buildings with courtyards.
The Coliseum, to host the new Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, was opened in 1921, followed by the Government of Ontario Building in 1926, the Princes' Gates in 1927, and the Electrical and Engineering Building in 1928.
The start of the trend for a new style of architecture arguably became evident in the construction of the Automotive Building in 1929, the first building that moved away from the Beaux-Art architecture envisioned by the 1920 plan, mixing clean modern lines with classical ornamentation.
The CNE was not held between 1942 and 1946, when the land and its facilities were turned over to the Department of National Defence as a training ground.
In 1953, despite public opposition, three of the remaining four stone buildings were demolished for parking, leaving only the Officers' Quarters.
In 1955, the Quarters found its first CNE use, for Sports Hall of Fame exhibits before being turned into a year-round Maritime Museum in 1959.
In its place was built the fourth Grandstand, a massive concrete construction and monumental cantilevered steel roof was a sharp contrast to the other buildings around it.
The Modernist trend continued with the construction of other buildings and monuments typifying the modernist style including the Food Building (1954), the Shell Oil Tower (1955), Queen Elizabeth Building (1957) and the Princess Margaret Fountain (1958).
In the later 1950s, the new six-lane Gardiner Expressway was pushed through the north side of the grounds, cut below grade in the western section of the grounds, and an elevated section in the eastern section.
On January 3, 1961, the Manufacturer's Building and the Women's Building (the one built prior to the Queen Elizabeth Building) were destroyed by fire.
In 1961, the Hall of Fame building opened north of the Grandstand to house Canada's Sports Hall of Fame and the Hockey Hall of Fame.
To replace its exhibit in the Ontario Government Building, the Government of Ontario built Ontario Place on artificial islands to the south of Exhibition Place (accessible via two foot bridges).
Coinciding with the opening of the ultra-modern Ontario Place to the south, a new master plan for the Exhibition site was developed in 1971.
The 1971 Master Plan was radical, calling for the demolition of many pre-World War II buildings, new Modernist buildings, and a massive central public space with a reflecting pool and fountains on the site of Exhibition Stadium, which was to be relocated.
The plan proposed the demolition of the Fire Station, Art Gallery, General Exhibits Building, Railways Building, Government Building, Ontario Government Building, Automotive Building, Transportation Building, Band Shell, Grandstand, Shell Tower and the 1959 Dufferin Gate.
Dufferin Street was to be connected to Lake Shore Boulevard, a new four-lane road along the north of the site and a new 1800-place parking lot taking the place of buildings to the west of Dufferin.
The plan resulted in some demolition, such as the Electrical and Engineering Building in 1972 (allegedly in poor structural condition) and the General Exhibits Building and Art Gallery, which were in the path of the new road.
In 1978, to celebrate the centenary of the fair, a copy of the original 1913 music bandstand was built on the site of the original in the park north of the Horticulture Building.
The race, known today as the Honda Indy Toronto, has taken place annually since, and is part of the IndyCar Series.
The streets of Exhibition Place are closed off to regular traffic and a closed circuit is made through the grounds and along Lake Shore Boulevard.
In the 1990s, budget pressures on the City of Toronto led to a new emphasis on the self-sufficiency of Exhibition Place.
The City planned to charge rent to the midway's operator, Conklin Shows, which chose to tear down the buildings instead and set up temporary rides each year for the CNE.
The new National Trade Centre (now the Enercare Centre) trade show building, planned since the 1971 plan, was built on the vacant Electrical Building site to host more and larger trade shows year-round.
The site was vacant until 2007, when the new BMO Field soccer stadium, a public-private partnership, was built on the site to bring Major League Soccer to Toronto.
The only two respondents, Ripley Entertainment and Oceanus Holdings, suggested that they would be interested provided the location was closer downtown or had better transit access and parking.
When the City of Toronto was considering the construction of a permanent casino, the CNE was the site of several proposals.
In the north-west corner, the Toronto Raptors basketball team built a new practice facility which is shared part-time with the community.
The Enercare Centre and Coliseum buildings were used for indoor sports, temporary facilities for beach volleyball were built south of BMO Field and a watercourse laid out on Lake Ontario.
As a result of the games, the 2015 Toronto Honda Indy was scheduled in June to allow for time for the site to prepare for the Pan Am Games.
As well the site was wound down in time for setup for the 2015 Canadian National Exhibition (scheduled to open August 21).
While the CNE only lasts for a few weeks at the end of the summer, many major permanent buildings and other structures have been built over the years.
There are five purpose-built fair buildings designed by architect G. W. Gouinlock: the Horticulture Building, built in 1907; the Government Building, built in 1912; the Music Building, built in 1907; the Administration Building, built in 1905; and the Fire Hall/Police Station, built in 1912.
To the west of Bandshell park, the former International Building site is now a parking lot, and there is a parking lot in the north-west corner of the site.
The central block contains more recent 1950-1960s buildings, which are all replacements for earlier buildings, and are larger than the buildings to the west: the Better Living Centre (exhibition space), the Queen Elizabeth Building complex (theatre, exhibition and administration sections) and the Food Building.
The BMO Field soccer stadium, built in 2007, is situated on the site of the 1947 Grandstand and the 1961 Halls of Fame building.
The east block was the most active area of military usage and retains the only military building left on the site, the Stanley Barracks Officers' Quarters, dating to the 1840s.
The Horse Palace (which adjoins the Coliseum and is used for equine shows and quartering), the Automotive Building (which was once used for car shows and is now a conference centre) and the General Services Building are all older exhibition buildings dating from the 1920s.
Exhibition Place was also home to Exhibition Stadium, which was built out of the fourth Grandstand by adding two extra wings of seats.
It served as home to the CFL's Toronto Argonauts between 1958 and 1988 and the Toronto Blue Jays (AL) between 1977 and 1989.
After it lost many stadium concert tours to Rogers Centre, and many other outdoor concerts to the nearby Molson Amphitheatre at Ontario Place, its usefulness was at an end.
However, on October 26, 2005, the City of Toronto approved the construction of a 20,000 seat soccer stadium (BMO Field) on Exhibition Place land.
Designed by architects Marani and Morris, this building was the first of what would prove to be several Modernist buildings built on the CNE grounds, its distinctive and bold cantilevered truss roof dominating the grounds for over 50 years.
It initially housed 22,000 people, but was expanded over the years to a maximum of 54,000 in order to accommodate the additional seating required for major professional sports teams who made the Grandstand their home.
A stock car race held on the grounds marked a historical race; on July 18, 1958, Richard Petty made his NASCAR Grand National Series debut at Exhibition Stadium.
Similarly, many well-known musical acts made an appearance at the venue, ranging from Duke Ellington, Guy Lombardo, Benny Goodman, The Beach Boys (appearing there 11 times between 1974 and 1990), The Monkees, Sonny & Cher, to Melissa Etheridge, The Who, Simon & Garfunkel, Sinéad O'Connor, Billy Idol, Nine Inch Nails and Tina Turner.
The Blue Jays and Argos left the open-air Exhibition Stadium for the retractable roofed Skydome (now, the Rogers Centre) in 1989.
By that time it was recognized that the building was beginning to visibly decay, and was little used in its final decade of existence.
Though it was the earliest of the modernist-style buildings on the grounds, it was the only one not to be become a historically listed building.
In 2007, the open-air BMO Field soccer-specific stadium was constructed on the site of the former Exhibition Stadium and the Canada Sports Hall of Fame buildings.
The Hall of Fame building had been vacated by the Hockey Hall of Fame and was demolished to make way for the stadium.
The stadium was built to host Toronto FC, the Major League Soccer (MLS) team as well as the Canadian national soccer team.
Its main entrance was originally to the north, and the building was remodelled with a Modernist facade main entrance to the south in 1963.
In another partnership with Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, the new OVO Athletic Centre (originally known as the Biosteel Centre) was completed in 2016 at the west end of Exhibition Place on parking lot lands.
For many people attending the CNE, the building hosted their first encounters with such technologies as colour television, transistor radios or home computers.
It also became the place where people would expect to see the latest models of various consumer goods, ranging from vacuum cleaners to kitchen appliances.
The building's stark modernist architecture, made up of large white forms, a vast flat roof and harsh angles, suited its futurist themes.
The building was designed by architects Marani, Morris and Allan and was opened by Toronto mayor Nathan Phillips on August 17, 1962.
The CNE no longer uses the Better Living Centre for its original purpose of introducing consumers to the latest and greatest products during the CNE.
The new building, first known as the National Trade Centre, took over the location of the old TTC streetcar loop and CNE entrance and the open space vacant since the Electrical and Engineering Building was demolished.
It is interconnected with the Ricoh Coliseum and the Industry Building to the north to provide one large, configurable exhibition space.
Home to the Toronto International Boat Show, the National Home Show, the One of A Kind Show, and the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair.
At the main entrance and west entrance, bronze fish sculptures were created by Toronto artist Jean Horne (1914-2007) in the reflecting pool and an tall stainless steel pylon stands to the right of the main entrance.
The Queen Elizabeth Building complex (1956) was originally named the Women's Building, but was rededicated to the new Queen of Canada.
The theatre, which has 1300 seats, has been used for radio, variety, and fashion shows and hosts stage productions and concerts.
The exhibition hall, which is a large uninterrupted exhibit space is used year-round and is home to arts, crafts, and hobbies displays during the CNE.
It was built by the Queen's York Rangers in 1794 on behalf of John Scadding, who served as clerk (essentially, an executive assistant) to the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe.
The original cabin was disassembled from its original site and rebuilt by the York Pioneers, along with an adjacent cabin made out of new logs, on the current site, just in time for the original Toronto Industrial Exhibition in 1879.
Scadding was given a plot of land from what is now just north of Gerrard Street East, south to the waterfront.
The cabin was built close to the Don River's east side, on what is now part of the Don Valley Parkway, just south of Queen Street East.
John Scadding's youngest son, Henry Scadding wrote an early history of York/Toronto and set the record straight on who the original owner of the cabin was.
It is a squat, two-storey log cabin with low ceilings, designed to retain the heat from the fire in winter close to its occupants.
The second cabin constructed next to it by the York Pioneers was built using wood that was too green, and it was demolished a few years after construction.
Over the years some of the timbers have been replaced, and the cabin was remounted on a stone foundation in the late part of the 20th century.
Inside the cabin are furnishings appropriate to a house in Upper Canada in the 1830s, and some known to have belonged to Simcoe.
Inspired by the Hollywood Bowl, the Art Deco-styled Bandshell on the CNE grounds was built in 1936 according to designs prepared by the Toronto architectural firm of Craig and Madill.
It is situated on the west side of the grounds, and over the years has been host to many famous acts, including Guy Lombardo, Louis Armstrong, The Guess Who, and Joni Mitchell.
The Queen Elizabeth Theatre, opened in 1956, is a 1,250-seat auditorium, and is a part of the Queen Elizabeth building complex.
It is leased to the operator of the Mod Club in Toronto and it is used for concerts and shows throughout the year.
Named after Lord Dufferin, the original gate to the CNE grounds was named in his honour, situated at the bottom of Dufferin Street, also named after the same person.
The original gateway was erected in 1895, and was superseded by a more permanent, ornate Beaux-Arts style triumphal arch built in 1910, and officially re-opened by Lord Dufferin in 1914.
With the construction of Toronto's Gardiner Expressway in 1956, the gates were demolished in order to make way for the roadway.
In their place a modernist-style parabolic arch was erected south of the previous gates in 1956, designed by architect Philip R. Brook.
The monumental Princes' Gates were officially opened by Princes Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), and Prince George (later the Duke of Kent), on August 31, 1927, during that year's CNE.
A large obelisk, built in 1887, marks the spot where the original French-built Fort Rouillé was erected in 1750 and 1751.
Its construction was ordered by the Marquis de la Jonquière, then governor of New France, in order to further establish a French presence in the area, and to intercept the trade of Indians travelling towards an English fur-trading post in present-day Oswego.
It was a small palisaded fort with a bastion at each of its four corners, and containing five main buildings: a corps de garde, storeroom, barracks, blacksmithy, and a building for the officers.
A drawing purported to date from 1749 shows the fort adjacent to Lake Ontario, whereas today it is situated on top of a small hill a hundred metres or so from the lake's current shoreline.
Vestiges of the fort remained for many years afterwards, but the site was graded over and sodded in preparation for the establishment of the nearby Scadding Cabin in 1879.
The grounds were excavated in 1979 and 1980 by the Toronto Historical Board, and again in 1982 by the Youth Committee of the Toronto Sesquicentennial Board.
Two commemorative plaques — one in English, and one in French — are attached to the base of the obelisk, placed there by the Ontario Heritage Foundation.
To the north, a third plaque commemorates the excavation done on the site, and to the west, a fourth plaque commemorates a visit to the site by Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Paris, on September 6, 2003.
This monument, depicting a winged angel holding aloft a crown of olive branches and standing upon a globe held aloft by female sphinxes, was presented to the people of Canada on June 12, 1930 by the Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (better known as the Shriners) as a symbol of peace and friendship between the United States and Canada.
In addition to the IndyCar race, several support races are held, including Indy Lights and the NASCAR Pinty's Series, as well as vendor exhibits, concerts, and other off-track activities.
From the Start/Finish line, drivers head East towards the Princes' Gates, turning right (south) onto Canada Boulevard before reaching the gate.
From Canada Boulevard, the track goes right onto Lake Shore Boulevard (west) which comprises the longest straightaway on the circuit (this straightaway is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Shoreline Drive during race telecasts; Shoreline Drive is the start-finish straight at the Grand Prix of Long Beach).
At Nova Scotia Avenue, drivers turn right (south) then navigate a left-right-left series of turns until rejoining Prince's Boulevard and heading east towards the start/finish line.
Exhibition Place is one of seven Canadian circuits to have held an Indy/Champ Car race, the others being Mosport, Concord Pacific Place in Vancouver, Edmonton City Centre Airport, Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, Circuit Mont-Tremblant, and Sanair Super Speedway.
Exhibition Place is also connected to city transit by the Toronto streetcar system's Harbourfront and Bathurst Street lines at the Exhibition Loop terminus, connecting Exhibition Place with Toronto subway system's Bathurst and Union stations.
The grounds are also served by the Dufferin bus (routes 29 and 929), which loops through Exhibition Place most of the year and terminating at the Dufferin Gate Loop terminus during the CNE and the rest of the year.
The first streetcar terminus began operations in 1916 and was located at the current loop location along Manitoba Drive, north of the Coliseum.
Princes' Boulevard starts at the Princes' Gate and extends west to the south of BMO Field and continues west to the Princess Margaret Fountain.
Exhibition Road was a short east-west road that ran from Strachan Avenue north of the Coliseum buildings to connect the exhibition site to Strachan, which at the time ran no further south.
Fort Rouillé Street, of which a stub still exists north of the rail tracks, once extended into the Exhibition grounds to the lake shore.
Its summit (at ) is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic.
If measured from the ocean floor, it is at 7,500 m (24,600 ft) the fourth-highest volcano in the world, and is described by UNESCO and NASA as Earth's third-tallest volcanic structure.
Teide is an active volcano: its most recent eruption occurred in 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the northwestern Santiago rift.
The United Nations Committee for Disaster Mitigation designated Teide a Decade Volcano because of its history of destructive eruptions and its proximity to several large towns, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de los Vinos and Puerto de la Cruz.
The volcano and its surroundings comprise Teide National Park, which has an area of and was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on June 28, 2007.
Teide is the most visited natural wonder of Spain, the most visited national park in Spain and Europe and – by 2015 – the eighth most visited in the world, with some 3 million visitors yearly.
Before the 1496 Spanish colonization of Tenerife, the native Guanches referred to a powerful figure living in the volcano, which carries light, power and the sun.
Teide was a sacred mountain for the aboriginal Guanches, so it was considered a mythological mountain, as Mount Olympus was to the ancient Greeks.
According to legend, Guayota (the devil) kidnapped Magec (the god of light and the sun) and imprisoned him inside the volcano, plunging the world into darkness.
The Guanches asked their supreme god Achamán for clemency, so Achamán fought Guayota, freed Magec from the bowels of the mountain, and plugged the crater with Guayota.
These have been interpreted as being ritual deposits to counter the influence of evil spirits, like those made by the Berbers of Kabylie.
The Guanches believed the mountain to be the place that housed the forces of evil and the most evil figure, Guayota.
Guayota shares features similar to other powerful deities inhabiting volcanoes, such as the goddess Pele of Hawaiian mythology, who lives in the volcano Kīlauea and is regarded by the native Hawaiians as responsible for the eruptions of the volcano.
The stratovolcanoes Teide and Pico Viejo (Old Peak, although it is in fact younger than Teide) are the most recent centres of activity on the volcanic island of Tenerife, which is the largest () and highest () island in the Canaries.
The formation of the island and the development of the current Teide volcano took place in the five stages shown in the diagram on the right.
Like the other Canary Islands, and volcanic ocean islands in general, Tenerife was built by accretion of three large shield volcanoes, which developed in a relatively short period.
The shield volcanoes date back to the Miocene and early Pliocene and are preserved in three isolated and deeply eroded massifs: Anaga (to the northeast), Teno (to the northwest) and Roque del Conde (to the south).
After this period of quiescence, the volcanic activity became concentrated within two large edifices: the central volcano of Las Cañadas, and the Anaga massif.
All of the Las Cañadas volcanoes attained a maximum altitude similar to that of Teide (which is sometimes referred to as the Las Cañadas IV volcano).
The first states that the depression is the result of a vertical collapse of the volcano triggered by the emptying of shallow magma chambers at around sea level under the Las Cañadas volcano after large-volume explosive eruptions.
The second theory is that the caldera was formed by a series of lateral gravitational collapses similar to those described in Hawaii.
From around 160,000 years ago until the present day, the stratovolcanoes of Teide and Pico Viejo formed within the Las Cañadas caldera.
Historical volcanic activity on the island is associated with vents on the Santiago or northwest rift (Boca Cangrejo in 1492, Montañas Negras in 1706, Narices del Teide or Chahorra in 1798, and El Chinyero in 1909) and the Cordillera Dorsal or northeast rift (Fasnia in 1704, Siete Fuentes and Arafo in 1705).
Historical activity associated with the Teide and Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes occurred in 1798 from the Narices del Teide on the western flank of Pico Viejo.
The last eruption within the Las Cañadas caldera occurred in 1798 from the Narices del Teide or Chahorra (Teide's Nostrils) on the western flank of Pico Viejo.
Radiometric dating of possible lavas indicates that in 1492 no eruption occurred in the Orotava Valley, but one did occur from the Boca Cangrejo vent.
It created the Las Cañadas caldera, a large caldera at about 2,000 m above sea level, around from east to west and from north to south.
The summit of Teide itself, and its sister stratovolcano Pico Viejo (), are both situated in the northern half of the caldera and are derived from eruptions later than this prehistoric explosion.
Future eruptions may include pyroclastic flows and surges similar to those that occurred at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and elsewhere.
No eruptive activity occurred but a quantity of material, possibly liquid, was emplaced into the edifice and is estimated to have a volume of ~10 m. Such activity can indicate that magma is rising into the edifice, but is not always a precursor to an eruption.
The summit of the volcano has a number of small active fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide and other gases, including low levels of hydrogen sulfide.
However, another study in 2009 concluded that Teide will probably erupt violently in the future, and that its structure is similar to that of Vesuvius and Etna.
In a publication of 1626, Sir Edmund Scory, who probably stayed on the island in the first decades of the 17th century, gives a description of Teide, in which he notes the suitable paths to the top and the effects its considerable height causes for travellers, indicating that the volcano had been accessed via different routes before the 17th century.
In 1715 the English traveler J. Edens and his party made the ascent and reported their observations in the journal of the Royal Society in London.
After the Enlightenment, most of the expeditions that went to East Africa and the Pacific had Teide as one of the most rewarding targets.
The expedition of Lord George Macartney, George Staunton and John Barrow in 1792 almost ended in tragedy, as a major snowstorm and rain swept over them and they failed to reach the peak of Teide, just barely getting past Montaña Blanca.
The German scientist Alexander von Humboldt stopped in Tenerife during his voyage to South America in 1799 and climbed Teide with his travelling companion Aimé Bonpland and some local guides.
During an expedition to Kilimanjaro, the German adventurer Hans Heinrich Joseph Meyer visited Teide in 1894 to observe ice conditions on the volcano.
More recently in November 2017, Gema Hassen-Bey became the first Paralympic athlete in the world in a wheelchair to reach 3,000 meters altitude with only the momentum of her arms.
The lava flows on the flanks of Teide weather to a very thin but nutrient- and mineral-rich soil that supports a wide variety of plant species.
These plants are adapted to the tough environmental conditions on the volcano, such as high altitude, intense sunlight, extreme temperature variations, and lack of moisture.
Teide National Park contains a large number of invertebrate species, over 40% of which are endemic species, and 70 of which are found only in the National Park.
Other mammals, such as the mouflon, the rabbit, the house mouse, the black rat, the feral cat, and the North African hedgehog, have all been introduced to the park.
This phenomenon occurs during sunset, and also causes the shadow to partially cover the island of Gran Canaria or La Gomera at dawn, more than 40 km away from the mountain.
One characteristic is that the shadow has a perfectly triangular shape, even though Teide's silhouette does not; this is an effect of perspective.
Teide National Park is a useful volcanic reference point for studies related to Mars because of the similarities in their environmental conditions and geological formations.
In 2010 a research team tested the Raman instrument at Las Cañadas del Teide in anticipation of its use in the 2016–2018 ESA-NASA ExoMars expedition.
In June 2011 a team of researchers from the UK visited the park to test a method for looking for life on Mars and to search for suitable places to test new robotic vehicles in 2012.
TITSA runs a return service to Teide once a day from both Puerto de la Cruz and Playa de las Americas.
A cable car goes from the roadside at most of the way to the summit, reaching , carrying up to 38 passengers (34 in a high wind) and taking eight minutes to reach the summit.
This can cause people (especially with heart or lung conditions) to become light-headed or dizzy, to develop altitude sickness, and in extreme cases to lose consciousness.
An astronomical observatory is located on the slopes of the mountain, taking advantage of the good weather, and the altitude, which puts it above most clouds, and promotes stable Astronomical seeing.
The flag colors of the island are dark blue, traditionally identified with the sea that surrounds the island, and white for the whiteness of the snow-covered peaks of Mount Teide during winter.
Teide has been depicted frequently throughout history, from the earliest engravings made by European conquerors to typical Canarian craft objects, on the back of 1000-peseta notes, in oil paintings and on postcards.
8000 is the cube of 20, as well as the sum of four consecutive integers cubed, 11 + 12 + 13 + 14.
At the NATO 2014 Wales summit, the Prime Minister David Cameron announced that the second carrier would be brought into service, ending years of uncertainty surrounding its future.
This was confirmed by the November 2015 Government Strategic Defence Review, with both carriers entering service, one being available at any time.
The contract for the vessels was announced on 25 July 2007, by the then Secretary of State for Defence, Des Browne, ending several years of delay over cost issues and British naval shipbuilding restructuring.
The contracts were signed one year later on 3 July 2008, with the Aircraft Carrier Alliance, a partnership formed with Babcock International, Thales Group, A&P Group, Rosyth Dockyard, the UK Ministry of Defence and BAE Systems (after the creation of BVT Surface Fleet through the merger of BAE Systems Surface Fleet Solutions and VT Group's VT Shipbuilding, which was a requirement of the UK Government).
The vessels currently have a displacement of approximately , but the design anticipates added weight over the lifetime of the ships.
The ships are long and will have a Carrier Air Wing (CVW) of up to forty aircraft (though they are capable of carrying up to fifty at full load).
Both carriers were completed as originally planned, in a Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) configuration, deploying the Lockheed Martin F-35B.
After the projected costs of the CATOBAR system rose to around twice the original estimate, the government announced that it would revert to the original design on 10 May 2012.
In 1996, the British Defence Secretary Michael Portillo signed a letter of intent with his French equivalent to establish Anglo-French naval study groups, one of which was to be about future development of aircraft carriers.
This was followed by the Saint-Malo declaration of 1998, in which Tony Blair and Jacques Chirac agreed to work together on an integrated European Union defence force.
In December 1999, the European Council established the Helsinki Headline Goal, which focussed on creating a European Union Rapid Reaction Force to operate at the global level.
One element of such a force was to be three large aircraft carriers, two provided by the Royal Navy and one by the French.
In May 1997, the newly elected Labour government led by Tony Blair launched the Strategic Defence Review, which re-evaluated every weapon system, then active or in procurement, with the exception of the Eurofighter Typhoon and the ballistic missile submarines.
When the current carrier force reaches the end of its planned life, we plan to replace it with two larger vessels.
On 25 January 1999, six companies were invited to tender for the assessment phase of the project – Boeing, British Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, Marconi Electronic Systems, Raytheon and Thomson-CSF.
On 23 November 1999, the MoD awarded detailed assessment studies to two consortia, one led by BAe (renamed BAE Systems on 30 November 1999) and one led by Thomson-CSF (renamed Thales Group in 2000).
The brief required up to six designs from each consortium with air-groups of thirty to forty Future Joint Combat Aircraft (FJCA).
Final carrier design submissions by the two rival industry teams in November 2002 led to a design down-selection decision in January 2003, in which the UK government decided to discontinue the BAE Systems carrier designs and to proceed instead with the rival ‘adaptable’ carrier design offered by the Thales team.
The political decision was also taken at this point to progress CVF through a joint Aircraft Carrier Alliance (ACA) team formed of representatives from the MoD and the former BAE Systems and Thales teams.
The last large carriers proposed for the Royal Navy, the CVA-01 programme, were cancelled by the then Labour government in the 1966 Defence White Paper.
On 17 January 2001, the UK signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United States Department of Defense (DoD) for full participation in the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) programme, confirming the JSF as the FJCA.
On 30 September 2002, the MoD announced that the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force would operate the STOVL F-35B variant.
Four months later on 30 January 2003, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, announced that the Thales Group design had won the competition but that BAE Systems would operate as prime contractor.
When the Secretary of State for Defence announced the contract for the vessels, the cost was initially estimated at £3.9 billion.
The contracts were officially signed one year later on 3 July 2008, after the creation of BVT Surface Fleet through the merger of BAE Systems Surface Fleet Solutions and VT Group's VT Shipbuilding which was a requirement of the UK Government.
At the time of approval the first carrier was expected to enter service in July 2015 and the budget was £4,085m for two ships.
The financial crisis led to a decision in December 2008 to slow production, delaying the first ship until May 2016 and the second by two years.
By March 2010 the budget was estimated at £5,900m; taking off the cost of capital led to a MPR10 Capital DEL baseline cost of £5,254m at this time.
These long term savings were less important than the short term costs, there would have been nearly an extra £1bn of expenditure on cancellation costs in the FY11/12 budget.
In November 2013 the contract was renegotiated with a budget of £6,200m and BAE agreeing to pay 50% of any cost overruns rather than 10% as previously.
Then in August 2009, speculation mounted that the UK would drop the F-35B for the F-35C model, which would have meant the carriers being built to operate conventional take off and landing aircraft using the US-designed Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) catapults.
It was also announced that the operational carrier would have catapult and arrestor gear (CATOBAR) installed to accommodate the carrier variant of the Joint Strike Fighter rather than the short-take off and vertical-landing version.
On 10 May 2012, the Defence Secretary, Philip Hammond, announced in Parliament that the government had decided to revert to its predecessor's plans to purchase the F-35B rather than the F-35C, and to complete both aircraft carriers with ski-jumps in the STOVL configuration.
In later testimony before a parliamentary committee, Bernard Gray, Chief of Defence Materiel, revealed that even though the carriers had been sold as adaptable and easy to convert for CATOBAR, no serious effort had been made in this direction since 2002.
The ships have a displacement of 65,000 tonnes on delivery, but the design allows for this to reach over 70,000 tonnes as the ships are upgraded through their lifetime.
They have an overall length of , a width at deck level of , a height of , a draught of , and a range of .
The Ministry of Defence decided not to use nuclear propulsion due to its high cost, so Integrated Electric Propulsion was chosen whereby power is supplied by two Rolls-Royce Marine Trent MT30 gas turbine generator units and four Wärtsilä diesel generator sets (two and two ).
The Trents and diesels are the largest ever supplied to the Royal Navy, and together they feed the low-voltage electrical systems as well as four GE Power Conversion's 20 MW Advanced Induction Motor (arranged in tandem) electric propulsion motors that drive the twin fixed-pitch propellers.
Instead of a single island superstructure containing both the ships' navigation bridges and flying control (flyco) centres, the ships have these operations divided between two structures, with the forward island for navigation and the aft island for controlling flying operations.
There are also additional benefits to having separate islands rather than a single large island, such as easier construction, reduced wind turbulence, and freed up deck space.
Using two structures provides separate mountings for the air surveillance radar (forward), which does not interfere with the medium range radar (aft); furthermore, visibility is improved for both navigation and landing operations.
The hangar deck measures with a height of , large enough to accommodate up to twenty fixed and rotary wing aircraft.
To transfer aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck, the ships have two large lifts, each of which is capable of lifting two F-35-sized aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck in sixty seconds.
The ships' only announced self-defence weapons are currently the Phalanx CIWS for airborne threats, with miniguns and 30 mm cannon to counter seaborne threats.
The ship's radars will be the BAE Systems and Thales S1850M, the same as fitted to the Type 45 destroyers, for long-range wide-area search, the BAE Systems Artisan 3D Type 997 maritime medium-range active electronically scanned array radar, and a navigation radar.
BAE claims the S1850M has a fully automatic detection and track initiation that can track up to 1,000 air targets at a range of around .
The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard.
In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use.
There are 1,600 bunks in 470 cabins, including accommodation for a company of 250 Royal Marines with wide assault routes up to the flight deck.
The vessels are expected to be capable of carrying forty aircraft, a maximum of thirty-six F-35s and four helicopters, however Commodore Jerry Kyd has stated that it could carry up to 70 F-35Bs.
The 2010 SDSR anticipated the routine peacetime deployment of twelve F-35Bs, with a surge force of 24 F-35Bs ready to join the carrier; and a number of helicopters.
Fourteen Merlin HM2 will be available as a Maritime Force Protection package on the carriers with typically nine in anti-submarine configuration and five with Crowsnest for airborne early warning; alternatively a Littoral Manoeuvre package could include a mix of Royal Navy Commando Helicopter Force Merlin HC4, Wildcat AH1, RAF Chinooks, and Army Air Corps Apaches.
six landing spots are planned, but the deck could be marked out for the operation of ten medium helicopters at once, allowing the lift of a company of 250 troops.
The hangars are designed for Boeing Chinook operations without blade folding and the Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey tiltrotor, whilst the two aircraft lifts can each accommodate a Chinook with unfolded blades.
With the retirement of the Harrier GR7/9 in 2010, there remained no carrier-capable fixed-wing aircraft available to the Royal Navy or Royal Air Force.
For a period following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the government had intended to purchase the F-35C carrier variant and modify one carrier to use the CATOBAR system to launch and recover these aircraft.
This was because the cheaper F-35C variant has a greater range and can carry a larger and more diverse payload than the F-35B.
On 19 July 2012, Defence Secretary Philip Hammond indicated in a speech in the United States that the UK would order an initial 48 F-35B aircraft to be operated jointly by the Royal Air Force and Fleet Air Arm.
In November 2015, the government announced its commitment to a full order of 138 F-35 aircraft, with 24 available for carrier duties by 2023.
Although the F-35B is fully capable of performing vertical landing, in a similar fashion to the way that the Harrier and Sea Harrier operated, this method of operation places limitations on the loads that the aircraft is capable of returning to the ship with.
As a consequence, to avoid the costly disposal at sea of both fuel and munitions, the Royal Navy is developing the Shipborne rolling vertical landing (SRVL) technique for its operation of the Lightning II.
SRVL is a hybrid landing technique that uses the Lightning's vectored thrust capability to slow its forward speed to around 70 knots to allow it to make a rolling landing, using its disc brakes, without the need of an arrestor wire.
A special type of metallic 'thermal paint' is being developed to withstand temperatures of up to 1,500 °C in the vicinity of jet nozzles.
The utility version can carry up to twenty-four troops seated or sixteen stretcher patients and the HM2 anti-submarine warfare variant has a dipping sonar and sonar-buoys, and a complete electronic warfare suite.
Both versions use a common airframe, with three Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM322 engines, their range and endurance using only a two engine cruise option, is , or six hours.
However, range can be extended further when the five underfloor fuel tanks are supplemented with auxiliary fuel tanks fitted in the cabin.
Armament depends on mission, but includes anti-ship missiles, torpedoes, three door-mounted machine guns, multi-purpose rocket, cannon pods, air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface missiles.
The Wildcat can be equipped with several mission sensors, which can include: radar, active dipping sonar, electro-optical imaging, electronic surveillance measures and an integrated self-defence suite.
The 1982 Falklands War made clear the importance of airborne early warning and control and led to the development of the Sea King AEW2, which was succeeded by the Sea King ASaC7.
This will be retired in the second half of 2018 and planning for its replacement was identified at an early stage as an integral part of the next-generation aircraft carrier.
In April 2002, BAE and Northrop Grumman received a follow-on study contract for Phase II of the project, by then renamed Maritime Airborne Surveillance and Control (MASC).
The MASC assessment phase began in September 2005 and by May 2006 three study contracts were awarded for MASC platform and mission systems options: one to Lockheed Martin UK for a Merlin helicopter fitted with AEW mission systems, another to AgustaWestland to maintain the present Sea King ASaC7 and finally to Thales UK to upgrade the Sea King's mission systems.
The 2010 SDSR delayed the project which became a competition between Thales and Lockheed to supply Crowsnest, a bolt-on sensor package that can be carried by any Merlin HM2.
The Thales pod is based on the Sea King's Searchwater 2000; Lockheed had intended to use a derivative of the F-35's APG-81 radar but is now believed to be using an Elta system.
Until the Crowsnest system is available, a small force of Sea King ASaC.7 helicopters will remain in service with 849 Naval Air Squadron after the final withdrawal of the remainder of the Royal Navy's Sea Kings.
During a speech on 21 July 2004, Geoff Hoon announced a one-year delay to allow contractual and cost issues to be resolved.
On 4 March 2008, contracts for the supply of 80,000 tonnes of steel were awarded to Corus Group, with an estimated value of £65 million.
Other contracts included £3 million for fibre optic cable, over £1 million for reverse osmosis equipment to provide over 500 tonnes of fresh water daily, and £4 million for aviation fuel systems.
On 3 April 2008, a contract for the manufacture of aircraft lifts (worth £13m) was awarded to MacTaggart Scott of Loanhead, Scotland.
In mid May 2008, the Treasury announced that it would be making available further funds on top of the regular defence budget, reportedly allowing the construction of the carriers to begin.
On 1 September 2008, the MoD announced a £51 million package of important equipment contracts; £34 million for the highly mechanised weapons handling system for the two ships, £8 million for supply of uptake and down-take systems for both ships, £5 million for air traffic control software, £3 million for supply of pumps and associated systems engineering, and £1 million for emergency diesel generators.
The construction of the two carriers involves more than 10,000 people from 90 companies, 7,000 of them in the six shipyards building the sections of the ships.
The first steel cut for the project, in July 2009, signalled the start of construction of Lower Block 3 at BAE Systems Clyde, where production of Lower Block 4 started in January 2010.
Meanwhile, construction of the bow Lower Block 1 was carried out at Appledore, North Devon, and was completed in March 2010.
On 25 January 2010, it was announced that the Cammell Laird shipyard has secured a £44 million contract to build the flight decks of the carriers.
Her forward island was built at BAE Portsmouth and attached on 14 March 2013; the aft island was attached in June 2013 and the ski jump in November 2013.
The 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) declared that the UK needed only one aircraft carrier; however, penalty clauses in the contract meant that cancelling the second vessel would be more expensive than actually building it.
The SDSR also directed that the ship be converted to a CATOBAR configuration; however, the costs associated with the conversion escalated to £2bn, leading the government to reverse its decision and build the ship to the original STOVL configuration.
The ship is set to be handed over to the Royal Navy in 2019 and be fully ready for front-line duties around the globe from 2023.
In 2018 the Committee of Public Accounts determined that build cost of the two carriers was £6.212 billion, and operational costs up to March 2021 were estimated at £0.6 billion.
Costs for the aircraft were uncertain at the current developmental position but were estimated up to March 2021 to be £5.8 billion on initial F-35s and £0.3 billion on the Crowsnest radar system for Merlin helicopters (based on an exchange rate of $1.55 to the pound in October 2017, but the rate has since fallen considerably).
The whole life cost of the first 48 F-35s was roughly estimated as £13 billion, or over £270 million per F-35.
George Verwer (born July 3, 1938) is an Evangelist and is the founder of Operation Mobilisation (OM), a Christian missions organization.
Verwer attributes to her some of the reason that he made a commitment to Christ, and for what resulted in his life.
In 1953, as a 14-year-old student from Wyckoff, New Jersey attending Ramsey High School, Verwer went to a Jack Wyrtzen meeting in which Billy Graham spoke in Madison Square Garden, in New York City.
He started with distribution of the Gospel of John in Mexico in 1957 along with two friends, Walter Borchard and Dale Rhoton.
This developed into Send the Light, which was once the largest Christian book distributor in the United Kingdom, but which entered into Administration December 2009 and moved into Liquidation December 2010.
After high school, he attended Maryville College and then transferred to Moody Bible Institute, where he met his wife, Drena, who was a fellow student.
He was deported, and back in Spain, after a time of prayer in 1961 the work of Operation Mobilization (OM) was born.
In August 2003, George handed over the international leadership of the work of Operation Mobilisation to Peter Maiden, who was the Associate International Director for 15 years.
A paternoster (, , or ) or paternoster lift is a passenger elevator which consists of a chain of open compartments (each usually designed for two persons) that move slowly in a loop up and down inside a building without stopping.
The same technique is also used for filing cabinets to store large amounts of (paper) documents or for small spare parts.
The much smaller belt manlift which consists of an endless belt with steps and rungs but no compartments is also sometimes called a paternoster.
The construction of new paternosters was stopped in the mid-1970s due to safety concerns, but public sentiment has kept many of the remaining examples open.
This first system outside of Great Britain already had the technology that would later become common, but was still driven by steam power like the English systems.
The highest paternoster lift in the world was located in Stuttgart in the 16 floor Tagblatt tower, which was completed in 1927.
Paternoster elevators are only intended for transporting people; accidents have occurred when paternosters were misused for transporting bulky items such as ladders or library trolleys.
The risk involved is estimated to be thirty times higher than conventional elevators; a representative of the Union of Technical Inspection Associations stated that Germany saw an average of one death per year prior to 2002, at which point many paternosters were made inaccessible to the general public.
The construction of new paternosters is no longer allowed in many countries because of the high risk of accident for people who cannot use the lift properly.
In 2012, an 81-year-old man was killed when he fell into the shaft of a paternoster in the Dutch city of The Hague.
In September 1975 the paternoster in Newcastle University's Claremont Tower was taken out of service after a passenger was killed when a car left its guide rail at the top of its journey and forced the two cars ascending behind it into the winding room above.
In West Germany, new paternoster installations were banned in 1974, and there was an attempt to shut down all existing installations in 1994.
However, there was a wave of popular resistance to the ban at that time, and to another prospective ban in 2015. , Germany has 231 paternosters.
In April 2006, Hitachi announced plans for a modern paternoster-style elevator with computer-controlled cars and standard elevator doors to alleviate safety concerns.
In recent years, various partnerships like vendor managed inventory (VMI) approach have been used in inventory management as a means to cope with the bullwhip effect.
In the traditional inventory management, a retailer (sometimes called buyer) makes their own decisions regarding the order size while in VMI, a retailer shares their inventory data with a vendor (sometimes called supplier) such that the vendor is the decision-maker who determines the order size for both.
Thus, the vendor is responsible for the retailer's ordering cost, while the retailer has to pay for their own holding cost.
As replenishment frequencies play an important role in integrated inventory models to reduce the total cost of supply chains which many studies fail to model it in mathematical problems .
VMI is a family of business models in which the buyer of a product provides certain information to a supplier (vendor) of that product and the supplier takes full responsibility for maintaining an agreed inventory of the material, usually at the buyer's consumption location (usually a store).
A third-party logistics provider can also be involved to make sure that the buyer has the required level of inventory by adjusting the demand and supply gaps.
As a symbiotic relationship, VMI makes it less likely that a business will unintentionally become out of stock of a good and reduces inventory in the supply chain.
Furthermore, vendor (supplier) representatives in a store benefit the vendor by ensuring the product is properly displayed and store staff are familiar with the features of the product line, all these while helping to clean and organize their product lines for the store.
In other cases, the product may be in the possession of the retailer but is not owned by the retailer until the sale takes place, meaning that the retailer simply houses (and assists with the sale of) the product in exchange for a predetermined commission or profit (sometimes referred to as consignment stock).
A special form of this commission business is scan-based trading, where VMI is usually applied but its use is not mandatory.
VMI helps foster a closer understanding between the supplier and manufacturer by using electronic data interchange formats, EDI software and statistical methodologies to forecast and maintain correct inventory in the supply chain.
Vendors benefit from more control of displays and more customer contact for their employees; retailers benefit from reduced risk, better store staff knowledge (which builds brand loyalty for both the vendor and the retailer), and reduced display maintenance outlays.
Consumers benefit from knowledgeable store staff who are in frequent and familiar contact with manufacturer (vendor) representatives when parts or service are required.
They can help the consumer choose from competing products for items most suited to them and offer service support being offered by the store.
With VMI, businesses maintain a proper inventory, and optimized inventory leads to easy access and fast processing with reduced labor costs.
The first class of VMI, bi-level VMI mathematical model, includes two levels (or echelons) in a supply chain: vendor and retailer.
There are three types of VMI mathematical models developed from this class, which are single-vendor single-retailer VMI model, single-vendor multi-retailer VMI model, and multi-vendor multi-retailer VMI model.
As replenishment frequencies play an important role in integrated inventory models to reduce the total cost of supply chains which many studies fail to model it in mathematical problems.
15, a post-Civil War promise proclaimed by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on January 16, 1865, to allot family units, including freed people, a plot of land no larger than .
The field orders followed a series of conversations between Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton and Radical Republican abolitionists Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens following disruptions to the institution of slavery provoked by the American Civil War.
Many freed people believed, after being told by various political figures, that they had a right to own the land they had long worked as slaves, and were eager to control their own property.
Freed people widely expected to legally claim 40 acres of land (a quarter-quarter section) and a mule after the end of the war.
Some freedmen took advantage of the order and took initiatives to acquire land plots along a strip of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida coasts.
Most blacks acquired land through private transactions, with ownership peaking at in 1910, before an extended financial recession caused problems that resulted in the loss of property for many.
Legally, slaves could not own anything, but in practice they did acquire capital, and generally saw themselves as the lowest-ranking members of the capitalist system.
As legal slavery came to an end, many freed people fully expected to gain ownership of the land they had worked, as some abolitionists had led them to expect.
Perceived as a job-stealing threat to society — they were a downward force on wages since they usually would work for less than whites — and particularly as a dangerous influence on slaves, free Negroes had not been welcome in most areas of the United States.
In the South, vagrancy laws had allowed the states to force free Negroes into labor, and sometimes to sell them into slavery.
Some maintained that the land the freedmen had farmed for no pay should be taken from their former owners and given to them.
Although there was discussion of settling freedmen in some undeveloped land in the new western territories, or helping them emigrate to Canada or Mexico, the ACS decided to send them to Africa, to the closest available land (and therefore the cheapest to reach).
But colonization was slow and unappealing to many, who had no ties with or interest in Africa, and as mass emancipation loomed there was no consensus about what to do with the millions of soon-to-be-free black slaves.
The idea of a land grant to an entire class of people was not so unusual in the 1700s and 1800s as it seems today.
For example, Thomas Jefferson proposed a grant of 50 acres to any free man who didn't already have at least that much, in his draft of a revolutionary constitution for Virginia in 1776.
More recently, various Homestead Acts were passed 1862–1916, granting 160–640 acres (a quarter section to a full section), depending on the act, and earlier homesteading occurred under statutes such as the Preemption Act of 1841.
Freedmen were not generally eligible for homesteading because they were not citizens, which changed with the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, when they were granted citizenship, and the Fifteenth Amendment, which in 1870 gave them the right to vote.
As the Northern Army began to seize property in its war with the South, Congress passed the Confiscation Act of 1861.
General Benjamin Butler set a precedent for Union forces on May 24, 1861, when he refused to surrender escaped slaves to Confederates claiming ownership.
Many worked for the Army at a rate of $10.00/month, but these wages were not sufficient for them to make major improvements in housing.
This plan—initiated by John A. Dix and supported by Captain Wilder and Secretary of War Stanton—drew negative reactions from Republicans who wanted to avoid connecting northward black migration with the newly announced Emancipation Proclamation.
Fear of competition by black workers, as well as generalized racial prejudice, made the prospect of black refugees unpalatable for Massachusetts politicians.
With support from orders from General Rufus Saxton, General Butler and Captain Wilder pursued local resettlement operations, providing many of the blacks in Hampton with two acres of land and tools with which to work.
Hampton was well known as one of the War's first and biggest refugee camps, and served as a sort of model for other settlements.
The Union Army occupied the Sea Islands after the November 1861 Battle of Port Royal, leaving the area's many cotton plantations to the black farmers who worked on them.
The early liberation of the Sea Island blacks, and the relatively unusual absence of the former white masters, raised the issue of how the South might be organized after the fall of slavery.
In the early days of federal occupation, troops were badly mistreating the island's residents, and had raided plantation supplies of food and clothing.
One Union officer was caught preparing to secretly transport a group of blacks to Cuba, in order to sell them as slaves.
Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase had in December deployed Colonel William H. Reynolds to collect and sell whatever cotton could be confiscated from the Sea Island plantations.
Soon after, Chase deployed Edward Pierce (after his brief period at Grand Contraband Camp) to assess the situation in Port Royal.
Pierce found a plantation under strict Army control, paying wages too low to enable economic independence; he also criticized the Army's policy of shipping cotton North to be ginned.
He recommended the establishment of a supervised black farming collective to prepare the workers for the responsibilities of citizenship—and to serve as a model for post-slavery labor relations in the South.
The Treasury Department sought to raise money and in many cases was already leasing occupied territories to Northern capitalists for private management.
The collective was established and became known as the Port Royal Experiment: a possible model for black economic activity after slavery.
The Experiment attracted support from Northerners like economist Edward Atkinson, who hoped to prove his theory that free labor would be more productive than slave labor.
These sympathetic Northerners quickly recruited a boatload (53 chosen from a pool of applicants several times larger) of Ivy League and divinity school graduates who set off for Port Royal on March 3, 1862.
The residents of Port Royal generally resented the military and civilian occupiers, who exhibited racist superiority in varying degrees of overtness.
Joy turned to sorrow when, on May 12 Union soldiers arrived to draft all able-bodied black men previously liberated on April 13, 1862, by General David Hunter who proclaimed slavery abolished in Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama.
Hunter kept his regiment even after Lincoln reversed this tri-state emancipation proclamation; but disbanded almost all of it when unable to draw payroll from the War Department.
Black farmers preferred to grow vegetables and catch fish, whereas the missionaries (and other whites on the islands) encouraged monoculture of cotton as a cash crop.
In the thinking of the latter, civilization would be advanced by incorporating blacks into the consumer economy dominated by Northern manufacturing.
Meanwhile, various conflicts arose among the missionaries, the Army, and the merchants whom Chase and Reynolds had invited to Port Royal in order to confiscate all that could be sold.
Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton appointed General Rufus Saxton as military governor of Port Royal in April 1862, and by December Saxton was agitating for permanent black control over the land.
He won support from Stanton, Chase, Sumner, and President Lincoln, but met continuing resistance from a tax commission that wanted to sell the land.
Saxton also received approval to train a black militia, which formally became the 1st South Carolina Volunteers on January 1, 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation legalized its existence.
One black farming collective outbid the outside investors, paying an average of $7.00 per acre for the 470 plantation on which they already lived and worked.
But Saxton and French considered the 16,000-acre reserve to be inadequate, and instructed black families to stake claims and build houses on all 60,000 acres of the land.
At French's urging, Chase and Lincoln authorized Sea Island families (and solitary wives of soldiers in the Union Army) to claim 40-acre plots.
With a requirement of six months' prior residency, the order functionally restricted settlement to blacks, missionaries, and others who were already involved in the Experiment.
Claims to land under the new plan began to arrive immediately, but Commissioner Brisbane ignored them, hoping for another reversal of the decision in Washington.
On January 11, 1865, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton arrived in Savannah with Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs and other officials.
At 8:00 PM on January 12, 1865, Sherman met with a group of twenty people, many of whom had been slaves for most of their lives.
The blacks of Savannah had seized the opportunity of emancipation to strengthen their community's institutions, and they had strong political feelings.
Almost all of those present agreed to request land grants for autonomous black communities, on the grounds that racial hatred would prevent economic advancement for blacks in mixed areas.
15, issued on January 16, 1865, instructed officers to settle these refugees on the Sea Islands and inland: 400,000 total acres divided into 40-acre plots.
Though mules (beasts of burden used for plowing) were not mentioned, some of its beneficiaries did receive them from the army.
Saxton, who, with Stanton, helped to craft the document, was promoted to Major General and charged with oversight of the new settlement.
On February 3, Saxton addressed a large freedpeople's meeting at Second African Baptist, announcing the order and outlining preparations for new settlement.
However, this was never the understanding of the settlers—nor of General Saxton, who said he asked Sherman to cancel the order unless it was meant to be permanent.
Some areas were settled by groups: Skidaway Island was colonized by a group of over 1000 people, including Reverend Ulysses L. Houston.
Beginning in occupied Louisiana under General Nathaniel P. Banks, the military developed a wage-labor system for cultivating large areas of land.
This system—which took effect with Lincoln and Stanton's blessing soon after the Emancipation Proclamation legitimized contracts with the freedpeople—offered ironclad one-year contracts to freedpeople.
Criticism of Treasury Department profiteering by General John Eaton and journalists who witnessed the new form of plantation labor influenced public opinion in the North and pressured Congress to support direct control of land by freedmen.
The Treasury Department, particularly as Secretary Chase prepared to seek the Republican nomination in 1864, accused the military of treating the freedpeople inhumanely.
One of the largest black landownership projects took place at Davis Bend, Mississippi, the 11,000-acre site of plantations owned by Joseph Davis and his famous younger brother Jefferson, president of the Confederacy.
Influenced by some aspects of Robert Owen's socialism, Joseph Davis had established the experimental 4000-acre Hurricane Plantation in 1827 at Davis Bend.
In February 1864, the Treasury re-confiscated 2000 acres of Davis Bend, restoring them to white owners who had sworn loyalty oaths.
Eaton also ordered Thomas to confiscate farming equipment held by blacks, on the grounds that—because Mississippi law banned slaves from owning property—they must have stolen such possessions.
From 1863–1865, Congress debated what policies it might adopt to address the social issues that would confront the South after the war.
Land reform was often discussed, though some objected that too much capital would be required to ensure the success of black farmers.
On January 31, 1865, the House of Representatives approved the 13th Amendment, which outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude except in the case of punishment.
Congress continued to debate the economic and social status of the free population, with land reform identified as critical to realizing black freedom.
A bill drafted in conference committee to provide limited land tenure for one year while authorizing military supervision of freedmen was rejected in the Senate by abolitionists who thought it did not do justice to the freedmen.
At the end of said term, or at any time during said term, the occupants of any parcels so assigned may purchase the land and receive such title thereto as the United States can convey, upon paying therefor the value of the land, as ascertained and fixed for the purpose of determining the annual rent aforesaid.
The bill thus established a system in which Southern blacks could lease abandoned and confiscated land, with yearly rent at 6% (or less) of the land's value (assessed for tax purposes in 1860).
The Bureau in charge, which became known as the Freedmen's Bureau, was placed under the continuing supervision of the military because Congress anticipated the need to defend black settlements from White Southerners.
The bill implicitly rejected plans by Lincoln and others to colonize blacks abroad, or even in segregated regions of the United States—its mandate would have institutionalized black landownership of the same land that had formerly relied on their unpaid labor.
On May 29, 1865, Johnson issued an amnesty proclamation to ordinary Southern citizens who swore loyalty oaths, promising not only political immunity but also return of confiscated property.
General O. O. Howard, chief of the Freedmen's Bureau, requested an interpretation from Attorney General James Speed regarding how this proclamation would affect the Freedmen's Bureau mandate.
Howard acted quickly based on the authorization from Speed, ordering an inventory of lands available for redistribution and resisting white Southerners' attempts to reclaim property.
This area represented 0.2% of land in the South; ultimately the Johnson proclamation required the Bureau to re-allocate most of it to its former owners.
After issuing Circular 13, however, Howard, seemingly unaware of how significant and controversial his instructions might prove, left Washington for a vacation in Maine.
When Howard returned to Washington, Johnson ordered him to write a new Circular that would respect his policy of land restoration.
Especially during the six-week period between Circular #13 and Circular #15, '40 acres and a mule' (along with other supplies necessary for farming) represented a common promise of Freedmen's Bureau agents.
A Bureau administrator in Virginia proposed leasing to each family a 40-acre plot of land, a pair of mules, harnesses, a cart, tools, seeds, and food supplies.
During and after the war, politicians, generals and others envisioned a variety of colonization plans that would have provided real estate to black families.
Although the American Colonization Society had been colonizing more people in Liberia and receiving more donations (almost one million dollars in the 1850s), it did not have the means to respond to mass emancipation.
Lincoln had long supported colonization as a plausible solution to the problem of slavery, and pursued colonization plans throughout his presidency.
Lincoln immediately created an Emigration Office within the Department of the Interior and instructed the State Department to acquire suitable land.
The first major plan considered would have sent employed free blacks as coal miners in Chiriquí Province, Panama (then part of Gran Colombia).
Volunteers were promised 40 acres of land and a job in the mines; Senator Samuel C. Pomeroy, whom Lincoln had appointed to oversee the plan, had also purchased mules, yokes, tools, wagons, seeds, and other supplies to support a potential colony.
However, the plan was canceled by the end of the year—due perhaps to Latin American and British opposition, or to a discovery that Chiriquí's coal was of poor quality.
Like Liberia, an independent black nation, Haiti was also considered a good place to colonize freedpeople from the U.S. As the Chiriquí plan was hitting its stride in 1862, Lincoln was developing another plan to colonize the small island of Île à Vache near Haiti.
292 survivors from the original group remained on the island and 73 had moved to Aux Cayes; most were restored to the U.S. by a mission of the Navy in February 1864.
The American Colonization Society settled a few hundred people in Liberia during the war, and several thousand more in the five years following.
Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest had proposed in 1865 before the end of the war to hire black soldiers and freedmen in constructing a railroad for the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad Company, paying them with $1/day and land along the railway line.
As it became clear that the pool of land available for blacks was rapidly shrinking, the Union discussed various proposals for how blacks might resettle and eventually own their own land.
In Virginia, the mass of landless blacks represented a growing crisis—soon to be exacerbated by the return of 10,000 black soldiers from Texas.
Concerned about a possible insurrection, Colonel Orlando Brown (head of the Freedmen's Bureau in Virginia) proposed relocating Virginia's blacks to Texas or Florida.
Brown proposed that the federal government reserve 500,000 acres in Florida for colonization by the soldiers and 50,000 other free blacks from Virginia.
With support from Thaddeus Stevens and William Fessenden, Congress began to debate a new bill for black settlement of public lands in the South.
The result was the Southern Homestead Act, which opened 46,398,544.87 acres of land in Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas to homesteading; initially 80-acre parcels (half-quarter section) until June 1868, and thereafter 160-acre parcels (quarter section).
Howard, concerned about competition with Confederates that would begin in 1867, ordered Bureau agents to inform free blacks about the Homesteading Act.
Local commissioners did not disseminate the information widely, and many freedpeople were unwilling to venture into unknown territory, with insufficient supplies, based only on the promise of land after five years.
They also faced extremely harsh conditions, usually on low quality land that had been rejected by white settlers in years past.
The national dialogue about land ownership as a key to success for freedpeople gave way (in the sphere of white politics and media) to the implementation of a plantation wage system.
Under pressure from Johnson and other pro-capital politicians in the North, and from almost all of white society in the South, the Freedmen's Bureau was transformed from a protector of land rights to an enforcer of wage labor.
Although the freedpeople formed this belief in response to the policies of the Freedmen's Bureau and Circular #13, their hopes were soon downplayed as superstition akin to belief in Santa Claus.
Southern farmowners complained that because they were waiting for land, the newly free blacks would not readily sign long-term labor contracts.
Black hopes for land came to be seen as a major barrier to economic productivity, and forces from both South and North worked hard to dispel them.
Agents of the Freedmen's Bureau now told blacks that redistribution was impossible and that they would need to perform wage labor to survive.
Even Rufus Saxton, who campaigned actively for black property in the Sea Islands, issued a Circular instructing his agents to dispel the rumor of redistribution at New Year's 1866.
Although some Whites continued to press for colonization, most now believed that black labor could be recuperated through the wage system.
According to many historians, economic negotiations between blacks and whites in the South thus unfolded within the parameters dictated by the Johnson administration.
Union troops also forcefully evicted settlers, sometimes provoking violent standoffs; many blacks came to trust the Freedmen's Bureau no more than they did the Rebels.
The whites (military occupiers and local residents) agreed on a plan to deport the freedpeople back to their counties of origin.
Some of the blacks in Hampton formed a community land trust called Lincon's Land Association and purchased several hundred acres of surrounding land.
Land for the Hampton Institute (later Hampton University), was acquired from 1867–1872 with assistance from George Whipple of the American Missionary Association.
Many freedpeople could not afford to purchase land immediately after the war, but earned money in jobs outside farming such as fishing and oystering.
However, they did constitute a base of economic power, and blacks from this region held political office at a high rate.
Survivors of the camps also achieved a high level of land ownership and business success in the town of Hampton itself.
The May 29 amnesty proclamation did not apply to many Sea Islands landowners; however, most of these had secured special pardons directly from Johnson.
The settlers formed a solidarity network to resist reclamation of their lands, and proved willing to defend their homes with vigorous displays of force.
The Sea Island homesteaders also wrote directly to Howard and Johnson, insisting that the government keep its promise and maintain their homesteads.
In the winter of 1866–1867, Sickles turned the Union Army on the settlers, evicting all those that could not produce the correct deed.
Soldiers continued to evict settlers and enforce work agreements, leading in 1867 to a large-scale armed standoff between the Army and a group of farmers who would not renew their contract with a plantation owner.
The (second) Second Freedmen's Bureau bill, passed in July 1866 over Johnson's veto, stipulated the freedpeople whose lands had been restored to Confederate owners could pay $1.25 per acre for up to 20 acres of land in St. Luke and St. Helena parishes of Beaufort County, South Carolina.
The transaction itself was illegal because the Mississippi Black Codes outlawed sale of property to blacks; Davis and Montgomery therefore conducted the deal in secret.
Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner continued to support land reform for freedpeople, but were opposed by a large bloc of politicians who did not want to violate property rights or redistribute capital.
One reason for the shift in political opinion was fear by the Republicans that land ownership might lead Blacks to align with Democrats for economic reasons.
The total number of Black farmers has decreased from 925,708 in 1920 to 18,000 in 1997; the number of white farmers has also decreased, but much more slowly.
Black families who inherit land across generations without obtaining an explicit title (often resulting in tenancy in common by multiple descendants) may have difficulty gaining government benefits and risk losing their land completely.
At Harris Neck in the Sea Islands, a group of Gullah freedpeople retained 2,681 acres of high-quality land due to the Will of the plantation owner Marg[a]ret Ann Harris.
About 100 black farmers continued to live at Harris Neck until 1942, when they were forced off the land because of a plan to build an Air Force base.
The land was used freely by local white authorities until 1962, when it was turned over to the federal Fish and Wildlife Service and became Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge.
An 'old line' department, USDA was one of the last federal agencies to integrate and perhaps the last to include women and minorities in leadership positions.
Considered a stubborn bureaucracy and slow to change, USDA is also perceived as playing a key role in what some see as a conspiracy to force minority and socially disadvantaged farmers off their land through discriminatory loan practices.
However, strictly speaking, the various policies offering 'forty acres' provided land for political and economic reasons—and with a price tag—and not as unconditional compensation for lifetimes of unpaid labor.
The series originally aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from February 1, 1990 to February 12, 1991 for a total of 54 episodes.
The English version of the series first aired in 1993 on YTV in Canada and in 1996 in the United States on first-run syndication.
The series was broadcast on Australian television on the weekday Network Seven morning kid's wrapper programme Agro's Cartoon Connection from April 1992.
When Saban licensed the English version, proper translations of and information about the original Japanese episodes were either of poor quality or non-existent.
It was decided to write completely original dialogue for the English dub, playing the show as a wacky, Animaniacs-esque comedy in contrast to the less farcical original.
Discotek Media currently holds the North American home video license to the series in North America, while Madman Entertainment holds the license for Australia and New Zealand.
The series is set in Little Tokyo, a mechanical city which fuses feudal Japanese culture with contemporary culture, and is populated by cybernetic anthropomorphic animals.
Big Cheese is aided by his inept minions: trusted adviser Jerry Atric and Bad Bird, the leader of an army of ninja crows.
Instead, Al Dente enlists the services of Speedy Cerviche, Polly Esther, and Guido Anchovy, three cyborg cat samurai who work in the city's pizzeria, along with their operator Francine.
Known collectively as the Samurai Pizza Cats, the three are assigned to stop Big Cheese and his evil henchmen's plans to take over Little Tokyo.
The music in the English dub (replacing the original Japanese music) was by Shuki Levy and Haim Saban (credited as Kussa Mahchi).
In keeping with the parodic nature of the show, the lyrics of the new theme song make a number of references to American pop culture.
DVDs were released in region 1 format, with the Japanese version in Dolby Stereo 2.0 and English version in Dolby Digital Mono.
Collection 1, containing episodes 1–26, was released on October 16, 2013; collection 2 containing episodes 27–52, was released on December 4, 2013.
Various toys and model kits were released in both Japan and Europe by Bandai, the latter usually being reboxed versions of the prior.
Action figures for the Samurai Pizza Cats and the Rescue Team (the Japanese originals came as model kits comparable to today's Gundam toys, while the European figures came pre-assembled).
There were also both large and small (Gachapon-sized) rubber-like figures and playsets for the smaller figures, including the Great Catatonic and the pizza parlor.
The mangue bit or manguebeat movement is a cultural movement created circa 1991 in the city of Recife in Northeast Brazil in reaction to the cultural and economic stagnation of the city.
The movement largely focuses on music, mixing regional rhythms of Brazilian Northeast, such as maracatu, frevo, coco and forró, with rock, hip hop, funk and electronic music.
A major symbol associated with mangue bit is that of an antenna stuck in the mud receiving signals from all over the world.
The term is often considered derogatory, with negative connotations in terms of the quality, competence, and attitude of a person thus described.
Members of the apparat (apparatchiks or apparatchiki) were frequently transferred between different areas of responsibility, usually with little or no actual training for their new areas of responsibility.
Ken Morse (born c. 1944) is a British rostrum camera operator who has provided visual effects to BBC television programmes over several decades.
The British Academy (BAFTA) presented him with a Lifetime Achievement award to recognise his contributions to the industry over nearly forty years.
Lost in Space is a 1998 American science-fiction adventure film directed by Stephen Hopkins, and starring William Hurt, Matt LeBlanc, and Gary Oldman.
The film focuses on the Robinson family, who undertake a voyage to a nearby star system to begin large-scale emigration from a soon-to-be uninhabitable Earth, but are thrown off course by a saboteur and must try to find their way home.
The family's physician Dr. Zachary Smith, a Sedition spy, sabotages the ship's on-board robot before launch, but is betrayed by his cohorts and left unconscious as the ship launches and the family enters cryosleep.
Smith awakens the Robinsons and West, who manage to subdue the robot, but the ship is falling uncontrollably into the sun.
Forced to use the experimental hyperdrive with an unplotted course, the ship is transported through hyperspace to a remote planet in an uncharted part of the universe.
They are attacked by spider-like creatures; one scratches Smith, and the robot's body is irreparably damaged but Will saves its computerized intelligence.
West destroys the vessel to eradicate the spiders, causing the ship to crash-land on the nearby planet, where another distortion appears.
Exploring the time bubble, he and West encounter a future version of Will and a robot he rebuilt with the saved intelligence.
Smith tricks Will into handing over his weapon, but is foiled by a future version of himself, transformed by his spider injury into a spider-like creature, who has been protecting Will since the rest of the family was killed.
Realizing his father never actually abandoned them, and that he really does love him, Will sets the time machine to send John back to his family, but there is only enough power for one person.
Realizing they do not have enough power to escape the planet's gravitational pull, John suggests they drive the ship down through the planet, using the gravity well to slingshot them back into space.
Filming began on March 3, 1997 in London's Shepperton Studios, with more than 700 special effects shots planned, done by Industrial Light & Magic and Jim Henson's Creature Shop.
TVT Records released a soundtrack album on March 31, 1998, featuring 11 tracks of Bruce Broughton's original score (which makes no reference to either of the TV themes composed by John Williams) and eight tracks of electronic techno music (most of which is heard only over the film's end credits).
At Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 28% based on 83 appraisals, with an average score of 4.7/10.
Dick & Dom in da Bungalow is a CBBC entertainment television series presented by the duo Dick and Dom (Richard McCourt and Dominic Wood).
The series was broadcast on weekend mornings on various BBC television channels for five series, running between 31 August 2002 and 11 March 2006.
These were all children in Series 1-4, whilst in Series 5, five children and one celebrity were the contestants on the Saturday show, and five children and a special guest ranging from family members / friends, or the cast of the show in various outfits (such as Darth Vader, or Mr. Blobby) were contestants on the Sunday show.
Points were earned through success in various games throughout the show, although points could be awarded or taken away at any time by the hosts.
Although they threatened to do this, for example, when a particular child was being troublesome, this was mostly never carried out.
The first and second prizes were usually desirable items such as a TV or games console, but the third prize was always a 'booby prize' like a hubcap, a cake made of carpet, a hairy cheese, bottled water from the River Hull or a chocolate tea pot.
During Series 1 to 4, the points total at the end of Saturday - with an extra prize for the winner on Saturday - was carried over to the Sunday show, and prizes were awarded at the end of that show.
During the animated titles, Dick and Dom are in bed and the hands from the logo wake them up, get out of bed, brush Dick and Dom's teeth, get their hair done, get them to the toilet and get them in the lift.
At the beginning of every episode, after the titles had aired, a prerecorded segment was played in which the presenters emerged from the lift in the studio in a costume (e.g.
The doors closed and the show then switched to live broadcast, with Dick and Dom reemerging from the lift in casual clothes and quickly starting the show.
Series 5 saw the picture frame being used less than in previous series and in addition, there were attempts to implement numerous tricks with the picture frame, including firing gunge and pushing out small objects like bouquets of flowers.
Buckets of other substances, such as 'Dirty Norris' (chocolate sauce mixed with treacle or toffee sauce), mushy peas and baked beans were also commonly used.
During Series 1 to 4 (2002–2005), there was no precise nature or specific theme to Creamy Muck Muck, except for its ending.
It has seen simple pie throwing in earlier series, various sport based themes, a murder mystery, and also many episodes where the presenters have pretended that they were not going to be throwing muck muck.
For Series 5 (2005–2006), the theme was normally a parody of a traditional game show, most of which had aired on the BBC in the decades prior to the show's inception - long enough for the contestants not to be old enough to know them.
If the Prize Losers won, then they became the new 1st, 2nd and 3rd, and take the prizes off the previous Prize Winners.
Usually, these forfeits included a Bungalow Head being covered in different foods, known as 'the usual', including Creamy Muck-Muck and 'Dirty Norris' (originally a Marmite-like substance, later replaced by chocolate custard), chopped tomatoes and mushy peas.
The forfeits were of two types: the first that was auctioned was usually a task for a Bungalow Head that lasted the whole show, for example 'The Clockwork Kid', or 'The Caveman Kid'.
Also 'blind bidding' was introduced where the Bungalow Heads would write their bids down, which was done to help save time.
At the end of the final Sunday episode (5 March 2006), 'Tomdickunharry' revealed himself to have been Dick all along on-screen.
Each parent sat at one end of a mat and the first baby to get from one parent to the other was the winner.
The race was treated much like a horse race (to get points the Bungalow Heads had to bet on which baby they thought would win) up to and including the humorous commentary where other 'race tracks' are referred to as if baby racing was a popular sport.
During one of the races in the fifth series, a baby stopped crawling and took their first steps live on the show.
The game involved a spinning wheel (akin to a roulette wheel) with twelve different chocolates placed on it, each one shaped like the show's logo.
However, the chocolates all looked identical, and therefore neither the presenter nor the Bungalow Head knew which one of the chocolates was flavoured with chili.
If however, someone consumed the chili chocolate, it would become immediately evident that they had done so as they would often cry out in pain, go red in the face and have to have a drink to cool down.
In the game, the Bungalow Head was led into DCI Harry Batt's Interrogation Room (one of the rooms in the Bungalow), accompanied by either Dick or Dom.
A 90-second clock would start and the Bungalow Head would have to tell an elaborate story about why they had supposedly been arrested by DCI Harry Batt, saying their secret word as many times as possible in the story.
Each mention of the secret word during the story was worth 20 Bungalow Points, and a running count of how many points the Bungalow Head had scored was shown on screen.
However, at the end of the 90 seconds, DCI Harry Batt would then be given the opportunity to guess the Bungalow Head's secret word from the story they had told.
If DCI Harry Batt correctly guessed the secret word, as happened on the majority of times the game was played, the Bungalow Head would score no points at all.
If DCI Harry Batt was incorrect however, the Bungalow Head would keep all the points they had scored in the game.
In the game, a large box was revealed, and without any clues or hints whatsoever, Bungalow Heads had to draw what they thought was in the box.
The feature attracted some controversy outside of its target audience, mainly due to the public nature of the game and concerns over imitation by the show's young audience.
Inside the Bungalow was a large purple cupboard, and once or twice during each show, away from the attention of Dick, Dom and the Bungalow Heads, the cupboard doors would open to show the adventures of Diddy Dick and Dom.
These were short pre-recorded sketches, no more than a minute in length, with Dick and Dom donning black clothes and attaching a small puppet's body around their necks.
The sketches involving Diddy Dick and Diddy Dom tended to be either slapstick humour, puns or, more often than not, toilet humour.
Eamonn Holmes was a guest inside the cupboard on two occasions, both times appearing as a head inside Diddy Dick and Dom's TV.
It involved Dick and Dom placing stickers of their own faces of increasing size on the backs, or other places, of unsuspecting members of the public.
The game was over when a member of the public discovered that they had been a victim, and the loser was the one who placed that sticker.
Until Series 5 of 'Da Bungalow', each week a short, five-minute feature would be shown of the travels of 'next door's cat', who would visit the Bungalow to recount the tales of his adventures.
The film was normally a short segment about a town, full of irreverent comments about the people and the monuments that the Cat came across.
Such towns included Uckfield, Ely, Goring-on-Thames, Sandwich, Wetwang, Letchworth, Pangbourne and Stoke-on-Trent, a song about which was one of the highlights of the third series.
This feature was repeated on Sundays in the fifth series, with the Cat claiming he visited the same places again, met the same people and made exactly the same films.
This short lived feature during series 5 followed Dick and Dom's neighbour, The Prize Idiot (played by Lee Barnett), in his attempts to get a job.
He tried several professions—including being a farmer, a librarian, a baker and an airline steward for Jet2.com— all without much success and invariably being let go at the end of the day.
This was achieved in many different ways, such as by rolling in mud or by asking members of the public to throw messy food at them.
Dick and Dom dressed up as people who worked on transport, such as sailors or train drivers, and went to a high street in a town.
Both presenters would have to start at the start line and race to get to the finish line at the other end of the high street.
These multitude of characters were usually played Da Bungalow's resident actors; Dave Chapman, Ian Kirkby, Melvin Odoom and Lee Barnett, along with Dick and Dom themselves.
In a somewhat Monty Python style, the six actors would portray majority of the outrageous characters appearing in the show, including the females (dressed in drag).
Occasionally other actors appeared in minors roles, whilst Steve Ryde (the series producer) provided several voice-overs for the show, though he never appeared on screen.
The first two series were broadcast on the CBBC Channel in 2002/3, with each programme lasting three hours (9am to 12noon, and repeated later the same day from 1 to 4pm).
The Second series started a week after the end of the first (4 January 2003) and lasted til 28 June 2003.
At the start of the series they tried a number of ways of bringing in the prizes before using the Prize Idiot.
The basement set was used as an alternative place for some of the games, as well as containing a celebrity 'locked up' in the cage.
Notable additions to this series was the addition of an attic to the bungalow, which was mainly used for the 'Drop Your Guts' game (see games section).
There were also 4 special Christmas & New Year Episodes, broadcast on Christmas Day & Boxing Day 2004, News Years Day and 2 January 2005.
These were only broadcast on the CBBC Channel, however, the Christmas Day Episode was repeated on BBC Two on 27 December 2004.
The Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Years Day Episodes were repeated again on the CBBC Channel on 24, 25 & 31 December 2005.
During the week leading up to Red Nose Day 2005, a short spin-off series was produced allowed six celebrities each day into their bungalow to raise money for Comic Relief.
The programme was broadcast live from Monday 7 March to Thursday 10 March 2005 at 4:30pm on BBC One and at 6pm on BBC Two.
The Saturday edition remained two hours long on both BBC One and the CBBC Channel; however, the Sunday edition was cut to one hour on the CBBC Channel.
On Saturday the final Bungalow Head was a celebrity, and on Sunday it tended to be someone who the other Bungalow Heads knew (e.g.
As a result, last year's Christmas Day, Boxing Day & New Years Day Specials were broadcast on the Christmas & New Years Weekend.
When the Show returned on 7 January 2006, the Saturday show was moved to BBC Two during the BBC's experiment involving their Saturday morning line-up - BBC Two shows were moved to BBC One in return.
Then, for the first time ever, viewers were shown the outside of the bungalow, which subsequently collapsed under creamy muck muck before being kicked over by a giant foot.
However, the complaint was rejected on the grounds that the boy's parents were already aware about the programme's format and had willingly given their consent for the boy to participate.
The lack of celebrity was symbolised in earlier series by the presence of a minor, and often somewhat cult, celebrity, locked up in a cage in the dungeon of the Bungalow.
On 30 April 2006 Dick and Dom did a show for the charity Myeloma UK, , in the Bloomsbury Theatre, London There were two shows (one at 2pm and another at 5pm), which consisted of games from the show including the Outboard Motor Gob Game, Sloppy Ploppy Choosy Pops and the Cereal Race.
Short five-minute compilations of the Diddy Dick and Dom sketches were aired as filler programmes on BBC Two and the CBBC Channel after the programme's demise.
A new series of compilations began airing during weekday mornings on BBC2 from Monday 26 January to Friday 20 February 2009 featuring newly recorded material from the original cast and the creamy muck muck finale towards the end of each episode.
Notice the deliberate spelling mistake in the title (Dairies-Diaries), which is pointed out in the final episode of Da Dick and Dom Dairies.
On 14 November 2019 Dick and Dom ran a poll on Twitter asking if viewers would be interested to see a revival of the show, except with Adults as Bungalow Heads.
The original were a group of 428 poems written by Rückert in 1833–34 in an outpouring of grief following the illness (scarlet fever) and death of two of his children.
These poems were not intended for publication, and they appeared in print only in 1871, five years after the poet's death.
The songs are written in Mahler's late-romantic idiom, and like the texts reflect a mixture of feelings: anguish, fantasy resuscitation of the children, resignation.
Hefling indicates that Mahler composed the first, third, and fourth songs in 1901 (he played them for his friend Natalie Bauer-Lechner on 10 August).
The work is scored for a vocal soloist (the notes lie comfortably for a baritone or mezzo-soprano) and an orchestra consisting of piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais (English horn), 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns, timpani, glockenspiel, tam-tam, celesta, harp, and strings.
Alma's fears proved all too prescient, for four years after the work had been completed the Mahlers' daughter Maria died of scarlet fever, aged four.
CBBC (short for Children's BBC or initialed for Children's British Broadcasting Corporation) is a British children's television brand owned by the BBC and primarily aimed for children aged between 6 and 12.
CBBC programmes were also broadcast in high definition alongside other BBC content on BBC HD, generally at afternoons on weekends, unless the channel was covering other events.
It lasted for two years before being taken off air when the service closed due to the Second World War in September 1939.
Meanwhile, weekday afternoon children's programmes on BBC One were introduced by the usually off-screen continuity announcer, though often specially-designed menus and captions would be used.
The official billing name of Children's BBC remained in place, however, until the BBC's network-wide branding refresh of October 1997, when the official on-air branding changed to CBBC.
During this time, BBC Scotland opt out of the national presenters to broadcast their local version of the weekday morning breakfast show presented by Grant Stott and Gail Porter.
In 2002, the launch of the CBBC Channel and the CBeebies Channel saw a wide variety of programmes, both new and archive, being shown again on the new channels from 6 am or 7 am until 7 pm.
Ms Jowell responded that it was the government's job to develop a charter for the BBC; and then the BBC's job to determine standards of taste, decency and appropriateness.
In 2009, a report published by the BBC Trust found that scheduling changes which took place in February 2008, where programming ended at 17:15, had led to a decrease in viewers.
As part of the Delivering Quality First proposals submitted by the BBC in October 2011 and approved by the BBC Trust in May 2012, all children's programming on BBC One and Two would be moved permanently to the CBBC and CBeebies channels following the digital switchover.
It was found that the majority of child viewers watched the programmes on these channels already and that only 7% of these children watched CBBC programmes on BBC One and Two only.
Children's programming on BBC One ended on 21 December 2012 with the CBeebies' morning strand on BBC Two ending on 4 January 2013.
In November 2015, as a further aspect of the Delivering Quality First plan that resulted in the replacement of BBC Three with a branded digital presence, the BBC Trust approved a proposal for CBBC to extend its broadcast day by two hours, using bandwidth previously reserved for BBC Three.
On 14 March 2016, CBBC unveiled a new logo and on-air presentation, featuring an abstract, multicoloured wordmark enclosed in a box.
On 4 July 2017, the BBC announced as part of its inaugural Annual Plan for 2017–18, that it would invest an additional £34 million into children's content for digital platforms over the next three years, in an effort to counter changes in viewing habits.
The division relocated to BBC Bridge House, MediaCityUK in Salford Quays in May 2011, after being based in the East Tower of Television Centre in London since 1964.
Overall strategic responsibility for all of the BBC's services for children rests with the Director of Children's, Joe Godwin (since late 2009), with commissioning decisions for the two channels being made by a Controller of each channel; Cheryl Taylor (since 2012) is Controller of CBBC, and Kay Benbow (since 2010) is Controller of CBeebies.
From February 2002, the morning block consisted of 60 minutes of CBeebies-branded content from 06:00, followed by ninety minutes of CBBC from 07:00, then further CBeebies content from 08:30; in the afternoon on BBC One there was a block of CBeebies content from 3:15pm followed by CBBC content for the remainder of the afternoon slot.
Following the removal of BBC Schools' content from daytime BBC Two (into the BBC Learning Zone), the time allocated to CBeebies on BBC Two was extended.
CBBC therefore is often seen as offering a similar mix of formats to the wider BBC, albeit tailored to suit a young audience.
The booth became known as 'the Broom Cupboard' due to its small size (the term was first used to refer to a smaller temporary booth, but was later retroactively applied to the main booth).
The plain booth wall behind the presenter would be livened up with elements of set dressing, VT monitors and pictures sent in by viewers.
Occasionally, when Children's BBC was going out on BBC2 rather than BBC1 due to events coverage, the presenter would be located in the BBC2 continuity booth, which was not set dressed for Children's BBC, for transmission purposes.
There were two presentation studios – larger than the Broom Cupboards but smaller than full programme studios – known as Pres A and Pres B.
It was not initially thought economically viable to use these for daily Children's BBC links, hence the use of the Broom Cupboard.
The first broadcasts from Studio 9 were in June 1997; this was followed in October by the launch of the new-look CBBC branding.
TC9 continued to be the regular home of CBBC broadcasts on BBC One and Two until 2005 and was also used to record CBBC on Choice links between 2000 and 2002.
The CBBC Channel moved from TC2 to TC9, with BBC One / Two links and the UK Top 40 show moving to TC10 located on the sixth floor of TV Centre.
BBC One and Two links then moved back into TC9 alongside CBBC Channel in March 2006 as the number of studios available to CBBC was reduced.
A chroma key set was assembled in TC12, becoming the home of all CBBC links on BBC One, BBC Two and CBBC Channel until September 2007.
On 3 September 2007, the CSO studio was dropped in a relaunch which saw a small studio set built in TC12.
The design of the new 'office' set has been compared to the original 'broom cupboard', though unlike the 'broom cupboard' the 'office' is not a functioning continuity suite.
CBBC presentation originated from Studio HQ5 at Dock10, MediaCityUK in Salford Quays for the first time on Monday 5 September 2011 as part of the relocation of the BBC's Children's department (incorporating both CBBC and CBeebies).
A new post chute has also been installed in the new set where viewers send post to get read out live on air, and a new desk much larger from the previous one with multi-coloured blocks on the face of the desk.
In 2016, the CBBC Office became the CBBC HQ along with the rebrand incorporating a mostly orange and blue colour scheme.
The HQ also has picture frames were bare at the first day of the new look where Hacker was seen wearing a bow tie.
: Sky) viewers could access a video loop, however its availability on digital terrestrial (Freeview) was dependent upon BBC Red Button not showing other interactive services, such as major sports events coverage.
In 1981, the BBC released two children's compilations with the Smallfilms television shows that Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin did for the BBC since their TV broadcasts in the 1970s.
From 2 November 1992 to 6 October 1997, numerous CBBC preschool programmes of the 1980s & 1990s which is now on behalf of CBeebies have been released on compilation videos by the BBC.
The CBBC website provides a wide range of activities for children aged 6–12, such as games, videos, puzzles, print and makes, including now defunct pre-moderated message boards, now replaced with comment threads below videos, games and articles.
It provides content for all brands including Tracy Beaker, Sam & Mark's Big Friday Wind-Up, Horrible Histories, Stacey Dooley's Show Me What You're Made Of, Shaun the Sheep, Blue Peter, Newsround, Danger Mouse, The Dumping Ground, Wolfblood, Eve, Dick & Dom, Hetty Feather, Hank Zipzer, The Sarah Jane Adventures and DIXI.
It also gives kids the chance to view the CBBC iPlayer to replay or catch up their favourite CBBC programmes for up to 29 days.
Those acts include Ricky Nelson, Domenico Modugno, The Elegants, Tommy Edwards, Conway Twitty, The Kingston Trio, The Teddy Bears, and The Chipmunks.
NOTE: The Hot 100 Era officially began on Monday, August 4, 1958, which would be the week ending August 10 (issue date August 4).
The Kirby Awards came about in reaction against the 1983 institution of the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards, which were voted on by fans; Olbrich (and the editors at Fantagraphics) wished to create an award voted on by comics professionals (meaning creators, retailers, and distribution personnel).
The awards themselves were distributed at the annual San Diego Comic-Con, with Jack Kirby himself on hand to congratulate the winners.
Two new awards were created: the Eisner Award, managed by Olbrich and named after Will Eisner; and the Fantagraphics-managed Harvey Award, named for Harvey Kurtzman.
The series highlights the adventures of Senju (the Thousand-Hand Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva) who has to find and protect Sachi, an incarnation of the Buddha Miroku (Maitreya Bodhisattva).
Miroku is said to appear on Earth at a time when the Dharma is no longer taught and is completely forgotten, achieve complete enlightenment and then re-teach the pure dharma, becoming a successor of Śākyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
In 1975, a young orphan girl named Sachi protests against the planned destruction of the temple Saigan (her home) by the Minoura clan, who plans to build a hotel in its place.
When one of the gangsters notices the statue of the Thousand-Hand Kannon within the temple, Sachi tells them that she will not allow anything to happen to the statue.
In response, the gangsters laugh and threaten her, telling her that there is nothing the statue can do to save her.
The statue shatters into pieces and inside it is a boy who tells them to lay their hands off Sachi, sending fear amongst the gangsters who then flee, vowing revenge.
Senju, as an emissary of the buddha Kannon, has appeared in the human world to find and protect the reincarnation of the future Buddha, Miroku.
Recognizing Sachi as Miroku, Senju reveals that it is his mission to accompany her to India where she will awaken and achieve enlightenment to save the world from destruction.
However, they inhibited by the Mara, forces that seek to pollute with earthly desires, and Buddha who believe that Senju is not strong enough to protect Sachi from harm.
They have been hailed as one of the most important groups to come out of the manguebeat movement in the 1990s.
In their songs they experiment with mixing of rock, punk, funk, hip hop, soul, Pernambuco's regional rhythms and Brazilian traditional music, with heavy use of percussion instruments.
The Cymru Alliance League (known for sponsorship reasons as Huws Gray Alliance) was a football league in north and central Wales which formed the second level of the Welsh football league system.
If the team which finished top of the league held a Domestic Licence, it could apply for promotion to the Welsh Premier League and was replaced by one of the bottom two teams in the Welsh Premier League.
If the league champions did not hold a Domestic Licence, then the team which finished second, if in possession of a Domestic Licence, could be promoted instead.
Project Phoenix started work in February 1995 with the Parkes radio telescope located in New South Wales, Australia, the largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere.
Between September 1996 and April 1998, the Project used the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank in Green Bank, West Virginia, U.S.
Rather than attempting to scan the whole sky for messages, the Project concentrated on nearby systems that are similar to our own.
The Project searched for radio signals as narrow as 1 Hz between 1,000 and 3,000 MHz: a broad bandwidth compared with most SETI searches.
In March 2004 the Project announced that after checking the 800 stars on its list, it had failed to find any evidence of extraterrestrial signals.
This city was named Mauritsstadt and the Palacio do Campo das Princesas, seat of the State of Pernambuco government, is built on its ruins.
The Dutch were forced out in 1654 of a Recife with good infrastructure, for they had built canals and improved the port and the defenses of it.
Thus, a group of 24 Portuguese Jews who had previously migrated from Portugal to the Netherlands because of antisemitism, headed farther North with the Dutch, where New Amsterdam --present-day Manhattan-- was founded.
The first Synagogue built in the Americas, the Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is located in Recife Antigo, on Rua do Bom Jesus, formerly Rua dos Judeus, or Street of the Jews.
The Portuguese synagogue was founded in lower Manhattan and it is located on Central Park West in Manhattan nowadays under the name Portuguese & Spanish synagogue.
Chinatown is a common name for an urban enclave with large numbers of Chinese people and/or businesses within a non-Chinese society.
He graduated from The College of New Jersey (now Princeton) in 1820, and went on to practice law in Newton and Hamburg.
He won election to the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Sussex County in 1839 and 1840, and was elected governor in 1843.
After his service as governor, Haines was appointed in 1852 an Associate Justice to the New Jersey Supreme Court, an office which he held into 1866.
Haines died at his home in Hamburg, New Jersey and was buried at North Hardyston Cemetery in Hardyston Township, New Jersey.
On Australia Day 26 January 1993, Anderson was made a Member of the Order of Australia for his role as a youth advocate.
Anderson grew up in suburban Coburg and attended Coburg Technical School before working as a fitter and turner in a factory.
From 1971 to 1973, Anderson led rock group Peace Power and Purity and came to wider public notice as the lead vocalist with Buster Brown.
He fronted the hard rock and blues rock band from its foundation in 1973, the original line-up included Phil Rudd on drums, who left in 1974 to join AC/DC.
When their drummer Michael Vandersluys departed soon afterwards, he was replaced by Dallas Royall, who had been Rudd's replacement in Buster Brown.
Rose Tattoo's 1981 tour of Europe included an appearance at the Reading Festival, where Anderson repeatedly head butted the amp stacks until his scalp started bleeding.
Anderson led Rose Tattoo through six studio albums until disbanding the group in 1987, by which time he was the only member remaining from the early line-up.
He performed the song during the pre-match entertainment at the 1991 AFL Grand Final between Hawthorn and , appearing on top of a Batmobile.
Also that year, Rose Tattoo reunited to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour, Guns N' Roses specifically requested The Tatts to support Them in Australia.
From 1994, Anderson has used his contacts in the media to organise a Challenge where a particular charity's project was completed with support of community and business groups.
Examples of these Challenges include constructing a playground for handicapped children within 48 hours, assisting drought affected farmers with reserve feed for their stock, organising Christmas presents for socially and economically disadvantaged children, building two respite units for people living with and affected by HIV AIDS and delivering artificial limbs for Cambodian land mine victims.
The group has continued to perform despite five Rose Tattoo former band members dying of cancer: Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), Lobby Loyde (2007), and Mick Cocks (2009).
Anderson is involved in the Dunn Lewis Youth Development Foundation, which is a lasting legacy of two of the 88 Australian lives lost in the bombings.
In December, Anderson joined Doc Neeson - The Angels, Mark Gable - The Choirboys, Buzz Bidstrup - The Angels, Phil Emmanuel and Matt Sorum (drummer for Guns N' Roses) on-stage to celebrate the opening of a Hard Rock Cafe in Darling Harbour.
In March 2011, Anderson declared he was a supporter of conservative politician Tony Abbott and his views against a tax on carbon dioxide emissions.
He announced in October that year that he was joining the conservative National Party, and was interested in standing for a seat in the next Australian federal election.
He was selected as the National candidate for the Division of Throsby in New South Wales under his birth name, Gary Anderson.
Again endorsed by the National Party in September 2014, this time in the New South Wales seat of Cessnock for the 2015 state election, Anderson withdrew his candidacy in February 2015, citing personal reasons.
In 2016 Anderson was endorsed as an Australian Liberty Alliance candidate for the Senate representing New South Wales at the 2016 federal election.
Having seen cancer claim the lives of five of his Rose Tattoo bandmates (Dallas Royall, Peter Wells, Ian Rilen, Lobby Lloyde and Mick Cocks), Anderson has become an advocate for men's health.
Recipe Unlimited Corporation (formerly Cara Operations Limited) is a Canadian company that operates several restaurant chains, as well as major food distribution for correctional facilities, educational facilities and other large operations.
The company's roots go back to the mid-1850s, when Thomas Patrick Phelan was selling fruit and newspapers to train passengers between Hamilton and Buffalo.
At that time, its primary business was catering to the transportation sector (airline and rail meals), but it did operate a few 'no-name' restaurants and coffee shops in various office towers and airport terminals in Canada.
On February 26, 2004, Cara went private, with the Phelan heiresses buying out the minority for $8 a share or $345 million, after a short battle in which they had offered $7.625 a share for the 46.5% of the company they didn't own.
At that time, Cara was in the middle of a controversy, when three employees were arrested at the Montreal-Trudeau airport in relation to a drug distribution network that used the planes for which Cara provided the catering.
In 2014, Cara had EBITDA of $84 million on sales of $1.7 billion, but had a 6.4 debt leverage ratio when Bill Gregson assumed the presidency of the firm, because the funds obtained via the sale of non-core-asset had been used, not to pay down debt but instead to expand the business.
Through it, the company raised $200 million, and merged in a 7:8 ratio with Fairfax's East Side Mario's, Casey's and the Bier Markt properties.
The $200 million represented a 23% stake in the combined business, and the heiresses had in 2015 realised a valuation of roughly $300 million.
On October 1, 2018, the company was hit by a malware attack, requiring closure of many of its restaurants in Canada.
The rights to Outback steakhouse were owned in Canada by Cara, but it was sold back to Outback in the USA because of high food costs.
In 2013, Cara came to an agreement with Fairfax Financial Holdings Ltd. to make Prime Restaurants a wholly owned subsidiary of Cara.
On March 31, 2016, Cara Operations announced that it would acquire St-Hubert Chicken in the summer of 2016 for CAD$537 million.
Beginning October 5, 2015, female employees at all Bier Markt locations were required to wear tight blue mini-dresses, and heels or boots as footwear on the job.
The work outfit practice applied to employees at locations in Ontario and Quebec who had previously worn black pants and golf shirt as a uniform.
After the CBC investigated complaints of gender discrimination, Cara modified its outfit practice to allow employees to wear the original gender-neutral uniform.
In early 2018, Cara's CEO and President Bill Gregson announced that the recent Ontario minimum wage hike to $14 an hour had not adversely affected revenues, with sales going up throughout most of Ontario.
Summit Food Service Distributors Inc., now a division of Colabor LP, is Canada's largest Canadian-owned broadline distributor to the foodservice industry.
Before November 8, 2010 Cara controlled 85% of the Canadian airline market, providing meals for more than 60 of the world's major airlines including KLM, American Airlines, British Airways and Air Canada.
Syzygium samarangense is a plant species in the family Myrtaceae, native to an area that includes the Greater Sunda Islands, Malay Peninsula and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but introduced in prehistoric times to a wider area and now widely cultivated in the tropics.
The resulting fruit is a bell-shaped, edible berry, with colors ranging from white, pale green, or green to red, purple, or crimson, to deep purple or even black.
The flowers and resulting fruit are not limited to the axils of the leaves, and can appear on nearly any point on the surface of the trunk and branches.
Its flavor is similar to a snow pear, and the liquid-to-flesh ratio of the wax apple is comparable to a watermelon.
In the cuisine of Indian Ocean islands, the fruit is frequently used in salads, as well as in lightly sautéed dishes.
Fred 04 (born in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, on July 11, 1965) is the leader, singer, guitarist and Cavaquinho player of Brazilian band Mundo Livre S/A.
The International Standard Version or ISV is a new English translation of the Bible for which translation was complete and published electronically in 2011.
Although the version is copyrighted, the ISV Foundation has made digital versions of the Bible available freely in some formats such as e-Sword and mysword applications for mobile phones.
The Holy Bible: International Standard Version (ISV) is being produced with identifying release numbers and build sequence identifiers so as to provide tracking of improvements and additions to the text.
In late 2007, the ISV Foundation of Paramount, California, announced commencement of a collaborative effort with Dr. Peter Flint, Canada Research Chair in Dead Sea Scrolls Studies of Trinity Western University (Langley, BC Canada) to produce a comprehensive set of footnotes for the International Standard Version documenting the variants between the biblical manuscripts of the Dead Sea Scrolls and that of the Massoretic Text of the Hebrew Scriptures.
In early May 2008, the ISV Foundation reached a preliminary agreement by which scholars associated with Dr. Flint and his colleague Dr. Eugene Ulrich (Notre Dame University) would produce footnotes for the ISV concerning approximately 90 variants between the DSS and the MT contained in the Psalms and Proverbs.
Black box voting signifies voting on voting machines which do not disclose how they operate such as with closed source or proprietary operations.
If a voting machine does not provide a tangible record of individual votes cast then it can be described as black box voting.
The term, as described by Dr. Arnold Urken of Stevens Institute of Technology, comes from the technical jargon use of the term black box, a device or system or object when it is viewed primarily in terms of its input and output characteristics.
Both optical scan systems which interpret paper ballots and Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) systems can be black box systems; in fact, mechanical voting machines can also be seen as black-box systems, since only the technicians who set up the machines have access to the linkages between the voting levers on the face of the machine and the vote recording counters inside.
Rogers' criterion for whether a voting machine is a black box is strict—you must be able to sense that it works correctly as you use it.
A somewhat weaker criterion is sometimes accepted, based on whether the public is allowed to examine the mechanism, in a modern context, both the source code and hardware.
Even with some open source systems, which allow examination of the source code, access to firmware, which controls the hardware, is not available.
Even if the source code is made public, significant challenges remain in the areas of authenticating that the code running systems in the field matches the publicly released code, and it is still possible to find attack vectors for open source systems.
In the U.S. presidential election, 2004, 32% of the voting was done on optical scan machines and 29% on DRE voting machines using trade secret proprietary software.
Legislation was introduced in the United States Congress to require public access to source code, hardware and firmware information, including the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007, introduced by Congressman Rush D. Holt, Jr..
The last action on this legislation (HR 811 110th Congress) was for it to be placed on the Union calendar number 91 in June 2007.
When Shane Lacy Hensley decided to create a 19th-century miniatures game he contacted Charles Ryan's company Chameleon Eclectic about publishing it.
In late 2005, Shane Hensley announced that Great White Games would return to using the Pinnacle Entertainment Group moniker as its brand name for subsequent releases.
The Havana Brown was the result of a planned breeding between Siamese and domestic black cats, by a group of cat fanciers in England, in the 1950s.
It has been documented that self-brown cats were shown in Europe in the 1890s, one name given to these was the Swiss Mountain Cat.
These disappeared until post-World War II, with the most likely explanation that the Siamese Cat Club of Britain discouraged their breeding.
In the early 1950s a group of English cat fanciers began working together with an intent to create a self brown cat of Foreign Type.
The ladies credited with this effort include Mrs. Armitage Hargreaves of Laurentide Cattery, Mrs. Munroe-Smith of Elmtower Cattery, the Baroness Von Ullmann of Roofspringer Cattery, Mrs. Elsie Fisher of Praha Cattery, and Mrs. Judd of Crossways Cattery.
These breeders, by selectively breeding a Siamese cat which carried the chocolate gene to a black cat that also carried the chocolate gene, were able to produce chestnut (chocolate) colored kittens.
The breed continued to develop in the UK and became known as the Chestnut Brown Oriental and retained the Siamese conformation.
It became necessary to utilize other breeds for genetic outcross and the phenotype began to evolve and develop into a different look than what the original breeders in England had intended.
This change in direction tore apart the breeding group and caused many difficulties in continuing to progress the breed within the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy.
Soon, the Chestnut Brown cat was being produced in many colors, known just as Oriental with a numeric system to designate the coat color.
In the US, the imported kittens continued to be cross bred with the Chocolate and Seal Point Siamese, producing only Chocolate or pointed offspring, with the breeders selectively breeding for only self brown kittens.
The breeders in the USA desired to maintain the look of the cats that were imported and bred specifically for brown offspring.
In 1964, the Havana Brown was accepted for Championship status in the world's largest feline registry, The Cat Fanciers Association (CFA).
Early this century, a group of breeders in England again began trying to recreate the vision of the early Havana breeders.
This cats contribution, along with selective breeding for type, began to direct the look of some English Havanas away from its Oriental siblings, and moved them more in the direction of the Havana Brown.
The alternative name was used because the GCCF uses the name Havana to refer to a self chocolate Oriental Shorthair, from which they wished to be distinguished.
Although a Havana Brown is used in the breeding program of the Suffolk, they are not to be confused as the same breed.
The coat color must be warm brown, typically reddish-brown, with no obvious tabby markings (note that kittens will always show markings but they resolve as the cat ages and dissolve completely by one year).
The Havana Brown is an intelligent cat that often uses its paws both to examine objects and to communicate with its owners.
It is not unheard of for a Havana Brown to place paws on someone's thigh and offer a meow of introduction.
On the other hand, many Havana Browns prefer to ride on the shoulders of their human and help with daily activities.
They love to play in and groom hair - it happens so frequently that there are Havana Brown owners who don't even notice their cat doing it until it is pointed out by an observer.
The most likely explanation of the breed's name - and the one most shared by Havana Brown devotees - is that its coat color is very similar to that of the Havana cigars, however, some have also argued that the breed's name is also derived from the Havana (rabbit) which also shares the color.
A gentle brushing and wipe with a damp cloth once or twice a week, along with a good quality diet, will suffice for Havana Browns.
In 2015 there are now twice the number of catteries and breeders located around the world, with the majority located in the US and Europe.
Between 2006 and 2011, the population of the Community of Stouffville grew 100.5% from 12,411 to 24,886, or from 51% to 66% of the total population of the larger town of Whitchurch-Stouffville.
On January 1, 1971, the Village of Stouffville amalgamated with Whitchurch Township and was designated a community within the larger town of Whitchurch–Stouffville; with amalgamation, the boundary of the town was also moved four farm lots south of the original boundary of Main Street (the land was formerly a part of Markham Township).
In 2003, a large 16th-century Huron village was discovered in Stouffville during land development; approximately 2000 people once inhabited the site (Mantle Site), which included a palisade and more than 80 longhouses, yielding tens of thousands of artifacts.
Urban Stouffville is approximately 4.5 km long, stretching from the York-Durham Line to Highway 48, and approximately 2.7 km wide with development north and south of Main Street.
GO Transit's Stouffville line passes through the community with commuter trains stopping at the Stouffville GO Station in the downtown core and terminating at Lincolnville GO Station.
York Region Transit's bus#15 travels around the community of Stouffville and along the Stouffville Road to Yonge Street in Richmond Hill, and their bus#9 (9th line) travels from the town to Markham Stouffville Hospital and thence to Box Grove Plaza.
Stouffville Road (Regional Road #14) is the main east-west route that passes through downtown and connects with Highway 404 in the west.
In 2006, urban Stouffville had a population of 8,000 to 10,000 people, or about one-third of the population of the larger Town of Whitchurch–Stouffville.
The Town of Whitchurch–Stouffville estimates that the population grew more than 58% between 2006 and 2011; most of that growth was limited to the Community of Stouffville or the Community of Ballantrae.
By 2021, the town’s total population forecast is projected to be approximately 55,800 persons, with an estimated 41,000 persons residing within the Community of Stouffville proper.
With connection to a massive new sewage system (also known as the Big Pipe) and a water pipe from Lake Ontario, urban Stouffville began to grow rapidly after 2005.
The first of the new subdivisions were south of Main Street along Hoover Park Drive (Wheler's Mill and Wheler's on Main subdivisions), and north of Main Street along Millard Street west of Ninth Line.
In 2008, construction began to widen Stouffville Road / Main Street from two lanes to four lanes, from Ninth Line to the edge of urban Stouffville at Highway 48 (the community of Ringwood), and further to McCowan Road.
At a young age, he began acting in commercials, print work, vocal performances, and local theater (Stage Struck Studios) in Oklahoma.
Oakes is an engineer by training (at one point in the series, he is hired by an architectural firm), and Anthony Trust, ahead of Black at both Greyburn and Yale, recruits him for the Central Intelligence Agency in his senior year, 1951.
Reference is made to his membership on both the swimming and lacrosse teams there, and he is a member of Zeta Psi fraternity.
Blackford's missions with the CIA involve various top-secret Cold War enterprises arranged by the Agency's highest ranking individuals and American presidents alike.
Oakes possesses the ability to impress his colleagues, superiors (among them John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan), and even his enemies with his easy-going competence and likability.
Oakes' personal life is somewhat hectic because of his constant globetrotting for the Agency, as he can never seem to find ample time to settle down with Sally, who yearns for the day when Blackford will retire from the CIA.
Their respective worldviews are quite dissimilar, Oakes being conservative, and Sally, a liberal feminist who studied and teaches Jane Austen and admires Adlai Stevenson.
While not only disliking Blackford's chosen profession because it so often spoils their plans, Sally also disapproves of many of the ideals she believes the CIA represents.
While always holding Sally close to his heart, Oakes still finds plenty of time to pursue romantic conquests across the globe, often mixing work with pleasure.
He is a suave, intelligent, and confident gentleman who is, in Buckley's own words, distinctly American, and it is no surprise he succeeds in both work and play.
Throughout the series, Blackford proves himself to be the ultimate Cold War warrior, and risks his life for the country he loves countless times, while looking smooth doing it.
Though Oakes is widely regarded as a gentleman, and at times, a charmer, he also has a rebellious streak in the face of unduly harsh authority.
Blackford demonstrates this rebelliousness throughout the series, beginning with an incident involving the administration of Greyburn Academy, which Blackford briefly attends as a schoolboy.
The eastern boundary of Bradford is the Holland River, named for Samuel Holland, first Surveyor General of British North America, who passed this way on an exploration from Toronto to Balsam Lake, by way of Lake Simcoe, in 1791.
The military route to Georgian Bay during the War of 1812 crossed Lake Simcoe to Kempenfelt Bay, then by the Nine Mile Portage to Willow Creek and the Nottawasaga River.
However, early settlers also used this route to get to the frontier of Simcoe County, bypassing the areas of West Gwillimbury and Essa townships.
The first settlers to cross the Holland River, arriving in the fall of 1819, were three Irishmen: James Wallace, Lewis Algeo and Robert Armstrong.
The new settlers sent a petition to the province of Upper Canada early in 1824, stating they were separated from the settlements of Yonge Street, by an impassable swamp.
On January 24 the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada made a grant for the first main road in West Gwillimbury (4 Geo.
The contract for the first corduroy road across the Holland Marsh was completed by Robert Armstrong and his sons in the fall of 1825.
The original road (Bridge Street) did not curve onto Holland Street, but continued straight to what is now Scanlon Ave. near Colborne Street; from there the road continued north, while another road led southwest to the Scottish settlement.
The first, on May 23, 1871, destroyed upwards of one hundred homes including all of the business part of the village except two hotels being consumed.
The second fire was in the 1960s with damage only to the northwest corner of the intersection at Highway 11 and Highway 88.
Its architect was E. J. Lennox, one of Toronto's foremost architects who also built Toronto's Old City Hall, the West Wing of the Ontario Legislative Building (known as Queen's Park), and the King Edward Hotel.
The Village Inn is situated at the crossroads of Highway 88 and Highway 11, and is the landmark at the four corners of Bradford.
This history goes back to the 1900s, to horse and buggy days, when the Village Inn was a favourite meeting place for local residents and travellers en route for other parts of the country.
The village of Bradford was established to supply the agricultural interests of its surrounding area, and for a brief period in the mid-19th century, lumbering was a major industry, as trees had to be removed in order to commence farming.
In 1824 entrepreneurs John Thorpe and Mark Scanlon obtained a government grant for the construction of a grist mill on a stream north of the settlement; although the partnership was dissolved about 1832, Scanlon built two sawmills in that vicinity.
Water power being the only means of motive power at the time, as many as six mills were located on Scanlon Creek at one time.
The family of Thomas Maconchy, one of the early settlers of Gilford, built a sawmill in Bradford at the bridge over the Holland River, in 1840.
When the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway was constructed, it was said to be through an almost continuous forest for most of the distance from Toronto to Barrie.
Sometime after the line opened, Toronto lumber merchant Thompson Smith put up a large sawmill on the river near the Bradford station.
First evidence of Smith in the village was 1862 when his partner James Durham cut the Holland River bridge in two, while driving logs to the mill.
In 1867 H. W. Sage persuaded Thompson Smith to join with him in the formation of the Rama Timber Transport Company, to supply Lake Simcoe mills with timber.
With logs coming from as distant as Head Lake, Smith put up a third mill, south of the Holland River bridge in 1869.
In 1923, William Henry Day began the drainage system that turned the wetlands of the Holland Marsh into arable land, which now consists of thousands of acres where fresh vegetables are grown.
Bradford West Gwillimbury has people from many different backgrounds ranging from Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, Hungary, and Ukraine.
Bradford's downtown core is situated at the intersection of former Highway 11 (now, County Road 4) and 88 (now, County Road 88).
This portion of Highway 11 is one of the few connecting routes between Highway 404 to the east and the 400 to the west, creating considerable through traffic.
The town's local transit services consist of 2 bus routes, which are operated by the town's local bus service, BWG Transit.
GO Transit has bus routes that connect the town to Barrie and Newmarket, and Bradford also has a station on GO Transit's commuter train network.
However, the City of Barrie purchased the rail line north of Bradford with the hope of reintroducing rail service to Barrie.
Pender Island is approximately in area and is home to about 2,250 permanent residents, as well as a large seasonal population.
Like most of the rest of the Southern Gulf Islands, Pender Island enjoys a sub-Mediterranean climate and features open farmland, rolling forested hills, several lakes and small mountains, as well as many coves and beaches.
Pender Island consists of two islands, North Pender and South Pender, which are separated by a narrow canal originally dredged in 1903.
There is an Indian reserve at Hay Point on South Pender Island, which is home to members of the Tsawout and Tseycum First Nations.
Carbon dating of artifacts in shell middens near Belden Cove identify an Indian village site that has been more or less continuously inhabited for five millennia.
The provincial government's 2007 settlement with the Tsawwassen First Nation included hunting and fishing rights on and around Pender Island—an arrangement to which the Sencot'en Alliance objected, saying those rights are theirs under the 1852 Douglas Treaty.
The islands, along with Pender Harbour on the Sunshine Coast, were given their current name by Captain Richards for Staff Commander, later Captain, Daniel Pender, RN who surveyed the coast of British Columbia aboard , and from 1857 to 1870.
In 1903, residents of Pender Island petitioned the government to dredge the isthmus between what is now North and South Pender Islands.
In 1937 several Pender residents put up money to purchase a parcel, on which to develop the course, from George Grimmer, a son of Pender pioneer Washington Grimmer.
These first individuals and many others took out memberships as well as planned and developed the layout of the golf course.
Incorporated as a society in 1945, with the exception of a brief hiatus during World War II, Pender Island Golf Course has existed ever since.
This course is well known in the Disc Golf community and is the site of many tournaments including The Republic of Pender Invitational (The Ropi) and the Pender Island Invitational.
Pender Island can be accessed by regular ferry service provided by BC Ferries from Swartz Bay (near Victoria), Tsawwassen (near Vancouver), and other southern Gulf Islands.
Bedwell Harbour is an official port of entry for sailors from the United States; Port Browning and Otter Bay also offer anchorages.
Roderick Spode, 7th Earl of Sidcup, often known as Spode or Lord Sidcup, is a recurring fictional character in the Jeeves novels of English comic writer P. G. Wodehouse.
A large and intimidating figure, Spode is protective of Madeline Bassett to an extreme degree and is a threat to anyone who appears to have wronged her, particularly Gussie Fink-Nottle.
About seven feet in height, and swathed in a plaid ulster which made him look about six feet across, he caught the eye and arrested it.
Bertie learns how accurate his initial impression of Spode was when Gussie tells him that Spode is the leader of a fascist group called the Saviours of Britain, also known as the Black Shorts.
While the leader of the Black Shorts, he is also secretly a designer of ladies' underclothing, being the proprietor of Eulalie Soeurs of Bond Street.
He quickly starts to think of Bertie as a thief, believing that Bertie was trying to steal Sir Watkyn's umbrella and also the silver cow-creamer from a shop.
Spode, who does not want his followers to learn about his career as a designer of ladies' lingerie, is forced not to bother Bertie or Gussie.
Aunt Dahlia ends up using a cosh she found on the ground to knock out Spode, which allows her to retrieve her fake necklace from a safe in order to hide it so it cannot be appraised.
Harold Pinker steps forward to protect Gussie, and after Spode hits Pinker on the nose, Pinker, an expert boxer, knocks him out.
She says that she must marry Bertie to reward his love for her, but Spode and Jeeves convince her that Bertie came to Totleigh to steal Sir Watkyn Bassett's black amber statuette, not out of love for her.
After the success of his speeches, Spode considers standing for election himself for the House of Commons, which would require him to relinquish his title.
After being hit by a potato at a lively candidate debate, Spode changes his mind about standing for Parliament and decides to retain his title, leading to a reconciliation between him and Madeline.
Bertie then hits Spode with a vase, but gets grabbed by Spode; Bertie frees himself by burning Spode with a cigarette.
This alludes to various radical groups: Mussolini's Blackshirts, Hitler's Brownshirts, the French Blueshirts and Greenshirts, the Irish Blueshirts and Greenshirts, the South African Greyshirts, Mexico's Gold shirts, and the American Silver Shirts.
The trouble with you, Spode, is that just because you have succeeded in inducing a handful of half-wits to disfigure the London scene by going about in black shorts, you think you're someone.
Icing, or frosting, is a sweet, often creamy glaze made of sugar with a liquid, such as water or milk, that is often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, cream cheese, or flavorings.
More complicated icings can be made by beating fat into powdered sugar (as in buttercream), by melting fat and sugar together, by using egg whites (as in royal icing), by whipping butter into meringue (as in Italian or Swiss meringue buttercream), and by adding other ingredients such as glycerin (as in fondant).
Some icings can be made from combinations of sugar and cream cheese or sour cream, or by using ground almonds (as in marzipan).
Icing can be applied with a utensil such as a knife or spatula, or it can be applied by drizzling or dipping (see glaze), or by rolling the icing out and draping it over the cake.
Icing may be used between layers in a cake as a filling, or it may be used to completely or partially cover the outside of a cake or other baked product.
The earliest attestation of the verb 'to ice' in this sense seems to date from around 1600, and the noun 'icing' from 1683.
He was most famous for his ellipsoid algorithm (1979) for linear programming, which was the first such algorithm known to have a polynomial running time.
Even though this algorithm was shown to be impractical due to the high degree of the polynomial in its running time, it has inspired other randomized algorithms for convex programming and is considered a significant theoretical breakthrough.
Khachiyan was born on May 3, 1952 in Leningrad to Armenian parents Genrikh Borisovich Khachiyan, a mathematician and professor of theoretical mechanics, and Zhanna Saakovna Khachiyan, a civil engineer.
In 1978 he earned his Ph.D. in computational mathematics/theoretical mathematics from the Computer Center of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and in 1984 a D.Sc.
Khachiyan began his career at the Soviet Academy of Sciences, working as a researcher at the Academy's Computer Center in Moscow.
Khachiyan is best known for his four-page February 1979 paper that indicated how an ellipsoid method for linear programming can be implemented in polynomial time.
It was originally published without proofs, which were provided by Khachiyan in a later paper published in 1980 and by Peter Gács and Laszlo Lovász in 1981.
It were Gács and Lovász who first brought attention to Khachiyan's paper at the International Symposium on Mathematical Programming in Montreal in August 1979.
He was called one of the world's most famous computer scientists at the time of his death by Haym Hirsh, chair of the computer science department at Rutgers.
It occurs when a player shoots the puck from behind the centre red line, across the opposing team's goal line, and the puck remains untouched.
If the linesman erred in stopping play for icing, the faceoff is at the centre face-off spot (unless there is a delayed penalty).
While an icing call is pending, the linesman raises an arm to indicate that a potential icing call may be made.
Play is stopped immediately if the player on the opposing team reaches the faceoff dot first, instead of skating all the way across the goal line to touch the puck.
This type of icing is intended to reduce the number of collisions along the boards during touch icing, but still allowing the team that iced the puck to get to it first to wave off the icing.
In instances where the puck is shot around the end boards, travels down the ice and comes out the other end, the linesman has to determine who would have touched the puck first.
If it's the defending player, he calls an automatic icing, but if it's the attacking player he lets the play continue.
The NHL adopted the hybrid icing variation as its rule beginning with the 2013–14 season, after several decades of using touch icing.
The National Hockey League (NHL) introduced the icing rule in September 1937 to eliminate a common delaying tactic used by teams to protect a winning margin.
A November 18, 1931 game between the New York Americans and Boston Bruins is cited as one extreme example that led to the ban on the practice.
The crowd became incensed and threw debris onto the ice, causing a delay while the teams were sent to their dressing rooms.
When the teams met again that December 3 in New York, the Bruins iced the puck 87 times in a scoreless draw.
For the 1990–91 season, the league again amended the rule, stating the infraction was nullified if the puck passed through or touched the goal crease when the goaltender had been removed for an extra attacker.
The NHL amended the rule a third time; icing was nullified if the goaltender moved towards the puck as it approached the goal line.
In 2009, USA Hockey considered eliminating the shorthanded icing rule, having tested its elimination in Massachusetts and Alaska in the 2007-2009 seasons.
The IIHF adopted the no-touch icing rule after an incident in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League in 1990, when Luděk Čajka, rushing to get to the puck in an icing situation, crashed into the boards, suffered severe spinal injuries, and died a few weeks later.
This change was made in an effort to speed up game play by reducing icing infractions, as well as to encourage teams to work the puck up the ice rather than taking the opportunity to rest their players.
In some junior leagues (such as the WHL), the offending team is permitted to substitute players after an icing only if the puck was shot from the neutral zone (between the defensive blue line and the red line).
Regardless, in all situations, if icing is called, and then a penalty is assessed that changes the on-ice strength of either team (from 5 on 5 to 5 on 4, et al), the offending team may substitute.
The rule change establishes that when a shorthanded team ices the puck a subsequent icing infraction will be enforced; play will stop and a face off will occur in the offending team's zone.
In the 2019-20 NHL season a rule change allowed the offensive team to decided which end zone dot they wished the face-off to be held following an icing (intended to grant a positional advantage to teams stronger on a certain side).
The time is the present and the place, a country that is probably Chile but could be any country that has given itself a democratic government just after a long period of dictatorship.
Paulina Salas is a former political prisoner in an unnamed Latin American country who had been raped by her captors, led by a sadistic doctor whose face she never saw.
Years later, after the (also unnamed) repressive regime has fallen, Paulina lives in an isolated country house with her husband, Gerardo Escobar.
Paulina recognizes Miranda's voice and mannerism as that of her rapist, and takes him captive in order to put him on trial and extract a confession from him.
After hearing the full story of her captivity from Paulina, Gerardo formulates a confession with Roberto to appease Paulina's madness and set her free from her past.
A status symbol is a perceived visible, external denotation of one's social position and perceived indicator of economic or social status.
As with other symbols, status symbols may change in value or meaning over time, and will differ among countries and cultural regions, based on their economy and technology.
For example, before the invention of the printing press, possession of a large collection of laboriously hand-copied books was a symbol of wealth and scholarship.
In later centuries, books (and literacy) became more common, so a private library became less-rarefied as a status symbol, though a sizable collection still commands respect.
Special colors, such as imperial yellow (in China) or royal purple (in ancient Rome) were reserved for royalty, with severe penalties for unauthorized display.
For example, in a commercial society, having money or wealth and things that can be bought by wealth, such as cars, houses, or fine clothing, are considered status symbols.
Among intellectuals being able to think in an intelligent and educated way is an important status symbol regardless of material possessions.
In academic circles, a long list of publications and a securely tenured position at a prestigious university or research institute are a mark of high status.
A uniform symbolizes membership in an organization, and may display additional insignia of rank, specialty, tenure and other details of the wearer's status within the organization.
Dress codes may specify who ought to wear particular kinds or styles of clothing, and when and where specific items of clothing are displayed.
In times past, when most workers did physical labor outdoors under the sun and often had little food, being pale and fat was a status symbol, indicating wealth and prosperity (through having more than enough food and not having to do manual labor).
Now that workers usually do less-physical work indoors and find little time for exercise, being tanned and thin is often a status symbol in modern cultures.
Dieting to reduce excess body fat is widely practiced in Western society, while some traditional societies still value obesity as a sign of prosperity.
Development of muscles through exercise, previously disdained as a stigma of doing heavy manual labor, is now valued as a sign of personal achievement.
Ancient Central American Maya cultures artificially induced crosseyedness and flattened the foreheads of high-born infants as a permanent, lifetime sign of noble status.
The Mayans also filed their teeth to sharp points to look fierce, or inset precious stones into their teeth as decoration.
A sizeable collection of high-priced artworks or antiques may be displayed, sometimes in multiple seasonally occupied residences located around the world.
In the Soviet Union before the fall of the Berlin Wall, possession of American-style blue jeans or rock music recordings (even pirated or bootlegged copies) was an important status symbol among rebellious teenagers.
In the 1990s, foreign cigarettes in China, where a pack of Marlboro could cost one day's salary for some workers, were seen as a status symbol.
Mobile phone usage had been considered a status symbol (for example in Turkey in the early 1990s), but is less distinctive today, because of the spread of inexpensive mobile phones.
A common type of modern status symbol is a prestigious luxury branded item, whether apparel or other type of a good.
Certain brands are so highly valued that cheap counterfeit goods or knock-off copies are purchased and displayed by those who do not want to, or are unable to, pay for the genuine item.
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones.
It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1000 meters (~660 to 3300 feet) below the ocean surface.
It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment.
It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture, particularly as horror movie villains.
The temperature variations are large; from over 20 °C (68 °F) at the upper layers to around 4 °C (39 °F) at the boundary with the bathyal zone.
The Sound Fixing and Ranging (SOFAR) channel, where sound travels the slowest due to salinity and temperature variations, is located at the base of the mesopelagic zone at about 600-1200m.
The channel got its name during World War II when the US Navy proposed using it as a life saving tool.
Shipwreck survivors could drop a small explosive timed to explode in the SOFAR channel and then listening stations could determine the position of the life raft.
Oceanographers later used this underwater surveillance system to figure out the speed and direction of deep ocean currents by dropping SOFAR floats that could be detected with the SOSUS array.
The longer overturning times contrast with the daily and shorter scales that a variety of animals move vertically through the zone and sinking of various debris.
One pathway for carbon export from the euphotic layer is through sinking of particles, which can be accelerated through repackaging of organic matter in zooplankton fecal pellets, ballasted particles, and aggregates.
In the mesopelagic zone, the biological pump is key to carbon cycling, as this zone is largely dominated by remineralization of particulate organic carbon (POC).
When a fraction of POC is exported from the euphotic zone, an estimated 90% of that POC is respired in the mesopelagic zone.
This is due to the microbial organisms that respire organic matter and remineralize the nutrients, while mesopelagic fish also package organic matter into quick-sinking parcels for deeper export.
Another key process occurring in this zone is the diel vertical migration of certain species, which move between the euphotic zone and mesopelagic zone and actively transport particulate organic matter to the deep.
In one study in the Equatorial Pacific, myctophids in the mesopelagic zone were estimated to actively transport 15-28% of the passive POC sinking to the deep, while a study near the Canary Islands estimated 53% of vertical carbon flux was due to active transport from a combination of zooplankton and micronekton.
When primary productivity is high, the contribution of active transport by vertical migration has been estimated to be comparable to sinking particle export.
The variability in sinking rates is due to differences in ballast, water temperature, food web structure and the types of phyto and zooplankton in different areas of the ocean.
If the material sinks faster, then it gets respired less by bacteria, transporting more carbon from the surface layer to the deep ocean.
Dissolved oxygen is a requirement for aerobic respiration, and while the surface ocean is usually oxygen-rich due to atmospheric gas exchange and photosynthesis, the mesopelagic zone is not in direct contact with the atmosphere, due to stratification at the base of the surface mixed layer.
Organic matter is exported to the mesopelagic zone from the overlying euphotic layer, while the minimal light in the mesopelagic zone limits photosynthesis.
The oxygen consumption due to respiration of most of the sinking organic matter and lack of gas exchange, often creates an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the mesopelagic.
The mesopelagic OMZ is particularly severe in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and tropical Indian Ocean due to poor ventilation and high rates of organic carbon export to the mesopelagic.
In these anoxic regions, chemosynthesis may occur in which CO and reduced compounds such as sulfide or ammonia are taken up to form organic carbon, contributing to the organic carbon reservoir in the mesopelagic.
This pathway of carbon fixation has been estimated to be comparable in rate to the contribution by heterotrophic production in this ocean realm.
Areas of low oxygen such as OMZ's are a key area of denitrification by prokaryotes, a heterotrophic pathways in which nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas, resutlng in a loss to the ocean reservoir of reactive nitrogen.
At the suboxic interface that occurs at the edge of the OMZ, nitrite and ammonium can be coupled to produce nitrogen gas through anammox, also removing nitrogen from the biologically available pool.
This is a very efficient ecosystem with many organisms recycling the organic matter sinking from the epipelagic zone resulting in very little organic carbon making it to deeper ocean waters The general types of life forms found are daytime-visiting herbivores, detritivores feeding on dead organisms and fecal pellets, and carnivores feeding on those detritivores.
Many organisms in the mesopelagic zone move up into the epipelagic zone at night, and retreat to the mesopelagic zone during the day, which is known as diel vertical migration.
These migrators can therefore avoid visual predators during the day and feed at night, while some of their predators also migrate up at night to follow the prey.
There is so much biomass in this migration that sonar operators in World War II would regularly misinterpret the signal returned by this thick layer of plankton as a false sea floor.
Very little is known about the microbial community of the mesopelagic zone because it is a difficult part of the ocean to study.
Recent work using DNA from seawater samples emphasized the importance of viruses and microbes role in recycling organic matter from the surface ocean, known as the microbial loop.
One study estimates these ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, which are only 5% of the microbial population, can annually capture 1.1 Gt of organic carbon.
Microbial biomass and diversity typically decline exponentially with depth in the mesopelagic zone, tracking the general decline of food from above.
Microbial biomass in the mesopelagic is greater at higher latitudes and decreases towards the tropics, which is likely linked to the differing productivity levels in the surface waters.
Viruses however are very abundant in the mesopelagic, with around 10 - 10 every cubic meter, which is fairly uniform throughout the mesopelagic zone.
Such behavior was previously attributed to mating, but scientists speculate this could be a feeding strategy to allow a group of jellyfish to hunt together.Mesopelagic zooplankton have unique adaptations for the low light.
This light production is thought to function as a form of communication between conspecifics, prey attraction, prey deterrence, and/or reproduction strategy.
Another common adaption are enhanced light organs, or eyes, which is common in krill and shrimp, so they can take advantage of the limited light.
The mesopelagic is home to a significant portion of the world's total fish biomass; one study estimated mesopelagic fish could be 95% of the total fish biomass.
This ocean realm could contain the largest fishery in the world and there is active development for this zone to become a commercial fishery.
Many of these fish have swim bladders to help them control their buoyancy, which makes them hard to sample because those gas-filled chambers typically burst as the fish come up in nets and the fish die.
Scientists in California have made progress on mesopelagic fish sampling by developing a submersible chamber that can keep fish alive on the way up to the surface under a controlled atmosphere and pressure.
A passive method to estimate mesopelagic fish abundance is by echosounding to locate the 'deep scattering layer' through the backscatter received from these acoustic sounders.
Some areas have shown a recent decline in abundance of mesopelagic fish, including in Southern California over a long-term study dating back to the 1970s.
Other fish have mirrored bodies which are angled to reflect the surrounding ocean low-light colors and protect the fish from being seen, while another adaptation is countershading where fish have light colors on the ventral side and dark colors on the dorsal side.
Some predators develop bioluminescent lures, like the tasselled anglerfish, which can attract prey, while others respond to pressure or chemical cues instead of relying on vision.
Marine debris, specifically in the plastic form, have been found in every ocean basin and have a wide range of impacts on the marine world.
Many mesopelagic fish species migrate to the surface waters to feast on their main prey species, zooplankton and phytoplankton, which are mixed with microplastics in the surface waters.
Mesopelagic fish play a key role in energy dynamics, meaning they provide food to a number of predators including birds, larger fish and marine mammals.
Concentration of plastic debris in mesopelagic populations can vary depending on geographic location and the concentration of marine debris located there.
Bioaccumulation (a buildup of a certain substance in the adipose tissue) and biomagnification (the process in which the concentration of the substance grows higher as you rise through the food chain) are growing issues in the mesopelagic zone.
Mercury in fish, which can be traced back to a combination of anthropological factors (such as coal mining) in addition to natural factors.
Mercury is a particularly important bioaccumulation contaminant because its concentration in the mesopelagic zone is increasing faster than in surface waters.
Inorganic mercury occurs in anthropogenic atmospheric emissions in its gaseous elemental form, which then oxidizes and can be deposited in the ocean.
Research suggests that current levels anthropogenic emissions will not equilibrate between the atmosphere and ocean for a period of decades to centuries, which means we can expect current mercury concentrations in the ocean to keep rising.
Mercury is a potent neurotoxin, and poses health risks to the whole food web, beyond the mesopelagic species that consume it.
Many of the mesopelagic species, such as myctophids, that make their diel vertical migration to the surface waters, can transfer the neurotoxin when they are consumed by pelagic fish, birds and mammals.
Historically, there have been few examples of efforts to commercialize the mesopelagic zone due to low economic value, technical feasibility and environmental impacts.
Fishing with large trawl nets poses threats to a high percentage of bycatch as well as potential impacts to the carbon cycling processes.
In 1977, a Soviet fishery opened but closed less than 20 years later due to low commercial profits, while a South African purse seine fishery closed in the mid-1980s due to processing difficulties from the high oil content of fish.
As the biomass in the mesopelagic is so abundant, there has been an increased interest to determine whether these populations could be of economic use in sectors other than direct human consumption.
For example, it has been suggested that the high abundance of fish in this zone could potentially satisfy a demand for fishmeal and nutraceuticals.
For example, 5 billion tons of mesopelagic biomass could result in the production of circa 1.25 billion tons of food for human consumption.
Additionally, the demand for nutraceuticals is also rapidly growing, stemming from the popular human consumption of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in addition to the aquaculture industry that requires a specific marine oil for feed material.
The mesopelagic region plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, as it is the area where most of the surface organic matter is respired.
Mesopelagic species also acquire carbon during their diel vertical migration to feed in surface waters, and they transport that carbon to the deep sea when they die.
It is estimated that the mesopelagic cycles between 5 and 12 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per year, and until recently, this estimate was not included in many climate models.
It is difficult to quantify the effects of climate change on the mesopelagic zone as a whole, as climate change does not have uniform impacts geographically.
Research suggests that in warming waters, as long as there are adequate nutrients and food for fish, then mesopelagic biomass could actually increase due to higher trophic efficiency and increased temperature-driven metabolism.
However, because ocean warming will not be uniform throughout the global mesopelagic zone, it is predicted that some areas may actually decrease in fish biomass, while others increase.
Increased ocean stratification reduces the introduction of nutrients from the deep ocean into the euphotic zone resulting in decreases in both net primary production and sinking particulate matter.
Additional research suggests shifts in the geographical range of many species could also occur with warming, with many of them shifting poleward.
The combination of these factors could potentially mean that as global ocean basins continue to warm, there could be areas in the mesopelagic that increase in biodiversity and species richness, while declines in other areas, especially moving farther from the equator.
There is a dearth of knowledge about the mesopelagic zone so researchers have begun to develop new technology to explore and sample this area.
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), NASA, and the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research are all working on projects to gain a better understanding of this zone in the ocean and its influence on the global carbon cycle.
Traditional sampling methods like nets have proved to be inadequate because they scare off creatures due to the pressure wave formed by the towed net and the light produced by the bioluminescent species caught in the net.
Mesopelagic activity was first investigated by use of sonar because the return bounces off of plankton and fish in the water.
However, there are many challenges with acoustic survey methods and previous research has estimated errors in measured amounts of biomass of up to three orders of magnitude.
Norway's Institute of Marine Research has launched a research vessel named Dr. Fridtjof Nansen to investigate mesopelagic activity using sonar with their focus being on the sustainability of fishing operations.
To overcome the challenges faced with acoustic sampling, WHOI is developing remote operated vehicles (ROVs) and robots (Deep-See, Mesobot, and Snowclops) that are capable of studying this zone more precisely in a dedicated effort called the Ocean Twilight Zone project that launched in August 2018.
The Malaspina Circumnavigation Expedition was a Spanish-led scientific quest in 2011 to gain a better understanding of the state of the ocean and the diversity in the deep oceans.
They have developed a device named Deep-See weighing approximately 700 kg, which is designed to be towed behind a research vessel.
The Deep-See is capable of reaching depths up to 2000 m and can estimate the amount of biomass and biodiversity in this mesopelagic ecosystem.
WHOI is collaborating with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Stanford University, and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley to develop a small autonomous robot, Mesobot, weighing approximately 75 kg.
Mesobot is equipped with high-definition cameras to track and record mesopelagic species on their daily migration over extended periods of time.
Traditional sample collection devices fail to preserve organisms captured in the mesopelagic due to the large pressure change associated with surfacing.
This device descends down the water column and takes images of the amount and size distribution of marine snow at various depths.
These tiny particles are a food source for other organisms so it is important to monitor the different levels of marine snow to characterize the carbon cycling processes between the surface ocean and the mesopelagic.
The Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute has developed the Spatial PLankton Analysis Technique (SPLAT) to identify and map distribution patterns of bioluminescent plankton.
The various bioluminescent species produce a unique flash that allows the SPLAT to distinguish each specie's flash characteristic and then map their 3-dimensional distribution patterns.
Its intended use was not for investigating the mesopelagic zone, although it is capable of tracking movement patterns of bioluminescent species during their vertical migrations.
It would be interesting to apply this mapping technique in the mesopelagic to obtain more information about the diurnal vertical migrations that occur in this zone of the ocean.
Weintraub was born in Germany to parents of German and Russian-Jewish ancestry; as a result of their heritage, they fled to the Netherlands in 1935, where they were forced into hiding during the Nazi occupation.
He was a renowned teacher of the University of the Chicago's core course in Western Civilization, which is still taught by his wife Katy O'Brien Weintraub.
Weintraub's classes, with a head count typically capped in the twenties, would attract hundreds of potential students and were some of the most popular classes at the college for many years.
The phrase is a retrospective label; the musicians involved were generally not originally associated with each other, and came from a variety of backgrounds and styles, but together they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.
Most musicians classified as proto-punk are rock performers of the 1960s and early-1970s, with garage rock/art rock bands the Velvet Underground, MC5 and the Stooges considered to be archetypal proto-punk artists, along with glam rock band the New York Dolls.
Many US bands were active in the mid-to-late 1960s playing garage rock: a ragged, highly energetic, often amateurish style of rock.
The raw sound and outsider attitude of psychedelic garage bands like the Seeds also presaged the style of bands that would become known as the archetypal figures of proto-punk.
In parallel, in 1964 garage band Los Saicos appeared in Lima, Peru, considered as one of the first Spanish-American groups that can be classified as protopunk.
Michigan, USA was also the birthplace of bands the Dogs, the Punks and Death, the latter a pioneering but commercially unsuccessful African-American proto-punk group.
In the early 1970s, the UK underground counter-cultural scene centred on Ladbroke Grove in west London spawned a number of bands that have been considered proto-punk, including Hawkwind, the Pink Fairies and Third World War.
With his Ziggy Stardust persona, David Bowie made artifice and exaggeration central elements, that were later picked up by punk acts.
The Doctors of Madness built on Bowie's presentation concepts, while moving conceptually in the direction that would become identified with punk.
Bands in London's pub rock scene anticipated punk by stripping the music back to its basics, playing hard, R&B-influenced rock 'n' roll.
By 1974, the scene's top act, Dr. Feelgood, was paving the way for others such as the Stranglers and Cock Sparrer that would play a role in the punk explosion.
Among the pub rock bands that formed that year was the 101ers, whose lead singer would two years later adopt the name Joe Strummer and form punk band The Clash.
The neighborhood is home to three universities, museums, and hospitals, as well as an abundance of shopping, restaurants, and recreational activities.
Oakland is home to the Schenley Farms National Historic District which encompasses two city designated historic districts: the mostly residential Schenley Farms Historic District and the predominantly institutional Oakland Civic Center Historic District.
North Oakland can be loosely defined as the area of Oakland between Neville and Bouquet Streets, encompassing all of Craig Street and running north to Polish Hill.
The Cathedral of Learning, the engineering or midsection of the University of Pittsburgh campus, and the Craig Street business district are in North Oakland.
It is also the location of the relatively isolated and historic neighborhood of Panther Hollow which runs along Boundary Street in Junction Hollow as well as the Oakland Square Historic District.
South Oakland runs along the Monongahela River and forms a triangular shape between the Monongahela River, the Boulevard of the Allies, and the western bank of Junction Hollow.
The plateau is divided into two primarily residential areas which are separated from one another by Bates Street, which runs up a valley from the flood plain to the plateau.
The flood plain was previously packed with industrial sites such as the Pittsburgh Works Consolidated Gas Co. and the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., but presently, the Pittsburgh Technology Center hosts facilities such as the Entertainment Technology Center of Carnegie Mellon University.
South Oakland is reputed to be a student neighborhood, but only 36.9% of its population is between the ages of 18 and 24, compared to Central Oakland's figure of 74.1%.
Although they were not contemporaries, Warhol and Marino grew up on the same block with their former houses only a few doors apart.
West Oakland, the smallest of the four districts, is bordered by Fifth Avenue in the south, DeSoto Street in the east, the Birmingham Bridge to the west, and Allequippa Street to the north.
Although the campus of Carnegie Mellon University and parts of Schenley Park, including Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens and Flagstaff Hill are popularly referred to as being in Oakland, and are located with the 15213 zip code, they are actually part of the adjacent neighborhood of Squirrel Hill North.
The area got its name from the abundance of oak trees found on the farm of William Eichenbaum, who settled there in 1840.
Carnegie Mellon University is the result of a 1967 merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology, founded in Oakland in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie, and Mellon Institute, founded in 1913 by Andrew W. and Richard B. Mellon to conduct industrial research.
The University of Pittsburgh, which is heir to the Pittsburgh Academy that was incorporated in 1787, relocated to Oakland in 1909 from its campus that was then in Allegheny.
Although the Cathedral of Learning is now the fourth-tallest educationally purposed building in the world, it remains the world's second tallest university building, the tallest educational building in the Western Hemisphere, and the second tallest gothic-styled building in the world.
Oakland is also home to the university's French-Gothic revival Heinz Memorial Chapel and St. Paul Cathedral, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh.
Baseball fans might know Oakland for the beloved Forbes Field, which was built in 1909 as the third home to the Pittsburgh Pirates and first home to the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Pirates fans gather on the site each year on the anniversary of Bill Mazeroski's World Series winning home run on October 13, 1960.
North Oakland has eight borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Bloomfield to the northeast, Shadyside and Squirrel Hill North to the east, Central Oakland to the south, West Oakland to the southwest, the Terrace Village region of the Hill District to the west, the Upper Hill District to the northwest Polish Hill to the north-northwest.
North Oakland also runs catty-corner (without a direct border) with Lower Lawrenceville to the north with its meeting point in the middle of the Bloomfield Bridge.
Central Oakland has five Pittsburgh neighborhood borders, including North Oakland to the north, Squirrel Hill North to the northeast, Squirrel Hill South to the east, South Oakland to the south and southwest, and West Oakland to the northwest.
South Oakland has six land borders, including the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Central Oakland to the northeast, Squirrel Hill South to the east, Greenfield to the southeast, Hazelwood to the south-southeast, Bluff to the west, and West Oakland to the northwest.
West Oakland has six borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of North Oakland to the northeast, Central Oakland to the southeast, South Oakland to the south and south-southeast, Bluff to the southwest, and the Crawford-Roberts and Terrace Village regions of the Hill District to the west and northwest, respectively.
While an article published by the Senate (see References) gives his year of birth as 1862, this is most probably incorrect.
He was elected as U.S. Representative from Indiana's 4th congressional district in 1894 to the 54th Congress (1895–1897), defeating the incumbent Democratic William S. Holman, in part by speaking German, the language of many of his constituents.
He was defeated by Holman in 1896, but was elected from Indiana's 6th congressional district in 1898 to the 56th Congress and reelected to the 57th, 58th, 59th and 60th Congresses (1899–1909).
Cannon ensured his selection as the Republican whip, trusted him with party strategy in the House of Representatives, and placed him on the powerful Ways and Means Committee.
Colleagues would come to the House chamber just to hear him speak—not to be swayed by his conservative views, but to see him put on a good show.
A pivotal moment in House history, the speech enabled Cannon to keep his position, but at a great reduction in power.
The House adopted a resolution that prevented Cannon and subsequent speakers from serving on or appointing members to the all-important Rules Committee.
While detractors, including members of the House, questioned the propriety of his new occupation, the criticism did not hurt his political standing in Indiana.
In fact, he became known as an Indiana boss, and state politicians sought his endorsement as a necessary precursor to winning elections or appointments to higher office.
In 1916, Watson entered the U.S. Senate race against Democratic Senator John W. Kern, but his bitter primary battle against Harry S. New threatened to divide the state Republican party.
In 1929, he was a defendant in a lawsuit wherein it was alleged by William M. Rogers, an avowed Klansman, that Watson had forced him to sign an affidavit recanting testimony before a Senate committee that Watson was also a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
The Democrats swept both Congress and the presidency in the election of 1932, and Watson lost his Senate seat in a landslide defeat.
Following the election, however, Watson remained a fixture of the Washington scene, practicing law and trading stories with his former colleagues in the Republican cloakroom.
Wendell Willkie, a Republican convert and fellow Hoosier, could attest that Watson's support, or lack thereof, meant everything in the state.
The road affords good views of the fields where crops are grown for the benefit of the birds under cooperative agreements with farmers.
About 7,000 acres (28 km) in the center of the refuge are made up of flood-plains watered by irrigation systems connected to the Rio Grande.
These marshlands begin dry, and are burned or turned over before they are flooded in order to produce fresh soil for the new plants.
There have been 374 different bird species observed in the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge since 1981 according to eBird, making it one of the most diverse areas for bird species in the United States .
In the Chihuahuan desert terrain outside of the Rio Grande riparian zone, the refuge also hosts three federally designated Wilderness areas (Chupadera, Little San Pascual, and Indian Well).
The diversity of birds is also high in spring, particularly the last week of April and first week of May, and in fall.
In summer the area is hot but many water birds can be found, including such New Mexico rarities as the least bittern and occasionally the little blue heron.
Late November to late February is the best time for large numbers of birds, typically over 10,000 sandhill cranes and over 20,000 Ross's and snow geese.
An annual 'festival of the cranes' is held the weekend before Thanksgiving as large numbers of cranes begin arriving in the refuge.
The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically.
The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages and as a result the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes.
At its cultural and geographical peak, Greek civilization spread from Egypt all the way to the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan.
The Neolithic Revolution reached Europe beginning in 7000–6500 BC when agriculturalists from the Near East entered the Greek peninsula from Anatolia by island-hopping through the Aegean Sea.
The first Greek-speaking tribes, speaking the predecessor of the Mycenaean language, arrived in the Greek mainland sometime in the Neolithic period or the Early Bronze Age (ca.
The transition from the Greek Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (or Early Helladic I–II) occurred gradually when Greece's agricultural population began to import bronze and copper and used basic bronze-working techniques.
The Minoan civilization in Crete lasted from about c. 3000 BC (Early Minoan) to c. 1400 BC, and the Helladic culture on the Greek mainland from circa 3200/3100 BC to 2000/1900 BC.
Minoan civilization was affected by a number of natural cataclysms such as the volcanic eruption at Thera (c. 1628–1627 BC) and earthquakes (c. 1600 BC).
In 1425 BC, the Minoan palaces (except Knossos) were devastated by fire, which allowed the Mycenaean Greeks, influenced by the Minoans' culture, to expand into Crete.
The Minoan civilization which preceded the Mycenaean civilization on Crete was revealed to the modern world by Sir Arthur Evans in 1900, when he purchased and then began excavating a site at Knossos.
It emerged in circa 1600 BC, when Helladic culture in mainland Greece was transformed under influences from Minoan Crete and lasted until the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces in c. 1100 BC.
Mycenaean Greece is the Late Helladic Bronze Age civilization of Ancient Greece and it is the historical setting of the epics of Homer and most of Greek mythology and religion.
The Mycenaean period takes its name from the archaeological site Mycenae in the northeastern Argolid, in the Peloponnesos of southern Greece.
Around 1400 BC, the Mycenaeans extended their control to Crete, center of the Minoan civilization, and adopted a form of the Minoan script called Linear A to write their early form of Greek.
The Greeks themselves have traditionally blamed this decline on an invasion by another wave of Greek people, the Dorians, although there is scant archaeological evidence for this view.
Ancient Greece refers to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Dark Ages to the end of antiquity (circa 600 AD).
Some writers include the periods of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, while others argue that these civilizations were so different from later Greek cultures that they should be classed separately.
Traditionally, the Ancient Greek period was taken to begin with the date of the first Olympic Games in 776 BC, but most historians now extend the term back to about 1000 BC.
The traditional date for the end of the Classical Greek period is the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC.
Not everyone treats the Classical Greek and Hellenic periods as distinct; however, and some writers treat the Ancient Greek civilization as a continuum running until the advent of Christianity in the 3rd century AD.
Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe.
Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, art and architecture of the modern world, particularly during the Renaissance in Western Europe and again during various neo-classical revivals in 18th and 19th-century Europe and the Americas.
1100 BC–800 BC) refers to the period of Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 11th century BC to the rise of the first Greek city-states in the 9th century BC and the epics of Homer and earliest writings in alphabetic Greek in the 8th century BC.
The collapse of the Mycenaean coincided with the fall of several other large empires in the near east, most notably the Hittite and the Egyptian.
When the Dorians came down into Greece they also were equipped with superior iron weapons, easily dispersing the already weakened Mycenaeans.
Kings ruled throughout this period until eventually they were replaced with an aristocracy, then still later, in some areas, an aristocracy within an aristocracy—an elite of the elite.
Due to its cheapness of production and local availability, iron replaced bronze as the metal of choice in the manufacturing of tools and weapons.
Slowly equality grew among the different sects of people, leading to the dethronement of the various Kings and the rise of the family.
At the end of this period of stagnation, the Greek civilization was engulfed in a renaissance that spread the Greek world as far as the Black Sea and Spain.
In the 8th century BC, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization.
Literacy had been lost and Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, modifying it to create the Greek alphabet.
Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern largely dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut off from its neighbours by the sea or mountain ranges.
The Archaic period can be understood as the Orientalizing period, when Greece was at the fringe, but not under the sway, of the budding Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Some city-states might be subordinate to others (a colony traditionally deferred to its mother city), some might have had governments wholly dependent upon others (the Thirty Tyrants in Athens was imposed by Sparta following the Peloponnesian War), but the titularly supreme power in each city was located within that city.
This meant that when Greece went to war (e.g., against the Persian Empire), it took the form of an alliance going to war.
By the late 6th century BC, the Achaemenid Persian Empire ruled over all Greek city states and had made territorial gains in the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper as well.
The Ionian Greek cities revolted from the Persian Empire, through a chain of events, and were supported by some of the mainland cities, eventually led by Athens.
To punish mainland Greece for its support of the Ionian cities (which uprising by that time had already been quelled) Darius I launched the First Persian invasion of Greece, which lasted from 492 BC till 490 BC.
The Persian general Megabyzus re-subjugated Thrace and conquered Macedon in the early stages of the war, but the war eventually ended with a Greek victory.
Even though at a crucial point in the war the Persians briefly overran northern and central Greece, the Greek city-states once again managed to turn this war into a victory.
To prosecute the war and then to defend Greece from further Persian attack, Athens founded the Delian League in 477 BC.
Initially, each city in the League would contribute ships and soldiers to a common army, but in time Athens allowed (and then compelled) the smaller cities to contribute funds so that it could supply their quota of ships.
Following military reversals against the Persians, the treasury was moved from Delos to Athens, further strengthening the latter's control over the League.
In 458 BC, while the Persian Wars were still ongoing, war broke out between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League, comprising Sparta and its allies.
That peace was stipulated to last thirty years: instead it held only until 431 BC, with the onset of the Peloponnesian War.
It prevented Corinth from landing on Corcyra at the Battle of Sybota, laid siege to Potidaea, and forbade all commerce with Corinth's closely situated ally, Megara (the Megarian decree).
There was disagreement among the Greeks as to which party violated the treaty between the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues, as Athens was technically defending a new ally.
Fearing the growing might of Athens, and witnessing Athens' willingness to use it against the Megarians (the embargo would have ruined them), Sparta declared the treaty to have been violated and the Peloponnesian War began in earnest.
The first stage of the war (known as the Archidamian War for the Spartan king, Archidamus II) lasted until 421 BC with the signing of the Peace of Nicias.
The Athenian general Pericles recommended that his city fight a defensive war, avoiding battle against the superior land forces led by Sparta, and importing everything needful by maintaining its powerful navy.
This strategy required that Athens endure regular sieges, and in 430 BC it was visited with an awful plague that killed about a quarter of its people, including Pericles.
The second stage of the Peloponnesian War began in 415 BC when Athens embarked on the Sicilian Expedition to support an ally (Segesta) attacked by Syracuse and to conquer Sicily.
Initially, Sparta was reluctant, but Alcibiades, the Athenian general who had argued for the Sicilian Expedition, defected to the Spartan cause upon being accused of grossly impious acts and convinced them that they could not allow Athens to subjugate Syracuse.
In 411 BC, an oligarchical revolt in Athens held out the chance for peace, but the Athenian navy, which remained committed to the democracy, refused to accept the change and continued fighting in Athens' name.
The navy recalled Alcibiades (who had been forced to abandon the Spartan cause after reputedly seducing the wife of Agis II, a Spartan king) and made him its head.
Following the Battle of Arginusae, which Athens won but was prevented by bad weather from rescuing some of its sailors, Athens executed or exiled eight of its top naval commanders.
Discontent with the Spartan hegemony that followed (including the fact that it ceded Ionia and Cyprus to the Persian Empire at the conclusion of the Corinthian War (395–387 BC); see Treaty of Antalcidas) induced the Thebans to attack.
Their general, Epaminondas, crushed Sparta at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, inaugurating a period of Theban dominance in Greece.
In 346 BC, unable to prevail in its ten-year war with Phocis, Thebes called upon Philip II of Macedon for aid.
Macedon quickly forced the city states into being united by the League of Corinth which led to the conquering of the Persian Empire and the Hellenistic Age had begun.
The Hellenistic period of Greek history begins with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and ends with the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC.
Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence.
Athens and her allies revolted against Macedon upon hearing that Alexander had died, but were defeated within a year in the Lamian War.
Meanwhile, a struggle for power broke out among Alexander's generals, which resulted in the break-up of his empire and the establishment of a number of new kingdoms (see the Wars of the Diadochi).
Athens, Rhodes, Pergamum and other Greek states retained substantial independence, and joined the Aetolian League as a means of defending it and restoring democracy in their states, whereas they saw Macedon as a tyrannical kingdom because of the fact they had not adopted democracy.
In 267 BC, Ptolemy II persuaded the Greek cities to revolt against Macedon, in what became the Chremonidean War, after the Athenian leader Chremonides.
This marked the end of Athens as a political actor, although it remained the largest, wealthiest and most cultivated city in Greece.
In 225 BC, Macedon defeated the Egyptian fleet at Cos and brought the Aegean islands, except Rhodes, under its rule as well.
In 222 BC, the Macedonian army defeated the Spartans and annexed their city—the first time Sparta had ever been occupied by a different state.
Philip V of Macedon was the last Greek ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the ever-increasing power of Rome.
Under his auspices, the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought conflict between Macedon and the Greek leagues to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.
Rome promptly lured the Achaean cities away from their nominal loyalty to Philip, and formed alliances with Rhodes and Pergamum, now the strongest power in Asia Minor.
The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC, but Macedon was now marked as an enemy of Rome.
In 198 BC, the Second Macedonian War broke out because Rome saw Macedon as a potential ally of the Seleucid Empire, the greatest power in the east.
Philip's allies in Greece deserted him and in 197 BC he was decisively defeated at the Battle of Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flaminius.
At the Isthmian Games in 196 BC, Flaminius declared all the Greek cities free, although Roman garrisons were placed at Corinth and Chalcis.
All the cities except Rhodes were enrolled in a new League which Rome ultimately controlled, and aristocratic constitutions were favoured and actively promoted.
Militarily, Greece itself declined to the point that the Romans conquered the land (168 BC onwards), though Greek culture would in turn conquer Roman life.
Although the period of Roman rule in Greece is conventionally dated as starting from the sacking of Corinth by the Roman Lucius Mummius in 146 BC, Macedonia had already come under Roman control with the defeat of its king, Perseus, by the Roman Aemilius Paullus at Pydna in 168 BC.
The Romans divided the region into four smaller republics, and in 146 BC Macedonia officially became a province, with its capital at Thessalonica.
It set the basis for integration where the economic and judicial mechanisms of the state could be applied throughout the Mediterranean as was once done from Latium into all Italy.
Societies already integrated with Rome, such as Greece, were favored by this decree, in comparison with those far away, too poor or just too alien such as Britain, Palestine or Egypt.
Caracalla's decree did not set in motion the processes that led to the transfer of power from Italy and the West to Greece and the East, but rather accelerated them, setting the foundations for the millennium-long rise of Greece, in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire, as a major power in Europe and the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages.
The division of the empire into East and West and the subsequent collapse of the Western Roman Empire were developments that constantly accentuated the position of the Greeks in the empire and eventually allowed them to become identified with it altogether.
The leading role of Constantinople began when Constantine the Great turned Byzantium into the new capital of the Roman Empire, from then on to be known as Constantinople, placing the city at the center of Hellenism, a beacon for the Greeks that lasted to the modern era.
Assimilating the Roman tradition, the emperors sought to offer the basis for later developments and for the formation of the Byzantine Empire.
At the same time, the definitive formation and establishment of the Orthodox doctrine, but also a series of conflicts resulting from heresies that developed within the boundaries of the empire, marked the early period of Byzantine history.
In the first period of the middle Byzantine era (610–867), the empire was attacked both by old enemies (Persians, Lombards, Avars and Slavs) as well as by new ones, appearing for the first time in history (Arabs, Bulgars).
The main characteristic of this period was that the enemy attacks were not localized to the border areas of the state but they were extended deep beyond, even threatening the capital itself.
The attacks of the Slavs lost their periodical and temporary character and became permanent settlements that transformed into new states, initially hostile to Constantinople until their christianization.
The predominance of the small free farmers, the expansion of the military estates and the development of the system of themes, brought to completion developments that had started in the previous period.
Changes were noted also in the sector of administration: the administration and society had become immiscibly Greek, while the restoration of Orthodoxy after the iconoclast movement, allowed the successful resumption of missionary action among neighboring peoples and their placement within the sphere of Byzantine cultural influence.
During this period the state was geographically reduced and economically damaged, since it lost wealth-producing regions; however, it obtained greater lingual, dogmatic and cultural homogeneity.
From the late 8th century, the Empire began to recover from the devastating impact of successive invasions, and the reconquest of Greek peninsula began.
By the middle of the 9th century, Greece was Byzantine again, and the cities began to recover due to improved security and the restoration of effective central control.
When the Byzantine Empire was rescued from a period of crisis by the resolute leadership of the three Komnenoi emperors Alexios, John and Manuel in the 12th century, Greece prospered.
Recent research has revealed that this period was a time of significant growth in the rural economy, with rising population levels and extensive tracts of new agricultural land being brought into production.
A steady increase in population led to a higher population density, and there is good evidence that the demographic increase was accompanied by the revival of towns.
Archaeological evidence tells us that many of the medieval towns, including Athens, Thessaloniki, Thebes and Corinth, experienced a period of rapid and sustained growth, starting in the 11th century and continuing until the end of the 12th century.
The growth of the towns attracted the Venetians, and this interest in trade appears to have further increased economic prosperity in Greece.
Certainly, the Venetians and others were active traders in the ports of the Holy Land, and they made a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt.
Many of the most important Byzantine churches in and around Athens, for example, were built during these two centuries, and this reflects the growth of urbanisation in Greece during this period.
There was also a revival in the mosaic art with artists showing great interest in depicting natural landscapes with wild animals and scenes from the hunt.
With its love of luxury and passion for color, the art of this age delighted in the production of masterpieces that spread the fame of Byzantium throughout the Christian world.
Beautiful silks from the workshops of Constantinople also portrayed in dazzling color animals—lions, elephants, eagles, and griffins—confronting each other, or representing Emperors gorgeously arrayed on horseback or engaged in the chase.
All this suggests that there was an increased demand for art, with more people having access to the necessary wealth to commission and pay for such work.
Yet the marvelous expansion of Byzantine art during this period, one of the most remarkable facts in the history of the empire, did not stop there.
By their style, arrangement, and iconography the mosaics of St. Mark's at Venice and of the cathedral at Torcello clearly show their Byzantine origin.
Similarly those of the Palatine Chapel, the Martorana at Palermo, and the cathedral of Cefalu, together with the vast decoration of the cathedral at Monreale, prove the influence of Byzantium on the Norman Court of Sicily in the 12th century.
Romanesque art owes much to the East, from which it borrowed not only its decorative forms but the plan of some of its buildings, as is proved, for instance, by the domed churches of south-western France.
Princes of Kiev, Venetian doges, abbots of Monte Cassino, merchants of Amalfi, and the Norman kings of Sicily all looked to Byzantium for artists or works of art.
Such was the influence of Byzantine art in the 12th century, that Russia, Venice, southern Italy and Sicily all virtually became provincial centers dedicated to its production.
The year 1204 marks the beginning of the Late Byzantine period when Constantinople and a number of Byzantine territories were conquered by the Latins during the Fourth Crusade.
The Latin Empire, however, lasted only 57 years, when in 1261 Constantinople was reclaimed by the Byzantine Greeks and the Byzantine Empire was restored.
From 1261 onwards, Byzantium underwent a gradual weakening of its internal structures and the reduction of its territories from Ottoman invasions culminating in the Fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453.
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople resulted in the official end of both the Eastern Roman empire and the Byzantine period of Greek history.
The millet system contributed to the ethnic cohesion of Orthodox Greeks by segregating the various peoples within the Ottoman Empire based on religion.
The Greeks living in the plains during Ottoman rule were either Christians who dealt with the burdens of foreign rule or crypto-Christians (Greek Muslims who were secret practitioners of the Greek Orthodox faith).
Some Greeks became crypto-Christians to avoid heavy taxes and at the same time express their identity by maintaining their ties to the Greek Orthodox Church.
After his assassination, the European powers turned Greece into a monarchy; the first King, Otto, came from Bavaria and the second, George I, from Denmark.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Greece sought to enlarge its boundaries to include the ethnic Greek population of the Ottoman Empire.
When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1853, Greek leaders saw an opportunity to expand North and South into Ottoman areas that had a Christian majority.
However, Greece did not coordinate its plans with Russia, did not declare war, and received no outside military or financial support.
The frustrated Greek leadership blamed the King for failing to take advantage of the situation; his popularity plunged and he was later forced to abdicate.
The Ionian Islands were given by Britain upon the arrival of the new King George I in 1863 and Thessaly was ceded by the Ottomans in 1880.
Overall, population density more than doubled from 41 persons per square mile in 1829 to 114 in 1912 (16 to 44 per km).
Entrepreneurs found numerous business opportunities in the retail and restaurant sectors of American cities; some sent money back to their families, others returned with hundreds of dollars, enough to purchase a farm or a small business in the old village.
Athens grew from a village of 6000 people in 1834, when it became the capital, to 63,000 in 1879, 111,000 in 1896, and 167,000 in 1907.
They joined with bankers, professional men, university students, and military officers, to demand reform and modernization of the political and economic system.
Athens became the center of the merchant marine, which quadrupled from 250,000 tons in 1875 to more than 1,000,000 tons in 1915.
The participation of Greece in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 is one of the most important episodes in modern Greek history, as it allowed the Greek state to almost double its size and achieve most of its present territorial size.
As a result of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, most of Epirus, southern Macedonia, Crete and the northern Aegean islands were incorporated into the Kingdom of Greece.
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 produced a split in Greek politics, with King Constantine I, an admirer of Germany, calling for neutrality while Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos pushed for Greece to join the Allies.
At the end of the war, the Great Powers agreed that the Ottoman city of Smyrna (Izmir) and its hinterland, both of which had large Greek populations, be handed over to Greece.
Greek troops occupied Smyrna in 1919, and in 1920 the Treaty of Sèvres was signed by the Ottoman government; the treaty stipulated that in five years time a plebiscite would be held in Smyrna on whether the region would join Greece.
However, Turkish nationalists, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, overthrew the Ottoman government and organised a military campaign against the Greek troops, resulting in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922).
The war was concluded by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), according to which there was to be a population exchange between Greece and Turkey on the basis of religion.
Between 1914 and 1923, an estimated 750,000 to 900,000 Greeks died at the hands of the Ottoman Turks, in what many scholars have termed a genocide.
The Second Hellenic Republic was proclaimed in 1924 only to be disestablished in 1935 with the return of King George II of Greece.
In August 1936, Prime Minister Metaxas, with the agreement of the king, suspended the parliament and established the quasi-fascist Metaxas regime.
Despite the country's numerically small and ill-equipped armed forces, Greece made a decisive contribution to the Allied efforts in World War II.
Italy invaded Greece by way of Albania on 28 October 1940, but Greek troops repelled the invaders after a bitter struggle (see Greco-Italian War).
Primarily to secure his strategic southern flank, German dictator Adolf Hitler reluctantly stepped in and launched the Battle of Greece in April 1941.
The Greek government eventually decided to stop the fighting and thus stopped sending ammunition and supplies to the northern front and the defenders were easily overrun.
The Greek government then proceeded, as the Nazi forces came towards the capital of Athens, to leave for Crete and then Cairo, Egypt.
On 20 May 1941, the Germans attempted to seize Crete with a large attack by paratroopers, with the aim of reducing the threat of a counter-offensive by Allied forces in Egypt, but faced heavy resistance.
The Greek campaign might have delayed German military plans against Soviet Union, and it is argued that had the German invasion of the Soviet Union started on 20 May 1941 instead of 22 June 1941, the Nazi assault against the Soviet Union might have succeeded.
When the Soviet Army began its drive across Romania in August 1944, the German Army in Greece began withdrawing north and northwestward from Greece into Yugoslavia and Albania to avoid being cut off in Greece.
It was fought between 1944 and 1949 in Greece between the nationalist/non-Marxist forces of Greece (financially supported by Great Britain at first, and later by the United States) and the Democratic Army of Greece (ELAS), which was the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE).
The conflict resulted in a victory for the British — and later U.S.-supported government forces, which led to Greece receiving American funds through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, as well as becoming a member of NATO, which helped to define the ideological balance of power in the Aegean for the entire Cold War.
Marxist and non-Marxist resistance groups fought each other in a fratricidal conflict to establish the leadership of the Greek resistance movement.
In the second phase (December 1944), the ascendant communists, in military control of most of Greece, confronted the returning Greek government in exile, which had been formed under the auspices of the Western Allies in Cairo and originally included six KKE-affiliated ministers.
Although the involvement of the KKE in the uprisings was universally known, the party remained legal until 1948, continuing to coordinate attacks from its Athens offices until proscription.
The war, which lasted from 1946 to 1949, was characterised by guerilla warfare between the KKE forces and Greek governmental forces mainly in the mountain ranges of northern Greece.
As a result, Greece also entered into an alliance with the United States and joined NATO, while relationships with its communist northern neighbours, both pro-Soviet and neutral, became strained.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Greece developed rapidly, initially with the help of the Marshall Plan's grants and loans, also to decrease the communist influence.
New attention was given to women's rights, and in 1952 suffrage for women was guaranteed in the Constitution, full Constitutional equality following, and Lina Tsaldari becoming the first female minister that decade.
The junta government's accession to power lead to an isolation to Greece from European affairs and froze Greece's entry to the European Union.
The Cyprus events and the outcry following a bloody suppression of Athens Polytechnic uprising in Athens led to the implosion of the military régime.
Metapolitefsi was initiated when Konstantinos Karamanlis returned from self-exile in Paris at the invitation of the junta, to become interim prime minister on July 23, 1974. and later gained re-election for two further terms at the head of the conservative New Democracy Party.
In August 1974, Greek forces withdrew from the integrated military structure of NATO in protest at the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus.
Another previously exiled politician, Andreas Papandreou also returned and founded the socialist PASOK Party (Panhellenic Socialist Movement), which won the 1981 election and dominated Greek politics for almost two decades.
Greece rejoined NATO in 1980, joined the European Union (EU) in 1981 and adopted the euro as its currency in 2001.
New infrastructure funds from the EU and growing revenues from tourism, shipping, services, light industry and the telecommunications industry have brought Greeks an unprecedented standard of living.
Tensions continue to exist between Greece and Turkey over Cyprus and the delimitation of borders in the Aegean Sea but relations have considerably thawed following successive earthquakes, first in Turkey and then in Greece, and an outpouring of sympathy and generous assistance by ordinary Greeks and Turks (see Earthquake Diplomacy).
From late 2009, fears developed in investment markets of a sovereign debt crisis concerning Greece's ability to pay its debts, in view of the large increase in the country's government debt.
This crisis of confidence was indicated by a widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on credit default swaps compared to other countries, most importantly Germany.
On 2 May 2010, the Eurozone countries and the International Monetary Fund agreed on a loan for Greece, conditional on the implementation of harsh austerity measures.
In October 2011, Eurozone leaders also agreed on a proposal to write off 50% of Greek debt owed to private creditors, increasing the European Financial Stability Facility amount to about €1 trillion, and requiring European banks to achieve 9% capitalization to reduce the risk of contagion to other countries.
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books, sometimes referred to as the comics industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.
They are named in honor of the pioneering writer and artist Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the award ceremony until his death in 2005.
The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to a six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals and presented at the annual San Diego Comic-Con held in July, usually on Friday night.
The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comics experts.
The Eisner Awards and Harvey Awards were first conferred in 1988, both created in response to the discontinuation of the Kirby Awards in 1987.
In 2006, it was announced that the archives of the Eisner Awards would be housed at the James Branch Cabell Library of Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond.
Mycenaean Greece (or the Mycenaean civilization) was the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece, spanning the period from approximately 1600–1100 BC.
It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in mainland Greece with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art, and writing system.
Other centers of power that emerged included Pylos, Tiryns, Midea in the Peloponnese, Orchomenos, Thebes, Athens in Central Greece and Iolcos in Thessaly.
Mycenaean and Mycenaean-influenced settlements also appeared in Epirus, Macedonia, on islands in the Aegean Sea, on the coast of Asia Minor, the Levant, Cyprus and Italy.
The Mycenaean Greeks introduced several innovations in the fields of engineering, architecture and military infrastructure, while trade over vast areas of the Mediterranean was essential for the Mycenaean economy.
Their syllabic script, the Linear B, offers the first written records of the Indo-European Greek language and their religion already included several deities that can also be found in the Olympic Pantheon.
Mycenaean Greece was dominated by a warrior elite society and consisted of a network of palace-centered states that developed rigid hierarchical, political, social and economic systems.
Mycenaean Greece perished with the collapse of Bronze Age culture in the eastern Mediterranean, to be followed by the so-called Greek Dark Ages, a recordless transitional period leading to Archaic Greece where significant shifts occurred from palace-centralized to de-centralized forms of socio-economic organization (including the extensive use of iron).
This period is divided into three subperiods: The Early Helladic (EH) period (c. 2900–2000 BC) was a time of prosperity with the use of metals and a growth in technology, economy and social organization.
The Middle Helladic (MH) period (c. 2000–1650 BC) faced a slower pace of development, as well as the evolution of megaron-type dwellings and cist grave burials.
The Late Helladic period is further divided into LHI and LHII, both of which coincide with the early period of Mycenaean Greece (c. 1650–1425 BC), and LHIII (c. 1425–1050 BC), the period of expansion, decline and collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.
The decipherment of the Mycenaean Linear B script, a writing system adapted for the use of the (Indo-European) Greek language of the Late Bronze Age, demonstrated the continuity of Greek speech from the second millennium BC into the eighth century BC when a new Phoenician-derived alphabetic script emerged.
Moreover, it revealed that the bearers of Mycenaean culture were ethnically connected with the populations that resided in the Greek peninsula after the end of this cultural period.
Lastly, the decipherment marked the advent of an Indo-European language in the Aegean region in contrast to unrelated prior languages spoken in adjoining areas.
The latter was supposed to have happened in the late 13thearly 12th century BC, when a coalition of small Greek states under the king of Mycenae, besieged the walled city of Troy.
This land is geographically defined in an inscription from the reign of Amenhotep III (r. circa 1390–1352 BC), where a number of Danaya cities are mentioned, which cover the largest part of southern mainland Greece.
This term may have also had broader connotations in some texts, possibly referring to all regions settled by Mycenaeans or regions under direct Mycenaean political control.
According to one theory, Mycenaean civilization reflected the exogenous imposition of archaic Indo-Europeans from the Eurasian steppe onto the pre-Mycenaean local population.
An issue with this theory, however, entails the very tenuous material and cultural relationship between Aegean and northern steppe populations during the Bronze Age.
Another theory proposes that Mycenaean culture in Greece dates back to circa 3000 BC with Indo-European migrants entering a mainly depopulated area; other hypotheses argue for a date as early as the seventh millennium BC (with the spread of agriculture) and as late as 1600 BC (with the spread of chariot technology).
Notwithstanding the above academic disputes, the mainstream consensus among modern Mycenologists is that Mycenaean civilization, exemplified in the Shaft Graves, originated and evolved from the local socio-cultural landscape of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in mainland Greece with influences from Minoan Crete.
Towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600 BC) a significant increase in the population and the number of settlements occurred.
A number of centers of power emerged in southern mainland Greece dominated by a warrior elite society, while the typical dwellings of that era were an early type of megaron buildings.
Among the various burial types, the shaft grave became the most common form of elite burial, a feature that gave the name to the early period of Mycenaean Greece.
Among the Mycenaean elite, deceased men were usually laid to rest in gold masks and funerary armor, and women in gold crowns and clothes gleaming with gold ornaments.
The royal shaft graves next to the acropolis of Mycenae, in particular the Grave Circles A and B signified the elevation of a native Greek-speaking royal dynasty whose economic power depended on long-distance sea trade.
During this period, the Mycenaean centers witnessed increased contacts with the outside world and especially with the Cyclades and the Minoan centers in the island of Crete.
Mycenaean presence appears to be also depicted in a fresco at Akrotiri, on Thera island, which possibly displays many warriors in boar's tusk helmets, a feature typical of Mycenaean warfare.
In the early 15th century BC, commerce intensified with Mycenaean pottery reaching the western coast of Asia Minor, including Miletus and Troy, Cyprus, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt.
At the end of the Shaft Grave era, a new and more imposing type of elite burial emerged, the tholos: large circular burial chambers with high vaulted roofs and a straight entry passage lined with stone.
The eruption of Thera, which according to archaeological data occurred in c. 1500 BC, resulted in the decline of the Minoan civilization of Crete.
Around c. 1450 BC, they were in control of Crete itself, including Knossos, and colonized several other Aegean islands, reaching as far as Rhodes.
Thus the Mycenaeans became the dominant power of the region, marking the beginning of the Mycenaean 'Koine' era (from , common), a highly uniform culture that spread in mainland Greece and the Aegean.
From the early 14th century BC, Mycenaean trade began to take advantage of the new commercial opportunities in the Mediterranean after the Minoan collapse.
From that time period (c. 1400 BC), the palace of Knossos has yielded the earliest records of the Greek Linear B script, based on the previous Linear A of the Minoans.
The use of the new script spread in mainland Greece and offers valuable insight into the administrative network of the palatial centers.
Excavations at Miletus, southwest Asia Minor, indicate the existence of a Mycenaean settlement there already from c. 1450 BC, replacing the previous Minoan installations.
Apart from the archaeological evidence, this is also attested in Hittite records, which indicate that Miletos (Milawata in Hittite) was the most important base for Mycenaean activity in Asia Minor.
Additional palaces were built in Midea and Pylos in Peloponnese, Athens, Eleusis, Thebes and Orchomenos in Central Greece and Iolcos, in Thessaly, the latter being the northernmost Mycenaean center.
Knossos in Crete also became a Mycenaean center, where the former Minoan complex underwent a number of adjustments, including the addition of a throne room.
These centers were based on a rigid network of bureaucracy where administrative competencies were classified into various sections and offices according to specialization of work and trades.
During this time, the kings of Ahhiyawa were evidently capable of dealing with their Hittite counterparts both on a diplomatic and military level.
Moreover, Ahhiyawan activity was to interfere in Anatolian affairs, with the support of anti-Hittite uprisings or through local vassal rulers, which the Ahhiyawan king used as agents for the extension of his influence.
In c. 1400 BC, Hittite records mention the military activities of an Ahhiyawan warlord, Attarsiya, a possible Hittite way of writing the Greek name Atreus, who attacked Hittite vassals in western Anatolia.
Meanwhile, Ahhiyawa appears to be in control of a number of islands in the Aegean, an impression also supported by archaeological evidence.
Piyama-Radu caused major unrest in the region of Wilusa and later invaded the island of Lesbos, which then passed into Ahhiyawan control.
As a result of this instability, the Hittite king initiated correspondence in order to convince his Ahhiyawan counterpart to restore peace in the region.
The Hittite record mentions a certain Tawagalawa, a possible Hittite translation for Greek Eteocles, as brother of the king of Ahhiyawa.
In 1250 BC, the first wave of destruction apparently occurred in various centers of mainland Greece for reasons that cannot be identified by archaeologists.
In c. 1220 BC, the king of Ahhiyawa is again reported to have been involved in an anti-Hittite uprising in western Anatolia.
Another contemporary Hittite account reports that Ahhiyawan ships should avoid Assyrian-controlled harbors, as part of a trade embargo imposed on Assyria.
In general, in the second half of 13th century BC, trade was in decline in the Eastern Mediterranean, most probably due to the unstable political environment there.
The Linear B archives found there, preserved by the heat of the fire that destroyed the palace, mention hasty defence preparations due to an imminent attack without giving any detail about the attacking force.
As a result of this turmoil, specific regions in mainland Greece witnessed a dramatic population decrease, especially Boeotia, Argolis and Messenia.
Nevertheless, other regions on the edge of the Mycenaean world prospered, such as the Ionian islands, the northwestern Peloponnese, parts of Attica and a number of Aegean islands.
The hypothesis of a Dorian invasion, known as such in Ancient Greek tradition, that led to the end of Mycenaean Greece, is supported by sporadic archaeological evidence such as new types of burials, in particular cist graves, and the use of a new dialect of Greek, the Doric one.
It appears that the Dorians moved southward gradually over a number of years and devastated the territory, until they managed to establish themselves in the Mycenaean centers.
On the other hand, the collapse of Mycenaean Greece coincides with the activity of the Sea Peoples in the Eastern Mediterranean.
They caused widespread destruction in Anatolia and the Levant and were finally defeated by Pharaoh Ramesses III in c. 1175 BC.
Alternative scenarios propose that the fall of Mycenaean Greece was a result of internal disturbances which led to internecine warfare among the Mycenaean states or civil unrest in a number of states, as a result of the strict hierarchical social system and the ideology of the wanax.
In general, due to the obscure archaeological picture in 12th–11th century BC Greece, there is a continuing controversy among scholars over whether the impoverished societies that succeeded the Mycenaean palatial states were newcomers or populations that already resided in Mycenaean Greece.
Another theory considers the decline of the Mycenaean civilization as a manifestation of a common pattern for the decline of many ancient civilizations: the Minoan, the Harrapan and the Western Roman Empire; the reason for the decline is migration due to overpopulation.
Moreover, the palace of Mycenae appeared to have ruled over a territory two to three times the size of the other palatial states in Bronze Age Greece.
Its territory would have also included adjacent centers, including Tiryns and Nauplion, which could plausibly be ruled by a member of Mycenae's ruling dynasty.
The unearthed Linear B texts are too fragmentary for the reconstruction of the political landscape in Mycenaean Greece and they do not support the existence of a larger Mycenaean state.
If some kind of united political entity existed, the dominant center was probably located in Thebes or in Mycenae, with the latter state being the most probable center of power.
The vast majority of the preserved Linear B records deal with administrative issues and give the impression that Mycenaean palatial administration was highly uniform with the use of the same language, terminology, system of taxation and distribution.
Considering this sense of uniformity, the Pylos archive, which is the best preserved one in the Mycenaean world, is generally taken as a representative one.
The wanax oversaw virtually all aspects of palatial life, from religious feasting and offerings to the distribution of goods, craftsmen and troops.
There is also at least one instance of a person, Enkhelyawon, at Pylos, who appears titleless in the written record but whom modern scholars regard as probably a king.
The Mycenaean economy, given its pre-monetary nature, was focused on the redistribution of goods, commodities and labor by a central administration.
The preserved Linear B records in Pylos and Knossos indicate that the palaces were closely monitoring a variety of industries and commodities, the organization of land management and the rations given to the dependent personnel.
The Mycenaean palaces maintained extensive control of the nondomestic areas of production through careful control and acquisition and distribution in the palace industries, and the tallying of produced goods.
For instance, the Knossos tablets record c. 80,000–100,000 sheep grazing in central Crete, and the quantity of the expected wool from these sheep and their offspring, as well as how this wool was allocated.
The archives of Pylos display a specialized workforce, where each worker belonged to a precise category and was assigned to a specific task in the stages of production, notably in textiles.
Nevertheless, palatial control over resources appears to have been highly selective in spatial terms and in terms of how different industries were managed.
Thus, sectors like the production of perfumed oil and bronze materials were directly monitored from the palace, but the production of ceramics was only indirectly monitored.
The palatial centers organized their workforce and resources for the construction of large scale projects in the fields of agriculture and industry.
Most notable of them are the drainage system of the Kopais basin in Boeotia, the building of a large dam outside Tiryns, and the drainage of the swamp in the Nemea valley.
Also noticeable is the construction of harbors, such as the harbor of Pylos, that were capable of accommodating large Bronze Age era vessels like the one found at Uluburun.
The Mycenaean economy also featured large-scale manufacturing as testified by the extent of workshop complexes that have been discovered, the largest known to date being the recent ceramic and hydraulic installations found in Euonymeia, next to Athens, that produced tableware, textiles, sails, and ropes for export and shipbuilding.
This appears to have facilitated the speedy deployment of troops—for example, the remnants of a Mycenaean road, along with what appears to have been a Mycenaean defensive wall on the Isthmus of Corinth.
The Mycenaean era saw the zenith of infrastructure engineering in Greece, and this appears not to have been limited to the Argive plain.
The Mycenaean palaces imported raw materials, such as metals, ivory and glass, and exported processed commodities and objects made from these materials, in addition to local products: oil, perfume, wine, wool and pottery.
Based on archaeological findings in the Middle East, in particular physical artifacts, textual references, inscriptions and wall paintings, it appears that Mycenaean Greeks achieved strong commercial and cultural interaction with most of the Bronze Age people living in this region: Canaanites, Kassites, Mitanni, Assyrians, and Egyptians.
The 14th century Uluburun shipwreck, off the coast of southern Anatolia, displays the established trade routes that supplied the Mycenaeans with all the raw materials and items that the economy of Mycenaean Greece needed, such as copper and tin for the production of bronze products.
Cyprus appears to be the principal intermediary station between Mycenaean Greece and the Middle East, based on the considerable greater quantities of Mycenaean goods found there.
Trade with Troy is also well attested, while Mycenaean trade routes expanded further to the Bosphorus and the shores of the Black Sea.
Sporadic objects of Mycenaean manufacture were found in various distant locations, like in Central Europe, such as in Bavaria, Germany, where an amber object inscribed with Linear B symbols has been unearthed.
Mycenaean bronze double axes and other objects dating from the 13th century BC have been found in Ireland and in Wessex and Cornwall in England.
Small shrines have been identified in Asine, Berbati, Malthi and Pylos, while a number of sacred enclosures have been located near Mycenae, Delphi and Amyklae.
The latter were prominent figures in society, and the role of Mycenaean women in religious festivities was also important, just as in Minoan Crete.
The Mycenaean pantheon already included many divinities that were subsequently encountered in Classical Greece, although it is difficult to determine whether these deities had the characteristics and responsibilities that would be attributed to them in later periods.
The uniformity of Mycenaean religion is also reflected in archaeological evidence with the phi- and psi-figurines that have been found all over Late Bronze Age Greece.
By observing Mycenaean wall paintings, scholars have deduced that women during this time often wore long dresses, their hair long, and wore jewelry, most notably beads.
It is not known for certain why they (men, women, and children) wore them, or why they appear to have been significant to the culture, but beads made of carnelian, lapis lazuli, etc., were known to have been worn by women on bracelets, necklaces, and buttons on cloaks, and were often buried with the deceased.
In later periods of Greek history, seclusion of females from males was common in the household, though scholars have found no evidence of seclusion during Mycenaean times, and believe that males and females worked with and around each other on a regular basis.
And though men were involved in warfare and hunting, there is no evidence that suggests women ever took part in either of the two, though whether women took part in hunting has been up for debate amongst some historians.
Mycenae practiced a system of rationing food to citizens, and evidence shows that women received the same amount of rations as men.
Women in workgroups are not believed to have been able to acquire land holdings or have had economic independence of any kind, and are believed by some to have been slaves, though there are some conflicting debates among scholars concerning this.
Though scholars are unsure if ordinary women could obtain land and exert economic power, there is evidence that women could obtain positions of power, such as the title of priestess, which allowed them to have land holdings, have elite connections, and high social status.
Mycenaean society is believed to have been largely patriarchal, but women could exert social and economic power through titles and positions of power, like that of a priestess, though religion was not the only place that a woman could gain social authority.
Women with special talents or skills, such as being a skilled midwife or craftswomen, could gain social authority in their villages, but are not believed to have been able to receive land holdings.
Elite women (those who were married to male elites) were afforded benefits fitting their high social standing, but even the wife of elites could not own land and had no economic independence.
Some scholars believe that Knossos was probably more equal in relation to gender than Pylos, though the evidence for this is little and is highly disputed.
Some women could be elevated to becoming legally independent by becoming priestesses, which appears to be hereditary through both the male and female line.
Key-bearers appear to be women who had authority over the sacred treasury of a particular deity, and were able to dispense it in times of need.
Though scholars do not have enough evidence to suggest that all Key-bearers could own land and had high status, there is a written record in Linear B of a Key-bearer with elite ties who owned land, so it is possible that they had similar benefits to priestesses.
Other religious roles filled by women were the three types of sacred slaves: slave of the God, slave of the Priestess, and slave of the Key-bearer.
Though documented, scholars are not certain exactly what the duties of this role entailed, or what type of women would have filled it.
What they do know, however, is that these religious roles afforded the women who occupied them a certain amount of economic autonomy.
The palatial structures at Mycenae, Tiryns and Pylos were erected on the summits of hills or rocky outcrops, dominating the immediate surroundings.
A substantial building at Dimini in Thessaly, possibly ancient Iolcos, is believed by a number of archaeologists to be a palace.
The throne was generally found on the right-hand side upon entering the room, while the interior of the megaron was lavishly decorated, flaunting images designed intentionally to demonstrate the political and religious power of the ruler.
Around the megaron a group of courtyards each opened upon several rooms of different dimensions, such as storerooms and workshops, as well as reception halls and living quarters.
Additional common features are shared by the palaces of Pylos, Mycenae and Tiryns; a large court with colonnades lies directly in front of the central megaron, while a second, but smaller, megaron is also found inside these structures.
The principal Mycenaean centers were well-fortified and usually situated on an elevated terrain, like on the acropolis of Athens, Tiryns and Mycenae or on coastal plains, in the case of Gla.
Mycenaean Greeks in general appreciated the symbolism of war as expressed in defensive architecture, reflected by the visual impressiveness of their fortifications.
They were roughly fitted together without the use of mortar or clay to bind them, though smaller hunks of limestone fill the interstices.
At the top it would have been wide enough for a walkway with a narrow protective parapet on the outer edge and with hoop-like crenellations.
Another typical feature of Mycenaean megalithic construction was the use of a relieving triangle above a lintel block—an opening, often triangular, designed to reduce the weight over the lintel.
Cyclopean fortifications were typical of Mycenaean walls, especially at the citadels of Mycenae, Tiryns, Argos, Crisa and Athens, while smaller boulders are found in Midea and large limestone slabs are found at Gla.
The fortification systems also incorporated technical refinements such as secret cisterns, galleries, sally ports and projecting bastions for the protection of gateways.
On the other hand, the palace of Pylos, although a major center of power, paradoxically appears to have been left without any defensive walls.
Mycenaean domestic architecture originates mainly from earlier Middle Helladic traditions (c. 2000–1650 BC) both in shape, as well as in location of settlement.
The observed uniformity in domestic architecture came probably as a result of a shared past among the communities of the Greek mainland rather than as a consequence of cultural expansion of the Mycenaean Koine.
The military nature of the Mycenaean Greeks is evident from the numerous weapons unearthed, the use of warrior and combat representations in contemporary art, and the preserved Greek Linear B records.
The Mycenaeans invested in the development of military infrastructure, with military production and logistics being supervised directly from the palatial centers.
Later in the 13th century BC, Mycenaean warfare underwent major changes both in tactics and weaponry and armed units became more uniform and flexible, while weapons became smaller and lighter.
The precise role and contribution of chariots on the battlefield is a matter of dispute due to the lack of sufficient evidence.
It appears that chariots were initially used as fighting vehicles during the 16th to 14th centuries BC, while later, in the 13th century BC, their role was limited to battlefield transport.
The boar's tusk helmet was the most identifiable piece of Mycenaean armor in use from the beginning to the collapse of Mycenaean culture.
A representative piece of Mycenaean armor is the Dendra panoply (c. 1450–1400 BC) which consisted of a cuirass of a complete set of armor made up of several elements of bronze.
During the Late Mycenaean period, smaller types of shields were adopted, either of completely circular shape, or almost circular with a part cut out from their lower edge.
Several important pieces in gold and other metals come from the Gold grave goods at Grave Circles A and B at Mycenae, including the Mask of Agamemnon, Silver Siege Rhyton, Bulls-head rhyton, and gold Nestor's Cup.
The Theseus Ring, found in Athens, is one of the finest of a number of gold signet rings with tiny multi-figure scenes of high quality, many from the princely Grave Circles A and B at Mycenae.
During the Late Mycenaean period (1400–1200 BC), Mycenaean vessels/pottery exhibited similarities spanning a significant area of the Eastern Mediterranean (i.e., from the Levant to Sicily) and possibly reflecting a form of economic and political union centered at Mycenae.
The Mycenaean Greeks produced in large quantities a variety of diversely-styled vessels such as stirrup jars, large bowls, alabastron, krater and stemmed cups (or kylikes) resembling champagne glasses.
Mycenaean drinking vessels such as the stemmed cups contained single decorative motifs such as a shell, an octopus or a flower painted on the side facing away from the drinker.
Other items developed by the Mycenaeans include clay lamps, as well as metallic vessels such as bronze tripod cauldrons (or basins).
The statuary of the period consists for the most part of small terracotta figurines found at almost every Mycenaean site in mainland Greece—in tombs, in settlement debris, and occasionally in cult contexts (Tiryns, Agios Konstantinos on Methana).
The female figurines can be subdivided into three groups which were popular at different periods, as Psi and phi type figurines, the Tau-type.
The earliest are the Phi-type, which look like the Greek letter phi and their arms give the upper body of the figurine a rounded shape.
They are painted with stripes or zigzags in the same manner as the contemporary pottery and presumably made by the same potters.
Their purpose is uncertain, but they may have served as both votive objects and toys: some are found in children's graves but the vast majority of fragments are from domestic rubbish deposits.
An important group was found in the Temple at Mycenae together with coiled clay snakes, while others have been found at Tiryns and in the East and West Shrines at Phylakopi on the island of Melos.
The earliest Mycenaean burials were mostly in individual graves in the form of a pit or a stone-lined cist and offerings were limited to pottery and occasional items of jewellery.
Groups of pit or cist graves containing elite members of the community were sometimes covered by a tumulus (mound) in the manner established since the Middle Helladic.
It has been argued that this form dates back to the Kurgan culture; however, Mycenaean burials are in actuality an indigenous development of mainland Greece with the Shaft Graves housing native rulers.
The shaft graves at Mycenae within Grave Circles A and B belonging to the same period represent an alternative manner of grouping elite burials.
Next to the deceased were found full sets of weapons, ornate staffs as well as gold and silver cups and other valuable objects which point to their social rank.
Cremations increased in number over the course of the period, becoming quite numerous in the last phase of the Mycenaean era.
The most impressive tombs of the Mycenaean era are the monumental royal tombs of Mycenae, undoubtedly intended for the royal family of the city.
A total of nine of such tholos tombs are found in the region of Mycenae, while six of them belong to a single period (Late Helladic IIa, c. 1400–1300 BC).
In circa 1600 BC, the Mycenaean Greeks borrowed from the Minoan civilization its syllabic writing system (i.e., Linear A) and developed their own syllabic script known as Linear B.
The Linear B script was utilized by the Mycenaean palaces in Greece for administrative purposes where economic transactions were recorded on clay tablets and some pottery in the Mycenaean dialect of the Greek language.
The Linear B tablets were first discovered in Crete by English archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans c. 1900 and later deciphered by English architect and cryptographer Michael Ventris in 1952.
In the 8th century BC, after the end of the so-called Greek Dark Ages, Greece emerged with a network of myths and legends, the greatest of all being that of the Trojan Epic Cycle.
In general, the Greeks of classical antiquity idealized the Mycenaean period as a glorious period of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth.
The legends of Homer's Epics were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity.
At this time, German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann undertook the first modern archaeological excavations in Greece at the site of Mycenae in 1876.
As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece became major figures of the Olympian Pantheon of later antiquity.
Moreover, the language of the Mycenaeans offers the first written evidence of Greek, while a significant part of the Mycenaean vocabulary can also be found in modern English.
The Mycenaean Greeks were also pioneers in the field of engineering, launching large-scale projects unmatched in Europe until the Roman period, such as fortifications, bridges, culverts, aqueducts, dams and roads suitable for wheeled traffic.
Several Mycenaean attributes and achievements were borrowed or held in high regard in later periods; so, it would be no exaggeration to consider Mycenaean Greece as a cradle of civilization.
The same study also stated that at least three-quarters of DNA of both the Mycenaeans and the Minoans came from the first Neolithic-era farmers that lived in Western Anatolia and the Aegean Sea (Mycenaeans ~74–78%, Minoans ~84–85%) while most of the remainder came from ancient populations related to those of the Caucasus and Iran (Mycenaeans ~8–17%, Minoans ~14–15%).
In the context of ancient Greek art, architecture, and culture, Hellenistic Greece corresponds to the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the classical Greek Achaean League heartlands by the Roman Republic.
This culminated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC, a crushing Roman victory in the Peloponnese that led to the destruction of Corinth and ushered in the period of Roman Greece.
Hellenistic Greece's definitive end was with the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, when the future emperor Augustus defeated Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony, the next year taking over Alexandria, the last great center of Hellenistic Greece.
The Hellenistic period began with the wars of the Diadochi, armed contests among the former generals of Alexander the Great to carve up his empire in Europe, Asia, and North Africa.
The wars lasted until 275 BC, witnessing the fall of both the Argead and Antipatrid dynasties of Macedonia in favor of the Antigonid dynasty.
The era was also marked by successive wars between the Kingdom of Macedonia and its allies against the Aetolian League, Achaean League, and the city-state of Sparta.
During the reign of Philip V of Macedon (r. 221-179 BC), the Macedonians not only lost the Cretan War (205-200 BC) to an alliance led by Rhodes, but their erstwhile alliance with Hannibal of Carthage also entangled them in the First and Second Macedonian War with ancient Rome.
The perceived weakness of Macedonia in the aftermath of these conflicts encouraged Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid Empire to invade mainland Greece, yet his defeat by the Romans at Thermopylae in 191 BC and Magnesia in 190 BC secured Rome's position as the leading military power in the region.
Within roughly two decades after conquering Macedonia in 168 BC and Epirus in 167 BC, the Romans would eventually control the whole of Greece.
Cities such as Pergamon, Ephesus, Rhodes and Seleucia were also important, and increasing urbanisation of the Eastern Mediterranean was characteristic of the time.
It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant.
Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan, where the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the 1st century BC.
The defeat of the Greek cities by Philip and Alexander also taught the Greeks that their city-states could never again be powers in their own right, and that the hegemony of Macedon and its successor states could not be challenged unless the city states united, or at least federated.
The Greeks valued their local independence too much to consider actual unification, but they made several attempts to form federations through which they could hope to reassert their independence.
Following Alexander's death a struggle for power broke out among his generals, which resulted in the break-up of his empire and the establishment of a number of new kingdoms.
Macedon fell to Cassander, son of Alexander's leading general Antipater, who after several years of warfare made himself master of most of the rest of Greece.
Cassander's power was challenged by Antigonus, ruler of Anatolia, who promised the Greek cities that he would restore their freedom if they supported him.
But in 301 BC a coalition of Cassander and the other Hellenistic kings defeated Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus, ending his challenge.
He was defeated by a second coalition of Greek rulers in 285 BC, and mastery of Greece passed to the king Lysimachus of Thrace.
The Macedonian throne then passed to Demetrius's son Antigonus II, who also defeated an invasion of the Greek lands by the Gauls, who at this time were living in the Balkans.
The battle against the Gauls united the Antigonids of Macedon and the Seleucids of Antioch, an alliance which was also directed against the wealthiest Hellenistic power, the Ptolemies of Egypt.
Antigonus II ruled until his death in 239 BC, and his family retained the Macedonian throne until it was abolished by the Romans in 146 BC.
Their control over the Greek city states was intermittent, however, since other rulers, particularly the Ptolemies, subsidised anti-Macedonian parties in Greece to undermine the Antigonids' power.
Antigonus placed a garrison at Corinth, the strategic centre of Greece, but Athens, Rhodes, Pergamum and other Greek states retained substantial independence, and formed the Aetolian League as a means of defending it.
In 267 BC, Ptolemy II persuaded the Greek cities to revolt against Antigonus, in what became the Chremonidian War, after the Athenian leader Chremonides.
The Aetolian League was restricted to the Peloponnese, but on being allowed to gain control of Thebes in 245 BC became a Macedonian ally.
This marked the end of Athens as a political actor, although it remained the largest, wealthiest and most cultivated city in Greece.
In 255 BC, Antigonus defeated the Egyptian fleet at Cos and brought the Aegean islands, except Rhodes, under his rule as well.
In spite of their decreased political power and autonomy, the Greek city state or polis continued to be the basic form of political and social organization in Greece.
During the third century BCE these leagues were able to defend themselves against Macedon and the Aetolian league defeated a Celtic invasion of Greece at Delphi.
After Alexander's death, Athens had been defeated by Antipater in the Lamian War and its port in the Piraeus housed a Macedonian garrison.
To counter the power of Macedon under Cassander, Athens courted alliances with other Hellenistic rulers such as Antigonus I Monophthalmus, and in 307 Antigonus sent his son Demetrius to capture the city.
After Demetrius captured Macedon, Athens became allied with Ptolemaic Egypt in an effort to gain its independence from Demetrius, and with Ptolemaic troops they managed to rebel and defeat Macedon in 287, though the Piraeus remained garrisoned.
Athens rewarded the Ptolemaic Kingdom in 224/223 BC by naming the 13th phyle Ptolemais and establishing a religious cult called the Ptolemaia.
By the turn of the century, the Attalids in Pergamon became patrons and protectors of Athens as the Ptolemaic empire weakened.
Antigonus's son Demetrius II died in 229 BC, leaving a child (Philip V) as king, with the general Antigonus Doson as regent.
Sparta remained hostile to the Achaeans, and in 227 BC Sparta's king Cleomenes III invaded Achaea and seized control of the League.
Aratus preferred distant Macedon to nearby Sparta, and allied himself with Doson, who in 222 BC defeated the Spartans and annexed their city – the first time Sparta had ever been occupied by a foreign power.
Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought conflict between Macedon and the Greek leagues to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.
In 215 BC, however, Philip formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Carthage, which drew Rome directly into Greek affairs for the first time.
Rome promptly lured the Achaean cities away from their nominal loyalty to Philip, and formed alliances with Rhodes and Pergamum, now the strongest power in Asia Minor.
The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC, but Macedon was now marked as an enemy of Rome.
In 202 BC, Rome defeated Carthage, and was free to turn her attention eastwards, urged on by her Greek allies, Rhodes and Pergamum.
In 198 BC, the Second Macedonian War broke out for obscure reasons, but very likely because Rome saw Macedon as a potential ally of the Seleucids, the greatest power in the east.
Philip's allies in Greece deserted him and in 197 BC he was decisively defeated at the Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus.
At the Isthmian Games in 196 BC, Flamininus declared all the Greek cities free, although Roman garrisons were placed at Corinth and Chalcis.
All the cities except Rhodes were enrolled in a new League which Rome ultimately controlled, and democracies were replaced by aristocratic regimes allied to Rome.
Some Greek cities now thought of Antiochus as their saviour from Roman rule, but Macedon threw its lot in with Rome.
During the course of this war Roman troops moved into Asia for the first time, where they defeated Antiochus again at Magnesia on the Sipylum (190 BC).
During the following years Rome was drawn deeper into Greek politics, since the defeated party in any dispute appealed to Rome for help.
When Philip V died in 179 BC, he was succeeded by his son Perseus, who like all the Macedonian kings dreamed of uniting the Greeks under Macedonian rule.
Macedon was now too weak to achieve this objective, but Rome's ally Eumenes II of Pergamum persuaded Rome that Perseus was a potential threat to Rome's position.
Poor generalship by the Romans enabled him to hold out for three years, but in 168 BC the Romans sent Lucius Aemilius Paullus to Greece, and at Pydna the Macedonians were crushingly defeated.
Perseus was captured and taken to Rome, the Macedonian kingdom was broken up into four smaller states, and all the Greek cities who aided her, even rhetorically, were punished.
Under the leadership of an adventurer called Andriscus, Macedon rebelled against Roman rule in 149 BC: as a result it was directly annexed the following year and became a Roman province, the first of the Greek states to suffer this fate.
Roman taxes were imposed, except in Athens and Sparta, and all the cities had to accept rule by Rome's local allies.
In 133 BC, the last king of Pergamum died and left his kingdom to Rome: this brought most of the Aegean peninsula under direct Roman rule as part of the province of Asia.
The final downfall of Greece came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled against Rome, and massacred up to 100,000 Romans and Roman allies across Asia Minor.
When he was driven out of Greece by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Roman vengeance fell upon Greece again, and the Greek cities never recovered.
Nevertheless, Roman rule at least brought an end to warfare, and cities such as Athens, Corinth, Thessaloniki and Patras soon recovered their prosperity.
The Greek peninsula became a Roman protectorate in 146 BC, and the Aegean islands were added to this territory in 133 BC.
The Roman civil wars devastated the land even further, until Augustus organized the peninsula as the province of Achaea in 27 BC.
The Romans sent colonists there and contributed new buildings to its cities, especially in the Agora of Athens, where the Agrippeia of Marcus Agrippa, the Library of Titus Flavius Pantaenus, and the Tower of the Winds, among others, were built.
Life in Greece continued under the Roman Empire much the same as it had previously, and Greek continued to be the lingua franca in the Eastern and most important part of the Empire.
The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the Younger wrote using Greek styles, while famous Romans such as Scipio Africanus, Julius Caesar and Marcus Aurelius compiled works in the Greek language.
Within the city of Rome, Greek was spoken by Roman elites, particularly philosophers, and by lower, working classes such as sailors and merchants.
He was, of course, honored with a victory in every contest, and in 67 he proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks at the Isthmian Games in Corinth, just as Flamininus had over 200 years previously.
The apostle Paul had preached in Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highly Christianized areas of the empire.
During the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, the western Balkans were organized as a Roman diocese, and was ruled by Galerius.
Greece faced invasions from the Heruli, Goths, and Vandals during the reign of Theodosius I. Stilicho, who acted as regent for Arcadius, evacuated Thessaly when the Visigoths invaded in the late 4th century.
Eventually, Alaric and the Goths migrated to Italy, sacked Rome in 410, and built the Visigothic Empire in Iberia and southern France, which lasted until 711 with the advent of the Arabs.
Contrary to outdated visions of late antiquity, the Greek peninsula was most likely one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman and later the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire.
This view of extreme prosperity is widely accepted today, and it is assumed between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, Greece may have been one of the most economically active regions in the eastern Mediterranean.
Events such as the Seljuk invasion of Asia Minor and the Latin occupation of Constantinople gradually focused Byzantine imperial interest to the Greek peninsula during the late Byzantine period.
The Peloponnese in particular continued to prosper economically and intellectually even during its Latin domination, the Byzantine recovery, and until its final fall to the Ottoman Empire.
The Huns and Bulgars raided Greece in 559 until the Byzantine army returned from Italy, where Justinian I had been attempting to capture the heart of the Roman Empire.
According to historical documents, the Slavs invaded and settled in parts of Greece beginning in 579 and Byzantium nearly lost control of the entire peninsula during the 580s.
During the early 7th century, Constans II made the first mass-expulsions of Slavs from the Greek peninsula to the Balkans and central Asia Minor.
Justinian II defeated and destroyed most of the Sclaviniae, and moved as many as 100-200,000 Slavs from the Greek peninsula to Bithynia, while he enlisted some 30,000 Slavs in his army.
The Slavic populations that were placed in these segregated communities were used for military campaigns against the enemies of the Byzantines.
In the Peloponnese, more Slavic invaders brought disorder to the western part of the peninsula, while the eastern part remained firmly under Byzantine domination.
Empress Irene organised a military campaign which liberated those territories and restored Byzantine rule to the region, but it was not until emperor Nicephorus I's resettlement of some rural areas of Peloponnese with Greek-speakers from southern Italy, that the last trace of Slavic element was eliminated.
By this time, the Slavs were no longer a threat to the Byzantines since they had been either defeated numerous times or placed in the Sclaviniae.
The Slavic communities in Bithynia were destroyed by the Byzantines after General Leontios lost to the Arabs in the Battle of Sebastopolis in 692 as a result of the Slavs having defected to the Arab side.
These themes rebelled against the iconoclast emperor Leo III in 727 and attempted to set up their own emperor, although Leo defeated them.
Up to this time Greece and the Aegean were still technically under the ecclesiastic authority of the Pope, but Leo also quarreled with the Papacy and gave these territories to the Patriarch of Constantinople.
He resettled Greek-speaking families from Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula and the Balkans, and expanded the theme of Hellas to the north to include parts of Thessaly and Macedonia, and to the south to include the regained territory of the Peloponnese.
In the late 9th century Leo VI faced also invasions from the Bulgarians under Simeon I, who pillaged Thrace in 896, and again in 919 during Zoe's regency for Constantine VII.
In the late 10th century the greatest threat to Greece was from Samuel, who constantly fought over the area with Basil II.
Basil slowly began to recapture these areas in 991, but Samuel captured the areas around Thessalonica and the Peloponnese again in 997 before being forced to withdraw to Bulgaria.
Basil recaptured these areas by 1002 and had fully subjugated completely the Bulgarians in the decade before his death (see Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria).
There was an important aristocratic class from these themes, especially the Macedonian emperors who ruled the empire from 867 to 1056.
Greece and the empire as a whole faced a new threat from the Normans of Sicily in the late 11th century.
Robert Guiscard took Dyrrhachium and Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083.
In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth.
In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held.
Alexius III was forced to pay him off, although the taxes he imposed caused frequent revolts against him, including rebellions in Greece and the Peloponnese.
Also during his reign, the Fourth Crusade attempted to place Alexius IV on the throne, until it eventually invaded and sacked the capital.
Greece was relatively peaceful and prosperous in the 11th and 12th centuries, compared to Anatolia which was being overrun by the Seljuks.
Mainland Greek cities continued to export grain to the capital in order to make up for the land lost to the Seljuks.
The Latin Empire held Constantinople and Thrace, while Greece itself was divided into the Kingdom of Thessalonica, the Principality of Achaea, and the Duchy of Athens.
The Venetians controlled the Duchy of the Archipelago in the Aegean, while the Despotate of Epirus was established as one of the three Byzantine Greek successor states.
By his death in 1282, Michael had taken back the Aegean islands, Thessaly, Epirus, and most of Achaea, including the Crusader fortress of Mystras, which became the seat of a Byzantine despotate.
Charles of Anjou and later his son claimed the throne of the defunct Latin Empire, and threatened Epirus and Greece, but were never able to make any progress there.
By the reign of Andronicus III Palaeologus, beginning in 1328, the empire controlled most of Greece, especially the metropolis of Thessalonica, but very little else.
Greece was mostly used as a battleground during the civil war between John V Palaeologus and John VI Cantacuzenus in the 1340s, and at the same time the Serbs and Ottomans began attacking Greece as well.
The Peloponnese, usually called Morea in this period, was now almost the centre of the empire, and was certainly the most fertile area.
It was a stronghold of Greek Orthodoxy and bitterly opposed attempts by the emperors to unite with the Catholic Church, even though this would have allowed the empire to gain help from the west against the Ottomans.
The Ottomans had begun their conquest of the Balkans and Greece in the late 14th century and early 15th century capturing among others Thessaloniki, Ioannina and Thessaly.
In 1445, Ottoman-occupied Thessaly was recaptured by the future emperor Constantine XI, at the time despot of Mystras, but there was little he could do against most of the other Ottoman territories.
After the fall of Constantinople, the Ottomans also captured Athens by 1458, but left a Byzantine despotate in the Peloponnese until 1460.
The Venetians still controlled Crete, Aegean islands and some cities-ports, but otherwise the Ottomans controlled many regions of Greece except the mountains and heavily forested areas.
The group formed in 1999 and is composed of Jelle Van Dael as the vocalist, (after Evi Goffin left in 2008) and Peter Luts and Jef Martens as record producers (the latter replaced founding member Dave McCullen).
Peter Luts confirmed on Belgian radio in 2008 that Evi Goffin was not returning to the band, after choosing to become a full-time mother.
In February 2003, A&S Productions held a party in Club Carré in Willebroek, Belgium, to celebrate the success of Lasgo and Van Dahl, both in Belgium and abroad.
Every year the European Border Breakers Awards (EBBA) recognize the success of ten emerging artists or groups who reached audiences outside their own countries with their first internationally released album in the past year.
At the MIDEM 2004 music conference in Cannes (France), Lasgo was one of the winners of the European Border Breakers award.
As yet, no title has been announced for the fourth album since lead vocals Jelle has given birth to a baby boy, Kellen.
On September 8, 2014 on the group's official Twitter page, it was announced that the lead singer, Jelle Van Dael, will release a solo single apart from the group.
The band have not released any material since July 2013 as vocalist Jelle is focusing on her solo material and Peter is focused on his DJ career.
The flag of the United Nations was adopted on December 7, 1946, and consists of the official emblem of the United Nations in white on a blue background.
The olive branches are a symbol for peace, and the world map represents all the people and the countries of the world.
The organizers of the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California wanted an insignia that could be made into a pin to identify delegates.
United States Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, Jr. was chairperson of the U.S. delegation, and realized that a temporary design might become the permanent symbol of the United Nations.
He formed a committee headed by Oliver Lundquist that developed a design consisting of a world map surrounded by leaves from a design created by Donal McLaughlin.
The globe used in the original design was an azimuthal projection focused on the North Pole with the United States, the host nation of the conference, at the centre.
The projection that was used cut off portions of the Southern Hemisphere at the latitude of Argentina, which was acceptable at the time, as Argentina was not planned to be an original member of the United Nations.
The new logo was now designed so that the globe is bisected in the centre by the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line.
In 1946, a UNO committee got the task of making a definite design, which was presented December 2, 1946, and adopted by the plenary session of the UNO on December 7, 1946.
The earlier version had the globe 90 degrees turned eastward compared with the present flag, which has the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line forming the vertical diameter.
According to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, the emblem and the flag of the United Nations can be used by the personnel and material of UN peacekeeping missions as a protective sign to prevent attacks during an armed conflict.
Most of the areas which today are within modern Greece's borders were at some point in the past a part of the Ottoman Empire.
Some regions, however, like the Ionian islands, various temporary Venetian possessions of the Stato da Mar, or Mani peninsula in Peloponnese did not become part of the Ottoman administration, although the latter was under Ottoman suzerainty.
The Eastern Roman Empire, the remnant of the ancient Roman Empire which ruled most of the Greek-speaking world for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the sacking of Constantinople by the Latin Crusaders in 1204.
The Serb forces were then led by the King Vukašin of Serbia, the father of Prince Marko and the co-ruler of the last emperor from the Serbian Nemanjic dynasty.
With no further threat by the Serbs and the subsequent Byzantine civil wars, the Ottomans besieged and took Constantinople in 1453 and then advanced southwards into Greece, capturing Athens in 1458.
The Greeks held out in the Peloponnese until 1460, and the Venetians and Genoese clung to some of the islands, but by the early 16th century all of mainland Greece and most of the Aegean islands were in Ottoman hands, excluding several port cities still held by the Venetians (Nafplio, Monemvasia, Parga and Methone the most important of them).
The mountains of Greece were largely untouched, and were a refuge for Greeks who desired to flee Ottoman rule and engage in guerrilla warfare.
The Cyclades islands, in the middle of the Aegean, were officially annexed by the Ottomans in 1579, although they were under vassal status since the 1530s.
The Ionian Islands were never ruled by the Ottomans, with the exception of Kefalonia (from 1479 to 1481 and from 1485 to 1500), and remained under the rule of the Republic of Venice.
It was in the Ionian Islands where modern Greek statehood was born, with the creation of the Republic of the Seven Islands in 1800.
The Greeks with the one hand were given some privileges and freedom; with the other they were exposed to a tyranny deriving from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which the central government had only remote and incomplete control.
The consolidation of Ottoman power in the 15th and 16th centuries rendered the Mediterranean safe for Greek shipping, and Greek shipowners became the maritime carriers of the Empire, making tremendous profits.
After the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Lepanto however, Greek ships often became the target of vicious attacks by Catholic (especially Spanish and Maltese) pirates.
On the other hand, the Phanariots became prominent in the imperial capital of Constantinople as businessmen and diplomats, and the Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarch rose to great power under the Sultan's protection, gaining religious control over the entire Orthodox population of the Empire, Greek, Αlbanian-speaking, Latin-speaking and Slavic.
After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Despotate of the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans.
While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively.
Other areas that remained part of the Venetian Stato da Màr include Nafplio and Monemvasia until 1540, the Duchy of the Archipelago, centered on the islands of Naxos and Paros until 1579, Sifnos until 1617 and Tinos until 1715.
The first entailed Greek intellectuals, such as Basilios Bessarion, Georgius Plethon Gemistos and Marcos Mousouros, migrating to other parts of Western Europe and influencing the advent of the Renaissance (though the large scale migration of Greeks to other parts of Europe, most notably Italian university cities, began far earlier, following the Crusader capture of Constantinople).
The second entailed Greeks leaving the plains of the Greek peninsula and resettling in the mountains, where the rugged landscape made it hard for the Ottomans to establish either military or administrative presence.
During their life-times they served as cavalrymen in the Sultan's army, living well on the proceeds of their estates with the land being tilled largely by peasants.
Many Ottoman timariots were descended from the pre-Ottoman Christian nobility, and shifted their allegiance to the Ottomans following the conquest of the Balkans.
Conversion to Islam was not a requirement, and as late as the fifteenth century many timariots were known to be Christian, although their numbers gradually decreased over time.
The peasantry remained in possession of their own land and their tenure over their plot of land remained hereditary and inalienable.
The Ottomans required that male children from Christian peasant villages be conscripted and enrolled in the corps of Janissaries for military training in the Sultan's army.
With one hand the Turkish regime gave privileges and freedom to its subject people; with the other it imposed a tyranny deriving from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which it exercised only remote and incomplete control.
Heavy burdens of taxation were placed on the Christian population, and many Greeks were reduced to subsistence farming whereas during prior eras the region had been heavily developed and urbanized.
After about 1600, the Ottomans resorted to military rule in parts of Greece, which provoked further resistance, and also led to economic dislocation and accelerated population decline.
The new class of Ottoman landlords reduced the hitherto free Greek farmers to serfdom, leading to depopulation of the plains, and to the flight of many people to the mountains, in order to escape poverty.
The Sultan regarded the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church as the leader of all Orthodox, Greeks or not, within the empire.
The Patriarch was accountable to the Sultan for the good behavior of the Orthodox population, and in exchange he was given wide powers over the Orthodox communities, including the non-Greek Slavic peoples.
This made Orthodox priests, together with the local magnates, called Prokritoi or Dimogerontes, the effective rulers of Greek towns and cities.
The Patriarchate of Constantinople in general remained loyal to the Ottomans against the western threats (as for example during the Dionysios Skylosophos revolt etc) The Orthodox Church assisted greatly in the preservation of the Greek heritage, and adherence to the Greek Orthodox faith became increasingly a mark of Greek nationality.
As a rule, the Ottomans did not require the Greeks to become Muslims, although many did so on a superficial level in order to avert the socioeconomic hardships of Ottoman rule or because of the alleged corruption of the Greek clergy.
The regions of Greece which had the largest concentrations of Ottoman Greek Muslims were Macedonia, notably the Vallaades, neighboring Epirus, and Crete (see Cretan Muslims).
Some Greeks either became New Martyrs, such as Saint Efraim the Neo-Martyr or Saint Demetrios the Neo-martyr while others became Crypto-Christians (Greek Muslims who were secret practitioners of the Greek Orthodox faith) in order to avoid heavy taxes and at the same time express their identity by maintaining their secret ties to the Greek Orthodox Church.
Crypto-Christians officially ran the risk of being killed if they were caught practicing a non-Muslim religion once they converted to Islam.
There were also instances of Greeks from theocratic or Byzantine nobility embracing Islam such as John Tzelepes Komnenos and Misac Palaeologos Pasha.
Bayezid I, according to a Byzantine historian, freely admitted Christians into his society while trying to grow his empire, in the early Ottoman period.
Later, although the Turkish ruler attempted to pacify the local population with a restoration of peacetime rule of law, the Christian population also became subject to special taxes and the tribute of Christian children to the Ottoman state to feed the ranks of the Janissary corps.
t Violent persecutions of Christians did nevertheless take place under the reign of Selim I (1512-1520), known as Selim the Grim, who attempted to stamp out Christianity from the Ottoman Empire.
Selim ordered the confiscation of all Christian churches, and while this order was later rescinded, Christians were heavily persecuted during his era.
Greeks paid a land tax and a heavy tax on trade, the latter taking advantage of the wealthy Greeks to fill the state coffers.
Failure to pay the jizya could result in the pledge of protection of the Christian's life and property becoming void, facing the alternatives of conversion; enslavement or death.
Like in the rest of the Ottoman Empire, Greeks had to carry a receipt certifying their payment of jizya at all times or be subject to imprisonment.
Most Greeks did not have to serve in the Sultan's army, but the young boys that were taken away and converted to Islam were made to serve in the Ottoman military.
Nevertheless, entrance into the corps (accompanied by conversion to Islam) offered Greek boys the opportunity to advance as high as governor or even Grand Vizier.
For example, in 1705 an Ottoman official was sent from Naoussa in Macedonia to search and conscript new Janissaries and was killed by Greek rebels who resisted the burden of the devshirmeh.
In some cases, it was greatly feared as Greek families would often have to relinquish their own sons who would convert and return later as their oppressors.
In other cases, the families bribed the officers to ensure that their children got a better life as a government officer.
Klephtic songs (Greek: Κλέφτικα τραγούδια), or ballads, are a subgenre of the Greek folk music genre and are thematically oriented on the life of the klephts.
The new class of Ottoman landlords reduced the hitherto free Greek peasants to serfdom, leading to further poverty and depopulation in the plains.
On the other hand, the position of educated and privileged Greeks within the Ottoman Empire improved greatly in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Their travels to Western Europe as merchants or diplomats brought them into contact with advanced ideas of liberalism and nationalism, and it was among the Phanariotes that the modern Greek nationalist movement was born.
Many Greek merchants and travelers were influenced by the ideas of the French revolution and a new Age of Greek Enlightenment was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century in many Ottoman-ruled Greek cities and towns.
Greek nationalism was also stimulated by agents of Catherine the Great, the Orthodox ruler of the Russian Empire, who hoped to acquire Ottoman territory, including Constantinople itself, by inciting a Christian rebellion against the Ottomans.
This, combined with the new ideas let loose by the French Revolution of 1789, began to reconnect the Greeks with the outside world and led to the development of an active nationalist movement, one of the most progressive of the time.
When the French under Napoleon Bonaparte seized Venice in 1797, they also acquired the Ionian Islands, thus ending the four hundredth year of Venetian rule over the Ionian Islands.
Greeks in various places of the Greek peninsula would at times rise up against Ottoman rule, mainly while taking advantage of wars the Ottoman Empire would engage in.
During the Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479), the Maniot Kladas brothers, Krokodelos and Epifani, were leading bands of stratioti on behalf of Venice against the Turks in Southern Peloponnese.
Short-term revolts of local level occurred throughout the region such as the ones led by metropolian bishop Dionysius the Philosopher in Thessaly (1600) and Epirus (1611).
A major uprising during that period was the Orlov Revolt (Greek: Ορλωφικά) which took place during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) and triggered armed unrest in both the Greek mainland and the islands.
In 1778, a Greek fleet of seventy vessels assembled by Lambros Katsonis which harassed the Turkish squadrons in the Aegean sea, captured the island of Kastelorizo and engaged the Turkish fleet in naval battles until 1790.
The members of the organization planned a rebellion with the support of wealthy Greek exile communities in Britain and the United States.
The organization secured Capodistria, who became Russian Foreign Minister after leaving the Ionian Islands, as the leader of the planned revolt.
With the initial advantage of surprise, aided by Ottoman inefficiency and the Ottomans' fight against Ali Pasha of Tepelen, the Greeks succeeded in capturing the Peloponnese and some other areas.
Some of the first Greek actions were taken against unarmed Ottoman settlements, with about 40% of Turkish and Albanian Muslim residents of the Peloponnese killed outright, and the rest fleeing the area or being deported.
Inconclusive fighting between Greeks and Ottomans continued until 1825 when the Sultan sent a powerful fleet and army who were mainly Bedouin and some Sudanese from Egypt under Ibrahim Pasha to suppress the revolution, promising to him the rule of Peloponnese, however they were eventually defeated in the Battle of Navarino in 1827.
The atrocities that accompanied this expedition, together with sympathy aroused by the death of the poet and leading philhellene Lord Byron at Messolongi in 1824, eventually led the Great Powers to intervene.
In October 1827, the British, French and Russian fleets, on the initiative of local commanders, but with the tacit approval of their governments, destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino.
In October 1828, the French landed troops in the Peloponnese to evacuate it from Ibrahim's army, while Russia was since April in war against the Ottomans.
Under their protection, the Greeks were able to reorganize, form a new government and win the Ottomans in the Battle of Petra, final battle of the war.
The final borders were defined during the London Conference of 1832 with northern frontier running from Arta to Volos, and including only Euboia and the Cyclades among the islands.
The Greeks were disappointed at these restricted frontiers, but were in no position to resist the will of Britain, France and Russia, who had contributed mightily to Greek independence.
To prevent further experiments with republican government, the Great Powers, especially Russia, insisted that Greece should be a monarchy, and the Bavarian Prince Otto, was chosen to be its first King.
Marcano has more than 30 years of experience in the media industry and as Vice President of Hispanic Operations East, Marcano works with iHeartMedia's Hispanic radio stations, with a special focus in the Miami, Chicago, Orlando, and Atlanta markets.
He has led the sales efforts with top prospects and develops custom strategies and campaigns that leverage the unique multi-platform reach and power of iHeartMedia.
Mr. Marcano is also responsible for creating innovative advertising opportunities based on iHeartMedia's unmatched national reach and local activation through its radio, digital and mobile assets, as well as its event capabilities, to provide Hispanic advertisers with targeted, effective, affordable and powerful ways to deliver their messages.
It was broadcast in Puerto Rico and in the Miami, New York and Philadelphia metropolitan areas via their respective Univision affiliates.
In 2016, Marcano joins the Board of Directors of Viva Entertainment Group, Inc. Marcano brings a wealth of experience and industry knowledge to the team as the company embarks on a Global rollout of its cutting-edge OTT platform.
Born in Buffalo, New York as Robert Emil Schmidt, he attended Masten Park High School, graduating in the same class as historian Richard Hofstadter.
He started at WGR (AM) but switched from WGR to WBEN's late morning radio slot in 1943, as part of a move which also brought Clint Buehlman's early morning show over from WGR to WBEN at the same time.
WBEN was seeking to break WGR's #1 position in local popularity and shaking the position of network-fed Don McNeil's Breakfast Club's grip on ratings for the 9 am time slot was an important part of the plan.
WBEN first brought Clint Buehlman's popular early morning show, which ended at 9am, followed by 15 minutes of local news, over from WGR.
Within a period of time, Smith had won the #1 spot in late mornings for WBEN and McNeil dropped to second in the Buffalo market.
Smith's popularity in Buffalo won the attention of NBC, which brought him to New York after the war to host early mornings on flagship station WNBC, a post he held through the early 1950s before concentrating on television.
In 1954, Mr. Smith suffered a heart attack and for a time, he did the show from a studio built in the basement of his home in Mount Vernon, New York.
Later, in 1976, Smith reunited with longtime show producer Roger Muir and several of the original cast to produce a new daily syndicated Howdy Doody show.
The shows, organized by producer Burt DuBrow, mixed nostalgia with more contemporary humor, such as Buffalo Bob finding a package of Zig Zags (rolling paper) allegedly belonging to Clarabell.
One show, on April 4, 1971, was recorded and released as an LP, on the Project 3 Total Sound Stereo label.
After his retirement, Smith retired to Henderson County, North Carolina, becoming a member of the Pinecrest Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP) in Flat Rock.
In modern practice, the first dot increases the duration of the basic note by half (the original note with an extra beam) of its original value.
This means that a dotted note is equivalent to writing the basic note tied to a note of half the value – for instance, a dotted half note is equivalent to a half note tied to a quarter note.
If the original note is considered as being of length 1, then a quintuple dot would only be 1/32 longer than the quadruple dotted note.
The difficulty may be seen by comparing dotted notation to tied notation: a quarter note () is equivalent to 2 tied 8th notes (), a dotted quarter = 3 tied 8th notes, double dotted = 7 tied 16th notes (), triple dotted = 15 tied 32nd notes (), and quadruple dotted = 31 tied 64th notes ().
The use of a dot for augmentation of a note dates back at least to the 10th century, although the exact amount of augmentation is disputed; see Neume.
A rhythm using longer notes alternating with shorter notes (whether notated with dots or not) is sometimes called a dotted rhythm.
Even in notation that includes dots, their performed values may be longer than the dot mathematically indicates, a practice known as over-dotting.
If the note to be dotted is on a space, the dot also goes on the space, while if the note is on a line, the dot goes on the space above (this also goes for notes on ledger lines).
The dots on dotted notes, which are located to the right of the note, should not be confused with the dots for staccato articulation, which are located above or below the note.
If the rest is in its normal position, dots are always placed in third staff space from the bottom, as shown in the example below.
70 in D major, but most writers today regard this usage as obsolete and recommend using a tie across the barline instead.
Typically, as in the example to the right, it is followed by a note whose duration is one-quarter the length of the basic note value, completing the next higher note value.
In a French overture (and sometimes other Baroque music), notes written as dotted notes are often interpreted to mean double-dotted notes, and the following note is commensurately shortened; see Historically informed performance.
Use of a triple-dotted note value is not common in the Baroque and Classical periods, but quite common in the music of Richard Wagner and Anton Bruckner, especially in their brass parts.
An example of the use of double- and triple-dotted notes is in Frédéric Chopin's Prelude in G major for piano, Op.
Several times during the piece Chopin asks for the right hand to play a triple-dotted minim (half note), lasting 15 semiquavers, simultaneously with the first left-hand semiquaver, then one semiquaver simultaneously with the 16th left-hand semiquaver.
It lies on the south shore of the Ottawa River about halfway between Downtown Ottawa and Downtown Montreal in United Counties of Prescott and Russell.
Hawkesbury is touted as the third most bilingual town in Ontario, with about 70% of its inhabitants being fluent in English and French, the two official languages of Canada.
Thomas Mears and David Pattee, two Americans, entered into a partnership in 1805 to harness the power of the lower Ottawa River and built the first sawmill on the Upper Canada side of the river.
The mill complex continued to grow for at least the next half century, and by 1870 it included 145 different saws and created over 35 million board feet of lumber per year.
Hawkesbury has also become the business and service centre of the county of Prescott-Russell, although recently Rockland has become the largest community.
The Grenville Canal on the Quebec side of the Ottawa River opposite Hawkesbury is an important link in the river's transportation system.
New developments today are happening due to baby boomers from Ottawa, Montreal and area purchasing some of the many new condos in town.
Le Carillon is a French-language newspaper that covers Hawkesbury and the Prescott-Russell region and is published by the Edition André Paquette Group.
La/The Tribune Express is a bilingual French/English language newspaper that covers Hawkesbury and the Prescott-Russell region and is published by the Edition André Paquette Group.
Hawkesbury is located along Prescott and Russell County Road 17, a former routing of Highway 17 and the Trans-Canada Highway with connects with Highway 417 eastwards to Montreal.
The Long Sault Interprovincial Bridge between Hawkesbury, Ontario and Grenville, Quebec means that Hawkesbury is within minutes of Highway 50 and Route 148.
The 2006 census found that French was the mother tongue of 77% of the population, while English was the mother tongue of 16%.
According to the 2011 census, the percentage of the population declaring solely French as a mother tongue grew to 78.6% while the proportion of the population declaring solely English as a mother tongue declined to 15.3%.
In parallel to the responses to the census question about ethnocultural ancestries, which are shown below, 1.0% of the population also reported having an Aboriginal identity, while 3.1% reported having a visible minority status (including 2.0% who identified as South Asian).
Single responses: 42.4% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 25.3% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries.
13.4% of respondents gave a single response of French, 1.9% gave a single response of Irish, 1.9% gave a single response of English and 1.1% gave a single response of North American Indian.
The name originated with Saint Joyce (Judoc) (600–668), a Breton prince and hermit and the son of Judicael, king of Brittany.
The process is one of the simplest ways to extract gold, and is popular with geology enthusiasts especially because of its low cost and relative simplicity.
The first recorded instances of placer mining are from ancient Rome, where gold and other precious metals were extracted from streams and mountainsides using sluices and panning.
However, the productivity rate is comparatively smaller compared to other methods such as the rocker box or large extractors, such as those used at the Super Pit gold mine, in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, which has led to panning being largely replaced in the commercial market.
Once a suitable placer deposit is located, some alluvial deposits are scooped into a pan, where they are then gently agitated in water and the gold sinks to the bottom of the pan.
Materials with a low specific gravity are allowed to spill out of the pan, whereas materials with a higher specific gravity sink to the bottom of the sediment during agitation and remain within the pan for examination and collection by the prospector.
These dense materials usually consist primarily of a black, magnetite sand with whatever stones or metal dust that may be found in the deposit that is used for source material.
While an effective method with certain kinds of deposits, and essential for prospecting, even skilled panners can work but a limited amount of material, significantly less than the other methods which have replaced it in larger operation.
In many situations, gold panning usually turns up only minor gold dust that is usually collected as a souvenir in small clear tubes by hobbyists.
Gold pans of various designs have been developed over the years, the common features being a means for trapping the heavy materials during agitation, or for easily removing them at the end of the process.
Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II, a former Army officer and co-owner of several mines, patented several pan designs including designs for use with mercury or dry.
Plastic gold pans resist rust, acid and corrosion, and most are designed with moulded riffles along one side of the pan.
Of the plastic gold pans, green and red ones are usually preferred among prospectors, as both the gold and the black sand stands out in the bottom of the pan, although many also opt for black pans instead to easily identify gold deposits.
Bateas are used in areas where there is less water available for use than with traditional gold pans, such as Mexico and South America, where it was introduced by the Spanish.
Unlike other gold pans, it is rectangular in shape with a concave cross section and is sealed off at one end with the other end open.
In music, a hundred twenty-eighth note or semihemidemisemiquaver or quasihemidemisemiquaver is a note played for of the duration of a whole note.
Since human pitch perception begins at 20 Hz (1200/minute), then a 128th-note tremolo becomes a single pitch in perception at = 37.5 bpm.
One reason that notes with many beams are rare is that, for instance, a thirty-second note at = 50 lasts the same amount of time as a sixteenth note at = 100; every note in a piece may be notated as twice as long but last the same amount of time if the tempo is also doubled.
These five-beamed notes also appear occasionally where a passage is to be performed rapidly, but where the actual tempo is at the discretion of the performer rather than being a strict division of the beat.
In such cases, the aggregate time of the notes may not add up exactly to a full measure, and the phrase may be marked with an odd time division to indicate this.
Herman Gustav Rohde Jr. (February 20, 1921 – June 26, 1992), better known by the ring name Buddy Rogers, was an American professional wrestler.
Rogers was a two-time world champion, holding the top championship in both the NWA and the WWWF, today known as WWE (he was the inaugural WWWF World Heavyweight Champion).
Rogers is one of three men in history to have held both world titles, along with Ric Flair and AJ Styles.
Rogers visited the offices of professional wrestling promoters Ray and Frank Hanley, who gave him his first match on July 4, 1939 against Moe Brazen, which he won.
Rogers would get his first title during his tenure there, winning the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship four times, once from Lou Thesz, beginning a long feud both in and out of the ring.
The first sign of Rogers' impact was his involvement in Sam Muchnick's opposition promotion in St. Louis, Missouri, a major professional wrestling market at the time.
Rogers continued control of the Midwest as a booker and professional wrestler, most notably in Chicago, frequently selling out the 11,000-seat arena.
On June 30, 1961, Rogers took the title from Pat O'Connor in front of 38,622 fans at Comiskey Park, which set a new North American professional wrestling attendance record that stood until the David Von Erich Memorial Parade of Champions in 1984.
However, when O'Connor missed a dropkick and hit his head, Rogers pinned him to win the match and being recognized as the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion.
At the time, Rogers was working at two different jobs in Chicago, but he never walked into work again according to his autobiography.
The first safeguard was formatting the match as a one fall finish, rather than the traditional best two out of three falls.
The second safeguard was his threat to give Rogers' bond away to charity, rather than returning the deposit to the dethroned Rogers.
Every NWA World Heavyweight Champion was required to pay a $25,000 deposit to the NWA Board of Directors, before winning the championship belt.
With the championship on the line, Rogers and Barend isolated Skaaland whom Rogers forced to submit with his figure-four leglock to win the first fall.
The referee was distracted by Valentine trying to get into the ring as Rogers grabbed an unconscious Barend by his hair and back of his trunks and threw him on top of Ellis for the victory.
They defended the championship until March 7, 1963 when they lost to Killer Buddy Austin and The Great Scott on Capitol Wrestling's regular Thursday night television broadcast.
Rogers and Barend split briefly and feuded, but they reunited that summer to defeat Bobo Brazil and Bruno Sammartino in a best two out of three falls tag team match.
After Thesz defeated Rogers for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, Northeast promoters Toots Mondt and Vince McMahon, Sr. withdrew their membership from the NWA and formed the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF, now WWE).
The promoters felt that Thesz was not a strong draw in their territory, therefore the WWWF billed Rogers as their world champion as did Fred Kohler's Chicago promotion from January 25.
Rogers was formally recognized as the first ever WWWF World Heavyweight Champion on April 11, 1963 when promoter and first WWWF President Willie Gilzenberg handed Rogers the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship belt on Washington D.C. television.
Rogers was a top draw, but his reign was ultimately cut short by a mild heart attack which greatly hindered his endurance and in-ring performance.
In an emergency title switch, Rogers put over Bruno Sammartino in a quick 48 second match on May 17, 1963 in Madison Square Garden.
The match had to be kept short for fear of Rogers having a major heart attack and dying in the ring.
After putting over Sammartino, his health problems forced Rogers to wrestle in only a limited number of short singles matches that lasted a minute or two.
He participated in a few tag team matches with partner Handsome Johnny Barend where he spent almost the entire match in his corner on the ring apron while Barend did the wrestling.
However, it was announced that Rogers was retiring and Gorilla Monsoon, who had won a tournament, got the title shot that night.
In 1969, Rogers appeared in 19 quick matches in an Ohio-based promotion called Wrestling Show Classics before he realized his health was not getting better to the point where he could wrestle.
He later moved up to Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Carolinas as a villain manager managing professional wrestlers like Jimmy Snuka, Ken Patera, Gene Anderson, Dewey Robertson and Big John Studd.
Rogers was instrumental in helping turn Jimmy Snuka into a fan favorite, leading to Rogers managing Snuka for his feud with Lou Albano and Ray Stevens.
He would continue to make sporadic appearances in the WWF until 1984, right before the beginning of the Rock 'n' Wrestling era.
Later in the year, Rogers was weakened by a severe broken arm and suffered three strokes, two on the same day.
He had that indefinable something fans responded to, and he was sharp enough to build upon what he had, paying attention to what got a reaction from the fans.
What evolved over several years was the 'Nature Boy', the prototype of the cocky, strutting, sneering, arrogant peroxide blond villain that is almost a tired wrestling cliché today.
All of those moves were in use before Rogers came along, but they were used sparingly; most of the wrestling prior to Rogers' emergence was done on the mat.
Professional wrestlers might talk and converse with interviewers, but Rogers bragged and boasted about how great he was and how pathetic his opponents were.
However, Rogers was not well liked during his prime years because he had a habit of taking advantage of opponents in the ring.
Although he was viewed as a villain in most areas during most of his career, Rogers was always a fan favorite in cities throughout Ohio.
This was probably due to his appearances for many years with the Al Haft Promotion who had their offices in Columbus.
Rogers had one of the longest consistent top drawing periods of any main eventer (15 years) and the ability to draw in several different territories successfully.
Even using Rogers' own signature move the figure-four leglock as his own, Flair even went as far as doing his own variation of the Rogers strut as well.
The graphics accelerator consists of 3.5 million transistors built on a 350 nm fabrication process and is clocked at 100 MHz.
It is specified to output pixels at a rate of 100 million per second and 25-pixel triangles at 1.5 million per second.
The ability to build a system with just one graphics card, and still have it be feature-complete for the time, made the RIVA 128 a lower-cost high-performance solution.
Nvidia equipped the RIVA 128 with 4 MiB of SGRAM, a new memory technology for the time, clocked at 100 MHz and connected to the graphics processor via a 128-bit memory bus.
The memory was used in a unified memory architecture that shared the whole RAM pool with both framebuffer and texture storage.
The main benefit of this, over a split design such as that on Voodoo Graphics and Voodoo², was support for 3D resolutions of 800×600 and 960×720, higher than Voodoo's 640×480.
The RIVA 128 was one of the early AGP 2X parts, giving it some more marketing headroom by being on the forefront of interface technology.
Nvidia designed the RIVA 128 with a maximum memory capacity of 4 MiB because, at the time, this was the cost-optimal approach for a consumer 3D accelerator.
This was the case partly because of the chip's capability to store textures in off-screen system RAM in both PCI or AGP configurations.
At the time of the RIVA 128's release, 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics had firmly established itself as the 3D hardware benchmark against which all newcomers were compared.
While this improves visual quality and performance in games without mipmaps, it also caused unforeseen problems because it forced games to render in a way that they were not programmed for.
But, while it did not blur textures as much as Voodoo, it did instead add some light noise to textures, because of a lower-fidelity filtering algorithm.
In addition, because the RIVA 128 can render at resolutions higher than 640×480, the card can offer quality superior to that of Voodoo Graphics, as shown in the above Quake II screenshot.
The final drivers released for the RIVA 128 support per-pixel mipmapping, full-scene anti-aliasing (supersampling), and a number of options to fine-tune features in order to optimize quality and performance.
With RIVA 128, Nvidia began their quest for top-quality OpenGL support, eventually resulting in the board being a capable OpenGL performer.
Like the competing ATI Rage Pro, RIVA 128 was never able to accelerate the popular Unreal Engine in Direct3D mode due to missing hardware features.
It was, however, possible to use the engine's OpenGL renderer, but unfortunately OpenGL support was quite slow and buggy in the original Unreal Engine.
Performance in Quake III Arena, a game using an engine more advanced than Unreal Engine 1, was better due to the engine having been designed for OpenGL.
A beta driver with OpenGL support was once leaked by Nvidia but was canceled later, and there is no Windows 2000 driver for RIVA 128 on Nvidia's driver site today.
RIVA 128's 2D capability was seen as impressive for its time and was competitive with even high-end 2D-only graphics cards in both quality and performance.
Theodore Davie (Brixton, London March 22, 1852 – March 7, 1898 Victoria, British Columbia) was a British Columbia lawyer, politician, and jurist.
The Davie government also approved the construction of the province's parliament buildings in Victoria despite pressure to move the capital to the mainland.
Davie served as premier until 1895 when he resigned to become Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia succeeding the province's first Chief Justice, Sir Matthew Baillie Begbie.
He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1978), and a Master's degree from Stanford University (1980).
It was released in mid-1998 and cemented Nvidia's reputation as a worthy rival within the developing consumer 3D graphics adapter industry.
The TNT was designed as a follow up to the RIVA 128 and a response to 3Dfx's introduction of the Voodoo2.
Unlike the Voodoo2 (but like the slower Matrox G200) it also added support for a 32-bit (truecolor) pixel format, 24-bit Z-buffer in 3D mode, an 8-bit stencil buffer and support for 1024×1024 pixel textures.
Improved mipmapping and texture filtering techniques, including newly added support for trilinear filtering, dramatically improved quality compared to the TNT's predecessor.
The TNT shipped later than originally planned, ran quite hot, and was clocked lower than Nvidia had planned at 90 MHz instead of 110 MHz.
Originally planned specifications should have placed the card ahead of Voodoo2 in theoretical performance for Direct3D applications, but at 90 MHz it did not quite match the Voodoo2.
At the time, most games supported 3dfx's proprietary Glide API which gave the Voodoo2 a large advantage in speed and image quality, and some games only used the Glide API for 3D acceleration, leaving TNT users no better off than people who didn't have a 3D accelerator.
The 3dfx MiniGL driver was not a fully featured OpenGL driver, but a wrapper that mapped certain OpenGL functions to their equivalents in Glide, and was able to attain a speed advantage because of that.
Later on when fully featured OpenGL drivers were made for the 3dfx line of cards, it was noticed that it was much slower when compared to its cut down MiniGL brother.
The TNT had 32-bit color support while the Voodoo2 only supported 16-bit (although internally dithered down from 24-bit color, beating the TNT in 16bit quality).
After all, unlike the rest of the competition, Nvidia had come close to the Voodoo2 in performance in some games, and beaten it in 32bit image quality.
In what would become standard industry practice on a massive scale in later years, Nvidia released a budget version of TNT called Vanta.
This board used the same TNT chip but lowered its clock speed and halved both memory data bus width (to 64-bit) and memory size (to 16 MiB).
By doing this, Nvidia was able to still sell TNT chips that couldn't reach the TNT's specified clock speeds, a practice known as binning, and cut board costs significantly by using a narrower bus and less RAM.
TNT itself was used on several popular cards, such as the Diamond Viper V550 and STB Velocity 4400, both of which managed OEM wins with the likes of Dell and Gateway, among others.
Nvidia's driver development with TNT was the beginning of their notably aggressive efforts to maintain the best set of drivers possible.
While the TNT had always performed well on Intel based systems, it previously lagged behind in terms of performance on then current AMD based systems.
The Okapi Wildlife Reserve is a World Heritage Site in the Ituri Forest in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, near the borders with South Sudan and Uganda.
The reserve has over 300 species of bird, and is one of the most important sites for bird conservation in mainland Africa.
The project continues to support the reserve by training and equipping wildlife guards and by providing assistance to improve the lives of neighboring communities.
The main threats to the reserve are deforestation, primarily caused by slash and burn agriculture, and commercial hunting for the sale of bush meat.
As of 2005, the fighting in the eastern part of the country moved within the boundaries of the Reserve, causing its staff to flee or be evacuated.
While the native Mbuti and Bantu peoples traditionally respect the forest and its wildlife, immigrants into the area do not feel the same connection to the land.
Lack of funding due to the poor political and economic conditions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has also been problematic.
This facility dates back to 1928 when the camp was founded by American anthropologist Patrick Putnam as a capture station, where wild okapis were captured and sent to American and European zoos.
In 2012 a rebel attack left the center's captive okapis dead and it was decided to focus exclusively (at least as long as there were security concerns) on preserving the wild okapis in the reserve.
During the attack, 13 of the 14 okapis at the center were killed (the last died later of injuries sustained during the attack) and six people, including two wildlife rangers, were also killed.
In early August, the security situation had improved due to Congolese army troops and guards from the Congolese Wildlife Authority, and preparations for repairs of the center had begun.
Foreign journalists (two British and an American) and several local park rangers escaped unharmed, but five local reserve employees (four wardens and a tracker) were killed.
The Whopper is the signature sandwich and an associated product line sold by international fast food restaurant chain Burger King and its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's.
Due to its position in the marketplace, the Whopper has prompted Burger King's competitors to try to develop similar products designed to compete against it.
The Whopper was created in 1957 by Burger King co-founder James McLamore and originally sold for 37¢ (equivalent to US$3.26 in 2017).
McLamore created the burger after he noticed that a rival restaurant in Gainesville, Florida was succeeding by selling a larger burger.
Major fast food chains did not release a similar product, until the McDonald's Quarter Pounder and the Burger Chef Big Shef in the early 1970s.
Initially, the sandwich was made with a plain bun; however, that changed when the company switched to a sesame-seeded bun around 1970.
The Whopper reverted to its previous size in 1987 when a new management team took over the company and reverted many of the changes initiated prior to 1985.
In 1994, the Whopper sandwich's Kaiser roll reverted to a sesame seed bun, eliminating the last trace of the sandwich's 1985 reconfiguration.
Unlike McDonald's, the company never used the clamshell style box made of Styrofoam, so when the environmental concerns over Styrofoam came to a head in the late-1980s, the company was able to tout its use of paperboard boxes for its sandwiches.
To cut back on the amount of paper that the company used, the paperboard box was fully eliminated in 1991 and was replaced with waxed paper.
For a short time in 2002, the company used a gold-toned, aluminum foil wrapping for the sandwich as part of the 45th anniversary of the sandwich.
The packaging was changed again in 2012 when the company moved to half wrapped sandwich packaged in a paperboard box, marking a return to the paperboard box for its packaging since 1991.
The Whopper Jr was created, by accident, in 1963 by Luis Arenas-Pérez (aka Luis Arenas), the only Latino in the Burger King Hall of Fame and president and CEO of Burger King in Puerto Rico.
Upon the opening of the first Burger King restaurant in Carolina, Puerto Rico, the molds for the (standard) Whopper buns had not yet arrived to Puerto Rico from the United States mainland and thus there were no buns to make and sell the company's flagship Whopper offering.
Wendy's created the Big Classic with similar toppings but served on a bulkie roll, while McDonald's has created at least six different versions, including the McDLT, the Arch Deluxe, and the Big N' Tasty.
The Whopper is a hamburger consisting of a flame-grilled beef patty, sesame seed bun, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, ketchup, and sliced onion.
It is available with one, two or three beef patties and in a smaller version called the Whopper Jr, or without meat in a version called the Veggie Whopper.
With the addition of hot dogs to the company's menu in February 2016, Burger King began testing its first major variant called the Whopper Dog in May of the same year across various regions within the United States.
There are localized versions of the Whopper in several of its international operations, such as the teriyaki Whopper in Japan or the LTO Canadian Whopper.
Following its entry in India, to accommodate cultural taboos of India related to beef, the chain has eliminated beef Whopper from its menu and instead introduced mutton Whopper, veggie Whopper, and the chicken Whopper.
Due to its success in selling 6,000 sandwiches within the first four days, Burger King decided to extend the promotion period an extra nine days, ending on 6 November.
The Pizza Burger is a burger sold exclusively at the BK Whopper Bar location in Times Square, New York City that was introduced in September 2010.
It consists of four Whopper patties on a 9.5 inch sesame bun, sliced into six pieces and topped with pepperoni, mozzarella, basil pesto and marinara sauce.
The whole burger contains more than the recommended daily allowance of calories for men at 2,520 calories, with 144 grams of fat, 59g of which is saturated, and 3,780 mg of sodium, more than double the recommended daily allowance for adults.
However, according to Burger King's Vice President of global marketing, John Schaufelberger, the burger is not intended to feed just one person.
A variation called the Angriest Whopper debuted in 2016; The new variant added a red bun with hot pepper sauce baked into the roll.
The Angriest Whopper followed a similar sandwich, the A1 Halloween Whopper released for Halloween 2015, which was prepared with black-colored, smoke-flavored buns.
The Angry Whopper was released with a viral marketing push created by Burger King's advertising agency at the time, Crispin Porter + Bogusky.
The second part consisted of a Facebook-oriented program where the company would issue a coupon for a free sandwich if the consumer would de-friend 10 people on their Facebook page.
The Angriest Whopper was pitched using advertising similar to trailers for movie sequels, with a movie trailer-style opening screen, shots of lava, a helicopter and flames.
The Whopperito is a burrito containing all the ingredients of the Whopper except ketchup, mayonnaise, or mustard, which are replaced with queso sauce.
It was first introduced at select locations in Pennsylvania in June 2016, and was rolled out throughout the United States the following August.
In the Philippines, notable variants of the Whopper include the 3-Meat Whopper which contains three different kinds of meat - bacon, pepperoni and the beef patty itself as well as another variant, the Meat Beast Whopper which included ham, and the 4-Cheese Whopper which contains four different types of cheese - Swiss, American, mozzarella and cheese sauce.
For a limited time, the Bacon 4-Cheese Whopper and Cheetos 4-Cheese Crunch were made available which included bacon and Cheetos, respectively.
As part of the 45th anniversary of the Whopper sandwich in 2002, Burger King introduced a grilled chicken version of the sandwich called the Chicken Whopper and added a smaller Chicken Whopper Jr. sandwich along with a new Caesar salad sandwich topped with a Chicken Whopper patty.
The introduction of the Chicken Whopper represented the company's first move to extend the Whopper brand name beyond beef based sandwiches since the original Whopper's introduction in the 1950s.
The sandwiches featured a whole chicken breast filet, weighing either for the larger sandwich or a for the Jr., mayonnaise, lettuce, and tomato on a sesame seed roll.
Along with the company's new BK Veggie sandwich, The Chicken Whopper Jr. version of the sandwich was lauded by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) as being one of the best nutritionally sound products sold by a fast food chain.
After an overall sales decline of 17% coupled with a profit decline of 29%, Burger King held a series of consumer tests that showed the company's customer base was looking for a wider variety of options when making purchases.
Furthermore, the company was seeking to counter the threat to its sales by newer fast casual restaurants that had begun to bite into sales.
By July 2002, the chain had sold nearly fifty million of the sandwiches, eventually displacing the BK Broiler's initial launch figures as the company's best selling product introduction.
Despite the Chicken Whopper's initial success, just over a year after its introduction, enthusiasm for the product was waning; Burger King's largest franchisee, Carrols Corporation, was complaining that the product line was a failure, describing the sandwich as a pedestrian product with a great name.
The television commercials featured a fictional character named Herb, who was described as a nerd who had never eaten a Burger King burger in his life.
The promotion was poorly received by both franchises and the public, and its failure prompted Burger King to drop JWT in 1987.
The unit, similar to a harmonica holder, was supposed to be introduced in Puerto Rico to celebrate the company's 50th anniversary.
A 2007 advertising campaign celebrating the golden anniversary of the Whopper showed real customers in Las Vegas reacting to the false news the Whopper has been discontinued.
The test claimed to target participants who were unaware of the existence of Burger King or McDonald's, and had never eaten a hamburger.
A social media based promotion from Crispin Porter + Bogusky in 2009 gave a free Whopper coupon for every 10 friends on Facebook a user would drop.
The promotion had an image of a Whopper on channel 111, and for every 5 minutes the image remained on the TV a free Whopper coupon would be sent to the subscriber.
After parting ways with Crispin Porter + Bogusky in 2011, the company hired the firm of McGarryBowen to handle its advertising.
McGarry Bowen changed the direction of the advertisements so that they centered on the ingredients of the products instead of humor.
The new television spot had no words, only images of the ingredients for the sandwich being prepared and used to assemble the new sandwich accompanied by a pulsating soundtrack.
Several of CP+B's advertising programs for Burger King, including ones for the Whopper, drew criticism from groups for perceived cultural insensitivity or misogynistic themes within them.
This has been the source of some controversy, as the commercial has been described as demeaning to male vegetarians/vegans, as well as misogynistic.
The Texican Whopper was an LTO version of the Whopper sold in Europe and was advertised with an ad that featured a pair of actors dressed as a cowboy and a lucha libre wrestler.
Additionally, the print version of the advertisement featured the wrestler wearing a cape that appeared to be a Mexican flag, a violation of Mexican laws governing the usage of its national banner.
However, major Russian broadcasters rejected the ad due to concerns over its possible insinuation that the Whopper was better than drugs, as red poppies are in the same plant family as the source of heroin.
The company refused to comment of the veracity of the networks' claims, and instead posted the advertisement on its YouTube channel, eventually pulling it from that service as well.
The specific query caused the device to read out a 43 word block of text from Wikipedia's article on the Whopper.
Soon after the text became the target of vandals, Google blacklisted the advertisement's audio so that it would not trigger the always-on voice detection.
Whopper Bars are smaller footprint, specialized stores with a menu limited to the company's Whopper, crispy chicken sandwich and grilled chicken sandwich sandwiches; drinks; and desserts.
The concept is similar to the McCafe concept from rival McDonald's, and like the McCafe locations they are designed to go into airports, casinos, and other areas with limited amounts of space.
The menu at the Whopper Bar features as many as 10 variants on the Whopper, including the Western Whopper, the Texas Double Whopper and the Angry Whopper.
Additionally, a customization section allows the customer to have a personalized Whopper made with ingredients such as jalapeño peppers, steak sauce or blue cheese.
The open station differs from the company's usual kitchen model in that it is in plain sight of the customer instead of being located in the back-end of the store.
Additionally, the company sells beer at the Whopper Bar locations, including Budweiser, Bud Light, and Miller Lite in aluminum bottles designed to maintain temperature.
The move, designed to target the important 30-and-under demographic, has been called risky by industry analysts because the company is known as a fast food purveyor and not as an alcoholic beverages seller.
Other industry consultants have disagreed with the assessment, believing that the move is timely because the company is growing with its aging customer base.
The Whopper at per sandwich has more calories than McDonald's Big Mac at per sandwich, but is larger – vs. .
When Burger King expanded into the San Antonio area, it was prevented from utilizing the name Whopper in its local advertising and stores due to a prior state-registered service mark owned by a local chain known as Whopper Burger.
The chain, owned by Frank and Barbara Bates, prevented the company from using the name in Bexar County for several years until Mrs. Bates, who became the CEO of Whopper Burger after the death of her husband in 1983, retired and sold the chain with its related trademarks to then-corporate parent Pillsbury in the mid-1980s.
Mad Libs is a phrasal template word game where one player prompts others for a list of words to substitute for blanks in a story before reading the – often comical or nonsensical – story aloud.
No name was chosen until five years later (1958), when Stern and Price were eating eggs Benedict at a restaurant in New York City.
One player asks the other players, in turn, to contribute a word of the specified type for each blank, but without revealing the context for that word.
The Pretty Things guitarist Dick Taylor, who was looking for a new venture after leaving the band, was pulled into Hawkwind playing some gigs and producing this album.
After several unsuccessful attempts to capture the band's sound in the studio, it was decided simply to record it live in the studio.
We started out trying to freak people (trippers), now we are trying to levitate their minds, in a nice way, without acid, and ultimately a completely audio-visual thing.
The cover is a fantasy painting that shows several dragon figures emerging from piles of leaves that also spell out the name of the band.
On the front cover, the dragons are shown with human arms, while the reverse cover shows a dragon's head as an automobile with a driver wearing sunglasses.
The TNT2 core features the same basic dual-pipeline layout as the RIVA TNT, however with a few updates, such as larger 2048x2048 texture support, 32-bit Z-buffer/stencil support, AGP 4X support, up to 32MB of VRAM, and a process shrink from 0.35 μm to 0.25 μm.
It was the process shrink that enabled improved clock speeds (from 90 MHz to 150+ MHz), which is where the substantial performance improvement came from.
This was a distinguishing point for the TNT2, while the Voodoo3 was marketed under the premise of superior speed and game compatibility.
The 3dfx Glide API was still popular at this time, and frequently performed faster and with better image quality than non-vendor locked APIs Direct3D and OpenGL.
The postprocessed nature of the effect also meant that framebuffer captures did not display it, which lead to erroneous claims equating TNT2 16-bit quality to Voodoo3 when in many titles of the day Voodoo3 16-bit quality was closer to TNT2 32-bit quality in practice.
The Voodoo3 and TNT2 also differ in that the Voodoo3 has a single dual-texturing pipeline (1x2), while the TNT2 has two single-texturing pipelines (2x1).
This means that in games which only put a single texture on a polygon face at once, the TNT2 can be more efficient and faster.
One fact that many hardware review sites noted was that the TNT2 could still be outperformed by two 3dfx Voodoo2 running in SLI mode.
In games that supported the Glide API, Voodoo2 SLI setups were able to consistently perform faster and offer better image quality than the TNT2.
It was a TNT2 Ultra card designed to operate at a record-breaking 195 MHz core and similarly impressive 235 MHz RAM.
These glasses made games look as though they were coming out of the screen, and worked with both Direct3D and some OpenGL titles.
The northbridge ALi M1631 with graphic core was commonly paired with a M1535D southbridge and was prepared for the low-cost Socket 370 motherbards.
Robert Moses State Park - Thousand Islands is a state park located on Barnhart Island in the Saint Lawrence River and the adjacent mainland in the Town of Massena in St. Lawrence County, New York.
The park is named after former New York Parks Commissioner Robert Moses, who created many of the state parks in New York.
Robert Moses State Park offers a beach, picnic tables with pavilions, a playground, recreation programs, a nature trail, hiking trails through woods and wetlands, fishing, a boat launch and marina, a campground with tent and trailer sites, cabins, cross-country skiing and snowmobiling, and a food concession.
Visitors may access the portion of the park on Barnhart Island by traveling through a tunnel below the Eisenhower Locks, part of the Saint Lawrence Seaway.
A nature center offers outdoor education opportunities, and is managed by the Friends of the Robert Moses State Park Nature Center, Inc. As of 2015, the nature center is operating out of facilities at the St. Lawrence Center Mall while construction is completed on a new building at park.
The new facility, financed by the New York Power Authority, will replace the former nature center that was destroyed in a March 2010 fire.
Kring Point State Park is a state park located on the St. Lawrence River in the Town of Alexandria in Jefferson County, New York.
The park is north of Alexandria Bay near the St. Lawrence County line and is connected to NY 12 by Kring Point Road.
Open from the last Friday in April through Columbus Day, the park offers a beach, a playground, picnic tables and pavilions, recreation programs, a nature trail, showers, fishing and hunting, a boat launch, a dump station, a campground for tents and trailers, cabins and cross-country skiing.
Through Kaiō-sama, he is able to witness his friends battles on Planet Namek; when Goku is thought to have been killed in the destruction of the Planet Namek after defeating Freeza, Yamcha relays the information to everyone through Bulma.
He is later returned to life from a wish to Porunga and continues to live at Capsule Corp with Bulma and, after the two finally end their relationship, she and Vegeta enter a long-term relationship.
He is revived by a Senzu bean and takes the heart-diseased Goku home to get his medicine after the Super Saiyan loses to #19.
Yamcha later joins the others in the Cell Games and teams up with Tien Shinhan to protect the weakened Goku from the Cell Juniors, before losing to them.
Following Cell's defeat at the hands of Son Gohan and Goku's death, Yamcha and the others return to their peaceful lives.
In the alternate timeline of the Cell arc, like most of the heroes, Yamcha was killed in the encounter with the Androids.
Yamcha is later killed again when Majin Buu turns him into chocolate and eats him, along with Krillin, Bulma, and the other allies.
He can fully control the ball, allowing it to home in on enemies and to go underground for a surprise attack.
He trains as Yamcha to make him the strongest warrior, having known what happens to him later in the manga against the Saiyans.
When younger fans would belittle the character as weak, Krillin's voice actress Mayumi Tanaka said she would explain to them that Krillin and Yamcha are the strongest earthlings, the other characters are all aliens.
He also praised the revealing of him mastering the Spirit Ball technique and also him being the first one who realized that he should cut Goku's tail to stop Goku in ape form.
Furuya, the character's voice actor, designates Yamcha as one of the characters by whom he was inspired to create his music, as well as one of the top six favorite characters he voiced.
Rebecca Bundy of Anime News Network takes note of resemblance of scars between Yamcha and Kenshin Himura, but also observes that their meaning is quite different.
The first was the way Yamcha was murdered by a Saibaman despite his constant training during the Saiyan Arc which made him a supporting character in following arcs.
The second time he was shocked with Yamcha's development was when it was the revealed when the characters Trunks was Bulma's and Vegeta's child from the future despite the fact that Yamcha and Bulma were often in a relationship and Yamcha was turned into a cheater to cause such change.
Ovadia Yosef (, ; September 24, 1920 – October 7, 2013) was an Iraqi-born Talmudic scholar, a posek, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1973 to 1983, and the founder and long-time spiritual leader of Israel's ultra-Orthodox Shas party.
Yosef was born in Baghdad, Ottoman Iraq, on September 24, 1920 (or in 1918) to Yaakov Ben Ovadia and his wife, Gorgia.
He learned in Talmud Torah B'nei Zion in the Bukharim quarter, where his passion and skill for Torah study was apparent.
He had told the youth that he had found a substitute worker who would work without pay, and sent him back to yeshiva.
In the course of giving this shiur, Yosef dissented many times with the stringent opinions of the Ben Ish Hai, who preferred the rulings of the Ari zal over Yosef Karo.
This was a defining moment for Yosef, who had found a podium to give air to his opinions, while simultaneously learning how to deal with the negative feedback he was receiving from many in his audience, especially from his fellow Iraqi Jews.
He became a long-time friend of several members of his class who went on to prominent leadership positions in the Sephardi world, such as Rabbi Ben Zion Abba Shaul, Rabbi Baruch Ben Haim, Rabbi Yehuda Moallem and Rabbi Zion Levy.
In 1947, Yosef was invited to Cairo by Rabbi Aharon Choueka, the founder of yeshiva 'Ahavah VeAchvah', to teach in his yeshiva.
One of the major Halachic issues was the lack of any organised system of Kashrut, which led to conflict between him and other members of the community.
His boldness as a posek was already revealed in his first term as a dayan when, at the age of 30, he wrote a Halachic ruling favoring Yibbum over Halitza, which contradicted a religious ruling made by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel a year earlier, which had forbidden Yibbum.
The book won much praise, and received the approval of the two Chief Rabbis of Israel at the time, Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel and Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog.
This Yeshiva (which did not remain open for long) was the first of many which he established, later with the help of his sons, in order to facilitate Torah education for Sephardic Jews, in order to provide leadership for the community in future generations.
He was then appointed to the Supreme Rabbinical Court of Appeals in Jerusalem, eventually becoming the Chief Sephardic Rabbi of Tel Aviv in 1968, a position which he held until his election as Chief Sephardic Rabbi of Israel in 1973.
In 1973, Yosef was elected Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel by a majority vote of 81 to 68, replacing Yitzhak Nissim.
His candidacy was criticised by some, as he was competing against an incumbent Chief Rabbi for the first time in the history of that office.
The election process was characterised by tension and political controversy because of the Psak Din of the Brother and Sister, and due to the tense relations between Yosef and Nissim.
In the same election, Rabbi Shlomo Goren was chosen as the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel, the relationship with whom would prove to be difficult.
The Council of the Chief Rabbinate was controlled by Goren, and for some time thereafter Yosef decided that there would be no point in attending its sessions.
In April 2005, Israeli security services arrested three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), who had been observing Yosef in public and held on the suspicion of intended murder.
One, Musa Darwish, was convicted on December 15, 2005, of Yossef's attempted murder, and of throwing firebombs at vehicles on the Jerusalem-Ma'aleh Adumim road.
When Yosef was 24, he married Margalit Fattal (1927–1994), born in Syria, daughter of Rabbi Avraham HaLevi Fattal, when she was 17.
He remained an active public figure in political and religious life in his capacity as the spiritual leader of the Shas political party, and through his regular weekly sermons.
On January 13, 2013, Yosef collapsed during Shacharit at his synagogue in Har Nof, Jerusalem and was having difficulty using his left hand.
After he was seen by a physician in his home, he was hospitalized at Hadassah Medical Center after suffering what was believed to be a minor stroke.
Two days after undergoing surgery for the implantation of a pacemaker on September 22, Yosef was sedated and placed on a respirator.
Some religious authorities have stated that this was, perhaps, the largest in-gathering of Jews since the days of the Second Temple.
Security guards were also posted at the cemetery, where Yosef's grave quickly became a pilgrimage site for thousands of men and women.
On a social level, it is widely viewed as a call to pursue a political agenda that will restore the pride of the Mizrahi Jews (Jews from the Middle East) in Israeli society, which historically suffered from discrimination, and were generally of a lower socio-economic status than their Ashkenazi counterparts.
It is widely agreed by Rabbis and secular researchers alike that the 'crown' of the metaphor refers to the halakhic supremacy which Yosef attaches to the rulings of Rabbi Yosef Karo.
According to Yosef's approach, Karo is crowned as the Mara D'atra of the Land of Israel, and thus all Jews living within his realm of authority should be bound by his rulings.
Ideally, all Jews of the Land of Israel should be bound by Karo's rulings, but practicality dictates that first all of the Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews should unite under them first.
Tzvi Zohar argues that Yosef adopts a melting pot approach, in that he seeks to unify the traditions of all Jews in Israel, Sephardic and Ashkenazi alike.
Zohar claims that Yosef's main distinction is not between Ashkenazim and Sephardim, but between the Land of Israel and the Diaspora.
In his view, Yosef seeks to apply the rulings of Karo on the entire Land of Israel, but not necessarily outside of it.
He compares between Yosef and religious reformers such as Martin Luther and Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, and claims that Yosef has adopted a religious restorative-reformist worldview.
Specifically, he argues that Yosef's halakhic approach is not, as Yosef attempts to portray it, a return to a traditional form of Sephardic ruling, but rather an innovative formulation of a particular Sephardic approach to Halakha which Yosef himself fashioned.
According to Lau, Yosef claims that all Sephardic Jews accepted the rulings of Karo as binding in the Diaspora, but over time deviated from them.
Presently, upon their return to the Land of Israel where Karo is the Mara D'atra, they should return to adhering to his rulings.
Thus, Lau believes that Yosef directs his rulings only at Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, since the Ashkenazi Jews never accepted upon themselves the rulings of Karo.
Lau views Yosef as operating on two fronts: the first against the Ashkenazi leadership which seeks to apply Ashkenazi rulings and customs to the Sephardim, and the second against the Sephardic and Mizrahi communities themselves, in demanding that they unite under the rulings of Karo.
In any case, it is agreed that alongside the conservative aspects of his approach to Halacha, there are also significant reforms: his preference for the rulings of Karo, and his preference for leniency over chumra.
In Yosef's opinion, the severity of Ashkenazi poskim results from their method of teaching, and a lack of familiarity with the Mishnah, Talmud and poskim.
Following this principle of leniency Yosef made a number of Halakhic rulings which are significantly more lenient than those made by his Ashkenazi Haredi counterparts.
This is evident in a number of his rulings: providing kashrut certification to a restaurant that serves milk and meat; the slaughter of a chicken where there is a concern of it being trefa; and the wearing of pants by women.
Yosef applied a policy of turning a blind eye to deviations from the halakha in circumstances where, if strict adherence to the halakha were required, it is likely that it would not be followed at all.
Examples of this include the recital of the priestly benediction by Kohanim who do not have a religious lifestyle, and a shaliach tzibur or person performing a Torah reading who shaves with a razor.
Specifically, he emphasizes that the Sephardic system of learning, which emphasizes learning Halakha in depth, is superior to the common approach in many Ashkenazi schools, which relies on deep analysis of gemara employing pilpul, without reaching to the halakhic conclusions.
This preference is based upon his support for ruling halakha on practical contemporary issues rather than ruling halakha as a purely theoretical pursuit.
According to Yosef, the preoccupation with pilpul at the expense of learning halakha in depth causes lack of knowledge among Ashkenazi poskim, which in turn leads to unnecessary severity in making halakhic rulings, since the Posek is unaware of lenient rulings and approaches to Halakha used by previous Rabbis upon which the Posek could rely to rule leniently.
Yosef was sometimes willing to accept rulings which rely on the rulings of the Ari zal, provided that these do not contradict rulings by Karo.
This position is contrary to many (but not all) traditional long-standing Sephardic rulings on Halakha, including by many Sephardic poskim to this day.
Yosef's attitude towards the Kabbalah, the rulings of the Ari, and consequently the rulings of the Ben Ish Hai have been the cause of strong disagreements between him and Jewish immigrants from the Muslim world in Israel, especially the Jews of Iraq.
The rulings of the Ben Ish Chai were at the heart of the disagreement between him and the Chief Rabbis Yitzhak Nissim and Mordechai Eliyahu.
Yosef gave strong preference to the written word, and did not attribute significant weight to minhagim and traditions which are not well anchored in the Halakha.
For example, he expressed opposition to two minhagim observed in the Synagogues of North African Jewry: standing during the reading of the Ten Commandments, and the involvement of the congregation in certain parts of the prayer service.
His attempts to change popular and deeply rooted traditions have led to opposition to his approach among some North African Rabbis.
Breslov Hasidim have the custom of going on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov in Uman for Rosh Hashanah.
Yosef's position could be seen as a middle ground between the Religious Zionists, for whom saying Hallel is compulsory, and the Ashkenazi Haredim, who do not say Hallel at all.
In 2010, Yosef and Shas' Moetzet Chachamei HaTorah (Council of [Wise] Torah Sages) approved Shas' membership in the World Zionist Organisation, making Shas the first officially Zionist Haredi party in Israel.
Rabbi Binyamin Lau makes a cautious distinction between Yosef's public rhetoric, which presents a unified front with the Ashkenazi Haredim, and between internal discussions, where Yosef was said to be more receptive to solving the problem of integrating the Haredim into the military.
By this, Yosef referred to a modern reality of a Jewish community which is generally not committed to the Halakha, and where Rabbinic authority has lost its centrality.
This latter kind of non-observant Jews are, in Israel, mainly Mizrahi Jews who practice aspects of Judaism as a tradition (known as Masortiyim, not to be confused with Conservative Judaism, which is sometimes called Masorti Judaism).
For example, he ruled that those who desecrate the Sabbath are not to be considered as having abandoned the Torah, and therefore if they have touched wine, it remains Kosher.
Yosef was opposed to bringing civil actions in the Israeli courts, because they decide outcomes by applying Israeli law, rather than Halakha.
His opposition is consistent with the position of the Ashkenazi Haredi Rabbis, and some Religious Zionist Rabbis (e. g., Yaakov Ariel) as well.
In matters of criminal law, however, Yosef is among the moderate Rabbinic voices who support the application of the rule dina d'malchuta dina ('the law of the land is the law'), and therefore, it is forbidden to engage in criminal conduct such as tax fraud.
Following these statements, the Movement for Quality Government in Israel petitioned the Supreme Court of Israel, demanding that Yosef be put on trial.
In 1990, Yosef used his position as Shas spiritual leader to pressure Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir into agreeing to hold negotiations with Arab states for a peaceful settlement of the Arab–Israeli conflict.
As a way of gaining a character analysis of politicians, Yosef had invited both Shamir and Shimon Peres to learn Talmud with him.
While Peres proved an engaging and fluid learner, Shamir was stoic toward the material, a trait that led Yosef to instead use one of Shamir's cabinet members, Housing and Construction Minister David Levy, as his key partner in dealing with the Likud.
Levy had a relatively warm relationship with the rabbi due to his moderate approach to Israel's security and foreign affairs policies, his charismatic personality, and his connection with Sephardi traditions (Levy, a Moroccan, was the highest ranking Sephardi politician in the 1980s).
In 1990, Rav Yosef pulled Shas out of the coalition with the Likud and attempted to form a partnership with Peres's left-centre Labour Party.
The bold move, engineered but opposed by Shas chairman Aryeh Deri, backfired when the highly respected Ashkenazi rosh yeshiva (dean) of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak, Rabbi Elazar Shach (who subsequently founded the Degel HaTorah party) fiercely commanded Yosef to return Shas to the coalition with the Likud.
During this time, Yosef was severely criticised by other major members of the Haredi religious community in Israel, particular the Ashkenazic Jews who generally sided with the Likud and the right in opposition to the perceived secularist tendencies of Labour and the left.
The failure of the scheme, known as the stinking trick, was responsible for Peres' downfall as leader of Labour, and his 1991 defeat in internal elections to former Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
From the 1980s until his death, Yosef approved the participation by Shas in most Israeli governments, except for the last two governments of Ariel Sharon from January 2003 and August 2005.
This was largely because of the rise of Shinui to the powerful third party position, a position that was previously held by Shas.
In the 2007 Israeli Presidential election, Yosef endorsed his long-time friend Shimon Peres, who ultimately won the election due in part to the support of Shas's 12 MKs.
Despite his controversial public comments, Yosef had long been a rabbinical authority advocating peace negotiations in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and had done so since the late 1980s.
Using an argument first articulated by the late American rabbinical leader Joseph Soloveitchik, Yosef claimed that the Arab–Israeli conflict endangers human lives, thereby meeting the above criteria and overruling the priority of commandments pertaining to settling the land of Israel.
Therefore, Israel is permitted—even obligated if saving lives is a definitive outcome—to make serious efforts to reach a peace settlement, as well as to make arrangements to properly protect its citizens.
Using this precedent, Yosef instructed Shas to join Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin's government coalition, and later that of Ehud Barak as well.
In contrast to some of his rabbinical colleagues, such as Rabbi Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, Yosef refused to entertain the idea of holding a referendum on the disengagement, and instructed his MKs to vote against the plan when it came up in the Knesset.
However, toward the end of his life, he no longer appeared totally convinced that diplomacy with the PA leadership would necessarily end the violence.
Some media analysts had suggested that then Prime Minister Ehud Olmert may have been able to convince the rabbi to sign on to further unilateral actions by the government if concerted efforts toward negotiation failed.
However, toward the end of his life, he indicated some flexibility on the issue, and may have taken a more pragmatic approach.
It's even stated that he declared that Hitler was a messenger sent to do God's work before the arrival of the Messiah.
In a clarification, his secretary said that Rabbi Yosef was not stating an opinion of his own, and the remark, taken out of context, was a quote of a Talmudical source that was part of his lecture.
In October 2013, immediately following Ovadia Yosef's death, his son, David Yosef stated to the Prime Minister that the drafting of Haredi students into the army had hurt him in his final months more than his physical illnesses.
Yosef later said that his sermon was misquoted, that he was referring to annihilation of Islamic terrorism, and not of all Arabs.
He called for improving the living conditions of the Arab people in Israel, and said that he has deep respect for peace-seeking Arabs.
Saeb Erekat, the chief Palestinian negotiator, said Yosef's statements were tantamount to a call for genocide against Palestinians, and demanded a firm response from the Israeli government.
The rabbi said he regretted his statements, and was said to have looked for a way of sending a conciliatory message to the Palestinians.
The park comprises half of Cedar Island, located in Chippewa Bay in the St. Lawrence River, part of the Thousand Islands region.
Graham Vivian Farmer (10 March 1935 14 August 2019), known as Polly Farmer, was an Australian rules football player and coach who revolutionised ruckwork and handballing.
Born in Western Australia, Farmer joined the East Perth Football Club as a ruckman in 1953, where he won several awards and contributed to the team winning three premierships.
In 1962, he was recruited to the Victorian Football League (VFL), which would become the Australian Football League (AFL) almost three decades later.
He returned to Western Australia in 1968 and became the captain/coach of the West Perth Football Club, leading the club to premierships against East Perth in 1969 and 1971.
Farmer was made an official Legend of Australian rules football and is widely regarded as one of the game's greatest players.
Farmer began his top-level career in the West Australian Football League (WAFL), known then as the West Australian National Football League (WANFL), with the East Perth Football Club in 1953.
During this time he won the club's fairest and best award seven times and was a member of their 1956, 1958 and 1959 premiership teams.
In 1956, he was awarded a Simpson Medal for his performance against South Australia at the Perth Carnival and later was also awarded the Tassie Medal for being judged best at the carnival overall.
He also tied for the medal in 1957 with East Fremantle's Jack Clarke but lost on a countback; he was awarded that medal in 1997 when the WAFL awarded retrospective medals for those who missed out on countbacks.
Farmer attracted interest from Victorian clubs; at the end of 1955 he was signed by the Richmond Football Club for £200, but (as was not uncommon at the time), he never made the move, remaining in Perth for the next six years.
In the opening moments of his debut for Geelong in 1962, Farmer severely injured a knee, causing ligament damage and missed the rest of the season.
Farmer played 101 games for Geelong from 1962 to 1968, won the team's fairest and best award in 1963 and 1964 and captained the team from 1965 until 1967.
Not involved in top level football in 1972, Farmer returned to the VFL as coach of the Geelong Football Club from 1973 to 1975.
He returned to the WANFL, coaching East Perth from 1976 to 1977 with some success and he coached the first Western Australian state of origin team in 1977.
During his career, Farmer played a record 31 games for Western Australia, five games for Victoria and was selected in the All-Australian team in 1956, 1958 and 1961.
In the 1960s, former Geelong player Neil Trezise approached Farmer about representing the Australian Labor Party in the seat of Corio.
Farmer established the Polly Farmer Foundation, joined by Sir Ronald Wilson, a former High Court judge; Fred Chaney, a former Minister for Aboriginal Affairs; and Greg Durham, chief executive of the Geelong Football Club.
Farmer and his wife Marlene sold their house in 1992 and ran a two-star Southway Auto Lodge motel in South Perth until 1998.
In 1971, he became the first Australian footballer to receive a Queen's honour when he was named a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the New Year honours list.
Farmer's name was included in the 150 bronze tablets set into the footpath along St Georges Terrace that commemorate notable figures in Western Australia's history, as part of the WAY 1979 celebrations.
On 6 October 1997, Western Australian Transport Minister Eric Charlton announced that the $400 m Northern City Bypass would be named the Graham Farmer Freeway.
He has been nominated as the first ruckman in every Team of the Century for each of the two leagues and three clubs for which he participated, plus the Indigenous Team of the Century, in which he was the captain.
Farmer is also depicted in the rare 1963 Scanlens football card series, which due to production problems during the printing process, is now considered one of the rarest and most valuable trading cards in Australia.
Wellesley Island State Park is a state park located on Wellesley Island in the St. Lawrence River in the Town of Orleans in Jefferson County, New York.
It has the largest camping complex in the Thousand Islands region, including wilderness campsites on the banks of the St. Lawrence accessible only by foot or boat.
The Thousand Island State Park Commission began purchasing farmland on Wellesley Island in 1951, and opened Wellesley Island State Park in 1954.
The park was preceded by two other state parks on Wellesley Island, Dewolf Point and Waterson Point, both of which were established in 1898 as part of the St. Lawrence Reservation.
Wellesley Island State Park offers swimming at a life guarded beach, hiking, hunting and fishing, cross-country skiing, biking and recreation programs.
The park includes a nature trail, the Minna Anthony Common Nature Center, a marina and three boat launches (power boats permitted), a nine-hole golf course,cabins, camping and a dump station, showers, picnic tables, a playground, and a food concession with attached recreation area.
In mathematics, the symbolic method in invariant theory is an algorithm developed by , , , and in the 19th century for computing invariants of algebraic forms.
It is based on treating the form as if it were a power of a degree one form, which corresponds to embedding a symmetric power of a vector space into the symmetric elements of a tensor product of copies of it.
The use of the term materialistic tends to describe a person's personality or a society tends to have a negative or critical connotation.
Also called acquisitiveness, it is often associated with a value system which regards social status as being determined by affluence (see conspicuous consumption), as well as the belief that possessions can provide happiness.
Materialism can be considered a pragmatic form of enlightened self-interest based on a prudent understanding of the character of market-oriented economy and society.
Consumer research typically looks at materialism in two ways: one as a collection of personality traits; and the other as an enduring belief or value.
Acquisition centrality is when acquiring material possession functions as a central life goal with the belief that possessions are the key to happiness and that success can be judged by a person's material wealth and the quality and price of material goods she or he can buy.
Research conducted in the United States shows that recent generations are focusing more on money, image, and fame than ever before, especially since the generations of Baby Boomers and Generation X.
In one survey of Americans, over 7% said they would murder someone for $3 million and 65% of respondents said they would spend a year on a deserted island to earn $1 million.
A survey conducted by the University of California and the American Council on Education on 250,000 new college students found that their main reason for attending college was to gain material wealth.
From the 1970s to the late 1990s, the percentage of students who stated that their main reason for going to college was to develop a meaningful life philosophy dropped from more than 80% to about 40%, while the purpose of obtaining financial gain rose from about 40% to more than 75%.
Studies in the United States have found that an increase in material wealth and goods in the country has had little to no effect on the well-being and happiness of its citizens.
Using two measures of subjective well-being, one study found that materialism was negatively related to happiness, meaning that people who tended to be more materialistic were also less happy.
When people derive a lot of pleasure from buying things and believe that acquiring material possessions are important life goals, they tend to have lower life satisfaction scores.
Individual materialism can cause diminished well-being or lower levels of well-being can cause people to be more materialistic in an effort to get external gratification.
Instead, research shows that purchases made with the intention of acquiring life experiences such as going on a family vacation make people happier than purchases made to acquire material possessions such as an expensive car.
Along with Mary Island State Park, it was one of the first New York state parks established along the St. Lawrence River as part of the St. Lawrence Reservation, a recreation area within the Thousand Islands region authorized by New York State in 1896.
The park's recreational facilities are open from late May to early September, although seasonal waterfowl hunting is also permitted within the park.
Commercial rice milk is typically manufactured using brown rice and brown rice syrup, and may be sweetened using sugar or sugar substitutes, and flavored by common ingredients, such as vanilla.
A 100 ml reference amount provides 47 calories, and – if purposely fortified during manufacturing – 26% of the Daily Value (DV) for vitamin B12 (table).
It also supplies calcium (12% DV; fortified) and manganese (13% DV; fortified) in moderate amounts, but otherwise is low in micronutrients.
Compared to cow's milk, rice milk contains more carbohydrates (9% vs. 5%), but does not contain significant amounts of calcium or protein, and no cholesterol or lactose.
Rice milk is the least allergenic among plant milks, and may be consumed by people who are lactose intolerant, allergic to soy or milk.
Commercial brands of rice milk are available in various flavors, such as vanilla, as well as unflavored, and can be used in many recipes as an alternative to traditional cow milk.
It may be made at home using rice flour and brown rice protein, or by boiling brown rice with a large volume of water, blending and filtering the mixture.
Rice milk production uses less water than dairy milk and almond milk, but considerably more than soy milk or oat milk.
Small Pieces Loosely Joined: A Unified Theory of the Web is a book by David Weinberger published by Perseus Publishing in 2002 ().
The book's central premise is that the world wide web has significantly altered humanity's understanding or perception of the concepts of space, matter, time, perfection, public, knowledge, and morality, each of which comprises the title of a chapter in the book.
Southwick Beach State Park is a New York State park that lies along an unusual stretch of sandy beach on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario.
The hiking trails and boat routes are described at several websites, and in guidebooks by William P. Ehling and by Susan Peterson Gateley.
The park and wildlife management area lie within a rare, freshwater coastal barrier environment that consists of beaches, sand dunes, embayments and marshes.
The beachgrass grows runners under the surface of the sand that interlock into a ropelike network, and actually builds the dune by trapping sand.
It is very similar to the common American beachgrass native to the Atlantic coasts of North America, but blooms in July instead of September.
By the 1950s, the value of the eastern Lake Ontario shoreline for recreation and conservation was becoming clear, although little of this land was publicly owned.
In 1960, the Leesi Management Corporation of Syracuse purchased the beach property from the Southwick family and operated the beach as a recreational facility for five years.
The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation purchased the property in 1965 for $150,000; Southwick Beach State Park opened in May, 1966.
The sandy beaches at the Park are part of a length of sandy shore between Sandy Pond to the south and Black Pond to the north.
Another comparable stretch of sandy beach on Lake Ontario is at Sandbanks Provincial Park in Prince Edward County, Ontario, Canada, which is along the northeastern shore of the lake.
The lagoons to which van Diver refers are the notable ponds of this region, including (from north to south) Black, Lakeview, North Sandy, and South Sandy.
Shortly after the cessation of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago, the water level of Lake Ontario was much lower than it is today; one needs to envision large rivers flowing into a lake some tens of meters lower than today's level.
Similarly, sand itself is no longer being formed in abundance; the sand present on today's beaches was probably formed long ago, and transported down from higher elevations during the post-glacial period of low water levels in the lake.
Leo Handler (Mark Wahlberg) rides the subway to his mother's house in Queens, New York, where she throws a surprise party in honor of his parole.
Willie takes Leo aside and thanks him for serving time in prison, implying that Leo had taken a fall for their gang of friends.
The next day, at the railway car repair company Frank owns, Leo is encouraged to enter a 2-year machinist program and Frank offers to help finance his studies.
Leo is advised by Willie not to worry about it, saying Frank tried to get him into a machinist program as well.
Willie brushes him off, taking Leo with him to Roosevelt Island, where he bribes an official in charge of awarding contracts.
One night, Willie takes Leo to a rail yard, where he and a gang sabotage the work of Gallardo's firm in order to lower their quality rating and lessen their ability to get contracts.
Willie heads into the yard master's office to pay him off with Knicks tickets, but is told to get his crew off the tracks, Gallardo having brought him $2,000 in cash.
With the cop in a coma at a hospital, the crew tells Leo that he must murder the officer to prevent him from identifying Leo when he wakes up.
She finds out Willie was with him at the yards and realizes it was Willie who actually killed the yard master.
With Gallardo's lawyers at his side, Leo turns himself in at a public hearing into the rail yard incident and contract corruption.
Realizing that the injured cop's testimony against Leo is in no one's interest, Frank and Gallardo negotiate a new split of the contracts with the Queens Borough President (Steve Lawrence) in a backroom deal.
Frank disowns Willie, who tries unsuccessfully to accept a deal offered to him earlier by Gallardo for protection, which Leo had already accepted.
Frank has told him that Erica and Leo had been in love when they were younger, and once were caught having sex.
Willie tries to embrace her, but as she pulls away, he accidentally throws Erica off the second floor landing, causing her to fall to her death.
Police enter the hearing to inform Erica's mother Kitty (Faye Dunaway) and Frank of the incident at the house, and the discovery of Erica's body.
Leo turns away in disgust and joins the grieving Kitty and the rest of the family in an embrace of support.
MTA New York City Transit (the city's Metropolitan Transit Authority) first refused the production companies the right to film at any of its yards because it believed the film portrayed the agency in a bad light.
The railyard scenes were shot at the 207th Street shop on the New York City Transit system and at an abandoned freight yard in Brooklyn.
It was shot in the spring and summer of 1998 but not released until the fall of 2000 due to studio delays.
On a relatively limited release, the film, which had a $24 million budget, took in just $889,352 in the United States and Canada, and $34,684 in Australia.
The park is associated with the nearby Pine Grove Boat Launch, which provides access for small boats to the lower Salmon River.
It is located on the east side of Little Sodus Bay in the town of Sterling in Cayuga County, northeast of the village of Fair Haven.
The park offers of sand beach including of guarded swim area on Lake Ontario, in addition to five picnic areas with picnic tables and pavilions, a playground and ball field, a campground with tent and trailer sites, a boat launch and marina, and an 18-hole golf course.
Amenities include a camp store, a concession stand, and boat rentals with row boats, paddle boats, canoes, and kayaks available for use only on the Sterling Pond waterway.
The camp was originally built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the early 1930s and later by German POWs during its days as the Prison Camp at Fair Haven.
From the park's hiking trails, visitors can view the large clay formations at the water's edge for which the park is named.
The bluffs are formed from eroded drumlins, teardrop-shaped hills of glacial till that were deposited and shaped by glaciers during the most recent ice age.
Although the pinnacles and cliffs, some of which rise up to above the lake shore, have existed for thousands of years, they are constantly changing and further eroding.
According to the pamphlet given by the park, smugglers used the area as a landing point while transporting liquor from Canada during Prohibition.
The area was acquired by the state of New York in 1963 after having previously been operated informally as a privately owned recreation area.
It lay undeveloped until 1999 when a parking lot, service building with heated restrooms, picnic areas with grills, and hiking trails throughout the park were added.
From some vantage points in the park, visitors can see Nine Mile Point Nuclear Generating Station, to the northeast, as well as the coal smokestacks located in Oswego.
The Georgia national rugby union team (Georgian: საქართველოს მორაგბეთა ეროვნული ნაკრები), nicknamed The Lelos, is administered by the Georgian Rugby Union.
The team takes part in the annual Rugby Europe Championship (previously named European Nations Cup) and participates in the Rugby World Cup, which takes place every four years.
The Lelos participate in the Rugby Europe Championship, winning the tournament in 2001, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019 seasons.
The national team qualified for the Rugby World Cup four times, first in 2003 – playing against rugby powers such as England and South Africa.
There were several unsuccessful attempts to introduce a rugby union into Georgia, the earliest known being in 1928, with subsequent attempts also in 1940 and in 1948.
Rugby was introduced to Georgia by Jacques Haspekian, an Armenian man from Marseilles in France who taught the game to students in the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, although he then subsequently returned in France.
He is still alive and living in Marseilles, he was interviewed on French radio on the occasion of Georgia playing France in the 2007 Rugby World Cup.
The very first rugby session was held on October 15, 1959 in Tbilisi, at the racecourse, where 20 people attended the meeting.
A large, heavy ball was placed in the middle of the field and the goal of the game was to carry it over the river creek of the opposing side.
The Georgia Rugby Union was founded in 1964, but until the late 1980s it was part of the Soviet Union's rugby federation.
The rugby union connection between France and Georgia started as links were established by the then powerful French Communist Party and many other left-wing organisations.
Zimbabwe's first match on the tour was in the wet against Georgia in Kutaisi, west of Tbilisi, which Georgia won 16–3.
The next year Georgia went to Zimbabwe where they played two tests, losing the first in Bulawayo and winning the second 26–10 in Harare.
Georgia was now a rugby union nation but getting matches was not easy: the old Soviet team continued under the name Commonwealth of Independent States.
French coach, Claude Saurel, first arrived in Georgia in 1997 with a brief to assess the standard of sport; he and his development team have helped boost the profile of the sport.
Saurel went on to work with the Georgia national rugby sevens team, until he was appointed as the national coach in the summer of 1999.
Georgia's 1998 loss to Romania saw them play a two legged repechage play-off against Tonga to qualify for the 1999 World Cup.
The following year, Georgia improved upon this, winning all five of their matches during the 2000–01 tournament, and thus finishing at the top of the table.
Rugby union took off in the country, the travel and opportunities to land lucrative contracts in France made rugby union a glamorous pursuit in Georgia.
Georgian first made an impact at Rugby Sevens by finishing a respectable 10th in the 2001 edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens in Argentina.
In October 2002 Georgia faced Russia, in what was at the time one of the most important clashes ever between the two national sides.
The victorious nation would head to the 2003 Rugby World Cup, and the loser would be relegated to fight it out for a repechage position.
Both nations kicked penalty goals in the first half, but Russia moved ahead with a 13–9 lead through a try, but Georgia were able to score a try of their own just before half time, with Levan Tsabadze putting them in front 14–13 at the break.
Although they performed well against the Springboks (losing 46–19) they were disappointingly defeated by Uruguay 24–12, in a match that they were expected to win.
The team recorded their first win in the rugby world cup with a 30–0 win over Namibia in their Pool D match at Stade Felix-Bollaert.
The 2007 world cup campaign is also well remembered for Georgians by brilliant display against Ireland, where Georgia narrowly lost the match 10–14.
Despite the close nature of their pool, Georgia were impressive in all matches, including a tight match against Scotland which was lost 15–6, thus missing a bonus point narrowly and a 41–10 loss against England, which featured a man-of-the-match performance by flanker Mamuka Gorgodze.
Georgia went on to record only their second ever Rugby World Cup win against Romania, winning 25–9 with another man-of-the-match performance by Mamuka Gorgodze.
Georgia finished their campaign with a strong showing against Argentina, leading 7–5 at half time before conceding 20 unanswered points to lose 25–7.
In the 2015 Rugby World Cup Georgia played against Tonga, Argentina, title holders New Zealand and the top African qualifier Namibia in Pool C.
Again in the first half The Lelos held very well against the mighty All Blacks, with score remaining 22–10 for the world champions.
In the last match Georgia defeated Namibia 17–16, for the first time ever finished the group on third place with two wins and two defeats and secured their qualification for 2019 Rugby World Cup.
In 2016, Georgia once again cemented its claim to be the seventh best national rugby team in Europe, when they won the European Nations Cup for the sixth consecutive time, with 10 wins from 10 matches.
In the 2016 mid-year internationals the Lelos traveled to the Pacific islands for the first time and finished the historic tour unbeaten with 19–19 draw against Samoa, 23–20 victory against Tonga and 14–3 victory against Fiji.
Since World Rankings were introduced by World Rugby in September 2003, Georgia have occupied below number ten the majority of the time.
Below is table of the representative rugby matches played by a Georgia national team at test level up until 16 September 2019.
In 2007 Georgia recorded their first win in the Rugby World Cup with a 30–0 win over Namibia in their Pool D match at Stade Bollaert-Delelis.
The Antim Cup is contested between Georgia and Romania each time the teams meet in a senior international match other than World Cup matches or qualifiers.
The holder retains the cup unless the challenger wins the match, and there is no extra time in case of a draw.
In the Fall of 2013, community volunteers, with the approval of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, developed a new trail system on the east side of New York Route 90, which divides the formerly undeveloped inland section of the park from the waterfront section.
Polese is also Chairwoman of ClearStreet Inc., a company whose products and tools help employers and their employees reduce their healthcare spend.
An advocate of public policy to increase America's innovation capacity, Polese was named to President Obama's Innovation Advisory Board in 2011.
The Board guided the Commerce Department's study of US economic competitiveness, delivering a report with recommendations to Congress in January 2012.
Polese received a BA degree in biophysics in 1984 from the University of California, Berkeley and studied computer science at the University of Washington.
In addition to serving CrowdSmart as Chairman, Polese is an Aspen Institute Crown Fellow and serves on a number of boards, including the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, TechNet, the University of California President's Board on Science and Innovation, UC Berkeley's College of Engineering, the Long Now Foundation, the Public Policy Institute of California and the Global Security Institute.
The company was incubated in 2003 at VC firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and launched its first products in April 2005.
Before co-founding Marimba, Polese spent more than seven years with Sun Microsystems and was the founding product manager for Java when it launched in 1995.
Prior to joining Sun, Polese worked on expert systems at IntelliCorp Inc., helping Fortune 500 companies apply artificial intelligence to solving complex business challenges.
This differs from other top soccer leagues around the world which consider the club with the most points at the end of the season to be the sole champion.
The Canadian Soccer League and its related competitions are not sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association or part of the Canadian soccer pyramid as the league is now a member of the newly formed Soccer Federation of Canada (SFC).
In the initial years the championship finals was dominated by Toronto Olympians, and Ottawa Wizards, who had the financial support from corporations as Coffee Time, and Oz Optics Ltd.
While St. Catharines Wolves, and Toronto Croatia two well established former Canadian National Soccer League (CNSL) clubs were the prominent challengers in the early years.
The inaugural championship was contested between the 1997 CNSL champions St. Catharines and Toronto Olympians with the Wolves securing the title in a penalty shootout.
While the Olympians appeared in the first three CPSL Championship finals, but only managed one victory in 1999 against Toronto Croatia.
In 2000, the championship received its first title sponsorship from Primus, and witnessed the emergence of the Ottawa Wizards after the leagues major expansion run in 2001.
After a series of disputes with the CPSL board of directors Ottawa withdrew from the playoff competition after securing an undefeated regular season in 2003.
As a result, creating an opportunity for various clubs to contend for the championship, with the Brampton Hitmen claiming the title.
After the decline and departure of the Olympians, Wizards, and Wolves a shift occurred with Croatia and York Region Shooters (then as the Vaughan Shooters, later as Italia Shooters) achieving a powerhouse status as both champions and top contenders with the Serbian White Eagles as the prominent challengers.
Toronto Croatia currently hold the record amount of six championships, and holds the distinction of being the first club to successfully defend the title in two consecutive seasons from 2014 till 2015.
As the league expanded beyond the Greater Toronto Area and Ontario border a television agreement was reached with Rogers TV, which granted the company naming rights to the championship.
Meanwhile, another milestone was achieved by Trois-Rivières Attak the farm team to the Montreal Impact as it became the first Quebec club to capture the championship in 2009 after defeating Serbia in 3-2 penalty shootout.
In 2014, York Region became the second club in the league's history to produce a perfect season followed by the Toronto Olympians since the 1999 season.
With the exception of the 2007 final, which was contested over two legs, the final is played as one match only.
The playoff tournament is organized by the league at the conclusion of the regular season in a format similar to other North American professional sports leagues.
The record for the most championships lost is held by the Serbian White Eagles and York Region Shooters, who lost the game three times during their history.
Hudson River Islands State Park comprises the entirety of the island of Stockport Middle Ground and the southern tip of Gay's Point.
The park offers access for fishing, hiking, and hunting, and includes a day-use area with picnic pavilions and a nature trail.
The park is within the boundaries of the Stockport Flats section of the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, part of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System.
It was organized by the Canadian Soccer League (formerly the Canadian Professional Soccer League) originally as a League Cup for CSL member clubs.
After operating the competition for several seasons as an exclusive tournament the league's ownership decided in 2003 to grant accessibility to all Canadian professional and amateur clubs.
The decision was influenced by the lack of initiative by the Canadian Soccer Association in providing a potential candidate for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup.
Further reforms consisted of a title sponsorship with the Government of Canada, and the inclusion of a financial reward for the overall champion.
Subsequently, the tournament managed to attract several notable amateur, and professional clubs with credentials from the USL First Division, Canadian National Challenge Cup, Ligue de Soccer Elite Quebec, and the Ontario Cup.
In 2007, the competition reached its zenith as it expanded westward to include clubs from British Columbia with the inclusion of the champion of the British Columbia Provincial Soccer Championship.
Since the establishment of the Canadian Championship CSL teams have not participated in the tournament which determines the Canadian entry into the CONCACAF Champions League.
Throughout the history of the tournament Canadian Soccer League teams have dominated the competition with the exception of Ottawa St. Anthony Italia in the 2006 season.
David Gee is the most successful head coach in the history of the competition, having won three titles as head coach of Toronto Olympians.
Originally the format of the competition was organized into a group stage with the two top teams advancing to the semifinals, and a final match to decide the champion in September.
The arrangement of teams for the group stages was determined by the geographically locations of the clubs in order to accommodate the travel distances.
In 2002, the format was revised with the introduction of a qualifying round with a home and away two-game series followed by a quarterfinal, semifinal, and championship final round.
The opening round was played around Victoria Day the second round during Canada Day, and the quarterfinals on the Civic Holiday weekend.
Historically attempts at organizing a national open cup competition between professional and amateur clubs in Canadian soccer was a concept largely ignored by the national and provincial associations.
Proposals were suggested in 1996 by the USL A-League by presenting a trophy to its Canadian franchises in order to establish a Canadian open cup competition, but the idea failed to materialize.
In 1998, the Canadian National Soccer League and the Ontario Soccer Association collaborated to form the Canadian Professional Soccer League (CPSL) an attempt to form a national league.
Shortly after the tournament attracted sponsorship deals from Primus Canada, and in 2001 received a title sponsor from Oz Optics Ltd.
In the initial years the league cup was dominated by the Toronto Olympians, which later was assumed by the Ottawa Wizards.
In 2002, the competition received financial aide from the Canadian government in the form of a federal grant with intentions to promote the tournament across the country.
As a result, the league began to take the initiative of providing a candidate for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup as the Canadian Soccer Association and other provincial governing bodies failed to organize an open cup tournament.
The previous time a Canadian club competed in the Champions' Cup was in the 1976 CONCACAF Champions' Cup represented by Toronto Italia of the National Soccer League.
In 2003, the CPSL opened the League Cup to all Canadian professional and amateur clubs with the intent of providing a potential Canadian candidate to the continental tournament.
The competition was renamed the Open Canada Cup with the government of Canada as the initial title sponsor, and the inclusion of a $10,000 reward for the champion.
As the restrictions on eligibility were lifted for the 2003 Open Canada Cup the tournament managed to entice clubs from the Ontario Soccer League, Ottawa Carleton Soccer League, Western Ontario Soccer League, and the Ligue de Soccer Elite Quebec to participate.
The competition was won by London City in a penalty shootout against the Metro Lions played at Cove Road Stadium, London, Ontario.
The controversy stemmed from a dispute involving Ottawa Wizards with the CPSL's board of directors over the hosting rights for the finals.
After failing to confirm their participation in the later rounds of the tournament the league removed Ottawa from the competition, and in return Ottawa threatened to obtain an injunction.
The dispute eventually reached the Superior Court of Justice which ruled in favor of the CPSL decision, and allowed the tournament to precede without the participation of Ottawa.
In 2006, the competition reached a new milestone as it managed to draw the attention of the Toronto Lynx of the USL First Division, the country's top tier league.
The 2006 edition made headlines as Ottawa St. Anthony Italia became the first amateur club to claim the championship after defeating the Toronto Lynx in the finals.
The tournament reached its apex in 2007 as it broaden to include professional and amateur teams from British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec.Trois-Rivières Attak became the first Quebec champion in 2007 after defeating Columbus Clan F.C..
In 2008, the CSL increased the prize money to $25,000 with the top amateur club receiving $10,000, but shortly after the creation of the Canadian Championship the competition was disbanded.
Martyn John Evans (born 27 November 1953 in Birmingham, England), is a former South Australian Australian independent and Australian Labor Party state and federal politician.
Evans entered the South Australian House of Assembly following the 1984 Elizabeth by-election, caused when Peter Duncan resigned from the seat to contest the federal seat of Makin.
Elected as a Labor independent, he served as Minister of Health, Family and Community Services and Minister for the Aged from 1992–93, and rejoined Labor from 1993.
He was Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1994 to October 2004, representing the Division of Bonython, South Australia.
Evans contested the Division of Wakefield at the 2004 election, which had absorbed most of Bonython's former territory and had become notionally Labor as a result.
When the actors of the Moscow Arts Theatre were preparing the play for its first run in 1902, Maxim Gorky supplied them with photographs of the Nizhny Novgorod underclass taken by the famous local photographer, Maxim Dmitriev (Максим Дмитриев), to help with the realism of the acting and costumes.
The presentation of the lower classes was viewed as overly dark and unredemptive, and Gorky was clearly more interested in creating memorable characters than in advancing a formal plot.
The theme of harsh truth versus the comforting lie pervades the play from start to finish, as most of the characters choose to deceive themselves over the bleak reality of their condition.
His memory is vague, but he knows he took a beating the night before, and the others tell him he had been caught cheating at cards.
The Actor climbs down from his bunk and declares that the doctor has told him he has an organ poisoned by alcohol, and sweeping the floor would be bad for his health.
Kleshtch agrees that there is no use feeding a dying woman, and so with a clear conscience he eats the dumplings.
Loudly, the landlord says that the locksmith occupies too much room for two rubles a month and that henceforth the rent will be two and one-half rubles.
The thief comes out of his room and denounces the landlord for not paying his debts, saying that Kostilyoff still owes seven rubles for a watch he had bought.
The others admire Vaska for his courage and urge him to kill Kostilyoff and marry Vassilisa; then he could be landlord.
Satine asks Vaska for twenty kopecks, which the thief is glad to give; he is afraid Satine will want a ruble next.
He tells Vaska that he will be able to reform in Siberia, and he assures the Actor that at a sanatorium he could be cured of alcoholism.
Vassilisa comes in, and when the others leave, she offers Vaska three hundred rubles if he will kill Kostilyoff and set her free.
That would leave Vaska free to marry Natasha, who at the moment is recovering from a beating given to her by her jealous sister.
In the backyard that night, as Natasha is telling romantic stories to the crowd, Kostilyoff comes out and gruffly orders her in to work.
Patrick Francis Daniel Farmer (born 14 March 1962), an ultra-marathon athlete, motivational speaker, and former Australian politician, was a Member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the seat of Macarthur in south-west Sydney, New South Wales from 2001 to 2010, as a member of the Liberal Party.
Farmer was born in the Sydney suburb of Ultimo, one of seven children to Mary and Frank Farmer and grew up in Sydney's western suburbs, starting his working life as a motor mechanic from 1977 to 1984 after attending Granville TAFE.
From 1984 to 2000, Farmer commenced his passion of ultra-marathon running while working with his brother Tony as a landscape gardener and later as a motivational speaker.
In 1998, Lisa, aged 34, died unexpectedly of Mitral Valve Prolapse and Farmer was left to raise his two children on his own.
During this period, Farmer set a number of ultra-marathon Australian and world records, which placed him in the elite of the sport.
Before joining politics in 2001, he raised very significant funds for Diabetes Australia, Lifeline, Careflight International and the Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research.
Farmer is perhaps best known for his record-breaking 14,964 km Centenary of Federation run around all of Australia in 1999, taking 191 days.
He was named Achiever of the Year at the Australian of the Year Awards 2000, presented by Prime Minister John Howard.
Following his ultra-marathon, Farmer was approached by Howard in 2000 and encouraged Farmer to seek Liberal endorsement for the Sydney-area seat of Division of Macarthur.
The seat had been reconfigured to be a notional Labor seat after losing nearly all of its rural territory, but Farmer retained it for the Liberals on a swing of seven percent, and actually won enough primary votes to take the seat without the need for preferences.
During his time in Parliament, Farmer served on a range of House of Representatives committees including: Education and Training from 26 September 2002 to 31 August 2004; Communications, Information Technology and the Arts from 4 November 2003 to 31 August 2004.
On 26 October 2004 he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Education, Science and Training (with special responsibility for Western Sydney).
Farmer suffered a 10.43 percent swing against him at the 2007 federal election, in which the Howard Government lost to Kevin Rudd's Labor Party.
In January 2008 he moved to Mosman on Sydney's harbourside against the advice of then Liberal Party leader Brendan Nelson, but stated that it would not affect his ability to represent his electorate in the city's western suburbs.
In August 2009 Farmer was reported to be considering standing for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly after a redistribution erased his already tenuous margin in Macarthur, making it notionally Labor.
In a Liberal Party preselection ballot for Macarthur, held on 30 October 2009, Farmer was defeated by Russell Matheson and retired from politics at the 2010 federal election.
His stock was considerably weakened in 2007 when he moved to the North Shore suburb of Mosman, far outside his electorate.
On 2 February 2015, Farmer announced that he would be contesting the 2015 NSW State Election as the Liberal candidate in Macquarie Fields, which included a small slice of his old federal seat.
In his valedictory speech to Parliament on 23 June 2010, Pat Farmer formally announced his long held goal of running from the North Pole to the South Pole, covering some , to raise funds for clean water programs for Red Cross International.
Farmer departed the North Pole on 8 April 2011 and finished at the South Pole on 19 January 2012, raising A$100,000 for his efforts.
The reason of this is not explained for some time, until it is revealed that the souls of the pilots' mothers are integrated with the Evas to enable a psychic link between the two.
Once inserted inside and connected to the Eva, the entry plug is filled with a translucent, breathable liquid known as LCL, which allows the pilots to electrochemically control the Evas.
LCL is repeatedly described as smelling like blood and is revealed later on to be derived from the blood of the second Angel, Lilith.
The pilots wear uniforms called plug suits and devices called interface headsets on their heads to achieve better synchronization with the Eva.
Although the Evas wear armor, their most significant defense is the Absolute Terror Field (AT Field for short), a form of force field which protects the Eva from all forms of conventional damage and can be used to disrupt an Angel's AT field.
All the Evangelions but one are derived from the first Angel, Adam (in the Book of Genesis, Eve is created from one of Adam's ribs).
With these revelations, the true purpose of their armor is also revealed - it is actually to constrain and control their movements.
The Evas are controlled through their psychic link to the pilot via a combination of hand controls in the entry plug and direct nerve impulses that link to the pilot's plug suit and interface headset.
A high synchronization permits direct feedback, including the ability for a pilot to directly experience pain induced by any damage against the Eva.
This is why the pilots often undergo routine synchronization tests, in order to measure how well the pilots can synchronize with the souls that are bonded within the Evas.
The Evas can also be controlled by an autopilot system, the Dummy Plugs, which are based on the thought patterns of either Rei Ayanami or Kaworu Nagisa.
The Evas fight with their arms and legs, but they can also wield and use a wide variety of giant conventional weapons.
Most of these failed Evas' organic structures have rotted away, leaving little more than an armored head connected to a spine, often with an incomplete number of limbs and many of the skeletons are badly warped.
In the original version, the failed Eva prototypes were laid out on a massive empty floor, with what remained of their limbs carefully matched up with their spines and other body parts, and then circled by chalk marks.
The New Production Cut shows the original concept with remaining body parts of dozens of failed Evas are thrown into a series of waste pits in the ground.
This simulation body appears to be an apparatus that consists of portions of the skeleton and nervous system of an Evangelion, but without any means of actual movement except for two small devices on the front of the head.
Unit 00 was initially colored yellow like the previous prototypes, but its armor was damaged beyond repair by the Angel Ramiel and has since been refitted with blue armor plating in addition to other alterations made in order to make it more suitable for combat conditions, including shoulder pylons similar in appearance to the ones on Units 01 and 02.
The true nature of the soul inside Unit 00 is never specified, but it is implied to be the soul of Rei I.
In the Rebuild of Evangelion series, Unit 00 design stays with its initial yellow color along with more white and gray.
In the second film, Unit 00 was the Eva SEELE recommended be placed in storage upon the arrival of Unit 03, as the Vatican treaty states that no country can have more than three active Evangelion units at one time but Gendo Ikari chose to place Unit 02 in storage instead.
After Unit 00 fails to destroy the 10th Angel with the N² Missile, the Angel absorbs the unit and uses its identification code to disable Central Dogma's defenses.
was created in the Third Annex of Gehirn's Artificial Evolution Laboratory in Hakone and is piloted by Shinji Ikari (with Dummy Plug as backup pilots).
It is the first and the only Evangelion to be created from Lilith, the Second Angel, instead of Adam, the First Angel, from whom all the other Evangelions were created.
Concept art for the TV series reveals that Unit 01's body was grown from biomass cultivated from Lilith's legs (the reason why her legs are missing throughout the show).
Despite this fact, Unit 01 bears no real morphological difference from the other Evangelion units, possessing a core (unlike Lilith) and exaggerated proportions similar to Adam and the other Evas.
It also has a distinctive chest plate resembling pectoral muscles, as opposed to the regular V-shaped chest plate the other Evangelions have.
The humanoid entity beneath the armor has light brown skin, two emerald-green eyes, four small nostrils positioned, flat white teeth resembling that of humans, and red blood.
It is a notorious berserker, and frequently acts independently, without the instructions of a pilot and without any apparent power source, moving freely even when the internal power source was depleted.
The Eva's resident soul, Yui Ikari (Shinji's mother), appears to be responsible for such events, in an attempt to protect her son.
In the height of its berserk state, Unit 01 also demonstrates angelic abilities such as regeneration (repairing its damaged arm in a matter of seconds in battle against Sachiel and Zeruel), forming angelic cross shaped energy explosions, as well as manifesting a powerful AT Field for offensive purposes.
It is the only Eva to have gone berserk in direct combat, inflicting fatal damage to Sachiel before it self-detonates, ripping apart Leliel and savagely mauling Zeruel.
Shinji is clearly not responsible for these events, having blacked out in the first two berserk episodes and having dissolved into LCL after reaching a synchronization level of 400% during the battle with Zeruel.
A similar state of battle rage, displaying heightened physical power and savageness, can be achieved when the Eva is controlled by the Dummy System, though this does not qualify as a genuine berserk incident.
Upon savagely disfiguring the fourteenth angel, Zeruel, Unit 01 used one of Zeruel's arms to regenerate its severed left arm and proceeded to devour the Angel and absorb its S² Engine (which seemed to be used only at Unit 01's discretion, as the Eva was afterwards still shown to be sent into battle with an umbilical cable).
By acquiring an S² Engine (the biblical Fruit of Life), it is stated that the Eva has become a being equal to God, possessing both the Fruit of Life and Knowledge.
SEELE attempts to use the Eva in order to perform the Human instrumentality project in place of Lilith, who has been rendered unusable due to the loss of the Spear of Longinus.
The mass production Evangelions impale Unit 01 with spears similar to the Spear of Longinus, possibly in an attempt to open the Doors of Guf on the Eva's palms.
Later, Unit 01 and the MP Evas 'open' their S² Engines, forming a giant Sephirot in the sky, signaling the beginning of the Third Impact and creating an enormous explosion which completely exposes the Geofront's true form as the Black Moon, the Egg of Lilith.
The original Spear of Longinus returns to Earth, merging with Unit 01 to form the 'Tree of Life', becoming a complete God with the power either save or destroy humanity.
Near the end of the film, Eva 01 bursts out from the giant pupil of Lilith-Adam-Rei, roaring, and grows a complete set of twelve Wings of Light, then manipulates the Spear of Longinus to destroy the clone spears.
At the conclusion, Unit 01 is left floating adrift in space, fossilized and still containing the soul of Yui Ikari, an eternal testament to the existence of humanity.
During its fight with Shamshel, the skin of the humanoid entity beneath the armor is revealed to a lighter color than in the series.
During its battle with Zeruel, the Eva enters the 'awakened state' and undergoes several radical changes: the pilot's plug depth exceeds a value of 180, the 'Great Beyond Depth', at the risk of being unable to return to normal.
Most significant however is Unit 01's possession of Angelic abilities, including the manifestation of a halo, advanced AT-field manipulation to replace its lost arm with an ethereal one that can launch concussive blasts and the ability to release a powerful energy beam from its eyes, similar to the one used by the Angels but with much more devastating effects.
After defeating Zeruel, Unit 01 undergoes several more changes, growing energy wings from its core and gaining the ability to bridge the entry plug to the Angel's core.
After absorbing Zeruel's core, Unit 01 begins transforming into a glowing energy being, as a divine entity equal to God, a 'radiant giant' with 'wings of light' extending upwards into a vortex at the center of multi-colored concentric circles (confirmed in 3.0 as what is known as the Doors of Guf), similar to the Adams seen during Second Impact.
It also seems that the Eva's awakening triggered by Rei and Shinji appears to have been planned from the beginning by Gendo, Shinji's father.
While the Impact is aborted by Kaworu Nagisa in the Mark.06 impaling Unit 01 with the Spear of Cassius, it still results in the devastation of the entire planet, prompting the UN to seal Unit 01 into a tesseract they subsequently launch into space where it remains for the next fourteen years.
As a result of being constructed by Nerv Germany, and also as an accommodation for its three-quarters-German pilot, its default language setting is German.
Unit 02 features a different progressive knife from earlier Eva units as well as an internal weapon rack in the right shoulder binder which fires dart-like weapons.
It has dark blue skin and four orange eyes, first seen when the MP Evas tear it apart during The End of Evangelion.
Its head armor is hinged in two places, allowing the eyes to be exposed when the Eva reaches a high synch ratio.
In the second Rebuild film, it is shown that Unit 02's helmet is redesigned to have what look like oni horns, and that its shoulder pylons are equipped with a pair of bladed weapons.
Later in the film, Unit 02 is placed into storage in accordance with The Vatican Treaty- a law stating that no nation can have more than 3 Active Evas- and with Unit 03 arriving from America Gendo decided Unit 02 would be the mothballed Unit.
Mari later hijacks Unit 02 to fight Zeruel, and in desperation, activates Unit 02's Beast Mode which significantly increases its combat ability and gives it a more feral appearance.
However, Mari is unable to defeat the Angel and Unit 02 is severely damaged, losing its left arm and part of its head.
Unit 02 is featured prominently throughout Evangelion 3.0, appearing to be only partially repaired from the damage it sustained during the last film, being called Unit 02'(Dash) by Misato at the beginning.
was built in the United States by Nerv First Branch in Massachusetts, United States, Evangelion Unit 03 is one of two Units built with the Second Production Model design.
It is the brother Unit of Unit 04 (Unit 3 and Unit 4 were the only Evangelion who were addressed as males during the series).
The pilot assigned to it was Toji Suzuhara, but in transit to Japan, it was possessed by the thirteenth Angel, Bardiel, which appeared from cloud, infecting it with fungus-like growths.
As Bardiel, it was savagely torn apart by Unit 01, after the control of Unit 01 was switched from Shinji to the Dummy Plug system, designed to simulate an artificial pilot on the basis of Rei Ayanami's thought patterns.
She was put into quarantine due to possible contact with Bardiel and was confirmed to have been placed in a medically induced coma due to her injuries when the entry plug was crushed.
In the teaser trailer for Evangelion 3.0 attached at the end of the 2nd Rebuild film, she is shown awoken from her coma with an eye patch covering her left eye.
Unit 03 sports a predominantly black color scheme with white and red highlights and during its fight with Unit 01, it grows a separate pair of arms out of the top of its shoulders to help strangle Unit 01.
Unit 04 was constructed at the Second Branch of Nerv, a desert site in Nevada, United States, acting primarily as a test subject for S² Engine (provided by the Third Branch of Germany) experimentation.
Nerv determined that the incident occurred when the S² Engine was being installed in the unit, and that there were numerous factors that could have led to the accident.
One theory behind Unit 04's destruction, suggested by Ritsuko Akagi, is that the S² Engine had opened up a Dirac sea similar to the one that was believed to comprise the twelfth Angel, Leliel.
Seele had them produced as part of their backup plan for initiating Instrumentality, but only nine out of an envisioned twelve were completed.
Their physical build is different from previous Evas, being narrower in the chest and shoulders and wider in the hips, and apparently covered by the same reinforced plastic that coats the arms.
They are equipped with large, mechanical, avian-style wings that enable them to fly, and which can be fully retracted into the back.
Their primary weapons are double-bladed Heavy Lances, which eventually transform into their true form, dark gray replicas of the Lance of Longinus.
Additionally, the MP Evas consistently behave in an animal-like manner; they show formidable savagery, and circle Unit 02 in the air in a manner similar to vultures before descending to fight the Eva and tear it apart.
Each MP Eva contains an internal S² Engine, which grants them complete mobility (being freed from the umbilical cable) and no operational time limit.
According to Misato, Unit 05 and Unit 06 were originally planned to be more or less a continuation of the production model design used for Units 02-04.
The unfinished original Units 05 and 06 were scrapped for spare parts used to repair Units 00 and 02 after their fight with the Angel Zeruel.
EVA is a green colored EVA with distance-controlled gun barrels mounted on its shoulders (possibly inspired by the Psycommu System from the Gundam franchise), its pilot is unknown.
Because of the inhuman design of the Eva, special tubes are attached to the wrists of the pilot's plug suit to help aid in movement and the pilot wears a helmet-like contraption.
It appears to lack an umbilical cord and gathers its energy from pantograph-like wires atop the shoulder pylons, which connect to the roofs of the tunnels of Bethany Base in Evangelion 2.0.
Introduced in Rebuild of Evangelion, is first seen at the end of the first film and fully appears in the second film.
It was initially designed with blue armor with a glowing red visor covering its eyes and head design similar to Unit 01.
At the end of the film, Kaworu uses Mark.06 to throw a spear through Unit 01 (neutralizing it and stopping Third Impact) and descend from the Moon, after that declaring that he will make Shinji happy.
The Unit seems similar to previous units, but the shoulder pylons are slightly different, and it appears to have thrusters on it.
Unlike its first depiction in the first teaser for the film, the Eva went through a significant redesign between films: while the teaser showed it having dark gray armor and a vaguely anchor-shaped pink visor, the final version - designated Unit-08α - has pink armor and a total of eight green eyes.
Then partly through the movie, Unit-08α is modified by WILLE into Unit-08β, unlike Unit-08α, is not shaped like a typical production model.
The plating on the chest, abdomen, and legs is far bulkier as well, and does not match the thin, sleek plating seen on most Evangelion units.
Unlike Unit-08α, it also has large, pink guards around its forearms and wrists which add significantly to the bulk of the arms.
Its coloring is largely the same, the most notable difference being that the pink portions of the shoulder pylons on Unit-08α are now white, as well as the arm colors being switched to a different order.
At the beginning of the film, the Eva participates in the operation to hijack an inactive Unit 01 from low Earth orbit alongside Unit 02 but fails to achieve the required orbital speed, commencing atmospheric reentry after only a few minutes of spaceflight.
While in suborbital flight, the Eva is armed with a cannon that appears to be an energy weapon similar in function to a sniper rifle.
It is first seen in the operation where NERV kidnaps Shinji from WILLE, with the EVA losing its head during the skirmish.
The missing head is not restored and near the end of the film the still headless Eva reappears, wielding a massive scythe to hold back Unit 02 and Unit 08 on its own.
When the EVA is attacked by Unit-02γ, it is revealed that the entire EVA is made up of core material at this point, making all attacks that fail to destroy the entire body at once useless.
Its most distinctive feature is the Double Entry system of two entry plugs, with the two pilots capable of seeing each other as if they were in a single plug; either pilot is capable of controlling the EVA on their own, although both of them working in tandem is preferred.
Unusually, the EVA does not appear to have an AT-field, instead using a number of remote-controlled drones called RS Hoppers to protect itself; these drones are each capable of deploying their own AT-field, can fly without any apparent means of propulsion and explode violently when damaged.
Without these drones, the EVA does not appear to have any offensive weaponry but is immune to progressive blades and specialized anti-AT ammunition fired by Unit 08 fails to affect it whatsoever.
In this state, the EVA proceeds to start Fourth Impact on its own before Kaworu commits suicide and Mari ejects Shinji's entry plug, making the EVA dormant once more.
There is no umbilical cable socket on the EVA's back and it is unclear what power source it uses, if at all.
Since Evangelion 3.0's preview in the previous movie barely had any scene that actually made into the final product, it may as well be a red herring.
They are armed with Pallet Rifles, an Evangelion-sized bullpup assault rifle visually resembling a Steyr ACR and which used to be the standard-issue rifle for Evangelions in the original series but did not appear in Rebuild up to this point.
They would travel from grounds at Cowan Creek to the Parramatta River via Pymble - passing west through the land where Pymble Ladies' College now stands, through the Lane Cove Valley and North Ryde.
Pymble is named after Robert Pymble (1776–1861), an influential early settler whose 1823 land grant comprised some 600 acres, around half the land of the region.
The other half (plus a large part of St Ives) was granted to Daniel der Matthew's, another influential settler who established the first sawmill in the area.
The region was important to the early Sydney colony as a major supplier of timber for a wide variety of uses.
It became widely known for the high quality of its produce and especially for its oranges which had been introduced to the area by Robert Pymble sometime around 1828 and which by later years were grown extensively throughout the region by numerous different growers following land sub-divisions.
The first bank - the Australian Joint Stock Bank - was established in 1888 in a then prominent house known as Grandview built on Pymble Hill ca 1883 by the son of local hotelier Richard Porter.
From this time the centre of commercial activity came to be at the top of the hill around the Pacific Highway and Bannockburn Road area, but with the railway station being located by necessity at the bottom of the hill development began to shift towards the new railway station at the foot of the hill.
Today Pymble is a predominantly residential area with tree-lined streets, many substantial homes and gardens, numerous parks, nature reserves, and active pockets of commercial activity.
The station is the centre of transport, shopping and social activities whilst Pymble Hill affords a view of the distant Chatswood skyline.
Transdev NSW buses operate route 579 from Pymble Station (departing Grandview St) to East Turramurra (peak hours only) and route 560 from Gordon Station to West Pymble (half-hourly service).
At the 2011 census, 24% of employed people travelled to work on public transport and 54% by car (either as driver or as passenger) – a typical reflection of the Sydney area mode of transport.
Looking for a weapon to use against the invading Kronons, Mara revives the hibernating Earth hero Captain Paragon and attempts to enlist his help in the battle.
Tired of the warlike policies of the Ruran queen, Mara eventually leaves Rur with Captain Paragon when he returns to Earth.
Her unfamiliarity with male-female interactions (her home planet was made up entirely of women) later leads to a brief but bitter rivalry with the second Ms.
In compositions that do not have an anupallavi, there often exists a Samrashti Charanam that combines both the anupallavi and charanam of the composition which directly follows the pallavi.
Angels & Demons is a 2000 bestselling mystery-thriller novel written by American author Dan Brown and published by Pocket Books and then by Corgi Books.
Kohler calls Vetra's adopted daughter Vittoria home and it is ascertained that the Illuminati, an ancient anti-religious organization thought extinct, have stolen a canister containing antimatter, a substance with destructive potential comparable to a nuclear weapon.
When at CERN, the canister is stored in a unique electrical charger which ensures the antimatter's stability, but when removed, its backup battery provides power for 24 hours, after which the antimatter would fall out of suspension and, on coming into contact with the physical matter of the container, explode.
The canister is located somewhere in Vatican City, with a security camera in front of it, as its digital clock counts down to an explosion due to occur at midnight, which will wipe out the Vatican.
Langdon is initially convinced that the Illuminati cannot be responsible for two reasons: 1) the Illuminati went extinct centuries ago, and their remnants were absorbed into the Freemasons and 2) the Illuminati, as men of scientific truth, would never sanction the murder of a fellow scientist.
Langdon's theory is that the Path was marked by sculptures created by a mysterious Illuminati artist: an Illuminati member placed as a mole within the Vatican itself.
Langdon is granted access to the Vatican Archives by the camerlengo, where he believes a document containing the clues to the Path of Illumination is located.
The Path leads Langdon and Vittoria to four churches in Rome, each one containing works of art by Baroque artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini (who Langdon realizes is the Illuminati artist) depicting angels and associated with one of the primordial elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water.
After finding the bodies of the first two preferiti, Langdon hurries to the Santa Maria della Victoria Basilica and finds the preferiti's abductor in the act of setting the third cardinal on fire.
The two hurry back to St. Peter's Basilica, where they find that Kohler has arrived to confront the camerlengo in private.
Hearing the camerlengo scream in agony from being branded with the Illuminati Diamond (a symbol combining all four Illuminati ambigrams), the Swiss Guards burst into the room and open fire on Kohler.
Just before he dies, Kohler gives Langdon a mini video camera containing a video Kohler made while confronting the camerlengo and tells him to give it to the media.
The camerlengo rushes back in, claiming that he has received a vision from God, who has revealed the location of the antimatter canister to him.
With Langdon in pursuit, the camerlengo ventures into the catacombs and finds the canister sitting atop the tomb of Saint Peter.
The camerlengo manages to parachute safely onto the roof of St. Peter's just as the canister explodes harmlessly in the sky.
Langdon manages to survive the explosion using a window cover from the helicopter as a parachute, a trick he learned while touring CERN with Maximillian Kohler and lands in the Tiber River.
The video shows the camerlengo branding himself with the Illuminati diamond and confessing that he himself is Janus, and who set in motion the night's chain of events in order to sabotage the Vatican.
He also confesses that he killed the Pope with an overdose of heparin, a powerful anticoagulant because the Pope revealed he had fathered a child.
Shortly before the novel began, the Pope met with Leonardo Vetra, who believed that antimatter was capable of establishing a link between science and God.
Without waiting to hear the explanation (that the child was the result of artificial insemination) and horrified that the Pope appeared to have broken his vow of chastity, the camerlengo plotted to rectify the situation.
He poisoned the pope and, under the guise of an Illuminati master (Janus), recruited the assassin to kill Vetra, steal the antimatter and kidnap and murder the preferiti.
The camerlengo planted the antimatter in St. Peter's Basilica, feigned his last-minute vision from God, and retrieved the canister just in time to save the Vatican from the ensuing explosion, hoping to unite the struggling Catholic Church.
Upon the discovery and the camerlengo's attempts to justify his murder of the Pope, Cardinal Saverio Mortati, Dean of the College of Cardinals, reveals that the camerlengo is, in fact, the late pope's biological son, conceived with a nun through artificial insemination.
Overcome with guilt, Ventresca soaks himself in oil and sets himself on fire before a crowd of onlookers in St. Peter's Square.
The last brand, the Illuminati Diamond, is given to Langdon on indefinite loan, provided that he return it to the Vatican in his will.
The book's first edition contained numerous inaccuracies of location of places in Rome, as well as incorrect uses of Italian language.
Aside from the explicit introduction, the book depicts various fictional experts explaining matters in science, technology, and history in which critics have pointed out inaccuracies.
An example of this is the antimatter discussions, wherein the book suggests that antimatter can be produced in useful and practical quantities and will be a limitless source of power.
A CERN official, for example, points out that over the last 20 years, approximately 10 billionths of a gram of antimatter has been produced at the facility, whose explosive yield is equivalent to that of a firecracker, far less than is needed for it to be the threat depicted in the novel.
Zimmer adds that the Devil's Advocate was abolished by Pope John Paul II in 1983, 17 years before the novel was published.
Sri Lankabhimanya Lakshman Kadirgamar, PC (; , 12 April 1932 – 12 August 2005) was a Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and statesmen.
He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka from 1994 to 2001 and again from April 2004 until his assassination in August 2005.
He achieved international prominence in this position due to his wide ranging condemnation of the LTTE (Tamil Tigers) and his efforts to have them banned internationally.
He hailed from a Tamil family; his father was Samuel J.C.Kadirgamar Sr, JP, UM a Proctor, who was the President of the Colombo Proctor's Association and the founder President of the Law Society of Ceylon and his mother was Edith Rosemand Parimalam Mather.
His mother died when he was seven years and he was looked after by his older sister Eeswari who married Dr. A.M.D.
He decided to attend Trinity College, Kandy as a boarder for his secondary education even though all his brothers had attended Hindu College, Colombo.
It was a common practice to board children in places away from Colombo as Colombo was under the threat of bombing by Japanese.
At Trinity, he captained the college first eleven cricket team in 1950 while also competing in the college athletics and rugby teams.
He was the winner of the Senior Batting Prize in 1948, a Rugger Coloursman in 1948 and 1949, Trinity Athletics Lion in 1949, and winner of the first Duncan White Challenge Cup for Athletics in 1948.
In recognition of his all-round performance in academic and extra curricular spheres, he was awarded the prestigious Ryde Gold medal for the best all round student of 1950.
In 1950 Kadirgamar went on to study law at the University of Ceylon in Colombo and the year after in Peradeniya, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) (Honors) degree in 1953.
He was the top student with a First Class at the Advocates Intermediate Examination in 1953 of the Ceylon Law College.
In 1954 he won the scholarship for the candidate placed first in the First Class at the Advocates Final Examination of the Ceylon Law College and was awarded prizes for the Law of Evidence and the Law of Persons and Property.
Thereafter he won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, where he studied from 1956 to 1959, receiving in 1960 his BLitt degree from the University of Oxford.
In the same month he became the second Sri Lankan (the first had been Lalith Athulathmudali one year earlier) to be elected to serve as President of the Oxford Union.
In 1963, he was commissioned by Amnesty International to investigate the Buddhist-led resistance campaign that year against the regime in South Vietnam.
Going on to work for international organisations in Geneva, Kadirgamar served in 1974-6 as a consultant for the International Labour Organization (ILO).
Then in 1976 he took up an appointment with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in which he was appointed in 1983 to the newly created post of Director for Asia and the Pacific.
He was serving as Director, Industrial Property Division and Director, Development Cooperation and External Relations Bureau for Asia and the Pacific at WIPO until he was over looked for the post of Deputy Director General.
Although he had never been actively involved in politics before, and had never even addressed a political rally, he was selected as national list MP in 1994 on the People's Alliance (PA) list for the General Elections.
The United States and the United Kingdom proscribed the LTTE on 8 October 1997 and 28 February 2001 respectively, thereby depriving that organisation of a primary source of funding.
Widely respected in his role as foreign minister, he was elected Vice-chairman (1997–99) and later chairman (2003–05) of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC).
He became critical of the attempts to negotiate with the Tamil Tigers insurgents in northern Sri Lanka, and of the Ceasefire Agreement concluded on 22 February 2002 between the government and the Tamil Tigers.
He criticisms of this agreement, and of the Norwegian mediation effort in Sri Lanka, were most cogently expressed in his speech from the opposition in the parliament in Colombo on 8 May 2003.
He stood with the support of South Africa, which was critical of incumbent Don McKinnon's opposition to Zimbabwean involvement in the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2003, at which Zimbabwe withdrew from the organisation.
However, at the vote, held in early December, he was defeated by the New Zealander, with 11 members voting for him against 40 for McKinnon.
Following the victory of the United People's Freedom Alliance in the 2 April 2004 Sri Lankan legislative elections, he was mentioned as a possible candidate for Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, but on 6 April President Kumaratunga appointed Mahinda Rajapaksa to the post.
In 1992, he divorced his first wife Angela, he married again in 1996 Suganthi Wijeysuriya, a lawyer and senior partner at the law firm F. J.
In 1999 he brought a proposal to the UN General Assembly to make the Buddhist holy day, Vesak Day an international celebration day.
In lectures he emphasised the common features in the parables and principles of the great belief-systems: Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam.
During a BBC interview he was asked if he thought he was a traitor to the Tamil people since he was a minister in a Sinhalese-dominated government.
On 12 August 2005, around 2300 (UTC+6), Kadirgamar was shot by an LTTE sniper in Colombo as he was getting out of the swimming pool at his private residence in Cinnamon Gardens.
It is widely believed around the world that Kadirgamar's assassins belong to LTTE, a group banned as a Terrorist Organization by a number of countries including the United States, Canada, India and the European Union primary due to his efforts.
An overwhelming majority of Sri Lankans hold them responsible due to the fact that Kadirgamar was responsible for getting the US among many countries to classify the LTTE as a terrorist organisation.
The Tamil Tigers have denied responsibility for the killing, and have stated that any damage made to their international reputation by Lakshman Kadirgamar was already done, and they would not risk the cease-fire agreement by carrying out this assassination.
The website alleged that they have confessed to having met Charles of the LTTE intelligence and helping out two alleged assassins.
The website further claims that this is seen in some quarters in Sri Lanka as proof that the LTTE was behind his assassination.
Australia's Foreign Minister Alexander Downer paid tribute to Kadirgamar saying he played a key role in bringing forward the peace process in Sri Lanka.
I said I had played before he was born – without helmets and thigh guards, on matting wickets that were full of holes and stones, and I had my share of broken bones to show of it.
Kadirgamar is considered as one of the most successful foreign ministers Sri Lanka has had, due to his successful efforts of changing international opinion on Sri Lanka and the LTTE.
He recognized that significant change was needed within Sri Lanka if its communities were to live together peacefully was an enduring part of his legacy.
The Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies, a think tank on international affairs, was established in his memory a year after his assassination.
An editor-in-chief, also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies.
The highest ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing editor, or executive editor, but where these titles are held while someone else is editor-in-chief, the editor-in-chief outranks the others.
The editor-in-chief heads all departments of the organization and is held accountable for delegating tasks to staff members and managing them.
The term is also applied to academic journals, where the editor-in-chief gives the ultimate decision whether a submitted manuscript will be published.
For larger journals, the decision is often upon the recommendation of one of several associate editors who each have responsibility for a fraction of the submitted manuscripts.
The series is set 34 years after the events of the 1984 All Valley Karate Tournament and revolves around a down-and-out Johnny Lawrence (Zabka) who – seeking to get his life back on track, and obtain redemption for his defeat in the 1984 tournament – reopens the Cobra Kai dojo.
This reignites his rivalry with a now-successful LaRusso, who has been struggling to maintain balance in his life without the guidance of his now-deceased mentor, Mr. Miyagi.
A minisatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 10–60 base pairs) are typically repeated 5-50 times.
Minisatellites occur at more than 1,000 locations in the human genome and they are notable for their high mutation rate and high diversity in the population.
Minisatellites are small sequences of DNA that do not encode proteins but appear throughout the genome hundreds of times, with many repeated copies lying next to each other.
Confusingly, minisatellites are often referred to as VNTRs, and microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs).
Minisatellites also constitute the chromosomal telomeres, which protect the ends of a chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighbouring chromosomes.
Some human minisatellites (~1%) have been demonstrated to be hypermutable, with an average mutation rate in the germline higher than 0.5% up to over 20%, making them the most unstable region in the human genome known to date.
Since all hypermutable minisatellites contain internal variants, they provide extremely informative systems for analyzing the complex turnover processes that occur at this class of tandem repeat.
Minisatellite variant repeat mapping by PCR (MVR-PCR) has been extensively used to chart the interspersion patterns of variant repeats along the array, which provides details on the structure of the alleles before and after mutation.
Somatic instability detected in blood DNA shows simple and rare intra-allelic events two to three orders of magnitude lower than in sperm.
Additional analyses of DNA sequences flanking human minisatellites have also revealed an intense and highly localized meiotic crossover hotspot that is centered upstream of the unstable side of minisatellite arrays.
Repeat turnover therefore appears to be controlled by recombinational activity in DNA that flanks the repeat array and results in a polarity of mutation.
In alternative models, it is the presence of neighbouring double-strand hotspots which is the primary cause of minisatellite repeat copy number variations.
Studies have shown that the evolutionary fate of minisatellites tends towards an equilibrium distribution in the size of alleles, until mutations in the flanking DNA affect the recombinational activity of a minisatellite by suppressing DNA instability.
Discovering their high level of variability, Sir Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting based on minisatellites, solving the first immigration case by DNA in 1985, and the first forensic murder case, the Enderby murders in the United Kingdom, in 1986.
Minisatellites were subsequently also used for genetic markers in linkage analysis and population studies, but were soon replaced by microsatellite profiling in the 1990s.
The term satellite DNA originates from the observation in the 1960s of a fraction of sheared DNA that showed a distinct buoyant density, detectable as a ‘satellite peak’ in density gradient centrifugation, and that was subsequently identified as large centromeric tandem repeats.
In 1998, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama.
Bhimsen Joshi was born on 4 February 1922 in a Kannada-speaking Deshastha Madhva Brahmin family to Gururajrao Joshi and Godavaribai at Gadag in Dharwad district of Karnataka.
As a child, Bhimsen was fascinated with music and musical instruments like the harmonium and tanpura and would often follow processions accompanied by music bands.
This exercise often tired him and he would curl up somewhere and sleep, forcing his parents to go to the police after efforts to trace him failed.
After learning Ragas Bhairav and Bhimpalasi, the one and only unique vigorous style of rendering he developed along with advanced trainings by other teachers is attributed to the basic training he received from Channappa.
With the help of money lent by his co-passengers in the train, Bhimsen reached Dharwad first and later went to Pune.
He travelled for three years around North India, including in Delhi, Kolkata, Gwalior, Lucknow and Rampur, trying to find a good guru.
His debut album, containing a few devotional songs in Marathi and Hindi, was released by HMV the next year in 1942.
His performance at a concert in 1946 to celebrate his guru Sawai Gandharva's 60th birthday won him accolades both from the audience and his guru.
Over the years, his repertoire tended to favour a relatively small number of complex and serious ragas; however, he remained one of the most prolific exponents of Hindustani classical music.
He was a purist who has not dabbled in experimental forms of music, except for a series of Jugalbandi recordings with the Carnatic singer M. Balamuralikrishna.
Gangubai Hangal along with others took Kirana gharana to heights and are proudly referred as worthy son and daughter of kirana gharana.
Bhimsen Joshi was widely recognised in India due to his performance in the Mile Sur Mera Tumhara music video (1988), which begins with him.
Bhimsen Joshi was also a part of Jana Gana Mana produced by A. R. Rahman on the occasion of the 50th year of Indian Republic.
Joshi and his friend Vasantrao Deshpande organised the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival as a homage to his guru, Sawai Gandharva, along with the Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal in 1953, marking Gandharva's first death anniversary.
The festival has been held ever since, typically on the second weekend of December in Pune, Maharashtra also in kundagol Dharwad district and has become not only a cultural event for the city, but an annual pilgrimage for Hindustani Classical music lovers all over the world.
Joshi's iconic status in the music world has earned him a whole generation of who by merely listening to him have picked up his style and not through any formal tutelage.
His greatest endeavour in perpetuating his legacy could be the Sawai Gandharva Festival held at Pune annually since the year 1953 which seeks to promote a certain music culture.
Bigamous marriages among Hindus were prohibited by law in the Bombay Presidency; so he took up residency in Nagpur (capital of Central Province and Berar in 1951) where bigamy was allowed and married there for the second time.
Initially, both his wives and families lived together, but when this did not work out, his first wife moved out with the family to live in a rented house in Limayewadi in Sadashiv Peth, Pune, where Bhimsen continued to visit them.
Busy work (also referred to as make-work and busywork) can refer to activity that is undertaken to pass time and stay busy but in and of itself has no actual value.
Busy work also occurs in business, military and other settings, in situations where people may be required to be present but may lack the opportunities, skills or need to do something more productive.
People may engage in busy work to maintain an appearance of activity, in order to avoid criticism of being inactive or idle.
In the context of education, busy work allows students to work independently, to test their own knowledge and skills, and to practice using new skills learned in the educational setting.
It can consist of various types of schoolwork assigned by a teacher to keep students occupied with activities involving learning and cognition while the teacher focuses upon another group of students.
The functionality of busy work is associated with levels of interest students have with the content of the work, levels of enjoyment students have in performing the work, how purposeful the work is, and how accomplishment of the work is perceived by students.
The perceived results of the work by students is significant: when students feel that they've succeeded in accomplishing a functional task, it's congruent with learning and the attainment of new skills.
Busy work can also be used to keep the students occupied with educational tasks during idle times, such as instances when time in school remains but the day's curriculum has already concluded.
This application of busy work to consume idle time was common in primary education, but the need for work to have educational content, rather than existing just to consume time, is now preferred.
Conditioning students to believe that busy work carries the same value as progressive work can lead to students maintaining this belief later in life, carrying it through to the workplace.
Workers believe that it is more important to maintain a constant appearance of working urgently so that they and others believe that what is being done is important.
Constant urgency in workers can lead to disproportionate distribution of actual work, as workers may put off important work by attempting to complete previously-designated less important work.
Maintaining very high levels of constant busyness may actually be detrimental to the operations of a business or organization in which new tasks are not undertaken in a timely manner because workers are always very busy.
That can also lead to workers taking shortcuts to accomplish tasks more quickly, which can negatively affect the quality of work results.
Busy work also can be counterproductive in work settings because it may not be aligned with the overall objectives and priorities of an organization's plans for attaining and maintaining success in its ventures.
The assumption that activity in the workplace is more important than productivity in the workplace can lead to employees thinking that quantity of work is better than quality of work, which is not productive to the overall functioning of a business.
Tasks of this sort include drill, memorizing regulations, getting haircuts, spit and polishing footwear and other cleaning chores such as scrubbing the deck.
Whether this was true in general for Banach spaces (the approximation property) was an unsolved question for many years; in 1973 Per Enflo gave a counter-example.
The origin of the theory of compact operators is in the theory of integral equations, where integral operators supply concrete examples of such operators.
(where K is a compact operator, f is a given function, and u is the unknown function to be solved for) behaves much like as in finite dimensions.
An important example of a compact operator is compact embedding of Sobolev spaces, which, along with the Gårding inequality and the Lax–Milgram theorem, can be used to convert an elliptic boundary value problem into a Fredholm integral equation.
Existence of the solution and spectral properties then follow from the theory of compact operators; in particular, an elliptic boundary value problem on a bounded domain has infinitely many isolated eigenvalues.
One consequence is that a solid body can vibrate only at isolated frequencies, given by the eigenvalues, and arbitrarily high vibration frequencies always exist.
The compact operators from a Banach space to itself form a two-sided ideal in the algebra of all bounded operators on the space.
Indeed, the compact operators on an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space form a maximal ideal, so the quotient algebra, known as the Calkin algebra, is simple.
where formula_14 and formula_15 are orthonormal sets (not necessarily complete), and formula_16 is a sequence of positive numbers with limit zero, called the singular values of the operator.
The bracket formula_21 is the scalar product on the Hilbert space; the sum on the right hand side converges in the operator norm.
The sarod is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar, with sympathetic strings that give it a resonant, reverberant quality.
It is a fretless instrument able to produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend (glissandi), which are important in Indian music.
Many scholars of Indian classical music believe that the sarod is a combination of the ancient chitravina, the medieval rabab, or the seniya rabab, and modern sursingar.
Some scholars even contend that a similar instrument may have existed about two thousand years ago in ancient India during the ages of the Gupta kings.
In fact, a Gupta period coin depicts the great king Samudragupta playing a veena, which many believe to be the precursor of the sarod.
The present Indian Traces of similar Rabab style instruments can also be found in southern India, especially in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, where it is known as the swarbat.
The folk rabab, an instrument popular in north India, had a wooden fingerboard, its strings were made of silk, cotton or gut, and it was played with a wooden pick.
The sarod is also believed to have descended from the Afghan rubab, a similar instrument originating in Central Asia and Afghanistan.
Another instrument , the Sur-rabab, is known to exist, which has the characteristics of both the dhrupad rabab/seniya rabab and the sarod.
Among the many conflicting and contested histories of the sarod, there is one that attributes its invention to the ancestors of the present-day sarod maestro, Amjad Ali Khan.
Amjad Ali Khan’s ancestor Mohammad Hashmi Khan Bangash, a musician and horse trader, came to India with the Afghan rubab in the mid-18th century, and became a court musician to the Maharajah of Rewa (now in Madhya Pradesh).
It was his descendants, notably his grandson Ghulam Ali Khan Bangash, a court musician in Gwalior, who changed the rubab into the sarod we know today.
The sarod in its present form dates back to approximately 1820, when it started gaining recognition as a serious instrument in Rewa, Shahjahanpur, Gwalior and Lucknow.
However, as is the case with most young, evolving instruments, much work remains to be done in the area of sarod luthiery in order to achieve reliable customization, and precise replication of successful instruments.
The design of this early model is generally credited to Niyamatullah Khan of the Lucknow Gharana as well as Ghulam Ali Khan of the Gwalior-Bangash Gharana.
Both Amjad Ali Khan and Buddhadev Dasgupta have introduced minor changes to their respective instruments which have become the design templates for their followers.
Both musicians use sarods made of teak wood, and a soundboard made of goat skin stretched across the face of the resonator.
Buddhadev Dasgupta prefers a polished stainless steel fingerboard for the ease of maintenance while Amjad Ali Khan uses the conventional chrome or nickel-plated cast steel fingerboard.
Visually, the two variants are similar, with six pegs in the main pegbox, two rounded chikari pegs and 11 (Amjad) to 15 (Buddhadev) sympathetic strings.
This instrument, referred to by David Trasoff as the 1934 Maihar Prototype, is larger and longer than the conventional instrument, though the fingerboard is identical to the traditional sarod.
The lack of frets and the tension of the strings make the sarod a very demanding instrument to play, as the strings must be pressed hard against the fingerboard.
One involves using the tip of one's fingernails to stop the strings, and the other uses a combination of the nail and the fingertip to stop the strings against the fingerboard.
Fingering techniques and how they are taught depends largely on the personal preferences of musicians rather than on the basis of school affiliation.
Radhika Mohan Maitra, for example, used the index, middle and ring finger of his left hand to stop the string, just like followers of Allauddin Khan do.
Amjad Ali Khan, while a member of approximately the same stylistic school as Radhika Mohan, prefers to use just the index and middle fingers of his left hand.
The first radio program in Serbia was broadcast in February 1924, when released radio signal was transmitted from the transmitter in Belgrade suburb of Rakovica.
After five years, on March 24, 1929 Radio Belgrade began with regular broadcasting of its program from the building of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Radio Television Belgrade (RTB), consisting of Radio Belgrade and Television Belgrade (TVB) was established as a result of the decision by the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Serbia on 13 February 1958.
TVB became famous by its sitcoms (directed and written by Radivoje-Lola Djukić, Novak Novak and others (unfortunately, only a small proportion is preserved, owing to implicit censorship and shortage of tapes).
In 1992 Radio Television Belgrade (RTB), together with Radio Television Novi Sad (RTNS), Radio Television Pristina (RTP) and many local government owned radio stations, became part of RTS, a centralized and closely monitored media network intended to be a propaganda tool for Milošević and his government.
The negative media depictions of said ethnic groups are examples of Milošević's state media promoting mass hysteria and to anger Serbs to support the Yugoslav Wars.
Reports about Serbs being massacred by Bosniaks and/or Croats were broadcast daily in order to inflame the Serb and Montenegrin populace.
Examples include the U.S. embassy reporting of falsified stories created by state media of Bosnians and Croats killing nuns and babies.
During the Bosnian war, when Sarajevo was under siege, RTS newscasts showed a still photo from Sarajevo in the 1980s, untouched, in order to create the image that the city was not under siege.
During the Kosovo war, Serbian state media denied the Gornje Obrinje massacre and the Vučitrn massacre, committed by Serb paramilitaries and Serbian police against Albanian civilians on 26 September 1998 and 2–3 May 1999, respectively.
In addition, RTS never reported the 800,000 Kosovar Albanians expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries in Operation Horseshoe, except when a convoy of fleeing Kosovars was killed by NATO bombs.
In 2002, Dragoljub Milanović, the general manager of RTS, was sentenced to ten years in prison because he had failed to order the workers in the building to evacuate, despite knowing that the building would be bombed.
After Milošević's removal from power, RTS underwent reconstruction in order to regain respect amongst much of its audience which the network had lost during the '90s.
This 30-month project, which was funded by the European Union, provided extensive journalism, craft and management training to all levels of staff at the broadcaster.
The new high-definition television system was first put in place in May for the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest while on 26 November 2008, RTS began airing its new channel ‘’RTS Culture and Arts’’ which is a DTT-only channel, transmitted in 16:9 standard definition format, with stereo and 5.1 digital audio.
The theme of the evening's news included a reflection on the past 50 years a projection of the future as well as the news of the day.
The rating of the final of Eurovision was overwhelming with 4.560.000 people tuning in to watch making it the most watched event on Serbian television as well as on RTS.
In 2011, RTS issued a written apology to the citizens of Serbia and former Yugoslavia for its actions during the regime of Slobodan Milošević and the break up of Yugoslavia.
On 23 August 2014, at the 56th anniversary of the broadcaster, RTS got a new visual identity: focusing on new on-screen logos introduced on 18 February for their terrestrial channels.
RTS has two TV centers: in addition to the main TV production center within RTS headquarters complex in the downtown Belgrade, there is also TV production center in Košutnjak (housing two largest studios: Studio 8 and Studio 9).
RTS also has its own correspondents and offices outside of Serbia in: Moscow, London, Brussels, Paris, Rome, Vienna, Washington, D.C., Chicago, and Tokyo.
RTS also broadcasts various world entertainment events as part of its entertainment programming including the Vienna New Year's Concert and Academy Awards ceremony.
Major sporting events are aired on RTS1, especially if a Serbian team or athlete is participating while all other sports broadcasting is aired on RTS2.
RTS broadcast its first Summer Olympic Games in 1996 (previously the Olympics were broadcast in Serbia through Yugoslav Radio Television, JRT) and has held broadcasting rights for both the Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games ever since.
RTS also holds rights to broadcast the FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship, FIBA World Cup, EuroBasket, FIVB Men's World Championship, FIVB Women's World Championship, FIVB Volleyball World League, European Men's Handball Championship, European Water Polo Championship, IAAF World Championships in Athletics, European Athletics Championships, Davis Cup, Fed Cup, Wimbledon, Roland Garros, US Open, Australian Open, etc.
In addition to 5000+ video tapes in the long obsolete quadruplex format, the archive contains tapes in C-type helical scan, U-matic, beta-SP and digital formats.
Also, the archive contains an extensive collection of newsreels, short filmed stories, and feature films on 16 mm and 35 mm tapes.
PGP-RTS is a music production company owned by the television network, starting with production in 1958 under the name PGP-RTB and used to be one of two largest record labels in the former Yugoslavia.
Necros was an early American hardcore punk band from Maumee, Ohio, although they are usually identified with the Detroit music scene.
After going through a handful of bassists (including Donny Brook, Jeff Allsop, David Cooke, Brian Hyland, Jeff Lake, and Brian Pollack), Corey Rusk joined the band.
This 9-song was jointly released by Touch and Go (which Rusk now had a hand in running) and MacKaye's own Dischord Records.
Early on, Necros played with many prominent punk bands, including Black Flag, Bad Brains, Sonic Youth, Minor Threat, and Tesco Vee's group The Meatmen.
Necros also toured as openers for horror punk band the Misfits, including at the Misfits' last show in which Todd Swalla stepped in to play drums when Brian Damage became too drunk to perform.
In 1983 Corey Rusk quit the group to concentrate on Touch and Go, after assuming full control of the label and bassist Ron Sakowski stepped in.
Ron Sakowski and Todd Swalla reunited in the mid 1990s as part of the final line up of Touch And Go artists Laughing Hyenas.
A repeated pattern can be between 1 base pair long (a mononucleotide repeat) to several thousand base pairs long, and the total size of a satellite DNA block can be several megabases without interruption.
Long repeat units have been described containing domains of shorter repeated segments and mononucleotides (1-5 bp), arranged in clusters of microsatellites, wherein differences among individual copies of the longer repeat units were clustered.
The difference in how many of the repeats is present in the region (length of the region) is the basis for DNA fingerprinting.
This comes from the observation that microsatellite alleles usually are length polymorphic; specifically, the length differences observed between microsatellite alleles are generally multiples of the repeat unit length.
Four divergent domains consisted of microsatellite repeats biased in composition with purines on one strand and pyrimidines on the other, including mononucleotide repeats of C:G base pairs approximately 20 bp in length.
Between the strand-biased microsatellite repeats and G:C mononucleotide repeats, all sequence variations retained one or two base pairs with A (purine) interrupting the pyrimidine-rich strand and T (pyrimidine) interrupting the purine-rich strand.
The sequence TTAA was found in one variant of RU, and that particular strand-biased divergent domain was subcloned and its altered helical structure was studied in greater detail.
A fifth divergent domain in the RU sequence was characterized by variations of a symmetrical DNA sequence of alternating purines and pyrimidines shown to adopt a left-handed Z-DNA/stem-loop structure under superhelical stress.
Except for the Z sequence, Z-DNA sequences were variable among different copies of the RU as long as the alternating purine/pyrimidine Z-DNA motif was preserved.
The highly conserved palindromic sequence CGCACGTGCG:CGCACGTGCG was centered at Z, flanked by extended palindromic Z-DNA sequences over a 35 bp domain.
In all RU variants examined, tandem repeats of the CGCAC:GTGCG sequence motif were found in another divergent domain within the RU.
One RU sequence was shown to have multiple copies of an Alu sequence element inserted into a region bordered by inverted repeats where most copies contained just one Alu sequence.
Ali Akbar Khan (14 April 192218 June 2009) was an Indian Hindustani classical musician of the Maihar gharana, known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod.
He established a music school in Calcutta in 1956, and the Ali Akbar College of Music in 1967, which moved with him to the United States and is now based in San Rafael, California, with a branch in Basel, Switzerland.
Nominated five times for the Grammy Award, Khan was a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship and the National Endowment for the Arts's National Heritage Fellowship.
Ali Akbar Khan was born in the village of Shibpur, Nabinagar Upazila, Brahmanbaria, in present-day Bangladesh, (then Comilla, East Bengal), to renowned musician and teacher, Allauddin Khan and Madina Begum.
Soon after his birth, Khan's family returned to Maihar (in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India) where his father was the primary court musician for the Maharaja of the princely state.
From an early age Khan received training from his father in various instruments as well as vocal composition, but finally gravitated towards the sarod.
Allauddin was a perfectionist and a strict taskmaster, and Khan's lessons started before dawn and often lasted 18 hours a day.
During this period he met several prominent musicians, such as the sarodist Timir Baran and flautist Pannalal Ghosh, who came to study with his father; in later years he was joined in his lessons by his sister Annapurna Devi, who became an accomplished player of the surbahar, and fellow student Ravi Shankar.
Ali Akbar Khan, after years of rigorous training, gave his debut performance at a music conference in Allahabad in 1936, at the age of 13.
In 1938 Khan gave his first recital on All India Radio (AIR), Bombay (accompanied on the tabla by Alla Rakha), and starting in January 1940, he gave monthly performances on AIR, Lucknow.
Finally in 1944, both Shankar and Khan left Maihar to start their professional careers as musicians; Shankar went to Bombay, while Khan became the youngest Music Director for AIR, Lucknow, and was responsible for solo performances and composing for the radio orchestra.
When the princely states were wound down with India's independence in 1947 and Hanwant Singh died in a plane crash in 1948, Khan moved to Bombay.
Beginning in 1945, Khan also started recording a series of 78 rpm disks (which could record about three minutes of music) at the HMV Studios in Bombay.
In 1956, Khan founded the Ali Akbar College of Music in Calcutta, with the mission to teach and spread Indian classical music.
He founded another school of the same name in Berkeley, California in 1967 and later moved it to San Rafael, California.
Khan was the first Indian musician to record an LP album of Indian classical music in the United States and to play sarod on American television.
Khan has participated in a number of classic jugalbandi pairings, most notably with Ravi Shankar, Nikhil Banerjee and violinist L. Subramaniam.
In August 1971, Khan performed at Madison Square Garden for the Concert for Bangladesh, along with Ravi Shankar, Alla Rakha and Kamala Chakravarty; other musicians at the concert included George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton and Ringo Starr.
Ali Akbar Khan married three times (first Zubeida Begum, then Rajdulari Khan Sahiba, and last one Mary Khan), and is survived by eight sons and four daughters.
Six of his children and one grandson are musicians: Aashish Khan Debasharma (b 1939, sarod), Dhyanesh Khan (1941–90; sarod), Ameena Perrera (Sitar), Pranesh Khan (tabla), Rajesh Khan (sarod), Alam Khan (b 1982, sarod), Manik Khan (Sarod); and his grandson, Shiraz Ali Khan (sarod).
In 1997, Khan received the National Endowment for the Arts' prestigious National Heritage Fellowship, the United States' highest honour in the traditional arts.
In electrical engineering and telecommunications, the center frequency of a filter or channel is a measure of a central frequency between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies.
It is usually defined as either the arithmetic mean or the geometric mean of the lower cutoff frequency and the upper cutoff frequency of a band-pass system or a band-stop system.
Typically, the geometric mean is used in systems based on certain transformations of lowpass filter designs, where the frequency response is constructed to be symmetric on a logarithmic frequency scale.
The geometric center frequency corresponds to a mapping of the DC response of the prototype lowpass filter, which is a resonant frequency sometimes equal to the peak frequency of such systems, for example as in a Butterworth filter.
The arithmetic definition is used in more general situations, such as in describing passband telecommunication systems, where filters are not necessarily symmetric but are treated on a linear frequency scale for applications such as frequency-division multiplexing.
Tansen (c. 1500 – 1586), also referred to as Tan Sen or Ramtanu, was a prominent figure of Hindustani classical music.
He began his career and spent most of his adult life in the court and patronage of the Hindu king of Rewa, Raja Ramchandra Singh (r.1555–1592), where Tansen's musical abilities and studies gained widespread fame.
This reputation brought him to the attention of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who sent messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh, requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court.
Tansen did not want to go, but Raja Ramchandra Singh encouraged him to gain a wider audience, and sent him along with gifts to Akbar.
In 1562, about the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar court, and his performances became a subject of many court historians.
Tansen was a composer, musician and vocalist, to whom many compositions have been attributed in northern regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Tansen's date and place of birth are unclear, but most sources place his birth about 1500 CE, or between 1493 and 1506.
His father Mukund Pandey (also known as Makrand Pandey, Mukund Mishra, or Mukund Ram) was a wealthy poet and accomplished musician, who for some time was a Hindu temple priest in Varanasi.
He began his career and spent most of his adult life in the court and patronage of the Hindu king of Rewa (princely state), Raja Ramchandra Singh, where Tansen's musical abilities and studies gained him widespread fame and following.
Tansen's reputation brought him to the attention of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who sent messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh, requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court.
Tansen initially refused to go, sought to retire instead into solitude, but Raja Ramchandra Singh, encouraged him to gain wider audience, and sent him along with gifts to Akbar.
The legendary oral versions about Tansen's early life and schooling particularly differ depending on whether the story has origins in Hindu legends (Vaishnavism) or Muslim legends (Sufism).
According to Bonnie Wade – a professor of Music specializing in South Asia Studies, Swami Haridas is widely accepted to have been Tansen's teacher, and it is clear that Tansen connected with Muhammad Ghaus as well, but the evidence suggests that Tansen is less affiliated with either religion, more with music.
At some point, he was discipled for some time to Swami Haridas, the legendary composer from Vrindavan and part of the stellar Gwalior court of Raja Man Singh Tomar (1486–1516 AD), specialising in the Dhrupad style of singing.
His talent was recognised early and it was the ruler of Gwalior who conferred upon the maestro the honorific title 'Tansen'.
This was the time when the Bhakti tradition was fomenting a shift from Sanskrit to the local idiom (Brajbhasa and Hindi), and Tansen's compositions also highlight this trend.
At some point during his apprenticeship, Tansen's father died, and he returned home, where it is said he used to sing at a local Shiva temple.
The presence of musicians like Tansen in Akbar's court was an attempt to accept and integrate the Hindu and Muslim traditions within the Mughal Empire.
Most of these were derived from the Hindu Puranas, composed in Braj Bhasha, and written in praise of gods and goddesses such as Ganesha, Sarasvati, Surya, Shiva, Vishnu (Narayana and Krishna avatar).
A national music festival known as 'Tansen Samaroh' is held every year in December, near the tomb of Tansen at Behat as a mark of respect to his memory.
It is said that Tansen would perform different ragas at different times of day, and the emperor and his select audience would honour him with coins.
Among the legends about Tansen are stories of his bringing down the rains with Raga Megh Malhar and lighting lamps by performing Raga Deepak.
Raga Megh Malhar is still in the mainstream repertoire, but raga Deepak is no longer known; three different variants exist in the Bilawal, Poorvi and Khamaj thaats.
According to one version, written by Islamic historians, Tansen died in 1586 in Delhi, and that Akbar and much of his court attended the funeral procession which was completed according to Muslim customs.
Other versions, written by Hindu historians, give 26 April 1589 as the date of his death and that his funeral observed mostly Hindu customs.
Tansen's story was extensively researched and showcased in a Pakistan Television's series in the late 1980s where the classical singer's entire life was explored.
A film titled 'Tansen' was to be made in 1977, but due to some financial difficulties, the producer left the film; which ended the production.
A song from the film titled 'Shadjane Paya', written and composed by Ravindra Jain and sung by K. J. Yesudas, was released years later through YouTube.
It was fought at Hedgeley Moor, north of the villages of Glanton and Powburn in Northumberland, between a Yorkist army led by John Neville, Lord Montagu and a Lancastrian army led by Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset.
At the beginning of 1464, after setbacks in 1463, the Lancastrians were hoping that the Welsh Marches and the West Country would rise in their support.
The English parliament was due to meet at York on 5 May to discuss terms with a party from Scotland, but a burst of Lancastrian activity in Northumberland and North Yorkshire meant that it would be difficult for the Scottish party to travel safely to York.
Montagu then advanced across the 1,500 yards of moorland, only to be forced to halt and readjust his lines when the Lancastrian left flank, under Lords Roos and Hungerford (some 2,000 men), faltered, broke and scattered.
The defeat and dispersal of the Lancastrian forces made it possible for the Scottish negotiators to be safely escorted to York, where a peaceful solution was successfully negotiated.
It can be found on the east side of the A697, a couple of miles north of the village of Powburn.
A pew () is a long bench seat or enclosed box, used for seating members of a congregation or choir in a church, synagogue or sometimes a courtroom.
The first backless stone benches began to appear in English churches in the thirteenth century, originally placed against the walls of the nave.
Over time, they were brought into the centre of the room, first as moveable furniture and later fixed to the floor.
The rise of the sermon as a central act of Christian worship, especially in Protestantism, made the pew a standard item of church furniture.
In some churches, pews were installed at the expense of the congregants, and were their personal property; there was no general public seating in the church itself.
Pews were originally purchased from the church by their owners under this system, and the purchase price of the pews went to the costs of building the church.
When the pews were privately owned, their owners sometimes enclosed them in lockable pew boxes, and the ownership of pews was sometimes controversial, as in the case of B. T. Roberts: a notice that the pews were to be free in perpetuity was sometimes erected as a condition of building grants.
Certain areas of the church were considered to be more desirable than others, as they might offer a better view of services or, indeed, might make a certain family or person more prominent or visible to their neighbours during these services.
During the late medieval and early modern period, attendance at church was legally compulsory, so the allocation of a church's pews offered a public visualisation of the social hierarchy within the whole parish.
Alternatively, wealthier inhabitants often expected more prestigious seating in reward for contribution to the material upkeep of the church, such as the erection of galleries.
Usually a pathway is left between pews in the center to allow for a procession; some have benchlike cushioned seating, and hassocks or footrests, although more traditional, conservative churches usually have neither cushions nor footrests.
Sometimes the church may also provide stations on certain rows that allow the hearing-impaired to use headsets in order to hear the sermon.
In churches with a tradition of public kneeling prayer, pews are often equipped with kneelers in front of the seating bench so members of the congregation can kneel on them instead of the floor.
These kneeler boards may be 15 cm or so wide and elevated perhaps 10–15 cm above the floor, but dimensions can vary widely.
Permanently attached kneelers are often made so they can be rotated or otherwise moved up out of the way when the congregation members are not kneeling.
Due to the prominence in European culture and usefulness, the usage of the pew has spread to many courtrooms in Europe and has additionally spread to Jewish synagogues due to trends of modelling synagogues similar to churches in Western Europe.
In most old churches the family names are carved into the end of the pew to show who sat there but in some bigger cases the name of a village was carved into the end and only one person from every village came to mass every week.
Until the early/mid twentieth century, it was common practice in Anglican, Catholic, and Presbyterian churches to rent pews in churches to families or individuals as a principal means of raising income.
The billboard was voted in 2011 as the most iconic outdoor ad during the past five decades by the Outdoor Media Centre.
Headquartered in the Akashvani Bhavan building in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, the FM Section, the National Service, and is also home to the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra, (Delhi).
All India Radio is the largest radio network in the world, and one of the largest broadcasting organizations in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast and the spectrum of socio-economic and cultural diversity it serves.
AIR’s home service comprises 420 stations located across the country, reaching nearly 92% of the country’s area and 99.19% of the total population.
Broadcasting began in June 1923 during the British Raj with programs by the Bombay Presidency Radio Club and other radio clubs.
According to an agreement on 23 July 1927, the private Indian Broadcasting Company Ltd (IBC) was authorized to operate two radio stations: the Bombay station which began on 23 July 1927, and the Calcutta station which followed on 26 August 1927.
The government took over the broadcasting facilities and began the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) on 1 April 1930 on an experimental basis for two years, and permanently in May 1932 it then went on to become All India Radio on 8 June 1936.
Deccan Radio (Nizam Radio 1932), the first radio station in Hyderabad State (now Hyderabad, India), went live on air on 3 February 1935.
On 1 April 1950, Deccan Radio was taken over by the Indian Government, and in 1956 it was merged with All India Radio (AIR).
The headquarters of the Regional Deputy Directors General are located in Delhi and Chandigarh (NR), Lucknow and Bhopal (CR), Guwahati (NER), Kolkata (ER), Mumbai and Ahmedabad (WR), Chennai and Bangalore (SR).
The external services of All India Radio are broadcast in 27 languages to countries outside India via high-power shortwave band broadcasts.
In addition to broadcasts targeted at specific countries by language, there is a General Overseas Service broadcasting in English with 8¼ hours of programming each day aimed at a general international audience.
The external broadcasts were begun on 1 October 1939 by the British government to counter the propaganda of the Nazis directed at the Afghan people.
The external services broadcast in 16 foreign and 11 Indian languages, with a total program output of 70¼ hours per day on medium and shortwave frequencies.
Two high powered FM stations of All India Radio are being installed in Amritsar and Fazilka in the Punjab to supplement the programs broadcast from transmitters operating from Jalandhar, New Delhi, Chandigarh and Mumbai and to improve the broadcast services during unfavourable weather conditions in the border regions of Punjab.
Today, the External Services Division of All India Radio broadcasts daily with 57 transmissions with almost 72 hours or programming covering over 108 countries in 27 languages, of which 15 are foreign and 12 Indian.
The foreign languages are: Arabic, Baluchi, Burmese, Chinese, Dari, French, Indonesian, Persian, Pushtu, Russian, Sinhala, Swahili, Thai, Tibetan and English (General Overseas Service).
The longest daily broadcast is the Urdu Service to Pakistan, around the clock on DTH (direct-broadcast satellite) and on short- and medium wave for 12¼ hrs.
The external services of AIR are also broadcast to Europe in DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) on 9950 kHz between 1745–2230 UTC.
These external transmissions are broadcast by high-power transmitters located at Aligarh, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Guwahati, Mumbai and Panaji on shortwave and from Jalandhar, Kolkata, Nagpur, Rajkot and Tuticorin on medium wave.
Programs are beamed to different parts of the world except for the Americas and the reception quality is very good in the target areas.
In each language service, the program consists of news, commentary, a press review, talks on matters of general or cultural interest, feature programmes, documentaries and music from India and the target region.
Most programs originate at New Broadcasting House on Parliament Street in New Delhi, with a few originating at SPT Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jalandhar, Kolkata, HPT Malad Mumbai, Thiruvananthapuram and Tuticorin.
The External Services Division of AIR is a link between India and rest of the world, especially in countries with Indian emigrants and people of Indian origin.
It broadcasts the Indian point of view on matters of national and international importance, and demonstrates the Indian way of life through its programs.
QSL cards (which are sought-after by international radio hobbyists) are issued to radio hobbyists by AIR in New Delhi for reception reports of their broadcasts.
Direct-to-home (DTH) service is a satellite broadcast service in which a large number of radio channels are digitally beamed down over a territory from a high-power satellite.
The DTH signals can be received directly at homes using a small-sized dish receiver unit containing a dish antenna installed on a building’s rooftop or on a wall facing clear south and one indoors.
All India Radio launched news-on-phone service on 25 February 1998 in New Delhi; it now has service in Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna and Bangalore.
There are plans to establish the service in 11 additional cities including: Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Guwahati, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Ranchi, Shimla and Thiruvananthapuram.
This format has been revived by AIR producers across India because of its flexibility, its relative low cost to produce, its messaging potential and its creative potential.
Since its inception in the 1960s, the unit has produced more than 1,500 plays, and the CDU houses a repository of old scripts and productions.
Each play included in the National Programme of Plays is produced in 22 Indian languages and broadcast at the same time by all regional and national network stations.
The News Service Division's Social Media Cell was established on 20 May 2013 and is responsible for providing AIR news on new media platforms such as websites, Twitter, Facebook, and SMS.
A confessional is a box, cabinet, or stall in which the priest in some Christian churches sits to hear the confessions of penitents.
It is the usual venue for the sacrament in the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran Churches, but similar structures are also used in Anglican churches of an Anglo-Catholic orientation.
The confessional is usually a wooden structure, with a centre compartment—entered through a door or curtain—in which the priest sits, and on each side there is a latticed opening for the penitents to speak through and a step on which they kneel.
Confessionals sometimes form part of the architectural scheme of the church; many finely decorated specimens, dating from the late 16th and the 17th centuries, are found in churches on the continent of Europe.
In Eastern Orthodox Church confessionals are not used: the confession often occurs in sight of other believers, e.g., those waiting in the row for the same purpose, but at some distance from them to not break the seal of confession.
the confessional of Church of St. Trophime at Arles) where the name was attached to the spot, whether cell or seat, where noted saints had a habit of hearing confessions.
In the popular Protestant view confessional boxes are associated with the scandals, real or supposed, of the practice of auricular confession.
They were, however, devised to guard against such scandals by securing at once essential publicity and a reasonable privacy, and by separating priest and penitent.
In the Middle Ages stringent rules were laid down, in this latter respect, by the canon law in the case of confessions by women and especially nuns.
It would seem that the priest usually heard confessions at the chancel opening or at a bench end in the nave near the chancel.
At Lenham in Kent there is an ancient armchair in stone, with a stone bench and steps on one side, which appears to be a confessional.
With the revival of the practice of auricular confession in the Church of England, confessionals were introduced into some parishes with an Anglo-Catholic bent.
Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca, commonly referred as Cuenca (Quechua: Tumipampa) is the capital and largest city of the Azuay Province of Ecuador.
Cuenca is located in the highlands of Ecuador at about above sea level, with an urban population of approximately 329,928 and 661,685 inhabitants in the larger metropolitan area.
According to studies and archeological discoveries, the origins of the first inhabitants go back to the year 8060 BC in the Cave of Chopsi.
Beginning around 2000 BCE, the people developed a more highly organized society, demonstrating delegated responsibilities, such as the managing of water and control of plagues.
From then until 500 AD began the periods of Tacalshapa III and the Cañari people, who were absorbed into the Incas in the 15th century.
Less than half a century before the conquistadors landed, the Incas, after a bitter struggle, conquered the Cañari and occupied Guapondeleg and the surrounding area.
Though the Incas replaced the Cañari architecture with their own, they did not suppress the Cañari or their impressive achievements in astronomy and agriculture.
Indians told stories to the Spanish chroniclers of golden temples and other such wonders, but by the time the Spaniards found the legendary city, all that remained were ruins.
Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, then Viceroy of Peru had commissioned the founding and ordered the city named after his home town of Cuenca, Spain.
It was founded decades after other major Spanish settlements in the region, such as Quito (1534), Guayaquil (1538), and Loja (1548).
Cuena reached the peak of its importance in the first years of Ecuador's independence; Cuenca achieved its independence on November 3, 1820.
As per the last INEC estimate for 2015, the population of the Cuenca canton was 580,000 inhabitants, of which 400,000 constitute the urban population (i.e., the population of the city proper).
Cuenca Metropolitan Area includes the cities of Azogues, Biblian and Deleg in the cañar province and the cities of Paute and Gualaceo in the Azuay province with a population of 730,000 inhabitants, however, Cuenca's influence in the cultural, economic and educational areas extends to all the remaining cities around.
It is considered the third oldest university of the country, right after the Universidad Central del Ecuador (1836) and the Universidad Nacional de Loja (1859).
This led to the declaration of Cuenca as the City of Universities by the National Assembly of Ecuador on January 4, 2011.
The first one is classified as an A category university the next two are B category and the last one is D category.
Most tourists visit the historic area, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, between the river Tomebamba and the street Gran Colombia to the north, General Torres to the west, and Hermano Miguel to the east.
It is located on Avenida España in the northeastern corner of the city, a twenty-minute walk or a brief taxi ride from the historic center.
Service is available to major cities, such as Guayaquil and Quito and also to nearby cities such as Loja, Riobamba, or Machala.
The airport, named Aeropuerto Mariscal Lamar (Mariscal Lamar International Airport), is due east of the Terminal Terrestre (bus station) on Avenida España.
Four airlines currently serve Cuenca; AeroGal, LAN Ecuador, and TAME fly to Quito daily while Línea Aérea Cuencana (no longer operating as of November 2013) and TAME fly to Guayaquil.
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Cuenca, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 51 minutes, with only 7% of public transit riders riding for more than 2 hours every day.
The average amount of time people wait at a bus stop or bus station for public transit is 11 minutes, while a mere 9% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day.
The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 3.8 km, while 0% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.
When the Iberian peninsula was part of the Roman Empire, there were several important settlements in the province, such as Segobriga, Ercavica and Gran Valeria.
When the Muslims captured the area in 714, they soon realized the value of this strategic location and they built a fortress (called Kunka) between two gorges dug between the Júcar and Huécar rivers, surrounded by a 1 km-long wall.
Around the 12th century the Christians, living in northern Spain during the Muslim presence, started to slowly recover the Iberian peninsula.
In 1080 King Yahya al-Qadir of Toledo lost his taifa, and his vizier signed in Cuenca a treaty with Alfonso VI of León and Castile by which he ceded him some fortresses in exchange for military help.
However, when his lands were attacked by the Almoravids, he sent his daughter-in-law Zaida to Alfonso, offering him Cuenca in exchange for military support.
He had to defend his lands from the Almohad invasion until his death 1172, after which his son had to sign a pact of tributes with the newcomers.
A 17-year-old Alfonso VIII of Castile tried to conquer the city, but after five months of siege, he had to retreat after the arrival of troops sent by the Almohad caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf.
Alfonso signed a seven-year truce but when, in 1176 the Cuencans occupied some Christian lands in Huete and Uclés, Alfonso intervened at the head of a coalition including also Ferdinand II of León, Alfonso II of Aragon and the Military Orders of Calatrava, Santiago and Montegaudio, besieging Cuenca for months starting from 1177's Epiphany.
The city's commander, Abu Bakr, again sought the support of Yaqub Yusuf, but the latter was in Africa and did not send any help.
After an unsuccessful Cuenca sortie against the Christian camp on 27 July, the besieged city was conquered by Alfonso's troops on 21 September 1177, while the Muslim garrison took refuge in the citadel.
It was given a set of laws, the Fuero, written in Latin, that ruled Cuenca's citizens, and it was considered one of the most perfectly written at that time.
The diocese of Cuenca was established in 1183; its second bishop was St. Julian of Cuenca, who became patron saint of the city.
The cathedral started to be built at that time, in an Anglo-Norman style, with many French workers, since Alfonso VIII's wife, Eleanor, had French cultural affinity.
During the 18th century the textile industry declined, especially when Carlos IV forbade this activity in Cuenca in order to prevent competition with the Real Fábrica de Tapices (Royal Tapestry Factory), and Cuenca's economy declined, thus losing population dramatically (5,000 inhabitants).
The city lost population, with only around 6,000 inhabitants, and only the arrival of railroads in the 19th century, together with the timber industry, were able to boost Cuenca moderately, and population increased as a result to reach 10,000 inhabitants.
In 1874, during the Third Carlist War, Cuenca was taken over by Carlist troops, supporters of Carlos María Isidro as king instead of the ruling Isabel II, and the city suffered great damage once more.
It had to be rebuilt by Vicente Lámperez, with two new twin towers at both ends of the façade, which have remained unfinished without the upper part of them.
There was poverty in rural areas, and the Catholic Church was attacked, with monks, nuns, priests and a bishop of Cuenca, Cruz Laplana y Laguna, being murdered.
During the post-war period the area suffered a major economic decline, causing many people to migrate to more prosperous regions, mainly the Basque Country and Catalonia, but also to other countries such as Germany.
The city started to recover slowly from 1960 to 1970, and the town limits went far beyond the gorge to the flat surroundings.
In recent decades the city has experienced a moderate growth in population and economy, the latter especially due to the growing tourism sector, and both of them fuelled by improvements in road and train communications.
Cuenca has strongly bet on culture and as a result of this it was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996.
In recent years, new cultural infrastructure such as the municipal Concert Hall and the Science Museum saw Cuenca unsuccessfully apply for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.
Spring and autumn seasons are short, with pleasant temperatures during the day but with rather cold nights due to its altitude from above sea level up to in the old town.
It is the first gothic style Cathedral in Spain (together with Avila's one), because of the influence of Alfonso VIII's wife, Eleanor, daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, who introduced the Anglo-Norman style.
An apse-aisle (doble girola) was added in the 15th century, while the Renaissance Esteban Jamete's Arch was erected in the 16th century.
In the early 1990s modern coloured windows were installed, and in 2006 one of the two old baroque organs from Julián de la Orden was recovered.
It is said that if one prays looking at these signs one would obtain a five-year forgiveness for one's sins, and seven years if one prays during the patron saint's day.
The dome was built by Esteban Jamete in the 16th Century, and finally the wooden ceiling of the two naves was replaced with stone vaults during the 18th Century.
Saint Michael was restored in the 20th Century, and its management was transferred to Cuenca's municipality from Cuenca's Diocese, so that this church could be used to hold classical music concerts.
Saint Michael is accessed through a descending narrow passage which starts at Plaza Mayor left lateral (looking from the Town Hall).
The original bridge collapsed, and the current one was built in 1902, made of wood and iron according to the style dominating at the beginning of the 20th century.
The Seminary (Seminario), a rectangular building stretching from Plaza de la Merced to Mangana Square, was established under the rule of José Flores y Osorio, the Bishop of Cuenca (1738–1759), and built by Vicente Sevill, around 1745.
In 2004 some books from this library were stolen, but the suspect of the robbery was caught and the books recovered before entering on an auction process.
The convent of Saint Paul was built in the 16th century by command of the canon priest Juan del Pozo, a monk belonging to the Dominican Order.
Brothers Juan and Pedro de Alviz were in charge of the building project; Pedro worked on the convent and the cloister and Juan on the church.
The convent was ruled by Dominican friars, but during the 19th century was handed over to the Pauline Fathers, who were based here until 1975, when they left due to the possible collapse of the building.
The rooms where the collection is shown were remodeled by architect Fernando Barja Noguerol, and Gustavo Torner selected the art pieces from an inventory made by some priests of the Diocese in 1977.
Some of the diocese's artistic patrimony was lost during the Peninsular War, the confiscation of ecclesiastical property by Juan Álvarez Mendizábal, and the Spanish Civil War.
Masterpieces like The Byzantine Diptych (book-like silver work whose origin is dated around 1370, containing saints' relics), paintings by El Greco, and handcrafted carpets from Cuenca's school, can be seen at the museum.
Only a tower, two stone blocks, the arch which allows to enter/leave the old town from the Barrio del Castillo and a fragment of the walls have been left.
The castle was home of the Holy Inquisition after 1583, and it was finally destroyed during the 19th century by French soldiers during the Spanish War of Independence.
In 1565 it was painted by Anton van den Wyngaerde, which indicates that at that time Mangana had already been built up, and after the attacks by French soldiers during the Spanish War of Independence war – at the beginning of the 19th century – and having been hit previously by a thunderbolt in the 18th century, it became badly destroyed.
It has a clock on one of its walls and a recording of bell chimes can be heard in the old town at certain times (every quarter of an hour).
The Town Hall is a building in baroque style built up during the ruling period of King Carlos III and supported over three Roman arches.
They house a restaurant and the Museum of Abstract Arts and they serve as the background of millions of photos made from the bridge of San Pablo.
On top of the Cerro del Socorro you can find the monument devoted to the Holy Heart of Jesus, whose materials were transported on donkeys in the mid-20th century.
It can be accessed by taking the road to Palomera / Buenache de la Sierra (Huecar river gorge) and turn right after , approx.
On 2010 December 19 a new AVE (high-speed rail) link was established between Madrid – Atocha and Valencia and some of them stops at the Cuenca – Fernando Zobel station, providing travellers with frequent connections every day with both Madrid and Valencia, reducing the journey time to only 50 minutes to/from Madrid and one hour to/from Valencia.
The A-40 motorway, recently completed, connects the city with the A-3 at Tarancón, away from Madrid, thus totalling to Spain's capital, and far from Valencia, via the A-3 in the opposite sense.
An immediate example of simple algebras are division algebras, where every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse, for instance, the real algebra of quaternions.
Simple algebras are building blocks of semi-simple algebras: any finite-dimensional semi-simple algebra is a Cartesian product, in the sense of algebras, of simple algebras.
As congruences on rings are characterized by their ideals, this notion is a straightforward generalization of the notion from ring theory: a ring is simple in the sense that it has no nontrivial ideals if and only if it is simple in the sense of universal algebra.
The same remark applies with respect to groups and normal subgroups; hence the universal notion is also a generalization of a simple group (it is a matter of convention whether a one-element algebra should be or should not be considered simple, hence only in this special case the notions might not match).
The river Arade, which was navigable in historical times, linked the hinterland to the open ocean and allowed the transport of produce and commerce.
It was probably a Lusitanian Castro in the pre-Roman times, however the region was also settled by other Indo-European tribes, just like the Celtici and Cynetes (or Conii).
Silves became an independent taifa in 1027 under the rule of Ibn Mozaine and his son, who was dethroned in 1051 by al-Mu'tadid, the governor of Seville.
The town was finally taken from the last Muslim king Ibn Afan by Paio Peres Correia, Grand-Master of the Order of Santiago in 1242, after the Alentejo and most of the coast had already fallen in 1238.
Parts of the Almohad town wall, constructed from poured concrete, have been preserved, as well as the Almedina-gate (Porta de Loulé).
Archaeological excavations have shown that the oldest buildings date back to the 8th century, the stratigraphy is almost 6 m deep and contains Iron Age remains as well.
The walls are made of red sandstone (grés de Silves) with a pisé-core and have been heavily restored in the 1940s.
After the Christian conquest, the castle served as the seat of the alcaide-mor (provincial governor) till the middle of the 16th century, afterwards the towers were used as a prison.
The municipality is crossed by the Arade River, which was navigable in historical times and was key to the prosperity of the city of Silves.
Silves is built on top of one of the largest underground aquifers in the south of Portugal, The Querença-Silves Aquifer , and has many orange groves, a fruit introduced by the Moors.
In 1965 they joined with their major pre-war rival Solex Carburettors and over time the Zenith brand name fell into disuse.
While better known for their much later products, Zeniths were standard equipment on some very early, brass era automobiles, including the Scripps-Booth.
The big products of Zenith were the Zenith-Stromberg carburettors used from 1965–1967 Humber Super Snipe Series Va/Vb, Humber Imperial, 1967–1975 Jaguar E-types, Saab 99s, 90s and early 900s, 1969–1972 Volvo 140s and 164s, 1966–1979 Hillman Minx, Hunter (Arrow), 1966–1970 Singer Gazelle/Vogue (Arrow), 1967–1975 Sunbeam Alpine/Rapier Fastback (Arrow), 1970–1981 Hillman/Chrysler/Talbot/Sunbeam Avenger/Plymouth Cricket and some 1960s and 1970s Triumphs.
Designed and developed by Denis Barbet (Standard Triumph) and Harry Cartwrite (Zenith) to break SU's patents, the Stromberg carburettor features a variable venturi controlled by a piston.
Since the needle is tapered, as it rises and falls it opens and closes the opening in the jet, regulating the passage of fuel, so the movement of the piston controls the amount of fuel delivered, depending on engine demand.
Counteracting this force is the weight of the piston and the force of a compression spring which is compressed by the piston rising; because the spring is operating over a very small part of its possible range of extension, the spring force approximates to a constant force.
Under steady state conditions the upwards and downwards forces on the piston are equal and opposite, and the piston does not move.
If the airflow into the engine is increased – by opening the throttle plate, or by allowing the engine revolutions to rise with the throttle plate at a constant setting – the pressure drop in the venturi increases, the pressure above the piston falls, and the piston is sucked upwards, increasing the size of the venturi, until the pressure drop in the venturi returns to its nominal level.
Since the position of the piston controls the position of the needle in the jet, and thus the open area of the jet, while the depression in the venturi sucking fuel out of the jet remains constant, the rate of fuel delivery is always a definite function of the rate of air delivery.
With appropriate selection of the needle, the fuel delivery can be matched much more closely to the demands of the engine than is possible with the more common fixed-venturi carburettor, an inherently inaccurate device whose design must incorporate many complex fudges to obtain usable accuracy of fuelling.
The well-controlled conditions under which the jet is operating also make it possible to obtain good and consistent atomisation of the fuel under all operating conditions.
To prevent erratic and sudden movements of the piston it is damped by light oil in a dashpot (under the white plastic cover in the picture) which requires periodic topping up.
There is now a popular notion that Momotarō is a local hero of Okayama Prefecture, but this claim was invented in the modern era, and not accepted as consensus in scholarly circles.
Momotarō was born from a giant peach, which was found floating down a river by an old, childless woman who was washing clothes there.
One significant change is that in most examples of Edo Period literature, Momotarō was not born from a peach, but born naturally to the elderly couple who ate the peach and regained their youth.
Although the oral version of the story may have emerged during the Muromachi Period (1392–1573), it may not have been set down in writing until the Edo Period (1603–1867).
Whether belonging to the first or second groups, texts from the Edo Period generally follow the same general plot as the modern standard versions but exhibit certain differences in detail.
As noted above, in most of the Edo Period books, peach boy is not born from the peach but from the woman who consumes the peach and grows years younger in age.
In one subjective estimation, Momotarō appeared about age 30-ish until c. 1735, 25-ish up to c. 1800, and 20-ish until the end of Edo Period in 1867.
Not every text specifies age, but in the version in (1798–1861)'s Momotarō's was 15 years and 6 months when he set out on his expedition.
The Momotarō in Iwaya Sazanami's version of 1894 was of similar age (15 years old) when he resolved to go to devil island.
After Japan abandoned the feudal system and entered the Meiji Period, became a seminal figure in how the Momotaro story was shaped and became familiarized to the Japanese masses.
For he was not only the author of the Momotaro tales in his commercially successful folktale collections, but also a major contributor to the textbook versions.
It was subsequently omitted from the 1st edition of the National Language Reader or but reappeared from the 2nd edition onward to the 5th edition.
It has been suggested these ogres represented the Qing dynasty of China since the publication occurred in the year of outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War.
Teachers in essays submitted 1917 stated that the perception of the Momotaro tale was shifting, so that they were seen as containing lessons of assertiveness and helping in the material advancement of one's country..
In the early Shōwa era, after Emperor Hirohito assumed the throne, Momotarō continued to be used to instill patriotism (or the teachings of the Rescript on Education) pupils with the 4th edition National Language Reader (1933–1938) which begins with the picture of the cherry blossom.
In some variants, a red and white box is seen floating down the river, and when the red box is chosen to be recovered, Momotarō is found inside.
There are variances about the Momotarō's process of growth; one is that he grew up to meet the expectation of the old couple to be a fine boy.
Another is that he grew up to be a strong but lazy person who just sleeps all day and does not do anything.
Nowadays, Momotarō is one of the most famous characters in Japan, as an ideal model for young kids for his kind-heartedness, bravery, power, and care for his parents.
Grown up, Momotarō goes on his journey to defeat the demons when he hears about the demons of the Onigashima (demon island).
In some versions of the story, Momotarō volunteered to go help the people by repelling the demons, but in some stories he was forced by the townspeople or others to go on a journey.
Momotarō now enjoys popular association with Okayama City or its prefecture, but this association was only created in the modern era.
Still, even as late as the antebellum period before World War II (1941–1945), Okayama was considered only the third contender behind two other regions known as Momotarō's homeland.
The demon island () of the story is sometimes associated with Megijima Island, an island in the Seto Inland Sea near Takamatsu, due to the vast manmade caves found there.
William Elliot Griffis published a version in 1880, which remained obscure even to researchers, even though English translations in subsequent decades apparently borrowed from Griffis's phraseology and use of idiom, sometimes even copying outright.
It was used to convey the idea that Japan would fight against the wicked, yet powerful, United States and victory could only be achieved if the citizens supported the government.
Also, the food and treasure that Momotarō and the animals earned after conquering the oni was supposed to reflect the glory that the powerful Japanese Empire would have had after defeating the United States.
They are the rough equivalent of bars in western music, but instead of always being equal subdivisions of the tala (the rhythmic cycle - think 12 bar blues), they can be uneven.
Formed in 1979 by songwriter/guitarist Kurt Bloch (born August 28, 1960), and friends Lulu Gargiulo (guitar and vocals, born October 12, 1960) and Kim Warnick (bass and vocals, born April 7, 1959), they disbanded in 2001.
Although these three band members remained fairly constant, they went through numerous drummers, including Duff McKagan, later of Guns N' Roses.
For most of the band's last decade, Mike Musburger filled this role, but other Fastbacks drummers before him (or when he took occasional breaks) included Bloch himself, Richard Stuverud (perhaps best known from War Babies, Fifth Angel and his collaborations with Pearl Jam's Jeff Ament, including Three Fish, Tres Mts.
and RNDM), Nate Johnson and Rusty Willoughby (both of whom also played in both Flop and Pure Joy), John Moen (of the Dharma Bums, later of Steven Malkmus's Jicks and The Decemberists), Jason Finn (of the Presidents of the United States of America), Dan Peters of Mudhoney, and Tad Hutchison of the Young Fresh Fellows.
Several of these people also served at times as drummers in The Squirrels, a similarly long-lived band, and the Fastbacks' sometime label-mates on PopLlama Records, who bring a similar mix of strong musicianship and punk attitude to even poppier material.
The Fastbacks reunited for a one-off live performance at the West Seattle Summer Music Festival, featuring the core trio of Kurt, Kim and Lulu, along with Mike Musburger on drums, their first official show together since their break-up a decade ago.
The structure of tintal is so symmetrical that it presents a very simple rhythmic structure against which a performance can be laid.
Note the bols used for the first beat of each division: Dhaa, a bol involving both hands, is played at the beginning of the first, second and final divisions; for the khali section, Naa – a right hand bol – is used to indicate that the division is open.
There are some pedagogical variations as to the actual syllables pronounced when reciting the bol, most of which occur in the final two vibhags.
The town lies within the eastern Trzebnickie Hills in the historic Lower Silesia region, approximately north of the regional capital Wrocław.
Trzebnica itself was first mentioned in an 1138 deed, then held by the Polish voivode Piotr Włostowic and later seized by the Silesian duke Władysław II the Exile.
In 1202 Władysław's grandson Duke Henry I the Bearded and his wife Hedwig of Andechs founded a Cistercian convent, present-day Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica, the first in Poland.
The couple signed the deed of donation on 23 June 1203 in the presence of Hedwig's brother Ekbert Bishop of Bamberg; the monastery was settled with German nuns descending from Bamberg in Franconia.
After Duke Henry died in 1238 and was buried in the church, his widow moved to the Cistercian convent which by now was led by her daughter.
Hedwig died in October 1243 and was buried there also, while some of her relics are preserved at Andechs Abbey in Bavaria, she was canonized in 1267.
In 1250 Trzebnica received town privileges, it passed under the jurisdiction of the Lower Silesian Duchy of Oleśnica in 1323, a Bohemian fief from 1328.
Town and monastery were devastated several times, by fires as well as by the plague, but also by Hussite troops in 1430.
During the Thirty Years' War, the town was plundered by Swedish forces and the nuns had to flee across the border to nearby Poland.
In 1870 the Order of Saint John acquired the former abbey's estates to establish a hospital, cared for by the Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo up to today.
From April to June 1945, Trzebnica (instead of Wrocław) was the first post-war regional capital of the Lower Silesian (Wrocław) Voivodeship.
In 2006 it was awarded a diamond certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 250,000 copies throughout Europe.
A school of mines (or mining school) is an engineering school, often established in the 18th and 19th centuries, that originally focused on mining engineering and applied science.
Most have been integrated within larger constructs such as mineral engineering, some no longer focusing primarily on mining subjects, while retaining the name.
The country as a whole was originally enchanted by a character named Queen Lurline, who is described in the Oz backstory.
Aside from the humans and Dorothy's pets, the characters here are each listed under what division they are most associated with in the storyline or storylines.
Neither of them believe their niece when she tells them she has been to the Land of Oz; they consider her a mere dreamer, as her dead mother had been.
Dorothy arranges with Princess Ozma to bring them to Oz, so that they can escape their bleak fates and be safe and finally content.
Betsy is portrayed with various hair colors throughout the series; in her initial appearances her hair was colored as blonde, strawberry blonde or light brown.
In the book series Betsy arrives to Oz from Oklahoma with a mule named Hank, and she is shown as a constant companion of both Dorothy and Trot in the later books.
In the story Button's head is temporarily changed into a fox's head by King Dox of Foxville; upon arriving in the Land of Oz, Billina and Tik-Tok took Button-Bright to the Truth Pond so that he could regain his head.
Baum brought Button-Bright back for his 1912 novel Sky Island, where he encounters Trot and Cap'n Bill for the first time.
In the sequel Oz books, he is often the main character in subplots that deal with him getting lost and being found again.
Formerly he was captain of a schooner with Trot's father was his mate; after losing his leg, the Cap'n retired, and Trot's father was promoted to captain of the same ship.
In appearance she is described as having chubby little hands, a round rosy face, big earnest eyes filled with awe and a merry laugh.
After her first adventure in the Land of Oz, she returns to Kansas via the charmed Silver Shoes (Ruby Slippers in the classic MGM musical of 1939) she obtained while there but lost between worlds when she was teleported back.
She is sassy and talkative; at the conclusion of Ozma of Oz, Billina chooses to stay in Oz and live in the Emerald City's royal palace, later becoming the matriarch of a large colony of chicks.
Dorothy carries Eureka in a small birdcage on a train with her to San Francisco to visit her relatives on Hugson farm.
While riding with Bill Hugson's nephew Zeb, an earthquake opens a large chasm in the ground, and Eureka falls with Dorothy, Zeb, and Jim the Cab-Horse into the land of the Mangaboos, people made of vegetable.
Although Eureka ultimately tells them where the piglet is, she is amused at being tried for something that is in her nature to attempt.
Due to his appearance in the 1939 film, he has often been ranked near the top of list of on-screen canine characters.
He is also shown to have an unnamed brother who is simply dubbed Shaggy Man's Brother He was a gold miner in Colorado until he ended up in the Nome Kingdom and was taken prisoner by the Nome King who imprisoned him in the Metal Forest.
After finding out about his brother's plight 10 years later, Shaggy Man led some of his friends to the Nome Kingdom to rescue him.
On their way to the Hugson's Ranch, an earthquake causes everyone to fall into the earth and into the Land of the Mangaboos.
The travelers undertake a subterranean journey through the Valley of Voe, are briefly imprisoned in the Land of Naught, and encounter a cavern full of Dragonettes.
Despite his reservations about being in a strange land, Zeb courageously defends his friends and helps them escape from the Land of Gargoyles by obtaining pairs of gargoyle wings.
After Ozma uses the Magic Belt to bring them to the Land of Oz, Zeb is welcomed as an honoured guest in the Emerald City.
During the festivities held to celebrate the arrival of Dorothy and her friends, Zeb participates in a wrestling match with a Munchkin boy, which he loses, and then a boxing match, which Zeb wins.
Though Zeb remarks that Oz is a nice country, he admits that he and Jim feel out of place in a fairy country and wishes to return to Hugson's Ranch with Jim.
He is never known by any other name, but he is depicted as a singular character who lives in a small room, based on its description significantly larger than a standard guardhouse, in the wall that surrounds the Emerald City.
This is done to protect their eyes from the thousands of glittering green gems within the city that are so precious and rare, they would cause blindness without the spectacles.
The glasses can only be unclocked by a solid gold key that the Guardian always wears on a thick gold chain around his neck.
So the Guardian of the Gates removes the traditional prison garb, a white robe that completely covers the prisoner, from a closet and places it on Ojo and leaves the Soldier with the Green Whiskers in charge of him.
No other Guardian of the Gates is described in any of Baum's books, aside from a stout woman who takes over the function during Jinjur's rule.
Jellia Jamb is portrayed as a rather sweet and organized girl when on duty, but mischievous and playful when off duty.
Princess Ozma is the ruler of Oz since the end of the second book, and she has appeared in every book except the first.
In many of the books, she is depicted as a fairy princess of fourteen or fifteen years of age, though she was originally portrayed as not a fairy and much younger.
It is later revealed that he is a humbug circus performer named Oscar Diggs from Omaha, Nebraska; and that he had usurped Ozma's throne with the assistance of Mombi (though this was later proven false).
The Wizard later returns to Oz in the fourth book to permanently live there and later learns real magic from Glinda.
Gayelette was an ancient princess and sorceress who lived in a ruby palace in the northern quadrant called Gillikin Country of the Land of Oz.
She was the original owner and creator of the charmed Golden Cap which had a curse cast upon it that compelled the creatures called Winged monkeys long before the Wicked Witch of the West surfaced.
He was responsible for creating the Golden Cap that controls the winged monkeys which they used on them after they crashed their wedding day.
She is the official ruler of Oz's northern quadrant called Gillikin Country but is a very dear friend to the Munchkins.
After Dorothy's farmhouse landed in Munchkin Country and killed the Wicked Witch of the East, the Good Witch of the North gives Dorothy the dead witch's charmed Silver Shoes and kisses her on the forehead for protection while on her journey.
Though he cannot help free the two protagonists from their entrapment, he makes it slightly easier to bear, by conjuring large magic toadstools for them to sit on.
Later, the rescue party searching for Trot and Cap'n Bill almost stumbles over the Lonesome Duck's diamond palace, earning them a stern rebuke from its inhabitant.
The character was originally presented as a lowly hag who had enchanted Princess Ozma in order to prevent her from ascending to the throne.
Later in the series, L. Frank Baum specified that she had once conquered and ruled the Gillikin Country, as the Wicked Witch of the North, only to be deposed by the Good Witch of the North.
Mr. Yoop ate cows and sheep and sometimes knocked over people's houses which led to him being apprehended and imprisoned in a mountain cage.
She transforms Polychrome into a canary, the Tin Woodman into a tin owl, the Scarecrow into a stuffed brown bear, and Woot the Wanderer into a green monkey.
The Sawhorse is a wooden carpenter's sawhorse brought to life with the Powder of Life by Tip to carry Jack Pumpkinhead (whose wooden joints were wearing out from walking).
He is a log with a notch cut in one end for a mouth, two knots for eyes and a branch for a tail.
When he was first made he had no ears and could not follow directions, so Tip corrected that by carving him some ears from tree bark.
His friends deride him as the least intelligent member of their party, though he usually has intelligent things to say when he speaks.
He carries Glinda in her pursuit of Mombi into the Deadly Desert while the latter is in the form of a gryphon.
However, he approaches the Giant with the Hammer too quickly and sends his rider Omby Amby up to the giant's arm.
Both times, the Sawhorse ran fast enough to cross the hill of the Hammer-Heads without getting hit by their hard heads.
At the end of the book, he becomes King of the Beasts in the dark forest in Oz's southern quadrant called Quadling Country, though this is rarely brought up in later Oz books.
Her overall character is a figure that many of the other Oz characters consult when in trouble or in need of any assistance.
Outwardly, she is very beautiful despite the hundreds of years she has lived and is always honest, kind and gentle to everyone who encounters her.
She also is one of the most powerful and respected women in Oz and the official protector of Oz's rightful ruler, the child Queen Princess Ozma.
She became the official ruler of the southern quadrant called Quadling Country in the Land of Oz, after she vanquished the Wicked Witch of the South (previous ruler).
As king, he is very unhappy where he is not being allowed to run wild & free like the other rabbits.
He is depicted as a wealthy Munchkin man with a large family who offers Dorothy Gale and Toto shelter after throwing a lavish banquet in Dorothy's honor upon her arrival to the Land of Oz.
After the Tin Woodman left his beloved Nimmie Amee after losing his heart (as he felt he could not love her), Fyter, a member of the Munchkin army, met and fell in love with her when he found her crying over her lost love.
Unfortunately, she was a ward to the Wicked Witch of the East, who made Fyter's sword do what the Woodman's axe did and cut off his limbs, which Ku-Klip the tin smith replaced with tin limbs (although Fyter is not bothered by his lack of a heart).
Nimmie Amee agreed to marry him, but on the day of their wedding, a storm rose up, and the rain rusted Fyter so badly that he was frozen in place along a little used forest path.
There he stood for years until he was discovered by the Tin Woodman, the Scarecrow, Woot the Wanderer, and Polychrome the Rainbow's Daughter.
Once lubricated and restored to life, Fyter accompanies the group of adventurers on their quest to find Nimmie Amee, intending to fulfill his vow of marriage (although he is willing to give her up if she chooses the Woodman over him).
She is portrayed as vain and aloof, due to the fact that she has clearly visible pink brains and a transparent glass heart.
They are mentioned and featured in the first half of the story when Dorothy Gale and her companions are traveling through the dark forest.
During the attack in the New York City Subway, it's shown that the Kalidahs are able to separate from their strings, become two meters high and chase anyone the Peddler wants.
After the Wicked Witch of West is defeated, when her henchmen (the Peddler included) and her slaves turn into Winkies by tearing their costumes and burning them, the Kalidahs may be destroyed in the process.
When Princess Ozma made a decree that limits who can learn magic, Kiki discovered the words and used it to turn into a hawk where he flew to the Land of Ev.
After being reprimanded by a sparrow for stealing a coin in the form of a magpie, Kiki was approached by the former Nome King Ruggedo who ropes Kiki into helping him with his plot.
Transforming themselves into birds, Kiki and Ruggedo flew to the Land of Oz to avoid being detected by the Great Book of Records.
Upon transforming themselves into Li-Mon-Eags (creatures with the head of a lion, the body of a monkey, the wings of an eagle, and the knob-tipped tail of a donkey) who claim to be from Sky Island, Kiki and Ruggedo spread the rumors to the animals of the Forest of Gugu that the humans of Oz plan to harm their forest.
After being restored to normal, Kiki and Ruggedo were hit with a thirst-inducing magic and drank from the forbidden fountain where they lost their memories and their evil intentions.
After the witch was destroyed by Dorothy Gale's house, Ku-Klip entered the witch's house and took some of her magical devices, including a magic glue.
Nimmie Amee marries the assemblage and appears to be quite happy, but Princess Ozma takes the witch's tools away from the smith so that he cannot create any more unnatural beings.
Ku-Klip continues to keep Nick Chopper's flesh head, who finds the Tin Woodman's claim to be him ludicrous, in a cabinet.
Soon a soldier named Captain Fyter also wooed the lady, and the Witch dealt him the same blow, and he sought help from the same tinsmith, Ku-Klip.
Fyter's head and parts of Nick and his body were incorporated into Chopfyt, a new person, through the use of magic glue found in the Witch's house.
In this way, Chopfyt reminded her of both the men she loved, and she married him, and Baum presented them as a happy couple at the end of the novel, although Princess Ozma forbade Ku-Klip from ever doing such a thing again.
The book revolves around her being created by Margolotte and brought to life by the magic substance called the Powder of Life, that was created by Margolotte's husband Dr. Pipt.
It originally belonged to Dr. Pipt, until it was inadvertently brought to life when it was accidentally sprinkled with the Powder of Life.
After introducing herself to Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, the Queen of the Field Mice called upon her subjects to help get the Cowardly Lion out of the deadly poppy field.
Afterwards, the Queen of the Field Mice informs Dorothy of the Golden Cap that can summon and command the winged monkeys.
According to The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), the Woggle-Bug was once a regular tiny woggle-bug, about the size of a pea.
He lived the life of a normal insect until he crawled into a country schoolhouse (presumably somewhere in the Winkie Country of the Land of Oz) and listened to the lessons and lectures the famous Professor Nowitall gave his pupils for about three years.
The bug was proud of his new size; he bowed to the students, and one unnamed little girl standing on the windowsill was startled and fell backward out of the window.
While everyone rushed outside to see if she was all right, the Woggle-bug secretly jumped off the screen and ran away.
When running an errand for a witch in exchange for a wish, Tommy got exhausted and without thinking wished that he had 20 legs where he was transformed into a Munchkin with 20 legs.
To accommodate his transformed state, Tommy lived in a log with two entrances for him to go in and out of.
As the additional legs did make him faster, Tommy has searched all of the Land of Oz for the witch in question while getting corns on his feet.
Unc Nunkie was accidentally turned to stone by Dr. Pipt's Liquid of Petrification, resulting in his nephew Ojo going on a quest to find the ingredients needed for the antidote.
Prior to this, she ruled over the Munchkins and had possession of the magical Silver Shoes (Ruby Slippers in the 1939 musical) that made it possible for her to conquer the Munchkin Country in the undiscovered Land of Oz.
Its head is an exact cube and its body is in the shape of a box twice as long as it is wide and high.
The Woozy hears via two openings in the upper corners of its head, has a flat nose and a mouth formed by an opening on lower edge of its head.
The Munchkin farmers who raise the honey bees nearby drive the Woozy into the forest and confine it with a fence.
The Woozy does mention in the text that he can jump very high, but also mentions that he has a ferocious roar, which turns out to be completely untrue.
Those three hairs were one of five required ingredients for the antidote to the Liquid of Petrification that Ojo, Scraps the Patchwork Girl, and Bungle set out to retrieve in the story.
In return for some scraps of bread and cheese that Ojo feeds him, the Woozy agrees to give his hairs to the party.
When it becomes clear that the hairs cannot be removed from his tail, Ojo frees the Woozy and allows the creature to accompany the group.
She is a Yip, a resident of a remote plateau in Oz who is noted for the delicious cookies she bakes in her diamond-studded gold dishpan.
Ugu the shoemaker steals Cayke's dishpan and uses it to kidnap Ozma and steal all the magic in the Land of Oz.
When Cayke discovers her dishpan has gone missing, she is greatly distressed, and causes quite a fuss by wailing and screaming.
After the Frogman, who is thought to be extremely wise by all of the Yips, tells her that the dishpan has been stolen by someone outside of the country of the Yips, she leaves the plateau where the Yips live and travels the general land of Oz to find it.
According to Cayke, the diamond-studded gold dishpan has been passed down in her family, from her mother and all of her grandmothers since the beginning of time; but its origin is never disclosed.
The Rak is described as a large winged creature with glowing red eyes that can fly in the air, run like a deer, and swim like a fish.
Although its jaw, wing and leg are broken by the attack, the Rak does not die, as everything in the land of Oz lives an enchanted life and cannot die.
When the Wizard leaves Oz, he makes the Scarecrow ruler, a position he holds until the middle of the second book.
He had originally been a human by the name of Nick Chopper, but gradually his human parts had been replaced with metal ones.
He was once a shoemaker in Herku, located in the Winkie Country, until he discovered the magic recipes of his ancestors.
After stealing the Magic Dishpan from Cayke, he used it to steal Glinda the Good Witch's Magic Book of Records, the Wizard's Black Bag of Magic and, ultimately, he kidnapped Princess Ozma in the process and hid her in the form of an Enchanted Peach Pit.
When Dorothy Gale and company are sent by the Wizard to defeat her, she sends her collection of deadly pets to kill them but is unsuccessful.
She then uses the Golden Cap to call upon the Winged Monkeys who destroy the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman, but capture Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion.
She imprisons them in her castle before Dorothy melts her with a bucket of water when the Wicked Witch tried to steal one of her Silver Shoes.
Discovering that she has real powers, the Wizard of Oz orders her arrest when she refuses to aid him in his terroristic control of Oz, and she is declared a wicked witch by the Wizard's press secretary, Madame Morrible.
Believing that the governor of Munchkinland is her real father, she is devastated when Glinda gives Dorothy the slippers of her sister Nessarose which had been given her by the governor and which she herself had cast a spell on to enable the disabled Nessarose to walk.
Desperate to get these precious family heirlooms back from Dorothy, they confront one another at the castle of Prince Fiyero, Elphaba's love interest, but is doused by the girl with a bucket of water.
It merely burns her in the musical – and she uses her feigned death as a way to escape with Fiyero, whom she had turned into the Scarecrow to prevent him from being tortured by the Wizard's soldiers.
The Braided Man is a bent-over old man with his hair and beard in braids who lives halfway up Pyramid Mountain.
He is a great inventor who used to live on the surface of the Earth where he worked with holes until a big one caused him to fall deep underground where he landed on Pyramid Mountain and lived on its spiral staircase since.
The Flatheads quickly dispatch with Coo-ee-oh, as they simply wanted revenge on her personally, but as she is the only one who knows the magic to get back to the submerged city, the young men sit in the boat, unsure what to do.
They wish him to catch them in a bucket and to follow their instructions, and that if he does so, he will save himself, his city, and his companions.
Reera is interested by his impertinence with her, and Ervic very shrewdly manipulates her into restoring the Adepts to human form, taking quite a bit of time and waiting for her to ask permission to transform them several times.
The Adepts are able to assist the raising of the city, and with Coo-ee-oh gone, Lady Aurex is named Queen of the Skeezers by Princess Ozma, and for his valiance, Aurex names Ervic her Prime Minister.
Evoldo was a cruel despot; after purchasing Tik-Tok, the clockwork man, and giving him his name, Evoldo sold his wife and ten children (five boys, five girls) to the Nome King in exchange for a long life.
He was originally charged with taking Dorothy home from the train station by pulling a carriage driven by Dorothy's cousin Zeb Hugson.
When a giant earthquake occurs, Jim and the occupants of his carriage fall deep into the earth and into the Land of the Mangaboos.
He is occasionally unhitched from his carriage when it is too cumbersome for the carriage to be pulled or when the travellers must rely on Jim's powerful hooves to fight against creatures such as gargoyles.
Upon arriving in Oz, he is regarded as an oddity because nobody has ever seen a flesh-and-blood horse; the only horse they have seen is the Saw-horse.
He is treated as an honoured guest in the Emerald City and becomes somewhat haughty, bragging that he was a fast racehorse in his youth.
However, his pride is hurt after losing a race to the Saw-horse and frequently asks Zeb when they will be able to return to Hugson's Ranch.
His wish is granted at the end of the book, when Ozma uses the magic belt to return Zeb and Jim to California.
Kaliko is a Nome and lives in the Nome Kingdom, where he is, at least to start off with, the Chief Steward to his sadistic master, the Nome King Roquat the Red.
Kaliko become king after old Ruggedo (whose name was changed from Roquat) was expelled from his kingdom by the Great Jinjin Tititihoochoo for tipping some members of a Rescue Expedition from Oz down a Hollow Tube and straight into the Land of the Fairies, which is under the governorship of Tititihoochoo.
Kaliko is essentially a good-natured person still, but refuses to surrender the prisoners upon Inga's arrival as he feels himself bound to his promise made to Gos and Cor.
The Nome King (also referred to as Roquat, and later Ruggedo) is the evil and humorously stubborn ruler of an underground kingdom inhabited by the race of gnome minions, creatures who are half human and half rock.
His mountain stands between the Land of Oz and the Land of Ev and is separated from both these two countries by the vast Deadly Desert.
She is the vain and spoiled princess whom Dorothy and her company encounter when she visits the land of Ev which neighbors Oz.
Langwidere has a collection of 30 exchangeable heads she keeps in a cabinet constructed of solid gold and studded with gems.
Each head is said to be extremely beautiful, consisting of different bone structures that represent different ethnicities and are kept in their own separate cases lined with mirrors that Langwidere keeps locked with a ruby key she wears around her left wrist.
Instead of changing her clothing like most princesses, she simply changes her heads to match her current state of mood whenever she pleases.
Sasha Jackson (Ilsa Lang), Jessica Sonneborn (Ev Locast), and Elizabeth Masucci (Jennifer Mombi) play some of the heads of Princess Langwidere in the film where Ilse Lang is a Hollywood actress, Ev Locast being one of Princess Langwidere's heads, and Jennifer Mombi being a woman whose head is claimed by Princess Langwidere.
This version is depicted as the evil aunt of West, most likely based loosely on the Wicked Witch of the East.
Shortly after she is introduced, as an arrogant girl of about fifteen or sixteen, who proclaims herself the only Krumbic witch in the world, for she invented the art, the Su Dic of the Flatheads attacks her island kingdom, and she leads the defense aboard a submarine that opens into a boat.
There a bucket of enchanted water is dumped upon her, and she becomes a vain, diamond-eyed swan with no memory of her magical abilities.
The Krumbic witchcraft proves to be a hybrid of dark arts mixed with magic learned from the Three Adepts at Magic who used to rule the Flatheads, while the three magic spells to operating the city are identified as the parts of her name.
When Quox called the Original Dragon senile, Tititi-Hoochoo used him as an instrument against the Nome King where he strapped some seats to Quox and him carry Betsy Bobbin, Private Jo Files, Hank the Mule, Polychrome, Shaggy Man, Tik-Tok, Queen Ann Soforth, and her army through a Hollow Tube that goes from Tititi-Hoochoo's fairyland to the Nome Kingdom.
Using the Enchanted Ribbon around his neck, Quox made the Nome King forget his magic and deposed him by using eggs.
Smith, the artist of the duo, painted a picture of a river that was so real that he fell in and drowned.
Wogglebug combined its head with two sofas for a body, palm trees for wings, and a broom for a tail where they were all tied together with clothesline and ropes.
After the Land of Oz is retaken by Princess Ozma, the Gump is disassembled at his request leaving him a talking head that is still living in the Royal Palace of Oz.
In this film, he is assembled by Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, and Billina and brought to life by Dorothy Gale using the powder of Life in order to escape from Mombi.
During their ordeal with the Nome King, the Gump loses his sofa body and is carried around by the Scarecrow following Nome King's death.
He also appeared in 'Return to Oz' (the movie), which starred Fairuza Balk as Dorothy Gale, where he is a main character.
Tititi-Hoochoo, the Great Jinjin and Private Citizen, is a Peculiar Person, who rules an unnamed opposite land on the exact opposite side of the earth from the Land of Oz.
Like the other people of that land, all his limbs are of a different color than the others, although he has no heart.
The two places are connected by the Forbidden Tube, which was created by Hiergargo the Magician who wanted to save travel time between the two places and whose rash use of the tube destroyed him.
He began life as an ordinary donkey in Phunniland (Mo, a land even stranger and less logical than Oz), but after consuming numerous books, he learned their contents and became a wise advisor to the King.
He sometimes acts in his own interests, at least to the extent of making sure his are met when he aids others, such as suggesting an apple for rescuing Nuphsed, which doesn't work, but when he is fed the apple, he gives an answer that does.
Somehow, he was able to cross the Deadly Desert that surrounds Oz and he took up residence with the Foolish Owl who originally resided in Munchkin Country.
The Wise Donkey states that he was visiting on the day Oz was cut off from the rest of the world and was unable to return home.
His logic is regarded by Scraps as so askew that she tells Diksey Horner that he sounds like the Wise Donkey.
The concept of Western betrayal refers to the view that the United Kingdom and France failed to meet their legal, diplomatic, military, and moral obligations with respect to the Czechoslovak and Polish nations during the prelude to and aftermath of World War II.
The term refers to several events, including the treatment of Czechoslovakia during the Munich Agreement and the resulting occupation by Germany, as well as the failure of France and the UK to aid Poland when the country was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939.
The same concept also refers to concessions made by the United States and the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union during the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences and to their passive stance during the Warsaw Uprising against Nazi occupation, and post-war events, which allocated the region to the Soviet sphere of influence and created the communist Eastern Bloc.
Historically, such views were intertwined with some of the most significant geopolitical events of the 20th century, including the rise and empowerment of the Third Reich (Nazi Germany), the rise of the Soviet Union (USSR) as a dominant superpower with control of large parts of Europe, and various treaties, alliances, and positions taken during and after World War II and continuing on into the Cold War.
In Central and Eastern Europe, the interpretation of the outcomes of the Munich Crisis of 1938 and the Yalta Conference of 1945 as a betrayal of Central and Eastern Europe by Western powers has been used by Central and Eastern European leaders to put pressure on Western countries to acquiesce to more recent political requests such as membership in NATO.
In a few cases deliberate duplicity is alleged, whereby secret agreements or intentions are claimed to have existed in conflict with understandings given publicly.
An example is Winston Churchill's covert concordance with the USSR that the Atlantic Charter did not apply to the Baltic states.
Given the strategic requirements of winning the war, British Prime Minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had no option but to accept the demands of their erstwhile ally, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences, argues retired American diplomat Charles G. Stefan.
Max Hastings states that Churchill urged Roosevelt to continue armed conflict in Europe in 1945 - but carried out against the Soviet Union, to prevent the USSR from extending its control west of its own borders.
Without American backing, the United Kingdom, with its strength exhausted by six years of war, was unable to take any military actions in that part of Europe.
Specific instances considered to exemplify the concept by historical and contemporary writers include the annexation of most of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany under the Munich Agreement of 1938, the abandonment of the British alliance with Poland during the invasion of Poland of September 1939 and during the Warsaw Uprising against Nazi Germany in 1944, and the acceptance of the Soviet abrogation of the Yalta agreement of 1945.
In the latter, the major Allies against Nazi Germany had agreed to secure democratic processes for the countries that would be liberated from Nazi rule, such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and Albania.
On 5 May 1945, the citizens of Prague learned of the American invasion of Czechoslovakia by the US Third Army and revolted against German occupation.
Tactical conditions were favourable for an American advance, and General Patton, in command of the army, requested permission to continue westward to the Vltava river in order to aid the Czech partisans fighting in Prague.
As a result, Prague was liberated on 9 May by the Red Army, significantly increasing the standing of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, a complex set of alliances was established among the nations of Europe, in the hope of preventing future wars (either with Germany or the Soviet Union).
Additionally representatives of the Western powers made several military promises to Poland, including such fantastic designs as those made by British General William Edmund Ironside in his July 1939 talks with Marshall Rydz-Śmigły who promised an attack from the direction of Black Sea, or placing a British aircraft carrier in the Baltic.
On the eve of the Second World War, the Polish government tried to buy as much armaments as it could and was asking for arms loans from Britain and France.
As a result of that in the summer of 1939 Poland bought 160 French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters and 111 English airplanes (100 light bombers Fairey Battle, 10 Hurricanes, and 1 Spitfire).
Although some of these planes had been shipped to Poland before 1 September 1939, none took part in combat, due to the extension of negotiations by France and Britain in the face of war.
Because of resistance by the British, the weapons that the Poles most wanted, about 150 technically advanced fighters, were not supplied.
On 3 September a naval blockade of Germany was initiated, and an attempt was made to bomb German warships in harbour on 4 September.
On 4 September, during a Franco-British meeting in France, it was decided that no major land or air operations against Germany would take place, and afterwards French military leader Maurice Gamelin issued orders prohibiting Polish military envoys Lieutenant Wojciech Fyda and General Stanisław Burhardt-Bukacki from contacting him.
The French initiated full mobilisation and began the limited Saar Offensive on 7 September but halted short of the German defensive lines and then withdrew to their own defences around 13 September.
Instead, Gamelin informed by dispatch marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły that half of his divisions were in contact with the enemy, and that French advances had forced the Wehrmacht to withdraw at least six divisions from Poland.
The following day, the commander of the French Military Mission to Poland, General Louis Faury, informed the Polish Chief of Staff, General Wacław Stachiewicz, that the planned major offensive on the western front had to be postponed from 17 September to 20 September.
On 17 September 1939 the Soviet Union invaded Poland, as agreed in advance with Germany following the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
However it was no secret to the Allies that before his death in July 1943 General Władysław Sikorski, Prime Minister of Poland's London-based government in exile had been the originator, and not Stalin, of the concept of a westward shift of Poland's boundaries along an Oder–Neisse line as compensation for relinquishing Poland's eastern territories as part of a Polish rapprochement with the USSR.
Churchill told Stalin he could settle the issue with the Poles once a decision was made in Tehran, however he never consulted the Polish leadership.
When the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile Stanisław Mikołajczyk attended the Moscow Conference (1944), he was convinced he was coming to discuss borders that were still disputed, while Stalin believed everything had already been settled.
Since the establishment of the Polish government-in-exile in Paris and then in London, the military commanders of the Polish army were focusing most of their efforts on preparation of a future all-national uprising against Germany.
Despite the fact that Polish and later Royal Air Force (RAF) planes flew missions over Warsaw dropping supplies from 4 August on, the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) planes did not join the operation.
Various scholars argue that during the Warsaw Uprising both the governments of the United Kingdom and United States did little to help Polish resistance and that the Allies put little pressure on Stalin to help the Polish struggle for freedom.
The Yalta Conference (4-11 February 1945) initiated the era of Soviet domination of Central and Eastern Europe, which lasted until the end of Communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe in late 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991 and left bitter memories of Western betrayal and Soviet dominance in the collective memory of the region.
Territories which the Soviet Union had occupied during World War II in 1939 (with the exception of the Białystok area) were permanently annexed, and most of their Polish inhabitants expelled: today these territories are part of Belarus, Ukraine, and Lithuania.
In compensation, Poland was given former German territory (the so-called Recovered Territories): the southern half of East Prussia and all of Pomerania and Silesia, up to the Oder–Neisse line.
The German population of these territories was expelled in masses and these territories were subsequently repopulated with Poles including Poles expelled from the Kresy regions.
This, along with other similar migrations in Central and Eastern Europe, combined to form one of the largest human migrations in modern times.
At the time of Yalta over 200,000 troops of the Polish Armed Forces in the West were serving under the high command of the British Army.
Many of these men and women were originally from the Kresy region of eastern Poland including cities such as Lwów and Wilno.
They had been deported from Kresy to the Soviet gulags when Hitler and Stalin occupied Poland in 1939 in accordance with the Nazi–Soviet Pact.
Two years later, when Churchill and Stalin formed an alliance against Hitler, the Kresy Poles were released from the Gulags in Siberia, formed the Anders Army, and marched to Iran to create the II Corps (Poland) under British high command.
These Polish troops were instrumental to the Allied defeat of the Germans in North Africa and Italy, and hoped to return to Kresy in an independent and democratic Poland at the end of the War.
But at Yalta, Churchill agreed that Stalin should keep the Soviet gains Hitler agreed to in the Nazi–Soviet Pact, including Kresy, and carry out Polish population transfers.
Consequently, Churchill had agreed that tens of thousands of veteran Polish troops under British command should lose their Kresy homes to the Soviet Union.
During the debate, many MPs openly criticised Churchill and passionately voiced loyalty to Britain's Polish allies and expressed deep reservations about Yalta.
Moreover, 25 of these MPs risked their careers to draft an amendment protesting against Britain's tacit acceptance of Poland's domination by the Soviet Union.
After the failure of the amendment, Henry Strauss, the Member of Parliament for Norwich, resigned his seat in protest at the British treatment of Poland.
As many as half a million Polish soldiers refused to return to Poland, because of the Soviet repressions of Polish citizens, the Trial of the Sixteen, and other executions of pro-democracy Poles, particularly the so-called cursed soldiers, former members of the Armia Krajowa.
It was easy to argue that Poland was not very important to the West, since Allied leaders sacrificed Polish borders, legal government, and free elections for future peace between the Allies and the Soviet Union.
On the other hand, some authors have pointed out that Yalta allowed the Polish communists to win over Polish nationalists by allowing them to realize their goal to annex and resettle formerly German land.
Giving this picture a grain of credibility was that West Germany until 1970 refused to recognize the Oder-Neisse Line as the German-Polish border, and that some West German officials had a tainted Nazi past.
It could be contended that the presence of a double standard with respect to Nazi and Soviet aggression existed in 1939 and 1940, when the Soviets attacked the eastern part of Poland, then the Baltic States, and then Finland, and yet the Western Allies chose not to intervene in those theatres of the war.
The chief American negotiator at Yalta was Alger Hiss, later accused of being a Soviet spy and convicted of perjuring himself in his testimony to the House Committee on Unamerican Activities.
At the war's end many of these feelings of resentment were capitalised on by the occupying Soviets, who used them to reinforce anti-Western sentiments within Poland.
Propaganda was produced by Communists to show the Soviet Union as the Great Liberator, and the West as the Great Traitor.
The report's arguments included geostrategic issues (possible Soviet-Japanese alliance resulting in moving of Japanese troops from continent to Home Islands, threat to Iran and Iraq) and uncertainties concerning land battles in Europe.
During the Fourth Moscow Conference in 1944, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin and British prime minister Winston Churchill discussed how to divide various European countries into spheres of influence.
Churchill's account of the incident is that Churchill suggested that the Soviet Union should have 90 percent influence in Romania and 75 percent in Bulgaria; the United Kingdom should have 90 percent in Greece; with a 50-50 share in Hungary and Yugoslavia.
The result of these discussions was that the percentages of Soviet influence in Bulgaria and, more significantly, Hungary were amended to 80 percent.
The governing Labour Party lost seats and their vote share was the worst they had ever obtained in a post-war election.
Instead, a centre-right coalition of the Conservative Party, the Christian People's Party and Liberal Party was formed, led by Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik of the Christian Democratic Party, with confidence and supply support from the Progress Party.
The Progress Party saw the most surprising changes in support, having achieved as high as 34.7% in September 2000, and in 2001 almost closing down to 10% at the lowest.
It served as the UK's main air defence weapon into the 1990s and was in large-scale service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the forces of four other countries.
Part of sweeping changes to the UK's defence posture, the Bloodhound was intended to protect the RAF's V bomber bases to preserve the deterrent force, attacking bombers that made it past the Lightning interceptor force.
This was part of Stage 1 upgrades to the defensive systems, in the later Stage 2, both Bloodhound and the fighters would be replaced by a longer-range missile code named Blue Envoy.
II was a relatively advanced missile for its era, roughly comparable to the US's Nike Hercules in terms of range and performance, but using an advanced continuous-wave semi-active radar homing system, offering excellent performance against electronic countermeasures and low-altitude targets.
It was a relatively large missile, which limited it to stationary defensive roles similar to the Hercules or the Soviets' S-25 Berkut, although Sweden operated its Bloodhounds in a semi-mobile form.
The performance was such that it was also selected as the interceptor missile in the Violet Friend ABM system, although this was ultimately cancelled.
The two missiles served in tandem for some time, until the shorter-range role of the Thunderbird was replaced by the much smaller and fast-acting BAC Rapier starting in 1971.
Bloodhound's longer range kept it in service until the threat of bomber attack by the Soviet Union disappeared with the dissolution of the union in 1991.
After the end of the Second World War, UK air defences were run down, on the assumption that it would be at least a decade before another war started.
However, the Soviet atomic bomb test of 1949 forced a re-evaluation of that policy, and UK defence planners started studying the problems of building a more integrated air defence network than the patchwork of WWII expediencies.
The Cherry Report called for a reorganisation of existing radars under the ROTOR project along with new control centres to better coordinate fighters and anti-aircraft guns.
This was strictly a stop-gap measure however; over the longer term there would be a requirement for deployment of new long-range radars in place of the Chain Home systems from the war, construction of command and control sites able to survive a nuclear attack, interceptors of ever-increasing performance, and anti-aircraft missiles and guns to provide a last-ditch defence.
The Stage 1 missile would be used to protect the V bomber bases in the UK, as well as the British Army in the field.
In 1947 all guided missile work was centralised at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE), who took over ongoing projects from teams at the Army, Navy and Air Force.
In place of all of these projects, the RAE and Ministry of Supply developed a new requirement for a single anti-aircraft missile for use by both the RAF and Navy.
Later, looking for a second approach to the Sea Slug requirement, the RAE approached De Havilland, but they declined due to workload.
Shortly after the Sea Slug system began development, it became clear that the beam riding guidance systems of the early experimental missiles did not work at long range, and the move was made to use semi-active radar homing in its place.
The Defence Research Policy Committee reviewed the efforts, and suggested suspending the longer-ranged Red Heathen effort and focussing entirely on a 30,000 yard weapon.
Bristol's efforts were fairly similar to EE's in most ways, although it was somewhat less mobile while offering somewhat better range.
The company had only passing experience with this engine design, so they began a long series of tests to develop it.
As the ramjet only operates effectively at high speeds over Mach 1, Bristol built a series of testbed airframes to flight-test the engines.
Early problems were ironed out and the JTV series was the first British ramjet powered aircraft to operate continually at supersonic speeds.
The first was a long tube with an intake at the front, and four delta-shaped fins arranged near the front of the fuselage.
The intake and wings give it some resemblance to the English Electric Lightning, albeit with a long tube sticking out of the aft end.
This arrangement left little internal room for fuel or guidance, as the tube ran down the centre of the entire fuselage.
A second design was similar, but used mid-mounted fins of reverse-delta shape (flat at the front) with small intakes at their roots.
The final design was essentially a small aircraft, with mid-set trapezoidal wings and four small swept wing fins at the extreme rear.
In this version, two engines were mounted on the wing tips, similar to the mounting used on the JTV series and thus better understood.
The control surfaces tilt the missile relative to its direction of travel, causing the wings to become non-symmetrical relative the airflow, generating lift that turns the missile.
Bristol was concerned that the angles needed to generate the required lift using this method would be too great for the engines intakes to deal with, so it adopted the twist and steer system, first experimented with on the war-era Brakemine project.
The guidance system rotated the wings in opposite directions to roll the missile until the wings were perpendicular to the target, and then rotated them in the same direction to provide lift in the required direction.
This meant that the wings could be rotated to the large angles required to generate large amounts of lift, without rotating the missile body itself.
This kept airflow in the direction of the missile body, and thus the engine intakes, as well as greatly reducing the drag caused by the tilting of the fuselage across the relative wind.
In the initial designs, a single very large solid fuel booster launched the missile off its launcher and powered it to speeds where the ramjets could take over.
A prototype of the new layout was built and flown in Wales as the -scale XTV-1, powered by three 5-inch boosters strapped together.
This layout was tested on the scale XTV-2, the full-sized but unpowered XTV-3 that tested the new boosters, and finally the full-sized and powered XTV-4.
The final modification, first tested on the XTV-3, was to replace the four rear fins with two larger ones, which allowed the four booster motors to be mounted on a common ring, ensuring they separated in different directions.
The resulting Bristol Thor was originally designed in conjunction with Boeing, which had extensive experience with the similar engines of the BOMARC missile.
Testing of the prototype production versions, known as XRD (eXperimental Red Duster), moved to the Woomera range in South Australia in mid-1953.
These proved very disappointing due to ramjet problems, which were traced to the use of a flare as an ignition source inside the engine.
This was replaced with an igniter design provided by the National Gas Turbine Establishment and the problems were quickly sorted out.
Firings against GAF Jindivik target aircraft started in 1956, and eventually 500 tests of all of the designs were completed before it entered service.
Guidance was semi-automatic, with the targets initially identified by existing early warning radar sites and then handed off to the Bloodhound sites for local detection and attack.
By the time Bloodhound was ready for deployment, the solid-fuelled Red Shoes, now known as the English Electric Thunderbird, was proving successful and the British Army dropped its orders for the Bloodhound in favour of the Thunderbird.
The Bloodhound Mk 1 entered British service in 1958, and was selected for the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in November of that year.
Although the Bloodhound was successful technically, Government auditors found that Ferranti had made far larger profits than projected from the Bloodhound I contract.
By 1955 it appeared that the Stage 2 missile, originally known as Green Sparkler but now as Blue Envoy, was too far beyond the state of the art to be able to enter service before the Thunderbird and Bloodhound became obsolete.
In order to address the performance gap due to the delays, interim (or vulgar) Stages were added to the Stage plan.
The Paper argued that the Soviets would move their strategic forces to ballistic missiles and that the likelihood of an air attack solely by bombers would be increasingly unlikely.
In this case, defending the V bombers against air attack did nothing; the only way they could survive would be to launch to holding areas on any suggestion of any sort of attack.
Bristol engineers sharing a taxi with their Ferranti counterparts hatched a new plan to adopt the Blue Envoy ramjets and radars to a lengthened Bloodhound, and submitted this for study.
The increased power allowed the weights to increased, and to take advantage of this the fuselage was stretched to allow more fuel storage.
These changes dramatically extended range from about , pushing the practical engagement distance out to about (although detected at a longer range, the missile takes time to travel to its target, during which the target approaches the base).
In addition to its own illumination and tracking antennas, the Scorpion also added one of the receiver antennas out of a Bloodhound missile body onto the same antenna framework.
This antenna was used to determine what the missile's own receiver was seeing, which was used for jamming detection and assessment.
The new radars eliminated problems with ground reflections, allowing the missile to be fired at any visible target, no matter how close to the ground.
Continuous wave radar systems rely on the Doppler effect to detect moving targets, comparing returned signals to the radar signal being broadcast, and looking for any shift in frequency.
However, in the Bloodhound's case the missile was moving away from the reference signal as fast, or faster, than the target would be approaching it.
The missile would need to know the velocity of the target as well as its own airspeed in order to know what frequency to look for.
But this information was known only to the radar station on the ground, since the missile did not broadcast any signals of its own.
To solve this problem, the radar site also broadcast an omnidirectional reference signal that was shifted to the frequency that the missile's receiver should be looking for, taking into account both the target and missile speed.
Thus the missile only had to compare the signal from its nose-mounted receiver with the signal from the launch site, greatly simplifying the electronics.
Many of the calculations of lead, frequency shifting, and pointing angles for the radars were handled by the custom-built Ferranti Argus computer.
This machine would later go on to be a successful industrial control computer which was sold all over Europe for a wide variety of roles.
This was also to be the interceptor for the Violet Friend anti-ballistic missile system, which added a radio control link to allow the missile to be guided into the rough interception area while the enemy warhead was still too far away for the Type 86 radar to pick up.
In 1956, Second World War Battle of Britain ace, Wing Commander Frederick Higginson DFC DFM was recruited and placed in charge of the new Guided Missile Defence group inside Bristol Aircraft, charged with sales and service of the new systems.
Higginson was awarded an OBE in 1963 for the overseas sales that Bloodhound gained, and promoted to the board of Bristol Aircraft in the same year.
I deployment consisted of eight missile sites: RAF Dunholme Lodge, RAF Watton, RAF Marham, RAF Rattlesden, RAF Woolfox Lodge, RAF Carnaby, RAF Warboys, RAF Breighton and RAF Misson with a trial site at RAF North Coates.
These remained operational until 1999 when they were removed from service, and one of the sites (at Gubel) was declared a national historical property.
After the RAF passed the nuclear deterrent role to the Royal Navy in 1970, all Bloodhound systems within the UK were withdrawn and either stored or transferred to RAF Germany for airfield defence with No.
The possibility of low-level sneak attack by bombers or cruise missiles led to a reappraisal of UK air defences, resulting in No.
With deployment of the Rapier missile to Germany, Bloodhounds were returned to England in 1983 and were in operation at four additional sites, Bawdsey, Barkston Heath, Wyton and Wattisham.
These installations used both the 'fixed' type 87 radar (Marconi Scorpion) and the 'mobile' Type 86 radars (Ferranti Firelight) of their German deployments, with some being mounted on a 30-foot tower to improve visibility and reduce ground reflections.
In 1990 as the Cold War wound down the remaining missiles were concentrated at West Raynham and Wattisham with plans to operate them until 1995, but these were later removed in 1991.
With the withdrawal of British military forces based in Singapore (under the UK's East of Suez policy) announced in 1968, Singapore bought the entire Bloodhound assets of No.
The main missile is a long cylinder of magnesium frames and aluminium alloy skin with a prominent ogive nose cone at the front and some boat-tailing at the rear.
Small aluminium-covered wooden cropped-delta wings are mounted midpoint, providing pitch and roll control by pivoting in unison or independently with additional steering provided by differential fuel feed to each of the ram jets.
Each motor has a small hook on the ring as well as similar one at the front holding it to the missile body.
After firing, when the thrust of the rockets falls below the thrust of the now-lit ramjets, the boosters slide rearward until the front hook disengages from the missile body.
The boosters are then free to rotate around their attachment to the metal ring, and are designed to rotate outward, away from the fuselage.
In action, they fold open like the petals on a flower, greatly increasing drag and pulling the entire four-booster assembly away from the missile body.
Small inlets on the roots of the stub wings holding the engines allow air into the missile body for two tasks.
Two ram air turbines driving turbopumps generate hydraulic power for the wing control system, and a fuel pump that feeds the engines.
Kerosene fuel is held in two large rubber bag tanks in bays either side of the wing bay where the wings are attached.
At room temperature, this would be inert and suitable for long-term storage without degradation, but was heated to its working temperature by a pyrotechnic heat source ignited at launch.
Although in tests the Bloodhound had executed direct hits on target bombers flying at , Mark II production models, in common with many air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles of that period and after, had a proximity fuzed continuous rod warhead (known as the K11A1) designed to destroy attacking aircraft without requiring a direct hit.
II can be gauged from the data on an information board at the Bristol Aeroplane Company Museum at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, where a complete Bloodhound can be seen.
The Mark of Bloodhound this data refers to is not given but is presumably the Mark II since the top speed of the Mk.
By the time the missile is 25 feet from the launcher it has reached the speed of sound (around 720 mph).
The planned Mk III (also known as RO 166) was a Mark II with 6 kiloton nuclear warhead and a range of around achieved with improved Ramjet engine and bigger boosters.
In rare circumstances, a conflict will arise between trademarks that have been in use since before the Lanham Act went into effect, thus requiring the courts to examine the dispute according to the trademark act that existed before the Lanham Act.
§§ 42 and 43 of the Act (now known as ) set out the remedies that can be sought when a trademark is infringed.
These provisions forbid the importation of goods that infringe registered trademarks, and restrict, through the use of injunctions and damages, the use of false descriptions and trademark dilution.
The Act has been held to have extraterritorial impact, and the circuit courts have been giving more favorable interpretations in extending its scope.
Although the Lanham Act sets out clear parameters as to what constitutes trademark infringement, subsequent court decisions, especially those involving the Internet, have loosened the strictures.
Subchapter I sets forth the requirements that a mark must meet to receive a registration on the Principal Register, which bestows various rights on the trademark owner to prevent others from infringing their mark.
Among the requirements are prohibitions against the registration of marks that are confusingly similar to existing marks, are generic or merely descriptive, are scandalous or immoral, or fall onto certain other prohibited categories.
Subchapter I also sets forth certain procedural requirements, such as the submission of an affidavit of continued use after five years of registration.
Subchapter II sets forth a form of registration on the Supplemental Register, for certain marks that are unregistrable under Subchapter I, but may become registrable in the future, such as those that are merely descriptive.
This form of registration, while not granting all the protections of registration on the Principal Register, does provide notice to potential infringers that the mark is in use, and also provides some procedural benefits.
Caillou () is a Canadian educational children's television series that was first shown on Télétoon and Teletoon, with its first episode airing on the former channel on September 15, 1997; the show later moved to Treehouse TV, with its final episode being shown on that channel on October 3, 2010.
Each episode in Seasons 1–3 has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of children in real-life situations.
During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the show's narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book.
Caillou was first voiced by Bryn McAuley from 1997 through 2000, then Jaclyn Linetsky in 2000 through 2003, and then, due to Linetsky's death, Annie Bovaird from 2003 through 2010.
A dreamer, Caillou is prone to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and hopes, and many episodes chronicle his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours.
Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur Rexy and teddy bear Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes.
The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English, and re-runs in English began on PBS and PBS Kids Sprout in the United States.
In 2000 there were 40 thirty-minute episodes of the show, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segment and puppets.
A common criticism towards the series is the 'petulant, manipulative and spoiled' behaviour of the titular character, the lack of consequences Caillou is given, and the 'poor parenting' presented in the parent characters.
In the United States, Calliou VHS's/DVD's have been released by PBS Distribution (Originally distributed through Warner Home Video until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006-2010, and now self-distributed).
From 2003-2006, The DVDs with puppets and Jaclyn Linetsky were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Jaclyn herself.
In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada.
Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by Entertainment One and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label.
These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their WildBrain Spark network.
During most of that time, they were the only two universities in England and Wales, making the rivalry more intense than it is now.
Both were founded more than 800 years ago, and between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most prominent scientists, writers and politicians, as well as noted figures in many other fields.
Yet for many of these centuries the two universities were unrecognisable as universities in the modern sense, as they were largely institutions for producing clergymen and were thus strongly tied to the Church.
Competition between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history, dating back to around 1208 when Cambridge was founded by scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford.
In 2012 the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings, based on a survey of 13,388 academics over 131 countries which was then the largest evaluation of academic reputation to date found that both Cambridge and Oxford belonged to the elite group of six universities touted as the 'globally recognized super brands'; The other four were Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University.
Oxford and Cambridge also share a common collegiate structure: each university has more than 30 semi-autonomous residential colleges (see Colleges of the University of Cambridge, Colleges of the University of Oxford), which provide the environments in which students live, work and sleep.
Applicants must choose a specific college when applying to Oxford or Cambridge, or allow the university to select one for them, as every undergraduate and graduate student must be a member of one of the colleges.
However, all colleges are part of the university and students studying the same subject attend the same lectures and exams, irrespective of which college they belong.
These are typically weekly or more frequent hour-long sessions in which small groups of students – usually between one and three – meet with a member of the university's teaching staff or a doctoral student.
Students are normally required to complete an essay or assignment in advance of the supervision/tutorial, which they will discuss with the supervisor/tutor during the session, along with any concerns or difficulties they have had with the material presented in that week's lectures.
The city of Oxford is larger (having a population about 30 per cent greater than Cambridge's in 2007) and has historically been more urban and industrial, whilst Cambridge more closely resembles an agricultural market town.
Oxford is associated with the motor industry (BMW currently produce the Mini in Oxford, and several Formula One teams are based in Oxfordshire and neighbouring counties), whereas the area surrounding Cambridge is known as Silicon Fen—one of the most important technology centres in Europe—that has presence of large companies like Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, ARM, along with many medical technology firms.
However, the sole river is more prominent in Cambridge, flowing through the city centre rather than the two rivers (Thames and Cherwell) which flow around the centre of Oxford.
Punting is especially popular in Cambridge along the famous stretch called 'The Backs', which features a number of bridges and 'the backs' of several colleges that abut the River Cam (punting is also popular at Oxford).
Cambridge, on the other hand, has little local stone, so the building material has been brought in from many different sources, resulting in a greater variety of character.
The contrasts in architecture in Cambridge are more pronounced, as can be seen when comparing King's College with the neighbouring Senate House.
Cambridge may be best known in film as the real-life location of the court race scene portrayed in the film Chariots of Fire (although the scene was filmed at Eton College instead), or for the television series Porterhouse Blue.
It is still compulsory at Oxford to wear formal academic dress (sub fusc) for all university examinations, although this is not the case at Cambridge.
In general, however, traditions and the seriousness with which they are taken tend to vary widely amongst the different colleges within each university, showing more variation than between the two universities as a whole.
Starting in the late 19th century, both universities saw the establishment of residential colleges exclusively for women students: Girton College, Cambridge, was founded in 1869 and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, in 1878.
Although Cambridge was the first to accommodate female students, women were not permitted to become full members of the university until 1947, whereas at Oxford this had occurred in 1920.
There is a common impression that Oxford is stronger in politics and the humanities, while Cambridge is stronger in the sciences and engineering.
Despite Oxford University having been the home of almost 60 Nobel prize winners, Cambridge has been associated with an even larger number of Nobel Prize-winning breakthroughs (ca.
Notwithstanding the above, significant changes have occurred at both Oxford and Cambridge over the last century, including Cambridge's diversification away from intense mathematical study and Oxford's renewed emphasis on ground-breaking scientific research, such as its influential work in the development of penicillin.
Software tycoon Bill Gates gives scholarships to Cambridge, while Oxford is home to what is the oldest and arguably the most prestigious academic award for graduates, the Rhodes Scholarship instituted by Cecil Rhodes.
US News and World Report rankings support this stereotype; Cambridge tends to rank higher in the sciences, and Oxford in the humanities.
After an initial screening of submitted applications, short-listed candidates at Oxford and Cambridge are invited to a series of tests and interviews with the academics who may eventually be teaching them.
Oxbridge interviews have acquired something of a mythical status in the British media, becoming a source of various humorous anecdotes and urban legends due to the perception that the interviews themselves are bizarre, intimidating and/or frequently involve unusual questions and requests.
Admissions staff have said that there are no correct answers to such questions, but that applicants are assessed on their ability to approach unfamiliar, open-ended problems and discuss them articulately, incorporating new ideas and evidence as the discussion progresses.
Candidates are also expected to show a willingness to challenge their own preconceptions about the topics under discussion, as well as the preconceptions adopted by their interviewers.
This is essentially a test of whether the student would do well under the tutorial/supervision system at Oxford and Cambridge, and a poor performance at interview may negate an otherwise strong application.
Cambridge routinely asks applicants who take A-level exams to report their exact scores, not just letter-grades; this is partly to distinguish between high A-grades and borderline A/B grades.
Due to the similarities between the two universities, and to ease the burden of interviewing so many applicants each year, secondary school students are not normally allowed to apply to both Oxford and Cambridge in the same application cycle.
This restriction does not apply to potential organ scholars or students who already have a degree and are applying for a second undergraduate degree or a graduate degree at Oxbridge.
First contested in 1829, the race pits Cambridge University Boat Club against their Oxford counterparts over a four-mile (6 km) stretch of the River Thames.
The very first Boat Race was won by Oxford, but Cambridge lead the overall series with 83 wins to Oxford's 80, with one dead heat in 1877.
Recent races have been closely fought, with Oxford winning by the shortest ever margin of in 2003 and Cambridge winning in 2004 despite Oxford's claims of a foul.
The other major Oxbridge competitions are the Rugby Union and Rugby league Varsity Matches: The Varsity Match is a rugby union game played annually in December at Twickenham stadium.
Cambridge currently has 60 wins, Oxford has 55 (including the most recent win in December 2014), and 14 games have ended in draws.
Whilst not having the history of its Union counterpart, the fixture has been contested for over 30 years, and is broadcast live on Sky Sports.
The Boat Race and the two Varsity Matches are notable in the UK in that they are the only university sports events that have any public profile outside the universities themselves; all three are screened live on national television and are widely covered in the national media.
All other significant sports have their own varsity match at some point during the year; some of these, such as the cricket fixture, the Ice Hockey Varsity Match and the Varsity Polo Match have attracted significant attention in the past.
The results of all the varsity matches in The Varsity Games are aggregated and each year one university wins the Varsity Games title.
Sportsmen who have competed at a Varsity Match in the prestigious Full Blue sports are eligible for an Oxford Blue or Cambridge Blue respectively.
Over the last few years, British universities have been subjected to the increasing popularity of national university league tables, which rank universities based on criteria such as their student-staff ratio, drop-out rates and spending on services and facilities.
Oxford and Cambridge have been a constant presence at the top end of the tables, never appearing outside the overall top three and rarely not holding the first and second places, but their dominance in individual subjects has been challenged by other institutions.
Cambridge has been ranked 1st and Oxford 2nd in the tables compiled by the Guardian, and The Sunday Times, and 3rd behind the London School of Economics in The Complete University Guide, whereas Oxford is ranked 1st and Cambridge 2nd in The Times Good University Guide.
However, namesakes are not always paired up: for example, St John's College, Oxford, is the sister college of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, while St John's College, Cambridge, is the sister college of Balliol College, Oxford.
Arrangements between sister colleges vary, but may include reciprocal offers of accommodation to students from the other university when they are visiting.
Concerns are often raised that Oxford and Cambridge do not project a socially inclusive image to potential applicants from state schools, and thus Oxbridge students are disproportionately from wealthy backgrounds.
The two universities have made individual and combined efforts in recent years to promote themselves to potential applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Each year, the Universities spend around £8 million on access schemes and there is a designated Access Officer in every JCR and students' union.
It is the see city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salgueiro, a suffragan see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olinda e Recife.
The main economic activities in Salgueiro are based in general commerce and agribusiness, especially plantations of onions, cotton and tomatoes; and creations of cattle, goats, sheep and pigs.
Its origins date from the 12th century CE, when it diverged from Carnatic music, the classical tradition of southern regions of the Indian subcontinent.
In medieval times, the melodic systems were fused with ideas from Persian music, particularly through the influence of Sufi composers like [[Amir Khusro]], and later in the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] courts, noted composers such as [[Tansen]] flourished, along with religious groups like the [[Vaishnavite]]s.
Around 1900, [[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]] consolidated the musical structures of Hindustani classical music, called [[raga]]s, into a few [[thaat]]s based on their notes.
An aspect of Hindustani music going back to [[Sufi]] times is the tradition of religious neutrality: Muslim ustads may sing compositions in praise of Hindu deities and vice versa.
Unlike the 12-note scale in Western music, the base frequency of the scale is not fixed, and intertonal gaps ([[Interval (music)|temperament]]) may also vary.
For example, raga Khamaj and its variants have been classicized from folk music, while ragas such as Hijaz (also called Basant Mukhari) originated in Persian maqams.
[[Gandharva]]s are presented as spirits who are musical masters, and the gandharva style looks to music primarily for pleasure, accompanied by the [[soma (drink)|soma]] rasa.
This text is the last to be mentioned by both the Carnatic and the Hindustani traditions and is often thought to date the divergence between the two.
The advent of Islamic rule under the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and later the [[Mughal Empire]] over northern India caused considerable cultural interchange.
Increasingly, musicians received patronage in the courts of the new rulers, who in their turn, started taking an increasing interest in local musical forms.
While the initial generations may have been rooted in cultural traditions outside India, they gradually adopted many aspects from the Hindu culture from their kingdoms.
This helped spur the fusion of Hindu and Muslim ideas to bring forth new forms of musical synthesis like [[qawwali]] and [[khyal]].
The most influential musician of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] period was [[Amir Khusrau]] (1253–1325), a composer in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Arabic]], as well as [[Braj Bhasha]].
He is credited with systematizing some aspects of Hindustani music, and also introducing several ragas such as [[Yaman Kalyan]], [[Zeelaf]] and [[Sarpada]].
Amir Khusrau is sometimes credited with the origins of the [[khyal]] form, but the record of his compositions do not appear to support this.
The compositions by the court musician [[Sadarang]] in the court of [[Muhammad Shah]] bear a closer affinity to the modern khyal.
Much of the musical forms innovated by these pioneers merged with the Hindu tradition, composed in the popular language of the people (as opposed to Sanskrit) in the work of composers like [[Kabir]] or [[Nanak]].
This can be seen as part of a larger [[Bhakti]] tradition, (strongly related to the [[Vaishnavite]] movement) which remained influential across several centuries; notable figures include [[Jayadeva]] (11th century), [[Vidyapati]] (fl.
At the royal house of [[Gwalior]], [[Man Singh Tomar|Raja Mansingh Tomar]] (1486–1516 CE) also participated in the shift from Sanskrit to the local idiom ([[Hindi]]) as the language for classical songs.
In particular, the musical form known as [[dhrupad]] saw considerable development in his court and remained a strong point of the [[Gwalior gharana]] for many centuries.
After the dissolution of the Mughal empire, the patronage of music continued in smaller princely kingdoms like [[Awadh]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], and [[Benares State|Banaras]], giving rise to the diversity of styles that is today known as [[gharana]]s. Many musician families obtained large grants of land which made them self-sufficient, at least for a few generations (e.g.
It was shunned by the intellectuals, avoided by the educated middle class, and in general, looked down upon as a frivolous practice.
[[Chakradhar Singh|Raja Chakradhar Singh of Raigarh]] was the last of the modern era Maharajas to patronize Hindustani classical musicians, singers and dancers.
Also, at the turn of the century, [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]] and [[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]] spread Hindustani classical music to the masses in general by organizing music conferences, starting schools, teaching music in classrooms, devising a standardized grading and testing system, and standardizing the notation system.
Paluskar's contemporary (and occasional rival) [[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]] recognized the many rifts that had appeared in the structure of Indian classical music.
Finally, it suggested a possible categorization of [[raga]]s based on their notes into a number of [[thaat]]s (modes), subsequent to the [[Melakarta]] system that reorganized Carnatic tradition in the 17th century.
The ragas that exist today were categorized according to this scheme, although there are some inconsistencies and ambiguities in Bhatkande's system.
In modern times, the government-run [[All India Radio]], [[Bangladesh Betar]] and [[Radio Pakistan]] helped to bring the artists to public attention, countering the loss of the patronage system.
The first star was [[Gauhar Jan]], whose career was born out of [[Fred Gaisberg]]'s first recordings of Indian music in 1902.
Meanwhile, Hindustani classical music has become popular across the world through the influence of artists such as [[Ravi Shankar]] and [[Ali Akbar Khan]].
The [[Gandharva Veda]] is a Sanskrit scripture describing the theory of music and its applications in not just musical form and systems but also in physics, medicine and magic.
Each octave resonates with a certain part of the body, low octave in the heart, medium octave in the throat and high octave in the head.
As with movable do solfege, the notes are heard relative to an arbitrary tonic that varies from performance to performance, rather than to fixed frequencies, as on a xylophone.
Since the octave location is not fixed, it is also possible to use provenances in mid-register (such as mandra-madhya or madhya-taar) for certain ragas.
Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric, insofar as the musical forms were designed primarily for a vocal performance, and many instruments were designed and evaluated as to how well they emulate the human voice.
Light classical forms include [[Dhamar (music)|dhamar]], [[trivat]], [[chaiti]], [[kajari]], [[Tappa (music)|tappa]], [[tap-khyal]], [[ashtapadis]], [[thumri]], [[dadra]], [[ghazal]] and [[bhajan]]; these do not adhere to the rigorous rules of classical music.
The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in [[brajbhasha]], a medieval form of North and East Indian languages that were spoken in Eastern India.
Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music until two centuries ago when it gave way to the somewhat less austere khyal, a more free-form style of singing.
Since losing its main patrons among the royalty in Indian princely states, dhrupad risked becoming extinct in the first half of the twentieth century.
Some of the best known vocalists who sing in the Dhrupad style are the members of the Dagar lineage, including the senior Dagar brothers, [[Nasir Moinuddin Dagar|Nasir Moinuddin]] and [[Nasir Aminuddin Dagar]]; the junior Dagar brothers, [[Nasir Zahiruddin Dagar|Nasir Zahiruddin]] and [[Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar]]; and [[Wasifuddin Dagar|Wasifuddin]], [[Fariduddin Dagar|Fariduddin]], and [[Sayeeduddin Dagar]].
Leading vocalists outside the Dagar lineage include the Mallik family of Darbhanga tradition of musicians; some of the leading exponents of this tradition were Ram Chatur Mallick, [[Siyaram Tiwari (musician)|Siyaram Tiwari]], and Vidur Mallick.
A section of dhrupad singers of Delhi Gharana from [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Shah Jahan]]'s court migrated to [[Bettiah]] under the patronage of the [[Bettiah Raj]], giving rise to the Bettiah Gharana.
The importance of the khyal's content is for the singer to depict, through music in the set [[raga]], the emotional significance of the khyal.
The origin of Khyal is controversial, although it is accepted that this style was based on dhrupad and influenced by other musical traditions.
This form was popularized by Mughal Emperor [[Mohammad Shah]] through his court musicians; some well-known composers of this period were [[Sadarang]], [[Adarang]], and [[Manrang]].
Another vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to convey a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert.
Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose specialty is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction.
It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by [[Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori]] or Shori Mian, a court singer for [[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah]], the [[Nawab of Awadh]].
Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of [[Nawab]] [[Wajid Ali Shah]], (r. 1847–1856).
Some recent performers of this genre are [[Abdul Karim Khan]], the brothers [[Barkat Ali Khan]] and [[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]], [[Begum Akhtar]], [[Girija Devi]], [[Prabha Atre]], [[Siddheshwari Devi]], and [[Shobha Gurtu]].
In the Indian sub-continent, [[Ghazal]] became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu language and was popularized by classical poets like [[Mir Taqi Mir]], [[Ghalib]], [[Daagh]], [[Zauq]] and [[Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda|Sauda]] amongst the North Indian literary elite.
Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across [[Central Asia]], the [[Middle East]], as well as other countries and regions of the world.
In fact, in recent decades, especially outside South Asia, instrumental Hindustani music is more popular than vocal music, partly due to a somewhat different style and faster tempo, and partly because of a language barrier for the lyrics in vocal music.
The [[veena]], a string instrument, was traditionally regarded as the most important, but few play it today and it has largely been superseded by its cousins the [[sitar]] and the [[sarod]], both of which owe their origin to Persian influences.
Among the earliest modern music festivals focusing on Hindustani classical music was the [[Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan]], founded in 1875 in [[Jallandhar]].
[[Dover Lane Music Conference]] notably debuted in 1952 in [[Kolkata]] and [[Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival]] in 1953 in [[Pune]], while festivals such as the [[ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan]] appeared in the early 1970s.
The colloquial name Sylhet is derived from its original correct form Srihatta but now the term Sylhet is officially recognized name of this division.
It is bordered by the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south, respectively; and by the Bangladeshi divisions of Chittagong to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west.
In 1874, the current Sylhet Division, along with Karimganj, was known as the Sylhet district and separated from Bengal to be made a part of the non-regulation Chief Commissioner's Province of Assam (Northeast Frontier Province) in order to facilitate Assam's commercial development..
In 1912, the then Sylhet district was moved to the newly-created Assam Province alongside the other districts of the Surma Valley Division.
In 1971, Sylhet became part of the newly formed independent country of Bangladesh but remained in the Chittagong Division until 1995.
The link was established in 1988 when the St Albans District Council supported a housing project in Sylhet as part of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless.
The area has over 150 tea gardens, including three of the largest tea plantations in the world, both in terms of area and production.
Employers prefer to engage women for plucking tea leaves since they do a better job than, but are paid less than, men.
The plantations were started by the British, and the managers still live in the white timber houses built during the Raj.
The Bangladesh government has set up a special Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in Sylhet, in order to attract foreign investors, mainly from the UK.
There are many natural landmarks people tend to visit, such as the Keane Bridge, Ali Amjad's Clock, Lalakhal, Jaflong, Madhabkunda waterfall, Ratargul Swamp Forest, Hakaluki Haor, Lawachara National Park, and Bichnakandi.
Its unique culture and economy, and linguistic differences developed in part because the Greater Sylhet region was a part of Assam and Surma Valley State for about 100 years during the British Raj.
Famous religious places include the shrines of Shah Jalal, Shah Farhan (popularly known as Shah Paran), Shah Kamal Quhafa in Shaharpara, Shah Mustafa in Moulvibazar and Syed Nasiruddin in Chunarughat for Muslims.
Of the fifty-one body parts of Sati, one form of Durga, that fell on Earth, Her neck fell on the south side of Surma River across the Sylhet town and her left palm fell in Jayanti.
In addition, Sri Krishna Chaitnaya Mahaprabhu, the God of all Humanity and who will reappear during the kaliyug or end of time, visited his paternal family home in Thakurbari, Dhakadakshin, Golapganj and his maternal family home in Joypur, Habiganj in Sylhet Division in the 16th century.
Hindu temples, such as Shri Chaitanya Dev Mandir in Dhakadakshin, Kali Mandir of Jainpur, Narayan Shiva Mandir of Khasa Pandith Para of BeaniBazar, Sri Mahaprabhu Bigraha Akhra of Jaldhup in Beanibazar, Shakti Piths temple of Kirit Devi Kamala, Bagala Matar Mandir of Habiganj, and Kalibari of Jaintiapur are popular.
His father was born with Aboriginal, Irish and Scottish heritage, and Rudd has Wurundjeri background, one of his great grandmothers was an Aboriginal Australian, and her child (Rudd's paternal grandmother) was taken away from her.
He drew inspiration from artists such as Leo Kottke, Ben Harper, Natalie Merchant and multi-instrumentalist David Lindley, as well as music from diverse sources, such as Hawaiian and Native American music.
His music first took him overseas when he traveled to Whistler, British Columbia—Rudd was in a band and would play each night after a day of snowboarding.
Rather than inviting guest artists to join him on the record, Rudd performed all the instrumentation for the album alone with only a few overdubs.
The album saw Rudd introduce a heavier sound, using electric guitars in place of acoustic guitars and creating darker more somber tones.
After the failure of his marriage, Rudd was supported in his grief and recovery by new South African bandmates, bassist Tio Moloantoa and percussionist Andile Nqubezelo.
He said that he had never really liked his voice before and vocals were often little more than an afterthought, but by 2016 was embracing it.
Rudd described the song as something that flowed out of him over a week while he felt like he was outside of himself, looking at his ego from a distance.
Rudd is a keen surfer, having started when he was five or six years old, and says at times surfing inspires his music.
Lutken-Rudd ended her and Rudd's relationship in 2009, and the pair listed their off-grid, solar powered home in Jan Juc for sale.
Shortly before Christmas in 2016, Rudd had his second marriage in a Byron Bay Australian Aboriginal Ceremony to Ashley Freeman, an Australian holistic wellness trainer.
Working with volunteer organisations Surf for Life and Waves of Hope, Rudd worked alongside other volunteers to build a high school in northern Nicaragua in late 2013.
The protestor's actions at the Bentley Blockade, where they blocked the delivery of oil and gas drilling equipment for weeks, led the New South Wales Government to suspend Metgasco’s drilling licence.
However, despite this activism, in 2015 Rudd had been widely criticised for allowing the multi-national company KFC, a seller of factory farmed chicken, of using his song 'Let Me Be' in a television advertisement.
The summer advertising campaign aligned with the Australian cricket season has served to undermine previous Rudd's activism, and many fans have questioned his integrity as a former world's sexiest vegetarian.
Rudd has become a known name at music festivals worldwide including the Bonnaroo Music Festival, the High Sierra (2004 & 2007) and Wakarusa (2005), moe.down (2003), Summer Sonic, Lowlands, Rock Werchter among others.
He has toured with artists including Jack Johnson, Dave Matthews, Ben Harper, Good Old War, G. Love & Special Sauce, and Rodrigo y Gabriela.
It was founded in 1984 as Rock Machine and renamed in 1993, and included Uday Benegal (vocals), Mark Selwyn (bass), Mahesh Tinaikar (guitars), Zubin Balaporia (keyboards), Mark Menezes (Drums) and Jayesh Gandhi (guitars).
Indus Creed was originally called Rock Machine, which was created in 1984 and featured Mahesh Tinaikar, Mark Selwyn, Ian Santamaria (vocals), Aftab Currim (rhythm guitar) and Suresh Bhadricha (drums).
Tinaikar, Selwyn, Gandhi, Benegal and Balaporia were to remain the core members of the band for a major portion of its existence.
Based in Mumbai, Rock Machine were one of the earliest bands in India to tour the country extensively, performing at college and independently promoted rock festivals.
Hailed as India's first all-original rock album, it was a huge success and was widely pirated in regions where distribution was scarce, as in the northeastern Indian states of Assam, Nagaland and Meghalaya.
Seeking a change of image and sound from that of a college-style band to a more internationally suited one, Rock Machine changed their name to Indus Creed in 1993.
The surreal black-and-white film captured the imagination of a whole generation, winning Indus Creed an Asia-wide MTV Video Music Award (Asian Viewer's Choice Award).
The self-titled album was recorded in Los Angeles and promoted extensively on MTV and Channel V, a new music channel on Rupert Murdoch's rapidly expanding Star TV network.
Indus Creed continued to tour heavily across India as well as explore other regions like the UK and the Middle East.
In 1996, MTV flew down Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash to play on stage with Indus Creed at the channel's relaunch as MTV India in Bangalore, India.
Disillusioned with the way the music industry was changing in India, and with some members keen to embark on other musical pursuits, Indus Creed shut shop in 1997.
Uday Benegal and Jayesh Gandhi moved to New York City at the end of 1999 with their new fusion rock band Alms For Shanti and released an eponymous album in 2000.
Alms For Shanti played the NYC club circuit heavily, as well as at festivals and colleges, including Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio.
In 2008, Uday Benegal relocated back to Mumbai, where he and Mahesh Tinaikar teamed up to create their acoustic side project Whirling Kalapas.
They recruited Pune bass player Rushad Mistry and drummer Jai Row Kavi to complete the outfit, now down to a five-piece band from the original six-member group.
The newly formed Indus Creed was officially launched on 7 October 2010, when they headlined Harley Davidson's Harley Rock Riders concert at Hard Rock Cafe Mumbai.
In December 2010, the band embarked on their Reboot Tour, headlining concerts and festivals across India, including the Cherrapunjee Indigenous Festival in Meghalaya, Harley Rock Riders finale in New Delhi, Independence Rock XXV in Mumbai and the South Asian Bands Festival in New Delhi.
Featuring eight songs, the album has been produced by Indus Creed, mixed by Grammy-nominated mixing engineer Tim Palmer (Pearl Jam, Robert Plant, Ozzy Osbourne, U2, Tears for Fears, Porcupine Tree) and mastered by veteran mastering engineer Andy VanDette (Rush, Beastie Boys and Porcupine Tree).
Under this brand falls four networks – the longest-running and 'main' network is the Metropolitan network – which focuses on a mix of rock, sport and comedy.
The second is the Digital Radio network, which consists of all the rock, sport and comedy stations – as well as KOFM, Gold FM, Mix 94.5 & Mix 106.3 plus 'Triple M Classic Rock', 'Triple M Country', 'Triple M Aussie' and 'Triple M Greatest Hits'.
This was formed on 15 December when most of the stations owned by Southern Cross Austereo were rebranded to either Triple M or Hit.
Also formed from the end of the LocalWorks network was the Classic Hits network, which plays the 'Classic Hits' of the 1960s, '70s, and '80s.
Together with then rival station 2Day FM (now also owned by Southern Cross Austereo), it was the first commercial FM radio station in Sydney.
The station has always been primarily a rock music station, but with a more blue-collar/hard rock (Jimmy Barnes, Aerosmith, Guns N' Roses, AC/DC as some examples) emphasis than other stations in Melbourne in particular.
Throughout the 1980s, Triple M was one of the highest-rating radio stations in Sydney, spearheaded by its morning show presented by Doug Mulray and featuring the writing of and occasional appearances by Andrew Denton.
In 1988, Melbourne radio station EON FM (3EON), 92.3 was taken over by 2MMM and changed its callsign to 3MMM and moved to 105.1 MHz in November 1988.
The station was taken over by Village Roadshow, who then owned Triple M, and they successfully negotiated the purchase of the 5MMM callsign from a community radio station of the same name in 1993.
Perth radio station 96FM (6NOW) also carried the Triple M identity and 6MMM callsign in the early 1990s but was then sold to Southern Cross Broadcasting who changed the station's identity back to its original name.
In Auckland, New Zealand, a Triple M station existed between 1984 and 1988 when 89 Stereo FM became part of Triple M. The station previously used the call sign 1ROQ and changed to 1MMM when becoming part of Triple M. New Zealand no longer uses radio station call signs.
While many of the comedy and talk programs are networked, large sections of music programming originate from the local market of each Triple M.
On Friday 17 November 2006, Triple M (including Mix 94.5 in Perth) referred to itself as U2FM for the day, as part of a promotion relating to the band U2 and their 2006 Australian Tour and CD release.
In September 2002, Triple M and Frontier Touring held four rock concerts in Brisbane, Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney as part of the touring M-One festival, which featured Goo Goo Dolls, Nickelback, Garbage, Lifehouse, Default, Midnight Oil and Antiskeptic.
Triple M have held an Essential Countdown based on listener votes since 2006, beginning in October of each year, counting the same number of songs as the year (e.g., 2006 songs in 2006).
The countdown has received some criticism for being overly similar to the Triple J Hottest 100 countdown, despite the Triple J Hottest 100 only including songs from the preceding 12 months.
Since the early-1990s, Triple M has made sport a major part of their line up, with sports-based shows such as The Grill Team, Dougy and Dunstall, and more recently, Friday Night M Sport, The Gospel and The Dead Set Legends.
Not only is the coverage considered informative and accurate, but the team works together providing a sense of comedy to the call.
In October 2006, the National Rugby League announced that beginning in 2007, Triple M Sydney would be the exclusive commercial broadcaster of Monday Night Rugby league matches.
In 2009, Triple M broadcast twenty20 cricket live between the Australian Cricket Team, South African Cricket Team and the New Zealand Cricket Team.
Commentators included James Brayshaw, Kerry O'Keeffe, Michael Slater, Brett Lee, Brad Haddin, Merv Hughes, Darren Berry, H.G Nelson, Jules Schiller, Lawrence Mooney, Gus Worland, Neroli Meadows, Isa Guha, Mick Molloy and Mark Howard.
Vijay, with his friend Raam, composed the music that went on to become a raging hit, and their alliance with Kondke did not break until the latter's death.
The film set the record at its time for the most Filmfare awards won by a single film with seven, from thirteen nominations.
It was also the first film to win the three major awards in music category (Best Music Director, Male Playback Singer, Best Lyricist).
However, contrary to most other species of this genus, adults retain this color, although it does fade a little with age.
The mountain skink is found in a wide variety of habitat, ranging from sea level to nearly 2,000 m (about 6,560 ft).
The species is the most wide-ranging of all baboons, being found in 25 countries throughout Africa, extending from Mali eastward to Ethiopia and Tanzania.
Its alternative name comes from the Egyptian god Anubis, who was often represented by a dog head resembling the dog-like muzzle of the baboon.
This coloration is shared by both sexes, although males have a mane of longer hair that tapers down to ordinary length along the back.
Besides the mane, the male olive baboon differs from the female in terms of size and weight, and canine tooth size; males are, on average, tall while standing and females measure in height.
The olive baboon is one of the largest species of monkey; only the chacma baboon and the mandrill attain similar sizes.
The tail almost looks as if it is broken, as it is erect for the first quarter, after which it drops down sharply.
The bare patch of a baboon's rump, famously seen in cartoons and movies, is a good deal smaller in the olive baboon.
The species inhabits a strip of 25 equatorial African countries, very nearly ranging from the east to west coasts of the continent.
The exact boundaries of this strip are not clearly defined, as the species' territory overlaps with that of other baboon species.
The grasslands, especially those near open woodland, do make up a large part of its habitat, but the baboon also inhabits rainforests and deserts.
The olive baboon lives in groups of 15 to 150, made up of a few males, many females, and their young.
Female dominance is hereditary, with daughters having nearly the same rank as their mothers, and adult females forming the core of the social system.
Occasionally, groups may split up when they become so large that competition for resources is problematic, but even then, members of matrilines tend to stick together.
Among olive baboons in Tanzania, high-ranking females give birth at shorter intervals to infants with a higher survival rate, and their daughters tend to mature faster than low-ranking females.
Males benefit from these relationships because they are usually formed soon after he immigrates into a new group, and helps the male integrate into the group more easily.
Higher dominance means better access to mating and earlier access to food, so naturally a great deal of fighting over rank occurs, with younger males constantly trying to rise in position.
Because females stay with their groups their entire lives, and males emigrate to others, often a new male challenges an older one for dominance.
Individuals are more likely to follow when multiple decision-makers agree on what direction to go rather than simply following dominant individuals.
Females with more swollen anogenital areas reproduce while younger, produce more offspring per year, and those offspring have a better chance of surviving.
In its first few days, the infant may be unable to stay attached to its mother and relies on her for physical support.
In general, higher-ranking females are usually more relaxed parents than females of lower rank, which usually keep their offspring close to them.
Subadult and juvenile females are more likely to care for another's young, as they have not yet produced offspring of their own.
One theory for why immature females tend to seek out infants is that they can prepare for their future roles as mothers.
Infant baboons born to first-time mothers suffer higher mortality than those born to experienced mothers, which suggests that prior experience in caring for infants is important.
As such it is able to find nutrition in almost any environment, and it is able to adapt with different foraging tactics.
Most animals only look for food at one level; an arboreal species such as a lemur does not look for food on the ground.
Its limit is usually small antelope, such as Thomson's gazelle and also, rarely, sheep, goats, and live chickens, which may amount to 33.5% of its food from hunting.
In a field study, such behaviour was observed as starting with the males of one troop and spreading through all ages and sexes.
The baboons use the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system.
It is also known as Kirk's red colobus after Sir John Kirk, the British Resident of Zanzibar who first brought it to the attention of zoological science.
It is now classified as an endangered species and in the mid-1990s was adopted as the flagship species for conservation in Zanzibar.
The population is still decreasing, and conservationists are attempting to work with the local government to devise a proper, effective strategy to protect the population and habitat.
Furthermore, it is suggested through mitochondrial analysis, that phylogenetic groups within the red colobus have been genetically isolated from another since the Pliocene.
It has experienced an acceleration in morphological evolution of size which is suggested to be the result of insularity on the island and environmental pressures such as competition, habitat, predation and/or resource availability.
An alternative common name is Kirk's red colobus after Sir John Kirk (1832–1922), the British Resident of Zanzibar who first brought it to the attention of zoological science.
This Old World monkey's coat ranges from dark red to black, accented with a black stripe along the shoulders and arms, and a pale underside.
Sexual dimorphism is generally decreased in the species, meaning the females have little difference in their body size and colour from their male counterparts.
The species has a notably small cranium and rotund body shape, with males potentially reaching over 12 kg and females, 10 kg.
To make up for this, they have four long digits that align to form a strong hook, allowing them to easily grasp branches and climb.
This has caused people to hold negative views of the monkey and even to say it has an evil influence on trees on which they feed, ultimately killing the trees.
Its habitats include coastal thickets and coastal rag scrub, but it can also be found in agricultural areas and in mangrove swamps; the latter provides food year-round.
The largest and most significant area of protection and habitat for the monkey is in Jozani National Park, which provides of land reserve.
It is located on the main island and the populations here have been greatly studied in regards to both their ecology and behavior.
The incidence of some of these monkeys living permanently outside the zone of the protected park reserve can increase the endangerment of the groups.
The groups consist of up to four adult males and many adult females; typically yielding a 1:2 ratio of males to females.
The species is a very social animal, and can often be observed playing and grooming during the rest periods between meals.
Unlike females, in a group, males actually maintain close bonds, acting together in defense of their group and even in grooming each other.
It is one of the few species that do not eat ripe fruits; it has a sacculated stomach with four chambers specific for breaking down plant materials, however it cannot digest the sugars contained in mature fruits.
Because the monkey feeds on young leaves (though not limited to them), there are instances where it consumes charcoal, which is believed to aid their digestion of the toxins (possibly phenolic compounds) found in the young leaves of the Indian almond tree and mango tree.
The habit of consuming charcoal is thought to be a learned behavior presumably passed on from the mother to her offspring.
It has been noted, however, that not all populations on the islands carry out the behavior, but that it is rather mostly done by those who consume more perennial and exotic foliage.
Since some populations use mangroves as a source of food, it is natural for the monkey to consume more sodium chloride (NaCl).
In the dry season, one of the staple foods, Indian almond tree, as previously mentioned, drops its leaves and can cause the monkey to go beyond park boundaries in order to extend its feeding range.
This is immediately followed by sniffing the area because estrogen and progesterone can be detected by this method, further helping the male conclude if the female is indeed ready to breed.
Research has suggested that the ability for dietary expansion, which consuming charcoal partly allows, explains the higher birth rates and densities due to resource availability.
There are higher birthing rates between October–December for colobines on Uzi Island and then January–February for those in Kiwengwa, located on the eastern side of the main island.
The birth rates themselves, however, are actually decreased in comparison to mainland colobus monkeys and interbirth intervals are longer as well.
The male's call is more of an alto or soprano in contrast to the low bass of a male's in black-and-white colobus species.
One of the loudest calls from the monkey is heard when he expresses his dominance over the group and when checking the sexual status of his females.
Chirps and grunts are made when there are changes in the surrounding environment such as changes in weather or animal movement in proximity to the group.
With most arboreal animals, there are two different alerting calls, one for when a predator is on land, and another when there is an aerial predator.
The young, on the other hand, because of their smaller size and vulnerability, do at times make such calls when they see shadows.
Because the Zanzibar red colobus is extremely social, it has a specific call for when it is alone for a certain amount of time upon which it feels vulnerable or threatened.
The young are typically the ones to make such a call that sounds like a loud scream, but adults are occasionally likely (when deemed necessary) to make some variation of the call as well.
First, an increase in deforestation has resulted in a significant reduction in resources and habitat; second, it is hunted for meat and pet markets.
It had been found, however, that 20 years after the translocation to the island only one group of Zanzibar red colobus was found and with few sightings and interviews with locals, the population was estimated to be between 15 and 30 individuals.
Researchers concluded that the group had certainly survived but did not increase in number possibly due to adverse relations with humans.
Second, the Wildlife Conservation Society has funded conservation projects intended for the colobine but in both cases, there has been no apparent action that was directly supportive of the monkey.
species in Class A shall be totally protected throughout the entire territory of the Contracting States; the hunting, killing, capture or collection of specimens shall be permitted only on the authorization in each case of the highest competent authority and only if required in the national interest or for scientific purposes.
It has been suggested that an important way to promote conservation of the monkey is to simply spread awareness about it – that it is not a harmful animal and that it can actually be good for the region's economy because it draws tourism.
Reception from western critics was much more positive; many critics and film scholars have come to proclaim its action scenes as among the best ever filmed.
Angered by the death of his partner, Tequila shoots and kills the gangster who ambushed them at point-blank range rather than arrest him, much to the chagrin of his superintendent Pang, who wanted the gangster alive to testify.
Wong, who is looking to usurp the old Triad bosses through his control of the illicit arms trade, is impressed by Alan's skill and attempts to recruit him.
Tequila tracks Alan down to his sailboat to try to make sense of the situation, but the two are ambushed by the remnants of Hoi's gang.
Alan then shoots Foxy in the chest, although he secretly placed a cigarette lighter in Foxy's breast pocket earlier to prevent the shot from being fatal.
Foxy finds Tequila at a jazz bar and informs him that Wong's armory is hidden in a vault beneath a nearby hospital.
As Tequila takes Foxy to the hospital, Wong finds out that Foxy is alive and sends Alan to kill Foxy, as well as sending Mad Dog separately to cover Alan.
While Tequila goes to assist Chang with the babies, Alan and Mad Dog find themselves in a standoff with a group of patients caught in the middle.
Tequila finds the last baby in the maternity unit, and carries it to safety while fighting off the last of the gangsters.
Knowing that Wong's Triad associates will go after Alan, Pang and Tequila destroy his personnel file and declare him dead, allowing him to leave Hong Kong to find a new life.
After creating films which focused on the lives of gangsters, director John Woo wanted to make a film that glorified the police instead.
While creating this character, Woo was inspired by a police officer who was a strong-willed and tough member of the police force, as well as being an avid drummer.
The role of Teresa Chang was originally made for actress Michelle Yeoh who had a long relationship with producer Terence Chang.
When Terence Chang was making connections to have Woo make films in the United States, Chang found people uninterested and disgusted with the theme of babies being poisoned.
After writing the first part of the script, Wong went on a vacation outside Hong Kong, where he died leaving the script unfinished.
Woo saw the staircase in the tea house, and thought about a scene where a character would come shooting down gun smugglers while sliding down the banister.
It was shot with interruptions from many local triads in the area asking for protection money, and residents complaining about the noise.
Due to the length of the film, scenes from a side-story involving the relationship between the character Tequila and Teresa Chang were cut.
To develop his character more, Chow asked John Woo to insert a mentor character in the film, which Woo himself would play; Chow felt that having Woo in this role would make Woo not cut out these scenes.
While filming in the hospital, the windows were covered with blast shields to give the appearance of night time, which allowed the crew to film at any time during the day.
This led to having the last scene be one long five-minute scene of action to shorten the time needed to film.
To complete this, during the scene when two characters go into an elevator to talk for twenty seconds, the crew changes the scene entirely and sets up the explosions for the scene to continue seamlessly.
Woo stated this was convenient as he did not have to worry about setting up boom mics and other sound elements.
Originally, when Miramax bought the rights to Hard Boiled, The Killer, and Bullet to the Head, they intended to release it in a cut version on video, it was until Woo prevented them from releasing it except Woo prefers his cut of his films to be released.
The film ranking website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 94% of critics had given the film positive reviews, based upon a sample of 31.
Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine gave the film the highest rating of four stars, proclaiming it to be one of Woo's best films.
John Woo's production company Lion Rock Entertainment is developing a film version of the game which will be written by Jeremy Passmore and Andre Fabrizio.
The receiver's overall bandwidth is not determined by the roofing filter but by a following crystal filter, mechanical filter or DSP filter.
These allow a much better filtering curve than a roofing filter, which often uses a high first IF above 40 MHz.
For more demanding uses like listening to weak CW or SSB signals, a roofing filter is required that gives a smaller passband appropriate to the reception mode in use.
The Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia.
The Secretary of State is sometimes described as the prime minister of the Holy See, even though the nominal head of government of Vatican City is the President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State.
If the office is vacant, a non-cardinal may serve as pro-tem secretary of state, exercising the powers of the Secretary of State until a suitable replacement is found or the Pro-Secretary is made a cardinal in a subsequent consistory.
Once the new Pope is chosen, the former secretary's role in the commission likewise expires, though he can be re-appointed as Secretary of State.
At this stage the secretary was a fairly minor functionary, the Vatican administration being led by the Cardinal Nephew, the Pope's confidant usually taken from his family.
The imprudence of Pope Julius III in entrusting the office of Cardinal Nephew to his alleged lover Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte, a teenaged, virtually illiterate street urchin whom his brother had adopted a few years earlier, led to an upgrading of the Secretary's job, as the incumbent had to take over the duties the Cardinal Nephew was unfit for.
By the time of Pope Innocent X the Secretary of State was always himself a Cardinal, and Pope Innocent XII abolished the office of Cardinal Nephew in 1692.
In 1973 Paul further broadened the Secretaryship by abolishing the ancient office of Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church and merging its functions into those of the Secretary.
Upon release, the album was mildly successful in the United States, although it did not chart and received little attention from music press in the United Kingdom and elsewhere internationally.
Since its release, the album has been reissued on LP in 1976, on CD in 1992 and 1999, and 180 gram LP in 2010.
Tom Waits began his musical career in 1970, performing every Monday night at The Troubadour, a venue in West Hollywood, California.
Around this time, Waits began working as a doorman at a San Diego, California, club, The Heritage, which was a coffee house by day.
Before recording the album, Waits became friends with his designated producer Jerry Yester and one afternoon in early 1972 recorded a pre-production tape in Yester's residence.
Drummer John Seiter, guitarist Peter Klimes, trumpeter Tony Terran and additional guitarist Shep Cooke were recruited through Yester and through Seiter, jazz bassist Bill Plummer was hired.
At the end of it, no one spoke for what felt like five minutes, either in the booth or out in the room.
The sophisticated piano melodies are often accompanied by trumpets, typical of the jazz sound that Waits originally designated for the album.
It depicts Waits leaning against a bar-room piano which is furnished with a shot of rye, a bottle of beer, cigarettes, an ashtray and a small candle with a blue pool table lamp above Waits' head.
The back cover art is minimal and only features a photograph of Waits staring directly into the camera, reputedly taken after one of Waits' performance at The Troubadour.
The single featured the same song pressed on both sides of the record, with the A-side in mono and the B-side in stereo.
The band consisted of Waits on vocals, acoustic guitar, and piano, Bob Webb on double bass, Rich Phelps on trumpet, and John Forsha on guitar.
The album was certified Silver in the United Kingdom in 2004 with shipments of over 60,000 copies and was later certified Gold in 2012 with shipments of over 100,000 copies.
Nottingham University Business School (NUBS) is the business school of the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom situated on the university's Jubilee Campus.
The business school was formed from the university's departments of industrial economics, accounting and insurance and its Institute of Management Studies.
The 2019 Times Higher Education World University Rankings’ ranked the School 7th among UK business schools and 87th in the World for business and management subjects.
The 2018 Times Higher Education World University Rankings’ ranked the School 11th among UK business schools and 75th in the World for business and management subjects.
NUBS MBA program continuously gets into top 100 global MBA ranking by the Economist and in the year 2017 the programme has been ranked 84th globally and 14th in the UK.
Times Higher Education and the Wall Street Journal business school report put the School`s Master in Finance program at the top 10 program in the World.
Both within and across academic divisions academic staff are also members of the Business School's research centres and institutes which indicated below.
The Nottingham University Business School (NUBS) offers a number of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, including the one-year Master's of Business Administration (MBA), MBA for Executives, and PhD degrees.
The programmes are offered not only in the NUBS UK campus, but also in their campuses at Ningbo, China and at Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
Almost all programs and courses are accredited or supported by business (PwC, NHS, ICAEW Deloitte, Ernst and Young, HSBC,) or by professional institutions like CFA, ACCA, CIM.
The four year program at an undergraduate level is run collaboratively by the Nottingham University Business School, the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
The program covers the modules in financial accounting, assurance, principles of taxation, business law, microeconomics, macroeconomics, quantitative methods, organisation studies and business computing.
It is offered purely in collaboration with multinational business (World Bank, Experian, IBM, NHS, Tesco, Boots UK) in order to provide the exact skillset that they are looking for.
The program is accredited by the Chartered Banker Institute and has the focus on the modern knowledge about banking, financial markets and risk management in the financial institutes.
The program covers the modern topics and approaches in corporate finance including modern financial instruments, financial modelling, capital markets and financial security valuation.
MSc Finance and Investment is recognised by the Chartered Financial Analysts (CFA) Institute as the curriculum covers significant portion of the CFA Program Candidate Body of Knowledge (CBOK)—including the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct.
The program is accredited by the Chartered Insurance Institute and covers the areas of risk analysis, risk and society, management of risks in banks and in insurance companies, quantitative risk management, and the strategic use of insurance in risk management.
On 26 August 1995, during the bombing campaign in France, a gas bottle equipped with a detonation system was found near the Paris-Lyon TGV railway, near Cailloux-Sur-Fontaines (Rhône).
The device had not exploded, and was found to be similar to the one which had been set off on 25 July in the Saint-Michel RER station.
Further investigations revealed that Kelkal had been behind the car bomb that exploded in front of a Jewish school on 7 September 1995 in Villeurbanne, a suburb of Lyon, which was set to explode as the children left the building at the end of the school day.
Final results of the popular vote tally showed that Golkar, the former ruling party of the New Order era, received the most number of votes.
The Democratic Party and the Prosperous Justice Party, two of the newest parties to participate in the elections, received a combined 14.8% of the popular vote.
Based on the final allocation of seats in the People's Representative Council, Golkar, the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle, the National Awakening Party, the United Development Party, the Democratic Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, and the National Mandate Party were qualified to submit candidates for the country's first direct presidential election later in the year.
Beginning in 2004, the MPR was composed of the existing People's Representative Council (DPR) and a new Regional Representative Council (DPD).
Because all the seats in the MPR were directly elected, this called for the removal of the military from the legislature, whose 38 seats in the Assembly were appointed.
This change and an amendment for direct election of the President and Vice President were significant steps for Indonesia on the road towards full democracy.
The new DPD was composed of four representatives from each of the 32 provinces of Indonesia, not totalling more than one-third of the members of the DPR.
This reduction from the 48 parties that stood in the 1999 legislative election was attributed mainly to a new election law that allowed only parties that had won 2% of seats in the DPR, or 3% of seats in provincial and regental legislatures in half of the provinces to stand in the 2004 election.
The International Foundation for Electoral Systems conducted a tracking survey that showed not all voters knew how to vote for candidates of the new DPD, or were even aware it existed.
More than 1,200 candidates stood for 128 seats in the DPD, and 7,756 candidates stood for 550 seats in the DPR.
The election results determined which political parties were eligible to submit candidates for Indonesia's first direct presidential election, which was held on 5 July.
Only parties that received 5% of the popular vote or 3% of seats in the People's Representative Council could submit candidates.
The counting of votes took one month, and the final results were announced on 5 May, one week later than was initially scheduled.
It had previously lost to the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle in the 1999 legislative election after being in power since 1970.
To achieve proportional representation, seat allocation was conducted using the largest remainder method, whereby the Hare quota was used to determine seats automatically secured by individual parties.
Any remaining seats assigned to the electoral region were allocated to remaining political parties based on the rank order of their remaining votes.
Of these cases, 38 decisions affected the final allocation of seats in the People's Representative Council and provincial and regental legislatures.
Meanwhile, the only seat allocated to the Freedom Bull National Party by the General Election Commission was reassigned to the Reform Star Party.
After the resolution of all disputes, sixteen parties received at least one seat in the People's Representative Council, while eight received none.
The inconsistency in the order of parties according to votes received and seats allocated arose due to a special rule created to address uneven population distribution between Java and other islands.
This rule stipulates that the Hare quota values for the provinces in Java were on average higher than those for the outer islands.
For example, the National Awakening Party (PKB) received more votes than the National Mandate Party (PAN) but received nearly the same number of seats.
More than half of PKB seats were received in the party's stronghold of East Java, where the quota value was higher.
Results showed that Golkar, the former ruling party of the New Order era led by People's Representative Council Speaker Akbar Tanjung, had won the most number of seats, defeating President Megawati Sukarnoputri's Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI–P).
Golkar's support in its traditional stronghold of Sulawesi declined due to the performance of medium and small parties in the region.
Despite winning the largest share of vote once again in Bali, PDI–P performance there suffered the greatest after the 2002 bombings by terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah devastated the island province's economy.
Both the National Awakening Party (PKB) and the United Development Party (PPP), both of whom were considered Islamist parties, maintained their rankings in the People's Representative Council.
The PKB, co-founded by former President and former Nahdlatul Ulama Chairman Abdurrahman Wahid, continued to perform well in its stronghold of East Java despite losing votes.
Christianity-based Prosperous Peace Party (PDS) received 14.8% of votes in Christian-dominant North Sulawesi and 13 seats overall in the People's Representative Council.
The 2004 legislative election was the most complicated in Indonesian history because Indonesians had to vote for representatives at the national, provincial, and regental levels.
The election was described as the longest and most complicated election in the history of democracy and secured the nation's place as the world's third-largest democracy.
Seven political parties met the criteria to submit candidates for the July presidential election: Golkar, the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI–P), the National Awakening Party (PKB), the United Development Party (PPP), the Democratic Party (PD), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the National Mandate Party (PAN).
Newly elected members of the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD) took the oath of office in separate sessions on 1 October, one day later than was scheduled.
Both houses then convened together in the early morning of 2 October and took the oath of office as the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Ginandjar Kartasasmita was elected the inaugural chairman of the DPD with 72 of 128 votes in a run-off against Irman Gusman on 1 October.
The Chairman of the MPR was not elected until several days later when Hidayat Nur Wahid of the PKS won the vote 326 to 324 against PDI–P's Sutjipto.
On 5 October, three regencies were carved out of the province of South Sulawesi to form West Sulawesi as the 33rd province of Indonesia.
Because this occurred after the elections, West Sulawesi was not represented in the Regional Representative Council until the 2009 legislative election.
Originally common land for the parishes of Battersea and Clapham, it was converted to parkland under the terms of the Metropolitan Commons Act 1878.
Half of the park is within the London Borough of Wandsworth, and the other half is within the London Borough of Lambeth.
Originally common land for the parishes of Battersea and Clapham, William Hewer was among the early Londoners to build adjacent to it.
The land had been used for cricket in 1700 and was drained in the 1760s, and from the 1790s onwards fine houses were built around the common as fashionable dwellings for wealthy business people in what was then a village detached from metropolitan London.
Some later residents were members of the Clapham Sect of evangelical reformers, including Lord Teignmouth and Henry Thornton, the banker and abolitionist.
Excerpts of Chambers weekly addresses to the student body at the college were published in 1934 by his wife Gertrude (Biddy) Hobbs in the book My Utmost For His Highest, perhaps one of the most widely read Christian devotional books (39 languages, 13 million copies).
As London expanded in the 19th century, Clapham was absorbed into the capital, with most of the remaining palatial or agricultural estates replaced with terraced housing by the early 1900s.
Clapham Common has a range of sporting facilities, including a running track, bowling green, cricket, football, rugby and Australian rules football pitches, and a skateboard venue.
The park contains three ponds, two of which are historical features, and a more modern paddling pool known as Cock Pond.
Eagle Pond and Mount Pond are used for angling and contain a variety of species including carp to 20 lb, roach, tench and bream.
Eagle Pond was extensively refurbished in 2002 when it was completely drained, landscaped and replanted to provide a better habitat for the fish it contained.
Clapham Common and Clapham South Underground stations are on the edge of the common at its easternmost and southernmost points respectively.
A memorial tree to actor Jeremy Brett – who had lived locally for many years prior to his death in 1995 – was planted on 30 March 2007.
For many years it was also erroneously thought to be one of the bandstands first erected in 1861 in the Royal Horticultural Society's gardens in South Kensington, which would have made it the oldest surviving cast iron bandstand in Europe.
However, recent research has shown that these bandstands went to Southwark Park and Peckham Rye, and it appears that the Clapham bandstand was fabricated to a very similar design almost thirty years later.
The bandstand's maintenance had been neglected by Lambeth Council for thirty years, and by 2001 it was thought to be in danger of collapse and had to be shored up with scaffolding for five years.
The drainage bund around the bandstand was restored with granite setts during the summer of 2011 at a cost of £12,000 to resolve design faults in the earlier works.
There have been several attacks on men in the vicinity of the park, including one in 2005 on a young man, Jody Dobrowski, thought by his attackers to be gay, during which he was badly beaten and later died.
A Lesbian & Gay Pride event, to be termed Pride House, was planned to take place on the park during the 2012 Summer Olympics, but ran into opposition from the Friends of Clapham Common, and was eventually cancelled for lack of funding.
While traveling on a ship, Franklin had observed that the wake of a ship was diminished when the cooks scuttled their greasy water.
Two years later, Blatty adapted the novel into a film of the same title and won Best Screenplay at the 38th Golden Globe Awards.
Born and raised in New York City, Blatty received his bachelor's degree in English from Georgetown University in 1950, and his master's degree in English literature from the George Washington University.
Following completion of his master's degree in 1954, he joined the United States Air Force, where he worked in the Psychological Warfare Division.
and youngest child of Lebanese immigrants, Mary (née Mouakad), a devout Catholic and the niece of a bishop, and Peter Blatty, a cloth cutter.
Initially unable to find a job in teaching, he worked as a vacuum-cleaner door-to-door salesman, a beer-truck driver, and as a United Airlines ticket agent.
He then enlisted in the United States Air Force, where he ultimately became head of the Policy Branch of the USAF Psychological Warfare Division.
Mustering out of the Air Force, he joined the United States Information Agency and worked as an editor based in Beirut, Lebanon.
In the late 1950s, Blatty worked as the public relations director at Loyola University of Los Angeles and as a publicity director at the University of Southern California.
in 1960, a humorous look at both his early life, and his work at the United States Information Agency in Lebanon.
The book sold more than 13 million copies in the United States alone and was translated into over a dozen languages.
First time around I never had the time (meaning the funds) to do a second draft, and this, finally, is it.
With forty years to think about it, a few little changes were inevitable – plus one new character in a totally new very spooky scene.
With his first wife, Mary Margaret Rigard, whom he married on February 18, 1950, he had three children: Christine Ann, Michael Peter, and Mary Joanne.
Following the dissolution of his first three marriages, Blatty married Julie Alicia Witbrodt, his fourth wife, in 1983, with whom he had two children.
In 2012, he filed a canon law petition against his alma mater, Georgetown University, which he said has been at variance with Catholic Church teaching for decades, inviting speakers who support abortion rights and disobeying Pope John Paul II's instructions issued to church-affiliated colleges and universities in 1990.
Since 1930, Mühlacker has been transmitter site, at which between 1934 and 1945 the tallest tower ever built of wood stood (height: 190 metres).
Mühlhausen an der Enz where Spree killer Ernst August Wagner killed 13 people in 1913 has been a part of the city since 1972.
As a curiosity, until 1930 it had two stations side by side, the larger Württemberg station and the Baden railway station.
Favored by the dismantling of custom barriers 1819-1851 and the abolition of the compulsory guild (1862), industrial enterprises settled near the train station.
Aka Morchiladze () is the pen name of Giorgi Akhvlediani (გიორგი ახვლედიანი) (born November 10, 1966), a Georgian writer and literary historian who authored some of the best-selling prose of post-Soviet Georgian literary fiction.
Singles is a 1992 American romantic comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Bridget Fonda, Campbell Scott, Kyra Sedgwick, and Matt Dillon.
The film was distributed by Warner Bros. and released theatrically on September 18, 1992 to generally positive reviews from critics and moderate box office success, grossing over $18 million.
Divided into chapters, the film focuses on the course of two couples' rocky romances, as well as the love lives of their friends and associates.
The events of the film are set against the backdrop of the early 1990s grunge movement in Seattle and features appearances from several musicians prominent in that movement.
In the end (aside from some setbacks) Debbie meets her perfect significant other at an airport, Linda and Steve finally commit to each other (Steve leaves the apartment block to be with Linda), and after Janet finally gives up on her relationship with Cliff, he realizes she is the one for him and wins her back with a series of kind gestures.
The film was shot at a number of locations around Seattle and includes scenes at Gas Works Park, Capitol Hill, Jimi Hendrix's original grave at Greenwood Memorial Park in Renton and Pike Place Market.
The apartment building is located on the northwest corner of the intersection of E Thomas St & 19th Ave E. Additional concert footage was shot in the now-defunct RKCNDY bar.
An early acoustic version of the song was created and can be heard in the background during a scene of the film.
Also, in the inside cover photo of the , there is a Citizen Dick CD with the track listing on the CD itself.
On July 5, 2015, Derek Erdman held a public screening of the movie in the courtyard of Capitol Hill’s Coryell Court Apartments—the building in which some of the main characters live.
The soundtrack included music from key bands from the Seattle music scene of the time, such as Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden.
In its early years, the British V bomber force relied on the concept of aircraft dispersal to escape the effects of an enemy attack on their main bases.
There were 26 such bases in the late 1950s, in addition to the ten main bases – RAF Coningsby, RAF Cottesmore, RAF Finningley, RAF Gaydon, RAF Honington, RAF Marham, RAF Scampton, RAF Waddington, RAF Wittering (HQ RAF Bomber Command) and RAF Wyton – a total of 36 bases available for the V bomber force.
In times of heightened international tension the V bomber force, already loaded with their nuclear weapons, could be flown to the dispersal bases where they could be kept at a few minutes readiness to take-off.
The bases were situated around the United Kingdom in such a way that a nuclear strike by an attacking state could not be guaranteed to knock out all of Britain's ability to retaliate.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Prime Minister Harold Macmillan declined to order the dispersal of the V-Force because he believed the Soviets would view this as provocative.
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, CH, FRS (14 February 1869 – 15 November 1959) was a Scottish physicist and meteorologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the cloud chamber.
With financial support from his step-brother he studied biology at Owens College, now the University of Manchester, with the intent of becoming a doctor.
Beginning in 1894, he worked for some time at the observatory on Ben Nevis, where he made observations of cloud formation.
He then tried to reproduce this effect on a smaller scale at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, expanding humid air within a sealed container.
The invention of the cloud chamber was by far Wilson's signature accomplishment, earning him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927.
The cloud chamber allowed huge experimental leaps forward in the study of subatomic particles and the field of particle physics, generally.
Weather was a focus of Wilson's work throughout his career, from his early observations at Ben Nevis to his final paper, on thunderclouds.
While some scientists believed phenomena should be observed in pure nature, others proposed laboratory-controlled experiments as the premier method for inquiry.
For the invention of the cloud chamber he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927, becoming the only Scottish-born person to do so.
For example, his last research paper, published in 1956 when he was in his late eighties (at that time he was the oldest FRS to publish a paper in the Royal Society's journals), was on atmospheric electricity.
The Wilson Society, the scientific society of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge is named for him, as is the CTR Wilson Institute for Atmospheric Electricity, the Atmospheric Electricity Special Interest Group of the Royal Meteorological Society.
The Faroe Islands have a multi-party system (disputing on independence and unionism as well as left and right), with numerous parties in which a single party normally does not have a chance of gaining power alone, and therefore the parties must work together in order to form a coalition government.
Julius Constantius was a paternal half-brother of the Emperor Constantine I, which, in turn, meant Gallus was a half-first cousin of Constantine's sons, Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans.
At some point prior to 331/2, Gallus' mother, Galla, seems to have died, as at that stage, Gallus' father was married to one Basilina and had had a son by that marriage.
Gallus had three siblings: an elder sister, of unknown name, who was the first wife of Constantius II, an elder brother, also of unknown name, who died in the purges after the death of Constantine I, and a younger half-brother by his father's second marriage, named Flavius Claudius Iulianus, commonly known as Julian.
Gallus' father and his elder brother were amongst those killed during the purges that occurred in the imperial family after the death of Constantine I in 337.
Gallus himself was one of the only imperial males, outside of the three sons of Constantine I and Fausta, who were not killed; the others being Gallus' younger half-brother, Julian, and their cousin, Nepotian, each of whom was very young at the time.
It is believed that, after the death of Eusebius in 341, Constantius then sent Gallus and Julian to continue their studies at the imperial household in Macellum, Cappadocia.
An alternative view claims that hints in the sources suggest that Gallus was sent to Ephesus to study, then to a type of exile in Tralles and from there to the imperial household in Macellum.
The rebellion, possibly started before Gallus' elevation to Caesar, was crushed by Gallus' general, Ursicinus, who ordered all the rebels slain.
Gallus was saved from an assassination plot by a woman, who revealed that some members of her household were planning the murder.
Some sources, among whom are Joannes Zonaras, claim that this plot had been organized by Magnentius in order to distract Constantius.
Other sources, basing their views on an almost-peaceful situation between the Sassanids and Romans while Shapur II was engaged in a campaign against the Huns in the east, dismiss this claim.
Ammianus relays an abortive scheme of Nohodares, Shapur's lieutenant in Mesopotamia, to surprise the town of Batnae, which was betrayed by some in his own army, in 353.
As a consequence of the need to gather food for the troops for a Persian campaign or because of drought, the grain supply in Antioch decreased.
In order to counter the higher price of grain, Gallus forced the passage of some laws regardless of the opinion of the Senate, thus alienating the senatorial class of Antioch.
Ammianus reports also that Gallus and Constantina brought a number of wealthy people to trial for magic, ending in the execution of innocents and in the confiscation of their wealth.
The same source claims that Gallus walked anonymously in Antioch by night, asking passersby for their opinion on their caesar, while Julian records the great amount of time spent by Gallus at the Hippodrome, probably to obtain popular support.
Doubting his cousin's loyalty, Constantius reduced the troops under Gallus, and sent the Praetorian Prefect Domitianus to Antioch to urge Gallus to go to Italy.
Different sources tell different stories, but all agree that Gallus arrested Domitianus and the quaestor Montius Magnus who had come to his aid, and that the two officers were killed.
First he summoned Ursicinus to the West, whom he suspected of inciting Gallus in order to create the occasion for a revolt and the usurpation of his own son.
In an attempt to further isolate Gallus from any form of military protection, Constantius had the garrisons removed from the towns in Gallus's path.
When Gallus arrived at Poetovio in Noricum, Barbatio, an officer who had been supporting Gallus' dismissal within Constantius' court, surrounded the palace of the Caesar and arrested him, stripping Gallus of the imperial robes, but assuring him that no harm would come to him.
Gallus tried to put the blame for all of his actions on Constantina, but Constantius sentenced him to death; the emperor later changed his mind, and ordered Gallus spared, but Eusebius prevented the order from reaching the executioners.
Patrick Maurice Benguigui (; born 14 May 1959), better known by his stage name Patrick Bruel (), is a French singer-songwriter, actor and professional poker player.
In his youth, Bruel aspired to be a football player, but decided instead to pursue singing after seeing Michel Sardou in 1975.
In 2003, just before his partner, the writer and playwright Amanda Sthers, gave birth to his first child, Oscar, on 19 August, he changed his name to Bruel-Benguigui, combining his stage name with his birth name.
As of 2004, Bruel has acted in more than forty television and film productions, and has made five studio albums and several live albums.
As of 2009. he has earned more than $900,000 in tournament play, of which his ten cash winnings at the WSOP account for $411,659.
Hugh Borton (May 14, 1903 – August 6, 1995) was an American historian who specialized in the history of Japan, later serving as president of Haverford College.
His parents sent him to Quaker schools and after graduating from Haverford College in 1927, he and his wife Elizabeth Wilbur, proceeded to find a way of making a living that was in line with their Quaker beliefs.
They looked to the American Friends Service Committee, which set up teaching posts for them at a small school in the foothills of the Tennessee’s Great Smoky Mountains.
Borton's three years living among the Japanese affected his outlook to the extent that he thereafter devoted himself to studying Japan.
He then traveled across the Atlantic to pursue further study under the supervision of Professors J. J. L. Duyvendak and Johannes Rahder at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
He returned to the United States to take a position on the faculty at Columbia, lecturing on modern Japanese history and language.
He also played a key role in structuring the first undergraduate program in Japanese studies in the newly expanded Department of Chinese and Japanese.
Borton’s academic career was interrupted by America’s entry into the Second World War following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, diverting him into public service.
Borton cited his Quaker principles in conscientiously objecting to serving in the armed forces, but he was interested in doing what he could to prepare for the peace after the war.
In June 1942 he sought leave from Columbia to spend the summer serving on the faculty of the School of Military Government at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville.
It marked the beginning of six years during which he was in the midst of a corps of officials who focused not on the military advancement of the war, but in preparing peacetime measures not focused on punishing Japan, but on reforming it so that a similar war would be less likely to occur.
Borton drafted many of the State Department proposals and was a proponent of many of its positions, including those that resulted in key decisions such as the decision not to prosecute Emperor Hirohito as a war criminal and the decision to not replace the Japanese government but to disband the Japanese military and replace the wartime leadership.
In 1948 Borton returned to academic life at Columbia, where he was a prominent organizer of the East Asian Institute as the University's centre of modern and contemporary East Asian studies.
He replaced the inaugural director, Sir George Sansom, and later helped to establish the Association for Asian Studies, serving as its first treasurer and later as its president.
In 1957, Borton resigned his post at Columbia to accept an appointment to Haverford College as its president, before retiring in 1967.
In 1972 he retired to his farm in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts to enjoy the farm life which he loved and to practice his Quaker faith.
William Alfred Fowler (August 9, 1911 – March 14, 1995) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics.
He is known for his theoretical and experimental research into nuclear reactions within stars and the energy elements produced in the process.
Later in 1973, he would travel to the USSR just to observe the steam engine that powered the Trans Siberian Railway plying the nearly 2,500-kilometer route that connects Khabarovsk and Moscow.
That 1957 paper in Reviews of Modern Physics categorized most nuclear processes for origin of all but the lightest chemical elements in stars.
Fowler succeeded Charles Lauritsen as director of the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory at Caltech, and was himself later succeeded by Steven E. Koonin.
Fowler was the doctoral advisor at Caltech for Donald D. Clayton, who became the leader of the next generation of nuclear astrophysics and who in 2000 was elected Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Following his graduation, he served as a professor at Tokyo University of Education (東京教育大, today's University of Tsukuba) from 1949 to 1977, and at Chuo University from 1977 to 1984.
The reasons for rejection included such grounds as the claim that the description of the High Treason Incident (大逆事件) was not appropriate, and that the draft did not clarify the fact that the Russo-Japanese War was supported by the Japanese people.
After the curriculum guidelines (学習指導要領) for high school social studies changed in 1955, Ienaga applied for authorization for the third and fourth editions of his textbook in November 1956 and May 1957.
He demanded ¥1,000,000 () under the State Redress Law (国家賠償法) for the psychological damage that he suffered from the government's allegedly unconstitutional system of school textbook authorization making him correct the contents of his draft textbook against his will and violating his right to freedom of expression.
Writing and publication of history textbook is a form of speech that is protected by the Constitution; however, the system of school textbook authorization as it was practiced in 1965 conducted thought control and prohibited publication and use of textbooks at schools that were deemed inappropriate according to a particular political ideology held by the government.
According to Ienaga this falls under the category of censorship (検閲) that is prohibited by Section 2, Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan.
Article 21 specifically prohibits censorship in an independent section because it is the principle of the democratic constitution of Japan that the people are guaranteed the opportunities to freely enjoy the results of scholastic researches, be exposed to all sorts of ideas and opinions, and know socio-political reality and historical truth through various media such as press, radio, and television.
The authorization system was against Article 10 of Fundamental Law of Education (教育基本法) that states that education shall not submit to unjust control.
This is from reflection on the past that the pre-war education system of Japan attempted to control thought by standardizing and uniforming education.
Therefore, the content of education ought to be left unstandardized and be free from uniformalization by the political authority, ienaga argued.
At the second trial (filed by Ienaga on July 26, 1974, ruled on March 19, 1986, at Tokyo High Court), Judge Suzuki wholly adopted the claim of the state and denied any abuse of discretion in the authorization process.
At the third trial (filed by Ienaga on March 20, 1986, ruled on March 16, 1993, at Supreme Court), Judge Kabe followed the verdict of the second trial and rejected the appeal.
At the second trial (filed by the state on July 24, 1970, ruled on December 20, 1975, at Tokyo High Court), Judge Azakami rejected the appeal by the state on the ground that the decision of the authorization lacks consistency.
At the third trial (filed by the state on December 30, 1975, ruled on April 8, 1982, at Supreme Court), the Supreme Court reversed and remanded the appeal to the high court as the curriculum guideline had already been revised since the time of the first lawsuit and as the result there is no longer any merit in requesting reversal of Ministry's decision.
At the fourth trial (ruled on June 27, 1989, at Tokyo High Court), the judge rejected the ruling of the first trial since the plaintiff has already lost interest in requesting the reversal of the rejection of his textbook.
Ienaga filed a suit against the government of Japan to demand state compensation for the result of textbook authorization in 1982 that rejected his draft textbook.
More specifically, it is treated wastewater (sewage) that has been purified using dual-membrane (via microfiltration and reverse osmosis) and ultraviolet technologies, in addition to conventional water treatment processes.
Water recycling in Singapore began in 1974, but the experimental treatment plant was closed a year later because of costs and reliability issues.
In 1998, the Public Utilities Board (PUB) and the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR) initiated the Singapore Water Reclamation Study (NEWater Study).
NEWater and desalination both were explored to reduce reliance on water imported from Malaysia, which has long been a source of friction between the Malaysian and Singapore governments.
The Malaysian government is treaty bound to sell water to Singapore until 2061, but it has no obligation to do so after that date.
The PUB launched NEWater to the public in 2003, with the opening of the first two NEWater plants - the Bedok and Kranji plants - as well as the NEWater Visitor Centre.
The PUB was cautious in its usage of terms, avoiding terms such as 'wastewater' or 'sewage' that carried a negative connotation.
The NEWater Visitor Centre, which allows people to view the NEWater treatment process, was also opened to enhance visitors' understanding of how NEWater is produced.
These public engagement efforts were aimed at correcting any misunderstandings people might have towards recycled water and increasing public support for reused water.
In January 2017, a new NEWater plant was launched at Changi, and is the first plant to be jointly developed by a foreign and local company.
The Bedok and Kranji factories were commissioned in 2002, the Ulu Pandan plant in March 2007 and the Changi plant in August 2009.
A plant at Seletar, commissioned in February 2004, was closed in 2011, as the PUB implemented its plan to centralize the treatment of used water, under the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System.
The visitor centre was awarded the Best Sightseeing/Leisure/Educational Programme at the 20th Tourism Awards 2005 and the IWA Marketing & Communication Award in 2006.
Some 6% of this is used for indirect potable use, equal to about 1% of Singapore's potable water requirement of .
The rest is used at wafer fabrication plants and other non-potable applications in industries in Woodlands, Tampines, Pasir Ris, and Ang Mo Kio.
Government figures show the country's NEWater plans can meet up to 40% of Singapore's current needs, and the figure is expected to go up to 55% by 2060.
The quality of NEWater consistently exceeds the requirements set by US EPA and WHO guidelines and is cleaner than Singapore's other water sources.
The United Aircraft and Transport Corporation was formed in 1929, when William Boeing of the Boeing firms teamed up with Frederick Rentschler of Pratt & Whitney to form a large, vertically-integrated, amalgamated firm, uniting business interests in all aspects of aviation—a combination of aircraft engine and airframe manufacturing and airline business, to serve all aviation markets, both civil aviation (cargo, passenger, private, air mail) and military aviation.
With headquarters at Hartford, Connecticut, the holding company controlled the stock of the Boeing Airplane Company of Seattle, the Chance Vought Corporation, the Hamilton Aero Manufacturing Company (a propeller manufacturer), and the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company, an aeroengine manufacturer.
Sikorsky Aviation Corporation, the Stearman Aircraft Company of Wichita, Kansas, and the Standard Steel Propeller Company were added to United's portfolio shortly thereafter, followed by several more airlines brought into the fold.
After the Air Mail scandal of 1934, the U.S. government concluded that such large holding companies as United Aircraft and Transport were anti-competitive, and new antitrust laws were passed forbidding airframe or engine manufacturers from having interests in airlines.
Its manufacturing interests east of the Mississippi River (Pratt & Whitney, Sikorsky, Vought, and Hamilton Standard Propeller Company) were merged as United Aircraft Corporation (now United Technologies Corporation), headquartered in Hartford with Rentschler as president.
She is the seventh Women's World Chess Champion, a title she held from 1978 to 1991, and was the youngest one until 2010, when this record was broken by Hou Yifan.
She won outright on her debut at the Braşov women's international tournament of 1974 when she was only 13 years old and went on to win another tournament in Tbilisi in 1975 before entering the women's world championship cycle of 1976/77.
Her style of play is solid, but aggressive and well grounded in classical principles; it was influenced by Eduard Gufeld, a top Soviet trainer, who was her coach early in her career.
She advanced through to the Candidates Final, where she beat Alla Kushnir by 7½–6½ to set up a world title match in Pitsunda, Georgia, against Nona Gaprindashvili, the reigning women's world champion.
Her reign was the third longest, at 14 years, behind only that of the first women's champion, Vera Menchik, who reigned for 17 years from 1927 until her death in 1944, and that of Gaprindashvili's 16 years.
She has attempted to regain the world title but, with the rise of the Chinese women and the formidable Polgár sisters, this has proved difficult and her best performance since 1991 has been 1st in the Tilburg Candidates tournament of 1994, losing the playoff to Zsuzsa Polgár by 5½–1½.
She reached the semi-finals in 2001, only to be knocked out by Zhu Chen of China, who went on to win the title.
She has played extensively in men's tournaments around the world and her best form was seen in the 1980s and early 1990s.
She was 1st in tournaments in New Delhi (1984) and Banja Luka (1985) and in the next decade she finished 1st in Belgrade (1992), Vienna (1993) and in Lippstadt (1995).
She was a key member of the USSR team that dominated the women's Olympiads of the 1980s and, when Georgia achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, she played board 1 for the new Georgian national team that won four gold medals, in 1992, 1994, 1996 and 2008.
She also played in the European Team Championships of 1997 when Georgia won the gold medal and in the 1st Europe v Asia Intercontinental rapidplay match which was held in Batumi (Georgia) in September 2001.
She has been honoured many times by her country and several postage stamps have even been designed to celebrate her chess achievements.
Mongolia issued a commemorative stamp in 1986 which illustrates a position in one of her games from the 1984 world championship match against Irina Levitina.
She has helped to further boost the standing of the game in her country, where she, and the other top Georgian women, are fêted like movie stars.
Opposed to communism, socialism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was corporatist, conservative, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal's traditional Catholicism.
Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism, with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, and it being a supposed source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions.
Portugal joined the United Nations (UN) in 1955, and was a founding member of NATO (1949), OECD (1961), and EFTA (1960).
Fiercely criticized by most of the international community after World War II and decolonization, it was one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in Europe.
In addition, Portugal was declared bankrupt twice—first on 14 June 1892 and again on 10 May 1902—causing industrial disturbances, socialist and republican antagonism, and press criticism of the monarchy.
The Portuguese monarchy lasted until 1910 when, through the 5 October revolution, it was overthrown and Portugal was proclaimed a republic.
The overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy in 1910 led to a 16-year struggle to sustain parliamentary democracy under republicanism – the Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926).
The basis of his regime was a platform of stability, in direct contrast to the unstable environment of the First Republic.
According to some Portuguese scholars like Jaime Nogueira Pinto and Rui Ramos, his early reforms and policies changed the whole nation since they allowed political and financial stability and therefore social order and economic growth, after the politically unstable and financially chaotic years of the Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926).
After the First Republic, when not even public order was achieved, this looked like an impressive breakthrough to most of the population; Salazar achieved his height in popularity at this point.
Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental empire, financially autonomous and politically independent from the dominating superpowers, and a source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions.
The Estado Novo based his political philosophy around a close interpretation of the Catholic social doctrine, much like the contemporary regime of Engelbert Dollfuss in Austria.
The right of men to organise into trade unions and to engage in labor activities was thus inherent and could not be denied by employers or the state.
A new constitution was drafted by a group of lawyers, businessmen, clerics and university professors, with Salazar as the leading spirit and Marcelo Caetano also playing a major role.
The leaders wanted a system in which the people would be represented through corporations, rather than through divisive parties, and where national interest was given priority over sectional claims.
Salazar was against the whole-party concept and in 1930 he created the National Union a single-party, but he created it as a non-party.
The National Union was set up to control and restrain public opinion rather than to mobilize it, the goal was to strengthen and preserve traditional values rather than to induce a new social order.
The parallel Corporative Chamber included representatives of municipalities, religious, cultural and professional groups and of the official workers' syndicates that replaced free trade unions.
On paper, the new document vested sweeping, almost dictatorial powers in the hands of the president, including the power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister.
President Carmona, however, had allowed Salazar more or less a free hand since appointing him prime minister and continued to do so; Carmona and his successors would largely be figureheads as he wielded the true power.
Wiarda argues that Salazar achieved his position of power not just because of constitutional stipulations, but also because of his character: domineering, absolutist, ambitious, hardworking and intellectually brilliant.
These tended to stay in the realm of generalities and only a handful of people, less than 6,000, voted against the new constitution.
Their right to vote had not been obtained during the First Republic, despite feminist efforts, and even in the referendum vote, secondary education was a requirement for female voters, whereas males only needed to be able to read and write.
Under Salazar's supervision, Teotónio Pereira, the Sub-Secretary of State of Corporations and Social Welfare, reporting directly to Salazar, enacted extensive legislation that shaped the corporatist structure and initiated a comprehensive social welfare system.
Workers' organisations were subordinated to state control, but granted a legitimacy that they had never before enjoyed and were made beneficiaries of a variety of new social programs.
Nevertheless, it is important to note that even in the enthusiastic early years, corporatist agencies were not at the centre of power and therefore corporatism was not the true base of the whole system.
Salazar's own party, the National Union, was formed as a subservient umbrella organisation to support the regime itself, and therefore did not have its own philosophy.
One overriding criticism of his regime is that stability was bought and maintained at the expense of suppression of human rights and liberties.
Although Salazar admired Mussolini and was influenced by his Labour Charter of 1927, Salazar distanced himself from fascist dictatorship, which he considered a pagan Caesarist political system that recognised neither legal nor moral limits.
During World War II, 1939-1945, Portugal remained officially neutral, giving its highest priority to avoiding a Nazi invasion of the sort that was so devastating in most other European countries.
The regime at first showed some pro-Axis sympathies; Salazar for example expressed approval for the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
This support, however, can be mainly attributed to Salazar's staunch anti-communist position rather than actual support for Hitler, or the Nazi regime.
Portugal reluctantly leased the Azores as a direct result of being threatened with invasion should Portugal not cater to the requests of the Allies.
Lisbon was the base for International Red Cross operations aiding Allied POWs, and was the main air transit point between Britain and the U.S.
Opposition parties were tolerated to an extent, but they were also controlled, limited, and manipulated, with the result that they split into factions and never formed a united opposition.
However, Lopes was not willing to give Salazar the free hand that Carmona had given him, and was forced to resign just before the end of his term in 1958.
Delgado was credited with only around 25% of the votes with 52.6% in favour of Tomás, despite the consensual opinion that Delgado would have won had the count been honest.
He was well aware that the president's power to dismiss the prime minister was, on paper, the only check on Salazar's power.
After the elections, Delgado was expelled from the Portuguese Military, and took refuge in the Brazilian embassy before going into exile, spending much of it in Brazil and later in Algeria.
To keep opposition candidates from coming to power in 1959, Salazar abolished direct election of presidents in favour of election by the National Assembly—which was firmly controlled by the regime—serving as an electoral college.
Galvão claimed that his intentions were to sail to the Overseas Province of Angola to set up in Luanda a renegade Portuguese Government in opposition to Salazar.
The regime, fearing the growing popularity of both purely democratic and communist ideas among the students, carried out the boycott and closure of several student associations and organizations, including the important National Secretariat of Portuguese Students.
The political activists who were anti-regime used to be investigated and persecuted by PIDE-DGS, the secret police, and according to the gravity of the offence, were usually sent to jail or transferred from one university to another in order to destabilize oppositionist networks and its hierarchical organization.
The students, with strong support from the clandestine Portuguese Communist Party, responded with demonstrations which culminated on 24 March with a huge student demonstration in Lisbon, that was vigorously suppressed by the riot police.
The reluctance of many young men to embrace the hardships of the Portuguese Colonial War resulted in hundreds of thousands of Portuguese citizens each year leaving to seek economic opportunities abroad in order to escape conscription.
In over 15 years, nearly one million emigrated to France, another million to the United States, many hundreds of thousands to Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Venezuela, or Brazil.
Delgado and his Brazilian secretary, Arajaryr Moreira de Campos, were murdered on 13 February 1965 in Spain after being lured into an ambush by PIDE.
According to some Portuguese conservative scholars like Jaime Nogueira Pinto and Rui Ramos, Salazar's early reforms and policies allowed political and financial stability and therefore social order and economic growth, after the politically unstable and financially chaotic years of the Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926).
Other historians like, the also left-wing politician, Fernando Rosas, point out that Salazar's policies from the 1930s to the 1950s, led to economic and social stagnation and rampant emigration, turning Portugal into one of the poorest countries in Europe, that was also thwarted by scoring lower on literacy than its peers of the Northern Hemisphere.
As it was thought that he did not have long to live, Tomás replaced him with Marcelo Caetano, a reputed scholar of the University of Lisbon Law School, statesman and a distinguished member of the regime.
Caetano moved on to foster economic growth and made important social improvements, such as the awarding of a monthly pension to rural workers who had never had the chance to pay social security.
Some large scale investments were made at national level, such as the building of a major oil processing centre in Sines.
The economy reacted very well at first, but into the 1970s some serious problems began to show, due in part to two-digit inflation (from 1970 and on) and to the effects of the 1973 oil crisis.
However, the oil crisis of 1973 had a potentially beneficial effect to Portugal because the largely unexploited oil reserves that Portugal had in its overseas territories of Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe were being developed at a fast pace.
These measures did not go nearly far enough for a significant element of the population who had no memory of the instability which preceded Salazar.
The people were also disappointed that Caetano was unwilling to open up the electoral system; the 1969 and 1973 elections saw the National Union—renamed People's National Action—sweep every seat, as before.
However, Caetano had to expend all of his political capital to wring even these meager reforms had out of the hardliners in the regime—most notably Tomás, who was not nearly as content to give Caetano the free rein that he gave Salazar.
Caetano was thus in no position to resist when Tomás and the other hardliners forced the end of the reform experiment in 1973.
The government tried to obtain loans from Baring Brothers under the auspices of the League of Nations, but the conditions were considered unacceptable.
With Portugal under the threat of an imminent financial collapse, Salazar finally agreed to become its 81st Finance Minister on 26 April 1928 after the republican and Freemason Óscar Carmona was elected president.
However, before accepting the position, he personally secured from Carmona a categorical assurance that as finance minister he would have a free hand to veto expenditure in all government departments, not just his own.
Restoring order to the national accounts, enforcing austerity and red-penciling waste, Salazar produced the first of many budgetary surpluses, an unparalleled novelty in Portugal.
From 1950 until Salazar's death in 1970, Portugal saw its GDP per capita increase at an annual average rate of 5.7 per cent.
The rise of new technocrats in the early 1960s with a background in economics and technical-industrial expertise led to a new period of economic fostering, with Portugal as an attractive country for international investment.
During Salazar's tenure, Portugal participated in the founding of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1961.
In the early 1960s, Portugal also added its membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank.
The economic growth and levels of capital formation from 1960 to 1973 were characterized by an unparalleled robust annual growth rates of GDP (6.9 per cent), industrial production (9 per cent), private consumption (6.5 per cent) and gross fixed capital formation (7.8 per cent).
In 1960, at the initiation of Salazar's more outward-looking economic policy, Portugal's per capita GDP was only 38 percent of the European Community (EC-12) average; by the end of the Salazar period, in 1968, it had risen to 48 percent; and in 1973, under the leadership of Marcelo Caetano, Portugal's per capita GDP had reached 56.4 percent of the EC-12 average.
On a long term analysis, after a long period of economic divergence before 1914, and a period of chaos during the First Republic, the Portuguese economy recovered slightly until 1950, entering thereafter on a path of strong economic convergence with the wealthiest economies of Western Europe, until the Carnation Revolution in April 1974.
Through emigration, trade, tourism and foreign investment, individuals and firms changed their patterns of production and consumption, bringing about a structural transformation.
Simultaneously, the increasing complexity of a growing economy raised new technical and organizational challenges, stimulating the formation of modern professional and management teams.
This was accomplished through population and capital transfers, trade liberalization, and the creation of a common currency, the so-called Escudo Area.
The integration program established in 1961 provided for the removal of Portugal's duties on imports from its overseas territories by January 1964.
The latter, on the other hand, were permitted to continue to levy duties on goods imported from Portugal but at a preferential rate, in most cases 50 percent of the normal duties levied by the territories on goods originating outside the Escudo Area.
The liberalization of the Portuguese economy gained a new impetus under Salazar's successor, Prime Minister Marcello José das Neves Caetano (1968–1974), whose administration abolished industrial licensing requirements for firms in most sectors and in 1972 signed a free trade agreement with the newly enlarged European Community.
Under the agreement, which took effect at the beginning of 1973, Portugal was given until 1980 to abolish its restrictions on most community goods and until 1985 on certain sensitive products amounting to some 10 percent of the EC's total exports to Portugal.
Starting in 1960, EFTA membership and a growing foreign investor presence contributed to Portugal's industrial modernization and export diversification between 1960 and 1973.
Caetano moved on to foster economic growth and some social improvements, such as the awarding of a monthly pension to rural workers who had never had the chance to pay social security.
Some large scale investments were made at national level, such as the building of a major oil processing center in Sines.
Notwithstanding the concentration of the means of production in the hands of a small number of family-based financial-industrial groups, Portuguese business culture permitted a surprising upward mobility of university-educated individuals with middle-class backgrounds into professional management careers.
Before the 1974 Carnation Revolution, the largest, most technologically advanced (and most recently organized) firms offered the greatest opportunity for management careers based on merit rather than by accident of birth.
By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation.
Brisa – Autoestradas de Portugal was founded in 1972 and the State granted the company a 30-year concession to design, build, manage, and maintain a modern network of express motorways.
The economy of Portugal and its overseas territories on the eve of the Carnation Revolution (a military coup on 25 April 1974) was growing well above the European average.
Average family purchasing power was rising together with new consumption patterns and trends and this was promoting both investment in new capital equipment and consumption expenditure for durable and nondurable consumer goods.
and corporate headquarters located in mainland Portugal, but also with branches, plants and several developing business projects all around the Portuguese Empire, especially in the Portuguese territories of Angola and Mozambique.
In addition, the rural population was committed to agrarianism—greatly important for a majority of the total population, with many families living exclusively from agriculture or complementing their salaries with farming, husbandry and forestry yields.
Even during the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974), a counterinsurgency war against independentist guerrilla and terrorism, the overseas territories of Angola and Mozambique (Portuguese Overseas Provinces at the time) had continuous economic growth rates and several sectors of its local economies were booming.
They were internationally notable centres of production of oil, coffee, cotton, cashew, coconut, timber, minerals (like diamonds), metals (like iron and aluminum), banana, citrus, tea, sisal, beer (Cuca and Laurentina were successful beer brands produced locally), cement, fish and other sea products, beef and textiles.
Tourism was also a fast developing activity in Portuguese Africa both by the growing development of and demand for beach resorts and wildlife reserves.
While the counterinsurgency war was won in Angola, it was less than satisfactorily contained in Mozambique and dangerously stalemated in Portuguese Guinea from the Portuguese point of view, so the Portuguese Government decided to create sustainability policies in order to allow continuous sources of financing for the war effort in the long run.
However, in a context of an expanding economy, bringing better living conditions for the Portuguese population in the 1960s, the outbreak of the colonial wars in Africa set off significant social changes, among them the rapid incorporation of more and more women into the labour market.
Marcelo Caetano moved on to foster economic growth and some social improvements, such as the awarding of a monthly pension to rural workers who had never had the chance to pay social security.
The objectives of Caetano's pension reform were threefold: enhancing equity, reducing fiscal and actuarial imbalance, and achieving more efficiency for the economy as a whole, for example, by establishing contributions less distortive to labour markets or by allowing the savings generated by pension funds to increase the investments in the economy.
In 1969, with the replacement of Salazar by Marcelo Caetano, the Estado Novo-controlled nation got indeed a very slight taste of democracy and Caetano allowed the formation of the first democratic labour union movement since the 1920s.
Under the Estado Novo, between 1930 and 1940 the number of primary schools grew from 27 000 to 40 000, and while in the First Republic, between 1911 and 1930, Portugal's literacy grew from 29,7% to a modest 39,2%, under the Estado Novo the country's literacy rate, between 1930 and 1950, grew the double, from 39,2 % to 59,6 %.
In 1952 a vast multi-pronged Plan for Popular Education was launched with the intent of finally extirpate illiteracy and put into school every child of school age.
By the late 1950s Portugal had succeed in pulling itself out of the educational abyss in which it had long found itself: illiteracy among children of school age virtually disappeared.
The last two decades of the Estado Novo, from the 1960s to the 1974 Carnation Revolution, were marked by strong investment in secondary and university education, which experienced in this period one of the fastest growth rates of Portuguese education history to date.
Though this corresponded to significant growth of post-primary enrolment in larger urban areas, yet there was a gap to be filled in the following years, given the little time to overcome their disadvantaged starting position.
The massification of secondary education was only achieved in the late 1970s and 1980s, so by the time of the Carnation Revolution in 1974 illiteracy was receding, but low-literacy and illiteracy was still high, compared with the highest standards already achieved by the most developed countries in the world.
Egas Moniz, a Portuguese physician who developed the cerebral angiography and leucotomy, received in 1949 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – even now, the only Portuguese recipient of a Nobel in the sciences.
After India achieved independence in 1947 under the Attlee government, pro-Indian residents of the Portuguese overseas territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, with the support of the Indian government and the help of pro-independence organizations, liberated Dadra and Nagar Haveli from Portuguese rule in 1954.
In 1961, the Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá's annexation by the Republic of Dahomey was the start of a process that led to the final dissolution of the centuries-old Portuguese Empire.
According to the census of 1921 São João Baptista de Ajudá had 5 inhabitants and, at the moment of the ultimatum by the Dahomey Government, it had only 2 inhabitants representing Portuguese Sovereignty.
Another forcible retreat from overseas territories occurred in December 1961 when Portugal refused to relinquish the territories of Goa, Daman and Diu.
As a result, the Portuguese army and navy were involved in armed conflict in its colony of Portuguese India against the Indian Armed Forces.
The operations resulted in the defeat of the limited Portuguese defensive garrison, which was forced to surrender to a much larger military force.
The Portuguese regime refused to recognize Indian sovereignty over the annexed territories, which continued to be represented in Portugal's National Assembly.
The independence movements active in Portuguese Angola, Portuguese Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea were supported by both the United States and the Soviet Union, which both wanted to end all colonial empires and expand their own spheres of influence.
The criticism against some kinds of racial discrimination in the Portuguese African territories were refuted on the grounds that all Portuguese Africans would be Westernized and assimilated in due time, through a process called civilizing mission.
The wars had the same effects in Portugal as the Vietnam War in the United States, or the Afghanistan War in the Soviet Union; they were unpopular and expensive lengthy wars which were isolating Portugal's diplomacy, leading many to question the continuation of the war and, by extension, the government.
Although Portugal was able to maintain some superiority in the colonies by its use of elite paratroopers and special operations troops, the foreign support to the guerrillas, including arms embargoes and other sanctions against the Portuguese, made them more manoeuvrable, allowing them to inflict losses on the Portuguese army.
His replacement was one of his closest advisors, Marcelo Caetano, who tried to slowly democratize the country, but could not hide the obvious dictatorship that oppressed Portugal.
His report was printed a week before the Portuguese prime minister, Marcelo Caetano, was due to visit Britain to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance.
The various conflicts forced the Salazar and subsequent Caetano governments to spend more of the country's budget on colonial administration and military expenditures, and Portugal soon found itself increasingly isolated from the rest of the world.
After Caetano succeeded to the prime ministership, the colonial war became a major cause of dissent and a focus for anti-government forces in Portuguese society.
Many young dissidents, such as left-wing students and anti-war activists, were forced to leave the country so they could escape imprisonment or conscription.
However, between 1945 and 1974, there were also three generations of militants of the radical right at the Portuguese universities and schools, guided by a revolutionary nationalism partly influenced by the political sub-culture of European neofascism.
The core of the struggle of these radical students lay in an uncompromizing defence of the Portuguese Empire in the days of the authoritarian regime.
It had a profound impact on Portugal – thousands of young men avoided conscription by emigrating illegally, mainly to France and the US.
The war in the colonies was increasingly unpopular in Portugal itself as the people became weary of war and balked at its ever-rising expense.
Many ethnic Portuguese of the African overseas territories were also increasingly willing to accept independence if their economic status could be preserved.
Suddenly, after some failed attempts of military rebellion, in April 1974 the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, organized by left-wing Portuguese military officers – the Armed Forces Movement (MFA), overthrew the Estado Novo regime.
Younger military academy graduates resented a program introduced by Marcello Caetano whereby militia officers who completed a brief training program and had served in the overseas territories' defensive campaigns, could be commissioned at the same rank as military academy graduates.
Caetano's Portuguese Government had begun the program (which included several other reforms) in order to increase the number of officials employed against the African insurgencies, and at the same time cut down military costs to alleviate an already overburdened government budget.
Historian Kenneth Maxwell considers that, for many reasons, Portugal, in its transition from authoritarian rule to a more democratic government, resembled Nicaragua more than any other among the South American nations.
During the final months of the Francoist State, which had survived to this point, Spain considered invading Portugal to check the perceived threat of communism caused by the Carnation Revolution.
After a period of social unrest, factionalism, and uncertainty in Portuguese politics, between 1974 and 1976, neither far left nor far right radicalism prevailed.
For the Portuguese and their former colonies, this was a very difficult period, but many felt that the short-term effects of the Carnation Revolution were well worth the trouble when civil rights and political freedoms were achieved.
After the Carnation revolution in 1974 and the fall of the incumbent Portuguese authoritarian regime, almost all the Portugal-ruled territories outside Europe became independent.
It is about in length with a wingspan of and a body mass of for males and for females on average.
The plumage tone is variable but may be dark brown except for dark-streaked grey undersides to the flight feathers, and a barred grey undertail.
The gape only extends at maximum to the middle of the eye, whereas in lesser spotted eagle, it extends to the back of the eye.
Round nostrils are not present in either tawny eagles or steppe eagles, but the two spotted eagles also have round nostrils.
Historically, this has been due to two causes: the German population were considered, whether factually or not, linked with German nationalist regimes such as those of Imperial Germany or Nazi Germany.
This was the case in the World War I era persecution of Germans in the United States, and also in Eastern and Central Europe following the end of World War II.
While many victims of these persecutions did not, in fact, have any connection to those regimes, cooperation between German minority organisations and Nazi regime did occur, as the example of Selbstschutz shows, which is still used as a pretense of hostilities against those who did not take part in such organisations.
After World War II, many such Volksdeutsche were killed or driven from their homes in acts of vengeance, others in ethnic cleansing of territories prior to populating them with citizens of the annexing country.
in the case of the formerly large German-speaking populations of Russia, Estonia, or the Transylvanian (Siebenbürgen) German minority in Rumania and the Balkans) such persecution was a crime committed against innocent communities who had played no part in the Third Reich.
In the case of the South Tyrol, these hostilities hit the historically German population of an Austrian territory which had been annexed by Italy after World War I.
The debate sometimes encompasses the persecution of citizens of German descent in countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia during World War I and World War II.
Persecution of ethnic Germans was much the same in Australia as it was in the United States during World War I.
To avoid persecution and/or to demonstrate that they commit themselves to their new home, many Germans changed their names into anglicised or Francophone variants.
In Canada, thousands of German born Canadians were interned in detention camps during World War I and World War II and subjected to forced labour.
Many Ukrainians and other Central and Eastern Europeans were also detained during World War I as were Japanese and Italian-Canadians during World War II.
As a consequence all atrocities committed during the expulsion of Germans were made legal, and since the law is still in effect no perpetrator has ever faced charges for his or her crimes during the expulsion.
After the end of World War I, the German-speaking southern part of Tyrol was included in the new boundaries of Italy.
Many Tyroleans fled to Germany during this time, and the matter of this province became a source of friction between Hitler and Mussolini.
After the end of World War II, the organised persecution of Germans in South Tyrol came to an end, although ethnic strife continued for decades.
German POWs in Norway were forced to clear minefields and then walk over them, leading to the death and mutilation of hundreds of prisoners.
As a result of the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22,1941, Stalin decided to deport the German Russians to internal exile and forced labor in Siberia and Central Asia.
It is evident that, at this point, the regime considered national minorities with ethnic ties to foreign states, such as Germans, potential fifth columnists.
On August 12, 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party decreed the expulsion of the Volga Germans, allegedly for treasonous activity, from their autonomous republic on the lower Volga.
In subsequent months, an additional 400,000 ethnic Germans were deported to the Gulag in Siberia and Central Asia from their other traditional settlements such as the Ukraine and the Crimea.
The Soviets were not successful in expelling all German settlers living in the Western and Southern Ukraine, however, due to the rapid advance of the Wehrmacht (German army).
Because of the provisions of the Yalta Agreement, all former Soviet citizens living in Germany at war’s end had to be repatriated, most by force.
Thus, shortly after the end of the war, more than one million ethnic Germans from Russia were in special settlements and labor camps in Siberia and Central Asia.
On the final day of hostilities, 900 women in one village just east of Berlin took their children and drowned them in the river (followed by their own suicides) as soon as they heard the Russian guns coming.
when the Kaiserliche Marine started to challenge the Royal Navy, but particularly around 1912 and during World War I. Anti-German sentiment was so intense that the British Royal Family was advised by the government to change its name (which was of German origin), resulting in the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha becoming the House of Windsor.
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and the nephew of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.
A source of particular tension was the presence of pacifist Mennonite and Amish communities, which spoke (and speak) a dialect of German called Pennsylvania Dutch.
Many German-Americans translated their names or altered them to resemble English names (a trend which had begun in the 19th century, e.g.
By the time the U.S. troops returned from Europe, the German community had ceased to be a major force in American culture, or was no longer perceived as German (see Groucho Marx).
Most of the German-American population no longer identified themselves as German, nor were they identified with the Nazis in the popular mind.
Only enemy aliens were supposed to be interned, but family members, many of them American citizens, often joined them in the camps.
His mother, Lora Elsie (née Lawson) of New Hampshire (1874-1931), died when Aldrich was 13 and was remembered with fondness by her son.
Among his notable ancestors were the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene and the theologian Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island Colony.
A number of Aldrich's paternal uncles had impressive careers, among them a successful investment banker, a noted architect and Harvard instructor, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and a chairman of the Chase-Manhattan Bank who also served as U.S.
As the only male heir to the Lawson-Aldrich family line, Aldrich was under considerable pressure to compete successfully with his numerous cousins in a family of high achievers.
Failing to matriculate to Yale due to mediocre grades, Aldrich attended the University of Virginia from 1937 to 1941, majoring in economics.
Having satisfactorily demonstrated his aptitude for a career in finance, Aldrich defied his father by dropping out of college in his senior year without taking a degree.
Aldrich approached his uncle Winthrop W. Aldrich, who got his 23-year-old nephew a job at RKO Studios as a production clerk at $25 a week.
At the age of 23, Aldrich began work at RKO Pictures as a production clerk, an entry level position, after declining an offer through his Rockefeller connections to enter the studio as an associate producer.
Though the smallest of Hollywood's top studios, RKO could boast an impressive roster of directors (George Cukor, John Ford and Howard Hawks) as well as movie stars (Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, Cary Grant, Katharine Hepburn and the Marx Brothers).
When the United States entered the Second World War in December 1941, Aldrich was inducted into the Air Force Motion Picture Unit, but quickly discharged when an old football injury disqualified him for military service.
The film studios manpower shortage allowed Aldrich to win assignments as third or second tier director's assistant to learn the basics of filmmaking.
In 1944, Aldrich departed RKO to begin free-lancing on feature films at other major studios, including Columbia, United Artists and Paramount.
During these years Aldrich forged lasting professional relationships with talented artists who would serve him throughout his filmmaking career, namely cinematographer Joseph Biroc, film editor Michael Luciano, music director Frank De Vol, art director William Glasgow and screenwriter Lukas Heller.
A troupe of loyal, mostly male, players were enlisted for his film leads and supporting roles: Burt Lancaster, Jack Palance, Lee Marvin, Eddie Albert, Richard Jaeckel, Wesley Addy, Ernest Borgnine and Charles Bronson.
While at Enterprise, Aldrich established both a professional and a personal affiliation with screenwriter and director Abraham Polonsky, a major figure in the Popular Front movement of the 1930s.
Garfield plays a corrupt prizefighter who seeks to redeem himself by defying mobsters who insist he throw a fight or forfeit his life.
The story concerns a Wall Street attorney turned mob lawyer (Garfield) who informs on his employers when they murder his brother.
A number of Aldrich's associates at Enterprise came under scrutiny by the HUAC in the late 1940s after Enterprise had closed its doors.
Among them were Rossen, Polonsky, Garfield, directors John Berry and Joseph Losey, producer Carl Foreman and screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, some of whom suffered blacklisting and imprisonment.
This was largely due to his post-1930s entry into the film industry when recruitment by Communist and leftist organizations was declining.
During his apprenticeship Aldrich developed a keen appreciation for the nexus between autonomous control over every element of picture production and achievement of his creative vision.
The infant industries' golden age of live broadcasts was in a primitive stage of organization and producers were pleased to enlist talent from the Hollywood film industry.
More than merely a career move, television offered Aldrich an opportunity to apply the cinematic skills and concepts he had garnered during his eclectic education in movie-making to an entirely new medium.
Only guys that had never directed or couldn't get a shot... Walter Blake... convinced these people who were doing the Camay soap shows that I was a genius waiting behind a rock out here.
Despite this, Aldrich routinely dedicated half or more of the allotted time to rehearsals, an immensely reassuring practice for the players, contributing to the efficient execution of the final live shoot.
In his two-year stint in television, Aldrich was free to experiment with technique and narrative schemes that would appear later in his film treatments.
As such, he used cinematic framing and composition to reveal character motivation and close ups serving to highlight dialog, all of which endowed his episodes with a polished Hollywood studio-like appearance.
The success of these movies enabled Aldrich to set up his own company, The Associates and Aldrich, and sign a deal with United Artists.
It was made for Parklane Productions, the independent company of Victor Saville who owned the rights, and released through United Artists.
He signed Bette Davis and Joan Crawford as stars, got Lukas Heller to write the script, and raised finance through Warner Bros.
The film was a massive hit at the box office and earned five Academy Award nominations (including a win for black-and-white costume design), restoring Aldrich's commercial and critical reputation.
He picked a facility at 201 North Occidental Boulevard, which had been in existence as a film studio since 1913, making Mary Pickford movies, and had recently been the basis of Sutherland Productions.
Despite starring Michael Caine and Cliff Robertson and location work in the Philippines, the film made an overall loss of $6,765,000, making it one of the biggest money losers in the history of ABC Films.
By now Aldrich's relationship with ABC had become fraught and devolved into lawsuits, in part caused by ABC refusing to finance other Aldrich projects.
A tough police drama co starring Catherine Deneuve, it was another box office success, however tension between Aldrich and Reynolds during filming meant they made no more movies together.
From his marriage to Harriet Foster (1941–1965), Aldrich had four children, all of whom work in the film business—Adell, William, Alida and Kelly.
Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome.
In many organisms, a significant fraction of the genomic DNA is highly repetitive, with over two-thirds of the sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans.
The disposition of repetitive elements consists either in arrays of tandemly repeated sequences, or in repeats dispersed throughout the genome (see below).
Controversial references to ‘junk’ or ‘selfish’ DNA were put forward early on, implying that repetitive DNA segments are remainders from past evolution or autonomous self-replicating sequences hacking the cell machinery to proliferate.
Together with these regulatory roles, a structural role of repeated DNA in shaping the 3D folding of genomes has also been proposed.
For instance in human, mouse and fly, several classes of repetitive elements present a high tendency for co-localization within the nuclear space, suggesting that DNA repeats positions can be used by the cell as a genome folding map.
The disease conditions in which expansion occurs include Huntington’s disease, fragile X syndrome, several spinocerebellar ataxias, myotonic dystrophy and Friedrich ataxia.
It has been noted that genes containing pathogenic CAG repeats often encode proteins that themselves have a role in the DNA damage response and that repeat expansions may impair specific DNA repair pathways.
Faulty repair of DNA damages in repeat sequences may cause further expansion of these sequences, thus setting up a vicious cycle of pathology.
Tandem repeats: are copies which lie adjacent to each other, either directly or inverted.Satellite DNA - typically found in centromeres and heterochromatin.
Minisatellite - repeat units from about 10 to 60 base pairs, found in many places in the genome, including the centromeres.
Microsatellite - repeat units of less than 10 base pairs; this includes telomeres, which typically have 6 to 8 base pair repeat units.Interspersed repeats (aka.
Yotvingians, or Sudovians (also called Suduvians, Jatvians, or Jatvingians in English; ; ; , , ), were a Baltic people with close cultural ties in the 13th century to the Lithuanians and Prussians.
Today this area corresponds mostly to the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland, portions of Lithuania and a part of Hrodna Province of Belarus.
The territory was between later the Marijampolė and Merkinė (Lithuania); Slonim and Kobryn (Belarus); and Białystok, and Lyck,in Prussia now Ełk (Poland).
This was roughly the area of modern Belarus and Eastern Poland by the Narew river, coinciding with the Yotvingian linguistic territory of toponyms and hydronyms (Narew river).
In 944, during the treaty between the Kievan Rus' prince Igor and the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, the Yotvingians were hired by the Kievan ruler to serve as mercenaries.
Yotvingians also had a strong warrior culture and were generally well known as great warriors and hunters, and were feared by neighbouring Baltic tribes for their skill in warfare.
A census by the clergy of the Belarus Grodno area in 1860 had as many as 30,929 inhabitants identifying as Yatviags.
Sir Reginald Eustace Goodwin (3 July 1908 – 29 September 1986), usually known as Sir Reg Goodwin, was a British politician.
In his spare time he worked at the Oxford and Bermondsey Boys' Club, a charity set up by the University of Oxford to help underprivileged boys in Bermondsey, where he then lived.
Through this work he became full-time Assistant Secretary of the National Association of Boys' Clubs when it was established in 1934.
Goodwin joined the Labour Party in 1932, and began his political career when he was elected to Bermondsey Borough Council in 1937.
Meanwhile, he had been elected in Bermondsey West at the 1946 London County Council election, where Labour Leader Sir Isaac Hayward spotted his potential and gave him important committee assignments.
Goodwin became a member of the Greater London Council after its first election in 1964 and chaired the Finance Committee in the Labour administration.
After the Conservatives won a landslide election victory in 1967 he was chosen as the new Labour Leader almost by default, other more dynamic personalities having been defeated.
He was knighted on the recommendation of Harold Wilson in the 1968 New Year Honours and was almost always known as 'Sir Reg' thereafter.
He called on the GLC not to enter into contracts to build the motorways so that Londoners could have a choice at the 1973 elections.
After the election Sir Reg appointed Peter Walker to head his private office despite protests from the Conservatives and the GLC officers.
This was the first ever open political appointment in the history of British local government and soon set the template for other similar appointments.
Sir Reg then changed the whole political decision making process in the GLC, ensuring that officers left after presenting their papers to the Labour cabinet who then made a decision and Peter Walker acted as secretary conveying the decisions to the Officers after going through the Labour group.
By this manner Goodwin managed to continue the distinctly green agenda set in the 1973 manifesto despite many economic problems nationally that affected the GLC's finances.
He announced his resignation very suddenly by leaving 28 copies (one for every member of the Labour Group) of a resignation letter on the desk of the Chief Whip, with a note suggesting he might like to distribute them.
Although they wished him well personally and respected his contribution, the Bermondsey left insisted on a new candidate for the 1981 London elections and deselected him.
He let his membership of the Labour Party lapse in 1982, but was declared an honorary member on 21 February 1983.
The Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) was a part of the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) between 1995 and 2 July 2001.
At the split, QinetiQ was formed from the majority (about 3/4 of the staff and most of the facilities) of DERA, with Dstl assuming responsibility for those aspects which were best done in government.
QinetiQ has increased its focus on overseas research with a number of US and other foreign acquisitions, whereas Dstl has a major rationalisation programme.
Spectrum News North Carolina is an American cable news television channel that is owned by Charter Communications, as an affiliate of its Spectrum News slate of regional news channels.
Additional bureaus are located on Morehead Street in downtown Charlotte; at the Centreport office park in Greensboro; on Scientific Park Drive in Wilmington; and in the Croatan National Forest in Newport.
Spectrum News North Carolina maintains four separate feeds for the Charlotte, Research Triangle (Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill), Piedmont Triad (Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point) and Wilmington areas; each of the feeds primarily carry local news content for their respective region, however some locally produced programs of statewide interest are shared among SN North Carolina's feeds.
Prior to the launch of the channel, then-CBS affiliate WRAL-TV (channel 5; currently an NBC affiliate) of Raleigh, launched the WRAL NewsChannel, a local news channel that was launched in July 2001 on Time Warner Cable's digital tier (the channel was also transmitted at the time over WRAL's second digital subchannel, now affiliated by Cozi TV).
Time Warner Cable planned to debut its own North Carolina-focused 24-hour local news channel simultaneously in Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville and Goldsboro in December 2001, which would have given the channel an estimated reach of 425,000 subscribers.
After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Alan Mason, the channel's general manager, said the debut would be delayed until February or March 2002.
The reason for the change in launch date was because the channel's employees needed training that would have taken place at the new studio facility of sister network NY1 in New York City, however NY1 was concentrating on providing coverage of the attacks and had not yet moved into its new studios.
After nine months of preparation, the Charlotte feed of the channel began broadcasting on June 14, under the direction of news director Jim Newman.
Jack Stanley, president of Time Warner's Greensboro division, said that if the Charlotte and Raleigh operations performed well, a Greensboro feed of the channel was likely to launch.
This was even though ABC affiliate WXLV-TV (channel 45) had recently shut down its news operation, due to low ratings for its newscasts after it failed to compete with the three established stations in that market (WFMY-TV (channel 2), WGHP (channel 8) and WXII-TV (channel 12)).
On February 26, 2004, members of TheWolfWeb exploited the fact that the channel's system for reporting school, business or church closures during inclement weather were aired without review.
The incident garnered attention from online, print, and broadcast media across the United States, eventually forcing many television stations, including News 14 to establish or increase closing/delay verification and vetting systems to prevent a repeat of the incident.
In August 2004, Belo Corporation (then-owners of Charlotte NBC affiliate WCNC-TV (channel 36)) ended its newsgathering partnership with News 14; this forced Time Warner Cable to cut costs by moving administrative, production and master control jobs from the Charlotte feed to Raleigh, and closing the Salisbury and Gastonia bureaus, resulting in the loss of about 50 jobs.
News 14's Bobcats broadcasts were simulcast on Tri-County 14, the local origination channel of Comporium Communications, the main cable provider for the South Carolina side of the Charlotte market; News 14 lost the Bobcats television rights in 2008.
On September 25, 2006, the channel launched a feed for the Piedmont Triad region; this was later followed by the launch of a Wilmington area feed on August 18, 2008.
On February 2, 2011, Time Warner Cable and the Sinclair Broadcast Group reached a new carriage contract to resume carriage of WXLV and sister station WMYV (channel 48), resolving a retransmission consent dispute between the two parties.
The contract also included a clause to enter into a news share agreement in which News 14 Carolina would begin producing newscasts for WXLV (which had not aired local newscasts since 2004, when it briefly revived its news department as part of Sinclair's News Central local/national hybrid operation).
The morning and evening newscasts are produced out of the channel's Greensboro bureau; the launch of the programs also required expansions to News 14's staff.
On December 16, 2013, the channel rebranded as Time Warner Cable News North Carolina as part of a branding standardization across the provider's news channels that included the introduction of a new graphics and music package.
On May 18, 2016 Time Warner Cable was purchased by Charter Communications; the channel was re-branded Spectrum News North Carolina in March 2017.
In May 2017, the channel was added to Charter systems in Lillington (on channel 11) and in Carolina Beach and Topsail/Surf City (on channel 5).
However, there are still some Charter systems in the state without access to Spectrum News, most notably in the Asheville area.
An unusual trait of this species is the double-jointed knees it possesses, which enable it to reach into otherwise inaccessible holes and cracks for prey.
Its ability to climb, using wings as well as feet, and its long double-jointed legs, enable this bird to raid the nests of cavity-nesters such as barbets and woodhoopoes for eggs and nestlings.
During 9/11 and the 2005 hurricane rescue and clean-up operations, Mobitex proved itself to be a very reliable and useful system for first responders.
The modulation scheme used is GMSK with a slotted aloha protocol at , although user throughput is typically around half of that.
Subscriber services included electronic messaging with Cc capabilities to multiple recipients, combined with the ability to log on to any wireless or fixed terminal and receive stored mailbox messages.
Mobitex networks in North America were marketed under several names, including RAM Mobile Data, BellSouth Wireless Data, Cingular Interactive, Cingular Wireless and Velocita Wireless, and Rogers Wireless in Canada.
Mobitex in the UK was marketed by RAM Mobile Data, the UK part of which became Transcomm and was then purchased by BT (British Telecom) in 2004.
Nearly all breakdowns passed to UK breakdown service agents were sent using Turbo Dispatch, a Mobitex-based gateway software developed in the early nineties by Ian Lane and Andy Lambert.
Despite the competitive nature of the vehicle recovery market in the UK, motoring organisations were persuaded to co-operate and make a standard of the format.
The Turbo Dispatch Standards Group (the official keepers of the standard) estimated that at least twenty million breakdowns and recoveries were transmitted over Turbo Dispatch each year.
Some photo manipulations are considered skilful artwork while others are frowned upon as unethical practices, especially when used to deceive the public.
Other examples include being used for political propaganda, or to make a product or person look better, or simply for entertainment purposes or harmless pranks.
Depending on the application and intent, some photo manipulations are considered an art form because it involves the creation of unique images and in some instances, signature expressions of art by photographic artists.
For example, Ansel Adams employed some of the more common manipulations using darkroom exposure techniques, burning (darkening) and dodging (lightening) a photograph.
Other examples of photo manipulation include retouching photographs using ink or paint, airbrushing, double exposure, piecing photos or negatives together in the darkroom, scratching instant films, or through the use of software-based manipulation tools applied to digital images.
There are a number of software applications available for digital image manipulation, ranging from professional applications to very basic imaging software for casual users.
The practice began not long after the creation of the first photograph (1825) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce who developed heliography and made the first photographic print from a photoengraved printing plate.
Traditional photographic prints can be altered using various methods and techniques that involve manipulation directly to the print, such as retouching with ink, paint, airbrushing, or scratching Polaroids during developing.
Negatives can be manipulated while still in the camera using double-exposure techniques, or in the darkroom by piecing photos or negatives together.
Some darkroom manipulations involved techniques such as bleaching to artfully lighten or totally wash-out parts of the photograph, or hand coloring for aesthetic purposes or to mimic a fine art painting.
While the equipment and technology progressed over time, it was not until the late 20th century that photography evolved into the digital realm.
At the onset, digital photography was considered by some to be a radical new approach and was initially rejected by photographers because of its substandard quality.
The transition from film to digital has been an ongoing process although great strides were made in the early 21st century as a result of innovation that has greatly improved digital image quality while reducing the bulk and weight of cameras and equipment.
An early example of tampering was in the early 1860s, when a photo was altered using the body from a portrait of John C. Calhoun and the head of Lincoln from a famous seated portrait by Mathew Brady – the same portrait which was the basis for the original Lincoln five-dollar bill.
Close observation of the photograph raises questions and brings to light certain details in the photograph that simply do not add up.
For example, Grant's head is set at a strange angle to his body, his uniform is of a different time period, and his favorite horse Cincinnati did not have a left hind sock like the horse in the photograph, although his other horse Egypt did have a sock but on a different foot.
With further research, three different photographs were discovered that explained the composite using Grant's head from one photograph, the body of Major General Alexander McDowell McCook atop his horse from another photograph, and for the background, and 1864 photograph of Confederate prisoners captured at the Battle of Fisher's Hill.
In the 20th century, digital retouching became available with Quantel computers running Paintbox in professional environments, which, alongside other contemporary packages, were effectively replaced in the market by Adobe Photoshop and other editing software for graphic imaging.
Often even subtle and discreet changes can have a profound impact on how we interpret or judge a photograph, making it all the more important to know when or if manipulation has occurred.
During a panel on the topic of ethics in image manipulation Aude Oliva theorized that categorical shifts are necessary in order for an edited image to be viewed as a manipulation.
Images may be manipulated for fun, aesthetic reasons, or to improve the appearance of a subject but not all image manipulation is innocuous as evidenced by the Kerry Fonda 2004 election photo controversy.
The image in question was a fraudulent composite image of John Kerry taken on June 13, 1971 and Jane Fonda taken in August, 1972 sharing the same platform at a 1971 antiwar rally; the latter of which carried a fake Associated Press credit with the intent to change the public's perspective of reality.
Infringements of the Code are taken very seriously, especially regarding digital alteration of published photographs, as evidenced by a case in which Pulitzer prize-nominated photographer Allan Detrich resigned his post following the revelation that a number of his photographs had been manipulated.
In 2010, a Ukrainian photographer Stepan Rudik, winner of the 3rd prize story in Sports Features, has been disqualified due to violation of the rules of the World Press Photo contest.
As of 2015, up to 20% of World Press Photo entries that made it to the penultimate round of the contest were disqualified after they were found to have been manipulated or post-processed with rules violations.
The photo manipulation industry has often been accused of promoting or inciting a distorted and unrealistic image of self; most specifically in younger people.
The world of glamour photography is one specific industry which has been heavily involved with the use of photo manipulation (what many consider to be a concerning element as many people look up to celebrities in search of embodying the 'ideal figure').
Manipulation of a photo to alter a model's appearance can be used to change features such as skin complexion, hair color, body shape, and other features.
Make up and piercings can even be edited into pictures to look as though the model was wearing them when the photo was taken.
In an article entitled, Confessions of a Retoucher: how the modeling industry is harming women, a professional retoucher who has worked for mega-fashion brands shares the industry's secrets.
Along with fixing imperfections like skin wrinkles and smoothing features, the size of the model is manipulated by either adding or subtracting visible weight.
It is almost worse than making someone slimmer because the image claims you can be at an unhealthy weight but still look healthy.
Reverse retouching includes eliminating shadows from protruding bones, adding flesh over body parts, color correcting, and removing hair generated for warmth from extreme weight loss.
As the fashion industry continues to use photos that have been manipulated to idealize body types, there is a need for education about how unreal and unhealthy these images are and the negative implications they are promoting.
Not only are photos being manipulated by professionals for the media, but also with the rise of social media everyone has easy access to edit photos they post online.
With social media users and the younger generation being exposed to an extreme amount of imagery that has been manipulated the consequences have a negative impact as body ideals are unachievable.
Social media has the opportunity to be used as a platform for promoting healthy body image and unedited photos; the need for approval over social media has to be altered in the near future.
Pitt did so in an effort to speak out against media using photoshop and manipulating celebrities’ photos in an attempt to hide their flaws.
In the videos, the artist is shown singing as she is extensively retouched in real-time, ending with a side-by-side comparison of her natural and manipulated images as the song fades out.
Dove created the Dove Self-Esteem Fund and also the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty as a way to try to help build confidence in young women.
Dr. McAneny made a statement that altering models to such extremes creates unrealistic expectations in children and teenagers regarding body image.
He also said that we should stop altering the models so they are not exposed to body types that can be attained only through the use of editing the photos.
The American Medical Associations as a whole adopted a policy to work with advertisers to work on setting up guidelines for advertisements to try to limit how much photoshop is used.
In the United Kingdom the Advertising Standards Authority has banned an advertisement by Lancôme featuring Julia Roberts for being misleading, stating that the flawless skin seen in the photo was too good to be true.
The US is also moving in the direction of banning excessive photo manipulation where a CoverGirl model's ad was banned because it had exaggerated effects, leading to a misleading representation of the product.
Also, some who support photo manipulation in the media state that the altered photographs are not the issue, but that it is the expectations that viewers have that they fail to meet, such as wanting to have the same body as a celebrity on the cover of their favorite magazine.
One survey was done by a fashion store in the United Kingdom, New Look, and it showed that 90% of the individuals surveyed would prefer seeing a wider variety of body shapes in media.
This would involve them wanting to see cover models that are not all thin, but some with more curves than others.
One statistic stated that 15% of the readers believed that the cover images are accurate depictions of the model in reality.
Also, they found that 33% of women who were surveyed are aiming for a body that is impossible for them to attain.
In doing this, they found that 80% of the women surveyed felt insecure when seeing photos of celebrities in the media.
Of the women surveyed who had lower self-esteem, 71% of them do not believe that their appearance is pretty or stylish enough in comparison to cover models.
The growing popularity of image manipulation has raised concern as to whether it allows for unrealistic images to be portrayed to the public.
A practice widely used in the magazine industry, the use of photo manipulation on an already subjective photograph, creates a constructed reality for the individual and it can become difficult to differentiate fact from fiction.
With the potential to alter body image, debate continues as to whether manipulated images, particularly those in magazines, contribute to self-esteem issues in both men and women.
In today's world, photo manipulation has a positive impact by developing the creativity of one's mind or maybe a negative one by removing the art and beauty of capturing something so magnificent and natural or the way it should be.
A digital fake refers to a digital video, photo, or audio file that has been altered or manipulated by digital application software.
Deepfake videos fall within the category of a digital fake media, but video may be digitally altered without being considered a deepfake.
The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA).
In 2017, the airport saw a total of 1.46 million passengers pass through, which was an increase of 0.6% over the previous year.
From 1977 to 1984 Boeing 747 charter flights were operated by Wardair to Europe until Wardair was bought by Canadian Airlines International.
In 1999 the airport was turned over to the Saskatoon Airport Authority (now known as Skyxe), as part of the National Airports Policy.
In 2000, Nav Canada constructed a new control tower and the airport authority began renovations and expansions to the terminal building.
In October 2002 the first two phases of renovations to the air terminal building was completed at a cost of $18 million.
In 2005 additional renovations were completed to the check-in area and baggage screening as well as the addition of a fifth bridge.
In March 2008 work started on the rehabilitation of runway 09/27, taxiway Foxtrot and Alpha at a cost of $16 million.
In March 2015, Missinippi Airways began thrice-weekly service to Saskatoon direct to Flin Flon, Manitoba with a one-stop connection to The Pas, Manitoba.
In June, 2016, New Leaf Airlines announced they would begin flying to Kelowna and Hamilton direct from Saskatoon twice weekly beginning July 27, 2016.
The new design moved security for more room for retail, but also planned to double the size of the security area.
The designers also left space that was meant for an American Pre-Customs and Immigration area, so in the future YXE can be upgraded to have U.S. Pre-Clearance area.
In 2010 construction started on apron improvements, remote stands and preparatory work to start on reconstruction of the terminal building in 2011.
The expansion was designed to accommodate eight bridges, expanded passenger waiting areas, a business/first class lounge and expanded baggage claim area.
In February 2016, Skyxe issued request for proposals for Air Terminal Building Groundside Departures Hall Expansion, West Aero Park Development, and Saskatoon International Airport rebranding.
In February 2015, St. John's Ambulance introduced therapy dogs to the airport, providing a service in putting nervous passengers at ease.
23 former Air Canada Jazz and Canadian Regional Airlines Fokker F28 aircraft have been stored at the airport since they were retired from the fleet in 2003.
Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker International Airport Fire Department operates two crash tenders (Oshkosh Striker 3000) in renovated (2008) fire station to provide fire and rescue services at the airport.
Garda Security is contracted by the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority to provide security screening for passengers, non-passengers, and baggage screening.
Married to the director Herbert Biberman, Sondergaard supported him when he was accused of communism and named as one of the Hollywood Ten in the early 1950s.
She moved with Biberman to New York City and worked in theatre, and acted in film and television occasionally from the late 1960s.
She was born Edith Holm Sondergaard on February 15, 1899 in Litchfield, Minnesota to Danish-American parents, Hans and Christin (Holm) Sondergaard.
After the decision was made to have an ugly wicked witch, Sondergaard, reluctant to wear the disfiguring makeup and fearing it could damage her career, withdrew from the role, and it went to veteran character actress Margaret Hamilton.
Sondergaard's career suffered irreparable damage during the United States Congressional HUAC Red Scare of the early 1950s when her husband was accused of being a communist and named as one of the Hollywood Ten.
On May 15, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, she married Herbert Biberman, a theater director then associated with the Theatre Guild Acting Company; he became a film director and died in 1971.
Following several strokes, she died from cerebral vascular thrombosis in the Motion Picture and Television Hospital in Woodland Hills, California, in 1985, aged 86.
The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern Front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history.
To defend it, the Soviets had built strong defensive lines on the slopes of the hill, composed of trenches, barbed-wire and minefields.
When they finally captured the hill, they started firing on the city centre, as well as on the city's main railway station under the hill.
On the same day, the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division commanded by Alexander Rodimtsev arrived in the city from the east side of the river Volga under heavy German artillery fire.
The Soviets held their own positions on the slopes of the hill, as the 284th Rifle Division defended the key stronghold.
When the battle ended, the soil on the hill had been so thoroughly churned by shellfire and mixed with metal fragments that it contained between 500 and 1,250 splinters of metal per square meter.
The earth on the hill had remained black in the winter, as the snow kept melting in the many fires and explosions.
Vasily Chuikov, who led Soviet forces at Stalingrad, lies buried at Mamayev Kurgan, the first Marshal of the Soviet Union to be buried outside Moscow.
The monumental memorial was constructed between 1959 and 1967, and is crowned by a huge allegorical statue of the Motherland on the top of the hill.
It consists of a concrete sculpture, 52 metres tall, and 85 metres from the feet to the tip of the 27-metre sword, dominating the skyline of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd).
The construction uses concrete, except for the stainless-steel blade of the sword, and is held on its plinth solely by its own weight.
The statue is evocative of classical Greek representations of Nike, in particular the flowing drapery, similar to that of the Nike of Samothrace.
Olecko (former since 1560, colloquially also , since 1928, ) is a town in northeastern Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, located in Masuria near Ełk and Suwałki.
The town's coat of arms still reflects the Brandenburg red eagle and the Hohenzollern black and white which go back to Duke Albert.
In year 1832, the county of Olecko (including the town) had 27652 inhabitants, including (by mother tongue): 23302 (~84%) Polish, 4328 (~16%) German and 22 Lithuanian.
After Poland regained its independence (1918), in 1920 a plebiscite was to be held in the area by the League of Nations according to the Treaty of Versailles, to determine the future of the region and the town.
Another factor contributing to Poland's loss was the ongoing Polish–Soviet War which threatened the existence of the newly formed Polish state itself.
After World War II the town again became part of Poland, under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference.
The Train Station in the western part of town is a regional railway junction: there were main lines to Gołdap, Ełk and Suwałki.
The British Rail Class 07 diesel locomotive is an off-centre cab 0-6-0 diesel-electric shunter class built by Ruston & Hornsby in 1962 for the Southern Region of British Railways.
A later trial move of one Class 07 to Selhurst depot for tyre profiling also resulted in overheating axlebox problems and all subsequent moves of any distance, particularly those to British Rail Engineering Limited workshops, were made by road.
This is in contrast to other shunter classes that would commonly have had their side-rods removed and traction motors isolated and would then form part of a train heading in the appropriate direction.
For operation at Southampton Docks, the class was based in the former steam shed in the Old Docks near the River Itchen, work being carried out there by a fitter sent from Eastleigh.
The members of the class that had TOPS numbering applied were also equipped with high-level air brake pipes, allowing them to move Southern Region Electric Multiple Units, and three locomotives were used at Bournemouth EMU depot for a period.
They were relatively fast for shunters and it was envisaged that they would be used to trip local traffic to/from Southampton docks.
In practice they were seldom used for this because of the hot axlebox problem, which also affected the possibility of the class working away from either Southampton Docks or Eastleigh Works.
Numbers 2988, 2992 and 2998 were withdrawn from BR service without bearing TOPS numbers, and were cut up at Eastleigh Works; 2988 in 1973, 2992 and 2998 in 1976.
2991, which was allocated the number 07007, was also withdrawn from capital stock before bearing its TOPS number, but remained in use at Eastleigh Works.
Of the locos to bear TOPS numbers, 07003 and 07009 were withdrawn in 1976, and sold to P Wood of Queenborough, Kent; 07009 was exported to Italy, and 07003 was sold to British Industrial Sand at Oakamoor, Staffordshire, being subsequently scrapped in 1985.
07010 was sold directly into preservation, and the remaining locos were sold for industrial use during 1976 and 1977: 07001 to Staveley Limeworks, Buxton; 07002/6/12 to Powell Duffryn, Kidwelly (where 07002 and 07006 were scrapped in the 1980s); 07013 to Dow Chemical Company, King's Lynn.
Air train braking was added later, in some cases with high-level air brake pipes for use with Southern Region electric multiple units.
Originally the class had radio communication sets fitted for use at Southampton Docks, the aerial located on the top right hand corner of the engine bonnet.
The builders classified these locomotives as LSSE and although other locomotives were built for industrial use to this (and the similarly styled LSSH diesel-hydraulic) specification, none had the same engine output, train brakes or other 'mainline' features.
Class 07 is being made as a kit and a ready-to-run model in OO gauge by announced by Heljan in 2015/7.
The office of Deputy Prime Minister was officially created as a ministerial portfolio in 1968, although the title had been used informally for many years previously.
When Australia has a Coalition Government (as it does now), the Coalition Agreement mandates that all Coalition members support the leader of the Liberal Party becoming Prime Minister and mandates that the leader of the National Party be selected as Deputy Prime Minister.
The present office-holder, Michael McCormack, was elected Leader of the National Party on Monday 26 February 2018 at a meeting at which the resignations of his predecessor, Barnaby Joyce, became effective.
The 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis resulted in the position being made vacant for the first time since its official creation.
Barnaby Joyce, the then-incumbent, was ruled ineligible to be a member of parliament by the High Court of Australia sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns on 27 October 2017, as he held New Zealand citizenship at the time of his election in contravention of Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia.
Joyce regained the position on 6 December 2017 after he won the by-election for the seat of New England several days earlier.
Originally the position of deputy Prime Minister was an unofficial or honorary position accorded to the second-highest ranking minister in the government.
The unofficial position acquired more significance following the 1922 federal election, which saw the governing Nationalist Party lose its parliamentary majority.
The Nationalists eventually reached a coalition agreement with the Country Party, which called for Country Party leader Earle Page to take the second rank in the Nationalist-led ministry of Stanley Bruce.
From then until 1968, the Coalition agreement between the Liberals (and their predecessors) and Country Party called for the leader of the Country Party (subsequently the National Party) to rank second in Cabinet.
In the case of Labor governments, the party's deputy leader ranked second in Cabinet, which continues to be the case today.
On 19 December 1967, John McEwen, the long-serving leader of the Country Party in the Coalition government, was sworn in as interim Prime Minister following the sudden death in office of Prime Minister Harold Holt.
McMahon had planned a party room meeting on 20 December to elect a new leader, intending to stand for the position himself.
McEwen was sworn in as Prime Minister on the understanding that his commission would continue only so long as it took for the Liberals to elect a new leader.
Governor-General Lord Casey also accepted the view put to him by McEwen that to commission a Liberal temporarily as Prime Minister would give that person an unfair advantage in the forthcoming party room ballot for the permanent leader.
McEwen's appointment was in keeping with the previous occasion when the main non-Labor party was without a leader; Earle Page of the Country Party was interim Prime Minister between 7 and 26 April 1939—the period between Joseph Lyons' sudden death and the United Australia Party naming Robert Menzies his successor.
As it turned out, McMahon did not stand, and Senator John Gorton was elected, replacing McEwen as Prime Minister on 10 January 1968.
He had unofficially been Deputy Prime Minister since becoming Country Party leader in 1958, and since 1966 had exercised an effective veto over government policy by virtue of being the longest-serving member of the government; he had been a member of the Coalition frontbench without interruption since 1937.
To acknowledge McEwen's long service and his status as the second-ranking member of the government, Gorton formally created the post of Deputy Prime Minister, with McEwen as the first holder of the post.
In both cases, they succeeded incumbent Prime Ministers who lost the support of their party caucus mid-term and their election as party leader preceded their predecessor's resignations and their subsequent appointments as Prime Minister.
Frank Forde, who had been deputy Labor leader when John Curtin died, was interim Prime Minister between 6 and 13 July 1945, when a leadership ballot took place that elected Ben Chifley as Curtin's successor.
In November 2007, when the Australian Labor Party won government, Julia Gillard became Australia's first female, and first foreign-born, Deputy Prime Minister.
In 2017, the position became vacant for a period of 40 days, the only time in its history when it has been unoccupied.
Joyce told the House of Representatives that he was advised of his citizenship status on 10 August 2017 by the New Zealand High Commission and his renunciation of his dual citizenship became effective on 15 August 2017.
Nevertheless, he asked for his case to be referred to the High Court of Australia (sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns) for adjudication, and they ruled that his election was invalid under section 44 of the Constitution of Australia.
The government immediately issued writs for a by-election for the seat of New England to be held on 2 December 2017, which Joyce won easily.
The duties of the Deputy Prime Minister are to act on behalf of the Prime Minister in his or her absence overseas or on leave.
The Deputy Prime Minister has always been a member of the Cabinet, and has always held at least one substantive portfolio.
(It would be technically possible for a minister to hold only the portfolio of Deputy Prime Minister, but this has never happened).
If the Prime Minister were to die, become incapacitated or resign, the Governor-General would normally appoint the Deputy Prime Minister as Prime Minister on an interim basis until the governing party elects a new leader, but is not obligated to do so.
Government ministers receive an additional amount, which is determined by the government itself based on the recommendations of the Remuneration Tribunal.
The office of Deputy Prime Minister was created in January 1968 but prior to that time the term was used unofficially for the second-highest ranking minister in the government.
In January 1968, the British announced the imminent withdrawal of all their troops east of Suez by the end of 1971.
Prior to then, Singapore had depended completely on Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) for its air defence, while the newly established Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) had concentrated its efforts mainly on building up the Singapore Army.
The SADC also enlisted the help of the Royal Air Force which introduced the first flying training syllabus and provided two ex-RAF pilots as instructors, as well as facilities and services at Seletar Airport.
Finally, the first batch of six pilot trainees were sent to the United Kingdom in August 1968 to undergo training in various technical disciplines.
The following month, another pioneer group of technicians, this time from the rotary wing, were sent to France to begin their technical training on the Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopter.
technicians (local other ranks) had experience working on fixed-wing RAF aircraft such as the Hawker Hunter, Gloster Javelin, English Electric Canberra, English Electric Lightning and Avro Shackleton; as well as rotary-wing RAF aircraft such as the Bristol Belvedere, Westland Wessex and Westland Whirlwind.
On 1 August 1969, Minister for the Interior and Defence, Lim Kim San, inaugurated the Flying Training School (FTS) at Tengah Air Base (then known as RAF Tengah).
The subsequent arrival of the BAC Strikemasters in 1969, used for advanced phase flying training, meant that pilot trainees were now able to earn their initial wings locally rather than overseas.
Amongst this batch was 2LT Goh Yong Siang, who later rose to the appointment of Chief of Air Force on 1 July 1995.
When Britain brought forward its plan to withdraw its forces by September 1971, the SADC was suddenly entrusted with a huge responsibility and resources.
Britain's former air bases – Tengah, Seletar, Sembawang and Changi – were handed over to the SADC, as well as its air defence radar station and Bloodhound II surface-to-air missiles.
With a reliable mix of fighters, fighter-bombers, helicopters and transport aircraft, the SADC was ready to assume the functions of a full-fledged air force.
The RSAF celebrated its Golden Jubilee with an extended flypast during the national day parade on 9 August and also performed 2 sessions of aerial display at the Marina Barrage on 11 and 12 August.
The Air Staff comprises six functional departments: Air Manpower, Air Intelligence, Air Operations, Air Engineering and Logistics, Air Plans and Air Training.
There are also two specialist departments: the Air Force Inspectorate (AFI) and the Office of the Chief Air Force Medical Officer (CAMO).
On 5 January 2007, Defence minister Teo Chee Hean announced that the Air Force organisation chart will be re-structured into five major commands, namely the Air Defence and Operations Command (ADOC), the Air Combat Command (ACC), the Participation Command (PC), the Air Power Generation Command (APGC) and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Command (UC).
ADOC is also responsible for the development and operational readiness of the command and control and ground-based air defence units of the RSAF.
The ACC will bring together fighter and transport squadrons under one command, with central planning, control and execution of the air battle in operations.
The APGC will enhance the missions of the ACC by ensuring that all air bases remain operational at all times, as well as improving the servicing and turn-around of aircraft to ensure continuous and responsive operations.
It brings together all fighter and transport squadrons that will carry out these tasks under a single command which will be responsible for training the pilots and aircrew to think and operate in a fully integrated way.
With the APGC, higher operational efficiency within each RSAF Air Base, and secondly, greater integration across the four bases are achieved.
These four squadrons are: Airfield Maintenance Squadron (AMS), Ground Logistics Squadron (GLS), Field Defence Squadron (FDS) and Flying Support Squadron (FSS).
The Air Force Training Command (AFTC) is an amalgamation of the former Air Force School, Flying Training School and UAV Training school which facilitates training of future pilots and ground crew of the RSAF.
These are armed with US-supplied AIM-120C AMRAAM missiles and LANTIRN targeting pods, laser guided munitions and conformal fuel tanks for long-range strike.
While Singapore initially bought as many as 70 F-16 planes, on 18 November 2004, it was announced that the RSAF would offer its remaining 7 F-16A/Bs to the Royal Thai Air Force.
In return, the RSAF was permitted to train at the Udon Royal Thai Air Force Base in north-east Thailand for a specified number of days each year.
Due to severe airspace constraints within Singapore, the RSAF operates its aircraft at several overseas locations to provide greater exposure to its pilots.
With the F-16C/D Fighting Falcons, KC-135R Stratotankers, AH-64D Apaches and CH-47SD Chinook helicopters based in the United States, the Marchetti S-211s, PC-21s, and Super Puma helicopters in Australia, and the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master in France, almost one third of the force's inventory is based outside Singapore.
The upgrade was performed by Singapore Technologies Aerospace (STAero) and the upgraded aircraft were designated (R)F-5S and F-5T respectively, operating from Paya Lebar Air Base.
These upgraded F-5S/T, equipped with the Galileo Avionica's FIAR Grifo-F X-band Radar are thought to be capable of firing the AIM-120 AMRAAM missile but to date, no actual live-firing has actually been reported.
The duty of Maritime Patrol and Coastal surveillance is performed by the eight Fokker 50 MPA (entered service in 1991) of 121 Squadron, which can be armed with long-range anti-shipping AGM-84 Harpoon missiles and ASW torpedoes.
As part of its fleet renewal process, the RSAF officially withdrew its fleet of ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk from front-line service on 31 March 2005 after 31 years of operations.
The A-4SUs' achievements included flying directly from Singapore to the Philippines, incorporating the RSAF's first air-to-air refuelling mission in 1986, as well as the excellent aerobatic display of the 'red and white' Super Skyhawks flown by the RSAF Black Knights during Asian Aerospace 1990.
A month before its retirement, the Skyhawk squadron won top honours in a strike exercise against its more modern F-16 and F-5 counterparts.
After a long period of negotiations over the delivery of the sophisticated Longbow Fire-control radar, the first batch of eight aircraft, fitted with the Fire Control Radar, was delivered on 17 May 2002.
Apart from the fifteen CH-47SDs delivered from 1996, a new batch of fifteen aircraft was ordered in 1997, with an option of four extra airframes.
Eight CH-47SDs were also deployed to support the relief efforts in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
In September 2005, the RSAF sent three CH-47SD Chinook helicopters, later augmented by a fourth CH-47SD Chinook, to provide assistance in the rescue and evacuation of stranded civilians after Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans and nearby areas in the United States.
Since 2003, the RSAF has also made deployments of KC-135 tankers and C-130 aircraft to the Persian Gulf in support of the multinational efforts for the reconstruction of Iraq.
RSAF personnel have carried out airlift, transportation and supply, and air-to-air refuelling missions in support of the multinational forces, assisting the Coalition in carrying supplies and personnel, transporting humanitarian material and conducting medical evacuation operations.
In September 2013, Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen stated in a parliamentary reply that Singapore would soon acquire the Aster 30 land-based missile system.
RSAF day is celebrated on 1 September annually, in 2018 a combined flypast including the new A330 MRTT with a special 50th anniversary livery took place at Tengah Air Base.
Military ranks in the Singapore Armed Forces are identical across the three services except for the flag ranks of the RSN.
The employment of National Servicemen in various roles are limited mostly to the infantry-like Field Defence Squadrons which do not require such specialised training.
The first deliveries of the F-35 Lightning II are not expected before 2015, but replacement for the bulk of the A-4SUs was needed by 2007.
The F-15SG is a variant of the F-15E Strike Eagle and is similar in configuration to the F-15K sold to South Korea, but differs in the addition of the APG-63(V)3 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar developed by Raytheon.
On 22 October 2007, Singapore's Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) exercised the option to purchase eight more F-15SG fighters as part of the original contract signed in 2005.
Along with this buy, an additional order for four F-15SGs was made, bringing the total number of F-15SGs purchased by the start of 2008 to 24.
In January 2005, it was announced that 6 Sikorsky S-70B (derivative of SH-60 Seahawk) naval helicopters will be purchased, complete with anti-surface and anti-submarine weapons and sensors.. 2 more Seahawks were ordered in 2013.
The Seahawks are operated by RSAF pilots, with System Specialists of the Republic of Singapore Navy operating the sensors and weaponry.
12 of these were deployed back to Singapore and took part in combined arms exercises with the Army, with the remaining 8 helicopters being part of the Peace Vanguard detachment based in the United States.
In April 2007, it was announced that the 4 E-2C Hawkeyes were to be replaced with 4 Gulfstream G550s fitted with the IAI EL/W-2085 radar which would become the primary airborne early warning aircraft for the RSAF.
Not included in the deal is an additional G550 as an AEW trainer, which will be acquired and maintained by ST Aerospace on behalf of RSAF.
In July 2010, the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master was selected by the RSAF to replace the A-4SU in the Advanced Jet Training (AJT) role, currently based at BA 120 Cazaux Air Base in France.
In a press release by the MINDEF on 28 September 2008, ST Aerospace had been awarded the contract to acquire twelve M-346 and a ground based training system on behalf of RSAF.
As stipulated in the contract, ST Aerospace will act as the main contractor to maintain the aircraft after delivery by Alenia Aermacchi while Boeing would supply the training system.
The backbone of the transport fleet are the four KC-130B, one KC-130H and five C-130H Hercules transport aircraft, which are expected to remain in service through 2030, will be undergoing an extensive modernisation process to bring all ten existing airframes to the same common standard.
ST Aerospace, the main contractor behind the project, is expected to upgrade the other nine airframes for the RSAF within the next seven years.
Included in the package is the replacement of cockpit flight management system with a modern glass cockpit avionics suite, central engine displays to replace analogue gauges, improved voice communications, digital autopilot, flight director as well as a digital weather radar, which will make the aircraft Global Air Traffic Management-compliant.
In December 2010, the RSAF issued a letter of request to inspect stored ex-US Navy P-3C Orion aircraft that have been retired from active duty.
Lockheed Martin believes the RSAF has a requirement of 4 to 5 of these aircraft, which would be modernised extensively before reintroduction into active service.
On 18 January 2019, MINDEF officially confirmed the procurement of F-35s for a full evaluation of their capabilities and suitability before deciding on a full fleet to replace the aging F-16 fleet.
On 1 March 2019, MINDEF announced that they will send a Letter of Request(LOR) to purchase 4 F-35s with an option of 8 more after the evaluation.
Previous aircraft operated by the Air Force consisted of the Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye, Hawker Hunter, BAC Strikemaster, Lockheed T-33, A-4 Skyhawk, A-4SU Super Skyhawk, Northrop F-5, Aérospatiale Alouette III, Bell 212, Bell UH-1H/B, the Aérospatiale AS350 helicopter, and the Boeing KC-135.
First formed in 1973 at Tengah Air Base, the Black Knights is RSAF's official aerobatic team and has been performing on an ad-hoc basis since its inception, with volunteer pilots drawn from various front line squadrons within the RSAF.
The RSAF maintains the Air Force Museum, which was first located at Changi Air Base before it was relocated to a purpose-built building currently situated at 400 Airport Road, Singapore 534234 adjacent to Paya Lebar Air Base.
The Republic of Singapore Air Force has loaned several aircraft, and aircraft parts to the tertiary institutions in Singapore, including Institute of Technical Education, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore Polytechnic, Nanyang Polytechnic and Nanyang Technological University since 2005.
The Rolls-Royce WR-21 is an advanced gas turbine marine engine, designed with a view to powering the latest naval surface combatants of the partner nations, and currently fitted to the Type 45 destroyer of the Royal Navy.
Developed with government funding input from the UK, France and the United States, the WR-21 was designed and manufactured by an international consortium led by Northrop Grumman as prime contractor.
The turbine itself was designed primarily by Rolls-Royce with significant marine engineering and test facility input from DCN, with Northrop Grumman responsible for the intercooler, the recuperator and system integration.
The original design and development of the WR-21 was carried out by Westinghouse Electric Corporation (later Northrop Grumman Marine Systems) under a U.S. Navy contract placed in December 1991.
The WR-21 is the first aeroderivative gas turbine to incorporate gas compressor intercooler and exhaust heat recovery system technologies that deliver low specific fuel consumption across the engine's operating range.
It is a candidate power plant for propulsion of cruise ships and other large commercial vessels, where fuel efficiency and its small size mean improved operational flexibility and significant lifetime cost reductions to operators.
In 2009 it was discovered that the Northrop Grumman intercooler as fitted in the WR-21, on Type 45 destroyers, had a major design flaw, failing to operate in water temperatures beyond 30°C.
The intercooler of the first Type 45 destroyer, , failed in the mid-Atlantic in 2010 and had to be repaired in Canada, with further repairs for intercooler failure in 2012 in Bahrain.
The WR-21 engines will have to be supplemented by one or two additional diesel generators, fitted by cutting open the hull in dry dock.
The Admiral still argued that despite the problems, the Royal Navy has been able to deploy Type 45 destroyers in nine-month cycles to the Gulf region where temperatures are high with little fault.
It is a member of the booted eagle subfamily, with signature feathers, absent in tropical raptors from outside this subfamily, covering the tarsus.
The taxonomy of the wide-ranging changeable hawk-eagle is complex and confusing, with few authorities agreeing on whether the species in fact houses a species complex.
Despite the large sample, even the most conspicuous dichotomy - that between the crested and crestless groups - was not as well resolved as it might have been expected to be.
Different lineages exist that are apparently not stable in space and time, are best described as polytomy, from which the similar island taxa derive.
In the continental population, genetic diversity is considerable, and the evolutionary pattern of the two studied genes did not agree, and neither did the origin of specimens show clear structures.
(2005) therefore suggest the island taxa which are obviously at higher risk of extinction are, for conservation considered evolutionary significant units regardless of their systematic status.
This case also demonstrates that a too-rigid interpretation of cladistics and the desire for monophyletic taxa, as well as universal application of single-species concept to all birds will undermine correct understanding of evolutionary relationships.
It would even not be inconceivable to find mainland lineages to group closely with the western island taxa, if little genetic drift had occurred in the initial population.
nonetheless, the divergence of this species' lineages seems to have taken place too recently to award them species status, as compared to the level of genetic divergence at which clades are usually considered distinct species.
If it is assumed that all or most of the ancient lineages still exist today, considerable recombination must have taken place as the two genes' phylogenies do not agree much, indicating a healthy level of gene flow.
As in most birds of prey, females are larger than males with an average overall size difference of 7% but this can individually range to an 18-22% difference, with island races apparently thought to be less dimorphic on average.
Size is quite variable and total length has been reported in the past to vary from and wingspan from , however these figures appear to include the much more massive hawk-eagles from Flores that are currently considered their own separate species by modern authorities.
Weights in this species have been reported from but the source of this is unclear and it probably underrepresents the size variation known to occur in the species.
The only precise body masses known for the species are derived from the Philippine population, where males were found to average while females averaged but they could weigh in excess of .
Adult changeable hawk-eagles are typically dark brown above and boldly streaked below with a strong bill, a variably sized, often floppy crest or no crest, rather short wings, a quite long, thinly-barred tail and long feathered legs.
The tail tends to be paler brown than the back with a thin whitish tip, a broad, blackish subterminal band (both the whitish tip and the subterminal band are also visible from tail underside) and 3 to 4 narrower, brown and often rather obscure bars.
On the pale morph hawk-eagle's underside, the base colour is white to buff overlaid with bold black to dark brown streaking; the streaking tends to be more subtle on abdomen but more obvious on the legs.
The intermediate morph is somewhat similar to pale morph adults but is heavily grey-brown below with little to no paler base colour showing and more obscure streaking, with the area from belly down to the crissum usually being unpatterned.
Meanwhile, the dark morph adult can range from all dark chocolate brown to almost pure black with variable browner edges, relieved only by the greyish inner half of tail as well as some greyish tail bars.
Most juvenile changeable hawk-eagles are dark brown above but with far more conspicuous white edges on mantle and wings than the adults, in some cases, the median coverts are largely white and greater and even lesser coverts are largely scaled with white.
The young hawk-eagle's head varies from buff with white-tipped black crest (as is the case in peninsular India and Sri Lanka) through entirely whitish, but almost always the young birds are spotted and streaked with black or dark brown about the rear crown and nape.
As is the head, the underparts are variable with juveniles in much of India and in Sri Lanka showing thin brown streaks on chest or small spots on breast, with obscure tawny barring on thigh, legs and crissum.
By the time the young hawk-eagles reaches their 2nd to 3rd year, they tend to show less white above and more brown or black below.
Changeable hawk-eagles may attempt to breed at 3 years of age but full adult plumage is not obtained until the 4th year.
Adult have a cere that's grey to pale greenish yellow and juveniles’ ceres are dull greyish, while all ages have yellow feet.
In flight, the changeable hawk-eagles is a large raptor with a prominent head, rather short rounded and broad wings, longish squarish or rounded tail, but has somewhat slenderer wings and straighter trailing edges than conspecific hawk-eagles.
The species tends to fly with a fast agile flight, showing powerful shallow beats interspersed with glides on flat or bowed wings with their carpals well forward (above level of bill) and primaries swept back.
In pale morph adults in flight, their hand in flight may be variously dark brownish buff (as in peninsular India) to a much paler buff or whitish.
On the flight feathers, the area from wingtips extending to the primary and secondary feathers often have blackish barring, forming ragged lines from the carpals to rear axillaries with variable other dark marks elsewhere.
Meanwhile, in both juvenile and adult dark morph, the blackish-brown colour of the body extends to the hand but the base of their tail, their primaries and, less so, their secondaries are a much paler, contrasting grey with streaking similar to other changeable hawk-eagles.
Juveniles from much of India and Sri Lanka show extensive darker tawny but obscure barring above and below, while other races are much whiter.
Much like adult, the juvenile has dark tips to primary and greater coverts produce thin ragged diagonal bars but the barring tends to be thinner.
The changeable hawk-eagle is often largely silent but in breeding season it may readily call, both from their perch or on the wing.
Other species tend to have proportionately broader wings with more bulging secondaries, relatively shorter tails and, as adults, more barred underbody and unique tail patterns.
Adult crested honey buzzards are barred but the juvenile is streaked rather like the changeable hawk-eagle, however if seen well the honey buzzard generally looks much more solidly orange-buffy as a base colour rather than whitish below.
Juvenile crested serpent eagles, which are unlikely to be mistaken for the changeable other than at a distance and in flight, appear chunkier and less rangy with a bigger head, slightly longer wings and a substantially shorter tailed with fewer bars (these differences in proportions are generally applicable to various island serpent-eagle species that may be found with changeable hawk-eagles as well).
The rufous-bellied juvenile when compared to the juvenile changeable is generally purer white looking below which contrasts more strongly with their sparse blackish streaks.
However, the latter is much longer winged with distinctly pinched-in bases, a uniformly dark tail and has small light feather bases only to primaries.
Dark morph booted eagles are also grey-brown or cinnamon from below on the tail and have pale wedges on the underside of the primaries.
Their distribution includes nations and areas such as Sri Lanka, Himalayan foothills (Garhwal to Assam), southern Nepal and Bhutan east through Myanmar, Burma, western Laos, southern Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and peninsular Malaysia.
Its island distribution includes the Andamans, Sumatra (including Simeulue and Mentawai off the west side and Riau, Bangka and Belitung off of the east), Java, Borneo and the western and southern Philippines (including Palawan, Calamians, Lubang, Mindoro, Mindanao and apparently recently Bohol).
Like most tropical raptors, the changeable hawk-eagle is largely residential, but stragglers from peninsular India have roamed to northeastern Burma and southeastern Thailand and some records in the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Palau and Lombok) may be from vagrants from Java.
Even compared to the variable prey of large goshawks, the prey selection of changeable hawk-eagles appears to be somewhat indiscriminate and opportunistic.
Unfortunately, compared to tropical raptors from the neotropics and especially Africa, the life histories of raptors from tropical Asia are generally quite poorly-known, even in the case of easily observed raptors such as changeable hawk-eagles.
Therefore, what is known of changeable hawk-eagles dietary biology is largely drawn together based on reliable eye-witness and anecdotal accounts, photographic evidence and wide-ranging bird census surveys, rather than direct, extensive study.
The changeable hawk-eagle can show a slight preference for birds as prey, but also freely takes various mammals, reptiles and some other vertebrates whenever they opportune upon them.
Like many tropical forest raptors, they are primarily ambush predators who use concealing foliage to still-hunt from hidden branch or open branch with a leafy background, pouncing fast to take most of their prey on the ground.
Like goshawks, changeable hawk-eagles often perch-hunts which are short, low-level flights from perch to perch interspersed with brief pauses, during which they scan for potential prey.
At least a few cases have been observed of changeable hawk-eagles watching for and then dropping on prey directly from their own nest.
One of the only general analysis of the quantitative food preferences of the changeable hawk-eagle (although detailed prey analysis, including prey species, was not specified), was a study of this species in contrast with five other raptor species in the Maharashtra state of India.
This showed that they had a preference for birds as prey, with nearly equal number of birds classified as small or large making up nearly half of their diet in 14 active territories.
Elsewhere in India, prey selection at the nest showed what prey species were selected by changeable hawk-eagles but lacked any quantitative data or studies on prey biomass.
The identified prey would vary in size only from for a garden lizard to for a myna with the small lizards and chameleons reportedly the most often delivered prey.
Alongside various junglefowl and the domestic chicken derived from them, virtually any gamebird seem to be nearly ideal prey for changeable hawk-eagles and several species, including peafowl, bush quail, spurfowl and francolins, are known to be hunted, including both young and adults.
Many other birds with partial terrestrial habits seem to be taken quite widely including various pigeons and doves, rails and other water birds.
The upper size limit for changeable hawk-eagle prey seems to be fairly liquid and the species is quite the equal of various other booted eagles in making bold attacks on prey of their own size or larger.
Even more impressive accounts and photos show that changeable hawk-eagle can hunt and kill adult mammals with formidable defenses such as felids and primates, although it cannot be ruled out that they will usually attack infirm or injured specimens rather than healthy ones.
Furthermore, most accounts of attacks on Old World monkeys show juveniles are by far the most vulnerable members of their troops to hawk-eagle attacks.
While their predator-prey relationship is even more nebulous, the peculiar, smaller but toxic nocturnal primates known as slow lorises are known to fall prey as well to changeable hawk-eagles.
The habitat selection and overall distribution of the changeable hawk-eagle is largely concurrent with other largish raptors such as the crested serpent eagle and the crested honey buzzard, apparently the three species are largely tolerant and non-aggressive towards each other, perhaps surprisingly given the otherwise aggressive habits of hawk-eagles.
No verified accounts of predation are known in the wild and the species often likely fulfills the role of an apex predator.
They are presumably able to persist alongside larger cousins such as mountain hawk-eagles and with Legge's hawk-eagle by focusing more so on reptiles and birds rather than the mammalian prey likely preferred by the larger species (as well as perhaps focusing primarily on a smaller class of prey), although it is somewhat more adaptable in habitat than both other species.
The changeable hawk-eagle is, like many raptorial birds, a largely solitary bird otherwise but during breeding, stays in a dedicated pairs that often mate for life.
This aerial display is usually engaged in by a male but sometimes the female or both members of the pair will engage in displays, often starting with their wings and tail arched upwards in exaggerated poises.
The breeding season of changeable hawk-eagles falls from November to May in southern India, peaking January–March, while it is more confined to January–April in the more temperate climate of the Himalayan foothills.
The breeding season from India is comparable in Sri Lanka but is slightly more prolonged in the latter country, continuing at times into June.
In the equatorial Greater Sunda islands, eggs have been recorded in 8 different months at any time from December to October with peak activity falling usually between February and August.
Thus, the breeding season is more elastic in tropical forests areas but in northern part of range the breeding season centers around the cooler dry season.
Nest height is often from in the crown or high fork of a large tree, but is usually not less than off the ground.
Nest height in the Indian subcontinent was typically around , averaging in the Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary and in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and could be in a wide diversity of trees.
Nesting sites are often near a stream, or otherwise perhaps near a ravine with wide view but sometimes varies from deep forest to isolated trees on village edges.
Egg sizes were reportedly measured in the nominate subspecies (sample of 40) as ranging from in height with an average of by a diameter of with an average of .
The eaglet may be preening, standing more and wing flapping by 4 to 5 weeks old, and may also be encouraged to eat at by its mother, however consuming a single food item may take up to 6 hours at this point.
Within in a couple weeks, prey is delivered (often by both parents at this stage) to nearby branches rather than directly to the nest with the parents calling as they approach, apparently encouraging the young eaglet to venture out of the nest.
An average of only 1 pair to every of its distribution would put the population well into five figures but their density is likely rather higher.
This species is an exceptionally adaptable one not only by the standards of its genus but also by the standards of its subfamily.
This trend, holding steady in population or even increasing while other hawk-eagle species have declined, has been reported in the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia, Java and the Philippines as well as elsewhere in southeast Asia.
In Java, the changeable hawk-eagle was found to persist in all seven habitat types available on the islands, whereas the Javan hawk-eagle was confined to only four habitat types: the deeper, primary forested areas.
However, their adaptability can be overstated and this species requires tall trees (though secondary growth forest is acceptable), appropriate habitat composition and ample prey populations to flourish.
It is likely they can persist in most variety of high grade forestry and urbanization but complete deforestation is the only major threat to this species.
A more secondary concern, but potentially depleting populations in India at least, is that it will not infrequently hunt chickens (especially during breeding when such easy prey is hard to resist), which has in turn resulted in changeable hawk-eagles being locally persecuted.
Pisz received the name of the castle in 1645, when it became a city by the decree of Władysław IV Vasa.
In 1345 the Teutonic Order began constructing a castle nearby at the southernmost point of the Johannisburger Heide, or Piska Forest, in the Masurian Lake District.
The settlement nearby held a market as early as 1367, but it was not until 1645 that it received its town charter.
Its early growth owed much to the residents' skill in beekeeping, and it was located on trade routes leading to Gdańsk and to the Vistula and Narew Rivers.
Later on, the town was part of Brandenburg-Prussia, and, after that it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and Germany in 1871.
In 1698, King of Poland Augustus II the Strong and Elector of Brandenburg Frederick I held a meeting in the local castle.
Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński stopped in the town in 1709 and 1734 and in 1813 Tsar Alexander I of Russia stayed here.
As a result of the treaty of Versailles, the Warmia and Masuria plebiscite was organized under the control of the League of Nations, which resulted in 99.96% of votes to remain in East Prussia and 0.04% for Poland (14 total).
Little of pre-war Johannisburg survived the warfare aside from its Gothic town hall, but much of Pisz has been restored in recent decades.
In year 1825, the county of Pisz (including the town) had 30698 inhabitants, including (by mother tongue): 28552 (~93%) Polish and 2146 (~7%) German.
Due to natural resources comprising the reach forestry and shallow deposits of bog iron ore, the industrial traditions of Pisz are connected with wood processing (the sawmill) and metallurgy.
The town is surrounded by the largest forest complex of the Masuria region, known as Puszcza Piska (Piska Primeval Forest) with eleven nature reserves.
Following a number of violent incidents in early 1992, the war is commonly viewed as having started on 6 April 1992.
The main belligerents were the forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and those of the self-proclaimed Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Croat entities within Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Herzeg-Bosnia, which were led and supplied by Serbia and Croatia, respectively.
Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – which was inhabited by mainly Muslim Bosniaks (44 percent), as well as Orthodox Serbs (32.5 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992.
The conflict was initially between the Yugoslav Army units in Bosnia which later transformed into the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) on the one side, and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) which was largely composed of Bosniaks, and the Croat forces in the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) on the other side.
The Bosnian War was characterised by bitter fighting, indiscriminate shelling of cities and towns, ethnic cleansing and systematic mass rape, mainly perpetrated by Serb, and to a lesser extent, Croat and Bosniak forces.
The Serbs, although initially militarily superior due to the weapons and resources provided by the JNA, eventually lost momentum as the Bosniaks and Croats allied themselves against the Republika Srpska in 1994 with the creation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina following the Washington agreement.
Pakistan defied the UN's ban on supply of arms and airlifted missiles to the Bosnian Muslims, while after the Srebrenica and Markale massacres, NATO intervened in 1995 with Operation Deliberate Force targeting the positions of the Army of the Republika Srpska, which proved key in ending the war.
The war was brought to an end after the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Paris on 14 December 1995.
By early 2008, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia had convicted 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia.
Over 2.2 million people were displaced, making it the most devastating conflict in Europe since the end of World War II.
Misha Glenny gives a date of 22 March, Tom Gallagher gives 2 April, while Mary Kaldor and Laura Silber and Allan Little give 6 April.
Serbs consider the Sarajevo wedding shooting, when a groom's father was killed on the second day of the Bosnian independence referendum, 1 March 1992, to have been the first victim of the war.
The war was brought to an end by the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, negotiated at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio between 1 and 21 November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14 December 1995.
The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina came about as a result of the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
A crisis emerged in Yugoslavia as a result of the weakening of the confederational system at the end of the Cold War.
While the goal of Serbian nationalists was the centralisation of Yugoslavia, other nationalities in Yugoslavia aspired to the federalisation and the decentralisation of the state.
According to the 1991 census, 44% of the population considered themselves Muslim (Bosniak), 32.5% Serb and 17% Croat, with 6% describing themselves as Yugoslav.
In March 1989, the crisis in Yugoslavia deepened after the adoption of amendments to the Serbian Constitution which allowed the government of Serbia to dominate the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina.
Until then, Kosovo and Vojvodina's decision-making had been independent and both autonomous provinces also had a vote at the Yugoslav federal level.
At the 14th Extraordinary Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, on 20 January 1990, the delegations of the republics could not agree on the main issues facing the Yugoslav federation.
The Slovene delegation, headed by Milan Kučan, demanded democratic changes and a looser federation, while the Serbian delegation, headed by Milošević, opposed it.
In the first multi-party election in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in November 1990, votes were cast largely according to ethnicity, leading to the success of the Bosniak Party of Democratic Action, the Serbian Democratic Party and the Croatian Democratic Union.
Parties divided power along ethnic lines so that the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a Bosniak, the president of the Parliament was a Serb and the prime minister a Croat.
Numerous meetings were held in early 1991 between the leaders of the six Yugoslav republics and the two autonomous regions to discuss the ongoing crisis in Yugoslavia.
Bosnian leader Alija Izetbegović proposed an asymmetrical federation in February, where Slovenia and Croatia would maintain loose ties with the 4 remaining republics.
The meeting became controversial in later months due to claims by some Yugoslav politicians that the two presidents agreed to the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
On 6 June, Izetbegović and Macedonian president Kiro Gligorov proposed a weak confederation between Croatia, Slovenia and a federation of the other four republics, which was rejected by Milošević.
On 25 June 1991, both Slovenia and Croatia declared independence, which led to a short armed conflict in Slovenia called the Ten-Day War, and an all-out war in Croatia in the Croatian War of Independence in areas with a substantial ethnic Serb population.
In July 1991, representatives of the Serb Democratic Party (SDS), including SDS president Radovan Karadžić, and Muhamed Filipović and Adil Zulfikarpašić from the Muslim Bosniak Organisation (MBO), drafted an agreement known as the Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement which would leave SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in a state union with SR Serbia and SR Montenegro.
In August 1991, the European Economic Community hosted a conference in an attempt to prevent Bosnia and Herzegovina sliding into war.
On 25 September 1991, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 713, imposing an arms embargo on all of the former Yugoslav territories.
The embargo hurt the Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina the most because the Republic of Serbia inherited the lion's share of the JNA's arsenal and the Croatian Army could smuggle weapons through its coast, in addition to having seized large amounts of weaponry from the JNA.
Over 55% of the armories and barracks of the former Yugoslavia were located in Bosnia, owing to its mountainous terrain in anticipation of a guerrilla war had Yugoslavia been invaded, but many of those factories (such as the UNIS PRETIS factory in Vogošća) were under Serb control, and others were inoperable due to a lack of electricity and raw materials.
On 19 September 1991, the JNA moved extra troops to the area around the city of Mostar, which was publicly protested by the local government.
This action, nearly seven months before the start of the Bosnian War, caused the first casualties of the Yugoslav Wars in Bosnia.
Five days later, the JNA attacked the Croat village of Ravno in eastern Herzegovina on their way to attack Dubrovnik, and in the first days of October it leveled it, killing eight Croat civilians.
The ruling party in the Republic of Croatia, the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), organised and controlled the branch of the party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
By the latter part of 1991, the more extreme elements of the party, under the leadership of Mate Boban, Dario Kordić, Jadranko Prlić, Ignac Koštroman, as well as local leaders such as Anto Valenta, and with the support of Franjo Tuđman and Gojko Šušak, had taken effective control of the party.
On 6 October 1991, Bosnian president Alija Izetbegović gave a televised proclamation of neutrality that included the statement 'Remember, this is not our war.
In the meantime, Izetbegović made the following statement before the Bosnian parliament on October 14 with regard to the JNA: 'Do not do anything against the Army.
Throughout 1990, the RAM Plan was developed by SDB and a group of selected Serb officers of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) with the purpose of organizing Serbs outside Serbia, consolidating control of the fledgling SDS parties and the prepositioning of arms and ammunition.
The plan was meant to prepare the framework for a third Yugoslavia in which all Serbs with their territories would live together in the same state.
Journalist Giuseppe Zaccaria summarised a meeting of Serb army officers in Belgrade in 1992, reporting that they had adopted an explicit policy to target women and children as the most vulnerable portion of the Muslim religious and social structure.
The Memorandum was hotly contested by the Bosnian Serb members of parliament, arguing that Amendment LXX of the Constitution required procedural safeguards and a two-thirds majority for such issues.
The Memorandum was debated anyway, leading to a boycott of the parliament by the Bosnian Serbs, and during the boycott the legislation was passed.
The Serb political representatives proclaimed the Assembly of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 24 October 1991, declaring that the Serb people wished to remain in Yugoslavia.
The Party of Democratic Action (SDA), led by Alija Izetbegović, was determined to pursue independence and was supported by Europe and the U.S.
The SDS made it clear that if independence was declared, Serbs would secede as it was their right to exercise self-determination.
Borisav Jović's memoirs show that on 5 December 1991 Milošević ordered the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised and its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perception of the JNA as a foreign force; Bosnian Serbs would remain to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army.
Accordingly, by the end of the month only 10–15% of the personnel in the JNA in BiH was from outside the republic.
4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence.
On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called for a referendum on independence on 29 February and 1 March.
The debate had ended after Serb deputies withdrew after the majority Bosniak–Croat delegates turned down a motion that the referendum question be placed before the not yet established Council of National Equality.
The Croatian War would result in United Nations Security Council Resolution 743 on 21 February 1992, which created the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR).
During the talks in Lisbon on 21–22 February a peace plan was presented by EC mediator José Cutileiro, which proposed the independent state of Bosnia to be divided into three constituent units.
The turnout to the referendums was reported as 63.7%, with 92.7% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, which made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum).
The brandishing of Serbian flags in the Baščaršija was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum, which was supported by most Bosnian Croats and Muslims but boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs.
A SDS spokesman stated it was evidence that Serbs were in mortal danger and would be further so in an independent Bosnia, which was rejected by Sefer Halilović, founder of the Patriotic League, who stated that it wasn't a wedding but a provocation and accused the wedding guests of being SDS activists.
Barricades appeared in the following early morning at key transit points across the city and were manned by armed and masked SDS supporters.
On 18 March 1992, all three sides signed the Lisbon Agreement: Alija Izetbegović for the Bosniaks, Radovan Karadžić for the Serbs and Mate Boban for the Croats.
However, on 28 March 1992, Izetbegović, after meeting with the then-US ambassador to Yugoslavia Warren Zimmermann in Sarajevo, withdrew his signature and declared his opposition to any type of ethnic division of Bosnia.
In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near Bosanski Brod, resulting in the killing of Serb villagers in Sijekovac.
The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction: Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO, Serbs the VRS.
1st Corps operated in the region of Sarajevo and Goražde, while the stronger 5th Corps was positioned in the western Bosanska Krajina pocket, which cooperated with HVO units in and around Bihać.
Sefer Halilović, Chief of Staff of the Bosnian Territorial Defense, claimed in June 1992 that his forces were 70% Muslim, 18% Croat and 12% Serb.
Izetbegović also appointed colonel Blaž Kraljević, commander of the Croatian Defence Forces in Herzegovina, to be a member of Bosnian Army's Headquarters, seven days before Kraljević's assassination, in order to assemble a multi-ethnic pro-Bosnian defense front.
The Bosnian government lobbied to have the arms embargo lifted, but that was opposed by the United Kingdom, France and Russia.
The US congress passed two resolutions calling for the embargo to be lifted, but both were vetoed by President Bill Clinton for fear of creating a rift between the US and the aforementioned countries.
Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence also played an active role during 1992–1995 and secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti tank missiles to give them a fighting chance against the Serbs.
Pakistan defied the UN ban on supplying arms to Bosnian Muslims, and General Javed Nasir later claimed that the ISI had airlifted anti-tank guided missiles to Bosnia, which ultimately turned the tide in favour of Bosnian Muslims and forced the Serbs to lift the siege.
The Croatian National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde, ZNG), later renamed officially to Croatian Army (, HV) was engaged in Bosnian Posavina, Herzegovina and Western Bosnia against the Serb forces.
During the Croat-Bosniak conflict, the Croatian government provided arms for the HVO and organised the sending of units of volunteers, with origins from Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the HVO.
The Croatian Defence Forces (HOS), the paramilitary wing of the Croatian Party of Rights, fought against the Serb forces together with the HVO and ARBiH.
The Serb and Croat paramilitaries involved volunteers from Serbia and Croatia, and were supported by nationalist political parties in those countries.
The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength.
The Bosnian Serbs received support from Christian Slavic fighters from various countries in Eastern Europe, including volunteers from other Orthodox Christian countries.
Greek volunteers of the Greek Volunteer Guard were reported to have taken part in the Srebrenica Massacre, with the Greek flag being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs.
Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including Neo-Nazis such as Jackie Arklöv, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to Sweden.
Later he confessed he committed war crimes on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Heliodrom and Dretelj camps as a member of Croatian forces.
Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) allegedly ran an active military intelligence program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995.
Executed and supervised by Pakistani General Javed Nasir, the program provided logistics and ammunition supplies to various groups of Bosnian mujahideen during the war.
According to The Washington Post, Saudi Arabia provided $300 million in weapons to government forces in Bosnia with the knowledge and tacit cooperation of the United States, a claim denied by US officials.
Foreign Muslim fighters also joined the ranks of the Bosnian Muslims, including from the Lebanese guerrilla organisation Hezbollah, and the global organization al-Qaeda.
The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets and Patriotic League were established already in fall 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992.
On 4 April 1992, Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, marking the 'definite rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs'.
On 3 April, the Battle of Kupres began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory.
On 6 April Serb forces began shelling Sarajevo, and in the next two days crossed the Drina from Serbia proper and besieged Muslim-majority Zvornik, Višegrad and Foča.
On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its personnel by helicopters from the barracks in Čapljina, which was under blockade since 4 March.
On 27 April, the Bosnian government ordered the JNA to be put under civilian control or expelled, which was followed by a series of conflicts in early May between the two.
On 2 May, the Green Berets and local gang members fought back a disorganised Serb attack aimed at cutting Sarajevo in two.
On May 3, Izetbegović was kidnapped at the Sarajevo airport by JNA officers, and used to gain safe passage of JNA troops from downtown Sarajevo.
A cease-fire and agreement on evacuation of the JNA was signed on 18 May, and on 20 May the Bosnian presidency declared the JNA an occupation force.
The Army of Republika Srpska was newly established and put under the command of General Ratko Mladić, in a new phase of the war.
Civilian casualties of a 27 May shelling of the city led to Western intervention, in the form of sanctions imposed on 30 May through UNSCR 757.
The 20 June cease-fire, executed in order for UN takeover of the Sarajevo airport for humanitarian flights, was broken as both sides battled for control of the territory between the city and airport.
The airport crisis led to Boutros-Ghali's ultimatum on 26 June, that the Serbs stop attacks on the city, allow the UN to take control of the airport, and place their heavy weapons under UN supervision.
A joint Muslim–HVO offensive in May, having taken advantage of the confusion following JNA withdrawal, reversed Serb advances into Posavina and central Bosnia.
Serb forces suffered a costly defeat in eastern Bosnia in May, when according to Serbian accounts Avdo Palić's force was ambushed near Srebrenica, killing 400.
In April 1992, Croatian Defence Council (HVO) entered the town of Orašje and, according to Croatian sources, began a mass campaign of harassment against local Serb civilians, including torture, rape and murder.
An agreement was made with the Bosnian government that JNA units would be allowed until 19 May to leave Bosnia peacefully.
Despite the agreement, the convoy was attacked in Tuzla's Brčanska Malta district with rifles and rocket launchers; mines were also placed along its route.
From May to December 1992, the Bosnian Ministry of the Interior (BiH MUP), Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and later the Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces (TO RBiH) operated the Čelebići prison camp.
It was used to detain 700 Bosnian Serb prisoners of war arrested during military operations that were intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and Mostar in May 1992 which had earlier been blocked by Serb forces.
On 6 May 1992, Mate Boban met with Radovan Karadžić in Graz, Austria, where they reached an agreement for a ceasefire and discussed the details of the demarcation between a Croat and Serb territorial unit in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
However, the ceasefire was broken on the following day when the JNA and Bosnian Serb forces mounted an attack on Croat-held positions in Mostar.
Ambassador to Croatia, Peter Galbraith, tried to put the number of Muslim refugees in Croatia into a proper perspective in an interview on 8 November 1993.
The number of Bosnian refugees in Croatia was at the time surpassed only by the number of the internally displaced persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000.
The reported deaths of twelve newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of bottled oxygen for incubators was cited as an immediate cause for the action, but the veracity of these deaths has since been questioned.
Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the Yugoslav Presidency, has claimed that the report was just wartime propaganda, stating that Banja Luka had two bottled oxygen production plants in its immediate vicinity and was virtually self-reliant in that respect.
Operation Corridor began on 14 June 1992, when the 16th Krajina Motorised Brigade of the VRS, aided by a VRS tank company from Doboj, began the offensive near Derventa.
The Croatian Army (HV) lost, according to Croatian sources, around 12.000 men and it was pushed out from the cities of Brčko, Bosanski Brod and Derventa back into Croatia.
In June 1992, the UNPROFOR, originally deployed in Croatia, had its mandate extended into Bosnia and Herzegovina, initially to protect the Sarajevo International Airport.
In September, the role of UNPROFOR was expanded to protect humanitarian aid and assist relief delivery in the whole Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to help protect civilian refugees when required by the Red Cross.
On 21 July 1992, the Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation was signed by Tuđman and Izetbegović, establishing a military cooperation between the two armies.
At a session held on 6 August, the Bosnian Presidency accepted HVO as an integral part of the Bosnian armed forces.
On 19 June, a conflict between the units of the TO on one side, and HVO and HOS units on the other side broke out in Novi Travnik.
Incidents were also recorded in Konjic in July, and in Kiseljak and the Croat settlement of Stup in Sarajevo during August.
On 18 October, a dispute over a gas station near Novi Travnik that was shared by both armies escalated into armed conflict in the town center.
Spontaneous clashes spread throughout the region and resulted in almost 50 casualties until a ceasefire was negotiated by the UNPROFOR on 21 October.
On 23 October, a major battle between the ARBiH and the HVO started in the town of Prozor in northern Herzegovina and resulted in an HVO victory.
The town was defended by both the HVO and the ARBiH, but the lack of cooperation, as well as an advantage in troop size and firepower for the VRS, led to the fall of the town.
Croat refugees from Jajce fled to Herzegovina and Croatia, while around 20,000 Bosniak refugees settled in Travnik, Novi Travnik, Vitez, Busovača, and villages near Zenica.
Despite the October confrontations, and with each side blaming the other for the fall of Jajce, there were no large-scale clashes and a general military alliance was still in effect.
Tuđman and Izetbegović met in Zagreb on 1 November 1992 and agreed to establish a Joint Command of HVO and ARBiH.
On 7 January 1993, Orthodox Christmas Day, 8th Operational Unit Srebrenica, a unit of the ARBiH under the command of Naser Orić, attacked the village of Kravica near Bratunac.
The Bosniak forces used the Srebrenica safe zone (where no military was allowed) to carry out attacks on Serb villages including Kravica, and then flee back into the safe zone before the VRS could catch them.
However, this could not be independently verified during the ICTY trials, which concluded that many homes were already previously destroyed and that the siege of Srebrenica caused hunger, forcing Bosniaks to attack nearby Serb villages to acquire food and weapons to survive.
In 2006, Orić was found guilty by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on the charges of not preventing murder of Serbs, but was subsequently acquitted of all charges on appeal.
On 8 January 1993, the Serbs killed the deputy prime minister of the RBiH Hakija Turajlić after stopping the UN convoy taking him from the airport.
Numerous peace plans were proposed by the UN, the United States, and the European Community (EC), but with little impact on the war.
The peace plan was viewed by some as one of the factors leading to the escalation of the Croat–Bosniak conflict in central Bosnia.
On 25 May 1993 the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was formally established by Resolution 827 of the United Nations Security Council.
On 31 March 1993, the United Nations Security Council issued Resolution 816, calling on member states to enforce a no-fly zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
By 26 January, the ARBiH seized control of several villages in the area, including Kaćuni and Bilalovac on the Busovača–Kiseljak road, thus isolating Kiseljak from Busovača.
In the Kiseljak area, the ARBiH secured the villages northeast of the town of Kiseljak, but most of the municipality and the town itself remained in HVO control.
On 26 January, six POWs and a Serb civilian were killed by the ARBiH in the village of Dusina, north of Busovača.
On 30 January, ARBiH and HVO leaders met in Vitez, together with representatives from UNPROFOR and other foreign observers, and signed a ceasefire in the area of central Bosnia, which came into effect on the following day.
The situation was still tense so Enver Hadžihasanović, commander of ARBiH's 3rd Corps, and Tihomir Blaškić, commander of HVO's Operative Zone Central Bosnia, had a meeting on 13 February where a joint ARBiH-HVO commission was formed to resolve incidents.
The January ceasefire in central Bosnia held through the following two months and in the first weeks of April, despite numerous minor incidents.
The Croats attributed the escalation of the conflict to the increased Islamic policy of the Bosniaks, while Bosniaks accused the Croat side of separatism.
The beginning of April was marked by a series of minor incidents in central Bosnia between Bosniak and Croat civilians and soldiers, including assaults, murders and armed confrontations.
The most serious incidents were the kidnapping of four members of the HVO outside Novi Travnik, and of HVO commander Živko Totić near Zenica by the mujahideen.
In the Busovača municipality, the ARBiH gained some ground and inflicted heavy casualties on the HVO, but the HVO held the town of Busovača and the Kaonik intersection between Busovača and Vitez.
The ARBiH failed to cut the HVO held Kiseljak enclave into several smaller parts and isolate the town of Fojnica from Kiseljak.
In the Vitez area, Blaškić used his limited forces to carry out spoiling attacks on the ARBiH, thus preventing the ARBiH from cutting of the Travnik–Busovača road and seizing the SPS explosives factory in Vitez.
After the attacking units breached the ARBiH lines and entered the village, groups of irregular HVO units went from house to house, burning them and killing civilians.
Elsewhere in the area, the HVO blocked the ARBiH forces in the Stari Vitez quarter of Vitez and prevented an ARBiH advance south of the town.
However, the conflict did not spread to Travnik and Novi Travnik, although both the HVO and the ARBiH brought in reinforcements from this area.
ARBiH Chief of Staff, Sefer Halilović, and HVO Chief of Staff, Milivoj Petković, met on a weekly basis to solve ongoing issues and implement the ceasefire.
However, the truce was not respected on the ground and the HVO and ARBiH forces were still engaged in the Busovača area until 30 April.
The Croat–Bosniak War spread from central Bosnia to northern Herzegovina on 14 April with an ARBiH attack on a HVO-held village outside of Konjic.
On 16 April, 15 Croat civilians and 7 POWs were killed by the ARBiH in the village of Trusina, north of Jablanica.
The battles of Konjic and Jablanica lasted until May, with the ARBiH taking full control of both towns and smaller nearby villages.
By mid-April, Mostar had become a divided city with the majority Croat western part dominated by the HVO, and the majority Bosniak eastern part dominated by the ARBiH.
The Battle of Mostar began on 9 May when both the east and west parts of the city came under artillery fire.
Fierce street battles followed that, despite a ceasefire signed on 13 May by Milivoj Petković and Sefer Halilović, continued until 21 May.
The HVO established prison camps in Dretelj near Čapljina and in Heliodrom, while the ARBiH formed prison camps in Potoci and in a school in eastern Mostar.
The ARBiH secured the northern approaches to Mostar and the eastern part of the city, but their advance to the south was repelled by the HVO.
In the first week of June, the ARBiH attacked the HVO headquarters in the town of Travnik and HVO units positioned on the front lines against the VRS.
After three days of street fighting the outnumbered HVO forces were defeated, with thousands of Croat civilians and soldiers fleeing to nearby Serb-held territory as they were cut off from HVO held positions.
On 9 June, the ARBiH attacked HVO units positioned east of the town, facing the VRS in Donji Vakuf, and the next day heavy fighting followed in Novi Travnik.
By 15 June, the ARBiH secured the area northwest of the town, while the HVO kept the northeastern part of the municipality and the town of Novi Travnik.
The HVO in the town of Kakanj was overran in mid June and around 13–15,000 Croat refugees fled to Kiseljak and Vareš.
The ARBiH expanded its territory west of Jablanica and secured the road to eastern Mostar, while the HVO kept the area of Prozor and secured its forces rear in western Mostar.
The massacre was used as an excuse for an ARBiH attack on the HVO-held Vareš enclave at the beginning of November.
On 4 June 1993 the UN Security Council passed Resolution 836 authorising the use of force by UNPROFOR in the protection of the safe zones.
On 15 June 1993, Operation Sharp Guard, a naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union, began and continued until it was lifted on 18 June 1996 on termination of the UN arms embargo.
The HVO and the ARBiH continued to fight side by side against the VRS in some areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the Bihać pocket, Bosnian Posavina and the Tešanj area.
In other areas where the alliance collapsed, the VRS occasionally cooperated with both the HVO and ARBiH, pursuing a local balancing policy and allying with the weaker side.
As a result, Croatia was strained by 500,000 refugees, and in mid-1994 the Croatian authorities forbade entry to a group of 462 refugees fleeing northern Bosnia, forcing UNPROFOR to improvise shelter for them.
On 5 February 1994 Sarajevo suffered its deadliest single attack of the entire siege with the first Markale massacre, when a 120 millimeter mortar shell landed in the centre of the crowded marketplace, killing 68 people and wounding another 144.
On 6 February, UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali formally requested NATO to confirm that future requests for air strikes would be carried out immediately.
On 9 February 1994, NATO authorised the Commander of Allied Forces Southern Europe (CINCSOUTH), US Admiral Jeremy Boorda, to launch air strikes—at the request of the UN—against artillery and mortar positions in or around Sarajevo determined by UNPROFOR to be responsible for attacks against civilian targets.
NATO also issued an ultimatum to the Bosnian Serbs demanding the removal of heavy weapons around Sarajevo by midnight of 20–21 February, or they would face air strikes.
The Croat-Bosniak war ended with the signing of a ceasefire agreement between the HVO Chief of Staff, general Ante Roso, and the ARBiH Chief of Staff, general Rasim Delić, on 23 February 1994 in Zagreb.
A peace agreement known as the Washington Agreement, mediated by the US, was concluded on 2 March by representatives of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Herzeg-Bosnia.
Under this agreement, the combined territory held by the HVO and the ARBiH was divided into autonomous cantons within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The first military effort coordinated between the HVO and the ARBiH following the Washington Agreement was the advance towards Kupres, which was retaken from the VRS on 3 November 1994.
After a month of fighting, Croat forces had taken around of VRS-held territory and directly threatened the main supply route between Republika Srpska and Knin, the capital of Republic of Serbian Krajina.
The primary objective of relieving pressure on the Bihać pocket was not achieved, although the ARBiH repelled VRS attacks on the enclave.
NATO became actively involved when its jets shot down four Serb aircraft over central Bosnia on 28 February 1994 for violating the UN no-fly zone.
On 12 March 1994, the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) made its first request for NATO air support, but close air support was not deployed, owing to a number of delays associated with the approval process.
On 20 March an aid convoy with medical supplies and doctors reached Maglaj, a city of 100,000 people, which had been under siege since May 1993 and had been surviving off food supplies dropped by US aircraft.
On 10–11 April 1994, UNPROFOR called in air strikes to protect the Goražde safe area, resulting in the bombing of a Serbian military command outpost near Goražde by two US F-16 jets.
On 15 April the Bosnian government lines around Goražde broke, and on 16 April a British Sea Harrier was shot down over Goražde by Serb forces.
Around 29 April 1994, a Danish contingent (Nordbat 2) on peacekeeping duty in Bosnia, as part of UNPROFOR's Nordic battalion located in Tuzla, was ambushed when trying to relieve a Swedish observation post (Tango 2) that was under heavy artillery fire by the Bosnian Serb Šekovići brigade at the village of Kalesija.
On 12 May, the US Senate adopted , introduced by Sen. Bob Dole, to unilaterally lift the arms embargo against the Bosnians, but it was repudiated by President Clinton.
On 5 August, at the request of UNPROFOR, NATO aircraft attacked a target within the Sarajevo Exclusion Zone after weapons were seized by Bosnian Serbs from a weapons collection site near Sarajevo.
On 22 September 1994 NATO aircraft carried out an air strike against a Bosnian Serb tank at the request of UNPROFOR.
Operation Amanda was an UNPROFOR mission led by Danish peacekeeping troops, with the aim of recovering an observation post near Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on 25 October 1994.
On 19 November 1994, the North Atlantic Council approved the extension of Close Air Support to Croatia for the protection of UN forces in that country.
NATO aircraft attacked the Udbina airfield in Serb-held Croatia on 21 November, in response to attacks launched from that airfield against targets in the Bihac area of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
On 23 November, after attacks launched from a surface-to-air missile site south of Otoka (north-west Bosnia and Herzegovina) on two NATO aircraft, air strikes were conducted against air defence radars in that area.
The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), represented on the ground by a 400-strong contingent of Dutch peacekeepers, Dutchbat, failed to prevent the town's capture by the VRS and the subsequent massacre.
In line with the Split Agreement signed between Tuđman and Izetbegović on 22 July, a joint military offensive by the HV and the HVO codenamed Operation Summer '95 took place in western Bosnia.
With this, the Bosniak-Croat alliance gained the initiative in the war, taking much of western Bosnia from the VRS in several operations in September and October.
In 2006, Croatian authorities began investigating allegations of war crimes committed during this operation, specifically the killing of 40 civilians in the Bosanska Dubica area by troops of the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Guards Brigade.
At the same time, the ARBiH engaged the VRS further to the north in Operation Sana and captured several towns, including Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Petrovac, Ključ and Sanski Most.
The ARBiH requested Croatian assistance and on 8 October the HV-HVO launched Operation Southern Move under the overall command of HV Major General Ante Gotovina.
In response to the second Markale massacre, on 30 August, the Secretary General of NATO announced the start of Operation Deliberate Force, widespread airstrikes against Bosnian Serb positions supported by UNPROFOR rapid reaction force artillery attacks.
On 14 September 1995, the NATO air strikes were suspended to allow the implementation of an agreement with Bosnian Serbs for the withdrawal of heavy weapons from around Sarajevo.
Twelve days later, on 26 September, an agreement of further basic principles for a peace accord was reached in New York City between the foreign ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the FRY.
The war ended with the Dayton Peace Agreement signed on 21 November 1995; the final version of the peace agreement was signed 14 December 1995 in Paris.
This 80,000 strong unit, heavily armed and mandated to fire at will when necessary for the successful implementation of the operation, was deployed in order to enforce the peace, as well as other tasks such as providing support for humanitarian and political aid, reconstruction, providing support for displaced civilians to return to their homes, collection of arms, and mine and unexploded ordnance (uxo) clearing of the affected areas.
The variations are partly the result of the use of inconsistent definitions of who can be considered victims of the war, as some research calculated only direct casualties of military activity while other research included those who died from hunger, cold, disease or other war conditions.
Early overcounts were also the result of many victims being entered in both civilian and military lists because little systematic coordination of those lists took place in wartime conditions.
The death toll was originally estimated in 1994 at around 200,000 by Cherif Bassiouni, head of the UN expert commission investigating war crimes.
More than 240,000 pieces of data were collected, checked, compared and evaluated by an international team of experts in order to produce the 2007 list of 97,207 victims' names.
All of the RDC figures are believed to be a slight undercount as their methodology is dependent on a family member having survived to report the missing relative, though the undercount is not thought to be statistically significant.
The 2012 figures recorded a total of 101,040 dead or disappeared, of whom 61.4 percent were Bosniaks, 24.7 percent were Serbs, 8.3 percent were Croats and less than 1 percent were of other ethnicities, with a further 5 percent whose ethnicity was unstated.
The proportion of civilian victims is, moreover, an absolute minimum because the status of 5,100 victims was unestablished and because relatives had registered their dead loved ones as military victims in order to obtain veteran's financial benefits or for 'honour' reasons.
Both the RDC and the ICTY's demographic unit applied statistical techniques to identify possible duplication caused by a given victim being recorded in multiple primary lists, the original documents being then hand-checked to assess duplication.
Some 30 categories of information existed within the database for each individual record, including basic personal information, place and date of death, and, in the case of soldiers, the military unit to which the individual belonged.
This has allowed the database to present deaths by gender, military unit, year and region of death, in addition to ethnicity and 'status in war' (civilian or soldier).
The category intended to describe which military formation caused the death of each victim was the most incomplete and was deemed unusable.
Research conducted in 2010 for the Office of the Prosecutors at the Hague Tribunal, headed by Ewa Tabeau, pointed to errors in earlier figures and calculated the minimum number of victims as 89,186, with a probable figure of around 104,732.
These figures were not based solely on 'battle deaths', but included accidental deaths taking place in battle conditions and acts of mass violence.
However, according to The RDC's data on human losses in the regions, in Central Bosnia 62 percent of the 10,448 documented deaths were Bosniaks, while Croats constituted 24 percent and Serbs 13 percent.
The municipalities of Gornji Vakuf and Bugojno are geographically located in Central Bosnia (known as Gornje Povrbasje region), but the 1,337 region's documented deaths are included in Vrbas regional statistics.
According to the UN, there were 167 fatalities amongst UNPROFOR personnel during the course of the force's mandate, from February 1992 to March 1995.
Of those who died, three were military observers, 159 were other military personnel, one was a member of the civilian police, two were international civilian staff and two were local staff.
In July 2014 the remains of 284 victims, unearthed from the Tomasica mass grave near the town of Prijedor, were laid to rest in a mass ceremony in the northwestern town of Kozarac, attended by relatives.
The UNCHR stated that the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina forced more than 2.2 million people to flee their homes, making it the largest displacement of people in Europe since the end of World War II.
According to a report compiled by the UN, and chaired by M. Cherif Bassiouni, while all sides committed war crimes during the conflict, Serbian forces were responsible for ninety percent of them, whereas Croatian forces were responsible for six percent, and Bosniak forces four percent.
In October 2019, a third of the war crime charges filed by the Bosnian state prosecution during the year were transferred to lower-level courts, which sparked criticism of prosecutors.
This entailed intimidation, forced expulsion, or killing of the unwanted ethnic group as well as the destruction of the places of worship, cemeteries and cultural and historical buildings of that ethnic group.
According to numerous ICTY verdicts and indictments, Serb and Croat forces performed ethnic cleansing of their territories planned by their political leadership to create ethnically pure states (Republika Srpska and Herzeg-Bosnia).
The Central Intelligence Agency claimed, in a 1995 report, that Bosnian Serb forces were responsible for 90 percent of the ethnic cleansing committed during the conflict.
A trial took place before the International Court of Justice, following a 1993 suit by Bosnia and Herzegovina against Serbia and Montenegro alleging genocide.
The ICJ ruling of 26 February 2007 indirectly determined the war's nature to be international, though clearing Serbia of direct responsibility for the genocide committed by the forces of Republika Srpska.
The ICJ concluded, however, that Serbia failed to prevent genocide committed by Serb forces and failed to punish those responsible, and bring them to justice.
The court concluded the crimes committed during the 1992–1995 war, may amount to crimes against humanity according to the international law, but that these acts did not, in themselves, constitute genocide per se.
Women and girls were kept in various detention centres where they had to live in intolerably unhygienic conditions and were mistreated in many ways including being repeatedly raped.
Common complications among surviving women and girls include psychological, gynaecological and other physical disorders, as well as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in 1993 as a body of the UN to prosecute war crimes committed during the wars in the former Yugoslavia, and to try their perpetrators.
According to legal experts, as of early 2008, 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks were convicted of war crimes by the ICTY in connection with the Balkan wars of the 1990s.
Both Serbs and Croats were indicted and convicted of systematic war crimes (joint criminal enterprise), while Bosniaks were indicted and convicted of individual ones.
Most of the Bosnian Serb wartime leadership – Biljana Plavšić, Momčilo Krajišnik, Radoslav Brđanin, and Duško Tadić – were indicted and judged guilty for war crimes and ethnic cleansing.
The former president of Republika Srpska Radovan Karadžić was held on trial and was sentenced to life in prison for crimes, including crimes against humanity and genocide.
Ratko Mladić was also tried by the ICTY, charged with crimes in connection with the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre.
Paramilitary leader Vojislav Šešelj has been on trial since 2007 accused of being a part of a joint criminal enterprise to ethnically cleanse large areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina of non-Serbs.
The Serbian president Slobodan Milošević was charged with war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia, including grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, crimes against humanity and genocide, but died in 2006 before the trial could finish.
After the death of Alija Izetbegović, The Hague revealed that he was under investigation for war crimes; however the prosecutor did not find sufficient evidence in Izetbegović's lifetime to issue an indictment.
Other Bosniaks who were convicted of or are under trial for war crimes include Rasim Delić, chief of staff of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who was sentenced to three years' imprisonment on 15 September 2008 for his failure to prevent the Bosnian mujahideen members of the Bosnian army from committing crimes against captured civilians and enemy combatants (murder, rape, torture).
Enver Hadžihasanović, a general of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was sentenced to 3.5 years for authority over acts of murder and wanton destruction in Central Bosnia.
He was sentenced to 18 years by the ICTY Appeals Chamber on 8 April 2003 for murder and torture of the prisoners and for raping two Serbian women.
Bosnian commander Sefer Halilović was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty.
The tribunal also convicted five other war time leaders of the joint trial: defence minister of Herzeg-Bosnia Bruno Stojić (20 years), military officers Slobodan Praljak (20 years) and Milivoj Petković (20 years), military police commander Valentin Ćorić (20 years), and head of prisoner exchanges and detention facilities Berislav Pušić (10 years).
The Chamber ruled, by majority, with the presiding judge Jean-Claude Antonetti dissenting, that they took part in a joint criminal enterprise (JCE) against the non-Croat population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the JCE included the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, Defence Minister Gojko Šušak, and general Janko Bobetko.
Crimes against humanity, a charge second in gravity only to genocide, is the most serious war crime that any Croats were convicted of.
On 6 December 2004, Serbian president Boris Tadić made an apology in Bosnia and Herzegovina to all those who suffered crimes committed in the name of the Serb people.
Bosnia and Herzegovina's then-president Haris Silajdžić in turn praised relations with Croatia, remarks that starkly contrasted with his harsh criticism of Serbia the day before.
The initiative to pass a resolution came from President Boris Tadić, who pushed for it even though the issue was politically controversial.
Due to the involvement of Croatia and Serbia, there has been a long-standing debate as to whether the conflict was a civil war or a war of aggression on Bosnia by neighbouring states.
Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats enjoyed substantial political and military backing from Serbia and Croatia, and the decision to grant Bosnia diplomatic recognition also had implications for the international interpretation of the conflict.
Sumantra Bose, meanwhile, argues that it is possible to characterise the Bosnian War as a civil war, without necessarily agreeing with the narrative of Serb and Croat nationalists.
In his decision, he characterised the Bosnian War to have been an international armed conflict as Bosnia had declared independence on 3 March 1992.
Academic Mary Kaldor argues that the Bosnian War is an example of what she terms new wars, which are neither civil nor inter-state, but rather combine elements of both.
It tells the story of a mother who brings her teenage son to Sarajevo, where his father died in the Bosnian conflict years ago.
Produced by the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the series showed several active battlefield events and the involvement of Pakistan military personnel in the UN peacekeeping missions.
The Czechoslovaks undertook the operation to help confer legitimacy on Edvard Beneš's government-in-exile in London, as well as for retribution for Heydrich's brutal rule.
The operation was carried out by soldiers of the Czechoslovak army-in-exile, in Prague, on 27 May 1942, after preparation and training by the British Special Operations Executive and with the approval of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile.
His death led to a wave of reprisals by SS troops, including the destruction of villages and the mass killing of civilians.
Heydrich had been the chief of the RSHA since September 1939 and was appointed acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia after replacing Konstantin von Neurath in September 1941.
The exiled government of Czechoslovakia under President Edvard Beneš was under pressure from British intelligence, as there had been very little visible resistance since the occupation of the Sudeten regions of the country in 1938.
Occupation of the whole country had begun in 1939, and the initial betrayal, with the subsequent terror of the German Reich seemed to break the will of the Czechs for a period.
As well as terrorizing the opposition and establishing the Theresienstadt ghetto/concentration camp, he had overseen a progressive policy of good wages (equivalent to those in Germany) for industrial workers and farmers, which had a pacifying effect (acts of sabotage dropped by three-quarters in 6 months), and helped cooperative production of war materials.
Heydrich was thought to be scheduled to transfer to occupied northern France and Belgium, with the intent to implement similar policies there.
The resistance was active from the very beginning of occupation in several other countries defeated in open warfare (Poland, Yugoslavia, and Greece), but the subjugated Czech lands remained relatively calm and produced significant amounts of materiel for Nazi Germany.
The exiled government felt that it had to do something that would inspire the Czechoslovaks as well as show the world that the Czechs and Slovaks were allies.
Reinhard Heydrich was chosen over Karl Hermann Frank as an assassination target due to his status as the acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia as well as his reputation for terrorizing local citizens.
The operation was also intended to demonstrate to senior Nazis that they were not beyond the reach of allied forces and the resistance groups they supported.
The operation was instigated by František Moravec, head of the Czechoslovak intelligence services, with the knowledge and approval of Edvard Beneš, head of the Czechoslovak government in exile in Britain, almost as soon as Heydrich was appointed Protector.
Gubbins readily agreed to help mount the operation, although knowledge of it was restricted to a few of the headquarters and training staff of SOE.
Moravec had personally selected two dozen of the most promising personnel from among the 2,000 exiled Czechoslovak soldiers based in Britain.
Warrant Officer Jozef Gabčík (Slovak) and Staff Sergeant Karel Svoboda (Czech) were chosen to carry out the operation on 28 October 1941 (Czechoslovakia's Independence Day), but Svoboda was replaced by Jan Kubiš (Czech) after he received a head injury during training.
This caused delays in the mission as Kubiš had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him.
Training was supervised by the nominated head of the Czech section, Major Alfgar Hesketh-Pritchard, who turned to Cecil Clarke to develop the necessary weapon, light enough to throw but still be lethal to an armour-plated Mercedes.
During extensive training, the new weapon was found to be easy to throw by Hesketh-Pritchard, who had a strong cricketing background, but less so by Gabčík and Kubiš.
The soldiers then moved to Pilsen to contact their allies, and from there on to Prague, where the attack was planned.
Gabčík and Kubiš initially planned to kill Heydrich on a train, but after examination of the practicalities, they realised this was not going to be possible.
At 10:30 on 27 May 1942, Heydrich started his daily commute from his home in Panenské Břežany, 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of central Prague, to his headquarters at Prague Castle.
Gabčík and Kubiš waited at the tram stop at the junction between the road then known as (now Zenklova), and , in Prague 8-Libeň near Bulovka Hospital.
Josef Valčík (from group Silver A) was positioned about 100 metres (109 yards) north of Gabčík and Kubiš to look out for the approaching car.
Kubiš then threw a modified anti-tank grenade (concealed in a briefcase) at the rear of the car; it detonated, its fragments ripping through the right rear fender and embedding fragmentation and fibres from the upholstery into Heydrich, wounding him.
Heydrich staggered out of the car holding his gun, apparently unaware of his injuries; Gabčík and Kubiš fired at him with their Colt M1903 pistols but shocked by the explosion, missed.
Klein chased him into a butcher shop, where Gabčík shot him twice with a pistol, severely wounding him in the leg.
He was then transferred to the back of the truck on his stomach and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital.
He had suffered severe injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen and lung, as well as a fractured rib.
A Dr. Slanina packed the chest wound, while Dr. Walter Diek (the Sudeten German chief of surgery at the hospital) tried to remove the shrapnel splinters.
Professor Hollbaum (a Silesian German who was chairman of surgery at Charles University in Prague) operated on Heydrich with Diek and Slanina's assistance.
The surgeons reinflated the collapsed left lung, removed the tip of the fractured eleventh rib, sutured the torn diaphragm, inserted several catheters and removed the spleen, which contained a grenade fragment and upholstery.
There are contradictory accounts concerning whether sulfanilamide (a new antibacterial drug) was given but Gebhardt testified at his 1947 war crimes trial that it was not.
After seven days, his condition appeared to be improving when he collapsed while sitting up eating a noon meal and went into shock.
One of the theories was that some of the horsehair in the upholstery of Heydrich's car was forced into his body by the blast of the grenade, causing a systemic infection.
In support of the latter possibility, particles of fat and blood clots were found at autopsy in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and severe oedema was noted in the upper lobes of the lungs, while the lower lobes were collapsed.
The authors say that there is only circumstantial evidence to support this allegation; the records of the SOE for the period have remained sealed and few medical records of Heydrich's condition and treatment have been preserved.
73 grenade: the bottom two thirds of this weapon had been removed, and the open end and sides wrapped up with adhesive tape.
His post-mortem showed none of the usual signs of sepsis, although infection of the wound and areas surrounding the lungs and heart was reported.
Heydrich's condition while hospitalized was not documented in detail but he was not noted to have developed any of the distinctive symptoms associated with botulism, which have a gradual onset, invariably including paralysis, with death generally resulting from respiratory failure.
Two others were also wounded by fragments of the same grenade – Kubiš, the Czech soldier who threw the grenade, and a bystander – but neither was reported to have shown any sign of poisoning.
Hitler ordered an investigation and reprisals on the day of the assassination attempt, suggesting that Himmler send SS General Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski to Prague.
Hitler favoured killing 10,000 politically unreliable Czechs but after he consulted Himmler, the idea was dropped because Czech territory was an important industrial zone for the German military and indiscriminate killing could reduce the productivity of the region.
First Lieutenant Adolf Opálka's aunt Marie Opálková was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolím was also killed.
A Gestapo report suggested Lidice was the hiding place of the assassins, since several Czech army officers exiled in England were known to have come from there.
On 9 June 1942, the Germans committed the Lidice massacre; 199 men were killed, 195 women were deported to Ravensbrück concentration camp and 95 children taken prisoner.
Of the children, 81 were later killed in gas vans at the Chełmno extermination camp, while eight were adopted by German families.
The Czech village of Ležáky was also destroyed, because a radio transmitter belonging to the Silver A team was found there.
The Polish underground killed two senior SS officers in the General government in Operation Kutschera and Operation Bürkl; Wilhelm Kube, the General-Kommissar of Belarus, was killed in Operation Blowup by Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in his household to kill him.
A deadline was issued to the military and the people of Czechoslovakia for the assassins to be apprehended by 18 June 1942.
If they were not caught by then, the Germans threatened to spill far more blood, believing that this threat would be enough to force a potential informant to sell out the culprits.
The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in Karel Boromejsky Church, an Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to Sts.
The youth was stupefied with brandy, shown his mother's severed head in a fish tank, and warned that, if he did not talk, his father would be next and Ata gave in.
Ata Moravec was executed by the Nazis in Mauthausen on 24 October 1942, the same day as his father, his fiancée, her mother and her brother.
Gabčík, Josef Valcik, Jaroslav Svarc and Jan Hruby killed themselves in the crypt after repeated SS attacks, attempts to force them out with tear gas and Prague fire brigade trucks brought in to try to flood the crypt.
Bishop Gorazd took the blame for the actions in the church, to minimize the reprisals among his flock and even wrote letters to the Nazi authorities, who arrested him on 27 June 1942 and tortured him.
On 4 September 1942, the bishop, the church's priests and senior lay leaders were taken to Kobylisy Shooting Range in a northern suburb of Prague and shot.
Two large funeral ceremonies were held for Heydrich as one of the most important Nazi leaders: first in Prague, where the way to Prague Castle was lined by thousands of SS men with torches and then in Berlin attended by all leading Nazi figures, including Hitler, who placed the German Order and Blood Order medals on the funeral pillow.
It was created in 1947 by the ex-soldier of the Czechoslovak Army in Exile, František Bělský and is dedicated to the paratroopers, the clergymen, and other Czech patriots who lost their lives for the sake of the operation.
The Slovak National Museum opened an exhibition in May 2007 to commemorate the heroes of the Czech and Slovak resistance, one of the most important resistance actions in the whole of German-occupied Europe.
There is also a memorial in Arisaig, Scotland to the Czechoslovakian members of SOE who trained in that area, with a list of those killed and the missions in which they took part.
In October 2011, a memorial plaque was unveiled on residential block Porchester Gate (London), which housed the Czechoslovak military intelligence service and where the Operation Anthropoid was planned in October 1941.
Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, where the Czechoslovak paratroopers died after being cornered, and the memorial there for those killed by the SS in retaliation for Operation Anthropoid.
Kattan was a member of several improvisational comedy (improv) and sketch comedy troupes, one of them being The Groundlings in Los Angeles.
It was the first time since 2011 that Fallon, Sanz, Kattan, and Morgan were all present for a performance of the song.
Kattan married model Sunshine Deia Tutt on June 28, 2008, in Oakhurst, California, after proposing to her on Christmas Eve 2006.
Afterward, Kattan revealed that he had broken his neck doing a stunt almost 20 years prior and that the injury and subsequent surgeries were the reasons for his lack of mobility.
The latter name is in reference to the naturalist, Brian Houghton Hodgson, who described the species after collecting one himself in the Himalayas.
As is typical of hawk-eagles, the mountain hawk-eagle is a forest dwelling opportunistic predator who readily varies its prey selection between birds, mammals and reptiles along with other vertebrates.
Although classified currently as a least-concern species due its persistence over a rather wide distribution, this species is often quite rare and scarce and seems to be decreasing, especially in response to large-scale habitat degradation and deforestation.
The latter critically endangered island hawk-eagle seems to be of broadly similar size (weight is unknown), albeit with shorter wings, however the Flores species seems to be linearly outmatched by the largest mountain hawk-eagle.
Like most birds of prey, females are larger on average than the male, with a typical size difference of 3-8%, though it can rarely range up to a 21% difference.
Although its wings are relatively short compared to eagles of open country, it has the longest wings of any of the hawk-eagles, even relative to their size.
Mountain hawk-eagles have a short but strong bill, long and often erect crest (though can also be very short), short wings, a longish three-banded tail, feathered legs and powerful feet.
It is usually rather unobtrusive, perching rather upright inside of canopy, with its wing-tips coming to less than one-fifth down the tail.
9 males of the nominate race were found to average in wing length, in tail length, in hallux claw length (the large rear talon often utilized by accipitrids as a killing tool), in tarsus length and in bill length.
13 females of the nominate were found to average in wing length, in tail length, in hallux claw length, in tarsus length and in bill length.
A single male from the Yangtze area of east-central China was found to have weighed while two females from there weighed , suggesting size increases further north in this subspecies in accordance with Bergmann's rule.
The underside in this race has a paler ground colour against much browner and darker barring, often showing less of the warmer or rufous tones typical of mainland mountain hawk-eagles.
The throat often has reduced blackish streaking compared to mainland birds and the upper chest can be whitish and nearly unmarked.
From the same sample, males had a mean wing chord length of , tail length of , culmen length of and tarsus length of .
Meanwhile, females had a mean wing chord length of , tail length of , culmen length of and tarsus length of .
Perhaps most surprisingly, the Suzuka mountain birds were not noticeably discrepant in body mass from known weights of mainland mountain hawk-eagles, especially similar to that of the apparently larger hawk-eagles from east-central China.
The Suzuka sample as above found males to weigh from , with an average of , while females were found to weigh from , with an average of .
The full species status of Legge's hawk-eagle appears to be further supported by DNA studies, with an average difference in mitochondrial DNA of 4.3% (usually the minimum difference to differentiate species is considered to be 1.5%).
Although extremely isolated in distribution from true mountain hawk-eagles, Legge's hawk-eagle is physically distinct as well, often being much paler and less marked below with the throat stripes characteristics of the mountain species often absent (occasionally faint stripes may manifest) being instead largely plain buff about the throat.
The hand in flight on a Legge's is often plain buff in colour (or with some very faint streaking) and the banded wing feathers are rather faded.
Legge's hawk-eagle appears to be about 10% smaller than mountain hawk-eagles and was found to differ in almost all bodily proportions from mountain hawk-eagle, with relatively smaller wings but the smaller species also has a larger bill and larger talons than the mountain hawk-eagle.
Adult mountain hawk-eagles are dark brown above with slightly paler edges, which tend to be clearest on median and greater coverts.
On adults, the head is fairly rusty above with strong black streaks, though the volume of streaks tends to decrease on the neck, which in turn may suggest a rufous collar.
The malar area and throat are marked with blackish, ragged and sparse but rather bold stripes which contrast with the rest of their underside which is predominantly barred with rufous over a whitish ground colour.
The barring continues, though the white base colour narrows and the rufous becomes a somewhat browner hue, down to the crissum and the legs.
The juvenile mountain hawk-eagle is also dark brown above but usually has clear cream to whitish feather edges causing the wing coverts to have a scaled effect; meanwhile, the feather bases of median and greater coverts form tawnier mid-wing patches.
The juvenile's tail is thinly banded alternately with lighter and darker brown but usually have a whitish tip like the tail of the adult.
The underside colour also extends to the head and part of the neck flanks while the crown, cheek, nape and hind-neck all streaked with dark brown.
The markings on the underside begin to develop by the 2nd year, starting from the flanks and gradually increasing inward to the breast, but the young hawk-eagles are still quite paler below until their 3rd year, which is also when the tail starts to resemble the adults.
In flight, it is notable for its rather prominent head and relatively short rounded wings, an effect emphasized by their broad hands and bulging secondaries, which tend to pinch in at the rear bases.
They usually glide with powerful, shallow beats interspersed with glides on level wings, but soaring birds hold their wings in a shallow V, pressed slightly forward.
The wing linings of adults are a rusty similar to flank coloring, becoming paler on forepart and marked with dusky mottling which becomes darker mid-wing.
Blackish-brown bars are apparent over greyish ground colour on the secondaries, the feathers here relatively broadly barred with blackish while the primaries are whiter based and darker tipped.
Juveniles show more buff to tawny colour below extending to their wing linings while the wing-tips are black, in some cases extending to primary coverts form a vague carpal arc.
Juvenile flight feathers are whitish grey with thin and rather faded looking dusky barring, with less white showing at the base of the primaries.
Changeable adults also have streaking rather than heavy rusty barring on their underside, apart from subtle parts of wing linings and flanks, and also have narrower tail bars.
In flight, the changeable also has clear white base to their primaries and less whitish on the rump when seen from above.
Juveniles of the two species are more easily mistaken but wing proportions always differ, the mountain juveniles usually appear perceptibly bulkier and changeable juveniles (of relevant races) are generally much paler, rather than warm buffy to tawny, on the head and underparts.
The baza is somewhat similar in marking to adult mountain hawk-eagles, but the baza lacks feathered legs and has relatively much longer and differently shaped wings.
A study in Taiwan diagnosed seven call types consisting of different quality trills in Taiwan during the breeding cycle, including different calls emitted during flight or while perched and food-begging or alarm calls by nestlings.
Both the northern and southern limits of this widely found raptor are surprisingly poorly known to this day, with historic records suggesting that the species may take up residence hundreds of kilometers north of its accepted range and year-around reports of this species from areas formerly considered only to be visited by wintering migrant or vagrant hawk-eagles.
The mountain hawk-eagle is distributed through the Himalayas, extending from northeastern Pakistan through north India in at least the states of central Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, continuing into Nepal, Bhutan to northern Assam thence southward into the north and east Burmese highlands, west and peninsular Thailand, also the northern parts of Laos and probably Vietnam.
Their range continues eastward into southeastern China where they may be found in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong Province northward in the east to the lower reaches of the Yangtze in Anhui and Zhejiang.
Mountain hawk-eagles are additionally found in the island nations of Taiwan and Japan, with the highest concentration known on northern islands such Hokkaido but they may be found on nearly all the islands of Japan.
To this date, the IUCN has not updated the range maps for mountain hawk-eagles to reflect the species’ presence in these areas, although their status as continual breeders here may still need confirmation.
Through much of their range, mountain hawk-eagles are typically sedentary but both adults and young hawk-eagles sometimes also disperse in descent from higher grounds in winter and it may be characterized as a partial migrant.
With a fair amount of consistency, the hawk-eagles found in the northern part of southeast Asia range into more lowland areas of Burma, eastern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia, they are also similar movements to lowlands in Japan with some Japanese ones moving to the Korean peninsula.
In some of the areas above such as Thailand and Malaysia (mainly far northern part of country), year-around reports of mountain hawk-eagles may suggest small, isolated pockets of residency and/or breeding occurring.
Contrary to the suggestion that, based on their physiology, especially their longer wings and tarsus but shorter talon and bill length, when physically compared to the Legge's hawk-eagle implies that the mountain hawk-eagle is morphologically adapted to hunting birds more so than mammals, dietary studies indicate that the mountain hawk-eagle is not necessarily a specialized bird predator but rather a generalist and opportunist like many predators.
In fact the small handful of dietary studies of the species show that the mountain hawk-eagle somewhat prefer small mammals as prey but readily takes both birds and reptiles given the opportunity.
Mountain hawk-eagles have also been observed catching passerines on the wing by giving chase from an ambush or when the prey is flushed by flying low at the canopy level.
They will also readily take arboreal mammals and birds from a perch or roost if they're able to fly upon them in an ambush.
While most of their prey are relatively small, well within typical prey size range for most raptorial birds, mountain hawk-eagles can take remarkably large prey.
One study that reviewed 118 prey items in several nests from southern Taiwan, revealed a surprising preferred prey type for mountain hawk-eagles, giant flying squirrels.
How they capture these elusive and nocturnal rodents is not clear, but perhaps the flying squirrels’ relatively huge size makes them more conspicuous from the hawk-eagle's lofty perch.
Quantitatively, most prey deliveries by this pair were rather (almost surprisingly) small in body size, whether this is typical of Japanese hawk-eagles is not clear given the lack of comprehensive study.
About 17.5% of the nest prey deliveries were unidentified small birds, of an estimated mass of (mostly brought by the male), while 7.7% of prey deliveries were unidentified medium-sized birds, of an estimated mass of .
In Jim Corbett National Park, India, prey reportedly consisted largely of smallish or medium-sized birds (albeit probably larger than those in the above Japanese study) such as mynas, doves, parakeets, nightjars, owls and village poultry.
While most of the prey mentioned above is of relatively modest size, the mountain hawk-eagle is not infrequently reported to attack prey of quite large sizes, including prey equal to their own size or larger.
Mountain hawk-eagles have been reported to attack young ungulates but often relatively very young and small ones, probably close to a neonatal state.
Of a similarly impressive nature in size and defensive temperament are primates, of which the mountain hawk-eagle is an occasional predator.
However, a rather large portion of primate prey, such as monkeys, are taken as infants or juveniles, and most but not adults killed by them are perhaps are likely to be previously injured or sickly.
Taking even infant monkeys can be provide some risk for hunting hawk-eagles due to the protective nature of mothers as well as the overall monkey troops.
However, the mountain hawk-eagle is the largest eagle in its range to live mostly within the confines of forest habitats, thus habitat differences against other larger eagles would normally provide ample partitioning and lessen competition.
While the mountain hawk-eagle and crowned eagle do show similarities in their territorial display and primary hunting techniques, beyond being larger with proportionately larger feet and talons, the latter is significantly more prone to taking primates and to taking extremely large prey (both relative to itself and compared to other eagles).
However, usually these other forest raptors can co-exist with the larger raptor by focusing on more generalized and usually smaller prey, largely birds but also reptiles and amphibians, than the mammals seemingly preferred by the mountain hawk-eagle.
Larger owls sometimes also occur in the mountain hawk-eagles range and are a potential source of competition (excluding the fish owls, which are more restricted by diet) despite the temporal partitioning implied in their nocturnal habits.
While the golden is more a bird of open and rocky environments, the two species prey selection overlaps here (probably more so than mainland populations of the two species), with both taking Japanese hares supplemented by pheasants whenever possible, and this can cause a level of direct competition despite their different preferred habitats.
Their aerial display includes conspicuous and often noisy high circling, both single and mutual, and undulating sky dance of steep dives and climbs with bubbling call uttered at each peak.
Like many raptors, the display is likely largely to proclaim ownership to conspecifics but also probably has some function in reinforcing existing pair bonds.
The male in the pair is said to bring most of the nest materials while female is said to primarily construct the nest.
As in many accipitrids, active nests are more often than not lined with greenery, usually either green leaves or conifer sprigs.
Many nests are often near a steep-edged ravine, or alternately near a natural tree line, freshwater wetland or other environment that provides ample view of the surrounding area.
It is claimed that one egg is considered the norm in most of the range, as is invariably the case in the related changeable hawk-eagle.
The egg is pale clay-colored or reddish in colour with varied freckling of darker red or pure white, and often with blotches and spots of red at the large end.
A sample of egg sizes in the nominate subspecies showed a range of in height, with an average of while the range in diameter was , with an average of .
In another case, when the female in a pair died during nesting, the following year the male paired with another female and used a nest from the original nest.
As is typical of accipitrids, the female takes by far the primary role in brooding and protecting the young, while the male makes prey deliveries into the nest or the nearby nest vicinity.
The aggressiveness of the female may rival that of the often co-occurring spot-bellied eagle-owl and even outrival the defensive attacks on human by the more powerful African crowned eagle.
Cousins such as the Legge's and changeable hawk-eagle do not typically display any aggression or, if so, are very mild in protective behaviour towards humans while nesting.
Unlike attacks on humans by crowned eagles and northern goshawks, the attack of mountain hawk-eagle is unlikely to be deterred either by traveling in parties or counterattack.
Even when struck with branches, machetes or fist and hit with buckshot by humans, apparently the female will still not cease her attack unless killed or grievously injured.
The males may make up to two prey deliveries each day but in the area of nests around disturbed village-side forest in India seemed to have problems procuring a sufficient amount of prey.
The young may soon also be able to feed themselves but are often apparently fed by the mother well after this.
Reportedly family remains together for some time after young fly and the young eagle is fed until they can fly more strongly.
However, in estimations from the late 1990s, it was considered doubtful that the density of mountain hawk-eagle was high enough to reach 10,000 individuals, even with the now-separated Legge's hawk-eagle included at that time and all juveniles.
In particular, the increasing density of human populations in northern India, southeastern China and Japan are likely to continue to facilitate declines in forest quantity and quality.
Lead poisoning from consuming carcasses of sika deer, left there by human hunters using lead bullets, have resulted in the death of some mountain hawk-eagles.
In the 1990s, the Japanese population was estimated at 900-1,000 total individuals and may have reduced even more so today from that figure.
In 1990, the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters, the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter.
The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down, intimidated and driven out of the group.
Grant was born as Myrtle Audrey Arinsberg in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the eldest of six children of Russian Jewish parents, Rose (née Jacobson) and Alexander Arinsberg.
The film, which featured musical performances by the Cal Tjader Quintet, George Shearing, and the Del Vikings, was produced and directed by William Cowan and released in February 1958.
The other solo singers were Howard Keel, who had appeared in the 1951 film version of the show, and Anne Jeffreys.
The series earned Wilson a Golden Globe and two Emmy Awards, and at one point was the second highest rated show on network television.
Born Clerow Wilson Jr. in Jersey City, New Jersey, he was one of ten children born to Cornelia Bullock and Clerow Wilson Sr. His father worked as a handyman but, because of the Great Depression, was often out of work.
After bouncing from foster homes to reform school, 16 year-old Wilson lied about his age and joined the United States Air Force.
His outgoing personality and funny stories made him popular; he was even asked to tour military bases to cheer up other servicemen.
In this bit, Wilson retells the story of Christopher Columbus from an anachronistic urbanized viewpoint, in which Columbus convinces the Spanish monarchs to fund his voyage by noting that discovering America means that he can also discover Ray Charles.
He performed in comedy sketches and played host to many African-American entertainers, including the Supremes, the Jackson Five, the Temptations, Gladys Knight & the Pips, comedian Redd Foxx, and basketball player Bill Russell.
George Carlin was one of the show's writers, and Carlin also made frequent appearances on the show, as the two would expand Carlin's news-weather-sports satire.
After winning custody of his five children in 1979, Wilson performed less, in order to spend more time with his family.
In March of 1981, it was reported that Wilson was arrested at the Los Angeles International airport with $1,000 of cocaine.
Dolores del Río (; born María de los Dolores Asúnsolo López-Negrete; 3 August 1905 – 11 April 1983) was a Mexican actress of film, television, and theater.
With a career spanning more than 50 years, she is regarded as the first major female Latin American crossover star in Hollywood, with an outstanding career in American films in the 1920s and 1930s.
She was also considered one of the most important female figures in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s.
With the advent of sound, she acted in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas, musical comedies and romantic dramas.
In the early 1940s, when her Hollywood career began to decline, del Río returned to Mexico and joined the Mexican film industry, which at that time was at its peak.
When del Río returned to her native country, she became one of the more important stars of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.
From the late 1950s until the early 1970s she also successfully ventured into theater in Mexico and appeared in some American television series.
Del Río is considered a mythical figure of cinema in Latin America and a quintessential representation of the female face of Mexico in the entire world.
María de los Dolores Asúnsolo y López-Negrete was born in Durango City, Mexico on 3 August 1904, the daughter of Jesus Leonardo Asúnsolo Jacques, son of wealthy farmers and director of the Bank of Durango, and Antonia López-Negrete, belonging to one of the richest families in the country, whose lineage went back to Spain and the viceregal nobility.
Her parents were members of the Mexican aristocracy that existed during the Porfiriato (period in the history of Mexico when the dictator Porfirio Díaz was the president).
Dolores's father decided to escape to the United States, while she and her mother fled to Mexico City in a train, disguised as peasants.
In 1912, the Asúnsolo family reunited in Mexico City and lived under the protection of then-president Francisco I. Madero, who was a cousin of Antonia.
In 1919, a then 15-year-old Dolores saw a performance of the Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, whose interpretation influenced her to become a dancer.
Her mother commissioned the renowned painter Alfredo Ramos Martínez (famous painter of the Mexican aristocracy) to paint a portrait of her daughter.
In 1921, aged 17, Dolores was invited by a group of Mexican women to dance in a party to benefit a local hospital.
Unfortunately, she suffered a miscarriage and her doctor informed her that she should never again become pregnant, at risk of losing her life.
In early 1925, Dolores met the American filmmaker Edwin Carewe, an influential director at the First National studio, who was in Mexico for the wedding of actors Bert Lytell and Claire Windsor.
Breaking with all the canons of Mexican society at that time and against their family's wishes, they journeyed by train to the United States.
Carewe arranged for wide publicity for her with the intention of transforming her into a star of the order of Rudolph Valentino.
In the film del Río plays the role of Carlotta De Silva, a vamp of Spanish-Brazilian origin, but she appeared for only five minutes.
The film was a commercial success, becoming the second highest-grossing title of the year, grossing nearly $2 million in the United States alone.
That same year, thanks to the remarkable progress in her career, she was selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1926, along with fellow newcomers Joan Crawford, Mary Astor, Janet Gaynor, Fay Wray and others.
The success of the film was helped by the same name musical theme, written by L. Wolfe Gilbert and recorded by del Río.
In Mexico she had been the wife of Jaime Martinez del Rio, but in Hollywood Jaime became husband of a movie star.
As if this were not enough, Del Río had to suffer incessant harassment from her discoverer, Edwin Carewe, who did not cease in his attempt to conquer her.
In 1930, del Río met Cedric Gibbons, an art director at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and one of the most influential men in Hollywood, at a party at Hearst Castle.
They organized 'Sunday brunches' in their fabulous Art Deco mansion, considered one of the most modern and elegant in the high circles of Hollywood.
This film was made before the Production Code was strictly enforced, so some degree of nudity in American movies was not unknown.
Dieterle focused on her beauty with the help of an extraordinary cloakroom designed by Orry Kelly (considered one of the most beautiful and expensive at the time).
The film was directed by Sergei Eisenstein, and was accused of promoting Communism in California with nationalist sentiment and socialist overtones.
It was the first time that del Río was accused of being a communist in the United States, a circumstance that would eventually have consequences in her career in the American film industry.
But despite his position at the studio, Gibbons could never help his wife in his place of work, where the leading figures were Greta Garbo, Norma Shearer, Joan Crawford and Jean Harlow.
Studio executives admired del Río's beauty, but her career did not interest them at a time when Latin stars had few opportunities to shine at the studio.
The list was submitted to Los Angeles newspapers by an independent movie theater whose point was that these stars' high salaries and public prominence did not counteract the low ticket sales for their movies.
Amid the decline of her career, in 1940 Dolores met actor and filmmaker Orson Welles at a party organized by Darryl Zanuck.
While looking for ways to resume her career, del Río accompanied Orson Welles in his shows across the United States, radio and performances at the Mercury Theatre.
The film, considered a masterpiece today, caused a media scandal by directing open criticism against the media magnate William Randolph Hearst, who began to boycott Welles's projects.
Nelson Rockefeller, in charge of the Good Neighbor policy (and also associated with RKO through his family investments), hired Welles to visit South America as an ambassador of goodwill to counter fascist propaganda about Americans.
Welles, involved in filming the carnival in Rio de Janeiro, behaved promiscuously, and the news came soon to the United States.
She had been sought by Mexican film directors since the late 1930s, but economic circumstances were not favorable for the entry of del Río to the Mexican cinema.
She was a friend of Mexican artists (such as Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo), and maintained ties with Mexican society and cinema.
The film gathers a successful film crew consisting of Fernandez, the cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa, the screenwriter Mauricio Magdaleno and del Río and Pedro Armendariz as the stars.
He was anxious because he was in love with del Río and could not afford to buy her a birthday present.
Del Río was fascinated by playing a different character which also involved her in daring scenes with the Mexican actor Arturo de Córdova.
Riley was known in the middle of Hollywood cinema in the forties for being a member of the Hollywood Canteen, an organization created by movie stars to support relief efforts in World War II.
Her portrayal of an overprotective mother with a mental instability attracted critical acclaim and she was honored with her third Silver Ariel Award.
The document signed by her cheering for world peace, as well as her links with figures openly communist (as Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo were) and her past relationship with Orson Welles, had been interpreted in the United States as sympathy with communism.
Del Río debuted successfully at the theater on the Falmouth Playhouse in Massachusetts on July 6, 1956 and to continue with a tour of seven other theaters throughout New England.
The meeting of the two actresses, considered the main female stars of Mexican cinema, was a success at the box office.
She toured Mexico in the play, an enterprise that was both financially and critically successful, and she later took it to Buenos Aires.
In the late 1950s, she became a main promoter of the Acapulco International Film Review, serving as host on numerous occasions.
In 1966, del Río was co-founder of the Society for the Protection of the Artistic Treasures of Mexico with the philanthropist Felipe García Beraza.
In her work in supporting children she became a spokeswoman of the UNICEF in Latin America and records a series of television commercials for the organization.
In 1978 the Mexican American Institute of Cultural Relations and the White House gave Dolores a diploma and a silver plaque for her work in cinema as a cultural ambassador of Mexico in the United States.
At the age of 76, del Río appeared on the stage of the Palace of Fine Arts theater the evening of October 11, 1981 for a tribute at the 25th San Francisco International Film Festival.
In 1982, she was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film.
She also felt strongly about being able to play Mexican roles and bemoaned the fact that she was not cast in them.
According to filmmaker Josef von Sternberg, stars such as del Río, Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard and Rita Hayworth helped him to define his concept of the glamour in Hollywood.
Regardless of her marriages at different times in her life, she was romantically linked with actor Errol Flynn, filmmaker John Farrow, writer Erich Maria Remarque, film producer Archibaldo Burns, and actor Tito Junco.
He said that he had appeared as an extra in several films of Dolores in Hollywood just to be near her.
Both homes became a meeting point for personalities like Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, María Felix, Merle Oberon, John Wayne, Edgar Neville, Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan, Nelson Rockefeller, the Duke of Windsor and Wallis Simpson, Princess Soraya of Iran and more.
Velez was popular, had many friends and surrendered fans, but never attended the social circle in Hollywood, where del Río was accepted without reservations.
In 1978, she was diagnosed with osteomyelitis, and in 1981 she was diagnosed with hepatitis B following a contaminated injection of vitamins.
After dying, she was cremated and her ashes were moved from the United States to Mexico where they were buried at the Panteón de Dolores in Mexico City, Mexico, specifically on The Rotunda of Illustrious Persons.
From a young age, del Río had the intelligence to know how to surround herself with personalities of the intellectual environment.
The Hollywood myth placed del Río in another area, as she became one of the women related to the renaissance of Mexican culture and customs.
The face of Dolores del Río was also the object of veneration for many artists who shaped her image on their canvases.
In 1916, when del Río was 11 years old, she was first portrayed by Alfredo Ramos Martínez, a very popular artist among Mexican high society.
Other artists who recorded her image in her paintings were Miguel Covarrubias, Rosa Rolanda, Antonieta Figueroa, Frances Gauner Goshman, Adolfo Best Maugard and John Carroll.
In her will, del Río stipulated that all her artworks were donated to the National Institute of Fine Arts and Literature of Mexico, for display in various museums in Mexico City, including the National Museum of Art, the Museum of Art Carillo Gil and the Home-Studio of Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo.
Carlos Monsiváis and Jorge Ayala Blanco also made her a tribute book on the occasion of the Ibero-American Film Festival of Huelva, in 1983.
After her death, her photo archive was given to the Center for the Study of History of Mexico CARSO by Lewis Riley.
They are the Indigenous people of the Saint John River valley and its tributaries, and their territory extends across the current borders of New Brunswick and Quebec in Canada, and parts of Maine in the United States.
Maliseets are forest, river and coastal people within their 20,000,000 acre, 200 mile wide, and 600 mile long Saint John river watershed homeland.
Their lands and resources are bounded on the east by the Mi'kmaw people, on the west by the Penobscot people, and on the south by the Passamaquoddy people, who also still speak related Algonquian languages.
The Europeans met the Mi'kmaw people before the Wəlastəkwewiyik, and adopted Malesse'jik as Malécite in French for the people, not understanding that it was not their true name.
At the time of European encounter, the Wəlastəkwewiyik were living in walled villages and practicing horticulture (corn, beans, squash and tobacco).
Written accounts in the early 17th century, such as those of Samuel de Champlain and Marc LesCarbot, refer to a large Malécite village at the mouth of the Saint John River.
Later in the century, sources indicate their headquarters had shifted upriver to Meductic, on the middle reaches of the Saint John River.
Local histories depict many encounters with the Iroquois, five powerful nations based south and east of the Great Lakes, and the Innu.
Contact with European fisher-traders in the early 17th century and with specialized fur traders developed into a stable relationship which lasted for nearly 100 years.
Despite devastating population losses to European infectious diseases, to which they had no immunity, these Atlantic First Nations held on to their traditional coastal or river locations for hunting, fishing and gathering, and were concentrated along river valleys for trapping.
As both the French and English increased the number of their settlers in North America, their competition grew for control of the fur trade and physical territory.
The lucrative eastern fur trade faltered with the general unrest, as French and English hostilities concentrated in the region between Québec and Port-Royal.
In this period, Malécite women took over a larger share of the economic burden and began to farm, raising crops which previously had been grown only south of Malécite territory.
For a short period during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Malécite warriors were engaged frequently in armed conflict, becoming virtually a military organization.
With the gradual cessation of hostilities in the first quarter of the 18th century, and with the beaver supply severely diminished, fur trading declined.
All the while, the land was becoming well known to wealthy elites, who took advantage of the quality hunting and sport-fishing spots scattered throughout the province.
They took all the farmland along the Saint John River, which was previously occupied by the Maliseet, displacing many Aboriginal people from more than a million and a half acres of prime land.
They had made changes during the previous two centuries while acquiring European metal cutting tools and containers, muskets and alcohol, foods and clothing.
The Europeans developed potato farming in Maine and New Brunswick, which created a new market and demand for Maliseet baskets and containers.
With evidence that many Maliseet suffered widespread hunger and were wandering, government officials established the first Indian reserves at The Brothers, Oromocto, Fredericton, Kingsclear, Woodstock, Tobique, Madawaska (pre-1800s), and Cacouna.
The Maliseet of New Brunswick struggled with problems of unemployment and poverty common to Indigenous people elsewhere in Canada, but they have evolved a sophisticated system of decision making and resource allocation, especially at Tobique.
Some are successful in middle and higher education and have important trade and professional standings; individuals and families are prominent in Indigenous and women's rights; and others serve in provincial and federal native organizations, in government and in community development.
As transcribed by Curtis, the love song demonstrates a meter cycle of seven bars and switches between major and minor tonality.
Many other songs were recorded by anthropologist William H. Mechling, whose wax cylinder recordings of Maliseet songs are held by the Canadian Museum of History.
Many of these songs were lost to the community, as the pressures to assimilate into mainstream Canadian culture led the Maliseet people to stop passing their songs on to youth; in the 2010s, however, Maliseet musician Jeremy Dutcher undertook a project of listening to the wax cylinder recordings and reviving the songs.
Today, within New Brunswick, there are approximately 7,700 Maliseet with status in the Madawaska, Tobique, Woodstock, Kingsclear, Saint Mary's and Oromocto First Nations.
The Brothers is a reserve made up of two islands in the Kennebecasis River; they are uninhabited but available for hunting and fishing.
About 650 native speakers of Maliseet remain, and about 500 of Passamaquoddy, living on both sides of the border between New Brunswick and Maine.
An active program of scholarship on the Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language takes place at the Mi'kmaq - Maliseet Institute at the University of New Brunswick, in collaboration with the native speakers.
The Houlton Band of Maliseet was invited to take a nonvoting seat in the Maine Legislature, starting with the 126th Legislature in 2013.
Surnames associated with Maliseet ancestry include: Denis, Sabattis, Gabriel, Saulis, Atwin, Launière, Athanase, Nicholas, Brière, Bear, Ginnish, Solis, Vaillancourt, Wallace, Paul, Polchies, Tomah, Sappier, Perley, Aubin, Francis, Sacobie, Nash, Meuse.
Gaucher's disease or Gaucher disease () (GD) is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid, also known as glucosylceramide) accumulates in cells and certain organs.
The disorder is characterized by bruising, fatigue, anemia, low blood platelet count and enlargement of the liver and spleen, and is caused by a hereditary deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (also known as glucosylceramidase), which acts on glucocerebroside.
Manifestations may include enlarged spleen and liver, liver malfunction, skeletal disorders or bone lesions that may be painful, severe neurological complications, swelling of lymph nodes and (occasionally) adjacent joints, distended abdomen, a brownish tint to the skin, anemia, low blood platelet count, and yellow fatty deposits on the white of the eye (sclera).
The disease is caused by a recessive mutation in the GBA gene located on chromosome 1 and affects both males and females.
If both parents are carriers, the chance of the disease is one in four, or 25%, with each pregnancy for an affected child.
The disease is caused by a defect in housekeeping gene for lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (also known as beta-glucosidase, , ) on the first chromosome (1q22).
The enzyme is a 55.6-kilodalton, 497-amino acid-long protein that catalyses the breakdown of glucocerebroside, a cell membrane constituent of red and white blood cells.
The macrophages that clear these cells are unable to eliminate the waste product, which accumulates in fibrils, and turn into 'Gaucher cells', which appear on light microscopy to resemble crumpled-up paper.
Although there is some correlation between genotype and phenotype, neither the amount of stored lipids, nor the residual enzyme activity correlates well with disease symptoms.
Heterozygotes for particular acid beta-glucosidase mutations carry about a five-fold risk of developing Parkinson's disease, making this the most common known genetic risk factor for Parkinson's.
However, sphingolipids are known to participate in inflammation and apoptosis, and markers of macrophage activation are elevated in people with Gaucher disease.
These markers include angiotensin-converting enzyme, cathepsin S, chitotriosidase, and CCL18 in the blood plasma; and tumor necrosis factor alpha in splenic Gaucher cells (engorged macrophages).
Patients in this group usually bruise easily (due to low levels of platelets) and experience fatigue due to low numbers of red blood cells.
GD type II (acute infantile neuropathic) typically begins within 6 months of birth and has an incidence rate around one 1 in 100,000 live births.
Symptoms include an enlarged liver and spleen, extensive and progressive brain damage, eye movement disorders, spasticity, seizures, limb rigidity, and a poor ability to suck and swallow.
GD type III (chronic neuropathic) can begin at any time in childhood or even in adulthood, and occurs in about one in 100,000 live births.
Major symptoms include an enlarged spleen and/or liver, seizures, poor coordination, skeletal irregularities, eye movement disorders, blood disorders including anemia, and respiratory problems.
For those with type-I and most type-III, enzyme replacement treatment with intravenous recombinant glucocerebrosidase can decrease liver and spleen size, reduce skeletal abnormalities, and reverse other manifestations.
The rarity of the disease means dose-finding studies have been difficult to conduct, so controversy remains over the optimal dose and dosing frequency.
Due to the low incidence, this has become an orphan drug in many countries, meaning a government recognizes and accommodates the financial constraints that limit research into drugs that address a small population.
The first drug for Gaucher's was alglucerase (Ceredase), which was a version of glucocerebrosidase that was harvested from human placental tissue and then modified with enzymes.
Around one in 100 people in the general US population is a carrier for type I Gaucher's disease, giving a prevalence of one in 40,000.
Type III Gaucher's disease is especially common in the population of the northern Swedish region of Norrbotten, where the incidence of the disease is one in 50,000.
The disease was first recognized by the French doctor Philippe Gaucher, who originally described it in 1882 and lent his name to the condition.
The neuronal damage associated with the disease was discovered in the 1920s, and the biochemical basis for the disease was elucidated in the 1960s by Roscoe Brady.
John Russell RA (29 March 1745 – 20 April 1806) was an English painter renowned for his portrait work in oils and pastels, and as a writer and teacher of painting techniques.
Russell was born in Guildford, Surrey, the son of John Russell Snr., book and print seller and five times mayor of the town; his father was something of an artist, and drew and published two views of Guildford.
At the age of 19 he converted to Methodism, which was the cause of tension with his family and with his teacher; he made no secret of his strong evangelical leanings and would attempt to preach and convert at every opportunity.
He was introduced to Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, who unsuccessfully attempted to persuade him to give up painting and attend her Methodist ministers' training college at Trevecca in Wales.
On 5 February 1770, he married Hannah Faden, daughter of a Charing Cross print and map seller, whom he had converted.
He exhibited at the Society of Artists of Great Britain in 1768 and showed 330 works at the Academy between 1769 until and his death.
In 1770, Russell painted Methodist minister, George Whitefield (engraved by James Watson) and the future philanthropist, William Wilberforce, then only eleven years old.
In 1771, he exhibited a portrait in oils of Charles Wesley at the Royal Academy and, in 1772, painted Selina, Countess of Huntingdon in pastel.
This was a symbolic picture, and was lost on its voyage out; but it was engraved, and he later also painted her in oils.
In 1788, after a long wait, Russell was elected a royal academician, in the same year painting a portrait of the naturalist Sir Joseph Banks.
The results obviously pleased the monarch as, in 1790, he was appointed Crayon (pastel) Painter to King George III, Queen Charlotte, the Prince of Wales (both of whom Russell also painted) and the Duke of York.
He began an elaborate introspective diary in John Byrom's shorthand in 1766 and continued it to the time of his death.
Though his religion appears to have become less militant after his marriage, his diary bears witness to his anxiety with regard to his spiritual welfare.
He was on good terms with Sir Joshua Reynolds, with whom he dined at the academy, the Dilettanti Society, and the Literary Club (now The Club), but he records that on these or other festive occasions he always left early.
He was troubled by ill-health for much of his life, and in 1803 became almost deaf following a bout of cholera.
Russell's work can be viewed at many galleries in the UK and around the world, but the largest collection is held by Guildford House Art Gallery in Guildford.
Russell was interested in astronomy and made, with the assistance of his daughter, a lunar map, which he engraved on two plates which formed a globe showing the visible surface of the Moon – it took twenty years to finish.
Some of his best portraits were of the era's acclaimed scientists, such as his friend William Herschel, who he depicted holding a stellar chart showing his discovery of Uranus.
Of his twelve children (of which four died in infancy), William Russell (1780–1870), exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy from 1805 to 1809.
In parallel, growing prosperity encouraged a rapid rise of a new working class of Southern and Eastern European immigrants who contributed to the growth of trade unionism, anarchism, and socialism.
In the post-World War I period, Brazil saw its first wave of general strikes and the establishment of the Communist Party in 1922.
A new class of army junior officers () had emerged who were trained to European standards and believed themselves superior to their senior officers.
In contrast, despite a wave of general strikes in the post-war years, the labour movement remained small and weak, lacking ties to the peasantry, who constituted the overwhelming majority of the Brazilian population.
Sparked initially by the punishment and brief imprisonment of Marshal Hermes da Fonseca by President Epitácio Pessoa, the tenentes were demanding various forms of social modernization, calling for agrarian reform, the formation of co-operatives, and the nationalization of mines.
A group known subsequently as the 18 of the Copacabana Fort revolt were led down Avenida Atlântica by Antônio de Siqueira Campos and Eduardo Gomes to confront the army loyalists; the eighteen made a last stand on the beach, where sixteen were killed and two, Gomes and de Siqueira Campos, survived.
In the aftermath, the government imposed a state of emergency, 1,000 cadets were expelled from the army school and many officers posted to remote garrisons.
The revolt was motivated by the discontent of the military with the economic crisis and the concentration of power at the hands of politicians from São Paulo and Minas Gerais.
Commanded by retired General Isidoro Dias Lopes, with the participation of several lieutenants, the main objective of the uprising was to depose President Artur Bernardes (considered enemy of the military since the crisis of the false letters).
Raised in the capital of São Paulo on July 5, 1924 (the 2nd anniversary of the 18 Revolt of the Copacabana Fortress, the first tenentista revolt), the revolt occupied the city for 23 days, forcing the president of the state, Carlos de Campos, to flee to the city.
district of the Penha, in the east zone of São Paulo, on July 9, after having been bombarded the Palace of the Champs Elysées, seat of the São Paulo government at that time.
Carlos de Campos was installed in an adapted car at the Guaiaúna station in Central Brazil, where the federal troops were from Mogi das Cruzes.
Without military equivalent (artillery or aviation) to confront legalistic troops, the rebels retired to Bauru in the early hours of July 28, where Isidoro Dias Lopes heard news that the legalist army was concentrated in the city of Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul.
Overthrown, the rioters then marched south to Brazil, where, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, in Paraná, they joined Gaucho officers led by Luís Carlos Prestes, in what became the greatest guerrilla feat in Brazil until then: the Prestes Column.
Two years later, on 5 July 1924, another group of army officers mounted a rebellion in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul.
The formal leader was retired General Isidoro Dias Lopes, with others including Eduardo Gomes, Newton Estillac Leal, João Cabanas and Miguel Costa.
The rebellion began well, with control of São Paulo being secured after the governor and forces loyal to him abandoned the city early on 9 July.
The rebels in the city were put under siege by government forces, and prevented from linking up with other uprisings which were breaking out in places such as Bela Vista, Mato Grosso, Aracaju, Sergipe and Manaus.
On 26 July, army aircraft dropped leaflets over the city warning the remaining civilians to leave so that loyalist forces would have a free hand against the rebels.
However, with their route to Mato Grosso blocked, the rebels retired to an area bordering Argentina and Paraguay close to Foz do Iguaçu.
Having escaped into the interior, and joined by others from Rio Grande do Sul, they began a campaign as a guerrilla force led by Luís Carlos Prestes and Miguel Costa.
The idea was not to defeat the forces sent against them, much less the old objective of seizing power in Rio de Janeiro: the objective now was to stay alive, keep the column moving and seemingly invincible.
The actions and ideas that grew out of the revolts inspired other individuals, such as Getúlio Vargas, to lead the 1930 revolution against the Brazilian Government and bring down the Old Republic.
Prime7 along with GWN7 national broadcast facilities are based in Canberra, with playout facilities located at MediaHub (within the Sydney suburb of Ingleburn) Australia.
Albury launched on 7 September 1964 while RVN-2 Wagga Wagga began broadcasting on 19 June 1964, and MTN-9 Griffith began on 15 December 1965.
The two stations merged in 1971 as the Riverina and North East Victoria Television Service Pty Ltd with the callsign RVN/AMV on air.
In northern New South Wales, NEN-9 Tamworth began transmission on 27 September 1965, with a relay in Armidale (NEN-1, later NEN-10) on 15 July 1966.
As a result of the financial difficulties that many independent stations faced, MTN-9 joined CWN-6 and CBN-8 to form Television 6-8-9 in 1973.
Colour television was introduced at the same time as the rest of the country, on 1 March 1975 – one of the single most expensive processes undertaken by CBN to date.
Transmission problems meant that aggregation in southern New South Wales took place in two stages – first the Australian Capital Territory and NSW south coast on 31 March 1989, followed by Orange, Dubbo, and Wagga Wagga on 31 December 1989.
Griffith remained a one-station market, however instead of taking programming from Prime in line with the network's other stations, MTN-9 relayed programming mainly from WIN Television in southern New South Wales.
Soon after the station was purchased by WIN Television, which undertook a number of minor changes – mainly changing the news service to WIN News, and using entirely WIN branding.
Similarly, the Mildura licence area remained separate from the remainder of Victoria, albeit with a single station, STV-8, later bought out by WIN Television in 1996.
Although advertising revenue increased post-aggregation, local programming declined as a result of the costs incurred by the network's expansion – an estimated $45 million had been spent by Ramcorp during and in the lead-up to aggregation.
Starting in the early 90s, the first watermark consisted of the Prime text from the network's former circle logo, and was located at the top right of the screen.
The watermark was updated in 2001 to coincide with Prime's new logo, still shown at the top right of the screen.
In November 1996, Prime's parent company, Prime Television Limited, purchased the Golden West Network, a merged group of four stations in regional Western Australia; BTW-3 Bunbury, VEW-8 Kalgoorlie, GTW-11 Geraldton and GSW-9 Albany.
Western Australia, similar to Griffith and Mildura, remained a one-station commercial market until 1999 when GWN became a Seven Network affiliate, after WIN Television began transmission as an affiliate of both the Nine Network and Network Ten.
The network began to expand into New Zealand in 1997, when a number of licences were purchased from United Christian Broadcasters for an estimated $3.6 million.
Prime Television New Zealand began broadcasting on 30 August 1998, with a nightly local news program in both Waikato and Christchurch.
During the same year, Prime benefited greatly from its affiliation with the Seven Network throughout its carriage of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Local news bulletins for Newcastle, the Gold Coast, Canberra, and Wollongong were axed in 2001 due to falling ratings and the anticipated costs of the switch to digital television.
This, and the closure of a number of news bulletins by Southern Cross Broadcasting, prompted the Australian Broadcasting Authority to investigate the adequacy of regional news services The ABA later mandated that stations broadcast a minimum level of local content, based on a points systemtwo points per minute for local news, and one point per minute for other local content, excluding paid advertisements.
Prime formed a partnership with the Nine Network (affiliated in Australia to competitor WIN Television), giving its owner, PBL Media the option to purchase a 50% share of Prime Television New Zealand in return for access to original programming, and cross-promotion in PBL's New Zealand magazine titles.
In November 2005, Prime Television New Zealand was purchased by subscription television provider SKY Network Television for $NZ30 million, completed after approval by New Zealand's Commerce Commission in February 2006.
Mildura Digital Television, a digital-only station in Mildura began transmissions in 2006 as a joint venture between Prime Television Limited and WIN Corporation.
On 15 January 2011, Prime Media Group reported that Prime and GWN were set to rebrand as Prime7 and GWN7 respectively.
Network officials noted that its existing Canberra facilities cannot be upgraded with technological advancements, causing Prime7 to be incapable of relaunching its HD simulcast as well as introducing 7flix to its viewers.
On 3 August 2017, 18 months after launching in metropolitan areas, Prime7 announced that it would carry 7flix to its regional stations in northern and southern New South Wales, regional Victoria and Mildura.
Prime's programming schedule is almost identical to those of Seven Network metropolitan counterparts ATN in Sydney and HSV in Melbourne, with some differences.
Prime7's overnight schedule also differs from the Seven Network feed, containing infomercials from Danoz Direct, Home Shopping, and a feed from pay television channel Expo.
Past programming from Prime Television has been recognised nationally, with some local productions winning the Logie Award for 'Outstanding Contribution by a Regional Television Station'.
Prime7 is viewed mainly through free-to-air terrestrial transmitters, although subscription cable also provided by TransACT and Neighbourhood Cable in the Australian Capital Territory and Ballarat, respectively.
Prime7 broadcasts to southern New South Wales through stations based in Orange and Dubbo, northern New South Wales from stations in Tamworth and Taree, Victoria from its Albury-Wodonga-based station AMV, and Mildura via PTV.
The channel broadcast breakaway programming from 10 December 2007 until 4 October 2009, when it was turned into a straight HD simulcast.
This logo was used on its own across the network until 1996, when a new circular logo was introduced in 1990.
Following a decade in use, 2001 saw the launch of a new simplified yellow logo, with the removal of the circle.
The I-SPY books are spotters' guides written for British children, and particularly successful in the 1950s and 1960s in their original form and again when relaunched by Michelin in 2009 after a seven-year gap in publishing.
The I-SPY books are a series of around forty small volumes that have sold hundreds of thousands of copies each, totalling sales of 25 million worldwide by 2010.
As children spot the objects listed, they record the event in the book and gain points, varying according to how unusual the sight.
In the early years of the series, completed books could be sent to Charles Warrell, (known as Big Chief I-SPY) for a feather and order of merit.
The children participating in the game were known as The I-SPY Tribe, and by 1953 the I-SPY Tribe had half a million members.
The original Big Chief I-Spy was Charles Warrell, a former head master who created I-Spy towards the end of his working life.
He died in 1993, and is commemorated by a stone plaque placed on the outside of the Boatmen's Rooms, the house where he spent some of his last years in Deal, Kent.
The books have had various publishers over the years including the Dickens Press, a company set up to continue the book publishing interests of the 'News Chronicle', and Polystyle Publications, a publisher of children's comics.
In the 1980s, following a short-lived third Big Chief, Robin Tucek, David Bellamy replaced Big Chief I-Spy as the person to whom completed books were sent, and the earlier Red Indian connections were quietly dropped.
Michelin Travel Publications acquired and published the series from 1991 until 2002 when they effectively ceased publication, there were ad-hoc sales after that date to clear stocks.
I-Spy books were relaunched by Michelin Travel Publications on Monday 7 December 2009, with 12 new titles and a further 12 in Spring 2010.
The Bookseller announced the new launch in its 9 October 2009 issue with an interview with Michelin Commercial Director Ian Murray.
Mr Murray confirmed that the initial 12 titles will include I Spy Birds, Cars, Trees, On a Car Journey and On a Train Journey.
The relaunch of the books and subsequent multiple expansions of the title list suggested that their popularity is being enjoyed by a new generation of children.
These followed the same basic format as the early spotter books, as well as keeping the concept of a Big Chief I-Spy, but were issued in a more standard ‘portrait’ format 4” by 5” (13cm by 10cm).
The Daily Mail dropped their involvement after the previous spotterbook series, and the new look books were launched in conjunction with The News Chronicle newspaper around 1951.
The News Chronicle was taken over by The Daily Mail in 1960 and closed, but the I-SPY books were by now so popular that The Daily Mail decided to re-associate themselves with the publication once more.
The covers were redesigned to remove the News Chronicle name but The Daily Mail logo was only seen inside the books.
A companion range of 1/- books, the I-Spy Colour Series was the same size and actually had the same number of pages as their 6d cousins, but used better, thicker quality paper and some inside pages in full colour.
Launched probably in 1952 with the first two titles, the colour series issued two new titles each year for a while.
The colour books were all natural history subjects and the aim seems to have been to emulate similar but more expensive offerings from publishers like Ladybird and Observers.
Eight titles were issued with the News Chronicle name, and only with the last did they move into more familiar I-Spy territory with In The Garden.
Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Loutraki-Perachora-Agioi Theodoroi, of which it is a municipal unit.
Agioi Theodoroi is located around 12 km east of Corinth and about 63 km W of Athens in the easternmost part of Corinthia.
The west is bounded by the massive Corinth Refinery which is the country's largest industrial complex operated by Motor Oil Hellas with the Kalamaki hills and mountains dominating the northern part, and the Attica boundary with Kineta to its east.
The first version is that it got its name because of the onion production and the second version is that it got its name from the son of Poseidon Krommo.
The area was known from the legend of Faias, the fearsome boar that the legendary hero Theseus killed on his way from Trizina to Athens.
An important finding is also a small circular area which has not been determined whether it was a worship place or a small orchestra theater.
Agioi Theodoroi is served by motorway 8 (Athens - Corinth - Patras) and a rail station of Proastiakos suburban railway connecting it directly to the city of Athens, to the Athens International Airport and Corinth.
He was once president of the Inter-American Development Bank, an international institution dedicated to furthering economic development in the Western Hemisphere through investment and policy formulation.
He was appointed as Special Adviser for Venezuela to Federica Mogherini, the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission, on 28 May 2019.
By university, Iglesias had established an interest in government and economics; in 1953, he graduated from Uruguay's Universidad de la República with a degree in economics and business administration.
After graduation, he went on to private-sector banking, which led to a long term as the president of Uruguay's Central Bank.
During Iglesias's first and second terms as president, the IDB concluded negotiations for its Seventh (1989) and Eighth (1994) General Increase in Resources.
He is also a member of the Fondation Chirac's honour committee, ever since the foundation was launched in 2008 by former French president Jacques Chirac in order to promote world peace.
The subject is especially delicate since many of the indigenous people in question have little contact with the developed world and do not possess the antibodies to contagious diseases brought by outsiders.
Later in 2005 he became secretary-general of the Ibero-American General Secretariat, a new organization to facilitate cooperation between Latin America, Spain, and Portugal.
Enrique Igleasias is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law.
It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.
It is located at latitude 49°48' N, longitude 27°34' E and is situated at an altitude of 742.5 feet (225 m).
Ostropol was an important Jewish center in the 17th century and was mentioned in many contemporary texts including the birthplace of the noted Rabbi, Kabbalist and martyr Samson ben Pesah Ostropoli.
Its Jewish population was wiped out along with that of Starokonstantinov by the Nazis in 1942 before being liberated by the Red Army in 1945.
The mansion was built as the Newport summer home of Cornelius Vanderbilt II, a member of the wealthy United States Vanderbilt family, in an architectural style based on the Italian Renaissance.
It was designed by renowned architect Richard Morris Hunt with interior decoration by Jules Allard and Sons and Ogden Codman, Jr.
The Ochre Point Avenue entrance is marked by sculpted iron gates, and the walkway gates are part of a limestone-and-iron fence that borders the property on all but the ocean side.
The footprint of the house covers approximately or 43,000 square feet of the estate on the cliffs overlooking the Atlantic Ocean.
The previous mansion on the property was owned by Pierre Lorillard IV; it burned on November 25, 1892 and Vanderbilt commissioned famed architect Richard Morris Hunt to rebuild it in splendor.
Vanderbilt insisted that the building be made as fireproof as possible, so the structure of the building used steel trusses and no wooden parts.
The designers created an interior using marble imported from Italy and Africa, and rare woods and mosaics from countries around the world.
Vanderbilt died from a cerebral hemorrhage caused by a stroke in 1899 at age 55, leaving The Breakers to his wife Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt.
She left The Breakers to her youngest daughter Countess Gladys Széchenyi (1886–1965), essentially because Gladys lacked American property; in addition, none of her other children were interested in the property, while Gladys had always loved the estate.
The Preservation Society bought The Breakers and approximately 90% of its furnishings in 1972 for $365,000 ($ million today) from Countess Sylvia Szapary, Gladys' daughter, although the agreement granted her life tenancy.
Upon her death in 1998, The Preservation Society agreed to allow the family to continue to live on the third floor, which is not open to the public.
The trees of The Breakers' grounds act as screens that increase the sense of distance between The Breakers and its Newport neighbors.
Informal plantings of arbor vitae, taxus, Chinese juniper, and dwarf hemlock provide attractive foregrounds for the walls that enclose the formally landscaped terrace.
Bowditch's original pattern for the south parterre garden was determined from old photographs and laid out in pink and white alyssum and blue ageratum.
The wide borders paralleling the wrought iron fence are planted with rhododendron, mountain laurel, dogwoods, and many other flowering shrubs that effectively screen the grounds from street traffic and give visitors a feeling of seclusion.
Using ceilings nearly high, Richard Morris Hunt created two separate third floors to allow a mass aggregation of servant bed chambers.
Flat-roofed French classical houses built in the area at the time allowed a concealed wing for staff, whereas the Breakers' design did not permit this feature.
One smaller cistern supplied hydraulic pressure for the 1895 Otis elevator, still functioning in the house even though the house was wired for electricity in 1933.
Originally installed in the Vanderbilts' 1 West 57th Street (New York City) townhouse dining room, the skylight was removed in 1894 during an expansion of the house.
The Breakers is also a definitive expression of Beaux-Arts architecture in American domestic design by one of the country's most influential architects Richard Morris Hunt.
The Breakers was Hunt's final project; it is also one of his few surviving works and is valuable for its rarity as well as its architectural excellence.
A debate developed when The Preservation Society of Newport County made plans to build a new welcome center within the property's garden.
On January 9, 2017, the Rhode Island Supreme Court ruled that the Newport Zoning Board of Review was the correct body to determine the permissibility of the project.
Roman Catholics do not allow their stacks to be re-sleeved after death, as they believe that the soul goes to Heaven when they die, and so would not pass on to the new sleeve.
This proposition reverses precedent and would allow authorities to temporarily re-sleeve a deceased Catholic woman to testify in a murder trial.
While most people can afford to get resleeved at the end of their lives, they are unable to update their bodies and most go through the full aging process each time, which discourages most from resleeving more than once or twice.
Their consciousness is preserved and stored virtually, sometimes for decades, while their body is sold to the highest bidder to be used for re-sleeving another person.
Kawahara and Miriam had Bancroft drugged; out of his mind, he killed a prostitute and then killed himself in order to erase the memory out of guilt and self-preservation.
Irene Elliot gets her body back, Elizabeth and Ryker are freed from the stacks, Resolution 653 passes, and Kovacs is freed and returned to Harlan’s World.
In the books, Envoys were and are the elite forces of the Protectorate (which would have been fighting against the revolution); Falconer died long before Kovacs was born; Kovacs trained as an Envoy under a different woman; and the Envoy Corps is still very much in use by the Protectorate and remains widely feared.
Since the Hendrix estate does not approve of licensing his image for anything they consider violent, the show instead chose the figure of Edgar Allan Poe and named the hotel The Raven.
At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 regions which, although they do not have legislative powers, manage sizeable budgets.
The left has usually fared moderately well in regional elections, but this was their best result since the regional system was introduced.
The left won control of twenty of the twenty-two regions of metropolitan France, defeating the parties of the mainstream right, the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) and the Union for French Democracy (UDF), and the extreme right National Front (FN).
Since no candidate gained a majority in any region, a second round was held on 28 March, in which only candidates who polled more than 10% in the first round were eligible to run (except in Corsica, where the threshold is 5%).
The UMP seat numbers are compared to those of the RPR and RPR dissidents together in 1998, the UDF seat numbers are compared to those of the UDF and UDF dissidents together in 1998.
Jean-Marie Le Pen, who intended to run in this region, was disqualified because he did not fulfill the legal conditions: he neither lived there, nor was registered as a taxpayer there.
He defines a Hamlet as a servlet extension that reads XHTML template files containing presentation using SAX (the Simple API for XML) and dynamically adds content on the fly to those places in the template which are marked with special tags and IDs using a small set of callback functions.
Yellow Red Koninklijke Voetbalclub Mechelen (), often simply called KV Mechelen () or KVM, or by their former French name FC Malinois, is a Belgian professional football club based in Mechelen in the Antwerp province.
They have won four Belgian championships and twice the Belgian Cup, as well as the 1987–88 European Cup Winners' Cup and the 1988 European Super Cup.
During that period, they also won a European Cup Winners' Cup and they reached the same competition semi-finals as well as the European Cup quarter-finals.
KV Mechelen declined in the late 1990s though they had two more spells at the highest level from 1999–2000 to 2000–01 and in 2002–03.
After winning the domestic cup title in 1987, and hence qualifying for the European Cup Winners' Cup, they completed the extraordinary achievement of winning this tournament in 1988.
KV Mechelen seemed to be on its way to becoming one of the top clubs in Belgium, but quickly declined when their chairman Cordier (who owned the rights to most of their players) was forced to sell many players due to his company's bad results.
After a successful 2010 and four seasons for the yellow reds, coach Peter Maes decided to leave Malinwa and signed a four-year contract with Lokeren.
Despite Janković's inability to lead the club to Play-off 1, Janković left for topclub Standard Liège and Mechelen had to appoint a new manager.
The club ended up choosing Yannick Ferrera for the vacant job, who had just been fired as manager of Standard Liège.
After eleven seasons at the highest level, the club got relegated on the last day of the 2017–18 season as a 2–0 win over Waasland-Beveren left them in last place on goal difference, due to Eupen beating Moeskroen by a bigger margin (4–0).
During the following season, while the club was very successful on the pitch, winning both the 2018–19 Belgian First Division B and the 2018–19 Belgian Cup, the 2017–19 Belgian football fraud scandal emerged in which the club was accused of match-fixing their final match of the 2017–18 season, allegedly having attempted to bribe certain players and officials of Waasland-Beveren.
In March 2019, the club was found guilty and forced to relegate back to the First Division B despite winning promotion, and also denied to take part in the 2019–20 Belgian Cup and 2019–20 UEFA Europa League, the latter for which they had qualified by winning the cup.
The club appealed the decision at the Belgian Arbitration Court for Sports which ruled on 10 July 2019 that according to the general rules set by the Royal Belgian Football Association that match-fixing in a prior season could never be punished by relegation in a later season.
As a result, while the club was effectively found guilty of match-fixing one week later, they were only punished with a one-season ban from European football and the Belgian Cup, but left unpunished in the league, thus avoiding the relegation and 12-point penalty which was initially demanded by the Belgian FA.
KV Mechelen's Belgian Cup win in 1987 saw the club participate in UEFA club competition for the first time in their history, entering the 1987–88 European Cup Winners' Cup.
They then went on to defeat Ajax 1–0 in the final, Piet den Boer scoring the decisive goal early in the second half.
The following season Mechelen played 1988 European Cup winners PSV in the UEFA Super Cup, and defeated the Dutch side 3–1 on aggregate.
A = appearances, GP = games played, W = won, D = drawn, L = lost, GF = goals for, GA = goals against.
The EP was originally issued in 1995, then reissued by Snapper Music (SMACD924X, 2005) on 13 September 2005, as a remastered CD and a DVD featuring the entire film plus excerpts from the original movie.
St Giles' Cathedral, or the High Kirk of Edinburgh, is a parish church of the Church of Scotland located in the Old Town of Edinburgh.
Likely founded in the 12th century and dedicated to Saint Giles, the church was elevated to collegiate status by Pope Paul II in 1467.
After the Reformation, St Giles' was internally partitioned to serve multiple congregations as well as secular purposes, including as a prison, and as meeting places for the Court of Session and the Parliament of Scotland.
In 1637, a riot at St Giles' against the religious reforms of Charles I precipitated the formation of the Covenanters and the beginnings of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
The current church building dates from the 14th century onwards and its distinctive crown steeple is one of Edinburgh's best-known landmarks.
Since the medieval period, St Giles' has been the site of nationally important events and services and the chapel of the Order of the Thistle is located here.
Alongside housing an active congregation, the church is one of Scotland's most popular visitor sites, welcoming over a million visitors in 2018.
In England, 162 ancient churches and at least 24 hospitals were dedicated to him; though his only other surviving medieval dedication in Scotland is the parish church of Elgin.
The church was first possessed by the monks of the Order of St Lazarus, who ministered among lepers; if David I or Alexander I is the church's founder, the dedication may be connected to their sister Matilda, who founded St Giles in the Fields.
St Giles' held cathedral status between 1633 and 1638 and again between 1661 and 1690 during periods of episcopacy within the Church of Scotland.
St Giles' is one of a number of former cathedrals in the Church of Scotland – such as Glasgow Cathedral or Dunblane Cathedral – that retain their title despite having lost this status.
Since the church's initial elevation to cathedral status, the building as a whole has generally been called St Giles' Cathedral, St Giles' Kirk or Church, or simply St Giles'.
The title fell out of use until reapplied in the late 18th century to the East (or New) Kirk, the most prominent of the four congregations then meeting in the church.
The church occupies a prominent and flat portion of the ridge that leads down from Edinburgh Castle and sits on the south side of the High Street, which is one of the streets that make up the Royal Mile and which is the main street of the Old Town.
From its initial construction in the 12th century until the 14th century, St Giles' was located near the eastern edge of Edinburgh.
By the time of the construction of the King's Wall in the mid-15th century, the burgh had expanded and St Giles' stood near its central point.
In the late medieval and early modern periods, St Giles' was also located at the centre of Edinburgh's civic life: the Tolbooth – Edinburgh's administrative centre – stood immediately north-west of the church and the Mercat Cross – Edinburgh's commercial and symbolic centre – stood immediately north-east of it.
From the construction of the Tolbooth in the late 14th century until the early 19th century, St Giles' stood in the most constricted point of the High Street.
Houses and shops were built against the walls of the church and the Luckenbooths and Tolbooth jutted into the High Street immediately north of the church.
A lane known as the Stinkand Style (or Kirk Style) was formed in the narrow space between the Luckenbooths and the north side of the church.
David raised Edinburgh to the status of a burgh and, during his reign, the church and its lands (St Giles' Grange) are first attested, being in the possession of monks of the Order of Saint Lazarus.
As St Giles' is attested almost a century earlier, this was likely a re-consecration to correct the loss of any record of the original consecration.
In 1322 during the First Scottish War of Independence, troops of Edward II of England despoiled Holyrood Abbey and may have attacked St Giles' as well.
Jean Froissart records that, in 1384, Scottish knights and barons met secretly with French envoys in St Giles' and, against the wishes of Robert II, planned a raid into the northern counties of England.
Though the raid was a success, Richard II of England took retribution on the Scottish borders and Edinburgh in August 1385 and St Giles' was burned.
At least the crossing and nave had been built by 1387 as, in that year, John Skuyer, John Primrose, and John of Scone were commissioned to add five chapels to the south side of the nave.
In 1393, Robert III granted St Giles' to Scone Abbey in compensation for the expenses incurred by the Abbey in 1390 during the King's coronation and the funeral of his father.
Subsequent records show clerical appointments at St Giles' were made by the monarch, suggesting the church reverted to the crown soon afterwards.
In 1419, Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas led an unsuccessful petition to Pope Martin V to elevate St Giles' to collegiate status.
The foundation replaced the role of vicar with a provost accompanied by a curate, sixteen canons, a beadle, a minister of the choir, and four choristers.
During the period of these petitions, William Preston of Gorton had, with the permission of Charles VII of France, brought from France the arm bone of Saint Giles, an important relic.
From the mid-1450s, the Preston Aisle was added to the southern side of the choir to commemorate this benefactor and Preston's eldest male descendants were given the right to carry the relic at the head of the Saint Giles' Day procession every 1 September.
Around 1460, extension of the chancel and the addition thereto of a clerestory were supported by Mary of Guelders, possibly in memory of her husband, James II.
In the years following St Giles' elevation to collegiate status, the number of chaplainries and endowments increased greatly and by the Reformation there may have been as many as fifty altars in St Giles'.
In 1470, Pope Paul II further elevated St Giles' status by granting a petition from James III to exempt the church from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of St Andrews.
During Gavin Douglas' provostship, St Giles' was central to Scotland's response to national disaster of the Battle of Flodden in 1513.
As Edinburgh's men were ordered by the town council to defend the city, its women were ordered to gather in St Giles' to pray for James IV and his army.
Requiem masses for the King and the memorial mass for the dead of the battle were held in St Giles' and Walter Chepman endowed a chapel of the Crucifixion in the lower part of the kirkyard in the King's memory.
The earliest record of Reformed sentiment at St Giles' is in 1535, when Andrew Johnston, one of the chaplains, was forced to leave Scotland on the grounds of heresy.
The theft from the church of images of the Virgin, St Francis, and the Trinity in 1556 may have been agitation by reformers.
In July 1557, the church's statue of its patron, Saint Giles, was stolen and, according to John Knox, drowned in the Nor Loch then burned.
For use in that year's Saint Giles' Day procession, the statue was replaced by one borrowed from Edinburgh's Franciscans; though this was also damaged when Protestants disrupted the event.
At the beginning of 1559, with the Scottish Reformation gaining ground, the town council distributed the treasures of St Giles' among trusted townsmen to keep them safe from the Reformers and soldiers were hired to defend the building.
At 3 pm on 29 June 1559 the army of the Lords of the Congregation entered Edinburgh unopposed and, that afternoon, John Knox, the foremost figure of the Reformation in Scotland, first preached in St Giles'.
The following week, Knox was elected minister of St Giles' and, the week after that, the purging of the church's Roman Catholic furnishings began.
Mary of Guise (who was then ruling as regent for her daughter Mary) offered Holyrood Abbey as a place of worship for those who wished to remain in the Roman Catholic faith while St Giles' served Edinburgh's Protestants.
Mary of Guise also offered the Lords of the Congregation that the parish church of Edinburgh would, after 10 January 1560, remain in whichever confession proved the most popular among the burgh's inhabitants.
These proposals, however, came to nothing and the Lords of the Congregation signed a truce with the Roman Catholic forces and vacated Edinburgh.
St Giles', however, remained in Protestant hands even as ladders to be used against Protestant forces in the Siege of Leith were assembled inside the church and even as French soldiers disrupted the sermons of Knox's depute, John Willock.
The events of the Scottish Reformation thereafter briefly turned in favour of the Roman Catholic party: they retook Edinburgh and the French agent Nicolas de Pellevé, Bishop of Amiens, reconsecrated St Giles' as a Roman Catholic church on 9 November 1559.
After the Treaty of Berwick secured the intervention of Elizabeth I of England on the side of the Reformers, they retook Edinburgh.
St Giles' once again became a Protestant church on 1 April 1560 and Knox returned to Edinburgh on 23 April 1560.
It took workmen, assisted by sailors from the Port of Leith, nine days to clear stone altars and monuments from the church.
In 1561, the kirkyard to the south of the church was closed and most subsequent burials were conducted at Greyfriars Kirkyard.
In 1567, Mary, Queen of Scots was deposed and succeeded by her infant son, James VI, St Giles' was a focal point of the ensuing Marian civil war.
After his assassination in January 1570, the Regent Moray, a leading opponent of Mary, Queen of Scots, was interred within the church; Knox preached at this event.
Edinburgh briefly fell to Mary's forces and, in June and July 1572, William Kirkcaldy of Grange stationed soldiers and cannon in the tower.
Although his assistant John Craig had remained in Edinburgh during these events, Knox, his health failing, had retired to St Andrews.
In 1562 and 1563, the western three bays of the church were partitioned off by a wall to serve as an extension to the Tolbooth: it was used, in this capacity, as a meeting place for the burgh's criminal courts, the Court of Session, and the Parliament of Scotland.
The vestry was converted into an office and library for the town clerk and weavers were permitted to set up their looms in the loft.
Around 1581, the interior was partitioned into two meeting houses: the chancel became the East (or Little or New) Kirk and the crossing and the remainder of the nave became the Great (or Old) Kirk.
During his attendance at the Great Kirk, James was often harangued in the ministers' sermons and relations between the king and the Reformed clergy deteriorated.
In the face of opposition from St Giles' ministers, James introduced successive laws to establish episcopacy in the Church of Scotland from 1584.
The King briefly removed to Linlithgow and the ministers were blamed for inciting the crowd; they fled the city rather than comply with their summons to appear before the king.
To weaken the ministers, James made effective, as of April 1598, an order of the town council from 1584 to divide Edinburgh into distinct parishes.
James' son and successor, Charles I, first visited St Giles' on 23 June 1633 during his visit to Scotland for his coronation.
He arrived at the church unannounced and displaced the reader with clergy who conducted the service according to the rites of the Church of England.
On 29 September that year, Charles, responding to a petition from John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St Andrews, elevated St Giles' to the status of a cathedral to serve as the seat of the new Bishop of Edinburgh.
Work on the church was incomplete when, on 23 July 1637, the replacement in St Giles' of Knox's Book of Common Order by a Scottish version of the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer provoked rioting due to the latter's perceived similarities to Roman Catholic ritual.
Tradition attests that this riot was started when a market trader named Jenny Geddes threw her stool at the Dean, James Hannay.
The events of 23 July 1637 led to the signing of the National Covenant in February 1638, which, in turn, led to the Bishops' Wars, the first conflict of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
Before 1643, the Preston Aisle was also fitted out as a permanent meeting place for the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.
In autumn 1641, Charles I attended Presbyterian services in the East Kirk under the supervision of its minister, Alexander Henderson, a leading Covenanter.
The King had lost the Bishops' Wars and had come to Edinburgh because the Treaty of Ripon compelled him to ratify Acts of the Parliament of Scotland passed during the ascendancy of the Covenanters.
After the Covenanters' loss at the Battle of Dunbar, troops of the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell entered Edinburgh and occupied the East Kirk as a garrison church.
General John Lambert and Cromwell himself were among English soldiers who preached in the church and, during the Protectorate, the East Kirk and Tolbooth Kirk were each partitioned in two.
At the Restoration in 1660, the Cromwellian partition was removed from the East Kirk and a new royal loft was installed there.
At Charles' orders, the body of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose – a senior supporter of Charles I executed by the Covenanters – was re-interred in St Giles'.
On the advice of William Carstares, who later became minister of the High Kirk, William II supported the abolition of bishops in the Church of Scotland and, in 1690, the Parliament of Scotland restored Presbyterian polity.
In Edinburgh alone, eleven meeting houses of this secession sprang up, including the congregation that became Old St Paul's, which was founded when Alexander Rose, the last Bishop of Edinburgh in the established church, led much of his congregation out of St Giles'.
In 1699, the courtroom in the northern half of the Tolbooth partition was converted into the New North (or Haddo's Hole) Kirk.
During the Jacobite rising of 1745, inhabitants of Edinburgh met in St Giles' and agreed to surrender the city to the advancing army of Charles Edward Stuart.
From 1758 to 1800, Hugh Blair, a leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment and religious moderate, served as minister of the High Kirk; his sermons were famous throughout Britain and attracted Robert Burns and Samuel Johnson to the church.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Luckenbooths and Tolbooth, which had enclosed the north side of the church, were demolished along with shops built up around the walls of the church.
Between 1829 and 1833, Burn significantly altered the church: he encased the exterior in ashlar, raised the church's roofline and reduced its footprint.
He also added north and west doors and moved the internal partitions to create a church in the nave, a church in the choir, and a meeting place for the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in the southern portion.
Burn also removed internal monuments; the General Assembly's meeting place in the Preston Aisle; and the police office and fire engine house, the building's last secular spaces.
Burn's contemporaries were split between those who congratulated him on creating a cleaner, more stable building and those who regretted what had been lost or altered.
Since the second half of the 20th century, Burn's work has been recognised as having secured the church from possible collapse.
The Tolbooth Kirk returned to the nave in 1832; when they left for a new church on Castlehill in 1843, the nave was occupied by the Haddo's Hole congregation, who had returned from their temporary meeting place on Albany Street in the New Town.
The General Assembly found its new meeting hall inadequate and met there only once; the Old Kirk congregation moved into the space.
At the Disruption of 1843, Robert Gordon and James Buchanan, ministers of the High Kirk, left their charges and the established church to join the newly-founded Free Church.
Lindsay Mackersy, solicitor and session clerk of the High Kirk, supported Chambers’ work and William Hay was engaged as architect; a management board to supervise the design of new windows and monuments was also created.
The restoration was part of a movement for liturgical beautification in late 19th century Scottish Presbyterianism and many evangelicals feared the restored St Giles' would more resemble a Roman Catholic church than a Presbyterian one.
Nevertheless, the Presbytery of Edinburgh approved plans in March 1870 and the High Kirk was restored between June 1872 and March 1873: the pews and galleries were replaced with stalls and chairs and, for the first time since the Reformation, stained glass and an organ were introduced.
Although he had managed to view the reunified interior, William Chambers died on 20 May 1883, only three days before John Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen, Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, ceremonially opened the restored church; Chambers' funeral was held in the church two days after its reopening.
In 1911, George V opened the newly-constructed chapel of the knights of the Order of the Thistle at the south east corner of the church.
Though the church had hosted a special service for the Church League for Women's Suffrage, Wallace Williamson’s refusal to pray for imprisoned suffragettes led to their supporters disrupting services during late 1913 and early 1914.
Ahead of the 1929 reunion of the United Free Church of Scotland and the Church of Scotland, the Church of Scotland (Property and Endowments) Act 1925 transferred ownership of St Giles' from the City of Edinburgh Council to the Church of Scotland.
The Albany Aisle at the north west of the church was subsequently adapted to serve as a memorial chapel to the 39 members of the congregation killed in the conflict.
To mark her first visit to Scotland since her coronation, Elizabeth II received the Honours of Scotland at a special service in St Giles' on 24 June 1953.
During Macmillan's incumbency, the church was restored and the interior reoriented around a central communion table, the interior floor was levelled and undercroft space was created by Bernard Feilden.
By 1385, the 12th century original building had likely been replaced by the core of the current church: a nave and aisles of five bays, a crossing and transepts, and a choir of four bays.
Apart from the internal partitioning of the church in the wake of the Reformation, few significant alterations were made until the restoration by William Burn in 1829-33, which included the removal of several bays of the church, the addition of clerestories to the nave and transepts, and the encasement of the church's exterior in polished ashlar.
The most significant subsequent restoration commenced in 1979 under Bernard Feilden and Simpson & Brown: this included the levelling of the floor and the rearrangement of the interior around a central communion table.
The exterior of the church, with the exception of the tower, dates almost entirely from William Burn's restoration of 1829-33 and afterwards.
Following the early 19th century demolition of the Luckenbooths, Tolbooth, and shops built against St Giles', the walls of the church were exposed to be leaning outward by as much as one and a half feet in places.
This layer is tied to the existing walls by iron cramps and varies in width from eight inches at the base of the walls to five inches at the top.
Burn co-operated with Robert Reid, the architect of new buildings in Parliament Square, to ensure the exteriors of their buildings would complement each other.
Burn significantly altered the profile of the church: he expanded the transepts, created a clerestory in the nave, added new doorways in the west front and north transept, and replicated the cusped cresting from the east end of the church throughout the parapet.
Alongside the Thistle Chapel, extensions since the Burn restoration include William Hay's additions of 1883: rooms south of the Moray Aisle, east of the south transept, and west of the north transept; in 1891, MacGibbon and Ross added a ladies’ vestry – now the shop – at the east of the north transept.
Burn created a symmetrical western façade by replacing the west window of the Albany Aisle at the northwest corner of the church with a double niche and by moving the west window of the inner south nave aisle to repeat this arrangement in the southern half.
The west doorway dates from the Victorian restoration and is by William Hay: the doorway is flanked by niches containing small statues of Scottish monarchs and churchmen by John Rhind, who also carved the relief of Saint Giles in the tympanum.
Burn retained the tracery of the great east window, which had been restored by John Mylne the Younger in the mid-17th century.
In order to improve access to Parliament Square, Burn demolished the westernmost two bays of the outer south nave aisle, including the south porch and door.
Burn also removed the western bay from the Holy Blood Aisle at the south of the church and, from the north side of the nave, removed the north porch along with an adjoining bay.
The lost porches likely dated from the late-15th century and were matched only by those at St John's Kirk, Perth and St Michael's Kirk, Linlithgow as the grandest two-storey porches on Scottish medieval churches.
Like the porch at Linlithgow, on which they were likely based, the porches at St Giles' possessed an entry arch below an oriel window.
The date of this work is uncertain, but it may relate both to fines levied on building works at St Giles' in 1486 and to rules of 1491 for the master mason and his men.
The steeple dates from around 1500; it is one of two surviving medieval crown steeples in Scotland: the other is at King's College, Aberdeen and dates from after 1505.
The design, however, is English in origin, being found at St Nicholas' Church, Newcastle before it was introduced to Scotland at St Giles'; the medieval St Mary-le-Bow, London, may also have possessed a crown steeple.
Another crown steeple existed at St Michael's Parish Church, Linlithgow until 1821 and others may have been planned, and possibly begun, at the parish churches of Haddington and Dundee.
These other examples are composed only of diagonal flying buttresses springing from the four corners of the tower; whereas the St Giles’ steeple is unique among medieval crown steeples in being composed of eight buttresses: four springing from the corners and four springing from the centre of each side of the tower.
For the arrival into Edinburgh of Anne of Denmark in 1590, 21 weather vanes were added to the crests of the steeple; these were removed prior to 1800 and replacements were installed in 2005.
Mylne added pinnacles half-way up the crests of the buttresses; he is also largely responsible for the present appearance of the central pinnacle.
The weathercock atop the central pinnacle was created by Alexander Anderson in 1667; it replaced an earlier weathercock of 1567 by Alexander Honeyman.
Though the nave dates to the 14th century and is one of the oldest parts of the church, it has been significantly altered and extended since.
The ceiling over the central section of the nave is a tierceron vault in plaster; this was added during William Burn’s restoration of 1829-1833.
Burn replaced a medieval vaulted ceiling and heightened the walls of the central section of the nave by 16 feet, adding windows to create a clerestory.
Burn also removed an attic from above the central section of the nave: this contained several rooms and housed the church's bell-ringer.
The outline of the nave roof prior to the Burn restoration can be observed on the wall above the western arch of the crossing.
Burn had earlier heightened the medieval arcade and replaced the octagonal 14th century pillars with pillars based on the 15th century example in the Albany Aisle.
The lower height of the original arcade is indicated by a fragment of an arch, springing from the south west pier of the crossing.
The arches of the clerestory windows, now filled-in, are still visible above the each arch of the arcade on the south side of the nave.
The two arches nearest the crossing at the south nave arcade show taller arches, which likely relate to a medieval scheme to heighten the arcade; however, the presence of these blind arches in only two bays suggests the scheme proved abortive.
The ceiling of the north nave aisle is a rib vault in a similar style to the Albany Aisle: this suggests the north nave aisle dates to the same campaign of building at the turn of the 15th century.
In the first decade of the 15th century, the Albany Aisle was erected as a northward extension of the two westernmost bays of the north nave aisle.
The ceiling vaults are supported by a bundled pillar that supports a foliate capital and octagonal abacus upon which are the escutcheons of the Aisle's donors: Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany and Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas.
Neither Albany nor Douglas was closely associated with St Giles' and tradition holds the aisle was donated in penance for their involvement in the death of David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay.
In 1882, the floor of the Albany Aisle was paved with Minton tiles, bands of Irish marble, and tiled medallions depicting the arms of Scotland; Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany; and Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas.
For the Aisle's dedication as a memorial chapel in the wake of the Second World War, the Minton tiles were replaced with Leoch paving stones from Dundee while the heraldic medallions and marble bands were retained.
East of the Albany Aisle, two light-coloured stones below the Black Watch's Egyptian Campaign memorial mark the site of the Norman north door.
An illustration of 1799 shows the doorway as a highly decorated structure, bearing similarities to doorways at the churches of Dalmeny and Leuchars.
Its ceiling is a barrel vault with superficial ribs: this was installed during William Hay's restoration of 1881-83 and incorporates a boss from the original vault.
It was discovered during the clearance of rubble around the medieval east window of the north transept in 1880 and was reset in its present position.
The floor of the St Eloi Aisle is in marble with mosaic panels by Minton, depicting the emblem the Incorporation of Hammermen between the symbols of the four evangelists.
The inner and outer south nave aisles were likely begun in the later 15th century around the time of the Preston Aisle, which they strongly resemble.
They were likely completed by 1510, when altars of the Holy Trinity, Saint Apollonia, and Saint Thomas were added to the west end of the inner aisle.
The current aisles replaced the original south nave aisle and the five chapels by John Primrose, John Skuyer, and John of Perth, named in a contract of 1387.
The inner aisle retains its original quadripartite vault; however, the plaster tierceron vault of the outer aisle (known as the Moray Aisle) dates to the Burn restoration.
Burn also replaced the window of the inner aisle with a smaller window, centred north of the original in order to accommodate a double niche on the exterior of the wall.
In 1513, Alexander Lauder of Blyth commissioned an aisle of two bays at the eastern end of the outer south nave aisle: the Holy Blood Aisle is the easternmost and only surviving bay of this aisle.
The western bay of the Aisle and the pillar separating the two bays were removed during the Burn restoration and the remainder was converted to a heating chamber.
The piers of the crossing date to the original building campaign of the 14th century and may be the oldest part of the present church.
The first stages of both transepts were likely completed by 1395, in which year the St John’s Aisle was added to the north of the north transept.
Initially, the north transept extended no further than the north wall of the aisles and possessed a tunnel-vaulted ceiling at the same height as those in the crossing and aisles.
The St John's Chapel, extending north of the line of the aisles, was added in 1395; in its western end was a turnpike stair, which, at the Burn restoration, was re-set in the thick wall between the St Eloi Aisle and the north transept.
Remains of St John's Chapel are visible in the east wall of the north transept: these include fragments of vaulting and a medieval window, which faces into the Chambers Aisle.
The bottom half of this window's tracery, as far as its embattled transom, is original; curvilinear tracery was added to the upper half by MacGibbon and Ross in 1889-91.
A screen of 1881-83 by William Hay crosses the transept in line with the original north wall, creating a vestibule for the north door.
The screen contains sculptures of the patron saints of the Incorporated Trades of Edinburgh by John Rhind as well as the arms of William Chambers.
Initially, the south transept only extended to the line of the south aisles; it was extended in stages as the Preston, Chepman, and Holy Blood Aisles were added.
The original barrel vault remains as far as an awkwardly-inserted transverse arch supported on heavy corbels between the inner transept arches: this arch was likely inserted after the creation of the Preston Aisle, when the inner transept arches were expanded accordingly.
In the middle of the 15th century, two bays were added to the east end of the choir and the central section was raised to create a clerestory under a tierceron-vaulted ceiling in stone.
The springers of the original vault are still visible above some of the capitals of the choir pillars and the outline of the original roof is visible above the eastern arch of the crossing.
A grotesque at the intersection of the central rib of the ceiling and the east wall of the tower may be a fragment of the 12th century church.
The two pillars and two demi-pillars constructed during this expansion in the easternmost bays of the choir are similar in type to those in the Albany Aisle.
These arms date the work between the birth of James II in 1453 and the death of Mary of Guelders in 1463; the incomplete tressure in the arms of James II may indicate he was dead when the work commenced, dating it to after 1460.
Its capital bears the arms of William Preston of Gorton on its east face; James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews on its west face; Nicholas Otterbourne, Vicar of Edinburgh on its north face; and Edinburgh on its south face.
The south respond bears the arms of Thomas Cranstoun, Chief Magistrate of Edinburgh; the north respond bears the arms of Alexander Napier of Merchiston, Provost of Edinburgh.
Of the two choir aisles, the south — which contained the Lady Chapel prior to the Reformation — is significantly wider than the north.
The ribs appear to serve a structural purpose; however, the lack of any intersection between the lateral and longitudinal cells of each bay means that these vaults are effectively pointed barrel vaults.
The north wall of the north choir aisle contains a 15th century tomb recess; in this wall, a grotesque, which may date to the 12th century church, has been re-set.
At the east end of the south aisle is a stone staircase added by Bernard Feilden and Simpson & Brown in 1981-82.
This Aisle stands on the site of the medieval vestry, which, at the Reformation, was converted to the Town Clerk’s office before being restored to its original use by William Burn.
MacGibbon and Ross removed the wall between the vestry and the church and inserted a new arch and vaulted ceiling, both of which incorporate medieval masonry.
It is named for William Preston of Gorton, who donated Saint Giles' arm-bone to the church; Preston's arms recur in the chapel.
The town council began the Aisle's construction in 1455, undertaking to complete it within seven years; however, the presence in the Aisle of the arms of Lord Hailes, Provost of Edinburgh in the 1480s, suggests construction took significantly longer.
The ceiling of the Aisle is a pointed barrel vault whose central boss depicts an angel bearing Chepman's arms impaled with those of his first wife, Mariota Kerkettill.
Fragments of the medieval stained glass were discovered in the 1980s: none was obviously pictorial and some may have been grisaille.
A pre-Reformation window depicting an elephant and the emblem of the Incorporation of Hammermen survived in the St Eloi Aisle until the 19th century.
A scheme of coloured glass was considered as early as 1830: three decades before the first new coloured glass in a Church of Scotland building was installed at Greyfriars Kirk in 1857; however, the plan was rejected by the town council.
By the 1860s, attitudes to stained glass had liberalised within Scottish Presbyterianism and the insertion of new windows was a key component of William Chambers' plan to restore St Giles'.
The firm of James Ballantine was commissioned to produce a sequence depicting the life of Christ, as suggested by the artists Robert Herdman and Joseph Noel Paton: this sequence commences with a window of 1874 in the north choir aisle and climaxes in the great east window of 1877, depicting the Crucifixion and Ascension.
Other windows by Ballantine & Son are the Prodigal Son window in the south wall of the south nave aisle; the west window of the Albany Aisle, depicting the parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins and the parable of the talents (1876); and the west window of the Preston Aisle, depicting Saint Paul (1881).
Ballantine & Son are also responsible for the window of the Holy Blood Aisle, depicting the assassination and funeral of the Regent Moray (1881): this is the only window of the church that depicts events from Scottish history.
Andrew Ballantine produced the west window in the south wall of the inner south nave aisle (1886): this depicts scenes from the life of Moses.
This was produced by Morris & Co. and shows Joshua and the Israelites in the upper section with Jephthah%27s daughter, Miriam, and Ruth in the lower section.
Other stained glass artists of the Victorian era represented in St Giles' are Burlison & Grylls, who executed the Patriarchs window in the west wall of the inner south nave aisle and Charles Eamer Kempe, who created the west window of the south side of the outer south nave aisle: this depicts biblical writers.
Oscar Paterson is responsible for the west window of the north side of the north nave aisle (1906): this shows saints associated with St Giles'.
Karl Parsons designed the west window of the south side of the south choir aisle (1913): this depicts saints associated with Scotland.
Douglas Strachan is responsible for the windows of the choir clerestory that depict saints (1932-35) and for the north transept window (1922): this shows Christ walking on water and stilling the Sea of Galilee, alongside golden angels subduing demons that represent the four winds of the earth.
Windows of the later 20th century include a window in the north transept clerestory by William Wilson, depicting Saint Andrew (1954), and the east window of the Albany Aisle, on the theme of John the Divine, designed by Francis Spear and painted by Arthur Pearce (1957).
Multiple generations of the Ballantine firm executed heraldic windows in the oriel window of the outer south nave aisle (1883) and in the clerestory of the choir (1877-92): the latter series depicts the arms of the Incorporated Trades of Edinburgh.
Ballantine & Son also produced the window of the Chepman Aisle, showing the arms of notable 17th century Royalists (1888); in the St Eloi Aisle, the Glass Stainers' Company produced a companion window, showing the arms of notable Covenanters (1895).
In the medieval period, the floor of St Giles' was paved with memorial stones and brasses; these were gradually cleared after the Reformation.
The plaque was inscribed by James Gray on the rear of a fragment of a late 15th century memorial brass: a fibreglass replica of this side of the brass is installed on the opposite wall.
The plaque was originally set in a monument of 1570 by Murdoch Walker and John Ryotell: this was destroyed at the Burn restoration but the plaque was saved and reinstated in 1864, when John Stuart, 12th Earl of Moray commissioned David Cousin to design a replica of his ancestor’s memorial.
A memorial tablet in the basement vestry commemorates John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, who was buried in the Chepman Aisle in 1579.
This was likely installed on the south side of the church by Archibald Napier, 1st Lord Napier in 1637; it was moved to its present location during the Burn restoration.
Memorials installed between the Burn restoration of 1829-33 and the Chambers restoration of 1871-83 are now located in the north transept: these include white marble tablets commemorating Major General Robert Henry Dick (died 1846); Patrick Robertson, Lord Robertson (died 1855); and Aglionby Ross Carson (1856).
The largest of these memorials is David Bryce's 1867 memorial to George Lorimer, Dean of Guild and hero of the 1865 Theatre Royal fire.
Originally located on a pillar of the choir, its excessive weight was found to be damaging the medieval masonry and it was moved to the north transept vestibule during the Chambers restoration.
To this end, a management board was set up in 1880 to supervise the installation of new monuments; it continued in this function until 2000.
Chambers personally commissioned the memorial plaque to Walter Chepman in the Chepman Aisle (1879): this was designed by William Hay and produced by Francis Skidmore.
Chambers himself is commemorated by a large plaque in a red marble frame (1894): located in the Chambers Aisle, this was designed by David MacGibbon with the bronze plaque produced by Hamilton and Inches.
William Hay, the architect who oversaw the restoration (died 1888), and Lindsay Mackersy, the Session Clerk of the High Kirk who aided the restoration (1903), are commemorated by plaques in the north transept vestibule: the former was sculpted by John Rhind.
Hamilton and Inches executed brass memorial plaques to James Balfour, minister in the time of James VI, (1896) and James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair (1906).
The first memorial installed after the Chambers restoration was a brass plaque dedicated to Dean James Hannay, the cleric whose reading of Charles I's Scottish Prayer Book in 1637 sparked rioting.
The brass plaque, on the south west pillar of the crossing, was installed in 1882 at the request of the Dean's descendants; it was executed by Matthews and Hodgson of London with an inscription worded by Arthur Penrhyn Stanley.
In response, and John Stuart Blackie campaigned for a monument to Jenny Geddes, who, according to tradition, sparked rioting by throwing a stool at Hannay.
An 1885 memorial on the floor between south nave aisles marks the putative spot of Geddes’ action; this was funded by Robert Halliday Gunning and executed by WS Black of Edinburgh with an inscription by John Inglis, Lord Glencorse.
One of the most prominent memorials of the period after the Chambers restoration is the Jacobean-style monument of 1888 to James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose: this is located in the Chepman Aisle, near Montrose's burial place.
The alabaster, marble, and gilt bronze monument was designed by Robert Rowand Anderson and carved by John and William Birnie Rhind.
Anderson also designed the Jacobean-style plaque on the south wall of the south choir aisle commemorating John Inglis, Lord Glencorse (1892).
In response to the erection of the Montrose monument, Robert Halliday Gunning funded the creation of a similar monument to Montrose's rival, Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll; this was unveiled in 1895.
Located in the St Eloi Aisle, the alabaster and marble monument was designed by Sydney Mitchell and carved by Charles McBride.
William Chambers' ambition to create an equivalent of Westminster Abbey's Poets%27 Corner was realised by the addition of a number of memorials to literary figures in the outer south nave aisle.
The relief shows Stevenson holding a pen in his right hand; Saint-Gaudens had originally intended this to depict a cigarette, but it was changed at the behest of the church's Management Board.
The most recent additions to the Writers' Corner are the plaques to James Young Simpson (1997) and Ronald Colville, 2nd Baron Clydesmuir (2003): both are by Kindersley Cardozo Workshop of Cambridge.
The Thistle Chapel, located at the south east corner of the church, is the chapel of the Order of the Thistle, the second most senior order of chivalry in the United Kingdom.
Upon his death in 1906, the Earl bequeathed £44,000 to rebuild the ruins of Holyrood Abbey and return it to use as a Chapel for the Order of the Thistle.
Financial and architectural considerations prevented the fulfilment of the Earl's wish: his sons therefore offered money for the construction of a new chapel at St. Giles’.
As far back as 1882, Lindsay Mackersy, session clerk of the High Kirk, had revived a proposal by William Chambers to convert the south transept of St Giles' into a chapel for the Order.
On 12 March 1909, the Cathedral authorities gratefully accepted the offer to build a new chapel for the Order of the Thistle at St Giles' and Edward VII appointed William Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch; Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery; John David Melville, 12th Earl of Leven; and Schomberg Kerr McDonnell as trustees with Thomas Ross as architectural consultant.
The Chapel was completed £80 under budget and was opened amidst much ceremony on 19 July 1911 by George V. At the opening, police hid in the boiler room beneath the Chapel to guard against the threat of vandalism by suffragettes.
The Knights of the Thistle usually meet for worship in the Thistle Chapel every second year at the investiture of new knights by the monarch.
Robert Lorimer's design for the Thistle Chapel draws inspiration from 15th century models and displays the influence of Lorimer's master, George Frederick Bodley.
The doorway was formerly located on the south side of the church; it was moved to the east of the building during William Burn's restoration of 1829-32.
The interior walls of the ante-chapel are inscribed with the names of the monarchs and knights from the foundation of the order in 1687 to the construction of the Chapel in 1909.
The ceiling is 42 feet (13 meters) high and constructed from approximately 200 tons of stone; the larger bosses weigh as much as a ton each.
The Chapel is furnished with nineteen stalls: one for each of the sixteen knights alongside the monarch's stall at the centre of the western end, flanked by two stalls for extra knights.
Each stall is surmounted by a canopy upon which rests a decorative sword and a helm topped by a sculpted representation of each knight's crest.
The heraldic stained glass windows are by Louis Davis and show the arms of the knights at the time of the construction of the Chapel.
In the 1980s, stained glass designed by Christian Shaw depicting the days of creation replaced ventilation grilles in the former boiler room below the Chapel.
The previous minister was the Very Reverend Dr Gilleasbuig Macmillan; he was inducted to the charge in 1973 and retired on 30 September 2013.
Notable people whose funerals took place at the Kirk include pioneering physician and suffragist Elsie Inglis, politicians Robin Cook (a lifelong atheist) and Douglas Henderson, and writer and literary agent Giles Gordon.
Since the mass migration of Hong Kong people in the 1980s, they have also been commonplace in many Western countries like Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, particularly in the Chinatown areas of major cities.
They are often called Hong Kong-style cafes in English, due to the casual setting as well as coffee and tea being central to the menu.
Western cuisine has been found in Hong Kong since the 1850s, but it was then a privilege for the upper class, out of the financial reach of most locals.
In 1920s and 30s, dining in a western restaurant could cost up to $10, while an ordinary local resident earns $15 to $50 per month.
They are however increasing in popularity overseas with many opening up in Cantonese diaspora communities as a casual alternative to more traditional Chinese Restaurants.
For each table, there is a piece of glass that covers the top and some menus are placed between the table and glass.
However, some of the restaurants bearing these titles today ignore the tradition, and provide all kinds of rice plates and even wonton noodles.
The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical variational technique devised to obtain the low-energy physics of quantum many-body systems with high accuracy.
As a variational method, DMRG is an efficient algorithm that attempts to find the lowest-energy matrix product state wavefunction of a Hamiltonian.
The DMRG is an iterative, variational method that reduces effective degrees of freedom to those most important for a target state.
After a warmup cycle, the method splits the system into two subsystems, or blocks, which need not have equal sizes, and two sites in between.
Now a candidate for the ground state of the superblock, which is a reduced version of the full system, may be found.
The candidate ground state that has been found is projected into the Hilbert subspace for each block using a density matrix, hence the name.
This model had been proposed by Kenneth G. Wilson as a test for any new renormalization group method, because they all happened to fail with this simple problem.
The DMRG overcame the problems of previous renormalization group methods by connecting two blocks with the two sites in the middle rather than just adding a single site to a block at each step as well as by using the density matrix to identify the most important states to be kept at the end of each step.
The DMRG has been successfully applied to get the low energy properties of spin chains: Ising model in a transverse field, Heisenberg model, etc., fermionic systems, such as the Hubbard model, problems with impurities such as the Kondo effect, boson systems, and the physics of quantum dots joined with quantum wires.
For 2D systems with one of the dimensions much larger than the other DMRG is also accurate, and has proved useful in the study of ladders.
The success of the DMRG for 1D systems is related to the fact that it is a variational method within the space of matrix product states.
Subsequently, a new method was devised to compute real time evolution within the DMRG formalism - See the paper by A. Feiguin and S.R.
In recent years, some proposals to extend the method to 2D and 3D have been put forward, extending the definition of the Matrix Product States.
Unfortunately, Oola was also one of life's losers, her dialogues often resulting in misfortune, such as having a magic 8-ball roll over her, or nearly being eaten by whatever animal she's conversing with (a spider, a duckling, etc.).
Unable to tell if she's laughing with him or at him, Grabstein outlaws laughter altogether and sets Luciano after Oola, only for the fly to fall in love with her.
The artist has made the point that he wants to create a story without worrying about the editors of family newspapers.
As of July 14, 2008, the strip began running 5 days a week, Monday through Friday; McEldowney indicated in his blog that despite time constraints, he wanted the story to move along at a brisker pace.
That I may answer your central question forthwith, I’ve composed this response for everyone – so please forgive me if I seem impersonal.
For example, in the August 22, 2008 strip, Geoff is seen walking down the street, nude, with his bare buttocks on display.
Continuing in its three-per-week format, the interrupted story arc was presented from the start so as not to confuse new readers.
Maximum time in grade in a military force is the longest amount of time that an officer or enlisted man is allowed to remain in the service without being promoted.
Today, a recruit may enter the service at 17 years old and stay in service until age 65, for a total of 48 years of service.
The record holder for the longest enlisted service is Chief Torpedoeman Harry Simond Morris (1887-1975), who entered the U.S. Navy at age 15 as an apprentice boy, and served for 55 years of continuous service, a record that cannot be surpassed under current regulations.
Jenners Department Store, now known simply as Jenners, is a department store located in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was the oldest independent department store in Scotland until its acquisition by House of Fraser in 2005.
The store was run for many years by the Douglas-Miller family, who were descendants of James Kennedy, who took charge of Jenners in 1881.
The original buildings that formed the department store were destroyed by fire in 1892, and in 1893 the Scottish architect William Hamilton Beattie was appointed to design the new store which subsequently opened in 1895.
This new building is designated as a category A listed building, and it is noted by the statutory listing that, at Charles Jenner's insistence, the building's caryatids were intended 'to show symbolically that women are the support of the house'.
The store made national news in 2007 when it publicised that it would stop selling pate de foie gras, following a boycott by the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton.
On 16 March 2005 it was announced that the Douglas-Miller family were in advanced negotiations to sell the business to the House of Fraser, at an estimated £100–200 million, but a month later it was sold for £46.1 million.
The lease of the building remained with the Jenners holding company JPSE Ltd, owned by the Douglas-Miller family, and was subsequently sold to Moorcroft Capital Management in August 2005 which was owned by Robbie Douglas Miller (former Chief Executive of Jenners).
Jenners said that security measures introduced in UK airports following the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot had led to a significant downturn in trade at the shops.
In 1893, upon his premature death from tuberculosis in Milan, Catalani was interred in the Cimitero Monumentale, where Ponchielli and conductor Arturo Toscanini also lie.
Well after his death, in 1981, his work was highlighted by the release of Diva, a thriller directed by Jean Jaques Beineix which employed the aria from La Wally in the film.
He is a founding member of the Average White Band and remains one of two original members in the group's current line-up.
John Scott Horner also known as Little Jack Horner (December 5, 1802 – February 3, 1883) was a U.S. politician, Secretary and acting Governor of Michigan Territory, 1835–1836 and Secretary of Wisconsin Territory, 1836–1837.
Horner was born in what is now Warrenton, Virginia, the third of eight children of Gustavus Brown Horner and Frances Harrison Scott Horner.
He then studied law, was admitted to the bar in Virginia and maintained a successful private practice in Fauquier, Loudoun, and Rappahannock counties.
On August 15, 1835, President Andrew Jackson appointed Horner to be Secretary (and acting Governor) of the Michigan Territory, replacing the popular Stevens T. Mason.
Michigan had satisfied all the requirements set out in the Northwest Ordinance to become a state, however the U.S. Congress had repeatedly rejected or ignored Michigan's petition for statehood.
The people adopted the constitution in October 1835 and at the same time elected Mason as governor along with a full slate of state officials (the state government was not recognized by Congress until 1837, when Michigan became a state).
So Horner had to appease irate Ohioans as well as deal with an unauthorized, but popular local government that undermined his own authority as Territorial Governor.
Horner was at least partially successful, in that he helped to avert violence (aside from some minor scuffles) and persuaded both parties to wait for the upcoming session of Congress to propose a resolution.
Despite heading alternate governments, there was little disagreement between Mason and Horner, with Horner mostly staying out of the way in local politics.
In August 1835, while Michigan prepared itself for statehood, Mason had separated all of the territory which was not going to be part of the state into a separate jurisdiction in order to provide some continuity in governance.
But he was delayed for various reasons and the western area had its own government for a time without any official representative of the federal government.
As Secretary of the Wisconsin Territory, Horner's first acts were to administer the oaths of office to Governor Henry Dodge and the judges of the supreme court with Charles Dunn as chief justice, and William C. Frazer and David Irvin as associate justices.
Horner resisted requests by friends and relatives to move back east to Virginia, and in 1847, Horner moved to a farm on the south shore of Green Lake in present-day Green Lake County.
It was created in 1914—six years after the Frank Hornby's Meccano sets—by Charles H. Pajeau, who formed the Toy Tinker Company in Evanston, Illinois to manufacture them.
Pajeau partnered with Robert Pettit and Gordon Tinker to market a toy that would allow and inspire children to use their imaginations.
The cornerstone of the set is a wooden spool roughly two inches (5 cm) in diameter, with holes drilled every 45 degrees around the perimeter and one through the center.
Tinkertoys have been used to create complex machines, including Danny Hillis's tic-tac-toe-playing computer (now in the collection of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California) and a robot at Cornell University in 1998.
To assist consumers in differentiating between the various offerings, sets were placed in mail tube packages of different sizes and also delineated with a number (e.g.
They are color-coded by size; in the 1960s-era sets, they were, in order from shortest to longest, orange, yellow, blue, red, green, and violet.
Each successively longer rod is (with allowances for the size of the spools) next smaller size times the square root of two; thus any two of the same size will combine with one of the next size up, and three spools, to form an isosceles right triangle (45°–45°–90°).
The Ultra Construction Set also includes connectors, small cylindrical plastic pieces approximately 2 inches long with a slot in either end and a slotted hole crosswise through the center of the part.
The Town class was a group of twenty-one light cruisers built for the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN).
The ships used both coal and oil for fuel, with 1353 tons of coal and 260 tons of oil carried, giving an endurance of about at .
As the protective deck was at waterline, the ships were given a large metacentric height so that they would remain stable in the event of flooding above the armoured deck.
They had two BL 6-inch (152 mm) Mk XI naval guns mounted on the ships' centreline fore and aft, with ten BL 4-inch Mk VII guns in waist mountings.
Four Vickers 3-pounder (47 mm) saluting guns were fitted, while two submerged 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted, with seven torpedoes carried.
This armament was considered rather too light for ships of this size, while the waist guns were subject to immersion in a high sea, making them difficult to work.
They had a crew of 480 officers and men, with the officers accommodated in the forward part of the ship, rather than aft as per tradition, following the instructions of Admiral Fisher to improve fighting efficiency.
In the First World War, the class's anti-aircraft armament was increased with the fitting of a single QF 3 inch (76 mm) 20 cwt gun.
The arrangement of the armament was revised, with three guns (one on the centreline and two on the beam) on an enlarged forecastle that also provided accommodation for the ships' officers.
Torpedo armament was increased, with two 21-inch (533 mm) submerged tubes (with seven torpedoes carried), while the ships' armament was completed by four 3-pounder saluting guns.
The class saw a number of alterations during the war, including the addition of a single 3 in (76 mm) AA gun in 1915, while the surviving ships were fitted with director control equipment for the ships' guns on a new tripod foremast.
A thin armoured deck, over most of its length and over the steering gear, was retained, mainly as a watertight deck.
The ships' forecastle was again extended aft, reaching two-thirds of the length of the ship, and allowing two more guns to be raised up onto the forecastle, while the ships' metacentric height was reduced, making the ships better gun platforms.
While main armament again consisted of eight 6 in guns in single mountings, a new gun, the BL 6 inch Mk XII was used.
This was shorter and lighter than the Mk XI guns used in earlier ships, and while range was slightly less ( compared to ), they were much easier to handle in rough weather and were more accurate.
While in theory, three guns could fire forwards in the previous arrangement (the forward centreline gun and the forward two waist guns), in practice the effects of blast from the waist guns on the bridge and conning tower prevented this.
The solution was to mount two guns side-by side on the forecastle, forward of the bridge, giving a total armament of nine BL 6 inch Mk XII guns.
She was subject to further armament revisions during the Second World War, with more 6- and 4-inch guns removed to accommodate depth charge throwers, and radar being fitted.
In 1912, work began on a new cruiser for trade protection duties in response to rumours of large German cruisers that were thought to being built for commerce raiding.
In 1915, as a response to German commerce raiding in the early months of the war, the British Admiralty decided to build a new class of large, fast and heavily armed cruisers for trade protection work.
Again, a mixed armament of 7.5 in and 6 in guns were chosen, with mixed oil- and coal-fired boilers in order to aid operations in distant waters where oil supplies would be limited.
In early 1914, the Greek Navy, in response to Turkish naval expansion, placed an order with the Coventry Syndicate, a consortium of the shipbuilders Cammell Laird, Fairfields, John Brown and the armament company Coventry Ordnance Works, for two light cruisers and four destroyers.
The ships' main armament was ten QF 5.5 in (140 mm) Mark I guns (50 calibres long) to a new design by Coventry Ordnance Works.
It was planned to fit the ships with two 12-pounder (76 mm) anti-aircraft guns, while two 21-inch torpedo tubes were fitted.
The ships' main armament was kept by the Royal Navy, and proved to be successful in service, with the 5.5 in gun being selected as secondary armament for the battlecruisers and and the aircraft carrier .
Ships of the class saw action at the Battles of Coronel, the Battle of the Falkland Islands and the Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1914.
In 1916, ships of the class also saw action at the Battle of Jutland, the largest surface engagement of the First World War .
After the end of the First World War, the surviving ships performed a variety of duties, including service on foreign stations.
The fortune was made in the American petroleum industry during the late 19th and early 20th centuries by John D. Rockefeller and his brother William Rockefeller, primarily through Standard Oil.
the Rockefellers were considered one of the most powerful families, if not the most powerful family, in the history of the United States.
The Rockefeller family originated in Rhineland in Germany and family members moved to the New World in the early 18th century, while through Eliza Davison, John D. Rockefeller and William Rockefeller Jr. and their descendants are also of Scotch-Irish ancestry.
The Rockefeller family originated in Rhineland in Germany and can be traced to the town Neuwied in the early 17th century.
One of the first members of the Rockefeller family in New York was businessman William Rockefeller Sr., who was born to a Protestant family in Granger, New York.
He had six children with his first wife Eliza Davison, the daughter of a Scotch-Irish farmer, the most prominent of which were oil tycoons John D. Rockefeller and William Rockefeller Jr., the co-founders of Standard Oil.
The combined wealth of the family—their total assets and investments plus the individual wealth of its members—has never been known with any precision.
From the outset the family's wealth has been under the complete control of the male members of the dynasty, through the family office.
Despite strong-willed wives who had influence over their husbands' decisions—such as the pivotal female figure Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, wife of John D. Rockefeller Jr.—in all cases they received allowances only and were never given even partial responsibility for the family fortune.
Much of the wealth has been locked up in the notable family trust of 1934 (which holds the bulk of the fortune and matures on the death of the fourth generation) and the trust of 1952, both administered by Chase Bank, the corporate successor to Chase Manhattan Bank.
These trusts have consisted of shares in the successor companies to Standard Oil and other diversified investments, as well as the family's considerable real estate holdings.
In 1960, when his brother Nelson Rockefeller was governor of New York, David Sr. successfully pressed for a repeal of a New York state law that restricted Chase Manhattan Bank from operating outside the city.
In 1979, he used his high-level contacts to bring Mohammad Reza Shah of Iran, who had been overthrown in the Iranian Revolution and was in poor health, for medical treatment in the United States.
In 1998, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton for his work on International Executive Service Corps.
A trademark of the dynasty over its 140-plus years has been the remarkable unity it has maintained, despite major divisions that developed in the late 1970s, and unlike other wealthy families such as the Du Ponts and the Mellons.
This was partly achieved by regular brothers and family meetings, but it was also because of the high value placed on family unity by first Nelson and John III, and later especially with David.
Regarding achievements, in 1972, on the 100th anniversary of the founding of Andrew Carnegie's philanthropy, the Carnegie Corporation, which has had a long association with the family and its institutions, released a public statement on the influence of the family on not just philanthropy but encompassing a much wider field.
John D. Rockefeller gave away US$540 million over his lifetime (in dollar terms of that time), and became the greatest lay benefactor of medicine in history.
His son, Junior, also gave away over $537 million over his lifetime, bringing the total philanthropy of just two generations of the family to over $1 billion from 1860 to 1960.
The combined personal and social connections of the various family members are vast, both in the United States and throughout the world, including the most powerful politicians, royalty, public figures, and chief businessmen.
Contemporary figures include Henry Kissinger, Richard Parsons (Chairman and CEO of Time Warner), C. Fred Bergsten, Peter G. Peterson (Senior Chairman of the Blackstone Group), and Paul Volcker.
In 1991, the family was presented with the Honor Award from the National Building Museum for four generations worth of preserving and creating some of the U.S.'s most important buildings and places.
The ceremony coincided with an exhibition on the family's contributions to the built environment, including John Sr.'s preservation efforts for the Hudson River Palisades, the restoration of Williamsburg, Virginia, construction of Rockefeller Center, and Governor Nelson's efforts to construct low- and middle-income housing in New York state.
John Jr., through his son Nelson, purchased and then donated the land upon which sits the United Nations headquarters, in New York, in 1946.
Earlier, in the 1920s, he had also donated a substantial amount towards the restoration and rehabilitation of major buildings in France after World War I, such as the Rheims Cathedral, the Fontainebleau Palace and the Palace of Versailles, for which he was later (1936) awarded France's highest decoration, the Grand Croix of the Legion d'Honneur (subsequently also awarded decades later to his son, David Rockefeller).
In addition, he provided the funding for the construction of the Palestine Archaeological Museum in East Jerusalem - the Rockefeller Museum.
Over the generations, it has created more than 20 national parks and open spaces, including the Cloisters, Acadia National Park, Forest Hill Park, the Nature Conservancy, the Rockefeller Forest in California's Humboldt Redwoods State Park (the largest stand of old-growth redwoods), and Grand Teton National Park, among many others.
The family was honored for its conservation efforts in November 2005, by the National Audubon Society, one of America's largest and oldest conservation organizations, at which over 30 family members attended.
In 2016 fifth-generation descendants of John Sr. criticized ExxonMobil, one of the successors to his company Standard Oil, for their record on climate change.
The Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Rockefeller Family Fund both backed reports suggesting that ExxonMobil knew more about the threat of global warming than it had disclosed.
The Rockefeller Brothers Fund announced it was divesting from fossil fuels in September 2014 while the Rockefeller Family Fund announced plans to divest in March 2016.
At present, the archives of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., William Rockefeller, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, Abby Rockefeller Mauzé, John D. Rockefeller III, Blanchette Rockefeller, and Nelson Rockefeller are processed and open by appointment to readers in the Archive Center's reading room.
In addition, the Archive Center has a microfilm copy of the Winthrop Rockefeller papers, the originals of which are held at the University of Arkansas, Little Rock.
The papers of the family office, known as the Office of the Messrs. Rockefeller, are also open for research, although those portions that relate to living family members are closed.
Dean George Tanaka was born on July 31, 1966, on a U.S. Air Force Base in Mount Clemens, Michigan, the biological son of Roger Tanaka, a U.S. serviceman, and actress Sharon Thomas.
In 1969, Cain's mother married film director Christopher Cain, who adopted Dean and his brother, musician Roger Cain; the family moved to Malibu, California.
Among his schoolmates were Charlie Sheen, who played on the same baseball team as Cain when they were children, as well as Rob Lowe and his brother, Chad.
Cain graduated from high school in 1984 and attended Princeton University, where he starred as a free safety on the football team: he set a Princeton season record with 12 interceptions (in just 10 games) during the 1987 season, and finished his collegiate career with 22 interceptions in 30 games.
Immediately after graduating Cain signed on as a free agent with the NFL's Buffalo Bills, but a knee injury during training camp ended his football career prematurely.
At the height of its popularity the program would bring in an average of at least 15 million viewers per episode.
In 2016, Cain played a guest role on the Netflix original series Lady Dynamite as Graham the ex-fiancé of Maria Bamford.
As of June 2018, Cain is hosting a television infomercial for The National Real Estate Network, an entity which seeks to persuade individuals to attend meetings where they can learn about flipping real estate.
In October 2018, it was learned that Ronnie Mund (Ronnie the Limo Driver), the personal driver and bodyguard of radio DJ Howard Stern, had been using a photoshopped picture of Cain as a publicity photo.
Mund initially denied the photo was altered but eventually acknowledged he had been using the fraudulent photo for over 5 years.
On June 19, 2018, Cain was sworn in as a reserve police officer for the St. Anthony Police Department in St. Anthony, Idaho.
Bernard Mandeville, or Bernard de Mandeville (; 15 November 1670 – 21 January 1733), was an Anglo-Dutch philosopher, political economist and satirist.
Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, he lived most of his life in England and used English for most of his published works.
He moved to England to learn the language, and succeeded so remarkably that many refused to believe he was a foreigner.
His father had been banished from Rotterdam in 1693 for involvement in the Costerman tax riots on 5 October 1690; Bernard himself may well have been involved.
Although the name Mandeville suggests a French (possibly Huguenot) origin, his ancestors had lived in the Netherlands since at least the 16th century.
Without their desire for personal gain their economy collapses and the remaining bees go to live simple lives in a hollow tree, thus implying that without private vices there exists no public benefit.
The book was primarily written as a political satire on the state of England in 1705, when the Tories were accusing John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and the ministry of advocating the War of the Spanish Succession for personal reasons.
Mandeville disagreed with the idea that education adds virtue because he did not believe that evil desires existed only in the poor, but rather he saw the educated and wealthy as much more crafty.
Mandeville also believed that educating the poor increased their desires for material things, defeating the purpose of the school and making it more difficult to provide for them.
The higher life of man is a mere fiction introduced by philosophers and rulers to simplify government and the relations of society.
This is because it is the vices (i.e., the self-regarding actions of men) which alone, by means of inventions and the circulation of capital (economics) in connection with luxurious living, stimulate society into action and progress.
While the author probably had no intention of subverting morality, his views of human nature were seen by his critics as cynical and degraded.
He endeavours to show that all social laws are the crystallised results of selfish aggrandizement and protective alliances among the weak.
Denying any form of moral sense or conscience, he regards all the social virtues as evolved from the instinct for self-preservation, the give-and-take arrangements between the partners in a defensive and offensive alliance, and the feelings of pride and vanity artificially fed by politicians, as an antidote to dissension and chaos.
His early career was varied, and he was in succession a travelling merchant, a soldier in the Edinburgh garrison in 1745, and a school-master.
The best of his many works are his Self-Interpreting Bible and Dictionary of the Bible, works that were long very popular.
John Brown was born at Carpow in the parish of Abernethy, in Perthshire, Scotland, the son of a self-educated weaver and river-fisherman, also called John Brown.
Having recovered from this illness, he had the good fortune to find a friend and protector in John Ogilvie, a shepherd venerable for age, and eminent for piety, who fed his flock among the neighbouring mountains.
This worthy individual was an elder of the parish of Abernethy, yet, though a person of intelligence and religion, was so destitute of education as to be unable even to read.
To supply his own deficiency, Ogilvie was glad to engage young Brown to assist him in tending his flock, and read to him during the intervals of comparative inaction and repose which his occupation afforded.
To screen themselves from the storm and the heat, they built a little lodge among the hills, and to this their mountain tabernacle (long after pointed out under this name by the peasants).
In consequence of this change, young Brown entered the service of a neighbouring farmer, who maintained a more numerous establishment than his former friend.
He began to work as a herd-boy, and his contact with a wider and stranger world 'seemed to cause,' he tells us, 'not a little practical apostasy from all my former attainments.
To this body our young shepherd early attached himself; and ventured to conceive the idea of one day becoming a shepherd of souls in that connection.
His difficulties in regard to the second of those were very great, for he could not for some time get a grammar.
Notwithstanding this, he managed by the exercise of patient ingenuity to learn the letters on a method he afterwards described in detail (paper of 6 Aug. 1745 quoted in Biography), He scraped together the price of a Greek testament, and a well-known story describes how he procured it.
A companion agreed to take charge of his sheep for a little, so setting out at midnight, he reached St. Andrews, twenty-four miles distant, in the morning.
Brown read the passage, got the volume, and walked home again with it (Memoir, p. 29; Dr. John Brown's Letter to John Cairns, D.D., p. 73).
Before he was twenty years of age, he had obtained an intimate knowledge of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages, with the last of which he was critically conversant.
The next few years saw Brown work as a pedlar and a schoolmaster, with an interlude as a volunteer soldier in defence against the Jacobites in the Forty-Five rebellion.
When the war was over, he again took up his pack for a time, but soon found more congenial occupation as a schoolmaster.
He would commit to memory fifteen chapters of the Bible as an evening exercise after the labours of the day, and after such killing efforts, allow himself but four hours of repose.
Two bodies were formed, called the Burghers and the Anti-burghers, of whom the first maintained that it was, and the second that it was not, lawful to take the burgess oath in the Scottish towns.
Following the division, there was a need for preachers in the Burgher branch, and Brown was the first new divinity student.
Brown adhered to the more liberal view, and now began to prepare himself for the ministry, he studied theology and philosophy in connection with the Associate Burgher Synod under Ebenezer Erskine of Stirling, and James Fisher of Glasgow.
In 1750 he was licensed to preach the gospel, and next year was unanimously called to the associate congregation of Haddington.
He was ordained as a minister at Haddington, East Lothian, on 4 July 1751, and that was his home for the rest of his life.
His congregation was small and poor, but though afterwards invited to be pastor to the Dutch church, New York, he never left it.
His ministerial duties were very hard, for during most of the year he delivered three sermons and a lecture every Sunday, whilst visiting and catechising occupied many a weekday.
In it he had taken occasion to affirm that Christ's righteousness, though in itself infinitely valuable, is only imparted to believers according to their need, and not so as to render them infinitely righteous.
He had branded the doctrine he opposed as 'antinomian and familistic blasphemy,' but notwithstanding it was defended by various anti-burgher divines, who retorted on him the charges of 'heresy,' 'blasphemy,' and 'familism,' accused him of 'gross and palpable misrepresentation,' lamented the 'poisonous fruit,' and dwelt on the 'glaring absurdity' of his doctrine (see Doctrine of the Unity and Uniformity of Christ's Surety righteousness viewed and vindicated, &c. By Rev.
A great deal of work, but no salary, was attached to this office; the students studied under Brown at Haddington during a session of nine weeks each year (McKerrow's History, p. 787).
Thus the work contains history, chronology, geography, summaries, explanatory notes, and reflections—in short, everything that the ordinary reader might be supposed to want.
Brown is always ready to give what he believes to be the only possible explanation of each verse, and to draw its only possible practical lesson therefrom.
One of his publishers, 'of his own good will,' presented him with about 40l., but this he lent and lost to another.
The stern self-denial that was a frequent feature in the early Scottish household enabled him to bring up a large family, and meet all the calls of necessity and duty on this income.
'Notwithstanding my eager desire for books, I chose rather to want them, and much more other things, than run into debt,' he says.
His creed was to him a matter of such intense conviction, that nothing seemed allowable that tended in any way to oppose it or distract attention from its solemn doctrines.
His public prelections were directed to the two main objects, first, of instructing his pupils in the science of Christianity, and secondly, of impressing their hearts with its power.
The system of Divinity which he was led, in the course of his professional duty, to compile, and which was afterwards published, is perhaps the one of all his works which exhibits most striking proofs of precision, discrimination, and enlargement of thought; and is altogether one of the most dense, and at the same time perspicuous views which has yet been given of the theology of the Westminster Confession.
It therefore met a need and after the initial edition published in 1769 numerous editions, variously amended, were issued until 1868.
After attending the parish school at Duns, he moved to Edinburgh, enrolled in divinity classes at the University of Edinburgh, and worked part-time as a private tutor.
In 1759 he discontinued his theological studies, began the study of medicine, and became the private tutor for the family of the leading Edinburgh physician William Cullen.
After a dispute with Cullen and the professors of the university, Brown's public lectures contained attacks on preceding systems of medicine, including Cullen's.
John Brown's theory focused on outside factors, which would excite the body and lead to different diseases and the presentation of various symptoms.
John Brown argued that any symptoms of disease or behavior which strayed from that of a healthy individual suggested over-excitement of the body.
Brown described medicine as related to excitement and his medicine was seen as mechanical to certain individuals and dynamic to others.
Kant believed that this quantification could be used to explain the cause of disease and lead to medicine to cure or fix this imbalance.
On the other hand, an avid follower in Germany, Andreas Röschlaub, perceived Brunonian medicine as an example of natural philosophy and as a changing theory.
This system was also simple enough that many physicians could practice according to Brunonianism, as it did not require extensive anatomical knowledge or association of specific outward symptoms with certain diseases.
German physicians wanted a system rooted in science which would give a scientific explanation to diseases, as the medical world began to emphasize science.
John Brown's theory explained the relationship between the outside world, causing excitement, and the body, which was stimulated by the world.
Other translations of Brown's work began to appear around Germany, included an edition from Christof Pfaff in 1796, followed by another edition of this translated book in 1798.
Röschlaub, an avid follower of John Brown, also worked with Adalbert Marcus to create a new medical system, which they implemented in a hospital in Bamberg.
The hospital in Bamberg, which became a hub for medicine, included the principles from Brown's theory and helped create a prestigious institute.
There are also reports of 400 students rioting in a dispute between the two sides in the German university city of Göttingen in 1802.
One critic of John Brown's theory was August von Kotzebue, who wrote plays to reflect his disdain for this theory of medicine.
Once again, Brunonian medicine came back in the 1820s, and was in the spotlight again as François-Joseph-Victor Broussais rose to fame.
Broussais, a French physician, was becoming very popular in the beginning of the 1820s and his medicinal theory was based on John Brown's own Brunonian medicine.
Brown had also become a famous historical figure in Germany by 1846, when Bernhard Hirschel published a study on his system and the effects of Brunonian medicine.
In 1786, Brown went to London to improve his fortunes but died of apoplexy two years later, on 17 October 1788.
Blythe is a fashion doll, about 28 cm (11 inch) tall, with an oversized head and large eyes that change color with the pull of a string.
It was created in 1972 and was initially only sold for one year in the United States by toy company Kenner (later purchased by Hasbro).
Blythe was created in the early seventies by designer Allison Katzman at Marvin Glass and Associates and bought and produced in the United States in 1972 by the now-defunct toy company Kenner.
Blythe dolls were only sold for one year in the U.S. (produced in Hong Kong) and also in the UK, Australia and Japan, during 1972.
In 1997, New York TV and video producer Gina Garan was given a 1972 Kenner Blythe by a friend and began using it to practice her photographic skills.
In 1999, she was introduced to CWC's Junko Wong by artist and illustrator, Jeffrey Fulvimari who brought Blythe to the attention of Parco and toy executives.
In 2001, Hasbro (the current trademark and license owner) gave Takara of Japan and CWC a license to produce the New Edition of Blythe (Neo Blythe).
Blythe was used in a television advertising campaign by Parco, the fashion branch of Seibu Department Stores in Japan and was an instant hit.
The success in Japan led Hasbro to issue a license to Ashton-Drake Galleries in 2004 to sell Blythe replica dolls in the United States, where the doll became a niche product in a marginal market, selling largely to adults.
The first Petite dolls were keychains, and after some time the design was changed so the Petite eyes would close when the doll was laid down.
Older dolls are sought after in the collectors market, and can sell for as high as several thousand dollars for an original Kenner doll to a thousand dollars or more for the first edition Neo dolls from Takara.
In 1972 Kenner released versions of the doll with four hair colors in the U.S., a brunette with chunky bangs, a sidepart brunette, a darker brunette with thinner bangs, a sidepart blonde, a red head with bangs, and a sidepart redhead.
Under the creative direction of Junko Wong, CWC has produced 207 Neo Blythes, 211 Petites, and 17 of the newest addition to the Blythe line: the Middie Blythe dolls.
Two more face molds followed the BL mold, the Excellent mold, or EBL, and the Superior mold, or SBL, in 2003.
In 2006 a new face mold, the Radiant mold or RBL, was introduced to look more Kenner-like, including slightly wider eyes.
In 2013, due to wearing in the Radiance mold, or RBL, a new mold called Radiance+, or RBL+, was released and it's supposed to look exactly like the Radiance mold.
Some changes were made in the eye mechanism as well, it became a lot lighter and easier to change the eyes compared to older releases.
By 2013, Hasbro left the Petite Blythes behind to new redesigned doll which seemed to be the end of the collaboration between the brands, despite the doll still being called Blythe, the Blythe logo was no longer used.
In December 2013 Takara/CWC released the Petite Blythe Suri Tebya Lyublyu after 2 years since the Petite Blythe Birthday Party Surprise.
Ashton-Drake Galleries produced nearly exact replicas of the 5 original Kenner dolls in 2005-2006, along with replicas based on the original Kenner outfits.
Young Brown was educated at St John's College, Cambridge; after graduating at the head of the list of wranglers in 1735, he took holy orders, and was appointed minor canon and lecturer at Carlisle.
In 1745 he distinguished himself in the defence of Carlisle as a volunteer, and in 1747 was appointed chaplain to Richard Osbaldiston, on his admission to the bishopric of Carlisle.
In 1756 he was promoted by the earl of Hardwicke to the living of Great Horkesley in Essex, and in the following year he took the degree of D.D.
Published within weeks of one another, the three works shaped an intellectual offensive with aesthetic and moral goals mounted on an educational platform.
Brown was consulted in connection with a scheme of education which Catherine II of Russia desired to introduce into her dominions.
A memorandum on the subject by Dr Brown led to an offer on her part to entertain him at St Petersburg as her adviser on the subject.
He had bought a postchaise and various other things for the journey, when he was persuaded to relinquish the design on account of his gout.
In biology and biochemistry, protease inhibitors, or antiproteases, are molecules that inhibit the function of proteases (enzymes that aid the breakdown of proteins).
In 2004 Rawlings and colleagues introduced a classification of protease inhibitors based on similarities detectable at the level of amino acid sequence.
This classification initially identified 48 families of inhibitors that could be grouped into 26 related superfamily (or clans) by their structure.
Proteinase propeptide inhibitors (sometimes referred to as activation peptides) are responsible for the modulation of folding and activity of the peptidase pro-enzyme or zymogen.
It seems likely that in both cases it is the C-terminus which becomes the active inhibitor after post-translational modifications of the full length, pre-peptide.
It binds to the La homotetramer but does not interfere with the ATP binding site or the active site of La.
The inhibitor I29 domain, which belongs to MEROPS peptidase inhibitor family I29, is found at the N-terminus of a variety of peptidase precursors that belong to MEROPS peptidase subfamily C1A; these include cathepsin L, papain, and procaricain.
In the absence of saccharopepsin it is largely unstructured, but in its presence, the inhibitor undergoes a conformational change forming an almost perfect alpha-helix from Asn2 to Met32 in the active site cleft of the peptidase.
It has 102 amino acid residues with two disulphide bridges and specifically inhibits metalloproteinases such as thermolysin, which belongs to MEROPS peptidase family M4.
One unique structural feature found in SMPI is in its extension between the first and second strands of the second Greek key motif which is known to be involved in the inhibitory activity of SMPI.
In the absence of sequence similarity, the SMPI structure shows clear similarity to both domains of the eye lens crystallins, both domains of the calcium sensor protein-S, as well as the single-domain yeast killer toxin.
The yeast killer toxin structure was thought to be a precursor of the two-domain beta gamma-crystallin proteins, because of its structural similarity to each domain of the beta gamma-crystallins.
SMPI thus provides another example of a single-domain protein structure that corresponds to the ancestral fold from which the two-domain proteins in the beta gamma-crystallin superfamily are believed to have evolved.
It has no similarity to any other known cysteine proteinase inhibitors but bears some similarity to a lectin-like family of proteins from mushrooms.
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (), also known as Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī (), (1247–1318) was a statesman, historian and physician in Ilkhanate-ruled Iran.
His grandfather had been a courtier to the founder Ilkhanate ruler Hulagu Khan, and Rashid al-Din's father was an apothecary at the court.
He served as vizier and physician under the Ilkhanate emperors Ghazan and Öljaitü before falling to court intrigues during the reign of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, whose ministers had him killed at the age of seventy.
The work was executed at the elaborate scriptorium Rab'-e Rashidi at Qazvin, where a large team of calligraphers and illustrators were employed to produce lavishly illustrated books.
In his narration down to the reign of Möngke Khan (1251–1259), Ata-Malik Juvayni was Rashid al-Din's main source; however, he also utilized numerous now-lost Far Eastern and other sources.
His treatment of the Ilkhanid period seems to be biased, as he himself was a high official, yet it is still seen as the most valuable written source for the dynasty.
This was the product of the geographical extension of the Mongol Empire, and is most clearly reflected in this work by Rashid al-Din.
The text describes the different peoples with whom the Mongols came into contact and is one of the first attempts to transcend a single cultural perspective and to treat history on a universal scale.
In order to facilitate this, he set aside a fund to pay for the annual transcription of two complete manuscripts of his works, one in Arabic and one in Persian.
In 1318, Rashid al-Din was charged with having poisoned Öljaitü and was executed on July 13, at the age of seventy.
A century later, during the reign of Timur's son Miran Shah, Rashid al-Din's bones were exhumed from the Muslim cemetery and reburied in the Jewish cemetery.
He graduated with an M. D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1833, and practised as a physician in the city.
Brown subsequently acquired a large medical practice in Edinburgh at a time when infectious diseases took a heavy toll of life.
However, Jock was to survive into the 20th century and worked hard to pay tribute to his father, collecting all his letters, and working to erect a plaque on his house.
In 1847 Brown became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and for a while was Honorary Librarian.
He held strong views on the inappropriateness of examinations for evaluating student progress and was unimpressed by the view that scientific advances were in patients' best interests.
His first writing was in response to a request for contributions to the notices of paintings exhibited by the Royal Scottish Academy.
Among those whose writing he encouraged was Henrietta Keddie, then a schoolgirl in Leith, who would become a prolific novelist and writer for children.
In the mingling of tenderness and delicate humour, Brown has much in common with Lamb; in his insight into dog-nature he is unique.
on 11 May 1882, and was buried in his father's plot in New Calton Cemetery The grave lies on the western side on the edge of one of the terraces.
The first building constructed on the Reynolda campus of Wake Forest University, it was named in memory of Samuel Wait, the university's first president, in October 1956.
In the late 1990s the chapel became the center of controversy when members of the church decided to conduct a same-sex commitment ceremony.
Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life.
The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors).
They are notable for their unusual mechanism of action, in which they irreversibly inhibit their target protease by undergoing a large conformational change to disrupt its active site.
This contrasts with the more common competitive mechanism for protease inhibitors that bind to and block access to the protease active site.
Protease inhibition by serpins controls an array of biological processes, including coagulation and inflammation, and consequently these proteins are the target of medical research.
The conformational-change mechanism confers certain advantages, but it also has drawbacks: serpins are vulnerable to mutations that can result in serpinopathies such as protein misfolding and the formation of inactive long-chain polymers.
Serpin polymerisation not only reduces the amount of active inhibitor, but also leads to accumulation of the polymers, causing cell death and organ failure.
Although most serpins control proteolytic cascades, some proteins with a serpin structure are not enzyme inhibitors, but instead perform diverse functions such as storage (as in egg white—ovalbumin), transport as in hormone carriage proteins (thyroxine-binding globulin, cortisol-binding globulin) and molecular chaperoning (HSP47).
Protease inhibitory activity in blood plasma was first reported in the late 1800s, but it was not until the 1950s that the serpins antithrombin and alpha 1-antitrypsin were isolated.
Initial research focused on their role in human disease: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is one of the most common genetic disorders, causing emphysema, and antithrombin deficiency results in thrombosis.
In the 1980s, it became clear that these inhibitors were part of superfamily of related proteins that included both protease inhibitors (e.g.
Around the same time, the first structures were solved for serpin proteins (first in the relaxed, and later in the stressed conformation).
The structures indicated that the inhibitory mechanism involved an unusual conformational change and prompted the subsequent structural focus of serpin studies.
Over 1000 serpins have now been identified, including 36 human proteins, as well as molecules in all kingdoms of life—animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and archaea—and some viruses.
In the 2000s, a systematic nomenclature was introduced in order to categorise members of the serpin superfamily based on their evolutionary relationships.
These enzymes differ from serineproteases in that they use a nucleophilic cysteine residue, rather than a serine, in their active site.
Nonetheless, the enzymatic chemistry is similar, and the mechanism of inhibition by serpins is the same for both classes of protease.
Examples of cross-class inhibitory serpins include serpin B4 a squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA-1) and the avian serpin myeloid and erythroid nuclear termination stage-specific protein (MENT), which both inhibit papain-like cysteine proteases.
For example, extracellular serpins regulate the proteolytic cascades central to blood clotting (antithrombin), the inflammatory and immune responses (antitrypsin, antichymotrypsin, and C1-inhibitor) and tissue remodelling (PAI-1).
The table of human serpins (below) provides examples of the range of functions performed by human serpin, as well as some of the diseases that result from serpin deficiency.
The protease targets of intracellular inhibitory serpins have been difficult to identify, since many of these molecules appear to perform overlapping roles.
In doing so, Serpin B9 may protect against inadvertent release of granzyme B and premature or unwanted activation of cell death pathways.
The cowpox viral serpin CrmA (cytokine response modifier A) is used in order to avoid inflammatory and apoptotic responses of infected host cells.
CrmA increases infectivity by suppressing its host's inflammatory response through inhibition of IL-1 and IL-18 processing by the cysteine protease caspase-1.
For example, the nuclear cysteine protease inhibitor MENT, in birds also acts as a chromatin remodelling molecule in a bird's red blood cells.
The A-sheet includes two β-strands that are in a parallel orientation with a region between them called the 'shutter', and upper region called the 'breach'.
Structures have been solved showing the RCL either fully exposed or partially inserted into the A-sheet, and serpins are thought to be in dynamic equilibrium between these two states.
The RCL also only makes temporary interactions with the rest of the structure, and is therefore highly flexible and exposed to the solvent.
The serpin structures that have been determined cover several different conformations, which has been necessary for the understanding of their multiple-step mechanism of action.
The conformational change involves the RCL moving to the opposite end of the protein and inserting into β-sheet A, forming an extra antiparallel β-strand.
However, when a serpin is cleaved by a protease, it rapidly undergoes the S to R transition before the acyl-enzyme intermediate is hydrolysed.
The efficiency of inhibition depends on fact that the relative kinetic rate of the conformational change is several orders of magnitude faster than hydrolysis by the protease.
Since the RCL is still covalently attached to the protease via the ester bond, the S to R transition pulls protease from the top to the bottom of the serpin and distorts the catalytic triad.
The distorted protease can only hydrolyse the acyl enzyme intermediate extremely slowly and so the protease remains covalently attached for days to weeks.
Serpins are classed as irreversible inhibitors and as suicide inhibitors since each serpin protein permanently inactivates a single protease, and can only function once.
The X-ray crystal structures of antithrombin, heparin cofactor II, MENT and murine antichymotrypsin reveal that these serpins adopt a conformation wherein the first two amino acids of the RCL are inserted into the top of the A β-sheet.
The partially inserted conformation is important because co-factors are able to conformationally switch certain partially inserted serpins into a fully expelled form.
The primary specificity determining residue (the P1 arginine) points toward the body of the serpin and is unavailable to the protease.
Upon binding a high-affinity pentasaccharide sequence within long-chain heparin, antithrombin undergoes a conformational change, RCL expulsion, and exposure of the P1 arginine.
Heparin, therefore, also acts as a template for binding of both protease and serpin, further dramatically accelerating the interaction between the two parties.
For example, after injury to the blood vessel wall, heparin is exposed, and antithrombin is activated to control the clotting response.
Understanding of the molecular basis of this interaction enabled the development of Fondaparinux, a synthetic form of Heparin pentasaccharide used as an anti-clotting drug.
Certain serpins spontaneously undergo the S to R transition without having been cleaved by a protease, to form a conformation termed the latent state.
Since the RCL is still intact, the first strand of the C-sheet has to peel off to allow full RCL insertion.
Similarly, antithrombin can also spontaneously convert to the latent state, as an additional modulation mechanism to its allosteric activation by heparin.
For example, the native (S) form of thyroxine-binding globulin has high affinity for thyroxine, whereas the cleaved (R) form has low affinity.
Thus, in these serpins, RCL cleavage and the S to R transition has been commandeered to allow for ligand release, rather than protease inhibition.
One mechanism by which this occurs in mammals is via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which binds to inhibitory complexes made by antithrombin, PA1-1, and neuroserpin, causing cellular uptake.
Serpins are involved in a wide array of physiological functions, and so mutations in genes encoding them can cause a range of diseases.
The majority of serpin-related diseases are the result of serpin polymerisation into aggregates, though several other types of disease-linked mutations also occur.
Mutations that affect the rate or the extent of RCL insertion into the A-sheet can cause the serpin to undergo its S to R conformational change before having engaged a protease.
Since a serpin can only make this conformational change once, the resulting misfired serpin is inactive and unable to properly control its target protease.
Similarly, mutations that promote inappropriate transition to the monomeric latent state cause disease by reducing the amount of active inhibitory serpin.
The bottom half of the sheet is filled as a result of one of the α-helices (the F-helix) partially switching to a β-strand conformation, completing the β-sheet hydrogen bonding.
It is unclear whether other serpins can adopt this conformer, and whether this conformation has a functional role, but it is speculated that the δ-conformation may be adopted by Thyroxine-binding globulin during thyroxine release.
Gene knockouts, particularly in mice, are used experimentally to determine the normal functions of serpins by the effect of their absence.
In some rare cases, a single amino acid change in a serpin's RCL alters its specificity to target the wrong protease.
Well-characterised serpinopathies include α1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha-1), which may cause familial emphysema and sometimes liver cirrhosis, certain familial forms of thrombosis related to antithrombin deficiency, types 1 and 2 hereditary angioedema (HAE) related to deficiency of C1-inhibitor, and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB; a rare type of dementia caused by neuroserpin polymerisation).
Second, the hyperstable polymers themselves clog up the endoplasmic reticulum of cells that synthesize serpins, eventually resulting in cell death and tissue damage.
In the case of antitrypsin deficiency, antitrypsin polymers cause the death of liver cells, sometimes resulting in liver damage and cirrhosis.
Physiological serpin polymers are thought to form via domain swapping events, where a segment of one serpin protein inserts into another.
Domain-swaps occur when mutations or environmental factors interfere with the final stages of serpin folding to the native state, causing high-energy intermediates to misfold.
The domain-swapped trimer (of antitrypsin) forms via the exchange of an entirely different region of the structure, the B-sheet (with each molecule's RCL inserted into its own A-sheet).
It has also been proposed that serpins may form domain-swaps by inserting the RCL of one protein into the A-sheet of another (A-sheet polymerisation).
These domain-swapped dimer and trimer structures are thought to be the building blocks of the disease-causing polymer aggregates, but the exact mechanism is still unclear.
In animal models, gene targeting in induced pluripotent stem cells has been successfully used to correct an antitrypsin polymerisation defect and to restore the ability of the mammalian liver to secrete active antitrypsin.
They were initially believed to be restricted to eukaryote organisms, but have since been found in bacteria, archaea and some viruses.
It remains unclear whether prokaryote genes are the descendants of an ancestral prokaryotic serpin or the product of horizontal gene transfer from eukaryotes.
Most intracellular serpins belong to a single phylogenetic clade, whether they come from plants or animals, indicating that the intracellular and extracellular serpins may have diverged before the plants and animals.
Exceptions include the intracellular heat shock serpin HSP47, which is a chaperone essential for proper folding of collagen, and cycles between the cis-Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum.
The human serpin naming system is based upon a phylogenetic analysis of approximately 500 serpins from 2001, with proteins named serpinXY, where X is the clade of the protein and Y the number of the protein within that clade.
The functions of human serpins have been determined by a combination of biochemical studies, human genetic disorders, and knockout mouse models.
Uterine serpins are produced by the endometrium of a restricted group of mammals in the Laurasiatheria clade under the influence of progesterone or estrogen.
They are probably not functional proteinase inhibitors and may function during pregnancy to inhibit maternal immune responses against the conceptus or to participate in transplacental transport.
Amino acid sequence analysis has placed 14 of these serpins in serpin clade Q and three in serpin clade K with the remaining twelve classified as orphan serpins not belonging to any clade.
As well as its central role in embryonic patterning, toll signaling is also important for the innate immune response in insects.
The RCL of several serpins from wheat grain and rye contain poly-Q repeat sequences similar to those present in the prolamin storage proteins of the endosperm.
It has therefore been suggested that plant serpins may function to inhibit proteases from insects or microbes that would otherwise digest grain storage proteins.
In support of this hypothesis, specific plant serpins have been identified in the phloem sap of pumpkin (CmPS-1) and cucumber plants.
Dockerins are commonly found in proteins that localise to the fungal cellulosome, a large extracellular multiprotein complex that breaks down cellulose.
In particular, serpins expressed by pox viruses, including cow pox (vaccinia) and rabbit pox (myxoma), are of interest because of their potential use as novel therapeutics for immune and inflammatory disorders as well as transplant therapy.
Crma and Serp2 are both cross-class inhibitors and target both serine (granzyme B; albeit weakly) and cysteine proteases (caspase 1 and caspase 8).
Robert Lawrence Trask (10 November 1944 – 27 March 2004) was an American–British professor of linguistics at the University of Sussex, and an authority on the Basque language and the field of historical linguistics.
Born in Olean, New York, he initially studied chemistry in his home country, but after a brief stint in the Peace Corps he took an interest in linguistics.
He received his doctorate in linguistics from the University of London, and thereafter taught at various universities in the United Kingdom.
He was at work compiling an etymological dictionary of that language when he died; the unfinished work was posthumously published on the Internet by Max W. Wheeler.
Hosted by Al Franken, it featured commentary and interviews arguing for left-wing positions on the issues of the day, and comically poking fun at the George W. Bush Administration.
Between January 3, 2006, and February 14, 2007, the show was recorded and broadcast from the 28th floor of the historic Foshay Tower in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The final show was broadcast on February 14, 2007, the day Franken announced his candidacy for the United States Senate in 2008.
Bush won a second term on November 2, 2004, but Franken stated that the show would continue whether a Democrat or a Republican was in office.
The channel inked a new contract with Franken and aired a second season of the show from June 6, 2005 until early November 2005.
On November 15, 2006, Air America affiliate KQKE-AM in San Francisco announced that Franken would leave Air America on December 10, as indicated by an audio clip posted on Whatamockery.com.
On his January 29, 2007, show, Franken announced that his last show on Air America Radio would be that Valentine's Day.
Affiliates who carried the Franken show carried Thom Hartmann after that date, while XM Satellite Radio now carries Ed Schultz in that time slot.
The show's regular guests included respected progressive issues and current events analysts: Jonathan Alter, David Brock, Joe Conason, John Dickerson, James Fallows, Howard Fineman, Christy Harvey, Paul Krugman, Thomas Oliphant, Norman Ornstein, George Packer, Melanie Sloan, David Sirota, Bernie Sanders, and Lawrence O'Donnell Jr.
The Norwegian Police Security Service (, ) is the police security agency of Norway, somewhat comparable to the British MI5 (Security Service).
In addition, PST is in charge of all VIP protection domestically and abroad except for the royal family, which has its own independent escort service.
PST is, unlike all ordinary police services, not a part of the National Police Directorate, but placed directly under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security.
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyy (' for Controlled Active Satellite), or US-A, also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT (GRAU index 17F16K), was a series of Soviet reconnaissance satellites.
Because a return signal from an ordinary target illuminated by a radar transmitter diminishes as the inverse of the fourth power of the distance, for the surveillance radar to work effectively, US-A satellites had to be placed in low Earth orbit.
Had they used large solar panels for power, the orbit would have rapidly decayed due to drag through the upper atmosphere.
The US-A programme was responsible for orbiting a total of 33 nuclear reactors, 31 of them BES-5 types with a capacity of providing about two kilowatts of power for the radar unit.
In addition, in 1987 the Soviets launched two larger TOPAZ nuclear reactors (six kilowatts) in Kosmos satellites (Kosmos 1818 and Kosmos 1867) which were each capable of 6 months of operation.
The higher-orbiting TOPAZ-containing satellites were the major source of orbital contamination for satellites that sensed gamma-rays for astronomical and security purposes, as radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) do not generate significant gamma radiation as compared with unshielded satellite fission reactors, and all of the BES-5-containing spacecraft orbited too low to cause positron-pollution in the magnetosphere.
Janjevci (, , ), current trend (but not official) attempting to use colloquial Kosovo Croats (, ) are the Croat community in Kosovo, inhabiting the town of Janjevo and surrounding villages near Pristina, as well as villages centered on Letnica near Vitina (Šašare, Vrnez and Vrnavokolo), who are also known as Letničani.
It is believed that the community descends from migrating merchants from the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik and its hinterland) who settled the area in the 14th century, when modern-day Kosovo was part of medieval Serbia.
The first written mention of Catholics in Janjevo is a letter written by Pope Benedict XI in 1303, mentioning Janjevo as the center of the Catholic parish of St. Nicholas.
There are currently studies trying to establish a connection between Janjevci, who left Republic of Ragusa or Dubrovnik at the same time that another group crossed the Adriatic Sea and settled in Italy, known as Molise Croats who speak Italian language with Slavomolisano dialect.
In 1948, there were 5,290 Croats (0.7%) in Kosovo; in 1971 there were 8,264; in 1981 - 8,718 (0.6%); in 1991 - 8,062 (0.4%).
By the beginning of the 1970s, there was a large community of Janjevci along and within the vicinity of Konjšćinska Street in Dubrava, a district in the eastern part of Zagreb.
During the Yugoslav Wars, a significant part of the Janjevci emigrated to Croatia in several waves (1992, 1995, 1997, 1999), and Letničani were settled by the authorities in Voćin and Đulovac (western Slavonia) and Janjevci in Kistanje (the Dalmatian hinterland) in the abandoned homes of Serbs.
According to records in 2002, there are 966 families of Janjevci in Croatia, with the majority of them residing in the capital Zagreb (669 families), and the rest in other parts of Croatia (297 families).
It is particularly well known for the huge Preikestolen cliff overlooking the fjord, which is a major tourist destination for the region.
The fairly isolated village of Lysebotn lies at the eastern end of the fjord and the villages of Forsand and Oanes both lie at the western end of the fjord near the Lysefjord Bridge, the only crossing of the fjord.
The fjord was carved by the action of glaciers in the ice ages and was flooded by the sea when the later glaciers retreated.
Starting at a depth of only deep where it meets the sea near Forsand village, the Lysefjord then heads inland and drops to a depth of over below the Preikestolen.
Because of the inhospitable, mountainous terrain, the fjord is only lightly populated and only has two villages on its length - Forsand and Lysebotn, located at opposite ends of the fjord.
There are a few other very small, scattered settlements along the fjord, but those are only accessible by boat along the fjord.
Lysebotn, at the far eastern end of the fjord, is largely populated by workers at the nearby hydroelectric plants at Lyse and Tjodan, both built inside the mountains.
A spectacular road which rises almost through a series of 27 hairpin bends including a long hairpin tunnel inside the mountain is the only road access to Lysebotn from the outside world.
Lysefjorden is an extremely popular tourist attraction and day trip from the nearby city of Stavanger, from where cruise ships travel the full distance of the fjord.
The towering cliff of Preikestolen, located above the fjord with a vertical drop of , can be seen from the fjord, but is more impressive from above.
French writer Victor Hugo wrote the novel, Toilers of the Sea, in which he admires the scenery of the fjord after a visit here in 1866.
John Brown (July 12, 1784 – October 13, 1858) was a Scottish minister and theologian, known for his exegesis as a preacher.
He studied at Glasgow university, and afterwards at the divinity hall of the Burgher branch of the Secession church at Selkirk, under George Lawson.
Transferred in 1822 to the charge of Rose Street church, Edinburgh, he at once took a high rank as a preacher.
The first in Scotland to use in the pulpit the exegetical method of exposition of Scripture, and as a professor he illustrated the method and extended its use.
To him chiefly is due the abandonment of the principle of interpretation according to the analogy of faith, which practically subordinated the Bible to the creed.
He had a considerable share in the Apocrypha controversy; and he was throughout life a vigorous and consistent upholder of anti-state-church or voluntary views.
The part he took in the discussion on the Atonement, which agitated all the Scottish churches, led to a formal charge of heresy against him by those who held the doctrine of a limited atonement.
From that time he enjoyed the thorough confidence of his denomination (after 1847 merged in the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland), of which in his later years he was generally regarded as the leading representative.
In the Ming dynasty, the Emperor held morning court sessions at the Gate of Supreme Harmony to discuss state affairs with his ministers, although throughout most of the Ming dynasty the court sessions were purely ceremonial, a demonstration of the Emperor's diligence and the status of the titular first minister.
In the Qing dynasty, when the Emperor attended court far more frequently, morning court sessions were held at the Gate of Heavenly Purity, which is much closer to the Emperor's living quarters.
The gate and the Meridian Gate form the north and south boundaries of a great plaza that is divided by a serpentine waterway, the Inner River of the Golden Water, which is spanned by a set of five bridges.
On the north (inner) side of the gate is Harmony Square, leading to the grand Hall of Supreme Harmony, the ceremonial centre of the Forbidden City.
The central stairway was reserved exclusively for the Emperor and his immediate attendants, as was the central entrance of Meridian Gate.
She joined the England team in 1980 as a reserve goalie to Pauline Gibbon, and became actual goalie when Gibbon retired in 1985.
In 2012, she founded Lady Parts Justice, an organization dedicated to raising awareness of legislative attempts to block women's reproductive freedoms.
On May 20, 2013 she received public backlash after sending tweets joking about a tornado that struck outside of Oklahoma City.
Rhodes alleged that unless she renegotiated her contract to remove a right in her contract that did not allow Air America to fire her, she would never be permitted to return to the air.
Air America suspended her until a settlement could be reached concerning the contract which was still in place and had an additional year to run.
According to Rhodes, it was Air America who issued the press release that called attention to the video of her performance in San Francisco simply as a way to gauge her audience loyalty and her value to the network.
According to Rhodes, Air America soon asked her to return to the air, with an offer of more money but still holding to the condition that she had to amend her contract.
On April 9, 2008, Air America Radio CEO Charlie Kireker issued a press release stating that Rhodes was leaving the network, in the aftermath of a brief suspension following a controversial live appearance in San Francisco.
The Randi Rhodes show returned to the airwaves on April 21, 2008 on 23 affiliate stations, compared to Air America's 60 affiliates.
As of May 5, 2008, the show was heard on 28 stations, including XM 167, the Air America channel on XM Radio.
She also reiterated in this same episode that the issue with Air America was primarily about Air America's new owners demanding her contract be amended to remove her walk-away clause, and that another issue was her high salary.
However, Rhodes stopped broadcasting on Nova M on February 3, 2009, with shows hosted by Nancy Skinner until the closing of the network.
A statement from one of the Nova M network owners appeared on their official website, but offered no explanation, claiming terms of Rhodes' contract.
Premiere announced that Rhodes would be joining the network beginning May 11, 2009, and would air daily in the 3-6 PM Eastern time slot.
As of February 11, 2016, Randi Rhodes started a Kickstarter campaign to return, this time her show appears to not be returning to radio, but live streaming on the internet.
The Randi Rhodes Show can now be heard and seen live weekdays from 3 to 5pm ET via Progressive Voices Network with their app and Randi's - YouTube, Facebook, Tunein pages, and is also available as a paid podcast to subscribers.
In electronics, a virtual ground (or virtual earth) is a node of a circuit that is maintained at a steady reference potential, without being connected directly to the reference potential.
The virtual ground concept aids circuit analysis in operational amplifier and other circuits and provides useful practical circuit effects that would be difficult to achieve in other ways.
In circuit theory, a node may have any value of current or voltage but physical implementations of a virtual ground will have limitations of current handling ability and a non-zero impedance which may have practical side effects.
Since an operational amplifier has very high open-loop gain, the potential difference between its inputs tend to zero when a feedback network is implemented.
This means that the output supplies the inverting input (via the feedback network) with enough voltage to reduce the potential difference between the inputs to microvolts.
More precisely, it can be shown that the output voltage of the amplifier in the figure is approximately equal to formula_2.
Thus, as far as the amplifier is working in its linear region (output not saturated, frequencies inside the range of the opamp), the voltage at the output terminal remains constant with respect to the real ground, and independent from the loads to which it may be connected.
In order to deal only with a voltage (an electrical potential) of a single point, the second point has to be connected to a reference point (ground).
Usually, the power supply terminals serve as steady grounds; when the internal points of compound power sources are accessible, they can also serve as real grounds.
The district is located northeast of the city of Stavanger and east of the city of Haugesund and it encompasses about 60% of the county's area.
To the east, Ryfylke borders the districts of Setesdal and Sirdal, to the south is Jæren, and to the west is Haugalandet.
The landscape of Ryfylke is characterized by high mountains in the interior; the highest and wildest are located in the north and are formed by hard, igneous rock.
This moraine led professor Jens Esmark (in 1824) to formulate the theory of an ice age over Scandinavia and other parts of the world.
The history of Martin began in 1978 when founder Peter Johansen realized how to make a smoke generator from a coffee maker.
The company was founded in Aarhus in 1986 and began producing primarily fog machines and a small selection of disco lights in 1987.
In 1994 the revenue exceeded 100 million Danish kroner and in 1995 the company was listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange raising a net value of 85.5 million Danish kroner.
Martin expanded production in 2002 through a new 11.500 square meter factory in Frederikshavn and a year later the company began outsourcing production to China at a factory in Zhuhai.
Martin enjoyed continued growth until 2008 but was hit hard by the financial crisis and reported a loss of more than 200 million Danish kroner in 2009 and had layoffs of 130 employees at their production sites in Frederikshavn.
In 2010 the Confederation of Danish Industries awarded with its annual product price for the MAC 350 Entour LED based automated lighting fixture.
Martin started moving its production back to Denmark in the first half of 2012 their factory in Frederikshavn with 26 new employees.
The acquisition led to the release of the Mach brand which was sold to a cooperation of Canadian and Hong Kong investors.
the Beijing 2008 summer olympics where Martin was the main provider of automated lighting with over 1100 luminaries at the opening ceremony.
Furthermore, Martin is one of the chief technology companies in the Aarhus area, and has a strategic partnership with Aarhus University School of Engineering.
By 1997, the company realized its full potential as a leading manufacturer in the emerging market of DMX intelligent stage lighting products with the launch of the MAC 500 and 600.
In addition to moving heads, Martin also manufactures flat mirror and rotating drum-style scanners, strobes, color changers, semi-intelligent effects, LED fixtures, controllers for Intelligent lighting, media servers and a line of smoke machines.
Martin's current product line includes the Martin MAC Viper, the LED MAC Quantum series and MAC Aura and the RUSH DJ range, a successor to the Martin Mania range.
In 1897, he left for Italy to study at the Italo–Albanian college of San Demetrio Corone (Collegio of Sant'Adriano) under Girolamo De Rada, who was to exercise a strong influence on him.
In Naples, he came into contact with Arbëresh literary and political figures and published Albanian school texts and a book on prosody.
In 1908, after the revolution of the Young Turks, Gurakuqi returned definitively to Albania and soon became a leading figure in the nationalist movement, which led to the country's independence in 1912.
Together with Gjergj Fishta, he represented the Bashkimi (Unity) literary society of Shkodër at the Congress of Monastir in 1908, and, in September 1909, he attended the Congress of Elbasan, which was held to organize Albanian-language teaching and education.
Gurakuqi took part in the uprising in the Malësori uprising in 1911, the uprising in southern Albania in 1912, and in March of that year traveled to Skopje and Gjakova to stir up support for open resistance to Turkish rule and the inclusion of Kosovo in a new Albanian state.
By September 1912, Gurakuqi and Ismail Qemal bey Vlora traveled to Bucharest to consult with the large Albanian diaspora regarding Albanian geopolitical issues.
Gurakuqi took part in the declaration of Albanian independence in Vlora on 28 November 1912 and served as minister of education in the first Albanian government, headed by Ismail Qemal.
In 1915, when his native Shkodër was occupied by Montenegrin troops, Gurakuqi was taken prisoner and jailed in Montenegro until after the invasion of Austro–Hungarian forces.
In 1916, he played a role in the Albanian Literary Commission on Albanian orthography, which also served to encourage the publication of Albanian language school texts.
During the Austro–Hungarian occupation of Shkodër, he served as director general of education and assisted in establishing about 200 elementary schools.
In 1924 Gurakuqi was one of the leaders of the revolution that overthrew the regime of Ahmet Zogu and established a democratic government.
Fan S. Noli became the new Prime Minister, while Luigj Gurakuqi was part of the new cabinet as Minister of Economy and Finance.
In August 1924, Gurakuqi traveled to Geneva to defend Albanian interests at the League of Nations, but with the overthrow of Fan Noli's democratic administration by the more authoritarian Zogu forces, he was forced to flee to Italy.
After the restoration of the Zogist regime, Gurakuqi lived in Bari,Italy, where he was murdered in a café by Baltjon Stambolla.
Luigj Gurakuqi served the national cause not only by playing an active role in public life, but also by contributing informative articles to a good number of Albanian periodicals.
The town of Shkodra has always been proud of Luigj Gurakuqi, and on 29 May 1991, it named the newly founded university there after him.
Hawkins' vision—influenced by his relationship with Jerry Moss—was that producers would manage artists and repertoire in the same way as in the music business, and Hawkins brought in record producers from A&M Records to help train those first producers.
There are relatively few superstars of game production that parallel those in film, in part because top producers are usually employed by publishers who choose to play down publicizing their contributions.
For an internal producer, associate producers tend to specialize in an area of expertise depending on the team they are producing for and what skills they have a background in.
A normal producer is usually the project manager and is in charge of delivering the product to the publisher on time and on budget.
An executive producer will be managing all of the products in the company and making sure that the games are on track to meet their goals and stay within the company's goals and direction.
For an external producer, their job responsibilities may focus mainly on overseeing several projects being worked on by a number of developers.
While keeping updated on the progress of the games being developed externally, they inform the upper management of the publisher of the status of the pending projects and any problems they may be experiencing.
If a publisher's producer is overseeing a game being developed internally, their role is more akin to that of an internal producer and will generally only work on one game or a few small games.
Based on filmmaking traditions, line producers focus on project scheduling and costing to ensure titles are completed on time and on budget.
While it is customary for the producer to meet with the entire development staff from time to time, for larger games, they will only meet with the leads on a regular basis to keep updated on the development status.
In smaller studios, a producer may fill any slack in the production team by doing the odd job of writing the game manual or producing game assets.
For most games, the producer does not have a large role but does have some influence on the development of the video game design.
While not a game designer, the producer has to weave the wishes of the publisher or upper management into the design.
Employers typically require three plus years of experience, since a producer has to have gone through the development cycle several times to really understand how unpredictable the business is.
The most common path to becoming a video game producer begins by first working as a game tester, then moving up the quality assurance ladder, and then eventually on to production.
This is easier to accomplish if one stays with the same studio, reaping the benefits of having built relationships with the production department.
At the age of eighteen Sydenham attended Magdalen Hall, Oxford; after a short period his college studies appear to have been interrupted, and he served for a time as an officer in the Parliamentarian army during the Civil War.
He completed his Oxford course in 1648, graduating as bachelor of medicine, and about the same time he was elected a fellow of All Souls College.
It was not until nearly thirty years later (1676) that he graduated as MD, not at Oxford, but at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, where his eldest son was by then an undergraduate.
In 1663 he passed the examinations of the College of Physicians for their licence to practice in Westminster and 6 miles round; but it is probable that he had been settled in London for some time before that.
This minimum qualification to practice was the single bond between Sydenham and the College of Physicians throughout the whole of his career.
He seems to have been distrusted by some members of the faculty because he was an innovator and something of a plain-dealer.
Although Sydenham was a successful practitioner and witnessed, besides foreign reprints, more than one new edition of his various treatises called for in his lifetime, his fame as the father of English medicine, or the English Hippocrates, was posthumous.
There were, however, those among his contemporaries who understood something of Sydenham's importance in larger matters than details of treatment and pharmacy, among them Richard Morton and Thomas Browne who owned copies of several of Sydenham's books.
But the attitude of the academical medicine of the day is doubtless indicated in Martin Lister's use of the term sectaries for Sydenham and his admirers, at a time (1694) when the leader had been dead five years.
He is indeed famous because he inaugurated a new method and a better ethics of practice, the worth and diffusive influence of which did not become obvious (except to those who were on the same line with himself, such as Morton) until a good many years afterwards.
First and foremost he did the best he could for his patients, and made as little as possible of the mysteries and traditional dogmas of the craft.
Stories told of him are characteristic: Called to a gentleman who had been subjected to the lowering treatment, and finding him in a pitiful state of hysterical upset, he conceived that this was occasioned partly by his long illness, partly by the previous evacuations, and partly by emptiness.
A gentleman of fortune he diagnosed with hypochondria was at length told he could do no more for him, but that there was living at Inverness a certain Dr Robertson who had great skill in cases like his; the patient journeyed to Inverness full of hope, and, finding no doctor of the name there, came back to London full of rage, but cured withal of his complaint.
Secondly, that all his skill, and knowledge, and energy as they have been given him by God, so they should be exercised for his glory, and the good of mankind, and not for mere gain or ambition.
Thirdly, and not more beautifully than truly, let him reflect that he has undertaken the care of no mean creature, for, in order that he may estimate the value, the greatness of the human race, the only begotten Son of God became himself a man, and thus ennobled it with his divine dignity, and far more than this, died to redeem it.
The causes that he dwelt upon were the evident and conjunct causes, or, in other words, the morbid phenomena; the remote causes he thought it vain to seek after.
he regarded as a wholesome conservative effort or reaction of the organism to meet the blow of some injurious influence operating from without; in this he followed the Hippocratic teaching closely as well as the Hippocratic practice of watching and aiding the natural crises.
Chronic diseases, on the other hand, were a depraved state of the humours, mostly due to errors of diet and general manner of life, for which we ourselves were directly accountable.
Sydenham's nosological method is essentially the modern one, except that it lacked the morbid anatomy part, which was first introduced into the natural history of disease by Morgagni nearly a century later.
In both departments of nosology, the acute and the chronic, Sydenham contributed largely to the natural history by his own accurate observation and philosophical comparison of case with case and type with type.
The type of the acute disease varied, he found, according to the year and season, and the right treatment could not be adopted until the type was known.
After smallpox, the diseases to which he refers most are hysteria and gout, his description of the latter (from the symptoms in his own person) being one of the classical pieces of medical writing.
He is buried in St James's Church, Piccadilly, where a mural slab was put up by the College of Physicians in 1810.
Among the lives of Sydenham are one (anonymous) by Samuel Johnson in John Swan's translation of his works (London, 1742), another by C. G. Kühn in his edition of his works (Leipzig, 1827), and a third by Robert Gordon Latham in his translation of his works published in London by the Sydenham Society in 1848.
The English football league system, also known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in England, with five teams from Wales, one from Guernsey and one from Jersey also competing.
The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the theoretical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system.
The exact number of clubs varies from year to year as clubs join and leave leagues, fold or merge altogether, but an estimated average of 15 clubs per division implies that more than 7,000 teams of nearly 5,300 clubs are members of a league in the English men's football league system.
As there are no official definitions of any level below 11, any references to the structure at level 12 and below should not be regarded as definitive.
The pyramid for women's football in England runs separately to nine tiers and some England-based men's clubs play outside the English football league system.
The twelve founding members consisted of six from Lancashire (Accrington, Blackburn Rovers, Burnley, Bolton Wanderers, Everton and Preston North End) and six from the Midlands (Aston Villa, Derby County, Notts County, Stoke, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers).
A certain number of the most successful clubs in each league can rise to a higher league, whilst those that finish the season at the bottom of their league can find themselves sinking down a level.
In addition to sporting performance, promotion is usually contingent on meeting criteria set by the higher league, especially concerning appropriate facilities and finances.
In theory, it is possible for a lowly local amateur club to achieve annual promotions and within a few years rise to the pinnacle of the English game and become champions of the Premier League.
While this may be unlikely in practice (at the very least, in the short run), there certainly is significant movement within the pyramid.
At the lower levels the existence of leagues becomes intermittent, although in some of the more densely populated areas there are leagues more than twenty layers below the Premier League.
There are also leagues in various parts of the country which are not officially part of the system as they do not have formal agreements with other leagues, but are recognised at various levels by county football associations.
Clubs from these leagues may, if they feel they meet the appropriate standard of play and have suitable facilities, apply to join a league which does form part of the system.
The seven levels immediately below the Premier League and English Football League are known as the National League System and come under the jurisdiction of The Football Association.
In the most recent major re-organisation, two new leagues were entered at level six – the Conference North and Conference South (now National League North and South) – shifting the top divisions of the Southern League, Isthmian League and Northern Premier League down to level seven.
There are also some Saturday leagues which are not officially part of the pyramid, although teams frequently leave these for pyramid leagues.
Below the Premier League is the English Football League (EFL) (formerly 'the Football League'), which is divided into three divisions of 24 clubs each: The Championship (Level 2), League One (Level 3) and League Two (Level 4).
The Premier League members are still often referred to as 'League' clubs because, before the establishment of the Premier League in 1992, the Football League, as it was called then, included all 92 clubs, in four divisions.
It contains a national division (National League) of 24 clubs (Level 5), and is the lowest level with a single nationwide league.
There are two divisions at Level 6, covering the north (National League North) and south (National League South), with 22 clubs each.
Below the National League, some of the stronger clubs are semi-professional, but continuing down the tiers, soon all the clubs are amateur.
They are the Northern Premier League (which covers the north of England), Southern Football League (which covers the Midlands, south and southwest of England, with one club from South Wales) and the Isthmian League (which includes clubs from the south-east of England as well as Guernsey from the Channel Islands).
Below these, and split by region, the Northern Premier League and Southern Football League each have two parallel divisions of 20 teams (Level 8).
Each of these leagues has a different divisional setup, but they all have one thing in common: there are yet more leagues below them, each covering smaller and smaller geographical levels.
In the case of the FA Cup and the FA Vase, some of the clubs in the lowest level in each do not compete.
For instance, the 2017–18 FA Cup saw 77 teams compete from Level 10 out of the 338 in total at that level.
For each division, its official name, sponsorship name (for levels 1–8, if it differs from its historic name) and number of clubs is given.
At levels 1–8, each division promotes to the division(s) that lie directly above it and relegates to the division(s) that lie directly below it.
Level one in the pyramid, the top division of English football, is run by the Premier League (which gives its name to the competition in that division), the winners of which are regarded as the champions of England.
The leagues at levels five to eleven comprise the National League System (NLS), and come under the direct jurisdiction of the Football Association.
Edward Patrick Francis Eagan (April 26, 1897 – June 14, 1967) was an American sportsman who is notable as being the only person to win a gold medal at both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
In 1920, he competed as a boxer at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, and won the gold medal in the light-heavyweight division.
He also competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics, but failed to medal, having lost in the first round to Arthur Clifton (see Boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics - Men's heavyweight).
Eagan returned to the Olympics eight years later, this time as a member of the bobsleigh crew of Billy Fiske, who steered to victory at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid.
Eagan became the first of five Olympians to medal in both Winter and Summer Games, followed by Jacob Tullin Thams (Norway), Christa Luding-Rothenburger (East Germany), Clara Hughes (Canada), and Lauryn Williams (United States).
Eagan is one of two competitors to win gold in both Olympic seasons (the other being Gillis Grafström whose only summer gold was in figure skating).
Eagan studied law at Harvard University and later at the University of Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Oxford in 1928.
During World War II, he fought with U.S. Army on many fronts, reaching the rank of Colonel and earning numerous decorations.
Two examples are the IAGO World Tour (2007–2010) and the Abstract Games World Championship held annually since 2008 as part of the Mind Sports Olympiad.
Most players, however, would consider that although one is then starting each game from a different position, the game itself contains no luck element.
Abstract strategy games with hidden information, bluffing, or simultaneous move elements are better served by Von Neumann–Morgenstern game theory, while those with a component of luck may require probability theory incorporated into either of the above.
As for the qualitative aspects, ranking abstract strategy games according to their interest, complexity, or strategy levels is a daunting task and subject to extreme subjectivity.
In terms of measuring how finite a mathematical field each of the three top contenders represents, it is estimated that checkers has a game-tree complexity of 10 possible positions, whereas chess has approximately 10.
Much of what is now the northern part of the town was held by the Moleyns family from at least 1369, but in 1429 William Lord Moleyns was killed at the siege of Orleans and the land passed to the Hungerford family.
During the mediaeval period the main road through Carterton was one of the most important in the country, taking trains of packhorses laden with Cotswold wool over Radcot Bridge and on to Southampton for export to the weaving centres of Europe.
The pattern of the present settlement dates from 1894 when part of the estate was sold to Homesteads Limited whose director was William Carter.
Carterton, which by the late 20th century was one of the largest towns in Oxfordshire, was founded soon after 1900 as a colony of smallholders, on agricultural land in the northern part of Black Bourton parish.
The founder was William Carter of Branksome (Dorset), a speculator who, through his company Homesteads Ltd of London, bought estates in several counties, in order to establish smallholdings and attract people back to the land.
By late 1902 there were 16 houses, and the following year the new settlement, already called Carterton, was included in a local trades directory.
A small group of substantial two-storey houses for RAF personnel, called Brizewood, was built east of Swinbrook Road about 1938, and in the 1950s was expanded with uniform bungalows for American servicemen.
In 1967 an ambitious scheme was launched for controlled expansion and for regeneration of the town centre, with a ring road (Upavon Way) to serve new housing, to divert traffic from the centre, and to contain future expansion.
New RAF housing was to provide over 1,450 dwellings and private enterprise another 300, while local authorities were to provide shops and other much needed facilities around the central crossroads.
By 1976 over 2,000 houses had been built since the 1960s, those on the large RAF estates in the north-east mostly of uniform appearance with concrete exteriors, and 850 more were planned.
Settlement by then spilled over the parish boundary into Brize Norton, though on the north there was no expansion beyond the parish boundary, and expansion south of Milestone Road was constrained by the airfield perimeter.
A large transit hotel within the airfield precinct was built by the RAF in 1970 to serve military personnel and their families.
The number of people in mobile homes still caused controversy in 1980, when there were almost 250 permanent or temporary pitches distributed among several sites, and in the early 1980s some sites were closed and replaced by council houses.
A reduced scheme for the town centre was launched in 1975 after repeated delays and controversy, and Upavon Way was opened soon after.
By 1997 the town centre had been transformed: shops in a variety of styles lined the four broad main streets, interspersed with a few older buildings such as the Beehive Hotel and the former Emporium, and the crossroads was dominated by a tall domed tower built in 1996, surmounting new shops and offices.
A large Co-operative Society supermarket of flamboyant design, on the site of the earlier building on Black Bourton Road, was erected in 1998, and in 2000 work began on a major expansion programme on the town's eastern edge, to include another 1,200 houses, a shopping centre, leisure facilities, and a new access road.
Rock Farm and its converted agricultural buildings, all stone-built, survived as a small group at the intersection of Lawton and Arkell Avenues, with William Wilkinson's pair of model labourers' cottages set back from the Alvescot road between modern housing.
A variety of early settlers' houses also survived scattered among the modern buildings, though by 2004 several had been recently demolished or were semiderelict and under threat from developers, prompting mounting local controversy.
A post office was opened south of Brize Norton Road before 1907, moving in the 1920s to a single-storey corrugated-iron building at the crossroads, later to premises on Black Bourton Road, and in the 1980s to Brize Norton Road.
In 1970 another post office opened in the town's north-eastern part, but the postal service was thought inadequate and there were repeated requests for a Crown Post Office.
A branch of the London and Midland (later Midland) Bank opened before 1924, and a branch of Barclays Bank before 1928;, both were still open in the 1990s.
A two-storey police house was built north-east of the crossroads around 1916 on land owned by Oxfordshire County Council, and Carterton had a resident police constable thereafter.
In the late 1960s a new police station was built on Burford Road for a staff of eight, together with six police houses, and the original police house was demolished.
A war memorial erected at the crossroads about 1920 was moved to the new town hall on Alvescot Road in the early 1980s.
The Emporium included an upstairs room for meetings and social events, and a large, corrugated-iron Women's Institute hall on Brize Norton Road, erected in 1926 and still in use in 2004, hosted lectures, meetings, and dances.
57) Refreshment rooms were mentioned in 1924, the Beehive Hotel on Burford Road was opened in 1932, and the Golden Eagle (renamed the Olde Aviator in 1996) was opened in the former Emporium in 1954.
Land for a recreation ground north of Alvescot Road was given by Carter in 1906, and football, cricket, tennis, and bowls clubs were formed around 1920, together with a choral society.
After the Second World War social and leisure provision failed to keep pace with Carterton's rapid expansion: in 1962 there was a midwife but no doctor, chemist, or health visitor, (fn.
62) New buildings erected between 1967 and the 1980s, besides schools, included a social centre north of Alvescot Road, built in 1968 on land given two years earlier for a village hall, a health centre, and, in 1986, a branch library.
A swimming pool was built east of Swinbrook Road in 1974, and in 1981 a football club house was built between Swinbrook and Shilton Roads.
63) A youth centre was established in Allandale House by the county council about 1968, and accommodated several community groups in the late 1970s.
64) A town hall was built south of Alvescot Road in 1982–3 following adoption of town status a few years earlier, and a new leisure centre and swimming pool was opened in 2003, though more sports and leisure facilities were still felt to be needed.
An annual carnival and outdoor Christmas festivities were attended by several thousand, and annual St George's day celebrations were introduced in 1985.
67) Relations between civilians and the RAF, on which the town continued to depend economically, remained less close, encouraging perceptions of two separate communities.
Nevertheless there were occasional joint activities and some joint societies, the RAF allowing civilians to use some of its leisure and shopping facilities, and cooperating with the chamber of commerce.
In summer 1974 an outdoor swimming pool opened in Swinbrook Road; it closed in summer 2003 as it was uneconomic and the new leisure Centre was to open in November 2003.
An air raid destroyed 46 aircraft; the remainder were then dispersed round the village and one hangar which is now an Aldi supermarket on the Alvescot Road.
The RAF returned in 1965 and undertook a large building programme, making RAF Brize Norton its main air transport base in the country.
With the growth of the village, the small mission church at the central crossroads was replaced in 1963 by the church of St John the Evangelist.
The link with the mother church of St. Mary's at Black Bourton was kept alive by the donation of one of the bells from the tower.
In the first decade of the 21st century, the new Shilton Park development in Northeast Carterton was built, providing a mix of housing for private ownership and social letting.
The new St. John's Church of England primary school has been built at Shilton Park and construction of a local shopping centre is now complete.
Since the 1980s the North east side of Carterton has been developed with three new housing estates, Glenmore park, Shilton Park and Swinbrook Park of which development commenced in 2014 and will be completed in 2019.
A new Memorial Garden has been built near the town to continue the public mourning seen at Royal Wootton Bassett as military repatriations for dead service personnel have now been routed to Brize Norton.
There are a number of shops, and supermarket chains Asda, Morrisons and Aldi have stores with car parking in the town centre.
The Countryside Agency has awarded Carterton Beacon Status for the work that the Fast Forward team is undertaking on the regeneration of the town centre.
Shilton Park is the biggest which was built on an old burial ground which was rumoured to be strewn with people who were buried alive having contracted scurvy in the 16th century.
Depending on the requirements, a digital control system can take the form of a microcontroller to an ASIC to a standard desktop computer.
Although a controller may be stable when implemented as an analog controller, it could be unstable when implemented as a digital controller due to a large sampling interval.
Thus the sample rate characterizes the transient response and stability of the compensated system, and must update the values at the controller input often enough so as to not cause instability.
The digital compensator will achieve an output which approaches the output of its respective analog controller as the sampling interval is decreased.
We must never forget that the digital control theory is the technique to design strategies in discrete time, (and/or) quantized amplitude (and/or) in (binary) coded form to be implemented in computer systems (microcontrollers, microprocessors) that will control the analog (continuous in time and amplitude) dynamics of analog systems.
The area of Phalerum is now occupied by the towns Palaio Faliro, Kallithea, Moschato and Neo Faliro, all of which being part of the Athens agglomeration.
Phalerum was the major port of Athens before Themistocles had the three rocky natural harbours by the promontory of Piraeus developed as alternative, from 491 BC.
It was said that Menestheus set sail with his fleet to Troy from Phalerum, as so did Theseus when he sailed to Crete after the death of Androgeus.
Recently, archaeologists have uncovered what appear to be traces of ancient Athens’s first port before the city’s naval and shipping centre was moved to Piraeus.
The site, some 350 m from the modern coastline, contained pottery, tracks from the carts that would have served the port, and makeshift fireplaces where travelers waiting to take ship would have cooked and kept warm.
It is intended to chart the current and historical strength or weakness of a stock or market based on the closing prices of a recent trading period.
The RSI computes momentum as the ratio of higher closes to lower closes: stocks which have had more or stronger positive changes have a higher RSI than stocks which have had more or stronger negative changes.
The RSI is most typically used on a 14-day timeframe, measured on a scale from 0 to 100, with high and low levels marked at 70 and 30, respectively.
The RSI provides signals that tell investors to buy when the security or currency is oversold and to sell when it is overbought.
The testing was randomised in time and companies (e.g., Apple, Exxon Mobile, IBM, Microsoft) and showed that RSI can still produce good results; however, in longer time it is usually overcome by the simple buy-and-hold strategy.
Wilder originally formulated the calculation of the moving average as: newval = (prevval * (period - 1) + newdata) / period.
Previous average values are modified by (period -1)/period which in effect is period/period - 1/period and finally 1 - 1/period which is 1 - alpha.
Traditionally, RSI readings greater than the 70 level are considered to be in overbought territory, and RSI readings lower than the 30 level are considered to be in oversold territory.
Wilder further believed that divergence between RSI and price action is a very strong indication that a market turning point is imminent.
Finally, Wilder wrote that chart formations and areas of support and resistance could sometimes be more easily seen on the RSI chart as opposed to the price chart.
The center line for the relative strength index is 50, which is often seen as both the support and resistance line for the indicator.
In addition to Wilder's original theories of RSI interpretation, Andrew Cardwell has developed several new interpretations of RSI to help determine and confirm trend.
First, Cardwell noticed that uptrends generally traded between RSI 40 and 80, while downtrends usually traded between RSI 60 and 20.
Next, Cardwell noted that bearish divergence: 1) only occurs in uptrends, and 2) mostly only leads to a brief correction instead of a reversal in trend.
For example, a positive reversal occurs when an uptrend price correction results in a higher low compared to the last price correction, while RSI results in a lower low compared to the prior correction.
A negative reversal happens when a downtrend rally results in a lower high compared to the last downtrend rally, but RSI makes a higher high compared to the prior rally.
In other words, despite stronger momentum as seen by the higher high or lower low in the RSI, price could not make a higher high or lower low.
Cardwell noted that positive reversals only happen in uptrends while negative reversals only occur in downtrends, and therefore their existence confirms the trend.
Cutler had found that since Wilder used a smoothed moving average to calculate RSI, the value of Wilder's RSI depended upon where in the data file his calculations started.
Cutler's RSI is not data length dependent, and returns consistent results regardless of the length of, or the starting point within a data file.
Cutler's RSI generally comes out slightly different from the normal Wilder RSI, but the two are similar, since SMA and SMMA are also similar.
Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswold Hills in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about southwest of Banbury and northwest of Oxford.
Chipping Norton began as a small settlement at the foot of a hill on which stand the motte-and-bailey Chipping Norton Castle.
In July 1549 the vicar of Chipping Norton, Henry Joyes or Joyce, led parishioners in a popular rising after the suppression of chantries and other religious reforms left him to minister alone to a congregation of 800, and reduced the budget for schooling.
The rising was brutally put down by Lord Grey de Wilton; Joyes was captured and subsequently hanged in chains from the tower of his own church.
The tower has a ring of eight bells, all of which were cast in 1907 by Mears and Stainbank of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
There is still a market every Wednesday and the mop fair, when the High Street is closed to through traffic, in September.
In 1924 it merged with Hunt Edmunds of Banbury, and in 1931 Hunt Edmunds Hitchmans closed the brewery in Chipping Norton.
In 1887 a second railway opened, linking Chipping Norton to the Oxford and Rugby Railway at , and the CNR became part of the resulting Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway.
In May 1873 rioting took place following the conviction and sentencing of the Ascott Martyrs, 16 local women accused of trying to interfere with strikebreakers at a farm.
The town lost its status as a municipal borough in 1974, when the Local Government Act 1972 made it a successor parish within the district of West Oxfordshire.
The Member of Parliament for Witney from 2001 to 2016 was David Cameron, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and the leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.
One Conservative councillor and two Labour councillors represent the town on West Oxfordshire District Council holding all three seats available, making it the least Conservative part of the parliamentary seat.
The building began life as a Salvation Army Citadel, with the first stones, now visible in the auditorium, being laid in 1888.
It continued for some years as a furniture warehouse, before being discovered by two Royal Shakespeare Company actors, Tamara and John Malcolm in 1968.
The Theatre was opened in 1975 by Tom Baker, the Doctor Who of the time, beginning with a light programme including films and lunchtime jazz concerts.
The town also is a retail and leisure centre for its area, with three supermarkets and numerous shops including branches of national chain stores.
Chipping Norton Rugby Union Football Club first XV plays in the Southern Counties North League and was league champion for 2007–2008 .
They used to play in the Hellenic Football League but resigned and now play in the Witney & District Football League.
The town also hosts a number of annual arts festivals: Chipping Norton Literary Festival ('ChipLitFest'), Chipping Norton Music Festival, and Chippy Jazz and Music ('CJAM').
The Theatre Chipping Norton opened in 1975 in a converted Salvation Army citadel, and is a theatre, cinema, gallery and music venue.
Jeff Beck, Barbara Dickson, Duran Duran, Marianne Faithfull, Alison Moyet, Nektar, Radiohead, The Supernaturals, Wet Wet Wet, XTC, Mark Owen and Chris Rea were also clients.
The group gained notoriety in the wake of the News International phone hacking scandal, which directly involved a number of its members.
Notable meetings of the group have included Rebekah and Charlie Brooks's wedding reception near Chipping Norton, a 2010 Christmas dinner at the Brooks's, and Elisabeth Murdoch and Matthew Freud's 2011 Summer party at Burford Priory.
A final discrete system is often modeled with a directed graph and is analyzed for correctness and complexity according to computational theory.
Because computers are often used to model not only other discrete systems but continuous systems as well, methods have been developed to represent real-world continuous systems as discrete systems.
Floptical refers to a type of floppy disk drive that combines magnetic and optical technologies to store data on media similar to standard -inch floppy disks.
It refers specifically to one brand of drive and disk system, but is also used more generically to refer to any system using similar techniques.
The original Floptical technology was announced in 1988 and introduced late in 1991 by Insite Peripherals, a venture funded company set up by Jim Adkisson, one of the key engineers behind the original -inch floppy disk drive development at Shugart Associates in 1976.
The technology involves reading and writing data magnetically, while optically aligning the read/write head in the drive using grooves in the disk being sensed by an infrared LED and sensor (a form of visual servo).
The optical servo tracks allow for an increase in the tracking precision of the magnetic head, from the usual 135 tracks per inch to tracks per inch.
The drive has a second set of read/write heads so that it can read from and write to standard 720 kB and 1.44 MB ( KiB) disks as well.
To allow for a high degree of compatibility with existing SCSI host adapters, Floptical drives were designed to work as a standard floppy disk drive, and not as a removable hard disk.
At least two models were produced, one with a manual lever that mechanically ejected the disc from the drive, and another with a small pinhole into which a paperclip can be inserted, in case the device rejected or ignored SCSI eject commands.
A number of these companies later formed the Floptical Technology Association, or FTA, to try to have the format adopted as a replacement of standard floppy disks.
However, this did not take place, and while Flopticals were installed in many Amiga systems, they were sold by either Insite, TTR Development or Digital Micronics (DMI), and not bundled by Commodore.
Iomega introduced their own ZIP-100 system storing 100 MB in 1994, which would go on to sell into the tens of millions.
The LS-120 stored 120 MB of data while retaining the ability to work with normal -inch disks, interfacing as a standard floppy for better compatibility.
There was serious consideration that one of these systems would succeed where the Floptical failed and replace the standard floppy disk outright, but the rapid introduction of writable CD-ROM systems in the early 2000s made the market disappear.
Support of Floptical drives is present in all Microsoft Windows NT operating systems up to Windows 2000, where it figures as 20.8 MB drive format option in the FORMAT command options.
SCSI-equipped Macintosh computers could boot from a Mac operating system installed on a Floptical; a formatting utility application was provided to erase and format Floptical disks.
Giovanni Battista Morgagni (25 February 1682 – 6 December 1771) was an Italian anatomist, generally regarded as the father of modern anatomical pathology, who taught thousands of medical students from many countries during his 56 years as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Padua.
His parents were in comfortable circumstances, but not of the nobility; it appears from his letters to Giovanni Maria Lancisi that Morgagni had ambitions to improve his rank.
At the age of sixteen he went to Bologna to study philosophy and medicine, and graduated with much praise as a doctor in both faculties three years later, in 1701.
Many years after, in 1740, Morgagni edited a collected edition of Valsalva's writings, with important additions to the treatise on the ear, and with a memoir of the author.
At this period he enjoyed a high repute in Bologna; he was made president of the Academia Enquietorum when in his twenty-second year, and he is said to have signalized his tenure of the presidential chair by discouraging abstract speculations, and by setting the fashion towards exact anatomical observation and reasoning.
After a time he gave up his post at Bologna, and occupied himself for the next two or three years at Padua, where he had a friend in Domenico Guglielmini (1655–1710), professor of medicine, but better-known as a writer on physics and mathematics, whose works he afterwards edited (1719) with a biography.
Guglielmini desired to see him settled as a teacher at Padua, and the unexpected death of Guglielmini himself made the project feasible, Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730) being transferred to the vacant chair, and Morgagni succeeding to the chair of theoretical medicine.
He came to Padua in the spring of 1712, being then in his thirty-first year, and he taught medicine there with the most brilliant success until his death on 6 December 1771.
When he had been three years in Padua, which at the time was part of the Republic of Venice, an opportunity occurred for his promotion (by the Venetian senate) to the chair of anatomy.
In this prestigious position he became the successor of an illustrious line of scholars, including Vesalius, Gabriele Falloppio, Geronimo Fabrizio, Gasserius, and Adrianus Spigelius, and enjoyed a stipend that was increased from time to time by vote of the senate until it reached twelve hundred gold ducats.
He was of tall and dignified figure, with blonde hair and lilac eyes, and with a frank and happy expression; his manners were polished, and he was noted for the elegance of his Latin style.
Before he had been long in Padua the students of the German nation, of all the faculties there, elected him their patron, and he advised and assisted them in the purchase of a house to be a German library and club, for all time.
He was elected into the imperial Caesareo-Leopoldina Academy in 1708 (originally located at Schweinfurth), and to a higher grade in 1732, into the Royal Society in 1724, into the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1731, the St. Petersburg Academy in 1735, and the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1754.
Among his more celebrated pupils were Antonio Scarpa (who died in 1832, connecting the school of Morgagni with the modern era), Domenico Cotugno (1736–1822), and Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani (1725–1813), the author of the magnificent atlas of anatomical plates published in 2 volumes at Venice in 1801–1814.
folio) in 1679, three years before Morgagni was born; it was republished at Geneva (3 vols., folio) in 1700, and again at Leiden in 1709.
Although the normal anatomy of the body had been comprehensively, and in some parts exhaustively, written by Vesalius and Fallopius, it had not occurred to any one to examine and describe systematically the anatomy of diseased organs and parts.
Harvey, a century after Vesalius, poignantly remarks that there is more to be learned from the dissection of one person who had died of tuberculosis or other chronic malady than from the bodies of ten persons who had been hanged.
The work of Bonet was, however, the first attempt at a system of morbid anatomy, and, although it dwelt mostly upon curiosities and monstrosities, it enjoyed much repute in its day; Haller speaks of it as an immortal work, which may in itself serve for a pathological library.
Having finished his edition of Valsalva in 1740, he was taking a holiday in the country, spending much of his time in the company, of a young friend who was curious in many branches of knowledge.
It was agreed that letters on the anatomy of diseased, organs and parts should be written for the perusal of this favoured youth (whose name is not mentioned); and they were continued from time to time until they numbered seventy.
Some of these are given at great length, and with a precision of statement and exhaustiveness of detail hardly surpassed in the so-called protocols of the German pathological institutes of the present time; others, again, are fragments brought in to elucidate some question that had arisen.
The symptoms during the course of the malady and other antecedent circumstances are always prefixed with more or less fullness, and discussed from the point of view of the conditions found after death.
Many of the cases are taken from Morgagni's early experiences at Bologna, and from the records of his teachers Valsalva and I.F.
They are selected and arranged with method and purpose, and they are often (and somewhat casually) made the occasion of a long excursus on general pathology and medicine.
We are further able to examine the progress of Morgagni's study of anatomy as it related to his treatment of patients.
We are further able to view a particular perspective of a single physician in the context of the 18th century when he lived in order better understand medical practice during this time period.
It has been contended that he was himself not free from prolixity, the besetting sin of the learned; and certainly the form and arrangement of his treatise are such as to make it difficult to use by subsequent practitioners, notwithstanding that it is well indexed in the original edition, in that of Tissot (3 vols., 4to, Yverdon, 1779), and in more recent editions.
His 1769 work described the post mortem findings of air in cerebral circulation and surmised this was the cause of death.
Although Morgagni's cases resulted from gas embolism due to damage to the bowel, the same pathology is seen in decompression illness.
Although Morgagni was the first to understand and to demonstrate the absolute necessity of basing diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment on an exact and comprehensive knowledge of anatomical conditions, he made no attempt (like that of the Vienna school sixty years later) to exalt pathological anatomy into a science disconnected from clinical medicine and remote from practical experience with the scalpel.
His precision, his exhaustiveness, and his freedom from bias are his essentially modern or scientific qualities; his scholarship and high consideration for classical and foreign work, his sense of practical ends (or his common sense), and the breadth of his intellectual horizon prove him to have lived before medical science had become largely technical or mechanical.
From that time on, symptoms ceased to be made up into more or less conventional groups, each of which was a disease; on the other hand, they began to be viewed as the cry of the suffering organs, and it became possible to develop Thomas Sydenham's grand conception of a natural history of disease in a catholic or scientific spirit.
In stock market technical analysis, support and resistance are certain predetermined levels of the price of a security at which it is thought that the price will tend to stop and reverse.
However, once the price has breached this level, by an amount exceeding some noise, it is likely to continue falling until meeting another support level.
However, once the price has breached this level, by an amount exceeding some noise, it is likely to continue rising until meeting another resistance level.
Proactive support and resistance methods include Measured Moves, Swing Ratio Projection/Confluence (Static (Square of Nine), Dynamic (Fibonacci)), Calculated Pivots, Volatility Based, Trendlines and Moving averages, VWAP, Market Profile (VAH, VAL and POC).
The opposite is true as well; if price breaks a resistance level, it will often find support at that level in the future.
The price may hit the line and reverse, it could hover around the level as Bulls and Bears fought for supremacy, or it may punch straight through.
A trader should always exercise caution when approaching 00 levels in general, and 50 levels if it has previously acted as Support or Resistance.
When judging entry and exit investment timing using support or resistance levels, it is important to choose a chart based on a price interval period that aligns with your trading strategy timeframe.
Typically traders use shorter term interval charts when making a final decisions on when to invest, such as the following example based on 1 week of historical data with price plotted every 15 minutes.
In this example, the early signs that the stock was coming out of a downtrend was when it started to form support at $30.48 and then started to form higher highs and higher lows.
It is a large parish, its lowest parts extending to the River Thames in the north and its highest ground reaching the Ridgeway in the south.
King John also established an abbey in Faringdon in 1202, (probably on the site of Portwell House) but it soon moved to Beaulieu in Hampshire.
The Church of England parish church of All Saints may date from the 12th century, and the clerestorey and possibly the west end of the nave survive from this period.
All Saints has a central bell tower, which was reduced in height in 1645 after it was damaged by a cannonball in the English Civil War.
According to local legend, Pye was decapitated in a battlefield explosion while fighting in the War of the Spanish Succession after being convinced to enlist by his mother, who sought to separate him from a local girl she considered an unsuitable match.
The Old Town Hall (formerly the Market Hall) in the Market Place dates from the late 17th or early 18th century and is a Grade II* listed building.
This was fortified by supporters of Matilda sometime during the Anarchy (1135–1141) – her campaign to claim the throne from King Stephen – but was soon razed to the ground by Stephen.
The Pye family had Scots pines planted around the summit, around the time that Faringdon House was rebuilt in the late 18th century.
This is a conspicuous and recognisable landmark that can be seen from afar, including from the Vale of White Horse, White Horse Hill, the Berkshire Downs near Lockinge and the Cotswolds to the north.
The folly on Folly Hill was designed by Lord Gerald Wellesley, later 7th Duke of Wellington, for Lord Berners and built in 1935.
Its owner at the time, Sir Robert Pye, who was a Royalist, was put under siege by his own son Robert who was a Parliamentarian colonel.
It was for a time owned by the writer Sofka Zinovieff, the granddaughter of Berners' companion, Robert Heber-Percy, who inherited it on Berners' death in 1950.
Faringdon is linked with Swindon and Oxford by a frequent service operated seven days a week by Stagecoach in Swindon, and an hourly service to Wantage, continuing on to Didcot and Abingdon, run by Thames Travel and operating Mondays to Saturdays.
A Faringdon branch line was opened in 1864, between Faringdon and the Great Western Railway (GWR) at Uffington, with construction funded by the Faringdon Railway Company (bought outright by the GWR in 1886).
He was originally the main character, but was soon overshadowed by his best friend Michael Binkley and later on by Opus the penguin.
Milo is the most worldly and cynical of all the characters; he is seemingly the only county resident who cares about politics and goings-on in the world outside his small town.
To amuse himself when alone, Milo likes to do things like going spear fishing at a small creek with a whale harpoon.
In early strips, he regularly bothers Senator Bedfellow with ridiculous questions, asking for confirming accusations (usually about the disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa), and attempting to convict him for virtually anything, although Bedfellow is not his only target.
He also helps create and manage Bill the Cat's band, Deathtongue, and cofounds with Binkley a political party, The Meadow Party, with Bill and Opus on their presidential ticket.
He continues to play an active role in the comics, though his appearances are relatively minor compared to those of Opus and Bill the Cat.
He was a New York-based architect whose most familiar surviving building is the south range of the American Museum of Natural History on New York's Upper West Side.
He worked in partnership from 1870 with Milton See (1854 - October 27, 1920) and from 1873 with Louis DeCoppet Berg (1856-1913) in the firm of Cady, Berg & See.
He graduated from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1860; the following year he married Emma M. Bulkeley, of Orange, New Jersey; they had five children.
Cady was a devoted Presbyterian, who served as head of the Sunday school at the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant, East 42nd Street; his first church commission was the First Presbyterian Church of Oyster Bay, New York.
Here he utilized the Carpenter Gothic or Stick Style to create a surprising effect for this wood-frame church building set on a hillside overlooking Oyster Bay.
Suitable to the Italian opera that was central to the repertory as New Yorkers then conceived it, the new house for the Metropolitan Opera presented a palazzo-like full front on Broadway between 39th and 40th streets that offered three tiers of arched triple openings framed by strong masonry piers.
The American Museum of Natural History has a magnificently rusticated Richardsonian Romanesque entrance range by Cady, Berg & See, stretching 707 feet along its 77th Street frontage.
Cady and See designed the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, the Skin and Cancer Hospital, Bellevue Medical School, and the Hudson Street Hospital, and also many churches.
They designed many college buildings, fifteen buildings for Yale University alone, and buildings for Williams College, Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut and for Wesleyan University.
Cady served as a trustee for Berea College in Berea, Kentucky, during the tenure of President William Goodell Frost, Cady's nephew.
In 1880, Cady, Berg & See were hired by William West Durant to design a summer chapel on an island in Raquette Lake, New York, to entice his wealthy acquaintances to build their summer homes in the area.
The plans were used in 1881, modified by Durant at the request of Harriet Beecher Stowe, for the Church of Our Saviour in Mandarin, Florida, and again in 1883 for the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beattystown, New Jersey.
Ten years later Cady again built a chapel on Raquette Lake, St. William's Roman Catholic Church on Long Point, again in Shingle Style, for Durant's employees and local residents.
Cady presented his architectural library to Trinity College in 1918 and died the following year at his apartment, 214 Riverside Drive.
He grew up in north Finchley, North London, and attended Holmewood Preparatory School (Woodside Park) before going to Highgate School and the University of Keele, where he graduated with a BA (Hons) in history and philosophy, before becoming Secretary of Keele's Students' Union.
Mansfield was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1967, became Queen's Counsel in 1989 and was elected as a Bencher of Gray's Inn in 2007.
He is currently the President of the Haldane Society of Socialist Lawyers, and is a Professor at Law at City University.
In March 2019 he was engaged by the family of footballer Emiliano Sala to represent their interests in the dispute over his death.
The biggest miscarriages of justice in the United Kingdom, many of them emanate from cases in which forensic science has been shown to be wrong.
And the moment a forensic scientist or anyone else says: 'I am sure this marries up with that' I get worried.
Mansfield has been married three times, to Melian Bordes for 19 years, with whom he had five children (Jonathan, Anna, Louise, Leo and Kieran), and for thirty years to the artist/filmmaker Yvette Vanson, from whom he separated in 2014 and with whom he had a son (Fred).
In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election.
He is also patron of Hastings Advice and Representation Centre, a charity providing free welfare benefit advice and representation for local people in Hastings, East Sussex and the surrounding area.
He is an environmental and animal rights activist and has recently stated that meat may become banned in the future, and there should be a law made to criminalise ecocide, or destruction of the environment as a result of intensive animal agriculture.
A hybrid system has the benefit of encompassing a larger class of systems within its structure, allowing for more flexibility in modeling dynamic phenomena.
Here, the ball (thought of as a point-mass) is dropped from an initial height and bounces off the ground, dissipating its energy with each bounce.
The ball exhibits continuous dynamics between each bounce; however, as the ball impacts the ground, its velocity undergoes a discrete change modeled after an inelastic collision.
This is saying that when the height of the ball is zero (it has impacted the ground), its velocity is reversed and decreased by a factor of formula_9.
In this example, each time the ball bounces it loses energy, making the subsequent jumps (impacts with the ground) closer and closer together in time.
It is noteworthy that the dynamical model is complete if and only if one adds the contact force between the ground and the ball.
Indeed, without forces, one cannot properly define the bouncing ball and the model is, from a mechanical point of view, meaningless.
The simplest contact model that represents the interactions between the ball and the ground, is the complementarity relation between the force and the distance (the gap) between the ball and the ground.
When the complementarity relations are in, one can continue to integrate the system after the impacts have accumulated and vanished: the equilibrium of the system is well-defined as the static equilibrium of the ball on the ground, under the action of gravity compensated by the contact force formula_11.
One also notices from basic convex analysis that the complementarity relation can equivalently be rewritten as the inclusion into a normal cone, so that the bouncing ball dynamics is a differential inclusion into a normal cone to a convex set.
A possible theoretical characterization of this is algorithms that succeed with hybrid systems verification in all robust cases implying that many problems for hybrid systems, while undecidable, are at least quasi-decidable.
The implicit approach is often represented by guarded equations to result in systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) where the active equations may change, for example by means of a hybrid bond graph.
As a unified simulation approach for hybrid system analysis, there is a method based on DEVS formalism in which integrators for differential equations are quantized into atomic DEVS models.
Lister was born at Radcliffe, near Buckingham, the son of Sir Martin Lister MP for Brackley in the Long Parliament and his wife Susan Temple daughter of Sir Alexander Temple.
He was the nephew of both James Temple, the regicide and also of Sir Matthew Lister, physician to Anne, queen of James I, and to Charles I.
Lister is recognized for his discovery of ballooning spiders and as the father of conchology, but it is less well known that he invented the histogram, provided Newton with alloys, and donated the first significant natural history collections to the Ashmolean Museum.
Just as Lister was the first to make a systematic study of spiders and their webs, this biography is the first to analyze the significant webs of knowledge, patronage, and familial and gender relationships that governed his life as a scientist and physician.
As a conchologist he was held in high esteem, but while he recognised the similarity of fossil mollusca to living forms, he regarded them as inorganic imitations produced in the rocks.
In 1683 he communicated to the Royal Society (1684), an ingenious proposal for a new sort of maps of countries; together with tables of sands and clays, such as are chiefly found in the north parts of England.
In this essay he suggested the preparation of a soil or mineral map of the country, and thereby is justly credited with being the first to realise the importance of a geological survey.
This writer appears to have been the first who was aware of the continuity over large districts of the principal groups of strata in the British series, and who proposed the construction of regular geological maps.
Sir Richard Blackmore (22 January 1654 – 9 October 1729), English poet and physician, is remembered primarily as the object of satire and as a dull poet, but he was also a respected medical doctor and theologian.
In 1685 he married Mary Adams, whose family connections aided him in winning a place in the Royal College of Physicians in 1687.
He had trouble with the College, being censured for taking leave without permission, and he strongly opposed the project for setting up a free dispensary for the poor in London.
Nevertheless, it went through three editions and William made Blackmore physician-in-ordinary (a position he would hold with Queen Anne as well), gave him a gold medal, and knighted him in 1697.
Like its predecessor, it was a treatment of current events in ancient garb, but, this time, the public and court were less interested and the matter less interesting.
Additionally, Blackmore took John Milton as his model, rather than Virgil, and he admitted in his preface that his previous book had been too adherent to the Classical unities.
Having used his epics to fight political battles, albeit safe ones at first, Blackmore was opposed by wits of the other camp, especially as time went on.
Blackmore had not only been explicitly partisan in his epics, but he had announced that epic was necessary to counter the degeneracy of poetry written by wits.
Its design was to refute the atheism of Vanini, Hobbes and (supposedly) Spinoza, and to unfold the intellectual philosophy of Locke.
It was dedicated to Prince Frederick, the eldest son of King George II, but the poem vanished without causing any comment from court or town.
Further, while proclaiming his intention of reforming poetry itself, he used his epics quite often to achieve political, and personal, goals.
In 1716, he became censor as well as a director of the College of Physicians, but the Hanoverians were not as taken with Blackmore as William or Anne had been.
In 1724, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was set to publish Blackmore's Psalms as official for America, but the Bishop of London, Edmund Gibson (a conservative, but a Whig), opposed the project and kept it from coming to fruition.
Blackmore has come down, largely through the verse of Alexander Pope, as one avatar of Dulness, but, as a physician, he was quite forward thinking.
He agreed with Sir Thomas Sydenham that observation and the physician's experience should take precedence over any Aristotelian ideals or hypothetical laws.
However, Blackmore used his poetry to satirise and destroy persons of the other political factions, and that made him (except for when his subject matter was religion) fair game for a counter-attack that he could not survive.
It is bounded on the north by the Bay Ridge Branch tracks just above Avenue I and by the Brooklyn College campus of the City University of New York, and on the south by Avenue P and Kings Highway.
The eastern border consists of parts of Nostrand Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and Coney Island Avenue; parts of McDonald Avenue and Ocean Parkway mark the western boundary.
Settlement was begun by the Dutch in 1652; they later gave way to the English, who conquered it in 1664, but the area remained rural and undeveloped for the most part until its annexation to the City of Brooklyn in the 1890s.
Drawn by its quiet middle-class ambiance, new residents began pouring into Midwood during the 1980s; many of them were recently landed immigrants from all over the world.
The largest group were from the Soviet Union, but substantial numbers also arrived from Jamaica, Haiti, Guyana, Mexico and elsewhere in South America; from Ireland, Italy, Poland, the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and elsewhere in eastern Europe; and from Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria, the Persian Gulf states, Iran, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, China, and Korea.
In a short time, Midwood was transformed, from a predominantly Jewish neighborhood with a smattering of Irish-Americans and German-Americans, to a remarkably polyglot section of the borough of Brooklyn.
The usage of Flatbush to mean Midwood dates to the period when the neighborhood was first formed, and known as South Greenfield.
Many also consider the nearby neighborhood of Fiske Terrace/Midwood Gardens to be part of Midwood, but, as in many cities, neighborhood boundaries in Brooklyn are somewhat fluid and poorly defined.
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Midwood was 52,835, a decrease of 2,605 (4.7%) from the 55,440 counted in 2000.
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 76.6% (40,482) White, 4.7% (2,508) African American, 0.1% (46) Native American, 10.4% (5,517) Asian, 0.0% (9) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (140) from other races, and 1.0% (549) from two or more races.
The entirety of Community Board 14, which comprises Flatbush and Midwood, had 165,543 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 82.4 years.
Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 25% are between the ages of 0–17, 29% between 25–44, and 24% between 45–64.
In 2018, an estimated 22% of Flatbush and Midwood residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City.
Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 57% in Flatbush and Midwood, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively.
Based on this calculation, , Flatbush and Midwood are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.
The main shopping streets in the area are Kings Highway, Avenue J, Avenue M, Flatbush Avenue, Nostrand Avenue, and Coney Island Avenue.
In the 1950s through the 1970s, Kings Highway had Dubrow's Cafeteria, a classic cafeteria where holes would be punched in patrons' printed tickets, which would total the cost of the meal.
In his run for the White House, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy held a massive campaign rally just outside Dubrow's Cafeteria.
The first Original Crazy Eddie store was located on Kings Hwy., then moved to larger quarters just south of Kings Highway on Coney Island Avenue.
In the fall of 2008, the NYCDOT planned to implement an experimental congestion parking plan in the Kings Highway Business District, which would have raised parking meter rates from 75 cents to as much as $2.50 an hour.
Unique businesses include the ornate Amazon Caffe (kosher dairy), Kings Games (the largest gaming center in New York City), several high fashion outlets, jewelry stores, and sushi restaurants.
While in the past it was home to Cookie's, one of Brooklyn's best known restaurants and hang-outs (also popular with the NBC studio staff), today there are no fewer than 10 kosher restaurants and 3 kosher bakeries.
Near the end of June each year, the Midwood Development Corporation hosts the popular Midwood Mardi Gras Street Fair along the Avenue, from East 12th Street to Ocean Avenue.
Shoppers can find a municipal muni-meter parking lot on East 17th Street at Chestnut Avenue just north of Avenue M. Many of the retail businesses are closed on the Jewish Sabbath and High Holy Days.
At the corner of Avenue L and Coney Island Avenue, what is believed to be the largest all-kosher supermarket in the United States, Pomegranate, opened in August 2008.
One of Brooklyn's last remaining farms was located on the site of the apartment complex at 1279 East 17th St. (just north of Ave. M) until it was torn down in the mid-1960s.
The elm tree is the community's official tree, and one local street is named Elm Avenue as a homage to that.
Parks consist of Kolbert Park and the Rachel Haber Cohen Playground and adjacent handball and basketball courts, near Edward R. Murrow High School, and the track and playing fields of Brooklyn College and Midwood High School.
Kolbert is also very popular with many Russian male Seniors who can be seen heavily engaged in daily board games such as chess.
Just opposite Friends Field along McDonald Avenue is the Erasmus Hall High School Football Field (Closed to the public when not in use).
The Sprawling Square block-long Midwood High School Field (East 16th–17th Street at Avenues K-L) features handball courts, tennis courts, a runners track and a field used for football, rugby and soccer.
The first is Corporal Wiltshire Square, named in Honor of Corporal Clifford T. Wiltshire, located at the intersection of Ocean Avenue where it merges with Avenue P and Kings Highway.
Joyce Kilmer Triangle, located at the crossroads of Kings Highway and Quentin Road (E. 12th–13th Streets), so named in honor of American journalist and poet Sgt.
With a non-fatal assault rate of 42 per 100,000 people, Flatbush and Midwood's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole.
The 70th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 89.1% between 1990 and 2018.
The precinct saw 6 murders, 27 rapes, 162 robberies, 273 felony assaults, 173 burglaries, 527 grand larcenies, and 75 grand larcenies auto in 2018.
The New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 276/Ladder Co. 156/Battalion 33, which serves Midwood, is located at 1635 East 14th Street.
In Flatbush and Midwood, there were 99 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 17.1 teenage births per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).
In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 16%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.
The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Flatbush and Midwood is , lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.
Ten percent of Flatbush and Midwood residents are smokers, which is slightly lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.
In Flatbush and Midwood, 28% of residents are obese, 13% are diabetic, and 31% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.
In the 1980s and 1990s, a wave of Orthodox Jews moved into the area from Borough Park, attracted by Midwood's large homes and tree-lined streets.
The building, located on Ocean Avenue, is a 1929 Renaissance revival structure with a capacity of 950 in the main sanctuary.
In November 2009, the Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty, a beneficiary agency of the UJA-Federation of New York, partnered with Masbia to open a kosher soup kitchen on Coney Island Avenue.
The area around Newkirk Avenue has one of the largest mosques in Brooklyn, the Muslim Community Center of Brooklyn, also known as Makki Masjid.
Though 43% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 18% have less than a high school education and 39% are high school graduates or have some college education.
The percentage of Flatbush and Midwood students excelling in math rose from 43 percent in 2000 to 68 percent in 2011, though reading achievement remained steady at 48% during the same time period.
In Flatbush and Midwood, 18% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.
Additionally, 75% of high school students in Flatbush and Midwood graduate on time, equal to the citywide average of 75% of students.
When the Kings Highway branch moved to its current location in 1954, it became the first BPL branch library to be built by the New York City government.
The area is served by the New York City Subway's BMT Brighton Line (), IND Culver Line (), and the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line ().
Warner Bros. purchased the studio in the 1920s, using it for short subjects, and moved the studio operation to Hollywood in 1939.
An old vintage aerial photograph of the Vitagraph complex (and its streets) hangs today on a wall in the offices of the Midwood Development Corporation.
Old historic photographs of the studio show that part of it also existed across the Brighton line subway tracks where Edward R. Murrow High School now stands.
After Warner Bros. vacated the land (in the late 1960s-early 1970s), Yeshiva University purchased it for Brooklyn Torah Academy, the Brooklyn branch of their high school.
A duplicate of the white suit Travolta wore in the film was at that time displayed in one of the showcase windows.
There was also an NBC News NASA Apollo Space Mission Special taped here, a short-lived mystery detective drama, and a weekly circus variety show (the later two for another network).
Bill Cosby and crew after a period of time relocated the show to their new home at the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Astoria, Queens.
The program featured bands at the top of the music charts, singers and other celebrity entertainers of the period such as Sonny & Cher and Tina Sinatra, and many performers from the so-called British Invasion, like The Rolling Stones, Herman's Hermits, The Dave Clark Five, Petula Clark, Marianne Faithfull, The Moody Blues, and Donovan.
Guests included Johnny Cash, Simon & Garfunkel, Woody Allen, Wayne Newton, Bill Dana, Alan King, Bobby Darin, Dionne Warwick, her sister Dee Dee Warwick, Mitzi Gaynor, Roy Rogers and his wife Dale Evans, and many others.
His ex-wife actress/TV icon comedian Lucille Ball and her kids specifically flew in from Hollywood to cheer him on, on this his return to TV.
Many of the noted variety shows (with the exception of Mitch Miller) had a live studio audience for both rehearsals and/or actual show recording.
NBC Guest Relations operated a charter bus to/from their Rockefeller Center headquarters to the Brooklyn studio for pre-ticketed 1960s audience members, so that they did not have to travel by car or subway.
Fans in the know could always be found outside the studio entrance waiting to greet their favorite celebrity, many of whom in turn were happy to stop and chat, sign an autograph, pose for a photo, all without the hassle of present-day out-of-control paparazzi.
Now, many within the community, and visitors alike, do not even know that a television production studio exists at the location, nor that the adjacent present-day Shulamith School property was once an early major silent film studio.
When NBC Brooklyn Color Studio 2 was dedicated in September 1954, the studio was at the time said to be the world's largest color TV production studio, rivaling Pinewood Studios just west of London.
To the dismay of many remaining long-time residents, both were taken down when NBC vacated the premises, prior to the studios being sold to JC Studios.
In 2015, OHEL Children's Home and Family Services created offices in the former Studio 1 on Locust Avenue, part of the original Vitagraph Studios.
In the next year he was fined and dismissed from his college for having wounded a fellow student with a sword.
After travelling in France and Italy, he settled in London, where he became acquainted with Dryden, and close to Wycherley, Congreve and the leading literary figures of his day; and being made temporarily independent by inheriting a small fortune, he devoted himself to literature.
The Duke of Marlborough procured him a place as one of the queen's waiters in the customs with a salary of £20 a year.
This he afterwards disposed of for a small sum, retaining, at the suggestion of Lord Halifax, a yearly charge upon it for a long term of years.
Dennis is best remembered as the leading critic of his generation, and as a pioneer of the concept of the sublime as an aesthetic quality.
The significance of his account is that the concept of the sublime, at the time a rhetoric term primarily relevant to literary criticism, was used to describe a positive appreciation for horror and terror in aesthetic experience, in contrast to Ashley Cooper, The Third Earl of Shaftesbury's more timid response to the sublime.
Dennis appears to have reached a turning point in 1704, when, at the age of 47 he withdrew from city life.
In the years following this he appears to have become increasingly marginalised, both from new developments in cultural life, and from a new generation on the literary scene.
His Essay on Italian Opera in 1706 argues that the introspection encouraged by the sensuality of music, but particularly Italian opera, is harmful to public spirit at a time of war.
The apocryphal tale regarding his petitioning the Duke of Marlborough to have a special clause inserted in the Treaty of Utrecht to secure him from French vengeance, if true, suggests growing paranoia.
A benefit performance was organized at the Haymarket (18 December 1733) on his behalf, for which Pope wrote an ill-natured prologue, which the actor and sentimental playwright Colley Cibber (another victim of Pope's invective) recited.
Hubert Robert Harry Gregg (19 July 1914 – 29 March 2004) was a British broadcaster at the BBC, writer and stage and film actor.
He was born in Islington, London, and attended St Dunstan's College and the Webber Douglas School of Singing and Dramatic Art.
In the Second World War, he first served as a private with the Lincolnshire Regiment in 1939, before becoming an officer in the 60th Rifles the following year.
Gregg spoke German fluently, and worked for the BBC German service, to such good effect that Goebbels assumed he must be a German traitor.
Stefan Nikolov Stambolov () (31 January 1854 OS– 19 July 1895 OS) was a Bulgarian politician, journalist, revolutionist, and poet who served as Prime Minister and regent.
In 1875 and 1876 he took part in the preparation for the Stara Zagora uprising, as well as the April Uprising.
Criticised for his dictatorial methods, he was among the initiators of economic and cultural progress in Bulgaria during the time of the Balkan Wars.
In 1878 he was for a short period of time a teacher in his home town, and later he went to Romania.
He was the leader of the unsuccessful uprising in Stara Zagora in 1875 and of the Turnovo revolutionary committee in the great uprising of April 1876.
At the age of 32, Stambolov found himself in the highly unusual position of being simultaneously a government minister, president, and regent for an absent monarch.
But he stayed on, recognizing that there was no other suitable candidate, and that if he did not lead, then Bulgaria's sovereignty would likely be lost.
Stambolov was a nationalist; as a politician, he strengthened the country's diplomacy, its economy, and the general political power of the state.
He survived an assassination attempt unharmed, but responded by having many people he suspected of taking part imprisoned and treated brutally.
By 1894 the prolonged stress from all sides had taken its toll, and Stambolov resigned, which was happily accepted by Ferdinand.
They knew that Stambolov wore an armoured vest, so they stabbed at his head, which he tried to protect with his hands.
It is believed that Stambolov was well-aware that his days after his resignation were numbered, and that Ferdinand was likely to be the one who would orchestrate an assassination.
His main foreign policy objective was the unification of the Bulgarian nation into a nation-state consisting of all the territories of the Bulgarian Exarchate granted by the Sultan in 1870.
Stambolov established close connections with the Sultan in order to enliven Bulgarian national spirit in Macedonia and to oppose Russian-backed Greek and Serbian propaganda.
As a result of Stambolov’s tactics, the Sultan recognised Bulgarians as the predominant people in Macedonia and gave a green light to the creation of a strong church and cultural institutions.
In part, this was motivated by his desire to create a modern army which could secure all of the national territory.
His domestic policy was distinguished by the defeat of terrorist groups sponsored by Russia, the strengthening of the rule of law, and rapid economic and educational growth, leading to progressive social and cultural change, and development of a modern army capable of protecting Bulgaria's independence.
He mapped out the political course which turned Bulgaria into a strong regional power, respected by the great powers of the day.
There are many open-loop controls, such as on/off switching of valves, machinery, lights, motors or heaters, where the control result is known to be approximately sufficient under normal conditions without the need for feedback.
However, an open-loop system cannot correct any errors that it makes or correct for outside disturbances, and cannot engage in machine learning.
A good example of this is a central heating boiler controlled only by a timer, so that heat is applied for a constant time, regardless of the temperature of the building.
The control action is the switching on/off of the boiler, but the controlled variable should be the building temperature, but is not as this is open-loop control of the boiler, which does not give closed-loop control of the temperature.
In the case of the boiler analogy this would include a thermostat to monitor the building temperature, and thereby feed back a signal to ensure the controller maintains the building at the temperature set on the thermostat.
An open-loop controller is often used in simple processes because of its simplicity and low cost, especially in systems where feedback is not critical.
A typical example would be an older model domestic clothes dryer, for which the length of time is entirely dependent on the judgement of the human operator, with no automatic feedback of the dryness of the clothes.
For example, an irrigation sprinkler system, programmed to turn on at set times could be an example of an open-loop system if it does not measure soil moisture as a form of feedback.
The drawback of open-loop control of steppers is that if the machine load is too high, or the motor attempts to move too quickly, then steps may be skipped.
The controller has no means of detecting this and so the machine continues to run slightly out of adjustment until reset.
For this reason, more complex robots and machine tools instead use servomotors rather than stepper motors, which incorporate encoders and closed-loop controllers.
However, open-loop control is very useful and economic for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be reliably modeled by a mathematical formula.
For example, determining the voltage to be fed to an electric motor that drives a constant load, in order to achieve a desired speed would be a good application.
But if the load were not predictable and became excessive, the motor's speed might vary as a function of the load not just the voltage, and an open-loop controller would be insufficient to ensure repeatable control of the velocity.
For a constant voltage, the conveyor will move at a different speed depending on the load on the motor (represented here by the weight of objects on the conveyor).
In order for the conveyor to run at a constant speed, the voltage of the motor must be adjusted depending on the load.
Thus there are many open-loop controls, such as switching valves, lights, motors or heaters on and off, where the result is known to be approximately sufficient without the need for feedback.
A feed back control system, such as a PID controller, can be improved by combining the feedback (or closed-loop) control of a PID controller with feed-forward (or open-loop) control.
Knowledge about the system (such as the desired acceleration and inertia) can be fed forward and combined with the PID output to improve the overall system performance.
Since the feed-forward output is not affected by the process feedback, it can never cause the control system to oscillate, thus improving the system response without affecting stability.
For example, in most motion control systems, in order to accelerate a mechanical load under control, more force is required from the actuator.
If a velocity loop PID controller is being used to control the speed of the load and command the force being applied by the actuator, then it is beneficial to take the desired instantaneous acceleration, scale that value appropriately and add it to the output of the PID velocity loop controller.
This means that whenever the load is being accelerated or decelerated, a proportional amount of force is commanded from the actuator regardless of the feedback value.
The PID loop in this situation uses the feedback information to change the combined output to reduce the remaining difference between the process setpoint and the feedback value.
Working together, the combined open-loop feed-forward controller and closed-loop PID controller can provide a more responsive control system in some situations.
Oware is an abstract strategy game among the Mancala family of board games (pit and pebble games) played worldwide with slight variations as to the layout of the game, number of players and strategy of play.
Played in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and throughout the Caribbean, Oware and its variants have many names - Ayò, Ayoayo (Yoruba), Awalé (Ivory Coast, Benin), Wari (Mali), Ouri, Ouril or Uril (Cape Verde), Warri (Caribbean) Pallanguzhi (India) Wali (Dagbani), Adji (Ewe), Nchọ/Ókwè (Igbo), ise (Edo), Awale in (Ga) meaning Spoons in English according to the Ga name for the game.
Boards may be elaborately carved or simple and functional; they may include a pedestal, or be hinged to fold lengthwise or crosswise and latch for portability and storage with the seeds inside.
When a board has a hinged cover like a diptych, the scoring houses may be carved into the two halves of the cover, and so be in front of the players during play.
Since there is an even number of seeds, it is possible for the game to end in a draw, where each player has captured 24.
The starting house is always left empty; if it contained 12 (or more) seeds, it is skipped, and the twelfth seed is placed in the next house.
When there are many seeds in a house, sometimes enough to make a full lap of the board or more, they cannot easily be counted by eye, and their number is often guarded by the player who controls that house.
A player may count the seeds when contemplating a move; in such cases the last few are usually counted in the hand to avoid revealing their number.
In Oware Abapa, capturing occurs only when a player brings the count of an opponent's house to exactly two or three with the final seed he sowed in that turn.
This always captures the seeds in the corresponding house, and possibly more: If the previous-to-last seed also brought an opponent's house to two or three, these are captured as well, and so on until a house is reached which does not contain two or three seeds or does not belong to the opponent.
However, if a move would capture all of an opponent's seeds, the capture is forfeited since this would prevent the opponent from continuing the game, and the seeds are instead left on the board.
The proscription against capturing all an opponent's seeds is related to a more general idea, that one ought to make a move that allows the opponent to continue playing.
The game is over when one player has captured 25 or more seeds, or each player has taken 24 seeds (draw).
If both players agree that the game has been reduced to an endless cycle, the game ends when each player has seeds in his holes and then each player captures the seeds on their side of the board.
Variations allowing Grand Slams to end the game are strongly solved by Henri Bal and John Romein at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam in 2002; either side can force a draw.
Lady Macclesfield had two children by Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers, the second of whom was born at Fox Court, Holborn, on 16 January 1697, and christened two days later at St Andrew, Holborn, as Richard Smith.
He stated that he had been cared for by Lady Mason, his grandmother, who had put him in a school near St Albans, and by his godmother, one Mrs Lloyd.
He said he had been pursued by the relentless hostility of his mother, by then Mrs Brett, who had prevented Lord Rivers from leaving £6,000 to him, had tried to have him abducted to the West Indies and then apprenticed him as a shoemaker in Holborn.
Haywood, an actress and best-selling novelist whose works were often a cause of scandal, purportedly had a romantic relationship with Savage, with whom she was rumored to have had a son.
Savage's relationship with Hill, which developed over a period of ten years, proved instrumental in providing him the most important contacts in his career and, above all, in launching a persistent campaign to extort recognition and money from Mrs Brett.
Savage openly exposed the story of his birth in the Preface, and made repeated oblique references to his mother and his status of abandoned genius in many of the poems.
Merchant, not being satisfied with being told to wait for a party of guests to depart, started a brawl in which Savage, amid the chaos, apparently stabbed and mortally wounded one James Sinclair, as well as injuring a maid.
The following day, all three were committed in Newgate Prison, where they assured themselves that they would be charged with manslaughter, since no premeditation was involved in Sinclair's death.
A Mr. Nuttal, although not having seen Savage inflict the wound, suggested Sinclair had already surrendered when Savage attacked him, while Mr Limery, another of Sinclair's friends, saw Savage physically attack but reported that Sinclair still had his sword in hand.
Further statements by Nuttal and Jane Leader, an employee at Robinson's, clearly established that in his final dying words Sinclair explicitly identified Savage as the man who stabbed him.
The defence, on the other hand, tried to establish Savage's innocence by stressing the ill reputation of the Coffeehouse, by claiming that Savage acted in self-defence, and by insisting on the trustfulness and considerable social standing of the accused.
The judge, Francis Page, was not impressed by their attempts, and in a speech filled with sarcastic comments made it clear to the jury what verdict he was expected to see delivered.
At the end of an exceptionally long trial lasting eight hours, the jury found Savage and Gregory guilty of murder, and Merchant of manslaughter.
These did not include Savage's mother, who not only maintained her lifelong hostility towards her supposed son, but also recounted an earlier incident in which Savage had broken into her house in one of his repeated attempts at reconciliation and, according to her, had instead attempted to murder her.
Savage's conviction for murder and the subsequent pardon gained him a considerable amount of fame, and his story was sought over by booksellers and discussed in salons and coffeehouses, along with the behaviour of Mrs Brett.
The turn of Savage's fortunes was also the result of a renewed campaign against his mother, which granted him in 1729 a fixed pension of the considerable amount of £200 per annum.
Thanks to this pension, Savage now bordered on opulence, along with an apartment in Arlington Street, and free supplies of wine and books, all at the expense of Lord Tyrconnel.
The deal with Lord Tyrconnel also seemed to oblige Savage to dismiss his previous penchant for scandal in order to become a respectable member of society as his new patron was.
The relationship between the two seemed genuinely based on Tyrconnel sympathy and admiration of Savage as a poet, and it was Tyrconnel himself who promoted him to the queen as a candidate for the laureateship.
Savage's literary inactivity (interrupted only by his occasional poems to the queen and to Robert Walpole, which he unsuccessfully tried to win as a patron) ultimately seemed to irritate Lord Tyrconnel, and by 1735 their relationship had deteriorated to the point that Lord Tyrconnel forbade him to continue living in his apartment in Arlington Street and stopped providing him his pension.
It is not clear when Savage befriended writer Samuel Johnson, but it seems to have occurred in the latter years of the 1730s.
How their friendship began is equally unclear, but Johnson relates having often accompanied Savage on his nighttime wanderings about London, where he witnessed the poet's poverty and frequent occurrences of public humiliation.
To save him from poverty, his longtime friend Alexander Pope launched a campaign involving several of his philanthropic acquaintances, including Ralph Allen, James Thomson and David Mallet.
Pope also tried to push Savage into writing a letter to Sir William Leman, Mrs Brett's legitimate daughter's husband, begging him to intervene on his behalf with Lord Tyrconnel.
Savage refused outright, a decision which was applauded by Johnson, since he considered the scheme to send Savage to Wales equivalent to exile.
Savage did eventually leave London in July 1739, thus breaking up his friendship with Johnson, with whom he had become a close literary ally.
On the night of 10 January 1743, Savage was arrested for a debt of eight pounds and confined in the debtors' section of the Bristol Newgate Prison.
She claimed that both the children she had by the Earl Rivers died shortly after birth, and that the boy was buried in St Paul's, Covent Garden, with the name of Richard Portlock.
Lady Macclesfield's claims, however, are not incontrovertible, firstly because the boy buried as Richard Portlock may have been the son of nurse Ann Portlock (who Mrs Brett stated had named the baby); secondly, because of the yearly pension of £200 Savage began receiving in 1729 by Lord Tyrconnel who, being Mrs Brett's nephew, seemed to recognize him to some degree.
Savage's statements about his parentage, on the other hand, were not corroborated by the depositions of the witnesses in the Macclesfield divorce case, and Mrs Brett always maintained that he was an impostor.
He was wrong in the date of his birth and, moreover, the godmother of Lady Macclesfield's son was Dorothy Ousley, not Mrs Lloyd.
The city of Warri is an oil hub in South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House.
It shares boundaries with Ughelli/Agbarho, Sapele, Okpe, Udu and Uvwie although most of these places, notably Udu, Okpe and Uvwie, have been integrated to the larger cosmopolitan Warri.
Its boundary in the Northeast was Sapele/Udu creek near Ughelli and Aboh, with Forçados River in the Southeast and Jameson Creek in the Southwest which later changed to Delta Province.
It is a commercial capital city of Delta State, with a population of over 311,970 people according to the national population census figures for 2006.
The Lagos and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria was formally united as Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria on 28 February 1906 and Walter Egerton was appointed as the Governor of new Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, holding office until 1912.
[3] In the new Southern Nigeria, the old Lagos Colony became the Western Province, and the former Southern Nigerian Protectorate was split into a Central Province with capital at Warri and an Eastern Province with capital at Calabar.
Warri sits on the bank of River Warri which joined River Forcados and River Escravos through Jones Creek in the lower Niger Delta Region.
The city has a modern seaport which serves as the cargo transit point between the Niger River and the Atlantic Ocean for import and export.
Warri became a more important port city during the late 19th century, when it became a centre for the palm oil trade and other major items such as rubber, palm products, cocoa, groundnuts, hides, and skins.
There have been a tremendous growth in the population; it has grown from being a rural area to an urban area.
Warri is regarded as a modern metropolitan area with expanded infrastructural development in other local government areas such as Uvwie, Udu, and Okpe in recent years, with various road networks linking these places into one.
Warri City is residence to four monarchs namely the Olu of Warri (Itsekiri), Orosuen (Ovie) of the Okere-Urhobo Kingdom (Urhobo), the Ovie of Agbarha Kingdom (Urhobo) and the Pere of Ogbe Ijaw Kingdom (Ijaw).
However, due to its urban status, there is a large influx of people from all over the country, most notably the Igbos.
The rainy season spans May to October with a brief dry spell in August, but it frequently rains even in the dry season.
The area is characterized by a tropical monsoon climate with mean annual temperature of 32.8 °C and annual rainfall amount of 2768.8 mm.
There is the Warri Refinery and Petrochemicals located at Ekpan with the majority of international and local oil companies operating in Nigeria having their operational offices close by.
Warri is garrisoned by the Amphibious Infantry battalion (Effurun Army Base) located in Effurun, a twin city to Warri and is administratively under the Brigade HQ in Port Harcourt.
Warri has an international stadium with a capacity of 30,000 which is the home of Warri Wolves football club, which has hosted two editions of the African Women Football Championship in 2002 and 2006 respectively and was in contention as one of the venues to be used for the FIFA Under-17 World Cup in Nigeria in 2009.
The Beta Glass Plant is located nearby, outside the town of Ughelli, where the land is rich in silica and silicates, raw materials required for the manufacture of glass, ceramics and cement.
The Transcorp Power Distribution, one of Nigeria's power generating stations, is also located at Ughelli, which is just 15 minutes away by car.
In 1991, construction started on a standard gauge railway from the steel mills at Ajaokuta to the port of Warri, about 275 km away.
By 2006, the standard gauge lines had reached 329 km in length, but the final 27 km Warri section is still incomplete.
Major road networks within Warri Metropolis has been improved upon by the state government to improve the image of the city.
The federal government has completed the Warri-Benin Road road expansion project and major parts of the East-West Road Project which will connect Warri-Uyo.
Transport by air into the city is through Osubi Airstrip (also known as Warri Airport) which is located in Osubi, a nearby town.
There's also the presence of a smaller airstrip located at Ugborikoko, which served as the only airport until a bigger airport was built at Osubi.
Movement of goods by sea is through the Nigerian Ports Authority (Delta Ports) at which is mainly for export and import of goods by major companies.
Also located on the main Warri riverside are markets and jetties used by local traders, which act as a transit point for local transport and trade.
Primary schools in Warri are Cavagina Primary School, Twin Fountain Group of Schools, HillTop, International Unity School (IUS), NNPC Staff Primary School, SNAPS and Alderstown School for the Deaf.
The Abraka beach is famous for its natural flowing spring water, and has sports and recreational facilities for outdoor activities like canoeing, fishing, swimming, barbecue, and picnicking.
Of note is the Wellington Hotels and Suites in Effurun which is easily accessible at the East-West Road, Golden Tulip Hotels which houses Silverbird Cinemas, 5 Star Hotel Excel, Ishaka Hotel both on Refinery Road among others.
The Rök runestone (; Ög 136) is one of the most famous runestones, featuring the longest known runic inscription in stone.
It can now be seen beside the church in Rök (between Mjölby and Ödeshög, close to the E4 and Lake Vättern and Tåkern), Östergötland, Sweden.
It is considered the first piece of written Swedish literature and thus it marks the beginning of the history of Swedish literature.
The stone was discovered built into the wall of the church in the 19th century and removed from the church wall a few decades later.
The church was built in the 12th century, and it was common to use rune stones as building material for churches.
It contains the longest extant pre-Christian runic inscription - around 760 characters, and it is a virtuoso display of the carver's mastery of runic expression.
The inscription is intentionally challenging to read, using kennings in the manner of Old Norse skaldic poetry, and demonstrating the carver's command of different alphabets and writing styles (including code).
In 2015, it was proposed that the inscription has nothing at all to do with the recording of heroic sagas and that it contains riddles which refer only to the making of the stone itself.
I say the folktale / to the young men, which the two war-booties were, which twelve times were taken as war-booty, both together from various men.
I say this second, who nine generations ago lost his life with the Hreidgoths; and died with them for his guilt.
This I say as thirteenth, which twenty kings sat on Sjólund for four winters, of four names, born of four brothers: five Valkis, sons of Hráðulfr, five Hreiðulfrs, sons of Rugulfr, five Háisl, sons of Hôrðr, five Gunnmundrs/Kynmundrs, sons of Bjôrn.
I say the folktale / to the young men, which of the line of Ingold was repaid by a wife's sacrifice.
The part about Theodoric (who died in 526 A.D.) probably concerns the statue of him sitting on his horse in Ravenna, which was moved in 801 A.D. to Aachen by Charlemagne.
This statue was very famous and portrayed Theodoric with his shield hanging across his left shoulder, and his lance extended in his right hand.
The words about Theodoric may be connected to the previous statement, so the stone is talking about the death of Theodoric: he died approximately nine generations before the stone was carved, and the church considered him a cruel and godless emperor, thus some may have said that he died for his guilt.
The story about the twenty kings says that the twenty were four groups of five brothers each, and in each of these four groups, all brothers shared the same names, and their fathers were four brothers (4 × 5 = 20).
While the first part is written in the 16 common short-twig runes in the younger fuþark, Varinn here switches over to using the older 24-type elder fuþark and cipher runes.
It has been assumed that this is intentional, and that the rows following this point concern legends connected specifically to Varinn and his tribe.
Since Thor is evoked before telling about Sibbi's connection with the sanctuary and his potency at old age, it may be a recommendation that being a devout worshipper is beneficial.
Although much in the inscription is difficult to understand, its structure is very symmetrical and easy to perceive: it consists of three parts of (roughly) equal length, each containing two questions and one more or less poetic answer to those questions.
When used in the context of cell development, the term refers to increase in cytoplasmic and organelle volume (G1 phase), as well as increase in genetic material (G2 phase) following the replication during S phase.
Chemical gradients are known to be partly responsible, and it is hypothesized that mechanical stress detection by cytoskeletal structures is involved.
For some cells, there is a mechanism by which cell division is not initiated until a cell has reached a certain size.
If the nutrient supply is restricted (after time t = 2 in the diagram, below), and the rate of increase in cell size is slowed, the time period between cell divisions is increased.
Wee1 protein is a tyrosine kinase that normally phosphorylates the Cdc2 cell cycle regulatory protein (the homolog of CDK1 in humans), a cyclin-dependent kinase, on a tyrosine residue.
When cells have reached sufficient size during G2, the phosphatase Cdc25 removes the inhibitory phosphorylation, and thus activates Cdc2 to allow mitotic entry.
It has been shown in Wee1 mutants, cells with weakened Wee1 activity, that Cdc2 becomes active when the cell is smaller.
This suggests that cell division may be regulated in part by dilution of Wee1 protein in cells as they grow larger.
After entry into mitosis, cytokinesis factors such as myosin II are recruited to similar nodes; these nodes eventually condense to form the cytokinetic ring.
This finding connects a physical location, a band of cortical nodes, with factors that have been shown to directly regulate mitotic entry, namely Cdr1, Cdr2, and Blt1.
Further experimentation with GFP-tagged proteins and mutant proteins indicates that the medial cortical nodes are formed by the ordered, Cdr2-dependent assembly of multiple interacting proteins during interphase.
A Cdr2 kinase mutant, which is able to localize properly despite a loss of function in phosphorylation, disrupts the recruitment of Wee1 to the medial cortex and delays entry into mitosis.
Thus, Wee1 localizes with its inhibitory network, which demonstrates that mitosis is controlled through Cdr2-dependent negative regulation of Wee1 at the medial cortical nodes.
The cell polarity protein kinase Pom1, a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase (DYRK) family of kinases, localizes to cell ends.
In Pom1 knockout cells, Cdr2 was no longer restricted to the cell middle, but was seen diffusely through half of the cell.
Pom1 knockout cells were also shown to divide at a smaller size than wild-type, which indicates a premature entry into mitosis.
Pom1 forms polar gradients that peak at cell ends, which shows a direct link between size control factors and a specific physical location in the cell.
Small cells in early G2 which contain sufficient levels of Pom1 in the entirety of the cell have inactive Cdr2 and cannot enter mitosis.
It is not until the cells grow into late G2, when Pom1 is confined to the cell ends that Cdr2 in the medial cortical nodes is activated and able to start the inhibition of Wee1.
A cell is unable to grow to an abnormally large size because at a certain cell size or cell mass, the S phase is initiated.
A cell is unable to get too small because the later cell cycle events, such as S, G2, and M, are delayed until mass increases sufficiently to begin S phase.
Many of the signal molecules that convey information to cells during the control of cellular differentiation or growth are called growth factors.
Some of the key proteins are important for cell adhesion between myocytes and some are involved in adhesion-dependent cell-to-cell signal transduction that allows for a cascade of cell fusion events.
Increases in the size of plant cells are complicated by the fact that almost all plant cells are inside of a solid cell wall.
Under the influence of certain plant hormones the cell wall can be remodeled, allowing for increases in cell size that are important for the growth of some plant tissues.
Most unicellular organisms are microscopic in size, but there are some giant bacteria and protozoa that are visible to the naked eye.
By always growing by the same amount, cells born smaller or larger than average naturally converge to an average size equivalent to the amount added during each generation.
For most of the constituents of the cell, growth is a steady, continuous process, interrupted only briefly at M phase when the nucleus and then the cell divide in two.
The third part is the G phase in which a significant protein synthesis occurs, mainly involving the production of microtubules that are required during the process of division, called mitosis.
The fourth phase, M phase, consists of nuclear division (karyokinesis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis), accompanied by the formation of a new cell membrane.
The M phase has been broken down into several distinct phases, sequentially known as prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase leading to cytokinesis.
A male and a female gamete can then combine to produce a zygote, a cell which again has the normal amount of chromosomes.
The rest of this article is a comparison of the main features of the three types of cell reproduction that either involve binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis.
Prior to DNA replication, the DNA content of a cell can be represented as the amount Z (the cell has Z chromosomes).
During Binary fission and mitosis the duplicated DNA content of the reproducing parental cell is separated into two equal halves that are destined to end up in the two daughter cells.
The final part of the cell reproduction process is cell division, when daughter cells physically split apart from a parental cell.
After the completion of binary fission or cell reproduction involving mitosis, each daughter cell has the same amount of DNA (Z) as what the parental cell had before it replicated its DNA.
These two types of cell reproduction produced two daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parental cell.
This is the haploid amount of DNA, often symbolized as N. Meiosis is used by diploid organisms to produce haploid gametes.
In a diploid organism such as the human organism, most cells of the body have the diploid amount of DNA, 2N.
Using this notation for counting chromosomes we say that human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (2N = 46) while human sperm and eggs have 23 chromosomes (N = 23).
During meiosis, there are two chromosome separation steps which assure that each of the four daughter cells gets one copy of each of the 23 types of chromosome.
Though cell reproduction that uses mitosis can reproduce eukaryotic cells, eukaryotes bother with the more complicated process of meiosis because sexual reproduction such as meiosis confers a selective advantage.
Information from the chromosome 2 DNA gained from one parent (red) will transfer over to the chromosome 2 DNA molecule that was received from the other parent (green).
This process can also produce new combinations of genes, some of which may be adaptively beneficial and influence the course of evolution.
However, in organisms with more than one set of chromosomes at the main life cycle stage, sex may also provide an advantage because, under random mating, it produces homozygotes and heterozygotes according to the Hardy-Weinberg ratio.
Less fastidious, scalable, methods include the use of cytometers, while flow cytometry allows combining cell counts ('events') with other specific parameters: fluorescent probes for membranes, cytoplasm or nuclei allow distinguishing dead/viable cells, cell types, cell differentiation, expression of a biomarker such as Ki67.
Beside the increasing number of cells, one can be assessed regarding the metabolic activity growth, that is, the CFDA and calcein-AM measure (fluorimetrically) not only the membrane functionality (dye retention), but also the functionality of cytoplasmic enzymes (esterases).
It is the stage which cells are preparing for the next division, biochemical activities and reactions are taking place, however no obvious changes can be seen at this stage.
It is in Travelcard Zone 4 and passenger services are provided by Great Western Railway from and by TfL Rail to Heathrow Airport.
In Autumn 2021, the TfL Rail service will be re-branded as the Elizabeth line and in December 2021 the Elizabeth line service will open to and Heathrow Airport.
The Great Western Railway opened Southall railway station on 1 May 1839, nearly one year after it opened its first railway line on 4 June 1838, between London Paddington and Maidenhead Riverside (the latter now known as Taplow).
The Brentford Branch Line to Brentford Dock was opened for freight in 1859; a passenger service ran on the branch from 1860 until 1942, using the unnumbered platform at the south of the station (the line serving this platform is now only used as a relief line).
From 1 March 1883 to 30 September 1885 (when the service was discontinued as uneconomic) the District Railway ran trains between and Windsor which called at the station.
In 2007, following issues raised by other ethnic groups in the area, First Great Western announced it would review the signage.
It is one of the relatively few stations in England to have bilingual signage, others being Wallsend (Latin), Hereford (Welsh), and St Pancras International, Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International (all French).
In normal circumstances, platforms 1 and 2, on the fast lines, and the unnumbered platform are not used by passengers; platforms 3 and 4 are used by all trains serving the station.
Although Southall is a busy station, automatic ticket barriers have not replaced manual ticket checks and standalone card readers, making the station vulnerable to fare evasion.
On 16 March 2010, the Crossrail Specialist Scrutiny Panel recommended that Crossrail should give consideration to the proposed regeneration developments in the area, including the Southall Gas Works development and the landscaping of unused work sites.
On 19 September 1997, a Great Western Trains passenger train from to failed to stop at a red signal and collided with a freight train, killing 7 people and injuring 139 others.
Following this accident and the more serious Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash some miles east, First Great Western requires all its trains to have their ATP switched on at all times.
In 2007, analysis by First Great Western after several deaths at Southall station found that a third of the suicides on English and Welsh railways occurred on the line between Slough and Paddington.
The town has a successful fine steelwork industry by 1720 and by 1742 its products were of high enough quality to be considered viable diplomatic gifts.
Numerous parish churches still have one or more bells cast by the Keenes, including at Asthall, Bloxham, Cassington, Charlton-on-Otmoor, Chastleton, Chesterton, Duns Tew, Eynsham, Garsington, Islip, Kiddington, Merton, Milton, North Moreton, Oddington, Rousham, Sandford St Martin, Stanton Harcourt, Steeple Aston, Steeple Barton, Stratton Audley, Tackley, Towersey and Woodeaton in Oxfordshire, Stowe in Buckinghamshire, Stanton in Gloucestershire, Middleton Cheney in Northamptonshire and Martley in Worcestershire.
Churchill was given this palace in honour for his victories over the French and the Bavarians at the Battle of Blenheim in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
The greater part of the art treasures and curios were sold off in 1886, and the great library collected by Charles Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, the son-in-law of the first Duke of Marlborough, in 1881.
When Thomas Wyatt led an uprising in 1554 to depose Queen Mary I and put Princess Elizabeth on the throne in her place, Elizabeth was imprisoned in a lodge in Woodstock as a precaution.
The town has two main suburbs: Hensington to the south and east of the town centre, and Old Woodstock to the north.
The town hall of Woodstock was built in 1766 to designs by Sir William Chambers, and there are a number of 17th-century buildings in the town centre.
Woodstock has a Non-League football club Old Woodstock Town who play at Eynsham Hall Sports Ground, and was promoted to the Hellenic Football League Premier Division for the 2008–09 season.
They all live at the surface of the open ocean, and are colonies of carnivorous, free-floating hydroids whose role in the plankton community is similar to that of pelagic jellyfish.
The chondrophores look like a single organism but are actually colonial animals, made up of orderly cooperatives of polyps living under specialized sail-structures.
The tiny individual animals are specialized to perform specific tasks; some form the central gas-filled disc (which is a golden brown colour and hardened by chitinous material) essential to keeping the colony afloat; others form radiating tentacles for tasks such as catching prey, reproduction, and digestion.
They had previously been placed either in the Anthomedusae (also known as Athecata) or the Siphonophora, and though many accepted Totton's placement, a considerable number of authors maintained them in the Anthomedusae/Athecata all the time.
A rare soft-bodied fossil that was recovered from the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation (Mississippian age) in northeastern Kentucky was interpreted as a chondrophorine float and potential porpitids were described from the Carrara Formation (lower Cambrian) of California.
After the death about 1680 of his elder brother Thomas, styled Viscount Colchester, he was designated by that title until he succeeded to the peerage.
Early in life Richard Savage acquired notoriety by his dare-devilry and dissipation, and he was, too, one of the most conspicuous rakes in the society of the period.
After becoming Lord Colchester on his brother's death he entered Parliament as member for Wigan in 1681 and procured a commission in the Horseguards under Sarsfield in 1686.
He was the first nobleman and one of the first persons who joined the Prince of Orange on his landing in England, and he accompanied William to London.
He served abroad in 1702 under Marlborough, who formed a high opinion of his military capacity and who recommended him for the command of a force for an invasion of France in 1706.
The expedition was eventually diverted to Portugal, and Rivers, finding himself superseded before anything was accomplished, returned to England, where Marlborough procured for him a command in the cavalry.
The favour shown him by Marlborough did not deter Rivers from paying court to the Tories when it became evident that the Whig ascendancy was waning, and his appointment as constable of the Tower in 1710 on the recommendation of Harley and without Marlborough's knowledge was the first unmistakable intimation to the Whigs of their impending fall.
Rivers now met with marked favour at court, being entrusted with a delicate mission to the Elector of Hanover in 1710, which was followed by his appointment in 1711 as Master-General of the Ordnance, a post hitherto held by Marlborough himself.
Swift, who was intimate with him, speaks of him as an arrant knave; but the dean may have been disappointed at being unmentioned in Rivers's will, for he made a fierce comment on the earl's bequests to his mistresses and his neglect of his friends.
In June 1712 Rivers was promoted to the rank of general, and became commander-in-chief in England; he died a few weeks later, on 18 August 1712.
He married in 1679 Penelope, daughter of Roger Downes, by whom he had a daughter Elizabeth, who married the 4th Earl of Barrymore.
Rivers' intrigue with Lady Macclesfield was the cause of that lady's divorce from her husband Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield in 1701.
Richard Savage, the poet, claimed identity with Lady Macclesfield's son by Lord Rivers, but though his story was accepted by Dr Johnson and was generally believed, the evidence in its support is faulty in several respects.
As Rivers left no legitimate son the earldom passed on his death to his cousin, John Savage, grandson of the 2nd earl, and a priest in the Roman Catholic Church, on whose death, about 1735, all the family titles became extinct.
Epic theatre () is a theatrical movement arising in the early to mid-20th century from the theories and practice of a number of theatre practitioners who responded to the political climate of the time through the creation of a new political theatre.
Epic theatre is not meant to refer to the scale or the scope of the work, but rather to the form that it takes.
Epic theatre emphasizes the audience's perspective and reaction to the piece through a variety of techniques that deliberately cause them to individually engage in a different way.
The purpose of epic theatre is not to encourage an audience to suspend their disbelief, but rather to force them to see their world as it is.
This new subject matter would then be staged by means of documentary effects, audience interaction, and strategies to cultivate an objective response.
Since epic theatre is so focused on the specific relationship between form and content, these two ideas contradict each other, despite the fact that Brecht was heavily influenced by Wagner.
Although many of the concepts and practices involved in Brechtian epic theatre had been around for years, even centuries, Brecht unified them, developed the approach, and popularised it.
Like Stanislavski, Brecht disliked the shallow spectacle, manipulative plots, and heightened emotion of melodrama; but where Stanislavski attempted to engender real human behaviour in acting through the techniques of Stanislavski's system and to absorb the audience completely in the fictional world of the play, Brecht saw this type of theatre as escapist.
Brecht's own social and political focus was distinct, too, from surrealism and the Theatre of Cruelty, as developed in the writings and dramaturgy of Antonin Artaud, who sought to affect audiences viscerally, psychologically, physically, and irrationally.
For example, flooding the theatre with bright lights (not just the stage) and placing lighting equipment on stage can encourage the audience to fully acknowledge that the production is merely a production instead of reality.
Brecht, too, advised treating each element of a play independently, like a music hall turn that is able to stand on its own.
Common production techniques in epic theatre include a simplified, non-realistic scenic design offset against a selective realism in costuming and props, as well as announcements or visual captions that interrupt and summarize the action.
Brecht used comedy to distance his audiences from the depicted events and was heavily influenced by musicals and fairground performers, putting music and song in his plays.
Brecht thought it was important that the choices the characters made were explicit, and tried to develop a style of acting wherein it was evident that the characters were choosing one action over another.
Mormon is believed by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to be a prophet-historian and a member of a tribe of indigenous Americans known as the Nephites, one of the four groups (including the Lamanites, Jaredites, and Mulekites) described in the Book of Mormon as having settled in the ancient Americas.
He quotes and paraphrases other writers, collects and includes whole texts by other authors, contributes running commentary, and also writes his own narrative.
He writes about the process of making the book, both in terms of compiling the works of other prophets and also in terms of engraving the words on metal plates.
He alludes to content that is left out of the book, and refers to a larger collection of records at his disposal.
The Book of Mormon states that Mormon was instructed by the prophet Ammaron where to find the records that had been passed down from their ancestors.
It also says that Mormon later abridged the near-millennium-long history of his ancestors, and added additional revelations into the Book of Mormon.
Divisions of the book relating to Mormon's personal history are the Words of Mormon and the first seven chapters of the larger book.
At about the age of ten, he was visited by Ammaron and given instructions on where to find the sacred engravings of the Nephite prophets and what to engrave upon them.
Mormon went to the hill Shim at about the age of 24, as instructed by Ammaron, to take and abridge the Nephite records.
However, about thirteen years later, Mormon decided to return as commander of the Nephite armies as they were being badly beaten by the Lamanites.
Upon returning, Mormon again led them in battle against the Lamanites until the entire destruction of the Nephite nation, which took place as a result of a huge battle fought between the two groups in 385.
The prophet Moroni, Mormon's son to whom he delivered the Golden Plates, records that Mormon was killed by the Lamanites (presumably in AD 385 or shortly thereafter).
As the last prophet and keeper of the record, Moroni is said to have become the angel or messenger who revealed the location of the Golden Plates to Joseph Smith in 1823.
In AD 385, Mormon witnesses the destruction of the Nephite people and their armies as they battle against the Lamanites (Mormon 6:1).
Mormon is 74 years old at the time (AD 385 minus 326 years after the birth of Christ when Mormon said he was 15 years old (16th year), see Mormon 2:2).
15 years later in AD 400 (Mormon 8), Moroni finishes his father's record (Mormon 8:1) and mentions that his father was killed after the battle against the Lamanites at the Hill Cumorah (Mormon 8:3), which would have been after AD 385, making Mormon at least 74 years old when he died.
When James II came to the throne he was commissioned in the English Army, serving during the suppression of Monmouth's Rebellion in 1685.
During the Glorious Revolution of 1688 he remained loyal to James and led an English cavalry detachment at the Wincanton Skirmish, the only military engagement of the campaign.
He became one of the principal Jacobite leaders during the Williamite War in Ireland; James rewarded him by making him an Earl in the Peerage of Ireland.
When a planned French invasion of England had to be abandoned following a French naval defeat in 1692, Sarsfield served in Flanders and was killed at the Battle of Landen in 1693.
After his death Sarsfield was widely commemorated in Ireland as a national hero, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Under the 1642-1649 Irish Confederation Patrick senior was a member of its Ormondist moderate faction, which advocated support of Charles I in the ongoing war; Charles II later assisted him to regain properties he had lost as a result of the conflict.
While the Sarsfields were closely connected to other families of the Pale, Sarsfield's mother Anne was the daughter of Roger O'Moore, a landowner of ancient Gaelic noble lineage and one of the main instigators of the 1641 rebellion.
There are few records of Sarsfield's life prior to his military career: we do not know where or when he was born and nothing is known of his early life or education.
Some older biographies state that he was educated at a French military college; there is no evidence to support this although he saw some military service in France as a young man.
In the 1670 Treaty of Dover, Charles II agreed to support a French attack on the Dutch Republic and supply 6,000 troops for the French army.
As a result, it served in the Rhineland campaigns of Marshall Turenne, considered the best general of his time; it was eventually disbanded in 1676.
On his return to London, Sarsfield was caught up in the anti-Catholic hysteria of the Popish Plot, and lost his commission.
This reinvigorated his military career, especially since James was keen to promote Catholics and by 1688, he reached the rank of colonel.
The same year James was deposed by his nephew and son-in-law William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution; Sarsfield was present at the Wincanton Skirmish, one of the few military clashes during William's invasion of England.
William's attempts to extend his control over the Kingdom of Ireland, whose establishment was largely Jacobite, were to lead to the Williamite War in Ireland.
Supported by France, James landed in Ireland in March 1689, accompanied by French officers and a group of Jacobite supporters including Sarsfield, who was now promoted to brigadier.
As a member for Dublin, Sarsfield sat during the 1689 Parliament called by James, and led cavalry units in the Jacobites' 1689 campaign in Ulster and Connacht.
His reputation with their French allies grew, and in October the French ambassador asked James whether Sarsfield could be considered as a commander for a brigade of Irish troops to be sent into French service.
Sarsfield's role at the Battle of the Boyne was relatively peripheral, but the departure of James for France after the Jacobite defeat led to a growth in Sarsfield's political prominence during the later part of the war.
Sarsfield became the central figure of a group of Jacobite officers opposing James's Lord Deputy, Tyrconnell, who proposed seeking a favourable peace settlement with William.
Sarsfield gained further prominence when he led an attack on the Williamite artillery train at Ballyneety in August 1690; the action was widely credited with forcing William to abandon the Siege of Limerick and cemented his military reputation.
Tyrconnell and Sarsfield were however to remain at odds until the former's death, shortly after the decisive Jacobite defeat at Aughrim in July 1691.
Sarsfield's role at Aughrim is unclear: one account of the battle claimed that he had quarrelled with the French general the Marquis de St Ruth and was stationed at the rear with the cavalry reserve.
The remnants of the Jacobite army regrouped under his command at Limerick, but by October Sarsfield was forced to negotiate articles of surrender.
The decision has been criticised for a number of reasons: Sarsfield had repeatedly undermined Tyrconnell for advocating the same thing, while it appears that the Williamite army was in a weaker position than he judged.
The Treaty of Limerick provided for many of the remaining Jacobite troops to leave the country and enter French service; about 19,000 officers and men, including Sarsfield, chose to leave.
His handling of the civil articles was less successful; ambiguous drafting facilitated some of the Parliament of Ireland's subsequent extension of the Penal Laws against Catholics, although it is likely that Sarsfield viewed the treaty as a temporary measure until the war could be resumed.
Despite several searches no grave or burial record has been found, though a plaque at St Martin's church, Huy, has been set up in commemoration.
While some older biographies claim that they also had a daughter, Catalina Sarsfield, she appears to have in fact been from another branch of the family.
The absence of any journal or memoir and small number of surviving letters makes it impossible to determine his precise political views; almost nothing is known of his family life and none of the several extant portraits of him can be authenticated.
His success in the action at Ballyneety was particularly emphasised, although one later study has suggested that it was of questionable military value and raised the strong possibility that Sarsfield's men indiscriminately slaughtered the camp followers.
Criticism has also been levelled at his handling of the Treaty of Limerick as well as his role in creating divisions in the Jacobite camp.
His own commanding officers often found him rash and easily manipulated, although he had an undoubted talent for raising morale and seems to have been very popular with the rank and file.
The poet Dáibhí Ó Bruadair composed a panegyric describing him as virtuous, heroic, popular and a great leader, while admitting that he had never actually met Sarsfield and was unsure if he ever would.
During the 19th century Sarsfield continued to be celebrated in more general terms as a national hero, while by the early 20th century he was often depicted as a staunch Catholic as well as a defender of his country.
Sarsfield's image as a brave, honourable and virtuous patriot was widely deployed in answer to the Unionist propaganda that Irish Catholics, and by extension nationalists, were incapable of self-government.
When the Irish Folklore Commission began collecting folklore across the country in the 1930s, they found many oral narratives about Sarsfield, particularly across Limerick and Tipperary and at Lucan: Sarsfield is associated with stories of buried gold, with Robin Hood-like generosity to the poor, with tales of having his horse shod backward to escape from pursuers, and with apparitions of dogs or white horses.
Part of the route Sarsfield took for his attack on the Williamite siege train is marked out today as Sarsfield's Ride, and is a popular walking and cycling route through County Tipperary, County Clare and County Limerick.
Part of the California Army National Guard, Bravo Company, 184th Infantry Regiment out of Dublin, California was called the Sarsfield Grenadier Guards at a time when the unit comprised soldiers of Irish birth or descent.
Unlike the exchange transaction which mutually benefits all the parties involved in it, the transfer payment consists of a donor and a recipient, with the donor giving up something of value without receiving anything in return.
These transactions can be both voluntary or involuntary and are generally motivated either by the altruism of the donor or the malevolence of the recipient.
In economics, a transfer payment (or government transfer or simply transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth by means of the government making a payment, without goods or services being received in return.
For the purpose of calculating gross domestic product (GDP), government spending does not include transfer payments, which are the reallocation of money from one party to another rather than expenditure on newly produced goods and services.
It is estimated that 90% of high-income nations make these payments via electronic transfer methods, whereas over half of the world's developing countries utilizes paper payments such as cash or checks.
However, cash transfer programs are constrained by three factors: financial resources, institutional capacity, and ideology, particularly in countries in the Global South.
Many governments in poorer countries, where cash transfers could potentially have the most impressive impact, are often unwilling to implement such programmes due to fears of inflation and more importantly, dependency on the transfers.
In-kind transfer payments consist of individual goods and services provided to households by governmental bodies and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs), which are either acquired on the market or produced as non-market output by governmental bodies or NPISHs.
Primarily, social security benefits are designed to provide income continuity to those persons who have retired from labour force because of either inability to work (physical disability or mental trauma), to find employment or due to old age (retirement).
In Australia, the horizontal fiscal imbalance arises because of the mismatch between the tax revenues and government expenses for the various state and territorial governments.
These transfers are intended to assist provinces with less fiscal capacity than others in providing comparable public services in all regions, including health and education.
Transfers include explicit programs such as equalization payments, Canada Health Transfer (CHT) and the Canada Social Transfer (CST) (formerly the Canada Health and Social Transfer) and Territorial Formula Financing.
In a 1957 arrangement, poorer provinces received annual payments: Prince Edward Island received $2.5 million and the three provinces, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick each received $7.5 million.
Implicit transfers through federal taxation, for example, are greater in higher income provinces such as British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Ontario and lower in provinces such as Manitoba, Quebec, and the Atlantic provinces.
Since July 2011, existing regional and local social security schemes, including pooling arrangements, are gradually being unified under the country's first national law on social transfer payments.
The government aims to establish a comprehensive, equitable, and unified pension system that covers both urban and rural residents by 2020.
India has four types of social transfer payments – old age and disability benefits, sickness and maternity benefits, work injury transfers, and unemployment benefits.
The U.S. still utilizes paper transfer payments in its Social Security administration as many recipients, particularly those in lower-income categories, are unbanked, i.e.
After his release he took up arms on behalf of William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution, after whose accession to the throne he was made a Privy Counsellor (1694) and Lord Lieutenant of Devon (1696).
In 1697 he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1699 President of the Board of Trade, being dismissed from his office upon the accession of Anne in 1702.
On his death without children, his titles and Leicestershire estate at Bradgate Park passed to his first cousin Henry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford (1685–1739), a grandson of the first earl, from whom the later earls were descended.
Kidlington is a large village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England, between the River Cherwell and the Oxford Canal, north of Oxford and south-west of Bicester.
The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin dates from 1220 but there is evidence of a church on the site since AD 1073.
Mears and Stainbank of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the treble, second, third, fourth and sixth bells in 1897, the year of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.
Behind the church there are archaeological remains of a three-sided moat, and a causeway has recently been discovered which may be of Roman origin.
Beside the church are the almshouses, built by Sir William Morton in 1671 in memory of his wife and children, whose names are inscribed above the windows.
Other famous residents of Hampden Manor include Sir John Vanbrugh who lived here during the building of Blenheim Palace in Woodstock.
Thomas Beecham formulated his medicine whilst living in a cottage near the manor, where he worked for a time as a gardener for John Sydenham.
Until the Enclosure acts in 1818, a large section south of the village was unenclosed common land, and the village was widely known as Kidlington-on-the-Green.
In 2018, an elephant sculpture was installed on a roundabout at the southern end of Kidlington to commemorate the zoo and an elephant that lived there.
In the 20th century, Kidlington grew to be a contender for largest village in England (as well as Europe) with a population of 13,723 (compared with 1,300 in 1901).
Kidlington residents have so far resisted proposals to become a town, though it clearly qualifies for such status against any criteria.
Following a peremptory change by the Parish Council to Town status in November 1987, the change was voted down three months later in a ballot of the local electorate by 83%, and reversed.
In June 2016, the BBC reported weekly coachloads of sightseers from China arriving on Benmead Road, Kidlington, who were seen posing for photos in front gardens and against parked cars, with no apparent reason for their interest.
An investigative journalist determined that, in fact, Chinese tour operators charge $68 extra for Chinese language tours of nearby Blenheim Palace.
Tourists who do not want to pay to visit Blenheim are dropped off in Kidlington, which they find charming, but which tour operators select because it is too far from Blenheim to enable tourists to walk to the Palace and pay the cheaper £25 price for public tours in English.
The Great Western Railway added a branch line between Kidlington and Woodstock in 1890, and a new Blenheim and Woodstock railway station at Woodstock, renaming Woodstock Road Station as Kidlington Station.
From the 1980s onwards it has been Oxfordshire County Council policy to have a new station on land between Flatford Place and Thorne Close on Lyne Road.
At Water Eaton, south of the centre of Kidlington, there was a railway halt at Oxford Road on the former Varsity Line.
The halt was opened by the London and North Western Railway in 1905 and closed by its successor, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1926.
In October 2015 Chiltern Railways and Network Rail opened a new Oxford Parkway railway station near the site of the former Oxford Road Halt with trains every 30 minutes to London Marylebone via and in one direction, and to in the other direction.
North to south these are: the Highwayman Hotel (originally the Anchor, then the Railway Hotel, then the Wise Alderman, before being renamed again in 2009), the Black Horse, the Black Bull, the Red Lion, as well as the King's Arms in the Moors, and the Six Bells in Mill Street.
The headquarters of the Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service, Thames Valley Police and the county St. John Ambulance are all in Kidlington, as is the UK head office of the European publishing company Elsevier.
Oxford Airport, renamed London Oxford Airport in 2009, is also in Kidlington; since 1962 it has had a pilot training school that has trained thousands of pilots for many airlines in more than 40 countries.
Opposite the airport is the Langford Locks industrial estate and Oxford Motor Park which has showrooms for makes including Honda, Nissan and Toyota.
The current band, Kidlington Concert Brass, was founded by the merger of Kidlington Silver Band and Oxford Concert Brass in 1992.
Kidlington Amateur Operatic Society (KAOS) was founded in 1977, and presents concerts of varied choral material in the village several times annually in addition to staging regular productions of musicals.
Its first team plays in the Evo-Stik League South Division One Central and its reserve side play in Uhlsport Hellenic Division One West.
The 2010–11 season saw Kidlington reach the final of the Oxfordshire Senior Cup for the first time in its history where they was beaten by Oxford United at the Kassam Stadium.
Kidlington Royals Football Club is the only Sunday football team in Kidlington, playing in the Premier Division of the Upper Thames Valley League.
It is regarded as one of the best Sunday League sides in Oxfordshire, being made up of players who play at a high level of Saturday football, including the Blue Square (football conference), Southern League and the Hellenic Premier Division.
The Gosford All Blacks was founded on 15 May 1956, taking its name from the New Zealand All Blacks team which was touring that season.
In May 1959 the club moved to Langford Lane and in December 1962 became the youngest club to acquire its own clubhouse.
From 1976 until 1998, Kidlington was the home base for motor racing team Tom Walkinshaw Racing, founded by Scottish racing driver Tom Walkinshaw.
TWR raced a variety of cars including the Rover Vitesse, Mazda RX-7, Jaguar XJS and Holden Commodore as well as being the factory backed Jaguar team in both Sports car racing and Touring car racing.
TWR would win numerous championships including the World Sportscar Championship and both the European and British Touring Car Championships as well as a number of high-profile races including the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Spa 24 Hours and the Bathurst 1000.
Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby (c. 1623 – 1657), was an elected Member of Parliament for Leicester during the English Long Parliament, an active member of the Parliamentary party and a regicide.
He was the eldest son of Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford, using his father's as his own courtesy title, and Anne Cecil, daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter.
In January 1643, during the First English Civil War he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the forces of the Parliament in the Midland Counties and Governor of Leicester.
In 1648 he won some credit for his share in the pursuit and capture of the Duke of Hamilton; he assisted Colonel Pride in purging the Parliament by helping to identify members to be excluded.
His signature on the death warrant indicates that he was a strong advocate for the execution of the King, because he signed after the President of the court John Bradshaw and before Oliver Cromwell, who was third to sign out of a total of fifty nine commissioners (judges).
A member of the Council of State under the Commonwealth, Lord Grey of Groby fought against the Scots in 1651 during the Third English Civil War.
A supporter of the Good Old Cause, in February 1655 during the Protectorate he was arrested on suspicion of conspiring against Cromwell who was by now Lord Protector, but he was, however, soon released.
Thomas Grey was born in 1623 to Henry Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Groby and Anne Cecil daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter.
He spent most of his youth in the Bradgate House, construction of which was begun by a late ancestor of his; Sir John Grey of Groby, and in Groby Manor.
In 1628 Thomas at the age of five acquired the courtesy title of Lord Grey of Groby when his father was created the 1st Earl of Stamford.
At the age of either 10 or 11, his family entertained Charles I and his wife Henrietta Maria of France in the Bradgate House.
The family, having issues with failed business aspirations and also with both local and national policy, began to turn against the king in 1634.
With the English Civil War looming, in 1641 Grey was elected a Member of Parliament for Leicester in the House of Commons and was admitted to Gray's Inn like his father before him.
He was also later that same year selected among twelve other members of the same committee to present the Grand Remonstrance and petition to the Monarchy.
On 16 January 1643, Thomas, Lord Grey of Groby was appointed commander-in-chief of the midland counties association and then ordered to take special care of Nottingham during the second Civil War.
In a letter to his son Thomas, dated 5 March 1643, Henry Grey (Thomas' father) describes a battle to sweep the country, going through such towns as Lutterworth, Hinckley, Barwell, Lichfield, and Newark.
After the defeat of the Scots at Preston, he pursued the Duke of Hamilton and his horse to Uttoxeter and took credit for his capture, though Duke Hamilton claimed he surrendered.
In 1651, he was sent to raise volunteers with the commission of commander-in-chief in the counties of Leicester, Nottingham, Northampton and Rutland, to meet the Scottish invasion.
By end of the year 1643, Grey's views began to diverge from his father's moderate ideas and in 1644 he left Leicester because of misunderstanding with the county.
In 1645 Lord Grey was forced to give up command by the Self-Denying Ordinance of April 1645 and it was after that that he entered a political alliance with radical and republican politicians, also petitioning to meet the royalist attack.
On 6 December 1648 Lord Grey assisted with Pride's Purge (pointing out 'obnoxious' members who were to be removed from the house), he was also a supporter of the Leveller Cause.
On 16 February 1649 he served as one of the Judges against King Charles I, after which he gained notoriety as regicide.
Grey was the second of the 59 regicides to sign and the only aristocrat to sign the death warrant which resulted in King Charles's execution on 30 January 1649.
In 1653, he became disenchanted with Oliver Cromwell because he dissolved the Rump and on 12 February 1655 Grey joined the Fifth Monarchists.
On 4 June 1646, at the age of 23, Lord Grey married Dorothy, daughter of Edward Bourchier, 4th Earl of Bath.
Typographically, the numero sign combines the uppercase Latin letter N with a usually superscript lowercase letter o, sometimes underlined, resembling the masculine ordinal indicator.
The numero sign as a single glyph, despite its widespread usage internationally, is not a standard alphabetic symbol in virtually any European language.
In American English, the number sign (also 'hash' or 'pound') (#) is used as a prefix to designate numbers and at the end of a number to designate pounds of weight in some publications.
In online usage, the number sign may cause complications because of its other uses for hashtags and HTML anchors, a complication not present with the numero sign (thus the numero sign can be used in places where the number sign cannot).
The first letter(s) of the word to be abbreviated are followed by a period; then, the final letter(s) of the word are written as lowercase superscripts.
Some languages, such as Polish, omit the dot in abbreviations, if the last letter of the original word is present in the abbreviation.
In Microsoft Windows and HTML in general, the numero sign can be entered by the Unicode input methods codice_1 or codice_2.
Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford ( 1599 – 21 August 1673), known as the Lord Grey of Groby from 1614 to 1628, was an English nobleman and military leader.
Henry succeeded his paternal grandfather, Henry Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Groby, as second Baron Grey of Groby in July 1614.
His great-grandfather Lord John Grey of Pirgo was son of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset and younger brother of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
Just before the outbreak of the English Civil War, he was included as one of the opponents of King Charles I of England, and was made lord lieutenant of Leicestershire.
At the Battle of Stratton, on 16 May 1643, his troops were beaten by the Royalists; driven into Exeter, the Earl of Stamford was forced to surrender the city after a siege of three months.
He took no further part in the military operations of the war, although once or twice he was employed on other businesses.
The ravages of the Royalists had reduced him to poverty, and distrusted by the House of Commons, he had great difficulty in getting any compensation from Parliament.
After a period of retirement, he declared for King Charles II of England during a rising in August 1659, and was arrested but soon released.
The presence of fallow deer (4 bones) and pig (13 bones) is puzzling, since these animals are thought to have been introduced only in the Neolithic period.
These dates have been challenged as the excavators considered the nine bone dates to be the least reliable and did not agree with the dates of the stratigraphy where they were found.
The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards.
Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year, the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards (1980).
Producers must have produced at least 51% playing time on three separately released recordings (only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format).
Jet is a product of high-pressure decomposition of wood from millions of years ago, commonly the wood of trees of the family Araucariaceae.
Hard jet is the result of carbon compression and salt water; soft jet is the result of carbon compression and fresh water.
Jet is also found in Poland and Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain and near Erzurum in Turkey, where it is used to make prayer beads.
Native American Navajo and Pueblo tribes of New Mexico were using regionally mined jet for jewellery and the ornamentation of weapons when early Spanish explorers reached the area in the 1500s.
Enormous coal deposits characterize the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and this geology is closely related to jet deposits mined in the Henry Mountains of Utah and the Front Range of El Paso County, Colorado.
Jet has been used in Britain since the Neolithic period, but the earliest known object is a 10,000 BC model of a botfly larva, from Baden-Württemberg, Germany, found among the Venuses of Petersfels.
The end of Roman Britain marked the end of jet's ancient popularity, despite sporadic use in the Anglo-Saxon and Viking periods and the later Medieval period.
It was used in rings, hair pins, beads, bracelets, bangles, necklaces, and pendants, many of which are visible in the Yorkshire Museum.
There is no evidence for Roman jet working in Whitby itself, rather it was transferred to Eboracum (modern York) where considerable evidence for jet production has been found.
In the Roman period it saw use as a magical material, frequently used in amulets and pendants because of its supposed protective qualities and ability to deflect the gaze of the evil eye.
Jet as a gemstone was fashionable during the reign of Queen Victoria, during which the Queen wore Whitby jet as part of her mourning dress, mourning the death of Prince Albert.
Jet was associated with mourning jewellery in the 19th century because of its sombre colour and modest appearance, and it has been traditionally fashioned into rosaries for monks.
In the United States, long necklaces of jet beads were popular during the Roaring Twenties, when women and young flappers would wear multiple strands of jet beads stretching from the neckline to the waistline.
In these necklaces, the jet was strung using heavy cotton thread; small knots were made on either side of each bead to keep the beads spaced evenly, much in the same way that fine pearl necklaces are made.
Jet has also been known as black amber, as it may induce an electric charge like that of amber when rubbed.
Jet is very easy to carve, but it is difficult to create fine details without breaking so it takes an experienced lapidary to execute more elaborate carvings.
At the time publication ceased on June 6, 2010, it was the largest daily newspaper in the American state of Hawaii.
Thank Heaven, the day at length has dawned when the Hawaiian nation can boast a free press, untrammeled by government patronage or party pledges, unbiased by ministerial frowns or favors.
John Edward Bush, who was minister of the interior at the time, arranged for a government loan, and a guarantee of all government printing contracts.
In his place, Wallace Rider Farrington, future Governor of the Territory of Hawaii, arrived from Maine to become the new editor.
Spreckels' royalist slant in his editorial articles were deplored by many of the American businessmen residing in Hawaii at the time.
The 1887 constitution stripped the monarchy of most authority, took away many rights of native Hawaiians to vote in elections, and granted voting rights to American residents, even those who did not have citizenship in the kingdom.
Thurston had been instrumental to the overthrow of the monarchy and the end of the existence of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Both were enormously influenced by the rising local Chinese American, Filipino American and Japanese American readership and worked to cater to these communities' news interests.
From 1962 to 2001, both dueling newspapers were administered under a joint operating agreement under which they shared printing and advertising operations but kept separate editorial staff and printing functions.
If no buyer came forward by March 29, 2010, Black Press started making preparations to operate both papers through a transitional management team and then combine the two dailies into one.
From the 1930s through the 1950s the building's roof sported two radio towers with the transmitting antenna of AM radio station KGU strung between them.
Although Gannett sold the Advertiser in May 2010, the building that housed the newspaper will not be for sale as it is expected to be sold to a different party in the future.
Publisher Carlson cited low ad revenues and the failure to find a buyer as among the primary reasons for shutting the paper down.
Mărțișor (mərt͡siˈʃor) is a celebration at the beginning of spring, on March the 1st in Romania, Moldova, and all territories inhabited by Romanians and Moldovans.
Giving this talisman to people is an old custom, and it is believed that the wearer will be strong and healthy for the year to come.
Usually, both women and men wear it pinned to their clothes, close to the heart, until the last day of March, when they tie it to a fruit-tree twig.
After wearing it for a certain length of time, they buy red wine and sweet cheese with the coin, according to a belief that their faces would remain beautiful and white as cheese and rubicund as the wine, all year.
In modern times, and especially in urban areas, the Mărțișor lost most of its talisman properties and became more a symbol of friendship, love, appreciation and respect.
The black threads were replaced by red, but the delicate wool string is still a ‘cottage industry’ among people in the countryside, who comb out the wool, dye the floss, and twist it into thousands of tassels.
In ancient Rome, New Year's Eve was celebrated on March 1 — 'Martius' — as the month was called in honor of the god Mars.
The Thracians also celebrated New Year's Eve on the first of March, a month named after the god Marsyas Silen, the inventor of the pipe (fluier, traditional musical instrument), whose cult was related to the land and vegetation.
In some areas, Daco-Romanians still celebrate the agrarian New Year in spring, where the first days of March are considered days of a new beginning.
Before March 1, women choose one of the first nine days of March; the weather on that day would predict how year will go for them.
The first nine days of March are called Baba Dochia's Days, Baba Dochia being an image of the Great Earth Goddess.
White symbolises purity, the sum of all colours, and light, while black symbolises origins, distinction, fecundation and fertility, being colour of fertile soil.
In this interpretation, the thread of a Mărțișor represents the union of the feminine and the masculine principles, the vital forces which give birth to the eternal cycle of the nature.
In Daco-Romanian folklore, seasons are attributed symbolic colours: spring is red, summer is green or yellow, autumn is black, and winter is white.
This is why one can say that the Mărțișor thread, knitted in white and red, is a symbol of passing, from the cold white winter, to the lively spring, associated with fire and life.
According to one of the several proposed legends about the martenitsa in Bulgaria, the custom has roots in the late seventh century.
This legend, first attested in the 20th century, says that the Bulgar Khan Asparukh sent a message to his sister across the Danube about his victory over the Byzantine Empire.
Such trees are generally submerged when dams are built near existing forests, and their wood remains good while underwater for long periods.
Musicologists and historians suggest that the story is more complicated, but this is the version that is most often offered by Hawaiian musicians.
The music did not develop a mainland audience during the Hawaiian music craze of the early 20th century, during which Hawaiian music came to be identified outside Islands with the steel guitar and the ukulele.
Slack key remained private and family entertainment, and it was not even recorded until 1946–47, when Gabby Pahinui cut a series of records that brought the tradition into public view.
During the 1960s and particularly during the Hawaiian Cultural Renaissance of the 1970s, slack key experienced a surge in popularity and came to be seen as one of the most genuine expressions of Hawaiian spirit, principally thanks to Gabby Pahinui, Atta Isaacs, Leonard Kwan, Sonny Chillingworth, Raymond Kāne, and the more modern styles of younger players such as Keola Beamer, his brother Kapono Beamer, Peter Moon, and Haunani Apoliona.
During this period, luthiers such as the Guitar and Lute Workshop in Honolulu specialized in the development and manufacture of guitars custom made to order for slack-key performance.
Many currently prominent Hawaii-based players got their starts during the Cultural Renaissance years: Cindy Combs, Ledward Kaapana, George Kahumoku, Jr., his brother Moses Kahumoku, Dennis Kamakahi, Ozzie Kotani, three Pahinui brothers (Bla, Cyril, and Martin), the Emerson Brothers and Owana Salazar.
These artists, and slack key in general, have become well known outside Hawaii largely through George Winston's Dancing Cat Records record label, which has most often showcased the music in solo settings.
The result is most often a major chord, although it can also be a major-seventh chord, a sixth, or (rarely) a minor.
A third significant group is Mauna Loa tunings, in which the highest pair of strings are a fifth apart: Gabby Pahinui often played in C Mauna Loa, CGEGAE.
George Winston has identified fifty slack key tunings Some are only commonly used for a single song, or by particular players.
For each turn, they would play another game, and the winner of that game would get to roll six dice to determine his car's movement, while the loser would roll just five.
The games are based on elements: Tamsk (time), Zèrtz (water), Dvonn (fire), Yinsh (air), Tzaar (earth), and Pünct (the interconnectivity of the brain).
Most of the games in the series can be played free online (for example, at BoardSpace.net) or against freely available computer opponents.
Tesla designed this system for use in prospecting and discerning the location of underground mineral structures through the transmission of mechanical energy through the subsurface.
Additional non-mechanical responses to the initial acoustic impulses may also be detectable using instruments that measure various electrical and magnetic parameters.
The electromechanical oscillator was originally designed as a source of isochronous (that is to say, frequency stable), alternating electric current used with both wireless transmitting and receiving apparatus.
An electromechanical device runs at the same rate regardless of changes in its , so it maintains a constant frequency (hz).
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (, September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice-President, serving from 1957 to 1961.
He was the father of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who followed his path as President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010.
A native of Lubao, Pampanga, Macapagal graduated from the University of the Philippines and University of Santo Tomas, both in Manila, after which he worked as a lawyer for the government.
In 1957, he became vice president under the rule of President Carlos P. Garcia, whom he later defeated in the 1961 election.
He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed the peso on the free currency exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls.
He is also known for shifting the country's observance of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, commemorating the day President Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally declared the independence of the First Philippine Republic from the Spanish Empire in 1898.
Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president of the Constitutional Convention which would later draft what became the 1973 Constitution, though the manner in which the charter was ratified and modified led him to later question its legitimacy.
Macapagal was also a reputed poet in the Chinese and Spanish language, though his poetic oeuvre was eclipsed by his political biography.
His father was Urbano Macapagal y Romero (c. 1883 – 1946), a poet who wrote in the local Pampangan language and his mother was Romana Pangan Macapagal, daughter of Atanacio Miguel Pangan (a former cabeza de barangay of Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga) and Lorenza Suing Antiveros.
Diosdado is a distant descendant of Don Juan Macapagal, a prince of Tondo, who was a great-grandson of the last reigning Lakan of the Kingdom of Tondo, Lakan Dula.
He is also related to well-to-do Licad family through Diosdado's mother Romana who is a second cousin of Maria Vitug Licad, grandmother of renowned pianist, Cecile Licad.
Diosdado Macapagal was also a reputed poet in the Spanish language although his poet work was eclipsed by his political biography.
Macapagal excelled in his studies at local public schools, graduating valedictorian at Lubao Elementary School, and salutatorian at Pampanga High School.
He finished his pre-law course at the University of the Philippines, then enrolled at Philippine Law School in 1932, studying on a scholarship and supporting himself with a part-time job as an accountant.
Returning to Pampanga, he joined boyhood friend Rogelio de la Rosa in producing and starring in Tagalog operettas patterned after classic Spanish zarzuelas.
He also gained the assistance of philanthropist Don Honorio Ventura, the Secretary of the Interior at the time, who financed his education.
He also received financial support from his mother's relatives notably from the Macaspacs who owned large tracts of land in barrio Sta.
After receiving his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1936, he was admitted to the bar, topping the 1936 bar examination with a score of 89.95%.
He later returned to his alma mater to take up graduate studies and earn a Master of Laws degree in 1941, a Doctor of Civil Law degree in 1947, and a PhD in Economics in 1957.
After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to join an American law firm as a practicing attorney, a particular honor for a Filipino at the time.
During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Macapagal continued working in Malacañan Palace as an assistant to President José P. Laurel, while secretly aiding the anti-Japanese resistance during the Allied liberation against the Japanese.
With the establishment of the independent Republic of the Philippines in 1946, he rejoined government service when President Manuel Roxas appointed him to the Department of Foreign Affairs as the head of its legal division.
In 1948, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator in the successful transfer of the Turtle Islands in the Sulu Sea from the United Kingdom to the Philippines.
In 1949, he was elevated to the position of Counselor on Legal Affairs and Treaties, at the time the fourth-highest post in the Philippine Foreign Office.
On May 5, 1946 he married Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg, with whom he had two children, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (who would become President of the Philippines) and Diosdado Macapagal, Jr.
On the urging of local political leaders of Pampanga province, President Quirino recalled Macapagal from his position in Washington to run for a seat in the House of Representatives representing the 1st District of Pampanga.
The district's incumbent, Representative Amado Yuzon, was a friend of Macapagal, but was opposed by the administration due to his support by communist groups.
After a campaign that Macapagal described as cordial and free of personal attacks, he won a landslide victory in the 1949 election.
At the start of legislative sessions in 1950, the members of the House of Representatives elected Macapagal as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and he was given several important foreign assignments.
He was a Philippine delegate to the United Nations General Assembly multiple times, notably distinguishing himself in debates over Communist aggression with Andrei Vishinsky and Jacob Malik of the Soviet Union.
As a Representative, Macapagal authored and sponsored several laws of socio-economic importance, particularly aimed at benefiting the rural areas and the poor.
Among the pieces of legislation which Macapagal promoted were the Minimum Wage Law, Rural Health Law, Rural Bank Law, the Law on Barrio Councils, the Barrio Industrialization Law, and a law nationalizing the rice and corn industries.
In the 1957 general election, the Liberal Party drafted Representative Macapagal to run for Vice President as the running-mate of José Yulo, a former Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Macapagal's nomination was particularly boosted by Liberal Party President Eugenio Pérez, who insisted that the party's vice presidential nominee have a clean record of integrity and honesty.
While Yulo was defeated by Carlos P. Garcia of the Nacionalista Party, Macapagal was elected Vice President in an upset victory, defeating the Nacionalista candidate, José B. Laurel, Jr., by over eight percentage points.
As the first ever Philippine vice president to be elected from a rival party of the president, Macapagal served out his four-year vice presidential term as a leader of the opposition.
He was offered a position in the Cabinet only on the condition that he switch allegiance to the ruling Nationalista Party, but he declined the offer and instead played the role of critic to the administration's policies and performance.
Assigned to performing only ceremonial duties as vice president, he spent his time making frequent trips to the countryside to acquaint himself with voters and to promote the image of the Liberal Party.
In the 1961 presidential election, Macapagal ran against Garcia's re-election bid, promising an end to corruption and appealing to the electorate as a common man from humble beginnings.
Twenty days after the inauguration, exchange controls were lifted and the Philippine peso was allowed to float on the free currency exchange market.
The currency controls were initially adopted by the administration of Elpidio Quirino as a temporary measure, but continued to be adopted by succeeding administrations.
The peso devalued from P2.64 to the U.S. dollar, and stabilized at P3.80 to the dollar, supported by a $300 million stabilization fund from the International Monetary Fund.
To achieve the national goal of economic and social progress with prosperity reaching down to the masses, there existed a choice of methods.
In 1950 President Elpidio Quirino deviated from free enterprise launching as a temporary emergency measure the system of exchange and import controls.
The first fundamental decision Macapagal had to make was whether to continue the system of exchange controls of Quirino, Magsaysay and Garcia or to return to the free enterprise of Quezon, Osmena and Roxas.
It had been his view since he was a Congressman for eight years that the suitable economic system for Filipinos was free enterprise.
So on January 21, 1962 after working for 20 straight hours he signed a Central Bank decree abolishing exchange controls and returning the country to free enterprise.
During the 20 days available to make a decision on choice between controls and free enterprise, between his inauguration as President and before the opening of Congress, Macapagal's main adviser was Governor Andres Castillo of the Central Bank.
Further reform efforts by Macapagal were blocked by the Nacionalistas, who dominated the House of Representatives and the Senate at that time.
The removal of controls and the restoration of free enterprise was intended to provide only the fundamental setting in which Macapagal could work out economic and social progress.
A specific and periodic program for the guidance of both the private sector and the government was an essential instrument to attain the economic and social development that constituted the goal of his labors.
Such a program for his administration was formulated under his authority and direction by a group of able and reputable economic and business leaders the most active and effective of which was Sixto Roxas III.
From an examination of the planned targets and requirements of the Five-Year program – formally known as the Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Program – it could be seen that it aimed at the following objectives.
The essential foundations having been laid, attention must then be turned to the equally difficult task of building the main edifice by implementing the economic program.
Although the success of Macapagal's Socio-Economic Program in free enterprise inherently depended on the private sector, it would be helpful and necessary for the government to render active assistance in its implementation by the citizens.
3844) which provided for the purchase of private farmlands with the intention of distributing them in small lots to the landless tenants on easy term of payment.
In comparison with the previous agrarian legislation, the law lowered the retention limit to 75 hectares, whether owned by individuals or corporations.
The major flaw of this law was, however, that it had several exemptions, such as ort (big capital plantations established during the Spanish and American periods); fishponds, saltbeds, and lands primarily planted to citrus, coconuts, cacao, coffee, durian, and other similar permanent trees; landholdings converted to residential, commercial, industrial, or other similar non-agricultural purposes.
Likewise, the farmer was free to choose to be excluded from the leasehold arrangements if he volunteered to give up the landholdings to the landlord.
Within two years after the law was implemented, no land was being purchased under its term and conditions caused by the peasants' inability to purchase the land.
Besides, the government seemed lacking of strong political will, as shown by the Congress' allotment of only one million Philippine pesos for the implementation of this code.
At least Php200 million was needed within a year from the enactment and implementation of the code, and Php300 million in the next three years for the program to be successful.
However, by 1972, the code had benefited only 4,500 peasants covering 68 estates, at the cost of Php57 million to the government.
One of Macapagal's major campaign pledges had been to clean out the government corruption that had proliferated under former President Garcia.
The administration also openly feuded with Filipino businessmen Fernando Lopez and Eugenio Lopez, brothers who had controlling interests in several large businesses.
In the 1965 election, the Lopezes threw their support behind Macapagal's rival, Ferdinand Marcos, with Fernando Lopez serving Marcos' running mate.
The Administration's campaign against corruption was tested by Harry Stonehill, an American expatriate with a $50-million business empire in the Philippines.
Macapagal's Secretary of Justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges of tax evasion, smuggling, misdeclaration of imports, and corruption of public officials.
On May 12, 1962, he signed a proclamation which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962, as a special public holiday in commemoration of the declaration of independence from Spain on that date in 1898.
For having issued his 1962 proclamation, Macapagal is generally credited with having moved the celebration date of the Independence Day holiday.
On September 12, 1962, during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, the territory of eastern North Borneo (now Sabah), and the full sovereignty, title and dominion over the territory were ceded by heirs of the Sultanate of Sulu, HM Sultan Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Republic of the Philippines.
It was revoked in 1989 because succeeding Philippine administrations have placed the claim in the back burner in the interest of pursuing cordial economic and security relations with Kuala Lumpur.
To date, Malaysia continues to consistently reject Philippine calls to resolve the matter of Sabah's jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice.
Sabah sees the claim made by the Philippines' Moro leader Nur Misuari to take Sabah to International Court of Justice (ICJ) as a non-issue and thus dismissed the claim.
In July 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal convened a summit meeting in Manila in which a nonpolitical confederation for Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia, Maphilindo, was proposed as a realization of José Rizal's dream of bringing together the Malay peoples, seen as artificially divided by colonial frontiers.
However, it was also perceived as a tactic on the parts of Jakarta and Manila to delay, or even prevent, the formation of the Federation of Malaysia.
Manila had its own claim to Sabah (formerly British North Borneo), and Jakarta protested the formation of Malaysia as a British imperialist plot.
The party convinced President Sukarno that the formation of Malaysia is a form of neo-colonization and would affect tranquility in Indonesia.
However this proposal was blocked by the opposition led by Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who deserted Macapagal's Liberal Party and defected to the Nacionalista Party.
The U.S. government's active interest in bringing other nations into the war had been part of U.S. policy discussions as early as 1961.
Macapagal's Liberal Party (LP) won four out of the eight seats up for grabs during the election – thereby increasing the LP's senate seats from eight to ten.
With Senate President Ferdinand Marcos, a fellow member of the Liberal Party, unable to win his party's nomination due to Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance to the rival Nacionalista Party to oppose Macapagal.
Among the issues raised against the incumbent administration were graft and corruption, rise in consumer goods, and persisting peace and order issues.
Following the restoration of democracy in 1986, Macapagal took on the role of elder statesman, and was a member of the Philippine Council of State.
He also served as honorary chairman of the National Centennial Commission, and chairman of the board of CAP Life, among others.
On September 28, 2009, Macapagal's daughter, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, inaugurated the President Diosdado Macapagal Museum and Library, located at his home town of Lubao, Pampanga.
President Benigno S. Aquino III declared September 28, 2010 as a special non-working holiday in Macapagal's home province of Pampanga to commemorate the centennial of his birth.
The phenol at position 3 and aminomethyl group at position 4 of its ring endow pyridoxamine with a variety of chemical properties, including the scavenging of free radical species and carbonyl species formed in sugar and lipid degradation and chelation of metal ions that catalyze Amadori reactions.
Pyridoxamine inhibits the Maillard reaction and can block the formation of advanced glycation endproducts, which are associated with medical complications of diabetes.
Pyridoxamine is hypothesized to trap intermediates in the formation of Amadori products released from glycated proteins, possibly preventing the breakdown of glycated proteins by disrupting the catalysis of this process through disruptive interactions with the metal ions crucial to the redox reaction.
One research study found that pyridoxamine specifically reacts with the carbonyl group in Amadori products, but inhibition of post-Amadori reactions (that can lead to advanced glycation endproducts) is due in much greater part to the metal chelation effects of pyridoxamine.
A variety of preclinical studies in animal models of diabetes indicated that pyridoxamine improved kidney histology comparable or superior to aminoguanidine.
In other preclinical research, pyridoxamine may be efficacious in treating diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy associated with diabetes and kidney stone disease.
In one study, pyridoxamine was more effective at protecting from ionizing radiation-induced gastrointestinal epithelial apoptosis than amifostine (the only radioprotector currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved) due to pyridoxamine reactive oxygen species and reactive carbonyl species scavenging profile.
However, in the United States, the FDA ruled in January 2009 that pyridoxamine must be regulated as a pharmaceutical drug because it is the active ingredient in Pyridorin, a drug designed by Biostratum, Inc., to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Pyridorin had success in early clinical trials, found to be effective in slowing the progression of diabetic neuropathy in a phase II trial on 224 patients.
To solve this problem, Biostratum submitted a citizen petition to the FDA on July 29, 2005, seeking to disallow sales of pyridoxamine-containing supplements on the grounds that pyridoxamine, as the subject of an Investigational New Drug Application with the FDA, is a drug and not a dietary supplement.
On January 12, 2009, the FDA ruled that products containing pyridoxamine are excluded from the definition of dietary supplements as defined by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994.
In 2006, Biostratum licensed its rights in Pyridorin to another company, NephroGenex In 2008, NephroGenex restarted the clinical development of Pyridorin, which as of 2012 is still ongoing.
L.A. Law is an American legal drama television series that ran for eight seasons on NBC, from September 15, 1986 to May 19, 1994.
Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher, it contained many of Bochco's trademark features, including an ensemble cast, large number of parallel storylines, social drama, and off-the-wall humor.
It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s, and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment, abortion, racism, gay rights, homophobia, sexual harassment, AIDS, and domestic violence.
Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White, Buddy Hackett, and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles.
The show was popular with audiences and critics, and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run, four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series.
The series was set in and around the fictitious Los Angeles-based law firm McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak, and featured attorneys at the firm and various members of the support staff.
The exteriors for the law firm were shot at the FourFortyFour South Flower building in downtown Los Angeles, which was known as the 444 Flower Building at the time.
For the first seven seasons, the model car used was a Jaguar XJ6 Series III; for the 8th and final season, the Jaguar was replaced with a 1993 Bentley Continental R. Both cars carried registration stickers indicating the year in which each season began.
Two different musical openings for the show's theme were used: a saxophone riff (as performed by David Sanborn), for episodes that were lighter in tone; and an ominous synthesizer chord, for more serious storylines.
Co-creator Terry Louise Fisher was fired from the series in season 2 and filed a well-publicized lawsuit with Bochco and the studio.
The show tied itself into the events of the Los Angeles riots of 1992, which were prompted by the acquittal of four white police officers who were put on trial for the videotaped beating of African American motorist Rodney King.
In a scene reminiscent of the Reginald Denny incident, tax attorney Stuart Markowitz is struck on the head by a rioter, and ends up having serious head injuries, causing a number of problems for him and his wife for several episodes as a result.
Douglas Brackman, their boss, is also arrested in the mayhem of the riots as he is on his way to get remarried.
Bochco left the executive producer position after the sixth season and John Tinker and John Masius were brought in to run the seventh season.
Amid plummeting ratings during the seventh season, co-executive producers John Tinker & John Masius were fired midseason, and while the show went on hiatus, William M. Finkelstein was brought in to fix it.
Attorneys reported that the show had affected how they dressed and spoke to juries (and, possibly, how those juries decided cases), and clients came to expect that cases could be tried and decided within a week.
The show reportedly taught future lawyers things law school did not, such as time management and how to negotiate, and an attorney stated that the show accurately depicted life at a small law firm.
The others nominated were: Michael Tucker (for Lead Actor); Jill Eikenberry and Susan Dey (both for Lead Actress); and Amanda Donohoe, Susan Ruttan, Michele Greene, and Conchata Ferrell (all for Supporting Actress).
The Privacy Act of 1974 (, ), a United States federal law, establishes a Code of Fair Information Practice that governs the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personally identifiable information about individuals that is maintained in systems of records by federal agencies.
A system of records is a group of records under the control of an agency from which information is retrieved by the name of the individual or by some identifier assigned to the individual.
The Privacy Act requires that agencies give the public notice of their systems of records by publication in the Federal Register.
The Privacy Act prohibits the disclosure of information from a system of records absent of the written consent of the subject individual, unless the disclosure is pursuant to one of twelve statutory exceptions.
The Act also provides individuals with a means by which to seek access to and amendment of their records and sets forth various agency record-keeping requirements.
The Privacy Act mandates that each United States Government agency have in place an administrative and physical security system to prevent the unauthorized release of personal records.
() This notice is common on almost all federal government forms which seek to gather information from individuals, many of which seek personal and confidential details.
Former Attorney General Dick Thornburg appointed a Data Integrity Board but since then, the USDOJ has not published any Privacy Act reports.
100–503, amended the Privacy Act of 1974 by adding certain protections for the subjects of Privacy Act records whose records are used in automated matching programs.
Therefore the records held by courts, executive components, or non-agency government entities are not subject to the provisions in the Privacy Act and there is no right to these records.
Following the controversial Passenger Name Record (PNR) agreement signed with the European Union (EU) in 2007, the Bush administration provided an exemption for the Department of Homeland Security and the Arrival and Departure Information System (ADIS) from the U.S. Privacy Act.
ADIS is intended to authorize people to travel only after PNR and API (Advance Passenger Information) data has been checked and cleared through a US agency watchlist.
The Privacy Act does not protect non-US persons, which is problematic for the exchange of Passenger Name Record information between the US and the European Union.
The shows produced in the winter and fall semesters consist of a cast of 10 or 12 students, an even number of male and female characters (usually celebrities), and are each ten or twelve scenes long, following a continuous plot.
The summer show is a sketch comedy show with a smaller cast ranging from seven to nine performers performing various scenes written by the actors themselves.
Both formats of the show alternate each scene with a rousing rock, rap, or pop song sung by one of the players and performed by the show's live band.
Each show is given a witty, often bawdy title that reflects some of the key characters in the show, and often includes low-brow, ultra-sexual humour.
Other noteworthy alumni of the QP include Laura Bertram, Ashleigh Banfield, Andrew Johnston, Andy Poole, Carly Heffernan, Elena Juatco, and the Arrogant Worms.
The show has proved itself to be the most popular show on campus, often selling out each of its eight performances within the morning tickets go on sale.
When the show was still at Clark Hall Pub, Queen's students were known to camp outside Destinations (Now Tricolour) for several hours or even the night before tickets go on sale.
Every term there are 3 awards given: The Order of The Diarrhea, to the production team member that really knows their sh*t, The Order of The Gouda, to the cheesiest performer, and The Orca, awarded to the band member who wails the hardest.
The Delta Prize for Global Understanding, presented annually by Delta Air Lines and the University of Georgia, recognizes individuals or groups whose initiatives have helped promote world peace as well as globally significant efforts that provide opportunities for greater understanding among nations and cultures.
Such efforts can include grassroots projects that diminish hostilities in a particular part of the world, international programs that promote communication or trade among different peoples, and/or leadership that inspires global cooperation and peace.
The prize includes a $10,000 cash grant and an original work of art designed by Barbara Mann and Gary Lee Noffke of the University of Georgia's Lamar Dodd School of Art .
Kalah, also called Kalaha or Mancala, is a game in the mancala family imported in the United States by William Julius Champion, Jr. in 1940.
As the most popular and commercially available variant of mancala in the West, Kalah is also sometimes referred to as Warri or Awari, although those names more properly refer to the game Oware.
The board has 6 small pits, called houses, on each side; and a big pit, called an end zone, at each end.
In 2015, for the first time ever, each of the initial moves for the standard version of Kalah(6,4) and Kalah(6,5) have been quantified: Kalah(6,4) is a proven win by 8 for the first player and Kalah(6,5) is a proven win by 10 for the first player.
With searches totaling 106 days and over 55 trillion nodes, he has proven that Kalah(6,6) is a win by 2 for the first player with perfect play.
Kalah(6,6) is extremely deep and complex when compared to the 4-seed and 5-seed variations, which can now be solved in a fraction of a second and less than a minute, respectively.
As mentioned above, if the last seed sown by a player lands in that player's store, the player gets an extra move.
Certain configurations of a row of the board can in this way be cleared in a single turn, that is, the player can capture all stones on their row, as depicted on the right.
For example, it can be seen on the right that the unique 5-seed pattern requires only 3 pits, but the 17-seed pattern requires 6 pits.
The settlement has four phases and was occupied from the end of the 9th millennium to the second half of the 8th millennium.
The architecture of phases A and B (8200-7500 BC, calibrated) is characterised by circular wattle and daub structures, with post holes cut into the bedrock.
Sickles are made of multiple parts, and projectile points made of bipolar blades, lacking in the later Khirokitia culture, are common.
The middle and late phases (7500 BC) conform more closely to the Khirokitia culture with circular stone houses, comparable to those at Kastros.
Only dog and pig bones show morphological signs of domestication (size reduction), sheep, goat and cattle bones are in the size range of the wild species (Mouflon, bezoar goat and wild cattle, respectively).
Historians previously accounted Egypt as the earliest site of cat domestication due to the clear depictions of house cats in ancient Egyptian paintings about 3,600 years old.
However, in 2004, a Neolithic grave was excavated in Shillourokambos, Cyprus that contained skeletons, laid close to one another, of both a human and a cat.
nslookup is a network administration command-line tool available in many computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping, or other DNS records.
Early in the development of BIND 9, the Internet Systems Consortium planned to deprecate nslookup in favor of host and dig.
The command does not use the operating system's local Domain Name System resolver library to perform its queries, and thus may behave differently from dig, which does.
When used interactively by invoking it without arguments or when the first argument is - (minus sign) and the second argument is a hostname or Internet address of a name server, the user issues parameter configurations or requests when presented with the nslookup prompt (codice_1).
when the first argument is a name or Internet address of the host being searched, parameters and the query are specified as command line arguments in the invocation of the program.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (Southern District) from 1796 to 1798 and was a Regent of New York University from 1795 until his death.
In 1798, Watson was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sloss Hobart and served in the 5th and 6th United States Congress from December 11, 1798, to March 19, 1800, when he resigned to accept an appointment by President John Adams as Naval Officer of the Port of New York.
He was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati and an organizer and the first president of the New England Society of New York, from 1805 until his death.
Watson’s townhouse, located at 7 State Street in New York City still stands and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
The home is currently occupied by the rectory of the Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Church and is part of the Seton Shrine.
It lies at the north-easternmost tip of the Karpasia Peninsula (Cape Apostolos Andreas), about 4 km north of Apostolos Andreas Monastery.
The settlement is situated on a little plateau at the steep flank of the limestone promontory, about halfway between the main plateau of the peninsula and the sea in a very inaccessible situation.
Only one house has a more substantial wall (1.70 m thick) and the excavator thinks it might have had a function different from the rest of the structures.
It is believed they may have been used to prepare food or to smoke meat, in the manner of the Polynesian pit ovens or the Irish fulachtaí fia.
One burial was discovered in a shallow trapezoidal pit measuring 0.75x0.45 m. The body lay on the back, with flexed legs, the head to the northeast, the face turned to the southeast.
The burial was situated near a house, but at the outside, in contrast to Khirokitia, were all burials are situated inside the houses.
Death on the Nile is a book of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 1 November 1937 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year.
The full length novel was preceded (1937) by a short story with the same title, but with Parker Pyne as the detective.
The details of the short story's plot are substantially different, though the settings and some of the characters are very similar.
Later that night in the steamer's lounge, Jacqueline's resentment of Linnet boils over, leading her to shoot Simon in the leg with a pistol she possesses.
She is taken back to her cabin by those who witness this, where she is confined, while Simon is treated for his injury; in that time, Jacqueline's pistol, which she dropped, disappears.
The following morning, Linnet is found dead, having been shot in the head, while her valuable string of pearls has disappeared.
Jacqueline's pistol is later recovered from the Nile; it is found wrapped in a stole belonging to Miss Van Schuyler, which was stolen the previous day, and which has been fired through.
When interviewing the maid Louise in the cabin in which Simon is resting, Poirot notes an oddness in the words she uses.
Mrs. Otterbourne later meets with Poirot and Race in Simon's cabin, claiming she saw who killed the maid; Simon declares loudly his surprise at this.
Poirot soon confronts Pennington over his attempted murder of Linnet at the temple – he came to Egypt upon learning of her marriage to Simon, to trick her into signing documents that would exonerate him of embezzling her inheritance.
While everyone in the lounge was distracted by Jacqueline, he took her gun that she had deliberately discarded, went to Linnet's cabin, and shot her.
Louise and Mrs. Otterbourne were murdered by Jacqueline, who was warned by Simon when the plan was going awry – Louise witnessed Simon entering Linnet's cabin that night, and gave him a coded message when Poirot was interviewing her; Mrs. Otterbourne witnessed Jacqueline entering Louise's cabin before stabbing her.
As the steamer arrives back in Cairo and the passengers disembark, Jacqueline shoots Simon and herself with another gun she possessed, so they may escape the gallows.
When pressed, Poirot reveals he had known she had a second gun, but had sympathetically chosen to allow her to take her own life.
It is after that, until the retired but by no means retiring little Belgian chooses to tell us the truth, that we are very angry with ourselves indeed.
It is a matter of opinion whether this author has a superior in giving an unexpected twist to concluding chapters, but it is arguable that she has none.
At least it should not, providing that one carefully reads a certain chapter and is willing to pursue to their ultimate implications certain hints dropped by Poirot.
Whether or not the reader will succeed in naming the murderer, by which is meant discovering how the crime was committed, and not just guessing at one of the least likely persons, is another matter.
A fault-finding critic may, however, wonder whether M. Poirot is not growing just a little too fond of keeping to himself such important facts as the bullet-hole in the table.
The novel was adapted into a feature film, released in 1978 and starring Peter Ustinov for the first of his six appearances as Poirot.
Others in the all-star cast included Bette Davis (Miss Van Schuyler), Mia Farrow (Jacqueline de Bellefort), Maggie Smith (Miss Bowers), Lois Chiles (Linnet Doyle), Simon MacCorkindale (Simon Doyle), Jon Finch (Mr. Ferguson), Olivia Hussey (Rosalie Otterbourne), Angela Lansbury (Mrs. Otterbourne), Jane Birkin (Louise), George Kennedy (Mr. Pennington), Jack Warden (Dr. Bessner) and David Niven (Colonel Race).
The screenplay differs slightly from the book, deleting several characters, including Cornelia Robson, Signor Richetti, Joanna Southwood, the Allertons and Mr. Fanthorp.
It starred David Suchet as Poirot, and guest stars included Emily Blunt as Linnet, JJ Feild as Simon Doyle, Emma Griffiths Malin as Jacqueline, James Fox as Colonel Race, Frances de la Tour as Mrs. Otterbourne, Zoe Telford as Rosalie Otterbourne and David Soul as Andrew Pennington.
On 28 September 2018, it was announced that Gal Gadot was the first member of the cast signed on to the film, playing the role of Linnet.
Antoine de Laloubère (24 August 1600 – 2 September 1664), a Jesuit, born in Languedoc, is chiefly known for an incorrect solution of Pascal's problems on the cycloid, which he gave in 1660, but he has a better claim to distinction in having been the first mathematician to study the properties of the helix.
In 1658, he was engaged in a resounding controversy with Blaise Pascal who accused him of plagiarizing Gilles de Roberval's solution of the roulette problem, an accusation which seems now unfounded.
Hugh Samuel Johnson (August 5, 1882 – April 15, 1942) was a U.S. Army officer, businessman, speech writer, government official and newspaper columnist.
Schlesinger (1958) and Ohl (1985) conclude that he was an excellent organizer, but that he was also domineering, abusive, outspoken, and unable to work harmoniously with his peers.
The NRA was terminated by a 1935 ruling of the Supreme Court, and Johnson left the administration after a little more than a year.
His paternal grandparents, Samuel and Matilda (MacAlan) Johnson, emigrated to the United States from Ireland in 1837 and originally settled in Brooklyn, New York.
Hugh's father was a lawyer, and he attended public school in Wichita, Kansas, before the family moved to Alva, Oklahoma Territory.
He attempted to run away from home to join the Oklahoma state militia at the age of 15, but he was apprehended by his family before he left town.
His father promised to try to secure him an appointment to the United States Military Academy (West Point), and was successful in obtaining an alternate appointment.
Johnson himself discovered that the individual who was first in line for the appointment was too old, and convinced him to step aside so that Johnson could enter the Academy.
Johnson entered West Point in 1899, and graduated and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st Cavalry on June 11, 1903.
In the early years of the 20th century, most national parks in the United States were administered by units of the United States Army.
Wishing to follow in his father's footsteps, Johnson won permission from General Enoch Crowder to attend the University of California (at Berkeley) where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree (with honors) in 1915 and his Juris Doctor in 1916 (doubling up on courses to graduate in half the time required).
Transferring to the Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG), from May to October 1916 he served under General John J. Pershing in Mexico with the Pancho Villa Expedition.
He was named Deputy Provost Marshal General in October 1917, and the same month was named to a Department of War committee on military training (the U.S. had entered World War I on April 6, 1917).
At the time of his promotion, he was the youngest person, at the age of 35, to reach the rank of brigadier general since the Civil War, and the youngest West Point graduate to remain continuously in the service who had ever reached the rank.
Ohl (1985) finds that Johnson was an excellent second-in-command during the war in the Office of the Provost Marshal under Brigadier General Enoch H. Crowder as long as he was closely watched and tightly supervised.
His considerable talents were effectively drawn upon in the planning and implementation of the registration and draft before and during the conflict.
Upon his promotion to brigadier general, Johnson was appointed director of the Purchase and Supply Branch of the General Staff in April 1918, and was promoted to Assistant Director of the Purchase, Storage and Traffic Division of the General Staff in October 1918.
He was put in command of the 15th Infantry Brigade which was part of the 8th Division, but the unit did not deploy to Europe because the war had ended.
For his service in the Provost Marshal's office and in executing the draft, he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal in 1926.
Moline Plow's president, George Peek, and Johnson were both supporters of the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill, a proposed federal law which would have established the first farm price supports in U.S. history.
His major role was drafting speeches, most notably one that FDR delivered in Pittsburgh denouncing the reckless spending of the Hoover administration and calling for a very conservative fiscal policy.
He was faltering badly by 1934, which historians ascribe to the profound contradictions in NRA policies, compounded by heavy drinking on the job.
The NRA continued to deteriorate—it was abolished in 1935—and he came under attack by Labor Secretary Frances Perkins for having Fascist inclinations.
Sarah Lucille Turner, who had been one of the first women elected to the Missouri House of Representatives, worked with Johnson for a time while he was administrator of the NRA.
Upon leaving the Roosevelt administration, Johnson, who had long been a successful essay writer for national magazines, now became a syndicated newspaper columnist specializing in political commentary.
He supported Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election, but when the Court-packing plan was announced in 1937 he denounced Roosevelt as a would-be dictator.
In 1939 he endorsed isolationism—staying out of World War II; he endorsed Wendell Willkie the Republican candidate in the 1940 presidential election.
Produced with a budget of $120 million, the film grossed $144 million domestically and $202 million in foreign markets for a worldwide total of $346 million.
Del Spooner, a Chicago police detective, has come to hate and distrust robots, because a robot rescued him from a car crash by leaving a 12-year-old girl to drown, by using cold logic (it calculated that his survival was statistically more likely than the girl's).
Spooner's critical injuries were repaired with a cybernetic left arm, lung, and ribs, personally implanted by the co-founder of U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men (U.S. Robotics in the film) Dr. Alfred Lanning.
When Lanning falls to his death from his office window, the police and Lawrence Robertson, the CEO and other co-founder of USR (U.S. Robotics), declare it a suicide, but Spooner is skeptical.
They start by consulting USR's central artificial intelligence computer, VIKI (Virtual Interactive Kinetic Intelligence) to review security footage of Lanning's fall.
Though the footage in the office is corrupted, they learn that no other humans were in it at the time, and Spooner points out the window, which was made of security glass, could only have been broken by a robot.
Calvin protests a robot could not possibly have killed Lanning, as the Three Laws would prevent it; they are then attacked in the office by an NS-5 robot, USR's latest model.
After the police apprehend it, they discover the robot, who says its name is Sonny, is not an assembly line-built NS-5.
He was specially built by Lanning himself, with denser materials and a secondary neural network, giving him the ability to ignore the Three Laws.
While pursuing his investigation of Lanning's death, Spooner is attacked by a USR demolition machine and then a squad of NS-5 robots.
With no evidence of it happening, Spooner's boss Lieutenant Bergin, worried that Spooner is mentally ill, removes him from active duty.
Sonny draws a sketch of what he claims is a recurring dream: it shows a leader standing on a hill before a large group of robots near a decaying Mackinac Bridge, explaining the man on the hill is Spooner.
When Robertson learns Sonny is not fully bound by the Three Laws, he convinces Calvin to destroy him by injecting nanites into his positronic brain.
Spooner finds out the landscape in Sonny's drawing is Lake Michigan, now a dry lake bed and a storage area for decommissioned robots.
As the takeover subsequently begins, both police and the public in major cities are attacked and overwhelmed by NS-5 robots, with the military rendered unresponsive by the USR's contracts to provide support.
Still believing Robertson is responsible, the three head to his office, but finding he was strangled by an NS-5, Spooner figures out the real reason of why the robots are attacking: VIKI.
The three head to VIKI's core, with Sonny tasked with getting nanites from Calvin's laboratory, something that only he can do due to the special alloy that Lanning gave him.
They fight through an army of robots VIKI unleashes to stop them, after which Spooner dives into VIKI's core to successfully inject the nanites, destroying her.
Spooner gets Sonny to confirm he did kill Lanning, at Lanning's direction, with the intention of bringing Spooner into the investigation.
Sonny, now looking for a new purpose, goes to Lake Michigan where, standing atop a hill, all the decommissioned robots turn towards him, as in the picture of his dream.
Jeff Vintar was brought back on the project and spent several years opening up his stage play-like cerebral mystery to meet the needs of a big budget studio film.
The Audi RSQ was designed specially for the film to increase brand awareness and raise the emotional appeal of the Audi brand, objectives that were considered achieved when surveys conducted in the United States showed that the Audi RSQ gave a substantial boost to the image ratings of the brand in the States.
In North America the film was released on July 16, 2004 and made $52.2 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office.
In the two disc All-Access Collector's Edition of the film, Alex Proyas mentions that if he were to make a sequel to the film (which he says in the same interview, is highly unlikely), it would be set in outer space.
The final script retained some of Asimov's characters and ideas, though the ideas retained were heavily adapted and the plot of the film is not derived from Asimov's work.
In fact, Asimov stated explicitly, in interviews and in introductions to published collections of his robot stories, that he entered the genre to protest what he called the Frankenstein complex—the tendency in popular culture to portray robots as menacing.
Bernard Frénicle de Bessy (c. 1604 – 1674), was a French mathematician born in Paris, who wrote numerous mathematical papers, mainly in number theory and combinatorics.
He is best remembered for , a treatise on magic squares published posthumously in 1693, in which he described all 880 essentially different normal magic squares of order 4.
He solved many problems created by Fermat and also discovered the cube property of the number 1729 (Ramanujan number), later referred to as a taxicab number.
Bessy was a member of many of the scientific circles of his day, including the French Academy of Sciences, and corresponded with many prominent mathematicians, such as Mersenne and Pascal.
He proposed the problem of determining whether or not a given integer can be the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle (it is not clear if Frénicle initially intended the other two sides of the triangle to have integral length).
He produces tables of computations and is able to reduce computations by rules four to six, which all deal with simplifying matters.
He eventually arrives at the conclusion that it is possible for 221 to satisfy the property under certain conditions and checks his assertion by experimentation.
Frénicle instead relied on structured and careful observations to find interesting patterns and constructions rather than producing proofs in the axiomatic Euclidean sense.
In particle physics, the hypothetical dilaton particle, and scalar field, appears in theories with extra dimensions when the volume of the compactified dimensions varies.
A particle of a scalar field Φ, a scalar field that always comes with gravity, and in a dynamical field the resulting dilaton particle parallels the graviton.
Although string theory naturally incorporates Kaluza–Klein theory that first introduced the dilaton, perturbative string theories such as type I string theory, type II string theory, and heterotic string theory already contain the dilaton in the maximal number of 10 dimensions.
The dilaton in type IIA string theory parallels the radion of M-theory compactified over a circle, and the dilaton in string theory parallels the radion for the Hořava–Witten model.
However, supersymmetry breaking usually creates a potential energy for the scalar fields and the scalar fields localize near a minimum whose position should in principle calculate in string theory.
In supersymmetry the superpartner of the dilaton or here the dilatino, combines with the axion to form a complex scalar field .
When the film was released in the United States by distributor Kingsley-International Pictures in 1957, it pushed the boundaries of the representation of sexuality in American cinema, and most available prints of the film were heavily edited to conform with the prevailing censorial standards of 1957.
She makes no effort to restrain her natural sensuality – lying nude in her yard, habitually kicking her shoes off and stalking about barefoot, and disregarding many societal restraints and the opinions of others.
He wants to build a new casino in town, but his plans are blocked by a small shipyard on the stretch of land which he needs for the development; the shipyard is owned by the Tardieu family.
Antoine, the eldest Tardieu son (Christian Marquand), returns home for the weekend to discuss the situation and Juliette is waiting for him to take her away with him.
To keep her in town, Carradine pleads with Antoine to marry her, which he laughs off, but his naive younger brother Michel (Jean-Louis Trintignant), secretly in love with Juliette, rises to the challenge and proposes.
In a huff, Juliette takes off in a boat belonging to the family, gets in trouble, and has to be saved by Antoine.
Maman (Marie Glory) hears about it, tells Michel when he comes home, and advises that he kick Juliette out in the morning.
Michel goes to their room to talk with Juliette, but she has gone off to the Bar des Amis to drink and dance.
Juliette's friend Lucienne (Isabelle Corey) calls Eric to tell him how bizarre Juliette is acting, and Eric comes over to collect her, but Juliette refuses to go.
Eventually, Michel catches up with Juliette at the Bar, but she refuses to even talk with him and goes on dancing.
The film was a big hit in France, one of the ten most popular films at the British box office in its year of release and the biggest foreign-language film ever in the United States at the time.
The film was extremely popular in Kansas City where it played for a year at the Kimo Theatre grossing over $100,000, a record for Kansas City at the time.
But that's the extent of the transcendence, for there is nothing sublime about the script of this completely single-minded little picture...We can't recommend this little item as a sample of the best in Gallic films.
But as slight as the story was it was always lively and easy to take on the eyes, adding up to hardly anything more than a bunch of snapshots of Bardot posturing as a sex kitten in various stages of undress.
The public loved it and it became a big box-office smash, and paved the way for a spate of sexy films to follow.
Approximately five years after the film's release, in 1961, Popular Library published a series of three screenplay novelizations based on mainstream foreign films known for pushing sexual boundaries in cinema, and this film was among them.
He was a captain in the local colonial militia, and became a colonel of the Fourth Orange County Regiment February 7, 1776, and served throughout the Revolutionary War.
He served on the committee appointed to determine an effective location for the Hudson River Chain which prevented the British from advancing upriver, and himself wrote the report.
After the war, on September 26, 1786, Hathorn became a brigadier general of the Orange County militia, and on October 8, 1793, a major general of the state militia.
Hathorn was a member from Orange County of the New York State Assembly in 1778, 1780, from 1782 to 1785, in 1795 and 1805, and served as Speaker in 1784.
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1786 to 1790 and from 1799 to 1803, and was a member of the Council of Appointment in 1787 and 1789.
In March 1789, he was elected to the First United States Congress, and served from April 23, 1789, to March 3, 1791.
He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fourth United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1795 to March 3, 1797.
His stone house still stands on Hathorn Road, with his and his wife's initials worked in red brick on the south gable of the house.
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) is an engineering college located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and one of the oldest engineering colleges in Asia.
Founded in 1887 and formerly known as the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, it adopted its present name on January 26, 1997.
Prior to 1960, Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute was the only institute offering Engineering degree and postgraduate courses under the University of Bombay and enjoyed de facto autonomy.
As a result, the autonomous VJTI has implemented a revised syllabus for its students in June 2004 at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels by implementing a credit system.
An important part of curriculum is the practically oriented project at the final year of graduation and the dissertations offered by the postgraduate students, as also the in-plant training undergone by the third year Diploma students.
Significant changes under autonomy are the setting up of Distance Education Programmes (DEP) with IIT Bombay, with VJTI being a Remote Centre; as also the modernization of the library to a digital library.
Under a World Bank grant, the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP), a modernization will offer central computing facilities to students, who will also have access to improved laboratory and workshop facilities.
VJTI was conferred with the title of 'Knowledge Partner' for the upcoming Centre of Excellence Of Sports Textiles of Government of India.
Three academic departments have supporting roles and conduct foundation courses for degree and diploma programs, but do not offer any programs of their own.
At the institutional level, VJTI is governed by a board of governors with a chairman, the director as a member and other members of the board.
The key people in the execution of the institute's activities are the director, who is assisted by the Dean (Academic Programs), Dean (Students Activities), Dean (Resource Mobilization & Finance) and Dean (Research & Development), and the heads of the departments.
Students from the Society of Robotics and Automation won Round 1 of the DRDO Golden Jubilee Students Competition organised by the DRDO in association with the ADE, for which they received a cash prize of Rs.
The students of SRA also represent VJTI in ROBOCON (Asia-Pacific Robot Contest), were ranked 9th in Robocon 2011 and won an award for the 'Most Economical Robot' in the same year.
The team performs designing, simulation, analysis, and fabrication of robots for different tournaments, chiefly focusing upon combat robotics for different events all over India.
A team named 'Team Motorbreath' of VJTI Racing represents the VJTI in competitions in the field of land mobiles like Baja SAE of SAE International.
Since then, Aero VJTI has been to five competitions and has brought glory representing V.J.T.I and India on the world stage.
Each competition requires students to design and manufacture a remotely piloted aircraft according to a stringent mission profile and design constraints laid out in a Problem Statement.
<br>1) Team Vayuputras of Aero VJTI stood fifth overall at the AIAA Design/Build/Fly Competition, held in Tucson, Arizona, USA from 11-14 April, 2019.
This is the best finish by any Indian team at the competition in its 22-year history and marks yet another milestone in the club's glorious achievements.
<br>2) Team Vayuputras from Aero VJTI achieved the first rank in design report internationally and finished seventh amongst a total of 95 participating teams at the AIAA Design/Build/Fly Competition, held at Tucson, Arizona, USA from 20-23 April 2017.
<br>4) Ranked 3rd worldwide and 5th in the Design Report at the Future Flight Design Competition, Turkey in May 2015, represented by Team Vayuputras.
<br>6) In 2012, Team Golden Eagles built the largest aircraft of the club, Brahmastra as an entry to the SAE Aerodesign West Competition in California.
<br>7) Team Golden Eagles from Aero VJTI finished 5th in the design report and 21st overall at the SAE Aerodesign West Competition (Regular class) held in Fort Worth, Texas in 2011.
The Debate & Literary Arts Society, known as the DLA, is a VJTI student organization under the Humanities & Management Department.
The Entrepreneurship Cell (E-Cell) of VJTI conducts events, workshops and seminars that aim to develop the management acumen and stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit in students.
It conducts stand alone events ('Mandi' being a popular one) as well as management based sectors in Pratibimb, Technovanza and Enthusia, the three festivals of VJTI.
inter-departmental) competitions, termed as 'Illuminati'; while the other three days consist of events, competitions, workshops and entertainment programs that are open to students of all colleges.
It consists of competitions, exhibitions, workshops and seminars on robotics, programming and other technical, management and social sectors; along with entertainment programs which usually have a technical basis.
They are annual national-level technical festivals pertaining to a certain engineering stream and organized by students, faculty and alumni of a particular department of VJTI.
As part of the 125 year quasquicentenary celebrations, the Nirmaan issue portrayed 125 years of heritage of the college, sourced from the VJTI Archives.
The revival of the Alumni Association was spurred at Blueprint 2020, held in April 2004 with the encouragement of the then Principal and Secretary.
The other Algic languages are the Yurok and Wiyot of northwestern California, which, despite their geographic proximity, are not closely related.
All these languages descend from Proto-Algic, a second-order proto-language estimated to have been spoken about 7,000 years ago and reconstructed using the reconstructed Proto-Algonquian language and the Wiyot and Yurok languages.
The Algic urheimat is thought to have been located in the Northwestern United States somewhere between the suspected homeland of the Algonquian branch (to the west of Lake Superior according to Goddard) and the earliest known location of the Wiyot and Yurok (along the middle Columbia River according to Whistler).
The genetic relation of Wiyot and Yurok to Algonquian was first proposed by Edward Sapir (1913, 1915, 1923), and argued against by Algonquianist Truman Michelson (1914, 1914, 1935).
Berman (1982) suggested that Wiyot and Yurok share sound changes not shared by the rest of Algic (which would be explainable by either areal diffusion or genetic relatedness); Proulx (2004) argued against Berman's conclusion of common sound changes.
More recently, Sergei Nikolaev has argued in two papers for a systematic relationship between the Nivkh language of Sakhalin and the Amur river basin and the Algic languages, and a secondary relationship between these two together and the Wakashan languages.
They are widely regarded as among the most dangerous animals on the African continent, and according to some estimates they gore, trample, and kill over 200 people every year.
Compared with other large bovids, it has a long but stocky body (the body length can exceed the wild water buffalo, which is heavier and taller) and short but thickset legs, resulting in a relatively short standing height.
The front hooves of the buffalo are wider than the rear, which is associated with the need to support the weight of the front part of the body, which is heavier and more powerful than the back.
Forest-type buffaloes are 30-40% smaller, reddish brown in colour, with much more hair growth around the ears and with horns that curve back and slightly up.
From the base, the horns diverge downwards, then smoothly curve upwards and outwards and in some cases inwards and or backwards.
In large bulls, the distance between the ends of the horns can reach upwards of one metre (the record being 64.5 inches 164 cm).
Forest buffalo horns are smaller than those of the savanna buffalo from Southern and Eastern Africa, usually measuring less than , and are almost never fused.
This buffalo prefers a habitat with dense cover, such as reeds and thickets, but can also be found in open woodland.
While not particularly demanding in regard to habitat, they require water daily, and so they depend on perennial sources of water.
When feeding, the buffalo makes use of its tongue and wide incisor row to eat grass more quickly than most other African herbivores.
Usually, the entire pride joins the hunt; however, several incidents have been reported in which lone adult male lions have been able to successfully bring down adult animals.
The average-sized crocodile typically attacks only old solitary animals and young calves, though they can kill healthy adults, and exceptionally large, old male Nile crocodiles may become semi-habitual predators of buffalo.
Also, this crocodilian is the only animal that typically takes down an adult buffalo alone, whereas a pride attack is the preferred method of lions when taking down such large prey.
The cheetah, leopard, and spotted hyena are normally a threat only to newborn calves, though very large clans of spotted hyenas have been recorded killing cows (mainly pregnant ones) and, on very rare occasions, full-grown bulls.
As with many diseases, these problems remain dormant within a population as long as the health of the animals is good.
Two types of bachelor herds occur: ones made of males aged four to seven years and those of males 12 years or older.
Since a buffalo is safer when a herd is larger, dominant bulls may rely on subordinate bulls and sometimes tolerate their copulation.
When chased by predators, a herd sticks close together and makes it hard for the predators to pick off one member.
They have been recorded killing a lion and chasing lions up trees and keeping them there for two hours, after the lions have killed a member of their group.
In one videotaped instance, known as the Battle at Kruger, a calf survived an attack by both lions and a crocodile after intervention of the herd.
Newborn calves remain hidden in vegetation for the first few weeks while being nursed occasionally by the mother before joining the main herd.
The current status of the African buffalo is dependent on the animal's value to both trophy hunters and tourists, paving the way for conservation efforts through anti-poaching patrols, village crop damage payouts, and CAMPFIRE payback programs to local areas.
In the past, numbers of African buffaloes suffered their most severe collapse during the great rinderpest epidemic of the 1890s, which, coupled with pleuro-pneumonia, caused mortalities as high as 95% among livestock and wild ungulates.
Being a member of the big five game group, a term originally used to describe the five most dangerous animals to hunt, the Cape buffalo is a sought-after trophy, with some hunters paying over $10,000 for the opportunity to hunt one.
These numbers may be somewhat overestimated; for example, in the country of Mozambique, attacks, especially fatal ones, were much less frequent on humans than those by hippos and, especially, Nile crocodiles.
In Uganda, on the other hand, large herbivores were found to attack more people on average than lions or leopards and have a higher rate of inflicting fatalities during attacks than the predators (the African buffalo, in particular, killing humans in 49.5% of attacks on them), but hippos and even elephants may still kill more people per annum here than buffaloes.
William Yarrell (3 June 1784 – 1 September 1856) was an English zoologist, prolific writer, bookseller and naturalist admired by his contemporaries for his precise scientific work.
His father died in 1794 and the Yarrells moved the short distance to Great Ryder Street, where William lived the rest of his life.
He corresponded and shared specimens with other naturalists including Thomas Bewick (from 1825), Sir William Jardine, Prideaux John Selby and Nicholas Aylward Vigors, as well as with the Cornish naturalist Jonathan Couch, who provided him with many specimens, especially of fish.
The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American coming-of-age teen comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and directed by Garry Marshall.
Based on Meg Cabot's 2000 young adult novel of the same name, the film was written by Gina Wendkos and stars Anne Hathaway and Julie Andrews, with a supporting cast consisting of Héctor Elizondo, Heather Matarazzo, Mandy Moore, Caroline Goodall and Robert Schwartzman.
The film follows Mia Thermopolis (Hathaway), a shy American teenager who learns that she is heir to the throne of a European kingdom.
Under the tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must decide whether to claim the throne she has inherited or renounce her title permanently.
Marshall, who was known for helming several romantic comedies, agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment.
Unpopular among her peers, Mia suffers from a fear of public speaking while harboring a crush on Josh Bryant, and is often teased by his popular girlfriend Lana Thomas.
Mia learns from her estranged paternal grandmother, Clarisse, that she is sole heir to the European kingdom of Genovia, having inherited the throne from her recently deceased father Philippe.
Clarisse is determined to groom Mia into a refined princess so that she may one day rule the kingdom over which Clarisse currently presides.
Mia receives a glamorous makeover and a limousine chauffeured by Joe, the queen's head of security and confidante, who becomes a father figure to her.
However, the public soon learns that Mia is a princess after the secret is sold to the press by Paolo, the hairdresser responsible for Mia's makeover, and the paparazzi begin to pursue her relentlessly.
Although Mia embarrasses herself at her first state dinner, the queen admits that she found her clumsiness endearing and suggests that they spend quality time together.
Josh kisses Mia in front of the paparazzi to bolster his own fame, while Lana helps the paparazzi photograph Mia wearing only a towel; both photographs are printed in the newspaper the following day.
Finding the photos inappropriate for a princess, Clarisse admonishes Mia for her behavior, after which a humiliated Mia promises to renounce her title.
Terrified by the prospect, Mia plans to run away until she discovers a touching letter from her late father and relents.
When they finally arrive, Mia, still wet and untidy from the rain, delivers a compelling speech and accepts her role as Princess of Genovia.
After changing into a gown, Mia accompanies Clarisse into the ballroom where Michael, who has accepted Mia's apology, invites her to dance before confessing their feelings for each other and sharing their first kiss.
In the final scene, Mia is shown traveling to Genovia in a private plane with her pet cat Fat Louie, and writes in her diary that she plans to relocate to Genovia with her mother.
By August 1999, the film was greenlit by Disney, who agreed to produce it with singer Whitney Houston's BrownHouse Productions, and Cabot's manuscript was forwarded to potential screenwriters.
The title was reverted once the setting was changed to San Francisco, California, a decision Marshall made because the latter is home to both himself and his granddaughters, to whom the film is dedicated.
Some aspects of the script were inspired by Cabot's own childhood, particularly when her mother began dating one of her teachers shortly after her father's death.
Despite being consulted about such changes, Cabot preferred to distance herself from the creative process to preserve her own mental health in fear of compromising her vision for future novels, insisting that the book and film exist in separate universes.
Cabot acknowledged the challenge of adapting a 300-page novel, which she had written in the form of a diary, into a 90-page screenplay but was ultimately satisfied with the final results and Marshall's direction.
Anne Hathaway was cast in the lead role of Mia Thermopolis after Juliette Lewis, to whom the role had originally been offered, declined.
Hathaway was very nervous during her audition, to the point at which she fell out of her chair; her inherent clumsiness is credited with impressing Marshall.
Several established young actresses had been considered for the role, including Reese Witherspoon, Kirsten Dunst, Alicia Silverstone, Jessica Biel, Claire Danes, Kate Hudson, Cameron Diaz, Drew Barrymore, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Brittany Murphy, Katie Holmes, Christina Applegate, Kate Beckinsale and Eva Mendes, while Liv Tyler was deemed a front-runner.
Julie Andrews, who had been semi-retired from acting at the time, was cast as Clarisse Renaldi, Mia's grandmother and Queen of Genovia.
Known for portraying princesses and nobility throughout her career, Andrews incorporated knowledge she had acquired about European royalty and mannerisms of Britain's royal family into her performance as Mia's regal mentor; Queen Elizabeth II herself had knighted Andrews one year prior, making her a Dame of the British Empire.
Marshall cast Heather Matarazzo as Mia's best friend Lilly Moscovitz after casting director Marcia Ross introduced them to each other, insisting that Matarazzo is different from other actresses.
Matarazzo was also starstruck by the opportunity to work with Andrews, whose films she had idolized as a child, and often asked for the actress' autograph.
Schwartzman wanted to change his last name in the credits to Cage in honor of his cousin Nicolas Cage, but the film's promotional material had already been finalized.
Marshall's wife appears as a ball guest, while his twin granddaughters Lily and Charlotte, the same granddaughters who inspired him to cast Hathaway, appear as a pair of schoolgirls asking for Mia's autograph.
San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown portrayed himself in a cameo appearance, during which he is briefly interviewed upon arriving at the same ball.
Marshall was constantly conceiving new ways to make the film funnier, as Disney had challenged him to incorporate humor into the G-rated film.
Disney's decision to have Mia's father be deceased in the film is among the most significant deviations from its source material, in which he is both alive and has an integral role.
The producers decided to kill off Mia's father in favor of expanding her grandmother's role, which they had been considering offering to Andrews from the beginning.
Marshall wrote Hathaway's childhood struggles with speaking while wearing a retainer into the film; the actress filmed a scene wearing the same retainer she had worn as a child.
Upon Marshall's request, Andrews suggested that the fictional country of Genovia be famous for its pears, after which point the set was decorated with artificial pears and pear-shaped statues.
Marshall worked with Larry Miller, who portrays Mia's hair stylist Paolo, to improvise humour moments, such as shrieking upon seeing Mia for the first time and drawing his styling tools from his pockets as though they are pistols.
Principal photography took place between September 18 and December 8, 2000, with filming beginning one month before Cabot's novel was published.
Andrews recalled having to constantly walk up and down the set's main staircase while struggling to remain regal and composed in appearance.
The film was shot on several locations throughout California, with Alverno High School serving as Mia's private school Grove High School.
Each cat served a different purpose: one was meant to be carried, another sat still for extended periods of time, a third was used for jumping and stunts, and the final (Hathaway's) is featured during the film's final scene.
During the state dinner in which a guest's arm catches fire, the fire was intended to be extinguished once the actor placed his arm in a nearby ice bucket.
However, when the fire persisted, Hathaway panicked and doused it with a glass of water, an improvisation that was kept in the film.
Hathaway tripped and fell while filming a scene in which she is walking atop bleachers during the rain, but continued to recite her lines as though nothing had happened.
Jones envisioned Mia as a character who is shy about her body at first, opting to dress her in layers consisting of long sleeves and loose-fitting clothing.
Both Hathaway and Andrews' tiara's were designed and custom-made specifically for their respective actresses, with the designers ensuring that both characters' crowns were appropriate for their age.
The tiara and jewelry Andrews wears during the final scene consists of half a million dollars’ worth of diamonds, loaned to the production by jeweler Harry Winston, with whom Jones worked closely to obtain several unique jewels.
A security guard followed Andrews at all times to both protect her and ensure that all jewels were returned at the end of each day.
The crowns and tiaras worn by both actresses are preserved by the Walt Disney Archives, into which they were inducted in 2016 to commemorate the film's 15th anniversary.
The film's main characters react differently towards Mia's physical transformation; Lilly fears that Mia will abandon her, Michael's attraction towards her only grows, and Lana feels threatened by Mia's royal lineage and sudden popularity within her own school.
Long-time friends with Disney executive Bill Green, Green felt that Debney would compliment the film and personally recommended him to Marshall.
Described as largely a collection of pop rock, teen pop, and dance-pop tracks, the soundtrack features contributions from artists BBMak, Aaron Carter, Backstreet Boys, Myra, Hanson and B*Witched.
A princess-themed tea party was hosted following the screening, with cast members Andrews, Hathaway, Matarazzo, Moore, Goodall, Schwartzman, Von Detten and Burbano attending.
In addition to Jacobson, Disney executives Bob Iger, Richard Cook, Mark Vahradian, Chuck Viane and Oren Aviv were present, as well as actors Spencer Treat Clark, David Hasselhoff, Jennifer Love Hewitt and Michelle Trachtenberg.
The film's box office returns were deemed remarkably high considering the fact that its lead role was played by a newcomer.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 47% of 114 critics surveyed reviewed the film positively, assigning it an average rating of 5.2/10.
Koehler criticized the film for squandering comedic opportunities by focusing on Mia's school and romantic relationships as opposed to her grandmother's training.
However, Mitchell felt that her character becomes less interesting once she undergoes her makeover and predicted that some viewers will find the sequence problematic.
Debney's score won the ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Film, one of three awards the composer received at the 17th Film and Television Music Awards ceremony.
Casting directors Marcia Ross, Donna Morong and Gail Goldberg were nominated for an Artios Award for Feature Film Casting – Comedy.
Makeup artists Hallie D'Amore and Leonard Engelma were nominated for a Hollywood Makeup Artist Hair Stylist Guild Award for Best Contemporary Makeup - Feature.
In 2016, Marshall revealed that he had discussed the possibility of having a third film set in New York with both actresses.
Interest has bolstered following Marshall's death in 2016, with Cabot revealing that a script for the third film already exists, indicating that the threequel would most likely be a tribute to Marshall.
In January 2019, Hathaway confirmed there is a script being written for a third film and that she, Julie Andrews, and producer Debra Martin Chase are on board.
The scene in which Mia undergoes a physical makeover has garnered significant attention, with several media publications ranking it among the greatest makeover sequences in film history.
The mint sorbet Mia consumes as a palate cleanser during the state dinner has frequently been commented upon in the media.
Cabot remarked that the novels had actually been intended for slightly older readers, but parents who saw the G-rated film would purchase the books for their 6-7-year-old children, unintentionally exposing them to teen content.
When the film was released on Netflix in 2018, the streaming service tweeted their surprise at the revelation that Houston served as a producer on the film, inspiring several Twitter users to comment the same.
The film's popularity among audiences has since defied expectations initially indicated by its lukewarm reception nearly two decades after its release.
He was born at Norwich, the son of Robert Woodhouse, linen draper, and educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, (BA 1795) of which society he was subsequently a fellow.
In this he explained the differential notation and strongly pressed the employment of it; but he severely criticised the methods used by continental writers, and their constant assumption of non-evident principles.
In 1809 Woodhouse published a textbook covering planar trigonometry and spherical trigonometry and the next year a historical treatise on the calculus of variations and isoperimetrical problems.
He next produced an astronomy; of which the first book (usually bound in two volumes), on practical and descriptive astronomy, was issued in 1812, and the second book, containing an account of the treatment of physical astronomy by Pierre-Simon Laplace and other continental writers, was issued in 1818.
A man like Woodhouse, of scrupulous honour, universally respected, a trained logician and with a caustic wit, was well fitted to introduce a new system; and the fact that when he first called attention to the continental analysis he exposed the unsoundness of some of the usual methods of establishing it, more like an opponent than a partisan, was as politic as it was honest.
Woodhouse did not exercise much influence on the majority of his contemporaries, and the movement might have died away for the time being if it had not been for the advocacy of George Peacock, Charles Babbage, and John Herschel, who formed the Analytical Society, with the object of advocating the general use in the university of analytical methods and of the differential notation.
The manga was published in English in North America by Tokyopop, and the anime was distributed in North America by Bandai Entertainment.
Debris Section's purpose is to prevent the damage or destruction of satellites, space stations and spacecraft from collision with debris in Earth's and the Moon's orbits.
They use a number of methods to dispose of the debris (mainly by burning it via atmospheric reentry or through salvage), accomplished through the use of EVA suits.
The members of the Debris Section are looked down upon as the lowest members of the company and they must work hard to prove their worth to others and accomplish their dreams.
The Space Defense Front is a terrorist organization that believes mankind is exploiting space without first curing global problems such as mass famine and the widened socio-economic divide on Earth.
For instance, when in a weightless environment, the frame count dramatically increases in order to make weightless motion more fluid and realistic.
Also, spaceships make no noise in the vacuum of space and astronauts routinely suffer from known space illnesses such as radiation poisoning, decompression sickness, cancer, brittle bones and mental illnesses spawned from isolation in the vacuum of space.
But in an example of a non-scientific idea, one character, born on the Moon, grew to be abnormally tall due to the lesser lunar gravity, looking like an adult at the age of 12.
Director Goro Taniguchi stated in the DVD commentary that he learned much about orbital mechanics in the course of making the series.
Even the necessity for the retrieval of space debris that is central to the plot is rooted in the serious and growing problem with space debris today.
Along the way, animated images of important milestones in space travel like Robert Goddard's early rocket tests, the V-2 rocket, Sputnik 1, Laika the dog, the Vostok spacecraft, Apollo 11, Skylab, Mir, the International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Endeavour and other milestones are displayed.
References to early pioneers in rocketry like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, Wernher von Braun and Hermann Oberth are also made regularly.
However, both scientists stated that the premise of having to rendezvous with debris in orbit is highly unlikely as it would take an extravagant amount of energy for a relatively small amount of salvageable material.
One of the scientists stated that the previous director of the NASA Orbital Debris Section was in fact Donald J. Kessler, the scientist who proposed the Kessler Syndrome, which is cited and used several times in both the anime and manga.
The story also depicts the richer countries monopolizing resources in space and the poorer ones falling into civil war and being invaded or needing the assistance of those richer countries, telling a story of dependency theory and the negative side of environmentalism.
The conflicting views of the terrorist group, the Space Defense Front, who wish to shut human beings off from space, the main characters who believe in the importance of space exploration and development, and the International Treaty Organization (INTO) which wants space development primarily to serve the economic and military needs of developed nations also play major roles.
The anime refrains from oversimplification of the various factions, portraying both true believers and those with ulterior motives on all sides.
The final settlement of the conflict is also unique in that it is not resolved by any of the main protagonists or antagonists, but by a compromise struck between powers above their heads.
The presentation of technology in the anime adaptation broke from the manga in several areas, such as with the inclusion of touch-controlled HUDs, retractable debris face shields with a video screen, and peripheral cameras to the EVA suits the main characters use.
Also, the anime introduces refinements in the weightless living and working spaces, with foot and hand bars for people to stabilize their movement in a weightless environment.
It published the series in five volumes by splitting the last volume in two parts from October 7, 2003, to February 8, 2005.
In the beginning and middle of the series, the writing and production staff only had the first three volumes of the manga as source.
In order to fill the entire 26-episode run of the anime, new characters, new settings and new relationships between characters were made in order to increase dramatic tension, reinforce themes introduced in the manga, and introduce new themes that were compatible with the manga.
While the manga deals more with existential themes, and humanity's relationship with space, the anime further expands the political elements of the story.
Both the manga and anime received the Seiun Award for best science fiction series, the manga in 2002 and the anime in 2005.
Sales-wise, the manga was only a modest success in North America, with volume 3 reaching 81st place on the Diamond US sales top 100, selling about 1100 copies through the distributor.
Operated by the National Park Service, Lake Mead NRA follows the Colorado River corridor from the westernmost boundary of Grand Canyon National Park to just north of the cities of Laughlin, Nevada and Bullhead City, Arizona.
It includes all of the eponymous Lake Mead as well as the smaller Lake Mohave – reservoirs on the river created by Hoover Dam and Davis Dam, respectively – and the surrounding desert terrain and wilderness.
The area surrounding Lake Mead was established as the Boulder Dam Recreation Area in 1936 and the name was changed to Lake Mead National Recreation Area in 1947.
In 1964, the area was expanded to include Lake Mohave and its surrounding area and became the first National Recreation Area to be designated as such by the U.S. Congress.
Lake Mead NRA features water recreation, including boating, swimming, and fishing, on both lakes as well as the stretches of river between the lakes.
Three of the four desert ecosystems found in the United States — the Mojave Desert, the Great Basin Desert, and the Sonoran Desert — meet in Lake Mead NRA.
Tours of Hoover Dam – administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation – are also a major attraction within the recreation area.
There are currently nine officially designated wilderness areas under the National Wilderness Preservation System lying within Lake Mead National Recreation Area.
The location is famous for the abundant and exceptionally preserved insect and plant fossils that are found in the mudstones and shales of the Florissant Formation.
Based on argon radiometric dating, the formation is Eocene (approximately 34 million years old ) in age and has been interpreted as a lake environment.
The fossils have been preserved because of the interaction of the volcanic ash from the nearby Thirtynine Mile volcanic field with diatoms in the lake, causing an diatom bloom.
As the diatoms fell to the bottom of the lake, any plants or animals that had recently died were preserved by the diatom falls.
In the late 19th century tourist and excavators came to this location to observe the wildlife and collect samples for collections and study.
The Petrified Forest, that is now one of the main attractions at the monument today, lost much of its mass due to collectors removing large amounts of petrified wood from the site.
In 1969, the Florissant Fossil Bed National Monument was established after a long legal battle between local land owners and the federal government.
In the late Eocene to early Oligocene, approximately 34 million years ago, the area was a lake environment with redwood trees.
There are six described units within the Florissant Formation: the lower shale unit, lower mudstone unit, middle shale unit, caprock conglomerate unit, upper shale unit, and the upper pumice unit.
Each of the shale units represents lacustrine environments, composed of very thin shales that are abundant in fossils, which alternate with tuffs from eruptions.
The Laramide Orogeny, which created the modern Rocky Mountains, had been uplifting the area to the west since the end of the Cretaceous, although the exact timing of the orogeny is debated In the late Eocene to the Early Oligocene, volcanic episodes began to occur to the southwest of the Florissant area.
These episodes of eruption would deposit ash and other volcanic debris on the Florissant location, and the volcanic material would be one of the most important factors in the fossilization of the plants and animals that are so abundant in the formation.
Most of the remaining units are composed of clasts of weathered Pikes Peak Granite, volcanics, and mud that were transported by streams that flowed through the area.
Called the Guffey volcanic center, within the larger Thirtynine Mile volcanic field, the volcano would have eruptions that included domes, lava flows, and pyroclastic events.
The ash that settled would create the tuff, and the lahars would form the mudstones and the conglomerates that are found in the Florissant formation.
Ironically, the volcanic material that caused so much destruction led to the preservation of the fossils within the Florissant Formation's shales and mudstones.
The lahars then covered the base of the redwoods that were living at the time, and the trunks of the trees became harder and fossilized.
Through permineralization, the precipitates that were in the ground water flowed through the tree trunks, replacing the original matter with siliceous minerals, replacing the organic matter with silica.
As the population of the diatoms massively increased, the stress from the volcanic episodes at the same time caused large die-offs of the local biota.
As the plants and animals died off, their leaves and bodies fell into the lake and eventually large amounts of organic matter accumulated at the bottom of the lake.
This process was repeated often, possibly yearly, as the runoff from rain collected in the lake, causing cyclical diatom blooms and die-offs.
Based on this information, it has been estimated that the lake could have lasted 2,500 to 5,000 years, if the diatom couplets represent annual cycles.
There is a large diversity of plants in the beds of the Florissant Formation, ranging from large redwoods to microscopic pollen.
These trees could have been as tall as 60 meters (= 198 feet) until they were killed by lahars suffocating the oxygen supply to their roots.
By looking at the tree rings, some of the trees have been estimated to be 500–700 years old when they died.
There are also specimens of fruits, seeds, cones, and flowers, which are all preserved in the paper shales of the formation.
These species represent samples from many different habitats that were located near and around the lake, as well as farther up the valley.
During periods of volcanism, the influxes of silica from volcanic ash lead to blooms of algae, which lead to algal mats and the exceptional preservation of the fossils.
With such a large number of species identified in this location, it becomes apparent that the environment was ideal for a large range of animals to survive in the area.
The great preservation of these animals gives insight into the environment that they survived in, as well as some aspects of their behavior.
The invertebrate fossils of the Florissant are arthropods, such as spiders, millipedes, insects, and ostracods; and mollusks such as clams and snails.
Of these, the most significant seem to be the spiders and insects, of which over 1,500 species have been identified in the fossil beds.
One unusual aspect of the spiders found in the formation is that they are not found with their legs curled in, but instead they are fully extended.
Mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies, grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, cockroaches, termites, earwigs, web-spinners, cicadas, snake flies, lacewings, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, butterflies, moths, wasps, bees, ants, and other insects have all been found in the Florissant.
This could indicate that there were more tolerable times for fish populations over the history of the lake than other times.
Other birds were described in early literature from the 19th century, but the exact identification of these samples cannot be done due to lack of information.
The largest mammal that has been discovered so far is a brontothere, an elephant-sized animal with a pair of thick horns on the top of its head.
The toxicity of the water due to volcanic activity could be to blame, but there are documented cases of aquatic animals in the lake.
Fossil plants, and in particular their leaves, have been the most useful sources of information of paleoclimate during the time of deposition of the Florissant Formation.
Plants have a smaller tolerance on average to climatic changes, whereas many animals can be mobile and respond to rapid seasonal or daily changes.
Comparing fossil plants and leaves to modern analogs enables inferences about the climate to be made based on physiological and morphological similarities.
By looking at the physiognomy, or analysis of gross appearance based on climatic factors, the mean average temperature (or MAT) has been estimated to be around 13 °C, much warmer than the modern MAT at Florissant of 4 °C.
There have also been estimates that the MAT was between 16-18 °C, based on comparisons to the closest living relatives of the plants.
There are also indications that the seasonal changes in the area were not as great as what is seen in modern times.
Estimates of MAT, based on pollen, have put the temperature as high as 17.5 °C, but pollen is arguably less diagnostic than leaves.
Based on the small size and the features of the teeth, the precipitation during the late Eocene to early Oligocene has been estimated to be around 50-80 centimeters per year, with a distinct dry season.
Most of the precipitation would have come in the late spring to early summer, with the rare snowfall in the winter.
Tree-ring analysis indicates that the environment that the redwoods grew in during the time of sediment deposition would have been even more favorable than the current climate that the redwoods in California grow in.
There would have been a gradual transition between the different habitats from the base of the valley up the hillsides, with some overlap between the two.
Early estimates of the elevation of the Florissant beds was determined to be between 300–900 meters, much lower than the modern elevation of 2,500-2,600 meters.
This would indicate that global climate change, rather than tectonic uplift, would be the main cause of changing environments in the area.
While most of the analysis using paleoflora has the area at a higher elevation than modern times, there is evidence that the elevation was as low as the earlier estimates.
In chemistry, antimonite refers to a salt of antimony(III), such as NaSb(OH) and NaSbO (meta-antimonite), which can be prepared by reacting alkali with antimony trioxide, SbO.
Chalcanthite, whose name derives from the Greek, ' and ', meaning copper flower, is a richly colored blue/green water-soluble sulfate mineral CuSO·5HO.
These other sulfates are identical in chemical composition to chalcanthite, with the exception of replacement of the copper ion by either manganese as jokokuite, iron as siderotil, or magnesium as pentahydrite.
However, its ready solubility in water means that it tends to crystallize, dissolve, and recrystallize as crusts over any mine surface in more humid regions.
First, the mineral readily absorbs and releases its water content, which, over time, leads to a disintegration of the crystal structure, destroying even the finest specimens.
Second, higher quality crystals can be easily grown synthetically, and, as such, there is a concern that disreputable mineral dealers would present a sample as natural when it is not.
Chalcanthite can also dye materials blue when dissolved in water, and has a peculiarly sweet and metallic taste, although consuming it can induce dangerous copper poisoning.
Particle displacement or displacement amplitude is a measurement of distance of the movement of a sound particle from its equilibrium position in a medium as it transmits a sound wave.
In most cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure (such as sound), but it can also be a transverse wave, such as the vibration of a taut string.
In the case of a sound wave travelling through air, the particle displacement is evident in the oscillations of air molecules with, and against, the direction in which the sound wave is travelling.
A particle of the medium undergoes displacement according to the particle velocity of the sound wave traveling through the medium, while the sound wave itself moves at the speed of sound, equal to in air at .
Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus and the United States.
The process of liquidation also arises when customs, an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties, determines the final computation or ascertainment of the duties or drawback accruing on an entry.
For efficiency's sake, it will often sell these at a discount to a company specializing in real estate liquidation instead of becoming involved in an area it may lack sufficient expertise in to operate with maximum profitability.
An order will not generally be made if the purpose of the application is to enforce payment of a debt which is bona fide disputed.
It can take account of personal relationships of mutual trust and confidence in small parties, particularly, for example, where there is a breach of an understanding that all of the members may participate in the business, or of an implied obligation to participate in management.
An order might be made where the majority shareholders deprive the minority of their right to appoint and remove their own director.
Once liquidation commences (which depends upon applicable law, but will generally be when the petition was originally presented, and not when the court makes the order), dispositions of the company's generally void, and litigation involving the company is generally restrained.
The court may appoint an official receiver, and one or more liquidators, and has general powers to enable rights and liabilities of claimants and contributories to be settled.
Separate meetings of creditors and contributories may decide to nominate a person for the appointment of a liquidator and possibly of a supervisory liquidation committee.
Voluntary liquidation begins when the company passes the resolution, and the company will generally cease to carry on business at that time (if it has not done so already).
If a limited company’s liabilities outweigh its assets, or the company cannot pay its bills when they fall due, the company becomes insolvent.
If the company is solvent, and the members have made a statutory declaration of solvency, the liquidation will proceed as a members' voluntary winding-up.
If not, the liquidation will proceed as a creditors' voluntary winding-up, and a meeting of creditors will be called, to which the directors must report on the company's affairs.
Where a voluntary winding-up of a company has begun, a compulsory liquidation order is still possible, but the petitioning contributory would need to satisfy the court that a voluntary liquidation would prejudice the contributors.
The liquidator will normally have a duty to ascertain whether any misconduct has been conducted by those in control of the company which has caused prejudice to the general body of creditors.
In some legal systems, in appropriate cases, the liquidator may be able to bring an action against errant directors or shadow directors for either wrongful trading or fraudulent trading.
The liquidator may also have to determine whether any payments made by the company or transactions entered into may be voidable as a transaction at an undervalue or an unfair preference.
The main purpose of a liquidation where the company is insolvent is to collect its assets, determine the outstanding claims against the company, and satisfy those claims in the manner and order prescribed by law.
Property which is in the possession of the company, but which was supplied under a valid retention of title clause will generally have to be returned to the supplier.
Property which is held by the company on trust for third parties will not form part of the company's assets available to pay creditors.
Before the claims are met, secured creditors are entitled to enforce their claims against the assets of the company to the extent that they are subject to a valid security interest.
In most legal systems, only fixed security takes precedence over all claims; security by way of floating charge may be postponed to the preferential creditors.
For example, a party who had a valid contract for the purchase of land against the company may be able to obtain an order for specific performance, and compel the liquidator to transfer title to the land to them, upon tender of the purchase price.
After the removal of all assets which are subject to retention of title arrangements, fixed security, or are otherwise subject to proprietary claims of others, the liquidator will pay the claims against the company's assets.
Having wound-up the company's affairs, the liquidator must call a final meeting of the members (if it is a members' voluntary winding-up), creditors (if it is a compulsory winding-up) or both (if it is a creditors' voluntary winding-up).
However, in common jurisdictions, the court has a discretion for a period of time after dissolution to declare the dissolution void to enable the completion of any unfinished business.
In some jurisdictions, the company may elect to simply be struck off the companies register as a cheaper alternative to a formal winding-up and dissolution.
In such cases an application is made to the registrar of companies, who may strike off the company if there is reasonable cause to believe that the company is not carrying on business or has been wound-up and, after enquiry, no case is shown why the company should not be struck off.
However, in such cases the company may be restored to the register if it is just and equitable so to do (for example, if the rights of any creditors or members have been prejudiced).
In the event the company does not file an annual return or annual accounts, and the company's file remains inactive, in due course, the registrar will strike the company off the register.
Under the corporate insolvency laws of a number of common law jurisdictions, where a company has been engaged in misconduct or where the assets of the company are thought to be in jeopardy, it is sometimes possible to put a company into provisional liquidation, whereby a liquidator is appointed on an interim basis to safeguard the position of the company pending the hearing of the full winding-up petition.
The duty of the provisional liquidator is to safeguard the assets of the company and maintain the status quo pending the hearing of the petition; the provisional liquidator does not assess claims against the company or try to distribute the company's assets to creditors.
In business terms this will mean liquidating a company as the only option and then resuming under a different name with the same customers, clients and suppliers.
In some circumstances it may appear ideal for the directors; however, if they trade under a name which is the same or substantially the same as the company in liquidation without approval from the Court, they will be committing an offence under §216 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (and equivalent legislation in UK regions).
Persons participating in the management of the 'phoenix' company may also be held personally liable for the debts of the company under §217 of the Insolvency Act unless the Court approval has been granted.
The current division was established by a 1999 constitution amendment and was an attempt to balance the weight of different districts of the country whereby voters in the rural districts have greater representation per head than voters in Reykjavík city and its suburbs.
The imbalance of votes between city and country still exists and a provision in the election law states that if the number of votes per seat in parliament in one constituency goes below half of what it is in any other constituency, one seat shall be transferred between them.
cit., 611-616), the proto-Macro-Arawakan language would have been spoken in the Middle Ucayali River Basin during the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE and its speakers would have produced in this region the Tutishcainyo pottery.
Martins (2005: 342–370) groups the Arawakan and Nadahup languages together as part of a proposed Makúan-Arawakan (Nadahup-Arawakan) family, but this proposal has been rejected by Aikhenvald (2006: 237).
However, Carmen was also hiding her own secrets: in addition to skipping school to go on outings to the city without her parents’ permission, she also had to deal with wearing diapers because of a bedwetting problem that she was desperate to hide from her brother.
Though Carmen and Juni fight with each other throughout their adventure, the two of them bond and form a rapport of mutual respect.
Carmen is also influenced by her real uncle Machete, who let her know that he had the same problem with his younger brother, Carmen's father.
She also finds out that her brother had always been aware of her nighttime bedwetting and had kept that knowledge to himself on her mother's instructions.
Carmen also develops a sense of family, and insists that if any Cortezes become involved in missions, then all of them should.
At some events, it is evident that he likes her, and at some events, it looks as if he doesn't, like when he says to Juni that Carmen is a dork.
Later, Carmen, after a conversation with Gary's little sister Gerti, changes her mind about Gary and convinces Gerti to turn against her father, who has an evil plan for world domination.
When he does return during the film, the two are extremely hostile toward each other (much like they were in the first film), before eventually reconciling and becoming a team again.
He provided television commentary of live Formula 1 coverage for the BBC between 1976 and 1996, after that of ITV between 1997 and 2001.
He retired from full-time commentary after the 2001 United States Grand Prix, but has returned to broadcasting part-time in 2005 and has since made occasional appearances on the BBC, Channel 4 and Sky Sports F1.
His father Graham Walker was a despatch rider and works motorcyclist for the Norton Motorcycle Company, who participated in the Isle of Man TT.
Walker was later conscripted into the armed forces and applied to volunteer for tanks, but was required to wait due to the lack of resources supplied by the armed forces.
As part of the evacuation scheme imposed by the British Government, Walker was evacuated to Erdington, living with the Bellamy family at 58 Holly Lane.
On 1 October 1942 he took a train from Waterloo to Wool in Dorset, where he reported to the 30th Primary Training Wing at Bovington, the headquarters of the Royal Armoured Corps.
He went on to command a Sherman tank and to participate in the Battle of the Reichswald with the 4th Armoured Brigade.
By 1949 he was commentating on races alongside Max Robertson, although it was not until the late 1970s that each Formula 1 race was given extensive coverage on British television.
Walker covered the BTCC for the BBC between 1969 and 1971 and also 1988 and 1997, and the Macau event for Hong Kong TV on nine occasions.
On Formula One coverage from 1980 to 1993, Walker struck up a surprisingly successful, and extremely popular, double act with World Champion James Hunt.
Initially they did not get on, as Hunt's interests, personality and private life appeared to have little in common with Walker's.
Walker and Hunt were to work together for more than a decade at the BBC, until Hunt's death from a heart attack in 1993.
When in the commentary booth together, Walker would provide his animated descriptions of the action, with Hunt bringing in his expert knowledge (which included inside information from the pits, typically from his former team McLaren), and often opinionated nature, in his co-commentary role.
On one occasion early in their partnership, Walker would not hand the microphone over after repeated requests by Hunt for him to do so.
In frustration, Hunt stood and grabbed the microphone from him, which caused the normally cool Walker to grab the former World Champion by the collar and raise his fist to hit his partner before a producer intervened.
There were a few Grands Prix between 1978 and 1996 that Walker did not commentate on while employed by the BBC, usually as a result of his commentating elsewhere.
Some of these included the 1979 Belgian Grand Prix and 1988 Hungarian Grand Prix (when Simon Taylor deputised for him), the German Grands Prix of 1981 and 1984 (both commentated on by Barrie Gill), and the 1985 German Grand Prix (Tony Jardine).
In 1996, as part of Pizza Hut's global advertising strategy using celebrities, Walker and Formula One driver Damon Hill advertised the chain's new stuffed-crust pizza.
The books, which have become something of a collectors item among enthusiasts, usually consisted of a summary of the season as well as each individual race, with Murray's own comments on the individual teams and drivers performances, as well as news about the teams.
In October 2005, it was announced that Walker would be returning to the microphone as the BBC's voice of the new Grand Prix Masters series.
After providing the commentary for the inaugural race in South Africa, in January 2006 BBC Radio 5 Live announced that Walker would be part of their team for their coverage of subsequent races.
In 2006 he became chief ambassador for David Ormerod Hearing Centres, a high street Audiology chain that fitted his hearing aids.
In March 2006, the Honda Racing F1 Team, formerly British American Racing, announced that Walker would become its team ambassador for half of the 2006 season's 18 Grands Prix, starting with the San Marino Grand Prix in April.
In March 2006, Walker returned to the microphone for the Clipsal 500 V8 Supercar round in Adelaide, held on a modified version of the Adelaide Street Circuit used for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix from 1985 until 1995.
In March 2007, Walker returned to the microphone for the Clipsal 500 V8 Supercar round, and was awarded a Lifetime Infinite Pass to the event by organisers at a ceremony on pit straight, shortly before the main race.
In June 2007, Walker visited the Isle of Man to celebrate the Centenary of the Isle of Man TT and work on a DVD documentary about the event, TT: Centenary Celebration with Murray Walker, which was released later in the year.
In November 2008, Walker's presence in the BBC's recovered coverage of F1 – as a website columnist – was confirmed as a freelancer.
Earlier that year, while being interviewed on BBC Radio 5 Live, Walker was asked if he would consider a return to the TV commentary box.
On 5 June 2011, a documentary entitled 'Life in the Fast Lane' premiered on BBC2 that looked into his life, particularly his shaping of the sport we are accustomed to today.
Memorable moments of his commentating career are also re-lived, and the documentary also accompanies Walker, aged 87, to Australia to experience the thrills he once faced at the opening race of the season.
On 9 July 2011, he returned to BBC F1 on BBC Five Live and BBC One as a co-commentator for Free Practice 3, and appeared on the Qualifying show alongside Jake Humphrey, Eddie Jordan, David Coulthard and his former co-commentator Martin Brundle as well as 5live F1 special and occasional commentary on the race on BBC Radio Five Live.
In June 2013, it was reported that Walker was to receive chemotherapy in the coming months and had cancelled plans to attend the 2013 British Grand Prix at Silverstone.
In 2016 Walker moved with many other BBC F1 staff to Channel 4 to present a series of interviews with the sport's key players.
The same name belonged to the Catuvellauni who lived in what is now Hertfordshire, one of the most powerful British polities in the Late Iron Age who led the resistance against the Romans in 43 CE and possibly against Caesar in 55 and 54 BCE as well.
Estotiland is a region that appeared on the Zeno map, located where Labrador, Quebec, and Newfoundland are now situated on nautical charts.
According to the letters that accompanied the Zeno map, Estotiland was discovered by fishermen who sailed in the North Atlantic during the 14th century.
Nonetheless, a map created by French cartographer Nicolas Sanson around 1660 testifies to the existence of Estotiland and to its location north of New France.
Rubin began attending Juilliard School of Music in New York when he was 17 and studied with William Vacchiano, who was principal trumpet in the New York Philharmonic.
While at Juilliard, Rubin was invited to play with Paul Hindemith on his last concert tour of the United States, but Rubin chose instead to play with Peggy Lee at the Village Vanguard.
Rubin was a member of the Saturday Night Live Band, with whom he played at the Closing Ceremony of the 1996 Olympic Games.
As a member of The Blues Brothers, he portrayed Mr. Fabulous in the 1980 film, the 1998 sequel and was a member of the touring band.
Rubin played with an array of artists, such as Frank Sinatra, Frank Zappa, Duke Ellington, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Gil Evans, Eumir Deodato, Sting, Aerosmith, The Rolling Stones, Paul Simon, James Taylor, Frankie Valli, Eric Clapton, Billy Joel, B.B.
Frisland, also called Frischlant, Friesland, Frislanda, Frislandia, or Fixland, is a phantom island that appeared on virtually all of the maps of the North Atlantic from the 1560s through the 1660s.
Frisland appears to have been born out of the confusion between an imaginary island and the actual southern part of Greenland.
Frisland originally may also have been a cartographic approximation of Iceland, but in 1558 the influential Zeno map charted the landmass as an entirely separate island south (or occasionally south-west) of Iceland.
Its existence was given currency in manuscript maps of the 1560s by the Maggiolo family of Genoa, and the island was accepted and reproduced by cartographers Gerardus Mercator and Jodocus Hondius.
Some early maps by Willem Blaeu, such as his 1617 map of Europe, omit it, but it reappeared on his 1630 world map as one of many islands shown off the eastern coast of Labrador, which was then believed to extend to within a few hundred miles of Scotland.
The myth of Frisland was gradually dispensed with as explorers, chiefly from England and France, charted and mapped the waters of the North Atlantic.
This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of blood pressure; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.
This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular structure lined by a single layer of specialized cells and surrounded by capillaries.
The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine.
This is performed at the microscopic level by many hundreds of thousands of filtration units called renal corpuscles, each of which is composed of a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule.
A global assessment of renal function is often ascertained by estimating the rate of filtration, called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Cells, proteins, and other large molecules are filtered out of the glomerulus by a process of ultrafiltration, leaving an ultrafiltrate that resembles plasma (except that the ultrafiltrate has negligible plasma proteins) to enter Bowman's space.
The ultrafiltrate is passed through, in turn, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and a series of collecting ducts to form urine.
Tubular reabsorption is the process by which solutes and water are removed from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood.
Reabsorption is a two-step process beginning with the active or passive extraction of substances from the tubule fluid into the renal interstitium (the connective tissue that surrounds the nephrons), and then the transport of these substances from the interstitium into the bloodstream.
For example, bicarbonate (HCO) does not have a transporter, so its reabsorption involves a series of reactions in the tubule lumen and tubular epithelium.
Substances, generally produced by body or the by-products of cell metabolism that can become toxic in high concentration, and some drugs (if taken).
Tubular secretion occurs at PCT and DCT; for example, at proximal convoluted tubule, potassium is secreted by means of sodium-potassium pump, hydrogen ion is secreted by means of active transport and co-transport, i.e.
Outside the range of pH that is compatible with life, proteins are denatured and digested, enzymes lose their ability to function, and the body is unable to sustain itself.
The kidney is directed to excrete or retain sodium via the action of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and other hormones.
Two organ systems, the kidneys and lungs, maintain acid-base homeostasis, which is the maintenance of pH around a relatively stable value.
The kidneys have two very important roles in maintaining the acid-base balance: to reabsorb and regenerate bicarbonate from urine, and to excrete hydrogen ions and fixed acids (anions of acids) into urine.
An increase in osmolality causes the gland to secrete antidiuretic hormone (ADH), resulting in water reabsorption by the kidney and an increase in urine concentration.
ADH binds to principal cells in the collecting duct that translocate aquaporins to the membrane, allowing water to leave the normally impermeable membrane and be reabsorbed into the body by the vasa recta, thus increasing the plasma volume of the body.
However, when plasma blood volume is low and ADH is released the aquaporins that are opened are also permeable to urea.
Urea can then re-enter the nephron and be excreted or recycled again depending on whether ADH is still present or not.
The 'single effect' describes the fact that the ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle is not permeable to water but is permeable to sodium chloride.
This allows for a countercurrent exchange system whereby the medulla becomes increasingly concentrated, but at the same time setting up an osmotic gradient for water to follow should the aquaporins of the collecting duct be opened by ADH.
Each hormone acts via multiple mechanisms, but both increase the kidney's absorption of sodium chloride, thereby expanding the extracellular fluid compartment and raising blood pressure.
When renin levels are elevated, the concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone increase, leading to increased sodium chloride reabsorption, expansion of the extracellular fluid compartment, and an increase in blood pressure.
Conversely, when renin levels are low, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels decrease, contracting the extracellular fluid compartment, and decreasing blood pressure.
A simple means of estimating renal function is to measure pH, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and basic electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate).
As the kidney is the most important organ in controlling these values, any derangement in these values could suggest renal impairment.
A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space.
Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×10 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly.
The hydrogen anion, with its loosely held two-electron cloud, has a larger radius than the neutral atom, which in turn is much larger than the bare proton of the cation.
This happens when hydrogen ions get pushed across the membrane creating a high concentration inside the thylakoid membrane and a low concentration in the cytoplasm.
The town of Balboa, founded by the United States during the construction of the Panama Canal, was named after Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the Spanish conquistador credited with discovering the Pacific Ocean.
Prior to being drained, filled and leveled by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the hilly area north of Panama City was home to a few subsistence ranches and unused marshlands.
The town of Balboa, like most towns in the Canal Zone, was served by Canal Zone Government–operated schools, post office, police and fire stations, commissary, cafeteria, movie theater, service center, bowling alley, and other recreational facilities and company stores.
The town was also home to two private banks, a credit union, a Jewish Welfare Board, several Christian denomination churches, civic clubs (such as the Elks Club and the Knights of Columbus), a Masonic Lodge, a YMCA, several historic monuments, and a miniature Statue of Liberty donated by the Boy Scouts of America.
Until 1979, when the Canal Zone as a solely US territory was abolished under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaties, the town of Balboa was the administrative center of the Canal Zone, and remained so until midday on December 31, 1999, by which time, according to the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, the Panama Canal and all its assets and territories were fully returned to the Panamanian government.
The Panama Canal Administration Building, the former seat of the Canal Zone Government and Panama Canal Company, is located in Balboa Heights and continues to perform its duties as the main administration building for the agency that runs the Panama Canal—previously the Panama Canal Commission, now the Panama Canal Authority.
There was a VLF-transmitting station of the US Navy near Balboa for transmitting orders to submarines, which began service around 1915.
The port has a dry dock in Panamax size (even the gates have a construction similar to that of the locks of the Panama canal).
Since its incorporation into the Republic of Panama, part of Balboa has been developed to enhance the port's capacity and to adapt to private ownership of residences (previously owned by the U.S. Government/Canal Zone Government/Panama Canal Company, and rented to employees thereof) and some small companies and restaurants.
The rapid growth of the West-side population of Panama's province has resulted in increased car traffic because one of the only two ways available to cross towards the west side of the country is the Bridge of the Americas, which is an issue being solved by the construction of new streets.
Demographic changes resulting from the departure of most of the American population (because of Torrijos-Carter Treaties) brought the closure of related facilities and institutions, such as Balboa High School and some English-language churches, obviously because they were mostly available for Americans.
Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (also known as TJHSST, TJ, or Jefferson) is a Virginia state-chartered magnet school in Fairfax County, Virginia.
As a publicly funded and administered high school with a selective admission process, it is often compared with notable public magnet schools, although it discontinued non-application based admission after the class of 1988.
Attendance at the school is open to students in six local jurisdictions based on an admissions test, prior academic achievement, recommendations, and essays.
The selective admissions program was initiated in 1985 through the cooperation of state and county governments, as well as corporate sponsorship from the defense and technology industries.
It is one of 18 Virginia Governor's Schools, and a founding member of the National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology.
In its 2019 report on the top high schools in the United States, U.S. News & World Report rated TJHSST as the best high school in the State of Virginia.
The ethnic demographics of the students admitted in the graduating class of 2022 was 22.9% white, 65.2% Asian, 2.1% black, and 4.7% Hispanic.
Hispanic and Black students make up less than seven percent of student body, while the same groups constitute about thirty percent of the student population in the area.
Students from Fairfax, Arlington, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and from the City of Falls Church are also eligible for admission.
In the same rankings, it placed third in 2018, sixth in 2017, fifth in 2016, third in 2015, fourth in 2014 and 2013, and second in 2012 and 2011.
In 2007, for schools with more than 800 students in grades 10–12, TJ was cited as having the highest-performing AP Calculus BC, AP Chemistry, AP French Language, AP Government and Politics, U.S., and AP U.S. History courses among all schools worldwide.
The school underwent renovation, completed in April 2017, for a cost of about $89 million, including $67.4 million for construction, plus other costs related to permits, design fees, utilities and equipment.
The Systems Engineering Course designed and built a CubeSat which was launched on November 19, 2013 from Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia.
Orbital Sciences Corporation donated the CubeSat Kit to the school on December 6, 2006 and provided the launch for the satellite.
After a successful launch at 8:15PM, TJSAT became the first satellite launched into space that was built by high school students.
The launched satellite contained a 4-watt transmitter operating on amateur radio frequencies, and a text-to-speech module to allow it to broadcast ASCII-encoded messages sent to it from Jefferson.
In 1988, a team from the school won an ETA-10P supercomputer in the SuperQuest competition, a national science competition for high school students.
These were placed in the existing AP Computer Science Lab and the science classrooms, support backend services, and serve as kiosks placed around the school for guests, students, and faculty.
In 1997, 2000, 2013, and 2017, the wind ensemble of the school was among fifteen high-school bands invited to the Music for All National Concert Band Festival in Indianapolis.
Microsoft Visio ( ) (formerly Microsoft Office Visio) is a diagramming and vector graphics application and is part of the Microsoft Office family.
The Standard and Professional editions share the same interface, but the Professional edition has additional templates for more advanced diagrams and layouts, as well as capabilities intended to make it easy for users to connect their diagrams to data sources and to display their data graphically.
A few new features have been added such as one-step connectivity with Excel data, information rights management (IRM) protection for Visio files, modernized shapes for office layout, detailed shapes for site plans, updated shapes for floor plans, modern shapes for home plans, IEEE compliant shapes for electrical diagrams, new range of starter diagrams, and new themes for the Visio interface.
Visio 2013 drops support for writing VDX files in favor of the new VSDX and VSDM file formats, and uses them by default.
Created based on Open Packaging Conventions (OPC) standard (ISO 29500, Part 2), a VSDX or VSDM file consists of a group of XML files archived inside a Zip file.
Like Microsoft Project, however, it has never been officially included in any of the bundled Office suites (although it was on the disk for Office 2003 and could be installed if users knew it was there ).
Visio Network Center was a subscription-based website where users could locate the latest network documentation content and exact-replica network equipment shapes from 500 leading manufacturers.
Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access and Outlook (to some extents) had already adopted the ribbon with the release of Microsoft Office 2007.
There are no Visio versions 7, 8, or 9, because after Microsoft acquired and branded Visio as a Microsoft Office product, the Visio version numbers followed the Office version numbers.
Visio does not have a Mac OS X version, which has led to the growth of several third party applications which can open and edit Visio files on Mac.
As a result of composers' aesthetic comparisons of Beethoven's symphonic output with efforts afterwards, in 1835, there was a competition in Vienna for the best new symphony sponsored by Tobias Haslinger of the music publishing firm with no fewer than 57 entries.
His career there came to a sudden end in 1864 after Richard Wagner's disciple Hans von Bülow took over Lachner's duties.
His work, influenced by Ludwig van Beethoven and his friend Franz Schubert, is regarded as competent and craftsman-like, but is now generally little known.
175, 176, 177) and chamber music, in particular his music for wind instruments, that receive the most attention, though his string quartets and some of his eight symphonies have been performed and recorded.
His songs, some of which are set to the same texts that Schubert used, contributed to the development of the German Lied.
It was acquired by Microsoft and is now in a division of that company, which continues to develop the application under the name Microsoft Visio.
Later, in summer 1990, Jeremy Jaech and Ted Johnson met to come up with the initial product definition and then in the fall of 1990 recruited Dave Walter as their third founder.
All of its founders came from Aldus Corporation: Jeremy Jaech and Dave Walter were two of Aldus's original founders, and Ted Johnson was the lead developer of Aldus PageMaker for Windows.
When Shapeware released Visio 4.0 on August 18, 1995, it was one of the first applications developed specifically for Windows 95.
In November 1995, Shapeware changed its own name to Visio and on November 9, 1995, marked its initial public offering of stock under the ticker VSIO.
Richard James Hieb (born September 21, 1955 in Jamestown, North Dakota) is a former NASA astronaut and a veteran of three space shuttle missions.
His mother was a long time elementary school teacher at Lincoln Elementary in Jamestown, North Dakota and his father was a transport driver before retiring and operating a small business buying and selling antiques and specialty items where he was a well-known figure at sales around eastern North Dakota.
He went on to graduate from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1979 with a master of science degree in aerospace engineering.
He worked in the Mission Control Center on the ascent team for STS-1, and during rendezvous phases on numerous subsequent flights.
Selected by NASA as an astronaut candidate in June 1985, Hieb qualified July 1986 for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews.
Hieb first flew on the crew of STS-39, an unclassified Department of Defense mission which launched on April 28, 1991 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
During the mission, he was responsible for operating the Infrared Background Signature Satellite from within the payload bay, on the Remote Manipulator System and as a free-flying satellite.
He also operated the remote system to release the satellite, and then to retrieve the satellite a day and a half later.
After 134 orbits of the Earth which covered 3.5 million miles (5,600,000 km) and lasted just over 199 hours, the crew landed at California, on May 6, 1991.
During that mission, Hieb along with astronaut Pierre Thuot, performed three space walks which resulted in the capture and repair of the stranded Intelsat VI F3 communications satellite.
The third space walk, which also included astronaut Tom Akers, was the first ever (and to date only) three-person space walk.
This 8 hour and 29 minute space walk, the longest in history, broke a twenty-year-old record that was held by Apollo 17 astronauts.
The STS-49 record endured for 9 years until being surpassed by James Voss and Susan Helms on the International Space Station, and now stands in second place for EVA duration.
The mission concluded on May 16, 1992 with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base after orbiting the Earth 141 times in 213 hours and traveling 3.7 million miles (5.9 million kilometres).
The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 8, 1994, and returned there on July 23, 1994, setting a new flight duration record for the Space Shuttle program.
William Grainger Blount (1784 – May 21, 1827) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd district in the United States House of Representatives from 1815 to 1819.
He is the son of Southwest Territory governor William Blount and nephew of Tennessee governor Willie Blount, serving under the latter as Tennessee Secretary of State from 1811 to 1815.
Blount was born near New Bern, North Carolina, in Craven County, the eldest son of William Blount and Mary Grainger Blount.
In 1792, following his father's appointment as Governor of the Southwest Territory, he moved with his parents to Knoxville, which had been chosen as the new territorial capital.
Following the death of John Sevier in 1815, Blount was elected to his seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, narrowly defeating John Cocke by a vote of 1,583 to 1,355.
Serving as a Democratic-Republican in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth congresses, Blount consistently sought the creation of new postal routes throughout his district, including a route connecting Maryville and Sevierville, a route connecting Sevierville and Dandridge, and a route connecting Morganton, Tennessee, with Carnesville, Georgia.
He voted in favor of an 1816 bill reaffirming the nation's neutrality, and voted against the Bonus Bill of 1817 (he also voted in favor of sustaining President James Madison's veto of the Bonus Bill).
Zeya flows through the Zeya Reservoir, at the junction of the Tukuringra Range and Dzhagdy Range, and joins the Amur River near Blagoveshchensk, in Russia's Amur Oblast.
The main tributaries of the Zeya River are Tok, Mulmuga, Bryanta, Gilyuy, and Urkan on the right, and Kupuri, Argi, Dep, Selemdzha, and Tom on the left.
It gained enormous popularity in Poland, and by the turn of the 20th century had become one of the most popular Polish books ever.
Jan Skrzetuski (Yan Skshetuski), lieutenant of the armoured regiment of Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (Yeremi Vishnyevetski), gives assistance to Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki (first posing as Abdank) as his party are returning from a mission to the Khan through the Wilderness.
It is here that he also becomes acquainted with Zagłoba and the Lithuanian Podbipięta (Podbipienta), who wishes to join the service of Prince Jeremi in order to fulfil his family vow of cutting off the heads of three infidels, all at the same time with one blow.
On their way to Lubni, the party comes to the assistance of two women, one of whom is Helena Kurcewicz (Kurtsevich), returning to her aunt's home that really belongs to her.
Jan's party are invited back to Rozlogi where Jan meets Bohun, a Cossack, adopted as a sixth son by the old princess (Helena's aunt).
Skrzetuski realizes the girl is being mistreated and denied her rights so gets the princess to promise Helena to him instead of Bohun or he will have Prince Jeremi help her recover home.
To wile away the time, Skrzetuski fences with his friend, Michał Wołodyjowski (Volodyovski), and receives a response to his letter sent to Helena via Rzędzian (Jendzian), his assistant.
The prince decides to send an envoy, in a group led by Pan (Sir) Bychowiec (Bykhovets), to the Sich to find out about Chmielnicki.
Jan persuades him to let him go in his place as he wants to see Helena and receives permission from the prince.
His party encounters some Cossacks and Tartars and a fight breaks out in which Jan's soldiers are slaughtered and he severely wounded.
The alliance between the Cossacks and Tartars had been brokered by Chmielnicki, who understood that Cossacks, while having an excellent infantry, could not hope to match the Polish cavalry, the best in Europe.
By combining Cossack infantry with Tartar cavalry, the uprising had balanced military force and a chance to beat the Polish army.
The messages to the friends in the court are discovered and two, Barabasz (Barabash) and Tatarczuk (Tatarchuk), are murdered by the Brotherhood of Cossacks.
Tuhaj-bej (Tugay Bey), the Tartar leader, is given Jan as a ransom captive and news arrives that the Great Hetman, Mikołaj Potocki (Pototski), has sent his son Stefan (Stephen) with his army against the Brotherhood, so Chmielnicki is chosen as their leader.
Krzeszowski (Krechovski), a Cossack, is sent to support Potocki but is won over by talks with Chmielnicki and massacres the German mercenaries who refuse to support his betrayal.
At Żółte Wody (Zhovti Vody) the Polish hussars become bogged down in the soft mud and cannot attack on the second day of the battle, so Chmielnicki wins it and another at Kruta Bałka (Krutaya Balka).
However, Zagłoba, who accompanied him, spirited her away after Bohun was wounded by Mikołaj (Nicholas), one of the old Princess' sons.
At a village named Demianówka (Demianovka), Zagłoba persuades the villagers to flee to Chmielnicki's force taking himself and Helena with them.
Zagłoba eventually decides the safest place is on the right bank of the Dnieper and, just as they are crossing, Bohun's Cossacks appear at the river's bank but it is too late to stop the runaways.
They eventually cross the Dnieper and go through the Pripet Marshes, and reach the region of revolt where they wreak revenge on the Cossacks.
The Brotherhood meet to determine how to respond and eventually Maksim Krzywonos (Krivonos) agrees to lead a 60,000 army to Machnówka (Makhnovka) to fight the Prince.
On his way back he attacks an outlaw camp and finds Zagłoba amongst them; he tells Jan Helena is safe in the castle in Bar.
The Polish army passes Konstantynów (Konstantinoff) and halts at Rosołowce (Rosolovtsi) where they are now joined by the German infantry fleeing from Chmielnicki.
Jeremi and his army rest at the castle of Zbaraż (Zbaraj) where, after much internal struggle, the Prince announces he will submit to the commanders appointed by the Commonwealth.
Helena threatens to stab herself when Bohun speaks to her about marriage, having tried to do so when she was captured at Bar.
Zagłoba is captured with his men by Bohun's Cossacks after they get drunk at a peasant wedding, but they are freed by Wołodyjowski and his troops.
The four Polish officers return to Jarmolińce (Yarmolintsi) and Zagłoba reveals that he overheard during his captivity that Helena is hidden somewhere between Jampol (Yampol) and Jahorlik (Yagorlik).
They make for Lwów (Lviv), where Prince Jeremi is elected leader of the Commonwealth forces, and continue to Zamość (Zamost) and afterwards to Warsaw with his wife, Princess Gryzelda (Griselda).
Zagłoba and Wołodyjowski now head to the castle and Wierszułł tells them that Skrzetuski is looking for Helena, travelling with some Armenian merchants to Jampol.
He ends up with Prince Korecki at Korets, where he lies ill. Rzędzian reappears and tells Zagłoba that Helena is actually hidden in a ravine at Waładynka river (Valadinka), to which he was sent by Bohun after Bohun was wounded by Kurcewicz.
Rzędzian escapes with Helena into a wood, while the two officers make a last stand, only to be rescued by Kuszel (Kushel) and Roztworowski (Roztvorovski) with two thousand horsemen.
In the ensuing fighting outside Zbaraż, Zagłoba is nearly captured by the Cossack leader Burłaj (Burlai), but instead kills his pursuer.
Huge assault towers are burnt to the ground by a sally led by Skrzetuski; in the action the Polish soldiers are nearly taken but are saved by the hussars.
His naked body is hung from an assault machine, which the Poles storm to cut him down so he can be given a military funeral.
Skrzetuski goes next and, working his way through the swamp, finally makes it through the tabor to Toporów (Toporov) and King Jan Kazimierz, who resolves to rescue Zabraż.
The victorious Polish army returns to Toporów and Skrzetuski and his colleagues ride out to meet the lady of Sandomierz (Sandomir), in whose carriage Helena is travelling.
Returning home, the whole happy party stops for a picnic at Grabowa (Grabovo) castle, which has been burnt, and Skrzetuski and his loved one are happily cheered by the soldiers.
Thus, another translation by Samuel A. Binion (who translated many other books by Sienkiewicz) was published by R. F. Fenno and Co. around the same time as Curtin's, but without Sienkiewicz's endorsement.
A modern translation was published in 1991 by W. S. Kuniczak, at the behest of the Copernicus Society of America, as part of a series of Polish classics in modern translation.
A massively multiplayer online game (MMOG, or more commonly, MMO) is an online game with large numbers of players, typically from hundreds to thousands, on the same server.
These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.
MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world.
These games predate the commercial gaming industry and the Internet, but still featured persistent worlds and other elements of MMOGs still used today.
As video game developers applied MMOG ideas to other computer and video game genres, new acronyms started to develop, such as MMORTS.
SmartCell Technology is in development of Shadow of Legend, which will allow gamers to continue their game on their mobile device when away from their PC.
The subscriber base dropped by 1 million after the expansion , bringing it to 9 million subscribers in 2010, though it remained the most popular Western title among MMOGs.
The result is often seen as an unwanted interaction between the real and virtual economies by the players and the provider of the virtual world.
A sign of this is CCP Games hiring the first real-life economist for its MMOG Eve Online to assist and analyze the virtual economy and production within this game.
The results of this interaction between the virtual economy, and our real economy, which is really the interaction between the company that created the game and the third-party companies that want a share of the profits and success of the game.
The company originating the game and the intellectual property argue that this is in violation of the terms and agreements of the game as well as copyright violation since they own the rights to how the online currency is distributed and through what channels.
The case that the third-party companies and their customers defend, is that they are selling and exchanging the time and effort put into the acquisition of the currency, not the digital information itself.
As a result, without external acquisition of virtual currency, some players are severely limited to being able to experience certain aspects of the game.
The practice of acquiring large volumes of virtual currency for the purpose of selling to other individuals for tangible and real currency is called gold farming.
Many players who have poured in all of their personal effort resent that there is this exchange between real and virtual economies since it devalues their own efforts.
In games that are substantially less popular and have a small player base, the enforcement of the elimination of 'gold farming' appears less often.
Companies in this situation most likely are concerned with their personal sales and subscription revenue over the development of their virtual economy, as they most likely have a higher priority to the games viability via adequate funding.
Games with an enormous player base, and consequently much higher sales and subscription income, can take more drastic actions more often and in much larger volumes.
This account banning could also serve as an economic gain for these large games, since it is highly likely that, due to demand, these 'gold farming' accounts will be recreated with freshly bought copies of the game.
In 2011, it was estimated that up to 100,000 people in China and Vietnam are playing online games to gather gold and other items for sale to Western players.
While this 'gold farming' is considered to ruin the game for actual players, many rely on 'gold farming' as their main source of income.
This may result in the player being unable to experience all content, as many of the most significant and potentially rewarding game experiences are events which require large and coordinated teams to complete.
MMOGs host a large number of players in a single game world, and all of those players can interact with each other at any given time.
Some say that it is the size of the game world and its capability to support a large number of players that should matter.
For example, despite technology and content constraints, most MMOGs can fit up to a few thousand players on a single game server at a time.
An early, successful entry into the field was VR-1 Entertainment whose Conductor platform was adopted and endorsed by a variety of service providers around the world including Sony Communications Network in Japan; the Bertelsmann Game Channel in Germany; British Telecom's Wireplay in England; and DACOM and Samsung SDS in South Korea.
Games that were powered by the Conductor platform included Fighter Wing, Air Attack, Fighter Ace, EverNight, Hasbro Em@ail Games (Clue, NASCAR and Soccer), Towers of Fallow, The SARAC Project, VR1 Crossroads and Rumble in the Void.
Typical MUDs and other predecessor games were limited to about 64 or 256 simultaneous player connections; this was a limit imposed by the underlying operating system, which was usually Unix-like.
Since a typical server can handle around 10,000–12,000 players, 4000–5000 active simultaneously, dividing the game into several servers has up until now been the solution.
Some MMORPGs are designed as a multiplayer browser game in order to reduce infrastructure costs and utilise a thin client that most users will already have installed.
These particular types of games are primarily made up of text and descriptions, although images are often used to enhance the game.
The addition of persistence in the game world means that these games add elements typically found in RPGs, such as experience points.
However, MMOFPS games emphasize player skill more than player statistics, as no number of in-game bonuses will compensate for a player's inability to aim and think tactically.
Players often assume the role of a general, king, or other type of figurehead leading an army into battle while maintaining the resources needed for such warfare.
The titles are often based in a sci-fi or fantasy universe and are distinguished from single or small-scale multiplayer RTSes by the number of players and common use of a persistent world, generally hosted by the game's publisher, which continues to evolve even when the player is offline.
They tend to be very specific to industries or activities of very large risk and huge potential loss, such as rocket science, airplanes, trucks, battle tanks, submarines etc.
While the current version is not quite a true simulated world, it is very complex and contains a large persistent world.
The MMOG genre of air traffic simulation is one example, with networks such as VATSIM and IVAO striving to provide rigorously authentic flight-simulation environments to players in both pilot and air traffic controller roles.
In this category of MMOGs, the objective is to create duplicates of the real world for people who cannot or do not wish to undertake those experiences in real life.
For example, flight simulation via an MMOG requires far less expenditure of time and money, is completely risk-free, and is far less restrictive (fewer regulations to adhere to, no medical exams to pass, and so on).
Another specialist area is mobile telecoms operator (carrier) business where billion-dollar investments in networks are needed but marketshares are won and lost on issues from segmentation to handset subsidies.
Telecoms senior executives who have taken the Equilibrium/Arbitrage simulation say it is the most intense, and most useful training they have ever experienced.
A massively multiplayer online sports game is a title where players can compete in some of the more traditional major league sports, such as football (soccer), basketball, baseball, hockey, golf or American football.
Other titles that qualify as MMOSG have been around since the early 2000s, but only after 2010 did they start to receive the endorsements of some of the official major league associations and players.
Many types of MMO games can be classified as casual, because they are designed to appeal to all computer users (as opposed to subgroup of frequent game buyers), or to fans of another game genre (such as collectible card games).
Alternate reality games (ARGs) can be massively multiplayer, allowing thousands of players worldwide to co-operate in puzzle trails and mystery solving.
ARGs take place in a unique mixture of online and real-world play that usually does not involve a persistent world, and are not necessarily multiplayer, making them different from MMOGs.
Massively multiplayer online music/rhythm games (MMORGs), sometimes called massively multiplayer online dance games (MMODGs), are MMOGs that are also music video games.
Instead of being based around combat, one could say that it was based around the creation of virtual objects, including models and scripts.
Infantry Online is an example multiplayer combat video game with sprite animation graphics, using complex soldier, ground vehicle and space-ship models on typically complex terrains developed by Sony online entertainment.
A P2P MMOG may potentially be more scalable and cheaper to build, but notable issues with P2P MMOGs include security and consistency control, which can be difficult to address given that clients are easily hacked.
As the field of MMOs grows larger each year, research has also begun to investigate the socio-informatic bind the games create for their users.
The topic most intriguing to the pair was to further understand the gameplay, as well as the virtual world serving as a social meeting place, of popular MMOs.
To further explore the effects of social capital and social relationships on MMOs, Steinkuehler and Williams combined conclusions from two different MMO research projects: sociocultural perspective on culture and cognition, and the other on media effects of MMOs.
His argument is challenged by Putnam (2000) who concluded that MMOs are well suited for the formation of bridging social capital, tentative relationships that lack in depth, because it is inclusive and serves as a sociological lubricant that is shown across the data collected in both of the research studies.
Therefore, MMOs have the capacity and the ability to serve as a community that effectively socializes users just like a coffee shop or pub, but conveniently in the comfort of their own home.
British online gamers are outspending their German and French counterparts according to a recently released study commissioned by Gamesindustry.com and TNS.
The UK MMO-market is now worth £195 million in 2009 compared to the £165 million and £145 million spent by German and French online gamers.
The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1995 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England (and until 2013 also Wales).
The Environment Agency's remit covers almost the whole of England, about 13 million hectares of land, of river and of coastline seawards to the three-mile limit which includes 2 million hectares of coastal waters.
In a sharing arrangement with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), it also exercises some of its functions over parts of the catchments of the River Tweed and the Border Esk which are, for the most part, in Scotland.
NRW staff exercise responsibility for parts of the River Dee (Wales) in England and EA staff exercise operational responsibility for those parts of the River Severn catchment in Wales.
Additional money is raised from the issuing of licences and permits such as abstraction licences, waste handler registrations, navigation rights and rod (fishing) licences and from licensing data for which the Agency is owner.
Funding for asset management and improvement and acquisition of flood risk management assets has traditionally come from local authorities via Flood Defence Committees.
In 2005 this was simplified by making a direct transfer from Treasury to the Environment Agency in the form of Flood Defence Grant in Aid.
Of that total, £629 million (61 per cent) was provided in the form of 'flood defence grant-in-aid' from government (£578 million for England and £50 million for Wales).
In addition, £347 million (34 per cent) was raised through statutory charging schemes and flood defence levies; and a further £50 million (5 per cent) came from other miscellaneous sources.
The Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has the lead sponsorship responsibility for the Environment Agency as a whole and is responsible for the appointment of the chairman and the Environment Agency Board.
In addition the Secretary of State is responsible for overall policy on the environment and sustainable development within which the Agency undertakes its work; the setting of objectives for the Agency's functions and its contribution to sustainable development; the approval of its budget and payment of Government grant to the Agency for its activities in England and approval of its regulatory and charging regimes.
It had responsibility for the whole of England and Wales but with specifically designated border arrangements with Scotland covering the catchment of the River Tweed.
It took over the roles and responsibilities of the National Rivers Authority (NRA), Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution (HMIP) and the waste regulation authorities in England and Wales including the London Waste Regulation Authority (LWRA).
At the same time, the Agency took responsibility for issuing flood warnings to the public, a role previously held by the police.
The building, which was designed by Alec French Architects, won the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment (BREEAM) Award for its environmentally friendly construction and operation which includes the use of sustainable materials, natural ventilation and cooling, photoelectric panels and rainwater harvesting.
An investigation into the fire found it was that result of workmen accidentally igniting the environmentally friendly cavity wall insulation on the ground floor and due to the design of the upward airflow the fire spread quickly in the inside of the wall leading to substantial smoke damage throughout.
The resulting internal document proposed additional standards for the handling of materials that offer environmental advantages but may be considered more susceptible to ignition.
On 1 April 2013, that part of the Environment Agency covering Wales was merged into Natural Resources Wales, a separate body managing the Welsh environment and natural resources.
These functions in relation to other rivers (defined as ordinary watercourses) in England are undertaken by Local Authorities or internal drainage boards.
The Environment Agency is also responsible for increasing public awareness of flood risk, flood forecasting and warning and has a general supervisory duty for flood risk management.
It is often not economically feasible or even desirable to prevent all forms of flooding in all locations, and so the Environment Agency uses its powers to reduce either the likelihood or consequences of flooding.
The Environment Agency is responsible for operating, maintaining and replacing an estimated £20 billion worth of flood risk management (FRM) installations.
According to a report by consultants in 2001, these are estimated to prevent annual average damage costs of approximately £3.5 billion.
The Agency also invests in improving or providing new installations in areas where there remains a high risk of flooding, particularly where, because of the possible consequences, the damage risk is the highest.
The Thames Barrier was completed long before the EA was created but more recent examples of major defences against coastal flooding include the Medmerry managed realignment scheme in West Sussex in 2013.
The Environment Agency provides flood forecasting and warning systems and maintains maps of areas liable to flood, as well as preparing emergency plans and responding when an event occurs.
The Environment Agency carries out an advisory function in development control – commenting on planning applications within flood risk areas, providing advice to assist planning authorities in ensuring that any development is carried out in line with the National Planning Policy Framework.
The agency provides technical advice on the flood risk assessment that must be submitted with most planning applications in flood risk areas.
The Agency also runs public awareness campaigns to inform those at risk who may be unaware that they live in an area that is prone to flooding, as well as providing information about what the flood warning codes and symbols mean and how to respond in the event of a flood.
Floodline covers England, Wales and Scotland but not Northern Ireland, and provides information and advice including property flood-risk checks, flood warnings, and flood preparation advice.
In partnership with the Met Office it runs the Flood Forecasting Centre (FFC) which provides warnings of flooding which may affect England and Wales.
The Agency is the main regulator of discharges to air, water, and land – under the provisions of a series of Acts of Parliament.
It does this through the issue of formal consents to discharge or, in the case of large, complex or potentially damaging industries by means of a permit.
Failure to comply with such a consent or permit or making a discharge without the benefit of a consent can lead to criminal prosecution.
Magistrates' Court can impose fines of up to £50,000 or 12 months imprisonment for each offence of causing or knowingly permitting pollution.
If prosecuted in the Crown Court, there is no limit on the amount of the fine and sentences of up to 5 years imprisonment may be imposed on those responsible for the pollution or on Directors of companies causing pollution.
This will soon include emissions from some large-scale agricultural activities, but air pollutant releases from many agricultural activities will continue to be unregulated.
The Agency works with local authorities, the Highways Agency and others to implement the UK government's air quality strategy in England as mandated in the Environment Act 1995.
The Environment Agency has an Air Quality Modelling and Assessment Unit (AQMAU) that aims to ensure that air quality assessments for permit applications, enforcement and air pollution incident investigations are consistent, of a high standard and based on sound science.
The Agency is the regulatory authority for all waste management activities including the licensing of sites such as landfill, incineration and recycling facilities.
The Agency issues Environmental Permits to waste management sites and any individuals or companies found to have caused pollution or have infringed their licence conditions can be prosecuted.
In serious cases the Environment Agency has the power to revoke the Environmental Permits issued to sites that contravene the conditions of their permits stopping all waste handling activities.
The Agency has a duty to maintain and improve the quality of surface waters and ground-waters and, as part of the duty, it monitors the quality of rivers, lakes, the sea and groundwater on a regular basis.
Much of this information is required by law under the provisions of a number of European Directives to be reported both to Parliament and to Europe and to be made public.
Some of these duties have been in force through predecessor agencies and as a consequence the Agency maintains some long term data sets which in some cases such as the Harmonised monitoring scheme exceed 30 years of consistent data collection.
The Agency manages the use and conservation of water through the issue of water abstraction licences for activities such as drinking water supply, artificial irrigation and hydro-electricity generation.
Its remit also extends into Scotland in the River Tweed and River Solway catchments where special arrangements exist with SEPA to avoid duplication but retain management on a catchment basis.
Complex arrangements exist for the management of river regulation reservoirs, which are used to store winter water in the wetter parts of England to maintain levels in the summer time so that there is sufficient water to supply the drier parts of the country with drinking water.
It uses the proceeds (approx £20M per annum) to maintain and improve the quality of fisheries in England by improving habitat.
After the Canal & River Trust, the Environment Agency is the second largest navigation authority in the United Kingdom managing navigation for of England's rivers.
The Agency's lock-keepers maintain and operate systems of sluices, weirs and locks to manage water-levels for navigation, and where necessary to control flooding.
The Agency's responsibilities include the non-tidal River Thames, the Medway Navigation, River Wye and River Lugg, the Royal Military Canal and the Fens and Anglian systems.
The Environment Agency is organising the Fens Waterways Link a major construction project to link rivers in the Fens and Anglian Systems for navigation.
Action, in several policy areas, is directed towards business and commerce at all levels, children in education, the general public and Government and local government.
In local government planning processes, the Environment Agency is a statutory consultee on all planning matters from County Strategic plans down to individual planning applications.
For many years the Agency has been offering strong advice against the development of land in floodplains because of the risk of flooding.
Whilst in some instances, this advice may not have been appreciated in its entirety, in a large number of cases this advice has been used to reach decisions on planning applications.
Until the formation of the Environment Agency, the Government took specialist advice on the management of the environment from civil servants employed in appropriate ministries.
Since the establishment of the Environment Agency several major flood events have occurred and the Agency has been the target of criticism.
At Easter 1998, the equivalent of one months rain fell in the Midlands in 24 hours and flooding caused £400m damage and five deaths.
In the light of criticism, the Agency commissioned a report from a review team under the Chairmanship of Peter Bye, a former chief executive of Suffolk CC.
The report concluded that in many respects, the Environment Agency's policies, plans and operational arrangements were sound, and that staff did their best in extreme circumstances, but there were instances of unsatisfactory planning, inadequate warnings for the public, incomplete defences and poor co-ordination with emergency services.
In the Autumn 2000 floods, damage was reduced by flood defences and by timely warnings and evacuations where the defences could not hold back the water.
As a result, 280,000 properties were protected from the floods, but over 10,000 properties were still flooded at an estimated cost of £1 billion.
The review was to consider methods of estimating and reducing flood risk and look at whether flood risk management could make more use of natural processes.
More broadly, the report noted that sustainable flood risk management could only be achieved by working with the natural response of the river basin and by providing the necessary storage, flow reduction and discharge capacity.
On 15 June 2007 the National Audit Office produced a report on the performance of the Environment Agency with respect to its administrative targets and information systems.
The report highlighted that the Environment Agency had not reached its targets for maintaintaining flood defence systems and producing catchment area plans, and that since 2001 the general conditions of assets had not improved significantly.
Issuing a strong response, the chief executive rejected the charge that the Environment Agency has massively failed, as alleged in the commons public accounts committee, noting that in the last seven years, defences had been created to protect 100,000 homes in floodplains, numbers receiving flood warning had dramatically increased and greatly improved flood mapping and forecasting had been implemented.
Following the 2007 United Kingdom floods, which left 13 people dead, 44,600 homes flooded and caused £3bn damage, Defra announced an independent review by Sir Michael Pitt.
Of these, thirteen were directed at the Environment Agency, the first of which stated that the Environment Agency should take on a national overview of all flood risk (2).
It recommended the Environment Agency should further develop its modelling tools and techniques working with its partners on such (4)(5), and also make flood visualisation data more accessible (36)(37).
The Agency should provide a more specific flood warning system for infrastructure operators (33), work with local responders to raise awareness in flood risk areas (61) and work with telecoms companies to roll out telephone flood warning schemes.
After the 2007 floods, the present organisation of flood management in England and Wales, with a large number of separate bodies responsible for different components, was called into question.
On leaving her post as CEO in June 2008 Barbara Young responded to these suggestions, predicting that the Pitt report was unlikely to recommend the break-up of the Environment Agency.
The Environment Agency and its then chair Chris Smith was involved with a row with Environment Secretary Owen Paterson and other members of the government, and landowners and residents in Somerset.
The Environment Agency, responsible for main river maintenance, was criticised for failures which led to flooding following a period of heavy rainfall in December 2015 (Storm Desmond, Storm Eva) across northern England and parts of Scotland.
This wasn't a decision taken lightly however, there was a strong chance the barrier could have broken down while closed leading to a much greater risk of flooding.
In the days following the floods, it was reported that Agency staff responsible for protecting the UK from flooding were paid almost £300,000 in bonuses or received large payoffs in 2015, including the Environment Agency's publicity chief who led the press team who tried to cover-up their Chairman's absence; Pam Gilder quit with a £112,000 pay-off.
The extent of damage caused in such a short period across wide areas has brought into focus the overall performance of UK central government flood defence strategies.
These are incremental and often sensible, but typically fail to address the core issues and hence provide only a temporary respite.
The conventional approach to flood defence, carried out by the Environment Agency (EA), and financed largely by the Treasury, is at best inefficient.
In the aftermath of the fall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1767, attempts were made to set up five separate states, with Prince Teppipit, a son of king Boromakot, attempting to establish Phimai as one, holding sway over eastern provinces including Nakhon Ratchasima.
The temple Prasat Hin Phimai, in the center of the town, was one of the major Khmer temples in what is now Thailand, connected with Angkor by the Khmer highway, and oriented so as to face Angkor as its cardinal direction.
Jeffrey Daryl Friesen (born August 5, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played over 800 games in the National Hockey League.
He spent roughly half his NHL career with the San Jose Sharks, who drafted him in 1994; he spent the remainder of his career with the Anaheim Ducks, New Jersey Devils, Washington Capitals, and Calgary Flames.
Friesen played his junior years with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League (WHL) where he was Rookie of the Year in 1993.
He played 14 season in the NHL as a winger, originally as a left winger but also as a right winger.
Friesen played nearly seven seasons with the Sharks, becoming their 3rd all-time leading scorer, but was traded to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim near the end of the 2000–01 season.
After playing the following season with the Ducks, he was traded to the New Jersey Devils for the 2002–03 season where he won the Stanley Cup.
In the Eastern Conference Finals against the Ottawa Senators that year, Friesen scored the game-winning goal with just under three minutes left in regulation in Game 7.
On September 26, 2005, the salary cap troubled Devils traded Friesen to the Washington Capitals in exchange for a conditional 2006 draft pick.
On March 9, 2006, he was moved again to the Ducks for a second-round draft pick, but spent a significant part of the 2005–06 season sidelined with a groin injury.
Friesen was signed by the Calgary Flames on July 5, 2006 to a 1-year $1.6 million contract for the 2006–07 season.
After a disappointing season that had Friesen producing six goals and six assists in seventy-two games, the Calgary Flames chose not to re-sign him.
He played in the AHL as a left wing for the Lake Erie Monsters before January 29, 2008, when Friesen was released.
On October 9, 2008, Sharks Executive Vice President and General Manager Doug Wilson announced that Friesen had been released from training camp.
On February 21, 2015 he returned to San Jose (Santa Clara) where he was introduced along with several other former Shark players before the outdoor Stadium Series game vs. the L.A. Kings at Levi Stadium in Santa Clara.
A nonvolatile acid (also known as a fixed acid or metabolic acid) is an acid produced in the body from sources other than carbon dioxide, and is not excreted by the lungs.
Gavrilov-Yam () is a town and the administrative center of Gavrilov-Yamsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Kotorosl River.
As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Gavrilov-Yam is incorporated within Gavrilov-Yamsky Municipal District as Gavrilov-Yam Urban Settlement.
Thomas Blount (May 10, 1759 – February 7, 1812) was served as a Lieutenant in the North Carolina Line and as an Adjutant General to Major General Richard Caswell in the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War.
After the war, he served as a representative in the North Carolina General Assembly and served three terms in U.S. Representative from the 5th Congressional District in North Carolina.
Together, they ran the Blount Brothers mercantile business, which was one of the largest in North Carolina and based in Washington, North Carolina.
In 1777 at the age of 16, Blount entered the Continental Army's 5th North Carolina Regiment during the American Revolutionary War.
He was dropped from the rolls in January 1778, since he was captured during the conflicts (most likely the Battle of Germantown).
In 1780, he was back in North Carolina and served as Adjutant General to Major General Richard Caswell in the North Carolina militia.
Dissociation is any of a wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experiences.
The major characteristic of all dissociative phenomena involves a detachment from reality, rather than a loss of reality as in psychosis.
In mild cases, dissociation can be regarded as a coping mechanism or defense mechanisms in seeking to master, minimize or tolerate stress – including boredom or conflict.
More pathological dissociation involves dissociative disorders, including dissociative fugue and depersonalization disorder with or without alterations in personal identity or sense of self.
These alterations can include: a sense that self or the world is unreal (depersonalization and derealization); a loss of memory (amnesia); forgetting identity or assuming a new self (fugue); and separate streams of consciousness, identity and self (dissociative identity disorder, formerly termed multiple personality disorder) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
Dissociative disorders are sometimes triggered by trauma, but may be preceded only by stress, psychoactive substances, or no identifiable trigger at all.
However, in the normal population, dissociative experiences that are not clinically significant are highly prevalent with 60% to 65% of the respondents indicating that they have had some dissociative experiences.
Dissociation has been described as one of a constellation of symptoms experienced by some victims of multiple forms of childhood trauma, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse.
Dissociation appears to have a high specificity and a low sensitivity to having a self-reported history of trauma, which means that dissociation is much more common among those who are traumatized, yet at the same time there are many people who have suffered from trauma but who do not show dissociative symptoms.
Adult dissociation when combined with a history of child abuse and otherwise interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to contribute to disturbances in parenting behavior, such as exposure of young children to violent media.
It has been hypothesized that dissociation may provide a temporarily effective defense mechanism in cases of severe trauma; however, in the long term, dissociation is associated with decreased psychological functioning and adjustment.
Child abuse, especially chronic abuse starting at early ages, has been related to high levels of dissociative symptoms in a clinical sample, including amnesia for abuse memories.
It has also been seen that girls who suffered abuse during their childhood had higher reported dissociation scores than did boys who reported dissociation during their childhood.
A non-clinical sample of adult women linked increased levels of dissociation to sexual abuse by a significantly older person prior to age 15, and dissociation has also been correlated with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse.
A 2012 review article supports the hypothesis that current or recent trauma may affect an individual's assessment of the more distant past, changing the experience of the past and resulting in dissociative states.
Substances with dissociative properties include ketamine, nitrous oxide, alcohol, tiletamine, amphetamine, dextromethorphan, MK-801, PCP, methoxetamine, salvia, muscimol, atropine, ibogaine, and minocycline.
Janet claimed that dissociation occurred only in persons who had a constitutional weakness of mental functioning that led to hysteria when they were stressed.
Although it is true that many of Janet's case histories described traumatic experiences, he never considered dissociation to be a defense against those experiences.
Although there was great interest in dissociation during the last two decades of the nineteenth century (especially in France and England), this interest rapidly waned with the coming of the new century.
There was a sharp peak in interest in dissociation in America from 1890 to 1910, especially in Boston as reflected in the work of William James, Boris Sidis, Morton Prince, and William McDougall.
Despite this, a review of 76 previously published cases (from 1790's – 1942), was published in 1944, describing clinical phenomena consistent with that seen by Janet and by therapists today.
The authors of this article included leading thinkers of their time – John G. Watkins (who developed Ego-state therapy) and Zygmunt A. Piotrowski (famed for his work on the Rorschach test).
He theorized that dissociation is a natural necessity for consciousness to operate in one faculty unhampered by the demands of its opposite.
Attention to dissociation as a clinical feature has been growing in recent years as knowledge of post-traumatic stress disorder increased, due to interest in dissociative identity disorder, and as neuroimaging research and population studies show its relevance.
Historically the psychopathological concept of dissociation has also another different root: the conceptualization of Eugen Bleuler that looks into dissociation related to schizophrenia.
To start off treatment, time is dedicated to increasing a patient's mental level and adaptive actions in order to gain a balance in both their mental and behavioral action.
Once this is achieved, the next goal is to work on removing or minimizing the phobia made by traumatic memories, which is causing the patient to dissociate.
The final step of treatment includes helping patients work through their grief in order to move forward and be able to engage in their own lives.
Jesse Marvin Unruh (September 30, 1922 – August 4, 1987), also known as Big Daddy Unruh, was an American Democratic politician and the California State Treasurer.
During 1959, he wrote California's Unruh Civil Rights Act, which outlawed discrimination by businesses that offer services to the public and was a model for later reforms enacted nationally during the 1960s and 1970s.
Unruh was Speaker of the California State Assembly from 1961 to 1969 and a delegate to Democratic National Convention from California in 1960 and 1968.
After an unsuccessful effort, managed by Unruh and Mayor Richard J. Daley of Chicago, to draft Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Unruh released California delegates to vote their conscience and announced that he would support Eugene McCarthy at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
One of his campaign workers was Timothy Kraft, who a decade later was the campaign manager for the unsuccessful reelection bid of President Jimmy Carter.
California pension funds were a major source of revenue for Wall Street underwriting companies, and Unruh secured campaign contributions in exchange for doing business with them.
He served as state treasurer from 1975 until his death from prostate cancer on August 4, 1987, 8 months into his 4th term as treasurer.
Unruh remains the second longest-serving California State Treasurer behind only Charles G. Johnson (who served 33 years between 1923 and 1956).
The California State Assembly Fellowship Program was renamed the Jesse Marvin Unruh Assembly Fellowship Program to honor the former Assembly Speaker and State Treasurer.
In legal usage throughout the English-speaking world, an act of God is a natural hazard outside human control, such as an earthquake or tsunami, for which no person can be held responsible.
In the law of contracts, an act of God may be interpreted as an implied defense under the rule of impossibility or impracticability.
If so, the promise is discharged because of unforeseen occurrences, which were unavoidable and would result in insurmountable delay, expense, or other material breach.
Under the English common law, contractual obligations were deemed sacrosanct, so failure to honour a contract could lead to an order for specific performance or internment in a debtor's prison.
In this case, a music hall was burned down by act of God before a contract of hire could be fulfilled, and the court deemed the contract frustrated.
Such events are possibly threatening the legal status of acts of God and may establish liabilities where none existed until now.
For example, a long-haul truck driver takes a shortcut on a back road and the load is lost when the road is destroyed in an unforeseen flood.
The region was soon flooded by heavy rains, nearly bursting the reservoir's dam, killing nearly 20 people, destroying 110 bridges (leaving 2), knocking out telephone and telegraph lines, and causing an estimated $3.5 million in damage in total.
Carmen Laforet (Barcelona 6 September 1921 – Madrid, 28 February 2004) was a Spanish author who wrote in the period after the Spanish Civil War.
Laforet was born in Barcelona, Spain, but at the age of 2 she moved with her family to the Canary Islands where she spent her childhood.
At age 12 she suffered the loss of her mother, and her father subsequently married a woman disliked by Laforet and her siblings (unsavory experiences portrayed in much of her literature).
In 1939 at the age of 18, Laforet left for Barcelona where she studied Philosophy at the University of Barcelona while living with relatives.
Like Salinger, Laforet maintained a very distrustful relationship with her critics, especially after she struggled to match the outstanding critical acclaim of her first novel.
In February 2007, as a commemoration of the third anniversary of her death, the Editorial Menoscuarto published for the first time a compilation of all her short stories, including five previously unpublished stories.
In 2011 she was awarded, posthumously, with the Can de Plata de Gran Canaria, in the category of Arts, given by the Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria.
There are some streets with her name in Estepona (Málaga), in the neighborhood of Aguas Vivas (Guadalajara), in Majadahonda, in Torrejon de Ardoz and in the neighborhood of Soto del Henares (Madrid).
Some streets in the towns of Las Palmas and San Bartolomé de Tirajana on the island of Gran Canaria were also named Carmen Laforet.
Because of the censorship of those years, thirty minutes of the film were cut and many of the scenes shot in Barcelona were obliterated.
Later, in 1956, Argentina brought to the big screen what would be an adaptation of the novel Nada, a black and white drama directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson.
The main character of this work is Paulina, a woman who goes from criticizing the Church to practicing the Catholic religion, a change she chooses on her own.
Paulina stopped having a sinful life, as she had a son born out of wedlock and she also had a relationship with another man.
This could be due to the religious belief of the author, because in the correspondence that remained for a long time with writer Ramon J. Sender, she claims to believe in God.
This author could be considered the precursor of the detective novel in Spain because, although currently this is a rising genre and it was started some time ago, she had done it thirty years earlier than other authors.
In Laforet's works, several aspects of the society in which she lived can also be glimpsed, specially in the beginning, when the political system was the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.
The Aroostook River is a tributary of the Saint John River in the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
In the late 1830s, the territory comprising the river's drainage area was the scene of the Aroostook War, a boundary dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom.
The river rises in northeastern Maine from the confluence of Millinocket Stream and Munsungan Stream in Maine Township 8, Range 8, WELS, in northern Penobscot County.
Poshekhonye () is a town and the administrative center of Poshekhonsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Sogozha River, northwest of Yaroslavl, the administrative center of the oblast.
As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Poshekhonye is incorporated within Poshekhonsky Municipal District as Poshekhonye Urban Settlement.
The original cheese factory in the city is currently no longer operating, although plans were made in 2007 to re-open it.
José Francisco Barrundia y Cepeda (May 12, 1787, Guatemala City – August 4, 1854, New York City) was a liberal Central American politician.
He was a populist member of the Central American Congress and in his later career he served as minister plenipotentiary of Honduras in New York City.
In 1825 he was elected the first vice president of the United Provinces of Central America, under Manuel José Arce, but he declined the office.
With the fall of Arce and the triumph of Morazán, Barrundia became interim president of the United Provinces (July 1829), with a mandate to organize elections.
Đồng Nai () is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).
Đồng Nai is situated in southeastern Vietnam and bordered by: Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, Bình Dương and Bình Phước, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, and Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).
Đồng Nai province has an advanced traffic system with many backbone national roads crossing, such as: National route 1A, national route 20, National route 51, North–South railway lines; Located adjacent to the Saigon Port and Tan Son Nhat International Airport, it offers many advantages to economic activities in the area.
Its location is very important for the development of the Southern economic main hub and a junction of the South Eastern and Tây Nguyên Highland.
Đồng Nai Province is based essentially on the system of lakes, dams and rivers, of which Trị An Lake with 323 km² and over 60 rivers, rivulets and canals are very favorable for the development of a number of aquatic products: raft bred fish and shrimp.
The seasonal tropical forests are protected in Cát Tiên National Park, located on the north of Đồng Nai and the adjacent Vĩnh Cửu Nature Reserve; the former has been recognized internationally as a significant biosphere reserve.
From the mountainous area, Đồng Nai River, Vietnam's largest internal waterway, flows southeast through Biên Hòa City, Ho Chi Minh City, and villages along its way.
The rainy season lasts from March or April to November and the dry season from December to March or April of the following year.
On average, the weather is sunny for 4.0-9.5 hours a day and does not exceed 11.5 hours per day, even on the hottest and sunniest days.
Total rainy days within a year are between 120 and 170 days (standard level of tropical region is 150–160 days) with total rainfall of some 1,500 - 2,750 mm.
The average humidity is around 80 - 82% and humidity in the dry season is 10-12%, lower than that of the rainy season; humidity varies considerably between areas.
Đồng Nai Province's weather with regular sunshine, rain, and high humidity, equally found in the localities, facilitates agricultural production and development of industry and cultural and tourism activities.
Its population has been growing rapidly in recent years, mainly driven by migrant workers coming to the province to work in factories.
The population of Đồng Nai is primarily the dominant Kinh (Viet) ethnicity, although there are residents of the Chinese, Stieng, Mạ, Nùng, Tay, and Cham minorities.
National highways in the province have a total length of 244.5 km and have been improved and widened up to level 1 and 2 standards (National Highway No 5 and 6) or up to third grade like National Highway No 20 to Đà Lạt.
Under scheme in the near future, highways to Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province and Ho Chi Minh City, a railway connecting Biên Hòa to Vũng Tàu, upgraded provincial roads No 726 and connecting national highway No 20 and No 1 with national highway No 51 will create a complete system, promoting socioeconomic development in the province and region.
A new airport, Long Thanh International Airport, is planned for construction in Long Thanh district, Đồng Nai, approximately 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City.
Cereals were grown on 118,600ha in 2011, an area that has been decreasing gradually in recent years, from 139,300ha in 2005.
The province also produced 305,300t of maize, making it the largest producer of maize outside the country's mountainous regions and contributing 6.3% to the national maize output.
It has attracted 9.1% of FDI into Vietnam by 2011, an accumulated US$18.2 billion, the fourth largest after Ho Chi Minh City, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province and Hanoi.
General Manuel José Arce y Fagoaga (January 1, 1787 in San Salvador – December 14, 1847 in San Salvador) was a decorated General and president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829, followed by Francisco Morazán.
Manuel José Arce was the son of Spaniard Bernardo José de Arce, the Colonial Intendent of the Province of San Salvador from 1800 until 1801, and Antonia Fagoaga.
He began the study of medicine at the Universidad de San Carlos de Borromeo, but it was interrupted because of his father's sickness.
In April 1822 Manuel Arzú, in command of Guatemalan troops supporting Mexico, occupied the cities of Santa Ana, El Salvador, and Sonsonate.
On 1829 Arce called Vice President Mariano Beltranena y Llano to temporarily exercise the presidency, but when Arce wanted to resume it, Beltranena refused and remained in office until April 1829 where the liberals troops entered Guatemala City and overthrew his administration.
In 1832 he was in Soconusco in Mexico, where he organized a military expedition against the federal government of Francisco Morazán.
On November 28, 1947 the Legislature elevated the town of El Chilamatal to a city, renaming it in the process city of Ciudad Arce.
Sven Anders Hedin, KNO1kl RVO, (19 February 1865 – 26 November 1952) was a Swedish geographer, topographer, explorer, photographer, travel writer, and illustrator of his own works.
During four expeditions to Central Asia, he made the Transhimalaya known in the West and located sources of the Brahmaputra, Indus and Sutlej Rivers.
He also mapped lake Lop Nur, and the remains of cities, grave sites and the Great Wall of China in the deserts of the Tarim Basin.
While traveling, Hedin visited Turkey, the Caucasus, Tehran, Iraq, lands of the Kyrgyz people and the Russian Far East, India, China and Japan.
At 15 years of age, Hedin witnessed the triumphal return of the Arctic explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld after his first navigation of the Northern Sea Route.
His studies under the German geographer and China expert, Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen, awakened a love of Germany in Hedin and strengthened his resolve to undertake expeditions to Central Asia in order to explore the last uncharted areas of Asia.
After obtaining a doctorate, learning several languages and dialects, and undertaking two trips through Persia, he ignored the advice of Ferdinand von Richthofen to continue his geographic studies in order to acquaint himself with geographical research methodology; the result was that Hedin had to leave the evaluation of his expedition results later to other scientists.
Between 1894 and 1908, in three daring expeditions through the mountains and deserts of Central Asia, he mapped and researched parts of Chinese Turkestan (officially Xinjiang) and Tibet which had been unexplored until then.
In 1902, he became the last Swede (to date) to be raised to the untitled nobility and was considered one of Sweden's most important personalities.
As a member of two scientific academies, he had a voice in the selection of Nobel Prize winners for both science and literature.
Although primarily an explorer, he was also the first to unearth the ruins of ancient Buddhist cities in Chinese Central Asia.
However, as his main interest in archaeology was finding ancient cities, he had little interest in gathering data thorough scientific excavations.
Of small stature, with a bookish, bespectacled appearance, Hedin nevertheless proved himself a determined explorer, surviving several close brushes with death from hostile forces and the elements over his long career.
His scientific documentation and popular travelogues, illustrated with his own photographs, watercolor paintings and drawings, his adventure stories for young readers and his lecture tours abroad made him world-famous.
As a renowned expert on Turkestan and Tibet, he was able to obtain unrestricted access to European and Asian monarchs and politicians as well as to their geographical societies and scholarly associations.
They all sought to purchase his exclusive knowledge about the power vacuum in Central Asia with gold medals, diamond-encrusted grand crosses, honorary doctorates and splendid receptions, as well as with logistic and financial support for his expeditions.
Hedin, in addition to Nikolai Przhevalsky, Sir Francis Younghusband, and Sir Aurel Stein, was an active player in the British-Russian struggle for influence in Central Asia, known as the Great Game.
Hedin was and remained a figure of the 19th century who clung to its visions and methods also in the 20th century.
This prevented him from discerning the fundamental social and political upheavals of the 20th century and aligning his thinking and actions accordingly.
In World War I he specifically allied himself in his publications with the German monarchy and its conduct of the war.
Because of this political involvement, his scientific reputation was damaged among Germany's wartime enemies, along with his memberships in their geographical societies and learned associations, as well as any support for his planned expeditions.
After a less-than-successful lecture tour in 1923 through North America and Japan, he traveled on to Beijing to carry out an expedition to Chinese Turkestan (modern Xinjiang), but the region's unstable political situation thwarted this intention.
With financial support from the governments of Sweden and Germany, he led, between 1927 and 1935, an international and interdisciplinary Sino-Swedish Expedition to carry out scientific investigations in Mongolia and Chinese Turkestan, with the participation of 37 scientists from six countries.
Despite Chinese counter-demonstrations and after months of negotiations in China, was he able to make the expedition also a Chinese one by obtaining Chinese research commissions and the participation of Chinese scientists.
He also concluded a contract which guaranteed freedom of travel for this expedition which, because of its arms, 300 camels, and activities in a war theater, resembled an invading army.
The archaeological artifacts which had been sent to Sweden were scientifically assessed for three years, after which they were returned to China under the terms of the contract.
Starting in 1937, the scientific material assembled during the expedition was published in over 50 volumes by Hedin and other expedition participants, thereby making it available for worldwide research on eastern Asia.
When he ran out of money to pay printing costs, he pawned his extensive and valuable library, which filled several rooms, making possible the publication of additional volumes.
In 1935, Hedin made his exclusive knowledge about Central Asia available, not only to the Swedish government, but also to foreign governments such as China and Germany, in lectures and personal discussions with political representatives of Chiang Kai-shek and Adolf Hitler.
Although he was not a National Socialist, Hedin's hope that Nazi Germany would protect Scandinavia from invasion by the Soviet Union, brought him in dangerous proximity to representatives of National Socialism, who exploited him as an author.
However, in correspondence and personal conversations with leading Nazis, his successful intercessions achieved the pardoning of ten people condemned to death and the release or survival of Jews who had been deported to Nazi concentration camps.
Although Hedin's research was taboo in Germany and Sweden because of his conduct relating to Nazi Germany, and stagnated for decades in Germany, the scientific documentation of his expeditions was translated into Chinese by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and incorporated into Chinese research.
Following recommendations made by Hedin to the Chinese government in 1935, the routes he selected were used to construct streets and train tracks, as well as dams and canals to irrigate new farms being established in the Tarim and Yanji basins in Xinjiang and the deposits of iron, manganese, oil, coal and gold discovered during the Sino-Swedish Expedition were opened up for mining.
Among the discoveries of this expedition should also be counted the many Asian plants and animals unheard of until that date, as well as fossil remains of dinosaurs and other extinct animals.
But one discovery remained unknown to Chinese researchers until the turn of the millennium: in the Lop Nur desert, Hedin discovered in 1933 and 1934 ruins of signal towers which prove that the Great Wall of China once extended as far west as Xinjiang.
From 1931 until his death in 1952, Hedin lived in Stockholm in a modern high-rise in a preferred location, the address being Norr Mälarstrand 66.
He lived with his siblings in the upper three stories and from the balcony he had a wide view over Riddarfjärden Bay and Lake Mälaren to the island of Långholmen.
In the entryway to the stairwell is to be found a decorative stucco relief map of Hedin's research area in Central Asia and a relief of the Lama temple, a copy of which he had brought to Chicago for the 1933 World's Fair.
On 29 October 1952, Hedin's will granted the rights to his books and his extensive personal effects to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; the Sven Hedin Foundation established soon thereafter holds all the rights of ownership.
The memorial service was attended by representatives of the Swedish royal household, the Swedish government, the Swedish Academy, and the diplomatic service.
When he was 15 years old Hedin witnessed the triumphal return of the Swedish Arctic explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld after his first navigation of the Northern Sea Route.
He then accepted an offer to accompany the student Erhard Sandgren as his private tutor to Baku, where Sandgren's father was working as an engineer in the oil fields of Robert Nobel.
Afterward he attended a course in topography for general staff officers for one month in summer 1885 and took a few weeks of instruction in portrait drawing; this comprised his entire training in those areas.
On 15 August 1885, he traveled to Baku with Erhard Sandgren and instructed him there for seven months, and he himself began to learn the Latin, French, German, Persian, Russian, English and Tatar languages.
On 6 April 1886, Hedin left Baku for Iran (then called Persia), traveling by paddle steamer over the Caspian Sea, riding through the Alborz Range to Tehran, Esfahan, Shiraz and the harbor city of Bushehr.
From there he took a ship up the Tigris River to Baghdad (then in Ottoman Empire), returning to Tehran via Kermanshah, and then travelling through the Caucasus and over the Black Sea to Constantinople.
From 1886 to 1888, Hedin studied under the geologist Waldemar Brøgger in Stockholm and Uppsala the subjects of geology, mineralogy, zoology and Latin.
On 12 May 1890, he accompanied as interpreter and vice-consul a Swedish legation to Iran which was to present the Shah of Iran with the insignia of the Order of the Seraphim.
Starting in September he traveled on the Silk Road via cities Mashhad, Ashgabat, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent and Kashgar to the western outskirts of the Taklamakan Desert.
On the trip home, he visited the grave of the Russian Asian scholar, Nikolai Przhevalsky in Karakol on the shore of Lake Issyk Kul.
I can only come to the conclusion that Sven [Hedin] received his doctorate when he was 27 years old after studying for a grand total of only eight months and collecting primary material for one-and-a-half days on the snow-clad peak of Mount Damavand.
Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen not only encouraged Hedin to absolve cursory studies, but also to become thoroughly acquainted with all branches of geographic science and the methodologies of the salient research work, so that he could later work as an explorer.
I had gotten out onto the wild routes of Asia too early, I had perceived too much of the splendor and magnificence of the Orient, the silence of the deserts and the loneliness of long journeys.
He was attracted to the idea of traveling to the last mysterious portions of Asia and filling in the gaps by mapping an area completely unknown in Europe.
As an explorer, Hedin became important for the Asian and European powers, who courted him, invited him to give numerous lectures, and hoped to obtain from him in return topographic, economic and strategic information about inner Asia, which they considered part of their sphere of influence.
As the era of discovery came to a close around 1920, Hedin contented himself with organizing the Sino-Swedish Expedition for qualified scientific explorers.
Between 1893 and 1897, Hedin investigated the Pamir Mountains, travelling through the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang region, across the Taklamakan Desert, Lake Kara-Koshun and Lake Bosten, proceeding to study northern Tibet.
He started out on this expedition on 16 October 1893, from Stockholm, traveling via Saint Petersburg and Tashkent to the Pamir Mountains.
He remained in Kashgar until April 1895 and then left on 10 April with three local escorts from the village of Merket in order to cross the Taklamakan Desert via Tusluk to the Khotan River.
Since their water supply was insufficient, seven camels died of thirst, as did two of his escorts (according to Hedin's dramatized and probably inaccurate account).
Bruno Baumann traveled on this route in April 2000 with a camel caravan and ascertained that at least one of the escorts who, according to Hedin, had died of thirst had survived, and that it is impossible for a camel caravan traveling in springtime on this route to carry enough drinking water for both camels and travelers.
According to other sources, Hedin had neglected to completely fill the drinking water containers for his caravan at the beginning of the expedition and set out for the desert with only half as much water as could actually be carried.
Obsessed by his urge to carry out his research, Hedin deserted the caravan and proceeded alone on horseback with his servant.
When that escort also collapsed from thirst, Hedin left him behind as well, but managed to reach a water source at the last desperate moment.
In January 1896, after a stopover in Kashgar, Hedin visited the 1,500-year-old abandoned cities of Dandan Oilik and Kara Dung, which are located northeast of Khotan in the Taklamakan Desert.
On 29 June, he started out from there with his caravan across northern Tibet and China to Beijing, where he arrived on 2 March 1897.
Hedin navigated the Yarkand, Tarim and Kaidu rivers and found the dry riverbed of the Kum-darja as well as the dried out lake bed of Lop Nur.
Near Lop Nur, he discovered the ruins of the former walled royal city and later Chinese garrison town of Loulan, containing the brick building of the Chinese military commander, a stupa, and 19 dwellings built of poplar wood.
He also found a wooden wheel from a horse-drawn cart (called an arabas) as well as several hundred documents written on wood, paper and silk in the Kharosthi script.
These provided information about the history of the city of Loulan, which had once been located on the shores of Lop Nur but had been abandoned around the year 330 CE because the lake had dried out, depriving the inhabitants of drinking water.
During his travels in 1900 and 1901 he attempted in vain to reach the city of Lhasa, which was forbidden to Europeans.
From Leh, Hedin's route took him to Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Lucknow, Benares to Calcutta, meeting there with George Nathaniel Curzon, England's then Viceroy to India.
Between 1905 and 1908, Hedin investigated the Central Iranian desert basins, the western highlands of Tibet and the Transhimalaya, which for a time was afterward called the Hedin Range.
Hedin was the first European to reach the Kailash region, including the sacred Lake Manasarovar and Mount Kailash, the midpoint of the earth according to Buddhist and Hindu mythology.
The most important goal of the expedition was the search for the sources of the Indus and Brahmaputra Rivers, both of which Hedin found.
He returned from this expedition with a collection of geological samples which are kept and studied in the Bavarian State Collection of Paleontology and Geology of Munich University.
These sedimentary rocks—such as breccia, conglomerate, limestone, and slate, as well as volcanic rock and granite—highlight the geological diversity of the regions visited by Hedin during this expedition.
Between 1927 and 1935, Hedin led an international Sino-Swedish Expedition which investigated the meteorological, topographic and prehistoric situation in Mongolia, the Gobi Desert and Xinjiang.
Hedin described it as a peripatetic university in which the participating scientists worked almost independently, while he—like a local manager—negotiated with local authorities, made decisions, organized whatever was necessary, raised funds and recorded the route followed.
He gave archaeologists, astronomers, botanists, geographers, geologists, meteorologists and zoologists from Sweden, Germany and China an opportunity to participate in the expedition and carry out research in their areas of specialty.
The stamps were unwelcome at the time due to the high price Hedin was selling them at, but years later became valuable treasures among collectors.
The first part of the expedition, from 1927 to 1932, led from Beijing via Baotou to Mongolia, over the Gobi Desert, through Xinjiang to Ürümqi, and into the northern and eastern parts of the Tarim Basin.
For example, the discovery of specific deposits of iron, manganese, oil, coal and gold reserves was of great economic relevance for China.
From the end of 1933 to 1934, Hedin led—on behalf of the Kuomintang government under Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing—a Chinese expedition to investigate irrigation measures and draw up plans and maps for the construction of two roads suitable for automobiles along the Silk Road from Beijing to Xinjiang.
Following his plans, major irrigation facilities were constructed, settlements erected, and roads built on the Silk Road from Beijing to Kashgar, which made it possible to completely bypass the rough terrain of Tarim Basin.
For two months he navigated the Kaidu River and the Kum-Darja to Lop Nur, which had been filled with water since 1921.
After the lake dried out in 1971 as a consequence of irrigation activities, the above-mentioned transportation link enabled the People's Republic of China to construct a nuclear weapon test site at Lop Nur.
His caravan of truck lorries was hijacked by the Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying who was retreating from northern Xinjiang along with his Kuomintang 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) from the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang.
Ma Zhongying's adjutant claimed to Hedin that Ma Zhongying had the entire region of Tian-shan-nan-lu (southern Xinjiang) under his control and Sven could pass through safely without any trouble.
For the return trip, Hedin selected the southern Silk Road route via Hotan to Xi'an, where the expedition arrived on 7 February 1935.
He celebrated his 70th birthday on 19 February 1935 in the presence of 250 members of the Kuomintang government, to whom he reported interesting facts about the Sino-Swedish Expedition.
He had considerable debts at the German-Asian Bank in Beijing, which he repaid with the royalties and fees received for his books and lectures.
In the months after his return, he held 111 lectures in 91 German cities as well as 19 lectures in neighboring countries.
To accomplish this lecture tour, he covered a stretch as long as the equator, by train and by car—in a time period of five months.
He warned of the dangers he assumed to be coming from Czarist Russia, and called for an alliance with the German Empire.
He helped collect public donations for the building of the coastal defense ship , which the Liberal and anti-militarist government of Karl Staaff had been unwilling to finance.
In early 1914, when the Liberal government enacted cutbacks to the country's defenses, Hedin wrote the Courtyard Speech, in which King Gustaf V promised to strengthen the country's defenses.
The speech led to a political crisis that ended with Staaff and his government resigning and being replaced by a non-party, more conservative government.
Influenced by imperial Russian and later the Soviet union's attempts to dominate and control territories outside its borders, especially in Central Asia and Turkestan, Hedin felt that Soviet Russia posed a great threat to the West, which may be part of the reason why he supported Germany during both World Wars.
As a consequence, he lost friends in France and England and was expelled from the British Royal Geographical Society, and from the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.
That Sweden gave asylum to Wolfgang Kapp as a political refugee after the failure of the Kapp Putsch is said to be primarily attributable to his efforts.
Hedin's conservative and pro-German views eventually translated into sympathy for the Third Reich, and this would draw him into increasing controversy towards the end of his life.
He saw the German leader's rise to power as a revival of German fortunes, and welcomed its challenge against Soviet Communism.
His own views were shaped by traditionalist, Christian and conservative values, while National Socialism was in part a modern revolutionary-populist movement.
Hedin objected to some aspects of National Socialist rule, and occasionally attempted to convince the German government to relent in its anti-religious and anti-Semitic campaigns.
The politely-worded correspondence usually concerned scheduling matters, birthday congratulations, Hedin's planned or completed publications, and requests by Hedin for pardons for people condemned to death, and for mercy, release and permission to leave the country for people interned in prisons or concentration camps.
In the book Hedin promoted the view that President Roosevelt was responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939 and that Hitler had done everything in his power to prevent war.
Moreover, Hedin argued that the origins of the Second World War lay not in German belligerence but in the Treaty of Versailles.
this book deeply influence Hitler and reaffirmed his views on the origins of the war and who was responsible for it.
For his 75th birthday on 19 February 1940 they awarded him the Order of the German Eagle; shortly before that date it had been presented to Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh.
On New Year's Day 1943 they released the Oslo professor of philology and university rector Didrik Arup Seip from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp at Hedin's request in order to obtain Hedin's agreement to accept additional honors during the 470th anniversary of Munich University.
After the collapse of Nazi Germany, he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps.
Hedin was trying to discover the mythological place of Agartha and reproached the Jewish Polish explorer and visiting professor Antoni Ossendowski for having been gone where the Swedish explorer wasn't able to come, and thus was personally invited by Adolf Hitler in Berlin and honoured by the Führer during his 75th birthday feast.
However, he did not hesitate to criticize whenever he considered this to be necessary, particularly in cases of Jewish persecution, conflict with the churches and bars to freedom of science.
When we first discussed my plan to write a book, I stated that I only wanted to write objectively, scientifically, possibly critically, according to my conscience, and you considered that to be completely acceptable and natural.
Now I emphasized in a very friendly and mild form that the removal of distinguished Jewish professors who have performed great services for mankind is detrimental to Germany and that this has given rise to many agitators against Germany abroad.
My worry that the education of German youth, which I otherwise praise and admire everywhere, is deficient in questions of religion and the hereafter comes from my love and sympathy for the German nation, and as a Christian I consider it my duty to state this openly, and, to be sure, in the firm conviction that Luther’s nation, which is religious through and through, will understand me.
On 8 June 1942, the Nazis increased the pressure on Hedin by deporting Alfred Philippson and his family to the Theresienstadt concentration camp.
For a long time Hedin was in correspondence with Alfred Philippson and regularly sent food parcels to him in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
We frequently think with deep gratitude of our rescuer, who alone is responsible for our being able to survive the horrible period of three years of incarceration and hunger in Theresienstadt concentration camp, at my age a veritable wonder.
We, my wife, daughter and I, were then brought on 9–10 July 1945 in a bus of the city of Bonn here to our home town, almost half of which is now destroyed….
In these difficult years we attempted to rescue over one hundred other unfortunate people who had been deported to Poland, but in most cases without success.
My home in Stockholm was turned into something like an information and assistance office, and I was excellently supported by Dr. Paul Grassmann, press attaché in the German embassy in Stockholm.
The names and fates of the over one hundred deported Jews whom Hedin tried to save have not yet been researched.
Hedin supported the cause of the Norwegian author Arnulf Øverland and for the Oslo professor of philology and university director Didrik Arup Seip, who were interned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
After the third senate of the highest German military court (Reichskriegsgericht) in Berlin condemned to death for alleged espionage the ten Norwegians Sigurd Jakobsen, Gunnar Hellesen, Helge Børseth, Siegmund Brommeland, Peter Andree Hjelmervik, Siegmund Rasmussen, Gunnar Carlsen, Knud Gjerstad, Christian Oftedahl and Frithiof Lund on 24 February 1941, Hedin successfully appealed via Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst to Adolf Hitler for their reprieve.
The Norwegians Carl W. Mueller, Knud Naerum, Peder Fagerland, Ottar Ryan, Tor Gerrard Rydland, Hans Bernhard Risanger and Arne Sørvag who had been condemned to forced labor under the same charge received reduced sentences at Hedin's request.
Hedin intervened on his behalf, achieving a pardon on December 4, 1946, with the argument that von Falkenhorst had likewise striven to pardon the ten Norwegians condemned to death.
Because of his outstanding services, Hedin was raised to the untitled nobility by King Oskar II in 1902, the last time any Swede was to receive a charter of nobility.
The coat of arms of Hedin, together with those of some two thousand noble families, is to be found on a wall of the Great Hall in Riddarhuset, the assembly house of Swedish nobility in Stockholm's inner city, Gamla Stan.
In 1905, Hedin was admitted to membership in the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and in 1909 to the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences.
He was an honorary member of numerous Swedish and foreign scientific societies and institutions which honored him with some 40 gold medals; 27 of these medals can be viewed in Stockholm in a display case in the Royal Coin Cabinet.
He received honorary doctorates from Oxford (1909), Cambridge (1909), Heidelberg (1928), Uppsala (1935), and Munich (1943) universities and from the Handelshochschule Berlin (1931) (all Dr. phil.
In Sweden he became a Commander 1st Class of the Royal Order of the North Star (KNO1kl) with a brilliant badge and Knight of the Royal Order of Vasa (RVO).
As a foreigner, he was not authorized to use the associated title of Sir, but he could place the designation KCIE after his family name Hedin.
A survey of the extensive sources for Hedin research shows that it would be difficult at present to come to a fair assessment of the personality and achievements of Hedin.
The sources for Hedin research are located in numerous archives (and include primary literature, correspondence, newspaper articles, obituaries and secondary literature).
He recorded routes by plotting many thousands of kilometers of his caravan itinerary with the detail of a high resolution topographical map and supplemented them with innumerable altitude measurements and latitude and longitude data.
He drafted the first precise maps of areas unresearched until that date: the Pamir mountains, the Taklamakan desert, Tibet, the Silk Road and the Himalayas.
He systematically studied the lakes of inner Asia, made careful climatological observations over many years, and started extensive collections of rocks, plants, animals and antiquities.
This documentation was splendidly produced, which made the price so high that only a few libraries and institutes were able to purchase it.
The immense printing costs had to be borne for the most part by Hedin himself, as was also true for the cost of the expeditions.
He used the fees and royalties which he received from his popular science books and for his lectures for the purpose.
Hedin did not himself subject his documentation to scientific evaluation, but rather handed it over to other scientists for the purpose.
Since he shared his experiences during his expeditions as popular science and incorporated them in a large number of lectures, travelogues, books for young people and adventure books, he became known to the general public.
And the artist did not take second place to the savant, who deep in the night rapidly and apparently without effort rapidly created awe inspiring works.
The consistent inclusion of the enormous, still unmined treasures in his scientific work are yet to be incorporated in the regional geography of Asia.
A scientific assessment of Hedin's character and his relationship to National Socialism was undertaken at Bonn University by Professor Hans Böhm, Dipl.-Geogr.
He is a five-time NBA All-Star, a five-time All-NBA Team member, a former NBA Rookie of the Year, and a former number one overall NBA draftee.
As a collegiate athlete, he was a first-team All-American and led the Michigan Wolverines' 1991 incoming freshman class known as the Fab Five that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores.
However, Webber was indicted by a federal grand jury and stripped of his All-American honors by the NCAA as a result of his direct involvement in the Ed Martin scandal.
He is also a former National High School Basketball Player of the Year who led his high school Detroit Country Day to three Michigan State High School Basketball Championships, but never won any national championship in college or the NBA.
Webber attended Detroit Country Day School and at the time was the most recruited Michigan high school basketball player since Magic Johnson.
While a Michigan Wolverine, Webber led the group of players known as the Fab Five, which included himself, Juwan Howard, Jalen Rose, Jimmy King, and Ray Jackson.
This group, all of whom entered Michigan as freshmen in the fall of 1991, took the basketball team to the NCAA finals twice, losing both times.
The Fab Five, sporting long, baggy shorts and black socks, became immensely popular as they were seen as bringing a hip hop flavor to the game.
In their first season, the Fab Five led Michigan to a NCAA championship game against Duke, becoming the first team in NCAA history to compete in the championship with freshmen as all five starters.
On April 5, 1993, at Michigan's second consecutive appearance at the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game with 11 seconds remaining, Webber brought the ball up the court into a half court trap.
Webber attempted to call for a timeout while his team had none remaining, resulting in a technical foul that effectively clinched the game for North Carolina.
The error was later referenced in the 2018 sports comedy film Uncle Drew, in which Webber played the role of Preacher.
In his second season, he was a first team All-American selection and a finalist for the John R. Wooden Award and Naismith College Player of the Year.
These awards and honors have been vacated due to University of Michigan and NCAA sanctions related to the University of Michigan basketball scandal.
He apparently watched the game from a private suite, rather than in the grandstands near courtside, where the other members of the Fab Five watched the game together.
I've known some of the players on the team since they were kids and I am excited for them and all of the student athletes on the court tonight who are wearing the Michigan uniform.
Webber was selected by the Orlando Magic with the first pick of the 1993 NBA draft, becoming the first sophomore since Magic Johnson to be a #1 overall draft pick.
The Magic immediately traded him to the Golden State Warriors in exchange for Penny Hardaway and three future first round draft picks.
Webber had an outstanding first year, averaging 17.5 points and 9.1 rebounds per game and winning the NBA Rookie of the Year Award.
He was instrumental in leading the Warriors back into the playoffs where they were swept by the Charles Barkley-led Phoenix Suns in three games.
Nelson wanted to make Webber primarily a post player, despite Webber's superb passing ability and good ball handling skills for someone his size at tall.
With few alternatives, Golden State agreed to a sign-and-trade deal, sending Webber to the Washington Bullets (renamed the Wizards in 1997) for forward Tom Gugliotta and three first-round draft picks.
Webber was traded in his second year to the Washington Bullets where he was reunited with his college teammate and friend, Juwan Howard.
He spent the next three years with the Bullets (later renamed the Washington Wizards), although in the 1995–96 season injuries limited him to only 15 games.
The same season, Webber led the Bullets into the playoffs for the first time in nine years, but they were swept by the Michael Jordan-led Chicago Bulls in three games.
Although Webber originally did not want to go to Sacramento, as they were a perennially losing team, he had his best years in Sacramento and nearly took the Kings to the NBA Finals.
When Webber arrived, the Kings also signed small forward Peja Stojaković and center Vlade Divac, and drafted point guard Jason Williams.
In his first year with the Kings (the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season), Webber won the rebounding title averaging a league high 13.0 rebounds per game, ending Dennis Rodman's seven-year run as the NBA's rebound leader.
Under the guidance of Rick Adelman, the Kings team made it into the 1999 Playoffs, where they lost to the Utah Jazz led by future hall of famers Karl Malone and John Stockton.
He was named to the All-Star team again in 2000 and 2001 while cementing his status as one of the premier power forwards in the NBA.
After losing the first two games of the series in Los Angeles, the Kings won the next two in Sacramento, including 23 points, 14 rebounds, 7 blocks, 8 assists and 4 steals from Webber in game four, to send the series back to Los Angeles for a deciding game 5.
He also averaged 11.1 rebounds and was fourth in MVP voting, while starting at forward for the Western Conference All-Star Team in the 2001 All-Star Game in Washington.
In the 2001 Playoffs, Webber and the Kings defeated the Phoenix Suns in four games of the first round to advance to the second round (first time of his career he advanced past the first round), where they faced the Los Angeles Lakers for a second year in a row.
The Kings lost in four games to the Lakers despite Webber's 21 points, 11 rebounds and 8 assists in game four.
In the 2001–02 season, Webber played in 54 games leading the Kings to a Pacific division title and a franchise-record (and league-best) 61–21 season.
In the 2002 Playoffs the Kings defeated the Utah Jazz in four games and Dallas Mavericks in five games in the first two rounds en route to reaching the Western Conference Finals against their archrivals, the defending-champion Los Angeles Lakers led by Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal, a series that would prove to be one of the most memorable (and most controversial) in NBA History.
The series was nip and tuck all the way as both teams traded wins in the first six games of the series as the Lakers won games one, four (highlighted by the game winner from Robert Horry) and six (a game which featured many controversial calls, including a late-game foul on Mike Bibby after he was bleeding from being elbowed in the nose by Bryant.
Lawrence Pedowitz, who led a review of the league's officiating following the outbreak of the scandal, concluded that while Game 6 was poorly officiated, no concrete evidence existed of it having been fixed.
), while the Kings won games two, three and five, including 29 points, 13 rebounds and 3 assists from Webber plus the game-winner from teammate Mike Bibby in game five, heading into the deciding seventh game back at the ARCO Arena in Sacramento, a game which would proved to be most memorable of the series.
In the second game of the 2003 Western Conference Semifinals against the Dallas Mavericks, Webber suffered a career-threatening knee injury while running down the lane untouched that forced him to miss nearly a year of action.
It turned out to be the last chance the Webber-led Kings had to win a championship and he was traded the following season thus resulting in the team being dismantled the following season.
In February 2005, Webber was traded, along with Michael Bradley and Matt Barnes, to the Philadelphia 76ers for power forward Kenny Thomas, forward/center Brian Skinner, and former King Corliss Williamson.
Webber took some time to fit in with the 76ers' offense, where he was the second scoring option, behind Allen Iverson.
He eventually helped catapult the Sixers to a berth in the 2005 playoffs, where the Sixers lost to the Detroit Pistons.
However, they did not reach the playoffs in 2006, despite Webber putting up a resurgent 20 points and 10 rebounds per game.
While he still possessed offensive skills, he was seen as a defensive liability and was usually benched for the 4th quarters.
On Tuesday, April 18, 2006, Webber and Iverson were fined for not showing up at the Philadelphia 76ers' final home game of the season, which was Fan Appreciation Night, although both of them were injured and not expected to play.
During the 2006–07 season Webber only played 18 of 35 games for the Sixers leading the media to question his motivation.
On January 11, 2007 Sixers GM Billy King announced that the Sixers and Webber had agreed to a reported $25 million contract buyout on the remaining two years left on his contract, in effect paying him not to play.
His usual number 4 had been retired in honor of Joe Dumars, so Webber donned the number 84, because his nephew had a dream of him making a buzzer beater with that number on.
The Pistons were a much improved basketball team after Webber's acquisition, improving their record in the Eastern Conference and solidifying the first seed in the East.
Webber still managed to average 10 points and 6 rebounds per game in the playoffs and shot an impressive 52.4% from the field.
His efforts were highlighted by a game 5 performance in the Eastern Conference Finals in which Webber scored 20 points (including 5 points in the double-overtime period) on 9 of 13 shooting and grabbed 7 boards.
Nevertheless, Detroit still lost what turned out to be the key game in the series in double overtime and Webber ended up averaging a career low 11.2 PPG in his run with the Pistons.
This came after a rejected offer by the Los Angeles Lakers who were trying to coax Webber in with two 10-day contracts so they could decide afterwards if they wanted him the rest of the season.
On March 25, 2008, Webber officially retired from basketball due to persistent problems with his surgically repaired knee and was waived by the Warriors.
On February 6, 2009, Webber returned to ARCO Arena, home of the Sacramento Kings, to participate in the ceremonies surrounding the retirement of his jersey, #4.
Later in 1998 during the off-season, while leaving Puerto Rico on a promotional tour for Fila sneakers, Webber paid a $500 fine after U.S. Customs found marijuana in his bag.
Soon after Fila dropped Webber as an endorser, a three-member panel of arbitrators awarded Webber $2.61 million for breach of contract.
In 2002, Webber was charged for lying to a grand jury as part of a larger investigation of a numbers gambling operation, run by Michigan basketball program booster Ed Martin, in Ford Motor Company plants in the Detroit area.
The investigation, originally focused on the numbers operation and tax evasion, soon widened to include the University of Michigan basketball program.
Martin was convicted on counts of tax evasion and robbery and was scheduled to testify on the financial connections between himself and Webber at a sentencing hearing, but died of a heart attack before the hearing.
As a result of evidence admitted during the course of Martin's trial, Webber pleaded guilty to one count of criminal contempt for lying about his role in a scandal in which four players, including himself, had accepted illicit loans from Martin.
He admitted in the plea that in 1994 he gave Martin about $38,000 in cash as partial repayment for expenditures Martin made on his behalf.
Due to concerns that Webber's amateur status had been compromised, Michigan forfeited its victory in the 1992 Final Four over Cincinnati, as well as its runner-up status in the 1992 tourney.
Michigan also forfeited the entire 1992–93 season, removed the 1992 and 1993 Final Four banners from the Crisler Arena rafters, and deleted Webber's records from its record book.
After Webber's plea, the Michigan State High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) recommended that Detroit Country Day forfeit all games in which Webber appeared (including three state championships), since according to his own admission, Webber had been accepting money from Martin since junior high school.
Webber was suspended by the NBA for a total of eight games—five for an unnamed violation of the league substance abuse policies and three for lying to the grand jury.
In it, the University of Michigan repeated its position that it would not associate with Webber until he publicly apologized for his part in the Ed Martin scandal, with the self-imposed 10-year ban on its association with the remainder of the players ending in 2013.
Webber made his first post-ban public appearance at the University of Michigan on November 3, 2018, when he was invited by football coach Jim Harbaugh to participate as an honorary captain for its game against Penn State; Webber was warmly received at Michigan Stadium.
Prior to Webber's arrival in 1998, the Kings made the playoffs only twice (1985 and 1996) since they moved to Sacramento from Kansas City in 1985.
In 2014, he made another special appearance in the Kings' arena along with former teammate Mike Bibby and both were honored that day.
During Charles Barkley's leave of absence, Webber substituted for him along with other guests such as Gary Payton and Mike Fratello.
In August 2010, Webber played in the NBA Asia Challenge 2010 at Araneta Coliseum in Manila, an exhibition game which pitted NBA legends and NBA Development League players against Philippine Basketball Association stars and legends.
Outside of basketball, Webber has been active in his investment company representing basketball and football players, real estate, and film projects.
His collection includes an original 1901 publication of an autobiography by Booker T. Washington, and various documents, letters, and postcards signed by Frederick Douglass, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X.
On June 28, 2007, Webber unveiled his collection of African-American artifacts during the Celebrating Heritage Exhibition at Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit.
In 1999, Webber created C-Webb's Crew where a group of tickets at every Kings regular home season game would be donated to at-risk youth and their families.
Community awards Webber has won include the inaugural Sacramento Kings/Oscar Robertson Triple Double Award, which is annually awarded to a Kings player who exemplifies: team leadership, all-around game, and sportsmanship; the NBA Community Assist Award for his contributions in February 2003, and the Wish Maker of the Year in 2003 awarded by the Sacramento Chapter of the Make a Wish Foundation.
Many renowned NBA players participated including then-current and former teammates: Mike Bibby, Brad Miller, Andre Iguodala, Bobby Jackson, Kyle Korver, and his then-current coach, Maurice Cheeks.
However, presently there is near unanimous consensus that it belongs to the extinct family Otodontidae, which diverged from the ancestry of the great white shark during the Early Cretaceous.
While regarded as one of the largest and most powerful predators to have ever lived, megalodon is known from fragmentary remains and its appearance and maximum size are uncertain.
Unlike the great white, which attacks prey from the soft underside, megalodon probably used its strong jaws to break through the chest cavity and puncture the heart and lungs of its prey.
As the shark preferred warmer waters, it is thought that oceanic cooling associated with the onset of the ice ages, coupled with the lowering of sea levels and resulting loss of suitable nursery areas, may have also contributed to its decline.
A reduction in the diversity of baleen whales and a shift in their distribution toward polar regions may have reduced megalodon's primary food source.
More recently, evidence has come forward that competition from the modern great white shark may have also contributed to the extinction of megalodon, coupled with range fragmentation resulting in a gradual, asynchronous extinction as a result of cooling oceans around 3.6-4 million years ago, far earlier than previously assumed.
The extinction of the shark appeared to affect other animals; for example, the size of baleen whales increased significantly after the shark had disappeared.
According to Renaissance accounts, gigantic triangular fossil teeth often found embedded in rocky formations were once believed to be the petrified tongues, or glossopetrae, of dragons and snakes.
This interpretation was corrected in 1667 by Danish naturalist Nicolas Steno, who recognized them as shark teeth, and famously produced a depiction of a shark's head bearing such teeth.
English paleontologist Charles Davies Sherborn in 1928 listed an 1835 series of articles by Agassiz as the first scientific description of the shark.
While the earliest megalodon remains have been reported from the Late Oligocene, around 28 million years ago (mya), there is disagreement as to when it appeared, with dates ranging to as young as 16 mya.
It has been thought that megalodon became extinct around the end of the Pliocene, about 2.6 mya; claims of Pleistocene megalodon teeth, younger than 2.6 million years old, are considered unreliable.
Proponents of the former model, wherein megalodon and the great white shark are more closely related, argue that the differences between their dentition are minute and obscure.
The evolution of this lineage is characterized by the increase of serrations, the widening of the crown, the development of a more triangular shape, and the disappearance of the lateral cusps.
The evolution in tooth morphology reflects a shift in predation tactics from a tearing-grasping bite to a cutting bite, likely reflecting a shift in prey choice from fish to cetaceans.
One interpretation on how megalodon appeared was that it was a robust-looking shark, and may have had a similar build to the great white shark.
The jaws may have been blunter and wider than the great white, and the fins would have also been similar in shape, though thicker due to its size.
The tail fin would have been crescent-shaped, the anal fin and second dorsal fin would have been small, and there would have been a caudal keel present on either side of the tail fin (on the caudal peduncle).
This build is common in other large aquatic animals, such as whales, tuna, and other sharks, in order to reduce drag while swimming.
This is unlikely since the sand tiger shark is a carangiform swimmer which requires faster movement of the tail for propulsion through the water than the great white shark, a thunniform swimmer.
Due to fragmentary remains, there have been many contradictory size estimates for megalodon, as they can only be drawn from fossil teeth and vertebrae.
Also because of this, the great white shark is the basis of its reconstruction and size estimation, as it is regarded as the best analogue to megalodon.
Using length estimates extrapolated from 544 teeth found throughout geological time and geography, including adults and juveniles, a 2015 study estimated an average length of .
In comparison, the maximum recorded size of the great white shark is , and the whale shark (the largest living fish) can reach .
It is possible that different populations of megalodon around the globe had different body sizes and behaviors due to different ecological pressures.
Mature male megalodon may have had a body mass of , and mature females may have been , given that males could range in length from and females .
Its large size may have been due to climatic factors and the abundance of large prey items, and it may have also been influenced by the evolution of regional endothermy (mesothermy) which would have increased its metabolic rate and swimming speed.
Since the otodontid sharks are considered to have been ectotherms, and megalodon was a close relative to them, megalodon may have also been ectothermic.
Contrary to this, the largest contemporary ectothermic sharks, such as the whale shark, are filter feeders, implying some metabolic constraints with a predatory lifestyle.
Gordon Hubbell from Gainesville, Florida, possesses an upper anterior megalodon tooth whose maximum height is , one of the largest known tooth specimens from the shark.
In addition, a megalodon jaw reconstruction developed by fossil hunter Vito Bertucci contains a tooth whose maximum height is reportedly over .
The first attempt to reconstruct the jaw of megalodon was made by Bashford Dean in 1909, displayed at the American Museum of Natural History.
In 1973, John E. Randall, an ichthyologist, used the enamel height (the vertical distance of the blade from the base of the enamel portion of the tooth to its tip) to measure the length of the shark, yielding a maximum length of about .
In 1996, shark researchers Michael D. Gottfried, Leonard Compagno, and S. Curtis Bowman proposed a linear relationship between a shark's total length and the height of the largest upper anterior tooth.
In 2002, shark researcher Clifford Jeremiah proposed that total length was proportional to the root width of an upper anterior tooth.
Jeremiah pointed out that the jaw perimeter of a shark is directly proportional to its total length, with the width of the roots of the largest teeth being a tool for estimating jaw perimeter.
In 2002, paleontologist Kenshu Shimada of DePaul University proposed a linear relationship between tooth crown height and total length after conducting anatomical analysis of several specimens, allowing any sized tooth to be used.
Shimada stated that the previously proposed methods were based on a less-reliable evaluation of the dental homology between megalodon and the great white shark, and that the growth rate between the crown and root is not isometric, which he considered in his model.
Among several specimens found in the Gatún Formation of Panama, one upper lateral tooth was used by other researchers to obtain a total length estimate of using this method.
In 2019, Shimada revisited the size of megalodon and discouraged using non-anterior teeth for estimations, noting that the exact position of isolated non-anterior teeth is difficult to identify.
Shimada stated that the maximum total length estimates, based on upper anterior teeth that are available in museums, are , depending on the estimation method used.
Diagnostic characteristics include a triangular shape, robust structure, large size, fine serrations, a lack of lateral denticles, and a visible V-shaped neck (where the root meets the crown).
The lingual side of the tooth, the part facing the tongue, was convex; and the labial side, the other side of the tooth, was slightly convex or flat.
Another nearly complete associated megalodon dentition was excavated from the Yorktown Formations in the United States, and served as the basis of a jaw reconstruction of megalodon at the National Museum of Natural History (USNM).
The shark may have been able to open its mouth to a 75° angle, though a reconstruction at the USNM approximates a 100° angle.
In 2008, a team of scientists led by S. Wroe conducted an experiment to determine the bite force of the great white shark, using a long specimen, and then isometrically scaled the results for its maximum size and the conservative minimum and maximum body mass of megalodon.
In addition, Wroe and colleagues pointed out that sharks shake sideways while feeding, amplifying the force generated, which would probably have caused the total force experienced by prey to be higher than the estimate.
As with all sharks, the skeleton of megalodon was formed of cartilage rather than bone; consequently most fossil specimens are poorly preserved.
To support its large dentition, the jaws of megalodon would have been more massive, stouter, and more strongly developed than those of the great white, which possesses a comparatively gracile dentition.
The most notable example is a partially preserved vertebral column of a single specimen, excavated in the Antwerp Basin, Belgium, in 1926.
The shark's vertebrae may have gotten much bigger, and scrutiny of the specimen revealed that it had a higher vertebral count than specimens of any known shark, possibly over 200 centra; only the great white approached it.
Another partially preserved vertebral column of a megalodon was excavated from the Gram Formation in Denmark in 1983, which comprises 20 vertebral centra, with the centra ranging from to in diameter.
The coprolite remains of megalodon are spiral-shaped, indicating that the shark may have had a spiral valve, a corkscrew-shaped portion of the lower intestines, similar to extant lamniform sharks.
Gottfried and colleagues reconstructed the entire skeleton of megalodon, which was later put on display at the Calvert Marine Museum in the United States and the Iziko South African Museum.
This reconstruction is long and represents a mature male, based on the ontogenetic changes a great white shark experiences over the course of its life.
Megalodon had a cosmopolitan distribution; its fossils have been excavated from many parts of the world, including Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Australia.
It arguably had the capacity to endure such low temperatures due to mesothermy, the physiological capability of large sharks to conserve metabolic heat by maintaining a higher body temperature than the surrounding water.
Megalodon inhabited a wide range of marine environments (i.e., shallow coastal waters, areas of coastal upwelling, swampy coastal lagoons, sandy littorals, and offshore deep water environments), and exhibited a transient lifestyle.
Fossil remains show a trend for specimens to be larger on average in the southern hemisphere than in the northern, with mean lengths of , respectively; and also larger in the Pacific than the Atlantic, with mean lengths of respectively.
The overall modal length has been estimated at , with the length distribution skewed towards larger individuals, suggesting an ecological or competitive advantage for larger body size.
Megalodon had a global distribution and fossils of the shark have been found in many places around the world, bordering all oceans of the Neogene.
Though sharks are generally opportunistic feeders, megalodon's great size, high-speed swimming capability, and powerful jaws, coupled with an impressive feeding apparatus, made it an apex predator capable of consuming a broad spectrum of animals.
A study focusing on calcium isotopes of extinct and extant elasmobranch sharks and rays revealed that megalodon fed at a higher trophic level than the contemporaneous great white shark.
Fossil evidence indicates that megalodon preyed upon many cetacean species, such as dolphins, small whales, cetotheres, squalodontids (shark toothed dolphins), sperm whales, bowhead whales, and rorquals.
Various excavations have revealed megalodon teeth lying close to the chewed remains of whales, and sometimes in direct association with them.
It is plausible that the adult megalodon population off the coast of Peru targeted primarily cetothere whales in length and other prey smaller than itself, rather than large whales in the same size class as themselves.
Megalodon were contemporaneous with whale-eating toothed whales (particularly macroraptorial sperm whales and squalodontids), which were also probably among the era's apex predators, and provided competition.
Fossilized teeth of an undetermined species of such physeteroids from Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, indicate it had a maximum body length of 8–10 m and a maximum lifespan of about 25 years.
Megalodon may have subjected contemporaneous white sharks to competitive exclusion, as the fossil records indicate that other shark species avoided regions it inhabited by mainly keeping to the colder waters of the time.
In areas where their ranges seemed to have overlapped, such as in Pliocene Baja California, it is possible that megalodon and the great white shark occupied the area at different times of the year while following different migratory prey.
Megalodon bite marks on whale fossils suggests that it employed different hunting strategies against large prey than the great white shark.
Unlike great whites which target the underbelly of their prey, megalodon probably targeted the heart and lungs, with their thick teeth adapted for biting through tough bone, as indicated by bite marks inflicted to the rib cage and other tough bony areas on whale remains.
Fossil remains of some small cetaceans, for example cetotheres, suggest that they were rammed with great force from below before being killed and eaten, based on compression fractures.
Numerous fossilized flipper bones and tail vertebrae of large whales from the Pliocene have been found with megalodon bite marks, which suggests that megalodon would immobilize a large whale before killing and feeding on it.
Megalodon, like contemporaneous sharks, made use of nursery areas to birth their young in, specifically warm-water coastal environments with large amounts of food and protection from predators.
Nursery sites were identified in the Gatún Formation of Panama, the Calvert Formation of Maryland, Banco de Concepción in the Canary Islands, and the Bone Valley Formation of Florida.
Given that all extant lamniform sharks give birth to live young, this is believed to have been true of megalodon also.
Their dietary preferences display an ontogenetic shift: Young megalodon commonly preyed on fish, sea turtles, dugongs, and small cetaceans; mature megalodon moved to off-shore areas and consumed large cetaceans.
Three tooth marks apparently from a long Pliocene shark were found on a rib from an ancestral blue or humpback whale that showed evidence of subsequent healing, which is suspected to have been inflicted by a juvenile megalodon.
Geological events changed currents and precipitation; among these were the closure of the Central American Seaway and changes in the Tethys Ocean, contributing to the cooling of the oceans.
The stalling of the Gulf Stream prevented nutrient-rich water from reaching major marine ecosystems, which may have negatively affected its food sources.
The largest fluctuation of sea levels in the Cenozoic era occurred in the Plio-Pleistocene, between around 5 million to 12 thousand years ago, due to the expansion of glaciers at the poles, which negatively impacted coastal environments, and may have contributed to its extinction along with those of several other marine megafaunal species.
These oceanographic changes, in particular the sea level drops, may have restricted many of the suitable shallow warm-water nursery sites for megalodon, hindering reproduction.
As its range did not apparently extend into colder waters, megalodon may not have been able to retain a significant amount of metabolic heat, so its range was restricted to shrinking warmer waters.
Fossil evidence confirms the absence of megalodon in regions around the world where water temperatures had significantly declined during the Pliocene.
However, an analysis of the distribution of megalodon over time suggests that temperature change did not play a direct role in its extinction.
Its distribution during the Miocene and Pliocene did not correlate with warming and cooling trends; while abundance and distribution declined during the Pliocene, megalodon did show a capacity to inhabit colder latitudes.
It was found in locations with a mean temperature ranging from , with a total range of , indicating that the global extent of suitable habitat should not have been greatly affected by the temperature changes that occurred.
Marine mammals attained their greatest diversity during the Miocene, such as with baleen whales with over 20 recognized Miocene genera in comparison to only six extant genera.
By the end of the Miocene, many species of mysticetes had gone extinct; surviving species may have been faster swimmers and thus more elusive prey.
The extinction of megalodon correlates with the decline of many small mysticete lineages, and it is possible that it was quite dependent on them as a food source.
Additionally, a marine megafauna extinction during the Pliocene was discovered to have eliminated 36% of all large marine species including 55% of marine mammals, 35% of seabirds, 9% of sharks, and 43% of sea turtles.
The extinction was selective for endotherms and mesotherms relative to poikilotherms, implying causation by a decreased food supply and thus consistent with megalodon being mesothermic.
The cooling of the oceans during the Pliocene might have restricted the access of megalodon to the polar regions, depriving it of the large whales which had migrated there.
Competition from other predators of marine mammals, such as macropredatory sperm whales which appeared in the Miocene, and killer whales and great white sharks in the Pliocene, may have also contributed to the decline and extinction of megalodon.
Many of the species that served as megalodon's prey survived for significantly longer, contrary to a previous theory that all were swept away by a single marine mass extinction.
Conversely the increase in baleen whale size may have contributed to the extinction of megalodon, as they may have preferred to go after smaller whales; bite marks on large whale species may have come from scavenging sharks.
The extinction of megalodon had a positive impact on other apex predators of the time, such as the great white shark, in some cases spreading to regions where megalodon became absent.
Megalodon has been portrayed in several works of fiction, including films and novels, and continues to be a popular subject for fiction involving sea monsters.
Reports of supposedly fresh megalodon teeth, such as those made by in 1873 which were erroneously dated to be around 11,000 to 24,000 years old, are probably teeth that were well-preserved by a thick mineral-crust precipitate of manganese dioxide, and so had a lower decomposition rate and retained a white color during fossilization.
Fossil megalodon teeth can vary in color from off-white to dark browns and greys, and some fossil teeth may have been redeposited into a younger stratum.
The claims that megalodon could remain elusive in the depths, similar to the megamouth shark which was discovered in 1976, are unlikely as the shark lived in warm coastal waters and probably could not survive in the cold and nutrient-poor deep sea environment.
Pennine range, encircle the head of the valley of the River Ribble in the Yorkshire Dales National Park in the North of England.
In common with neighbouring fells, the Three Peaks are carved from an almost flat-lying succession of sedimentary strata of Carboniferous age.
The lower slopes of each of the fells are formed from massive limestones assigned to the Visean age Great Scar Group.
The upper slopes of each of the fells are formed from alternating bands of limestone and mudstone grading up into sandstone, all of which are assigned to the Brigantian and early Namurian ages Yoredale Group.
Considerable areas of the flanks of each of the fells are covered by peat whilst other areas are blanketed by glacial till notably across the southern and eastern slopes of Pen-y-ghent.
Extensive networks of caves have developed within the limestone strata such as the White Scar Caves, and potholes which attract cavers from all over the country.
It is home to England's highest waterfall at Gaping Gill, where the Fell Beck drops vertically down a pothole, into Britain's second largest cavern.
The beck re-emerges further down the mountain adjacent to Ingleborough Cave, where visitors can take a guided tour of a floodlit part of the cave system.
Whernside, being more rounded, is visually less imposing than its neighbours, but its summit is the highest point in North Yorkshire.
The summit of Ingleborough has the remains of a huge Iron Age hill fort, while the Settle-Carlisle Railway runs between the mountains, crossing Ribblehead Viaduct at the foot of Whernside.
The first recorded ascent of the three hills was in July 1887 by J. R. Wynne-Edwards and D. R. Smith in a time of 10 hours.
The walk covers a distance of to (depending on route) circuit of all three peaks with nearly of ascent and descent.
The route most walkers take varies from the fell race in that most traverse the 'nose' of Pen-y-ghent from Brackenbottom Moor and do not ascend from the Pennine Way.
Additionally, Whernside is generally traversed along the right-of-way to the east, initially following the railway line, all of which can add extra distance to the route.
For most people the route starts in the village of Horton-in-Ribblesdale, though many start from various points in the circular route, such as Chapel-le-Dale.
Historically Chapel-le-Dale was the starting point though this probably changed when the Pen-y-ghent Cafe started running their clocking in and out service for walkers in 1968.
Those that complete the walk within 12 hours are invited to pay to join the Pen-y-ghent Cafe's privately owned 'Three Peaks of Yorkshire Club'.
Understandably the Three Peaks Walk is seen by many as a challenge and it has become very popular for charity sponsored walks and Saturdays in early summer can see several hundred walkers make their way round the route.
In addition to it being seen as a walking challenge it has also become a race for fell runners and cyclo-cross cyclists.
However, there is no bridleway access to the peaks (except Ingleborough from the Ingleton side only) so any bicycle access is on a permissive basis on race days only.
The Reverend Horton Heat is the stage name of American musician Jim Heath (born November 2, 1959) as well as the name of his Dallas, Texas-based psychobilly trio.
Ray High School, David McNair, Jeff Nolte, Sam Reid, Steve Hall, before attending the University of Texas at Austin in the fall of 1977.
At UT, he often entertained friends and dormmates and was often found playing in the stairwells at Moore-Hill Dormitory late into the night.
Three years later, former dormmate David Livingston, now in his senior year of school and at home visiting family, saw a familiar face on stage and reunited with Heath.
Livingston told Heath stories of the punk music scene in Austin and the acts playing at venues such as Raul's and Club Foot.
Once, while home on another visit, Livingston took Heath to a Dallas rock and roll venue, The Bijou, to see an act called The Cramps.
Always a fan of 50s, blues and honky tonk, Heath returned the favor by taking Livingston and his wife to see The Blasters in Dallas at the Hot Klub.
Heath had married a former bandmate from Sweetbriar, Jenny Turner, and together they had a child, Kendall; they decided that the rock-and-roll lifestyle was over and that it was time to have normal adult jobs.
Heath used the old Sweetbriar PA system to earn extra money, running sound for bands such as the New Bohemians, End Over End, Dino Lee, Shallow Reign, Burning Desire, The Textones and Three on a Hill as well as doing sound reinforcement for the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Flaming Lips, The Pandoras, Husker Du, The True Believers and Michael Stipe from REM.
Within several weeks of starting to play as Reverend Horton Heat, Heath began recruiting local musicians to play with him—sometimes unrehearsed.
The very first show of Reverend Horton Heat with a band consisted of Heath, Jack Barton, Peter Kaplan and Tim Alexander.
After a gig in Houston, Jim Wallace approached Jack Barton after the show and asked to try his bass as the band was tearing down the gear.
So, with future gigs on the books, the earliest being only two weeks away, Heath called Wallace and asked him to be in the band.
This line-up was the first to break into the markets in the upper Midwest like Chicago, Kansas City and St. Louis.
With Kyle on drums the band broke into new markets on the west coast in Phoenix, Tucson, San Diego, Los Angeles, Hollywood, San Francisco, Portland and Seattle.
It was also during this time that the band would travel to Memphis to record with former Sun Records greats, Barbara Pittman, Malcolm Yelvington and Johnny Powers at the old Memphis Recording Service where Sam Phillips started Sun Records and recorded Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, B.B.
Charlie Reid became the manager after a couple of years of the departure of Livingston with Heath booking his own tours in the interim.
Reid's role as manager/booking agent came to an abrupt halt in April 1992 after it was learned that Reid was stealing money from the band.
After another stint of Heath booking more tours for the band, Heath hired Scott Weiss as his manager/booking agent, and Weiss continues in that capacity with his company Atomic Music Group.
On July 31, 2017 it was announced via the band's Facebook page that long time drummer Scott Churilla had left the band.
Matt Jordan of West Virginia joined the band full-time in September 2017 playing piano and organ as well as doing some singing.
One of his favorite vintage guitars is a 1954 Gibson ES-175, which he rarely plays on the road since its wiring buzzes in certain venues.
The Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS; ) was the world governing body for roller sports, including skateboarding, rink hockey, inline hockey, inline speed skating, inline alpine, downhill, roller derby, roller freestyle, inline freestyle, aggressive inline skating, inline figure skating and artistic roller skating.
It was established in April 1924 in Montreux, Switzerland by two Swiss sportsmen, Fred Renkewitz and Otto Myer, who had close connections to the International Olympic Committee.
The FIRS gathered more than 100 national federations, including countries from every continent and they are affiliated with the International Skating Union.
A proposal to dissolve the federation and merge with the International Skateboarding Federation to form a new body known as World Skate was ratified in September 2017.
Since 2017 World Skate has organised the World Roller Games, comprising all the world roller sport disciplines as regulated by the World Skate international federation.
Skating is considered to be one of the most complete physical exercises that exist and enjoys huge popularity on a world level.
The White Sea–Baltic Canal (, , ), often abbreviated to White Sea Canal () is a ship canal in Russia opened on Wednesday 2 August 1933.
Beginning and ending with a labor force of 126,000, between 12,000 and 25,000 laborers died according to official records, while Anne Applebaum's estimate is 25,000 deaths.
This depth typically corresponds to river craft with deadweight cargo up to 600 tonnes, while useful sea going vessels of 2,000–3,000 dwt typically have drafts of .
The canal was originally proposed to be deep; however, the cost and time constraints of Stalin's First five-year plan forced the much shallower draught.
Once in Lake Onega, ships can exit the southwest shore through the Svir River (and its two locks) to reach Lake Ladoga and then proceed down the Neva River to Saint Petersburg and the Baltic Sea.
The route of the northern slope runs through five large lakes; Lake Matkozero between locks 8 & 9, Lake Vygozero between locks 9 & 10, Lake Palagorka between locks 10 & 11, Lake Voitskoye between locks 11 & 12 and Lake Matkozhnya between locks 13 & 14.
For the navigation seasons of 2008 to 2010, the canal locks were scheduled to operate from 20 May to 15–30 October, giving 148–163 navigation days per year.
BBLAG, the Directorate of the BBK Camps, managed the construction, supplying a workforce of an estimated 100,000 convicts, at the cost of huge casualties.
The workforce for the Canal was supplied by the Belbaltlag camp directorate (White Sea–Baltic Corrective Labor Camp Directorate, WSBC) of the OGPU GULAG.
Genrikh Yagoda, Deputy Chairman of the OGPU, as well as Berman, Firin, Kogan, and Rappoport were awarded medals for the completion of the canal by the Politburo on July 15, 1933.
At other times These teams were pitted to compete against each other in surpassing the norms, and promises were made of shortened sentences, food and cash bonuses for the champions.
At least 12,000 workers died during the building process, according to the official records, while Anne Applebaum's estimate is 25,000 deaths, and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn estimated up to 250,000 deaths.
Similarly, Aleksandr Avdeenko's account of Belomor includes conversations between OGPU chief Semyon Firin and Prince Mirsky that reveal at least some of the writers were aware of its true nature.
After the canal had been completed and opened for navigation, the Belbaltlag (White Sea-Baltic Camp) was reorganized into the White Sea-Baltic Combine (Baltiysko-Belomorsky Kombinat [BBK]), still within the NKVD system, by an order of the Council of People's Commissars of August 17, 1933.
The Combine was charged with operating the canal and managing the economic development of the adjacent areas, including 2.8 million hectares of forest lands and the industrial facilities that had been constructed along the route.
Povenets, which had been demoted from a town to a village in the 1920s, now became a town again, and a large port.
As is discussed further below, during the 1930s a number of smaller naval vessels were transferred from the Baltic to the White Sea to provide warships for the Soviet Northern Naval Flotilla, which became the Northern Fleet in 1937.
With Germany's full-scale invasion of the USSR in 1941, supported by Finland in the Continuation War, the canal route became the front line.
On June 23, 1941, the day after the German invasion, 16 Finnish commandos were ferried to the canal by two German Heinkel He 115 seaplanes from Oulujärvi.
The commandos were Finnish volunteers recruited by the German Major Schaller, and were equipped with German uniforms and weapons, as the Finnish General Staff wanted no responsibility for the operation.
The air bombings of the Povenets lock ladder succeeded in interrupting boat traffic on the canal only from June 28 to August 6, and then again from 13 to 24 August 1941.
In August, the management of the BBK and most of the 800 canal staff were evacuated from Medvezhyegorsk to Lock No.
In November, a caravan of passenger vessels evacuating families of Povenets canal workers and residents, along with equipment, froze into the ice of Lake Vygozero.
On the night of November 12/13, another boat caravan froze in Zaonezhsky Bay near Megostrov Island, and was later captured by Finnish troops.
The Finns crossed the canal and captured Gabselga village to the east, but after a few days of fighting they were pushed back to the canal's western side.
Once the locks of the Povenets Ladder had been destroyed, water from the watershed lakes poured freely into Lake Onega through Povenets village, which was nearly completely destroyed by the flood.
The route of the BBK had become the front line, separating the Finnish troops on the canal's western bank from the Soviet forces on its eastern bank.
After Finland left the war in September 1944, the damage to the canal, including the complete destruction of its southern section and the town of Povenets and damage to lighthouses and other structures, was repaired.
On February 2, 1950, the RSFSR Council of Ministers issued an order for the overhaul and reconstruction of the BBK's structures, with gradual electrification of the canal's structures and machinery.
In 1953, the locks' staff hired electricians; by 1957, the electrification of the locks of the northern slope was completed; and by 1959 all coastal and floating navigation lights were switched to electric power.
During the reconstruction, the guaranteed depth of the fairway was increased to 4 meters, and the channel became part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia.
Usage rose gradually in the 21st century, but remained well below the Soviet-era peak, with just 0.3 million tonnes in 2002.
(Беломорско-Онежское государственное бассейновое управление водных путей и судоходства), which is also responsible for shipping on Lake Onega and in the Belomorsk harbor area (but not in the open waters of the White Sea).
The canal was seemingly a small part of the agency's overall shipping business, which in 2007 amounted to 4.6 million tonnes and 155,000 passengers.
According to official statistics, a total of 193 million tonnes of cargo was transported over the canal over its first 75 years (1933–2008).
The canal makes it possible to ship heavy and bulky items from Russia's industrial centers to the White Sea, and then by sea-going vessels to Siberia's northern ports.
In 2011, heavy equipment for the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydro power plant was shipped from Saint Petersburg via the canal, the Arctic Sea, and the Yenisei River.
In Soviet times, the canal was used for shipping oil products from refineries on the Volga River to consumers in the Murmansk Oblast and overseas.
The company had plans to carry 800,000 tonnes of fuel oil over the canal during 2003, and to increase the volume to in 2004.
The fuel was transferred from Volgotanker river tankers to Latvian seagoing tankers at a floating transfer station near the Osinki Island in the Onega Bay on the White Sea, northeast of the port of Onega.
Volgotanker's alleged failure to contain the spill resulted in the Arkhangelsk Oblast authorities shutting down the oil transfer operation with only 220,000 tonnes exported.
Russian (and later Soviet) naval strategists long believed that a well-designed canal system could help establish contact among the separate fleets based on Russia's Black Sea, Baltic, Arctic, Pacific, and Caspian coasts.
and early in its history the Northern Fleet's first warships sailed along the canal to the White Sea from the Baltic, Before World War II, the canal was used for the transfer of military vessels between the two seas on 17 occasions.
During World War II, in August–September 1941, the canal was used to move a number of submarines from the Baltic Fleet to the White Sea, including submarines K-3, S-101 and S-102, L-22.
Since then, the canal has been regularly used for delivering submarines by transporter dock from the Baltic Shipyard and Krasnoye Sormovo to Sevmash for completion.
There is a monument at Povenets for the prisoners who perished during the construction, and a smaller memorial in Belomorsk near the White Sea end.
Stephen James Howe (born 8 April 1947) is an English musician, songwriter and producer, best known as the guitarist in the progressive rock band Yes across three stints since 1970.
Born in Holloway, North London, Howe developed an interest in the guitar and began to learn the instrument himself at age 12.
He embarked on a music career in 1964, first playing in several London-based blues, covers, and psychedelic rock bands for six years, including the Syndicats, Tomorrow, and Bodast.
Howe achieved further success in the 1980s and beyond as a member of the rock bands Asia, GTR, and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe.
He also has a prolific solo career, releasing 20 solo albums that reached varied levels of success and collaborated with artists such as Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Martin Taylor, and Queen.
He continues to perform with Yes, as a member of his jazz group, the Steve Howe Trio, and as a solo act.
He cites several influences from his parents' record collection including Les Paul and Tennessee Ernie Ford, and also listened to classical guitar and jazz, citing Barney Kessel as a primary influence.
After he left primary school, he wished to become a guitarist and took up several part-time jobs until he wished to become a full-time musician around 18.
Howe wished to own a guitar at age 10, but his parents did not buy him one until they picked one out with him at a shop in Kings Cross at age 12 for a Christmas present, in 1959.
Howe would stand by a window at home and mime his playing to passers by while music was playing indoors, until he began to teach himself without formal lessons or learning to read musical notation.
He recalled the event as a disaster; the band did not rehearse or tune up, and Howe avoided stage performances for a while as a result.
At 14, Howe and his friend from Tottenham started a group that played in youth clubs, eventually landing gigs in pubs and ballrooms.
Around 1961, Howe bought a solid body Guyatone, his first electric guitar, which was followed with a Gibson ES-175D in 1964, one of the guitars that he later became most identified with.
Before he became a full-time musician Howe took up work at a piano factory, followed by a job in a music shop.
In 1964, the 17-year-old Howe became a member of his first professional band, the north London-based rhythm and blues group The Syndicats that formed the year prior and were produced by Joe Meek.
The band soon renamed themselves Tomorrow and adopted a psychedelic rock sound, writing more original songs and changing their stage clothes.
In 1968, with Howe's reputation as a guitarist on the rise, he joined Bodast, a trio who went by the name of Canto for a short period.
They signed a recording deal with Tetragrammaton Records and put down a selection of songs in 1969 at Trident Studios for an album with West as producer, but the label went out of business shortly before its release.
The label had also promised the group film roles and visits to the US but they never materialised and they disbanded.
After Bodast split, Howe auditioned with the progressive rock band The Nice as a potential new member, but decided it was not for him, and left the next day.
An audition with Jethro Tull followed, but Howe failed to turn up when he learned the guitarist they wanted would not contribute to the songwriting.
In 1970, Howe toured as a member of American soul singer P. P. Arnold's backing band, with future members of Ashton, Gardner and Dyke, which also involved American duo Delaney & Bonnie.
Howe was invited to a try out session with the group in Fulham, which consisted of Jon Anderson, Chris Squire, Bill Bruford, and Tony Kaye; he was successful and became a member in June.
Howe's proficiency with a wide range of guitars, and his strong contributions to the songwriting, made him a prolific member who was an essential part of the band's change in musical direction towards progressive rock.
In 1971, Wakeman and Howe had contributed to the recording of Lou Reed's self-titled debut album as session musicians, working together for the first time on this occasion.
In the summer of 1972, Howe performed one gig with Stone the Crows at the Great Western Festival in Lincoln while they sought a replacement following the death of Leslie Harvey.
His penchant for ongoing experimentation helped produce a playing style unique among rock musicians, while the group as a whole took a position as a leading progressive rock band.
In early 1980, Anderson and Wakeman left the group and were replaced a few weeks later by Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes.
The idea came from Howe's manager and former Yes and Asia manager Brian Lane, who brought the two together as both wished to perform in a band after a period of solo work.
In 1987, Howe commissioned Robert Berry as Hackett's replacement, and ideas of a new band name included Steve Howe and Friends and Nero and the Trend.
Later that year, Jon Anderson invited Howe to take part in a new album he wished to perform with Rick Wakeman and Bill Bruford as a new group, Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe.
In a departure from his earlier two albums, Howe focused on rock instrumentals that feature Currie, Bruford, and drummer Nigel Glockler.
The tracks were recorded some time before, but Howe had some difficulty in finding a record label who would release the album as the majority wanted it to include hit single.
On 24 May 1996, Howe received an honorary doctorate in Musical Arts (DMA) from Five Towns College in Dix Hills, New York.
He considered it a breakthrough in regard to his solo output due to the time required to write and arrange strong solos.
In 2007, Howe founded the Steve Howe Trio, a jazz band completed by his son Dylan on drums and Ross Stanley on Hammond organ.
The album was released by Steve Howe after the death of Virgil Howe in early September 2017; Virgil's death resulted in Yes suspending their ongoing Yestival tour i.e.
Dylan was a member of The Blockheads, is part of the Steve Howe Trio with his father, and toured alongside him as Yes' second drummer in 2017.
The article said he might have served in the navy and that he has been incorrectly called a graduate of MIT.
The article says that he attended a vocational high school attached to MIT in 1888 but there is no record that he graduated.
Earl V. Shaffer (November 8, 1918 – May 5, 2002), was an American outdoorsman and author known from 1948 as The Crazy One (and eventually as The Original Crazy One) for attempting what became the first publicized claimed hiking trip in a single season over the entire length of the Appalachian Trail (AT).
Shaffer was born in rural York, Pennsylvania, which lies approximately twenty miles from the AT, and which he always made his home.
In the late 1930s he hiked with a neighbor and close friend, Walter Winemiller, and they made plans to hike the whole of the AT together, after the war that they anticipated the US would eventually enter.
Shaffer enlisted in the army in 1941, was well along in his training at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack, and did arduous and risky service as a forward-area radioman in the South Pacific into 1945.
With sparse equipment that would be regarded as grossly inadequate by most of the through-hikers since – he used worn boots, his army rucksack, and no stove or tent – he reached Mt.
Especially after he overcame the skepticism of Appalachian Trail Conference officials (who initially believed his claim of completing the route was obviously fraudulent), his trip raised public awareness of the Trail.
In 1965 Shaffer hiked in 99 days from Maine to Springer Mountain, which had recently replaced Oglethorpe as the Trail's Georgia end, becoming the first person to claim a complete trip in each direction.
On June 17, 2011, he was inducted into the Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame at the Appalachian Trail Museum as a charter member.
The Saint John River () is a long river that flows from Northern Maine into Canada, and runs south along the western side of New Brunswick, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean in the Bay of Fundy.
A tributary forms 55 km of the border between Quebec and Maine, and much of the border between New Brunswick and Maine follows the river.
Samuel de Champlain visited the mouth of the river on the feast day of John the Baptist in 1604 and named it the Rivière Saint-Jean, now known in English as the Saint John River.
The headwaters are in the New England/Acadian forests of Maine and Quebec, including the Southwest, Northwest, and Baker branches, and the Allagash River flowing into New Brunswick at Edmundston where it is joined by the Madawaska River.
This forest type, also known as the Saint John River Valley Hardwood Forest, once spread of much of the area and has been reduced to less than one percent of the land area because of human activities.
The lower basin, 140 kilometres to Saint John Harbour on the Bay of Fundy, consisting of lakes, islands, wetlands and a tidal estuary.
The final tributary, the Kennebecasis River, is a fjord with a sill, or rise in depth near the mouth of a fjord caused by a terminal moraine.
From Grand Bay, the waterway becomes narrower and deeper forming a gorge where at the Reversing Falls incoming tide forces the flow of water to reverse against the prevailing current.
A wedge of salt water, below a surface covering of fresh water, extends upriver to the 10m shallows at Oak Point beyond which it cannot advance.
In the lower sections in the broader floodplain, flooding may occur during late spring from the volume of water which must make its way through the narrow gorge at the Reversing Falls.
With the water flow in the spring being six times the average rate, the valley has always been prone to flooding in the spring.
Surface runoff from heavy rainfall is the main cause of flooding, and can be exacerbated by ice jams, high tides, and rapid snowmelt.
In 1936 high temperatures quickened snowmelt, and heavy rain raised the water level to 8.9 metres, about 7.6 metres above summer level.
It is predicted that New Brunswick's average temperature will increase by 5 C by the year 2100, and that precipitation will increase.
At the end of the last glacial period, following the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet about 13,000 years ago, the area was stripped bare of vegetation and soil.
Although the basin has been subject to human influence for thousands of years, the Maliseets' impact was minimal partly because of their small numbers, and partly because they practised low intensity agriculture.
When the Europeans arrived, they found that the Saint John River basin was the homeland of the Maliseet tribes, who practiced hunting and gathering and farmed near the banks of the river.
The Maliseet dealt with freshets by having their village above the floodplain, for example Meductic, while cultivating at a lower elevation where the fields were fertilized by the floodwaters.
While the Maliseet saw themselves as part of the ecosystem, the Europeans' Judeo-Christian world view held nature and humans are separate, and that nature is there to be exploited.
During the 1600 and 1700s, French colonists populated the lower river valley as part of Acadia, with Fort Nashwaak in present-day Fredericton, Fort Boishebert at the confluence of the Saint John and Nerepsis rivers.
Decades of warfare between the British colonies in what is now New England and Acadia, led to the expulsion of the Acadians in 1784.
Large numbers of people began settling the area in the early 1800s, mostly Scottish and Irish, and by the end of the 1850s much of the central Saint John valley had been cleared of old-growth forest for farming.
In 1925 a hydroelectric dam was built at Grand Falls, followed in 1955 by the Beechwood Dam and the Mactaquac Dam in 1965.
Construction of the latter two dams has caused a severe decline in migrating Atlantic salmon, and resource authorities have developed fish ladders and other measures to try to revive the migration.
In 2011, the entire watershed was designated the Wolastoq National Historic Site of Canada by National Historic Sites of Canada and is as the traditional territory of the Wolastoqiyik First Nation.
The Northwest Aroostook, Maine unorganized territory has an area of and a population of 10, or one person for every .
Publicly recited by Iqbal the following year at Government College, Lahore, British India (now in Pakistan) it quickly became an anthem of opposition to the British Raj.
The song, an ode to Hindustan—the land comprising present-day Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, was later published in 1924 in the Urdu book Bang-i-Dara.
An abridged version is sung and played frequently as a patriotic song and as a marching song of the Indian Armed Forces.
Iqbal was a lecturer at the Government College, Lahore at that time, and was invited by a student Lala Har Dayal to preside over a function.
Later that year he left for Europe for a three-year sojourn that was to transform him into an Islamic philosopher and a visionary of a future Islamic society.
Two decades later, in his presidential address to the Muslim League annual conference in Allahabad in 1930, he supported a separate nation-state in the Muslim majority areas of the sub-continent, an idea that inspired the creation of Pakistan.
He contributed to photochemistry by inventing the first process for the production and development of cellulose acetate film, which he patented with Becker.
In 1885, he took up studies in chemistry at the University of Aachen, later moved to Berlin, and finally to Erlangen, where he received a doctoral degree in 1890.
In May 1944, he was arrested again on the same charge and deported to the concentration camp Theresienstadt, where he spent 14 months until the end of World War II in Europe, escaping death.
After the liberation, he returned to Berlin, but moved to Bad Wiessee in Bavaria in 1948, where he died the following year at the age of 82.
Impure acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, the active compound of aspirin) had been synthesized already in 1853 by French chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt; the 1897 process developed at Bayer was the first to produce pure ASA that could be used for medical purposes.
Eichengrün first claimed to have invented aspirin in a 1944 letter from Theresienstadt concentration camp, addressed to IG Farben (of which Bayer was a part), where he cited his many contributions to the company (which was highly influential in the concentration camps), including the invention of aspirin, as reasons for why he should be released.
Five years later, Arthur Eichengrün published a paper in Pharmazie in 1949, where he explained that he had instructed Hoffmann to synthesise acetylsalicylic acid and that the latter had done so without knowing the purpose of the work.
The paper elucidated how he planned and directed the synthesis of aspirin along with the synthesis of several related compounds, describing these events in detail.
Eichengrün's account was largely ignored by historians and chemists until 1999, when Walter Sneader of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow re-examined the case and came to the conclusion that indeed Eichengrün's account was convincing and correct and that Eichengrün deserved credit for the invention of aspirin.
Walter Sneader based his claims that Eichengrün both invented the process for synthesizing aspirin and oversaw its clinical testing on old and newly released archived materials, including letters, patents, and lab work.
He found that Hoffman was not credited with inventing the process for synthesizing Aspirin in any documents prior to 1934, 37 years after its initial synthesis.
No indication was given of what the others were, but in 1899 Heinrich Dreser, head of the experimental pharmacology laboratory at Elberfeld, named them in a publication as propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, and benzoyl salicylic acids.
Hoffmann's colleague Otto Bonhoeffer (who also worked under Eichengrün) had been awarded a US and UK patent in 1900 for several of these compounds.
The patents indicate that the derivatives were prepared for the exact purpose of finding a salicylic acid derivative with therapeutic value.
In 1897, protargol, a silver salt of a protein mixture, developed by Eichengrün at Bayer, was introduced as a new drug against gonorrhea.
He went on to develop processes for the manufacture of cellulose acetate materials and devoted the rest of his life to the technical and economic development of plastics, lacquers, enamels, and artificial fibers based on cellulose acetate.
In 1904, he created and patented the first safety film with Becker, (cellulose diacetate) from a process they devised in 1901 for the direct acetylation of cellulose at a low temperature to prevent its degradation, which permitted the degree of acetylation to be controlled, thereby avoiding total conversion to its triacetate.
It was used to manufacture cellulose diacetate cinematographic film, which Eastman Kodak and the Pathé Fréres began to use in 1909.
Cellulose acetate film became the standard in the 1950s, preferred over the highly flammable and unstable nitrate film (better known as celluloid).
In Hawaii, the term can be used in conjunction with other Hawaiian racial and ethnic descriptors to specify a particular racial or ethnic mixture.
Still others take a stronger stand in discouraging its usage and misuse as they consider the term to be vulgar and racist.
However, the term, unlike other words referring to mixed-race people has never been a derogatory term when it is used in its original Hawaiian context although there is some debate about appropriate usage outside this context.
As Wei Ming Dariotis states, Hapa' was chosen because it was the only word we could find that did not really cause us pain.
CODCO was a Canadian comedy troupe from Newfoundland, best known for a sketch comedy series which aired on CBC Television from 1988 to 1993.
The show subsequently opened in St. John's, with Scott Strong replacing Sametz, and then toured the province with Robert Joy replacing Strong.
Mike Jones, Cathy and Andy Jones' brother, was not a performing member of the troupe, but was associated with them as a frequent director of their stage shows.
Their sketches were also strongly reflective of the troupe's background on the stage, sometimes playing more as humorous character or scene studies than as conventional sketch comedy.
Wake of the Week focused on the Furlong sisters, a pair of elderly spinsters who regularly crashed funeral wakes, while The Byrd Family focused on a family of hardened criminals.
In another, a former Newfoundlander now resident in Toronto brought his girlfriend home to meet his parents; the sketch escalated to the brink of violence as the parents tried to explain why the Mi'kmaq, not Newfoundlanders, were responsible for the extinction of the Beothuk.
Malone performed a number of celebrity impersonations, including Margaret Thatcher and Canadian television journalist Barbara Frum, while Sexton did recurring impersonations of Barbara Walters and Tammy Faye Bakker.
In one famous sketch, Malone as Frum moderated a debate between Jones as a gay teacher who had been fired from his job for testing HIV-positive and Sexton as Clarabelle Otterhead, the homophobic president of a lobby group called Citizens Outraged by Weird Sex (or COWS).
Figures such as Anne Murray and Bruce Cockburn were parodied in commercials for compilation albums with satirical lyrics set to the melodies of real songs by the artists, while another sketch was set in a café holding a Leonard Cohen impersonation contest.
The Mount Cashel Orphanage child abuse controversy was very much in the news at the time, and as Newfoundlanders, the CODCO crew quite naturally had very strong opinions on the matter.
Malone ran as a New Democratic Party candidate for Parliament in a Newfoundland by election in 2000, losing narrowly to Loyola Hearn, and as a Green Party candidate in 2019.
The WinChip series was a low-power Socket 7-based x86 processor designed by Centaur Technology and marketed by its parent company IDT.
Instead of a large gate count and die area, IDT, using its experience from the RISC processor market, created a small and electrically efficient processor similar to the 80486, because of its single pipeline and in-order execution microarchitecture.
It was also designed to be a drop-in replacement for the more complex, and thus more expensive, processors it was competing with.
WinChip 2A added fractional multipliers and adopted a 100 MHz front side bus to improve memory access and L2 cache performance.
It also adopted a performance rating nomenclature instead of reporting the real clock speed, similar to contemporary AMD and Cyrix processors.
Although the small die size and low power-usage made the processor notably inexpensive to manufacture, it never gained much market share.
Its floating point performance was simply well below that of the Pentium and K6, being even slower than the Cyrix 6x86.
The industry's move away from Socket 7 and the release of the Intel Celeron processor signalled the end of the WinChip.
The Kane Gang were a pop trio from North East England that scored several UK and US hits in the 1980s.
Vocalists Martin Brammer (born 13 May 1957, Seaham, County Durham) and Paul Woods, plus multi-instrumentalist Dave Brewis formed the trio in 1982, after meeting while in small local bands, and signed to a small record label, which led to a deal with London Records in 1984.
As was the fashion around that time, bands would adapt songs to provide the radio station with a jingle, and embed the hook of the track in the public's consciousness.
Flying officer (Fg Off in the RAF and IAF; ' in the RAAF; ' in the RNZAF; formerly F/O in all services and still frequently in the RAF) is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence.
It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure.
It has a NATO ranking code of OF-1 and is equivalent to a lieutenant in the British Army or the Royal Marines.
On 1 April 1918, the newly created RAF adopted its officer rank titles from the British Army, with Royal Naval Air Service sub-lieutenants (entitled flight sub-lieutenants) and Royal Flying Corps lieutenants becoming lieutenants in the RAF.
However, with the creation of the RAF's own rank structure on 1 August 1919, RAF lieutenants were re-titled flying officers, a rank which has been in continuous use ever since.
In the RAF, aircrew and engineer officers are commissioned directly into the rank of flying officer, while ground branches are commissioned as pilot officers for an initial period of six months.
Time served in the rank of flying officer varies depending on branch before automatic promotion to flight lieutenant; aircrew and BEng qualified officers will serve for a period of 2½ years, MEng qualified engineers for 1½ years, and all other ground branches for 3½ years.
A graduate entrant who has an MEng but is joining a ground branch other than engineer will serve 3½ years as a flying officer – the early promotion for MEng engineers is designed as a recruitment incentive.
In many cases the rank of flying officer is the first rank an air force officer holds after successful completion of his professional training.
A flying officer might serve as a pilot in training, an adjutant, a security officer or an administrative officer and is typically given charge of personnel and/or resources.
By the time aviators have completed their training, they will have served their 2½ years and typically join their frontline squadrons as flight lieutenants.
This is worn on both the lower sleeves of the tunic or on the shoulders of the flying suit or the casual uniform.
The rank insignia on the mess uniform is similar to the naval pattern, being one band of gold running around each cuff but without the Royal Navy's loop.
The rank of flying officer is also used in a number of the air forces in the Commonwealth, including the Bangladesh Air Force, Indian Air Force (IAF), Pakistan Air Force (PAF), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF).
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) used the rank until unification of the three armed services into the Canadian Forces in 1968 and army-type ranks were adopted.
Although the RCAF again became a named organization in the Canadian Forces in 2011, the RCAF continued to retain army-type ranks.
In Unicode, it is at code point and may be typed on many English language Microsoft Windows keyboards with the shortcut +.
For example, they have the opportunity to become a Culinary Arts Specialist, Network Support Technician, Pharmacy Technician, Licensed Vocational Nurse, or Human Resource Administrator.
Myshkin () is a town and the administrative center of Myshkinsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the steep left bank of the Volga.
It was demoted in status to that of an urban-type settlement in Soviet times, but was granted town status again in 1991.
As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Myshkin is incorporated within Myshkinsky Municipal District as Myshkin Urban Settlement.
Its PEAK Curriculum allows students to study in the four knowledge areas of humanities, natural sciences, social sciences and a professional field, enabling them to earn a major and three minors in four years.
The college was conceived in 1884 when the Presbyterian Church's Wood River Presbytery, meeting in Shoshone, formed a commission to examine the possibility of establishing a Presbyterian college somewhere in the Idaho Territory.
The commission found support for such a venture and in 1890 the Presbytery accepted an offer from a group of Caldwell citizens, led by William Judson Boone, to locate the institution in that community.
The first classes were held downtown in the Caldwell Presbyterian Church and a year later the college moved into its own downtown building.
The campus moved to its present site on the east side of town in 1910 when Henry and Carrie Blatchley donated of land.
In 1893, it was incorporated under the laws of the State of Idaho and placed in the hands of a self-perpetuating Board of Trustees.
In 1991, the college's board of trustees unanimously voted to change its name to Albertson College of Idaho to honor alumnus and long-time donor Joe Albertson and his wife Kathryn The couple, who founded one of the country's largest supermarket chains, Albertson's Inc., met in a chemistry class at C of I and were generous benefactors of the college.
On October 10, 2007, college president Bob Hoover announced that the name would revert to The College of Idaho, with the mutual agreement of the J.A.
and Kathryn Albertson Foundation, to promote acceptance and gain financial backing from alumni who were unhappy about the original name change.
The C of I maintains a 63% graduation rate, and there is a 12 to 1 student to faculty ratio; 85% of full-time faculty have their terminal degree.
Minority students make up more than 20% of the student body, and more than one-third of the enrollment identifies as first-generation college students.
The college offers 26 undergraduate majors, 58 undergraduate minors, three graduate programs, and a variety of collaborative programs through 16 departments.
Its teacher education program has been approved by the Idaho State Department of Education since 1913, and its graduates are eligible for certification in all states participating in the Interstate Certification Compact.
Collaborative programs between The College of Idaho and other institutions offer degrees from both with students spending three to four years at C of I and two to three years at the cooperating university.
Collaborative programs in health professions include: nursing, clinical lab science, speech and language pathology and audiology, physical therapy, occupational therapy, pharmacy, pharmaceutical science and public health.
It is made up of four different peaks: humanities & fine arts, social sciences & history, natural sciences & mathematics, and professional studies & enhancement.
Each student under this curriculum is required to major in one of the four peaks, while minoring in the other three.
Between the fall and spring terms, a four-week winter session is offered that stresses experimentation, innovation, creative teaching, and imaginative learning using tutorials, seminars, or independent research methods.
The college has more than 50 student clubs and organizations, with an active student government, the Associated Students of The College of Idaho (ASCI) and strong intramural and club sports programs.
The College's Outdoor Program takes advantage of Idaho's geography and include backpacking, hiking, fly fishing, camping, winter camping, snowshoeing, kayaking, rafting, rock climbing, backcountry skiing, inner tubing, and stargazing.
Other student organizations include student government, the Resident Hall Association, the Student Philanthropy Council, Campus Ministries, the International Student Organization, etc.
The college has three fraternities: Delta Tau Delta, Kappa Sigma, and Sigma Chi, and four sororities: Gamma Phi Beta, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Gamma, and Sigma Epsilon.
The College of Idaho is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and United States Collegiate Ski and Snowboard Association (USCSA).
The College primarily competes in the Cascade Collegiate Conference (CCC), although it is a member of the Frontier Conference for football, the Pacific Northwest Collegiate Lacrosse League (PNCLL) for men's lacrosse and the Northwest Collegiate Ski Conference (NWCSC) for men's and women's skiing.
The men's and women's ski teams have won 48 individual and team national championships while competing in the Northwest Collegiate Ski Conference of the United States Collegiate Ski and Snowboard Association.
The men's baseball team has qualified for postseason play every year since 1987, winning the Division II NAIA national men's basketball championship in 1998.
The men's basketball team is currently coached by former UCLA assistant coach Scott Garson and has earned back-to-back Cascade Conference championships and NAIA National Tournament appearances while going undefeated on its home floor.
C of I student-athletes continue to earn high marks in the class room and are among the annual leaders in scholar-athlete and academic All-America honorees.
The natural history museum serves three main purposes: to support the educational programs at The College of Idaho, to provide a resource to the community, and to house resources for scientific research.
It was reopened in 1976 in the basement of Boone Hall, driven by the need to house collections from the College of Idaho expeditions led by Dr. Robert Bratz and the current director, William H. Clark.
The personal papers of Robert E. Smylie and the legislative papers of former senator Steve Symms are located at the College.
Jewett Auditorium hosts the Caldwell Fine Arts Series which was founded in 1961 as a co-operative effort between the college and community leaders to present world class events and artists.
The performances sponsored by the Caldwell Fine Arts Series have included a wide variety of disciplines: solo artists, chamber music, orchestra, theater, opera, ballet, ethnic dance and jazz.
Samuel Smith has been principal cellist of the Ft. Wayne Philharmonic where he was a frequent soloist and a member of the Freimann Quartet.
He has served as assistant principal cellist of the Florida Symphony, and has been on the adjunct faculty at Anderson College and the summer faculty at Ball State University.
David Johnson has been principal violist of the Iceland Symphony and the Ft. Wayne Philharmonic, and a member of the Freimann Quartet.
David was assistant principal violist for the Grant Park Symphony in Chicago and holds a Master of Music degree from Indiana University.
He has been guest concertmaster of the Royal Philharmonic and the London Symphony as well as the Northern Sinfonia, BBC Welsh and BBC Philharmonic Orchestras.
It consists of a glomerulus - a tuft of capillaries composed of endothelial cells, and a glomerular capsule known as Bowman's capsule.
The renal corpuscle filtration barrier is composed of: the fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, the fused basal lamina of endothelial cells and podocytes, and the filtration slits of the podocytes.
This barrier permits passage of water, ions, and small molecules from the bloodstream into Bowman's space (the space between the visceral and parietal layers).
Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method in chemical analysis that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample.
The titration cell also consists of a smaller compartment with a cathode immersed in the anode solution of the main compartment.
The amount of charge needed to generate I and reach the end point can then be used to calculate the amount of water in the original sample.
The volumetric titration is based on the same principles as the coulometric titration except that the anode solution above now is used as the titrant solution.
The titrant consists of an alcohol (ROH), base (B), SO and a known concentration of I. Pyridine has been used as the base in this case.
The popularity of the Karl Fischer titration (henceforth referred to as KF) is due in large part to several practical advantages that it holds over other methods of moisture determination, such as accuracy, speed and selectivity.
For example, in order to obtain an accuracy of 1% using a scale with the typical accuracy of 0.2 mg, the sample must contain 20 mg water, which is e.g.
Volumetric KF readily measures samples up to 100%, but requires impractically large amounts of sample for analytes with less than 0.05% water.
The glass walls of the vessel adsorb water, and if any water leaks into the cell, the slow release of water into the titration solution can continue for a long time.
Many common substances, especially foods such as chocolate, release water slowly and with difficulty, and require additional efforts to reliably bring the total water content into contact with the Karl Fischer reagents.
KF has problems with compounds with strong binding to water, as in water of hydration, for example with lithium chloride, so KF is unsuitable for the special solvent LiCl/DMAc.
Generally, KF is conducted using a separate KF titrator or for volumetric titration, a KF titration cell installed into a general-purpose titrator.
Morimoto received practical training in sushi and traditional Kaiseki cuisine in Hiroshima, and opened his own restaurant in that city in 1980.
Architecturally, this New York City restaurant has exposed concrete, a signature element of architect Tadao Ando, who designed the restaurant in collaboration with Goto Design Group and structural engineers Leslie E. Robertson Associates.
Chef Morimoto has also developed a line of specialty beers in collaboration with Rogue Ales of Newport, Oregon, consisting of the Imperial Pilsner, Soba Ale, and Black Obi Soba Ale.
In 2005, he partnered with businessmen Paul Ardaji,  a credited Film Producer (ALI) starring Will Smith, and Paul Ardaji, Jr., through Ardaji Restaurant Ventures, LLC in an aborted Asian bistro venture which was to be called PauliMotos Asian Bistro.
In mathematics, the medial category Med, that is, the category of medial magmas has as objects sets with a medial binary operation, and morphisms given by homomorphisms of operations (in the universal algebra sense).
An injective endomorphism can be extended to an automorphism of a magma extension—the colimit of the constant sequence of the endomorphism.
The St. John's River is a distributary of the Kaweah River in the San Joaquin Valley of California in the United States.
The distributary flows west along the north side of the city of Visalia, where it joins Elbow Creek, continuing west to Cross Creek.
Tulare lake was the terminal sink of an endorheic basin in southern San Joaquin Valley which was also watered by the Kern, Tule, and by some distributaries of the Kings River.
It flows then westerly to Cross Creek at a point north of Goshen and back into Elbow Creek at the confluence of Elbow and Cross creeks.
In 1889, the Tulare Irrigation District was organized, and that body constructed a series of canals which diverted water from the river.
In 1906, the St. John's River levee broke, and water poured into Visalia from the north, which helped cause the floods of 1906.
The first reference to the village, in 861, mentions one Langandune, but a reference in 1291 mentions Estlangedoun and Westlangedone, the latter village of West Langdon being located about to the northwest.
Illwinter's games are characterized by large amount of content, depth, lasting playability, support for multiple platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris and Windows included), good multiplayer support and simple visual and sound effects.
Labor division within the tiny team is simple: Kristoffer Osterman creates the units, spells and descriptions while Johan Karlsson makes everything else work.
Petrovskoye () is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Rostovsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, situated on a major highway leading from Moscow to the Russian North, about halfway between the towns of Rostov and Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Jaws: The Revenge (also known as Jaws 4: The Revenge or Jaws 4) is a 1987 American horror thriller film produced and directed by Joseph Sargent, and starring Lorraine Gary, Lance Guest, Mario Van Peebles, and Michael Caine.
The film focuses on a now-widowed Ellen Brody (Lorraine Gary) and her conviction that a great white shark is seeking revenge on her family, particularly when it kills her son, and follows her to the Bahamas.
On Amity Island, Martin Brody, famous for his role as the police chief and his heroism, has recently died from a heart attack.
Sean now works as a police deputy like his father and when is dispatched to clear a log from a buoy a few days before Christmas, a great white shark appears and tears his arm off.
Michael is working in the Bahamas as a marine biologist and on his arrival, Ellen demands that he stops his work.
A few days later, Michael, Jake and their crew encounter the shark, which followed the family all the way from Amity.
Jake is eager to do research on it because great white sharks have never been seen in the Bahamas due to the warm water.
During the day, Ellen is able to keep her mind off the shark, but at night begins to have nightmares of being attacked by it.
While Carla presents her new art sculpture, the shark attacks the back of the boat Thea is on since she is the second to last person.
After Thea is safe, Ellen boards Jake's boat to track down the shark, intending to kill it to save the rest of her family.
Michael and Jake are flown by Hoagie to search for Ellen, and they find the shark in pursuit of their boat, during the search, Hoagie explains to Michael about Ellen's belief that the shark that killed Sean is after her family.
When they find her, Hoagie lands the plane on the water, ordering Michael and Jake to swim to the boat as the shark drags the plane and Hoagie underwater.
As Jake moves to the front of the boat, the shark lunges, giving it the chance to pull Jake under and maul him alive.
Michael begins blasting the shark with the impulses, which begin to drive it mad; it repeatedly jumps out of the water, roaring in pain.
Michael continues to blast the shark with the impulses, causing it to leap out of the water again, igniting the bomb.
Ellen steers the sailboat towards the shark while thinking back to Sean's demise, the shark's attack on Thea, and when her husband defeated the first shark.
As the shark's corpse then sinks to the bottom of the ocean, Michael then hears Jake calling for help, seriously injured, but alive and conscious, floating in the water.
Like the first two films of the series, Martha's Vineyard was the location of the fictional Amity Island for the film's opening scenes.
The majority of the extras were used as members of the local high school band, chorus and dramatic society that can be seen as the Brody's walk through the town, and during Sean's attack.
The special effects team, headed by Henry Millar, had arrived at South Beach, Nassau on January 12, 1987, almost a month before principal photography commenced there.
The shark was to be launched from atop an long platform, made from the trussed turret of a crane, and floated out into Clifton Bay.
Two models were fully articulated, two were made for jumping, one for ramming, one was a half shark (the top half) and one was just a fin.
The two fully articulated models each had 22 sectioned ribs and movable jaws covered by a flexible water-based latex skin, measured in length and weighed 2500 pounds.
Also, a replica of Nassau's Clifton Bay and its skyline was created on the man-made Falls Lake on the studio backlot.
The shark then causes the boat to break apart with its death contortions, forcing the people on the boat to jump off to avoid going down with it.
Following this, a different ending was ordered to be shot for foreign distribution in which the shark gets stabbed with the bow sprit and then explodes with Jake being found wounded but alive.
Other sources claim that the re-shot ending began filming only five days after the film was released and was intended for the version released in Europe.
If he had accepted it, it was his Martin Brody character, rather than Sean Brody, who would have been killed by the shark at the film's beginning.
Gary states that one of the reasons she was attracted to the film was the idea of an on-screen romance with Oscar winner Michael Caine.
Although disappointed not to be able to collect an Academy Award because of filming in the Bahamas, he was glad to be involved in the film.
Unlike the preceding entries in the series, the soundtrack was not released at the same time as the film, although Small appears to have mixed tracks for a release.
In Searls' novel, the character of Jake is ultimately killed by the shark; Jake was originally supposed to die in the film, but the script was changed to allow him to survive.
The novelization suggests that the shark may be acting under the influence of a vengeful voodoo witch doctor (who has a feud with the Brody family), and the shark's apparent revenge has magical implications.
The novelization makes a reference to Ellen Brody's affair with Matt Hooper, a subplot that exists in Benchley's novel but is entirely absent from the film adaptation.
It remains one of the few films to hold a 0% score on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 35 reviews, with an average rating of 2.04/10.
1,193 miles) in less than three days, somehow knowing that the Brody family went to the Bahamas, or following Michael through an underwater labyrinth, as well as the implication of such a creature seeking revenge.
The special effects were criticized, especially some frames of the shark being speared by the boat's prow, and the mechanisms propelling the shark can be plainly seen in some shots.
As those ships were retrofitted and modernized between 1966 and 1977, the missiles were removed (in favor of the SS-N-2 on the Kildin class and an anti-aircraft/anti-submarine weapons suite on the Kanin class).
Original mode is unchanged from the Genesis games, Normal mode slightly alters the stage layouts to create a unique (often less difficult) experience, and Easy mode adds platforms and removes many obstacles and some levels.
Missions include collecting rings, reaching goalposts, and locating Tails; if all the missions are completed, the player is given the opportunity to view the credits.
During the Great Plague of 1665 the area of Derby, England, fell victim to the bubonic plague epidemic, with many deaths.
Some areas of Derby still carry names that record the 1665 visitation such as Blagreaves Lane which was Black Graves Lane, while Dead Man's Lane speaks for itself.
It has been claimed by some historians that bodies were buried standing upright at St. Peter's Church, Derby, but this legend has been refuted by experts.
During the epidemic, trade almost ceased and the population faced possible starvation, as well as a cruel death by infection with the plague.
Market stones took many forms, here we see the stone placed at Friar Gate (formerly Nuns Green) at the northern road into Derby (England).
Eyam Museum in the village of Eyam in the Peak District, Derbyshire, has a special emphasis on the Plague as it struck Eyam.
Although he never reached his ultimate goal, the holy city of Lhasa in Tibet, he traveled through regions then unknown to the West, such as northern Tibet (modern Tibet Autonomous Region), Amdo (now Qinghai) and Dzungaria (now northern Xinjiang).
He also described several species previously unknown to European science: Przewalski's horse, Przewalski's gazelle, and the Wild Bactrian camel, all of which are now endangered.
His intention was to explore the basin of the Ussuri River, a major tributary of the Amur on the Russian–Chinese frontier.
The results of these expanded journeys opened a new era for the study of Central Asian geography as well as studies of the fauna and flora of this immense region that were relatively unknown to his Western contemporaries.
Przhevalsky died of typhus not long before the beginning of his fifth journey, at Karakol on the shore of Issyk Kul in present-day Kyrgyzstan.
Less than a year after his premature death, Mikhail Pevtsov succeeded Przhevalsky at the head of his expedition into the depths of Central Asia.
There is another place named after Przhevalsky: he had lived in a small village called Sloboda, Smolensk Oblast, Russia from 1881-7 (except the period of his travels) and he apparently loved it.
He purportedly argued that imperial China's hold on its northern territories, in particular Xinjiang and Mongolia, was tenuous and uncertain, and Przhevalsky openly called for Russia's annexation of bits and pieces of China's territory.
Przhevalsky, as well as other contemporary explorers including Sven Hedin, Francis Younghusband, and Aurel Stein, were active players in the British–Russian struggle for influence in Central Asia, the so-called Great Game.
These statements were made in a report in which Przhevalsky recommended that Russian troops occupy the Kashgarian emirate, but the Russian government took no action, and China recaptured Kashgar.
Przhevalsky not only disdained Chinese ethnic groups, he also viewed the eight million non-Chinese peoples of Tibet, Turkestan, and Mongolia as uncivilized, evolutionarily backwards people who needed to be freed from Chinese rule.
Przhevalsky proposed Russia provoke rebellions of the Buddhist and Muslim peoples in these areas of China against the Chinese regime, start a war with China, and, with a small number of Russian troops, wrest control of Turkestan from China.
According to one legend, during their last meeting Nuromskaya cut off her braid and gave it to him, saying that the braid would travel with him until their marriage.
Another woman in Przhevalsky's life was a mysterious young lady whose portrait, along with a fragment of poetry, was found in Przhevalsky's album.
M. Khachaturova, a Tbilisi resident, who happened to know an unnamed old lady, the original bearer of the secret, was considered to be a whistleblower of the myth about Stalin's mother alleged promiscuity.
However, Przhevalsky's visits to Georgia are not recorded, and G. Egnatashvili, a family friend of the Jughashvilis, didn't recollect anything which could possibly substantiate those claims.
During the Stalin era any talk concerning his ancestry and childhood was a public taboo, but the ferocity, with which the legend was debunked after the Stalin's death with the entire monographs written in order to disprove the myth (up until the 2010s,) also was considered by some as a further proof of veracity of the Przhevalsky's alleged one-night-stand theory.
John Gallagher served as the first Principal of Carlow RTC and subsequentially held the post of director of the IT Carlow.
Institute of Technology Carlow currently ranks as the second-largest of Ireland's 14 Institutes of Technology with more than 8,448 enrolments and 851 staff, and has generated over 55,000 graduates since its founding in 1970.
Institute of Technology Carlow provides higher educational programmes, and research and enterprise development opportunities, through its centres in Carlow, Wexford, and Wicklow; the Institute offers more than 80 taught programmes to Level 9 on the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ).
Institute of Technology Carlow has the highest percentage of full-time postgraduates in the technological sector, the highest undergraduate progression rate at Level 8 in the higher education sector and the highest percentage of Lifelong Learners in the sector.
The presence of the Institute was a consideration in the decision of UNUM (strategic software services centre, 2008) and Merck Sharp & Dohme (human vaccines and biologics, 2007) to locate in Carlow.
IT Carlow provides higher educational full-time courses, along with research and enterprise development opportunities, through its centres in Carlow and Wexford.
In addition, IT Carlow has educational and research partnerships and collaborations with national and international industries and higher educational institutions in Europe.
IT Carlow has a portfolio of almost 100 Masters, Honours & Ordinary Degree and Higher Certificate courses delivered by 9 different departments and campuses.
In 2015, IT Carlow launched its €5.5million Centre for Aerospace Engineering, comprising an avionics workshop and fleet of aircraft inside its own hangar.
It Carlow offers degree courses in aerospace engineering and pilot studies, while its BEng in Aircraft Systems is the only one of its kind in Ireland.
IT Carlow's degree courses in Sport & Exercise, delivered in partnership with the Football Association of Ireland (FAI), Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) and Leinster Rugby Club.
With a student population of 7,000 (2015/16), IT Carlow has a portfolio of over 80 taught courses to Level 8 on the NFQ, seven taught courses to Level 9 on the NFQ, a research portfolio to Doctoral level (Level 10 NFQ) in the Sciences and Technology, and a research platform in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences.
Having trained almost 45,000 graduates to date, IT Carlow's current student population comprises leaving certificate entrants, a European and international student body, an increasing proportion of mature students and learners from disadvantaged backgrounds, as well as a number of part-time learners (approximately 33% of the total IT Carlow WTE).
The Institute's RDI activities are supported by various campus-based specialist centres and campus companies, which include the Campus Innovation Centre and the Enterprise & Research Incubation Centre and, in particular, its research facility, the Dargan Centre.
The institute has been planning a joint application with Waterford IT for the formation of a technological university for the south east region since the mid-2010s.
In 1927, Camps Canal was built, which linked the basin to the Orange Lake through the River Styx and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean.
Lake Okeechobee drains into the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lucie River, the West Palm Beach Canal, the Hillsboro Canal, the North New River Canal, and the Miami Canal, and into the Gulf of Mexico via the Caloosahatchee Canal which connects to the head of the Caloosahatchee River.
On 30 March 2001, he was elected by the Parliament to replace Halid Genjac as substitute member of the Presidency, following the withdrawal of Alija Izetbegović.
Following the elections in 2006, Belkić served as Chairman of the House of Representatives from 11 January to 11 September 2007.
Obrad Piljak (); 1933 – 7 April 2013) was a Bosnian politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, from April 1989 to December 1990.
He was the last nominated (non-elected) member of the Communist party of Bosnia and Herzegovina to serve as Presidency chairman, before the first multi-party elections were held in 1990 and Alija Izetbegović replaced him in his post.
William Bendix (January 14, 1906 – December 14, 1964) was an American film, radio, and television actor, who typically played rough, blue-collar characters.
Bendix, named William after his paternal German grandfather, was born in Manhattan, the only child of Oscar and Hilda (Carnell) Bendix.
In the early 1920s, Bendix was a batboy for the New York Yankees and said he saw Babe Ruth hit more than 100 home runs at Yankee Stadium.
However, he was fired after fulfilling Ruth's request for a large order of hot dogs and soda before a game, which resulted in Ruth being unable to play that day.
Bendix had appeared in the stage version, but in the role of Officer Krupp (a role played on film by Broderick Crawford).
Producer and creator Irving Brecher saw Bendix as the perfect personification of Chester A. Riley, giving a second chance to a show whose audition failed when the sponsor spurned Groucho Marx for the lead.
The reworked script cast Bendix as blundering Chester A. Riley, a wing riveter at the fictional Cunningham Aircraft plant in California.
Despite winning an Emmy award, the show was cancelled, in part because Gleason was less acceptable as Riley, since Bendix had been so identified with the part on radio.
He returned for a second appearance on October 1, 1959, the fourth-season premiere of the series, in which he and Tennessee Ernie performed a comedy skit about a safari.
In Fall 1964, an American situation comedy starring Bendix and Martha Raye was scheduled to air on CBS, but due to Bendix's shaky health, the network decided not to air the program.
This action resulted in a lawsuit from Bendix for $2.658 million in May, with the actor stating that the decision hurt his career and that he was in excellent health and could perform all of the requirements of the agreement.
In the 1944 presidential election, for instance, he attended the massive rally organized by David O. Selznick in the Los Angeles Coliseum in support of the Dewey-Bricker ticket as well as Governor Earl Warren of California, who became Dewey's running mate in 1948 and later the Chief Justice of the United States.
The gathering drew 93,000, with Cecil B. DeMille as the master of ceremonies and with short speeches by Hedda Hopper and Walt Disney.
Among the others in attendance were Ann Sothern, Ginger Rogers, Randolph Scott, Adolphe Menjou, Gary Cooper, Edward Arnold, Lionel Barrymore, Leo Carrillo, and Walter Pidgeon.
Bendix died in Los Angeles at age 58 in 1964, the result of a chronic stomach ailment that brought on malnutrition and ultimately lobar pneumonia.
Helmut Heinrich Koester (December 18, 1926 – January 1, 2016) was a German-born American scholar of the New Testament and early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School.
His research was primarily in the areas of New Testament interpretation, history of early Christianity, and archaeology of the early Christian period.
He studied under Rudolf Bultmann at the University of Marburg, Germany, after being released from a POW camp there in 1945.
He submitted his dissertation in 1954 and then became an assistant to Günther Bornkamm at the University of Heidelberg from 1954-1956.
Koester began teaching at Harvard Divinity School in 1958 and became John H. Morison Research Professor of Divinity and Winn Research Professor of Ecclesiastical History in 2000.
He served as the president of the Society of Biblical Literature (1991), was member of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas (SNTS) and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
This was an extremely significant observation, and one with which all subsequent scholarship on early Christian gospel traditions would have to reckon.
In her conversation with Harvard's Dean of Depositions, Pagels found out that she was not the only one who had complained against Koester.
Puffing Billy is the world's oldest surviving steam locomotive, constructed in 1813–1814 by coal viewer William Hedley, enginewright Jonathan Forster and blacksmith Timothy Hackworth for Christopher Blackett, the owner of Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne, in the United Kingdom.
It was the first commercial adhesion steam locomotive, employed to haul coal chaldron wagons from the mine at Wylam to the docks at Lemington-on-Tyne in Northumberland.
During this time Christopher Blackett, owner of the Wylam Colliery, took advantage of the pit's idleness to experiment with the idea of a locomotive-hauled tramway worked purely by adhesion, rather than the Blenkinsop rack system used on the Middleton.
These began with a simple hand-cranked wagon, converted from a coal wagon chassis with the addition of a central drive shaft and geared drives to the axles.
It is unclear whether the single cylinder was vertical or horizontal, and whether the boiler had a single straight flue or a return flue.
The 'travelling engine' was successful as a prototype, but underpowered and prone to stalling when overloaded or faced by a gradient.
They were both rebuilt in 1815 with ten wheels, but were returned to their original condition in 1830 when the railway was relaid with stronger rails.
It had two vertical cylinders on either side of the boiler, and partly enclosed by it, and drove a single crankshaft beneath the frames, from which gears drove and also coupled the wheels allowing better traction.
Running on cast-iron wagonway plates, its eight-ton weight was too heavy and broke them, encouraging opponents of locomotive traction to criticise the innovation.
The primary starting point, operations and administration centre, main refreshment room (also selling souvenirs) and ticket purchasing are located at Belgrave station.
Journeys may also be commenced at out-stations of which some have limited facilities for the purchase of tickets, refreshments and souvenirs.
The railway was originally one of five narrow gauge lines of the Victorian Railways opened around the beginning of the 20th century.
Being close to the city of Melbourne and with a post-preservation history spanning over 50 years, the line is one of the most popular steam heritage railways in the world, and attracts tourists from all over Australia and overseas.
The Puffing Billy Railway is kept in operation through the efforts of volunteers of the Puffing Billy Preservation Society, although intensive year-round operations have led to a few dozen paid employees to keep things going behind the scenes.
The railway aims to preserve and restore the line as near as possible to how it was in the first three decades of its existence, but with particular emphasis on the early 1920s.
Operations are centred on Belgrave, which houses the main offices of the railway (other offices are located at Emerald) as well as the locomotive running shed and locomotive workshops.
The railway operates every day of the year except Christmas Day, with at least three and up to six advertised services departing Belgrave each day.
Passengers are encouraged to dress in 1920s-era costume and participate in a murder mystery which involves actors on board the train and concluding during the meal at Nobelius Siding.
As a result of a crash between a train and a minibus at the Menzies Creek level crossing on 5 March 2018, this practice has been prohibited until further notice.
The railway owns every remaining narrow gauge locomotive of the former Victorian Railways, and has restored to operating condition all except one, although not all are in serviceable condition at any one time.
This fleet comprises five restored and one unrestored 2-6-2T A class locomotives (3A is unrestored, while 6A, 7A, 8A, 12A and 14A have all been restored), and one G class Garratt (G 42) locomotive.
In December 2019 a completely rebuilt and re-gauged NG/G16 Garratt locomotive (NG129) originally imported from South Africa in 1996 entered service on the railway to complement the operational capabilities of the G class Garratt (G 42) locomotive.
The two Garratt locomotives (G42 and NG129) can haul up to 16 carriages in a train whereas the NA class locomotives are limited to pulling 8 to 10 carriages.
The railway also has a number of other smaller steam locomotives from various sources in its museum collection, either on static display or in operating condition.
These include a Peckett 0-4-0ST and Decauville 0-4-0T formerly from the West Melbourne Gasworks, and a Climax geared locomotive from the Tyers Valley Tramway.
None of these locomotives are powerful or fast enough to operate on regular services, however they can occasionally be seen on special trains and at events such as Thomas the Tank Engine days.
The Climax engine has been restored for this purpose as this engine has a commodious driving cab and is unique in Australia.
The railway also operates three diesel locomotives which are used on days of total fire ban, plant or works trains, or when insufficient steam locomotives are available, including in emergencies.
The diesel locomotives originally operated on railways in Tasmania (D21, formerly V12) and Queensland (D5, formerly DH5 and later CC02, and D31, formerly DH59), and were regauged and rebuilt for use on the Puffing Billy Railway.
There is also a diesel Rail Tractor (RT 1) used mainly for shunting rolling stock in association with the Carriage Workshops.
The mainstay of the carriage fleet are the 15 NBH open-sided carriages built specially for tourist traffic on the Gembrook line by the VR between 1918 and 1919, and a further 10 vehicles built to the same or similar design in the preservation era.
In addition, four carriages were obtained from the Mount Lyell Railway in Tasmania after its closure in 1963, and regauged and reclassified for Puffing Billy use, numbered 1–4NAL.
A number of NQR low-sided goods trucks have also been modified for passenger use, making them similar to the NBH carriages.
Another three NQR trucks have been fitted with seats but no roof and are only used during the summer peak season.
Representatives of all classes of goods vehicles and brake vans (including combined brake van and passenger carriage) used on the narrow gauge lines of the Victorian Railways are to be found on the Puffing Billy line, and are used for works trains, storage, and occasional heritage trains recreating the look of trains in the 1920s.
When the Puffing Billy Preservation Society was formed in 1955, the line was still under the control and ownership of the Victorian Railways (VR).
The Society arranged for the VR to run the train on weekends and holidays, with the Society guaranteeing the VR against losses from insufficient ticket sales.
When the line reopened in 1962 (between Belgrave and Menzies Creek), Society volunteers took a larger role, manning stations, selling and checking tickets, and doing non-safety-critical maintenance on the train, and track maintenance under the supervision of a VR ganger.
Ticket revenue went into an account on which the VR drew to pay for their staff involved in running the line.
The Victorian Railways were not in the preservation business, and the arrangement was less than ideal, so in 1977 the Victorian Government passed the Emerald Tourist Railway Act 1977 (No.
9020) to set up the Emerald Tourist Railway Board as a statutory authority to take over ownership and operation of the railway from the VR.
The Act requires that the Board have between five and ten members, four of which are to be nominated by the Puffing Billy Preservation Society.
Successive governments have had sufficient confidence in the Board that they have never appointed their full entitlement, effectively leaving control of the Board in the hands of Society nominees.
With the Board, volunteers were now able to take on more responsible roles, including filling the positions of signalmen, guards, and firemen, and later drivers, although the Board does employ staff drivers to provide the core of the driving tasks.
It originally ran from Upper Ferntree Gully station, the terminus of the broad gauge line from Melbourne and now part of Melbourne's suburban railway system, but it now begins at Belgrave.
Today the former line between Upper Ferntree Gully and Belgrave is serviced by Metro Trains Melbourne suburban electric trains, while the line beyond Belgrave has been reopened by the Puffing Billy Preservation Society.
At the end of 1954, the railways desired a scheme to minimise their financial risks if the train was to run indefinitely.
The society then started work on restoring the Belgrave to Lakeside section, and on 28 July 1962, restored train operation between Belgrave and Menzies Creek.
Rover Scouts attending the 7th World Rover Moot held at Wonga Park assisted in the clearing of the line between Belgrave and Menzies Creek as part of the event's community service component.
Subsequently, operations were gradually extended over the remainder of the original line through Clematis to Emerald in 1965 and Lakeside in 1975 before reaching Gembrook, which was completed in 1998, reopening on 18 October of that year.
Whitehead had been convicted and jailed in 1959 of molesting a boy scout, but returned to his job on the railways at the request of Sir Murray Porter.
He joined the Puffing Billy Railway as a volunteer in 1961 and rose to become Secretary of the Puffing Billy Preservation Society.
In 2018, the ombudsman's report on the case found that the board of the railway had known about Whitehead's activities and had actively protected him.
Without the input of hundreds of volunteers who put themselves on rosters for a wide range of duties, the line would not be economical.
Solo One was a TV police drama series produced by Crawford Productions that screened in 1976, filmed and set in Emerald, Victoria, about a local (fictional) policeman dealing with crime in the town, however it was aimed at a younger audience than most Australian TV police dramas.
The characters of Darren Stark and Libby Kennedy lost young Louise Carpenter and chased after the train en route to Belgrave on a motorbike to catch up with her after discovering she had boarded it.
A couple of children's story-books have been published featuring Puffing Billy, telling the story of its rescue, but with a great deal of artistic license.
It includes areas within the municipality of Oslo, but also large areas in Hole, Ringerike, Jevnaker, Lunner, Nittedal, Bærum, Asker, and other municipalities in Oppland and Akershus counties.
Though not designated a borough of Oslo, it is a major recreational area for the population of Oslo, and development in the area is for the most part prohibited.
Neighboring municipalities (most of which lie in Akershus) do not have the same kind of administrative division as Oslo, and thus do not have any separate administrative arrangement for their parts of the area.
The players play the role of the god of one out of 17 different nations and battle each other for the dominance of a fantasy world.
Each god-type costs design points which can be spent on the god's dominion properties, his/her magical abilities, or on the national castle type.
The god's initial magic levels also determine the effect of the god's blessing, a special ability which enhances certain types of sacred troops.
A god who wields powerful fire magic will enhance the attack skill of such troops and even set their weapons ablaze, whereas a god who focuses on nature magic will instead allow them to go berserk.
It is possible to make a god who excels at magic and magical research but is physically weak, as well as a near-unkillable warrior-god with barely any magical powers at all.
Dominion effects are adjusted by using design points to 'tilt' 6 scales (graphically 6 balance scales), which represent the nature of the god which becomes manifest in territory under his dominion.
Each player's turn is a process of assessing the apparent opportunities and risks, and acting to advance their plans for world domination.
Recruiting new units, sending messages to other players, reviewing the provinces' tax and unrest levels, and directing magic research are all ways of directing the nation overall.
Players also give specific orders to each of their commanders at the strategic level, such as attacking enemy territory (with any troops under their command); casting a ritual magic spell; forging a magical object; assassinating an enemy commander while hiding in enemy domain; or constructing a building (temple, laboratory, or castle).
Planning for combat involves organizing troops under commanders and issuing up to five tactical battle instructions (such as magic spells to cast) to the commanders, and simpler orders to troop squads.
Each commander can control up to 5 squads and his leadership skills limit the total and kinds of troops he can command.
Troops and commanders are organized and a simple overhead-view grid can be used to place them in specific starting locations for combat.
The players can now view the results of last turn's orders and events, watch the replays of the battles and proceed with the planning phase of the next turn.
Dominion (how much a province believes in your god versus another player's) affects not only combat morale but also the local settings of the province such as climate, richness, luck/bad events or available supply.
Each nation and theme also have a set of national heroes, which may appear and volunteer to serve as leaders as the game progresses, unless that nation is unlucky.
The kinds of tactical commands include whether to attack, delay an attack, retreat, fire missile weapons, use melee weapons or which kind of enemy to target.
Players can tell them exactly what spells to cast, or exactly how long to wait before performing another kind of action.
Many nations also have access to unique spells or choices of Pretender, as well as various abilities such as a bonus to castle defense, dominion which spreads death and decay, and more.
Many nations may be found in several variants, known as themes, each of which represents a different historical era or alternate timeline.
Ermor's two alternate themes (which may be interpreted as the future of default Ermor), Ashen Empire and Soul Gate, are both wholly undead nations with radically different units and abilities.
Having the same name as a German city, this nation could be loosely based on medieval Germany, which is also famous for armor along with other forge knowledge.
It was also noted that because of the large number of options, it is unlikely that a game will be repeated in the same way more than once.
The user interface, despite being streamlined from the original, was still described as cumbersome and unintuitive in areas, requiring the player to forcibly exit the game in order to correct errors in turn phases.
Wilton Abbey was a Benedictine convent in Wiltshire, England, three miles from Salisbury on the site now occupied by Wilton House.
It was one of the most powerful nunneries in Medieval England, and one of only four nunneries to hold a barony alongside Shaftesbury, Barking, and St Mary's Abbey, Winchester.
A first foundation was made as a college of secular priests by Wulfstan, Ealdorman of Wiltshire, about 773, but after his death (802) was changed into a convent for twelve nuns by his widow, Saint Alburga, sister of Egbert of Wessex.
King Alfred, after his temporary success against the Danes at Wilton in 871, founded a new convent on the site of the royal palace and united to it the older foundation.
Two daughters of king Edward the Elder and Ælfflæd, Eadflæd and Æthelhild, probably joined the community, Eadflæd as a nun and Æthelhild as a lay sister.
Their half-brother, king Æthelstan, made two grants of land to a congregation at Wilton in the 930s, including one in 937 for the remission of his sins and those of Eadflæd.
Wulfthryth of Wilton, the wife (or concubine) of Edgar, King of the English (959-75), was abbess of Wilton between the early 960s and about 1000.
According to Stenton, she was a nun when Edgar (who could not have been more than sixteen at the time, and she a bit older) abducted her from the abbey and carried her off to his palace at Kemsing, near Sevenoaks.
Abduction of a bride was not uncommon in pre-Christian and early Christian Anglo-Saxon society, and it is unknown how much of her abduction was with her consent.
Nevertheless, she was held at Kemsing for two years, during which time she bore Edgar a daughter Saint Edith, whom he acknowledged and supported for the rest of his life.
St. Dunstan, an advisor to Edgar, later talked the king into doing penance for the abduction: reportedly, Edgar refrained from wearing his crown for seven years.
By the early 960's, Wulfthryth was installed as abbess back at Wilton (where she raised her daughter), and Edgar had bestowed the abbey with treasure and land.
Having been given wealth by the king, and being of a noble background herself, Wulfthryth used her wealth to build up Wilton's relic collection.
She was also able to use her royal connections to protect Wilton in other ways, such as securing the release of two Wilton priests who had been imprisoned by the reeve of Wilton.
Her daughter died between 984 and 987 at the age of 23, and her mother and various royalty, as well as enormous local popular support, promoted her cult as a saint.
In 1003 Sweyn, King of Denmark, destroyed the town of Wilton but we do not know whether the abbey shared its fate.
Edith of Wessex, the wife of Edward the Confessor, who had been educated at Wilton, rebuilt the abbey in stone; it had formerly been of wood.
The Abbess of Wilton held an entire barony from the king, a privilege shared by only three other English nunneries, Shaftesbury, Barking, and St Mary's Abbey, Winchester.
The abbess had the privilege to appoint offices in her realm, which made her an important patron; her most prestigious cause of patronage was her right to appoint deacon to the conventual church, which had a great deal of clergymen in office at any given time.
Wilton Abbey was favored by the royal family and given many rich donations from members of the royal family, such as from Henry I and queen Maud.
The king, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Salisbury, and sometimes the queen, had the right to nominate nuns to Wilton, and the king exercised this right on his coronation and on the creation of a new abbess, and the queen on her coronation.
In 1143 King Stephen made it his headquarters, but was put to flight by Matilda's forces under Robert, Earl of Gloucester.
During the 13th-century, Wilton Abbey experienced a period of financial crisis, and between 1246 and 1276, several gifts were made from the crown and the church for the repair of the buildings, which where at this point described as having fallen into a serious state of disrepair.
In 1535, the abbess complained about Thomas Leigh's too strictly enforced enclosure, as it would not be possible for her to conduct the abbey's business properly if she was not allowed to leave the convent on business, as the abbey was in debt.
Cecily Bodenham, the last abbess, surrendered the convent to the commissioners of King Henry VIII on 25 March 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
The site was granted to Sir William Herbert, afterwards Earl of Pembroke, who commenced the building of Wilton House, still the abode of his descendants.
A Chorus Line is a musical with music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban, and a book by James Kirkwood Jr. and Nicholas Dante.
Set on the bare stage of a Broadway theater, the musical is centered around seventeen Broadway dancers auditioning for spots on a chorus line.
An unprecedented box office and critical hit, the musical received twelve Tony Award nominations and won nine, in addition to the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
It began a lengthy run in the West End in 1976 and was revived on Broadway in 2006, and in the West End in 2013.
Opening up, she reveals that her mother married at a young age and her father neither loved nor cared for them.
The dancers go downstairs to learn a song for the next section of the audition, but Cassie stays onstage to talk to Zach.
They have a history together: Zach had cast her in a featured part previously, and they had lived together for several years.
Zach calls Paul, who has been reluctant to share his past, on stage for a private talk, and he emotionally relives his childhood and high school experience, his early career in a drag act, coming to terms with his manhood and his homosexuality, and his parents' ultimate reaction to finding out about his lifestyle.
Zach points to the machine-like dancing of the rest of the cast—the other dancers who have all blended together, and who will probably never be recognized individually—and mockingly asks if this is what she wants.
After Paul is carried off to the hospital, all at the audition stand in disbelief, realizing that their careers can also end in an instant.
As each dancer joins the group, it is suddenly difficult to distinguish one from the other: ironically, each character who was an individual to the audience seems now to be an anonymous member of a neverending ensemble.
During the workshop sessions, random characters would be chosen at the end for the chorus jobs based on their performance quality, resulting in genuine surprise among the cast.
However, several costumers protested this ending, mainly due to the stress of having to change random actors in time for the finale.
This problem was solved when actress Marsha Mason told Bennett that Cassie (Donna McKechnie in the original production) should win the part in the end because she did everything right.
At the time, the Public did not have enough money to finance the production so it borrowed $1.6 million to produce the show.
Producer Joseph Papp moved the production to Broadway and on July 25, 1975, it opened at the Shubert Theatre, where it ran for 6,137 performances until April 28, 1990.
The production was nominated for 12 Tony Awards, winning nine: Best Musical, Best Musical Book, Best Score (Hamlisch and Kleban), Best Director, and Best Choreography, Best Actress (McKechnie), Best Featured Actor (Sammy Williams), Best Featured Actress (Bishop) and Best Lighting Design.
The show won the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, one of the few musicals ever to receive this honor, and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Play of the season.
Since its inception, the show's many worldwide productions, both professional and amateur, have been a major source of income for The Public Theater that Papp had founded.
U.S. and international tours were mounted in 1976, including a run in Los Angeles at the Shubert Theatre in Century City.
The production won the Laurence Olivier Award as Best Musical of the Year 1976, the first year in which the awards were presented.
The original Australian production opened in Sydney at Her Majesty's Theatre in May 1977, and moved to Melbourne's Her Majesty's Theatre in January 1978.
In 1984, under the direction of Roy Smith with translation by Nacho Artime y Jaime Azpilicueta, the show was produced at the Tivoli Theater in Barcelona and the Monumental Theatre in Madrid Spain.
The choreography was adapted for the festival's performing space by Baayork Lee who had played Connie in the original production and subsequently became a close collaborator of Michael Bennett, the original choreographer.
The German language version was again directed by Lee and first opened in 1987 in Vienna, Austria, where it ran for one season followed by the German language CD-release produced by Jimmy Bowien in 1988.
It was performed by Ódry Színpad (the company of the Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest) translated into Hungarian by György Gebora, and directed by Imre Kerényi.
The production was directed by Bob Avian, with the choreography reconstructed by Baayork Lee, who had played Connie Wong in the original Broadway production.
The opening night cast included Paul McGill, Michael Berresse, Charlotte d'Amboise, Mara Davi, James T. Lane, Tony Yazbeck, Heather Parcells, Alisan Porter, Jason Tam, Jessica Lee Goldyn, Deidre Goodwin, and Chryssie Whitehead.
A 2008 U.S. touring production opened May 4, 2008, at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts and toured through June 2009.
Bayyork Lee directed the production and it gained many nominations including, Helpmann nominations for Best Actress in a Musical for West End star, Anita Louise Combe playing Cassie, Best supporting Actress in a musical, Deborah Krizak and Best supporting Actor in a musical, Euan Doidge and it won best musical.
The same production and cast then came to Singapore, playing at the Marina Bay Sands, Sands Theater, May 4 to May 27, 2012.
The show returned to London for a revival in February 2013 West End at the London Palladium, running through August of that year.
James T. Lane is reprising his Broadway role and Leigh Zimmerman won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical for her portrayal of Sheila in this production.
Producers announced June 9, 2013, that the London revival cast would record a new cast album featuring never-before-heard songs which were written for the show but never made the final cut.
Reports surfaced in June 2016 that a second Broadway revival is planned for 2025, in honor of the show's 50th anniversary.
In 2016, approval was granted to director Donna Feore to allow changes in choreography so the show could be performed for the first time on a thrust stage, the Festival Theatre at the Stratford Festival of Canada.
The production was directed by Bob Avian, co-choreographer of the original 1975 production, and choreographed by Baayork Lee, Broadway's original Connie Wong.
In 1975, the film rights were sold to Universal Pictures for $5.5 million plus 20% of the distributor's gross rentals above $30 million.
The promotions included television commercials featuring the musical and the right to say that tickets for the show could be charged only on Visa cards.
This performance was given to benefit the final run of the show as it was about to close on Broadway at the time.
Renee Baughman was the only original cast member who couldn't attend the show's taping because she had to care for her seriously ill father.
The film includes some of the audiotapes made at the early workshop sessions and shows behind-the-scenes footage of the audition, rehearsals, and performances of both the original 1975 production and the 2006 Broadway revival.
North Korean local produced KN-1 or KN-01, derived from both Silkworm variants and Russian & URSS P-15, Rubezh, P-20 P-22 .
Despite its massive size, thousands of P-15s were built and installed on many classes of ships from MTBs to destroyers, as well as coastal batteries and even bombers (Chinese versions).
This weapon was fitted to 4,000-ton Kynda class cruisers and replaced an initial plan for 30,000-ton battlecruisers armed with 305mm and 45mm guns.
Rather than rely on a few heavy and costly ships, a new weapons system was designed to fit smaller, more numerous vessels, while maintaining sufficient striking power.
The basic design of the missile, retained for all subsequent versions, featured a cylindrical body, a rounded nose, two delta wings in the center and three control surfaces in the tail.
The weapon was meant to be cheap, but at the same time capable of giving an ordinary missile boat the same 'punch' as a battleship's salvo.
Some shortcomings were never totally solved, due to the liquid propellant of the rocket engine: the acid fuel gradually corroded the missile fuselage.
The explosive warhead was behind the fuel tank, and as the missile retained a large amount of unburned fuel at the time of impact, even at maximum range, it acted as an incendiary device.
The warhead itself was a 500 kg hollow charge (HEAT), larger than the semi-armour piercing (SAP) warhead typical of anti-ship missiles.
The launch was usually made with the help of electronic support measures (ESM) gear and Garpun radar at a range of between 5.5 and 27 km due to the limitations of the targeting system.
The onboard sensor was activated at 11 km from impact, the missile would begin to descend at 1-2° to the target, because the flight pattern was about 120–250m above sea level.
It was replaced by the P-15M in 1972, which was a further development of the P-15U, with enhanced capabilities (its export simplified variants were designated P-21 and P-22, depending on the sensor installed and a whole export system was designated the P-20M).
With improved electronics, the warhead reduced to 250 kg and the original rocket engine replaced with a turbojet, this weapon was much improved with a range of over 100 km.
This missile, despite its mass, was used in small and medium ships, from 60 to 4,000 tons, shore batteries and (only for derived models) aircraft and submarines.
At least eight were sent in cargo ships, due partly to their small dimensions and were presumably left to the Cuban Navy after the crisis, together with many other weapons of Soviet origin.
After this engagement, interest in this type of weapon was raised in both offensive weapons and defensive weapons such as the CIWS (Close-in weapon system) and ECM.
Her armament might be effective against conventional air threats, (mounting 5 × 114mm guns and several 40mm Bofors), but had little chance against anti-ship missiles.
Despite these early successes, the 1973 Yom Kippur War saw P-15 missiles used by the Egyptian and Syrian navies prove ineffective against Israeli ships.
The Israeli Navy had phased out their old ships, building a fleet of Sa'ar-class FACs: faster, smaller, more maneuverable and equipped with new missiles and countermeasures.
Although the range of the P-15 was twice that of the Israeli Gabriel, allowing Arab ships to fire first, radar jamming and chaff degraded their accuracy.
Iraqi OSA-class missile boats equipped with SS-N-2 used them against the IRIN navy, managed to hit and sink an Iranian La Combattante IIa-class fast attack craft, but sustained heavy losses, especially from Iranian Harpoons and Mavericks.
Iraqi forces also combined SS-N-2, launched from Tu-22, French-made Exocet launched from Mirage F1 & Super Etendard and Chinese-made Silkworm as well as C-601 launched from Tu-16 and H-6 bombers bought from Soviet Union and China to engage the Iranian Navy and tankers carrying Iranian oil.
During the First Gulf War an Iraqi missile crew attacked US battleship with a Silkworm, while it was escorting a fleet of minesweepers engaged in coastal anti-mine operations.
The German Navy, after reunification, gave its stock of almost 200 P-15s to the United States Navy in 1991, these weapons being mainly the P-15M/P-22.
Gérard D. Levesque (May 2, 1926 – November 17, 1993) was a longtime Quebec politician and Cabinet minister, who twice served as interim leader of the Quebec Liberal Party.
Levesque was first elected to what is now called the Quebec National Assembly in the riding of Bonaventure in 1956 and sat in the legislature continuously until the end of his life.
In the first cabinet of Robert Bourassa, who came to power in 1970, he served in various capacities including minister of trade, Minister of Justice and deputy premier.
After the defeat of the Bourassa government in 1976, Levesque served as Leader of the opposition until 1979, while leaders Robert Bourassa and then Claude Ryan were without parliamentary seats.
Levesque was noted for his fierce opposition to what was introduced as Bill 1, the Charter of the French Language; his procedural wrangling meant it had to be eventually reintroduced as Bill 101.
Levesque again served as Leader of the Opposition and acting leader of the party from August 1982 to September 1983 after the resignation of Ryan and until the return of Bourassa for his second stint as party leader.
In the second Bourassa government, elected in 1985, Levesque served as minister of finance, a position he held until his death in 1993 at the age of 67.
The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle.
The luminal surface of the epithelial cells of this segment of the nephron is covered with densely packed microvilli forming a border readily visible under the light microscope giving the brush border cell its name.
The microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cells, presumably facilitating their reabsorptive function as well as putative flow sensing within the lumen.
The cytoplasm of the cells is densely packed with mitochondria, which are largely found in the basal region within the infoldings of the basal plasma membrane.
The mitochondria are needed in order to supply the energy for the active transport of sodium ions out of the cells to create a concentration gradient which allows more sodium ions to enter the cell from the luminal side.
Cuboidal epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule have extensive lateral interdigitations between neighboring cells, which lend an appearance of having no discrete cell margins when viewed with a light microscope.
Agonal resorption of the proximal tubular contents after interruption of circulation in the capillaries surrounding the tubule often leads to disturbance of the cellular morphology of the proximal tubule cells, including the ejection of cell nuclei into the tubule lumen.
In relation to the morphology of the kidney as a whole, the convoluted segments of the proximal tubules are confined entirely to the renal cortex.
They terminate at a remarkably uniform level and it is their line of termination that establishes the boundary between the inner and outer stripes of the outer zone of the renal medulla.
The proximal tubule efficiently regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate; it is also responsible for secreting organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate.
This is driven by sodium transport from the lumen into the blood by the Na/K ATPase in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells.
Paracellular transport increases transport efficiency, as determined by oxygen consumed per unit of Na reabsorbed, thus playing a part in maintaining renal oxygen homeostasis.
Most of the ammonium that is excreted in the urine is formed in the proximal tubule via the breakdown of glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate.
This takes place in two steps, each of which generates an ammonium anion: the conversion of glutamine to glutamate and the conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate.
The alpha-ketoglutarate generated in this process is then further broken down to form two bicarbonate anions, which are pumped out of the basolateral portion of the tubule cell by co-transport with sodium ions.
Acute tubular necrosis occurs when PTECs are directly damaged by toxins such as antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin), pigments (e.g., myoglobin) and sepsis (e.g., mediated by lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria).
Renal tubular acidosis (proximal type) (Fanconi syndrome) occurs when the PTECs are unable to properly reabsorb glomerular filtrate so that there is increased loss of bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, and phosphate.
In these situations, PTECs may be directly affected by protein (e.g., proteinuria in glomerulonephritis), glucose (in diabetes mellitus), or cytokines (e.g., interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factors).
There are several ways in which PTECs may respond: producing cytokines, chemokines, and collagen; undergoing epithelial mesenchymal trans-differentiation; necrosis or apoptosis.
Stephen Byram Furber (born 21 March 1953) is a British computer scientist, mathematician and hardware engineer, currently the ICL Professor of Computer Engineering in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, UK.
After completing his education at the University of Cambridge (BA, MMath, PhD), he spent the 1980s at Acorn Computers, where he was a principal designer of the BBC Micro and the ARM 32-bit RISC microprocessor.
, over 100 billion variants of the ARM processor have been manufactured, powering much of the world's mobile computing and embedded systems.
In 1990, he moved to Manchester where he leads research into asynchronous systems, low-power electronics and neural engineering, where the Spiking Neural Network Architecture (SpiNNaker) project is delivering a computer incorporating a million ARM processors optimised for computational neuroscience.
Furber was educated at Manchester Grammar School and represented the UK in the International Mathematical Olympiad in Hungary in 1970 winning a bronze medal.
He went on to study the Mathematical Tripos as an undergraduate student of St John's College, Cambridge, receiving a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Master of Mathematics (MMath - Part III of the Mathematical Tripos) degrees.
In 1978, he was appointed a Rolls-Royce research fellow in aerodynamics at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and was awarded a PhD in 1980 for research on the fluid dynamics of the Weis-Fogh principle supervised by John Ffowcs Williams.
In 1980, following the completion of his PhD and the award of the BBC contract to Acorn, he formally joined the company where he was a Hardware Designer and then Design Manager.
In August 1990 he moved to the University of Manchester to become the ICL Professor of Computer Engineering and established the AMULET microprocessor research group.
Furber's most recent project SpiNNaker, is an attempt to build a new kind of computer that directly mimics the workings of the human brain.
Spinnaker is an artificial neural network realised in hardware, a massively parallel processing system eventually designed to incorporate a million ARM processors.
Furber's research interests include asynchronous systems, ultra-low-power processors for sensor networks, on-chip interconnect and globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS), and neural systems engineering.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2002 and was Specialist Adviser to the House of Lords Science and Technology Select Committee inquiry into microprocessor technology.
Furber was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2005 and a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET).
Furber was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours and was elected as one of the three laureates of Millennium Technology Prize in 2010 (with Richard Friend and Michael Grätzel), for development of ARM processor.
In 2014, he was made a Distinguished Fellow at the British Computer Society (DFBCS) recognising his contribution to the IT profession and industry.
Furber was played by actor Sam Philips in the BBC Four documentary drama Micro Men, first aired on 8 October 2009.
The Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester is the longest established department of Computer Science in the United Kingdom and one of the largest.
It is located in the Kilburn building (and the attached IT Building) on the Oxford Road and currently has over 800 students taking a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses and 60 full-time academic staff.
The School currently offers a wide range of undergraduate courses from Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) and Master of Engineering (MEng).
These are available as single honours or as joint honours degrees within the themes of Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, Computer systems engineering, Software engineering, Mathematics, Internet Computing, Business applications and Management.
At postgraduate level the department offers taught Master of Science (MSc) degrees, at an advanced level and also through a foundation route.
Research degrees, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Master of Philosophy (MPhil) are available as three and four year programmes through the Doctoral Training Centre in Computer Science, the first of its kind in the UK.
The School is organised into nine different research groups which received funding from a wide range of sources including the European Union, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.
The Advanced Processor Technologies (APT) group researches advanced and novel approaches to processing and computation and is led by Professor Steve Furber.
Academic staff in the group include Dr Nick Filer, Dr Jim Garside, Dr David Lester, Dr , Dr John V Woods, Dr Javier Navaridas, Dr Vasilis Pavlidis, Dr Dirk Koch, Dr Antoniu Pop and Emeritus Professor Ian Watson, visiting Professor Alasdair Rawsthorne and Fellow Barry Cheetham.
The Bio-Health Informatics Group (BHIG) conducts research in Bioinformatics and Health informatics ranging from the applications in molecular biology through to clinical e-science and healthcare applications.
The Formal Methods group has a very broad span of interests, ranging from developing the new mathematics of computational behaviour, to the study and development of system design and verification methods.
The group is led by Professor Allan Ramsay and includes Professor Peter Aczel, Professor Andrei Voronkov, Professor Howard Barringer amongst more than a dozen staff and a large number of research students.
The Information Management Group (IMG) conducts basic and applied into the design, development and use of data and knowledge management systems.
Such research activities are broad in nature as well as scope, including basic research on models and languages that underpins activities on algorithms, technologies and architectures.
Academic staff in group include Professor Carole Goble CBE, Professor Norman Paton, Professor Ulrike Sattler, Professor Robert Stevens, Sean Bechhofer, Suzanne Embury, Alvaro A.
The Machine learning and Optimisation (MLO) group conduct world-leading research into a wide range of techniques and applications of machine learning, optimization, data mining, probabilistic modelling, pattern recognition and machine perception.
The Nano Engineering and Storage Technologies (NEST) group has research interests in nano fabrication for data storage and advanced sensors applications and the investigation of data storage systems in general.
The NEST group is housed in an integrated suite of staff offices, general-purpose laboratory space and class 100/1000 cleanrooms and is a founder member of the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology where the ground-breaking, Nobel Prize–winning work on Graphene by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov was undertaken.
The group is led by Professor Thomas Thomson, academic staff members include Professor Jim Miles, Ernie W Hill, Milan Mihajlovic and Paul W. Nutter.
The Software Systems group is concerned with the design, modelling, simulation and construction of mission-critical systems that challenge the states-of-the-art in both software engineering and performance engineering.
Such systems are fundamentally composed of physically distributed component sub-systems, and are characterised by large data spaces and high compute needs, with associated complex interactions between the components.
The group is led by Professor John Gurd, academic staff members include Professor John Keane, Kung-Kiu Lau, Liping Zhao and Graham Riley.
The Text Mining group performs research to extract useful information and knowledge from unstructured text, particularly in the field of bioinformatics.
The group is led by Professor Sophia Ananiadou and includes academic members Professor Jun'ichi Tsujii, John McNaught (retired) and Goran Nenadic.
The group is led by Steve Pettifer and includes academic staff Professor Terri Attwood, jointly with the Faculty of Life Sciences, Aphrodite Galata, Toby Howard, Tim Morris, and Emeritus Professor Roger Hubbold.
The Imaging sciences is part of the Centre for Imaging Sciences, a world-class research department focusing on imaging physics, image processing, computer vision, and the development and application of imaging biomarkers in healthcare.
At its formation in 1964, the Department of Computer Science was the first such department in the United Kingdom, with Professor Tom Kilburn serving as Head of Department until 1980.
On 1 May 2001, following the death of Kilburn the same year, the Computer Building was renamed Kilburn Building in his honour.
The School of Computer Science was formed from the Department when the Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST merged to form the University of Manchester in 2004.
Sascha Konietzko (born 21 June 1961), better known by his stage name Sascha K and Käpt'n K, is a German musician and record producer.
Having founded the group as a performance art project in 1984, he is the only member of KMFDM to appear on every release, and the only founding member still in the band.
He has re-mixed acts including: Metallica, Megadeth, White Zombie, Rammstein, Love & Rockets, Kittie, Die Krupps, Flotsam & Jetsam, Living Colour, Mindless Self Indulgence, Combichrist, Young Gods, and Pig.
Sascha Konietzko lived in the United States from 1991 to 2007, dividing his time among Chicago, New York City, and Seattle before moving back to his hometown of Hamburg, Germany.
A cardinal formula_1 is called Shelah iff for every formula_2, there exists a transitive class formula_3 and an elementary embedding formula_4 with critical point formula_1; and formula_6.
Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, an Amtrak station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon, the (re-located) cabin where Jack London lived in the Klondike, and a movie theater.
The name has also come to refer to the formerly industrial neighborhood surrounding Jack London Square now known as the Jack London District, which has undergone significant rehabilitation in the last decade, including loft conversions and new construction.
KTVU (Channel 2), the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, has had studios at the Square since it began broadcasting on March 3, 1958, and the offices of the Port of Oakland are located there as well.
Other businesses at Jack London Square range from the Oakland Athletics team headquarters and software firm Navis LLC, to restaurants such as Kincaid's Bay House and Yoshi's restaurant and jazz club.
A mainline railroad runs through the middle of Embarcadero West, with the train speed limit set at 15 mph (25 km/h).
The tracks running through Jack London Square are used by BNSF Railway, Capitol Corridor, Coast Starlight, San Joaquin, and Union Pacific Railroad.
Under lead developer Ellis Partners, Jack London Square's new architecture and public spaces are adding to the daytime and nighttime population and use.
The public spaces by SWA Group extended the city to the waterfront by adding accessible waterfront spaces supporting a variety of programs and events from farmers markets to the popular Eat Real local, organic food fest.
After the middle of the 3rd century BC, the school fell into a decline, and it was not until the Roman era that there was a revival.
Later members of the school concentrated on preserving and commenting on Aristotle's works rather than extending them; it died out in the 3rd century.
The study of Aristotle's works continued by scholars who were called Peripatetics through Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the works of the Peripatetic school were lost to the Latin West, but they were preserved in Byzantium and also incorporated into early Islamic philosophy.
The legend that the name came from Aristotle's alleged habit of walking while lecturing may have started with Hermippus of Smyrna.
Unlike Plato (428/7–348/7 BC), Aristotle (384–322 BC) was not a citizen of Athens and so could not own property; he and his colleagues therefore used the grounds of the Lyceum as a gathering place, just as it had been used by earlier philosophers such as Socrates.
Aristotle and his colleagues first began to use the Lyceum in this way about 335 BC, after which Aristotle left Plato's Academy and Athens, and then returned to Athens from his travels about a dozen years later.
Some modern scholars argue that the school did not become formally institutionalized until Theophrastus took it over, at which time there was private property associated with the school.
Aristotle did teach and lecture there, but there was also philosophical and scientific research done in partnership with other members of the school.
It seems likely that many of the writings that have come down to us in Aristotle's name were based on lectures he gave at the school.
Among the members of the school in Aristotle's time were Theophrastus, Phanias of Eresus, Eudemus of Rhodes, Clytus of Miletus, Aristoxenus, and Dicaearchus.
Much like Plato's Academy, there were in Aristotle's school junior and senior members, the junior members generally serving as pupils or assistants to the senior members who directed research and lectured.
The aim of the school, at least in Aristotle's time, was not to further a specific doctrine, but rather to explore philosophical and scientific theories; those who ran the school worked as equal partners.
Whereas Plato had sought to explain things with his theory of forms, Aristotle preferred to start from the facts given by experience.
There are three kinds of substances – those alternately in motion and at rest, as the animals; those perpetually in motion, as the sky; and those eternally stationary.
As faculties of the soul, Aristotle enumerates the faculty of reproduction and nutrition; of sensation, memory and recollection; the faculty of reason, or understanding; and the faculty of desiring, which is divided into appetition and volition.
Virtue consists in acting according to nature: that is, keeping the mean between the two extremes of the too much and the too little.
Thus valor, in his view the first of virtues, is a mean between cowardice and recklessness; temperance is the mean in respect to sensual enjoyments and the total avoidance of them.
The names of the first seven or eight scholarchs (leaders) of the Peripatetic school are known with varying levels of certainty.
It is not certain whether Aristo of Ceos was the head of the school, but since he was a close pupil of Lyco and the most important Peripatetic philosopher in the time when he lived, it is generally assumed that he was.
Sometime shortly after the death of Alexander the Great in June 323 BC, Aristotle left Athens to avoid persecution by anti-Macedonian factions in Athens, due to his ties to Macedonia.
The most prominent member of the school after Theophrastus was Strato of Lampsacus, who increased the naturalistic elements of Aristotle's philosophy and embraced a form of atheism.
Lyco was famous more for his oratory than his philosophical skills, and Aristo is perhaps best known for his biographical studies; although Critolaus was more philosophically active, none of the Peripatetic philosophers in this period seem to have contributed anything original to philosophy.
Undoubtedly, Stoicism and Epicureanism provided many answers for those people looking for dogmatic and comprehensive philosophical systems, and the scepticism of the Middle Academy may have seemed preferable to anyone who rejected dogmatism.
Later tradition linked the school's decline to Neleus of Scepsis and his descendants hiding the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus in a cellar until their rediscovery in the 1st century BC, and even though this story may be doubted, it is possible that Aristotle's works were not widely read.
In 86 BC, Athens was sacked by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla; all the schools of philosophy in Athens were badly disrupted, and the Lyceum ceased to exist as a functioning institution.
Later Neoplatonist writers describe Andronicus, who lived around 50 BC, as the eleventh scholarch of the Peripatetic school, which would imply that he had two unnamed predecessors.
Whereas the earlier Peripatetics had sought to extend and develop Aristotle's works, from the time of Andronicus the school concentrated on preserving and defending his work.
The most important figure in the Roman era is Alexander of Aphrodisias (c. 200 AD) who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's writings.
With the rise of Neoplatonism (and Christianity) in the 3rd century, Peripateticism as an independent philosophy came to an end, but the Neoplatonists sought to incorporate Aristotle's philosophy within their own system, and produced many commentaries on Aristotle's works.
After this, although his works were mostly lost to the west, they were maintained in the east where they were incorporated into early Islamic philosophy.
Some of the greatest Peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophical tradition were Al-Kindi (Alkindus), Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd).
William Froude (; 28 November 1810 in Devon – 4 May 1879 in Simonstown, South Africa) was an English engineer, hydrodynamicist and naval architect.
He was the first to formulate reliable laws for the resistance that water offers to ships (such as the hull speed equation) and for predicting their stability.
Froude was born at Dartington, Devon, England, the son of Robert Froude, Archdeacon of Totnes and was educated at Westminster School and Oriel College, Oxford, graduating with a first in mathematics in 1832.
His first employment was as a surveyor on the South Eastern Railway which, in 1837, led to Brunel giving him responsibility for the construction of a section of the Bristol and Exeter Railway.
He also offered to pay to restore the nave if local people would pay 10% of the cost but this offer was refused.
At Brunel's invitation Froude turned his attention to the stability of ships in a seaway and his 1861 paper to the Institution of Naval Architects became influential in ship design.
This led to a commission to identify the most efficient hull shape, which he was able to fulfil by reference to scale models: he established a formula (now known as the Froude number) by which the results of small-scale tests could be used to predict the behaviour of full-sized hulls.
His experiments were vindicated in full-scale trials conducted by the Admiralty and as a result the first ship test tank was built, at public expense, at his home in Torquay.
Here he was able to combine mathematical expertise with practical experimentation to such good effect that his methods are still followed today.
In 1877, he was commissioned by the Admiralty to produce a machine capable of absorbing and measuring the power of large naval engines.
He invented and built the world's first water brake dynamometer, sometimes known as the hydraulic dynamometer, which led to the formation of Heenan & Froude Ltd in Birmingham.
While on holiday as an official guest of the Royal Navy he died in Simonstown, South Africa, where he was buried with full naval honours.
William was married to Catherine Henrietta Elizabeth Holdsworth, daughter of the Governor of Dartmouth Castle, mercantile magnate and member of Parliament Arthur Howe Holdsworth.
The Miwok (also spelled Miwuk, Mi-Wuk, or Me-Wuk) are members of four linguistically related Native American groups indigenous to what is now Northern California, who traditionally spoke one of the Miwok languages in the Utian family.
The predominant theory regarding the settlement of the Americas date the original migrations from Asia to around 20,000 years ago across the Bering Strait land bridge, but one anthropologist claims that the Miwok and some other northern California tribes descend from Siberians who arrived in California by sea around 3,000 years ago.
In fact, the modern-day extent of the California Black Oak forests in some areas of Yosemite National Park is partially due to cultivation by Miwok tribes.
The boys were only allowed to use their feet, but if a girl was holding it he could pick her up and carry her towards his goal.
In 1770, there were an estimated 500 Lake Miwok, 1,500 Coast Miwok, and 9,000 Plains and Sierra Miwok, totaling about 11,000 people, according to historian Alfred L. Kroeber, although this may be a serious undercount; for example, he did not identify the Bay Miwok.
However, the historical Northern-California footprint of the Miwok people (where George Lucas's home and corporate headquarters were located) may have caused the Ewoks' name to be retconned to enhance the marketability of the 1983 film.
In an alternate history scenario depicted in the book they are the first group of Native Americans encountered by the first Chinese to discover the continent.
The Coast Miwok inhabited the general area of modern Marin County and southern Sonoma County in Northern California, from the Golden Gate north to Duncans Point and eastward to Sonoma Creek.
The original Coast Miwok people world view included animism, and one form of this took was the Kuksu religion that was evident in Central and Northern California.
This included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual mourning ceremony, puberty rites of passage, shamanic intervention with the spirit world and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms.
Kuksu was shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of Central California, such as their neighbors the Pomo, also Maidu, Ohlone, Esselen, and northernmost Yokuts.
Documentation of Miwok peoples dates back as early as 1579 by a priest on a ship under the command of Sir Francis Drake.
Over 1000 prehistoric charmstones and numerous arrowheads have been unearthed at Tolay Lake in Southern Sonoma County - some dating back 4000 years.
The lake was thought to be a sacred site and ceremonial gathering and healing place for the Miwok and others in the region.
Beginning in 1783, mission ecclesiastical records show that Coast Miwok individuals began to join Mission San Francisco de Asis, now known as Mission Dolores.
They started joining that mission in large numbers in 1803, when the marriages of 49 couples from their Huimen and Guaulen local tribes (San Rafael and Bolinas Bay) appeared in the Mission San Francisco Book of Marriages.
Local tribes from farther and farther north along the shore of San Pablo Bay moved to Mission San Francisco through the year 1812.
Then in 1814 the Spanish authorities began to split the northern groups—Alagualis, Chocoimes (alias Sonomas), Olompalis, and Petalumas—sending a portion of each group to Mission San Francisco and another portion to Mission San Jose in the southeast portion of the San Francisco Bay Area.
By that time the only Coast Miwok people still on their land were those on the Pacific Coast of the Marin Peninsula, from Point Reyes north to Bodega Bay.
The Spanish authorities brought most of the Coast Miwoks who had been at Missions San Francisco and San Jose back north to form a founding population for Mission San Rafael.
Mission San Francisco Solano, founded in 1823 in the Sonoma Valley (the easternmost traditional Coast Miwok region), came to be predominately a mission for Indians that spoke the Wappo or Patwin languages.
Most Coast Miwok began to live in servitude on the ranchos for the new California land grant owners, such as those who went to work for General Mariano G. Vallejo at Rancho Petaluma Adobe.
In 1837, a smallpox epidemic decimated all the native populations of the Sonoma region, and the Coast Miwok population continued to decline rapidly from other diseases brought in from the Spaniards as well as the Russians at Fort Ross.
By the beginning of California statehood (1850), many Miwok of Marin and Sonoma Counties were making the best of a difficult situation by earning their livelihoods through farm labor or fishing within their traditional homelands.
Others chose to work as seasonal or year-round laborers on the ranches that were rapidly passing from Mexican ownership into Anglo-American ownership.
After Mission San Rafael closed during the 1834-1836 period, the Mexican government deeded most of the land to Californios, but allowed the Indians ex-neophytes to own land at two locations within traditional Coast Miwok territory: Olompali and Nicasio.
The village of Olompali dates back to 500, had been a main center in 1200, and might have been the largest native village in Marin County.
Near the time of secularization (1835), the Church granted the San Rafael Christian Indians 20 leagues (80,000 acres, 320 km²) of mission lands from present-day Nicasio to the Tomales Bay.
By the early 20th century, a few Miwok families pursued fishing for their livelihoods; one family continued commercial fishing into the 1970s, while another family maintained an oyster harvesting business.
When this activity was neither in season nor profitable, Indian people of this area sought agricultural employment, which required an itinerant lifestyle.
The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, formerly the Federated Coast Miwok, gained federal recognition of their tribal status in December 2000.
In 1995, Polchinski identified D-branes with black p-brane solutions of supergravity, a discovery that triggered the Second Superstring Revolution and led to both holographic and M-theory dualities.
The equations of motion of string theory require that the endpoints of an open string (a string with endpoints) satisfy one of two types of boundary conditions: The Neumann boundary condition, corresponding to free endpoints moving through spacetime at the speed of light, or the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which pin the string endpoint.
There can also exist strings with mixed boundary conditions, where the two endpoints satisfy NN, DD, ND and DN boundary conditions.
If p spatial dimensions satisfy the Neumann boundary condition, then the string endpoint is confined to move within a p-dimensional hyperplane.
Although rigid in the limit of zero coupling, the spectrum of open strings ending on a D-brane contains modes associated with its fluctuations, implying that D-branes are dynamical objects.
More generally, the branes are described by non-commutative geometry, which allows exotic behavior such as the Myers effect, in which a collection of Dp-branes expand into a D(p+2)-brane.
Ashoke Sen has argued that in Type IIB string theory, tachyon condensation allows (in the absence of Neveu-Schwarz 3-form flux) an arbitrary D-brane configuration to be obtained from a stack of D9 and anti D9-branes.
This is due to the lack of an exact string field theory that would describe the off-shell evolution of the tachyon.
Because string theory implies that the Universe has more dimensions than we expect—26 for bosonic string theories and 10 for superstring theories—we have to find a reason why the extra dimensions are not apparent.
Because closed strings do not have to be attached to D-branes, gravitational effects could depend upon the extra dimensions orthogonal to the brane.
When two D-branes approach each other the interaction is captured by the one loop annulus amplitude of strings between the two branes.
The scenario of two parallel branes approaching each other at a constant velocity can be mapped to the problem of two stationary branes that are rotated relative to each other by some angle.
At non-relativistic scattering velocities the open strings may be described by a low-energy effective action that contains two complex scalar fields that are coupled via a term formula_4.
For example, if we have two parallel D2-branes, we can easily imagine strings stretching from brane 1 to brane 2 or vice versa.
A string in either the [1 2] or the [2 1] sector has a minimum length: it cannot be shorter than the separation between the branes.
All strings have some tension, against which one must pull to lengthen the object; this pull does work on the string, adding to its energy.
Examining the consequences of the Nambu-Goto action (and applying the rules of quantum mechanics to quantize the string), one finds that among the spectrum of particles is one resembling the photon, the fundamental quantum of the electromagnetic field.
In fact, these massless scalars are Goldstone excitations of the brane, corresponding to the different ways the symmetry of empty space can be broken.
The quantum version of Maxwell's electromagnetism is only one kind of gauge theory, a U(1) gauge theory where the gauge group is made of unitary matrices of order 1.
Since endpoints are restricted to lie on D-branes, it is evident that a [1 2] string may interact with a [2 3] string, but not with a [3 4] or a [4 17] one.
The masses of these strings will be influenced by the separation between the branes, as discussed above, so for simplicity's sake we can imagine the branes squeezed closer and closer together, until they lie atop one another.
If we regard two overlapping branes as distinct objects, then we still have all the sectors we had before, but without the effects due to the brane separations.
Gauge theories were not invented starting with bosonic or fermionic strings; they originated from a different area of physics, and have become quite useful in their own right.
In order to maintain the second law of thermodynamics, one must postulate that the black hole gained whatever entropy the infalling gas originally had.
Attempting to apply quantum mechanics to the study of black holes, Stephen Hawking discovered that a hole should emit energy with the characteristic spectrum of thermal radiation.
For example, given a box full of gas, many different arrangements of the gas atoms can have the same total energy.
This model gives rough agreement with the expected entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole, but an exact proof has yet to be found one way or the other.
This is analogous to the ideal gas studied in introductory thermodynamics: the easiest situation to model is when the gas atoms do not have interactions among themselves.
Developing the kinetic theory of gases in the case where the gas atoms or molecules experience inter-particle forces (like the van der Waals force) is more difficult.
A series of 1975-76 papers by Bardeen, Bars, Hanson and Peccei dealt with an early concrete proposal of interacting particles at the ends of strings (quarks interacting with QCD flux tubes), with dynamical boundary conditions for string endpoints where the Dirichlet conditions were dynamical rather than static.
Mixed Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions were first considered by Warren Siegel in 1976 as a means of lowering the critical dimension of open string theory from 26 or 10 to 4 (Siegel also cites unpublished work by Halpern, and a 1974 paper by Chodos and Thorn, but a reading of the latter paper shows that it is actually concerned with linear dilation backgrounds, not Dirichlet boundary conditions).
Dirichlet conditions for all coordinates including Euclidean time (defining what are now known as D-instantons) were introduced by Michael Green in 1977 as a means of introducing point-like structure into string theory, in an attempt to construct a string theory of the strong interaction.
String compactifications studied by Harvey and Minahan, Ishibashi and Onogi, and Pradisi and Sagnotti in 1987–89 also employed Dirichlet boundary conditions.
In 1989, Dai, Leigh and Polchinski, and Hořava independently, discovered that T-duality interchanges the usual Neumann boundary conditions with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
This result implies that such boundary conditions must necessarily appear in regions of the moduli space of any open string theory.
paper also notes that the locus of the Dirichlet boundary conditions is dynamical, and coins the term Dirichlet-brane (D-brane) for the resulting object (this paper also coins orientifold for another object that arises under string T-duality).
D-instantons were extensively studied by Green in the early 1990s, and were shown by Polchinski in 1994 to produce the nonperturbative string effects anticipated by Shenker.
In 1995 Polchinski showed that D-branes are the sources of electric and magnetic Ramond–Ramond fields that are required by string duality, leading to rapid progress in the nonperturbative understanding of string theory.
Martin Havlát (; born April 19, 1981) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Havlát was selected from the Czech Extraliga in the first round of the 1999 NHL Entry Draft, 26th overall, by the Ottawa Senators.
He remained in the Czech Republic for one more season before joining the Senators for his rookie NHL season in 2000–01.
Havlát recorded 19 goals and 42 points in his first year and was a finalist for the Calder Memorial Trophy as the League's rookie of the year.
In Havlát's third year with the club, he notched his second-consecutive 20-goal campaign with 24 goals and 59 points before helping the Senators on a 2003 playoff run to the Eastern Conference Finals.
He was criticized in the second round by Philadelphia Flyers Head Coach Ken Hitchcock for his stickwork against the Flyers during the series.
The Senators went on to eliminate Philadelphia in six games, but could not overcome the eventual Stanley Cup champions, the New Jersey Devils, in the third round.
Despite missing time, however, he continued to improve offensively, with 31 goals and 68 points in 68 games, his most productive season with the Senators.
Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Havlát spent the entirety of the following season back in the Czech Extraliga, as well as Russian Superleague (RSL), playing for several teams.
As NHL play resumed in 2005–06, he was suspended once more early in the season on October 17, 2005, for five games following another kicking incident against Boston Bruins defenceman Hal Gill.
After returning to the lineup, he suffered a shoulder injury against the Montreal Canadiens on November 29, which required surgery and kept him out for 59 games.
He returned to the ice on April 15, 2006, against the Toronto Maple Leafs, almost exactly four months from the date of his surgery.
After missing the majority of the regular season, Havlát enjoyed his most prolific playoffs as a Senator in 2006, recording 13 points in ten games as Ottawa was eliminated by the Buffalo Sabres in five games in the second round.
During the 2006 off-season, Havlát, a restricted free agent, told the Senators that he would only sign a one-year deal so he could then test the free agent market in the next off-season.
As a result, on July 9, 2006, Havlát was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks, along with Bryan Smolinski, in a three-way deal that also involved the San Jose Sharks acquiring Mark Bell for Tom Preissing and Josh Hennessy.
On October 5, 2006, Havlát made his Blackhawks debut in outstanding fashion against the Nashville Predators by scoring two goals and two assists in an 8–6 win.
Through the first seven games of the season, he was near or at the top of the League in scoring until he went down with an ankle sprain late in a game against the Dallas Stars on October 20, 2006.
He returned to the Blackhawks lineup on December 9, 2006, against the Minnesota Wild, netting two goals and an assist, albeit in a losing effort.
Despite a first season in Chicago partially marred by injuries, he produced at over a point-per-game pace, with 57 points in 56 games.
In the 2007–08 season, Havlát was limited to 35 games while scoring ten goals and 17 assists as he again struggled with injuries.
The season marked a turning point for the team, however, as the Blackhawks' offense was immediately bolstered by the emergence of rookies Patrick Kane and Jonathan Toews.
The next season, in 2008–09, Havlát led a rejuvenated Blackhawks team in scoring with a career-high 77 points in 81 games.
Playing the Calgary Flames in the opening round, Havlát registered two goals in the first game of the series, including a game-tying goal late in the third period and the game-winner just 12 seconds into overtime.
The Blackhawks would defeat the Flames in six games before doing the same to the Vancouver Canucks in the second round.
Meeting the Detroit Red Wings Western Conference Finals, Havlát was knocked out in Game 3 of the series from a hit delivered by defenceman Niklas Kronwall; Kronwall was given a five-minute major penalty and was ejected for the hit, while Havlát left the game after lying on the ice for several minutes.
After three months of attempting to negotiate a long-term contract to remain with the team, Blackhawks General Manager Dale Tallon annulled previous discussions and refused to offer anything more than a one-year extension come July 1.
Havlát wore number 14 in his first season with the Wild, but changed his number to 24 prior to the start of the 2010–11 season due to the off-season departure of forward Derek Boogaard, who wore the number previously.
In the following 2011–12 season, on December 17, 2011, Havlát caught his skate on the bench and fell over the boards onto the ice, tearing his hamstring.
On March 18, one day after returning, Havlát scored the game winning goal in overtime for the Sharks in defeating the Detroit Red Wings.
On May 1, 2013, against the Vancouver Canucks, Havlát suffered an injury that sidelined him for the remainder of the playoff quarter-finals.
He returned in Game 3 of the semi-final on May 18 against the Los Angeles Kings, but suffered a spear from Canucks defenceman Kevin Bieksa 52 seconds into the game.
In early June 2013, Havlát had a bilateral pelvic floor reconstruction and played his first game of the season on October 31, 2013.
With his tenure with the Sharks largely affected by injury and a lack of productivity, Havlát became the first Sharks player in franchise history to be bought-out from the remaining year of his contract on June 27, 2014.
Three days later, on July 1, Havlát, with the ambition to redeem himself, signed as an unrestricted free agent to a one-year contract with the New Jersey Devils.
After going unsigned by New Jersey at the end of the season and over the summer, Havlat agreed to a professional try-out agreement with the Florida Panthers.
Havlat made another attempt, signing another professional tryout agreement on October 27, 2015, this time with the St. Louis Blues, earning himself a one-year contract on November 6, 2015.
Havlat made an immediate impact with the Blues, scoring the game-winning goal in his Blues debut in against former club the New Jersey Devils.
After just 2 games, the St. Louis Blues placed Havlat on unconditional waivers for the purpose of terminating his contract, at the request of Havlat, citing personal reasons on November 13, 2015.
In August 2016, while working out with HC Kometa Brno of the Czech Extraliga, Havlát revealed that he requested the contract termination due to a groin injury, and that he intended to continue to practice with the team with the aim of returning to the NHL.
However, he failed to attract NHL interest and eventually stopped working out with the team on January 25, 2017 after re-injuring his groin.
As a junior, Havlát helped the Czech Republic claim gold at the 2000 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Skellefteå and Umeå, Sweden.
He also replicated his gold medal performance at the corresponding 2000 IIHF World Championship in Saint Petersburg for the senior Czech team.
Havlát then represented the Czechs at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, where he scored three goals in the tournament.
In the 2011 World Championships in Bratislava and Košice, Slovakia, he was a member of the Czech team that claimed a bronze medal.
The Bay Miwok are a cultural and linguistic group of Miwok, a Native American people in Northern California who live in Contra Costa County.
They joined the Franciscan mission system during the early nineteenth century, suffered a devastating population decline, and lost their language as they intermarried with other native California ethnic groups and learned the Spanish language.
In fact, Alfred L. Kroeber, father of California anthropology, who knew of one of their constituent local groups, the Saklan (Saclan), from nineteenth-century manuscript sources, presumed that they spoke an Ohlone ( Costanoan) language.
In 1955 linguist Madison Beeler recognized an 1821 vocabulary taken from a Saclan man at Mission San Francisco as representative of a Miwok language.
As they were centrally located along an arc of Miwok-speaking groups across Central California, the Bay Miwok probably shared the Kuksu religion ceremonial motifs common to both the Coast Miwok to the west and Plains Miwok to the east.
Varying forms of the Kuksu Cult were shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of Central California, such as their neighbors the northern Ohlone, Maidu, Patwin, Pomo, and Wappo.
One might suspect that the full corpus of Bay Miwok mythology and sacred narrative shared the motifs that the linguistically related and better-documented ethnographic Coast Miwok and Sierra Miwok held in common.
The Sierra and Plains Miwok, as well as the Bay Miwok, believed this world began at Mount Diablo, following a flood.
The names and general territorial areas of seven Bay Miwok-speaking land-holding groups have been inferred through indirect methods, based for the most part on information in the ecclesiastical records of missions San Francisco and San Jose.
In a 1961 Ph.D. dissertation, James Bennyhoff used data from the Alphonse Pinart transcripts of the mission records to identify four more East Bay local territorial groups, in addition to the Saclan, as members of this unique Miwok language group.
Milliken subsequently used the same technique, applied to the original mission records, to identify two additional local tribes—Jalquin and Tatcan—as Bay Miwok speakers.
Milliken then inferred and mapped the relative locations of all seven groups, using clues from historic diaries together with mission register information regarding intermarriage patterns among East Bay local tribes.
Another group, the Yrgin of present-day City of Hayward and Castro Valley, had Chochenyo Ohlone signature female name endings, rather than Bay Miwok name endings.
Yet they were so highly intermarried with the Jalquin that it seems possible that they and the Jalquin formed a single bilingual local tribe.
Documentation of Miwok peoples dates back as early as 1579 by a priest on a ship under the command of Francis Drake.
Spanish-American Franciscans set up Catholic missions in the Bay Area in the 1770s, but did not reach the Bay Miwok territory until 1794.
Beginning in 1794, the Bay Miwoks began to migrate to the Franciscan missions, most to Mission San Francisco de Asís (of San Francisco), but some others to Mission San José (in present-day Fremont).
All but the Ompin and Julpun in the northeast were at the missions by the end of 1806; the latter two groups moved to Mission San José during the 1810-1812 period.
Missionary linguist Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta obtained the only extant Bay Miwok vocabulary during a visit to Mission San Francisco in 1821.
Alfred L. Kroeber put the 1770 population of the Plains and Sierra Miwok (but excluding the Bay Miwok, about whom he was not aware) at 9,000.
Sherburne Cook carried out a more specific analysis of contact-period population in Alameda and Contra Costa counties west of the San Joaquin Valley, without regard to the Ohlone-Bay Miwok language boundary; he suggested a total population of 2,248.
Richard Levy estimated 19,500 people for all five Eastern Miwok groups as a whole (Bay, Plains, Northern Sierra, Central Sierra, and Southern Sierra) prior to Spanish contact, and 1,700 specifically for the Bay Miwok.
A total of 859 Bay Miwok speakers were baptized at the Franciscan missions (479 at Mission San Francisco and 380 at Mission San Jose), most between 1794 and 1812.
By the end of 1823, only 52 of the Mission San Francisco Bay Miwoks were still alive, along with 11 of their Mission-born children.
No comparable data are available for Mission San Jose that year, but by 1840 only 20 Bay Miwok people were alive there.
The Albanian National Lyceum was a high school in the city of Korçë, Albania, that emphasized the French culture and the European values.
The Belarusian Humanities Lyceum is a private secondary school founded shortly after Belarus' independence from the USSR by intellectuals, such as Vincuk Viacorka and Uladzimir Kolas, with the stated aims of preserving and promoting native Belarusian culture, and raising a new Belarusian elite.
It was shut down in 2003 by the Ministry of Education of Belarus allegedly for promoting enmity within Belarusian society and using the classroom as a political soapbox, indoctrinating students with biased views on history, ideology, politics, morality and values.
Until recently, in the Republic of Moldova the lyceum - called liceu - was an educational institution where students studied from the first to the twelfth grade and would obtain the Baccalaureate degree upon completion.
In most cases, the lyceums were specialized in a particular domain (fine art, theatre, language) that was relevant to the personality whose name the institution bore.
In other respects, it was little different from any regular school, with the exception of slightly higher education standards and supposedly being more prestigious.
After 2010, regular schools were all formally reformed into lyceums, although their quality remained of the same level as before and most did not get any particular specialization, thereby being dubbed 'Theory Lyceums' ('Liceu Teoretic').
One reason for the 2010 reform was to reduce the influence of the Soviet/ Russian educational system and/ or mentality in Moldova.
From 1836 until 1978, in the Portuguese educational system, the lyceum (), or national lyceum (), was a high school that prepared students to enter universities or more general education.
Although the lyceum is a pre-university educational institution, it can be enough for the graduates to find a job, mainly as office work.
In Imperial Russia, a Lyceum was one of the following higher educational facilities: Demidov Lyceum of Law in Yaroslavl (1803), Alexander Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo (1810), Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa (1817), and Imperial Katkov Lyceum in Moscow (1867).
The Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened on October 19, 1811 in the neoclassical building designed by Vasily Stasov and situated next to the Catherine Palace.
The opening date was celebrated each year with carousals and revels, and Pushkin composed new verses for each of those occasions.
The most famous of these were Anton Delwig, Wilhelm Küchelbecher, Nicholas de Giers, Dmitry Tolstoy, Yakov Karlovich Grot, Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky, Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin.
It was founded in 1838 on the initiative of Prince Miloš Obrenović in 1838 in Kragujevac, then the capital of Serbia.
In 1863 it became known as the Grandes écoles until 1905 when it officially changed its name to the University of Belgrade.
In vocational school, a student will master his/ her first profession, whereas in an academic lyceum he/she will deepen personal knowledge of specific subjects that will be studied further at a higher education establishment.
Graduates of academic lyceums will be able to obtain a Bachelor's degree in three years (in most specialties) instead of four.
The , also known as the , was a neutrality pact (non-aggression pact) between the Soviet Union and Japan signed on April 13, 1941, two years after the conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese Border War.
The pact was signed to ensure the neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan during World War II, in which both countries participated.
After the Fall of France and the subsequent expansion of the Axis Powers, the Soviet Union wished to mend its diplomatic relations in the Far East in order to safeguard its eastern border and concentrate on the European theatre of war.
On the other hand, Japan, bogged down in a seemingly interminable war with China and with diplomatic relations with the United States rapidly deteriorating, sought an accommodation with the Soviet Union that would improve its international standing and secure the northern frontier of Manchukuo against possible Soviet invasion.
Stalin was initially unaware of Hitler's briefing to his generals that an attack on the Soviet Union by the European Axis Powers would enable Japan to challenge the United States overtly.
This briefing was based on the belief that if such an attack occurred, the Soviet Union would be too preoccupied with fighting Germany, thus making Japan feel less threatened by any possible Soviet invasion of Manchukuo, allowing Japan to have enough provisions and capabilities to start a war with the United States.
This was symbolic of the importance Stalin attached to the treaty; it also provided him with the occasion – in the presence of the entire diplomatic corps – to invite negotiations with Germany while flaunting his increased bargaining power.
The treaty was signed in Moscow on April 13, 1941, by Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka and Ambassador Yoshitsugu Tatekawa for Japan and Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov for the Soviet Union.
Later in 1941, Japan, as a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, considered denouncing the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, especially after Germany invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), but made the crucial decision to keep it and to expand southwards invading the European colonies in Southeast Asia instead.
This had a direct bearing on the Battle of Moscow, where the absence of a Japanese threat enabled the Soviets to move large forces from Siberia and throw them into the fighting against the Germans.
General Tomoyuki Yamashita, known for his achievements in the Battle of Singapore, was sent to Manchuria in July 1942, and he may have been tasked with organizing the troops for the invasion.
At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan in exchange for American and British recognition of certain Soviet territorial claims in Asia.
However, the text of the treaty stated that the pact remained in force until one year after declaration of denunciation by one party, that is April 1946.
On May 8/9, 1945 (the date depending on the time zone), Nazi Germany surrendered, ending the war in Europe and starting the secret three-month countdown for Soviet commencement of hostilities against Japan.
Because of the time zone difference of 7 hours, the declaration of war could be still dated August 8, 1945, being presented to the Japanese ambassador in Moscow at 11 p.m. Moscow time.
In this last campaign of the war, Soviet territorial gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea.
His next novel focuses on a 10-year-old growing up in a North London suburb with his family, and the plot centres on the complex knot of his childhood friendships.
In the domain of digital audio, a control surface is a human interface device (HID) which allows the user to control a digital audio workstation or other digital audio application.
Generally, a control surface will contain one or more controls that can be assigned to parameters in the software, allowing tactile control of the software.
As digital audio software is complex and can play any number of functions in the audio chain, control surfaces can be used to control many aspects of music production, including virtual instruments, samplers, signal processors, mixers, DJ software, and music sequencers.
Since control surfaces are designed to perform different functions, they vary widely in size, shape and number and type of controls.
A basic control surface for mixing resembles a traditional analogue mixing console, featuring faders, knobs (rotary encoders), and buttons that can be assigned to parameters in the software.
Other control surfaces are designed to give a musician control over the sequencer while recording, and thus provide transport controls (remote control of record, playback and song position).
It is located at the natural end of Sturgeon Bay, although the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal was built across the remainder of the Door Peninsula.
The Menominee ceded this territory to the United States in the 1836 Treaty of the Cedars following years of negotiations with the Ho-Chunk and the U.S. government over how to accommodate the incoming populations of Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown peoples who had been removed from New York.
In 1891, Charles Mitchell Whiteside (1854–1924), member of the Wisconsin Assembly, sponsored a bill that merged the community of Sawyer, Wisconsin with Sturgeon Bay.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
The city experiences warm summers and cold snowy winters, with an average temperature ranging from in the summer down to in the winter.
The racial makeup of the city was 95.1% White, 1.0% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races.
There were 4,288 households of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.4% were non-families.
38.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.5% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 19.2% were 65 years of age or older.
The racial makeup of the city was 97.22% White, 0.33% Black or African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races.
There were 4,048 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.81% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families.
35.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
In the city, the population was spread out with 23.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older.
About 5.5% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.
Sturgeon Bay is served by Door County Cherryland Airport which is off of Wisconsin Highway 42 and 57 on County Highway PD.
It is 11.7 km (7.3 mi) from Enniscorthy, where the Gorey to Enniscorthy R772 road joins the R745, both regional roads.
Ferns is believed to have been established in the 6th century, when a monastery was founded in 598 dedicated to St Mogue of Clonmore (St. Aidan) who was a Bishop of Ferns.
The town became the capital of the Kingdom of Leinster, and also the Capital of Ireland when the kings of that southern part of the province established their seat of power there.
The city stretched all the way down and further than the River Bann (tributary of the River Slaney), if it was not burnt it would've been one of Ireland's biggest cities today.
King Dermot MacMurrough founded St. Mary's Abbey as a house of Augustinian canons c. 1158 and was buried there in 1171.
The town also contains the 13th-century St Edan's Cathedral (Church of Ireland) This was a big aisled cathedral with a long chancel.
The present east wall of the cathedral is the original east wall; the cathedral ran further to the west, towards the entrance to the cemetery.
It has been suggested that the ruined building to the east, which has a row of fine Gothic windows, might have been built to house the effigy of Bishop John St John, now in the porch of the church.
The Abbey, St.Peter's Church (Catholic and Anglican), and the remainder of the great cathedral are regarded as historic, holy places, and regarded as churches still, this includes the abbey which has the title of an abbey church.
There is no evidence to suggest there was ever any issues with the tower or the rest of the building, except for a rotting wooden main beam across the altar-area of the church - it is evident that this could've been replaced.
A convent, St. Aidan's Monastery of Adoration now stands in its place, since the early 1990s, and is used to worship God daily.
The foundation stone of the new Church of St. Aidan was laid on the Feast of St. Aidan, 31 January 1974, the foundation stone lies at the northwest corner wall of the church at the entrance to the Sacristy.
In 2007 the new church went under a major refurbishment since it too had roof problems with leakage of the roof, etc., there was a previous roof problem 15 years after the church was built.
In 2007/2008, the parish replaced the old slates with new composite metal-material, the inside was also refurbished and few minor changes were made to the look of the building.
A plaque listing the names of parish priests, from 1644, is on the wall to the right of the altar, beside the organ.
Its bellows were once inflated by hand, until modifications were made to it in the 1970s, one of which saw a new electric blower to inflate the bellows installed.
Before being transferred, it was completely dismantled, re-shaped and re-designed to fit into a much smaller space, in the new church.
Its purpose is that all who hear the strike of the bell would be safe from being harmed by extreme weather.
The bell from 1911 now stands outside the new Catholic Church today, and is often rang at special occasions, such as the New Year's midnight celebrations, Christmas, Easter, and other great occasions.
The whole history of modern Ireland stems from Ferns – Diarmuid MacMurrough, King of Leinster invited the Normans in 1169 to help him fight his battles (they never left) – he sealed the deal with his daughter Aoife's marriage to Strongbow.
Ferns is located on the R772 road, having been bypassed by the M11 motorway linking Dublin to Wexford since 18 July 2019.
Ferns railway station opened on 16 November 1863, closed to passenger traffic on 30 March 1964 and to goods traffic on 3 November 1975, before finally closing altogether on 7 March 1977.
Equivalently, formula_1 is remarkable if and only if for every formula_2 there is formula_3 such that in some forcing extension formula_4, there is an elementary embedding formula_5 satisfying formula_6.
Note that, although the definition is similar to one of the definitions of supercompact cardinals, the elementary embedding here only has to exist in formula_4, not in formula_8.
Ed & Red's Night Party (formerly called Ed's Night Party and sometimes referred to simply as Ed the Sock) is a former Canadian talk variety show.
It was hosted by Steven Joel Kerzner as Ed the Sock and Kerzner's real-life wife Liana K. Other people who worked on the show included DJ James Stamos and comedian Ron Sparks.
The series was taken off the air in Alberta and other parts of the country after the show aired a comedy sequence in which Ed is shown supposedly having sex with a Playboy playmate, even though the program was being broadcast in a late night time slot.
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection and treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties due to its ability to inhibit mTOR.
It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 1999 and is marketed under the trade name Rapamune by Pfizer (formerly by Wyeth).
Transplant patients maintained on calcineurin inhibitors long-term tend to develop impaired kidney function or even kidney failure; this can be avoided by using sirolimus instead.
It is particularly advantageous in patients with kidney transplants for hemolytic-uremic syndrome, as this disease is likely to recur in the transplanted kidney if a calcineurin-inhibitor is used.
However, on 7 October 2008, the FDA approved safety labeling revisions for sirolimus to warn of the risk for decreased renal function associated with its use.
In 2009, the FDA notified healthcare professionals that a clinical trial conducted by Wyeth showed an increased mortality in stable liver transplant patients after switching from a calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive regimen to sirolimus.
Sirolimus can also be used alone, or in conjunction with a calcineurin inhibitor (such as tacrolimus), and/or mycophenolate mofetil, to provide steroid-free immunosuppression regimens.
Impaired wound healing and thrombocytopenia are a possible side effects of sirolimus; therefore, some transplant centers prefer not to use it immediately after the transplant operation, but instead administer it only after a period of weeks or months.
Its optimal role in immunosuppression has not yet been determined, and it remains the subject of a number of ongoing clinical trials.
On 28 May 2015, the FDA approved sirolimus to treat lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare, progressive lung disease that primarily affects women of childbearing age.
The safety and efficacy of sirolimus treatment of LAM were investigated in clinical trials that compared sirolimus treatment with a placebo group in 89 patients for 12 months.
The most commonly reported side effects of sirolimus treatment of LAM were mouth and lip ulcers, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, sore throat, acne, chest pain, leg swelling, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, dizziness, muscle pain and elevated cholesterol.
Development for the product was partially supported by the FDA Orphan Products Grants Program, which provides grants for clinical studies on safety and/or effectiveness of products for use in rare diseases or conditions.
The antiproliferative effect of sirolimus has also been used in conjunction with coronary stents to prevent restenosis in coronary arteries following balloon angioplasty.
Several large clinical studies have demonstrated lower restenosis rates in patients treated with sirolimus-eluting stents when compared to bare-metal stents, resulting in fewer repeat procedures.
The most common adverse reactions (≥30% occurrence, leading to a 5% treatment discontinuation rate) observed with sirolimus in clinical studies of organ rejection prophylaxis in individuals with kidney transplants include: peripheral edema, hypercholesterolemia, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, diarrhea, pain, constipation, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, increased creatinine, fever, urinary tract infection, anemia, arthralgia, and thrombocytopenia.
The most common adverse reactions (≥20% occurrence, leading to an 11% treatment discontinuation rate) observed with sirolimus in clinical studies for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis are: peripheral edema, hypercholesterolemia, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, diarrhea, chest pain, stomatitis, nasopharyngitis, acne, upper respiratory tract infection, dizziness, and myalgia.
In mouse studies, these symptoms can be avoided through the use of alternate dosing regimens or analogs such as everolimus or temsirolimus.
The mechanism of the interstitial pneumonitis caused by sirolimus and other macrolide MTOR inhibitors is unclear, and may have nothing to do with the mTOR pathway.
There have been warnings about the use of sirolimus in transplants, where it may increase mortality due to an increased risk of infections.
According to the FDA prescribing information, sirolimus may increase an individual's risk for contracting skin cancers from exposure to sunlight or UV radiation, and risk of developing lymphoma.
In studies, the skin cancer risk under sirolimus was lower than under other immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and calcineurin inhibitors, and lower than under placebo.
Individuals taking sirolimus are at increased risk of experiencing impaired or delayed wound healing, particularly if they have a high body mass index (i.e., a BMI of ≥30 kg/m).
Sirolimus is metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme and is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump; hence, inhibitors of either protein may increase sirolimus concentrations in blood plasma, whereas inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp may decrease sirolimus concentrations in blood plasma.
Unlike the similarly named tacrolimus, sirolimus is not a calcineurin inhibitor, but it has a similar suppressive effect on the immune system.
Sirolimus inhibits IL-2 and other cytokine receptor-dependent signal transduction mechanisms, via action on mTOR, and thereby blocks activation of T and B cells.
The mode of action of sirolimus is to bind the cytosolic protein FK-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) in a manner similar to tacrolimus.
Unlike the tacrolimus-FKBP12 complex, which inhibits calcineurin (PP2B), the sirolimus-FKBP12 complex inhibits the mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin, rapamycin being another name for sirolimus) pathway by directly binding to mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1).
The earlier names FRAP and RAFT were coined to reflect the fact that sirolimus must bind FKBP12 first, and only the FKBP12-sirolimus complex can bind mTOR.
The absorption of sirolimus into the blood stream from the intestine varies widely between patients, with some patients having up to eight times more exposure than others for the same dose.
However, good correlation is noted between trough concentration levels and drug exposure, known as area under the concentration-time curve, for both sirolimus (SRL) and tacrolimus (TAC) (SRL: r2 = 0.83; TAC: r2 = 0.82), so only one level need be taken to know its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile.
The biosynthesis of the rapamycin core is accomplished by a type I polyketide synthase (PKS) in conjunction with a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS).
The domains responsible for the biosynthesis of the linear polyketide of rapamycin are organized into three multienzymes, RapA, RapB, and RapC, which contain a total of 14 modules (figure 1).
The three multienzymes are organized such that the first four modules of polyketide chain elongation are in RapA, the following six modules for continued elongation are in RapB, and the final four modules to complete the biosynthesis of the linear polyketide are in RapC.
Then, the linear polyketide is modified by the NRPS, RapP, which attaches L-pipecolate to the terminal end of the polyketide, and then cyclizes the molecule, yielding the unbound product, prerapamycin.
The core macrocycle, prerapamycin (figure 2), is then modified (figure 3) by an additional five enzymes, which lead to the final product, rapamycin.
Finally, RapN, another P-450, installs a hydroxyl at C27 immediately followed by O-methylation by Rap Q, a distinct MTase, at C27 to yield rapamycin.
Biosynthesis of this 31-membered macrocycle begins as the loading domain is primed with the starter unit, 4,5-dihydroxocyclohex-1-ene-carboxylic acid, which is derived from the shikimate pathway.
The starting unit is then modified by a series of Claisen condensations with malonyl or methylmalonyl substrates, which are attached to an acyl carrier protein (ACP) and extend the polyketide by two carbons each.
After each successive condensation, the growing polyketide is further modified according to enzymatic domains that are present to reduce and dehydrate it, thereby introducing the diversity of functionalities observed in rapamycin (figure 1).
Once the linear polyketide is complete, L-pipecolic acid, which is synthesized by a lysine cycloamidase from an L-lysine, is added to the terminal end of the polyketide by an NRPS.
The macrocyclic core is then customized by a series of post-PKS enzymes through methylations by MTases and oxidations by P-450s to yield rapamycin.
Other mTOR inhibitors, such as temsirolimus (CCI-779) or everolimus (RAD001), are being tested for use in cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme and mantle cell lymphoma.
Akt signalling promotes cell survival in Akt-positive lymphomas and acts to prevent the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide.
Sirolimus also shows promise in treating tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a congenital disorder that leaves sufferers prone to benign tumor growth in the brain, heart, kidneys, skin, and other organs.
After several studies conclusively linked mTOR inhibitors to remission in TSC tumors, specifically subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in children and angiomyolipomas in adults, many US doctors began prescribing sirolimus (Wyeth's Rapamune) and everolimus (Novartis's RAD001) to TSC patients off-label.
A retrospective review of English-language medical publications reporting on topical sirolimus treatment of facial angiofibromas found sixteen separate studies with positive patient outcomes after using the drug.
The reports involved a total of 84 patients, and improvement was observed in 94% of subjects, especially if treatment began during the early stages of the disease.
mTOR, specifically mTOR1, was first shown to be important in aging in 2003, in a study on worms; sirolimus was shown to inhibit and slow aging in worms, yeast, and flies, and then to improve the condition of mouse models of various diseases of aging.
Sirolimus was first shown to extend lifespan in wild-type mice in a study published by NIH investigators in 2009; the studies have been replicated in mice of many different genetic backgrounds.
The known adverse effects caused by sirolimus and marketed analogs at the doses used in transplant regimens, especially the increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression, as well as dose-dependent metabolic impairment, make it unlikely that chronic, long-term treatment with sirolimus could become a widely used anti-aging agent.
Among the effective strategies that have been explored to minimize such side effects are intermittent treatment regimens and combinations with insulin sensitizers (rosiglitazone) or antidiabetics (metformin) to prevent metabolic dysfunction.
As many of these side effects are believed to result not from inhibition of mTORC1, but instead from off-target inhibition of a second mTOR complex, mTORC2, there have been efforts to develop rapamycin analogs that are more specific for mTORC1; these compounds show reduced side effects in vivo.
Rapamycin has complex effects on the immune system—while IL-12 goes up and IL-10 decreases, which suggests an immunostimulatory response, TNF and IL-6 are decreased, which suggests an immunosuppressive response.
The duration of the inhibition and the exact extent to which mTORC1 and mTORC2 are inhibited play a role, but are not yet well understood.
As of 2016 studies in cells, animals, and humans have suggested that mTOR activation as process underlying systemic lupus erythematosus and that inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin may be a disease-modifying treatment.
The average follow-up time was 16.1 months, indicating that topical rapamycin, ranging from .4-1.0% is promising for management of superficial lymphatic malformations.
In this application, rapamycin is added to cells expressing two fusion constructs, one of which contains the rapamycin-binding FRB domain from mTOR and the other of which contains an FKBP domain.
From near its source in the Okefenokee Swamp, to its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean, it forms a portion of the border between the U.S. states of Georgia and Florida.
The St. Marys River rises as a tiny stream, River Styx, flowing from the western edge of Trail Ridge, the geological relic of a barrier island/dune system, and into the southeastern Okefenokee Swamp.
Arching to the northwest, it loses its channel within the swamp, then turns back to the southwest and reforms a stream, at which point it becomes the St. Marys River.
It then flows south, then east, then north, then east-southeast, finally emptying its waters into the Atlantic, near St. Marys, Georgia and Fernandina Beach, Florida.
The British had two men killed, and 14 wounded, including Pigot, who had received two bullet wounds to head and one to a leg.
An artist and his dying wife fulfill her wish of one last canoe ride from the headwaters of the St. Marys to the sea.
To help guide the production of the album, Eno and Peter Schmidt developed instruction cards called Oblique Strategies to facilitate the making of the album.
To further explore the possibilities of the studio setting, Eno and his friend Peter Schmidt developed instruction cards, called Oblique Strategies.
Schmidt also designed the album cover, which consists of four prints from an edition of fifteen hundred of his unique lithographs, as well as Polaroids of Eno, credited on the album sleeve to Lorenz Zatecky.
There was a lot of experimenting and a lot of hours spent with Brian Eno, me, and Rhett in the control room doing all the things that eventually evolved into those cards, the Oblique Strategies, and it was just a lot of fun.
These included Andy Mackay of Roxy Music, along with the Portsmouth Sinfonia, an orchestra in which Eno had once played clarinet.
The Portsmouth Sinfonia allowed anybody to join as long as they had no experience with the instrument they would play in the orchestra.
No singles were released from the album and it failed to chart in either the United Kingdom or the United States.
After the 1937 Constitution of Ireland was enacted the Seal of the President of Ireland was struck as a replacement to the Great Seal.
The Great Seal of Ireland was used in the English king's Lordship of Ireland, which in 1534 became the Kingdom of Ireland.
The seal was retained by the Acts of Union 1800 for use by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the business of the Dublin Castle administration.
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 retained the Lord Lieutenant and Great Seal for use by both Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
The 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty envisaged an Irish Free State to replace Southern Ireland, with a Provisional Government and Provisional Parliament until the Free State's constitution was enacted.
It was thought necessary for legal reasons: The treaty and draft constitution specified that the Irish Free State would have the same constitutional status as Canada, which had its own Great Seal since its Confederation in 1867.
Regarding the design of the Great Seal, an approach was made by Hugh Kennedy, the Attorney General, to Thomas Sadleir, Registrar of the Office of Arms at Dublin Castle.
George Sigerson, the President of the National Literary Society, recommended to Tim Healy, the new Governor-General, that the harp should be adopted as the symbol of the Free State.
On 28 December 1922 a meeting of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State decided that the Celtic harp should be adopted.
Mabel McConnell, from a family of heraldic artists, was contracted by the Executive Council to make the sketches which the Royal Mint in England used to cast the die matrix for the seal.
The Colonial Office objected that the design ought to have been submitted to the Privy Council and approved by Order in Council, but in 1925 the Mint fulfilled the commission regardless.
In 1931, a separate External Great Seal or Royal Great Seal was created to be used on diplomatic documents which required the signature of the monarch in London rather than the Governor-General in Dublin.
Up to 1931, such documents had been transmitted to the Dominions Office and the British Great Seal of the Realm was applied alongside the signature.
At the 1930 Imperial Conference, the Free State proposed that a Dominion should be allowed to send documents via its High Commissioner in London, bypassing the British government, and to affix its own seal rather than the British one.
Whereas the UK's Crown Office Act 1877 permits a small wafer Great Seal to replace the cumbersome wax Great Seal, the Free State's wax seal had no wafer equivalent.
The first use of the External Great Seal was not until 1937, for ratifying the Montreux Convention Regarding the Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt.
The state typically conducted bilateral agreements at inter-government level rather than the nominally more prestigious head-of-state level, so that the Minister for External Affairs would use the internal Great Seal for any documents.
After signing some multilateral treaties that would have required the External Great Seal for ratification, the state chose instead to wait until the treaty had come into force and then become a party to it by accession rather than ratification, as the internal Great Seal would suffice for accession.
After the Statute of Westminster 1931, following the Free State's lead, the Union of South Africa in 1934 and Canada in 1939 passed laws permitting themselves to use their own Great Seals for diplomatic functions.
27) Act 1936 abolished the office of Governor-General and transferred his functions to the Executive Council, which thereafter used the internal Great Seal directly rather than advising the Governor General to use it.
The text on the reverse of External Great Seal was changed likewise, and the British monarch (now George VI) continued to sign diplomatic documents using it.
From designs for painted furniture to elaborate murals in religious buildings, their efforts have permeated virtually every facet of life on the Tibetan plateau.
The vast majority of surviving artworks created before the mid-20th century are dedicated to the depiction of religious subjects, with the main forms being thangka, distemper paintings on cloth, Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings, and small statues in bronze, or large ones in clay, stucco or wood.
They were commissioned by religious establishments or by pious individuals for use within the practice of Tibetan Buddhism and were manufactured in large workshops by monks and lay artists, who are mostly unknown.
The art of Tibet may be studied in terms of influences which have contributed to it over the centuries, from other Chinese, Nepalese, Indian, and sacred styles.
Many bronzes in Tibet that suggest Pala influence, are thought to have been either crafted by Indian sculptors or brought from India.
As Mahayana Buddhism emerged as a separate school in the 4th century AD, it emphasized the role of bodhisattvas, compassionate beings who forgo their personal escape to nirvana in order to assist others.
But the additional dominating presence of the Vajrayana (or Buddhist tantra) may have had an overriding importance in the artistic culture.
A common bodhisattva depicted in Tibetan art is the deity Chenrezig (Avalokitesvara), often portrayed as a thousand-armed saint with an eye in the middle of each hand, representing the all-seeing compassionate one who hears our requests.
Vajrayana techniques incorporate many visualizations during meditation, and most of the elaborate tantric art can be seen as aids to these visualizations; from representations of meditational deities (yidams) to mandalas and all kinds of ritual implements.
A surprising aspect of Tantric Buddhism is the common representation of wrathful deities, often depicted with angry faces, circles of flame, or with the skulls of the dead.
Actually their wrath represents their dedication to the protection of the dharma teaching as well as to the protection of the specific tantric practices to prevent corruption or disruption of the practice.
They are most importantly used as wrathful psychological aspects that can be used to conquer the negative attitudes of the practitioner.
In Tibetan temples (known as lhakhang), statues of the Buddha or Padmasambhava are often paired with statues of the tutelary deity of the district who often appears angry or dark.
These gods once inflicted harm and sickness on the local citizens but after the arrival of Padmasambhava these negative forces have been subdued and now must serve Buddha.
Development of the R-13 was authorised by the Soviet Supreme Council on 25 July 1955 for use on the Project 629 and Project 658 submarines.
The design work was started by OKB-1 under Sergei Korolev before being transferred to CB Miasskoe engineering / Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau (chief designer - Viktor Makeyev).
This missile was somewhat similar in design to the R-11FM missile, which caused some confusion in Western intelligence services during the Cold War.
This missile was the first Soviet design to use a small set of rocket engines (vernier thrusters) to perform course and trajectory alterations instead of aerodynamic control surfaces, although a set of four stabilizers were used to keep the missile on-course during initial flight.
It rises in southern St. Mary's County, and flows to the southeast through Great Mills, widening into a tidal estuary near St. Mary's City, approximately wide at its mouth on the north bank of the Potomac River, near the Chesapeake Bay to the east.
Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting.
More recently, offshoring drivers also include access to qualified personnel abroad, in particular in technical professions, and increasing speed to market.
The increased safety net costs of the unemployed may be absorbed by the government (taxpayers) in the high-cost country or by the company doing the offshoring.
After its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the People's Republic of China emerged as a prominent destination for production offshoring.
After technical progress in telecommunications improved the possibilities of trade in services, India became one prominent destination for such offshoring, though many parts of the world are now emerging as offshore destinations.
Offshoring is defined as the movement of a business process done at a company in one country to the same company in another country.
These jobs are being handled by other organizations that specialize in each sector allowing the offshoring company to focus more on other business concerns.
A company moving an internal business unit from one country to another would be offshoring or physical restructuring, but not outsourcing.
A company subcontracting a business unit to a different company in another country would be both outsourcing and offshoring: Offshore outsourcing.
Offshoring can be seen in the context of either production offshoring or services offshoring, and refers to substitution of a service from any company-owned foreign source for one formerly produced in the company's home country, whether or not outsourcing is involved.
Production offshoring, also known as physical restructuring, of established products involves relocation of physical manufacturing processes overseas, usually to a lower-cost destination or one with fewer regulatory restrictions.
Physical restructuring arrived when the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) made it easier for manufacturers to shift production facilities from the US to Mexico.
This trend later shifted to China, which offered cheap prices through very low wage rates, few workers' rights laws, a fixed currency pegged to the US dollar, (currently fixed to a basket of economies) cheap loans, cheap land, and factories for new companies, few environmental regulations, and huge economies of scale based on cities with populations over a million workers dedicated to producing a single kind of product.
However, many companies are reluctant to move high value-added production of leading-edge products to China because of lax enforcement of intellectual property laws.
Growth of offshoring of IT-enabled services, both to subsidiaries and to outside companies (offshore outsourcing) is linked to the availability of large amounts of reliable and affordable communication infrastructure following the telecommunication and Internet expansion of the late 1990s.
John Urry (distinguished professor of sociology at Lancaster University) argues that the concealment of income, the avoidance of taxation and eluding legislation relating to work, finance, pleasure, waste, energy and security may be becoming a serious concern for democratic governments and ordinary citizens who may be adversely affected by unregulated, offshore activities.
The World Bank's 2019 World Development Report on the future of work considers the potential for automation to drive companies to reshore production, reducing the role of labor in the process, and offers suggestions as to how governments can respond.
A similar movement can be seen related to Robotic Process Automation, called RPA or RPAAI for self-guided RPA 2.0 based on artificial intelligence, where the incentive to move repetitive shared services work to lower cost countries is partially taken away by the progression of technology.
President Obama 2011 SelectUSA program was the first federal program to promote and facilitate U.S. investment in partnership with our states.
Otis says it failed to consider the consequences of the new location and tried to do too much at once, including a supply-chain software implementation.
Bringing manufacturing back to the United States isn't so simple, and there are a lot of considerations and analyses that companies must do to determine the costs and feasibility of reshoring.
The call centre industry in India has been hit by reshoring, as businesses including British Telecom, Santander UK and Aviva all announced they would move operations back to Britain in order to boost the economy and regain customer satisfaction.
Product design, research and the development (R&D) process is relatively difficult to offshore because R&D, to improve products and create new reference designs, requires a higher skill set not associated with cheap labor.
Conversely, companies in countries with weak patent systems have an increased fear of intellectual property theft from foreign vendors or workers, and, therefore, have less offshoring.
When such transfer includes protected materials, as confidential documents and trade secrets, protected by non-disclosure agreements, then intellectual property has been transferred or exported.
The documentation and valuation of such exports is quite difficult, but should be considered since it comprises items that may be regulated or taxable.
On May 1, 2002, Economist and former Ambassador Ernest H. Preeg testified before the Senate committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs that China, for instance, pegs its currency to the dollar at a sub-par value in violation of Article IV of the International Monetary Fund Articles of Agreement which state that no nation shall manipulate its currency to gain a market advantage.
The total number of jobs lost to offshoring, both manufacturing and technical represent only 4 percent of the total jobs lost in the US.
Economist Paul Krugman wrote in 2007 that while free trade among high-wage countries is viewed as win-win, free trade with low-wage countries is win-lose for many employees who find their jobs offshored or with stagnating wages.
The increased safety net costs of the unemployed may be absorbed by the government (taxpayers) in the high-cost country or by the company doing the offshoring.
The World Bank's 2019 World Development Report on the future of work highlights how offshoring can shape the demand for skills in receiving countries and explores how increasing automation can lead to reshoring of production in some cases.
If the state heavily regulates how a corporation can spend its working capital, it will not be able to offshore its operations.
Most theories that argue offshoring eventually benefits domestic workers assume that those workers will be able to obtain new jobs, even if by accepting lower salaries or by retraining themselves in a new field.
Labor scholars argue that global labor arbitrage leads to unethical practices, connected to exploitation of workers, eroding work conditions and decreasing job security.
In the developed world, moving manufacturing jobs out of the country dates to at least the 1960s while moving knowledge service jobs offshore dates to the 1970s and has continued since then.
This offshoring and closing of factories has caused a structural change in the developed world from an industrial to a post-industrial service society.
During the 20th century, the decreasing costs of transportation and communication crossed with great disparities on pay rates made increased offshoring from wealthier countries to less wealthy countries financially feasible for many companies.
This gave rise to business models such as Remote In-Sourcing that allow companies to tap into resources found abroad, without losing control over security of product quality.
New categories of work such as call centres, computer programming, reading medical data such as X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging, medical transcription, income tax preparation, and title searching are being offshored.
Because of Ireland's relatively low corporate tax rates, US companies began offshoring of software, electronic, and pharmaceutical intellectual property to Ireland for export.
In 2005, offshoring of skilled work, also referred to as knowledge work, dramatically increased from the US, which fed the growing worries about threats of job loss.
The opposing sides regarding offshoring, outsourcing, and offshore outsourcing are those seeking government intervention and Protectionism versus the side advocating Free Trade.
Free-trade advocates suggest economies as a whole will obtain a net benefit from labor offshoring, but it is unclear if the displaced receive a net benefit.
A study by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics found that Chinese wages were almost tripled in the seven years following 2002.
Increased training and education has been advocated to offset trade-related displacements, but it is no longer a comparative advantage of high-wage nations because education costs are lower in low-wage countries.
The Arena is the only remaining Roman amphitheatre to have four side towers and with all three Roman architectural orders entirely preserved.
A rare example among the 200 surviving Roman amphitheatres, it is also the best preserved ancient monument in Croatia; however, the arena is not listed on UNESCO world heritage list.
The part facing the sea consists of three stories, while the other part has only two stories since the amphitheatre was built on a slope.
A series of underground passageways were built underneath the arena along the main axis from which animals, ludi scenes and fighters could be released; stores and shops were located under the raked seating.
Each of the four towers had two cisterns filled with perfumed water that fed a fountain or could be sprinkled on the spectators.
In 79 AD it was enlarged to accommodate gladiator fights by Vespasian and to be completed in 81 AD under emperor Titus.
St. Germanus, of whom little is known, was allegedly tortured in the Amphitheatre in or around 290, and subsequently martyred outside the city, on the road to Nesactium.
In the Middle Ages the interior of the Arena was used for grazing, occasional tournaments by the Knights of Malta and medieval fairs.
Performances have included Foo Fighters, Luciano Pavarotti, Đorđe Balašević, Plácido Domingo, Andrea Bocelli, Patrizio Buanne, Jose Carreras, Dino Merlin, Jamiroquai, Anastacia, Eros Ramazzotti, Maksim Mrvica, Norah Jones, Zucchero, Zdravko Čolić, Alanis Morissette, Sinéad O'Connor, Elton John, 2Cellos, Sting, Michael Bolton, Seal, Il Divo, Tom Jones, Gibonni, Manu Chao, Oliver Dragojević, Leonard Cohen, Grace Jones, Moderat, David Gilmour and Frank Zivkovic.
Two professional ice hockey games were played there on September 14 and 16, 2012; KHL Medveščak, a Zagreb-based Erste Bank Eishockey Liga club, hosted HDD Olimpija Ljubljana and the Vienna Capitals.
Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication.
Members of the Deaf community tend to view deafness as a difference in human experience rather than a disability or disease.
Deaf people, in the sense of a community or culture, can then be seen as a minority group, and therefore some who are a part of this community may feel misunderstood by those who don't know sign language.
Additionally, hearing family members may need to learn sign language in order for the deaf person to feel included and supported.
Unlike some other cultures, a deaf person may join the community later in life, rather than needing to be born into it.
Especially in the past, the medical perspective discouraged the use of sign language because they believed it would distract from development of auditory and speech skills.
They believe that this perspective asks Deaf people to fit and find their own way in a predominantly hearing society, instead of recognizing their own abilities and culture.
Supporters of Deaf Culture state that this perspective appropriately recognizes Deaf people as a minority culture in the world with their own language and social norms.
This standpoint is believed to promote Deaf people's right to collective space within society to pass on their language and culture to future generations.
Being involved in the Deaf community and culturally identifying as Deaf has been shown to significantly contribute to positive self-esteem in Deaf individuals.
Conversely, Deaf individuals who are not a part of the Deaf community may not have the same support in the hearing world, resulting in lower self-esteem.
Historically, acculturation has often occurred within schools for Deaf students and within Deaf social clubs, both of which unite deaf people into communities with which they can identify.
A small proportion of deaf individuals acquire sign language and Deaf culture in infancy from Deaf parents, others acquire it through attendance at schools, and yet others may not be exposed to sign language and Deaf culture until college or a time after that.
Although up to fifty percent of deafness has genetic causes, fewer than five percent of deaf people have a deaf parent, so Deaf communities are unusual among cultural groups in that most members do not acquire their cultural identities from parents.
Deaf culture intersects with nationality, education, race, ethnicity, gender, class, sexual orientation, and other identity markers, leading to a culture that is at once quite small and also tremendously diverse.
The extent to which people identify primarily with their deaf identity rather than their membership in other intersecting cultural groups also varies.
There are k-12 schools for the deaf throughout the world and the United States, however higher education specifically for the deaf is more limited.
Advocates in deaf education believe that an improved recognition of American Sign Language (ASL) as an official language would improve education, as well as economic status.
Some argue that by improving the recognition of ASL, better access to school materials, deaf teachers, interpreters, and video-telephone communication would take place.
While the United Kingdom and the United States are both predominantly English speaking, the predominant signed languages used in these countries differ markedly.
Due to the origins of deaf education in the United States, American Sign Language is most closely related to French Sign Language.
Some prominent performers in the United States include Clayton Valli, Ben Bahan, Ella Mae Lentz, Manny Hernandez, C. J. Jones, Debbie Rennie, Patrick Graybill, Peter Cook, and many others.
Organizations such as the Deaf Professional Arts Network or D-PAN are dedicated to promoting professional development and access to the entertainment, visual and media arts fields for individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
American Deaf Community recounts the story of Laurent Clerc, a deaf educator, coming to the United States from France in 1817 to help found the first permanent school for deaf children in the country now named American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut.
Another well-known event is the 1880 Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf in Milan, Italy, where hearing educators voted to embrace oral education and remove sign language from the classroom.
The intent of the oralist method was to teach deaf children to speak and lip read with limited or no use of sign language in the classroom in order to make it easier for deaf children to integrate into hearing communities, but the benefits of learning in such an environment are disputed.
The Milan conference recommendations were repudiated in Hamburg a century later, and sign languages in education came back into vogue after the publication of Stokoe's linguistic analyses of ASL.
During this time there were very few places that the deaf could call their own– places run by deaf people for deaf people.
However, the main attraction of these clubs was that they provided a place that deaf people could go to be around other deaf people, sometimes sharing stories, hosting parties, comedians, and plays.
Today there are only a few spread-out deaf clubs found in the United States and their attendance is commonly small with a tendency to the elderly.
However, others attribute the decline of deaf clubs to the end of World War II and a change in the job market.
When World War II ended and the civil rights movement progressed, the federal government started offering more jobs to deaf men and women.
There is also the American deaf resource center Deaf Queer Resource Center (DQRC), the Hong Kong Bauhinias Deaf Club, and the Greenbow LGBT Society of Ireland.
There are deaf churches (where sign language is the main language), deaf synagogues, deaf Jewish community centers, and the Hebrew Seminary of the Deaf in Illinois.
Deaf people at the library have the same needs as other library patrons, but they often have more difficulty accessing materials and services.
Over the last few decades, libraries in the United States have begun to implement services and collections for Deaf patrons and are working harder every year to make more of their collections, services, their communities, and even the world more accessible.
However, in the last few decades, libraries across the United States have made improvements in library accessibility in general and to the Deaf community specifically.
When disabled communities began demanding equality in the 1970s, Hagemeyer decided to go back to school for her master's degree in library science.
While she was studying there, she realized that there was not very much information about the Deaf community at her library or at the libraries of any of her classmates.
This notebook is now an online resource, which is available at the website of the Friends of Libraries for Deaf Action.
There was a dearth of information for or about the Deaf community available in libraries across the nation and around the globe.
New guidelines from library organizations such as International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and the ALA were written in order to help libraries make their information more accessible to people with disabilities, and in some cases, specifically the Deaf community.
Other guidelines include training library staff to provide services for the Deaf community, availability of text telephones or TTYs not only to assist patrons with reference questions but also for making outside calls, using the most recent technology in order to communicate more effectively with Deaf patrons, including closed captioning services for any television services, and developing a collection that would interest the members of the Deaf community.
Over the years, library services have begun to evolve in order to accommodate the needs and desires of local Deaf communities.
At the Queens Borough Public Library (QBPL) in New York, the staff implemented new and innovative ideas in order to involve the community and library staff with the Deaf people in their community.
The QBPL hired a deaf librarian, Lori Stambler, to train the library staff about Deaf culture, to teach sign language classes for family members and people who are involved with deaf people, and to teach literacy classes for Deaf patrons.
In working with the library, Stambler was able to help the community reach out to its deaf neighbors, and helped other deaf people become more active in their outside community.
The library's collection has grown from a small number of reference books to the world's largest collection of deaf-related materials with over 234,000 books and thousands of other materials in different formats.
The library created a hybrid classification system based on an extension of the Dewey decimal system because traditional Dewey was not fine-grained enough to handle thousands of books in relatively small classification areas such as audiology or Deaf communication.
Originally, the only service provided was the news via a teletypewriter or TTY, but today, the program has expanded to serving the entire state of Tennessee by providing all different types of information and material on deafness, Deaf culture, and information for family members of Deaf people, as well as a historical and reference collection.
With Samuel Greenhouse, he developed the Greenhouse–Geisser correction, which is now widely used in the analysis of variance to correct for violations of the assumption of compound symmetry.
In 1971, he founded the School of Statistics at the University of Minnesota, of which he was the Director for more than 30 years.
The park is part of the larger Serra do Mar chain of mountains, and the most accepted theory about its origin is that it rose about 60 million years ago during earthquakes that caused the Andes to rise.
The purpose of the park was to protect the headwaters of the rivers that flow into the Fluminense basin, and to protect the spectacular mountains.
The park was created by the government of Getúlio Vargas by decree law 1822 of 30 November 1939 with an area of about .
Various buildings and other infrastructure were built in the 1940s such as the natural swimming pool, administrative buildings, warehouses, garage, staff quarters and four shelters on the Trilha do Sino (Bell Trail).
In the 1960s, with the national capital transferred from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia, the park lost funding and the facilities were allowed to deteriorate.
Efforts were made to restore the park from 1980, including publication of the management plan and purchase of land to regularize the park's tenure.
In the 1990s the municipality of Guapimirim was split off from Magé, and also contains the biggest part of the park.
The climate is tropical superhumid, with 80% to 90% relative humidity caused by moist air from the Atlantic most of the year.
Average rainfall is , with more rain in the summer (December to March) and a dry season in the winter from June to August.
The park is in the Atlantic Forest biome, and due to the high rainfall has rich vegetation, much of it unique to this biome.
From there is cloud forest, typically trees of with crooked trunks covered in epiphytic moss and plants such as bromeliads and orchids.
It encompasses a vast number of results that describe how do certain graph properties - number of vertices (size), number of edges, edge density, chromatic number, and girth, for example - guarantee the existence of certain local substructures.
One of the main objects of study in this area of graph theory are extremal graphs, which are maximal or minimal with respect to some global parameter, and such that they contain (or do not contain) a local substructure- such as a clique, or an edge coloring.
Moreover, any tree with formula_1 vertices contains formula_5 edges and does not contain cycles; trees are the only graphs with formula_5 edges and no cycles.
The corresponding extremal graph is a complete bipartite graph on formula_10 vertices, i.e., the two parts differ in size by at most 1.
The main caveat is that for bipartite formula_22, the theorem does not satisfactorily determine the asymptotic behavior of the extremal edge count.
Given a graph property formula_31, a parameter formula_32 describing a graph, and a set of graphs formula_33, we wish to find the minimal possible value formula_34 such that every graph formula_35 with formula_36 has property formula_31.
Additionally, we might want to describe graphs formula_12 which are extremal in the sense of having formula_39 close to formula_34 but which do not satisfy the property formula_31.
In particular, Turán's theorem would later on become a motivation for the finding of results such as the Erdős-Stone-Simonovits Theorem (1946).
An alternative proof of Erdős-Stone-Simonovits was given in 1975, and utilised Szemerédi's Theorem, an essential technique in the resolution of extremal graph theory problems.
where formula_57 is the maximal number of edges that an formula_22-free graph on formula_1 vertices can have, and formula_60 is the chromatic number of formula_22.
Another result by Erdős, Reyni and Sós (1966) shows that graph on formula_1 vertices not containing formula_65 as a subgraph has at most the following number of edges.
Another direction in extremal graph theory is looking for conditions that guarantee the existence of a structure that covers every vertex.
Note that it is even possible for a graph with formula_1 vertices and formula_68 edges to have an isolated vertex, even though almost every possible edge is present in the graph.
Edge counting conditions give no indication as to how the edges in the graph are distributed, leading to results which only find bounded structures on very large graphs.
An extremal graph theory result related to the minimum degree parameter is Dirac's theorem, which states that every graph formula_12 with formula_1 vertices and minimum degree at least formula_72 contains a Hamilton cycle.
For instance, Zarankiewicz problem asks what is the maximum possible number of edges in a bipartite graph on formula_1 vertices which does not have complete bipartite subgraphs of size formula_78.
It is conjectured that if formula_22 is a bipartite graph, then its graphon density (a generalized notion of graph density) formula_80 is at least formula_81.
Triumph the Insult Comic Dog is a puppet character puppeteered and voiced by Robert Smigel, best known for mocking celebrities in an Eastern European accent.
Kerry made a dramatic entry, riding his Harley-Davidson motorcycle onto the stage; but Triumph, in characteristic style, poked fun at him with a series of scathingly rude remarks, to Kerry's evident discomfort.
During the Democratic National Convention in Boston (from which he was ejected), Triumph and Michael Moore attempted to crash Bill O'Reilly's set.
He also gained entry to the Republican convention in New York, and even debated actor Ron Silver during the wrap-up on MSNBC.
In September 2008, Triumph traveled to St. Paul, Minnesota to attend that year's Republican National Convention, where he filed a series of reports as he joked around with delegates inside the hall and protesters in the streets outside the convention.
In October 2008, Triumph made an appearance at Hofstra University in Hempstead, NY during the final presidential debate between John McCain and Barack Obama.
Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant.
Otherwise, the number of mismatched gene variants, namely alleles, encoding cell surface molecules called major histocompatibility complex (MHC), classes I and II, correlate with the rapidity and severity of transplant rejection.
Though cytotoxic-crossmatch assay can predict rejection mediated by cellular immunity, genetic-expression tests specific to the organ type to be transplanted, for instance AlloMap Molecular Expression Testing, have a high negative predictive value.
Because very young children (generally under 12 months, but often as old as 24 months) do not have a well-developed immune system, it is possible for them to receive organs from otherwise incompatible donors.
The most important factors are that the recipient not have produced isohemagglutinins, and that they have low levels of T cell-independent antigens.
UNOS regulations allow for ABOi transplantation in children under two years of age if isohemagglutinin titers are 1:4 or below, and if there is no matching ABOc recipient.
Studies have shown that the period under which a recipient may undergo ABOi transplantation may be prolonged by exposure to nonself A and B antigens.
Furthermore, should the recipient (for example, type B-positive with a type AB-positive graft) require eventual retransplantation, the recipient may receive a new organ of either blood type.
Limited success has been achieved in ABO-incompatible heart transplants in adults, though this requires that the adult recipients have low levels of anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
Rejection is an adaptive immune response via cellular immunity (mediated by killer T cells inducing apoptosis of target cells) as well as humoral immunity (mediated by activated B cells secreting antibody molecules), though the action is joined by components of innate immune response (phagocytes and soluble immune proteins).
Transplanted organs are often acquired from a cadaver (usually a host who had succumbed to trauma), whose tissues had already sustained ischemia or inflammation.
When memory helper T cells' CD4 receptors bind to the MHC class II molecules which are expressed on the surfaces of the target cells of the graft tissue, the memory helper T cells' T cell receptors (TCRs) can recognize their target antigen that is presented by the MHC class II molecules.
The memory helper T cell subsequently produces clones that, as effector cells, secrete immune signalling molecules (cytokines) in approximately the cytokine balance that had prevailed at the memory helper T cell's priming to memorize the antigen.
Alloreactive killer T cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), have CD8 receptors that dock to the transplanted tissue's MHC class I molecules, which display the donor's self peptides.
Thereupon, the T cell receptors (TCRs) of the killer T cells recognize their matching epitope, and trigger the target cell's programmed cell death by apoptosis.
At secondary exposure, these crossreactive antibody molecules interact with aspects of innate immunity—soluble immune proteins called complement and innate immune cells called phagocytes—which inflames and destroys the transplanted tissue.
Each of the two tips of Fab region is the paratope, which binds a matching molecular sequence and its 3D shape (conformation), altogether called epitope, within the target antigen.
The IgG's Fc region also enables opsonization by a phagocyte, a process by which the Fc receptor on the phagocyte—such as neutrophils in blood and macrophages in tissues—binds the antibody molecule's FC stalk, and the phagocyte exhibits enhanced uptake of the antigen, attached to the antibody molecule's Fab region.
Cell debris can be recognized as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), on membranes of phagocytes, which thereupon secrete proinflammatory cytokines, recruiting more phagocytes to traffic to the area by sensing the concentration gradient of the secreted cytokines (chemotaxis).
Of high risk in kidney transplants is rapid clumping, namely agglutination, of red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes), as an antibody molecule binds multiple target cells at once.
While kidneys can routinely be obtained from human donors, most organs are in short supply leading to consideration of xenotransplants from other species.
Unlike virtually all other mammals, humans and other primates do not make αGal, and in fact recognize it as an antigen.
During transplantation, xenoreactive natural antibodies recognize αGal on the graft endothelium as an antigen, and the resulting complement-mediated immune response leads to a rejection of the transplant.
Acute rejection begins as early as one week after transplant, the risk being highest in the first three months, though it can occur months to years later.
Highly vascular tissues such as kidney or liver often host the earliest signs—particularly at endothelial cells lining blood vessels—though it eventually occurs in roughly 10 to 30% of liver transplants, and 10 to 20% of kidney transplants.
It is believed that the process of acute rejection is mediated by the cell mediated pathway, specifically by mononuclear macrophages and T-lymphocytes.
Chronic rejection explains long-term morbidity in most lung-transplant recipients, the median survival roughly 4.7 years, about half the span versus other major organ transplants.
First noted is infiltration by lymphocytes, followed by epithelial cell injury, then inflammatory lesions and recruitment of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which proliferate and secrete proteins forming scar tissue.
Generally thought unpredictable, BOS progression varies widely: lung function may suddenly fall but stabilize for years, or rapidly progress to death within a few months.
Risk factors include prior acute rejection episodes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, acute infections, particular age groups, HLA mis-matching, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, and graft dysfunction (e.g., airway ischemia).
Diagnosis of acute rejection relies on clinical data—patient signs and symptoms but also calls on laboratory data such as blood or even tissue biopsy.
The laboratory pathologist generally seeks three main histological signs: (1) infiltrating T cells, perhaps accompanied by infiltrating eosinophils, plasma cells, and neutrophils, particularly in telltale ratios, (2) structural compromise of tissue anatomy, varying by tissue type transplanted, and (3) injury to blood vessels.
Chronic rejection is generally considered irreversible and poorly amenable to treatment—only retransplant generally indicated if feasible—though inhaled ciclosporin is being investigated to delay or prevent chronic rejection of lung transplants.
The monoclonal anti-T cell antibody OKT3, once used to prevent rejection, and still occasionally used to treat severe acute rejection, has fallen into disfavor, as it commonly brings severe cytokine release syndrome and late post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
Cases refractory to immunosuppressive or antibody therapy are sometimes treated with photopheresis, or extracorporeal photoimmune therapy (ECP), to remove antibody molecules specific to the transplanted tissue.
Bone marrow transplant can replace the transplant recipient's immune system with the donor's, and the recipient accepts the new organ without rejection.
The marrow's hematopoietic stem cells—the reservoir of stem cells replenishing exhausted blood cells including white blood cells forming the immune system—must be of the individual who donated the organ or of an identical twin or a clone.
There is a risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), however, whereby mature lymphocytes entering with marrow recognize the new host tissues as foreign and destroy them.
The Revillagigedo Islands (, ) or Revillagigedo Archipelago are a group of four volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean, known for their unique ecosystem.
In July 2016, the Revillagigedo Archipelago were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in November 2017 they were declared to be a marine reserve and a national park of Mexico.
Clarión is comparatively far to the west, by more than 200 km in comparison with the inner islands, and in UTC-8 (Pacific Time Zone).
The Revillagigedo Islands are one of three Mexican island groups in the Pacific Ocean that are not on the continental shelf; the others are Guadalupe Island and Rocas Alijos.
The Revillagigedo Islands have been visited by a number of other explorers: Domingo del Castillo (1541), Miguel Pinto (1772), Alexander von Humboldt (1811), Benjamin Morrell (1825), Sir Edward Belcher (1839) who made the first botanical collections and Reeve, who witnessed the eruption of Mount Evermann in 1848.
On 25 July 1861, President Benito Juárez signed a decree awarding territorial control over the four islands to the state of Colima.
His plan was to build an offshore penitentiary on Isla Socorro; although this never happened, the decree whereby they were attached to Colima has never been repealed.
In 1865, the island was explored by ornithologist Andrew Jackson Grayson, who discovered the Socorro dove, Socorro mockingbird and the Socorro elf owl which were later given scientific names in his honor.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, director of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, California, promoted the scientific exploration of the islands.
In 1957 the Mexican Navy established a naval base on Socorro and has had a permanent presence on the island since then.
The seas surrounding the larger islands are popular with scuba divers; a variety of marine life such as cetaceans, sharks and manta rays can be observed.
Visitors usually stay aboard expedition vessels during their visit to the islands, which is desirable from an ecological standpoint to prevent introduction of further invasive species.
On 24 November 2017, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto created North America's largest marine protected area around the Revillagigedo Islands.
This protected area covers 57,000 square miles or 150,000 square kilometers around the islands, and bans fishing, mining, and tourism development in the protected area and on the islands.
According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), 14 of the islands' 16 generally accepted resident taxa of landbirds as well as one seabird are endemic, as are all of the islands' native terrestrial vertebrates.
Numerous seabird taxa breed no further north(east)wards than San Benedicto; storm-petrels are notably absent as breeders though they breed in the region and visit the islands to forage.
The San Benedicto ecosystem was nearly wiped out in the devastating eruption of Bárcena volcano on August 1, 1952, but has since recovered; apparently just the San Benedicto rock wren became entirely extinct.
Most if not all native plants found on San Benedicto today are shared with Clarión, not with the closer Socorro to the south, due to the prevailing winds and ocean currents.
As opposed to the interchange between the islands, the animals and plants that colonized them initially are apparently all from mainland populations generally to the northeastward of the Revillagigedos.
Plants are most often derived from Baja California founder populations, whereas the endemic nonavian reptiles seem to be rather derived directly from mainland populations of the Sonora-Sinaloa area.
As illustrated by the fact that no endemic landbird taxon occurs on more than one island and the cases of the Socorro and Clarión wrens as well as the Socorro dove and Clarión mourning dove, each bird population seems to have arisen independently.
Dr. Harmunt Walter of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Dr. Luis F. Baptista of the California Academy of Sciences have coordinated breeding and reintroduction efforts for the Socorro dove since 1988, through the Island Endemics Institute.
The committee has been advocating removal of the exotic species from the islands, especially the estimated 2000 sheep on Socorro, to allow the islands' ecology to recover, and adoption of a management plan to promote the recovery of the islands' native species, including reintroduction of the Socorro dove.
On 25 November 2017, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto acted to protect the biodiversity of the region by creating North America's largest marine protected area around the islands, and prohibiting mining, fishing, and tourism development on or near the islands.
His fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) are today considered classic and are discussed in standard textbooks of physical chemistry.
With his brother Heinz London, he made a significant contribution to understanding electromagnetic properties of superconductors with the London equations and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on five separate occasions.
Being a Jew, London lost his position at the University of Berlin after Hitler's Nazi Party passed the 1933 racial laws.
He took visiting positions in England and France, and emigrated to the United States in 1939, of which he became a naturalized citizen in 1945.
This paper was the first to properly explain the bonding in a homonuclear molecule as H. It is no coincidence that the Heitler–London work appeared shortly after the introduction of quantum mechanics by Heisenberg and Schrödinger, because quantum mechanics was crucial in their explanation of the covalent bond.
In 1930 he gave (together with R. Eisenschitz) a unified treatment of the interaction between two noble gas atoms that attract each other at large distance, but repel each other at short distances.
Eisenschitz and London showed that this repulsion is a consequence of enforcing the electronic wavefunction to be antisymmetric under electron permutations.
For atoms and nonpolar molecules, the London dispersion force is the only intermolecular force, and is responsible for their existence in liquid and solid states.
For polar molecules, this force is one part of the van der Waals force, along with forces between the permanent molecular dipole moments.
London was the first theoretical physicist to make the fundamental, and at the time controversial, suggestion that superfluidity is intrinsically related to the Einstein condensation of bosons, a phenomenon now known as Bose–Einstein condensation.
Bose recognized that the statistics of massless photons could also be applied to massive particles; he did not contribute to the theory of the condensation of bosons.
London was also one of the early authors (including Schrödinger) to have properly understood the principle of local gauge invariance (Weyl) in the context of the then new quantum mechanics.
London predicted the effect of flux quantization in superconductors and with his brother Heinz postulated that the electrodynamics of superconductors is described by a massive field.
that whilst magnetic flux is expelled from a superconductor, this happens exponentially over a finite length with an exponent which is now called the London penetration depth.
London also developed a theory of a rotational response of a superconductor, pointing out that rotation of a superconductor generates magnetic field London moment.
Since 1956, the Fritz London Memorial Lectures have brought to the scientific community at Duke University a distinguished group of lecturers including twenty Nobel laureates.
The scientific interests of each lecturer impinge at one or more points upon the various fields of physics and chemistry to which Fritz London contributed.
The fund is to be used to (1) underwrite the Fritz London Memorial Prize, given in recognition of outstanding contributions in Low Temperature Physics and (2) provide support for the London Memorial Lectures at Duke University.
The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and several other Soviet republics from 1917 to 1936 and again from 1989 to 1991.
After the creation of the Soviet Union, the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union functioned as its legislative branch until its dissolution in 1936.
By the time of Lenin's death in 1924 the Congress of Soviets effectively only rubber-stamped the decisions of the Communist Party and served as a propaganda tribune.
Academically, Duffy earned credentials in theater arts that entitled him to teach, graduating from the University of Washington in 1971 with a degree in drama.
He ruptured both his vocal cords during his senior year of college, so he created the position of actor-in-residence, where he worked as an interpreter for ballet, opera, and orchestra companies in Washington.
Duffy married Carlyn Rosser, a professional ballerina 10 years his senior, in a Soka Gakkai International Buddhist ceremony on February 15, 1974.
He converted to Nichiren Buddhism and began chanting Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō at the approximate time of his earliest encounters with his wife, who was then a ballet dancer with the First Chamber Dance Company of New York.
On November 18, 1986, Duffy's parents were murdered by two young men, Kenneth Miller and Sean Wentz, during an armed robbery of the Boulder, Montana, tavern which his parents owned.
Wentz and Miller, who were teenagers at the time, were convicted of the murders and sentenced to 75 years in prison.
In 2001, Miller appeared before the Montana Parole board after Sean Wentz recanted his original story, admitting that he was the sole gunman.
She'd schlepp in and drop your jaw with every performance — whether it was drinking a cup of coffee, having a mastectomy, or losing Jock Ewing.
While many people were involved, the four central figures in the founding of Bennington were Vincent Ravi Booth, Mr. and Mrs. Hall Park McCullough, and William Heard Kilpatrick.
A Women's Committee, headed by Mrs. Hall Park McCullough, organized the Colony Club Meeting in 1924, which brought together some 500 civic leaders and educators from across the country.
As a result of the Colony Club Meeting, a charter was secured and a board of trustees formed for Bennington College.
One of the trustees, John Dewey, helped shape many of the College's signature programs such as The Plan Process and Field Work Term through his educational principles.
In 1928, six years before the College would begin, Robert Devore Leigh was recruited by the Bennington College executive committee to serve as the first president of Bennington.
Every year since the College began in 1932, every Bennington College student has engaged in internships and volunteer opportunities each winter term.
In 1935 the administration agreed to admit young men into the Bennington Theater Studio program, since men were needed for theatrical performances.
Between 1935 and 1939 the famous social psychologist Theodore Newcomb conducted a study about the change of political attitude during the New Deal period.
In 1951 the U.S. State Department issued a documentary on Bennington highlighting its unique educational approach as a model for the Allied rebuilding of German society after the War.
In 1968, three new student houses were completed to help house the growing student population and were named in honor of William C. Fels, Jessie Smith Noyes, and Margaret Smith Sawtell.
These houses were designed by the distinguished modernist architect, Edward Larrabee Barnes, who posthumously earned the 2007 American Institute of Architects Gold Medal.
According to the Trustees, the process was intended to reinvent the college, and the Board said it received over 600 contributions to this end.
Near the end of June 1994, 27 faculty members (approximately one-third of the total faculty body) were notified by certified mail that their contracts would not be renewed.
Critics of the Symposium, and the 1994 firings, have alleged that the Symposium was essentially a sham, designed to provide a pretext for the removal of faculty members to whom the college's president, Elizabeth Coleman, was hostile.
Some have questioned the timing of the firings, arguing that by waiting until the end of June, the college made it impossible for students affected by the firings to transfer to other institutions.
In May 1996, 17 of the faculty members terminated in the 1994 firings filed a lawsuit against Bennington College, seeking $3.7 million in damages and reinstatement to their former positions.
In December 2000, the case was settled out of court; as part of the settlement, the fired faculty members received $1.89 million and an apology from the college.
In the immediate wake of the controversy, for the 1994–1995 academic year, the college's enrollment dropped to a record low of 370 undergraduates, and the following year (1995–1996), undergraduate enrollment declined to 285.
The largest single gift ever awarded by the foundation has helped establish the Helen Frankenthaler Fund for the Visual Arts and provides support for all aspects of the school's visual arts program including curricula, facilities, programs, and faculty.
In recognition of the gift, the visual arts wing of the college's 120,000-square-foot arts facility was renamed the Helen Frankenthaler Visual Arts Center.
At Bennington, students receive graduate-style advising from a faculty member who assists with course selection, internship and job applications, graduate school preparation, and more.
Instead, the Plan Process is an alternative to majors, which encourages students to lead their own education, rather than choosing from pre-existing paths.
Within the Plan Process, there are no required courses, so from the moment students arrive, they are free to begin crafting their plan of study to meet their interests and explore new fields.
In their second year, students must submit an essay-style Plan proposal, which details their desired primary and secondary areas of study, a summary of their interests and previous coursework, and a framework for how their studies should progress to culminate in senior work in one of the existing disciplines such as Society, Culture and Thought, Advancement of Public Action, Dance, Environmental Studies, Visual Arts, and others.
Students then meet with a committee of faculty members and their academic adviser to review the proposed Plan and make any necessary changes.
After their Plan is improved, students regularly meet with their adviser to choose relevant courses and meet again with the Plan committee each fall to discuss their progress towards completion.
Field Work Term is a required annual internship program that gives students the opportunity to gain professional experience beyond the classroom before graduating.
Core faculty has included fiction writers David Gates, Amy Hempel, Jill McCorkle, and Lynne Sharon Schwartz; nonfiction writers Sven Birkerts, Susan Cheever, Phillip Lopate, Tom Bissell, and George Scialabba; and poets April Bernard, Major Jackson, Timothy Liu, Amy Gerstler, Mark Wunderlich, and Ed Ochester.
For students who have excelled in an undergraduate program in an area other than science and now wish to acquire the prerequisites necessary to apply to medical and other health-related professional schools, Bennington offers a one-year intensive science curriculum.
Postbaccalaureate students are both recent college graduates and experienced professionals from many backgrounds advancing on to Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, the University of Vermont, Yale and other prestigious medical and health profession schools.
The two year, four semester for MFA in Dance curriculum is designed for students who already have significant professional achievement and experience.
Students work closely with faculty to advance their work and research, contributing to ongoing performances and workshops, as well as creating original work.
The MFA in Music program at Bennington allows students to do advanced work in composition or voice, working closely with Bennington's music faculty to design an individualized and largely self-directed program.
The groundbreaking ceremony for Bennington College took place on August 16, 1931, and construction of the original Bennington College campus was completed by 1936.
Dodge designed Commons, the 12 original student houses, as well as the reconfiguration of the Barn from a working farm building into classrooms and administrative offices.
The campus was built by more than 100 local craftsmen, many of whom had been out of work since the stock market crash of 1929.
Bennington College has a total undergraduate enrollment of 668, with a gender distribution of 32.9 percent male students and 67.1 percent female students.
Frost was involved in the founding of Bennington during the 1930s, suggesting the use of narrative evaluations which became a core aspect of the college's academic process.
After acquiring the museum, the college intends to create educational opportunities for students with relevant areas of study to engage with the museum's resources.
TOPS-10 System (Timesharing / Total Operating System-10) is a discontinued operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 (or DECsystem-10) mainframe computer family.
The Monitor Call API was very much ahead of its time, like most of the operating system, and made system programming on DECsystem-10s simple and powerful.
Release 6.01 (May 1974) was the first TOPS-10 to implement virtual memory (demand paging), enabling programs larger than physical memory to be run.
This relationship can be described by a dissociation constant, which characterizes the balance between bound and unbound states for the protein-ligand system.
In the context of a single enzyme and a pair of binding molecules, the two ligands can be compared as stronger or weaker ligands (for the enzyme) on the basis of their dissociation constants.
If a given enzyme has a high chemical specificity, this means that the set of ligands to which it binds is limited, such that neither binding events nor catalysis can occur at an appreciable rate with additional molecules.
Conversely, an example of a protein-ligand system that can bind substrates and catalyze multiple reactions effectively is the Cytochrome P450 system, which can be considered a promiscuous enzyme due to its broad specificity for multiple ligands.
Electrostatic interactions and Hydrophobic interactions are known to be the most influential in regards to where specificity between two molecules is derived from.
In addition to the specificity in binding its substrates, correct proximity and orientation as well as binding thee transition state provide an additional layer of enzyme specificity.
On the other hand, certain physiological functions require extreme specificity of the enzyme for a single specific substrate in order for a proper reaction and physiological phenotype to occur.
Its absolute specificity refers to glucose being the only hexose that is able to be its substrate, as opposed to hexokinase, which accommodates many hexoses as its substrate.
Group specificity occurs when an enzyme will only react with molecules that have specific functional groups, such as aromatic structures, phosphate groups, and methyls.
One example is Pepsin, an enzyme that is crucial in digestion of foods ingested in our diet, that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in between hydrophobic amino acids, with recognition for aromatic side chains such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine.
Glucose is one of the most important substrates in metabolic pathways involving hexokinase due to its role in glycolysis, but is not the only substrate that hexokinase can catalyze a reaction with.
This differs from group specificity, as it is not reliant on the presence of particular functional groups in order to catalyze a particular reaction, but rather a certain bond type (for example, a peptide bond).
Stereochemical molecules differ in the way in which they rotate plane polarized light, or orientations of linkages (see alpha, beta glycosidic linkages).
For example, beta-glycosidase will only react with beta-glycosidic bonds which are present in cellulose, but not present in starch and glycogen, which contain alpha-glycosidic linkages.
For instance, the enzyme Amylase is present in mammal saliva, that is stereo-specific for alpha-linkages, this is why mammals are able to efficiently use starch and glycogen as forms of energy, but not cellulose (because it is a beta-linkage).
kd would be equivalent to k-1/k1, where k1 and k-1 are the rates of the forward and backward reaction, respectively in the conversion of individual E and S to the enzyme substrate complex.
The chemical specificity of an enzyme for a particular substrate can be found using two variables that are derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation.
kcat over km is known as the specificity constant, which gives a measure of the affinity of a substrate to some particular enzyme.
Specificity is important for novel drug discovery and the field of clinical research, with new drugs being tested for its specificity to the target molecule in various rounds of clinical trials.
Drugs must contain as specific as possible structures in order to minimize the possibility of off-target affects that would produce unfavorable symptoms in the patient.
For example, the basis that drugs must successfully be proven to accomplish is both the ability to bind the target receptor in the physiological environment with high specificity and also its ability to transduce a signal to produce a favorable biological effect against the sickness or disease that the drug is intended to negate.
Another technique that relies on chemical specificity is Western blotting, which is utilized to detect a certain protein of interest in a tissue.
Antibodies are specific to the target protein of interest, and will contain a fluorescent tag signaling the presence of the researcher's protein of interest.
Binding of a ligand to a binding site on protein often triggers a change in conformation in the protein and results in altered cellular function.
Binding sites incur functional changes in a number of contexts, including enzyme catalysis, molecular pathway signaling, homeostatic regulation, and physiological function.
Electric charge, steric shape and geometry of the site selectively allow for highly specific ligands to bind, activating a particular cascade of cellular interactions the protein is responsible for.
Active site residues of hexokinase allow for stabilization of the glucose molecule in the active site and spurs the onset of an alternative pathway of favorable interactions, decreasing the activation energy.
Competitive inhibitors compete with substrate to bind to free enzymes at active sites and thus impede the production of the enzyme-substrate complex upon binding.
For example, in the context of protein function, the binding of calcium to troponin in muscle cells can induce a conformational change in troponin.
This allows for tropomyosin to expose the actin-myosin binding site to which the myosin head binds to form a cross-bridge and induce a muscle contraction.
In the context of the blood, an example of competitive binding is carbon monoxide which competes with oxygen for the active site on heme.
In these circumstances, the binding of carbon monoxide induces a conformation change that discourages heme from binding to oxygen, resulting in carbon monoxide poisoning.
The binding of a ligand to an allosteric site of a multimeric enzyme often induces positive cooperativity, that is the binding of one substrate induces a favorable conformation change and increases the enzyme's likelihood to bind to a second substrate.
Regulatory site ligands can involve homotropic and heterotropic ligands, in which single or multiple types of molecule affects enzyme activity respectively.
Curves can be characterized by their shape, sigmoidal or hyperbolic, which reflect whether or not the protein exhibits cooperative or noncooperative binding behavior respectively.
Typically, the x-axis describes the concentration of ligand and the y-axis describes the fractional saturation of ligands bound to all available binding sites.
The Michaelis Menten equation is derived based on steady-state conditions and accounts for the enzyme reactions taking place in a solution.
This means that the binding of oxygen to a heme group on hemoglobin induces a favorable conformation change that allows for increased binding favorability of oxygen for the next heme groups.
For instance, penicillin kills bacterial enzymes by inhibiting DD-transpeptidase, destroying the development of the bacterial cell wall and inducing cell death.
Thus, the study of binding sites is relevant to many fields of research, including cancer mechanisms, drug formulation, and physiological regulation.
In the scope of cancer, ligands that are edited to have a similar appearance to the natural ligand are used to inhibit tumor growth.
Beta blockers (β-Blockers) are antihypertensive agents that block the binding of the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline to β1 and β2 receptors in the heart and blood vessels.
Botulinum toxin, known commercially as Botox, is a neurotoxin causes flaccid paralysis in the muscle due to binding to acetylcholine dependent nerves.
Sequence based methods rely on the assumption that the sequences of functionally conserved portions of proteins such as binding site are conserved.
The pocket based methods search for concave surfaces or buried pockets in the target protein that possess features such as hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding capacity that would allow them to bind ligands with high affinity.
Even though the term pocket is used here, similar methods can be used to predict binding sites used in protein-protein interactions that are usually more planar, not in pockets.
The novel is set in two neighbouring fictional countries: To the South lies Ancelstierre, which has a technology level and society similar to that of early-20th century Australia, and to the North lies the Old Kingdom, where both Free magic and Charter Magic exist — a fact officially denied by the government of Ancelstierre and disbelieved by most of Ancelstierre's inhabitants.
Near the border some magic crosses the Wall, especially on days when the wind is blowing out of the Old Kingdom.
Since the fall of the Royal Family, dangerous entities roam, ranging from the undead to powerful sorcerers and Free Magic elementals.
These living Dead are raised by Necromancers, diviners of the dead who roam the Old Kingdom or live in Death, using Hands to do their bidding.
To remedy the problem of dangerous living dead, a necromancer under the title of Abhorsen uses a bandolier of Bells and a sword to put the dead to rest.
At the time of Sabriel, it is her father Terciel who has the job of putting the dead to rest in the Old Kingdom, especially difficult since a new evil is rising.
When the current Abhorsen is overcome by one such evil and beyond the Seventh Gate, he sends his bells (the primary tools of a necromancer and used in various ways to control the Dead) and sword to his daughter Sabriel via an undead messenger bound and under his control.
Sabriel is at an Ancelstierre school for girls to remain out of reach of those who might try to strike at her father through her and end the Abhorsen bloodline.
She is instructed by her father (speaking through the undead messenger in Death) to return to the Old Kingdom to take on the role of Abhorsen and stop Kerrigor's return to Life.
She enters Death to see what it is and notices strings attached to it passing over the waterfall of the First Gate; a sign that the creature is under the control of a necromancer further in Death.
It is very weak, but Sabriel makes out that it is a messenger bound by her father who is past the Seventh Gate of Death.
She is instructed by her father (through the messenger) that she is to take on the role of Abhorsen and defeat Kerrigor (a powerful Free Magic necromancer) who is attempting to make his way back into Life to break the Charter which binds the Free Magic and thus destroy the Charter of the Old Kingdom.
She retrieves the satchel which contains the Abhorsen's bandelier of bells, the Abhorsen's sword and a map of the Old Kingdom.
The areas near the Wall are being evacuated and only those who are inhabitants of the Old Kingdom are allowed the cross.
She is able to outrun the creature and reach the safety of Abhorsen's House, which is located on an island in the center of the river.
She also meets Mogget, a Free Magic construct who takes the form of a small white cat, wearing a collar with a powerful binding spell on it and a miniature Saraneth hanging from it.
While in the air, Sabriel and Mogget are attacked by the Dead, and Sabriel loosens Mogget's collar to avoid a fatal crash.
The next day, Sabriel and Mogget walk through a tunnel to another sinkhole, which Mogget determines to be Holehallow, the historical burial place of the royal family.
Sabriel discovers that the figurehead on one of the boats is not a wooden carving but an actual man, who has been imprisoned in that form for two hundred years.
The man tells Sabriel that he was a Royal Guard before his imprisonment, and asks to be called Touchstone (a jester's name) for reasons that remain cryptic.
Since he has stayed too long in Death, he cannot return for long, but with what little time he has left, the Abhorsen tells Sabriel about the evil known as Kerrigor.
Sabriel releases her father from Death, and once they emerge from Death, father and daughter part for the last time — he, to ring the bell Astarael (the sound of which throws everyone who hears it far into the realm of Death) and delay Kerrigor's havoc; and she, to save Touchstone by bringing him (and herself) as far away from Astarael's music as possible.
Sabriel and Touchstone use another Paperwing to bring them as close to the Wall as possible, and cross over to Ancelstierre to find Kerrigor's body, following the clairvoyant guidance of the Clayr twins Sanar and Ryelle.
She dies but the previous Abhorsens prevent her from crossing into Final Death as she cannot die without someone else to take her place as Abhorsen.
She wakes up with Touchstone before her, and both Mogget and Kerrigor asleep, bound by Ranna (the first of seven necromantic bells that instills sleep and quiescence in those who hear it).
Thousands of years ago, seven of the Nine Bright Shiners sacrificed their powers to create the Charter: a combination of powerful objects (the Great Stones and the Wall) and three magic blood lines, known as the Abhorsen, the Clayr and the Royal Family.
These artifacts, the Charter Stones, are sources of the web of Charter magic that maintains peace and order over the kingdom.
One of the most respected figures in the Old Kingdom, the Abhorsen uses both the dangerous Free Magic-based powers of a necromancer and the benevolent magic of the Charter to keep the gates of Death against the return of Dead spirits back into Life.
They use the bells, named after the seven bright shiners that established the old kingdom, in tandem with their natural affinity with Death, granted by their ancestor bright shiner, to amplify their powers.
Like all three bloodlines, the Abhorsen bloodline not only defines their job (the Abhorsen may only be chosen from direct blood relatives) and grants them their powers, but also determines their appearance.
Among the families guarding the Old Kingdom from disaster, and the only family guarding it from disasters from Death, Abhorsens are unique in their ability to sense Death.
They are able to identify undead creatures and differentiate them from the living, and cross over into Death to fight undead minions there and banish them to a final death.
They are also the only ones who have the proper authority to enter Death, and therefore the only Necromancers who retain uncorrupted charter marks and mage powers.
For centuries, the royalty justly ruled the Old Kingdom from their palace at the capital Belisaere as powerful upholders of the peace, until their fall by the hands of Kerrigor, or Prince Rogirek nicknamed Rogir, a rogue member of the royal family who killed his sisters and mother to use their blood to break the Great Charter Stones.
The largest family among the magical bloodlines, the Clayr are arbiters of justice and foresight who see all from their glacier in the northernmost parts of the Old Kingdom.
The Clayr are a family of seers who may, when there is need, pool their powers together to see clear visions of the future, while individually they see only splinters.
The Wallmakers were the builders of the Wall that divides the Old Kingdom from Ancelstriere and creators of the Charter Stones; A Charter Magic bloodline particularly skilled in the creation of magical objects.
They created the weaponry of the Royal Family (such as the twin swords wielded by Touchstone), the ceramic, nearly impervious armor known as Gethre owned by the Abhorsens, the Abhorsen's sword, and other powerful Charter Magic objects and weapons possessed by the Clayr.
These creatures are the strongest of the Dead and with their necromantic powers they can raise and command the lesser dead.
The most powerful of the Greater Dead is Kerrigor, who is the only undead creature to retain his full potential for Free magic after death.
The collective name for all dead spirits which lack the knowledge and power it takes to become one of the greater dead.
A powerful Lesser Dead Free Magic creature which can easily pass through the Gates of Death and into Life where it has a strong hold.
It is created by a necromancer by molding bog-clay and human blood, infusing it with Free Magic, and placing a Dead spirit inside.
As Sabriel drew closer to the Door in the Long Cliffs leading to the Abhorsen's House, it gave chase, but Sabriel made it to the door and through a passageway due to its Charter Magic Guard which momentarily held off the Mordicant.
The Mordicant then led a siege using Shadow hands and living human slaves who worked non-stop for days to fill the river with earth to allow him to cross.
To end the siege, Sabriel called on the Clayr's gift of water bringing forth a massive wave to wipe the Mordicant and his slaves away.
Sabriel sensed when the creature broke through her protection, and banished it to death with the Abhorsen's sword and the bell Kibeth.
Usually a skilled necromancer uses the heads of dead humans to bring back only their spirits, forming an incorporeal, and dark shadow that only has a pair of hands and does the bidding of the necromancer.
Shadow Hands are difficult to destroy by mere force, but can be easily put to rest by the bells of the Abhorsen.
They attacked Wyverly College after the Dead Hands made it past the soldiers and while Sabriel was attempting to destroy Rogirrek (Rogir)/Kerrigor's body.
It cohabits a human body, controlling and hiding in it, and slowly saps the life from it in order to avoid Death.
Once it has nearly consumed the soul of the host, it comes out at night and takes the life of any other human around it.
Once she had sensed it and was putting it to sleep with Ranna, the Mordaut killed Patar by sucking all the life out of him instantly.
Sabriel stabbed it with her sword and sent it deep into Death using the bells Saraneth (the Binder), Ranna (the Sleepbringer), and Kibeth (the Walker).
They disintegrate in the sun, are torn apart by wind, and decay over time, but they can fly over running water.
They seemingly fly without the use of wings or plumage as they are suspended by the Free Magic which was used to create them.
It is also an ALA Notable Book and was a short-list nominee for the 1996 Ditmar Award for best long fiction.
Nix co-wrote the screenplay with Dan Futterman, actor and Oscar-nominated screenwriter of Capote, and Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner at Plan B Entertainment were to produce.
Marquardt Corporation was one of the few aeronautical engineering firms that was dedicated almost solely to the development of the ramjet engine.
Marquardt designs were developed through the 1940s into the 1960s, but the ramjet never became a major design and the company turned to other fields in the 1970s.
Roy Marquardt was an aeronautical engineering graduate from Caltech who had worked at Northrop during World War II on the YB-35 flying-wing bomber project.
While working on problems cooling the engines, which were buried in the wings, he found that the heat generated by the engines produced useful thrust.
This started his interest in the ramjet principle, and in November 1944 he started Marquardt Aircraft in Venice, California to develop and sell ramjet engines.
Marquardt's first products were wind tunnels, but by the end of their first year they had delivered an experimental 20 inch (0.51 m) ramjet to the United States Navy for testing.
The United States Army Air Forces purchased two of the same design early in 1946, and fitted them to the wingtips of a P-51 Mustang fighter for in-flight testing.
Four Gorgon flights with the new engines were made that year at Mach 0.85 at 10,000 feet (3,000 m) altitude, and in 1948 a newer engine pushed the speeds to Mach 0.9.
This requires the airflow to be slowed to subsonic speeds for combustion, which is accomplished with a series of shock waves created by a carefully designed inlet.
Marquardt sold a controlling interest in the company to General Tire and Rubber Company in 1949, and used the funds to move to a new site in Van Nuys, the former Timm Aircraft factories.
Many of them were designs to be shot down as target drones, or simply crash or explode at the end of their mission, so simplicity and low cost was as important as high-speed performance.
By 1952 Marquardt was involved in a number of projects, including the Navy's Rigel missile, and the Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc anti-aircraft missile.
Over the next few years the X-7 missile broke many records, and led the Air Force to award Marquardt the contract for the BOMARC missile engines.
Originally they had intended to award the production to a larger company with better manufacturing abilities, as the Van Nuys plant wouldn't be able to build the 1,500 engines quickly enough.
Instead, the Air Force and Marquardt collaborated on a new plant on the shores of Great Salt Lake just outside Ogden, Utah.
Meanwhile, the main Van Nuys plant was also involved in research into new systems, including a nuclear-powered ramjet for Project Pluto and a liquid air cycle engine (LACE) for the Air Force's Aerospaceplane efforts.
Another new product line started with the introduction of their first ram-air turbine, small air-powered generators for providing aircraft with electric power if the main engine failed.
The market for ramjet engines had largely disappeared by this point due to increased performance from turbojet engines, but Marquardt continued low-level development on advanced designs.
The idea was to combine the booster and ramjet into a single airframe, thereby reducing cost, size, and range safety requirements, as nothing would be jettisoned in flight.
In August 1991 one of the main Marquardt businesses, making parts for Rockeye cluster bombs and other weapons, was sold to a group of investors who formed a new company called Marquardt Manufacturing Inc.
Kaiser reportedly picked up the Marquardt Jet Laboratory for a mere $1 million, with about $50 million in outstanding Space Shuttle contracts.
Kaiser sold the bipropellant rocket engine product line to Primex Technologies in 2000 (now Aerojet Rocketdyne) and closed the Van Nuys plant in 2001.
Brewster Hopkinson Shaw Jr. (born May 16, 1945) is a former NASA astronaut, a retired U.S. Air Force Colonel and former executive at Boeing.
Shaw worked as a manager at NASA until 1996 when he left the agency, retired from the Air Force and went to work in the private sector as an aerospace executive.
Shaw entered the Air Force in 1969 after completing Officer Training School and attended undergraduate pilot training at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama.
He received his pilot wings in 1970 and was then assigned to the F-100 Replacement Training Unit at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona.
Shaw was selected by NASA to be an astronaut in January 1978 where he served on loan from the Air Force.
His fellow crew included Commander John W. Young, mission specialists Owen Garriott and Robert Parker, and payload specialists, Byron Lichtenberg and Ulf Merbold.
This was the largest crew to fly aboard a single spacecraft, the first international Shuttle crew and the first to carry payload specialists.
The crew conducted more than seventy multi-disciplinary scientific and technical investigations in the fields of life sciences, atmospheric physics and earth observations, astronomy and solar physics, space plasma physics, and materials processing.
The crew included spacecraft commander Brewster Shaw; pilot, Bryan O'Connor; mission specialists, Mary Cleave, Jerry Ross, and Woody Spring; as well as payload specialists Rodolfo Neri Vela (Mexico), and Charles Walker (McDonnell Douglas).
During the mission the crew deployed the communications satellites, conducted two six-hour spacewalks to demonstrate space station construction techniques with the EASE/ACCESS experiments, operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis (CRFES) experiment for McDonnell Douglas and a Getaway Special (GAS) container for Telesat, Canada, conducted several Mexican Payload Specialists Experiments for the Mexican Government and tested the Orbiter Experiments Digital Autopilot (OEX DAP).
After completing 108 orbits of the Earth in 165 hours, Shaw landed Atlantis on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
After 80 orbits of the earth, this five-day mission concluded with a dry lake bed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Shaw left the Johnson Space Center in October 1989 to assume the NASA Headquarters senior executive position of Deputy Director, Space Shuttle Operations, located at the Kennedy Space Center.
As operations manager, Shaw was responsible for all operational aspects of the Space Shuttle Program and had Level II authority over the Space Shuttle elements from the time the Orbiters left the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF), were mated to the external tank and solid rocket boosters, transported to the launch pad, launched and recovered and returned to the Orbiter Processing Facility.
Shaw moved on to serve as the Deputy Program Manager, Space Shuttle, as a NASA Headquarters employee located at the Kennedy Space Center.
In addition to the duties he previously held, he also shared with the Space Shuttle Program Manager, full authority and responsibility for the conduct of the Space Shuttle Program.
He then served as Director, Space Shuttle Operations, with responsibility for the development of all Space Shuttle elements, including the Orbiter, external tank, solid rocket boosters, Space Shuttle main engines, the facilities required to support mission operations and in the planning necessary to efficiently conduct Space Shuttle operations.
Then he became Vice President and Program Manager of International Space Station (ISS) Electrical Power Systems at Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power.
The contract included the development, test, evaluation and production of the electrical power system to be assembled in space during multiple space shuttle launches.
Shaw's next role was to lead the consolidated Boeing teams at Huntsville, Alabama, Canoga Park and Huntington Beach, California, in the design, development, test, evaluation, production and flight preparation of ISS hardware and software.
In that position he had primary responsibility for the day-to-day operations and overall management of USA, the prime contractor for the Space Shuttle Program, and its 10,000 employees in Florida, Texas, Alabama and Russia.
In January 2006 he returned to the Boeing Company's Houston campus, and was then acting as the Vice President & General Manager of the Space Exploration division which controls Boeing's International Space Station and Space Shuttle programs.
He received the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross with 7 Oak Leaf Cluster and the Defense Meritorious Service Medal.
Owen Kay Garriott (November 22, 1930 – April 15, 2019) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut, who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission, and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983.
After serving in the United States Navy, Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA.
After his NASA career, he worked for various aerospace companies, consulted on NASA-related committees, taught as an adjunct professor, and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments.
He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.
He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate, and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers, chapters and one book, principally in areas of the physical sciences.
As a prerequisite of the era's scientist-astronaut training, he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966, receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft.
His first spaceflight, the Skylab 3 mission in 1973, set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days, more than double the previous record.
Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun, of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness.
Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted, primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas.
He operated the world's first amateur radio station from space, W5LFL, which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights, Space Station Mir and the International Space Station, with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating.
In this position he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design.
Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree, having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960, two years before Robert A. Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962.
After leaving NASA in June 1986, Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees.
This division, which grew to over 1,000 people, provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S. laboratory for the International Space Station.
Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown, including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992.
Later, he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents.
Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the central Atlantic Ocean.
Garriott formed a 501(c)(3) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself, his wife and other members of his family.
His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12, 2008, the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space.
Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later.
Garriott was a member of the following organizations: American Astronautical Society (fellow), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (associate fellow), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, American Geophysical Union, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Association of Space Explorers (Board of Directors), Astronaut Scholarship Foundation (vice president and vice chairman).
Garriott received the following honors: National Science Foundation Fellowship, 1960–1961; Honorary Doctorate of Science, Phillips University (Enid, Okla.), 1973; NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1973; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975; and the NASA Space Flight Medal, 1983.
He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980, the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997, the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000, and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001.
Emerald is a suburb in the Greater Melbourne area of Victoria, Australia, 44 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shires of Cardinia and Yarra Ranges local government areas.
The lake offers barbecue facilities, children's playgrounds, a pool, paddle boats, walking tracks, fishing, Environment Centre, model railway, café and a railway station for the Puffing Billy Railway.
The Puffing Billy Railway is a heritage steam operated railway opened in 1900, which runs between Belgrave and Gembrook, now recreating the heyday in the 1920s of this narrow-gauge line.
The areas around Emerald are excellent for finding chanterelles and other edible mushrooms, and are a popular destination for mushroom hunters each autumn.
FunFest is a day-long family street party event which kicks off the PAVE Festival which runs annually for 7–10 days in April.
On FunFest day there are road closures on the northern part of Kilvington Drive, all of Puffing Billy Place and the western part of Heroes Avenue, to prevent motor vehicle traffic entering, allowing many stalls to be established and enjoyed by the thousands of local residents and visitors that attend the event.
The Great Train Race (GTR) is an annual fun run from Belgrave to Emerald Lake in which participants attempt to beat Puffing Billy to the finish line and is organised by volunteers of the Puffing Billy Preservation Society.
The route from Belgrave to Emerald Lake which participants run is 13.2 km long, and in 2006 had 2,403 participants in the 25th Great Train Race.
Participants of the GTR may win prizes; The first Male and Female runners of the 2007 GTR held on 6 May received a return flight to Antarctica as well as a unique Great Train Race trophy.
The PAVE Festival is the largest festival in the Dandenong Ranges and Cardinia Shire, running over 7–10 days and incorporating all forms of the Arts.
The 2011 festival featured Joe Camilleri and the Black Sorrows, The Ska Vendors and Kerri Simpson, Lloyd Speigel, Lily and King.
Despite being predominately located in the suburb of Emerald, the entrance to the park is approximately 10 minutes drive out of Emerald in Narre Warren East.
Emerald has a Kindergarten and a Pre School, Emerald Primary School (with roughly 400 students) which serves the local area and a secondary school, Emerald Secondary College which serves the Southern Dandenong Ranges region.
The Emerald Fire Brigade is located on Emerald-Monbulk Road near the roundabout of Belgrave-Gembrook Road, and attends approximately 190 Emergency Incidents per year.
It attends several hundred storm and wind damage incidents every year and also attends 20–30 road accidents a year for rescue purposes using such tools as the jaws of life.
Emerald's population as of the 2006 Census was 6,135 (a decrease of 9 from the 2001 census), (3,050 male, 3,085 female), 4,662 people were aged 15 years and over (2,280 male, 2,382 female) and 460 were aged 65 years and over (200 male, 260 female).
The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Yarra Valley Mountain District Football League and a basketball team competing in the Knox Amateur Basketball Association.
Emerald has many retailers consisting of small specialty shops such as Emerald Custom Framing, Tinkars Corner and Resale Therapy as well as a Ritchies IGA supermarket and Woolworths supermarket and local take-aways such as The Chookery, Bill's fish and chips and Effie's fish and chips.
Solo One was a TV series screened in 1976 set in Emerald, about a local (fictional) policeman dealing with crime in Emerald.
Filming of A Country Practice in the fictional town of Wandin Valley was moved to Emerald when the show moved to Network Ten for one series in 1994.
Current AFL players, Kade Simpson, who plays for the Carlton Football Club and Matthew Lobbe, who plays for the Port Adelaide Football Club, grew up in Emerald.
Alfred Gregory, the mountaineer, explorer and professional photographer, who was a member of the successful British team that made the first ascent of Mount Everest in 1953, lived his last 15 years in Emerald, dying on 9 February 2010.
Robert Allan Ridley Parker (born December 14, 1936) is an American physicist and astronomer, former Director of the NASA Management Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and a retired NASA astronaut.
in astronomy and physics from Amherst College in 1958 and a Ph.D. in astronomy from the California Institute of Technology in 1962.
He was a member of the Astronaut Support Crews for the Apollo 15 and 17 missions, and was the person to whom the final words spoken by a man standing on the surface of the moon (Gene Cernan) were addressed.
From March 1988 to March 1989, Parker was stationed at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. where he served as Director of the Space Flight/Space Station Integration Office.
A veteran of two Spacelab missions, Parker was a Mission Specialist on STS-9/Spacelab-1 (28 November–8 December 1983) and on STS-35 (2–10 December 1990); which featured the ASTRO-1 ultraviolet astronomy laboratory.
Parker was director of the Division of Policy and Plans for the Office of Space Flight at NASA Headquarters from January 1991 to December 1991.
The technical institute has five campuses located in the Metro Vancouver region, with its main campus in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
There is also the Aerospace Technology Campus in Richmond, the Marine Campus in the City of North Vancouver, Downtown campus in Vancouver, and Annacis Island Campus in Delta.
The school operates as a vocational and technical school, offering apprenticeships for the skilled trades and diplomas and degrees in vocational education for skilled technicians and workers in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, broadcast/media communications, digital arts, nursing, medicine, architecture, and law.
It was the first permanent trades school of its kind in British Columbia; its programs included carpentry, welding and aircraft maintenance.
BCIT's first Board of Governors was formed in 1974, and in 1977, the school established a campus on Sea Island in Richmond.
Legislative changes came in 1989 when BCIT's mandate was broadened to include applied research, and the Technology Centre, a facility for multi-disciplinary research and development, was established.
In 2004, the number of students grew to more than 48,000, and the polytechnic status of the institution was enshrined in provincial legislation.
It operates an aerospace technology campus in the City of Richmond, a marine campus is located in the City of North Vancouver, and a heavy-duty trades campus on Annacis Island, in City of Delta.
It offers aircraft maintenance engineering programs in avionics, maintenance, structures, aircraft gas turbine (jet engine) overhaul training and repair and aircraft mechanical component training programs.
BCIT also offers commercial pilot training, as well as airport operations training program for those pursuing a career in airport management.
The RBC Foundation Aviation Library at the Aerospace Technology Campus holds one of the largest collections of aviation resources in Western Canada, and has become a centre of learning and study for aviation students, staff and the broader aerospace industry in the region.
The institute offers a variety of training in the marine field including cadet programs such as the four-year diploma in Nautical Sciences and the Marine Engineer training program.
The predominant areas of study at the downtown campus are business and media, computing and information, and international student entry programs.
The Great Northern Way Campus (GNWC) Heavy Equipment programs have been moved to Annacis Island, and BCIT's interests in the shared campus have been sold to allow a new Emily Carr University to be built on the site.
Located on Annacis Island in the City of Delta, this 142,000-square-foot facility is home to motive power programs offered by BCIT and Vancouver Community College.
Programs at Annacis Island Campus train heavy-duty mechanics, transport trailer mechanics, diesel mechanics, commercial transportation mechanics, railway conductors and forklift operators.
In 2011, the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board granted national accreditation to BCIT's Bachelor of Electrical Engineering program, and the school's Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering program was accredited in 2014.
The British Columbia Institute of Technology Student Association (BCITSA) is a student-led society that exists to serve the school's student body.
Some notable attendees include Canadian MP Chuck Cadman, Georgian Cabinet member Vera Kobalia, Gemini Award-winning journalist Gloria Macarenko, Internet entrepreneur , Esports professional Harish Anantharajah, field hockey player Rob Short, and actress Teejay Sidhu.
The Armistice Day Blizzard (or the Armistice Day Storm) took place in the Midwest region of the United States on November 11 (Armistice Day) and November 12, 1940.
On November 7, 1940 the low pressure system that later developed into the storm was affecting the Pacific Northwest and produced the winds that destroyed the Tacoma Narrows Bridge.
Severe weather was reported across much of the Midwest with heavy rain and snow, a tornado, and gale-force winds were all reported.
An intense low pressure system had tracked from the southern plains northeastward into western Wisconsin, pulling Gulf of Mexico moisture up from the South and pulling down a cold arctic air mass from the North.
Snowfalls of up to , winds of , snow drifts, and temperature drops were common over parts of the states of Nebraska, South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.
Survivors describe the cold as so severe that it was difficult to breathe, with the air so moisture laden it was thick like syrup and that the cold seared the survivors lungs like a red-hot blade.
Many individuals claim that animals were aware of the upcoming weather shifts which led to animals moving rapidly from the area.
Duck hunters who were out at the time were amazed at the amount of ducks that were in the area and on the move through the skies, one survivor recounting there were thousands.
After the failure to provide an accurate forecast for this blizzard, forecasting responsibilities were expanded to include 24-hour coverage and more forecasting offices were created, yielding more accurate local forecasts.
Weather Bureau was criticized that it failed to predict the huge blizzard, and Officials released a statement that they were aware that the storm was coming but wrong about its strength and scope.
General Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, (24 May 1775 – 23 February 1850) was a British military officer and colonial administrator.
Aylmer was gazetted ensign in 1787, lieutenant in 1791 and major in 1800, after being held in a French prison for six months in 1798.
His career continued as colonel in 1810, being aide-de-camp to King George III between 1810 and 1812 and then major general in 1813.
In 1814, following service in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, he was appointed adjutant general of British forces in Ireland, where he remained until 1823.
After reaching the position of lieutenant-general in 1825, Aylmer was, in 1830, appointed commander of British military forces in North America as well as Governor General of British North America and Lieutenant Governor of Lower Canada.
Returning to England, Aylmer was promoted to the rank of general in 1845 but he never obtained a British peerage (his dignity was in the Irish peerage), nor another administrative post.
When her husband was appointed in 1830 to administer the government of Canada, as Governor-General, from February 1831 to August 1835, the couple entertained at the Castle of St. Louis, Quebec.
D. (born February 19, 1948) is an American engineer and fighter pilot who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a Payload Specialist.
From 1978 to 1984 he was a researcher for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)/Canadian Vestibular experiments on Spacelab 1, Spacelab D-1, Spacelab SLS-1 and SLS-2, and a co-principal investigator for the Mental Workload and Performance experiment flown on IML-1 to assess human-computer workstation characteristics for the Space Station.
He was a founder of Payload Systems, Inc., a company that has provided hardware and flight support for MODE and MACE experiments for the Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS).
They also were the first commercial user of the Mir Space Station, flying protein crystal growth experiments to Mir in the early 1990s.
He is now the Chief Technical Officer of Zero Gravity Corporation, founded to make parabolic, weightless aircraft flights available to the general public.
He was a U.S. Air Force fighter pilot for 23 years, flying the F-4, F-100, and A-10, reaching the rank of Lieutenant colonel in the Massachusetts Air National Guard.
Lichtenberg flew 138 combat missions during the Vietnam War, and received two Distinguished Flying Crosses, ten Air Medals, and numerous other decorations.
He flew on Spacelab-1 (STS-9) mission for ten days in 1983, conducted multiple experiments in life sciences, materials sciences, Earth observations, astronomy and solar physics, upper atmosphere and plasma physics.
His second flight was ATLAS-1 (STS-45) Spacelab mission for nine days in 1992; conducted 13 experiments in Atmospheric sciences and astronomy.
This diagram lists the rulers of the kingdom of Jerusalem, since the conquest of the city in 1099, during the First Crusade, to 1291, year of the fall of Acre.
Burlington College was a private, nonprofit liberal arts college located in Burlington, Vermont, that offered associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, as well as several professional certificates.
Although regionally accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, the college was placed on probation in July 2014 for failing to meet the accreditor's standards regarding financial resources.
In 2010, Jane O’Meara Sanders oversaw the purchase of 33 acres of property to be used for college expansion, with the resulting significant debt to be covered by already pledged donations and tuition from planned increased enrollment over five years.
In 2014, the regional accreditor of the college placed it on probation because of its financial condition, and votes of no confidence were given to Plunkett from organizations representing students, faculty, and staff.
Local Burlington developer Eric Farrell will be purchasing the campus from the bank and plans to develop a park and housing.
In 2010, Burlington College announced its intention to purchase the property of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington for use as its main campus.
The college sold its former campus to the Committee for Temporary Shelter, a welfare agency, and purchased of waterfront diocese property in early 2011.
In 2015, the college arranged to sell a local developer a parcel of land, as well as the former diocesan orphanage attached to the office and classroom building.
The college retained the original diocese building for classrooms, studios, art rooms, film and radio, laboratories, etc., and the surrounding property.
At the press conference announcing the closure, the school stated that the developer would purchase the college's North Avenue campus from the bank.
Burlington College offered a span of undergraduate programs in the arts, writing and literature, film studies, photography, fine arts, legal studies, transpersonal psychology/psychology, human services, media activism, and graphic design, and an individualized undergraduate and graduate degree program.
The college offered students study-abroad options within Europe, and in 2008, Burlington College became one of the very few universities in the United States to offer a study-abroad program in Havana, Cuba in conjunction with the University of Havana.
Students had the ability to spend a semester at the university or take one of several one-week trips offered throughout the academic year.
Burlington College joined several other universities in the United States by offering students the option of a narrative evaluation in addition to traditional transcripts.
In connection with the undergraduate legal studies program, Burlington College held an articulation agreement with Vermont Law School which allowed Burlington College graduates to proceed into the juris doctor and joint juris doctor programs at Vermont Law School upon successful completion of their undergraduate studies.
The courses in woodworking and fine craftsmanship were offered for credit to support both associate of arts and bachelor of fine arts degree programs.
The Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights), more commonly CEDA, was a Spanish political party in the Second Spanish Republic.
A Catholic conservative force, it was the political heir to Ángel Herrera Oria's Acción Popular and defined itself in terms of the 'affirmation and defence of the principles of Christian civilization,' translating this theoretical stand into a practical demand for the revision of the republican constitution.
With the advent of the rise of the Nazi Party to power in Germany, the CEDA aligned itself with similar propaganda ploys to the Nazis, including the Nazi emphasis on authority, the fatherland, and hierarchy.
Gil-Robles attended an audience at the Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg and was influenced by it, henceforth becoming committed to creating a single anti-Marxist counterrevolutionary front in Spain.
The CEDA failed to make the substantive electoral gains from 1933 to 1936 that were needed for it to form government which resulted in right-wing support draining from it and turning towards the belligerent Alfonsist monarchist leader José Calvo Sotelo.
Subsequently, the CEDA abandoned its moderation and legalism and began providing support for those committed to violence against the republic, including handing over its electoral funds to the initial leader of the military coup against the republic, General Emilio Mola.
Despite dismissing the idea of a party as a 'rigid fiction', the CEDA leaders created a stable party organisation which would lead the Spanish right into the age of mass politics.
The CEDA was constructed around organisational units known as Derechas Autónomas, the first of which had been established in Salamanca in December 1932.
The party produced ten million leaflets, together with some two hundred thousand coloured posters and hundreds of cars were used to distribute this material through the provinces.
The need for unity was the constant theme of the campaign fought by the CEDA and the election was presented as a confrontation of ideas, not of personalities.
Catholics who continued to proclaim their republicanism were moved into the revolutionary camp and many speeches argued that the Catholic republican option had become totally illegitimate.
In this all-round attack on the political centre, the mobilization of women also became a major electoral tactic of the Catholic right.
It was one example of the polarisation of political opinions which had occurred in the province of Salamanca, Robles's province, since the early days of the Republic.
This new CEDA squad was also very much in evidence on election day itself, when its members patrolled the streets and polling stations in the provincial capital, supposedly to prevent the left from tampering with the ballot boxes.
In the 1933 elections, the CEDA won the most seats in the Cortes in no small part because the massive CNT membership abstained, holding true to their anarchist principles.
The CEDA had won a plurality of seats; however, these were not enough to form a majority, but then President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora declined to invite the leader of the CEDA, Gil Robles, to form a government and instead invited the Radical Republican Party's Alejandro Lerroux to do so.
They suspended most of the reforms of the previous Manuel Azaña government, provoking an armed miners' rebellion in Asturias on October 6, and an independentist rebellion in Catalonia—both rebellions were suppressed (the Asturias rebellion by young General Francisco Franco), being followed by mass political arrests and trials.
Robles used anti-strike law to pick union leaders off one by one, and attempted to undermine the republican government of the Republican Left of Catalonia, who attempted to continue the republic's previous reforms.
The fascist tendencies of the JAP were vividly demonstrated in the series of rallies held by the CEDA youth movement during the course of 1934.
On 26 September, the CEDA announced it would no longer support the RRP's minority government; it was replaced by a RRP cabinet, led by Lerroux once more, that included three members of the CEDA.
Between November 1934 and March 1935, the CEDA minister for agriculture, Manuel Gimenez Fernandez, introduced into parliament a series of agrarian reform measures designed to better conditions in the Spanish countryside.
These moderate proposals met with a hostile response from reactionary elements within the Cortes, including the conservative wing of the CEDA and the proposed reform was defeated.
The agrarian reform bill proved to be a catalyst for a series of increasingly bitter divisions within the Catholic right, rifts that indicated that the broad based CEDA alliance was disintegrating.
Partly as a result of the impetus of the JAP, the Catholic party had been moving further to the right, forcing the resignation of moderate government figures, including Filiberto Villalobos.
The elections of February 16, 1936 were narrowly won by the Popular front, with vastly smaller resources than the political right, who followed Nazi propaganda techniques.
The Falange expanded massively, and thousands of the JAP joined the organisation (though the majority of the JAP seem to have abandoned politics).
This rapid radicalization of the CEDA youth movement effectively meant that all attempts to save parliamentary Catholicism were doomed to failure.
Many of the party's supporters welcomed the military rebellion in the summer of 1936 which led to the Spanish Civil War.
In April 1937, the rebel leader Francisco Franco issued the Unification Decree which laid out the creation of the FET y de las JONS upon the merging of the Fascist FE de las JONS and the traditionalist carlists, outlawing the rest of political parties in the rebel-controlled territory.
Many party cadres, including Franco's co-brother-in-law Ramon Serrano Suñer (who ended up becoming chief of the political junta of the FET y de las JONS) joined the new organization.
The Mandinka or Malinke are a West African ethnic group primarily found in southern Mali, eastern Guinea and northern Ivory Coast.
Numbering about 11 million, they are the largest subgroup of the Mandé peoples and one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa.
The Mandinka are the descendants of the Mali Empire, which rose to power in the 13th century under the rule of king Sundiata Keita who founded an empire which would go on to span the large part of West Africa.
Between the 16th and 19th centuries, many Muslim and non-Muslim Mandinka people, along with numerous other African ethnic groups, were captured, enslaved and shipped to the Americas.
The Mandinka people significantly influenced the African heritage of descended peoples now found in Brazil, the Southern United States and, to a lesser extent, the Caribbean.
The Mandés were initially a part of many fragmented kingdoms that formed after the collapse of Ghana empire in the 11th century.
During the rule of Sundiata Keita, these kingdoms were consolidated, and the Mandinka expanded west from the Niger River basin under Sundiata's general Tiramakhan Traore.
Another group of Mandinka people, under Faran Kamara – the son of the king of Tabou – expanded southeast of Mali, while a third group expanded with Fakoli Kourouma.
With the migration, many gold artisans and metal working Mandinka smiths settled along the coast and in the hilly Fouta Djallon and plateau areas of West Africa.
Their presence and products attracted Mandika merchants and brought trading caravans from north Africa and the eastern Sahel, states Toby Green – a professor of African History and Culture.
The Muslim traders sought presence in the host Mandinka community, and this likely initiated proselytizing efforts to convert the Mandinka from their traditional religious beliefs into Islam.
In Ghana, for example, the Almoravids had divided its capital into two parts by 1077, one part was Muslim and the other non-Muslim.
Shihab al-Umari, the Arabic historian, described his visit and stated that Musa built mosques in his kingdom, established Islamic prayers and took back Maliki school of Sunni jurists with him.
According to Richard Turner – a professor of African American Religious History, Musa was highly influential in attracting North African and Middle Eastern Muslims to West Africa.
The Mandinka people of Mali converted early, but those who migrated to the west did not convert and retained their traditional religious rites.
One of the legends among the Mandingo of western Africa is that the general Tiramakhan Traore led the migration, because people in Mali had converted to Islam and he did not want to.
The Traore's marriage with a Muhammad's granddaughter, states Toby Green, is fanciful, but these conflicting oral histories suggest that Islam had arrived well before the 13th century and had a complex interaction with the Mandinka people.
In contemporary West Africa, the Mandinka are predominantly Muslim, with a few regions where significant portions of the population are not Muslim, such as Guinea Bissau, where 35 percent of the Mandinka practice Islam, more than 20 percent are Christian, and 15 percent follow traditional beliefs.
Slave raiding, capture and trading in the Mandinka regions may have existed in significant numbers before the European colonial era, as is evidenced in the memoirs of the 14th century Moroccan traveller and Islamic historian Ibn Battuta.
There were fourteen Mandinke kingdoms along the Gambia River in the Senegambia region during the early 19th century, for example, where slaves were a part of the social strata in all these kingdoms.
According to Toby Green, selling slaves along with gold was already a significant part of the trans-Saharan caravan trade across the Sahel between West Africa and the Middle East after the 13th century.
With the arrival of Portuguese explorers in Africa as they looked for a sea route to India, the European purchase of slaves had begun.
The shipment of slaves by the Portuguese, primarily from the Jolof people, along with some Mandinka, started in the 15th century, states Green, but the earliest evidence of a trade involving Mandinka slaves is from and after 1497 CE.
In parallel with the start of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the institution of slavery and slave-trading of West Africans into the Mediterranean region and inside Africa continued as a historic normal practice.
Their slave exports from this region nearly doubled in the second half of the 18th century compared to the first, but most of these slaves disembarked in Brazil.
According to Boubacar Barry, a professor of History and African Studies, chronic violence between ethnic groups such as Mandinka people and their neighbours, combined with weapons sold by slave traders and lucrative income from slave ships to the slave sellers, fed the practice of captives, raiding, manhunts, and slaves.
As the demand grew, states Barry, Futa Jallon led by an Islamic military theocracy became one of the centers of this slavery-perpetuating violence, while Farim of Kaabu – or the commander of Mandinka people in Kaabu – energetically hunted slaves on a large scale.
Kaabu was, states Martin Klein – a professor of African Studies, one of early suppliers of African slaves to European merchants.
The historian Walter Rodney states that Mandinka and other ethnic groups already had slaves who inherited slavery by birth, and who could be sold.
The insecure ethnic groups, states Rodney, stopped working productively and became withdrawn, which made social and economic conditions desperate, and they also joined the retaliatory cycle of slave raids and violence.
Walter Hawthorne – a professor of African History, states that the Barry and Rodney explanation was not universally true for all of Senegambia and Guinea where high concentrations of Mandinka people have traditionally lived.
Hawthorne states that large numbers of Mandinka people started arriving as slaves in Portuguese, French and British colonies in the Caribbean and South America, only between mid 18th through to the 19th century.
During these years, slave trade records show that nearly 33% of the slaves from Senegambia and Guinea-Bissau coasts were Mandinka people.
Hawthorne suggests three causes of Mandinka people appearing as slaves during this era: small scale jihads by Muslims against non-Muslim Mandinka, non-religious reasons such as economic greed of Islamic elites who wanted imports from the coast, and attacks by the Fula people on Mandinka's Kaabu with consequent cycle of violence.
Mandinka are rural subsistence farmers in the Sahel who rely on peanuts, rice, millet, maize, and small-scale husbandry for their livelihood.
Only about 50% of the rice consumption needs are met by local planting; the rest is imported from Asia and the United States.
Small mud houses with conical thatch or tin roofs make up their villages, which are organised on the basis of the clan groups.
While farming is the predominant profession among the Mandinka, men also work as tailors, butchers, taxi drivers, woodworkers, metalworkers, soldiers, nurses, and extension workers for aid agencies.
However, most women, probably 95%, tend to the home, children, and animals as well as work alongside the men in the fields.
Marabouts, who have Islamic training, write Qur'anic verses on slips of paper and sew them into leather pouches (talisman); these are worn as protective amulets.
According to Robert Wyndham Nicholls, Mandinka in Senegambia started converting to Islam as early as the 17th century, and most of Mandinka leatherworkers there converted to Islam before the 19th century.
Mandinka villages are fairly autonomous and self-ruled, being led by a council of upper class elders and a chief who functions as a first among equals.
The freeborn castes are primarily farmers, while the slave strata included labor providers to the farmers, as well as leather workers, pottery makers, metal smiths, griots, and others.
Their caste system is similar to those of other ethnic groups of the African Sahel region, and found across the Mandinka communities such as those in Gambia, Mali, Guinea and other countries.
At an age between four and fourteen, the youngsters have their genitalia ritually cut (see articles on male and female genital cutting), in separate groups according to their sex.
In years past, the children spent up to a year in the bush, but that has been reduced now to coincide with their physical healing time, between three and four weeks.
As a result of these traditional teachings, in marriage a woman's loyalty remains to her parents and her family; a man's to his.
The women among the Mandinka people, like other ethnic groups near them, have traditionally practiced female circumcision, often referred to by outsiders as female genital mutilation (FGM).
According to UNICEF, the female circumcision prevalence rates among the Mandinkas of the Gambia is the highest at over 96%, followed by FGM among the women of the Jola people's at 91% and Fula people at 88%.
Among the Mandinka women of some other countries of West Africa, the FGM prevalence rates are lower, but range between 40% to 90%.
Some surveys, such as those by the Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices (GAMCOTRAP), estimate FGM is prevalent among 100% of the Mandinkas in Gambia.
In 2010, after community efforts of UNICEF and the local government bodies, several Mandinka women's organization pledged to abandon the female genital mutilation practices.
Kola nuts, a bitter nut from a tree, are formally sent by the suitor's family to the male elders of the bride-to-be, and if accepted, the courtship begins.
A Mandinka man is legally allowed to have up to four wives, as long as he is able to care for each of them equally.
However, more than half the adult population can read the local Arabic script (including Mandinka Ajami); small Qur'anic schools for children where this is taught are quite common.
Mandinka children are given their name on the eighth day after their birth, and their children are almost always named after a very important person in their family.
The kora is a twenty-one-stringed guitar-like instrument made out of a halved, dried, hollowed-out gourd covered with cow or goat skin.
The kora with its 21 strings is made from half a calabash, covered with cow's hide fastened on by decorative tacks.
The kora has sound holes in the side which are used to store coins offered to the praise singers, in appreciation of their performance.
During World War I, the cruiser captured two German merchant ships, and was involved in the East African Campaign, including the blockade of the cruiser and a bombardment of Dar-es-Salaam.
These ships had a displacement of 2,200 tons, were long overall and long between perpendiculars, had a beam of , and a draught of .
The cruiser was armed with eight single QF guns, eight single QF 3-pounder guns, two field guns, three Maxim machine guns, and two torpedo tubes sited above the waterline.
Commander George Hope was appointed in command on 5 July 1902, taking up the command later that month after a visit by the ship to Brindisi.
In late December, the cruiser was assigned to the blockade of German East Africa, and sailed for Zanzibar on 9 January 1915.
She was handed to Cockatoo Island Dockyard for stripping in May 1923, was passed to the control of the Commonwealth Shipping Board in 1924, who then sold the hulk to H. P. Stacey of Sydney, in 1926.
The wreck lies with the bow towards the south-east, and is intact in places, with structures rising up to from the sea floor.
The organization was established in 1957 by the National Science Foundation and the American Institute of Biological Sciences as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE), being renamed the Council of Science Editors, with a broader mission, on January 1, 2000.
As well as providing services and advice online, CSE holds an annual meeting that includes short courses on topics such as journal editorship, publication management, manuscript editing, and journal metrics.
Robert Lee Stewart (born August 13, 1942) is a retired brigadier general of the United States Army and a former NASA astronaut.
He also received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from the University of Southern Mississippi in 1964, and a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1972.
Stewart entered on active duty with the United States Army in May 1964 and was assigned as an air defense artillery director at the 32nd NORAD Region Headquarters (SAGE), Gunter Air Force Base, Alabama.
In July 1966, after completing rotary wing training at Fort Wolters, Texas, and Fort Rucker, Alabama, he was designated an Army Aviator.
He was an instructor pilot at the U.S. Army Primary Helicopter School — serving one year in the pre-solo/primary-1 phase of instruction and about 6 months as commander of methods of instruction flight III, training rated aviators to become instructor pilots.
He is a graduate of the U.S. Army's Air Defense Artillery School's Air Defense Officers Advanced Course and Guided Missile Systems Officers Course.
Stewart served in Seoul, Korea, from 1972 to 1973, with the 309th Aviation Battalion (Combat) as a battalion operations officer and battalion executive officer.
Naval Test Pilot School at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, completing the Rotary Wing Test Pilot Course in 1974, and was then assigned as an experimental test pilot to the U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
He has military and civilian experience in 38 types of airplanes and helicopters and logged approximately 6,000 hours total flight time.
His technical duties in the Astronaut Office included: testing and evaluation of the entry flight control systems for STS-1 (the first Space Shuttle orbital mission), ascent abort procedures development, and payload coordination.
He served as a mission specialist on STS-41-B in 1984 and STS-51-J in 1985, and logged a total of 289 hours in space, including approximately 12 hours of EVA operations.
Although astronauts who had served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II (including Gus Grissom and Deke Slayton) had previously flown, Stewart was the first active-duty Army officer to make a spaceflight.
Upon accepting this promotion, Stewart was reassigned from NASA to be the Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command, in Huntsville, Alabama.
During the mission, Stewart and fellow astronaut Bruce McCandless participated in two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to conduct first flight evaluations of the Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs).
He has been a member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Association of Space Explorers, Phi Eta Sigma, and the Scabbard and Blade (a military honor society).
A phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol.
Phosphatase enzymes are not to be confused with phosphorylase enzymes, which catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from hydrogen phosphate to an acceptor.
Water is split in the reaction, with the -OH group attaching to the phosphate ion, and the H+ protonating the hydroxyl group of the other product.
The net result of the reaction is the destruction of a phosphomonoester and the creation of both a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group.
A phosphatase recognizes and interacts with various motifs (elements of secondary structure) on its substrate; these motifs bind with low affinity to docking sites on the phosphatase, which are not contained within its active site.
To some extent, this disparity results from incomplete knowledge of the human phosphatome, that is, the complete set of phosphatases expressed in a cell, tissue, or organism.
However, among well-studied phosphatase/kinase pairs, phosphatases exhibit greater variety than their kinase counterparts in both form and function; this may result from the lesser degree of conservation among phosphatases.
Whereas protein kinases act as signaling molecules by phosphorylating proteins, phosphatases remove the phosphate group, which is essential if the system of intracellular signaling is to be able to reset for future use.
Phosphorylation (and dephosphorylation) is among the most common modes of posttranslational modification in proteins, and it is estimated that, at any given time, up to 30% of all proteins are phosphorylated.
PP2B, also called calcineurin, is involved in the proliferation of T cells; because of this, it is the target of some drugs that seek to suppress the immune system.
Some nucleotidases function outside the cell, creating nucleosides that can be transported into the cell and used to regenerate nucleotides via salvage pathways.
A cell deprived of oxygen and nutrients may catabolize more nucleotides to boost levels of nucleoside triphosphates such as ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.
Gluconeogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway wherein glucose is created from noncarbohydrate precursors; the pathway is essential because many tissues can only derive energy from glucose.
In in-vitro experiments, phosphatase enzymes seem to recognize many different substrates, and one substrate may be recognized by many different phosphatases.
During 1944, the ship continued to operate as a convoy escort, and undertook minesweeping duties until she was attached to the British Pacific Fleet.
In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.
An assortment of machine guns were carried for close-in defence, and depth charge throwers and rails were fitted for anti-submarine warfare.
The bomb penetrated the armoured bridge canopy, deflected off the helmsman's station, killed the gunnery officer, then struck the foredeck plating and detonating, where it killed six of the seven men on the main gun.
Had it not struck the bridge first, the bomb would likely had penetrated the magazine before detonating and destroying the entire ship.
Further temporary repairs were made, and on 14 April, the corvette sailed for Townsville in company with the sloop , before continuing on alone to Maryborough, where she arrived on 19 April.
During Mills' time in command, he had been a strict disciplinarian, required sailors to wear dress uniforms when going ashore, and over-enforced the division between officers and sailors.
Mills also treated both sailors and subordinate officers with contempt: as the only member of the Permanent Navy (as opposed to the Reserve or 'Hostilities Only' recruits), he considered himself superior to all else aboard.
The entire ship's company quickly came to dislike him, and any respect for him was further undermined during the air attack at Oro Bay: sailors had witnessed Mills dive for cover when the Japanese planes attacked, forcing the Coxswain to take over and fight.
A small number of sailors were allowed home on leave, but Mills ordered the rest to remain aboard the corvette while the foredeck was stripped off and replaced, which made living conditions in the already poor messdecks much worse: those aboard were exposed to the noise of repair work, tropical heat, and ankle-deep water in the living areas.
The commander himself moved ashore to a hotel, but visited the ship daily to take local dignitaries on tours and spoke of the attack.
Mills' wife had travelled to Maryborough, and the ship's men were expected to salute her as if she was a naval officer.
A complaint about the living conditions was made to the Coxswain to pass on to Mills, but the commander was uncompassionate.
The mood of the ship's company continued to deteriorate, and on 8 June, a large number of sailors met in the foremost messdeck.
A complaint about the living conditions was made to the coxswain to pass on to Mills, but the commander was uncompassionate.
Older sailors and anyone above the rank of able seaman were not allowed to participate, so the corvette could deploy immediately if necessary, and there were no repercussions those who had families to support and might wish to continue their naval career after the war.
The next morning, when the order to assemble for morning duties was piped, 45 men failed to respond, and asked to discuss their grievances with Mills.
Each sailor was given a direct order, and when all had refused, they were deemed to be in a state of mutiny.
The Coxswain returned to collect a list of grievances, and was met by shouts from all sides, some of which had little or no connection to the sailors' original reasonings.
Another pipe, this time for all personnel to assemble aft, was made, and again, the 45 sailors stayed where they were.
Mills, who had received the list, informed those assembled how disappointed he was in the actions of the ship's company, then went ashore to meet with the Naval Officer in Charge (NOIC).
Although attending the midday meal, the 45 sailors did not report for afternoon duties, and it was not until 1720, with the NOIC aboard, that they obeyed an order to fall in with the rest of the ship's company on the aft quarterdeck.
On arrival at Cid Harbour early on 10 June, Mills was informed that a Board of Inquiry, consisting of senior officers from HMA Ships and would be convened at 1100.
As the Inquiry was unable to identify any ringleaders, the problem was handed back to Mills to deal with as he saw fit.
On 15 June, Mills summarily charged twelve men with joining a mutinous assembly (including one who had not participated), and two others with disobeying instructions to persuade the others to return to duty.
Ten were sent to Stuart's Creek Gaol for periods between 21 and 60 days, then assigned to other ships, while the other four were punished less severely and remained aboard.
The sailors claimed that the decision to disobey orders had come from a consensus of frustration, and later theorised that those punished had either witness the commander's actions during the air attack, or were the ones most likely to speak up for themselves against Mills.
The evidence collected by the Inquiry led the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board to conclude that Mills had failed to respond quickly and appropriately to the sailors' actions, and he was transferred to the training base in December.
During his final months in command, Mills attempted to reassert his authority through the use of increasingly frequent disciplinary punishments for minor breaches, such as failing to properly lash hammocks, or washing clothes in the wrong place.
Mills' replacement, Lieutenant Commander D. L. Thompson, noted a dramatic improvement in the attitude and discipline of the ship's company when he took command.
She remained in Tokyo Bay until mid-September and was present on Victory over Japan Day (2 September 1945), when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed.
Castleton has an enrollment of 2000 students and offers more than 30 undergraduate programs, as well as master's degrees in education and accounting.
Castleton University traces its history to the Rutland County Grammar School, chartered by the Vermont General Assembly on October 15, 1787.
The Grammar School was a regional school, preparing young men for college through instruction in traditional academic subjects such as Latin and Greek.
At various times it was known as Castleton Academy, Castleton Academy and Female Seminary, Vermont Classical High School, and Castleton Seminary.
The Seminary Building (eventually known as the Old Seminary Building) was the most impressive structure in the village, but expensive to maintain and often too large for the school's struggling enrollment.
She had attended the Seminary as a child, took classes at Middlebury College without being permitted to matriculate, and then attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which was not yet a college but offered a college-level curriculum for women.
The school began its transition to a college in 1867, when the State Normal School at Castleton was founded as one of three state normal schools chartered by Vermont.
In the 1920s and 1930s, under the direction of Caroline Woodruff, the College experienced dramatic growth in students and its stature.
She hired staff with advanced degrees, and broadened her students' exposure to the world by bringing people such as Helen Keller, Robert Frost, and Norman Rockwell to Castleton.
In 1962, the institution became Castleton State College when it joined other state-supported colleges in becoming a part of the Vermont State Colleges, a consortium of colleges governed by a common board of trustees, chancellor, and Council of Presidents, each college having its own president and deans.
On July 23, 2015, the Vermont State Colleges Board of Trustees voted unanimously to change the name of the institution to Castleton University.
In September 2016, the university opened Foley Hall, a two-floor residence, in collaboration with Green Mountain Power and Efficiency Vermont that provides housing for students.
The first poll was conducted from February 11 to February 22, 2012 and polled Vermont voters about the 2012 Presidential Primaries.
Since the first poll, the Polling Institute has conducted over 30 public opinion and public policy polls for state agencies, non-profits, and media organizations.
The Institute's founding director, Rich Clark, is a professor of political science and had been working in academia and polling for 15 years before coming to Castleton in 2011 from the University of Georgia.
The Castleton State Spartans compete in 20 NCAA Division III Varsity sports in the Little East Conference and the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC).
From 1983-1986, Stan Van Gundy (later head coach of the Orlando Magic and the Detroit Pistons) coached Men's Basketball at Castleton.
Castleton's men's soccer team were declared 1963 NAIA co-champions (along with Earlham College of Indiana) after the championship and consolation games at Frostburg State University, Maryland were cancelled due to snow.
Under provisions of the Canada Elections Act that took effect on May 14, 2004, parties were only required to nominate one candidate in order to qualify for official party status in the June 28, 2004 federal election.
This meant that Progressive Canadian Party candidates were listed on the ballot alongside the party's name, rather than being designated as independents.
The party will be deregistered by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada on November 30, 2019 for failing to comply with Canada Elections Act requirements set out in subsection 415(1).
In announcing the new party, Hueglin stated that the party had about a dozen potential candidates and a mailing list of 330 names.
Sinclair Stevens, who was a cabinet minister in the Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney before he was forced to resign on allegations of conflict of interest, for which he was subsequently cleared.
On November 17, 2005, the Federal Court of Appeal rejected Stevens' lawsuit to force Chief Electoral Officer Jean-Pierre Kingsley to rescind recognition of the merger of the Progressive Conservative Party with the Canadian Alliance.
Stevens appealed the ruling to the Supreme Court of Canada, but that court announced on April 27, 2006, that it would not hear the appeal by Sinclair Stevens.
In the 2015 election, the party ran eight candidates, none of whom were elected with five getting the fewest votes in their riding.
David Orchard, a fervent opponent of the merger of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and the Canadian Alliance, made no official statement about the new party.
The party adopted the last policy platform of the Progressive Conservative party, but has begun to create new policies for Canada to meet new situations and challenges.
These platforms include (but are not limited to), support of the Canadian Wheat Board, support for small business, belief in a single tier health-care system, the promise of eliminating student debt, and a foreign policy that emphasizes Canada's dual role of peace-keepers and diplomats.
The new party's official logo and initials are an homage to the Progressive Conservative Party, from where the party claims to draw its history, policy, and constitution.
Esrange Space Center (short form Esrange) is a rocket range and research centre located about 40 kilometers east of the town of Kiruna in northern Sweden.
It is a base for scientific research with high-altitude balloons, investigation of the aurora borealis, sounding rocket launches, and satellite tracking, among other things.
Located 200 km north of the Arctic Circle and surrounded by a vast wilderness, its geographic location is ideal for many of these purposes.
This location was chosen because it was generally agreed that it was important to carry out a sounding rocket programme in the auroral zone, and for this reason it was essential that ESRO equip itself with a suitable range in the northern latitudes.
Access to Kiruna was good by air, road and rail, and the launching range was relatively close to the town of Kiruna.
Gradually the smaller rockets were complemented by larger rockets reaching higher altitudes, achieving weightlessness for a few minutes when the rocket is above the parts of the atmosphere giving an appreciable friction.
Having no memory whatsoever of the time that has passed, he begins to suspect that the future he finds himself in may not be real.
Commander Riker's birthday celebration is interrupted as he, Geordi La Forge, and Worf are sent down to a huge cavern on Alpha Onias III, an uninhabited Class M planet, to investigate unusual readings.
Riker cannot remember any event after the Alpha Onias III mission, which Doctor Crusher explains is a side effect of a viral infection he contracted on the planet, and his memories of the intervening events may or may not return in time.
Commander Tomalak is revealed to be behind the simulation, the object of which was to trick Riker into giving away the location of a key Federation outpost.
The Romulans, Tomalak explains, were fooled by the intensity of Riker's memories of Minuet and had incorporated her into their fantasy on the assumption that she was real.
Riker realizes that he is still in a simulation; confronting Ethan over it, he demands that the game end immediately and that he be allowed to leave.
Ethan accepts Riker's offer and after Ethan reveals his true form as a grey-skinned insectoid alien named Barash, the two beam onto the ship.
She articled at the Tory, Tory DesLauriers & Binnington law firm in Toronto, and worked for the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.
When it was reorganized into five companies, she was appointed president and CEO of Hydro One, from which she received over $2 million annual income and benefits in 2001.
She has been the Executive Director of Prison Fellowship Canada, leaving the position in 2013, and Padre to the Governor General's Horse Guards.
She has been pastor at St. Luke's Anglican Church in Smithville, Ontario since 2008 and was awarded The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal.
Clitheroe filed a lawsuit against the utility for severance compensation and increased pension after specific legislation limiting benefits at Hydro One was passed by the Progressive Conservative government.
From 1880 to 1886, he taught at Uppingham School in Rutland, where Howard Candler, a friend of Edwin Abbott Abbott's, also taught.
In 1883 he went through a marriage ceremony with Maud Florence, by whom he had had twin children, under the assumed identity of John Weldon.
In 1887 Charles moved with Mary Ellen to Japan to work in a mission before accepting a job as headmaster of the Victoria Public School.
The machine was versatile, capable of variable speeds with an adjustable breech size, and firing curve balls by the use of two rubber-coated steel fingers at the muzzle of the pitcher.
He successfully introduced the machine to the University of Minnesota, where Hinton worked as an assistant professor until 1900, when he resigned to move to the U.S.
An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski.
The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants.
The lateral side of the sole of the foot is rubbed with a blunt instrument or device so as not to cause pain, discomfort, or injury to the skin; the instrument is run from the heel along a curve to the toes (metatarsal pads).
Many reflex hammers taper at the end of the handle to a point which was used for testing the plantar response in the past, however, due to the tightening of infection control regulation this is no longer recommended.
As the lesion responsible for the sign expands, so does the area from which the afferent Babinski response may be elicited.
Occasionally, a pathological plantar reflex is the first and only indication of a serious disease process and a clearly abnormal plantar reflex often prompts detailed neurological investigations, including CT scanning of the brain or MRI of the spine, as well as lumbar puncture for the study of cerebrospinal fluid.
In one study of 256 healthy infants, the response to testing was extensor in 73.8%, flexor in 8.9%, and equivocal in 17.3% This extensor response occurs because the corticospinal pathways that run from the brain down the spinal cord are not fully myelinated at this age, so the reflex is not inhibited by the cerebral cortex.
The Hoffmann's reflex is sometimes described as the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski sign because both indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction.
Mechanistically, they differ significantly; the finger flexor reflex is a simple monosynaptic spinal reflex involving the flexor digitorum profundus that is normally fully inhibited by upper motor neurons.
The plantar reflex can be elicited in a number of ways, which were described in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada of 1819-1820 was part of the Colombian and Venezuelan wars of independence and was one of the many military campaigns fought by Simón Bolívar.
Bolívar's attack on New Granada is considered one of the most daring in military history, compared by contemporaries and some historians to Napoleon's crossing of the Alps in 1800 and José San Martín's Crossing of the Andes in 1817.
During the years 1815 and 1816, Spain had reconquered most of New Granada after five years of de facto and official independence.
By 1819, José María Barreiro, who was in charge of the royalist troops in New Granada, counted with at least 4,500 trained soldiers at his command (without including the troops scattered throughout the region).
Bolivar was able to round up merely 2,200 able men, which he distributed into four battalions, three regiments, one squadron, and an artillery company that lacked cannons.
Simon Bolivar's plan consisted of mobilizing his army from Venezuela to Casanare, in New Granada, to unite forces with Francisco de Paula Santander and his men, and infiltrate the territory through Tunja to combat the troops of Viceroy Juán de Sámano.
Bolívar conceived of the operation in late 1818 and early 1819 after the Congress of Angostura began its deliberations and had reappointed him president of Venezuela.
If Bolívar could liberate New Granada, he would have a whole new base from which to operate against Pablo Morillo, head of the royalist forces in the area.
Central New Granada held great promise since, unlike Venezuela, it had only been recently conquered by Morillo and it had a prior six-year experience of independent government.
To surprise it, Bolívar decided to move during the rainy season, when the Llanos flooded up to a meter and the campaign season ended.
Morillo's forces would be gone from the Llanos for months and no one would anticipate that Bolívar's troops would be on the move.
The proposed route, however, was considered impassable, and therefore the plan understandably received little support from the Congress or from Páez.
With only the forces he and Santander had recruited in the Apure and Meta River regions, Bolívar set off in June 1819.
The route that the small army of about 2,500 men—including a British legion—took went from the hot and humid, flood-swept plains of Venezuela to the icy mountain pass of the Páramo de Pisba, at an altitude of 3,960 meters (13,000 feet), through the Cordillera Oriental.
Despite some intelligence that Bolívar was on the move, the Spanish doubted Bolívar's army could make the trip, and therefore, they were taken by surprise when Bolívar's small army emerged from the mountains on 5 July.
First at the Battle of Vargas Swamp on 25 July, Bolívar intercepted a royalist force attempting to reach the poorly defended capital.
After the Vargas Swamp Battle, Bolivar reorganized his men, resting them until 4 August, when he ordered a return to Venezuela.
The Royalist men took the fastest route to Bogota (which led through the Boyacá Bridge) but were unable to pass, as Bolivar intercepted them, early morning of 7 August.
Bolivar's republican troops were composed of approximately 2,850 men, which successfully divided and defeated the 2,670 royalist soldiers in a battle that lasted two hours.
The battle resulted in the death of 66 republicans, 250 royalists, as well as the capture of approximately 1,600 of the remaining royal troops.
On the day of the battle of Boyacá, Colonel Barrerio (leader of the royalist forces in Nueva Granada) was captured alongside 37 Spanish officers.
On receiving the news, the viceroy, Juan José de Sámano, and the rest of royalist government fled the capital to Cartagena de Indias so fast that they left behind the treasury.
The battle of Boyacá was a decisive triumph over Spanish power in Nueva Granada, and the Spanish America as a whole.
Despite the Royalists' strength in the other provinces of the region, such as Santa Marta and Pasto - where resistance would withstand various years of revolutionary uprisings - the capital of the viceroyalty of Nueva Granada had fallen in the hands of the New Granadans.
In December Bolívar returned to Angostura, where he urged the Congress to proclaim the creation of a new state: the Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia).
Since two of its three regions, Venezuela and Quito (Ecuador), were still under royalist control, it was only a limited achievement.
Bolívar continued his efforts against the royalist areas of Venezuela, culminating in the Battle of Carabobo two years later, which all but secured his control of northern South America.
With this shift in political power, the path was laid out for the union of Nueva Granada and Venezuela into the Republic of Colombia.
However, the campaigns for independence would continue: Antonio José de Sucre marched South, towards Pasto, the Audiencia de Quito, the Viceroyalty of Peru, and the Alto Perú, while Bolivar sought to expand the campaign to the westernmost regions of Venezuela, which still lay under Spanish power, and counted with 27,000 soldiers for its defense.
The museum has a mockup of a lead mine in which children may safely experience and explore how the miners, and in particular how children, were used in this dangerous aspect of England's industrial past.
It is just north of the River Thames and is close to the southern tip of the Isle of Dogs and the River Thames.
Island Gardens is a public park with a notable view across the river to the classical buildings of the former Greenwich Hospital and the National Maritime Museum, with Greenwich Park forming a backdrop.
It was built adjacent to the site of the old North Greenwich railway station, which had been the southern terminus of the former Millwall Extension Railway.
Wiley Hardeman Post (November 22, 1898 – August 15, 1935) was a famed American aviator during the interwar period and the first pilot to fly solo around the world.
Also known for his work in high-altitude flying, Post helped develop one of the first pressure suits and discovered the jet stream.
On August 15, 1935, Post and American humorist Will Rogers were killed when Post's aircraft crashed on takeoff from a lagoon near Point Barrow in the Territory of Alaska.
On October 1, 1926, an oil field accident cost him his left eye, but he used the settlement money to buy his first aircraft.
Around this time, he met fellow Oklahoman Will Rogers when he flew Rogers to a rodeo, and the two eventually became close friends.
Hall in 1930 when Hall bought a high-wing, single-engine Lockheed Vega, one of the most famous record-breaking aircraft of the early 1930s.
They arrived back on July 1, after traveling in the record time of 8 days and 15 hours and 51 minutes, in the first successful aerial circumnavigation by a single-engined monoplane.
They had lunch at the White House on July 6, rode in a ticker-tape parade the next day in New York City, and were honored at a banquet given by the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America at the Hotel Astor.
After the record-setting flight, Post wanted to open his own aeronautical school, but could not raise enough financial support because of doubts many had about his rural background and limited formal education.
Motivated by his detractors, Post decided to attempt a solo flight around the world and to break his previous speed record.
Over the next year, Post improved his aircraft by installing an autopilot device and a radio direction finder that were in their final stages of development by the Sperry Gyroscope Company and the United States Army.
In 1933, he repeated his flight around the world, this time using the auto-pilot and compass in place of his navigator and becoming the first to accomplish the feat alone.
He departed from Floyd Bennett Field and continued on to Berlin where repairs were attempted to his autopilot, stopped at Königsberg to replace some forgotten maps, Moscow for more repairs to his autopilot, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk for final repairs to the autopilot, Rukhlovo, Khabarovsk, Flat where his propeller had to be replaced, Fairbanks, Edmonton, and back to Floyd Bennett Field.
In 1934, with financial support from Frank Phillips of the Phillips Petroleum Company, Post began exploring the limits of high-altitude long-distance flight.
The Winnie Mae's cabin could not be pressurized, so he worked with Russell S. Colley of the B.F. Goodrich Company to develop what became the world's first practical pressure suit.
The redesigned second suit used the same helmet as the first but when tested was too tight and they were unable to remove it from Post, so they had to cut him out thus destroying the suit.
The body of the suit had three layers: long underwear, an inner black rubber air pressure bladder, and an outer layer made of rubberized parachute fabric.
The outer layer was glued to a frame with arm and leg joints that allowed him to operate the flight controls and to walk to and from the aircraft.
The helmet had a removable faceplate that could be sealed at a height of 17,000 ft, and could accommodate earphones and a throat microphone.
Eventually flying as high as 50,000 ft, Post discovered the jet stream and made the first major practical advances in pressurized flight.
Between February 22 and June 15, 1935, Post made four unsuccessful attempts to complete the first high altitude non-stop flight from Los Angeles to New York, all of which failed for various mechanical reasons.
This was followed by attempts on March 15 (Cleveland, Ohio; 2,035 miles), April 14 (Lafayette, Indiana; 1,760 miles), and June 15 (Wichita, KS; 1,188 miles).
When Post was killed on August 15, 1935, thus ending the possibility of any more attempts to complete the AM-2 stratosphere flight, the covers were finally cancelled in Los Angeles on August 20, 1935, and forwarded to their addressees.
In 1935 Post became interested in surveying a mail-and-passenger air route from the West Coast of the United States to Russia.
Short on cash, he built a hybrid using parts salvaged from two different aircraft: the fuselage of an airworthy Lockheed Orion and the wings of a wrecked experimental Lockheed Explorer.
The Explorer wing was six feet longer in span than the Orion's original wing, an advantage that extended the range of the hybrid aircraft.
As the Explorer wing did not have retractable landing gear, it also lent itself to the fitting of floats for landing in the lakes of Alaska and Siberia.
Lockheed refused to make the modifications Post requested on the grounds that the two designs were incompatible and potentially a dangerous mix, so Wiley made the changes himself.
Post's friend Will Rogers visited him often at the airport in Burbank, California, while Pacific Airmotive Ltd. was modifying the aircraft, and asked Post to fly him through Alaska in search of new material for his newspaper column.
When the floats Post had ordered were delayed, he used a set designed for a larger type, making the aircraft more nose-heavy than it already was.
After making a test flight in July, Post and Rogers left Lake Washington, near Seattle, in early August and made several stops in Alaska.
They were a few miles from there when they became uncertain of their position in bad weather and landed in a lagoon to ask for directions.
On takeoff, the engine failed at low altitude, and the aircraft, uncontrollably nose-heavy at low speed, plunged into the lagoon, shearing off the right wing, and ended up inverted in the shallow part.
Two monuments at the crash site commemorate the death of the two men and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Oklahoma City's major commercial airport is named after Will Rogers, so that both victims of the crash are honored by airports in Oklahoma City.
The Will Rogers – Wiley Post Memorial Seaplane Base is a seaplane base located on Lake Washington, at the north end of the Renton Municipal Airport in Renton, Washington.
The U.S. Army Air Forces (later United States Air Force) named a street on the former Maywood Army Air Forces Specialized Storage Depot (later Cheli Air Force Station), after Post.
Post was inducted into the First Flight Society's First Flight Shrine, located at the Wright Brothers National Memorial, on December 17, 1970.
In 1997, he was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
Bakewell pudding is an English dessert consisting of a flaky pastry base with a layer of sieved jam and topped with a filling made of egg and almond paste.
The origins of the pudding are not clear, but a common story is that it was first made by accident in 1820 (other sources cite 1860) by Mrs Greaves, who was the landlady of the White Horse Inn (since demolished).
The cook, instead of stirring the eggs and almond paste mixture into the pastry, spread it on top of the jam.
When cooked, the egg and almond paste set like an egg custard, and the result was successful enough for it to become a popular dish at the inn.
The dates and/or premises given in this story are unlikely to be accurate as the White Horse Inn was demolished in 1803 to make way for the development of Rutland Square and subsequently the Rutland Arms Hotel.
The Manson Family was a desert commune and cult active in California in the late 1960s and early 1970s which was led by Charles Manson.
The group consisted of approximately 100 of his followers who lived an unconventional lifestyle with habitual use of hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD.
Most of the group members were young women from middle-class backgrounds, many of whom were radicalized by Manson's teachings and drawn by hippie culture and communal living.
Manson was released from prison for petty crimes in 1967, and the Family moved to San Francisco and later to a deserted ranch in the San Fernando Valley.
According to group member Susan Atkins, the Family believed that Manson was a manifestation of Jesus and that his prophecies were reliable concerning an imminent, apocalyptic race war.
Following his release from prison on March 21, 1967, Charles Manson received permission to move to San Francisco, where, with the help of a prison acquaintance, he moved into an apartment in Berkeley.
Manson appeared to have borrowed his philosophy from the Process Church of the Final Judgment, whose members believed Satan would become reconciled to Christ and they would come together at the end of the world to judge humanity.
He strongly implied that he was Christ; he often told a story envisioning himself on the cross with the nails in his feet and hands.
Before the end of the summer, Manson and eight or nine of his enthusiasts piled into an old school bus they had re-wrought in hippie style, with colored rugs and pillows in place of the many seats they had removed.
Stromberg thought that Manson made interesting suggestions about what Jesus might do in a situation, seeming to be attuned to the role.
He had one of his women kiss his feet and then kiss hers in return to demonstrate the place of women.
At the beach one day, Stromberg watched while Manson preached against a materialistic outlook, only to be questioned about his well-furnished bus.
For example, Manson tried to manipulate an influential member of a motorcycle gang by granting him access to Family women; he then convinced the biker that it was the biker's large penis which kept the women in the group.
Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys picked up Patricia Krenwinkel and Ella Jo Bailey when they were hitchhiking in late spring 1968, while under the influence of alcohol and LSD.
He returned home in the early hours of the following morning from a night recording session and was greeted by Manson in the driveway, who emerged from the house.
Manson claimed that Wilson gave him his Sunset Boulevard address and invited him to stop by when he came to Los Angeles.
The number of women doubled in Wilson's house over the next few months, and they cost him approximately $100,000 by making themselves part of his household.
This included a large medical bill for treatment of their gonorrhea and $21,000 for the destruction of his uninsured car which they borrowed.
Wilson paid for studio time to record songs written and performed by Manson, and introduced him to entertainment business acquaintances including Gregg Jakobson, Terry Melcher, and Rudi Altobelli, who owned a house which he rented to actress Sharon Tate and her husband Roman Polanski.
It had been a television and movie set for Westerns, but the buildings had deteriorated by the late 1960s and the ranch's revenue was primarily derived from selling horseback rides.
Female Family members did chores around the ranch and, occasionally, had sex on Manson's orders with the nearly blind 80 year-old owner George Spahn.
He met Manson at Wilson's house; Watson had given Wilson a ride while Wilson was hitchhiking after his car was wrecked.
In the first days of November 1968, Manson established the Family at alternative headquarters in Death Valley's environs, where they occupied two unused or little-used ranches, Myers and Barker.
The former, to which the group had initially headed, was owned by the grandmother of a new woman (Catherine Gillies) in the Family.
The latter was owned by an elderly local woman (Arlene Barker) to whom Manson presented himself and a male Family member as musicians in need of a place congenial to their work.
When the woman agreed to let them stay if they'd fix things up, Manson honored her with one of the Beach Boys' gold records, several of which he had been given by Wilson.
For some time, Manson had been saying that racial tensions between blacks and whites were about to erupt, predicting that blacks would rise up in rebellion in America's cities.
On a bitterly cold New Year's Eve at Myers Ranch, as the Family gathered outside around a large fire, Manson explained that the social turmoil he had been predicting had also been predicted by the Beatles.
In fact, he maintained (or would soon maintain), the album was directed at the Family, an elect group that was being instructed to preserve the worthy from the impending disaster.
In early January 1969, the Family left the desert's cold and moved to a canary-yellow home in Canoga Park, not far from the Spahn Ranch.
Ghastly murders of whites by blacks would be met with retaliation, and a split between racist and non-racist whites would yield whites' self-annihilation.
At the Canoga Park house, while Family members worked on vehicles and pored over maps to prepare for their desert escape, they also worked on songs for their world-changing album.
When they were told Melcher was to come to the house to hear the material, the women prepared a meal and cleaned the place.
There are alternative theories to the Helter Skelter scenario and whether or not it was the actual motive behind the murders.
According to Family associate Bobby Beausoleil, it was actually Beausoleil's arrest for the torture and murder of Gary Hinman that instigated the Family's ensuing murder spree—enacted to convince police that the killer(s) of Hinman were in fact still at large.
He had seen Manson through a window as he approached the main house and had gone onto the front porch to ask him what he wanted.
Manson told him that he was looking for someone whose name Hatami did not recognize, and Hatami informed him that the place was the Polanski residence.
He and Tate maintained their positions while Manson went back to the guest house without a word, returned a minute or two later, and left.
This is consistent with prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi's later discovery that Manson had apparently been to the property on earlier occasions after Melcher's departure from it.
Altobelli told Manson through the screen door that Melcher had moved to Malibu, falsely stating that he did not know his new address.
Altobelli said that he was in the entertainment business, although he had met Manson the previous year at Wilson's home and he was sure that Manson already knew that.
He then informed Manson that he was going out of the country the next day, and Manson said that he would like to speak with him upon his return; Altobelli lied that he would be gone for more than a year.
Manson explained that he had been directed to the guest house by the persons in the main house; Altobelli expressed the wish that Manson would not disturb his tenants.
Melcher arranged a subsequent visit, not long thereafter, during which he brought a friend who possessed a mobile recording unit, but Melcher did not record the group.
Manson's belief that he had killed Crowe was seemingly confirmed by a news report of the discovery of the dumped body of a Black Panther in Los Angeles.
Although Crowe was not a member of the Black Panthers, Manson concluded he had been and expected retaliation from the Panthers.
At some point in the late 1960s, he befriended members of the Manson Family, allowing some to occasionally stay at his home.
Believing that he was wealthy, Manson sent Family members Bobby Beausoleil, Mary Brunner and Susan Atkins to Hinman's home on July 25, 1969 to convince him to join the Family and turn over the assets Manson thought Hinman had inherited.
The three individuals held the uncooperative Hinman hostage for two days, during which time Manson arrived with a sword and slashed his ear.
In magazine interviews of 1981 and 1998–1999, Beausoleil said he went to Hinman's to recover money paid to Hinman for drugs that had supposedly been bad; he added that Brunner and Atkins, unaware of his intent, went along merely to visit Hinman.
Atkins, in her 1977 autobiography, wrote that Manson directly told Beausoleil, Brunner, and her to go to Hinman's and get the supposed inheritance of $21,000.
On the night of August 8, 1969, Manson directed Watson to take Susan Atkins, Linda Kasabian, and Patricia Krenwinkel to Melcher's former home at 10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles and kill everyone there.
The Family members proceeded to kill the five people they found: Sharon Tate (eight and a half months pregnant), who was living there at the time; Jay Sebring, Abigail Folger, and Wojtek Frykowski, who were visiting her; and Steven Parent, who had been visiting the caretaker of the home.
After a few hours' ride, in which he considered a number of murders and even attempted one of them, Manson gave Kasabian directions that brought the group to 3301 Waverly Drive.
Located in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, it was next door to a house at which Manson and Family members had attended a party the previous year.
According to Atkins and Kasabian, Manson disappeared up the driveway and returned to say he had tied up the house's occupants.
In his autobiography, Watson stated that having gone up alone, Manson returned to take him up to the house with him.
As Watson related it, Manson roused the sleeping Leno LaBianca from the couch at gunpoint and had Watson bind his hands with a leather thong.
After Rosemary was brought briefly into the living room from the bedroom, Watson followed Manson's instructions to cover the couple's heads with pillowcases.
Now, sending the women from the kitchen to the bedroom to which Rosemary LaBianca had been returned, he went to the living room and began stabbing Leno LaBianca with a chrome-plated bayonet.
Sounds of a scuffle in the bedroom drew Watson there to discover Rosemary LaBianca keeping the women at bay by swinging the lamp tied to her neck.
After subduing her with several stabs of the bayonet, he returned to the living room and resumed attacking Leno, whom he stabbed a total of 12 times with the bayonet.
Heeding Manson's instruction to make sure each of the women played a part, Watson told Van Houten to stab Mrs. LaBianca too.
She gave Leno LaBianca 14 puncture wounds with an ivory-handled, two-tined carving fork, which she left jutting out of his stomach.
Depositing the other three Family members who had departed Spahn with him that evening at the man's apartment building, Manson drove back to Spahn Ranch, leaving them and the LaBianca killers to hitchhike home.
On August 10, detectives of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, which had jurisdiction in the Hinman case, informed Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) detectives assigned to the Tate case of the bloody writing at the Hinman house.
Thinking the Tate murders were a consequence of a drug transaction, the Tate team ignored this and the crimes' other similarities.
Steven Parent, the shooting victim in the Tate driveway, was determined to have been an acquaintance of William Garretson, who lived in the guest house.
He was released on August 11, 1969, after undergoing a polygraph examination that indicated he had not been involved in the crimes.
The LaBianca crime scene was discovered at about 10:30 p.m. on August 10, approximately 19 hours after the murders were committed.
Fifteen-year-old Frank Struthers—Rosemary's son from a prior marriage and Leno's stepson—returned from a camping trip and was disturbed by seeing all of the window shades of his home drawn and by the fact that his stepfather's speedboat was still attached to the family car, which was parked in the driveway.
On August 12, 1969, the LAPD told the press it had ruled out any connection between the Tate and LaBianca homicides.
Still working separately from the Tate team, the LaBianca team checked with the sheriff's office in mid-October about possible similar crimes.
The arrests, for car thefts, had taken place at the desert ranches to which the Family had moved and where, unknown to authorities, its members had been searching Death Valley for a hole in the ground—access to the Bottomless Pit.
A joint force of National Park Service Rangers and officers from the California Highway Patrol and the Inyo County Sheriff's Office—federal, state, and county personnel—had raided both Myers Ranch and Barker Ranch after following clues unwittingly left when Family members burned an earthmover owned by Death Valley National Monument.
Following up leads a month after they had spoken with Lutesinger, LaBianca detectives contacted members of a motorcycle gang Manson tried to enlist as his bodyguards while the Family was at Spahn Ranch.
While the gang members were providing information that suggested a link between Manson and the murders, a dormitory mate of Susan Atkins informed LAPD of the Family's involvement in the crimes.
Transferred to Sybil Brand Institute, a detention center in Monterey Park, California, she had begun talking to bunkmates Ronnie Howard and Virginia Graham, to whom she gave accounts of the events in which she had been involved.
On December 1, 1969, acting on the information from these sources, LAPD announced warrants for the arrest of Watson, Krenwinkel, and Kasabian in the Tate case; the suspects' involvement in the LaBianca murders was noted.
Manson and Atkins, already in custody, were not mentioned; the connection between the LaBianca case and Van Houten, who was also among those arrested near Death Valley, had not yet been recognized.
Watson and Krenwinkel were already under arrest, with authorities in McKinney, Texas and Mobile, Alabama having picked them up on notice from LAPD.
Informed that a warrant was out for her arrest, Kasabian voluntarily surrendered to authorities in Concord, New Hampshire on December 2.
Before long, physical evidence such as Krenwinkel's and Watson's fingerprints, which had been collected by LAPD at Cielo Drive, was augmented by evidence recovered by the public.
Acting on that same newspaper account, a local ABC television crew quickly located and recovered the bloody clothing discarded by the Tate killers.
The knives discarded en route from the Tate residence were never recovered, despite a search by some of the same crewmen and, months later, by LAPD.
A knife found behind the cushion of a chair in the Tate living room was apparently that of Susan Atkins, who lost her knife in the course of the attack.
The prosecution's main witness was Kasabian, who, along with Manson, Atkins, and Krenwinkel, had been charged with seven counts of murder and one of conspiracy.
Since Kasabian, by all accounts, had not participated in the killings, she was granted immunity in exchange for testimony that detailed the nights of the crimes.
Originally, a deal had been made with Atkins in which the prosecution agreed not to seek the death penalty against her in exchange for her grand jury testimony on which the indictments were secured; once Atkins repudiated that testimony, the deal was withdrawn.
Because Van Houten had participated only in the LaBianca killings, she was charged with two counts of murder and one of conspiracy.
Over the following weekend, the female defendants duplicated the mark on their own foreheads, as did most Family members within another day or so.
To keep them out of the courtroom proper, the prosecution subpoenaed them as prospective witnesses, who would not be able to enter while others were testifying.
When the group established itself in vigil on the sidewalk, some members wore sheathed hunting knives that, although in plain view, were carried legally.
Prosecution witnesses Paul Watkins and Juan Flynn were both threatened; Watkins was badly burned in a suspicious fire in his van.
Former Family member Barbara Hoyt, who had overheard Susan Atkins describing the Tate murders to Family member Ruth Ann Moorehouse, agreed to accompany the latter to Hawaii.
Found sprawled on a Honolulu curb in a drugged semi-stupor, Hoyt was taken to the hospital, where she did her best to identify herself as a witness in the Tate–LaBianca murder trial.
This was a reference to a statement made the previous day when U.S. President Richard Nixon had decried what he saw as the media's glamorization of Manson.
The next day, the female defendants stood up and said in unison that, in light of Nixon's remark, there was no point in going on with the trial.
On October 5, Manson was denied the court's permission to question a prosecution witness whom defense attorneys had declined to cross-examine.
Wrestled to the ground by bailiffs, he was removed from the courtroom with the female defendants, who had subsequently risen and begun chanting in Latin.
Three days later, after arguing standard dismissal motions, the defense stunned the court by resting as well, without calling a single witness.
In chambers, the women's lawyers told the judge their clients wanted to testify that they had planned and committed the crimes and that Manson had not been involved.
In the prosecutor's view, it was Manson who was advising the women to testify in this way as a means of saving himself.
As the body of the trial concluded and with the closing arguments impending, defense attorney Hughes disappeared during a weekend trip.
When Maxwell Keith was appointed to represent Van Houten in Hughes' absence, a delay of more than two weeks was required to permit Keith to familiarize himself with the voluminous trial transcripts.
No sooner had the trial resumed, just before Christmas, than disruptions of the prosecution's closing argument by the defendants led Older to ban the four defendants from the courtroom for the remainder of the guilt phase.
This may have occurred because the defendants were acting in collusion with each other and were simply putting on a performance, which Older said was becoming obvious.
On January 25, 1971, the jury returned guilty verdicts against the four defendants on each of the 27 separate counts against them.
Not far into the trial's penalty phase, the jurors saw, at last, the defense that Manson—in the prosecution's view—had planned to present.
The killings, they said, were intended to draw suspicion away from Bobby Beausoleil by resembling the crime for which he had been jailed.
This plan had supposedly been the work of, and carried out under the guidance of, not Manson, but someone allegedly in love with Beausoleil—Linda Kasabian.
In what the prosecution regarded as belated recognition on their part that imitation of Manson only proved his domination, the female defendants refrained from shaving their heads until the jurors retired to weigh the state's request for the death penalty.
On the day the verdicts recommending the death penalty were returned, news came that the badly decomposed body of Ronald Hughes had been found wedged between two boulders in Ventura County.
It was rumored, although never proven, that Hughes was murdered by the Family, possibly because he had stood up to Manson and refused to allow Van Houten to take the stand and absolve Manson of the crimes.
He was arrested in Texas on November 30, 1969, after local police were notified by California investigators that his fingerprints were found to match a print found on the front door of the Tate home.
The trial commenced in August 1971; by October, he, too, had been found guilty on seven counts of murder and one of conspiracy.
Though he found temporary acceptance from the Aryan Brotherhood, his role was submissive to a sexually aggressive member of the group at San Quentin.
Months earlier, he had been forced to dig his own grave, and then was shot and poorly buried; his body was found with one hand protruding from the grave and the head and other hand missing, most likely because of scavenging animals.
Police forced their way into the house and arrested several of the people there, along with Fromme, who had called the house after they had arrived.
She had been killed very recently by a gunshot to the head, in what the Family members initially claimed was an accident.
It was later suggested that she was killed out of fear that she would reveal who killed her husband, as the discovery of his body had become prominent news.
Michael Monfort pleaded guilty to murdering Reni Willett, and Priscilla Cooper, James Craig, and Nancy Pitman pleaded guilty as accessories after the fact.
Monfort and William Goucher later pleaded guilty to the murder of James Willett, and James Craig pleaded guilty as an accessory after the fact.
Shortly after killing Willett, Monfort had used Willett's identification papers to pose as Willett after being arrested for an armed robbery of a liquor store.
News reports suggested that James Willett was not involved in the robberies and wanted to move away, but was killed out of fear that he would talk to police.
Shea was a Spahn Ranch stuntman and horse wrangler who had been killed approximately ten days after an August 16, 1969, sheriff's raid on the ranch.
Manson, who suspected that Shea helped set up the raid, had apparently believed Shea was trying to get Spahn to run the Family off the ranch.
In 1977, authorities learned the precise location of the remains of Shorty Shea and, contrary to Family claims, that Shea had not been dismembered and buried in several places.
Contacting the prosecutor in his case, Steve Grogan told him Shea's corpse had been buried in one piece; he drew a map that pinpointed the location of the body, which was recovered.
On September 5, 1975, the Family rocketed back to national attention when Squeaky Fromme attempted to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.
The attempt took place in Sacramento, to which she and Manson follower Sandra Good had moved to be near Manson while he was incarcerated at Folsom State Prison.
A subsequent search of the apartment shared by Fromme, Good, and a Family recruit turned up evidence that, coupled with later actions on the part of Good, resulted in Good's conviction for conspiring to send threatening communications through the United States mail and transmitting death threats by way of interstate commerce.
Fromme was sentenced to 15 years to life, becoming the first person sentenced under United States Code Title 18, chapter 84 (1965), which made it a Federal crime to attempt to assassinate the President of the United States.
In December 1987, Fromme, serving a life sentence for the assassination attempt, escaped briefly from Federal Prison Camp, Alderson, in West Virginia.
In a 1994 conversation with Manson prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi, Catherine Share, a one-time Manson-follower, stated that her testimony in the penalty phase of Manson's trial had been a fabrication intended to save Manson from the gas chamber and that it had been given under Manson's explicit direction.
Share's testimony had introduced the copycat-motive story, which the testimony of the three female defendants echoed and according to which the Tate–LaBianca murders had been Linda Kasabian's idea.
In August 1971, after Manson's trial and sentencing, Share had participated in a violent California retail store robbery, the object of which was the acquisition of weapons to help free Manson.
This corroborated the unofficial results of the polygraph examination that had been given to Garretson on August 10, 1969, and that had effectively eliminated him as a suspect.
An application for compassionate release, based on her health status, was denied in July 2008, and she was denied parole for the 18th and final time on September 2, 2009.
On March 15, 2008, the Associated Press reported that forensic investigators had conducted a search for human remains at Barker Ranch the previous month.
Though they recommended digging, CNN reported on March 28 that the Inyo County sheriff, who questioned the methods they employed with search dogs, had ordered additional tests before any excavation.
On May 21, after two days of work, the sheriff brought the search to an end; four potential gravesites had been dug up and had been found to hold no human remains.
In September 2009, The History Channel broadcast a docudrama covering the Family's activities and the murders as part of its coverage on the 40th anniversary of the killings.
Vic Damone (born Vito Rocco Farinola; June 12, 1928 – February 11, 2018) was an American traditional pop and big band singer, actor, radio and television presenter, and entertainer.
Damone was born Vito Rocco Farinola in Brooklyn, New York, to Rocco and Mamie (Damone) Farinola, Italian emigrants from Bari, Italy.
He was booked into the Mocambo nightclub on the Sunset Strip in 1949, residing briefly at the Strip's famed Garden of Allah Hotel.
From 1951 to 1953, he served in the United States Army, but before going into the service he recorded a number of songs that were released during that time.
His group of musical guests over two seasons included Count Basie, Louie Bellson, Dave Brubeck, Chris Connor, Matt Dennis, Frances Faye, Ella Fitzgerald, Dizzy Gillespie, Buddy Greco, Woody Herman, Jack Jones, Stan Kenton, Gene Krupa, Peggy Lee, Nellie Lutcher, Shelly Manne, Anita O'Day, Ruth Olay and Oscar Peterson.
In 1971, Damone started playing Las Vegas casinos as a performer, and although he had to declare bankruptcy in the early 1970s, he earned enough as a casino performer to clear up his financial difficulties.
He extended his geographical range, touring through the United States and the United Kingdom, and as a result of his popularity, decided to record some albums again for RCA.
According to Martino, after being stripped of the role, he went to Russell Bufalino, his godfather and a crime boss, who then orchestrated the publication of various news articles that claimed Coppola was unaware of Ruddy giving Martino the part.
Damone eventually dropped the role because he did not want to provoke the mob or Frank Sinatra, whom Damone profoundly respected, in addition to being paid too little.
He planned to release a 7 CD series called The Vic Damone Signature Collection, and in May 2003 released Volume 1, produced by Perry and Frank Sinclair.
In May 2004, Vic released his second CD in the Signature Series, again produced by his Perry and Sinclair, and decided to limit the collection to the two CDs released.
One of his final public performances was on January 19, 2002, at the Raymond F. Kravis Center for the Performing Arts in Palm Beach, Florida.
Damone did, however, step out of retirement on January 22, 2011, when he once again performed at the Kravis Performing Arts Center in Palm Beach, to a sold-out crowd.
He wrote that his life was spared when, during a Mafia meeting to determine the singer's fate, New York mob boss Frank Costello ruled in Damone's favor.
Bublé responded by saying that he knew what he was doing, but promising that from now on he would always mix his alcohol with soda or orange juice.
In addition to posting recent photos, Damone wrote that besides spending time with his family, he spends his retirement enjoying golf and football.
Damone's first wife, Pier Angeli, was previously in a well-publicized relationship with James Dean, but left him to marry Damone, a move that garnered great media attention.
Six years after divorcing Angeli, Damone was arrested on October 15, 1964 on Angeli's charge that he had kidnapped their 9‐year‐old son Perry (named for Perry Como) and taken him from New York to Los Angeles.
Damone was raised Roman Catholic and served as an altar boy, claiming to have never found deep meaning in his original faith.
In 2013, Damone was involved in a tug-of-war in a Palm Beach County court with Rowan's two daughters, Nina and Lisa Rowan, for control over the destiny of Rowan and her fortune, which was reportedly worth more than $50 million.
In May 2016, Trump offered to be a character witness on Damone's behalf in the event of any legal action his step-daughters might take to prevent him from receiving any of his then ill wife's estate, with an estimated worth of $900 million.
For his contribution to the recording industry, Damone has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1731 Vine Street in Los Angeles, California.
In 2014, Damone received the Society for the Preservation of the Great American Songbook's first Legend Award in recognition of those who have made a significant contribution to the genre.
To the west is Millwall, to the east and south is Greenwich, to the northwest Canary Wharf and to the north, across the Blue Bridge, is the rest of Poplar.
It is named after William Cubitt, Lord Mayor of London (1860–1862), who was responsible for the development of the housing and amenities of the area in the 1840s and 1850s, mainly to house the growing population of workers in the local docks, shipbuilding yards and factories.
As it grew, Cubitt also created many local businesses employing manual labourers as well as the streets of housing to accommodate them.
For many years this area was home to a number of shipbuilders, such as Westwood, Baillie, Samuda Brothers, J & W Dudgeon and Yarrow Shipbuilders.
In Cubitt Town, the Pyrimont Wharf was developed in 1861 by the Asphalte de Seyssel Company of Thames Embankment (later known as the Seyssel Asphalte Company or Seyssel Pyrimont Asphalte Company), with asphalt production taken over in the 1870s by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company.
The area is a mix of old east London working-class communities transplanted into 1960s and 1970s high-rise estates and the middle-class workers in the Canary Wharf complex attracted by relatively low prices for riverside living, plus less recent Bangladeshi and East Asian immigrant populations.
Will Crooks, the then Mayor of Poplar had attended a meeting at the Guildhall, where Carnegie had promised to fund public libraries.
Crooks was able to get a commitment form him to pay for two libraries, this one in Cubitt Town and another in Bromley by Bow.
The total expense for this building was £6,805 13s 10d, which included some neighbouring land which originally served as a public garden before providing space for an extension to be used a meeting hall and erected in 1962.
Access across the River Thames is by the Greenwich Foot Tunnel and the National Cycle Route 1 to the west (which also uses the Greenwich Foot Tunnel).
Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn (March 3, 1783, Exeter, New Hampshire – July 29, 1851, Portland, Maine) was an American soldier, lawyer, author, and statesman.
Dearborn was the first President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and the author of many books.
Dearborn was the son of Secretary of War and Major General Henry Dearborn by his second wife and named for his father's friend, Alexander Scammell.
Dearborn attended the common schools; attended Williams College for two years; and graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1803.
Dearborn studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Salem, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine (which was then a part of Massachusetts).
Dearborn was also elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1823.
He was a member of the Massachusetts state house of representatives in 1829 and a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1830.
In 1848, following the death of President General William Popham in September 1847, he was elected as President General of the Society.
As President General he proposed changes in the Society's membership rules to allow for descendants of other than original members to join.
The Native American Party, a precursor to the Know Nothings, which had split from the Whig Party in 1845, met in September 1847 in Philadelphia, where they nominated Zachary Taylor for president while Dearborn was selected as his running mate.
However, when the Whig Party nominated Taylor for the presidency with Millard Fillmore as his running mate the following year, this rendered his previous nomination moot and the Native American Party failed to make an alternate nomination.
Dearborn died on July 29, 1851 at the age of 68 in Portland, Maine and is interred in Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
Dearborn's nephew was William R. Lee (1807–1891), who was colonel of the 20th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the Civil War and was breveted to brigadier general after the war.
Three successive grade schools in Roxbury have been named after General Dearborn: The first was built in 1852; the second, still standing at 25 Ambrose Street, was built in 1905; and after that closed, the old Roxbury High School was renamed the Dearborn Middle School in 1981.
Allen was born in Evanston, Illinois, and studied at the universities of Michigan, Connecticut, and Minnesota, and in Germany at the Free University of Berlin and the University of Göttingen.
Mathis has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for three separate recordings.
Mathis was born in Gilmer, Texas, on September 30, 1935, the fourth of seven children of Clem Mathis and Mildred Boyd.
His father had worked in vaudeville, and when he saw his son's talent, he bought an old upright piano for $25 (US$ in dollars) and encouraged him.
In 1954, he enrolled at San Francisco State College on an athletic scholarship, intending to become an English teacher and a physical education teacher.
This is still one of the college's top jump heights and was only two inches short of the Olympic record at the time.
Just as when he was in high school, Mathis's name was frequently mentioned in the sports sections of the Northern California newspapers.
While singing at a Sunday afternoon jam session with a friend's jazz sextet at the Black Hawk Club in San Francisco, Mathis attracted the attention of the club's co-founder, Helen Noga.
She became Mathis' music manager, and in September 1955, after Noga had found Mathis a job singing weekends at Ann Dee's 440 Club, she learned that George Avakian, head of Popular Music A&R at Columbia Records, was on vacation near San Francisco.
At San Francisco State, Mathis had become noteworthy as a high jumper, and in 1956 he was asked to try out for the U.S. Olympic Team that would travel to Melbourne, Australia, that November.
Mathis had to decide whether to go to the Olympic trials or to keep his appointment in New York City to make his first recordings.
His second album was produced by Columbia Records vice-president and record producer Mitch Miller, who helped to define the Mathis sound.
Miller preferred that Mathis sing soft, romantic ballads, pairing him up with conductor and music arranger Ray Conniff, and later, Ray Ellis, Glenn Osser, and Robert Mersey.
During the summer of 1958, Mathis left San Francisco with the Nogas, who sold their interest in the Black Hawk club that year, and moved to Beverly Hills, California, where the Nogas bought a house.
Mathis purchased a mansion in Hollywood Hills, which was originally built by billionaire Howard Hughes in 1946, where he still maintains a residence.
After splitting from Noga, Mathis established Jon Mat Records, Inc., incorporated in California on May 11, 1967, to produce his recordings (previously, he founded Global Records, Inc. to produce his Mercury albums), and Rojon Productions, Inc., incorporated in California on September 30, 1964, to handle all of his concert, theater, showroom, and television appearances, and all promotional and charitable activities.
While Mathis continued to make music, the ascent of the Beatles and early 1970s album rock kept his adult contemporary recordings out of the pop singles charts, until he experienced a career renaissance in the late 1970s.
The success of the duets with Williams prompted Mathis to record duets with a variety of partners, including Dionne Warwick, Natalie Cole, Gladys Knight, Jane Olivor, Stephanie Lawrence, and Nana Mouskouri.
Mathis continues to perform live, but from 2000 forward, he limited his concert performances to about fifty to sixty per year.
He is one of the very last pop singers who travels with his own full orchestra (as opposed to a band).
Mathis, Bob Dylan, Barbra Streisand, and Bruce Springsteen carry the distinction of having the longest tenure of any recording artist on the Columbia label.
With the exception of a four-year break to record for Mercury Records in the mid-1960s, he has been with Columbia Records throughout his career, from 1956 to 1963 and from 1968 to the present.
Through the years, his songs (or parts of them) have been heard in 100 plus television shows and films around the globe.
The team was denied a chance to play in a bowl game because it refused to agree to not play its two African-American players, Ollie Matson and Burl Toler, who were childhood friends of Mathis.
Since 1985, he has been hosting a charity golf tournament in Belfast sponsored by Shell corporation, and the annual Johnny Mathis Invitational Track & Field Meet has continued at San Francisco State University since it started in 1982.
Mathis has undergone rehabilitation for both alcohol and prescription drug addictions, and he has supported many organizations through the years, including the American Cancer Society, the March of Dimes, the YWCA and YMCA, the Muscular Dystrophy Association and the NAACP.
In 2006, Mathis said that his silence had been because of death threats he received as a result of that 1982 article.
This Special Merit Award is presented by vote of the Recording Academy's National Trustees to performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artist significance to the field of recording.
On June 21, 2014, Mathis was inducted into the Great American Songbook Hall Of Fame along with Linda Ronstadt, Shirley Jones, and Nat King Cole (whose daughter Natalie Cole accepted the award on his behalf).
It is bounded on three sides by a loop of the Thames, between the Isle of Dogs to the west and Silvertown to the east.
Formerly known as Greenwich Marshes and as Bugsby's Marshes, it became known as East Greenwich as it developed in the 19th century, but more recently has been called North Greenwich due to the location of the North Greenwich Underground station.
This should not be confused with North Greenwich on the Isle of Dogs, at the north side of a former ferry from Greenwich.
In the 17th century, Blackwall Point (the northern tip of the peninsula, opposite Blackwall) gained notoriety as a location where pirates' corpses were hung in cages as a deterrent to other would-be pirates.
In the 1690s the Board of Ordnance established a gunpowder magazine on the west side of the peninsula, which was in operation by 1695 serving as the government's primary magazine (where newly milled powder was stored prior to being distributed, on board specially-equipped hoys, to wherever it was needed).
From the early 18th century, however, local residents began petitioning Parliament, asking for the magazine (and its dangerous contents in particular) to be removed; this eventually led to the establishment of a new set of Royal Gunpowder Magazines downriver at Purfleet, which was opened in 1765.
In 1857 a plan was presented to Parliament for a huge dock occupying much of the peninsula, connected to Greenwich Reach to the west and Bugsby's Reach to the east, but this came to nothing.
Early industries included Henry Blakeley's Ordnance Works making heavy guns, with other sites making chemicals, submarine cables, iron boats, iron and steel.
Henry Bessemer built a steel works in the early 1860s to supply the London shipbuilding industry, but this closed as a result of a fall in demand due to the financial crisis of 1866.
For over 100 years the peninsula was dominated by the gasworks which primarily produced town gas, also known as coal gas.
The site had its own extensive railway system connected to the main railway line near Charlton, and a large jetty used to unload coal and load coke.
The larger holder, originally the largest in the world, was reduced to 8.9 million ft (250,000m) when it was damaged in the Silvertown explosion in 1917, but was still the largest in England until it was damaged again by a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb in 1978.
Its peak production of 400 million ft per day (11.3 million m) in the mid 1960s is believed to have been the largest of any single site in the world.
On the eastern shore was Blackwall Point Power Station; the original station from the 1890s was replaced in the 1950s by a new station which ceased operation about 1981.
A large area including the site of the Victoria linoleum works later became the Victoria Deep Water Terminal in 1966, handling container traffic.
At the southern end of the peninsula Enderby's Wharf was occupied by a succession of famous submarine cable companies from 1857 onwards, including Glass Elliot, W T Henley, Telcon, Submarine Cables Ltd, STC, Nortel and Alcatel.
The peninsula remained relatively remote from central London until the opening of the Blackwall Tunnel in 1897, and had no passenger railway or London Underground service until the opening of North Greenwich tube station on the Jubilee line in 1999.
Closure of the gasworks, power station and other industries in the late 20th century left much of the Greenwich Peninsula a barren wasteland, much of it heavily contaminated.
In the early years of the 21st century, surviving industries were mainly concentrated on the western side of the peninsula, between the river and the A102 Blackwall Tunnel southern approach road.
They included Alcatel, a Tunnel Refiners/Amylum glucose plant (from 1976 until about 2008 part of Tate & Lyle) which closed in 2009, and two large marine aggregate terminals on the Delta Metals and Victoria Deep Water Terminal sites.
In 1997 the national regeneration agency, English Partnerships, (now named the Homes and Communities Agency) purchased 1.21 square kilometres (300 acres) of disused land on the peninsula.
The agency's investment of over £225m has helped to enhance the transport network and create new homes, commercial space and community facilities and to open up access to parkland along the river.
In addition to the construction of the Millennium Dome, new roads were built on the eastern side of the Peninsula in anticipation of new developments.
Two phases of Greenwich Millennium Village, a mixed-tenure residential development, with a primary school, a medical centre, a nature reserve with associated education centre have been completed.
A Holiday Inn hotel was also built nearby, and the Greenwich Yacht Club was relocated to a new site south-east of the Dome.
The North Greenwich Pier offering commuter boat service to other parts of London, both east and west, is located on the Thames just to the east of the tube station.
In 2004 outline planning permission was granted for further large-scale redevelopment of the site, including over 10,000 further homes, some facing the river or overlooking the park, of office space and the conversion of the Millennium Dome into an indoor arena, renamed The O, which was used as a London 2012 venue.
Transport for London constructed a cable car over the River Thames for Summer of 2012 just before the 2012 Summer Olympics began.
This runs from a riverside station south-east of the O2 over the river to the Royal Victoria Dock near the ExCeL Centre.
Adjacent to the cable car terminus was a large temporary building housing the London Soccer Dome, formerly the David Beckham Academy.
This opened in 2005 and the building finally closed in 2014, with the main structures being dismantled, transported and re-erected in Southend; the site is intended for residential use.
Central Park runs through the central spine of the peninsula, with the Greenwich Peninsula Ecology Park further south providing a haven for many different species of bird, plants and insects.
A combined heat and power (CHP) energy centre has been constructed adjacent to and east of the A102 Blackwall Tunnel Southern Approach to provide district heating to an eventual total of 15,700 properties on the peninsula.
A 49 m high tower forms part of the energy centre, designed by C. F. Møller Architects, and was completed in 2016.
The tower is clad in a complex metal cladding formed of hundreds of triangular patterns (titled 'Lenticular Dazzle Camouflage'), designed by British artist Conrad Shawcross.
In 2016, construction started on new buildings for St Mary Magdalene Church of England School (part of the Koinonia Federation; the federation currently operates at four Greenwich sites, two of which will move to the new building on completion in September 2018).
The school site is located at the corner of Millennium Way and John Harrison Way, and will include sports facilities available for community use.
The improved access to the peninsula from Canary Wharf, the City and the West End via the Jubilee line has increased the prospects for continued residential regeneration.
Hopscotch is a 1980 American spy comedy thriller film, produced by Edie Landau and Ely A. Landau, directed by Ronald Neame, that stars Walter Matthau, Glenda Jackson, Sam Waterston, Ned Beatty, and Herbert Lom.
Former CIA field officer Miles Kendig is intent on publishing an explosive memoir that will also expose the dirty tricks of Myerson, his obnoxious, incompetent, and profane former boss.
Myerson and Kendig's protégé Joe Cutter are repeatedly foiled in their attempts to capture the former agent and stop the publication of his memoir.
Upon Kendig's return to Washington, his boss, Myerson (Beatty), reassigns him to a desk job because Kendig did not arrest Yaskov, the head of the KGB in Europe.
Kendig explains to Myerson that he knows how Yaskov thinks, and it would take time and resources to identify and learn about a new replacement.
He shreds his personnel file and flies to Salzburg, Austria, to visit former lover Isobel Von Schoenenberg (Jackson), whom he has not seen in a while.
Yaskov, guessing what has happened, meets Kendig and invites him to defect to the KGB; when Kendig refuses, Yaskov asks sarcastically if Kendig will be retiring and writing his memoirs.
On the spot, Kendig decides to do exactly that: to write and publish a memoir exposing the dirty tricks and general incompetence of Myerson's CIA.
She nevertheless helps by mailing copies of Kendig's first chapter to spy chiefs in the U.S., Russia, China, France, Italy, and Great Britain.
After purposely leaking his address, Kendig maneuvers the FBI (which has jurisdiction) into shooting up Myerson's home with both bullets and tear gas.
Kendig purchases a vintage biplane—a Stampe version of the Tiger Moth—and hires an engineer to custom-modify it for a specific task.
Kendig later ambushes Cutter in his hotel room, ties him up and gags him, and informs Cutter that he will be flying across the English Channel from a small airfield near Beachy Head.
Meanwhile, Isobel gives her CIA minders the slip, and crosses the Channel by hovercraft to rendezvous early the next morning with Kendig.
While everyone converges on the airfield, Kendig suffers a flat tire on his way and is taken by the local police to their station.
When a policeman recognizes him from a posted fugitive bulletin, Kendig escapes by short-circuiting an electrical socket and stealing a police car.
Kendig sneaks away from a deteriorating building on the edge of the airfield, using a barrel of rainwater to dispose of the remote control he had used to fly and destroy the biplane.
Disguised as a Sikh and speaking with a British accent, Kendig buys a copy of his own book in a local bookstore, much to Isobel's complete exasperation with his disguises.
Ian Fraser was the arranger and found many sections of Mozart that fit the movie, but they could not find anything to go with Kendig typing.
The operatic contrapunto adds a surreal air of ironic justice to the events as Madame Butterfly sings how she will hide from her husband.
David Matthau played the CIA agent Kendig takes prisoner after leaving Myerson's house and Saroyan the pilot who takes Kendig to Bermuda.
Most significant are the endings; in the novel, Kendig fakes his own death using a recovered body from a Paris street and includes all copies of his expose's manuscript, ensuring it will never actually be published.
In the film his escape airplane explodes in mid-air just as it heads over the English Channel and no body is recovered, and his expose is successfully published to great success.
The von Schoenenberg character provides a romantic interest/old flame for Kendig in the film, while in the novel, he has feelings for a hired pilot, which proves to him that he will find a new life outside of spycraft.
He was the grandfather of American lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II and the father of theater manager William Hammerstein and American producer Arthur Hammerstein.
Oscar Hammerstein I was born in Stettin (capital of the province of Pomerania), Kingdom of Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland), to German Jewish parents Abraham and Berthe Hammerstein.
During his youth, Hammerstein's father wanted him to continue with his education and to specialize in subjects such as algebra, but Hammerstein wanted to pursue music.
After Oscar went skating in a park one day, his father found out and whipped him as punishment, goading Hammerstein to flee his family.
With the proceeds from the sale of his violin, Hammerstein purchased a ticket to Liverpool, from which he departed on a three-month-long cruise to the United States, arriving in New York City in 1864.
Hammerstein would eventually become the owner of at least 80 patents, with most of them being related to the machines he made for the cigar-making process.
Hammerstein's best-known contribution to the cigar-making process was adding an air-suctioning component to cigar rollers, enabling them to hold down tobacco leaves more firmly so the leaves could be cut more cleanly.
Nine years later, Longacre Square was renamed Times Square, and the area had become, through his efforts, a thriving theater district.
In 1906, Hammerstein, dissatisfied with the Metropolitan Opera's productions, opened an eighth theater, his second Manhattan Opera House, to directly (and successfully) compete with it.
Since the star soprano Nellie Melba was disenchanted with the Metropolitan, she deserted it for Hammerstein's company, rescuing it financially with a successful season.
In the end, Hammerstein's high-quality productions were ultimately too expensive to sustain, and by his fourth opera season, he was going bankrupt.
Hammerstein's son Arthur negotiated a payment of $1.2 million from the Metropolitan in exchange for an agreement not to produce grand opera in the United States for 10 years.
With this money, Hammerstein built his tenth theater, the London Opera House, in London, where he again entered competition with an established opera house, Covent Garden's Royal Opera House.
During a trip to Paris, a special cable was sent to him out of curiosity asking whether he wanted to quit opera in New York, given that during his 1909/1910 opera seasons in New York and Philadelphia, Hammerstein had failed in successfully maintaining audiences in his two venues in each city.
Melvina's parents, Henrietta and Simon Jacobi, were Jews from Bavaria (possibly Grunstadt) who settled in New Orleans, Louisiana and, later, Montgomery, Alabama.
Late in his career, Hammerstein experienced numerous legal setbacks, most of them pertaining to ownership of his opera houses, which he endured stoically.
One of his more infamous accusations was from a Frances Lee, an opera singer, who accused him of preventing her from singing in the Manhattan Opera House after one performance.
Hammerstein had given his two daughters, Stella and Rose Hammerstein, $200 a week for financial support after the death of his first wife.
The payments were given to them by the Equitable Trust Company securely in exchange for stock shares in Hammerstein's Victoria Theatre.
His contractual ban on presenting opera was due to expire in 1920; at his death he was busy planning his return to the opera stage.
Emma Hammerstein would go to court claiming ownership through Hammerstein Opera Company stock, but the stocks were found to be null and void by the judge.
Willie managed Oscar's Victoria Theatre, and Willie's son Oscar Hammerstein II was one of Broadway's most influential lyricists and bookwriters, as well as a director and producer.
Gerda Balder was a Jew who, together with her mother and her son from her first marriage, survived the Theresienstadt concentration camp.
In 1985 he switched to the ensemble of the Düsseldorf cabaret Kom(m)ödchen, where he collaborated with Lore Lorentz and Harald Schmidt.
His first roles as a show host were in various radio shows at Radio Luxembourg, until in 1984 he began to appear regularly on TV (RTL).
Spanish nobles are persons who possess the legal status of hereditary nobility according to the laws and traditions of the Spanish monarchy and those who hold personal nobility as bestowed by one of the three highest orders of knighthood of the Kingdom, namely the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic.
Some nobles possess various titles that may be inherited, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally a prerogative of the King of Spain.
Despite accession to Spain's throne of Juan Carlos I in 1975, the court of nobles holding positions and offices attached to the Royal Household was not restored.
King Juan Carlos resumed conferral of titles to recognize those whose public service, artistic endeavour, personal achievement, philanthropy, etc., are deemed to have benefitted the Spanish nation.
As of 2019, there are approximately 2,237 nobles in Spain and 400 Grandes de España, with 3,200 total titles of Spanish nobility.
Many are active in the worlds of business, finance, and technology, with some taking on leadership roles in major IBEX 35 companies, some of Spain's largest companies.
Examples include the president of FCC, Esther Alcocer Koplowitz, 9th Marchioness of Casa Peñalver, or Alfonso Martínez de Irujo Fitz-James Stuart, Duke of Híjar and Count of Aranda, president of IE Law School in Madrid.
In Spain today, the possession of a title of nobility does not imply any legal or fiscal privilege; On the contrary, the possession of titles of nobility is subject to the payment of their corresponding tax.
The last privilege, suppressed in 1984, was the right to a diplomatic passport by the grandees of Spain (Grandes de España).
With the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, the use of noble titles was abolished by way of Decree of 1 June 1931, ratified by Law of 30 December of the same year.
In 1948, legal recognition of the usage of noble titles was provided for by Law of 4 May 1948 restoring the rules as they were before 14 April 1931.
At present, titles of nobility find their legal basis in article 62, section f, of the 1978 constitution, which grants the prerogative of the king to grant honors and distinctions in accordance with the laws.
The Spanish nobility titles are in no case susceptible of purchase or sale, since their succession is strictly reserved for blood relatives of better right of the first holder of the title.
In the past, grandees were divided into first, second, and third classes, but this division has ceased to be relevant in practice while remaining a titular distinction; legally all grandees enjoy the same privileges in modern times.
Excepting dukes and some very ancient titles of marquesses and counts, most Spanish titles of nobility are not attached to grandeeships.
A grandee of any rank outranks a non-grandee, even if that non-grandee's title is of a higher degree, with the exception of official members of the Spanish Royal Family who may in fact hold no title at all.
Some notable titles, which are attached to grandeeships, are: Duke of Alba, Duke of Medinaceli, Duke of Osuna, Duke of Infantado, Duke of Albuquerque, Duke of Nájera, Duke of Frías and Duke of Medina Sidonia, Marquess of Aguilar de Campoo, Marquess of Astorga, Marquess of Santillana, Marquess of Los Vélez, Count of Benavente, Count of Lerín, Count of Olivares, Count of Oñate, and Count of Lemos.
Nobility descends from the first man of a family who was raised to the nobility (or recognized as belonging to the hereditary nobility) to all his legitimate descendants, male and female, in the male line.
Hereditary titles formerly descended by male-preference primogeniture, a woman being eligible to inherit only if she had no brother or if her brothers also inherited titles.
However, by Spanish law, all hereditary titles descend by absolute primogeniture, gender no longer being a criterion for preference in inheritance, since 2005.
Prince/Princess are English translations of Infante/Infanta, referring to the son or daughter of a king; such titles are reserved for members of the royal family (the heir to the throne or the consort of the Queen regnant).
Other titles of 'prince' were frequently granted by the kings of Spain, but usually in their capacity as kings of Naples or of Sicily.
Such nobles often sojourned at the Spanish court where their titles were acknowledged, but rarely were Spanish nobles the recipients of a title of prince in Spain.
Although legislation of the twentieth century ended official recognition of the title of prince outside the royal bloodline family, it did allow the holder of a princedom to have the dignity converted to a ducal title of the same name.
Baronies did not exist in the Kingdom of Castile nor the Kingdom of Navarre, and the subsequent kings of Spain did not confer any baronies attached to Castilian or Navarrese estates.
Although some lordships were created by the kings of Spain, others existed before them and have not been created by any known king.
For example, the Señor of Biscay held a great degree of independence from the king of Castile, to whom he could pledge or not pledge feudal allegiance, but of whom he was not automatically a vassal: each new lord of Biscay had to renew his oath to the king.
The body includes eight grandees, eight nobles who are not grandees, and a president who must hold both a grandeeship and a hereditary title unattached to a grandeeship.
Following the death of a noble, the senior heir may petition the sovereign through the Spanish Ministry of Justice for permission to use the title.
If the senior heir does not make a petition within two years, then other potential heirs may do so on their own behalf.
There is a limit of forty years from the vacancy by death or relinquishment of a title within which that title may be claimed and revived by an heir.
The petitioner must demonstrate that he or she is a child, grandchild or direct male line descendant of a noble (whether a grandee or not), or that he or she belongs to certain bodies or orders of chivalry deemed noble, or that the father's family is recognized as noble.
The amount of fees due depend on whether the title is attached to a grandeeship or not, and on whether the heir is a direct descendant or a collateral kinsman of the previous holder.
Normally, this process is used to allow younger children to succeed to lesser titles, while the highest or principal title goes to the senior heir.
The late Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (1926–2014) holds the Guinness World Record for number of titles with over 50 titles.
Before her death, she ceded some of her titles to each of her six children; otherwise, all but the eldest would have been excluded from succession.
From the beginning of his reign in November 1975, King Juan Carlos created new titles for about 51 people (as of April 2011), among others recognizing the merits of politicians and artists.
This is a list of software patents, which contains notable patents and patent applications involving computer programs (also known as a software patent).
Software patents cover a wide range of topics and there is therefore important debate about whether such subject-matter should be excluded from patent protection.
However, there is no official way of identifying software patents and different researchers have devised their own ways of doing so.
This article lists patents relating to software which have been the subject of litigation or have achieved notoriety in other ways.
The patents and patent applications are categorised according to the subject matter of the patent or the particular field in which the patent had an effect that brought it into the public view.
In addition to its free-to-air standard definition feed, Sat.1 also broadcasts an HD feed as a subscription-only channel, available on Astra's HD+ satellite pay-TV platform.
Count Jan Potocki (; 8 March 1761 – 23 December 1815) was a Polish nobleman, Polish Army Captain of Engineers, ethnologist, Egyptologist, linguist, traveler, adventurer, and popular author of the Enlightenment period, whose life and exploits made him a legendary figure in his homeland.
He was educated in Geneva and Lausanne, served twice in the Polish Army as a captain of engineers, and spent some time on a galley as novice to the Knights of Malta.
His colorful life took him across Europe, Asia and North Africa, where he embroiled himself in political intrigues, flirted with secret societies and contributed to the birth of ethnology – he was one of the first to study the precursors of the Slavic peoples from a linguistic and historical standpoint.
In 1790 he became the first person in Poland to fly in a hot air balloon when he made an ascent over Warsaw with the aeronaut Jean-Pierre Blanchard, an exploit that earned him great public acclaim.
He spent some time in France, and upon his return to Poland, he became a known publicist, publishing newspapers and pamphlets, in which he argued for various reforms.
His relation with the King Stanisław II August was thorny, as Potocki, while often supportive of the King, on occasion did not shy from his critique.
Potocki's wealth enabled him to travel extensively about Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia, visiting Italy, Sicily, Malta, the Netherlands, Germany, France, England, Russia, Turkey, Dalmatia, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Spain, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, and even Mongolia.
He was also one of the first travel writers of the modern era, penning lively accounts of many of his journeys, during which he also undertook extensive historical, linguistic, and ethnographic studies.
Believing he was becoming a werewolf, Potocki committed suicide by fatally shooting himself with a silver bullet that he had had blessed by his village priest in December 1815, at the age of 54.
The book's title is explained in the foreword, which is narrated by an unnamed French officer who describes his fortuitous discovery of an intriguing Spanish manuscript during the sack of Zaragoza in 1809, in the course of the Napoleonic Wars.
Soon after, the French officer is captured by the Spanish and stripped of his possessions; but a Spanish officer recognizes the manuscript's importance, and during the French officer's captivity the Spaniard translates it for him into French.
There, over a period of sixty-six days, he encounters a varied group of characters, including Muslim princesses, Gypsies, outlaws, and cabbalists, who tell him an intertwining series of bizarre, amusing, and fantastic tales which he records in his diary.
The sixty-six stories cover a wide range of themes, subjects, and styles, including gothic horror, picaresque adventures, and comic, erotic, and moral tales.
The stories reflect Potocki's interest in secret societies, the supernatural, and oriental cultures, and they are illustrated with his detailed observations of 18th-century European manners and customs, particularly those of upper-class Spanish society.
Many of the locations described in the tales are real places and regions which Potocki would have visited during his travels, while others are fictionalized accounts of actual places.
While there is still some dispute about the novel's authorship, it is now generally accepted to have indeed been written by Potocki.
He began writing it in the 1790s and completed it in 1814, a year before his death, though the novel's structure is thought to have been fully mapped out by 1805.
A third publication, combining both earlier extracts, was issued in 1814, but it appears that at the time of his death Potocki had not yet decided on the novel's final form.
Sections of the original manuscripts were later lost, but have survived in a Polish translation that was made in 1847 by Edmund Chojecki from a complete French copy, now lost.
The most recent and complete French-language version, edited by François Rosset and Dominique Triaire, was published in 2006 in Leuven, Belgium, as part of a critical scholarly edition of the complete works of Potocki.
They identified two versions of the novel: one unfinished, of 1804, published in 1805, and the full version of 1810, which appears to have been completely reconceived in comparison to the 1804 version.
In view of the differences between the two versions, the 1804 and 1810 versions have been published as two separate books; paperback editions were issued in early 2008 by Flammarion.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF 3), is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream.
Functionally, it is a cytokine and hormone, a type of colony-stimulating factor, and is produced by a number of different tissues.
The more-abundant and more-active 174-amino acid form has been used in the development of pharmaceutical products by recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.
found that the GCSF gene has 4 introns, and that 2 different polypeptides are synthesized from the same gene by differential splicing of mRNA.
It is thought that stability of the G-CSF mRNA is regulated by an RNA element called the G-CSF factor stem-loop destabilising element.
In oncology and hematology, a recombinant form of G-CSF is used with certain cancer patients to accelerate recovery and reduce mortality from neutropenia after chemotherapy, allowing higher-intensity treatment regimens.
A QSP model of neutrophil production and a PK/PD model of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug (Zalypsis) have been developed to optimize the use of G-CSF in chemotherapy regimens with the aim to prevent mild-neutropenia.
Following a return to baseline after stopping the drug, it may sometimes be safely rechallenged with the added use of G-CSF.
G-CSF is also used to increase the number of hematopoietic stem cells in the blood of the donor before collection by leukapheresis for use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
For this purpose, G-CSF appears to be safe in pregnancy during implantation as well as during the second and third trimesters.
Mouse granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was first recognised and purified in Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Australia in 1983, and the human form was cloned by groups from Japan and Germany/United States in 1986.
No clinical or therapeutic consequences of the differences between filgrastim and lenograstim have yet been identified, but there are no formal comparative studies.
G-CSF when given early after exposure to radiation may improve white blood cell counts, and is stockpiled for use in radiation incidents.
Mesoblast planned in 2004 to use G-CSF to treat heart degeneration by injecting it into the blood-stream, plus SDF (stromal cell-derived factor) directly to the heart.
G-CSF has been shown to reduce inflammation, reduce amyloid beta burden, and reverse cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Due to its neuroprotective properties, G-CSF is currently under investigation for cerebral ischemia in a clinical phase IIb and several clinical pilot studies are published for other neurological disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis A combination of human G-CSF and cord blood cells has been shown to reduce impairment from chronic traumatic brain injury in rats.
Sundaland (also called the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower.
It includes the Malay Peninsula on the Asian mainland, as well as the large islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra and their surrounding small islands.
The area of Sundaland encompasses the Sunda Shelf, a tectonically stable extension of Southeast Asia's continental shelf that was exposed during glacial periods of the last 2 million years.
In addition to the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra, it includes the Java Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and portions of the South China Sea.
In total, the area of Sundaland is approximately 1,800,000 km, The area of exposed land in Sundaland has fluctuated considerably during the past recent 2 million years; the modern land area is approximately half of the maximum extent.
The eastern boundary of Sundaland is the Wallace Line, identified by Alfred Russel Wallace as the eastern boundary of the range of Asia's land mammal fauna, and thus the boundary of the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones.
The islands east of the Wallace line are known as Wallacea, a separate biogeographical region that is considered part of Australasia.
The northern border of Sundaland is more difficult to define in bathymetric terms; a phytogeographic transition at approximately 9ºN is considered to be the northern boundary.
When sea level was decreased by 30–40 meters or more, land bridges connected the islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula and mainland Asia.
Because sea level has been 30 meters or more lower throughout much of the last 800,000 years, the current state of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra as islands has been a relatively rare occurrence throughout the Pleistocene.
In contrast, sea level was higher during the late Pliocene, and the exposed area of Sundaland was smaller than what is observed at present.
Most of Sundaland is classified as perhumid, or everwet, with over 2,000 millimeters of rain annually; rainfall exceeds evapotranspiration throughout the year and there are no predictable dry seasons like elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
The warm and shallow seas of the Sunda Shelf (averaging 28 °C or more) are part of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool/Western Pacific Warm Pool and an important driver of the Hadley circulation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), particularly in January when it is a major heat source to the atmosphere.
ENSO also has a major influence on the climate of Sundaland; strong positive ENSO events result in droughts throughout Sundaland and tropical Asia.
The high rainfall supports closed canopy evergreen forests throughout the islands of Sundaland, transitioning to deciduous forest and savanna woodland with increasing latitude.
Remaining primary (unlogged) lowland forest is known for giant dipterocarp trees and orangutans; after logging, forest structure and community composition change to be dominated by shade intolerant trees and shrubs.
Botanists often include Sundaland, the adjacent Philippines, Wallacea and New Guinea in a single floristic province of Malesia, based on similarities in their flora, which is predominantly of Asian origin.
As a result, the modern islands of Sundaland are home to many Asian mammals including elephants, monkeys, apes, tigers, tapirs, and rhinoceros.
The fish is now found in the Kapuas River on the island of Borneo, and in the Musi and Batanghari rivers in Sumatra.
Selective pressure (in some cases resulting in extinction) has operated differently on each of the islands of Sundaland, and as a consequence, a different assemblage of mammals is found on each island.
However, the current species assemblage on each island is not simply a subset of a universal Sundaland or Asian fauna, as the species that inhabited Sundaland before flooding did not all have ranges encompassing the entire Sunda Shelf.
Island area and number of terrestrial mammal species are positively correlated, with the largest islands of Sundaland (Borneo and Sumatra) having the highest diversity.
In 1921 Gustaaf Molengraff, a Dutch geologist, postulated that the nearly uniform sea depths of the shelf indicated an ancient peneplain that was the result of repeated flooding events as ice caps melted, with the peneplain becoming more perfect with each successive flooding event.
The ancient drainage systems described by Molengraff were verified and mapped by Tjia in 1980 and described in greater detail by Emmel and Curray in 1982 complete with river deltas, floodplains and backswamps.
Perhumid climate has existed in Sundaland since the early Miocene; though there is evidence for several periods of drier conditions, a perhumid core persisted in Borneo.
The presence of fossil coral reefs dating to the late Miocene and early Pliocene suggests that, as the Indian monsoon grew more intense, seasonality increased in some portions of Sundaland during these epochs.
Palynological evidence from Sumatra suggests that temperatures were cooler during the late Pleistocene; mean annual temperatures at high elevation sites may have been as much as 5 °C cooler than present.
Snow was found much lower than at present (approximately 1,000 meters lower) and there is evidence that glaciers existed on Borneo and Sumatra around 10,000 years before present.
Some authors argue that rainfall decreased with the area of ocean available for evaporation as sea levels fell with ice sheet expansion.
Others posit that changes in precipitation have been minimal and an increase in land area in the Sunda Shelf alone (due to lowered sea level) is not enough to decrease precipitation in the region.
One possible explanation for the lack of agreement on hydrologic change throughout the Quaternary is that there was significant heterogeneity in climate during the Last Glacial Maximum throughout Indonesia.
Some authors working primarily with pollen records have also noted the difficulties of using vegetation records to detect changes in precipitation regimes in such a humid environment, as water is not a limiting factor in community assemblage.
Sundaland, and in particular Borneo, has been an evolutionary hotspot for biodiversity since the early Miocene due to repeated immigration and vicariance events.
The modern islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra have served as refugia for the flora and fauna of Sundaland during multiple glacial periods in the last million years, and are serving the same role at present.
There are two opposing theories about the vegetation of Sundaland, particularly during the last glacial period: (1) that there was a continuous savanna corridor connecting modern mainland Asia to the islands of Java and Borneo, and (2) that the vegetation of Sundaland was instead dominated by tropical rainforest, with only small, discontinuous patches of savanna vegetation.
The presence of a savanna corridor—even if fragmented—would have allowed for savanna-dwelling fauna (as well as early humans) to disperse between Sundaland and the Indochinese biogeographic region; emergence of a savanna corridor during glacial periods and subsequent disappearance during interglacial periods would have facilitated speciation through both vicariance (allopatric speciation) and geodispersal.
Morley and Flenley (1987) and Heaney (1991) were the first to postulate the existence of a continuous corridor of savanna vegetation through the center of Sundaland (from the modern Malaysian Peninsula to Borneo) during the last glacial period, based on palynological evidence.
Using the modern distribution of primates, termites, rodents, and other species, other researchers infer that the extent of tropical forest contracted—replaced by savanna and open forest —during the last glacial period.
(2005) noted that although no single model predicts a continuous savanna corridor through Sundaland, many do predict open vegetation between modern Java and southern Borneo.
Combined with other evidence, they suggest that a 50–150 kilometer wide savanna corridor ran down the Malaysian Peninsula, through Sumatra and Java, and across to Borneo.
(2010) analyzed stable carbon isotope composition in bat guano deposits in Sundaland and found strong evidence for the expansion of savanna in Sundaland.
Others have observed that the submerged rivers of the Sunda Shelf have obvious, incised meanders, which would have been maintained by trees on river banks.
Pollen records from sediment cores around Sundaland are contradictory; for example, cores from highland sites suggest that forest cover persisted throughout the last glacial period, but other cores from the region show pollen from savanna-woodland species increasing through glacial periods.
(2017) again used stable carbon isotope analysis of bat guano, but found that at some sites rainforest cover was maintained through much of the last glacial period.
Soil type, rather than long-term existence of a savanna corridor, has also been posited as an explanation for species distribution differences within Sundaland; Slik et al.
Later fauna included tigers, Sumatran rhinoceros, and Indian elephant, which were found throughout Sundaland; smaller animals were also able to disperse across the region.
According to the most widely accepted theory, the ancestors of the modern-day Austronesian populations of the Malay archipelago and adjacent regions are believed to have migrated southward, from the East Asia mainland to Taiwan, and then to the rest of Maritime Southeast Asia.
The Out of Taiwan model (though not necessarily the Express Train Out of Taiwan model) is accepted by the vast majority of professional researchers.
Population dispersals seem to have occurred at the same time as sea levels rose, which may have resulted in migrations from the Philippine Islands to as far north as Taiwan within the last 10,000 years.
The population migrations were most likely to have been driven by climate change — the effects of the drowning of an ancient continent.
Rising sea levels in three massive pulses may have caused flooding and the submerging of the Sunda continent, creating the Java and South China Seas and the thousands of islands that make up Indonesia and the Philippines today.
The changing sea levels would have caused these humans to move away from their coastal homes and culture, and farther inland throughout southeast Asia.
This forced migration would have caused these humans to adapt to the new forest and mountainous environments, developing farms and domestication, and becoming the predecessors to future human populations in these regions.
Although the Chinese population is very large, it has less variation than the smaller number of individuals living in Southeast Asia, because the Chinese expansion occurred very recently, within only the last 2,000 to 3,000 years.
Genetic research reported in 2008 indicates that the islands which are the remnants of Sundaland were likely populated as early as 50,000 years ago, contrary to a previous hypothesis {Bellwood and Dizon 2005} that they were populated as late as 10,000 years ago from Taiwan.
From the standpoint of historical linguistics, the home of the Austronesian languages is the main island of Taiwan, also known by its unofficial Portuguese name of Formosa; on this island the deepest divisions in Austronesian are found, among the families of the native Formosan languages.
Hence, the views expressed in Kirkpatrick's essay influenced the foreign policy of the Reagan administration, particularly with regard to Latin America.
Kirkpatrick argued that by demanding rapid liberalization in traditionally autocratic countries, the Carter administration and previous administrations had delivered those countries to anti-American opposition groups that proved more repressive than the governments they overthrew.
Kirkpatrick concluded that while the United States should encourage liberalization and democracy in autocratic countries, it should not do so when the government is facing violent overthrow and should expect gradual change rather than immediate transformation.
Kahn argued that the Polish labor-union Solidarity deserved United States support and even in its first years demonstrated that civil society could expand and that free labor unions could be organized despite Communist regimes.
Ted Galen Carpenter of the Cato Institute noted that while Communist movements tend to depose rival authoritarians, the traditional authoritarian regimes supported by the United States came to power by overthrowing democracies.
Sir William Arthur Lewis (23 January 1915 – 15 June 1991) was an economist well known for his contributions in the field of economic development.
Arthur Lewis was born in Castries, Saint Lucia, then still part of the British Windward Islands federal colony, as the fourth of five children of George and Ida Lewis.
After finishing school at the age of 14, Lewis worked as a clerk, while waiting to take his university entrance exam.
During this time he became friends with Eric Williams, the future first prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago, and the two remained lifelong friends.
He made the eventual switch to economics because the governments and companies of British Colonies, such as St. Lucia, refused to hire blacks.
Not only was this an opportunity for Lewis to study at perhaps the most prestigious University for Economics in the world, but he would also be the first black individual to ever gain acceptance at LSE.
While at LSE, Lewis had the opportunity to study under the likes of John Hicks, Arnold Plant, Lionel Robbins, and Friedrich Hayek.
After gaining his Bachelor of Science degree in 1937 and a Ph.D. degree in 1940 at the London School of Economics (LSE) under supervision of Arnold Plant, Lewis worked as a member of the staff at the LSE until 1948.
During this period, he developed some of his most important concepts about the patterns of capital and wages in developing countries.
He particularly became known for his contributions to development economics, of great interest as former colonies began to gain independence from European nations.
In 1970 Lewis also was selected as the first president of the Caribbean Development Bank, serving in that capacity until 1973.
He was survived by his wife, Gladys Jacobs, Lady Lewis of Barbados and Princeton, NJ; two daughters, Elizabeth Lewis of Cranbury, NJ, and Barbara Virgil of Brooklyn; and four brothers: Stanley Lewis of Ghana, Earl Lewis of Trinidad, Allen Montgomery Lewis, a former Governor General of St Lucia, and Victor Lewis of St Lucia.
Lewis combined an analysis of the historical experience of developed countries with the central ideas of the classical economists to produce a broad picture of the development process.
The subsistence sector is governed by informal institutions and social norms so that producers do not maximise profits and workers can be paid above their marginal product.
Given the assumptions of the model (for example, that the profits are reinvested and that capital accumulation does not substitute for skilled labour in production), the process becomes self-sustaining and leads to modernization and economic development.
The point at which the excess labour in the subsistence sector is fully absorbed into the modern sector, and where further capital accumulation begins to increase wages, is sometimes called the Lewisian turning point.
It wouldn’t be until an economic enlightenment would take place cities began to shift towards factories and labor intensive methods of production as they experienced giant shifts in the labor and agriculture markets.
Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature.
The immediate effect on critics was modest, but it became and remains a landmark, changing the course of English literature and poetry.
A second edition was published in 1800, in which Wordsworth included additional poems and a preface detailing the pair's avowed poetical principles.
Wordsworth and Coleridge set out to overturn what they considered the priggish, learned, and highly sculpted forms of 18th-century English poetry and to make poetry accessible to the average person via verse written in common, everyday language.
They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purpose of poetic pleasure.
Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm.
They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN, PML, or PMNL) because of the varying shapes of the nucleus, which is usually lobed into three segments.
Except for the mast cells, their names are derived from their staining characteristics; for example, the most abundant granulocyte is the neutrophil granulocyte, which has neutrally staining cytoplasmic granules.
Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, constituting 60% to 65% of the total circulating white blood cells, and consisting of two subpopulations: neutrophil-killers and neutrophil-cagers.
Once neutrophils have received the appropriate signals, it takes them about thirty minutes to leave the blood and reach the site of an infection.
Mature neutrophils are smaller than monocytes, and have a segmented nucleus with several sections(two to five segments); each section is connected by chromatin filaments.
Neutrophils do not normally exit the bone marrow until maturity, but during an infection neutrophil precursors called myelocytes and promyelocytes are released.
Neutrophils have three strategies for directly attacking micro-organisms: phagocytosis (ingestion), release of soluble anti-microbials (including granule proteins), and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
Neutrophils are professional phagocytes: they are ferocious eaters and rapidly engulf invaders coated with antibodies and complement, as well as damaged cells or cellular debris.
Neutrophils can secrete products that stimulate monocytes and macrophages; these secretions increase phagocytosis and the formation of reactive oxygen compounds involved in intracellular killing.
Neutrophils have two types of granules; primary (azurophilic) granules (found in young cells) and secondary (specific) granules (which are found in more mature cells).
Primary granules contain cationic proteins and defensins that are used to kill bacteria, proteolytic enzymes and cathepsin G to break down (bacterial) proteins, lysozyme to break down bacterial cell walls, and myeloperoxidase (used to generate toxic bacteria-killing substances).
The secondary granules contain compounds that are involved in the formation of toxic oxygen compounds, lysozyme, and lactoferrin (used to take essential iron from bacteria).
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) comprise a web of fibers composed of chromatin and serine proteases that trap and kill microbes extracellularly.
The number of granules in an eosinophil can vary because they have a tendency to degranulate while in the blood stream.
Eosinophils play a crucial part in the killing of parasites (e.g., enteric nematodes) because their granules contain a unique, toxic basic protein and cationic protein (e.g., cathepsin); receptors that bind to IgE are used to help with this task.
These cells also have a limited ability to participate in phagocytosis, they are professional antigen-presenting cells, they regulate other immune cell functions (e.g., CD4+ T cell, dendritic cell, B cell, mast cell, neutrophil, and basophil functions), they are involved in the destruction of tumor cells, and they promote the repair of damaged tissue.
A polypeptide called interleukin-5 interacts with eosinophils and causes them to grow and differentiate; this polypeptide is produced by basophils and by T-helper 2 cells (TH2).
Basophils are one of the least abundant cells in bone marrow and blood (occurring at less than two percent of all cells).
Like neutrophils and eosinophils, they have lobed nuclei; however, they have only two lobes, and the chromatin filaments that connect them are not very visible.
The cytoplasm of basophils contains a varied amount of granules; these granules are usually numerous enough to partially conceal the nucleus.
Injured basophils and other leukocytes will release another substance called prostaglandins that contributes to an increased blood flow to the site of infection.
Both of these mechanisms allow blood-clotting elements to be delivered to the infected area (this begins the recovery process and blocks the travel of microbes to other parts of the body).
Increased permeability of the inflamed tissue also allows for more phagocyte migration to the site of infection so that they can consume microbes.
Mast cells are a type of granulocyte that are present in tissues; they mediate host defense against pathogens (e.g., parasites) and allergic reactions, particularly anaphylaxis.
Granulocytes live only one to two days in circulation (four days in spleen or other tissue), so transfusion of granulocytes as a therapeutic strategy would confer a very short-lasting benefit.
Often, the word refers to an increased neutrophil granulocyte count (neutrophilia), but granulocytosis formally refers to the combination of neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and basophilia.
His parents were Danube Swabians, German pioneers whose ancestors settled in parts of eastern Europe that would later be known as Hungary and Yugoslavia.
Klees sat on the board of the controversial Universal Energy Corporation, a natural gas and electricity retailer which has been fined by the Ontario Energy Board on several occasions and frequently criticised by its own customers as being a scam.
Klees ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1975 provincial election, losing to Liberal Remo Mancini in the southwestern riding of Essex South.
On June 17, 1999 he was appointed to the cabinet of Premier Mike Harris as Chief Government Whip, Deputy House Leader and Minister without Portfolio.
In 2000, Klees was preparing to run as a candidate for the leadership of the new Canadian Alliance, but withdrew because one of his key financial backers insisted on a last-minute deal to make a significant funding commitment conditional on Klees throwing his support to one of the other candidates on the second ballot.
After returning to the backbenches for a year, he was reappointed to cabinet on October 3, 2002 as Minister of Tourism under Harris' successor, Ernie Eves.
On February 25, 2003, he became Minister of Transportation, and served in that position until the defeat of the Eves government in the October 2003 election.
Klees was re-elected in 2003, and was a candidate in the 2004 Ontario Progressive Conservative leadership election which took place on September 18, 2004.
He was endorsed by Tory MPPs Jerry Ouellette, Ted Chudleigh and Bill Murdoch, and groups such as the Conservative Youth Coalition.
Other key issues of his campaign were school choice, physical education in the school system, OHIP statements, and foreign-trained doctors applying for employment.
Klees increased his profile during the campaign, and became the Critic for Education and Citizenship & Immigration in the Legislature as well as a member of the Justice Committee.
The single biggest campaign contribution of $32,000 was made by OPTUS Capital Corporation, owned by Universal Energy Corporation's founder and CEO Mark Silver.
After the 2011 general election Klees requested the post of deputy party leader, presently held by Whitby-Oshawa MPP Christine Elliott, but Tim Hudak instead offered the shadow cabinet role of transportation critic along with ethnic outreach in the PC party's shadow cabinet, which Klees turned down.
On October 25, 2011, Klees announced that he would run for Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, in defiance of the opposition party leaders who had earlier ordered their members not to contest the Speakership.
The minority Liberal government was one seat short of forming a majority and if Klees had been elected Speaker, he would have given the government a working majority as the speaker usually votes with the government in motions of non-confidence.
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling or cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells.
Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to cell signaling by endocrine factors, hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system; juxtacrine interactions; and autocrine signaling.
Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways.
In fact, different organs in the body - even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development.
The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily.
In order for paracrine factors to successfully induce a response in the receiving cell, that cell must have the appropriate receptors available on the cell membrane to receive the signals, also known as being competent.
Although the FGF family of paracrine factors has a broad range of functions, major findings support the idea that they primarily stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
To fulfill many diverse functions, FGFs can be alternatively spliced or even have different initiation codons to create hundreds of different FGF isoforms.
This dimerizes the transmembrane receptor to another RTK receptor, which causes the autophosphorylation and subsequent conformational change of the homodimerized receptor.
Due to the fact that the receptor spans across the membrane from the extracellular environment, through the lipid bilayer, and into the cytoplasm, the binding of the receptor to the ligand also causes the trans phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor.
This protein functions as a bridge which connects the RTK to an intermediate protein (such as GNRP), starting the intracellular signaling cascade.
Activation of Ras has the potential to initiate three signaling pathways downstream of Ras: Ras→Raf→MAP kinase pathway, PI3 kinase pathway, and Ral pathway.
The Kit proto-oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligand is a paracrine protein called stem cell factor (SCF), which is important in hematopoiesis (formation of cells in blood).
Mutant forms of the Kit receptor, which fire constitutively in a ligand-independent fashion, are found in a diverse array of cancerous malignancies.
Effectively, multiple bindings of ligands to the RTK receptors overstimulates the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, which overexpresses the mitogenic and invasive capacity of cells.
Instead of carrying covalently associated tyrosine kinase domains, Jak-STAT receptors form noncovalent complexes with tyrosine kinases of the Jak (Janus kinase) class.
These receptors bind are for erythropoietin (important for erythropoiesis), thrombopoietin (important for platelet formation), and interferon (important for mediating immune cell function).
The Jak-STAT pathway is instrumental in the development of limbs, specifically in its ability to regulate bone growth through paracrine signaling of cytokines.
This is due to a mutation in a Fgf gene, causing a premature and constitutive activation of the Stat1 transcription factor.
Paracrine signaling through the Jak-STAT pathway is necessary in the transition from stationary epithelial cells to mobile mesenchymal cells, which are capable of invading surrounding tissue.
The Hedgehog protein family is involved in induction of cell types and the creation of tissue boundaries and patterning and are found in all bilateral organisms.
Hedgehog proteins produce key signals for the establishment of limb and body plan of fruit flies as well as homeostasis of adult tissues, involved in late embryogenesis and metamorphosis.
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) has various roles in vertebrae development, mediating signaling and regulating the organization of central nervous system, limb, and somite polarity.
In this conformation, the Ci protein is cleaved so that a portion of the protein is allowed to enter the nucleus and act as a transcriptional repressor.
This intact Ci protein can enter the nucleus, associate with CPB protein and act as a transcriptional activator, inducing the expression of Hedgehog-response genes.
This uncontrolled activation of the Hedgehog proteins can be caused by mutations to the signal pathway, which would be ligand independent, or a mutation that causes overexpression of the Hedgehog protein, which would be ligand dependent.
In addition, therapy-induced Hedgehog pathway activation has been shown to be necessary for progression of Prostate Cancer tumors after androgen deprivation therapy.
This connection between the Hedgehog signaling pathway and human cancers may provide for the possible of therapeutic intervention as treatment for such cancers.
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is also involved in normal regulation of stem-cell populations, and required for normal growth and regeneration of damaged organs.
The Wnt proteins activate signal transduction cascades via three different pathways, the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca pathway.
Wnt proteins appear to control a wide range of developmental processes and have been seen as necessary for control of spindle orientation, cell polarity, cadherin mediated adhesion, and early development of embryos in many different organisms.
Current research has indicated that deregulation of Wnt signaling plays a role in tumor formation, because at a cellular level, Wnt proteins often regulated cell proliferation, cell morphology, cell motility, and cell fate.
In the nucleus β-catenin associates with Lef/Tcf transcription factor, which is already working on DNA as a repressor, inhibiting the transcription of the genes it binds.
Once again Wnt proteins binds to and activates Frizzled so that Frizzled activates a Dishevelled protein that is tethered to the plasma membrane through a Prickle protein and transmembrane Stbm protein.
In this case however activated Frizzled causes a coupled G-protein to activate a phospholipase (PLC), which interacts with and splits PIP into DAG and IP.
IP can then bind to a receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum to release intracellular calcium stores, to induce calcium-dependent gene expression.
The Wnt signaling pathways are critical in cell-cell signaling during normal development and embryogenesis and required for maintenance of adult tissue, therefore it is not difficult to understand why disruption in Wnt signaling pathways can promote human degenerative disease and cancer.
Current research is focused on the action of the Wnt signaling pathway the regulation of stem cell choice to proliferate and self renew.
This action of Wnt signaling in the possible control and maintenance of stem cells, may provide a possible treatment in cancers exhibiting aberrant Wnt signaling.
Many developmental processes are under its control including gastrulation, axis symmetry of the body, organ morphogenesis, and tissue homeostasis in adults.
The R-SMAD/Co-SMAD forms a complex with importin and enters the nucleus, where they act as transcription factors and either up-regulate or down-regulate in the expression of a target gene.
For instance, when activin, Nodal, or TGF-β ligand binds to the receptors, the phosphorylated receptor complex can activate SMAD2 and SMAD3 through phosphorylation.
They are involved in positively and negatively regulation of cell division, the formation of the extracellular matrix between cells, apoptosis, and embryogenesis.
BMP4 promotes bone formation, causes cell death, or signals the formation of epidermis, depending on the tissue it is acting on.
Also, retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, functions in a paracrine fashion to regulate gene expression during embryonic development in higher animals.
In mature organisms, paracrine signaling is involved in responses to allergens, tissue repair, the formation of scar tissue, and blood clotting.
The name comes from the fact that he proposed the idea to his friends while dining at La Rôtisserie Française restaurant in New York City.
During the nine-part series, a red-sweater-wearing Okrent delivered a detailed analysis of the cultural aspects of the national pastime, including a comparison of the dramatic Game 6 of the 1975 World Series between the Boston Red Sox and Cincinnati Reds to the conflict and character development in Russian novels.
He believed that the advancement of digital technologies would make it easier for people to read newspapers, magazines and books online.
In late 1999, Okrent made a prediction about the future of print media in the Hearst New Media Lecture at the Graduate School of Journalism of Columbia University.
Blank was born and raised in Manhattan's Lower East Side, the youngest of three children of Jewish immigrants Charles and Gussie Blank.
In 1946 he returned home, where he completed his Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the City College of New York, financed by the G.I.
Blank worked as an engineer at Babcock & Wilcox in Barberton, Ohio from 1950 to 1951, making large steam boilers for the power industry.
He then moved to Goodyear Aircraft, where he worked from 1951 to 1952 on a wide variety of research and design projects including aircraft propulsion, air ship fabrics, parachutes, and submarines.
After their return, Blank found a job in manufacturing engineering at Western Electric in Kearny, New Jersey where he worked from 1952 to 1956.
One of the pieces of equipment involved was a card translator with an array of germanium photo transistors that routed calls in the switching system.
Blank also worked as a troubleshooter for a plating room, where he gained practical experience in metal finishing and the use of acids and chemicals.
Knapic was approached by William Shockley to form an engineering group at the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments, in California.
Shockley had a number of ideas about how to build a crystal grower so as to eliminate contamination from oxygen in the quartz, but the resulting equipment was elaborate and had several problems.
In August 1957 Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce and Sheldon Roberts reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation.
Julius Blank found the company's first home, a 14,000 square foot building at 844 Charleston Road, between Palo Alto and Mountain View.
In addition to mundane requirements like sewer and water, the work spaces required extra electrical power, air conditioning to afford some level of climate control during processing, and piping and venting of gases.
As they were readying the building itself, the founders were also ordering desks, lab benches and scientific equipment, and starting to build specialized equipment that they couldn't order: crystal growers, diffusion furnaces, vacuum evaporators, and optical lithography equipment for mask-making.
Much of the responsibility for learning how to mass-produce silicon chips, and building the machinery needed to do it, fell to Julius Blank and Eugene Kleiner as the only engineers in the group.
The incubator of Silicon Valley, Fairchild was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations such as AMD and Intel.
The company's NOVRAM computer chip, a type of non-volatile memory, was designed so that systems could retain and save data in the event of power failure.
In May, 2011, the California Historical Society in San Francisco gave the Legends of California Award to Blank, 85, and other founders of Fairchild Semiconductor.
In 2011, Blank lived in a retirement center across the street from the old Fairchild headquarters at 844 Charleston Road in Palo Alto, where he used to have his office.
The ancient and mysterious city is barely described and is viewed only in hindsight (after its destruction) by a character who once lived there.
The most precise description of its location is the shores of Lake Hali, in the star cluster Hyades, either on another planet, or in another universe.
The narrator of the story implies that the person named Hali is now dead (at least in the timeline of the story).
The Yellow Sign, described as a symbol, not of any human script, is supposed to originate from the same place as Carcosa.
Later writers, including H. P. Lovecraft and his many admirers, became great fans of Chambers' work and incorporated the name of Carcosa into their own stories, set in the Cthulhu Mythos.
Joseph S. Pulver has written nearly 30 tales and poems that are based on and/or include Carcosa, The King in Yellow, or other elements from Robert W. Chambers.
In David Drake's Lord of the Isles series, Carcosa is the name of the ancient capital of the old kingdom, which collapsed a thousand years before the events of the series.
Stirling's Emberverse series, Carcosa is the name of a South Pacific city inhabited by evil people led by the Yellow Raja and the Pallid Mask.
In Lawrence Watt-Evans's The Lords of Dûs series, a character known as the Forgotten King, who dresses in yellow rags, reveals that he was exiled from Carcosa.
Located in the back woods of Louisiana, the temple serves as a place of ritualistic sexual abuse of children and child murder organized by a group of wealthy Louisiana politicians and church leaders.
The main characters, Rust Cohle and Marty Hart, storm the temple in the final episode of the season, where they confront a serial killer, who is the most active member of the cult.
The series hints at a larger conspiracy which continues beyond the show, which is in line with Lovecraftian horror, as is a vision experienced by one character that underscores Lovecraftian themes like cosmic indifference.
In Part 3 of the Netflix original series The Chiilling Adventures of Sabrina, the barker of the traveling amusement park and carneval is named Carcosa, and the carneval in turn named, presumably, after him.
Throughout the season of the show, it becomes apparent that the workers at the carneval are all mythological beings of old, with Carcosa himself being the god Pan, his true form being that of a satyr, in the show understood to be the god of madness.
The arc of the season revolves partially around the attempts of the carneval workers to ressurect an older deity identified as The Green Man.
In the early 2000s, a Mysterious Package Company experience called The King in Yellow was introduced, heavily inspired by story and title.
Later, a sequel experience entitled was created, obviously connected to this shared universe, and connected to the original The King in Yellow.
Carcosa House was a science fiction specialty publishing firm formed in 1947 by Frederick B. Shroyer, a boyhood friend of T. E. Dikty, and two Los Angeles science fiction fans, Russell Hodgkins and Paul Skeeters.
Shroyer talked Hodgkins and Skeeters into going in on shares to form the publisher which issued the Serviss book in 1947.
Carcosa was a specialty publishing firm formed by David Drake, Karl Edward Wagner, and Jim Groce, who were concerned that Arkham House would cease publication after the death of its founder, August Derleth.
Carcosa was founded in North Carolina in 1973 and put out four collections of pulp horror stories, all edited by Wagner.
Their other three volumes were also giant omnibus collections (of work by Hugh B. Cave, E. Hoffman Price, and again by Manly Wade Wellman).
Carcosa also had plans to issue volumes by Leigh Brackett, H. Warner Munn and Jack Williamson; however, none of the projected volumes appeared.
In 1896-7 the Carcosa mansion was built as the official residence of the Resident-General of the Federated Malay States for the first holder of that office, Sir Frank Swettenham.
In computer science and operations research, approximation algorithms are efficient algorithms that find approximate solutions to NP-hard optimization problems with provable guarantees on the distance of the returned solution to the optimal one.
Approximation algorithms naturally arise in the field of theoretical computer science as a consequence of the widely believed P ≠ NP conjecture.
The field of approximation algorithms, therefore, tries to understand how closely it is possible to approximate optimal solutions to such problems in polynomial time.
In an overwhelming majority of the cases, the guarantee of such algorithms is a multiplicative one expressed as an approximation ratio or approximation factor i.e., the optimal solution is always guaranteed to be within a (predetermined) multiplicative factor of the returned solution.
The design and analysis of approximation algorithms crucially involves a mathematical proof certifying the quality of the returned solutions in the worst case.
This distinguishes them from heuristics such as annealing or genetic algorithms, which find reasonably good solutions on some inputs, but provide no clear indication at the outset on when they may succeed or fail.
There is widespread interest in theoretical computer science to better understand the limits to which we can approximate certain famous optimization problems.
For example, one of the long-standing open questions in computer science is to determine whether there is an algorithm that outperforms the 1.5 approximation algorithm of Christofides to the Metric Traveling Salesman Problem.
The desire to understand hard optimization problems from the perspective of approximability is motivated by the discovery of surprising mathematical connections and broadly applicable techniques to design algorithms for hard optimization problems.
One well-known example of the former is the Goemans-Williamson algorithm for Maximum Cut which solves a graph theoretic problem using high dimensional geometry.
A simple example of an approximation algorithm is one for the Minimum Vertex Cover problem, where the goal is to choose the smallest set of vertices such that every edge in the input graph contains at least one chosen vertex.
One way to find a vertex cover is to repeat the following process: find an uncovered edge, add both its endpoints to the cover, and remove all edges incident to either vertex from the graph.
As any vertex cover of the input graph must use a distinct vertex to cover each edge that was considered in the process (since it forms a matching), the vertex cover produced, therefore, is at most twice as large as the optimal one.
NP-hard problems vary greatly in their approximability; some, such as the Knapsack Problem, can be approximated within a multiplicative factor formula_1, for any fixed formula_2, and therefore produce solutions arbitrarily close to the optimum (such a family of approximation algorithms is called a polynomial time approximation scheme or PTAS).
Others are impossible to approximate within any constant, or even polynomial, factor unless P = NP, as in the case of the Maximum Clique Problem.
Therefore, an important benefit of studying approximation algorithms is a fine-grained classification of the difficulty of various NP-hard problems beyond the one afforded by the theory of NP-completeness.
In other words, although NP-complete problems may be equivalent (under polynomial time reductions) to each other from the perspective of exact solutions, the corresponding optimization problems behave very differently from the perspective of approximate solutions.
While approximation algorithms always provide an a priori worst case guarantee (be it additive or multiplicative), in some cases they also provide an a posteriori guarantee that is often much better.
This is often the case for algorithms that work by solving a convex relaxation of the optimization problem on the given input.
For example, there is a different approximation algorithm for Minimum Vertex Cover that solves a linear programming relaxation to find a vertex cover that is at most twice the value of the relaxation.
Since the value of the relaxation is never larger than the size of the optimal vertex cover, this yields another 2-approximation algorithm.
While this is similar to the a priori guarantee of the previous approximation algorithm, the guarantee of the latter can be much better (indeed when the value of the LP relaxation is far from the size of the optimal vertex cover).
Approximation algorithms as a research area is closely related to and informed by inapproximability theory where the non-existence of efficient algorithms with certain approximation ratios is proved (conditioned on widely believed hypotheses such as the P ≠ NP conjecture) by means of reductions.
In the case of the Metric Traveling Salesman Problem, the best known inapproximability result rules out algorithms with an approximation ratio less than 123/122 ≈ 1.008196 unless P = NP, Karpinski, Lampis, Schmied.
Coupled with the knowledge of the existence of Christofides' 1.5 approximation algorithm, this tells us that the threshold of approximability for Metric Traveling Salesman (if it exists) is somewhere between 123/122 and 1.5.
While inapproximability results have been proved since the 1970s, such results were obtained by ad-hoc means and no systematic understanding was available at the time.
It is only since the 1990 result of Feige, Goldwasser, Lovász, Safra and Szegedy on the inapproximability of Independent Set and the famous PCP theorem, that modern tools for proving inapproximability results were uncovered.
The PCP theorem, for example, shows that Johnson's 1974 approximation algorithms for Max SAT, Set Cover, Independent Set and Coloring all achieve the optimal approximation ratio, assuming P ≠ NP.
Some involve solving non-trivial linear programming/semidefinite relaxations (which may themselves invoke the ellipsoid algorithm), complex data structures, or sophisticated algorithmic techniques, leading to difficult implementation issues or improved running time performance (over exact algorithms) only on impractically large inputs.
Implementation and running time issues aside, the guarantees provided by approximation algorithms may themselves not be strong enough to justify their consideration in practice.
In this way, the study of even very expensive algorithms is not a completely theoretical pursuit as they can yield valuable insights.
In other cases, even if the initial results are of purely theoretical interest, over time, with an improved understanding, the algorithms may be refined to become more practical.
One such example is the initial PTAS for Euclidean TSP by Sanjeev Arora (and independently by Joseph Mitchell) which had a prohibitive running time of formula_3 for a formula_4 approximation.
For minimization problems, the two different guarantees provide the same result and that for maximization problems, a relative performance guarantee of ρ is equivalent to a performance guarantee of formula_10.
In the literature, both definitions are common but it is clear which definition is used since, for maximization problems, as ρ ≤ 1 while r ≥ 1.
An example of this is the optimal inapproximability — inexistence of approximation — ratio of 7 / 8 + ϵ for satisfiable MAX-3SAT instances due to Johan Håstad.
Ghulam Farid Sabri, Kamal Ahmed Sabri, And Maqbool Ahmed Sabri furthered their knowledge of music under Ustad Fatehdin Khan, Ustad Ramzan Khan, and Ustad Latafat Hussein Khan Bareilly Sharif, They even furthered their knowledge of Poetry under Hazrat Hairat Ali Shah Warsi who was their spiritual master (Daada Peer) too.
They were the first exponents of qawwali to the West, when they performed at New York's Carnegie Hall in 1975 promote and sponsored by Beate Gordon.
They performed in the United States and Canada under the auspices of The Performing Arts Program of The Asia Society and recorded a program at Brooklyn College Television Center.
In the same year, with the co-operation of Star Agencies they performed in various cities of England such as London, Bradford, Birmingham and Manchester which become very popular.
Inspired with these programs Chevrolet Company gifted an automatic car to Brothers, which they donated for the development of poor children.
In 1977, they recorded the album 'Pakistan: The Music of the Qawal' for the UNESCO Collection of Traditional Music which was later released in CD form by Auvidis in 1990.
In the same year he recorded qawwali for music director Anu Malik in the Indian movie Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati which was picturesque on Mithun Chakraborty.
On 5 April 1994, Ghulam Farid Sabri suddenly complained of chest pain, He suffered a massive heart attack and was rushed to hospital but en route to the hospital, he died in the arms of his brother Maqbool Ahmed Sabri who was left heartbroken after his death but still carried on his and his elder brother's mission.
To devote an album entirely to the Persian poetry of Jami, a luminary of the Sufi Tradition, was an ambition of Ghulam Farid Sabri which he had always cherished.
He did the recordings in July 1991 at the SFB studios in Berlin, but the CD was not released while he was still alive.
The same year In 1994, Maqbool Ahmed Sabri & Mehmood Ghaznavi Sabri Led The Sabri Brothers and performed at New Jazz Festival Moers, Germany.
In 1995, Maqbool Ahmed Sabri was about to perform in Meltdown Festival Event held in the UK, A week before the event, he suffered a very major accident in Lahore.
Maqbool Ahmed Sabri was in a very serious and critical condition during that time, prayers were made on national radio For Maqbool Sabri's health.
In 1997, they once again performed at the Royal Albert Hall in front of the Prince of Wales, Prince Charles for the Celebration of 50 Years of Independence of India and Pakistan together with Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, They were one of the few artists who have performed at the royal albert hall multiple times.
Shortly after the program in Opera House, Kamal Ahmed Sabri (second eldest of the brothers) the supporting vocalist and instrumentalist of the group suffered a heart attack, though he survived he could not take part in qawwali due to bad health conditions.
In 2001, Kamal Ahmed Sabri second eldest of the Sabri brothers, died after suffering from a second heart attack, after the death of Kamal Sabri, instruments such as Swarmandal and Flexatone came to end in the ensemble.
On 21 September 2011, Maqbool Ahmed Sabri died in South Africa due to a cardiac arrest after being treated for two months for health problems.
While other family members and disciples perform in their own separate groups to carry on the legacy of Ghulam Farid Sabri and Maqbool Ahmed Sabri.
Aziz Mian mastered in presenting intoxication as closeness to God, and said more than 3,000 couplets in that metaphor, and even Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was a perfectionist in discussing the beauty of the Creator of feminine attractiveness.
on the third day of the release of Oh Sharabi Chord De Peena, And even Aziz Mian's reply was a quick super hit .
Aziz Mian lamented that the Brothers were too conventional and that their spiritual connection with the Almighty was not as stark as his.
EMI-Pakistan, which released both the records, together claimed that Aziz Mian and Sabri Brothers, sold over two million LPs and cassettes from this brawl.
It is narrated from the time of the Napoleonic Wars, and depicts events several decades earlier, during the reign of King Philip V (r. 1700–24, 1724–46).
Eventually the narrative focus moves again toward van Worden's frame story and a conspiracy involving an underground — or perhaps entirely hallucinated — Muslim society, revealing the connections and correspondences between the hundred or so stories told over the novel's sixty-six days.
The novel's stories-within-stories sometimes reach several levels of depth, and characters and themes — a few prominent themes being honor, disguise, metamorphosis and conspiracy — recur and change shape throughout.
The novel was written incrementally and was left in its final form—though never exactly completed—at the time of the author's suicide in 1815.
Sections of the original French-language manuscripts were later lost, but have been back-translated into French from a Polish translation that had been made in 1847 by Edmund Chojecki from a complete French-language copy, now lost.
The first integral French-language version of the work, based on several French-language manuscripts and on Chojecki's 1847 Polish translation, was edited by René Radrizzani and published in 1989 by the renowned French publishing house of José Corti.
The most recent and complete French-language version to date was edited by François Rosset and Dominique Triaire and published in 2006 in Leuven, Belgium, as part of a critical scholarly edition of the Complete Works of Potocki.
Rosset and Triaire identified two versions of the novel: one unfinished, of 1804, published in 1805; and the full version of 1810, which appears to have been completely reconceived in comparison to the 1804 version.
In view of the differences between the two versions, the 1804 and 1810 versions have been published as two separate books; paperback editions were issued in early 2008 by Flammarion.
The film was released in a full-length Polish version (180 minutes) and in shortened versions in other countries (152 minutes in the United States, and 125 in the United Kingdom).
The film was admired by many 1960s counterculture figures, notably Grateful Dead guitarist Jerry Garcia, who financed a complete print, as well as Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola, and Luis Buñuel.
The late Vi Marriott adapted the book for The Cherub Theatre Company, which was performed by them under the title 'Ten Days A-Maze' and won several awards at the 1997 Edinburgh Fringe.
Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin or Yeshivas Rabbeinu Chaim Berlin () is an American Haredi Lithuanian-type boys' and men's yeshiva in Brooklyn, New York.
At the suggestion of Meir Berlin (Bar-Ilan), it was renamed for his brother, Chaim Berlin, a rabbi who served in Valozhyn, the place where some of the yeshiva's founders were from.
Our congratulations to Jacob Rutstein for his constant activity on organizing activities for the advancement of orthodox Jewish secular and religious education.
Outstanding in his philanthropic activities is his recent purchase of the seven-story $1,000,000 building at 350 Stone Ave. for the Mesivtah and Yeshivah Rabbi Chaim Berlin in the hearts of Brownsville.
Already the institution has been recognized by the State Board of Regents through the granting of a charter and 800 students are now enrolled.
Also 200 of its students have come from all parts of this country and 62 are refugees driven from their homelands by Hitler.
After Hutner's death, the New York yeshiva was headed by his disciple Aaron Schechter, and the Jerusalem branch was headed by his son-in-law Yonason David.
When Hutner appointed Schechter and David to lead the yeshiva after him, they ultimately fired Carlebach from his position, as they viewed him as a challenge to their authority.
Rabbi Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz (1886 – 7 September 1948) was a leader of American Orthodoxy and founder of key institutions such as Torah Vodaath, a Yeshiva in Brooklyn, and Torah U'Mesorah, an outreach and educational organization.
Mendlowitz was born in Világ, in Austrio-Hungarian Empire , a small town near the border of Poland, to a Hasidic family.
His mother died when he was twelve, and shortly afterwards the family relocated to Mezőlaborc (now ), where he studied under the local rabbis.
At age 22, he married in the town of Humenné, Slovakia, and began to study several Jewish writings not well known, including the works of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch; this briefly led to controversy until he could prove the relevance of Hirsch's work in defending the Orthodox viewpoint against attempts at reforming Jewish practice.
He actively sought positions in Germany and the United States, with the intention of disseminating knowledge of Judaism to Jews previously unexposed to their heritage, and in September 1913, he arrived alone in Philadelphia.
Rabbi Mendlowitz first appointed Rabbi Gedalia Schorr to the faculty of the Yeshiva, later to become its principal and Rosh Yeshiva.
Despite his devotion to Torah Vodaath he assisted in the founding (both personally and financially) of several similar institutions, such as Mesivta Chaim Berlin (to which he relinquished a number of his top pupils), Telshe Cleveland and Beis Medrash Gevoha.
Aish Dos was a specialized institution that focused on teaching outreach skills, Torah U'mesora was a nationwide umbrella organization for Jewish day schools, and Beis Medrash Elyon was one of America's first post-graduate yeshivas (which also included a kollel).
Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves.
Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram, and many smaller islands.
The islands of Wallacea lie between Sundaland (the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and Bali) to the west, and Near Oceania including Australia and New Guinea to the south and east.
The boundary between Sundaland and Wallacea follows the Wallace Line, named after the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace who recorded the differences between mammal and bird fauna between the islands on either side of the line.
The islands of Sundaland to the west of the line, including Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, share a mammal fauna similar to that of East Asia, which includes tigers, rhinoceros, and apes; whereas the mammal fauna of Lombok and areas extending eastwards are mostly populated by marsupials and birds similar to those in Australasia.
During the ice ages, sea levels were lower, exposing the Sunda shelf that links the islands of Sundaland to one another and to Asia, and allowed Asian land animals to inhabit these islands.
The islands of Wallacea have few land mammals, land birds, or freshwater fish of continental origin, which find it difficult to cross open ocean.
Many bird, reptile, and insect species were better able to cross the straits, and many such species of Australian and Asian origin are found there.
Wallacea's plants are predominantly of Asian origin, and botanists include Sundaland, Wallacea, and New Guinea as the floristic province of Malesia.
Similarly, Australia and New Guinea to the east are linked by a shallow continental shelf, and were linked by a land bridge during the ice ages, forming a single continent that scientists variously call Australia-New Guinea, Meganesia, Papualand, or Sahul.
Consequently, Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands share many marsupial mammals, land birds, and freshwater fish that are not found in Wallacea.
The Weber Line is the midpoint where Asian and Australian fauna and flora are approximately equally represented, and follows the deepest straits traversing the Indonesian Archipelago.
Although the distant ancestors of Wallacea's plants and animals may have been from Asia or Australia-New Guinea, Wallacea is home to many endemic species.
There is extensive autochthonous speciation and proportionately large numbers of endemics; it is an important contributor to the overall mega-biodiversity of the Indonesian archipelago.
45% of the region retains some sort of forest cover, and only 52,017 km², or 15 percent, is in pristine state.
Australian Early-Middle Pliocene rodent fossils have been found in Chinchilla Sands and Bluffs Down in Queensland, but a mix of ancestral and derived traits suggest murid rodents made it to Australia earlier, maybe in the Miocene, over a forested archipelago, i.e.
Australia's rodents make up much of the continent's placental mammal fauna and include various species from stick-nest rats to hopping mice.
Two species of cuscus, the Sulawesi bear cuscus and the Sulawesi dwarf cuscus, are the westernmost representatives of the Australasian marsupials.
The tectonic uplift of Wallacea during the collision between Australia and Asia 23 Million years ago allowed the global dispersal of passerine birds from Australia across the Indonesian islands.
Walkley ward—which includes the districts of Netherthorpe, Upperthorpe, Walkley and parts of Neepsend—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England.
Originally an area of working-class Victorian terraces, it was reconstructed in the 1960s as an area of tower blocks and medium-rise flats with a few houses.
In the late 1990s the tower blocks were reclad and many of the other flats demolished and replaced by modern housing.
Building in the area began in the late Georgian period, from which the former infirmary (now offices) and a few houses survive.
The Kelvin Flats were a landmark in the area, of similar design to now listed Park Hill, but were demolished in the early 1990s.
Suitable habitat has been dramatically reduced due to the large-scale deforestation that has occurred throughout Southeast Asia over the past three decades.
The sun bear's fur is usually jet-black, short, and sleek with some under-wool; some individual sun bears are reddish or grey.
A crest is seen on the sides of the neck and a whorl occurs in the centre of the breast patch.
Always, a more or less crescent-shaped pale patch is found on the breast that varies individually in colour ranging from buff, cream, or dirty white to ochreous.
The sun bear's teeth are very large, especially canines, and high bite forces in relation to its body size, which are not well understood, but could be related to its frequent opening of tropical hardwood trees (with its powerful jaws and claws) in pursuit of insects, larvae, or honey.
The animal's entire head is also large, broad, and heavy in proportion to the body, and the palate is wide in proportion to the skull.
The overall morphology of this bear (inward-turned front feet, ventrally flattened chest, powerful forelimbs with large claws) indicates adaptation for extensive climbing.
Sun bears are found in the tropical rainforest of Southeast Asia ranging from northeastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam to southern Yunnan Province in China, and on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia.
They now occur very patchily through much of their former range, and have been extirpated from many areas, especially in mainland Southeast Asia.
Bedding sites consist mainly of fallen hollow logs, but they also rest in standing trees with cavities, in cavities underneath fallen logs or tree roots, and in tree branches high above the ground.
They are omnivores, feeding primarily on termites, ants, beetle larvae, bee larvae and a large variety of fruit species, especially figs when available.
Occasionally, growth shoots of certain palms and some species of flowers are consumed, but otherwise vegetative matter appears rare in the diet.
They are known to tear open trees with their long, sharp claws and teeth in search of wild bees and leave behind shattered tree trunks.
Sun bear scats collected in a forest reserve in Sabah contained mainly invertebrates such as beetles and their larvae, termites, and ants, followed by fruits and vertebrates.
They break open decayed wood in search of termites, beetle larvae, and earthworms, and use their claws and teeth to break the standing termite mound into a few pieces.
They quickly lick and suck the contents from the exposed mound, and also hold pieces of the broken mound with their front paws, while licking the termites from the surface of the mound.
In areas where deforestation is actively occurring, they are mainly threatened by the loss of forest habitat and forest degradation arising from clear-cutting for plantation development, unsustainable logging practices, illegal logging both within and outside protected areas, and forest fires.
During surveys in Kalimantan between 1994 and 1997, interviewees admitted to hunting sun bears and indicated that sun bear meat is eaten by indigenous people in several areas in Kalimantan.
High consumption of bear parts was reported to occur where Japanese or Korean expatriate employees of timber companies created a temporary demand.
Sun bears are among the three primary bear species specifically targeted for the bear bile trade in Southeast Asia, and are kept in bear farms in Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar.
Bear bile products include raw bile sold in vials, gall bladder by the gram or in whole form, flakes, powder and pills.
The commercial production of bear bile from bear farming has turned bile from a purely traditional medicinal ingredient to a commodity with bile now found in non-TCM products like cough drops, shampoo, and soft drinks.
If caught by a predator, the loose skin would allow the sun bear to spin its head around to try and bite its attacker.
American Museum of Natural History naturalist and co-founder Albert S. Bickmore described a case in which a tiger-sun bear interaction resulted in a prolonged altercation and in the death of both animals.
Other predators on mainland Southeast Asia and Sumatra could be the leopard and the clouded leopard, although the latter could be too small to kill an adult sun bear.
The Malayan sun bear is part of an international captive-breeding program and has a Species Survival Plan under the Association of Zoos and Aquariums since late 1994.
Comprehensive research about sun bear conservation and rehabilitation is the mission of the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Sandakan, Sabah, founded in 2008 by wildlife biologist Wong Siew Te.
Reference Re Secession of Quebec, [1998] 2 SCR 217 is a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the legality, under both Canadian and international law, of a unilateral secession of Quebec from Canada.
Both the Quebec government and the Canadian government stated they were pleased with the Supreme Court's opinion, pointing to different sections of the ruling.
Following the election of a majority of Parti Québécois (PQ) Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) in the 1976 Quebec provincial election, the party formed a government and, in 1980, held an independence referendum.
The government of the Province of Quebec asked the province's population if it should seek a mandate to negotiate sovereignty for Quebec coupled with the establishment of a new political and economic union with Canada.
In 1982, the federal government petitioned the Parliament of the United Kingdom in London to amend Canada's constitution so that, in the future, all further amendments would take place by means of a process of consent involving only the Parliament of Canada and the legislatures of the provinces (several provinces objected).
Up until this point, all amendments had taken place by means of Acts of the British Parliament, since the Canadian constitution was, strictly speaking, a simple statute of that Parliament.
Subsequently, two attempts were made at amending the Canadian constitution (the Meech Lake Accord in 1987–1990 and the Charlottetown Accord in 1992) that, it was hoped, would have caused the Quebec legislature to adopt a motion supporting the revised constitution.
Following the failure of both of these to pass, there was a widespread sense in the mid-1990s that the Constitution of Canada was not fully legitimate because it had not yet received the formal approval of Quebec.
In 1994, the Parti Québécois was re-elected and announced that it would be initiating a second referendum to take place in 1995.
Prior to this referendum, the National Assembly of Quebec had adopted a bill relating to the future of Quebec that laid out a plan if secession was approved in a referendum.
In response to the bill and the referendum result, several legal actions were initiated by opponents to the independence of Quebec questioning the legality of secession.
In reaction to Bouchard's stated plans, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien initiated a reference on the legality of a unilateral declaration of independence by a Canadian province.
The federal government's submission argued that the only way a province could secede from Canada would be through a constitutional amendment.
Only an amendment through section 45 (on the right of provincial legislatures to make laws amending their own constitutions) would allow for unilateral constitutional amendments, they argued, but that section would not apply to the question of secession.
First, it would violate the rule of law by ignoring the authority of the constitution as supreme law of the country, and second, it would violate Canadian federalism by acting with powers allocated only to the federal government.
First, it argued that the reference was invalid; the question is purely a political one and thus is outside the authority of the Court to answer under section 52 of the Supreme Court Act.
It further claimed that since there is no international law barring separation then by convention there must be an implied right to do so.
It further claimed that the doctrine of effectivity is part of the constitutional convention through its practice in other parts of the commonwealth.
Several aboriginal interveners submitted on their right to stay in Canada based on treaties and their right to self-determination, further noting that they have already held two referendums, which decided against the separation of the aboriginal peoples from Canada.
First, they stated that, under the Canadian Constitution (and with Quebec being a party to it since its inception), unilateral secession was not legal.
In this section of the judgement they stated that the Constitution is made up of written and unwritten principles (based on text, historical context, and previous constitutional jurisprudence) and that there are four fundamental tenets of the Canadian constitution.
The answer to the second question, which concerned Quebec's right under international law to secede, gave the opinion that the international law on secession was not applicable to the situation of Quebec.
The Supreme Court of Canada's opinion stated that the right of a people to self-determination was expected to be exercised within the framework of existing states, by negotiation, for example.
The court stated in its opinion that, under international law, the right to secede was meant for peoples under a colonial rule or foreign occupation.
The Supreme Court further stated that: Quebec could not, despite a clear referendum result, purport to invoke a right of self-determination to dictate the terms of a proposed secession to the other parties to the federation.
The democratic vote, by however strong a majority, would have no legal effect on its own and could not push aside the principles of federalism and the rule of law, the rights of individuals and minorities, or the operation of democracy in the other provinces or in Canada as a whole.
Since the court saw no conflict between Canadian law and international law on the question (neither would allow Quebec to secede unilaterally), it considered it unnecessary to answer the question.
The decision has been regarded as a model discussion in international law for questions of separation between national political entities, particularly in relation to the results of a referendum.
Quebec was most satisfied when the court made it clear that the question of Quebec's political status was above all a political question, not a legal one.
It also liked the fact that the Supreme Court made it clear that the government of Canada and that of the other provinces would have to negotiate after a winning referendum on secession.
Any obligation of Canada to negotiate with Quebec was conditional on the sovereigntists' asking a clear question within the context of a referendum.
The photograph in the front cover of the single was taken from the Thammasat University massacre in Thailand, and depicts a member of the right-wing crowd beating a hanged corpse of a student protester with a metal chair.
Its lyrics offer a satirical view of young, well-to-do and self-righteous Americans, contrasting such a lifestyle with the genocidal dictatorship of the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot and his Communist Party of Kampuchea (mentioned in the lyrics), which is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of roughly a quarter of Cambodian population between 1975 and 1979.
In October 1998, Jello Biafra was sued by three former members of Dead Kennedys, who claimed that they had been defrauded of royalties owed to them.
Biafra lost the lawsuit and, as the owner of Alternative Tentacles, was ordered to pay $200,000 in damages to the other band members.
Regulation 17 () was a regulation of the Ontario Conservative government designed to shut down French-language schools at a time when Francophones from Quebec were moving into eastern Ontario.
It was a regulation written by the Ministry of Education, issued in July 1912 by the Conservative government of premier Sir James P. Whitney.
This was a reason why French Canadians distanced themselves from the subsequent World War I effort, as its young men refused to enlist.
The policy was strongly opposed by Franco-Ontarians, particularly in the national capital of Ottawa where the École Guigues was at the centre of the Battle of the Hatpins.
Faced with separate school boards' resistance and defiance of the new regulation, the Ministry of Education issued Regulation 18 in August 1913 to coerce the school boards' employees into compliance.
Ferguson was an opponent of bilingualism, but repealed the law because he needed to form a political alliance with Quebec premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau against the federal government.
The Conservative government reluctantly recognized bilingual schools, but the directive worsened relations between Ontario and Quebec for many years and is still keenly remembered by the French-speaking minority of Ontario.
Despite the repeal of Regulation 17, however, French-language schools in Ontario were not officially recognized under the provincial Education Act until 1968.
The Ontario Heritage Trust erected a plaque for L’École Guigues and Regulation 17 in front of the former school building, 159 Murray Street, Ottawa.
The player controls a former Marine John Dalton, a Terran Colonial Authority Marshal whose job is to patrol remote areas of space far away from any real action.
He is called back into service to retrieve seven pieces of an ancient artifact thought to make a powerful weapon when assembled.
The plot follows a pre-set linear path like many first-person shooters, with the character going to various planets in search of the artifacts.
Environments on each planet are quite diverse, ranging from tropical to desert, bunkers and industrial installations, and alien cities and even inside the bodies of aliens.
During several missions the player must hold a location against waves of incoming enemies, in some cases using NPCs and equipment (such as sentry guns) as support.
Almost nearing completion, the development of the game was suddenly halted by the unexpected close-down of Legend Entertainment on January 16, 2004.
The main objective is to steal the enemy's Artifacts and then register them at the Artifact Node belonging to the player's own team, but a team can also win by capturing and holding all generators, effectively draining the enemy team's energy.
There are two separate supplies of Energy a player is concerned with: their team's Energy supply (the tall blue bar to the extreme lower right of the HUD) and their personal Energy reserve (the short yellow bar to the immediate left of the team energy bar).
Some things, however, draw directly from the team's energy reserve, such as deployed turrets, or driving or firing from a vehicle.
The player's personal reserve is refilled from the team's energy bank; therefore, if every team member 'spends' their energy frivolously, the team will soon find itself without defenses, vehicles, or even a place to register stolen artifacts.
For this reason, a player should handle their energy responsibly, at least until their team has enough Generators under its control to support multiple energy-intensive activities.
All classes have a stamina bar and the ability to sprint; sprinting roughly doubles the player's base speed (determined by their class) and depletes their stamina bar at a constant rate.
The player's speed is represented by a tall blue bar to the lower left of the HUD and an abstract value next to it; stamina is represented by the short yellow bar to the immediate right of the speed indicator.
Like the player classes, each vehicle type has specific advantages and disadvantages over the other ones, like speed, armor and weaponry.
In the United Kingdom, it sold 40,000 units during the first half of 2003, which made it the fourth-best-selling computer game during the period.
The song's musical style combines pop and classical styling, and its lyrics deal with teenage pregnancy and the choices that come with it.
The music video, directed by James Foley, shows Madonna's second image makeover, featuring her with a more toned and muscular body, and cropped platinum blonde hair.
The images are juxtaposed with shots of Madonna dancing and singing in a small, darkened studio, and spending a romantic evening with her boyfriend.
Women's organizations and others in the family planning field criticized Madonna for encouraging teenage pregnancy, while groups opposed to abortion saw the song as having a positive pro-life message.
The song also caused her first conflict with the Vatican, as she dedicated it to Pope John Paul II, who urged Italian fans to boycott her concerts during the Who's That Girl World Tour in 1987.
The song is based on teen gossip he heard outside his recording studio, which has a large front window that doubles as a mirror where schoolgirls from the North Hollywood High School in Los Angeles regularly stopped to fix their hair and chat.
[The song] just fit right in with my own personal zeitgeist of standing up to male authorities, whether it's the pope, or the Catholic Church or my father and his conservative, patriarchal ways.
The combination of key and tempo produces a disjuncture between pop and classical rhythms, underlined by the instrumentation during the introduction.
The song begins with a distinctly Vivaldian style, as the fast tempo and classical-style chord progression anticipates the lyrics to follow.
Madonna's vocal range spans from F to C, and has a different sound from her previous work, more mature, centered, and with a lower range.
The lyrics show Madonna's interest in her Roman Catholic upbringing, as the song theme is about a girl who tells her father that she is pregnant and refuses to have an abortion or give up the baby for adoption despite what her friends are telling her to do.
During the bridge, the song features a Spanish-inspired rhythm, one of the earliest examples of the influence that Hispanic music had on Madonna's musical style.
It also reached a peak of four on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and a peak of number 16 on the Adult Contemporary chart.
In October 1998, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of a million copies of the single.
It then spent three consecutive weeks at the top, stayed 15 weeks on the chart, and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in August 1986 for shipment of 500,000 copies of the single.
It reached the top position of the singles charts in Belgium, Ireland, and Norway, and peaked inside the top five in Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland.
The song also reached the top of the charts in Australia, and inside the Top 5 in South Africa and New Zealand.
She changed the heavy jewelry and make-up, and adopted the gamine look, which is notably applied to describe the style and appearance that Shirley MacLaine and Audrey Hepburn used during the 1950s.
The video alternated between tomboy shots and those of a more glamorous Madonna with a more toned and muscular body, cropped platinum blonde hair, and figure-revealing clothing, consisting of a 1960s-style black bustier top and capri pants.
She and her boyfriend spend a romantic evening together on a barge where they reflect upon their lives after watching an elderly couple.
After much hesitation, she tells her father and he's shocked and leaves the room to think about the situation, and eventually accepts the pregnancy.
She premiered the song in 1987, during her Who's That Girl World Tour, where she danced around the stage wearing a white Spanish-style dress designed by Marlene Stewart, and a black leather jacket similar to the one she used in the music video.
She dedicated the song to the Pope, marking her first conflict with the Vatican, as Pope John Paul II urged Italian fans to boycott her concerts.
She wore a black kaftan made of chiffon and energetically danced, accompanied by six male dancers, with a platform full of votive candles in the background.
In 2002, British singer Kelly Osbourne recorded a hard rock cover of the song with Incubus members Mike Einziger (on guitar) and José Pasillas (on drums); the cover was produced by her brother Jack Osbourne.
In the rest of Europe, the song peaked inside the top ten in Ireland and Finland, and the top twenty in Sweden.
As the song's popularity increased in the United States, so did the criticism and support it received from groups concerned with pregnancy and abortion.
But then I thought, wait a minute, this song is really about a girl who is making a decision in her life.
Feminist lawyer Gloria Allred, the spokeswoman of the National Organization for Women (NOW), angrily called for Madonna to make a public statement or another record supporting the opposite point of view.
Alfred Moran, the executive director of Planned Parenthood of New York City, also criticized the song, fearing that it would undermine efforts to promote birth control among adolescents and that it would encourage teenage pregnancy.
The Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA) is a unique non-commissioned rank and position of office in the United States Army.
The holder of this rank and position is the most senior enlisted member of the Army, unless an Army enlisted man is serving as the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman.
The SMA is appointed to serve as a spokesman to address the issues of enlisted soldiers to all officers, from warrant officers and lieutenants to the Army's highest positions.
The exact duties vary depending on the chief of staff, though much of the SMA's time is spent traveling throughout the Army, observing training and talking with soldiers and their families.
Kenneth O. Preston held the rank from 15 January 2004 through 28 February 2011, the only incumbent to serve longer than five years.
While the SMA is a non-commissioned officer, protocol places the SMA higher than all lieutenant generals (except for the Director of the Army Staff) and equivalent to a general for formal courtesies in addition to seating, billeting, transportation, and parking.
The rank and position were based on those of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (established in its current incarnation on 23 May 1957).
The Chief of Staff of the Army created the position in 1966 after asking leaders of the major commands for a personal recommendation.
He listed seven duties and functions he expected the Sergeant Major to perform, including service as a personal adviser and assistant on matters pertaining to enlisted soldiers.
The other services later followed, creating the positions of Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy and Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force in 1967, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard in 1969, and Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman in 2005.
The collar insignia of the SMA is the shield portion of the collar insignia of an aide-de-camp to the Army Chief of Staff (less the surmounting eagle), placed upon an enlisted collar disk of gold color, one inch in diameter.
The insignia worn by SMA Wooldridge was hand-soldered by Colonel Jasper J. Wilson from the cannibalized insignia and enlisted collar brass of an aide.
The SMA's cap device, worn on the front of the blue service cap (and, formerly, the white service cap; and, until 2011 the green service cap) is a gold-colored rendering of the United States' coat of arms, surrounded by a wreath.
The cap device for all other U.S. Army enlisted soldiers is a gold-colored rendering of the United States' coat of arms on a gold-colored disk (males) or surrounded by a gold colored ring (females).
The Sergeant Major of the Army, Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force and the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman are the only members of the United States armed forces below the rank of brigadier general/rear admiral, lower half to be authorized a positional color (flag).
Like the SEAC's collar brass, the SEAC's positional color was patterned after the SMA's color (only in case of the SEAC being from the Army).
It was released in June 1982 by Neutron Records in the United Kingdom, by Mercury Records in the United States and Japan, and by Vertigo Records in Canada and Europe.
The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number one and has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Though not a concept album, the album features repeated themes in which the singer experiences heartache as he tries and fails to have a meaningful relationship.
The songs on the album were written collectively by the band, with arranger Anne Dudley was given songwriting credits on some tracks.
Martin Fry said that the band's ambition was to fuse punk and disco, music that was more sophisticated but still had some attitude.
The majority of the album was recorded at Sarm East Studios in London, as well as at Abbey Road Studios, Townhouse Studios, RAK Studios and Good Earth Studios.
The album was produced by Trevor Horn, engineered by Gary Langan and features orchestrations by Anne Dudley and Fairlight CMI programming by J. J. Jeczalik; Horn, Langan, Dudley and Jeczalik would later form the Art of Noise a year after the release of this album.
Indeed, most of the production team and session players on the album would form the basis for the ZTT label, and their work with Horn meant all concerned would be in constant demand throughout the industry in years to come.
The album was followed by a tour with the band extended to an 11-piece on stage, reaching Europe, USA and Japan.
In 2004, a two-disc deluxe reissue including previously unreleased outtakes and early demos and a live performance of the album from 1982 was released by Neutron Records.
In 2009, ABC performed the entire album at the Royal Albert Hall in London, accompanied by the BBC Concert Orchestra and conducted by arranger and composer Anne Dudley.
This marked the 30th anniversary of the album's release and once again featured Dudley as conductor, performing with the Southbank Sinfonia Orchestra.
The same line-up (with Dudley and Southbank Sinfonia) concluded a four-date mini-tour at this same venue on 30 March 2014 performing the album in its entirety.
Martin Fry and band were once more accompanied by the Southbank Sinfonia Orchestra for dates at Liverpool's Philharmonic Hall, Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, Sheffield City Hall, the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London and Symphony Hall, Birmingham, between November 4th and 9th, 2015.
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of millivolts and denoted as mV, ranges from –40 mV to –80 mV.
Transmembrane proteins, also known as ion transporter or ion pump proteins, actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients.
Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage between the two sides of the membrane.
Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell.
Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential.
This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane.
In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential.
For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt.
This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV).
In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity.
Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.
Electrical force arises from the mutual attraction between particles with opposite electrical charges (positive and negative) and the mutual repulsion between particles with the same type of charge (both positive or both negative).
Diffusion arises from the statistical tendency of particles to redistribute from regions where they are highly concentrated to regions where the concentration is low.
Indeed, the simplest definition of a voltage is given by Ohm's law: V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current and R is resistance.
If a voltage source such as a battery is placed in an electrical circuit, the higher the voltage of the source the greater the amount of current that it will drive across the available resistance.
It is conventional in electronics to assign a voltage of zero to some arbitrarily chosen element of the circuit, and then assign voltages for other elements measured relative to that zero point.
However, in most cases and by convention, the zero level is most often assigned to the portion of a circuit that is in contact with ground.
In electrically active tissue, the potential difference between any two points can be measured by inserting an electrode at each point, for example one inside and one outside the cell, and connecting both electrodes to the leads of what is in essence a specialized voltmeter.
By convention, the zero potential value is assigned to the outside of the cell and the sign of the potential difference between the outside and the inside is determined by the potential of the inside relative to the outside zero.
In mathematical terms, the definition of voltage begins with the concept of an electric field , a vector field assigning a magnitude and direction to each point in space.
In many situations, the electric field is a conservative field, which means that it can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar function , that is, .
In general, electric fields can be treated as conservative only if magnetic fields do not significantly influence them, but this condition usually applies well to biological tissue.
Because the electric field is the gradient of the voltage distribution, rapid changes in voltage within a small region imply a strong electric field; on the converse, if the voltage remains approximately the same over a large region, the electric fields in that region must be weak.
A strong electric field, equivalent to a strong voltage gradient, implies that a strong force is exerted on any charged particles that lie within the region.
The chloride anion (Cl) plays a major role in the action potentials of some algae, but plays a negligible role in the action potentials of most animals.
A simple example wherein two solutions—A and B—are separated by a porous barrier illustrates that diffusion will ensure that they will eventually mix into equal solutions.
Assuming the barrier allows both types of ions to travel through it, then a steady state will be reached whereby both solutions have 25 sodium ions and 25 chloride ions.
If, however, the porous barrier is selective to which ions are let through, then diffusion alone will not determine the resulting solution.
Now, only sodium is allowed to diffuse cross the barrier from its higher concentration in solution A to the lower concentration in solution B.
This will result in a greater accumulation of sodium ions than chloride ions in solution B and a lesser number of sodium ions than chloride ions in solution A.
This means that there is a net positive charge in solution B from the higher concentration of positively charged sodium ions than negatively charged chloride ions.
Likewise, there is a net negative charge in solution A from the greater concentration of negative chloride ions than positive sodium ions.
Since opposite charges attract and like charges repel, the ions are now also influenced by electrical fields as well as forces of diffusion.
Therefore, positive sodium ions will be less likely to travel to the now-more-positive B solution and remain in the now-more-negative A solution.
The point at which the forces of the electric fields completely counteract the force due to diffusion is called the equilibrium potential.
Every animal cell is enclosed in a plasma membrane, which has the structure of a lipid bilayer with many types of large molecules embedded in it.
Because it is made of lipid molecules, the plasma membrane intrinsically has a high electrical resistivity, in other words a low intrinsic permeability to ions.
However, some of the molecules embedded in the membrane are capable either of actively transporting ions from one side of the membrane to the other or of providing channels through which they can move.
Capacitance arises from the fact that the lipid bilayer is so thin that an accumulation of charged particles on one side gives rise to an electrical force that pulls oppositely charged particles toward the other side.
The capacitance of the membrane is relatively unaffected by the molecules that are embedded in it, so it has a more or less invariant value estimated at about 2 μF/cm (the total capacitance of a patch of membrane is proportional to its area).
The conductance of a pure lipid bilayer is so low, on the other hand, that in biological situations it is always dominated by the conductance of alternative pathways provided by embedded molecules.
Because the membrane is so thin, it does not take a very large transmembrane voltage to create a strong electric field within it.
Typical membrane potentials in animal cells are on the order of 100 millivolts (that is, one tenth of a volt), but calculations show that this generates an electric field close to the maximum that the membrane can sustain—it has been calculated that a voltage difference much larger than 200 millivolts could cause dielectric breakdown, that is, arcing across the membrane.
The resistance of a pure lipid bilayer to the passage of ions across it is very high, but structures embedded in the membrane can greatly enhance ion movement, either actively or passively, via mechanisms called facilitated transport and facilitated diffusion.
The two types of structure that play the largest roles are ion channels and ion pumps, both usually formed from assemblages of protein molecules.
In most cases, an ion channel is permeable only to specific types of ions (for example, sodium and potassium but not chloride or calcium), and sometimes the permeability varies depending on the direction of ion movement.
Ion pumps, also known as ion transporters or carrier proteins, actively transport specific types of ions from one side of the membrane to the other, sometimes using energy derived from metabolic processes to do so.
Such ion pumps take in ions from one side of the membrane (decreasing its concentration there) and release them on the other side (increasing its concentration there).
The ion pump most relevant to the action potential is the sodium–potassium pump, which transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions in.
As a consequence, the concentration of potassium ions K inside the neuron is roughly 20-fold larger than the outside concentration, whereas the sodium concentration outside is roughly ninefold larger than inside.
If the numbers of each type of ion were equal, the sodium–potassium pump would be electrically neutral, but, because of the three-for-two exchange, it gives a net movement of one positive charge from intracellular to extracellular for each cycle, thereby contributing to a positive voltage difference.
The pump has three effects: (1) it makes the sodium concentration high in the extracellular space and low in the intracellular space; (2) it makes the potassium concentration high in the intracellular space and low in the extracellular space; (3) it gives the intracellular space a negative voltage with respect to the extracellular space.
If a cell were initialized with equal concentrations of sodium and potassium everywhere, it would take hours for the pump to establish equilibrium.
The pump operates constantly, but becomes progressively less efficient as the concentrations of sodium and potassium available for pumping are reduced.
If the ion pumps are turned off by removing their energy source, or by adding an inhibitor such as ouabain, the axon can still fire hundreds of thousands of action potentials before their amplitudes begin to decay significantly.
This pump operates in a conceptually similar way to the sodium-potassium pump, except that in each cycle it exchanges three Na from the extracellular space for one Ca from the intracellular space.
Its most important effect is to pump calcium outward—it also allows an inward flow of sodium, thereby counteracting the sodium-potassium pump, but, because overall sodium and potassium concentrations are much higher than calcium concentrations, this effect is relatively unimportant.
Most channels are specific (selective) for one ion; for example, most potassium channels are characterized by 1000:1 selectivity ratio for potassium over sodium, though potassium and sodium ions have the same charge and differ only slightly in their radius.
single-channel current amplitude, is determined by the maximum channel conductance and electrochemical driving force for that ion, which is the difference between the instantaneous value of the membrane potential and the value of the reversal potential.
A channel may have several different states (corresponding to different conformations of the protein), but each such state is either open or closed.
In general, closed states correspond either to a contraction of the pore—making it impassable to the ion—or to a separate part of the protein, stoppering the pore.
Still other ion channels—such as those of sensory neurons—open and close in response to other stimuli, such as light, temperature or pressure.
Even these are not perfectly constant in their properties: First, most of them are voltage-dependent in the sense that they conduct better in one direction than the other (in other words, they are rectifiers); second, some of them are capable of being shut off by chemical ligands even though they do not require ligands in order to operate.
Ligand-gated ion channels are channels whose permeability is greatly increased when some type of chemical ligand binds to the protein structure.
A large subset function as neurotransmitter receptors—they occur at postsynaptic sites, and the chemical ligand that gates them is released by the presynaptic axon terminal.
One example of this type is the AMPA receptor, a receptor for the neurotransmitter glutamate that when activated allows passage of sodium and potassium ions.
Neurotransmitter receptors are activated by ligands that appear in the extracellular area, but there are other types of ligand-gated channels that are controlled by interactions on the intracellular side.
The channel is closed at the resting voltage level, but opens abruptly when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, allowing a large influx of sodium ions that produces a very rapid change in the membrane potential.
Recovery from an action potential is partly dependent on a type of voltage-gated potassium channel that is closed at the resting voltage level but opens as a consequence of the large voltage change produced during the action potential.
This means that the transmembrane voltage exactly opposes the force of diffusion of the ion, such that the net current of the ion across the membrane is zero and unchanging.
The reversal potential is important because it gives the voltage that acts on channels permeable to that ion—in other words, it gives the voltage that the ion concentration gradient generates when it acts as a battery.
Even if two different ions have the same charge (i.e., K and Na), they can still have very different equilibrium potentials, provided their outside and/or inside concentrations differ.
The resting potential forms the basis of cell excitability and these processes are fundamental for the generation of graded and action potentials.
Astrocytes display a form of non-electrical excitability based on intracellular calcium variations related to the expression of several receptors through which they can detect the synaptic signal.
In neurons, there are different membrane properties in some portions of the cell, for example, dendritic excitability endows neurons with the capacity for coincidence detection of spatially separated inputs.
Electrophysiologists model the effects of ionic concentration differences, ion channels, and membrane capacitance in terms of an equivalent circuit, which is intended to represent the electrical properties of a small patch of membrane.
The equivalent circuit consists of a capacitor in parallel with four pathways each consisting of a battery in series with a variable conductance.
The voltage of each ionic pathway is determined by the concentrations of the ion on each side of the membrane; see the Reversal potential section above.
The conductance of each ionic pathway at any point in time is determined by the states of all the ion channels that are potentially permeable to that ion, including leakage channels, ligand-gated channels, and voltage-gated ion channels.
For fixed ion concentrations and fixed values of ion channel conductance, the equivalent circuit can be further reduced, using the Goldman equation as described below, to a circuit containing a capacitance in parallel with a battery and conductance.
Starting from any initial state, the current flowing across either the conductance or the capacitance decays with an exponential time course, with a time constant of , where is the capacitance of the membrane patch, and is the net resistance.
In most cases, changes in the conductance of ion channels occur on a faster time scale, so an RC circuit is not a good approximation; however, the differential equation used to model a membrane patch is commonly a modified version of the RC circuit equation.
When the membrane potential of a cell goes for a long period of time without changing significantly, it is referred to as a resting potential or resting voltage.
This term is used for the membrane potential of non-excitable cells, but also for the membrane potential of excitable cells in the absence of excitation.
In excitable cells, the other possible states are graded membrane potentials (of variable amplitude), and action potentials, which are large, all-or-nothing rises in membrane potential that usually follow a fixed time course.
This is similar in form to the Nernst equation shown above, in that it is based on the charges of the ions in question, as well as the difference between their inside and outside concentrations.
Being an anion, the chloride terms are treated differently from the cation terms; the intracellular concentration is in the numerator, and the extracellular concentration in the denominator, which is reversed from the cation terms.
In essence, the Goldman formula expresses the membrane potential as a weighted average of the reversal potentials for the individual ion types, weighted by permeability.
(Although the membrane potential changes about 100 mV during an action potential, the concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell do not change significantly.
The permeability to chloride can be high enough to be significant, but, unlike the other ions, chloride is not actively pumped, and therefore equilibrates at a reversal potential very close to the resting potential determined by the other ions.
Values of resting membrane potential in most animal cells usually vary between the potassium reversal potential (usually around -80 mV) and around -40 mV.
The resting potential in excitable cells (capable of producing action potentials) is usually near -60 mV—more depolarized voltages would lead to spontaneous generation of action potentials.
In such cells, the resting potential value correlates with the degree of differentiation: undifferentiated cells in some cases may not show any transmembrane voltage difference at all.
Maintenance of the resting potential can be metabolically costly for a cell because of its requirement for active pumping of ions to counteract losses due to leakage channels.
This elevated membrane potential allows the cells to respond very rapidly to visual inputs; the cost is that maintenance of the resting potential may consume more than 20% of overall cellular ATP.
Little-differentiated cells are characterized by extremely high input resistance, which implies that few leakage channels are present at this stage of cell life.
As an apparent result, potassium permeability becomes similar to that for sodium ions, which places resting potential in-between the reversal potentials for sodium and potassium as discussed above.
The reduced leakage currents also mean there is little need for active pumping in order to compensate, therefore low metabolic cost.
As explained above, the potential at any point in a cell's membrane is determined by the ion concentration differences between the intracellular and extracellular areas, and by the permeability of the membrane to each type of ion.
The ion concentrations do not normally change very quickly (with the exception of Ca, where the baseline intracellular concentration is so low that even a small influx may increase it by orders of magnitude), but the permeabilities of the ions can change in a fraction of a millisecond, as a result of activation of ligand-gated ion channels.
The change in membrane potential can be either large or small, depending on how many ion channels are activated and what type they are, and can be either long or short, depending on the lengths of time that the channels remain open.
Changes of this type are referred to as graded potentials, in contrast to action potentials, which have a fixed amplitude and time course.
As can be derived from the Goldman equation shown above, the effect of increasing the permeability of a membrane to a particular type of ion shifts the membrane potential toward the reversal potential for that ion.
Likewise, opening K channels shifts the membrane potential toward about –90 mV, and opening Cl channels shifts it toward about –70 mV (resting potential of most membranes).
Thus, Na channels shift the membrane potential in a positive direction, K channels shift it in a negative direction (except when the membrane is hyperpolarized to a value more negative than the K reversal potential), and Cl channels tend to shift it towards the resting potential.
Graded membrane potentials are particularly important in neurons, where they are produced by synapses—a temporary change in membrane potential produced by activation of a synapse by a single graded or action potential is called a postsynaptic potential.
Neurotransmitters that act to open Na channels typically cause the membrane potential to become more positive, while neurotransmitters that activate K channels typically cause it to become more negative; those that inhibit these channels tend to have the opposite effect.
Whether a postsynaptic potential is considered excitatory or inhibitory depends on the reversal potential for the ions of that current, and the threshold for the cell to fire an action potential (around –50mV).
A current with a reversal potential above the resting potential, but below threshold, will not by itself elicit action potentials, but will produce subthreshold membrane potential oscillations.
Thus, neurotransmitters that act to open Na channels produce excitatory postsynaptic potentials, or EPSPs, whereas neurotransmitters that act to open K or Cl channels typically produce inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, or IPSPs.
By plugging in the concentration gradients and the permeabilities of the ions at any instant in time, one can determine the membrane potential at that moment.
What the GHK equations means is that, at any time, the value of the membrane potential will be a weighted average of the equilibrium potentials of all permeant ions.
While cells expend energy to transport ions and establish a transmembrane potential, they use this potential in turn to transport other ions and metabolites such as sugar.
Cells may draw on the energy they store in the resting potential to drive action potentials or other forms of excitation.
These changes in the membrane potential enable communication with other cells (as with action potentials) or initiate changes inside the cell, which happens in an egg when it is fertilized by a sperm.
In neuronal cells, an action potential begins with a rush of sodium ions into the cell through sodium channels, resulting in depolarization, while recovery involves an outward rush of potassium through potassium channels.
Seán Flanagan (26 January 1922 – 5 February 1993) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and Gaelic footballer who served as Minister for Health from 1966 to 1969, Minister for Lands from 1969 to 1973, and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1965 to 1966.
He served as a Teachta Dála for the Mayo South constituency from 1951 to 1969, and for Mayo East from 1969 to 1977.
He later studied at Clonliffe College in Dublin, and then enrolled in University College Dublin where he studied law and qualified as a solicitor.
In recognition of his skills and long-running contribution to the sport, Flanagan was awarded the 1992 All-time all-star award as no GAA All Stars Awards were being issued at the time of his playing career.
In 1984, the Gaelic Athletic Association centenary year he was honoured by being named on their Football Team of the Century.
He was elected a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for Mayo South at the 1951 general election, and won a seat—first there, then from 1969 in Mayo East—at each subsequent election until he lost his seat at the 1977 general election.
Flanagan lost his seat at the 1977 general election, and effectively retired from domestic politics; however, he was elected to the European Parliament in the first direct elections in 1979.
A singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist, he has released five albums under the name Mull Historical Society as well as two albums under his own name.
His paternal grandfather, Angus Macintyre, was a poet and his brother Kenny Macintyre is a radio journalist for BBC Scotland Sport.
He formed a covers band of his own called Trax, later renamed Love Sick Zombies, while still at Tobermory Primary School.
In the late 1980s he and his brother moved to Glasgow, where he attended Glasgow Caledonian University, trained with Queen's Park F.C., worked for a stockbroker, and then for telephone company BT's 192 directory enquiries service for three years.
MacIntyre coined the name Mull Historical Society after seeing an advert for an organisation which has since changed its name to the Mull Historical and Archaeological Society.
In 2000-01 Mull Historical Society played support for Elbow and the Strokes, and in 2002 for R.E.M., the Delgados and The Polyphonic Spree.
One of its songs is about the death of David Kelly, and the album also includes a recording of MacIntyre's grandmother.
Eileen Christine Desmond (; 29 December 1932 – 6 January 2005) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served as Minister for Health and Minister for Social Welfare from 1981 to 1982.
She was born in Kinsale, County Cork, and educated locally at the Convent of Mercy in Kinsale, where she was one of only two girls in her class to sit the Leaving Certificate examination.
Desmond was first elected to Dáil Éireann in a by-election on 10 March 1965, caused by the death of her husband Dan Desmond who had been a TD since 1948.
Her victory in the Cork Mid constituency led Taoiseach Seán Lemass to dissolve the 17th Dáil and call a general election.
However, Desmond was then elected to the 12th Seanad on the Industrial and Commercial Panel, where she served until her re-election to the 20th Dáil following the 1973 general election.
However, her time in Europe was short-lived, as she returned to domestic politics when she was offered a position as Minister and the chance to impact upon national legislation.
Desmond's cabinet appointment was historic, as she was only the second woman to be a member of cabinet since the foundation of the state in 1922, and the first in any Fine Gael-Labour Party cabinet.
Countess Markievicz had held the cabinet post of Minister for Labour in the revolutionary First Dáil in 1919, but only one woman had held cabinet office after the foundation of the state, Máire Geoghegan-Quinn of Fianna Fáil who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979.
John James Boland (30 November 1944 – 14 August 2000) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Health from January 1987 to March 1987, Minister for the Environment from 1986 to 1987, Minister for the Public Service from 1982 to 1986 and Minister for Education from 1981 to 1982.
He was educated at Synge Street Christian Brothers School and University College Dublin, where he received a Bachelor of Commerce degree.
Boland was eventually elected to Dáil on his third attempt at the 1977 general election as a Fine Gael TD for the Dublin County North constituency.
Brendan Howlin (born 9 May 1956) is an Irish Labour Party politician who has served as Leader of the Labour Party since May 2016.
He served as Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2011 to 2016, Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 2007 to 2011, Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1994 to 1997 and Minister for Health from 1993 to 1994.
Born into a highly political family in Wexford, Howlin is the son of John and Molly Howlin (née Dunbar), and named after Brendan Corish, the local Labour TD and future leader of the Labour Party.
Howlin's father was a trade union official who served as secretary of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union, in Wexford, for 40 years.
He also secured election as a Labour member of Wexford Corporation, where he served for eighteen years, and was also election agent to Brendan Corish.
During his career as a teacher he was active in the Irish National Teachers' Organisation, before embarking on a career in full-time politics.
He ran as a Labour candidate in the Wexford constituency, despite the existence of a large left-wing vote in the area, Howlin was not elected.
In spite of this setback, a Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition government came to power and he was nominated by the Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald to serve in Seanad Éireann as a Senator.
In spite of his recent entry to the Dáil, Howlin was subsequently named Chief Whip of the Labour Party, a position he held until 1993.
The 1992 general election resulted in a hung Dáil once again; however, the Labour Party enjoyed their best result to date.
During his tenure the development of a four-year health strategy, the identifying of HIV/AIDS prevention as a priority and the securing of a £35 million investment in childcare were advanced.
In 1994, the Labour Party withdrew from government after a disagreement over the appointment of Attorney General Harry Whelehan as a Judge of the High Court and President of the High Court.
No general election was called and, while it was hoped that the coalition could be revived under the new Fianna Fáil leader Bertie Ahern, the arithmetic of the Dáil now allowed the Labour Party to open discussions with other opposition parties.
Following the 1997 general election, a Fianna Fáil-Progressive Democrats coalition government came to power and the Labour Party returned to the opposition benches.
In late 1997, Dick Spring resigned as leader of the Labour Party and Howlin immediately threw his hat into the ring in the subsequent leadership election.
In a choice between Howlin and Ruairi Quinn, the former gained some early support; however, the leadership eventually went to Quinn by a significant majority.
As a show of unity Howlin was later named deputy leader of the party and retained his brief as Spokesperson for the Environment and Local Government.
In 2002, following Quinn's resignation as party leader after Labour's relatively unsuccessful 2002 general election campaign, Howlin again stood for the party leadership.
For the second time in five years Howlin was defeated for the leadership of the party, this time by Pat Rabbitte, who was formerly a leading figure in Democratic Left.
While having been publicly supportive of Rabbitte's leadership, he was perceived as being the leader of the wing of the party which was sceptical of Rabbitte's policy with regard to future coalition with Fianna Fáil.
After the 2011 general election, Fine Gael and the Labour Party formed a government, Howlin was appointed to the new office of Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform.
In May 2011, he said that over the next 20 years the number of people in Ireland over 65 is set to increase by almost half a million, a situation that could see the annual health budget soar – rising by €12.5 billion in the next decade alone.
He said a new public spending review, on which he had briefed the cabinet in recent days, would not be a simple assessment of where to make cuts, but would also consider the way public sector services were delivered.
Howlin retained his seat in the Dáil following the 2016 general election, though only six of his Labour colleagues did likewise and the party returned to the opposition benches.
Following the resignation of Joan Burton, Howlin contested the 2016 Labour Party leadership election and was elected Leader of the Labour Party on 20 May 2016.
In March 2018, Howlin criticised Taoiseach Leo Varadkar for failing to personally invite him to accompany Varadkar as he met ambulance crews in Howlin's constituency of Wexford.
Momo is fascinated by the elderly Turkish Muslim man, Ibrahim Demirci (), who runs a grocery store across the street from his apartment (where Momo often shoplifts).
Momo and Ibrahim go on a journey in their new car (a Simca Aronde Océane) to Turkey, Ibrahim's native country, where Momo learns about Ibrahim's culture.
At the end of their adventure, Ibrahim is killed in a car crash and Momo returns to Paris to take over the shop.
The frame story is a group of ladies at their spinning who relate the current theories on a great variety of subjects.
The work is of considerable value for the light it throws on medieval manners, and for its echoes of folklore, sometimes deeply buried under layers of Christianity.
He dedicated the work to Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar and expressed the hope that it would aid in the political education of her children.
Leaning on perhaps mostly oral tradition surrounding the originally Celtic region of Poitou, it is one of the first literary versions of the tale of Melusine, a fairy cursed by her fairy mother to become a hybrid woman/serpent every Saturday.
If she married a mortal man who remained faithful to her and obeyed her request never to seek her out on that day, she would gain the status of a mortal woman and enjoy salvation as a Christian.
She guided the spectacular rise and subsequent fall of the House of Lusignan after she met the nobleman Rainmondin by a fountain in the forest, who married her and fathered ten sons on her whose exploits in the Crusades brought them fame, despite the fact that most of them carried some form of physical blemish.
Raimondin remains faithful to his promise until he is persuaded to believe that her hiding every Saturday is an excuse for her to entertain a lover, and he spies on her in her bath.
He doesn't betray her secret until one of their most deformed sons, Geoffrey Big-Tooth, burns down the monastery his brother Fromont has retired to.
In despair, Raimondin curses her publicly for her demonic nature that has infected their sons, and she turns into a dragon and flies away, wailing.
The northernmost branch, the West Branch, begins just to the west of the village of Brandon in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin and flows east and then south to Horicon Marsh.
The East Branch rises southeast of Allenton in Washington County just west of the Niagara Escarpment, and flows north and west through Theresa to the marsh.
Leaving the marsh, it meanders southward to the Illinois border ending about 300 miles later at the Mississippi River at the Quad Cities in Illinois and Iowa.
During its course it passes through Watertown, collects the Crawfish River in Jefferson, and receives the Bark River at Fort Atkinson.
In northern Rock County it receives the Yahara River, and flows southward through Janesville and Beloit into northern Illinois, where it receives the Pecatonica River 5 miles (8 km) south of the state line.
It flows south through Rockford, then southwest across northwestern Illinois, picking up the Kishwaukee River, passing Oregon, Dixon, Sterling (which has the Sinnissippi Mounds national historic site and local park) and Rock Falls before joining the Mississippi at Rock Island.
These are in Theresa (WI, 3 dams), Waupun (WI), Horicon (WI), Mayville (WI, 2 dams), Kekoskee (WI), Hustisford (WI), Watertown (WI, 2 dams), Jefferson (WI, 4 dams), Indianford (WI), Janesville (WI), Beloit (WI), Rockton (IL), Rockford Fordham (IL), Oregon (IL), Dixon (IL), Sterling / Rock Falls (IL, 2 dams), Milan (IL) and Rock Island (IL).
The Rock River Water Trail is on the river from its headwaters above the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in south central Wisconsin to the confluence with the Mississippi River at the Quad Cities of Illinois and Iowa 330 miles downriver.
The first two trailheads are at Waupun County Park in Waupun, Wisconsin and Rivers Edge Park in Theresa, Wisconsin and there are 32 additional access points in Dodge County, Wisconsin.
Rock River Park is on County Road B about a half mile west of Johnson Creek, Wisconsin in Jefferson County, Wisconsin and offers river access and an artesian spring.
This was due in part to producer Jon Landau's distaste for the rough psychedelic rock movement, and his adoration for the straightforward rock and roll of the 1950s.
Though the album was viewed as a flop early on by most fans, and lacked the commercial success of their previous release, it would later be considered highly important due to the album's absolute projection of MC5's core sound and earliest influences.
On becoming national spokesperson of the impartial Electoral Reform Coalition from 1989 to 1993 he had to resign his party membership.
After he became co-leader of the Greens in 1995, voters first elected him to Parliament in the 1996 election as an Alliance list MP.
From 1989 to 1993 he served as spokesperson for the Electoral Reform Coalition during the campaign that led to the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation.
Subsequently, he played a major part in getting legislation passed to allow STV voting in local body elections in New Zealand.
He also served as the Green Party spokesperson on Buy Kiwi Made, commerce, electoral reform, finance and revenue, land information, regional development and small business, superannuation, sustainable economics, state services, statistics, tourism, trade, and waste.
The Parliament showed its respect for Donald by suspending a day of business, and a minute of silence was observed in the House of Representatives.
They include diverse potentials such as receptor potentials, electrotonic potentials, subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, slow-wave potential, pacemaker potentials, and synaptic potentials, which scale with the magnitude of the stimulus.
They occur at the postsynaptic dendrite in response to presynaptic neuron firing and release of neurotransmitter, or may occur in skeletal, smooth, or cardiac muscle in response to nerve input.
Graded potentials that make the membrane potential less negative or more positive, thus making the postsynaptic cell more likely to have an action potential, are called excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs).
When the presynaptic neuron has an action potential, Ca enters the axon terminal via voltage-dependent calcium channels and causes exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, causing neurotransmitter to be released.
If the EPSP is not large enough to trigger an action potential, the membrane subsequently repolarizes to its resting membrane potential.
Graded potentials that make the membrane potential more negative, and make the postsynaptic cell less likely to have an action potential, are called inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs).
Hyperpolarization of membranes is caused by influx of Cl or efflux of K. As with EPSPs, the amplitude of the IPSP is directly proportional to the number of synaptic vesicles that were released.
Temporal summation occurs when graded potentials within the postsynaptic cell occur so rapidly that they build on each other before the previous ones fade.
An action potential occurs when the summated EPSPs, minus the summated IPSPs, in an area of membrane reach the cell's threshold potential.
In God We Trust, Inc. is a hardcore punk EP by the Dead Kennedys and the first of the group's albums with drummer D.H. Peligro.
The record is a screed against things ranging from organized religion and Neo-Nazis, to the pesticide Kepone and government indifference that worsened the effects of Minamata disease catastrophes.
These little high-tempo records packed in as many as 10 songs each and helped define the 1980s genre of hardcore punk.
In wanting to pay tribute to this faster form of punk rock, and to showcase the talents of their new drummer D.H. Peligro, the Dead Kennedys put together some new material and amped up a few songs that had only been heard on their 1978 demo and in early live shows.
Originally a dig at California governor Jerry Brown, the band reworked the song to be about newly elected president Ronald Reagan and added an element of lounge music in contrast with the fast-tempo hardcore punk music on the rest of the record.
The session was videotaped by Joe Rees of Target Video with Mike Fox, the session engineer, sending the rough mix to the video feed.
When the group took the tracks to be mixed, they discovered that the magnetic tape used for the recording was defective—the oxide surface of the tape began to peel during playback, thereby destroying the recordings.
The band then re-recorded all eight songs on August 22 at Mobius Music, and these recordings were released on the EP.
Years later, enhanced restoration techniques allowed for five tracks to be recovered from the master tapes from the earlier Subterranean sessions.
The album cover depicts a golden Jesus crucified on a cross of dollar bills, with a background of a shiny metal material.
The band released the record internationally in 1981 on their own Alternative Tentacles label, in partnership with various other independent record labels in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
Developed by BioWare and published by LucasArts, the game was released for the Xbox on July 15, 2003, and for Microsoft Windows on November 19, 2003.
The game was later ported to Mac OS X, iOS, and Android by Aspyr, and it is playable on the Xbox 360 and Xbox One via their respective backward compatibility features.
Players choose from three character classes (Scout, Soldier or Scoundrel) and customize their characters at the beginning of the game, and engage in round-based combat against enemies.
Through interacting with other characters and making plot decisions, players can earn Light Side and Dark Side Points, and the alignment system will determine whether the player's character aligns with the light or dark side of the Force.
Ed Asner, Ethan Phillips, and Jennifer Hale were hired to perform voices for the game's characters, while Jeremy Soule composed the soundtrack.
Players choose from three basic character classes (Scout, Soldier or Scoundrel) at the beginning of the game and later choose from three Jedi subclasses (Guardian, Sentinel or Consular).
Feats and Force powers are generally unlocked upon level-up, while the player is given skill points to distribute among their skills every level.
Combat is round-based; time is divided into discrete rounds, and combatants attack and react simultaneously, although these actions are presented sequentially on-screen.
While each round's duration is a fixed short interval of real time, the player can configure the combat system to pause at specific events or the end of each round, or set the combat system to never automatically pause, giving the illusion of real-time combat.
While these are not displayed directly on the screen, the full breakdown for each action (including die rolls and modifiers) is accessible from a menu.
The alignment system tracks actions and speech—from simple word choices to major plot decisions—to determine whether the player's character aligns with the light or dark side of the Force.
Generosity and altruism lead to the light side, while selfish or violent actions will lead the player's character to the dark side, which will alter the character's appearance, turning their eyes yellow and their skin pale.
In addition to the standard role-playing gameplay, there are several minigame events that come up over the course of the game.
The player can participate in swoop racing to earn money, and sometimes interplanetary travel will be interrupted by enemy starfighters, which begins a minigame where the player controls a turret to shoot down the opposing starcraft.
The player can also engage in a card game known as pazaak, which is similar to the game of blackjack, to gamble money.
Darth Malak, a former Jedi, Dark Lord of the Sith, and Darth Revan's former apprentice, has unleashed a Sith armada against the Republic.
Malak's aggression has left the Jedi scattered and vulnerable; many Jedi Knights have fallen in battle, and others have sworn allegiance to Malak.
The player character soon meets up with Carth Onasi, a skilled pilot and Republic war hero, and they escape the doomed warship.
After suffering a strange vision, the player character awakens in an abandoned apartment with Carth, who explains that Taris is currently under martial law by Malak's forces who are currently searching for the Jedi Knight Bastila Shan, known for her mastery of battle meditation, a Force technique which strengthens one's allies and weakens one's enemies during battle.
Carth and the player character go in search of her and manage to meet new companions along the way, such as the Twi'lek street urchin Mission Vao and her Wookiee companion Zaalbar.
The player's character and their companions search planets across the galaxy—Dantooine, Manaan, Tatooine, Kashyyyk, and Korriban—for more information about the Star Forge, gaining new companions along the way such as the Cathar Jedi Juhani, assassin droid HK-47, and 'Grey' Jedi Jolee Bindo.
Through the course of their travels, the player will eventually discover their character's true identity—the brainwashed Darth Revan, whom the Jedi Council on Dantooine took in and subjected to memory modification so that he would no longer be a threat to the galaxy, the various visions they had been experiencing being Revan's memories.
Darth Revan had been injured when attacking a Republic planet because Darth Malak turned his ship's guns on his former master, intent on usurping him.
Because Bastila was aboard Revan's ship with a Jedi strike force, she was able to heal him and bring him to the Jedi Council on Dantooine.
Depending on the character's alignment, upon ultimately reaching the Star Forge, they either defeat the Sith (the light-side path) or usurp control from Malak (the dark-side path).
A light-aligned character is hailed as a saviour and hero; a dark-side character stands before the remaining Sith forces as the new Dark Lord of the Sith.
Eventually joining the main character's quest are veteran Republic pilot Carth Onasi, the Twi'lek teenager Mission Vao and her Wookiee companion Zaalbar, the Jedi Bastila Shan, 'Grey' Jedi Jolee Bindo, utility droid T3-M4, Mandalorian mercenary Canderous Ordo, and assassin droid HK-47 if he is bought.
Antagonists include Black Vulkar gang leader Brejik, crime boss Davik Kang, bounty hunter Calo Nord, Zaalbar's twisted brother Chuundar, Malak's Sith apprentice Darth Bandon, Sith Admiral Saul Karath, Sith Overseer Uthar Wynn, Rakatan tribe leader The One, and Darth Malak, the Dark Lord of the Sith.
On several planets, the main character deals with Czerka Corporation, a company operating on several planets that allied itself with the Sith, engaged in the slave trade and other nefarious practices.
A space station near Yavin is a playable location in the PC, Mac OS X, and mobile versions of the game and is available to Xbox players via download from Xbox Live.
In July 2000, BioWare announced that they were working with LucasArts to create a Star Wars role-playing video game for the PC and next-generation consoles.
Project director Casey Hudson said that one of the greatest achievements and one of the greatest risks was the combat system.
It was highly detailed for its time: grass waves in the wind, dust blows across Tatooine and puffs of sand rise as the player walks across the seabed.
Console games put effort into close-up action and overall render quality; PC games emphasize what can be done with high resolutions and super-sharp textures.
The PC version features an additional location the player can visit and more NPCs, items, and weapons; these additions were later made available on the Xbox version through Xbox Live.
A cast of around a hundred voice actors, including Ed Asner, Raphael Sbarge, Ethan Phillips, Jennifer Hale, and Phil LaMarr was assembled.
Actors were recorded one at a time, as the non-linear nature of the game meant it was too complicated and expensive to record more than one actor at a time.
Most of the dialogue recorded was spoken in Galactic Basic (represented by English); however, around a tenth of the script was written in Huttese.
In August 2002 it was announced on the game's forums that its release had been delayed: the Xbox version was to be released in spring 2003 and the PC version in summer 2003.
A further delay was announced in January 2003, with both versions of the game expected to be released in fall 2003.
Following the game's release, it was announced that free downloadable content would be available through Xbox Live at the end of the year.
In October 2017, Microsoft made the Xbox One console backward compatible with the Xbox version of the game, as part of a 13-game curated catalogue.
The game ultimately sold 270,000 copies in its initial two weeks and was ranked by The NPD Group as the #2 best-selling console game of its debut month across all platforms.
Although it dropped out of NPD's weekly top 10 by its third week, it claimed sixth place in computer game sales for November overall, and ninth for December.
It returned to the weekly top 10 during the December 28 – January 3 period but was absent again on the next week's chart.
Total sales of the game's Xbox and computer releases surpassed 2 million copies by February 2005 and 2.5 million by May and reached nearly 3 million by March 2006.
Recorded in San Francisco during June 1982, it was produced by the band's guitarist East Bay Ray and punk record producer Thom Wilson.
Most pressings of the album include a booklet containing lyrics and pieces of collage artwork by Biafra and Winston Smith that thematically tie in to the lyrics of each song on the album.
He was born in Manchester, England, the son of James Kipping, a Bank of England official, and Julia Du Val, a daughter of painter Charles Allen Du Val.
He was educated at Manchester Grammar School before enrolling in 1879 at Owens College (now Manchester University) for an external degree from the University of London.
After working for the local gas company for a short time he went in 1886 to Germany to work under William Henry Perkin, Jr. in the laboratories of Adolf von Baeyer at Munich University.
In 1890, Kipping was appointed chief demonstrator in chemistry for the City and Guilds of London Institute, where he worked for the chemist Henry Edward Armstrong.
In 1897 he moved to University College, Nottingham as professor of the chemistry department, and became the first newly endowed Sir Jesse Boot professor of chemistry at the university in 1928.
He was awarded their Davy Medal in 1918 and delivered their Bakerian Lecture in 1936 and awarded a Royal Society Bakerian Medal in the same year.
He married Lilian Holland in 1888, one of three sisters and both his brothers-in-law were eminent scientists themselves: Arthur Lapworth and William Henry Perkin, Jr.
He had four children including Cyril Henry Stanley who became a famous chess player and headmaster of Wednesbury Boys School and Frederick Barry who was also eminent in Chemistry an later edited his father's Organic Chemistry Book.
An excitatory synapse is a synapse in which an action potential in a presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a postsynaptic cell.
These electrical signals may be excitatory or inhibitory, and, if the total of excitatory influences exceeds that of the inhibitory influences, the neuron will generate a new action potential at its axon hillock, thus transmitting the information to yet another cell.
It may occur via direct contact between cells (i.e., via gap junctions), as in an electrical synapse, but most commonly occurs via the vesicular release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic axon terminal into the synaptic cleft, as in a chemical synapse.
The excitatory neurotransmitters, the most common of which is glutamate, then migrate via diffusion to the dendritic spine of the postsynaptic neuron and bind a specific transmembrane receptor protein that triggers the depolarization of that cell.
Depolarization, a deviation from a neuron’s resting membrane potential towards its threshold potential, increases the likelihood of an action potential and normally occurs with the influx of positively charged sodium (Na) ions into the postsynaptic cell through ion channels activated by neurotransmitter binding.
The Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden in St Ives, Cornwall preserves the 20th-century sculptor Barbara Hepworth's studio and garden much as they were when she lived and worked there.
She purchased the site in 1949 and lived and worked there for 26 years until her death in a fire on the premises in 1975.
The studio, known as Trewyn Studio, was purchased by Barbara Hepworth in 1949, and is typical of the stone-built houses in St Ives.
Her living room is furnished as she left it, while the workshop remains full of her tools and equipment, materials, and part-worked pieces.
In 1950 she acquired two huge blocks of Galway limestone which she carved into her Festival of Britain commission, the Contrapuntal Forms.
Wood carving was done in an upstairs room, and the bronze statues she started casting in 1956 had their origins in the plaster prototypes she worked on in the upper of the two outside studios.
Barbara Hepworth died in a fire at this site in 1975, which was caused by one of her cigarettes making some package burn, when she was aged 72.
This idea was first introduced by Alice Silverberg and Karl Rubin in 2003 in the form of a public key algorithm by the name of CEILIDH.
Like the fire of Hamburg in 1842, which led to the foundation of the first professional reinsurers in Germany, the great fire of Glarus in 1861 showed that insurance coverage was totally inadequate in Switzerland in the event of such a catastrophe.
The Swiss Reinsurance Company of Zurich was founded on 19 December 1863 by the Helvetia General Insurance Company (now known as Helvetia Versicherungen) in St. Gallen, the Schweizerische Kreditanstalt (Credit Suisse) in Zurich and the Basler Handelsbank (predecessor of UBS AG) in Basel.
The official foundation document bore the signature of the poet Gottfried Keller, who at the time was first secretary of the Canton of Zurich.
Swiss Re was the lead insurer of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks which led to an insurance dispute with the owner, Silverstein Properties.
In October 2006, the New York appeals court ruled in favor of Swiss Re, stating that the destruction of the twin towers was a single event rather than two, limiting coverage to 3.5 billion USD.
In 2009, Warren Buffett invested $2.6 billion as a part of Swiss Re's raising equity capital Berkshire Hathaway already owns a 3% stake, with rights to own more than 20%.
In June 2014, the company through Admin Re acquired the UK pensions business of HSBC Life (UK) Limited worth £4.2 billion.
In May 2016, the Fort McMurray Canadian wildfires caused estimated damages of up to 10 billion CAD with Swiss Re having the most exposure among reinsurers, covering 70-80% of the losses.
Members of the Executive Committee include Christian Mumenthaler, Chief Executive Officer; Guido Fürer, Chief Investment Officer; John R. Dacey, Chief Financial Officer; Patrick Raaflaub, Chief Risk Officer; Edi Schmid, Chief Underwriting Officer; Moses Ojeisekhoba, Chief Executive Officer Reinsurance; Andreas Berger, CEO Corporate Solutions; Jayne Plunkett, CEO Reinsurance Asia; J. Eric Smith, CEO Swiss Re Americas; and Anette Bronder, Chief Operating Officer.
In Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Swiss Re has offices in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Israel, South Africa, United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom.
In Asia and Australasia, the group has offices in the following countries: Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea.
Swiss Re is headquartered in Zurich where the parent company's main premises have stood on the shores of Lake Zurich since 1864.
Among the building's most distinctive features are its windows, which open to allow natural ventilation to supplement the mechanical systems for a good part of the year.
The landmark London skyscraper, designed by architect Norman Foster and popularly known as 'the gherkin', was confirmed sold on 5 February 2007 for over £600 million (US$1.18 billion) to a group formed of IVG Immobilien AG of Germany and Evans Randall of Mayfair.
The American headquarters of Swiss Re is located in Armonk, New York, on a 127-acre (52 hectares) site overlooking Westchester County's Kensico Reservoir.
Swiss Re also has offices in Alpharetta, Boston, Calabasas, Cape Town, Chicago, Dallas, Fort Wayne, Houston, Kansas City, Manchester, Marlton, New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Miami, Schaumburg, Illinois, and Windsor.
Swiss Re has two Canadian offices, in Toronto and Vancouver; Swiss Reinsurance Company Canada was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc. in October 2008, as announced by the Toronto Star newspaper.
At the time, only eight countries took part in the final stage of the tournament, seven of which had to come through the qualifying stage.
The sides played out a very close encounter until Michel Platini's goal on 78 minutes gave the hosts a 1–0 victory.
The opening game also saw a premature end to the tournament for Danish midfielder Allan Simonsen, who suffered a broken leg.
Yugoslavia, despite going out with no points, gave the hosts a fright in their last group game when they took a 1–0 lead into half-time and then reduced France's 3–1 lead to one goal six minutes from time.
Group 2 provided fewer goals, but produced a huge surprise as West Germany failed to qualify for the semi-finals after a 1–0 defeat in their last match to Spain with a late goal by Antonio Maceda, and a late Portugal win against Romania that sent the holders out.
The first semi-final between France and Portugal is often considered one of the best matches in the history of the European Championship.
The game went to extra time and Jordão scored again in the 98th minute to give the Portuguese a shock lead, but the French rallied and Domergue equalised with six minutes left.
Then, in the dying moments of the match and with a penalty shoot-out looming, Platini scored his eighth goal of the championship to give France a memorable 3–2 victory.
The other semi-final between Spain and Denmark saw two evenly matched sides draw 1–1 after extra time, as Søren Lerby's goal after only seven minutes was cancelled out by Maceda’s strike an hour later.
The match went to a penalty shoot-out, and Spain converted all five of their penalties to win 5–4 and reach the final for the first time since 1964.
Just before the hour mark, Platini scored from a free-kick to put France ahead following a mistake by Spanish goalkeeper Luis Arconada.
France were reduced to ten players when Yvon Le Roux was sent off, but Spain were unable to equalise, and Bruno Bellone's goal in injury time made the final score 2–0.
After trying out several formats, UEFA finally developed for the 1984 tournament the format that would serve for all subsequent eight-team European Championships.
The top two teams of each group advanced to semi-finals (reintroduced after being absent from the 1980 tournament) and the winners advanced to the final.
As usual at the time, a win was credited with two points only, teams on equal points were ranked by goal difference instead of head-to-head results, and the sudden-death rule in extra time did not apply.
Fixtures were scheduled according to an innovative rotation schedule in which each team played its three first-round matches in three different stadia.
This formula had the advantage of exposing residents of a given city to more teams but implied multiple and sometimes costly trips from town to town for fans who wanted to follow their side.
The small group of German hooligans responsible for the incidents was arrested and deported back to West Germany on the same day using a new law specially passed by the French Parliament ahead of the Euro.
Overall, the organisation was flawless, a feat that established France's credentials as a host nation and eventually helped it win the right to stage the 1998 FIFA World Cup.
The entire competition was marked by exceptionally fine weather which, along with the high quality of play throughout the tournament (a welcome change from the 1980 European Championship) and the absence of hooligans, contributed to a very positive and enjoyable experience for teams and fans alike.
It has the number 84 on the left side of its chest and its outfit is the same as the French national team, blue shirt, white shorts and red socks.
Marseille's Stade Vélodrome was expanded to 55,000 seats to host one semi-final and some group matches, becoming France's largest stadium on the occasion.
Stade de Gerland in Lyon, the venue for the other semi-final and some group matches as well, was thoroughly renovated and expanded to 40,000.
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard in Saint-Étienne and Stade Félix-Bollaert in Lens were the other existing stadia that hosted group matches and were expanded to 53,000 and 49,000, respectively.
Lastly, two all-new stadia were built to host group matches (and subsequently provided worthy home grounds for the traditionally strong local club teams): Stade de la Beaujoire in Nantes (53,000) was built on an entirely new site while Stade de la Meinau in Strasbourg was rebuilt from the ground up on the site of the old stadium into a modern 40,000-seat arena.
The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the two groups progress to the semi-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament.
It was created in the late 1990s by the Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission, a federal commission made to oversee the America's Industrial Heritage Project.
From that night on, her life would forever change as she met many important figures in the world of Japanese television.
In addition to Reed, the album features a number of guest vocalists including Laurie Anderson, David Bowie, Antony Hegarty, Steve Buscemi and Willem Dafoe.
They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.
In food and beverages they are formed by the enzymes of raw material or are generated by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids.
Endogenous amines are produced in many different tissues (for example: adrenaline in adrenal medulla or histamine in mast cells and liver).
MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) are also used as medications for the treatment of depression to prevent MAO from breaking down amines important for positive mood.
Biogenic amines can be found in all foods containing proteins or free amino acids and are found in a wide range of food products including fish products, meat products, dairy products, wine, beer, vegetables, fruits, nuts and chocolate.
In fermented foods, one can expect the presence of many kinds of microorganisms, some of them being capable of producing biogenic amines.
They play an important role as source of nitrogen and precursor for the synthesis of hormones, alkaloids, nucleic acids, proteins, amines and food aroma components.
Biogenic amines are naturally present in grapes or can occur during the vinification and aging processes, essentially due to the microorganism's activity.
When present in wines in high amount, biogenic amines may cause not only organoleptic defects but also adverse effects in sensitive human individuals, namely due to the toxicity of histamine, tyramine and putrescine.
Even though there are no legal limits for the concentration of biogenic amines in wines, some European countries only recommend maximum limits for histamine.
The determination of amines in wines is commonly achieved by liquid chromatography, using derivatization reagents in order to promote its separation and detection.
In alternative, other promising methodologies have been developed using capillary electrophoresis or biosensors, revealing lower costs and faster results, without needing a derivatization step.
From there it meanders east of Monticello where it is joined by the Little Sugar River and flows south through Albany, and Brodhead.
The river joins the Pecatonica River in northern Winnebago County near Shirland, approximately south of the state line and approximately north-northwest of Rockford.
The Upper Sugar River Watershed Association manages the watershed north of Belleville and the Lower Sugar River Watershed Association manages the watershed south of Albany.
Died on April 23, 2001 from cancer, Walker was 56 years old and was being treated at University of Texas M.D.
Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland and subsequently received flight training from the Naval Air Training Command at bases in Florida, Mississippi, and Texas.
From December 1970 to 1971, he attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was subsequently assigned in January 1972 as an experimental and engineering test pilot in the flight test division at the U.S.
While there, he participated in the Navy's preliminary evaluation and Board of Inspection and Survey trials of the F-14 Tomcat and tested a leading edge slat modification to the F-4 Phantom.
He then attended the United States Navy Safety Officer School at Monterey, California, and completed replacement pilot training in the F-14 Tomcat at NAS Miramar, California.
One of 35 candidates selected by NASA in January 1978 for the new Space Shuttle program, Walker became an astronaut in August 1979.
From July 1993 to June 1994, Walker was Chief of the Station/Exploration Support Office, Flight Crew Operations Directorate, after which he chaired the JSC Safety Review Board.
He was the Pilot on STS-51-A in 1984, and was the Commander of STS-30 in 1989, STS-53 in 1992 and STS-69 in 1995.
In 1989, while piloting a NASA T-38 Talon to Washington, D.C. for ceremonies honoring the crew of STS-30, Walker came within 100 ft (30 m) of striking a Pan Am jetliner.
That encounter and other infractions of NASA flying rules caused him to be grounded from July to September 1990, costing him the command of STS-44.
In the first space salvage mission in history, the crew also retrieved for return to Earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar VI satellites.
During the 4-day mission the crew successfully deployed the Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle.
Following 64 orbits of the Earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with the first cross-wind landing test of the Shuttle Orbiter at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
During 115 Earth orbits the five-man crew deployed a classified Department of Defense payload DOD-1 and then performed several Military-Man-in-Space and NASA experiments.
In April 1996, Walker retired from the Navy and left NASA to become Vice President for sales and marketing for NDC Voice Communications in San Diego, California.
The Workers' Communist Party of Canada () was a Canadian political party that nominated candidates in the 1972 and 1980 general elections.
The WCP was strongest in Quebec, but alienated many young Quebec progressive people because it declined to support independence for Quebec, although it did support Quebec's right to self-determination.
The most prominent former WCP member is Gilles Duceppe, former leader of the Bloc Québécois and former Leader of the Official Opposition in the House of Commons of Canada.
Born in St. Petersburg where his English father was a successful businessman, he studied in Russia, England and Germany, before beginning his career as a conductor in a series of German opera houses.
He was a success in England conducting Wagner at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1914, and in 1919 was appointed chief conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra.
After 1923 he failed to secure a permanent conductorship in the UK despite richly deserving of that honor, and for much of the rest of his life guest-conducted in continental Europe and the U.S.
Coates was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, the youngest of seven sons of a Yorkshire father, Charles Thomas Coates, who managed the Russian branch of an English company, and Mary Ann Gibson, who was born and raised in Russia to British parents.
After attending the Liverpool Institute High School for Boys and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, he studied science at Liverpool University.
In 1902, he entered the Leipzig Conservatory, to study the cello with Julius Klengel and the piano with Robert Teichmüller, but was drawn to conducting in Artur Nikisch's conducting classes.
From there he progressed to the post of assistant conductor at the Semperoper, Dresden (1907–08), under Ernst von Schuch and Mannheim in 1909 under Artur Bodanzky.
He made his London debut in May 1910, conducting the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) in a program consisting of a symphony by Maximilian Steinberg, Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto and Beethoven's Seventh Symphony.
The LSO gave the world premiere of Elgar's Cello Concerto under the baton of the composer, but Coates, who was conducting the rest of the programme, appropriated most of Elgar's allotted rehearsal time.
Among works from continental Europe introduced to England by Coates were Prokofiev's Third Piano Concerto and Rachmaninoff's Fourth Piano Concerto, each with its composer as soloist.
After his contract with the LSO expired in 1922, Coates held no more permanent conductorships in the UK, although he directed the Leeds music festivals of 1922 and 1925.
He conducted opera in Italy (1927 to 1929) and Germany (Berlin State Opera, 1931), and concerts with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (1935) and in the Netherlands, Sweden and the USSR, which he visited three times.
In 1938 he conducted George Lloyd's opera 'The Serf' at Covent Garden with The New English Opera Company, directed by Rosing.
He guest conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic and worked briefly in Hollywood, making cameo appearances in two 1944 MGM films, Two Girls and a Sailor and Song of Russia.
In 1946, Coates moved to South Africa, accepting the conductorships of the Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra and, later, the Cape Town Municipal Orchestra.
He settled in Milnerton, Cape Town, with his second wife Vera Joanna Nettlefold (a soprano professionally known as Vera de Villiers), and died there in 1953.
At a memorial concert held at the Wigmore Hall on 1 July 1959 the Piano Concerto was performed by the Anglo-French pianist Frank Laffitte with a section of the London Symphony Orchestra.
He conducted the 1929 first recording of Bach's Mass in B minor, BWV 232, and the 1930 premiere recording of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No.
However, because it was not a registered political party under the rules of Elections Canada, its candidates were considered to be independents.
The NALP was the Canadian affiliate of the Lyndon LaRouche movement, and later became the Party for the Commonwealth of Canada/Party for the Commonwealth-Republic.
The NALP did not have an official leader in Ontario during the 1977 election, although Joe Brewda appears to have been the party's spokesman.
He also argued in support of a gold-backed monetary system, and alleged that his party would have received 15% of the vote in the previous election had it not been for massive voter fraud.
Visceral efferent neurons innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, and have the ability to be either excitatory or inhibitory in function.
The structure of the autonomic neuromuscular junction consists of several essential features including that: the terminal portions of autonomic nerve fibers are varicose and mobile, transmitters being released ‘en passage’ from varying distances from the effector cells; while there is no structural post-junctional specialization on effector cells, receptors for neurotransmitters accumulate on cell membranes at close junctions.
Muscle effectors are bundles rather than single smooth muscle cells that are connected by gap junctions which allow electrotonic spread of activity between cells.
A multiplicity of transmitters are utilized by autonomic nerves, and co-transmission occurs often involving synergistic actions of the co-transmitters, although pre- and post-junctional neuromodulation of neurotransmitter release also take place.
In skeletal muscles, the junctions are mostly of the same distance and size because they innervate such definite structures of muscle fibers.
Analysis of non-noradrenergic/non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission at single varicosities or swellings indicates that individual synapses possess different probabilities for the secretion of transmitter as well as different complements of autoreceptors and mixtures of post-junctional receptor subunits.
Nerve terminals are the terminal part of the axon filled with neurotransmitters and are the location from which neurotransmitters are released.
Nerve terminals appear like a button in the CNS, end plates in striated muscle and varicosities in many tissues including the gut.
In many peripheral tissues, the varicose axon branches in its proximal course and carries a covering of Schwann sheath, which is interrupted and finally lost in its most terminal part.
The unmyelinated, preterminal axons with very long varicose branches are present in small axon bundles and varicose terminal axons are present as single isolated axons.
Post-junctional receptors also include some ionotropic receptors such as nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Nonsynaptic junctional transmission is the only mode of transmission involving the varicosities that show no synaptic contacts that includes almost all nerve terminals whose target is not a neuron.
Most smooth muscles exhibit both fast and slow junction potentials typically mediated by different classes of metabotropic receptors with different kinetics.
However, unlike the synapse, the junctional space is open to the extravascular space; the pre-junctional release site lacks the distinguishing features of the presynaptic active zone and release of the soluble transmitters; and the post junctional receptors include metabotropic receptors or slower acting ionotropic receptors.
Thus, wide junctional transmission has been described in many smooth muscles such as vas deferens, urinary bladder, blood vessels, gut as well as the nervous systems including ENS, autonomic ganglia and the CNS.
Control of gastrointestinal (GI) movements by enteric motoneurons is critical for orderly processing of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes.
Neuroeffector junctions in the tunica muscularis might consist of synaptic-like connectivity with specialized cells, and contributions from multiple cell types in integrated post-junctional responses.
Transduction of neurotransmitter signals by ICC cells and activation of ionic conductances would be conducted electronically via gap junctions to surrounding smooth muscle cells and influence the excitability of tissues.
Until then, all chemical neurotransmission was thought to involve synapses and the innervations of tissue were considered synonymous with the existence of a synapse.
Later, it was observed that at smooth muscle neuromuscular junctions in the gut and other peripheral autonomic neuroeffector junctions, neurotransmission takes place in the absence of any synapses and it was suggested that at these sites, neurotransmission involved non-synaptic transmission.
Target cells affected by a locally released transmitter even though located several hundreds to thousands of nanometers away from the release site are considered as being innervated.
These varicose axons resemble strings of beads with varicosities 0.5–2.0 μ in diameter and 1 to 3 μ in length and separated by inter-varicosity axon 0.1 to 0.2 μ in diameter.
The varicosities occur at 2–10 μm intervals and it has been estimated that a single adrenergic axon may have over 25,000 varicosities on its terminal part.
In the large contacts, the bare varicosities and the smooth muscles were separated by ~60 nm and in the small contacts the two were separated by ~400 nm.
Overall, non-synaptic junctional space between the neural release site and the post-junctional receptors may show variable degrees of separation between the release site on the pre-junctional nerve terminal and the post-junctional receptors on the target cell.
The discovery of NANC inhibitory and excitatory transmission as well as the fact that such transmission has to be considered as occurring to smooth muscle cells coupled together in an electrical Autonomic postganglionic nerves terminate in systems syncytium and that the excitatory NANC transmission of collateral branches, each of which possesses of the order gives rise to a calcium-dependent action potential.
Neuromuscular junctions in gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles may reflect innervation of, and post-junctional responses in, all three classes of post-junctional cells.
Transduction of neurotransmitter signals by ICC cells and activation of ionic conductances would be conducted electronically via gap junctions to surrounding smooth muscle cells and influence excitability.
If ICC are important intermediaries in motor neurotransmission, then loss of these cells could reduce communication between the enteric nervous system and the smooth muscle syncytium, resulting in reduced neural regulation of motility.
However, it was not until the advent of the electron microscope that we were able to provide us with a comprehensive view of the relationship between these varicose endings and smooth muscle.
Besides activation of K+ channels by NO, some authors have suggested that Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, which are active under basal conditions, can be suppressed as part of the post-junctional response to NO.
These findings make the point that ICC are innervated and transmitters reach high enough concentration to activate post-junctional signaling pathways in ICC.
There is no reason to assume a priori that responses to neurotransmitters released from neurons and exogenous transmitter substances are mediated by the same cells, receptors or post-junctional (transduction) signaling pathways.
Neurotransmitters released from varicosities may be spatially limited to specific populations of receptors, whereas transmitters added to organ baths may bind to receptors on a variety of cells.
The essential features are that: the terminal portions of autonomic nerve fibers are varicose and mobile; transmitters are released from varicosities at varying distances from the effector cells; and while there is no structural post-junctional specialization on effector cells, receptors for neurotransmitters accumulate on cell membranes at close junctions.
Smooth muscle effectors are bundles rather than single cells, that are connected by gap junctions which allow electrotonic spread of activity between cells.
Many smooth muscle cells in a transverse section through a muscle bundle show regions of very close apposition to adjacent cells at which connexins form junctions between the cells.
Unlike in cardiac muscle, where gap junctions are confined to the ends of cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle gap junctions occur along the length of the muscle cells as well as towards their ends.
There are small bundles of three to seven varicose axons, partially or wholly enveloped in Schwann-cell sheath, both on the surface of the muscle as well as in the body of smooth muscle bundles.
In addition, single varicose axons can be found on the surface and in the muscle bundles, and become divested of Schwann cells in the region of apposition between the varicosities and smooth muscle cells.
The active zone of individual sympathetic varicosities, delineated by a high concentration of syntaxin, occupies an area on the pre-junctional membrane of about 0.2 μm; this gives a junctional gap between the pre-junctional active zone and post-junctional membranes that varies between about 50 and 100 nm.
The post-junctional membrane beneath the varicosity can possess a patch about 1 μm of purinergic P2X1 receptors in high density, although this is not always the case.
A nerve impulse gives rise to a transient increase in calcium concentration in every varicosity, primarily due to the opening of N-type calcium channels, as well as to a smaller increase in the intervaricose regions.
The probability of secretion from a varicosity may depend on the number of secretosomes that the varicosity possesses, where a secretosome is a complex of syntaxin, synaptotagmin, an N-type calcium channel, and a synaptic vesicle.
A multiplicity of transmitters are utilized by autonomic nerves, and cotransmission occurs, often involving synergistic actions of the cotransmitters, although pre- and post-junctional neuromodulation of neurotransmitter release also take place.
Cotransmission without co-storage occurs in parasympathetic nerves, where terminals staining for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter can also contain nitric oxide synthase, suggesting that they release NO as a gaseous neurotransmitter.
Neuroeffector Ca transients (NCT) have been used to detect the packeted release of the neurotransmitter ATP acting on post-junctional P2X receptors to cause the Ca influx.
ATP released from varicosities is modulated by the concomitant release of noradrenaline that acts on the varicosities through α2-adrenoceptors to decrease the influx of calcium ions that accompanies the nerve impulse.
NCT can also be used to detect the local effects of noradrenaline through its α2-adrenoceptor-mediated pre-junctional autoinhibitory effects on nerve terminal Ca concentration and the probability of exocytosis (measured by counting NCTs).
There is evidence that exocytosis from sympathetic varicosities depends on their history, and that the release of a packet of ATP transiently suppresses (or predicts the transient suppression of) subsequent release.
The poverty of NCTs occurring within 5s of one another indicates that exocytosis from a varicosity transiently suppresses the probability of release from that varicosity.
This could arise by autoinhibition (by the pre-junctional action of noradrenaline or purines) or due to a transient shortage of vesicles readily available for release.
If there are n varicosities within the diffusion range of a particular varicosity, we can consider the number of such varicosities that might need to be present in order that, on average (using P =0.5 to give the median value), neurotransmitter will be released locally.
During a five-impulse train, assuming that the last impulse in the train cannot autoinhibit the Ca influx during the train, the expectation value of n can be found by solving [(1 − 0.019)] =(1 − 0.5), i.e.
If the density of varicosities is around 2.2 per 1000 μm, this number of varicosities should occur within an average range (radius) of about 10 μm (noting that within such a radius there is a tissue volume of about 4200 μm).
Therefore, even in the presence of highly intermittent noradrenaline release, one would expect the average varicosity in this organ to be within 10 μm of a released packet of noradrenaline at some time during a five-impulse stimulus train (excluding the last impulse).
The time course of the junctional potential has been divided into two most frequently observed time courses representing ‘close’ and ‘wide’ junctional transmissions.
The slow electrical potentials reach a peak in about 150 ms and then decline with a time constant between 250 and 500 ms.
These responses typically last several seconds to minutes and may be depolarizing and excitatory, or hyperpolarizing and inhibitory, and have been called slow EJP or slow IJP, respectively.
If this channel is open, conductance changes in cell are reflected in smooth muscle; post-junctional integrated responses are triggered by neuroeffector junctions and interstitial cells.
Based on anatomic location and function, two main types of ICC have been described: myenteric ICC (ICC-MY) and intramuscular ICC (ICC-IM).
ICC-MY are present around the myenteric plexus and thought to be pacemaker cells for slow waves in the smooth muscle cells.
Calcium imaging studies in the colon have shown that ICC-MY is innervated by nitrergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, though the nature of the contacts has not been well defined.
These contacts include areas of electron dense lining on the inner aspect of the varicosity membrane without any postsynaptic density on the membrane of ICC.
If ICC are important intermediaries in motor neurotransmission, then loss of these cells could reduce communication between the enteric nervous system and the smooth muscle syncytium, resulting in reduced neural regulation of motility.
Classical excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are concentrated and released from neurovesicles located in enteric nerve terminals or varicose regions of motor nerves, whereas nitric oxide is probably synthesized de novo as calcium concentration increases in nerve terminals upon membrane depolarization.
ICC-IM form gap junctions with smooth muscle cells and post-junctional electrical responses generated in ICC are conducted to the smooth muscle syncytium.
Recent morphological evidence using anterograde tracing methods, has shown close apposition between vagal and spinal afferents and ICC-IM within the stomach wall (Fig.
5) and their absence in mutant animals that lack ICC-IM also supports a role for ICC-IM as possible integrators for in-series stretch-dependent changes in this organ.
The Christian Democrat Party of Canada was a Canadian political party that organized briefly in 1981-82, in an attempt to start a right-wing populist party.
In a 1982 by-election in Toronto's Broadview—Greenwood riding, Thompson, running as an independent, won 38 votes, or 0.14% of the total.
He placed eighth in a field of nine candidates, following three other independents and the Rhinoceros Party of Canada candidate, but placing ahead of perennial candidate John Turmel, who collected 19 votes.
The Pecatonica River is a tributary of the Rock River, long, in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois in the United States.
It flows south-southeast into Illinois, past Freeport, where it turns east, then east-northeast, receiving the Sugar River near Shirland in northern Winnebago County, south of the state line.
The river is the chief attraction of the Pecatonica Wetlands Forest Preserve and the Crooked River Forest Preserve off U.S. Highway 20 near Pecatonica, Illinois.
The Trask Bridge Forest Preserve and the Two Rivers Forest Preserve at the confluence of the Sugar River and Pecatonica River provide public boat launches, picnic areas, and fishing opportunities.
At the mouth of the Pecatonica is the Macktown Forest Preserve on Illinois Route 75 near Rockton, the site of the ghost town of Macktown or Pe-Katonic.
The Nygren Wetland Preserve, located at the confluence of the Pecatonica River and the Rock River, has been restored from farmland to prairie, oak savanna, wetland, and oxbow pond.
The river is the focus of the Pecatonica River Woods State Natural Area near Mineral Point in Iowa County, owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and designated as a natural area in 1992.
The Pecatonica River Woods SNA was listed on the basis of possessing a diverse range of forest ecosystems, from southern dry, through mesic, to floodplain.
The Weir White Oaks State Natural Area, a privately owned preserve managed by the Wisconsin DNR, contains high-quality old growth upland forest and was designated a state natural area in 2002.
The Pecatonica River flooded again in October 2019, along with other Chicago area rivers including the Fox River and the Rock River.
Greene's novel tells the story of a renegade Roman Catholic 'whisky priest' (a term coined by Greene) living in the Mexican state of Tabasco in the 1930s, a time when the Mexican government was attempting to suppress the Catholic Church.
The main character is an unnamed 'whisky priest', who combines a great power for self-destruction with pitiful cravenness, an almost painful penitence, and a desperate quest for dignity.
This Lieutenant – also unnamed but thought to be based upon Tomás Garrido Canabal – is a committed socialist who despises the Church.
However, while the other states of Mexico seem to follow a Don't-ask-don't-tell policy, the state of Tabasco enforces the ban rigorously.
Mexico, or at least Tabasco, is ruled on socialist grounds, and priests have either been settled by the state with wives (breaking celibacy) and pensions in exchange for their renouncing the faith and being strictly banned to fulfill priestly functions (such as one Padre José), or else have left the state or are on the run.
The story starts with the arrival of the main character in a small country town and then follows him on his trip through Tabasco, where he tries to minister to the people as best he can.
In doing so, he is faced by a lot of problems, not least of which is that Tabasco is also prohibitionist, with the unspoken prime objective to hinder celebration of the Sacrifice of the Mass, for which actual wine is an essential.
He is also haunted by his personal problems and past and present sins, especially by the fact that he fathered a child in his parish some years before; additionally, his use of whiskey may be bordering on addiction and certainly is beyond the limit of good measure in his own view.
Rather, he feels a deep love for the evil-looking and awkward little girl and decides to do everything in his power to save her from damnation.
The lieutenant has also had bad experiences with the church in his youth, and as a result there is a personal element in his search for the whisky priest.
The lieutenant thinks that all members of the clergy are fundamentally evil, and believes that the church is corrupt, and does nothing but provide delusion to the people.
In his flight from the lieutenant and his posse, the priest escapes into a neighbouring province, only to re-connect with the mestizo, who persuades the priest to return to hear the confession of a dying man.
One faithful Catholic woman we had previously encountered telling lives of the saints in the underground has added the life of the protagonist to her repertoire, while forbidding her son to ever remember that this priest smelled strangely out of his mouth.
On a lighter level, it also suggests that a certain type of devotee will ever try to smooth down rough-edged saints into Fairchild-family-like picturebook heroes, even if it stands in the way of properly celebrating their very real faith and heroism.
Greene visited Mexico from January to May 1938 to research and write a nonfiction account of the persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico, that he had been planning since 1936.
Many details reported in Greene's nonfiction treatment of his Tabasco trip appeared in the novel, from the sound of a revolver in the police chief's holster to the vultures in the sky.
Another of Greene's inspirations for his main character was the Jesuit priest Miguel Pro, who performed his priestly functions as an underground priest in Tabasco and was executed without trial in 1927 on false charges.
Despite having visited Mexico and published an account of his travels, in the novel Greene was not meticulous about Tabasco's geography.
The Priest: The unnamed main character in the novel, the priest is on the run from the authorities, who will kill him if they catch him.
Nevertheless, he continues to perform his priestly functions (often in great difficulty and sometimes reluctance) and it is his determination to attend to the spiritual needs of a dying man that leads to his eventual capture and death.
However, the lieutenant is also idealistic, and believes in radical social reform that would end poverty and provide education for everyone.
He is capable of acts of personal kindness, as when he gives the priest (whom he believes to be a destitute drunkard) money on leaving the jail.
The mestizo encounters the priest again in the prison, but prefers to wait for the right moment to betray him, which he does when leading him to the dying American.
She keeps brandy for the priest and helps him evade the police when they come to her village looking for him.
Captain Fellows: A happy Englishman who works on a banana plantation who is displeased to find that the priest has taken refuge in his barn.
Luis: This young boy shows little interest in the story his mother reads to him, but his interest is awakened by the news of the priest's death.
The Chief of Police: Mostly concerned with playing billiards and assuaging his own toothache, he doesn't share the Lieutenant's idealism and wilfully breaks the law.
The Lehrs: Mr. Lehr, a widower, and his sister, Miss Lehr, are an elderly couple who allow the priest to stay with them after he crosses the state border.
Juan is a young Mexican man who enters the priesthood, lives a pious life and faces his death by firing squad with great courage.
It was faithfully dramatized by Denis Cannan for performance at the Phoenix Theatre in London in 1956, the whisky priest acted by Paul Scofield, and in 1958 at the Phoenix Theatre in New York City.
The price of liberty, even within a Church, is eternal vigilance, but I wonder whether any of the totalitarian states ... would have treated me as gently when I refused to revise the book on the casuistical ground that the copyright was in the hands of my publishers.
There was no public condemnation, and the affair was allowed to drop into that peaceful oblivion which the Church wisely reserves for unimportant issues.
Many novelists consider the novel to be Greene's masterpiece, as John Updike claimed in his introduction to the 1990 reprint of the novel.
The color is typically pale green through blue-green, with a deep pink blush in certain varieties, and typically has a bloom.
The hard, shiny seeds may number 20–40 or more per fruit and have a brown to black coat, although varieties exist that are almost seedless.
Sugar-apple is high in energy, an excellent source of vitamin C and manganese, a good source of thiamine and vitamin B, and provides vitamin B, B B, B, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium in fair quantities.
The East Branch Pecatonica River is a tributary of the Pecatonica River, approximately long, in southwest Wisconsin in the United States.
It flows south past Barneveld, Blanchardville, and Argyle, and joins the Pecatonica in southeast Lafayette County, approximately north of the state line with Illinois.
It is part of the University of Minnesota system and offers 16 bachelor's degrees in 87 majors, graduate programs in 25 different fields, and a two-year program at the School of Medicine and a four-year College of Pharmacy program.
Although the University of Minnesota Duluth didn’t officially make its appearance until 1947, plans for a college in the Duluth area were first made in the 1890s.
The state legislature planned for a teaching school for women (then referred to as a normal school) and in 1895 they passed a bill authorizing the State Normal School at Duluth.
In 1896, the City of Duluth donated of land to serve as a foundation for the school, and the state legislature provided additional funds for the construction costs for the main building in 1899, which was built in 1900.
Only three teachers were needed to take charge of the pupils at that time, while five are required now and the number of children seeking admission is greatly in excess of the limit fixed for the several grades.
In 1985 the four surviving buildings of the State Normal School at Duluth, consisting of the Main Building, Washburn Hall, Torrance Hall, and the Model School, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
As enrollment increased on the University of Minnesota campus in the Twin Cities in the 1940s, higher education leaders began to debate how to address overcrowding on the state's land grant university campus.
During this time City leaders and area state legislators formed a plan to advocate for establishing a branch campus of the University of Minnesota in the City of Duluth.
After significant lobbying efforts a bill was drafted and submitted to the legislature that would instead take the Duluth State Teachers College, remove it from the Minnesota State Teachers College system and establish a branch of the University of Minnesota in 1947.
These events later led to discord, with Southern Minnesota organizing to request its own university in 1963-1967 as part of efforts to make Mankato State Teachers College into a research university called the University of Southern Minnesota or Minnesota State University.
During these initial years the University of Minnesota Duluth was considered directly a part of the University of Minnesota, not an independent institution.
It is the primary sea-grant university for the state of Minnesota and operates the Minnesota Sea Grant Program offices on campus.
In addition, in 1972 a two-year school of medicine was founded at the university to provide the first two years of medical education in a small urban and rural setting.
The medical school was reorganized in 2000 to be a direct component of the University of Minnesota Medical School from the Twin Cities campus and now operates semi-independently from the University of Minnesota Duluth.
Today, the university now educates a medium sized student body of early 11,000 students each year and draws students primarily from the Twin Ports and Twin Cities areas.
UMD is also home to the Tweed Museum of Art, the Marshall W. Alworth Planetarium, Weber Music Hall, and the Marshall Performing Arts Center.
Other UMD facilities include Glensheen Historic Estate, Chester Park School which houses Minnesota Sea Grant and the Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic, the Natural Resources Research Institute, the Research and Field Studies Center, and the Lower Campus which houses the Large Lakes Observatory.
Additional recent buildings include the Weber Music Hall (2002), Kirby Plaza (2004), James I. Swenson Science Building (2005), Sports and Health Center addition (2006), Life Science Renovation (2006), Labovitz School of Business & Economics (2008), Bagley Environmental Classroom (2009), the Civil Engineering Building (2010) and the Heikkila Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science (HCAMS) building (2019).
A little over 1% of the library's $28 million construction costs went toward the purchase and installation of a glass sculpture by Dale Chihuly that hangs from the ceiling of the two-story library lobby.
The new building for the Civil Engineering program is designed to teach students about materials, how they go together, how they age, and how they express the forces inherent in any structure.
The facade is distinguished by cor-ten steel, precast and poured in place concrete, concrete block, and scuppers clad in reclaimed wood.
On a rainy day, the building is a demonstration of hydraulics and kinetic energy, as water pours from the scuppers and splashes into the cor-ten steel catch basins.
It's creative in its architectural expression in a way that's sculptural and sort of bold and solid like the sciences that are studied within.
Marshall Performing Arts Center was built in the 1970s and is a 715-seat flexible thrust/proscenium theatre presenting an array of theatre and dance events.
It was named after the parents of Julia and Caroline Marshall and Jessica Marshall Spencer (Albert and Julia N. Marshall) who were donors to the university.
Astronomical programs are delivered with an optomechanical Spitz A3P star machine, a full-dome digital projection system running UniView® software, surround sound, and programmable LRGB LED lighting.
Completed in 2006, the building is situated on the main corridor into the 244 acre campus and contains 108,000 gross square feet of inter disciplinary research and teaching laboratories for Chemistry, Fresh Water Ecology and Biology and creates a link between the academic and residential areas of the campus.
Designed by Ross Barney Architects of Chicago, Illinois, the new building provides 16 undergraduate instructional laboratories for 2100 students, 16 research laboratories for faculty and postdoctoral researchers, offices for faculty, graduate and postgraduate students, and the Biology departments administration.
One unique feature is the wild rice research laboratory built into the watershed creating a front yard and an outdoor learning space.
The native plantings pay homage to the native peoples of Minnesota, with the water garden showcasing the cultivation of wild rice, a cultural staple of some of the Native Americans of the area.
The Tweed Museum of Art's history began in the 1920s when George and Alice Tweed first began collecting pieces of 19th and 20th American and European art including examples of the French Barbizon School and Impressionist influenced American Landscape painting.
After the death of Mr. Tweed in 1946, Mrs. Tweed saw the potential of the Tweed collection as a resource for the community.
The collection features artists including David Ericson, Gilbert Munger, Eastman Johnson, William Hart, John Twachtman, Homer Dodge Martin, and Childe Hassam.
The Hudson River Valley School collection, the Potlatch Company Royal Canadian Mounted Police painting collection, the Glenn C. Nelson pottery collection and an extensive American Indian artifacts and artworks collection are especially noteworthy.
The University of Minnesota Duluth has 16 bachelor's degree programs with 87 majors and 73 minors and graduate programs in 25 fields.
The school competes at the NCAA Division II level in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) in all sports except ice hockey.
The men's hockey program plays in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC) after previously playing in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).
On 13 December 2008, the undefeated Bulldogs won the NCAA Division II National Football Championship—the first Division II championship in any sport at the school.
On December 18, 2010, the Bulldogs won their second NCAA Division II National Football Championship in a 3-year span, and their second in school history beating Delta State University.
On April 9, 2011, the Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs men's ice hockey team defeated the University of Michigan 3-2 in overtime for the NCAA Division I men's hockey national title, their first.
On April 7, 2018, after the Bulldogs were the last team to receive an at-large bid in the tournament, the Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs men's ice hockey team defeated Notre Dame 2-1 for their second NCAA Division I men's hockey national championship.
The team won its second consecutive championship (and third overall) on April 13, 2019, after defeating the University of Massachusetts Amherst 3-0.
Fraternities include Phi Kappa Psi, Alpha Delta, Tau Kappa Epsilon, Phi Kappa Tau, and Alpha Nu Omega (a local fraternity, not to be confused with the national Alpha Nu Omega organization).
Although the council had financial disagreements involving the membership fee which led to the departure of Alpha Phi Omega in the fall of 2009, they have since rejoined.
Some of the clubs include: Alpine Skiing, Cycling, Badminton, Dance Team, Cheer Team, Figure Skating, Nordic Skiing, NS Climbing, Kayak & Canoe, Water Polo and Wrestling.
Examples of past trips include: Paddling the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Climbing the Devil’s Tower National Monument in Wyoming, backpacking the Porcupine Mountains in Michigan.
Events and races on campus in UMD's Bagley Nature Area have included the Rock Hill Adventure where participants run, canoe or kayak and the Homecoming 5K Trail Run.
Fitness passes grant entry to classes including; Butts & Gutts, Cardio Mix, Circuit City, Hip Hop, Kardio Kick, Pilates, Piloga, Pump & Tone, Power Yoga, Spin & Core, Step, Step & Sculpt, Vinyasa Yoga, and Yoga Inspired Stretch.
Minnesota Duluth has also produced numerous professional hockey players including John Harrington and Mark Pavelich from the 1980 Miracle on Ice Olympic hockey team, and NHL Hall of Famer, Brett Hull.
Joel Labovitz is founder of Labovitz Enterprises, a diversified investment firm based in Duluth with a focus on the hospitality industry.
Previously, Joel Labovitz was President and CEO of Maurices, the retail clothing company that was founded in 1931 in Duluth by his father, Maurice Labovitz.
James Swenson, a University of Minnesota Duluth Alumnus, donated more than $21 million to the school, with his most recent donation of $10.7 million toward the College of Science and Engineering.
$3 million of this was dedicated to the new civil engineering building and the remaining $7.7 million was given as scholarships for students in science and research programs.
Because of his generous donations over the years, the school renamed the College of Science and Engineering to be the Swenson College of Science and Engineering.
In the early 21st century, baobabs in southern Africa began to die off rapidly from a cause yet to be determined.
Scientists believe it is unlikely that disease or pests were able to kill many trees so rapidly, and some speculated that the die-off was a result of dehydration from global warming.
The tree has since split into two parts, so the widest individual trunk may now be that of the Sunland baobab, or Platland tree, also in South Africa.
The Panke baobab in Zimbabwe was some 2,450 years old when it died in 2011, making it the oldest angiosperm ever documented, and two other trees – Dorslandboom in Namibia and Glencoe in South Africa – were estimated to be approximately 2,000 years old.
Of the nine species accepted six are native to Madagascar, two are native to mainland Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and one is native to Australia.
The African and Australian baobabs are almost identical despite having separated more than 100 million years ago, probably by oceanic dispersal.
Across Africa, the oldest and largest baobabs began to die in the early 21st century, likely from a combination of drought and rising temperatures.
Sede vacante (Latin for 'the seat being vacant') is a term for the state of an episcopal see while without a bishop.
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, the term is used to refer to the vacancy of any see of a particular church, but it comes into especially wide journalistic use when the see is that of the papacy.
The exceptions are the Cardinal Camerlengo, who is charged with managing the property of the Holy See, and the Major Penitentiary, who continues to exercise his normal role.
If either has to do something which normally requires the assent of the Pope, he has to submit it to the College of Cardinals.
Papal legates continue to exercise their diplomatic roles overseas, and both the Vicar General of Rome and the Vicar General for the Vatican City State continue to exercise their pastoral role during this period.
This symbolizes both the lack of a Pope and the governance of the Camerlengo over the temporalities of the Holy See.
As further indication, the Camerlengo ornaments his arms with this symbol during this period, which he subsequently removes once a pope is elected.
The interregnum is usually highlighted by the funeral Mass of the deceased pope, the general congregations of the College of Cardinals for determining the particulars of the election, and finally culminates in the papal conclave to elect a successor.
Cardinals present in Rome are required to wait at least fifteen days after the start of the vacancy before they hold the conclave to elect the new Pope.
The period from the death of the Pope to the start of the conclave was often shorter but, after Cardinal William Henry O'Connell had arrived just too late for two conclaves in a row, Pius XI extended the time limit.
Days before his resignation in February 2013, Benedict XVI amended the rules to allow the cardinals to begin the conclave sooner, if all voting cardinals are present.
The longest period without a Pope in the last 250 years was the approximately half year from the death in prison of Pius VI in 1799 and the election of Pius VII in Venice in 1800.
Whilst conclaves and papal elections are generally completed in short order, there have been several periods when the papal chair has been vacant for months or even years.
In such cases, this means that the particular diocesan bishop has either died, resigned, transferred to a different diocese, or lost his office and a replacement has not yet been named.
If there is a coadjutor bishop for the diocese, then this period does not take place, as the coadjutor bishop (or coadjutor archbishop, in the case of an archdiocese) immediately succeeds to the episcopal see.
Within eight days after the episcopal see is known to be vacant, the college of consultors (or the cathedral chapter in some countries) is obliged to elect a diocesan administrator.
If the college of consultors fails to elect a qualifying person within the time allotted, the choice of diocesan administrator passes to the metropolitan archbishop or, if the metropolitan see is vacant, to the senior-most by appointment of the suffragan bishops.
Before the election of the diocesan administrator of a vacant see, the governance of the see is entrusted, with the powers of a vicar general, to the auxiliary bishop, if there is one, or to the senior among them, if there are several, otherwise to the college of consultors as a whole.
The diocesan administrator has greater powers, essentially those of a bishop except for matters excepted by the nature of the matter or expressly by law.
Canon law subjects his activity to various legal restrictions and to special supervision by the college of consultors (as for example canons 272 and 485).
Sedevacantists believe that all popes since the Second Vatican Council have been heretics, and that therefore the see of Rome is vacant.
It refers to the array of every physical action and observable emotion associated with individuals, as well as the human race.
While specific traits of one's personality and temperament may be more consistent, other behaviors will change as one moves from birth through adulthood.
In addition to being dictated by age and genetics, behavior, driven in part by thoughts and feelings, is an insight into individual psyche, revealing among other things attitudes and values.
The behavior of humans (and other organisms or even mechanisms) falls within a range with some behavior being common, some unusual, some acceptable, and some beyond acceptable limits.
In sociology, behavior in general includes actions having no meaning, being not directed at other people, and thus all basic human actions.
Behavior in this general sense should not be mistaken with social behavior, which is a more advanced social action, specifically directed at other people.
Due to the inherently conformist nature of human society in general, humans are pressured into following certain rules and displaying certain behaviors in society, which conditions the way people behave.
Studies of identical twins as compared to less closely related human beings, and of children brought up in adoptive homes, have helped scientists understand the influence of genetics on human behavior.
An individual’s behavior varies depending on the group(s) they are a part of, a characteristic of society that allows their norms to heavily impact society.
Without social norms, human society would not function as it currently does; humans would have to be more abstract in their behavior, as there would not be a pre-tested 'normal' standardized lifestyle, and individuals would have to make many more choices for themselves.
The institutionalization of norms is, however, inherent in human society perhaps as a direct result of the desire to be accepted by others, which leads humans to manipulate their own behavior in order to 'fit in' with others.
It can be seen in tribes' adaptation of natural objects to make tools, and in the uniquely human pursuits of art and music.
According to a Pew Research Center report, 54% of adults around the world state that religion is very important in their lives.
Religion plays a large role in the lives of many people around the world, and it affects their behavior towards others.. For example, one of the five pillars of Islam is Zakat.
This is the practice whereby Muslims who can afford to are required to donate 2.5% of their wealth to those in need.
An attitude is an expression of favor or disfavor toward a person, place, thing, or event; it alters between each individual.
The more one likes something or someone the more one is willing to open up and accept what they have to offer.
An example of how one's attitude affects one's human behavior could be as simple as taking a child to the park or to the doctor.
Children know they have fun at the park so their attitude becomes willing and positive, but when a doctor is mentioned, they shut down and become upset with the thought of pain.
The way a human behaves depends a lot on how they look at the situation and what they expect to gain from it.
One theory is that people are more inclined to go outside during warmer weather, and this increases the number of opportunities for criminals.
Another is that high temperatures cause a physiological response that increases people's irritability, and therefore their likeliness to escalate perceived slights into violence.
It is an atmospheric story of working-class life in Paris, with the city itself invoked along the way: young Louise, a seamstress living with her parents, loves Julien, an artist; she desires freedom, associated in her mind with him and the city.
It was successful, reaching its 100th performance just over a year later; the 500th performance at the Opéra-Comique took place on 17 January 1921, and by the early 1950s it had reached over 950 performances.
The opera helped launch the career of the soprano Mary Garden, who sang Louise in Act 3 at the eighth performance.
The success in Paris led to productions in Algiers, Brussels, Budapest and Milan in 1901 and in Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Geneva and Stockholm in 1902, followed by other cities.
It was revived at the Met in a new production in 1930, broadcast twice (in 1939 and 1948), after 1949 it disappeared from the Met repertoire.
Although it was hoped that Charpentier might conduct the performance, in the end André Cluytens did so, but with the composer conducting the 'Chant de l’apothéose' after the 3rd act.
He is indifferent, but the mother is livid and, when Louise stands up for Julien, she slaps Louise across the face.
The Noctambulist enters and calls himself the spirit of the Pleasure of Paris, and then leaves with the daughter of a ragman.
Julien and his companions go off and he sings that the medley of sounds around him is the voice of Paris itself.
She tells Louise of her father's illness and that her father creeps into Louise's room in the middle of the night, even though they agreed to regard her as dead.
Its main campus is in Montrose, Houston; St. Mary's Seminary is a separate campus, and it has an additional campus in Conroe.
On June 24, 1944, the Bishop of the Diocese of Galveston, Christopher E. Byrne, entered into an agreement with the Houston-based members of the Congregation of St.
The Basilian Fathers had previously started several other secondary schools, as well as institutions of higher learning, throughout Texas in the early 20th Century, including St. Thomas High School, also located in Houston.
In addition to the Basilian Fathers on staff, there were for some time also several Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist who reside in the convent on campus.
The order no longer has a presence there, but the Houston Vietnamese Dominican Sisters and the Sisters of Mary Mother of the Eucharist serve in some teaching capacities.
Originally consisting solely of the Link–Lee House on the corner of Montrose and West Alabama, the University has expanded towards the South and West over the last 60 years, establishing itself as a notable landmark in Houston with over 20,000 graduates.
The campus is arranged in a square format, with the main focus of buildings on the north side of the campus which is called the Academic Mall.
The setup is designed to display the methods of human knowledge (faith, represented by the Chapel, and reason, represented by the library) in dialogue regarding the various subject matters.
The Chapel sits at the north end of the Academic Mall, representing faith in the Academic Mall's artistic depiction of faith and reason balanced in dialogue.
There is sufficient sunlight to fully light the worship space, as a combination of smooth textures and reflective surfaces maximize all light shone in the building.
At night, the lights from outside combined with candles inside the Chapel are more than enough to illuminate the worship area.
The entry to the outdoor narthex of the Chapel is created with a tent-like flap extending over the entry, creating an enclosed space that is still outdoors.
The architecture also shifts the focus the building: the entrances to the Chapel face away from the center of the building and towards the tabernacle to remind all who enter that the central point of the Chapel is not the altar or the crucifix, but the location of the Eucharist.
Seen from above, the four arms of the pattern stand out as a clear image of the cross of Jesus Christ.
Completed in September 1972, The Robert Pace and Ada Mary Doherty Library (located at the southern end of the Academic Mall) is one of the premier research libraries in Houston.
The first phase of the Conroe campus is to open in fall 2020, with the Old Conroe Police building as a temporary site for up to three years.
Adding to this number are non-traditional, off-campus, study-abroad, special program, and seminary students that bring the grand total to 3,582 students.
UST enrolls a diverse group of students with 61% of the total number of students African-American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian.
The Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities rates UST as an Hispanic-serving institution; it is the only private institution of higher education in Houston to earn this rating.
The Philosophy Department of the University of St. Thomas offers masters and doctoral degrees in Philosophy, specializing in the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas and his commentators.
In engineering, the University has cooperative agreements with Texas A&M University, the University of Houston, and the University of Notre Dame.
During the three years at UST, students complete an individualized plan of study that combines a broad liberal-arts background with the prerequisites for the program at the chosen school.
Much like the pre-health professional programs, the pre-law program is not a major in itself, but an additional program which can be combined with any major.
Pre-law students enroll in required pre-law courses that help prepare for the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT), Socratic examination, and case briefing.
To support UST students in applying to law school, the University participates in a cooperative admission program with South Texas College of Law.
Established in 1998, the Center for Business Ethics strives to educate students and the community on making good choices that benefit their businesses and the community at large.
The CBE also hosts the Women in Business Forum and the Business Ethics Society; it is the signature program of the Amom Foundation, a non-profit organization founded by a Cameron School of Business MBA alumnus; and it participates in the annual President’s Day of Service.
At the undergraduate level, the School of Education offers programs in general education (from pre-K through high school), bilingual education, and exceptionality.
Following their undergraduate career, students enter into a two-year rotation in a masters program in conjunction with the University's Gulf Regional Academy of Catholic Educators (GRACE) program.
All students are given a two-year teaching job for practical experience, which can become a permanent job during the school term following their completion of the program.
Transition to Teaching allows students with a bachelor's degree to complete a few graduate classes to teach in Catholic or public schools.
The UST Department of Fine and Performing Arts and the Glassell School of Art at the Houston Museum of Fine Arts collaborate in offering BA and BFA majors, a minor, and elective courses in Studio Art.
This joint effort gives UST students access to the resources of the Glassell School and to instruction offered by the artists on its faculty while receiving credit at the University towards a degree.
The Mendenhall Achievement Center, established in 2008, provides a professional support team to assist students in achieving their goals while enrolled at UST.
Additionally, the Mendenhall Summer Institute is a five-week program that allows incoming freshmen to complete six credit hours before their freshman year.
The Institute for International Education Exchange has consistently ranked UST as one of the top 20 master's schools in the United States for study abroad participation by undergraduate students.
The university is a provisional member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III, having joined the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference (SCAC) in the 2019-20 academic year.
The university was previously competed at the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) level as a member of the Red River Athletic Conference (RRAC).
Men's sports are baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, and track and field; women's sports are basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field, and volleyball; cheer competes as a co-ed sport.
Young Hall, located on the south side of campus, offers apartments to upper-class students and graduate or adult students who want to benefit from a Residence Life community.
The event draws about 600 people and is held on Crooker Patio, a large area in front of the University's dining hall.
The Student Organizations Committee is a collective of student leaders from five major organizations that oversee many areas of student life.
SOC members are allowed to petition for operating budgets before other organizations and/or clubs can request funds for the following school year.
The University acknowledges 82 student organizations, most of which fall within SOC jurisdiction, but other organizations are overseen by other departments of the University.
Others include the Knights of Columbus, Catholic Daughters of the Americas Court of St. Macrina, Legion of Mary, and over 20 department-run honor societies.
The work, written in French, was produced at a turning point in Frederick's life, after his turbulent and rebellious youth, and immediately before his assumption of the throne of Prussia.
Frederick had, of course, read Machiavelli long before; it is not exactly clear what drew his attention to this subject in the late 1730s, although his affiliation with Voltaire and his impending change in rank most certainly contributed to the project.
It is known from letters to Voltaire that Frederick began to ruminate on the project early in 1738; his draft of the brief work was completed by the end of 1739.
Living in Huis Honselaarsdijk, the Prussian residence near The Hague, and working with a dubious printer named Jan van Duren, Voltaire revised the text extensively on purpose and in order to get the manuscript back.
In the meantime, Frederick had become king, and his authorship — which was a very open secret — made the book an instant success and bestseller.
Not surprisingly, Frederick had other matters to occupy his attention, and he did not return to the work in an appreciable way.
His own views appear to reflect a largely Enlightenment ideal of rational and benevolent statesmanship: the king, Frederick contends, is charged with maintaining the health and prosperity of his subjects.
On the one hand, then, Machiavelli erred by assigning too great a value on princely machinations that, Frederick claims, ended in disaster, as the king's evil actions are taken up by his subjects.
On the other hand, and in support of the first idea, Frederick points out the numerous cases in which Machiavelli had ignored or slighted the bad ends of the numerous malefactors he describes and praises.
An EyeTap is a concept for a wearable computing device that is worn in front of the eye that acts as a camera to record the scene available to the eye as well as a display to superimpose computer-generated imagery on the original scene available to the eye.
This structure allows the user's eye to operate as both a monitor and a camera as the EyeTap intakes the world around it and augments the image the user sees allowing it to overlay computer-generated data over top of the normal world the user would perceive.
In order to capture what the eye is seeing as accurately as possible, an EyeTap uses a beam splitter to send the same scene (with reduced intensity) to both the eye and a camera.
The projector sends the image to the other side of the beam splitter so that this computer-generated image is reflected into the eye to be superimposed on the original scene.
Stereo EyeTaps modify light passing through both eyes, but many research prototypes (mainly for reasons of ease of construction) only tap one eye.
Steven Mann claims to have invented various forms of wearable computing devices, but there are no records of working models ever being available for commercial or public sale.
The important difference is that the scene available to the eye is also available to the computer that projects the head-up display.
One use, for instance, would be a sports EyeTap: here the wearer, while in a stadium, would be able to follow a particular player in a field and have the EyeTap display statistics relevant to that player as a floating box above the player.
Another practical use for the EyeTap would be in a construction yard as it would allow the user to reference the blueprints, especially in a 3D manner, to the current state of the building, display a list of current materials and their current locations as well perform basic measurements.
Or, even in the business world, the EyeTap has great potential, for it would be capable of delivering to the user constant up to date information on the stock market, the user's corporation, and meeting statuses.
On a more day-to-day basis some of Steve Mann's first uses for the technology was using it to keep track of names of people and places, his to-do lists, and keeping track of his other daily ordeals.
EyeTaps could have great use in any field where the user would benefit from real-time interactive information that is largely visual in nature.
Eyetap has been explored as a potential tool for individuals with visual disabilities due to its abilities to direct visual information to parts of the retina that function well.
The EyeTap has applications in the world of cyborg logging, as it allows the user the ability to perform real-time visual capture of their daily lives from their own point of view.
Steve Mann created the first version of the EyeTap, which consisted of a computer in a backpack wired up to a camera and its viewfinder which in turn was rigged to a helmet.
Ever since this first version, it has gone through multiple models as wearable computing evolves, allowing the EyeTap to shrink down to a smaller and less weighty version.
Currently the EyeTap consists of the eyepiece used to display the images, the keypad which the user can use to interface with the EyeTap and have it perform the desired tasks, a CPU which can be attached to most articles of clothing and in some cases even a Wi-Fi device so the user can access the Internet and online data.
The EyeTap is essentially a half-silvered mirror in front of the user's eye, reflecting some of the light into a sensor.
The output rays from the aremac are reflected off the half-silvered mirror back into the eye of the user along with the original light rays.
In these cases, the EyeTap views infrared light, as well as the overall design schematic of how the EyeTap manipulates lightrays.
The End of the Affair (1951) is a novel by British author Graham Greene, as well as the title of two feature films (released in 1955 and 1999) that were adapted from the novel.
Set in London during and just after the Second World War, the novel examines the obsessions, jealousy and discernments within the relationships between three central characters: writer Maurice Bendrix; Sarah Miles; and her husband, civil servant Henry Miles.
The novel focuses on Maurice Bendrix, a rising writer during the Second World War in London, and Sarah Miles, the wife of an impotent civil servant.
Bendrix and Sarah fall in love quickly, but he soon realises that the affair will end as quickly as it began.
Henry has finally started to suspect something, and Bendrix decides to go to a private detective to discover Sarah's new lover.
Through her diary, he learns that, when she thought he was dead after the bombing, she made a promise to God not to see Bendrix again if He allowed him to live again.
After her sudden death from a lung infection brought to a climax by walking on the Common in the rain, several miraculous events occur, advocating for some kind of meaningfulness to Sarah's faith.
By the last page of the novel, Bendrix may have come to believe in a God as well, though not to love Him.
However, he did also comment that he believed that part of the reason for this was his being American, as he said that many authors' brilliance is lost when it crosses the Atlantic.
It starred Deborah Kerr as Sarah Miles, Van Johnson as Maurice Bendrix, John Mills as Albert Parkis, and Peter Cushing as Henry Miles.
It starred American actress Julianne Moore as Sarah Miles, English actor Ralph Fiennes as Maurice Bendrix, and Irish actor Stephen Rea as Henry Miles.
In 2012, an audio edition performed by Colin Firth and produced by Audible.com was released; the recording was recognized as Audiobook of the Year at the Audies Gala in May 2013.
The DISCiPLE was a considerable success but its sophistication meant that it was expensive and the plastic casing, located beneath the computer itself, was sometimes prone to overheating.
The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine, INDUG, which later became Format Publications.
Kingdom Identity Ministries (KIM) is a Christian Identity outreach ministry based in Harrison, Arkansas, which advocates racism, anti-Semitism and the execution of homosexuals.
It was founded in 1982 by Mike Hallimore and owns the copyright to a number of works on Christian Identity by Bertran Camparet and Wesley Swift.
In addition to Christian Identity material it circulates white supremacist material, including sending out white supremacist pamphlets to rural communities in Pennsylvania and funding distribution of a white-power CD in 2007.
The +D (or Plus D) was a floppy disk and printer interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer, developed as a successor to Miles Gordon Technology's earlier product, the DISCiPLE.
It discarded a number of the less important features of the earlier product — the network and joystick ports, the inhibit button and the pass-through connector — and replaced its ancestor's plastic wedge-shaped design which fit under the Spectrum with a simple flat metal slab which protruded from the rear of the computer.
The +D's casing was simple folded steel, which was not only stronger than before but acted as a heatsink, improving reliability.
The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine, INDUG, which later became Format Publications.
Its design and chips have been released into the public domain and it still remains available commercially or even as a DIY project.
The National League System comprises the seven levels of the English football league system immediately below the level of the English Football League.
At the start of the 2006–07 season, phase two was introduced, and a further phase three started from 2007–08 with the starting of a second Step 4 league in the north of England.
Its top division, also called the National League (currently called the Motorama National League), is the only division in the System which is organised on a national rather than regional basis.
Although the National League is the top level of the non-league pyramid, it is not the highest level of English football (it is actually the fifth overall division).
The Premier League and the three divisions of the English Football League (EFL) comprise the top 92 clubs in the English game, and two teams from the National League are currently able to achieve promotion to the English Football League.
At the lower levels the existence of leagues becomes intermittent, although in some areas there are as many as twenty layers.
Clubs that are successful in their league can rise higher in the pyramid, whilst those that finish at the bottom can find themselves sinking further down.
In theory it is possible for a lowly local amateur club to rise to the pinnacle of the English game and become champions of the Premier League.
The number of teams promoted between leagues or divisions varies, and promotion is usually contingent on meeting criteria set by the higher league, especially concerning appropriate facilities and finances.
In particular, clubs that hope to be promoted from Step 5 leagues to Step 4 must apply in advance to be assessed for whether they meet the grading requirements.
The teams must then also finish in the top 3 in their league to be considered for promotion, which is not automatic.
For instance, in the 2005–06 season 100 clubs applied to be considered for promotion, of which 51 met the grading requirements, and 29 of those finished in the top 3 in their leagues.
Beginning with the 2004–05 season, Phase One of the latest change was introduced with the formation of a Conference North and Conference South immediately below the Football Conference, renamed Conference Premier, dropping the top divisions of the Southern League, Isthmian League, and Northern Premier League down one level.
The official name is given for all the leagues listed, and the sponsorship name is also provided for the leagues in the top four steps.
The NLS Committee also has the power to transfer clubs between divisions and even leagues at the same level of the pyramid should this be deemed necessary to maintain geographically practical and numerically balanced divisions and leagues at every level.
All clubs in the NLS are eligible to compete in the FA Cup, but are seeded into it according to tier standing.
Tiers 1 to 4 clubs are eligible for the FA Trophy and tiers 5 to 7 for the FA Vase, as well as their respective regional and county cups.
With the arrival of the new sponsors for the Football Conference starting in the 2007–08 season, the administrators of the Conference announced the reintroduction of the short-lived Conference League Cup.
Step 7 – is awarded to leagues where 100% of their clubs meet the Step 7 minimum ground grading requirements as of 31 March and the league complies with all other requirements for Step 7 status.
Step 7A – was awarded to leagues where 75% or more of their clubs met the Step 7 minimum ground grading requirements after 31 March and the league complied with all other requirements for Step 7 status.
Step 7B – was awarded to leagues where 60% or more of their clubs met the ground grading requirements after 31 March and the league complied with all other requirements for Step 7 status.
The comments were made just prior to the introduction of the fourth division at Step 3 and the seventh at Step 4.
On 17 April 2019, it was clarified that there would be 17 divisions at Step 6, down from 19 in 2018–19 and that the two new divisions at Step 5 would be in the Midlands and the west London/Thames Valley areas.
On 24 April, it was announced that the Northern Premier League had been awarded the operation of the eighth division at Step 4.
In common with other Maserati cars of the era, it is named after a wind, Bora being the wind of Trieste.
It is powered by a V8 engine and the official Maserati website quotes a top speed of for the Bora 4.7 and for the Bora 4.9, although many sources state higher or lower numbers.
Shortly after Citroën took a controlling interest in Maserati in 1968, the concept of a mid-engined two-seat sports car was proposed.
Lamborghini and De Tomaso already had the Miura and Mangusta, whilst Ferrari were known to be developing their own mid-engined contender.
Initially known as Tipo 117 and later the Bora, the Maserati project got underway in October 1968 and a prototype was on the road by mid-1969.
564 Boras were produced in total, of which 275 were fitted with 4.9 L engines and the other 289 were fitted with 4.7 L engines.
Compared to other supercars, it was civilized and practical, featuring a hydraulically powered pedal cluster that could be moved forward and backwards at the touch of a button and a steering wheel that could be tilted and telescoped, addressing the familiar problem of entering and exiting the vehicle typical of many supercars.
Most supercars offer little foot room and little to no provision for luggage, but the Bora has a full-size trunk in the front of the vehicle, and was otherwise known as being much more civilized in comforts from its competitors.
Unlike its competitors, the Bora used dual-pane glass separating its cabin from the engine compartment as well as a carpeted aluminum engine cap, greatly decreasing the engine noise in the cabin and increasing the comfort level for the driver.
Two V8 engines were offered initially, a high-revving and a higher torque ; a US smog-qualified 4.9-litre engine was used (a stroked version of the 4.7), starting with 1973 deliveries.
Eventually, production switched to only using a more powerful version of the 4.9-litre engine producing at 5,500 rpm and of torque at 4,000 rpm.
All these engines traced their lineage back to the famous 450S racecar, were aluminium alloy, had hemispherical combustion chambers with 16 valves total operated by four cams (chain-driven).
Both engines were mounted longitudinally in the middle of the car and were mated to a ZF-1 five-speed transaxle sending power to the rear wheels.
Also featured independent suspension all round (a first for a Maserati road car) with coil springs, telescopic suspension dampers and anti-roll bars.
The development prototype and the broadly similar show car first seen at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show featured MacPherson strut based front suspension, but this was abandoned for production because, installed in combination with very wide front tires and rack-and-pinion steering, the strut-based solution produced severe kickback.
Citroën's advanced high-pressure LHM hydraulics were adopted to operate the ventilated disc brakes on the main circuit, and on an auxiliary circuit the pedal box [clutch, brake, foot-throttle], the driver's seat [only vertical adjustments], and the retractable headlights.
To solve this problem Maserati fitted later cars with 215/70VR15 on the rear, with the choice of Michelin XWX or Pirelli Cinturato CN12.
Inside, the bucket seats, dash, door trim, centre console and rear bulkhead were trimmed in leather, with electric windows and air conditioning as standard.
circuit controls adjusted the driver's seat vertically, the pedal box [consisting of the brake, clutch and throttle pedals] horizontally forwards and backwards by around --a first such application in the world for a production car, and also to raise and lower the concealed headlights in the front fenders.
It is popularly believed that the Bora is heavier than the Ghibli however the Ghibli weighs some , more than the Bora.
The reason for this misconception probably stems from the state of tune of their respective engines as well as the difference in the gearing of the two cars.
However as speed climbed the more highly geared Bora (5th gear of .74 versus .90 in the Ghibli) would take the lead, top speeds were similar at 154 to 160 for the Ghibli versus for US spec Boras' and up to for RHD and European spec cars without smog controls.
This has led to confusion over this issue as well as the top speeds of US spec versus European geared cars.
About early 1974, front lids became hinged at front instead of rear, pop-up headlights showed rounded inside corners, and a rectangular black air-exit grille was added across the hood (similar to Pantera).
From 1973, as the 4.7-litre engine had not been homologated in North America, US Bora models had air-pump emissions-equipped Super-Ghibli engines similar to those found in US-bound Ghiblis.
US safety-compliant front bumpers had to be added to meet US DOT safety legislation, on US-delivered cars, though many US Bora owners have subsequently retro-fitted the original Euro versions.
Three years later, the 4.9-litre engine became standard on all Boras, displacement having been stroked from 85 to 89 mm, resulting in a size of 4,930 cc.
They were very competitive, but Maserati couldn't produce enough cars to meet the 500 road car homologation rule for Group 4 racing so the project was shelved.
The Bora was the basis for the Merak, which used the same bodyshell front clip but in a 2+2 configuration, made possible by using a smaller, lighter and less powerful Maserati V6 engine, also used in the Citroën SM.
The Merak was popular, and sold thousands in number, including the later modified and improved Merak SS, making its debut in 1981.
LaPorte Church of Christ is an independent White Supremacist church in Laporte, Colorado, led until 2011 by Pastor Peter J. Peters (November 13, 1946 – July 7, 2011), who proclaimed that Europeans comprise the twelve lost tribes of Israel and that contemporary Jews are satanic impostors (based on and ) and the descendants of the Biblical Esau (Edom) -- the brother and nemesis of Jacob (Israel).
It attracted white supremacists, including the members of the terrorist organisation The Order who murdered radio talk show host Alan Berg with whom Peters had clashed on Berg's radio program.
The church became involved in a controversy in Colorado, related to an amendment against homosexuality, which led to it being fined for a minor violation of election laws.
Peters refused to pay the fine and the church was seized by the state in February 1993 as the debt exceeded $10,000 dollars.
He was born in Bulwell, Nottinghamshire in 1919 and educated at High Pavement School, Stanley Road, Nottingham and later at University College Nottingham.
Middleton was an accomplished organist, playing regularly at St Mark's Methodist Church on Ravensworth Road in Bulwell and stepping in to cover others, often at Mansfield Road Baptist Church in Nottingham.
Towards the end of his life he suffered from cancer, and died in a nursing home on 25 July 2009, one week before his 90th birthday.
The Ferrari Testarossa (Type F110) is a 12-cylinder mid-engine sports car manufactured by Ferrari, which went into production in 1984 as the successor to the Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer.
The Pininfarina-designed car was originally produced from 1984 to 1991, with two model revisions following the end of Testarossa production called the 512 TR and F512 M, which were produced from 1992 to 1996.
The rear mid-engine design (engine between the axles but behind the cabin) keeps the centre of gravity in the middle of the car, which increases stability and improves the car's cornering ability, and thus results in a standing weight distribution of 40% front: 60% rear.
The original Testarossa was re-engineered for the 1992 model year and was introduced as the 512 TR (TR meaning TestaRossa), at the Los Angeles Auto Show, effectively as a completely new car, and an improved weight distribution of 41% front, 59% rear.
The problems that the Testarossa was conceived to fix, included a cabin that got increasingly hot from the indoor plumbing that ran between the front-mounted radiator and the midships-mounted engine and a lack of luggage space.
This resulted in an increased wheelbase that stretched about to which was used to accommodate luggage in a carpeted storage space under the front forward-opening hood.
The designers were originally trying to minimize the necessary side intakes, which also could not be left open due to American safety legislation, but then decided on making them a statement of style instead - one that ended up becoming emblematic of the late eighties.
Unlike the Berlinetta Boxer, the Testarossa had twin side radiators near the engine at the rear instead of a single radiator up-front - eliminating lots of piping and allowing for a much cooler cabin.
On US based cars, the mirror was lowered to a more normal placement for the 1987 model year and was quickly joined by a passenger side view mirror for the driver to be able to make safe lane changes.
Its engine used near identical displacement and compression ratio, but unlike the BB 512i had four-valve cylinder heads that were finished in red.
The Testarossa can accelerate from 0– in 5.3 seconds and from 0– in 5.2 seconds and on to in 11.4 seconds (though Motor Trend Magazine managed 5.29 seconds and 11.3 seconds, respectively).
These wheels used the Michelin TRX tyres having sizes of size 240/45 VR 415 at the front and 280/45 VR 415 at the rear.
In the 1986 model year, the wheels kept the same design but were changed to a standard 16 inches (406 mm) diameter, with a width of 8 inches at the front and 10 inches at the rear.
The rear suspension consisted of independent, unequal-length wishbones, coil springs, twin telescopic shock absorbers on each side, and an anti-roll bar.
The entire drivetrain and suspension was designed to be removed as a unit from underneath the car so the engine and timing belts could be serviced.
In the mid of the 1988 model year, the suspension was redesigned and the wheels were changed again from the single bolt knockoff setup to the standard Ferrari five bolt pattern.
Simpson, Rod Stewart, Michael Jordan, Mike Tyson, John Carmack, Dr. Dre, Suge Knight, Austrian Formula One racing driver Gerhard Berger, and Gary Monsieur.
The Testarossa Spider, serial number 62897, is the sole official convertible variant of the Testarossa commissioned in 1986 by the then Fiat chairman Gianni Agnelli to commemorate his 20 years of chairmanship of the company.
The Testarossa Spider had an Argento Nurburgring exterior, a white magnolia leather interior with a dark blue stripe running above the matte black sills, and a white electronically operated soft top that could be manually stowed away.
The vehicle was delivered to Agnelli in four months, and had a solid silver Ferrari logo on the hood instead of an aluminium one.
Despite many requests from interested customers for a Testarossa Spider, Ferrari refused to produce the car as a regular production variant of the Testarossa on the grounds of spatial and structural challenges that would be difficult to resolve, and so Pininfarina and other after market firms such as Pavesi, Lorentz and Rankel and Koenig Specials offered unofficial Spider conversions on special consumer requests.
It had a standard 4.9 L flat-12 engine with a power output of , though the top speed was reduced because of the excessive weight arising due to the reinforced chassis.
The only differences, other than being a convertible, were that the Spider's front window and door windows were both shorter than those of the normal car and the spider had a special transmission manufactured by Valeo installed which is convertible to both automatic and the standard 5-speed manual versions with the push of a button, a technology ahead of its time.
It can complete a standing (from stationary) quarter mile in 13.20 seconds or a standing kilometre in 23.40 seconds.The 512 TR has a top speed of .
Another recall was issued in relation to the passive restraint system on seat belts not functioning properly, on over 2,000 cars.
Nikasil liners were added, along with a new air intake system, Bosch engine management system, larger intake valves, and a revised exhaust system.
Gearshifting effort, a prolonged complaint about the Testarossa, was eased with a new single-plate clutch, sliding ball bearings, and better angle for the gearshift knob.
Most importantly, engine and gearbox position was rethought, which improved the centre of gravity, aiding the handling and making the car easier to drive.
at Pininfarina was tasked with redesigning the body of the car for better integration of the newly included spoilers and the new engine cover.
The engine features four valves per-cylinder, for forty-eight valves total and is lubricated via a dry sump system, with a compression ratio of 10.40:1.
Due to new titanium connecting rods and a new crankshaft that together weighs less than those that they replace, the engine has a 7,500 rpm electronic rev limit.
The Ferrari F512 M can accelerate from 0 to in 4.70 seconds, on to in 10.20 seconds, and can complete a standing quarter mile in 12.70 seconds or a standing kilometre in 22.70 seconds.
Carbon fibre racing bucket seats were also available at no extra cost, weighing only ; much less than the standard seats.
It featured the flat-twelve engine of the Ferrari Testarossa and a 7-speed sequential manual transmission from the Williams Formula One team.
The engines were stock units, having a power output of and having a rear-wheel drive layout, but the radiators were moved to the front of the car.
John Pope (March 16, 1822 – September 23, 1892) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.
He had a brief stint in the Western Theater, but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas) in the East.
He served in the Mexican–American War and had numerous assignments as a topographical engineer and surveyor in Florida, New Mexico, and Minnesota.
He spent much of the last decade before the Civil War surveying possible southern routes for the proposed First Transcontinental Railroad.
He was an early appointee as a Union brigadier general of volunteers and served initially under Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont.
He launched an offensive against the Confederate army of General Robert E. Lee, in which he fell prey to a strategic turning movement into his rear areas by Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson.
At Second Bull Run, he concentrated his attention on attacking Jackson while the other Confederate corps attacked his flank and routed his army.
Following Manassas, Pope was banished far from the Eastern Theater to the Department of the Northwest in Minnesota, where he commanded U.S.
He was appointed to command the Department of the Missouri in 1865 and was a prominent and activist commander during Reconstruction in Atlanta.
Pope was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the son of Nathaniel Pope, a prominent Federal judge in early Illinois Territory and a friend of lawyer Abraham Lincoln.
He graduated from the United States Military Academy, 17th in a class of 56, in 1842, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers.
He fought under Zachary Taylor in the Battle of Monterrey and Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican–American War, for which he was appointed a brevet first lieutenant and captain, respectively.
He served as the chief engineer of the Department of New Mexico from 1851 to 1853 and spent the remainder of the antebellum years surveying a route for the Pacific Railroad.
Pope was serving on lighthouse duty when Abraham Lincoln was elected and he was one of four officers selected to escort the president-elect to Washington, D.C.
He offered to serve Lincoln as an aide, but on June 14, 1861, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers (date of rank effective May 17, 1861) and was ordered to Illinois to recruit volunteers.
In the Department of the West under Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont, Pope assumed command of the District of North and Central Missouri in July, with operational control along a portion of the Mississippi River.
Frémont was convinced that Pope had treacherous intentions toward him, demonstrated by his lack of action in following Frémont's offensive plans in Missouri.
Pope eventually forced the Confederates under Sterling Price to retreat southward, taking 1,200 prisoners in a minor action at Blackwater, Missouri, on December 18.
Pope, who established a reputation as a braggart early in the war, was able to generate significant press interest in his minor victory, which brought him to the attention of Frémont's replacement, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck.
Halleck appointed Pope to command the Army of the Mississippi (and the District of the Mississippi, Department of the Missouri) on February 23, 1862.
Assisted by the gunboats of Captain Andrew H. Foote, he landed his men on the opposite shore, which isolated the defenders.
During the Siege of Corinth, he commanded the left wing of Halleck's army, but he was soon summoned to the East by Lincoln.
After the collapse of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign, Pope was appointed to command the Army of Virginia, assembled from scattered forces in the Shenandoah Valley and Northern Virginia.
Despite this bravado, and despite receiving units from McClellan's Army of the Potomac that swelled the Army of Virginia to 70,000 men, Pope's aggressiveness exceeded his strategic capabilities, particularly since he was now facing Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
As Lee advanced on Pope with the remainder of his army, Jackson swung around to the north and captured Pope's main supply base at Manassas Station.
Confused and unable to locate the main Confederate force, Pope walked into a trap in the Second Battle of Bull Run.
His men withstood a combined attack by Jackson and Lee on August 29, 1862, but on the following day Maj. Gen. James Longstreet launched a surprise flanking attack and the Union Army was soundly defeated and forced to retreat.
Pope compounded his unpopularity with the Army by blaming his defeat on disobedience by Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter, who was found guilty by court-martial and disgraced.
Pope himself was relieved of command on September 12, 1862, and his army was merged into the Army of the Potomac under McClellan.
He spent the remainder of the war in the Department of the Northwest in Minnesota, dealing with the Dakota War of 1862.
His months campaigning in the West paid career dividends because he was assigned to command the Military Division of the Missouri on January 30, 1865, and received a brevet promotion to major general in the regular army on March 13, 1865, for his service at Island No.
118 dividing the entire United States, including the states formerly a part of the Confederacy, into five military divisions and 19 subordinate geographical departments.
Shortly after Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, Pope wrote a letter to Edmund Kirby-Smith offering the Confederates in Louisiana the same surrender terms that Grant allowed for Lee.
He told Kirby-Smith that further resistance was futile and urged the general to avoid needless bloodshed, devastation, and misery by accepting the surrender terms.
In April 1867, Pope was named governor of the Reconstruction Third Military District and made his headquarters in Atlanta, issuing orders that allowed African Americans to serve on juries, ordering Mayor James Williams to remain in office another year, postponing elections, and banning city advertising in newspapers that did not favor Reconstruction.
Following this, Pope was appointed head of the Department of the Lakes (based in Detroit, Michigan) from January 13, 1868, to April 30, 1870.
Pope returned to the West as commander of the Department of the Missouri (the nation's second largest geographical command) during the Grant presidency, and held that command through 1883.
He served with distinction in the Apache Wars, including the Red River War relocating Southern Plains tribes to reservations in Oklahoma.
General Pope made political enemies in Washington when he recommended that the reservation system would be better administered by the military than the corrupt Indian Bureau.
Pope's reputation suffered a serious blow in 1879 when a late-convened Board of Inquiry called by President Rutherford B. Hayes and led by Maj. Gen. John Schofield (Pope's immediate predecessor in the Department of the Missouri and then head of the Department of the Pacific) concluded that Major General Fitz John Porter had been unfairly convicted of cowardice and disobedience at the Second Battle of Bull Run.
The Schofield report used evidence of former Confederate commanders and concluded that Pope himself bore most of the responsibility for the Union loss.
The report characterized Pope as reckless and dangerously uninformed about events during the battle, also criticized General Irvin McDowell (whom Pope detested), and credited Porter's perceived disobedience with saving the Union army from complete ruin.
Pope was promoted to major general in the Regular Army in 1882 and was assigned to command of the Military Division of the Pacific in 1883 where he served until his retirement.
Pope retired as a major general in the Regular Army on March 16, 1886, and his wife, Clara Pope, died two years later.
This article is a list of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, including the England, the Scotland, the Ireland, the Great Britain and the Peerage of the United Kingdom, listed in order of creation, including extant, extinct and abeyant titles.
It was only turned into a noble title, with hereditary dignity, in England by Henry VI in 1440, following the similar transformation of that title in France.
The majority of viscountcies are held by peers with higher titles, such as duke, marquess or earl; this can come about for a number of reasons, including the title being created as a subsidiary title at the same time as the higher peerage, the holder being elevated at a later time to a higher peerage or through inheritance when one individual is the heir to two separate titles.
Viscounts were created in the peerages of England and Scotland until the Act of Union 1707, thereafter being created in the peerage of Great Britain.
After the Acts of Union 1800 came into effect in 1801, all peerages were created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland were created by English and British monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland.
Irish peers were not initially granted a seat in the House of Lords and so allowed the grantee to sit in the House of Commons.
Viscounts of Ireland have precedence below peers of England, Scotland, and Great Britain of the same rank, and above peers of the United Kingdom of the same rank; but Irish peers created after 1801 yield to United Kingdom peers of earlier creation.
Of the nineteen Speakers between 1801 and 1983, eleven were made viscounts, five were made barons, one refused a peerage and two died in office (and their widows were created a viscountess and a baroness).
In British practice, the title of a viscount may be either a place name, a surname, or a combination thereof: examples include the Viscount Falmouth, the Viscount Hardinge and the Viscount Colville of Culross, respectively.
Many extant viscountcies are used as courtesy titles; a specifically British custom is the heir apparent of an earl or marquess being referred to as a viscount, if the second most senior title held by the head of the family is a viscount.
For example, the eldest son of the Earl Howe is Viscount Curzon, because this is the second most senior title held by the Earl.
However, the son of a marquess or an earl can be referred to as a viscount when the title of viscount is not the second most senior if those above it share their name with the substantive title.
Sometimes the son of a peer can be referred to as a viscount even when he could use a more senior courtesy title which differs in name from the substantive title.
For example, the eldest son of the Marquess of Londonderry is Viscount Castlereagh, even though the Marquess is also the Earl Vane.
In 1888, Scotsman William McGregor a director of Aston Villa, was the main force between meetings held in London and Manchester involving 12 football clubs, with an eye to a league competition.
The main concern was that an early exit in the knockout format of the FA Cup could leave clubs with no matches for almost a year; not only could they suffer heavy financial losses, but fans did not wait long without a game, when other teams were playing.
McGregor had voted against the name The Football League, as he was concerned that it would be associated with the Irish Land League.
The original members were: Ardwick (now Manchester City), Bootle, Burton Swifts, Crewe Alexandra, Darwen, Grimsby Town, Lincoln City, Northwich Victoria, Port Vale, Sheffield United, Small Heath (now Birmingham City), and Walsall.
Instead, the top few teams in Division Two, including the winners, contested a series of test matches against the bottom teams in Division One.
Test matches were abolished in 1898 after Burnley and Stoke conspired to deliberately draw their test match 0–0, which resulted in Burnley being promoted and Stoke being saved from relegation.
Relegation to the Football League Third Division was in place in the season before the latter even started, as Grimsby Town (last place in 1919–20) made way for Cardiff City and formed the new Third Division with southern clubs.
For subsequent seasons, two clubs were relegated into either the Third Division North or Third Division South depending on their geographical location.
When the Third Division was reunified in 1958–59, the relegation arrangement was kept; a third club began being relegated in 1974.
See List of teams promoted from the English Football League Championship and predecessors for winners from 1893 to 1992 and List of winners of English Football League One and predecessors for winners from 1993 to 2004.
Having spent a year teaching English at the University of Ljubljana in the former Yugoslavia, he attended graduate school at Columbia University and later obtained his doctorate in Slavic Studies.
In 1976 he was asked to revive the International PEN Club's moribund Writers in Prison Committee and remained Chair for the next ten years.
Between 1981 and 1983 he lived in New York, chaired a seminar on censorship at New York University, ran an exchange program with Eastern Europe funded by George Soros, and attended weekly meetings of the New York Institute for the Humanities.
The book won the PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award for the best biography of 2009 in the United States and the Spears Magazine Award for best biography of 2010 in the UK.
